ǴȈȘȐȧ
dzǚǪǩǭǸǫ
dzǻDzǨǪȃDZ
ǹǺǸǨǵǵǰDz
Salamandra P.V.V.

dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ Ǵ ǭ
dzțȒȈȊȣȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȐȒ. — ǩ. Ȕ.: Salamandra P.V.V., 2021. —
92 c. — (Scriptorium).
Ǫ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȐ ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ ȊȖșȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘ-
ȕȣȑ șȉȖȘȕȐȒ ǴȈȘȐȐ dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ -1934) — ȗȖȥȚȍșșȣ ȌȘȈȔȈȚțȘȋȈ
ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȟȐȞȣ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȑ ǵ ǫțȔȐȓȍȊȈ Ȑ ȒȖȘȘȍșȗȖȕȌȍȕȚȒȐ Ǵ
ǫȖȘȤȒȖȋȖ Ǫ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȧȝ — ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȍșȖȉȘȈȕȕȣȍ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ©ǩȈȓȤȚȈȏȈȘ ǷțȓȤª ȗȖȌȉȖȘȒȈ ȘȍȞȍȕȏȐȑ ȕȈ ȗȤȍșȣ Ȑ
ȗȖȥȚȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȒȕȐȋț Ǵ dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ ©dzțȒȈȊȣȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȐȒª ǵ ǫțȔȐȓȍȊ
Ǩ ǸȍȔȐȏȖȊ Ǵ DzțȏȔȐȕ
 Ȑ ȉȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȖȟȍȘȒ
© Salamandra P.V.V., șȖșȚȈȊ ȗȖȌȋ ȚȍȒșȚȖȊ, ȉȐȖȋȘ ȖȟȍȘȒ ȖȜȖȘȔȓ 2021

ǹȁǸǮǰȉǷ
ǿȀǾǮǻǻǶǸ

ǵȍ ȔȍȘȍȡȐȚșȧ ȓȤ ȊȈȔ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ șțȔȍȘȒȐ ȝȖȌȧȚ ȗȖ ȌȖȔț
ǺțȚ Ȏȍ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȐȕȈȧ șȘȍȌȈ
ǫȌȍ ȎȐȊȍȔ Ȕȣ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȖ-ȌȘțȋȖȔț"
ǰȕ ǨȕȕȍȕșȒȐȑ

ǽǾǶǵǻǮǻǶȍ

10
Ƕǵ DzdzȀǿǸǶȃ ǹdzȀ
Ǻȣ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȧ
ǺȈȒ ȋȘțșȚȍȕ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȓțȒȈȊ"
ǫȖȓțȉȒȈ ȧ ș ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ ȚȖșȒțȦ
ǹȖȕ ȕȈȧȊț țȊȐȌȈȊ
ȇ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ
ǩȍȏ ȊȏȘȖșȓȣȝ șȖȊșȍȔ ȖȌȐȕ
ǹȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐșȤ ȋȕȖȔȣ
Ǫ șȈȌț ț ȗȍșȚȘȣȝ ȒțȘȚȐȕ
Ǫșȍ ș ȊȍȚȒȈȔȐ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȍȓȐ
ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȐȕ ș ȎȍȏȓȖȔ
ǶȕȐ șȔȍȧȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȗȍȓȐ
ǰ ȏȊȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ șȊȖȑ ȌȖȔ
ǺȈȒ ȏȊȖȕȒȖ ȖȕȐ șȔȍȧȓȐșȤ
DzȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȐȔ ȉȣȓȖ șȔȍȠȕȖ
ǹȔȍȠȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐȚȊȖȘȧȓȐșȤ
ǪȍșȍȓȣȔȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȈȊȕȖ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȐ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȖ
Ǫ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȊȍșȍȕȕȐȑ ȉȖȘ
ȇ ȋȘțșȚȕȣȑ șȚȈȓ Ȑ ȓțȒȈȊȣȑ
ǫȖȓțȉȒȈ ȔȖȧ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ

11
ǰ ǸǮȂȋ
Ǵȣ ȊȌȊȖȍȔ Ȋ ȗȈȘȐȎșȒȖȔ ȒȈȜȥ
ǹȔȍȍȔșȧ ȉȖȓȚȈȍȔ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȥȚȖȚ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș
©ǷȖȟȍȔț Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ ȋȓȈȏ
ǬȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȔȖȑ"ª
ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȕȕȍ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ"
ǷȘȖȋȕȈȚȤ ȥȚț ȎȍȕȡȐȕț"
dzȍȟȤ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕ
ǰ ȔȖȓȐȚȤșȧ Ȗ șȕȍ"
ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ǹ ȗȘȧȔȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ"
ȇ ȓȍȎȈȓ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕȍ
ȇ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ Ȍȓȧ ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ ȖȒȕȖ
ȇ ȝȖȟț ȟȚȖȉȣ șȚȈȓȖ ȚȍȔȕȖ
ȇ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ ȊȕȖȊȤ Ȗȉ ȖȉȔȈȕȍ
Ƕ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȕȤȐ ȕȍȊȍȘȕȣȝ Ȗȋȕȍȑ
Ǵȕȍ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȚȈȓȖ ȋȘțșȚȕȍȑ
ǫȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ Ȑ ȋȐȉȒȐȑ
ǰ ȒȈȗȘȐȏȕȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ
ǪșȍȔ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȑ Ȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȘȖȌȕȖȑ
ǪȖȚ ȧ ȗȓȈȟț Ȗ ȔȧȋȒȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȍ
ȇ Ȑȡț ȟȤȍȑ-ȚȖ ȕȍȎȕȖȑ ȘțȒȐ
ȇ șȚȣȎțșȤ ȔȖȍȑ ȌȍȚșȒȖȑ ȚȖșȒȐ
ǵȖ ȉȍșșȐȓȤȕȣȝ Ȑ ȘȖȉȒȐȝ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȑ
ǺȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȈȧ ȚȈȍȚ ȊȖȓȕȈ
Ǩ ȧ ȔȖȓȖȌ ǰ șȒȖȘȖ ȊȍșȕȈ

12
ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ" Ǫ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖȔ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȤȐ
ǩțȌț șȕȖȊȈ ȧ ȎȌȈȚȤ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȣ
ǪȍȌȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȘȈȏȓȦȉȐȓȐ ȔȍȟȚȣ

13
ǴȈȋȍ Ǻ
ǽǼdzDzǶǻǼǸ
ǿȜțȓȠ
ǵȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Țȣ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ țșȚȈȓȈ
ǴȖȧ ȕȍȗȖȉȍȎȌȍȕȕȈȧ ǺȖșȒȈ"
ǪȏȋȓȧȕȐ ȉȍȋțȚ ȗȖ ȕȍȉț ȖȉȓȈȒȈ
ǰ Ȋ ȟȈș ȏȈȒȈȚȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȏȈȗȣȓȈȓȖ
ȇ ȗȘȍȌ ȚȖȉȖȑ ȕȍ Ȗȗțȡț ȏȈȉȘȈȓȈ
ǴȖȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ țȗȘȧȔ ǭȡȍ ȚȊȍȘȌȈ ȘțȒȈ
Ǩ Țȣ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ ȐȏȌȈȓȍȒȈ
ǺȧȎȍȓȖȍ ȕȈȒȐȕțȊ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȖ
Ǻȣ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ȕȈȠȓȈ ȔȖȍ ȒȘȣȓȤȞȖ
ǵȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȚȤ șȘȈȎȍȕȤȍ
ǴȖȑ ȋȘțșȚȕȣȑ ȊȘȈȋ ȖȚȒȘȖȑ șȊȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ
ǺȈȒ ȥȚȖ Țȣ" ǺȈȒ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȤȍ"
ǴȖȧ ǺȖșȒȈ șȔȖȚȘȐ ȉȘȖșȈȦ șȈȔ
ǴȖȑ ȗȖȒȖȘȍȕȕȣȑ Ȕȍȟ Ȓ ȚȊȖȐȔ ȕȖȋȈȔ

14
ǶȚȘȈȊȐȓȐ ȕȍȎȕȣȍ șȚȐȝȐ
ǿȚȖ ș șȖȉȖȦ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ"
Ƕ ȏȈȘȍ ȗȘȖȗȍȓȐ ȗȍȚțȝȐ
ǹȒȘȐȗȕțȓȈ ȕȍȏȈȗȍȘȚȈȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ǬȍȕȤ ȕȈȟȕȍȚșȧ șȒȖȘȖ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȠțȔȈ
ǷȘȖȏȊțȟȈȚ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ
Ǻȣ ȔȖȑ ȌȘțȋ ȕȈȑȌȍȠȤ Ȕȍȕȧ țȋȘȦȔȣȔ —
ȇ ȖȌȐȕ țȑȌț ȕȈ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ
ǷȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ șȓȈȡȍ ȕȍȚ ȖȚȘȈȊȣ
ǿȍȔ ȗȍȟȈȓȤ ȏȊȍȕȧȡȈȧ șȚȐȝȖȊ
Ǫșȍ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȣ ȚȖȕȒȐ Ȑ ȓțȒȈȊȣ
Ǫ ȘȐȚȔȍ șȓȖȊ

15
ǵdzǹdzǻȉǷ ȄǰdzȀ — ǻǮDzdzǴDzǮ
ǽȞȖȚȓȠȎ
ȇ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ
ȅȚȖ — ȔȈșȒȈ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ
ǵȈȌȍȎȌȈ — ȕȍȓȦȉȐȔȈȧ ȗȘȐȔȍȚȈ
Ǵȕȍ ȓȐ ȎȌȈȚȤ ț ȔȖȘȧ ȗȖȋȖȌȣ"
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȓȍșȒ ȓțȒȈȊȣȑ ȐȏțȔȘțȌȈ
ǯȈȚȈȐȓ ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȊȓȈșȚȤ
ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȟțȌȖ
ǻȒȘȈșȚȤ"
ǵȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ǩȖȋȈ
ȇ ȌȍȘȏȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȘȣȞȈȘȤ
ǹȈȔ ȕȈȑȌț ȌȖȘȖȋț
Dz șȐȕȍȑ ȕȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȑ ȗȚȐȞȍ
ǿȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ǴȍȟȚȈȔȐ ȐȕȣȔȐ
ǩȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȕȍ șȖȋȘȍȚȖ
Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȒ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘț ǸȐȔȈ
ǰȏțȔȘțȌ ȗȖșȓțȎȐȚ ȓȖȘȕȍȚȖȔ
ǹȐȕȧȧ ȗȚȐȞȈ — Ȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ
Ǵȕȍ ȓȤ ȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȟțȌȈ"
ǽȖȚȧ ȉȣ Ȋ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȖȔ ȖȉȔȈȕȍ
ǰȏțȔȘțȌȈ"

16
CREDO
Ǫ ȘțȒȈȝ ȔȖȐȝ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȘȖȔȈȕ
ǹȓȖȊȕȖ ȓȈȚȣ ȚȊȍȘȌȣ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȣ
ǹȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȧșȍȕ ȖȉȔȈȕ
ǯȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȝȖȟț ȧ șȘȈȏȐȚȤșȧ
ǵȍ ȉȖȐȚșȧ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȣȝ șȚȘȈȕ
DzȖȓȌțȕȖȊ Ȑ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȝ ȘȈȕ
ǿțȌȍșȈȔ ȖȚȌȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȘȣȞȈȘȤ
Ƕȉ ǨȓȤȌȖȕșȍ Ȕȕȍ ȠȍȗȟȍȚ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ
ǹȔȍȦȚșȧ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȘȌȣȔ ǸȖșșȐȕȈȕȚȖȔ.
ǵȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ǪȈȔ ȔȖȍȑ ȏȈȉȖȚȣ
ǵȖ ȕȈ ȉȈȠȕȍ ȗȓȈȟțȚ ȒțȘȈȕȚȣ
ǯȕȈȦ Ȋ șȔȍȝȍ ȈȓȔȈȏȕȣȍ ȕȖȚȣ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȍȏȣ ȟȐȡȍ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȈ
ȇ ȘȣȞȈȘȤ ǷȍȟȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȘȈȏȈ
ǬțȓȤȞȐȕȍȍȑ ȏȖȊțȚ ȔȖȦ ǬȈȔț
ǸȈȌțȋȐ ȧȘȒȐȍ ȗȖȓȖșȣ
ǵȍ ȌȖȝȖȌȧȚ ȌȖ ȚȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȝȘȈȔȈ
ǵȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȖ ȕȍȉȍșȕȖȍ ȗȓȈȔȧ
Ǵȕȍ ȊȍȓȍȕȐȍ ǩȖȎȤȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖșȈ

17
ȇ șȕȖȊȈ ȌțȔȈȓ ȌȖ ȏȈȘȐ
Ƕ ȋȖȘȌȖȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ șȘȈȎȍȕȤȧ
Ǫ ǵȍȊț ȒȈȒ ȊȣȏȖȊ ȜȖȕȈȘȐ
ǹȊȖȐ ȉȘȖșȈȓȐ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȤȧ
ǹȔȍȕȐȓȈșȤ ȊȈȝȚȈ ȕȈ șțȌȈȝ
Ǫ ȕȍȧșȕȖȑ Ȕȋȓȍ ȌȘȍȔȈȓȐ ȏȌȈȕȤȧ..
ǵȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȔȖȐȝ șȓȍȏȈȝ
ǵȈȗȘȈșȕȖȑ șȓȈȌȖșȚȐ ȔȍȟȚȈȕȤȧ
Ǩ ȕȍȉȈ ȏȖȓȖȚȐșȚȣȑ ȒȘȈȑ
ǻȎȍ șȐȧȓ ȏȈȘȍȦ ȕȖȊȖȑ
ǩȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȓȧȧ ȔȖȑ ǫȘȈȈȓȤ
ǷȖȉȍȌȖȕȖșȕȣȑ Ȑ șțȘȖȊȣȑ

18
ȄǰdzȀǻȉdz ǿȀdzǸǹǮ
«Laissez, laissez mon coeur
s’enivrer d’un mensonge»...
Baudelaire

19
ǩȖȘȐșț
Ǫȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȚȈȒ ȔȐȓȣ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ
ǷȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ șȖȊșȍȔ ȌȘțȋȖȑ
ǵȍȎȕȖȑ Ȑ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖȑ
ǶȗțșȒȈȓȐ ȋȓȈȏȒȐ Ǫȣ
ǹȓȖȊȕȖ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐșȚȒȈ ȗȧȚȖȋȖ ȒȓȈșșȈ
ǪȖșȝȐȡȈȓȐșȤ șȓȈȌȖșȚȤȦ ȈȕȈȕȈșȈ
ǩȘȖșȈȓȐ Ȋ ȠȈȔȗȈȕșȒȖȍ ȞȊȍȚȣ
ǰ Ȑȏ ȘȖȏ
DzȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȧ ǪȈȔ ȗȖȌȕȍș
ǷȐȓȐ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȕȈ ©Țȣª

20
ǿǼǻdzȀ
ǴȖȧ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ǪȈȔ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȚȖșȒȓȐȊȖȑ
ǴȖȍ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ȖȚ șȒȈȏȒȐ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ
ǷȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȍȑ țȏȖȘȖȊ ǸȖȒȖȒȖ
DzȈȗȘȐȏȖȊ ǪȈȠȐȝ ȚȖȕȒȐȍ ȖȚȓȐȊȣ
ǮȍȓȈȕȐȧ ȒȈȒ ȥȓȤȜȣ ȗȘȐȝȖȚȓȐȊȣ
ǴȍȟȚȣ șȗȓȍȚȈȦȚșȧ ȉȍșȗȍȟȕȖ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȖ
ǰ Ǫȣ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȉȣȚȤ Manon Lescaut,
ǵȍȊȐȕȕȖ-ȏȓȖȑ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖȑ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȑ
ǵȖ ȍșȓȐ Ǫȣ șȖȋȓȈșȕȣ ȌȖȘȖȋȈȧ
ǪȖȚ ȚȈȒ ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ Ȑ ȔȍȟȚȖȑ ȐȋȘȈȧ
ǴȖȦ ȚȖșȒț ȕȍșȕȖșȕțȦ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚȤ —
ȇ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȟțȌȖȔ
ǪșȍȔ ǪȈȠȐȔ ȌȖȉȘȣȔ Ȑ ȌțȘȕȣȔ ȗȘȐȟțȌȈȔ
ǫȖȚȖȊ ȉȍȏȘȖȗȖȚȕȖ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ șȓțȎȐȚȤ

21
CHINOISERIE
ǻȌȓȐȕȐȓȈ ȉȘȖȊȐ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȒȘȈșȒȖȑ
ǵȈȗȖȐȓȈ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȒȖȠȈȟȤȍȑ ȓȈșȒȖȑ
ǹȐȕȍȍ ȕȈȌȍȓȈ ȒȐȔȖȕȖ
ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȍȊ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ
ǷȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ «ȟȈȑ — ȔȖȍ ȊȐȕȖª
ǰ ȘȍȠȐȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ Ȋ DzȐȚȈȍ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȦ ȟȈȠȒȈ ȏȖȓȖȚȈȧ
ǵȈȘȐșȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȋȘȍȏ
ǻȓȣȉȈȍȚșȧ Ȗ ȘȖȌȐȕȍ ȔȍȟȚȈȧ
ǻ ȕȍȍ Ȋ ȗȘȐȟȍșȒȍ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȘȖȏ
ǷȘȐȚȈȐȓȖșȤ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ ȔȐȔȖȏ
Ǵȣ ȊȌȊȖȍȔ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȍ ȒȈȒ ȌȍȚȐ
ǹȖȟȐȕȧȍȔ ȊȔȍșȚȍ șȒȈȏȒȐ ȥȚȐ
ǵȈșȚȖȧȡȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍȚ
Ǵȣ ȉȈȦȒȈȧ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍȔ ȕȈȠ ȉȘȍȌ
ǯȈȌȊȐȋȈȍȔ ȠȚȖȘȣ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ

22
INTÉRIEUR
ǷȈșȚțȠȖȒ Ȑȏ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȜȈȘȜȖȘȈ
ǪȍșȤ ȗȖȉȓȍȒ
ǯȈȏȊȍȕȐȚ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȑ șȒȖȘȖ
ǺȊȖȑ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ
ǹȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȝȘțȗȖȒ Ȑ ȔȈȕȍȘȍȕ ȗȈșȚțȠȖȒ
ǵȍ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș ȏȈșȚȣȊȠȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ
ȅȚȐȝ ȋȓȈȏ
ǷȈșȚțȠȖȒ ȗȖȗȈȓ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȖȠȐȉȒȖȑ
ǷȈșȚțȠȖȒ șȔȍȍȚșȧ ȕȍ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș
Ǫ ȗȖȓțȚȤȔȍ ȗȍȟȈȓȍȕ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȍȕ
ǷȈșȚțȠȖȒ
Ǭȓȧ ȟȍȋȖ Ȏȍ ȧ ȍȋȖ ȉȍȏȊȖȓȤȕȣȑ
ǺȈȒ ȉȍȘȍȋ"
ǵȖ ș ȚȖȉȖȦ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȘȖȡȈȕȤȧ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒ —
ǸȈȏȖȉȤȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȟȈș ȗȘȖȡȈȕȤȧ ȗȈșȚțȠȖȒ

23
DzǶǮǹǼDZ
©ǪȈȔ ȕȍ ȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ
ǿȚȖ ȧ ȒȘȈȠț ȗȈșȝȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȧȑȞȈ
ǯȈȗȈȟȒȈȓ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔ ȔȈȕȎȍȚȣ"ª
— ǸȣȞȈȘȐ ȏȕȈȦȚ șȈȔȐ
ǿȚȖ ȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ ǬȈȔȍ.
©ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ǬȈȔȈ ȓȦȉȐȚ șȖȕȍȚȣ
ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȧ ȕȍ ȘȣȞȈȘȤ ǪȈȠ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȈȎª
— ǵȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȗȈȎ Ȑȏ șȒȈȏȒȐ
ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȒȘȈșȐȚ ȧȑȞȈ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ǷȈșȝȖȑ
ǺȖ ȉȣȓȈ ǹȚȘȈșȚȕȈȧ ȗȧȚȕȐȞȈ

24
ǽǾǼȇǮǻǶdz
ǯȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȖ ȖȚȖșȓȈȕȖ ȗȐșȤȔȖ
ǪȖȚ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȧȕȚȈȘȕȈȧ ȗȍȟȈȚȤ
ǵȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȎȌȈȚȤ
ǬȖȓȋȖȑ șȚȘȈșȚȐ șȉȘȖȠȍȕȖ ȧȘȔȖ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȐȌȍȓ ȧ ș ȕȍȦ ȊȔȍșȚȍ
ȇ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȍȍ — ȍȡȍ ȊȟȍȘȈ
ǪȍȟȍȘ ȚȐȝ Ǫ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ
ǬțȔȈȓ ȧ Ȗ ȕȍȑ ȒȈȒ Ȗ ȕȍȊȍșȚȍ
ȇ șȔȖȚȘȦ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖ ȕȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ǹȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȋȘȍȏȖȑ ȔȣșȓȤ ȔȖȧ ȗȤȧȕȈ
ǵȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ ȓȐ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȖȕȈ"
ǫȌȍ ȖȕȈ" ǿȚȖ ȌțȔȈȍȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ"
ǬȖȓȋȖȑ șȚȘȈșȚȐ șȉȘȖȠȍȕȖ ȧȘȔȖ
ǸȈȌȖșȚȤ ȎȐȏȕȐ șȚȈȓȈ ȌȈȓȍȒȈ
ǰ șȚȘȈȠȕȍȍ șȓȍȏ ȔȖȧ ȚȖșȒȈ
ȇ ȖȌȐȕ ǶȚȖșȓȈȕȖ ȗȐșȤȔȖ

25
ǰ ǾdzǿȀǼǾǮǻdz
ǰ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȗ șȟȈșȚȤȐ ȔȖȓȧȚ șȒȘȐȗȒȐ
Ǩ ȋțȉȣ șȓȈȌȒȐȑ ȎȎȍȚ ȓȐȒȍȘ
ȇ ș ȏȈȚȈȍȕȕȖȦ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ
ǿțȎȖȑ ȗȖȌșȓțȠȐȊȈȦ șȗȖȘ
ǴȍȟȚȈȕȐȑ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȧȘȒȖ ȗȓȈȔȧ
ǬțȠȈ ȉȍșȗȍȟȕȖ ȋȖȘȧȟȈ
ǰ ȔȣșȓȤ ȖȊȍȧȕȕȈȧ șȕȈȔȐ
ǶșȚȘȍȍ ȏȊȖȕȒȖȋȖ ȔȍȟȈ
ǷțșȒȈȑ ȏȈ șȚȖȓȐȒȖȔ șȖșȍȌȕȐȔ
ǩȍȏțȔȍȞ ȉȍȌȕȣȑ ȐȏȕȍȔȖȋ
ǰ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ șȊȖȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ
ǹȊȖȑ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȑ țȗȘȍȒ
ǷțșȒȈȑ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȖȕȈ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȓȈ
ǭȔț ȉȍȏ ȎȈȓȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ
ǰ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȚȖȓȐȒ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓȈ
ǹȊȖȍ ȊȍȕȟȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȋ șȚȍȕȈȝ șȊȧȚȖȑ ǿȍȘȚȖȏȣ
ǴȖȕȈȝ ȖȉȍȚȣ ȕȈȘțȠȈȓ
Ƕȕ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȧ ȗȘȖ Ȋșȍ țȋȘȖȏȣ
ǯȈ ȎȍȓȚȖȑ ȊȓȈȋȖȑ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȓ

26
ǸǼǻdzȄ
Ǫ ȏȈȓȈȝ țșȕțȊȠȐȝ ȌȊȖȘȞȈ
ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȍȔȕȖ
ǵȍ ȖȚȘȣȊȈȧ ȓȐȞȈ
DzȚȖ-ȚȖ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ
ǩȓȍșȚȐȚ ȘȈșȠȐȚȣȑ ȔțȕȌȐȘ
ȀȗȈȋț șȎȐȔȈȍȚ ȘțȒȈ
Ǫ ȥȜȍșȍ ȒȘțȋȓȣȑ șȈȗȜȐȘ
ǵȍȎȕȍȍ ȞȊȍȚȒȈ
ǵȈȌ țȏȒȖȑ ȉȈȠȕȍȑ ȌȊȖȘȞȈ
ǪȏȊȐȓșȧ ȚȘȈțȘȕȣȑ ȜȓȈȋ
ǹȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒ ȚȈȔ ț ȒȘȣȓȤȞȈ
ǷȖȌȈȓ ȏȕȈȒ
ǹȓȣȠȐȚșȧ ȘȖȗȖȚ șȖȓȌȈȚ
ǵȖȟȤ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȊȍșȚȈ ȉȓȍȌȕȈ
ǪȖȚ ȖȚșȚțȗȈȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ
ǺȖȚ ȒȚȖ șȚȖȧȓ ț ȖȒȕȈ
ȀȍȗȟțȚșȧ Ȋșȍ Ȗȉ ȖȌȕȖȔ
DzȘȐȟȈȚ ȗȘȖ ȊȍșȚȤ ȖȌȕț
©Ƕ ǩȖȎȍ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȌȕȍȔ
DzȖȘȖȓȤ țȉȐȓ Ȏȍȕț!»

27
ǰdzȅdzǾǻdzdz ǾǼǻDzǼ
ǴȍȎ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ șȒȈȓ ȋȌȍ ȗȈȓȍȊȣȍ ȚȍȕȐ
ǵȍȊȍȌȖȔȣȝ Ȑ ȎțȚȒȐȝ ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȑ
ǷȓȍȚțȚ Ȍȓȧ șȚȘȈȕȕȐȒȈ ȚȖȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ
ǪȌȊȖȍȔ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ ȖȘțȎȤȍȔ ȟȍȚȒȐȝ ȜȘȈȏ
Ǵȣ ȕȈ ȏȈȒȈȚȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ șȘȈȎȍȕȤȍ
Ǫȍșȍȓȣȑ ȧȌ ȗȖȓțȏȈȒȘȣȚȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ
ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖȑ ȔȘȈȟȕȖșȚȐ ȓțȒȈȊȖȍ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȤȍ
ǵȖ ȒȚȖ șțȔȍȍȚ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ Ȗ șȔȐȘȍȕȤȐ
ǴȍȎ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ șȒȈȓ"
ǵȈ ȏȈȗȈȌȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȓțȟ țȋȈș
ǺȖ ȏȍȔȓȦ șȖȕȕțȦ ȚȖșȒțȦȡȐȑ ǨȚȓȈș
ǵȐȏȊȍȓ Ȓ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ șțȔȘȈȟȕȖȑ șȚțȗȍȕȐ
ǰ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ șȔȍȕȧȧ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȤȍ
ǯȈȌțȔȟȐȊȣȔȐ ȕȖȟȤ ȏȈșȚȈȓȈ ȕȈș
ǴȍȎ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ șȒȈȓ

28
ǿǾdzDzǻdzǰdzǸǼǰȉǷ ǿǼǻdzȀ
ǹȒȖȘȍȑ ȋȖȕȍȞ ȇ ȏȊȈȕ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȕȈ ȗȐȘ
ǴȍȟȚȖȦ ȌȈȊȕȍȑ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȗȕ ȐȏȔțȟȐȓ
ǵȖ Ȍȓȧ ȊȍșȍȓȐȧ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȔȘȈȟȕȣ ȚțȟȐ
ǰ ȗȖȌ ȋȘȖȏȖȑ șȐȧȍȚ ȔȖȑ șȈȗȜȐȘ
ǹȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȝ ȘȣȞȈȘȍȑ țȊȐȎț ȧ ȚțȘȕȐȘ
ǻșȓȣȠț Ȕȍșșȣ șȚȈȘȣȍ șȖȏȊțȟȤȧ
Ƕ ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ ǰ ȘȧȌȖȔ — ȊșȍȔȖȋțȡȐȑ
ǭȡȍ ȕȍ șȊȍȘȋȕțȚȣȑ ȧȏȣȟȍșȒȐȑ ȒțȔȐȘ
ǹȒȖȘȍȑ ȋȖȕȍȞ ǶȚ ȒȓȧȚȊȣ ȕȍȚ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȈ.
ǷțșȒȈȑ ȊȖ Ȕȋȓȍ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȍ ȓȈȚȣ
ǴȖȓȟȈȚ ǺȍȔȕȣ ȓȈȚȐȕșȒȐȍ ȓȍșȈ
ǵȖ Ȓ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖȑ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍ ȍșȚȤ ȌȖȘȖȋȈ,
ǸȈȏ ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȋȘȖȏȕȣ ȕȍȉȍșȈ
ǰ ȌȈȕ ȖȉȍȚ ȖȉȍȚ ȊȖ ȐȔȧ ǩȖȋȈ

29
ǰ ǼDZǾǮDzdz

30
ǷȖ țȚȘȈȔ șȘȣȊȈȧ ȕȈȘȞȐșșȣ
ǶȕȈ țȓȣȉȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȓȈȌȒȖȑ ȚȖșȒȍ.
ȅȚȖ ȔȖȑ ȌȘțȋ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȈȕȖȕȐșșȈ
ǹ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȟȍȚȒȈȔȐ Ȋ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȘțȒȍ.
Ƕ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȖȕȈ ȔȍȟȚȈȓȈ
ǹȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȝ ȗȧȚȍȕ ȊȐȌȧ ȐȋȘț
«Ǩve Maria», ȚȐȝȖ ȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ
ǷȖȔȕȧ Ȗ Țȍȝ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋ ȔȐȘț
ǰ țȕȖșȐȓȈ ș șȖȉȖȦ ȕȈȘȞȐșșȣ
ǿȚȖȉȣ Ȋ ȖȉȐȚȍȓȐ ȉȣȓȖ șȊȍȚȓȍȑ
ȅȚȖ ȔȖȑ ȌȘțȋ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȈȕȖȕȐșșȈ
ȇ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ȗ ȕȍȑ

31
ǰ ǰǮȆdzǷ ǸǼǺǻǮȀdz
ǸȈșȒȘȣȚȈ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȈȧ ȒȕȐȋȈ
ǰ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȍȌȒȐ
ǵȈ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȓȐșȚȖȟȒȈȝ ȏȈȔȍȚȒȐ
ȇ ȏȕȈȦ Ǫȣ ȓȦȉȐȚȍ ǫȘȐȋȈ
Ǫȣ ȕȖșȐȚȍ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȧ
ǵȖ șȒȖȘȉȕȖ ȟȍȘȕȍȍȚ ǸȈșȗȧȚȤȍ
ǰ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȖȚ ȓȈȌȖȕȕȣȝ ȟȍȚȖȒ
ǷȍȟȈȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȒȘȖȚȖȒ
ȇ ȚȐȝȖ ȗȘȐȕȐȒ Ȓ ȐȏȋȖȓȖȊȤȦ
ǴȍȟȚȖȦ ȔȖȕȈȠȍșȒȐ șȚȘȖȋȖȑ
Ǫȣ ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȈȍȚȍ ǩȖȋȈ
ǰ ȧ ș ȔȖȍȑ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ
ǵȍ ȕțȎȍȕ ǪȈȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȘȖȌȕȈȧ
Ǵȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ ȊșȚȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȍȑȟȈș ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȦ
ǷȘȖ ǪȈȠȍ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȍ ȗȍȕȤȍ

32
ǬȊȍ șȊȍȟȐ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ȗȘȍȌ ȐȒȖȕȖȦ
ǷȘȐȓȖȎȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȚȍȔȕȖȔț ȓȐȒț
ǯȈȓȍȚȈȓ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȕțȦ
ǷȘȧȕȣȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȋȊȖȏȌȐȒȐ
ǻ ȗȘȍșȚȖȓȤȕȖȑ șȒȓȖȕȐȓȈșȤ ȘȍȠȍȚȒȐ
ǯȈȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ ȝțȌȣȍ ȗȓȍȟȐ
dzȐȞȖ ǩȖȋȖȔȈȚȍȘȐ ȒȘȖȚȒȖȑ
ǶȏȈȘȐȓȐ ȏȈȎȎȍȕȕȣȍ șȊȍȟȐ
ǬȊȍ șȊȍȟȐ ȌȊȈ ȏȈȊȍȚȕȣȝ ȔȖȓȍȕȤȧ
ǻ șȚȘȈȕȕȐȞȣ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ
ǯȈ Ȋșȍ șȊȖȐ ȗȘȍȋȘȍȠȍȕȤȧ
ǷȖȔȖȓȐȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ ț ǸȈșȗȧȚȤȧ
Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȍȒȓȖȕȐȓȈșȤ ȕȐȏȒȖ,
ǰ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȊ șȔȐȘȍȕȕȖ ȔȖȓȐȚșȧ
ǯȈ ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȉȓȐȏȒȖȋȖ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔȕȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ǩȖȋȖȘȖȌȐȞȣ

33
ȅȓȍ Ǹ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȚțȠȐȓ ȔȖȦ ȓȈȔȗȈȌȒț
Ƕȕ ȋȘțșȚȤ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȦȦ țȕȍș
©ǴȖȧ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ șȓȍȏ
ǪȍȌȤ ȗȖșȓȍȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȉțȌțȚ șȊȧȚȒȐ!»
ǺȈȒ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȕȈȌȖ ȌȖȔȐȕȖ
DzȘȖȐȚȤ Ȑȏ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȈȚȓȈșȈ"
ǰ șȖȒ ȌțȠȐșȚȣȑ ȈȕȈȕȈșȈ
ǪȓȐȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȉțȘȋțȕȌșȒȖȍ ȊȐȕȖ"
ǰ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȚȤ ©ȗȍȟȈȓȐ ȕȍȚª
ǰ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȚȐȝȐȑ șȊȍȚ ȕȍ ȕțȎȍȕ
Ƕȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȋȖȘȍșȚȐ ȎȍȔȟțȎȐȕ
ǰ Ȋ ȓȈșȒȍ șȚȈȘȣȝ ȈȘȐȥȚȚ
ǴȖȓȐȚȤ Ȗ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȕȖȔ
ǵȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ǹȒȖȘȖ șȊȧȚȒȐ
ȇ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȦ ȓȈȔȗȈȌȒț
ǯȈȎȍȟȤ șțȔȍȦ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ

34
ǭȊȋȍȕȐȦ Ƿ
ǺǮǹdzǻȊǸǮȍ ǽǼȋǺǮ
1.
ǵȈ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȕȖȑ ȜȘȍșȒȍ
ǴȈȌȖȕȕȈ ȗȖȓȕȈ ȗȍȟȈȓȐ
©ȇ ȏȌȍșȤ șȐȕȤȖȘ ǼȘȈȕȟȍșȒȖ
ǯȈȟȍȔ Ǫȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȏȊȈȓȐ"ª
ǻșȚȈ ȍȋȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȕȍȔȣ
Ƕȕ ȗȘȧȟȍȚ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȓȐȞȖ
©ǪȖȏȤȔȐȚȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ ǬȎȍȔȔȈ
ǹȊȖȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȍ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ».
ǾȊȍȚȕȣȍ țȏȖȘȕȣȍ șȚȍȒȓȈ
ǺțșȒȕȍȦȚ Ȋ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȐȑ ȟȈș
ǵȈ ȈȓȚȈȘȍ ȗȖȉȓȍȒȓȖȔ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȓțȟ țȋȈș
ǰ șȚȘȖȋȖ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ǸȈșȗȧȚȣȑ
ǵȈ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȕȖȑ șȚȍȕȍ
©ȇ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ șȚȈȕț ȈȉȉȈȚȖȔ —
ǵȈȌȖ ȏȈȉȣȚȤ ȖȉȖ Ȕȕȍª
2.
ǰ ȊȖȚ Ȗȕ șȕȖȊȈ ȉȓȐȏȖȒ
DzȈȒ ȉȣȓ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȗȐșȒȖȗ
Ǫ ȉȖȋȈȚȖȑ ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȖȌȍȎȌȍ

35
©ǵȈȌȍȑȚȍșȤ ȕȈ ȔȐȓȖșȚȤ ǩȖȋȈª —
ǷȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț șȊȍȚȍȓ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ
ǭȗȐșȒȖȗ ȚȐȝȖ Ȑ șȚȘȖȋȖ
ǺȊȖȘȐȚ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ ȖȉȘȧȌ
©Ƕ padre, șȓȖȊȈ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȣ
ǯȈȋȓȧȕȐȚȍ Ȋ ȔȖȐ ȋȓȈȏȈª
ǷȖ ȒȘȈȦ ȔȈȕȚȐȐ ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ
ǹȒȈȚȐȓȈșȤ ȍȍ șȓȍȏȈ
3.
ǶȒȖȕȟȐȓ Ȕȍșșț ȍȗȐșȒȖȗ
ǯȈȚȐȝȓȐ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ șȊȖȌȣ
ǶȕȈ șȒȓȖȕȐȓȈșȤ ȕȐȏȒȖ
ǶȎȐȌȈȧ ȍȋȖ ț ȊȝȖȌȈ
Ǫ ȔȐȕțȚț ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȗȍȟȈȓȐ
ǬțȠȈ ȗȖ-ȌȍȚșȒȐ ȟțȚȒȈ
ǵȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȊțȈȓȐ
ǶȗțșȚȐȓȈșȤ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒȈ
ǰ Ȋ șȚȘȖȋȖȔ ȔȘȈȒȍ șȖȉȖȘȈ
ǹȓȖȊȈ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȓȍȋȒȐ
©ǰȌȐȚȍ ș ȔȐȘȖȔ șȐȕȤȖȘȈ
ǶȚȗțșȒȈȦ ǪȈȠȐ ȋȘȍȝȐª

ǿțȎȌȣȝ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȚ ȊȍȘȍȕȐȞȈ
ȇ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ ȏȈȘȐ
ǶȚ Ȕȍȕȧ țȠȓȐ ȎȐȊȣȍ ȓȐȞȈ
ǷȖȊȚȖȘȧȧ ȚȐȝȖȍ ©țȔȘȐª
ȇ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓ Ȋ ȋȖȘȌțȦ ȐȏȔȍȕț —
ǶȚȘȍȟȍȕȤȧ șȓȈȌȖȒ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȧȌ
ǵȖ Ȑ Țȣ ȔȖȑ ȦȕȖȠȈ ȕȈȌȔȍȕȕȣȑ
Ǻȣ țȠȍȓ ȔȖȑ ȉȘȈȚ
ǰ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ș ȚȖșȒȖȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖȑ
ȇ șȔȖȚȘȦ ȕȈ ȏȈȗȍȘȚțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ȇ șȖȊșȍȔ ȖȌȐȕ ǹȖȊșȍȔ șȊȖȉȖȌȍȕ ǩȖȎȍ
ǪȍȌȤ ȧ ǺȊȖȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ"

Ƕǵ ǻdzǿǼǯǾǮǻǻǼDZǼ

38
ǽdzǿdzǻǸǮ Ǽ ȀǾdzȃ ǺǼǻǮȃǮȃ
Ƕȕ ȝȪȓȟȩ ©ǸȎȚțȖ ȟȚȓȞȠȖª
ȀȓȐ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȚȘȐ ȔȖȕȈȝȈ
ǰȏ ǸȐȔȈ Ȋ ǷȈȓȍșȚȐȕț
ǶȌȐȕ șȟȐȚȈȓ ȟȍȘȊȖȕȞȣ
ǷȖȌ ȏȊțȒȐ ȔȈȕȌȖȓȐȕȣ
ǬȘțȋȖȑ ȊșȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȈ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ
ǹȔȖȚȘȍȓ ș țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȒȘȖȚȒȖȑ
ǰ ȋȓȈȌȐȓ șȊȖȑ ȒȐȕȎȈȓȤȟȐȒ
ǷȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȧ ȟȍȚȒȐ
Ǩ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȋȖȘȤȒȖ ȗȓȈȒȈȓ
ǬȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȈ
Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȐȏȉȘȈȕȕȐȒ ǩȖȎȐȑ
ǰ șȈȔ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȗȘȖ ȥȚȖ

39
ǵȈȔ ȕȍ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȤ ȏȈȊȍȚȕȖȑ ȓȎȐ
ǰ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ ȗȖȉȍȌȕȖ ȏȕȈȔȧ
ǷȖȒȈ ȟȍȘȕȍȍȚ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȈȔȐ
ǷȖȓȖșȒȈ ȗȈȠȍȕȕȖȑ ȔȍȎȐ
ǰ ȕȈș șȊȧȏȈȓȈ Ȋ ȗȖȓȌȍȕȤ ȎȋțȟȐȑ
ǰȦȓȍȔ ȗȤȧȕȈȧ ȏȍȔȓȧ
ǵȖ ȕȍȋȖȌțȧ Ȑ ȔȖȓȧ
Ǵȣ ȋȘȖȏȖȊȖȑ ȌȖȎȌȍȔșȧ ȚțȟȐ
ǷțșȒȈȑ ȚȍȔȕȣ ȖȚȘȣȊȒȐ șȕȖȊ,
ǰ ȗȘȍȌȘȈșșȊȍȚȕȣȑ ȏȓȐȚșȧ ȊȍȚȍȘ.
ǹ ȚȖȉȖȑ Ȋ ȌȍȘȏȈȦȡȍȔ ȖȉȍȚȍ
ȇ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ țȑȚȐ ȋȖȚȖȊ
1915.

40
ǵǮǰdzȀǻǼdz ǾǼǻDzǼ
ǴȈȋȍ ǺțȔȗȖȊșȒȖȑ.
ǴȖȓȟȈȚȤ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ... ǵȍ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȚȤ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ
ǵȈ șȊȖȑ țȒȖȘ ǵȍ ȏȈȎȐȋȈȧ șȊȍȚȈ
ǹȗțșȚȐȚȤșȧ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ Ȋ ȠȖȚȓȈȕȌșȒȐȑ ȏȈȓ
ǪȌȊȖȍȔ ȕȍȒȖȕȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȤ ȉȈȓ
ǷȖȌ ȋȘțșȚȕȣȑ șȒȘȐȗ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȈȘȒȍȚȈ
ǵȖ șȐȕȐȑ ȔȘȈȒ ȋȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȏȍȘȒȈȓ
<ǰ> ȚȍȔȕȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȈ
Ǵȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȌȖ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȈ
ǴȖȓȟȈȚȤ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ
ȇ Ȗ Țȍȉȍ ȔȖȓȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȔȍȟȚȈȓ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȚȊȖȑ ȌȖȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȧ ȉȖȒȈȓ
ǰ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ ȒȖșȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȈȔțȓȍȚȈ
ǵȍ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȊ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ
ȇ Ȋ ȗȖȞȍȓțȍ șȚȘȖȋȖȔ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ
ǴȖȓȟȈȚȤ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ
1915.

41
ǽǾǼȇǮǹȊǻȉǷ ǿǼǻdzȀ
ǴȈȋȍ Ǻ
Ǵȕȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ țȒȓȖȕȟȐȊȖȑ ȐȋȘȣ
ǰ ȖșȚȘȖȚȣ ȕȍșȉȣȊȠȐȝșȧ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȑ
ǯȔȍȐȕȖȑ ȔțȌȘȖșȚȤȦ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȏȕȈȕȤȧ
ǴȖȐ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȣ ȗȐȘȣ
ǵȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȠȓȍȚ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȍ ȌȈȘȣ
dzțȒȈȊȣȑ ȅȘȖȚ ǵȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȌȈȕȐ —
Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȑ —
ǰȝ ȎȌțȚ Ȑȕȣȍ ȊȣșȠȐȍ ȔȐȘȣ
ǹȒȖȘȍȑ ȊȐȕȖȔ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȒțȉȖȒ
Ǫ ȗȘȍȌșȔȍȘȚȕȣȑ ȟȈș ȚȊȖȐ Ȟȍȓțȧ ȋțȉȣ
ȇ ȕȍ șȒȈȎț ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ «ȗȘȖȡȈȑ».
ǵȈ ȖșȚȘȐȍ ȏȈȊȍȚȕȖȋȖ ȒȐȕȎȈȓȈ
ȇ țȕȍșț ș șȖȉȖȦ Ȋ ȌȈȓȤȕȐȑ ȒȘȈȑ
ǺȊȖȍȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȎȈȓȖ

42
ǻǮ ǻǮǯdzǾdzǴǻǼǷ
Ƕ ȋȘȈȕȐȚȕȣȑ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȉȤȦȚșȧ ȊȖȓȕȣ
ǵȈȌ ǵȍȊȖȦ ȌȘȍȔȓȦȚ ȜȖȕȈȘȐ
ȇ ȕȈ ȔȖȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȖȚȊȍȚ ȉȍȏȔȖȓȊȕȣȑ
ǷȖȓțȟț ȖȚ țȚȘȍȕȕȍȑ ȏȈȘȐ
Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȟȈș șȊȧȚȖȑ ȐȓȐ ȓțȒȈȊȣȑ
ǫȖȘȖȌ șȗȐȚ ǰ ǷȍȚȘ ȕȈ ȒȖȕȍ
ǶȚȌȈȍȚ ȗȘȐȒȈȏ Ȗ ȊȍȟȕȖȑ șȓȈȊȍ
ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋț ȕȖȟȐ Ȑ Ȋȍșȕȍ
Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȟȈș ȝȖȟț ȧ ȊȣȕțȚȤ ȎȘȍȉȐȑ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȎȘȍȞ ț ȈȓȚȈȘȧ
ǩțȌț ȎȌȈȚȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȓȖȔ ȕȍȉȍ
ǯȈȋȖȘȐȚșȧ ȎȍȓȚȈȧ ȏȈȘȧ

43
Ǵȕȍ șȕȐȓȈșȤ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȗțșȚȣȕȧ
ǺȖȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȎȈȘȒȐȑ ȗȍșȖȒ
ǰ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ șȐȕȐȑ
ǵȈȌ șȒțȟȕȖȦ ȗȣȓȤȦ ȌȖȘȖȋ
ȇ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȋ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȔ șȒȐȚȈȕȤȐ
ǵȐ șȓȈȊȣ ȕȐ ȖȚȌȣȝȈ ȕȍȚ
ǵȖ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ ȍșȚȤ ȚȈȑȕȣȑ
ǰ Ȋșȍ ȖȟȐȡȈȦȡȐȑ șȊȍȚ
Ǵȕȍ ȟțȌȐȚșȧ șȖȓȕȞȍȔ șȖȎȎȍȕȕȣȑ
ǪȍȒȈȔȐ ȗȘȖȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȗțȚȤ
ǵȖ ȖȋȕȍȕȕȖ-ȎȍȓȚȣȍ Ȓȓȍȕȣ
ǹȒȈȏȈȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȚȐȝȖ «ȏȈȉțȌȤ».

44
ǾǮǵǹȁǸǮ
ǶȚ ȌȊțȝ șȊȍȟȍȑ ȕȍȘȖȊȍȕ ȎȍȓȚȣȑ ȒȘțȋ
ǻȝȖȌȐȚ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ
Ƕȕ ȊȖȘȖȎȉȖȦ ȋȖȘȤȒȖȦ ȘȈȏȓțȒ
Ǫ ȒȈȓȍȕȌȈȘȍ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȖȔ ȖȚȔȍȟȍȕ
ǵȈȌ ȕȐȔ ȋȘȧȌțȡȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȓȈșȚȍȕ ȟȈș
ǹ ȚȖȉȖȦ ȉȘȈȚ ȗȘȖșȚȐȔșȧ Ȕȣ șțȘȖȊȖ
Ǵȣ țșȚȖȐȔ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ
ǷȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȈȔȐ ȕȍșȒȈȏȈȕȕȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ
Ǫ ȗȣȓȐ Ȑ șȒȖȘȉȐ ȋȖȘȍșȚȕȣȝ ȌȖȘȖȋ
Ǵȣ ȉțȌȍȔ ȗȍȚȤ Ȑ ȗȓȈȒȈȚȤ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖ
ǰ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȓȐȒțȦȡȐȑ ȗȘȖȘȖȒ
Dz ȕȈȔ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ ș ȌȈȓȍȒȖȋȖ ȊȖșȚȖȒȈ

45
ȅȚȖ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ
ǶșȊȍȚȐȓȐ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ șȊȍȟȐ
ǺȘȍȊȖȋț ȓȦȉȐȔȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ
ǶȕȐ ȗȘȖșȐȧȓȐ ȗȘȐ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍ
ǵȖ șȊȍȚ Ȑȝ țȎȍ ȗȖȋȈș
ǰ ȋȈșȕȍȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ —
Ǫ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ

46
ǽǾǼǰǼDzȉ
ǯȈ ȖȉȍȌȕȍȑ ȘȈȕȕȍȦ ȗȘȖșȐȓȐ
ǻ ȏȈșȚțȗȕȐȞȣ ǵȍȉȍșȕȖȑ ȐȏȉȈȊȓȍȕȤȧ
ǴȐȔȖ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ
ǸȈȚȕȐȒȐ ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȖȗȖȓȟȍȕȤȧ
ǶȕȐ ȠȓȐ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȗȍȓȐ
DzȈȒ ȗȖȦȚ ȏȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȍȕșȒȐȔ ȗȓțȋȖȔ
ǰ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ
ǪȣșȖȒȖ Ȋȏȕȍșȍȕȕȣȍ ȝȖȘțȋȊȐ
ǯȈ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȖȑ șȍȘȖȋȖ ȖȚȘȧȌȈ
dzȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȣȍ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȌȍȚȐ
ǩțȌȚȖ ȐȔ ȒȈȒ ȊȏȘȖșȓȣȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȌȖ
ǯȕȈȚȤ ȗȘȖ Ȋșȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȍ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ
ǯȈ ȖȉȍȌȕȍȑ ȘȈȕȕȍȦ ȗȘȖșȐȓȐ
ǻ ȏȈșȚțȗȕȐȞȣ ǵȍȉȍșȕȖȑ ȐȏȉȈȊȓȍȕȤȧ
ǰ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖ ȌȤȧȒȖȕȣ ȒȈȌȐȓȐ
ǷȘȍȌ ȐȒȖȕȖȑ șȊȍȚȓȖȋȖ ǻșȗȍȕȤȧ

47
DzțȘȈȕȚȣ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȉȐȓȐ
Ƕ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȌȤȧȊȖȓ — Ȋ ȈȌț
Dz ȕȍȔț ȏȈ perpetuum mobile
ȇ ȗȖȑȌț
ǵȈ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȉțȔȈȋȍ ȐȌȍȧ
ǯȈȔȒȕțȓȈ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȘțȋ
Ǵȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȤȍ
Ƕȋȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȘțȒ
ǴȖȑ ȋȖȓȖș șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȋȓțȠȍ
ǹȐȓȤȕȍȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ
ȇ ȘȈȏțȔ Ȑ ȊȖȓȦ Ȑ ȌțȠț
ǬȈȘțȦ Țȍȉȍ ǹȈȚȈȕȈ
DzțȘȈȕȚȣ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȖ ȗȘȖȉȐȓȐ
ǬȕȍȊȕȖȑ ȊȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ șȊȍȚ
ǹȗȈșȐȚȍ Perpetuum mobile
ǰ ǬȤȧȊȖȓȈ ȕȍȚ

48
ǹǮȀǶǻǿǸǶdz ȍǺǯȉ
1.
ǵȈȌ ȔȐȘȖȔ ȗȘȈȊȍȌȕȖȑ ȚȖșȒȖȦ
ǷȘȖȠȓȐ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȕȣȍ ȊȍȒȈ
ǵȖ ȔȖȍȔț ȉȓȐȏȒȈ ȗȖȒȖȦ
ǰȝ ȕȍȕȈșȣȚȕȈȧ ȚȖșȒȈ
ǶȕȈ Ȋ ȔȖȕȈȠȍșȒȖȔ ȖȉȍȚȍ
ǰ ȕȈ ȈȗȖșȚȖȓȤșȒȖȔ ȟȍȓȍ
ǭȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȣ Ȑ ȌȍȚȐ
ǶȉȘțȟȍȕȣ Ȋ ǹȊȧȚȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ
ǭȑ Ȏȍȋ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȐȕȒȊȐȏȐȚȖȘ
ǹȊȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ ȒȖșȚȍȘ
ǶȕȈ Ȋ ȞȊȍȚȕȣȝ ȒȈȔȍȕȤȧȝ ȔȐȚȘȣ
ǪȖȠȓȈ Ȋ ȋȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ șȖȉȖȘ
Ǫ șȚȖȓȐȞȍ ȔȐȘȈ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȏȈȗȈȌ
ǪȖȏȌȊȐȋȕțȓ Ȋȍȟȕȣȑ ȍȑ ȗȘȍșȚȖȓ
ǿȚȖȉ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ǫȖșȗȖȌȕȦ ǸȐȔșȒȐȑ ȗȈȗȈ
Ǫ ȏȍȔȕȖȍ ȞȈȘșȚȊȐȍ ȕȐȏȊȍȓ.
2.
Ǫ ȕȍȎȌȈȕȕȖȔ ȔȐȘȍ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȤȧ
ǬțȠȈ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȈȧ ȟȐșȚȈ
ȇ ȔțȌȘȣȑ ȝȖȓȖȌ ȖȚȘȍȟȍȕȤȧ
DzȓȈȌț Ȓ ȗȖȌȕȖȎȐȦ DzȘȍșȚȈ
ǷțșȒȈȑ ȊșȚțȗȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȉȘȈȚȈ
ǪȍȌȍȚ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȊȐȋ ȉȘȈȚ șȍȌȖȑ —
ǷȖȑȌț ȒȈȒ ȔȈȋȐ ȠȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ
ǯȈ ǪȐȜȓȍȍȔșȒȖȦ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȑ

49
ǯȈ ȔȕȖȑ ȏȍȔȕțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȐ
ǴȖȑ ȝȓȈȌȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐ ȖȉȍȚ
ȇ ȉțȌț ȊȍȘȍȕ ǩȖȓȤȠȍȑ șȐȓȣ
ǰ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȑ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ ȕȍȚ
3.
ǵȖ Ȋ ȕȖȊȖȔ ȉȘȈȚȍ șȊȍȚȓȖȑ ȊȍȘȣ
ǵȍ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚ ȗȘȍșȚȈȘȍȓȣȑ ȉȘȈȚ
Ƕ ǴȈȚȍȘȤ ǩȖȎȐȧ ǽȐȔȍȘȣ
ǺȊȖȦ ȖȉȐȚȍȓȤ șȚȖȘȖȎȈȚ
Ǫ ȋȘȈȕȐȚȕȣȝ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȝ șȖȉȖȘȈ
ǶȕȐ ȕȈȌ ȦȌȖȓȤȦ ȏȍȔȕȖȑ
ǹȚȖȧȚ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȒȖȕȟȐȚ șȗȖȘȈ
ǹȊȧȚȈȧ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤ ș ǹȈȚȈȕȖȑ
ǶȚȕȣȕȍ ȧ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȎȍ ǩȖȎȤȍȑ
ǩȓȦȌț ȋȘȧȌțȡȐȍ ȊȍȒȈ
ǰ șȣȕȖȊȍȑ ǫȖșȗȖȌȕȐȝ șȚȘȖȎȍ
ǭȋȖ ȗȖȔȈȏȈȕȕȣȑ șȓțȋȈ

50
Ǵȣ ȊȍȘȕȖșȚȤȦ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȔț ȒȘȈȦ
ǪșȒȖȘȔȐȓȐ ȕȈȠț ȗȍȟȈȓȤ
Ǻȣ ȗȖȔȕȐȠȤ Ȕȣ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ
ǹ ȚȖȉȖȦ Ȋ ǹȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȑ ǫȘȈȈȓȤ
ǺȈȔ Ȓ ȕȈȔ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ șȈȘȈȞȐȕȣ
ǮȐȚȍȓȐ ȊȘȈȎȍșȒȐȝ șȚȘȈȕ
Ǵȣ ȖȉȈ țȏȕȈȓȐ ȋȖȘȌȣȕȦ
ǵȐȒȍȔ ȕȍȐȏȊȍȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȘȈȕ
ǩȣȊȈȍȚ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ
ǶȚ ȘȈȕ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȝ ȉȖȓȤȕȍȑ
Ǵȣ — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȌȍȚȐ
ǯȈȉȣȚȣȝ ȏȍȔȓȍȦ Țȍȕȍȑ

51
Ƕȕ ȟȠȖȣȜȠȐȜȞȓțȖȭ
©ǺǼǻǼǹǼDZª
Ǫșȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȔȖȧ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȑ ȌȐȈȓȖȋ
ȇ Ȑ ǶȕȖ ȇ — ȋȖȓȖș ǺȖ — ȔȖȓȟȈȕȤȍ
ǿȤȍ ȐȔȧ ȝȈȖș ȒȖșȔȖș ȐȓȐ ȉȖȋ
ȇ Ȑ ǶȕȖ ǵȍȚ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȈȔȐ ȋȘȈȕȐ
ǰ ȊȘȈȋ ȊȘȈȋȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȍȊȖȏȔȖȟȤ
Ǫ ȚȈȒțȦ ȊȖȚ ȕȍȐșȚȖȊțȦ ȕȖȟȤ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȈ ȒȖȘȟȐȚșȧ ȖȚ ȉȖȓȐ
Ǫ ȒȘțȎȍȕȐȐ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊ Ȑ ȓȍȚ
ȇ ȚȍȚȐȊȣ ȕȍțȋȖȔȖȕȕȖȑ ȊȖȓȐ
ǹȚȘȍȓț șȗțșȒȈȦ

ǽȞȖșȜȔȓțȖȭ

53
ǯǮǹȊȀǮǵǮǾ ǽȁǹȊ
Ǫ ȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ — ȒȈȒȐȔ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣȔ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȗȖȚȖȔ —
ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘ ǩȍȘȚȘȈȕ Ȍ
ǶȚȘȥȊ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ȌțȘȕȖȔ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍ-
ȕȐȐ ȌțȝȈ ǷȘȐȕȧȊ ȓȍȌȧȕȖȑ ȌțȠ Ȑ țșȍȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȍ ȒȘȍ-
șȓȖ ț ȖȒȕȈ Ȗȕ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓ ǰȓȐȈȌț ǵȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȖ
șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓ ȗȖ șȚȘȖȒȈȔ, Ȉ ȔȣșȓȤ ȌȘȍȔȈȓȈ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ șȚȐȝȐ ȗȖ-
ȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȖȋȖ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȧ Ƕȕ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ
ȕȈ ȕȍȉȖ Ȑ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȐșȒȘȐȊȐȓ ȋțȉȣ ȍȋȖ ȉȍȏȌȖȕȕȈȧ ȋȓțȉȐȕȈ ȗȘȖ-
ȐȏȊȖȌȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȈȦȡȍȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ǿȍȑ-ȚȖ ȕȍ-
ȋȘȖȔȒȐȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔțȏȣȒȈȓȤȕȣȑ șȊȐșȚ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒ ȍȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ
Ƕȕ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȖȒȕț ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȈȓ ȋȘȖȔȈȌ-
ȕțȦ ȕȤȦȜȈțȕȌȓȍȕȌșȒțȦ șȖȉȈȒț șȚȘȍȓȖȑ ȔȟȈȊȠțȦșȧ ȗȖ țȓȐ-
Ȟȍ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ț ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȖȚȍȓȧ ȌµǨȔȉȓȍȊȐȓȍȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒȈ Ȋ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȖȔ ȒȈȔȏȖȓȍ Ȑ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȍȘȤȧȔȐ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓ-
Ȓȍ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȍȍ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ ǹȖȉȈȒȈ ȓȍȋȓȈ ț ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋ ǻȓȣȉȈȧșȤ
Ȗȕ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ șȕȧȓ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȒț Ȉ ȓȍȊțȦ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖ-
Ȋț șȖȉȈȒȐ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȖșȚȖȧȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȑ ȕȍ ȌȊȐȋȈȧșȤ
Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠ șȖȉȖȑ ǺȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȊȐȚȣȍ ȉȍȓȖȒț-
Șȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȖȚȓȐȊȈȓȐ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȔ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȖ
ȚȍȔȕȣȑ Ȑ ȧȘȒȐȑ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȒȖȊȣȊȈȓ ȊȕȐ-
ȔȈȕȐȍ ȘȖȏȖȊȈȚȣȍ ȡȍȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍȎȕȣ ȒȈȒ ț ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȗțȕȞȖ-
Ȋȣȍ ȋțȉȣ ȐȏȋȐȉȈȓȐșȤ ȒȈȗȘȐȏȕȖ Ȑ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖ șȚȈȕ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȕȖȒ
Ȑ șȚȘȖȍȕ ȘțȒȐ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȍȘșȚȕȧȔȐ ȊșȧȒȈȧ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ș țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈ ȉȣ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ
ǵȖ ȔȍȎȌț ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘȖȔ ǩȍȘȚȘȈȕȖȔ ȌµǶȚȘȥȊ Ȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈȔȐ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȔȈȓȖ ȖȉȡȍȋȖ
— ǷȈȘȐș — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ Ȗȕ
Ǫ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȔȐȋ ȗȈȓȒȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȗȕ ȖȗȐȘȈȓșȧ ȊȣșȒȖȓȤȏ-
ȕțȓȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ Ȑ ș ȠțȔȖȔ ȗȖȒȈȚȐȓȈșȤ ȗȖ ȗȈȘȒȍȚț ǷȘȐ-
ȝȘȈȔȣȊȈȧ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȍȍ Ȑ ȗȖȊȐȕțȧșȤ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȚȈȑȕȖȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȝȖȚȐ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȖȒȕț ǹȒțȟȈȦȡȍ-ȉȘȍȏȋȓȐȊȣȑ ȊȏȖȘ ȍȋȖ
ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓșȧ ș ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȔ ȊȏȖȘȖȔ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȞȈ
DzȈȊȈȓȍȘ ǩȍȘȚȘȈȕ Ȍ
ǶȚȘȥȊ ȉȣȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȒȘȈșȐȊ ǿȍȚȣȘȍȝ-
țȋȖȓȤȕȈȧ ȗȘȍȎȌȍȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȖȉȓȣșȍȊȠȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȍȋȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ
țȗȐȘȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȍ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȚȣȍ ȗȓȍȟȐ ȒȘȦȟȒȖȊȈȚȣȑ

54
ȕȖș ȧȊȕȖ șȚȘȍȔȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȗȖȌȉȖȘȖȌȒț ȚȖȕȒȐȍ șțȝȐȍ ȋțȉȣ ȉȍșȗȖ-
ȒȖȑȕȖ ȒȘȐȊȐȓȐșȤ ȔȍȎ ȌȊțȝ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȝ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȤȕȣȝ ȔȖȘȡȐȕ
ȋȓȈȏ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȑ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ
țȗȖȘȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍȌȖȉȘȖȎȍȓȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȋ ȚȖȟ-
ȕȖșȚȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȖȚȟȈșȚȐ ȒȈȒ ȊȣȠȍ ȉȣȓȖ țȒȈȏȈȕȖ ȗȖ
ȗȘȐȟȐȕȈȔ ȟȐșȚȖ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȔ ȖȚȟȈșȚȐ Ȏȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȍȊȐȌȐ-
Ȕȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘȈ ȌµǶȚȘȥȊ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȓ Ȋ șȔțȡȍȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ șȖ-
ȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒȖȊ
ǵȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȍ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ șȊȖȐȝ ȏȖȓȖ-
Țȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ
— ǫȈșȗȈȘ — ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȗȖȏȊȈȓ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘ Ȍ
ǶȚȘȥȊ ȖȚȊȖȘȈȟȐ-
ȊȈȧșȤ
ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȚȖȡȐȑ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȤ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȖȚȒȓȐȒȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ
ȍȋȖ ȏȖȊ DzȈȊȈȓȍȘ Ȍ
ǶȚȘȥȊ ȚȒȕțȓ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ Ȓ
ȖȒȕț
— ǫȈșȗȈȘ ȒȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ"
— ǪȐȒȖȕȚ ǩȍȘȚȘȈȕ Ȍ
ǨȔȉȓȍȊȐȓȤ șțȌȈȘȤ Ƕȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ
ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑȏ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ
DzȈȊȈȓȍȘ Ȍ
ǶȚȘȥȊ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȎȍșȚ ȖȏȕȈ-
ȟȈȊȠȐȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȍȔț ȗȖȌȈȓȐ Ƞȓȧȗț DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȊȐ-
ȒȖȕȚ Ȍ
ǨȔȉȓȍȊȐȓȤ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ șȚȖȧȓ ț ȌȊȍȘȍȑ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȍȓȧ ǷȘȐ-
ȝȘȈȔȣȊȈȧ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘ Ȍ
ǶȚȘȥȊ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȔȐȔȖ ȍȋȖ ǪȐȒȖȕȚ țȓȣ-
ȉȈȧșȤ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȍȔț ȊșȓȍȌ
«ǺȍȘșȐȚ» — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȘȖȚȧȎ-
ȕȖ șȊȐșȚȕțȓ ǺȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ Ȑȏ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȖȚȍȓȧ ȊȣȠȍȓ șȚȈȚȕȣȑ șȓț-
ȋȈ Ȋ ȉȓȍȌȕȖ-ȋȖȓțȉȖȑ ȓȐȊȘȍȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ ȍȋȖ ȚȐȝȖȕȤȒȖ
ȊȖȘȟȈȡȍȋȖ ȗșȈ
— DzȚȖ ȥȚȖ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȊȐȒȖȕȚ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȝȓȣșȚȖȔ Ȋ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȕț țȌȈȓȧȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘȈ
— DzȈȊȈȓȍȘ ǩȍȘȚȘȈȕ Ȍ
ǶȚȘȥȊ șțȌȈȘȤ
ǪȐȒȖȕȚ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȌȖȔ
ǪȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ Ȍȕȧ ȖȕȐ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐșȤ șȕȖȊȈ Ȋ șȈȓȖȕȍ
ȋȖșȗȖȎȐ Ȍȍ ǴȖȕȚȍșșȖȕ ǷȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȊ ȘțȒț ȝȖȏȧȑȒȐ ȌȖȔȈ ȊȐ-
ȒȖȕȚ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȕȖȔț ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘț ȚȘȖȐȝ
ȔțȎȟȐȕ ȖȒȘțȎȈȊȠȐȝ ȍȍ ȘȍȟȤ ȠȓȈ Ȗ șȒȈȕȌȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȊȣȉȖȘȈȝ
ȋȘȈȜȈ ǴȐȘȈȉȖ
— Ƕȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȊȐȒȖȕȚ — ȕȖ ȧ ȘȈȌ
ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȕȍ ȖȚ ȌȊȖȘȧȕșȚȊȈ ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȋȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȥȒșȚ-

55
ȘȈȊȈȋȈȕȚȕȈȧ ȔȐȔȐȒȈ
Ǫșȍ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓȐșȤ ǵȍ ȌȖȋȈȌȣȊȈȧșȤ Ȗ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȈȝ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȔȍ-
ȝȈ ȊȐȒȖȕȚ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȐȓȤȕțȦ ȌȖșȈȌț Ȑ țȎȍ șȌȊȐȕțȓ ȉȘȖ-
ȊȐ ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ Ȍȍ ǴȖȕȚȍșșȖȕ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓȈ șȔȍȧȚȤșȧ Ȑ
șȓȍȋȒȈ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȘțȒȈȊ
— ǴȐȓȣȑ ȊȐȒȖȕȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ȕȍ șȍȘȌȐȚȍșȤ ȕȈ ȕȈș
ȕȈȔ șȚȈȓȖ ȊȍșȍȓȖ, ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ Ȍ'ǶȚȘȥȊ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ
ȊȣșȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗ ȋȘȈȜȍ ǴȐȘȈȉȖ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ Ȑ Ȋȣ ǵȖ ǩȖȎȍ
ȔȖȑ ȊȍȌȤ Ȋȣ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȣ DzȈȊȈȓȍȘ Ȍ
ǶȚȘȥȊ ǪȐȒȖȕȚ ȌµǨȔ-
ȉȓȍȊȐȓȤ
ǰ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȐȒȖȕȚ Ȑ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘ ȕȍ ȊȏȌțȔȈ-
ȓȐ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȚȤșȧ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȔ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȖȔ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ Ȍȍ ǴȖȕȚȍș-
șȖȕ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȖȚȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȕȐȝ Ȑ șȒȓȖȕȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌ ȚȖȕȍȕȤ-
ȒȖȑ ȚȍȚȘȈȌȒȖȑ șȚȐȝȖȊ ȖȕȈ ȟȐȚȈȓȈ ȊȗȖȓȋȖȓȖșȈ șȚȐȝȐ Ȑ ȘȖȏȖ-
ȊȣȔ ȗȈȓȤȟȐȒȖȔ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈ ȕȈ Țȍ ȔȍșȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȍȑ ȖșȖȉȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȕȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȋȖșȚȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȣșȒȈȏȣȊȈȊȠȐȍ șțȎȌȍȕȐȧ
Ȗ ȋȘȈȜȍ ǴȐȘȈȉȖ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗ șȚȈȕșȈȝ Ȑ ȥȒȓȖȋȈȝ
ǪȐȒȖȕȚ Ȑ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘ ȔȖȓȟȈ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȈ
«ǺȍȘșȐȚ», — ȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȊȐȒȖȕȚ Ȑ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ,
ȚȖȎȍ ȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐȊȍȚȓȐȊȖ Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖ ȒȈȒ
ȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȘȣȋȈȓȐ ȎȐȊȣȍ
Ȑ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȣȍ ȐșȒȖȘȒȐ Ƕȕ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘ ȗȖ-
ȝȖȎ ȕȈ ǺȍȘșȐȚȈ Ȑ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȕȈ ȌțȠȍ ț ȕȍ-
ȋȖ ș ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȔȐȕțȚȖȑ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ Ȋșȍ ȓȍȋȟȍ Ȑ Ȋȍșȍȓȍȍ
«ǷȈȘȐș», — ȌțȔȈȓ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘ ȎȈȓȍȧ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȓȐȟȐȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȏ-
ȊȖȓȧȦȚ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȖȌȒȘȍȗȐȚȤ ȥȚț ȔȣșȓȤ șȈȘȒȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ țș-
ȔȍȠȒȖȑ ǰ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȗȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ
ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȍ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖȍ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȚȈȒȖȍ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒȖȍ Ȗȕ ȐșȗȣȚȈȓ Ȋ ȚȖȚ țȎȍ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ
Ȗȕ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȖȚȏȊțȒ șȊȖȐȝ ȌțȔ Ȋ ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȕȣȝ ȚȊȖȘȍ-
ȕȐȧȝ ȜȍȘȕȍȑșȒȖȋȖ ȖȚȠȍȓȤȕȐȒȈ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȚȤ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ
ǪȐȒȖȕȚ Ȍ
ǨȔȉȓȍȊȐȓȤ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ
— dzȦȉȍȏȕȣȑ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘ ȗȖȊȍȘȤȚȍ ȧ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȍȕ șȓțȟȈȦ
șȚȖȓȒȕțȊȠȍȔț Ȕȍȕȧ ș ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ șȚȖȓȤ ȐȏȖȡȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ țȔȈ
ǷȘȖȔȖȓȊȐȊ ȥȚȐ șȓȖȊȈ Ȗȕ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ
— ȇ ȚȖȎȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȍȕ ȍȔț ȊȐȒȖȕȚ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘ țș-
ȔȍȝȈȧșȤ

56
ǶȕȐ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȊ Ȗ ǴȐȘȈȉȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȖȍȌȐ-
ȕȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȒȘțȎȒț ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȊȠȍȔțșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȝȖȏȧȑȒȐ ȌȖȔȈ
ǪȐȒȖȕȚ ȕȈȠȍȓ șȚȐȝȐ ȐȏȧȡȕȣȔȐ ȕȖ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȏȈȒȘțȋ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ DzȈȊȈȓȍȘ șȖȉȐȘȈȊȠȐȑșȧ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȚȖ Ȏȍ șȈȔȖȍ șȍȘ-
ȌȐȚȖ ȊșȒȐȕțȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǯȈ țȎȐȕȖȔ ȖȕȐ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȘȧȌȖȔ
Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓȐ ȗȖșȓȍ țȎȐȕȈ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ Ȍȓȧ șȈȔȐȝ șȍȉȧ
ȖȟțȚȐȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȠȈȝȔȈȚȕȣȔ șȚȖȓȐȒȖȔ Ȑ șȣȋȘȈȓȐ ȌȊȍ ȗȈȘȚȐȐ Ȋ
ȠȈȝȔȈȚȣ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȘȈșȗȘȖȡȈȓȐșȤ ș ȋȖșȗȖȎȖȦ
Ȍȍ ǴȖȕȚȍșșȖȕ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȌȖȔȖȑ
— ǯȕȈȍȚȍ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȣȑ ȊȐȒȖȕȚ — țȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘ Ȍ
ǶȚȘȥȊ
ȝȔțȘȧșȤ Ȑ Țȍșȕȍȍ ȏȈȗȈȝȐȊȈȧ șȊȖȑ țȏȒȐȑ ȗȓȈȡ — ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȊȐ-
ȒȖȕȚ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȈȧ ȗȖȋȖȌȈ
— ǬȈ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȊȐȒȖȕȚ ȔȧȋȒȖ Ȑ șȗțșȚȧ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȑ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓ «DzȈȒȐȍ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ DzȈȒȐȍ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ»
ǷȖȋȖȌȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȍȘȈȧ Ȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ ȚțșȒȓȖ ǵȖ ǩȍȘȚȘȈȕ
Ȍ
ǶȚȘȥȊ Ȑ ǩȍȘȚȘȈȕ Ȍ
ǨȔȉȓȍȊȐȓȤ șȚȈȓȐ ș ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȕȍȘȈȏȓțȟ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȌȘțȏȤȧȔȐ
_____
ǴȍȎȌț ȕȐȔȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȈȓȖ ȖȉȡȍȋȖ ǪȒțșȣ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȐ ȔȈȕȍ-
ȘȈ ȖȌȍȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȔȈȕȍȘȈ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ — Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȖ DzȈ-
ȊȈȓȍȘ Ȍ
ǶȚȘȥȊ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȝȍȘȍș ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȋȖȓȓȈȕȌșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȒȘȖȧ
ȒȘȍȗȒȐȑ ȚȈȉȈȒ Ȑ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȖ ȊȐȒȖȕȚ Ȍ
ǨȔȉȓȍȊȐȓȤ —ȠȈȔ-
ȗȈȕșȒȖȍ ȞȊȍȚȕȖȑ ȠȍȓȒ Ȑ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ȌȈȔ ǶȌȐȕ ȉȣȓ ȔȘȈȟȍȕ Ȑ
șȓȍȋȒȈ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȍȕ ȌȘțȋȖȑ — Ȋȍșȍȓ Ȑ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȓȍȋȒȖȔȣșȓȍ-
ȕȍȕ ȖȌȐȕ ȖȉȖ ȊșȍȔ ȋȘțșȚȐȓ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȊșȍȔț ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ ǵȐȒ-
ȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȖȕȐ ȌȘțȎȕȣ ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȌȘțȎȉȈ ȒȈȒ Ȑ
ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȟȈșȚȖ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȑ
ǶȕȐ ȊȐȌȍȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ ǷȘȖșȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȒȈ-
ȊȈȓȍȘ ȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖ ȎȌȈȓ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎ-
ȕȣȝ ȖȒȕȈȝ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ ȗȖȘȚȤȍȘȣ ȊȐȒȖȕȚ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȊșȚȈȚȤ ȗȖ-
ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ǶȕȐ ȋțȓȧȓȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȖȉȍȌȈȓȐ ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȉȍȌȈ ȊȐ-
ȒȖȕȚ țȝȖȌȐȓ Ȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȑ Ȉ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘ șȈȌȐȓșȧ ȏȈ
ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȣȑ șȚȖȓ Ȗȕ ȗȐșȈȓ ȔȍȔțȈȘȣ
 ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȖȕȐ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȍȦ ȟȈșȚȤȦ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȧȝ Ȑ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓȐșȤ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȗȍ-

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ȠȒȖȔ ȉȍșȍȌțȧ Ȗ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧȝ Ȍȕȧ Ȑ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ Ȗ
șȊȖȐȝ Ȕȣșȓȧȝ
Ǫ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ șȊȍȚșȒȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑ ȓȦȉȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȐȐ ȖȕȐ
ȌțȔȈȓȐ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȉȖ ȊșȍȔ ǵȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓȈ
Ȑȝ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȈ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȡȐȍ ȊȣȉȖȘȣ Ȋ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȠȚȈȚȣ
ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ Ȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȐȔ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȑ ǬȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȍȍ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȖșȚȤ
ȖȕȐ ș ȖȉȓȍȋȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȚȊȍȘȌȐȓȐ ©ȅȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȍ șȒȖȘȖ» ǹȗȖȒȖȑ-
șȚȊȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȐȔ ȌȖȘȖȎȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ ǵȖ ȖȕȐ ș țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚ-
ȊȐȍȔ ȌțȔȈȓȐ Ȗ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȣșȖȒȖȋȖ Ȕȕȍ-
ȕȐȧ Ȗ șȍȉȍ Ȑ șȟȐȚȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊ-
ȓȧȦȚ ȍȍ șȍȉȍ ȖȠȐȉȖȟȕȖ ȖȕȐ ȏȕȈȦȚ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ Ȗ ȕȍȑ Ȋșȍ
ǰȔ ȔȍȘȍȡȐȓȐșȤ ȏȈȓȐȚȣȍ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȥȠȈȜȖȚȣ ȗȐȒȐ ș ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȠțȔȕȖȍ Ȑ ȉȍșșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȉȍȠȍȕșȚ-
ȊȖ ȚȖȓȗȣ ȉțȘȕȣȍ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ ȘȍȟȐ ȖȚȘȣȊȐșȚȣȍ șȉȐȊȟȐȊȣȍ
țȘȖȌȓȐȊȣȍ ȕȈȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț Ȑȏ șȓȖȊ ȕȈȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț Ȑȏ ȎȍșȚȖȊ
— Ȑ șȓȖȊȈ ȗțșȚȣȍ Ȑ ȎȍșȚȣ ȕȍȓȍȗȣȍ ǩȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȐȍ ȋȘȧȌțȡȍȋȖ
ȊȣȏȣȊȈȓȖ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȍ ȚȖȠȕȖȚȣ
— ȅȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȍ șȒȖȘȖ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȣȑ ȊȐȒȖȕȚ
— ǫȈȓȈȕȚȕȖșȚȤ țȞȍȓȍȍȚ, — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȊȐȒȖȕȚ ȡțȘȧ șȊȖȐ
ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ — ȋȈȓȈȕȚȕȖșȚȤ țȞȍȓȍȍȚ ȕȖ
Ƕȕ ȕȈȉȘȈșȣȊȈȓ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț ȖȘȋȐȑ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȖȚȖȒȐ ȊȐȕȈ
șȔȍȠȈȦȚșȧ ș ȗȖȚȖȒȈȔȐ ȒȘȖȊȐ Ȑ țȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȗȖȊȚȖ-
ȘȧȚ ȊȖșȝȐȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȖȏȣ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȔȈȘȒȐȏ — ȚȧȎȍȓțȦ ȋȘț-
ȉțȦ ȗȈȘȖȌȐȦ ȕȈ ȐȏȧȡȕȍȑȠȍȍ
— ǻȔ țȞȍȓȍȍȚ ȚȖȎȍ — ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖ ȊȚȖȘȐȓ ȍȔț Ȍ
ǶȚȘȥȊ
— ȕȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ țȔ
Ƕȕ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓ șȍȉȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ ș ȝȘȐȗȓȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ș ȐșȒȈ-
ȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȖȚ șȚȘȈșȚȐ ȓȐȞȈȔȐ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȍȔț ȥȚȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȓȖȊ-
ȒȖ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ ȔȣșȓȧȔȐ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ș țȎȈșȖȔ ȊșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȥȚț Ȑȋ-
Șț Ȑ ȉȓȍȌȕȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȐșȒțșȕȣȑ ȕȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȟȍșȚȐȊȣȑ ȎȖȕȋȓȍȘ ȉȓȍȌ-
ȕȍȓ ȉȣ ȗȘȐ ȊȐȌȍ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȤșȒȐȝ ȜȖȒțșȖȊ ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȕȈȧ ȐȋȘȈ
ǯȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ ȐȌȍȐ șȗȓȍȚțȚșȧ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ ȒȖȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȏȈȒȖȕ
ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȐ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȈȘțȠȍȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȔȍȘȣ ȗȘȐȚțȗȐȚșȧ ȧșȕȣȍ
ȘȍȟȐ șȔȖȓȒȕțȚ ȚȖȕȒȈȧ țșȔȍȠȒȈ ȏȈȔȘȍȚ ȕȈ țșȚȈȝ — Ȗ ȍșȓȐ
ȉȣ ȉȍȏȔȖȓȊȐȍ ǵȖ ȕȍȚ ǻȎȈșȕȣȑ ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȑ ȉȘȍȌ ȗȖșȓȣȠȐȚ-
șȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖȔ ȉȘȍȌț ȗȘȖȏȊțȟȐȚ Ȋșȍ Ȗ ȟȍȔ Ȕȣ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȔ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȚȈȒ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȌȍȓȈȊ țșȐȓȐȍ ȕȈȌ șȖ-

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ȉȖȦ Ȕȣ ȊȖȏȊȣșȐȔ ȋȖȓȖș ȕȈ Țȍȝ ȘȖȎȈȝ ȗȖȧȊȐȚșȧ ȐșȒȘȐȊ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȖșȒȈȓ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȖȚȠȈȚȕȍȔșȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ țȏȘȍȍȔ Ȋ ȕȍȔ
ȕȈȠȐ țȓȣȉȒȐ
— DzȈȊȈȓȍȘ ȥȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȍ șȒȖȘȖ
ǫȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȑ ȗȍș ȊȐȒȖȕȚȈ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȓȈȧȓ ȠȈȓȧ Ȗȕ ȌȍȓȈȓ
ȊȐȌ ȟȚȖ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȚȍȕȤ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȍȔț ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ
ȏȊȍȘȍȔ DzȈȊȈȓȍȘ șȚțȟȈȓ ȗȈȓȒȖȑ Ȗ ȔȖșȚȖȊțȦ
— ǺțȉȖ ǷȓțȚȖȕ ȚțȉȖ
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ǬȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȝȖȎȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ
ǵȖ ȓȦȉȧȡȐȔ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȚ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȖȊȖȍ.
ǬȘțȎȉȈ ȊȐȒȖȕȚȈ Ȑ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘȈ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȋșȍ Țȍșȕȍȍ
ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȖȕȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗ ȕȍȑ ȠțȚȓȐȊȖ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȒȈȒ ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȓȐ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ Ȗ ȊșȧȒȖȔ ȟțȊșȚȊȍ ȕȖ ȔȈȓȖ-ȗȖȔȈȓț ȚȖȕ Ȑȝ Ȑȏ-
ȔȍȕȐȓșȧ ǷȖȌȈȊȓȧȧ șȔțȡȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȊȚȈȑȕȍ ȘȈȌțȧșȤ ȍȔț ȖȕȐ ȗȖ-
ȊȍȘȧȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȓȐȠȤ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȗȖȌȌȈȍȚșȧ ȖȉȣȒ-
ȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȧȔ ǰ ȝȖȚȧ ȧȏȣȒ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȒț-
Ȍȍȕ ȐȔ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ șȓȖȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȖȕȐ ȖȉȔȍȕȐȊȈȦȚșȧ
șȊȍȎȍȍ ȊȍșȍȕȕȐȝ ȘȖȏ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȉȍȌȈ ȊȐȒȖȕȚ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȍȍ ȖȉȣȒȕȖ-
ȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ
Ƕȕ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȓ ȉȈȝȘȖȔț șȒȈȚȍȘ-
ȚȐ, Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘ ȖȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȖȔ Ȑȏ
ȌȍȓȐȒȈȚȕȖșȚȐ ȗȍȘȍȓȐșȚȣȊȈȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȣȠȍȌȠțȦ ȉȘȖȠȦ-
Șț ǪȐȒȖȕȚ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ DzȈȊȈȓȍȘ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț
— ǯȕȈȍȚȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȊȐȒȖȕȚ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘ Ȕȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ ȐȌȚȐ ȚțȌȈ
«ǺțȌȈ» ȏȕȈȟȐȓȖ — Ȓ ȕȍȑ
DzȈȊȈȓȍȘ Ȍ
ǶȚȘȥȊ ȖȚȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ǪȐȒȖȕȚ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȖȒȕț ǶȕȐ
ȌȖȓȋȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ ǩȍȏȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȈȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȚȖȔȐȓȈ Ȑȝ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ
ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘ ȚȘȖȕțȓ ȊȐȒȖȕȚȈ ȏȈ ȘțȒț
— ȇ ȚȖȎȍ — ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ Ȗȕ, — ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȕȍȚ ȖȌȕȐȔ șȓȖ-
ȊȖȔ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȌȖȍȓȖ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ ȔȍȔțȈȘȈȔȐ
Ƕȕ ȟȈșȚȖ ȏȈȔȖȘȋȈȓ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ǵȍ ȊȓȈȌȍȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ șȖȉȖȑ ȊȐ-
ȒȖȕȚ Ȍ
ǨȔȉȓȍȊȐȓȤ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȘȈȏȘȣȌȈȓșȧ ǹȔȍȧșȤ Ȑ ȗȓȈȟȈ ȖȕȐ

59
Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȏȈ Ȑȝ ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȖ
 ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈ-
ȓȐșȤ
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ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ — ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȧ ǪȌȘțȋ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȌȒȘȈȌȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ș ȋȘȖȏȕȖȑ ȔȍȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤȦ ȖȗȣȚ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȝȐȡȕȐȒȈ DzȈȊȈȓȍȘ Ȍ
ǶȚȘȥȊ Ȑ ȊȐȒȖȕȚ ȌµǨȔȉȓȍȊȐȓȤ ȍȌȊȈ
ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ ȍȍ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ǸȍȊ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȐȔ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǰ
ȖȕȐ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ Ȑȝ
ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȕȈ ȗȐȒȈȝ Ȑ Țȍșȕȣȍ ȗȖȓȟȐȡȈ ȚȖȓ-
ȗȣ Ȑ ȊȖȎȌȍȑ ȍȍ ȓȐȓȖșȤ ȊȐȕȖ ȓȐȓȈșȤ ȒȘȖȊȤ Ȋ ȋȘȧȏȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ
țȓȐȟȕȣȔȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈȔȐ șȒȓȖȕȧȓȐ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȉȍȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ ȍȡȍ
ȊȟȍȘȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ ȊșȦȌț ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȏȊȍ-
ȘȐȕȖȍ ȟțȎȌȖȍ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȐȔ șȚȘȈȠȕȍȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȑ ȔțȒ —
ȊșȦȌț ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ șȚȘȈșȚȤ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȘțȗȣ ȗȖȊȍȠȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈ
ȜȖȕȈȘȧȝ ȈȘȐșȚȖȒȘȈȚȖȊ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣ
DzȈȊȈȓȍȘ Ȑ ȊȐȒȖȕȚ ȕȍ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓȐ șȚȘȈȝȈ ǪȌȊȖȍȔ ȉȍȏ ȖȘț-
ȎȐȧ ȖȕȐ Ȋ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȍ ȟȈșȣ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȓȐ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȐ Ȋ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȍ
ȟȈșȣ ȖȉȍȌȈȓȐ Ȑ Ȋ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȍ ȟȈșȣ ȓȖȎȐȓȐșȤ șȗȈȚȤ ǵȖ șȟȈ-
șȚȤȦ Ȑȝ ȕȈșȚȈȓ ȒȖȕȍȞ ǶȔȍȘȏȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȍȔț ș ȒȈȎȌȣȔ
ȟȈșȖȔ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȍȍ DzȈȊȈȓȍȘ Ȍ
ǶȚȘȥȊ ȟȈșȚȖ ȗȖ-
ȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȓțȟȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȤ ǼȘȈȕ-
ȞȐȦ Ȑ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȝ ǸȍȑȕȈ ȖȎȐȌȈȚȤ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ
ȗȘȍȎȕȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ǪȐȒȖȕȚ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȓ ȟȚȖ țȍȏȎȈȚȤ ȕȍ șȚȖȐȚ Ȗȕ Ȍț-
ȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȍ ȌȕȐ șȒȖȘȖ ȊȍȘȕțȚșȧ
DzȈȊȈȓȍȘ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȍ
— ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ ȊȈȔ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ"
ǰ Ȗȕ țȒȈȏȈȓ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȕȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȋ ȜȘȐȋȐȑșȒȖȔ ȒȖȓ-
ȗȈȒȍ ș ȓȐȞȖȔ ȖȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȖșȗȖȑ ǶșȗȈ ȕȍȏȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ
ȚȍȔ șȊȐȘȍȗșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȊȖ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȖȚȔȍȚȐȓȈ șȊȖȐȔ
ȒȓȍȑȔȖȔ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȖșȚȘȈȌȈȓȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȋȖ șȖșȓȖȊȐȧ
— ǵȈ ȥȚȖ" — ȗȍȘȍșȗȘȖșȐȓ ȊȐȒȖȕȚ — Ƕ ȕȍȚ ȌȘțȋ ȔȖȑ
ȕȍȚ Ǵȕȍ ȎȈȓȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Țȍȝ ȔȍșȚ ȋȌȍ ȧ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ șȚȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȓȍȚ
ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓ ș ȊȈȔȐ
DzȈȊȈȓȍȘț ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȎȍ ȎȈȓȤ Ȑȝ ǶȕȐ ȠȓȐ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ǩ «ȥȚȖ»
— ȧȒȖȉȐȕȍȞ ș ȐȏȘȣȚȣȔ ȉȍȓȖ-ȎȍȓȚȣȔȐ ȗȧȚȕȈȔȐ ȓȐȞȖȔ — ȝȔț-

60
ȘȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȐȔ ȊșȓȍȌ
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ǰ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȖȕȐ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ țȍȝȈȚȤ ȅȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȟȍ-
ȚȣȘȍ ȋȖȌȈ ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǩȈȘȍȘ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓ ș ȚȘȐȉțȕȣ DzȖȔȐȚȍȚȈ ǶȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ǹȗȈșȍȕȐȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȌȊȖȘȧȕȍ — ȐȏȔȍȕȕȐȒȐ Ȋ ȏȈȘȖȌȣȠȍ Ȑ
ȗȖȚȖȔț ȗȖȌȓȍȎȈȚ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȍȕȐȦ ȅȚȈ ȜȘȈȏȈ ȏȈȚȍȘȧȊȠȈȧșȧ
șȘȍȌȐ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȜȘȈȏ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȕȐȓȈ ȟȈȠț
Ȑȝ ȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȧ ȅȠȈȜȖȚ — ȗȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ ȜȖȕȈȘȤ — ȖȕȐ ȗȖȎȐȔȈ-
ȓȐ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ ȋȐȓȤȖȚȐȕȈ — ȗțșȚȤ ȕȖ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȅȚȖȋȖ
ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȊȣȕȍșȚȐ Dz ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȈ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓȈ Ȑȝ
ȖȚȍȓȐ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȌȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍȔ ǰȔ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȊȣȉȐ-
ȘȈȚȤ ȔȍȎȌț ȥȔȐȋȘȈȞȐȍȑ Ȑ ȚȦȘȤȔȖȑ ǶȕȐ ȊȣȉȘȈȓȐ ȥȔȐȋȘȈ-
ȞȐȦ ǷȤȍȘ ȉȣȊȠȐȑ ȓȈȒȍȑ ȊȐȒȖȕȚȈ ȗȖȔȖȋ ȐȔ Ƕȕ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓ
șȊȖȍȋȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ ȕȖ, țȏȕȈȊ ȟȚȖ
ȍȔț ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȚțȋȖ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐȦȚȐȓ ț șȍȉȧ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȒȈȊȈ-
ȓȍȘȈ ȕȖ Ȑ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓ Ȑȝ ș ȚȍȔȐ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ
ȗȖȔȖȟȤ ȐȔ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ
ǵȈȒȈȕțȕȍ țȘȖȟȕȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȊȐȒȖȕȚ Ȍ
ǨȔȉȓȍȊȐȓȤ Ȑ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘ
Ȍ
ǶȚȘȥȊ ȔȖȓȟȈ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ Ȑȏ ȖȒȕȈ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȔȈȕșȈȘȌȣ ȕȈ ȏȈ-
șȣȗȈȦȡȐȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȚȐȝ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ șȗȖȒȖȍȕ ǶȋȕȐ ȗȖ-
șȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ țȋȈșȈȓȐ ǬȕȍȊȕȖȑ ȠțȔ șȔȍȕȧȓșȧ ȕȍȧșȕȣȔ Ȑ țȔȐ-
ȘȖȚȊȖȘȧȦȡȐȔ ȒȈȒ ȒȖȓȣȉȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȗȍșȕȧ ȋțȓȖȔ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȌȈ Ȑ ȚȖ ȋȓțȝȖ Ȑ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȉȍȘȍȎȕȖ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖ ȋȘȖȔȣȝȈȓȐ ȒȈ-
ȘȍȚȣ
— Ǵȣ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȉțȌȍȔ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȊȐȒȖȕȚ DzȈȊȈȓȍȘ
ȉȍȏȔȖȓȊȕȖ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȍȔț ȘțȒț
ǹȊȖȉȖȌȕȣ ȅȚȈ ȔȣșȓȤ ȊȣȏȊȈȓȈ ț ȕȐȝ ȓȍȋȒȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍȉȐȍ-
ȕȐȍ ǹȊȖȉȖȌȈ Ƕ ȕȍ ȚȈ ȕȍ ȚȈ ǵȍ șȊȖȉȖȌȈ ȘȈȊȍȕșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȉȘȈȚ-
șȚȊȖ ȕȍ ȋȓțȗȣȍ ȗȖȓȖșȣ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȚȘȍȝȞȊȍȚȕȖȋȖ ȜȓȈȋȈ Ȉ ȌȘț-
ȋȈȧ ȔȐȓȈȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȈȧ ȒȍȔ-ȚȖ ȐȏȊȍȒȈ ȗȖȌȈȘȍȕȕȈȧ DzȍȔ"
— ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘ Ȍ
ǶȚȘȥȊ — ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ
ȒȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ
ǬȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ
ǷȘȖȊȖȌȕȐȒ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȝțȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȤȖȓȍ ȕȈȖȚ-

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Șȍȏ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȊȏȧȚȤ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȌȊȖȐȝ șȘȈȏț ǷȍȘȊȣȔ țȍȝȈȓ ȒȈȊȈ-
ȓȍȘ ǪȐȒȖȕȚ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ Ȋ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȐȍ
ȌȕȐ Ȑ ȘȈȏȣșȒȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȋ DzȖȉȓȍȕȞȍ
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ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȊȐȒȖȕȚȈ ȔțȟȐȓȖ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖȍ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȍ Ƕȕ ȕȍ
ȔȖȋ ȕȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȍȔț ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ — șȒȖȘȍȍ ȉȣȚȤ ș
ȌȘțȋȖȔ DzȖȋȌȈ ǷȤȍȘ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ ȊșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ țșȐȓȐȊȠȍ-
ȋȖșȧ ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȌȏȖȘȈ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȗȖȌȖȎȌȈȚȤ ș ȉȍȋșȚ-
ȊȖȔ Ȗȕ ȊȗȈȓ Ȋ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȤȍ Ȑ Ȟȍȓȣȍ șțȚȒȐ ȗȘȖȓȍȎȈȓ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ
ȍȌȊȈ șȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȧ șȓȍȏȣ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȑ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȕȕȣȑ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ șȚȈȓ ȉȍșȞȍȓȤȕȖ șȓȖȕȧȚȤșȧ ȗȖ ȔȈȕșȈȘȌȍ ǺȈȒ ȗȘȖȠȓȈ ȕȍ-
Ȍȍȓȧ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȕȈȧ ȎȐȊȖșȚȤ ȊȐȒȖȕȚȈ ȖȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ ȊȍȘȝ
ȕȈȌ ȋȖȘȍȔ Ǫ ȖȌȐȕ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȗȕ șȖ șȚȣȌȖȔ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓ-
șȧ șȍȉȍ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȖ șȒțȟȕȖ
Ǩ ȌȍȕȤ ȉȣȓ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȍȕ ǶȗȈȓȖȊȖȍ ȕȍȉȖ ȕȍ-
ȎȕȖ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȍȓȖ ȕȈȌ ǷȈȘȐȎȍȔ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȖșȍȕȕȐȍ ȓȐșȚȤȧ ȚȐȝȖ
ȒȘțȎȐȓȐșȤ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȊȈȚȣȑ ȉȓȍșȒ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȖșȚȘȖ Ȋȍșȍ-
ȓȐȓ ȌțȠț ǶȗțșȚȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȘȧȟȈșȤ ȖȚ ȒȖ-
ȋȖ-ȚȖ ȊȐȒȖȕȚ ȕȈȒȐȕțȓ ȗȓȈȡ ȕȈȌȍȓ Ƞȓȧȗț Ȋȏȧȓ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȚȘȖșȚȤ
Ȑ ȊȣȠȍȓ ǸȍȏȒȐȑ Ȑ ȟȐșȚȣȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ șȘȈȏț ȖșȊȍȎȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ƕȕ ȕȍ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȗȕ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȖȘȈȊȓȐ-
ȊȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȘȖȊȕȖȑ ȗȖȝȖȌȒȍ ȝȘȖȔȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘȈ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ
Ƞȍȓ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȁȍȒȐ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșȒȘȈșȕȍȓȐșȤ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȏȈȗȣȓȈȓȐ Ȗȕ
ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȒțȌȈ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȍȋȖ șțȌȤȉȈ Ȑ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȚȖȘȖȗȐȓșȧ
ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȍȑ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ șȓțȟȈȓȖșȤ ș ȕȐȔ Ȋ ȉȣ-
ȓȣȍ ȌȕȐ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȐȏȊȍȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȋȖ
ǰ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ — ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȊȈȘ-
ȚȈȓȖȊ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȈȧ ȎȍȕșȒȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȒȈ ȗȖȧȊȐȊȠȈȧșȧ Ȋ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȖȒȖȕ ȗȘȐȒȖȊȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȔȐȔȖ
ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȒȈ țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ șȌȍȓȈȓ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȠȈȋȖȊ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ șȕȖȊȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ Șțȟ-
ȒȈ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȗȖȔȈȕȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ǭȡȍ ȖȌȕȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȤȍ
— Ȑ Ȗȕ ș ȏȈȔȐȘȈȦȡȐȔ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȖȊ ȊȐȒȖȕȚ, ȗȖșȊȐșȚȣȊȈȧ, ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ

62
ȌȖȔȖȑ ǷȓțȚȖȕ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ǹȒțȒȐ — ȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȉȣ-
ȊȈȓȖ
ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȋ ȗȧȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ Ȗȕ șȐȌȍȓ ȏȈ șȚȖȓȐȒȖȔ
ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȒȈȜȍ Ȑ ȖȎȐȌȈȧ șȊȖȦ ȊȟȍȘȈȠȕȦȦ
ȗȖȌȘțȋț ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓ ȓȐȞȈ șȊȖȐȝ șȖșȍȌȍȑ ǴȕȖ-
ȋȐȍ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȕȖșȐȓȐ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȤȖȓȣ Ȑ ȜȘȐȋȐȑșȒȐȍ ȒȖȓȗȈȒȐ Ȗȕ
ȗȘȐȒȘȣȓșȧ ©ǬȘțȋȖȔ ȕȈȘȖȌȈª Ȑ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȚȖȔț Ȗ ȟȍȔ
ȖȕȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ
DzȈȏȕȐ ǭȊȘȖȗȈ ȒȖȕȊȍȕȚ ȈȘȐșȚȖȒȘȈȚȐȧ ȌȈ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȔ
ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ, ȖȕȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ǵȖ ȊȐȒȖȕȚ ȕȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ
ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐ țȎȈșȈ ȕȐ ȖȚȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ ǺȍȔȈ Ȑȝ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ ȌȈȎȍ
ȔȈȓȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ
©DzȈȒª Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȘȐȔȖ ȊȈȎȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ
©ȟȚȖª Ǩ ȖȕȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ
ȌțȔȈȓȐ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔȐ ȔȣșȓȧȔȐ ǪȗȍȘȍȔȍȠȒț ș șȖȉȣȚȐȧȔȐ Ȍȕȧ
ȧȒȖȉȐȕȞȣ șȣȗȈȓȐ ȖșȚȘȖȚȈȔȐ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȓȐ șȗȓȍȚȕȐ ȞȐȚȐ-
ȘȖȊȈȓȐ șȚȐȝȐ ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȊȐȒȖȕȚț
«ǷȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ-ȒȈ Ȕȕȍ ȋȈȏȍȚț ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȐȕ». — «ǷȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ ȋȘȈȎ-
ȌȈȕȐȕ», — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȊȐȒȖȕȚ țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ
Ƕȕ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȓ ȥȚȖ șȓȖȊȖ ǶȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȍȔț
ȊȌȘțȋ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȏȈȉȈȊȕȣȔ Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȘțȟȒȈ
Ȋ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȉȍȏțȒȖȘȐȏȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȍȘȟȈȚȒȍ ȓȍȋȓȈ ȍȔț ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȖ
ǺȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȘțȋȈ
ǷȘȐ ȊȐȌȍ ȍȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȏȧȊȠȐȑ ȋȈȏȍ-
Țț ț ȊȐȒȖȕȚȈ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȈȓ Ȋ ȓȈȌȖȠȐ
— ǬȐȈȕȈ Țȣ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ"
ǬȐȈȕȈ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓȈșȤ ȊȣȗȐȓȈ șȚȈȒȈȕ ȊȐȕȈ Ȑ țȌȖȉȕȖ ȘȈș-
ȗȖȓȖȎȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ ȊȐȒȖȕȚȈ șȚȈȓȈ ȉȖȓȚȈȚȤ Ȑ ș ȕȐȔ Ȑ
ș ȍȋȖ șȖșȍȌȧȔȐ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ǸȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȗȖȕȍȊȖȓȍ șȌȍȓȈȓșȧ
ȖȉȡȐȔ ǪȐȒȖȕȚ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȎȐȊȍȑȠȍȍ țȟȈșȚȐȍ ǭȔț ȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȐȋȘȈȍȚ ȘȖȓȤ Ȋ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȐȒȈȕȚȕȖȑ ȐȔȗȘȖȊȐȏȐ-
ȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȍȌȐȐ
ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, șȓțȋȈ ȗȖȌȈȓ ȓȐșȚȖȒ-ȊȖȏȏȊȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȈȊ-
Ƞȍȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȊȍȘȕȣȝ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕ Ȓ ȖȉȖȘȖȕȍ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȍ-
ȟȍșȚȊȈ ǺȈȒȐȍ ȊȖȏȏȊȈȕȐȧ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȟȈșȚȖ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ
ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȚȤ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ șȐȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ ǵȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ
ȓȦȌȐ ȊȣȗȐȓȐ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȐȕȈ ȐȔ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȡȍȋȖȓȤ-
ȕțȚȤ ȒȘȈșȕȖȘȍȟȐȍȔ ǶȕȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȖȘȈȚȖȘșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ «ǹȒȈȎȐ Ȑ

63
Țȣ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ», — ȠȍȗȕțȓȈ ǬȐȈȕȈ ȊȐȒȖȕȚț
ǶȌȕȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȤȍ Ȗȕ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȓșȧ Ǩȝ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ DzȈȒ ȚȘțȌȕȖ
ȉȖȘȖȚȤșȧ ș ȐșȒțȠȍȕȐȍȔ
Ƕȕ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖșȚȖȧȚȤ Ȏȍ-
ȓȈȕȐȦ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ǬȈ Ȑ ȕȍȎȌȈȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍ-
ȕȐȍ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ ȍȋȖ ǰȋȘȈ — ȚȈȒ ȐȋȘȈ Ƕȕ ȊșȚȈȓ
— ǬȖȘȖȋȐȍ ȉȘȈȚȤȧ
DzȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗȕ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȋ ȒȈȜȍ ȊȖȞȈȘȐȓȈșȤ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ
ǸȈșșȟȐȚȈȕȕȖ ȚȊȍȘȌȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȈȧ ȖșȈȕȒȈ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ
ȖȋȖȕȤ ȍȋȖ ȊȏȖȘȈ Ȋșȍ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȒȖȊȣȊȈȓȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ǰș-
ȚȈșȒȈȕȕȖȍ ȗȖ ȗȈȘȐȎșȒȐȔ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȧȔ ȒȘȈșȕȖȘȍȟȐȍ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ
țȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓȖșȤ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȋ Ȑȏȧȡȕȣȍ șȒȓȈȌȒȐ ȈȕȚȐȟȕȖȑ ȚȖȋȐ
ǼȘȈȏȣ ȚȍȒȓȐ ȗȓȈȊȕȖ ȓȖȋȐȟȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȊȐ-
ȒȖȕȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȕȍȋȘȖȔȒȖ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȕȈ ȚȘȍȚȐ șȊȖȍȑ ȘȍȟȐ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȗȖȊȣșȐȓ ȋȖȓȖș Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȗȘȈ-
ȊțȦ ȘțȒț ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȖȉțȘȍȊȈȍȔȣȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȈȔȐ ș ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȣȔȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȐȓȐ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ șȖȊȓȈȌȈȚȤ ȖȚȒȐȕțȓ ȗȓȈȡ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ șȓțȠȈȚȍȓȐ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȐ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȋȖ-
ȓȖșȍ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȉțȘȕȣȝ Ȑ șȚȖȓȤ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȎȍșȚȈȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈ-
ȒȖȍ ȊȓȈșȚȕȖȍ ȖȌțȠȍȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ Ȑȏ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȖȊȈȊ-
ȠȐȝ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȖȡțȡȈȚȤ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȊșȚȈȚȤ Ȑ ȐȌȚȐ ȚțȌȈ ȋȌȍ ȘȈȏ-
ȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȖȘțȎȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȓȖ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ Șȍșȗțȉ-
ȓȐȒȐ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȊȐȒȖȕȚ ȒȖȕȟȐȓ Ȋșȍ ȖȒȘțȎȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ǷȘȐȊȍȚȓȐȊȖ
ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȧ ȗȖȏȌȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȗȕ șȔțȚȕȖ șȘȈȊȕȐȊȈȓ ȥȚȐ ȠțȔȕȣȍ
ȗȖȝȊȈȓȣ ș ȚȖȕȒȐȔȐ Ȑ șȌȍȘȎȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȖȌȖȉȘȍȕȐȧȔȐ șȈȓȖȕȖȊ
ǰ ȖȚȚȖȋȖ ȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȚȡȍșȓȈȊȐȍ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȌȘțȋȐȔ
ȗȘȐȟȐȕȈȔ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ Ȋ ȗȖȓȤȏț ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ
ǺȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȏȈ ȐȋȘț șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ ȔȈȓȖ-
ȗȖȔȈȓț ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤȦ Ƕȕ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȎȈȓ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȚȣȍ ȍȔț
ȘțȒȐ Ȑ țȓȣȉȈȓșȧ Ȋșȍ șȍȘȌȍȟȕȍȍ
— DzȚȖ Țȣ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȐȕ"
ǪȖȗȘȖș ȏȈșȚȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȊȘȈșȗȓȖȝ ǵȖ ȔȣșȓȤ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȈ ȚȈȒ ȎȐ-
ȊȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ șȔțȚȐȓșȧ
— ȇ ȊȐȒȖȕȚ ȌµǨȔȉȓȍȊȐȓȤ — ȏȈȧȊȐȓ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȚȖȕȖȔ ȟȚȖ
Ȋșȍ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓȐșȤ DzȖȋȌȈ șȔȍȝ țȚȐȝ Ȗȕ șȍȓ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȐȒ Ȑ ȗȘȐȝȓȍ-
ȉȣȊȈȧ ȊȐȕȖ șȚȈȓ șȖȟȐȕȧȚȤ Ȋșȓțȝ
Ƕȕ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȒȖȕȚ Ȍ
ǨȔȉȓȍȊȐȓȤ Ȉ ȔȖȓȖȟȕȣȑ ȉȘȈȚ

ȍȋȖ ǹȈȔ ȊȐȒȖȕȚ ȥȚȈȒȐȑ ȕȍȋȖȌȧȑ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐ-
Ȟț ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȊȠȐșȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȈșȗȖȘȚȖȔ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȊȐȊ ȍȔț șȖȉșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ǰ ȊȖȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍȋȖȌȧȑ șȚȘȖȐȚ ȒȖȏȕȐ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐ-
ȒȐ Ȉ Ȗȕ ȒȓȍȘȒ ǩȈȓȤȚȈȏȈȘ ǷțȓȤ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȊȣȗțȚȈȚȤșȧ Ȑȏ
ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ șȊȖȐ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ǩȍȋȓȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȊ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȔȖȓȖ-
ȌȖȑ ȧȒȖȉȐȕȍȞ ȗȖȝȓȖȗȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȗȓȍȟț
— ǵȍ țȕȣȊȈȑ ǩȈȓȤȚȈȏȈȘ Ȕȣ șȍȑȟȈș țșȚȘȖȐȔ ȥȚȖ
ǰ, ȊȏȧȊ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒț ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ
— ǷȖȑȌȍȔ
ǪȐȒȖȕȚ ȗȖȗȘȖȡȈȓșȧ ș ǬȐȈȕȖȑ Ȑ ȕȖȊȣȔȐ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȌȘț-
ȏȤȧȔȐ șȋȖȊȖȘȐȊȠȐșȤ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤșȧ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ șȓȍȌțȦ-
ȡȍȋȖ Ȍȕȧ dzțȐ-ǮȈȒ ȚȈȒ ȏȊȈȓȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȧȒȖȉȐȕȞȈ
 ȐșȗȖȓ-
ȕȐȓ șȊȖȍ ȖȉȍȡȈȕȐȍ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ ȟȈșȈ ț ȊȐȒȖȕȚȈ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȕȍ-
ȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȍ ȉțȔȈȋȐ Ȑ ȖșȖȉȈȧ ȘȍȒȖȔȍȕȌȈȞȐȧ ȗȖȌȗȐșȈȕȕȈȧ ȕȍ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȐȔȐ ȟȓȍȕȈȔȐ ȧȒȖȉȐȕșȒȖȋȖ ȒȓțȉȈ ȖȕȈ ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȖ
ȖȚȏȣȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȗ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȣȝ ȚȈȓȈȕȚȈȝ ǩȈȓȤȚȈȏȈȘȈ Ƿțȓȧ.
ǸțȒȈ ȊȐȒȖȕȚȈ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȈ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȟȐȚȈȓ ȍȍ dzțȐ-ǮȈȒ,
ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȊȠȐȑ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ș ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈ ȎȐȊȍȑȠțȦ șȐȔ-
ȗȈȚȐȦ șȐȧȓ ȖȚ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈ
— ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ǩȈȓȤȚȈȏȈȘ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ
— DzȓȧȕțșȤ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȔ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȈ Țȣ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȗȖȑ-
ȌȍȠȤ
DzȈȒ ȊȖ șȕȍ ȊȐȒȖȕȚ ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȈȓșȧ ȍȔț DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ
Ȗȟȕțȓșȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȋȓțȉȖȒȈȧ ȕȖȟȤ dzțȐ-ǮȈȒ ȓȍȎȈȊȠȐȑ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș
ȕȐȔ ȚȐȝȖȕȤȒȖ ȗȖȝȘȈȗȣȊȈȓ ©DzȈȒȖȍ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗ-
ȚȈȓ ȊȐȒȖȕȚ — ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ, ȧ șȗȓȦ"ª Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȘțȒț Ȓ
ȕȖȟȕȐȒț Ȑ ȒȖșȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ Ȗȋȕȧ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȖȚȌȍȘȕțȓ
ȍȍ ǩȈȓȤȚȈȏȈȘ ǷțȓȤ Ƕȕ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ «DzȈȒ țȌȐȊȐȚșȧ
ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘ» ǵȈ ȔȐȋ ȚȖșȒȈ Ȗ ȌȘțȋȍ ȊȒȘȈȓȈșȤ ȍȔț Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǵȖ
ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ ȔȐȕțȊȠȍȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȘȈȏȖȋȕȈȓȐ ȍȍ ǩȈȓȤȚȈ-
ȏȈȘ ǷțȓȤ ǬȐȈȕȈ dzțȐ-ǮȈȒ ǿțȎȌȣȍ ȖȉȘȈȏȣ ȚȍșȕȖ ȖȉșȚț-
ȗȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ƕȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȔ ȊȍșȍȓȣȔ.
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ — Ȋșȍ șȗțȚȈȓȖșȤ Ƕȕ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȏȈșȕțȓ
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— ǵȈȘȖȌ ȗȘȈȏȌȕțȍȚ ȉȘȈȟȕȣȑ șȖȦȏ șȊȖȑ ș ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȑ
ȉȖȋȐȕȍȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ ǸȈȏțȔ ȌȍȘȎȐȚ ȊȍȕȍȞ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔȐ Ƕ ǩȈȓȤ-
ȚȈȏȈȘ ȌȘțȋ ȔȖȑ Țȍȉȍ țȋȖȚȖȊȈȕȖ ȓȖȎȍ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȐȘț — «ǬȘțȋ
ȔȖȑ"» — ȌțȔȈȓ ȊȐȒȖȕȚ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȧȧ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȋ ȏȕȈȒ
ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖșȚȐ «ǬȘțȋ"» Ǩ dzțȐ-ǮȈȒ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ — ǷȖȌțȔȈȑ
ǩȈȓȤȚȈȏȈȘ ȒȈȒ ȗțșȚȈ Ȑ ȐȋȘțȠȍȟȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ǶȕȈ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈȔȐ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ șȊȖȍȔ ȚȘȈȋȐ-
ȟȍșȒȖȔ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȐ Ȉȝ ȒȓȧȕțșȤ ȋȍȘȖȐ ȌȘȍȊȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖȚȘȧșȈȦȚ
ǶȓȐȔȗ ȒȘȐȒȈȔȐ ȏȈȊȐșȚȐ ȐȉȖ ȋȍȘȖȐ ȕȈȠȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ
«DzȈȒȖȑ ȊȏȌȖȘ», — ȌțȔȈȓ ȊȐȒȖȕȚ ȌȍȓȈȧ ȊȐȌ ȟȚȖ șȖȟțȊșȚ-
ȊțȍȚ șȓȖȊȈȔ dzțȐ-ǮȈȒȈ dzțȐ-ǮȈȒ țȌȈȘȐȓ ȒțȓȈȒȖȔ ȗȖ șȚȖȓț
— Dz Ȍȍȓț ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ǩȈȓȤȚȈȏȈȘ ǰȌȐ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȦ
«ǩȍȎȈȚȤ». ȅȚȈ ȔȣșȓȤ șȊȍȘȒȕțȓȈ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȊȐȒȖȕȚȈ Ȑ ȚȖȚ-
ȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȖȋȈșȓȈ «DzțȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ"» — șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ Ȗȕ
șȍȉȧ ș ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ ǶȕȐ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ Ȓ ȌȊțȝȥȚȈȎȕȖȔț ȌȖȔț
ȊȖȏȓȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȚȖȓȗȐȓȈșȤ ȒțȟȒȈ șȖȓȌȈȚ Ȑ ȧȒȖȉȐȕȞȍȊ dzțȐ-
ǮȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȊ ȟȈșȖȊȣȔ Ȑ ȊȏȧȊ ȊȐȒȖȕȚȈ ȗȖȌ
ȘțȒț șȚȈȓ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ
— ǫȌȍ Ȕȣ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȊȐȒȖȕȚ
— Ǫ ȗȧȚȖȔ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȖȔ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚȍ ǷȈȘȐȎșȒȖȑ ȒȖȔȔț-
ȕȣ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ dzțȐ-ǮȈȒ — ǵȖ ȟȚȖ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ ǩȈȓȤȚȈȏȈȘ"
ǪȐȒȖȕȚ ȌȘȖȎȈȓ
— Ǵȕȍ ȕȍȏȌȖȘȖȊȐȚșȧ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ Ȗȕ
ǭȔț ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȘȐȠȓȖ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȟȚȖ dzțȐ-ǮȈȒ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȓșȧ ȖȉȖ
ȊșȍȔ Ȑ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȖȗȈșȍȕȐȧ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ șȖ-
ȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȣ ǪȖȑȌȧ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȏȈȓț dzțȐ-ǮȈȒ ȗȖȌȖ-
Ƞȍȓ Ȓ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȔț șȚȖȓț ȋȌȍ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȟȓȍȕȣ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚȈ Ȑ șȚȈȓ
ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȚȤ ș ȕȐȔȐ Ƕȕ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓ ȐȔ ȊȐȒȖȕȚȈ ȒȈȒ șȊȖȍ-
ȋȖ ȌȘțȋȈ ȚȈȓȈȕȚȓȐȊȖȋȖ ȖȘȈȚȖȘȈ Ȑ ȗȣȓȒȖȋȖ ȗȈȚȘȐȖȚȈ ǶȌȐȕ
Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȚȖȓșȚȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȌȊȖȑȕȣȔ ȗȖȌȉȖȘȖȌ-
ȒȖȔ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȑ ȕȈ ȐȔȗȘȍșȈȘȐȖ ȗȘȖȊȐȕȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȈȚȘȈ ȌȘț-
ȎȍșȒȐ Ȋȏȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȗțȋȖȊȐȞț
— ǷȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȐȕ
— ǩȈȓȤȚȈȏȈȘ ǷțȓȤ, — ȗȖȌșȒȈȏȈȓ dzțȐ-ǮȈȒ, — ȋȘȈȎȌȈ-
ȕȐȕ ǷțȓȤ Ǵȣ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȖșȓțȠȈȍȔ Țȍȉȧ
ǵȈȘȖȌț Ȋ ȏȈȓȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ǰȔȗ-
ȘȍșȈȘȐȖ ȖȒȈȏȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȊȐȞȍ-ȗȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚȖȔ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȖȋȖ
ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚȈ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȔ ǰȏȧȡȕȣȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ

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ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȈȌȊȖȒȈȚșȒȖȑ ȔȈȕȚȐȐ ȊȏȖȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȖȘȈȚȖȘșȒțȦ ȚȘȐ-
ȉțȕț Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȘȍȟȤ Ȗ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ǭȋȖ șȔȍȕȐȓ ȗȖȎȐ-
ȓȖȑ ȧȒȖȉȐȕȍȞ Ȗȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȏȈȗȐȕȈȧșȤ Ȑ ȝȓȖȗȈȧ Ȓț-
ȓȈȒȖȔ ȗȖ ȒȈȜȍȌȘȍ
— ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȚȊȖȧ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ǩȈȓȤȚȈȏȈȘ — șȒȈȏȈȓ dzțȐ-ǮȈȒ
ǪȐȒȖȕȚ ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȊȠȐȑ ȗȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȈȔ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȓ ǵȖ
ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȕȤȒȐȑ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȤ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚȈ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒ-
ȕțȓ «ǩȈȓȤȚȈȏȈȘ ǷțȓȤ» Ȑ dzțȐ-ǮȈȒ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ ȠȍȗȟȈ — ǵȍ ȊȖȓ-
ȕțȑșȧ ȕȍ ȊȖȓȕțȑșȧ ȌȘțȋ, — ȗȖȌȚȖȓȒȕțȓ ȍȋȖ Ȓ ȚȘȐȉțȕȍ
ǺȣșȧȟȐ ȋȓȈȏ ș ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȍȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ǺȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ
ȕȈȒȈȕțȕȍ Ȋ ȒȈȜȍ Ȗȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ
— ǬȖȘȖȋȐȍ ȌȘțȏȤȧ
ǫȖȓȖș ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓ ȍȔț Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ dzțȐ-ǮȈȒ ȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȕȈ-
ȗȘȈȊȖ Ȑ ȕȈȓȍȊȖ ȟȚȖ ǩȈȓȤȚȈȏȈȘ ǷțȓȤ — ȊȖșȝȖȌȧȡȈȧ ȏȊȍȏȌȈ
șȍȒȞȐȐ ǪȐȒȖȕȚ ȊȣȗȐȓ ȋȓȖȚȖȒ ȊȖȌȣ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ
ǰ ȗȖ ȔȍȘȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ șȗȓȍȚȈȓȐșȤ ȔȍȎȌț șȖȉȖȑ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȣ
ȍȋȖ ȘȍȟȐ Ȗȕ ȊȖȖȌțȠȍȊȓȧȓșȧ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ǫȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ ȏȈȚȐȝȠțȦ
ȚȖȓȗț Ȗȕ ȉȍȏȖȠȐȉȖȟȕȖ țȋȈȌȣȊȈȓ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ șȓȖȊȈ Ȗȕ
ȌȖȓȎȍȕ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȐȚȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ȍȑ Ȗȕ ȡȍȌȘȖ șȣȗȈȓ
ȐȔȐ
— Ǵȣ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȔ Ȑȝ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ țșȓȣȠȈȊ
șȈȔȖȋȖ șȍȉȧ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ «ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ ǿȚȖ ȧ ȌȍȓȈȦ"»
ǻȎȈș ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ǵȖ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȈȧ ȗȈțȏȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓȈ ȕȍȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȥȜȜȍȒȚ ǴȕȖȋȐȍ șȓțȠȈȚȍȓȐ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓȐ șȖ șȊȖȐȝ ȔȍșȚ Ȑ
ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ Ȓ ȚȘȐȉțȕȍ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȓȐȞȈ țșȓȣ-
ȠȈȓ ȠȍȗȖȚ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈ ǹȚȘȈșȚȤ ȚȖȓȗȣ ȒȈȏȈȊȠȈȧșȧ ȍȔț ȗȘȍȎ-
Ȍȍ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ƕȕ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍ ȒȖȕȟȐȓ
șȊȖȦ ȘȍȟȤ ǰ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȑ ȘȍȊ ȌȖȓȋȐȑ ȕȍȘȈȏȉȖȘȟȐȊȣȑ ȉȍșșȊȧȏ-
ȕȣȑ ȉȣȓ ȍȔț ȕȈȋȘȈȌȖȑ Ƕȕ ȗȓȖȝȖ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ
Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȚȖȓșȚȣȑ ȊȐȞȍ-ȗȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚ ȗȖȏȌȘȈȊȐȓ
ȍȋȖ șȖ ȏȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȟȓȍȕȈ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚȈ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ
șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȕȍȗȖȗȘȈȊȐȔȖȍ
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ǺȘȐ ȔȍșȧȞȈ șȗțșȚȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȌȊȍȘȤȔȐ ȗȧȚȖȋȖ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȒȘȈșȐȊȣȑ

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ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȕȕȖȔ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ Ƕȕ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȗțșȚȐȓȐ Ȓ ǩȈȓȤȚȈȏȈȘț ǷțȓȦ ǭȔț ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓȐ Ƕȕ țȗȖȘșȚȊȖȊȈȓ.
— ǹȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȍ ȐȔȧ ǩȍȘȚȘȈȕ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȔȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ, —
ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓ Ȗȕ Ƕȕ ȚȊȍȘȌȐȓ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȕȤ-
ȒȐȑ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȤ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖșȤȉț
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ ȟȓȍȕȖȊ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚȈ ǩȈȓȤȚȈȏȈȘ
ǷțȓȤ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈȔ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȊȍșȍȓțȦ Ȑș-
ȚȖȘȐȦ Ǫșȍ șȔȍȧȓȐșȤ Ƕȕ Ȏȍ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ ȗȖȌȗȐșȣȊȈȧ ȒțȟȒț
ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȑ Ȗȉ ȈȘȍșȚȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ țȓȣȉȈȓșȧ șȊȖȍȑ
ȖȉȣȟȕȖȑ ȖȉȊȖȘȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȖȚ-
ȔȍȕȕȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȔ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȌțȝȈ ǹȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȤ ȊȣȉȘȈȓ țȌȖȉ-
ȕțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț Ȑ șȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ
— ǷȘȖșȚȐ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȐȕ ǷțȓȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȦ Țȍȉȧ DzȈȒȖȑ-
ȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȐȌȈ ȗȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ ǩȍȘȚȘȈȕ ȗȘȖșȐȚ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ Țȣ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ
ǩȈȓȤȚȈȏȈȘ ǷțȓȤ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ țȓȣȉȈȚȤșȧ
_____
DzȈȊȈȓȍȘ Ȍ
ǶȚȘȥȊ ȎȌȈȓ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȘțȋȈ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȌȊțȝ ș ȗȖ-
ȓȖȊȐȕȖȦ ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ Ȗȕ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ
ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ, ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȊȐȒȖȕȚ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȖȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ șȘȖȒȐ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȓ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȚȘȍȊȖȋț ǯȈȉȣȊ Ȗ ȗȐȡȍ țȌȍȓȧȧ ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȖȊ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȔț ȗȘȍȘȣȊȐșȚȖȔț șȕț Ȗȕ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠțȦ ȟȈșȚȤ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓ ț ȊȖȘȖȚ DzȖȉȓȍȕȞȈ ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȌȈ-
ȓȍȒȖ ȊȐȌȕȈ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȖȗțșȒȈȦȡȈȧșȧ ȊȕȐȏ ȌȖȘȖȋȈ ǶȚȌȈȓȍȕȕȣȑ
șȚțȒ ȒȖȓȍș ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȚȤșȧ «ȅȚȖ
Ȗȕ» — ȌțȔȈȓ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘ ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȖȒȕȈ ȗȘȖȍȏȎȈȦȡȍȑ ȒȈ-
ȘȍȚȣ «ȅȚȖ Ȗȕ» — ȠȍȗȚȈȓ Ȗȕ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȊ ȕȐȡȍȋȖ ȊȌȈȓȐ «ȅȚȖ
Ȗȕ ȅȚȖ Ȗȕ» ǵȖ ȊȐȒȖȕȚȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ. ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȊȍȘ-
ȕțȚȤșȧ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎ ǷȘȖȌȈȊ ȖșȚȈȚȒȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȈ Ȗȕ ș ȖȗȈ-
șȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȍȓȧ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȗȘȖȕȐȒ Ȋ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȕȣȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ȑ ȖȚȣș-
ȒȈȊ ȉȍȏ ȚȘțȌȈ ǷȤȍȘȈ țȏȕȈȓ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ Ȋșȍ
«ǩȍȎȈȚȤ» Ǫ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȘȈȏ țȎȍ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȈ ȥȚȈ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȋ
ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȓȍȋȒȖȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȐȒȖȕȚȈ Ƕȕ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ
ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ

ǶȕȐ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȕȐ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȉȣȊȈ-
ȓȖ Ƕȕ ȔȖȋ ȊșȚȈȚȤ Ȑ țȑȚȐ Ǫ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȐ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȊȈ
ȊȣȝȖȌȈ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȚȤ ȍȔț ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȐȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȕȈ-
ȔȍȘȍȕȐȍ ǵȖ ȊȐȒȖȕȚ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȌȊȐȕțȚȤșȧ ș ȔȍșȚȈ
«DzȈȒ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ ȍȔț" — ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗȕ — Ǩȝ ȧ Ȋșȍ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ
ǩȈȓȤȚȈȏȈȘ ǷțȓȤ ȕȍȚ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȗȖȑȔȍȚ».
ǭȔț ȉȣȓȖ ȧșȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ș ȕȐȔ
ȕȍȓȤȏȧ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȒȘȈșȕȍȓ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȊ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȔ
șȓȖȊȖȔ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȍȔț țȋȖȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍȔ
«ǰȏȔȍȕȈ ǷȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ»
ǴȖȓȖȌȍȕȤȒȐȑ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȤ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ țȋȈȌȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ
— ǫȘȈȎȌȈȕȐȕ ǷțȓȤ ȧ șȒȈȎț ȥȚȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȏȈȕȧȚ
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍȚ
ǪȐȒȖȕȚ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȖșȤ ȚȖ Șȍ-
ȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ Ȑ ȋȖȘȌȖȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȚȈȒ ȕȘȈȊȐȓȖșȤ ȚȖȓ-
ȗȍ ȘțȒȖȗȓȍșȒȈȊȠȍȑ ȍȋȖ ȘȍȟȈȔ
— ǷțșȚȤ Ȗȕ ȊȖȑȌȍȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ Ƕȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ
ȟȚȖ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȕȐȑ ȕȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȧ ȐȏȓȐȠȕȐ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȘȖ-
ȒȖȊȖȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȑȚȐ șȍȑȟȈș ȕȖ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ Ȗȕ ȟțȊșȚ-
ȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȉȐȓȈ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȒȓȦȟȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ șȍȘȌȞȍ
ȍȋȖ ȏȊȍȕȍȓȈ ȚȈ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ șȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ, ȉȍ-
ȏțȔȕȈȧ ȕȖ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȦȡȈȧ ȗȍșȕȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȎȐȊ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȥȚȐ
ȔȍșȧȞȣ Ȑ ȋȖȌȣ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȊȠȐȑ ǷȈȘȐȎ
DzȈȊȈȓȍȘ Ȍ
ǶȚȘȥȊ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ǪȐȒȖȕȚ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ
ȊȏȋȓȧȌ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ Ȑȝ șȕȖȊȈ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȚȘȈȟȍȕȕȖȍ ȘȈȊȕȖȊȍ-
șȐȍ ȞȈȘȐȓȖ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȌțȠȍ Ƿȍșȕȧ ȏȈȔȖȓȒȓȈ Ƕȕ ȊȣșȖȒȖȔȍȘȕȖ
ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ Ȑ ȕȍȎȕȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ ȌȘțȋț
ǭȌȊȈ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ș ȖȚȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘ
Ȍ
ǶȚȘȥȊ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȗȐșȚȖȓȍȚ Ȑ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȐȓ ǩȈȓȤȚȈ-
ȏȈȘ ǷțȓȤ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȖ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȏȈȚȐȝ
ǷȘȍșȚțȗȕȐȒ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ
ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȍȋȖ ȋȐȓȤȖȚȐȕȐȘȖȊȈȓȐ
 ȧȕȊȈȘȧ  ȋ

ǾdzȄdzǻǵǶǶ

70
ǻ DZȡȚȖșȓȐ
ǽǶǿȊǺǼ Ǽ ǾȁǿǿǸǼǷ ǽǼȋǵǶǶ
ǶȚȘȣȊȖȒ
ǹȚȐȝȐ ǴȈȘȐȐ dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȟȈșȚȖ ȖȉȓȐȟȈȦȚ ȗȖȥȚȐ-
ȟȍșȒțȦ ȕȍȖȗȣȚȕȖșȚȤ Ȑȝ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ Ǫ ȕȐȝ ȍșȚȤ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȌȍȘ-
ȕȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȒȓȐȠȍ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȧ ȖȚ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ șȍȉȧ ȒȈȒ Șȣ-
ȞȈȘȧ ȗȖȌ ȏȈȉȘȈȓȖȔ Ȑ ȒȖȕȟȈȧ ȗȈȘȐȎșȒȐȔȐ ȒȈȜȍ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈ-
ȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȞȊȍȚȈȔȐ Ȋ ȠȈȔȗȈȕșȒȖȔ ǷȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ
ȘȐȜȔ Ȋ șȖȕȍȚȈȝ ȠȍșȚȐșȚȖȗȕȣȍ șȚȘȖȟȒȐ ȊȌȘțȋ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȈȦ-
ȡȐȍ șȘȍȌȐ ȗȧȚȐșȚȖȗȕȣȝ — șȓȖȊȖȔ ȥȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȒȕȐȋȈ Ȉ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȋȖȓȖș ȗȖȥȚȈ ȏȈȧȊȓȧȦȡȍȋȖ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȐ.
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȊȖ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧȝ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚșȧ ȗȖȌȓȐȕ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȥȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȕȐȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȠȍȌȠȍȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ
ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ǴȈȚȍȘȐȈȓ Ȍȓȧ șȚȐȝȖȊ ȍșȚȤ ȥȚȖ —
ȥȕȍȘȋȐȧ Ȋ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȐ ș ȔȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤȦ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ
Ȑ șȓȣȠȈȚȤ, ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ șȚȘȖȋȈȧ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȈȧ ȋȘțșȚȤ ȖȚȕȦȌȤ ȕȍ
ȗȖȝȖȎȈȧ ȕȈ ȗȍȟȈȓȤ
ȇ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ
ǩȍȏ ȊȏȘȖșȓȣȝ șȖȊșȍȔ ȖȌȐȕ.
ǹȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐșȤ ȋȕȖȔȣ
Ǫ șȈȌț ț ȗȍșȚȘȣȝ ȒțȘȚȐȕ.
Ǫșȍ ș ȊȍȚȒȈȔȐ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȍȓȐ,
ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȐȕ ș ȎȍȏȓȖȔ
ǶȕȐ șȔȍȧȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȗȍȓȐ
ǰ ȏȊȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ șȊȖȑ ȌȖȔ
ǺȈȒ ȏȊȖȕȒȖ ȖȕȐ șȔȍȧȓȐșȤ
DzȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȐȔ ȉȣȓȖ șȔȍȠȕȖ
ǹȔȍȠȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐȚȊȖȘȧȓȐșȤ
ǪȍșȍȓȣȔȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȈȊȕȖ

ȅȚȐ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ Ȋ ȒȕȐȋȍ șȚȐȝȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ǴȈȘȐȧ
dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ țȟȐȚȤșȧ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȐȔ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȖȔ ș
ȚȍȔ șȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ țȗȖȘșȚȊȖȔ Ȑ ȉȍșșȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ țȌȈȟȍȑ ȒȈ-
ȒȐȍ ȌȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ țȌȍȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȥȚȈȔ

Ǯ ǾȓȚȖȕȜȐ
ǸȎȚțȖ ȟȚȓȞȠȖ
ǺȎȞȖȭ ǹȓȐȏȓȞȑ
ǷȘȐȍȏȎȈȧ Ȑȏ ǪȍȕȍȞȐȐ ȒțȘȚȐȏȈȕȒȈ Ȑ șȣȕ ȋȍȕțȥȏșȒȖȋȖ ȋȍȘ-
ȞȖȋȈ ǬȎȍȔȔȈ Ȑ ǬȎȐȈȕȕȐ — ȌȊȍ ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȐ șȚȖȓȒȕțȊȠȐȍșȧ
Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ
ǹȚȘȈșȚȕȣȑ ȗȖȘȣȊ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ȉȍșȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȘȣȊȈȦ-
ȡȐȑ Ȑ șȈȔȣȍ ȌȐȒȐȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȒȈȒ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖ ȕȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȖ șȚȘȈ-
șȚȕȖ
ȇ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȦ ǰȚȈȓȐȦ — șȖȓȕȞȍ șȊȧȚȖȋȖ ǴȈȘȒȈ ȋȖȓțȉȐ-
ȕțȦ ȋȘțșȚȤ ǼȖȘțȔȈ ȎțȚȒțȦ ȝȔțȘȤ ǷȈȓȈȚȐȕȈ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȔȈ-
ȒȐ șȚȈȘȖȑ ǨȗȗȐȍȊȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ
*
ȆȝȎȑȎ ȘȎȐȎșȓȞȎ
ǺȎȞȖȭ ǹȓȐȏȓȞȑ
ȀȗȈȋȈ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘȈ Ȑ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘ ȉȍȏ ȠȗȈȋȐ — ȌȊȈ ȋȍȘȖȧ
;9,,, ȊȍȒ — ȒȈȕțȕ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ ǴȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ ȕȖ ȎȐ-
Ȋȣȝ — ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǪȍșȍȓȤȍ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȉȓȍșȒ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋ
Ȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ǩ țȎ ȚțȟȐ ȐȌțȚ — ȗȘȍȌȋȘȖȏȕȈȧ țȗȖȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȗȖ-
ȘȈ ǰ ȟȐȚȈȧ ȟțȍȠȤ
*

73
DzȎțȠȜț
ǺȎȞȖȭ ǹȓȐȏȓȞȑ
ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȈȊȋțșȚȈ 1792 ȋ ǵȍȚ ȕȐ ǸȖ-
ȉȍșȗȤȍȘȈ ȕȐ ǴȈȘȈȚȈ ȕȐ ǬȍȔțȓȍȕȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ Ȑȏ Țȍȝ ș ȒȍȔ șțȌ-
ȕȈȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ șȖȍȌȐȕȐȓȈ ǬȈȕȚȖȕȈ Ȑ ș ȒȍȔ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȌȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȕȈ-
ȌȖ ȊȣșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȌȈ Ȑ ǬȈȕȚȖȕȈ — ȝȖȚȍȓ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȍȚ — ȕȍȚ
ǬȈȕȚȖȕ ȍșȚȤ ©ș ȗȧȚȕȐșȚȖȑ ȜȐȏȐȖȕȖȔȐȍȑ ȉțȓȤȌȖȋȈª ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȧȡȐȑ Ȑ ȚȖȓșȚȣȔ Ȑ ȚȖȕȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— ǴȈȓȤȟȐȒ — ȚȈȒ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ Ȗȕ Ȓ șȖȉțȚȣȓȤȕȐȒț Ȑ șȖ-
ȗȍȘȕȐȒț șȊȖȍȔț Ȑ ȘȈȏ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȍȚșȧ ȥȚȖȚ ©ȔȈȓȤ-
ȟȐȒª Ȋ țșȚȈȝ ȉțȓȤȌȖȎȤȐȝ ȚȖȕȒȖ
ǰȓȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȡȐȑ ȉȍȏȏȊțȟȕȖ
— ǹȗȈșȐȉȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȘȧȌț ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȝ
ȊȖȑșȒ Ȋȣ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȍ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȍȑ ǻȕȐȟȚȖȎȈȑȚȍ Ȑȝ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ
ȧ ȉțȌț țȕȐȟȚȖȎȈȚȤ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȒȚȖ ȊȏȌțȔȈȍȚ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈȠȍȑ
ȊȖȓȍ Ȑ ȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ ȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊț ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȚȍ-
ȟȍșȚȊȖ Ȋ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ
ǰȓȐ ȗȘȖșȚȖ șȗȧȡȐȑ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȕȈ șȞȍȕȍ Ȑ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȋȌȍ-
ȚȖ ȕȈȊȍȘȝț
Ǩ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȈ ȗȤȍșȈ ǬȈȕȚȖȕȖȔ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȖȒȖ-
ȓȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ ȍȋȖ ȐșȚȐȕȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȘȈȌȐ ȕȍȋȖ ȎȐȊțȚ Ȍȍȑ-
șȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȎȐȊȣȍ ȓȐȞȈ ȝȖȏȧȑȒȈ ȚȈȊȍȘȕȣ ©ǯȖȓȖȚȖȋȖ Ǻț-
ȘȈª ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ ǨȌȘȐȈȕȕȈ Ȍȍ ǩȦȘȐ șȓțȋȈ ǶȓȐȊȤȍ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘ Ȍȍ
ȓȈ ǴȈȘȘ ǫȖȚȤȍ Ȍȍ DzȈȘȉȐȓȤȧȘ Ȍȍ DzȈșȚȐȕȤȧȒ ȋȈșȒȖȕșȒȐȑ ȌȊȖ-
ȘȧȕȐȕ
ǷȤȍșȈ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȈ ȎȐȊȖ șȚȘȖȑȕȖ ȉȍȏ ȏȈȌȖȘȐȕȒȐ ǰ ȕȐȒȖ-
ȋȖ ȕȍ țȚȖȔȐȚ ȕȐ ȏȘȐȚȍȓȧ ȕȐ ȈȒȚȍȘȈ ǨȒȚȍȘȣ ȌȈȎȍ ȉțȌțȚ Ȑȋ-
ȘȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȖȝȖȚȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍ țșȓȣȠȐȚȍ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȎȈȓȖȉ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȐȌȐȖȚ-
șȒȐȑ ȜțȚțȘȐȏȔ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȉȍșșȊȧȏȕȖșȚȤ ȕȍȊȣȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȍȔȣȝ șȓȖȊ
Ȑ ȘȍȎȐșșȍȘț ȋȖȓȖȊț ȓȖȔȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ — ȏȊȈȚȤ ȟțȌȖȌȍȧ ȕȍ
ȗȖȕȈȌȖȉȐȚșȧ
ȅȜȜȍȒȚȣ șȈȔȣȍ ȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ǫȖȚȤȍ ȗȣȚȈȧșȤ țȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȏȈ șȚȖȓ ȚȧȕȍȚ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ șȒȈȚȍȘȚȤ ȗȖșțȌȈ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ șȖ ȏȊȖ-
ȕȖȔ ȗȈȌȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȚȣȑ ȒȈȕȌȍȓȧȉȘ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȋȈș-
ȕȍȚ Ȉ Ȋ ȌȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ țȎ Ȗȕ ȉȘȖșȈȍȚ ȉȖȒȈȓ

74
ǵȈ șȞȍȕț Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȔ ȈȒȚȍ ȗȘȐȕȖșȧȚ ȏȈșȚȘȍȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ
șȚȘȍȓȧȦȚ ȏȈ șȞȍȕȖȑ
 ǫȖȚȤȍ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ǨȌȘȐȈȕȕȈ ȉȘȖșȈȍȚ
țȊȧȌȠțȦ ȘȖȏț Ǩ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ șȞȍȕȍ ȊȊȖȌȐȚșȧ ȖȚȘȧȌ ȒȘȈșȕȖ-
ȈȘȔȍȑȞȍȊ ș ȖȘȒȍșȚȘȖȔ Ȑ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȈȔȐ
ǭșȚȤ șȞȍȕȣ șȈȔȣȍ ȎȍșȚȖȟȈȑȠȐȍ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ -Ȗȍ — ǨȌȘȐȈȕ-
ȕȈ Ȑ ǬȈȕȚȖȕ
— ȅȚȖȚ ȦȕȖȠȈ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȚȊȖȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȒ"
— Ƕȕ Ȕȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ Țȣ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȐȚȈȍȠȤ
ȝȍȘȍș ȐȓȐ ȗȖȘȚȊȍȑȕ"
— Dz ȟȍȘȚț Ȑ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ǺȊȖȑ ȝȔȍȓȤ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȊșȒȘț-
ȎȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȋȖȓȖȊț ǽȖȟȍȚ ȖȉȕȧȚȤ ȍȍ ǶȕȈ ȖȚșȚțȗȈȍȚ
— ȇ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȕȍșȍȚ ȖȉȍȌȈ"
ǬȈȕȚȖȕ ȇ ȝȖȟț Țȍȉȧ
ǨȌȘȐȈȕȕȈ ȏȖȊȍȚ
 ǶȓȐȊȤȍ
ǬȈȕȚȖȕ ȋȘțȉȖ ȖȉȕȐȔȈȧ ȍȍ
 ǴȖȓȟȐ ǬȖȓȋȖ ȞȍȓțȍȚ ȍȍ ǬȈ-
Ȏȍ ȍȍ ȗȖȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ șȚȖȕ ȕȍ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȚȤ ȖȉȢȧ-
ȚȐȧ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȖȚȗțșȒȈȍȚ ȍȍ ȖȕȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȓȍȌȕȈ Ƕȕ ȎȈȌȕȖ
șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ǬȖȓȋȖȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ
ǬȈȕȚȖȕ ȇ ȗȘȐȌț Ȓ Țȍȉȍ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ
ǨȌȘȐȈȕȕȈ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ș ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȍȋȖ-
ȌȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ
 DzȈȒ Țȣ ȗȖșȔȍȓ"
— ȇ ȞȍȓțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȗȘȖȊȍȌț ș ȚȖȉȖȑ
— DzȚȖ Țȍȉȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȘȐȔț Țȍȉȧ"
ǬȈȕȚȖȕ ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ ȔȖȑ ȗȖȞȍȓțȑ ȉȣȓ Țȍȉȍ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȕ"
— Ǻȣ Ȕȕȍ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ
ǬȈȕȚȖȕ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȋȓțȝȖ
 ȇ șȌȍȓȈȦ Țȍ-
ȉȍ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȕȍȑ
ǨȌȘȐȈȕȕȈ ȕȍ ȖȚȖȌȊȐȋȈȧșȤ
 ȇ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț
ǬȈȕȚȖȕ ȉȍȘȍȚ ȍȍ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȋ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȍȑ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈ
 Ǻȣ ȒȈȎȌțȦ ȒȈȗȓȦ ȔȖȍȑ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȏȈȎȋȓȈ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍȔ
— ǷțșȚȐ Ȕȍȕȧ
— Ǻȣ Ȋșȧ ȌȘȖȎȐȠȤ
— ǵȍȗȘȈȊȌȈ
ǭșȚȤ șȞȍȕȣ șȈȔȣȍ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ǨȌȘȐȈȕȕȣ ș ǶȓȐ-
ȊȤȍ ȗȘȖ ǬȈȕȚȖȕȈ

75
ǨȌȘȐȈȕȕȈ ǰ Ȗȕ ȏȈșȕțȓ Ǩȝ șȖȕ ȍȋȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȘȍȗȖȒ ȟȚȖ Ȟȍ-
ȓȣȑ ȖȚȘȧȌ țȉȐȑȞ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȓ ȉȣ ȍȋȖ Ƕȕ șȗȐȚ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȠȐ-
ȘȖȒȈȧ ȋȘțȌȤ ȍȋȖ ȔȍȘȕȖ ȊȏȌȣȔȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȋțȉȈȝ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ
ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȇ ș ȖȚȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍȔ șȔȖȚȘȍ-
ȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈ ȇ ȌȖȓȋȖ
șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ
ǶȓȐȊȤȍ Ǫȣ Ȋșȧ ȌȘȖȎȐȚȍ
ǨȌȘȐȈȕȕȈ ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȇ
ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȕȐȔ Ȑ Țȣșȧȟț ȘȈȏ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ șȍȉȍ ©ȗȖȘȈª
Ƕ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȧ ȕȍ țȉȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȔȐȋ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȏȈȒȘȣȓ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȦ
ȌȊȍȘȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ.
ǶȓȐȊȤȍ ǵȍ ȕȈȌȖ
ǨȌȘȐȈȕȕȈ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț țȉȐȚȤ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȓȦ-
ȉȖȊȕȐȒȈ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȧ șȓȖȊȈ
 Ƕȕ Ȋȏȧȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȌȖ șȐȝ
ȗȖȘ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȥȚȖ șȓȖȊȖ dzȦȉȖȊȕȐȒ Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ șȚȘȈșȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȎȕȍȑȠȈȧ Ȑȏ ȓȈșȒ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȍ
ȌȖȊȍȌȍȕȕȖȍ ȌȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖȍ
ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍ ǵȖ Ȗȕ Ƕȕ Ȋȏȧȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ǹȖȓȌȈȚ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ
ȉȣȚȤ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȋȘțȉȣȔ ȕȍȚ ȥȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȕȍ ȚȖ Ǵȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ș
ȕȐȔ ȧ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȓȐȞȖ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
 ǷȖȏȖȘ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ
șȟȈșȚȤȍȔ
— ǴȖȓȟȐȚȍ ǨȌȘȐȈȕȕȈ
— ǴȐȕțȚȈȔȐ ȧ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȈ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȓȦȉȐȚ Ȕȍȕȧ Ƕȕ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȞȍȓȖȔ ȔȐȘȍ ȕȍȚ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȣ
ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȖȑ ȟȍȔ ȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȐ Ȓ ȒȖȔț Ȗȕ ȕȍ Ȑș-
ȗȣȚȣȊȈȓ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȌțȘȔȈȕȧȡȍȑ ȏȊȍȘȐȕȖȑ ȕȍȕȈșȣȚȕȖȑ șȚȘȈș-
ȚȐ ȟȚȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȕȈșȣȚȐȚȤșȧ
ǯȈȔȍȟȈȕȐȧ Ȓ șȓȖȊȈȔ
dzțȟȠȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȗȖ-ȔȖȍȔț ȗȖ-ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȐ — ©ǻȍȌȍȔȚȍ ȖȚ-
șȦȌȈª Ȉ ȕȍ ȗȖ-ȒȐȍȊșȒȐ ȒȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȉȣ ǩȍȘȌȧȍȊ Ȑ dzțȕȈȟȈȘ-
șȒȐȑ — ©ǻȍȌȍȔ ȖȚșȦȌȈª
©ǵȈȞȍȗȐȓ ȕȈ ȝȊȖșȚ ǺțȘȈ ȗ Ȉ Ș Ȗ ȟ Ȓ ț ȊȖȏȏȊȈȕȐȑª —
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȠȒȈ ǵȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȚȈȒ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȍ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȠȒȐ
ȘȈȏȊȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ǶȌȍșșȍ
©Ǻȣ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȧ șȓȣȝȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȎ-
Ȍȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȤȧȕșȚȊțȍȚ ǬȈȕȚȖȕª ǺȈȒ ȗȖ ȗȐșȈȕȖȔț Ȉ Ȋ ȘȈȏȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȍ ȚȈȒ ©ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȧ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȚțȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ

ȌȍȕȤ ȗȤȧȕșȚȊțȍȚ ǬȈȕȚȖȕª
ǴȈȘȐȧ dzȍȊȉȍȘȋ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȟțȌȍșȕțȦ ȗȤȍșț
©DzȈȔȕȐª șȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ Ȑ ȏȕȖȑȕțȦ ȗȖȚȖȔ ©ȀȗȈȋț ȒȈȊȈ-
ȓȍȘȈª ȗȖȓȕțȦ țȗȖȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȑ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ Ȑ ȊȖȚ
©ǬȈȕȚȖȕª — ȗȤȍșȈ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȈȧ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȦ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȎȐȊȖ
ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȈȧ ș ȎȐȊȖȑ ȋȍȘȖȐȕȍȑ Ȑ ȋȍȘȖȍȔ Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȏȈȌȖȘȐȕȒȐ —
șȊȖȍȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȧȒȈ
ǨȊȚȖȘț Ȏȍ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ ȍșȓȐ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ ȉȣȚȤ șȈȔ ȗȖ șȍ-
ȉȍ ȏȈȉțȌȤ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȚȍȈȚȘ — ȖșȚȖȟȍȘȚȍȕȍȊȠȐȍ ȚȍȈȚȘȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȍȔȣ Ȑ ȈȒȚȍȘȖȊ — ȈȒȚȍȘȖȊ țȗȐȊȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȌȖșȚțȗ-
ȕȣȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ ȓȍȋȒȐȝ ȘȖȓȍȑ

77
Ǻ ǸȡȕȚȖț
DzǮǻȀǼǻ
ǪȍȓȐȒțȦ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒțȦ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȦ Ȑ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȝ ȌȍȧȚȍ-
ȓȍȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȖ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȚȤ Ȋ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍ ș ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐ-
ȟȍșȒȖȑ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈȘȕȖȑ ȐȓȐ ȘȐȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȒȈȒȖȊȖ ȉȣ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ
ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ
ǵȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȐȑ ț Ǵ dzȍȊȉȍȘȋ ȕȍȚ Ȑ ȗȖȎȈ-
ȓțȑ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ©ǬȈȕȚȖȕ», ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ șȊȖȦ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖșȚȤ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȋȘȖȔȖȏȌȒȖ Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȟȈșȚȕȖȋȖ ȥȗȐ-
ȏȖȌȈ Ȑȏ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȚȍȘȘȖȘȈ ȝȖȚȧ ȚȈȔ Ȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȍȚ ǬȈȕȚȖȕ.
ǭșȓȐ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȑ ȖȉȓȐȒ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȈȕ-
ȞȈ Ȑ ȌȈȕ ȉȣȓ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȚȖ ȥȚȈ ȏȈșȓțȋȈ ȊșȍȞȍȓȖ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ
ȋ. ǴțȏȈȓȍȊșȒȖȔț ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȊȠȍȔț ȏȈȋȓȈȊȕțȦ ȘȖȓȤ
ȇ ȕȍ țȗȘȍȒȈȦ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȐ ȐșȚȖ-
ȘȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȖȘȐȚȈ Ȑ ȌțȝȈ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȘȊ-
ȕȣȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȥȒȏȈȓȤȚȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖ-ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȗȖȌȢȍȔ ȉȣȓ
ȊȍȘȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȕ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȟȍȔ Ǵ dzȍȊȉȍȘȋ
 ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȌȈȕȕȈȧ ȗȤȍșȈ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȗȘȍșȓȍȌțȍȚ șȖȊșȍȔ ȌȘț-
ȋȐȍ ȞȍȓȐ ǨȊȚȖȘȈ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȓȈ ȕȍ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȚȘțȌȕȈȧ ȕȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȈȧ ȏȈȌȈȟȈ șȊȧȏȈȚȤ ȘȧȌ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ șȞȍȕȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȖȓȖ-
ȎȍȕȐȑ ȖȉțșȓȖȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȋȖȌȈȔȐ ȚȍȘȘȖȘȈ. ȅȚȈ ȕȍȗȘȐȚȧȏȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȈȧ ȏȈȌȈȟȈ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȔ ȐșȗȖȓ-
ȕȍȕȐȐ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȈȓȐȞȖ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȚȈȒȚȐȟȕȖȑ
ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȍ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȝ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ-ȚȈȒȐ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȚȈȒȚȐȟ-
ȕȣȝ ȌȍȒȖȘȈȞȐȧȝ Ȑ ȒȖșȚȦȔȈȝ ȗȤȍșȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȚȤ Ȑ
ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȚȍȈȚȘȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȥȜȜȍȒȚ ȅȚȈ ȌȘȈȔȈ ȖȚȕȦȌȤ
ȕȍ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȖȊ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȕȈȔȍȟȍȕȕȣȝ Ȉ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ șȞȍȕȐȟȍșȒȐȝ
ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȑ ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȈȧ ȕȍȗȘȍȚȍȕȞȐȖȏȕȖșȚȤ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖșȚȤ,
ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȊȒțș Ȑ ȕȈȐȊȕȖȍ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ ș ȒȈȒȐȔ ȈȊȚȖȘ ȊȊȖ-
ȌȐȚ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȍ șȞȍȕȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȣ Ȋ șȚȐȓȍ ǫȦȋȖ Ȑ ǹȈȘ-
Ȍț ȗȘȐȔȐȘȧȍȚ ș ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȋșȍȑ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȐ
ǺȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȐ ȊȍȡȤ ȥȚȈ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȌȍȓȈȕȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖ-
ȌȐȚ ȗȖȒțȌȈ ȍȍ șȔȖȚȘȐȠȤ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ Ȋȕȍ-

Ƞȕȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȈ Ȍȓȧ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȚȍȓȍȑ
ǸȖȓȤ ǫȖȚȤȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȕȈȌȍȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȝȈ-
ȘȈȒȚȍȘȖȔ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȈ ǴȈȒșȐȔȖȊȣȔ ȟȚȖ
ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȞȍȕȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȚȖȔȕȣȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȒ Ȉ
Ȋȍșȍȓȣȑ ȉȍȏȏȈȉȖȚȕȣȑ ȋȈșȒȖȕȍȞ ǷȖȟȚȐ ȌȍȚșȒȈȧ ȊȍșȍȓȖșȚȤ
ȒȈȗȘȐȏȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȉȍșȗȍȟȕȖșȚȤ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȕȣ ȉȍȏȖ
ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȎȈȕȚȐȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȐȏȕȍȎȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ǴțȏȈȓȍȊșȒȐȑ ȊȕȍȠ-
ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ǬȈȕȚȖȕȖȔ ș ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȔ ȎȈȘȖȔ ȗȘȖ-
ȐȏȕȖșȐȊȠȐȔ ȘȍȟȐ ȒțȌȈ ȈȊȚȖȘȖȔ ȊȓȖȎȍȕȖ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ
ȖȌțȠȍȊȓȍȕȐȧ
ǺȐȔȍ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȖȗȣȚȕȈȧ Ȑ șȗȖșȖȉȕȈȧ ȈȒȚȘȐșȈ ȗȖȚȖȔț-
ȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȑȏ ȘȖȓȐ ǨȌȘȐȈȕȕȣ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȉȣ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ
ȉȖȓȤȠȍȍ ȟȍȔ șȌȍȓȈȓȈ
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍȚșȒȖȍ ȗȘȐșȚȘȈșȚȐȍ Ȓ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȈȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ
ȌȊțȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ ȗȖȊȘȍȌȐȓȖ ȈȊȚȖȘț Ȑ ȖȉȔȈȕțȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȍ
ǹȞȍȕȈ ș ȒțȒȓȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȉȘȖșȈȦȚ Ȋ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȚ
ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȞȍȕȈ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȐ,
ȋȌȍ ǬȈȕȚȖȕ țșȔȐȘȧȍȚ ȉȈȉȐȑ ȉțȕȚ ǵȈȐȊȕȣȍ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȣ ȖȚ țȗ-
ȘȍȒȖȊ Ȓ ȗȘȖșȓȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȟȐșȚȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȗȈȘȐȎșȒȐȍ ȋȘȈȎ-
ȌȈȕȒȐ ș ȒȖȘȏȐȕȒȈȔȐ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȖȎȐȌȈȚȤ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȝȖȘȈ Ȑȏ ©ǬȖ-
ȟȍȘȐ ǴȈȌȈȔ ǨȕȦª
ǷȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈ Ȑ ȌȍȒȖȘȈȞȐȐ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȚȈȒȚȐȟȕȣ Ȑ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣ
DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȘȖȒ, ȕȖ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ Ȋșȍ țșȓȖȊȐȧ ȕȈȓȐȞȖ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȤȍșȈ ȐȔȍȓȈ țșȗȍȝ ǵȍȖȉȘȍȔȍȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȥȘțȌȐȞȐȧ
ȌȖșȚțȗȕȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȕȈ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȦȡȐȑ șȗȖȘȖȊ
ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȍ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȞȍȕȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȕȣȍ ȚȐ-
ȘȈȌȣ Ȑ ȘȍȗȓȐȒȐ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȖșȚȘȖțȔȕȣȍ
 ȝȖȘȖȠȍȍ ȐșȗȖȓ-
ȕȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈ Ȑ — ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ — ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȚȧȎȍșȚȐ ȕȍș-
ȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȥȗȖȝȐ Ȑ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȑ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȦȎȍȚ
— Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȌȈȍȚ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȑ Ȑ ȕȍȚȘțȌȕȣȑ Ȍȓȧ ȊȖșȗȘȐȧȚȐȧ ȉȖȌ-
Șȣȑ șȗȍȒȚȈȒȓȤ ǷțȉȓȐȒȈ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȌȖ-
ȊȖȓȤȕȈ Ȑ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȓȈ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȌȕȍșȍȕȣ ȞȊȍȚȣ

79
ǺǮǾǶȍ ǹǠǰǯdzǾDZ
(1894-
DzȘȈȚȒȐȑ ȉȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȖȟȍȘȒ
ǴȈȘȐȧ ǭȊȋȍȕȤȍȊȕȈ dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ dzȍȊȉȍȘȋ țȘȖȎȌ DzțȗȜȍȘ ȗȖ ȔțȎț
ǸȈȚȤȒȖȊȈ
 ȘȖȌȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȔȈȘȚȍ  ȋ Ȋ ǸȐȋȍ Ȋ șȍȔȤȍ ȗȖȚȖȔȒȈ șȈȒ-
șȖȕșȒȐȝ ȌȊȖȘȧȕ ȔȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȑȏ ȗȘȐȊȖȓȎșȒȐȝ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕ
ǻȟȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȐ Ǩ Ǩ ǶȉȖȓȍȕșȒȖȑ Ȋ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȍ ȋȌȍ ȍȍ
țȟȐȚȍȓȍȔ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȋȖ ȉȣȓ Ǽ Ǽ ǼȐȌȓȍȘ — ȗȍȌȈȋȖȋ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȟȐȒ șȖ-
ȉȐȘȈȚȍȓȤ Ȑ șȖȏȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȗȘȐȊȈȚȕȖȋȖ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖȋȖ ©Ȕțȏȍȧª dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ,
ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ ǼȐȌȓȍȘ ©ȖȒȖȕȟȐȓȈ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȦ ǶȉȖȓȍȕșȒȖȑ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț
ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ șȈȔȣȝ ȉȖȓȚȓȐȊȣȝ ȔȖȐȝ țȟȍȕȐȞ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈ-
ȊȈȧ ȉȖȓȚȈȓȈ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ șȖșȍȌȒȖȑ ǪȖȓȤȜ Ȑȝ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ǴȈȒș Ȑ ǴȖ-
ȘȐȞ
 ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȖȕȈ ȊȖșȗȍȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȐ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȖȔ ȗȖ-
ȘțșșȒȐ
ª 1 ǰ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋ ȈȘȝȐȊȈȝ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȖșȤ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȕȖȍ Ȓ
1 Ɏɢɞɥɟɪ Ɏ Ɏ ɂɡ ɦɢɪɚ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɵ ɢ ɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ Ɇ 
ɋ 

80
ǼȐȌȓȍȘț șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ ©ǩȣȊȈȦȚ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȤȧ ȗȍȟȈȓȐ Ȑ șȒțȒȐª
ȗȖȌȗȐșȈȕȕȖȍ ©ǴȈȒșȈ dzȍȊȉȍȘȋ VI ȒȓȈșș! Ǩ. 19 ȧȕȊȈȘȧ  ȋª 2 DzȈȒ
ȔȖȎȕȖ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ șȚȐȝȐ ȎȐȊȈȧ Ȑ ȉȖȓȚȓȐȊȈȧ ©ǴȈȒșȈª ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȗȐșȈȚȤ
ȍȡȍ ȕȈ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȟȍșȒȖȑ șȒȈȔȤȍ
ǷȖ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȐ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȐ dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ țȟȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȐșȚȖȘȐȒȖ-ȜȐ-
ȓȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȜȈȒțȓȤȚȍȚȍ ǪȣșȠȐȝ ȎȍȕșȒȐȝ ǩȍșȚțȎȍȊșȒȐȝ
 ȒțȘșȖȊ
ǬȍȉȦȚȐȘȖȊȈȓȈ Ȋ ȗȍȟȈȚȐ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍȔ ©Dz ǷȤȍȘȍȚȚȍª ǵȍȌȍȓȧ
«CȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ»   ȔȈȧ
 ǷȖȏȌȕȍȍ ȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ©ǵȖ-
ȊȖȔ ȎțȘȕȈȓȍ Ȍȓȧ Ȋșȍȝª ©ǸțșșȒȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐª ©ǹȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȔ șȓȖȊȍª,
©ǷțȚȐ șȚțȌȍȕȟȍșȚȊȈª Ȑ ȌȘ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧȝ
ǴțȎ Ǵ dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘ Ǫ ǩ ǸȈȚȤȒȖȊ ȗȖȋȐȉ Ȋ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓȍ ǷȍȘȊȖȑ ǴȐȘȖȊȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ
Ǫ  ȋ dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ ȗțȉȓȐȒțȍȚ șȊȖȑ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ Ȑ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȥ-
ȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ șȉȖȘȕȐȒ ©dzțȒȈȊȣȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȐȒª ǴȕȖȋȐȍ ȍȍ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȣ ȖȚ ȓȐȞȈ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ ȕȖ — ȏȈȔȍȟȈȍȚ ȉȐȖȋȘȈȜ —
©ș ȎȍȕșȒȖȑ ȔȈȕȍȘȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȎȍȔȈȕșȚȊȖȔª3.
dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȌȘȈȔȈȚțȘȋȐȐ Ȋ ȊȖșȤȔȖȔ ȈȊȋțș-
ȚȖȊșȒȖȔ ȕȖȔȍȘȍ ©ǸțșșȒȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐª ȏȈ  ȋȖȌ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȍȍ ©ȌȘȈ-
ȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ “ȗȘȍșȚȖ”ª ©DzȈȔȕȐ șȔȍȘȚȐª ȊȣȌȈȕȕȖȍ ȏȈ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌ ȗȤȍ-
șȣ ȊȣȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕșȒȖȋȖ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ ǬȎȍȕȚȐȓȍ ǼȍȘȘȈȕȚȍ. ǯȈ
©ȗȘȍșȚȖª ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȈ ȗȤȍșȈ ©ȀȗȈȋȈ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘȈª ǹȍȊȍȘȕȣȍ ȏȈȗȐșȒȐ
1916 ȹ 

ǶșȍȕȤȦ  ȋ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȏȈșȍȌȈȕȐȑ ȒȘțȎȒȈ ©ǪȍȟȍȘȈ ǹȓț-
ȟȍȊșȒȖȋȖª Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȗȘȈȊȕȣȍ ȟȓȍȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ ȉȈȓȓȖȚȐȘțȍȚ-
șȧ  ȔȈȧ  ȋ
 ȗȖȥȚȍșșȈ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚșȧ ș ǵ ǫțȔȐȓȍȊȣȔ ǪșȗȣȝȐ-
ȊȈȍȚ ȘȖȔȈȕ — ȊȐȌȐȔȖ șȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ Ȑ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȐȑ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȧ Ȋȍ-
ȟȍȘ ȗȖȥȚȖȊ ț Ǫ Ƿ dzȍȉȍȌȍȊȈ  ȕȖȧȉȘȧ  ȋ ǼȐȌȓȍȘ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȍȚ Ȋ
ȌȕȍȊȕȐȒȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȥȚ Ǫ Ǫ DzțȘȌȦȔȖȊ ©ȧȊȐȓșȧ ș ǴȈȘȐȍȑ dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ
ȉȣȊȠȍȑ ȔȖȍȑ țȟȍȕȐȞȍȑ Ȑ ȗȘȐȓȍȎȕȖ ȗȐȓ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȍȑ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ
ȖȕȐ Ȋ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧȝ
ª 4.
©ǷȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ Ȋ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ DzțȘȌȦȔȖȊȈ ǫțȔȐȓȍȊ
ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȊȖșȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȖ <…> ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț
ȕȍ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȔ ȟȚȖ ǫțȔȐȓȍȊ țȍȝȈȓ ȌȖ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȧ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ — “ȕȍ ȘȈș-
ȗȐșȈȊȠȐșȤ” ȒȈȒ ȖȚȔȍȟȍȕȖ Ȋ ȈȓȤȉȖȔȍ DzȘțȎȒȈª, — ȗȐȠțȚ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț
ȗȖȊȖȌț Dz ǨȏȈȌȖȊșȒȐȑ Ȑ Ǹ ǺȐȔȍȕȟȐȒ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȧ șȊȖȑșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ǼȐȌ-
2 ɊȽȺɅɂ Ɏ  Ɉɩ  ȿɞ ɯɪ 214.
3 Ʉɭɲɥɢɧɚ Ɉ Ȼ Ʌɺɜɛɟɪɝ Ɇɚɪɢɹ ȿɜɝɟɧɶɟɜɧɚ  Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɟ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɢ -
 Ȼɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ Ɍ  Ʉ-Ɇ Ɇ  ɋ 
4 Ɏɢɞɥɟɪ ɬɚɦ ɠɟ

81
ȓȍȘț ©ȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤª Ȋ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȝ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈȝ5. ǬȖȉȈȊȐȔ ȟȚȖ ǼȐȌ-
ȓȍȘ ȔȖȋ ȗȖȌȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȐ ©ȉȓȐȏȒȐȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȑª Ȑ ȊȉȓȐȏȐ ȚȈȒ
ȒȈȒ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȊȍȟȍȘȍ Ȑ DzțȘȌȦȔȖȊ Ȑ dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ ȘȈșȗȐșȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȈȓȤȉȖȔȖȊ dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȥȒșȗȘȖȔȚ
©ǭȡȍ ȔȖȍ ȧ ȗȖȔȕȦ ȌȍȚșȚȊȖ
ǶȚ ȓȍȚ ȌȖȒțȟȓȐȊȣȝ țȟȍȕȤȧ
dzȦȉȖȊȤ Ȓ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ — Ȑ ǫȍȑȕȍ —
ǶȚ ǪȈș ȧ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȈ Ȋ ȕȈșȓȍȌșȚȊȖ
ǫȓțȉȖȒȖțȊȈȎȈȍȔȖȔț Ȑ ȔȐȓȖȔț țȟȐȚȍȓȦ ǴȈȘȐȧ dzȍȊȉȍȘȋª6.
ǩȖȓȍȍ ȊȍȒȈ șȗțșȚȧ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȒȓțȉȒȍ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȣȝ șȚȘȈ-
șȚȍȑ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ șȓȖȎȕȖ ȕȖ șȚȖȐȚ țȗȖȔȧȕțȚȤ ȟȚȖ dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ ȐȔȍȓȈ
ȕȍȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚȤ ǫțȔȐȓȍȊȈ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȉȓȐȏȒȖȑ ȗȖȌȘțȋȖȑ
ȗȖȥȚȍșșȖȑ Ǵ Ǵ ǺțȔȗȖȊșȒȖȑ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ
 ȔȍȎȌț
ǫțȔȐȓȍȊȣȔ Ȑ ǺțȔȗȖȊșȒȖȑ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȏȈȊȧȏȈȓșȧ ȘȖȔȈȕ DzȈȒ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ǫțȔȐȓȍȊ ȗȖșȊȧȚȐȓ ǴȈȘȐȐ dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ ȘȈȕȕȐȑ ȊȈȘȐȈȕȚ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍ-
ȕȐȧ ©ǯȔȍȑª Ȑ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ ©Ǻȣ ȎȈȊȖȘȖȕȖȒ Ȋ ȋȖȘȕȖȑ ȊȣșȖȚȍª
Ǻȣ ȎȈȊȖȘȖȕȖȒ Ȋ ȋȖȘȕȖȑ ȊȣșȖȚȍ
ǹȓțȎȐ ȖȚȕȣȕȍ șȚȐȝ ȔȖȑ ȓȍȋȒȖȒȘȣȓȣȑ
ǭȍ ȕȍȧȘȒȖȑ ȕȖ ȐȏȌȈȊȕȈ ȔȐȓȖȑ
ǺȈȒȖȑ șȘȍȌȕȍȊȍȒȖȊȖȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȍ
ǭȍ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȐȔ ȏȈȘȕȐȞȈȔ
ǰ ȘȚț ȋȌȍ ȊȖȓȧ ȗȘȍȊȏȖȠȓȈ ȔȍȟȚț
ǭȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ — ȌȊțȔ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ ȗȚȐȞȈȔ
ǰ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȕȈȘȐșȖȊȈȕȕȖȔț ȘȚț
ȇ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ Ȗ ȕȍȑ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ
ǵȐ ȗȐșȍȔ ȕȍ ȗȐșȈȓ ȕȐ șȓȈȓ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ
ȇ ș ȕȍȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȔȈȦ
ǹȘȍȌȤ ȉȍȠȍȕȣȝ ȖȚ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ȓțȋȖȊ
5 Ⱥɡɚɞɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ʉ Ɇ Ɍɢɦɟɧɱɢɤ Ɋ Ⱦ Ʉ ɛɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɇ ɋ Ƚɭɦɢɥɟɜɚ ȼɨɤɪɭɝ
ɞɧɟɜɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɚɥɶɛɨɦɨɜ Ɏ Ɏ Ɏɢɞɥɟɪɚ
  Ɋɭɫɫɤɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ  ʋ 2.
ɋ -186.
6 ɂɊɅɂ Ɏ  Ɉɩ  ȿɞ ɯɪ  Ʌ  ɐɢɬ ɩɨ Ɏɢɞɥɟɪ ɫ .

83
ǰ ȥȚȖȚ șȈȔȣȑ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȕȈȠ ȗȖȌȈȘȖȒ
Ƕ ȎȈȊȖȘȖȕȖȒ șȚȐȝ ȔȖȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ
ǷȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȕȍȓȖȊȒȐȔ Ȑ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȔ
ǭȑ ȊȍȌȈȦȡȍȑ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȈ șȚȐȝȖȊ7.
Ǫ ȌȍȒȈȉȘȍ ǫțȔȐȓȍȊ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȊȖȏȖȉȕȖȊȐȊȠȐȍșȧ Ȋ ©ǨȗȖȓȓȖȕȍª
©ǷȐșȤȔȈ Ȗ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȗȖȥȏȐȐª ȌȖȉȘȖȎȍȓȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȕȖ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȕȖȑ
ȘȍȞȍȕȏȐȍȑ ȕȈ șȉȖȘȕȐȒ dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ 8.
Ǫ -1917 ȋȋ dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ ȗȍȟȈȚȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȍ ©ǪȍȟȍȘ ³ǺȘȐ-
ȘȍȔȣ´ª Ƿȋ 
 țȟȈșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ Ȋ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ -ȋȖ ©ǾȍȝȈ ȗȖȥȚȖȊª ǵȖ-
Ȋȣȑ  ȋ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȈ Ȋ ©ǷȘȐȊȈȓȍ ȒȖȔȍȌȐȈȕȚȖȊª ȋȌȍ Ƕ ǴȈȕȌȍȓȤ-
ȠȚȈȔ ȟȐȚȈȓ ©ǶȌț ȔȐȘțª
©ǷȖȉȓȐȏȖșȚȐ ȖȚ ȕȈș ȔȍȎȌț șȚȘȐȎȍȕȖȑ ȉȍȓȖȒțȘȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȒȖȑ
ǴȈȘȐȐ dzȍȊȉȍȘȋ Ȑ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ǴȈȘȋȈȘȐȚȣ ǺțȔȗȖȊ-
șȒȖȑ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȐȓșȧ ȖșȚȘȣȑ ȗȘȖȜȐȓȤ ǴȈȕȌȍȓȤȠȚȈȔȈ ȍȋȖ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ
ȓȖȉ — ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ ǭ ǺȈȋȍȘ — ǷȘȖȕȐȕ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȓ ǴȈȕȌȍȓȤ-
ȠȚȈȔț ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȍȔț ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ ǴȈȕȌȍȓȤȠȚȈȔ șȍȘȌȐȚȖ ȏȈȒȐȕțȓ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊț ȍȋȖ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȋțșȚȣȍ ȘȍșȕȐȞȣ ȌȘȖȋȕțȓȐ — Ȗȕ țȗȖȘșȚȊȖȊȈȓ —
ȕȖ Ȗȉȍ șȖșȍȌȒȐ șȗȘȈȊȈ Ȑ șȓȍȊȈ ȊȏȧȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȐ
ȊșȚȈȚȤª 9.
Ǵ dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ ȉȣȓȈ ȌȘțȎȕȈ ș dz ǿȈȘșȒȖȑ ȖȉȡȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȗȐșȣ-
ȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ - ȋȋ ș Ǩ Ǵ ǸȍȔȐȏȖȊȣȔ ǷȖșȓȍ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ șȓț-
ȎȐȓȈ ȗȘȐ ǵȈȘȒȖȔȗȘȖșȍ ȗȘȍȗȖȌȈȊȈȓȈ Ȋ ȠȒȖȓȈȝ Ǻȍȗȓȣȍ ȊȖșȗȖ-
ȔȐȕȈȕȐȧ Ȗ ȕȍȑ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ Ƕ ǫȘțȌȞȖȊȈ țȘȖȎȌ ǵȈȗȗȍȓȤȉȈțȔ
 Ȑ ȍȍ
șȚȈȘȠȈȧ șȍșȚȘȈ ǰȌȈ
©Ǫ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȐ >Ǫ ǵ ǽȐȚȘȖȊȖ@ Ȋșȍ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȘȖȚȐȓȖșȤ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȕȈ
ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ǭȌȐȕȈȧ ȚȘțȌȖȊȈȧ ȠȒȖȓȈ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ șȚțȗȍȕȐ ǵȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȞț
șȕȧȓȐ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȐȓȐ ȏȈȊȍȌțȦȡțȦ ȐȏȉȘȈȓȐ ǹȖȊȍȚ șȚȈȘȖșȚ Ȑȏ țȟȍȕȐ-
ȒȖȊ …>
ǵȖȊȈȧ ȏȈȊȍȌțȦȡȈȧ ǴȈȘȐȧ ǭȊȋȍȕȤȍȊȕȈ dzȍȊȉȍȘȋ ȗȘȍȗȖȌȈȊȈȓȈ
ȕȈȔ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ ǭȍ țȘȖȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ țȊȓȍȒȈȚȍȓȤȕȣ ǶȕȈ ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȘȈș-
7 ©ȼ -ɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɚɜɬɨɝɪɚɮ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɯɪɚɧɢɥɫɹ ɭ Ɇ ȿ Ʌɺɜ-
ɛɟɪɝ ɩɨ ɟɟ ɫɥɨɜɚɦ ɨɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɨɹɛɪɟɦ  ɝɨɞɚ ɢ
ɹɧɜɚɪɟɦ  ɝɨɞɚ ɜ Ɇɭɡɟɟ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɷɬɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɝɞɟ Ƚɭɦɢɥɟɜ ɢ
Ʌɺɜɛɟɪɝ ɨɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɢ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɚɬɵ ɉɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɹ ɟɣ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ Ƚɭɦɢ-
ɥɟɜ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɞɢɥ ɱɬɨ ɨɧɨ ɧɟɞɨɞɟɥɚɧɨ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɹɹ ɫɬɪɨɮɚ
ɋɨɨɛɳɟɧɨ Ʌ ȼ Ƚɨɪɧɭɧɝɨɦª Ⱥɡɚɞɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ɍɢɦɟɧɱɢɤ Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ ɋ 
 Ɉɱɟ-
ɜɢɞɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɧɧɹɹ ɞɚɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɣ
8 Ⱥɩɨɥɥɨɧ  ʋ  ɋ -48.
9 ɐɢɬ. ɩɨ ɋɬɪɭɜɟ ɇ Ɉɫɢɩ Ɇɚɧɞɟɥɶɲɬɚɦ Ʌɨɧɞɨɧ  ɋ 

84
șȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈ Ȗ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȑ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ ǶȕȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȘȈșȐȊȈ ȕȖ ș
ȕȍȏȈțȘȧȌȕȖȑ ȊȕȍȠȕȖșȚȤȦ ǹțȝȖȊȈȚȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșȈ ȊȖ ȘȚț ȒȘțȗ-
ȕȣȑ ȕȖș ȕȖ ȗȘȐȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ șȚȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ ȟțȚȤ ȝȖȓȖȌ-
ȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȖȌ ȚȍȔȕȣȔȐ ȉȘȖȊȧȔȐ «! Ǵȣ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋșȍ țȟȍȕȐȞȣ,
ȉȣȓȐ Ȋ ȕȍȍ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕȣ ǷȘȖȊȖȎȈȓȐ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȓ ȕȍȑ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐ ǶȌȕȈ Ȑȏ
țȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞ ȗȖȌ ȍȍ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌșȚȊȖȔ șȚȈȊȐȓȈ șȗȍȒȚȈȒȓȐ Ȋ ȠȒȖȓȍ —
“ǶȘȓȍȕȒȈ´ Ȑ ³ǷȘȐȕȞȍșșț ǫȘȍȏț´ ǸȖșȚȈȕȈ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ Ǫ “ǯȖȓțȠȒȍ” ȧ
ȐȋȘȈȓȈ ȖȌȕț Ȑȏ ȏȓȣȝ șȍșȚȍȘ» 10.
ǰȌȈ ǵȈȗȗȍȓȤȉȈțȔ
©ǵȖȊțȦ ȘțșșȒțȦ ȗȖȥȏȐȦ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈȔȐ ǴȈȘȐȧ ǭȊȋȍȕȤȍ-
ȊȕȈ dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ <…> — ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȈȧ țȔȕȍȑȠȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ-ȗȖȥȚȍșșȈ
<…> ǴȈȘȐȧ ǭȊȋȍȕȤȍȊȕȈ ȊȏȧȊȠȈȧ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȗȘȍȗȖȌȈȊȈȕȐȍ ȓȐȚȍ-
ȘȈȚțȘȣ ȊȖȠȓȈ Ȋ ȒȓȈșș ș ȗȈȟȒȖȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȒȕȐȋ ǹȍȓȈ Ȓ șȚȖȓț Ȑ
șȚȈȓȈ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȕȈȔ șȚȐȝȐ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȝ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȣȝ ȗȖȥȚȖȊ
ǷȖȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȓȈșș ȏȈȔȍȘ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȖȊȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȕȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖ
ǶȕȈ ȟȐȚȈȓȈ ǩȓȖȒȈ ȗȖȚȖȔ ǨȝȔȈȚȖȊț ǫțȔȐȓȍȊȈ ǩȘȦșȖȊȈ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ
ǩȓȖȒȈ ǿțȊșȚȊȖ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȖȚ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ ș ȔȈȋȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȖȥȏȐȍȑ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ
ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ǰ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖșȚȤ Ȓ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐ-
ȕȍ ș ȝȘȐȗȓȖȊȈȚȣȔ ȖȚ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖȑ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșȣ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ș ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔȐ
ȒȖȠȈȟȤȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ș ȔȧȋȒȐȔȐ ȉȍșȠțȔȕȣȔȐ ȚȖȎȍ ȒȖȠȈȟȤȐȔȐ
ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ» 11.
ǪȍșȕȖȑ  ȋ ȗȤȍșȈ dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ ©ǬȈȕȚȖȕª ȗȘȐ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȍȔ șȖ-
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȐ Ǩ ǩȓȖȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȈ Ȓ ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȍ Ȋ ǩȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȌȘȈȔȈ-
ȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȚȍȈȚȘȍ ǩȓȖȒ șȟȍȓ ȗȤȍșț ©ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȑª 12 Ǵ ǫȖȘȤȒȐȑ ȝȓȖ-
ȗȖȚȈȓ Ȗ ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȍ ©ȀȗȈȋȐ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘȈª
ǵȖ dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȕȧȓȐ ȕȍ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȕȈ șȞȍȕȐȟȍșȒȐȑ
țșȗȍȝ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑȕȣȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ Ǫ ȔȈȍ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓȈ ǫȖȘȤȒȖȔț ș ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȣȔ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓȈșȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ  ȋ, ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȖȍ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȖȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ
«ǬȖȘȖȋȖȑ ǨȓȍȒșȍȑ ǴȈȒșȐȔȖȊȐȟ ȊȖȚ șȍȑȟȈș ȧ șȒȈȎț ǪȈȔ ȚȈȒȐȍ
ȗȘȖșȚȣȍ ȚȈȒȐȍ șȚȈȘȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ ...> ȧ ǪȈș ȓȦȉȓȦ ȇ ȚȈȒ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏ
ȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȓȈ ȥȚȐ șȓȖȊȈ ! Ǵȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ...> ȕȍ
ȗȖȌțȔȈȑȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȐȠț ǪȈȔ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ǪȈȔ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȚȘȈ-
ȌȈȦ ...> ǯȈ ȥȚȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȦ Ȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋ Ȑ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ șțȔȈ-
șȠȍȌȠȍȍ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȖ ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȗȈȜȖș ȎȐȏȕȐ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȚȈ-
ȒȐȔ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȕȣȔ ...> ȧ ȓȐȒțȦ Ǵȕȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȊȍȕȍȞ ȊȖȏȓȖȎȐȓȐ ȕȈ
10 Ƚɪɭɞɰɨɜɚ Ɉ Ⱦɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɟ ɢɝɪɚɸ ɉɨɜɟɫɬɶ ɨ ɦɨɟɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ 
Ɇɢɧɭɜɲɟɟ ɂɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɥɶɦɚɧɚɯ >ȼɵɩ@ Ɇ-ɋɉɛ  ɋ -22
11 ɇɚɩɩɟɥɶɛɚɭɦ ɂ Ɇ ɍɝɨɥ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ Ʉɪɚɬɤɢɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ
ɋɉɛ  ɋ -21.
12 Ȼɥɨɤ Ⱥ Ⱥ Ɂɚɩɢɫɧɵɟ ɤɧɢɠɤɢ - Ɇ  ɋ 

85
ȋȖȓȖȊț «! ȇ ȗȘȈȏȌȕțȦ ȔȖȦ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ...> ȇ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȈ ǪȈȔ ȏȈ ȚȖ
ȟȚȖ ȧ ȓȦȉȓȦ ǪȈș ...> ǪȖȗȘȖș Ȗ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧȝ ȧ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊ-
ȓȧȦ ȘȍȠȈȚȤ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ǪȈȔª 13.
ǫȖȘȤȒȐȑ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȓȤȡȍȕ ȕȖ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȖȔț ȗȖȘȣȊț ȕȍ Ȋȕȧȓ
©ǴȈȘȐȧ ǭȊȋȍȕȤȍȊȕȈ — ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ǪȈȠȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ
ȔȐȓȖȍ Ȑ ȧșȕȖȍ ǵȖ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȖȚ
ȒȈȒȖȊȣ ȖȕȐ Ȕȕȍ  ȓȍȚ ȥȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȉȍȌȈ ȕȖ — ȧ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȕȍȕ ț
Ȕȍȕȧ ȌțȠȈ ȘȈșȚȖȗȚȈȕȈ — ȟȚȖ țȎ ȗȓȖȝȖ «! ǰȏ Ȋșȍȝ ȧȌȖȊ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȣȔȐ ȧ ȓȍȟȐȓșȧ ȊșȍȋȖ ȓțȟȠȍ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȖ
ǷȘȖșȚȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȍșȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ ȋȘțȉȖ Ȑ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȕȖ — Ȕȕȍ
ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ
ǰșȒȘȍȕȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ǪȈȔ — șȗȈșȐȉȖ ǷȖȊȍȘȤȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ Ȑ ȞȍȕȦ ǪȈȠ
ȗȖȘȣȊ Ȑ ȋȖȘȎțșȤ ȐȔ Ǩ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ — ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ — ȓțȟȠȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȍșȓȐ
ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȔ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȚȤșȧª 14.
ǷȘȍȔȤȍȘȈ ©ǬȈȕȚȖȕȈª Ȋ ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȍ Dz Dz ǺȊȍȘșȒȖȋȖ șȖșȚȖȧȓȈșȤ Ȋ
ǩǬǺ  ȐȦȕȧ  ȋ ǨȊȚȖȘț ȊȘțȟȐȓȐ ȉțȒȍȚ ȘȖȏ ǵȈ ȗȘȍȔȤȍȘȍ ȖȚȔȍ-
ȚȐȓ ǩȓȖȒ ȉȣȓȐ ©ǫȖȘȤȒȐȑ ǴȈȘȐȧ ǼȍȌȖȘȖȊȕȈ ǨȕȌȘȍȍȊȈ! dzțȘȤȍ ș
Ƕ Ǩ <ǹțȌȍȑȒȐȕȖȑ>»15 ǩȣȓ Ȑ Ǵ DzțȏȔȐȕ ȏȈȗȐșȈȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȌȕȍȊȕȐȒȍ
©ǷȤȍșȈ ȗțșȚȈȧ ȝȖȚȧ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ ȝȖȘȖȠȖª 16 ǵȈ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ șȗȍȒȚȈȒȓȍȑ dzȨȊ-
ȉȍȘȋ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓȈ șȊȖȐȝ țȟȍȕȐȞ ȕȈ Ƕ ǫȘțȌȞȖȊț-ǵȈȗȗȍȓȤȉȈțȔ ȏȘȍȓȐ-
13 Ƚɨɪɶɤɢɣ Ɇ ɉɨɥɧɨɟ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɉɢɫɶɦɚ ɜ  ɬɨɦɚɯ Ɍ 3:
ɉɢɫɶɦɚ ɢɸɧɶ - Ɇ  ɋ -302.
14 Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ ɫ  Ɉɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ Ƚɨɪɶɤɢɦ ɢ Ʌɺɜɛɟɪɝ ɨɫɬɚɥɢɫɶ ɞɪɭɠɟ-
ɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɧɢ ɩɟɪɟɩɢɫɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ Ƚɨɪɶɤɢɣ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɥ Ʌɺɜɛɟɪɝ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɟ
ɩɨɤɪɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤ ɟɟ ɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɧɚɞ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɟɣ ɉɭɬɢɥɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚ-
ɜɨɞɚ ɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɯɜɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɨɡɜɚɥɫɹ ɧɚ ɉɟɪɜɨɦ ɫɴɟɡɞɟ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɯ ɩɢɫɚ-
ɬɟɥɟɣ ɋɦ Ƚɨɪɶɤɢɣ — Ɇ ȿ Ʌɟɜɛɟɪɝ  Ɇ Ƚɨɪɶɤɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɟ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɢ
ɇɟɢɡɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɩɢɫɤɚ Ɇ  Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɨ Ɍ 
 ɋ -
 ɉɢɫɶɦɚ Ɇ ȿ Ʌɺɜɛɟɪɝ Ɇ Ƚɨɪɶɤɨɦɭ  Ƚɨɪɶɤɢɣ ɇɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɚ-
ɧɢɰɵ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
 ȼɵɩ  Ɇ  ɋ -
551.
15 Ȼɥɨɤ Ⱥ Ⱥ Ɂɚɩɢɫɧɵɟ ɤɧɢɠɤɢ ɫ 
16 ɉɢɫɶɦɚ Ɇ Ⱥ Ʉɭɡɦɢɧɚ ɤ Ȼɥɨɤɭ ɢ ɨɬɪɵɜɤɢ ɢɡ ɞɧɟɜɧɢɤɚ Ɇ Ⱥ Ʉɭɡɦɢ-
ɧɚ ɉɪɟɞɢɫɥ ɢ ɩɭɛɥ Ʉ ɇ ɋɭɜɨɪɨɜɨɣ  Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪ Ȼɥɨɤ ɇɨɜɵɟ ɦɚɬɟ-
ɪɢɚɥɵ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ʉɧ  Ɇ 
 ɋ  Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɧɚɫɥɟɞ-
ɫɬɜɨ Ɍ 
 ɋ 

ȡȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓȖ ©ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍª 17 ǺȍȔ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȗȖșȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȖșȖȉȣȔ țșȗȍȝȖȔ ©Ƕ “ǬȈȕȚȖȕȍ” ȔȍȎȌț ȗȘȖ-
ȟȐȔ țȎȍ Ȋ ȈȒȚȍȘșȒȖȔ ȔȐȘȍ ȖșȚȘȧȚ ȚȍȈȚȘț ȌȈȕ ȗȓȖȝȖȑ ȚȖȕ «! ȇ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊțȦ ȕȍȎȕȖșȚȤ Ȓ ȕȍțȔȍȓȖȑ dzȍȊȉȍȘȋ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ — ȐșȚȐȕȕȖ ȕȖȊȖȍ Ȑ
ȚȘțȌȕȖȍª — ȏȈȗȐșȣȊȈȓ ǩȓȖȒ18 ǪșȒȖȘȍ șȗȍȒȚȈȒȓȤ ȉȣȓ șȕȧȚ ș ȘȍȗȍȘ-
ȚțȈȘȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȈȧ șȍȒȞȐȍȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȒȈȘ-
ȚȐȕ ©ǪșȍȔȐȘȕȖȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȣª ș ȗȖȝȊȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȘȍȞȍȕȏȐȍȑ ǭ ǯȈȔȧȚȐȕȈ
©ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚȊȈ ȝȖȚȧ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȍșȚȤ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȖȒ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȕȖșȚȐª
ȗȤȍșȈ dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ ©ǮȈȕȕȈ Ȍ¶ǨȘȒª -1920)19 ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȗȖȏȌȕȧȧ ȗȤȍșȈ
©ǴȖȕȚȈȕȈª 

Ǫ  ȋ Ǵ dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓȈ ș ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȔ ©ǩȈȓȤȚȈȏȈȘ ǷțȓȤª Ȋ
șȉȖȘȕȐȒȍ ©ǹȍȊȍȘȕȖȍ țȚȘȖª Ƿȉ
 Ǫ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȔ ȋȖȌț țȊȐȌȍȓ șȊȍȚ șȖ-
șȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȍȦ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȕȣȑ ©ǹȓȖȊȈȘȤ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ șȓȖȊª ȊȣȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȊȠȐȑ ȗȖ  ȋ ȠȍșȚȤ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȑ Ǫ 1920-ȝ ȋȋ dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȈȒ-
ȚȐȊȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȐȓȈ ș ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ
ǴȖȓȤȍȘȈ ǹȚȍȕȌȈȓȧ Ǹ ǸȖȓȓȈȕȈ Ǫ ǫȦȋȖ ȅ ǯȖȓȧ ǴȈȑȕ-ǸȐȌȈ Ȑ ȌȘ
ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȍȑ) ǪȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȋ ǹȍȒȞȐȦ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȟȐȒȖȊ ǪǹǷ dzǶ
 ȏȈȚȍȔ Ȋ
dzȍȕȐȕȋȘȈȌșȒȖȍ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ȌȘȈȔȈȚțȘȋȖȊ Ȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȍȑ.
Ǫ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ -ȝ ȋȋ Ǵ dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓȈ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ ©dzȈȑȔȈª Ǵ

 Ȑ ©ǵȈ ȉȍȓȖȔ ǹȍȊȍȘȍª Ǵ 1933) ȊȣȠȍȌȠȐȍ Ȋ șȍȘȐȐ ©ǬȍȠȍ-
ȊȈȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȒȖ-ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȈȧ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȈª ȐȏȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ǪșȍșȖȦȏ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ȗȖȓȐȚȒȈȚȖȘȎȈȕ»; ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȣȍ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ  ȋ. Ȋ
dzȈȚȊȐȐ Ȑ ȥȗȐȏȖȌȣ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ Ȋ ǨȘȝȈȕȋȍȓȤșȒȖȑ ȋțȉȍȘȕȐȐ
ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȕȐȝ Ȋ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȐȐ ș șȖȊȍȚșȒȐȔȐ ȐȌȍȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ
țșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈȔȐ ǷȖ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧȔ Ƕ DzțȠȓȐȕȖȑ ȗȖȉȣȊȈȓȈ Ȋ șșȣȓȒȍ 20 ǹȒȖȕ-
ȟȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ dzȍȕȐȕȋȘȈȌȍ Ȋ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ șȍȕȚȧȉȘȧ  ȋ 21
ǵȍȒȘȖȓȖȋ Ȋ ȋȈȏȍȚȍ ©dzȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȣȑ dzȍȕȐȕȋȘȈȌª ȖȚȔȍȟȈȓ Ȋ ȖșȕȖȊ-
ȕȖȔ ȘȖȓȤ dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ ȒȈȒ ©ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȖșȕȖȊȕȣȝ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒȖȊ ǷțȚȐȓȖȊ-
șȒȖȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐª ǯȌȍșȤ Ȏȍ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ©ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍȏȈȒȖȕȟȍȕȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȣ ǹȚȍȕȌȈȓȧ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȈȗȒȈȝ ȕȈȔȍȚȒȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȤȍșȣ
Ȗ ȘȈȉȖȟȍȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȐ -ȝ ȋȖȌȖȊª 22.
17 Ƚɪɭɞɰɨɜɚ Ɉ Ⱦɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɟ ɢɝɪɚɸ ɋ 
18 Ȼɥɨɤ Ⱥ Ⱥ ɋɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɜɨɫɶɦɢ ɬɨɦɚɯ Ɍ  ɉɪɨɡɚ -1921.
Ɇ-Ʌ  ɋ 
19 ɋɦ Ɂɭɫɟɜɚ-Ɉɡɤɚɧ ȼ Ȼ Ɉɛɪɚɡ ɞɟɜɵ-ɜɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɵ ɜ ɩɶɟɫɟ Ɇ ȿ Ʌɺɜ-
ɛɟɪɝ ©ɀɚɧɧɚ ɞ¶Ⱥɪɤª 
  ɇɨɜɵɣ ɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɟɫɬɧɢɤ  ʋ
 ɋ 
20 Ʉɭɲɥɢɧɚ Ɉ Ȼ Ʌɺɜɛɟɪɝ Ɇɚɪɢɹ ȿɜɝɟɧɶɟɜɧɚ… ɋ 
21 ȼ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɯ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɞɚɬɵ ɤɚɤ - ɢ  ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ
22 Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ Ʌɟɧɢɧɝɪɚɞ  ʋ   ɫɟɧɬ ɋ 

87
ǷǸǰǴǭǿǨǵǰȇ
Ǫșȍ ȚȍȒșȚȣ ȏȈ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȗțȉȓȐȒțȦȚșȧ
ȗȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȐȏȌȈȕȐȧȔ. Ǫ ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȐ ȖȉȓȖȎȒȐ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ
Ǭ ǩȈțȥȘȈ ǰȏȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ Salamandra P.V.V ȊȣȘȈȎȈȍȚ ȋȓțȉȖȒțȦ
ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖșȚȤ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȦ ǶșȚȈȕȐȕț Ȑ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘț ǹȖȉȖȓȍȊț ȏȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ
Ȋ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȒȍ ȒȕȐȋȐ
dzțȒȈȊȣȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȐȒ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ dzțȒȈȊȣȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȐȒ ǹȚȐȝȐ Ƕȉȓ ǹ ǿȍȝȖȕȐȕȈ
ǹǷȉ: ȚȐȗ Ǩ dzȈȊȘȖȊ Ȑ Dzƒ .
ǷȍșȍȕȒȈ Ȗ ȚȘȍȝ ȔȖȕȈȝȈȝ
ǰȏ ȗȤȍșȣ ©DzȈȔȕȐ șȔȍȘȚȐª ǸțșșȒȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ  ȹ 

ǵȈȔ ȕȍ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȤ ȏȈȊȍȚȕȖȑ ȓȎȐ
ǪȍȟȍȘ ©ǺȘȐȘȍȔȣª dzȈȏȈȘȍȚț ȌȍȧȚȍȓȍȑ ȐșȒțșșȚȊ Ƿȋ 
ǯȈȊȍȚȕȖȍ ȘȖȕȌȖ
ǪȍȟȍȘ ©ǺȘȐȘȍȔȣª dzȈȏȈȘȍȚț ȌȍȧȚȍȓȍȑ ȐșȒțșșȚȊ Ƿȋ 
ǷȘȖȡȈȓȤȕȣȑ șȖȕȍȚ
ǵȖȊȣȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ Ȍȓȧ Ȋșȍȝ  ȹ  ǷȖșȊȧȡȍȕȖ Ǵ Ǵ ǺțȔȗȖȊ-
șȒȖȑ Ǫ șȚ  ȗȘȖȗțșȒ Ȋ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗțȉȓ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȖ ȗȖ șȔȣ-
șȓț

88
ǵȈ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȎȕȖȑ
ǵȖȊȣȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ Ȍȓȧ Ȋșȍȝ  ȹ 
Ǵȕȍ șȕȐȓȈșȤ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȗțșȚȣȕȧ
ǵȖȊȣȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ Ȍȓȧ Ȋșȍȝ  ȹ 
ǸȈȏȓțȒȈ
ǵȖȊȣȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ Ȍȓȧ Ȋșȍȝ  ȹ 
ȅȚȖ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ
ǵȖȊȣȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ Ȍȓȧ Ȋșȍȝ  ȹ 
ǷȘȖȊȖȌȣ
ǵȖȊȣȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ Ȍȓȧ Ȋșȍȝ  ȹ 
DzțȘȈȕȚȣ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȉȐȓȐ
ǷțȚȤ șȚțȌȍȕȟȍșȚȊȈ  ȹ  ȜȍȊȘȈȓȤ
dzȈȚȐȕșȒȐȍ ȧȔȉȣ
ǸțșșȒȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ  ȹ 

89
Ǵȣ ȊȍȘȕȖșȚȤȦ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȔț ȒȘȈȦ
ǹȊȐȘȍȓȤ ǺȘȍȚȐȑ ȈȓȤȔȈȕȈȝ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ Ƿȋ ǼȈȒȍȓ [ǺȖȔșȒ
ǺȖȔșȒȖȍ ȖȚȌ ȐȏȌ-ȊȈ ©ǼȈȒȍȓª@, 1917.
ǰȏ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ ©ǴȖȕȖȓȖȋ»
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǫȖȘȤȒȐȑ — Ǵ ǭ dzȍȊȉȍȘȋ  Ǵ ǫȖȘȤȒȐȑ Ȑ șȖ-
ȊȍȚșȒȐȍ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȐ ǵȍȐȏȌȈȕȕȈȧ ȗȍȘȍȗȐșȒȈ Ǵ  dzȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖȍ
ȕȈșȓȍȌșȚȊȖ Ǻ 
 ǹȚȐȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȖ Ȓ ȗȐșȤȔț dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ ǫȖȘȤ-
ȒȖȔț ȖȚ  ȔȈȘȚȈ  ȋ
ǩȈȓȤȚȈȏȈȘ ǷțȓȤ
ǹȍȊȍȘȕȖȍ țȚȘȖ ǹȉȖȘȕȐȒ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ Ǩ ǨȝȔȈȚȖȊȈ ǩ ǷȐȓȤȕȧȒ Ǫ
ǸȖȎȌȍșȚȊȍȕșȒȐȑ Ǫȧȟ ȀȐȠȒȖȊ Ǫ ǰȘȍȞȒȐȑ Ǵ dzȍȊȉȍȘȋ Ƿ ǫț-
ȉȍȘ Ƕ ȀȗȍȕȋȓȍȘ Ǻ ǬȍȑȉȓȍȘ Ƿȉ  ǷțȕȒȚțȈȞȐȧ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȍȕȈ
Ȓ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȖȘȔȈȔ
ǵ ǫțȔȐȓȍȊ ǷȐșȤȔȖ Ȗ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ
ǨȗȖȓȓȖȕ  ȹ  ȌȍȒȈȉȘȤ
Ǩ ǸȍȔȐȏȖȊ [ǸȍȞȍȕȏȐȐ]
ǷȍȘȊȣȍ ȌȊȍ ȘȍȞ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ Ȋ șȉ ©ǸȍȗȍȘȚțȈȘ ǹȉ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȖȊª
Ƿȉ-Ǵ 
 Ǫșȍ ȚȘȐ ȚȍȒșȚȈ: ǮȐȏȕȤ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ  ȹ  
ȜȍȊȘȈȓȧ
 Ȑ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ Ȋ Ȓȕ. ǸȍȔȐȏȖȊȈ ©DzȘȈȠȍȕȣȍ ȘȣȓȈª ǩ., 1922).
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǸȍȔȐȏȖȊ Ǩ Ǵ ǹȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȑ Ǻ  ǸțșȈ-
ȓȐȧ ǹǷȉ 

Ǵ DzțȏȔȐȕ ǬȈȕȚȖȕ
ǮȐȏȕȤ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ Ƿȋ
  ȹ   ȐȦȕȧ

ǼȑșȎȐșȓțȖȓ
dzțȒȈȊȣȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȐȒ
6
ǰȏ ȕȍșȖȉȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ
37
ǷȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ
Ǵ dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ. ǩȈȓȤȚȈȏȈȘ ǷțȓȤ
53
ǵ ǫțȔȐȓȍȊ ǷȐșȤȔȖ Ȗ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ ǶȚȘȣȊȖȒ
70
Ǩ ǸȍȔȐȏȖȊ DzȈȔȕȐ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǴȈȘȐȧ dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ
72
Ǩ ǸȍȔȐȏȖȊ ȀȗȈȋȈ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘȈ ǴȈȘȐȧ dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ
72
Ǩ ǸȍȔȐȏȖȊ ǬȈȕȚȖȕ ǴȈȘȐȧ dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ
73
Ǵ DzțȏȔȐȕ ǬȈȕȚȖȕ
77
Ǵ dzȨȊȉȍȘȋ DzȘȈȚȒȐȑ ȉȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȖȟȍȘȒ
79
ǷȘȐȔȍȟȈȕȐȧ
87

ǵȈșȚȖȧȡȈȧ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȧ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌțȍȚ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȖ-ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȞȍȓȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈ-
ȟȍȕȈ Ȍȓȧ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȓȐȉȖ ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȊȖșȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍ-
ȕȐȧ Ȑ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕȐȧ ȐȏȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȉȣȓȐ Ȑ Țȗ