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12
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13
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(nOJ1HOCTblO HnJ.t QaCTJ.t4HO), T.e. !lOJJ>KHa npoBon.HTbCH pa60Ta, H3npaB-
J1eHHWI Ha npe.uynpe)l(JleHHe HapyweHJ.tSl 3aKOHHOCTH. AnSI 3Toro IOpl1.LtJ.t-
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n03BOnl1T YIJHTblBaTb Bee 113.LlaHHble HopMaTHBHble llOK}'MeHTbl npaBOBoro
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a TaJOKe n.aCT B03MO}f(HOCTb on.HoBpeMeHHo C npHHSlTHeM HOBOro nOKaJlb-
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COOTBeTCTBJ.te C HOBbIMJ.t 3aKOHOD.areJ1bHbIMI1 aKTaMH, nOCTaHOBJ1eHJ.tHMH
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I KOHcmumYt4 UJl PctJ. CT. 4.
21
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....
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HHH B03J1araeTCSI perYJ1HpHOe HHQ>OPMHpoBaHHe PYKOBo.nCTBa H pa60T-
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.neHcTBYIOWHM Ha npe.nnpHSlTHHX, B opraHH3aUHHx H Yl.Jpe)l(J].eHH$lX
npo$colO3HbiM H HHblM 06wecTBeHHbiM opraHH3auHHM.
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Y"Ipe)K,UeHHSI OlJeHb l.JaCTO 06palllalOTcSI COTPy.nHHKH C npocb60i1 npoKoH-
CYJ1bTHpoBaTb HX no npaBoBblM BOnpocaM t n03ToMY C Y"IeTOM KOHKpeTHblX
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2.3. P060TO no 30Lltf.1Te npOB f.1 30KOHHblX f.1HTepeCOB
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eTCSI C npOBelleHHSI npaBOBOH 3KcnepTH3bl Tex "JIH HHblX B03MO)f(HbIX
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I111H nHCbMeHHO) no BonpocaM npHMeHeHHH 3aKOHo.n3TenbCTBa. 3m
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CTaBHTeJ1bCTBO HHTepeCOB B cYJtax 06111e" IOpHCJtHKUHH, ap6HTpIDKHbiX
cy.nax, rOCYJ.1apCTBeHHbIX H 06weCTBeHHbiX opraHH3aUHSlX npH paCCMOT-
peHI1H npaBOBblX BonpOCOB, Be.neHHH CYJte6HblX .neJ1, paCCMOTpeHHH
npeTeH3H" H cy.ne6HblX cnopOB.
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npe.ncTaBHTeJ1bCTBa no BceM HanpaMeHHSlM, H npe)l(Jle Bcero npellCT3BH-
TeJlbCTBO B ap6HTpa)KHblX cy.nax- PeaJIH3Y$I CPYHKUHJO npeJtCTaBHTeJlbCTBa
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22
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pa. T.e. KaK OHH rpaMOTHO H npo$eCC110H3.JlbHO nOpa60TaJlH no c60py
.aOKa3aTenbCTB a TalOKe $opMHpoBaHI1IO npaBOBOH n0311UHH no .aeJlY.
npl1HUHn COCTH3aTenbHOCTH opHeHTl1pYeT CTOpOHbl Ha BCeCTopoHHee H
HaH60nee nonHoe I1CCJle.aOBaHHe HMelOWI1XCH MaTepH3.JlOB no .aeny
npOBo.a I1 MaSi pa60Ta no 06ecne1.JeHHIO HCnOJ1HeHHH peWeHH" cy-
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Bcer.aa ynaeTcSI .a06HTbC$I HcnonHeHHSI y}Ke npl1HSlTOrO peUJeHI1S1 "
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npe.aCTaBI1TeJ1bCTBe H KOHTpone 3a o6ecne1.JeHHeM I1CnOJ1HeHI1S1 CYD-e6HbIX
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no.arOT08Ke MaTepl1aJ108 0 XHweHl1s:1X, paCTpaTax, Hen.OCTa1.JaX, BblnYCKe
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3Ha1.JHTeJlbHoi1 CTeneHI1 3aBHCI1T OT Y1.JaCT"SI B ee OpraHI13aUI1H H np08e-
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caMOH opraHH3auHeH 11 ee KOHlpareHTaMH;
I KOllcmllmYl{IIR P<1>. CT. 123.
23
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ceKTopbl B03J1araeTCSI KOOpiJUHDI.4UJl .aorOBopHOH pa60Tbl.
. YLJaCTHe B no.arOTOBKe npoeKTa npHKa3a no OpraHI133UHI1 pa60-
Tbl c .aorOBopaMH.
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.aorOBopOB.
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rOTOBJIeHliblX CTpYKTypHblMH n0J1pa3JleJleHHSlMI1 06oe.aHHeHHSI
(npe.anpl1S1THSI) npoeKTOB .aorOBopOB.
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(npe.anpl1S1TH ) J]J1S1 peweHHSI Bonpoca 0 B03BpaTe HeHaD)le}l(a-
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(npen.npHSlTHSI).
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pe.neJleHHI1 $OpMbl .aorOBopHblX OTHOWeHH". Oc}JopMJ1eHWe I1C-
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3H C YKJIOHeHl1eM D.PyroH CTOpOHbl OT 3aKJIlOljeHI1S1 .aorOBopa.
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TOB YKa3aHHbiX .aorOBopOB H KOHTpaKTOB, Y1.JaCTHe B OpraHl13a-
I
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ne1.JI1Tb COOTBeTCTBl1e 3aKJ1lO1.JaeMbIX n.orOBopoB T})e60BaHI1S1M JaKOHo.aa-
TenbCTBa. IOpHD.HLJecKlliI cJ1Y}K6a BCT)'naeT B npouecc JaKJ1IOLJeHI1S1 X03S1ti-
CTBeHHblX .aorOBopOB Ha CTaQl111 pa3pa60TKI1 H yrBep)l(lleHHSI J10KaJlbHb1X
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pa3J1M1.JHbIX nOD.pa3,QeJ1eHH" npe.anpHSlTI1 , Y'"Ipe)l(lleHI1S1, OpraHI13aUHI1 npH
3aKJ1lO1.JeHI1I1 n.orOBopoB. COBMCCTHO C .aPyrHMH CJ1}')K63MH IOpWJ:tH1.JeCKlliI
cnY}I(oo }"-IaCTByeT B non.rOTOBKe npoeKTOB .aorOBopOB (KOHTpaKTOB).
24
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TpaKTa) 33BJ.1C"T MHOrOe.. BH3"pOBaH"eM D.OrOBOpOB He orpaH"tJHBaeTCSI
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B BH.D.Y "CnOJ1b30BaH"e npaBOBblX cpen.CTB DJlSI o6ecnelJeH"SI BblnonHe-
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no npeD.l>SlBJ1eH"1O npeTeH3"" K HapYWHTeJ1S1M D.OrOBOpHbIX 06S13a-
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(pacnOpSl>KeH"SI), KOTOpblH H3.LlaeT PYKOBOD.HTenb npe.anpHHT"SI. opra-
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25
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26
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27
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28
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ATI1 H ..
1.2. npH BbinonHeHHH .aon>KHOCTHbIX 06H33HHocTeH nO.l1lJHHSleTCSI He-
nocpenCfBeHliO IlalfaJIbHI1J<y IOpHJ1"lJeCKOrO OTneJla.
1.3. Ha3HalJeHHe Ha J10 HOCTb III oCBo6o)K)IeHHe OT Hee npoW3BOn"TCSI
npHKa30M reHepaJIbHOrO J1wpeKTopa no npe.nCTaMeH"1O HalJaJlbH"Ka toP"-
J1"lJecKoro OTnena.
1.4. Ha nOJl)l(HOCTb IOpHcKoHcynbTa Ha3Ha4aeTCSI nHUO, HMelOwee BbIC-
wee IOpKllHQeCKOe o6paJOBaHHe. 6e3 npeJ1 BJ1eH"JI TPe60B3HH" K CT3)KY
pa60Tbl.
1.5.. IOpl1cKololcYJ1bT nOn)l(eH 3HaTb:
J .5.1. 3aKoHo.naTenbHble aKTbl, pernaMeHTHpyJOWHe npOH3BOnCTBeHHO-
X03S1"CTBeHHYIO " <I>"HaHcoBYIO neSlTeJ1bHOCTb npen.npWHTWSI.
1.5.2. HopMaTHBHble npaOOBble nOKYMeHTbl, MeTOD.H1JeCKHe W HopMa-
TliBHble MaTepl1aJ1b1 no npaBoBO n.eSlTeJ1bHOCT" npeJ1np"SlTwSI.
1.5..3. fpa>K1{aHcKoe, TPYD.OBOe, <j>HHaHcoBoe, artMHHI1CTJ)aTHBHOe npaBO;
1..5.4.. Ha.noroBoe, 3K0J10rl1t1eCKOe 33KOHo.naTeJlbCTBO.
1..5.5. nOpJlJ10K 3aKJllOtjeHI1H W O<f>opMneHwSI X03S1HCTBeHHbIX n.orOBO-
pOD, KonneKTHBHblX n.orOBopOB, Tapl1<j>HblX cornaweHH .
1.5..6. nOpSillOK CHCTeMaTH3aUH", yqeTa H BeJ1eHIDI npaBoBoH D.OKYMeH-
Tali"H C WCnOnb30BaHWeM COBpeMeHHblX HH<j>opMauHoHHbIX TeXH0J10r"H.
1.5.. 7. npaBltlIa BffyrpeHHero TPynoBoro pacnOpJIllKa.
1.5.8. npaBl1na H HOpMbl oxpaHbl TPyna, TeXHI1KH 6e30nacHocTH, npo-
113BOnCTBeHHb caHWTap"" W npOTHBOnO>KapHOH 3aWHTbl.
1.6.. B CBOeH D.eATeJlbHOCTM IOpHCKOHCYJ1bT PYKOBOJ1CTByeTCH:
1.6..1. YCTaBOM.
1..6.2. nOJlO)l(eH"eM 0 IOpltlll1lJ.eCKOM OT.nene.
1.6.3. HacToHwe J10 HOCTHOH HHcTPYKUHeH.
1.7.. 80 BpeMSI OTCyrCTBHH:
1.7.1. IOPl1CKoHcynbT8 ero 06H3aHHocT" WCnOJ1HHeT COTpynHHK IOpwnH-
4eCKoro OT.nena, Ha3HalfeHHbl reHep3JlbHblM D.WpeKTOpoM.
1.7.2. COTPYD.H"K8 IOpl1D.l1lJeCKOrO OTnena IOPWCKOHCYJ1bT HCnOJ1HHeT
ero 06S13aHHOCTH no Ha3HaIJeHHIO reHep3JlbHOrO nHpeKTOpa.
2. )10J1>KHOCTHble 06J13aHHOCT"
IOp"cKoHcynbT:
2.1. Pa3pa6aTblBaeT "nw npl1HHMaeT yqacTHe B pa3pa6OTKe .nOKYMeHTOB
npaBoBOfo xapaKTepa.
30
2.2. OcyweCTBJ1S1eT MeTon.l1tJeCKoe PYKOBO.llCTBO npaBoBoi1 pa6OToi1 I-Ia
npellnpl1S1TI1I1, OKa3b1BaeT npaBoBylO nOMOWb CTPYKTYPI-lbIM no.npa31leneHI1-
SlM B no.arOTOBKe 11 oQ>opMneHI1I1 pa3J1M4HOrO po.na npaBoBblx n.OKYMel-ITOB.
2.3.. Y\jacTByeT B nO.llfOTOBKe 060CI-IOB3HHbiX OTBeTOB npH OTKJIOl-lellHH
npCTeI-13HH.
2.4.. nOn.rOTaBJII1BaeT COBMeCTltO C llpyrMMI1 no.np3meJ1eIII-lSlMI1 npe.n-
npHJlTHH MaTepl1aJIbl 0 XMweIIHHX, paCTP3Tax, He.llOCTaqaX, BblnycKe l.en.06-
"" LI U
pOKa4ecTBe11HoH, HeCTaHn.aPTHOH H HeKOMnneKTI-fOH npo.nYKll"M Hapywe-
1-111" 3KOnOrl14eCKOro 33KOI-IOJ{aTenbCTBa 1-1 06 I1HblX npaBoHapyweHHSlx lIJ1H
nepe.lla4" I-IX B 3p6I1Tpa>KHbl cyn., c.ne.llCTBeHHble " cyn.e6Hble opraHbl.
2.5. OCYlUeCTBJlJleT YlJeT 1-1 XpaHeHl1e l-faxo.nSlWI1XCH B np0l13BO.llCTBe H
3aKOJ-I1.feHHbIX I1CnOnileHl1eM cyn.e6'-lbIX 11 ap6l1Tpa>Kl-lblX .nen.
2.6. npOBO.llI-IT 113Y1.feHl1e, aHaJlI13 11 0606weill-ie pe3YJ1bTaTOB paCCMOT-
peHHSI npeTeH311i1, cY.lle6HbiX 11 ap6l1Tpa)KJfblX .nen npaKTI-IKI1 33KJ1lOlJeHI1S1 11
I-ICnOJIlieHI1J1 X03S1HCTBeHHbIX .norOBopOB C uenblO pa3pa60TKI1 npeJJJ10>KeIIHH
06 YCTPal-lel-II1H BblSlBJ1elfl.lbIX He.nOCTaTKOB 11 ynY'lwel 1-I11 X03S1HCTBeI-II-I0-
Q>l1llaI-ICOBOW .neSlTenbl-IOCTI1 npe npl1S1TI1S1.
2.7. B COOTBeTCTBl111 C YCTal-fOBJ1eHHbIM nopSWKOM oQ:>opMnSleT M3Tepl1a-
JIbl 0 npHBJ1e1.JCIII-II1 pa60THI1KOB K J!HCUl1nnl1llap.,ow 11 MaTepl13JlbttOH OT-
BeTCTBeIIHOCTH.
2.8. npl1HI1MaeT Y\.JaCTl1e B pa60Te no 33KJ1lOlJeHI1IO X03S1HCTBeIJJfbIX n.o-
rOBopOB, npOBe.nelJI1I1 I1X npaBoBoH 3KCnepTl13bl, pa3pa60TKe ycnoBHM Kon-
J1CKTI-IBHbIX .llOrOBOpOB 11 OTpacneBblX Tapl1Q>I'lblX cornaUJelll1H.
2..9. nOn.roT3BJ1I1BaeT COBMeCTHO C .llpyrHMI1 no.npa3.nenelfI1S1MI1 npeHJ10-
>Kelll1S1 06 113MeHeHI11-1 n.ewCTBYIOWHX I1nl1 OTMefie yrpaTHBllll1X cl1ny npHKa-
30B 11 .npyrMx 1'lop 1aTI1BHbIX aKTOB. 11311aHHbiX Ha np e .nnpMSlTI1H.
2.10. Ben.eT pa60TY no CI1CTeMaTI13HpOBalII-I0 1Y ytJeT)' 11 xpaltellHIO .nei1-
CTBylOWHX JaKOllon.aTenbliblX HOpMaTI1BI-fbIX aKTOB.. np0113Bon.I1T OTMeTKH 06
I1X OTMel-ie t 113Mel-tel-ll1S1X H 1l0n0J1lleHHSlX, no.nrOTaBJ1MB3eT cnpaBO'-lHYIO .llO-
KYMeHTaUl110 fla OCHOBe npI1Mel-iel-fl1S1 cOBpeMeHHblx I1H4>0P Ma UHOIIJlbIX
u
TeXI-f0J10rl1l1 11 BbltJl-ICnl1TenbllblX cpen.CTB.
2.11. npl1lll1MaeT yttaCTl1e B nOllfOTOBKe 3aK1llOlJel," i no npaBOBblM 80-
npOC3M, B031111KalOUll1M B .nCSlTenbI-IOCTI1 npe.anpMSlTI1SL, npoeKTaM HopMa-
TI1BllblX 3KTOB, nOCTynalOllll1X Ha OT3bIB.
2.12. OcyweCTBJ1S1eT 1111Q:>OpMl1pOBaHMe pa60TIII1KOB npen.npMSlTI1SJ 0
n.eHcTBYlOllleM 3aKOHo.naTenbCTBe 11 113MeHeHI1S1X 8 1..eM, 03113KOMneilHe
.non>KI-IOCTHbIX nl1u npen.npMHTI1H C HopMaTI1BI-fbIMI1 npaBOBblMI1 aKTaMH,
OTHOCJlWHMHCSI K I-IX n.eSlTeJ1bHOCTI1.
2.13. KOIICYJ1bTHpyeT pa60TI-IHKOB npe.nnpI1HTI1S1 no opralfHJaUHol.II'IO-
npaBoBblM 1-1 .npyrHM IOpl1n.114eCKI1M BonpocaM, no.nrOTaBJII1B3eT 3aKJ1lOlJe-
1-fI1H, OKa3blBaeT CO.lleHCTBl1e B o4>opMneHI1I1 1l0KYMeilTOB H 3KTOB HMywecT-
Bel-llfO-npaBOBoro xapaKTepa.
3. npaBa
IOpl1CKollcynbT B npaBe:
3.1. Tpe60BaTb OT PYKOBO.llCTBa C0311alll1S1 He06xon.I1Mb1X ycnOB"" llJISI
Bbi n on I-Ie 1-111 SI cJlY>Ke61-1 bl x 06S13aJ II-IOCTe w.
31
3..2. B npeJ1enax cBoei1 KOMneTellUHI-1 co06waTb HenOCpeJ1CTBeHl-iOMY
PYKOBOJ1I1TenlO 0 Bcex BbISlBJ1eIIHbIX B npouecce J1eSlTenbIIOCTI-1 HeJ10CTaTKax
1-1 BHOCJ.1Tb npeD.J10>KellJ.1S1 no I-1X YCT}JaHeHI-1IO, a TaK>Ke BHOCI-1Tb npelJ)10>Ke-
HI-1S1 no cOBeprnel-lcTBOBaHJ.11O pa60Tbi IOpHJ1l-1l.JeCKOrO OTJ1eJla.
3.3. 31i3KOMI1TbCSI C npoeKTaMH peWellH" PYKOBOJ1CTBa OpraHJ.1JaUHI-1,
KaCalOWI-1MI1CSI ero .neHTenbHOCTI-1.
3.4. 3anpaWI-1BaTb nl1l1HO J.1nl-1 no nOPYlIe111-11O IlallanbHI-1Ka IOpl111l1l.JeCKO-
ro OTllena y CneUHaJlHCTOB npeJ1npJ.1S1THSI HI'lcpopMaUI-1IO 11 J10KYMeHTbl, He-
06Xo.nI1Mble J]J1S1 Bblnonl-lel-ll-1S1 J10n>KHOCTllbIX 06S133HI-IOCTeii.
3.5. npOBepHTb C06nlOJ1eHl-1e J1eWcTBYlOwero 3aKOII0J1aTeJlbCTBa 11 no-
KaJlbl-lblX IIOpMaTI-1BI-lbIX aKTOB B CTPYKTYP'lbIX no.np33J1enCHHSlX.
3.6. npl-1BJ1eKaTb K peWel-lJ.11O B03J10>KeHl-lbIX Iia Ilero 3aaaI.J cneUl-1aJ1l1-
CTOB J1Pyrl-1x OTJ1enOB C cornacl-1S1 COOTBeTCTBYIOWHX PYKoBOJ1I-1TeJ1eH.
4. OTBeTcTBcHllOCTb
IOpHcKoHcynbT l-ieCeT OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb B npcllenax, onpe.neJ1el'IHbIX
J1eHcTBYIOWI1M 3aKOH0J13TenbCTBOM POCCI-1"CKOH cDe.nepauHI-1, 3a:
4.1. HeH3J]J1e>Kawee Hcnonl-leHl1e I-1nl1 HeHCnOnl-feHl-1e CBOI-1X J10n>KHOCT-
IlblX 06S1Jal-[I-locTei1, npeJ1YCMOT}Je}IHblX HacToSiweH HIICT}JYKUJ.1eH.
4.2. 3a npaBol-lapyweHI-1S1, COBeprnel-il-lbIe B npouecce ocyweCTBJ1eHHSI
...
CBOel-1 lleSlTenbIIOCTI-1.
4.3. HapywellJ.1e BllyrpeHI-lero paCnOpSlJ1Ka npeJ1npl1S1TI-1S1.
PyKOBOl1HTenb CTPYKTYpHOrO n0J1pa311eneHI-1S1
« »
200 f.
-
COrJlACOBAHO:
Hal.Ja.J1bl-IHK IOpl-1.nl-1l1eCKoro OT.nena
« »
200 r.
-
C I-1HCTpYKLlHeH 031IaKOMneH:
« »
200 r.
-
T E M A
npOBOBOe peryJlHpOBOHHe
p'OrOBOpHO P060Tbi
3.1. CTPYKrypa AorOBopa
CTpYKTypa 6e30THOC"TeJlbHO K tJeMy-nl160 npeJ.lCTaBJ1S1eT C060M
cnoco6 061>eJ.lHHeHHSI HeCKOnbK"X 3JleMeHTOB B e.nHHylO CHCTeMY, yno-
p.SlJ.lO'-JeHHYIO cOBoKynliOCTb. LITO KacaeTCSI CTPYKTYPbl J.lOrOBopa, TO
MO>KHO CKa3aTb, tJTO 3TO ynopSlJ10tJeHHaSi B3aHMOCBSl3b COCTaBJ1S1IOWI1X
J.lOrOBOp 3neMeHTOB.
nOCKOJlbKY 3aKOi"IOJ.laTenb perJ1aMe..ITl1pyeT B 60nbweH CTeneHH c:jJop-
MY H COJ.lep)KaHHe J10rOBOpa, TO CTPyK1)'pa onpe.neJISleTCSI CTopOHaMH.
rnaBHoe TPe60BaHl1e, 1.JT06bl B Bbl6paHHOH CTpYKTYpe J10KYMeHTa npH-
CyrCTBOBaJ1H Bce He06xoJ.lHMble peKB"3"Tbl H 6blJ1" 03B}"-IeHbl Bce cyw.e-
CTBeHHble YCJlOBHSI.
[\orOBOp 3TO O.nHO 113 CpeJ1CTB npaBoro perynl1poBaHHSI J.leSlTenb-
HOCTH nlOJ1e", T.e. OH onpen.enJleT npaBOBOH pe)KHM J1eHCTB"" nl1U B
paMKax B03HI1KWe" Me)I(JJ.Y HHM" CBSl3".
[\orOBopbl no CBoeMY c:jJYHKUI10HaJ1bHOMY Ha3Ha'-JeH"1O MOryr 6blTb
OTHeceHbl K OJ.lHOMY "3 nOJ.lCT"J1eH o<l>I1U"aJIbHO-J1enOBOro CTHnSi pelJH.
Ero OCHOBHble CTl1neBble 1.JepTbl - TOtJHOCTb, He J10nYCKalOwaSi I1HOrO
.....
TonKOBaHI1S1 Henl1tJHbl11 xapaKTep, CTpy K1)'P HOCTb, CTepeOTHnHOCTb no-
CTpoeH 11S1 TeKCTa.
no J1eWCTBYIOw.eMY 3aKOH0J1aTenbCTBY (CT. 420 rK P ) noJ.l n.oro-
BOpOM nOH"MaeTCH cornallleH"e J1Byx "nl1 HeCKOnbKI1X n"u 06 YCTa-
HOBJIeH"", H3MeHeHH" HJ111 npCKpaw.eHI1" rpa)l(JJ.aI-ICK"X npaB H o6S1-
3aHHocTeH.
[\eHcTBYlOlllee 3aKOH0J1aTenbCTBO pernaMeHT"pyeT npaBHna, KOTO-
pble Heo6xo.Q"MO C06J1IO.naTb npH 3aKJ1lO1.JeHHH .noroBopa:
. J.lOrOBOp 3TO J10KYMeHT, B KOTOpOM J.lOn>KHa 6blTb Bblpa)KeHa
COrJ1aCOBaHHaSl 06waJI BOJ1S1 nl1U, ero 3aKJ1lOtJ"Blli"X;
. npH 3aKJ1lO1.JeHH" J1orOBopa J10J1>KeH C06nlOJ1aTbCSI rJ1aBHblH
np"I-IUl1n cBo60J.lHOe B0J1e"31>SlBJleHl1e CTOPOI-I;
. J10rOBOp J10n)l(eH 6blTb OCHOBaH Ha npHHu"ne cBo6oJ.lbl Bbl60pa
napTHepa no J10rOBOpy;
. napTHepbl cBo6on.Hbl B np"MeHeH"" CMcwaHHoro ,llOrOBopa.
nOMI1MO npaBHn, KOTopble J10J1)KHbl C06nlOJ1aTbCSI npH 3aKlJlOtJeH""
J.lOrOBOpa, OH TaK>Ke J10n>KeH HMeTb CTpyKTYPY.
111060" ,llOrOBOp ycnOBHO MO)KHO paJ)1eJ1HTb Ha lJeTblpe 1.JaCTH.
I. llpellM6YAa (UAU 680dlilUl lIacm6)
33
II. npellMeT nOrOBOpa.
III. 1]onOnHI1TenbHble ycnoBHSI JlOrOBOpa.
IV. npOIJMe ycnOB" nOrOBOpa.
I. npeaM6yna <"n" BBOllHaSl 1.JaCTb)
I. Ha360HUe OOl060pO. T01.JHOC Ha3BaH"C n.OrOBOpa JIaeT nOHSlTb,
KaKHe npaBOOTHOlIJeHHSI OH OnpeD,enSieT. OJ1UaKO Heo6xo.llHMO nOM-
HHTb, 1.JTO CyWl-iOCTb .QOrOBOpa BblTeKaCT He "3 Ha3BaHI1S1, 3 "3 ero Co-
Jlep>Kal-'"SI. Ho.. ecn" Ha3BaH"e OTcyrcTByeT, JlOrOBOp CHa l laJ13 cnen.yeT
npo'-nnaTb, IJTo6b1 nOHSITb. 0 ljeM OH, a Y>K JaTeM paJ6HpaTbCSI C HHM
no cYlllecTBY..
2. /la/na 110dliliCOflllJl iJo o6opa. OHa BKJ1lOlJaeT IJ"CJIO, MecSlU H ron.
nO)!n"CaHl-fS1. Co BCeM" 3THM" peKB"3I1TaMI1 CBSlJaHO npaBl1nbHoe yc-
TaHOBJleliHe MOMeHTa 3clKJ1lOlJeHHSI JlOrOBOpa " OKOH1.JaHI1S1 cpOKa ero
.nei..fcTBI1S1, a 3Ha1.JI1T. " onpCJlCneJ-Ilible IOPHJI"IJCCK"e nocnen.CTBI1S1.
3. Mecmo IlodnuCaHUJl aO 060pa (ropon "n" H3ceneHHbl" nYHKT).
YKa3aH"e lia MeCTO COBepWeHI1S1 CJleJ1K" He npOCTaSl cPOPMaJ1bHOCTb,
OHO "MeeT MHOrJla 60nbllJOe IOpl1n.H1.JeCKOe 3Ha\teH "c. no 3aKOHOJla-
TenbcTBY Toro 1eCTa, rn.e COBepwaeTCSI CJlenKa, on pellenSlIOTCH: a) npa-
Bocnoc06HOCTb M JleeCnOC06HOCTb n"u. 3aKJ1lOlJ"BW"X CJlCJlKY, 6) cl>op-
Ma CJlenK", B) 06S1JaTenbCTBa t B03HHKW"e H3 cn.enKI1 (npaBlla, B no-
cne.nHeM cnY'lae CTOpOHbl B JlOrOBOpe Moryr npen.YCMOTpeTb I1HOe no-
nO>Ketll1e CT. 432 rK PeD).
4. rlonHoc ( l1pMeHHOe HaHMeHOBal-il1e KOHTpareHTa, non. KOTOpblM
nOCJ1eJ!HI1" 33pCr"CTp"pOBaH B peecTpe rocYJlapCTBeHHoH perI1CTpaUH"
a T310Ke cOKpaweHHoe Ha3BaHI1e CTOpOH no llorOBOpy «(3aKa31JI1K»),
«(noKynaTenb», «(ApeHJlaTOp)) 11 np.).
5. !ton>Kl-iOCT". <l>aM"nHI1" I1MeHa " OT4eCTBa nl1U, nOJlnI1CbIBaIOW"X
,norOBOp. YKa3aHHSI Ha I1X nonHOMOll"SI Ha nO.Qnl1CaHHe )!OrOBopa.
II. llpeoMem OOlo6opa
,llaHHaSl 43CTb 1l0roBopa con.ep>KHT ero cywecTBeHHble ycnoBI1S1.
I. npeJll\tCT norOBopa, T.e. 0 lleM KOHKpeTHO n.orOBapI1BaIOTCH CTOpoHbl.
2. 06}J3aHHocTI1 " npaBa nepBoH CTOpOH bl n.orOBopa.
3. 06S13aHHOCT" 11 npaBa BTOpOH CTOpOHbl n.orOBopa.
4. UeHa JlOrOBOpa " nOpSlJlOK paclleToB " n.p..
5. CPOK BblnOnHCH"SI cTOpOHaMI1 CBO"X 06S133TCJlbCTB.
KOHKpeTlioe COJlep>K3H"e 3TI1X ycnOB"" 3aBHC"T OT BI111a n.oroBopa
11 OT KOHKpCTHOH C"T)'aU"H cro 3aKJ1lOlleHI1 .
111.l!onoA',UmeAbliWe YCIl06UR iJolo6opa
HaCTOSllll"" pa3Jlen BKJ1lOlJaeT B ce6S1 ycnoBHSI, KOTopble He 06S133-
TenbHO npe.i1YCM3TP"BaTb B Ka)f(JI.OM JIOrOBope. 1-10 KOTopble TeM He teHee
cywecTBeHHO BJlHSlIOT Ha peaJ1"3aUI1IO npaB " 06S13aHHocrew CTOpOH.
I. CpOK oeucm6l/Jl dOl060pO.
Ero He06xo.Q"MO YKa3aTb, Jla>Ke ccnH Ha3BaHbi CPOK" BbinonHeHMSI
CTopOI'laMM 06S13aTenbCTB. 3TO 06YCJI0BJ1eHO TeM, 1.JTO Han;Ie)KHT 3H3Tb,
34
Korlla OrOBOp npeKpaWaeT CBoe .neHCTBHe H Korlla MO>KHO 6y.neT
npelloSlBHTb COOTBeTcTBYlOlllHe Tpe60BaHHSI K KOHTpareHTY.
2. Om6elncln6eHHoclnb ClnopOH.
OHa 06ecneLlHBaeT HcnonHeHHe 06S13aHHocTei1 CTopOHaMH B cnyl.Jae
HapyweHI1S1 ycnoBHH .norOBopa O.nHoji 113 HI1X. 06bl1.JHO 3.aeCb onpelle-
neHbl pa3JJI1I.JHOrO pO.ll.a CaHKUI1H B BI111e neHH, HeYCTOiiKI1, wTpa<l>a,
ynnal.Jl1BaeMblX KOHTpareHTOM, He BblnOnHI1BWI1M CBOI1X 06J13aTenbCTB B
OTHOWeHI1H o.nHoro 113 cornaCOBaHHblX YCJ10BH".
npH COCTaBJIeHHH lloroBopa MO)KHO npeIJ)10)KHTb cneJlYIOWYIO MeTO-
HI1KY onpelleJleHI1S1 OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH: npOTHB Ka}l(Jloji o6S13aHHocTH
CTOpOHbl llOn>KHa 6blTb npe.nycMOTpeHa cOOTBeTcTBYlOwaSi OTBeTCTBeH-
HOCTb B OCHOBHOM B BH.ne WTpaQ>HOw HeYCTOHKH. 3TO 03Ha1.JaeT I.JTO
y6blTKI1 npl1 HeHa.I1J1e>KalUeM HcnOnHeHI1H 06S13aTenbCTB KOHTpareHTa
Moryr 6blTb B3blCKaHbi C Hero CBepx HeYCTOHKI1. nOMHI1Te, I.JTO, ecnl1
TaKOH BI111 OTBeTCTBeHHOCTI1 OTcyrcTByeT t HeYCTOMKa SlBJlSleTCSl 3al.JeTHoi1
11 y6blTKH C KOHTpareHTa MO)KJ-IO 6YlleT B3blCKaTb B lJaCTH, He nOKpblToi1
HeYCTOHKOH (CT. 394 rK P<I».
3. Cnoco6b1 o6ecne eHlJJl 06Jl3alnellbcln6 (rn. 23 rK PcI».
POCCI1HCKOe rpIDKllaHCKoe 3aKOHOllaTeJ1bCTBO npellYCMaTpHBaeT CJle-
llYlOllll1e OCHOBHble cnoc06bl o6ecnel.JeHI1S1 06S13aTeJlbCTB (CT. 329 rK P<I»:
,.
HeYCTOHKa, 3ar10r, Yllep>KaHl1e I1MywecTBa .nOJl>KHI1Ka nOPY'-JHTeJ1bCTBO,
6aHKoBcKaSi rapaHTHSI, 3a,aaTOK. KpoMe 3Toro, MOryr 6blTb npe.nycMoTpeHbl
H .npyrHe cnoco6bl, npellYCMOT))eHHble 3aKOHOM Hnl1 .norOBOpoM.
4. OCH06aHUJl lJ3MeHeHUJl UlllJ pacmop.JlCeHUJl OOl080pa 6 OOHocmopOH-
HeftI nOpJlOKe (rn. 29 rK P<I».
5. Ycno6UJl 0 KOHcp'JOeHI.{'JallbHOClnu UHcpopftlau,ulJ no OO 060py.
6. flOpJlOOK pa3peWeHUJl cnop06 Me.JlCoy ClnOpOHQMli no OO 060py.
Bce cnopbl Me>KIlY CTOpOHaMI1 pa3peW31OTCSI B COOTBeTCTBHI1 C 3a-
KOHo.naTenbCTBOM POCCI1i1CKOi1 <I>e.nepaUI1H B cy.ne6Hblx opr3Hax. O.nHa-
KO CTOpOHbl MOryr yCTaHoBHTb 11 I1HOe nOJlO>Kel-IHe, B 1.JaCTHOCTI1 npellY-
CMOTpeTb pa3611paTenbcTBo cnopOB He B cYlle6HbiX opraHax, a B TPeTeH-
CKOM cylle, C0311aBaeMOM J1H60 CaMHMI1 CTopOHaMH.. nH60 B COOTBeTCT-
BHH C pernaMe} TOM KaKOrO-nI160 nOCTOHHHO .neiiCTBYlOlUero TpeTeH-
CKoro CYlla.
IV. llpolfue YCA06UR OOZ060pa
3TH ycnoBHSI Moryr BKJ1I01.JaTb CJle.nYlOlUl1e BonpOCbl.
I.. 3aKOHOllaTeJlbCTBO, perYRHpYlOwee OTHOWeHI1S1 CTOpOH (OCO-
6eHHO 3TO Ba>KHO.D.J1S1 BHeWHeToprOBblX KOI.rrpaKToB).
2. Oco6eHHoCTH cornaCOBaHl1ii CBSl3H Me)t(JJ.Y CTopOliaMI1.
311eCb.llJ1S1 Ka)t(JJ.oi1 CTOpOHbl YKa3b1BaIOTCSI:
a) n11U3, nOnHOMOI.JHble llaBaTb Hli<l>opMaUHIO " pellJaTb BonpOCbl,
OTHOCSllUHecSI K HcnOnHeH111O .norOBopa. 3TO MO>KeT Q>opMynHpoBaTbcSI
.nBYMSI cnoco6aMH: C nepCOHMbHblM YKa3aHHeM nOJ1HOM01.JHOrO nHU8
(nHu) I1RH C YKa38HHeM llOn)KHOCTeH;
35
6) CpOKIA CBst3H Me>K1lY cTopoHaMH. Hanp"Mep: «.... Ka)I<JJ.bl" BTOp-
H"K C 1.Jac)};
B) CnOC06bl CBSl311: TeneQ>Olt, <l>aKc, TeJ1eKC, TenerpaQ>, TCJleTaWn C
YKa3aHHeM I1X HOMepOB 11 I1HblX .aaHHbIX.
3. Cy.ab6a npcIUloroBopHoi1 pa60Tbi 11 ee pe3ynbTaToB nocne no.a-
nl1CaHI1H llorOBopa.
LlaHHbli1 nyHKT con.ep.>K"T nOnO)KeHl1e, B COOTBeTCTB"" C KOTOpblM
CTOpOHbl YCTaHaBJ1"BaIOT, I.JTO nocne no.nnI1CaHI1S1 H3CTOSllllero lloroBopa
Bce npe.aBapl1TenbHble neperOBopbl no HeMY nepenHCKa, npellBapl1-
TenbHble COrnallJeH"SI 11 npOTOKonbl 0 HaMepeHHSlX TepSiIOT cHny..
4. PeKB"3I1Tbl CTOpOH:
a) n01.JTOBble peKB"3I1Tbl;
6) MeCTOHaXO>K1lelil1e (attpec) npe.anpHSlTltSl;
B) 6aHKOBCKHe peKBI1311Tbi CTOpOH (HOMep paCLleTHoro C1.JeTa, Y'-:Ipe-
>K1leH"e 6aHKa, KOJ1 6aHKa, M<1>O I1nlt J1aHHble PKU).
5. nQJ.lnl1c" CTOpoH C npHJJO)KeHl1eM KIDKLloi.1 opraHHJaUHH (npe.a-
JIP"SlT"SI).
COJ1ep)KaH"e " CTPyKTypa KOnJ1eKTliBHoro .aorOBopa onpen.enSiIOTcSI
CTopOHaMH. B KOnneKT"BHbIH .aorOBOp MOryr BKJllOlJaTbCSI B3al1MHbie
o6H3arenbCTBa pa60THI1KOB 11 pa6oTollaTenSi no cnenylOWI1M BonpocaM:
. <l>OPMbl, C"CTeMbl 11 pa3Mepbl onnaTbl Tpy.na;
. BblnnaTa noco611i1, KOMneHcauwH;
. MeXaHI13M perynl1poBaHHst o nJ1aTbl TPYlla C Yl.JeTOM pOCTa ueH,
ypOBliSi "HQ>nstUI1I1, BbinOnHeHI1H nOKa3aTeneH, onpelleJ1eHHblX
KOJlneKTI1BHblM J10rOBOpoM;
. 3aHSITOCTb, nepe06Y l leH"e, YCJ10B"SI BbICB06o>K1leHI1S1 pa60THI1KOB;
. pa60 l lee BpeMSI 11 BpeMSI OTJ1bIXa, BKJ1I01.JaSl BonpOCbl npellOCTaB-
neH"SI " npOllOn>KliTenbHOCTH oTnycKoB;
. ynYQWeH"e ycnOB"H 11 oxpal-Ibl Tpy.na pa60THI1KOB, B TOM 1.Jl1cne
>KeHll1l1H 11 M0J10n.e>KH;
. co6nlO.aeH"e "HTepeCOB pa60TH"KOB npH npHBaTI13aUHI1 opra-
HI13au"". BellOMCTBeHHOrO >K"nbSl;
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Ha np0I13BOllCTBe;
. rapaHT"" H nbrOTbl pa60TH"KaM, COBMemaJOI.l.l"M pa6ol)' C o6y-
l.JeH"e 1 ;
. 03HOpOBJIeH"e" OT.abIX pa60THI1KOB 11 1.JneHOB lAX CeMe";
. KOHTponb 3a BblnonHeHHeM KOnneKTI1BHOrO HorOBopa, nopSl.aOK
BHeCeH"H B Hero "3MeHeHI1M W .nononHeliI1H.. OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb
CTOpoli, 06eCne1.JeH"e HOpMaJ1bliblX ycnOBI1" .neSiTenbHOCTH
npe.nCTaBHTeneH pa60TH"KOB;
. OTKa3 OT 3a6aCTOBOK npl1 BbinOnHeHI1H COOTBeTcTByIOW"X ycno-
. It
· BI1 11 KOJ1neKTI1 BHorO .norOBopa;
. .apyrl1e BonpOCbl, onpel{eJleHHble CTOpOHaMI1..
36
B KOnneKTHBHOM JlOrOBOpe C }"-IeTOM <pI-1HaHCOBO-3KOHOMI1L1eCKOrO
nOJlO)KeHI-1S1 pa60TOJJaTeJ1S1 MOryr YCTaHaBJ1I-1BaTbCH nbrOTbi H npel1Mywe-
CTBa lJ)1S1 pa60THI1KOB, yCJ10BI-1S1 TpYl1a, 60nee 6narOnpl1S1THble no cpaBHe-
HHIO c YCTaHOMeHHblMI1 33KOHaMH, HHblMI1 HOpMaTI1BHblMH npaBOBblMI1
aKTaMH, cornaWeHI-1S1MH. B KOJ1neKTI-1BHbIH llorOBOp BKJJlOl.JalOTCSI HopMa-
THBHble n0J10)KeHI-1H, eCJ1H B 33KOH8X H I-1HblX HopMaTHBHblX npaBOBblX
aKTax COl1ep)KHTCSI npSlMoe npennl-1CaHl1e 06 06S13aTeJlbHoM 3aKpenJ1eHI-1I-1
3TI1X nOnO)l(eHHH B KOJ1neKTHBHOM .norOBope.
B 3TOM }l(e n.OKYMeHTe Heo6xollHMO onpel1eJII1Tb nOMI-1MO PYKOBO,llI1-
,.
TellSi 11 ero 3aMeCTHTeJ1eH, KOTopble llel1CTBylOT B COOTBeTCTBl-111 C Y1.JpenH-
TeJ1bHblMI1 llOKyMeHTaMH opraHH33UHH, nepe1.JeHb 110J1)KHOCTHbIX nl-1U,
KOTopble I-1MelOT npaBO OT nl-1ua OpraHI-13aUHI-1 3aKJJIOLJaTb npellnpl1HI1M3-
TenbCKl1e .norOBopbl. nOnHOMOI.JI-1S1 3THX nl-1U Ha 3aKJIlOlJeHHe norOBopoB
OnpelleJ1S1IOTCSI B03l10>KeHHbIMH Ha HHX cl>yHKUI-101-laJlbHbIMI-1 o6H3aHHo-
CTSlMI-1 1-1 MOryr 6blTb orpaHHl.JeHbl npel1MeTOM, ueHO" norOBopa 1-1 npo-
I.JI1MI1 YCJ10BI1HMI-1.
nOCKonbKY CpOKH 60J1bWI-1HCTBa norOBopoB Jl)1HTenbHoro xapaKTepa
I1CTeKalOT B nOCnellHI1" .neHb KaJ1eH.napHoro ro.na, B KOMMepl.JeCKI1X op-
raH113aUI1S1X 33 HeCKonbKO MeCSlueB 110 OKOH1.JaHHS1 ro.na Ha l ll-1HalOTCSI
,,
110rOBOpHbie K3MnaHI111 no 3aKJ1lOl.JeHI1IO I1nH npOJl)1eHHIO CpoKOB JleH-
CTBI1S1 npen.npHHHMaTeJIbCKI-1X JlOrOBopOB. 0 cpOKax H nopSinKe npOBe-
n.eHHH, oco6eHHOCTSIX KOHKpeTHOH .norOBopHOH KaMnaH1-111 IOpl-1l1l-11.Je-
CKOH cnY)K60H COCTaBJ1HeTCH COOTBeTCTBYIOWI-1H npl1Ka3 (pacnopSl>Ke-
Hl1e) 3a nOl1nl-1CblO pyKoBOlll1TenSi OpraHI13aUHH.
):loroBop HapSlllY C 3aKOHonaTenbCTBOM npe.ncraBJ1S1eT c06oi1 Ba>K-
" ,.
Hel1Wee cpellCTBO perynl-1pOBaHI1H rpa)KllaHCKO-npaBOBbIX OTHOWeHI-1I1-
3aKJJI01.JeHl-1e 110rOBOpa BelleT K YCTaHOBJIeHHIO IOpHlll1l.JeCKOH CBSl31-1 Me-
>Kl1Y ero Y'-laCTHI1KaMI1.
H3.llaHI-1e 3aKOHOnaTeJlbHbiX aKTOB, onpenenSiIOWHX o6wl1e npaBl-1na
nOBen.eHHSI, caMO no ce6e He nopO>KllaeT B3aHMOOTliOllleHI1" Me>Kl1Y
cy6beKT3MI1, KOTOpblM OHI-1 an.peCOBaHbl.
B norOBopHble OTHOWeHI-1S1 MOryr BCTYnaTb neecnoco6Hbie <p113111.Je-
CKl1e nl-1ua, a B cnYl.Jae Korn-a pe1.Jb H[{eT 0 .norOBopax, onOcpellYlOlUl1X
KOMMeplJeCKHe OTHOWeHI1S1, rpa)KllaHe HMelOWl-1e CTaTYC npennpH-
HHM3TeJlSl, IOpI1JlI11.JeCKHe nHua.
):loroBop 3TO Hal-16onee pacnpOCTpaHeHHblH BI111 c.nenKH, TaK KaK
BCHKaH rpa>KllaHCKO-npaBOBaH CllenKa RH60 yCTaHaBJIHBaeT nH60 H3Me-
HHeT, nl160 npeKpawaeT rpa>KllaHCKl1e npaBa H 06$13aHHOCTH. n03TOMY
K n-orOBopaM npl-1MeHSIIOTCH 06Wl-1e DJ1S1 BCex cl1enOK npaBl-1na, B l.JaCT-
HOCTH, 06 ycnoBHHX JleHCTBHTenbHOCTI-1 ClleJ10K, 06 I-1X cl>opMe 1-1 T..l1..
KaK y)Ke OTMel.JaJ10Cb, BCH 3Ta cTPYKTYpa HOCI-1T ycnoBHblH xapaK-
Tep TaK KaK 3TO He nponHcaHO B HopMaTHBHblX aKTax. 3T0 3Ha'H1T "ITO
110rOBOp MO>KeT HMeTb H I-1HYIO CTPYKTYPY. HeCMOTpSI Ha TO I.JTO 3aKOHO-
llaTeJ1b Heon.HOKpaTHO YTBep>KllaeT, I.JTO norOBOp 3aKJ1lOl.JaeTCSI no npl1H-
37
Ul1ny CB060J.lbl BOnel13bSlMeHHSI CTOpOH, HMelOTCSI yenoBHSI, KOTOpble
BbIHY}KJlaIOT KOppeKTHpOBaTb n.3HHOe BOne"31>stB11eHHe. ,QaliHble yeno-
B"H nOl{pa3JlenSilOTCSI Ha CJ1el{ylOwHe rpynnbl:
. CYlqeCm6eHHble yCJ10BI1S1 He06xol1"Mble 11 JlOCTaTOI.JHble DJlSI
3aKJ1lO l leH"SI J.lOrOBOpa, B 1.JaCTHOCTH 0 npellMeTe J.laHHOrO 1l0rOBO-
. 06bl'lHble He Tpe6YlOlll"e cornaCOBaHI1S1 " He3aBHCHMO OT BO-
n" yl.JaCTH"KOB cornarneHHSI y)Ke npe YCMOTpeHHble B pa3nHI.J-
HblX HOp,.1aTHBHbIX aKTax (3T" yenoBI1S1 BCl)'naIOT B cHny aBTO-
MaTl1l.JeCKI1 B MOMeHT 3aKJ1lOl.JeHHSI n.orOBopa);
. CIlY'10UHble ycnOB"SI, H3MeHSIlOlll"e " J.lonOnHSllOll1l1e 06bl1.JHble
YCJ10BHst (Oli" BKJlI01.JaIOTCSI B TeKCT J.lOrOBOpa no YCMOTpeHHIO
CTOpOH 11 nocne 3Toro npl106pe-ralOT IOpl1J.ll11.JeCKYIO cHny).
Oc06eHHO Ba:>KH3 CTPYKTYp3 nOCTpoeHHSI n.orOBopa npl1 ero 3aKJ1JO-
1.Jelil1H B nl1CbMeHHOH cpopMe. npl1 3aKJII01.JeHHH n.orOBopa B nl1CbMeH-
HOH cpopMe OCHOBliblM" Tpe60BaHHSlMI1 npl1HSlTO CI.JHTaTb cnel1YIOWHe:
KOHKpeTHOCTb; nOrl1I.JHOe 113nO)KeHl1e Marep"aJl3, CBst3b HOpMaT"BHbIX
npellnl1CaHH" Me)I(!J.y c060i1; OnpaBD.aHHOe ynoTpe6J1eHl1e Tex "J1H I1liblX
Sl3blKOBbiX HOpM; T01.JHOCTb H onpen.eJ1eHHOCTb Q>opMyn"pOBOK, Bblpa-
)KeHI1H, OTJleJ1bHbIX TepMHHOB; SlCHOCTb 11 1{0CTYnHOCTb Sl3blK3 npl1 H3-
nO>KeHHH MaTepHaJla; I1cnonb30BaHI1e anpo6HpOB3HHblX, YCTOSlBWI1XCSI
TepMI1HOB H Bblpa>KeH"", "MeIOWHX W"pOKOe npHMeHeHl1e; YHHQ>I1K3-
U"SI CPOpMbl 11 CTPYKTypbl. TaKH 1 06pa30M, OIJeBI1J.lHO, I.JTO «(llYX» " «6y-
KBa) J.lOrOBOpa 110n>KHbl 6blTb eJlI1HbIM".
3.2. nOpf1,QOK 30K11IOl4eHa.1f1 ,QorOBOpo
AnSI Toro 1.JT06bl CTOpOHbl MornH llOCT"1.Jb cornaWeH"SI 11 TeM ca-
MblM 3aKJllOI.JHTb 110rOBOp, He06xOlll1MO no Kpai1Hei1 Mepe, I.JT06bl OllH3
H3 HI1X cJ.leJ1aJla npellJlO>KeH"e 0 33KJIIOI.JeHI111 llorOBop3, a llpyraSi
np"HSIna 3TO npeDJ10>KeHl1e. n03TOMY 3aKJl104eHI1e JJ.orOBopa npOXOJ.l"T
II B e CTallHI1. nepB3S1 CTMHst I1MeHyeTcSI ot/Jepmoii, a BTopaSi DKl4en-
mOM. B COOTBeTCTB"" C 3THM CTopOHa, lleJlalOW3S1 npeDJIO)KeHHe 3a-
KJJI01.JHTb JJ.orOBOp, I1MeHyeTcSI ocpepeHTOM. a CTopOHa, npHHHMaIOW 3S1
npeDJIO)KeH"e, 3KuenT3HTOM. ,[loroBop Cl.Jl1TaeTCSI 3aKJlI01.JeHHbIM,
Korlla oij>epeHT nOJ1YI.JI1T aKuenT OT aKuenT3HTa.
BMeCTe C TeM llaJ1eKO He BCSlKoe npe)])10)KeHl1e 3aKJII01.JI1Tb J.lOrOBOp
np"06peTaeT c"ny oQ>epTbl.. npeDJIO:>KeHl1e, npl13HaBaeMoe ocpepTOH, B
COOTBeTCTB"" co CT. 435 rK:
. llOn)l(HO 6blTb 1l0CTaTOI.JI-10 onpeJ.leJ1eHHbl t 11 Bblpa)KaTb SlBHoe
liaMepeHl1e J1l1ua 3aKJlIOI.J"Tb J.lOrOBOp;
. 110n)l(HO co.nep>KaTb Bce cywecTBeHHble ycnOB"SI JlOrOBOpa;
. llOn)l(HO 6blTb 06pameHo K OllHOMY "nH lieCKOJlbKI1M KOHKpeT-
HblM nHuaM.
nepBoe Tpe60BaHHe 06ycJ10BJ1eHO TeM, 1.JTO 6e3 liaMepeHHSI nHua 3a-
KJllOl.Jl1Tb J.lOrOBOp nocnellHHH He MO>KeT 6blTb 33KJlIOLJeH, n.a:>Ke eenl1 3TO
.
38
nHUO C006LU"nO KOHTparCHTY BCe CYlUCCTBeHHble YCJ10B"H nOrOBopa.
BTopoe TPe60BaHHe BblTeKaeT "3 n. I CT. 432 rK, B COOTBeTCTBHH C KO-
TOpblM JJ.orOBOp C1.J"TaeTCSI 33KJJI01.JeHHbIM, eCJlH MC)I(J1y CTopOHaMH n.OC-
THrl-lyro cornaweHHe no BceM cywecTBeliHblM YCJ10B"SlM .norOBopa. ECJ111
B npeDJIO>Kelll.tH 3aKJ1I01.JHTb .noroBOp oTcyrcTByeT XOTSI 6bl OJJ.HO H3 CYlUe-
CTBeHHblX YCJ10BHH, Oli He MO>KeT 6blTb 3al<JJlOl.JeH, lla>Ke eCJ1" BTOpasi
CTopOHa 11 cornaCHTCH C TaKHM npeJ1JlO)Kel'IHe 1. l-iaKoHeu.. TpeTbe Tpe60-
BaH"e o6ycnOBJIeHO TeM. liTO B MOMeHT 3aKJllOlJeHHSf llorOBopa 1l0n>KHO
CHHMaTbCSI npeDJ10)KeH"e ero JaKJ1IOI.J"Tb. B npoT"BHOM CJ1YI.Jae B OTHO-
WeH"H OllHoro H Toro )Ke npe.nMeTa MO)KeT 6blTb 3aKJ1lOl.JeHO HeCKOJ1bKO
JJ.orOBopOB, 113 KOTOpblX peaJIbHO MO>KI-IO HCnOJ1H"Tb TOnbKO 01l111 1.
npl1 OTCyrCTBHH nlO60ro H3 yKa3aHHbix Bblllie np"3HaKOB npen..nO>Ke-
!-tHe MO>KeT paCC,.1aTpHBaTbCSI TonbKO KaK 6bJ306 Ha ocjJepmy (np"rnawe-
.IHe .nenaTb O CpT)'). TaK, nonyl.JeHHoe no nOliTe npeMO)KeH"e OT Topro-
130H HpMbl noceTHTb ee Mara3"H " 11p1106peCT" "MelOlllHecH B Ha.J1H1.J""
TOBapbl He SlBJlSleTCH o epTOH, nOCKonbKY B [{ali.IOM npCJ1JlO>KeH"" OT-
CyrCTBYIOT cyluecTBeHHble ycnOB"SlllOrOBOpa Kynnl1-npo.na>K". PeKJJaMa H
HHbie npeJ]JlO)KeH"SI. an.peCOBal-lHble HeonpeneneHHOMY KPYry nHLl, pac-
c aTpHB3IOTCSI KaK np"rnawel.,"e .nenaTb o ePTY (Bb130B Ha oQ>epry),
eCJ1H HHoe npHMO I-Ie YK33aHO B npeDJ10>KeHHI1 (n. I CT. 437 rK).
OT Bbl30Ba Ha o<pepTY He06xOll"MO OTnMl.JaTb ny6/lU"IHYIO orjJepmy.
nOJ1 ny6J1111.J1-IOH o<pePTOH nOH"MaeTCSI co.nep>Kawee Bce cYLUecTBeHHbie
ycnOB"SJ .norOBopa npe.nnO>KeHHe, "3 KOToporo YCMaTP"BaeTCH BOJ1S1 nH-
ua, .nCJlalOlUcro npeDJIO>KeHHe, 3aKJIlOI.JI1Tb JJ.orOBOp H3 YKa3aHHbiX B
npeDJIO>KeHH" yCJ10BHHX C nI06b1 1, KTO 0T30BeTCSl (n. 2 CT. 437 rK).
B 3TOM cJ1yl.Jae npeDJIO>KeHHe 3aKJ1IOI.JHTb .norOBOp 06paLUeHo K nlO60MY
" Ka)l(llOMy.. n03TOMY nepBblH. KTO OT30BeTCH Ha ny6nHI.JHYlO oQ1epTY,
aKuenT)'eT ee 11 TeM caMblM CHHMaeT npeJ1JlO>KeHHe (TaKcH, CTOSlwee Ha
CTOSJHKe C BKJllOlleHI-lblM 3eneHbl orOHbKOM; 3BTOMaTbi no npoJ1a>Ke
npOXJI31ll1TenbHbix HanI1TKOB; pa3MeLUeHHbie Ha np"nalJKe Mara3"H3
TOBapbl " T..n.) I.
AKuenToM npH3HaeTcSI cornaCHe n"ua.. KOTOpOl\1Y aIlpecoBaHa oQ>ep-
Ta, npHHslTb 3TO npen..nO>KCliHe, npHlleM He J11060e cornaCHe, a n"Wb
T3Koe, KOTopoe SlBJlSleTCSI nonliblM 11 6e30rOBOpOI.JHblM (n. I CT. 438
rK). ECJ1" >Ke npHHUHI1"WlbHOe cornaCHe Ha npelU1o>KeHHe 3aKJIlOI.JHTb
1l0rOBOp COnpOBO)l(1laeTCSI KaK"M"-J1H60 JJ.OllonHeHHSlMH "n" H3MeHe-
HHSlM" YCJ10B"H.. co.nep>KalllI1XCSI B O( epTe, TO TaKoe Cornac"c He HMeeT
C"nbl aKuenTa. COBepWel-l"e nHUOI\1, nOJlyl.J"BlU"M o<pepTY. B CpOK, yc-
TaHOBJ1el-IHbIH J]JISI ee aKuenTa.. .neHCTB"H no BbinonHeHHIO YKaJaHHblX B
I CJIC.nYCT OTMCTMTb.. I.JTO nOH TMe ny6I1MI.JHoi1 O CpTbl. Con.cp>K3rnCCCH B CT. 437 rK.
He BnOJlHC corn3cyeTc C TCM. KaK nOHHttl3CTCJ.l ny6Jl tl.JH3J1 Oc!)CpTa Tonapa 8 CT. 494
fK. DOJ1CC non.po6HO 0 ny6.aM'llfoM 04>CpTC CM-: bpalllllcKII,i M.Jf... BllnlpRllcKllli 8.B.
LloroHopHoC npauo. 06111"e nOJ10)KCI-I't . C. 158-160.
39
He" YCJ10UH" 1l0rOBopa (OTrpY3Ka TOBapOB, npenOCTaBJ1eHHe ycnyr, Bbl-
nonHeHMe pa60T, ynnaTa COOTBeTCTBYlOweH CYMMbl M T.n.) C'1MTaeTCSI
aKuenTOM, ecnl1 MHoe lie npeJlYCMOTpeHO 3aKOHOM, I1HblMH npaBOBblMH
aKTaMJ1 I1nl1 He YKa3aHO B o<l>epTe (n. 3 CT. 438 rK). CneJlyeT y1.JHTbI-
BaTb, '1TO DJ1H npH3HaHHSI COOTBeTcTBylOWHX llei1cTBI1" an.pecaTa oQ>ep-
Tbl aKuenTOM He Tpe6yeTcSI BblnonHeHHSI ycnOBI1" oQ>epTbl B nonHoM
06oeMe. B 3TI1X uenHX J]JlSl npH3HaHHSI YKa3aHlibiX n.eHCTBHH aKuenTOM
.nOCTaT01.JHO, 1.JT06bl nI1UO, nony'1HBWee oQ>epTY (B TOM 1.JI1CJ1e npoeKT
n.orOBopa), npHCT)'nl1nO K HCnOJIHelil11O Ha ycnoBHHX, YKa3aHHbiX B
oQ>epTe, M B YCTaHOBneHHblH IJ)ISI ee aKuenTa CpOK I .
06na.aalOWHe He06xon.HMb1MI1 npH3HaKaMM oQ>ePTa 11 aKuenT no-
pO>KLlalOT onpen.eneHHble IOpHlll11.JeCKHe nOCJ1en.CTBI1S1 DJ1S1 COBepWI1BWHX
HX JlMU. IOpl1n.H1.JeCKOe lleHCTBHe o<pepTbl 3aBMCI1T OT Toro, nonY1.JeHa
OHa ee allpecaTOM I1nl1 HeT. 110 nonY1.JeHMSI o<l>ePTbl ee aapecaTOM OHa
HMKaK He CBSl3blBaeT o<l>epeHTa, 11 OH BnpaBe ee OT03BaTb H TeM caMblM
CHSlTb npellJlO)KeHHe 3aKJ1lO l ll1Tb n.orOBOp. ECJlH npen.nO)KeHl1e 06 OT3bl-
Be o<l>epTbl nocTYnl1J10 paHee I1nH on.HOBpeMeliHO C caMOH o<l>epToH t
o<pepTa C1.JHTaeTCSI He nonY'1eHHO" (n. 2 CT. 435 rK). l-Iao60poT, C MO-
MeHTa nonY'1eHHSI O<jJepTbl ee an.pecaTO i OHa IOpl1.uM'1eCKI1 CBSl3blBaeT
o$epel-ITa. nonY'1eHHaSi aIlpecaTOM oQ>ePTa He MO)KCT 6blTb OT03BaHa B
Te1.JeHHe cpOKa, yCTaHoBneHHoro IJ)ISI ee aKuenTa, ecnl1 I1HOe He orOBO-
peHO B caMOH o<l>epTe nH60 He BblTeKaeT 113 cyrnecTBa npeD;10)KeHHSI
I1nH 06CTaHOBKH, B KOTOpOH OHa 6blna CllenaHa (CT. 436 rK). OQ>epeHT
He MO)KeT B Te'1eHl1e 3Toro cpOKa B OllHOCTopOliHeM nopSlllKe CHSlTb
oQ>epTy HnJ.f 33KJ1I01.JHTb JlOrOBOp, YKa3aHHblH B oQ>epTe, C llpyrMM nl1-
UOM. B npOTI1BHOM CJ1Y1.Jae OH 6YlleT 06S13aH B03MeCTHTb CBoeMY KOHTp-
areHTY Bce nOHeceHHble y6b1TKI1.. TaK, eCJ1M apeHn.OllaTeJJb He .uO)KI1.lla-
SlCb YCTaHOBJ1eHHOrO 11M B o<l>ePTe cpOKa, c.uaJ1 lla1.JY .upyrOMY nHUY, TO
aKuenTOBaBwee B YCTaHOBneHHblH CpOK 31)' o<pepTY J1I1UO BnpaBe no-
Tpe60BaTb OT o<pepeHTa B03MeweHMH Bcex nOHeceHHblX HM pacxon.OB,
..... iL.. U
CBH3aHHbiX c norpY3K0I1, pa3rpY3KOH 11 TJ)aHcnopTHpOBKOH nepeBe3eH-
HblX Ha llatjy H 06paTHO BeweH. O.uHaKO ecnl1 8 caMoi1 o<l>epTe 6blno
CKa3aHO, '1TO o<pepeHT OCTaBnSleT 3a C060H npaBO 3aKJ1IO'1I1Tb llorOBOp
apeHllbl TalOKe M C llpyrl1MM nI1U3MM, KOTopble npeDJ10)KaT 6oJ1ee BbICO-
KYIO apeHllHYIO nnaT}' H 6blc-rpee OT30B)'TCSI Ha cn.enaHHoe 11M npen;10-
)f(eHHe aKuenTOBaBwee nocne 3Toro ocJ>ep1)' nMUO He HMeeT npaBa TJ)e-
60BaTb OT ocpepeHTa B03MeweHI1S1 nOHeceHHblX 11M y6bITKOB. KaK H
oQ>epTa, aKuenT CBH3blBaeT aKuenTaHTa C Toro 10MeHTa. Korn.a OH no-
nY'1eH o<pepeHTOM. ,lJ.0 nony'1eHHSI aKuenTa ocpepeliTOM aKuenTaHT
I nYHKT 58 nOCTaH0BJ1CHI1S1 nneHYMa BCpxo8Horo CYlla POCCI1i1CKOM <J>cn.epaUlili 11
f1ncHYM3 Bblcwcro Ap61iTpa}f(HOrO Cyna POCClii1CKOi1 <1>cnepaulili OT I lilOJ1S1 1996 r.
Nfl 6/8 O HCKOTOpblX 8onpoc3x.. CBSl3aHHblX C npliMCHCH1-teM ....acTli ncpl3o" rpa)K-
naHCKoro Kon.eKca Poec 1-t ii CKoi1 4>en.cpaUli w).
40
BnpaBe OT03BaTb aKuenT. np" 3TOM, eCJ1H H3Bernel-iWe 06 OT3blBe aK-
uenTa nOCl)'nHJ10 nHUY. HanpaB"BWeMY o( ep1)', paHee aKuenTa 1111"
OD.HOBpeMeHHO C H"M, aKuem ClJHT3eTCSI HenonYlIeHHblM (CT. 439 rK).
IOp"ll"4eCKOe lle"CTB"e o$epTbl TaK)I(e 3aBI1CI1T OT Toro, c.neJ1aHa
OHa C YKa3aHHeM cpOKa llJISi OTBeTa Hn" 6e3 yK3JaHHSI cpOKa )]JISI OTBeTa.
ECJ1" ocpepTa ClleJ13Ha C YKa3aH"eM cpOKa J]JISI OTBeTa, TO 110rOBOp CI.JHTa-
eTCSI 3aKlJlOlJeHHblM, eCJ111 aKuenT nonYlJeH nItUOM" HanpaBHBUJI1M ocJ>ep-
1)'t B npe.n.eJ1ax YK33aHHoro B He" cpOKa (CT. 440 rK). ECJUI )f(e ocJ>ep-ra
c.nenaHa 6e3 yKa3aHI1S1 cpOKa DJ1S1 OTBeTa, TO ee IOpl1.DJ1IJeCKOe lleMCTBl1e
3aBI1CI1T OT Toro, B KaKOH Q>opMe OHa ClleJIaHa.. Kor11a ocJ>epTa CJlenaH8
YCTHO 6e3 YKa3aHitSl cpOKa llJISI aKuenTa" .noroBOp ClJ"TaeTCSI 3aKlJlOlJeH-
HbIM, ecn" .npyraSl cTopOHa HeMeDJIeHliO 3aSlBHna 0 ee 3KuenTe. ECJI"
TaKOrO aKucnT3 He nOCJ1e110BarI0, TO oQ>epeHT H"Kat< He CBSl3aH c.neJ1aH-
HblM 11M npeDJ10>KeliHeM. Korlla >Ke ocJ>epra ClleJ13Ha B nl1CbMeliHOM $op-
Me 6e3 YKa3aHI1S1 cpOKa DJ1S1 aKuenTa, 110rOBOp C l ll1TaeTCSI 3aKJ1lOl.JeHHbIM,
eCJ111 aKuenT nonY4eH RI1UOM, HanpaB"BllJl1M ocJ>ep1)', 110 OKOHIJ3HHH
cpOKa, YCTaliOBneliHoro 3aKOHOM HnH I1HbIM" npaBOBblM" aKT3MH, a ec-
nH TaKOM CpOK I-Ie yCT3HoBneH, B Te1.JeHHe HOpMaJ1bHO He06xoJlHMoro
DJ1S1 3Toro BpeMeH" (CT. 441 rK). I-iOpMaJ1bHO He06xol1l1MblM C1.JI1TaeTCH
BpeMSI, .n.OCTaTOlJHOe DJ1 npo6era J1aHHOrO BHJ1a KoppeCnOHJ1eHUH" B 06a
KOHua, 03HaKOMneHHSI C co.nep)KaH"eM c.neJ1aHHOrO npeMO>KeHI1H " co-
CTaBneH"SI OTBeTa Ha Hero. B cnYlJae np"6blTl1st OTBeTa B TelJeH"e 3Toro
nepl1011a BpeMeHI1 .norOBOp ClJl1TaeTCSI 3aKlJlOlJeHHblM.
Ecnlt aKuenT nonYlJeH C on03.n3Ii"eM, TO cy.n b 6a 1l0rOBopa 3aBHCI1T
OT ocJ>epeHTa, KOTOpbli1 MO>KeT OCTaBI1Tb 6e3 BHHM3HI1st on03113HHe OT-
BeTa" cornaCHTbCH C 33KJllO l leH"eM .norOBopa n"60 OTKa3aTbCSI OT 3a-
KJ1101.JeHI1S1 J!orOBopa BB".ny Jan.ep>KKI1 C OTBeTOM Ha ero npellJlO>KeHHe..
EcnH o<pepeHT, nOJ1YIJ"BW"" aKuenT C on03HaH"eM, HeMellJleHHO co-
06W"T .npyro" CTopOHe 0 np"liSlTI1" ee aKuenTa, nonYlJeHHOrO C ono-
3.n3H"eM, .norOBOp ClJl1TaeTCSI JaKJ1lOl.JeliHblM. CTaTbSl 442 rK npe.ny-
CMaTpl1lJaeT " TOT cnY1.JaH, Kor11a OTBeT 0 COrnaC"M 3aKJllOIJHTb 110rOBOp
(aKuenT) np"6blJ1 C on03.n.aH"eM t HO "3 Hero B"D.I-IO, liTO OH 6blJ1 OT-
npaBJleH CBoeBpeMeHHO. 0 np"6blT"" aKuenTa C on031laH"eM B TaKO"
C"Tyaul1l1 3HaeT TonbKO ocJ>epeHT. AKuenTaHT >Ke, nonaraSl, 1.JTO OTBeT
nony1.JeH O( epeHTOM CBoeBpeMeliHO " 110rOBOp 3aKJllOlJeH, MO)KeT npH-
Cl)'nl1Tb K ero HcnOnHeH"1O 11 nOlieCTI1 COOTBerCTBYlOlUHe paCX011b1.
B uenSix npe.nOTBpaweH 11S1 3T"X pacxo.nOB Ha oQ>epeHTa, He >KenalOwero
npH3HaTb 1l0rOBOp 3aKJ1lOlJeHHbIM, B03naraeTCSI 06S13aHHOCTb HeMeDJ1eH-
HO onOBeCTI1Tb llpyrylO CTOpOHy 0 nonY4eHI111 aKuenrn C on03.naHl1eM.
B CJ1Yl.Jae 1-leI1CnOnHeH"SI 3TOH 06S1J3HHOCT" OTBCT He npH3HaeTCSI ono-
3.naBWI1M " CTOpOHbl ClJl1TalOTCSI CBSl3aHHbIM" 110rOBopOM..
EcnM OTBeT 0 COrJlaCJ1" 3aKJ1I01.JI1Tb )10rOBOp l1aH Ha I1HblX YCJ10BHSlX,
lJeM npe.nnO)KeHO B oQ>epre, TO TaKO" OTBeT npl13HaeTCSI OTKa30M OT
aKuenTa H B TO >Ke BpeMSI HOBO" ocJ>epTOM (CT. 443 rK). CTOPOHbl B
41
TOM CnYilae MeHSIIOTCSI MeCT3MI1, aKuenTaHT CTaHOBMTCSI OQ>epeHTOM co
BCeMM BbITeKalOlll"MM OTCIOD.3 nOCnen.CTBHSlMM. Ecn" CTOpOHbl CaMI1 He
Moryr yperynMpoBaTb pa3HOrJ1aCHSI. B031-1MKUJMe npM 3aKl1lOt.JeHI1" n.oro-
Bopa, TO Y HI1X eCTb B03MO}KHOCTb npHHTM K cornaweHMIO 0 nepe,nalJe
B03HHKUJero cnopa H3 paCCMOTpeHl1e cyn.a (CT. 446 rK). 8 3TOM cnYlJae
YCJ10BMSI D.OrOBOpa, no KOTOpblM CTOpOHLI He npl1wnl1 K cornaUJeHMIO,
onpen.enSiIOTCSI B COOTBeTCTBHI1 C peweHMeM cYlta. ECJ1M aapecaT Bo06-
me HI1K3K He OTpearHpORaJI Ha npeJ])JO}KeHl1e 3aKJllOlJMTb .norOBOp, TO
ero Mont.JaHMe paCCMaTpMBaeTCSI no 061l.leMY npaBl1ny KaK OTKa3 OT 3a-
Kl1lOileHMSI D.OrOBopa. H TonbKO B CJ1YlfaSlx, npSlMO npen.ycMOTpeHHblX
3aKOHoM 06blt.JaSlMI1 n.enoBoro 060pOTa 11J111 npe)KHI1MH n.enoBLIMI1 OT-
HOWeHMSlI\111 CTOpoH.. MOJllfaHHe paccMaTpHBaeTcSI KaK cornacl1e 3aKOH-
lJMTb n.orOBOp (n. 2 CT. 438 rK).
Ba)f(HOe 3HalJeHMe npl1 3aKJIlOlJeHMI1 n.orOBopOB npM06peTaeT BO-
npoc 0 BpeMeHI1 M MeCTe 3aKl1lOileHI1S1 ltOrOBopa. K ltOrOBOpHblM OTHO-
UJeHMSIM npMMeHSleTCSI 3aKOHon.aTenbCTBO" ,neHcTBYlOll.lee Ha MOMeHT ero
3aKl1IO'1eHHSI Ha TOM TeppI1TOpMM, rn.e OH 6LIJ1 3aKJIIOt.JeH. CornaUJeHMe
ClJMTaeTCSI COCTOSlBWHMCSI B TOT MOMeHT, Korn.a o<l>epeHT nOJ1YlJl1J1 CO-
rJ1aCMe aKuenTaHTa. 3TOT MOMeHT H npM3HaeTCSI BpeMeHeM 3aKJIlO t leHI1S1
n.orOBopa. H tiOe npaBHJlO YCT8H0BJ1eHO )].JlSl peaJ1bH blX D.OroBOpOB, J]JISI
3aKl1lO t leHHfI KOTOpblX He06xon.MMO He TOJ1bKO COrJ1aUJeHl1e CTOpOH, HO
H nepen.alJ3 HMYll.leCTBa. TaKHe D.OrOBOpbl Ct.JI1TaIOTCSI 3aKJIlOlfeHHbl M C
MOMeHTa nepeD.alJM COOTBeTcTBylOmero MMymecTB3. HaKOHeu, ,llOrOBOp,
nOJ]Jle}Kall.lHH rocYltapCTBeHHoi1 perMCTpaUI1I1, C'1HTaeTCSI 3aKl1lOlJeHHblM
C MOMeHTa ero perl1CTpaUHM, eCJ1M I1HOe He YCTaHOBJIeHO 3aKOHOM
(CT. 433 rK). ECJ1M B n.orOBope He YKa3aHO MeCTO ero 33l<J1lOlJeHI1f1, n.o-
rOBOp npM3HaeTCSI 3aKJIlOlJCHHbiM B MeCTe }KMTenLCTBa rpa}KJJaHI1Ha I1J1M
B MeCTe HaXO)f(ll.eHHSI IOpMn.I1\leCKOro JIMua.. HanpaBMBUJero o<l>epTY
(CT. 444 rK).
60J1bUJoe 3Ha4eH 1e HMeeT TaK)f(e Bonpoc 0 Hat.Jane Ii OKOHlJaHMI1
n.eMcTBliSl D.OrOBopa.. B COOTBeTCTBMM co CT. 425 rK ,llOrOBOp BCTynaeT B
c 1ny M CTaHOBMTCSI 06S13aTeJ1LHbl\1 J])JSI CTOpOH C Mo eHTa ero 3aKl1lO-
ileH"SI. BMecre C TeM CTOpOHbl Bnp3Be YCTaHOBHTL, lfTO YCJ10BMSI 33-
Kl1lOlJeHHOro I1MI1 .norOBopa npl1MeHSlIOTCSI K I1X OTHOUJeHMSlM, B03HI1K-
UJMM n.o 3aKl1lOileHI1S1 .QorOBopa. 3TO MOryr 6blTb <l>aKTMt.JeCKMe OTHO-
weHHSI CJ10}KMBUJMecSi Me:>K1JY CTopOHaMH. l-ianpl1Mept M3rOTOBMTeJ1b
npOltYKUl111 OTrpY311J1 ee nOTpe6MTenlO, H}'>K1lalOll.leM}'CSI B ,llaHHOH npo-
D.YKUMI1, 3 nocJ1eD.Hl1ii npMHSlJ1 ee 6e3 K3KOH-J1H60 n.orOBopeHHocTM Me-
)f(lI.Y HMMM. B 3TOM cJ1Y\.fae CTOpOHbl MOryr IOpM.QMlJeCKM O<l>OPMMTb CBOM
OTHOWCHI1S1 nyreM 3aKl1lOlJeHHfI n.orOBopa, KOTOpblM pacnpOcTJ)aHHeT
.."
CBoe D.eMCTBWe Ha Y}Ke cYlllecTBYlOllll1e Me)l(fiY HMMM OTHoweHMfI no
nOCTaBKe npOD.YKllHM. 3TO MO}KeT 6blTb 11 npaBOOTHOUJeHMe, B03HMK-
UJee Me)f(.[lY cTopOHaMIi M3 J1pyrl1x IOpl1n.M4ecKMx Q>aKTOB M He yperyJ1l1-
pOBaHlfoe ,non}KHblM 06pa30M. TaK, eCJ1M npli 3aKJIlOIJeHI111 Kpen.MTHoro
42
.norOBopa CpOKOM H3 OD.HH ro.n CTOpOHbl HC OrOBOpl1nH nOpSlllOK B03-
BpaTa KpenHTa, a .non)KHI1K CTaJI raCHTb em e)KeMeCSllIHblMI1 nnaTe)f(3MH
no 1/10 1..JaCTH B3S1TOH B Kpe.nHT CYMMbl, TO CTOpOHbl MOryr 3aKJII01..JI1Tb
.norOBOp, npeJtYCMaTpHBalOLUHM TaKoi1 nopSlnOK norarneH HH Kpe.nI1Ta
KaK 3a HCTeKrnl1e, TaK H Ha nOCJle.nYIOWHe nepHo.nbl nJlare>KeM.
no 06LUeM}' npaBHJlY, HCTe1..JeHHe CpOK3 norOBopa TOJlbKO Torn3
npeKpaluaeT ero .aeHCTBl1e, KOrD.a CTOpOHbl Hanne>KaLUHM 06pa30M I1C-
nOJlHI1J1 t Bce ne)KaLUHC Ha HHX 06S13aHHocTH. EcnH )f(C He HcnonHCHa
Ha;:I)1C)f(aWHM 06pa30M XOTSI 6bl o.nHa 06S13aHHOCTb, BblTeKalOwaSi 113
.norOBopa, TO nOCJle.nHHM He npeKpawaeT CBoe .neMCTBHe 11 no HCTe1..Je-
HI1H cpOKa, Ha KOTOpblH 6blJl 3aKJIIOl.JeH .nor080p. TaK, ecnH norOBOp
no.npRna 3aKJII01..JeH CpOKOM Ha Onl1H ro.n, TO no wcre1..JeHHI1 3Toro rona
.norOBOp He npeKparnaeT C80cro .nei1cTBwSI, ecnH no.npSl.n1..JI1K He 3aBep-
rnHJI npeJtYCMOTpeHHbJe LlorOBopOM no.npSlD.3 pa6OTbl. B TaKHX cnY1..JaSiX
.norOBOp npo.nOJl>KaeT LlCHCTBOB3Tb no OnpelleJlCHHOrO B HeM MOMeHTa
OKOH aHI1S1 I1CnOJlHetll1S1 CTopOHaMH 06S133TeJlbCTBa. EcnH TaKOH MO-
MeHT B .norOBope He onpe.neJlCH, TO npHMeHSlIOTCSI npaBl1na 06 HCnOJ1-
HCHHI1 06S13aTeJlbCTBa C Hconpe.neJ1eHHbIM CpOKOM. BMecre C TeM 33KO-
HOM HJlI1 .norOBopOM MO)KeT 6blTb npcn.yCMOTPCHO, liTO OKOH1..JaHHC CpO-
K3 nCHCTBI1S1 .norOBopa BJlC1..JeT npeKpaweHHe 06H3aTenbCTB CTOpOH no
.norOBOpy. TaK, B .norOBope npocroro TOBapHweCTBa CTOpOHbl MOryr
npc.nYCMOTpeTb., TO no OKOH1..JaHHW cpOKa .norOBopa npCKparn310TCSI 11
06H3aTeJlbCTBa CTOpOJ-1 no .norOBOpy..
HaKOHCll OKOHl.JaHHe cpOKa .neHCTBHSI .norOBopa He oCBo60 aeT
CTOpOHbl OT OTBCTCTBeHHOCTH 3a cro HapyrneHHC. TaK, nOCTaBLUHK OT-
Be1..JaeT nepell nOK}'naTCJleM 3a He.nOCTaTKH nOCTaBJ1eHHOrO TOBapa H
nocne OKOHl.aHHSI .neHCTBI1S1 D.OrOBOpa nOCTaBK 1.
3aKJ1lO eHHe norOBopa B o6H33TeJlbiiOM nOpHJl.Ke. CneUI1aJ1bHaSl CTa-
TbSl rK (445) nOCBSlrneHa O.nHOMY W3 BapHaHToB ct>oPMHpoBaHHH .noro-
Bopa. Y)Ke 113 ee Ha3BaHHSI «<3aKJII01..JeHHe .norOBopa B 06S13aTeJlbHOM
nOpJlD.Ke)) BHD.HO, \.fTO OHa npeD.CTaBJUleT co60ii HCKJlIO....eHl1e 113 o6UJ.l1x
npaBl1n, KOTopble 3aKpenJlRIOT aBTOHOMHIO BOJIH CTOpOH npl1 3aKJIIOl.Je-
HHH .norOBopa.
KaK y)f(e Heo.nHOKpaTHO OTMCl.JaJ10Cb, 8 Harne" CTpaHe B Te1..JeHHC
,lIJ1HTenbHoro 8peMeHI1 cHTyauHSI B rpa>K.naHCKOM 06opoTe 6blna npSlMO
npOTI1BOnOnO)KHOM TOH, KOTopaH 3aKpen.neHa B HOBOM Ko.neKce:
. 06LUI1M npaBI1J10M CJ1Y)KI1J10 06S13aTeJ1bHOe 3aKJ1lO1..JeHl1e D.OrOBO-
POB.. a TO, liTO YKJ1aLlblBaJlOCb B paMKH CBo60.nbl .norOBOpOB) CO-
CTaBJISInO nHUJb I1CKJ1I01..JeHHe;
. I1MeCTCSI B BI1.ny 1..JTO D.CHCTBHTeJ1bHO CBo6o,llHbIM MO)f(HO 6blno
Cl.JI1TaTb nl1Wb 3aKJ1lOl.JeHl1e norOBOpOB BO B3aI1MOOTHOUJeHI1S1X C
y acTl1cM rpa)f(fiaH.
Bo Bcex .npyrHx CJ1Yl.JaSlX CBo60D.Hoe 3aJ<J1I01..JCHl1e .norOBOpOB 6blJlO
....
B03MO)KHbIM KpaHHe pe.nKo, Kor.na npe.nMeTOM .norOBopa CJlY)KI1J1I1 TOBa-
43
pbl, pa60Tbi H ycnyrl1, W31>SlTbIC H3 nnaHOBOrO pacnpe,neneHHH H no
3T0i1 npl111HHe peaJIH3YCMbiC no }'CMOTpeH11 10 COOTBeTCTBeH HO 113rOTO-
BHTeJ1H TOBapOB (cHa6)KeH eCKo-6bITOBOH OpraHI13aUHH), npellnpl1HTHH,
BblnOJ1HHIOLLlero pa60Tbi Hnw OK33blBalOLUero ycnyrH, It ,np.
Bonpoc 0 COOTHOWeHl111 np3BHJ1a 11 HCKJ1IOt.JeHI1S1 6bln npe.nMeTOM
cy,ne6Horo pa36HpaTeJ1bCTBa. TaK, B OD.HOM "3 p3CCMOTpeH HblX ap6HT-
pa>KHblMI1 CYLlaMI1 D.en peLib wna 0 B03J10)KeHI1I1 Ha 3KUHoHepHoro 06-
weCTBa 06H3aHHoCTH 3aKl1IOLlI1Tb .nOroBOp Ha 3KCnJ1yaT3uHIO B1>C311HOro
nyrl1, npHMblKalOLUero K CTaHUHH. OTBCTt.J K, OTK33aBWHCb OT 33.10110-
LleHHH 1l0roBopa, B CYlle CCblnancSi H3 npHHUHn «cB06oD.bl noroBopoB».
OJlHaKO npe311D.HYM Bblcwero Ap6HTpa)KHOrO CYD.a P<I> C 3T M He
COrJ1aCHJ1CSI.. OH 06paTI1n BHHM3HI1e Ha TO, 4TO B COOTBeTCTBHH C YCTa-
BOM )l{eJ1C3HbIX J10por CCCP B3al1MOOTHOUlCHHSI Me>KJ1Y )KeJle3HOii n.o-
porOH 11 npeJ1npHHTHHMH, YLlpe>K..aeHI1S1M", OpraHH3aUHHMH, HMeIOLLl"-
MH )f(enC3HOD.0P0)KHbIC no.n:be3J1Hble nyr 1, perynHpYlOTC1I norOBopOM Ha
3KcnnyaTaUI11O nOnbe3JXHoro nyrH_ npl1 3TOM npaBltna 3KCnJ1yaT3UHH
u
>Kene3HOD.0p0)KHbIX nOD.De3JXHblX nyreH B03naralOT Ha >Kene3HYIO .nopory
06S133HHOCTb pa3pa60TaTb npoeKT 1l0rOBopa, a H3 BeTBeBJJaaenbUCB
ero 3aKJ1IOLJHTb. Co CCblnKoi1 Ha CT. 86 YCTaBa )KCne3HblX .nopor 11
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44
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45
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3aKOH OT 19 HIOJlSI 1995 r. ((0 CCTeCTBeHHblX MOHOnOJ1I1S1X) YCTaH3BJ1I1Ba-
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CTOpOHbl neHCTBYcr nHWL npl1 HaJlI14HH cneu anbHoro YKa3aHHH Ha
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46
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weCTBa JlBJ1S1IOTCJI opraHH3aTopoM ToproB npl1 npl1BaTI13aUHI1 rocy ap-
CTBeHHoro " MYHHUHnaJ1bHOrO HMYLUeCTBa.
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co6cTBeHHHKoM nponaBaeMoH BelliH 111111 o6naaaTeneM peaJ1M3yeMoro
48
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nlO6oe nHUO. B 3aKpblTOM aYKUMOHe H 3aKpblTOM KOHKypce ytJ3CTBYlOT
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49
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50
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I C3 P<1J. 1997. Nfl 40. CT.. 4612..
2 BCCTHHK Bblcwero Ap6HTp3}1(HOrO Cyn.3 POCC",ucKOi1 <I>en.epaUHw. 1994. NQ 2. C. 54.
51
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I BCCTHliK Bblclllcro Ap6HTp3)KI-IOro Cy.na POCCIi"CKOH <I>e.nepaUHH. 1994. N2 2. C. 54.
52
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TenbCTBO, TO B COOTBeTCTBHH C n. 2 CT. 422 rK H3MeHHTb HnH OTMe-
v
HHTb YCJ10BHe Y)Ke 3aKJ1lOl.JeHHOrO norooopa MO:>KeT TOJ1bKO npaBOBOH
aKT, 06nallalOWHM IOpH,nH ecKoM CHnOH 3aKOHa. I1Hble npaBOBble aKTbl
He MOryr ,neHCTBOBaTb C 06paTHOH CHnOH Ha YCJlOBHSI 3aKJIlOI.JeHHblX
,norOBopOB, KaK 3TO HHor,na HMeJ10 MeCTO ,nO BBeneHHSI B ,neMCTBHe l.Jac-
TH nepBOH rK. TaK, B cooTBeTcrBHH C n.. 2 YKa3a npe3H,neHTa POCCHH-
CKOH Cl>e,nepauHH «0 perynHpoBaHHH apeH,nHblX OTHOUJeHHH H npHBa-
TH3aUH" HMywecTBa rocy,napCTBeHHblX H MyHwUHnanbHblX npe,nnp"-
SlTHH, cnaHHoro B apeHny) OT 14 OKTSl6pSl 1992 r. NQ 1230 ,norOBOpbJ
apeHnbl, 3aKJ1lOl.JeHHble ,no BBe,neHHSI B ,neHcTBHe 3Toro YKa3a, nO.ll)le)f(a-
nH nepeocPopMneHHIO H coxpaHSlnw COOIO cHny B \jaCTH, He npOTHBope-
l.JaweH naHHOMY YKa3Y.
113MeHeHHe HnH paCTOp)KeHHe 110rOBOpa B03MO)KHO TonbKO no B3a-
HMHOMY cornarneHHIO CTOpOH. TaK, CTOpOHbI no 110roBOpy apeHnbl, 3a-
KJ1IOLJeHHOMY Ha nSlTb neT, MOryr no cornarneHHIO Me)l(lly C060M npeKpa-
THTb ero ,neHCTBHe, He ,nO)KH,naSiCb HCTel.JeHHSI nsrrHneTHero cpOKa.. Hc-
KJ11O eHHSI "3 3Toro npaBHna MOryr 6blTb YCTaHOBJ1eHbl 3aKOHOM "J1H
,norOBOpOM. HanpWMep, B COOTBeTCTBHH CO CT. 87 )l(K noroBop HaMMa
)K"J1oro nOMeweH"SI MO)KeT 6blTb H3MeHeH no Tpe60BaHHIO HaHHMaTe-
neH 06 e,nwHSlI01l{HXCSI B O,nHY ce 1blO. B COOTBeTCTB"H )Ke co CT. 89 )I(K
HaHHMaTeJ1b )KHnoro nOMeweHHSI Bnpaoe C cornaCHSI 1UIeHOB ceMbH B
nlO6oe BpeMSI pacToprHyrb norOBOp HaftMa. B ,norOBOpe 06 OKa33HHH
IOpH,nH ecKHx YCJ1yr npe,nnpHHHMaTenH MOryr npe.nycMOTpeTb, I.JTO nlO6aSl
H3 CTOpOH BnpaBe B nlO6oe BpeMSI OTKa3aTbCSI OT noroBopa, npenynpe,nHB
06 3TeM ,npyrylO CTOPOHY 3a On"H MecSlU,no paCTOp)KeHHSI norOBopa.
B cJlYl.Jae O,nHOCTopOHHero OTKa3a OT HcnOnHeHJ1S1 ,noroBopa nonHO-
CTblO Hn" l.JaCTH HO, Kor,na TaKOM OTKa3 llonYCKaeTCSI 33KOHO 1 "J1H co-
rnaUJeHHeM CTOpOH, ,noroBop C4HTaeTCSI paCToprHyrblM Hn" H3MeHeH-
HbIM.. PeUJeHHe cy,na B 3THX cJly aSlx He Tpe6YeTCSI.
B COOTBeTCTBHH C n. 2 CT. 424 rK H3MeHeH"e ueHbl nocne 3aKJ1lO-
1.JeHHSI ,noroBopa nonYCKaeTCSI B cJly aSlx " Ha YCJlOBHSlX, npe,nycMoT-
53
peHHblX llOrOBOpOM, 33KOHOM l1w60 B YCTaHOBJ1eHHOM 3aKOHOM nOpflll-
Kea 3Ha....eHWe 3TOrO npaBI111a TPYllHO nepeOueHI1Tb B YC110BI1S1X "HQ>nR-
U"".. ECl1H 6bl lleticTBOBaJJO o6wee npaB"110 0 HeB03MO)KHOCT" W3MeHe-
HHR ueHbl B llOrOBOpe, YLJaCTH"K" rpa)l(J13HCKOrO 060pOTa, nO,nBep}f(eH-
HOrO WHct>nSlUWOHHbIM npOUeCC3M, 0K33anWCb 6bl B LJpe3Bbl....aHHO CJlO}f(-
HOM n0110)l{eHW". 11M np"W110Cb 6bl npOrH03WpOBaTb YPOBeHb "HQ>nH-
UW" Ha MOMeHT paC....eTOB no 1l0rOBOpy, C TeM \jT06b1 B MOMeHT 3aKJ1lO-
....eH"SI 1l0rOBopa YCTaHOB"Tb pa3YMHYIO ueHY, ....TO HeBepOSITHO CJlO)KHO,
a nopOH H HeB03MO)KHOa B C"l1Y 3Toro HOBblH rK YCTaHaBJI"BaeT npa-
B"110, ,nonYCKalO1lI.ee B03MO)KHOCTb npellYCMOTpeTb B ,norOBope Cl1YlJ3" H
YC110BWH, npH KOTOpblX B03MO}f(HO H3MeHeHI1e ueHbl. TaK, npH 33KJ11O-
LleHW" ,norOBopa no,npSllla crOpOHbl Moryr YCTaHOB"Tb, LITO 0603Ha4eH-
HaSl B .norOBope ueHa nODJIe)K"T "3MeHeH"1O nponOpU"OHaJJbHO "3Me-
HeH"1O pblH04HbiX UeH Ha 060py,nOBaH"e, MaTep"anbl " pa60Tbl. 113Me-
HeH"e ueHbl ,nonYCKaercSi " B cl1y....aSlX, npellYCMOTpeHHblX 33KOHOM 111111
B ycraHOBJ1eHHOM 3aKOHOM nOpSlJ1Ke. TaK, B COOTBeTCTB"" C n. 3 CT. 31
3aKoHa Pel> «06 aBTopcKOM npaBe H CMe)KHbIX npaBax)} YCTaHOBJ1eHHble
npaBwTel1bCTBoM POCC"HCKOH <I>ellepaU"" M"H"ManbHb.e CTaBK" aB-
TopcKoro BOJHarpa)KJ!eH"SI "HlleKC"PYIOTCSI o,nHOBpeMeHHO C HH,neKca-
u"eit MWH"MaJlbHbIX pa3MepOB 3apa6oTHoH n113TbJ.
B Tex CJ1Y\j3HX Korlla B03MO}f(HOCTb "3MeHeH"SI "1111 paCTOp}f(eHHH
,norOBopa He npeJ1YCMOTpeHa 3aKOHOM "11" ,norOBopOM " CTOPOH3M" He
,noCT"rHyro 06 3TOM COfl1aWeH"e, ,noroBop MO)KeT 6blTb "3MeHeH Hl1"
pacToprHyr no Tpe6oBaHwIO OllHOH 113 CTOpOH TOl1bKO no peWeHl110 cy,na
" TOl1bKO B cnellYIOWHX cJlY\jaSlx:
....
. npw cywecTBeHHOM HapYUJeHH" JIOrOBOpa ,nPyro" CTOpOHOH;
. B CBSlJ" C cYWecTBeHHblM W3MeHeH"eM 06CTOflTeJJbCTB, "3 KOTO-
pblX CTOpOHbl I1CXOllWJ1H np" 3aKJlIOLlCH"" ,norOBopa;
. B "HbIX cl1y aSlx, npellYCMOTpeHHblX 33KOHOM "l1W ,norOBopOM
(CT. 450, 451 rK).
CyweCTBeHHblM np"3HaeTCH HapyUJeHwe ,norOBOpa OllHOH "3 CTOpOH,
KOTopoe BJ1e4eT .lJ)ISI llpyroi1 CTOpOHbl TaKOM ywep6, ....TO OH3 B 3Haq"-
Tel1bHOH CTeneHW J1"WaeTCH Toro 9 Ha LITO 6bl113 BnpaBe paCC....HTbIBaTb
npH 3aKJ1lO....eH"" ,norOBOpa. TaK, eCJI" Me)KJ!y 3KU"OHepHbIM 06weCTBOM
" aYllHTopCKoti CPHpMOii JaKJ1IOLleH norOBOp H3 OKa3aH"e ay,nI1TopcK"X
YCJlyr, a nOCJ1e npOBelleHHOW aYll"TOpCKOH npOBepK" HMorOB3S1 HHcneK-
UHSI o6HapY)I{"na HapYUJeH"SI B 06J1aCT" HMorOBoro 33KOHo,naTel1bCTBa,
Ha KOTopb.e He 06paT"na BHWM3H"SI aYllWTOpCK3S1 ct>"pMa, aKUWOHepHoe
06weCTBO BnpaBe no CYllY TpC60BaTb paCTOp)KeHHSI J10rOBOpa Ha OK33a-
HHe aYDJtToPCKWX ycnyr. K cywecTBeHHblM H3pYUJeHHSlM 1l0rOBopa Kyn-
l1"-npo,na)f(" np"B3TH3"pOBaHHoro 06DeKT3 CYllbi OTHOCSIT OTKa3 nOKyn3-
TeJlSl OT BHeCeH"Sf nl1aTe)Ka 3a np"06peTeHHblti "M 061JeKT np"B3T"Ja-
U"l1, a TaK)Ke HapyweHHe YCJ10B"H, Ha KOTOpblX 06l>eKT np"BaT"3auW"
54
npH06peTeH no KOHKypcyl. CyweCTBeHHoe H.JMeHeHHe 06CTOSlTeJlbCTB, H3
KOTOpblX CTOpOHbl HCX011HnH npH 3aKJ1lOlJeHHH !10rOBOpa, TOJlbKO B TOM
CJ1}'\1ae SlBJ1HeTCSI OCHOBaHHeM JI}1S1 H3MeHeHHR HnH paCTOp)KeHHSI 110rOBO-
pa" eCJ1H HHoe He npen.YCMOTPeHO 110rOBOpoM Hnl1 tie BblTeKaeT 113 ero
CYllleCTBa. TaK, H3 cyweCTBa 110rOBopa CTPaXOBaHHSI BbiTeKaeT, IJTO OH
33KJ1IOLJeH Ha cJlYLJaw HaCTynneHHSi BepOSITHbIX, HO Henpe,nBH11eHHbIX CO-
6b1TI1", COCT3BJIS1IOlU.HX crpaxoBoft CJlYLJ3H.. n03TO fY ,ll3)Ke eCJ111 TaKHe
C06blTHSI CTaJll1 B03.IHKaTb B MaCCOBOM nopSlllKe, 3TO He HBJ1S1eTCSI OCHO-
BaHHeM JI}1S1 paCTOp}l(eHHR HnH H3MeHeHHSI .noroBOpa ClpaXOBaHHR no
Tpe60B3HHIO CTpaxoBWHK3. 8 caMOM !10rOBOpe ape H11bl HMywecTBa MO-
)KeT 6blTb npe.nYCMOTPeHO, LITO OH He nODJIe}l(HT 113MeHeHHIO HRI1 pac-
TOp)KeHHIO 11a}f(e B TOM cnYlJae, eCJlH YCJ10BMSI nOJlbJOB3HHSI apeH110BaH-
HblM HMyrneCTBoM cyweCTBeHHO yxynlllHRHCb. B OCT3JIbHbIX CJ1YLJa x cy-
weCTBeHI.loe H3MeHeHHe 06CTOSITenbCTB SlBJ1S1eTCSI OCHOBaHHeM nJ1S1 113Me-
HeHHSI HnH p3CTOp)KetIHSI 110rOBop3.
H3MeHetiHe 06CTOSlTenbCTB npl13t-laeTcSI cYllleCTBeHHbIM, Kor113 OHH
H3 1eHHJlI1Cb HaCTonbKO, 1.JTO, eCJ1H 6bl CTOpOHbl MOrJlH 3TO pajYMHO
npen.BI111eTb, DorOBOp Bo06111e He 6blJl 6bl HMH 3aKJ1IOLJeH HnH 6bln 6bl
3aKJ1lOl.JeH Ha 3HaI.JHTellbHO OTnHLJalOll.lHXCSI YCJ10BHSlX.
TaK, OCHOBaHHeM DJlSI H3MeHeHHSI DorOBopa apeHJ!bl nO 1eweHHSI
non. rOCTMHI1UY 6yneT pe3Koe COKpaweHHe npHTOKa TYpl1CTOB BCJ1eJ!CT-
BHe 113MeHCHHSI 3KOnOrHlJeCKI1X ycn08Hi1_ 8 3TOM cnytjae CTOpOl-fbi MO-
ryr np""TH K corllallleHHIO 06 H3MeHeHHH llor080pa apel-fllbl, B COOT-
BeTCTBI1H C KOTOpblM 3peH113Topy 6YlleT npe11ocTaW1eHo npaBo cnaB3Tb
apeHDoBaHHble nOMelueHHSI B cy6apet-I.llY nOJ! O<PHCbl. OCHoBat-IHeM ,l]J1S1
paCTOp)KeHJ.1H 110roBopa apeHn.bl MO)KeT nOCJlY)KHTb 3eMneTpSlceHHe, B
pe3ynbTaTe KOToporo apeH,noB3HHoe nOMeweHHe nonY'-lHno T3KI1e no-
Bpe)KJ].eHHSI" npH KOTOpblX OHO CTaJJO HenpHro,nHbl f DJlSI Hcnonb30BaHHSI
no H33HaLJeHHIO H lie nODJIe)KHT BOCCTal-lOBJ1eHMJO. 8 TaKO" CJ.1TYaUHH
apeH110llaTenb H apeH113Top MOryr npHMTH K cornaweHHIO 0 DOCpOLIHOM
npeKparneHHH lloroBopa 3peH11bl.
EcnH >Ke c.rop0l-Ibi He ,noc.rHrnH cornallleHHSI 0 npHBel1el-fHH ,norOBO-
pa B COOTBeTCTBHe C cywecTBeHHO H3MeHHBWI1MI1CSI 06CTOSITenbCTB3MH
.
HnH 0 ero paCTOp>KeHHH, TO 33HHTepeCOB3HHaH B paCTOp)KeHHH DorOBO-
pa CTopOHa BnpaBC nOTpe60BaTb no CY11Y paCTop)t(eHHSI 110rOBop3 npH
HaJJM"'HH Ol1HOBpeMCHHO CJ1en.YIOWl1x ycnoBHH:
. B MOMeHT 33KJ1lOlJeHHSI !10rOBOp3 CTOpOHbl HCX011Hnl1 H3 Toro,
LJTO TaKoro H3MeHeHI1S1 06CTOSlTeJ1bCTB t.le np0J.130Hn. e T;
I nYHKT 59 nOCTaHOBJ1CHliH nneHYMa BCpxo8Horo Cyn.a POCC""CKO" $encpau"
nJ1CHYMa Bblcwero Ap6"Tpa>KHoro Cy.na POCC "CKO" <Den.cpaUHH OT I HlOnSl 1996 r
N2 6/8 «0 HCKOTOpblX Bonpocax. CBSl3aHHbiX C np MeHCHlteM liaCTH nepoo" rpa>K-
D.aHCKOro KonCKca POCCHMCKOii <DcncpaU"H).
55
. "3l\1eHeH"e 06CTOHTenbCTB Bbl3BaHO np"4"HaM". KOTOpble 3a-
"HTepeCOBaHHaSi CTopOHa He 10rna npe0110neTb nocJle HX B03-
HI1KHOBeHI1S1 npH TOW CTCneH" 3a60Tn"BOCT" H OCMOTp"TenbHO-
CTH, KaKaSi OT Hee Tpe60BanaCb no xapaKTepy orOBopa 11 ycno-
B"SI M 060P0T3;
. "CnOJ1HeHHe orOBopa 6e3 "3MeHeH"H ero YCJ10B"" HaCTOJIbKO
HapYUJ"no 6b1 COO.fBeTCTBYlOlUee 1l0rOBOPY COOTHOUJeH"e "MY-
weCTBeHHblX "HTepeCOB CTOpOH " nOBJ1eKJIO 6bl J])1H 3a"HTepe-
COBaHHOH CTOpOHbI TaKoti ywep6, \jTO OHa B 3HalJ"TenbHoti CTe-
IIeH" n"llll1naCb 6bl Toro, Ha LITO 6blna BnpaBe paCC\j"TbIBaTb
npH 3aKJ1104eH"" n.orOBopa;
· H3 06bl\jaeB enOBoro 060pOTa HnH cywecTBa 06H3aTenbCTBa He
B biTe KaeT, lJTO P"CK H3MeHCH"SI 06CTOSJTenbCTB HeceT 3a"HTepe-
COBaH HaSl CTopOHa.
ECJl" CY,ll BbIHOC"T peweHHC 0 paCTOp>KeH"H ,llOrOBOpa BCJlellCTBHe
cyw.eCTBeJ-IHO "3MeH"Blll"XCSI o6croSiTenbCTB, OH no Tpe60BaHI11O nlO-
60" H3 CTOpOH On)l(eH onpe,llenHTb nocneDCTB"SI paCTOp)f(eH"SI llorOBO-
pa, "CXOJlSl 113 He06xOllHMOCT" cnpaBeDllHBoro pacnpeDeneHI1S1 Me)l()ly
cTOpOHaM" pacxOllOB, nOHcceHHblX HM" B CBSlJ" C "Cn0J1HeH"e 1 3Toro
1l0rOBopa. TaK, B np"Be,lleH HOM np"Mepe 0 paCTOp)l(eHH" orOBOpa
apeH bl nO leweHHSI, apeH OBaHHoro no rOCT"HI1UY, CYll Bnpaoe B3bl-
CKaTb C apeHllaTopa B nOllb3Y apeHllO,llaTenSi apeH,llHYIO nnal)', He BHe-
ceHHYIO 3a IlepHOllllO JeMneTpSlCeH"SI, Hn" 06S13aTb apeHllODaTenSi Bep-
Hyrb apeHnaTOpy apeHllHYIO nnaTY, BHeceHHYIO 3a nep"OA nocne 3eMne-
TpSiceHHSI.
B OTn"lJ"e OT paCTOp}f(eH"SI HJMeHeH"e orOBopa B CBSf3" C cywe-
cTBeHHblMH "3MeHeH"Si 1" 06cTOSITenbCTB DonYCKaeTCSI no peUJeH"1O
CYDa rip" HillI"4H" ODHOBpeMeHHO Tex )f(e caMblX ycnOB"" TOJIbKO B
"CKJ1I01.IHTeJ1bHbIX cnY4aSlX. Kor a paCTOp)KeH He orOBopa npOT"BOpe4"T
06weCTBeHHbiM "HTepCCaM n"60 nOBJ1elJeT DJlSI CTOpoH ywep6, 3HaLfH-
TenbliO npeBbllllalOW"ti 3aTpaTbl, He06xODHMble D.J1S1 "CnOJIHeHI1Sf .noro-
Bopa Ha H3MeHeHHbiX CYllOM ycnOB"SlX.
,AoroBop, MO>KeT 6b1Tb pacToprHyr HnH H3MeHeH no Tpe60BaJi"1O
O,llHOH H3 CTOpOH no pCllle.i"1O cyn.a " B "HbIX cnY4aSlX, npe,llYCMOTpeH-
HblX 3aKOHOM Hn" ,llorOBopOM.. TaK, B COOTBeTCTBI1" CO CT. 98 )I(K Hati-
Mo aTenb B cy.ae6HoM nopSlllKe BnpaBe TPe60BaTb paCTOp)l(eHHSI orOBO-
pa >K"n"lllHOrO HaHMa " BbICeJleH"SI HaH"MaTenSl, eCJ1H HaHHMaTenb
C"CTe 1aTH4eCKH pa3pYlllaeT "n" nopTHT >Kl1noe nOMeweH"e.
nOpHJJ.OK H3MeHeHHSI H pacrop>KeHHJI }toroBOpa. J113MeHeH"e H paCTOp-
)f(eH"e orOBOpa't TaK >Ke KaK " ero 3aKJ1IOLfeH"e, n01l411HSlIOTCSI onpelle-
neHHblM npaBHnaM. npe)l(l].e Bcero, e"CTB"SI no "3MeHeHHIO HJ1H pac-
u '-'
TOp>KeH"1O orOBopOB no CBOC" IOp"ll"LfeCKO" np"po e HBJ1S1IOTCSI cneJl-
KaM". CJlellOBaTenbHo, K H"M np"MeHSIIOTCSI 06wMe npaBMna 0 COBep-
UJeH"" cnenOK, B 113CTHOCTH npaB"na 0 cpopMe COBepUJetl"SI CnenOK. Ha-
56
PSfl1Y C 3THM K H3MeHeHHIO H paCTOp)l{eHHIO nOrOBOp08 npHMeHSIIOTCSI 11
CneUHa11bHble npa8Hna t OTHOCSIWHeCSI K Q>OpMe HX C08eprneHHSI. B COOT-
BeTCTBHH C n. I CT. 452 rK corl1arneHHe 06 H3MeHeJ-II1H HnH paCTOp)f(e-
HHH lloroBop3 c08eprn3eTCSI B TO" )f(e Q>opMe, liTO H J1.0roBOp eCJlH H3
3aKOHa, HHblX npaB08blX aKTOB, norOBopa HJ1H 06b1IJae8 nen080ro 060po-
T3 He 8blTeKaeT HHoe. TaK, eCJ1H norOBOp apeHnbl 3aKJllOIJeH 8 nHCbMeH-
HOW Q>opMe, TO W ero HJMeHeHHe HnH paCTOp)KeHWe T310Ke .nOO>KHbl 6blTb
COBepweHbl 8 nHCbMeHHoi1 Q>opMe. ECJlH CTOpOHbl HOTapHanbHO YJ1.0CTO-
Bepl1nH J1.0r080p apeHJ1.bl, TO ero H3 ieHeHHe HnH paCTOp}f(eHHe TalOKe
110n)f(Hbl 6blTb HOTapHaJJbHO y OCTOBepeHbl. no CBOe" IOpHllH4eCKOH
npHpone neHCTBWSI CTOpOH no H3MeHeHHIO HnH paCTOp)l{eHHIO .llOrOBopa
SlBJ1S1IOTCSI He TonbKO cnenKOH, HO H norOBopoM, nOCKOl1bKY OHH npen-
CTaBJ1HIOT c060ti cornarneHHe nwu, HanpaBJ1eHHOe nw60 Ha H3MeHeHHe,
nH60 Ha npeKpaweHHe rpa>KllaHCKI1X npaB W 06S13aHHocTeti. B CHJ1Y 3Toro
OHM non\jHI-ISIIOTCSI 06WHM npaBHnaM 0 nopSlllKe 3aKJ1IO eHHSI 1l0r080p08.
HHOH nopHllOK I1JMeHeHHSI wnH paCTOp)KeHHSI J1.0rOBOpa YCTaHOBJ1eH
DJlSf Tex CJlY'-Iae8. Kor.lla norOBOp H3MeHSleTCH HJ1H p3CTopraeTCSI He no
cornaweHHIO CTOpOH, a no Tpe6oBaHHIO onHOH 113 HHX. EeJlH 3TO TPe6o-
B3HHe onHpaeTCSI H3 OJ1.HO H3 oCHoBaHHH, H3J10)KeHHbIX Bblrne, nOpSlJ1.0K
H3MCHeHHSI HnH paCTOp)KeHHSI norOll0pa CJ1enylOlUW". 3aHHTepec08aHI-IaH
CTopOHa 06S13aHa HanpaBHTb n.pyroH CTOpOHe npeDJ10)f(eHHe 06 H3MeHe-
HHH Hnw paCTOp)f(eHHH J1.0rOBop3. ApyraSl CTopoHa 06S13aHa B CpOK, YKa-
3aHHblH B npeD.JIO)f(eHHH wnH YCTaHOBJ1eHHbIH B 3aJ<OHe wnH 8 1l0rOBope,
3 npH ero OTCyrCT8HH B 30-11HeBHbIH CpOK HanpaBHTb CTopOHe, cne-
na8wew npelU10)l{et-IHe 06 H3MeHeHHH HnH paCTOp)f(eHWH 1l0roBopa:
· )IH60 113Bew.eHHe 0 COr113CHI1 C npelU10)KeHl1eM;
. l1w60 H38ew.eHHe 06 OTKa3e OT npeD.JIO)l{eHI-1S1;
· nl160 W3BeweHwe 0 cornaCHW 113MeHHTb J1.0rOBOp Ha HHblX YCJlOBI1S1X.
B nep80M cnY'--Iae norOBOp CLfHTaeTCSI COOTBeTCTBeHHO HJMeHeHHblM
HnH pacToprHyrblM 8 MOMeHT nonY'-IeHHSI 1138eweHHSI 0 cornaCHH CTO-
POHO" ClleJla8UJeH npen.nO)KeHHe 06 H3MeHeHWH HnH paCTOp)KeHWH 110-
rOBopa. 80 8TOpOM cnY\.Iae, a TaK)I{e B cnY\j3e HenOJ1YLfeHWSI OT8eTa B
YCTaHOBJ1eHHbl" CpOK, JaHl-lTepeCOBaHHaSf cTopoHa Bnpa8e 06paTHTbCSI 8
cyn C Tpe608aHweM 06 H3MeHeHHH HnH paCTOp)l{eHHH noroBopa, KOTO-
Pbl" H pa3peWHT B03HWKrnH" cnop. B TpeTbeM cny ae CTOpOl-la, CJ1.e-
na8waSl npelUJO)KeHHe 06 H3MeHeHHH n.oroBopa, 10)f(eT cornaCHTbCSI C
npeD.JIO)l{eHHeJ\f KOHTpareHTa. B TaKoi1 cHTyauHH .n.OrOBOp C4HTaeTCSI
H3MeHeHHbiM Ha ycnoBI-1S1X npeJ1)lO)l{eHHblX KOHTpareHToM. EcnH CTO-
pOHa, cn.enaBwaH npe,nnO)KeHHe 06 H3MeHeHWH 1l0r080pa, He COrnaCI1T-
CSI co BCTpe'--lHblM npe1l)10)l{eHWeM KOHTpareHT3, OHa 8npaBe 06paTHTbCSI
B CY.ll C Tpe60BaH HeM 06 H3MeHeH HH norOBopa. B 3T0i1 CHTYaUHH YCJ10-
8H", non.ne}f(aWHe H3MeHeHHIO, 6ynyr onpeJ1.enSfTbCSI peweHHeM cYJ1.a.
B n. 2 CT. 452 rK oc060 nOllllepJ<HuaeTCSI, '-ITO Tpe608aHHe 06 H3-
MeHeHHW I1nw 0 paCTOp)KeHHW norOBopa MO)f(CT 6b1Tb 3aSlBJ1eHO CTOpO-
HOH 8 CYll TonbKO nOCJ1e nonYl.Jel-lHSI OTKa3a llpyroH CTOpOHbl Ha npell-
57
nO)l(eHHe H3MeHHTb WnH pacToprHyrb .n.OrOBOp nH60 HenOnYIJeHHSI OTBe-
,
Ta B CpOK. YKa3aHHblH B npeD.J10:>KetIHW HnH YCTaHOMeHHblH 3aKOHO 1
nH60 .n.orOBopOM, a npw ero OTcyrCTBHW B 30-nHeBHbl" CpOK. BMeCTe
C TeM cnenyeT HMeTb B BW.l1Y, IJTO Hen b3S1 paCTOprl-lyrb I1nH H3MeH HTb
Y>Ke HcnonHeHHblH 1l0rOBOp. D.eno B TOM, liTO ,llOrOBOp, TaK >Ke K3K H
OCHOBaHHoe Ha HeM 06S13aTenbCTBO, npeKpamaeTCH BcnellcTBHe WX H31l-
ne}f(aUlerO HcnonHeHHSI (CT. 408 rK). n03TOMY Henb3S1 paCTOprl-lyrb HnH
H3MeHWTb TO, lJero K MOMeHTY H3MeHeHHR HJ1H paCTOp)l(eHHSI y)Ke He
cywecTByeT. -raK.. ecnw CTOpOHbJ 3aKJ1IOIJWnl1 JlOrOBOp KynnH-npOlla>KH
KBapTl1pbl B YCTaHOBJ1eHHOM 3aKOHOM nopSlllKe, a 3aTeM HcnonHwnH
3TOT norOBOp (npOllaBeu nepenan B c06CTBeHHOCTb nOKynaTeJJSI KBapTH-
py, a nOCJ1eJlHHH 3anJ1aTWn npo.n.aBUY nOKynHYIO ueHY), TO B .n.anbHe"-
weM OHH He Moryr npHHTH K cornaweHHIO 06 H3MeHeHHH HnH pacTop-
>KeHWH 3Toro ,llorOBopa, nocKonbKY OH npeKp3THn C80e cymecTBoBaHHe
B MOMeHT ero HanJle:>KaWero HCnOJlHeHHSI.
nOCJleJlCTBHSI H3MeHellHR H paCTOp)KeHHJI )1oroBopa. B cnYl.Jae J.13Me-
HeHWSI ,llorOBopa cooTBeTcTBYIOWWM 06pa30M MeHSle.rcSI W cO,llep:>KaHHe
o6S13aTcnbcTBa, OCHOIJaHHOrO Ha llaHHOM 1l0roBope.. npw 3TOM 06S13a-
TenbCTBO H3MeHSleTCSI B TOH l.JaCTH, B K3KOH 6blJ1 H3MeHel-I ne>KaWHH B
ero OCHOBe norOBOp.. TaK" ecnH CTOpOHbl B 1l0roBope nOCTaBKH corna-
CHnHCb C TeM, liTO nOCT3BWHK BMeCTO Tooapa nepBoro copTa fiYJleT no-
CTaBJ1S1Tb TOBap BToporo copTa, TO nOKynaTenlO 6y.n.eT npWHaLUle>KaTb
npaBO Tpe60lJaTb OT nOCTaBlilHKa nOCTaBKH TOBapa BToporo, a He nep-
Boro copTa. B OCTaBWe"CSI 1.JaCTH YCJ10BWSI 1l0rOBopa (HanpHMep't CpOKW
nOCTaBKW, accopTWMeliT, KOnWIJeCTBO TOBapa, ynaKoBKa W T.n.) coxpa-
HSlIOTCSl B npe)l(HeM Bl1ne, a CT3J10 6blTb, B npe>KHeM BHlle Coxp3HSleTCSI
COOTBeTCTBYlOwee 3THM ycnOBHSlM COnep>KaHHe 06S13aTenbCTBa nOCTaB-
KW. npH paCTOp:>KeHHI1 norOBopa OH npeKpawaeT CBoe lle"CTBHe, H BMe-
CTe C 3THM npeKpawaeTCSI H OCHOB3HHoe Ha HeM 06S133TenbCTBO. C 3TO-
ro MOMeHTa CTOpOHbl nHrnalOTCSI npHHaane>KaWHX HM B cwny 06S13fl-
TenbCTBa npaB 11 OCB060)l()lalOTCSI OT ne>KaWHX Ha HWX 06S13aHHOCTeH.
Ecnl1 H3MeHeHHe wnw paCTOp:>KeHHe .n.orOBopa np01130WJ10 no B3aHMHO-
\1Y cornaweHHIO CTOpOH, TO OCHooaHHoe Ha HeM 06S1JaTenbCTBO COOT-
BeTCTBYIOWHM 06p330M H3MeHSleTCSI HnH npeKpawaeTCSI C MOMeHTa 3a-
KJ1IOIJeHHSI CTopOHaMH COrJlaWeHHR 06 H3MeHeHHH HnH paCTOp)l(eHJ1H
norOBopa. OllHaKo WHoe npaBHno MO)f(eT BblTeKaTb H3 CO,llep)l(aHWSI co-
rnaweHHSI Hnl1 xapaKTepa 113MeHeHWSI norOBopa. TaK B npHBe.n.eHHOM
Bblwe npl1Mepe CTOpOl-lbl Moryr npH"TH K cornarneHWIO 0 TOM, lJTO no-
CTaBKa TOBapa BToporo copTa 6YlleT npOH3Bo.n.HTbCSI C I-ro I.JHCna MecSI-
ua, cnenYlOlllero 3a TeM, B KOTOpOM CTOpOHbl nOCTHrnH cornaweHHSI 06
H3MeHeHI1 H noroBopa nOCTaBKH.
npH H3\feHeHHH wnH paCTOp>KeHWH noroBopa B cy.n.e6HoM nopSlllKe
OCHOBaHHoe Ha HeM 06S13aTenbCTBO COOTBeTCTBeHHO W3MeHJ.leTCSI Hnl1
npeKpalllaeTCSI C MOMeHTa BcrynneHHSI B 3aKOHHYlO CHJ1Y peweHHSI CYlla
06 HJMeHeHHW HnH paCTOp:>KeH"H norOBopa.
58
nOCKOnbKY 110 113MeHeHHSI HnH paCTOp)f(eHHSf 110rOBOpa nOCJle.aHH"
Mor 6blTb B onpeneJleHHoft LlaCTH HcnonHeH CTopOHaMH, B03HHKaeT BO-
npoc 0 cynb6e Toro, liTO Y)I(e 6blno HcnonHeHO no 1i3MeHeHHSI HnH pac-
TOp)KeH"SI JIOrOBopa. no 06weMY npaBHl1Y. CTOpOHbl He BnpaBe Tpe60-
BaTb B03BpaUleHHH Toro, LITO 6blno HcnonHeHO HMH no 06S13aTenbCTBY
no MOMeHTa H3MeHeHHSI Hl1H paCTOp)l(eHHSI 110rOBopa. TaK, eCJlH CTOpO-
Hbl no 110rOBoPY apeHnbl npHwnH K cornaweHHIO 0 TOM, liTO CO cne-
'-'
nYlOwero MeCHua BenH'IHHa MeCSl4HOli apeH,nHoH nnaTbi CHH)I(aeTCH Ha
10%. TO apeH113TOp He BnpaBe Tpe60BaTb C apeHJlOnaTenSl B03BpaTa 10%
OT Tex CYMM apeHHHOH nnaTbl, KOTopble 6blnH BHeceHbl 110 MOMeHTa
.
H3MeHeHHSI norOBopa apeH11bl. 8MeCTe C TeM "HOe npaBHno MO)KeT 6blTb
npenYCMOTpeHO 3aKOHOM I1RH cornaweHHeM CTOpOH. TaK, B npHBe,neH-
HOM npHMepe CTOpOHbl MOryr ycnoBHTbCSI, LITO H3JJHWHe Bblnn3'-1eHH3S1
110 MOMeHTa H3MeHeHHSI norOBopa apeHnHaH nnaTa nODJIe)l(HT B03BpaTY
ape HnaTOpy .
ECJ1H JIOrOBOp 6bln H3MeHeH J.1nH pacToprHyr BcnenCTBHe cywecT-
BeHHoro HapYUJeHI1S1 ero YCJlOBH" onHOH H3 CTOpOH, JlpyraSi CTopOHa
Bnp3Be Tpe60BaTb B03MeweHHSI y6bITKOB, npHl'HHeHHblX H3MeHel-iHeM
HnH paCTOp}f(eHHeM ,norOBopa (n. 5 CT. 453 rK).
3.5. KOHTpOJ1b 30 f;1CnOJ1HeHf;1eM AorOBOpo
PaCCMOTpeB BonpOCbl npaBOBoro perynHpoBaHHSI norOBopHOH pa-
60Tbl, He06xODHMO OTMeTHTb, 4TO ee 3Ha1.leHHe 33KJ1IOLlaeTCSI B Bbl-
nonHeHHH 06S13aTel1bCTB cTopOHaMH (KpenHTOp H 110n)KHHK), 3aKJ1lO-
tlHBWHMH Te HnJ.1 HHbie norOBOpbJ. 06S13aTenbCTBa 3aKJ1104a1OTCSI DJlH
Toro. 4T06bl npHBeCT" K onpe11eneHHOMY pe3ynbTaTY, HanpJ.1Mep no-
nY'-l"Tb, H3rOTOBHTb Hl1 H OTpeMOHTHpOBaTb KaKYIO-nI160 BeUlb, '-ITO
nOCTHraeTcSI peaJIH3aUHeH .llOn)KHHKOM H KpenHTopOM npaB H 06Sf3aH-
HOCTew, COCTaBJ1S1IOW"X COnep)l(aHHe 06S13aTenbCTBa. KaK Y)Ke rOBopH-
nOCb, CODep)l(aHHe 06S13aTenbcTBa COCTaBJ1S1eT COBcpweHHe onp e l1 e -
neHHblX ,neHCTBJ.1H nH60 B03J].ep)f(aHHe OT l1eitcTBH". Me)K)lY TeM HC-
nOnHeHJ.1e 06H3aTenbcTBa MO)f(eT ocyweCTBJ1S1TbCSI HMeHHO nYTeM aK-
THBHblX eHCTBJ.1i1, TaKJ.1X. KaK nepel1al.Ja HMywecTBa, BblnonHeHHe pa-
60Tbl, ynnaT3 neHer, COBepweHHe HHblX HMywecTBeHHblX npe.aOCTaB-
neHHH. Co6CTBeHHO B0311ep)KaHHe OT eHCTBH" He COCTaBJ1SieT aBTO-
HOMHOH 06S13aHHOCTH nOn)l(H"Ka, a nl1llib 110nOnHSfeT 06S13aHHOCTH no
COBepweHHIO aKTHBHblX l1e"CTBH"
JIei1cTBHSI.. KOTopble nOll11e)l(aT HcnonHeHHIO, pa3JlH4Hbl H 3aBHCSlT
OT KOHKpeTHoro COnep)l(3HHH 06S13aTenbCTBeHHoro OTHoweHHSI. no-
CKonbKY 3aKOHOM npenYCMOTPeHa B03MO)KHOCTb B03HHKHOBeHHSI 06S13a-
TenbCTB. He TonbKO npSlMO npenYCMOTpeHHblX 3aKOHOM, HO H HHbIX, He
npOTHBopet.Jall.lHX 06Ul"M HallanaM H cMblcny rpa aHCKoro 3aKOHO.lla-
TeJlbCTBa, nepeLleHb 06S133HHOCTeH nOn)KliHKa B 3aKOHe He SlBJ1S1eTCSI
59
HClJepnblBalOlllHM. JlHlllb HaH60nee l.JaCTO BCTpeLialOWHeCSI l1.eHCTBHSI
llOn)l(HHKa B 3aKOHe Ha3BaHbl: nepen.alja HMywecTBa, ynnaTa ,neHer, Bbl-
nonHeHHe pa60Tbl. HeCMOTpSl H3 MHoroo6pa3He pa3J1I11.JHbIX neticTBHM,
COBeplllaeMblX llOnJKHHKOM, HX ocyweCTBJ1eHHe no,nIJHHSleTCSI 06mHM
npaBHJ1aM.. 06mHe npaBHna HcnonHeHHSI 06S133TenbCTB HMeHYIOTCSI
npl1HUHnaMH HCnOJ1HeHHSI 06S13aTeJ1bCTB.
!lei1cTBYlOmee rpa>KJJ.aHCKOe JaKOHo,naTeJ1bCTBO npe.ayCMaTpHBaeT
llBa npHHUHna HcnonHeHHSI 06S1JaTeJ1bCTB:
. npHHUHn HaLI)le)l(amero HcnonHeHHSI;
. npHHUHn peaJIbHOrO HCnOJlHeHI1S1.
npHHQHn HaAJle)Kaw.ero HCnOJlHeHHJI, npe.nyCMOTpeHHbli1 CT. 309 rKt
YCTaHaBJ1HBaeT, 1.JTO «o6S13aTenbCTBa ,non>KHbl HcnonHSlTbCSI HaLI,J1eJKa-
WI1M o6pa30M B COOTBeTCTBHH C YCJlOBHSlMH 06S13aTeJ1bCTBa H TPe6oBa-
HHSlMH 3aKOHa, HHblX npaBOBblX aKTOB t a npl1 OTCyrCTBHI1 TaKHX YCJlO-
BHH 11 Tpe6oBaHwi1 B COOTBeTCTBHW C 06bJI.JaSlMH lleJ10BOrO o6opoTa
HJ1H HHbIM" 06blIJHO npel1'bSlBJ1S1eMbIMH Tpe6oBaHHSlMH». npHHuHn HaIl-
ne>KalllerO HCnOJ1HeHHSI npellnOJ1araeT, I.JTO 06S13aTeJ1bCTBO ,non)f(HO 6blTb
wcnonHeHO Han;JeJKamHMH cy6oeKTaMH. B Han.ne)l(allleM MeCTe, B HaIl-
J1e)l(alllee BpeMSI, HaJ])1eJKaWHM npe.ll.MeTOM H HaLlJ1e)f(aWHM o6pa30M.
npHHnHn pe3JIbHoro HCnOJlHeHHJI c$opMynHpoBaH B CT. 396 rK H 8
KaijeCTBe 06111ero npaBHJ1a npel1nHCblBaeT 06S13aTeJ1bHOCTb HcnonHeHHSI
06S13aTeJlbCTBa B HaType, T.e. COBepUJeHHe JIOnJKHHKOM HMeHHO Toro
Dei1cTBHSI, KOTopoe COCTaBJ1S1eT COllep>KaHHe 06S13aTeJ1bCTBa 6eJ 3aMeHbi
3Toro llei1cTBHSI lleHe>KHblM 3KBWBaJleHTOM B BHlle B03MellleHI1S1 y6blT-
KOB H ynJ1aTbl HeYCTOHKH. B TO >Ke BpeMSI J1ei1CTBwe npHHUHna peanb-
Horo HcnonHeHHSI 06S1JaTenbCTBa B CT. 396 rK CY>KeHO. EcnH ynnaTa
Heycroi1KH H B03MeweHHe y6blTKOB B cJlYLIae HeH3J1J1e)f(3wero HCnOJl-
HeHHSI 06S13aTeJIbCTBa He OCBo6o>KJJ.aIOT Don)l(HHKa OT I1CnOnHeHHSI o6S1-
3aTeJ1bCTBa B HaTYpe, eCJ1H HHoe He npe.ayCM01peHO 33KOHOM "lIH DorOBO-
pOM, TO Ha CJ1}'\1aH HeHcnonHeHHSI o6S13aTeJ1bCTBa c<t><>PMynHpo aHO I1HOe
npaBHno: B03MemeHI1e y6bITKOB H YnJ1arn HeYCTOHKH 3a HeHCnOJlHeHHe
06S1JaTeJ1bCTBa oC8060}l()!alOT 110J1>KHHKa OT HCnOJ1HeHHSI 06S1JareJIbCTBa B
HaTYPe, eCJ1" WHoe He npe,l1YCMOTJ)CHO 3aKOHOM HJ1H llorOBopoM.
06a npHHuwna HMelOT llHcn03HTHBHblW xapaKrep nOCKOObKY HOp-
Mbl.. B KOTOpblX OHH BOnnoweHbl, npe,nOCTaBJ1S1IOT CTopOHaM npaBO
cQ>opMynHpoBaTb npaBl1J1a HHble, ljeM YCTaHOBJ1eHHble 3aKOHOM. TaK B
CT. 309 rK npe,ayCMOTpeHO, I.JTO CTOpOHbl npe)K1le Bcero llOnJKHbl PYKO-
BOllCTBOBaTbCSI YCJlOBHSI 1H o6S13aTeJ1bCTBa, onpelleJ1S1eMbIMH CTOpOHaMI1,
H cymHocTblO caMoro o6S1JaTeJ1bCTBa, a TIllOKe TPe60BaHwSlMH 3aKOHa H
HHblX npaBOBblX aKTOB. CTaTbSl 396 rK npenYCMaTPHBaeT orOBopKY «eCJlH
HHoe He npellYCMOTPeHO 3aKOHOM "lIH DorOBopOM). POJ1b 06111HX npHH-
Ul1nOB "CnOJ1HeHHSI 06S13aTeJ1bCTB npOSlBJ1S1eTCSI B Tex CJlY"laSlX, Korlla CTO-
pOHbl He YCTaHaBJ1HBaIOT CneUHaJlbHblX npaBl1n HCnOJ1HeHHSI , KOTopble,
paJYMeeTCSI, YKa3aHHbiM npHHUHnaM He JlOl1)1(Hbi npOTI1BOpeIJHTb.
60
COOTHoweHHe npHHUHnOB Haane)K3rnerO H peaJ1bHOrO HcnOllHeHI1S1
06S13aTenbCTB He MO)l{eT 6blTb onpeneneHO KaK cy60pllHH3UHOHHoe. 06a
npHHUHna HMelOT caMOCTOHTenbHOe 3Ha'JeHHe, W HI1 O.LlHH He SlBJ1SfeTCSI
.l10MHHHpYIOlllHM no OTHoweHHIO K JIPyroMY. CKopee MO)KHO roBOpHTb
06 I1X B33HM006ycJ10B11eHHocTH. TaK, HeB03MO)l{HO npellCTaBI1Tb H3JIJle-
>Kal11ce HCnOJ1HeHHe 06Sf3aTeJI, bCTBa eCJ1W OHO He I1CnOJ1HeHO B Hal)'pe.
C .l1pyroH CTOpoHbl peanbHoe HcnonHeHHe He MO>KeT 6b1Tb HeH3l])1e>Ka-
I11HM, H60, nOKa 06S13aTeJ1bCTBO pa3BWBaeTCSI HOpMMbHO, 6e3 Hapywe-
u
HI1I1, peanbHoe HCnOOHeHHe npel1n0113raeT Hero HaLL11e)Kal11ee HcnonHC-
HHe. POOb npHHUHna peanbHoro HCnOJ1HeHHH npOHBJ1S1eTCSf B nOJ1HOH
Mepe B CJlYllae HeHMJle>KalllerO HCnOOHeHHSJ Korn.a 06J13aHHOCTb HCnOJl-
HHTb 06S133TeJlbCTBO B H3TYpe He CBSl3blBaeTCSI C Bbln11aTOH lleHe)KIIOW
KOMneHCaUI1H (y6b1TKOB HnH HeYCTOHKH). HCKJlIO'Jel-fl1eM H3 3Toro npa-
BH113 SlBJ1S1eTCSI cornaweHHe 06 OTCT)'nHOM (CT. 409 rK). B ycnoBHSlX Pbl-
.. "oil
HOIJHOH 3KOHOMWKH ynnaT311CHe)KHOH KOMneHCaUH", KaK npaBH110, no-
3B011S1eT CTopOHe npH06pecTH Tpe6yeMoe I..JMYlllCCTBO, pa60Tbl, YCJlyrH B
llPyroM MeCTe Y HHoro H3rOTOBHTenSJ. KpoMe Toro BCneLlCTBHe npocpo -
KH HCnOlTHeHHSJ Kpe.l1HTOp MO)KeT yrpaTHTb HHTepec B HCnOJ1HeHHH 06S1-
3aTenbCTBa. HanpHMep, eCJlH K CPOKY He CWHTO CBaLle6HOe nnaThe, elloa
11H DJlSI 3aK33 t ll1Ka HMeeT C'vfbICJ1 1l06HBaTbCSI HCnOOHeHHH 06SfJaTeJlbCTBa
B H3T)'pe nocne perl1CTPaUHH 6paKa. TaKHM 06pa30M, npHHUHn peanbHO-
ro I1Cno.nHeH"H coxpaHHeT C80e 3Ha'JeHHe B K34eCTBe 06111ero npaBHna,
KOTopoe MO>KeT 6blTb H3MeHeHO cornarneHHeM cropOH 11H60 BKJl104eHHeM
B llorooop ycnOBHSJ 06 on:rynHoM (n. 3 CT. 396 rK).
3aKOHOM npen.ycMoTf)eHbl OTllenbHble CJ1Y\.l3H npl1HYlll1TeJ1bl-lOrO wc-
nOllHeHHSf 06Sf:k TenbCTBa B HaTYpe. HanpHMep., HeHcnonHeHHe 06S13aHHO-
CTI1 nepe.aaTb HHllHBHl1yanbHo-OnpeneJ1eHHYIO Beillb npenOCTaB11S1eT KpeJ1.H-
TOPY npaBO TPe60B3Tb oT06p3HI1S1 3TOH Belll" 11 nepena'JH ee KpcnHTOpy Ha
npen.ycMoTf)eHHbIX 06SJ3aTeJlbCTBOM YCJlOBHSJX (CT. 398 rK). On.HaKo HeHC-
nOllHeHHe 06S1J3HHOCTI1 BblnOOHHTb onpenenel-IHYIO pa6oT)' npellnooaraCT
Y>Ke He Tpe60BaHHe 06 HCn011HeJ-lHI1 B HaT)'pe 9 a ynna-ry lleHe>KHOH KOM-
neHcaUHH 33 HCn011Hel-fHe pa60Tbi 111160 caMHM Kpe J1TopoM, 11H60 no ero
nopyt-leHHIO TpeTbHM J1HUOM (CT. 397 rK). Pa3J1H4HbIM non.xon JaKOHOJIa-
TeJ1SJ K npHHYllHTe11bHoMY HCnOJ1HeHHIO 06SJ3aTeJ1bCTBa B HaT)'pe 06YCJ10B-
neH caMOH npHpolloH 06SJ3aTeJtbCTBeHHbiX OTHOUJCHHH. l-teBo3MO>KHO o6SJ-
33Tb JIOJl>KHHKa npHHYllHTe11bHo coaepwHTb KaKoe-nH60 .l1e iCTBHe9 ecnM OH
He )KeJl3eT 3Toro llenaTb. EnHHCTBeHHoe. IJTO MO)KeT ero nOHYllHTb K CO-
oeprneHHIO Tf)e6yeMoro lleikTBHSI - HMyweC'TBeHHa5I caHKUHSJ, T.e. <t>aKTH-
IJeCKIi Ja\feHa HcnORHeHI1H 06S1JaTeJlbCTBa B Hal)'Pe lleHe}f(HOM KOMneHcaUH-
eM.. Cne110BaTe.nbHo, npl1HUl1n peaJlbHOrO HcnOllHeHHSI H ieeT Henocpencr-
BeHHoe npOSlBJleHl1e 11HWb B o6sJJaTeJlbCTBaX no nepellal.Je I1HllMBHD,y3JlbHO-
or1pen.eJ1e.JHbIX Berne", B HHblX )I{e 06SfJaTe.nbCTuax HCnOJ1HeHHe B HaT)'pe
COBnaaaeT C npI..JHUHnOM H3)]J1e)Kawero I1CnOJ1HeHI1S1.
61
C TO\lKM 3peHMSI npaBOBOH npHpOllbl HcnonHeHMe 06S13aTeJlbCTBa
SlBJ1jJeTCSI npaBOMepHblM BOJ1eBbiM .lleHCTBMeM, KOTOpOe BJ1e'-leT npeKpa-
weHMe 06S13aHHOCTI1 .nOJ1)1(HHKa. CJlenOBaTeJlbHO, MO)l(HO yrBep)KJ1aTb,
'-ITO MCnOJ1HeHl1e 06J13aTeJ1bCTBa SlBJ1S1eTCJI C.neJlKOM. O.A. KpaCaBlJMKOB
npMllep)l(MBaJlCJI MHOrO B3rnS1.na. no ero MHeHMJO, MCnOJ1HeHMe He SlBJ1S1-
eTCSI ClleJlKOM, nOCKOJ1bKY npaBOBNe nocne.nCTBMSI HacrynaIDT He3aBM-
CMMO OT Toro, 6blJ10 ne"CTBMe HanpaBJIeHO Ha 1l0CTM)I(eHMe 3TMX no-
cnenCTBI1H MJ111 HeT I . npe.nCTaBJ1S1eTCSI, OnHaKO, 'ITO nOJ1}1(HMK COBep-
waSi npe.nYCMOTpeHHoe 06S13aTeJ1bCTBOM JleMCTBMe, CTpeMMTCSI OCB060-
nMTb ce6J1 OT ne}l(allleH Ha HeM 06S13aHHOCTH. KpoMe Toro, MCnOJ1HeHMe
06J13aTenbCTBa npenCTaBJ1S1eT C060H MMeHHO TOT pe3YJlbTaT, K KOTOPOMY
CTOpOHbl CTpeM MJI MCb, nOCTM)I(eHMe 3Toro pe3YJlbTaTa SlBJ1S1eTCSI ueJlbID
CTOpOH 06S1JarenbCTBa. nOCKOJlbKY MCnOJ1HeHMe SlBJ1S1eTCSI CneJlKOH, TO K
HcnonHeHMID 06S13aTeJlbCTBa npMMeHJlIDTCSI 06Wl1e Tpe60B3HMSI K CO-
BepWeHI1JO CneJlOK. HCKJllOlIeHMe COCTaBJ1S1eT npaBI1J10 0 4>opMe c.nenOK.
B COOTBeTCTBI1M C n. 3 CT. 159 rK CneJlKM BO MCnOJ1HeHl1e nl1CbMeHHoro
norOBopa no COrJlaWeHMJO CTOpoH Moryr COBepwaTbCSI YCTHO.
I1cnonHeHMe 06bl'-lHO He CBOllMTCSI K COBepWeHI1ID KaKOrO-JlM60
onHoro .nei1cTBMSI. TaK, BblnOJ1HeHMe pa60Tbl COCTOHT 113 HeCKOJ1bKMX
nocnellOBaTeJ1bHO COBepwaeMblX nefiCTBl1ff, KOTopble npenCTaBnS1JOT co-
60" onpeneJ1eHHblM npouecc nonllac 3TOT npouecc 06YCJ10BJ1eH lle"CT-
BMSlMM KOHTJ)areHTa, Hanpl1Mep BO B3aHMHblX 06J13aTeJ1bCTBax. B 3TOM
cJ1YlJae rOBOps:lT 0 BCTpellHOM MCnOJlHeHMM 06S13aTeJlbCTBa (CT. 328 rK).
BCTpe'-lHblM npH3HaeTCSI MCnOJ1HeHHe o6S13aTeJ1bCTBa onHoii H3 CTOpOH,
Koropoe 06YCJ10BJleHO MCnOJ1HeHMeM o6S13aTeJ1bCTB llPyroH CTOpoHOt1.
TaK, nepena'-la HMywecTBa no norOBOpy KYnJlH-npOna)l(M o6ycJl0BJ1eHa
ynJ1aTOM nOKynHoH ueHbl, M Ha06opoT. 3aKoH npe)lOCTaBJ1J1eT CTopOHe,
cOBepwaIDweH BCTPellHOe MCnOJ1HeHHe, npl1OCTaHOBI1Tb MCnOJ1HeHMe
J1H60 OTKaJaTbCSI OT MCnOJ1HeHMA M nOTJ)e60B3Tb B03MeweHMSI y6bITKOB,
eCJlM 06ycJl0BJ1eHHOe .noroBOpoM HCnOJlHeHMe llPyroH CTOPOHOM He npe-
DOCTaBJleHO nM60 I1MeJOTCSI 06cToSlTeJ1bCTB3, CBl1neTeJ1bCTBYIDWMe 0 TOM
'-ITO TaKoe I1CnOJ1HeHMe He 6yneT npoH3BeneHO B YCTaHOBJ1eHHbIH CpOK.
HOpMbl 3aKOHa co.nep)l(aT npaBI1J1a, OTHOCSlUJ.MeCJI K COBepweHMID,
KaK npaBHno, KaKorO-TO onHoro neHCTBHSI, o.nHaKO TaKMe 06S13aTeJlbCT-
Ba BCTpe'-laIOTCS1 nOBOJ1bHO penKo. 06blIJHO 06J13aTeJlbCTBa MMeIDT CJ10)K-
Hoe COnep)l(aHMe, npe.nnonaraJOwee COBepweHMe Jl]IJI HcnonHeHMSI 06S1-
3aTeJ1bCTBa HeCKOnbKI1X neHCTBHH. npM CJ10>KHOM xapaKTepe B3al1MHbiX
06S13aTeJ1bCTB HMeeT 3HalleHMe, norawaeTCSI JIM McnonHeHMeM OT.neJ1b-
HOH lJaCTH 06S13aTeJ1bCTBa COOTBeTCTBYIDwaSi 06S13aHHOCTb 1l0n)l(HMKa M
KoppecnOHnHPYJOwee eH npaBO Kpelll1TOpa. npenCTaBJ1S1eTCSI, lJTO B3aM-
Mo06ycnOBJleHHOCTb KaKMX-JlI160 YCJlOBM" o6S13aTenbCTBa BnOJ1He .no-
1 CM.: CoeemCKoe rpa)KJlaHcKoe npaBO I non pCll. O. A. KpacastJHKooa: B 2 T. T. I.
M., 1985. C. 471.
.
62
nYCKaeT B03MO:>KHOCTb nOraWeHMH lJacrM 06S13aTeJ1bCTBa. HanpHMep7
,.
npM COBepWeHI1M nOKynaTeJ1eM no .nor080py KynJ1M-npo.na)l(M .neHCTBMSI
no ynJ13Te npo.n3BUY nOKynHoM ueHbl 06S13aHHOCTb nOKynaTeJ1S1 npe-
KpawaeTCSI. Ha ero CTopOHe ocraeTCJI TOJlbKO npaBO Tpe60BaTb nepe.na-
1111 eMY BelllM M ero c06CTBeHHas:l 06S13aHHOCTb npl1liJlTb BeWb.. Bce npa-
Ba M 06s:13aHHOCTM, OTHOCSlWMecSi K ynJ1aTe ueHbl, MClJepnaHbl.
nOp .nOK COBepweHMSI .nOJl)l(HI1KOM .neHCTBI1" no I1CnOJ1HeHMIO 06S1-
33TeJ1bCTBa MMeHyeTcSI cnoc060M ero McnORHeHMSI. TaK, 06S1JaTeJlbCTBO
MO)l(eT 6blTb HcnORHeHO pa30BbiM aKTOM'I H3npMMep o.nHOKpaTHOH yn-
naTO" BCe" .neHe)l(HO" CYMMbl npl1 KynJ1e-npon.a:>Ke J11160 nepMon.MlJe-
CKI1MH nJl3Te)l(3MI1 no Kpe.nI1THoMy .norOBOPY. KaKow cnoc06 I1CnOnl e-
HMs:I M36paH cTOpOHaMI1, OHI1 .nOJl)l(Hbl onpe.neJ1I1Tb npM B03HMKHOBeHMI1
06S133TeJlbCT8a. ECJlI1 CTOpOHbl cnoc06 liCnOJ1HeHMJI He onpe.neJ1HnM,
Kpe.nMTOp BnpaBe He npHHI1MaTb HCI10J1HeHHJI no llaCTSlM, ecnl1 I1HOe He
npe.nYCMOTpeHO 3aKOHOnaTeJ1bCTBOM'I YCJ10BHSlMH 06S13aTeJ1bCTBa nH60
06bllJaSlMH neROBoro 060poTa H cywecTBoM 06J13aTeJlbCTBa (CT. 311 rK).
He.nonycTMMblM s:lBJ1S1eTCH O.nHOCTopoHHee H3Mel-IeHMe YCJlOBI1" H
O.nHOCTOPOHHI1" OTKa3 OT McnORHeHMSI 06S1JaTeJ1bCTB3, KpoMe CJ1YlJ3eB,
npe.nycMoTpeHHblx 3aKOHOM (CT. 310 rK).. J1nSl HCnOJ1HeHMSI 06J1Ja-
TeJ1bCTB, B03HI1KalOWMX npH ocyweCTBJ1eHI1I1 npe.nnpHHI1MaTeJ1bCKOM
.neSlTeJlbHOCTM. .nonYCKaeTCs:I B03MO)l(HOCTb On.HOCTopOHHero H3MeHeH J.1J1
YCJlOBM" 06S13aTeJ1bCTBa I1J1M OTKa3a OT ero HCnOJ1HeHI1s:1 B CJ1Y'-laSlX. npe-
.nYCMOTpeHHbIX norOBopOM, eCRH I1HOe He BblTeKaeT M3 3aKOH3 HJ1H cy-
weCTBa 06S133TenbCTBa. TaKOBO, HanpMMep, YCJ10Bl1e npennpHHMMaTeJ1b-
CKoro .nor080pa, B COOTBeTCTBHI1 C KOTOpblM .nOJ1:>KHHK Bnp3Be OTK3-
33TbCSI OT I1CnOJ1HeHI1S1, BblnJ1aTHB Kpe.nHTOpy .neHe)KHYIO KOMneHcaUHIO.
3aKOHOM npe.nYCMOTpeHO, lJTO HaDJ1e:>KalllHM BpYlJeHHeM BCWM, OT-
lJY>K1leHI-IOW 6e3 06s:13aTeJlbCTBa .nOCTaBKI1. 6yn.eT c.nalJ3 nepC803lJI1KY .l1JISi
OTnpaBKM npH06peTaTeJ11O J1H60 opraHH 1UHI1 CBs:l3M .lU1S1 nepeCblJ1KM
npl106peTaTenIO (CT. 224 rK), T.e. BpYlJeHHe BeWH TpeTbMM J1MuaM ,llJ1S1
nepen3lJ H ee Kpe.nMTOpy.
B CJ1YlJ3S1X OTcyrCTBHSI Kpe.nMTop3 MJ1H ero ynoJlliOMOlJeHHOrO npeH-
CTaBI1TeJ1S1 B MeCTe, r.ne 06S1JaTeJ1bCTBO .nOJl:>KHO 6blTb I1CnOJ1HeHO; He.nee-
cnoc06HoCTH Kpe.nI1TOpa M OTCyrCTBM Y Hero npe.acraBHTeJ1J1; OtJeBHllHO-
ro OTcyrCTBHSI onpe.neJ1eHHOCTI1 no nOBODY Toro, KTO SlBJl eTCSI Kpenl1TO-
pOM no 06S13aTeJlbCTBY, B lJaCTHOCTI1 B CBSl3H co cnopOM no 3TOMY noBOJI.Y
Me}l(1Jy Kpe.nMTopOM M .npyrMMI1 J1MuaMM; YKJ10HeHHs:I Kpen.I1TOpa OT npl1-
HSITHSI MCnOJlHeHMSI MRM MHO" npOCpOlJKI1 C ero CTOpOHbl .nOJ1)1(HHK no
neHe:>KHOMY 06S13aTeJ1bCTBY M 06S133TeJ1bCTBY no nepe.nalJe ueHHblX 6YMar
BnpaBe npOM3BeCTI1 I1CnOJ1HeHHe B .nen03HT HOTapMyca MJ1H cy.na. nepe-
.nalJa .neHer M ueHHblX 6YMar B .nen03HT HOTapHyca 11J111 cy.na B npeny-
CMOTpeHHblX 33KOHOM cJlY'-laJIX SlBJ1J1CTCJI HcnOllHeHHeM 06J13aTeJ1bCTBa.
HOTapHYC I1J1M cy.n, np"HSlBWHH HCnOJlHeHHe, YBe.nOMJ1SleT Kpe.nI1TOpa H
ocyweCTBJ1S1eT BpYlJeHl1e eMY .aeHer M ueHHblX 6YMar (CT. 327 rK).
63
MeCTO, rlle nOJ1>KHO 6b1Tb np0l13BeneHO I1CnOflHeHl1e, BJlI1J1eT Ha pac-
npelleJ1eHl1e paCXOllOB no nOCTaBKe, onpeneJ1J1eT MeCTO npHeMKM 11 nepen a -
IJM Tonapa, Bbl60p 3aKOHa, nODJ1e)l(awero npliMeHeHI1IO, 11 T.n. KaK npaBM-
J10, MeCTO MCnOJ1HeHMs:I onpeneJ1S1CTCSI B caMOM 06S13aTeJ1bCTBe 111160 BblTe-
KaeT 113 ero cyweCTBa. HanpHMep, HeT Heo6xonl1MOCTI1 oco60 orOBapl1B3Tb
MeCTO npoBeneHHSJ K3nl1TaJlbHOfO peMOHT3 )l(11J10ro nOMa, nOCKOJlbK}' OH
He MO)l(eT 6blTb np0l13BeneH BHe MeCTa ero HaXO)f{.l1eH ISI. OnHaKO cywecT-
BYIOT 06S13aTeJlbCTBa.. KOTopble MOryr 6blTb I1CnORHeHbJ B pa3JlMlJHblX Mec-
Tax. ECJ1M npM 3aJ<JlI01.leHI1I1 noroBopa CTOpOHbl He onpeneJ111J111 MeCTO ero
I1CnOJ1HeHMSI, npM 1eHSIIOTCSI npaBMJ1a, YCTaHOBJIeHHble CT. 316 rK.
nepBoe npaBI1RO yCTaHOBJ1eHO DJ1S1 nepellalJl1 11 MyweCTBa. MecToM
HCnOJ1HeHMSI 06S13aHHocTM no nepenalJe HenBI1)KI1MOrO I1MyweCTBa (3e-
MeJ1bHOfO YlJaCTKa, 3naHHSI, coopY>KeHI1S1 11 Tn.) npl13HaeTCSI MeCTO Ha-
XO)f{.l1eHI1s:1 11 MywecTBa, no nepenalJe TOBapa I1RI1 MHoro 11 MYllleCTBa,
npenYCMaTPMBalOwero ero nepeB03KY, A MeCTO cnalJl1 MMyweCTBa nep-
BOMY nepeB03 l 1l1KY DJlSI nOCTaBKI1 ero KpenMTOpy.
no npyrl1M 06S13aTeJ1bCTBaM npennpMHI1M3TeJ1S1 nepenaTb TOBap 1111M
I1HOe I1MyweCTBo MeCTOM MCnOJ1HeHI1S1 06S133TeJ1bCTBa npl13HaeTCSI Me-
CTO 113fOT0BJ1eHI1S1 I1RM xpaHeHMJI 11 MYllleCTBa, eenM 3TO MeCTO 6bl110
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lleHe)l(HblX M MHblX 06S13aTeJlbCTB.. MeCTO I1X WCnOJ1HeHMSI 3aBI1CHT OT
MeCTa >KMTeRbCTBa CTOpOH no norOBOpy.
no nefie)l(HblM 06S1JaTeJ1bCTB3M MeCTOM I1CnOJ1HeHMs:I npl13HaeTCSI
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B MOMeHT B03HHKHOBeHMs:I 06S13aTeJ1bCTBa. ECJ1W K MOMeHTY I1CnOJlHe-
HMSI 06S13aTe1lbCTBa MeCTO )l(MTeJ1bCTBa (HaXO)KJI.eHI1S1) KpellMTopa 113Me-
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nepeMeHe MeCTa )l(MTenbCTBa (HaXO>K.L\eHI1A), OJ1)1(HI1K BnpaBe np0l13Be-
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KpenHTopa I1JII1 ynpaBoMOlJeHHoro 11M 1IMua np0l13BeCTI1 I1CnORHeHMe B
nen03MT HOTapl1yca. Bce OCTaJlbHbie 06S13aTeJ1bCTBa I1CnORHSIIOTCJI B
MeCTe )l(I1TeJ1bCTBa (HaXO>KJ1eHMSI) n0J1)1(HI1K3.
CpOK I1CnOnHeHHSI onpeneJ1s:1eTCSI 3aKOHOM, OCHOBaHMeM B03HI1KHO-
BeHI1S1 06S13aTenbCTBa RI160 ero cywecTBOM. Pa3n 11 I.f a lOT 06S13aTeJ1 bCTBa C
onpeneJ1eHHblM CpOKOM Mcn011HeHMSI M 06s:13aTeJ1bCTBa, B KOTOpblX CpoK
onpeneJ1eH MOMeHTOM BOCTpe60BaHI1S1.
06S13areJ1bCTBa, KOTopble npenYCMaTpl1BalOT MJ1M n03BORSIIOT YCTa-
HOBHTb neHb ero I1CnOJ1HeHI1S1 I1J1M nepl10n BpeMeHM, B Te l leHl1e KOTOpO-
ro OHO nOJ1)KHO 6blTb MCnOJ1HeHO, OTHOCs:lTCSI K 06S13aTeJ1bCTBaM C onpe-
neJ1eHHblM CpOKOM MCnOJ1HeHI1S1. TaKoe 06S13aTe11bcTBo nOJl>KHO 6blTb
I1cn011HeHO B n.eHb, YKa3aHHblH B 06S13aTeJ1bCTBe, nl160 B J11060" MOMeHT
64
B 1Ipe.n.eJ13X onpe.n.eJ1eHHOrO CpOKa. Hanp"Mep eCJlI1 npe.n.YCMOTpeHO,
lJTO npOn.aBeu 06SJJaH nepe.n.aTb BeWb B TelJCHHe O.n.HOrO MeCSlua C MO-
\1eHTa OnJ13Tbl TOBap3, TO npOn.aBeu J.1CnOJ1HHT 06S1JaTeJ1bCTBO H3!J)Je-
}l{3W.J.1M 06p330M, eCJ1J.1 BpY'-IJ.1T TOBap nOKynaTeJ11O B J11060" 113 JIHei1, no
CBoeMY yCMoTpeHI1IO, B npe.n.enax MeCSllJHOrO cpOKa.
B cnYlJ3e Kor.n.3 06 3aTeJ1 bCTBO HC npe,ayCM3TpJ.1B3eT cpOKa ero "C-
nOJ1HeHHSI 11 He COltep}l{I1T YCJ10B"W, n03B0J1S1I0111I1X onpen.eJ1J.1Tb 3TOT
CpOK. 01-'0 1l0J1}1{HO 6blTb I1CnOJ1HeHO B P33YMHblH CpOK nOCJle B03HI1K-
HOBeHJ.1S1 06S13aTeJ1bCTBa. no.n. p33y liblM CpOKOM non.paJYMeBaeTC ne-
pl10ll Bpe CH". 06bllJHO He06xo.n.l1 bl ii l1J1R COBeprneH 11S1 .n.eMCTB"R,
npe.n.YCMOTpeHHoro 06S13aTeJ1bCTBOM. Hanp"Mep, BblnOJ1HeH"e pa60Tbi
no norOBOpy nO pSlll.a, eClIl1 He YKa33H CpOK B corllaWeli"" CTOpOH.
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Ha Bbl nOJ1I-1eH lIe no.n.06. 0i1 pa60.rbl.
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Kpen.J.1TOpOM COOTBeTCTBYlOwero Tpe60Ik1.HI1S1. TaK, eCJIM rpa>KQal-lHH nepe-
naJJ B nOJ1bJOBa.II1e CRoeMY 3ltaKOMOMY TeJleBH30p, He OrOBap"BaSl CpOK
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HeHI1J.1 06SIJaTeJ1bCTBa B pa3YMf-lblH CpoK. B03 O)l(Hbl TPe60Ba. "R no KO-
TOpblM "CnOnlieHI1C n.O)1}1{HO 6blTb IlpO"3Be.n.eliO }ICMeDJ1eliHO, Harlpl1Mep
np" Ilpen.lJSlBJlCHl1l1 BJ<JIaIllJHKOM TPC608aHJ.1 0 Bbln.3l.Je BKJ1aaa.
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}l{HTeJ1bHOrO nep"ona BpeMCHI-1, 111\lelOT 3HalJeH"e 11 npOMe}l{yrOlJlible
CpOKJ.1 J.1cnOJ1 el'II1S1. Uenb npOMe)f(yrolll-lbiX CpOKOB, KaK npaB"J10 3a-
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YCJ10BI1S1MI1 06S13aTenbCTBa li}1H lie BblTeKaCT J.13 ero cyweCTBa. I-Ianp" ep,
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npSlMO npen.YCMOTpeHt.lbIX 3aKOHOnaTCJ1bCTBOM, YCJlOBHs:lM" 06 3aTenb-
CTBa, 06bllJaHMI1 .n.eJ10BOrO 060pOTa HJ1M CYllleCTBOM 06S13aTCJ1bCTBa. Ha-
np" Mep. nJlS1 npenr1pHH J.1 MaTeJ1eH .n.aJ1eKO He Bcer.n.3 Sl8J1S1eTCH 6 ,')aroM
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65
npM tiel1CnOJ1HeHI1H 06S133TenbCTB B YCT3HOBJ1eHHbIH CpOK B03HMKaeT
H3pYllJeHMe 06 33TeJ1bCTB3, I1MeHyeMoe npOCpOlJKOH. npoCpOlJKY MO)f(eT,
1l0nYCTliTb K3K 110J1)1(HHK, TaK M Kpelll1TOp. npOCpo'-lKa 1l0J1)1(HI1K3, T.e..
Hel1CnonHeHMe 11M B YCTaHOBJ1eHHbIH CpOK 06H33TenbCTB3, B03J1araeT H3
Hero 06S13aHHocTb B03MeCTHTb Kpelll1TOPY y6bITKM, Bbl3BaHHbie npOcpOlJ-
KOH. B nepHOll npocpO'-lKW B03MO}l(HO HaCT)'nneHHe 06CTOSlTeJ1bCTB, Bbl-
3blB31OWMX HeB03MO)l(HOCTb MCnOJ1HeHI1S1. 3a 3TI1 06CTOSlTeJ1bCTBa TalOKe
OTBe'-laeT npocpolJMBWMH 110n}l(HMK. ECJ1" MCnOJlHeHMe BCJ1ellCTBMe npo-
CpOIJKI1 yrpaTl1nO .lU1 KpellHTopa I1HTepeC, OH MO)l(eT OTKa3aTbCJI OT .0.0-
rOBopa H nOTPe60B3Tb B03Mell1eHMSI y6blTKOB (CT. 405 rK).
npOCpO'-lKa llOR}I(HI1K3 MO}l(eT 6blTb Bbl3BaH3 11 lleiicTBMSlMI1 KpenM-
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np3Bl1no. TaKHe CliTy3UWM MMelOT MeCTO npl1 McnonHeHl111 B33MMHbiX
06 33TeJ1bCTB. npoCpO'-lK3 KpellWTopa B03HWK3eT, eCJ1M KpellWTOp OTK3-
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CWA. BOpOHC>K. 1999.
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rocynapcTB3M - ljJICH3M COBCT3 E»ponbl II POCCliHCKaH IOCTI-tU Jf. 1997. N2 6. C. 7;
NQ 7 C, 8.
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HI13aUJ1 M perynJ1pYeTCSI rpIDKD.aHCKI1M KO.aCKCOM P<I>, TpaHcnO))THbIMJ1
YCTaBaMI1 H Ko.aeKCaMI1, CneUl1aJ1bHblMI1 npaBHJ1aMI1_ TaK, TpaHcnOpnlblH
YCTaB }KeJle3HblX .aopor PeI> npe.nYCMaTP"BaeT 06S13aTenbHbIM npereH3J10H-
HblH nOpSl.llOK pa3peweHI1S1 cnopoB. nopsmoK npe.aBapHTeJ1bHOrO 06pawc-
" v
HI1S1 K }KeJ1e3HOM .aopore C npeTeH3J1eW .ao npeJJ;bSlBJICHI1S1 K HCI1 Toro }Ke
-rpe60BaHI1S1 B I1CKOBOM nopSl.nKe HMeeT HeKoropble oc06eHHOCTI1..
,l];tSl npe.a"bRBJleHHSI npeTeH311H K )f(ene3HO" .aopore npen.YCMOTJ)eHbI
oc06ble CpOKI1, OT C06J1IO.aeHI1S1 KOTOpblX 3aBHCI1T 11 HaI.JaJlO Te eHI1S1
v
cpoKa .aaBHOCTI1 lJ)1S1 npeJ{1>SlBJ1eHI1S1 K JKene3H0l1 .aoporc COOTBeTCTBYIO-
wcro I1CKa. nponycK npeTeH3110HHoro cpoKa no OTHOWeHl11O K }f{eJ1e3-
HOH .aopore BJ1el.JeT 3a C060M yrpaT)' npaBa Ha I1CK.
CpOKI1 ATlSI npe.anSlBJ1CHI1S1 npeTeH3J1M K )f(enC3HOH n.opore OTHOCSlT-
CSI K TaK Ha3blBaeMbiM npeCCK3TenbHbiM H He MOryr 6blTb BOCCTaHOBJJe-
HbJ ap6J1TPa.>KHbIM cy.aOM. Oc06eHHOCTI1 npeTCH3110HHoro nopSlllKa no
OTHOWeH" K }f{ene3HOW .aopore npe.aonpc.aenCHbJ YCT3BOM }KenC3HblX
.aopor. OHI1 3aJ<JllOl.JalOTCSI B CJ1e.nyIOW C M:
. l.JeTKO OnpelleJ1eHbI OpraHI3au"" )f(eJ1e3HOHOp0}KHOrO T}JaHcnop-
Tat K KOTOpblM MOryr 6blTb npe.a1>SlBJ1eHbl npeTeH31111;
. YCTaHOBJ1eHbl cytTheKTbl, KOTOpblC ynpaBoMOllCHbl Ha npc.abSlB-
neHHe npeTCH311"; .
. npe.aYCMOTpeH nepe'leHb .aOK)'MeHTOB, onpe.nenJiIOIl1I1X npaBO Ha
"
npe.aoSlBJIeHl1e npeTeH3l1W;
. onpCHeneHbl KOHKpeTHble CpoKI1 Ha npC.anSlBJIeHl1e npeTeH31iH 11
J1X paCCMOT}JeHl1e )f(ene3HblMI1 HOpOraMJ1
CJJeJIYeT OTMeTJ1Tb, LITO npe.aCTaBJJ eTCSI 0.a1103Hb1M nopMOK npe.ao-
SlBJ1eHI1S1 npeTeH3J1M 11 I1CKOB no TpaHCnOPTHOMY YCTaBY }KeJ1e3HbIX .aopor
ynpaBJ1eHJ1S1M }f{ene3HblX .aopor CTaHUJ111 Ha3Ha'leHHR rpY33.. B Honepe-
CTpoellHOC BpeMSI 3TOT nopSl.aOK 06D CHSlncSI reM, '1TO TaKMe nOHpa31leJ1C-
HI1S1 }f{eJ1e3HbIX .aopor, KaK OT.aeJ1eHJ1H .aopor, CTaHU"J1, BarOHHble, nOKO-
MOTJ1BHble .aeno 11 T.n., SlBJ1S1nHCb crpYKTYPHblMI1 no.apa311eJ1eHI1S1MI1 .ao-
por.. Tenepb }f{e Bce OHI1 SlBJI IOTC IOPH.llI1I.JCCKJ1MI1 nMuaMH, caMOCTOSl-
TeJJbHbIMJ1 X03S1HCTBYIOWI1MI1 cy6"beKTaMJ1, KOTopble caMH H .aon}KHbl OT-
85
BeljaTb no CBOHM 06J133TenbCTBaM HapaBHe co BCeMJ1 npe.nnpHHJ1MaTeJ1b-
CKI1MJ1 CTPYKTYpaMH liapollHoro X03S1 HCTBa. npeTeH3HSI nOJ1)f(Ha npenDSlB-
nSlTbCSI B nI1CbMCHHOj:t $:>pMe 3a nOllnJ1CblO PYKOBOllJ1TeJ1S1 npeHnpHSlTHSI HJ1J1
era JaMecrnTeJlSl, CCJ1J1 3T0 npe CMcrrpeHO 33KOHOM HJlJ1 ycraBOM npeLtnpJ1-
SlTJ1S1, a TalOKe rpIDKaaHI1HOM-npellnpWHJ1MaTe.nCM. 3aKOHOM HC npeltYCMOT-
peHa B03MO)f(HOCTb nOnnJ1CaHJ1" npereH3J1" npyrJ1MJ1 nOn)KHOCTHblMJ1
nHuaMH no 1l0BepeHHOCTJ1, no cornaWeHl11O HnH norOBOpy. Ho 3TO He
....
J1CKJllOlJaeT, onHaKO, B03MO)KHOCTJ1 npCnbSlBJJeHJ.iSl npeTeH3J1J1 J1 HCKOB
CTPYKTYPHbI!\411 nOllpa311eJ1CHJ1S1MJ1, <J>J1nJ1anaMH npennpHSlTHSI, a TalOKe no
nOBepeHHOCTI1 DPyrHMw nOn)KHOCTHbIMH nJ1uaMH B J1HTepeCax nocnenHe-
ro. TaKl1e nOJlHOMOljHSI Moryr 6blTb npenYCMOyPeHbl B n0J10)f(etIWI1 06
3TOW crPYI<TYPHOH Cnl1Hl1ue 11 B nOBepeHHOCTH. B nHCbMeHHYIO Q>OPMY
BKJ1arlbIBaCTCSI 1l0B0J1bHO WWpoKoe nOHSlTJ1e: nHCbMeHHOM npH3HaeTCSI
TenerpaQ>HaSl, TeJleTaWnHaSi npeTCH3HSI, a TalOKe npereH3HSI, nepenaHHaR
C HCnOJlb30BaHHCM J1HbIX CpenCTB CBR3H, 06eCneljJ1BalOWI1X <J>HKcHpoaa-
HJ1e ee OTnpaBJleHJ1S1. CaMblM pacnpOCTPal-leHHblM J1 Ha.n.e)f(HbIM SlBJ1S1CTCSI
OTnpaBl1eHWC npeTeH3J1J1 3aKa3HbiM nHCbMOM nH60 BpY'-IeHJ1C ee non pac-
nI1CKY.. npH 3TOM nOKaJaTenbCTBO OTnpaBKH npeTeH311J1 3aKa3HOM KOp-
u
pccnOHACHUHCJ1 nO'-lTOBa KBHTaHUHSI B npl1CMe 3aKa3Horo nHCbMa
nOljTOBblM OTnCneHl1eM nOJ1)1(Ha coxpaHSlTbCH Y 3aSlBJ1TenSl no npCnoHBJ1C-
HJ1S1 J1CKa. nOljTOB3S1 KBWTaHUJ1S1 nOn)KHa npl1KJ13llbIB3TbCSI K J1CKOBOMY
3aSlB11eHI1IO IlanpaBJlSJCMOMY B ap6J1Tpa)f(HbIM cyn, B Ka'-lCCTBC nOK33a-
TcnbCTBa npI1HstTJ1S1 Mep K HenocpenCTBeHHOMY yperynwpOBaHJ11O cnopa,
eCJ1J1 HC 6yncT nonYi.JCH OTBeT Ha npeTeH3HIO. He COBceM ynaljHblM, a
B03MO)t(HO, lla)t(e H HcueJ1cco06pa3HblM cncnYCT npJ13HaTb OTnpaBKY npe-
TeH3J.1J1 ueHHblM nJ1CbMOM. Bo-nep6b1X, YDJlHHSlCTCSI CpOK nOCTaBKH npe-
TCH3J1H OT 3aSlBJ1TeJ1S1 no nOJlYljaTe.J1S1. BO-6mopblx, nOJlY'-laTe.J1H ueHHblX
nHceM Hepc.nKO He JlBJlSlIOTCSI DJlSl nonYljCHHSI J1X B 110ljTOBOe OTneJ1eHJ1e H
nOClIenHCC BblHY)I(JlCHO nocne onpeneJ1eHHOrO cpoKa xpaHeHHSI B03Bpa-
maTb HX 06paTHO. 06blljHOe )f(e 33Ka3HOC nJ1CbMO nOCTaBJlSleTCJI aapccary
HenocpellcTBCHHO pa60THHKaMJ1 CBSl3W- n03TOMY npennpJ1HJ1MaTeJ1SJM
HaCTOSlTeJ1bl O peKOMeHJ1yeTcSI J136eraTb OTnpaBKH npCTeH3HW 11 J1CKOB
UCHHbIMJ.i nHCbMaMH. 60ncc npCnnO'-lTJ1TenbHblM npencTaBJISleTCSI OT-
npaBKa npeTeH3W" J1 npyrJ1X OTnpaBl1CHJ1M 3aKa3HbiM nl1CbMOM C YBenOM-
neHJ1eM.
TaKoj1 nOpSIJlOK npocTO He06xonJ1M B IfblHClllHWX ycnoBHSlX J-leCTa-
6HnbHOCTJ1 3KOHOMI1KH, lieyperynJ1pOBaI-IHOCTH MHOfHX opraHH3aUJ10H-
Ho-npaBOBbiX BonpOCOB. B Ap6J1Tpa)f(HOM npoUCCCYaJ1bHOM KoneKcc
&
Pel> npCnycMOTpCHa paCCblnK3 OTnenbHblx cync6HbiX aKTOB 3aKa3HbiM
nJ1CbMOM C YBellOMneHJ1eM 0 BpY"leHJ1H. no COnep)f(aHHIO npeTCH3J1S1
nOn)l(Ha OTBeljaTb KOHKpCTHblM Tpe60BaHJ1S1M:
· YKa3aHO HaHMCHOBaHJ1e OpraHJ13aUJ1J1, YLlpC)I(J{CHJ1S1, npeJ1npJ1-
SlTJ1S1, npCnoSlBJ1BWCrO npeTCH3J11O C YKa3aHJ1eM nORHoro J.i npa-
BJ1nbHOrO HaHMCHOBaHWSI J1 nOljTOBOrO an.peca;
86
. Hal1MeHOBaHHC J1 BCC pCKBI13J1Tbl npe}lnptlSlTJ1S1, KOTOPOMY 3Ta
npeTeli311S1 npen: LSl BJ1S1CTCSI.
3r0 oc06eHHo Ba)t(HO, KOrDa npeDnpHSITJ1S1 pa3J1I1LJHOM OpraHI13aUI10H-
Ho-npaBOBOH <}:>OPMbl, p33H0i1 Q>OPMbl C06cTBeHHOCTI1 MOryr I1MeTb HlteH-
u
TJ1I.JHoe HaJ1MCHOBaHl1e. Hanpl1Mep, aKUJ10HepHOC 06weCTBO «A I1J].O-C),
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06LUecTBo C OrpaHJ1I.JCHHOM OTBCTCTBeHHOCTblO «AHJ].O-C), TOBapJ1we-
CTBO Ha Bepe «AMJ].O-C», KoonepaTHB «AHJ].O-C» 11 T.n.
B caMoM npeTCH311J1 CJ1eJXyeT KOHKpeTHO J1JJ10)KI1Tb CBOI1 Tpe60Ba-
HJ1S1. MMCHHO KOHKpeTHocTb DOn}f(Ha xapaKTepw30BaTb T}JC60BaHI1S1 3aSl-
BI1TenSl. HeDonycTI1MO 3aSlBJ1eHl1e cocnaraTenbHblX Tpe60BaHJ1H, T.e.
TaKJ1X.. KOTOpblC CTaBSlTCJI B 3aBJ1CHMOCTb OT npyrl1x AeMCTBI1H J1nJ1 o6S1-
3aTeJlbCTB. Pa3YMCeTCSI, 3TO He 3HalJ11T, lJTO B onpeJXeJ1eHHblX cnyt-laSix
Tpe60BaHI1J1 He Moryr 6blTb aJlbTCpHaTJ1BHbIMI1. HanpHMep, B cnYl.Jac
nonYl.JCHJ1J1 TOBapa C HellOCTat.JeM nOnytlarenb MO}f(eT nOTJ)e60BaTb J1nJ1
B03BpaTJ1Tb CTOI1MOCTb OnnaI.JCHHOrO, HO HcnonYI.JCHHOrO TOBapa nJ160
DocnaTb HCDOCTalOLUce KOntll.JeCTBO TOBapa.
ECJIJ1 npeTeH3J10HHbIC lpC60Bat-IWSI nO,llJlC>KaT .neHe>KHoi1 oueHKe, B
npereH3J1H YKa3blBaeTCSI I1CT}Je6YCMaSl CYMMa J1 npI1BOllJ1TCSI ec nonHblM 11
060CHOBaHHblH paCtleT. Ha npaKTJ1KC BCTPeLJaeTCSI lJal.l.tC Bccro Hcc06nlO-
llCHJ1e J1MCHHO nOCJ1eDHcro.. B TaKI1X cnYlJaSlX OTBeT4"K He MO)t(eT npOBe-
pl1Tb 060CHOBaHHOCTb TPC60BaHJ1M 11 [10 cyweCTBY .naTb OTBeT no 3aSlB-
neHHoft npeTeH3J111. K CO>KaJ1eHI1IO, 3aSlBJ1TeJ1H HepeDKO He yrpY)I(J)alOT
ce6S1 06S13aHHOCTblO npellOCTaBJ1Tb paCl.JeT lpe60BaHI1H He TOJ1bKO B npe-
TCH3t1S1X, HO na>KC 11 B J1CKOBbIX 3aSlBJ1CHHSlX B ap6J1TpIDKHb1M CYD. TaKoe
OTHOrnCHl1e, KOHCI.JHO, HC TOJlbKO He cnoc06CTByeT CKopeMweMY pa3pe-
""
WCHJ110 cnopa J1 BOCCTaHOBJ1CHJ11O 3aKOHHblX npaB 3a51BJ1TenCM, HO It! oc-
JIO>KHJleT BeCb npouccc 3aUlJ1Tbl npaB, Y,llJIHHSlCT J1 Y.llopo>KaeT ero, BbIBO-
DHT J13 060pOTa lleHC>KI-lbIC cpellCTBa Ha 60nce MJ1TeJ1bHbIH CpOK. Tpe60-
BaHI1S1, 3aSlBJleHHblC B npeTeH3J1J1, nOJl)t(Hbl 6blTb OCI OBaHbl Ha KOHKpeT-
HblX O OSlTeJ1bCTBaX J1 DOKa3aTcnbCTB3X, nODTBep)KfiaIOLUI1X I1X, co
CCblnKOM Ha COOTBCTCTBYlOwce 3aKOHODareJlbCTBO. TaK, B CJ1yqae npeDo-
SlBJ1eHIt!JI npeTeli3J111 B CBSl3J1 C HCnOCTal.Jei1 Toaapa B HCM Heo6xOllHMO
YKa3aTb, B COOTBeTCTBI1J1 C KaKJ1M DorOBopoM, no KaKOMY DOJ<yMeH1)' (TO-
BapHO-TpaHcnopTHaSl HaKJ1aD.HaSl, .nOBepeHHOCTb " T.n.) nOnyt-leH TOBaP,
KaKI1M DOKYMeHTOM JaQ>MKCJ1pOBaHa HCDOCTalJa (KO 1MeplJeCKJ1M aKT, aKT
npJ1eMKJ1 TOBapa no Konl1t.JeCTBY H T.D.). B npCTeH311" YKa3blBaerCSI KOJlI1-
lJCCTBO 11 CTOI1MOCTb HeDOCTalOLUero rpY3a. ECJ1J1 I1CTpe6YIOTCSI UJTJ)aQ>Hble
CaHKUl111 J1nl1 y6b1TKI1, He06xonJ1MO COCJJaTbCSI Ha JaKOHonaTenbHblH aKT
I1nl1 DorOBOp, B KOTOpOM YCTaHOBJ1CHa 3Ta OTBeTCTBCHHOCTb. B npereH-
31111 MOryr 6blTb YKa3aHbi J1 DpyrJ1e CBellCHJ1S1, KOTOpbIC, no MHeHHIO JajI-
BHTeJ1J1, 6YLlyr cnoc06CTBOBaTb 60ncc 6blCTPOMY 11 npaBl1nbHOMY ee pac-
CMOTPeHI1IO, 061>eKTJ1BHOMY ypcrynHpOBaHl11O cnopa.
3aSlBJ1CHHble TPe60BaHHSI nODTBCp)K)].aIOTCSI He06xODI1MblMI1 DOKY-
MCHTaMtI, KOTOpblC npJ1JlaralOTCSI K npeTCH311J1 B nOJJ)lHHHOM BJ111e HJlI1
87
B BHlle H UlJ1C)f(awe 33BepeHHbiX KOnl1" n 160 BblnHCOK 113 J-II1X. ECJ111
K3Kl1e-TO 1l0KYMeHTbi y llPyroi1 CTOpOHbl 11 1CIOTCSI, Hanpl1Mep n.OrOBOp,
cornarueHl1e 0 UCHe. I1X HanpaBJ1HTb C npCTeH311eM HC Tpe6YCTCSI.
D.eHCTBYIOLlleC 33KOHOllaTcnbCTBO 0 CBSl3H H Tp3HcnopTHbie YCT3Bbi
11 KODCKCbl YCTaHaBJJI1BalOT KOHKpCTHblC CpOKl1 KaK lL11S1 npello BJ1CHI1S1
npCTeH3"", TaK 11 lL11S1 I1X paCCMOTpeHI1S1. Me)l(J].Y TeM caMblii nOCnCllHl1ii
npaBoBoi1 aKT, pcrnaMeHTI1pOB3BWI1M nopSlDOK npCTCH3110HHoro ypcry-
nl1pOBaH"SI pa3HOrnaCI1H, YCTaHaBJlI1BaJI TOJlbKO CpOKI1 lL11S1 paCCMOTpC-
HI1S1 npeTCI 3I1M. tl-YMaeTCSI, '-ITO 3aKOH01l3TenbHoro YCTaHon.neHI1S1 CpO-
o .
KOB lL11S1 npell SlBJ1CHI1S1 npCTCH31111 no TpaLlHUl10HHbiM X03HI1CTBeHHO-
npaBOBblM OTHOWCHI1HM I-IC Tpe6yeTCSI. 3aKOHOn3TeJ1b YCTaHOBl1n KOH-
KpeTHble CpOKI1 HCKOBOH llaBHOCTI1, B Te'-lCHHe KOTOpblX 3aI1HTCpeCO-
BaHH3S1 CTopOHa BnpaBC 06paTI1TbCSI C I1CKOM B ap6l1Tpa.>KHblM cyn. 3a
3aWI1TO i CBOI1X HapyweHHblX J1paB. 33111I1Ta npaB 11 3aKOHHbiX I1HTepe-
COB 3TO I1CKJ1IO'-II1TeJ1bHOC npaBO X03S1iicTBYIOWI1X cy6oCKTOU. HCT
Heo6xODHMOCTI1 OrpaHH'-II1B3Tb CpOKI1 I1CnOnb30B3HI1S1 3T"X npaB.
4.5. PerJ10MeHTOU!.1S1 npeTeH3!.10HHOrO nop .QKO
B 4>e.qepOJ1bHbIX 30KOHOX
BblUJe Mbl oxapaKTepl130BaJlH B03 10)KHOCTH YCT3 HoaneH 1.1SI 11 peaJIl1-
3aUI111 npeTCH3110HHO-I1CKOBOH pa60Tbi no yperynl1pOB3til11O cnopOB
CTOpOHaMI1 COOTBeTCTBYIOWI1X rp,1)f(ll3HCKO-npaBOBbIX n.orOBopOB. npH
Bb1nOnHeH1111 llaHHOH pa60Tbi Heo6xo WMO PYKOBOllCTBOB3TbCSf cpelle-
paJ1bHblMI1 33KOHaMI1 I1nl1 IlpHH TbIMI1 B COOTBeTCTBHH C HI1MH nOJl3..1-
KOHHblMI1 I Op 3TI1BHO-npaBOBbIMW aKTaMI1. OCHOBHblMI1 <l>cllepaJIblibl-
MI1 3aKOHaMI1, KOTopble perynl1pYIOT npCTCH3110HHO-I1CKOBYIO pa60ry
SlBJ1S1eTCSI l pa)l(J].3HCKI1" KOlleKC POCCl1iiCKOi1 <l>en.cp3UI1I1 I, a TaK>Ke
TpaHcnopTHblC YCTaBbl 11 KOllCKCbl 11 I1HblC 3aKOHbl, pcrynl1pYlOlltl1e OT-
HoweHHSI, B03HI1KalOWI1e rn3BHbiM o6pa30M B c<]>cpc TpaHcnOpT3 11
CBH3H. npaBoBoe perynl1poBaHl1e B rK OTHOWeHI1H, CBSl3aHHbiX C ncpe-
B03KOH rpY30B, naCCa.>Kl1pOB 11 6ara.>Ka, B 3H3'-1HTenbHOH Mepc OTnI1 L laCT-
CSI OT pernaMCHTaUHI1 HHblX BI1 OB DorOBopHblX 06H3aTCnbCTB. Ll.OCT3-
T01.JHO CKa3aTb, lITO nOnO>KeHI1S1M, pcrynHpYIOWI1M CTonb CnO.>KHbIC 06 -
3aTenbCTBa. KaK nepeB03KI1. J3KOHOllaTenb nOCBSlTHn nl1Wb '-IeTb,pH3-
llU3Tb cTaTe'1 (LIJISI cpaBHel-tI1H: rn. 30 0 Kynne-npona)f(e HaC'-II1TbIBaeT
60nec CTa CT3TCH). Ll.eno B TOM, I.JTO OClfOBHOi1 nnaCT B3aI1MOOTHorue-
u.._ .
HI1H rpYJOOTnpaBHTcneH, nepeB03I.JHKOB 11 rpY30nonYlJaTenel1 TpallWUI1-
OHHO perynHpyeTcSI TpaHcnopTliblMI1 YCTaB3MI1 11 KOAeKcaMH. 4TO .>Ke
KacaeTCSI KOllH$I1UHpOBaHHbIX rpa)l(J].3HCKO-npaBOBbIX aKTOB, TO OHI1
T3K.>Ke TpallHUI10HHO Bcerlla BKJ1lOlJaJ111 B ce6H nl1Wb OTDcnbHblC npl1H-
UHnl1aJ1bHble nOnO.>KCHI1SI, onpellenSiIOWHC CI1CTeMY np3BOBoro perynl1-
I C\t. CT. 797 fK P<I>..
88
pOB3HI1H nCpeB030K rpYJOB, n3CCa)l(I1pOB 11 6ara>Ka, a B OCTaJI bHOM OT-
CblnaJIl1 K TpaHcnopTHblM YCTaBaM 11 KonCKcaM (HanpJilMep. rn. 32 rpa-
)I()l3HCKOro KOlleKca PC<l>CP 1964 r.).
COXP"lHCHI1C TaKoro MCTOn0J10rWIJCCKOrO nOJlxo.ua 8 HOBOM rK on-
paB.lI.3HHO ewc " no TOM npI1 1 IWHC, l.JTO B COOT8CTCTBI111 C Ko.aeKCOM BCC
TpaHcnopTHblC YCTaBbl W KOllCKCbl nOn>KHbl 6blTb npl1HHTbl Ha ypo8He
ijJcllep,-UlbHoro 3aKOHa (n.. 2 CT.. 784).
B H3CTOHUlCC BpeMSI Ha Teppl1TOpl111 POCCHHCKOM <l>e.acpaul1w .aei1-
CTBYIOT cnenylOUlwc Tpal-lcnopTHblC YCTaBbl H KO.nCKCbl: Ko eKc Topro-
Boro MopennaBaH IUI POCC" HCKOH <l>ellepaU"" I ; KOllCKC BHyrpeH Hero
BOD,HOrO TpaHcnopTa POCC HCKOH <I>en.cpauJ1J1 (KBBT p<l»2; YCTaB >KC-
J1C3HOn.opO)Kl-loro TpaHcnopTa POCC"HCKOH <I>cncpaUllm (Y)f(T p<l»3;
B0311YWHbIH KOllCKC POCCJ1HCK0i1 <Dcn.cpau"" (BK P<I»4.
Bce H83BaHHbiC TpaHcnopTHblC YCTaBbl H KonCKCbl coxpaHHIOT CBoe
llci1cTBl1e Ha TCppl1TOpWI1 POCCWHCKOM <Dc.n..cpaUHI1 C YI.JCTOM npa8l1n,
npeJ.{YCMOTPCHHbIX CT.. 4 <I>ellCpaJlbHOrO 3aKOHa «0 88e}1CHI1W B nCHCT-
B"e aCTH BTOpOH rpa>KJ131-ICKoro KonCKca POCCJ.1WCK0i1 <I>cnepaUI1H)}
8npClIb no np"H$lTIS1 11 BBCnCHWs-I 8 neWCTBl1e HOBblX Tp3HcnopTHbiX yc-
T3BOB W KOlleKCOB ijJencpa..rlbHblX 33KOHOB. ECTeCT8eHHO, Ha3BaHHbiC
Tpal-lcnopTHble YCTaBbl 11 KOJ.{eKCbl npl1MCHSJIOTCSI B 4aCTI1, HC npOTI1BO-
pC1I3UlCH Hop la:\;1. COllep>KaUl"MCSI B r11. 40 rK.
Kpo lc Toro, COXpaJISlCT cl1ny npl1HHTblW paHcc nocncllHcii KO.aHc1>I1-
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2 CM.: KOfJeKc UHyrpcHHcro BOlll-lOrO TpaHcnopTa P<D OT 07.03.2001 r., CT. 161-164.
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89
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nOpJUlKa nOrpY30lJ HO-pa3rp)'30lJ HblX pa60T; YCJ10BHH 06eCnelJeH HSI COXpaH-
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npHMOM CMeWaHHOM c006w.eHHH, naCCa)l(HpOB H 6ara>Ka nepCB03HMblX
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HMymecTBeHHYIO OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a HeCOXpaHHOCTb rpY30B J!O nepe-
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naCCa)KHpaMH, J!pyrHMH Q>H3HlJeCKHMH H IOpHJ!Ht.JeCKHMH RHLl.aMH,
BKJlI01.JeHa HOpMa, npenycMaTpHBalOwaH B03MO>KHOCTb ero npHMeHeHHH
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pOllHOM >KeneJHOllOpO)KHOM co06ll1eHHH. .l1aH HaSi HOpMa nOllJle)l(HT
npHMeHeHI1IO, eCnH I1HOe He npe,nYCMOTJ)eHO Me>K.nYHapo,nHbIMH ,noro-
BopaMH POCCHHCKOH <I>eJ!epaUHH.
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peB03Kax naCCa)l(HpoB, rpYJOB, 6ara)l(a, rpY306ara)l(a Me)f()1y JIBYMH H
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.ll.YHapOllHOM naCCIDKHpCKOM coo6UleHHH (CM nC). CM rc J!eMcTBYeT C
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>KaweM npHMeHeHHIO npaBe B cHny YKaJaHHOH CTaTbH OCHOB npHMeHH-
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94
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YCTaHOBJ1eHHOM nOpHJlKe, He BJ1eKyr 33 C060H npaBoBblx nocnencTBHH
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onpe,neJ1S1eMOM npaBHTenbCTBOM POCCHHCKOH <J>en.epaUHH.
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nepeB030K B03.aYWHbIM TpaHcnopTOM HBnSleTCSI o6eCneIJeHHe aBMaUH-
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06nacTH B03n.YWHbIX nepeB030K HcnblTblBalOT OCTpblH ne<t>HUMT B HOp-
95
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Kl1e Mepbl HeB03MO.>KHO 6blno npl1HHTb.
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TenbCTB, KOTopble nepea03'IHK He Mor npenOTBpaTHTb 11 YCTpaHeHHe
KOTOpblX OT Hero lie 3aal1Ceno.. nl160 YMbICJ1a naCCa.>KHp3.
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96
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3a npocpOllKY .nocTaBKM naCCa}KMP3, 6ara}Ka Mnl1 rpY3a B nYHKT Ha-
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CTOJlTCnl>CTB, lie 33BMCSlLUMX OT nepCB03ljMKa.
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CMHCKOi1 eI>eDepaUI1M (.aaJ1ee KTM).
nepeB03Ka rpY30B MOpCKHM TpaHcnopTOM ocyw.eCTBJ1S1eTCH Ha oc-
HOBC .aorOBopa MOpCKOH nepeB03KM.
COrl1aCHO Ko.aeKcy ToprOBoro 10penna83HMH PeI> no norOBOpy
MOpCKO f nepeB03KH rpY3a nepeB03 t JHK MnM c!>paxToBwHK 06S13yeTC$f
II. a-
r1epeBe3TH BBepeHHblH eMY OTnpaBMTeJ1eM rpY3 B nopT H33HalJe'-fMS1 M
Bbl.aaTb ero ynpaBoMOlleHHOMY Ha nonYlJeHMe rpY3a nHUY (nonYlJaTenlO),
a OTnpaBMTenb MnM $paxToBaTenb 06S13yeTcS1 ynnaTHTb Ja nepeB03KY
rpY3a YCTaHORJleHHYIO nnal)' ($paxT).
npe MeTO 1 .aoroBopa MOPCKO" nepeBOJKH S1BJ1S1IOTCH ycnyrH no .aoc-
TaBKe MOpCKI1 1 nyreM rpYJ3 B nopT Ha31f3 l leHMSI. ,noroBop MOPCKO" ne-
peBOJKM rpyJa peaJ1bHbli1 J10rooop. TClK KaK nepeB03lJHK HnH 4Jpax-
TOBWMK o6 3yeTcS1 nepeBe3TM «BBepeHHbIH eMY OTnpaBHTeJleM rpY3». .l10-
rOBOp C4MTaeTCSI 33KJ1IO'-ICHHbIM C MOMeHTa npHHSlTMSI rpY3a K nepeB03Ke,
KpOMe CJ1}"-1aeB TpaHcnopTHpOBKH rpY30B B 3arpaHMlJtlOM co06weHHH,
CBSl3aHf'IOM C npellOCTaBJJCHHeM OTnpaBMTeJl1O onpeneJ1eHHblX CYllOBblX
nOMeWeHH" HnM Bcero CYllHa, Kor.aa llorOBOp C'"IMTae-rcSi 3aKJJIOlJeHHbiM
y)Ke C MOMeHTa nonnHcaHHSI cornarneHMS1 Me>KQy CTOpOH3MM (4aPTep) H
nOTOMY SlBJ1S1CTCSI KOHceHcyanbHblM. .l10roBOP MOpCKOM nepeB03KH rpYJa
B03Me3.aHbIM norOBOp, nOCKOJlbKY npennOJ1araeT Hcnonb30BaHHe ycnyr
TpaHcnopTHoH OpraHI13aUHH 3a onpe.aeJ1eI-IHYIO nJlal)' <!>paxT.
npSl fO" .aoroBop Ha nepeBOJKY rpY30B HBJ1HeTCH cpenCTBOM IOpH-
nHlJeCKOrO 3aKpenneHMSI rpY3a 3a onpe.aeJleHHblM nepeB03lJMKOM (napo-
XO.aCTBOM) If TOHHa)K8 33 $p3XTOBareJ1eM (rpY300TnpaBHTeneM) (rpY30-
nonYll3TeneM) , cpellCTBOM, MMelOWMM ucnblO J]JIS1 CTOpOH llorOBopa
06eCnelJeHHe BbinonHeHMH HX nnaHOBblX 3aaaHH"_ TaKMM 06P330M, 01-1
He HBJ1S1eTCSI no CBoew npMpo.ae norOBopOM MOpCKOW nepeB03KH..
B KOMMeHTapHS1X K KTM rOBopMTCSI: «OCHOBHoe co.aep}l(aHMe noro-
,.
Bopa MOpcKOM nepeB03KH COCTOHT B TOM, lJTO nepeB03lJM K 3a onpe,aeJ1eH-
Hoe B03Harpa>KlleHHe npHHMM3eT Ha ce6S1 06H3aHHocTb nOCTaBHTb MOp-
CKHM nyrcM He npMHa;JJIe}l(aWMW eMY rpY3 H3 OllHoro nYHKTa B llPyrow M
TaM Bbl.aaTb 3TOT rpY3 ynpaB0\10lJeHHOMY Ha ero nOJ1YljeHMe nHUY). no-
98
3TOMY He MOryr paCCMaTpMBaTbCSI B K34eCTBe norOBopa MOpCKOH nepe-
B03KH rpY3a .norOBopbl onpenenRIOWHe ycnoBHR nepeB03KI1 B TelJeHHe
uenoro nepHOlla BpeMeHI1, HaBHr3UHI1 rona.
B npSlMOM llorOBOpe Ha nepeB03KY rpY30B He nOJl)l(Hbl onpe.lleJ1RTbCR
KOHKpeTHble YCJ10BI1R nepeB03KH, CTOHMOCTb TP3HCnOpTHbiX YCJ1yr M T.n.,
T.e. B HeM He nOJ1)1(libl COllep)l(aTbCSI YCJ10BHSI, OnpelleJ1S1IOW l1e B3aHMOOT-
HoweHHR 11 OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb CTOpoH B nepHO.n nepeB03KH rpY3a H H3XO)l(-
.neHHSI em Ha OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH nCpeB03lJHKa, .npyrl1MI1 CJIOBaMH, B HeM He
LlOJ1}1(Hbl COllep)l(aTbCSI YCJ10BI1R norOBOpa MOpCKOH nepeB03KI1. B onpene-
neHHOM OTHOWeHHI1 npRMble norOBOpbl Ha nepeB03KY rpY30B nono6Hbi
HaBl1raUHOHHbIM. nonY411BWI1M pacnpoclp3HeHI1e rnaBHblM 06pa30M B
Ka60TIDKHblx nepeBOJKax. OHH.. K3K H H3BI1raUHOHHbie llorOBOpbl, JaKJIIO-
lJalOTCSI c ueJ1blO 06ecnelJeHI1S1 BbinonHeHHSI nnaHa nepeB030K rpY30B.
npH BHenn3HOBbiX nepeB03K3X llorOBOp. B norOBope KOHKpeTH-
3HPYlOTCSI npaBa, 06S13aHHOCTH H OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb CTOpOH, yrOlJHRIOTCR
HaI1MeHOB3Hl1e, Bec 11 .npyrl1e oco6eHHOCTM rpYJa. He SlBJlSleTCSI llorOBO-
pOM nepeBo3KH rpY33 H noroBop 0 npellOCT3BJleHHM rpY30BJl31lenbUY
cyn H3 D.J1S1 Hcnonb30BaHI1S1 ero B Te4eHI1e onpe.neneHHoro BpeMeHM
(TaHM- l I3pTep). no 3TOMY .norOBOpy B 06S133HHOCTb TpaHcnopTHOH op-
r3HH3aUI1H (OCHOBHoro CYllOBJla.nenbua) BXOllHT lie llOCTaBK3 rpY33 B
nYHKT H33HalleHHSI't a npellOCTaBJlel-ll1e Tpa}iCnOpTHbIX cpen CTB H, B He-
06xonHMbiX CJ1Y4aRX, TaK)Ke pa604ei1 CHnbl J]JlSl 06cnY)KHBaHHSI cynH3.
npl1 nepeB03Kax no t.lapTepy DJ1R pa3MeweHHSI rpY3a npe.nOCTaBJlReTCR
cynHo uenHKOM Hnl1 ero onpeneneHHaR lJaCTb. 3Ty <l><>PMY llorOBopa
npl1MeHSIIOT npH nepeB03Kax MaCCOBblX rpY30B, nOCTaBKH KOTOpblX ocywe-
CTBJ1RIOTC$I napoxonHblMH napTI1S1MI1, HaJ1I1BHbIX HaBaJl04HbiX 11 neCHbiX. B
lJapTepe neTaJ1bHO orOnapl1BaIOTCSI COnep)KaliHe norOBOpa H B3al1MHbie 06R-
3aTeJlbCTBa CTOpOH: H3HMeHOOaHI1e M TeXHHKo-3KcllJIyaTaUHoHHble xapaK-
TepHCTI1KI1 cynHa, pOll rpY3a, ero TpaHcnopTHblC oc06eHHOCTM 11 KOnl1-
4eCTBO" nopTbl norpY3KH H BblrpY3KH, CpOKI1 rOTOBHOCTI1 CYLlHa non
norpY3KY 4>paxT, nopSl.nOK paC1.IeTa CTaJlH"HOrO BpeMeHI1 (cornaCOBaH-
HblW CTopOHaMH nepl1011 BpeMeHI1, B Te l leHl1e KOToporo cynoBJIalleneu
npeJlOCTaBHT H 6yneT nep)KaTb CYIlHO DJ1R uenei1 norpY3KH (BblrpY3KH>
6e3 nononHHTenbHblX K Q>paXTY nnaTe)Kei1). YcnOBJtSl lJapTep3 cornaco-
BblBalOT Q>paXTOBaTenb H nCpeB03lJHK. npl1 3TOM OHM RBJlSlIOTCSI 06R3a-
TenbHblMI1 TonbKO DJ1S1 napTliepOB M TonbKO Ha nepI101111aHHOH c.nenKH.
Ha npaKTHKe DJ1R o4>opMneHHSI norOBopa Hcnonb3YlOT THnOBble npo-
Q>OPMbl 4apTepOB t KOTopble OXBaTblBalOT Bce OCHOBHble rpY30nOTOKM
MaCCOBblX rpY30B.. 8 HacTOSlw.ee BpeMSI liaClJHTblB3eTCSI CBblwe 400
npo<l>opM lJapTepoB.
l-tapSillY C lJapTepOM B 3arpaHH4HoM coo6weHHH npHMeHRIOTCSI Ta-
Kl1e <l>OpMbl norOBopa Q>paxToB3HHSI, B KOTOpblX 60nee KpaTKO, lJeM B
1.IapTepe, 4>I1KCI1PYIOTCR ycnoBMR .norOBopa.
B TOM CJlYllae, KorLl3 B T'paMnOBOM cynoxoncTBe CYllHO OTc)Jp3XTooaHo
Ha nepeB03KY napTHH rpY3a, He o6ecne1.l11B3IOw.ylO nOJlHOW 3c.1rpY3KM cyn-
99
Ha, nepeB03lJHK CTapaeTCSI nOJlYlJHTb .nOnOJ1HMTenbHbIM rpY3 H nOrpY3MTb
ero Ha TOM }Ke npMlJarJe, Ha KOTOpOM npoH3BO.ltMTCH nOrpyJKa CYllHa.
nepeB03Ka no lJ3PTepy ocyweCTBJ1S1eTCS1 Ha onpe.neJ1eHHbIX YCJ10BH-
SIX: DJlH pa3MelUeHMSI rpyJa npe.nOCT8BJ1S1eTCS1 Bce CYLlHO, ero lJaCTb MnH
OnpelleJleHHble CYllOBble nOMeweHMSI.
n03TOMY <ppaXTOBWHK CTopOHa .norOBopa, npMHHBwaSi Ha ce6H
06H3aHHOCTb OKa38Tb TPaHcnopTHYIO ycnyry, nOMHMO no.nalJH cy.nHa
.non)l(eH llOCTaBMTb rpY3 B nopT Ha3HalJeHHH 11 Bbl.n3Tb ero nonyqaTenlO.
<I>paxToB3Tenb LlpyraS1 CTopoHa .norOBop3, nonYlJHBWaH npaBO Tpe60-
B3Tb, lJT06bl rpY3 6bln pa3MeweH Ha CYllHe Ha onpe.neneHHblX ycnoBHHX
M nepeBeJeH B nopT Ha3Hal.JeHHH. 06H3aH nOMHMO npe.nDHBJ1eHHS1
rpY33 nepe.naTb <1>paxTOBWHKY 1l0KYMeHTbl, KaC310WHeCH rpY3a H ynna-
THTb 3a nepeB03KY YCTaHOBJ1eHHYIO nnaTY.
OTHoweHHH. B03HMK31OWMe H3 nepeB03KH rpY3a C YCJ10BHeM npe-
,aOCTaBJ1eHHH CYIlHa, ocIJopMnSiIOTCS1, KaK npaBHn0 9 nyreM COCTaBJ1eHHSI
OTllenbHoro .nOKYMeHTa llapTepa. n03TOMY nOHSITMe «(lJapTep) ynoT-
pe6nHeTCSI B npaBOBOW " KOMMeplJeCKOH n MTep3Type B .nBYX p83HbiX
u
3Ha eHHSlX: Bo-nepBbIX, nOli lJ3pTepOM nOHHM3eTCH .nBYCTOpoHHHH .no-
rOBOp; BO-BTOpbIX, 43pTep 3TO 1l0KYMeHT, B KOTOpOM nocne.nOBaTeJlb-
HO H3JJaraIOTCSI ycnOBHSI T3Koro .norOBopa. 8 CT3HJ1apTHYIO npocIJopMY
llapTepa, OTne\laTaHHYIO THnorpa<}>cKMM cnoc060M, Moryr 6blTb BHece-
Hbl .nononHeHMS1. 1-t3060pOT. no corn8weHHIO CTOpOH OnpeLleJ1eHHble
ycnoBHH CTaH1l3pTHoro ljapTepa Moryr 6blTb HCKlII04eHbi I1nM H3MeHe-
Hbl. I1Horlla K lJapTepy npMnaraeTCSI CneUMaJlbHOe 1l0nOnHeHMe B BH,ae
HeCKonbKHX nYHKTOB, cornaCOBaHHblX CTOpOH,lMH, 8AlleH.nYM. Ba)l(-
Hoe MeCTO 33HMM31OT B lJapTepe .naHHble 0 cy.nHe, Ha KOTOpOM npellno-
naraeTCSI nepeBe3TM rpY3, ero H3HMeHOB3HHe, pOll HBHraTeJ1H, <pnar,
4HCT8H rpY30no.nbeMHOCTb, BaJlOBaSl H lJHCTaH rpY30BMeCTHMOCTb,
KJlacc, ycnOBJ.1e 0 Mopexo.nHOCTH. 3aMeHa Cy.nH3, HaHMeHOBaHHe KOTO-
poro YKa3aHO B 4apTepe, B03MO)l(Ha nHLUb C cornaCMH <!>paXTOBaTenSl.
EcnM, cne,aOBaTenbHO, KanMTaH BH.nMT, IJTO B nopT norpY3KM HanpaBJ1e-
HO "Hoe Cy.nHO, ljeM TO, KOTopoe 0603H8lJeHO B lJapTepe, OH MO>KeT na-
pHpOBaTb B03pa)l(eHMH <!>paXTOB3TenSl CCblnKOH Ha ycnoBMH lJapTepa 0
33MeHe HRH cornaCHe <!>paXTOB3TenH Ha 3aMeHY, .naHHoe <!>paXTOBWHKY
nOCl1e 33KJ1lOlJeHHSI .norOBopa. OH TaK)I(e BnpaBe BC1)'nHTb B neperOBO-
pbl C <}>p3XTOBaTeneM B uenSix nonYlJeHMH TaKoro corn8CHS1. no POCCHH-
CKOMY npaay cornaCHH <PP3XTOBaTenSl He Tpe6yeTcH B cnYlJaSiX nepe-
rpY3KM BCJ1ellCTBHe TeXHHlJeCKOH He06xOllHMOCTM. B03HHKwei1 noene
HalJarJa IIOrpY3KM. npH OLleHKe ycnoBHH lJapTepa 0 Mopexo.nHOCTH cy.nHa
K3nMTaH nOJl}KeH YlIHTbIBaTb, liTO OHO neHCTBHTenbHO nHWb nOCTonbKY,
nocKonliKY He npOTHBOpelJHT 06S133TenbHb1M Tpe60BaHMS1M KTM. OT-
cyrcTBHe B lJ8pTepe ycnOBJ1S1 0 Mopexo.nHOCTH HnH HenonHOTa 3Toro
ycnoBMSI He 03Ha4a1OT, 4TO 06S13aHHOCTM <!>paXTOBWHKa no npMBe.neHHIO
CYllHa B Mopexo,aHoe COCTOHHHe CY)l(HB3IOTCS1 no cpaBHeHMIO C Tpe60B3-
HMHMM KTM. KanMT3H 06S1J3H B TOW Mepe, B KaKOH 3TO 3aBHCHT OT
,.
Hero, COlleJ1CTBOBaTb npMBelleHMIO cy.nHa B Mopexo.nHoe COCTOHHMe.
100
YiJocm08epeHue 06CmORmeAbCn16, KOnl0pble Mozym CAyJICumb OCH06aHU-
eM 0/111 Om8emCm6eHHOCmU YlfaCmHUK06 MOpCKOU nepe603KU ZpY3a.
06CTORTenbCTBa KOTOpble MOryr Cn)')KHTb OCHOBaHMeM J]J1R OTBeT-
"
CTBeHHOCTH nepeB031.JHKOB, OTnpaBHrenel1, nOnYlJaTeJleH 11 naCCa:>KHpOB,
YJ10CTOBepRIOTCR KOMMeplJeCKHMH aKTaMH HnM 3KTaMH 06weti <l>OPMbl.
8 I1HOCTpaHHblX nopTax YKa3aHHble 06CTORTeJlbCTBa YllOCTOBepRIOTCR B
COOTBeTCTB"H C npaBHnaMH, cywecTBYIOWMMH B llaHHOM noPTY. C1)OPMbl
aKTOB, nopSiDOK HX COCT3BJ1eHHSI H nOpSlJ10K YJ10CToBepeHHR 06CTOR-
TeJ1bCTB, He Tpe6YIOlllHX COCTaBJ1eHHR aKTOB, YCTaHaR11MBaIOTCS1 npaB"-
naMH, H311aBaeMbIMH B COOTBeTCTBHH C 3aKOH0J1aTeJ1bCTBOM I.
.Llo npell1»SlBJ1eHHSI nepeB03lJHKY "CKa B CBR3M C nepeB03KOH rpY33 B
Ka60Ta>Ke 06R3aTenbHblM RBJ1ReTCR npeJ1"bSlBJ1eHHe nepeB03IJHKY npeTeH-
3"H. npeTeH3HH npeJ1"bSlBJ1RIOTCR K nepeB031J"KY, KOTOpblH ocywecTB-
nfln nepeB03KY rpY3a, H, eCJ1" nepeB03Ka rpY3a He 6blna ocyweCTBJ1eHa,
w U
K nepeB03lJHKY, KOTOpblH B COOTBeTCTBHH C ,norOBopOM MOpCKOM nepe-
B03KH rpY3a 6bln 06R3aH ocywecTBHTb ee. npeTeH3HH, BblTeK310WMe "3
nepeB03KM rpY33 B CMelUaHHOM coo6weHHH, npeJ1"bS1BJ1S1IOTCSI K nepe-
-
B031.JHKY, J10CTaBHBUJeMY rpY3 B KOHeIJHbl" nYHKT nepeB03KH.
npeTeH3HR npeJ1"bRBJ1ReTCR B nHCbMeHHoi1 c1JopMe. K npeTeH3HH 06
YTpaTe HnM 0 nOBpe*HeHMM rpY3a KpoMe nepeB030lJH X J10KYMeHToB
J10n>KHbl 6blTb np"nO)l(eHbl J10KYMeHTbl, nOJ1TBep*HaIOWHe npaBO Ha
npeJ11>RBJ1eHHe npeTeH3HH, " J10KYMeHTbl, YJ10CTOBepRlOwl1e KOnM1.JeCTBO
H CTOHMOCTb OTnpaBJ1eHHOrO rpY3a. nepeB030lJHbie J10KYMeHTbl npeJ1"b-
SlBJ1S1IOTCSI B nODJIHHHHKe.
nepeB03lJ"K HMeeT npaBo B J1BYXHelleJlbHblft CpoK nOCJ1e nOJ1yt1eHHR
npereH3HH B03BpaTItTb ee 6e3 paccMOTpeHMR. ecJ1H K npereH3MM He npl1Jlo-
}KeHbl nOJ<yMeHTbI, npe.nyCMorpeHHble 3aKOHOM (KTM P<1». B CJ1)'\1ae, eenH
v
nepeB03lJHK B YKaJaHHbl" CpoK He B03BpaTHT 33JlBHTeJ11O HeH3J]J1eJKawe
<><PoPMJ1eHHYIO npereH3HIO, OHa ClJHTaeTCR npMHHTO" K paCCM01peHMIO.
npeTeH3HR K nepeB031JMKY, BblTeKalOwaSi M3 J10rOBOpa 10pCKOH ne-
peB03KH rpy3a, MO>KeT 6blTb npeJ1"bflBJ1eHa B Te1.JeHHe cpOKa HCKOBOH
llaBHOCTH, T.e. B TelJeHHe r0J1a 2 .
nepeB03lJI1 K 06R33H paCCMOTpeTb npeTeH3HIO, BblTeKalOWYIO H3 1l0-
.
rOBopa MOpCKOIIf nepeB03KH rpY3a, B Te4eHHe TpHllU3TH llHel1 co llHSI ee
nonY1..JeHHR " YBeJ10MMTb 3aRBHrenR 06 y,nOBJ1eTBopeHMM MnM OTKnOHe-
HMH ee. CO J1HR npeJ11>SlBJ1eHHSI K nepeB03t.JMKY npeTeH3l-tM, BbiTeKalO-
v '-6 ,.
me" H3 J10rOBOpa MOpCKOH nepeB03KH rpY33, TelJeHHe cpoKa I1CKOBOM
J1aBHOCTM npHOCTaHaBJ1HBaeTCSI 110 nonY1jeHHSI OTBeTa Ha npeTeH3HIO
HnH HCTelJeHHS1 YCTaHOBJ1eHHOrO J]JfS1 OTBeTa cpoKa.
b....
I CM. n. 2 CT. 5 KTM P4>.
2 CM. CT. 408 KTM P(]).
npHI10>KeHHe
n0I10>KeHHe 06 ynpOBI1eHJ1H pOCCMOTpeHHs:I
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H0I10rOBblX cnopOB H npeTeH3HOHHO-HCKOBOH
P060Tbi r <?CYAopCTBeHHoH H0I10rOBOH cnY>K6b1
POCCHHCKOi1 c:t>eAepOL-'HJ1
I. YnpaBJ1elll1e paCCMOTpetil1S1 IlaJlOrOBblX cnopOB H npeTel-13HOJIIJO-
I1CKOBOi1 pa60Tbi (n.a.J1ee YnpaBneilHe) SlBnSleTCH CTPYK1)'pllbIM non.pa311e-
nelll1eM uellTpaJIbtloro annapaTa rocyn.apCTBel-II'IOH HaJlOrOBOH cnY>K6bl
POCC" HCKOi1 <1>el1epaUHI1.
2. OCIIOB.-IblMI1 3aaa'laMI1 YnpaBJIel-I"SI BJ1S1IOTC :
2.1. PaccMoTpetll1e .>KaJlo6 (aneJ1J1S1UI1H) HanorOnnaTeJ1bllll1KOB 11 l1pyr"x
nl1U, 06S13aIIJlbIX Yl1ep.>KI1BaTb C 1-laJlOrOnnaTeJ1blllI1KOB 11 nepe\f"CJ1SfTb B 6lOlVKe-
Tbl .ianOr" " C60Pbl, Iia pewelll1S1 rocyn.apCTBellllblX 1-laJlOrOBb1X I1llCneKl1HH no
cy60eKTaM POCC""CKOW <1>en.epaUH" " n.eMCTB"SI (6e311eMCTBl1e) HX .non.>KIIOCT-
1-lblX nl1U, CB 3aHlfbie C IlaJloro06J1o.>Kel-ll1eM 11 npltMeHel-ll1eM <!>HI-laJICOBbIX 11
v
allM"III1CTJ)aT"BllbIX cal-lKUl111 3a Hapywel-ll1S1 3aKOllon.aTeJlbCTBa 0 IlaJlOrax.
2.2. 06eCneljell"e MeTOllOnOrl1ljeCKOrO elll1l-ICTBa np"Mellelll1S1 Ilanoro-
BblMI1 oprallaMw <!>HI-Ial'COBbIX 11 a):lMI1I-II1CTpaT"BllblX cal-IKUI1" 3a Hapywe-
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2.3.. Koopn.I1HaUI1S1, MeTon.WljeCKOe 11 111-I<!>opMaU"OI-I..JOe 06ecne'leHHe
npeTeI1311011110-"CKOBOH pa60Tbl B CI1CTeMe oprallOB rOClfa.J1orcnY.>K6bl Poc-
CI1I1 11 OKaJall"e IlaJlOrOBbiM oprallaM 1-le06xon.I1MOH npaBoBoH nOMOUlI1 B
3aUl"Te HX JaKOl-it-lblX npaB " I1llTepeCOB np" paccMoTpel'll1l1 IlaJlOrOBblX
cnopOB B 06111HX 11 ap6WTpa)KllblX cYl1ax.
2.4. BblSlBnell"e " al aJI"3 np"lll1l-1 B03HI1KHOBelil1S1 1-lal1orOBblX cnopOB
11 yn.OBJ1eTBOpellI1S1 .>KaJlo6 " I1CKOB l-faJIOrOnl1aTeJ1bUlI1KOB K 1-laJlOrOBb1M op-
ratlaM, npl1llS1Tl1e B YCTailoBnelilioM nopSln.Ke Mep K YCTpal-lel-1111O 3TI1X npl1-
'I" 1-1.
3. B COOTBeTCTBI1" C B03J10.>Kel-II-lblMI1 3a):laljaMH YnpaBneHl1e:
3.1. PaCCMaTp"B3eT C Y l lacTl1eM MeTon.onOfH"IeCKI1X ynpaBJ1el-II1H )l(aJlO-
6bl (aneJ111S1UI1I1) }laJlOrOnnaTeJ1bUlI1KOB Ha pewel-II1 W llei1cTB"H (6e311eHCT-
Bl1e) rocyn.apcTBelll-fbIX IfaJIorOBbiX I1HCneKUHH no cy61>eKTaM POCCI1"CKOH
<1>en.epaUI1" 11 I1X .nOl1.>KliOCTllblX nl1U no BonpocaM HaJloro06110.>KeIII1S1 "
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3aKOHOM I1HTepeCOB cnoc06aMH, npe.lIYCMOTpeHHblMH 3aKOHOM.
MCK CpeltCTBO 11 cnoco6 3alUI1Tbi cy61»eKTHBHbIX npaB B CRyqae
HX HapyweHHSI Hnl1 yrp03bl HapyweHHH, T.e. B CJ1YLfae B03HI1KHOBeHI1H
MaTepHaJlbHO-npaBOBoro cnopa. OltHOBpeMeH.tO 3TO cnoc06 B036}')K.l1e-
HI1S1 npaBocyn.I1H no rpa)KJlaHCKHM llenaM. Cnop 0 npaBe, ne)l(alUHH B
OCHOBe npelt1»SlBJleHHOro HCKa, MO)l(eT I1MeTb pa3Hble c:J>OpMbI: npl1CBOe-
HI1e "11" OTpHl1aHI1e OTBeT'-II1KOM npaBa 11CTua, 0TPl1uaHl1e HaJll1'1HSI
npaBOOTHOWeHI1H C IiCT110M, HeI1Cn011HeHl1e OTBeT'-lI1KOM 06S13al-IHOCTeH
I1RI1 HeH3.llJIe>Kawee HX Iicnon.teHl1e 11 np.
I1CK 3aHHMaeT ue.tTpaJ1bHOe MeCTO Cpelll1 I1HCTI1TyrOB rpa)KJlaHCKO-
ro npoueccyanbHoro npaBa. I1cKoBoe np0l13BO.lICTBO no CBoeMY 3Ha'le-
HHIO 11 060eMY HBJI eTCH Ba)l(HeHWeH 'IaCTblO Bcero rpa:>I\D.aHCKoro cy-
ltOnp0l13BODCTBa 11 npoueccyanbHoH c:J>OpMOH npaBOCYlll1S1 no rpeut<.naH-
108
CKHM J1enaM. I1CK HaXOnHTCR B TeCHOH B3al1MOCBSl311 co BCeMH HHCTHTY-
u
TaMH rp3}KJlaHCKOrO npoueccyanbHoro npaB3, OnpeJ1enHeT HaCTpOH BCe-
ro pernaMeHT3 paCCMOTpeHHSI rpa}KJl3HCKHX nen CJ1Y)l(HT OpHel-JTHpOM
np3BOBOrO perynHpoBaHHJI cYJ1e6..loH J1eSlTenbHOCTH.
licK o6paweHHe HCTQa (npe.nnOJlaraeMOro HOCHTeJlSI cy61»eKTHBHOrO
MaTepHaJ1bHOrO npaBa) K cYJ1Y c npocb6oi1 0 paccMOTPeHHH H pa3peme-
HHH M3TepH3J1bl-JO-np38oBoro cnopa C OTBeTlfHKOM (npeJ1nOJ1araeMbIM
HOCHTeJ1eM Cy6neKTHBHoH 06H33HHOCTH) H 0 3aWHTe HapyweHHoro
cy6beKTI1BHoro np3Ba HnH oxpaHSIeMoro 33KOHOM HHTepeca.
B TeopHH rpa}KJlaHcKOro npoueccYaJ1bHorO npaBa CYWeCTBYIOT pa3-
nH'IHble BJrnSl,abl Ha COOT..loweHHe npoue,aypbl paccMoTpeHHR npen HB-
neHHoro I1CKa " C3Moro cy61>eKTHBHoro MaTepH3J1bHOrO npaBa HnH OX-
paHSIeMoro 33KOHOM HHTepeca, 0 33WHTe KOToporo npocHT HCTeu. Or-
clOna H pa3J1H'II-Jble TO'-lKI1 JpeHHJI Ha CyWHOCTb HCKa. Cpe.nH HJ.1X MO)K-
HO Bbl,aenHTb T p 11 HaYtlHblX HanpaBJIeHIiSl.
npen.cTaBHTenl1 nepeolo I-JanpaBJIeHHSI (M.A: rYPBl1 l l, H.6. 3ei.fJ1ep,
C.H. A6paMoB, n.<I>. EnHceMKHH) onpenenJinH liCK K3K K3TeropHIO,
npl1cYll1YIO ,aBYM OTpaCJ1HM npaBa MaTepHaJ1bHOMY (rpa)Kllal-JCKOMY) H
.
npoueccyanbHOMY, H BblnenRnH nBa caMOCTORTenbHblX nOHHTI1S1 HCKa
B MaTepHaJ1 bl-lO- np3BOBOM 11 npoueccyan bHOM CMbICJ1aX I.
HCK B MaTepHaJlbHO-npaBOBOM CMblcne nOHH taeTCSl HMH KaK cy6n-
eKTHBHoe npano, 6naro.. 3aWl1LU3eMOe CYJ10M. A HCK n npoueccyanbHoM
CMblcne 3TO o6paLUeHHoe K CYJ1Y Tpe60BaHHe 0 33ll.{HTe Cy6neKTHBHO-
ro np3B3 HnH oxpaHSIeMoro 3aKO..IOM I1HTepeC3.
Bmopoe H3npaMeHHe npeacraMHIOT A<I>. KneHHMaH., A.A J].06poBOJ1bCKH",
C.A. H BaHOBa, H. H.. ABJ1eeHKO, p3CCMaTpHBalOLUHe liCK KaK eJ1HHoe
nOHSITHe, OpraHH"IeCKH CO'-leTalOLUee M3TepHaJ1bHO-npaBOBYIO H npouec-
CYaJ1bHYIO CTOpOHbI 2 . no HX MHeHHIO, cyn HMeeT J1eno TonbKO C O,a..IHM
nOHSITHeM I1CK3 Ii n.3eT B CBoeM peweHHH O,aH..1 OTBeT no 33HB.J1eHHOMY
HCKY. J].anaSi OTBeT I-Ja MaTepHaJ1bl-JO-npaBOBoe Tpe6oBal-JHe HCTU3 K OT-
BeTlfHKY, cYJ1 TeM caMblM }laeT OTBeT 11 Ha 06p3weHHe liCTua K CYJ1Y 0
33WI1Te ero npaBa 3 ..
n03HUI1S1 aBTopOB mpembe20 Ha)'1-lHoro HanpaBJ1eHI1S1 (K.C. lO,aenbCoH,
K. H. KOMliccapOB, B.M. CeMe..IOB H J1p.) 3aKJIIO'13eTCR B nOHHM3HHH
.
I CM.: rYI)lJllil M.A. Yw.lCHHC 06 HCKC (cocTaB BHllbl). M.. 1981. C. 5-11: 3elioep H.b-
3ncMeHTbi HCKa B COUCTCKOM rpa>K1laHCKOM npouccce / / YtJeH. 33n. CapaT. IOPHl1.
"H-Tll. Bbln. 4. CapaT08.. 1956; A6paMOlJ C.H. rp3)Kll3HCKHH npouecc. M.. 1948; EAu-
ceUKllI' II. C/). npcnMcT cync6HoH neHTeJlbHOCTH B COBCTCKOt.f rpa)KllaHCKot.f npoucccc
(ero nOHHTHC, MCCTO H 3H3w.leHHc): ABTope<l>. .nHC. ... n-pa IOP"Jl. HaYK. n. 1974. C. 9.
2 CM.: /(lleliAlall A. (/J. HCKOTopble TeopeTHw.lCCKHC BonpoCbl YlleHHH 06 HCKC B COBCT-
CKOM rpa>K1l3HCKOM npouccce / / Yw.ICH. Tp. Cap3T. IOpl-1..D.. HH-Ta. CapaToB.. 1969.
C. 147 . 165: )106p080J1bCKllli A.A., J1lJal108a C.A. YK33. COw.l. C. 18-19; rpa:HCOaHCKllu
npouecc. M.. 1968. C. 142-144.
3 CM.: Jl06P000l1bCKIIU A.A.. J1oaHoea C.A. YK8J. COw.l. C. 19.
109
"CKa KaK lJHCTO npOl1CCCYaJlbHOH KaTerOpl1l1, C3MOCTOHTenbHOrO H..ICTH-
Tyra rpa aHCKOrO npOl1eCCY3J1bHOrO np3Ba'.. Cy61>eKTHBHOe npaBO,
MaTep"aJlbHoe 6naro OH" BblBO£l.SlT 3a paMK" HCKa. TaKoe npaBO (6naro)
COCTaBJ1J1eT l1enb, a He cOnep}f(aHWe I1CKa.
I1CK KaK 06paweHHoe K CYllY Hn" I1HOMY KOMneTeHTHOMY opraHY
TPe60BaHHe 0 33WWTe OTHOWeHHJI IOp"llH\feCKH paBHblX J1"U nyreM
pa3peWeHHJI J.1X cnopa 0 np3Be Ha OCI-IOBe npl1MeHeH"H OJlHOrO "3 YKa-
3aHHbiX B 3aKOHe npaBOBOCCTaHOBHTenbHblX cnoc060B 3aWHTbi "MeeT
CBOI1 3neMeHTbl.
3AeMel,mbl UCKQ 3mo e o cocmD811ble IfDcmu, onpeOeA1llOllI,ue co-
Oep:HCDIIUe U UIIOU6UOYlLllU3upYlOIlI,Ue e o.
0,,1" ,Q3JOT "leo6XOn"MYIO "Hcl>OPM3UHIO 0 JaHllTepeCOBaHHblX n"uax
CTopOHax npouecca.. 0 cy61JeKTJ.1BHOM MaTepHaJlbHOM np3Be, HY>KJlaJO-
WeMCJI, no MHeH"1O HCTua, B 33WHTe, 06 06CTOSlTeJ1bCTB3X, nOCJ1Y)KI1B-
W"X OCHOB3HHeM o6paweH"SI B cy . TaK3S1 HH<I>opMaU"H n03BonHeT
HHnHBHnYaJ1"3"pOBaTb " caM npouecc no KOHKpeTHoMY rpa)KJ1aHCKoMY
eny onpenenHTb o6beM, xapaKTep 11 "13npaBJIeHHR neHTeJ1bHOCT" cyna.
B HCKe cnenyeT pa3J1HI..aTb TP" COCTaBHble \faCTH: cOJlep>KaHWe 2 ,
npeJlMeT 11 OCHOBaHJ.1e (3neMeHTbl "CKa)3.
COOepJICDllUe UCKQ TO eHcTB"e cyn3, cOBeprueH"SI KOToporo npo-
CHT HCTeu, o6pawaSlcb B cyn 3a 3al1(l1Toi1 HapyrueHHoro HnH ocnapH-
BaeMoro npaBa. Conep}f(a..ll1e "CKa onpe enSleTcSI HCTUOM "CXonSi H3
B"na cyne6HoH 33W"Tbl, npellycMoTpeHHoi1 3aKOHOM (CT. II rK).
B COOTBeTCTBHH C 3THM "CTeu MO)KeT npOCHTb CYD:
_J
· 0 npIo1CY:>KlleHHH OTBeTt-lHKa K HcnORHeHHIO onpeDeneHHoro ne"-
CTBHR ("lanpHMep, B03McweHHH y6bITKOB, ynJ13Tbl KOHKpeTHOH
1J.eHe>KHOH CYMMbl, nepeJla\fH onpe eneHHoro "MyweCTBa) HnH 0
B03nep}f{aHHH OT KaKorO-TO neHCT8WSI (HanpHMep, OT nelicTBHi1,
8bl3blBalOWl1X WyM, 33rpH3HHIOW"X COCeJlH"" Y'IaCTOK);
. 0 npH3Ha..IJ.1H cywecTBOBa..IHR HJ1H, HanpOTHB, OTCyrCTB"R KaKO-
ro-nl160 npaBooTHorueHHSI, cy61>eKTHBHoro npaBa HJ1H 06S13aH-
1-1 OCTH;
. 06 "3MeHeHH" Hn" npeKpaWeH"H npaBooTHorneHHH HCTl1a C
OTBeT'II1KOM "n" K3K npHHSlTo rOBopHTb B TeOpl1", 0 npe06pa-
30BaH"101 npaBooTHoweHHSI.
T
I CM.: /Ot}e.;1bCOH K.C COBCTCKHH rpa>KLUlHCKHH npouccc. M.. 1956. C. 2; KOAtl,ccapoo KII.
npaBO Ha liCK H npCKpaWCHHC npOH3Bo.nCTB3 no rpa)l(1l3HCKOMY ..o.cny (.ICKOTOPbIC BO-
npocbl) II C60pHMK Y"leH. -rpy.nOB CBep1J110B. IOpHn. MH-Ta. Bbln.. 9. CaepID10BcK. 1969.
C. 160; Coaen,cKllu rpa>K1laHCKI1H npouecc I 0011 pel1. K.J1. KO liccapoBa.
B.M. CCMCHOB3. C. 230-233.
2 B HaYKC Bonpoc 0 nOHSITliH HCK3 M cro co.ncp}KaHHe KaK caMOCTOSiTenbHOM 3J1CP\.!eH-
Te MCK3 cnopcH. Ct..f.: CooenlCKliU rp3)t(JlaHCKIi" npouecc. M.. 1989. C. 194-195;
Kypc coaeTCKoro rpa>Kl1alfCKOro npoueCCYaJ1bHOrO npaBa. T. I. M.. 1981. C. 441.
3 IpaJICdallCKllii npouecc / 00..0. pe.n. M.K. TpCYWHHKOB3. M., 2000. C. 107.
110
llpedMem UCKa MamepUlLIIblio-npa606ou cnop, 0 paCCMompe"uu U
pa3pelUellUU KomopOlO ucmel( npocum y cyoa.
nOCKORbKY cnop BcerJJa CBJl3aH C npHTSl3aHweM HCTua K OTBeT'-IHKY,
3aKOH Tpe6yeT, I.JT06bl B WCKOBOM 3a.RBJ1eHI1H WCTeu YKa3aJ1 Cyrb CBoero
Tpe60BaHHSI (0 '-IeM OHO?) (CT. 131 133 rn K).
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT cnoc06a HCnpaWI1BaeMoti IfCTUOM 3aWWTbi ero
cy6beKTHB..loro MaTepWaJlbHOrO npaBa npeLlMCTOM HCKa MOryr 6blTb:
. cnop 0 HaJlHllHH Hnl1 OTCyrCTBHI1 MaTepHaJlbHOrO npaBOOTHO-
weHHSI Me>KnY HCTUOM H OTBeT'IWKOM;
. cnop 06 06S13aHI-locTSIX OTBCTlJJ;tKa, BblTeKalOw.wx H3 MaTepl1aJ1b-
I-Ioro npaBooTI-loweHHSI C HCTUOM;
. cnop 06 H3MeHeHJ;t" Hnw npcKpawe"IHH cymecTBYIOw.ero Me)f(JlY
CTopOHaMH npaBOOTliowel-IHSI.
npeDMeToM J;tCKa MO>KeT 6blTb, HanpHMep, npaBO c06cTBeHHocTH
J;tCTua Ha KaKYIO-Hw6YDb BeWb.. np3BooTHoweliHH no }f(l1nHWHOMY 1-I3i1-
MY onpeneJ1el-II-IOrO nOMew.e"IHSI, aBTopcKoe npaBO Ha KOHKpeTHoe npo-
H3BeJJeHHe HaYKJ;t, nl1TepaTypbl HRJ;t HCKYCCTBa 11 T.JJ.
OT npeJJMeTa WCK3 CJ1eJJyeT OTnl14aTb npeLlMeT cnopa, ero ewe npH-
HSITO ..133b1BaTb 06beKmOM liCKa. 3TO TO MaTepWaJlbHOe 6naro, nonY'-Ie-
HJ;tSl KOToporo D06HBaeTCSI J;tCTeu, HanpJ;tMep KOHKPCTI'loe HMyw.eCTBO,
CYMMa JJeHer, }f(HnOe nOMewe..ll1e H D.p. C npen.l\Ie1'OM cn0lJ4. CBSl3aHO
npaBO HCTlla YMeHbWI1Tb HnH YBenl1 l ll1Tb pa3Mep HCKOBblX Tpe60BaHJ;t"
Y)Ke nocne nOLl3'-1J;t J;tCKOBoro JaSlBJ1eHl1S1 (CT. 39 rn K), a TaK}f(e npaBO
cyn.a Ha BbIXOn. 3a rlpelleJlbl 3aSlBJ1eHHbIX I1CTUOM Tpe60BaHJ;tM (CT. 201
rn K). OllHoBpeMeHHo HCTeu paCnOpSl>KaeTC.R It npoueCCYaJlbHblM npa-
BOM, onpeDenSiSl MSI ce6.R 061>eM I1cnpawJ;tBaeMoH Y cYJ:{a 3aWHTbl.
OCllooallue UCKD Jmo me 06cmosmeAbcm8a, 'fa KomopblX ucme", oc-
"06bl8aem C60e o6paU(e"ue 6 cyd.
OH .l10n}f(eH Ha3BaTb HX B CBoeM 33S1BJ1el-lWH (n. 5 CT. 131 rn K). Xo-
TSI JaKOH He YCTal-laBJ1J;tuaCT KaKJ;tx-nH60 OrpaHHl.feHH" B03MO>KHOCTH
J;tCTua 060CHOB3Tb npeJJnSlBJ1S1eMbIM 11M J;tCK nt06blMJ;t (l>aKTaMH peaJIb-
..
"IOH neHCTBHTenbHOCTW, HO 3..la'"le..lJ.te I1MelOT TOnbKO IOpl111I1'-1eCKHe
ct>aKTbl-06cTOHTeJlbCTua. KOTOpble BJ1eKyr B031-IWKHOBeHHe Me)K)lY CTOpO-
1-laMH M3Tepl13J1bHO-npaBOBorO cnopa. OCT3J1b..lbIC <paKTbl HMelOT '-II1CTO
HI-I<P0PM3THBHbIM xapaKTep W Ha pe3ynbTaTe pa3peUJeHHSI cnopa "Ie OT-
pa)K3IOTCSJ.
OCHOB3HHe HCKa npeDCTaBJ1S1eT c060i1 cOBoKynHocTb <paKTOB, npe-
JJYCMOTpeHHblX KOHKpeTI-lbIMH "lopMaMH npaBa.
I1MeHHO TonbKO B 3TOM 3Ha'-leHWJ;t TepMI1I-1 «(OCI-IOBaHJ;te HCKa» npl1-
MeHJleTCH 3aKOHOM ('I. I CT. 39, CT. 134 rn K). TaK, OC..IOBaHweM HCKa
Moryr cnY)KJ;tTb CJ:{cnKJ;t. B ll3CTHOCTH JJOrOBOpbl, cpaKTbl HapyweHJ;tSl
npaB, Q>3KTbl, cJ1Y}f(aw.J;te OCHOBaHweM HacneDoB3Hi1S1, <paKTbl npH\{HHe-
HJ;tSJ Bpena, HacTynncHHSI cpOKa, YCROBHSI 11 T.n.
111
OCHOBaHHe MCKa 06bl l l HO COCTOHT He H3 O)lHOrO <!>aKTa, a H3 HeKO-
'"" 4,.JI
TOpOH COBOKYI1HOCTH, COOTBeTCTBYlOllleJtl rHl10Te3e HOpMbl MaTepHaJ1b-
Horo 11paBa H HMeHyeMoM Q>aKTHLleCKHM COCTaBOM.
OCHOBaHHe H npe.n.MeT HCKa COCTaBJ1S1IOT Te 11pH3HaKH, no KOTOpblM
K3>KJlbIH HCK OTnHLlaeTCSI OT nlO60ro .n.pyroro HCKa; no 3THM 3J1eMeHTaM
MO)f(eT 6blTb YCTaJ-IOBJ1eHO TaK)f(e, 1.ITO HCK, HecMoTpSl H3 npo.n.on)f(eHl1e
.n.ena, nocne H3MeHeHHSI HCTUOM npe.n.MeTa wnH OCHOBaHI1S1 (1.1.. I CT. 39
rnK) OCTancSi TeM >Ke caMblM (BHyrpeHHee TO)f(.[leCTBo). B 3TOM COCTO-
HT HHllHBI1.UYaJ1H3HpYlOlllee 3H3 t leHHe OCHOBaHHSI H npe.n.MeT3 HCKa.
J.1H.n.HBHnyanH3aUWSI WCKa He06xo.n.HMa B Tex CJ1YLlaSlX, Kor.n.a CYJl
BCTpeltaeTCH C BOl1pOCOM 0 TOM, He 6blJ1 J1H 11pe.n.1>SlBJ1S1eMbIH I1CK Y>Ke
npWHSlT .n.pyrHM Cy.n.OM K p3CCMOTpeHI11O HJ1H He 6blJ1 J111 paHee pa3pe-
weli Cy.n.OM. LlnSi pa3peweHHSI 3Toro npaKTI1LleCKI1 BeCbMa BIDKHoro BO-
npoca Heo6xo.n.HMO YCTaHOBHTb, I1MeeTCSI J111 TO)f(QeCTBO HCK3, pa3pe-
weHHoro (HnH pa3pewaeMoro) Cy.n.OM, 11 HCKa BHOBb np e .n.1>HBJ1HeMOrO
(BHewHee TO)f(.[leCTBO).
TO)KJleCTBeHHbIMI1 6y.n.yr HCKI1, B KOTOpblX COBna.a.aIOT CTOpOHbl,
npe.n.MeT H OCHOBaHHe. npH 3TOM <!>aKTbl, 060cHOBbiBalOlliHe I1CK, HH-
JlHBH.n.yanH3HpYIOT paCCMaTpHBaeMoe cy.n.OM npaBOOTHoweHHe J1HWb
npH YCJ10BHW HX COBepWeHI1H .n.o MOMeHTa y.n.aJIeHHSI cy.n.a B COBellla-
TeJ1bHYIO KOMHaTY. <I>aKTbl, COBepWHBWHeCH 110CJ1e 3Toro MOMeHTa.
C03.n.a1OT HOBoe OCHOB3HHe, Ha KOTopoe .n.eHCTBHe peweHHH cy.n.a He
pacnpOCTpaHSleTCH..
npe.n.MeT H OCHOBal-iHe HCKa HH.n.HBH.n.YaJII13HPYIOT H caM npouecc
110 KOHKpeTHOMY rpa)KJlaHCKOMY .n.eJ1Y, onpe.n.eJ1HH rpaHHUbl cy.n.e6Horo
nOKa3bIBaHHSI, 061>eM npaB H 06S13aHHocTei1 CTOpOH, Q>OPMbl 11 npe.n.eJ1bl
npe06pa30BaHHsI HCK3 no YCMoTpeHHIO HCTua nyreM H3MeHeHHSI npe.n.-
MeTa HJ1H OCHOBaHHSI. 110 npe.n.MeTY HCKa OCYllieCTBJ1S1eTCSI 11 BH.n.OBaH
KJlaCcHQ>HKauwsl I1CKOB.
5.2. nOAseAoMCTseHHoCTb H nOACYAHocrb AeI1
B COOTBeTCTBHI1 co CT. 118 KOHCTHTYUHI1 P<I> npaBocy.n.l1e OCYllieCT-
BJ1HeTCSI TonbKO Cy.n.OM. O.n.HaKo Mbl .n.OJ1)f(Hbl 3HaTb, 1.ITO 3alllWTa npaB
rpa)f(.[laH B03MO)l(Ha He TonbKO cy.n.aMH 06111eH IOpHC.n.HKUHH, HO 11 B
ap6HTpa)f(HOM H TpeTeHCKOM cYJlax HJ1H B MMHHHCTpaTHBHOM 110pSl.n.Ke.
Ka)KJlblH opraH rocy.n.apCTB3, BblnOJ1HSlSI B03JIO)f(eHHble Ha Hero 3a-
.n.aLllrf. .n.OJ1)f(eH .n.ei1cTBoB3Tb B 11pe.n.eJlax npeJlOCTaBJleHHblX eMY nOJ1HO-
MOLllrfM H He BTopraTbCs:I B KOMneTeHuHIO .n.pyrl1x opraHOB. TaKoe pa3-
rp3HH l leHHe nOJ1HOMOLIWM HBJ1SleTCSI Ba)f(HbIM YCJ10BHeM, 06ecne1.IHBalO-
lllHM HOPMlliIbHYIO, npaBOMepHYIO .n.eSITeJ1bHOCTb Bcero rocy.n.apCTBeHHO-
ro annapaTa, B TOM 1.IHCJ1e 11 Cy.n.OB.
no cMblcny CT. 163 KOHCTI1TYUI1H 11paBocy.n.l1e B POCCHi1CKOH <I>e-
u .....
.n.epaUHH l"fO)f(eT OCYllleCTBJ1S1TbCSI TOJ1bKO Cy.n.OM, HHKaKOH .n.pyroH opraH
112
rocy.napCTBeHHOM BJ1aCTI1 HJ111 YllpaBJ1eHI1H He BnpaBe npl1HSlTb Ha ce6H
cyne6Hbie <j>YHKUI1I1 11 pa3peWI1Tb Bonpoc, OTHeceHHblM 3aKOHOM K Be-
.n.eHI1IO cy.n.a. T01.lHO TaK )Ke HI1 O.n.I1H cyn lie MO)f(eT npl1HSlTb K np0l13-
BO.n.CTBY 11 paJpeWI1Tb .n.eJlo. OTHeceHHoe no 33KOHY K Be.n.eHI1IO .n.pyrl1x
np3BOOXpaHI1TeJ1bHbIX opraHOB.
OTCIOn3 CJ1e.n.yeT, 1.ITO, npl1HI1MaSl .neJ10 K Ilp0I13BO.n. C TBY, cy.n. .n.on>KeH
npe e Bcero npOBepl1Tb, MO)f(eT J111 .n.atlHoe .n.eJ10 Bo06IUe p3CCMaTpl1-
BaTbCSI B cy.n.e6HOM nopH.n.Ke, He OTHeceHO nl1 OHO JaKOHOM K Be.n.eHI1IO
KaKOrO-J11160 .n.pyroro opraH3. l\pyrl1MI1 CJ10BaMI1, OH nOn)f(eH onpe.n.e-
J1I1Tb no.n.Be.n.OMCTBeHHOCTb .n.eJ1a..
nO.n.BeLlOMCTBeHHOCTb B rpa aHCKOM npouecce I1MeeT 33,a31.1eH
TO'-IHOe onpe.n.eneHl1e Kpyra rpa}f{J:l3HCKI1X .n.en, pa3peWeHI1e KOTOpblX
3aKOHOM OTHecet-iO K KOMneTeHUI1H onpe.n.eJ1eHHoro rocy.n.3pCTBeHHoro
opraHa 11J111 o6lUeCTBeHHoH Opr3H1133UI1I1. B COOTBeTCTBl111 C TI1M pa3-
nl1'-1aeTCH nonBC.n.OMCTBeHHOCTb cy.ne6HaSl (06weMY I1nl1 ap6I1Tpa)f(HOMY
CYllY), 3JJ-MI1HI1CTp3TI1BH3S1, no.n.Bc.n.OMCTBeHHOCTb nen 06weCTBeHHbiM
OpraHI133U l1 HM (TpeTeHCKOMY cy.n.y, 6l1p>KeBblM KOMHCCI1HM 11 .n.p.). Cne-
nOBaTeJ1bliO, onpeneJ1HTb no.n.Be.n.OMCTBeHHOCTb rpa}f{J:laHCKI1X .n.eJ1 06-
lUeMY cy.n.y 3Ha L II1T BbISlCHI1Tb, KaKl1e WMeHHO 113 HI1X no 33KOHY no.n.-
J1e)f(aT paCCMOTPeHl11O B Cy.n.3X B 110pSl.n.Ke rpa)f(a3HCKOro cy.n.onp0I13BO.n.-
CTBa. K Be.n.eHHIO Cy.n.OB 06IUeM IOpl1Cnl1KU1111 OTHOCHTCH:
. .n.ella no cnop3M, B03HI1KalOWl1M 113 rpa)KD,aHCKI1X, ceMeHHblX,
Tpy.n.OBbIX H K0J1X03HbIX npaBOOTHOWeHI1M, eCJ1H XOTSI 6bl OLlHOH
113 CTOpOH B cnope SlBJ1S1eTC rp3)KD,3HI1H, 3a HCKJ1IO'-IeHl1eM CJ1Y-
.
LlaeB, Kor.n.a pa3peWeHI1e T3KI1X cnopOB 3aKOHOM OTHeceHO K Be-
.n.eHHIO 3JJ-MI1HI1CTpaTI1BHbIX IrfJ111 I1HblX opraliOB;
. .neJ13 no CllopaM, B03HI1K3101UI1M 113 .n.OrOBOpOB IlepeB03KI1 rpY30B
B npH OM Me)f(aYHaponHO )f(ene3Ho.n.op0)KHOM 11 B03LlYWHOM
rpY30BOM C006weHI1H Me)KJly npe.n.npI1HTI1S1MI1, OpraHI13aUH MI1,
C O.n.HOH CTOpOHbl, 11 opraHaMW )f(eJle3Ho.aop0)KHOrO 11J111 B03-
4",JO
.n.YWHoro TPaHcnopTa, c .n.pyro" CTOpOHbl, BblTeKalOllll1M H3 Me-
)KJlYHapo.n.HbIX cOrJ1aWeHI1H;
. .n.en3, B03HI1KalO1lll1e 113 MMI1HI1CTPaTI1BHO-npaBOBbIX OTHOWeHI1H;
. .aeJ13 oc06oro 11pOH3BonCTBa.
Cy.n.3MI1 paCCMaTpl1BalOTCH T3K)f(e 11 .apyrl1e .n.ena B CJ1r-IaSlX, YCTa-
HOBJ1eHHbIX 3aKOHo.n.aTeJ1bCTBOM POCCHHCKOH <I>e.n.ep3UHH 11J111 BXO.n.SI-
111I1X B ee COCTaB pecny6J1I1K. OnHaKO HMO YLII1TbIBaTb. tJTO 3KOHOMI1'-1e-
CK3S1 pe<j>opM3 B POCCI1MCKOH <I>e.n.epaUI1I1, Henocpe.n.CTBeHHO CB 3aHHaSl
4",JO U
C 113MeHeHweM BCe" CHCTeMbl 3KOHOMlrft.JeCKI1X OTHOWeHI1H Ha OCHOBe
BBe.n.CHI1H MHoro06p3311S1 11 paBeHCTBa <Jx>PM co6CTBeHHOCTI1 11 <t>OpM
U
X03 HCTBOBaHHSI, KopeHHble 113MeHeHI1H, np0l130rn e .n. WHe B nOJ1I1TI11.1e-
CKOH, COUl1aJ1bHOH >K113HI1 06111eCTBa, 110BJ1eKJ111 3a C060M CYllleCTBeHHoe
113MeHeHHe rpa)K[(aHCKOro IlpoueCCYaJ1bHOrO 3aKOHo.n.aTenbCTBa, 3Ha L II1-
TeJlbHO paCWHpHBwero KOMneTeHUl11O cy.n.O B no pa3peWeHI11O rpa}f{J:l3H-
113
CKI1X nen. n03TO Y B HaCTOSIwee BpeMSJ YKa3aHHbie HOpMbl He06xoD.l1-
u
MO paCCMalpHBaTb B TeCHOH CBSl311 C MHOrO L II1CJ1eHHbIMI1 3aKOHa 111,
npl1HSlTblMI1 B nOCJ1eJ:{Hee BpeMSI, H3 '-II1CJ1a KOTOpblX npe)l()le Bcero CJ1e-
llyeT Bb.neJ1HTb 3aKoH «06 ap611Tpa>KHOM CYlle), 3aKoH «06 06>KaJ10Ba-
HHI1 B cyn. .nei1cTBI1H 11 peWeHI1H, HapywalOllll1x npaBa 1-1 cB060nbl rpa-
}f(JlaH)} OT 27 anpeJ1SJ 1993 r.; 3eMeJ1bHbl" KoneKC, HaJIoro Boe, neHCI10H-
Hoe 3aKOHOllaTeJ1 bCTBO 11 D.p.
AH3Jl113 3TI1X 11 .apyrl1x 3aKOHOB, npl1HSlTblX B nocne,nHee BpeMSI, no-
Ka3b1BaeT, '-ITO rpa)KD3HcKoe cYD.Onp0I13BOD.CTBO CTaHOBI1TCSJ OCHOBHblM
11 Bceo6DeMJ1I0111I1M Ciloc060M 3allll1Tbi npaB 11 oxpaHSIeMblX 3aKOHOM
I1HTepeCOB rpa>KJlaH 11 I1X 061>eD.I1HeHHH He TonbKO B CJ1Y1.JaSlX, YKa3aH-
HblX CT. 22 rn K PcI>, HO npaKTI1'-1eCKM B J1106b1X KOH$J1HKTHbIX CHT}'a-
UI1 X, KOr.lla B pe3YJ1bTaTe D.eHCTBI1H KalS"X-J11160 J1I1U, opraHH33UI1H,
opraHOB rocYD.apCTBeHHoH BJ1aCTI1 11 ynpaBJ1eHI1S1 yweMJ1HIOTCSI rapaHTI1-
pOBaHHbie KOHCTI1TYUl1ei1 11 .apyrJ1MI1 3aKOHaMI1 npaBa 11 cB060llbi rpa-
)KDaH nl160 C03 aIOTCSI nOMeXI1 B I1X oCYllleCT8J1eHI1I1
3TO npHHUl1nHaJ1bHOe n0J10)f(eHl1e lteTKO 3aKpenJ1eHO B OCHoBe 3a-
KOHOD.aTenbCTBa «(0 CYD.0YCTpoWCTBe» I: rpa}f(JlaHe I1MelOT npaBO Ha cy-
lle6JlYlO 33WHTY OT HenpaBoMepHblx D.eMCTBI1H opraHoB rOCYD.apCTBeH-
Horo ynpaBneHI1H 11 D.OJ1>KHOCTHbIX J1I1U" a TalOKe OT J1106b1X nocSlra-
TeJ1bCTB Ha llCCTb 11 nOCTOHHCTBO, )f(H3Hb 11 3JlOpOBbe. Ha J1HLIHYIO CBO-
60llY 11 HMYllleCTBO, I1Hbie npaBa H CB06oD.bl, npe.nycMolpeHHble KOH-
CTI1TYUHeii 11 33KOHaMH. J.1HOH nOpSlD.OK 3aWl1Tbi npaB 11 3aKOHHbiX 111-1-
TepeCOB rpa)KJJ.aH MO)KeT 6blTb YCTaHOBJ1eH TOJ1bKO 3aKOHaMI1 POCCI1"-
CKO" cI>eD.epaUHI1 H pecny6J1I1K, BxonSJllll1X B ee COCT3B.
TaKI1M 06pa30M, npl1 onpeD.eJ1e}11111 cYD.e6HOH no.nBe.nOMCTBeHHOCTI1
B o6nacTI1 pa3peWeHI1 rpa}f(JlaHCKI1X D.eJ1 B HaCTOSJwee BpeMSI He HMeeT
v
3HalteHI1H, 113 KaKI1X IlpaBOOTHOWeHHI1 B03HI1K cnop, nOCKOJ1bKY, KaK
3TO BI1.aHO 113 Ilpl1BeneHHoro n0J10>KeHI1SJ RI060e npaBO H cB060lla rpa-
)KJlaHI1Ha nOWle>KaT CYD.e6HOH 3aWI1Te, eCJ111 I1HOH nOpSlD.OK npHMO He
YCTaHOBl1eH 3aKOHOM.
Kpyr TaKI1X CJ1YLlaeB BeCbMa He3Ha'-lHTeJ1eH. TaK, B COOTBeTCTBl111 C
TK P<!> no.n.aBJ1SJlOlllaH '-IaCTb KOJ1J1eKTI1BHbIX Tpy.aOBbIX cnopOB, B03HI1-
KalOllll1X Me>KJlY aL1MI1HHCTpaUHeH npeD.npHSlTI1S1 (opraHI13aUI1I1) 11 TPY-
1l0BbiM KonneKTHBOM HJ111 npo<J>C01030M, cy.aaM He nOD.BeD.OMCTBeHHa 11
paCCMaTpHBaeTCSJ B oc060M nopSinKe. J.1CK11IO'-IeHl1e COCTaBJ1S1IOT D.eJla 0
npH3Hal-II1H 3a6aCTOBKI1 He3aKOHHO", pa3peWeHI1e KOTOpblX OTHeceHO K
BeJ:{eHHIO cy.aOB 06weH IOpHCD.MKUMI1.
J.13 LJI1CJ1a I1HD.I1BI1D.YaJlbHbIX TPYD.OBbIX cnopOB CYD.Y He 110IlOeD.OMCT-
BeHHbl Ii pa3pewalOTCSI B OC060M nOp llKe cnopbl pYKOBonSJwl1X pa60T-
HI1KOB, 1136HpaeMblX, yrBep)KDaeMblX 11J111 Ha3Ha1.JaeMblX Ha D.OJ1>KHOCTb
BblCWI1MI1 opraHaMI1 rOCYD.apCTBeHHOH 8J1aCTI1 11 ynpaBJ1eHHSI POCCI1H-
.
1 CM.: OCII06b1 3aKOH01l3TenbCTBa «0 CYllonpOI1JBon,CTBC». CT. 7.
114
CKOH <1>e.n.epaUI1H, a TaK)f(e cy.n.eH, npOKypOPOB, I1X 33MeCTHTeJ1eH 11 no-
MOlllHI1KOB no BonpOC3M YBOJ1bHeHI1H, nepeBon 3 H3 .n.pyrylO p360TY,
OnJ1aTbl 3a BpeMSI BblHY)I(lleHHOrO nporyna I1nl1 BblllOnHeHI1S1 HH>KeOnJ1a-
Lll1BaeMOH pa60Tbi 11 HaJ10)f(eHI1H nl1CUl1nJ1I1HapHbiX B3bICK3HI1H. nonHO-
CTblO coxpaHSIeT 3Ha\JeHl1e aLlMI1HI1CTP3TI1BHblH nOpJl.n.OK pa3perneHI1S1
HeKOTopblX >Kl1nl1111HbIX .n.en, 3eMeJ1bHblX cnopOB, cnopOB, B03HI1KalO-
WI1X 113 ceMeHHbiX. <!>I1H3HCOBbIX, 3.llMI1HI1CTp3THBHbIX IlpaBOOTHorne-
HI1H, 113 OTHOlUeHI1H, peryJ1l1pyeMblx 11306peTaTenbcKHM naTeHTHblM
npaBOM H np. npl1Mepl O TOT )Ke npl1HUl1n .n.eHcTByeT 11 npl1 onpe.n.ene-
HHI1 061JlI1X rpaHI1U 110nBe.nOMCTBeHHOCTI1 .n.eJ1 ap6HTpa)f(HOMY cy.n.y.
CJ10>KHee peW3eTCSI Bonpoc 0 pa3rpaHI1\JeHHI1 11o.n.Be.n.OMCToeHHOCTI1
Cy.n.OB 06w.eH IOpHC.n.I1KUI1I1 H ap6HTp3)f(HOrO CY113. I1CXOJlHble <t>aKTOpbl
npl1 peWeHl111 .n.3HHoro Bonpoca xapaKrep cnopHoro npaBOOTHOlUe-
HI1f1 " ero cy61>eKTHbli1 COCT3B. Ap6HTpa)KHbIH cyn .n.eHcTByeT npel1MY-
llleCTBerlHO B 06J1aCTI1 pa3perneHI1S1 X03HMCTBeHHbiX (3KOHOMI1'-1eCKI1X)
CllOpOB, B03HI1KalO1lll1X Me)f(l(y npe.nnpI1HTI1 MH, OpraHI133UHSlMI1, a
T3K)Ke rp3>K11.3HaMI1-llpe.n.npHHJ.fMaTenSlMI1 B npouecce ocyw.eCTBJ1eHI1H
HMH Ilpennpl1HI1MaTeJ1bCKoi1 l1eSITeJ1bHOCTI1. Ho Te >Ke cnopbl nOJ]J1e)KaT
paccMOTpeHl11O B cy.n.e 06weH IOpI1C.n.I1KUI1I1, eCJ111 XOTSI 6bl onHOW 113
u
CTOpOH HBl1S1eTC rp3)f(ll3HI1H, He HMelOWl111 CTaT)'ca npe.nllpHHHM3TeJlH,
J11160 B cnYll3e Korna rpa}f{):l3HI1H HMeeT TaKOH CTaT)'C, HO .n.eno B03-
HI1KJ10 He B CB 311 C OCYllleCTBneHl1eM 11M Ilpe.nnpHHI1MaTeJ1bCKoft .n.eH-
TenbHOCTI1. npl10pHTeT cy.n.aM 061lleH IOpI1C.n.I1KUI1H OT.n.aeTC T310Ke 11 B
TOM CJ1Y'-l3e, Korna B 3aKOHo.n.aTeJ1bHOM aKTe no.nBe110MCTBeH HOCTb 0"-
pe.n.eneHa 3J1bTepHaTI1BHO (cyn.y HnH ap6I1Tp3>KHOMY cy.uy) nl160 I1MeIOT-
CH J1I1Wb 06111l1e YKa3aHI1S1 0 cy.ne6HOM nopSl.nKe paCCMOTpeHI1 Tpe60-
B3HI1S1 I1nl1 )I(aJl06bl. C l1pyroi1 CTOpOHbl, HMO I1MeTb B Bl1ny, LITO HeMa-
J10e 411cno CllOpOB, B03HI1KalO1lll1X Me)l(J!Y OpraHI133UHSlMI1, B HaCTOSllllee
BpeM 110-npe>KHeMY paCCMaTP"BaeTCSI cy.n.aMI1 06weH IOpI1C.nI1KUHI1.
B 110p JlKe I1CKJI IOLleHI1 113 06111ero npaBI1J1a 0 110.n.BeJlOMCTBeH HO-
CTI1 ap6HTpa)f(HOMY cy.ny cnopOB, B03HI1KalOw.I1X H3 HorOBopOB Ilepe-
B03KH, B npe.nenax no.n.Be.n.OMCTBeHHOCTI1 CYl1aM o6w.ew IOpI1C.n I1K UI1I1
.
OCTaBJ1eHbl .neJla no C110p3M, B03HI1KalOWI1M 113 .n.orOBopOB nepeB03KI1
rpY30B B IlpHl\fOM MC)KDYH3pO.n.HOM )KeJ1e3Ho.n.op0)KHOM 11 B03.n.YWHOM
rpY30BOM C006111eHI1I1. Cy.n.bl BnpaBe paCCMaTpHBaTb no.n.06Hb e cnopbl
He3aBI1CHMO OT CYMMbl HCKa, eCJlH Me)KDYH3p0l1HbIM COrJ1aWeHl1eM He
YCTaHOBJ1eHO I1Hoe. 06 33TenbHb1M npH3H3KOM TaKoro .n.orOBop3, 3 3H3-
.
ltl1T, 11 Kpl1Tepl1eM. n03B0J1HI01llI1M OTrp3HI1\JI1Tb YKa3aHHbie l1eJ1a OT
Bcex 11PO\jI1X cnOpoB, BbITeKalOw.I1X 113 JlOrOBOpOB nepeB03KI1, Sl8J1S1eTCR
H3J1H'-IHe HhKJ1aaHOM Me)KDYHaponHoro )f(eJ1e3Ho.nop0)f(HOrO, BOJ.n.YWHO-
ro I1flH CMewaHHoro >Kene3Ho.n.opO>KHO-Bo.n.Horo co06111eHHSI, COCTaB-
J1eHHOH no YCTaHOBJ1eHHOW <t>opMe. npl1 OTcyrCTBI1H H3KJ1a.IlHOH .n.eJ10
nO.lJ...ne>KI1T paCCMOTpeHHIO B ap611lpa)l(HOM cy.n.e.
B CI1CTeMe Cy.n.OB 06weH IOpI1C.n.I1KUI1I1 paCCMaTpl1B31OTCSI JleJ1a, CBSI-
3aHH ble C H3pyweHI1eM 33KOHo.n3TeJ1bCTBa 06 3KOHOMI1'-1eCKOH 30He
115
POCCI1HCKOH <1>en.epaUI1I1; n.eJ1a 0 npl13HaHI111 npOTI1B03aKOHHOH n.eSl-
TeJ1bHOCTI1 06l>enl1HeHI1H rpa)KD,aH, B TOM IJl1cne nOJ1I1TH'-IeCKI1X napTI1H,
06weCTBeHHbiX OpraHI13aUHH 11 MaCCOBblX n.BH>KeHI1i1, nOCSIralOweH Ha
HaUl10HaJIbHoe paBHOnpaBl1e rpa)f(JlaH W HaCHnbcTBeHHoe HapyrueHHe
en.WHCTBa TeppHTOp1111 POCCHHCKOH cI>en.epaUI1J1, 11 ee 3anpel11eHI1H. 3a-
KOHOM POCCI1HCKOH <1>en.epaUI1I1 OT 27 JleKa6pSl 1991 r. «0 cpen.cTBax
MaCCOBOH I1H<J>opMaUI1H» I YCTIlHOBJ1eHO, tJTO OTKa3 B perl1CTpaUl111
cpen.CTBa MaCCOBOH HHQ>opMaUI1I1 nl160 HapyweHl1e rOCYJlapCTBeHHblM
opraHOM nopSlDKa 11 CpOKOB perHCTpaUI1H, a TalOKe peWeHl1e 0 npeKpa-
weHHI1 n.eSlTeJ1bHOCTI1 Cpen.CTBa MaCCOBOH HH<J>opMaUI1H MOryr 6blTb
06)1(aJI0BaHbi B cyn. 11 paCCMaTpI1BalOTCSI cyn.OM, BKJlIO'-IaSl I1MywecTBeH-
Hble cnopbl, B nopSln.Ke rpa)l(l{aHCKOro cyn.onpOH3BOJlCTBa. BocnpenSlT-
CTBOBaHl1e pacnpOCTpaHeHl11O npon.YKUl1l-f cpen.CTBa MaccoBoi1 I1H<J>OP-
MaUI1I1, B TOM LjHCJ1e nyreM 1131>SlTWH Tl1pa)f(a 11J111 ero tJaCTI1, He n.onyc-
KaeTCSI I1HalJe KaK Ha OCliOB3HI1I1 BCTYnl18WerO B 3aKOHHYIO cl1ny pewe-
HHSI cYJla COrJ1aCHO CT. 9 3aKOHa «06 I1HOCTpaHHblX I1HBeCTI1UI1HX B
PC<1>CP) cnopbl HHOCTpaHHblX HHBecTopoB 11 npeJlnpl1S1TI1H C I1HO-
cTpaHHblMH I1HBeCTI1UI1HMH C rocyn.apCTBeHHblMI1 opraHaMH, npeJlnpl1-
SlTI1HMI1, 06wecTBeHHblMI1 OpraHI13aUI1s:1MI1 H JlpyrHMI1 IOpl1n.I1'-1eCKHMI1
J1I1UaMI1, cnopbl Me)l(lly HHBeCTOpaMI1 11 npennpHSlTI1S1MH C I1HocTPaH-
U ..
HblMI1 I1HBeCTI1UHSlMH no BonpocaM, CBSl3aHHbiM C I1X X03S1I1CTBeHH0I1
n.eHTeJ1bHOCTblO, a TaK>Ke cnopbl Me)l(lly Y'-lacTHI1KaMI1 npeJlnpl1S1TI1H C
HHOCTpaHHblMH HHBeCTI1UI1S1MH 11 CaMI1M npe,nllpI1HTHeM, paccMaTpI1-
B3IOTCSI cyn.aMI1 o6weM IOpI1CJlI1KUI1I1, ecnl1 HHOH 110pSln.OK He npen.y-
CMOTpeH Me)f(LlYHapon.HbIM DorOBopOM, n.ei1cTBYIOWI1M Ha TeppHTOpl1W
POCCI1i1CKOH <1>en.epaUI1I1.
Cnop 06 OTMeHe pa3peWeHI1H Ha X03S1HcTBeHHYIO n.eSlTenbHOCTb,
Bbln.aHHoro opraHH3aUI1I1, rpa>KllaHWHY-llpen.npI1HI1MaTeJ1lO, nODl1e>KI1T
pa3perueHI11O B ap6I1Tpa)f(HOM cyn.e. Ecnl1 >Ke rpa)KllaHI1H, nOn}"-lHBWI1H
pa3perueHHe Ha X03s:1HCTBeHHYlO JleSlTeJ1bHOCTb, ewe He 3aperHCTpHpO-
BaH KaK npeJlnpWHHMaTenb TaKOH cnop pa3pewaeTCSI B cyne 06weH
IOP"Cn. WK UIM.
llnSl yperynl1poBaHI1S1 OTHOCI1MOCTI1 pa3peWeHI1S1 npaBOBblX cnopOB
.
K TOMY I1J1H HHOMY ynOJJHOMO'-leHHOMY IOpl1CJlI1KUHOHHOMY opraHY He-
06XODHMO pa3rpaHI1'-1I1Tb I1X KOMnereHUI1IO, T.e. yCTIlHOBI1Tb npaBI1J1a
nO}lBenOMCTBeH HOCTI1.
nOJlBe OMCTBe""OCTL 3TO npoueCCYaJ1bHblH I1HCTHTyr, HOpMbl KO-
Toporo perynl1pYIOT pa3rpaHI1'-1eHl1e KOMneTeHUI1H Me)f(llY pa3JII1 L jHblMI1
IOpI1Cn.I1KUI10HHbIMI1 opraHaMI1 npl1 pa3peWeHI111 cnopa 0 npaBe H n.py-
rl1x IOpWDl1tJeCKI1X l1.en.
nOn.Ben.OMCTBeHHOCTb KOHKpeTHoro npaBOBoro Tpe6oBaHI1S1 MO>KeT
6blTb I1CKJllOlJI1TeJ1bHO", YCJ10BHOH, aJ1bTepHaTI1BHOH 11J111 onpeJleJlSleMOH
no CBH311 Tpe60BaHI1H.
t CM.: 3aKoH «0 Cpc.aCTBax MaCCOBO" I1H OpMaUI1"). CT. 61.
116
Cnoc06 3alUHTbi HapyweHHorO "1111 OCnap"B3eMOrO npaBa, HCKJlIO-
lJaSi B03MO)l(HOCTb 06pall.leHI1S1 3a pa3peweHHeM /lena B KaKOH-TO .apyroH
opraH, nOMl1l\fO YKaJaHHoro B 3aKOHe Ha3blBaeTCSI UCKAIO'IUmeA""OU noiJ-
6edoMcm6e""ocmblO.
11 CKJ1IO"1 "Ten bHaSi nOli Bello I\fCTBeH HOCTb YCTaHOBJIeHa DJ1S1 60nbw I1H-
....
CTBa cnopoB, B03HHKalOlUHx H3 rpa)KllaHCKHX, CeMe"HbIX, 3,aMHH"CTpa-
TI1BHblX npaBOOTHoweHHH_ BMeCTe C TeM, npl1HI1Ma BO BH"MaHl1e pa3-
n"'-IHble 06CTOSlTeJ1bCTBa (B OHHHX cJ1yqaSlx He06xon.HMocTb 06ecne-
'-I"Tb 60Jlee OnepaTI1BHOe peWeHl1e Bonpoca, "CKJ1104HTb B03MO>KHOCTb
nOCT}'nneHHSI B cy,U 3aBellOMO 6eccnopHbiX lien, B J1pyrl1X xapaKTep
cnopHoro npaBooTHOllleHI1S1, 6blCTPee 11 npaBI1J1bHee pa306paTbCSI B KO-
TOpOM MOryr C03.l1aHHble Ha MeCTax opraHbl HnH 06meCTBeHHble opra-
H"3aUHI1 11 T..n.), 3aKOHOllaTeJ1b B pSUle CJI}"-IaeB OTCTynaeT OT 3Toro
npaBHJ1a. KaTeropHSI rpa}f{):laHCKHX llel1, nO/lBe/lOMCTBeHHblx cYJlY 06weH
IOpI1C,UHKU"" I1n" ap611Tpa)l{HOMY CYllY, npl1 C06J1IOJ1eHI1H npellBapH-
TeJ1bHOrO BHecy.ne6Horo nop n.Ka yperynl1poBaHIUI cnopa Ha3blooeTCSI
YCA08"oii noOsedoMcmsel,,,ocm61O.
TaK, n.eJla no HCKaM, BblTeKalOWHM "3 >KeJ1e3Hon.opO>KHbIX, BOn.HbIX
"J1" B03J1YWHbIX nepeB030K, cy MO>KeT paCCMaTpl1BaTb TOJlbKO npH Bbl-
nOJlHeH"H HCTUOM npeTeH3HOHHoro nopJln.Ka, T.e. nocne npeHBap"-
TenbHoro npe)1DSlBJ1eHHSI HCTUOM npeTeH3HH HenocpellCTBeHHO K OTBeT-
"I"KY. B COOTBeTCTB"" co CT. 3 3aKoHa OT 21 MaSI 1990 r. «0 npaBax,
06S13aHHocTSIX H OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH rOCYllapCTBeHHblX H3J10rOBbIX HH-
cneKUHH» peweHHe H3J10rOBOH I1HCneKUHI1 no )l(aJl06aM Ha n.eHCTBI1S1
/lOJl>KHOCTHbIX nHU HHcneKUHH MO>KeT 6blTb 06>KaJ]OBaHO B BblweCTO -
WYIO HaJ10rOBYIO HHCneKUI1IO npJ1 HeCOrnac"" rpIDK.aaH C npI1HSITJ>IM
peweHHeM /le"CTBI1S1 /lOJl>KHOCTHbIX nl1U MOryr 6blTb 06)KaJ]OBaHbl B cyn..
He06xo.nHMOCTb npellBapHTenbHoro 06pall.leHwSI B BblWeCTOSlIl{"H opraH
Tpe6yeTcSI H no HeKOTopblM KaTerOpl1S1M neJl, B03H"KalOlUI1X "3 MM"-
HHCTP3THBHo-npaBOBbIX OTHOWeHI1H. YC110BHaSi nO,UBellOMCTBeHHOCTb
YCTaHOBJ1eHa DJ1S1 60nbWI1HCTBa TpYJ10BbIX 11 3eMeJlbHbiX cnopOB.
B03MO>KHOCTb paCCMOTpeHHH Tex HJ1H I1HblX KaTeropHH rpIDK.l1aH-
CKI1X n.en He TOJ1bKO B cyn.e, HO H B HpyroM IOpJ1Cll"KUHOHHOM opraHe
Ha3bl BaeTCSI tJAbmep"amU6"OU nod6ei}oMcm6e""ocmlJlO. Bbl60p Me)l(J:lY
HeCKOnbKI1MH opraHaMH, KoropblM cornaCHO 3aKOHY non.Be/lOMCTBeHHO
n.eJ10, B O/lHI1X CJ1Y'-laSix npen.OCTaBJ1S1eTCJI I1CTUY, B Jlpyrl1x onpen.eJ1 -
eTCSI COrJ1aWeHHeM CTOpOH. TaKaSi non.Be/lOMCTBeHHOCTb npellYCMOTpe-
Ha, B '-IaCTHOCT", lJ)JSI rpa}l(llaHCKO-npaBOBblX cnopOB, pa3pewaeMbiX
TPeTeHCK"M" CY/laMI1. )l(3J106a Ha peweHHe KOMI1CCH" no Ha3HaIJeHI11O
.. . .
neHCHH I\fO>KeT 6blTb nOllaHa B paHOHHblW (ropOHCKOH) opraH BJ1aCrn
nH60 B pai1oHHbll1 (ropOllcKOH) cy.n. B03MO)l{HOCTb Bbl60pa Me>K.nY cy-
/le6HOH 11 a.ll.M"HI1CTpaT fBHOH Q>OpMOH 3alUJ1Tbl npaBa 1l0nycKaeTcSI 11 B
HeKoTopblX n.pyrl1x CJ1Y'-laSix. nepe1.JeHb nO/l06HbIX /leJl HC1.JepnblBalOll{e
onpen.eJ1S1eTCSI 3aKOHOM.
117
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npJ.f 061>e/lI1HeHHI1 HeCKOJ1bK"X CBSl3aHHbiX Me)KJlY c060H Tpe6ooa-
HI1", 113 KOTOpblX O/lHH nOn.Ben.OMCTBeHHbl cyn.y 06UleH IOPHC/lI1KUI1", a
n.Pyrl1e ap611Tpa)l{HOMY CY/lY, Bce Tpe60BaHI1S1 nOD.JJe>KaT paCCMOTpe-
HI1IO B cyn.e 06weH IOpHC/l11 KUI1 11. EClI" I1X pa3n.eJ1eHl1e HeB03MO>KHO,
3TO H33blBaeTCSI nod6edoMcmse""ocmblO dell, no C6R3U mpe608Qlluii.. 061>-
eKTI1BHOe COe/lI1HeHHe Tpe6oBaHI1H B03MO)l{HO npl1 HaJll1'-1l1l1 06WHOCTI1
..
J.fX OCHOBaHHI1.
npl1 paccMOTpeHl111 Ilon.Be/lOMCTBeHHOCTH cne.nYeT c06J1IOn.aTb npa-
Bl1nO, YCTIlHOBJleHHOe B CT. 22 rn K PeI>.
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LITO OHI1 pa3pewalOTCH cyn.aMI1 06weH IOpl1cn."KUl1eH, T.e. CY/lbl, 3a I1C-
KJ1IO L leHl1eM ap6l1Tpa>KHblX CY/lOB oKpyroB, I1MelOT npaBO pa3pern3Tb
,...
/lena B K3'-1eCTBe cY.l1a nepBOI1 I1HCT3HUI1I1, T.e. BllepBble paCCMaTpl1BaTb
rpa>KJlaHCKo-npaBOBOH cnop. On.HaKO K3)KllbIH I1X HI1X I1MeeT npaBO
pa3pewaTb J1WWb OTHeceHHbie 3aKOHOM K ero KOMneTeHUHH n.eJ1a. no-
3TOMY Dl1S1 Bbln.eJ1eH"SI rpIDK.naHCKI1X /len, nOD.JJe>KalllI1X paccMOTpeHl11O B
TOM 1111 11 "HOM cy.ae nepBOH HHCTaHUI1I1, 3aKOHO/l3Tenb J1CnOnb3yeT Ta-
KOI1 HHCTI1Tyr, KaK nO/lCY/lHOCTb.
nodcytJllocmb 3TO npoueCCYaJlbHblH 11 HCTI11Yf, HOpMbl KOToporo
perYJ1I1PYIOT pa3rpaHI1'-1eHl1e KOMneTeHUI1" no paCCMOTpeHl11O " pa3pe-
WeHl110 rpaJKllaHCKI1X .aen Me>KJlY KOHKpeTHbIM" n.eJ1aMI1 06meH IOpI1C-
n.IKU"".
Ecnl1 nOnBen.OMCTBeHHOCTb pa3rpaHI1'-1"BaeT nOJ1iIOMO'-lI1S1 Ha pa3-
peWeH"H IOpHnH'-IeCKI1X n.eJ1 paJ..nI1 L IHbIMI1 IOpI1C):tI1KUI10HHbIMI1 opraHa-
MI1, TO 110/lCyn.HOCTb pa3rpaHH'-II1BaeT nOJ1HOMO'-lI1H Me)f(JlY pa3JIW1.JHbIMI1
cyn.aMI1 on.l-tO" cYlle6HOH CI1CTeMbl.
B rpa)f(Jl3HCKOM npouecce B 3aBHCI1MOCT" OT pO/la n.ena 11 Teppl1TO-
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noncyn.HOCTI1.
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TeHUl110 CY/lOB paJ..nW'-IHbIX 3BeHbeB (YPOBHeH) CY/le6HOH C"CTeMbl B Ka-
'-IeCTBe cyn. a nepBOH HHCTaHU"".
no pO.aOBOMY npl13HaKY onpen.eJ1S1eTCSI:
. 60-nep6b1X, nO/lCYJ1HOCTb en, paCCMaTpI1BaeMblX Ml1pOBbIM"
CY/lbRMJ.f, pa"OHHbIMI1, BoeHHblMI1 cy.naMJ1 Ha ypOBHe cy61>eKTOB
PeI> H BepXOBHblM Cyn.OM P<I>; I ·
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CY/laMI1 Ha ypOBHe Cy6beKTOB pq> 11 BblCWI1M Ap6I1Tpa>KHbIM
Cy n.O M P<I>.
Pon.OBaSi nO/lCY/lHOCTb onpen.enHeTCSI B rn K PeI> B CT. 24 r 27.
PonoBaSi non.cy.aHOCTb OnpelleJ1HeT, cyn. KaKoro ypOBHSI n.OJl)f(eH pac-
CMOTpeTb cnop. B HaCTOHwee BpeMH n01.JTI1 BCSI OCHOBHaSi pa6oT3 no
Henocpe.acTBeHHoMY ocymeCTBJleHl11O npaBOCYn."SI B 06naCTI1 rpa>KJlaH-
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CKHX /le11 BblnonHHeTCH paHOHHblMI1 (ropo.ncKI1MI1) CY/laMI1. PaHoHHblH
118
(ropO!lCKoi1) CY.ll Hal160J1ee npI16J1I1>KeH K HaCeneHHIO 11 OpraHI13aUHHM,
3al1HTepeCOBaHHbiM B 6blCTpoM 11 npaBHJ1bHOM pa3peWeHI111 lIen a, n}"-l-
we 3HaeT MeCTHble ycnOBI1H, pacnonaraeT 60J1ee Wl1pOKHMI1 B03MO)KHO-
CTHMI1 MH HenOCpeJ1CTBeHHoro 03HaKOMJ1eHI1H C 06CTOSlTeJlbCTBaMI1
KOHKpeTHoro J1eJ1a H, CJ1enOBaTenbHO, MO>KeT pa3peWI1Tb ero C HaJ1-
MeHbWI1MI1 3aTpaTaMI1 Y L laCTHI1KaMH npouecca CI1J1, CpeJ1CTB J1 BpeMeHJ1.
liTO )f(e KacaeTCSI BblweCTOHWI1X CYllOB CJ1 e llY lO lll l1X 3BeHbeB cYlle6HOH
CI1CTeMbl: BepXOBHblX CYJ10B pecny6nl1K B COCTaBe POCCI1HCKOH <I>en.e-
paUI1I1, 06naCTHbiX 11 K HJ1M npl1paBHeHHblX CY.llOB, TO Kpyr rpa)KllaH-
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HO HeBenHK. CornaCHO rn K PeI> YKa3aHHbie CY.llbl 111\1elOT IlpaBO H31>SlTb
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rocSi Ha Teppl1TOpl111 COOTBeTCTBYlOlllei1 pecny6J1I1KH, KpaSl, 06naCTH,
ropOJ1a. aBTOHOMHOH 06J1aCTI1 I1nH aBTOHOMHoro oKPyra, 11 npJ1HSlTb ero
u
K np0l13BonCTBY B I(8LleCTBe cYJ1a nepBOI1 I1HCTaHUHI1.
Ha npaKTHKe Ha3BaHHbie CY.llbl lJallle Bcero npl1l-1I1MalOT K npOH3BO.ll-
CTBY oco60 Ba>KHble J1eJ1a, I1MelOLUl1e Wl1pOKoe 06wecTBeHHoe 3Ha'-leHl1e.
Hap J1Y C 3TI1M B nOCJJe.llHee BpeMSI nOSlBHJ1CSI pSln HOBblX KaTerOpl1H J1eJ1,
KOTopble IlpHMO OTHeceHbl K nO.llCYJ1HOCTI1 Ha30aHHblX CYllOB. K J1X lJI1C-
ny, B '-IaCTHOCTI1, OTHOCSlTCSI J1ena 0 npH3HaHI111 33.6aCTOBKH He3aKOHHOH,
o npl13HaHI111 npOTHB033.KOHHOH 11 3anpellleHI1H .lleSiTenbHocrn 06oe!lJ1-
HeHI1H rpa)f(llaH, B TOM LII1CJ1e nOJlI1Tl1lJeCKWX naPTI1H, 06meCTBeHHbiX
v '-' u
opraHH3aUl1H J1 MaCCOBblX J1BI1>KeHI1I1, noc ralOw.el1 Ha HaUHOHaJlbHOe
paBHonpaBl1e rpa>KnaH H HaCl1nbCTBeHHoe HapyweHHe enl1HCTBa reppJ1-
TOpl1W POCCI1HCKOH eI>e.llepaUI1I1, lIena 0 HapyweHHH npaB 11 CB060J1 rpa-
>K,llaH B CBSl3H C I1X HaUI10HaJ1bH0I1 npI1Ha;:JJIe>KHOCTblO.
BepXOBHblH CY!l POCCI1MCKOW eI>eJ1epaul1l1 KaK cyn nepBoij I1HCTaH-
UI1I1 paCCMaTpl1BaeT OTJ1en bHble, Haw60nee Oa)f(Hble 11 CJ10)f(Hble lIeJ1a,
KOTopble 1\10ryr 6blTb H31> Tbl 11M H3 J11060ro cYJ1a. KaK npaBHno, TaKl1e
!leJ1a npHHI1M31OTCH K npOH3BO.llCTBY KaK no HHI1UHaTI1Be npe.nce.naTeJ1S1
BepXOBHoro CY!la 11J111 ero 3aMeCTI1TeJ1eH, TaK 11 no J1HI1Ul1aTl1Be CYJ10B,
paCCMaTpHBalOllll1X J1eJ1a B KaCCaUl10HHOM 11J111 HM30pHOM nopHlIKe.
KpOMe Toro, HenOCpeJ1CTBeHHO B BepXOBHOM CYJ1e Moryr paCCMaT-
pI1BaTbCSI: y)l(e ynoMHHYTaH paHee KaTerOpl1H .llen 0 npl13HaHI111 He3a-
KOHHOH J1eHTeJ1bHOCTI1 061>e.nHHeHI1H rpa)l(llaH B CJ1Y'-IaSlX, KOrJ1a I1X npo-
TI1BOJaKOHHaSi !leSiTenbHOCTb paCllpOC"TpaHSleTCSI Ha TeppJ1TOpl1H pa3-
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.
KOrJ1a I1X J1eRTenbHOCTb npOTI1BOpe1.ll1T KOHCTI1TYUI1W. 11M >Ke B COOT-
BeTCTBHI1 CO CT. 9 3aKOHa PC<I>CP OT 4 HIOJ1H 1991 r.. «06 I1HOCTpaH-
HblX I1HBeCTHUHSlX B PCeI>CP» paCCMaTpl1BalOTCSI I1HBeCTJ1UI10HHble
cnopbl, B LlaCTHOCTI1, 0 pa3Mepe, YCJ10BI1S1X 11 nOpSlJ1Ke BblnnaTbl KOM-
neHcaUHH I1HOCTpaHHblM fHBecTopaM, 0 B03Mew.eHI1I1 y6bITKOB, npl1-
lJWHeHHblX HHocTpaHHblM I1HBecTopaM B pe3YJ1bTaTe BblnOJ1HeHI1S1 npo-
.
119
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nH60 n.On>KHOCTHbIX nHU, BCJ1C.nCTBWe HeHalIJle)f(alllerO ocymcCTBJ1eHHSI
TaKI1MH Opr3H3MH I1J1H I1X .nOn)f(HOCTHbIMJ1 J1MUaMM npe.nYCMOTpeHHbIX
3aKOHO.QarenbCTBOM 06H33HHOCTeH 110 OTHOWeHHIO K HHOCTpaHHOMY
HHBeCTOPY nH60 K npen.npHSITHIO C I1HOCTpaHHblMH J1HBeCTHUHSlMH, 3
T3K)f(e )f(aJ106bl I-Ia peWeHI1SI OpraHOB roCynapcTBeHHOrO ynp3BJleliHSI 06
1131>S1THH HI-IOCTpaHHbIX I1HBeCTHUHH.
PaccMoTpeHMe rpa:>K.aaHCKHX n.eJ1 BepxoBHblMH cyn.aMH pecny6J1HK B
COCTaBe POCCHHCKOH <I>e.nepauHw, 06J1acTHbIMH H npHpaBHeHHblMlrf K
HHM cyn.aMH, 3 TalOKe Cy.ne6HOW KOJ1J1erl1eii no rpa:>K.aaHCKHM .neJ1aM
BepXOBHoro Cy.na POCCHMCKOW <I>en.cpaUHI1 I1MeeT Ba)f(HOe 3Ha L leHHe
J])lS1 Hanp3BJleHHH cy.ne6HOH np3KTHKI1. YltHTblBaSi 3TO, nJ1eHY ' Bep-
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nepBOM Hl-iCTaHUHH H3M60nee Ba)f(Hble M CJ10)KHble rpa)KJlaHCKHe n.ena
(TpynoBble, )l{WJ1HillHble, M306peT8TenbCKHe).
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HCBblM CYJl3M cyn.e6HOH CMCTeMbl B 3aBI1CHMOCTH OT TeppHTopMH, Ha KO-
TOpylO paCllpOCTpaHSleTCS1 lleHTellbl-IOCTb. nOn.cy.nHOCTb n.eJ1a 3ilBI1CHT OT
aLlMHHHCTpal-I1BHoi1 TeppHTOp"H, Ha KOTOpOH n.eHCTBYeT naHHblH cyn.
B COCT3Be TeppHTOpl13J1bHOii noncyn.HOCTH CJ1e.nyeT pa3flM'-IaTb: 06-
WYIO, aJ1bTepHaTI1BHYIO, HCKJ1IO'-IHTeJ1bHYIO, n.orOBopHYIO non.cy.nHOCTJ1 H
non.cy.nHOCTb CBSI33HHbiX Me)f(J1Y C060H nen.
no 06meMY npaBHny nO.Qcyn.HOCTb rp8:>K.a3HCKOro .nena ollpe.neJ1HeT-
CH MeCTOM HaXO)K)leHHSI OTBeT'-IMKa. CornaCHO CT. 28 rn K Pel> HCK K
rpa)KJlaHa 1 IlpeJloSlBJlHeTCSI B cYJ1e no MecT)' )f(HTeJ1bCTBa OTBe1'lHKa.
tv1ecTo >KHTeJ1bCTBa OTBeTLIHK3 onpe.nenS1eTCSI Ha MOMeHT npen.bSlBJlCHHSI
I1CKa. n03TOMY 110CneJlYlOwaSi nepeMeH3 11M MeCTa )f(HTenbCTB3 He Me-
HSleT no.ncy.nHOCTH n.cn3.
nonCYJlHOCTb .neJ1, B KOTOpblX OTBeT'-IHKaMH S1BJlS1IOTCH IOpJ.tllI1'-1eCKHe
JlHua, OllpeJle.JJS1eTCS1 MeCTOM HaXO:>K.aeHHH HX opraHa (n.HpeKUMSI, ynpaB-
nCHHe, npaBJleHHe). EcnM )f(e npe)1nSlBHTb HCK no MecT)' HaXO:>K.aeHHR
opraHa IOpI1D.H'-IeCKOrO J1HUa HeB03MO)f(HO (HallpHMep, B CJ1Y'-Iae peopra-
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cy.n no Mecl)' HaXO:>K.aeHHSI HMYllleCTB3 IOpl1n.I1'-1eCKOrO J1l1ua. MeCTO
HaXO)f(J1eHHSI OTBeTLIMKa, KaK IlpaBI1J10, YKa3blBaeTCSI HCTUOM. ECJ1H Me-
CTO )f(HTenbCTBa OTBeTLIHKa HCTUY HeI13BeCTHO, HCK no YCMOTpeHHIO
HCTua MO:>KeT 6blTb Ilpen.1>S1BJleH no MecT)' HaXO)KlleHI1S1 HMYllleCTBa OT-
BeTlJHK3 J11160 no nOCJ1en.HeMY 113BecTHoMY MecT}' ero )KI1TenbCTBa. 80
H36e)Kal-lHe 3J10YlloTpe6neHH" co CTOpOHbl HCTUOB cyn B Ka>KJlOM no-
.Q06HOM cJ1Y'-lae .nOJl)f(eH IlpoBepHTb, npHHHMaJlHCb JlH MCTUOM Mepbl K
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IlpI1HHMaJlOCb, n06YJ1.HTb Ht."Tua K HX npHHSlTI1IO. AHaJ10rI1 L IHOe npaBHJ10
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120
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K TpYHY nl160 ycnoBHo OCB060>K.ileHHbIM 113 MeCT J1J1WeHI1H CB060D.bl C
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3aUll1TY CBOIiX npaB 113-3a tJpe3BbllJai1Hblx " HenpenO TB paTI1MblX npl1
'I
106 HCKOBOH .naBHOCTH (4)cBpanb 1998 r.). KOMMcHTap ii K LlaCT ncpBoii fpa)f(JlaH-
CKoro l<o.neKca POCC iiCKOii (])c.ncpau 1-t DJlSI npcn.npI-tHI-tPt1aTenci1 (no.l1 o6w. pC.l1w
M.H. bpar HcKoro).
125
113HHbIX ycnoBHSlX 06CTOSlTeJ1bCTB (HenpeOJ{OnHMOH CHnbl), 3 T310Ke B
CnYlJaSlX, KOrn.a Ha OCHOBaHH" 3aKOHa npaBHTeJ1bCTBOM Pc:I> YCTaHOBJ1e-
Ha OTCpO'-lK3 WCnOnHeHHJI 06J13aTenbCTB3. HanpHMep. B COOTBeTCTBI1H
CO CT. 69 3aKOHa NQ 6-<1>3 Ha nepHOJ{ npOBeJ{eHHSI BHeWHero ynp3BJ1e-
v
HHSI HMywecTBoM llOJl)l(HHK3 BBOJ{I1TCH MopaTOpH" Ha YJ{oBJ1eTBOpeHHe
Tpe60BaHJ.1H KpeJ{HTopOB K J{OJl)l(HHKY. KpoMe Toro, He06xoJ{HMO HMeTb
B BHDY.. '-ITO npHOCTaHOBJ1eHHe CpOK3 HCKOBOH JI.aBHOCTH B03MO)l(HO
TOJlbKO np" ycnoBHH, ecnH 0603Ha1.JeHHble 06CTOSlTenbCTBa B03HHKJIH
HnH npOllOJ1)t(aJll1 cymecTBoBaTb B nOCJleJ{HHe llleCTb MeCSlue8 cpOKa
J{3BHOCTH. npJ.1 BOCCTaHOBJ1eHHW Te4eHHSI CpOK3 HCKOBOH JI.aBHOCTH OH
YMHHHeTCSI .no llleCTH MeCSlueB.
npHoCTaHOB.J1eHHe CJ1eJ{yeT OTnH1.J3Tb OT nepepblBa TeqCHHJI cpOKa
J.1CKOBOH aBHOCTH. nOcJ1e nepepblB3 Te4eHHe cpOKa HCKOBOH J{aBHOCTH
Ha4HHaeTCSJ 3aHOBO, a BpeMSI, HCTeKwee J{O nepepblB3, He JaC4HTbIBaeT-
CJI B HOBblH CpOK. nepepblB cpOKa HCKOBOH J{3BHOCTH HMeeT MeCTO
(CT. 203 rK PcI»:
. npl1 npeJ{1>JlB.J1eHI1H KpeJ{HTopOM HCKa B CYJ{ B YCTaHOBJ1eHHOM
nopSlJ{Ke. ECJ1H HCK OCTaB.J1eH 6e3 paCCMOTpeHHSI, TO H343Bwee-
CSI .no ero npeJ{1>HBJ1eHHJI TetJeHHe CpOK3 HCKOBOH 3BHOCTH
np0J{on)t(aeTCSI B 06weM nopSlJ{Ke;
. 11pl1 COBepllleHHI1 06S13aHHb1M nHUOM J{ei1cTBHH, CBHJ{eTenbCT-
BYlOllll1X 0 npl13H3HI1H JI.Onr3. B KatJeCTBe nOllTBep>K1leHHH npH-
3HaHHH J{onra MOryr 6blTb npeJ{CT3aneHbl nHCbMa, t!>aKCbl, Tene-
rpaMMbl, HanpaBJ1eHHble J{on:>KHHKOM KpeJ{HTOpy H nOJ{TBep-
}f(,QalOWl1e HaJll1'-1He Ja.nOJ))I(eHHOCTH, aKTbI CBepKW B3aHMHbiX
Tpe60BaHI1H, ynnaTa J{OJ1)1(HHKOM 1.JaCTH .nonra H T.n.
HC1.JHCJ1WB C YlJeTOM npHBeJ{eHHbiX Bblllle 06we06J13aTenbHblX Tpe-
6083I-1HH 33KOHOJ{aTenbCTB3 CpOK HCKOBOH Ll3BHOCTH npHMeHWTeJ1bHO K
KOHKpeTHblM 06CTOJlTeJ1bCTBaM, Kpe.nHTOp onpe.nenJleT, HCTeK nH CpOK
.
HCKOBOH J{aBHOCTH Ha npHHYJ{HTeJ1bHOe B3blCKaHHe Jan.on)l(eHHOCTH.
BblJlBHB aKT OKOH4aHHJI 3Toro cpOKa, npe.nnpHJlTHe-KpeJ{HTOp Bnp3Be
Cnl1CaTb QI1CJ1HlI..lYIOCJI y Hero 3a.nOJl)l(eHHOCTb Ha HHaHCOBble pe3ynb-
TaTbl .neStTeJ1bHOCTH H Y1.JeCTb HX "PH HaJloro06no)l(eHHH npH6b1JIH. Hc-
TetJeHHe cpOKa HCKOBOH .naBHOCTH Ha npHHYJ{HTeJlbHYIO 3aWHT)' H3Py-
llleHHoro np3Ba cne,uyeT OTnH43Tb OT npeKpameHHJI caMoro 06J13aTenb-
CTBa. Ha npaKTHKe MO>KeT B03HI1KHyTb cHTyaUHSI, KorJ{3 J{on)l(HHK, He-
CMOTpJl H3 IiCTe4eHJ.1e cpOKa HCKOBOH J{a8HOCTH, Bce-T3KH I1CnOnHHT
CBOe 06S13aTenbCTBO, BeJ{b npHHawIe)f(3mee KpeJ{HTOpy npaBO H COOT-
BeTCTBYlOwaSi 06J133HHOCTb n.on)l(HHKa npoJ{on)f(3IOT cymecTBOBaTb. B
3TOM cnY4ae nonytJeHHble KpeJ{HTopOM JI.eHe)l(Hble cpeJ{CTBa (T083pbl,
pa60Tbl, YCJ1yrH) nOMe)l(aT BKJ1I01.JeHHIO B COCTaB BHepeaJIH3 3 UHOH Hbi X
nOXOJ{OB C nocneJ{YIOWWM HX BKJ1lOtJeHHe1\1 B HaJloro06nar3eMYlO 63JY
npH HC\IHCJ1eHHH HaJlOra H3 npH6blnb.
HOBblii rK (CT. 196) B OTnHtJHe OT KOJ{eKca 1964 r. ycraHaBJ1HBaeT
eJ{HHbli1 06wl1" CpOK HCKOBOI1 J{aBHOCTI1 TP" rOLla (0 KOJ{eKce
126
1964 r. KpOMe 06wero cpOKa T3KOH )f(e np0J10Jl)l(HTeJ1bHOCTH CymecTBo-
Ball eme OJ1HH 06WH", HO paCnpOCTP3HS1BlllI1HC.SI n"Wb Ha rOCYllapCT-
BeHHble, KoonepaTHBHble H HHbie 06weCTBeHHbie opraHH3aUHH rOlll11..1-
HblH CpOK). fK (CT. 197) npeJ1YCMaTpHBaeT B03MO)KHOCTb YCTaHOBJ1eHH.SI
nOMHMO 06wero CneUHaJlbHblX CpOKOB. npl1 3TOM ecnl1 KOlleKc 1964 r.,
a T3K)Ke OCHOBbl 1l0nYCKaJlH TonbKO 60nee KopOTKwe, l.JeM 061UHe, cne-
UHaJlbHble CpOKH, rK (n. I CT. 197) ctJHTaeT B03MO)KHbIM npellYCMOT-
peTb B KOlleKce H B llpyrHx 3aKOHax K3K 60nee KopOTKwe CneUHaJlbHble
CpOKH, T3K H 60nee J])lHTeJ1bHble no cp3BHeHHIO C 06WHMH. npHMepoM
MO)l(eT CJlY)I(l1Tb CT. 181 t KOTOpa.Sl YCT3HaBJ1HBaeT lL11.S1 npH3H8HHSI cn.enOK
HH4TO)l(HblMH 60nee J])IHTenbHblM CpOK (10 neT), a.nJ1S1 npH3H3Jil1S1 Clle-
nOK OCnOpl1MblMH 60nee KOPOTKHH (I fOll). B OTnHl.Jl1e OT Kon.eKca
1964 f.. B rK OTcyrcTByeT nepetJeHb COKp3weHHbJX CpOKOB HCKOBOH
llaBHOCTH. OH 33MeHeH 061Ueii OTcblnKoi1 K 3aKOH3M, npeLlYCMaTpH-
BalOWHM TaKHe CneUHaJlbHble CpOKI1.
COXP3HSlIOT, OJ1HaKO, CBoe lleHcTBl1e HOpMbl 0 COKpal.l.1eHHblX cpo-
Kax HCKOBO" llaBHOCTH, COllep)KaWl1ec BO BTOpOH, HeOTMeHeHHOH tJac-
TW KOlleKc3 1964 f. OHH KaCaIOTC.SI npellDSlBJ1eHWSl p3JnI1l.JHbIX Tpe60B3-
HHi1, B TOM tJHcne H 0 B3blCK3HI111 HeYCTOHKI1. npl1MepOM MO)KeT cny-
)l(HTb CT. 262 KO,ll.eKCa 1964 f., KOTopaSi YCT3H8BJIHBaeT 6e3 KaKwx-nH60
I1CKJ1IOl.JCHH" rneCTHMeCS1tJHbIM CpOK llaBHOCTH J])l.Sl Bcex HCKOB, BblTe-
KalOWHX H3 nOCT3BKW npOllYKUl111 HeH31U1e)Kawero Kal.JeCTB3. AHaJlO-
rHlJHble YKa33HHSI COllep)K3TCSI B CT. 249 Toro )Ke KOlleKca H CT. 94 Oc-
HOB (B nepBOH H3 HHX pe4b l1J1eT 06 HCKax no nOBOllY HeJ10CTaTKOB
_ v ,,
npOJ1aHHOH BeWH, a BO BTOpOM no nOBO.ny oTcTynneHI1" nOllpSllllJl1Ka
OT ycnoBHii J10fOBOpa, YXYJ1WI1BWHX pa60l)', I1nl1 "HbIX HellOCTaTKOB B
pa60Te). KpoMe Toro, B CT. 94 OCHOB YCT3HOBJ1eH 6oJ1ee ,l])lI1TeJ1bHbl"
CpOK J])lR Tpe60B8HH" 0 HellOCT3TKax, KOTopble He Morn" 6blTb 06Hapy-
)l(eHbl npH 06bll.JHblX cnoc06ax npl1HSlTI1.S1 pa60Tbi (On.HH rOll CO DHSI
npI1H.SITWSI pa60Tbl).
COKpaweHHble CpOKI1 YCT3H0BJ1eHbl, B l.JaCTHOCT", lIJ1H Tpe60B3HI1"
113 1l0rOBopa nepeB03KI1- B COOTBeTCTBHH CO CT. 384 KOJ1eKCa 1964 r.. n.o
npeJ1DHBJ1eHHSI HCKa Heo6xoJ1HMO HanpaBHTb nepeB03l.JHKY npeTeH3111O,
,l])l.Sl l.Jero YCT3H0BJ1eH CpOK B 45 llHei1 J]JISI ynnaTbl wTpa4>oB " npe-
MHH H weCTb MeCSlueB lIJ1.S1 OCTaJlbHblX Tpe60B3HH". nepeB03411K
.
06.S13aH YllOBJ1eTBOpHTb Tpe60BaHI1S1 HnH C006WI1Tb 0 CBoeM OTKa3e B
Tel.JeHHe Tpex MeCSlueB; B OTHoweHHH Tpe60BaHHii, OTHOCSJWHXCSI K ne-
peB03K3M, ocyweCTBJ1S1eMbIM pa3HblMI1 BHllaMH TpaHcnopT3 no ODHOMY
1l0KYMeHl)' (I1MeIOTcS1 B BHLlY T3K Ha3blBaeMbie CMelllaHHble nepeB03KH),
llleCTW MeCSlueB, a Tpe60BaHI1" 06 ynnare WTpa( OB 45 llHeH. C MO-
MeHTa OTKJ10HeHI1S1 npeTeH3HH, a npH OTCyrCTBHH OTBeTa HCTe1..leHHSI
YKa3aHHbiX CpOKOB H3l.JHHaeT Tel.Jb CpOK HCKOBOH llaBHOCTI1, KOTOpblH
COCT3BJ1.S1eT ,ll.B3 MeC.SIua. Bo Bcex cJlytJaSlx, Korlla HCK npen.l>SlBJ1S1eT C3M
nepeB03'-1HK (K OTnp3BHTenSlM, nonYl.JaTenSiM I1nl1 K naCCa)l(WpaM), CpOK
127
HCKOBOi1 113BHOCTI1 paBeH rneCTH MeCHuaM. J];JSI Me)KJlYHapO!lHbIX nepe-
B030K (nepeB030K B 33rp3HH'"IHOM C006WeHJ.1J.1) CpOK YCT3HaBJ1HBaeTCSI B
COOTBeTCTBYlOweM TpaHCnOpTHOM YCT3Be J.1nH KOlleKCe (T3K, B l..JaCTHO-
CTH, no CT. 130 B0311YllJHOrO Ko.neKca CpOK ,U3BHOCTH no Me)KllYHapOll-
HOi1 B031I.YWHOH nepe803Ke COCT3MSleT .l183 rOlla). CPOKH 113BHOCTI1 YC-
TaHOBJ1eHbl Ii B Me)KllYH3po.nHbIX 1l0rOBopax. npH 3TOM B COOTBeTCTBHH
co CT. 7 rK nOCJ1ellHl1e nOJlb3YIOTCSI npHopHTeToM. B KaLleCTBe npl1Mepa
MO)l(HO OTMeTHTb, 4TO B cHny CT. 29 Bapw3BCKoH KOHBeHU"H 1929 r. 06
YHHQ>J.1K3UHH HeKOTopblX npaBJ.1n, KaCalOlllJ.1XCSI Me)KJlYHapo.nHbIX 803-
.1
llYlllHblX nepe8030K, CpOK HCKOBOH ,UaBHOCTI1 paBeH llBYM r01l3M C MO-
MeHTa OCTaHOBKH nepeB03KH; no CT. 32 )l(eHeBCKoi1 KOHBeHUHH 1956 r.
v .
o !lOrOBOpe 0 Me)KJlYHapo.nHOM )l(ene3Ho,Uop0)f(H0J1 nepeB03Ke rpY30B
CpOK I1CK080H 113BHOCTI1 paBeH OllHOMY ro.ny, 3 B cnYtJ3e 3.noYMblwneH-
Horo nOCTYnKa I1nH BHHbl, npHp3BI-IHBaeMoi1 K 3.nOYMblrnneHHOMY no-
CTYnKY, TpeM rOllaM. LJ.;1H CneUHaJIbHblX CpOKOB YCT3HOBJIeH TOT )l(e
pe)KHM, 1.{TO 11 DJ1S1 06WHXoo 3TO OTHOCHTCH, B 4aCTHOCTH, K B03MO)KHO-
CTH HX nepepblBa, npHOCTaHOBJ1eHI1H TetJeHHSI'I a TalOKe nocnellCTBHHM
HCTeI..JeHHSJ (CT. 195, 198 207 rK)I. BBOllHbli1 3aKOH (CT. 10) npe.l1Y-
CMOTpen, I.JTO YCTaHOBJ1eHHble rK CpOKH HCKOBOH llaBHOCTI1 pHMeHH-
IOTCH TonbKO K HCKaM, CpOKH npeLl1>.sIBJleHHH KOTOpblX, npellYCMOTpeH-
Hble p3Hee lleHCTBOBaBllJHM 3aKOHo.naTen, bCTBOM K MOMeHT)' BCT)'nne-
HHH rK B cHny ewe He I1CTeKJ1H.. n03TOMY eCJlH, HanpHMep, pe4b HaeT
'L.O _ V
o B3blCKaHHH HeYCTOHKH, J]JISI KOTOpOH paHee .aeMCTBOBaJ1 lUeCTI1MeCSl4-
HblH CpOK, B Tenepb YCTaHOBJ1eH TpeXJleTHHH, TO B OTHOllJeHHH Tpe60-
B3HHH, B03HHKwero ,QO I HlOnH, CpOK I1CKOBOH llaBHOCTH 6y.neT npH-
3Hafi HCTeKWI1M, a eCJlI1 Tpe60BaHHe B03HHKJ10 nocne 3TOH llaTbl, XOTSI
6bl H ,UO I SlH83pSl 1995 roo, CpOK HCKOBOH llaBHOCTI1 HCTe4eT TonbKO 4e-
pe3 Tpl1 ro,Ua. HCKJ1lOtJeHHe J.13 3Toro npaBHn3 CaenaHO B OTHoweHHH
COKp3weHHoro rOllH4Horo cpOKa )])ISI ocn3pHBaHI1H CllenKJ.1. 3TOT co-
KpallleHHblH CpOK lleHcTByeT TonbKO B cnY4aSlX, Kor1l3 npaBO Ha npe.nD-
HBJ1eHHe COOTBeTCTBYlOlllero Tpe60BaHHH B03HJ.1KJ10 110 I SlHBapSl 1995 r.
EcnH )l(e TaKoe npaBO 803HHKJ10 nocne I HHBapH 1995 r., PYKOBO.nCTBY-
IOTCH TpeXJ1eTHHM CpOKOM .n3BHOCTH.
CT3TbH 20 I rK npe.l1ycMaTpl1BaeT, 1.JTO nepeMeHa nH U 8 06S13BTenb-
CTBe He BJ1e1.JeT H3MeHeHJ.1M HI1 cpOKa HCKOBOM .naBHOCTH, HJ.1 nopS111Ka
ero HClJ HcneH H.R. 3Ta CTaTbSl OTHOCI1TCH B paBHOH Mepe K 060HM. BapH-
.
aHT3M nepeMeHbI nHU: H K nepeXO.l1Y np3B Kpe.nHTopa K .l1pyrOMY nHUY,
11 K nepeBolly.nonra. l1MeeTcSl 1 B tJ3CTHOCTH, B BI1.ny CHT)'3UJ.1H, npH KO-
ropoi1 eme 110 nepeXOlla Tpe60BaHJ.1H I1nH nepeB01l3 llonra npoH30umo
HapyrneH He 06H3aTenbCTBa, 0 KOTOpOM nepBOH34aJIbHbl" KpellJ.1TOp Hn H
I C60pHliK 06pa3UOB rp3)f(1l8HCKO-npaBoBblx .noroBopoB (c KOM \ieHTapl-1S1 MI-1) / OTB.
penaKTop n.-p IOPH.ll. H8YK B.B. 33J1CCCK"". M.: IOpwHI-1 t lecK3S1 <}>HpMa KOHTPAKT:
I1H4>PA-M, 1997. ·
128
COOTBeTCTBeHHO Kpe.lll1TOp nepBOHalJaJlbHOrO n.On>KHI1Ka Y3HaJI Hnl1
.llOJ1)f(eH 6bln Y3H3Tb. I1H3lJe rOBOpSl, CpOK HCKOBOW .n3BHOCTH K MOMCH-
11' nepeMeHbl Y)I(e HalJaJI TetJb. 113 KOMMeHTl1pyeMoH CTaTbl1 CJle.nYeT,
lJTO no OTHOrneHl11O K HOBOMY Kpen.I1TOpy 11 no Tpe60BaHI11O K HOBOMY
v
n.on)l{HI1KY CpOK I1CKOBOIi .llaBHOCTI1 cnen.yeT YMeHbllJHTb H3 BpeMR,
npOllJen.llJee n.o COCTOSIBweHCSI nepeMeHbl nl1U. YK333HHoe nocnen.CTBHe
B paBHOH Mepe OTHOCYITCR 11 K CJlYlJ3RM YHI1BepCaJlbHOrO npaBonpeeM-
CTB3 (B $opMe peOpraHl13alJ.1111 IOP";JJ1 l leCKoro nl1ua I1nl1 HaCJ1en.OBaHI1S1
HMYllleCTBa rpa)KllaHI1Ha), a paBHO npaBonpeeMCTB3 CI1HrynJlpHOrO
(np3BonpeeMCTBa TonbKO B npaB3X I1nl1 TonbKO B HeKOTopblX 06S13aHHO-
CTSlX). CCblnKa B KOMMeHTl1pyeMoH HopMe Ha coxpaHeHl1e He TonbKO
CpOKOB, HO 11 nOpH!lK3 SlBJ1S1eTCR HOBennoi-i rK. C YtJeTOM CT. 200 rK
I1CXOJlI1T 113 TaK H3JblBaeMoro cy6beKTI1BHOro cnoc06a onpe.neneHI1J1
HallaJIa TelJeHI1J1 I1CKOBOi-i llaBHOCTI1. B OTnHtJI1e OT KOHBeHUl111 06 HC-
KOBO" .naBHOCTI1 B Me>KLlYH3pon.Hoi1 Kynne-npon.3)f(e (CT. 10), B CI1J1Y
".
KOTOpOH np3BO H3 I1CK, BblTeKalOwee 113 HapyrneHI1S1 n.orOBopa, ClJI1T3-
eTCJI B03HHKUJHM 8 n.eHb. Kor.na I1MenO MeCTO T3Koe H3pyweHl1e, rK
Bcnen. 33 KOlleKco 1 1964 r. npe,UYCMOTpen, tJTO I1CKOBaSI n.3BHOCTb Jia-
ljl1HaeT TelJb C MOMe ITa, KOrJl3 nl1Uo }'3H3J10 lfnl1 D.on)l{tlO 6blno Y3H3Tb
o ,llOnYllieHHOM HapYllJeHl111 (n. I CT. 200). TaK, eCJlH $l1pMa-noKynareJ1b
HalJI1H3eT He06ocHoB3HHo nonb30BaTbCSI cpen.CTBaMI1 CBoero KOHTpareHT3
C I $eBp3J1S1, 3 nponaBeu Y3HaJ1 06 3TOM TonbKO 5 <J>eBp3J1S1 CpOK I1CKO-
BOi:t Jl3BHOCTI1 HatJl1tiaeT I1ctJl1cnSlTbCR C 3TOi-i nocnen.Hei:t n.aTbl (npl1
npHMeHel-ll111 KOHBeHUl111 TelJeHl1e I1CKOBOH ,UaBHOCTI1 H3lJaJlOCb 6b1 C
t $eBpaJISl). I1CKJ1lOl.IeHI1S1 113 3Toro npaBl1na Moryr 6b1Tb B CJ.1ny KOM-
MeHTl1pyeMoH CTaTbl1 YCTaHOBJ1eHbl Ko,UeKCOM I1nH J.1 Hbl M 33KOHOM.
TaK, B t.laCTHOCTI1, J])1J1 06S133TenbCTB C onpen.eneHHblM CpOKOM n. 2
CT. 200 npenYCM3Tpl1BaeT, tJTO Tel.leHl1e HCKOBOH l\aBHOCTI1 HatJl1HaeTCSI
C MOMeHTa OKOHtJaHHJI cpOKa. )lpyroe np3BI1nO ,lleHcTByeT B OTJiOllJeHl111
06R3aTenbCTBa. CpOK I1CnOJIHeHI1R KOToporo He onpen.eneH nl160 onpe-
n.eneH MOMeHTOM BOCTpe60B3HIiSi. B TaKOM CJlY'-I3e TetJeHl1e YlCKOBOH
.113BHOCTH l-falJl1HaeTCSI C Toro MOMeHT3, Korn.a y KpeJlI1TOpa B03HI1K3eT
np3BO Tpe60B3HI1J1 HCnOJ1lieHIiJi 06S13aTenbCTBa (CM. CT. 314). npH 3TOM,
eCJlI1 nOn)l{HI1KY npCllOCTaBJ1S1eTCR ceMIin.JieOHbIH nbrOTHblH CpOK J])1R
HcnOnHeHI1S1 COOTBeTCTBYlOwero Tpe60B3HI1H, J.1CKOBaSl .naBHOCTb HatJH-
HaeT Tell b C 10Me.IT3 HCTe l leHI1J1 3Toro CIX)Ka.
B COOTBeTCTBHYI C COXp3HI1BUJeH CBoe lleMCTBl1e CT. 384 Kon.eKc3
1964 r. CpOK I1CKOBOH n3BHOCTI1 no I1CKaM K nepeBOJ4I1K3M, KaK y)t(e
OTMelJaJlOCb. HalJHHaeT TetJb C MOMetlTa OTKJ10HeHHJI npeTeH3HI1 I1nH
6e3pe3YJlbTaTHoro I1CTe l leHI1S1 YCTaHOBJ1eHtlbIX CpOKOB, a no cnopaM,
CBSl33HllbiM C nepeB03KaMI1 B 3arpaHHlJHOM co06weHI1I1, C MOMeHTa,
onpeJleneHHOro B TpaHcnopTHblX YCTaBax (KoneKc3x).
TaK t Ha MOpCKOM TpaHcnopTe 3TI1 CpOKI1 HalJJ.1H3 T I1ClJHCnJlTbCJI
no B3blCKaHI11O HeJl060pa nnaTe)f(ei1 co ,llHSI Bbl-uatJH rpY3a, 3 B OC-
129
TaJlbHblX CnY4aHX co AHJI HaCT)'nneHHSI C06bITHSI, nocny)t(MBmerO OC-
HOBaHHeM J])1J1 npeJ1DSlBJ1eHI1S1 HCKa (CT. 406 KTM PC:]). Ha pel.JHOM
TpaHcnopre: no Tpe60BaHHRM 0 B3blCKaHHH HeJ1060pOB npoB03HblX
nnaTe>KeH co J1,HJI Bbl 3l.JH rpY3a, no B3blCKaHHIO wTpa$oB 3a He-
npeJ1DHBneH"e rpY30B, nnOTOB H CYJ10B K nepeB03Ke H 6YKcwpoBKe
no OKOHlj3HHH nSlTI1.nHeBHoro CpOK3, YCTaHOBneHHoro DJ1S1 ynnaTbl 3THX
CYMM, 3 B OCTaJ1bHbIX cnYl.J3S1X co J1HJI HaC1)'nneHHJI C06bITHJI, no-
CJ1Y)t(HBmero OCHOBaHWeM )])ISI npellDJlB.neHHSI "CKa (CT. 164 n.. 3 KBBT
Pet». Ha >KeJ1e3HOllOpO)l(HOM TpaHcnopTe npl1 B3blCKaHHM IlJTPa( a 3a
HeBbinonHeHHe nnaHa nepeB030K HCKOBaSi J1aBHOCTb H3\IHHaeT Teljb C
MOMeHTa OKOHl.laHI1R nRTHJ1HeBHOro cpOKa, YCTaHOBJ1eHHOrO J])1S1 ynna-
Tbl IlJTpa( a. a B OCTaJlbHblX cnYlj3S1X co .nHs:I HacTynneHI1S1 C06bITMJI,
nocny)t(HBwero OCI-IOB3HMeM DJlR npell.DSlBJ1eHHJI HCKa (CT. 123 Y)I(T
Pc:]). I-Ia B03 YWHOM TpaHcnopTe: "CKH K naCCa>K"paM, oTnpaBHTeJ1RM
I1nH nonYlJaTeJ1RM, BblTeKalOllll1e 113 B03J1YlllHOH nepeB03KH, npen.DSlB-
nJiIOTCSI nepeB031.{WKOM B TeljeHHe meCT" MeCJlueB co J1HSI HaCT)'nneH"SI
C06b1TI1S1, nocny)t(HBmero OCHOB3HHeM DJlSI npe.nbRB.neHI1S1 HCKa (CT. 127
BK Pet».
B Ol"HOmeHI1H nepel.JI1CneHHblX B HeM caMOM cnYl.J3eB npl1MeHeHHJI
COKpaweHHblX CpOKOB KOJ1CKC 1964 r. 06bll.JHO YKa3blBaeT " MOMeHT
Hal.JaJla HCTel.JeHHR TaKoro CpOK3. TaK, B cl1ny CT.. 249 3TOT MOMeHT on-
peJ1eJ1J1eTCSI .nHeM npen.DSlB.neH"SI npeTeH3HH, a ecnH OH3 He 6blna 3aJlB-
netia lin" BpeMR ee 3aRBJ1elll-1J1 YCT3HOBHTb HeB03MO)f(HO J1HeM HCTe-
v
l.JeHHR CpOKOB, npe YCMOTpeHHbIX DJlJI npe.LlDRBneHHSI npeTeH3HH,
CT. 262 HHe 1 06Hapy)t(eHHJI nOKyn3TeneM B YCT3HOB.neHHOM nOpJl.nKe
He OCTaTKOB B nOCTaBJ1eHHOW eMY npon.YKUHH, CT. 365 J1HeM npMHJI-
THSI pa60Tbi 3aKa3ljHKOM. .
no CT. 202 rK Pet> npe.nyCMaTpHBaIOTCJI OnpeJ1 1eHHble nep"o.nbl,
Ha npOTR)I(CHI1H KOTOpblX B cHny P3Jn"l.JHbIX 06cToSiTenbcTB, Bbl3blBalO-
llJ."X HeB03Mo)t(HOCTb nH60 oc06ble TPYJ1HOCTH DJlJI nOTepneBmeH CTO-
pOHbl 3allil1TWTb CBoe npaBO, Tel.JeHHe CpOKOB I1CKOBOM J13BHOCTI1 np"-
OCT3HaIL1HBaeTCR. B KOMMeHT"pyeMoH CT3Tbe (n. I) COll.ep)f(I1TCJI HC-
l.JepnbIB3IOWI1" nepeljeHb TaKI1X 06CTOSiTenbCTB. CIOJ1a OTHOCJlTCSI CJ1Y-
tJal1, Kor.na,
'-"
. Bo-nepBbIX, npeJ1DSlBJ1eH"1O "CK3 npenSlTCTBOBaJlO lJpe38bl1.{aH-
Hoe 1-1 Henpe.nOTBpaTI1MOe npM .n3HHbIX YCJ10BHSlX 06CTOJITenbCT-
130 Henpe0J10nHM3S1 CHn3 (I1MeIOTCs:I B BHJ1Y JlBJ1eHI1S1 CTHXHH-
tiOro xapaKTepa. BOeHHbie J1eWCTBI1J1, 3a6aCTOBKI1 W T.n.);
. BO-BTOpbIX, OJ1Ha 113 CTOpOH I1CTeu Hn" OTBeT'-IHK Haxo-
J1MTCR B COCTaBe BOOPY)I(eHHblX CMn, nepeBelleHHblX Ha BoeHHoe
nono)t(eHwe;
. O-TpeTbHX, Ha OCHOBaHI1" 3aKOHa npaBHTenbCTBOM POCCI1HCKOH
cI>e epaU"H YCTaHOBJ1eH3 OTCpOl.JKa "CnOnHeHHSI MOpaTOp"H
(Hanpl1 ep, YKa30M npe3W.neHTa pc:]) YCT3HOB.neH np0J10n)l(H-
130
TenbHoCTblO B TpH rO.n3 MOpaTOpHH Ha 3KCnOpT npOTHBOneXOT-
HblX MHH < 179>; "nl1 llPyroH npHMep: B COOTBeTCTBHH C n. 3
CT. 12 3aKOHa 0 63HKpoTcTBe H3 nepl10ll np08e11eHHH BHeWHero
ynp3BJ1eHMSI J.1MywecTBoM 1l0n>KHI1Ka BBOllHTC.sJ MOP3TOPH" Ha
YllOBJ1eTBopeHHe Tpe6oB3HH" Kpell"TOpOB K .non)l{HHKY);
. B-4eTBepTbIX, npHoCTaHOBJ1eHO n.ei1cTBHe 3aKOHa HnH "HOrO
npaBOBoro 3KTa) (npHMepoM MO)l{eT CJ1Y)KHTb npI10CTaHOBJ1eHHe
BepxoBHblM COBeTOM pc:]) H3 1993 r. lleHcTBHSI n. 3 CT. 30 3aKo-
Ha «0 c06CTBeHHOCTH 8 PCc:])CP», B cHny KOTOpOi1 rocyn.apCTBo
J!on)f(HO 6blno HeCTH OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 33 ywep6, HaHeceHHblH
c06CTBeHHHKY npecTynneHHeM < 180>; co BCTYnneHHeM 8 CJ.1ny
rK YKa3aHH3S1 CTaTb.sJ BMeCTe CO BceM 3aKOHOM 0 c06CTBeHHO-
CTH nepeCTaJla .neHCTBOB3Tb). 113 CT. 198 BblTeK3eT B03MO)KHOCTb
yCTaHOBJ1eHI1S1 B KOlle Kce, WHOM 3aKOHe 11 llpyrHx OCHOBaHI1H
DJ1S1 npI10CTaH0BJ1eHI1H cpOKa I1CKOBOH 113BHOCTH. TaKJ.1M 06P3-
30M. B lJaCTHOCT", coxpaHSIIOT CBoe lleHCTBl1e CT.. 406 H 407
KTM (nepBaH 113 1-IJ.1X npe.ll.YCM3TpHBaeT npI1OCTaHOBJ1eHHe CpO-
Ka I1CKOBOH 113BHOCT" no Tpe60BaHJ.1HM K nepeB03\IHKY Ha Bpe-
MSI .no nonyqeHHH OTBeTa Ha npeTeH3HIO I1nl1 HCTelJeHHSI cpoKa,
YCT3H0BJ1eHHOrO J])1H OTBeTa Ha npeTeH3HIO, a BTopaSi no TPe-
60BaHI1.sJM, 8 KOTOpblX I1ClJ"CneHHe CYMMbl HCKa 3aBHCI1T OT
paClJeTOB no 06weH 3B3PHI1, H3 BpeMH co ,lI.H.sJ BbIHeCeHI1.sJ
.nI1CnalllepOM nOCT3H0BJ1eHI1S1 0 Hartl1lJl1H 06rnei1 3Bap"J.1 H 110
.nH.sJ nonYlJeHHSI n.Hcnallll1 3aHHTepeCOBaHHbiM nWUOM). I
npH npHOCTaHOBJ1eH"H C MOMeHTa npeKpaWeHI-1S1 06CTOHTenbCTBa,
KOTopoe ero BbI3BaJlO, HCKOBaSi 113BHOCTb TeI.JeT Ha OCTaBllJl1i1cH nepHon.,
HO TonbKO Ilpl1 ycnOBI1I1, ecnl1 caMO 3TO 06cToSlrenbcTBo B03HHI<110 HnH
npOllOn)l{arto CYllleCTBOB3Tb B nOCJ1e.ll.HHe 6 MeCSlueB cpOKa .naBHOCTI1, a
npM cpOKe MeHbwe 6 MeCSlueB B TelJeHJ.ie CpOK3 .n.aBHOCTJ.i (n. 3
CT. 202 rK). C MOMeHT3 npeKpallleHH.sJ .lI.eHCTBI1H 06cToHTenbcTBa, 8bl-
3Ba8lllero npI10CTaH0BJ1eHWe, TelJeHl1e cpOKa npOllOn>KaeTcSI. npl1 3TOM
OCTaBW .sJC.sJ tlaCTb CpOK3 YDJ1HliSleTCSI llO 6 MeC.sJueo (B cnYlJIDIX, Korn.a
C3M CpOK J.1CKOBOH .naBHOCTH COCT3BJ1.sJeT 6 MeCSlueB HnH MeHee, COOT-
BeTCTBYlOwee BpeMSI yJ])1J.1HSleTCSI ,[\0 cpOKa .naBHocTH)
TaKHM 06pa30M, eCJlJ.1 110 HalJaJ13 nepeBO.ll.a BOHHCKOi1 43CTI1 H3 BO-
eHHoe n0J10)l{eHHe npOllJno C MOMeHT3 "CTelJeHI1S1 cpOKa HCKOBOH llaB-
... ,.
HOCTH .nBa c nonOBHHOM ro.na, TO nOCJ1e nepeBO.ll.a 3TOM >Ke LJaCTH BHOBb
H3 M"pHOe nOnO)f(eHHe OCTaBlllHHCSI CpOK I1CKOBOH ,lI.aBHOCTJ.1, COCT3B-
nSiIOWHH n.sJTb MeC.sJueB, 6YlleT YBeJ1l1tJeH 110 weCTH MeCSlueB.
nepepblB 03HalJaeT, \ITO TelJeHHe cpOKa I1CKOBOft .n3BHOCTI1 npl1 on-
pe.neneHHblX 06CTOHTeJ1bCTBaX npepblBaeTC.sJ H nOCJ1e Toro, KaK .neHCT-
Bl1e, Bbl3BaBwee nepepblB npeKpaTHTC.sJ, OHa CHOBa Te'-leT, HO 8 OTnl1-
lJHe OT npHOCTaHOBJ1eHWSI y)l{e C caMoro H3lJaJ1a. COOTBeTCTBeHHO BpeM.sJ
11.0 nepepblBa B paClfeT He npMHJ1MaeTCSI. K011.eKC (CT. 203) npellYCMaT-
1 .
131
pl1B3eT n.Ba 06CTOSlTeJlbCTBa, Bbl3blBalOlllHx nepepblB. nepBoe npeLlb-
SI B11eH He I1CKa, npH 3TOM HenpeMeHHO B YCTaHOBJ1eHHOM nOpH,l1Ke (T6e.
C c06nlOn.eHl1eM npaBHn 0 non.Ben.OMCTBeHHOCTH H nO,l1cyn.HOCTH, HWl-
ne>KaWI1X CTOpoH3X B cnope, npeTeH3HOHHbiX CpoKaX H n.p.). BTopoe
COBepllJeHl1e 06S13aHHb1M nHUOM l1eI1CTBI1i1.. CBHn.eTenbCTBYIOWI1X 0 npH-
3H3HI1H n.onr3.. Dei1cTBI1S1, 0 KOTOpblX Hn.eT pel.lb, Moryr HMeTb pa3JIlil.l-
I
Hbll1 xapaKTep. B On.HI1X cnYlJaSiX 3TO co06111eHl1e: «np113H31O n.onr».
B llpyrlix COBepllJeH He KOHK.1IlOlleHTHbIX, T.e. nOJBOnSiIOWHX CY,l1I1Tb 0
npH3H3HHH, n.eHCTBl1ii. On.I1H H3 B03MO>KHbIX BapHaHTOB ynnaTa l.Iac-
TH 1l0J1ra. T3KI1M 06pa30M, eCJ1H nonYlJeHHbl11 KpellHT CBoeBpeMeHHO He
B03BpaweH, HCKOBaSi n.3BHOCTb HalJHHaeT TelJb C MOMeHTa HaCTYnneHI1S1
cpoKa ero B03BpaTa.. Ho ecnli n.on)l(HHK ynnaTHT aCTb ,l10J1ra (npl1 3TOM
pa3Mep ee ponH He HrpaeT), TO C MOMeHTa ynnaTbl HCKOBaSi n.aBHOCTb
H3lJHHaeT TelJb 3aHOBO. CJ1ellyeT 06paTI1Tb BHHMaHHe Ha npHHUHnJf3J1b-
HYIO H08enny rK. Kon.eKc 1964 r. n.onYCK3J1 nepepblB B TelJeHHe cpoKa
HCKOBOi1 llaBHOCTI1 TonbKO npl1 ycnOBHI1, ecnH XOTSI 6bl On.HOH H3 CTO-
pOH B cnope, T.e. IiCTUOM I1nH OTBeTlJHKOM, BblcTyn3J1 rpIDKJIaHHH. TeM
C3MbiM B OTHOllJeHHSlX Me)KllY opraHH3aUliHMH nepepblB Mor HaCTYnaTb
TonbKO B cnYLJaSiX npen.bSIBJ1eHHSI HCKa. Tenepb 3TO OrpaHHl.leHlie CHSlTO,
a CJ1en.OBaTeJ1bHO npaBHnO 0 nepepblBe H npI10CTaH0B11eHHI1 paCllJHpHnO
CBoe n.ei1cTBl1e 11 H3 OTl-lOWeHHSI IOpl1,l1l1lJeCKHX nliU.
B CJ1YlJ3S1X. npen.YCMOTpeHHbIX npoueCCYaJIbHblM 3aKOHon.aTeJ1bCT-
BOM (CT. 221 rnK Ii CT. 105 An K). cyn. OCT3B11S1eT nO,l1aHHOe eMY 3aSlB-
neHl1e 6e3 p3CCMOTpeHHH (B LJaCTHOCTH, OH nOCT}'n3eT T3KI1M 06pa30M
npJf Heco6nlOlleHHH YCTaHOBJ1eHHOrO npeTeH3110HHoro nopSln.Ka nH60
eCJ1H B npOH3Bon.CTBe cyn.a HMeeTCSI n.eJlo 0 cnope Me)KllY TeMH >Ke CTO-
pOHaMH 0 TOM >Ke npen.MeTe H no reM >Ke OCHOBaHHHM). B 3TI1X CJ1YlJ3S1X
BblHOCHTCJI onpe,l1eneHl1e, YCT3.H3BJ1I1BalOwee, KaK YCTpaHI1Tb Hen.OCTaT-
KH, npenRTcTBylOWHe paCCMOTpeHHIO n.ena. YK3JaHHOe onpe,l1eneHHe
I
v
cnY>KHT OCHOBaHHeM H npHOCT3H0B11eHIi TelJeHHSI CpOK3 I1CKOBOH
n.3BHOCTH. 3TO 03HalJaeT, lJTO nOCJ1e BblHeceHHH onpe,l1eneHHSI) 0 KOTO-
pOM Hn.eT pelJb, IiCKOBaH ,l13BHOCTb TelJeT H3 OCTaBUJHi1cH CpOK (CT. 204
rK). Oco60 Bbl,l1eJleHO OCTaB11eHJfe 6e3 paCCMOTpeHI1S1 HCK3, npen.D B-
neHHoro B yronoBHOM n.eJ1e. B n.aHHoH CHTYau"" HaLJaBllJeeCSI ,l10
npen.bSlB11eHHH IiCKa TeLJeHlie CpOK3 HCKOBOH n.3BHOCTH npHOCTaH3BJ1H-
BaeTCSI n.o MOMeHTa BC1)'nneHHH B 33KOHHYlO cHny npHrOBop3, KOTOpblM
HCK OCT3BJ1eH 6e3 paCCMOTpeHI1S1.. npH 3TO\f nOl1lJepKHyro, lJTO.. eCJ1H
OCTaBllJ3S1CR lJaCTb MeHbllJe llJeCTH MeCSlueB, OHa y11,11IiHHeTCH ,l10 llJeCTH
MeCHueB. OC06el-IHOCTH npHOCTaHOB11eHI1 cpOKa I1CKOBOi1 ,l1aBHOCTI1 B
06cToSiTenbcTBax, OXB3TbiBaeMblX CT. 204, COCTOSIT B TOM, lJTO B OTnHlJI1e
OT npI10CTaH0BJ1eHIiSi no CT. 202 rK npon.on>KI1TenbHOCTb CpOK3 I1CKO-
BO" n.3BHOCTH, npOllJen.llJero n.o B03HIiKHOBeHI1 06cToHTenbcTB3, Bbl-
3BaBllJerO npHOCTaHOBJ1eHHe, 3H3lJeHliH B 3TOM cnY 3e He IiMeeT.
non. BOCCT3H0B11eHl1eM nOllpa3YMeB31OTCSI llel1CTBHH cyn.a, KOTOpbIH,
HeCMOTpSl Ha nponYCK cpOKa HCKOBOH ,l1aBHOCTH, ClJHT3er He06xo,l1H-
132
..
MblM 3aWHTHTb HapyweHHoe npaBO. D.nSl 3TOrO cy.n On)KeH npH3HaTb
npl1LJHHbl npOnYCKa CpOK8 "CKOBOH .n8BHOCTH YBa)KI1TenbHbIMW.
rK B OTnWLJHe OT Ko.neKca 1964 r. .nonYCKaeT BOCCTaHOB11eHWe cpo-
.....
Ka HCKOBOI1 l1.8BHOCTH TonbKO B rex cnyqaSlx, Kor.na HapyweHHoe npaBO
npWH3.l1J1e>KWT rpa)f(JlaHWHY. nOCKonbKY B CT. 205 rK KaKl1e-nw60 oro-
BOpKH Ha 3TOT C1.JeT OTCyrCTBYIOT, cne.nYeT npl13HaTb, LJTO npaBO cy.n a
u
BOCCT8HOBHTb CpOKH HCKOBOI1 .n8BHOCTI1 OTHOCI1TCH KO BceM rpIDKlla-
HaM, BKJlIOLJaSl rp aH-npe npI1HI1M3TeJleH. COOTBeTCTBeHHO BOCCTa-
HOB11eHl1e nponyweHHblX CpOKOB HCKOBOH llaBHOCTI1 .non)KHO CLJHT8TbCSI
HCKJllOl.JeHHblM nHwb MSI IOpl1 I1LJeCKWX nl1U. rK COAep>KI1T 11 ewe l1.Be
HOBeJlnbl. T8K, Tenepb BOCCTaHOB11eHWe CpOKOB HCKOBOH n.aBHOCTH B03-
MO>KHO B CJ1YLJ3S1X, Kor.na npl1LJI1Hbl "X nponYCK3 I1MenH MeCTO B no-
CJ1e.nHwe rneCTb MeCSlueB CpoK8 .naBHOCTW (ecnl1 CpoK WCKOBOH .naBHOCTW
paBeH I1nw MeHee meCTI1 MeCHueB, TO B TelJeH"e 3Toro cpOKa). KpOMe
Toro, Ko.neKc BnepBble npl1BeJ1 npl1MepHbli1 nepeLJeHb OCHOB8HHi1, KO-
Topble Moryr CLJWTaTbCSI OCTaT01.JHbIMH nJlSI BOCCT8HOBJ1eHWH CpOK8 I1C-
KOBOH aBHOCTI1: TSI>KenaSi 6one3Hb, 6ecnoMoWHoe COCTOSlHl1e, Herpa-
MOTHOCTb 11 .npyrHe, CBSl3aHHbie C nl11.JHOCTbJO 06CTOHTeJlbCTBa.
CTaTbSl 207 rK Ha3blB8eT B K3LJeCTBe npl1Mepa nonO.11H"TenbHbIX
TJ)e60BaHI1i1, H3 KOTopble OHa p8cnpoCTpaHHeTcSI, HeycToHKY, 3aJ10r,
nopyqwTenbcTBo. B 3TOT nepe1.JeHb CJ1e.nyeT BKJlIOLJWTb T3JOKe ewe B8
cnoc06a l 06eCneLJeHHH I1CnOnHeHI1S1 06S138TeJlbCTB W3 LJl1cna YK338HHbiX
B CT. 329: y ep>KaHHe I1MywecTBa .non>KHI1Ka 11 3a,aaTOK. Oc06eHHoCTb
Bcex nSlTW OnOnHI1TeJlbHbIX cnoc060B 06eCneLJeHWSI COCT8BJ1S1eT TO, LJTO
OHI1 CBSl3aHbI elll1HOH cy.nb60H C OCHOBHblM 06S133TeJlbCTBOM: npeKpa-
weHHe 3Toro nOCJ1e HerO 03H3LJaeT 8BTOM8TWI.JeCKOe npeKp 3 w e Hwe 06S1-
3aTeJ1bCTBa OnOnHI1TeJlbHoro. En.HHCTBeHHoe "CKJlIOLJeHl1e COCTaBJlHeT
meCTOW 113 nepelJl1CJ1eHHblX B TO" >Ke CT. 329 cnoco6oB 6aHKoBcKaS!
r3paHTI1S1. CKJl3J1blBalOWeecSi npw 3TOM 06H38TeJlbCTBO XOTSI H CBSl3aHO C
OCHOBHbIM, HO 06nMaeT caMOCTOHTenbHOH cy.nb60w. B 3T0i1 CBS1311 wc-
TelJeHl1e cpOKa WCKOBOH HaBHOCTW no OCHOBHOMY 06H3aTenbCTBY He
OK83blBaeT HI1KaKOrO BJlWSlHI1H H8 Tpe6oB3Hl1e, OCHOBaHHoe Ha C3MOH
6aH KOB KOi1 r3paHTH H.
CTaTbS1 208 B OCHOBHOM OXBaTbiBaeT TOT >Ke Kpyr Tpe60BaHI1", KO-
TOpblH COHep>KaJ1CH B KOHeKce 1964 r. (CT. 90) 11 OCHoBax (n. 2 CT. 43).
ItIMelOTCSI B BI1 y Tpe60BaHHH 0 3aWWTe nl1LJHblX Hel1MymecTBeHHblX
np8B 11 npyrl1x HeMaTepl1aJ1bHblX 6nar (KpoMe CJ1YLJ8eB, npe.nYCMOTpeH-
HblX 3aKoHoM)t TJ)e60B3HI1S1 BKJlMLJI1KOB K 68HKY 0 BbI.n8LJe BKJlMOB, 3
TalOKe Ype60B3HHS1 0 B03MeWeHI111 Bpe.na, npWI.JHHeHHOro :>K"3H" Hnw
3110poBblO rpa>KllaH H Ha.
BKJlIOLJeHl1e Tpe60BaHWSI 0 3aWl1Te HeMarepWaJ1bHblX 6J13r CBSl38HO C
TeM, 1.JTO OHI1 no 06weMY np3Bwny He Orp8HI11.JeHbl BO BpeMeHW 11 HX
HapymeHl1e npOllOn>KaeTCH HenpepblBHO. He3aMKHyrblH nepelJeHb nl1lJ-
HblX HewMYWeCTBeHHblX npaB W I1HblX HeMaTeplUlJlbHblX 6nar COHep>KliT-
133
Cst B CT. 150 rK. OHa oc060 BbilleJlSleT >KH3Hb H 3110pOBbe, llOCTOI1HCTBO
nl1lJHOCTI1, lJeCTb 11 1l06poe I1MH, llenOBYIO penyraUHIO, HenpHKocHoBeH-
HOCTb lJaCTHOH >KH3HH, nHlJHYIO H CeMe"HYIO TaHHY, npaBO cB060.l1HOrO
nepellBH)KeHHH. Bbl60p MeCTa npe6blBaHI1fl H )KHTenbCTBa, npaBO Ha
I1MSI't npaBO aBTopcTBa, HHbie nHlJHble HeHMywecTBeHHble npaBa 11 llPY-
fHe HeMaTepHaJ1bHble 6nara, npHHanJ1e)KaWHe rpa)Kl1aHHHY OT pO)Kl1e-
HI1S1 Hnl1 B cl1ny 3aKOHa. npaBHno 0 HepacnpOC1]JaHeHHH HCKOBOi1 llaB-
HOCTJ1 Ha 1]Je60BaHI1H K 6aHKY nO paJYMeBaeT Tpe60B3HHSI nlO6blx
BKJ1aJ1IJI1KOB, 31lpeCOBaHHbie nlO6blM 6aHK3M H OTHOCSllllHecSI K nlO6blM
BKJ1an.aM. OCHOBH3H npl1lJHHa, B cHny KOTOpOH cOOTBeTcTBYIOWHe Tpe-
60B3HI1S1 OTHeceHbl K lJHcny He OXBaTblBaeMblX I1CKOBOft llaBHOCTblO,
COCTOI1T B HX 6eCCpOlJHOM xap3KTepe. 3TO 3eT OCHOBaHHe pacnpOCTpa-
HHTenbHO TOnKOB3Tb KOMMeHTHpyeMYIO HOPMY, I1MeSi B BHllY nOlI 63H-
KaMH I1Hbie KpellHTHble YlJpe)Kl1eHHSI, BblnonHHlOlllHe B cHny CT. I 3a-
KOHa 0 6aHKax OTllenbHble 6aHKOBCKHe <!>YHKUHH. TaK >Ke KaK H OCHO-
Bbl (CT 43), CT. 208 rK npellycMaTpliBaeTt lJTO Tpe60BaHHH 0 B03Mellle-
HHH Bpe a, npHlJHHeHHOro )l(H3HH H 3110pOBblO, npell1>SlBJleHHble no
HCTelJeHHH Tpex neT C MOMeHTa B03HHKHOBeHI1S1 npaBa Ha B03MellleHHe
Bpella, YJlOBJ1eTBOpSiIOTCSI B npellenax cpOKa llaBHOCTH, T.e. Tpex neT,
npellweCTBoaaBWHX npe 1>SlBJJeHHIO liCKa. MMeeTCH B BHllY, lJTO, ecnH
npaBO Tpe60BaTb B03MeweHI1S1 B03HI11<J10 B 1991 f., a HCK npell1>SlBJleH B
MapTe 1995 r., OH 6YlleT YllOBJIeTBOpeH lJaCTHIJHO: HalJHHaH C nnaTe>Kei1
3a 4>CBpMb 1992 r. nOcnellHHe no ClJeTY Tpe6oBaHI1S1 113 IJl1cna He OXBa-
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YCTpaHelil1e BCSlKHX HapyweHHH ero npaBa., XOTSI 3TH HapyweHHSI H He
6blnH coellHHeHbl C nHWeHl1eM BJ131leHHSI (HanpHMep. BblCTpoeHa cTeHa,
3aCJ10HSllOwaH BHTpl1HY npJ1HaDlle)KalllerO apeHllaTOpy Mara3HHa). B
llaHHOM CJ1YlJae, KaK H B 60nbWl1HCTBe llpyrHx, npellYCMOYpeHHblX B
CT. 208 rK, TaK>Ke I1MeeT MeCTO J]J1S1weeCH HenpepblBHo HapyweHHe,
IJTO Ii cnY)KHT OCHOBaHl1eM .lIJISi HepacnpocTpaHeHHSI Ha B03HHKwee H3
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npOCTpaHeHHJI HCKOBOM n.aBHOCTH JlBJ1J1eTCJI HOBennOH rK.
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cnHcaTb Ha Q>HHaHCOBble pe3ynbTaTbi llestTenbHOCTH npellnpl1S1TI1S1 IJHC-
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(n. 3 CT. 40 I rK P<1»;
134
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raM npellDSlBJ1eHbl 6blTb He Moryr.. B 3TOH CBSl311 nHKBI1113UI1IO JOpl111l1-
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npliHHMaeT npeTeH3H" Kpelll1TOpOB 11 np0l13BOlll1T paClJeTbl C HliMI1
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ny6nl1KaUI1" co06weHHH 0 nI1KBI111aUI1Ii npellnpl1S1THH Kpelll1TOpbl MO-
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ro, H3 nI1KBH.naUI10HHYIO KOMliCC"1O B03J1araeTCSI 06S133HHOCTb BbiRBne-
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nl1Uo. He cnoc06Hoe B nOJ1HOM 06beMe YllOBJ1eTBOpI1Tb Tpe60BaHI1H
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ap6HTpa>KHoMY ynpaBJJSlJOweMY, Ha3HalJeHHOMY cynoM ,l]JISi npOBelleHI1S1
npouellYP 63HKpoTcTBa (n. 2 CT. 20 3aKoHa NQ 6-<D3).
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HI1KHyrb npl1 I1cYpe6oBaHI111 llonrOB C nl1KBI1LllipyeMoro npe.nnpl1S1TI1H..
135
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npellnp fSlTI-1S1.
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CYll 3a pa3peweHHeM cnopa 0 cy6DeKTHBHoM npaBe.
B HCKOBOM 3aSIBJ1eHI1H BbIpa>KaeTCSI BonH 3311HTepeCOB3HHoro nHua,
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3 TaJOKe .[\J'1H YCTaHOBJJCHHSI CBH3H C YLJ3CTBYIOWHMH B ene nI1U3MH.
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IIHe nOllaeTCSI npe,l1CTaBliTeneM;
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neM; B nocnC HCM CJ1Y l lae K 33S1W1eliHIO 1l0n)l(Ha 6blTb npl1nO>KeHa OBe-
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CO ep)f{aHl1e I1CKOBoro 3aSlWleHI1S1, a TaJOKe HCnpaO"J1bHOH onnaTbl HCKO-
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6e3 co6nlOllcHHSI Tpe60BaH tH, YK33aHHbIX B CT. 131 H 132 rnK HnH He
onnalleJ-IliOe rOCYllapCTOeltHOH Jl0lUJlHHOH'I ocma6AJlemCJl cyoo..w 6e3 06UJlCe-
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neHHSI He OCTaTKOB HCKOBoro 3aSlBJIeHHH. ECJJH B YK333HHbIH CpOK He,QOC-
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6blTb OCTaBJJeHO 6e3 LIBH)KeHI1S1.
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npe nOCblnOK npaBa Ha npe 1>SlBJ1eHHe HCKa, 3 TaJOKe C06nlO!leHl1eM
nopSln.Ka ero ocymecTBJleHHSI H cnY>KI1T OCHOBaHHeM ,UJls:t B036YJKlleHHSI
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liHe HCKa HnH Hec06nlO eHHH HeKOTopblX ycn08H" npell1>s:tBJIeHI1S1 HCKa:
. ecnH 33S1BJleHHe lie nOlV1e)KHT paCCMOTpCHl11O B cY!lax;
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HOCTb npJ.1MeHeHHSI 3Toro nops:tllKa Hnl1 T3K3S1 B03MO>KHOCTb He
yrpaLJeHa, CYll He BnpaBe paCCM3TPHB3Tb eno;
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peweHHe cY!la HnH onpelleneHHe CY!l3 0 npHHSlTI1H OTKa3a OT
HCKa Hnl1 06 yrBCpJK1leHHH MHpoBoro cornaweHHSI CTOpOH RH60
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neTeHUHH;
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. ecnH Me}l(J:ly CTOpOH3MH 3aKlllOLJeH 1l0roBop 0 nepe1l3lle aHHoro
cnopa Ha p33perneHHe TpeTeHcKoro CY!l3;
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. ecnH 3as:tBJ1eHHe OT HMeHH 3al1HTepeCoB3HHoro nHua nOllaHO
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5.5. CYAe6Hbie paCXOAbi
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BJleLJeT pacxon.bl Ha COllep)K3HHe npaBOCYllHH, KOTopble B caMOM 06111eM
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POCXOOaMU 8 UJUpOKOM CMblCJle nOHUMalOl11CR cpedcm80, Heo6xoOUMbie OAR
cooepJ#COHUR cucmeMbi cyoe6Hoii 3ow.Ulnbl HopyweH"olo npo66.
138
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lJeHHe 3311HTepecoBaHHblMI1 B nene cTOpOHaMI1.
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06U3aHHOCTI1 Ha CTOPOHY, BHHOBHYIO B np11 l JI1HeH1111 pacxonOB,
IJ03MeCTI1Tb cYlle6Hbie paCXOl{bl llPyroH CTopOHe..
. 06eCnelJeHI1e MaKCI1MaJlbHO 6blCTporo pa3peWeHI1S1 llena OCY-
lueCTBJ1UeTCSI C nOMornblO BJ111S1HI1S1 H3 npou eCC Ya.J1bHOe nOBelle-
HHe CTOpOH nyreM YCTaHOBJ1eHI1S1 oc060ro pe)l(HM3 pacnpellene-
.il1S1 cYlle6HbiX pacXOllOB H CaHKUH" Ja Hello6poCOBCCTHoe npo-
ueCCYaJlbHOe nOBeneHl1e.
CnenyeT OTMeTI1Tb, 4TO YK33aHHaSi paHee pa3HMua B HCTOlJHMKaX
.... u
cpenCTB Ha COllep)l(aHl1e TpeTeHCKHX CYllOB H rocynapCTBeHHO" CI1CTeMbl
npaBOCYIUUI 06YCJ10BJ1HBaeT pa3J1WU1e B ueJ1S1X peryJ1MpOBaHHSI cYlle6-
HblX paCXOllOB.
Ecnl1 TpeTeHCKl1e CYl{bl, HHaHcl1pyeMble HCKJ1lO l IHTeJ1bHO 3a C4eT
CTOpOH no lleny, 11 Me lOT B Ka4eCTBe rnaBHOH uenH perynl1pOBaHJ1S1 KOM-
u
neHcaUHIO nOHeceHHblX CYllOM P3CXOllOB, TO MSI rOCYllapCTBeHHOI1 cy-
lle6HOH CHCTeMbl xap3KTepHO nepBOCTeneHHoe 3Ha4eHI1e c06CTBeHHO
npoueccyaJlbHblX ueneH npH perynHpoBaHI1H cyn e 6HbiX paCXOllOB, no-
143
CKonbKY JaLlalJa MaTepHarIbHOrO 06eCneI.JeHHs:J cYlle6HOH CI1CTeMbl ne}f(I1T
Ha rOcY1l3pcTBe.
CneUH<l>HKa cYlle6HbiX pacXOllOB COCTOI1T B TOM, lJTO 06e CropOHbl
HMefOT B03MO}f(HOCTb BJ111S1Tb Ha pa3Mep cYlle6HbiX paCXOnOB 11 nI1UO,
06paTI1BWeeCSI 3a 3aWHTOH HapyweHHorO npaBa, H nI1UO, npaBO Hapy-
WI1BWee. Hanpl1Mep, eCJ)H HCTeU 3aSlBJ1S1eT 1.Jpe3MepHble I1CKOBble TJ)e60-
BaHJ1S1, TO pa3 tep rOCnOllJnHHbl H J])1HTenbHOCTb cYlle6HOrO pa36I1paTeJ1b-
CTBa B03paCT3eT, CJlenOBaTeJIbHO t B03paCTalOT H cyn.e6Hble paCXOJ1bl.. To
)l(e caMoe npOHCXOllJ1T, HanpHMep, npl1 OTKa3e OTBeTllHKa OT I1CnonHeHI1S1
peweHHSI CYlla, lJTO BJ1elJeT 1l0nOnHI1TenbHbie 11311ep)l(KI1. n03TOMY B03-
nO}f(eHl1e BCeX CYJ1e6HbIX pacXOllOB TOnbKO Ha Ol!HY CTOPOHY He n03B0J1S1-
eT JalllHTHTb ee OT He06xonl1MOCTH HeCTH paCXOllbl, JaBblllJeHHble no BI1-
He llpyroH CTOpOHbl. B pe3ynbTaTe nOCKOJ1bKY 06e CTOpOHbl BJ111S1IOT Ha
pa3Mep cYllc6HbiX paCXOllOB, TO B 3aBI1CI1MOCTI1 OT 06CTOSITenbCTB Ha 06e
CTOpOHbJ MO.>KeT 6blTb B03J10)l(eHa 06S13aHHOCTb no HX ynnaTe nonHOCTblO
HnH B lJaCTH. B 3TOM JaKJ1IOI.JaeTCSI erne OllHO OTnl1lJl1e pacnpelleneHI1s:J
y6bITKOB no rK P<I> 11 cyn.e6HblX paCXOllOB no rn K P<I>.
CornaCHO HopMaM rpa)l(JlaHCKOro npaBa paCXOllbl no BOCCTaHOBJ1e-
HI1IO HapywetlHOro npaBa nyreM cYlle6HOH 3alUHTbi Moryr 6blTb 803110-
>KeHbl TOJlbKO .Ia nHUO, HapYllJl1BllJee npaBO, Torlla KaK no HopMaM
rpa>K1J.aHCKO-npoueCCYaJIbHoro npaBa TaKl1e pacxOllbl MOryr 6blTb B03-
nO.>KeHbI K3K Ha nHUO, HapYWHBwee npaBO, TaK 11 Ha nHUO, npaBO KO-
Toporo IfapyweHO.
BbllleJ1eHHe npoueCCYaJIbHblM 3aKOHOM lJaCTH paCX0110B no BOCCTa-
HOBJ1e.iHfO HapyweHHoro npaBa B rpynny CYJ1e6tlblX pacXOllOB I1MeeT
CBoeH ueJlblO nOBJ1HSlTb Ha npoueCCYaJIbHoe nOBelleHHe CTOpOHbl nyreM
YCTaHOBJleHI1S1 oc06oro nopSlllKa pacnpelleneHI1S1 CYJ1C6HbIX paCXOllOB,
lJTO 06YCJ10BJ1I1BaeTCSI He06xOlll1MOCTbIO orpaHHtJeHHSI lJHCna Heo60CHO-
.
BaHHO 3aSlBJ1eHHblX J1CKOB 11 I.Jpe3MepHoro 3aBb1WeHI1S1 HCKOBblX Tpe60-
uaH 11M.
.LtaHHble OrpaHHlJeHHs:J YCTaHaBJ1HBaIOTCSI rocYllapcTuoM H3 cnellYIO-
111I1X co06pa)l(eHHH: Bo-nepBblx, H3-3a 60nbwoH 3arpY}f(eHHOCTI1 rpa.>K-
llaHCKHX CYllOB, BO-BTOpbIX, 113-3a pacxolloB rocYllapcTBa no paccMoTpe-
HHIO Ka)l(IlOrO lleJ1a B CBSl311 C oTcyrcTBl1eM oKynaeMocTI1 B n.eSlTeJ1bHO-
CTH CYllOB 11, B-TpeTbI1X, D.J1S1 cOKparneHHSI D.J1HTeJ1bHOCTI1 cYlle6Horo
pa3611paTen bCTB3.
B npoueccyanbHoM 3aKOH0J1aTeJ1bCTBe MO)f(HO BblllenliTb llBa cnoco-
6a 1l0CTH)KeHHSI YKa3aHHoH uenH:
. npSlMoe 3anperneHI1e YKa3aHI1e Ha B03MO}f(HOCTb CHI1.>KeHI1S1
cyn.beH pa3Mepa I1CKOBblX Tpe60BaHI1H «B cnYlJae SlBHoro Heco-
OTBeTCTBI1S1 YKa3aHHoH ueHbl llei1cTBI1TeJ1bHOH CTOHMOCTH OTbl-
CKH8c;1eMoro I1Myrn e cTBa»;
. BJ111S1HHe Ha npoueccYaJIbHoe nonelleHl1e CTOpOHbl, KOTopoe
ocyweCTBJ1S1eTcSI: nyreM YCTaHOBJleHI1s:J 3aBI1CHMOCTI1 pacnpelle-
144
neHHSI cYlIe6HbiX pacXOlIOB Me}KJlY CTOpOHaMI1 OT pe3ynbTaTa cy-
lIe6HOrO pa36l1paTeJ1 bCTBa, Bblpa)l(alOlJ.{erOCSI B OTHOWeHHH CYM-
Mbl I1CKOBoro Tpe60BaHHSI K CYMMe YllOBJ1eTBopeHHOrO; nyreM
YCTaHOBJ1eHHSI 3aBI1CHMOCTI1 Me)f(JlY pa3MepOM HCKOBblX TPe60-
BaHI1H 11 pa3MepOM nOWnl1Hbl, ynnatjl1BaeMOH npH 06paw. e H"H
B cYlI.
npH4eM CJ1ellyeT OTMeTI1Tb, tjTO lIaHHblH cnoc06 06parneH npe)K)I.e
BCerO K I1CTUY, TaK KaK HMeHHO OH, 3a1.JaC1)'1O 3aSlBJISlSl CJII1WKOM 60J1b-
wl1e Tpe60BaHHSI9 SlBnSleTCSI BI1HOBHHKOM DJlI1TenbHoro paCCMOTpeHI1S1
rpa)f(JlaHCKI1X lleJ1. TOrlla KaK OTBeTtjHKY BblrOllHee MaKCHMaJ1bHO 6bl-
CTpOe paCC fOTpeHHe lIena C MHHI1MaT1bl-fbIMH H3 ep)l(KaMH, nOCKOnbKY
Ha HerO, no 06w.eMY npaBJ1ny, nO}f(HTCSI 6peMSI HeCeHJ1S1 cYlle6HblX pac-
XOlIOB CBOI1X H I1CTua. PaCnpelIeJ1eHHe cYlIe6HbiX paCXOlIOB perynl1py-
eTCSI pSllIOM CTaTew rn K P<1> cornaCHO 06rneMY npaBI1J1Y, OKOHtjaTenb-
HaSl CYMM3 paCXOlIOB I1CTUa nponOpUl10HaT1bHa pa3Mepy Tpe60BaHH", B
YlIOBJleTBOpeHl111 KOTOpblX OTKa3aHO, a OKOHlJarenbHaSi cYMMa pacXOlIOB
OTBeTlJHKa nponOpUHOH3J1bHa pa3Mepy YlIOBJ1eTBOpeliHblX Tpe60BaHI1H.
PacnpeneneHl1e paCXOlIOB CTOpOH Ha onJ1aTY ycnyr npelICTaBI1TenH
npOHCXOlIl1T He B COOTBeTCTBI1J1 C npHHUHnOM nponopUHOHanbHOCTH,
KaK H pacnpelIeneHl1e pacxonOB no p03blCKY LlOn>KHI1Ka.
B03MemeHI1e paCXOllOB no I1CnOnHeHl11O cYlIe6HbiX peWeHJ1" TaJOKe
HMeeT oc06eHHOCTI1 B COOTBeTCTBI1J1 co CT. 84 3aKoHa «(06 J1CnOnHI1-
TenbHOM npoH3BolIcTBe»: «(PaCxollbl no cOBepWeH111O HCnonHI1TenbHblX
u y '-"
lIel1CTBHI1 B3blCKHBalOTCSI C 1l0n)l(HHKa 11 BHOCSlTCSI Ha lIen0311THblH C1.JeT
nOlIpa311eneHI1S1 C nOCJlelIYlOmHM B03MerneHI1eM BHe6fOIDKeTHoMY Q>OH.ny
pa3BJ1TJ1S1 I1CnOflHJ.1TenbHOro np0I13BOllCTBa».. Ot.JeBHlIHO, liTO YCTaHOB-
neHHblH nopSillOK OTnHlJaeTCSI OT pacnpelIeJ1eHJ1S1 CYJle6HbiX pacXOlIOB no
rn K, H Bonpoc 0 TOM, KaKHe HOpMbl cnelIyeT npl1MeHSlTb, Tpe6yeT 3a-
KOHOJlaTenblioro pa3peweHHSI.
5.6. BCTpeLlHbl J.1CK
Donee CnO)l(HblM 11 pe}f(e I1CnOnb3yeMbiM Ha npaKTI1Ke SlBJlSleTCSI Ta-
KOH cnoc06 3alllJ1Tbl OTueT4HKa, KaK BCTpe4Hbift HCK.
BCTpe4HbiM I1CK Ca,.10CTOSITeJ1bI-IOe Tpe60BaHHe OTBeT'-lI1Ka K HCT-
uy, npelI1>SlBJJeHHOe B CYlI DJlSI olIHoBpeMeHHoro COBMeCTHoro paCCMOT-
peHI1S1 B lIene no HCKY I1CTua. nOCKOJ1bKY HCK OTBel'lJ1Ka xapaKTepH3Y-
eTCH B KalJeCTBe BCTpeI.JHOrO, Tpe60BaHJ1e HCTua npHHSlTO Ha3blBaTb B
1I3HHOM cnYlJae nepBOHa4aT1bHbIM.
Tpe60BaHHe OTBeTlJl1Ka MO)l(eT 6blTb npHHSlTO J])1S1 COBMeCTHoro
paCCMOTpeHJ1S1 C nepBOH34aT1bHb1M I1CKOM TonbKO B T P e x cJlyqaSlx,
npSlMO npellYCMOTpeHHblX 3aKOHOM (CT. 132 rn K P<I».
I. Ecnl1 BCTpe4Hoe Tpe60BaHI1e HanpaBJ1eHO K JalJeTY nepBOHa-
lJ3J1bHOrO Tpe60BaHI1S1. 3a4eT I1MeeT MeCTO, KorJla o6a HCKa HOCSIT I1MY-
145
meCTBeHl:lblH xapaKTep. ECJ111 ueHa BCTpelJHOrO I1CKa Bblwe, lJeM Y nep-
BOHatjaJIbHOrO, CYll, npOH3BeJUI B3al1MHOe nOraWeHl1e J1X, B3blweT B
n0J1b3Y OTBeT4HKa nHWb HellOCT31OWYIO CYMMY.
AHaJlOrHlJHblM 06pa30M CYli nOCTynI1T, eCJ111 ueHa nepBOHalJaJlbHOrO
I1CKa Bblwe ueHbl BCTJ)elJHOrO, npHcYlll1B HCTUY CYMMY, COCTaBJ1S1IOUJyIO
pa3HHUY B ueHe I1CKOB. npH OllHHaKOBOH ueHe 060HX 1pe60BaHl1w CYli
B3al1MHO norawaeT I1X, HC npl1C}')K.aasl K3Kl1x-nl160 CYMM HI1 OflHOH H3
CTOpOH. npoUeccyanbli3S1 3KOHOMI1S1, 1l0CTl1raeMID1 B pe3ynbTaTe paCCMOT-
peHI1S1 B O.nHOM npouecce Tpe60BaHHH, non.ne)l(3WHX Ja1.JeTy, npOSlBJ1S1eTCSI
B CT3.lJ.I1H I1cnOl1 HeHHSI. npl1 pa311eJlbHOM paCCMOTpeHI1J1 nOll06HbiX T"pe6o-
BaHHH CH8lJaJla no I1CnOnHHTenbHOMY nHCTy 6YlleT B3blCKaHa CYMMa, HC-
TpC6yeMaS1 HCTUOM. A 33TeM npoH30i1 eT cpaKTl1lJeCKH 06paTHoe B3bICKa-
Hl1e no 1]Je60BaHI1IO OTBeTtIHKa. npl1 COBMeCTHO f )l(e paccMOTpeHI1H HC-
KOB, Me)f(lly KOTOpblMI1 B03MO)l(eH 3alJeT t 6Yller BblllaH OllHH HcnOl1HHTenb-
.... 'OJ u
HblH nHCT B nOJlb3Y OllHoro B3bICKaTeJlS1, HHKaKOH 83aI1MHOH nepenal..JH
lleHe)l(HblX CYMM He no-rpe6yeTcSI. OliHaKO npHHSlTb K paccM01peHHIO B
OliHOM npouecce C nepBOHa1.JaJlbHblM HCKOM BCTpe1.fHOe 1pe60BaHl1e no
MOTHBY B03MO)l(HOrO I1X 3alJern npaBo, a He 06J13aHHOCTb CYlia.
B KalJeCTBe npl1Mepa Tpe6oBaHI1W, HanpaBJ1eHHblX K 3atjeTy, JlOCT3-
TOtjHO npHBeCTI1 OliHO H3 THnl1lJHblX YCJ10BH" 1l0rOBopa apeH,Llbl He)l(I1110-
ro nOMemeHI1S1. ApeHJlaTOp BnpaBe Tpe60BaTb 3a'leTa B apeHllHYIO nnary
CYMM, 113paCXOliOBaHHbiX Ha ynyqweHl1e apeH.QyeMoro nOMeweHHSI.
2. ECJ111 YllOBJ1eTBOpeHl1e BCTpelJHOrO I1CKa HCKJ1lOlJaer nonHOCTbJO
I1nH B lJaCTH YllOBJ1eTBOpeHl1e nepBOHalJaJlbHOrO HCKa.
B .n,IHHOM cnYlJae BCTpelJHOe Tpe60BaHHe HanpaBJJeHO H8 nonHblH
I1nl1 lJaCTl1lJHblH nOllpblB OCHOBaHHSI nepBOHa1.JaJlbHOrO Tpe60BaHHSJ, no
CBoeMY xapaKTepy OHI1 SlBJ1S1IOTCS1 B3aI1M0I1CKJ1JO"IaJOWI1MI1 llPyr .npyra.
Hx pa311eJ1bHOe paCCMOTpeHHe HeB03MO}f(HO, nOCKOJ1bKY 3TO nOBJ1eKJIO
6bl BblHeceHHe npOTI1BOpelJal1J.HX JJ.pyr llPYry peWeHH" H HapyweHHe
npaBHna npelOllHUl1aJ1bHOCTI1. OAHO H3 TaKHX TPe60BaHI1H I111H 06a HO-
CSIT HeHMywecTBeHHblH xapaKTep. Hal160nee TJ1nHlJHbIMH npl1MepaMH
BCTpe'-lHbIX I1CKOB, npell1>SlBJ1S1eMbIX no YKa3aHHoMY OCHOBaHI1IO, SlBJ1H-
'OJ
IOTCSI: HCK 0 BJblCKaHHH aT1HMeHTOB H BCTpellHblH I1CK OTBeTlJHKa 0
npl13HaHHH HelleHCTBI1TenbHOM 3anHCH ero OTUOM pe6eHKa B opraHax
3arca; I1CK 0 p3CTop)l(eHHI1 6paKa H BCTpetjHblH HCK 0 npl13HaHI111 6paKa
'" ..... u
Hellel1CTBI1TenbHbIM; I1CK 0 pa3.aeJ1e )l(l1nOH n110WaD.11 11 BCTpetj.HbIH I1CK
.
o npH3HaHHH nepBOHalJaJlbHOrO HCTua yrpaTHBllJHM npaBo Ha )l(HnylO
nnomMb. CYli 06S13aH npl1HSlTb non06Hbie Tpe60BaHI1S1 K cOBMecTHoMY
paCCMOTpeHHfO H BblHeCTI1 no HHM OliHO peWeHl1e.
3. EcnH Me)t(Jty BC1pelJHbIM 11 nepBOH3lJaJlbHbiM HCKaMH HMeeTCSI
B3aHMHast CBSl3b H I1X COBMeCTHoe paccMOTpeHl1e npHBelieT K 60nee 6bl-
CTPOMY 11 npaBl1nbHoMY pa3peweHHIO cnopoB.
311ecb Bee 3aBI1CI1T OT YCMoTpeHI1S1 cYlia COlJTeT nH OH Tpe60Ba-
HI1S1 B3al1MOCBSl3aHHbiMIi I1nH HeT. Ha MOMellT npl1HSlTHJI BCTpetjHoro
146
I1CKa OlJeHb TpynHo CYIlHTb, K KaKOMY pe3ynbTaTY npHBeIleT npou ecc ,
COBceM He I1CKJllOtjeHO ero ocnO)l(HeHl1e 11 3aTSlr11BaHl1e, BblHeCeHl1e
HenpaBI1J1bHOrO peWeHI1S1. 11a npaKTI1Ke cy.nbH OCTOpO>KHO nonXOIlSlT K
TaKOMY COeIll1HeHl1fO I1CKOB, tjTO ononHe onpaBIlaHHO.
B KatjeCTBe npl1Mepa npl1MeHeHHS1 YKa3aHHoro OCI-IOBaHI1S1 llJ1S1
npHHSlTI1S1 BCTpe4Horo I1CK3 MO)l(HO Ha3BaTb cnY43H paCCMOTpeHI1S1 B
Ilene 0 paCTOp}f(eHI1H 6paKa TPe60BaHI1H OTBCT4HKa 0 B3blCKaHI1H C I1CT-
ua aJll1MeHTOB 11 0 pa3nene COBMeCTHO Ha>KI1TOrO I1MywecTB3.
BCTpe4HblH I1CK MO>KeT 6blTb npell1>SlBJIeH .llO nocraHOBJ1eHI1S1 pewe-
HI1S1 no nepBOHa4aJ1bHOMY I1CKY, npaKTI14eCKH 110 ynaJIeHI1S1 CYIla B
conewaTenbHYIO KOMHaTY Jl}1S1 BblHeCeHI1H peWeHI1S1. npeIloHBnSleTCSI OH
no 06Wl1M npaBl1naM: nOIlaeTCSI B CYIl I1CKOBOe 3aRBJleHI1e C co6nlOIle-
HHeM Tpe6oBaHI1H, npel(YCMOTpeHHbIX CT. 131 132 rn K P<I>, 3aSlBJ1e-
Hl1e OnnalJI1B3eTCSI rOCnOWnI1HoH. npHHSlTl1e BCTPelJHOrO I1CKa OQ>OPWlSl-
eTCSI onpeIleneHl1eM cy;xa I1nl1 CYIlbl1. nOIlcynHoCTb Bc-rpelJHOrO I1CKa 06y-
CnOBJleHa ero CBSl3blO C nepBOHalJanbHblM I1CKOM, BCJ1eIlcTBl1e tjero OH
npenbHBJ1s-JeTCS1 B cYIl no Mecry paCCMOlpeHHSI nepBOHalJaJlbHOrO I1CKa.
Ecnl1 OCHOBaHHS1 SI npl1HSlTI1S1 HCKa OTBeT4HKa KaK BCTpe4Horo
OTcyrcTBYIOT, CYIl HJ111 CYIlbSl BbIHOCS1T onpelleneHHe 06 OTKa3e B ero
npl1HSlTI1H )])IS1 COBMeCTHoro paccMolpeHI1S1 C nepBOHa4aJ1bHblM. TaKoe
onpeIleJ1eHHe 06}f(aJlOBaHl1fO He nOJlJle)l(I1T, nOCKOJ1bKY He npenSlTcTByeT
npeIl S1BJ1eHI1IO caMOCTOSlTeJ1bHOrO I1CKa. Eenl1 >Ke CYIlbS1 I1nH CYli OTKa-
3blBalOT B npHHS1TI1I1 33S1BJ1eHI1S1 OTBeTlJl1Ka 110 MOTI1BaM, npellYCMOT-
peHHblM B rn K P4», onpeIleneHl1e MO}f(eT 6b1Tb 06>K3J10BaHO.
Pe30nIOTI1BHaS1 lJaCTb cYIle6Horo peWeHI1S1 nO}J)I(Ha COIlep)KaTb OT-
llenbHble. BblBonbl no nepBOHalJaJlbHOMY 11 BCTPe"lHOMY I1CKaM: KaKoe
npaBO npl13HaJI0 3a K3}K)lOH H3 CTOpOH, KTO. K3KHe IleHCTBH" 11 B lJbfO
nonb3Y 1l0n)l(eti npOH3BeCTI1.
4>aKTl1tjeCKI1 3TO 6YIleT eIlHHoe perneHl1e no nBYM p33J1l1lJHblM Tpe-
60BaHI1S1M, rIle Ka)t(JlaSl 113 CTOpOH 3aHI1MaeT nOnO>KeHl1e I1CTua 11 OTBeT-
411Ka OIlHOBpeMeHHO.
5.7. 06ecneLleH e CKa
06ecnelfe"ue UCK" 3mo OeRmeAbHOCmb CYObU WlU cyoa 110 IlpUMeHe-
HUIO npeOYCMompeHHbIX 30KOHOM Mep, 2apaHmupYlO1u.ux peQJlbHOe UCI10AHeHue
6YOYIl{elO pemeHUR no OeAY 8 mOM CAy"tae, eCAU UCK 6yiJem Y008JlemeopeH.
06eCnelJeHI1e I1CKa llonYCK3eTCSI BO BCSlKOM nonO}f(eHHI1 neJ1a, ecnl1
Henpl1HsiTl1e Mep 06ecne4eHI1S1 MO}f(eT 3aTpYIlHHTb I1nl1 c.neJ1aTb HeB03-
MO}f(HbIM I1CnOnHeHHe peWeHI1S1 cyna. Mepbl no o6ecnel.leHHIO I1CKa
.. """
npl1HI1M31OTCSI CYIlOM I1nl1 CYIlbel1 no 3aS1BJ1eHHIO 11 XOIlaT3HCTBY nHu,
YlJaCTBY lO ull1X B Jlene, I1nl1 no CBoeH I1HI1Ul1aTI1Be (CT. 133 rn K P<I»,
npocb6a nl1U, Yl.JaCTBYlOillHX B nene, 06 06eCnelJeHI111 HCKa MO}f(eT 6blTb
nHcbMeHHoH I1nH YCTHOH (HanpHMep, HCTeu Bnpaoe YKa3aTb 06 3TOM B
147
I1CKOBOM 3aSlBJ1eHHI1, 3aSlBHTb B XOlle cYlle6HOrO 3aCellaHI1S1 XOllaTaHCT-
BO, 06paTHTbCH K cYlibe I1JIM CYllY C OTlleJ1bHbiM 3aSlBJ1eHl1eM 06 06ecne-
4eHI1H I1CKa). KaKl1x-nl160 CneUl1aJ1bHblX Tpe60B3HI1H K 113J10)l(eHI1IO
T3KOH npocb6bl 3aKOH He npellYCMaTpHBaeT. CYlibSi elll1HOnl14HO pernaeT
Bonpoc 06 06ecne4eHI111 I1CKa B MOMeHT B036y eHI1S1 rpa aHcKoro
neJ1a 11 B npouecce ero nOllrOTOBKM, 3 T3K)I(e B XOlie cYlle6Horo pa3611-
paTeJlbCTBa, eCJ111 lleJ10 paCCMaTpl1BaeTCSI He B KOJlnerl1aJ1bHOM COCTaBe.
npl1 KonnerHaJlbHOM paCCMOTpeHMI1 lleJla x01l3TaHcTBo 06 06eCnelJeHI1H
HCKa, 3aJlBJleHHOe B XOlle cYlle6Horo pa36MpaTeJ1bCTBa, pa3pernaeTcSI
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PCet>CP» OT 4 MaSi 1991 r., 3aKOH Pet> «06 OCHOBax HaJlOfOBOi1 CJ.1CTeMbl
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IOTCSI HeKOTopble nOnJaKOHHble aKTbl npaB080ro xapaKTep3, COJ1ep>KaWJ.1e
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cJ1Y:>K6e, yrBCp>KneHHOe YKaJOM npe311J1eHT3 POCCl1iicKOi1 et>cnepaul1l1 OT
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30M MI1HJ.1CTpa tOCTI1Ul111 CCCP OT 15 HOSl6pSl 1985 r.
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154
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cyn.a cy6beKTa POCCI-1MCKOH C1>CJIepaUHI1 yrBep)KlIaK)TCSI rlpellccn.aTcneM
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MC)KJ].YHapOIlHOH cYIle6HOH npoueLlypbl (HC3aBHCI1MOCTb cy.n.c6Horo op-
raHa, pa3pCUJCHI1e npaSOBblX cnopol3 Ha OCHOBe MC>KD.YHapOIllloro npa-
Ba, 3apaHee onpCIleJ1eHHblH npouecc pa36upaTenbCTBa, 06H3bIB31OWHH
xapaKTCp peUJCHHSl 1 ) npHCYWH 11 EBponCHCKOMY CYIlY no npaBaM lleJ10-
r CM.: WUIIKapel{/WlI I:r. MC)I(1lYHi.lpon.HaSi cyn.c6HaSi npoucn.ypa. M.: H<.tYKa. 1992.
C. 22-23.
182
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183
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Ul10H I1pOn3Tb B 1958 r. B paMKax Tt.1KOH penfOi UUl bHOi-'f MC>KllYHapOllHOH
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184
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paW3TbC>I BCC 'IaWC H tlalliC. K Wl t laJIY 90-x rOLlon Ha3pc.Jla Hc06xonu-
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IOPJlCJU1KllJU1 EnponcHcKoro cyna 11 Ha.Ll.CJICHI1SI ero n0J1J-10MO'IHSIMI1 npl1-
CY)f(1laTb nOTCpnCHWI1 J1l1ua cnpaBCl1J1lmyJO KO 1nelicaUJttO.
C no.nnI1C UH1C:\1 II BCl)'IlJ1el-B1CM B CHJ1Y 1 J-IOSI6pSI 1998 r. npOTOKO-
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3i.UUI1Tbl npan 'ICJIOBcKa no EBponcMcKoH KOHUCHUI1H 1950 r. 6blJ1 KO-
pCIIHblM 06pa30\1 113MCHCfI. TaK. '-!acn-lbIC lluua n0J1YllWJ111 B03MO)K-
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I B ncpuo.ll C 195H no 19H5 r. Enpon('BcKuH CY.ll nhlH('C CTO pCIlJCHItH. l11S! cpanHC-
HilS!: K 2002 r. Enponc cK....i1 CYll nblHCC Y)I(C 60.1bUJC .unyx C 2.5 TbIC. pCIlJCHJ1H.
2 Council of Europc. Collectcu Edition ofTrav:mx Prcparmoric'\ (1975). P.34.
185
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MHTeTa COBeTa lI.enyraToB Tpy.n.SlllU1XCSI, npc.n.npHSlTHSI, oprallH3a-
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