Текст
ȆȘȐȑ
ǹǰǬǶǸǶǪ
ǹǺǰǽǶǺǪǶǸǭǵǰȇ
Salamandra P.V.V.
ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊ Ȇ Ǩ
ǹȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ ǪșȚțȗ șȚȈȚȤȐ Ǩ ǩȍȓȖȋȖ ǩ ǹȈȌȖȊșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ǹ
ǹȖȓȖȊȤȍȊȈ ǸȐș Ƕ ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊȖȑ Dzȕ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȐȧ Ǩ ǨȘȈȗȖȊȈ.
— ǩ Ȕ: Salamandra P.V.V., 2021. — 118 c. Ȑȓȓ — (Scripto-
rium).
DzȈȒ șȚȐȝȐ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȤ Ȇ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ -
ȘȈȕȖ țȔȍȘ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȗȖȥȚȈ Ȑȏ ȔȓȈȌȠȍȋȖ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȧ șȐȔȊȖȓȐșȚȖȊ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖ-
ȌȐȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ — Ǩ ǩȍȓȖȋȖ ǹ ǹȖȓȖ-
ȊȤȍȊȈ ǩ ǹȈȌȖȊșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȌȘ Ǫ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȔ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȐ ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ ȊȖș-
ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕ ȗȖșȔȍȘȚȕȣȑ șȉȖȘȕȐȒ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ ©ǹȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧª
Ǫ
ȗȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȧȝ — ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȍșȖȉȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȍȌȐȕșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȒȘȐȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ șȚȈȚȤȧ Ȇ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ ȕȍȒȘȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȏȈȔȍȚ-
ȒȈ ǹ ǹȖȓȖȊȤȍȊȈ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȗȖȌȉȖȘȒȐ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȖȥȚț șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖ-
ȘȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȒȘȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȖȚȏȣȊȖȊ ȕȈ ȗȖșȔȍȘȚȕțȦ ȒȕȐȋț
© Salamandra P.V.V., șȖșȚȈȊ ȗȖȌȋ ȚȍȒșȚȖȊ, ȖȜȖȘȔȓ 2021
ǿȀǶȃǼȀǰǼǾdzǻǶȍ
ȆȘȐȑ ǨȕȈȕȤȍȊȐȟ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊ ȘȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȍ ȕȖȧȉ-
Șȧ ȋȖȌȈ ǺȘȐȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȓȍȚ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȓ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȒȓȈșș
ȉȖȘȐșȖȋȓȍȉșȒȖȑ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȐ Ȑȏ ȊȖșȤȔȖȋȖ ȒȓȈșșȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȊȍȓșȧ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ DzȈȓțȋț ȋȌȍ Ȑ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓ țșȗȍȠȕȖ șȊȖȍ șȘȍȌ-
ȕȍȍ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȐȍ ǶșȍȕȤȦ ȋȖȌȈ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐȕȧȚ Ȋ ȔȖș-
ȒȖȊșȒȐȑ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚ, ȕȈ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜșȒȖȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȐșȚȖ-
ȘȐȒȖ-ȜȐȓȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȈȋȖ ȜȈȒțȓȤȚȍȚȈ 1-ȋȖ ȧȕȊȈȘȧ ȋȖ-
ȌȈ ȆȘȐȑ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊ țȔȍȘ
dzȐȟȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȖ ȘȈȕȖ țȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ ȆȘȐȧ ǹȐȌȖȘȖ-
ȊȈ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȣ ȊȖ ȊșȚțȗȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ șȚȈȚȤȧȝ ȍȋȖ
ȌȘțȏȍȑ ȗȘȍȌȊȈȘȧȦȡȐȝ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȞȊȍȚȕȐȒ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȗȖȥȚȈ
Ǫ șȉȖȘȕȐȒ ȊȒȓȦȟȍȕȣ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȕȣȝ ȞȐȒ-
ȓȈ ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȞȐȒȓȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈȕȍȍ
ȕȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȣ Ȋ ȎțȘȕȈȓȍ «Ǫȍșȣ» ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȗȍȟȈȚȈȍȚșȧ
ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǵȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ șȉȖȘȕȐȒ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ ȐșȟȍȘȗȣȊȈȍȚ Ȋșȍ-
ȋȖ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȆȘȐȍȔ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȣȔ Ȑ Ȋ ȉțȌțȡȍȔ ȊȖȏȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ șȚȐȝȖȊ
«ǨȓȤȞȐȖȕȈ».
ǽǮǺȍȀǶ ȌǾǶȍ ǿǶDzǼǾǼǰǮ
Ǽ ǽ ǺȖȣȎȗșȜȐȎ ȞȖȟ
9
DzǼǾǼDZǼǷ ǽǮǺȍȀǶ Ȍ Ǯ ǿǶDzǼǾǼǰǮ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ Ȗ ȉȍȏȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȟȐȊȠȍȔ Ȇ Ǩ ǹȐȌȖ-
ȘȖȊȍ Ȕȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ țȔȍȘ Ȉ — ș ȕȈȔȐ ȊȖȚ țȎȍ
ȉȖȓȍȍ ȋȖȌȈ ȒȈȒ ȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȕȈș ȗȖȝȐȚȐȓȈ șȔȍȘȚȤ Ȉ ȊȍșȤ ȖȉȓȐȒ
ȍȋȖ — Ȋșȍ ȎȐȊȍȍ Ȋșȍ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȇ Ǩ ȚȍșȕȖ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȤ Țȍȝ
ȒȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȏȕȈȓ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȕȖ șȖȟȍȚȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȗȘȍ-
ȓȖȔȓȧȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȖȌțȠȍȊȓȧȍȚ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ Ȑȏ ȕȈș ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ
șȓȖȎȕȣȍ Ȑ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖȓțȟȈȓȐ
ȖșȖȉȖȍ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȑȝ ȒȈșȈȓșȧ Ȇ Ǩ ǹȓțȠȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ țȔȍȍȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȈș ȍȡȍ ȕȍȔȖ
Ȇ Ǩ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ Ȗ ȗȖȟȐȊȠȍȔ Ȕȕȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȧșȕȣȔ ȖȌ-
ȕȖ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ
ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȋ ȚȖȔ șȔȣșȓȍ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ ȉȣȓ
ȐȔ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȑ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȥȚȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȕțȎȕȍȍ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȐȝ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȝ ȒȕȐȋ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȔțȌȘȍȕȣȝ ȚȘȈȒȚȈȚȖȊ Ǻȍ ȒȚȖ
ȗȖȔȕȐȚ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ ȏȕȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ țȕȍș Ȗȕ ș șȖȉȖȑ Ȗȕ țȕȍș ș șȖ-
ȉȖȑ ȘȍȌȟȈȑȠȐȑ ȌȈȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȖș-
ȞȍȔ ȞȍȓȖȋȖ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȧ ǻ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍȗȖȒȖȓȍȉȐȔȈȧ ȊȍȘȈ
Ȋ ȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȊȣșȖȚț ȟȐșȚȖȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ ȕȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȕȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ țȏȖșȚȐ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐșțȡȍȑ ȓȦȌȧȔ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȕȣ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȔ
Ȋșȍ ȏȈȌȈȚȒȐ ȗȘȖȗȖȊȍȌȕȐȒȈ ȗȘȖȗȖȊȍȌȤ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȔ
șȈȔȖȔ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓ Ȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖȔț ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒț țȔȍȓȖ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓ Ȗȕ ȍȋȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ǷȖșȓȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȉȍșȍȌ
ș ȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȔ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȓțȟȠȍ ȊȐȎț Ȑ șȓȣ-
Ƞț Ȋ șȍȉȍ Țȍ șȚȘțȕȣ ȌțȠȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȏȊțȟȈȓȐ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȉȍșșȖȏ-
ȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ ș ȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȔ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȑșȗȣ-
ȚȣȊȈȓȐ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ǹ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȒȘțȎ-
Ȓȍ Ȗȕ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȌȍȓȈȓșȧ ȞȍȕȚȘȖȔ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ șȈȔȖ șȖ-
ȉȖȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȊȠȐȍ ș ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȣȔ ȝȖȚȤ ȘȈȏ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ — țȎȍ ȕȍ
ȔȖȋȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȉȣȚȤ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ șȈȔ ȧȊȓȧȓșȧ ȖȓȐȞȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍȔ
Ȑ ȊȖȗȓȖȡȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ șȊȧȏȐ ȉȍȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎ-
ȕȈ ȕȐȒȈȒȈȧ ȋȘțȗȗȐȘȖȊȒȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȉ ȊȍȌȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȋȘțȗ-
ȗȐȘȖȊȒȈ ȖȉțșȓȖȊȓȐȊȈȍȚ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖȍ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȑ ȚȊȖȘȟȍ-
șȚȊȈ ȊȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȉȍȏ ȗȘȍțȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȐȧ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȒȖȕ-
ȟȐȕȈ ȆȘȐȧ ǨȕȈȕȤȍȊȐȟȈ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ Ȋ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȞȍȓțȦ
10
ȋȘțȗȗț ȓȐȞ ȊȣșȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȕțȎȕȖ ȊȣșȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȤșȧ șȖȏȌȈȚȤ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ țȎȍ șȖȏȌȈȕȖ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ș ȕȐȔ
țȠȓȖ Ȋ ȔȖȋȐȓț ȞȍȓȖȍ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȒ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȈȎ-
ȕȖȍ Ȍȓȧ ǸȖșșȐȐ Ȇ Ǩ ȉȣȓ șȖȏȌȈȕ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȏȕȈȔȧ Ȍȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȔȈȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȔ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȍȔ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȐȔ ȉȣȓ
ǯȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ — ȟȈșȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ DzȈȒ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ" ǪȍȌȤ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȗȘȐȒȖȊȣ-
ȊȈȍȚ ȕȈȠȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȍȚ Ȋ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȍ ȋȓț-
ȉȖȒȐȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȚȤ
ȓȐȠȤ ȧșȕȖ ȊȐȌȐȔȖȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ șȍȉȧ ȧșȕȖ Ȏȍ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ
ȕȖșȐȠȤ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȕȖșȐȠȤ Ȏȍ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ ȕȖșȐȚȤ ȚțȚ
șȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȍȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ ȉȣȚȤ ȟȍȔ-
ȓȐȉȖ ȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȟȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȞȍȓȤ ȕȍ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕțȚȈ ȍșȓȐ ȝȖ-
ȟȍȠȤ ȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȖșȐȠȤ ȕȖșȐȚȤ Ȋ șȍȉȍ șȊȖȍ «ȧ» ȍȡȍ ȕȍ
ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȐȔ ȉȣȚȤ ȧșȕȖ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȏȕȈ-
ȟȐȚ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ șȓȐȚȤșȧ ș șȖȏȍȘȞȈȍȔȖȑ ȋȓțȉȐȕȖȑ ȉȣȚȤ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐ-
ȕȍ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ ȕȍȑ ȊȖȊșȍ Ȉ șȖȏȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ șȍȉȧ
Țț ȕȍȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȍȔțȦ ȈȚȔȖșȜȍȘț Ȍȓȧ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȍȚ
șȓȖȊ ȆȘȐȑ ǨȕȈȕȤȍȊȐȟ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȎȈȘȒȖ șȓȖȊȈ ȍȋȖ
ȉȣȓȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȣ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȋȐȉȒȐ Ȑ ȚȖȕȒȐ șȊȍ-
ȚȧșȤ ȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤȦ țȔȖȔ Ȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȕȍȊȏȕȈȟȈȑ ȗȖȘȈȎȈȧ
ȥȘțȌȐȞȐȍȑ ȕȖ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ țȔȕȣȍ ȘȍȟȐ ȊȓȍȒȓȐ ȕȈș Ȓ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ-
Ȕț Ƕȕ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȕȍ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȍȔ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȏȈ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȍȋȖ
ȊșȚȈȊȈȓȈ ȕȍȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȍȔȈȧ ȒȘȈșȖȚȈ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȖȑ ȌțȠȐ
ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ șȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȎȍșȚȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȘȐȚȔȍ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌ-
ȝȖȌȐȓ Ȓ ȓȦȌȧȔ
ǰ ȧ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȉțȌȤ Ȗȕ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȍȔ ȖșȚȈȊȐȊȠȐȔ ȗȖșȓȍ
șȍȉȧ ȚȖȔȈ Ȗȕ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȉȣ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȒȕȐȋȈȝ ȚȍȔ ȟȍȔ
Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș Ȗ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ — Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȣ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȗȖȥȚȖȔ:
ȍȋȖ ȦȕȖȠȍșȒȐȍ ȖȗȣȚȣ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊțȦȚ Ȗ ȚȈȓȈȕȚȍ ȚȈȓȈȕȚ
ȊșȗȣȝȕțȊ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȑ ȧȘȒȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȘȈȏȋȖȘȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȝǵȖ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȥȚȖȔ — ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȕȍșȘȈȊ-
ȕȍȕȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȇ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓșȧ ș Ȇ Ǩ ȊșȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȋȖȌ ȌȖ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȕȟȐȕȣ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȑ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓșȧ ș ȕȐȔ ȔȈȓȖ ȕȖ ȒȈȎȌȈȧ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ ȏȈȗȍ-
ȟȈȚȓȍȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌȖȓȋȖ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȕȈ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȖȍ Ȕȕȍ ȌȖșȍȓȍ ȕȍ ȧșȕȖȍ ȘȈșȒȘȣȊȈȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ ȗȖ-
ȒȖȑȕȖȋȖ ȧ ȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ǸȖșșȐȧ ȍșȚȤ Șțș-
șȒȐȍ ǷȖȒȈ șȘȍȌȐ ȝȈȖșȈ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖșȚȐ șȘȍȌȐ ȉȘȖȎȍȕȐȑ ȕȍ-
ȖȒȘȍȗȠȍȑ ȔȣșȓȐ ȐșȚȍȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȖȊ Ȑ ȗțșȚȣȝ ȜȍȑȍȘ-
ȊȍȘȒȖȊ șȓȖȊ șțȡȍșȚȊțȦȚ ȓȦȌȐ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊț ȕȍ ȚȈ-
ȓȈȕȚȓȐȊȣȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȖ Ȑ ȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȔțȌȘȣȍ ȟȍȋȖ ȕȈȔ
ȉȖȧȚȤșȧ ȐȉȖ ș ȕȈȔȐ ǩȖȋ
ǨȕȌȘȍȑ ǩȍȓȣȑ
12
ǽǮǺȍȀǶ DzǾȁDZǮ
ǷȍȘȊȣȍ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȕȣȍ ȖȗȣȚȣ ȆȘȐȧ ȉțȌțȟȐ ȕȍșȖȊȍȘ-
Ƞȍȕȕȣ ȗȖ ȜȖȘȔȍ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȓȐ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȖȔ ȖȉȓȐȟȈȦȡȐȔ ȐșȚȐȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȥȚȈ ȖȕȐ ȐȔȍȓȐ ȎȐȊțȦ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȐȕȌȐȊȐȌțȈȓȤȕțȦ ȜȐ-
ȏȐȖȕȖȔȐȦ ǰșȒȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ șȖȖȉȡȈȓȈ ȥȚȐȔ ȓȖȔȈȦȡȐȔ-
șȧ ȒȈȒ ȦȕȖȠȍșȒȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș șȚȐȝȈȔ ȋȓțȉȖȒțȦ ȌțȝȖȊȕțȦ ȒȘȈ-
șȖȚț ȟțȎȌțȦ ȉȍșȗȖȟȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȋȘțȉȖȋȖ ȥșȚȍȚȐȏȔȈ ǪȗȖșȓȍȌ-
șȚȊȐȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȘȈȎȈȓȈ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȈȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȈ Ȋ ȗȖȥ-
ȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȐ ȆȘȐȧ Ȋ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȊȠȈȧ ȘȖȉȒȖ-
ȋȖ țȟȍȕȐȒȈ Ȋ șȚȘȖȋȖȋȖ Ȑ ȊȏȣșȒȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ
ǷȍȘȊȈȧ ȔȖȧ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ ș ȆȘȐȍȔ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȣȔ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚșȧ Ȓ
ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȍ ȖȒȚȧȉȘȧ ȋ ǵȍ șȚȈȕț ȗȍȘȍȟȐșȓȧȚȤ șȔȍȕț ȘȈȏ-
ȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȟțȊșȚȊ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȕȐȑ ȖșȍȕȧȊȠȐȝ ȆȘȐȧ
Ȋ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȍ șȘȖȒȐ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȑ ȍȋȖ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȔȖȋț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȧ ȆȘȐȧ ȚȖ ȈșȒȍȚȖȔ-ȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȐȒȖȔ ȚȖ ȋțȓȧȒȖȑ
ȗȘȈȏȌȕȣȔ ȚȖ ȞȈȘȍȗȖȒȓȖȕȕȐȒȖȔ ȚȖ ȈȕȈȘȝȐșȚȖȔ — ȧ ȕȍȐȏ-
ȔȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȕȖșȐȓ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȐșȒȘȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȐ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȑ șȘȈȏț Ȑ ȊșȍȞȍȓȖ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȊȈȊ-
ȠȐȝ ȟțȚȒȖȑ ȍȋȖ ȌțȠȖȑ Ǫ ȕȐȝ ȌȣȠȈȓȈ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȌȖșȚțȗȕȈȧ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍȚȧȔ Ȑ ȗȖȥȚȈȔ
Ǫ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȊșȍȋȖ 1907 ȋȖȌȈ ȧ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓșȧ ș
ȆȘȐȍȔ Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȋȖȌț ȝȈȖȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȉȘȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȌțȝȈ ȌȖșȚȐȋ-
ȓȖ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȕȍ ȊȣșȠȍȋȖ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ ǷȘȐȏȘȈȒȐ ǭȋȐȗȚȈ Ȑ ǪȐ-
ȏȈȕȚȐȐ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȖ ȊȓȈȌȍȧ ȍȋȖ ȔȍȟȚȈȔȐ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȕȈșȣȡȈȓȐ
ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȐșȗȣȚțȦȡȍȋȖ țȔȈ șȔțȚȕȈȧ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȕȖșȚȤ ȒȈȒȖ-
ȋȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ șȐȕȚȍȏȈ ȕȍȧșȕȖ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȍȋȖ Ȍț-
ȠȖȑ Ǫ ȔȈȍ ȋ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ș ȆȘȐȍȔ ȗȘȖȍȏȌȖȔ ȟȍȘȍȏ
ǴȖșȒȊț ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕțȦ ȕȍȘȊȕțȦ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȐ ș ȒȈȒȖȦ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȦ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȖȑ Ȓ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȘȐșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤșȧ ǻȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȐȌȍȧ-
ȔȐ ǴȍȘȍȎȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȌȖșȚȐȋȓȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔ Ȋ Țț ȗȖȘț ȕȈȐȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ
ȗȘȍȌȍȓȖȊ ǵȈ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐ ǴȍȘȍȎȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȐȓȐșȤ Ȋșȍ
ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȆȘȐȧ ȌȖ șȈȔȣȝ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ ȍȋȖ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǷȖșȚȖȧȕȕȣȔ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȖȔ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȉȍșȍȌ Ȑȝ ȍș-
ȓȐ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȤșȧ șȚȍȘȎȕȍȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȏȈȐȔȖȖȚȕȖȠȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȖȥȚȖȔ Ȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȔȍȎȌț ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖȔ Ȑ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȤȦ ȇ țȉȍȎȌȈȓ ȆȘȐȧ Ȋ ȉȍșȗȖȓȍȏȕȖșȚȐ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȝ ©Ȑș-
ȒȈȕȐȑ», ȗȖȌȔȍȕȧȦȡȐȝ ȎȐȏȕȍȕȕțȦ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȖșȚȤ ȗȖȌȖ-
ȉȐȍȔ șȓȖȊȍșȕȖȑ șȐȓȣ ǰȏ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ ȗȐșȍȔ ȆȘȐȧ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ
ȓȍȚȖ ȋ
ȧ ȔȖȋ țȉȍȌȐȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȒȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌț ȕȈ
ȗȖȥȏȐȦ ȕȍ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȐȏȧȡȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȈȕȐȍ Ȉ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȖșȖȏȕȈȕȕțȦ
ȌțȠȖȦ șțȡȕȖșȚȤ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȋ ȍȍ ȊȣșȠȍȔ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȖȉȓȍȒȈȍ-
ȔțȦ Ȋ ȜȖȘȔț ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȐ ǷȖȥȚȐȟȍ-
șȒȐȔ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȖȔ ȆȘȐȧ ȉȣȓ ǷțȠȒȐȕ
Ǫ ȖȒȚȧȉȘȍ ȋ ȧ șȕȖȊȈ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓșȧ ș ȆȘȐȍȔ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ
ǰȏȔȍȕȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȔȖȍȑ ȓȐȟȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȖȚȌȈȓȐȓȐ ȕȈș ȌȘțȋ ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȈ Ǵȣ ȘȍȎȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȉȍ-
șȍȌȖȊȈȓȐ ȕȖ ȥȚȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȕȈȠȐ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ
ȖȉȊȍȧȕȣ ȕȍȎȕȖȑ Ȑ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȚȍȗȓȖȚȖȑ ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȈ-
ȉțȌț ȒȈȒ ȕȖȧȉȘȧ ȕȈȒȈȕțȕȍ Ȍȕȧ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȆȘȐȧ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ
Ȕȣ ș ȕȐȔ Ȋ ǬȈȕȐȓȖȊ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȤ ȕȈ ȔȖȋȐȓț ǫȖȋȖȓȧ ǩȣȓȖ țȎȍ
ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ Ȑ Ȕȣ ș ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ ȌȖȎȐȌȈȓȐșȤ ȊȌȊȖȍȔ Ȋ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘșȒȖȑ
ȗȍȒȈȘȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȈ ȐȍȘȖȔȖȕȈȝȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȔȖȋȐȓȍ ǫȖ-
ȋȖȓȧ ȗȈȕȐȝȐȌț DzȘȖȔȍ ȕȈș ȌȊȖȐȝ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈ ȗțșȚȣȕ-
ȕȖȔ Ȑ ȋȓțȝȖȔ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȍ ǬȈȕȐȓȖȊȈ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȧ ǷȖșȓȍ ȗȈȕȐ-
ȝȐȌȣ Ȕȣ ȖȉȖȠȓȐ ȔȖȋȐȓȣ ǽȖȔȧȒȖȊȈ ȇȏȣȒȖȊȈ ǹȈȔȈȘȐȕȈ
ǪȈȓțȍȊȈ Ǵ ǬȔȐȚȘȐȍȊȈ
Ǫ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȍ ȌȍȒȈȉȘȧ ȆȘȐȑ țȍȝȈȓ Ȋ DzȈȓțȋț Ǫ șȈȔȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ
ȖȚȢȍȏȌȈ Ȗȕ ȏȈȠȍȓ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȖȉȕȧȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȖș-
ȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ
ǩȖȘȐș ǹȈȌȖȊșȒȖȑ
14
ȌǾǶǷ ǿǶDzǼǾǼǰ
ǵȈȠȈ ȗȖȥȏȐȧ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓȈ șȖ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ ȆȘȐȧ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ ȕȍ-
șȖȔȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈȟȈȊȠȐȑ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȧȚȤșȧ ȚȈȓȈȕȚ ȚȈȓȈȕȚ șȚȘȖ-
ȋȐȑ ȏȈȒȈȓȈ ǷțȠȒȐȕșȒȖȑ ȗȓȍȧȌȣ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ǩȈ-
ȘȈȚȣȕșȒȖȔț ȌȘțȏȤȧ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓȐ ȘȍȌȒȖȋȖ ȌȘțȋȈ ȖșȚȘȖțȔȕȖȋȖ
Ȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒȈ ȚȖȕȒȖȋȖ ȌȍȓȐȒȈȚȕȖȋȖ,
țȔȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȚȈȐȚȤ ȔțȟȍȕȐȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȘȈȏțȔȈ Ȑ șȍȘȌȞȈ Ȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ
ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȓȦȌȧȔ ȉȖȌȘȖșȚȤ Ȑ țȚȍȠȍȕȐȍ
Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȉȘȈȓ Ȉ ȌȈȊȈȓ Ȑ ȌȈȊȈȓ ȡȍȌȘȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ Ȗȕ ȋȖȘȍȓ ȕȍ-
țșȚȈȕȕȖ Ȑ Ȑȏ ȔțȒ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȖȏȕȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȕȐȧ ȊȣȕȖșȐȓ Ȑȏȧȡ-
ȕȣȑ Ȑ ȖșȚȘȖțȔȕȣȑ ȔȈȌȘȐȋȈȓ Ȋ șȚȐȓȍ ;9,,, ȊȍȒȈ ȗȘȖșȚȖȌțȠ-
ȕțȦ Ȑ ȟȈȘțȦȡțȦ țȓȣȉȒț
ǵȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȚȣ șȖȟȍȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȆȘȐȍ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȍ.
ǶȒȈȔȍȕȍȓȖȍ ȎȍȓȚȖȍ ȉȍȏȊȖȓȖșȖȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȍ ȕȈ ȔȈșȒț ȓȐȞȖ
ȍȋȐȗȍȚșȒȖȋȖ ȈșȒȍȚȈ ȖȎȐȊȓȧȓȖșȤ ȌȍȚșȒȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ Ƕȕ ȓȦȉȐȓ
ǪȐȏȈȕȚȐȦ Ȑ ȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ ȖȚȞȖȊ ǪȖșȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ ǹȈȔ ȟȐȚȈȓ
ȕȈ ȒȓȐȘȖșȍ Ȑ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ «ȈȕȈȋȕȖșȚȖȔ» Ȗȕ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȜȘȈȕ-
ȞțȏșȒȐȑ ;9,,, ȊȍȒ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ǪȈȓȤȚȍȘȈ ǹȒȖȚȚȈ Ȑ ǫȍȕșȉȖȘȖ
ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȚȐȝȐ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȣ ȧȌȖȔ ǩȍȘȌșȓȍȧ Ȑ ǹȖȔȖȊȈ.
Ǫ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȔ ȗȐșȤȔȍ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȖȚ ȌȍȒȈȉȘȧ ȋ Ȗȕ ȗȐ-
șȈȓ ©ǽȖȟȍȚșȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ ǪȈȔ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ,
ȒȖȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȍȓȐșȤ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤȦ ǬȍȘȎȈȊȕȣȍ, ȊȓȈ-
șȚȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ, ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȏȈȔȣȒȈȦȚ ȖȕȐ șȊȧȚȣȕȐ ȌțȠȍȊȕȣȍ Ȑ
ȝȘȈȕȧȚ Ȑȝ ȖȚ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȈȕȚȐȝȘȐșȚȖȊȣȝ șȓțȋ “ǶȋȕȤ ǩȖȎȍ-
șȚȊȈ ȊȕȐȌȍ Ȋ țȚȘȖȉț ǴȈȘȐȐ”, — “ȕȍȏȈȝȖȌȐȔȖȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȋȘȧȌȍȚ
ȊȖșșȐȧȚȤ Ȑȏ ȌȍȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȓȈȒȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȊȍȚȐȚȤ ȊșȦ ȗȖȌșȖȓ-
ȕȍȟȕțȦ”, — Ȑ “ǴȓȈȌȍȕȍȞ ȔȐȘȖȌȍȘȎȈȊȕȣȑ ȘȖȌȐȓșȧ”: “ȕȍȉȖ
— ȊȍȘȚȍȗ ȗȘȍșȚȖȓ ȝȍȘțȊȐȔșȒȐȑ — ȌȘȍȊȖ´ ǭȔț ȕȖ Ȑ ³ȧșȓȐ
— ȗȘȍșȚȖȓ ȖȋȕȍȏȘȈȟȕȣȑ´ Ȑ șȍ ³ȝȍȘțȊȐȔ ȖȚșȚțȗȈȍȚ ȖȚ ȌȘȍ-
ȊȈ ȎȐȏȕȐ” Ȑ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȖȉȡȈȍȔșȧ ȘȈȑșȒȖȑ ȗȐȡȐ ȅȌȍȔȈª
ǰ ȌȈȓȍȍ
©ǶȚ ȧȏȣȟȍșȚȊȈ ȗȘȈȏȌȕțȍȚșȧ ǵȖȊȣȑ ǫȖȌ ȕȖ -ȋȖ ȧȕȊȈȘȧ
ȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȕȖ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤȦ ǪȈșȐȓȐȑ ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ
ȥȚȈ “ȔȖȓȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȗȖȊȍȌȈȕȐȧ”, “ȚȘțȉȈ ǩȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȋȘȖȔȈ”,
³șȊȍȚȖȕȖșȕȣȑ ȚȈȐȕȕȐȒ ǽȘȐșȚȖȊ ǪȈșȐȓȐȑ”ª Ȑȏ ȒȖȕȌȈȒȈ ȕȈ
15
ǶȉȘȍȏȈȕȐȍ ǫȖșȗȖȌȕȍ
ǵȖ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȖȏȕȈȧ șȚȖȘȖȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȌțȠȐ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓȈ ȕȈȑȚȐ
ȊȖȗȓȖȡȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȍ Ǫ șȚȐȝȈȝ ȍȋȖ Ȕȣ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȔ ȗȘȍ-
ȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȟȍȒȈȕȒț ȜȖȘȔȣ ȐȏȧȡȍșȚȊȖ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ
ȘȖȔȈȕȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ
ǶȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȝ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȊ ȏȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉȣȓ Ȍȓȧ
ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ ȊȖȗȘȖș Ȗ șțȌȤȉȍ ǷțȠȒȐȕȈ Ȑ ǫȖȋȖȓȧ Ǫ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȗȐ-
șȤȔȍ ȖȚ ȌȍȒȈȉȘȧ 8 ȋ Ȗȕ ȗȐșȈȓ:
«ǪȓȈȌȍȦȚ ȔȕȖȦ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȌȖȗȘȍȎȤ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȣȍ ȌțȔȣ Ȗ ǫȖ-
ȋȖȓȍ șȊȧȏȈȕȣ ȖȕȐ ș ȋȖȘȤȒȐȔȐ Ȑ ȚȍȘȗȒȐȔȐ ȔȣșȓȧȔȐ Ȗ ȏȕȈ-
ȟȍȕȐȐ Ȑ șȔȣșȓȍ ȗȖȥȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȌȍȓȈȕȐȧ ǹȓȈȌȒȐȔ Ȑ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȔ
ȊȐȕȖȔ ȕȈȗȖȧȍȚ ȌțȠȐ ȕȈȠȐ ǫȖȋȖȓȤ ȕȖ ȟȈșȚȖ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ
ȖȕȖ Ȋ țȒșțș șȔȍȠȈȕȕȣȑ ș ȎȍȓȟȤȦ».
Ǫ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȈ ȖșȍȕȤ 1 ȋ
ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊ
ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖșȚȈȊȓȧȧ ǷțȠȒȐȕȈ ǫȖȋȖȓȦ șȒȓȖȕȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȚȤ
ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȚȍȕȐȧ ȊȚȖȘȖȔț ǫȖȋȖȓȤ ȧȊȓȧȓșȧ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȖșȐȚȍ-
ȓȍȔ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȈșȒȍȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȐȌȍȈȓȈ ǷțȠȒȐȕ — ȐȌȍȈ-
ȓȈ ȧȏȣȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ǩȖȘȤȉȈ ǫȖȋȖȓȧ Ȑ ǷțȠȒȐȕȈ Ȋ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ
ȗȖȥȏȐȐ ȧȊȓȧȓȈșȤ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȖȋȖ ǴȍȘȍȎȒȖȊșȒȐȔ șȖȏȕȈ-
ȕȐȧ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ǽȘȐșȚȈ Ȑ ȈȕȚȐȝȘȐșȚȈ
ȅȚȐ ȌȊȈ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȉȖȘșȚȊțȦȡȐȍ ȐȌȍȈȓȈ ȊȖȗȓȖȡȈȓȐșȤ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍ-
ȋȖ Ȋ ȖȉȘȈȏȈȝ ȌȊțȝ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȖȊ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒ ȕȈ DzȈȘȗȈȚȈȝ Ȑȏ «ǹȚȘȈȠ-
ȕȖȑ ȔȍșȚȐ» Ȑ ©ǴȍȌȕȣȑ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒ» ǵȖ ȥȚȈ șȝȍȔȈ șȒȖȘȖ ȉȣȓȈ
ȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȈ ǷȖșȓȍ ȓȍȚȈ ȋ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ șȚȘȈșȚȕȣȔ
ȗțȠȒȐȕȐȈȕȞȍȔ ǷțȠȒȐȕ ȉȣȓ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȧȏȣȟȕȐȒȖȔ
Ȉ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȔ ȉȖȋȖȔ ȗȖȋȐȉȈȦȡȐȔ Ȋ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ ș ȚȐȚȈȕȈȔȐ ȔȘȈ-
ȒȈ ǷȖȔȕȦ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȍȋȖ Ȗ ǷțȠȒȐȕȍ
ǷȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȦ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ǷțȠȒȐȕȈ Ȓ ǵ ǵ ǫȖȕȟȈ-
ȘȖȊȖȑ ȉȣȓȈ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ Ȑ ȘȖȒȖȊȖȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ ȍȋȖ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǫȖȕȟȈȘȖȊȈ ȧȊȓȧȓȈșȤ Ȍȓȧ ǴȈȌȖȕȕȖȑ Ȋ ȐșȚȐȕȕȖȔ șȔȣșȓȍ ȚȍȔ
«ȕȍȗȖșȚȐȎȕȣȔ țȔț ȊȐȌȍȕȐȍȔ», ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȧȊȐȓȖșȤ ȉȍȌȕȖȔț
ȘȣȞȈȘȦ ǷȘȐȟȐȕȈ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ ǷțȠȒȐȕȈ ȒȖȘȍȕȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȈȔȖȑ ȍȋȖ
ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȓ ǫȖȕȟȈȘȖȊȖȑ Ȉ șȚȈȘȣȑ ǫȍȒȒȍȘȕ ȧȊȓȧȓșȧ ȏȓȣȔ dzȖȒ-
ȒȐ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȊȠȐȔ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȖȋȖ ǩȈȓȤȌȍȘȈ.
ǰ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȕȖȊȣȔ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȍȔ ǷțȠȒȐȕȈ ț ǹȐȌȖ-
ȘȖȊȈ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȍȚșȧ țȎȈș ȗȍȘȍȌ ǫȖȋȖȓȍȔ Ǫ ȗȘȍȌșȔȍȘȚȕȖȑ ȈȋȖ-
ȕȐȐ Ȗȕ ȗȐȠȍȚ «ǷȖșȍȡȍȕȐȍ»:
16
«ǬȈȊȕȖ ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȥȚȈ
ǷȖȝȖȘȖȕȐȓȐ Ȕȣ, Ȉ Ȗȕ
ǷȘȐȝȖȌȐȚ Ȓ ȕȈȔ ș ȚȖȋȖ-ȚȖ șȊȍȚȈ
DzȈȒ ȕȍ ȉȣȊȈȓȖ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕ
ǵȍ ȐȏȔȍȕȧșȤ ȕȐȟțȚȤ ȖȉȓȐȟȤȍȔ,
ǷȘȐȌȍȚ ȒȐȊȕȍȚ ȓȐȞȖ șȊȖȍ
ǹȒțȓȈșȚȖȍ Ȑ ș ȕȖșȖȔ ȗȚȐȟȤȐȔ,
Ǫșȍ ȖșȚȘȖȍ ȒȈȒ ȓȍȏȊȐȍ
DzȈȒ ȗȖȓȖșȈ ȌȈȔȈșșȒȖȑ șȚȈȓȐ,
ǷȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚ Ȓ ȕȈȔ ȉȣȓȖȑ ȖȋȖȕȤ
ǹȊȍȘȒȕȍȚ Ȋ ȖȟȈȝ Ȉ Ȕȣ «ȕȍ ȎȌȈȓȐ
Ǻȍȉȧ» ȚȊȍȘȌȐȔ ȍȔț «ȕȍ ȚȘȖȕȤ,
Ǫ ǬȈȕȐȓȖȊȖȔ ȚȊȖȧ ȔȖȋȐȓȈ
ǺȈȔ ȌȖȎȐȌȈȑșȧ șțȌȕȣȝ ȚȘțȉ».
ǯȌȍșȤ ȚȘțȗ ȕȖ ȌȐȊȕȖ ȖȏȈȘȐȓȈ
ǭȋȖ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ ȋțȉ
ǰ ȎțȚȒȖ ȎțȚȒȖ ȗȖ-ȐȕȖȔț
ǪșȍȔ ȊȌȘțȋ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ǿȚȖ ȋȘȧȕȍȚ ȊȍșȚȤ «ȗȖ-ȐȔȍȕȕȖȔț»
ǿȘȍȏ ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȊȠțȦșȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ǿȚȖ șȍȑ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȒ ȕȍ ȖȚ ǩȖȋȈ ȓȤ"
ǷȘȐȠȓȍȞ ȗȘȐȝȖȌ ȗȖȕȧȚȍȕ ȚȊȖȑ
ǰ șȚȘȈȠȍȕ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȔ ȌțȠȈȔ ǫȖȋȖȓȤ
ǴȍȘȚȊȍȞ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞ ș ȌțȠȖȑ ȎȐȊȖȑ».
ǶȒȘțȎȈȦȡȈȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȌȈȊȐȓȈ ȆȘȐȧ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ
ǫȖȋȖȓȍȊșȒȐȔ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȖȔ ǰ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȈ ȕȈȟȈȓ Ȗȕ
ȊȖȏȌȊȐȋȈȚȤ șȚȘȖȗȐȓȈ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ șȊȖȍȑ țȎȍ ǷțȠȒȐȕȐȈȕșȒȖȑ ȗȖȥ-
ȏȐȐ ǹ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟȕȖȑ ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȌȕȐ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ ȟȐȚȈȍȚ Ȗȕ ȘȖȔȈȕȣ ǪȈȓȤȚȍȘȈ ǹȒȖȚȚȈ ȟțȚȤ ȓȐ ȕȍ ȗȖ ȘȖȔȈ-
ȕț Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȐȡȈ Ȋ ȘȈȏțȔȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȖȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȕȖȑ ȒȘȈ-
șȖȚȍ ǪȈȓȤȚȍȘȈ ǹȒȖȚȚȈ ȖȘțȎȐȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȖȉșȚȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȍȋȖ ȐȏȊȕȍ
Ȑ ȐȏȕțȚȘȐ ȝȈȖșȈ
ǷȖȥȏȐȧ ȆȘȐȧ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ — ȏȖȓȖȚȈȧ șȚȘȍȓȈ ǨȗȖȓȓȐȕȐȏ-
ȔȈ ǵȖȟȕȈȧ șȚȖȘȖȕȈ ȌțȠȐ ȍȋȖ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȈȠȓȈ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȚȈ-
ȒȐȝ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧȝ ȒȈȒ «dzȖȎȍ», «ǷȖșȍȡȍȕȐȍ» Ǫ ȘȧȌȍ ȐȌȐȓ-
ȓȐȑ Ȑ ȥȓȍȋȐȑ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȚȣȊȈȍȚ ȗȖȥȚ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈȔȐ ȊȣȚȒȈȕȕȣȑ
ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ Ȑ ȞȊȍȚȈȔȐ ȒȖȊȍȘ ȖȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȕȖ-ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ǰ Ȋ ȞȍȕȚ-
Șȍ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ țȎȍ ȧșȕȖ ȊȣȘȐșȖȊȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȓȐȒ ȍȋȖ Ȕțȏȣ
ȖȏȈȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȘțșȚȕȖȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȖȑ ȖșȍȕȐ
«ǰ Ȋ Ȕțȏȍ țȏȕȈȦ ȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȑ
ǷȘȍȓȍșȚȕȣȍ Ȑ ȕȍȎȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȚȣ».
ȅȚȖȚ ȐȌȍȈȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȟȐșȚȖ-ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ
șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȑ ȖȚ ȔȐșȚȐȞȐȏȔȈ ȈȕȚȐȟȕȖȑ, ǷțȠȒȐȕșȒȖȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ
ȆȘȐȑ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊ țȒȘȈșȐȓ ȖȚȕȣȕȍ ȕȍȐȏȋȓȈȌȐȔȣȔ șȖ șȚȘȈȕȐȞ
ȕȈȠȍȑ ȓȐȘȐȒȐ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ǨȓȐȕȣ
ǹȍȘȋȍȑ ǹȖȓȖȊȤȍȊ
ǿȀǶȃǼȀǰǼǾdzǻǶȍ ȌǾǶȍ ǿǶDzǼǾǼǰǮ
21
ǺȁǵǮ
ǩȣȊȈȍȚ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȖ Ȑ țȕȣȓȖ
Ǫ ȔȖȍȑ ȌțȠȍ ǻȊȣ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȚ
ǩȍșȒȘȣȓȈȧ ȉȍȏ șȐȓ ȌțȠȈ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȏȈȉȣȓȈ
ǹȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȔȐȓȖȑ ȕȍȚ ȇ — ȕȍ ȗȖȥȚ
ǪȖșȚȖȘȋȐ ȋȖȘȌȣȍ ȔȖȓȐȚȊ Ȑ șȓȈȊȖșȓȖȊȐȑ
ǰȋȘȖȦ ȋȘțșȚȕȣȝ ȋȘȍȏ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȏȈȔȍȕȍȕȣ
ǰ ȎȘȍȉȐȑ ȋȖȘȍșȚȐ Ȕȕȍ ȊȣȗȈȌȈȍȚ ȊȕȖȊȍ
ǬȈȘțȧ ȊȕȖȊȤ Ȑ șȒȖȘȉȤ Ȑ ȏȓȣȍ șȕȣ
Ǫ ȔȐȕțȚȈȝ ȎțȚȒȐȝ ȧ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȐȠȐȕȍ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ
ǴȖȓȟț Ȑ ȟțȚȒȖ ȎȌț Ȑ șȓȣȠț ȧșȕȖ ȚȈȒ
ǹȖȏȊțȟȤȍ ȟțȌȕȖȍ șȖȒȘȣȚȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȔțȏȣȒȖȑ
dzȖȉȏȈȕȤȍ ȓȍȋȒȖȍ ǯȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ ȏȕȈȒ
DzȈȒ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ șȚțȒ șȍȑ ȏȊțȒ ȕȍȐȏȢȧșȕȐȔȣȑ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȗȘȍȌȊȈȘȐȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȔȖȓȊȓȦ ǴțȏȈ Țȣ"
ǰ Ȋ Ǵțȏȍ țȏȕȈȦ ȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȑ
ǷȘȍȓȍșȚȕȣȍ Ȑ ȕȍȎȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȚȣ
22
DzȚȖ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȐ Ȉȓȓȍȑ
ǯȖȊȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ șȚȍȕȧ ȘȣȌȈȍȚ
©Ƕ ȘȣȞȈȘȤ ȔȖȑ șȗȍȠȐ șȒȖȘȍȑ
DzȖȓȌțȕ ǨȓȐȕț ȗȖȝȐȡȈȍȚª
ǹȗȍȠț șȗȍȠț ȚȊȖȑ ȊȍȘȕȣȑ ȌȘțȋ
ǹȘȈȎț șȘȈȎț ȖȌȕȐȔ țȌȈȘȖȔ
ǵȖ ȠȗȈȋȈ ȗȈȌȈȍȚ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ
ǴȈȋȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȗȖȌȊȓȈșȚȕȈ ȟȈȘȈȔ
23
ǶDzǶǹǹǶȍ
ǶȚ ȎȈȘȣ Ȑ ȚȖȔȕȖȑ ȓȍȕȐ
ǶȚțȗȍȓ ȧ Ȑ ȏȈȚȐȝ
ǯȈȗȣȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȒțșȚ șȐȘȍȕȐ
DzȘȖȍȚ ȉȈȘȣȠȍȕȤ ȔȖȐȝ
ǰȔ ȕȍ șȚȘȈȠȍȕ ȗȖȓȌȍȕȤ ȎȈȘȒȐȑ
ǵȍ ȕțȎȕȈ ȐȔ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȚȍȕȤ
ǯȈȕȧȚ șȗȍȓȣȝ ȧȋȖȌ ȊȈȘȒȖȑ
ǺȘțȌȖȊȖȑ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ
ǻ ȗȓȍȚȕȧ ȋȌȍ ȊȉȐȚȣ ȒȖȓȤȧ
ȁȍȗȖȒ ȋȘțȌȈ Ȑ ȚȈȋȈȕ
ǸȈșȒȈȓȍȕȕȣȍ țȋȖȓȤȧ
DzȘȈșȧȚ ȡȍȒȐ Ȋ ȞȊȍȚ ȘțȔȧȕ
ǪȤȦȚșȧ ȓȈȒȖȔȣȍ ȔȖȠȒȐ
ǵȖ ȘȍȊȕȐȊ ȝȖȏȧȑșȒȐȑ ȋȓȈȏ
ǰ șȚțȟȈȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȓȖȎȒȐ
Ƕ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȑ ȔȍȌȕȣȑ ȚȈȏ
ǺȍȔȕȖ-ȘȖȏȖȊȣȑ ȖȚȚȍȕȖȒ
Ǩȓȣȝ ȊȐȠȍȕ ȕȈ Ȗȋȕȍ
«ǴȐȓȣȑ ǮȖȘȎ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȗȍȕȖȒ"»
ǷȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȦȚ Ȕȕȍ Ȗȕȍ
«ǵȍȚ ȕȍ ȗȍȕȖȒ ǩȍȏ șȖȔȕȍȕȤȧ
ȇ șțȌȈȘȣȕȧ ȕȍ ȋȓțȗ —
ǶȚ ȊȐȠȕȍȊȖȋȖ ȊȈȘȍȕȤȧ
ǹȓȈȡȍ ȊȒțș ȓȦȉȐȔȣȝ ȋțȉ».
ǹȔȍȝ Ȑ ȕȍȎȕȖȍ ȒȖȒȍȚșȚȊȖ
Ƕ ȊȈȘȍȕȤȍ ȓȍȚȖ ȓȍȕȤ
24
ǷȖȏȌȕȧȧ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ
ǯȈȗȣȓȍȕȕȈȧ șȐȘȍȕȤ
25
ǺǶǻȁȀǮ
DzȈȒȈȧ șȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ ȖȚȘȈȌȈ
Ǫ ȐșȝȖȌȍ ȓȍȚȈ ȧșȕȣȔ ȌȕȍȔ
ǹȘȍȌȐ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȝ ȒȓȍȕȖȊ șȈȌȈ
ǹȐȌȍȚȤ ș ǨȓȐȕȖȦ ȊȌȊȖȍȔ!
ǶȚȒȐȕțȊȠȐ ȘțȒȈȊ ȒȐșȍȑȕȣȑ,
DzȈȒ ȍȑ ȌȖșȈȌȕȖ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤ
ǸțȒȖȦ ȚȖȕȒȖȑ Ȑ ȓȐȓȍȑȕȖȑ
ǪȖȓȖș ȖȚȉȐȊȠțȦșȧ ȗȘȧȌȤ
DzȘțȋȖȔ ȗȖȒȖȑ ȘȖȑ ȔȖȠȍȒ ȊȤȍȚșȧ
Ǩ ȋȖȓțȉȈȧ ȚȊȍȘȌȤ ȟȐșȚȈ
ǸȐșțȧșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȕȍ ȠȍȓȖȝȕȍȚșȧ
ǯȐȋȏȈȋ ȒȓȍȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȓȐșȚȈ
ǷȘȐȕȖșȐȚșȧ ȏȍȜȐȘȕȣȔ ȚȖȒȖȔ
ǩȓȈȋȖțȝȈȕȤȍ ȗȖȏȌȕȐȝ ȘȖȏ
ǺȈȔ Ȋ ȊȖȌȖȍȔȍ ȕȍȋȓțȉȖȒȖȔ,
ǿțȚȤ șȓȣȠȍȕ șȚțȒ ȝȘțșȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ șȓȍȏ
ǫȖȘȐȚ ȖȋȕȍȔ ȓȈȏțȘȕȣȔ țȘȕȈ
Ǫșȧ șȐȕȐȝ ȊȈșȐȓȤȒȖȊ ȗȖȓȕȈ
ǰ ȉȤȍȚ ȔȐȕțȚȈ ȗțșȚȤ ȖȌȕȈ —
ǵȍ ȊȍȘȐȠȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȋ ȔȖȡȤ ǹȈȚțȘȕȈ
26
ȂǾǮǵȉ
ǹ Ǵ ǹȖȓȖȊȤȍȊț
ǷȖȓȌȕȍȊȕȣȑ ȏȕȖȑ Ȑ Ȕȣ Ȋ ȉȍșȍȌȒȍ
ǨȓȐȕȈ ȔȐȓȈȧ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ
ǵȈȌ ȊȝȖȌȖȔ ȗȣȠȕȖȦ ȓȐșȚȊȖȑ
ǬțȠȐșȚȣȝ ȓȐȗ șȊȐșȈȦȚ ȊȍȚȒȐ
ǶȔȉȘȍȓȤȦ ȒȘțȎȍȊȕȖȑ ȐȋȘȈȧ
Ǻȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ «ȅȚȖȚ șȈȌ
ǵȈ ȔȖȑ ȗȘȖȊȐȕȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ
ǷȖȝȖȌȐȚ ȕȈ ȗȘȍȌȌȊȍȘȤȧ ǸȈȧ».
Ǩ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȏȈ ȈȘȜȖȑ ȕȍȎȕȖȑ
Ǻȣ ȗȍȓȈ ȋȖȓȖș ȚȊȖȑ ȏȊțȟȈȓ
DzȈȒ ȘțȟȍȑȒȈ ȏȊțȟȐȚ ȒȘȐșȚȈȓȓ
ǯȊȍȕȧ Ȗ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȗȘȐȉȍȘȍȎȕȣȑ
«ǷȘȐȌȐ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȌȈȘțȑ ȉȓȈȎȍȕșȚȊȖ»
Ǩ ȏȈ ǪȖȓȤȚȍȘȖȔ ȋȘȈȜ-ȖȚȍȞ
ǪȖȘȟȈȓ «ǵȈșȚțȗȐȚ ȓȐ ȒȖȕȍȞ
ǰȕȚȘȐȋȈȔ ȏȓȖȉȕȣȔ ȌțȝȖȊȍȕșȚȊȈ"»
27
ǶDzǶǹǹǶȍ
Ǫ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȚȘȈȊȍ ȓȍȎȐȔ Ȕȣ ȘȧȌȖȔ
ǹȦȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȗȖȒȖș;
ǫȓȧȎț ȗȖȓțȊȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ
ȇ ȕȈ țȉȖȘ șȗȓȍȚȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȖș
ǰ ȒȈȒ Țȣ șȚȘȖȋȖ șȎȈȓȈ ȋțȉȒȐ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ ȗȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ
ǹȊȍȘȒȕțȓȐ șȉȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȦȉȒȐ
ǹȊȖȍȑ ȒȘȈȝȔȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȉȍȓȐȏȕȖȑ
DzțșȈȦȚ ȊȤȦȡȐȍșȧ ȔȖȠȒȐ
ǷȘȖȊȖȘȕȣ ȌȍȘȏȒȐ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȐ
ǭȍ ȗȓȍȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȕȖȎȒȐ
ǹȒȊȖȏȤ ȕȍȗȘȐȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȟțȓȒȐ
ǫȓȧȎț ȒȈȒ ȊȌȈȓȍȒȍ șȈȌȖȊȕȐȒ
DzȖȗȈȍȚ Ȑȏ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȒȘȖȚȖȊ
ǵȈ ȖȚȞȊȍȚȈȦȡȐȑ ȠȐȗȖȊȕȐȒ
Ǫ ȕȈȘȧȌȍ Ȉȓȣȝ ȓȍȗȍșȚȒȖȊ
ǰ ȚȈȒ Ȕȕȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȟȚȖ ȘȤȧȕȖ
DzȘȐȟț Țȍȉȍ ©ǨȓȐȕȈ ȧ
ȇ—ȕȍșȈȚȐȘȚȣ—ȕȍǬȐȈȕȈ —
ǰȏȊȖȓȤ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧª
Ǫ ȗȘȐȚȊȖȘȕȖȔ ȗȓțȚȖȊșȒȖȔ Ȑșȗțȋȍ
ǫȘȖȏȐȠȤ Ȕȕȍ ©ǹȓțȠȈȑ ǮȖȘȎ ȕȍ ȚȘȖȕȤª
ǰ ȧ șȒȓȖȕȧșȤ Ȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȖȌȘțȋȍ
ǾȍȓțȦ țȏȒțȦ ȓȈȌȖȕȤ
©DzȈȒȖȑ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ Ȋȣ ȏȈȚȍȑȕȐȒª
Ǻȣ ȠȍȗȟȍȠȤ ȊȈȎȕȖ ©ǩȖȎȍ Ȉȝ
ǹȔȖȚȘȐ Ȏȍ ǮȖȘȎ ȚțȚ ȔțȘȈȊȍȑȕȐȒª
ǰ șȘȈȏț ȖȉȈ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȈȝ
28
ǿdzǻȀǶǺdzǻȀǮǹȊǻȉǷ ǿǼǻ
Ƕ Ƿ ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊȖȑ
Ǩȝ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȓȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȖȉȔȈȕȈ
ǺțȔȈȕȈ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȕȈ"
ǻȎȍȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȋȘȍȏȈ ȖȌȕȈ"
ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ — ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȚȍ Ȋȣ
ǷȖȌ șȍȕȤȦ Ȋȍșȍȕȕȍȑ ȓȐșȚȊȣ
ǷȖ ȗȈȘȒț ȏȍȓȍȕȖȔț ȘȈȕȖ
ǪȖȚ ȊȐȎț — ȓȦȉȐȔȐȞȈ ȏȓȈȧ
ǹȊȖȑ ȊȣȋȕțȊ țȗȘțȋȐȑ ȝȘȍȉȍȚ
ǯȈ ȊȈȔȐ șȚțȗȈȍȚ ȊȖșȓȍȌ
ǵȈȌȔȍȕȕȖ șȚțȗȈȍȚ ȉȖȘȏȈȧ
ǾȊȍȚȍȚ ȘȈȏȓȐȊȈȍȚ ȒțȘȚȐȕȈ
ǼȐȈȓȖȒ ȓȐȓȖȊȣȑ ȖȋȖȕȤ
Ǩȝ ǻȏȒȈȧ ȊȈȠȈ ȓȈȌȖȕȤ
ǪȍȌȤ ȚȖȎȍ ȞȊȍȚȖȒ Ȗ ǨȓȐȕȈ
ǶȘȍȠȕȐȒ șȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȊȈȔ ȋȐȉȒȐȑ
ȇ ȊȈȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȗȘȖ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ
ǵȖ ȚȖȕȒȈȧ ȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ ȉȘȖȊȤ
ǵȈșȔȍȠȒȖȦ ȕȍȎȕȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȐ
ǯȈȟȍȔ ȚȈȒ țȝȖȌȐȚȍ șȒȖȘȖ"
ǷȘȖșȚȐ ȔȐȓȣȑ șȖȕ ȔȖȑ ȗȘȖșȚȐ
Ǩȝ șȕȖȊȈ ȔȖȋț ȊȈș ȕȈȑȚȐ
ȇ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȈ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȍ ǫȥȕșȉȖȘȖ
29
ǼǹdzǼDZǾǮȂǶȍ
ǪȍȘȝȖȔ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȔȍȓȤȕȐȟȕȖȑ ȗȓȖȚȐȕȣ
ǹȗțșȚȐȊ ȗȖȊȖȌȤȧ ȍȌȍȚ ȓȖȘȌ
ǼȘȈȒ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȓȖșȐȕȣ
ǰ ȒȘȈȋȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȉȖȚȜȖȘȚ
Ǩ ȘȧȌȖȔ Ȋ șȐȕȍȑ ȈȔȈȏȖȕȒȍ
ǴȐȓȥȌȐ șȓȍȌțȍȚ șȒȓȖȕȐȊ
ǹȊȖȑ șȚȈȕ ȏȈȚȧȕțȚȣȑ Ȑ ȚȖȕȒȐȑ
DzȘțȋȖȔ ȘȧȌȣ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȝ ȐȊ
ǺȈȔ ȊȌȈȓȍȒȍ ȏȈ ȚȍȔȕȣȔ ȗȈȘȒȖȔ
ǹȊȍȘȒȈȍȚ ȏȈȔȖȒ ȉȍȓȐȏȕȖȑ
ǰ Ȋ ȉȓȍșȒȍ ȗțȘȗțȘȕȖȔ Ȑ ȧȘȒȖȔ
ǻȝȖȌȐȚ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȒȖȑ
Ǫșȍ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȔ ȏȈȓȐȚȖ
ǩȍȏȔȖȓȊȕȖ ȗȖȋȈșȈȍȚ ȌȍȕȤ
ǰ ȏȊȧȒȕȍȚ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȖȘȖȑ ȒȖȗȣȚȖ
Ƕ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐȑșȧ ȒȘȍȔȍȕȤ
30
ǷȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȑ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓșȧ
ǪȍȟȍȘȕȐȑ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚ
DzȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȘȈȏȓȐȓșȧ
ǷțȘȗțȘȕȣȑ Ȉȓȣȑ ȗȖȕȚ
ǹȊȍȘȒȈȍȚ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȏȖȘȖȔ
ǹȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȑ ȋȓȖȉțș ȚțȔȉ
ǰȏȣșȒȈȕȕȣȔ țȏȖȘȖȔ
ǾȊȍȚȖȟȒȐ ȒȘțȋȓȣȝ ȒȓțȔȉ
dzȦȉȊȐ ǵȈȌȍȎȌȣ ǪȍȘȣ
ǸȐșțȦȚ ȐȕȞȐȈȓ
ǪȖȚ ȠȍȗȟțȚ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘȣ
ǴȈȌȈȔȈȔ ȔȈȌȘȐȋȈȓ
ǫȖȘȐȚ ȘțȔȧȕȍȞ ȎȈȘȒȐȑ
ǰ ȊȣȌȈȍȚ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋ
ǯȈ ȊȐȕȖȋȘȈȌȕȖȑ ȈȘȒȖȑ
ǪȍȌțȚ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȣȑ ȚȖȘȋ
ǰȝ ȔȈȕȐȚ Ȋșȍȝ ȌȖȘȖȋȈ
Ǫ ȗȓȦȡȖȔ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȋȘȖȚ
Ǩȝ ȗȘȈȊȖ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ
ǷȖȚȘȍȉȕȖ ȚțȚ ȝȓȖȗȖȚ
ǪȍȌȤ ǵȐȔȜȣ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȣ
ǶȚȊȈȎȕȖȔț Ȑȏ ȕȈș
ǰșȗțȋȐ Ȑȝ ȗȘȐȚȊȖȘȕȣ
ǹȚȣȌȓȐȊȖșȚȤ — ȕȈȗȖȒȈȏ
ǰ ȧ ȒȘȈșȖȑ ȗȓȍȕȍȕȕȣȑ
ǪȖșȗȓȈȔȍȕȐȊȠȐ ȒȘȖȊȤ
Ǫ ȗȘȐȦȚ țȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȑ
ǰȌț ȊȒțȠȈȚȤ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ
31
ǶǿȀǼǾǶȍ
ǬȘțȏȤȧ ȗȘȖ ȗȘȍȎȕȦȦ ȉȍȌț
ǸȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȧ șȚȈȕț
ǶȕȐ țȊȐȌȍȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȈȌț
ǸțȔȧȕȣȔ țȚȘȖȔ ȘȈȕȖ
ǶȕȈ ȍȋȖ șȖȘȊȈȊȠȐ ȓȐșȚ
ǷȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȏȊȖȕȒȖ;
Ǫ ȘțȒȈȝ șȎȐȔȈȓ Ȗȕ ȚȖȕȒȐȑ ȝȓȣșȚ
ǶȕȈ — ȕȍșȓȈ ȒȖȚȍȕȒȈ
ǽȘȈȕȧ ȉȍșȍȌȣ ȊȈȎȕȣȑ ȟȐȕ
ǺȈȒ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ǨȓȐȕȈ
«DzȈȒ ȊȈȠ ȕȍșȕȖșȕȣȑ șȚȈȘȣȑ șȗȓȐȕ"».
— ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ ȒțȏȐȕȈ —
ǵȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ
ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȋȓțȗȖ —
ǯȍȓȍȕȣȔ ȠȍȓȒȖȔ șȚȓȈȓșȧ ȓțȋ,
ǬȍȘȍȊ șȒȊȖȏȐȓȐ Ȓțȗȣ
ǹȚȖȧȓȈ ȗȖȏȌȕȧȧ ȊȍșȕȈ
ǺȘȈȊȈ ȕȍȎȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȓȖȎȍ
ǵȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȕȧȓȈ ȖȕȈ
ǰ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȚȐȋȕțȓ ȚȖȎȍ
ǰ ȘȖȉȖșȚȐ șȒȈȏȈȊ șȊȖȍȑ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȤȍ
ǨȓȐȕț ȚȖȔȕțȦ șȒȖȘȍȑ
Ƕȕ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȐȓ Ȋ ȖȉȢȧȚȤȧ
«ǴȖȦ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȕȍ țȚȈȦ
ǷȘȍȓȍșȚȕȍȑȠȐȑ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ».
ǰ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ «Ȕȧț-Ȕȧț»
ǷȘȐȚȐșȕțȚȣȑ ȒȖȚȍȕȖȒ
32
ǰ ȕȈȋȘȈȌȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȗȕ ȊȌȘțȋ
ǾȈȘȈȗȐȕȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȑ
ǰ ȖȋȓȈșȐȓ ȈȚȓȈșȕȣȑ ȓțȋ
Ǫȍșȍȓȣȑ șȔȍȝ ȓțȒȈȊȖȑ —
ǺȈȒ ȉȤȍȚ ȊȐȕȈ ȒȐȗțȟȐȑ ȚȖȒ
ǶȕȈ țȠȓȈ Ȋ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȤȍ
Ƕȕ Ȓ ȘȈȕȍ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȐȓ ȗȓȈȚȖȒ
ǰ ȗȓȈȒȈȓ ȉȍȏ șȚȍșȕȍȕȤȧ
33
ǻǮ ǮǰȀǼǺǼǯǶǹdz
DzȐȗȧȡȍȍ Ȑ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ
ǷȖ țȏȒȐȔ țȓȐȞȈȔ ȒȈȟțșȤ ș ȔȖȍȑ
ǷȖȌȘțȋȖȦ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȔȖȚȖȘȍ
ǹȘȍȌȤ ȉțȘȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȕ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ
ǰ ȘȈȌ Ȑ șȓȈȌȒȖ Ȕȕȍ șȎȐȔȈȚȤ țȒȘȈȌȒȖȑ
ǭȍ ȕȍȏȘȐȔțȦ ȕȖ ȕȍȎȕțȦ ȓȈȌȖȕȤ
ǷȖȌ ȓȈȑȒȖȊȖȦ ȚȖȕȒȖȦ ȗȍȘȟȈȚȒȖȑ
ǩȍșȠțȔȕȖ ȔȟȐȚșȧ ȕȈȠ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȑ ȒȖȕȤ
ǰ ȗȍșȚȘȣȍ ȞȊȍȚȣ ȘȍȒȓȈȔ ȉțȔȈȎȕȣȝ
DzȈȒ ȕȍȒȐȍ țȘȖȌȓȐȊȣȍ șȕȣ
ǹ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȈȔȐ ȌȖȔȖȊ ȔȕȖȋȖȥȚȈȎȕȣȝ
ǹȓȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖ ǵȖ ȔȕȐȚșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȓȕȣ
ǹȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȖȦ ȕȈȠȐ ȓȐȞȈ
ǰ ȚȈȔ ȊȊȍȘȝț ȚȈȔ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ ȋȖȘȐȚ
ǶȋȖȕȤ ȒȘȍșȚȈ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȚȐȞȈ
DzȈȒ ȗȚȐȞȈ ȌȐȊȕȈȧ ȋȖȘȐȚ ȗȈȘȐȚ
34
ǰdzǹǼǿǶǽdzDzǶǿȀǸǮ
ǹȚȘȍȔȧșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȖȑ ȗȖȉȍȌȍ
Dz ȒȈȒȖȔț șȟȈșȚȐȦ ȘȊȈȓȐșȤ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ ȕȈ ȊȍȓȖșȐȗȍȌȍ
ǹȊȍȘȒȕțȊȠȐȔ ȊȐȝȘȍȔ ȗȘȖȕȍșȓȐșȤ"
ǿȍȚȈ ȚȖȟȍȕȣȝ ȚȖȕȒȐȝ ȕȖȎȍȒ
ǵȈȎȈȊ țȗȘțȋțȦ ȗȍȌȈȓȤ
ǪȈș ȔȟȐȚ ȗȖ ȋȘȈȊȐȦ ȌȖȘȖȎȍȒ
ǹȘȍȌȐ ȒțșȚȖȊ Ȋ ȒȈȒțȦ ȌȈȓȤ"
Ǫȣ ȗȘȖȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȌȈȊȈȧ ȊșȚȘȍȟȕȣȔ
ǷȘȍȌțȗȘȍȎȌȈȦȡȐȑ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ
Ǫ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȍ ȓȍȋȒȖȔ Ȑ ȉȍșȗȍȟȕȖȔ
DzțȌȈ" — ȧ țȋȈȌȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ
ǵȖ șȚȈȓȖ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ ȉȍȏ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ
Ǩ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȋȖȘȌȣȝ ȕȍȎȕȣȝ ȊȍȒ
ǹȓȍȌȐȓȐ Ȋȣ șȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ
ǩȓȍșȚȧȡȐȑ Ȑ ȉȍșȠțȔȕȣȑ ȉȍȋ
35
ǶǺȍ
Ǵ Ǩ ǷȍȚȘȖȊșȒȖȔț
ǹȚȖȦ ȗȖȌ ȌȘȍȊȍșȕȣȔ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȖȔ
ǶȗȧȚȤ ȗȘȍȌȈȊȈȧșȤ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȑ ȐȋȘȍ —
ȇ ȘȍȎț ș ȉȓȈȎȍȕșȚȊȖȔ Ȑ șȚȈȘȣȔ Ȑ ȕȖȊȣȔ
dzȦȉȐȔȖȍ ȐȔȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȎȕȖȑ ȒȖȘȍ
Ǵȍȕȧ ȕȍ șȚȘȈȠȐȚ ȟȚȖ șȍȘȌȐȚȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ǹȖȚȘȍȚ ȥȚȐ ȉțȒȊȣ Ƕ șȚȘȖȋȖȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ
ǪȏȓȍȓȍȧȊȠȐ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȕȍȚȓȍȕȕȖȍ șȍȔȧ
dzȦȉȊȐ — Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȖȧȚȤșȧ ȕȍȕȈșȚȤȧ
ǹȓȍȎț ȒȈȒ ȒȓȈȌȍȚ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕțȦ ȔȍȚȒț
ǫȓțȉȖȒȖ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕȖ ȕȖȎȈ ȓȍȏȊȐȍ
dzțȟ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȗȘȖȉȘȈȊȠȐșȤ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȉȓȐȎȕȦȦ ȊȍȚȒț
ǷȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊțȍȚ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ ȌȍȓȖ ȔȖȍ
ǵȍȚ ȋȖȘȧ ȉȣȓȖȋȖ Ȑ ȘȖȗȖȚȈ ȕȍȚț
ǩȖȋȖȊ ȧ ȗȘȖȠț Ȗȉ ȍȌȐȕȖȑ țșȓțȋȍ —
ǬȖȏȊȖȓȐȚȤ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȔț Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ ȗȖȥȚț
ǵȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȍ ȊȣȘȍȏȈȚȤ ȐȔȧ ȗȖȌȘțȋȐ
36
ǰ ǮǹȊǯǼǺ
ȇ ȕȍ Ȋȏȓȍȓȍȧȓ ȕȍȎȕȖ
ǮȐȚȍȑșȒȐȍ ȞȊȍȚȣ —
ǹȍȘȗȖȔ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȔȍȟȚȣ
ȇ șȘȍȏȈȓ Ȑȝ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȖȕȐ ȏȈȊȧȓȐ
ǶȗțșȚȖȠȍȕ ȔȖȑ șȈȌ —
ǰ ȚȖȕȒȐȑ ȈȘȖȔȈȚ
ǹȚȘțȐȚ ȗȖȓȖșȒȈ șȚȈȓȐ
37
ǼǹȊDZdz
ǸȈȏȊȍȠȈȕȣ ȗȖ ȚȖȕȒȖșȚȊȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȘȖȡȍ
ǹȒȊȖȏȕȣȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȒȘțȎȍȊȈ
ǰ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȒȘȈșȐȊȍȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȡȍ
DzȈȒ ȠȍȓȒ ȒȈȒ ȚȍȔȕȖ-șȍȘȣȑ ȠȍȓȒ ȚȘȈȊȈ
ǰ ȕȐȚȐ șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȖȑ ȗȈțȚȐȕȣ
ǫȖȘȧȚ Ȑ ȋȈșȕțȚ — Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȋȖȘȧȚ
ǷȘȐȓȍȗȧȚșȧ ȕȈ ȔȐȋ Ȓ șȚȊȖȓț ȖșȐȕȣ
ǰ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȊȠȐșȤ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȉȓȍșȚȧ ȓȍȚȧȚ
ǹȊȍȘȒȈȍȚ ȕȍȎȕȖ ȓȍȏȊȐȍȔ șȈȜȐȘȕȣȔ
Ǫ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȔ ȕȍȉȍ ȚȖȕȒȐȑ șȍȘȗ ȓțȕȣ
Ƕ șȍȘȌȞȍ țșȗȖȒȖȍȕȕȣȔ Ȑ ȔȐȘȕȣȔ
ǷȘȍȉțȌȤ șȘȍȌȐ Ȗșȍȕȕȍȑ ȚȐȠȐȕȣ
38
ǷȘȐȊȍȚ Ȗșȍȕȕȍȍ ȊȍșȍȓȤȍ
ǶȗȧȚȤ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȖȋȖ ȊȐȕȈ
DzȐȗȧȡȐȑ ȖșȚȘȣȑ ȕȍȎȕȣȑ ȝȔȍȓȤ ȧ
ǰȏ ȝȘțȗȒȖȑ ȟȈȠȐ ȗȤȦ ȌȖ ȌȕȈ
ǰ ȗȖȞȍȓțȐ șȕȖȊȈ șȓȈȌȒȐ
ǰ ȚȈȒ ȊȖȓȕțȦȡȐ ȓȍȋȒȐ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȘȈȏȣȡȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȍȘȟȈȚȒȍ
ǷȘȖșȊȍȚ ȉȍȓȍȦȡȍȑ ȘțȒȐ
ǫȓȧȌȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȐȚȐ ȗȈțȚȐȕȣ
ǵȈ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȒȘțȎȍȊȈ
ǷȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȧȧ Ȍȓȧ ǨȓȐȕȣ
ǷȘȐȏȕȈȕȐȑ ȘȖȉȒȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ
40
Ǫȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȥȚ ȧ ȋȘțȉȣȑ
ǴȖȑ ȕȍțȒȓȦȎȐȑ șȚȐȝ ȕȍ ǴțȏȖȦ ȊȕțȠȍȕ —
ȇ ȗȍȓ ȖȌȐȕ — ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȠȍȗȚȈȓȐ ȋțȉȣ
ǿȚȖ ȧ ȊȍȕȞȈ ȌȊȖȑȕȖȋȖ șțȌȤȉȈȔȐ ȓȐȠȍȕ
ǷȖȓȍȑ ȘțȉȐȕȖȊȣȝ ȏȈșȚȣȊȠȍȋȖ ȊȖșȝȖȌȈ
ǹȖȏȊȍȏȌȐȑ șȖȌȘȖȋȈȕȤȍ ȗȍȕȤȍ ȓȍȉȍȌȍȑ
ǶȋȕȐ ȏȈȞȊȍȚȠȐȍ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȐȝ ȧȕȚȈȘȍȑ
Ǵȕȍ ȕȍ ȌȈȓȈ țȊȣ ȏȈșȕțȊȠȈȧ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȈ
ȇ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȍȍ ǩȓȐȏȒȐ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȖȓȍ
ǷȈȗȐȘțșȖȊ ȗȖȓțȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȍ ȓȐșȚȣ
ǷțȚȤ ȜȐȕȐȒȐȑȞȍȊ ȊȓȍȒ ȗȖ ǹȘȍȌȐȏȍȔȕȖȑ șȖȓȐ
Dz ǭȋȐȗȚț Ȓ ȘȖȌȐȕȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȔȍȟȚȣ
ǺȈȔ ȒțȗȖȑ șȖȝȓȣȝ ȗȈȓȤȔ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȝȘȈȔȣ
ǩȖȋȖȉȖȧȏȕȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȒȘȣȓ ǬȍȓȤȚȐȑșȒȐȑ ȕȐȏ
ǶȚȚțȌȈ ȏȕȈȦ ȧ ȐșȠȍȓ ȉȖȋ ǬȐȖȕȐș
ǺȈȔ Ȋ ǼȐȓȥ ȖȗȖȟȐȓ ȚȊȖȘȍȞ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȑ ȌȘȈȔȣ
41
Ƕ ȉȣȓȐ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȏȈȔȣșȓȣ șȊȧȚȣȍ
DzȈȒȖȑ ȔȖȋțȟȐȑ șȚȖȕ Ȋ ȗșȈȓȔȈȝ ȉȣȓ ț Ȕȍȕȧ
ǰ șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȣȔȐ ȋȘȖȔȈȔȐ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȕȍȔȣȍ
ǫȘȍȔȍȓȐ șȐșȚȘȣ ȏȊțȟȕȣȍ ȌȘȖȎȈ ȏȊȍȕȧ
DzȈȒ ȧ ȘȣȌȈȓ ȚȖȋȌȈ ǷȖȌ ȏȊȍȏȌȕȣȔ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȖȔ
ǷțșȚȣȕȤ șȚȘȈȕȣ ȔȖȍȑ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȚȈȒ țȔȐȘȈȚȤ
Ǻȣ ȕȍȎȕȖ ȞȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȈȊȓȐȕȤȐȔ ȖȗȈȝȈȓȖȔ
Ǵȍȕȧ ȖȊȍȧȓȈ ȉȖȋȐȕȧ ǰȏȐș-ǴȈȚȤ
ǪȍȒȖȊ ȗȘȖȠȍȌȠȐȝ ȧ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȤȍ
ǷȘȍȌ șȒȘȣȕȍȑ ȚȈȑȕ țȗȈȓ Ȋ ȘȣȌȈȕȤȧȝ șȓȈȌȒȐȝ ȕȐȞ
Ƕ ȋȓȈș ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ țȗȖȘȕȖȋȖ ȎȍȓȈȕȤȧ
ǵȍȚȓȍȕȕȣȝ Țȍȓ Ȑ ȌțȠ Ȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȋȘȖȉȕȐȞ
ǪȓȈșȚȤ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȍȘȍȑȌȍȚ Ȋ ȉȘȈȏȌȣ Ȑȕȣȝ ȥȖȕȖȊ
ǪȖșșȚȈȕȍȚ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȖȕȈ ȘȖȌȕȈȧ DzȍȔ ȔȖȧ
ǰ șȕȖȊȈ ȕȈ ȟȍȓȍ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȠȐȝ ȜȈȘȈȖȕȖȊ
DzȖȓȤȞȖȔ șȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐȔșȧ țȓȧȎȍȚșȧ ȏȔȍȧ
42
DZdzǺǺǮ
Ƕ Ƿ ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊȖȑ
ǸȍȓȤȍȜȣ ȋȍȔȔȣ ȘȍȏȈȕȣ ȚȈȒ ȝȘțȗȒȖ ȚȖȕȒȖ
ǯȈȌȘȈȗȐȘȖȊȈȕȈ ȚȈȔ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȑ ȋȐȉȒȖȑ ȚȒȈȕȤȦ
ǼȐȋțȘȈ ȕȍȎȕȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ-ȗȖȓțȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ
ǾȍȊȕȐȞȣ ȊȏȧȊȠȍȑ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȍ șȊȖȍȦ ȌȓȈȕȤȦ
DzȈȔȍȧ șȍȘȈȧ Ȑȏ ǪȍȏțȊȐȑșȒȖȑ ȓȈȊȣ
ǷȖȌȍȘȕțȚȈȧ șȐȏȖ-ȗȍȗȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȕȈȓȍȚȖȔ
dzȐȞȖ ȚȊȖȍ — ȒȈȒ ȖȚȉȓȍșȒ șȚȘȖȋȖȑ șȓȈȊȣ
ǯȖȊȍȚ Ȓ ȘȖȌȐȔȣȔ Ȑ ȏȈȉȣȚȣȔ ȊȏȓȍȚȈȔ
Ǻȣ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȍȌȤ ȚȖȎ ȉȣȓȈ ȎȐȊȖȑ ȒȈȒ Ȋșȍ Ȕȣ
ǵȖ ȕȈ Țȍȉȧ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǩȍșșȔȍȘȚȕȖȑ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ
ǶȒȈȔȍȕȍȓȈ Țȣ ǷȖȔȗȍȑșȒȖȑ ȋȍȔȔȖȑ
ǷȘȐȎȈȊ Ȓ țșȚȈȔ ȌȊȍ ȟțȚȒȐȍ șȊȐȘȍȓȐ
43
ǽǿǮǹǼǺ ǼȂǶȀǼǰ
ȇȓȌȈȉȈȖȜȖȊȣ ȟȍȘȚȖȋȐ
ǷȖȔȍȘȒȓȐ ȖȞȚȖȔ ȋȕȍȊȕȣȝ Ȍȕȍȑ, —
ǺȖȉȖȑ Ȕȣ șȚȈȓȐ ȏȕȈȕȤȍȔ — ȉȖȋȐ,
ǶȉȍȚȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȊȍȡȐȑ ǯȔȍȑ
Ǻȣ ȕȈȠȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȚȐȈȘȣ
ǪȍȕȟȈȊȠȐȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔ ȒȖȓȤȞȖȔ
ǶȚȒȘȣȓ ȋȕȖșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȟȈȘȣ
ǵȈȌ ǬȍȔȐțȘȋȖȔ ȕȈȌ ǶȚȞȖȔ
ǰȏȘȈȐȓȤ ȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȔțȟȍȕȤȍȔ
ǷȖȏȕȈȊ ȒȈȒ ȓȎȐȊ ǰȍȋȖȊȈ
ǹȗȈșșȧ ȚȊȖȐȔ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȤȍȔ
ǯȔȍȐȕȖ-ȔȍȌȕȈȧ ȋȓȈȊȈ
ǰșȗȖȓȕȐȓȖșȤ Ȑ șȚȈȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ǺȖȉȖȦ ǶȜȐș ȒȘȍșȚ țȊȐȚ
ǪȖșșȚȈȕȍȚ DzȈȐȕȖȊȖ ȗȓȍȔȧ
ǪȖșȒȘȍșȕȍȚ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȕȍȔȖȑ ȖȜȐȚ
44
ǽǿǶȃǼǽǼǺǽ
ǷȘȍȊȏȖȑȌȍȕȣ Ȋșȍ ȐȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȕȖșȚȐ
ǵȍȕțȎȕȣȑ Ȑȓ ȋȕȐȓȣȝ ȉȖȓȖȚ
ǽȈȖș ȗȘȍȌȔȐȘȕȖȑ șȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȕȖșȚȐ
ǵȈșȓȍȌȤȍ ǺȐȈȔȈȚȣ — ǴȖȚ —
Ǫ ȕȐȝ ș ǹȈȊȈȖȜȖȔ ȗȘȐȔȐȘȍȕȕȖșȚȐ
Ǩ ȧ Ȋ ȕȍȏȌȍȠȕȍȑ țȌȈȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ
ǯȈ ȝȘțșȚȈȓȍȔ ȕȍȉȍșȕȣȝ ȊȖȌ
ǮȌț Ȋ ȗȖȘȣȊȈȕȤȧȝ ȐșșȚțȗȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ
ǹȖȏȊȍȏȌȐȑ-ȒȖȓȍșȕȐȞ ȊȖșȝȖȌ
ǶȌȐȕ ș șȖȉȖȑ Ȋ șȈȔȖȊȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ
ȇ Ȋ ȘȐȏȈȝ ȗȚȐȟȤȍȑ ȖȒȘȣȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ
ǷȘȖȠȍȓ ȗȓȈȕȍȚȕȣȝ șȍȔȤ ȊȖȘȖȚ
ǰ Ȋ ȕȐȔȉȍ ȉȖȎȤȍȑ ȖȏȈȘȍȕȕȖșȚȐ
ǰȉȐșȖȋȓȈȊȣȑ ȘȍȒ Ȕȕȍ ǺȖȚ
«ǨȘȘȥȚ Ȑ Țȣ Ȋ țȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȖșȚȐ».
45
ǿǼǯǹǮǵǻ
ǹȚȘȈȠȕȣ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȣ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȚȊȖȐ Ȗ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȖ
ǪȍșȍȓȐȧ ȊȍșȍȕȕȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȈȕȐȚ ȕȍȎȕȣȑ ȞȊȍȚ
Ǫșȍ Ȋșȍ ȏȈȉȣȓ Ȍȓȧ ȏȓȖȉȕȖȋȖ ȓțȒȈȊȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍșȚȊȈ
«ǴȘȈȒ ȋȓțȉȎȍ Ȑ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ Țȣ ȓțȟȐșȚȣȑ ǹȊȍȚ».
ǸȈȏȋȈȌȒȐ ȕȍȚ Ȑ Ȋ țȎȈșȍ ȗȘȍșȚȖȓ țȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȧ
ȇ șȈȔȖȏȊȈȕȍȞ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȟȕȣȑ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ ȗȈȊ ȕȐȞ —
ǪȌȘțȋ ȊȖșșȐȧȓȈ ȌȐȊȕȈȧ ȊȘȈȚȈȔȐ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȐȧ
ǯȈȘȧ Ȑȏ ȘȈȌțȎȕȣȝ ȚȘȍȗȍȡțȡȐȝ ȏȈȘȕȐȞ
ǰ ȕȍ șȚȘȈȠȐȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗțșȚȣȕȧ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȈ
ǰ șȔȍȓȖ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦ ȧ șȊȖȑ ȚȧȋȖșȚȕȣȑ ȖȉȍȚ
ȇ ȗȖȕȧȓ țȧșȕȐȓȖșȧ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍșȚȊȖ
«ǴȘȈȒ ȍșȚȤ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȣȑ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȑ ǹȊȍȚ».
46
ǽǿǮǹǼǺ
ǩȍșȗȓȖȚȕȣȍ ȕȍȎȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ
ǭȓȍȕȈ ȕȍȊȍșȚȈ ȕȍȊȍșȚ
ȇȊȐ — Ȑ șȒțȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȔțȒȐ
ǯȈȉțȌț Ȋ ȓțȟȈȝ ȋȖȘȕȐȝ ȏȊȍȏȌ
ǴȍȟȖȔ ȔȖȑ ȚȘȐȒȐȘȐȑ șȖȌȍȓȈȑ
ǰ ȌȈȑ ȓȐȞȍȏȘȍȚȤ ǺȊȖȐȝ ȘȐȏ
ǶȋȖȕȤ ȖșȓȍȗȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ-ȉȍȓȣȑ
DzȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȖȊȐȌȍȓ ǹȈȐș
ǴȖȑ ȚȘțȌ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȋȈȌȒȈ Ȕȕȍ ȏȈȌȈȕ
ǷțșȚȤ ȘȖȉȒȐȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȌȐȕȖȒ
ǯȈȎȍȋ ȧ Ȋ ȒȈȌȐȓȤȕȐȞȍ ȓȈȌȈȕ
ǶȗȍȘșȧ ȕȈ ȖșȚȘȣȑ ȒȓȐȕȖȒ
47
ǺȈȔ ȏȈ ȘȈȔȖȑ ȕȍȘȈȏȉȐȚȖȑ
Ǫ ȉȓȍșȒȍ ȕȍȏȍȔȕȣȝ ȏȈȘȕȐȞ
ǹȍȘȈȜȐȔ ȔȕȖȋȖȖȟȐȚȣȑ
ǹȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȔȐȘȐȈȌȖȑ ȓȐȞ
ǹȊȍȚ ȊșȍȓȍȕșȒȐȑ ȧȘȒȖ ȓȤȍȚșȧ
ǺȈȑȕȖȑ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȝ ȎȍȔȟțȋȖȊ
ǩȖȋ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȘȣȊȖȔ ȉȤȍȚșȧ
ǰȡȍȚ ȏȌȍȠȕȐȝ ȋȘțȉȣȝ șȓȖȊ
ǩȍȑ șȔȍȓȍȑ șȚȍȒȓȖ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȈ
ǹȓȐȚȤșȧ ȌȈȑ țșȚȈ Ȓ țșȚȈȔ
ǵȍ ȎȈȓȍȑ ȕȈȋȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ
ǩȖȋ ȎȐȊȖȑ ȖȚȒȘȖȑșȧ ȕȈȔ
48
DISJECTA MEMBRA
ǸȈȏȉȘȖșȈȕȣ ȟȓȍȕȣ ȔȖȐ ȗȖ ȘȍȟȕȣȔ Ȑ ȉȖȓȖȚȕȣȔ ȓȈȋțȕȈȔ
ǰ ȘțȒț ȖȉȊȐȓ ȖȒȘȖȊȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȉȘȖȕȏȖȊȖȑ ȞȍȗȤȦ ȉȘȈșȓȍȚ
ǰȔ ȉȓȍȌȕȖ-ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȗȈȗȐȘțș ȚȈȔ ȠȍȗȟȍȚ «ǪȘȈȋț ȕȈȔ
ǵȍȚ ȊȊȍȒȐ Țȍȉȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȗțșȚȤ șțȠȐȚ ȕȈș ȧȘȖșȚȕȣȑ ǹȍȚ».
Ǭțȝ ȒȖȗȟȐȒ ȒȈȒ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȚȖȟȒȈ Ȋ ȓȈȏțȘȐ ȏȈșȚȣȓ ȍȓȍ ȊȐȌȍȕ
ǬȖȕȖșȐȚșȧ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȟ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȊȠȐȝ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȝ șȍșȚȍȘ
ǷȈȗȐȘțș șȒȓȖȕȧȧșȤ ȓȍȗȍȟȍȚ: ©ǺȊȖȑ ȎȘȍȉȐȑ ȏȈȊȐȌȍȕ
ǰ Ȕȍȟ ȟȚȖ Țȍȉȧ ȘȈșșȍȒȈȓ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȍȌȊȍȟȕȖ ȖșȚȍȘ».
49
ǹdzDZdzǻDzǮ
— DzȚȖ Țȣ ȗȚȐȟȒȈ ȔȈȓȈȧ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕȈȧ Ȑ șȍȘȈȧ
ǹ ȒȓȦȊȖȔ ȊȣȡȍȘȉȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ Ȑ ȒȘȐȊȣȔ"
ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȚȐȞ ȕȐ ȊȐȌȣȊȈȓ ȚȈȒțȦ Ȏȍ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȕȖ ȧ
ǵȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ ȗȖȝȖȎțȦ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ șȊȖȐȔ
DzȚȖ Ȏȍ ȕȈȋȘȈȌȐȓ Țȍȉȧ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȐȧ
ȅȚȖȋȖ țȘȖȌșȚȊȈ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȖȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ"
«ǸȖȌȐȕȈ ȔȖȧ — ǴȈȚȍȘȤ ǩȖȎȤȧ — ǨȏȐȧ
ǷȍȘȊȣȑ Ȑ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȑȠȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȐȑ ȝȘȈȔ
ǪȍȒț Ȕȕȍ ȉȍȏ ȔȈȓȖȋȖ ȌȊȈ ȚȣșȧȟȍȓȍȚȐȧ
Ǫșȍȝ ȊȍȌȤ ȌȖȓȋȖȊȍȟȕȍȑ ȧ șțȡȍșȚȊ ȏȍȔȕȣȝ
ǩȣȓȖ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȚȘȐ ȋȖȌȈ — șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖȓȍȚȐȍ
ǫȖșȗȖȌȈ ȘȈșȗȧȚȖȋȖ ȏȈ ȋȘȍȝ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈș ȎȐȊȣȝ
DzȓȦȊ ȗȘȧȔȖȑ ȉȣȓ ȔȖȑ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȕȍȟ ȖȚȚȖȟȍȕȕȣȑ
ǩȓȐȏ ǰȍȘțșȈȓȐȔȈ ȧ ȓȍȚȈȓȈ ȕȈȓȍȋȒȍ
ǪȐȎț ȊȌȘțȋ ȧ ǫȖșȗȖȌȈ — Ȓ ȌȘȍȊț ȗȘȐȒȖȓȖȟȍȕȕȣȑ
DzȈȏȕȤ ȗȖȏȖȘȕȈȧ șȊȍȘȠȐȓȈșȤ ȊȌȈȓȍȒȍ
ǫȕȍȊȖȔ ȊȖșȗȣȓȈȓȈ ȚțȚ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȔȖȧ ǫȖșȗȖȌȕȧȧ
ǩȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȌȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȧ Ȑ șȚȈȓȈ ȋȊȖȏȌȤ ȚȈȡȐȚȤ
ǬȓȈȕȤ ǽȘȐșȚȈ ȗȘȖȕȏȈȊȠțȦ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȚȍȔ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȍȍ
ǹȕȧȚȤ ǭȋȖ ș ȒȘȍșȚȈ Ȑ ȔțȒț ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȚȤ
— ǿȚȖ Țȣ ȌȍȓȈȍȠȤ Ȗ ȗȚȐȟȒȈ" — șȓȈȌȖșȚȕȣȔ ȘȣȌȈȕȐȍȔ
Ǩȕȋȍȓ ȉȓȐȏ ȗȈȘȐȊȠȐȑ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǹȉțȌȍȚșȧ ȘȍȟȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍșȒȐȔ ȗȐșȈȕȐȍȔ —
ǩȖȋ Ȍȓȧ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȍȕȐȧ ȗȓȖȚȤ ǹȊȖȦ ȗȘȍȌȈȓ
ǺȊȍȘȌȣȔȐ ȋȊȖȏȌȧȔȐ ȒȓȦȊ ȖȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ
ǺȊȖȑ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȚȈȒȖȊ ȒȈȒ ȍșȚȤ
DzȈȒ ȊȍȘȠȖȒ ȍșȚȤ ȔȍȘȈ ȔȈȓȈȧ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ șȈȎȍȕȐ
dzȦȌȧȔ Ȗ ǫȖȓȋȖȜȍ Țȣ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȊȍșȚȤ
50
ǰ ȏȈȔȖȓȒȕțȓ Ǩȕȋȍȓ ǹ ȋȘțșȚȤȦ ȖȚȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȧ
Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȖȠțșȤ Ȑ ȊșȍȔ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦ ȒȘȍșȚ».
— DzȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȓȐȟțȚ ȒȈȒ ȏȖȊțȚ Țȍȉȧ Ȗ ȗȚȐȟȒȈ ȔȐȓȈȧ"
«ǰȔȧ ȔȖȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖ Ȑ șȔȐȘȍȕȕȖ — ȒȓȍșȚ».
52
ǺȅǮȀǿȍ ǯdzǿȉ
ǨȕȌȘȍȦ ǩȍȓȖȔț
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȐȝȘȐ ȔȍȚȍȓȐ Ȑ ȊȤȦȋȐ
ǷȖ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȣȔ ȗȖ șȕȍȎȕȣȔ ȗȖȓȧȔ
Ǫ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȖȔ Ȋ ȉȍȏȊȣȝȖȌȕȖȔ ȒȘțȋȍ
ǰ ȕȍșțȚșȧ Ȑ ȊȤȦȚșȧ Ǩ ȚȈȔ —
ǺȈȔ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȔȖȑ ȐȏȊȍȘȐȓșȧ Ȋ ǩȖȋȈ
Ǩ ȍȌȐȕȣȑ ȖșȚȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȗțȚȤ
ǯȈȕȍșȍȕȕȈȧ șȕȍȋȖȔ ȌȖȘȖȋȈ
ǩȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȒȈȒ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
ǯȓȖȍ șȚȈȓȖșȤ ș ȖȚȟȐȏȕȖȑ ȔȖȍȦ
ǵȍ ȊȐȌȈȚȤ ȕȐ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȕȐ ȕȍȉȍș
ǪȤȦȋȈ ȊȤȦȋȈ ȕȍșȍȚșȧ ȕȈȌ ȕȍȦ
ǰ șȔȍȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȗȓȈȟȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȉȍș
ǿțȚȒȐȔ țȝȖȔ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȋ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȔ
Ǻț Ȏȍ ȎțȚȒțȦ ȊȤȦȋț ȓȖȊȓȦ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȤȍȔ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȤȍȔ ȒȘȍșȚȕȣȔ
ǶșȍȕȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȎȌț Ȑ ȚȍȘȗȓȦ
ǩțȌȤ ȟȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȟȐȦ
ǰ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ șȊȖȦ ȊȕȖȊȤ șȚȖȘȖȎț.
DzȈȒ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȒȈȒ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȧ ǸȖșșȐȦ
ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ șȒȈȎț
53
ȁȀǾǼ
DzȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ țȚȘȖ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȍ
ǰ ȒȚȖ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȧ
ǺȖȚ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȗȘȧȟȍȚșȧ ȐȕȖȍ
ǯȈ ȗȍșȚȘȖȑ ȠȐȘȔȖȑ ȉȣȚȐȧ
ǪȖȚ ȏȈȞȊȍȚȈȍȚ ȕȍȎȕȖȑ șȒȈȏȒȖȑ
ǵȈ ȕȍȉȍ ȉȓȍȌȕȈȧ ȏȈȘȧ
ǰ ȋȖȓțȉȖȑ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȘȈșȒȖȑ
ǸȖȎȖȒ ȔȍȘȞȈȍȚ ȜȖȕȈȘȧ
ǰ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȏȈȉȖȘȈȝ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȏȈȋȖȘȈȓșȧ Ȉȓȣȑ ȉȓȍșȒ
ǺȘȈȔȊȈȍȊ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȖșȚȘȣȑ ȠȖȘȖȝ
ǸȈșȚțȡȐȑ ȋțȓ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȓȍșȒ
ǰ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȗțȚȕȐȒ ȊȍȘȐȚ ȟțȌț
ǯȈȉȣȊ ȋȓțȝȖȑ ȕȖȟȕȖȑ ȖȉȔȈȕ.
Ǩ Ȋ țȓȐȞȈȝ șȚȖȐȚ ȗȖȊșȦȌț
ǷȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȑ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȑ ȚțȔȈȕ
54
ǸǮǾȁǿdzǹȊ
ǪȍșȤ Ȋ ȉȐșȍȘȍ Ȑ ȈȘȈȉȍșȒȈȝ
ȀȈȚȍȘ ȚȊȖȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȒȈȘțșȍȓȤ
ǫȖȘȐȚ Ȑ ȊȤȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȊȍșȒȈȝ
ǯȓȈȚȖȦ ȕȐȚȤȦ ȒȈȕȐȚȍȓȤ
ǹȐȋȕȈȓ — Ȑ ȊȖȚ ȊȖȓȕȖȑ ȗȍȊțȟȍȑ
ǻȌȈȘȐȓ ȧȘȖșȚȕȣȑ ȖȘȋȈȕ
ǷȖȊșȦȌț ȏȊȖȕ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȓȍȚțȟȐȑ
ǰ ȏȈșȊȍȘȒȈȊȠȐȑ țȘȈȋȈȕ
dzȍȚȐȚ ȖȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȊȐȝȘȤ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȑ
ǴțȏȣȒȖȑ ȓȍȋȒȖȦ ȏȊȍȕȧ
Ǫ ȐșȒȘȐșȚȣȑ ȒȘțȋ șȊȖȑ țȕȖșȧȡȐȑ
ǷȣȓȤ ȗȖȏțȔȍȕȚȕȖȋȖ Ȗȋȕȧ
Ǫ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȍ ȌȍȚșȒȖȔ Ȑ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȖȔ
DzȘțȎțșȤ Ȑ ȔȕȐȚșȧ Ȕȕȍ Ȍȓȧ Ȋșȍȝ
ǹȓȐȓȐșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍ ȍȌȐȕȖȔ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȍșȍȓȤȍ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȑ șȔȍȝ
55
ǰǿȀǾdzȅǮ
ǩȘȖȌȧ ȗȖ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȑ ȗțșȚȣȕȍ
ǯȈȟȍȔ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȘȈȏȓȦȉȧ
Ǫ ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȊȐȚȘȐȕȍ
ǹȓțȟȈȑȕȖ țȊȐȌȈȓ Țȍȉȧ"
ǷȘȐȎȈȚ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȍȦ ȒȕȖȗȒȖȑ
Ǫ ȒȈȘȚȖȕȍ șȍȘȍȕȤȒȖȔ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ
ǯȈȟȍȔ Ȕȕȍ ȠȓȍȚ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȘȖȉȒȖȑ
ǹȊȖȑ țȗȘȍȒȈȦȡȐȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȚ"
ǰ Țȣ ȕȐȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȈșȤ
Ǫșȍ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȚȖȕȒȐ ȒȐșȚȐ ȘțȒ
ǰ Ȋ ȒȘțȎȍȊȈ Ȋșȍ ȚȈ Ȏ ȊȞȍȗȐȓȈșȤ
ǩȘȖȠȤ — ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȖȊȣȑ ȗȈțȒ
ǵȖ ȔȧȋȒȐȑ ȉȓȍșȒ ȗȍȟȈȓȐ ȚȈȑȕȖȑ
Ǫ ȚȊȖȐȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ — Ȗȕ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȉȣȓ"
ǺȈȔ ȠțȔ ȚȖȓȗȣ Ȑ ȋțȓ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȑȕȣȑ
Ǩ ȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȚȍȒȓȖȔ ȏȈșȚȣȓ
ǹȚȖȦ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȚ ȚȖȓȒȕȍȚ ȗȘȖȝȖȎȐȑ
ǹȚȖȦ ȕȍ Ȋ șȐȓȈȝ ȖȚȖȑȚȐ
ǹȓȍȗȖȑ ȓȐ ȘȖȒ ȐȓȤ ȗȘȖȔȣșȓ ǩȖȎȐȑ
ǹ ȚȖȉȖȦ șȊȍȓ" Ȁȍȗȟț ȗȘȖșȚȐ
56
ǯǾǮȀȁ
ǩȖȘȐșț ǹȈȌȖȊșȒȖȔț
I
ǿȚȖ ȕȈș ȘȖȌȕȐȚ" ǯȈ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȌȖȘȖȋ"
Ǫ ȖȌȕȐ șȊȧȚȣȍ ȠȓȐ ȔȍșȚȈ
ǶȌȐȕ ț ȕȈș șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȑ ȊȖȘȖȋ
ǪȖ ȐȔȧ ȠȗȈȋȐ Ȑ ȒȘȍșȚȈ.
Ǻȣ — ȘȣȞȈȘȤ Ȋ ȓȈȚȣ Ȗȉȓȍȟȍȕȕȣȑ
ǰ ȗȖȌȊȐȋ DzȘȈșȖȚȣ ȋȖȚȖȊ
ǹȊȍȘȠȐȚȤ ȏȈ șȊȍȚ ȕȍȐȏȘȍȟȍȕȕȣȑ
ǯȈ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȐ ȋȘȧȌțȡȐȝ șȓȖȊ
ǵȈȠ ȗțȚȤ — ȗțȚȤ Ȓ ǩȖȎȤȍȑ ȌȐȈȌȐȔȍ
Dz ȕȈȔ ȉȓȈȋȖȊȍșȚȕȣȑ șȖȕ șȓȍȚȈȓ,
ǰ ȋȖȓțȉȤ ȠȓȍȔ ȕȈȠ țȊȍȕȟȈȓ
DzȘȣȓȈȔȐ ȉȍȓȣȔȐ șȊȖȐȔȐ
ǯȈȉțȌț ȓȐ ȚȊȖȑ ȓȐȒ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȑ"
ǴȍȟȈ ȗȘȖșȚȍȘ Țȣ ȓȍȏȊȐȍ —
ǰ ȧ ȒȖȓȍȕȖȗȘȍȒȓȖȕȍȕȕȣȑ
ǻȏȘȍȓ ȐȕȖȍ ȉȣȚȐȍ
Ǻȣ ȗȖșȊȧȚȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȗțșȚȣȕȍ
DzȖȋȌȈ ǹȖȓȐȔ șȊȍȘȒȕțȓ ȊȌȈȓȐ
ǹ ȚȖȉȖȑ ȔȖȑ șȚȈȘȠȐȑ ȉȘȈȚ ȖȚȕȣȕȍ
ǯȈ ǫȘȖȉ șȘȈȎȈȚȤșȧ Ȕȣ ȗȖȠȓȐ
ǪșȍȊȣȠȕȍȋȖ Ȕȣ ȗȈȓȈȌȐȕȣ
ǷȘȍȟȐșȚȈȧ ǽȘȐșȚȖȊȈ ȒȘȖȊȤ
ǹ ȚȖȉȖȑ ȔȖȑ ȉȘȈȚ ȔȖȧ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ
ǹȊȍȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȗțȚȤ ȍȌȐȕȣȑ
57
II
ǷȖȔȕȐȠȤ ȏȈȎȎȍȕȕȣȍ șȊȍȟȐ
ǺȍȔȕȖȍ ȏȓȈȚȖ ȉȖȎȕȐȞ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȐȒȖȕȖȑ ǷȘȍȌȚȍȟȐ
ǸȧȌ ȏȈȚȈȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȓȐȞ"
ǷȖȔȕȐȠȤ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȜȍȓȖȕȐ
ǴȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Ƞȍȓ ȐȍȘȍȑ
ǸțȒȐ ȊȖȏȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȈȔȊȖȕȍ
ǹȒȘȣȓșȧ ǹȊȍȘȒȈȕȤȍ șȊȍȟȍȑ
ǵȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȖ ǪȕȐȔȈȍȚ
Ǫșȍ ȉȍȏ ȘȣȌȈȕȐȑ Ȑ șȓȖȊ
DzȚȖ-ȚȖ ȐȏȊȕȍ ȖȚȔȣȒȈȍȚ
ǬȊȍȘȐ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȕȖȑ ȏȈșȖȊ
58
Ƕǵ DZǼǺdzǾǮ
Ǫ ǵȐȓȍȕȌȍȘț
ǷȘȖȝȖȌȐȠȤ Țȣ ȔȐȔȖ Ȑ șȊȍȚȐȠȤ
Ǻȣ șȊȍȚȐȠȤ Ȑ șȚȈȘȞȈȔ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ
ǵȖ ȏȕȈȦ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȠȤ
Ǫ ȝȖȓȡȍȊȖȑ Ȑ ȉȍȌȕȖȑ ȉȘȖȕH
ȇ ȊȖȐȕ ȗȘȖșȚȖȑ ȕȍ ȌȖșȚȖȐȕ
ǷȘȐȧȚȤ ȚȊȖȑ ȗȖȚțȗȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ.
ǰ ȓȍȋȖȒ ȚȊȖȑ ȠȈȋ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȍȕ
ǩȘȧȞȈȧ ȉȘȈșȓȍȚȈȔȐ Ȋ ȓȈȌ
ǬȖ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȝ ȗȧȚȖȒ ȗȖȒȘȣȓȈ
Ǻȍȉȧ ȉȍȓȖșȕȍȎȕȈȧ ȚȒȈȕȤ
DzȈȒ ȋȘȍȟȍșȒȐȑ ȔȘȈȔȖȘ ȏȈșȚȣȓȈ
ǺȊȖȧ ȘȖȏȖȗȍȘșȚȈȧ ȌȓȈȕȤ
ǷȖȒȖȘȕȣȑ ȊȍȓȍȕȐȦ ȘȖȒȈ
ǻȔȘț ȉȍȏ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȑ ȕȈȌȍȎȌ
ǬȈȓȍȒȖ țȎ ȊȤȍȚșȧ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ
ǶȋȖȕȤ șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȣȝ ȖȌȍȎȌ
59
ǹǼǴdz
ǫȓȧȎț ȓȦȉȐȔȈȧ ș ȚȖșȒȖȦ ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȖȑ,
ǹ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȚȖșȒȖȑ ȋȓȧȎț ȧ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ ȚȊȖȦ
ǷȖȌ ȕȍȎȕȖȑ ȒȐșȍȍȑ șȒȊȖȏȕȖȑ Ȑ ȉȍȓȖșȕȍȎȕȖȑ
ǰ ȋȖȘȍ șȚȈȘȖȍ ȓȍȓȍȦ Ȑ ȚȈȦ
ǵȍ ȧ, ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȊȏȖȑȌȍȚ Ȓ Țȍȉȍ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȓȖȎȍ
ǬȘțȋȖȋȖ ȖȉȖȎȎȍȚ ȌȍȊȐȟȤȧ ȕȈȋȖȚȈ
ǶȋȕȍȔ șȊȧȚȣȔ ȖȋȕȍȔ Ȓ ȉȓȈȋȖțȝȈȕȕȖȑ ȒȖȎȍ
ǬȘțȋȖȑ ȗȘȐȎȔȍȚ șȊȖȐ ȐșșȖȝȠȐȍ țșȚȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȓȐȒțȦȡȐȑ ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȣȑ ȚȘȍȗȍȚ
DzȈȒ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ ȊȐȝȘȤ, ȊȏȖȊȤȍȚ ȊȏȖȊȤȍȚ ȖȉȖȐȝ ȊȈș
ǻȋȈȌȣȊȈȦ ȧ ȍȋȖ ȊȐȕȖȊȕȣȑ ȓȍȗȍȚ
ǰ ȚȖȔȕȣȑ ȉȓȍșȒ ȚȊȖȐȝ ȗȖȓțȏȈȒȘȣȚȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ
DzȘȖȊȤ ȖȘȖșȐȚ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȖȌȍȎȌ ȐȏȔȧȚȣȝ ȚȒȈȕȐ
ǰ Ȗȕ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȐȚ
ǰ ȔțȏȣȒȈ ȚȊȖȐȝ ȗȖȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȘȣȌȈȕȐȑ
ǷșȈȓȔȖȔ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȈȌ ȓȖȎȍȔ ȗȘȖȏȊțȟȐȚ
ǵȍȊȍșȚȈ Ȑ ȎȍȕȈ ǹ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȦ ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ
ǹ ȕȍȊȣȘȈȏȐȔȖȑ ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȖȦ ȚȖșȒȖȑ
ǷȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȐȓ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ șȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȐȏȋȖȓȖȊȤȦ
ǷȖȒȘȖȊ ǪȓȈȌȣȟȐȞȣ ȌȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȈȌ ȚȖȉȖȑ
60
ǶȗȧȚȤ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȗȖȊșȦȌț
ǶȋȖȕȤ ȗȈȓȧȡȐȑ Ȑ ȕȍȔȖȑ
ȇ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȧȓșȧ ȟțȌț
ǵȖ ȟȐșȚȖȚȈ — țȌȍȓ ȕȍ ȔȖȑ
ǰ șȕȖȊȈ Ȋ ȉȍȏȌȕȈȝ șȓȈȌȖșȚȘȈșȚȤȧ
ȇ ȊȐȎț ȉȣșȚȘȣȑ ȓȍȚ Țȍȕȍȑ —
ǰ ȘȈȌ ȉȍȏ șȐȓ ȕȈ ȊȍȒ țȗȈșȚȤ ȧ
Ǫ ȗțȟȐȕț ȌȤȧȊȖȓȤșȒȐȝ Ȗȋȕȍȑ
dzȈȏțȘȤ ȏȈȎȋȓȈșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȏȖȘȖȔ
ǭȍ ȏȈȚȔȐȓ ȔȖȑ ȋȖȘȌȣȑ șȔȍȝ,
ȇ țȗȐȊȈȦșȤ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȗȖȏȖȘȖȔ
ǷȖȘȖȟȕȣȝ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȕȣȝ țȚȍȝ
ǶȗȧȚȤ ȚȓȍȚȊȖȘȕȣȑ ȌȣȔ ȒțȘȍȕȐȑ
ǺȧȎȍȓȣȔ ȊȍȚȘȖȔ ȕȈȕȍșȓȖ
ǰ Ȋȍȟȕȣȝ ȔțȒ Ȑ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȑ
ǮȌȍȚ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȍ ȟȐșȓȖ
ǸȈșȒȐȕțȊ ȋȖȓȣȍ ȒȖȓȍȕȈ
ǵȈ ȚȍȔȕȣȑ ȉȈȘȝȈȚ ȈȓȚȈȘȧ
Ǵȍȕȧ ȏȖȊȍȚ ȔȖȧ ǭȓȍȕȈ
ǷȣȓȈȑ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȈȧ ȏȈȘȧ
ȇ ȋȐȉȕț — ȋȐȉȕț ȚȈȒ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȧ
ǵȍȚ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ,
ǵȈ ȈȓȚȈȘȍ ȌȊțȝ șȎȈȚȣȝ Țȍȓ ȧ
ǴȖȓȦșȤ Țȍȉȍ ȉȘȈȚ ǹȈȚȈȕȈ
ǰ Țȣ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȉȣȓ șȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȕȣȔ
ǰ Țȣ ȗȖȋȐȉ ȒȈȒ ȋȐȉȕț ȧ
ǹȊȖȐȔ ȗȈȌȍȕȤȍȔ țȗȖȍȕȕȣȑ
ȇ ȏȕȈȦ Țȣ ȗȖȏȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ
61
ǾdzǰǻǼǿȀȊ
Ǫ ȓȐȒțȦȡȐȝ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈȝ șȓȈȊȖșȓȖȊȤȧ
ǷȖȌ șțȍȚȖȦ ȗȖȊșȍȌȕȍȊȕȣȝ Ȍȍȓ
ǷȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȚȈȘȐȕȕțȦ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȧ
ǰ ȘȍȊȕȖșȚȐ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ țȌȍȓ
Ǫ ȉȓȈȋȖțȝȈȕȐȐ ȞȊȍȚȖȟȕȖȔ șȍȕȈ
Ǫ ȝȘțșȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȔțȏȣȒȍ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȝ șȚȘțȑ
Ǵȕȍ ȟțȌȐȓȈșȤ ȒȖȊȈȘȕȈȧ ȐȏȔȍȕȈ
ǷȓȍȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȕȍȊȍȘȕȣȑ ȗȖȞȍȓțȑ
ǰ Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȐȋȈȝ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ șȚȘȖȋȖȑ ȊȖȓȐ
Ǫ ȉȍȏȊȖȓȤȕȖȔ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȤȐ șțȌȕȣȝ ȚȘțȉ
Ǫșȍ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȖȉȎȐȋȈȦȡȐȑ ȌȖ ȉȖȓȐ
ǶȋȖȕȤ ȚȊȖȐȝ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȣȝ ȓȎȐȊȣȝ ȋțȉ
63
ǿǼǻdzȀ
ǺȊȖȍ ȕȈȋȖȍ ȌȍȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ
ǵȍȚȓȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȐȧ ȗȍȟȈȚȤ
ǵȈ ȕȍȔ ȊȍȓȍȓȐ șȊȣȠȍ ȏȈȡȐȡȈȚȤ
ǭȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȏȕȈȒ ȕȍȉȍșȕȖȋȖ țȌȍȓȈ
ǽȖȚȧ ȉȣ Țȣ ȋȘȍȝȖȊȕȖ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓȈ
ǹȍȉȧ ȕȈ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȤ ȈȌșȒȐȝ ȔțȒ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȤ
ǫȖșȗȖȌȕȐȝ șȓțȋ ȕȍȏȣȉȓȍȔȈȧ ȘȈȚȤ
Ǻȍȉȧ țȌȍȘȎȐȚ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȦ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȈ
Ǩ ȍșȓȐ ȧ ȗȘȍȓȤșȚȧșȤ ȚȊȖȐȔ ȗȖȒȖȍȔ
ǵȈȘțȠȐȚȤ ȉȣ ȗȖșȔȍȓ ȍȋȖ ȓȦȉȧ
ǨȘȝȈȕȋȍȓȣ ȗȘȐȏȣȊ ȚȘȍȊȖȋ ȚȘțȉȧ
ǹȓȍȚȧȚșȧ șȕȍȎȕȣȔ șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȣȔ ȘȖȍȔ —
ǹȐȧȦȡȐȔ ȓțȟȐșȚȣȔ ȒȖȓȒȐȔ șȚȘȖȍȔ
ǨȓȔȈȏȕȣȝ ȒȖȗȐȑ ȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȤ Țȍȉȧ
64
ǰdzȅdzǾǻdzdz ǾǮǵǺȉȆǹdzǻǶdz
ǪȍȟȍȘ ȖșȍȕȐ ȚȖșȒȓȐȊȖȑ
ǯȈȚȍȔȕȐȓ ȖȒȕȖ
ȇ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȑ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȑ
Ǫșȍ ȏȈȉȣȓ ȌȈȊȕȖ
ǶșȓȍȗȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ șȒȈȏȒȐ
ǯȕȈȓ ȧ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȥȚ —
Ǫșȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖ Ȓ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȒȍ
ǵȍȚ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎ ȕȍȚ
ǺȍȕȤ ȕȈ ȜȖȕȍ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȗȍȟȒȐ
ǴȍȘȚȊȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ
ǵȍ ȌȘȖȎȐȚ ȋȖȘȧȡȍȑ șȊȍȟȒȐ
ǮȍȓȚȖȍ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ
ǮȌȈȓ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖȘȖȒȈ —
ǫȌȍ Ȗȕ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȊȖȎȌȤ"
ǷȘȖșȚȖ ȗțșȚȖ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖ
ǪȍȚȍȘ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȌȖȎȌȤ
ǸȈȏȌȈȍȚșȧ ȍȓȍ șȓȣȠȍȕ
ǺȐȝȐȑ șȓȈȉȣȑ șȔȍȝ
ȇ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈȌ ȊșȍȔ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕ
Ǵȕȍ ȕȍ șȚȘȈȠȍȕ ȋȘȍȝ
65
ǪȘȍȔȍȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈȔȐ
ǹȒȘȣȚȈ Țȣ
ǸȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȔȐ țȉȘȈȕșȚȊȈȔȐ
DzȘȈșȖȚȣ
ǹȘȍȉȘȖȘțȕȕȣȔȐ ȔȍȚȍȓȧȔȐ
Ǻȣ ȗȓȣȊȍȠȤ
ǰ ȜȐȈȓȒȖȦ ȗȖȌ ȍȓȧȔȐ
ǯȈȞȊȍȚȍȠȤ
ǯȖȓȖȚȖȑ ȏȈȘȍȑ ȓȐȒțȦȡȍȑ
Ǻȣ șȊȍȚȓȈ
ǹȓȈȊȈ ȊȍȟȕȖșȚȐ ȚȖșȒțȦȡȍȑ
ǰ ȝȊȈȓȈ
66
ǯȈȉȣȓșȧ ȧ Ȋ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȝ ȋȘȍȏȈȝ
ǶȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ Ȋȍșȍȕȕȧȧ șȖȕȤ
ǺȈȒ ȊȍșȍȓȖ Ȋ ȕȍȎȕȣȝ ȉȍȘȍȏȈȝ
ǯȈȊȐȓșȧ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȖȋȖȕȤ
ǯȍȓȍȕȣȑ Ȑ șȊȍȚȓȣȑ ȔȍȘȞȈȍȚ
Ƕȕ ȧșȕȣȔ ȗȘȖșȊȍȚȖȔ șȊȖȐȔ
ǰ ȚȐȝȖ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ ȗȘȖȗȓȣȊȈȍȚ
ǹȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȐȑ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȑ ȌȣȔ
ǻȎȍȓȤ ȥȚȖ ȚȐȝȖȍ ȗȓȈȔȧ
ǰ ȥȚȐ ȗȘȖșȚȣȍ ȔȍȟȚȣ—
ǺȊȖȍ ȔȕȖȋȖȞȊȍȚȕȖȍ ȏȕȈȔȧ
ǺȊȖȐ ȕȍȏȍȔȕȣȍ ȞȊȍȚȣ"
67
ǶȏȈȘȐȊ ȗȈȘȟț ȒȖȊȣȓȤȕțȦ
ǩȓȍșȒȖȔ ȎȐȌȒȐȝ ȝȘțșȚȈȓȍȑ
ǬȖȎȌȤ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȕȈȌ șȚȍȗȤȦ ȗȣȓȤȕȖȦ
ǰ șȊȍȚȓȖ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ ȔȖȍȑ
ǰ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȍȑ ȋȘțȌȐ ȌȣȠȐȚșȧ
ǺȐȠȍ ȉȖȓȤ șȍȘȌȍȟȕȣȝ ȘȈȕ
ǪȌȈȓȤ țȗȓȣȓ Ȑ ȕȍ ȒȖȓȣȠȍȚșȧ
ǯȖȓȖȚȖȑ ȌȕȍȊȕȖȑ ȚțȔȈȕ
ǺȈȔ ȏȈ Țțȟȍȑ ȐșȟȍȏȈȦȡȍȑ
ǫȖȓțȉȈȧ ȗțșȚȖȚȈ
ǵȖ ȋȖȘȐȚ șȚȍȏȍȑ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȍȑ
dzȍȋȒȖȑ ȘȈȌțȋȐ ȟȍȘȚȈ
68
ǺǼǹǻǶȍ
ȇ ȊșȝȖȌȐȓ ș ȕȍȑ ȊȌȊȖȍȔ
ǵȈ ȋȖȘȕȣȍ ȒȘțȟȐ
ǬȣȠȈȓȐ
ǹȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ
ǩȈȋȘȖȊȣȔ ȖȋȕȍȔ
ǺȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȚțȟȐ
ǺȘȖȗȐȕȒȈ ȊȍȓȈ
ǵȈ ȊȣșȖȚȣ
ǵȖ ȌțȠȕȈȧ ȔȋȓȈ
ǶȉȓȍȋȓȈ
dzȍȌȕȐȒȖȊȣȍ ȋȓȣȉȣ Ȑ ȋȘȖȚȣ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȏȐȋȏȈȋȖȔ
ǵȈ ȗțȚȐ ȕȈȠȍȔ ȚȘțȌȕȖȔ —
ǿțȌȕȣȔ
ǹȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȐȔ ȉȓȈȋȖȔ
ǩȍȏ
ǶȉȔȈȕȈ
ǷȘȖȘȍȏȈȓ ȏȈȊȍșț ȚțȔȈȕȈ
ǶșȓȍȗȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȉȓȍșȒ ȕȍȉȍș..
69
ǾǮDzȁDZǮ
ǫȖȘȐȚ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȍȍ ȏȕȈȔȧ
ǴȖȍȑ ȌțȠȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ șȚȧȋ
ǩȓȈȋȖțȝȈȦȡȍȍ ȗȓȈȔȧ
ǶȉȍȚȖȊȈȕȤȍ Ȋȍȟȕȣȝ ȉȓȈȋ
ǰ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȖșȚȘȣȔ ȕȍȎȕȣȔ șȊȐșȚȖȔ
ǺȘțȉȐȚ Ȋ ȝȘțșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȘȖȋȈ
ǾȈȘȐȚ ȗȈȘȐȚ Ȋ ȏȍȜȐȘȍ ȟȐșȚȖȔ
ǺȊȖȧ ȕȍȚȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȌțȋȈ
ǹȒȊȖȏȕȖȑ șȐȕȍȦȡȐȑ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘ
ǫȖȘȐȚ șȚȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȔȐ ȖȋȕȧȔȐ
ǶȗȧȚȤ ȊȏȔȍȚȕțȓȈ Țȣ ȕȈȌ ȕȈȔȐ
ǹȊȖȑ ȧșȕȣȑ ȉȓȍȡțȡȐȑ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋ
70
Ǹ ǿǮǺǼǺȁ ǿdzǯdz
Ǵȕȍ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȔȖȓȟȈȚȤ ȊȍȓȍȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈȠȍ
ǰ șȕȖȊȈ ȘȖȒȖȔ șȚȈȘȣȔ șțȎȌȍȕȖ
ǪȖșȚȖȘȋȈ Ȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȐȕȖ
ǽȘȈȕȐȚȤ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖȑ ȟȈȠȍ
Ǫ ȕȍȌȊȐȎȕȖȔ ȧ Ȑ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȗȖȒȖȍ
ǩȍȏȔȖȓȊȕȖ ȎȌț ȗȖȒȈ ȔȐȕțȍȚ ȟȈș
ǰ ȋȈșȐȚ ȉȓȍșȒ ȗȖȓțȏȈȒȘȣȚȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ
ǷȘȍȏȘȍȕȐȍ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȍ Ȑ ȏȓȖȍ
71
ǰ ȄdzǾǸǰǶ
ǨȕȌȘȍȦ ǩȍȓȖȔț
ǻșȚȈȓ Ȋ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȍ ȧ Ȑ ȊȖȚ ȉȍȏȊȓȈșȚȕȖ
ǹȖȔȒȕțȓȐșȧ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ǫ ȍȌȐȕȣȑ ȔȐȋ
ȇ țȊȐȌȈȓ Ȑ ȧȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȧșȕȖ
ǪȓȈȌȣȟȐȞȈ ȚȊȖȑ ȚȖȕȒȐȑ Ȑ șțȘȖȊȣȑ ȓȐȒ
Ǻȣ Ȋ țȏȒȖȔ Ȑ ȊȖȓȕȐșȚȖȔ ȖȌȍȧȕȤȐ
ǰȏ ȘȖȏȖȊȖȑ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȍȑ ȗȈȘȟȐ
ǹȚȖȐȠȤ ș șȊȍȟȖȑ Ȑ ȎȍȓȚȣȑ șȊȍȚ șȊȍȟȐ
DzȘțȋȖȔ ȘȈȏȓȐȓ ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȖȍ șȐȧȕȤȍ
ȇ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȈȓ ȘȣȌȈȧ Ȑ ȓȐȒțȧ
Ǻȣ — ȕȍȎȕȖȍ ȉȍȏȔȖȓȊȐȍ ȝȘȈȕȧ
ǹȒȓȖȕȐȓȈșȤ Țȣ Ȑ ȖȉȖȎȋȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǩȓȈȋȖțȝȈȦȡȍȍ ȗȓȈȔȧ ȗȖȞȍȓțȧ
ǶȚȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ DzȈȒ șȕȖȊȈ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ
DzȈȒ ȗȘȖșȚȖ Ȑ ȚȖșȒȓȐȊȖ Ȋșȍ șȍȑȟȈș
ǷȓȣȊțȚ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȞȊȍȚȕȣȍ ȗȧȚȕȈ
ǯȈ ȚȍȔȕȣȑ ȚȍȔȕȣȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ ȐȒȖȕȖșȚȈș
72
DzǶDzǮǸȀǶȅdzǿǸǮȍ ǺȉǿǹȊ
Ƕ ȌȈ ȓȦȉȐȚȍȓȐ țȍȌȐȕȍȕȤȧ
ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȊȈș — Ȑ ȧ ȔȖȋț șȒȈȏȈȚȤ
ǿȚȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȕȈȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȊȈș ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȤȧ
ǷȖȏȖȘȕțȦ Ȑ ȊȍȟȕțȦ ȗȍȟȈȚȤ
ǽȘȈȕȐȚȍ Ȋȣ ȕȍșȔȍȚȕȣȍ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȈ
ǹȖȒȘȣȊ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȕȍȏȘȐȔȣȑ ȒȓȈȌ
ǹȊȧȏțȍȚ Ȋșȍȝ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȉȘȈȚșȚȊȖ
ǪȈș ȖȉȡȕȖșȚȤȦ ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȕȣȝ țșȓȈȌ
Ƕ ȍȎȍȓȐ ȝȖȚȤ ȘȈȏ Ȗ ȓȐȞȍȔȍȘȣ
ǷȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȊȈȔ șȌȘțȎȐȚȤșȧ ș ȕȐȡȍȚȖȑ
Ǫȣ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ ȉ ȒȈȒ ȉȍȏ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȑ ȊȍȘȣ
DzȈȒ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈȍȌȐȕȍ ș șȖȉȖȑ
73
Ǩ ȇ ǫȍȕȍȘȖȏȖȊț
ǷțșȚȤ Ȕȣ ȏȕȈȍȔ ȌȈȊȕȖ Ȍțȝ țȉȐȚ ȚȊȖȑ
ǰ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȈ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȈȧ ȟȍșȚȤ —
ǶȉȓȈșȒȈȍȚ Țȍȉȧ ȏȈ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȖȑ
ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȚȕȈȧ ȊȍȟȕȈȧ ȊȍșȚȤ
Ǵȣ ȖȚ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ țȒȘȖȍȔ
ǷȖȌȖȑȌȐ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣ Ȕȣ
ǯȈ ȊȣșȖȒȐȔ șȚȖȐȔ ȈȕȈȓȖȍȔ
ǬȖȓȋȖȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȟȐȚȈȍȔ ȗșȈȓȔȣ
ǮȍȓȚȣȔ ȊȖșȒȖȔ ȏȈȒȈȗȈȕȣ ȒȕȐȋȐ
ǩțȌȚȖ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȣȔ ȠȍȓȍșȚȖȔ ȒȘȣȓ
ǷȘȖȏȊȍȕȧȚ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȊȍȘȐȋȐ
ǰ țȏȖȘȕȣȍ ȞȍȗȐ ȒȈȌȐȓ
ǻȏȘȐȠȤ Țȣ ȌȘțȋ ȕȈȠ ȔȐȓȣȑ Ȑ șȚȈȘȣȑ
ǪșȚȘȍȚȐȊ ȘȈȕȕȍȍ țȚȘȖ ȉȍȏ șȕȈ
ǿȚȖ șȖȏȊȍȏȌȤȍ ȈȓȔȈȏȕȖȑ ȚȐȈȘȖȑ
ǰȏ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȕȖȋȖ ȉȓȍȡȍȚ ȖȒȕȈ
74
ǰǿdzǻǼȇǻǮȍ
ǨȕȌȘȍȦ ǩȍȓȖȔț
ȇ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȔ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȔ ȝȘȈȔȍ
ȇ — țșȓȣȠȈȊȠȐȑ ȚȈȑȕțȦ ȊȍșȚȤ
«ǹ ȕȈȔȐ șȊȍȚ ȗȘȖșȊȍȚȓȧȦȡȐȑ ș ȕȈȔȐ
ǹȔȍȘȚȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ Ȑ ȕȍșȚȤ».
Ǵȕȍ Ȋ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȔȖȍȑ șȓȈȌȒȖ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ
Ǵȕȍ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȔȖȦ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȎȈȓȤ —
ǰ șȔȖȚȘȦ ȧ șȔȖȚȘȦ ȉȖȋȖȔȖȓȤȕȖ
ǹȒȊȖȏȤ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȦȦ ȧȘȒțȦ ȌȈȓȤ
DzȚȖ ȚȈȔ Ȋ ȉȓȍȡțȡȍȔ ȘȖȏȖȊȖȔ ȕȖȊȖȔ
ǷȈȘȟȍȊȖȔ ȖȌȍȧȕȤȐ ȏȈșȚȣȓ
ǰ ȍȋȖ ȖȔȖȜȖȘȖȔ șȕȍȋȖȊȣȔ
ǻȏȒȐȑ ȖȉȓȈȒ ȒȓțȉȧșȤ ȗȍȘȍȊȐȓ"
DzȚȖ ȚȈȔ Ȋ ȘȐȏȣ șȐȐ ȖȉȓȍȒȈȍȔ"
ǸȈȍȔ ȉȓȈȋȖțȝȈȦȡȐȑ ȔȐȋ
ǰ ȗȖȍȚ ȚȈȔ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȑ ȓȐȒ
«ǸȈȏȊȍ ǩȖȋȈ ȐȕȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȔ».
75
ǪȐȌȐȠȤ ȟȚȖ ȊȍȚȘȣ ȏȈȚȍȧȓȐ"
ǹȓȣȠȐȠȤ Ȑȝ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȑ ȠȖȘȖȝ"
Dz ȉȓȍȌȕȖȔț ȏȈȗȈȌț șȊȍȧȓȐ
ǸȖȏ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȍȦȡȐȝ ȊȖȘȖȝ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȔț Ȏȍ ȕȍȚȓȍȕȕȖȍ
ǷȘȐțȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȐ ȓȖȎȍ"
ǹȟȈșȚȤȍ ȔȖȍ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȖȍ,
ǹȟȈșȚȤȍ ȟȚȖ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȌȖȘȖȎȍ
76
Ǫ ȒȕȐȋȈȝ șȚȈȘȣȝ Ȑ ȗȣȓȤȕȣȝ ȟȐȚȈȓ ȗȘȖ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȧ
ǷȘȖȞȊȍȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȚȈȔ ȉȓȈȋȖȊȖȕȕȣȔ ȞȊȍȚȒȖȔ
Ǫ ȒȕȐȋȈȝ șȓȈȌȒȐȑ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋ șȓȈȊȖșȓȖȊȤȧ
ǶȉȎȐȋȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖșȚȘȣȔ Ȑ ȕȍȎȕȣȔ ȖȋȕȍȔ
ǵȖ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȦ ȧ ȊȈȔ ȏȈȗȣȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȕȐȋȐ
ǰ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȚșȧ ȔȕȖȑ ȉȍșȗȖȡȈȌȕȈȧ ȔȍșȚȤ
ǯȈȏȊȍȕȧȚ ȏȈȗȖȦȚ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȊȍȘȐȋȐ
ǯȈȔȖȓȟț ȧ țșȓȣȠȈȊȠȐȑ ȌȐȊȕțȦ ȊȍșȚȤ
ǫȖȓȖș ȈȕȋȍȓȤșȒȐȑ șȓȣȠȍȕ «ǵȐȏȊȍȘȎȍȕ ȊȘȈȋ șȚȈȘȣȑ
ǷțșȚȤ Ȏȍ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȤȍȔ ȉțȌȍȚ Țȍȉȍ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ
ǺȖ ȒȈȒ țȚȘȖȔ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȍ ȈȓȔȈȏȕȖȑ ȚȐȈȘȖȑ
ǺȖȕȒȐȔ ȉȓȍșȒȖȔ ȖȌȕȈ ȓȐȠȤ ȓțȟȐȚșȧ ȏȊȍȏȌȈ».
77
ǹ dzȐșȚȖȊț
ǹȔȍȘȚȤȦ ȋȘȧȌțȡȍȦ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏȊȧȎȍȚșȧ
ǹȍȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ șȈȔȐ șȊȧȏȈȓȐ
ǷțșȚȤ Ȏȍ țȓȣȉȒȖȦ șȚȘȖȋȖȦ șȒȈȎȍȚșȧ
ǸȈȌȖșȚȤ ȗȘȍȌșȔȍȘȚȕȖȑ ȗȍȟȈȓȐ
ǿȐșȚȣȔ ȗȘȍȌ ǫȖșȗȖȌȖȔ șȊȍȚȧȚ ȍȓȍȍȔ
ǵȈȠȐ ȉȖȓȤȕȣȍ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȤȧ
ǬțȠț ȗȖȋȐȉȠțȦ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȎȈȓȍȍȔ
Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȏȈȓȖȋ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȕȤȧ
ǰ ȏȈȋȓȧȕȐ-ȒȈ Ȋ șȍȉȧ Țȣ țȒȘȈȌȒȖȦ
ǫȘțșȚȕȖȑ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȖȑ Ȕȣ ȘȈȌȣ
Ǭțȝ ȖȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȏȓȖȑ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȒȖȦ —
ǷȓȈȔȧ ȝȘțșȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȓȈȔȗȈȌȣ
ǩȘȣȏȋȈȔȐ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȏȈȗȧȚȕȈȓȈ ȕȈș ȈȓȣȔȐ
DzȘȖȊȤ ȗȘȐȟȈșȚȐȓȈ ȖȚȊȈȋȍ
ǹȊȍȚȓȣȔȐ ȖșȚȘȣȔȐ ȚȖȕȒȐȔȐ ȎȈȓȈȔȐ
ǷțșȚȤ ȏȈȉȓȍșȚȧȚ ȕȈȠȐ ȠȗȈȋȐ
78
ǰ ǮǹȊǯǼǺ
ǻȊȣ ȗȘȖșȚȖȑ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ ȖȗȣȚ
ǴȖȍȑ ȌțȠȐ ȕȍ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓ
ǰ ȌȍȔȖȕ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȔȖȑ șȊȖȑ ȠȍȗȖȚ
Ƕ ȏȓȣȝ ȕȖȟȈȝ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓ
ǵȖ șȒȖȘȉȤ ȖȟȐșȚȐȓȈ ȎȍȓȈȕȤȧ
ǰ ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȈȧ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ
ǹȚȘȍȓȖȦ șȚȘȖȋȖȋȖ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȤȧ
ǷȘȖȕȏȈȍȚ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȊȕȖȊȤ
79
ǿȀǮǻǿȉ
Ƕ ȌȍȚșȚȊȖ — ȏȖȓȖȚȈȧ ȗȖȋȘȍȔțȠȒȈ
ǸȍȉȍȕȖȒ ȗȘȖȏȊȍȕȐȚ șȔȍȍȚșȧ Ȑ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊ
ǰ ȟțȚȒȐȍ ȌȊȈ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȍ țȠȒȈ
ǪȕȐȔȈȦȚ șȍȑ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȑ ȗȍȘȍȓȐȊ
Ǩ ȦȕȖșȚȤ ș ȈȘȜȖȑ ȔȕȖȋȖșȚȘțȕȕȖȑ șȝȖȌȕȈ
ǺȈȒ ȏȊțȟȍȕ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȐȊ ȍȍ ȕȈȗȍȊ
Ǫ ȕȍȔ ȖȚȘȈȏȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖȓȕȖ Ȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ
dzȖȉȏȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȍȕȐ ȕȍȎȕȣȝ ȌȍȊ
ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ țȚȐȝȕȍȚ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ȧȘȖșȚȤ
DzȈȒ Ȋȍȟȕȣȑ șȗȖȘ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ ȌȖȉȘȈ Ȑ ȏȓȈ —
ǵȈȌ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȏȈȋțȌȧȚ Ȗ șȚȈȘȖșȚȤ
ǺȊȖȐ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓȈ
80
ǴȐȓȣȍ ȗȘȖȡȈȑȚȍ — ȏȌȍșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȌțȠȕȖ
ǺȖȚ Ȏȍ ȧ — Ȑ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȐȕȖȑ
ǪȖȚ țȕȍș Ȕȍȕȧ ȓȈșȒȈȦȡȐȑ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȑ
ǪȍȚȍȘ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ șȊȍȚȓȣȑ ȋȖȓțȉȖȑ
ǰ ȓȍȟț ȓȍȟț Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȈȝ ȧșȕȣȝ
ǪșȦȌț ȉȓȍȌȕȈȧ ȜȐȈȓȒȖȊȈȧ șȚȍȗȤ
dzȐȠȤ ȊȕȐȏț ȗȖȊȍșȐȓ ȒȈȠȍȒ ȒȘȈșȕȣȝ
DzȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȍȦȡțȦ ȞȍȗȤ
81
ȋǹdzDZǶȍ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ ȌȐȊȕȣȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ
ǮȐȏȕȤ ȖȏȈȘȐȚ ȧ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȓȦșȤ ȚȖȋȌȈ
ǯȈȟȍȔ ǫȖșȗȖȌȤ șȖȏȌȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȥȚȖȔ
ǰ ȕȍ ȌȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖșȐȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȚȘțȌȈ
ǪșȦ șȒȖȘȉȤ șțȌȤȉȣ Ȑ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȕȕțȦ șȒțȒț
ǰ ȉȖȓȤ șȚȘȈșȚȍȑ ȖȚȘȈȊț ȚȈȑȕȣȝ șȓȍȏ
ǰ ȊȍȟȕțȦ ȋȘȧȌțȡțȦ ȘȈȏȓțȒț
DzȈȒ ȧ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȕȍș
dzȐȠȤ ȉȣȚȤ ȒȈȒ Ȋșȍ ǵȍ ȊȍȌȈȦ ȕȈșȚȈȕȍȚ
ǰȓȤ ȕȍȚ ȖȉȔȈȕȍȚ ȏȓȖȉȕȖ ȊȕȖȊȤ
ǺȖȚ ȔȐȋ ȒȖȋȌȈ țȎȍ ȌȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȘȈȕȐȚ
Ǫ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ"
82
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ǪȍȕȖȒ ȗȖȓțȘȈșȞȊȍȚȠȐȝ ȘȖȏ
ǵȍ ȍșȚȤ ȓȐ șȊȧȏȤ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ"
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȐ ȊȖșȝȖȌȈ
ǷȖȉȓȍȒȕțȚ ȏȊȍȏȌȕȣȍ ȞȊȍȚȣ
DzȚȖ ȊȐȌȐȚ șȕȣ — ȧ ȐȓȐ Țȣ
ǹȍșȚȘȈ ȓȦȉȐȔȈȧ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȈ"
ǰ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȐȓȐ ȔȕȐȚșȧ
ǷȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȤȍ ȟȤȐȝ-ȚȖ ȘțȒ
ǰ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȔȍȓȖȌȐȟȕȣȑ ȏȊțȒ
DzȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȟțȚȤ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȌȓȐȚșȧ"
ǰ ȒȚȖ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȊȐȌȕȈ ȖȌȍȚȈ
ǹȊȍȘȒȈȕȤȍȔ ȘȖȏȖȊȖȑ ȗȈȘȟȐ
ǷȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȊșȗȣȝȕțȓȐ ȓțȟȐ
ǵȈȌ ȉȍȏȌȕȖȑ ȋȖȓțȉȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ"
ǷȖȚȖȔ țȎȍ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ
ǩȍȏȌȖȕȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȤ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ
ǶȋȖȕȤ.....
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Ƕǵ ǻdzǿǼǯǾǮǻǻǼDZǼ
85
ǻǼǰȉdz ǰǮǾǰǮǾȉ
ǵȈȌȍ Ǿ
ǵȈȔ ȟȈșȚȖ ȚȊȍȘȌȧȚ ȟȚȖ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȊȈȘȊȈȘȣ Ȕȣ
ǽȖȚȐȔ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȚȤ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȓȐșȚȣ
ǷȍȘȋȈȔȍȕȚȖȊ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȝ ȝȘȈȔ ȏȕȈȕȤȧ
DzțȓȤȚțȘȣ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȑ ȝȖȚȐȔ Ȕȣ ȏȈȎȍȟȤ —
ǷȖȥȚȖȔț șȔȍȘȚȤȦ ȓȐȒțȍȚ ȕȈȠ Ȕȍȟ
ǷȖȌȕȧȓȐ Ȕȣ ȕȈȠȐ ȖȋȕȐ
ǷțșȚȤ ȚȈȒ — ȧ ȕȍ șȚȈȕț șȒȘȣȊȈȚȤ
Ǵȣ ȒȓȧȚȊț ȌȈȍȔ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȘȈȏȘțȠȈȚȤ
ǵȖ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȕȍ ȧȘȟȍ Țȍ ȗȍșȕȐ ȟȚȖ Ȕȍȟ ȕȈȠ ȗȖȍȚ
ǿȍȔ șȚȈȘȣȝ ȗȐșȈȕȐȑ ȟȍȘȕȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȕȈȓȍȚ"
ǰ Ȋ ȜȈȒȍȓȈȝ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȕȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȓȤ ȋȖȘȐȚ"
ǫȓȈȏȈ ȊȈȠȐ ȚțșȒȓȣȍ ȧȌȖȔ șȓȍȗȐȚ
ǵȖ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȖȔ șȚȘȖȍȕ ȊȈȠ ȝȘȈȔ Ȑȏ ȒȖȓȖȕȕ —
DzȖȘȖȉȐȚșȧ ȚȈȔ Ȑ ȋȕȐȍȚ ȗȖȟȍȘȕȍȊȠȐȑ ȒȈȘȚȖȕ
ǷȖȊȍȘȤȚȍ — ȕȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ Ȉ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ Ȋȣ
Ǵȣ ȓȦȉȐȔ șȊȧȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȏȕȈȕȤȧ ȞȊȍȚȣ
Ǵȣ ȏȕȈȍȔ — șȊȍȚȐȓȤȕȐȒ Ȑȏ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȘȖȏ
ǶȚȒȘȖȍȚ ȕȈȔ ǩȖȋȈ — ȧȊȐȚșȧ ȅȘȖș
ǷȘȐȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ ȔțȌȘȣȍ — ȊȈȘȊȈȘȣ ǩȖȋȈ ȕȈȠȓȐ
ǽȘȐșȚȖș — ȥȚȖȚ ȊȈȘȊȈȘ ȒȘțȠȐȚȍȓȤ țșȚȖȍȊ ȗȘȍȋȘȈȌ
ǰ ȔȐȘ șȖȌȘȖȋȕțȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ȉțȘȍȑ ȖȉȢȧȚ
ǰ ȔțȒȐ ȚȍȘȗȍȓȐ ȖȚ ȊȈș ȕȖ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȠȓȐ
ǯȈȚȍȔ ȐȔ șȔȐȘȍȕȕȖ ȝȊȈȓț ȊȖȏȕȖșȐȓȐ
Ǫȣ ȟȍȘȊȐ ȔȖȋȐȓȤȕȣȍ ȐȔ Ȏȍ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ
©ɊȐȔ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȘȈȏȘțȠȐȚȤ ȟȚȖȉ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȕȈȑȚȐ
— ǵȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȓȐ ȉȘȈȚȤȧ ȊȍȌȤ ȕțȎȕȖ ȐȌȚȐ"»
Ǫȣ — ȔȍȘȏȒȐȍ ȋȈȌȣ — șȓȍȗȞȣ
Ƕ ȊȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȕȍ ȉȖȧșȤ ȧ ȒȘȐȟț:
©ȇ — ȊȈȘȊȈȘ ȕȖ ȔȐȘț ȧ ǩȖȋȈ ȕȈȑȌțª
86
ǸǮǶǻǶȀ
dzȦȉȓȦ ȧ ȏȓȖ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȧ ȋȘȍȝ,
dzȦȉȓȦ ȧ ȌȍȘȏȖșȚȤ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȤȧ
Ǭ ǹ ǴȍȘȍȎȒȖȊșȒȐȑ
Ƕ ȔțȌȘȣȑ ǹȖȉȓȈȏȕȐȚȍȓȤ
ǯȓȖȑ Ǭțȝ țȎȍȓȐ Țȣ
ǵȍȗȖȕȧȚȣȑ țȟȐȚȍȓȤ
ǪȍȓȐȒȖȑ DzȘȈșȖȚȣ
ǯ ǫȐȗȗȐțș
ȇ ȊȖșȒȘȍȠȈȦ șȕȖȊȈ ȔȐȜȣ
ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȐȑșȒȖȑ șȚȈȘȐȕȣ
ǰ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȔȐȕțȦ ȘȐȜȣ
ǭȍ ȏȈȉȣȚȖȑ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ
ǷȤȦ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȝ ȍȘȍșȍȑ ȖȚȘȈȊȣ
ǷȖȋȐȉȠȐȝ șȍȒȚ ȔȈȕȧȡȐȑ ȧȌ —
ǷțșȚȤ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȗȖȍȚ ȉȣȓȣȍ șȓȈȊȣ
DzȐȜȈȘȣ ȏȊțȟȕȖȑ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȑ ȓȈȌ
ǽȊȈȓȈ Ǻȍȉȍ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȍȓȤ —
ǵȈș Ȑȏ ȚȦȘȤȔȣ ȥȌȍȔșȒȐȝ ȕȍȋ
Ǻȍȉȍ Ȗ DzȈȐȕ-ȗȘȈȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȤ —
Ǻȣ ȏȕȈȕȤȧ ȊȣșȠȍȋȖ ȒȖȊȟȍȋ
ǶșȈȕȕȈ ȊȈȔ ǹȖȌȖȔ-ǫȖȔȖȘȘȈ
ǽȊȈȓȈ — ȊȈȠ ȉȓțȌ șȊȧȚȖȑ ȊȍȓȐȒ
Ǻȍȉȍ ȗȖȌ șȍȕȤȦ șȐȒȖȔȖȘȈ
<ǽȘȐșȚȈ> ȗȘȍȌȈȊȠȐȑ țȟȍȕȐȒ
DzȚȖ ȊȖșșȣȓȈȓ ȉȖȋȖȝțȓȍȕȤȧ
DzȈȒ ȋȐȔȕ ȊȖ ȐȔȧ ȒȘȣȓȤȍȊ ȏȓȈ
87
ǪșȍȔ ȒȚȖ ȌȍȘȏȕțȓ ȕȈ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȤȍ
ǬȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȍȟȕȈȧ ȝȊȈȓȈ
ǷȖȘȖȟȕȣȑ ȌȍȘȏȒȐȑ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȍȕȕȣȑ —
ǻȓȣȉȒȈ ȋțȉȣ Ȕȕȍ ȒȘȐȊȐȚ —
Ǫșȍȑ ȔțȌȘȖșȚȤȦ ȋȘȍȝȈ ȗȓȍȕȍȕȕȣȑ
ȇ ȒȈȐȕȐȚ ȧ ȒȈȐȕȐȚ
(ȇȕȊ ȋ
88
ǽǼǿdzȇdzǻǶdz
ǬȈȊȕȖ ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȥȚȈ
ǷȖȝȖȘȖȕȐȓȐ Ȕȣ Ȉ Ȗȕ
ǷȘȐȝȖȌȐȚ Ȓ ȕȈȔ ș ȚȖȋȖ-ȚȖ șȊȍȚȈ
DzȈȒ ȕȍ ȉȣȊȈȓȖ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕ
ǵȍ ȐȏȔȍȕȧșȤ ȕȐȟțȚȤ ȖȉȓȐȟȤȍȔ
ǷȘȐȌȍȚ ȒȐȊȕȍȚ ȓȐȞȖ șȊȖȍ
ǹȒțȓȈșȚȖȍ Ȑ ș ȕȖșȖȔ ȗȚȐȟȤȐȔ
Ǫșȍ ȖșȚȘȖȍ ȒȈȒ ȓȍȏȊȐȍ
DzȈȒ ȗȖȓȖșȈ ȌȈȔȈșșȒȖȑ șȚȈȓȐ
ǷȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚ Ȓ ȕȈȔ ȉȣȓȖȑ ȖȋȖȕȤ
ǹȊȍȘȒȕȍȚ Ȋ ȖȟȈȝ Ȉ Ȕȣ «ȕȍ ȎȌȈȓȐ
Ǻȍȉȧ» ȚȊȍȘȌȐȔ ȍȔț «ȕȍ ȚȘȖȕȤ
Ǫ ǬȈȕȐȓȖȊȖȔ ȚȊȖȧ ȔȖȋȐȓȈ
ǺȈȔ ȌȖȎȐȌȈȑșȧ șțȌȕȣȝ ȚȘțȉ».
ǯȌȍșȤ ȚȘțȗ ȕȖ ȌȐȊȕȖ ȖȏȈȘȐȓȈ
ǭȋȖ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ ȋțȉ
ǰ ȎțȚȒȖ ȎțȚȒȖ ȗȖ-ȐȕȖȔț
ǪșȍȔ ȊȌȘțȋ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ǿȚȖ ȋȘȧȕȍȚ ȊȍșȚȤ «ȗȖ-ȐȔȍȕȕȖȔț»
ǿȘȍȏ ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȊȠțȦșȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ǿȚȖ șȍȑ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȒ ȕȍ ȖȚ ǩȖȋȈ ȓȤ"
ǷȘȐȠȓȍȞ ȗȘȐȝȖȌ ȗȖȕȧȚȍȕ ȚȊȖȑ
ǰ șȚȘȈȠȍȕ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȔ ȌțȠȈȔ ǫȖȋȖȓȤ
ǴȍȘȚȊȍȞ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞ ș ȌțȠȖȑ ȎȐȊȖȑ
89
ǯǾǼDzȍDZǮ
ǽȎȞȜȒȖȭ țȎ Ǯ ǯȓșȜȑȜ
ǩȍȏ ȗȈșȗȖȘȚȈ ȉȘȖȌȧȋȈ ȧ
ǩȘȍȌț ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȑ ȏȕȖȑȕȖȑ șȚȍȗȤȦ
ǰ ȘȈȌȈ Ȋșȧ ȌțȠȈ ȔȖȧ
ǭȍ ȞȊȍȚȕȖȔț ȉȓȈȋȖȓȍȗȤȦ
ǪȖȚ ȊȐȎț ȧ, — ȖȋȖȕȤ ȎȐȊȖȑ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȗȖ șȚȈȘȣȔ ȎȐȓȈȔ —
ǺȈȔ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ șȚȖȓȉȖȊȖȑ
ǺȈȔ ȗȣȓȤ ȗȣȓȐȚ Ȑ ȗȣȠȍȚ ȗȣȓȖȔ
ǰ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȕȍȒȐȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ șȚȘȈȝ
ǷȖȒȘȣȓ ȟȍȓȖ Ȕȕȍ ȝȓȈȌȕȣȔ ȗȖȚȖȔ
ǫȓȧȎț ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐȌȖȘȖȎȕȣȑ ȗȘȈȝ
DzȓțȉȐȚșȧ ȊȤȍȚșȧ ȓȍȋȒȐȔ ȓȍȚȖȔ
ǰ ȟȘȍȏ ȗțȠȐșȚțȦ ȒȖȊȣȓȤ
dzȍȟț ȒȈȒ ȊșȗțȋȕțȚȈȧ șȖȑȒȈ
ǷȖ ȚȘȈȒȚț ȚȈȔ ȊȏȔȍȚȈȧ ȗȣȓȤ
DzȈȚȐȚ ȐșȗȘȈȊȕȐȟȈȧ ȚȘȖȑȒȈ
ǬȍȒ ȋ
90
DZǼǾǼDzǼǰǼǷ
ǽȎȞȜȒȖȭ țȎ ǰ ǯȞȬȟȜȐȎ
ǪȍșȤ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ȋ ȧȘȒȖȔ ȠțȔȕȖȔ ȉȓȍșȒȍ
Ǩ șȚȘȈȎ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȣ ȊȍȒȖȊȖȑ
ǹȚȖȐȚ ȕȈ ȓȦȌȕȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȒȍ
Ǻȣ — ȔȖȕțȔȍȕȚ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȊȖȑ
ǰ ȗȘȐ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖȔ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ
DzȖȋȌȈ ǽȈȖș ȘȈȏȐȕȍȚ ȗȈșȚȤ
ǺȊȖȐ ȠȈȋȐ ȘȈȏțȔȕȖ-ȒȘȈȚȒȐ
ȇȊȓȧȧ ȕȈȔ șȔȧȚȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȓȈșȚȤ
ǬȈ ȧ Țȍȉȧ Ȋ ȊȍȒȈȝ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ
ǰ ș ȚȖȗȖȘȖȔ Ȋ ȗțȟȒȍ ȊȍȚȊȍȑ
DzȈȒ ȓȐȒȚȖȘ ȞȍȏȈȘȧ Țȣ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ
DzȈȏȕȐȊȠȐȑ ǩȘțȚȈ șȣȕȖȊȍȑ
Ǻȣ ȊȖȐȕ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ șȚȘȈȝȈ
ǰ ȕȈȌ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȖșȚȤȦ ȓȐȞȈ
ǹȊȍȘȒȈȍȚ ȏȖȓȖȚȈȧ ȉȓȧȝȈ
DzȈȒ ȖȚȉȓȍșȒ ȞȈȘșȒȖȋȖ ȊȍȕȞȈ
ǬȍȒ ȋ
91
ǽǼǿǹǮǻǶdz ǯǼǾǶǿȁ ǿǮDzǼǰǿǸǼǺȁ
ǽǾǶ DzǮǾdzǻǶǶ dzǺȁ ȂǮǾȂǼǾǼǰǼǷ ǯdzǵDzdzǹȁȆǸǶ
ǩȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȧȚ Țȍȉȧ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȋȐ
DzȍȔȐȑșȒȐȍ Ȑ ǶȏȐȘȐș
ǷȘȐȔȐ ȗȖȌȈȘȖȒ ȔȖȑ țȉȖȋȐȑ
ǷȘȐȔȐ ȗȖȥȚ «ǪȍșȖȊ» — ǩȖȘȐș
ǷțșȚȤ ȕȍȉȍșȈ șȖȊȤȦȚșȧ Ȋ șȊȐȚȖȒ
ǷțșȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȋȐȉȕȍȚ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ ELV
ǵȖ șȍȚȤȦ ȗȘȖȟȕȣȝ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȝ ȕȐȚȖȒ
ǬȈ șȊȧȎȍȚ ȌȈȘ ȔȖȑ ȕȈș ǩȖȘȐș
ǽȖȚȤ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȕȖș ȒȈȒ ȋțșȤ ȐȔȍȍȚ
ǵȖ ȕȍ ȉȍȌȈ ǷȘȍȕȍȉȘȍȋȐ
ǺȖ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȘțȉȐȕȖȔ Ȋ ȒȓȦȊȍ ȘȌȍȍȚ
ǴȖȍȑ Ȓ Țȍȉȍ ȔȖȍȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ
ǼȈȘȜȖȘȖȊȣȑ șȍȑ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȓȍȉȍȌȤ —
ǵȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȤȍ ȗȘȍȌ ȚȖȉȖȑ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌșȔȍȘȚȕȖȑ ȉțȌȍȠȤ Ȕȋȓȍ ȗȍȚȤ
Ƕ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȌȘțȋ ȒȈȒ ȓȍȉȍȌȤ ȗȖȑ
[21 ȜȍȊȘȈȓȧ ȋ]
ǽȞȖșȜȔȓțȖȭ
93
ǫ ǿțȓȒȖȊ ǷȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȖ ǰȏȐȌȣ DzȘȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȖȟȍȘȒȐ
ǰȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȎțȘȕȈȓȈ ©ǯȖȓȖȚȖȍ ǸțȕȖª Ǵ 1909 ȋ Ǿ 1 Ș
ǰȔȍȕȈ ȔȣșȓȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȗȖȥȚȖȊ Ȑ țȟȍȕȣȝ țȔȍȓȖ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖ-
Ȏȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȐ ȊȣșȒȈȏȣȊȈȕȐȐ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȓȐȉȖ ȔȣșȓȐ ȔȖȋțȚ ȍȡȍ
Șȍȏȟȍ ȊȣȧȊȐȚȤ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȌțȝȖȊȕȖȍ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȐȍ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ
DzȈȎȌȈȧ șȚȈȚȤȧ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȖȟȍȘȒ ȋ ǫ ǿțȓȒȖȊȈ ȗȍșȚȘȐȚ ȐȔȍȕȈ-
ȔȐ ǷȖ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔț ȗȖȌșȟȍȚț Ȑȝ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȌȖ 50-ȚȐ
ȕȈ 20 șȚȘȈȕȐȞȈȝ ȒȘțȗȕȖȑ ȗȍȟȈȚȐ ǺțȚ Ȑ DzȈȕȚ ȒȖȍȔț ȕȈșȓȍ-
ȌțȍȚ ȗȖ ȐȌȍȑȕȖȑ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ǫ ǰȊȈȕȖȊ ȚțȚ Ȑ Ǽ ǺȦȚ-
ȟȍȊ ȗȘȧȔȣȔ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȚȍȓȍȔ ȐșȚȐȕȕȖ-șȐȔȊȖȓȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ǹ ǫȖȘȖȌȍȞȒȐȑ ǹȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ Ȑ ȐȔȍȕ
ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȔȣșȓȐ ȚȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣ Ȉ șȈȔ ȋ ǫ
ǿțȓȒȖȊ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȕȈȔ Ȋșȍ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȍȑ DzȈȒ ȉȣ ȐȔȍ-
ȕȈȔȐ ȥȚȐȔȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȟȍȘȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ șȍȉȧ Ȉ ȏȈȟȍȘȒȕțȓ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȓșȧ
ȉȍȏȣȔȍȕȕȣȔ ǺȈȒȖȍ ȐȏȖȉȐȓȐȍ ȐȔȍȕ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȗȖȌȘȈȏțȔȍȊȈȚȤ
Ȑ ȕȍȔȈȓȣȍ ȏȕȈȕȐȧ Ǫ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȘȈșȒȘȖȍȔ ȒȕȐȋț ȕȈ ȓȦȉȖȔ
ȔȍșȚȍ Ǫ 35 șȚȘȖȒȈȝ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȣ -Ȗȑ — ȕȈ ȕȍȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ
ȒȕȐȋȈ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚșȧ Ȗ ȀȍȓȓȐȕȋȍ ©ȔȐȜȖȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȍª Ȗ șȐȔ-
ȊȖȓȐȏȔȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖ Ȗ șȐȔȊȖȓȐȏȔȍ ȐȌȍȈȓȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ Ȗ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȔ
ȐȕȌȐȊȐȌțȈȓȐȏȔȍ ȌȍȒȈȌȍȕȚșȚȊȍ ȕȐȞȠȍȈȕșȚȊȍ ȉȖȌȓȍȘȐȈȕ-
șȚȊȍ ȓȐȘȐȒȍ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚșȧ «țȕȐȊȍȘș» ȅ ǷȖ Ǫȓ ǹȖȓȖȊȤȍȊ
ȒȖȍ-ȟȚȖ ȍȡȍ Ȕȣ ȗȘȖȗțșȚȐȓȐ ǷȖȕȧȚȐȧ Ȑ ȐȔȍȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ
șȔȣșȓȈ Ȑ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȧ ȕȖ ȕȍȚ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȈ ȕȐ șȖȟȍ-
ȚȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȚȈȒ ȕȐ ȚȈȒ ȐȔȐ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȊȖȏȕȐ-
ȒȈȍȚ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȚȈȒȈȧ șȊȖȉȖȌȈ Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȕȖșȚȤ" ǷȘȍȌȗȖ-
ȓȖȎȐȓȐ ȉȣȓȖ Ȕȣ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȍȚșȧ ȥȚȖ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ
ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȋȈȏȍȚ ȚȖȡȐȝ ȉȘȖȠȦȘ Ȑ ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȍȎȍȕȍ-
ȌȍȓȤȕȐȒȖȊ ȟȐȚȈȍȚ ȋ ǫ ǿțȓȒȖȊ ȏȈȟȈșȚțȦ ȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȚȍȈȚȘ Ȋȍ-
ȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ ȐȉȖ șȟȐȚȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ «ȞȍȕȚȘȖȔ ȎȐȏȕȐ» Ȉ ȘȈș-
șțȎȌȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȞȍȕȚȘȖȔ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȕȐȋȐ — ȖȚșȦȌȈ ȔȈȓȖ ȓȐ ȟȍ-
Ȕț ȔȖȎȕȖ ȕȈțȟȐȚȤșȧ ǵȖ ȗȘȐ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ Ȕȣ șȖ-
ȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ țȗțșȚȐȓȐ Ȑȏ ȊȐȌț ȟȚȖ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ț ȋ ǫ ǿțȓ-
ȒȖȊȈ ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȟȐșȓȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȝ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȗȕ ȌȈ-
Ȏȍ ȊșȚțȗȈȍȚ Ȋ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȣ ș ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔȐ Ȉ ȏȌȍșȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ-
șȧ ȕȍȖȉȢȧȚȕȈȧ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȒȖȗȓȍȕȐȧ
94
șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȧ ȊȖȍȌȐȕȖ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȐȏȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ
ȊșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȍȑȠȐȝ șȓțȝȖȊ ǷțșȚȤ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȚ ȗȖȌȖȉ-
ȕȣȑ șȗȖșȖȉ Ȓ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȕȍȓȍȗȖșȚȧȔ ȗțșȚȤ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȍȚ
ȖȉȊȐȕȧȚȤ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ Ȑ Ȋ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȐ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ Ȋ țȗȖȘȕȖȔ Ȑ
ȏȓȖșȚȕȖȔ ȕȍȊȍȎȍșȚȊȍ ȏȈȚȖ ȍșȚȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ «ȕȖȊȖȍ». — ȇ
șȖȔȕȍȊȈȓșȧ ȊȍȘȐȓ ȔȣșȓȐȓ Ȑ șȚȘȈȌȈȓ Ȑ ȊȖȚ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȓșȧ ȔȖȑ
ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȓȖșȤ ȔȖȍ ȔȐȘȖșȖȏȍȘȞȈȕȐȍ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȖșȤ
ȗȘȍȎȌȍ — ȧ șȓȣȠȈȓ Ȑ ȊȖȚ — ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦ ȔȐȘȈ — ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȚșȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ǭȎȍȓȐ «ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȐȍ ȔȐȘȈ ȍșȚȤ ȓȖȏțȕȋ șȖȊȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȕȖșȚȐ» șȚȘ 28) — șȚȣȌȕȖ ȏȈ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ǹȈȔ ȋ ǫ
ǿțȓȒȖȊ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ «ȕȍȗȘȖȟȕȣ ȕȈȠȐ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȕȐȧ»
șȚȘ 192), ȟȚȖ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȈȧ ȌțȠȈ — «ȌțȠȈ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȜȐ-
ȓȖșȖȜșȒȐȔ șȒȍȗșȐșȖȔ Ȑ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȌȐȓȍȚȈȕȚșȚȊȖȔ»
șȚȘ 13). ǶșȚȈȊȐȔ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜșȒȐȑ șȒȍȗșȐș ȐȉȖ ȘȈȏ
ȕȈ șȚȘ 25 Ȗȕ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȍȚ «ȕȈȠ șȒȍȗȚȐȞȐȏȔ» ȕȈ șȚȘ 28 ȏȈ-
ȧȊȓȧȍȚ Ȗ «ȕȍȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȍȔȖȑ șȚȍȕȍ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜșȒȖȑ ȒȘȐȚȐȒȐ țȚȖȕ-
ȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȒȍȗȚȐȞȐȏȔȈ» ȏȈȡȐȡȈȦȡȍȑ ȈȕȈȘȝȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȐȌȍȐ
Ȗ «ȊȣșȖȒȖȔ Ȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖȔ șȒȍȗȚȐȞȐȏȔȍ» ȒȈȒ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȕȐȐ Ǩ ǩȓȖ-
ȒȈ ȕȈ șȚȘ 87, — ȧșȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȕȈșȓȣȠȒȍ ȕȖ ȖȚȔȍȚȐȔ ȗȘȐ-
ȏȕȈȕȐȍ Ȋ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȌȐȓȍȚȈȕȚșȚȊȍ ǵȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȝțȌȖ-
ȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȕȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜșȒȖȔ ȔȖȘȈȓȤȕȖȔ Ȑ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȖȏ-
ȕȖȔ ȌȐȓȍȚȈȕȚșȚȊȍ ȖȉȘȍȚȈȍȚșȧ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȈȧ ȌțȠȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȐ-
ȌȐȔȖ ȕȍ țȚȖȔȐȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ țȚȖȔȐȓȈșȤ ȉȣ — ȕȍ ȗȐșȈȓȈ ȉȣ ȒȕȐȋ,
ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȝ «ǷȖȒȘȣȊȈȓț ǰȏȐȌȣ».
ǵȍȕȈȊȐșȚȕȖȍ ȋ ǫ ǿțȓȒȖȊț ȌȍȒȈȌȍȕȚșȚȊȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ
«ȐȌȍȖȓȖȋȐȐ» ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȖ «ȋȕȖșȍȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȖȍ Ȑ ȔȍȚȈȜȐȏȐȟȍș-
ȒȖȍ» ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȕȐȍ șȚȘ 77). DzȈȒȐȍ Ȏȍ ȚȍȖȘȍȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍ-
Ƞȓ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȣȊȈȦȚ «ȕȖȊȣȑ ȔȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȘȍȈȓȐȏȔ» șȔȍȕȐȊ-
ȠȐȑ șȐȔȊȖȓȐȏȔ Ȑ ȝȖȚȧ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȓ «ȒȘȐȏȐș» Ȍȍ-
ȒȈȌȍȕȚșȚȊȖ Ȑ șȐȔȊȖȓȐȏȔ ȏȌȍșȤ șȖȊȔȍȡȈȦȚșȧ
ȕȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȗȖ-
șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗȣ ȖȕȖȋȖ" ǺȘțȌȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȔȣșȓȐ ȋ ǫ ǿțȓȒȖȊȈ — ȚȈȒȐȔ ȗȓȖȝȐȔ ȗțȚȈȕȣȔ Ȑ Ȋȣ-
ȟțȘȕȣȔ ȕȍ ȕȈțȟȕȣȔ Ȑ ȕȍ ȘțșșȒȐȔ ȧȏȣȒȖȔ Ȗȕ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȍȚșȧ
ǺȍȔȕȖ Ȑ ȊȧȓȖ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȧȍȚșȧ ȐȔ ȖșȕȖȊȕȖȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȍ — șȐȔȊȖȓ.
«ǪȖȗȓȖȡȍȕȐȍ ȥșȚȍȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȖȚȒȘȣ-
ȊȈȍȚ ȘȧȌ ȔȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȖȚȍȕȞȐȑ ȊȖșȝȖȌȧȡȐȝ Ȓ ȈȉșȖȓȦȚț»
șȚȘ 34 Ȑ șȚȘ 47). ǷȖȗȣȚȈȍȔșȧ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ șȔȣ-
șȓȍ ȋ ǫ ǿțȓȒȖȊ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȐȓ ȚȍȘȔȐȕ «ȥșȚȍȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȗȍȘȍȎȐ-
95
ȊȈȕȐȍ» ǷȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȕȐȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȤ — ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȌȈȕ-
ȕȖșȚȤ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐȊȝȖȌȐȚ
șȦȌȈ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȥșȚȍȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ǵȖ Ȑȏ șȚȘ 187 țȏȕȈȍȔ
ȟȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȕȐȧ ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȍ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȕȐȧ Ȑș-
ȝȖȌȧȡȐȍ Ȑȏ ȔȐȘȈ șțȡȕȖșȚȍȑ DzțȌȈ Ȏȍ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚșȧ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȥșȚȍȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ" ȌȖȋȈȌȣȊȈȍȔșȧ ȟȚȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ șȚȖȧȡȍȔț
Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ șȐȔȊȖȓȈ șȓȖȊț «ȈȉșȖȓȦȚ» ȖȕȖ ȊȍȘȖȧȚ-
ȕȖ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚșȧ Ȓ ȔȐȘț șțȡȕȖșȚȍȑ ǵȖ ȌȖȋȈȌȒȈ ȊȓȍȟȍȚ ȏȈ șȖ-
ȉȖȦ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȋ ǫ ǿțȓȒȖȊ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȒȈȒțȦ
ȋȕȖșȍȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒțȦ Ȑ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜșȒțȦ ȗȖȏȐȞȐȦ Ȗȕ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȍȚ
ǻȊȣ — ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȔ ȕȈ șȚȘ. 21 șȓțȝ Țȍ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ
Ȗ ȉóȓȤȠȍȑ ȞȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȈȕȚȐȕȖȔȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȖșȚȘȖȍȕȐȑ șȘȈȊȕȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ș ȗȖșȚȘȖȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ «ȓȐȠȍȕȣ ȧȌȈ
ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȐȑª Ȑ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȍȔ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȚȤ ȌȈȓȍȍ ǶȚȔȍȚȐȔ Țȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ șȚȘ 147 ȋ ǫ ǿțȓȒȖȊ ȈȗȖȌȐȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐ țȚȊȍȘȎ-
ȌȈȍȚ «Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȟȍȘȚȣ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȍ-
ȘȍȎȐȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȥșȚȍȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȖȏȕȣȔ»,
— ȕȈ șȚȘ Ȏȍ 199 ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȈȗȖȌȐȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐ «ȀȍȒș-
ȗȐȘ ȊȖȓȕțȍȚ ȕȈș ȥșȚȍȚȐȟȍșȒȐ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȥșȚȍȚȐȟȍșȒȐ Ȉ ȕȍ
ȘȍȓȐȋȐȖȏȕȖ» ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȋ ǫ ǿțȓȒȖȊ ȕȍ ȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊțȍȚșȧ ȚȍȔ
ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȊ ȞȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȈȕȚȐȕȖȔȐȑ ȌȈȍȚ ȘȧȌ Ȑȝ Ƕȕ Ȑ șȍȔț
ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȐȦ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȈȡȍȍ ǴȈȚȍȔȈȚȐȟȍ-
șȒȐȍ ȏȈȒȖȕȣ ȗȘȈȊȧȚ ȔȐȘȖȔ ȐȔ ȗȖȌȓȍȎȈȚ ȜȖȘȔȣ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ
ȘȈȏțȔȈ ȓȖȋȐȒȈ ȖȕȐ Ȏȍ ȘȈșȒȘȣȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȘȐȚȔȍ șȚȘ 128),
«ȘȐȚȔ — ȊȓȈȌȣȒȈ ȊșȍȓȍȕȕȖȑ», «ȔțȏȣȒȈ — ȖȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȈȞȐȧ șȖ-
ȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ» Ț ȍ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȞȍȕȕȖȍ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȓȖ-
ȋȐȒȈ ȚȖȎȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȞȍȕȕȈ ǵȍ ȔȖȎȍȔ țȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȘȈȌȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȋ ǫ ǿțȓȒȖȊȈ șȖȖȉȡȐȊ ȍȔț ȖȌȕț ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕțȦ ȍȔț ȜȐ-
ȓȖșȖȜșȒțȦ «ȈȕȚȐȕȖȔȐȦ» ǪȖȚ ȀȖȗȍȕȋȈțȥȘ Ǫ ǰȊȈȕȖȊ ǵȐȞ-
Ƞȍ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȍ șȈȔ ȋ ǫ ǿțȓȒȖȊ ȌțȔȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȔțȏȣȒȈ
«ȖȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȈȞȐȧ șȖȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ» Ȑ ȐșȚȐȕȕȖ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ Ȉ ȖȌȐȕ
șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȚȖȕȟȈȑȠȐȑ ȋȕȖșȍȖȓȖȋ ȗȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ ǯȐȔȔȍȓȤ
țȟȍȕȣȑ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȊȘȖȌȍ Ȑ Ǫ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȈ Ȑ ȀȍȓȓȐȕȋȈ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ
ȐȔȍȕȈ ȒȖȐȝ ȚȈȒ ȡȍȌȘȖ ȘȈșșȍȧȕȣ ȗȖ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȈȔ «ǷȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȈ
ǰȏȐȌȣ» ȌțȔȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȔțȏȣȒȈ ȗȖȚȖȔț-ȚȖ Ȑ șȈȔȈȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȥșȚȍȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȒȈȚȍȋȖȘȐȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȍȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȈ ȖȚ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȈ
Ȓ ȜȈȒȚț ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȌȖȝȖȌȐȚ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȎȍ
ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȍȕ șȈȔȣȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș Ȗ ȚȈȒȖȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȐ
96
ǪȖȚ ȐșȝȖȌȧ Ȑȏ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȝ ȚȍȖȘȍȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȑ Ȑ
ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ ȋ ǫ ǿțȓȒȖȊ ȏȈ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȐșȚȐȒȐ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ
Ȑ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȝ ȗȖȥȚȖȊ ǶȌȕȐȝ țȌȖșȚȈȐȊȈȍȚ ȗȘȐȟȐșȓȐȚȤ Ȓ șȐȔȊȖ-
ȓȐșȚȈȔ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȕȍȚ ȌȈȎȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț țȎȍ ȟȚȖ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȒȈȒ
Ȑȝ ȏȖȊțȚ ȚȈȒ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȑ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȉ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȗȖ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȔț ȎȍȓȈȕȐȦ
ǷțȠȒȐȕ — ȕȍ șȐȔȊȖȓȐșȚ Ǫ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȐ «ǶșȍȕȤ» ț
ȕȍȋȖ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ «ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȖȉȘȈȏȣ» ȕȖ ȕȍȚ «ȓȦȉȖȊȈȕȐȧ» ȕȍȚ
«ȊȏȈȐȔȖȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ș ȖșȍȕȤȦ» ǺȦȚȟȍȊ Ȏȍ — șȐȔȊȖȓȐșȚ Ȋ șȚȐ-
ȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȐ «ǶșȍȕȕȐȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ» Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊțȍȚ «ȘȐȚȔ»,
«țșȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȐȍ șȚȐȝȈ» Ȑ «ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȚȧȎȕȣȝ ȏȊțȒȖȊ —
ȍȕȐ, — ȐȓȤȕ — Ȑ-Ȑȕ» șȚȘ 47).
Ɏ ǹȖȓȖȋțȉ «țșȗȍȓ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȚȖ ȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ǪȍȘ-
ȓȥȕ», «șȚȐȝȐ ȍȋȖ ȓțȕȕȣ» ǭȋȖ ȕȍȌȖȚȣȒȖȔȒȈ «ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ șȚȘȈȠ-
ȕȣȝ ȈșȗȍȒȚȖȊ ȐȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȋ ǿțȓȒȖȊȈ
ǷȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȑ
“ǵȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȒȐ”» Ȉ «ǵȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȒȈ Ȑ ǷȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈȧ ǬȈȔȈ» ț ǩȓȖ-
ȒȈ — «ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȈșȗȍȒȚȖȊ șȖȓȖȊȤȍȊșȒȖȑ ȌȍȊȣ ǸȈȌțȎȕȣȝ ǪȖ-
ȘȖȚ» șȚȘ 81).
«ǷȖȥȏȐȧ Dz ǩȈȓȤȔȖȕȚȈ — ȕȍ ȥȏȖȚȍȘȐȟȕȈ»; ț Ǫ ǩȘȦșȖȊȈ
«ȕȍ ȓȐȘȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȌȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ Ȉ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȍ» (?!) — ȏȈȚȖ ȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ Ȑ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ «ȗȖțȟȐȚȤșȧ ț Ǭ ǼȘȐȌȉȍȘȋȈ Ȑ DzȖȘȐȕȈ» ț ǰ ǩț-
ȕȐȕȈ «Ȋșȍ ȗȖȌȓȐȕȕȖȍ» ȝȖȚȧ Ȗȕ Ȑ șȐȔȊȖȓȐșȚ ȕȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ
ȍȋȖ «ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȗȖȌȓȐȕȕȖȍ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ» Ȑ «ȍȋȖ ȧȏȣȒ ȗȖȟȚȐ
ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȉȈȕȈȓȤȕȣȔ» ȕȈȔȐ ȗȖȌȟȍȘȒȕțȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȍ-
ȓȍșȚȕȖȍ «ȗȖȟȚȐ»); «ȕȖȊȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ» ȗȘȖȏȊțȟȈȓȖ Ȋ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ ǩ
ǯȈȑȞȍȊȈ «ǨȋȘȈȜȍȕȈ» șȈȔ ǩ ǯȈȑȞȍȊ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȍȚ Ȋ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȍ «ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ» ȌȈ Ȑ ȒȈȒ
ȍȔț ȕȍ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȈ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȍȋȖ ȚȈȐȚșȧ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ
ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȒȈȒ «ȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȍȕȐȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ» Ȑ «ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȕȐȍ ȏȍȔȓȐ».
ǵȍȓȤȏȧ ȕȍ țȗȖȔȧȕțȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȒȘȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȖȚȏȣȊȣ ȟȈ-
șȚȖ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȦȚșȧ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȖȚșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȊȘȖ-
Ȍȍ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȋȖ «ǪȖȑȌȐȚȍ Ȋ ȓȍș ȖșȍȕȤȦ ǰ ȗțșȚȤ ȉțȌȍȚ ȔȖȓ-
ȟȈȕȐȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ǰ ȗțșȚȤ ȒȖȘȐȟȕȍȊȣȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ Ȑ ȚȍȔȕȖ-ȏȍȓȍ-
ȕȣȍ ȗȧȚȕȈ ȚȖȓȗȧȚșȧ ȉȍȏȏȊțȟȕȖ ǰ ȗțșȚȤ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȚ-
șȧ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȐȔțȚ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȎȍșȚȒȐȍ ȓȈȗȣ» Ȑ Ț Ȍ Ȑ Ț ȗ
ǹ ȐșșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍȔ ș ȉȍșșȐȓȤȕȖȑ Ȑ șȔȍȠȕȖȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȌȍȘȏ-
ȒȖȑ ȧȘȖșȚȤȦ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȋ ǫ ǿțȓȒȖȊ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȐ ȕȈȠȍȑ Țȍ-
ȗȍȘȍȠȕȍȑ ȌțȝȖȊȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȣȒȓȐ Ȕȣ șȊȧȏȣȊȈȚȤ ș ȐȔȍȕȍȔ Ǭ ǹ ǴȍȘȍȎȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ǹȌȍ-
ȓȈȍȔ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȒȐ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȒȕȐȋȐ ǻ dz ǨȕȌȘȍȍȊȈ Ȋ
«șȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȧȝ» «ȉȖȓȤȠȍ șȖȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȘȈȊȌȣ ȟȍȔ Ȋ
ȖȚȊȓȍȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȘȈșșțȎȌȍȕȐȧȝ Ȗ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȐ șȊ ǺȘȖȐȞȣ» șȚȘ
153). Ǵ ǫȖȘȤȒȐȑ ȥȚȖȚ «ȌȐȊȕȣȑ ȘȖȔȈȕȚȐȒ» — «ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȊȍȘțȦȡȐȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ǪȍȌȤ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ Ȏȍ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȕȈ-
ȏȊȈȚȤ ȊȍȘȖȦ ȘȈșșțȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȋ ǴȍȘȍȎȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ Ȗ ǩȖȋȍ» șȚȘ 162).
ǺȘțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ șțȌȐȚȤ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȓȐ șȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȖȏȓȖȉȓȍȕȐȍ
ȐȓȐ ȋȈȏȍȚȕȣȑ ȖȚȟȍȚ Ȗ ȗȘȖȠțȔȍȊȠȍȑ ȗȘȖȠȓȣȔ ȋȖȌȖȔ ȒȕȐȋȍ
ǵ ǴȖȘȖȏȖȊȈ «ǶȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȋȘȖȏȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȉțȘȍ» ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȋ ǫ
ǿțȓȒȖȊȈ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȉȍȏȋȘȈȔȖȚȕȖ ȕȈ șȚȘ 129, ȟȚȖ ǴȍȘȍȎȒȖȊ-
șȒȐȑ «ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȍȚșȧ ȥșȝȈȚȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȐȌȍȧȔȐ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ “ǨȗȖ-
ȒȈȓȐȗșȐșȈ”» ȕȖ ȕȈ șȚȘ 121 ȗȘȖȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȗȕ Ȗȉ ȐșȚȖȟ-
ȕȐȒȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȚȘȈȝȈ ȌȈȎȍ Ȓ țȗȖȔȧȕțȚȖȔț
ȚȍȟȍȕȐȦ ǺȈȔ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȍȚșȧ Ȗȕ ȗȖ ȗȖȊȖȌț ȐȌȍȑ Ǭ ǹ ǴȍȘȍȎ-
ȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ «ȓțȟȠȍ țȎ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȓȐȘȐȒȈ ȗțșȚȤ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȍȍ ȞȐȕȐȟ-
ȕȖȑ ȕȈȋȖȚȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȥȚȐ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȍ șȓȖ-
ȊȈ».
«ǶȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖșȚȤ» ȊȖȚ ȟȍȋȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȕȖșȐȚ ȋ ǫ
ǿțȓȒȖȊ ǪȖȚ ȖȚȟȍȋȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗȕ Ȗ «ȕȖȊȖȔ ȕȍ ȌȍȒȈȌȍȕȚșȒȖȔ
ȖȗȣȚȍ» «ȗȖ Țț șȚȖȘȖȕț ȌȖȉȘȈ Ȑ ȏȓȈ» Ȗ «ȕȖȊȖȑ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȐ» Ȗ
«ȕȖȊȖȔ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȖȏȕȖȔ ȏȕȈȕȐȐ ȚȈȑȕȖȔ Ȑ șȖȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖȔ» ǵȐ Ȓ
ȟȍȔț ȕȍ ȖȉȧȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȥȚȐ șȓȖȊȈ ǻșȓȣȠȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȑȝ ȗțșȚȐȓ ȒȈȒ
șȗȓȍȚȕȦ Ȑ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȋțȓȧȚȤ ȗȖ ȉȍȓț șȊȍȚț șȖȏȌȈȊȈȧ ȋ
ǿțȓȒȖȊț șȓȈȊț Ȑ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȈ Ȑ ȒȘȐȚȐȒȈ Ȑ ȔȐșȚȐȒȈ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ
ȖșȖȏȕȈȓ ȋ ǫ ǿțȓȒȖȊ șȊȖȑ ȉȍȏțȌȍȘȎȕȣȑ ȌȐȓȍȚȈȕȚȐȏȔ ȍșȓȐ
ȉȣ ȟȍȔț-ȓȐȉȖ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȔț ȗȖțȟȐȓșȧ ȊȖ ȟȚȖ-ȓȐȉȖ ȖȗȘȍ-
ȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓ — ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓȐ ȉȣ Ȕȣ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȝ ȒȕȐȋ ȋ ǫ
ǿțȓȒȖȊȈ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓȐ ȉȣ Ȑ ȥȚȖȑ
ǸțșșȒȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ ȹ
ǿȀǶȃǼȀǰǼǾdzǻǶȍ
ǽǼǿǰȍȇdzǻǻȉdz Ȍ ǿǶDzǼǾǼǰȁ
99
ǯ ǿȎȒȜȐȟȘȜȗ
ǽǼǿǰȍȇdzǻǶdz
Ȇ Ǩ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊț
ǺȊȖȑ Ȍțȝ ȗȈȘȐȚ ȕȈȌ ȊȍȟȕȣȔ ǵȐȓȖȔ
Ǻȣ — șȣȕ ǭȋȐȗȚȈ ǻȘ-ǵȍȚȌȖȘ
DzȈȒȐȔ ȕȍȗȖȉȍȌȐȔȣȔ ȗȣȓȖȔ
ǰșȗȖȓȕȍȕ ȚȊȖȑ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȑ ȊȏȖȘ
ǮȘȍȞ ȎȍȓȚȖȓȐȒȐȑ ȚȍȔȕȖȖȒȐȑ
ǹ ȖȉȘȐȚȖȑ ȔțȌȘȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
Ǻȣ șȊȍȚȖȟ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ
ǵȍ ȏȕȈȧ șȈȔ ȏȈȎȍȋ șȖȉȖȑ
ǶȉȓȖȔȖȒ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȑ ȖȉȍȓȐșȒȈ
ǽȘȈȕȧȡȐȑ șȜȐȕȒșȖȊȣ ȟȍȘȚȣ
ǹ ȔȖȍȑ ȌțȠȖȑ ȚȈȒ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ
ǹȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȔ ȌțȝȖȔ șȓȐȓșȧ Țȣ
dzȦȉȓȦ ȚȊȖȍ ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȤȍ Ȓ ȟȍȘȕȐ
ǰ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȈ ȗȖȒȖȑ
ǰ Țȣ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȐȑ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȓțȟ ȏȈȘȐ ȘȖȌȕȖȑ
ǪȖ ȌȕȐ ȉȍȏȊȘȍȔȍȕȤȧ Ȑ șȒțȒȐ
ǷțȚȤ țșȚțȗȈȧ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȈȔ
ǪȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ Ȕȣ ȗȘȖșȚȍȘȠȐ ȘțȒȐ
Dz ȉȓȍșȕțȊȠȐȔ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ ȊȍȕȞȈȔ
ǵȍ ȕȈȔ ȖȚ ȊȍȒȈ ȎȌȈȚȤ ȕȈȋȘȈȌȣ
Ǵȣ ȌȣȠȐȔ șȕȖȔ ȉȣȓȣȝ ȊȍȒȖȊ
ǹȐȧȕȤȍȔ ǸȐȔȈ Ȑ ȅȓȓȈȌȣ
ǩȓȈȎȍȕșȚȊȖȔ ȗțȠȒȐȕșȒȐȝ șȚȐȝȖȊ
100
ǷȘȐȌȍȚ ȗȖȘȈ ȗȈȌțȚ șȊȧȚȣȕȐ
ǩȖȋȖȊ ȕȐȏȊȍȘȋȕțȚ ȌȐȒȈȘȐ
ǵȖ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȊȕțȒȈȔ Ȕȣ Ȋ ȗțșȚȣȕȍ
ǷȖșȚȈȊȐȔ Țȍ Ȏȍ ȈȓȚȈȘȐ
1907
101
Ǯ ǯȓșȩȗ
ǴǶǵǻȊ
ǷȈȔȧȚȐ Ȇ Ǩ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ
ș ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ ȗȖșȊȧȡȈȦ
ǷȘȖȕȖșȐȚșȧ ȕȈȌ ȚȈȑȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǷȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊ Ȑ ȘȖȒȖȊȣȝ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ
Ǫ ȕȍȉȍșȕȖ-ȋȖȓțȉȖȑ ȖȚȟȐȏȕȍ
dzȍȋȒȖȚȍȒțȡȐȑ ȌȣȔȕȣȑ șȖȕ
ǪȖȏȕȖșȧȚșȧ ȗȖȌ ȕȍȉȍșȈȔȐ
dzȍȚȧȚ ȕȈȌ ȊȣșȖȚȈȔȐ ȌȕȐ
ǪȖșȒțȘȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȖȉȓȈȒȈȔȐ —
ǪȖșȒțȘȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȐșȒȖȕȐ
ǮȐȏȕȤ — ȉȐȘȦȏȖȊȖȦ ȊȖȓȕȖȦ
ǸȈȏȉȘȣȏȋȈȕȕȈȧ ȋȓțȉȐȕȈ
ǹȊȖȍȦ ȗȍȕȖȦ ȌȕȍȊȕȖȦ
ǵȈȔ ȖȟȐ ȏȈȌȣȔȐȚ ȖȕȈ
ǰ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ Ȋ șțȍȚȕȖșȚȐ ȉȘȍȕȕȖȑ
ǵȈș ȊȍȡȐȍ șȔțȡȈȦȚ șȕȣ
DzȖȋȌȈ șȚȖȐȔ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊșȍȓȍȕȕȖȑ
ǻȋȓțȉȓȍȕȣ ȗȖȚȘȧșȍȕȣ —
ǰ ȖȚȊȍȘȏȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈȌ ȕȈȔȐ
ǵȍȌȖșȚȐȎȐȔȣȑ ȒȘȈȑ ȘȖȌȕȖȑ
ǶȚȒȘȣȚȖȦ ȕȈȌ ȖȉȓȈȒȈȔȐ
dzȈȏțȘȍȊȖȦ ȋȓțȉȐȕȖȑ
ǰȦȓȤ
ǬȍȌȖȊȖ
102
ǿ ǿȜșȜȐȪȓȐ
ǽǮǺȍȀǶ ȌǾǶȍ ǿǶDzǼǾǼǰǮ
ȇ ȊȐȎț ȋȖȘ ȀȖȚȓȈȕȌșȒȐȝ ȊȓȈșȚȍȓȐȕȈ
ȇ șȓȣȠț ȓȈȑ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȝ ȗȍșȤȐȝ șȊȖȘ
ǷȖȌ ȔȍșȧȞȍȔ Țȍȕȍȑ ȗȖȓȕȈ ȌȖȓȐȕȈ
dzȍȚȐȚ ǹȚȦȈȘȚ Ȑ ȋȘȖȏȕȣȑ ǴȈȒ-ǨȑȊȖȘ
Ǫ ȚțȔȈȕȍ ȊȍȘȍșȒ ǴȘȈȟȍȕ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ
ǹȚȖȓȍȚȕȐȝ ȍȓȍȑ ǷȓȈȟȍȚ ȔȈȕȌȖȓȐȕȈ
ǰ ȠȍȗȟȍȚ ȊȍȚȘ ȕȈȌ țȘȕȖȦ ǨȓȐȕȈ
Ƕ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȗȈȘȒ ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȑ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘ
ǵȖ șȍ ȈȓȚȈȘȤ DzȓțȉȐȚșȧ ȓȈȌȈȕ ȋțșȚȖ
DzȈȒȈȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ Ȋ șȓȖȊȍ ǯȓȈȚȖțșȚȈ
ǪȣȝȖȌȐȚ ȐȍȘȍȑ Ȑȏ ȞȈȘșȒȐȝ ȊȘȈȚ
ǰ ȘȖȏȈȔȐ țȊȐȚ ȍȋȖ ȚȘȐȒȐȘȐȑ
ȇ țȏȕȈȦ Țȍȉȧ ȔȖȑ ȉȘȈȚ ȗȖ ȓȐȘȍ
ǽȘȐșȚȖș ȊȖșȒȘȍș Ǵȣ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȓȐ ȉȘȈȚ.
103
ǯ ǿȎȒȜȐȟȘȜȗ
ǽǮǺȍȀǶ ȌǾǶȍ
Ǵȕȍ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜ ȗȘȐȕȍș ȓȐșȚȖȒ șȊȖȑ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȣȑ
ǿȐȚȈȦ țȔȍȘ Țȣ Ȑ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȍȕ ȗȖȥȚ
Ǻȣ ȖȚȓȍȚȍȓ ȖȚ ȕȈș ȚțȌȈ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȔȐȘ ȉȍȏȉȘȍȎȕȣȑ
ǫȌȍ ȕȐ ȏȍȔȕȖȑ ȚȖșȒȐ ȕȐ ȊȖȏȌȣȝȈȕȐȑ ȕȍȚ
Ǻȣ ȖȚȓȍȚȍȓ Ȓ ȚȍȕȧȔ ȚȖȉȖȑ ȉȖȋȖȚȊȖȘȐȔȣȔ
Dz țȟȐȚȍȓȤșȒȐȔ șȚȖȗȈȔ ȉȓȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ țȟȍȕȐȒ
ǷȘȐȗȈȊ ȉȍșȍȌțȍȠȤ ș ȕȈșȚȈȊȕȐȒȖȔ ȓȦȉȐȔȣȔ
ǹȒȓȖȕȧȍȠȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȉȓȈȋȖȋȖȊȍȑȕȣȑ ȓȐȒ
ǵȍȉȍșȕȣȔ ȐȕȖȒȖȔ ȗȖȌ ȘȐȏȖȦ ȓȈȏțȘȕȖȑ
DzȈȌȐȠȤ ȕȈȔ ȌȣȔȒȖȦ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȐȝ ȖȉȓȈȒȖȊ
Dz ȌȘțȏȤȧȔ șȒȓȖȕȐȊȠȐȔșȧ ȕȈȌ ȌȘțȎȍșȒȖȦ țȘȕȖȑ
ǬȖȕȖșȐȚ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȚȊȖȑ ȘȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑ ȚȐȝȐȑ ȏȖȊ
ȧȕȊȈȘȧ ȋ
104
ǹ ǹȖȓȖȊȤȍȊ
ǽǮǺȍȀǶ Ȍ Ǯ ǿǶDzǼǾǼǰǮ
ǻȔ ȧȕȊȈȘȧ ȋȖȌȈ
ȧȕȊȈȘȧ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȍȚșȧ ȗȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ șȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȆȘȐȧ ǨȕȈ-
ȕȐȍȊȐȟȈ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ ȦȕȖȠȐ-ȗȖȥȚȈ țȔȍȘȠȍȋȖ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȖȌȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȋȖȌȈ ȖȚ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȍȋȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȊȣȠȓȈ ȒȕȐȋȈ
ȍȋȖ șȚȐȝȖȊ ȒȕȐȋȖȐȏȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ «ǨȓȤȞȐȖȕȈ»
ǵȖ ȥȚȈ ȒȕȐȋȈ
ȌȈȍȚ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȓȈȉȖȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȔ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȍ Ȗ
ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȕȖȋȖ Ȗ ȍȋȖ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȖȏ-
ȕȖȑ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐ
ȇ ȗȘȖșȚȐȓșȧ ș Ȇ Ǩ ȏȈ ȔȍșȧȞ ȌȖ ȍȋȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ƕȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ șȊȧȡȍȕșȚȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȐȕȈȟȍ Ȗȕ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȍ
ȊȣȌȍȘȎȐȚ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ƕȕ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȖȌ-
ȘȣȔ Ȑ ȗȖȓȕȣȔ ȕȈȌȍȎȌ ǺȖȋȌȈ șȓȖȎȐȓȖșȤ țȎȍ ȍȋȖ ȔȐȘȖșȖȏȍȘ-
ȞȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȖȍ ȌțȝȖȔ ȊȐȏȈȕȚȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȈșȒȍȚȐȏȔȈ ǸȈȕȤ-
Ƞȍ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ țȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȧ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ
ȗȖȒȓȖȕȕȐȒȖȔ ǩȖȌȓȍȘȈ ȍȋȖ ȊȓȍȒȓȖ Ȓ șȍȉȍ țȟȍȕȐȍ ȍȋȐȗȍȚșȒȐȝ
ȖȜȐȚȖȊ ǰȏ ȥȚȖȑ ȠȒȖȓȣ Ȗȕ Ȋȣȕȍș ȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȋȘȍȝȈ
ȍȊȈȕȋȍȓȤșȒȖȍ ȖȚȘȐȞȈȕȐȍ ȔȐȘȈ dzȦȉȐȔȣȔȐ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȍȋȖ
ȉȣȓȐ ǫȖȋȖȓȤ Ȑ DzȖȕșȚȈȕȚȐȕ dzȍȖȕȚȤȍȊ
ǽȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȕȖ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȘȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ǬȖșȚȖȍȊșȒȖ-
Ȕț Ƕȕ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȚȤ șȓȖȊȈ Dz dzȍȖȕȚȤȍȊȈ ȟȚȖ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕ-
șȚȊȖ ǬȖșȚȖȍȊșȒȖȋȖ ©ȘȖȏȖȊȖȍ șȍȕȚȐȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖȍª ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕ-
șȚȊȖ ǪȖ ȐȔȧ ȊȐȏȈȕȚȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȈșȒȍȚȐȏȔȈ Ȗȕ ȊșȚțȗȐȓ Ȋ șȗȖȘ ș
Ǫ Ǽ ȅȘȕȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ ȖșȕȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ©ǷȈ-
șȚȣȘȍª ǫȍȘȔȈ ȖȌȕȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȍ-ȖȗȚȐȔȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ
ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕșȚȊȈ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȧ ȐșȝȖȌȧ Ȑȏ ȜȈȓȤȠȐȊȖȑ ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ ǼȘȈȕ-
ȞȐșȒȈ ǨșșȐȏșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȧȒȖȉȣ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȕȖȍ
ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕșȚȊȖ ȊȐȏȈȕȚȐȑșȒȖȔț ȈșȒȍȚȐȏȔț ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȒȐȌȈȧ ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȜȈȓȤȠȐȊȖȑ ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ ǼȘȈȕȞȐșȒȈ ȖȎȐȊ-
ȓȍȕȕȖ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ «ǿȚȖ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ǼȘȈȕȞȐșȒ" ǫȐȔȕ șȖȓȕȞț
$ ǯȓȈȚȖțșȚ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ȓȐȚțȘȋȐȦ»
105
ȇ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȗȖȉȍȎȌȍȕȕȣȔ
ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȗȘȈȊ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȧ ǼȘȈȕȞȐșȒȈ Ȋ
ȚȖȔ ȊȐȌȍ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ ȓȦȉȧȚ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȌȍȘȕȐșȚȣ ǵȖ
ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐ ǼȘȈȕȞȐșȒ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȓ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȕȖȑ ȗȖȟȊȣ Ȗȕ
ȉȣȓ ȗȖșȚȕȐȒȖȔ Ȑ ȈșȒȍȚȖȔ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ șȚȘȖȋȖȔ șȔȣșȓȍ șȓȖȊȈ
ǿȚȖȉȣ ȌȈȚȤ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȟȚȖ țȠȓȖ Ȋ ȔȖȋȐȓț șȖ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ Ȇ
ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ ȧ ȗȘȐȊȍȌț ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȚȘȣȊȒȖȊ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍ-
ȋȖ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȑȏ DzȈȓțȋȐ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȏȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ-
ȌȍȓȤ ȌȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ
«ǷȖȓțȟȐȓ ǪȈȠȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ Ȋ șȈȔȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ǷȘȈȏȌȕȐȒȈ ǰ ȝȖ-
ȟȍȚșȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ ǪȈȔ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȒȖȐ ȚȖ-
ȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȍȓȐșȤ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤȦ ǬȍȘȎȈȊȕȣȍ ȊȓȈșȚȕȣȍ
șȓȖȊȈ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȏȈȔȣȒȈȦȚ ȖȕȐ șȊȧȚȣȕȐ ȌțȠȍȊȕȣȍ Ȑ ȝȘȈȕȧȚ Ȑȝ
ȖȚ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈȔ ȈȕȚȐȝȘȐșȚȖȊȣȝ șȓțȋ “ǶȋȕȤ ǩȖȎȍșȚȊȈ
ȊȕȐȌȍ Ȋ țȚȘȖȉț ǴȈȘȐȐ”; “ȕȍȏȈȝȖȌȐȔȖȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȋȘȧȌȍȚ ȊȖc-
șȐȧȚȤ Ȑȏ ȌȍȊșȚȊȍȕȕoȋȖ ȖȉȓȈȒȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȊȍȚȐȚȤ ȊșȦ ȗȖȌșȖȓȕȍȟ-
ȕțȦ” Ȑ — “ǴȓȈȌȍȕȍȞ ȔȐȘȖȌȍȘȎȈȊȕȣȑ ȘȖȌȐȓșȧ ȕȍȉȖ – ȊȍȘ-
Țȍȗ ȗȘȍșȚȖȓ ȝȍȘțȊȐȔșȒȐȑ — ǬȍȊȈ” ȕȖ Ȑ “ȧșȓȐ — ȗȘȍșȚȖȓ Ȗȋ-
ȕȍȏȘȈȟȕȣȑ” Ȑ FH “ȝȍȘțȊȐȔ ȖȚșȚțȗȈȍȚ ȖȚ ȌȘȍȊȈ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ Ȕȣ
ȗȘȐȖȉȡȈȍȔșȧ ȘȈȑșȒȖȑ ȗȐȡȐ ȅȌȍȔȈ”.
ǹ ǷȘȈȏȌȕȐȒȖȔ ȔȐȓȣȑ Ȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȔȖȑ ș ǷȘȈȏȌȕȐȒȖȔ
Ǫȣ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȌȘțȋ ȔȖȑ ȗȐșȈȚȤ “ǶȗȘȖȊȍȘȎȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȧȏȣȟȍșȚȊȈ” ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȔȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȒȐ
ȇ ȖȉțȘȍȊȈȍȔ ȖȉȓȐȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȦ ȧȘȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ș ȕȍșȒȘȣȊȈȍȔȣȔ țȌȖ-
ȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ ȗȘȐȗȖȔȐȕȈȦ șȚȐȝȐ Ǫ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȈ
Ǭțȓ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȖșȣȗȈȓȐșȤ ȘȖȏȣ
ǹȒȓȖȕȧȓșȧ șȒȖȘȉȕȣȑ ȒȐȗȈȘȐș
ǶȉȕȈȎȍȕȣ ȘȖȗȚȈȓȐ ȓȖȏȣ
«ǷȖȟȐȓ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ǬȐȖȕȐș».
ǰ ș ȚȘȐȏȕȣ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȕȕȖ-ȊȈȒȝȈȓȤȕȖȑ
Ǵȣ ȠȓȐ ȚțȔȈȕȕȣ Ȑ ȋȘțșȚȕȣ
ǰ ȉȣȓ ȌȈȓȍȒ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȑ
ǪȖȏȊȘȈȚ ȧȏȣȟȍșȒȖȑ Ȋȍșȕȣ
ǵȍ “ȗȖȟȐȓ”, a ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȐșȚțȒȈȕ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșȒȖȓȖȚȐȓȐ Ȑ ȖȚȚțȌȈ
ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȋȕȍȏȌȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȚȈȔ ȔȣȠȐ Ȑ ȚȈȘȈȒȈȕȣ ǬȈ ȉțȌȍȚ
ȊȖȓȧ ǩȖȎȐȧ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȍ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȈ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȑ Ȑ ȘȖȌȕȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ,
ȕȖ “ȧȏȣȟȍșȒȖȑ Ȋȍșȕȣ” ȍȑ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ
.ǶȚ ȧȏȣȟȍșȚȊȈ ȗȘȈȏȌȕțȍȚșȧ ǵȖȊȣȑ ǫȖȌ ȕȖ -ȋȖ ȧȕȊȈȘȧ
ȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȕȖ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤȦ ǪȈșȐȓȐȑ ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ
ȥȚȈ “ȔȖȓȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȗȖȊȍȌȈȕȐȑ”, “ȚȘțȉȈ ǩȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȋȘȖȔȈ”,
“șȊȍȚȖȕȖșȕȣȑ ȚȈȐȕȕȐȒ ǽȘȐșȚȖȊ ǪȈșȐȓȐȑ”».
ȆȘȐȑ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ șȣȕȖȔ ȗȘȍșȚȈȘȍȓȣȝ
ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȍȑ ǴȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȕȍșȓȈ ȍȋȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȑ țȋȈșȓȈ Ȋ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ
ȋȖȌȇ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ Ȋ DzȈȓțȋț ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȚȤșȧ ȔȖȋȐȓȍ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȌȘțȋȈ
ǷȖȔȕȦ ȗțșȚȖȍ ȏȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȖȍ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȍ ȉȍȠȍȕțȦ ȜȍȊȘȈȓȤ-
șȒțȦ ȊȤȦȋț ȏȊȍȕȧȡțȦ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȊȍȕȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȈȌ ȔȖ-
ȋȐȓȖȑ — ȔȖȋțȟȍȋȖ ȉȍȏȔȖȓȊȕȖȋȖ ȖȚ ȋȖȘȧ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ-ȖȚȞȈ ȏȈȒț-
ȚȈȕȕȈȋȖ ȗȓȍȌȖȔ
ȅȚȈ ȉȍȏȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȦȕȖȠȐ ȕȈȒȈȕțȕȍ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȐȧ
Ȋ ȌțȝȖȊȕȣȑ șȈȕ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓȈ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȘȖȒȖȊȖȋȖ țȌȈȘȈ Ȑ
ȋȘȖȏȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȍȘȍȎȍȕȐȧ ǰ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȘțȏȤȧ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȦȚ
șȖȉȐȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȕȟȐȕȣ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȝȘȈȔȍ ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ
ȓȦȉȐȓ ȉȣȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȝȘȈȔȍ ǽȘȐșȚȈ ǹȗȈșȐȚȍȓȧ Ȍȓȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȐȧ
ȗȈȕȐȝȐȌȣ ǰ ȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȦȕȖȠȈ ȊȣȘȊȈȕȕȣȑ Ȑȏ
ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȈȒȈȕțȕȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ țȎȍ ȖȉȘȍȒȠȐȑ șȍȉȧ
ȕȈ șȓțȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȍȌ ȗȘȍșȚȖȓȖȔ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȗȘȐșțȚ-
șȚȊțȍȚ Ȋ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ ȔȖȓȐȚșȧ ș ȕȈȔȐ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȍȚ ȕȈȔ" ǯȌȍșȤ ȕȍ ȖȌ-
ȕȖ șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȍȟȈȓȤ ȏȌȍșȤ ȚȊȍȘȌȈȧ ȊȍȘȈ Ȑ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈ
107
ǸǾǶȀǶȅdzǿǸǶdz ǼȀǵȉǰȉ
Ǽ ǿǯǼǾǻǶǸdz ©ǿȀǶȃǼȀǰǼǾdzǻǶȍª
ǰ ǯȞȬȟȜȐ
«! Ǫ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȗȘȍȌȐșȓȖȊȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ǨȕȌȘȍȑ
ǩȍȓȣȑ ȗȘȍȌȗȖșȓȈȓ șȚȐȝȈȔ Ȇ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚșȧ
ȒȈȒ Ȗȉ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȓțȟȠȐȝ ȕȈȌȍȎȌ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ ©DzȚȖ ȗȖȔ-
ȕȐȚ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ — ȗȐȠȍȚ Ǩ ǩȍȓȣȑ — ȏȕȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ țȕȍș ș
șȖȉȖȑ ȘȍȌȟȈȑȠȐȑ ȌȈȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȖș-
ȞȍȔ ȞȍȓȖȋȖ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȧ« ǹ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋȖȔ
ȒȘțȎȒȍ Ȗȕ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȌȍȓȈȓșȧ ȞȍȕȚȘȖȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȊȠȐȍ ș ǹȐȌȖ-
ȘȖȊȣȔ ȝȖȚȤ ȘȈȏ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ — țȎȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȉȣȚȤ ȕȐȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ǹ ȕȐȔ țȠȓȖ Ȋ ȔȖȋȐȓț ȞȍȓȖȍ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȒ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȉȣȚȤ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ Ȍȓȧ ǸȖșșȐȐª …>
ǵȈȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȕȍ ȌȖȊȍȓȖșȤ ȓȐȟȕȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȚȤșȧ ȕȐ ș Ȇ
ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȣȔ ȕȐ ș Ǫ ǷȖȓȧȒȖȊȣȔ* ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ
ȥȚȐ șțȎȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑȝ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ ǷȖȟȚȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȋ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȡȍȔ
ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȍ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ șȐȓ ȗȖȚȍȕȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊțȦȚșȧ ȗȘȐ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ș ȕȐȔ ȖȉȡȍȕȐȐ ȕȍȎȍȓȐ
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȍȑ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȐȚȤ șȊȖȐ ȏȈȔȣșȓȣ ǨȕȌȘȍȑ ǩȍȓȣȑ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗ Ȇ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȍ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȖȓȍȍ ©ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒª ©ȟȍȔ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤª ȕȖ Ȕȣ ȌțȔȈȍȔ
ȟȚȖ ȚȖ Ȏȍ șȈȔȖȍ ȕȍ ȖȉȐȕțȧșȤ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȗ ȓȦȉȖȔ
Ȑȏ ©ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȍȑª Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȐ ǸȈȏȊȍ ȔȖȋ
ȉȣ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ țȋȈȌȈȚȤ ȒȈȒȐȍ șȐȓȣ Ȑ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ șȒȘȣ-
ȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ Dz ǩȈȓȤȔȖȕȚȍ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȏȓȈȧ șțȌȤȉȈ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ
ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȍȋȖ ©ȇȘȖșȓȈȊ-
șȒȖȋȖ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȈª ȋ
Ȋ ȋȖȌȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȘȖȊȍșȕȐȒȖȔ
șȒȖȕȟȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ Ȇ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ Ȑ țȎȍ șȚȈȘȠȍ Ǫ ǷȖȓȧȒȖȊȈ"
ǪȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȌȖȊȍȘȧȚȤ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȕȐȧȔ ȌȘțȏȍȑ ȌȊțȝ
țȔȍȘȠȐȝ ȗȖȥȚȖȊ Ȑ șȚȈȘȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈȑȚȐ Ȋ ȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȐȔȐ ©Ȗȗȣ-
* ȼ Ȼɪɸɫɨɜ ɪɟɰɟɧɡɢɪɨɜɚɥ ɤɧɢɝɭ ɋɢɞɨɪɨɜɚ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɫ ɩɨɫɦɟɪɬ-
ɧɵɦ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɨɦ ȼ ɉɨɥɹɤɨɜɚ ©ɋɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹª ɋɉɛ
ɉɪɢɦ ɪɟɞ).
108
ȚȈȝª ȒȘțȗȐȞȣ Țȍȝ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊ ȒȈȒȐȍ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȐ
ǵȈȔ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋ Ȇ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȍ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȥȚȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ȉȖȓȍȍ ȠȐȘȖȚȣ Ȋ Ǫ ǷȖȓȧȒȖȊȍ — ȉȖȓȍȍ ȖșȚȘȖȚȣ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊ
ȉȣȓ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ ǷȖȓȧȒȖȊ — ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ǫ șȚȐȝȈȝ
ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȘȈȎȈȕȐȑ ȕȖ șȈȔȣȍ ȥȚȐ ȗȖȌȘȈȎȈȕȐȧ șȊȐ-
ȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊțȦȚ Ȗȉ ȐșȒȈȕȐȧȝ Ȗ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȐ țȟȐȚȤșȧ șȊȖȍȔț Ȍȍȓț
ǰ ȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ șȘȍȌȐ șȚȘȖȜ Ȑ șȚȐȝȖȊ șȌȍȓȈȕȕȣȝ ȗȖ ȟț-
ȎȖȔț ȖȉȘȈȏȞț ȔȍȓȤȒȈȦȚ ȗȘȐȍȔȣ șȈȔȖșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȊȐȌȕȣ
ȗȖȗȣȚȒȐ șȖȏȌȈȚȤ șȊȖȑ ȧȏȣȒ ǶȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ șȚȐȝȐ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȝȖȘȖȠȐ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ȊȍȚȘȍȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȒȈȚȈ
ǪȐȌȐȠȤ ȟȚȖ ȊȍȚȘȣ ȏȈȚȍȧȓȐ"
ǹȓȣȠȐȠȤ Ȑȝ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȑ ȠȖȘȖȝ"
Dz ȉȓȍȌȕȖȔț ȏȈȗȈȌț șȊȍȧȓȐ
ǸȖȏ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȍȦȡȐȝ ȊȖȘȖȝ
<…>
Ǫ ȊȣȘȈȉȖȚȒȍ ȔȐȘȖșȖȏȍȘȞȈȕȐȧ Ȇ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ țȟȈșȚȊȖȊȈ-
ȓȐ șȈȔȣȍ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȍ șȐȓȣ ȐȌȍȐ Ǫȓ ǹȖȓȖȊȤȍȊȈ Ȑ Ǭ Ǵȍ-
ȘȍȎȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȖ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚȈȓȐșȤ ȏȌȍșȤ ș șȚȘȈșȚȕȣȔ
ȐȏțȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȋȖ ;9,,, ȊȍȒȈ ǪȈȓȤȚȍȘ-ǹȒȖȚȚȈ ǫȍȕș-
ȉȖȘȖ Ȗȕ ȓȦȉȐȓ ǪȐȏȈȕȚȐȦ ȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ ȖȚȞȖȊ ǪȖșȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȞȍȘȒ-
ȊȐ Ȑ țȊȓȍȒȈȓșȧ ǩȍȘȌșȓȐ Ȑ ǹȖȔȖȊȣȔ șȓȖȊȈ ǹ Ǵ ǹȖȓȖȊȤȍȊȈ Ȋ
ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȐșȚȐȒȍ Ȇ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ
Ȑ șȈȔ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ
ȓȦȉȐȓ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ
ȉȓȐȏȒȐ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȖȓȍ
ǷȈȗȐȘțșȖȊ ȗȖȓțȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȍ ȓȐșȚȣ«
<…>
ǵȈȌȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȣȔ ȌȘțȏȤȧȔ Ȇ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ Ȑ Ǫ ǷȖ-
ȓȧȒȖȊȈ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȊȠȐȔ Ȍȓȧ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȣ ȖȉȘȈȏȣ ȌȊțȝ
ȦȕȖȠȍȑ ȚȈȒ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȉȍșȒȖȘȣșȚȕȖ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȊȠȐȝ șȓț-
ȎȍȕȐȍ ȐșȒțșșȚȊț ǬȊȍ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȒȕȐȎȒȐ ©ǹȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȑª
ȗȖȌȗȐșȈȕȕȣȍ ȥȚȐȔȐ ȌȊțȔȧ ȐȔȍȕȈȔȐ — ȕȍ ȓȐȠȕȐȍ Ȋ ȉȐȉ-
ȓȐȖȚȍȒȍ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ ǵȖ Ȕȣ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȍȔșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ
109
ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈȌȖȉȕȖșȚȤ ȐȏȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȓȐȉȖ ȚȖ ©ǷȖȓȕȖȍ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ
șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȑª Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȔȍȟȚȈȦȚ ȐȏȌȈȚȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ șȚȐȝȖȊ Ǫ ǷȖ-
ȓȧȒȖȊȈ ȚȈȒ Ȑ Ȇ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ
ǸțșșȒȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ 10 ȹ 10.
ǵ ǫțȔȐȓȍȊ
ǹȒȖȕȟȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȋȖȌȈ ȗȖȓȚȖȘȈ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȆȘȐȑ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊ
șțȌȧ ȗȖ șȚȈȚȤȧȔ-ȕȍȒȘȖȓȖȋȈȔ ǨȕȌȘȍȧ ǩȍȓȖȋȖ ǹȍȘȋȍȧ ǹȖȓȖ-
ȊȤȍȊȈ Ȑ ǩȖȘȐșȈ ǹȈȌȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȔ Ȓ ȒȕȐȋȍ ȍȋȖ șȚȐȝȖȊ
ȉȣȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȅȚȖȔț ȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȟȐȚȈȧ ȍȋȖ șȚȐȝȐ ȍȡȍ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȕȍȏȘȍȓȣȍ ȚȈȒȐȍ
ȗȖȌȘȈȎȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ǸȍȌȒȖ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȦȚșȧ ț ȕȍȋȖ șȊȖȐ
ȚȍȔȣ ȕȈȗȘ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ «ǶȓȍȖȋȘȈȜȐȧ» țȎȍ ȕȈȔȍȟȈȦȚ-
șȧ ȖșȕȖȊȕȣȍ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ ȏȈȌțȔȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȥȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ
ǨȕȋȓȐȧ ǪȈȓȤȚȍȘ ǹȒȖȚȚȈ ȔȐșȚȐȞȐȏȔ ǭȋȐȗȚȈ Ȑ șȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȋȖȘȍ-
ȕȐȍ ǪȐȏȈȕȚȐȐ ǹȓțȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȍȋȖ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȓ ;9,,,
ȊȍȒț șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȕȈȊȍȧȕȕȈȧ DzțȏȔȐȕȣȔ
ǩȍȏțșȓȖȊȕȖ Ȋ țȗȘȍȒ ȗȖȥȚț șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȘȈ-
ȎȈȕȐȍ ȔȈȕȍȘȍ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȗȖȥȚȖȊ ǷțȠȒȐȕșȒȖȑ ȥȗȖȝȐ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȧ-
ȡȍȍ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ Ȓ ȗȖȌȘȈȎȈȕȐȦ ǩȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȖȊț ȐȓȐ
ȗȖȌȘȈȎȈȕȐȍ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔ «ȔȈȋȈȔ» ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȍȋȖ
ȗȐșȈȚȤ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȚȈȒȐȍ șȚȘȖȟȒȐ
ȇȓȌȈȉȈȖȜȖȊȣ ȟȍȘȚȖȋȐ
ǷȖȔȍȘȒȓȐ ȖȞȚȖȔ ȋȕȍȊȕȣȝ Ȍȕȍȑ —
ǺȖȉȖȑ Ȕȣ șȚȈȓȐ ȏȕȈȕȤȍȔ — ȉȖȋȐ
ǶȉȍȚȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȊȍȡȐȑ ǯȔȍȑ
ǸȈȏȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȕȖ șȒțȟȕȖ ǷȖȘȈ ȉȣ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ
ȇȓȌȈȉȈȖȜ ȗȖȗțȓȧȘȐȏȈȚȖȘȈȔ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȑ
ǨȗȖȓȓȖȕ 910 ȹ 0.
110
dz ȍ-Ȑ dz ȍțȠȎȞȓȐ
<…> Ȇ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊ ȉȣȓ șȈȔȣȔ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȦȕȖȠȍȑ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȈȟȐȚȈȕȕȣȔ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍ ȋȓțȗȣȔ ș ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ
Ȓ ȐșȒțșșȚȊț ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȍ ǺȈȒȐȝ ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȖ ȓȦȉȧȡȐȝ ȓȐȚȍ-
ȘȈȚțȘț ȕȈȟȐȚȈȕȕȣȝ Ȑ ȗȐȠțȡȐȝ șȚȐȝȐ ȦȕȖȠȍȑ ȚȣșȧȟȐ Ȑ
Ȑȏ Ȑȝ ȟȐșȓȈ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊ ȕȐȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȍȓȧȓșȧ ǹȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ-
ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȣȠȓȖ ȉȣ Ȑȏ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ ȊȗȖșȓȍȌșȚ-
ȊȐȐ Ȑ ȚȘțȌȕȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ șțȌȐȚȤ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ șȓȈȉȣȔ ȕȈȐȊ-
ȕȣȔ Ȑ ȕȍșȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȣȔ șȚȐȝȈȔ ! șȚȐȝȐ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ Ȑȏ Țȍȝ
ȒȈȒȐȍ ȗȐȠțȚ Ȋșȍ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȡȐȍ ȗȖȥȚȣ ȍȋȖ ȓȍȚ Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȧ ǭșȚȤ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ țȌȈȟȕȣȝ șȚȘȖȒ ȍșȚȤ ȌȊȈ-ȚȘȐ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȖȉȘȈȏȈ ȕȖ Ȋ
ȖȉȡȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȚțșȒȓȖ ȕȈȐȊȕȖ ȗȖȌȟȈș ȗȖ-ȌȍȚșȒȐ ȕȈȗȣȡȍȕȕȖ
ȗȖȌȟȈș ȗȘȖșȚȖ șȔȍȠȕȖ ǭșȚȤ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋșȍȝ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȗȖȥȚȖȊ ǰ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȓȐȕȕȖȋȖ
ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȊȈȓȖ ȉȣ ȝȖȚȧ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȍ țȚȊȍȘȎ-
ȌȈȚȤ Ȗ ȉțȌțȡȍȔ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȐ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ.
ǻȚȘȖ ǸȖșșȐȐ 910 ȹ șȍȕȚ
ǰ ǰȜșȪȘȓțȦȠȓȗț
<…> ǺȘțȌȕȖ șțȌȐȚȤ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȓȖșȤ
ȉȣ ȌȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȗȖȥȚȈ ǩȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖ șȚȐȝȖȊ ȖșȚȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȐȔ — ȒȘȈșȖȟȕȣȍ ȕȈȉȘȖșȒȐ șȌȍȓȈȕȕȣȍ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȊȖ-
ȉȖȌȕȖ ȕȖ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȘȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈ-
ȚȖȟȕȖ ȐȕȚȐȔȕȣȍ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȑ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ ȔȖȋ
șțȌȐȚȤ Ȗ ȕȍȔ <…> Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȧȘȒȐȍ ȥșȒȐȏȣ ȍȡȍ ȓȐȠȍȕȣ ȚȖȑ șȐ-
ȓȣ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȈ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȖ Ȑ ȏȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȖșȤ
ǹȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȐȘ ȹ
ǮțȜțȖȚ
«! Ǫ ȕȐȝ >cȚȐȝȈȝ Ȇ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ@ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȋȖ ȓȐȚȍ-
ȘȈȚțȘȕȖȋȖ ȊȒțșȈ ȐȏȧȡȍșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȔțȏȣȒȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȞȍȕȕȖ ȖȕȐ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȤȕȣ Ȑ ȕȍ ȠȈȉȓȖȕȕȣ ǵȖ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊțȍȚșȧ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȧȊȕȈȧ ȗȖȌȘȈȎȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȖȥ-
ȚȈȔ-ȔȖȌȍȘȕȐșȚȈȔ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ Ǩ ǩȓȖȒț Ȑ Ǫ ǩȘȦșȖȊț
Ƕȟȍ-
ȊȐȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȓȐȞȍ Ȇ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ ȕȈȠȈ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȈȧ ȓȐȚȍȘȈ-
ȚțȘȈ șȚȖȓȤ ȉȍȌȕȈȧ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȔȐ ȗȖȥȚȈȔȐ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓȈ ȒȘțȗȕȖȍ
Ȑ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖȍ ȌȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ ǨȊȚȖȘ ȓȍȎȈȡȍȑ ȗȘȍȌ ȕȈȔȐ ȒȕȐȎȒȐ
ȌȈȓ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȈȓȖ Ȗȕ ȖȚȞȊȍȓ ȕȍ țșȗȍȊ ȘȈșȞȊȍșȚȐ
ȕȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ țșȗȍȓ ȌȈȚȤ ȗȖȓȕȖ ȧȘȒȖȑ Ȑ șȊȍȎȍȑ ȚȈȓȈȕȚȓȐ-
ȊȖșȚȐ ǭȋȖ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ ȏȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȚșȧ Ȑ ȖȝȖȚȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȟȐ-
ȚȣȊȈȦȚșȧ.
ǵȐȊȈ ǭȎȍȔȍșȧȟȕȣȍ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȣȍ Ȑ
ȗȖȗțȓȧȘȕȖ-ȕȈțȟȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȹ
112
Ǽǯ ǮǰȀǼǾdz
ȆȘȐȑ ǨȕȈȕȤȍȊȐȟ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊ ȘȖȌȐȓșȧ ȧȕȊȈȘȧ ȋ Ȋ șȍȔȤȍ
ȊȣȝȖȌȞȈ Ȑȏ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕ ǨȕȈȕȐȧ ǫȘȐȋȖȘȤȍȊȐȟȈ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ ȊȣȗțșȒȕȐȒȈ
ǷȍȚȘȖȊșȒȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȍȌȍȓȤȟȍșȒȖȑ Ȑ ȓȍșȕȖȑ ȈȒȈȌȍȔȐȐ DzȈșȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȔȍșȚȈ
ȍȋȖ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ țȒȈȏȈȕȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȗȖșȔȍȘȚȕȖȔ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȍ ȒȈȒ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋ șț-
ȡȍșȚȊțȦȚ ȘȈșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȍșȚȤ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȒȘȍȡȍȕ ȕȈ ȚȘȍ-
ȚȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȋ ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȖȑ ǹȍȘȋȐȍȊșȒȖȑ Ȋ ǷțȠȒȈȘȧȝ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ
ǻȟȐȓșȧ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ Ȋ ǹȈȘȈȚȖȊșȒȖȑ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȐ ȗȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ — Ȋ ǩȖȘȐșȖ-
ȋȓȍȉșȒȖȑ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȖȊșȒȖȑ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȐ Ȋ ȊȣȗțșȒȕȖȔ ȊȖșȤȔȖȔ ȒȓȈș-
șȍ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȓșȧ Ȋ DzȈȓțȎșȒțȦ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȍȊșȒțȦ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȦ ǷȖ ȖȒȖȕȟȈ-
ȕȐȐ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȐ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȓ ȖșȍȕȤȦ ȋ ȕȈ ȐșȚȖȘȐȒȖ-ȜȐȓȖȓȖȋȐȟȍ-
șȒȐȑ ȜȈȒțȓȤȚȍȚ ǴȖșȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ
Ǫ ǴȖșȒȊȍ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ ș ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚȖȘȈȔȐ Ȑ șȚțȌȍȕ-
ȚȈȔȐ șȐȔȊȖȓȐșȚșȒȖȋȖ ȒȘțȋȈ ǩ ǹȈȌȖȊșȒȖȑ ǹ ǹȖȓȖȊȤȍȊ Ǩ ǪȐȕȖȋȘȈ-
ȌȖȊ Ǫ ǵȐȓȍȕȌȍȘ
Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ǹ ǹȖȓȖȊȤȍȊȈ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓșȧ ș Ǩ ǩȍȓȣȔ
ǩȣȓ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȍȔ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȐ ȥȜȍȔȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȐȏȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ©Dz ȊȍȘȠȐȕȈȔª
©ǹȈȔȖȞȊȍȚª
ȌȍȉȦȚȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȌȊțȔȧ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȋ ©ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖ-ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖȔ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȐȏȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ©ǽȘȐȏȖȗȘȈșª Ǵ
1906-
ǭȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȣșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍȔ Ȋ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȍȟȈȚȐ
șȚȈȓȈ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȒȘȐȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȘȍȞȍȕȏȐȧ ȕȈ ©ǷȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȖ ǰȏȐȌȣª ǫ ǿțȓ-
ȒȖȊȈǰșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚ Ȋ șȚȐȝȈȝ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ ȧȊȕȖȍ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ ©șȚȈȘ-
ȠȐȝª șȐȔȊȖȓȐșȚȖȊ ȕȈȘȧȌț ș ȌȍȒȈȌȍȕȚșȒȐȔȐ ȔȖȚȐȊȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȕȖ ©ȕȍȖȒȓȈșșȐȟȍșȒțȦª ȖȘȐȍȕȚȈȞȐȦ ȕȈ ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȐ XVIII Ȋ Ȑ ȗțȠ-
ȒȐȕșȒȐȝ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȕȖȚȒȐ ©ȗȘȖȚȖ-ȈȒȔȍȐȏȔȈª
ǩȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ ǩ ǹȈȌȖȊșȒȖȑ
ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȗȖȥȚ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȓ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȗȘȈȊȣȍ ȒȖȕșȍȘȊȈȚȐȊȕȖ-
ȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȍȓȤșȒȐȍ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȣȌȕȍȑȠȐȑ ȈȕȚȐșȍȔȐȚȐȏȔ
Ǫ ȌȍȒȈȉȘȍ ȋ Ȇ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ Ȋ DzȈȓțȋț ȋȌȍ
ȏȈȉȖȓȍȓ ȌȐȜȚȍȘȐȚȖȔ Ȑ ȧȕȊȈȘȧ ȋ șȒȖȘȖȗȖșȚȐȎȕȖ șȒȖȕȟȈȓșȧ
Ǫ ȈȗȘȍȓȤșȒȖȔ ȹ ȎțȘȕȈȓȈ ©Ǫȍșȣª ȏȈ ȋ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖșȔȍȘȚȕȖ Ȗȗț-
ȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȕȣ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ ȊȖȠȍȌȠȐȍ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ Ȋ
ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȒȕȐȋț ȗȖȥȚȈ ©ǹȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧª Ǵ
DzȘȈȚȒȈȧ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȧ
DzȓȍȑȔȍȕȖȊȈ ǹ Ǫ DzȕȐȋȐ Ȑȏ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ ȆȘȐȧ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ Ȋ ȜȖȕȌȍ
ǯǵǩ ǹǫǻ ǩȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȈ ȊțȏȈ ȊȟȍȘȈ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ Ǫȣȗ ǹȈȘȈȚȖȊ
2007.
dzȈȊȘȖȊ Ǩ Ǫ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊ ȆȘȐȑ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȑ
ǨȕȈȕȤȍȊȐȟ ǸțșșȒȐȍ ȗȐ-
șȈȚȍȓȐ - ǩȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐȑ șȓȖȊȈȘȤ Ǻ Ƿ-ǹ Ǵ
dzȈȊȘȖȊ Ǩ Ǫ ȆȘȐȑ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊ ǵȈ ȗȖȌșȚțȗȈȝ Ȓ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖȑ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ dzȈȊȘȖȊ Ǩ Ǫ ǹȐȔȊȖȓȐșȚȣ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ǹȚȈȚȤȐ ȘȈȏȣșȒȈȕȐȧ ȗțȉ-
ȓȐȒȈȞȐȐ Ǵ 2015.
ǷȍȘȞȖȊȈ ǵ ǵ ȆȘȐȑ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊ ǷȖȥȏȐȧ ǴȖșȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐ-
ȚȍȚȈ ǶȚ dzȖȔȖȕȖșȖȊȈ Ȑ ȌȖ Dzȕ Ǵ
ǹȈȊȍȓȖȊ Ǫ Ǫ Ȇ Ǩ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊ Ȑ ǨȕȌȘȍȑ ǩȍȓȣȑ ǵȖȊȣȑ ȜȐȓȖ-
ȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȊȍșȚȕȐȒ 6 ȹ 3.
ǹȈȊȍȓȖȊ Ǫ Ǫ Ȇ Ǩ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊ Ȑ Ǫ ȇ ǩȘȦșȖȊ ǵȖȊȣȑ ȜȐȓȖȓȖ-
ȕȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȊȍșȚȕȐȒ ȹ
114
ǷǸǰǴǭǿǨǵǰȇ
Ǫșȍ ȚȍȒșȚȣ ȏȈ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȗțȉȓȐȒțȦȚșȧ
ȗȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȐȏȌȈȕȐȧȔ ș șȖȝȘȈȕȍȕȐȍȔ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȍȑ ȈȊȚȖȘșȒȖȑ ȗțȕȒȚțȈ-
ȞȐȐ ǰȏȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ Salamandra P.V.V ȊȣȘȈȎȈȍȚ ȋȓțȉȖȒțȦ ȉȓȈȋȖ-
ȌȈȘȕȖșȚȤ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȦ ǶșȚȈȕȐȕț ȏȈ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ Ȍȓȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ șȒȈ-
ȕȣ ȒȕȐȋ Ȇ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ Ȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȖȊ ǩ ǹȈȌȖȊșȒȖȋȖ
ǹȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊ Ȇ ǹȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ Ǵ ©ǨȓȤȞȐȖȕȈª
[ȚȐȗ ǸțșșȒȖȋȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍșȚȊȈ] ǰȓȓ ȊȏȧȚȣ Ȑȏ ȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧ
ǵȖȊȣȍ ȊȈȘȊȈȘȣ
ǽȘȐȏȖȗȘȈș ǽțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ-ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȣȑ șȉȖȘȕȐȒ ȐȏȌ ©ǹȈ-
ȔȖȞȊȍȚª Ǵ -1907.
DzȈȐȕȐȚ
DzȈȒ Ȑ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȍ ȕȐȎȍ șȚȐȝ ©ǩȘȖȌȧȋȈª Ȑ ©ǫȖȘȖȌȖȊȖȑª Ȗȗțȉ-
ȓȐȒȖȊȈȕȖ Ȑ ȌȈȚȐȘȖȊȈȕȖ ǩ ǹȈȌȖȊșȒȐȔ Ȋ Ȓȕ ǹȈȌȖȊșȒȖȑ ǩ dzȍȌȖȝȖȌ
ǹȚȈȚȤȐ Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȚȒȐ Ƿȋ ǰȏȌ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ ǰȔȧ ǽȘȐșȚȈ Ȋ șȚȐȝ ©DzȈȐ-
ȕȐȚª ǹȈȌȖȊșȒȖȑ ȏȈȔȍȕȐȓ ȖȚȚȖȟȐȍȔ Ǫ ȗȘȐȔȍȟȈȕȐȐ Ȓ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȐ
ǹȈȌȖȊșȒȖȑ ȗȐșȈȓ ©ǷȖșȔȍȘȚȕȖȍ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȑ ȆȘȐȧ ǹȐ-
ȌȖȘȖȊȈ șȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȐȔ ȐȏȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ ³ǨȓȤȞȐȖȕȈ´ ȉȍș-
ȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ ș ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȖȗțșȒȈȔȐ Ȑȕȣȝ ȔȍșȚ
ǷȘȐȊȖȌȐȔ ȚȘȐ ȕȍȐȏȌȈȕȕȣȝ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȥȚȈ șȖȝȘȈ-
ȕȐȊȠȐȍșȧ Ȋ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȐ ț ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȌȘțȏȍȑ ȍȋȖ ǷȍȘȊȖȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȒȈȒ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȧ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȐȔȍȓȖ ȕȈ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕșȒȖȍ Ȋȍ-
ȘȖțȟȍȕȐȍ Ǭ ǹ ǴȍȘȍȎȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȌȊȈ ȖȉȓȐȟȈȦȚ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȈȊȚȖ-
Șȍ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ Ȓ ȊȍșȍȓȣȔ Ȑ ȔȍȚȒȐȔ ȠțȚȒȈȔª ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȚȘțȌȕȖ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ǹȈȌȖȊșȒȖȑ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ Ȓ șȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ Ȑ Ȑȏ-
ȌȈȕȐȦ ©ǹȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȑª Ȇ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ ȗȖșȒȖȓȤȒț ȐȏȌ ©ǨȓȤȞȐȖȕȈª
115
ȊȓȈȌȍȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȍȔȓȧȒ ȉȣȊȠȐȑ șȖțȟȍȕȐȒ Ȑ ȌȖȉȘȣȑ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ Ǩ Ǵ DzȖ-
ȎȍȉȈȚȒȐȕ
ǷȖșȍȡȍȕȐȍ
Ƿțȉȓ ȗȖ ȊȊȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȈȚȤȍ ǹ ǹȖȓȖȊȤȍȊȈ Ȓ șȉ ©ǹȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧª
ǷȖșȓȈȕȐȍ ǩȖȘȐșț ǹȈȌȖȊșȒȖȔț
ǸǫǨdzǰ Ǽ Ƕȗ ǭȌ ȝȘ dz Ƿțȉȓ ȗȖ dzȈȊȘȖȊ Ǩ Ǫ ȆȘȐȑ
ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊ ǵȈ ȗȖȌșȚțȗȈȝ Ȓ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ dzȈȊȘȖȊ Ǩ Ǫ ǹȐȔ-
ȊȖȓȐșȚȣ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ǹȚȈȚȤȐ ȘȈȏȣșȒȈȕȐȧ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȐ Ǵ
ǹȚȘ ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȈ ș ©ǭȋȐȗȚȈ Ȑ șȈȔ ǶȏȐȘȐșª
ǩ ǹȈȌȖȊșȒȖȑ ǷȖșȊȧȡȍȕȐȍ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ Ȋ șȉ ǹȈȌȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ©ǷȖȏȌȕȍȍ țȚȘȖ ǹȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ -
ª Ǵ
ǨȊȚȖȋȘȈȜ Ȋ ȈȘȝȐȊȍ Ƕ ǫ. ȀȍȘȍȔȍȚȍȊȖȑ ȗȖȌ ȏȈȋȓ
©ȆȘȐȦ ǹª Ȑ ș ȌȖȗȖȓȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ -ȑ șȚȘȖȜȖȑ
dzȦȉȓȦ Țȍȉȧ ȏȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȔ
ǴȍȟȚȖȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȑ Țȣ ȎȐȊȍȠȤ
ǯȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȘȐȒȍ ȟȍȘȕȐ ȗȖȠȓȖȔ
dzȐȟȐȕț ǽȈȔȈ țȏȕȈȍȠȤ.
Ǩ ǩȍȓȣȑ ǮȐȏȕȤ
ǹȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȖȍ ȘȈȕȍȍ Ȑ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȍ Ȇ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊț
ȗȖșȓȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȊȖȠȓȖ Ȋ șȉ Ǩ ǩȍȓȖȋȖ ©ǻȘȕȈ ǹȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍ-
ȕȐȧª Ǵ ǫȘȐȜ
ǹ ǹȖȓȖȊȤȍȊ ǷȈȔȧȚȐ ȆȘȐȧ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ
ǹȖȓȖȊȤȍȊ ǹ ǨȗȘȍȓȤ ǪȚȖȘȈȧ ȒȕȐȋȈ șȚȐȝȖȊ -1 Ǵ ǴțșȈ-
ȋȍȚ
ǩ ǹȈȌȖȊșȒȖȑ ǷȈȔȧȚȐ ȆȘȐȧ
ǸǫǨdzǰ Ǽ 1303 Ƕȗ 1 ǭȌ ȝȘ 380. dz Ƿțȉȓ ȗȖ dzȈȊȘȖȊ Ǩ Ǫ., op.
cit.
C ǹȖȓȖȊȤȍȊ ǷȈȔȧȚȐ Ȇ Ǩ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǩȖȋȖșȓȖȊșȒȐȑ ȊȍșȚȕȐȒ Ǻ 1R
ǼȑșȎȐșȓțȖȓ
ǹȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ
5
ǰȏ ȕȍșȖȉȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ
84
ǷȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ
Ȇ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊ [ǸȍȞȍȕȏȐȧ ȕȈ Ȓȕ ǫ ǿțȓȒȖȊȈ]
93
CȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȍ Ȇ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊț
98
ǹ ǹȖȓȖȊȤȍȊ ǷȈȔȧȚȐ Ȇ Ǩ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊȈ
104
DzȘȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȖȚȏȣȊȣ Ȗ șȉ ©ǹȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧª
107
Ƕȉ ȈȊȚȖȘȍ
112
ǷȘȐȔȍȟȈȕȐȧ
114
ǵȈșȚȖȧȡȈȧ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȧ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌțȍȚ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȖ-ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȞȍȓȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈ-
ȟȍȕȈ Ȍȓȧ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȓȐȉȖ ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȊȖșȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍ-
ȕȐȧ Ȑ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕȐȧ ȐȏȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȉȣȓȐ Ȑ Țȗ