ȀdzǺǻȉdz ǿȀǾǮǿȀǶ
SALAMANDRA P.V.V.

DzȘȐșȚȖȜȍȘ
ǩdzǭDZǸ
ǬǭǪǻȀDzǨ
-ǫǭǷǨǸǬ
ǸțȒȖȗȐșȤ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȕȈȧ ȕȈ ȝȘȈȕȍȕȐȍ
Ȋ ȈȘȝȐȊ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ DzȖșȔȖȗȖȓȐșȈ
ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȖȔ ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖȋȐȐ
Salamandra P.V.V.

DzȘȐșȚȖȜȍȘ ǩȓȍȑȘ ȅ ǽȍȘȖȕ-Ǩȓȓȍȕ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ-ȋȍȗȈȘȌ ǸțȒȖȗȐșȤ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȕȈȧ ȕȈ ȝȘȈȕȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȈȘȝȐȊ ǻȕȐȊȍȘ-
șȐȚȍȚȈ DzȖșȔȖȗȖȓȐșȈ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȖȔ ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖȋȐȐ. ǷȍȘ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȐșȓ Ǩ ȀȍȘȔȈ-
ȕȈ ǰȓȓ Ǭ ǬȎȖȕșȖȕȈ. — ǩ Ȕ Salamandra P.V.V., 2021. — 57 ș Ȑȓȓ — (ǺȍȔ-
ȕȣȍ șȚȘȈșȚȐ).
«ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ-ȋȍȗȈȘȌ» ȋȐȉȘȐȌ ȌȍȊȐȈȕȚȕȖȑ ȥȘȖȚȐȒȐ Ȑ ȔȖȚȐȊȖȊ ©ǶșȚȘȖȊȈ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ǴȖȘȖª ǫ
ǻȥȓȓșȈ — ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ șȈȔȈȧ ȘȍȌȒȈȧ ȒȕȐȋȈ Ȋ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȕȈțȟȕȖȑ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȐ ǽǽ Ȋ ǰȏ-ȏȈ șȊȖȍȋȖ
șȒȈȕȌȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȗȖ ȚȍȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈȔ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȈ ȕȖȊȍȓȓȈ DzȘȐșȚȖȜȍȘȈ ǩȓȍȑȘȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȐȏȌȈȕȈ Ȋ  ȋ
ȚȐȘȈȎȖȔ Ȋ  ȥȒȏ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȈȊȠȐȝșȧ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȖȌȈȎȐ Ȑ ȓȐȠȤ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ șȚȈȓȈ
ȌȖșȚțȗȕȈ Ȍȓȧ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ǰȕȚȍȘȍșȕȈ Ȑ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȤ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ ȗȖȌ ȗșȍȊȌȖȕȐȔȖȔ ©DzȘȐșȚȖȜȍȘ
ǩȓȍȑȘª Ȋ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȍ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓ ȉȘȐȚȈȕșȒȐȑ ȗȖȓȐȔȈȚ ȅȌȊȈȘȌ ǽȍȘȖȕ-Ǩȓȓȍȕ -1943) —
ȦȘȐșȚ șȒȘȐȗȐȟȕȣȝ Ȍȍȓ ȔȈșȚȍȘ ȝȐȘȖȔȈȕȚ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȉȐȖȓȖȋ Ȑ ȏȖȖȓȖȋ ȒȘȈȍȊȍȌ Ȑ ȈȘȝȍȖȓȖȋ ǵȈ
ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȧȏȣȒ ©ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ-ȋȍȗȈȘȌª ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȐȚșȧ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ
© Author, estate, 2021
© A. Sherman, ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌ ȗȘȍȌȐșȓ 2021
© Salamandra P.V.V ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȍ 21

DzdzǰȁȆǸǮ-DZdzǽǮǾDz
ȘțȒȖȗȐșȤ ȐȏȢȧȚȈȧ Ȑȏ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȈ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍȔ ©ǩȈȋȘȖȊȣȑ șȈȗȜȐȘª
ǷȖȔȍȡȍȕȖ ȕȈ ȝȘȈȕȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȈȘȝȐȊ ǻȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ DzȖșȔȖȗȖȓȐșȈ
ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȖȔ ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖȋȐȐ
ǵȖȔȍȘ BBB Ȑȏ ȚȐȘȈȎȈ Ȋ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘȖȊ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȈȊȈȝ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȐ
Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȐȊȈȚȕȖȋȖ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕȐȧ
dzǶǵǬǶǵ
1923

ǶȔȈȘȈ ǽȈȑȧȔȈ ȗȖ șȚȈȘȍȑȠȍȑ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȐ ǩȖȌȓȐȈȕșȒȖȑ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȖ-
șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȚȤ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȍ
ȗȖȥȚț Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȕȈșȓȍȌȐȦ
ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȖȚȞȈ Ȋ  ȋ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓȈ ǽȍȘȖȕ-Ǩȓȓȍȕț ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȦȘȐȌȐȟȍșȒțȦ
ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒț Ƕȕ ȗȖșȍȓȐȓșȧ ș șȍȔȤȍȑ Ȋ ǯȈȗȈȌȕȖȔ ǹțșșȍȒșȍ Ȑ țȊȓȍȟȍȕȕȖ ȏȈ-
ȕȧȓșȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȍȑ Ȑ ȈȘȝȍȖȓȖȋȐȍȑ ȒȘȈȧ ǵȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȊ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȐȧ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒȎȍ șȚȈȓ ȊȐȌȕȣȔ ȔȖȘșȒȐȔ ȉȐȖȓȖȋȖȔ Ȑ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȖȔ Ȑ ȈȊȚȖ-
ȘȖȔ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ șȚȈȚȍȑ șȖȉȘȈȊȠȐȔ ȊȣȌȈȦȡțȦșȧ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȦ ȜȖȘȈȔȐȕȐ-
ȜȍȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ șȍȑȟȈș Ȋ ǩȘȐȚȈȕșȒȖȔ Ȕțȏȍȍ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ Ȗȕ
ȊȖȏȋȓȈȊȓȧȓ ǶȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ȔȐȒȘȖșȒȖȗȐȐ Ȑ Ȋ  ȋ ȉȣȓ ȐȏȉȘȈȕ Ȋ ȟȓȍȕȣ DzȖ-
ȘȖȓȍȊșȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ
Ǫ ȋȖȌȣ ǷȍȘȊȖȑ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ ǽȍȘȖȕ-Ǩȓȓȍȕ șȓțȎȐȓ ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚȖȔ Ȋ
ȌȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȕȖȔ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕȍ DzȖȘȖȓȍȊșȒȖȋȖ ǹȈșșȍȒșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȒȈ Ȉ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ Ȋ
ȊȖȍȕȕȖȑ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȒȍ ȋȌȍ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈȔȐ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȗȈȋȈȕȌȣ
Ƕ ȗȘȖȟȐȝ țȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȧȝ Ȑ ȈșȗȍȒȚȈȝ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ǽȍȘȖȕ-ǨȓȓȍȕȈ ȌȖșȚȈ-
ȚȖȟȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ țȗȖȔȧȕțȚȤ ȊȒȘȈȚȞȍ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ Ȗȕ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȊȖȏȋȓȈȊ-
ȓȧȓ șȒȈțȚșȒțȦ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȦ ǯȈȗȈȌȕȖȋȖ ǹȈșșȍȒșȈ ȊȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ǶȉȡȍșȚȊȖ
ȗșȐȝȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȑ ȗȐșȈȓ Ȗ ȔțȏȣȒȍ ȉțȌȌȐȑșȒȖȑ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȐȐ Ȑ ȌȈ-
Ȏȍ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȐ șȗȈȘȎȐ
Ǫ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȍ ǽȍȘȖȕ-Ǩȓȓȍȕ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȍȕ ȒȈȒ ȈȊȚȖȘ ȞȐȒȓȈ ȜȈȕ-
ȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȕȈțȟȕȖ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȕȖȊȍȓȓ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȣȝ ȗȖȌ ȗșȍȊȌȖȕȐ-
ȔȖȔ ©DzȘȐșȚȖȜȍȘ ǩȓȍȑȘª Ȑ ȊȖȠȍȌȠȐȝ Ȋ ȒȕȐȋȐ ©ǩȈȋȘȖȊȣȑ șȈȗȜȐȘ Ȑ ȌȘț-
ȋȐȍ ȗȖșȔȍȘȚȕȣȍ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȣ ȖȚȖȉȘȈȕȕȣȍ Ȑȏ ȕȍȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȈȘȝȐȊȖȊ
ǻȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ DzȖșȔȖȗȖȓȐșȈª 
 Ȑ ©ǹȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ǩȓȍȑ-
ȘȈª 
 ȅȚȐ ȝȘȖȕȐȒȐ Ȑ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȖȊ ȊȣȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ǻȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ DzȖșȔȖȗȖȓȐșȈ ȏȈȟȈșȚțȦ ȗȈȘȖȌȐȘțȦȚ ȐȓȐ ȖȉȣȋȘȣȊȈȦȚ ȗȘȖ-
ȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ Ȋ Țȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ ȈȊȚȖȘȖȊ ©șȊȍȘȝȢȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȐșȚȖ-
ȘȐȑª
ǵȖȊȍȓȓȈ ©ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ-ȋȍȗȈȘȌª șȖȟȍȚȈȦȡȈȧ ȌȍȊȐȈȕȚȕțȦ ȥȘȖȚȐȒț Ȑ ȔȖ-
ȚȐȊȣ ©ǶșȚȘȖȊȈ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ǴȖȘȖª ǫ ǻȥȓȓșȈ șȚȖȐȚ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȐȝ ȖșȖȉȕȧȒȖȔ
ǰȏȌȈȚȍȓȐ ©ǩȈȋȘȖȊȖȋȖ șȈȗȜȐȘȈª șȖȟȓȐ ȍȍ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ șȒȈȕȌȈȓȤȕȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȗțȉ-
ȓȐȒȈȞȐȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȕȐȋȍ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ȖȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȖȑ Ȋ ȖȋȓȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ©ǬȍȊțȠȒȐ-ȋȍȗȈȘ-
ȌȈª ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȘȐȔȍȟȈȕȐȍ ©ǰȏȌȈȚȍȓȐ șȖȎȈȓȍȦȚ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ
ȔȖȋțȚ ȕȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȚȤ ȌȈȕȕțȦ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȤª ǵȖȊȍȓȓȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȐȏȌȈȕȈ ȟȈșȚȕȣȔ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȏȖȔ Ȋ  ȋ ȚȐȘȈȎȖȔ Ȋ  ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȣȝ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȖȌȈȎȐ ȥȒȏȍȔȗ-
ȓȧȘȖȊ ȥȚȈ ȒȕȐȋȈ șȚȈȓȈ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ șȈȔȣȔ ȘȍȌȒȐȔ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȍȔ Ȋ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȜȈȕ-
ȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȣ ǽǽ Ȋ ǪȣȠȍȌȠȍȍ Ȋ  ȚȐȘȈȎȖȔ Ȋ  ȥȒȏ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȐȏȌȈȕȐȍ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȘȍȌ-
ȒȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȕȖȊȍȓȓȈ ȅ ǽȍȘȖȕ-ǨȓȓȍȕȈ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȚȈ-
ȓȈ ȌȖșȚțȗȕȈ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȧȔ
Ǩ ȀȍȘȔȈȕ

9
ǷǶȇǹǵǰǺǭdzȄǵǨȇ ǯǨǴǭǺDzǨ
ǷȘȐȔȍȟȈȕȐȍ ȔȖȐȝ ȐȏȌȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȍ 211 șȉȖȘȕȐȒȈ ©ǩȈȋȘȖȊȣȑ
șȈȗȜȐȘª ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȧ ȘȧȌȈ ȏȈȚȘțȌȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊ
șȌȍȓȈȊȠȐȝ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖȑ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȦ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȑ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȐ Ȋ șȉȖȘ-
ȕȐȒȍ DzȈȒ țȒȈȏȈȕȖ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȗȘȍȌȐșȓȖȊȐȐ Ȓ ©ǩȈȋȘȖȊȖȔț șȈȗȜȐȘțª
șȍȔȤ ȊȒȓȦȟȍȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȒȕȐȋț ȘțȒȖȗȐșȍȑ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȚȖȉȘȈȕȣ ȔȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȟȐ-
șȓȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȈ ȔȈȕțșȒȘȐȗȚȖȊ ȊȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȝ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȒ ȝȘȈ-
ȕȐȚȍȓȦ ǫȖȚȖȊȧ ȒȕȐȋț Ȓ ȗȍȟȈȚȐ ȧ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȑȏ șȍȑȜȈ țȕȐȊȍȘ-
șȐȚȍȚșȒȖȑ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȐ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȤ ©ǬȍȊțȠȒȐ-ȋȍȗȈȘȌȈª ȕȈȔȍȘȍȊȈȧșȤ
ȍȍ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȗȘȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ DzȈȒ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȤ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȐȏȓȈȋȈȓȈ
ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗȣ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȑ Ȑ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚȖȊ Ȋ ȚȖȑ ȖȉȓȈșȚȐ ȉȐȖȓȖ-
ȋȐȐ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȖȞȍȕȐȚȤ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ ȔȈȚȍ-
ȘȐȈȓ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȔț ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘț ȕȍȌȖȗțșȚȐȔȣȑ Ȍȓȧ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȐ Ȋ ȒȕȐȋȍ
ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕȐȧ ǶȋȓȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ
ȒȕȐȋȐ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȉȣȓȖ șȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȖ ȕȈ ȖșȕȖȊȍ ȚȐȚțȓȤȕȣȝ ȓȐșȚȖȊ
ȘțȒȖȗȐșȍȑ ȔȖȐȔ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȍȔ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ țȗȖȔȧȕț Ȋ șȒȖȉȒȈȝ ȌȖ-
ȗțșȚȐȓ ȖȠȐȉȒț ȕȈȗȐșȈȊ ©ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȖ ȕȈ ȝȘȈȕȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȖȔ ȉȐȖ-
ȓȖȋȐȐª ȊȔȍșȚȖ ©ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖȋȐȐª — Ȋ ǻȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȍ DzȖșȔȖȗȖȓȐșȈ ȕȍȚ
ȒȈȜȍȌȘȣ Ȗȉȡȍȑ ȉȐȖȓȖȋȐȐ) ȅȚȖ ©ȖȋȓȈȊȓȍȕȐȍª ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȚȐ-
ȗȖȋȘȈȜȐȦ ȗȖșȓȍ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȢȍȏȌȈ Ȑȏ ǨȕȋȓȐȐ Ȋ ȏȈȚȧȕțȊȠȐȑșȧ ȖȚȗțșȒ
Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȖ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȗȘȖȟȐȔȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȧȏȣ-
ȒȖȔ ©ȗȘȍȌȊȈȘȧȦȡȐȔȐ ȌȈȕȕȣȔȐª ȐȌțȡȐȔȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȖșȕȖȊȕȣȔ ȚȍȒ-
șȚȖȔ DzȖȋȌȈ ȗȖ ȔȖȍȔ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȐ ȐȏȌȈȚȍȓȐ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȍ-
ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ țȒȈȏȈȕȕțȦ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȤ ȧ șȟȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȓțȟȠȍ ȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚȤ
Ȑȝ ș ȕȍȦ ȗȖ șȍȒȘȍȚț Ȑ ȖȕȐ șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȚȤ
ȔȈȕțșȒȘȐȗȚ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ǺȈȒ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȖșȤ ȗȘȐȔȍȟȈȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȖȌȕȐ Șȍ-
ȞȍȕȏȍȕȚȣ șȖȟȓȐ ȠțȚȒȖȑ 
 Ȉ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȌȈȚȤ
ȒȕȐȋȍ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚ șȍȕșȈȞȐȖȕȕȖșȚȐ
DzȘȐșȚȖȜȍȘ ǩȓȍȑȘ

10
ȇ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȌȖȓȋȐȑ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ țȚȖȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȋ dzȖȕȌȖȕȍ Ȑ ȊȍȘ-
ȕțȓșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȐȏȔțȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐ Ȑ ȔȖȘȈȓȤȕȖ ǵȖ ȧ țȓȈȌȐȓ Ȋșȍ
șȊȖȐ ȔȐȘșȒȐȍ ȌȍȓȈ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȦ ȗȘȍȌțșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȓȦȉȖȑ ȐșȝȖȌ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ
ȧ ȋȖȚȖȊ țȉȐȚȤ șȊȖȦ Ȏȍȕț ȗȘȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ Ȏȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȊȠȍȑșȧ ȊȖȏȔȖȎ-
ȕȖșȚȐ
ȇ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ȥȚȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȕȈȘȖȟȕȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ Ȑ ȖșȖȏȕȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ
țȎȈșȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȐȚ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȚȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȍ-
ȉȧ ©ȗȖȝȖȓȖȌȍȚȤ», — ȐȉȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȧ ȊȖșȝȐȡȈȦșȤ
șȊȖȍȑ ȎȍȕȖȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ Ȋ Țȍ ȌȕȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȟțȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ
ȚȘȍȝ ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍ ȟțȌȍșȕȖȍ șȊȈȌȍȉȕȖȍ
ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ǵȖ ȒȈȒ ȕȐ țȎȈșȕȖ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȖȕȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ țȔȍ-
ȘȍȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȒȖȘȍȍ ǩȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȐȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ ȘȈșȣ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ
ȍȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǵȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȖ ȒȖȘȖȕȍȘșȒȖȍ ȌȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ,
Ȑ ȧ țȎȍ șȍȑȟȈș ȉȖȦșȤ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȚȤșȧ ȗȘȐ ȊșȒȘȣ-
ȚȐȐ ȍȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ ȇ Ȋșȍ ȌȖșȒȖȕȈȓȤȕȖ ȖȉȌțȔȈȓ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȒȈ-
ȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȖȕȈ țȔȘȍȚ ǷȖȓȈȋȈȦ ȕȍȚ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȠȈȕșȈ ȟȚȖ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ, ȗțșȚȤ Ȑ ȒȖșȊȍȕȕȖ, șȊȧȎțȚ ș ȚȘȈȋȍȌȐȍȑ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȧ șȟȍȓ ȞȍȓȍșȖȖȉ-
ȘȈȏȕȣȔ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔȍȘȣ Ȋ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȐ ȔȖȐȝ Ȍȍȓ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȖȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȔȐ Ȋ ȚȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȍșȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋșȍ
Ȏȍ ȗȖȊȍșȧȚ ȏȈ țȉȐȑșȚȊȖ ȇ ȕȍ șȖȉȐȘȈȦșȤ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȣȊȈȚȤșȧ ȐȓȐ ȖȉȢȧș-
ȕȧȚȤ șȊȖȑ ȗȖșȚțȗȖȒ — ȥȚȖ ȔȖȑ ȌȖȓȋ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȍȍ ȔȈȚȍȘȤȦ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȔȖȐȔ
ȗȘȍȌȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȔ ȕȈ ȒȈȜȍȌȘȍ ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖȋȐȐ Ȋ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȍ Ȑ ȗȈ-
ȔȧȚȤȦ Ȗ ȚȘȍȝ ȔȍșȧȞȈȝ șȈȔȖȋȖ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖȋȖ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȓȐȉȖ
ȊȣȗȈȌȈȓȖ ȕȈ ȌȖȓȦ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǬȖȗțșȚȐȔ ȌȈȎȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȖȉȢȧșȕȦ șȖȌȍȧȕ-
ȕȖȍ — ȕȖ ȒȚȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚ ȔȖȍȔț ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȦ? ǵȍ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȖ ȒȖȕȍȟ-
ȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ șȊȍȚȍ ȐȔȍȦȡȐȝșȧ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊ Ȕȕȍ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȗȖȊȍ-
ȘȧȚ ȕȖ șȔȖȋț ȓȐ ȧ ȗȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȎȐȚȤ șȘȍȌȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ" Ǻȣșȧȟț ȘȈȏ ȕȍȚ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȊȖ ȐȔȧ ȕȈțȒȐ ȧ ȖȉȧȏȈȕ ȐȏȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȗȘȐȊȍȌ-
ȠȐȍ Ȓ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȧ ȖȚȕȣȕȍ ȉțȌț ȗȣȚȈȚȤșȧ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȐȚȤ ȅȚț
ȘțȒȖȗȐșȤ ȧ șȌȈȔ ȕȈ ȝȘȈȕȍȕȐȍ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚșȒȖȔț ȈȘȝȐȊȈȘȐțșț ș ȚȍȔ
ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȍȚ ȗȖșȓȍ ȔȖȍȑ
șȔȍȘȚȐ ǩȓȐȏȒȐȝ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȚ ȎȍȕȐȚȤșȧ ȊȚȖȘȐȟȕȖ ȧ
ȕȍ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕ Ȑ ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȕȣȕȍ ȎȐȊțȡȐȝ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖșȚ-
ȘȈȌȈȍȚ Ǫ ȓȦȉȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȐȏȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȌȍșȤ ȜȈȒȚȣ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ șȔȖ-
ȋțȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȖȉȕȈȘȖȌȖȊȈȕȣ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ Ȑȝ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ Ȍȓȧ
ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖȋȖȊ ȉțȌțȡȍȋȖ — ȍșȓȐ Ȑȝ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȒȖȔț-ȓȐȉȖ
șȖȖȉȡȐȚȤ ȕȍ ȚȘȍȉțȧ șȖȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȚȈȑȕȣ
ǵȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȏȈȊȍȘȠȈȍȚșȧ ȔȖȍ ȊȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ Ǵȕȍ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȕȈȟȈȚȤ șȊȖȐ ȏȈ-
ȗȐșȒȐ ș BB ȋȖȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȖȓțȟȐȊ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ȔȍȌȐȞȐȕȣ
Ȑ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ȕȈțȒ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕ ȈșșȐșȚȍȕȚȖȔ Ȑ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȕȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȜȍș-
șȖȘȈ ǷȖȓȧ ǩȈȘȘȖțȌȍȑȓȈ ȟȓȍȕȈ DzȖȘȖȓȍȊșȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȋȓȈȊȣ ȒȈ-
ȜȍȌȘȣ ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖȋȐȐ Ȋ ǻȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȍ DzȖșȔȖȗȖȓȐșȈ. ȇ ȕȍ ȉțȌț ȒȈșȈȚȤ-

11
șȧ șȍȑȟȈș ȕȈȠȍȑ ȈȒȈȌȍȔȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȍ șȊȍ-
ȌȍȕȐȧ ȒȈșȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȑ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ ȥȚȖ-
ȋȖ șȔȍȓȖȋȖ Ȑ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍȋȖ ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖȋȈ ȕȍȚȘțȌȕȖ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȈȝ
șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈțȟȕȣȝ ȎțȘȕȈȓȖȊ ȇ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȦșȤ ȖȗȐșȈȚȤ ȕȈȠȐ ȓȐȟ-
ȕȣȍ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ǷȖȟȚȐ ș șȈȔȖȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȓȐ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȘțȎȍșȒȐȑ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ Ȋ ȝȖȌȍ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ Ȋ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȍ
ȧ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍȋȖ ȕȈșȚȈȊȕȐȒȈ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȍ-
ȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ țșȍȘȌȕȖȋȖ țȟȍȕȐȒȈ Ȋȕȍ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ șȜȍȘȣ ȕȈ-
ȠȐ ȊȒțșȣ Ȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣ ȌȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖșȚȐ șȖȊȗȈȌȈȓȐ ǩȈȘȘȖțȌȍȑȓ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ
țȏȒȖȓȖȉȣȔ ȐȓȐ ȈșȒȍȚȐȟȕȣȔ ȜȈȕȈȚȐȒȖȔ ȕȈțȒȐ Ȑ ȏȈ șȚȍȕȈȔȐ țȕȐȊȍȘ-
șȐȚȍȚȈ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȞȍȕȐȓ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȧ ȎȐȏȕȐ — ©ȊȐȕȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ Ȑ ȗȍș-
ȕȐª ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘț Ȑ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ ǭȋȖ ȗȘȐșȚȘȈșȚȐȧ ȕȈȠ-
ȓȐ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȎȐȊȖȑ ȖȚȒȓȐȒ Ȑ Ȕȣ șȚȈȓȐ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȔȐ ȌȘțȏȤȧȔȐ
Ȑ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȤȖȕȈȔȐ ȒȈȒȐȔȐ ȘȍȌȒȖ ȉȣȊȈȦȚ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȈșșȐșȚȍȕȚ
ǹțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȈ ȚȍȔȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȗȕ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȒȈșȈȓ-
șȧ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȔȐȕțȚȣ șȈȔȖȑ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȉȓȐȏȖșȚȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȐ
ȍȍ ȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȖșȔȍȓȐȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈȘțȠȐȚȤ ȗȍȟȈȚȤ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȧ ȕȈȓȖȎȍȕ-
ȕțȦ ȐȔ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ Ȑ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ǸȍȟȤ ȐȌȍȚ Ȗ ȔȐșșȐș Dzȓȍȑ-
ȚȖȕ ǿȚȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȥȚȖȑ ȓȍȌȐ ȚȖ șȗȓȍȚȕȐ șȊȖȑșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐ-
ȚȍȚșȒȐȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȒȈȔ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȊȣȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȍȖȘȐȐ ȚȍȔ
ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȚȖ ǩȈȘȘȖțȌȍȑȓ Ȋȍȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȊȖȉȖȌȕțȦ ȝȖȓȖșȚȧȞȒțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ
Ȑ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȒȖșȖ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȐ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ Ȑ Ȑȝ Ȏȍȕȣ ǵȖ ȕȐ-
ȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȈȓșȧ ȚȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȘȐȕțȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȉȖȑ ȗȖ ȚȖȑ ȗȘȖș-
ȚȖȑ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȓȦȉȖȑ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȣȑ șȒȈȕȌȈȓ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȗȖșȗȍȠ-
ȕȖ ȏȈȔȧȚȤ ȗȘȖȧȊȐ ǩȈȘȘȖțȌȍȑȓ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȓȐȉȖ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȐ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ȊȏȧȚȤ
Ȋ Ȏȍȕȣ ȖȌȕț Ȑȏ ȌȖȟȍȘȍȑ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȔȕȖȋȖȍ ȕȍ-
ȋȓȈșȕȖ ȗȘȖȡȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘț-ȝȖȓȖșȚȧȒț ȖȉȓȈȌȈȊȠȍȔț ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȍȔ
ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍȔ
ǴȐșșȐș DzȓȍȑȚȖȕ ȎȐȓȈ Ȋ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȔ ȌȖȔȐȒȍ Ȋ
ȚȘȍȝ ȔȐȓȧȝ ȖȚ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ǹȟȐȚȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ǩȈȘȘȖțȌȍȑȓ ȧȊȓȧȓșȧ ȍȍ ȌȖȊȍ-
ȘȍȕȕȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȑ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȍȍ ȌȍȓȈȔȐ ǻ ȕȍȍ ȉȣȓ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ ȌȍȊȖȟ-
ȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ
ȘȖȌȐȓșȧ ȓȐ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȘȐȍȏȌȈ ȔȐșșȐș DzȓȍȑȚȖȕ Ȋ ȕȈȠȐ ȔȍșȚȈ
ȐȓȐ ȌȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ. ǶȌȕȈ ȈȒȈȌȍȔȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȌȈȔȈ ș ȌȖȟȍȘȤȔȐ ȕȈ
ȊȣȌȈȕȤȍ
 ȏȈȠȓȈ ȚȈȒ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȟȚȖ șțȔȍȓȈ ȊȣȧșȕȐȚȤ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȌȍȊȖȟ-
ȒȐ ȕȖșȐȊȠȍȑ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȖȍ ȐȔȧ «ǻȕȐȒȈ» ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȘȍȋȐșȚȘȐȘȖȊȈ-
ȕȖ Ȋ ȘȍȍșȚȘȍ ȖȒȘțȋȈ DzȘȖȔȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ, ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȕȐȟȍ-
ȋȖ ǩȈȘȘȖțȌȍȑȓ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ Ȗ ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ — ȒȈȒ ȐȕȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȠȍȗȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȍ ȏȈȚȈȐȊ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ Ȑ à quatres yeux* —
ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȟȍȘȤȦ ȕȐȟȚȖ Ȋ ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȏȈȗȐșȧȝ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ
* ɋ ɝɥɚɡɭ ɧɚ ɝɥɚɡ ɮɪ).

12
ȗȖșȓțȎȐȚȤ ȝȖȚȤ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȍȔ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȌȊțșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȌȖȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȜȈȒȚȈ
ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȍ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȗȘȖȋțȓȐȊȈȧșȤ ș ǩȈȘȘȖțȌȍȑȓȖȔ Ȕȣ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȚȐȓȐ ȔȐșșȐș DzȓȍȑȚȖȕ Ȑ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ țȘȖȌȓȐȊȖȍ, ȏȍȔȓȐșȚȖ-șȔțȋȓȖȍ ȔȈ-
ȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ ȘȍȌȒȖșȚȤ ȖȚȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȦ-
ȡȐȔ Ȑ ȕȍȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȔ ǴȐșșȐș DzȓȍȑȚȖȕ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍȘȊȕȖȑ țȊȧȌȠȍȑ
Ȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȖȑ ș ȔȧȋȒȐȔȐ ȔȈȕȍȘȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍ-
ȏȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡȍȑșȧ ȊȕȍȠȕȖșȚȤȦ ǶȕȈ ȕȐȒțȌȈ ȕȍ ȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ
ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ ǵȐ ȔȈȚȤ ȕȐ ȌȖȟȤ ȕȐ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȕȍ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓȐ
ȔȖȐ ȔȣșȓȐ ǪȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȘȐȗȖȔȐȕȈȦ șȚțȌȍȕȚȣ ȗȘȍȏȘȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȏȣȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȗ ©ȎȍȕȡȐȕȍ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ǩȈȘȘȖțȌȍȑȓȈ» ȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ
șȓȣȠȈȓ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ©ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ» Ȋ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚșȒȖȔ șȔȣșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ
șȓȖȊȈ
ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȈȠȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ Ȋ ȓȈȉȖ-
ȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ Ȑ ȕȈ ȜȈȒțȓȤȚȍȚȍ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ȌȘțȎȍșȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍȕȐȧ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍ-
ȓȐșȤ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȍșȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘșȒȖȑ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ-
șȚȐ Ȋ ǹȍȊȍȘȕȖȔ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȍ ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȧ ȘȈșșȚȈȊȈȚȤșȧ ș ǩȈȘȘȖțȌȍȑ-
ȓȖȔ Ȑ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȚȤ șȖȊȔȍșȚȕȣȍ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȐȔȍȊȠȐȍ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠțȦ
ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȊȈȎȕȖșȚȤ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȍȕ Ȕȕȍ ȏȈ ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȕȐ-
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȔȖȋț ș țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȍ țȗțșȒȈȓ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ Ȋȕț-
ȠȐȚȤ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ȗȘȍȌȍȘȎȈȡȐȔ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȐȚ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȗȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȍȔȕȐȒȈ ȕȈ ȒȈȜȍȌȘȍ ȗȖșȓȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȊȣȝȖȌȈ ȕȈ ȗȍȕ-
șȐȦ ȐȓȐ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǭȋȖ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȌȓȐȓȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ș țȎȈșȈȦ-
ȡȍȑ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖșȚȤȦ Ǫ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ǩȈȘȘȖțȌȍȑȓ Ȋȣȋȓȧ-
Ȍȍȓ ȐȏȔȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȍȘȊȕȣȔ Ȑ ȉȣȓ ȉțȒȊȈȓȤȕȖ șȈȔ ȕȍ șȊȖȑ ȇ ȏȕȈȓ
ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȕȈȊȍȡȈȓ ȔȐșșȐș DzȓȍȑȚȖȕ DzȈȒ-ȚȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ
Ȗȕ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖ țșȚȈȓȣȔ Ȑ ȗȘȖȔȖȒȠȐȔ ȌȖ ȕȐȚȒȐ ǵȈ
șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ ȚȍȔȗȍȘȈȚțȘȈ Ȓ ȊȍȟȍȘț ȕȈȟȈȓȈșȤ
șȍȗȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȗȕȍȊȔȖȕȐȧ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȖȗȈșȕȖȋȖ șȊȖȑșȚȊȈ Ȑ șțȚȒȐ șȗțșȚȧ Ȗȕ
ȉȣȓ ȔȍȘȚȊ
DzȈȒ Ȕȕȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ǩȈȘȘȖțȌȍȑȓ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȔȍșȚȍ șȖ
șȊȖȐȔ ȗȖȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȔ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȣȔ șȚȈȘȞȍȔ Ȑȏ dzȖȕȌȖȕȈ șȊȖȐȔ ȌțȠȍ-
ȗȘȐȒȈȏȟȐȒȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȗȍȟȐȚȍȓȍȔ Ƕȕ ȊȣȌȍȓȐȓ ȔȐșșȐș DzȓȍȑȚȖȕ ȍȎȍȋȖȌ-
ȕțȦ ȘȍȕȚț Ȋ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȍ  ȜțȕȚȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖșȓȍ ȍȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȗȍȘȍȝȖ-
ȌȐȓȈ Ȓ ǻȕȐȒȍ ǷȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȔȐȘȍ ȖȌȐȕȖȒ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ
ȖșȚȈȊȠțȦșȧ ȟȈșȚȤ ȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȏȈȊȍȡȈȓ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚț ǬȖȉȘȈȧ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣȓȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȈȘȈȓȐȏȖȊȈȕȈ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ ǩȈȘ-
ȘȖțȌȍȑȓȈ ǶȕȈ ȧȊȓȧȓȈșȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ DzȖșȔȖȗȖȓȐș ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȍȍ ȌȍȓȈ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓȐ șȖȉȍșȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȖșȚȈȊȈȧșȤ Ȋșȍ ȚȍȔ Ȏȍ ȕȍȘȊȕȣȔ
Ȑ ȉȓȍȒȓȣȔ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȍȔ ǷȘȐȏȕȈȦșȤ ȧ ȕȈȌȍȧȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗȉ ȖȚȞȍ ǻȕȐȒȐ ȕȖ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȖȌȐȕ-ȌȊȈ ȏȈȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȝ

13
ȔȕȖȑ ȒȘȦȟȒȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ©ȒȓȍȊȈȓȈª ȧ Ȏȍ ȕȍ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȧ ȖșȖ-
ȉȖȋȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȈ Ȓ ȊȖȗȘȖșț ȕȍ șȚȈȓ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȚȤ ȥȚț ȚȍȔț
ǷȖȌȖȉȈȦȡȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȈȊȚȖȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȧ șȔȍȕȐȓ ǩȈȘ-
ȘȖțȌȍȑȓȈ ȕȈ ȒȈȜȍȌȘȍ ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖȋȐȐ Ȑ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
ȕȐ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤșȧ Ȗ șȊȖȐȝ ȌȊțȝ ©ȗȖȌȖȗȍȟȕȣȝª.
Ǵȣ ȗȍȘȍȕȖșȐȔșȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ǫ ȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓșȧ ȗȖșȓȍȌ-
ȕȐȑ șȍȔȍșȚȘ ǻ ȗȘȍȗȖȌȈȊȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓșȧ ȌȖȓȋȐȑ ȖȚȗțșȒ Ȑ ȧ ȏȈ-
ȘȈȕȍȍ ȗȘȍȌȊȒțȠȈȓ ȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ȊȕȐȏ ȗȖ dzțȈȘȍ Ȑ Ȧȋț
ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ ǬȖȓȎȍȕ țȗȖȔȧȕțȚȤ ȟȚȖ ǩȈȘȘȖțȌȍȑȓ ȖȚȗȐșȈȓ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȏȈȊȍ-
ȡȈȕȐȐ ȗȘȐȧȚȕțȦ Ȑ ȖȚȘȈȌȕțȦ șțȔȔț Ȋ   ȜțȕȚȖȊ Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȈȔȧȚ-
ȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȧ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȉțȔȈȋț ȖȚ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȖȘȈȚȕȐȒȈ ȗȖ ȗȖȗȍ-
ȟȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊț șȊȧȏȈȕȕțȦ ș ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȋ ȐȕȊȍșȚȐȞȐȧȝ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȗȖȌȗȐșȤ ȔȐșșȐș DzȓȍȑȚȖȕ ǵȍ ȘȈșȗȖȓȈȋȈȧ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȟȚȖ-
ȊȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȗȐșȒȐ ȧ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȋ șȊȖȑ ȌȊțȝȔȍșȚȕȣȑ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ Ȑ ȗȖșȗȍ-
ȠȐȓ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȇ ȗȖȏȊȖȕȐȓ Ȑ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚ-
ȕȖȍ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȓȐȉȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ — Ȉ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȑȝ
ȕȍȔȈȓȖ
— ǴȐșșȐș DzȓȍȑȚȖȕ" — ȕȈȟȈȓ ȧ
— ǴȈȔȣ ȕȍȚ ȌȖȔȈ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ — Ǫȣ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ǴȥȋȓȐ"
ǷȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ ȊȝȖȌȐȚȍ
ǶȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȘțȒț ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȧ ȗȖȎȈȓ ǵȍ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȧ ȔȖȍȑ
ȘțȒȐ ȖȕȈ țȊȓȍȒȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐȕțȦ țȦȚȕȖȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ ȗȖȔȍȡȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȖȉșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȍ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȊȒțșȖȔ ȊȒțșȖȔ ǩȈȘȘȖțȌȍȑȓȈ
 Ȑ țșȚ-
ȓȈȕȕȖȍ ȔȍȝȖȊȣȔȐ ȒȖȊȘȈȔȐ ȐșȗțșȒȈȊȠȐȔȐ Țȍȗȓȣȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ
ȈȘȖȔȈȚ ǷȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȘțȒȐ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȚȘȍ-
ȗȍȚ șȐȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȗȖ ȔȖȍȑ ȘțȒȍ Ȓ ȔȖȏȋț Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ
ȖȚȗțșȚȐȓȈ ȔȖȦ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȊșȚȈȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ȉ ȍȍ ȋțȉȣ ȗȘȐȖȚȒȘȣ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȋ țȓȣȉȒȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȦȡȍȑ ȟȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȌȖȊȖȌȐȓȖșȤ
ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȧ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȖȕȍȔȍȓ Ȑ ȏȈșȚȣȓ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ǴȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȉȍȠȍȕȖ
ȒȖȓȖȚȐȓȖșȤ
ǷȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȋȐȉȒȖȍ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȊȣȠȍ șȘȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȘȖșȚȈ șȒȖ-
Șȍȍ ȏȈȌȘȈȗȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ ȟȍȔ ȖȌȍȚȖȍ Ȋ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȚțșȒȓȖ-ȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ
ȠȍȓȒȖȊȖȋȖ ȝȈȓȈȚȈ șȚȧȕțȚȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȚȈȓȐȐ ȏȈȔȠȍȊȣȔ ȗȖȧșȒȖȔ. ǽȈȓȈȚ,
ȏȈȗȈȝȕțȚȣȑ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ȖȌȕȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȣ ȋȘțȌȤ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋȣ-
ȘȣȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȑȏ șȒȓȈȌȖȒ
, șȗțșȒȈȓșȧ ȟțȚȤ ȕȐȎȍ ȒȖȓȍȕ; ȍȍ ȉȖșȣȍ ȕȖȋȐ
ȉȣȓȐ ȖȉțȚȣ Ȋ ȔȍȝȖȊȣȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȕȣȍ ȚțȜȓȐ ȇ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȒȓȧșȚȤșȧ
ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌ ȥȚȖȑ ȌȘȈȗȐȘȖȊȒȖȑ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȈ ǭȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȖ-
ȗȐșțȍȔȖ: ȔȈșșȈ ȒȈȠȚȈȕȖȊȣȝ ȊȖȓȖș șȖȉȘȈȕȕȣȝ Ȋ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȑ țȏȍȓ ȕȈ
ȔȈȒțȠȒȍ ȋțșȚȣȍ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȉȘȖȊȐ ȏȈȚȍȕȧȦȡȐȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȓȍȕȐȊȣȍ
ȋȓȈȏȈ ȒȈȏȈȊȠȐȍșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔȐ; ȓȐȞȖ ȏȖȓȖȚȐșȚȖ-șȔțȋȓȖȍ ș ȕȈ-
ȔȍȒȖȔ ȕȈ ȗțȠȖȒ ȕȈ ȡȍȒȈȝ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȕȈȔȍȒȖȔ Ȋ țȋȖȓȒȈȝ ȊȍȘȝ-
ȕȍȑ ȋțȉȣ ǶȕȈ ȖȗțșȚȐȓȈ ȘțȒȐ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȟțȌȍșȕȖȑ

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țȓȣȉȒȖȑ Ȑ ȒȖȕȟȐȒ ȈȓȖȋȖ ȧȏȣȒȈ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȍȍ ȕȐȎ-
ȕȍȑ ȋțȉȣ ȇ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȐȊȕȣȑ ȔȐȋ ȍȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔȐ
ȕȖ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȒ ț șȖȉȈȒ ȒȓȣȒȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȈȊȠȐȔȐ
ȍȍ țȓȣȉȒȍ ȕȍȊȣȘȈȏȐȔȖȍ Ȑ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȕȖȍ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ
ǵȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ Ȑ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȦ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȉȍșșȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȧ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȠȈȋȕțȓȈ Ȋ ȔȖȐ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧ ȇ ȗȘȐȎȈȓ ȍȍ Țȍ-
ȓȖ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȑ ȕȈȠȐ ȋțȉȣ șȖȍȌȐȕȐȓȐșȤ ǬȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȧ șȟȐȚȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȐȏȊȍ-
ȌȈȓ ȗȖȞȍȓțȐ ǵȖ ȕȍȚ — ȚȖȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖșȚȤ ȗȖȞȍȓțȧ ǻȕȐȒȐ
ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȋ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȚȤ
Ȋ ȋȘȍȏȈȝ ǭȍ ȧȏȣȒ ȐșȒȈȊȠȐȑ ȔȖȑ ȉȣȓ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔ Ȑ ȚȊȍȘ-
ȌȣȔ Ȑ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȐșșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȖȑ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȍȍ ȊȒțșȖȊȣȍ șȖ-
șȖȟȒȐ ȔȕȐȓȐșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȉțȝȠȐȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȠȍȘȖȝȖȊȈȚȣȔȐ — ȕȖ țȚȖȕ-
ȟȍȕȕȈȧ șȐȓȈ ȍȍ ȗȖȞȍȓțȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȌȈȍȚșȧ șȓȖȊȈȔ ǭȍ ȘțȒȐ ȖȉȕȐȔȈȓȐ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȍȍ ȕȖȋȐ șȗȓȍȚȈȓȐșȤ ș ȔȖȐȔȐ Ȑ ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ țȗȈȓ ȉȣ ȍșȓȐ
ȉȣ ȖȕȈ ȔȧȋȒȐȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȍ ȊȣșȊȖȉȖȌȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȕȈȑȌȧ ȔȖȦ
ȘțȒț ȕȍ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ ȕȐȏȒȖȔț ȌȐȊȈȕț ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖȔț ȚȖȕȒȖ ȊȣȌȍ-
ȓȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȠȒțȘȈȔȐ — ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȖȕȈ, ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ șȗȈȓȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ.
ǬȖȉȘȈȊȠȐșȤ ȌȖ ȌȐȊȈȕȈ ȖȕȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȠȒțȘȣ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖ ȐȏȊȈȧȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȕȖȋȈ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȌȖ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȣ ȉȍȌȘȈ ȊȣșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȈ Ȑȏ șȒȓȈ-
ȌȖȒ ȍȍ ȕȈȒȐȌȒȐ ǶȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓȈ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȘțȒȐ ȎȍșȚȖȔ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȍȕȐȧ — Ȑ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȖȚȊȖȘȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȊȖȠȓȈ ȔȐșșȐș
DzȓȍȑȚȖȕ
ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȖȟȍșȚȤ ȕȈ ȔȖȍȔ ȓȐȞȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ
ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȕȖ ȍșȓȐ ȖȕȖ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȓȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȓȐȞȈ ǻȕȐȒȐ
ȔȐșșȐș DzȓȍȑȚȖȕ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȣȚȤ șȓȍȗȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ șȐȚțȈ-
ȞȐȦ ș ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈ ȇ ȕȈȟȈȓ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȗȐȕȈȧșȤ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȚȤ
ȐȏȊȐȕȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȚȤ ȗȘȐȟȐȕț șȊȖȍȋȖ ȊȐȏȐȚȈ ǶȕȈ ȧȊȕȖ ȉȣȓȈ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȈșșȚȘȖȍȕȈ Ȑ ȖȋȖȘȟȍȕȈ ȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓȈ ȓȐȠȤ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȔȐ, ȖȉȘȣ-
ȊȐșȚȣȔȐ ȜȘȈȏȈȔȐ:
— ǷȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȖȎȐȌȈȚȤ — ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖ-
ȌȐȚ șȦȌȈ... ȇ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚȤ... ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȚȈȒ ȕȍ ȗȖșȚț-
ȗȈȦ ǷȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ ȗȘȐȕȍșȐȚȍ ȉțȔȈȋȐ șȦȌȈ — Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ
șȚȖȓȖȊțȦ ȋȌȍ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ ȘțȟȒȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȐȍ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎ-
ȕȖșȚȐ
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǻȕȐȒȈ ȕȍ ȠȍȊȍȓȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȕȍ ȐȏȌȈȊȈȓȈ ȕȐ ȏȊțȒȈ Ȉ
ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȖ șȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕȍ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȧ ȏȈ
ȔȕȖȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ «ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȧ» șȊȖȍȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈș-
ȕȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ Ȑȏ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț — ȐȕȈȟȍ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȥȚȖ ȖȗȐșȈȚȤ.
ǺțȜȍȓȤȒȈ țȗȈȓȈ ș ȕȖȋȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȉȍȏȏȈȉȖȚȕȖ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍ-
ȗȘȐȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȍȍ șȈȘȖȕȋȖȔ Ȑ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȈșȤ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȥȚȈ ȕȖȋȈ ȚȖȟȕȍȍ,
ȗȈȓȤȞȣ — ȖȕȐ ȘȈȏȔȣȒȈȓȐșȤ șȔȣȒȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȏȈȋȐȉȈȓȐșȤ ȊȕțȚȘȤ Ȓ
șȚȖȗȍ ȘȐȚȔȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȊȠȐȔșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ

15
ȒȘȈȑȕȍȋȖ Ȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȘȈșȗțȚșȚȊȈ
ǴȐșșȐș DzȓȍȑȚȖȕ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȍȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȖȌȗȐșȈȓȈ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȕȖ ȕȐȟȍ-
ȋȖ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ Ȗȉ ǻȕȐȒȍ ǴȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ ȋȕȍȚțȡȐȔ, Ȑ ȧ Șȍ-
ȠȐȓșȧ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȚȈȒȚȐȟȕȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȊ
— ǪȈȠȈ ȌȖȟȤ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȧȘȒțȦ ȔȖȓȖȌțȦ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț
— ǬȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ — ȕȍȘȊȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȉȍȌȕȈȧ ȔȈȚȤ — ȖȟȍȕȤ ȇ ȕȐȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦ ȍȍ ȍșȓȐ ȥȚȖ Ȋ ȔȖȐȝ șȐȓȈȝ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȎȌȈȓȈ,
ȊȖȚ Ȑ ȊȣȠȓȈ ȏȈ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȗȖ șȖșȍȌșȚȊț șȓțȎȈȕȒȐ ȕȍȚ Ȑ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț
— ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȓȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȍșșȊȧȏȕȣȝ șȓȖȊ Ȑ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓȈ.
ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȘȈșșȚȘȈȐȊȈȦ ȍȍ Ȑ ȘȈșȗȘȖȡȈȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȕȍȗȘȐ-
ȕțȎȌȍȕȕȍȑ DzȘȖȊȤ ȒȐȗȍȓȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȊȍȕȈȝ Ȑ șȍȘȌȞȍ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȉȐȓȖșȤ
ǪȣȑȌȧ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȚȍȌȎȈ ȧ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ ȕȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȖ ȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȍșȤ ȗȘȖȗȐȚȈȕ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȈȘȖȔȈ-
ȚȖȔ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ǻȕȐȒȐ Ȑ șȈȔȖȑ ǻȕȐȒȐ. ǩȣȓ ȓȐ ȕȈȌțȠȍȕ ȍȍ ȌȐȊȈȕ ȐȓȐ
ȖȕȈ șȈȔȈ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋșȍ ȍȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȐșȚȖȟȈȓȖ ȈȘȖȔȈȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȧ ȔȖȋ ȖȗȐșȈȚȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȒȈȒ ȖȗȤȧȕȧȦȡȐȑ — Ȑ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȌȐȒȈȘșȒȐȑ Ƕȕ
ȖȊȍȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȎȍȕȐȐ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗțȚȐ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȌȖȔȈ ȋȌȍ ȧ
ȖȚȒȘȣȓ Ȋșȍ ȖȒȕȈ ǭȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȕțȎȕȖ ȌȖȉȈȊȓȧȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȊȣȉȘȖ-
șȐȚȤ ȍȍ Ȑȏ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȊȍșȤ ȌȍȕȤ — ȌȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ — Ȑ ȔȍȟȚȈȓ Ȗ ȕȍȑ ȕȈȧ-
ȊțȐȊȖșȕȍ
ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ țȚȘȖ ȧ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ țȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȚȤșȧ ǻȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚ
ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗțșȚȍȓ ȗȘȍȗȖȌȈȊȈȚȍȓȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȓȍȚ-
ȕȐȍ ȒȈȕȐȒțȓȣ Ȑ ȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ șȍȉȍ
— ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑ-ȒȈ șȣȕȖȒ Țȣ ȖȗȍȒțȕ ȥȚȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ǩȈȘȘȖțȌȍȑȓ
ȌȖȊȍȘȐȓ ȍȍ Țȍȉȍ ǿȍȘȚȖȊșȒȐ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ Țȣ țȍȏȎȈȍȠȤ ȕȈ
ȚȘȐ ȔȍșȧȞȈ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȍȘȕȍȠȤșȧ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ ȗȖȌȈȓȤ-
ȠȍǺȈȒ ȧ țȊȍȡȍȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȎȍȓȈȦ ǻȕȐȒț ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ
ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ
Dz ȗȖȓțȌȕȦ Ȋ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȍ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȇ
ȗȖȒȖȕȟȐȓ șȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ șȉȖȘȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȓșȧ țȋȓțȉȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȔțȌȘȍȕȣȑ
ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȑ ȚȘȈȒȚȈȚ ȗȖ ȞȐȚȖȓȖȋȐȐ — ȕȖ ȕȍ șȔȖȋ Ǫșȍ ȔȖȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ
ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȍ — ȕȍȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȖȉȖșȚȘȍȕȣ, ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȋȐȗȍȘȚȘȖ-
ȜȐȘȖȊȈȕȣ ȇ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȠȈȋȐ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȍ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȗȖ
ȔȖȍȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ — șȚțȒ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ — ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȊ ȧ ȏȕȈȓ ȒȚȖ ȗȘȐ-
Ƞȍȓ Ǫ ȖȌȕȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ Ȕȣ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧȝ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ǬȖȓ-
ȋȖȍ ȒȖȓȌȖȊșȚȊȖ ȗȖȞȍȓțȧ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȍȕȐȍ ȍȍ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȖȋȖ ȧȏȣȒȈ — Ȋșȍ
ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȖȍȑ șȉȣȊȠȍȑșȧ ȔȍȟȚȖȑ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈȝ ȉȣȓ ȌȐȊȈȕ
ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȔȈȕȧȡȐȑ ȌȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȑ șȖțȟȈșȚȕȐȒ ȟȍȔ ȚȖȚ ȟȚȖ șȚȖȧȓ
ț ȕȍȍ Ȋ ȒȖȚȚȍȌȎȍ Ǵȣ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȉȍȏ ȍȌȐȕȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȝȖ-
Țȧ ǻȕȐȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ ȊȖȏȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȖȚ ȈȒȚȐȊȕȣȝ ȓȈșȒ ȖȚȌȈȓȐșȤ

16
ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȖȚȌȈȓȐșȤ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȉȍȏȌțȔȕȖ Ȋ ȊȐȝȘȍȊȖȑ ȖȘȋȐȐ Ȑȏȣ-
șȒȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȏȈȐȔȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȥȒșȚȈȏȈ
ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ șȔȖȋȓȐ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ — ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ș ȖȉȍȐȝ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȕ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȍȕȖ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ — ȧ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȍ ȒȈȒ ȍȑ țȌȈȓȖșȤ
țȓȐȏȕțȚȤ
— ǴȈȔȈ ȗȘȖȊȍȓȈ ȉȍșșȖȕȕțȦ ȕȖȟȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ — Ȉ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ
ȌȕȍȔ ȖȕȈ ȏȈȗȍȘȓȈ ȊȝȖȌȕțȦ Ȑ ȏȈȌȕȦȦ ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȑ ȓȍȋȓȈ șȗȈȚȤ ȇ Ȋȣ-
ȉȘȈȓȈșȤ Ȑȏ ȖȒȕȈ ȇ ȚȈȒ țȎȈșȕȖ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ Țȍȉȧ
ǿȈș ȗȘȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȋȖȘȧȟȒȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ
ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈȔȍȒȕțȚȤ — ȕȍ Ȑȏ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȑ șȒȘȣȚȕȖșȚȐ ȐȉȖ ȧ
ȗȖȓȖȕ ȘȍȠȐȔȖșȚȐ ȐȏȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋșȍ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ ȈȉșȖȓȦȚȕȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ Ȑ
Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȊȐȌȍ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȐ ȉȍȏ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȓȐȉȖ ȗȍȘȐȜȘȈȏȖȊ
— ȕȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȟțȌȖ ȧȊȓȍȕȕȖȍ ǻȕȐȒȖȑ ȗȖȗȘȖșȚț ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȐȚ
șȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȌȈȍȚșȧ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȦ ȇ ȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȖȏȕȈȓ șȚȘȈșȚȤ
— ȋȓțȗȍȞ ȇ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȒȈșȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȍȍ ȖȉȖȘȒȈȔ.
ǭșȓȐ ǻȕȐȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȚțșȒȓȖ-ȒȘȈșȕȖȔ șȈȘȖȕȋȍ
ȚȖ ȒȈȒȖȊȈ Ȏȍ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȖȑ ǵȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ ȐȓȐ șȒț-
ȓȤȗȚȖȘ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȈȓ Ȑ ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȍ ȊȖșȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓ șȚȖȓȤ
șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ. ǭȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȋȘțȌȐ ȊȏȌȣȔȈȓȐșȤ ȐȌȍȈȓȤȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȝȖȓȔȈȔȐ șȖșȒȐ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓȐ Ȑȏ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȐșȚȖȋȖ ȖȘȍȖȓȈ ȒȘȖȠȍȟ-
ȕȣȝ ȒȈȠȚȈȕȖȊȣȝ ȏȈȊȐȚȒȖȊ ȕȍȎȕȣȝ Ȑ ȏȈȊȖȘȈȎȐȊȈȦȡȐȝ ǪȖȓȖșȣ
ȗȖȌ ȔȣȠȒȈȔȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȜȍȕȖȔȍȕȈȓȤȕȖ ȋțșȚȣȔȐ Ȑ ȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȉȕȈȘț-
ȎȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȓȈșȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖȞȍȓțȐ Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȊȗȈȌȐȕȣ șȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȍȍ ș țȔȈ ȖȚ ȊȖș-
ȚȖȘȋȈ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ ȏȈȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ țȊȐȌȐȔ ȗȖȏȌ-
ȕȍȍ ȉȣȚȤ ȏȈ ȚȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȣȔ Ǫșȍ ȍȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖ ȓȍȋȒȐȔ
ȔȧȋȒȐȔ ȗțȠȒȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȘȍȌȒȖ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ț ȉȓȖȕȌȐȕȖȒ ȕȖ ț ǻȕȐȒȐ Ȗȕ
ȉȣȓ ȚȍȔȕȍȍ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȉȣȓ ȘȈșȞȊȍȟȍȕ ȚțȚ Ȑ ȚȈȔ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȗȖ-
ȓȖșȈȔȐ Ȉ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȒȘțȋȈȔȐ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȚȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȚȖȕȈ ǵȐȎȍ ȗțȗȒȈ
ȗțȠȖȒ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕțȦ ȔȈșșț ȓȖȉȒȖȊȣȝ ȊȖȓȖș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ȗȘȖșȚȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȖȚ ȉȍȌȘȈ ȌȖ ȉȍȌȘȈ Ȑ ȉțȌțȟȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȋțșȚȣȔȐ ȖȚȓȐ-
ȟȈȓȐșȤ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȔȧȋȒȖșȚȤȦ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȊșȦ ȕȐȎȕȦȦ ȟȈșȚȤ
ȎȐȊȖȚȈ Ȑ ȔȍȎȕȖȎȤȍ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȔ «fourrure» * — ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȟțȌȍșȕȖ
Ȑ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȦ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȐȓȈȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȖȗȐșȈȚȤ
ȓȦȉȖȍ Ȑȏ ȥȒȏȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊ ǻȕȐȒȐ, — ȖȗȤȧȕȧȦȡȍ ǭȍ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȗȓȍȟȤȧ Ȑ ȕȖȋȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȖșȝȐȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗțȠȐșȚȣȔȐ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȌȖȓȤ
șȗȐȕȣ ȚȧȕțȓȈșȤ țȏȒȈȧ ȔȍȝȖȊȈȧ ȗȖȓȖșȒȈ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȈȊȠȈȧ Ȓ șȈȔȣȔ
ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȓȈșȒȈȔ ǺȖȚ ȒȚȖ ȌȈȓ ȍȑ ȐȔȧ ǻȕȐȒȐ ȏȕȈȓ Ȗ ȟȍȔ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ — ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍșȒȐ
Ǵȣ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ Ȋ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧȝ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ ȌȍȓȧșȤ șȚȘȈșȚȕȣ-
* Ɇɟɯɨɦ ɮɪ.).

17
ȔȐ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȔȐ ȧ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȖȔ ȒțȗȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȝȈȓȈȚȍ ȖȕȈ Ȏȍ ȉȣȓȈ
ȖȌȍȚȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȟțȌȍșȕțȦ ȒȖȎț Ȑ ȊȖȓȖșȣ Ȑ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȐȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȕȣ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓȐ ȏȈȗȍȘȍȚȤ ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈ-
ȔȐ ȖȒȈȔȍȕȍȊȠȈȧ Ȑ ȖȠȍȓȖȔȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȓȈ ȔȐșșȐș DzȓȍȑȚȖȕ.
ȇ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ ȘȈȏȘȈȏȐȓșȧ ȘȍȟȤȦ
— ǵȍ șțȌȐȚȍ Ȗ ȕȈș ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȕȖ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȧ — Ȕȣ ȓȦȉȐȔ
ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȍȟȚȈȓ ȓȦȉȐȚȤ Ǵȣ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȎȍȕȐȔșȧ — ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȧ ȗȖȓțȟț ȉțȔȈȋȐ, Ȑ ȕȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ
ǻȕȐȒȈ șȚȈȕȍȚ ȔȖȍȑ ȎȍȕȖȑ ǷȘȖșȚȐȚȍ ȕȈȔ șȚȘȈșȚȤ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȐȚȤșȧ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȑ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ — Ȋȣ ȗȖȑȔȍȚȍ ȧ țȊȍȘȍȕ — Ȋȣ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ Ȋȣ
ȚȖȎȍ ȓȦȉȐȓȐ Ȑ Ȋȣ ȍȍ ȔȈȚȤ ǶȚȕȣȕȍ ț ȊȈș ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȖȟȤ ȕȖ
Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȣȑ șȣȕ
ȇ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ǴȐșșȐș DzȓȍȑȚȖȕ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȓȈ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ. ǶȕȈ
țȗȈȓȈ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȖ Ȑ ș ȉȓȍȌȕȖ-șȍȘȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȐȓȈ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ș Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȕȈ ǻȕȐȒț Ȉ ȚȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȧ șȊȖȍȑ ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȕȖȑ ȕȈ-
ȋȖȚȣ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕȍ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȈș Ȋșȍ ș ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȟțȌȍșȕȖȑ
țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȘȈȎȈȓȈ Ȑ ȔȈȕȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȍȍ Ȉȓȣȑ ȧȏȣȒ șȒȖȓȤ-
ȏȐȓ ȊȏȈȌ Ȑ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȖ ȕȐȎȕȍȑ ȋțȉȍ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȔȐșșȐș DzȓȍȑȚȖȕ ș ȊȐ-
ȌȐȔȣȔ țșȐȓȐȍȔ ȊșȚȈȓȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȓȈ:
— ǵȍȚ — ȕȍȚ — ȕȍȚ ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȗȘȖȐ-
ȏȖȑȚȐ. Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ. Ƕ ȧ ȐșȗȖȘȟȍȕȕȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ Ǩ ȖȕȈ Ǫ ȚȈ-
ȒȐȍ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȣ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ ȏȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ Ȑ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȖȕȈ
ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȍȌȈȍȚ ȇ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȦ ȍȍ Ȑȏ ȊȐȌț ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ
ȗȖȒȈ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȐȕțȍȚ ǷȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ Ȕȕȍ țȊȍșȚȐ ȍȍ
— ǵȖ ȔȖȧ ȌȖȘȖȋȈȧ ȓȍȌȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ȗȖȌțȔȈȑȚȍ ȔȐȕțȚȒț Ǻȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ Ȕȣ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȣ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȐȚȤ ȉȘȈȒ Ǵȣ ȖȉȈ — ȧ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ,
șȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ — ȔȖȓȖȌȣ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ ȧ
ȉȖȋȈȚ ȇ ȉțȌț Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ ȓțȟȠȐȔ Ȑȏ ȔțȎȍȑ Ȉ Ȍȓȧ ȊȈș — ȓțȟȠȐȔ Ȑȏ
șȣȕȖȊȍȑ ȇ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȠ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȌȘțȋ ǩȈȘȘȖțȌȍȑȓ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȓ ȉȣ
ȥȚȖȋȖ ȇ ȉȣȓ ȍȋȖ ȓȦȉȐȔȞȍȔ ȍȋȖ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȔ ȌȘțȋȖȔ
ǻșȓȣȠȈȊ ȐȔȧ ǩȈȘȘȖțȌȍȑȓȈ, ȉȍȌȕȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ șȓȖȊ-
ȕȖ țȎȈȓȍȕȕȈȧ.
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍȚ ȕȍȚ — șȕȖȊȈ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ — Ȗȕ ȕȍ șȚȈȓ ȉȣ Ȗȕ
șȒȖȘȍȍ țȉȐȓ ȉȣ șȍȉȧ Ȑ ȍȍ Ǫșȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ țșȗȍ-
ȓȈ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȘȈȌȐ ǩȖȋȈ Ȑ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȏȈȉȘȈȚȤ ȍȍ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏ ȗțșȚȤ Ȕȣ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȟȐȚȈȍȔșȧ ȗȖȔȖȓȊȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ, — ȕȍȓȖȊȒȖ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȧ
— ǵȍȚ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ǶȕȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȏȈȔțȎ ǶȕȈ
ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ƕ ȕȍ ȔțȟȈȑȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǹ ȕȍȑ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ șȗȖȘȐȚȤ ǶȕȈ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȕȈ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠțȦ
ǻȕȐȒȈ ȊșȚȈȓȈ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȑ șȊȖȍȑ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȖȑ șȚȈȚȕȖȑ ȕȈȋȖȚȍ Ȑ ȗȖȏȊȖ-
ȓȐȓȈ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȖȌȍȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȗȖȒȈ ȧ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȇ Ȋȣ-

18
ȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȎȈȓȒȖ DzȖȋȌȈ ǻȕȐȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȌȍȚȈ ȔȐșșȐș DzȓȍȑȚȖȕ țȊȍȓȈ ȍȍ
ǶȕȈ țȠȓȈ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȊ Ȋ ȔȖȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț
ȇ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȓȍȕ
ȇ ȕȍ Ȋ șȐȓȈȝ ȖȗȐșȈȚȤ ȜȈȕȚȈșȔȈȋȖȘȐȦ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ ȖȌȖȓȍȊȈȊȠȐȝ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȖșȚȈȊȠȍȑșȧ ȟȈșȚȐ Ȍȕȧ Ȑ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ǶȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȧșȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ
ȔȖȋ țȍȝȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ǨȕȋȓȐȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȧșȕȐȊ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȊ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ
ȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȡțȦ Ȑ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕțȦ ȖșȕȖȊț ȇ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȘȈȏ-
ȌțȔȣȊȈȚȤ ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ȉȍȏțȔȕȈȧ ȐȌȍȧ ȊȏȉȘȍȓȈ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȥȚȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȍ"
ȇ ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ Ȑ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ ȕȈȗȘȧȋȈȓ ȘȈȏțȔ Ȋ ȗȖȐșȒȈȝ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȧ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȓȕȈ șȚȘȈșȚȐ ȍȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȍȌȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȖ ȗȖȗȈșȚȤ Ȋ
ȘțȒȐ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖȋȖ șȓȈșȚȖȓȦȉȞȈ — Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȍȍ șȚȘȈșȚȤ
ȉȣȓȈ ȟȈșȚȐȟȕȖ ȐȓȐ Ȋ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȗȈȚȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȟȚȖ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȓțȟȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȔțȎț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȏȈȉȖȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȗ
ȕȍȑ" ȇ ȊȒȖȕȍȞ țȚȖȔȐȓ șȍȉȧ ȥȚȐȔȐ ȘȈȏȌțȔȤȧȔȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȟȤ Șțȝȕțȓ
Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ
Ǫ ȚȘȐ ȟȈșȈ ȕȖȟȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȓ șȚțȒ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȇ ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȖ ȊșȒȖ-
ȟȐȓ — ȥȚȖ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȉȣȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ǻȕȐȒȈ ǺȈȒ ȖȕȖ Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ ǪȗȖșȓȍȌșȚ-
ȊȐȐ ȧ țȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ șțȔȍȓȈ ȔȐȕȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȊȘȈȚȕȐȒȈ ȏȈȧȊȐȊ ȟȚȖ
ȔȈȚȤ ȗȖșȓȈȓȈ ȍȍ ș șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȍȔ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ șȘȖȟȕȖșȚȐ — ȕȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȍȓȈ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ țȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȈȘȋțȔȍȕȚȣ.
— ȇ șȕȖȊȈ șȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȔȖȑ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȑ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ Ȗȉȕȧȓ ȍȍ — ǷȖ-ȔȖȍȔț ȔȈȔȈ șȖȠȓȈ ș țȔȈ ǹȗȘȧȟȤ Ȕȍȕȧ —
Ȑ ȏȈȉȍȘȐ ș șȖȉȖȑ ǮȍȕȐșȤ ȕȈ Ȕȕȍ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ Ȕȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȧ ȓȦȉȓȦ
Țȍȉȧ Ȑ ȝȖȟț ȚȈȒ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȚȖȊȈ țȉȐȚȤ ȓȦȉȖȋȖ ȒȚȖ ȊșȚȈȕȍȚ ȔȍȎ-
Ȍț ȕȈȔȐ
ǿȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ" ȇ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȍȍ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ
ȎȍȓȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ǶȕȈ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȍȍ ȓȦȉȐȓȐ — ȓȦȉȐȓȐ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȚȖȚ-
ȟȈș — ȕȖ ȧ ș ȗȘȐșțȡȐȔ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȌȍȦșȤ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȏȌȘȈȊȣȔ șȔȣ-
șȓȖȔ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓ ȒȖȜȍ ȚȖșȚȣ Ȑ ȖȔȓȍȚ Ȑ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȍ ȗȖȍșȚȤ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ.
ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȕȣ ȗȘȖȒȘȈȓȐșȤ ȊȕȐȏ, ȗȘȖȠȓȐ ȔȐȔȖ ȡȍȌȘȖ ȗȖȌȒțȗ-
ȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȊȘȈȚȕȐȒȈ (ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ ȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ șȍȔȍșȚȘ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓșȧ Ȑ Ȗȕ
ȊȕȖȊȤ șȚȈȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ Ȉ ȧ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȖȔ
 ȌȖȉȘȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȌȖ ȋȈȘȈȎȈ ȕȍșȧ ȔȖȐ țȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȍȡȍ ș țȚȘȈ șțȔȒȐ ȊȣȊȍȓȐ
ȔȈȠȐȕț Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȗȘȧȔȐȒȖȔ Ȋ dzȖȕȌȖȕ ȋȌȍ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ
ȚȐȝȖȔ ȖȚȍȓȍ Ȋ ȏȈȗȈȌȕȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȞȍȕȚȘȈ ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȧ ș țȚ-
ȘȈ ȕȈȊȍșȚȐȓ ȗȖȊȍȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǩȈȘȘȖțȌȍȑȓȈ Ȉ ǻȕȐȒȈ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȗȖ-
ȝȖȌ ȗȖ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȈȔ ǶȕȈ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓȈ ȌȖȔ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȌȈȕȖȋȖ ȇ Ȋ ȖȉȡȐȝ ȟȍȘȚȈȝ ȐȏȓȖȎȐȓ șȓțȟȐȊȠȍȍșȧ ȗȖȊȍȘȍȕȕȖȔț (ȚȖȚ
ȉȣȓ țȎȈșȕȖ șȒȈȕȌȈȓȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȕ!), ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍ-
ȕȐȍ Ȋ ȒȖȓȓȍȋȐȐ ȦȘȐșȚȖȊ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȘȈȚȟȈȑȠȐȑ șȘȖȒ Ȕȣ ȗȖȎȍȕȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ

19
ȘȍȋȐșȚȘȈȚțȘȍ Ȑ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ — ȌȈ Ȕȣ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ — Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎ ǰȏ
ǷȈȘȐȎȈ Ȕȣ ȖȉȈ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȓȐ ȔȐșșȐș DzȓȍȑȚȖȕ Ȗ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȖȔ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖ-
ȗȘȈȊȐȔȖȔ șȖȉȣȚȐȐ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȌȈȓȐ ȍȑ ȈȌȘȍșȈ Ȉ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ
ȉțȌȍȔ Ȋ ȖȚȢȍȏȌȍ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȚȘȐ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȗȖșȓȍ ȟȍȋȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȠȓȍȔ ȍȑ ȕȈȠ ȈȌȘȍș Ȋ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȍ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȖȚȊȍȚ Ȑ ȗȘȖȡȍȕȐȍ ǭȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȧ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ȔȍșȚȖȕȈȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ
ȉȣȓ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȊȠȐȑ țȎȈșȈȚȤșȧ ȈȌȊȖȒȈȚ
***
Ǫ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȝ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȝ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȎȐȊȖȍ țȌȖȊȖȓȤ-
șȚȊȐȍ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȧ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȧȧ ȉțȔȈȋȍ Ȋșȍ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȊȖșȝȐȡȍȕȐȍ
ȗȍȘȍȎȐȚȣȍ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȔȍȌȖȊȖȋȖ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȓȐȉȖ ȊȣȗȈȌȈȓ ȕȈ ȌȖȓȦ șȔȍȘȚȕȖȋȖ ǻȕȐȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ Ȓ ȔȖȍ-
Ȕț țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȦ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȊȈȓȈ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ DzȖșȔȖȗȖȓȐșȈ, ȐșȗȣȚȣ-
ȊȈȓȈ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋ ȖȚ ȊșȍȋȖ țȊȐȌȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋ ȕȍ ȌȍȚșȒȐȑ Ȉ ȉȓȈȋȖȋȖȊȍȑ-
ȕȣȑ DzȘȈșȖȚȣ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ ȈȘȝȐȚȍȒȚțȘȣ ȌȘȍȊȕȖșȚȐ ȕȈȗȖȓ-
ȕȧȓȐ ȍȍ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȔ șȟȈșȚȤȍȔ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ șȓȐȊȈȊȠȐȔșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȑ
ș ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȔ ȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ǶȕȈ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȓȈ ȖșȚ-
ȘȣȔ țȔȖȔ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȊșȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ Ȑ șȚȖȐȓȖ ȍȑ ȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ-
șȧ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȓȐȉȖ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȔ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȐȐ ȒȈȒ ȍȍ ȖȝȊȈ-
ȚȣȊȈȓ ȚȘȍȗȍȚ șȚȘȈșȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ǷȘȐȌȖ-
ȘȖȎȕȣȍ ȗȍȑȏȈȎȐ ǪȈȕȌȍȐ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȉȖȒȈȎȐ ȘțȐȕȣ ȐșȟȍȏȕțȊȠȍȑ
ȞȐȊȐȓȐȏȈȞȐȐ șȖȚȕȐ țȋȖȓȒȖȊ ȏȈȗȈȌȈ Ȑ ȦȋȈ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ ȋȌȍ Ȕȣ ȖșȚȈ-
ȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȓȐ ȔȈȠȐȕț Ȑ ȉȍȏȌțȔȕȖ ȉȘȖȌȐȓȐ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ
ȌȍȒȖȘȈȞȐȧȔȐ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȔȐ șȈȔȣȔȐ țȚȖȕȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ
ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȧȔȐ ǷȘȐȘȖȌȕȖȍ ȘȈșșȚȘȖȑșȚȊȖ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔȈ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎ-
ȌȈȊȠȍȍ ȕȈȠȍ ȉȍȋșȚȊȖ Ȑȏ DzȖșȔȖȗȖȓȐșȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȘȈș-
ȒȘȣȓȖ Țȍȓȍșȕȣȍ Ȑ ȌțȠȍȊȕȣȍ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȈ ǻȕȐȒȐ ȕȖ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖ-
ȧȊȓȧȓȈ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ ȘȍȈȋȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȥȔȖȞȐȖȕȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȍ șȚȐȔțȓȣ Ȑ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȉȈȐȊȈȓșȧ, ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȐșȚȖȡȐȚ ȍȍ. ǵȖ
Ȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȓȕȣ ȘȍȠȐȔȖșȚȐ «ȕȍ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȋȖȘȣ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȌȖ-
șȚȐȋȕȍȔ Ȑȝ» Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȌȖȓȋȐȍ ȌȕȐ Ȑ ȟțȌȍșȕȣȍ ȕȖȟȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ Ȑ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȉȣ ȕȍ șȔȖȋȓȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȗȖȥȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ Ȑ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ
ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ țȚȘȖȔ, Ȋ ǨȊȐȕȤȖȕȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǻȕȐȒȈ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ Ȋ ȔȖȐȝ ȖȉȢȧ-
ȚȐȧȝ șȓȍȌȧ ȏȈ ȊȖșȝȖȌȖȔ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȖȒȕȖ ȖȕȈ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
ȗȘȐȎȈȊȠȐșȤ ȋțȉȈȔȐ Ȓ ȔȖȐȔ
— ǸȍȒș ț ȕȈș ȉțȌȍȚ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ

21
ȅȚȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȌȖȊȍȘȠȐȚȤ ȕȈȠȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȗțșȚȤ
ș ȚȖȋȖ ȔȐȋȈ ȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȍ, ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋ Ȓ ȌȘțȋț Ȑ șȚȈȓȖ ȉȖ-
ȓȍȍ ȘȈșșțȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ Ȑ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ Ȕȍȕȍȍ șȚȘȈșȚȕȣȔ ȇ
ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȔȖȋ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ ȍȍ Ȋ ȥȒșȚȈȏ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ȓȈșȒȈȧ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȧ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȋȓȈȎȐȊȈȧ ȟțȌȍșȕțȦ ȔȈșșț ȊȖȓȖș ț ȕȍȍ ȗȖȌ ȔȣȠȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȍ
ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ țȚȖȓȧȓȖșȤ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȔȖȋ ȚȍȔ Ȏȍ șȗȖșȖȉȖȔ țșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤ ȍȍ Ȑ
ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȏȈșȕțȚȤ Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȍȍ șȚȘȈșȚȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȒ Ȓ ȔțȎȟȐ-
ȕȍ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ țșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȔȍșȚȖ ȧȘȖșȚȕȖȔț ȔȈȚȍȘȐȕșȚȊț ǭȌȊȈ
ȖȡțȚȐȊ șȊȖȦ ȉȍȘȍȔȍȕȕȖșȚȤ — Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ț ȕȍȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ șȖȔ-
ȕȍȕȐȑ — ǻȕȐȒȈ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓȈ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ Ȑ Ȕȣ ș ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȍȔ ȎȌȈȓȐ ȍȍ
ȖȚȊȍȚȈ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȖȊȖșȚȤ șȚȈȕȍȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔ ȠȈȋȖȔ ȕȈ ȗțȚȐ Ȓ
ȔȈȚȍȘȐȕșȒȖȔț ȗȘȖȡȍȕȐȦ Ȑ ȗȘȐȔȐȘȐȚ ȔȐșșȐș DzȓȍȑȚȖȕ ș ȉȘȈȒȖȔ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȖȕȈ ȚȈȒ țȗȖȘȕȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȐȓȈșȤ ǷȘȖȠȓȈ ȕȍȌȍȓȧ Ȑ ȧ ȗȖȓț-
ȟȐȓ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț ȖȚ ȓȖȕȌȖȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǶȕȈ ȋȓȈșȐȓȈ
Ǵǰǹǹǰǹ DzdzǭDZǺǶǵ ǹDzǶǸǶǷǶǹǺǰǮǵǶ ǹDzǶǵǿǨdzǨǹȄ ǷǸǰ
ǷǭǿǨdzȄǵȃǽ ǶǩǹǺǶȇǺǭdzȄǹǺǪǨǽ ǷǸǶȀǻ ǪǨǹ ǵǭǴǭǬdzǭǵǵǶ
ǪǶǯǪǸǨǺǰǺȄǹȇ
ȇ ȉȣȓ Ȋ țȎȈșȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȒȈȒ șȖȖȉȡȐȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȍ ǻȕȐȒȍ Ǵȣ
șȐȌȍȓȐ Ȋ ©ǰȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘșȒȖȔ ȌȊȖȘȞȍª ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ Țț ȗȖȘț șȖȊșȍȔ ȗț-
șȚȖ ȗȖȌțȔȈȊ ȟȚȖ ȓțȟȠȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȕȍ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȧ ȕȈȟȈȓ
— ǬȖȘȖȋȈȧ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȓȖȝȐȍ ȕȖȊȖșȚȐ..
— Ǵȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ" ǵȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȉțȌț șȐȓȤȕȖ ȊȖȏȘȈȎȈȚȤ ț Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ — ȖȕȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȚȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȘȖȌȐȓ-
șȧ
— ǵȍȚ ȌȖȘȖȋȈȧ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȧ — ȌȍȓȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȚȊȖȧ ȔȈȚȤ
ǻȕȐȒȈ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ Ȑ șȗȘȖ-
șȐȓȈ:
— ǶȕȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȈ"
ȇ ȗȖȕȍȊȖȓȍ ȉȣȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȠȖȒȐȘȖȊȈȕ ǺȈȒȐȔ ȚȖȕȖȔ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ șȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȓȐ ȖȉȍȌ ȇ șȕȖȊȈ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ:
— Ǻȣ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ Ȓ șȍȘȌȞț ǻ
Țȍȉȧ ȍșȚȤ ȧ...
— ǰ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȍșȚȤ ȔȖȑ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ. ǿȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ" DzȖȋȌȈ
Ȕȣ ȗȖȍȌȍȔ ȌȖȔȖȑ"
ȇ ȗȖȍȎȐȓșȧ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ țȟȐȚȣȊȈȧ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȍȑ ȓțȟȠȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȊȖșȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȍ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȟȍȔ șȚȘȈȌȈȚȤ ȖȚ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȖȊ ȋȖ-
Șȧ ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔțȚȐȔȈ. DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ ȍȑ ȟȚȖ
ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȕȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖȓțȟȈȚȤ  ȜțȕȚȖȊ Ȋ ȋȖȌ ȖȕȈ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
— Ǵȕȍ ȊȍȌȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȚȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ" Ǻȣ
ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȉȖȋȈȚ ȇ șȖȝȘȈȕȦ Ȋșȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȍȓȧ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ

22
ǶȕȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ «ȕȈȠ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ».
— DzȈȒ Țȣ ȌțȔȈȍȠȤ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ǩȈȘȘȖțȌȍȑȓ ȉȣȓ ȔȖȐȔ ȖȚȞȖȔ"
ǺȖ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȧȔȖȑ Ȑ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȑ țȌȈȘ Ȑ ȧ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȕȍțȒȓȦ-
Ȏȍ ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ:
— ǵț ȧ Ȑ șȈȔ ȟȈșȚȖ ȏȈȌȈȊȈȓșȧ ȥȚȐȔ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȔ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ
ȕȐȟȍȋȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ǺȊȖȧ ȔȈȚȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐ-
ȓȈ Țȍȉȍ Ȗ ȚȊȖȍȔ ȖȚȞȍ"
Ǵȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȒȈșȈȓȐșȤ
ȥȚȖȑ ȚȍȔȣ
— ǵȍȚ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ȇ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȈ ȍȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ Ȑ
ȚȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȘȈșșȚȘȖȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎ-
ȕȈ ȏȈȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȚȤ ș ȕȍȑ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ȖȚȞȍ ǭȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȖ ȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȗ
ȕȍȔ.
ǷȖȔȖȓȟȈȊ ȖȕȈ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓȈ
— Ǵȕȍ ȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȐȔ ȖȚȞȖȔ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ǩȈȘȘȖț-
Ȍȍȑȓ ȇ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓȈ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȌȖȟȍȘȕȐȝ ȟțȊșȚȊ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȦ
ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖșȒȖȓȤȒț Ƕȕ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȑ
ȟȍȔ ȗȖ-ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȔț ȓȦȉȐȓ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ȧ șȗȘȈȊȓȧȦșȤ ș țȘȖ-
ȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊșȍȔ ȗȘȖȟȐȔ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȘȈșȚț... ǷȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈȔ Ȕȕȍ ȟțȌȐȓȖșȤ
ȟȚȖ ȧ ȍȔț ȕȍ ȕȘȈȊȓȦșȤ ©ȖȚȊȘȈȡȈȦª ȍȋȖ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȍȍ șȓȖȊȍȟȍȒ
 ȕȖ
Ȋ ȓȦȉȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȉȣȓ țȎȈșȕȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ
ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȐ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȗȖȏȈȉȖȚȐȓșȧ Ȗ ȕȈș
— ǬȈ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ — ȚȊȍȘȌȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȧ — Ȑ ȕȐ-
ȒȚȖ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȓ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȖȉȘȈ Ȗȕ șȌȍȓȈȓ ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ
— ȚȈȒȐȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ Ȗ ȒȈȒȐȝ Țȣ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ șȓȣȝȈȓȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȗȖȗȈȊ-
ȠȐȝ Ȋ ȉȍȌț Ȑ ȖȒȈȏȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȉȍȏ șȘȍȌșȚȊ
— Ǻȣ ȐȔȍȍȠȤ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȗȘȖșȚȐȚțȚȖȒ"
ȇ țȎȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ țȌȐȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȣȔ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȕȐȧȔ ȔȖȍȑ Ȏȍȕȣ
ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȊȣȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈ ȌȖșȒȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȍ Ȑ ȕȍȊȍșȚȤ ȖȚ-
ȒțȌȈ ȊȏȧȊȠȍȍșȧ ȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȔȐȘȈ
— ǵț — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ȗȘȐȔȍȘȕȖ ȚȈȒ
— ǵȍțȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒ ȌȖȉȘ Ȓ ȕȐȔ Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ
țȎȈșȕȣȔ ȟȚȖ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ șȊȣșȖȒȈ ȖȚȕȖșȧȚșȧ Ȓ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈȔ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȚȈȚȤ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ Țȣ ȕȍ ȎȍȕȐȓșȧ ȕȈ Ȕȕȍ ȌȈ
ȍȡȍ ȋȖȘȌȧȚșȧ ȥȚȐȔ Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȖȕȐ ȕȍșțȚ ȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȕȍ
ȚȈȒ ȓȐ"
— ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ
— ǰ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ, ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ.. ȇ ȚȈȒ ȎțȚȒȖ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓȈ Țȍȉȧ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
țȊȐȌȍȓȈ, Ȑ Țȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȐȏȉȍȎȈȚȤ ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȗȘȈȊȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ
ȥȚȖ Țȣ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ!
ǷȘȖȐȏȕȍșȧ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȧ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȗȍȘȍȠȓȈ Ȓ ȌȘțȋȐȔ
ȚȍȔȈȔ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȕȣ ȊȍȓȐ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȏȈ ȖȉȍȌȖȔ ǵȖ ȧ ȕȐ-

23
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȍȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȐȓȐ ȍșȓȐ țȎ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȗȖȠȓȖ,
ȟȍȔ șȍȑȟȈș ǷȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȧ Ȑ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ ȒȈȒ
ȟȈșȚȖ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȊȈȓȖ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
— DzȈȒ șȐȓȤȕȖ Țȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȓȦȉȐȠȤ ǸȍȒș"
— ǵȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌț ȓȦ-
ȉȐȚȤ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ
Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȖșȓȍ ȏȈȕȧȊȠȍȋȖ ȚȘȐ Ȍȕȧ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ — ȧ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ
ȖȒȘțȎȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȊșȍȔȐ țȌȖȉșȚȊȈȔȐ — Ȕȣ ȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ Ȋ dzȖȕȌȖȕ Ȑ ȔȐȘ
ȊȖȒȘțȋ Ȕȍȕȧ Șțȝȕțȓ Ȑ șȊȍȚ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȑșȟȍȏ Ȑȏ ȔȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ich ha-
be geliebt und gelebt*.
***
Ǵȣ ȗȘȐȉȣȓȐ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȊ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȋȖ ȓȍȚȈ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ
Ȋ ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȋȖșȚȐȕȐȞȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȦȚȐȓȈ ȕȈș ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ Ȑȏ DzȖș-
ȔȖȗȖȓȐșȈ ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ țȚȘȖ ȧ ȕȈȊȍșȚȐȓ ȗȖȊȍȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȚȖȚ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȧȓ Ȕȍȕȧ șȖ șȚȘȖȋȖȑ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȐșȚțȗȕȖȑ ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȖșȚȤȦ ǷȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ-
ȊȍȌȍȕȐȦ ȉȣȓȖ ȧșȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȟȐȚȈȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ șȖȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȍȔ ȦȕȖȑ Ȍȍ-
ȊțȠȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖ șȖȊȔȍșȚȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊț țȉȐȑȞȍȑ ȇ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȏȈȊȧȏȈȚȤ ȊȍȎ-
ȓȐȊțȦ ȉȍșȍȌț
— ǶȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȗȘȐșȒȖȘȉȕȣ — ȕȈȟȈȓ ȧ
Ƕȕ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ
— ǩȖȓȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȘȐșȒȖȘȉȕȣ ȖȕȐ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȚȘȈȋȐȟȕȣ
— ǿȚȖ Ȋȣ ȐȔȍȍȚȍ Ȋ ȊȐȌț"
— ǷȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ǴȥȋȓȐ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ — ȧ ȕȍ ȖȉȧȏȈȕ Ȑ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦ
ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ șțȌȐȚȤ Ȗ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧȝ ȐȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋȣș-
ȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȍ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ ȝȖȚȧ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȧ ȗȘȐȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȦșȤ ȔȕȍȕȐȧ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȊȣșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȇ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟțșȤ ȜȈȒȚȈȔȐ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ — ȗȖ-ȔȖȍȔț ȚȈȒ ȏȊțȟȐȚ ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ — șȒȘȣ-
ȓȐșȤ ș ȌȖȟȍȘȤȦ ȔȐșșȐș DzȓȍȑȚȖȕ ȔȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓȈ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȗȖȊȐȌȈȚȤ-
șȧ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȠȍȓȖȔȓȍȕȈ — ȗȖȚȘȧșȍȕȈ — ȚȍȔ,
ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȏȊȈȓȈ ȒȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜȖȑ ǷȘȐȏȕȈȦșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȊȈȠ
ȗȖșȚțȗȖȒ ș țȎȈșȖȔ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȕ Ȗȕ ȕȐ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ-
șȧ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȍțȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȕȣȔ Ȋ șȊȍȚȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȏȈȋȓȈȌȐȓȐ șȊȖȦ ȊȐ-
ȕț ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȋȓȈȌȐȚȤ, șȗȍȠȕȣȔ ȉȘȈȒȖȔ ǶȕȈ
ȋȖȘȤȒȖ ȒȖȘȐȓȈ șȍȉȧ ȏȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȖșȓȈȉȐȓȈ ȉȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓȈ
ȊȈȔ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤșȧ ș ȕȈȠȍȑ ȗȖȌȖȗȍȟȕȖȑ ȕȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȈȧ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȤșȧ ȕȍȗȘȐȓȐȟȕȈȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȈ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȐ
* ə ɥɸɛɢɥ ɢ ɠɢɥ ɧɟɦ
 ɐɢɬɚɬɚ ɢɡ Ɋɚɣɧɟɪɚ Ɇɚɪɢɢ Ɋɢɥɶɤɟ

24
ȥȚȐ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓȈ ȍȑ «ȊȣȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ șȊȖȑ ȌȖȓȋ» ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ Ȋȣ-
ȘȈȏȐȓȈșȤ ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ Ȋ ȟȍȔ șȖșȚȖȧȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȖȓȋ Ȑ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȊȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣ ȍȍ șȈȔȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ ǩȈȘȘȖțȌȍȑ-
ȓȈ ȕȈ ȉțȌțȡȍȍ ȍȍ ȌȖȟȍȘȐ ǴȐșșȐș DzȓȍȑȚȖȕ ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȊȍȚȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȧ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȒȓȧȓȈșȤ ȗȘȍȌȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȤ
ȉȘȈȒ șȊȖȍȑ ȌȖȟȍȘȐ ȍșȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȗțȚȍȔ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȐȧ ȕȍ-
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȜȈȒȚȖȊ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȑ Ȑ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȔț ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘț
Ƕ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȧȝ ȧ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȧ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦ ȕȖ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȐȏȓȖȎȍ-
ȕȣ Ȋ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȖȔ ȏȈȧȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȧ ȖȉȧȏȈȕ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȊȈȔ ǷȖ-
șȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ ȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓșȧ ș ȔȐșșȐș DzȓȍȑȚȖȕ ȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȉȣȊȈȓ Ȋ DzȖșȔȖȗȖȓȐșȍ, ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ ȍȍ
ȌȍȓȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȐ ȌȖȏȕȈȕȐȐ
— ǬȖȏȕȈȕȐȐ!
— ǬȈ. ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȟȐȚȈȓȐ țȚȘȍȕȕȐȍ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ"
— ǵȍȚ ȇ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ Ȑ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ țȚȘȖȔ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ
ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȓ ȊȈȔ
— ǬȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȐȔȍȓȖ ȔȍșȚȖ ȊȟȍȘȈ Ȑ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȓ ȊȍȟȍȘț ȍȍ ȖșȚȈȕȒȐ
ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȝȖȘȖȕȍȕȣ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȝȖȌșȒȖȔ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȍ ǶȕȈ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȐ
Ȋȣ ȕȐ ȌȖȟȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȍȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȈȊȈ — ȥȚȖ ȕȍȗȖȌȝȖ-
Ȍȧȡȍȍ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȍ Ȍȓȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȚșȧ șȚȈȚȤ
ȔȈȚȍȘȤȦ
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȊȈȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ"
— ǬȈ ǴȐȕțȚȒț ǶȚ șȓțȎȈȕȒȐ ȧ țȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓțȟȐȊ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȖȚ
ȕȈȠȍȑ ȗȖȌȖȗȍȟȕȖȑ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȚȈ șȖȖȉȡȈȓȈ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȔȐș-
șȐș DzȓȍȑȚȖȕ ȗȘȖȊȍȓȈ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȊșȚȈȊȈȧ șȖ șȚțȓȈ ȖȚȒȈȏȣȊȈȧșȤ ȖȚ
ȍȌȣ ȐȓȐ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȑ Țȍȝ Ȑȏ șȖșȍȌȍȑ ș ȒȍȔ, ȗȖ ȍȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȐȦ ȖȕȈ
ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȈ ǵȍșȟȈșȚȕȈȧ ȌȈȔȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȓȈ ȋȖșȚȐȕțȦ Ȑ
țȚȘȖȔ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȋȖ Ȍȕȧ șȓțȎȈȕȒȈ ȊȖȑȌȧ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȕȈȠȓȈ ȍȍ ȓȍȎȈ-
ȡȍȑ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕȍ ȏȈȓȐȚȖȔ ȍȍ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ǶȕȈ ȕȍțȔȍȓȖ ȗȍȘȍȘȍȏȈȓȈ șȍȉȍ
ȋȖȘȓȖ ȖȉȣȟȕȣȔ ȗȍȘȖȟȐȕȕȣȔ ȕȖȎȖȔ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȕȈ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ
ȐșȚȍȒȓȈ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȌȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǬȣȝȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȋȖȘȓȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȍȘȍȘȍȏȈ-
ȕȖ Ȉ ȧȘȍȔȕȈȧ ȊȍȕȈ ȗȖȊȘȍȎȌȍȕȈ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȚȤ
ȒȘȖȊȐ ȊȣȚȍȒȈȚȤ — ȕȖ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȧ țȎȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ.
ǶȕȈ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȈȔ ȓțȟȠȍ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȚȤ
Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ Ȕȕȍ ȓȐșȚ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȐșȗȐșȈȕȕȣȑ ȉȍșșȊȧȏȕȣȔȐ șȓȖ-
ȊȈȔȐ ǺȈȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȖ
ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț șȔȐȘȐȚȤșȧ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȧ șȚȘțșȐȓȈ — ȧ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒ
șȓțȟȐȚșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȇ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ... ȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ-
ȓȈ ȗȖȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȇ șȖȉȐȘȈȦșȤ țȉȐȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤșȧ ș
ǻȕȐȒȖȑ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȓ ȓȐȞț ȖȕȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȧ ȖȉȍȡȈȓȈ
ǷȖȓȦ ǩ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȚȖȔț, ȒȚȖ ȏȈȝȖȟȍȚ ȎȍȕȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ

25
ȇ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓȈ — ȕȖ Ȑ ȉțȌȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ șȔȖȋȓȈ ȉȣ
ǰȝ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǴȥȋȓȐ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋȣ ǶȕȐ
ț ȊȈș ȚȖȚ ȗȈȒȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȌȈȓȈ ȊȈȔ ȗȖșȓȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǷȖȓȧ ǩ Ƕȕ ȗȖȑ-
ȔȍȚ ǿȚȖ ȉȣ Ȗȕ ȕȐ șȌȍȓȈȓ — ȧ ȗȘȖȡȈȦ ȍȋȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍ ȍȋȖ ȊȐȕȈ
ȥȚȖ ȔȖȧ ȊȐȕȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȑȔȍȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȖȟȚȍȚ ǬȈ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚ ǩȖȋ ȍȔț —
Ȑ ȍȑ ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȑȚȐ.
ǻȘșțȓȈ DzȓȍȑȚȖȕ
— ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ
țȏȕȈȓ șȊȖȑ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ
— ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ǵȖ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȦșȤ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ǴȥȋȓȐ ȧ ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȦ Ȋ
țȎȈșȍ Ȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ șȖȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȊȈȔ ǷȖȓ ǩȈȘȘȖțȌȍȑȓ ȉȣȓ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ Ǫ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȥȗȐȏȖȌȣ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȐȒ-
ȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ Ȑ ȚȖ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖ ȒȖșȊȍȕȕȣȔ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤ-
șȚȊȈȔ Ȑ ȍȋȖ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȔ ȕȈȔȍȒȈȔ țȎȈșȈȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȒȈȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȓ-
ȋȖȑ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȈȘȤȍȘȖȑ Ȑ ȊȐȌȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȌȐȒȐȍ ȖȚ-
ȒȓȖȕȍȕȐȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȘȈȏțȔȈ ǵȍ șȒȈȎț ȟȚȖ ǷȖȓȤ ǩȈȘȘȖțȌȍȑȓ
șȚȘȈȌȈȓ ȗșȐȝȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȘȈșșȚȘȖȑșȚȊȖȔ — ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȉȖ-
ȓȍȍ ȊȔȍȕȧȍȔȣȔ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȚȊȖȘșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ
Ȕȕȍ ȎțȚȒȐȔ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȣȔ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ ǽȖȚȧ ȔȖȐ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣ
ȕȈ ȊȈȠȍ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ȖșȚȈȦȚșȧ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȊȍȘȤȚȍ ȧ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ
șȖȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȊȈȔ ȐȉȖ ȉȖȦșȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȏȈ ȊȈȠȍ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ
— ȌȈ ȧ ȘȈșȞȍȕȐȊȈȦ ȊȈȠ ȗȖșȚțȗȖȒ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ — ȔȖȎȍȚ șȚȈȚȤ
ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȣȔ Ȍȓȧ ȓȦȉȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ǰ ȖȌ-
ȕȈȒȖ ȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȖȋȈȌȣȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȔȖȧ ȋȖȓȖ-
ȊȈ ȒȘțȎȐȚșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȦ șȍȉȍ ȉȓțȎȌȈȚȤ Ȋ ȌȖȋȈȌȒȈȝ ǹȍȑȟȈș
ȧ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȔ ȊȈȔ ȗȈȒȍȚ ș ȉțȔȈȋȈȔȐ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ ȔȐșșȐș
DzȓȍȑȚȖȕ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȗȐșȤȔȍ Ǵȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȓȍȋȒȖ șȒȘȣȚȤ Ȑȝ ȖȚ ȒȖȘȖ-
ȕȍȘȈ ȕȖ ȧ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌșȚȊȖȊȈȓșȧ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ
ȚȈȑȕȣ Ȑ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȕȍ ȍȑ Ȉ ǩȈȘȘȖțȌȍȑȓț Ȑ
șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȈȔ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȒ ȍȋȖ ȌțȠȍȗȘȐȒȈȏȟȐȒȈȔ
ǹ ȥȚȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȈȌȊȖȒȈȚ ȊȘțȟȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒȊȈȌȘȈȚȕȣȑ ȒȖȕ-
ȊȍȘȚ ȏȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȕȣȑ ȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȒȓȈȗȈȕȍ șțȘȋțȟȖȔ ș ȖȚȚȐșȒȖȔ ȓȐȟ-
ȕȖȑ ȗȍȟȈȚȤȦ ǷȖȓȧ ǩȈȘȘȖțȌȍȑȓȈ
— ǭșȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȍȕȖ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȐȕ șȖȊȍȚ — ȗȘȖ-
ȌȖȓȎȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȧ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȍ ȗȘȖȠț ȊȈș ȕȍ ȊșȒȘȣȊȈȚȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚ,
ȗȖȒȈ Ȋȣ Ȑ ȊȈȠȈ ȎȍȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȖșȍȓȐȚȍșȤ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȋȣ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈ-
ȊȐȓȐ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȐȚȍ ȍȑ ǬȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȊȈȔ ȗȖȕȈȌȖȉȐȚșȧ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐ-
șțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȌțȝȈ Ȑ țȔȈ ǵȍ șȚȈȕț șȒȘȣȊȈȚȤ ȖȚ ȊȈș ȟȚȖ ȥȚȐ ȐȕȞȐȌȍȕȚȣ,
ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȖȒȈȎțȚ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȊȈȠț ȒȈȘȤȍȘț Ȑ ȗȖȓȖ-
ȎȍȕȐȍ Ȋ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȍ

26
ǪȖ ȘȚț ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȍȘȍșȖȝȓȖ ȒȈȒ ț ȔȖȘȜȐȕȐșȚȈ ǹȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȝȖ-
ȓȖȌ ȘȈșȚȍȒȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȔȖȍȔț Țȍȓț ȌȖ șȈȔȣȝ ȒȖȕȟȐȒȖȊ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȊ ȘțȒ Ȑ
ȕȖȋ ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȑ ȔȐȘ ȘțȠȐȚșȧ Ȑ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȣȍ Ȕȕȍ șȐȓȣ
ȗȖȋȘȍȉȈȦȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȌ ȍȋȖ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȘțȐȕȈȔȐ
ȇ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ǻȕȐȒȍ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȚȖ ȚțȔȈȕȍ Dz șȟȈșȚȤȦ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȌȖ-
ȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȧȊȐȓȈ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȈ ȗȖ ȗȖȊȖ-
Ȍț ȔȖȍȋȖ ȊȐȏȐȚȈ Ȓ ȗȖȊȍȘȍȕȕȖȔț ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ǯȈ ȥȚȖ
ȊȘȍȔȧ ȧ șȢȍȏȌȐȓ Ȋ DzȖșȔȖȗȖȓȐș șȕȧȓ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȔȍȉȓȐ-
ȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȌȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȊȐȕțȧșȤ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚț ȕȈȕȧȓ Ȋ șȓțȎȈȕȒȐ ȌȍȊțȠ-
Ȓț șȖșȚȖȧȊȠțȦ ȘȈȕȍȍ ȗȘȐ ȔȐșșȐș DzȓȍȑȚȖȕ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȉȣȓȖ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ
șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍȔ ȕȍȘȊȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȧ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȟțȊșȚȊȐȍȔ ȕȈȌȊȐȋȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ țȎȈșȈ ȐȓȐ ȋȓȈșȖȔ șȖȊȍșȚȐ ȍșȓȐ ȝȖ-
ȚȐȚȍ — ȕȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ
șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ș ȕȍȖȌȖȉȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ Ȑ șȒȖȘȍȍ Ȑȏ-
ȉȍȋȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȔȖȍȑ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȞȍȓȤȦ ȉȣȓȖ țșȚȘȖȐȚȤșȧ —
Ȑ țȏȕȈȚȤ șȈȔȖȍ ȝțȌȠȍȍ
ȇ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ ǻȕȐȒț Ȋ DzȖșȔȖȗȖȓȐș ȋȌȍ ȖȕȈ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ
ȕȖȊȖȔ ȎȐȓȐȡȍ ȒȈȒ ȒȖȠȒȈ Ȋ ȕȖȊȖȑ țȌȖȉȕȖȑ ȒȖȘȏȐȕȒȍ ǶȕȈ ȕȐȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȕȍ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȈ Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ȇ șȚȘȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ șȓțȎȈȕȒȍ Ȗȉ-
ȓȈȌȈȊȠȍȑ ȕȍȐșȚȘȍȉȐȔȣȔ ȗȣȓȖȔ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȒȓȈșșȈ ȕȍ ȊȌȈȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȌ-
ȘȖȉȕȖșȚȐ șȓțȟȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȕȖ ȔȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȍȘȍȎȍȕȐȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȐȏȓȐȠ-
ȕȐȔ ǻȕȐȒȈ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȕȐȒțȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȟȈșȚȤ Ȍȕȧ ȓȍ-
ȎȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ Ȋ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȐȐ ș ȍȍ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȗȖȟȚȍȕȐȧȔȐ DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ Ȋ Țȍ ȌȕȐ șȚȘȈșȚȤ ȉȣȓȈ
ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȔȍȘȚȊȈ ǷȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ ȖȕȈ șȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȒȈȓȈȟȐ-
ȒȖȔ ȘȧȌȖȔ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȖȉȝȊȈȚȐȊ Ȕȍȕȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȧ
ȉȣȓ ȍȑ șȍșȚȘȖȑ Ȑ ȔȐȘȕȖ șȗȈȓȈ ȗȖȒȈ ȧ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȉȍȏ șȕȈ șȓțȠȈȧ ȉȖȑ
țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚșȒȐȝ ȟȈșȖȊ Ȑ ȔȖȓȧșȤ Ȗ șȊȍȚȍ Ȍȕȧ
ȇ șȖ Ȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȌȍȕȤ ȖȚȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓ ȊșȒȘȣȚȐȍ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚȈ ǷȖȓȧ ǩȈȘȘȖț-
Ȍȍȑȓȧ — ȧ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȇ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ șȍȉȍ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ țșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤ ȕȍȘȊȣ
ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȐȚȤ Ȓ ȟȚȍȕȐȦ ȟȍȋȖ?
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ǵȖ ȗȘȐȠȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ Ȋȏȧȓ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȈȚȤ
ȚȈȑȕț ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ — ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȕȈȏȈȌ — ȒȖȋȌȈ
ǻȕȐȒȈ ȓȍȋȓȈ șȗȈȚȤ ȧ șȓȖȔȈȓ ȗȍȟȈȚȐ ȇ ȟȐȚȈȓ ǰ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ — ȕȍ-
ȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ — țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚșȒȐȍ ȟȈșȣ ȖȉȘȣȊȈȓȐ Ȑ
ȉȘȖșȈȓȐ Ȋ ȔȍȠȖȒ ș ȚȘȧȗȤȍȔ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȋȖ ȋȓȈȊț ȏȈ ȋȓȈȊȖȑ ȔȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ

27
ǸțȒȖȗȐșȤ ǷȖȓȧ ǩȈȘȘȖțȌȍȑȓȈ
ȇ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȥȚȖ ȏȈȗȐșȈȚȤ DzȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȚȤ
ȎȍȕȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ǻȕȐȒȍ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȏȕȈȚȤ Ǵȕȍ ȎȈȓȤ ȍȋȖ ȒȍȔ ȉȣ Ȗȕ
ȕȐ ȉȣȓ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȏȕȈȚȤ ǪșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȊȊȍȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȐȏȓȈȋȈȦȡȐȔ
ȝȖȌ ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȌȠȐȝ Ȓ țȎȈșȕȖȔț ȗȖ-
ȓȖȎȍȕȐȦ Ȍȍȓ ȖȗȐșȈȕȕȖȔț ȏȌȍșȤ ȧ ȐȏȓȖȎț șȖȉȣȚȐȧ Ȋ ȗȖȊȍșȚȊȖȊȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȍ
Ǫ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ Ȋșȍȑ ȔȖȍȑ ȒȈȘȤȍȘȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈ-
ȕȐȔȈȓȖ ȐȏțȟȍȕȐȍ ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȑ ȉȍȘȍȔȍȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ
ȘȈȏȔȕȖȎȍȕȐȧ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȥȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ ȘȖȌȖȊ Ȑ ȊȐȌȖȊ ǹ ȥȚȐȔ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȔ
ȚȍșȕȖ șȊȧȏȈȕȣ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚȣ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȣ
ȗȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔț ȖȗȓȖȌȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȦ ȗȈȘȚȍȕȖȋȍȕȍȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ — ȐȓȐ
ȍșȓȐ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȚȍȘȔȐȕ dzȈȕȒȍșȚȍȘȈ, «ȐȔȗȈ-
ȚȍȘȕȈȚȕȣȝª — ȧȑȞȍȒȓȍȚȖȒ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȍ ǮȈȒȖȔ dzȨȉȖȔ ǩȈȚȈȑȖ-
ȕȖȔ ǬȍȓȈȎȍȔ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ǸȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȣ Ȑȝ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȑ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐ-
ȔȖȔț ȕȍȖȗȘȖȊȍȘȎȐȔȖ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȜțȕȒȞȐȧ ȔțȎșȒȖȋȖ șȗȍȘȔȈ-
ȚȖȏȖȐȌȈ Ȋ ȖȗȓȖȌȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȐ ȎȍȕșȒȖȑ ȧȑȞȍȒȓȍȚȒȐ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ
ȟȐșȚȖ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ǶȕȐ ȖȗȓȖȌȖȚȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȑ ȌȖȊȍȓȐ ȌȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ șȚȈȌȐȐ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȧ ȓȐȟȐȕȖȒ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȌȖ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȏȘȍȓȖșȚȐ
ȗȈȘȚȍȕȖȋȍȕȍȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȐȔȗȈȚȍȘȕȈȚȕȣȍ
 ȧȑȞȍȒȓȍȚȒȐ ȐȋȓȖȒȖȎȐȝ Ȑ
ȏȍȔȕȖȊȖȌȕȣȝ ș ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ șȚȐȔțȓȧȞȐȐ, Ȓ ȗȘȐȔȍȘț
ȋȐȗȍȘȚȖȕȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȖȊ țȒȖȓȖȊ ȚȖȕȒȖȑ ȐȋȓȖȑ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ
ȒȐșȚȖȟȒȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȎȤȍȑ ȠȍȘșȚȐ ȧ ȗȘȐȊȖȎț Ȋ ȖȉȖȉȡȍȕȕȖȔ
ȊȐȌȍ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑȏ ȔȍȚȖȌȖȊ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏțȍȔȣȝ Ȋ ȕȈțȟȕȣȝ ȓȈȉȖ-
ȘȈȚȖȘȐȧȝ
 Ǻȍ ȒȚȖ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȉȣ țȏȕȈȚȤ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȖȉȘȈ-
ȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȔ șȚȈȚȤȧȔ ȗȖ ȌȈȕȕȖȔț ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚț ȖȗțȉȓȐ-
ȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ Ȋ ȕȈțȟȕȣȝ ȎțȘȕȈȓȈȝ, Ȉ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑ Ȋ țȟȍȉȕȐ-
ȒȈȝ ǰȚȈȒ Ȕȣ ȐșȝȖȌȐȔ Ȑȏ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ șȗȍȘȔȈȚȖȏȖȐȌȈ ȗȘȍȎ-
Ȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȟȍșȒȖȍ: Ȗȕ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȗȘȖȒȈȓȣȊȈȍȚ Ȑ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȍȚ ȧȑȞȍ-
ȒȓȍȚȒț Ȑ ȚȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ «ȏȈȗțșȒȈȍȚ ȍȍ» Ȑ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȏȈȔȍ-
ȕȍȕ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈȔȐ
ǭșȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒ Ȕȣ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȚȍȖȘȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ
ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓȈ țȔ ǨȓȤȜȖȕșȈ ǴȐȓȕ-ȅȌȊȈȘȌșȈ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȍȋȖ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ ǪȖȏȕȐȒȈȍȚ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȗȖȟȍȔț ȌȖȓȎȕȣ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȓȐȉȖ
ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ șȔȍȠȍȕȐȧ ȘȖȌȖȊ" Ǵȣ ȏȕȈȍȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋ
ȗȘȍȌȍȓȈȝ ȘȖȌȈ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȊȐȌȣ ȔȖȋțȚ șȒȘȍȡȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȗȘȐ-
ȔȍȘ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ș ȖșȓȖȔ ȚȐȋȘ ș ȧȋțȈȘȖȔ ȓȐșȈ ș șȖȉȈȒȖȑ — ȗȘȐȔȍȘȣ
ȔȖȋțȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȋ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȣ ǵȖ ȘȖȌȣ ȕȍ ȔȖ-
ȋțȚ șȒȘȍȡȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ș ȘȖȌȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ șȒȈȎȍȔ șȖȉȈȒȈ ș ȒȖȠȒȖȑ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ

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ș ȋȐȍȕȖȑ, șȓȖȕ ș ȕȖșȖȘȖȋȖȔ — ȐȓȐ ȌȖȝȖȌȧ ȌȖ ȊȣșȠȍȋȖ ȗțȕȒȚȈ
ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ ș ȒȖȉȣȓȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ș șȖȉȈȒȖȑ ǵȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȕȍȚ" ǭșȓȐ
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȔțȎșȒȖȋȖ șȗȍȘȔȈȚȖȏȖȐȌȈ Ȋ ȖșȕȖȊȕȖȔ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȗȖ-
ȟȍȔț ȉȣ Ȑ ȕȍȚ" ȅȚȈ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔȈ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓȈ țȔ ǴȐȓȕ-ȅȌȊȈȘȌșȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ
ȖȉșțȎȌȈȓ ȍȍ ș ǸȥȍȔ dzȈȕȒȍșȚȍȘȖȔ ȕȍȏȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȌȖ șȊȖȍȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ dzȈȕ-
ȒȍșȚȍȘ ȐȏȓȖȎȐȓ șȊȖȐ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȑ ȌȐșȒțșșȐȐ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ
ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ ȚȖȔȖȊ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ ȕȈțȟȕȣȝ ȥșșȍ ȇ ȗȘȐȊȍȌț ȏȌȍșȤ
ȍȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ Ƕȕ ȗȐȠȍȚ
«Ƕȕ ǴȐȓȕ-ȅȌȊȈȘȌș
 șȟȐȚȈȓ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȔ ș ȟȍȔ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓȐșȤ ȉȣ
ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖȋȐ ȟȚȖ ȖȗȓȖȌȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ ȧȑȞȍȒȓȍȚȒȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȊȐȌȈ
șȗȍȘȔȖȑ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȕȖ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ Ȋ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȔ șȟȍȚȍ
ȗȘȍȌȖȚȊȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ ȝȐȔȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȕȍșȖȊȔȍșȚȐȔȖșȚȤȦ — ȝȐȔȐȟȍșȒȖȑ
Ȋ ȚȖȔ șȔȣșȓȍ ȟȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȓȖȎȕȈȧ ȔȖȓȍȒțȓȧȘȕȈȧ șȚȘțȒȚțȘȈ ȚȈȒȐȝ
Țȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȈȕȚȐȚȖȒșȐȕȣ Ȑ șȣȊȖȘȖȚȒȐ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖȋȐ ȕȈȟȐ-
ȕȈȦȚ șȍȑȟȈș ȐȔȍȚȤ ȌȍȓȖ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ «ȝȐȔȐȟȍșȒȖȑ» — Ȑ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȌȘț-
ȋȐȍ ȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȐȧ Ȍȓȧ ȖȗȓȖȌȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȊȚȖȘȐȟȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȔȖ-
ȋțȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȍȕȣ ȐȓȐ țșȚȘȈȕȍȕȣ Ȋ ȝȖȌȍ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚȈ Ƕȕ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȓȖȎȐȓ ȊȊȍșȚȐ ȖȌȕȖȔț ȊȐȌț “șȣȊȖȘȖȚȒȐ” ȐȏȊȓȍȟȍȕȕȣȍ Ȑȏ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ
ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ c ȕȈȐȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ țșȗȍȝȖȔ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ ȝȐȔȐȟȍ-
șȒȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ Ȑȝ ȘȍȗȘȖȌțȒȚȐȊȕȣȝ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȖȊ Ȋ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȦ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ
Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȉțȌțȚ ȈȒȚȐȊȕȖ ȈȕȚȈȋȖȕȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ
ȕȖ ȌȖȗțșȚȧȚ șȓȐȧȕȐȍ Ȑ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȍ ǷȖ ȍȋȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȦ ȗțȚȍȔ ȖȉȔȍ-
ȕȈ ȎȐȊȣȔȐ Ȑ ȊȣșȖȒȖȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȧȔȐ ȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȖȔ
ȐȕȢȍȒȞȐȐ ȐȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȓȐȊȈȕȐȧ
 ȔȍȎȌț șȈȔȞȖȔ Ȑ șȈȔȒȖȑ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȝ
ȊȐȌȖȊ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȝȐȔȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȒȖȕșȚȐȚțȞȐȦ Ȑ
ȚȍȔ șȈȔȣȔ ȌȖșȚȐȟȤ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȏȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȕȈ Ȑȝ ȘȍȗȘȖȌțȒ-
ȚȐȊȕȣȍ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȣ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȐ ȊȐȌȣ șȔȖȋțȚ ȐȏȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȕȍșȖȊȔȍșȚȐȔȖ-
șȚȐ Ȑ ȖȗȓȖȌȖȚȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈª
ǶȉȘȈȚȐȚȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ ȔțȎșȒȖȋȖ șȗȍȘ-
ȔȈȚȖȏȖȐȌȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȟȍșȒȐȔ: șȈȔȍȞ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȌȈșȚ șȊȖȐ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȐșȚȐȒȐ ȏȐȋȖȚȍ — ȊȣȏȊȈȕȕȖȔț Ȓ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ ȥȔȉȘȐȖȕț DzȖȋȌȈ ȧȑȞȍȒȓȍȚȒȐ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȍȎȈ Echinus
 Ȗ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȝ ȧ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ ȊȣȠȍ ȗȘȖȒȈȓȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȓȈȉȖȘȈ-
ȚȖȘȕȣȝ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚȈȝ
 ȊȖȓȖȒȕȈȔȐ șȗȍȘȔȈȚȖȏȖȐȌȖȊ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȓȐ-
ȓȐȐ (Comatula), ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ Ȍȓȧ ȥȚȖȑ ȞȍȓȐ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȍȘȐȐ
ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚȖȊ ȊȖȓȖȒȕȈ șȗȍȘȔȈȚȖȏȖȐȌȖȊ ȊȖȏȌȍȑșȚȊțȦȚ ȕȈ ȖȉȖȓȖȟ-
Ȓț ȧȑȞȍȒȓȍȚȒȐ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȕȖșȧȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ șțȉșȚȈȕȞȐȑ Ȋ ȥȔȉȘȐȖȕ ȘȈȏ-
ȊȐȊȈȦȡȐȑșȧ Ȑȏ ȧȑȞȍȒȓȍȚȒȐ ǶȕȐ ȗȘȖșȚȖ «șȚȐȔțȓȐȘțȦȚ» ȍȍ Ȑ ȏȈ-
ȗțșȒȈȦȚ ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȐȧ ǵȖ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȚȍȝȕȐȒȈ ȔȖȋȓȈ
ȉȣȚȤ ȌȖȊȍȌȍȕȈ ȌȖ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȍȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȓȐ-

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ȓȐȐ Ȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȍȎȈ Ȕȣ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȐ ȉȣ ȐȓȐ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȣ ȗȖȓț-
ȟȐȚȤ ȋȐȉȘȐȌ ȔȍȎȌț Comatula Ȑ Echinus.
ȅȚȖ Ȑ ȍșȚȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȊȒȘȈȚȞȍ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȑ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚ Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț
ȕțȎȕȖ șȚȘȍȔȐȚȤșȧ DzȈȒ ȟȈșȚȖ Ȕȣ ȊȐȌȐȔ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕțȦ ȔȖȓȖȌțȦ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ȊȣȠȍȌȠțȦ ȏȈȔțȎ ȏȈ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȖ-
ȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖ ȎȍȓȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȐȔȍȚȤ ȌȍȚȍȑ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȔȍȘȍ
ȐșȗȖȓȤȏțȦȡȍȋȖ șȊȖȐ șțȗȘțȎȍșȒȐȍ ȗȘȐȊȐȓȍȋȐȐ Ȍȓȧ ȌȖșȚȐȎȍȕȐȧ
ȥȚȖȑ ȞȍȓȐ — ȕȖ ȖȕȐ ȖșȚȈȦȚșȧ ȉȍȏȌȍȚȕȣȔȐ ȇșȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȑȝ șȣȊȖȘȖȚ-
ȒȐ ȚȖȒșȐȟȕȣ ȌȘțȋ Ȍȓȧ ȌȘțȋȈ ǴțȎȟȐȕȈ ȏȈȊȖȌȐȚ ȔȐȔȖȓȍȚȕȣȑ ȘȖ-
ȔȈȕ șȖ șȓțȎȈȕȒȖȑ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȡȐȞȍȑ Ȑ ț ȕȍȍ șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ
ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȖȚȌȈȍȚșȧ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȒț Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș
ȏȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ — ȖȕȐ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȕȖ ©ȉȓȐȏȒȐȝª ȐȔ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȇ țȉȍȎ-
Ȍȍȕ, ȟȚȖ șȔȍȓȖȋȖ ȝȐȘțȘȋȈ ȐȓȐ ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖȋȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȐșȗȘȈȊȐȚ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȝ «șȚȍȘȐȓȤȕȣȝ» ȉȘȈȒȈȝ ȗȘȐȊȍȌȧ ȔțȎȈ Ȑ Ȏȍȕț
Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȊȏȈȐȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȊȕȖȊȍșȐȧ ș ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ ȐȕȢȍȒȞȐȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȐȊȖȒ ȐȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȓȐȊȈȕȐȑ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȓ ǴȐȓȕ-ȅȌȊȈȘȌș ȎȌȍȚ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȍ ȉțȌțȡȍȍ
DzȈȒ ȥȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȑ ȒȈȒ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȜȈȒȚȣ" ǶȚȊȍȚ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚ Ȓ ȕȈȔ
Ȑȏ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȑ ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖȋȖȊ Ȑ Ȑȏ ȒȓȐȕȐȒ DzȈȒ ȟȈșȚȖ Ȕȣ ȟȐȚȈȍȔ Ȋ
ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȘȖȔȈȕȈȝ Ȗ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȌȘțȏȤȧȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȍȌȓȈ-
ȋȈȦȚ șȊȖȦ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȑȝ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ șȚȘȈȌȈȍȚ ȖȚ șȐȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȒȘȖȊȖ-
ȚȍȟȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȝ
 ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȟȚȖ,
ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȋȍȘȖȐȏȔ ȌȘțȋȈ ȗȈȞȐȍȕȚ țȔȍȘ — Ȋ ȌȍȊȧȚȐ șȓțȟȈȧȝ Ȑȏ
ȌȍșȧȚȐ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȋȍȘȖȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȌȈȘȈ
ȌȘțȋȈ ǷȈȞȐȍȕȚ ȉȣȓ țȉȐȚ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȊȍȘȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȖȗȍȘȐȘțȦȡȐȑ
ȝȐȘțȘȋ ȊȣȠȐȉ ȍȔț ȔȖȏȋȐ ǪȖȍȕȕȣȍ ȋȖșȗȐȚȈȓȐ - ȋȖȌȖȊ ȌȈȓȐ
ȕȈȔ șȗȍȘȊȈ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȣ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚȣ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ țȘȖȒȐ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ ȉțȌțȟȐ țșȊȖȍȕȣ țșȚȘȈȕȐȓȐ șȍȘȤȍȏȕțȦ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎ-
ȌȈȦȡțȦ ȗȍȘȍȓȐȊȈȕȐȍ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȖȚ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȓ ȌȘțȋȖȔț ǩȣȓȖ
țșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȖȉȓȈșȚȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ șțȉȢȍȒȚȣ ȗȖȌȘȈȏ-
ȌȍȓȧȦȚșȧ ȕȈ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȒȓȈșșȈ. ǭșȓȐ ȒȈȗȓȧ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȌȖȕȖȘȈ
Ȑ ȘȍȞȐȗȐȍȕȚȈ șȔȍȠȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȕȖȔ șȚȍȒȓȍ ȔȐȒȘȖșȒȖȗȈ
ȥȘȐȚȘȖȞȐȚȣ ȓȐȉȖ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ȗȓȈȊȈȦȚ ȊȔȍșȚȍ Ȋ șȔȍȠȈȕȕȖȑ șȣȊȖ-
ȘȖȚȒȍ — Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȗȘȖȞȍȌțȘȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȈ ȉȍȏȖȗȈș-
ȕȖ — ȓȐȉȖ Ȏȍ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ȋȍȔȖȓȐȏ ȈȋȋȓȦȚȐȕȈȞȐȧ
 DzȘȖȊȧȕȣȍ
ȚȍȓȤȞȈ ©șȒȓȍȐȊȈȦȚșȧª ȊȔȍșȚȍ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȏȕȈȍȔ ȟȚȖ ș ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȍȕȐȍȔ
ȗȘȖȞȍȌțȘȣ ȘȍȞȐȗȐȍȕȚ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȘȈȏț ȗȖȋȐȉȕȍȚ. ǵȖ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ
ȥȚȖ țȏȕȈȓȐ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȈȞȐȍȕȚȖȊ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ șȚȈȓȐ ȎȍȘȚȊȈȔȐ «ȋȍ-
ȘȖȐȏȔȈ» ȚȖȒșȐȟȕȣȝ ȌȘțȏȍȑ" ǿȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȖȧșȕȐȚȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȍșȓȐ
Ȋȣ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣ ș ȕȐȔ ȧ ȊȖșȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌț ȌȐȈȋȘȈȔȔț Ȑȏ «ǻȟȍȉ-
ȕȐȒȈ ȝȐȘțȘȋȐȐ» ǩȍȒȈ Ȑ ȅȌȊȈȘȌȈ șȚȘ 


30
ǹȃǪǶǸǶǺDzǨ
Ǻ
ǭ
dz
ȄǾ
Ǩ
Ǫ șȓțȟȈȧȝ ȖȚȔȍȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȕȈȒȖȔ «+» ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ȈȋȋȓȦȚȐȕȈȞȐȧ
Ǫ șȓțȟȈȧȝ ȖȚȔȍȟȍȕȕȣȝ «Ȗ» ȈȋȋȓȦȚȐȕȈȞȐȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ǺȈȒȐȔ
ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ Ȕȣ ȊȐȌȐȔ ȟȚȖ ȒȘȖȊȤ -ȑ ȋȘțȗȗȣ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖ
ȗȍȘȍȓȐȚȈ ȓȦȉȖȔț ȘȍȞȐȗȐȍȕȚț — ȓȦȌȐ ș ȥȚȖȑ ȋȘțȗȗȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȧȊ-
ȓȧȦȚșȧ «țȕȐȊȍȘșȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȌȖȕȖȘȈȔȐ» ǹȣȊȖȘȖȚȒȈ -ȑ ȋȘțȗȗȣ ȕȍ
ȈȋȋȓȦȚȐȕȐȘțȍȚ ȗȘȐ șȔȍȠȐȊȈȕȐȐ ș șȣȊȖȘȖȚȒȖȑ ȓȦȉȖȑ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȋȘțȗ-
ȗȣ — ȓȦȌȐ ș ȌȈȕȕȖȑ ȋȘțȗȗȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ «țȕȐȊȍȘșȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ
ȘȍȞȐȗȐȍȕȚȈȔȐ» ǵȖ ȗȍȘȍȓȍȑȚȍ șȒȈȎȍȔ ȒȘȖȊȤ -ȑ ȋȘțȗȗȣ ȗȈȞȐȍȕ-
Țț șȖ 2-ȑ ȋȘțȗȗȖȑ Ȑ Ȋȣ țȉȤȍȚȍ ȗȈȞȐȍȕȚȈ
Ǫ șȓțȟȈȍ șȚȍȘȐȓȤȕȣȝ ȉȘȈȒȖȊ ȗȘȖșȚȖȑ ȈȕȈȓȐȏ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ
țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚ ȜȈȒȚȣ ȕȈ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȝȐȘțȘȋ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖ
ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ
DzȍȔ ȉȣ ȕȐ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȚ ȒȖȔț ȌȖȊȍȌȍȚșȧ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȔȖȦ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȤ
ȍȋȖ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȧȒȈ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȍȚ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȗȖȟȍȔț ȧ ȗȘȍȌȊȈȘȐȓ șȊȖȍ ȗȖ-
ȊȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȥȚȐȔ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔ ȕȈțȟȕȣȔ ȊȊȍȌȍȕȐȍȔ Ǫ șȊȧȏȐ ș ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ
ȗȖșȓȍȌțȍȚ șȟȐȚȈȑȚȍ ȍȋȖ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ©ȈȗȖȓȖȋȐȍȑª Ȋ ȒȓȈșșȐȟȍșȒȖȔ
șȔȣșȓȍ șȓȖȊȈ
Ǫ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȋȖȌȣ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȧ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚȖȊ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȐșȚȐȕȕȖșȚȤ ȐȏȓȖȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȣȠȍ ȚȍȖȘȐȐ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ Ȑȏ
ȕȐȝ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ țșȗȍȠȕȣȔȐ ȇ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓ ȋȐȉȘȐȌȣ ȔȍȎȌț
ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚșȚȖȧȡȐȔȐ ȌȘțȋ ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȈ ȘȖȌȈȔȐ ȟȚȖ ȟȈșȚȖ ȠȖȒȐȘȖȊȈȓȖ
ȌȈȎȍ Ȕȍȕȧ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȇ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȈȓșȧ ȗȖȊȍȌȈȚȤ ȔȐȘț Ȗ șȊȖȐȝ ȐșșȓȍȌȖ-
ȊȈȕȐȧȝ — ȊȘȍȔȧ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖ Ȑ ȕȈțȟȕȣȑ ȒȘțȋȖȏȖȘ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ
ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȠȐȘȖȒ ȇ ȉȣȓ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȍȕ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȌȖ ȉȍșșȚȘȈȠȐȧ ȗȘȍȌ
ȓȐȞȖȔ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȧ, ȕȖ șȚȘȍȔȐȓșȧ ȐȏȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȊȖȗȓȍȑ
ȕȍȊȍȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȧȘȖșȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȓȈșȤ ȉȣ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈ-

31
ȞȐȧ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȖȊ ȔȖȐȝ ȖȗȣȚȖȊ ǴȈȕȐȧ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ș ȊȐȊȐșȍȒȞȐȍȑ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ ȘȈȏȋȈȘȍ ǷȘȍșșȈ ȘȈȏȌțȊȈȓȈ ȋȘȧȏȕțȦ ȒȓȍȊȍȚț ȕȈ
șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȝ țȟȍȕȣȝ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑ șȘȍȌȐ ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖȋȖȊ ȋȖșȗȖȌșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ ȕȍȋȓȈșȕȖȍ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ,
ȟȚȖ ȕȈȠȐ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȗȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȖșȚȈȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ
ȚȈȑȕȍ ǻȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚșȒȐȍ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ș ȚȘȍȊȖȋȖȑ șȓȍȌȐȓȐ ȏȈ ȉȐȖ-
ȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȧȔȐ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȧ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȍȕșȈ-
ȞȐȖȕȕȖȋȖ șȒȈȕȌȈȓȈ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȌȘȣȊȕȖȑ ȚȍȖȘȐȐ, ȟȚȖ ȊȣȏȖȊȍȚ ȉțȘȦ ȕȈ-
ȗȈȌȖȒ ȕȈ ȔȍȚȖȌȣ ȕȈțȟȕȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȖȊ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȗȓȖ-
ȝȖ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȍȑ ǵȖ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȟȈșȚȕȖȑ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖ-
ȘȐȐ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȊȠȍȑșȧ Ȋ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȑ șȈȌ ȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ
ȕȍ șȐȌȍȓ șȓȖȎȈ ȘțȒȐ
ǬȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ Ȋȣ țȎȈșȕȍȚȍșȤ ȕȖ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȉțȌȍȚȍ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȣ ȚȍȔ,
ȟȚȖ ȧ șȖȉȐȘȈȦșȤ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȌȈȓȍȍ Ǫ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȊȍȕȞȈ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȈȘȤȍȘȣ ȧ
ș ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȎȐȌȈȓ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȋȐȉȘȐȌȈ ȔȍȎȌț ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ Ȋȣș-
ȠȐȝ ȜȖȘȔ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ — Ȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ Ǫȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ
ȔȖȦ ȗȖȏȐȞȐȦ ǹȍȒșțȈȓȤȕȣȑ șȖȦȏ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȉȍȏ șȖȔȕȍ-
ȕȐȧ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȚ șȖȌȘȖȋȈȕȐȍ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ șȈ-
ȔȖȑ ȋȕțșȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȣ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ȅȚȖ țȋȖ-
ȓȖȊȕȖȍ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȜȐȋțȘȐȘțȍȚ Ȋ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȒȕȐȋȈȝ ȗȖ ȦȘȐșȗȘțȌȍȕ-
ȞȐȐ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍȔ ©șȒȖȚȖȓȖȎȍșȚȊȖ», Ȑ ȌȖ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȌȈȊ-
ȕȐȝ ȓȍȚ ȖȕȖ ȕȈȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȖșȤ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ Ȉ Ȋ ȕȈȠȐ ȌȕȐ ȗȖȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȖȑ
ȒȈȚȖȘȋȖȑ DzȈȒ ȔȖȋ țȟȍȕȣȑ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȊȖ ȊȓȈșȚȤ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ ȉȣ ȕȈ ȚȈȒȖȑ «ȋȘȧȏȕȣȑ» ȥȒșȗȍȘȐ-
ȔȍȕȚ" ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȔ ȟȚȖ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȜȖȘȔȣ șȖȌȖȔȐȐ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ «ȖȚȒȓȖȕȍȕȐȧ ȖȚ ȕȖȘȔȣ» ȕȖ ȚȍȔ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȕȈȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐșȤ
ȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ șȘȖȒȈȔȐ ȚȦȘȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ; Ȋ șȒȖȚȖȓȖȎȍșȚȊȍ
Ȏȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȐȏȒȐȑ Ȑ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ ȗȖȘȖȒȈ ǴȖȑ
șȖȖȉȡȕȐȒ ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȉȣȓ ȉȣ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȐȒȖȔ ȕȐȏȠȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȘȧȌȈ Ȑ
ȚȍȔ șȈȔȣȔ ȧ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋ ȉȣ șȍȉȧ ȕȍșȒȖȕȟȈȍȔȖȔț ȠȈȕȚȈȎț ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȈ
ȔȣșȓȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȈȔ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ șȚȈȚȤ ȈȒȚȐȊȕȣȔ țȟȈșȚȕȐȒȖȔ «ȥȒșȗȍȘȐ-
ȔȍȕȚȈ» ǹȒȈȎț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȧ ȔȖȧ ȌțȠȈ ș șȖȌȘȖȋȈȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȖȚȊȘȈ-
ȡȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȖȏȔțȡȈȓȈșȤ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȥȚȖȑ ȐȌȍȐ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȧ — ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ țȎȍ Ȗ
ȉȖȓȍȍ ȊȣșȖȒȐȝ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȧȝ — ș ȓȐȟȕȖȑ ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȉȣ
ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐ ȉȍșșȐȓȍȕ ȗȖȌȖȑȚȐ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț ȊȖȗȘȖșț ȇ ȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓșȧ ș
ȎțȚȒȐȔ ȚȘȈȒȚȈȚȖȔ ǬȦȉțȈ-ǬȍșșȖȓȧ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȔ ȌȈȕȕȖȑ ȚȍȔȍ Ȑ
ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț Ȑ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȍȘȍȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȐ
ȟȚȍȕȐȐ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȚȈȓȖȋȈ țȎȈșȖȊ ȊȖșȒȘȍȠȍȕȕȣȝ ȐȔ Ȑȏ ȔȖȘȋȈ ȏȈ-
ȉȣȚȣȝ țȋȖȓȖȊȕȣȝ Ȍȍȓ
ǹȒȖȚȖȓȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȊȖșȝȖȌȐȚ Ȓ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ ȌȘȍȊȕȖ-
șȚȐ Ǫ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȘȈȕȕȐȝ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧȝ ȕȈȠȍȑ ǩȐȉȓȐȐ ȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȚȖ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȖȘȖȒ ȉȣȓ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕ șȘȍȌȐ Ȑț-

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ȌȍȍȊ ȒȈȒ ȔțȎȟȐȕ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ Ȑ Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȗȘȧȔȖ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȚ ȒȕȐ-
ȋȐ ǰșȝȖȌ Ȑ dzȍȊȐȚ*.
Ǫ ȔȐȜȖȓȖȋȐȐ ȏȖȖȜȐȓȐȧ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȖȉȣȟȕȈȧ țȓȖȊȒȈ ȉȖȋȖȊ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȉȣȓȖ ȓȍȋȟȍ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȐȚȤ ȌȖȟȍȘȍȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍ-
șȒȐȝ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȕȍȎȍȓȐ șȖȝȘȈȕȧȧ șȊȖȐ Ȗȉȣȟ-
ȕȣȍ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȈȚȘȐȉțȚȣ ȇȘȒȐȔȐ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ©ǴȍȚȈȔȖȘ-
ȜȖȏª ǶȊȐȌȐȧ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȣ Ȗ Ǽȍȉȍ Ȑ ǰșșȍ ș dzȍșȉȖșȈ Ȗ ǷȈ-
șȐȜȈȍ dzȍȌȍ ǰȖ Ǫ ǹȘȍȌȕȐȍ ȊȍȒȈ ȌȤȧȊȖȓ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓ
ȖȉȓȐȒ ȒȖȏȓȈ Ȋ Ȟȍȓȧȝ șȍȒșțȈȓȤȕȖȑ șȊȧȏȐ ș ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȔȣȔȐ ȊȍȌȤ-
ȔȈȔȐ ǹȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȍ ǩȖȋȍ Ȗ ȒȖȓȌțȕȈȝ 
 ȐȏȖȉȐȓțȍȚ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȈȔȐ Ȑ
ȒȈȚȍȋȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȖȗȓȖȌȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȕȣȝ șȖȉȈȒȈ-
ȔȐ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ șȚȈȘȈȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȒȖȔȗȐȓȧȞȐȧ ǬȦȉțȈ-ǬȍșșȖȓȧ ȕȈ-
șȟȐȚȣȊȈȍȚ  șȚȘȈȕȐȞ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȏȈȗȐșȍȑ Ǫ ȚȘțȌȈȝ ǪȖȓȤȚȍ-
ȘȈ șȖȌȍȘȎȐȚșȧ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȖȊ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȝ ȖȚ șȊȧȏȍȑ ș ȎȐȊȖȚ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȔȖȕșȚȘȖȊ Ǫ ǰȕȌȐȐ șȒțȓȤȗȚțȘȣ Ȋ ȝȘȈȔȈȝ ȀȐȊȣ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ
Ȋ ǶȘȐșșȍ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȦȚ ȗȖȓȖȊȣȍ șȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ș
ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȈȔȐ șȖȉȈȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȔȐ
ǻȋȖȓȖȊȕȣȍ ȒȖȌȍȒșȣ ǷȘțșșȐȐ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ Ȑ ǹȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȀȚȈ-
ȚȖȊ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȦȚ șȒȖȚȖȓȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȈȗȈ ǰȖȈȕȕ ;,,, ȗȘȍ-
ȌțșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȍȋȖ ©ȗȘȖȡȍȕȐȍª ȕȖ ȕȈȓȖȎȐȓ ȠȚȘȈȜ Ȋ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȍ  ȓȐȊ-
ȘȖȊ ǰșȚȖȘȐȒȐ ȅȓȐȈȕ Ȑ ǨȜȐȕȍȑ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȧȚ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȔȍ-
Șȣ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȒȈȒ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȜȈȒȚȣ Ȑ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț
dzȈȒȈșșȈȕȤ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓ ȘȈȉȖȚț «La Criminalité chez les Animaux» **.
dzȦȌȐ ȒȈȒ ȈȒȚȐȊȕȣȍ ȐȓȐ ȗȈșșȐȊȕȣȍ țȟȈșȚȕȐȒȐ ȖȉȘȈȏțȦȚ ȌȓȐȕ-
ȕțȦ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȐȦ Ȋ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȦȘȐșȗȘțȌȍȕȞȐȐ Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ǺȈȘȌȤȍ ȗȖ
ȥȚȖȑ ȚȍȔȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈ ȗȈȚȖȓȖȋȈȔ ȗșȐȝȐȈȚȘȈȔ Ȑ ȦȘȐșȚȈȔ.
DzȈȒ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȖ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȊȒȓȦȟȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȖȉȡȐȑ ȘȈȏȌȍȓ ©șȖȌȖȔȐȧ»,
ȕȖ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȘȍȏȒȖȍ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȍ; ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ, Ǩ Ȍȍ dzȐȋțȖ-
ȘȐ ȌȈȍȚ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ: «Sodomia, i ȍ FXP SHUVRQD HMXVGHP
sexus; et Bestialitas, i ȍ FRQFXELWXV FXP EHVWLD» ***.
ǯȖȖȜȐȓȐȧ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȕȈȧ șȒȓȖȕȕȖșȚȤ ȒȓȈșșȐȜȐȞȐȘțȍȚ-
șȧ DzȘȈȜȚ-ȅȉȐȕȋȖȔ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș șȈȌȐȏȔȖȔ ȜȓȈȋȍȓȓȧȞȐȍȑ ȥȒșȋȐȉȐ-
ȞȐȖȕȐȏȔȖȔ ȕȍȒȘȖȜȐȓȐȍȑ Ȑ ȋȖȔȖșȍȒșțȈȓȐȏȔȖȔ ȗȖȌ ȖȉȡȐȔ ȕȈȏ-
ȊȈȕȐȍȔ ©ȗȈȘȍșȚȍȏȐȐ». ǵȈțȟȕȖȍ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȔ ȖȚȒȓȖȕȍ-
ȕȐȧȔ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȘȍȏȦȔȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ
Ǫ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȐ ȘȈș ȐȋȘȈȦȚ ȘȖȓȤ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ
ȜȈȒȚȖȘȖȊ Ȑ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ țȕȐȜȐȞȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȒȖȌȐȜȐȞȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȟȍȓȖ-
* ɂɫɯ  Ʌɟɜɢɬ  ɢ -16.
** ©ɉɪɟɫɬɩɭɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯª ɮɪ).
*** ©ɋɨɞɨɦɢɹ ɬ ɟ ɫ ɥɢɰɨɦ ɬɨɝɨ ɠɟ ɩɨɥɚ ɢ ɛɟɫɬɢɚɥɢɬɟɬ ɬɟ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɣ ɚɤɬ ɫ ɠɢ-
ɜɨɬɧɵɦª ɥɚɬ.).

33
ȊȍȟȍșȒțȦ ȔȖȘȈȓȤ ǵȈșȓȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȒȓȐȔȈȚ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȐȍ șȖȞȐȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȍ țșȓȖȊȐȧ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȖ ȐȓȐ ȉȍȌȕȖșȚȤ — Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȕȖșȐȚ șȊȖȑ ȊȒȓȈȌ.
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȕȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȖȔ șȊȖȐȝ ȜțȕȒ-
ȞȐȑ; ȍȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȏȈȊȐșȐȚ ȖȚ ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉȕȣȝ ȐȓȐ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȝ ș
ȕȐȔȐ ȜȈȒȚȖȘȖȊ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȗȕ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȘȍȈȋȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ǷȖ-
ȥȚȖȔț ȗȘȍȌ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȕȈȐȝțȌȠȐȝ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȕȖșȚȍȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȘȖȌȣ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ ȕȈȔ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȘȖȒ țȟȍȕȣȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȍșȚțȍȚ Ȗȕ ȓȐȠȤ ȐȡȍȚ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ Ȑ ȒȓȈșșȐȜȐȞȐȘțȍȚ șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȧ
ǵȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȌȖȔȐȕȐȘțȦȡȐȔ ȜȈȒȚȖȘȖȔ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȕȈșȓȍȌșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ǺȈȘȌȤȍ ȐȌȍȚ ȍȡȍ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȗȘȐȗȐșȣȊȈȧ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ ȖȚȒȓȖ-
ȕȍȕȐȧ ȈȚȈȊȐȏȔț Ǵȣ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȔ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȜȈȒȚȖȘȖȊ Ȋ ȒȈȎ-
ȌȖȔ ȒȖȘȗțșȍ ȓȍȋȍȕȌ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȐȑ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȧ ș «ǯȖȓȖȚȖȋȖ ȖșȓȈ» Ǩȗț-
ȓȍȧ Ȑ ȏȈȒȈȕȟȐȊȈȧ ȉȍșȚȐȈȓȐȚȍȚȖȔ «ǺȣșȧȟȐ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ»; ȕȈȝȖ-
ȌȐȔ Ȑȝ ț ǵȐȒȖȓȧ Ȍȍ ǪȍȕȍȚȚȈ Ȑ ȌȈȓȍȍ ȊȗȓȖȚȤ ȌȖ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȑ ț ǴȖȕ-
Țȍȕȧ ǩȈȓȤȏȈȒȈ ǨȘȔȈȕȈ ȀȈȘȗȈȕȚȤȍ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ Ǫ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȐ ȌȐ-
ȒȐȝ ȕȈȘȖȌȖȊ Ȕȣ ȘȈșȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȔ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȏȈȗȐșȧȔȐ ǷȖȓȧ ȌȦ
ȀȈȑȦ ȌȈȚȐȘțȍȔȣȔȐ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȖȊȣȔȐ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈȔȐ ǶȔȍȘȏȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ «ȘȖȔȈȕȣ» Ȍȍ ǴȦșșȍ «ǫȈȔȐȈȕȐ»), ǩȐȠȖȗșȈ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȗȖȘ-
ȕȖȋȘȈȜȖȊ ȕȈș ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȚȤ. ǷȘȐȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȣȠȍ ȒȘȈȚ-
ȒȐȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȖȉȏȖȘ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȔ ȒȈȒ țȒȈ-
ȏȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ, Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȐȏțȟȈȚȤșȧ ȍșȓȐ ȗȖȚȘȍȉțȍȚ-
șȧ ȥȚȖȚ țȎȈșȕȣȑ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ
ǩȣȓȖ ȏȈȘȍȋȐșȚȘȐȘȖȊȈȕȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ șȓțȟȈȍȊ ȏȖȖȜȐȓȐȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ
ȗȈșșȐȊȕȣȔȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȔȐ țȟȈșȚȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ —
șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȖȕȐ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖ ȏȈȘȍȋȐșȚȘȐȘȖ-
ȊȈȕȕȣȝ șȓțȟȈȍȊ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȚȈȒȐȝ șȓțȟȈȧȝ
ȖȚ ȘȈȏțȔȕȖȋȖ țȟȈșȚȕȐȒȈ-ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȍ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚșȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ǶȕȐ ȕȍ Ȕȍ-
ȕȍȍ țȎȈșȕȣ ȟȍȔ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȕȖ ȧșȕȖ ȖȌȕȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȚȈȒțȦ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț
ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȗȘȖȟȍșȈȚȤ ȘȧȌȣ șȈȔȣȝ ȕȐȏȒȖ ȗȈȊȠȐȝ ȕȍȖȉțȏȌȈȕȕȣȝ Ȑ
ȗȖȘȖȟȕȣȝ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞ ȒȓȈșșȈ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚțȚȖȒ Ȗ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȝ Ȋȍ-
ȡȈȝ ȔȖȎȕȖ țșȓȣȠȈȚȤ Ȋ ȉȖȘȌȍȓȧȝ ǷȈȘȐȎȈ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȈ Ȑ ǵȍȈȗȖȓȧ) ȇ
șȖȌȘȖȋȈȓșȧ ȗȘȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȗ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍ ș ȚȈȒȐȔȐ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧȔȐ ȇ
țșȗȍȠȕȖ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚȐȘȖȊȈȓ ș ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȖȗȓȖȌȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍȔ
ȕȐȏȠȐȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȗȍȘȍȕȖșȈ
ȥȚȐȝ ȖȗȣȚȖȊ ȕȈ ȊȣșȠȐȝ ȧ șȚȖȓȒȕțȓșȧ ș ȚȍȔ Ȏȍ ȕȍȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȐȔȣȔ
ȟțȊșȚȊȖȔ țȎȈșȈ Ȑ ȖȚȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ ǰ ȚȍȔ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȚȍȖȘȍȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȥȚȖ
șȚȈȓȖ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȐ idée fixe — ultima ratio *, ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȊȍȘȖȧȚ-
ȕȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ șțȎȌȍȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȣȑȚȐ ȏȈ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȣ ȚȍȖȘȍȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȘȈș-
șțȎȌȍȕȐȑ.
* ɇɚɜɹɡɱɢɜɨɣ ɢɞɟɟɣ ɮɪ
 ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɦ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɥɚɬ.).

34
ǯȌȍșȤ ȧ ȊȗȓȖȚȕțȦ ȗȖȌȝȖȎț Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ țȎȍ ȟȍȚȣȘ-
ȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȓ țșȗȍȠȕȖȔț ȌȖșȚȐȎȍȕȐȦ ȉȘȖșȐȊȠȍȔț ȚȍȕȤ ȕȈ
ȊșȦ ȔȖȦ ȖșȚȈȊȠțȦșȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ
***
ǬȖȑȌȧ Ȋ ȟȚȍȕȐȐ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȐ ǩȈȘȘȖțȌȍȑȓȈ ȌȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȍșȚȈ ȧ ȊșȒȖ-
ȟȐȓ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȧ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȚȖȠȕȖȚț ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ
ȟȚȖ ȚȍȘȧȦ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȖȚ țȎȈșȈ Ȑ ȌțȘȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȧ ǿȚȖ Ȕȕȍ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȐȚ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȚȤ" ȇ ȖȚȓȖȎȐȓ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȤ ȊȣȗȐȓ șȖȓȐȌȕțȦ ȌȖȏț
ȉȘȍȕȌȐ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȖȟȕȖȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȌțȔȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȑȚȐ Ȋ șȍ-
ȉȧ ȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȍȚȤ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȊȠȐȑ Ȕȍȕȧ țȎȈș ȇ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȌȖȓ-
ȎȈȚȤ ȟȚȍȕȐȍ, ȕȖ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȕȕȍ ȏȈȒȘȈȓȈșȤ șȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ Ƕ ȚȖȔ
Ȏȍ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ țșȗȍȓȐ ȗȖȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȑ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȐ ȇ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ Ȑȏ-
ȉȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐ — ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐ ȔțȟȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ —
ȕȖ ȧ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȟȈș ȧ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȑ ȗȘȖȒȘȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȗȈȓȤȕȦ ǻȕȐȒȈ
ȔȐȘȕȖ șȗȈȓȈ ȟțȚȤ ȘȈȏȌȊȐȕțȊ ȐȌȍȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȋțȉȣ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȊȖșȝȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȍ ǵȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȧ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ ȕȖ ȏȈȚȍȔ șȕȖȊȈ ȊȗȈȓ Ȋ șȖ-
șȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȐșȗțȋȈ Ȑ țȎȈșȈ ǿȚȖ ȉȣ Ȕȕȍ ȕȐ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȓȖ ȗȘȖȟȍșȚȤ ȧ
șȈȔ ȕȈȊȓȍȒ ȥȚȖ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ — Ȑ ȧ șȕȖȊȈ Ȋȏȧȓ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚțȦ ȘțȒȖ-
ȗȐșȤ
***
ǷȘȖȌȖȓȎȍȕȐȍ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȐ
ǮȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȓțȎȐȓȐ Ȕȕȍ Ȍȓȧ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤșȒȖȑ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȣ ȧ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȈȓ Ȋ ȗȖȘȚț ț ȗȘȍȍȔȕȐȒȖȊ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖȋȖ
ǬȎȈȔȘȈȝȈ ǶȕȐ șȟȐȚȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȈȋȍȕȚȖȔ ǯȖȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ,
Ȑ ȧ Ȑȝ ȕȍ ȘȈȏțȊȍȘȧȓ ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȧ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȖȚ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȖșȚȈȊȡȐȒȖȊ ȏȈ-
ȗȐșȒț Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ț ȕȐȝ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ,
ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȣȑ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘ Felis jubata ȐȕȌȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȟȤȍȋȖ
ȓȍȖȗȈȘȌȈ ȐȓȐ ȋȍȗȈȘȌȈ ȇ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȔȍȟȚȈȓ ȏȈȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ
Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȖȑ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȈȚȤ Ȓ ȓȦȌȧȔ Ȑ ȎȐȚȤ ș
ȕȐȔȐ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȍȋȖ ȗȐȚȖȔȞȈ. ǺȖ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȏȊȍȘȤ

35
ȉȣȓ țȎȍ ȚȈȒȐȔ Ȏȍ ȗȖșȓțȠȕȣȔ Ȑ ȖȚȏȣȊȟȐȊȣȔ ȕȈ ȓȈșȒț ȒȈȒ ȓȦȉȈȧ
ȖȉȣȟȕȈȧ ȒȖȠȒȈ ȇ ȒțȗȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓșȧ Ȗ ȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȏȒȍ Ȋ ȔȖȑ
ȏȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȣȑ ȌȖȔ ȋȌȍ ȧ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ șȊȖȐȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ǵȍȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȒȖȓȓȍ-
ȋȐ ȏȕȈȊȠȐȍ Ȗ ȔȖȐȝ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚȈȝ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȐȔ «ǶșȚȘȖ-
ȊȖȔ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ǴȖȘȖª ȗȖ ȏȈȋȓȈȊȐȦ ȎțȚȒȖȑ ȒȕȐȋȐ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȋȖ ǫȍȘ-
ȉȍȘȚȈ ǻȥȓȓșȈ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȔȖȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȖȉȡȍȋȖ ș țȎȈ-
șȈȔȐ ȖȗȐșȈȕȕȣȔȐ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȘȐȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȐ ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈ-
Șȧ Ȗȉȡȍȑ Ȑ ȔȍșȚȕȖȑ ȈȕȍșȚȍȏȐȐ ȔȖȐ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȚȘȍȊȖ-
ȎȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȖșȖȏȕȈȊȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ©ȔțȟȍȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȕȈț-
ȒȐª ȒȈȒ ȕȈȏȊȈȓȐ ȉȣ Ȑȝ ȈȕȚȐ-ȊȐȊȐșȍȒȞȐȖȕȐșȚȣ ǶȕȐ ȎȐȓȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ
șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȑ șȍȔȤȍȑ, Ȋ ȗȖȒȖȍ Ȑ țȌȖȉșȚȊȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȐȓȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȐȏ-
ȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȕȈ șȊȍȚ ȎȍȓȈȍȔȣȑ ȋȐȉȘȐȌ Ȑ ȗȖ ȐșȚȍȟȍȕȐȐ ȖȚȊȍȌȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȐȔ
șȘȖȒȈ ȧ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȐȓ Ȑȝ Ȋ ǸȐȌȎȍȕȚș-ȗȈȘȒ ǵȐ ȖȌȕȖ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ
ȕȍ țȔȐȘȈȓȖ ȗȖȌ ȔȖȐȔ ȗȘȐșȔȖȚȘȖȔ ȐȓȐ Ȋ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȍ ȔȖȐȝ ȖȗȣȚȖȊ,
ȏȈ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍȔ șȓțȟȈȍȊ ȗȕȍȊȔȖȕȐȐ ȓȐȉȖ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȑ șȊȧ-
ȏȈȕȕȣȝ ș ȕȈȠȐȔ ȒȓȐȔȈȚȖȔ ȐȓȐ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ țșȓȖȊȐȧȔȐ șȖȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȕȐȧ
ȇ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȗȖ ǸȥȚȒȓȐȜȜ-ȝȈȑȊȍȑ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ
ȗȍșȚȘțȦ ȚȖȓȗț ȔȖȘȧȒȖȊ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈȞȐȑ ȚȖȓȗȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐ-
ȟȍșȒȖȑ țȓȐȞȍ Ȑ ȖȗțșȚȐȊȠȐȝșȧ țȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȌȍȊȖȒ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȊȠȐȝșȧ șȘȍ-
ȌȐ ȕȐȝ șȊȖȐȔ ȎȈȓȒȐȔ ȘȍȔȍșȓȖȔ ǶȌȕȈ Ȑȝ ȕȐȝ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧ ȔȐȔȖ șȓȍȋ-
ȒȈ țȡȐȗȕțȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ ȘțȒț Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ȗȖȓțȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ
— ǽȖȟȍȠȤ ȘȈșȗțȚȕțȦ ȌȍȊȖȟȒț"
ȇ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ Ȑ ȖȚȔȈȝȕțȓșȧ. ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ șȓȖȎȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȌȍȘȏȒȖȑ ȕȈ ȊȐȌ ȗȖȚȈșȒțȠȒȖȑ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȍȓȈ ȔȖȓȖȎȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚ-
ȊȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȚȖȊȈȘȖȒ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ, ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȓȈ Ȓ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȊȣșȖȒȖȘȈȏȊȐ-
ȚȖȔț ȘȈșȖȊȖȔț ȚȐȗț — șȊȍȚȓȖȒȖȎȈȧ Ȑ ȉȍȓȖȒțȘȈȧ ȖȗȘȧȚȕȖ ȝȖȚȧ
Ȑ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ ȖȌȍȚȈȧ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȣȔȐ șȍȘȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ
ȟȐșȚȣȔȐ ȘȖȊȕȣȔȐ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ǭȍ ȊȕȍȠȕȖșȚȤ țȌȐȊȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ǴȖȑ ȒȘȈȚ-
ȒȐȑ ȖșȔȖȚȘ ȗȖȌȉȖȌȘȐȓ ȍȍ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
— ȇ șȈȔȈȧ ȘȈȏȊȘȈȚȕȈȧ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈ ȕȈ ǽȈȑȊȍȑ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȕȘȈȊȧȚșȧ șȚȈ-
Șȣȍ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȣ ȇ șȌȍȓȈȦ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȎț Țȍȉȍ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ
ȏȈȝȖȟȍȠȤ ǸȈȏȊȍ Țȣ ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ ȗȖȑȚȐ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ" ȇ Țȍȉȧ țȌȐȊȓȦ
— ǻȉȐȘȈȑșȧ Ȓ ȌȤȧȊȖȓț — ȋȘțȉȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ȐȕȈȟȍ ȧ șȌȈȔ Țȍȉȧ
Ȋ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȦ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ, — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ȇ țȝȖȎț Au revoir,
mon ami*, — Ȑ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȧ țșȗȍȓ ȖȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ȖȚ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȋȣ-
ȏȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȍȍ ȉȍȏțȗȘȍȟȕȣȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖȠȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȕȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȘȍȓȤ-
șȣ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȍȔ
* ɉɪɨɳɚɣ ɦɨɣ ɞɪɭɝ ɮɪ).

36
ǫȓțȉȖȒȖ ȗȖȚȘȧșȍȕȕȣȑ, ȗȖȊȐȕțȧșȤ ȕȍȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȐȔȖȔț ȐȕșȚȐȕȒ-
Țț ȧ ȒȐȕțȓșȧ ȏȈ ȕȍȑ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȍ ȏȈ ȓȖȌȣȎȒț Ȑ ȘȣȊȒȖȔ șȚȈȡȐȓ ș
ȘȍȓȤș ǪȈȋȖȕȖȊȖȎȈȚȣȑ ȕȈȎȈȓ ȕȈ ȚȖȘȔȖȏȈ ȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȐȍ ȒȖȓȍșȈ ȘȈȏ-
ȌȈȊȐȓȐ ȍȍ Ƞȓȧȗț ǭȡȍ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȉȣ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȈ ȇ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ ȍȍ
ȕȈ ȚȘȖȚțȈȘ Ȑ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȕȈș șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ șȖȉȘȈȓȈșȤ ȗȓȖȚȕȈȧ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȉȍȏ-
ȌȍȓȤȕȐȒȖȊ ȔȖȘȧȒȖȊ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚțȚȖȒ ǶȕȈ țȗȈȓȈ Ȋ ȖȉȔȖȘȖȒ
— ǬȈȑȚȍ-ȒȈ ȕȈȔ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȔȍșȚȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ȧ ȊȘȈȟ DzȚȖ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ Ȗ ȕȍȑ ȟȚȖ-ȓȐȉȖ ȏȕȈȍȚ"
— ǯȕȈȍȚ" — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȔȈȚȘȖș — ǬȈ Ȕȣ Ȋșȍ ȏȕȈȍȔ
Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȕțȎȕȖ ȏȕȈȚȤ Ȑ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȔȕȖȋȖ ǫȘȧȏȕȈȧ șțȒȈ
— Ƕ ǩȖȎȍ — ȊȔȍȠȈȓȈșȤ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȗȘȣȡȈȊȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐ-
ȕȈ, ȗȘȖȉȐȊȠȈȧșȧ Ȋ ȞȍȕȚȘ ȚȖȓȗȣ — ǬȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕț ȗȖȊȍȏȓȖ ȊȍȘȕȖ"
ǹ ȕȐȔ șȈȔȈ ǹȈȓȓȐ-ǯȊȍȘȐȕȍȞ
— DzȍȔ ȉȣ ȖȕȈ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȈ — ȋȖȘȧȟȖ ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ ȧ — ȍȍ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ Ȗș-
ȚȈȊȓȧȚȤ ȏȌȍșȤ ǫȌȍ ȖȕȈ ȎȐȊȍȚ"
— DzțȌȈ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȠȤ ȚȈȔ Ȑ ȎȐȊȍȚ, — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȋȘțȉȐȧȕ. —
ȅȑ ȊșȚȈȊȈȑ ǹȥȓ — Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȕțȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȉȖȒ
ȇ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȑ ȝȖȚȍȓ șȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȏȈ ȊȖȘȖȚ ȕȖ — ȊȗȖȓ-
ȕȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ Ȓ șȟȈșȚȤȦ — șȘȍȌȐ ȕȈș ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȑ Ȑ ȕȍȊȖȏ-
ȔțȚȐȔȣȑ ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒȐȑ Ȑ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȖȚșȚțȗȐȓȈ
— DzȚȖ ȒȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȚȈȒȈȧ? — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȋ șȐȕȍȔ
— ǶȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȝțȌȠȐȝ șȥȘ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ șȈȔȈȧ ȝțȌȠȈȧ.
ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȋ șȍȉȧ
— ȅȑ ȊșȚȈȊȈȑ ǹȥȓ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȒȖȕșȚȍȉȓȤ — Ȑ ȐȌȐ ȌȖȔȖȑ
ȍșȓȐ ț Țȍȉȧ ȍșȚȤ ȌȖȔ, ȕȍ ȚȖ ȧ ȏȈȉȍȘț Țȍȉȧ
— ȇ ȊȘȈȟ — ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȍȔț șȊȖȦ ȒȈȘȚȖȟȒț —
DzȍȔ ȉȣ ȖȕȈ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȖȌȕț Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧ-
ȕȐȐ ǷȖȔȖȋȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȖȚȊȍșȚȐ ȍȍ ȊȖȕ ȚțȌȈ
ǸȧȌȖȔ ș ȔȍșȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȈșȤ ȏȈȒțșȖȟȕȈȧ ș ȗȖȔȖ-
ȡȤȦ ȒȖȕșȚȍȉȓȧ ȧ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ȊȕțȚȘȤ Ȑ țșȈȌȐȓ ȍȍ ȏȈ țȋȓȖȊȖȑ
șȚȖȓȐȒ ǺȖȓȗȈ ȘȈȏȖȠȓȈșȤ
— ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ — țȌȈȟȐ ȍȔț — ȒȘȐȒ-
ȕțȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȡȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚțȚȒȈ Ȋ ȏȈșȈȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȖȌȍȎȌȍ Ȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ
ȗȘȖȏȊȐȡȍ ȥȝȖȔ ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓȖșȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ©ǹȈȓȓȐ-ǯȊȍȘȐȕȍȞ, ǹȈȓȓȐ-ǯȊȍ-
ȘȐȕȍȞª.
ȇ Ȋȍȓȍȓ ȗȘȐȕȍșȚȐ ȉȘȍȕȌȐ Ȑ țșȍȓșȧ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ
ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ǶȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȓȈ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȕȈ Ȑȏ-
ȌȈȓȈ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȑ ȝȘȐȗȓȣȑ șȔȍȠȖȒ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
— DzȈȒȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȚȈ Țȣ ȥȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȓ" Ǻȣ Ȋȍȓȍȓ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȑȚȐ Ȓ ȌȤȧȊȖȓț
Ȑ ȧ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȓȈșȤ. Ǻȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ, ȏȈȟȍȔ Ȏȍ Țȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ"
— ǷȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖ, — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ȧ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț ȊȈș ȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȖȏȊȖ-
ȓȐȚȤ ȊȈȔ țȉȐȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȕȈ ȔȖȐȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȇ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȉ ȕȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ

37
— Ǫșȍ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ — șȒȖȚȣ — ș ȊȣȏȖȊȖȔ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ
Ǫ ȍȍ ȘȍȟȐ ȏȊțȟȈȓȈ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȈȧ șȔȍșȤ ȈȒȞȍȕȚȖȊ ǶȕȈ ȉȍȋȓȖ Ȑ Ȋȣ-
ȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȕȈ țȓȐȟȕȖȔ ȕȈȘȍȟȐȐ ȒȖȒȕȐ ȕȖ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ
șȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȐȕȚȖȕȈȞȐȐ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȒȖȕȚȘȈșȚȐȘȖȊȈȓȐ ș ȊțȓȤȋȈȘȕȖ-
șȚȤȦ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ
— ǵȍ Ȋșȍ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȧ — ȇ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ȇ
ȖȉȘȈȡț ȊȈȠ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș Ȓ ȊȈȔ — Ȍȓȧ ȟȍȋȖ Ȋȣ ȥȚȖ șȌȍȓȈ-
ȓȐ"— Ǩ Țȍȉȍ-ȚȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ"
— ǹȒȈȎȍȔ ȚȈȒ Ȋȣ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȔȖȓȖȌȣ Ȑ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȝȖȚȍȚȤ
țȔȍȘȍȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȉȣ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȈȠȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǷȖȒȈ ȍșȚȤ
ȎȐȏȕȤ ȍșȚȤ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈ ǪȈș șȚȖȐȚ șȗȈșȚȐ
— ǹȗȈșȍȕȐȍ ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ ȊȣȗțșȚȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚșȦȌȈ Ǻȣ ȟȍȘȚȖȊ ȍȊȈȕ-
ȋȍȓȐșȚ ȊȖȚ ȒȚȖ Țȣ ȚȈȒȖȑ ǹȍȑȟȈș Țȣ ȕȈȟȕȍȠȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ ȝȘȈȔȍ
ȔȖȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ Ȑ Ȗ ǩȖȋȍ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȇ ȕȍ ȝȘȈȔ ȧ ȊȣȋȘȍȉȕȈȧ ȧȔȈ Ȑ ȕȍȚ
ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ǩȖȋȈ ǶȚȗțșȚȐ Ȕȍȕȧ
— ȇ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȕȍ ȍȊȈȕȋȍȓȐșȚ Ȑ ȕȍ șȖȉȐȘȈȦșȤ ȊȈȔ ȗȘȖȗȖȊȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ
ȕȖ ȧ ȊȘȈȟ Ȑ ȧ ȝȖȟț ȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ
— ȅȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȒȖȕȟȐȓȈșȤ — ȧ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȖȌȍȘȎȈȓȈșȤ ȌȖșȚȈ-
ȚȖȟȕȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ Ǫȣ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ©ǹȈȓȓȐ-ǯȊȍȘȐȕȍȞ»
ȖȕȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȊȣȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ «ǯȊȍȘȐȕȍȞ»
 ȇ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȕȐȏȒȖ ȗȈȓȈ
Ȑ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȈ țȊȈȎȈȦȡȈȧ șȍȉȧ ȠȓȦȝȈ ȕȍ șȚȈȕȍȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȇ
ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȕȈȑȚȐ ȎȐȓȤȍ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ©DzȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ǬȣȘȍª Ȑ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț
ȕȈȑȚȐ ȔțȎȟȐȕț ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȟțȎȈȒ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȒȘȈȧȝ — ȊȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȧ Ȋ
Țȍȉȧ ȊȞȍȗȐȓȈșȤ — ȐȓȐ ȕȍ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȧȏȣȟȕȐȒ Ȑ ȏȊȍȘȤ ȕȈșȚȖȧ-
ȡȐȑ ȏȊȍȘȤ
— Ǫȣ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚȍșȤ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ șȐȓȤȕȖȑ ȐșȚȍȘȐȒȐ — ȥȚȖ ȖȟȍȊȐȌ-
ȕȖ Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ȧ șȗȈș ȊȈȔ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȑ Ȋȣ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚȍ
Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈ ȧ ȕȍ ȘȍȠț ȐȕȈȟȍ
ǵȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȍ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȏȐȓȖ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȖȕȈȓȤȕțȦ țȓȣȉȒț
— ǵȍ ȗȖȑȔȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖ — ȧ ȕȍ șȖȉȐȘȈȦșȤ ȊȈȔȐ ȊȖș-
ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȖ ȧ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȦ ȊȈș ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȢȍșȚȤ Ǫȣ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȣ"
— ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ Ǵȕȍ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȉȣ ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȗț-
șȚȈ ȒȈȒ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕ ǰȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖ Ȓ ȟȍȔț Țȣ ȒȓȖȕȐȠȤ"
— ǵȐ Ȓ ȟȍȔț ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȔț, — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȧ — ȕȖ ȊȈȔ ȕțȎȕȖ ȗȖȍșȚȤ
Ǵȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȔ șȐȌȍȚȤ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȕțȎȕȖ țȊȈȎȈȚȤ
ȏȈȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ
ȇ ȏȈȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȌț Ȑ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȍȍ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȐ ȗȐȡȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȋȘțȉȈȧ ȕȖ
ȗȘȖșȚȈȧ Ȑ ȝȖȘȖȠȈȧ ǶȕȈ ȍȓȈ șȒțȗȖ, șȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȕȖșȚȤȦ,
țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȈȡȍȑ ȍȍ ȔȈȕȍȘȍ ȐȏȢȧșȕȧȚȤșȧ DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ
ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓȈ ȍșȚȤ ȧ ȏȈȒțȘȐȓ ȚȘțȉȒț Ȑ ȌȈȓ ȍȑ șȐȋȈȘȍȚț ǶȕȈ țșȗȖȒȖȐ-
ȓȈșȤ

38
— ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ — șȕȖȊȈ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȧ, — Ȋȣ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȍ ȕȈ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖșȚȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȏȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȌȍȓȈȓ"
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ, — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȏȕȈȟȍ-
ȕȐȧ ǭșȚȤ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ șȗȖșȖȉȣ ȇ Ȋșȍ șȌȍȓȈȦ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ
ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȣȝ
— ǵȍȚ Ǫȣ ȗȖȖȉȍȡȈȍȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ
ǶȕȈ ȔȖȓȟȈ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȖȌȗȍȘȍȊ ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȖȌȉȖ-
ȘȖȌȖȒ Ȑ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȗȣȝȐȊȈȧ șȐȋȈȘȍȚȖȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȣȝȈȚȤ ȌȣȔ
Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ
— ǵț" — ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
— ǯȈȚȒȕȐșȤ ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ, — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ
— ǷȍȕȕȐ ȏȈ ȚȊȖȐ ȔȣșȓȐ
— ȇ ȊȖȏȤȔț ȗȍȕȕȐ ǷȘȐȋȖȌȐȚșȧ Ǩ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȠȐȓȓȐȕȋ"
ȇ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȕȈ șȚȖȓ șȖȊȍȘȍȕ
— ȅȚȖ ȊȈȔ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚ"
— ȇ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȓȈ țȎȍ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȍȚ ǩȘȈȊȖ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ — Ȑ ȖȕȈ
ȓȖȊȒȖ șțȕțȓȈ ȔȖȕȍȚț Ȋ ȟțȓȖȒ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȧ ȐȏțȟȈȚȤ ȔȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ
— ȇ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȐȓ Ȉ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȍȓȐȓȐșȤ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȔȣșȓȧȔȐ
— ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȧ
ǰ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȐșȗȣȚȈȓ ȕȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍȍ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍ ȟȍȔ ȐșȗȣȚȈȓ ȌȖȓȎ-
ȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ǪȈȓȈȈȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ ȖșȓȐȞȈ ǶȕȈ ȊȣȕțȓȈ șȐ-
ȋȈȘȍȚț ȐȏȖ ȘȚȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȓȈ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ, ȉȍȏ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ
șȓȍȌȈ ȊȣȋȖȊȖȘȈ ȒȖȒȕȐ
— Ǫȣ ȒȈȎȍȚȍșȤ Ȕȕȍ țȔȕȣȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ — ȧ ȉȣ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ, Ȋȣ Ȋ ȕȍ-
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȘȖȌȍ țȟȍȕȣȑ Ǫ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȒȘȈȧȝ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȈȟȍȑ ȖȌȕȖ-
ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ țȟȍȕȣȔȐ DzȈȒ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȉȣȚȤ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȐȌȐȖ-
ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȖșȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȥȚȐȔ ȕȍ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ".. ǷȖȔȕȐȚȍ
ȟȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ Ȋ ©DzȘȖȠȒȍ ǬȖȘȘȐȚª ȥȚȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȔȐșș ǻȥȑȌ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȔț
ȚțȗȐȞȍ DzȓȍȕȕȥȔț" Dz șȓȖȊț ȧ ȟȈșȚȖ ȏȈȌȈȊȈȓȈșȤ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȔ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȓ
ȓȐ ǬȐȒȒȍȕș ȟȚȖ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȍȚ ȓȍșȉȐȧȕȒț ǵț Ȗ ȓȦȌȧȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȝȖȌȧȚ Ȓ ȕȈȔ Ȑȏ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȣȝ ȔȍșȚ ȗȖ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔ ȌȖȘȖȋȈȔ Ȑ Ȗ ȚȖȔ
ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȌȍȓȈȦȚ ș ȕȈȔȐ Ȑ Ȕȣ ș ȕȐȔȐ" ǪȖȗȘȖș ȉțȌț ȓȐ ȧ ȗȘȖȌȖȓ-
ȎȈȚȤ ȥȚȐȔ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȖȚȕȖȠȍ-
ȕȐȧ Ǫ ȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȥȚȖ ȏȈȊȐșȐȚ ȖȚ ȊȈș ȐȓȐ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȖȚ ȚȖȑ ȕȐ-
ȟȚȖȎȕȖȑ ȘȖȓȐ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȋȣ ȐȋȘȈȍȚȍ Ȋ ȕȍțȔȖȓȐȔȖȔ ȗȖȚȖȒȍ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎ-
ȕȣȝ ȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȑ
ȇ ȉȣȓ ȖȠȍȓȖȔȓȍȕ ǵȈșȚȈȓȈ ȔȖȧ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ șȐȌȍȚȤ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ
ȕȍȍ ȘȈȏȐȕțȊ ȘȖȚ
— Ǫ ȖȉȡȍȔ «ȏȈȔȈȝȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȍȓȧ ȉȘȖșȒȈ ȕȖ ș ȘȈȏȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȖ-
ȓȍȑª *, — Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȊȏȧȊ șȖ șȚȖȓȈ ȔȖȑ ȗȖȘȚșȐȋȈȘ ȐȏȊȓȍȒȓȈ ȕȖȊțȦ șȐ-
* ɐɢɬ ɢɡ ©ɋɦɟɪɬɢ Ⱥɪɬɭɪɚª Ⱥ Ɍɟɧɧɢɫɨɧɚ ɉɟɪ Ƚ Ʉɪɭɠɤɨɜɚ

39
ȋȈȘȍȚț ȏȈȒțȘȐȓȈ ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ©șȗȈșȐȉȖª Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȈ ȗȖȌȗȍ-
ȘȍȊ ȗȖȌȉȖȘȖȌȖȒ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— DzȈȒ ȊȖ ȐȔȧ ȊșȍȋȖ șȊȧȚȖȋȖ Ȋȣ ȌȖȠȓȐ ȌȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ" Ǫȣ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ
ȝȖȘȖȠȐ Ȍȓȧ
— Ƕȑ! ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȑȚȍ — ȚȈȒ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȚ Ȋșȍ ȔȐșșȐȖȕȍȘȣ
ȉȍșȍȌțȧ ș ȗȈȌȠȐȔȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈȔȐ ǰ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȐȕȈȑȚȍ ǩȖȋȈ Ȋșțȍ — ȍș-
ȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚȍ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȕȍȔ Ȍȓȧ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȕȖȑ Ȋȣ-
ȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȐȓȐ țȌȖȉșȚȊȈ ȒȈȒ Ȍȓȧ ©ȧȉȓȖȒȈª Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȘȐȜȔȖ-
ȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȈȓȜȈȊȐȚȈ
— ǺȖȋȌȈ șȗțșȚȐȔșȧ ș ȕȍȉȍș ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ǫȣ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ
ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȕȈȧ Ȑ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȌȈȎȍ țȚȖȕȟȍȕȕȈȧ Ǫȣ șȓȐȠ-
ȒȖȔ ȝȖȘȖȠȐ Ȍȓȧ ǸȥȚȒȓȐȜȜ-ȝȈȑȊȍȑ ǭșȓȐ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚțȞȐȧ — ȊȈȠȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȏȊȈȕȐȍ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȉȣ ȕȍ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒȖȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ǪȍșȚ-ȅȕȌȍ" ǷȖȟȍ-
Ȕț ȕȍ «ǰȔȗȍȘȐȧ» ȐȓȐ «ǨȓȤȋȈȔȉȘȈ"» (Ǫ Țȍ ȌȕȐ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȍ
©ȗȘȖȔȍȕȈȌȣª Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣ

— ǵȍȊȈȎȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȑ ȋȌȍ ȧ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ — ȊȈș ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȇ ȗȖȗȈ-
ȓȈ Ȋ ȉȍȌț ȕȈ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȍ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȔțȎȟȐȕ — ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ȉȣȓȐ Ȑȏ ȓțȟȠȐȝ ȕȖ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȧșȤ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȑȏ DzȐȚȈȧ ȧ ȉȍ-
ȏțȔȕȖ ȊȓȦȉȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȓȈșȒȈȘȈ Ƕȉȣȟȕȣȑ ȔȈȚȘȖș — ȉȘȖȕȏȖȊȣȑ ȉȖȋ
ȇ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȍȋȖ — Ȑ ȧ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȕȧȓȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ǻ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȕȖ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȣȌȕȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȍȡȍ ȉȣȓȈ
șȗȖșȖȉȕȈ șȚȣȌȐȚȤșȧ
 ȊȏȧȚȤ ȍȋȖ ș șȖȉȖȑ Ȋ ǪȍșȚ-ȅȕȌ ǰ ȧ ȗȖșȍȓȐȓȈșȤ
ș ȕȐȔ ȏȌȍșȤ ǹȈȔȈ ȧ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȍȏȌȐȓȈ Ȋ ǪȍșȚ — ȕȐȒȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ
ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ — ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȎȈȎȌȈȓȈ ȓȦȉȊȐ — ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ —
ȓȦȉȊȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ
— ǮȍȕȡȐȕȣ?
— ǬȈ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȑ ȗȖȌȘțȋȐ ȐȓȐ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȞȣ Ƕ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȧ ȊȈș
ȠȖȒȐȘȖȊȈȓȈ — ȕȖ ȍșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȊȘȈȟ Ȋȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ
ȔȖȎȍȚ ȓȦȉȐȚȤ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ȓțȟȠȍ ȓȦȉȖȋȖ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ
— ǺȈȒ ȗȖȔȐȔȖ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȟȍȋȖ Ȋȣ
— dzȍșȉȐȧȕȒȈ — ȕȍ ȉȖȑȚȍșȤ ȥȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ
— ǵȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ
— ȅȚȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ǴțȎȟȐȕȣ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦȚ Ȗ ȉȖȘȌȍȓȧȝ ȋȌȍ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȔȖȋțȚ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȚȧȚ Ȑ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȋțȚ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȐȚȤ
ȖȚ ȗȖȘȖȟȕȖȑ ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȐȓȍȚȕȍȑ ȔȖȌȕȐȞȣ ȌȖ ȕȍȕȈșȣȚȕȖȑ ȗȧȚȐȌȍ-
șȧȚȐȓȍȚȕȍȑ ǴȍșșȈȓȐȕȣ ǭȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȘȈȏȕȐȞȈ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȐȔȐ Ȑ...
ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȊȍșȤ «ȗȍȘșȖȕȈȓ» — ȓȦȉȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȣ; ȗȖȗȈȌȈȦȚ-
șȧ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȡȐȞȣ Ȑ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȠȐ ȕȖ Ȋ ȖșȕȖȊȕȖȔ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȣȍ ȎȍȕȡȐ-
ȕȣ Ǫȣ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ șȓȣȝȈȓȐ Ȗ ȌȖȔȍ ȹ  ȕȈ DzȍȕȚȍȘȉȍȘȐ-șȒȊȍȘ ȕȍ
ȚȈȒ ȓȐ" ǪȘȧȌ ȓȐ Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ, — ȕȖ ȧ ȚțȌȈ ȕȍ ȝȖȌȐ-
ȓȈ ȧ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȐȚȈȓȈ ȏȈȊȖȌȐȚȤ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȘȖȔȈȕȣ

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— ǸȖȔȈȕȣ
— Ƕ ȌȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȤȚȍ șȍȉȍ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȗȖșȓȍ
ȏȌȍȠȕȐȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȚȤșȧ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȋ ȖȔȕȐȉțșȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ,
ȒȈȒ șȖȗȘȐȒȈșȈȦȚșȧ ȉȍȌȘȈ ȒȈȒ ȕȖȋȈ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȉțȌȚȖ șȓțȟȈȑ-
ȕȖ... ǪȐȌȍȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȡȐȞȈ ȒȘȈșȕȍȍȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȘț-
ȟȈȍȚ Țȍȉȍ ȗȈȒȍȚ Ȑ Țȣ șȎȐȔȈȍȠȤ ȍȍ ȘțȒț ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȝ șȓȖȊ
— ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ șȕȖȊȈ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȣȗȐȚȤ ȟȈȦ,
Ȉ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȖțȎȐȕȈȚȤ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ ȕȖȟȤ Ȋ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȈȌȖȓȋȖ Ȗș-
ȚȈȊȐȚ Țȍȉȧ ȗȖȚȘȧșȍȕȕȖȑ șȖȕȕȖȑ Ȑ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ
— Ǵȕȍ ȥȚȖ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ țȎȈșȕȣȔ
— ȅȚȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ
— ȗȖ-ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȔț ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȕȈȧ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ǶȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȔțȎȟȐ-
ȕȣ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȦȚ ȕȖ Țȍ ȒȚȖ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣ
— ǵȖ ȘȈȏȊȍ Ȋȣ ȗȖȕȈȟȈȓț Ȑȝ ȕȍ țȎȈșȈȍȚȍ"
— ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ Ǵȣ țȏȕȈȍȔ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ Ȋ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȖȒȈ ǴȖȍȑ șȈ-
ȔȖȑ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ ȉȣȓȈ ȌȍȊȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȐȓȍȚȕȧȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ
— ȌȖȟȤ ȗȥȘȈ Ƕ ǶȕȈ țȟȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȑ ȠȒȖȓȍ — Ȋ ȗȈȕșȐȖȕȍ Ȍȓȧ
ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȣȝ ȌȍȊȐȞ, — Ȑ ȚȈȔ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȈ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȍ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȔȖ-
ȋț ȊȈȔ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȇ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓȈșȤ ș ȍȍ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ Ƕ ȌȈ ȧ țȔȍȦ ȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȤșȧ ȘȍșȗȍȒȚȈȉȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȖȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȝȖȟț Ȑ ȊȖȚ ȧ țȊȍȏȓȈ
ȍȍ ȕȈ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȦ ǬȍȘȎț ȗȈȘȐ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȔȕȐȚ ȥȚȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȧ Ǩ
ȗȖȚȖȔ — ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȓ ȔȖȍȑ șȒȖȚȐȕȍ Ǫ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ Ȗȕ ȉȣ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȉȣ ȟȚȖ ȧ țȠȓȈ ȘȈȌȐ Ȍȍȕȍȋ
 Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓșȧ ȉȣ ȈȌ — Ȑ ȠȈȕȚȈȎ ǷȖȒȈ ȝȊȈȚȈȓȖ ȔȖȐȝ șȘȍȌșȚȊ Ȕȣ ȎȐȓȐ Ȋ
ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȓȐȟȕȖȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ Ȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȖ,
ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȋȘțȉ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȐȏȉȐȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ — Ȕȕȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȘȈ-
ȊȐȓȖșȤ. Ǩ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȘȈȏȊȘȈȚȕȣȑ! ȇ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț ȟȚȖȉȣ ț ȊȈș ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȊșȚȈ-
ȓȐ ȌȣȉȖȔ ȇ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȓȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȝ ȒȕȐȋ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȑ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȍȑ,
Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ Ȋșȍ ȋȘȈȕȐ ȗȖȘȖȒȈ. ǵȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȌȍȓȈȓ
șȖ ȔȕȖȑ — Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ǫȖȊȖȘȦ ȊȈȔ ǹȖȌȖȔ Ȑ ǫȖ-
ȔȖȘȘȈ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȊȏȧȚȣȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȍȔ ȚȘȈȗȗȐșȚȖȊ ȗȖ șȘȈȊȕȍ-
ȕȐȦ ș ȕȈȠȐȔ ȌȖȔȖȔ ǰ ȍȋȖ ȌȘțȏȤȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȓ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ
— Ȑ Ȑȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȍ Ǫȣ ȓȦȌȐ Ȓ ȏȈȗȈȌț ȖȚ ǿȈȕșȍȘȐ-ȓȍȑȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ
șȍȉȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȗȖȘȖȒȈȔ ȗȘȍȌȈȦȚșȧ ȓȈșȒȈȘȣ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȔȈ-
ȓȈȑȞȣ, ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȍ ȐșȗȈȕȞȣ-ȗȖȓțȒȘȖȊȒȐ, ȕȍȋȘȣ ȔțȓȈȚȣ Ȋșȍȝ
ȔȈșȚȍȑ Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȖȘȋȐȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȒȚȖ Țȣ — ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȐȓȐ
ȏȊȍȘȤ ǹȟȈșȚȤȍ ȍȡȍ ȟȚȖ ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȌȈȊȈȚȤ șȖȊȔȍ-
șȚȕȖȍ ȗȖȚȖȔșȚȊȖ
ǹȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ ȋȖȘȤȒȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȗȘȖȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȈ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȋțȉȈȝ
— ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȔȖȑ ȌȘțȋ — ȉȍȏȏȈȉȖȚȕȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ — Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȍ-
Țȍ, ȒȖȋȖ Ȋȣ ©șȗȈșȓȐª

ǴȖȐ ȊȖȓȖșȣ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȊșȚȈȓȐ ȌȣȉȖȔ ǷȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȧ Ȗȡț-
ȚȐȓ ȒȈȒ ȒȖȎȈ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȗȖȝȖȓȖȌȍȓȈ Ȑ șȎȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȕȈ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ Ȋșȍ ȘȈșȗȓȣȓȖșȤ
— ȅȚȖ țȎȈșȕȖ DzȈȒ Ȋȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȊȣȕȍșȚȐ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȚȍȘȗȍȓȐ"
— Ǵȕȍ ȕȘȈȊȐȓȖșȤ
— ǿȚȖ"
— ȇ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋȣ ȗȐȚȈȓȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȓȐȉȖ ȐȓȓȦȏȐȐ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȘȈșȒȈȧȊȠȍȑșȧ ȋȘȍȠȕȐȞȣ ǰ ȧ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȐȓȈ ȏȈ ȥȚȖ — ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ ȇ
ȏȈȗȓȈȚȐȓȈ ȏȈ Ȋșȍ DzȖȋȌȈ ȔȖȐ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȒȖȕȟȐȓȐșȤ — ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖ-
ȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȍȍȕȍȋ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȖșȤ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ — ȧ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓȈ ȚȖȕțȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȈșȚȤ ȕȐȎȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȖ Țȣ ȍȡȍ șȘȈȊ-
ȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȚȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍșȚȤ ȟȍȔ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȐȚȤ ȇ ȖȗțșȒȈȓȈșȤ Ȋșȍ
ȕȐȎȍ Ȑ ȕȐȎȍ șȈȔȣȍ ȖȚȢȧȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȌȖȕȒȐ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȖȉȖ
Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȍ ȖȗȐȓȒȐ Ȓ ȔȈȋȕȐȚț ǩȍȎȈȚȤ
ȉȣȓȖ țȎȍ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ȇ șȚȈȓȈ ©ǹȈȓȓȐ-ǯȊȍȘȐȕȞȍȔª — ȓȦȉȐȔȐȞȍȑ ȏȊȍ-
Șȍȑ, ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ — Ȑ ȊȖȚ ȋȌȍ ȧ șȍȑȟȈș ȇ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȊȈȔ
ȗȘȈȊȌț: ȕȐ ȖȌȕȈ țȊȈȎȈȦȡȈȧ șȍȉȧ ȠȓȦȝȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȚ șȍȉȍ ȏȈȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȚȤ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȟȐșȚȣȑ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȗȖȒȈȎȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȟȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȕȐ șȘȈȏț ȖȚȚȍșȕȧȚ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȕȈȉȘȖ-
șȧȚșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ șȚȈȕțȚ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȍȔț ȊșȧȒȐȍ ȊȍȡȐ — Ȋ ȖșȕȖȊ-
ȕȖȔ ȗȘȈȊȌț ǩȖȓȍȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȕȍ ȗȖȑȌȍȚ ș ȔțȎȟȐȕȖȑ
ȍșȓȐ țȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ǬȈȎȍ șȘȍȌȐ țȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȗȘȖșȚȐ-
ȚțȚȖȒ ȍșȚȤ șȊȖȐ țȘȖȊȕȐ ȘȍșȗȍȒȚȈȉȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ — ȉȖȦșȤ ȧ ȖȚȊȍȘȎȍȕ-
ȕȈȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȑȠȍȑ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȐ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȈȒ-
ȚȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ǸȥȚȒȓȐȜȜ-ȝȈȑȊȍȑ ȇ ȘȍȌȒȖ ȉȣȊȈȦ șȣȚȈ — Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣ
șȦȌȈ ȕȍ ȗțșȚȐȓȐ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȋȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȐ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ,
ȗȖȟȍȔț ȧ șȖȉȐȘȈȦșȤ ȗȖȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ ș șȖȉȖȑ ǭșȓȐ ȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ șȌȍȓȈȦ
ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ ȏȊȍȘȍȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ țȉȤȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ǪȐȌȐȚȍ ȥȚȖȚ ȠȘȈȔ"
— Ȑ ȖȕȈ șȚȧȕțȓȈ ȉȓțȏȒț ș ȗȓȍȟȈ. — ǸȈȉȖȚȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȋȖȘȐȓȓȣ — ȧ
ȗȣȚȈȓȈșȤ țȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ǺȈȒ ȟȚȖ ș Ȕȍȕȧ ȝȊȈȚȐȚ ǪȈȔ ȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ
ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȘȈȊȈ"
ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ Ǵȍȕȧ ȗȈȘȈȓȐȏȖȊȈȓ țȎȈș ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȖȚ
ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ Ȗȉ ȥȚȐȝ ȕȍȊȣȘȈȏȐȔȣȝ ȏȊȍȘșȚȊȈȝ
ȇ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȍȍ șȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ ȊȗȖȓȋȖȓȖșȈ:
— ǪȈȔ ȥȚȖ ȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ
— ǬȈ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ǵȖ ȧ ȉȖȦșȤ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȉȖȦșȤ — Ȑ ȖȕȈ
ȏȈȒȘȣȓȈ ȓȐȞȖ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ
ȇ șȐȌȍȓ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ — ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ-ȚȖ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȖȕȈ
ȉȣȓȈ ȗȈȞȐȍȕȚȒȖȑ ȗșȐȝȐȈȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȒȓȐȕȐȒȐ ș ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȖȑ ȗȈȚȖ-
ȓȖȋȐȍȑ ǰ ȚțȚ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȗȘȐȠȓȈ țȎȈșȕȈȧ ȕȖ ȌȖȕȍȓȤȏȧ șȖȉȓȈȏ-
ȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ ǫȍȗȈȘȌ
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ǹ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȉȤȦȡȐȔșȧ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ ȧ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȕȈȡțȗȣȊȈȚȤ ȗțȚȤ
— ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ. — ǵȖ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȦșȤ Ȋȣ Ȕȍȕȧ șȚȘȈȠ-
ȕȖ ȏȈȐȕȚȘȐȋȖȊȈȓȐ
— ǷȘȈȊȌȈ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ ȋȓȈȏȈ — ǸȈȏȊȍ ȊȈȔ
ȕȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȖ"
ǯȈȚȍȔ ȖȕȈ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓȈ:
— ǰȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖ ǿȚȖ Ȏ ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ Ȋȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȣ ȚȈȒȐȔ Ȏȍ ȗȖȘȖȟ-
ȕȣȔ ȒȈȒ ȓȦȉȖȑ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȊȣȗȈȌȐ ȊȈȔ ȠȈȕș Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ Ȋȣ-
ȗȓȣȓȈ ȕȈȘțȎț
— Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȚȈȒ?
— Ƕ Ȕȕȍ-ȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȧ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȔȕȖȋȖȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ ǵȖ ȧ țȌȐȊ-
ȓȍȕ — Ȋȣ, ș ȊȈȠȐȔ ȟȖȗȖȘȕȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ țȟȍȕȖȋȖ
ȇ ȕȈ ȔȐȋ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț ȊȍȟȕȖȔț ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȦ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȧȓ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȇ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ
ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚșȧ. ǰ ȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǷȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȐȔ ȧ Ȑ ȍșȚȤ țșȚȈȓȣȑ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȗȖȊȍșȈ ș ȚȈȑȕȣȔȐ
ȗȘȐșȚȘȈșȚȐȧȔȐ" ǷȘȍșȣȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȊșȍȔȐ ȖȉȣȟȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȘȖȒȈȔȐ" ǰ
ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȐȔ ȧ șȒȈȎț ȊȈȔ ©ǵȍ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȓȐ țȍȝȈȚȤ ȖȚșȦȌȈ Ȑ ȗȖșȍ-
ȓȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ" ȇ ȕȈȏȕȈȟț ȊȈȔ Ȋ ȏȈȊȍȡȈȕȐȐ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕțȦ șțȔ-
Ȕț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȖȋȘȈȌȐȚ ȊȈș ȖȚ ȕțȎȌȣ Ȋ șȓțȟȈȍ ȔȖȍȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȇ Ȍȍȑ-
șȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȟȍȕȣȑ — ȗȖȘȖȟȕȣȑ ȍșȓȐ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ Ǵȕȍ ȉȣ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ
ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ ȕȈ ȊȈș ȊșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȍ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚȣ». ǿȚȖ ȉȣ Ȋȣ ȖȚȊȍȚȐ-
ȓȐ"— ȇ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȉȣ ȒȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȧȕȒȐ ©ǬȈȊȈȑ șȦȌȈ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘª
Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȝțȎȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ țȎȍ șȖȚȊȖ-
ȘȐȓȈ ș șȖȉȖȑ ǰ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȖȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȖȚ
Ȋșȍȑ ȥȚȖȑ ȚȖȓȗȣ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȕȈȟȕȍȔ"
Ǵȣ ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȍȡȍ ș ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȧ țȠȍȓ ǶȕȈ ȌȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ
ȈȌȘȍș Ȍȓȧ ȗȐșȤȔȈ — ȌȖ ȊȖșȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȐȧ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȔȍșȧȞ ȖȕȈ ȗȖșȍȓȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȒȖȚȚȍȌȎȍ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȝȖ-
ȌȐȓȈșȤ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȔȖȧ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤșȒȈȧ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȧ ǻ ȕȍȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ȖȉȡȈȚȤșȧ ș ȔȍșȚȕȣȔȐ ȎȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ Ȋ Ȟȍ-
ȓȧȝ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒȈ ȖȕȈ ȊȣȌȈȓȈ
șȍȉȧ ȏȈ ȔȖȓȖȌțȦ ȊȌȖȊț Ȑ ȕȈȏȊȈȓȈșȤ ȔȐșșȐș DzȓȍȑȚȖȕ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ șȘȈ-
ȏț Ȏȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȔȍȟȍȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ ȗȖ ȔȖȍȑ ȐȕȐ-
ȞȐȈȚȐȊȍ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȉȣȊȈȓ Ȋ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ ȖȕȈ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȗȘȐ-
șțȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ǮȐȚȍȓȐ șȌȍȓȈȓȐ șȊȖȐ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ Ȑ
ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȣȍ ȊȣȊȖȌȣ ȕȖ ȗȖșȒȖȓȤȒț ȧ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȓ ȓȦȉȣȍ
ȗȖȗȣȚȒȐ ȈȉȖȘȐȋȍȕȖȊ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȓȐȉȖ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ
ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ȥȚȖ ȕȈș ȕȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȓȖ

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ǻȘșțȓȈ DzȓȍȑȚȖȕ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ȗȖȏȈȌȐ Ȋ ǰșȚ-ȅȕȌȍ Ȋșȍ șȓȍȌȣ șȊȖȍȑ
«ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ» ȒȈȘȤȍȘȣ ȈȒȞȍȕȚ șȓȖȊȈȘȕȣȑ ȏȈȗȈș Ȑ ȔȈȕȍ-
Șȣ DzȖȋȌȈ ȔȖȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȔȖȐȔ ȈșșȐșȚȍȕȚȖȔ
ǸȍȒșȖȔ ǴȥȋȓȐ șȚȈȕȍȚ ȔȖȐȔ ȌțȠȍȗȘȐȒȈȏȟȐȒȖȔ) ȏȈȊȍȘȐȓ ȍȍ ȟȚȖ ȍȑ
Ȋ ȓȦȉȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȉțȌȍȚ Ȗȉȍșȗȍȟȍȕ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȌȖȝȖȌ ȖȕȈ ȖȚȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȊșȧȒȖȑ șȌȍȘȎȈȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧȝ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ǬȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ
ȕȈȠȐ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȚȧȕțȚȣȔȐ ȖȕȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍ
ȔȖȋȓȈ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȉȓȦșȚȐ ȍȍ Ȑȕ-
ȚȍȘȍșȣ Ȉ ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȗȖȘȈȏȊȓȍȟȤșȧ ș ȕȍȑ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǶȕȈ ȗȘȍ-
ȊȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȗȖȐșȚȐȕȍ ȊȖșȝȐȚȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȤȖȕȒț ȇ ȉȣȓ ȝȖȓȖș-
ȚȧȒȖȔ Ȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȈȕȈȝȖȘȍȚȖȔ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ǻȘșțȓȣ DzȓȍȑȚȖȕ
ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȔ ȕȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȓȖ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ ȊȖ
Ȋșȍȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧȝ ǷȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȧ țȏȕȈȓ ȍȍ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȝȖȚȧ
Ȑ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȒȈșȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț ȗȖȊȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȦ ȗȘȖȓȐȊȈȍȚ șȊȍȚ
ȕȈ ȍȍ ȕȍȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕțȦ șȍȒșțȈȓȤȕȖșȚȤ.
Ǫ ȊȖșȤȔȐȌȍșȧȚȣȝ ȋȖȌȈȝ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȋȖ ȊȍȒȈ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȔȕȧȚ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȚȈ-
Șȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȋȖȘȧȟȈȧ ȊȖȓȕȈ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȝ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ
ȗȖȘȖȒȖȊ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒțȍȔȣȝ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖ Ȑ ȉȍȏȏȈșȚȍȕȟȐȊȖ, ȏȈȝȓȍșȚ-
ȕțȓȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȍ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ǺȖ ȉȣȓ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚ ȥșȚȍȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȔȍ-
ȠȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȚȍșȕȖ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȖȋȖ ș ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ǶșȒȈȘȈ ǺȈȑȓȤȌȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
Ȋ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȔ șȟȍȚȍ Ȋ ȌȍȊȧȕȖșȚȣȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȐȓ ȏȈ Ȋșȍȝ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ
țȔȍȘ ȗȖȌ ȋȕȍȚȖȔ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȏȖȘȈ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȊȈȚȕȣȔ ȊȖș-
ȝȐȡȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȐȝ ǶȉșțȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȋȖȔȖșȍȒșțȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȣȝ șȊȧ-
ȏȍȑ ȔțȎȟȐȕ Ȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȦȡȐȝ ȊȐȌȕȖȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȋ Ȗȉȡȍ-
șȚȊȍ Ȋ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ șȚȈȓȖ ȖȉȣȟȕȣȔ ȌȍȓȖȔ ǶȌȕȐȔ șȓȖ-
ȊȖȔ șȖȌȖȔȐȧ Ȑ ȓȍșȉȐȧȕșȚȊȖ ȉȣȓȐ — sub rosa * — Ȋ ȔȖȌȍ ǪȣȌȈȦ-
ȡȐȔșȧ «ȐȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȞȍȔª ȔțȎșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȈ ȉȣȓ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȗȥȘ ȖȉȓȈ-
ȌȈȊȠȐȑ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȒțșȖȔ Ȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȖȔ Ȋ ȍȋȖ
ȏȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȋȖȔȖșȍȒșțȈȓȐșȚȣ ȖȉȖȐȝ ȗȖȓȖȊ Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ
Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȐ «ȖȘȋȐȐ» Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ș ȏȈȔȐ-
ȘȈȕȐȍȔ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȋ șȈȔȣȝ ȔȖȌȕȣȝ ȉțȌțȈȘȈȝ ǪȐȌȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ
Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓȈ ȖȌȕȈ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȏȕȈȚȕȈȧ ȌȈȔȈ Ȋ ȟȤȐȝ Șț-
ȒȈȝ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ǶȕȈ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȣȊȈȓȈ
șȖȉȖȑ ȞȍȕȚȘ ȓȍșȉȐȑșȒȖȋȖ șȖȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȠȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏȢȍȌȈȦ-
ȡȈȧ ȧȏȊȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȒȓȈșșȣ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ǴȈșȒțȓȐȕȕȖșȚȤ ȓȍȌȐ ǯȍȚ
Ȑ ȎȍȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȓȖȘȌȈ ǰȒș ȗȖȌȚȖȓȒȕțȓȐ Ȑȝ ȌȘțȋ Ȓ ȌȘțȋț Ȋ ȘȈȔȒȈȝ
ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȈ Ȋȍȡȍȑ ǶȕȐ șȉȓȐȏȐȓȐșȤ ȚȈȒ
ȚȍșȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȓ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȦ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȚȖȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ȓȍȌȐ ǯȍȚ ȘȖȌȐ-
ȓȈ ȌȍȊȖȟȒț ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȖȒȘȍșȚȐȓȐ ǻȘșțȓȖȑ ǬȍȊȖȟȒț ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐ ȏȈ
* Ȼɭɤɜ ©ɩɨɞ ɪɨɡɨɣª ɥɚɬ.). Ʌɚɬɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɳɟɟ ©ɜɬɚɣɧɟ ɩɨ ɫɟɤ-
ɪɟɬɭª

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ȋȘȈȕȐȞț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȕȈ ȊȖșȗȐȚȣȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ǰȚȈȓȐȐ ǵȈ ȍȍ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȍ Ȑ
ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȈ «ȊȣȌȍȓȍȕȈ» ȗȘȐȓȐȟȕȈȧ șțȔȔȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖȓȕȖ-
șȚȤȦ ȗȍȘȍȠȓȈ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȗȖ ȌȖșȚȐȎȍȕȐȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖȓȍȚȐȧ ǷȘȐ ȚȈȒȖȑ
ȕȈșȓȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȕȍțȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȟȚȖ ǻȘșțȓȈ ȘȈȕȖ ȘȈȏȊȐȓȈ Ȋ șȍȉȍ
șȍȒșțȈȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ désinvolture*, ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ Ȏȍ ȊȣȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȘȖȌȐȚȍ-
ȓȧȔȐ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈȔ ȔȖȋȓȈ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȗȖȚȈȒȈȚȤ șȊȖȐȔ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȕȖ-
șȚȧȔ ǶȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȌȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ șȊȖȦ ȘȈȕȕȦȦ Ȑ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ șȍȒșțȈȓȤ-
ȕțȦ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ ȒȈȒȖȊȈȧ ȕȈș ȕȍ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȏȈ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ
ȖȕȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ ǸȥȚȒȓȐȜȜ-ȝȈȑȊȍȑ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȧ țȎȍ ȏȈȗȐșȈȓ Dz
ȚȖȔț ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ ȗȖșȍȓȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ©ȕȈȠȍȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍª ȍȍ ȗȓȈȔȧ
țȎȍ ȌȖȋȖȘȈȓȖ ȍȍ șȍȒșțȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ șȚȍ-
ȗȍȕȐ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȣ Ȑ Ȋ ȔȈȕȍȘȈȝ Ȑ șȒȓȖȕȕȖșȚȧȝ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ șȓȍ-
ȌȈ ȉțȘȤ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȊȠȐȝ ȍȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȤ ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ
ȒȖȔȗȈȕȤȖȕȒȖȑ țȔȕȖȑ Ȑ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȗȖȌȘțȋȖȑ Ȑ ȊȖșȝȐ-
ȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȞȍȑ
Ǩ ǫȍȗȈȘȌ" Ǵȣ ȕȈȏȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ «DzțȔȈȘ» Ƕȕ ȎȐȓ Ȋ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȌȊțȝ ȌȖ-
ȔȈȝ, ȒȈȒ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ Ȑ ȓȈșȒȖȊȣȑ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȐȑ ȗȐȚȖȔȍȞ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋ-
ȌȈ ǻȘșțȓȈ ȊȍȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȞȍȗȐ Ȑȏ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȑ Ȗȕ ȕȈȊȖȌȐȓ
țȎȈș ȕȈ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ ȉțȌȤ ȚȖ ȓȦȌȐ ȐȓȐ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȍ ȕȖ ȥȚȖ
șȓțȟȈȓȖșȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȍȌȒȖ Ȑ ȎȐȚȍȓȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȐ Ȓ ©ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘșȒȖȔț ȏȖȖȗȈȘȒțª ǷȘȐȊȧȏȈȕȕȖșȚȤ ȔȍȎȌț
DzțȔȈȘȖȔ Ȑ ǻȘșțȓȖȑ ȘȖșȓȈ ȌȍȕȤ ȖȚȖ Ȍȕȧ Ȑ ȗȖȘȖȑ ȧ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȟȚȖ
șȖȉȣȚȐȧ ȉțȌțȚ ȗȘȍȌȊȖșȝȐȡȍȕȣ ȕȖ ǻȘșțȓȈ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȐȕȚȍ-
ȘȍșȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȔȖȍȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȍȎȌȍȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧȔȐ
șȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȗȖȌ țȋȘȖȏț ȍȍ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȣ ȇ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓ șȊȖȑ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚ
șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȧȔ ǴȐȓȕ-ȅȌȊȈȘȌșȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȚȖȐȓȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ
DzțȔȈȘț ȗȘȐȊȐȊȒț ȗȖȌ ȔȍșȚȕȖȑ ȈȕȍșȚȍȏȐȍȑ — ȍȔț Ȑ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȍ
ȔȖȋȓȖ ȗȘȐȑȚȐ ȟȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȑȏ ȕȈș ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȐȚȤ ȍȔț ȉȖȓȤ
ǵȈșȚȈȓ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȈȕȈȓȐȏȣ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ țȌȖ-
ȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ǹȣȊȖȘȖȚȒȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȈ ȒȘȖȊȧȕȣȍ ȚȍȓȤ-
ȞȈ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȉȍȏ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȓȐȉȖ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȖȊ ȋȍȔȖȓȐȏȈ ǶșȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȧ ȗȘȍ-
ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ǻȘșțȓȍ
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ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȍȋȖ ȧ ȖȎȐȌȈȓ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚȈ ǸȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚ ȕȍ-
ȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ ȗȘȍȌȊȐȌȍȚȤ DzȈȒ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒțȦȡȐȑ ȝȐȘțȘȋ ȧ ȉȣȓ
ȖȗȣȚȍȕ Ȋ ȈȒțȠȍȘșȚȊȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ ȗȖ ȗȖȊȖȌț ȘȖȌȖȊ Ȉ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
* Ȼɟɡɡɚɫɬɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɮɪ.).

45
ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓ șȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖ ǭșȓȐ ȧ ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȖȎȐȌȈȓ ȚȈȒ
ȥȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ «ȔȖȕșȚȘȈ» ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖ-
ȏȊȖȓȐȚȤ ȗȘȖȎȐȚȤ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȜȖȘȔȐ-
ȘȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȧ șȖȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȗȘȍȗȈȘȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȖȉȘȈȏ-
ȟȐȒȈ ȧȒȖȉȣ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȚ ȔȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȖȕȍȘȈ Ȋ ǰȕȌȐȐ
ǷȖ ȗȘȖȠȍșȚȊȐȐ ȊșȍȋȖ ȠȍșȚȐ ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ ǻȘșțȓȈ ȘȖȌȐȓȈ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ
șȈȔȣȝ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ șȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȔȓȈȌȍȕȞȍȊ ȎȍȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȈ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ Ȕȕȍ
ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȓȐȉȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ǬȍȊȖȟȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȗț-
ȠȐșȚȖȑ ȕȖ ȕȖȊȖȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȍȚȐ ȟȈșȚȖ ȉȣȊȈȦȚ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ Ȑ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȋ
șȓțȟȈȍ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȖȔ ȚȍȘȧȦȚ ȗțȠȖȒ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȍșȧȞ ȐȓȐ ȌȊȈ ȇ
ȌȖȓȎȍȕ țȗȖȔȧȕțȚȤ ȝȖȚȧ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ șȚȖȓȤ ȊȈȎȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȕȧȓ Ȍȓȧ ǻȘșț-
ȓȣ ȌȖȔ ȕȈ ȦȎȕȖȔ ȗȖȉȍȘȍȎȤȍ ȋȌȍ Ȕȣ ȌȖȎȐȌȈȓȐșȤ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȋȖ șȖȉȣ-
ȚȐȧ ȇ șȈȔ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȓ ȗȘȐ ȘȖȌȈȝ ȌȍȊȖȟȒț Ȕȣ ȏȈȘȍȋȐșȚȘȐȘȖȊȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ
ȕȍȏȈȒȖȕȕȖȘȖȎȌȍȕȕțȦ, ȗȖȌ ȊȣȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȍȑ Ȑ ȕȈȏȊȈȓȐ
ǻȕȐȒȖȑ — ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡȐȔ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ȒȈȒ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ. ǵȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ Ȑ ȘȍȟȐ Ȗȉ țȔȍȘȡȊȓȍȕȐȐ șȚȖȓȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȘȈȏȟȐȒȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ǪȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ Ȍȍ-
ȘȍȊȕȦ ǻȘșțȓȈ ȗȘȐ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȐ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȓȈ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȐ
ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ȊȏȧȓȈ ȗȖȌȒȐȌȣȠȈ Ȑȏ ȘȈȉȖȚ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ
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ȇ ȕȍ ȉțȌț ȌȈȎȍ ȗȣȚȈȚȤșȧ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȐ ȔȣșȓȐ ȗȘȐ ȟȚȍȕȐȐ
ȥȚȖȑ țȎȈșȕȖȑ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȐ ǶȕȐ ȕȍȖȗȐșțȍȔȣ ȇ ȗȖȘȣȊȈȓșȧ țȕȐȟȚȖ-
ȎȐȚȤ ȔȈȕțșȒȘȐȗȚ Ȑ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȗȧȚȤ ȋȘȈȕ ȔȖȘȜȐȧ
ǵȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȖșȔȍȓ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȇ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȝȖȚȧ
țȎȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȘȈșșȊȍȓȖ
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ǬȍȊȖȟȒȈ ȘȖșȓȈ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȑ Ȑ ȖȉȈȧȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȧșȤ ș ȗȖȘȈȎȈȊ-
Ƞȍȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ DzȖȋȌȈ ȍȑ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȓȖșȤ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ ǻȘșțȓȈ Dzȓȍȑ-
ȚȖȕ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓȈ șȊȖȑ ȒȖȚȚȍȌȎ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȍȝȈȓȈ ȎȐȚȤ Ȋ ȌȖȔ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ
DzȖșȔȖȗȖȓȐșȈ ȋȌȍ ȖȕȈ ȎȐȊȍȚ Ȑ șȍȑȟȈș ǷȖșȓȍ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ǻȕȐȒȐ ȧ ȗȘȍ-
ȒȘȈȚȐȓ ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚȣ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ țȊȍȕ-
ȟȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȟȘȍȏȔȍȘȕȣȔ țșȗȍȝȖȔ Ȑ ȘȈȏȌȈȓ Ȋ ȏȖȖȗȈȘȒȐ șȊȖȦ
ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȦ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ǻșȗȍȝ ȒțȓȤȔȐȕȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȋȖ țșȐȓȐȧ ȗȖȊȍȘȋ

Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ țȎȈș Ȑ ȧ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȦ țȎȈșȈȚȤșȧ ǼȐ-
ȏȐȟȍșȒȐ ǻȕȐȒȈ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȖ ȧ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȘȈșȗȖȏ-
ȕȈȦ ȒȖȠȈȟȤȍ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ Ȋ ȔȍȓȒȐȝ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧȝ ȊȒțșȈȝ — ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȍȍ Ȕȍȕ-
ȚȈȓȐȚȍȚȍ ǿȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȊȣȘȈșȚȍȚ" ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȚ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȊȖȍ șȖȏȘȍȊȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȕȈȟȕȍȚșȧ ȍȍ șȍȒșțȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ? ȇ ȌȘȖȎț ȗȘȐ
ȖȌȕȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ǹȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȖȌȕȖ ȍȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ-
ȓȤȏȧ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȚȤ ȊȣȑȚȐ ȏȈȔțȎ DzȈȒ șȒȈȎțȚșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ ȏȈȒȖȕȣ Ǵȍȕ-
Ȍȍȓȧ" ǭȍ ȌȍȚȐ — ȉțȌțȚ ȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȌȍȚȤȔȐ" ǶȚ ȥȚȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȓȍ-
ȌȍȕȍȍȚ ȒȘȖȊȤ DzȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȕȈ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕȍȚ ȗȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȏȘȍȓȖșȚȐ ȕțȎȕȈ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȘȈȌȐȒȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȧ: ȖȊȈȘȐȖȚȖȔȐȧ ȋȐșȚȍȘȥȒȚȖȔȐȧ — ȊȖȚ
ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȌțȔȈȚȤ ǵȖ ȒȈȒ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ ȥȚț ȕȍȖȉȝȖ-
ȌȐȔȖșȚȤ" ǹȖȋȓȈșȐȚșȧ ȓȐ ȝȖȚȤ ȖȌȐȕ ȝȐȘțȘȋ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ ©ȊȣȝȖȓȖșȚȐȚȤª
— șȚȍȘȐȓȐȏȖȊȈȚȤ — șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȏȌȖȘȖȊțȦ ȊȕȍȠȕȍ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕțȦ Ȑ
ȒȘȈșȐȊțȦ ȔȖȓȖȌțȦ ȌȍȊțȠȒț" ȇ ȖȟȍȕȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȦșȤ ǹțȡȍșȚ-
ȊțȍȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȐȕ ȗțȚȤ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȘȈȏȘțȠȐȚ Ȑ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȚ ȔȖȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȑ
ȎȐȏȕȤ ǻȘșțȓȣ ǬȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȒȈ Ȕȣ ȌȊȖȍ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȕȣ ȖȌȕȐ ȏȕȈȍȔ
țȎȈșȕțȦ ȚȈȑȕț ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ǻȕȐȒȐ, Ȕȣ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȕȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȚȘȍȊȖ-
ȎȐȚȤșȧ ǹȈȔȖȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȔ țȋȘȖȎȈȍȚ ȥȚȖ șȗȓȍȚȕȐ ȕȈȠȐȝ șȖ-
șȍȌȍȑ ȊȐȌȧȡȐȝ Ȋ ǻȘșțȓȍ ȊȍȘȕțȦ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȞț ȊȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȍȑ ȗȘȖȜȍș-
șȖȘȈ-ȝȖȓȖșȚȧȒȈ ǵȈ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȧ ȟȈșȚȖ ȎȈȓȍȦ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȎȍȕȐȓșȧ ȕȈ
ǻȘșțȓȍ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ ȍȍ Ȋ DzȖșȔȖȗȖȓȐș — ȚȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȊȕȐ-
ȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȍȍ șȓȍȌȐȚȤ ȏȈ ǻȕȐȒȖȑ Ȑ ȓȐȟȕȖ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ ȚȍȔ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȧ șȍȑ-
ȟȈș ȕȈȗȐȠț ǭșȓȐ ȒȚȖ-ȓȐȉȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȏȈȝȖȟȍȚ ȎȍȕȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ǻȕȐ-
Ȓȍ ȍȔț ȕțȎȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȊșȦ ȗȘȈȊȌț ȅȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ țȎȈșȕȖ Ȑ ȊȖȏ-
ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ șȕȖȊȈ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ǯȈȒȖȕȟȐȚșȧ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ
ȊȣȑȌȍȚ ȕȈȘțȎț ǵȖ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȖȠȍȓȖȔȓȧȦȡȍȍ ȖȚȒȘȣ-
ȚȐȍ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȓȐȉȖ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ ȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ șȔȍȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȈș-
ȚȈȐȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȐ ȊȏȧȚȤ ȍȍ Ȋ Ȏȍȕȣ ȍȋȖ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍ-
ȌȐȚȤ Ȗ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȐ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȍ Ȑ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ ȔȍȘȣ
ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ ȌȍȚȍȑ
ȇ ȔȖȋț țȔȍȘȍȚȤ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȑȌȍȚ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ — ȌȈ ȗȖ-
ȔȖȎȍȚ ȍȑ ǩȖȋ — ȥȚȈ țȎȈșȕȈȧ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȖșȚȤ ȓȧȎȍȚ ȕȈ ǻȘșțȓț Dzȓȍȑ-
ȚȖȕ ǷȖ ȥȚȖȑ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȍ ȧ Ȑ șȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȌȈȕȕȣȍ ȏȈȗȐșȒȐ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ Ȑȝ ȖȚ-
ȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȦȡȐȝ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȧȝ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȈȓ-
ȟȐȊȈȧ ǻȘșțȓȈ șȌȍȓȈȍȚ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȍȍ șȐȓȈȝ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȊȈȌȐȚȤ ȖȚ ǻȕȐ-
ȒȐ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȕȐȒȖȊ ȕȖ ȍșȓȐ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖȧȊȐȚ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖșȚȤ ȍȔț ȕțȎ-
ȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȖȉȖ ȊșȍȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ
ȇ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ
ǷȖȓȤ ǩȈȘȘȖțȌȍȑȓ
ǨȊȋțșȚ 19__.
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47
(ǯȈ ȥȚȐȔ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȣȔ ȜȐȕȈȓȖȔ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȈ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȕȈ ȏȈȗȐșȤ șȌȍ-
ȓȈȕȕȈȧ ȌȍșȧȚȤȦ ȋȖȌȈȔȐ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ.)
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ȇ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȦșȤ Ȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȐ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȋȖȘȧȟȖ ȕȈȌȍȧȓ-
șȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȟȐȚȣȊȈȚȤ ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ Ǫ
ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȍ ȖȌȐȕȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȓȍȚ ǻȕȐȒȈ ȏȈȊȍȘȠȐȓȈ ȗȖȓȖȊȖȍ șȖȏȘȍȊȈȕȐȍ
Ȑ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȖȑ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȑ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȖȑ
ȗȘȖȑȌȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȚȈȌȐȦ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȍ șȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȐșȚȖ-șȔțȋȓȖȋȖ Ȑ ȖȚȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȖȋȖ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ Ǫșȍ ȍȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȒȓȈșșȐȟȍșȒȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȒȈ-
șȈȍȚșȧ ȌȍȔȖȕșȚȘȈȞȐȐ ȍȋȖ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȖȕȈ ȈȉșȖȓȦȚȕȖ ȕȍ șȚȣȌȐȚ-
șȧ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȕȈȋȖȚȣ ǶȕȈ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȈ ȓȍȋȒȐȔ ©ȗȍȘșȐȒȖȊȣȔª ȗțȠȒȖȔ
ȌȍȓȈȦȡȐȔ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȉȍȓȖȒțȘȣȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȚȍȓȤȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȕȖ ȗțȠȖȒ ȥȚȖȚ ț ȕȍȍ șȊȍȚȓȖ-ȘȣȎȍȊȈȚȣȑ Ȑ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ ȠȒțȘț
ȉȍȌȕȖȋȖ DzțȔȈȘȈ ȗȖ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȐ ȒȈȒ ȕȐ ȋȖȘȍșȚȕȖ țȔȍȘȠȍȋȖ
ȖȚ ȔȖȍȑ ȘțȒȐ ȗȖșȓȍ ȍȍ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ
 ǯȌȍșȤ Ȑ ȚȈȔ ș ȉȖȓȍȍ ȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȍȍ
ȘȍȋțȓȧȘȕȣȔȐ ȐȕȚȍȘȊȈȓȈȔȐ ȗțȠȖȒ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ Ȑ ȕȍ-
ȘȖȊȕȣȍ ȒȖȓȤȞȈ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȚȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ ȉȓȐȏȒȖȋȖ Ȓ ȞȊȍȚț ȊȖȓȖș ȕȈ ȍȍ
ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȚȍȔȕȖȋȖ
 ǵȈ ȕȈȠ ȖȗȣȚȕȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȥȚȐ ȒȖȓȤȞȈ
ȎȐȊȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȚ țȏȖȘ ȕȈ ȠȒțȘȍ DzțȔȈȘȈ ǬȘțȋȈȧ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȕȈȧ ȖșȖ-
ȉȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȍȍ ȊȕȍȠȕȖșȚȐ — ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȗȣȠȕȖșȚȤ ȗȖȌȔȣȠȍȟ-
ȕȣȝ Ȑ ȓȖȉȒȖȊȣȝ ȊȖȓȖș ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȘȈȏȘȖșȠȐȝșȧ ȕȖ ȜȍȕȖȔȍȕȈȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȋțșȚȣȝ Ȍȓȧ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ǻ ȕȍȍ ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȕȈ
ȟȍȘȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤ ȕȈșȓȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ǭșȓȐ ȖȕȈ ȉȣ-
ȊȈȍȚ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȈ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȈȍȚșȧ ȘȍȌȒȖ ȐȓȐ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȍȕȈ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȈȍȚ-
șȧ ȍȡȍ ȘȍȎȍ ȐȓȐ ȊȗȈȌȈȍȚ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȓȐȉȖ ȔȐȔȖȓȍȚȕȣȑ ȗȘȐșȚțȗ ȌȍȚ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȖȏȖȘșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖșȓțȠȈȕȐȧ, ȕȈȔ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȏȈȗțșȚȐȚȤ
ȗȈȓȤȞȣ Ȋ ȋțșȚȣȍ ȏȈȊȐȚȒȐ ȗȖȌ ȍȍ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȡȍȒȖȚȈȚȤ Ȑ ȓȈșȒȈȚȤ ȍȍ
ȒȈȒ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ǭȍ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ șȘȈȏț șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȉȍȏȔȧȚȍȎȕȣȔ ȇ
ȕȍȕȈȊȐȎț ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ șȓȖȊȖ ȏȕȈȧ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȌȍȓȈȍȔ
 ȕȖ ȖȕȈ
ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ «ȔțȘȓȣȟȍȚ» ȖȚ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȧ Ȑ, ȍșȓȐ ȔȧȋȒȈȧ ȓȈșȒȈ
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȍȚșȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȏȈșȣȗȈȍȚ
ǶșȕȖȊȕȈȧ ȞȍȓȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȖșȚșȒȘȐȗȚțȔȈ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ șȖșȚȖȐȚ Ȋ ȐȕȖȔ
ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȟȤ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ Ȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖȔț ȊȖȗȘȖșț ǬȍȓȖ
Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȘȈșșȚȘȖȑșȚȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȖȐș-
ȝȖȌȧȚ ȕȍ ȍȎȍȔȍșȧȟȕȖ Ȉ ș ȗȘȖȔȍȎțȚȒȖȔ Ȋ ȚȘȐ-ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ǻȕȐ-
ȒȈ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȎȍȕȈ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȗȖ ȗȘȈȊț ȔȖȎȕȖ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ ȥșȚȘțȔȖȔ, ȉȍ-
ȏțȔȐȍȔ șȍȒșțȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ǽȖȚȧ ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȐ ȖȕȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕ-

48
ȕȖ ȕȍȊȍȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȈ Ȋ șȍȒșțȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈȝ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȊȖ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȐȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧȝ: ȍȍ ȒȘȈșȖȚȈ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ țșȐȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȧȚșȧ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȋțȉȣ ȌȍȓȈȦȚșȧ ȗțȕȞȖȊȣȔȐ
Ȉ șȖșȒȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȥȘȍȒȞȐȐ Ȑ ȐȕȚȍȕșȐȊ-
ȕȖȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ǫ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȌȕȐ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȈ Ȑ ȕȍ-
țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȈ Ȑ ȗȖ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȑ Ȍȓȧ șȍȉȧ șȈȔȖȑ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȍ ȘȊȍȚșȧ
ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȤ ȌȖȔ Ȑ ȖȉȡȈȚȤșȧ ș ȓȦȌȤȔȐ DzȈȒ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȖ Ȏȍ ȖȕȈ ȏȈȔȒȕț-
ȚȈ Ȋ șȍȉȍ Ȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȈ Ȓ ȖȉȡȍȕȐȦ ȌȈȎȍ ș ȔȈȚȍȘȤȦ
Ǫ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȈ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȏȈȚȧȋȐȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȑ ȟȈș-
ȚȖ ȌȓȧȚșȧ ȌȖ ȌȊțȝ ȐȓȐ ȚȘȍȝ ȕȍȌȍȓȤ ȏȈ ȕȍȑ ȕțȎȕȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ
șȓȍȌȐȚȤ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ, ȍȑ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȚȤ ȊșȚțȗȈȚȤ Ȋ ȒȖȕȚȈȒȚ ș
ȔțȎȟȐȕȈȔȐ ǩȍȌȕȖȍ ȌȐȚȧ ȧ țȉȍȎȌȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ șȚȈȓȖ ȉȣ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ ȒȈ-
ȚȈșȚȘȖȜȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ Ȑ țȎȈșȕȣȍ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȣ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȧ ȕȈȔȍȒȕțȓ
ȊȣȠȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȧȒȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȐ ȉȣ ǻȘșțȓȈ DzȓȍȑȚȖȕ șȖȏȕȈȍȚ
ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈ-
ȊȐȚ ǻȕȐȒț ȖȌȕț Ȋ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȝ ǭȍ ȔțȎ ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ ț ȕȍȍ
ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖȧȊȐȚșȧ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȎȌȍȕ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȑ
ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ
ȇ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȓ
ǷȖȓȤ ǩȈȘȘȖțȌȍȑȓ
ǴȈȑ BB.
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Ǫȣ ȟȐȚȈȦȡȐȍ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȕȍ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȧ
ȖȗȐșȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȟȚȍȕȐȍ ȘțȒȖ-
ȗȐșȐ ǩȈȘȘȖțȌȍȑȓȈ ǶȌȕȐȔ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȜȈȒȚȖȔ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧ ȒȈȒ ȕȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȧȊȐȓ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȈ
ȉȣȓ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚ ǻȕȐȒȐ ǹȘȈȊȕȐȊȈȧ ȌȈȚȣ ȏȈȗȐșȐ Ȑ ȗȖșȚșȒȘȐȗȚțȔȈ ǩȈȘ-
ȘȖțȌȍȑȓȈ ȧ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȊșȍȋȖ ȚȘȐȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ
ǹȖȓȕȞȍ șȊȍȚȐȓȖ ȊȖȊșȦ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȋ șȗȈȓȤȕȦ. ǻȕȐȒȈ ȕȍ
ȌȊȐȋȈȓȈșȤ. ǶȕȈ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȗȖȌȓȖȎȐȊ ȗȖȌ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȗȘȈȊțȦ ȘțȒț ȕȖȟȕȈȧ
ȘțȉȈȠȒȈ șȖșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȈ ș ȍȍ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȋȘțȌȐ ȟȤȐ ȕȍȎȕȣȍ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ
ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȈȓȐ Ȓ ȓȈșȒȍ ȇ ȗȘȐȎȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȍȍ ȋȘțȌȐ ȋțȉȈȔȐ Ȑ șȖȔȒȕțȓ Ȑȝ
Ȋ ȌȖȓȋȖȔ ȗȖȞȍȓțȍ ǺȖȕȒȐȑ ȖȗȤȧȕȧȦȡȐȑ ȈȘȖȔȈȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ȔȖȋ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȋȖ ǷȖȌ ȔȖȐȔȐ ȓȈș-
ȒȈȔȐ ȖȕȈ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖșȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ «Ǩȝ ȔȐȓȣȑ ǯȕȈ-
ȟȐȚ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȕȍ șȖȕ ǷȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȑ» ǰ ȖȕȈ ȏȈșȕțȓȈ Ȋ ȔȖȐȝ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧȝ,

49
ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȧșȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ șȗȈȓȈ ȗȖȒȈ șȓțȋȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȍș ȕȈȠ țȚȘȍȕȕȐȑ
ȟȈȑǷȖșȓȍ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȈ ȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȑ ȟȚȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ȌȖ țȚȘȈ Ȑ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȖȚ-
ȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȌȖȓȋțȦ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȐȏȉȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȚțȔȈȕȈ Ȋ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊȍ ǶȕȈ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ:
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȍșȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Țȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȠȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȑȚȐ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ
ȇ șȊȍȘȕțșȤ ȒȈȓȈȟȐȒȖȔ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕȍ Ȑ ȉțȌț ȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȍ
ȇ ȊȣȠȍȓ ǭȍ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ DzȈȒȐȔ Ȗȕ ȉțȌȍȚ" Ǵȣ ș ǩȈȘȘȖțȌȍȑȓȖȔ
ȗȘȖȊȍȓȐ Ȋ șȊȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȌȓȐȕȕțȦ șȍȘȐȦ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚȖȊ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȝ
ș ȕȈșȓȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȚȤ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ
ȕȈșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȐșȚȐȒ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȍȔȣȝ ȗȖ ȎȍȕșȒȖȑ ȓȐȕȐȐ
ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖșȚȤ ȘȍȋȘȍșșȈ ȧ șȖȌȘȖȋȕțȓșȧ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐ
 ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȈȒ-
ȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖȑ — ȗȘȍȌȘȍȠȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȣȊȖȌȖȔ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȌȘțȋȖ-
ȋȖ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ: ȈȉȖȘȚ — ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ ȕȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ
ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȘȖȌȐȚȤșȧ ǶȚ ȕȍȋȖ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȐȏȉȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ȕȍȔȍȌ-
ȓȍȕȕȖ ǻȕȐȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ țȎȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȈ ȊȚȖȘȖȔ ȔȍșȧȞȍ ȉȍȘȍȔȍȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ
ȧ ȊȕȖȊȤ șȖȌȘȖȋȕțȓșȧ ȗȖȌțȔȈȊ Ȗ ȚȖȔ Ȓ ȟȍȔț ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ ȌȈȎȍ
ȊȣȒȐȌȣȠ ȇ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ șȚȖȐȚ șȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ ȏȈȌȈȟȈ ȕȖ ȧ Ȗȉȧ-
ȏȈȕ ȉȣȓ ȍȍ ȘȍȠȐȚȤ Ǫ Țț ȔȐȕțȚț ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȘȍȌȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ Ȋșȍ
ȉȣȓȖ țȎȈșȕȖ Ȑ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ ȖȒȈȎȍȚ ȔȖȍ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȕȈș ȖȉȖȐȝ
ǹȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤ ȗȖȟȊț ȧ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȌȖȒȚȖȘț Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ
ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȌțȔȈȓ ȒȈȒ Ȗ ȕȈȠȍȔ ©șȍȔȍȑȕȖȔ ȊȘȈȟȍª ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȌȖȉ-
ȘȖȑ Ȑ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȖȑ ȌțȠȐ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȌȖȓȋȖȑ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȊ-
ȠȐȑ șȊȖȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț Ƕȕ țșȗȍȠȕȖ Ȑ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȓ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȋ ȕȈȠ
ȔȐȘ Ȑ Ȑȏ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȊȐȊȈȓ ȔȈȚȍȘȧȔ ȏȌȘȈȊȣȑ șȔȣșȓ Ȋ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ ș ȌȍȚ-
șȒȐȔȐ ȕȍȌțȋȈȔȐ Ȑ țȚȍȠȈȓ șȊȖȐȝ ȊȏȘȖșȓȣȝ ȗȈȞȐȍȕȚȖȊ ȗȘȐȚȊȖȘȧȧșȤ,
ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȍȚ Ȋșȍ Ȗȉ Ȑȝ ©șȓțȟȈȧȝª ȕȈ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȓ ȗȘȍȚȍȕȌȖȊȈȚȤ Ȋ
ȖȉȣȟȕȖȑ ȉȍșȍȌȍ ǹ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ, ȒȈȒ ȧ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ Ȋ DzȖșȔȖȗȖȓȐș, Ȕȣ ȗȖȌ-
ȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓȐ ȌȘțȎȍșȒȐȍ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ȇ ȉȣȓ țȉȍȎȌȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȋț ȘȈș-
șȟȐȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚ Ȕȕȍ șȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ș ȔȖȍȑ țȎȈș-
ȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔȖȑ ș șȖȟțȊșȚȊȐȍȔ Ȑ ȚȈȒȚȖȔ ǺȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ
ȖȠȐȉȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓ ȏȈ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȊȖȐȝ ȕȍțȘȧȌȐȞ Ȑ ȐȔȍȕ-
ȕȖ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȕȍȍ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ șȍȑȟȈș ȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ șȒȈȕȌȈȓț ȘȈȏȖȉ-
ȓȈȟȍȕȐȦ Ȉ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ Ȑ Ȓ ȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȝțȌȠȍȔț
ȇ Ȑ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȖȡțȡȈȓ ȉȍȏȖȠȐȉȖȟȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȐ ȖșțȎȌȍȕȐȧ, ș ȒȈ-
ȒȐȔ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐ Ȋ DzȖșȔȖȗȖȓȐșȍ ©ȗȖȝȐȡȍȕȐȍª ǻȕȐȒȐ Ȑ șȈȔȖțȉȐȑ-
șȚȊȖ ǻȘșțȓȣ DzȓȍȑȚȖȕ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȍȊȠȍȍ — Ȋ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȓȐȉȖ
ȐȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȧ — ȗȘȧȔȣȔ șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍȔ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȈ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ
șȖȏȕȈȊȈȓ Ȑ ȕȍȌȖȖȞȍȕȐȊȈȓ ȊșȦ ȋȓțȉȐȕț ȥȚȖȋȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ǼȐ-
ȠȍȘ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ș ȖȚșȚȘȈȕȍȕȕȣȔ șțȘȖȊȣȔ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȔțȡȍȕȕȣȔ
ȊȐȌȖȔ ǪȐȌȧ Ȑ ©ȕțȚȘȖȔª ȖȡțȡȈȧ ȍȋȖ șȚȘȈȕȕțȦ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖșȚȤ ȧ ȚȍȔ
ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ țȉȍȌȐȓ șȍȉȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȕȍȘȊȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍ-

50
ȕȐȧ ȗȖȗȘȖșȚț ȗȘȍțȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȦ ȓȦȉțȦ ȔȍȓȖȟȤ — Ȑ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȊȍșȚȐ ȕȈȠț ȉȍșȍȌț ȕȈ ȗȖȓțȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȖȕȈȓȤȕțȦ ȖșȕȖȊț
— ȇ ȝȖȟț ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ș ȊȈȔȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — Ȗ ȔȖȍȑ Ȏȍȕȍ
— ǬȈ"
Dz șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȦ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȍ Ȑ ȕȍ
șȖȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȚȤșȧ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȗțȚȐ
— ǶȕȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȖȓȖȌȈ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȔȖȓȖȎȍ ȟȍȔ ȧ ȌțȔȈȓ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ-
ȕȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ
— ǰ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȒȈȒ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȑ ȌȘțȋ ǩȈȘȘȖțȌȍȑȓȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ
ȏȕȈȚȤ ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȑ ȓȍȚ"
ȇ ȗȘȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȔȐȔȖ țȠȍȑ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— Ƕȕ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȕȕȍ Ȗ șȊȖȐȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧȝ ș ȔȐșșȐș
DzȓȍȑȚȖȕ ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȐȕ ȘȈȏ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ Ȕȣ șȓțȟȈȑ-
ȕȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȗȖȓȦȉȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȈ
ǬȖȒȚȖȘ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȖȒȕț Ǵȕȍ șȓȍȌȖ-
ȊȈȓȖ ȉȣ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓ
— Ǵȍȕȧ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȚ ȍȍ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍ — șȓȍȗȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȧ. — ǻ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȍșȚȤ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȚȤ ȥȕȌȖȔȍȚȘȐȚ ǷȖȒȈ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ
ȗȖȒȖȕȟȍȕȖ — ȝȐȘțȘȋȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȗțȚȍȔ — ȌȍȚȖȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȊȐȌȐȚșȧ Ȕȕȍ
ȕȍȎȍȓȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ
Ƕȕ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ȔȖȓȟȈȓ Ȑ ȧ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ
— ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ șȖȋȓȈșȐȚșȧ ȓȐ ȖȕȈ ȕȈ ȖȉșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȉȍȏ ȌȖȓȋȐȝ
țȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ ȕȖ ȧ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȉȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋȣ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȊȍȓȐ
— ǻ ȊȈș ȍșȚȤ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȔȍȕȕȈ?
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȒȖȘȍȍ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȟȍȔ ȊȖȗȘȖș
— ǬȈ ǰ ȍșȓȐ ȧ ȗȘȈȊ ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȉȍȘȍȔȍȕȕȖșȚȐ șȓȍȌțȍȚ... Ȑȏ-
ȉȍȋȈȚȤ... ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ
Ƕȕ ȊșȚȈȓ șȖ șȚțȓȈ, ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȖȒȕț Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȗȘȖșȚȖȧȓ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȔȐ-
ȕțȚȣ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȊȠȍȑșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȊȍȟȕȖșȚȤȦ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ,
ȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȗȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǷȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ǴȥȋȓȐ ȧ ȉțȌț ș ȊȈȔȐ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȍȕ Ǫȣ ȏȕȈȍ-
Țȍ — Ȉ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍȚ ȚȖ ȊȈȔ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȏȕȈȚȤ, — ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȗȘȍȖȉ-
ȓȈȌȈȍȚ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ Ȋ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȐ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ ȐȉȖ
Ȋȣ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓȐ șȍȉȍ ȏȈȉȘȈȚȤ ț ȔȈȚȍȘȐ Ȑ țȊȍȏȚȐ ȔȖȓȖȌțȦ ȌȍȊțȠȒț
ȏȕȈȑȚȍ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ țșțȋțȉȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ șȊȧȏȐ ș
țȎȈșȕȣȔȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȧȔȐ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȈ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȚ ȕȐ ȕȈȔȍ-
ȘȍȕȐȧ ȕȐ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ șțȌȐȚȤ ȊȈș ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȥȚȐȔȐ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈȔȐ ȏȈȕȐ-
ȔȈȍȚșȧ ȊȈȠȈ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ șȖȊȍșȚȤ Ȑ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȈȊȐȌțȦ ȊȈȠȐȔ ȘȈȏȔȣȠ-
ȓȍȕȐȧȔ ǵȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋȣ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚȍ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉȍȏ ȖȉȐȕȧȒȖȊ ȗȘȍȌȓȈ-
ȋȈȍȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȐȏȉȈȊȐȚȤ ȊȈș ȖȚ ȗȘȧȔȣȝ ȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȑ Ȑ ȕȍțȌȖȉșȚȊ ȗȘȖȊȍ-
Ȍȧ ȈȉȖȘȚ ǷȘȖȠț ȊȈș ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȘȈȏ Ȑ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȒȈȚȍȋȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐ
ȖȚȒȈȏȣȊȈȦșȤ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȓȐȉȖ țȟȈșȚȐȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ǭșȓȐ ȊȈ-

51
ȠȈ ȎȍȕȈ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚșȧ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȧ șȌȍȓȈȦ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȓȦȉȣ-
ȔȐ ȌȖșȚțȗȕȣȔȐ Ȕȕȍ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈȔȐ ȏȈȡȐȚȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȖȚ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȓȐȉȖ ȗȖșȧ-
ȋȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ ȕȈȔ ȓțȟȠȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȏȈȊȍȘȠȐȚȤ
ȥȚț ȉȍșȍȌț ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ Ȕȣ ȖȉȈ șȒȈȎȍȔ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȍȡȍ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȊȗȖ-
șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȗȖȎȈȓȍȚȤ ȇ șȖȊȍȚțȦ ȊȈȔ ȏȈȉȣȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȠ ȘȈȏȋȖ-
ȊȖȘ ȐȔȍȓ ȔȍșȚȖ ȕȖ ȐȔȍȑȚȍ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȈȉțȌț
ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ȗȍȘȍșȍȒ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ ǴȖȋț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ
ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȖȏȖȘȕȖ șȉȍȎȈȓ
***
ǿȚȖ ȗȖȌȍȓȈȍȠȤ — ȧ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓ ȒȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕțȦ ȖȠȐȉ-
Ȓț ǭșȓȐ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȚȤșȧ ȚȖ-
ȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ — Ȑ ȕȈ ǻȕȐȒț
Ǫ ȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ ǻȕȐȒȈ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ Ȋ ȔȖȐȝ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧȝ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕȍ Ȑ ȧ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȣȟȕȖ ȓȈșȒȈȧ ȟțȌȍșȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ț ȕȍȍ ȗȖȌ ȔȣȠȒȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȊȍȓ ȍȍ Ȋ
șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖȋȖ ȥȒșȚȈȏȈ. ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȕȈȟȈȓ
ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ șȗȘȖșȐȊ
— Ǻȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ ȘȖȌȐȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ"
— ǵț ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȒȈȒ Țȣ ȔȖȎȍȠȤ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȚȤ? ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȠȤ,
ȒȈȒȐȔ Ȗȕ ȉțȌȍȚ
ǻȊȣ ȔȖȍ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȌȍȑșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ Ȑ ȚȖȟȕȣȔ
Ȑ ȘȐșȖȊȈȓȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ țȎȈșȕȣȍ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ ȇ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ:
— ȇ ȊȖȚ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȌȖȘȖȋȈȧ: Ȕȣ ȚȈȒ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣ ȌȘțȋ ș ȌȘț-
ȋȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȎȈȓȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȊșȍȔț ȘȖȌȐȊ Șȍ-
ȉȍȕȒȈ ǸȈȏȊȍ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȍȍ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș ȖȉȖȐȝ ȍșȓȐ Ȕȣ
ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȖȎȌȍȔ — șȒȈȎȍȔ ȋȖȌ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȕȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ
ȉȣ ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȚȤ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț" ǹȍȑȟȈș ȧ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȍȊ-
ȕțȦ Țȍȉȧ Ȓ ȘȍȉȍȕȒț ȕȖ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȕȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȋȖȌ
— ǿȚȖ Țȣ ȐȔȍȍȠȤ Ȋ ȊȐȌț" — șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȟțȚȤ ȖȚȖȌȊȐȋȈȧșȤ Ȑ
ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ș ȘȈșȠȐȘȐȊ-
ȠȐȔȐșȧ ȌȖ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȈ ȏȘȈȟȒȈȔȐ — ǵȈȔ ȕȍ Ȓ ȟȍȔț ȎȌȈȚȤ — Șȍȉȍ-
ȕȖȒ țȎȍ ȏȌȍșȤ
— ǵț ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ, — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȧ ȗȣȚȈȧșȤ șȖȏȌȈȚȤ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ
Ȕȣ ȖȉșțȎȌȈȍȔ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȗțșȚȧȒ — ǺȈȒȐȍ ȊȍȡȐ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȐșȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ...
ȐȏȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȇ ȊȍȌȤ ȝȐȘțȘȋ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȔȍȌȐȞȐȕȣ Ȑ ȕȈțȒ ȇ ȔȖȋ
ȉȣ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ Țȍȉȧ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ ǵȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȚȘțȌȕȖșȚȍȑ ȐȓȐ ȖȗȈș-
ȕȖșȚȍȑ Ȑ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȌȐșȒȖȔȜȖȘȚȈ ȐȓȐ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȈ
ǻȕȐȒȈ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ
— ǿȚȖ Țȣ ȐȔȍȍȠȤ Ȋ ȊȐȌț" — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ

52
— Ƕ Ȋșȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ǵȈȘȒȖȏ, șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȧ Ȑ
Ȕȣ ȉțȌȍȔ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ Ȑ șȔȖȎȍȔ ȕȍ ȚȖȘȖȗȐȚȤșȧ ș ȘȖȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ ȅȚȖȚ ȏȈȘȖȌȣȠ — ȍșȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȍȑȟȈș
ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȖȔ — ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȈȧ ȗȘȍȎȌȍȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȈȧ șȓț-
ȟȈȑȕȖșȚȤ
ǶȕȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ș ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȌȐȒȖȋȖ ȖȚȊȘȈ-
ȡȍȕȐȧ Ȑ țȎȈșȈ ǭȍ ȋȘțȌȐ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȖ ȊȏȌȣȔȈȓȐșȤ ȋțȉȣ ȉȣȓȐ
ȗȘȐȖȚȒȘȣȚȣ ȕȖ ȕȍ Ȋ țȓȣȉȒȍ Ȉ Ȋ țȎȈșȕȖȔ ȖșȒȈȓȍ Ȑ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȈȧ ȕȍ-
ȖȗȐșțȍȔȈȧ ȋȘȐȔȈșȈ ȖȉȕȈȎȈȓȈ ȖșȚȘȣȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȒȓȣȒȐ ǶȕȈ Ȟȍȗ-
ȓȧȓȈșȤ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȏȈ ȝȈȓȈȚ ȖȚȊȖȌȧ ȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȋȘțȌȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȗȘȐȗȈȌ-
Ȓȍ țȌțȠȤȧ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȓȈ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȘȈȕȤ-
Ƞȍ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ — ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȠȐȗȧȡȍȋȖ ȘȣȟȈȕȐȧ
— Ǻȣ — ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȍȠȤ — Ȕȕȍ — țȉȐȚȤ — ȔȖȍȋȖ — ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ"
— Ƕ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȚȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȇ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȝȖȚȍȓ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ
— Ǻȣ ȝȖȚȍȓ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ... ȝȖȚȍȓ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ" Ǻȣ ȚȊȈȘȤ Țȣ ȏȊȍȘȤ Țȣ ȌȤȧ-
ȊȖȓ— ǬȖȘȖȋȈȧ
ȇ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ǶȕȈ ȊȏȔȈȝȕțȓȈ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȚȖȓȒȕțȊ
Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȤ ș ȚȈȒȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȘȈȊȕȖȊȍșȐȍ Ȑ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ
ȌȐȊȈȕ ǶȕȈ ȠȈȋȕțȓȈ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑ ȊșȚȈȓȈ ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ
— ǵȍ ȗȘȐȒȈșȈȑșȧ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȑșȧ
ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Țȣ țȉȐȑȞȈ
ǰ ȖȕȈ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓȈ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȇ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȏȈ ȕȍȑ ȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ȗȖȏȌȕȖ — ȖȕȈ ȌȖȉȘȈȓȈșȤ ȌȖ șȗȈȓȤȕȐ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓȈ Ȑ ȏȈȗȍȘȓȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ
Ȑ ȧ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ ȒȐȕțȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȋȈȘȌȍȘȖȉȕȖȑ Ȑ ȏȈ-
ȗȍȘȓȈ Ȑ ȍȍ
— ǴȐȓȈȧ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȑ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȖȗȈșȈȧșȤ ȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ
Ȑȏ-ȏȈ șȓțȋ — Ǫșȍ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ ȇ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ Țȍȉȧ ȖȋȖȘȟȐȚȤ ǶȉȍȡȈȦ ȉȖȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȣȑȌȐ — ȐȓȐ ȊȗțșȚȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȌȖȓ-
Ȏȍȕ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ Ǻȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȕȧȓȈ
ȇ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȈȋȖȕȐȐ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȧ țȔȖȓȧȓ ȍȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ
ȌȊȍȘȤ ȧ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȚȍȔ Ȏȍ ȝȘȐȗȓȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȊȠȐȔ Ȕȍȕȧ țȎȈșȖȔ:
— ǭșȓȐ ȧ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȖȚȒȘȖȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ ȒȖȍ-ȟȚȖ șȒȈȎț Țȣ ȗȖȒȓȧ-
ȕȍȠȤșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȟȍșȚȤȦ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ ȕȍ ȊȘȣȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț șȐȓȖȑ"
ǿȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ" ȇ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ ǻȕȐȒȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ǶȕȈ șȉȘȖșȐȓȈ ȝȈȓȈȚ Ȑ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȗȘȐȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȖȌȍȚȈȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
Ȋ ȒȖȘȖȚȒțȦ ȒȘȍȗȌȍȠȐȕȖȊțȦ șȖȘȖȟȒț ș ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȗȓȍȟȈ șȖȘȖȟȒȈ șȗȖȓȏ-
ȓȈ ȌȖ ȚȈȓȐȐ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȉȘȍȚȍȓȤȒȍ ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȡȍ ǻȕȐ-
ȒȈ ȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȖȑ ǺȐȝȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ
ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ

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— ǭșȓȐ Țȣ ȊȖȘȊȍȠȤșȧ șȦȌȈ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȧ ȘȈȏȖȘȊț Țȍȉȧ ȕȖȋ-
ȚȧȔȐ ȇ ȐșȒțșȈȦ Țȍȉȧ — ȚȈȒ ȐȓȐ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȧ țȉȤȦ Țȍȉȧ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ
ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȧ șȔȖȋț șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ Țȍȉȧ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȗȖȌțȔȈȚȤ — Ȗș-
ȚȈȊȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȍȌȐȕȍ ș ȔȖȐȔ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȖȔ
ǰ ȖȕȈ șȕȖȊȈ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȈ Ȑ ȏȈȗȍȘȓȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȇ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȊȕȐȏ ǪȍșȤ
țȎȈș șȐȚțȈȞȐȐ ȖȉȘțȠȐȓșȧ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ. ǻȕȐȒȈ ȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ ȊșȗȧȚȤ Ȓ
ȊȐȌȖȊȣȔ ȟȍȘȚȈȔ ǶȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȖȑ — ȖȕȈ șȚȈȓȈ ȋȍ-
ȗȈȘȌȖȔ ǮȐȊȖȚȕȣȑ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚ ȧȘȖșȚȕȖ ȗȘȖȉțȌȐȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȍȓȧ ȏȈȡȐ-
Țȣ ȍȍ ȌȍȚȍȕȣȠȈ, ȌȖȠȍȓ ȌȖ ȗȐȒȈ ȇ ȕȍ ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȚȤ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈ
ȚȖȚ ȜȈȒȚ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ șȚȈȓȈ ȖȗȈșȕȖȑ ǷȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȘȍȊȈȚȖ ȊșȍȔȐ
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȧȔȐ țȎȈșȕȖȑ ȚȘȈȋȍȌȐȐ ǸȈȌȐ ȏȈȡȐȚȣ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȕȍȘȖȎȌȍȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȚȖȔȒȈ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȗȖșȖȉȕȈ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ — ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈ țȉȐȑșȚȊȖ ǵȈ
ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ Ȕȕȍ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȕȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȉȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȅȚȖ șȚȈȓȖ ȉȣ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȔ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ — ȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔ" ǻȟȐȚȣȊȈȧ ȍȍ «ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ» ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ
ȒȈȒ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȖȕȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȣȕȈȠȐȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȍȚȍȕȣȠȈ ǩțȌȍȚ ȓȐ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ
ȍȍ ȉȍȘȍȔȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȔ ȐȓȐ ȒȖȠȈȟȤȐȔ" ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȏȈ-
ȊȐșȐȚ ȖȚ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȚȖ ȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȘȖȌȐȚșȧ DzȖȎȈ ȕȈ ȔȖȍȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ șȎȈȓȈșȤ
ȖȚ țȎȈșȈ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐ ǶȌȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȖ ȧ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȓ ș ȗȖȓ-
ȕȖȑ ȧșȕȖșȚȤȦ — ȧ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȚȤ ȔȖȕșȚȘț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȖȕȈ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȘȖȌȐȚȤ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ șȊȍȚ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ șȚȈȚȤ șȖțȟȈșȚȕȐȒȖȔ Ȋ ȏȈȘȖȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȐ ȘȈșȣ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȣȝ ȋȐȉȘȐȌȖȊ ǰ ȍșȓȐ ȌȍȓȖ ȌȖȠȓȖ ȌȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȍș-
ȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȔȍȘȣ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȕȈ
ȕȍ țȉȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ — ȧ ȖȉȧȏȈȕ țȉȐȚȤ ȍȍ. ǰ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȧ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȍȍ,
ȒȈȒ ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ șȓȍȗȖ — Ȑ ȌȈ-
Ȏȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ Ȋ ȊȣșȠȍȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ țȎȈșȕȣȑ ȔȐȋ ȧ ȔȍȟȚȈȓ Ȗ ȍȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈș-
ȕȖȔ Țȍȓȍ ȇ ȎȈȎȌȈȓ ȓȈșȒȈȚȤ ȍȍ — ȧ ȎȍȓȈȓ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȚȤ ȍȦ
ȇ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȓșȧ țșȕțȚȤ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕȍ ǽȖȚȧ ȧ Ȑ ȉȣȓ ȐȏȔțȟȍȕ șȖȕ ȕȍ
Ƞȍȓ ȇ ȔȍȚȈȓșȧ ȌȖ țȚȘȈ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȊȣȝȖȌȧ Ȋ ȓȍȚȕȦȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗș-
ȚțȌȐȚȤ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟȕȣȑ ȎȈȘ ȉțȠȍȊȈȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȟȓȍȕȍ ȇ ȗȐȓ
ǴȍȓȤȒȕțȓȈ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȗȉ ȐȕȢȍȒȞȐȐ ȔȖȘȜȐȧ ȅȚȖ ȗȖȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣ ȗȘȐȚț-
ȗȐȚȤ ȔȖȐ ȐșȚȍȘȏȈȕȕȣȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ — ȕȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȏȈȉȣȚȤ — ȕȖ ȧ ȉȖȧȓșȧ
ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ǻȕȐȒȈ ȍșȓȐ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȚȍȗȍȘȍȠȕȍȔ șȖșȚȖȧ-
ȕȐȐ ȕȈȑȌȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȍșȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ǵȍȚ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ ȟȍ-
Șȍȏ ȥȚȖ Ȑ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȤ ȧșȕȖșȚȤ țȔȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȌțȝȈ
ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ǻȕȐȒȈ ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȉȍȌȈ șȗțșȚȐȓȈșȤ ȊȕȐȏ ǶȕȈ
ȖȚȗȘȧȕțȓȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓșȧ ȖȉȕȧȚȤ ȍȍ
— ǹȈȌȐșȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ Ȓ șȟȈșȚȤȦ șȊȖȐȔ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȐȏ-
ȒȐȔ ȔțȏȣȒȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ. — ȇ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ Țȍȉȍ ȒȖȍ-ȟȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ
ȇ șȍȓ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȎȌȈȚȤ ǶȕȈ ȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȊȏȈȌ Ȑ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ șȚȘȈȕ-

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ȕȣȔ ȔȧȋȒȐȔ ȠȈȋȖȔ — ȋȍȗȈȘȌ ȋȖșȗȖȌșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȓȈ:
— ȇ ȌțȔȈȓȈ ȊșȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ț Țȍȉȧ ȕȈ țȔȍ ǩȍșȗȖȓȍȏȕȖ
ȗȣȚȈȚȤșȧ țșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ. ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚ —
ȒȈȒ ț ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ — ȕȖȊȖȍ ȏȕȈȕȐȍ — Ȑ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȏȈȡȐȚȐȚȤ șȍȉȧ Ȑ șȊȖȍ-
ȋȖ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ ǷȖȒȈ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȘȖȌȐȚșȧ — Ȉ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ Ȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ
— ȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȦ Țȍȉȍ ȗȘȐȚȘȈȋȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȐȓȐ șȗȈȚȤ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȇ
ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ țȚȘȈȟț ȉȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȚȊȖȍȔ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȐ ȇ ȕȍ șȚȈȕț
ȍșȚȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ Ȓ ȟȍȔț Țȣ ȐȔȍȓ ȝȖȚȤ ȔȈȓȍȑȠțȦ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȖșȕțȚȤșȧ ȇ ȉțȌț ȎȐȚȤ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ șȘȍȌȤ ȉȍȓȈ Ȍȕȧ — ȍșȓȐ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȕȍ șȖȟȚț ȥȚȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ ǭșȓȐ șȓțȟȐȚșȧ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȧ țȍȌț Ȑ
ȉțȌț ȎȐȚȤ ȕȈ șȊȖȦ ȘȍȕȚț Ȑ Țȣ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȕȈȑȌȍȠȤ ǵȖ ț
Țȍȉȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ Ȑ ȧ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț ȘȈȏȘțȠȈȚȤ ȚȊȖȦ ȒȈȘȤȍȘț
ǩȍȌȕȖȍ ȌȐȚȧ ǶȕȈ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋșȍ țȎȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍ-
ȕȖ—ȧȐșȈȔȍȌȊȈȏȕȈȓ
ǷȘȖȚȍșȚȖȊȈȚȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȍșȗȖȓȍȏȕȖ ǭȍ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚ ȉȣȓ ȉȍȏȖȠȐȉȖ-
ȟȍȕ Ǭȓȧ ȕȍȍ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȊȘȈȋȖȔ șȚȘȍȔȧȡȐȔșȧ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȚȤ ȍȍ Ȑ ȍȍ Șȍ-
ȉȍȕȒȈ — Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȖȑ.
***
ǹ ȚȖȑ țȎȈșȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȌȍȓȤ ǿȚȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȖ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȧ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚșȒȈȧ ȒȈȘȤȍȘȈ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȍȕȈ ȇ
ȗȘȍȌȊȖșȝȐȚȐȓ ȕȍȓȖȊȒțȦ șȐȚțȈȞȐȦ șȖȖȉȡȐȊ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌșȚȊț țȕȐȊȍȘșȐ-
ȚȍȚȈ ȟȚȖ țȝȖȎț ș ȌȖȓȎȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖȋȐȐ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȥȚȖ-
ȋȖ șȍȔȍșȚȘȈ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȍȔȕȐȒȈ țȎȍ ȐȡțȚ
ǷȖȘȖȑ ȕȈ ǻȕȐȒț ȕȈȒȈȚȣȊȈȍȚ ȊȖȓȕȈ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ
ȖȕȈ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȍȚ Ȕȕȍ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȗȖȋȓȈȎȐȊȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ — șȘȍȌȤ ȉȍȓȈ Ȍȕȧ ǵȖ
șȚȖȐȚ Ȕȕȍ ȝȖȚȤ Ȋ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖȧȊȐȚȤ ȌȍȔȖȕșȚȘȈȚȐȊȕțȦ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖșȚȤ
Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȖȚșȚȘȈȕȧȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒ ȌȍȓȈȦȚ ȒȖȠȒȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȐȔ ȕȈȌȖȍȌȈȍȚ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȕȐȍ Ȑȝ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȤȖȕȖȊ ȇ șȗȓȦ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȋȈȘȌȍȘȖȉȕȖȑ
ȋȌȍ ȧ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ȕȈ ȌȊȍȘȧȝ ȏȈșȖȊȣ ǴȍȎȌț ȕȈȔȐ ȞȈȘȐȚ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕ-
ȕȖȍ ȏȈȚȐȠȤȍ
ǵȖ ȉȣȊȈȦȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȍȚ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ ȖȌȕț
Ȑȏ șȊȖȐȝ ȘțȒ Ȑ ȗȖȐȋȘȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ș ȍȍ ȗȖȌȔȣȠȍȟȕȣȔȐ ȒțȌ-
ȘȧȔȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȚȍȘȧȍȚ ȉȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ǭșȓȐ ȔȖȐ
ȘțȒȐ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȚ ȉȓțȎȌȈȚȤ ȗȖ ȍȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȔț Țȍȓț ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ
șȍȉȧ Ȑ ȖȚȠȊȣȘȐȊȈȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȌȈȓȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȓȦȟ Ȓ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ-
Ȕț ȘȍȠȍȕȐȦ ǪȘȍȔȧ ȐȌȍȚ Ȑ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȍșȚȤ
ȠȗȘȐȞ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȈȒȖȕȐȚȐȕȖȔ ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǻȕȐȒȈ ȉțȌȍȚ

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ȏȈȋȐȗȕȖȚȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȕȈ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȓȈșȒȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȖȕȈ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖ-
ȓȧȍȚ ȧ ȊȖȚȒȕț Ȑȋȓț Ȋ ȒȖȘȕȐ ȊȖȓȖș ț ȕȍȍ ȗȖȌ ȔȣȠȒȖȑ Ǫșȍ ȗȘȖȐ-
ȏȖȑȌȍȚ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ — Ȑ ȔȍșȚȖ țȒȖȓȈ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȚȤ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȖ ȊșȒȘȣȚȐȍ ǭșȓȐ ȘȈșșȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȔȈȚȒȐ
ȊȣȧȊȐȚ ȚȖ ȟȍȋȖ ȧ ȉȖȦșȤ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȥȚȐȒȍȚ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȚ ȥȚȖ
ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȍ Ȋ ȚȈȑȕȍ ȖȚ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ǿȚȖ ȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȉțȌț ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȖȐȚ ȊȣȧșȕȐȚȤ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ǷȖȓ ǩȈȘȘȖțȌȍȑȓ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȚ ȧ
ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȚȘțșȖȔ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍȕȍș ȌȖȓ-
ȋȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȔțȟȍȕȐȑ, — ȕȖ ȧ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȊȊȍȓ șȍȉȍ ȟȐșȚțȦ
ȒțȓȤȚțȘț șȍȗȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȕȍȊȔȖȕȐȐ ȖȉșȚȈȊȐȊ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ țȔȍȘ
ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ
ǵȈțȟȕȖȍ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ȜȈȒȚȖȊ ȗȘȐȊȍȌȠȐȝ Ȓ ȥȚȐȔ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȚȘȈȋȍȌȐȧȔ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȊȍȓȐȒȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ șȒȘȣȚȤ Ȑȝ ȖȚ
ȉțȌțȡȐȝ ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖȋȖȊ ȇ șȖȉȐȘȈȦșȤ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȤ ǩȓȍȑ-
Șț ȕȈȠȍȔț ȈȘȝȐȊȈȘȐțșț ȗȖȔȍșȚȐȊ ȍȍ Ȋ ȏȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȈȒȍȚ Ȑ
șȕȈȉȌȐȊ ȐȕșȚȘțȒȞȐȧȔȐ șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȊșȒȘȣȚȤ ȗȈȒȍȚ ȔȖȎȕȖ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȓȐȠȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȗȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȗȖșȓȍ ȔȖȍȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ Dz ȚȖȔț ȊȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȐ ȕȖȊȖȍ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȍ ȏȈȉțȌȍȚ ǸȍȒșȈ ǴȥȋȓȐ Ȑ șȒȈȕȌȈȓȣ ȖȔȘȈ-
ȟȐȊȠȐȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȔȍșȧȞȣ ȍȋȖ ȎȐȏȕȐ
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ǷȘȐȔȍȟȈȕȐȍ
ǩȖȓȍȍ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȗȧȚȐ — ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ — ȓȍȚ
ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȒȈȒ ǸȍȒș ǴȥȋȓȐ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȌȈȕȕțȦ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȤ
Ǫ Țȍ ȌȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȚȘȈȌȈȓ ȖȚ șȐȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȘȊȕȖȋȖ
ȗȍȘȍțȚȖȔȓȍȕȐȧ. ȇ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȏȕȈȓ Ȗ ȗȘȍșȓȖȊțȚȖȔ ©șȒȈȕȌȈȓȍ», șȊȧ-
ȏȈȕȕȖȔ ș ȍȋȖ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȍ ȖȌȖȉȘȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ
ȒȈȜȍȌȘț Ȋ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȍ Ƕȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȊșȒȖȘȍ țȊȍȏȍȚ Ȏȍȕț
ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞț Ȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȔȍșȚȖ ȕȈ Ȧȋȍ ȐȓȐ ȏȈȗȈȌȍ
ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ ȋȌȍ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȖȊȍȓȐ ȔȍȌȖȊȣȑ ȔȍșȧȞ
 ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȉȖșȕȖȊȈȚȤșȧ
ȚȈȔ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ ș ȖȉȍȌȈ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚ-
șȒȐȝ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊ ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ ȉȣȚȤ ȎȍȓȈȕȕȣȔ ȋȖșȚȍȔ Ȗȕ ȕȈȠȍȓ
șȊȖȦ Ȏȍȕț ȔȍȘȚȊȖȑ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕȍ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐȕȖȑ ǵȈ ȌȖȏȕȈȕȐȐ Ȗȕ șȖȖȉ-
ȡȐȓ ȒȖȘȖȕȍȘț ȟȚȖ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȌȖȉȘȖȔ ȏȌȘȈȊȐȐ Ȑ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȔ ȕȈșȚ-
ȘȖȍȕȐȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȘȈȕȖ țȚȘȖȔ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ Ȗȕ șȈȔ
șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ ȏȈȉȖȓȍȓ ǷȖȟȚȐ șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ ȘȈȏȊȐȓȈșȤ ȚȧȎȍȓȈȧ ȜȖȘȔȈ ȌȊț-

șȚȖȘȖȕȕȍȑ șȍȗȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȕȍȊȔȖȕȐȐ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȠȍșȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ
Ȗȕ șȒȖȕȟȈȓșȧ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȐ ȚȘȈȋȐȟȍșȒȐȍ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȌȍȓȤ
șȚȈȓȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȚȍȔȖȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ Ȑ țȕȐȊȍȘ-
șȐȚȍȚȍ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ǴȥȋȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȎȍȕȈ Ȑ ȔȐșșȐș DzȓȍȑȚȖȕ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȉȣȚȣ
ȇ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȧȓ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȓȐ Ȕȕȍ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȚȤ ȥȚț ȘțȒȖȗȐșȤ Ȑ
ȕȍ ȘȈȏ șȖȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȥȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȕȖ Ȋ ȒȘȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȧ ȘȈșșț-
ȌȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦ ȗȘȈȊȈ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȈȚȤ șȚȖȓȤ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȖȚȟȍȚ
Ȗȉ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧȝ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ șȈȔȣȝ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȖȉȓȈșȚȍȑ ȏȕȈȕȐȑ ȇ
ȕȈȔȍȘȍȊȈȦșȤ șȕȖȊȈ ȏȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ; ȔȈȕțșȒȘȐȗȚ ȉțȌȍȚ ȘȈșȗȍȟȈȚȈȕ
ȓȐȠȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȍȚ ȗȖșȓȍ ȔȖȍȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǶȌȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȎȐȓȖșȤ
țȌȈȟȕȖ ȕȐ ț ǷȖȓȧ ǩȈȘȘȖțȌȍȑȓȈ ȕȐ ț ǸȍȒșȈ ǴȥȋȓȐ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓȖșȤ ȕȐ-
ȒȈȒȐȝ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȝ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ ǹȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ǩȈȘȘȖțȌȍȑȓȈ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȊȍ-
ȡȈȕȐȦ ȗȍȘȍȠȓȖ Ȓ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚț șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ǴȥȋȓȐ — Ȓ ȒȖȘȖȕȍ
DzȘȐșȚȖȜȍȘ ǩȓȍȑȘ

ǵȈșȚȖȧȡȈȧ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȧ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌțȍȚ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȖ-ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ
ȞȍȓȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȈ Ȍȓȧ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȓȐȉȖ ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȊȖșȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ
ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕȐȧ ȐȏȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȉȣȓȐ Ȑ Ț ȗ.