CȍȘȋȍȑ
ǹǶdzǶǴǰǵ
ǶȀǰǩDzǨ
ǩǰǶdzǶǫǨ
ǰȏȉȘȈȕȕȣȍ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȧ
ǺȖȔ II
Salamandra P.V.V.

CȖȓȖȔȐȕ ǹȚȍȟȒȐȕ
 ǹ ȇ
ǶȠȐȉȒȈ ȉȐȖȓȖȋȈ. ǹȖșȚ Ȑ ȗȖȌȋ ȚȍȒșȚȈ Ǵ ǼȖȔȍȕȒȖ ǰȏȉ-
ȘȈȕȕȣȍ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȧ Ǻ II). — ǩ Ȕ: Salamandra P.V.V., 2021.
— 190 ș. Ȑȓȓ — (Polaris ǷțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ȜȈȕ-
ȚȈșȚȐȒȈ Ǫȣȗ ǹǹǹLǽXXVII).
ǵȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȓȕȣȔ ȕȈ șȍȋȖȌȕȧȠ-
ȕȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍȔ ȕȈțȟȕȖ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȌȍȚȍȒȚȐȊȕȣȝ Ȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȓȦȟȍȕȟȍșȒȐȝ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȑ ȉȍȓȓȍȚȘȐșȚȈ Ȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȈ ǹ ȇ
ǹȖȓȖȔȐȕȈ ǹȚȍȟȒȐȕȈ -1913) ǪȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȚȖȔ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ ȊȖȠȓȐ
ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ Ȑ ȕȈțȟȕȖ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ǫ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȍ-
ȕȐȐ — ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȞȐȒȓ ©ǵȧȕȦȠȒȐȕȣ șȒȈȏȣª
© M. Fomenko, șȖșȚȈȊ, ȗȖȌȋ. ȚȍȒșȚȈ ȗȘȐȔ 2021
© Salamandra P.V.V., ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȍ, 2021

ǼȆǶǯǸǮ ǯǶǼǹǼDZǮ

6
ǵǮǰȀǾǮ
(ǾȎȟȟȘȎȕ Ȗȕ ȔȖȕțȖ ȏȡȒȡȧȓȑȜ)
I
ǵȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȊȖȞȈȘȐȓșȧ ȔȐȘ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȈȘȖȌȈȔȐ Ǫșȍ
ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȈ ȘȈȏȖȘțȎȐȓȐșȤ ǷȖȋȈșȓȐ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȣȍ ȋȖȘȕȣ ȖȘț-
ȌȐȑȕȣȝ ȏȈȊȖȌȖȊ ǷȍȘȍșȚȈȓȐ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȈȚȤ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȍ ȗȈȘȖȊȣȍ
ȔȖȓȖȚȣ ȒȖȊȈȊȠȐȍ ȉȘȖȕȍȊȣȍ ȗȓȐȚȣ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȘȈȏȘțȠȐȚȍȓȐ —
ȗțȠȒȐ
ǷȖȚȖȔȒȐ DzȘțȗȗȈ ǨȘȔșȚȘȖȕȋȈ DzȘȍȏȖ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȖȘțȌȐȑ-
ȕȣȝ ȏȈȊȖȌȟȐȒȖȊ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȐȓȐ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȐȔȍȕȈ ȌȍȌȖȊ
Ȑ ȗȘȈȌȍȌȖȊ ȕȍ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐ ȥȗȖȝȐ ȎȍȓȍȏȈ Ȑ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȉȍȏȊȖȏ-
ȊȘȈȚȕȖ țȠȍȌȠȍȑ Ȋ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȍ
ǸȍȋțȓȧȘȕȣȍ ȈȘȔȐȐ șȚȈȓȐ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȖȑ ȉȣȓȣȝ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ Ȑ ȊȖ-
ȍȕȕȣȍ ȔțȕȌȐȘȣ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȈ ȔȈȕȍȒȍȕȈȝ
ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȦȡȐȝ Ȋ Ȕțȏȍȧȝ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȝ ȊȖȐȕȖȊ.
ǷțȠȒȐ Ȑ ȘțȎȤȧ ȖȚȟȈșȚȐ ȗȖșȓțȎȐȓȐ ȗȖȌȕȖȎȐȧȔȐ Ȍȓȧ
ȗȈȔȧȚȕȐȒȖȊ ©ǴȐȘȈª ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȉȣȓȐ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȣ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ
Ȋșȍȝ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȊ ǶșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ Ȏȍ ȖȘțȌȐȧ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȐȧ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ
ȌȈȊȕȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȒȖȊȈȕȣ Ȋ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ Ȑ ȐȏȌȍȓȐȧ șȓțȎȈȡȐȍ
Ȍȓȧ ȉȓȈȋȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ Ȉ ȕȍ Ȍȓȧ ȊȘȈȎȌȣ Ȑ ȏȓȖȉȣ
ǺȘțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȘȍȊȖȓȤ--
ȊȍȘȖȔ ȐȓȐ ȘțȎȤȍȔ Ǫ șȈȔȖȏȈȡȐȚȍ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȕțȎȌȈȓșȧ ȎȐ-
ȊȖȚȕȣȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖȌ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ
ȖȝȖȚȈ șȚȘȖȋȖ ȊȖșȗȘȍȡȍȕȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȍȡȍ ȌȐȒȐȝ
ȔȍșȚȈȝ ȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȠȈȘȈ ȌȖȏȊȖȓȧȓȖșȤ ȐșȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȍ ȝȐȡȕȐȒȖȊ
ȕȖ ȕȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȥȚȐȔ ȌȍȓȖȔ Ȋșȍ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ș ȋȓț-
ȉȖȒȐȔ ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȐȍȔ
ǹȚȈȘȣȍ ȉȘȖȕȍȕȖșȞȣ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȓȐșȤ ȓȐȠȤ Ȍȓȧ ȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȧ
ȗȖ ȗȖȓȧȘȕȣȔ șȚȘȈȕȈȔ ǰȝ ȉȘȖȕȧ șȓțȎȐȓȈ ȏȈȡȐȚȖȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȊ ȘȈȏȘȣȊȕȣȝ șȕȈȘȧȌȖȊ Ȉ șȉȍȘȍȋȈȓȈ șțȌȕȖ ȖȚ ȕȈȚȐșȒȈ ȓȤȌȐȕ
ǵȖ ș ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȋȖȌȖȔ ȥȚȐȝ ©ȊȍȚȍȘȈȕȖȊ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȜȓȖȚȈª
șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ǰȝ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȓȐ Ȋ ȌȖȒȈȝ Ȉ ȎȍȓȍȏȖ Ȑ
șȚȈȓȤ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȓȐ ȕȈ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȏȈȊȖȌȣ

7
ǹ ȒȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȍȔ ȊȖȏȌțȝȖȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȧ ȌȍȓȈȦȡȍ-
ȋȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔȐ ȖȝȘȈȕț ȗȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȖȑ ȟȍȘȚȣ Ȑ ȚȈȔȖȎȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȕȈȌȏȖȘ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȣ ȔȍȎȌț ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȈȔȐ ǬȈ ȋȖ-
șțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȒȈșșȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȕțȎȌȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȚȈȔȖȎȍȕȕȣȝ șȉȖȘȈȝ
ȐȏȉȈȊȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȖȚ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȋȖ ȉȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ ȘȈșȝȖȌȖȊ
ǷȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȓȦȌȐ ȏȈȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕțȦ ȊȘȈȎȌț Ȑ ȕȈ-
ȘȖȌȣ Ȋșȍ Țȍșȕȍȍ șȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȌȕț șȍȔȤȦ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȧ ȊȍȚȝȐȍ
șȓȖȊȈ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȎȍȓȚȣȑ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȕȍȋȘ ȍȊȘȍȑ Ȉȕȋ-
ȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏ ǮȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ șȗȖșȖȉșȚ-
ȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȥȚȖȔț șȓȐȧȕȐȦ ȊșȚțȗȈȧ Ȋ ȉȘȈȒȐ ș ȔțȎȟȐȕȈȔȐ ȌȘț-
ȋȐȝ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖșȚȍȑ ǰ șȒȖȘȖ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȖȌȕȖ ȐȔȧ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ǹȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȊȔȍșȚȍ Ȑ ȧȏȣȒȐ — Ȑ ȔȍȟȚȈ ȥșȗȍȘȈȕȚȐșȚȖȊ ȕȈ-
ȒȖȕȍȞ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȐȓȈșȤ ȝȖȚȧ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȊșȍȔȐȘȕȣȑ ȧȏȣȒ ȕȐ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȕȕțȦ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȕȣȔȐ țȟȍȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȚȈȘȈȉȈȘȡȐȕț
ǸȖȏȕȤ ȔȍȎȌț ȒȓȈșșȈȔȐ șȋȓȈȌȐȓȈșȤ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȓșȧ ȚȘțȌ Ȑ
ȗȈȘȈȏȐȚȕȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȝ șȚȈȓȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ
ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȘȈȊȈȝ șȊȖȐȝ șȘȈȊȕȧȓȈșȤ ș ȔțȎȟȐȕȖȑ
ǸȈȑ ȏȍȔȕȖȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȕȖ ȖȉȢȍȌȐ-
ȕȍȕȕȖȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȖ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȐȊ Ȋșȍ ©ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȍ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣª
șȚȈȓȖ Ȋ ȚțȗȐȒ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȘȖȒȖȊȣȔ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȐȍȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ țȎȍ
ȕȍ Ȋ șȐȓȈȝ ȉȣȓ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȚȤ șȈȔȣȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȣȑ șȚȘȖȑ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ
II
ǵȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȒȓȈșșȣ șȓȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȍȌȐȕȖȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍ-
șȚȊȖ ȕȖ ȚȍȔ Șȍȏȟȍ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓȖ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȔțȎȟȐȕȈȔȐ
Ȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈȔȐ
Ǫ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖȔ ȖȘȋȈȕȍ ©ǬȖȓȖȑ ȔțȎȟȐȕª ȘȈșȝȖȌȐȊȠȍȔ-
șȧ Ȋ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍ 1 ½ ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȈ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘȖȊ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȏȍȔ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȠȈȘȈ ȌȖșȚȐȋȓȖ 5 ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȖȊ
 ȊșȍȔȐȘȕȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈȧ ȗȐ-
șȈȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȈ ǨȌȈ ǫȘȍȑ ȗȖȌȗȐșȣȊȈȊȠȈȧșȧ ȗșȍȊȌȖȕȐȔȖȔ ©ǹȊȍ-
ȚȖȟ ǬȐȈȕȣª ȗȖȔȍșȚȐȓȈ ȉȖȍȊțȦ șȚȈȚȤȦ. ǪȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȗȐșȈȓȈ ȔȍȎ-
Ȍț ȗȘȖȟȐȔ ȔȐșș ǫȘȍȑ

8
©ǯȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȓȈȌȣȟȍșȚȊȈ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ Ȗȕ ș ȞȐȕȐȟȕȖȑ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȤȦ ȘȈȏȖȉȓȈȟȐȓ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȍ ǵȍ șȗȖȘȦ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ
ȘȖȌȍ ȋȍȘȖȑșȒȐȑ ȗȖșȚțȗȖȒ ȝȖȚȧ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȐȏȊȘȈȡȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȕȈȚțȘȖȑ ȋȋ șȈȔȞȖȊ Ǫ ȞȐȕȐȏȔȍ ȖȕȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȦ șȍȉȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ șȈȌȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ǵȖ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș ȎȍȕȡȐȕ
ȥȚȖ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ șȊȖȑșȚȊȖ ȔțȎȟȐȕ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȖ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȗȖȓȤȏț
Ǵȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȍȔ ȥȚȐȝ ȉȣȊȠȐȝ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȋȖșȗȖȌ Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȊȓȈ-
ȌȍȓȤȞȍȊ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ Ȑȝ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȒȈȝ Ȋ ȖȔȍȘȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȋȘȧȏȐ Ȑȝ ȋȕțș-
ȕȣȝ ȗȖȉțȎȌȍȕȐȑ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȔȍȓȖȟȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȔ ȥȋȖȐȏȔȍ ǮȍȕȡȐ-
ȕȈ-ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȋȓțȗȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖ
ȘȈȏȌȍȊȈȚȤșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȗțȉȓȐȒȖȑ Ȑ ȒȖȗȈȚȤșȧ ș șȈȔȖȉȐȟȍȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ
ȗȖȉțȎȌȍȕȐȧȝ ȎȍȕșȒȖȑ ȌțȠȐ Ȑ ȎȍȕșȒȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ Ǵȣ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȗȖ
ȗȘȐȘȖȌȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȟȐȡȍ ȐȌȍȈȓȐșȚȐȟȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ ǾȐ-
ȕȐȏȔ ȕȈȔ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȍȕ ǰ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȊȗȈȓȐ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț Ȋ ȖȠȐȉȒț ȔțȎȟȐ-
ȕȣ ȘȈșȒȘȣȊȠȍȋȖ Ȋșȍ șȊȖȐ șȍȒȘȍȚȣ Ȍȓȧ ȖȉȡȍȋȖ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ
ǯȈȟȍȔ ȕȈȔ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȕțȎȕȣ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ" Ǫșȍ ȖȉȓȈșȚȐ Ȕȣș-
ȓȐ Ȑ ȚȘțȌȈ ȕȈȔȐ ȏȈȊȖȍȊȈȕȣ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȐȝ Ȕȣ ȏȈȧȊȐȓȐ șȍȉȧ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ țȔ-
ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȍȑ ȟȍȔ ȥȚȈ ȎȈȓȒȈȧ ȘȈșȈ ȉȖȘȖȌȈȚȣȝ ȔțȎ-
ȟȐȕ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȦȡȈȧ ȗȖȚȐȝȖȕȤȒț ȈȓȒȖȋȖȓȤ Ȑ ȚȈȉȈȒ ȕȍ-
șȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȈȊȓȧȦȡȍȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖ ȋȖȓȖșȖȊ ȊȣșȒȈȏȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȏȈ
ȉȍȏțșȓȖȊȕȖȍ Ȑȝ ȊȖșȗȘȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȐ ȊșȍȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȅȚȈ
ȘȈșȈ ȊȍȒȈȔȐ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȧȊȠȈȧ șȊȖȑ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔ ȐșȚȖȡȍȕȕȈȧ ȊȣȘȖȎ-
ȌȈȦȡȈȧșȧ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȕțȎȕȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȔ șȐȓȤȕȣȔ ȉȖȌȘȣȔ ȗȖȓȕȣȔ ȏȌȖ-
ȘȖȊȤȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈȔ" ǶȚȞȣ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ" ǫȖȊȖȘȧ ȗȘȖȡȍ ȏȈȊȖȌșȒȐȍ
ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȐ" ǵț ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȉțȌȍȔ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ Ȑ ȊȣȉȐȘȈȚȤ Ȍȓȧ
ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖȋȖ șȉȓȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȍ Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȣȍ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘȣ
ǵȖ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȚșȚȘȈȕȍȕ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȚ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȐȧ
ȌȍȚȍȑ ȖȚ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȘȖȓȐ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǷțșȚȤ,
ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȚȈȓȈȕȚȓȐȊȣȍ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈțȒȖȑ Ȑ ȐșȒțșșȚ-
ȊȖȔ ǶȚȕȣȕȍ ȘȖȓȤ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȚȤ ȟȐșȚȖ șȓțȎȍȉ-
ȕȖȑ ǬȖȓȖȑ ȏȈȏȕȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȗȈȊȐȈȕȖȊ ȞȈȘșȚȊț Ȑȝ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ ȒȖȕȍȞ
Ȕȣ — șȐȓȤȕȍȍ Ȑȝ»
Ǫ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȚȖȎȍ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕȕȖȔ ȎțȘȕȈȓȍ ©ǬȘțȋ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕª ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȞ ȗȐșȈȓȈ
©ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȔțȎȟȐȕț țȎȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ
Ȗȕ șȊȖȉȖȌȍȕ ȖȚ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȍȑ Ȋ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧȝ ȎȍȕșȒȖ-
ȋȖ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȔțȒ ȌȍȚȖȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ Ǵȣ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȍ șț-
ȡȍșȚȊȈ ȕȖ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȈ ȊȖȏȓȖȎȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȈș ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ Ȗȉȧ-
ȏȈȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔț Ȕȣ Ȉ ȕȍ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȋȓȈȊȍȕșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ

9
ǷȖȘȈ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤ ȋȓțȗțȦ șȍȕȚȐȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕțȦ ȚȍȖȘȐȦ Ȗ ȘȈȊȕȖ-
ȗȘȈȊȐȐ Ȑ ȘȈȊȍȕșȚȊȍ Ǵȣ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȣȍ Ȉ ȔțȎȟȐ-
ȕȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȣȔ șȓțȋȖȑ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȐșȗȖȓ-
ȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȘȈȉȖȔª
ǸȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ ȖșȕȖȊȈȓȐ șȊȖȐ ȖȘ-
ȋȈȕȣ ȗȍȟȈȚȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȉȖȘȖȚȤșȧ ș ȎȍȕșȒȐȔ ȕȈȚȐșȒȖȔ
Ǫ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ șȚȈȚȤȧȝ ȖȕȐ țȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȖȒȈȏȣȊȈ-
ȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȐȏȠȈȧ ȘȈșȈ ȟȚȖ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ ȜȐȏȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȍȍ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȍȍ Ȋ țȔșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȖȚ-
ȕȖȠȍȕȐȐ ȟȚȖ ȐȔȐ șȖȏȌȈȕȖ Ȋșȍ Ȋ ȖȉȓȈșȚȐ ȕȈțȒȐ ȐșȒțșșȚȊ Ȑ
ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ:
©ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȊȖȘȞȖȔ șȈȔȖșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȐȌȍȐ
Ȑ ȗȖȗȘȖșȚț țȒȘȈȓȈ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȈ ȔțȎșȒȖȋȖ țȔȈ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȊ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȉȈȏȈȘ-

10
ȕțȦ ȞȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ǪȓȐȧȕȐȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ ȍșȚȤ ȖȗȖȠȓȧȦ-
ȡȍȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ Ȑȝ ȔȍȡȈȕșȒȖȑ ȔȍȓȖȟȕȖȑ ȕȈȚțȘȍª
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȘȖȒȖȊȣȍ ȗȘȍȌȊȍșȚȕȐȒȐ ȟȚȖ ȌȊȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍ-
șȒȐȝ ȓȈȋȍȘȧ șȒȖȘȖ ȗȍȘȍȑȌțȚ ȖȚ șȓȖȊ Ȓ Ȍȍȓț Ȑ ȊȖȏȋȖȘȐȚșȧ ȕȍ-
ȗȘȐȔȐȘȐȔȈȧ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȔȍȎȌț ȌȊțȔȧ șȚȖȓȤ ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉȕȣȔȐ ȌȘțȋ
ȌȘțȋț ȘȈșȈȔȐ
III
ȇ ȕȍ șȚȈȕț ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȚȤ ȔȕȖȋȖȓȍȚȕȍȑ ȊȖȑ-
ȕȣ ȔȍȎȌț ȔțȎȟȐȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈȔȐ ȗȘȍȊȏȖȠȍȌȠȍȑ șȊȖȍȑ
ȎȍșȚȖȒȖșȚȤȦ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȊȠȐȍ ȘȈȕȍȍ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȕȈȘȖȌȖȊ
ǵȈȟȈȓȖșȤ ș ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ ȊȐȌȧ șȍȉȧ ȗȖȊșȦȌț ȗȖ-
ȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȎȍȕșȒȖȑ ȘȈȚȤȦ ȕȈ ȗȖȗȘȐȡȍ ȚȘțȌȈ Ȑ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ Ȓ șȚȈȘȖȔț șȗȖșȖȉț șȈȔȖȏȈȡȐ-
Țȣ Ȑ șȚȈȓȐ ȚȈȑȕȖ ȊȣȌȍȓȣȊȈȚȤ ȖȘțȎȐȍ ȖȉțȟȈȚȤșȧ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȊȖȍȕ-
ȕȖȔț șȚȘȖȦ Ȑ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȣȊȈȚȤ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȍ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȓȒȐ ȉȣ-
ȓȣȝ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ
ǵȖ șȒȖȘȖ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȐ Ȑȏ ȔțȎșȒȖȋȖ ȓȈȋȍȘȧ ȏȈ ȎȍȕșȒȐȑ ȗȖ-
Ȟȍȓțȑ Ȑ ȓȈșȒț ȏȈ ȓțȒȈȊȖȍ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȍ ȗȘȖȌȈȓȐ ȚȈȑȕț șȊȖȍȋȖ
ȗȓȍȔȍȕȐ
ǮȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȘȈȏȘȈȏȐȓȐșȤ ȋȘȖȔȖȊȣȔȐ șȚȈȚȤȧȔȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖ-
șȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȔȐȚȐȕȋȈȝ ȖȉȓȐȟȈȦȡȐȍ ȘȍȟȐ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȧȊȓȧȓȖșȤ
ȕȍȋȖȌȕȣȔȐ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈȔȐ Ȍȓȧ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ș ȔțȎșȒȐȔ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȖȔ
ǵȈ șȐȓț ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȚȤ șȐȓȖȑ Ǭȓȧ ȗȖȌȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȊȖȖȘț-
ȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȐȧ ȔțȎȟȐȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȋȖȚȖȊȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋșȗȣȝ-
ȕțȚȤ ȒȈȎȌțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȚȤ
șȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȖȑșȒȖ ǺțȚ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȌȍȚȖ Ȑ șȈȔȖȓȦȉȐȍ
— Ǵȣ ȗȖȒȈȎȍȔ ȥȚȖȑ ȉȖȘȖȌȈȚȖȑ ȗȖȘȖȌȍ
ǵȈȟȈȓȐșȤ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȍ șȚȖȓȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȟȈȓȈșȤ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ ȕȍ ȕȈ
ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȉ ȕȈ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȍȡȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȔ
ȔȐȘǪȖȑȕȈ ȌȓȐȓȈșȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȍȚ ǹȍȘȌȞȈ ȖȎȍșȚȖȟȐȓȐșȤ DzȈȏȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȓȍȔȍȕȍȔ ȔțȎȟȐȕ Ȑ ȗȓȍȔȍȕȍȔ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȏ-
ȓȈșȤ ȏȐȧȦȡȈȧ ȉȍȏȌȕȈ ǵȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȟȍȔ ȒȖȕȟȐȓȈșȤ ȉȣ ȥȚȈ

11
țȎȈșȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȔȍȎȌț ȊȘȈȎȌțȦ-
ȡȐȔȐ ȕȈȘȖȌȈȔȐ ǵȖ ȊȓȈșȚȕȣȑ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚ ȗȘȐȚȧȋȐȊȈȍȚ ȌȘțȋ
Ȓ ȌȘțȋț ȊȘȈȋȖȊ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȉȍȏȌȕț ȗȍȘȍȒȐȌȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȓȍȋȒȐȍ ȔȖș-
Țȣ Ȑ ȗȖȌ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȖȔ ȕȖȟȐ ș ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȐȍȔ ȕȈ
țșȚȈȝ șȖ ȏȓȖȉȖȑ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ Ȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȗȖșȓȍ ȒȘȖ-
ȊȈȊȖȑ ȉȐȚȊȣ șȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȊȖ ȊȏȈȐȔȕȣȝ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧȝ
ȅȚȈ ȘȖȒȖȊȈȧ ȌȊȖȑșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȑ ȥȚȈ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȈȧ
ȎȍșȚȖȒȈȧ ȖȚȟțȎȌȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȌȕȍȔ ȉȍȏȎȈȓȖșȚȕȈȧ ȘȈȏȧȡȈȧ ȘțȒȈ
Ȑ ȚȈ Ȏȍ ȘțȒȈ ȐȏȕȣȊȈȦȡȈȧ ȕȖȟȤȦ Ȋ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȕȖ ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȝ ȓȈș-
ȒȈȝ — Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȓȖ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȌȊțȔ ȊȘȈȎȌțȦȡȐȔ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȟȍșȒȐȔ ȗȓȍȔȍȕȈȔ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȌȓȐȚȤșȧ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟ-

12
ȕȖ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȕȈ ȗȖȉȍȌț ȚȖȑ ȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ
ǴțȎȟȐȕȣ Ȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȔȐȘȐȍ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ
ȊȣȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȖȉȖȦȌȕȖ-ȊȣȋȖȌȕȣȑ șȚȘȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ..
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ǹȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȈ ȏȍȔȓȧ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȔȍȎȌț
ȌȊțȔȧ ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉȕȣȔȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȗȓȍȔȍȕȈȔȐ ȔțȎșȒȐȔ Ȑ Ȏȍȕ-
șȒȐȔ ȊȖȞȈȘȐȓșȧ ȗȘȖȟȕȣȑ ȌȖȓȋȖȊȍȟȕȣȑ ȔȐȘ ǵȍȌȈȊȕȐȍ ȊȘȈ-
ȋȐ ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȖȉȡȍȔ ȏȈșȍȌȈȕȐȐ ȌȍȗțȚȈȚȖȊ ȖȚȕȣȕȍ ȎȐȚȤ
ȘȈȏȌȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ǷȓȖȌȖȕȖșȕȣȍ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȕȣȍ ȉȖȋȈȚ-
șȚȊȈ — Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȍȕȖ ȕȈ ȌȊȍ ȘȈȊȕȣȍ ȟȈșȚȐ ǿȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȍ ȖȉȡȍȎȐȚȐȍ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȈȝ șȚȖȧȡȐȝ
ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȌȘțȋ ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȈ ǶȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȣ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȔȐ șȚȍ-
ȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȓȐșȤ șȚȘȈȎȍȑ Ȑȏ ȗȖȎȐȓȣȝ ȕȖ ȍȡȍ șȐȓȤȕȣȝ
ȓȦȌȍȑ ǺȈȒ Ȏȍ șțȘȖȊȖ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȗȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȈȧ ȟȍȘȚȈ ȔȍȎ-
Ȍț ȊȓȈȌȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȌȊțȝ ȗȓȍȔȍȕ ǵȈ ȊȖȘȖȚȈȝ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȖ ȒȘțȗȕȣȔȐ ȉțȒȊȈȔȐ ©ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋ (ȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋȖȍ
ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ
 — ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣª ȕȈ ȊȖȘȖȚȈȝ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ — ©ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋ
— ȔțȎȟȐȕȣª
ǮȍȕșȒȐȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȐȔȍȓ șȊȖȐ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ǪȌȖȓȤ ȖȒȘțȎȈ-
ȦȡȐȝ ȍȋȖ șȚȍȕ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȝ Ȋ ȖȉȣȒȕȖ-
ȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȏȈȗȍȘȚȣȝ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȅȚȖ ȐȔȍȓȖ ȊȐȌ ȉȈȏȈȘȈ ș ȏȈ-
ȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȓȈȊȒȈȔȐ Ǫ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȊțȝșȖȚ
șȈȎȍȕ ȠȓȈ ȊȚȖȘȈȧ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȧȧ șȚȍȕȈ ș ȚȈȒȐȔȐ Ȏȍ ȌȊȍȘȧȔȐ
ǷȘȖȔȍȎțȚȖȒ ȔȍȎȌț ȌȊțȝ șȚȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȘȈȏȋȖȘȖȎȍȕ ȗȖȗȍȘȍȟȕȣ-
ȔȐ șȚȍȕȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȐȔȐ ȗȖșȚȘȖȍȕȣ ȊȍșȍȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȌȖȔȈ
ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȞȊȍȚȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȔȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧȔȐ ȜȖȕȚȈȕȈ-
ȔȐ ȚȍȕȐșȚȣȔȐ ȈȓȓȍȧȔȐ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȣȔȐ ȉȍșȍȌȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȊȖȌȖȍȔȈȔȐ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȋȖȌ Ȋ ȗȖȘț Ȋȍșȕȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȎȐȊȈȓȈ Ȋșȧ ȗȘȐ-
ȘȖȌȈ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ ȉȐȓȖșȤ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȑ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȑ ȊȖȓȕȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȓȐȊȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȒȘȖȊȤ Ȋ ȎȈȎȌțȡȐȝ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȚȍȓȈȝ ȖȚȊȖȘȧȓȐșȤ ȚȈȐȕ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȎȍȕșȒȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ Ȑ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓșȧ ȋțȓȒȐȑ ȏȊȖȕ
ȗȘȐȏȣȊȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓȈ
ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȔțȎȟȐȕ ȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȊȍȘȍȕȐȞȣ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȎȈ-
ȎȌțȡȐȝ ȎȍȕșȒȐȝ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȑ

ǶȕȐ ȊȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȞȣ Ȑ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȓȐ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȗțșȚȣȍ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ǵȈ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȖȑ șȚȍȕȍ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȈșȤ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ
ȜȖȘȚȖȟȒȈ ǴțȎȟȐȕȈ șȚȖȧȓ Ȑ ȎȌȈȓ ǭșȓȐ ȜȖȘȚȖȟȒȈ ȊȕȍȏȈȗ-
ȕȖ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȣȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȗȕ țȝȖȌȐȓ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ Ȑș-
ȒȈȓ șȟȈșȚȤȧ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȌȊȍȘȧȝ
ǵȖ ȉȣȊȈȓȖ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖȑ ȚȘȍȓȤȦ ȏȊȖȕȐȓ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓȤ-
ȟȐȒ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓșȧ ȗȘȖȝȖȌ ǴțȎȟȐȕȈ șȗȍȠȐȓ ȚțȌȈ
Ȑ ȕȍȎȕȣȍ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ȒȖȓȤȞȖȔ ȖȉȊȐȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȠȍȦ ǵȈ-
ȟȐȕȈȓȐșȤ ȉȓȈȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȕȐ șȖȊȔȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȎȐȚȤȧ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȊ-
ȠȍȋȖ Ȋ ȉȍșȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȣȝ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧȝ Ȋ ȊȍșȍȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȌȖȔȈȝ ȔȍȎ-
Ȍț ȌȊțȔȧ șȚȍȕȈȔȐ șȘȍȌȐ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȝ șȈȌȖȊ Ȑ ȜȖȕȚȈȕȖȊ
Ǩ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȧȊȕȖ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ ȔȈȚȍȘȤȦ ȧȊȓȧȓȐșȤ
șțȘȖȊȣȍ șȍȌȣȍ ȗȘȐșȓțȎȕȐȞȣ ȖȚȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȔțȎȟȐȕț Ȓ ȊȣȝȖȌ-
ȕȣȔ ȌȊȍȘȧȔ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȏȔȍȐȕȣȔ ȠȐȗȖȔ
— ǩțȌȤ Țȣ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚ
ǭșȓȐ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȑ ȔȐȔȖȓȍȚȕȖȑ șȊȧȏȐ ȘȖȎȌȈȓȈșȤ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈ ȖȕȈ
șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȒȖȑ ȎȍȕșȒȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ǴȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȖ șȍȔȐ ȓȍȚ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ șȚȈȘțȝȐ ȊȣȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ
ȋȖȘȖȌșȒțȦ ȟȍȘȚț Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȓȐ ș ȘțȒ ȕȈ ȘțȒȐ șȚȈȘȐȒȈȔ-ȊȖș-
ȗȐȚȈȚȍȓȧȔ Ȍȓȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ țȎȍ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȕȈ ȕȈ-
ȌȍȎȌȈ ȗȖȗȈșȚȤ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ȔȍȎȌț ȌȊțȝ șȚȍȕ Ȍȓȧ ȕȐȝ ©ȜȖȘ-
ȚȖȟȒȈ Ȋȍșȕȣª ȉȣȓȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȈ
ǺȈȒ Ȑ ȎȐȓȐ ȌȊȈ ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉȕȣȝ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȗȓȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȘȐ-
ȔȐȘȐȊȠȐșȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȈ ȚȖȔ șȚȘȖȍ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȗȘȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȒȈȎȌȈȧ
șȚȖȘȖȕȈ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖ-șȊȖȍȔț Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȋȖȌ ȗȖȌ ȊȓȐȧ-
ȕȐȍȔ ȊȓȈșȚȕȖȋȖ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȈ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȧȚ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȐȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ
dzȦȌȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȒȚȖ Ȑȝ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ȖȚȞȣ Ȑ ȌȍȚȐ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȘȖȌȒȐ
ȘȖȌșȚȊȈ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȘțȝȕțȓȐ
DzȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȧ ȖȗȐȠț ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ȘȈȏȌȍȓȤȕȣȝ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȑ ȔțȎȟȐȕ Ȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋ
ȌȕȐ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȦȡȍȑ Ȋȍșȕȣ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟțșȤ ȥȚȐȔ ȓȍȋȒȐȔ ȖȟȍȘȒȖȔ
ǵȈșȚțȗȐȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȊȈ ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉȕȣȝ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȗȓȍȔȍ-
ȕȐ șȔȧȋȟȈȦȚ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤ Ȑ ȏȓȖȉț Ȑ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ ȊȓȈșȚȕȖ ȚȧȕȍȚ ȌȘțȋ
Ȓ ȌȘțȋț ǬȊȍȘȐ ȎȍȕșȒȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣ
ǷȖȗȣȚȈȑȚȍ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ǮȍȓȈȦ ȊȈȔ ȕȍ ȕȈȚȖȓȒȕțȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȏȈ-
ȝȓȖȗȕțȚțȦ ȜȖȘȚȖȟȒț

14
ǸǼǺdzȀǮ
I
Ǫ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȖȔ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ȉȈȕȒȐȘȈ țȎȍ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȣȑ ȘȈȏ șȖ-
ȉȐȘȈȦȚșȧ ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȍȘȣ ȒȖȘȖȓȐ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌșȚȊ Ȑ
ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȧȚȐȑ
ǪșȍȋȌȈ șȖȊȍȡȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȚȈȑȕȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȓț-
ȋȍ șȚȘȖȋȖ ȊȖșȗȘȍȡȍȕȖ ȊȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȉȍȏ ȏȖȊȈ ȌȈȎȍ ȍșȓȐ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ
șȘȖȟȕȈȧ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȈ ȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕț ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓȐ ȥȒșȚȘȍȕȕȖȍ
șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȍ ȉȐȘȎȐ ǷȘȐȍȔ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȝ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈ-
ȡȈȍȚșȧ
ǬȖȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȑ șȓțȋȈ ȉȈȕȒȐȘȈ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȍȔț ȒȈȒ șȖȉȈȒȈ
ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȉȍșșȚȘȈșȚȕȣȑ Ȑ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȖȉȍȘȍȋȈȍȚ ȌȊȍ-
ȘȐ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȊȕțȚȘȐ șȗțșȒȈȍȚșȧ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ ȏȈȕȈȊȍș Ȑ ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ
ȏȊțȒ ȕȍ ȌȖȝȖȌȐȚ Ȑȏ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȈ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȐȓȐ Ȑȏ
ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȈ
— ǰȚȈȒ — ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȘȍȕȐȧ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȌȖȘȖȎȕȣȑ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ —
Ȋ ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗȍ Ȕȣ Ȋșȍ șȖȋȓȈșȕȣ ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȈ ȖșȖȉȖȋȖ ȐȏȖȓȧ-
ȞȐȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȈ ȇ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȊȐȎț ȏȈȚȘțȌȕȍȕȐȑ ȖȚ-
ȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȈșșȐȋȕȖȊȈȕȐȧ șțȔȔ Ȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ țȟȈșȚȐȧ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ
Ȑȏ ȕȈș ǪȍșȤ ȊȖȗȘȖș Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȚ șȓȖȊ ȗȍȘȍȑȚȐ Ȓ Ȍȍȓț Ȑ
ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȐȚȤ ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȗȓȈȕ
— ȇ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȈȔȐ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȘțȋȐȝ — ȏȈȧȊȐȓ ȕȍȜ-
ȚȧȕȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ
— ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȧȝȚȍ Ȑ
ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ ȒțȌȈ ȊȈȔ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ — ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ
ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ ȉȈȕȒȐȘ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȇ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȓ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ Ǫșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȧ ȎȍȓȈȓ ȉȣ
ȓțȟȠȍ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚȤșȧ ș ȕȈțȟȕȖȑ ȔȖȚȐȊȐȘȖȊȒȖȑ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȍȒ-
ȚȈ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȘȈșȟȍȚȈ ȕȖ Ȋ
șȓțȟȈȍ ȍșȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȗțȜȖȔ Ȕȣ ȖȟțȚȐȔșȧ Ȋ șȔȍȠȕȖȔ
Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ǫȈȏȍȚȣ ȉțȌțȚ ȚȈșȒȈȚȤ ȗȖȓȋȖȌȈ ȕȈ-
ȠȐ ȐȔȍȕȈ ȗȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȔ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȈȔ Ȉ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ ȊȖȏȕȍ-
ȕȈȊȐȌȧȚ ȕȈș ȍȡȍ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ țȏȕȈȊ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ șȗȈșȚȐ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ șȍȉȧ

15
— ǷȘȖȟȚȐȚȍ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȌȖȒȓȈȌ ǼȍȘȋȦșșȖȕ — ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ ȉȈȕ--
ȒȐȘ Ȓ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȦ ȏȈșȍȌȈȕȐȧ ȒȖȘȖȓȦ ȉȖȍȕ
— ©ǫȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȑ ȈșȚȘȖȕȖȔ ǾȍȌȍȘȉȈțȔ șȌȍȓȈȓ șȊȖȌ ȔȕȍȕȐȑ
țȟȍȕȣȝ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȓ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȔț ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȦ
1) DzȖȔȍȚȈ ȖȉȖȋȕțȊ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȍȘȍșȍȟȍȚ ȏȍȔ-
ȕțȦ ȖȘȉȐȚț Ȑ ȠȈȕșȣ ȕȈ ȊșȚȘȍȟț ȊȣȘȈȎȈȦȚșȧ ȗȘȖȗȖȘȞȐȍȑ
97:100.
2) ǪȊȐȌț ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ șȖșȚȈȊ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȈ ȒȖȔȍȚȣ ȋȈȏȖȖȉȘȈȏ-
ȕȣȑ ȗȘȐ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȊȐȌȐȚșȧ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ȔȍȝȈ-
ȕȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȖȊȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȑ.
3) ǹȗȍȒȚȘȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȈȕȈȓȐȏ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȖ ȒȖȔȍȚȣ
șȖȌȍȘȎȐȚ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȞȐȈȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ
ȕȍȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȔțȦ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ Ȍȓȧ ȊșȍȋȖ ȎȐȊțȡȍ-
ȋȖ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ Ȑ ȌȣȠȈȡȍȋȖ ȓȍȋȒȐȔȐ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕȣȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȞȍȕȚ ȞȐȈȕȈ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖ țȉȐȊȈȍȚ ȎȐȊȖȚ-
ȕȣȑ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔ
ǶȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȈȚȔȖșȜȍȘȣ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚșȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ Ȋȍ-
ȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ǷȘȐȕȐȔȈȧ Ȏȍ ȊȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ
ȝȊȖșȚ ȒȖȔȍȚȣ ȗȖ ȔȍȘȍ țȌȈȓȍȕȐȧ ȖȚ ȧȌȘȈ șȖșȚȖȐȚ Ȑȏ Ȋșȍ ȉȖ-
ȓȍȍ ȘȈȏȘȍȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȐ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ Ȑ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȖșȚțȗȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȏȍȔȓȐ șȚȘȍȔȧȡȍȍșȧ ȊȣȊȍșȚȐ ȍȍ Ȑȏ șȜȍ-
Șȣ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȧ ȒȖȔȍȚȣ — șȘȖȒ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ țȔȍȕȤȠȍȕ ȌȖ
ȚȘȍȝ Ȑ ȌȈȓȍȍ ȌȊțȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ǾȐȈȕ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȑ ș ȊȓȈȋȖȑ ȊȖȏȌț-
ȝȈ ȖȉȘȈȏțȍȚ șȐȕȐȓȤȕțȦ ȒȐșȓȖȚț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȐȚșȧ Ȋ Ȗȋ-
ȘȖȔȕȖȔ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍ ȊȖȌȣ ȖȒȍȈȕȖȊ ȔȖȘȍȑ Ȑ ȘȍȒ ǪȍȚȘȈ Ȑ ȌȖȎ-
ȌȐ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȟȐșȚȧȚ ȈȚȔȖșȜȍȘț ȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋșȍȝ
ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȥȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ǶșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȎȐȊȣȝ
ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖ Șȣȉ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȏȍȔȕȖȊȖȌȕȣȍ Ȑ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȍ
ǰȏ ȚȍȗȓȖȒȘȖȊȕȣȝ șȗȈșțȚșȧ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȐȍ Ȑ ȚȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ șȟȈșȚ-
ȓȐȊȖȑ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖșȚȐª ǪȖȚ șȖȏȌȈȚȤ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȥȚț șȟȈșȚȓȐ-
ȊțȦ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȞȍȓȤ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȍȒȚȈ — ȏȈȒȖȕ-
ȟȐȓ ȌȖȒȓȈȌ ǼȍȘȋȦșșȖȕ
—ǽȖȘȖȠȖ DzȖȔț Ȕȣ ȗȖȘțȟȐȔ ȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ Ȍȍȓ?
— ǩȈȕȒȐȘț ǹȔȐȚț Ȑ ǼȍȘȋȦșșȖȕț
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ
ǰ ȕȍȜȚȧȕȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȊșȚȈȓ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ șȚȖȓț Ȑ
ȗȖȌȗȐșȈȓ ȟȍȒ ȕȈ 10 ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ȌȖȓȓȈȘȖȊ ǯȈ ȕȐȔ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ
Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ

16
ǶȉȡȈȧ șțȔȔȈ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȈșȤ ȒȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕȈȧ
— ǰȏȉȣȚȖȒ Ȋ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȕȍ ȔȍȠȈȍȚ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ
ȝȓȖȗȟȈȚȖȉțȔȈȎȕȣȑ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ. — ǸȈȉȖȟȐȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȐȊȍ-
ȏȍȕȣ ȐȏȌȈȓȍȒȈ Ȑ ȡȍȌȘȖ ȊȖȏȕȈȋȘȈȎȌȍȕȣ dzțȟȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ — ȥȔȐ-
ȋȘȈȕȚȣ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦȡȐȍ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȧȏȣȒȈ ȐȔ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȖȉȍșȗȍȟȐȚȤ
ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȘȖȌȐȕț
— ǸțșșȒȐȍ ȓȈȚȣȠȐ Ȑ ȓȐȚȖȊȞȣ — ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȌȖ-
ȘȖȎȕȣȑ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ. — ǶȕȐ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȚȘțȌȖȓȦȉȐȊȣ Ȑ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ
ȕȍȏȓȖȉȐȊȣ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ — ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȝȖȘȖȔ
II
ǵȈ ȕȍȉȍ ȧȘȒȖ șȐȧȓȈ ȏȊȍȏȌȈ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȊ ȌȊȖȑȕȖȑ
ȝȊȖșȚ ǰ ȍșȓȐ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ Ȋșȍ
ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȑ țȝȖ țȓȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȚ ȋȘȖȏȕȣȑ ȠțȔ șȚȘȍȔȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȔȟȈȡȍȑșȧ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȣ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȥȚȖ țșȚȈȊȈȓ ȋȓȈȏ ȖȚ
ȌȖȓȋȖȋȖ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȠțȔȍȓȈ Ȋ țȠȈȝ ȗȘȐȓȐȊȈȧ Ȓ
ȔȖȏȋț ǵȖ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȍȊȍȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ
ȟȚȖ ©ȒȖȔȍȚț ȔȖȎȕȖ șȓȣȠȈȚȤª
ǫȈȏȍȚȣ ȗȖȒțȗȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈȘȈșȝȊȈȚ ȕȖ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȟȍȋȖ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ǷȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȘȈȏȔȍ-
Șȣ ȒȖȔȍȚȣ ȉȣșȚȘȖ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȝȊȖșȚ ȍȍ ȒȈȒ ȌȊȈ Ȗȋȕȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȔȍȟȈ ȗȘȖșȚȐȘȈȓșȧ Ȋșȍ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȏȈȎȐȋȈȧ șȊȖȐȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ
șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȍ ȓȈȔȗȈȌȣ ȕȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȉȈ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȎȐȚȍȓȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ
ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȋȘȖȏȕȖȍ ȟțȌȖ ǷȘȐ ȧȘȒȖȔ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȖȔ Ȗș-
ȊȍȡȍȕȐȐ ȒȖȔȍȚȈ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȊȐȌȕȖȑ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȝȖȚȍ-
ȓȈ ȉȖȘȖȚȤșȧ ș ȔȖȡȤȦ ȓțȟȍȑ ȖȋȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȊȍȚȐȓȈ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋșȍ ȟȐȚȈȊȠȐȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȟȐȚȈȊȠȐȍ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ȊȍȘȐȊȠȐȍ
Ȑ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȊȠȐȍ Ȋ ȕȈțȒț ȗȖȕȧȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ
șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ Ȋ ȈșȚȘȖȕȖȔȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȉȦȓȓȍȚȍȕȧȝ Ȉ Ȋ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȖȑ
șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ȓȍȎȈȡȍȑ Ȋȕȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ ȏȕȈȕȐȑ Ȑ
țșȐȓȐȑ ǵȍȚ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȉȣ ȒȖȔȍȚȍ țȌȈȓȐȚȤ-
șȧ Ȑ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȖȚȓȐȚȤ ȗțȠȒț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȘȈșșȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ ȕȍȉȍș-
ȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȈȋȈ ǰȌȍȚ Ȑ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ Ȑ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȍȍ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚ ǹȖȊȍȘ-
ȠȐȚșȧ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȚȤșȧ

17
dzȦȌȐ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓȐ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȗȖ-șȊȖȍȔț ȖȚȕȍșșȧ
Ȓ ȉȓȐȏȒȖȔț ȒȖȕȞț ȊșȍȋȖ ȎȐȊțȡȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ
ǶȌȕȐ ȌȖȏȕȈȊȈȓȐșȤ ȖȚ țȟȍȕȣȝ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȓȐ" ǰ ȎȌȈȓȐ țȚȍ-
ȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ ȒȈȒ ȎȌȍȚ ȕȍȐȏȓȍȟȐȔȖ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȖȚ ȊȘȈȟȈ
ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȐșȚȐȕț
— ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȍșȚȤ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈ"
ǵȖ țȟȍȕȣȍ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓȐ șțȘȖȊȖ
— ǹȚȖȓȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȖ
ǴȕȖȋȐȍ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȧ Ȋ șȐȓȣ ȘȈȏțȔȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȊșȗȖȔ-
ȕȐȓȐ Ȗ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȔ ǩȖȋȍ, Ȑ ȗȖȠȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȓȐșȤ ȍȔț Ȑ ț ȗȖȌ-
ȕȖȎȐȧ ȈȓȚȈȘȧ ȔȖȓȐȓȐșȤ Ȗ ȟțȌȍ
ǵȖ ȕȈȠȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȚȘȍȚȤȐ Ȑ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ Ȑȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȊ
ȕȈ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕțȦ ȒȖȔȍȚț ȊȣȏȣȊȈȦȡȍ ȠțȚȐȓȐ Ȑ șȔȍȧȓȐșȤ:
— DzȈȎȍȚșȧ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȍȚ Ȕȕȍ ȊȣȗȐȚȤ ȉȖȒȈȓ
ȊȐȕȈ Ȑ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȚȤ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț

18
ǩȣȓȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȟȚȖ ȎȐȊțȚ Ȋ ȚțȗȖȔ ȉȍȏȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȐ Ȑ
ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȘțȠȐȚșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȝȊȈȚȈȦȚșȧ șȗȈșȈȚȤ ȗȖȏȍȓȍȕȍȊȠȐȑ
ȒȘȐȊȖȉȖȒȐȑ ȒȖȜȍȑȕȐȒ Ȑ ȘțȝȓȧȌȤ ȌȊțșȗȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ
Ǩ ȒȖȔȍȚȈ ȌȖȠȓȈ țȎȍ ȌȖ ȏȍȕȐȚȈ Ȑ ȝȊȖșȚ ȍȍ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȔ șȊȍ-
ȚȧȡȐȔșȧ ȗȖȓȖȋȖȔ ȖȗțșȒȈȓșȧ ȌȖ ȒȘȈȧ ȏȍȔȓȐ
ǨșȚȘȖȕȖȔȣ ș ȋȘțșȚȤȦ șȖȖȉȡȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ șȚȖȓȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȐȏȖȑȌȍȚ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ ȌȊțȝ ȕȍȌȍȓȤ ǪȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȘȈȕȈȝ ȗȍȘȍȗȍȟȈ-
ȚȣȊȈȓȐ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ țȟȍȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȍșȤȔȈ șȒȍȗ-
ȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȖȚȕȍșșȧ Ȓ ȖȎȐȌȈȍȔȖȑ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȠțȚȓȐȊȖȑ
ȜȖȘȔȍ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȈȓ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȍ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȍșȧȞ ȗȖșȓȍ ȒȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜȣ
ǵȖ ȗȍȟȈȚȤ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȚȘȈȋȐȟȍșȒȐȑ
ȚȖȕ Ȑ Ȋ șȚȐȝȈȝ ȗȖȥȚȖȊ șȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȖȚȏȊțȒȐ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȍ-
ȕȐȧǶȎȐȌȈȕȐȍ ȊșȍȖȉȡȍȑ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ ȗȘȐȔȐȘȧȓȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑ ȊȍȒȖ-
Ȋȣȍ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȘȖȌȒȐ ȔȍȎȌț ȉȍȌȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȔȐ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȋȖ-
ȚȖȊȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȐșȟȍȏȕțȚȤ ǵȖ ȖȌȕȖ ȋȈȏȍȚȕȖȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȍ ȊȏȉțȌȖȘȈ-
ȎȐȓȖ ȊșȦ șȚȘȈȕț Ȑ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤ ȊșȗȣȝȕțȓȈ ș ȕȖȊȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ:
Ǽʗˊ ˇˑ˔˕ˑ˅ˈ˓ː˞˘ ˋ˔˕ˑ˚ːˋˍˑ˅ ˏ˞ ˖ˊː˃ˎˋǡ ˚˕ˑ ˄˃ːˍˋ˓
ʠˏˋ˕ ˋ ˒ˢ˕ˈ˓ˑ ˏˋˎˎˋ˃˓ˇˈ˓ˑ˅ ȋ˗˃ˏˋˎˋˋ ˄˞ˎˋǡ ˒ˈ˓ˈ˚ˋ˔ˎˈː˞Ȍ
˅ˏˈ˔˕ˈ ˔ ˔ˈˏˈˌ˔˕˅˃ˏˋǡ ˇˑ˅ˈ˓ˈːː˞ˏˋ ˔ˎ˖ˆ˃ˏˋǡ ˇ˅˖ˏˢ ˋːˉˈːˈ-
˓˃ˏˋ ˋ ˅˓˃˚ˑˏ ˖ˍ˓˞ˎˋ˔˟ ˅ ˔˒ˈ˙ˋ˃ˎ˟ːˑ ˅˞˔˕˓ˑˈːːˑˏ ˋˊˑ-
ˎˢ˙ˋˑːːˑˏ ˇˑˏˈ ˔ ˔ˑ˅ˈ˓˛ˈːːˑ ːˈ˒˓ˑːˋ˙˃ˈˏ˞ˏˋ ˔˕ˈː˃ˏˋǤ
ʓˑˏ ˒ˑˏˈ˜˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˅ ˆˎ˖˘ˑˌǡ ːˈˑ˄ˋ˕˃ˈˏˑˌ ˏˈ˔˕ːˑ˔˕ˋ ˋ ˅˞˔˕˓ˑˈː
˅ ˕ˈ˚ˈːˋˈ ˇ˅˖˘ ˔ ˒ˑˎˑ˅ˋːˑˡ ˏˈ˔ˢ˙ˈ˅ ˓˃˄ˑ˚ˋˏˋ-ˠˏˋˆ˓˃ː˕˃-
ˏˋǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˈ ˄˞ˎˋ ˊ˃˕ˈˏ ˑ˕˒˓˃˅ˎˈː˞ ː˃ ˓ˑˇˋː˖ǡ ˒ˑˎ˖˚ˋ˅ ˑˆ-
˓ˑˏːˑˈ ˅ˑˊː˃ˆ˓˃ˉˇˈːˋˈǤ ʑː˖˕˓ˋ ˋˏˈˈ˕˔ˢ ˎ˃˄ˑ˓˃˕ˑ˓ˋˢ ˇˎˢ ˇˑ-
˄˞˅˃ːˋˢ ˍˋ˔ˎˑ˓ˑˇ˃ ˋ ˃˒˒˃˓˃˕˞ǡ ˒ˑˆˎˑ˜˃ˡ˜ˋˈ ˖ˆˎˈˍˋ˔ˎˑ˕˖Ǥ
ʝ ˊ˃˒˃˔˃˘ ˒ˋ˜ˋǡ ˅ˋː ˋ ˅˔ˈ˅ˑˊˏˑˉː˞˘ ˖ˇˑ˄˔˕˅˃˘ ˆˑ˅ˑ˓ˋ˕˟ǡ ˒ˑ-
ːˢ˕ːˑǡ ːˈ˚ˈˆˑǣ ˏˋˎˎˋ˃˓ˇˈ˓˞ ˔˕˓ˑˋˎˋ ˇˎˢ ˔ˈ˄ˢǽǤ
ǺȖȓȗȈ ȖșȈȎȌȈȓȈ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȦ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ȚȘȍȉțȧ ȚȖȟȕȖȋȖ țȒȈ-
ȏȈȕȐȧ ȔȍșȚȈ ȐȏȖȓȧȞȐȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȊȣȊȍșȐȚȤ Ȉȕ
ȠȓȈȋ ©ǷȖșȓȈȕȖ ȖȒȖȓȖ șȖȚȕȐ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘȖȊ Ȍȓȧ ȘȈșșȓȍȌȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȧ Ȗ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȈȝ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȐȏȊȍȡȍȕȈ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖª
ǰ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȗȘȖșȚȈȐȊȈȓȈ ȒȘțȋȓȣȍ șțȚȒȐ ȗȖȌ ȖȒȕȈȔȐ ȘȍȌȈȒ-
ȞȐȐ Ȑ ȎȌȈȓȈ ȒȘȐȒȈȔȐ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȧ șȊȖȍ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȍ

19
ǹȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ țȋȘȖȏȣ Ȑ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȐȧ
— ǷȖȑȌȍȔ ȘȈȏȖȘȐȔ Ȑȝ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȍ ȋȕȍȏȌȖ
ǸȖȊȕȖ ȏȈ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȌȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ ȏȍȔȓȐ ș ȒȖȔȍȚȖȑ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ
ȕȖȊȣȑ ȈȕȠȓȈȋ ©ǰȏȖȓȧȞȐȖȕȕȣȑ ȌȖȔ ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȍȘȖȊ ȕȈȝȖ-
ȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȠȚȈȚȍ ǨȘȐȏȈȊȈª
ǺȖȓȗȈ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȈ Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈ șȚȈȓȈ ȘȈșȝȖȌȐȚȤșȧ Ȉ ȕȍȉȖ ȗȣȓȈ-
ȓȖ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȐȔ ȏȈȘȍȊȖȔ Ȑ Ȗȋȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȠȈȚȍȘ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȓșȧ țȎȍ ȕȈ
ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȈ
ǰ ȕȈ ȏȍȕȐȚȍ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȏȊȍȏȌȈ ȒȈȒ ȊȍȕȍȞ ȋȘȧ-
Ȍțȡȍȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǩȣȓȖ șȊȍȚȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȌȕȍȔ ȕȖ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȎțȚȒȖȋȖ
șȊȍȚȈ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ Ȑ șȗȘȧȚȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ
III
Ǫ ȐȏȖȓȧȞȐȖȕȕȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ ȉȓȐȕȌȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȔ șȕȈȘțȎȐ șȚȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȗȓȐȚȈȔȐ Ȉ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȖȚȌȍȓȈȕȕȖȔ ș ȕȍșȓȣȝȈȕȕȖȑ ȘȖșȒȖ--
ȠȤȦ ȚȍȒȓȈ ȐȏȖ Ȍȕȧ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ ȖȉȣȟȕȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȍȘȖȊ
ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦȡȐȝ ȖȚȒȈȏȈ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧȝ ǶȕȐ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȌȖȉ-
ȘȖȊȖȓȤȕȖȍ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ ȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȍșȍȓȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȧȚ-
ȕȖ ǺȈȒ Ȋ ȓȦȚțȦ șȚțȎț ȗȖȌ ȘȍȊ ȋțȉȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȊȤȦȋȐ Ȋ ȌȕȐ
ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȣȝ ȌȖȎȌȍȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕțȎȌȈ ȕȍ ȋȖȕȐȚ
ȕȈ ȉȖȘȤȉț șȖ șȚȐȝȐȧȔȐ șȐȌȐȚ ȌȖȔȈ Ȋ ȗȖȒȖȍ Ȑ ȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȍ Ȑ
ȋȘȍȍȚșȧ ț ȓȈșȒȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȚȍȗȓȖȔ ȒȈȔȐȕȈ
ǺȈȔ ȏȈ șȚȍȕȈȔȐ ȌȖȔȈ ȞȈȘȐȓ țȎȈș ǵȍȉȖ ȖȉȢȧȚȖȍ ȚȈȐȕ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȍȔ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȍ ȕȍȔȐȕțȍȔȖȑ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ ȔȖȓȤ-
ȉȣ Ȑ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȐȧ
ǸțȠȐȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ ȟȍȔ ȎȐȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȚȣșȧȟȍȓȍȚȐȧȔȐ ȋȖșț-
ȌȈȘșȚȊȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ șȍȔȤȧ ǬȖȎȐȊȈȓȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȌȕȐ
Ȋ ȉȍșșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ-ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟȕȖȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȌȐȒȖȔ ȖȚț-
ȗȍȕȐȐ ǰșȒȈȓȐ ȏȈȉȊȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȖȘȋȐȧȝ Ȑ ȊȐȕȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ.
dzȦȌȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ șȗȈȓȐ Ȑ ȉȍȏțȔșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȖȚ ȉȍșȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖȋȖ
ȉȖȌȘșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ
ǰ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȕȍ Ȋȣȕȍșȧ țȎȈșȈ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȧ ȒȖȕȟȈȓȐ șȈȔȖ-
țȉȐȑșȚȊȖȔ
ǰȏȊȍșȚȐȍ Ȗȉ ȐȏȖȓȧȞȐȖȕȕȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȍȘȖȊ ȖȉȓȍȚȍ-
ȓȖ șȚȘȈȕț Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȖȊ ǰ Ȋ ȉȍșȞȍȓȤȕȖȑ țȎȍ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȟȍ-

20
ȓȖȊȍȒȈ șȖȏȌȈȓȈșȤ ȕȖȊȈȧ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȟȕȈȧ ȞȍȓȤ ©ǵȈȌȖ șȗȍȠȐȚȤ
ȚțȌȈª
ǯȈȟȍȔ"
Ƕȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȓ ǬȖȔ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ Ȋ șȊȖȐ Ȗȝ-
ȘȈȕȧȦȡȐȍ ȕȍȌȘȈ ȌȈȎȍ ȌȍșȧȚȒȈ ȓȐȠȕȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǸȈȏȘțȠȐȚȤ
ȍȋȖ ȐȔȍȓȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ șȔȣșȓȈ
— ǷțșȚȤ ȋȐȉȕțȚ Ȑ ȥȚȐ Ȋșȍ ȒțȗȈȦȡȐȍșȧ Ȋ ȏȖȓȖȚȍ ȊȔȍșȚȍ
ș ȕȈȔȐ
ǵȖ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȕȍ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȧȓȈ ȧșȕȖ Ȑ ȘȈȏțȔȕȖ șȊȖȐȝ ȎȍȓȈ-
ȕȐȑ Ǫșȍȝ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȊȐȝȘȤ ȉȍȏțȔȐȧ ©ǵȈȌȖ șȗȍȠȐȚȤ ȚțȌȈª
DzȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȐȓȐ șȗȈșȍȕȐȍ ȐȓȐ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȒȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ
ȚȘȈȋȍȌȐȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȈ
ǹȕȈȘȧȎȈȓȐ ȗȖȍȏȌ ȏȈ ȗȖȍȏȌȖȔ Ȑ ȔȟȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȈȘȈȝ
ǭȝȈȓȐ șȒȈȒȈȓȐ ȉȘȍȓȐ ȗȍȠȒȖȔ ȉȍȏ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȌȖȑȚȐ Ȓ șȘȖȒț.
ǵȍșȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȧȝ ȕȈȗȘȧȋȈȓȐ Ȋșȍ șȐȓȣ ȕȖȋ ȗȍȌȈȓȐ-
Șțȧ ȊȍȓȖșȐȗȍȌȣ ǰ Ȋ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ș ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤȦ
ȊȏȘȣȊȈ ȒȖȚȓȖȊ ȉȍȠȍȕȖ ȉțȘȓȐȓȐ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȣ ȗȖ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȍȑ
ȘȍȒȍ
Ǩ Ȗȋȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȓȖȋ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓ țȎȍ ȊȚȖȘțȦ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț ȋȖ-
ȘȐȏȖȕȚȈ Ȑ șȉȓȐȎȈȓ ȒȘȈȧ șȊȖȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȖȔȒȕțȚȤșȧ ȠȈȚȘȖȔ
șȔȍȘȚȐ ȕȈȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȦ
Ǫ ȐȏȖȓȧȞȐȖȕȕȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ
ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ ȏȈ șȚȍȕȈȔȐ ǶȒȖȕ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȊșȚȈȊȓȍ-
ȕȣ ȚȖȓșȚȣȍ ȒȖȘȈȉȍȓȤȕȣȍ șȚȍȒȓȈ Ȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȗȗțȡȍȕȣ ȔȈșșȐȊ-
ȕȣȍ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȍ șȚȈȊȕȐ ǯȊțȒȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȈȓȐ ȐȏȊȕȍ ǮȐȓȐ
ȗȘȐ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȐȐ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȧ ȍȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȕȣȔȐ
ȓȈȔȗȖȟȒȈȔȐ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȊȈ ȘȈȏȈ Ȋ șțȚȒȐ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘȣ ȊșȝȖȌȐȓȐ
ȕȈ ȉȓȐȕȌȐȘȖȊȈȕȕțȦ ȊȣȠȒț Ȑ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓȐ ȕȍȉȖ ȌȍȓȈȧ ȗȖȚȖȔ,
ȏȈ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȖȔ Ȑ țȎȐȕȖȔ ȌȖȒȓȈȌȣ Ȗ ȒȖȔȍȚȍ ǰ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȠțȚȐ-
ȓȐ ȖȉȖȌȘȧȧ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ
— ǷȘȍȓȍșȚȕȈȧ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȒȈ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ ȘȍȠȐȓȈ ȕȈȕȍșȚȐ ȕȈȔ
ȊȐȏȐȚ ȉȍȏ ȖșȖȉȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȍȕȐȧ Ǵȣ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ șȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ
ȏȈȒțȗȖȘȐȓȐșȤ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȉȍȏ ȏȊȖȕȒȈ ț ȊȝȖȌȕȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȐ ǵȍȓȤȏȧ
Ȏȍ ȗțșȒȈȚȤ Ȋ ȌȖȔ ȊșȧȒțȦ ȈȊȈȕȚȦȘȐșȚȒț
ǷȖșȓȍ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȈ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ȘȈșȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ǴȖȓȖȌȍȎȤ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȖȌȍȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȗȖȘȚșȔȍȕșȒȐȍ ȒȖșȚȦȔȣ Ȑ Ȋ ȋȐȔȕȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ
ȏȈȓȍ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓȈșȤ ȐȋȘȈȔȐ Ȑ țȗȘȈȎȕȍȕȐȧȔȐ ǰȔȍȓȖșȤ ȌȈȎȍ ȟȍ-
ȚȣȘȍ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȝ ȊȍȓȖșȐȗȍȌȈ șȖ șȟȍȚȟȐȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȌȈȊȈȓȖ

21
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ șȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȘȍȒȖȘȌ ȕȈ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤ Ȑ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȚȤ ȋȖȕ-
ȒȐ ǬȈȔȣ ȗȘȍȌȈȊȈȓȐșȤ șȊȖȐȔ ȓȦȉȐȔȣȔ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȧȔ Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȈȔ
ǹȣȕ ȝȓȖȗȟȈȚȖȉțȔȈȎȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȖȓȧ țȝȈȎȐȊȈȓ ȏȈ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤ-
ȒȖȑ ȔȐșș ǴȖȌ ȌȖȟȍȘȤȦ ȒȖȘȖȓȧ ȉȖȍȕ
ǹȍȔȐȓȍȚȕȐȑ șȣȕ ȉȈȕȒȐȘȈ ȐȋȘȈȓ ș ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȕȤȦȜȈțȕȌ-
ȓȍȕȌșȒȖȑ șȖȉȈȒȖȑ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȔ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȌȖȔȍ
ǹȈȔȐ ȒȖȘȖȓȐ ȖȚ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ Ȋ ȒȈȘȚȣ Ȑ ȒȖșȚȐ
ȌȍȘȎȈȓȐ ȗȈȘȐ ș ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ șȚȈȊȒȈȔȐ ǷȘȍȌȓȖȎȍ-
ȕȐȍ ǼȍȘȋȦșșȖȕȈ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȕȈ șțȌȤȉț ȏȍȔȓȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȍȌȐȕȖȌțȠ-
ȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȘȋȕțȚȖ Ƕ ȒȖȔȍȚȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȌțȔȈȚȤ
ǶȉȣȟȕȖ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȖȔ ȗȈȘȐ șȓțȎȐȓȐ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȍ ȊȍȓȖșȐ--
ȗȍȌȕȣȍ ȋȖȕȒȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȎȐ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ șȈȌȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ
ȒȘțȋȓȖȋȖ șȚȖȓȈ Ȑ ȗȖșȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ șȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȧȡȐȒ ș șȐȋȈȘȈȔȐ Ǭȓȧ
șȖȝȘȈȕȍȕȐȧ ȟȐșȚȖȚȣ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ ȒțȘȐȚȤ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ
ȔȍȕȤȠȍ Ȑ ȗȈȘȐ ȠȓȖ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȒȚȖ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȐȚ ǶȉȣȒ-
ȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓ ȉȈȕȒȐȘ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȣȑ ȒțȘȐȓȤȡȐȒ:
ȗȘȐ ȖȉȡȍȔ ȝȖȝȖȚȍ ȗȖȌȗȐșȣȊȈȓ ȟȍȒ Ȋ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕ ȌȖȓȓȈȘȖȊ Ȑ
ȉȘȈȓ șȐȋȈȘț ǰȕȎȍȕȍȘȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȕȧȚȣ ȊȍșȤ ȌȍȕȤ Ȑ ȊșȦ ȕȖȟȤ
ȌȍȎțȘȧ ȗȖ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȐ ǶȕȐ șȓȍȌȐȓȐ ȏȈ ȗȘȐȚȖȒȖȔ ȒȐșȓȖȘȖȌȈ Ȑ
ȗȖȋȓȖȡȍȕȐȍȔ țȋȓȍȒȐșȓȖȚȣ ȏȈ ȐȏȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȒțȠȈȕȐȑ Ȑȏ
ȒȖȕșȍȘȊȖȊ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȕȈȋȘȍȊȈȕȐȍ ȗȖȓțȟȈȓȖșȤ ȖȚ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȧ
ȕȍȋȈȠȍȕȖȑ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐ ș ȊȖȌȖȦ Ȑ ȏȈ ȖȉȍȏȊȘȍȎȐȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȕȍȟȐ-
șȚȖȚ ȝȐȔȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȗȘȍȗȈȘȈȚȈȔȐ
ǪȘȈȟ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ Ȋșȍȝ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ Ȑ ȖȌȖȉȘȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȐȊȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓȐșȤ ȞȊȍȚțȡȐȔ
ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍȔ
ǵȖ ȗȘȐ ȊȐȌȐȔȖȑ ȉȍșȗȍȟȕȖșȚȐ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈ ȎȐȓȈ Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ
ǰ Ȋ ȔȐȕțȚț ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȈ ȓȦȌȐ ȌțȔȈȓȐ Ȗ ȋȘȧȌțȡȍȑ ȋȐȉȍ-
ȓȐ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ȑ ȉȖȧȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȔ ȥȚȖȚ ȕȍ ȏȈȡȐȚȐȚ ȖȚ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȑ
ȧȌȖȊȐȚȣȑ ȋȈȏ ȗȘȖȉȍȘȍȚșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȍ ȡȍȓȐ Ȑ țȉȤȍȚ Ȑȝ,
ȎȈȎȌțȡȐȝ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǰȕȎȍȕȍȘ dzȖȊȍȓȤ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓ șȍȉȍ ȗȖȠțȚȐȚȤ ȏȈ țȎȐȕȖȔ
ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȊȍșȍȓȐȓȐșȤ ǹȊȍȘȒȈȓ ȝȘțșȚȈȓȤ ȉȖȒȈ-
ȓȖȊ Ȑ ȖȋȕȐșȚȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȈȓȍȓȖ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȍ ȊȐȕȖ ǹȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ
ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȣ ȕȈ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȉȦșȚȈȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ DzȈȎȌȣȑ șȗȍ-
ȠȐȓ ȊȣȌȍȓȐȚȤșȧ ȖșȚȘȖȚȖȑ Ȑ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ șȔȍȧȚȤșȧ

22
— ǵȍ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚȍ ȓȐ Ȋȣ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȋȖȘȤȒȖȋȖ ȔȐȕȌȈȓȧ" — Ȍȍ-
ȓȈȕȕȖ-ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ șȒȈȏȈȓ dzȖȊȍȓȤ ȕȈȔȍȒȈȧ ȕȈ ȞȐȈȕ,
ȗȈȝȕțȡȐȑ ȋȖȘȤȒȐȔ ȔȐȕȌȈȓȍȔ
ǰ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȋșȍ șȔȖȓȒȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȓȐ ȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧșȤ ȒȘțȋȖȔ,
ȉțȌȚȖ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ
— ǪȈȠȈ ȠțȚȒȈ ȕȍțȔȍșȚȕȈ — ȖȚȘȍȏȈȓ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȌȖȘȖȎȕȣȑ
ȒȖȘȖȓȤ — ȥȚȖ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȓȐȒȍȘȈ
ǶȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ȊșȚȈȓȖ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ șȚȖȓȈ Ȋ ȌțȘȕȖȔ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȐ Ȑ dzȖ--
ȊȍȓȤ ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȓ șȊȖȑ ȧȏȣȒ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȏȈȋȓȈȌȐȚȤ ȊȐȕț ǻȝȈȎȐ--
ȊȈȓ ȏȈ ȌȈȔȈȔȐ ȌȈȎȍ șȗȍȓ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕșȒțȦ ȗȍșȍȕȒț ǵȖ ȗȖȊșȦ-
Ȍț ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣ Ƕȕ ȖȉȍșȗȖ-
ȒȖȐȓ ȥȚȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȍȔț ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȉȍȏȌȕȈ ȓȍȎȐȚ
ȔȍȎȌț ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȖȔ Ȑ ȕȈȍȔȕȣȔ șȓțȋȖȑ
IV
ǹȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȠțȔ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȈȊȠȐȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȖȓșȚȣȍ ȉȓȐȕ-
ȌȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ șȚȍȕȣ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ǼȍȘȋȦșșȖȕ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȊ-
ȠȐȑ ȒȈȒ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒ ȚȖȕȒȐȔ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ șȓțȝȖȔ
— ǺȈȔ ȚȊȖȘȐȚșȧ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ
ǷȘȐșȓțȠȈȓȐșȤ ȅȚȖ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȕȈ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȉȖȑ ȔȖ-
Șȧ ȋȓțȝȖȑ ȘȐȚȔȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȕȖ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȏȊțȒȐ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȐ ȉȍș-
ȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȖ țșȐȓȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȘȖșȓȐ ȊȏȌȣȔȈȓȐșȤ ȋȘȍȔȧȡȐȔ ȊȈȓȖȔ
Ȑ ȖȉȘțȠȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȣ ȝȐȚȘȖ ȏȈȌțȔȈȕȕȖȋȖ țȉȍȎȐȡȈ
— ǷȖȏȖȊȐȚȍ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘȖȊ
DzȈȉȐȕȍȚ ȏȈȗȍȘȓȐ Ȑ șȚȈȓȐ șȖȊȍȡȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ
— ǵȈȌȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȉȖȒȖȊȖȍ ȖȒȕȖ — ȘȍȠȐȓ dzȖȊȍȓȤ. — Ǵȣ
ș ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȔ ȘȈȏȊȐȕȚȐȔ ȉȖȓȚȣ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȍȔ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȍ
șȚȈȊȕȐ
ǷȖȒȈ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘȣ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ ȒȖȘȖȓȐ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋ ȕȍȘȊȕȖȑ ȚȘȍ-
ȊȖȋȍ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȓ țșȐȓȐȊȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȏȊțȒȈȔ ȐȏȊȕȍ
ǹ ȓȧȏȋȖȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ șȚȈȊȍȕȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȖșȤ ȖȒȖȠȒȖ ȊȍȓȐȟȐ-
ȕȖȦ ș ȒȖȘȈȉȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘ Ȑ dzȖȊȍȓȤ ȗȘȐȕȐȒȕțȓ Ȓ
ȕȍȔț
ǹȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȉțȌȚȖ ȕȈȘȖȟȕȖ Ȑșȗȣ-
ȚȣȊȈȓ ȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȍ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ ǰ ȓȐȞȖ ȉȣȓȖ

23
ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȕȕȖȍ
— ǶȕȐ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ
ǰ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ dzȖȊȍȓȤ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȍȡȍ
ȉȖȓȍȍ ȒȖȔȍȚȣ ȉȖȧȓȐșȤ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȧȡȐȝ Ȑ ȔșȚȧȡȐȝ ȏȈ
ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȖȔ ȏȖȓȖȚȈ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȖȕȐ șȗȈșȚȐșȤ ȖȚ Ȗȉȡȍȑ
ȋȐȉȍȓȐ
— ǶȕȐ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ
DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓ Ȓ ȖȒȕț Ȑ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȘȈȠ-
ȕȍȍ ȗȣȓȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȕȍȉȈ Ǫșȧ ȌȖȓȐȕȈ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȏȈȓȐȚȈ ȔȖȘȍȔ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ Țȍȓ Ȑ, ȗȖȒȈ ȝȊȈȚȈȓȖ ȏȘȍȕȐȍ ȊȐȌȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ
Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȌȈȓȍȍ Ȋșȍ șȓȐȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ
ȊȖȓȕțȦȡțȦșȧ ȚȍȔȕțȦ ȔȈșșț
ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȒȖȘȍȕȈșȚȣȍ Ȋ ȉȓțȏȈȝ Ȑ ȠȓȧȗȈȝ ș ȌȐ-
ȒȐȔȐ ȖȏȓȖȉȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȓȐȞȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȘȚȈȔȐ
ǶȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȒȘȐȒȖȊ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȓȣȠȕȖ Ȑ ȘȚȣ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȉȍȏ-
ȏȊțȟȕȣȔȐ ȕȖ Ȋ șȚȍȕȣ țȌȈȘȧȓ ȋȘȖȏȕȣȑ ȋțȓ șȓȐȧȕȕȣȝ ȊȖȏȋȓȈ-
șȖȊ ȋȕȍȊȈ Ȑ ȔȍșȚȐ
ǰ șȘȍȌȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȐșȤ ȗțȠȒȐ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȎȍȘȓȈ
șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȓȍȗȖȋȖ ȖȚȣșȒȐȊȈȦȡȍȋȖ șȊȖȦ ȎȍȘȚȊț
— Ǵȣ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȐ — ȚȐȝȖ Ȑ ȊȕțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖ-
ȌȖȘȖȎȕȣȑ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ
— Ǩ ȒȖȔȍȚȈ" — ȕȈȗȖȔȕȐȓ ǼȍȘȋȦșșȖȕ
— ǬȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȕȈ țȉȐȊ ȊșȦ ȥȚț șȊȖȓȖȟȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȗȈșȚȐ
ȕȈș DzȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȉțȌȍȔ Ȋ ȝȊȖșȚȍ"
— Ǵȣ țȎȍ Ȋ ȕȍȔ — ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓșȧ dzȖȊȍȓȤ — Ȗȋȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȋ șȖȔȒȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȏȍȔȓȧ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȖȌ ȠȈȚȘȖȔ
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ, țȟȍȕȣȍ ȖȠȐȉȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ"
— ǵȍȋȖȌȧȐ ȀȈȘȓȈȚȈȕȣ
— ǵȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȗȈșȚȐ ȕȈș
ǰȏ ȖȒȕȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȓȦȌȐ ȋȖȚȖȊȧȚșȧ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ ǷȘȖ-
ȠȓȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȑ ǰȏ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȎȍȘȓȈ
ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȍȑ ȗțȠȒȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȌȣȔȖȒ șȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ șȚȍȕȣ ȌȖȔȈ
ȌȘȖȋȕțȓȐ ȖȚ țȌȈȘȈ ȏȈȏȊȍȕȍȓȐ ȉȖȒȈȓȣ ș ȊȐȕȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȐȓȐ
ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȖșȓȍ șȣȚȕȖȋȖ țȎȐȕȈ Ȑ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ Ȗȉșȣ-
ȗȈȕȕȣȑ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȈȔȐ ȗȖȘȚșȐȋȈȘ ȓȍȎȈȊȠȐȑ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȦ șȚȖȓȈ
— ǯȈȌȊȐȕȤȚȍ ȖȒȕȖ șȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȓȐȚȖȑ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȋ țȎȈșȍ
ȚȖȓșȚȣȑ ȉȈȕȒȐȘ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȑ ș ȚȘȧșțȡȐȔȐșȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȣȒȈ-
ȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ ț țȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȐȒȈ

25
— ǰȕȞȐȌȍȕȚ ȐșȟȍȘȗȈȕ — ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘ dzȖ-
ȊȍȓȤ — DzȖȔȍȚȈ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȗȖȒȖȕȟȐȓȈ
ǵȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ Ȋ ȋȘȖȉȖȊȖȔ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȐ ȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ
ȌȖȓȋȐȍ ȟȈșȣ
ǺȈȒ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȑ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ǹȐȌȍȓȐ ȖȗțșȚȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȎȌȈȓȐ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘȣ ȊȣȠȓȐ ȚȐȝȖ ȕȈ ȞȣȗȖȟȒȈȝ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧ-
ȓȐșȤ ȏȈ șȊȖȦ ȖȉȣȟȕțȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț dzȖȊȍȓȤ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȊȣȠ-
Ȓț ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ ȕȍȉȖ
ǶȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȗȖȓȖȋ șȖȔȒȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȏȈȗȈȌȍ ȕȖ ȏȈȚȖ ȕȈ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȖȑ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȚȍȔȕȈȧ ȗȖȓȖ-
șȈ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȧȦȡȈȧșȧ Ȓ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚț Ȑ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ ȏȊȍ-
ȏȌȣ dzȖȊȍȓȤ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȘȖȒȖȊȖȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȒȖȕȟȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȒȖȔȍ-
ȚȈ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ țȌȈȓȧȍȚșȧ
ǶȚȘȈȊȓȍȕ ȓȐ ȊȖȏȌțȝ" ǷȖȋȐȉȓȐ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ ȎȐȊȖȚ-
ȕȣȍ"
Ƕȕ ȗȖȏȊȈȓ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘȈ Ȑ ȖȉȈ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ Ȋȍȡȍ-
ȊȖȑ șȒȓȈȌ ȋȌȍ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȚȖȘ ǷȖȌȕȧȓȐ
șȚȈȓȤȕțȦ ȗȓȐȚț Ȑ șȚȈȊȕȐ
ǰȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈ ȌȖȓȐȕȈ ǷțȠȒȐ ȗȖ-
ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȎȍȘȓȈȔȐ ǵȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȖȒȖȓȖ
ȕȐȝ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǺȖȓȗȈ șȖȉȘȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȒȘțȎȒȐ ȗȖșȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȝ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȚȘȐȉțȕȣ Ȑ ș ȕȐȝ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȋȖȊȖȘȐ-
ȓȐ ȖȘȈȚȖȘȣ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȖ ȎȍșȚȐȒțȓȐȘțȧ ȚȖ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȖ
ȚȖ ȕȈ ȌȖȔ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȑ
©ǶȕȐ șȖȊȍȡȈȦȚșȧ — ȗȖȕȧȓ dzȖȊȍȓȤ. — ǪȖȏȌțȝ ȕȍ ȖȚȘȈȊ-
ȓȍȕª
ǰȕȎȍȕȍȘȣ ȕȍ ȖȚȘȣȊȈȧșȤ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ
ǺȖȓȗȈ ȏȈȠȍȊȍȓȐȓȈșȤ ȘȈȏȉȘȍȓȈșȤ ȗȖ ȋȘțȗȗȈȔ ȊȕȖȊȤ șȓȐ-
ȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȊȣȌȊȐȕțȓȈ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔ ȉȍ-
ȓȣȔ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȍȔ ȇșȕȖ ȊȐȌȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ șȈȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȉțȒȊȣ ȕȈȌȗȐ-
șȐ
©ǷȘȐȔȐȚȍ ȌȍȗțȚȈȞȐȦ ȐȓȐ Ȕȣ ȊȏȖȘȊȍȔ ȊȈș ȕȈ ȊȖȏȌțȝª
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ǬȍȗțȚȈȞȐȧ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ȒȘțȚȣȍ țșȓȖȊȐȧ

DzȖȘȖȓȐ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ țȗȓȈȚȐȚȤ 10 ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȖȊ ȕȈ ȘȈȏ-
ȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȕțȎȌȣ
ǹȊȍȘȝ ȚȖȋȖ, ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȕȐ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ țȌȈȓȐ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ ȗȍȠȒȖȔ ȌȖ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȍȑ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ
ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ
— ǮȐȏȕȐ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȕȍ ȋȘȖȏȐȚ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ — ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȖ
țșȗȖȒȈȐȊȈȓȐ ȌȍȗțȚȈȚȣ
ǹ ȗȖȎȍȓȚȍȊȠȐȔȐ ȖȉȘȦȏȋȠȐȔȐ ȓȐȞȈȔȐ ș ȔțȚȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈ--
ȏȈȔȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕ ȖȌȐȕ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȑ șȚȘȈȝ ȔȐȓ-
ȓȐȈȘȌȍȘȣ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȓ șȚȖȓț Ȑ ȗȖȌȗȐșȣȊȈȓȐ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȣȍ
ȟȍȒȐ
ǸȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓ Ȑ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȌȖȘȖȎȕȣȑ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ
Șțȝȕțȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȊȍȘ ǰȏ ȊȐșȒȈ ȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȚȖȕȒȈȧ șȚȘțȑȒȈ ȒȘȖȊȐ Ȑ
Ȋ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ șȎȈȚȖȑ ȘțȒȍ ȌȣȔȐȓșȧ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ
ǴȍȎȌț ȌȊțȝ șȚȍȕ ȗȓȖȚȕȖ șȚȖȧȡȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȠȓȐ ȒȖȘȖȓȐ Ȑȝ
șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȈ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘȣ ȊȘȈȟ Ȑ șȓțȋȐ ǬȈȔȣ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ
ȊȍȟȍȘȕȐȝ ȌȍȒȖȓȤȚȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȗȓȈȚȤȧȝ Ȑ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȣ șȊȍȘ-
ȒȈȓȐ ȘȈȌțȎȕȣȔȐ ȖȋȕȧȔȐ ȕȈ Ȑȝ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȉȦșȚȈȝ
ǴȍȘȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȧ Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȠȈȋȈȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖȋȖȕȧȍȔȣȍ șȒȊȖȏȤ
șȚȘȖȑ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȊȠȍȑ ȚȖȓȗȖȦ Ȑ șȓțȋȐ ȕȍșȓȐ ȚȘțȗ șȈȔȖțȉȐȑ-
Ȟȣ Ȉ șȏȈȌȐ ȖȗțșȚȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȓ ȏȍȔȓȍ Ȑ ȗȖȌȎȐȔȈȧ ȝȊȖșȚ ȔȍȎ-
Ȍț ȕȖȋ țȕȣȓȖ ȉȘȍȓ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȕȤȦȜȈțȕȌȓȍȕȌ
ǺȖȓȗȈ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȈ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȋțȌȍȓȐ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ ǹȖȚȕȐ Țȣșȧȟ ȋȖȓȖșȖȊ șȓȐȓȐșȤ
Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȒȘȐȒ Ȑ, ȒȈȒ țȌȈȘȣ ȉȐȟȈ, ȖȉȘțȠȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖȏȖȘȧȡȐȍ ȊȖȏ-
ȋȓȈșȣ ȕȈ ȠȍȌȠȐȝ Ȋ șȔțȡȍȕȐȐ Ȑ șȚȣȌȍ
— ǸȈȏȊȍȕȟȈȕȕȣȍ ȒȖȘȖȓȐ ǸȈȏȊȍȕȟȈȕȕȣȍ ȒȖȘȖȓȐ
Ǩ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȍ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȏȊȍȏȌȈ Ȋ ȏȍȕȐȚȍ Ȑ Ȗȋȕȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȗȖȓȖȋ Ȋșȍ ȠȐȘȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓșȧ ș ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȗș-
ȊȖȉȖȎȌȈȧ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȖȚ ȠȈȚȘȈ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȈȧ Ȓ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ

28
ǵǮDZǼǰǼǾ ©ǯdzǹǼǷ ǸȁǰȆǶǻǸǶª
ȂȎțȠȎȕȖȭ
I
ǿȍȘȕȈȧ ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȋȕȈȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ǹȐȕȖȔ ȗȖ ȗȧȚȈȔ
ǶȌȕȖ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ Ȟȍȓȣȍ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȈ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȊȈȓȒț
ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȚȘțȗȖȊ ǷȖȟȍȘȕȍȊȠȐȍ ȕȍțȏȕȈȊȈȍȔȣȍ ȊȈȓȧ-
ȓȐșȤ ȖȕȐ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ ȌȖȔȖȊ ș ȗȖȋȈșȠȐȔȐ ȖȟȈȋȈȔȐ
ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȜȈȕȏ ȏȐȧȦȡȐȝ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȌȊȍȘȧȔȐ ǶȚȚțȌȈ ȏȈșȓȣ-
ȠȈȊȠȐ ȠțȔ ȠȈȋȖȊ ȊȣȉȍȋȈȓȐ șȖȉȈȒȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȓȐ ȗȘȖȝȖ-
ȎȍȋȖ ȏȓȖȉȕȣȔȐ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȦȡȍ ȗȖȌȕȐ-
ȔȈȧ ȖȒȘȖȊȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȔȖȘȌȣ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȘțȗȖȊ șȖȉȈȒȐ ȊȖȏȤȔțȚșȧ ȏȈ ȎȐȊȣȝ ȕȖ
ȗȖȒȈ ȘȖșȒȖȠȍșȚȊțȦȚ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȘȍȌȕȐȟȈȦȚ ȓȈȒȖȔȧșȤ ȔȍȘȚȊȣ-
ȔȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȌȍȚȤȔȐ Ȑ ȉȘȍȏȋȓȐȊȖ ȖȉȝȖȌȧ șȚȈȘȣȝ Ȑ ȝț-
Ȍȣȝ ȔțȎȟȐȕ
ǻ ǹȐȕȈ țȔȍȘȓȐ Ȋșȍ ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȔȈȚȤ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȎȍȕȈ ș ȋȘțȌȕȣȔ
ȘȍȉȍȕȒȖȔ ȌȊȍ ȌȖȟȍȘȐ
ǻȔȍȘ șȖșȍȌ — ȚȖȓșȚȣȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ȘȖșȚȖȊȡȐȒ Ȑ ȌȖȔ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȏ-
ȋȘȈȉȐȓȐ ȕȖ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȍ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȋȌȍ ȝȘȈȕȐȓ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȝȐȚȘȣȑ ǺȈȕ-
ǽȖ ǻ ȒȖȓȖȌȞȈ ȊȈȓȧȓșȧ șȒȖȘȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȚȘțȗ ȏȕȈȝȈȘȧ Ȑ ȕȈ ȟȍȘ-
ȕȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ ȍȋȖ șȔȍȠȕȖ ȚȖȘȟȈȓȈ ȒȊȍȘȝț șȍȌȈȧ ȖșȚȘȖȒȖȕȍȟȕȈȧ
ȉȖȘȖȌȒȈ Ȑ ȠȍȊȍȓȐȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȊȍȚȘȈ
ǹȐȕ ȕȍ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȏȈȘȈȏȣ ǪȔȍșȚȍ ș ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ȋȘȈȉȐȓ ȗȖȒȖȑ-
ȕȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȊȖȘȖȟȈȓ Ȑȝ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȖȉȘțȉȒȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ǩȣȓ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖ-
ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȍȕ Ȓ țȎȈșȈȔ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȈ ȔȣșȓȤ ȗȘȍ-
șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȈ Ȑ ȔțȟȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ǻȔȘȍȚ ǹȐȕ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȧȚ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ
ȖȉȘȧȌț Ȑ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȋȐȓȣ Ȑ ȏȓȣȍ ȌțȝȐ
ȖȊȓȈȌȍȦȚ ȍȋȖ ȚȘțȗȖȔ
ǰ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ ǹȐȕ ș ȏȈȊȐșȚȤȦ ȒȈȒȖȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȊȣȗȈȓȖ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȕȈ ȌȖȓȦ ȍȋȖ ȌȧȌȐ ǩȣȓ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘȍȕ Ȓ șȔȍȘȚȕȖȑ ȒȈȏȕȐ
ȏȕȈȚȕȣȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ Ȉ ȌȧȌȧ ȊȣȏȊȈȓșȧ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȔȍȕȐȚȤ Ȑ ȖȚȌȈȓșȧ Ȋ
ȘțȒȐ ȗȈȓȈȟȈ ǰ ȏȈ ȥȚȖ ȝȖȘȖȕȐȓȐ ȌȧȌȦ șȖ ȊșȍȔȐ ȗȖȟȍșȚȧȔȐ

29
ȒȈȒ ȉȖȋȈȚȖȋȖ ȊȍȓȤȔȖȎț ǪșȧȒȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȏȈȉȖȚȐȚȤșȧ
Ȗ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȈȝ
Ǩ ȚȍȓȖ ǹȐȕȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȈȓȧȚȤșȧ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ Ȑ șȖȉȈȒȐ ȉțȌțȚ ȚȍȘ-
ȏȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȚȐȞȣ ȝȐȡȕȣȍ ȒȓȍȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȘȈșȚȈȡȈȚ ȒȖșȚȐ ǹȐȕȈ
ǰ Ȗȕ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȌȊțȔȧ ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȘȖȍ
ȎȐȊȣȝ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȗȖșȍȓȒȍ

30
II
Ǫ ȚȈȑȕȖȔ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ ©ǵȍȕȦȜȈȘȈª ȐȓȐ ©ǩȍȓȖȑ ȒțȊȠȐȕ-
ȒȐª ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȏȈșȍȌȈȕȐȍ
ǰ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ șȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȖȌȕȐ ©ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȍª Ȍȓȧ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȝ Ȋșȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖ ǰ ȗȖȚȖȔț Ȋ ȉȍșȍȌȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓȐ
ȊȖ ȘȚț ȌȊțȝ ȧȏȣȒȖȊ Ȑ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓȐșȤ ȌȘțȋ ș ȌȘțȋȖȔ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖ
ǷȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȚȈȘȣȑ șȍȌȖȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȑ Ȋșȍ-
ȔȐ țȊȈȎȈȍȔȣȑ ȒțȗȍȞ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȑ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȘȍȊȖ-
ȓȦȞȐȖȕȍȘȣ Ƕȕ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȏȈșȍȌȈȕȐȍ ȒȘȈȚȒȖȑ ȘȍȟȤȦ
— ǩȘȈȚȤȧ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȚȈȑȕȣ ȉȓȐȏȖȒ ȟȈș ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ
ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȕȈȟȈȚȤ șȊȧȚȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȘȖȌȐȕȣ
ǻ ȕȈș ȌȊȈ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȘȈȋȈ ǴȈȕȤȟȎțȘșȒȈȧ ȌȐȕȈșȚȐȧ
ȅȚȖ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȊȘȈȋ ȕȈȠ Ȉ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȍ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȣ ǶȚ
ȕȐȝ Ȕȣ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȐȏȉȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ȓȐȠȤ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȗțȚȍȔ ǵȈțȟȐȔșȧ
ȊșȍȔ Ȑȝ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȧȔ ȏȈȊȍȌȍȔ șȊȖȍ ȊȖȑșȒȖ șȊȖȑ ȜȓȖȚ Ƕȉț-
ȟȐȔ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȕȈȠȐȝ Ȋșȍȑ Ȑȝ ȔțȌȘȖșȚȐ ǰ ȘȈȏȌȈșȚșȧ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔț
ȔȐȘț ȋȖȓȖș șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȋȖ DzȐȚȈȧ ȘțȒȐ ȗȘȖȟȤ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȣ
ǵȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕțȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȕȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ șȊȍȘȋȕțȚȤ ȕȍȕȈȊȐ-
șȚȕțȦ ȔȈȕȤȟȎțȘșȒțȦ ȌȐȕȈșȚȐȦ
— ǬȖȓȖȑ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȝ ȔȈȕȤȟȎțȘȖȊ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓȖ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȋȖ-
ȓȖș Ȋșȍ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ — ǬȖȓȖȑ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ ȕȈȠȍȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ
ȖȉȕȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ
ǰ ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǷțșȚȤ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȖȚȒȘȖȍȚ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȏȕȈȍȚ
ǰ ș ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȓȐȞȈȔȐ șȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȉțȘ-
ȕȖȍ ȗȓȈȔȧ ȚȈȧȡȍȍșȧ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ©ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕ-
ȕȣȍª
— ǩȖȋ ȋȕȍȊȈ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓ Ȓ ȕȈȔ țȎȈșȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ șȊȖȍ ǿȍȘȕȈȧ
ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȗȘȖșȚȍȘȓȈ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ șȊȖȐ ȕȈȌ ǴȈȕȤȟȎțȘȐȍȑ ǴȈȕȏȣ
ȉȍȋțȚ Ȑȏ ȘȖȌȐȕȣ șȚȈȊȠȍȑ ȌȖȓȐȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȑ ȘȈȏȕȖșȧȚ ȟțȔț
ȗȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȐ ǿȓȍȕȣ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȧȦȚ
șȓțȝ ȟȚȖ ȟțȔȈ ȘȈșȗțȡȍȕȈ ȕȈȘȖȟȕȖ ȘțșșȒȐȔȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȊȓȈ-
ȌȍȚȤ ǴȈȕȤȟȎțȘȐȍȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ Ȋșȧ ȊȣȔȘȍȚ ǰ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȕȈȠ Ȋȍ-
ȘȐȚ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȐȚ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȍȊ ǵȖ ȟțȔȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȗȖȋțȉȐȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȕȈȠȐ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȖȚȖȑ-

31
ȌȍȚ Ȋ ȉțȌțȡȍȍ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȌ ȊȖșșȚȈȊȠȐȔ ȕȈ-
ȘȖȌȖȔ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȍȚșȧ ȏȕȈȔȧ ©ǩȍȓȖȑ ȒțȊȠȐȕȒȐª
— ǷțșȚȤ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȒȈȎȍȚ șȓȖȊȖ ȉȘȈȚ ȕȈȠ ȖȉțȟȈȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȋ
ǭȊȘȖȗȍ ȔțȌȘȖșȚȐ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȖȊ ȖșȚȘȐȋȠȐȑ ȒȖșț Ȑ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȐȊȠȐȑ ȖȌȍȎȌț ȕȖ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȊȠȐȑ ȊȍȘȕȖșȚȤ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȔț ȕȈ-
ȘȖȌț Ȑ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤ Ȓ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȈȔ
— Ǫȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȟțȔȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȋțȉȐȚȤ ȕȈș Ǩ ȧ șȒȈȎț
ǿȍȘȕȈȧ ǹȔȍȘȚȤ — ȕȈȠȈ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȈ ǹȊȖȉȖȌȈ ȗȖȒțȗȈȍȚ-
șȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȞȍȕȖȦ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ ȎȐȏȕȍȑ ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ
ȘȖȌȐȕȈ ȕȈȠȈ ȊȐȌȐȚ ȋȐȉȍȓȤ ȕȍȐșȟȐșȓȐȔȖȋȖ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȈ șȣȕȖȊ
șȊȖȐȝ DzȐȚȈȦ ȓȐ șȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ" ǵȖ ǿȍȘȕȈȧ ǹȔȍȘȚȤ Ȋȕț-
ȠȈȍȚ țȎȈș ȐȕȖȏȍȔȞȈȔ ǵȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȤ ȕȈș
ȖȚ ȗȖȒțȠȍȕȐȧ ȘțșșȒȐȝ Ȑ Ȋșȍȝ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȍȊ ©ǿȍȘȕȈȧ ǹȔȍȘȚȤª
ȗțșȚȤ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚ Ȑȝ șȚȘȈȕȣ Ȑ ȟțȔȈ șȖȊȤȍȚ ȋȕȍȏȌȈ Ȋ ȕȍȌȘȈȝ Ȑȝ
ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊ
— ǵȖ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȣ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ țȔȐȘȈȦȚ ȖȚ ȟțȔȣ Ȑ ȋȘȈ-
ȕȐȞȣ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȦȚșȧ
— ǵȈȌȖ ȊȊȍȏȚȐ ȟțȔț ȊȕțȚȘȤ ǸȖșșȐȐ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȑ Ȋ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑ-
șȒȐȍ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȈ Ǫȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȣ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ țȔȐ-
ȘȈȦȚ ȅȚȖ ȕȍȗȘȈȊȌȈ ǵȍ țȔȐȘȈȦȚ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȍ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒȐ Ȓțȗ-
Ȟȣ DzȖȋȌȈ ț ȕȐȝ ȌȖȔȈ ȉȣȊȈȦȚ ȝȖȓȍȘȈ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȋțȉȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ
ȥȗȐȌȍȔȐȐ ȔȘțȚ șȖȚȕȧȔȐ ȉȍȌȕȧȒȐ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕȍ Ȉ Ȑȏ
ȉȖȋȈȚȣȝ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȐȍ ǿȍȘȕȈȧ ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȗȖșȍȓȐȚȤ-
șȧ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȝȐȎȐȕȈȝ ȜȈȕȏȈȝ Ȋ ȕȖȟȓȍȎȕȣȝ ȌȖȔȈȝ ȊȍȘȚȍȗȈȝ Ȋ
ȌȖȔȈȝ ȋȌȍ șȍȓȐȚșȧ ȉȍȌȕȖșȚȤ Ǫȣ șȗȘȖșȐȚȍ ȒȈȒ ȊȊȍȏȚȐ ȟțȔț
ȗȘȐ ȖȝȘȈȕȍ ȋȘȈȕȐȞ" Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȈȔ ȕȈțȒȈ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȌȤȧ-
ȊȖȓȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȖȕȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȉțȟȐȓȐ
ǰȝ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȈȧ ȕȈțȒȈ ȌȈ ȗȖșȓțȎȐȚ ȖȘțȎȐȍȔ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȕȐȝ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȕȈȌȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȉȘȈȚ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȚȈȑȕȣ ȉȍ-
ȓȣȝ"
— ǿțȔȕȖȑ ȧȌ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȖȝȘȈȕȧȚȤ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȝ
ȚȘțȉȖȟȒȈȝ ȗȓȖȚȕȖ ȏȈȚȒȕțȚȣȝ ǸȈȏȊȍ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ȕȍ șțȔȍȍȚ șȗȘȧ-
ȚȈȚȤ ȚȘțȉȖȟȒț ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȍȍ ȕȍ ȕȈȑȌȍȚ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȌȖșȔȖȚȘȡȐȒ" ǺȈȔ
ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ȧȌ ȕțȎȕȖ ȗȘȐȊȐȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ǷțșȚȤ Ȗȕ ȝȖȌȐȚ ȊșȦ-
Ȍț ǵȖȟțȍȚ Ȋ ȕȖȟȓȍȎȕȣȝ ȌȖȔȈȝ ȞȍȓțȍȚ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ Ȋ ȌȖȔȈȝ ȕȈ-
șȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȖȉȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȗȤȧȕȣȝ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȝ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ ȉțȚȣȓ-
ȒȐ ǷțșȚȤ ȊșȦȌț ȚȈȑȕȖ ȘȈȏȕȖșȐȚ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȧȌ ǿȍȘȕȖȑ ǹȔȍȘ-
ȚȐ DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȖȊ Ȋ șȈȔȣȝ ȕȍȌȘȈȝ Ȑȝ

32
ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊ ȕȍ ȗȖȑȌțȚ ȐȕȖȏȍȔȞȣ Ȓ ȕȈȔ ȗȖȓȕȣȍ ȏȈȉȖȚ Ȗ șȖȉ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ șȗȈșȍȕȐȐ ǰ Ȕȣ ȟȓȍȕȣ ©ǩȍȓȖȑ ȒțȊȠȐȕȒȐª șȖ-
ȊȍȘȠȐȔ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȕțȎȕȖ ȕȍ ȉȖȧșȤ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȔȍȠȈȚȍȓȤ-
șȚȊȈ ǯȊȍȏȌȈ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ ȏȈșȐȧȍȚ ȕȈȌ DzȐȚȈȍȔ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȊȖȏȋȓȈșȐȚ
©Ǫȣ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȘȈșȚȍȘȏȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȟȈșȚȐ — ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȊȖșșȚȈȦ
ȕȈ ȊȈș Ȑ ȗȖȒȖȘȦ ȊȈș Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȦșȤ ȊȓȈȌȣȒȖȑ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ Ȑ
ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ ǬȘȈȒȖȕ ȖȉȖȊȤȍȚ ȒȖȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȏȍȔȕȖȑ ȠȈȘ Ȑ ȚȣșȧȟȐ
Țȣșȧȟ ȗȈșȚȍȑ ȍȋȖ ȐȏȘȣȋȕțȚ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȕȈ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȧȦȡȐȝșȧ».
ǰ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȖȍ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓȖ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȋȖȓȖș
—ǬȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȈȒ
ǵȖ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȠțȔ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓșȧ ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
— ǫȌȍ Ȏȍ ȕȈȑȌȍȠȤ Țȣ ȉȘȈȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȖȋȓȈ-
șȐȓșȧ ȉȣ ȗȘȐȊȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȋțȉȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȧȌ Ȑ țȔȍȘȍȚȤ ȏȓȖȦ șȔȍȘ-
ȚȤȦ"
— ȇ ȕȈȑȌț ȚȈȒȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ șȘȍȌȐ ȔȈȕȏ ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȍȡȈȚȤ
ȐȔ ȏȈ șȔȍȘȚȤ
ǰ ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— DzȈșșȈ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ©ǩȍȓȖȑ ȒțȊȠȐȕȒȐª ȖȚȒȘȣȚȈ Ȍȓȧ Țȍȉȧ
ǰ ȖȚȕȣȕȍ ȐȔȧ ȚȊȖȍ ©ǩȘȈȚ ǿȍȘȕȖȑ ǹȔȍȘȚȐª
III
ǿȍȘȕȈȧ ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȋȕȈȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ǹȐȕȖȔ ȗȖ ȗȧȚȈȔ
Ǫ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖȔ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȖȚ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ țȗȈȓ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȚȖȊȈ-
ȘȐȡȍȑ ȕȍșȠȐȑ ȔȍȠȖȒ ș ȒȖșȈȔȐ ȖȚȘȍȏȈȕȕȣȔȐ ț ȟțȔȕȣȝ ȚȘț-
ȗȖȊ ǪȖȓȖșȣ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȌȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȝȖȘȖȠțȦ Ȟȍȕț ȓȣ-
șȣȔ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȣȕțȎȌȍȕȣ ȕȖșȐȚȤ ȗȖȌȊȧȏȕțȦ ȒȖșț,
ȥȚȖȚ șȐȔȊȖȓ ȊȍȘȕȖșȚȐ ȔȈȕȤȟȎțȘșȒȖȑ ȌȐȕȈșȚȐȐ
ǰ ȖșȚȈȊȐȊ ȒȖȘȟȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌșȔȍȘȚȕȣȝ ȔțȒȈȝ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ
ȌȊȖȍ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ țȗȈȓ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȖȉȘȍȔȍȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȖ-
Ƞȍȑ ȕȈȋȘȈȉȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȉȘȈ Ƕȕ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȕȈȊȏȕȐȟȤ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ șȊȍȘ-
ȒȈȓȐ ȉȍȓȒȐ Ȋȣȗțȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ ȋȘțȌȤ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȈȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ
ȘȈȕȍȕȖȑ ȗȚȐȞȣ Ȑ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȘȖȚ ȓȖȊȐȓ ȔȖȘȖȏȕȣȑ
ȊȖȏȌțȝ ǵȖ ȕȍțȋȈșȐȔ ȖȋȖȕȤ ǿȍȘȕȖȑ ǹȔȍȘȚȐ ȗȖȎȐȘȈȦȡȐȑ Ȋȕț-
ȚȘȍȕȕȖșȚȐ

33
ǰ ǹȐȕ ȖșȚȈȊȐȊ țȔȐȘȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
ȖȌȐȕ
ǰ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ǹȐȕț ȟȚȖ ȚȍȔȕȖȍ ȖȉȓȈȒȖ ȉȍȋțȡȍȍ ȗȖ ȕȍȉț Ȑ
ȉȘȖșȈȦȡȍȍ ȚȍȕȤ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȕȍ ȖȉȓȈȒȖ Ȉ șȈȔȈ ǿȍȘȕȈȧ ǹȔȍȘȚȤ,
ȌȖȋȖȕȧȦȡȈȧ șȊȖȦ ȎȍȘȚȊț
ǰ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ǹȐȕ ȟȚȖ ȚȍȘȧȍȚ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ Ƕȋȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȘț-
ȋȐ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȐ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ Ȑ ȘȈșȗȓȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȊȣȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȐșȤ
șȓȖȊȕȖ ȊȣȘȈșȚȈȓȐ ț ȕȐȝ ȝȊȖșȚȣ Ȑ Ȋ ȉȍȏțȔȐȐ țȎȈșȈ ǹȐȕ ȒȘȐ-
ȟȈȓ ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕ ǬȘȈȒȖȕª Ȑ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ țȗȈȓ
— ǿȍȘȕȈȧ ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȕȈșȚȐȋȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǹȐȕ Ȑ ȖȚ țȎȈ-
șȈ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȓ șȘȈȏț Ȓ ȚȖșȒȓȐȊȖȔț ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȐȦ
ǹȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȏȈȊȖȓȈȒȐȊȈȓȖ ȌȣȔȒȖȑ ȖȋȕȍȔ ȗȈȓȐȓȖ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ șȕȍȋ ȕȍ ȖȝȓȈȎȌȈȓ ȎȈȘȈ .
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— ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍȚ ȟțȔȣ ǷȘȖșȚȖ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȤ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȋȖȓȖȌȈȕȐȍ
— ǹȚȘȈȕȕȖ ǴȈȕȏȈ Ȉ ȗȖȝȖȎ ȕȈ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȈ ǭșȓȐ ȖșȚȘȐȟȤ
ȍȔț ȒȖșț
— ǺțȚ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ Ǫ ǴȈȕȤȟȎțȘȐȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ șȔȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȘȈș
— ǪȗȖȓȕȍ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡȐȑ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș șțȉȢȍȒȚ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ șȖȋȓȈ-
șȐȚșȧ ȓȐ"
—ǬȖȓȎȍȕ șȖȋȓȈșȐȚȤșȧ
ǪȍșȤ ȚȘȍȗȍȡȈ ȖȚ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȦȡȍȑșȧ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǹȐȕ
șȓȣȠȈȓ ȥȚȐ ȘȍȟȐ ȕȈȌ șȊȖȍȦ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤȦ ȒțȌȈ ȟȤȧ-ȚȖ ȏȈȉȖȚ-
ȓȐȊȈȧ ȘțȒȈ țȓȖȎȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ
ǰ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȌȊȖȍ ȖȌȐȕ Ȋ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ȖȌȍȎȌȍ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȑ Ȋ șȦȘȚțȒȍ ȉȍȏ ȒȖșȣ ǵȖ Ȋ ȖȉȖȐȝ ǹȐȕ țȏȕȈȓ șȖȖȚȍȟȍșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ
ǰ, ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȊȣȏȌȖȘȖȊȍȓ ȍȔț șȒȈȏȈȓȐ
— Ǻȣ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ Țȍȉȍ ȗȘȐȒȈȎțȚ Ȑ Țȣ țȔ-
ȘȍȠȤ ȕȖ ȚȍȓȖ ȚȊȖȍ ȌȖșȚȈȊȧȚ ȕȈ ȘȖȌȐȕț Ȑ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȧȚ ȒȈȒ
ȔȈȕȌȈȘȐȕȈ
ǰ ǹȐȕ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ
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Ǫ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ ȒȓȈșșȍ șȐȉȐȘșȒȖȋȖ ȥȒșȗȘȍșșȈ ȔȟȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ș
ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ ȕȈ ǯȈȗȈȌ Ȑ țȎȍ ȗȍȘȍȊȈȓȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ǻȘȈȓ ȍȝȈȓ
ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ȖȌȍȚȣȑ ȗȖ-ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖȘȈȎȈȓ Ȋșȍȝ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ
ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȖȊ ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ȔȈȕȍȘ Ȑ ȏȕȈȕȐȍȔ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ
ȧȏȣȒȖȊ ǹ ȕȐȔ ȍȝȈȓ șȓțȋȈ ȉȍȏ ȒȖșȣ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȊȠȐȑ ȓȐȞȖȔ
ȗȖȓțȔȖȕȋȖȓȤșȒȐȑ ȚȐȗ șȐȉȐȘșȒȖȋȖ ȒȈȏȈȒȈ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ©ǩȘȈȚ ǿȍȘȕȖȑ ǹȔȍȘȚȐª Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȣȑ șȓțȋȈ ȍȋȖ,
ǹȐȕ

35
ǷȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ǿȐȎȖȊ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȝȓȖȘȖȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȒȘțȗ-
ȕțȦ ȊȖȌȧȕțȦ ȓȧȋțȠȒț Ȑ ȘȈșȗȧȓ ȍȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȖȔ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȕȈ ȌȍȘȍ-
ȊȧȕȕȖȑ ȌȖȡȍȟȒȍ Ȍȓȧ ȊșȒȘȣȚȐȧ
dzȈȗȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȐȒȖȓȖȚȣ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȉțȓȈȊȒȈȔȐ ȉȍȓȖȍ
ȉȘȦȠȒȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȖȗțșȒȈȓȖșȤ ȖȚ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȍȒȘȈș-
ȕȣȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȌȍȘȕțȚȣȍ ȌȣȔ-
ȒȖȑ ȕȈȘȒȖȏȈ
— Ǩ ȊȍȌȤ ȖȕȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȖȝȖȎȈ ȕȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ — ș ȖȚȚȍȕȒȖȔ
ȎȈȓȖșȚȐ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ țȟȍȕȐȒȖȊ-ȓȈȉȖȘȈȕȚȖȊ
ǿȐȎȖȊ ȘȈșȝȖȝȖȚȈȓșȧ
— Ǫ șȚȈȘȐȕț șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȟțȌȈȒ țȊȍȘȧȊȠȐȑ
ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȗȖȝț ȏȈȊȘȖȊ ȗȚȍȘȖȌȈȒȚȐȓȍȑ Ȑ ȏțȉȈȚȣȝ ȗȚȐȞ ȓȦȌȐ
ȗȓȈȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȓȧȋțȠȍȒ ȇ șȍȑȟȈș ȊȈȔ ȗȖȒȈȎț ȕȈ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȍ ȖȘȋȈȕȣ ȓȧȋțȠȒȐ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȦȚșȧ ȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍ-
ȟȍșȒȐȝ
ǷȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ Ȋȏȧȓ șȒȈȓȤȗȍȓȤ Ȑ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȊ ȍȋȖ ȖșȚȘȐȍ ȕȈ
ȕȖȋȚȍ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓșȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȚȤ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ — ȏȈȎȐȊȖ ȊșȒȘȣȚȤ
ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȖȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ
— ǴȖȎȕȖ ȊȖȑȚȐ" — ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȋȖȓȖș ȏȈ ȌȊȍȘȤȦ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖ-
ȘȐȐ
— ǪȝȖȌȐȚȍ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǿȐȎȖȊ țȏȕȈȊȈȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȊȠȍȋȖ
ǸȍȋȍȓȤ ȉȣȓ ȊȣșȖȒȖȋȖ ȘȖșȚȈ ȝțȌȖȑ șțȚțȓȖȊȈȚȣȑ șȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
ȌȖȔ ȐșȗȖȌȓȖȉȤȧ

36
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȊȝȖȌȐȓ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ șȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ©ǻȉȐȓ Țȣ ȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ ȐȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȖȉȐȘȈȍȠȤșȧ țȉȐȚȤ"ª
ǵȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȔȘȈȟȕȖȋȖ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ ȊșȧȒȐȑ țȉȍȎ-
ȌȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȕȈșțȗȐȊȠȐȑșȧ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ, Ȋ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ, ȉȍș-
ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȌȖȉȘȣȑ ȖȚȏȣȊȟȐȊȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȍ ȖȉȐȌȐȚ
Ȑ ȔțȝȐ
— ǵț ȒȈȒ ȊȈȠȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȗȖ ȗȈȓȍȖȕȚȖȓȖȋȐȐ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ
ǿȐȎȖȊ ȌȘțȎȍșȒȐ ȗȖȎȐȔȈȧ ȘțȒț ǸȍȋȍȓȦ
— DzȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ǩȘȖȎț Ȋ ȗȖȚȍȔȒȈȝ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȊȐȎț
ȗȘȖșȊȍȚȣ ǹȌȍȓȈȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȉ Ȋ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȍ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȔ
ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ ȕȈ șȈȔȣȍ ȗȘȖșȚȣȍ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ
— ǵȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ"
— ǬȈ ȊȖȚ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȊȖȗȘȖș Ȗ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǬȈȘ-
ȊȐȕ ȕȈȋȘȈȌȐȓ ȕȈș ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȖȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȔ ȗȘȍȌȒȖȔ ȅȚȈ ȋȐȗȖȚȍ-
ȏȈ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈȝȖȌȒȖȑ ȕȍȈȕȌȍȘȚȈȓȤșȒȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȍȗȈ ǹȓȍ-
ȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȖ ȋȓȈȊȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȖșȓȖȊȕȖȋȖ ȌȘȍȊȈ —
ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȈ ǶȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȗȖȘȖȌ șȚȈȓȈ ȗȘȖȋȘȍșșȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ țȔșȚȊȍȕȕȖ
Ȑ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ șȓȖȎȐȓșȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ ȚȐȗ — homo sapiens.
ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȋȍȑȌȍȓȤȉȍȘȋșȒȐȑ ȟȍȘȍȗ * Ȑ ȚȍȖȘȐȧ Șțȝ-
ȕțȓȈ ǭșȚȤ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȖȒ ȕȈȠ ȉȣȓ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȔ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȐȋȍȕȚȕȣȔ Ȉ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȈ — ȗȘȖ-
ȌțȒȚ ȖȌȐȟȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȊȣȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȅȚȖ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȍȚ Ȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈȔ
ȌȐȒȈȘȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȣ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȣ — ȖȌȐȟȈȊȠȐȍ
ȓȦȌȐ Ǵȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ șȓȣȠȈȚȤ ȖȚ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȗșȈȓȖȔȡȐȒȈ
ȕȍȋȖȌțȦȡțȦ ȘȍȟȤ ©ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȖȚ Ȗȉȍ-
ȏȤȧȕȣ ȐȉȖ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȈ ȍșȚȤ ȒȈȘȐȒȈȚțȘȈ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖª ǰ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȤȚȍ Ȗȕ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȈȊ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȕȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȖȋȘȍșș ȕȈțȒȐ Ǫȣ șȈȔȐ
șȍȉȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȐȚȍ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȌȈȍȚȍ ȕȈ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȗȘȧȔȖȑ ȖȚȊȍȚ
— ǬȖȗțșȚȐȔ Ǩ ȖȚȒțȌȈ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ — ȖȉȡȐȑ ȗȘȍȌȖȒ
ȗȘȖȋȘȍșșȐȘțȦȡȍȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȖȘȖȌȣ Ȑ ȘȍȋȘȍșșȐȘțȦȡȍȑ
ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȤȍȑ" ǪȖȗȘȖș șȚȈȓ ȍȡȍ ȏȈȗțȚȈȕȕȍȍ
* Ɍɨɱɧɟɟ ɱɟɥɸɫɬɶ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ  ɝ ɛɥɢɡ Ƚɟɣɞɟɥɶɛɟɪɝɚ ɜ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɢ;
ɷɬɨɬ ɢɫɤɨɩɚɟɦɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɨɦ ɧɟɚɧ-
ɞɟɪɬɚɥɶɰɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ©Ƚɟɣɞɟɥɶɛɟɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤª +RPR KHLGHO-
bergensis).

37
ǿȐȎȖȊ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȦ
— Ǫȣ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȕȈțȟȕȣȑ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȍȘ ȔȖȑ ȔȐȓȣȑ Ȉ ȧ șȚȈ-
Șȣȑ ȗȖȏȐȚȐȊȐșȚ Ȑ ș ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȓȦ Ȓ ȊșȒȘȣ--
ȚȐȦ ȓȧȋțȠȒȐ
ǸȍȋȍȓȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȑȟȈș ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȍȘ-
ȚȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȏȍȔȕȖȊȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȘțȒț șȓȖȊȕȖ ȏȈȡȐȡȈȧ ȍȋȖ
ȖȚ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȕȖȎȈ
— ǵȍȚ ȖșȚȈȊȤȚȍ ǷȖȎȈȓȍȑȚȍ ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ȒȈȒȐȍ ț ȕȍȍ
ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǶȕȈ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȟȐșȚȖ ȗȖ-ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐ
— ǺȖ Ȏȍ șȈȔȖȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȔȖȑ țȟȍȕȐȒ Ƕȕ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȍȚ ȌȈ-
Ȏȍ ȟȚȖ ȓȧȋțȠȒȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȝȖȎȈ ȕȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ǸȍȋȍȓȤ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ Ȑ ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
—ǰȖȕ ȗȘȈȊ
— ȇ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȐ ȊșȒȘȣȚȐȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ
ȋȘȖȔȒȖ — ȧ ȗȖȑȌț Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȎȌț ȊȈș Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ǵȍ ȔțȟȤȚȍ ȍȍ
șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȉȍȌȕțȦ
ǷȘȖȊȖȎȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ǿȐȎȖȊ ȕȍ țȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤ
țȟȍȕȐȒȈȔ
— ǪȖȚ ȟțȌȈȒ-ȚȖ ǸȈșȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈȌ ȓȧȋțȠȒȖȑ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ ȖȉȈ țȟȍȕȣȝ șȐȌȍȓȐ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ȏȈ ȉțȚȣȓ-
ȒȖȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȐșȚȖȋȖ ȝȍȘȍșȈ ș ȉȐșȒȊȐȚȈȔȐ
— Ǩ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȧ ȕȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȓ ȖȚ ȊȈș ȚȈȒȖȑ șȍȕȚȐȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖ-
șȚȐ ǷȖȓȖȎȐȔ Ȋȣ ȊȖȏȐȚȍșȤ ș ȒȖșȚȧȔȐ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȔȍȘȠȐȝ ȎȐ-
ȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȕȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȐȏțȟȈȚȤ Ȑ ȎȐȊȣȍ șȖ-
ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȍ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘȣ
— ȇ Ȑ ȐȏțȟȈȓ
— ǰ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȊșȒȘȣȚȐȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȚȤ ȊȐȊȐșȍȒȞȐȐ"
— ȇ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȎț
— ǵȖ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȊȈȠț ȏȈȡȐȚț ȓȧȋțȠȒȐ"
ǸȍȋȍȓȤ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ
— ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ șȈȔ — ȕȈȟȈȓ Ȗȕ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȋȓțȝȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ —
ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȋȣ Ȕȕȍ ȊȕțȠȈȍȚȍ ȖșȖȉȖȍ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȍ Ȑ ȧ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȊȈȔ ȘȈș-
șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȝȘȈȕȐȓ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ Ȋ ȚȈȑȕȍ ȖȚ Ȋșȍȝ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ
ȓțȟȠȍ ȧ ȗȘȐȠȓȦ ȊȈȔ ȔȖȦ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȤ ȌȕȍȊȕȐȒ ǴȖȎȍȚȍ ȍȋȖ
ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ț șȍȉȧ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ǵȖ, ȟȐȚȈȧ ȕȍ țȚȍȠȈȑȚȍșȤ ȔȣșȓȤȦ
ȟȚȖ ȧ ȐȓȐ ȔȐșȚȐȜȐȒȈȚȖȘ ȐȓȐ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȑ Ǫșȍ ȌȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌ--
ȕȍȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȕȐ ȚȍȕȐ ȊȣȌțȔȒȐ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ǿȐȎȖȊ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȤ Ȑ ȚȈȒ țȊȓȍȒșȧ

38
ȍȦ ȟȚȖ ȟȐȚȈȓ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ȕȐȟȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȧșȤ
ǪșȚȘȍȚȐȊ Ǹȍȋȍȓȧ Ȗȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— DzȖȓȓȍȋȈ ȧ ȗȘȖȟȍȓ Ȋșȍ ǹȈȔȖȍ ȓțȟȠȍȍ ȍșȓȐ Ȕȣ ȕȐȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ǵȖ Ȋȣ ȌȖșȚȐȋȓȐ șȊȖȍȑ ȞȍȓȐ
ȧ ȕȍ ȉțȌț ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȘȍȏȈȚȤ ȓȧȋțȠȍȒ
ǸȍȋȍȓȤ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȍȔț ȘțȒț
ǹ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȍȚ ǻȔȍȘȓȐ ȖȉȈ țȟȍȕȣȝ Ȑ Șț-
ȒȖȗȐșȤ Ǹȍȋȍȓȧ ȒțȗȐȓ ȧ ȕȈ ȈțȒȞȐȖȕȍ Ȋȍȡȍȑ Ȋ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ ǿȐȎȖ-
ȊȈ ǬȕȍȊȕȐȒ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȖȉȢȍȔȐșȚ Ȑ ȧ șȌȍȓȈȓ Ȑȏ ȕȍȋȖ ȥȒșȚȘȈȒȚ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ ȖȚȌȈȦ ȕȈ șțȌ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ
ǸțȒȖȗȐșȤ Ȍ-ȘȈ Ǹȍȋȍȓȧ
I
Ǫ 25 ȓȍȚ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȖȌȍȘȎȐȔ șȚȘȈșȚȤȦ Ȓ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧȔ ț
Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȍ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ ȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȊȈȎȕȍȍ ȕȍȗȖȟȈ-
Țȣȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ șȐȓȣ Ȑ ȞȊȍȚțȡȍȍ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍ
Ǵȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȌȊțȝ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ ș ȚȈȒȐȔȐ Ȏȍ ȊȒțșȈ-
ȔȐ Ȑ șȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȔȖȐ
Ǵȣ ȖȉȢȍȏȌȐȓȐ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ șȚȘȈȕ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȧ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȗț-
ȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ȗȍȠȒȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȈȧșȤ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ ȖȗȈș-
ȕȖșȚȧȔ ȖȚ șȚȐȝȐȑ ȝȐȡȕȣȝ ȏȊȍȘȍȑ Ȑ ȌȐȒȈȘȍȑ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȉȘȖȌȧ Ȋ ȖȉȓȈșȚȐ ǹȒȈȓȐșȚȣȝ ȋȖȘ Ȕȣ ȏȈȕȖȟȍ-
ȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȌȖȓȐȕȍ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȕȖȑ ș ȚȘȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȋȐȋȈȕȚ-
șȒȐȔȐ ȒȈȔȍȕȐșȚȣȔȐ șȚȍȕȈȔȐ
Ǫ ȌȖȓȐȕȍ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȘțȟȍȍȒ Ȑ ȘȖșȓȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȒțșȚȈȘȕȐȒȐ
ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ Ȕȣ ȐȔȍȓȐ Ȋșȍ Ȍȓȧ ȓȈȋȍȘȕȖȑ șȚȖȧȕȒȐ ǸȈȏ-
ȊȍȓȐ ȒȖșȚȍȘ Ȑ ȏȈȎȈȘȐȓȐ țȉȐȚțȦ ȌȕȍȔ ȌȐȟȤ ǵȈȍȊȠȐșȤ Ȕȣ ȓȍ-
ȋȓȐ șȗȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȗȖ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȦ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȈș șȚȖȘȖȎȐȓ
șȔȍȕȧȧșȤ ș ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȔ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȒȈȎȌȣȍ ȚȘȐ ȟȈșȈ
ǴȖȧ ȊȈȝȚȈ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȗȖȌ țȚȘȖ ǩȣȓȖ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȕȖ ȕȈȌ ȌȖ-
ȓȐȕȖȑ șȚȖȧȓ ȚțȔȈȕ Ȑ ȧ ȊȖȏȖȉȕȖȊȐȓ ȒȖșȚȍȘ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȖȋȘȍȚȤ-
șȧ

39
dzȍȋȒȈȧ ȌȘȍȔȖȚȈ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȊȈȓȈ ȔȕȖȦ Ȑ ȧ ș ȖȋȘȖȔ-
ȕȣȔȐ țșȐȓȐȧȔȐ ȉȖȘȖȓșȧ ș ȕȍȦ ǶȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȖ Ȍț-
ȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȍ ȌȍȎțȘșȚȊȖ — ȕȖȟȕȖȍ ȅȚȖ ȕȍȗȘȈȊ-
ȌȈ ǰȔȍȕȕȖ țȚȘȖȔ ț ȏȌȖȘȖȊȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ șȖȕ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ
ȒȘȍȗȖȒ ȒȈȒ ș ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȕȖ ȍșȓȐ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȤșȧ ȖșȖ-
ȉȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȊȧȏȟȐȊ ǹȓȖȊȕȖ ȓȐȗȕȍȚ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȓ Țȍȉȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȟȤȧ-
ȚȖ ȘțȒȈ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȕȍ țșȗȍȍȠȤ ȖȋȓȧȕțȚȤșȧ
ȒȈȒ țȎȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȠȤșȧ ȊȖ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȓȍȋȒȐȝ țȚȘȍȕȕȐȝ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȑ
Ǫ ȖȌȕț Ȑȏ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȔȐȕțȚ ȌȖ ȔȖȍȋȖ șȓțȝȈ ȌȖȕȍșȓȐșȤ șȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȣȍ șȚȖȕțȡȐȍ ȏȊțȒȐ ȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȗȟȕțȓșȧ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐ-
ȊȈȚȤșȧ DzȘțȋȖȔ ȞȈȘȐȓȈ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ Ȑ șȚȖȕȣ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚȕȍș-
ȚȐ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț Ȓ șȖȕȕȖȔț ȖȉȔȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȕȐȦ
ǿȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȌȈȊȈȚȤșȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȌȘȍȔȍ ȧ ȏȈȒțȘȐȓ ȚȘțȉȒț
ǺțȔȈȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȘȖȏȖȊȍȚȤ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȗȓȖȚȕȈȧ ȗȍȓȍȕȈ ȗȖȌ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȔȐ
șȚȘȍȓȈȔȐ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȏȈȌȣȔȐȓȈșȤ ȗȖȠȓȈ ȊȖȓȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȏȈȒȓțȉȐ-
ȓȈșȤ
ǴȍșȚȈȔȐ țȎȍ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȈȓȐșȤ ȗȘȖșȊȍȚȣ ǹȒȖȘȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ șȚȖȕ Ƕȕ ȕȍșșȧ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȖȚ
ȐșȚȖȒȈ ȘțȟȤȧ Ȑ ȧ ȊȍșȤ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȐȓșȧ ǴȖȍ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȟȤȍ țȝȖ
ȘȈȏȓȐȟȈȓȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȒȘȐȒȐ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ
ǵȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȏȊțȒȈȝ ȧ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȈȓ ȕȐ ȗȓȈ-
ȒșȐȊȖȋȖ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȋȐȍȕȣ ȕȐ șȚȖȕȖȊ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȖȘȖȌ ȗȚȐȞ
ȖȉȔȈȕȣȊȈȦȡȐȝ ȕȍȖȗȣȚȕȣȝ ȗȖȓȕȣȔ șȝȖȌșȚȊȖȔ ș ȗȓȈȟȍȔ Șȍ-
ȉȍȕȒȈ
ǹȚȖȕ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓșȧ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ țȓȖȊȐȓ ȗȍȘȍȓȐȊȣ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ǵȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȌȈȍȚ ȚȈȔ ȊȊȍȘȝț ȘțȟȤȧ,
ȕțȎȌȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ
ǹ ȗȖȘȣȊȖȔ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȐ ȧ șȝȊȈȚȐȊ ȘțȎȤȍ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȉȍ-
ȎȈȚȤ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȘțȟȤȧ ǺțȔȈȕ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȘȈșșȍȧȓșȧ Ȑ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȏȈȋȓȧ-
ȕțȓȖ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȏȈȒȖțȓȒȐ ȌȖȓȐȕȣ
ǹȚȖȕȣ țșȐȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȧ țȎȍ ȕȍ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȇ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȌȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȌȖ șȚȍȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȏȈ-
ȒȈȕȟȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȌȖȓȐȕȈ ȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ
ǶșȚȈȕȖȊȐȊȠȐșȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȍȘȍȊȍșȚȐ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ȧ șȚȈȓ ȊȕȐ-
ȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ Ǩ șȚȖȕȣ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȘȖȟȕȖ
ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȒțșȚȈ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȉȍȓȖȍ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȚțȌȈ

40
ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ" ǵȍ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȦ ȓȐ ȧ șȗȈȚȤ ț ȒȖșȚȘȈ Ȑ ȊȖȖȉȘȈ-
ȎȍȕȐȍ ȔȖȍ șȖȏȌȈȍȚ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȣȍ ȝȐȔȍȘȣ"
ǫȌȍ ȕȈȑȌț șȓȖȊȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȗȐșȈȚȤ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ
șțȌȧ ȗȖ ȖșȓȈȉȍȊȠȍȔț ȋȖȓȖșț ȌȖȎȐȊȈȊȠȍȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȔȐȕț-
Țȣ ǶȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȖșȚȖȔ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȓțȚȖȘȈ ȈȘȠȐȕȈ Ȑ ȖȉȡȐȔ
ȊȐȌȖȔ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒțȦ ȜȐȋțȘț ǵȖ, ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧșȤ
ȉȓȐȎȍ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȗȖȘȖȌȣ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ
ǶȕȖ ȓȍȎȈȓȖ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȍ Ȑ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȧȘȒȖ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ
ȉȍȓȖșȕȍȎȕȣȑ ȎȐȊȖȚ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȞȊȍȚȈ ȋȘțȌȤ ș ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȕȍ-
ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȎȍȕșȒȐȔȐ ȜȖȘȔȈȔȐ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȊȣȗȧȚȐȊ-
Ƞȍȍșȧ ȋȖȘȓȖ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȊȠȍȍșȧ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȐ ǸȈș-
ȒȐȕțȚȣȍ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȕȖȋȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ ȝȖ-
Țȧ ȉȍȌȘȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȚȖȓȡȍ Ȑ ȌȓȐȕȕȍȍ ǷȈȓȤȞȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ

42
ȕȍ ȗȖȌȈȊȈȊȠȍȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȖȊ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ș ȕȐȔ ȕȈ ȊȖȏ-
ȌțȝǸȈșȚȍȘȧȊȠȐșȤ ȖȚ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖșȚȐ ȧ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȐȚȤ
Ȑ ȖȘȍȓ șȒȘȣȓșȧ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȌȖȉȣȟȍȑ ȏȈ ȏțȉȟȈȚȣȔ ȒȘȈȍȔ șȒȈ-
ȓȣ ǵȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȗȍȠȐȚȤ Ȋ ȓȈȋȍȘȤ ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȗȘȖșȕțȚȤ-
șȧ ȒȈȎȌțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț Ȑ ȧ ȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ țȎȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ Ȑȝ ȉȘȈȕȤ Ȑ
ȊȖȘȒȖȚȕȦ ȗȖ ȗȖȊȖȌț ȕȍȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȈ
ǵȖ ȚțȚ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȔȖȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȖ ȖȌȕȖ ȕȍȖȉȢȧșȕȐȔȖȍ ȕȈ
ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ Ǹțȟȍȑ ț ȐșȚȖȒȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ
ȠȐȘȖȒ Ȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȕȐȎȍ Ȉ ȌȖ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȑ șȚȍȕȣ ȖșȚȈȊȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȊșȍȋȖ șȈȎȍȕȤ ȌȍșȧȚȤ
ȇ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȉȍȘȍȚșȧ ȗȖȚȖȒ ȊȖȌȣ Ȑ ȌȖ-
Ƞȍȓ ȌȖ șȚȍȕȣ ǯȌȍșȤ șȘȈȏț Ȋșȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓȖșȤ
ǪȕȐȏț șȚȍȕȣ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ ȈȘȒȖȑ Ȑȏ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȊȖȌȈ Ȑ țșȚȘȍȔȓȧȓȈșȤ ȕȈȘțȎț ș ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȣȑ Șțȟȍȑ ȗȘȖȉȐȓ șȍȉȍ ȏȌȍșȤ
ȌȖȘȖȋț ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȏȍȔȓȐ
II
ȇ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈȔ Ȗ ȊȐȌȍȕȕȖȔ ȔȕȖȦ șȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȖȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȍ ǶȕȐ ȉȣ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓȐ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖ-
șȔȍȧȓȐșȤ ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ ǬȈ Ȑ șȈȔȖȔț Ȕȕȍ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ Ȋșȍ
ȥȚȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȔ Ȑ ȧ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȉȣȓ ș
ȕȈȚȧȎȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖ șȗȈȓ ț ȒȖșȚȘȈ Ȑ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȍȖ-
ȉȣȟȈȑȕȣȑ șȖȕ ȕȈȊȍȧȕȕȣȑ ȌȐȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȖȑ ǹȒȈȓȐșȚȣȝ ȋȖȘ
Ǵȣ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐ șȊȖȍ șȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȕȈ ȕȖȟȤ ȖȉȣȒȕȖ-
ȊȍȕȕȖ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȌȖȓȐȕ
țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȝ ȌȘțȋ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȈ
ǵȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ Ȕȣ ȕȈȉȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȌȖȓȐȕț ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠțȦ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ țȝȖȌȧȡțȦ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȤ ȋȖȘ Ȑ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȊȠțȦșȧ ȞȊȍȚț-
ȡȍȑ ȗȖȓȧȕȖȑ ș ȘȖȡȐȞȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȖȏȍȘȖȔ
Ǫșȍ șțȓȐȓȖ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȖȝȖȚț Ȑ Ȕȣ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȈ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ǬȈȎȍ țșȚȘȖȐȓȐ ȠȈȓȈȠ Ȑȏ ȊȍȚȊȍȑ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț
ȖȏȍȘȈ ȗȖȌ șȍȕȤȦ ȚȘȍȝ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ
Ǫ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ Ȕȣ ȕȈșȚȘȍȓȧȓȐ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȐȟȐ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ

43
ȗȐȚȈȚȤșȧ Ȟȍȓȣȝ ȌȊȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ǰȔȍȧ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑ-
ȠȍȔ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȐ ȕȈȔ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉȍșȗȓȖȌȕțȦ
ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ ȘȍȠȍȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȕȧȚȤșȧ ȒȖȗȟȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȊȧȓȍȕȐȍȔ
ȇ ȗȘȖȧȊȐȓ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț Ȍȍȓț ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȈȓȖ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȍȑ Ȑ ȗȘȖ--
ȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȉȘȖȌȐȚȤ ȗȖ ȌȖȓȐȕȍ.
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȧ ȏȈȠȍȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȒȈȒ șȚȈȓȖ
ȚȍȔȕȍȚȤ ǪȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕțȦ ȉȍȏȓțȕȕțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȚȘțȌȕȖ Ȓ ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ ȧ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȖ țșȚȈȓ
ȇ șȚȈȓ ȖȚȣșȒȐȊȈȚȤ Ȍȓȧ ȕȖȟȓȍȋȈ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ țȋȓțȉȓȍ-
ȕȐȍ Ȋ șȒȈȓȍ ȕȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓ
ǹȚȍȕȣ ȠȓȐ ȋȓȈȌȒȐȔ țșȚțȗȖȔ Dz ȒȖȕȞț ȌȖȓȐȕȣ șȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ
ȋȖȘȣ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȧ țȎȍ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȉȣȓ
ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȕȍȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ ȗȍȡȍȘȒȍ ȕȖ ȚȈȔ ȊȍșȤ ȗȖȓ
ȉȣȓ ȏȈșȣȗȈȕ ȖșȚȘȣȔȐ ȒȈȔȕȧȔȐ Ȉ ȘȈșȟȐȡȈȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȓȖȎȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ
ȇ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȕȈȚȖȓȒȕțȓșȧ șȘȈȏț ȕȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȑ ȊȝȖȌ
ȈȘȒȖȑ ǪȖȑȚȐ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ, ȕȍ șȋȐȉȈȧșȤ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ țȏȒȐȑ ȒȖ-
ȘȐȌȖȘ ȗȘȐȊȍȌȠȐȑ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȗȍȡȍȘț ȇ ȏȈșȊȍȚȐȓ ȥȓȍȒ-
ȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȜȖȕȈȘȐȒ ȕȖ ȍȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȘȈȏȖȋȕȈȚȤ ȔȘȈȒ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȣșȖȒȐȝ șȊȖȌȖȊ
Ǵȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȟȚȖ ȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȔȖȋț ȘȈȏȊȍșȚȐ
ȒȖșȚȍȘ Ȑ ȏȈȕȧȚȤșȧ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ țȉȐȚȖȑ țȚȒȐ
ǹȖȉȘȈȚȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȝȈȗȖȒ șțȝȐȝ ȊȍȚȖȒ Ȑ ȘȈȏȎȍȟȤ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȑ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȍȓȖȔ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȖȓțȟȈșȈ
DzȖșȚȍȘ ȖșȊȍȚȐȓ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ
ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȍ Ȗȉ ȐșȚȐȕȕȣȝ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈȝ
ȗȍȡȍȘȣ
ǯȈ țȎȐȕȖȔ ȘȈșșțȎȌȈȓ Ȋșȓțȝ șȈȔ ș șȖȉȖȦ Ȑ ȝȊȈșȚȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ
șȌȍȓȈȓ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȍ
ǵȈȊȍȘȕȖ ȥȚț ȗȍȡȍȘț ȕȈȏȖȊțȚ ȔȖȐȔ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ǷȍȡȍȘȈ Ǹȍ-
ȋȍȓȧ ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ș ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈȔȐ Ȕȣ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȔ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖȍ Ȑș-
șȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ Ȑ șȖșȚȈȊȐȔ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈȑȌȍȔ ȟȚȖ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ
ȇ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ȌȐȚȧ șȊȖȍȑ ȕȈȝȖȌȒȍ Ȑ ȏȈșȕțȓ șȘȍȌȐ
ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊ șȖȏȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȍȑ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȧ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȖȎȐȌȈȍȚ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȧ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȉȣ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȋȖ ȔȍșȚȈ ȖȚ-
ȒțȌȈ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȗȖȐșȚȐȕȍ ȟțȌȍșȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ
Ƕ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓȖ țȚȘȖ ȧ țȏȕȈȓ ȗȖ ȗȖȚȖȒț șȊȍȚȈ ȊȓȐ-

44
ȊȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ Ȋ ȗȍȡȍȘț
ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȕȈȊȍȘȝț Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȋțșȚȐȓșȧ ȔȘȈȒ ȕȖ ȉȣȓ ȖșȊȍ-
ȡȍȕ ȗȖȓ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȈȧ șȚȍȕȈ
ǷȍȡȍȘȈ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȑ ȕȖ șȖșȚȈȊ-
ȓȧȓȈ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȟȈșȚȤ ȓȈȉȐȘȐȕȚȈ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȕȍȓ-
șȧ ȊȝȖȌ ȊȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ
ǹȢȍȊ ȖșȚȈȚȒȐ țȚȒȐ Ȑ ȏȈȗȐȊ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȔ ȟȈȍȔ ȧ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ Ȓ
ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈȔ
Ǵȣ șȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ șȖȊȍȚ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ
ȉȣȓȖ ȘȍȠȍȕȖ ȏȈȗȈșȚȐșȤ Ȋ ȐȏȖȉȐȓȐȐ ȗȘȖȊȐȏȐȍȑ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ
Ȋșȍ ȐȔȍȦȡȐȍșȧ șȖșțȌȣ ȊȖȌȖȑ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍșȚȐ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ ȘȈșșȓȍ-
ȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȗȍȡȍȘȣ
Ǭȓȧ ȜȈȒȍȓȖȊ Ȕȣ ȕȈȘțȉȐȓȐ șȔȖȓȐșȚȣȝ ȊȍȚȊȍȑ DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖ-
ȋȖ ț ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȜȖȕȈȘȤ
ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ țȚȘȖȔ Ȕȣ țȋȓțȉȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȖȓȡț ȋȖȘ
Ȑ Ȋ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȕȖȔ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȐ ȟțȌȍș ȗȘȖȠȓȐ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ Ƕȕ
ȗȘȐȊȍȓ ȕȈș Ȋ ȗȍȡȍȘț ȔȍȕȤȠȐȝ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȊ ȕȖ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ
ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȖȚȓȖȎȍȕȐȧȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȒȖȊȣȝ șȖȓȍȑ șȊȍȘ-
ȒȈȊȠȐȝ ȗȘȐ șȊȍȚȍ ȜȈȒȍȓȖȊ ȒȈȒ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȏȈȓ Ȕȣ ȗȖȗȈȓȐ Ȋ ȗȍ-
ȡȍȘț ȕȍȖȉȢȧȚȕȖȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȣ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȊ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȠȈȋȖȊ țȉȍ-
ȌȐȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȔșȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȖȏȍȘȈ
— ȅȝ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ț ȕȈș ȉȣȓȈ ȓȖȌȒȈ — ȊȣȘȊȈȓȖșȤ ț ȖȌȕȖȋȖ
Ȑȏ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ
ǷȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȖȏȍȘȖ ȖȉȖȑȚȐ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ǷȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ Ȕȣ șȌȍȓȈȓȐ
ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒț Ȑ ȗȓȖȚȕȖ ȗȖȍȓȐ ǵȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȈȧ ȋȓȈȌȤ ȖȏȍȘȈ ȖșȊȍ-
ȡȍȕȕȈȧ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȍȔ ȒȖșȚȘȈ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȘȈȒ ȕȍȌȘ
ȏȍȔȓȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȥȝȖ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȋȖȓȖșȖȊ ȗȖȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
țȌȘțȟȈȦȡȍ Ȑ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȧȧșȤ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȔț ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȦ ȧ șȚȈȓ
ȏȊȈȚȤ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȐȔ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȍȍ ȘȈșșȓȍȌȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȖȚȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȕȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ
ǴȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍȕȖ șȔȍȝȖȔ Ȑ țȗȘȍȒȈȔȐ Ȋ
ȚȘțșȖșȚȐ Ȕȣ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ǩȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȈȘȒȈ țȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȕȈȔ ȗțȚȤ
Ȋ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȍ
DzȖȘȐȌȖȘ ȉȣȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȣșȖȒ ȕȖ ȊșȒȖȘȍ Ȗȕ ȘȈȏȌȊȖȐȓșȧ Ȑ
Ȕȣ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȕȐȐ ȕȈ ȘȈșȗțȚȤȍ
ǿȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ" DzȈȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ"
Ǵȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȐȚȤșȧ ǩȘȖșȐȓȐ

45
ȎȘȍȉȐȑ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȌȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȐȌȚȐ ȖȌȕȖȔț Ǵȣ șȍȘȌȍȟȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȗȘȖȡȈȓȐșȤ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȐȓȐ ȗȘȖȊȐȏȐȦ Ȑ ȏȈȗȈșȣ ȊȖȌȣ Ȑ ȉȖȌȘȖ
ȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ ȧ — ȗȖ ȗȘȈȊȖȔț ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘț ȖȕȐ — ȗȖ ȓȍȊȖȔț
ǩȖȓȤȠȍ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ
III
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȟȈșȈ Ȕȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȘȈșȗț-
ȚȤȦȇ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȏȈȌȈȟȍȑ
ǷȘȈȊȣȑ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ ȗȘȐȊȍȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȗȍȡȍȘț Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ
ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȊȣȝȖȌȈ ǪȍșȤ ȗȖȓ ȉȣȓ țșȍȧȕ
ȒȖșȚȧȔȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ ȌȖȗȖȚȖȗȕȣȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȇ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȉȣȓ șȓȈȉ
ȗȖ ȗȈȓȍȖȕȚȖȓȖȋȐȐ ȕȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȔȖȋț ș țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ
ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ șȒȍȓȍȚȣ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȝ ȧȡȍȘȖȊ

46
ǶșȔȖȚȘ ȏȈȕȧȓ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ș ȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȟȈșȈ
ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ȊȍȘȕȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȎȌțȚ
ǵȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȇ ȗȘȖșȐȌȍȓ ȟȈșȈ ȗȖȓȚȖȘȈ ȕȍȘȊȕȖ Ȓț-
Șȧ ȚȘțȉȒț ȕȖ ȖȕȐ Ȋșȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ǬȍȓȖ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ
șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȔ ȇ ȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ ȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ ǪȣșȚȘȍȓȐȓ Ȑȏ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȈ
ǯȊțȒȐ șȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȖȔ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȧșȤ Țȣșȧȟț ȘȈȏ ȗȖȕȍș-
ȓȐșȤ ȊȋȓțȉȤ
Ǫșȍ șȔȖȓȒȓȖ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȣȔ Ȑ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȖȑ-
ȚȐ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈȔ dzȍȊȣȑ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȕȐȟȍȔ ȕȍ
ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ȗȘȈȊȖȋȖ Ȑ ȧ Ƞȍȓ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖ ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȖȚț ȍȌȊȈ ȖșȊȍȡȈȍȔțȦ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔ ȜȖȕȈȘȍȔ ǼȈȒȍȓȣ Ȋșȍ
ȌȖȋȖȘȍȓȐ
ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȧ Ƞȍȓ ȚȈȒ"
ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȌȊțȝ ȟȈșȖȊ ǿȈșȣ ȔȖȐ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ
ȕȖ ȧ șțȎț ȗȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓ
DzȘȈȚȒȐȑ ȖȚȌȣȝ ȕȍ ȌȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȖȉȓȍȋȟȍȕȐȧ
ǪȖȏȌțȝ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȖȗȐȚȈȕ șȣȘȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȚȍȔȗȍȘȈȚțȘȈ ȍȋȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ ȕȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ 25° ȗȖ Ǿ.<ȍȓȤșȐȦ> ȅȚȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȖ ȈȚȔȖș-
ȜȍȘț ȖȘȈȕȎȍȘȍȐ
ȇ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ
ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ƞȍȓ ȌȖȓȋȖ-ȌȖȓȋȖ ȌȖ ȗȖȓȕȖȋȖ ȐȏȕȍȔȖȎȍȕȐȧ
șȐȓDzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕțȚȤ ȘȈșȗțȚȤȧ ȕȖ ȒȖȘȐ-
ȌȖȘ Țȧȕțȓșȧ Ȋșȍ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ȚȖ ȗȖ ȗȘȧȔȖȑ ȓȐȕȐȐ ȚȖ ȐȏȋȐ-
ȉȈȧșȤ ȊȗȘȈȊȖ Ȑ ȊȓȍȊȖ ǪȖȏȌțȝ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȋșȍ ȎȈȘȟȍ Ȑ ȌțȠ-
ȕȍȍǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȧ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȉȓțȌȐȓșȧ ǮȍșȚȖȒȖȍ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȍ
ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȇ ȗȓȈȒȈȓ ȉȐȓșȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȦ Ȗ șȚȍȕț ȒȘȐȟȈȓ
ȌȖ ȝȘȐȗȖȚȣ Ȑ ȏȈȟȍȔ-ȚȖ șȚȘȍȓȧȓ
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȖȊ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȧ Ȋ ȉȍșȗȈȔȧȚșȚȊȍ Ȉ ȖȟȕțȊȠȐșȤ
ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȈȓ șȊȖȐ șȐȓȣ ȍȌȖȦ Ȑ ȊȣȗȐȓ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȦȦ ȊȖȌț ǵȍ-
ȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȊȣȝȖȌ ǮȈȎȌȈ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȚȖȔȐȚȤ
Ȕȍȕȧ
ǩȣȓȐ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȏȈșȚȘȍȓȐȚȤșȧ ȇ țȎȍ
ȗȘȐșȚȈȊȓȧȓ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ Ȓ ȊȐșȒț ȕȖ ȎȈȎȌȈ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ
ȘȈȏ ȗȖȉȍȎȌȈȓȈ

47
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȧ țȗȈȓ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ șȍȑȟȈș ȕȈșȚțȗȐȚ
șȔȍȘȚȤ
ǹȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȠțȔ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȊȠȐȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȉȖȑ ȌȖȓȍ-
Țȍȓ ȌȖ ȔȖȍȋȖ țȝȈ Ǫșȍ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȖȊȖȍ Ȑ ȧ țȗȖȚȘȍ-
ȉȐȓ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ șȐȓȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊșȚȈȚȤ Ȑ ȐȌȚȐ
DzȖȘȐȌȖȘ ȒȘțȚȖ ȏȈȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȓ ȊȓȍȊȖ
ȀțȔ țșȐȓȐȓșȧ ȕȖ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚ-
ȕȖ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȚȤ ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ ȊȐȌȕȍȓ-
șȧ șȊȍȚ Ȑ ȓȐȞȈ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȒȖșȕțȓȈșȤ ȓȍȋȒȈȧ șȚȘțȧ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȋȖ
ȚȖȒȈ
ȇ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ șȗȖȚȣȒȈȧșȤ Ȗ ȋȘțȌț ȒȈȔȕȍȑ ȌȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ȌȖ ȖȚ-
ȊȍȘșȚȐȧ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȑ ȊȍșȤ ȏȈȔȍȘ ȖȚ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȧ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȒȖȠȒȖ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȔȐȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȍȡȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ
ȕȍ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ȇ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȖȉȠȐȘȕȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȊȖȓȕȣ
ȘȈȏȉȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȗ ȉȍȘȍȋ
ǪȊȍȘȝț ȒȓțȉȐȓȐșȤ ȋțșȚȣȍ ȖȉȓȈȒȈ ǶșȊȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȏȍȓ-
ȚȖȊȈȚȖ-ȒȘȈșȕȖȍ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ț ȕȈș ȗȘȐ ȏȈȒȈȚȍ
șȖȓȕȞȈ
ǹȗȘȈȊȈ ȟȍȘȕȍȓ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȓȍș
ȇ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ șȚȈȓȖ ȊȣȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈȘțȎț ǶȌȐȕ
ȊȐȌ ȊȖȌȣ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȉȍȏțȔȐȍ ǸȈșȒȐȌȈȚȤ ȒȈȔȕȐ țȊȍ-
ȓȐȟȐȚȤ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȕȍȚȘțȌȕȖ ȕȖ ȧ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȖșȓȈȉ Ȑ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȐȓȖȑ ȊȖȓȐ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȓ Ȋșȍ ȏȈȚȘțȌȕȍȕȐȧ
ǪȣȓȍȏȠȐ ȧ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȔȖȘȦ ǪȖȌȈ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȋȖȘȤȒȖ-
șȖȓȍȕȖȑ ȇ ȘȈȏȌȍȓșȧ Ȑ ȊȣȒțȗȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ șȘȈȏț Ȕȍȕȧ ȖșȊȍȎȐ-
ȓȖ Ȑ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ Ȓ ȓȍșț ȋȌȍ ȕȈȌȍȧȓșȧ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
ȗȐȡț
ǪȐȌ ȘȈșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȐȊȍȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȕȖȊȖȍ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍ ȇ
ȊȐȌȍȓ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈȝ ǫȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȍ ȗȈȗȖ-
ȘȖȚȕȐȒȐ Ȑ ȝȊȖȡȐ ȊȕȐȏț ȓȐȠȈȐ ȔȝȐ ȋȘȐȉȣ Ȋșȍ Ȋ ȗȘȍțȊȍ-
ȓȐȟȍȕȕȣȝ șȒȈȏȖȟȕȣȝ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈȝ ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ țȓȐȚȒț ȌȓȐȕȖȦ ȖȒȖ-
ȓȖ ȈȘȠȐȕȈ Ȑ ȎțȒȈ ȘȖșȚȖȔ ș șȍȕȉȍȘȕȈȘșȒțȦ șȖȉȈȒț ǫȘȖȔȈȌ-
ȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȊȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȧ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȏȈ ȏȔȍȑ ȗȖȓȏȈȓȐ Ȋ
ȋȕȐȓȐ Ȑ șȣȘȖșȚȐ ȓȍșȈ
ǴțȟȐȔȣȑ ȋȖȓȖȌȖȔ Ȑ ȎȈȎȌȖȑ ȧ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ ȍșȚȤ ȔȖȓȖ-
Ȍȣȍ ȗȖȉȍȋȐ ȝȊȖȡȍȑ ǩȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖ ȐȔȍȓȖ ȊȖȌȧȕȐșȚȣȑ ȊȒțș
ȕȖ ȧ ȕȈȗȈȓ Ȑ ȕȈ ȔțȟȕȐșȚȣȍ șȓȈȌȒȖȊȈȚȣȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȔȖȋ țȚȐ-

50
ǹțȌȤȉȈ șȚȖȓȒȕțȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ș ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍȔ
ȅȚȖȋȖ ȧ ȏȕȈȓ ȗȖ țȟȍȉȕȐȒț ȋȍȖȓȖȋȐȐ ǶȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȓȖ
Ȓ șțȝȖȗțȚȕȣȔ ȧȡȍȘȈȔ Ȑ ȠȓȖ ȓȖȔȈȧ ȕȈ ȗțȚȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ ȋȐȋȈȕȚ-
șȒȖȑ ȚțȠȍȑ Ȑ ȊȖȓȖȟȈ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȦ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȝȊȖșȚ ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ
șȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȚȖȕȒȈȧ Ƞȍȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ șȖȖȚȊȍȚ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȋȘțȏȕȖȔț ȚțȓȖȊȐȡț ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȍ șȘȣȊȈȓȖ ȗȖȉȍȋȐ ș
ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ Ȑ ȗȖȎȐȘȈȓȖ Ȑȝ ǶȕȖ ȔȐȘȕȖ ȗȈșȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒ ȗȈșțȚșȧ
ȕȈȠȐ ȒȖȘȖȊȣ
ȇ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ țȑȚȐ ȗȖȌȈȓȤȠȍ
ǬȖȘȖȋț Ȕȕȍ ȗȍȘȍșȍȒȓȈ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȠȐȘȖȒȈȧ ȘȍȟȒȈ ǪȖȌȈ Ȋ
ȕȍȑ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ țȚȖ-
ȓȐȓ ȎȈȎȌț
ǷȍȘȍȗȓȣȚȤ ȘȍȟȒț ȧ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȍȍ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ
ǶȕȈ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȘȈșȠȐȘȐȓȈșȤ ȖȉȘȈȏțȧ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȏȈȊȖȌȤ
ǻȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȏȊțȒȐ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐ-
șȓțȠȈȚȤșȧ
ǰȏ ȒțșȚȖȊ șȓȣȠȈȓșȧ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȝȖȘ ȋȖȓȖșȖȊ ȕȍ ȓȐȠȍȕȕȣȑ
ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȚȘȖȑȕȖșȚȐ
— Ǩ-Ȉ-Ȉ-Ȉ-Ȉ ț-ț-ț-ț
ǰ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȘȍȏȒȖ
— ȅ-ȥ-ȥ-ȥ-ȥ-ȥ
ȇ ȗȘȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȍ ȔȝȐ Ȑ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȓ șȚȈȘȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȧȟȈșȤ șȈȔ
Ǵȕȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓșȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȏȈȓȐȊ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȕȍȋȓț-
ȉȒȐȑ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȔȍșȚȈȔȐ șȖ ȌȕȈ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ ȔȖȝȖȊȣȍ ȒȖȟ-
ȒȐ Ȑ șȈȔȈ ȊȖȌȈ ȏȈȘȖșȓȈ ȊȣșȖȒȐȔȐ ȚȘȈȊȈȔȐ
ǷȖȊșȦȌț ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȕȈ ȒȖȟȒȈȝ ȕȈȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț ȊȣșțȕțȊ-
ȠȐșȤ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȓȧȋțȠȒȐ ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȖș-
ȚȐȋȈȓȐ ȊȣșȖȚȣ ȌȊțȝ ȈȘȠȐȕ Ǫșȍ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ țȊȓȍȟȍȕȣ ȒȖȕ-
ȞȍȘȚȖȔ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȋȖȘȓȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖȔ ȌȊȐȎȍ-
ȕȐȐȇ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ȗ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȍ ȊȣȉȘȖȠȍȕ-
ȕȖȔ ȘțȟȤȍȔ Ȋ ȌȖȓȐȕȍ ǵȖ ȚȖ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȕȈ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȥȚȐ Ȏȍ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓȐșȤ ȖȚ ȓȧȋțȠȍȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȘȖș-
ȚȖȔǪșȒȖȘȍ ȧ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȏȊțȒȈȝ Ȑ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț
ȋȘțȉȖȔț ȝȖȘț ȗȘȐȔȍȠȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȍȎȕȣȑ ȕȍșț-
ȡȐȑșȧ ș ȗȘȈȊȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȏȈȓȐȊȈ

51
ǶșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȧșȤ ȗȖ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȗȖȌ ȏȈȡȐȚȖȑ ȔȝȖȊ ȧ
ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȈȠȍȓ Ȑ ȊȚȖȘțȦ ȋȘțȗȗț ȈȘȚȐșȚȖȊ
ȅȚȐ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȖȒȖȓȖ ȞȍȓȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȒȈ ȝȐȎȐȕȖȒ
ȋȘțȉȖ șȓȍȗȓȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑȏ ȊȍȚȊȍȑ Ȑ ȋȘȧȏȐ
ȇ șȘȈȏț țȏȕȈȓ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ
țȕȍș ȕȈ ȔȖȐȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȖȘȍȓ ǹȒȈȓȐșȚȣȝ ȋȖȘ
dzȦȌȐ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȍ ȕȈ ȓȧȋțȠȍȒ ȐȓȐ ȓȧȋțȠȒȐ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȍ ȕȈ
ȓȦȌȍȑ
ǹȐȌȍȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȍ ȏȍȔȕȖȊȖȌȕȣȍ ș șȖ-
ȋȕțȚȣȔȐ ȗȖȌ ȖșȚȘȣȔ țȋȓȖȔ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȔȍȎȌț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȗȖ-
ȔȍȡȈȓȐșȤ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȐȍ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖșȚȐ

52
ǵȖ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȌȊțȝ ȕȖȋȈȝ ǽȖȌȐȓȐ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȋȘțȏȕȖ ȟȈșȚȖ
ȗȈȌȈȧ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȧ Ȋ ȓȧȋțȠȍȟȤȐ ȗȘȣȎȒȐ ǰȝ ȗȍȕȐȍ ȕȈȗȖȔȐ-
ȕȈȓȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȍȓȖȌȐȟȕȖ Ȑ ȏȈțȕȣȊȕȖ ȝȖ-
Țȧ ȖșȕȖȊȕȖȑ ȔȖȚȐȊ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ
ȇ ȕȍ ȕȈȝȖȎț ȥȚȐȝ șțȡȍșȚȊ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ ǻ ȕȐȝ ȚȈȒȐȍ
ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȍ șȐȕȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȌȍȚșȒȖȍ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȖȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȋȓȈȏ
ǯȈ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȝ ȔȕȖȦ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȏȈȓȐȊȈ ȧ ȐȔȍȓ
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ ȥȚȖȚ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ ǰȝ ȕȘȈȊȣ
ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓȐ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȈȔȖȍ ȓțȟȠȍȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ǶȕȐ ȕȐȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȌȍȘțȚșȧ ȕȍ ȖȉȔȈȕȣȊȈȦȚ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȓȦȉȧȚ Ȍȍ-
Țȍȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ șȔȍȠȕȣȝ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖ-ȓȧȋțȠȈȚ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒȐ Ȑ șȚȈȘțȝȐ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȦȚșȧ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔȐ ȖȚȊȐșȠȐȔȐ
ȎȐȊȖȚȈȔȐ ȕȍ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȌȊțȝ ȕȖȋȈȝ
ǷȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȥȚȐ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȕȍ ȓȐȠȍȕȣ ȌȈȘȈ șȓȖȊȈ Ȑ Ȗȉ-
ȔȍȕȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȌȘțȋ ș ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȖșȖȉȣȔȐ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ ȏȊțȒȈ-
ȔȐ șȖșȚȖȧȡȐȔȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȑȏ ȖȌȕȐȝ ȋȓȈșȕȣȝ
ȇ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȟȚȖ ȓȧȋțȠȒȖȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ ȖȚȕȖșȧȚșȧ ș ȌȖ-
ȓȍȑ ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȐȧ Ȓ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȔ ȓȧȋțȠȒȈȔ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊȝȖȌȧȚ ș ȕȐȔȐ
Ȋ ȖȉȡȍȕȐȍ ȌȍȘȎȈșȤ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȖ
dzȦȌȐ-ȓȧȋțȠȒȐ ȕțȎȌȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȟȈșȚȖȔ ȒțȗȈȕȤȍ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȗȖ
șȖȊȍșȚȐ ȗȓȈȊȈȧ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ ȔȈȓȖ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȦȚșȧ ȖȚ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȝ ȓȧ-
ȋțȠȍȒ
ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȑȝ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ
ǬȈ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȖȕȐ ȖȉșțȎȌȈȓȐ șȖȊȔȍșȚȕȖ ȖȉȡȐȍ ȊȖȗȘȖ-
șȣ ǸȈșșȈȎȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ǶȌȐȕ șȚȈȘȍȑȠȐȑ ȔțȘȓȣȒȈȍȚ
ȖșȖȉȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȌȘțȋȐȍ șȓțȠȈȦȚ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȕȈ-
ȟȐȕȈȦȚ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȚȤ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȒț ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȝȖȘȖȔ
Ǫ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȚȈȒȐȝ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȑ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ țȎȈșȕȖȍ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ
ǵȈȓȍȚȍȓȈ șȚȈȧ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ ȗȚȐȞ Ȋ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȣȝ ȒȓȦȊȈȝ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȝ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȐșȤ ȘȧȌȣ ȖșȚȘȣȝ ȏțȉȖȊ
Ǫșȍ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȏȍȔȓȧȕȒȈȔ ȕȖ ȗȚȐȞȣ țșȗȍȓȐ țȕȍșȚȐ
ȚȘȖȐȝ ȊȏȘȖșȓȣȝ Ȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȝȐȡȕȐȒȐ țȓȍȚȍȓȐ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ Ȑ
ȏȈȚȧȕțȓ ȎȈȓȖȉȕțȦ ȗȍșȕȦ
— Ǩ-Ȉ-Ȉ-Ȉ-Ȉ
ǹȒȖȘȉȕȣȑ șȚȖȕ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȓșȧ ȌțȠȍȘȈȏȌȐȘȈȦȡȍȑ ȚȘȍȓȤȦ
Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȐ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ șȗȖșȖȉȕȣ ȗȓȈȒȈȚȤ ǶȕȐ

53
țȚȐȘȈȓȐ ȓȈȗȒȈȔȐ șȊȖȐ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȍ șȐȕȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ȇ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȎȈȓȍȦ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȍȍ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ ȎȐȏȕȤ
Ȑ ȖȉȣȟȈȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ-ȓȧȋțȠȍȒ ǵȈ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȧ țȋȓțȉȐȓșȧ Ȋ
ȓȍș Ȋ ȗȖȐșȒȈȝ ȗȐȡȐ țșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȊȣȒțȗȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȚȖ
ȘțȟȤȍ
ǵȖ ȍȌȊȈ ȧ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȕȣȍ ȊȖȌȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȌȝȊȈ-
ȚȐȓȖ Ȑ ȗȖȕȍșȓȖ șȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȇ ȉȖȘȖȓșȧ ȐȏȖ Ȋșȍȝ
șȐȓ ȕȖ ȗȍȕȐșȚȣȑ ȗȖȚȖȒ țȊȓȍȒȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋșȍ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ țȌȈȘȐȓ Ȗ
ȒȈȔȍȕȤ Ȑ ȧ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ
Ƕȟȕțȓșȧ ȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȘțȟȤȧ ȗȘȖȚȍȒȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȌȖȓȐȕȍ
ǹȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȉȍȏ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ ȖȘțȎȐȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȗȈșȖȊ ȧ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȍ
ȗȖȋȐȉ ȕȖ Ȓ șȟȈșȚȤȦ Ȕȍȕȧ șȗȈșȓȈ ȗȈȘȚȐȧ ȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȣȝ
ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȏȈ ȒȖȏȈȔȐ
ȇ ȕȍ șȔȍȦ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȓȐȉȖ ȊȣȊȖȌȖȊ Ȑȏ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ,
ȕȖ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȟȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȉȣȓ șȟȈșȚȓȐ-
Ȋȍȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȣȓ ȓȧȋțȠȒȖȑ
ǷȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȑ ȔȐȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȓșȧ ȔȐȘ ȗȘȖȠ-
ȓȖȋȖ Ȑ ȏȈȕȈȊȍș ȊȍȟȕȖșȚȐ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȕȈȌ ȚȍȔ ȟȍȋȖ ȉȣȚȤ
ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ ȋȓȈȏ
Ǹ S. ǸȈșșȒȈȏ Ȍ-ȘȈ Ǹȍȋȍȓȧ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȦ
ȗȓȖȌȖȔ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȐ ǬȖȓȋȖȍ ȉȓțȎȌȈȕȐȍ ȗȖ ȗȖȌ-
ȏȍȔȕȖȔț ȓȈȉȐȘȐȕȚț șȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȤ ȎȈȎȌȈ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȌ
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȊȣȏȊȈȚȤ ț Ǹȍȋȍȓȧ ȉȘȍȌȖȊȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧ-
ȕȐȍ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȓȦȌȍȑ-ȓȧȋțȠȍȒ
ǪȍșȤȔȈ ȕȍȗȘȈȊȌȖȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȔ, ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ, ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ
ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ȗȍȡȍȘȣ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐ-
ȒȖȔ șȊȍȚȈ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȖȡțȡȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ Ȑ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ ȊȖȓ-
ȕȖȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓȖ ȠțȔ ȗȘȐȉȖȧ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȘȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȖ-
ȓȤȠȐȝ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈȝ ȗȍȡȍȘȣ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣ ȕȈȘțȠȍȕȐȧ ȘȈȊȕȖȊȍșȐȧ
ȈȚȔȖșȜȍȘȣ ȊșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ ȔȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȣȠȍȕȐȧ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȕȐȎȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȚȍȔȗȍȘȈȚțȘȣ Ȉ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ, Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȊȖȏȌțȠ-
ȕȣȝ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȑ ǺȘțȌȕȍȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ șȊȍȚȈ ǵȍ șȓȍȌț-
ȍȚ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ șȊȍȚȖȊȣȍ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ
ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȣ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈțȒȖȑ ǴȕȖȋȖ ȓȐ Ȕȣ ȏȕȈȍȔ Ȋ
șțȡȕȖșȚȐ Ȗ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȍ ȗȖȓȧȘȕȣȝ șȐȧȕȐȑ ȐȓȐ Ȗ ȏȖȌȐȈȒȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ" Ǫ ȕȐȏȠȐȝ șȓȖȧȝ ȈȚȔȖșȜȍȘȣ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȦȚșȧ ȐȕȖ-

54
ȋȌȈ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ șȊȍȚȖȊȣȍ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȖȋȕȐ șȊ ȅȓȤȔȈ
ȗȖȧȊȓȧȦȡȐȍșȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȍȓȤȕȣȝ șȕȈșȚȧȝ ȖȋȕȐ DzȈșȚȖȘȈ Ȑ ǷȖȓ-
ȓțȒșȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȖșȚȖȧȡȐȍ Ȑȏ ȌȊțȝ Ȗȋȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȧȏȣȒȖȊ ȌȖȓȋȖ
ȌȍȘȎȈȡȐȝșȧ ȕȈȌ ȠȗȐȓȍȔ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ ȉȈȠȕȐ ȐȓȐ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓȤȕȐ
ǶȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȖ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȤ ȥȚȐ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȓ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍ-
șȒȐȔ ȜȍȕȖȔȍȕȈȔ ȟȚȖ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȍȚ, ȗȖ-
ȟȍȔț Ȋ ȌȈȕȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȚȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȖȋȕȐ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȔ —
ȌȘțȋȐȍ Ȉ Ȋ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ ȕȍ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȐ-
ȒȈȒȐȝ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ Ȗȋȕȍȑ Ǫ ȗȍȡȍȘȍ Ǹȍȋȍȓȧ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣȚȤ
șȊȍȚȧȡȐȍșȧ ȖȉȓȈȒȈ șȒȖȗȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȗȖȌ ȊȣșȖȒȐȔȐ șȊȖȌȈȔȐ
ǿȚȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȋȖ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȓȦȌȍȑ-ȓȧȋțȠȍȒ ȚȖ ȕȍȖȉ-
ȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȗȖȧșȕȐȚȤ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȦ ȔȈȓȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȔț ș ȕȈțȒȖȑ șȓȍȌț-
Ȧȡȍȍ
ǩȐȖȓȖȋȐȧ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȐ Ȑȏ
ȗȍȘȊȐȟȕȖȑ ȒȓȍȚȒȐ ȗțȚȍȔ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȧ ȗȖȌ ȊȓȐȧ-
ȕȐȍȔ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȝ țșȓȖȊȐȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ȏȈ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȉȣȚȤ ȖșȖȉȖȋȖ șȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȐȧ ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȐ țșȓȖȎ-
ȕȧȚȤșȧ Ȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤșȧ Ǭȓȧ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȥȚȖȑ ȚȍȖ-
ȘȐȐ șțȡȍșȚȊțȦȚ ȌȊȈ ȗțȚȐ ȗȈȓȍȖȕȚȖȓȖȋȐȧ Ȑ ȥȔȉȘȐȖȓȖȋȐȧ
ǵȈțȒȈ Ȗȉ ȐșȒȖȗȈȍȔȣȝ ȗȣȚȈȍȚșȧ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕțȦ
ȞȍȗȤ ȔȍȎȌț șțȡȍșȚȊȈȔȐ ȕȈșȍȓȧȊȠȐȔȐ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȋ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȍ
ȥȗȖȝȐ, Ȑ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔȐ Dz șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȦ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȐșȤ ȒȖșȚȐ
ȓȐȠȤ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȒȘțȗȕȣȝ ǻȌȈȓȖșȤ
ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ șȊȧȏȤ ȔȍȎȌț ȧȡȍȘȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȚȐȞȈ-
ȔȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȘȖȔȍȎțȚȖȟȕȣȍ ȚȐȗȣ ǶȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȑ
ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȣ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȔ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȑ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ șȒȍ-
ȓȍȚȣ ȗȘȍȌȒȖȊ Ȋ ȊȖșȝȖȌȧȡȍȔ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ ǵȖ ȚȍȖȘȍȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȕȈ
ȊȖȗȘȖș ©șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȓȐ ȗȘȍȌȖȒ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȐȒ ȏȈȊ-
ȘȖȊ Ȑ ȌȘȍȊȖȊȐȌȕȣȝ ȗȈȗȖȘȖȚȕȐȒȖȊ"ª — Ȕȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȖȚȊȍ-
ȚȐȚȤ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ǷȘȍȌȖȒ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȖ ȚȖȋȌȈȠȕȐȔ țșȓȖ-
ȊȐȧȔ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȉȣȓ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȏȍȔȕȖȊȖȌȕȣȔ ȎȐ-
ȊȖȚȕȣȔ Ȉ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȧ ȊȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȚȖȔȒȐ ȧȊȐȓȐșȤ
ȐȕȚȍȓȓȐȋȍȕȚȕȣȔȐ șțȡȍșȚȊȈȔȐ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȌȖȗțșȚȐȔȖ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȗȘȍ-
ȌȖȒ ȉȣȓ ȕȍ ȓȐȠȍȕ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȘȈșșțȌȖȟȕȖșȚȐ ǵȈȗȖȔȕȐȔ
ȒșȚȈȚȐ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȐȧȝ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈȝ ȌȘȈȒȖȕȈȝ Ȑ ȝȐȔȍȘȈȝ ǵȍȚ
ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȌȈȎȍ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȈ ȔȖȋ
ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȏȈȊȘȖȊ Ȑ ȗȚȍȘȖȌȈȒȚȐȓȍȑ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ țȎȍ ȊȣȔȐȘȈȦȡȐȝ

55
ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȍȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȔȖȏȋț ȏȍȔȕȖȊȖȌȕȣȝ ȗȘȍȌȒȖȊ ȏȈȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȓșȧ
ȖȉȘȈȏ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȣȝ ȧȡȍȘȖȊ Ȑ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ Ȗ ȕȐȝ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȕȍ-
ȧșȕȣȝ ȖȉȘȈȏȈȝ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔȒȈȔ
ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ Ǹȍȋȍȓȧ Ȗ ȓȦȌȧȝ-ȓȧȋțȠȒȈȝ ȗȖȓț-
ȟȈȍȚ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȖȗȖȌȖȉȐȍ ǪȚȖȘȖȑ ȗțȚȤ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚ-
ȊȈ ȚȍȖȘȐȐ ȥȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȧ
 ȌȈȍȚ ȥȔȉȘȐȖ-
ȓȖȋȐȧ — ȕȈțȒȈ Ȗ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȐ ȏȈȘȖȌȣȠȈ
ǯȈȘȖȌȣȠ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȏȈ 9 ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ țȚȘȖȉȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȗȖȊȚȖ-
ȘȧȍȚ ȊșȦ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǪȕȈȟȈȓȍ Ȗȕ ȕȈ-
ȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ ȕȐȏȠȐȍ ȖȌȕȖȒȓȍȚȖȟȕȣȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȗȖȚȖȔ — ȔȕȖȋȖ-
ȒȓȍȚȖȟȕȣȍ ǷȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȔȖȓȓȦșȒȈȔ Ȑ șȓȐȏȕȧȒȈȔ Ȑ ȌȈ-
Ȏȍ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȌȊțȗȖȓȣȔ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȌȖ 40 Ȍȕȍȑ ǵȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȏȈȔȍ-
ȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ ȏȈȘȖȌȣȠ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȐȔȍȍȚ
ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȐ ȎȈȉȘ
ǭșȓȐ Ȕȣ șȘȈȊȕȐȔ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖȍ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȍ ȏȈȘȖȌȣȠȈ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȑ ȓȧȋțȠȒȐ, Ȕȣ ȕȈȑȌȍȔ ȔȕȖȋȖ șȝȖȌșȚȊȈ ǵȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ,
ȓȧȋțȠȒȈ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȌȣȠȐȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȋȒȐȔȐ ȕȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ-
șȚȐȒ ȉțȌțȡȈȧ ȓȧȋțȠȒȈ
 ȐȔȍȍȚ ȎȈȉȘȣ
ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȓȐ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȍ-Ș ǸȍȋȍȓȤ ȔȐȘ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȋȖ ȐȓȐ
ȥȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈțȟȕȖ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȉȘȍȌ ȕȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ȍȋȖ ȊȖ-
Ȋșȍ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ țȎȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȐȚ ȌȈȕȕȣȔ ȕȈțȒȐ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ
ǴȕȖȋȐȔ ȗȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȗȖȏȖȘȕȣȔ Ȑ ȖȉȐȌȕȣȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȖȒ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒȈ — ȓȧȋțȠȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȖ șȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȖȓȐȞȍȚȊȖ-
ȘȍȕȐȍ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȐȧ ǩȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȖȚ-
ȕȖșȧȚșȧ Ȓ ȓȧȋțȠȒȈȔ ș ȖȔȍȘȏȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ șȚȘȈȝȖȔ ǸȍȌȒȖ ȒȚȖ Șȍ-
ȠȈȍȚșȧ ȊȏȧȚȤ ȓȧȋțȠȒț Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ǵȖ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȕȣ țȎȍ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȍȔ Ȋ
ȕȍșȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȖȉȓȈșȚȤ ȗȘȍȌȘȈșșțȌȒȖȊ Ȑ Țȍȝ ȕȍȘȊȕȣȝ Ȗȡț-
ȡȍȕȐȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȗȘȐ ȊȐȌȍ ȉȍȋțȡȍȑ șȖ-
ȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȉȍȏȖȉȐȌȕȖȑ ȔȣȠȐ ȊșȒȈȒȐȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȣ Ȑ șȚțȓȤȧ
Ȑ ȗȖȌȉȐȘȈȚȤ ȗȓȈȚȤȧ Ǫ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȓȧȋțȠȒȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ
ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȈ ǼȖȘȔȣ ȚȍȓȈ ȍȍ ȐȔȍȦȚ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȕțȦ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȦ
ǪȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȒȘȖȚȒȖȍ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖȍ. dzȧ-
ȋțȠȒȐ ȗȐȚȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȔȐ ȟȚȖ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȚ ȗȖȓȤȏț
Ȑ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȧȦȚ ȊȘȍȌȈ ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȌ-
ȊȍȘȋȈȦȚșȧ șȐșȚȍȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔț ȐșȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȦ ǺȣșȧȟȈȔȐ țȉȐȊȈ-
ȦȚ Ȑȝ ȌȍȚȐ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȏȘȖșȓȣȍ ȘȈȌȐ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȑ Ȑ ȋȓțȗȖȑ ȏȈȉȈ-
Ȋȣ ǴȕȖȋȐȍ ȗȖȘȖȌȣ ȗȚȐȞ Ȑ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔȍȓȒȐȍ ȏȊȍȘȐ ȗȐ-

ȚȈȦȚșȧ ȓȧȋțȠȒȈȔȐ ǵȈ ȉȓȦȌȖ ©ȓȧȋțȠȈȟȤȐ ȜȐȓȍȑȟȐȒȐ ȗȖȌ
ȉȍȓȣȔ șȖțșȖȔª ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ țȉȐȚȤ șȖȚȕȐ ȥȚȐȝ ȎȈȓȖșȚȕȣȝ ȎȐ-
ȊȖȚȕȣȝ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ șȗȈșȈȍȚ ȓȧȋț-
ȠȍȒ ȖȚ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȊȣȔȐȘȈȕȐȧ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ șȚȣȌȕȖ șȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȗȘȍȌȒȖȔ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȔȐȓȖȍ
Ȑ ȒȘȖȚȒȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȒȈȒ ȓȧȋțȠȒȈ ȍȔț ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ șȚȣȌȕȖ
ȏȈ ȒȘȈȑȕȦȦ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖșȚȤ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȗȕ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚșȧ Ȓ șȊȖȐȔ
ȌȈȓȤȕȐȔ șȖȘȖȌȐȟȈȔ

57
ǼǿǰǼǯǼǴDzdzǻǻȉdz ǵǰdzǾǶ
I
Ǫȍșȍȕȕȍȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȏȈȓȐȊȈȓȖ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȐȟȍ-
șȒȐȑ șȈȌ ǬȍȘȍȊȤȧ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȋȖȓȣȍ ș ȕȈȓȐȊȠȐȔȐșȧ ȗȖȟ-
ȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȓȐȠȤ ȒȖȍ-ȋȌȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȍȓȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȔȐ ȟȐșȚȣȔȐ ȓȐșȚȒȈ-
ȔȐ ǷȈȝȓȖ șȣȘȖȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȎȐȊȠȍȦ ȏȍȔȓȍȦ
ǰ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȋ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ șȈȌ ȉȣȓ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȕȍȕ ȗȖ-
șȍȚȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȀȓȐ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȎȒȈȔ ȗȓȖȚȕȖȑ ȚȖȓȗȖȑ Țȍșȕȧ ȌȘțȋ
ȌȘțȋȈ ǰȏ-ȗȖȌ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ ȠȓȧȗȖȒ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉȍșȗȘȍ-
ȘȣȊȕȖȍ ȎȍȕșȒȖȍ ȡȍȉȍȚȈȕȤȍ ǻȓȣȉȈȓȐșȤ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȍ ȋțȉȣ Ȑ ȏȊȈȓ
Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȡȍȒȖȟțȡȐȑ ȌȍȊȐȟȐȑ șȔȍȝ ǺȖȓșȚȣȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȋȖȘȌȖ
ȕȍșȓȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȖȚȊȐșȠȐȍ ȋȘțȌȐ ȊȣȒȖȘȔȐȊȠȐȍ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕțȦ șȍȔȤȦ Ȑ ȊȍȓȐ ȏȈ ȘțȒȐ ȕȈȘȧȌȕȣȝ ȎȐȊȣȝ ȒțȒȖȓ
ǴȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ ȚȖȒȖȊȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȚȍȚȍȘȍȊȈ ȊȖȒȘțȋ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕ
ǷȖȎȐȓȣȍ — șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȓȍȕȐȊȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ șȒțȟȈȧ
ȖȚ șȍȔȍȑȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȐ Ȑ ȔȍȟȚȈȧ Ȗ ȊȖȌȒȍ Ȑ ȏȈȒțșȒȍ ȕȈ șȊȍ-
ȎȍȔ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ
ǰ ȕȈȌ ȚȖȓȗȖȑ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȌțȠȕȣȍ ȐșȗȈȘȍȕȐȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ
Țȍȓ șȔȍȠȈȕȕȣȍ ș ȏȈȗȈȝȖȔ ȌțȝȖȊ ȖȌȍȒȖȓȖȕȈ Ȑ ȗțȌȘȣ
ǮȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȓȐ țȎȍ Ȋ ȓȍȚȕȐȍ ȒȓȍȚȒȐ ǪȍșȍȕȕȐȑ ȊȖȏ-
Ȍțȝ Ȑ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȐ ȗȓȍȕȕȐ-
ȒȖȊ ǶȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȚȐȋȘ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȏȈȌ Ȑ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ țȋȓțȉȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ Ȋ șȊȖȐ ȔȣșȓȐ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȏȓȖȉȕȖ ȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȚȖȓȗț
ǿȍȚȈ ȓȤȊȖȊ ȕȈ ȊȐȌț ț Ȋșȍȝ ȖȚȌȈȓȈșȤ Ȋȍșȍȕȕȍȑ șȚȘȈșȚȐ Ȉ Șȧ-
ȌȖȔ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȈȧ ȓȤȊȐȞȈ ȕȈȌșȈȎȐȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȋȓțȝȖȔ țȋȘȖȎȈȦȡȍȔ
ȘȣȒȈȕȐȐ
Ǫșȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȓȐșȤ ȌȊȐȋȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ
ȈȘȠȐȕ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȣșȤ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȒȓȍȚȒȐ
ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȉȓȍșȒȐȊȈȧ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ǫțșȚȖ ȚȖȓȗȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȐ ț ȒȓȍȚȒȐ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕ ǹȔȍȧ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȑȝ țȎȐȔȒȈȔ Ȑ ȋȘȐȔȈșȈȔ Ȉ ȉȍșșȚȣȌșȚȊȖ șȈȔȞȖȊ Ȑ șȈ-
ȔȖȒ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȓȖ ȞȐȕȐȟȕȣȑ ȝȖȝȖȚ ȔțȎȟȐȕ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȒț ȕȈ ȓȐȞȈȝ
ȌȍȊțȠȍȒ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȍȠȈȓȖ ȐȔ ȝȖȝȖȚȈȚȤ ȐșȗȖȌȚȐȠȒȈ

58
ǺȖȓȗȈ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȈȧ șȖȓȕȞȍȔ ȊȍșȍȕȕȐȔ ȊȖȏȌțȝȖȔ Ȑ Țȣ-
șȧȟȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȑ Țȍȓ Ȋ ȚȖȓȒȖȚȕȍ ȌȘȈȏȕȐȓȈ ȝȐȡȕȐ-
ȒȖȊ șȍȘȌȐȓȈ șȓȖȕȈ ȉȘȖșȈȧ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ ȘȖȏȖȊțȦ ȗȈșȚȤ
ȔȧșȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȚȍȘȗȍȓ ȒȖȘȔȐȓȈ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕ Ȋ ȘȈșȟȍȚȍ ȕȈ
șȊȈȓȒț ȕȈȌȖȍȌȈȓȈ ȖȓȍȕȧȔ Ȑ ȓȈȕȧȔ ȗȖȋȓȈȎȐȊȈȕȐȧȔȐ ȗȖ Ȑȝ
ȋȖȓȖȌȕȣȔ Ȑ ȐȡțȡȐȔ ȔȖȘȌȈȔ
dzȦȌȐ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȗȖȉȍȌț ȕȈȌ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȔȐ ǮȐȊȧ Ȋ ȒȈ-
Ȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȧȡȐȒȈȝ ȝȖȌȧ ȗȖ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȔ țȓȐȞȈȔ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȍȔȣȔ Ȑ
ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȣȔ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȓȐ Ȋ țȎȈșȣ ȌȐȒȖȋȖ ȓȍșȈ Ȑ ȋȘȖȏȕȖȑ
ȗțșȚȣȕȐ ǰ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȐȏȌȍȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈȌ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȘȧȌȐȓȐ Ȋ
ȠțȚȣ Țȍȝ ȖȌȐȕ ȊȐȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȈ șȊȖȉȖȌȍ ȊȕțȠȈȓ ȉȣ ȐȔ șȔȍȘ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ șȚȘȈȝ Ȑ ȗȖȏȖȘȕțȦ ȚȘțșȖșȚȤ
II
— ȇ ȏȕȈȦ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǴȈȘȒ
— ȅȚȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖ ǸȈșșȒȈȎȐ — ȊșȚȘȍȗȍȕțȓșȧ ǰȓȤȧ
ǶȉȈ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȕȖȑ șȒȈȔȍȑȒȍ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șȈ-
ȌȈ ȟȐșȚȖ ȊȣȉȘȐȚȣȍ ȗȖ-ȈȒȚȍȘșȒȐ Ȋ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȊȍșȍȕȕȐȝ ȒȖșȚȦ-
ȔȈȝ ǪșȍȋȖ ȌȊȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȐȔ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ Ȑȏ șțȔȈșȠȍȌ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȉȣȓȐ țȉȐȚȣ ȌȊȈ șȚȖȘȖȎȈ Ȉ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ —
ȖȗȈșȕȖ ȘȈȕȍȕ ǺȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȊȠȍȍ
ȊșȦ șȚȖȓȐȞț ȏȊȍȘșȒȖȍ țȉȐȑșȚȊȖ ȞȍȓȖȑ șȍȔȤȐ Ȑ ȋȘȈȉȍȎ — ȚȈȒ-
Ȏȍ ȌȍȓȖ Ȑȝ ȘțȒ ǵȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȓ ȉȣ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȝ ȐȓȐ
ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȐȒȖȊ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ Ȑȏȧȡȕȣȝ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ ȓȦȌȧȝ
— ȇ ȏȕȈȦ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȓȍȊ Ȑ ȓȤȊȐȞȈ — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ
ǴȈȘȒ ȘȈșȒțȘȐȊȈȧ șȐȋȈȘț — ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȍșȕȈ Ȑ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȖȉȘȈ-
ȡȈȍȚșȧ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȋȕțșȕȖȑ ȒȓȍȚȒȍ ȒțȌȈ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȍ
șȓȈȉȖșȐȓȤȕȣȍ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȍ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȣ ȉȍȏ ȝȊȖșȚȈ șȈȎȈȦȚ ȒȘȈșȐ-
Ȋȣȝ ȏȊȍȘȍȑ dzȤȊȐȞȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ©ȇ ȓȦȉȓȦ Țȍȉȧ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȔțȎ
ȔȖȑ ȖȉȖȎȈȍȔȣȑ ȋȍȘȖȑ ȊȓȈȌȣȒȈ ȗțșȚȣȕȐª ǰ ȖȕȈ ȓȈșȒȈȓȈ
ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓȈ Ȋ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕțȦ ȋȖȘȌțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț ©dzȦȉȐ Ȕȍȕȧª
Ǩ Ȗȕ ȞȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒ Ȋ ȚȖșȒȍ Ȑ ȋȕȍȊȍ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȎȍȓȍȏȕțȦ ȘȍȠȍȚȒț ȕȈ ȗȖȌȓțȦ ȚȖȓȗț ȓȦȌȍȑ ȔȍȟȚȈȓ Ȗ șȊȖ-
ȉȖȌȍ Ȑ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȑ ȔȍșȚȐ ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȓȤȊȐȞȣ șȚȈȓȐ
ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȍȍ Ȗȕ ȉȘȍȏȋȓȐȊȖ ȖȚȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ©DzȈȒ

59
ȔȖȎȍȠȤ Țȣ ȎȍȓȈȚȤ ȔȖȐȝ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȑ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȊȖȓȍ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ
ȊȘȈȋȖȊ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȗȘȐȠȍȌȠȐȝ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȏȖȘ ȕȈȠ" ǹȚȣ-
ȌȐșȤª ǵȖ ȓȤȊȐȞȈ ȒȈȒ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȓȍȋȟȍ ȗȘȐșȗȖșȖȉȓȧȍȚșȧ ȒȖ
ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȍ Ȑ ȊșȦȌț ȝȖȟȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ șȈȔȒȖȑ Ȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȤȦ
ǶȕȈ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖ ȓȈșȒȈȓȈ ȔțȎȈ Ȑ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȓȈ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊȖ ǯȊȈȓȈ Ȓ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȦ țȗȘȍȒȈȓȈ Ȋ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȏȓȣ-
ȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȐȏȌȍȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ ©DzȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ Țȣ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ
ȞȈȘȤ Ȑ ȋȍȘȖȑ Țȣ — șȚȈȘȈȧ ȕȐȒțȌȈ ȕȍ ȋȖȌȕȈȧ ȚȘȧȗȒȈª ǰ Ȗȕ
ȋȖȘȌȣȑ ȏȈȉȣȊ Ȗ ȞȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȋȕȍȊȍ șȊȖȍȔ șȌȈȓșȧ țșȚțȗȐȊ
ȗȘȖșȤȉȈȔ Ȑ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȐȧȔ ǰȓȤȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȓȐ Țȣ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈș-
ȕȖȍ ȋȘȖȏȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ" ǹȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȓȐ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ" ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȍȏȣș-
ȝȖȌȕȖȑ ȚȖșȒȐ Ȑ șȚȣȌȈ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ Ȗȉȕȧȓ ȓȤȊȐ-
Ȟț — ǯȕȈȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ ǴȈȘȒ" ǹțȌȤȉȈ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ Ȋ ȕȍȊȖȓȍ ȕȈȗȖ-
ȔȐȕȈȍȚ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȠț șțȌȤȉț dzȦȌȐ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓȐ ȕȈș șțȔȈșȠȍȌ-
ȠȐȔȐ ȏȈ ȚȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ Ȑȝ ȗȖȠ-
ȓȖȑ ȔȖȘȈȓȐ șȖȘȊȈȓȐ ȔȈșȒț ȓȐȞȍȔȍȘȐȧ Ȑ șȚȈȓȐ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȐ-
ȔȐ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȖȉțȎȌȍȕȐȧȝ Ȑ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧȝ
— ǬȈ ǶȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȘȖȏȖȊȈȧ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȈ ȉȍȏ ȝȊȖșȚȈ șȓȐ-
ȠȒȖȔ ȏȈȏȕȈȓȈșȤ ǶȕȈ ȗȘȖȎȐȓȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ Țȣșȧȟ ȓȍȚ șȖȏȌȈȓȈ
ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȖ ȕȈșȚȘȖȐȓȈ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȓȈ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕ șȗȖșȖ-
ȉȖȊ Ȍȓȧ ȏȈȡȐȚȣ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȓȖȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ ǰ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȋ
ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȍ" ǮȐȏȕȤ ȎȍșȚȖȒȈȧ Ȑ ȋȓțȗȈȧ Ȋ ȚȦȘȤȔȍ Ȋ ȖȒȖȊȈȝ
ȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȊ ȖȉȣȟȈȍȊ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȗȘȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȋȐȉȕțȚ ȒȘȈ-
șȐȊȣȍ Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȣȍ Ȉ ȗȖȠȓȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȚȘțșȖșȚȤ ȊȓȈȌȍȦȚ ȔȐȘȖȔ
ǰȓȤȧ Țȣ — ȔțȏȣȒȈȕȚ ȇ țȊȓȍȒȈȓșȧ ȕȈțȒȖȑ ǹȒȈȎȐ Ȕȕȍ
șȚȖȐȚ ȓȐ ȥȚȈ ȗȖȌȓȈȧ ȚȖȓȗȈ Țȍȝ ȏȊțȒȖȊ Țȍȝ ȟțȌȕȣȝ ȔȍȓȖȌȐȑ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Țȣ ȐȏȊȓȍȒȈȓ Ȑȏ șȒȘȐȗȒȐ" Ǭȓȧ ȒȖȋȖ Țȣ ȐȋȘȈȓ" ǿȍȑ
țșȓȈȎȌȈȓ șȓțȝ" ǸȈȏȎȐȘȍȊȠȐȝ ȌȖ ȖȔȍȘȏȍȕȐȧ ȉȈȉ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ
ȗȖȝȖȚȓȐȊȣȝ șȈȔȖȒ ș ȗȚȐȟȤȐȔȐ ȔȖȏȋȈȔȐ ȓȎȐȊȣȝ ȓȐȞȍȔȍȘ-
ȕȣȝ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȦȡȐȝ șȍȉȧ ȕȈ ȏȈȒȖȕȕȖȍ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȍ ȕȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȍȔȖȍ ȉȘȈȒȖȔ" dzȣșȣȝ ș ȚȖȓșȚȣȔȐ ȎȐȊȖȚȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȚȖȕȒȐȝ
ȕȖȎȒȈȝ ȔțȎȟȐȕ ȋȓțȗȣȝ ȕȖ ȗȖȓȕȣȝ ȕȈȗȣȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȈȔȖȔȕȍ-
ȕȐȧ" ǴȖȓȖȌȣȝ ȌȘȍșșȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ țȎȍ
ȋȕțșȕȣȔȐ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȧȔȐ" ǶȕȐ ȉȘȖșȈȦȚ Țȍȉȍ ȋȖȘșȚȤ ȏȖȓȖȚȈ Ȑ
Țȣ ȏȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȖȚȌȈȍȠȤ ȐȔ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕȣȔ Ȑ ȔȍȘȏȒȐȔ șȊȖȦ ȌțȠț
șȊȖȑ ȚȈȓȈȕȚ ǵȍ ȌțȔȈȍȠȤ ȓȐ Țȣ ȐșȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ Ȑȝ ȗȘȖȉțȌȐȚȤ Ȋ
ȕȐȝ ȊȣșȖȒȐȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ" DzȈȒȖȑ ȊȏȌȖȘ Ǻȣ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȐȋȘȈȍȠȤ ȘȖȓȤ

ȔȈșșȈȎȐșȚȈ ț ȉȖȋȈȚȖȑ șȚȈȘțȝȐ Ǻȣ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔȐ ȉȖȌ-
ȘȣȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȌȖȚȘȈȋȐȊȈȍȠȤșȧ ȌȖ ȍȍ ȖȔȍȘȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȌȘȧȉ-
ȓȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȍȚ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȍ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ Ȑ țȓȣ-
ȉȈȍȚșȧ Țȍȉȍ ȕȈȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋțȉȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȊșȚȈȊȕȣȍ
ȏțȉȣ
— Ǩ ȕȈțȒȈ" ǸȈȏȊȍ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȊȍȌȍȚ Ȓ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊț ȗȖȠȓȖșȚȐ Ȑ
ȚȘțșȖșȚȐ"
— ǷȖȥȚȖȔț-ȚȖ ȧ Ȑ șȒȘȣȓ ȖȚ ȘȖȏȖȊȖȑ ȉȍșȝȊȖșȚȖȑ ȖȉȍȏȤȧ-
ȕȣ șȊȖȍ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȍ ȇ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȚȈȑȕț șȐȓȣ ȚȧȋȖ-
ȚȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȕȈȠȍȓ șȗȖșȖȉ ȉȖȘȖȚȤșȧ ș ȕȍȦ Ȑ șȖȊșȍȔ ȍȍ ȗȈȘȈȓȐ-
ȏȖȊȈȚȤ Ǫșȍ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȣ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȗȘȐȚȧȋȐȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȓ ȍȍ ȞȍȕȚȘț
Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȕȈ ȋȓțȗȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ ȘȖȏȖȊȖȑ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȣ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȊȍșȖȔ.
ȇ ȔȖȋț țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȚȤ Ȋȍș Țȍȓ țȔȍȕȤȠȐȚȤ Ȑ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȚȤ ȗȖ șȊȖȍ-
Ȕț ȎȍȓȈȕȐȦ ȇ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓ ȖȚȘȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȖȚȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȔȐ șȐȓȈȔȐ DzȈȒȈȧ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȉțȌțȡȕȖșȚȤ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ
ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȧ ǴȖȎȕȖ ȗȖșȚȘȖȐȚȤ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ Ȑȏ șȚȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȝ ȗȓȐȚ — ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȑ ȉȘȖȕȍȕȖșȍȞ ș ȗțȠȒȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦ-
ȡȐȑ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚ ȌȊȍ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȥȒȐȗȈȎȈ Ƕȕ ȗȖȓȍȚȐȚ ȓȍȋȟȍ
ȗțȠȐȕȒȐ ǰ Ȗȕ Ȏȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȓȈȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȊȖȌȣ Ȑ
ȖȗțșȒȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȔȖȘșȒȖȍ ȌȕȖ ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟ-
ȕȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȍ ȚȧȎȍșȚȐ ǵȖ ȧ ȗȖȒȓȧȓșȧ
ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȈȧ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȈ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȍȚ Ȗ ȔȖȍȔ șȍȒȘȍȚȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊȖș-
ȗȖȓȤȏțȍȚșȧ ȐȔ Ȍȓȧ șȊȖȐȝ ȋȕțșȕȣȝ Ȟȍȓȍȑ ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȍȑ Ȗȉ-
ȒȘȈȌȣȊȈȚȤ ȋȍȕȐȍȊ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȒȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȞȍȗȐ Ȍȓȧ ȋȖȓȖȌȈ Ȑ
ȚȘțȌȈ
ǴȈȘȒ țȔȖȓȒ ǰ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȖȉȈ ȏȓȣȍ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ
ȕȈȋȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȑ ȟȍȘȚȧ ȚȘȖșȚȧȔȐ ȕȈ ȗȍșȒȍ ȌȖȘȖȎȒȐ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȣȍ
ȏȕȈȒȐ
ǰȓȤȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț
— ǴȈȘȒ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ" ǪȣȗțșȚȐȔ ȏȊȍȘȍȑ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȦ
ǴȈȘȒ ȌȘȖȋȕțȓ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓșȧ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȈșȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ
— ǩȘȈȊȖ ǩȘȈȊȖ
ǰ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȝȖȝȖȚȈȓȐ ȖȉȈ șȔȖȚȘȧ ȌȘțȋ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȈ
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61
III
— ǷȖȔȕȐ ǰȓȤȧ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ țșȓȖȊȐȍ țșȗȍȝȈ șȔȍȓȖșȚȤ Ȑ
ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȈ ǵȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȑ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȚȖȓȗȣ ȕȍ ȉȖȑșȧ
șȚȖȘȖȎȍȑ ȕȍ ȋȓȧȌȐ ȗȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȈȔ ǶȉȈ ȗȍȘȍȗȘȣȋȕȍȔ ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȖȋȘȈȌț ȇ ȖȚȖȉȤȦ ȏȈȔȖȒ ț ȓȤȊȐȕȖȑ ȒȓȍȚȒȐ Țȣ — ț ȚȐȋȘȈ
ǹȚȈȊȤ ȏțȉȐȓȖ ȗȖȌ țȋȓȖȔ Ȋ 30 ȋȘȈȌțșȖȊ Ȑ ȉȍȑ ȔȖȓȖȚȒȖȔ ǵȍ
șȚțȟȐ ȗȖȗțșȚț ǻȌȈȘ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȚȤ șȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȖȓȕȖȊȍșȕȣȑ
ǰȓȤȧ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȒȐȊȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
Ǩ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȍ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȍȕȤȍ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȈȓȈ Ȑ
ȗȘȐȉȣȊȈȓȈ
DzȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȚȍșȕȐȓȐșȤ ț ȒȓȍȚȖȒ ȝȐȡȕȐȒȖȊ
ǴȈȚȍȘȐ Ȑ ȖȚȞȣ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȐ ȌȍȚȍȑ Ȑ ȖȕȐ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȍ-
ȔȖȘȋȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȒȘțȋȓȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȒȈȔȐ ȗȖȓȕȣȔȐ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȈ
Ȑ șȚȘȈȝȈ DzȘȈșȐȊȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ș ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ ȋȘțȌȤȦ Ȑ ȠȐȘȖȒȐ-
ȔȐ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȉȍȌȘȈȔȐ ȌȍȓȈȓȈ ȊȐȌ ȟȚȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȏȈ-
ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȕȈ ȓȤȊȈȔȐ Ȉ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȊȠȍȍșȧ țȠȒȖ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȐȓȖșȤ
Ȑ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȓȖȊȐȓȖ ȊȒȘȈȌȟȐȊȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ șȚȖȧȊȠȍȋȖ ȘȧȌȖȔ
șȚțȌȍȕȚȈ ǷȘȐȎȐȔȈȓȈ Ȑ ȖȚȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȓȈ ȐȡțȡțȦ ȘțȒț
ǬȈȓȤȠȍ Ȋ Țț Ȏȍ ȖȋȘȈȌț țȗȍȘșȧ ȚȖȓșȚȣȔ ȎȐȊȖȚȖȔ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ
ș ȒȘȈȠȍȕȣȔȐ țșȈȔȐ Ȑ ș ȒȖȒȈȘȌȖȑ ȕȈ ȜțȘȈȎȒȍ Ǫ ȞȊȍȚȕȖȔ
ȠȍȓȒȖȊȖȔ șȈȘȈȜȈȕȍ ȎȐȘȕȈȧ ȖȚȒȖȘȔȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȒȖȘȔȐȓȐȞȈ ȗȖ-
ȊȖȌȐȓȈ ȒȖȘȖȊȤȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȧ Ȑȝ ȕȈ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ
Ȑ ȕȈ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈȝ
ǰ, ȌȍȘȎȈșȤ ȏȈ ȘțȒț țșȈȚȖȋȖ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȊȏȌȣȝȈȓȈ
ȍȋȖ ȉȍȘȍȔȍȕȕȈȧ ȎȍȕȈ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȍȔȈȧ ȖȚ ȚȖȓȗȣ ȔțȕȌȐȘȖȔ Ȕț-
ȎȈ ǸȈȉȖȟȐȑ ȗȖȓțȗȤȧȕȣȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȦȡȍ Ȑ ȏȈȌȍȊȈȓ
ȕȈȘȖȟȕȖ ©ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȝ ȉțȘȎțȍȊª ȏȈȊȐȌțȧ Ȑ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȊțȧ
— ǵȍȓȤȏȧ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ șȚȖȘȖȎ
ǵȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ǬȊȖȍ Ȋ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȟȤȐȝ ȒțȘȚȒȈȝ Ȑ ȊȣșȖȒȐȝ
șȈȗȖȋȈȝ ȗȍȘȍșȒȖȟȐȓȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȖȋȘȈȌț Ȑ ȓȖȊȒȖ ȊȏȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ
ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȜțȕȌȈȔȍȕȚ ȒȓȍȚȖȒ
ǸȈȏȌȈȓșȧ șȚțȒ Ȑ ȓȧȏȋ ȖȚȉȐȊȈȍȔȣȝ ȏȈȔȒȖȊ
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȌȍȓȈȦȚ ǹțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȍ ǶșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȍ
Ȑȝ ǺȖȓȗȈ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȈ Ȋ țȎȈșȍ șȉȐȊȠȐșȤ ȍȡȍ Țȍșȕȍȍ ǰ ȌȈȎȍ
ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ ȕȍ ȕȈȠȍȓșȧ Ȋ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț

62
ǯȈȔȒȐ șȓȍȚȍȓȐ Ȑ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȒȓȍȚȖȒ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȚȖȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ
Ǫ ȎțȚȒȖȑ ȚȐȠȐȕȍ șȓȣȠȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ țȟȈȡȍȕȕȖȍ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ Ȑ
ȘȖȉȒȖȍ ȊșȝȓȐȗȣȊȈȕȐȍ
dzȍȎȈȊȠȐȑ ȓȍȊ ȊșȚȈȓ ȊȖ ȊȍșȤ ȘȖșȚ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȧșȤ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȧ
Ȉ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȈȧ ȓȤȊȐȞȈ ȊȣșțȕțȓȈșȤ ȌȖ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȒȐ Ȑȏ ȒȓȍȚ-
ȒȐ ȖȉȕȦȝȐȊȈȧ ȊȖȏȌțȝ Ȑ ȊȖȘȟȈ
ǸȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȘȈȏȌȐȘȈȦȡȐȑ ȌțȠț ȒȘȐȒ ǺȐȋȘ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȔ
ȗȘȣȎȒȖȔ Ȋȏȧȓ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ Ȑ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȔȐȓȐȞț Ȋ ȧȘȒȖȔ
ȠȍȓȒȖȊȖȔ șȈȘȈȜȈȕȍ ǫȖȘȧȟȈȧ ȈȓȈȧ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȉȘȣȏȕțȓȈ ȜȖȕȚȈ-
ȕȖȔ ȖȒȘȈȠȐȊȈȧ ȎȍȓȚțȦ ȠȒțȘț ȝȐȡȕȐȒȈ Ȑ șȊȍȚȓȖȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ
ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ
Ǩ ȚȐȋȘ țȎȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȖȒȘȖȊȈȊȓȍȕȕțȦ ȔȖȘȌț Ȑ ȔȖȋțȟȐȔ
țȌȈȘȖȔ ȓȈȗȣ șȊȈȓȐȓ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒȈ ș ȚȖȓșȚȣȔ ȎȐȊȖȚȖȔ
ǹ ȊȖȍȔ ȘȣȌȈȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȒȘȐȒȖȔ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ
ȓȖȔȈȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ ȚȖȗȟȈ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȊȍșȍȕȕȐȍ ȞȊȍȚȣ ȕȈ
ȒȓțȔȉȈȝ
ǷȈȌȈȓȐ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ ȌȈȊȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ȚȍȘȧȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ
Ȑ ȌȍȚȍȑ
Ǩ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȣȎȒȈȔȐ ȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȚȘȐ ȝȐȡȕȐ-
ȒȈ țȉȐȊȈȧ ȖȚșȚȈȊȠȐȝ
— ǻ-Ȉ-Ȉ — ȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȍ. — ǾȐȘȒ ǵȍȘȖȕȈ ȞȐȘȒ
ǵȍȘȖȕȈ
ǰȓȤȧ ȊȣȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ Ȑ ȗțșȚȐȓ ȗțȓȦ ȊșȓȍȌ țȉȍȋȈȦ-
ȡȐȔ
— ǵȍ ȕȈȌȖ ǶșȚȈȊȤ — ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ȍȋȖ ǴȈȘȒ. — ǹȒȖȘȍȍ Ȓ ȌȘț-
ȋȐȔ ȒȓȍȚȒȈȔ
ǯȈ ȘȍȠȍȚȒȖȑ ȉȍșȕȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȗȈȕȚȍȘȣ ȗȖȌȕȧȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȏȈȌ-
ȕȐȍ ȓȈȗȣ ȌȈȊȐȓȈșȤ ȋȘȖȏȕȣȔ ȘȣȟȈȕȐȍȔ ȓȤȊȐȞȈ ȊȐȏȎȈȓȈ
ȕȍȐșȚȖȊȖ ȌȐȒȈȧ ȒȖȠȒȈ Ȑ ȘȣșȤ ȚȖȗȚȈȓȈșȤ ș ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȍȔ ț
ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȧ ȔȧȋȒȐȔȐ ȒȖȊȈȘȕȣȔȐ ȓȈȗȈȔȐ
ǯȈȔȖȒ șȓȍȚȈȓ ȏȈ ȏȈȔȒȖȔ ȞȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȖȠȒȐ ȊȣȋȐȉȈȧ
șȗȐȕȣ ȗȘȣȋȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȖȗțșȚȍȊȠțȦ ȌȖȘȖȎȒț Ȑ ȉȘȖșȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ Țț
șȚȖȘȖȕț ȖȚȒțȌȈ șȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȣȍ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ǪȣȝȖȌȕȣȍ ȊȖȘȖȚȈ ȏȈȊȈȓȐȓȖ ȉȈȘȈȝȚȈȦȡȐȔȐșȧ ȚȍȓȈȔȐ Ȑ
ȚȖȓȗȈ ȖȚȝȓȣȕțȓȈ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȎȒȈȔ șȈȌȈ ǪȓȍȏȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȚțȦ
șȞȍȕț ȗȣȚȈȓȐșȤ ȊȏȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȏȈȉȖȘ
ǹȚțȌȍȕȚ ș ȌȍȊțȠȒȖȑ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ
— Ǫ ȒȓȍȚȒț — ȌȖȋȈȌȈȓșȧ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȔȐȕțȚț șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ

63
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȋȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȊȣȌțȔȒȈ Ȑ ȍȑ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈ-
ȓȐ ǶȗțșȚȍȊȠȐȍ ȒȓȍȚȒȐ ȝȐȡȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȕȐȓȐșȤ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ
Ȑ ȌȊȍȘȞȣ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȏȈȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȌȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȏȈ-
ȒȓȦȟȐȓ șȍȉȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȏȊȍȘȧ ȊȣȘȊȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȕȈ șȊȖȉȖȌț
ǹțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȍ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐ șȊȖȍ țȎȈșȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ
— Dz ȔȍȌȊȍȌȧȔ ǹȒȖȘȍȑ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ
ǬȖȔȐȒ ȋȌȍ ȎȐȓȐ ȔȍȌȊȍȌȐ ȉȣȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȉțȜȍȚȕȣȔ ȏȌȈ-
ȕȐȍȔ
Ǫȣȗțȡȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȦ ȏȊȍȘȐ ȗȘȐȕȦȝȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ, ș ȗȍȘȍȊȈȓȤȞȍȔ ȗȖȉȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȊȒțșȕȣȑ
ȏȈȗȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȓ Ȑȝ ȖȉȖȕȧȕȐȍ Ȋ ȕȍȊȖȓȍ
dzȦȌȐ șȗȈșȈȊȠȐȍșȧ Ȋ ȏȈȓȍ ȉțȜȍȚȈ ș ȊȖȗȓȧȔȐ țȉȍȎȈȓȐ
ȗȘȐ ȊȐȌȍ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȋȖșȚȍȑ ǴȍȌȊȍȌȐ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȌȐȓȐșȤ ǶȌȐȕ șȚȈ-
Șȣȑ ȌȘȍșșȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȕȈ ȏȈȌȕȐȍ ȓȈȗȣ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȠȈ-
ȘȐȚȤ ȕȈ șȚȖȑȒȍ ǷȖȊȈȓȐȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȋȘȈȜȐȕ ș ȊȖȌȒȖȑ Ȑ ȎȈȌ-
ȕȖ șȚȈȓ ȓȈȒȈȚȤ șȉȍȋȈȦȡțȦ șȚȘțȦ ȈȓȒȖȋȖȓȧ
ǹțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȍ ȝȖȝȖȚȈȓȐ ǪȣȚȈȡȐȓȐ ȉțȚȣȓȒȐ Ȑȏ ȠȒȈȜȈ
ȖȚȉȐȓȐ ȋȖȘȓȈ Ȑ ȊȣȓȐȓȐ ȊȐȕȖ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ ǰ Ȋșȧ șȍȔȤȧ ȔȍȌȊȍȌȍȑ
ș ȗȖȌȖșȗȍȊȠȐȔȐ ȔȍȌȊȍȎȈȚȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȗȈȓȈ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȊȖȘȟȈ Ȓ
ȗȤȧȕȣȔ ȓțȎȈȔ
— Ǵȣ ȏȈȉȣȓȐ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǴȈȘȒ
ǪȍșȍȓȈȧ ȊȈȚȈȋȈ ș ȊȐȏȋȖȔ Ȑ ȒȘȐȊȓȧȕȤȍȔ ȘȈȏȉȍȎȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖ
șȈȌț ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȈȊȐȈȕ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȖȏȓȐȓșȧ Ȑ țȌȈȘȐȓ
ȐȏȖ Ȋșȍȑ șȐȓȣ ǰȓȤȦ ȗȖ ȡȍȒȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȖȉȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȓșȧ
ȊȐȏȎȈȓ Ȑ ȋȘȖȏȐȓ ȒțȓȈȒȖȔ
— ǸȈșȒțȍȔ șȓȖȕȈ
ǶȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȚțȠȈ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȌȊȐȕțȓȈșȤ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȎȒȍ ǵȖ ȒȘȐ-
ȒȐ Ȑ ȠțȔ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ǹȓȖȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȝȖȉȖȚ Ȑ ȏȈȚȘțȉȐȓ
ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȣȍ șȐȋȕȈȓȣ
ȅȚȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȕȐȓȖ Ȗ ȗȖȎȈȘȍ
— ǺȍȈȚȘ ǷȖȌȖȎȎȍȔ ȚȍȈȚȘ
ǷȖȟȚȐ Ȋșȍ ȏȊȍȘȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕȣ ǸȖȉȒȐȍ Ȑ ȗțȋȓȐȊȣȍ
ȗȖȗȘȧȚȈȓȐșȤ ȝȐȡȕȐȒȐ ȕȍ ȏȈșȚȈȊȈȓȐ ȚȍȘȏȈȚȤ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȉȍȓȣȑ
ȔȍȌȊȍȌȤ ȗȖȎȐȘȈȓ Țȍȗȓȣȑ ȚȘțȗ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȔȍȌȊȍ--
ȌȐ ȗȤȧȕșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ Ȑ șȒȈȕȌȈȓȐȓȐ Ȋ ȉțȜȍȚȍ ǺȍȈȚȘ ȗȣȓȈȓ ȒȈȒ
ȜȈȒȍȓ
ǶȘȓȣ ȖȚȊȣȒȕțȊ ȓȍȚȈȚȤ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȉȍȋȈȓȐ ș ȒȘȐȒȖȔ ȗȘȖȉțȧ
ȒȘȣȓȤȧ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ

— ǶȘȓȐȕȣȑ ȊȏȓȍȚ — ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈȓșȧ ǴȈȘȒ
ǹțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȍ ȊȏȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȒȘȣȠț ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȈȊȐȓȤȖ-
ȕȈ Ȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȖȑ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȐȧ
— ǹȔȍȘȚȤ Ȑ țȎȈș ǹȔȍȘȚȤ Ȑ țȎȈș ǯȊȍȘȐ ȖȚȖȔșȚȐȓȐ ǽȈ-
ȝȈ ǹ țȓȐȞȣ ȌȖȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȋȘȖȝȖȚ Ȑ ȏȊȖȕȒȐ ȗȖȌȢȍȝȈȊȠȍȑ ȗȖ-
ȎȈȘȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȣ ǹȈȌ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȓșȧ ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒȐȔȐ Ȑ șȖȓȌȈ-
ȚȈȔȐ ǯȈȝȓȖȗȈȓȐ șțȝȐȍ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȣ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȖȒ dzȦȌȐ ȉȣȓȐ șȗȈ-
șȍȕȣ
ǵȖ, ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȚȘȍșȒ ȋȖȘȧȡȍȋȖ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȒȘȐȒȐ șȚȖȕȣ ȘȍȊ
țȉȐȊȈȍȔȣȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ Ȋ ȉȍȏȌȕț țȎȈșȈ ȊȘȣȊȈȓșȧ șȊȍȘȝț ȚȖȘ-
ȎȍșȚȊțȦȡȐȑ ȝȖȝȖȚ ȉȍȏțȔȐȧ

65
I
ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊț ȕȐ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȊȍȏȓȖ
ǷȖșȓȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ȏȈȘȈȉȈȚȣȊȈȊȠȍȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȈȔȐ Ȑ
ȌȈȊȈȊȠȍȑ ȍȔț ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȑ șȚȖȓ Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȕȈ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ
ȘțȒȈȝ
ǬȍȓȈȚȤ, Ȋ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ, ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ țȔȍȓ ǩȍȋȈȓ ȗȖ țȘȖȒȈȔ ȕȖ
ȗȘȐ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȔ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ Ȋ șȚȖȓȐȞȍ ȚȘțȌ ȥȚȖȚ ȖȒȖȕȟȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȉȍșȞȍȕȍȕ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ șȈȔȣȑ ȌȍȠȍȊȣȑ țȘȖȒ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȟȈșȚȖ
ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ
ǷȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȗ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȥȒȏȈȔȍȕȍ
ǹȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȖȔ ȊșȚȈȓȈ ȕțȎȌȈ ǺțȚ țȎ ȕȍ ȌȖ ȘȈșșțȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȑ ȋȌȍ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȌȖșȚȈȚȤ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ ȕȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȉȣ ȕȍ țȔȍ-
ȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ ȓȐȠȤ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȌȖȑȚȐ ȌȖ ȗȖȓ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȖșȧȟȐȚȤ
DzȖȍ-ȒȈȒȐȍ șȊȧȏȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ș ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȧȔȐ ȋȈ-
ȏȍȚ ȌȈȓȐ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȐșȚȘȖȐȚȤșȧ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘȖȔ
ǵȖ ȊȣȌȊȐȕțȚȤșȧ Ȗȕ ȕȍ șțȔȍȓ ǯȈȘȈȉȖȚȖȒ ȉȣȓ ȕȐȟȚȖȎ-
ȕȣȑ ȕȖȟȍȊȈȓ ȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ț ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ-ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘȖȊ ȗȘȐ-
țȟȐȓșȧ șȐȌȍȚȤ ȟȈșȈȔȐ Ȋ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȈȝ Ȑ ȗȖȘȚȍȘȕȣȝ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ ȟȈș Ȑȝ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȐȧ ȊȣȌțȔȣȊȈȓ ȋȌȍ ȉȣ ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ ȕȖȟȤ.
ǿȈșȚȖ șȗȈȓ Ȋ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȐ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕȍ ȗȖȌȓȖȎȐȊ ȒȐȗț
șȚȈȘȖȑ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȗȖȌ ȋȖȓȖȊț
DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȕȐ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȕȧȚ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ ȉȍȋȖȚȕȍȑ ȗȖ
ȋȖȘȖȌț Ȋ ȗȖȐșȒȈȝ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȑ Ȍȓȧ ©ȝȘȖȕȐȒȐª Ȗȕ ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ
ȗȖȗȈȌȈȓ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȊȈȚȣȑ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕ ȒțȌȈ ȏȈȝȖȌȐ-
ȓȐ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘȣ Ȉ ȗȘȐ țȌȈȟȕȖȔ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȒȍ șȖȉȐȘȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȍȑ Ȑ ȒțȚȐȓȐ
ǬȈȎȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȗȍȍȒ Ȑ

66
ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȏȈȉȣȚȤ Ȗȉ ȖȉȍȌȍ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ șȈȌȐȓșȧ ȏȈ șȚȖȓȐȒ
Ȑ Țȧȕțȓ ȗȖȚȐȝȖȕȤȒț ȒȘțȎȒț ȗȐȊȈ ȗȘȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ Ȑ
ȎțȘȕȈȓȣ Ȑ ȖȎȐȌȈȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȑȌȍȚ ȓȐ ȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȝ
Ǫ ȚȘȍȏȊȣȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȈ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊț șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ
ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȎȈȓȤ șȍȉȧ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ
ȏȈ ȟȚȖ"
ǬȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ Ȗȕ ȎȐȓ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȋȖȓȖȌȈȓ ȕȍ
ȏȈȕȈȠȐȊȈȓ ȉȍȓȤȧ ȉȣȓ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȟȐșȚȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȓȦȉțȦȡȐȑ-
șȧ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ ǪȣȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȖșȤ șȚȘȍȔȓȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȒȖ ȊșȍȔț ȐȏȧȡȕȖȔț ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȔț ȊșȧȒȈȧ ȋȘȧȏȤ ȊȕțȠȈȓȈ
ȖȔȍȘȏȍȕȐȍ
Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȖȕȈȠȐȊȈȍȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ șȈȗȖȋ ȌȣȘȧȊȣȑ
ȉȍȓȤȍ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȧȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȔȍșȧȞȈ Ȋșȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȏțȌȐȚ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖȌ-
ȒȈ ȖȌțȘȔȈȕȐȊȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȏȈȉȣȚȤ țȎȈș ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǰ, șȐȌȧ Ȋ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȏȈ ȒȘțȎȒȖȑ ȗȐȊȈ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ ȟȈ-
șȚȖ ȏȈȌțȔȣȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈȌ ȉțȌțȡȐȔ Ȑ ȗțȋȈȓșȧ ȋȘȖȏȧȡȍȑ ȍȔț șț-
ȌȤȉȣ
ǶȒȖȓȖ șȍȔȐ ȟȈșȖȊ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘȣ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȊ șȊȖȐ
ȌȍȓȈ Ȋ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȧȝ DzȘȈșȈȊȍȞ ǩȖȕȌȈȘȍȊ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȝȖȌȐȓ șȓțȝ,
ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȕȈ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȐ șȚȈȘțȝȐ ȚȖȎȍ ȉȣȊȠȐȑ șȚț-
ȌȍȕȚ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȕȖ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊț Ȑ ȝȓȖȗȕțȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȗȓȍ-
ȟț
— ǵț ȒȈȒ ȌȍȓȈ, șȚȈȘȐȕȈ" ǬȍȕȤȋȐ ȍșȚȤ"
— DzȈȒȐȍ ȚȈȔ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ǵȍ ȖȉȍȌȈȓ ȊȖȚ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ
— ǰ ȌțȔȈȍȠȤ ȕȈșȣȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȕȈȗȐȚȤșȧ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȒȘțȎȒȖȑ ȗȐ-
ȊȈ" ǹȚȈȘȈȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ ǷȖȑȌȍȔ Ȓ ȕȈȔ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ ȧ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ țȋȖ-
ȡȈȦ ǹȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ Ȋșȍ șȊȖȐ ǬȈ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȔȘȈȟȕȍȍ ȕȖȟȐ ȝȖȌȐȠȤ,
șȓȖȊȕȖ șȖȉȐȘȈȍȠȤșȧ ȕȣȘȕțȚȤ Ȋ ǵȍȊț ș ǺȘȖȐȞȒȖȋȖ ȔȖșȚȈ"
— ǷȖȔȘȈȟȕȍȍȠȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȣ ȕȍȚ Ȑ ȍșȚȤ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ
— ǹȈȔ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚ! ǵȍ țȔȍȍȠȤ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ǮȐȏȕȤ
ȕȍ ȎȌȍȚ Ȑ ȗȖȌȈȘȒȖȊ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȕȖșȐȚ ȊȖȚ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȣȔ Șȣ-
ȞȈȘȧȔ ȒȈȒ Țȣ
— ǯȕȈȍȠȤ ȖșȚȈȊȐȔ ȓțȟȠȍ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ
— ǵț ȕț ȕȍ ȊȖȘȟȐ șȚȈȘȐȒ ǹȍȑȟȈș Ȕȣ Țȍȉȧ ȗȖȌȊȍșȍȓȐȔ
ǩȖȕȌȈȘȍȊ țȋȖȡȈȓ ȕȈ ȠȐȘȖȒțȦ ȕȖȋț ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ
ȖȚȒțȌȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȝȖȚȧ Ȋșȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ Ȗȕ ȗȖ-
ȓțȟȐȓ Ȋ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȍ ȊșȍȋȖ 8 Ș 25 ȒȖȗ
ǶȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȈ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȉȐȚ ȉȐȚȒȖȔ

67
ȕȖ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȕȖȊȣȍ Ȑ ȕȖȊȣȍ șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȒȐ ȋȈȏȍȚ
ǷȘȐȠȍȓ ȊȍșȤ ȉȘȐȚȣȑ, ș ȖȌțȚȓȖȊȈȚȣȔ ȉȈȉȤȐȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ Șȍ-
ȗȖȘȚȍȘ Ȑ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȔȈȝȈȓ ȌȊțȔȧ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐȗȧȚȐȘțȉ-
ȓȍȊȒȈȔȐ
— DzȖȋȖ ǴȐȚȤȒȈ ȕȈȎȍȋ"
— ǹȗȐȘȐȌȖȕȖȊȈ ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖ șȓțȟȈȦ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȧ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȔȈ-
ȋȈȏȐȕȈ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȖ ǻȋȖȡȈȓ, ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ǷȖȌȝȖȌȐȚ ȒȖ
Ȕȕȍ ©ǸȈșȗȐȠȐȚȍ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ — Ȋ ȓțȟȠȍȔ ȊȐȌȍª ȇ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ
©ȅȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖª Ƕȕ ȗȘȐ ȗȘȖȡȈȕȐȐ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȊȘțȟȐȓ
— ǪȘȍȠȤ ȊȘȍȠȤ ǴȐȚȤȒȈ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȟȍȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȍȔț ȗȘȐ-
ȋȘȖȏȐȓ ǯȕȈȍȔ Ȕȣ Țȍȉȧ ǺȈȒ ǹȗȐȘȐȌȖȕȖȊ Ȑ ȌȈșȚ ȗȖ ȌȖȉȘȖȑ
ȊȖȓȍ
—Ǩ ȊȖȚ Ȑ ȌȈȓ
Ǫșȍ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ ȟȚȖ ǴȐȚȤȒȈ ȐșȚȐȕȣ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȎȍȚ ǬȈ Ȑ ȒȚȖ
Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȉȍȋȈȓ Ȓ ȠȈȕȚȈȎț ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȚȣȊȈȓșȧ șȓț-
ȟȈȑ"ǰȏ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȊȣȋȓȧȕțȓȈ ȓȐșȤȧ ȔȖȘȌȖȟȒȈ Ȉ șȓȍȌȖȔ ȏȈ ȕȍȦ
ȒȘȈȌțȡȍȑșȧ ȗȖȝȖȌȒȖȑ ȊȖȠȍȓ șȘȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȘȖșȚȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȌȓȐȕ--
ȕȍȑȠȍȔ șȦȘȚțȒȍ ș ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȖșȖȉȖȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȒȓȈȕȧȦȡȍȑșȧ
șȗȐȕȖȑ
— DzȈȕȈ ǫȈȓȐȓȍȑșȒȈȧ ǪȖȌț Ȋ ȊȐȕȖ ȗȘȍȚȊȖȘȧȍȚȍ ǬȈȑȚȍ
ǩȖȋȈ ȘȈȌȐ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȊȖȌȒȐ Ȉ ȚȖ șȍȑȟȈș ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȦșȤ ad patres *.
— ǿȚȖ ș ȚȖȉȖȦ"
— ǪȒțȠȈȧ ȊȒțșȐȝ ȔȈȓȖ ȔȍȌț Ȑ șȍ Ȉȏ țȔȐȘȈȦ ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ țȚ-
ȘȖȔ ȏȈȒțșȐȓ Ȋ ȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȚȘȍșȒȖȦ Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ ǩȖȋț ȌțȠț ȕȍ ȖȚȌȈȓ
ǷȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȖ ȝȖȓȍȘȍ șȓțȟȈȑ
ȅȚȖ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘ Ȑȏ șȍȔȐȕȈȘȐșȚȖȊ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ țșȍȘȌȕȣȑ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȕȐȒ ȕȖ ȋȐȉȕțȡȐȑ ȖȚ ȏȈȗȖȧ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȐȏȊȖȌȐȓ
Ȋșȍȝ ȚȍȒșȚȈȔȐ
ǹȚȈȓȖ ȠțȔȕȖ ǫȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ, ȕȍ șȚȍșȕȧȧșȤ Ȑ ȕȍ șȓțȠȈȧ ȌȘțȋ
ȌȘțȋȈ ǹ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȞȐȕȐȏȔȖȔ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȓȐ ȒȚȖ Ȋȏȧȓ ȊȏȧȚ-
Ȓț ȒȚȖ șȖȘȊȈȓ ȒțȠ ȠȈȕȚȈȎȖȔ ǪșȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȍ ȗȖȌ-
ȊȐȋȐ Ȑ ǴȐȚȤȒȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗ Ƞțȉȍ
— ȅȚȖ Ȕȣ ȊȖȚ ȒȈȒ șȌȍȓȈȓȐ ǻ ǵȍșȚȍȘȖȊȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȠțȉȈ ȍȕȖ-
ȚȖȊȈȧ Ǩ ȧ, ȗȖ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȦ, Ȋ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ȕȈ șȚȍȘȓȧȎȤȍȔ Ȕȍȝț
ǷȘȐȠȓȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ Ȋ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȦ ǸȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ șȋȖȊȖȘȐ-
* Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɤ ɩɪɚɨɬɰɚɦ ɥɚɬ).

68
ȓȐșȤ ǵȍșȚȍȘȖȊ ȚȈȔ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȐȠȍȚ Ȉ ȧ Ȋșȍ ȝȖȎț ȖȒȖȓȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȝȖȎȍȑ ȎȌț ȒȖȋȌȈ ȠȊȍȑȞȈȘ țȑȌȍȚ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗȕ ȖȚȓțȟȐȓșȧ ȧ
șȍȑȟȈș ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ȕȈȌȍȓ Ȉ șȊȍȘȝț ȕȍșȚȍȘȖȊșȒțȦ Ƞțȉț Ȑ ȉȣȓ
ȚȈȒȖȊ ǵȈ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȘȈȒȚȐȘ ©DzȘȈșȕȣȑ ȋțșȤª ǪȣȝȖȌȐȚ
ȖȌȍȊȈȚȤșȧ ǵȍșȚȍȘȖȊ Ƞțȉȣ ȕȍȚ ǫȌȍ ȠțȉȈ" ǷȖȌȕȧȓ șȚȘȈȠ-
ȕȣȑ șȒȈȕȌȈȓ ©ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ — ȠțȉȈ ȌȊȍșȚȐ Șțȉȓȍȑ
șȚȖȐȚª ǪȣȠȍȓ șȈȔ ȘȍȌȈȒȚȖȘ — ǷȍȚȘ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȍȊȐȟ DzȖȍ-ȒȈȒ
țȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ǵȍșȚȍȘȖȊȈ ȊȏȧȚȤ 65 Șțȉ ȌȈ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ȍȔț șȊȖȍ ȌȍȔȐ-
șȍȏȖȕȕȖȍ ȌȈȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȉȣȓȖ, Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȊȣȑȚȐ ǷȈȓȤȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȧ Ȋȏȧȓ
șȍȉȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȍ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ Ȉ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȗȘȖȗȐȓȐ ǵț ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ țȏȕȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȕȈș Ȑȏ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȐ ȖȉȖȐȝ ȗȖȗȍȘȓȐ
DzȖȔȗȈȕȐȧ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȝȖȝȖȚȈȓȈ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ țȌȈȘ ȒțȓȈȒȖȔ ȗȖ șȚȖȓț Ȑ ȏȈȏȊȍȕȍȓȐ șȚȈ-
ȒȈȕȣ țȗȈȊȠȐȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ
Ǫșȍ ȖȋȓȧȕțȓȐșȤ
ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ șȐȌȍȓ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȑ ș ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȊȖșȗȈ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
— DzȈȒȈȧ ȔȍȘȏȖșȚȤ
— ȅȋȍ — ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȖȞȍȌȐȓ ǩȖȕȌȈȘȍȊ. — ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȒȈ-
ȎȍȚșȧ ȕȈȗȐȓșȧ
— ǵȍ țȗȐȊȈȑȚȍșȧ ȊȐȕȖȔ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȉȖ ȍșȚȤ ȉȓțȌ — ȉȈșȐȓ Șȍ-
ȗȖȘȚȍȘ-șȍȔȐȕȈȘȐșȚ
— Ǫșȍ Ȋȣ — ȗȖȌȓȍȞȣ ȕȍȋȖȌȧȐ ȠȈȕȚȈȎȐșȚȣ ȊȏȧȚȖȟȕȐ-
ȒȐ Ȑ șțȚȍȕȍȘȣ
— ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ ȒȈȒȖȍ Țȣ ȐȔȍȍȠȤ ȗȘȈȊȖ ȘțȋȈȚȤ-
șȧ" ǭșȓȐ Ȕȣ ȚȈȒ ȗȓȖȝȐ ȏȈȟȍȔ Țȣ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȓ ȕȈȔ șȐȌȐȠȤ ș
ȕȈȔȐ ȗȤȍȠȤ ȕȈȠț ȊȖȌȒț" ǰȌȐ ȗȘȖȗȖȊȍȌțȑ ȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ
ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ
ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȗȍȘȍȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȣȔ ȖȚ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ
ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— ǷȖșȚȖȑȚȍ ȊȣșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȗȖȊȍȌțȦ
ȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒț Ȋșȍ ȌȖȏȊȖȓȍȕȖ ǵȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȔȍȕȧȚȤ-
șȧ ȕȈ ȔȍȓȖȟȐ ȒțȗȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȋȘȧȏȐ ȇ ȘțȋȈȦ ȊȈș ȕȍ ȏȈ ȉȍȏȕȘȈȊ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȉ ȏȈ ȔȍȓȖȟȕȖșȚȤ ȏȈ ȗȖȠȓȖșȚȤ ȏȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȌȖ-
ȊȖȓȤșȚȊțȍȚȍșȤ ȕȐȡȍȕșȒȐȔȐ ȗȖȌȈȟȒȈȔȐ ȗȈȟȒȈȧ ȘȈȌȐ ȕȐȝ șȊȖȍ
ȐȔȧ țȕȐȎȈȧ șȊȖȦ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȤ
— Ǩ Țȣ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕ șȘȈȏț șȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ"
— ǵȍȚ ȗȖȋȖȌȐȚȍ ǪȣșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ǮȐȏȕȤ ȎȍșȚȖȒȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ

69
ȉȍȏțȔȕȖ ȎȍșȚȖȒȈ ǵȈȌȖ șȘȈȏț ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȍȍ ȒȈȕȌȈȓȖȊ
ǵȈȗȘȧȟȤ Ȋșȍ șȐȓȣ țȔȈ ȊșȦ ȓȖȊȒȖșȚȤ ȝȐȚȘȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȊȏȧȚȤ ȖȚ
ȎȐȏȕȐ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȚȈȚȤ șȖȊșȍȔ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȔ Ǩ Ȋȣ șȖȘȊȍ-
Țȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ Șțȉȓȍȑ ȏȈȒțȚȐȚȍ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣ ȕȈ ȖȌȕț
ȕȖȟȤ Ȉ ȕȈ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȈȌȖ ȐȌȚȐ Ȑ țȕȐȎȈȚȤșȧ
—ǬȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȌțȘȈȒ ȌȈșȚ Țȍȉȍ șȘȈȏț ȞȍȓȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ?
— ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȌȈșȚ ȕȈȌȖ ȖȚȕȧȚȤ ȝȐȚȘȖșȚȤȦ ȖȉȔȈȕȖȔ
șȐȓȖȑ
— ǵț șȚȈȘȐȒ Țȣ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȌȖȗȐȓșȧ ȌȖ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȋȖȘȧȟȒȐ
ǪȍȌȤ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȍȠȤ ȒȈȚȖȘȎȕȣȔȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȔȐ ȔȐȓȣȑ,
ȗȈȝȕȍȚ
ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ ȋȘțȏȕȖ șȍȓ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȗȐȚȤ șȚȈȒȈȕ ȏȈ șȚȈȒȈȕȖȔ Ȑȏ-
ȘȍȌȒȈ șȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȖșȖȓȖȊȍȓȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȧ
— ǺȘțșȣ ȔȍȓȒȐȍ ȎȈȓȒȐȍ ȚȘțșȣ
ǩȖȕȌȈȘȍȊ țȊȍȏ ȍȋȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȐȦ ȗȤȧȕȖȋȖ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȕȖȟȍ-
ȊȈȚȤ
II
Ǫ ȐȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȔ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘȈȔȐ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȍ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ ȘȖȊ-
ȕȖ Ȋ ȚȘȐ ȟȈșȈ Ȍȕȧ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓȈșȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȊ-
ȠȈȧ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ Ȗȉȡȍȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ
ǹȚȈȘțȝȈ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ Ȋșȧ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ ș ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȔ
ȘȐȌȐȒȦȓȍȔ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ
ǶȌȍȚȈ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ șȚȈȘȖȔȖȌȕȣȑ ȓȐșȐȑ șȈȓȖȗ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ
ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȒȈȗȖȘ ș ȖșȚȈȚȒȈȔȐ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȒȘțȎȍȊ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȈȝ
ȊȈȓȍȕȒȐ
ǷȖȌȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȓ ȖȌȕȖȔț Ȑ ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ șȚȖȓȐȒț Ȑ ȊȐȌȐ-
ȔȖ șȍȘȌȐȓȈșȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȍ ȍȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȕȧȚȖ
ǹȈȌȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ șȚțȓ Ȉ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȒȓȈȓȈ ȘȐȌȐȒȦȓȤ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȝȓȖȗȈȓȈ ȚȘȐ ȘȈȏȈ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȖȌȍȚȣȔȐ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȔȐ-
ȚȍȕȤȒȐ
ǷȖȌȝȖȌȐȓ ȓȈȒȍȑ
ǵȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈ ȖȉȍȌ Ȋ ȗȖȓȚȐȕȕȐȒ Ȑ ȉțȚȣȓȒț ȒȊȈ-
șȈ ǭȓȈ ȎȈȌȕȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȕȈȉȘȈșȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȍȌț Ȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȍȑ ȕȍ

70
ȝȊȈȚȈȓȖ ȗȖȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȝȓȍȉȈ
ǹȢȍȌȈȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌȈȦȚ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȧ ȕȐ ȒȘȖȠȒȐ ǷȖ-
ȚȖȔ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȎȈȌȕȖ ȗȐȓȈ ȒȊȈș ǬȖșȚȈȊȈȓȈ ȔȍȓȖȟȤ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȚȈȒ
ȟȚȖ șȌȈȟȐ ȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ǯȈȉȐȘȈȓȈ ȘȐȌȐȒȦȓȤ Ȑ,
țȝȖȌȧ ȖȒȐȌȣȊȈȓȈ ȏȈȓ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȕȍȋȖȌțȦȡȐȔ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
ȌȖȔ ǫȖȓȖȊȈ Ȋ ȒȈȗȖȘȍ țȒȖȘȐȏȕȍȕȕȖ ȒȈȟȈȓȈșȤ ȋțȉȣ ȉȍȏȏțȉȖ-
ȋȖ ȘȚȈ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȗȖȌ ȋȖȘȉȈȚȣȔ ȕȖșȖȔ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȎȍȊȈ-
ȓȐ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔȐ ȖȓȖȊȧȕȕȣȔȐ ȗțȋȖȊȐ-
ȞȈȔȐ
ǷȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖȓțșȋȖȘȉȓȍȕȕȖȑ șȗȐȕȖȑ Ȑ, ȋȘțȏȕȖ șȚțȗȈȧ
ȕȖȋȈȔȐ Ȋ ȊȈȓȍȕȒȈȝ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ țȌȈȓȧȓȈșȤ
ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓșȧ ȌȐȒȖȊȐȕȕȖȑ șȚȈȘțȝȖȑ ȕȖ
ȓȈȒȍȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȒȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȚȈȒȈȧ

71
— ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȗțșȒȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ǬțȔȈȓȐ, ȕȈ ȉȍȌȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȖ-
șȐȚ ǶȕȈ Ȓ ȉțȜȍȚȟȐȒț ©DzȈȒ Ȋȣ șȔȍȍȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȗțșȒȈȚȤ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȧ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȗȓȈȟțª ǪȣȕțȓȈ ȒȖȠȍȓȍȒ Ȑ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓȈ ț ȉțȜȍȚ-
ȟȐȒȈ ȗȖȌ ȕȖșȖȔ ǺȈȔ ȘțȉȓȐ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ Ȑ ȔȍȓȖȟȤ ©ȇ — ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȚ — ȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȉțȌț ȒȖȓȐ ȖȉȍȌ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑª ǩț-
ȜȍȚȟȐȒ ȗțșȚȐȓ ǹ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ Ȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȗțșȒȈȍȚ ǹȢȍșȚ ȖȉȍȌ ȗȖȓ-
ȚȐȕȕȐȟȕȣȑ ȊȣȗȤȍȚ ȒȊȈșȈ ȋȘȐȊȍȕȕȐȒ ȖȜȐȞȐȈȕȚț ȕȈ ȟȈȑ ǿȚȖ
Ȏȍ șȚȈȘțȝȈ ȕȍ ȊȘȍȌȕȈȧ Ǩ ȒȚȖ ȚȈȒȈȧ Ȑ ȋȌȍ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȌȖȏȕȈȚȤșȧ
ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ
ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊȈ ȗȖȘȈȎȈȓȈ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȌȈȎȍ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȈȊȚȖȔȈ-
ȚȐȟȕȖșȚȤ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȑ șȚȈȘțȝȐ ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȖȕȈ ș ȚȖȟȕȖșȚȤȦ ȒȐ-
ȕȍȔȈȚȖȋȘȈȜȈ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȓȈ ȊȟȍȘȈ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ Ȍȍ-
ȓȈȚȤ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ǶȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȖ ȊȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȖ șȈȌȐȓȈșȤ ȗȐȓȈ
ȍȓȈ Ȑ țȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȖȋȓȧȌȍȊ ȗȘȍȌȊȈȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊșȦ ȏȈȓț
ǫȖȓȖșȈ ȍȍ Ȗȕ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ șȓȣȝȈȓ dzȈȒȍȐ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȕțȎ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȌȈȚȤ Ȉ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȌȊțȝ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȝ ȖȕȈ ȊȣȉȐȘȈȓȈ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ
ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ ȕȈ ȒȈȘȚȖȟȒț
ǵȖ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ țȊȐȌȈȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȕȖȊȖȔ șȊȍ-
Țȍ Ǫ ȖȉȍȌȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȓȦȌȖ ȞȣȗȓȧȚȈ ȗȖȌ șȖțșȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ț
ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȋȖșȚȍȑ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȓȖ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȍȍ ȕȍȋȖȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȉțȘȕȖȍ
ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȍ ǵȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐ ȗȖȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȕȖȊȣȔ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍ-
ȓȧȔǬȖȠȓȈ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ Ȑ ȌȖ șȚȈȘțȝȐ ǭȌȊȈ ȖȕȈ ȖȚȊȍȌȈȓȈ ȞȣȗȓȧȚ
ȒȈȒ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓȈ
ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȍȍ ǹȚȈȕ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓșȧ ȎȍșȚ — șȐȓȤ-
ȕȣȑ ȊȓȈșȚȕȣȑ
— ȅȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ ǫȖȓȖș ȉȣȓ ȏȣȟȕȣȑ ș ȝȘȐ-
ȗȖȚȖȑ ȟȐșȚȖ ȔțȎșȒȖȑ ȋȖȓȖș
ǷȖȌȉȍȎȈȓ ȓȈȒȍȑ
— ȅȚȖ Ȋȣ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȗȖȌȈȓȐ" ǬȈ Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȒȚȖ ȧ"
Ǵȍȕȧ ȗȘȐ ȌȊȖȘȍ ȏȕȈȦȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȈȘȖȕ ǰȒșȒțȓȤ ȜȖȕ ǫȐȓȤȌȍ-
ȉȘȈȕȚ ȏȕȈȍȚ ǴȍȓȓȍȘ-ǯȈȒȖȔȍȓȤșȒȐȑ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȧ ȆșțȗȖ-
ȊȈ-ȅȓȤșȚȖȕ ȋȘȈȌȖȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ ȏȕȈȍȚ ǬȈ ȧ ȊȈș Ȋ 24 ȟȈșȈ ȏȈȒ-
ȘȖȦ ȇ ȝȖȎț Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȖȉȍȌȈȦ ȗȓȈȟț ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȉ
ȖȕȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚȘȈȊȐȚȤ ȊȏȌțȔȈȓȐ ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ Ȓ ȊȈȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌț!
Ǫșȍ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȌȍȘȎȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȖȕȈ ȋȖȘȌȖ ȊȣȠȓȈ Ȑȏ

72
ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȈ Ȑ șȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ șȓȖȊȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈșȤ
ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊț ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖșȈȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȊȣȧșȕȐȚȤ ȥȚț
șȚȘȈȕȕțȦ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȤ
«ǹȚȖȐȓȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȑȚȐ ȏȈ ȕȍȦ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȋȌȍ ȎȐȊȍȚ șȗȘȖ-
șȐȚȤ ȌȊȖȘȕȐȒȈ», — ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗȕ
ǰ șȈȔ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ șȊȖȐȔ ȔȣșȓȧȔ.
«Ǭȓȧ ȟȍȋȖ ȥȚȖ Ȕȕȍ" ǵț țȏȕȈȓ ȉȣ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȦ Ȑ ȈȌȘȍș Ȉ
ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȟȚȖ" ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȋ ȋȈȏȍȚȍ ȍȍ ȖȗȐșȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȘȍȌȒȖșȚȕȣȑ ȗȍ-
ȚȍȘȉțȘȋșȒȐȑ ȚȐȗ" ǹȕȍșȚȐ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ “ȊȍȟȍȘȕȦȦ” Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ
ȜȍȓȤȍȚȖȕȈ ǺȈȔ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȠȚțȒȐ ȓȦȉȧȚ».
ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȚȘȐ Ȑ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ șȚȈȓ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȚȤ Ȗ șȚȈȘțȝȍ
ǵȖ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȝȖȌȧ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȍ ȉȍȏ ȖșȖȉȖȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ Ȋ ȚȡȍȚȕȣȝ
ȗȖȚțȋȈȝ ȊȣȌțȔȈȚȤ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȗȕ ț ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȍ
șȚȈȘțȝț Ȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȏȈ ȕȍȦ

73
ǶȕȈ ȠȓȈ ȋȘțȏȕȖ șȚțȗȈȧ ȌȖ ȓȈȊȒȐ ȋȌȍ ȗȘȖȉȣȓȈ ȌȖȊȖȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ ȍȍ ȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖ ȎȌȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎ-
ȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ țȓȐȞȣ
ǪȣȠȓȈ Ȑ ȗȖȉȘȍȓȈ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȈ ǸȐȌȐȒȦȓȤ ȍȍ ȏȈȔȍȚ-
ȕȖ ȘȈȏȌțȓșȧ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ, ȖȚ ȗȖȒțȗȖȒ
ǹȚȈȘțȝȈ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȘȖȚȈȔȐ ǶȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȍ ȖȉȖȘȈ-
ȟȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȑ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊț ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȚȖȐȓȖ ȗȘȖșȓȍȌȐȚȤ
ȏȈ ȕȍȑ ȌȖ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȣ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȔ ȜȓȐȋȍȓȍ
ȕȈ ȌȊȖȘȍ ȹ 
ǪȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȘȖȚȈ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȗȖ ȌȖșȒȍ ȒȊȈȘ-
ȚȐȘȈȕȚȖȊ
ȹ  ǫȘ Ǩ Ƕ ǿȍȘȍȊȈȕșȒȈȧ
ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕ:
«Ǩ ȊȍȌȤ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ ȕȍ șȖȟȐȕȧȓȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȟȚȖ ȍȍ ȏȕȈȦȚ
Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȌȊȖȘȍ Ȑ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȊȣșȖȒȖȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȓȐȞȈ ǼȈȔȐȓȐȧ
ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈȧ ȋȘȖȔȒȈȧ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ».
ǸȈșșȍȧȕȕȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ Ȗȕ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȚȤ ȗȖ ȌȖș-
Ȓȍ ȹ  — ǵ Ƿ DzȈȓȔȣȒȖȊ
ǩȈȚȦȠȒȐ ȌȈ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓșȧ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ
Ȋ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȐ ȒțȌȈ ȏȈȕȖșȐȓ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ȏȊȈȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ǶȚȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ
ȗȖȑȚȐ șȍȑȟȈș Ȓ ȕȍȔț" DzșȚȈȚȐ Ȗȕ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
Ȗ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȍ
DzȈȓȔȣȒȖȊ ȏȈȘȈȉȈȚȣȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔȐ ȘȈșșȒȈ-
ȏȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ țȔțȌȘȧȓșȧ ȗȖȔȍȡȈȚȤ ȟțȚȤ ȕȐ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ Ȑ
ȎțȘȕȈȓȣ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖ ǷȘȖȊȍȓ ȗȘȧȔȖ
Ȋ șȚȖȓȖȊțȦ țșȈȌȐȓ.
— ǵȈȊȍȘȕȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȈȎȍȚȍșȤ ȊȣȗȐȚȤ Ȑ ȏȈȒțșȐȚȤ"
ǷȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓ ș ȎȍȕȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȝȖ-
ȏȧȑȒȖȑ ǹȒȖȘȖ ȊȍșȤ șȚȖȓ ȗȖȒȘȣȓșȧ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȐȔȐ ȏȈȒțșȒȈȔȐ
șȖȓȍȕȤȧȔȐ ȔȈȘȐȕȈȌȈȔȐ
ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊȈ ȥȚȖ ȋȖșȚȍȗȘȐȐȔșȚȊȖ ȓȈșȒȖȊȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȝȖȏȧȑȒȐ,
ȌȖȉȘȖȍ ȉȖȘȖȌȈȚȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ DzȈȓȔȣȒȖȊȈ ȖȚȖȋȘȍȓȐ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȏȈșȐȌȍȓ-
șȧ ȌȖ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȋȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ
— DzțȌȈ Ȏȍ ȊȈȔ ȐȌȚȐ ȗȍȘȍȕȖȟțȑȚȍ
ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊț ȗȖșȚȍȓȐȓȐ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ Ȋ șȚȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȕȈ șȚțȓȤȧȝ
ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈșȕțȓ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȕȖ ȟȈșȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ȘȈșȒȘȣȓȐșȤ șȈȔȐ șȖȉȖȦ Ȑ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ țșȐȓȐȧ ȚȈȘȈȡȐ-

74
ȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚț ǪȌȘțȋ ȕȖȟȕțȦ ȚȐȠȐȕț ȗȘȖȘȍȏȈȓ ȌȐȒȐȑ ȊȖȗȓȤ,
ȕȍșȠȐȑșȧ șȕȐȏț ǷȖȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȋȘȖȝȕțȓȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐ
ȕȈ ȗȖȓ ș ȘȈȏȔȈȝț ȗȖȓȍȕȖ
ǪȖȗȓȤ ȚȖ ȏȈȔȐȘȈȓ Ȑ șȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȐȏȌȈȓȍȒȈ ȚȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ȉȓȐȏ-
ȒȖ ȗȖȌ țȝȖȔ Ȑ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȚȤ șȓȖȊȈ:
— ȅȋȍȑ ȇ ȊȖȚ Țȍȉȧ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȋȖ ȅȋȍȑ
ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȋȘȖȝȈȓȖ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ ȗȖȓȍȕȖ
ȅȚȖ ©ȥȋȍȑª ȊȣȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȓȖșȤ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ ȝȘȐȗȓȣȔ ȋȖȓȖ-
șȖȔ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊț ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓȖșȤ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȐȔ ȌȖȔȈ țȔȈȓȐȠȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ǺȈȔ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȥȚȐ țȋȘȖȎȈȦȡȐȍ ȊȖȗȓȐ Ȑȏ ȒȈȔȍȘȣ
Ȍȓȧ ȉțȑȕȣȝ
ǻșȚȈȓȖșȚȤ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȊȏȧȓȈ șȊȖȍ Ȑ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȟȈȊȠȐșȤ ǪȍȘȍ-
ȚȤȍȊ țșȕțȓ ȌȖ țȚȘȈ
— ǵț ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȊȍȓȐ ȕȖȟȤ" — ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȐȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ȟȈȍȔ ȝȖȏȧȑ-
ȒȈ
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ǹȗȈȓ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ
— Ǩ ȕȍ ȗțȋȈȓȈ ȊȈș ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ țșȔȍȝȈȧșȤ DzȈȓ-
ȔȣȒȖȊ
ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȐȓșȧ
— DzȈȒȈȧ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ"
— ǹȈȔȈȧ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȈȧ ȍȍ șȐȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ǨȕȕȈ ǶȓȐȔȗȐȍȊȕȈ
ǿȍȘȍȊȈȕșȒȈȧ ȠȐȜȘ Ȑȏ ǹȔȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȗȘȐ ȌȊȖȘȍ ȉȣȓȈ
ȗȘȐȕȧȚȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȉȓȐșȚȈȓȈ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ ȊȣșȠȍȔ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ Ǩ
ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȖȌȕȈ, ȉȍȏ ȗȘȐșȓțȋȐ ȖȌȍȚȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȉȖȋȈȌȍȓȍȕ-
ȒȖȑ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȐȎȐȊȈȓȒȖȑ ǶȉȍȌȈȍȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ Ȋ ȌȍȠȍȊȣȝ ȘȍșȚȖ-
ȘȈȕȈȝ Ǩ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȈ Ȋșȧ ȗȖȓȕȈ ȗȚȐȞ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȗȖȘȖȌ dzȍȚȈȦȚ
ȕȈ șȊȖȉȖȌȍ Ȋșȍ ȏȈȗȈȒȖșȚȐȓȐ ǫȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȌȊȖȘȕȐȒ ȋȘȧȏȤ ȊȖȕȤ
Ȋ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ ǶȕȈ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȎȍȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȗț-
șȒȈȍȚ
— ǶȕȈ — șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȈȧ"
— DzȈȒ ȊȈȔ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ǷȖȌ ȖȗȍȒȖȑ ȕȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ǷȖșȚțȗȒȐ
ȍȍ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȘȈȏțȔȕȣ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȌȕȍȔ Ȉ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȊȖȚ ȉțȧȕȐȚ
— ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȖȕȈ, ș ȗȚȐȞȈȔȐ ȘțȋȈȍȚșȧ"
— ǭȌȊȈ ȓȐ ǹȒȖȘȍȍ ș ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȔȐ ȊȘȈȋȈȔȐ ȇ ȒȈȒ ȉȍȓ-
ȓȍȚȘȐșȚ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦ șȍȉȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȚȈȒ ǵȖȟȤȦ ȖȕȈ ȊșȗȖȔȐ-
ȕȈȍȚ ȊșȦ șȊȖȦ ȗȘȍȎȕȦȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȑ ȉȘȈȕȐȚ Țȍȝ ȒȚȖ ȍȑ ȟȍȔ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȘȍȌȐȓ
— ǭȍ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖșȍȡȈȍȚ"

75
— ǷȖȟȚȐ ȕȐȒȚȖ ǸȈȏ Ȋ ȔȍșȧȞ ȗȘȐȍȏȎȈȍȚ ȖȚșȚȈȊȕȖȑ ȋȍ-
ȕȍȘȈȓ ǫȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȍȍ ȘȖȌȕȖȑ ȉȘȈȚ ǶȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȐȔȈȍȚ ǮȍȕȈ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȘȈȏ ȥȚț ȊșȚȘȍȟț ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓ ȗȖȌȎȐȌȈȍȚ
ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȍ Ȉ ȖȕȈ ȊȣȕȍșȓȈ ȍȔț ȖȝȈȗȒț ȒȘȍȌȐȚȖȒ șțȕțȓȈ Ȋ
ȘțȒț Ȑ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ ©ǵȈ ȗȍȑ ȔȖȦ ȒȘȖȊȤª ǺȖȚ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ȌȈ
ȗȖșȒȖȘȍȍ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȊȕȐȏ
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ, ț ȕȍȍ Ȑ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ ȍșȚȤ"
—ǶȋȖ ǬȈ ȍȡȍ ȒȈȒȐȍ ǰ șȊȖȐ Ȑ ȗȖ ȕȈșȓȍȌșȚȊț ȖȚ ȔțȎȈ
ǫȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ț ȕȍȍ ȓȍȎȈȚ ȗȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȔ ȉȈȕȒȈȔ ȚȈȒ
ȟȚȖ ȖȉȡțȦ șțȔȔț ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ǵȖ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȗȖȓțȔȐȓ-
ȓȐȖȕȈ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȧȒȈ Ǩ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȚ Ȋ ȉȈȕ-
ȒȈȝ Ȉ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȋșȍ ȖȕȈ ȌȍȘȎȐȚ ȕȈ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ Ȑ ȕȍ Ȋ ȗȘȖȞȍȕȚ-
ȕȣȝ ȉțȔȈȋȈȝ Ȉ Ȋ ȏȖȓȖȚȍ Ȑ ȒȘȍȌȐȚȒȈȝ ǴȈȓȖ ȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȉȖȓȚȈȦȚ
ǪȍȘȕȖ ȖȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȉȖȋȈȚȈ Ȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ șȒțȗȈ ǩȍ-
ȌȖȊȈȧ șȚȈȘțȝȈ Ǩ ȋȖȓȖș-ȚȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȚȖȟȤ-Ȋ-ȚȖȟȤ ȒȈȒ ț ȜȍȓȤȌ-
Ȝȍȉȍȓȧ ș ȗȍȘȍȗȖȧ
— ǯȕȈȍȚȍ ȍȡȍ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ? — ȊȔȍȠȈȓȈșȤ ȎȍȕȈ DzȈȓȔȣ-
ȒȖȊȈ. — ǵȈ ȌȊȖȘȍ ȝȖȌȐȚ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ ț ȕȍȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ ǬȍȓȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȎȐȋȈȍȚ Ȗȋȕȧ ǺȖ-
ȓȤȒȖ ȓȈȔȗȈȌȒȐ ȚȍȗȓȧȚșȧ ǰ ȊȖȚ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ț ȖȒȕȈ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ
ȉȍȓȖȍ ǴȈȠȍȚ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ,
ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ, ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȖȒȕȖ
— ǷțșȚȧȒȐ — ȉȘȍȏȋȓȐȊȖ ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓșȧ ȔțȎ. — ǶȝȖȚȈ Țȍȉȍ
ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȚȤ ȥȚȐ ȋȓțȗȖșȚȐ
— ǵȍ ȋȓțȗȖșȚȐ ȔȐȓȣȑ ǴȈȓȈȠȈ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȍȑ ȌȊȖȘȕȐȒ ȗȖ-
ȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ
— ǷțșȚȧȒȐ — țȗȖȘȕȖ ȕȈșȚȈȐȊȈȓ DzȈȓȔȣȒȖȊ
ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ țȠȍȓ ȗȖșȓȍ șȣȚȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȈ ȏȈȕȧȊ ȒșȚȈȚȐ ț
ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ ȗȧȚȤ Șțȉȓȍȑ
III
ǪȣȝȖȌȒȈ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊȈ ȕȈ ȒțȚȍȎȍ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘȖȊ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȈ ȌȈ-
ȘȖȔ ǭȋȖ șȚȈȓȐ ȧȊȕȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȐȚȤșȧ
ǻȊȍȘȍȕȐȧȔ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȘțȋȈȓ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈ ȔȍȓȖȟȕȖșȚȤ
ȉȍȏȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȖȊ Ȉ șȈȔ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȖȋȘȈȉȐȚȤ

76
ȕȖ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒțȠ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȈȓ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ
— ȅȚȖ șȗȤȧȕț Ǩ ȠȈȕȚȈȎȐșȚȈȔȐ Ȑ șțȚȍȕȍȘȈȔȐ șȟȐȚȈȍȚ
ȕȈș ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
DzȖȋȌȈ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓ Ȓ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȐ Ȋ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȍ ȠțȔ--
ȕȈȧ ȉȍșȍȌȈ șȔȖȓȒȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȐȓȐ ȗȘȐșȍșȚȤ Ȓ șȚȖȓț
ǭȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȥȚȖ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ Ǹȍ-
ȗȖȘȚȍȘȣ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȋȈȏȍȚ ȖȉȔȍȕȐȊȈȦȚșȧ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȘȈșȗȘȍ-
ȌȍȓȧȦȚ ȔȍȎȌț șȖȉȖȦ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȝȖȚȤ ȕȍȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȑ ȌȕȍȊȕȖȑ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȖȒ
ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ ȓȐȠȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȥȚȖȋȖ ǭȔț ȕȍ ȖȚȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȗȘȧȔȖ
ȕȖ ȕȍȚȘțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȜȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȓȐ
Ȑȏ șȘȍȌȣ ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ©ǵȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ șȈȔȐ ȐȏȔȣȠ-
ȓȧȍȔª ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ©ǶȗȖȏȌȈȓ Ȋșȍ țȎȍ ȘȈșȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȓȐª ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍ-
Ȋț ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȗȍȘȍȑȚȐ ȕȈ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȒȐ Ȉ ȥȚȖ ȘȈȊȕȖ-
șȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȉȍȏȘȈȉȖȚȐȞȍ Ǫșȍ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȋ
ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȦ șȐȌȍȓ ȏȈ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘșȒȐȔ șȚȖȓȖȔ ȒțȘȐȓ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșȣ
ǩȖȕȌȈȘȍȊȈ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȌȐȕ ȕȍ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ Ȑȏ-
ȘȍȌȒȈ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȓ ȘțȉȓȧȔȐ
ǷȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȎȐȚȤ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȑȔȈȔȐ
ǬȊȈ ȘȈȏȈ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȓ Ȗȕ Ȓ DzȈȓȔȣȒȖȊȣȔ ȗȐȓ ȍȓ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ
ȘȈȏ ȒȖȕȟȈȓ ȊȐȏȐȚ ȗȘȖșȤȉȖȑ Ȗ ȏȈȑȔȍ ȌȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȗȖȓțȟȒȐ Ȑȏ
ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȐ
DzȈȓȔȣȒȖȊ ȔȖȘȡȐȓșȧ ȕȖ ȌȈȊȈȓ
ǵȖ ȊșȚțȗȐȓȈșȤ ȎȍȕȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȕȖȊȖȔ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȐ ȊȣȠȓȈ Ȋ
ȗȘȐȝȖȎțȦ Ȑ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȏȈȧȊȐȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȔțȎ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȏȈȕȧȚ ȘȈȉȖ-
ȚȖȑ Ȉ ȖȕȈ șȍȑȟȈș țȍȏȎȈȍȚ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐ
ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ Ȓ ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ ȕȍ ȍȊȠȐȑ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ țȠȍȓ ȒȈȒ Ȗȗ-
ȓȍȊȈȕȕȣȑ ș ȎțȚȒȐȔ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȔȍșȚȖ ȋȌȍ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȐȔȈȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȚȍȗȓȖ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȖ Ȑ ȔȐȓȣȍ ȌȖȉȘȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ șȚȈȓȐ
șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȎțȓȐȒȈ Ȑ ȉȍȏȌȍȓȤȕȐȒȈ
ǴȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȧ ȒțȌȈ ȗȖȑ-
ȌȍȚ Ȑȏ ȊȖȘȖȚ ȍȌȊȈ ȗȍȘȍșȚțȗȈȧ ȌȊȐȋȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȌȊȖȘț
ǴȐȔȖ ȗȘȖȠȓȈ șȚȈȘȈȧ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ
ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ȅȚȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȈȧ șȋȖȘȉȓȍȕȕȈȧ șȗȐȕȈ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȒȈȗȖȘ, ȘȈȏȕȖ-
Ƞȍȕȕȣȍ ȊȈȓȍȕȒȐ ȊȌȘțȋ șȚȈȓȐ ȍȔț ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȕȣ
«ȇ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ șȐȓȤȕȣȑ țȔȕȣȑ ȋȐȉȕț ȖȚ ȋȖȓȖȌȈ Ȉ ȥȚȈ ȕȐ-

77
ȒȖȔț ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȈȧ șȚȈȘțȝȈ șȐȌȐȚ ȕȈ ȌȍȕȤȋȈȝ Ȑ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȟȍȘȚ ȏȕȈȍȚ
ȒȈȒ șȒțȗȐȚșȧ ȐșȚȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȓȐȠȕȦȦ ȒȖȗȍȑȒț ȕȈ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ ȖȉȍȌ.
ǻȔȘȍȚ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ șȚȈȘȖȔț ȒțȚȐȓȍ-ȉȘȈȚț ȐȓȐ ȏȈȊȍȡȈȍȚ
ȕȈ ȉȓȈȋȖȚȊȖȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ țȟȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȧ Ȉ Țȍ ȘȈșȚȈȡȈȚ».
ǶȏȓȖȉȓȍȕȐȍ ȘȖșȓȖ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ
«ǷȖȑȚȐ ȗȘȐȌțȠȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȖȚȕȧȚȤ ǸȈȏȊȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ
ȕȍșȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖ"»
ǵȖ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȒȈȒ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ ȕȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȌȍȓȈ Ȉ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗȏ-
ȓȖȉȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȔȍȟȚȣ
ǶșȚȈȕȖȊȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȌȊȖȘȍ Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȖȒȕȈ ȒȊȈȘ-
ȚȐȘȣ șȚȈȘȖȑ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȐ
ǩȣȓȖ țȎȍ ȚȍȔȕȖ Ǫ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ ȞȈȘȐȓ ȔȘȈȒ ȍȓȍ-ȍȓȍ ȘȈȏȋȖ-
ȕȧȍȔȣȑ ȒȘȈșȕȖȊȈȚȣȔ ȔȍȘȞȈȕȐȍȔ ȓȈȔȗȈȌȖȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȋȖȘȍ-
ȓȐ Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ
ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ Ǫ șȘȍȌȕȍȔ ȖȒȕȍ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȖșȤ
ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉȍȓȖȍ ȖȕȖ ȊȣȘȖșȓȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȌȖ ȊȍȘȝȈ ȘȈȔȣ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȒȖȓȣ-
ȝȈȓȖșȤ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȔȈȝȈȓ ȌȍșȧȚȖȒ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ ȒȘȣȓȤȍȊ ȚȖ ȏȈșȓȖ-
ȕȧȧ Ȋșȍ ȖȒȕȖ ȚȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȒȘȈșȕȖȊȈȚȣȍ ȔȍȘȞȈȦȡȐȍ ȗȘȖșȊȍ-
Țȣ
«ǺȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȒȈ, ȥȚȖ ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ" Ǩ
DzȈȓȔȣȒȖȊ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȗțșȚȧȒȐ ǷțșȚȤ ȉȣ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ
ǩȍȓȖȍ ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ ȐșȟȍȏȓȖ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȧȊȐ-
ȓȖșȤ Ǫ ȖȒȕȍ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȐȓșȧ ȚȍȔȕȣȑ șȐȓțȥȚ șȚȈȘțȝȐ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȐ-
ȊȈȦȡȍȑ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ șțȍȊȍȘȍȕ ȕȖ ȍȔț șȚȈȓȖ ȕȍ ȗȖ șȍȉȍ Ȑ Ȗȕ
ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ țȑȚȐ
DzțȌȈ ȌȍȊȈȚȤșȧ" Ƕ ȕȖȟȍȊȒȈȝ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕȍ Ȋ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȐ țȏȕȈȓ
ȐȏȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȓ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖȍ ȊȕțȠȍȕȐȍ șȚȖȘȖȎț ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ǻ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊȈ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȒȖȗȍȍȒ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ
«ǵȈȌȖ ȗȖȑȚȐ Ȋ ȕȈȠ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕ ȕȈ ȝȖȌț ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȍȠȤ».
Ƕȕ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓ ȟȚȖ șȐȌȧ ȓțȟȠȍ ȌțȔȈȍȚșȧ
ǹȗȘȖșȐȓ ȒȘțȎȒț ȗȐȊȈ Ȑ ȗȐȓ ȍȍ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȖȚȒȈȔȐ
ǵȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȐȏȕțȘȍȕȕȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȌȖȔ Ȑ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȤȦ ȖȚȒȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȓȈșȤ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȔȣșȓȐ ȗȓȣȓȐ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȚțȔȈȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȍ
ȕȈ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȕȖȔ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ Ȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȌȘȍȔȈȓ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ

78
Ƕȟȕțȓșȧ Ȗȕ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȖȚ ȟȤȍȋȖ-ȚȖ ȖȒȘȐȒȈ
ǹȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȧșȕȖ țșȓȣȝȈȓ șȓȖȊȖ «ǽȖȘȚȐȒ»
ǿȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ǽȖȘȚȐȒ"
ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȖȉȘȈȊȠȐșȤ ș ȔȣșȓȧȔȐ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋ Șȍ-
ȌȈȒȞȐȦ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȐȏȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ, șȚȘȈȕȕȖ
țȠȍȌȠȍȑ Ȋ ȗȓȍȟȐ ș ȏȖȘȒȐȔȐ șȍȘȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȗȖȌ ȘȣȎȐȔȐ
ȋțșȚȣȔȐ ȉȘȖȊȧȔȐ
ǷȘȐȕȍș ȏȈȔȍȚȒț Ȗ ȏȈȉȈșȚȖȊȒȈȝ Ȋ ȘȈȉȖȟȍȔ ȘȈȑȖȕȍ Ȑ ȖșȖ-
ȉȍȕȕȖ țȗȐȘȈȓ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȈ ȔțȏȣȒȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕ-
ȚȖȊ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȗȕ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȔȒȕțȓȈ Ȓ ȖȉȡȍȔț ȌȊȐȎȍ-
ȕȐȦ
ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓșȧ
— Ǫȣ ȕȍ șȖȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚȍ ȘȈȉȖȟȍȔț ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȦ"
— ǵȍȚ ©ȘȈȉȖȟȍȔțª ȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȖȟțȊșȚȊțȦ Ȉ ȗȓȧșȈȚȤ ȗȖȌ
ȌțȌȒț ȥșȌȍȒȖȊ ȕȍ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕ
— ǬȈ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȊȈȠȈ ȘȈȉȖȟȈȧ ȗȈȘȚȐȧ
— Ǫȣ ȒȈȒ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȐȋȍȕȚ ȚȈȒ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ Ȉ Ȕȣ — ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ —

79
ȌțȔȈȍȔ ȐȕȈȟȍ Ǻȍ Ȏȍ ȉțȘȎțȐ ȕȖ Ȋ ȒȘȈșȕȣȝ ȗȓȈȡȈȝ ǰȕȚȍȓ-
ȓȐȋȍȕȞȐȧ ȍșȚȤ ȒȓȈșș ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȍ șȖȊȗȈȌȈȦȚ ș
ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȈȔȐ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ȅȚȖ ȈȘȐșȚȖȒȘȈȚȐȧ țȔȈ Ȑ ȏȕȈȕȐȑ ȐȌț-
ȡȈȧ ȕȈ șȔȍȕț ȌȍȕȍȎȕȖȑ ȉțȘȎțȈȏȐȐ Ǵȣ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȔȒȕțȓȐ Ȓ
ȏȈȉȈșȚȖȊȒȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȔ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ ȕȍȚ ȌȖ ȗȖȓȐ-
ȚȐȒȐ ǭȍ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȐȋȍȕȞȐȧ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȑ ȖȕȈ ȕțȎȕȈ
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ Ȋȣ ȈȕȈȘȝȐșȚ"
— ȅ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȑȚȍ ȒȈȒ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȒț ȗȖȔȍșȚȐȚȍ Ȋ
ȚȖȔ ȊȐȌȍ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȈ
ǷȖșȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȧșȕȖ
ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȐȋȍȕȚ șȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȊȠȐȑșȧ
Ȋ ȘȈȉȖȟȍȋȖ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓȖșȤ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ Ȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓșȧ Ȓ Ǫȍ-
ȘȍȚȤȍȊț
ǺȖȚ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȓ ȗȘȖșȤȉț Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓ ș ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȔ
șȚȖȧ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ
— ǷȖȑȌȍȔ ȗȖȚȖȓȒțȍȔ Ȋ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȍ — ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȘȈȏ Ǫȍ-
ȘȍȚȤȍȊ
— ȇ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȤȦ Ǩ ȍșȓȐ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȗȖȉȍșȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȍȏ-
ȎȈȑȚȍ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ
ǰ ȌȈȓ ȈȌȘȍș ȏȈ ǵȍȊșȒȖȑ ȏȈșȚȈȊȖȑ ȚȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȗȍȘȍțȓȖȒ
ǴȈȚȊȍȑ ǽȖȘȚȐȒ ǼȈȔȐȓȐȧ — ȕȍȖȉȣȟȕȈȧ ȊȘȍȏȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ.
ǬȈȎȍ ȗȖȔȕȐȚșȧ ȕȈȊȧȏȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȔȖȏȋț ǽȖȘȚȐȒ ǽȖȘȚȐȒ
«ǵȍ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȓȐ ȧ ȈȌȘȍșȈ"» — ȐșȗțȋȈȓșȧ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ ǵȖ, Ȓ
șȟȈșȚȤȦ, ȋȘȧȏȕȈȧ ȐȏȔȧȚȈȧ ȉțȔȈȎȒȈ șȒȖȘȖ ȕȈȠȓȈșȤ Ȑ ǪȍȘȍ-
ȚȤȍȊ ȗȖȍȝȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȔ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȍ ȏȈ ǵȍȊșȒțȦ ȏȈșȚȈȊț
ǽȖȘȚȐȒ ȎȐȓ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȔ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȖȔ ȌȖȔȐȒȍ-ȖșȖȉȕȧ-
Ȓȍ ǵȈ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȗȕ șȈȔ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȖȋȓȧȌȍȓ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍ-
ȊȈ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȘȖșȚȖ
— ǷȘȖȝȖȌȐȚȍ
ǩȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȍ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȖȑ ș
ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȖȔ Ȑ șȚȖȓȖȊȖȑ
ǷȖ ȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȍȕȍ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȊȍȘșȚȈȒ Ȑ ȚȖȒȈȘȕȣȑ șȚȈȕȖȒ Ǩ
ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȠȒȈȜ ș ȒȕȐȋȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȣȑ șȚȖȓ
Ǫ țȋȓț ȕȈȒȘȣȚȣȑ șȒȈȚȍȘȚȤȦ șȚȖȓ ǵȈ ȕȍȔ ȉțȚȣȓȒȈ ȊȖȌ-
ȒȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȉțȚȣȓȖȒ ȗȐȊȈ ȒȖȓȉȈșȈ ȕȈȘȍȏȈȕȕȈȧ ȕȈ ȒȘț-
ȎȖȟȒȐ șȍȓȍȌȒȈ ȒȐșȓȈȧ ȒȈȗțșȚȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȒȘȈȦȝȈ ȝȓȍȉȈ ǯȈ
șȚȖȓȖȔ șȐȌȍȓ șȘȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȘȖșȚȈ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȑ ȗȖȘȈȎȈȊȠȐȑ ȕȍȖȉȣ-

80
ȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȠȐȘȐȕȖȑ ȋȘțȌȐ ǸțȒȈȊȈ ȗȐȌȎȈȒȈ ȚțȋȖ ȖȉȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȐ
ȈȚȓȍȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȔțșȒțȓȣ ǩȍȏțșȖȍ Ȑ ȉȍȏȉȖȘȖȌȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȖȚȓȐȟȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȋȘțȉȣȔȐ ȘȍȏȒȐȔȐ ȟȍȘȚȈȔȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȊȣȘțȉȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ Șȍȏ-
ȞȖȔ Ȑȏ ȋȘȈȕȐȚȈ ǵȐȏȒȐȑ ȝȔțȘȣȑ ȓȖȉ Ȑ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ șȊȍȘ-
ȒȈȦȡȐȍ ȖșȚȘȐȍȔ șȚȈȓȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǽȖȘȚȐȒ ȗȖȌȊȍȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊȈ
— ǴȖȑ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ — DzȈȉȈȓȤșȒȐȑ
ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȖȚ ȉȖȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȘȤ ȗȖ-
ȎȈȓ ȍȔț ȘțȒț
— ǷȤȍȚȍ ȊȖȌȒț"
— ǷȤȦ
— ǵȈȓȐȊȈȑȚȍ șȈȔȐ ȏȈȒțșȣȊȈȑȚȍ

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Ǫ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȉȣȓ Ȑ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊȈ ȕȍ ȏȕȈ-
ȒȖȔȐȓȐ ȅȚȖȚ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȖșȚȤȦ ǽȖȘȚȐȒț Ȑ
DzȈȉȈȓȤșȒȖȔț ǶȌȍȚ ȗȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȔȖȌȍ ȞȊȍȚȕȖȑ ȋȈȓșȚțȒ ǿȍȘ-
ȕȣȍ țșȣ Ȑ ȥșȗȈȕȤȖȓȒȈ Ƕȕ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ ȕȈȘțȎȕȖșȚȤȦ ȜȖȒțș-
ȕȐȒȖȊ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȖȊ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ Ȑ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȔȈȋȐȐ ȗȘȍșȚȐȌȐȎȐȚȈȚȖ-
ȘȖȊ Ȑ ȋȐȗȕȖȚȐȏȍȘȖȊ
ǻȊȐȌȈȊ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊȈ Ȗȕ ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓ ǽȖȘȚȐȒȈ Ȋ șȓȍȌțȦȡțȦ ȒȖȔ-
ȕȈȚț Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȊȗȖȓȋȖȓȖșȈ
— ǬȈ ȊȈȔ ȊșȦȌț ȠȗȐȒȐ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚșȧ — ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȖȚ-
ȊȍȟȈȓ ǽȖȘȚȐȒ. — ǷȘȖșȚȖ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘ Ȑȏ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ, ȊȐȌȐ-
ȔȖ, șȐȓȤȕȖ ȕțȎȌȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȍȓ ȍȡȍ
ȕȐȟȍȋȖ Ǩ ț ȊȈș șȍȑȟȈș ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȧ ǯȈ șȊȖȦ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕțȦ ȓȐȟ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȖȗȈșȈȍȚȍșȤ"
— ǵȍȚ ȕȖ ȧ ȊȍȌȤ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ ȊȣȧșȕȐȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȚȖȟȒț ȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȏȈ-
ȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚȈ
— ǵț Ȑ ȊȣȧșȕȧȑȚȍ
— DzȈȒ Ȏȍ ȗȘȐ ȕȍȔ"
— ǬȈ Ȋ ȟȍȔ, șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ, ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ? ǪȍȌȤ Ȋȣ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȍȚȍ
ȊȖȗȘȖș ȚȍȖȘȍȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȕȍ ȒȖȕșȗȐȘȈȞȐȧ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
— DzȈȒ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ǵȈ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ
— ǬȈ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȕȤȚȍ ȚȘțșȐȚȤ Ǫ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ
— ǯȌȖȘȖȊȖ ȍȋȖ ǴȈȚȊȍȑ ȗȘȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȍȚ — ȖȌȖȉȘȐȓ DzȈȉȈȓȤ-
șȒȐȑ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȌȣȊȈȧ Ȋ ȋȖȘȓȖ șȚȈȒȈȕ ȗȐȊȈ. — ǺȈȒ ȐȔ ȏȈȋȘȈȕȐȟ-
ȕȣȔ șȓȍȚȒȈȔ Ȑ ȕȈȌȖ
ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȑ ȝȖȌȧ ȊȏȈȌ Ȑ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈȔȐ ȎȍșȚȐȒțȓȐȘțȧ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȘȈȏȢȧșȕȧȚȤ
ȈȊȚȖȘȐȚȍȚȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ©ȗȘȖȋȘȈȔȔț ȔȈȝȈȍȊȞȍȊª *.
— ǹȓȣȝȈȓȐ ǩȍȏ Țȍȉȧ ȏȕȈȍȔ — ȉțȘȒȕțȓ DzȈȉȈȓȤșȒȐȑ
— ǷȖ ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȐȦ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚȈ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȊȈȔ ȏȈȧȊȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ
ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȕțȦ ȉȍȏȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȒȘțȎȒȖȊ
ȏȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǵȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȖȎȐȊȐȚȤ ȌȍȓȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖȧȊȐȚȤ
șȍȉȧ ȈȒȚȐȊȕȖ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ — ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ DzȈȉȈȓȤșȒȐȑ. — Ǩ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȤ-
Țȍ șȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȥȒșȗȘȖȗȘȐȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȕȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȖȚ-
* Ⱥɧɚɪɯɢɫɬɵ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɨɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɟɪɚ ə ȼ Ɇɚɯɚɣ-
ɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɜɲɢɟ ɱɬɨ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɟɦ ©ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧ-
ɧɵɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɦª ɢ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɢɝɟɧɰɢɟɣ

82
ȌȈȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȐȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȖșȚȈȕțȚșȧ Ȋ ȒȈșșȍ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȒȘțȎȒȈ"
— ȅȚȖ țȎȍ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȓțȟȠȍ Ȗȉșț-
ȌȐȚȤ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ țȌȖȉȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȉȖȓȍȍ țȌȖȉȕȣȝ țș-
ȓȖȊȐȧȝ
ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȌȍȓ ȠȈȗȒț Ȑ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍȓ
ǽȖȘȚȐȒ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȊ ȏȈȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȋȖșȚȧ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ șȚȈȊ
ȗȍȘȍȌ DzȈȉȈȓȤșȒȐȔ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȘȈ-
Ȏȍȕ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍȌȠȍȑ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȖȑ ǭȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ, șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖ-
ȟȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȏȓȖȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȌȍȚșȒȐ ȕȍȏȓȖȉȐȊȣȔ Ȑ șȔȍȝ ȚȈȒȖȑ
ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȐȑ ȏȈȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȟȚȖ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȓ Ȑ ȘȈș-
șȔȍȧȓșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȧ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ
— ǿȍȋȖ ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ? — ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓ șțȘȖȊȖ DzȈȉȈȓȤșȒȐȑ
— DzȈȒȖȊ" ǵȍȚ ȒȈȒȖȊ ȋțșȤ" Ǩ ȋȈȓșȚțȒ-ȚȖ Ȉ ȉȘȦȒȐ Ȋ ȗȖ-
ȓȖșȒț ȚȘȖșȚȤ ș ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔ ȕȈȉȈȓȌȈȠȕȐȒȖȔ ȗȍȘȟȈȚȒȐ ǺȖȎȍ
ȔȈȝȈȍȊȍȞ
— ǬȍȓȖ ȧșȕȖȍ ǷȍȘȍȗȈȓȖ ȐȔ ȏȈȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȣȔ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȖȚ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȑ ȥȒșȗȘȖȗȘȐȈȞȐȐ Țȣșȧȟ ȗȧȚȤȌȍșȧȚ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȗȖȌ-
ȝȖȌȧȚ Ȓ ȒȖȕȞț ǵȍ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȘȈȏȢȍȏȎȈȚȤ ȗȖ ǭȊȘȖȗȈȔ ȒȖȒȖȚȖȒ
țȎȐȕȈȔȐ ȒȖȘȔȐȚȤ ǪȖȚ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȈȓȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȜȘȈȕȚȈ ǮȍȘȚȊțȑ-
Țȍ ȔȖȓ Ƞȍȍȑ Ȍȓȧ ȖȉȡȍȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ Ȉ ȌȍȕȍȎȒȐ ȕȈȔ Ȕȣ ȏȕȈȍȔ
ȒțȌȈ Ȑȝ ȗȘȐșȚȘȖȐȚȤ
dzȐȞȖ DzȈȉȈȓȤșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȒȘȈșȕȍȓȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓȐșȤ ȌȐȒȐȔ
ȖȋȕȍȔ ȋȕȍȊȈ ǹȎȈȓȐșȤ ȘțȒȐ Ȋ ȒțȓȈȒȐ Ȑ ȋȖȘȖȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ Ȕț-
șȒțȓȣ
— ǷȖȌȓȍȞ ǹ ȟȍȔ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ ș ȚȍȔ Ȑ țȍȌȍȚ
DzȈȉȈȓȤșȒȐȑ ȊȣȘțȋȈȓșȧ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȕȖȑ ȉȘȈȕȤȦ
— ǻșȗȖȒȖȑșȧ DzȖșȚȧ — ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ țȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓ ǽȖȘȚȐȒ. —
ǹȚȖȐȚ ȚȖȋȖ ǿȍȘȚ ș ȕȐȔ Ǻȣ ȊȍȌȤ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȠȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȌ-
ȌȈȌțȚșȧ ǰȝ ȒȘȈșȕȖȉȈȑșȚȊȖȔ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȤȔȍȠȤ
DzȈȉȈȓȤșȒȐȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȊȖȌȒț Ȑ ȗȖȕȍȔȕȖȋț țșȗȖ-
ȒȖȐȓșȧ ȝȖȚȧ șȐȌȍȓ ș ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȖ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ
ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȖșȍȕȐȓȖ: ȊȖȚ ȖȕȐ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȐ-
ȡȐ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȐȔ ȖȉȌțȔȈȕȖ; ȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ
ȔȍȟȚȍ Ȋ ȊȖșȗȈȓȍȕȕȖȔ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ șȐȌȧ ȏȈ ȒȘțȎȒȖȑ ȗȐȊȈ
Ȗȕ ȋȘȈȉȐȓ țȉȐȊȈȓ ȐșȒțșȕȖ șȔȣȊȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ
ǹ ȥȚȐȔȐ ȔȍȟȚȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȍȘȍȑȚȐ Ȋ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ. ǵȍ-
țȎȍȓȐ Ȗȕ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ șȚȘțșȐȓ"
ǪȖȓȕțȦȡȐȔ Ȑ ȉȖȌȘȧȡȐȔ ȝȖȓȖȌȖȔ ȗȘȖȠȓȈ ȌȘȖȎȤ ȗȖ șȗȐȕȍ

83
— ǺȈȒ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ǽȖȘȚȐȒ Ȋȣ ȉȣ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȥȒșȗȘȖȗȘȐȈ-
ȞȐȦ"
— ǵȖ ȥȒșȗȘȖȗȘȐȈȞȐȐ Ȋȣ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȍȚȍ"
— Ǩ ȊȈȔ ȥȚȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ Ȍȓȧ ȟȍȋȖ, șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ, ȕțȎȕȖ"
DzȈȉȈȓȤșȒȐȑ ȊȔȍȠȈȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ, ȝȖȚȍȓ ȕȈ
ȒȖȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȖȘȊȈȚȤ ȏȓȖȉț
— ǺȈȒ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȓȈȕ ȖȌȐȕ ȍșȚȤ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ
ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ
— ǺȈȒ ȟȍȋȖ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȔȧȔȓȐȚȍ" DzȖȓȐ ȍșȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ ȗȘȧ-
ȔȖ
— ǪȐȌȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȍȏȍȚ
ǮȐȏȕȤ șȖȊșȍȔ ȏȈȉȐȓȈ ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȕȖȟȓȍȎȒȈ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȖȚ ȋȖȓȖȌȈ
ȐȓȐ ȖȚ ȗȘȖșȚțȌȣ ǰȓȐ ȕȈȌȖ ȏȈȕȧȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ Ȕȍȓ-
ȒȐȔȐ ȖȉȔȈȕȈȔȐ ȠȈȕȚȈȎȖȔ ȊȏȧȚȒȐ ȉȘȈȚȤ ȇ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț
— ǩȍȓȖȘțȟȒȈ — ȘȧȊȒȕțȓ DzȈȉȈȓȤșȒȐȑ
— ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ǵȖ ȕȈ ȌȍȓȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȌȈȓȖ ȉȣ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ
ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ș ȘȐșȒȖȔ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ȧ ȉȣ ȗȖȠȍȓ
— dzȈȌȕȖ ǪȈȠȍ ȌȍȓȖ Ǩ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȍșȓȐ Ȋȣ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓȐ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ ȉȍȏ ȗȘȍȌȐșȓȖȊȐȑ ȌȈ ȗȖȔȍȕȤȠȍ Ȗ
șȍȉȍ ǵȍ ȘȈȏȎȈȓȖȉȐȚȍ ȕȍ ȊȈȔ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȎȐȊȍȚșȧ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȚȤ
Ȋ ȖȔțȚ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȓ Ȗ șȚȈȘȖȑ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȍ
Ǫșȍ ȚȘȖȍ ȏȈșȐȌȍȓȐșȤ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȏȈ ȗȖȓȕȖȟȤ ș șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȔȐ ȗȖ-
ȉȓȍȌȕȍȊȠȐȔȐ ȓȐȞȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ ȖȉșțȎȌȈȓȐ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȡȍȍ
ȖȗȈșȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȖȉșțȎȌȈȍȚ ȕȈȒȈȕțȕȍ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ șȖȊȍȚ ȗȓȈȕ
ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ
IV
ǯȊȖȕȐȚȤ Ȋ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘț șȚȈȘȖȑ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȐ ȊȣȗȈȓȖ ȕȈ ȌȖȓȦ Ǫȍ-
ȘȍȚȤȍȊȈ Ƕȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȌȈȚȤ ȗȈȒȍȚ Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȧȚȤ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ
DzȈȉȈȓȤșȒȐȑ Ȑ ǽȖȘȚȐȒ șȗȘȧȚȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȌȊȍȘȤȦ ǪȘȍȔȧ ȉȣȓȖ
ȊȣȉȘȈȕȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȍȍ ȅȚȖ ȌȈȊȈȓȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȖ Ƕȋ-
ȘȈȉȐȊȠȐ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘț ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȣȑȚȐ Ȑȏ ȊȖȘȖȚ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȏȈ-
ȗȍȘȚȣȝ ȕȈ ȕȖȟȤ ȌȊȖȘȕȐȒȖȔ
ǵȖ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȋȘȖȏȐȓȈ Ȑ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȈȧ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ȔȖȋ ȒȚȖ-

84
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȥȒșȗȘȖȗȘȐȈȚȖȘȖȊ
ǵȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȗȍȠȐȚȤ
ǹ ȏȈȔȐȘȈȦȡȐȔ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȊȣȗȐȚțȦ ȊȖȌȒț șȍȘȌȞȍȔ
ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ ȌȍȘȕțȓ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ ǴȐȕțȚȣ ȌȊȍ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȔțȟȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȐ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ țȎȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȖȏȊȖȕȐȚȤ ȊȚȖȘȐȟ-
ȕȖ Ȑ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȖȚ țȎȈșȈ
ǬȊȍȘȤ ȉȍșȠțȔȕȖ ȗȘȐȖȚȊȖȘȐȓȈșȤ ȊȍȘȠȒȈ ȕȈ ȌȊȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȡȍ-
ȓȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ șȚȈȘțȝȐ ș ȖșȚȘȣȔ ȋȖȘȉȈȚȣȔ ȕȖșȖȔ Ȑ
ȖȓȖȊȧȕȕȣȔȐ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ǩȍȏ ȒȈȗȖȘȈ ș șȍȌȣȔȐ ȘȈș-
ȚȘȍȗȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȍȡȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȍȍ
— ǿȚȖ ȕȈȌȖ" — ȗȘȖȝȘȐȗȍȓȈ ȖȕȈ
— ǷȐșȤȔȖ ȊȈȔ ǷȘȖșȧȚ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ
— ǶȚ ȒȖȋȖ"
— ǵȍ ȔȖȋț ȏȕȈȚȤ ȇ șȓțȎȈȡȐȑ Ȋ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȍ
— ǬȈȊȈȑ
ǪȣșțȕțȓȈșȤ ȘțȒȈ Ȑ ȊȣȘȊȈȓȈ ȗȈȒȍȚ ț ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊȈ
ǹȚȈȘțȝȈ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȚȤ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȕȖ DzȈȉȈȓȤșȒȐȑ ȏȖȘȒȖ
ȊȣȎȐȌȈȓ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ Ȑ ȏȈșțȕțȓ ȔȍȎȌț ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȕȖȋț Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ǽȖȘȚȐȒ șȖ Ȋșȍȑ șȐȓȖȑ ȖȚȌȍȘȕțȓ șȚȊȖȘȒț ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖ-
ȊȍȕȐȍ șȚȈȘțȝț ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓȖ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒț
— ȅȋȍȑ — ȋțȓȒȖ ȗȘȖȕȍșșȧ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȍȍ ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȑ ȌȐ-
ȒȐȑ ȊȖȗȓȤ
Ǫșȍ ȚȘȖȍ ȊȖȘȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘț ȚȖȓȒȈȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȦ ȋȘȈ-
ȜȐȕȦ, Ȑ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓȐ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ǽȖȘȚȐȒ ȝȓȈȌȕȖȒȘȖȊȕȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ ȒȓȦȟ
ǵȈȟȈȓȖ ȉȣȓȖ țȌȈȟȕȖ
ǹȚȈȘțȝț ȊȚȖȓȒȕțȓȐ Ȋ ȏȈȓ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȧȘȒȐȔ
ȓȈȔȗȈȌȕȣȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ ǶȕȈ ȏȈȒȘțȎȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ǰȏ
ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȖȋȖ ȘȚȈ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȓșȧ ȝȘȐȗȓȣȑ ȊȖȗȓȤ ©ȅȋȍȑª
Ȉ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȖȕȈ ȘȊȈȓȈ Ȑ ȚȘȍȗȈȓȈ șȍȌȣȍ ȓȖȝȔȣ
ǽȖȘȚȐȒ ȗȍȘȍȉȘȖșȐȓ DzȈȉȈȓȤșȒȖȔț ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȌȎțȚȖȊȣȑ Ȕȍ-
ȠȖȒǹȐȓȈȟ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȕȈ șȚȈȘțȝț ȕȈȒȐȕțȓ Ȑ ȔȐȋȖȔ ȕȈȚȧȕțȓ
ȌȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȈ
ǷȖȌ ȘȍȌȒȖȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȍȑ ȊȖȘȖȟȈȓȐșȤ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȖ ȘțȒȐ ȌȍȘ-
ȋȈȓȈșȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȚȖ ȖȉȘȐșȖȊȣȊȈȧșȤ ȠȈȘȖȔ ȚȖ șȒȘȣȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ Ȗȋ-
ȘȖȔȕȖȔ ȒȖȓȗȈȒȍ DzȈȉȈȓȤșȒȐȑ ȋȘțȉȖ ȚȖȓȒȕțȓ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȦ Ȑ ȖȕȈ
ȋȘȖȝȕțȓȈșȤ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȧ ȕȖȋȐ

85
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȑȏ ȔȍȠȒȈ ȚȖȘȟȈȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȗȖȌȖȠȊȣ ȘȈȏ-
ȕȖȠȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȈȓȍȕȖȒ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ șȚȘȈȠ-
ȕȖ DzȈȉȈȓȤșȒȐȑ ȕȈȚȧȕțȓ ȔȍȠȖȒ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȏȈȊȧȏȈȓ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȔ
țȏȓȖȔ
— ǫȖȚȖȊȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȌȣȠȈ Ȑ șȚȐȘȈȧ ȗȖȚ șȖ
ȓȉȈ. — ǵț ȉȈȘȐȕ Țȣ ȟȍȋȖ ȖșȖȊȍȓ" ǬȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐ Țȣ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ
Ȓ ȖȒȕț ȚȍȕȤ șȖ ȌȊȖȘȈ țȊȐȌȧȚ ǬȍȘȎȐșȤ ȏȈ șȊȍȚȖȔ ǴȈȚȊȍȑ
ȌȈȊȈȑ ȖȚȔȣȟȒȐ Ǩ Țȣ ȉȈȘȐȕ ȖșȔȖȚȘȐ-ȒȈ ȔȍȠȖȒ
Ǫ ȘȐȌȐȒȦȓȍ șȚȈȘțȝȐ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȒȖȠȍȓȍȒ
— ǴȕȖȋȖ"
— Ǹțȉȓȍȑ ȠȍșȚȤȌȍșȧȚ
— ǷȘȧȟȤ
ǸȖȓȐ ȘȈșȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȓȐșȤ DzȈȉȈȓȤșȒȐȑ Ȑ ǽȖȘȚȐȒ ȊȏȓȈȔȣȊȈ-
ȓȐ ȏȈȔȒȐ Ȉ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ ȗȍȘȍșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ șȖȌȍȘȎȐȔȖȍ ȧȡȐȒȖȊ
—ȅȑ ȉȈȘȐȕ Țȣ ȚȈȒ ȋȖȌ ȗȘȖȊȖȏȐȠȤșȧ ȕȈȌ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȧȡȐ-
ȒȖȔ ǵȍ ȊȏȌțȔȈȍȠȤ ȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȒȈȎȌțȦ ȉțȔȈȎȖȕȒț" Ȁȍ-

86
ȊȍȓȐșȤ șȒȖȘȍȑ
ǩțȔȈȋȐ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȣ ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȒȈȘȚȖȟȒȐ ȓȍȚȍȓȐ
ȕȈ ȗȖȓ
ǶȚ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȚȖȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȠȓȐ Ȓ ȠȒȈȜț ǰ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊț
ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȊȖȏȐȚȤșȧ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȘțȝȓȧȌȐ ȗȍȘȍȚȘȧȝȐȊȈȚȤ ȉȍ-
ȓȤȍ ȘȈșȗȖȘȖȚțȦ Ƞțȉț ȠȍȓȒȖȊȣȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȧ
— ǶȡțȗȣȊȈȑ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȈȘȐȕ ǹȚȈȘțȝȐ ȓȦȉȧȚ ȏȈȠȐ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȋ ȚȘȧȗȒȐ
Ƕȋȕȧ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȎȐȋȈȓȐ ȗȖȓȤȏțȧșȤ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔȐ ȥȓȍȒ-
ȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȜȖȕȈȘȧȔȐ ȌȈȦȡȐȔȐ șȊȍȚ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȘȐ ȕȈȎȐȔȍ
ȕȈ ȒȕȖȗȒț
Ǫ șȚȖȓȍ Ȑ ȠȒȈȜț ȕȈȠȓȐ ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȖȚ Șțȉȓȍȑ ȕȍ
ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȒȈȒ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȕȈ ȌȊȍ ǷȘȐȕȧȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȖȘȍȝȖȊțȦ ȘȍȏȕțȦ
ȠȐȜȖȕȤȍȘȒț
DzȈȉȈȓȤșȒȐȑ ȊȣȘțȋȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȔȈȝȕțȓ ȘțȒȖȑ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȕȈ
ȍȋȖ șȗȖȘȚșȔȍȕșȒțȦ ȠȈȗȖȟȒț ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȊȖȘȖȕ Ȑ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȉȐȘȈȓ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȔȈȝȈȧ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȉȖȧșȤ țșȍșȚȤșȧ
ȒȈȒ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ǷȘȖȋȕȈȕȕȣȑ Ȗȕ ȊȏȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȗȖȚȖȓȒț șȌȍȓȈȓ ȌȊȈ-
ȚȘȐ ȒȘțȋȈ Ȑ țșȍȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȠȒȈȜ ȖȋȓȈșȐȓ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȚȘȍȊȖȎ-
ȕȣȔ ȏȈțȕȣȊȕȣȔ ȒȘȐȒȖȔ
— DzȘȘȘȈ DzȘȘȘȈ
ȅȒșȗȘȖȗȘȐȈȚȖȘȣ ȖȋȓȧȕțȓȐșȤ ǷȖ ȊșȍȔ șȚȍȕȈȔ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȓ
ȗȖȚȖȓȒț ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȐȉȐȚȣ ȗȖȓȖȟȒȐ Ȑ șțȒȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ ǶȚȚțȌȈ
șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȊȕȐȏ ȌȍșȧȚȒȐ ȒȘțȋȓȣȝ ȗȚȐȟȤȐȝ ȋȓȈȏ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȝ
Ȑ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȣȝ ǻȎȍ ȒȖȍ-ȋȌȍ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȈȓȐ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ ȕȈȟȈȓȐșȤ
ȗȍȘȍȓȍȚȣ Ȁȍȓ ȕȍșȔȖȓȒȈȍȔȣȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȣȑ ȋȖȔȖȕ ȡȍȉȍȚȈ-
ȓȐ ȗȐȡȈȓȐ ȗȖșȊȐșȚȣȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȒȘȖȠȍȟȕȣȍ șȊȐȘȍȓȐ
ǷȖȓȍȚ ȊȖȘȖȕȈ ȌȈȓ șȐȋȕȈȓ Ȓ Ȗȉȡȍȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȍ ǷȚȐȞȣ șȕȧ-
ȓȐșȤ ș ȔȍșȚ ȏȈȓȍȚȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ǰȕȣȍ ȖȗțșȒȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖ-
Ȋȣ Ȑ ȗȓȍȟȐ ȥȒșȗȘȖȗȘȐȈȚȖȘȖȊ Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȋ țȎȈșȍ ȓȍȚȍȓȐ ȒȈȔ-
ȕȍȔ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ǹȐȕȐȞȣ ȟȐȎȐ Ȑ ȡȍȋȓȣ ȉȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȒȖȕȕȖȍ
șȚȍȒȓȖ ȋȘțȌȤȦ Ȑ ȚȦȒȈȓȐ ȕȖșȈȔȐ ǵȍ țȌȍȘȎȈȊȠȐșȤ ȖȕȐ șȖ-
șȒȈȓȤȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȗȖ șȚȍȒȓț ȕȈ ȗȖȌȖȒȖȕȕȐȒ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ ȊȕȖȊȤ
ȕȈȓȍȚȈȧ ș ȔȈȝț ȕȈ ȖȒȕȖ Ȑ ȘȈșȠȐȉȈȧșȤ ȗȖȒȈ, ȖȉȍșșȐȓȍȕȕȣȍ,
ȕȍ șȈȌȐȓȐșȤ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ș ȗȖȊȐșȠȐȔȐ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ ȗȘȣȋȈȦ-
ȡȐȔȐ ȖȚ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȋȘțȌȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȒȓȦȊȈȔȐ
ǻ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȑȏ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȣȝ ȕȖșȐȒȖȊ șȉȍȋȈȓȐ Ȉȓȣȍ ȒȈȗȓȐ
ȒȘȖȊȐ

87
ǾȍȓȈȧ șȚȈȧ ȟȍȟȍȚȖȒ ȕȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȓȈȔȗȈȌȣ ȘȈșȒȈȟȈ-
ȓȈ ȍȍ ȕȈ Ȟȍȗȧȝ Ȑ ȗȖ șȚȍȕȈȔ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏ-
ȕȣȍ ȚȍȕȐ
ǮȍȓȚȣȍ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȒȓȍșȚȣ șȘȣȊȈȓȐ ȏȓȖȉț ȕȈ șțȟȤȧȝ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȍȐșȚȖȊȖ ȌȘȈȓȐ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȔȐ ȕȖșȈȔȐ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȔȍȓȒȐȍ
ȒțșȒȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȓȍȚȍȓȐ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ
ǺȘȐ șȖȑȒȐ ȒȘțȎȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈȌ ȥȒșȗȘȖȗȘȐȈȚȖȘȈȔȐ Ȑ ȏȈȉȘȈșȣ-
ȊȈȓȐ Ȑȝ ȕȍȟȐșȚȖȚȈȔȐ
Ǫ ȠȐȜȖȕȤȍȘȒȍ ȕȈȠȓȐ șȚȖȓȖȊȖȍ șȍȘȍȉȘȖ
— ǵȈȌȖ ȉȘȈȚȤ — ȘȍȠȐȓ DzȈȉȈȓȤșȒȐȑ. — ǭȡȍ ȕȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ,
ȕȈȑȌȍȔ ȓȐ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ
ǯȈȓ ȉȣȓ șȚȈȘȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȕ ǩȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȖșȤ
ǷȍȘȍȠȓȐ Ȋ șȗȈȓȤȕȦ ǷȍȘȍȘȣȓȐ ȊșȦ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ ǸȈșȗȖȘȖ-
ȓȐ ȗȍȘȐȕț Ȑ ȗȖȌțȠȒȐ ȕȈȗțșȚȐȊ ȚțȟȐ ȗțȝȈ Ȑ ȗȍȘȈ
ǰ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ.
— ǻȑȌȍȔ șȒȖȘȍȍ Ȉ ȚȖ ȗțȝ ȕȈșȧȌȍȚ ȕȈ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ
ǸȧȌȖȔ ș Ȓțȝȕȍȑ ȉȣȓȈ ȍȡȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈ DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȚ-
ȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȍȍ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȌȐȒȐȑ ȝȘȐȗȓȣȑ ȊȖȗȓȤ
— ȅȋȍȑ
Ǫșȍ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȐ
—ǬțȘȈȒȐ — ȖȗȖȔȕȐȓșȧ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ǽȖȘȚȐȒ. — ȅȚȖ ȗȖȗțȋȈȑ
DzȖȔȕȈȚȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗțșȚȈȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȍ ȊȐșȍȓ ȕȍ-
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȠȒȈȜȟȐȒ ș ȒȈȘȚȐȕȒȈȔȐ ȘȐșȖȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȈ ȜȈȘȜȖ-
Șȍ Ȑ ȊșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ Ȋ șȚȊȖȘȒȐ ȌȊȍȘȖȒ
DzȈȉȈȓȤșȒȐȑ ȏȈȗțșȚȐȓ ȖȚȔȣȟȒț Ȋ ȏȈȔȖȒ
— ȅȋȍȑ — ȏȈȊȖȗȐȓ ȗȖȗțȋȈȑ Ȑ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȊșȒȘȐȒ-
ȕțȓ
— ǿȚȖ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ ȉȈȘȐȕ"
ǻ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊȈ ȗȈȓȍȞ ȉȣȓ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȗȘȖȒțȠȍȕ Ȑ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȓȐȓȈ
ȘțȟȤȍȔ
— ǷȍȘȍȊȧȎȐ ȗȖȚțȎȍ ȗȓȈȚȒȖȔ ȅȒȈ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȈȧ ȗȚȐȞȈ
ǷȖȗțȋȈȑ țȒțșȐȓ DzȈȉȈȓȤșȒȖȋȖ ȏȈ țȝȖ ǺȖȚ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ șȍȉȧ
ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȑȔȈȓ ȗȚȐȞț ȏȈ ȝȊȖșȚ
— ȅȋȍȑ ȅȋȍȑ
ǸȈȏȔȈȝȕțȊȠȐșȤ DzȈȉȈȓȤșȒȐȑ ȘȈȏȉȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȗȖȗțȋȈȧ Ȗ șȚȍ-
ȕț Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȚȘțȗ Ȋ țȋȖȓ
Ǫ ȠȒȈȜȟȐȒȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ș ȌȦȎȐȕț ȒȖȘȖȉȖȒ ȘȈȏȕȖȑ ȊȍȓȐ-

88
ȟȐȕȣ ǸȈșȒȘȣȓȐ ǷȘȐ șȊȍȚȍ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȜȖȕȈȘȐȒȖȊ ȏȈ-
ȐȋȘȈȓȐ ȖșȓȍȗȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȣ ȏȈȟȍȘȊȖȕȐȓȐ ȘțȉȐȕȣ ȏȍ-
ȓȍȕȣȔ ȉȓȍșȒȖȔ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓȐșȤ ȐȏțȔȘțȌȣ
— ǸȈȏȉȐȘȈȑ ȗȖ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈȔ — șȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ DzȈȉȈȓȤșȒȐȑ
ǻ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊȈ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȕȣȓȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȕȍȌȖȉȘȣȔ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚ-
ȊȐȍȔ
— ǻȑȌȍȔ ȚțȚ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖșȚȍȑ ȕȈ ȌȍșȧȚȒȐ Țȣșȧȟ
— Ǩ Țț ȏȈȗȍȘȚțȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ
— ǹȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȐȌȐȔ ǴȖȋțȚ ȗȘȐȑȚȐ
— ȅ ȊȏȌȖȘ DzȚȖ Ȓ șȚȈȘțȝȍ ȝȖȌȐȚ
Ǫ ȗȘȐȝȖȎȍȑ ȏȊȧȒȕțȓ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ
Ǫșȍ ȚȘȖȍ ȏȈȒȈȔȍȕȍȓȐ
— ǰȌȐ ȉȈȘȐȕ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȧȔ — ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ DzȈȉȈȓȤ-
șȒȐȑ — Ǻȣ Ȋ ȋȈȓȖȠȈȝ Ȑ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȠȤ ȕȍșȓȣȠȕȖ ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑ
ǸȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȕȍ ȖȚȗȐȘȈȑ ȕȐ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ǴȈȚȊȍȑ ȋȖȚȖȊȤ
ȉȘȈțȕȐȕȋ
ǻ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊȈ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȉȐȓȖșȤ ȌȖ ȉȖȓȐ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ șȍȑȟȈș
ȘȈȏȖȘȊȍȚșȧ ǯȈȌȣȝȈȧșȤ ȗȘȐȓȤȕțȓ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ
ȇșȕȖ șȓȣȠȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȍ
— ȅȒȈ ȊȍȌȤȔȈ ȗȘȖșȚȐ ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ dzȐȉȖ țȠȓȈ ȓȐȉȖ ȌȘȣȝ-
ȕȍȚ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȗțȠȒȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȠȤ ǪȖȚ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȚȈȒ ǯȈȊȈ-
ȓȐȚșȧ ȌȕȍȔ șȗȈȚȤ ȌȖ ȗȖȓțȕȖȟȐ Ǩ ȚȈȔ Ȑ ȗȖȠȓȈ ȒȖȓȖȉȘȖȌȐȚȤ
ȌȖ ȉȍȓȈ șȊȍȚȈ ǹȖșȍȌȍȑ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤ
— DzȈȒ Ȏȍ ȉȣȚȤ"
— ǷȖșȚȖȑ ǭȡȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȕȦ
ǯȊȖȕȖȒ ȏȈȗȘȣȋȈȓ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊȈ ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȏȈȚȖȟȐ-
ȓȖ Ȋ ȋȖȘȓȍ ǽȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȖȚȒȈȠȓȧȚȤșȧ Ƕȕ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȓ șȚȘȈȠ-
ȕȣȍ țșȐȓȐȧ ȊȖȓȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍșȚȐ ȏȊțȒȈ Ȑ ȋȓȖȚȈȓ ȌȈ-
ȊȧșȤ șȓȦȕț
ǯȈ ȌȊȍȘȤȦ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ
— Ǫ ȡȍȓȖȟȒț ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȚȤ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈȗȍȘȚȖ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȑȏ-
ȕțȚȘȐ ǬȈ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ — ȕȍ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȠȤ Ǵȣ ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȍȔ
ǷȖȑȌȍȔ Ȋ ȒȖȕȚȖȘț ȧ ȗȖȊȍșȚȒț ȗȘȐȔț ȘȈșȗȐȠțșȤ Ȉ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ
țȚȘȖȔ ȍȑ ȊȘțȟț
—dzȈȌȕȖ ǯȈȒȖȕȖȔ ȌȖȏȊȖȓȧȍȚșȧ
ǯȈșȚțȟȈȓȐ șȈȗȖȋȐ ȗȖ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȍ Ȑ ȏȊțȒ ȠȈȋȖȊ șȚȈȓ ȗȖșȚȍ-
ȗȍȕȕȖ țȌȈȓȧȚȤșȧ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȒȈȠȓȧȧ Ȑ ȖȚ-
ȗȓȍȊȣȊȈȧșȤ

89
— ǪȖȚ Ȑ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ — ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ DzȈȉȈȓȤșȒȐȑ țșȓȣȝȈȊ
ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȌȊȖȘȕȐȒȈ ș șțȌȍȉȕȣȔ ȘȈșșȣȓȤȕȣȔ. — ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȕȣ
ȋȈȘȈȕȚȐȘȖȊȈȕȣ ȖȚ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȑ
— Ǩ ȕȍ ȓțȟȠȍ ȓȐ țȑȚȐ"
— ǬțȘȈȒ Țȣ ȉȈȘȐȕ ȌȈ Ȓ ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ ȚȘțș ǹȈȔ Ȏȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
ȝȘȈȕȐȚ Ȋ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ șȖȚȕȐ Țȣșȧȟ ǫȌȍ ȖȕȐ" ǬȍȓȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȚȈȒ
ȌȍȓȈȚȤ dzțȟȠȍ ȉȣ ș ȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȒȖȓȐ ț Țȍȉȧ ȌțȠȈ
ȏȈȧȟȤȧ
ǶșȔȖȚȘ ȒțȝȕȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȝȖȎȍȑ ȕȍ ȌȈȓ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
ǶșȚȈȊȈȓȈșȤ ȖȌȕȈ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈ ș ȌȊȍȘȤȦ, ȊȣȝȖȌȧȡȍȑ Ȓ ȏȈȓț Ȑ
ȏȈȗȍȘȚȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȏȈȌȊȐȎȒȖȑ
ǻșȗȖȒȖȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȚȐȞȣ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ ȒȘȐȒ Ȑ ȏȈ-
ȓȍȚȈȓȐ
DzȈȉȈȓȤșȒȐȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȌȍȘȕțȓ ȏȈȌȊȐȎȒț ȘȈșȗȈȝ-
ȕțȓ Ǫ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȎțȚȒȖ ȏȐȧȓ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ-
țȋȖȓȤȕȐȒ
— ǩȍȓȖȍ ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȕȍ șȊȖȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ Ǫȍ-
ȘȍȚȤȍȊ
ǵȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ ȜȖȕȍ ȏȈȔȈȝȈȓȐ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ
DzȈȉȈȓȤșȒȐȑ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȖȚșȚțȗȐȓ Ȑ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȍȋȖ
ȟȐșȚȖ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȑ ȊȖȗȓȤ
ǶȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȉȍȓȈȧ șȖȊȈ ȊȞȍȗȐȓȈșȤ ȖșȚȘȣȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȒȘȐȊȣȍ
ȒȐȕȎȈȓȣ, ȒȖȋȚȧȔȐ ȍȔț Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ
ǺȡȍȚȕȖ Ȗȕ ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȖȚȉȐȚȤșȧ ǹȖȊȈ ȌȘȈȓȈ ȡȍȒȐ ȋțȉȣ
ȋȓȈȏȈ ǨȌșȒȈȧ ȉȖȓȤ ȗȈȘȈȓȐȏȖȊȈȓȈ ȊșȧȒȖȍ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȍȕȐȍ
DzȈȉȈȓȤșȒȐȑ Șțȝȕțȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȒȊȍȘȝț ǹȖȊȈ șȖ ȏȓȖȉȕȣȔ
ȒȘȐȒȖȔ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȚȍȘȏȈȚȤ
ǽȖȘȚȐȒ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ȕȖ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȖșȚ-
Șȣȍ ȒȖȋȚȐ ȊȗȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȚȣȓȖȒ, Ȑ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ ȓȍȟȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ
șȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȓȐȞȖ
Ǫșȍȝ șȖȊ ȊȣȓȍȚȍȓȖ ȗȧȚȤ ǷȖ ȌȊȍ ȘȈșșȍȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȓȍȎȈȡȐȝ
DzȈȉȈȓȤșȒȖȔ Ȑ ǽȖȘȚȐȒȍ ȌȘȈȓȐ Ȑȝ ȒȖȋȚȧȔȐ ȒȓȍȊȈȓȐ ȖșȚȘȣ-
ȔȐ ȏȈȋȕțȚȣȔȐ ȒȓȦȊȈȔȐ
ǷȧȚȈȧ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȈșȤ ȖȝȖȚȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊȈ Ȑ ȒȘțȎȐȓȈșȤ
ȕȈȌ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
Ƕȕ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȚȤ Ȋ ȗȘȐȝȖȎțȦ Ȑ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒț ȕȖ șȖȊȈ
ȌȖȋȈȌȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗțșȒȈȓȈ ȊȣȑȚȐ Ȑȏ ȏȈȓȈ
ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ ȔȍȚȈȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȑ ǪȐȌ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ ȉȣȓ

91
țȎȈșȍȕ
ǹȖȊȈ șȐȌȧȡȈȧ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ DzȈȉȈȓȤșȒȖȋȖ ȖȚȘȣȊȈȓȈ ȒțșȒȐ Țȍ-
ȓȈ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ ȒȘțȋȓțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȋȓȖȚȈȓȈ ȚȍȗȓȖȍ ȎȐȊȖȍ ȔȧșȖ
ȗȈȟȒȈȧ ȉȍȓȖșȕȍȎȕȣȍ ȗȍȘȤȧ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ
ǬȘțȋȈȧ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȈȧ ȗȚȐȞȈ ȘȊȈȓȈ ȍȔț ȎȐȊȖȚ
ǬȊȍ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȕȈ ǽȖȘȚȐȒȍ ȚȍȘȏȈȧ șȗȐȕț Ȑ ȕȖȋȐ
ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ ȐȏȕȍȔȖȋȈȓ Ȋ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ ș șȖȊȖȑ ǫȖȓȖȌȕȈȧ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȕ-
ȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ ȏȈȊȐȌțȧ ȌȘțȋȐȔ Ȑ ȈȚȈȒȈ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȈ ȏȈ ȈȚȈ-
ȒȖȑǪ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȕȕȖșȚȐ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ ȏȈȉȣȓ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ
ȌȈȓȐ ȍȔț ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ, Ȑ ȖȚȔȈȝȐȊȈȓșȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȗȈȓȒȖȑ
ǹȖȊȈ ȌȍȓȈȓȈșȤ Ȋșȍ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȍȍ Ȑ șȔȍȓȍȍ ǸȈȏȈ ȌȊȈ ȖȕȈ
ȘȊȈȕțȓȈ ȗȓȍȟȖ Ȑ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȖȉȖȎȋȓȖ ȘȈșȒȈȓȍȕȕȣȔ Ȏȍ-
ȓȍȏȖȔ
Ƕȕ ȏȈȔȍȚȈȓșȧ ș țȎȈșȖȔ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȟȚȖ șȍȑȟȈș ȐȏȕȍȔȖȎȍȚ
Ȑ țȗȈȌȍȚ
Ǫ ȗȖȘȣȊȍ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȧ ȏȈȉȣȊ ȖȉȖ ȊșȍȔ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ
Ȓ ȖȒȕț ȘȈȏȉȐȓ ȌȊȖȑȕȣȍ șȚȍȒȓȈ Ȑ Ȋȣșțȕțȓșȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȌȖ ȗȖȧșȈ
ȕȈ ȔȖȘȖȏȕȣȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ
Ǫ Țț Ȏȍ ȔȐȕțȚț ȖșȚȘȣȍ ȒȖȋȚȐ șȖȊȣ ȊȗȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȖ
—ǷȖȔȖȋȐȚȍ ǷȖȔȖȋȐȚȍ
ǶȚȟȈȧȕȕȣȑ ȒȘȐȒ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔț ȌȊȖȘț ǰȏ ȊȖȘȖȚ
ȊȣȠȓȈ ȋȖȘȕȐȟȕȈȧ ș ȗȖȒțȗȒȈȔȐ țȊȐȌȈȓȈ Ȋ ȖȒȕȍ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊȈ Ȑ
ȖȗȘȖȔȍȚȤȦ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȓ ȌȊȖȘȕȐȒț
ǹȒȖȘȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ȉȍȋțȡȐȝ ȌȊȖȘȕȐȒȖȊ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ,
ȗȘȐȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȧ ȠȈȠȒț șȗȍȠȐȓ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȊȖȑ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȋȘȖȝȖȚ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȕȖ ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊ ȍȋȖ
ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ ȌȖ ȝȘȐȗȖȚȣ
—ǷȖȔȖȋȐȚȍ
ǷȖȌȖșȗȍȓȈ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȧ ǬȊȍȘȤ ȊȣȓȖȔȈȓȐ Ǫ țȎȈșȍ ȖșȚȈȕȖ-
ȊȐȓȐșȤ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȊȣȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ ȏȈȓȈ ǶȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȗȚȐȞȣ
ȚȍȘȏȈȓȐ ȎȐȊȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ǶȒȖȓȖȚȖȟȕȣȑ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȔȍȠȖȒ Ȑ Ȋȍȓȍȓ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȈȚȤ
Dz țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȦ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓȈ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȊșȚȈȓȈ
șȈȔȈ ȉȍȏ ȟțȎȖȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȊȖ
ȊȍșȤ ȘȖșȚ
—ȅȋȍȑ — ȏȈȊȖȗȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȈ șȖȊ
ǷȚȐȞȣ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȈȓȐșȤ

—DzȠ ȒȠ — ȏȈȔȈȝȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȘțȒȈȔȐ șȚȈȘțȝȈ
ǹȖȊȣ ȗȖșȓțȠȕȖ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ șȊȖȐ ȎȍȘȚȊȣ ȊȏȓȍȚȍȓȐ Ȑ ȖȌȕȈ
ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȒȘȣȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ǹȚȈȘțȝȈ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ
Ȑ ȏȈȗȍȘȓȈ
ǪȍȘȍȚȤȍȊȈ ȍȌȊȈ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓȐ Ȑȏ ȖȒȕȈ dzȐȞȖ Ȑ ȘțȒȐ ȍȋȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȐȏȘȍȏȈȕȣ șȚȍȒȓȈȔȐ
DzȈȉȈȓȤșȒȐȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ Ǫșȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȓȧȓȖ ȖȉȘȣȊȒȐ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȋȖ ȔȧșȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊȣȘȊȈȕȣ ȐȏȘȈȕȍȕ
Ȑ ȎȐȊȖȚ
ǽȖȘȚȐȒ ȗȖșȚȘȈȌȈȓ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ǹȖȊȣ ȐșȚȍȘȏȈȓȐ ȍȔț șȗȐȕț

93
ǰǮǺǽǶǾ
I
ȇ ȏȕȈȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȘȍȚȤȦ Ȏȍȕț ǩȖȒȓȍȊșȒȖȋȖ
Ƕ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȌȊțȝ ȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈ ȍșȓȐ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ
ȋȕțșȕțȦ ȉȍșșȚȣȌȕțȦ șȗȓȍȚȕȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȊȤȍȚșȧ ȓȐȗȕȍȚ Ȕț-
ȚȐȚ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȟȐșȚȣȝ Ȑ șȓțȎȐȚ ȕȍȖȉȝȖ-
ȌȐȔȖȑ ȌțȝȖȊȕȖȑ ȗȐȡȍȑ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȝ
ǫȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȑ șȒȊȍȘȕȖ Ȗ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȥȚȐȝ ȌȊțȝ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕ
— ǹȐȕȧȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ
ǼȈȒȚ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȓȐȞȖ ǩȖȒȓȍȊșȒȐȑ ȎȍȕȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȔȖ-
ȓȖȌȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȍ Ȑȏ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȑ ȌȊȖȘȧȕșȒȖȑ șȍȔȤȐ ȗȘȐ-
ȠȍȌȠȍȑ Ȋ țȗȈȌȖȒ ȅȚȖ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȊȈȎȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȐșȒȓȦȟȈȓȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȚȖ Ȗȉȣȟ-
ȕȖȍ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȍȌȍȚ ȏȓȖȑ țȔ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȉȘȈȒ Ȓ ȒȖ-
ȠȍȓȤȒț ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ
ǹȈȔ ǩȖȒȓȍȊșȒȐȑ ȐȔȍȓ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȍ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȔȖȋ ȎȐȚȤ ȕȍ
ȕțȎȌȈȧșȤ ȕȐ Ȋ șȓțȎȉȍ ȕȐ Ȋ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȒȍ
ǷȘȖȎȐȓ Ȗȕ ș ȗȍȘȊȖȦ ȎȍȕȖȦ ǵȐȕȖȑ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȖȓȚȖȘȈ ȋȖ-
ȌȈ ǬȖ șȊȈȌȤȉȣ Ȑ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȔȍșȧȞȣ ȉȘȈȒȈ ȖȕȈ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓȈșȤ ȞȊȍ-
ȚțȡȐȔ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍȔ ȕȐ ȘȈȏț ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȓȈ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ,
ȥȚȖȔț ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȔț ȎȍȕșȒȖȔț Țȍȓț șțȎȌȍȕȖ ȌȖȓȋȖȓȍȚȐȍ
ǵȖ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȉȓȍȌȕȍȚȤ ȝțȌȍȚȤ,
Ȋșȍ ȟȈȡȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȊȘȈȟȈȔ Ȑ țȔȍȘȓȈ ȖȚ ȔȈȓȖȒȘȖȊȐȧ Ȑ
ȗȖȓȕȖȋȖ țȗȈȌȒȈ șȐȓ
ǯȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ țȏȕȈȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȓȍȎȈȡȍȔ Ȋ ȋȘȖȉț șȒȍ-
ȓȍȚȍ ȖȉȚȧȕțȚȖȔ ȒȖȎȍȑ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ șȚȖȓȤ ȎȐȏȕȍȘȈȌȖșȚȕțȦ
ǵȐȕț
ǪȚȖȘȈȧ ȎȍȕȈ ǪȍȘȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉțȒȊȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓȈ ȗȍȟȈȓȤ-
ȕțȦ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ
ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȕȈ ȊȚȖȘȖȔ ȋȖȌț ȉȘȈȒȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȈ ȖȚ Țȍȝ Ȏȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȟȐȕ ȔȈȓȖȒȘȖȊȐȍ Ȑ țȗȈȌȖȒ șȐȓ
ǪȘȈȟȐ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ Ȋ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ ȥȚȐȝ ȌȊțȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȚȈȒ ȉȍȏ-

94
ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȋȐȉȠȐȝ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȖȉȢȧșȕȐȔȖȋȖ
— ǷȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ șȓțȟȈȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȍ ȌȍȊțȠ-
ȒȐ ȗȍȘȍȑȌȧ Ȓ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȏȈȔțȎȕȍȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȋȐȉȕțȚ ȖȚ ȔȈȘȈȏ-
ȔȈ ȏȈȘȍȋȐșȚȘȐȘȖȊȈȕȣ Ȋ ȓȍȚȖȗȐșȧȝ ȔȍȌȐȞȐȕȣ
— DzȈȒȈȧ Ȏȍ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȈ ȥȚȐȝ șȓțȟȈȍȊ" — șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȐ ȊȘȈ-
ȟȍȑ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ ǩȖȒȓȍȊșȒȖȋȖ
— ǩȘȈȒ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȘȖȒȖȊȣȔ ȔȖ-
ȔȍȕȚȖȔ ȗȖȚȘȧșȈȦȡȐȔ ȊȍșȤ ȍȍ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔ ǵȈ ȖȌȕȐȝ ȥȚȖ ȖȚȘȈ-
ȎȈȍȚșȧ șȓȈȉȖ Ȑ ȓȐȠȤ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ țȚȘȈȚȖȑ șȐȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȉȣ-
șȚȘȖ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȓțȟȈȦȚ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȑ ȘȈș-
ȞȊȍȚ ȏȈȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȧ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ — ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ
Ǭȓȧ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȕȈȚțȘ ȗȖȚȘȧșȍȕȐȍ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ șȐȓȤ-
ȕȣȔ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȋȐȉȕȍȚ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ǵȈȉȓȦ-
ȌȈȓȐșȤ șȓțȟȈȐ Ȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȣȍ ǴȈȓȖȒȘȖȊ-
ȕȣȍ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ șȚȘȈȌȈȦȡȐȍ ȚȖȑ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȉȖȓȍȏ-
ȕȤȦ, ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ©ȝȓȖȘȖȏȐșȖȔª ȊșȚțȗȐȊ Ȋ
ȉȘȈȒ ȐȏȓȍȟȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȋȖȌ-ȌȘțȋȖȑ Ȑȝ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ
țȏȕȈȚȤ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȘȈȏȕȐȞȈ ȔȍȎȌț ȝțȌȖșȖȟȕȖȑ Ȍȍ-
ȊțȠȒȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȖȑ ȎȍȕȖȑ Ȑ
ȔȈȚȍȘȤȦ ȅȚȖ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȍȚ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȑ șȖȊȍȚ șȚȈȘȐȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȊȘȈȟȍȑ ȗȘȐ ȔȈȓȖȒȘȖȊȐȐ ȌȍȊȐȞ ©ǭȑ ȗȖȘȈ ȉȣ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚȤ
ȏȈȔțȎª
— ǵȍ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ Ȋȣ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȌȊțȝ
Ȏȍȕ ǩȖȒȓȍȊșȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȉȣȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȤ" ǿȈȝȖȚȒȈ ȕȈȗȘȐ-
ȔȍȘ"
— Ǫȣ ȘȈșșțȎȌȈȍȚȍ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȊȍȎȌȈ ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ
ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȖȑ ȌȐȈȋȕȖȏȈ ȊȘȈȟ ȕȍ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ șȖȚȕȐ Țȣ-
șȧȟȐ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȑ ȕȍ șȚȘȖȐȚ ȋȐȗȖȚȍȏ? ǵȖ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȧ ȏȌȍșȤ
ȕȐ ȗȘȐ ȟȍȔ ǵțȎȕȣ ȜȈȒȚȣ Ȑ ȜȈȒȚȣ ȚȖȟȕȣȍ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ
ȔȐȒȘȖșȒȖȗȐȟȍșȒȐȑ Ȑ ȝȐȔȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȈȕȈȓȐȏ ȇ ȓȍȟȐȓ ȖȉȍȐȝ
Ȏȍȕ ǩȖȒȓȍȊșȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ șȖȏȣȊȈȓșȧ ȒȖȕșȐȓȐțȔ ǪȣȗȐșȣȊȈ-
ȓȐ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖșȚȍȑ ǹȈȔ ȔțȎ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȈȓșȧ ȊșȍșȚȖȘȖȕȕȍȔț Ȑș-
șȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȦ ǷȖȊȍȘȤȚȍ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȌȍȓȈȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȍ Ȋ ȌȈȕȕȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȍȕȣ ǵȐ ȚțȉȍȘȒț-
ȓȍȏȈ ȕȐ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȝȘȖȕȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȐșȚȖȡȈȦȡȍȑ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ ȕȍ ȖȉȕȈ-
ȘțȎȍȕȖ.
ǺȈȒ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȈțȒȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȢȧșȕȐȓȐ ȘȖȒȖȊȖȑ ȚȈȑȕȣ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘțȦ ȐșȒȈȓȐ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȐȍ

95
ǹȗȓȍȚȕȧ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȊȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ șȚȈȓȖ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ ȗȖȠȓțȦ ȋȘȧȏȕțȦ ȗȘȐȟȐȕț ǹȚȈȓȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ
ǩȖȒȓȍȊșȒȐȑ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓșȧ șȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȎȍȕȈȔȐ Ȑ
ȒȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ©ȏȈȋȕȈȓ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȋȘȖȉª
ǷȘȐȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȏȊȍȘșȚȊȈ ȔțȎȈ
ȕȍ șȚȍșȕȧȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȉȐȚȤ ȕȍȎȕȣȝ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȝ Ȏȍȕ
II
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȕȕȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓșȧ ș
ǩȖȒȓȍȊșȒȐȔ ȕȖ ȧ ȗȘȐȊȣȒ ȕȍ ȊșȍȔț ȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ șȟȐȚȈȍȚșȧ ȏȈ
ȖȉȡȍȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȕțȦ ȐșȚȐȕț
ǰ șȚȈȓ ȗȘȐșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȗȘȖșȓȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȔț ©ǹȐ-
ȕȍȑ ǩȖȘȖȌȖȑª
ǩȖȒȓȍȊșȒȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȣșȖȒȖȋȖ ȘȖșȚȈ șțȝȖȡȈȊȣȑ ȉȓȖȕ-
ȌȐȕ ȓȍȚ  ȕȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȐȓȐ ȗșȐ-
ȝȖȗȈȚȈ ǵȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ — ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȖȘ-
ȔȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȉȍȏ ȐȕȌȐȊȐȌțȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȍȑ ǷȘȖș-
ȚȖ — ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ ȕȍ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȑ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȗȘȐȓȐȟȕȣȑ ȕȍ ȖșȖ-
ȉȍȕȕȖ țȔȕȣȑ ȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȋȓțȗȣȑ ǵȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ ȒȖȓȖȓ ȋȓȈȏ șȊȖȐȔ
ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȖȔ ȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍ șȒȘȣȊȈȓ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȍȒ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ
ȕȍ ȕțȎȌȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ Ǫșȍ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȖȊȕȖ țȘȈȊȕȖȊȍȠȍȕȖ ȉȍȏ
ȧȘȒȐȝ ȔȈȏȒȖȊ — ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȏȈȘȐșȖȊȈȕȕȈȧ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȖȑ Ȋ șȘȍȌ-
ȕȐȝ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȐȕȦȟȐȝ ȒȘȈșȒȈȝ ǰ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȗȘȖșȚȖȑ ȗȖ șț-
ȡȍșȚȊț — ȖȉȣȊȈȚȍȓȤșȒȐȑ ȉȍȏ țȋȓțȉȓȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȕȍȐȏȊȍȌȈȕȕȖȍ,
ȉȍȏ ȌȍȘȏȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȖȘȣȊȖȊ ȊȊȣșȤ
ȇ ȗȖȕȈȌȖȉȐȓșȧ ȍȔț ȒȈȒ ȈȌȊȖȒȈȚ ȗȖ ȖȌȕȖȔț ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕ-
șȒȖȔț ȗȘȖȞȍșșț Ȑ șȈȔ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȒȈȒ șȖȠȍȓșȧ ș ȕȐȔ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ
ȗȖ-ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤșȒȐ ȕȖ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖșȚȈȚȤșȧ
ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȍȓȖȊȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ ȒȖȜȍ Ȑ ȒȖ-
ȕȤȧȒ țȋȖȡȈȓ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȔȐ șȐȋȈȘȈȔȐ ǿȈȡȍ șȓțȠȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȖ
ȐȕȖȋȌȈ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗ ȚȖȔ Ȗ șȍȔ
ǵȖ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȊȍȟȍȘ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȟțȌȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ
ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȖȍ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȥȚȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȊȈȚȣȍ ȊȖȌȧȕȐșȚȣȍ
ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ ȏȈȋȖȘȈȓȐșȤ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔȐ ȐșȒȖȘȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȔȍȘȞȈȦȡȐȑ
șȊȍȚ Ȑȝ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȐȍ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȏȕȈȍȔ Ȋ

96
ȥȚȖȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȍ Ȉ ȍșȚȤ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȍȡȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș ȕȍȊȍȌȖ-
ȔȖȍ șȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȚȈȑȕȖȍ
ȇ ȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ș ȖșȖȉȣȔ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ ǵȍȘȊȕȖȑ Șț-
ȒȖȑ ȟȈȡȍ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȓȐȊȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȑȏ ȉțȚȣȓȒȐ Ȑ ȚȖȘȖ-
ȗȐȓ ȗȐȚȤ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȧ șȊȖȦ ȘȦȔȒț
— Ǫȣ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȏȌȘȈȊȐȚȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȊȌȘțȋ șȓȖȊ-
ȕȖ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȖȟȍȘȚȧ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȋ ȉȍȏȌȕț, — ȧ ȎȍȕȦșȤ ȕȈ Ȍȕȧȝ
șȊȈȌȤȉȈ Ǵȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȚȤ ȊȈș ȠȈȜȍȘȖȔ
ǪȖȚ ȚțȚ-ȚȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ
Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȌȊȖȑȕȖȔ ȊȌȖȊȞȍ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȒȚȖ șȖ-
ȉȐȘȈȍȚșȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȚȤ ȚȧȎȒȖȍ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȚȧȕȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ
șȖȖȉȡȕȐȒȐ
ǵȖ ȧ șȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ȉȖȋȈȚȖȋȖ ȒȓȐȍȕȚȈ Ȋ șȚȘȖȋȖ ȒȖȘ-
ȘȍȒȚȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȍ ȒțȘȐȓ ȈȘȖȔȈȚȕțȦ șȐȋȈȘț Ȑ șȈȔ
ȉȣȓ ȖȌȍȚ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȐȏȧȡȕȖȍ ȟȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȍȚ Ȋ ©Ȑ Ț ȗª
Ȋ ©Ȑ Ț Ȍª ©Ȑ ȗȘȖȟª
ȇ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȔ țȔȍȘȍȕȕȖ-ȋȘȖȔȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖ-
șȖȔ ȗȖȓȕȣȔ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍȋȖ ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚȊȈ:
— Ǫȣ ȎȍȕȐȚȍșȤ ȕȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȍ"
Ƕȕ ȊȍșȤ ȗȘȖșȐȧȓ Ȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓȐșȤ ȧȘȒȐȔȐ ȏȊȍȏ-
ȌȈȔȐ
— ǵȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȍ ȕȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȟȐșȚȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȍ
ǪȖȓȕțȧșȤ Ȗȕ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȓ ȗȖ ȒȖȊȘț țșȚȐȓȈȊȠȍȔț
ȗȖȓ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȈ
— ȇ ȉȣȓ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȍȕ ȌȊȈ ȘȈȏȈ ǹ ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ ș ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ ȉȓȈ-
ȋȖȌȈȘȕȖșȚȤȦ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȦ ȧ Ȗ ȔȖȐȝ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȝ ȎȍȕȈȝ DzȈȒȐȍ
ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȟțȌȕȣȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȒȈȒ ȓȦȉȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ǩ ȧ Ȑȝ" Ǭț-
Ƞț ȋȖȚȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȗȖȞȍȓțȑ ȏȈ ȓȈșȒț
ǩȖȒȓȍȊșȒȐȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȖȚȔȍȘȐȊȈȓ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȔȍȎȌț
ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȣȔ șȚȖȓȖȔ Ȑ ȒȈȔȐȕȖȔ
— ȇ — șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȒȖȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȚ ȦȕȖȋȖ
ȎȍȕșȒȖȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȧ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȍȕ ǵȍ ȗȖȌțȔȈȑȚȍ
ȟȚȖ ȧ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ șȚȘȈșȚȍȕ« ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ ȚȈȒ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȓȦȉ-
ȓȦ ǵȍȚ Ǵȕȍ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȟȍșȒȐ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȈ ȉȓȐȏȖșȚȤ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ
ȇ șȚȈȕȖȊȓȦșȤ ȉȖȌȘȣȔ ȐȕȈȟȍ șȊȍȚȓȍȍ ȓțȟȠȍ șȔȖȚȘȦ ȕȈ
ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ șȍȉȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȟȚȖ ȧ șțȡȍșȚ-
ȊțȦ Ǫ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȍ ȧ ȋȐȉȕț ǵȍ șțȔȍȦ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȊșȍȋȖ
Ȋ ȚȖȟȕȖșȚȐ ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖ ȔȖȐȔ șȐȓȈȔ ǵȖ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȑ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ

97
ȒȈȒ șȐȓȣ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȐșșȣȝȈȦ« ǷȘȖ-
șȚȐȚȍ ȕȍ ȕȈȑȌț șȓȖȊ ǪȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȍ șȍȉȍ ȗȖȟȊț șȗȖșȖȉȕțȦ ȗȘȖ-
ȐȏȘȈșȚȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȖ ȉȍșȗȓȖȌȕțȦ ȖȚ ȌȖȓȋȖȑ ȏȈșțȝȐ ǵț-
Ȏȍȕ ȉȓȈȋȖȚȊȖȘȕȣȑ ȖȎȐȊȓȧȦȡȐȑ ȌȖȎȌȤ ǩȍȏ ȕȍȋȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȟȍȘ-
ȕȖȏȍȔ — ȗȣȓȤ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȗȍșȖȒ Ǭȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȌȖȎȌȍȔ ȖȎȐȊ-
ȓȧȦȡȐȔ ȌȖȓȐȕț șȔȍȘȚȐ ȌȈȦȡȐȔ ȒȘȖȊȤ Ȑ ȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȣȍ șȖ-
ȒȐ ȏȈșȖȝȠȍȑ ȔțȔȐȐ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ǴȖȓȖȌȖȍ ȟȐșȚȖȍ
ȕȍȚȘȖȕțȚȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ«
Ǫ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ Ȉ Ȕȕȍ
ȉȣȓȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȎțȚȒȖ ȌȖ ȚȖȠȕȖȚȣ ȌȖ ȐșȚȖȔȣ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ Țȍ-
ȓȍ Ȑ ȚȈȑȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ©ȗȖȋȐȉȕȍȚ Ȑ ȥȚȈª
ǶȚȟȍȋȖ" ǷȖȟȍȔț"
ǷȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȔȈȧȟȐȓȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ șțȝȖȡȈȊȖȋȖ ȉȓȖȕ-
ȌȐȕȈ ȗȖȌ șȖȘȖȒ ȓȍȚ Ȋ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȚȈȒ șȊȖȑșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȑș-
ȒȈȚȤ ȉȓȐȏȖșȚȐ ș ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȖȑ ȎȈȎȌȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȧ
Ǫ ȟȍȔ ȉȣ ȔȖȋ ȧ ȖȉȊȐȕȧȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȉȖȧȚȤșȧ
ȗȘȍȏȐȘȈȚȤ" ǭȔț ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖȔț ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ ȚȍȗȓȈ ȎȍȕșȒȖȑ ȓȈșȒȐ
țȦȚȈ șȍȔȍȑȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǬȊȈȎȌȣ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊ Ȑ ȕȍșȟȈ-
șȚȍȕ ǵȈȌȍȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȟȕȖȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ Ȋ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȘȈȏ«
ǰ ȧ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ ȉȣȚȤ ȠȈȜȍȘȖȔ — Ȑ ȌȍȘȎȈ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȦ
ȍȋȖ ȊȍȕȍȞ ȒȖșȐȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕțȦ ȜȐȋțȘț ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȕȍ-
ȊȍșȚȣ șȚȣȌȓȐȊȖ ȏȈȔȐȘȈȦȡȍȑ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȐ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ«ǵȈ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȋȖȌ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȑ șțȗȘțȎȍșȒȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȏȈȉȖȓȍȓȈ
Ȑ ȥȚȈ ȇ ȉȣȓ ȌȘțȋȖȔ Ȑȝ ȌȖȔȈ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȣȓ ȋȖȚȖȊ
ȗȘȐȉȖȘ ȏȈ Ȑȝ șȚȖȓȖȔ ȧ ȏȕȈȓ ȔȍȓȖȟȐ Ȑȝ ȐȕȚȐȔȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǩȖȓȍȍ ȓȦȉȧȡȍȋȖ ȔȧȋȒȖȋȖ șȕȐșȝȖȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȔțȎȈ ȧ ȕȍ ȊȐ-
ȌȈȓ Ƕȕ ȖȒȘțȎȈȓ Ȏȍȕț ȈȚȔȖșȜȍȘȖȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȑ ȓȈșȒȐ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ
ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓ ȍȍ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖȑ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȎȌȈȓ ȒȈȎȌȖȍ ȍȍ ȎȍȓȈ-
ȕȐȍ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȋȖȌ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ Ȏȍ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȌȕȐ ȗȖșȓȍ șȊȈȌȤȉȣ ǰ ȖȕȈ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȈȧ
șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȈȧ — ȒțȗȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȓțȟȈȝ ȓȈșȒȐ — Ȑ ȟȈșȚȖ șȘȈȊȕȐȊȈȓ
ȧ ȍȍ ș ȘȍȉȍȕȒȖȔ ȠȈȓȧȡȐȔ Ȋ ȚȍȗȓȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ș Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕȖȑ ȖȚȌȈȊȠȍȑșȧ Ȋ ȎȈȘȒȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȣȔ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖ-
ȊȍȕȐȧȔ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȊȖȓȕ ȗȖȌ ȕȍȎȈȡȐȔ șȖȓȕȞȍȔ ȦȋȈ«
ǯȈȉȖȓȍȓȈ
ǹȚȈȓȈ ȝțȌȍȚȤ ȉȓȍȌȕȍȚȤ ǷȖȋȈș ȘțȔȧȕȍȞ ȗȖȉȓȍȒȓȐ Ȑ ȊȚȧ-

98
ȕțȓȐșȤ ȡȍȒȐ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȖ-ȎȈȓȒȖ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȐȓȐșȤ ȒȓȦȟȐȞȣ ȗȖȌ
Ƞȍȍȑ Ȑ ȧȔȒȐ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȕȐȝ — ȏȈȚȖ ȊȣȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ ȉȖȓȤȕȣȍ șȚȘȈ-
ȌȈȦȡȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȔȖȓȧȡȐȍ Ȗ ȔȐȓȖșȚȐ Ȗ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȍ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȍȋȖ
ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȧ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȍ ȊȐȌȧȡȐȍ țȎȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȗȍȘȍȌ ȒȖȕȞȖȔ«
ǺȘȍȚȤȧ ȎȍȕȈ ǩȖȒȓȍȊșȒȖȋȖ ǵȈȌȍȎȌȈ țȔȍȘȓȈ, ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȗȍȘ-
Ȋȣȍ ȌȊȍ ȕȈ ȊȚȖȘȖȔ ȋȖȌț ȏȈȔțȎȍșȚȊȈ
ȇ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ȋȘȖȉț ȍȍ ȓȖȉ Ȑ ș țȎȈșȖȔ țȉȍȌȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ
ȗȖȟȚȐ ȔțȔȐȧ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦȡȈȧ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȋȖ ȝȖȓȖȌȈ ȚȘțȗȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ
ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȈ Ȉ ȔȈȕȍȒȍȕ Ȑȏ ȞȍȓȓțȓȖȐȌȈ«
ǩȖȒȓȍȊșȒȐȑ țȍȝȈȓ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞț — Ȑ ȧ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȊȐȌț
ǹȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ șȓțȝȐ ȌȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȌȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȐȏȌȈȓȍȒȈ ǺȈȔ Ȗȕ
ȗȖȓȤȏțȧșȤ ȐȕȣȔȐ ȏȈȒȖȕȈȔȐ Ȗ ȉȘȈȒȍ ȎȍȕȐȓșȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȑ ȉțȌ-
ȚȖ ȎȍȕȈ ȍȋȖ țȔȍȘȓȈ Ȑ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȗȕ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ șȊȧȏȈȓ șȍȉȧ șțȗȘțȎȍ-
șȚȊȖȔ« ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȓȍȚ ȊȖșȍȔȤ ǹȓțȝȐ ȏȈȚȐȝȓȐ Ȗ ǩȖȒȓȍȊșȒȖȔ
ȌȈȊȕȖ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓȐ ȐȔ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȚȤșȧ
Ƕȉȡȍȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȊȖȏȉțȌȐȓȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȍ
ȟȚȖ ǩȖȒȓȍȊșȒȐȑ ȍȌȍȚ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ Ȋ șȊȖȍ ȘȖȌȖȊȖȍ ȐȔȍ-
ȕȐȍ — ȍȌȍȚ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȣ țȔȐȘȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȘȖȌȐȕȍ
ǰȏȊȍșȚȐȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȊșȒȖȘȍ Ȋșȍ țȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ
ǩȖȒȓȍȊșȒȐȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȊȘȈȟȖȔ-ȧȗȖȕȞȍȔ țȎȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ șȚȈ-
ȘȖȔ țșȈȌȍȉȕȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ șȍȓȈ ǹȗȈș-DzȖȓȐȕȖ
ȇ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȊȍșȚȐȚȤ
Ǫ șȒȍȓȍȚȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȔ Țȍȓȍ ȓȍȎȈȊȠȍȔ ȕȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ȧ ȍȌȊȈ
țȏȕȈȓ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȎȐȏȕȍȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖȋȖ ȝȖȚȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ șțȝȖȡȈȊȖȋȖ
ǩȖȒȓȍȊșȒȖȋȖ
ǰ ȟȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȋȓȈȏ Ȑșȗț-
ȋȈȕȕȖȍ ȔȖȓȧȡȍȍ Ȗ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȒȈȒ ț ȍȋȖ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȑ Ȏȍȕȣ ȗȍȘȍȌ
șȔȍȘȚȤȦ
Ƕȕ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ Ȕȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ ǷȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȘțȒț șȓȈȉȖ
țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ
ǷȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȎȐ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ șȖȌȘȖȋȕțȚȤ-
șȧ ǫȖȘȧȟȈȧ ȘțȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȕȍ ȚȍȓȍșȕȈȧ Ȉ șȌȍȓȈȕȕȈȧ Ȑș-
ȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȑȏ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȟȍȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȖȉȚȧȕțȚȖ-
ȋȖ DzȖȎȈ șțȝȈȧ ȉțȔȈȎȕȈȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȉȣ ȧ
ǰ ȊȍșȤ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ șțȝȖȑ ǺȍȓȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȓȐȠȍȕȖ ȊȓȈ-
ȋȐ ȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȣȝ șȖȒȖȊ ǪȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȊȠȐșȤ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ țșȕțȓ ȧ ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓ ȊȘȈȟȈ

100
—ǿȚȖșȕȐȔ"
ȇȗȖȕȍȞ ȝȐȚȘȖ ȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȉȓȍș-
ȕțȓ ȕȈ ȚȍȔȕȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ ȖșȒȈȓȖȔ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȏțȉȖȊ
— Ǫȣ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȣ ȥȚȖȔț ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȍ. ǩȖȒȓȍȊșȒȐȑ ȉȖ-
ȓȍȕ ȘȍȌȒȖȑ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȤȦ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȑ ȕȈ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ ǶșȖȉȣȑ ȔȐȒ-
ȘȖȉ — ȔțȔȐȍȜȐȞȐȘțȦȡȈȧ ȉȈȞȐȓȓȈ Ƕȕ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȓ — ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȏȈȘȈȏȐȓșȧ ǺȍȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȕȖ ȊȍȘȕȖ Ȑș-
șȣȝȈȍȚ Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȏțȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȔțȔȐȦ ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȥȚȖȑ ȉȈȞȐȓȓȣ Ȑȏ-
ȊȍșȚȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȌȘȍȊȕȖșȚȐ ǴȖȎȕȖ ȕȈȊȍȒȐ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȤ ȚȘțȗ
ȒțșȖȒ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȐ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȍșȓȐ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȕțȚȤ Ȑȝ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȦ
ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȒțȓȤȚȐȊȐȘȖȊȈȕȈ ȥȚȈ ȉȈȞȐȓȓȈ ǷȐȚȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ șȘȍȌȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ șȓțȎȐȚ ȔȍȌ ǪȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȞȈȘȤ ǰȘȖȌ
țȉȐȓ Ȏȍȕț Ȋ ȋȕȍȊȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȋȖȘȤȒȖȔ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȐ ȎȍȓȈȧ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȤ
ȍȍ ȚȘțȗ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȑ ȋȘȖȉ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȍȌȖȔ
Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȝȘȈȕȐȓ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȌȊȖȘȞȍ ǩȖȒȓȍȊșȒȐȑ ȒȖȕȟȐȚ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ȖȉȘȈȚȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȔțȔȐȦ Ȑ ȧ țȉȍȎȌȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȊȣȘȖȑȚȍ Ȋȣ ȍȋȖ ȟȍ-
Șȍȏ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ Ȗȕ ȉțȌȍȚ Ȋșȍ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ șȔȍȘȚȐ
ȇ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ȧȗȖȕȞț Ȗ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȏȍȕ ǩȖȒȓȍȊ-
șȒȖȋȖ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȔȖ Ƕȕ ȏȈȘȈȎȈȓ Ȑȝ ȔțȔȐȍ-
ȜȐȞȐȘțȦȡȍȑ ȉȈȞȐȓȓȖȑ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȋȐȉȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔȣ ȉȖȓȍȍ
șȓȈȉȣȍ
ǺȈȒ ȕȈțȒȈ ȘȈȏȢȧșȕȐȓȈ ȚȈȑȕț ©ǹȐȕȍȑ ǩȖȘȖȌȣª ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȊșȒȖȘȖșȚȐ șȈȔ țȔȍȘ Ȑ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȍȕ Ȋ șȍȔȍȑȕȖȔ șȒȓȍȗȍ
ȇ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȐ ȈȌȊȖȒȈȚȈ ȎȐȊț țȍ-
ȌȐȕȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȍ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȦ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȇ ȟȓȍȕ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ
ȐȏțȟȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȚȈȑȕȣȍ ȕȈțȒȐ Ȑ ȌȍȘȏȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȋȘȈȕȐ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȘȈȏțȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȔț ǶȟȍȕȤ ȔȈȓȖ ȏȕȈȦ
ȍȡȍ ȧ ȐȡțȡȐȑ ǰ Ȋ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȘȐȧȚȕțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț ȧ ȒȊȍȘȍȕȌ șȗȘȖ-
șȐȓ ǴȍȖȕȈ
— ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ țȟȐȚȍȓȤ șȒȈȎȐ ȟȚȖ ȌțȔȈȍȠȤ Țȣ Ȗ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟ-
ȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȏȍȕ ǩȖȒȓȍȊșȒȖȋȖ?
ǴȍȖȕ ȊȣșȓțȠȈȊ ȔȖȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ȖȔȘȈȟȐȓșȧ
— ǹȣȕ ȔȖȑ Țȣ șȚȖȧȓ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ Ȓ ȖȌȕȖȔț Ȑȏ țȎȈșȕȣȝ șț-
ȡȍșȚȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȓ șȟȈșȚȤȦ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȗȓȈȕȍ

ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȍȌȒȖ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȍșȚȤ ȈșȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ Ȋ ȜȐȏȐȟȍ-
șȒȖȑ ȖȉȖȓȖȟȒȍ DzȖȋȌȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ țȔȐȘȈȍȚ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȖȉȖȓȖȟ-
ȒȈ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȓȈȋȈȍȚșȧ ǵȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȈșȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȗȓȈȕȍ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ȕȍ-
ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȍ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǹțȡȕȖșȚȤ șȉȘȈșȣȊȈȍȚ ȈșȚ-
ȘȈȓȤȕțȦ ȖȉȖȓȖȟȒț Ȑ țȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȚȘȍȚȤȦ șȜȍȘț — ȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȣȑ
ȗȓȈȕ ǵȖ ȖȉȖȓȖȟȒȈ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȈȧ ȌțȠȖȑ ȕȍ ȐșȟȍȏȈȍȚ — ȖȕȈ,
ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȐȡȍȚ ȊȖȗȓȖȡȍȕȐȧ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȓțȟȈȧȝ ȌȖșȚȐ-
ȋȈȍȚ șȊȖȍȑ ȞȍȓȐ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ-ȊȈȔȗȐȘ ǹțȡȍșȚ-
ȊȖ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖȍ ȎȐȚȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȏȈ șȟȍȚ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ǹțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȕȍȊȐȌȐ-
ȔȖ Ȑ ȕȍȖșȧȏȈȍȔȖ ȊȣșȈșȣȊȈȦȡȍȍ ȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȣȍ șȖȒȐ Ȑȏ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕ ȍșȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ Ȑȏ ȔțȎȟȐȕ ȍșȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ǩȖȒ-
ȓȍȊșȒȐȑ ȉȣȓ ȊȈȔȗȐȘȖȔ
ǺȈȒ ȚȈȑȕț ǩȖȒȓȍȊșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȝ Ȏȍȕ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ
Ȕȕȍ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ țȟȐȚȍȓȤ ȖȒȒțȓȤȚȕȣȝ ȕȈțȒ«
ǵȖ ȖȚȟȍȋȖ ȧ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȦ ȚȈȒȖȑ țȎȈș ȚȈȒȖȑ ȌțȠȍȊȕȣȑ ȝȖ-
ȓȖȌ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȟȚȖ ȎȍȕȈ ȔȖȧ ȝțȌȍȍȚ Ȑ ȉȓȍȌȕȍȍȚ" ǰ ȊȔȍ-
șȚȍ ș ȉȖȧȏȕȤȦ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȚȤ ȍȍ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȕȕȍ —
©Ȋșȍ ȓȦȌȐ — ȊȈȔȗȐȘȣ Ȋșȍ șȖșțȚ ȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȣȍ șȖȒȐ Ȑȏ ȌȘțȋȐȝ
Ȑ ȎȐȊțȚ ȏȈ șȟȍȚ Ȑȝ șȐȓ Ȑ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȧ — Ȋșȍ ȎȐȊțȚ ȕȍȖșȧȏȈȍ-
ȔȣȔ țȉȐȑșȚȊȖȔ — Ȑ șȈȔȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȍșȚȤ ȞȊȍȚȖȒ ȒȖȘȕȧȔȐ ȗȐ-
ȚȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ȚȘțȗȖȔª

102
ǿǮǺǼǵǰǮǻdzȄ
I
ǰȊȈȕț ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟț ǿȍȘȕȖȉȣȓȤșȒȖȔț ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȕȍ Ȋȍȏ-
ȓȖ Ƕȕ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȘȐȊȣȒ Ȓ ȔȣșȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȏȈȌțȔȈȕȕȖȍ ȐȔ Ȏȍ-
ȓȈȕȕȖȍ ȕȐ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ țȌȈșȚșȧ
ǰȕȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȔȍȟȚȈȝ Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ șȍȉȧ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȍ țșȗȍȝȈ ȗȖ-
ȗȈȌȈȓ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȖ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȖȒȓȈȌȖȔ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȎȈȓȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȈ ȉțȝȋȈȓȚȍȘȈ
ǰ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ǰȊȈȕ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ ȉȣȓ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ țȉȍȎȌȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȍș-
ȓȐ ȉȣ ȍȋȖ șȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȔ ȉțȝȋȈȓȚȍȘȖȔ ȚȖ Ȗȕ
ȉȣȓ ȉȣ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȓȍȏȍȕ țȔȍȕ șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȍȕ ȟȍȔ
ȥȚȖȚ ȚȖȓșȚȣȑ ȌțȘȈȒ ǼȐȓȐȗȗȖȊ
Ǫ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ǰȊȈȕȈ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟȈ șȓȖȎȐȓșȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȓȈȕ ȕȍȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȝ ȘȍȜȖȘȔ ȗȖ ȉțȝȋȈȓȚȍȘșȒȖȔț ȖȚȌȍȓț ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȖȚȟȍȚ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȧȚȐȧ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȣ ȊȣȐȋȘȈȓȈ ȇȊȓȧȓȈșȤ ȌȈ-
Ȏȍ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȗ ȗȖȌȈȟȍ ȌȖȒȓȈȌȕȖȑ ȏȈȗȐșȒȐ Ȋ ȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ
ǵȖ ȕȈ Ȍȍȓȍ Ȋșȍ ȒȖȕȟȈȓȖșȤ ȖȌȕȐȔȐ ȔȍȟȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȉȖȑ Ȑȏ-
ȓȖȎȐȚȤ șȊȖȑ ȗȓȈȕ ȕȈ ȉțȔȈȋȍ
ȅȚȖ țȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ șȈȔ ǰȊȈȕ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ țȌȐȊȓȧȓșȧ ȓȍȋȒȖ-
șȚȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȓȖȋȈ Ȑ țȔȍȕȐȦ ȐȏȓȈȋȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖș-
ȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ǵȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ țȊȓȍȒȓȈ ȕȍȕȈȌȖȓȋȖ
— Dz ȟȍȔț" Ǫșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȑȌȍȚ
ǩȖȓȤȠȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȈȑ Ȗȕ ȌȖȒȓȈȌȕțȦ ȏȈȗȐșȒț ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȗȘȖșȧȚ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȓțȎȉț
ǮȐȏȕȤ țȎȍ țȟȐȓȈ ǰȊȈȕȈ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȞȍȗȒȖ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ-
șȧ ȏȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȍșȚȤ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ țȋȖȌȐȚȤ ©ȌțȘȈȒțª ǼȐȓȐȗȗȖȊț ǬȈ-
Ȏȍ ȓȍȉȍȏȐȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ țȕȐȎȈȓșȧ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȕȈȌȖȉȕȖșȚȐ
ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȑȏ ȏȈȧȟȤȍȋȖ șȚȘȈȝȈ ȓȐȠȐȚȤșȧ șȊȖȐȝ șȚȈ Șțȉȓȍȑ
Ȋ ȔȍșȧȞ
Ǩ ǼȐȓȐȗȗȖȊ ȗȖ ȝȈȔșȒȖȑ ȔȈȕȍȘȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ș ȚȊȍȘȌȣȔ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȚȕȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ǿȍȘȕȖȉȣȓȤșȒȖȔț șȊȣșȖȒȈ ȗȘȍȏȘȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȈȎȍ Ȑ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȐșȒȐȊȈȕȐȑ

103
ǿȈșȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȋȘțȉȖ ȖȉȘȣȊȈȓ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ șȓȣȝȈȓ
ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ, Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȘȖșȣȗȈȓșȧ
— ǺȈȒ Ȋȣ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ"
ǰ ǿȍȘȕȖȉȣȓȤșȒȐȑ ȗȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ Ȑ ȌȊȈ
Ȑ ȚȘȐ ȘȈȏȈ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȉ ǼȐȓȐȗȗȖȊ Ȋșȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȊȏȧȚȤ Ȋ ȚȖȓȒ Ȋ
ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ
— ǫȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ ȒȖȘȖȟȍ Ȑ ȧșȕȍȍ Ǩ ȚȖ Ȋȣ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȋȈȏȍȚȕțȦ șȚȈ-
ȚȤȦ ȗȐȠȍȚȍ ǺȈȒ ȊȍȌȤ ȚȈȔ ȉȈȚȍȕȤȒȈ ȈȊȚȖȘ ȗȖșȚȘȖȟȕȣȍ ȗȖȓț-
ȟȈȍȚ Ȉ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋȣ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȏȘȧ ȖȚȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ
ǩȣȊȈȓȖ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ǼȐȓȐȗȗȖȊ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȉȐ-
ȊȈȓ:
— ǭȘțȕȌȈ ǿȍȘȚ ȏȕȈȍȚ ș ȟȍȔ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȓȍȏȍȚȍ ǬȍȓȈȑȚȍ șȊȖȍ
ȌȍȓȖ — ȉȖȓȤȠȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȊȈș ȕȍ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚșȧ Ȉ Ȋȣ ș ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȧȔȐ
ǰ ȥȚȖ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȕȈ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȗȘȖȌțȔȈȕȕȣȑ ȌȖȒȓȈȌ ǰȊȈȕȈ ǷȍȚ-
ȘȖȊȐȟȈ
ǰȌȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȔȍȉȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȕțȦ ȒȖȕțȘȒț ǰȊȈȕ Ƿȍ-
ȚȘȖȊȐȟ Ȋ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȘȍȏȒȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȍ ȐȏȓȈȋȈȓ ȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ șȊȖȍ ȕȍ-
ȋȖȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ:
«ǰȌȐȖȚ ȏȈȏȕȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȝȈȔ ǪȍȌȤ Ȗȕ șȣȕ ȓȈȉȈȏȕȐȒȈ țȟȐȓ-
șȧ Ȋ ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȖȔ Ȑ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȕȍ ȒȖȕȟȐȓ ǰ Ȕȕȍ țȕȐȊȍȘ-
șȐȚȍȚșȒȖȔț ȇ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȍȔț ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȗȖ-
ȚȘțȌȐȚȍșȤ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȍȎȓȐȊȍȑ ȕȈȠȐ șȓțȎȍȉȕȣȍ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ
ȐșȒȓȦȟȈȦȚ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȐȐ».
ǰ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓ Ȗȕ ǼȐȓȐȗ-
ȗȖȊț ǰ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ Ȍȓȧ șȍȉȧ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ Ȉ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȖȔ ǼȐȓȐȗȗȖȊȈ țȊȖȓȤȕȧȦȡȐȔ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȕȍșȗȖ-
șȖȉȕȖșȚȤ
— ǵȈȔ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȣ ǵȈȑȌțȚșȧ ș ȊȣșȠȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȍȔ
ǫȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȚȈȒ șȈȔ ș șȖȉȖȦ ǰȊȈȕ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȌȖ șȈȔȖ-
ȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ǹȓțȟȈȓȖșȤ ȍȔț Ȑ ȔȐȕȖȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘț Ȑ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȗȘȖȑȌȧ țȓȐȞț ȌȊȍ ȖȗȖȔȐȕȈȓșȧ Ȗȕ Ȑ șȚȣȌȧșȤ șȊȖȍȑ ȘȈș-
șȍȧȕȕȖșȚȐ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ǫ ȥȚȐ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȍȔț ȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖȝȖȎȐȍ șȔȖȚȘȧȚ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ — ȒȚȖ ș ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚ-
șȚȊȖȔ ȒȚȖ ș ȕȈșȔȍȠȒȖȑ Ȑ Ȋșȍ țȏȕȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȏȈȔȍȟȚȈȓșȧ Ȑ
ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȔȐȔȖ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ǬȈȎȍ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȊȖȑ țȝȔȣȓȧȓșȧ ȗȖȌ
ȔȖȓȖȌȍȞȒȐȔ ȘȣȎȐȔ țșȖȔ
ǰȊȈȕ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȘȈȏȌȍȚȣȔ ȌȖȕȈ-

104
ȋȈ ǰ Ȋșȍ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȦȚ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȦȚ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȚȍȔȕȖȍ ȗȧȚȕȖ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȍ șȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȗȖȌ ȖȌȍȎȌȖȑ ȝȖȝȖ-
ȟțȚ ȐȏȌȍȊȈȦȚșȧ
ǰ Ȗȕ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȏȈȧȞ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȏȉȍȋȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȧȚȣȑ
ȥȚȈȎ ȏȊȖȕȐȓ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊȝȖȌȐȓ Ȉ ȗțȋȓȐȊȖ ȗȘȧȚȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȒȖȔ-
ȕȈȚț
ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȖ ȒȖȓȖȚȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȐ
ǯȍȘȒȈȓȖ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȓȖ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ș ȚȘȧșțȡȍȑșȧ ȕȐȎȕȍȑ
ȋțȉȖȑ Ȑ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȖȒ ǿȍȘȕȖȉȣȓȤșȒȐȑ șȘȈȏț
ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȖșȓȈȉȍȊȠȐȔ
— ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ" ǷȘȖșȚțȌȐȓșȧ ȏȈȉȖȓȍȓ"
ǰ ȘȍȠȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ©ȕȍȘȊȕȖȍª
ǭșȚȤ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ Ȑ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȓȖȎȐȓșȧ ȖȚȌȣȝȈȚȤ
ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕ ǯȈȌȘȍȔȣȊȈȓ ȕȖ ȟȈȡȍ ȔȣșȓȐ ȊȐȝȘȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȗȘȣȋȈ-
ȓȐ ȗȖ ȗȖȊȖȌț ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ ǿȍȘȕȖȉȣȓȤșȒȐȑ
ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȏȈ Ȑȝ ȗȍȘȍȖȞȍȕȒț
ǵȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȊȟȍȘȈ Ȗȕ ȐȋȘȈȓ Ȋ «21» ț ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȝ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȋ-
ȘȈȓ ȝȖȚȧ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ țȌȈȓȖșȤ șȕȧȚȤ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȣȑ ȉȈȕȒ Ǩ ȗȖȚȖ-
Ȕț ȗȘȖȐȋȘȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓșȧ șȟȈșȚȤȍȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȍȏȓȖ ȕȍ
țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȓ șȚȈȊȖȒ
ǭȡȍ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȖȚ ȊȣȐȋȘȣȠȈ ȍȔț șȚȈȓȖ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖ
șȍȉȍ
Ǫșȍ șȔȖȚȘȧȚ Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȦȚ Ȋ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȅȚȖ ǰȊȈȕ
ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓ, Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȉȈȕȒ
ǶȚȒȘȖȍȚ 20, 21, ȗȖȉȤȍȚ ȗȈȘȚȕȍȘȈ Ȑ — șȍȑȟȈș ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
șȒȈȎȍȚ
—dzȖȊȒȖ ǪȈȕȍȟȒȈ șȌȍȓȈȕȖ ǬȈ ț Țȍȉȧ ȗȖțȟȐȚȤșȧ ȕțȎȕȖ
ǿȍȘȕȖȉȣȓȤșȒȐȑ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȠțȚȒȈ Ȑ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ Ƞț-
ȓȍȘȈ ȕȍ șȟȐȚȈȍȚ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȍȓȖȊȒȖșȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȍ-
ȚȖ ȖșȖȉȖ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȍ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȍȋȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȋȘțȉȖ Ȑ
ȜȈȔȐȓȤȧȘȕȖ ȗȖȡȍȒȖȚȈȓ
ǰ, ȟȚȖȉȣ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȕȈȟȈȓ șȚȈȊȐȚȤ Ȑ
șȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȍȏȓȖ șȗțșȚȐȓ Ȋșȍ ȊȣȐȋȘȈȕȕȖȍ Ȑ șȊȖȐ ȚȈȒ-
Ȏȍ Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȓȍȎȈ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕȍ ȘȈșșțȎȌȈȓ ȏȌȘȈȊȖ Ȑ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ
— DzȈȘȚȣ ȍșȚȤ ȒȈȘȚȣ DzȚȖ ȉȖȐȚșȧ ȗȘȖȐȋȘȈȚȤ ȗțșȚȤ ȕȍ șȈ-
ȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȈȏȈȘȚȕțȦ ȐȋȘț ȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȐȧ ȚțȚ ȕȍ ț ȔȍșȚȈ

105
ǰȊȈȕ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȌȖ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȓȤ-
ȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ șȟȈșȚȤȍȔ ǰ ȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȓ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȐȋȘț ȕȖ
ȐȋȘȈȓ țȎȍ ȒȈȒ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȘȐșȒȖȊȈȓ țȌȊȈȐȊȈȓ ȒțȠȐ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ
ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑ ȊȖȏȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓșȧ
ǰ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤ-
șȒțȦ ȗȘȖȊȖȒȈȞȐȦ ©ǶȕȐ ȕȈȘȖȟȕȖ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȧȚ Ȑ ȧ șȌțȘț ȗȖȌ-
ȌȈȦșȤª
ǵȖ ȉȣȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǰȊȈȕȈ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟȈ șȓțȟȈȐ ȗȘȐ ȊȖș-
ȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȐ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȓȐȞȖ ȏȈȓȐȊȈȓȈ ȒȘȈșȒȈ șȚȣȌȈ Ȑ ȝȖȚȍ-
ȓȖșȤ șȗȘȧȚȈȚȤ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ Ȋ ȗȓȍȟȐ
Ƕȕ ȕȍ șțȔȍȓ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȒȘȖȊȕțȦ ȖȉȐȌț ǷȍȚțȠȒȖȊȈ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȕȕțȦ ȗȘȐ ȌȘțȋȐȝ Ȋ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȍ ǷȘȖșȚȖ ȗȘȖȔȖȓȟȈȓ Ȑ Ȋșȍ
șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ș țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȕȈșȔȍȠȒȖȑ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ
ȒțȌȈ ȌȍȊȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ șȚȣȌȈ Ȑ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȉȍșșȐȓȐȧ ȏȈȡȐ-
ȚȐȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȑ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȗȖ-ȔțȎșȒȐ
ǵȖ ȏȈȚȖ ȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȗȕ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǷȍȚțȠȒȖȊț ȒȈȒ
șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȚȖȋȖ — țȌȈȘȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȡȍȒȍ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȚ
șȒȈȚȐȓșȧ șȖ șȚțȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ Ȑ ȊȏȊȣȓ ȋȓțȗȣȔ ȎȍȘȍȉȧȟȤȐȔ ȋȖ-
ȓȖșȖȔ ǰ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ǰȊȈȕ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȑ ȊȐȌȍȓ șȓȖȊ-
ȕȖ Ȋ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȉ ȕȍ Ȋ ȔȍȟȚȈȝ
ǴȕȖȋȖ ȚȈȒȐȝ șȓțȟȈȍȊ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓ ǰȊȈȕ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ Ȑ Ȋșȍȋ-
ȌȈ ȉȣȓ țȔȍȕ ȌȍȘȏȖȒ ȕȈȝȖȌȟȐȊ Ȑ șȔȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚșȧ ȏȈȌ-
ȕȐȔ ȟȐșȓȖȔ
Ƕȕ ȧșȕȖ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ Ȋșȍ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȕȖ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȔȐȕț-
Țț ȕȍ ȖȚȕȖșȐȓ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȓ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȑ ȘȖȉȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȏȈȉȐȚȖșȚȐ Ȉ ȉȣȓ
ȚȊȍȘȌȖ țȉȍȎȌȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȕȐ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȊȍȏȍȚ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȕȖȊȕȐ-
ȒȖȔ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ Ȋȕȍ ȍȋȖ ȓȍȎȈȡȈȧ șȐȓȈ ȏȓȈȧ
ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉȕȈȧ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌțȦȡȈȧ
ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ©ȊȘȈȋȐª Ȑ ȚȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȓȦȌȐ ȧȊȕȖ ȍȋȖ
ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȧȡȐȍ Ȑ ȗȖȌ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȒȈȗȣȊȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ǷȖȚȖȔ șȖȏȕȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȗȖȌșȒȈȏȈȓȖ șȓȖȊȖ ©șțȌȤȉȈª
Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȊȐșȧȡȍȍ
ȖȚ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȓȐ
ǵȖ Ȑ ©ȊȘȈȋª Ȑ ©șțȌȤȉȈª ȕȍ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȧȓȐ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȖ
ȐȡțȡȍȋȖ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖȋȖ ȏȈȉȐȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ǩȣȓȖ ȍȡȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȦ ȒȈȒȈȧ-
ȚȖ ȋȕțșȕȈȧ ȐȋȘȈ ȗȖȌȓȈȧ ȐȕȚȘȐȋȈ ȗȖȌȒȖȗ Ȋȍȟȕȣȑ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕ-
ȕȖȍ ȗȖȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȖȎȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȕȐȍ șȊȐȕȤȐ

106
ǵȖ ȒȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ©Ȗȕª ȐȓȐ ©ȖȕȐª Ȋ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȔȐȘȍ, ǰȊȈȕ Ƿȍ-
ȚȘȖȊȐȟ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȗȖ șȖȊȍșȚȐ ȒȈ-
ȒȐȍ Ȏȍ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȘȈ-
ȋȐ Ȑ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ șțȌȤȉȈ șȚȈȕȍȚ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȕȐ-
ȟȚȖȎȍșȚȊȖȔ?
ǽȖȚȧ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ ǰȊȈȕ
ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚ șȍȉȧ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕȖȔ"
ǵȍȚ ȚțȚ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍ ȚȖ
II
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȍȕȤȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȗȘȍȌȠȍșȚȊȖȊȈȊ-
ȠȐȍ ǰȊȈȕ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȓȍȎȈȓ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ Ȑ ȟȐȚȈȓ ȋȈȏȍ-
Țȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȍȔț ȏȈ ȌȍȠȍȊțȦ ȗȓȈȚț ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȓ ȋȈȏȍȚȟȐȒ ©ș ȊȖȏ-
ȊȘȈȚȖȔª
ǪȌȘțȋ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȖȌȉȘȖșȐȓȖ ǪșȒȖȟȐȓ ȉȖșȣȔȐ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ
ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȓ Ȋ ȚțȜȓȐ țȘȖȕȐȓ ȋȈȏȍȚȕȣȑ
ȓȐșȚ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȘȈȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǶȗȧȚȤ ȘȊȈȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȋȈȏȍȚȍ ȟȐȚȈȓ
șȖȚȣȑ ȘȈȏ Ȑ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ șȊȖȐȔ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ
ǬȈ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȍȋȖ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ ©Dz ȕȍȑª ȕȈȗȍȟȈȚȈ-
ȕȖ Ȉ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȐȍ — ȗȍȚȐȚȖȔ ©ǷȖșȊȧȡȈȍȚșȧ Ǩ ǵ DzȓȍȘȖȊȖȑª
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȟȚȖ ǰȊȈȕ ǷȍȚ-
ȘȖȊȐȟ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȊșȍȔ ȍȋȖ Țȍȓȍ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓ ȋȖȘȧ-
ȟȐȑ ȗȖȚ
ǹȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȍȋȖ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȏȈȔȐȘȈȧ ȖȚ ȌțȠȍȊȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȈ ȊȣȊȍȓ ȘȖȊȕȣȔȐ ȉțȒȊȈȔȐ ©ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȐȍª Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȗȐșȈȓ ©Dz-ȓ-ȍ-Ș-Ȗ-Ȋ-Ȗ-ȑª ȗȖ ȍȋȖ șȍȘȌȞț șȓȖȊȕȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȎ-
ȕȖ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓ șȔȣȟȒȖȔ
ǵȖ ȕȐ Ȋ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ Ȗȕ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȗȖșȣ-
ȓȈȓ Ȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȣ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȐȓșȧ
ǩȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ șȚȖȓț ȖȚȗȍȘ ȧȡȐȒ ȕȖ ȚȈȔ ȊȈȓȧȓșȧ ȓȐȠȤ ȊȍșȤ
ȐȏȔȈȘȈȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȟȍȘȒȕțȚȣȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȊȐȒ Ȉ ȗȍȘȍȗȐșȈȕȕȣȝ
ȕȈȉȍȓȖ șȚȐȝȖȊ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ǵȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ țȒȘȈȓȐ ǯȈȉȘȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ǵȖ ȒȚȖ
ș ȒȈȒȖȦ ȞȍȓȤȦ"
ǰȊȈȕ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȗȖȌțȔȈȚȤ ȕȖ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖ

107
ȚȐȊ ȊȖȓȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș
— ǶȗȧȚȤ ȗȈȒȖșȚȤ ȗȖȌ Ȕȍȕȧ ȐȕȚȘȐȋȈ
ǹȒȈȏȈȓ Ȑ șȈȔ ȐșȗțȋȈȓșȧ
ȅȚȖ, ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ, Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȧșȕȖ
ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȖȉȊȐȕȧȓ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȊȘȈȋȈ ȗȘȖȧȊȐȊ-
ȠȍȋȖ șȊȖȦ ȏȓțȦ ȊȖȓȦ
— ǷȖȑȌț ȗȘȖȊȍȚȘȦșȤ
ǹ șȐȓȈȔȐ Ȗȕ șȖȉȘȈȓșȧ țȔȣȓșȧ ȖȌȍȓșȧ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȌȈȎȍ
ș ȗȘȐșȓțȋȖȑ ȕȖ Ȋ ȏȈȚȣȓȒȍ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓșȧ șȓȖȊȕȖ
ȏȈȉȐȚȣȑ ȒȖȓ
ǹ ȥȚȐȔ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓ Ȗȕ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȑ șȗȈȚȤ ȓȍȋ
Ƕȉȣȟȕȣȑ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȘțȠȍȕ ǵȍ ȏȈȠȍȓ Ȋ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ Șȍ-
șȚȖȘȈȕȟȐȒ ȕȍ ȗȖȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ȞȐȘȒ ȒțȌȈ ȐȔȍȓ ȌȈȘȖȊȖȑ ȉȐȓȍȚ Ǫșȍ
Ȑȏ ȉȖȧȏȕȐ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȍȑ ǹȍȑȟȈș ȗȖȌȕȐȔțȚ ȕȈ șȔȍȝ
—Ǩ-Ȉ ȕȈȠ ȗȖȥȚ ǷȖȏȌȘȈȊȓȧȍȔ ȗȖȏȌȘȈȊȓȧȍȔ
ǵȈțȚȘȖ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȖ ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȍ ȐȌȚȐ ȕȈ șȓțȎ-
ȉț șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ
ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ șȔțȡȈȓȖ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȐȍ
ǹ DzȓȍȘȖȊȖȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓșȧ ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȌȊȍ Ȑ șȘȈȏț
ȊȓȦȉȐȓșȧ ǮȍȕȡȐȕ Ȗȕ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȊȕȐ-
ȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓȐ Ǩ ȏȌȍșȤ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȒȘȈșȐȊȈȧ ȈȒȚȘȐșȈ ȏȈ-
ȕȧȓȈșȤ ȐȔ ȒȖȒȍȚȕȐȟȈȓȈ ș ȕȐȔ ȌȍȓȈȓȈ ȋȓȈȏȒȐ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȉȍ-
ȌȐȊȠȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȋȓțȗȖ ȘȖȉȍȦȡȍȋȖ ȌȖ ȒȖșȕȖȧȏȣȟȐȧ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȌȖȉȤȍȠȤșȧ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȏȈȜȓȐȘȚȖȊȈȓȈ ș
ȌȘțȋȐȔ
ǪȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȧșȤ ș ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ǿȍȘȕȖȉȣȓȤșȒȐȑ ȗȖ ȖȉȣȒȕȖ-
ȊȍȕȐȦ ȔțȟȐȓ șȍȉȧ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȖȉȊȐȕȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ șțȔȍȓ ȖȚ-
ȊȍȟȈȚȤ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȍȑ șȍȉȧ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȔ
ȔțȎȟȐȕȖȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ șȊȖȑ țȔ țȔȍȕȐȍ ȐȏȓȈȋȈȚȤ ȔȣșȓȐ ȒȘȈ-
șȐȊȖ Ȉ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȔȧȔȓȐȓ ȒȘȈșȕȍȓ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ-
șȧ ș ȒȈȠȍȑ ȊȖ ȘȚț ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ DzȓȍȘȖȊȈ ȘȈȏȈ ȌȊȈ ȗȍȘȍșȗȘȖșȐȓȈ
©ǿȚȖ Ȋȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ"ª
ǰ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ȕȍȊȗȖȗȈȌ Ȋșȍ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ ȋȓțȗȣȔȐ ȗȖȠȓȣȔȐ
șȓȖȊȈȔȐ
ǬȖȔȈ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȗȕ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȚȈȓ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȚț ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑ Ȋȍȓ
șȍȉȧ ș ȖȉȖȓȤșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ DzȓȍȘȖȊȖȑ șȖȊșȍȔ ȐȕȈȟȍ
ǶȚȊȍȟȈȓ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȋȖȘȌȍȓȐȊȖ-ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȣȔ ȚȖȕȖȔ: ©ǿȍȔ
ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț Ȕȣ ȓȦȉȐȔ ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȘȈȊȐȔșȧ Ȕȣ ȍȑª

108
ǩȘȖșȈȓ ȜȘȈȏț ȏȈ ȜȘȈȏȖȑ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖ ȒȘțȋȓȖ ș ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȔ șȔȣ-
șȓȖȔ ș ȍȌȊȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȔ ȗȖȌȢȍȔȖȔ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ǰ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ Dzȓȍ-
ȘȖȊȖȑ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȟțȌȕȣȝ ȜȐȈȓȒȖȊȣȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȘȈȏȋȖȘȈȓȖșȤ ȓȦȉȖ-
ȗȣȚșȚȊȖ ǯȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȊȣșȖȒȈȧ ȋȘțȌȤ ȟȈȡȍ
Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȈ ȒȘțȎȍȊȕțȦ ȒȖȜȚȖȟȒț
Ǩ Ȗȕ ǿȍȘȕȖȉȣȓȤșȒȐȑ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ ȏȈȗțȋȐȊȈȧ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ Șȍȏ-
ȒȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȗȘȧȔȖȚȖȑ șțȎȌȍȕȐȑ
Ǫ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȐȝ ȌȊțȝ ȕȍȌȍȓȤ ǿȍȘȕȖȉȣȓȤșȒȐȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ
ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȒȘȖȔȍ șȓțȎȉȣ
ǻșȗȍȝȐ ȍȋȖ ț DzȓȍȘȖȊȖȑ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣ Ȑ șȉȓȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȠȓȖ
ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȔȐ ȠȈȋȈȔȐ
ǻȎȍ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȘȖȉȒȖ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
©Ǻȣ ȘȈȌȈ ȉȣȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȉȖȑª
ǵȖ ǿȍȘȕȖȉȣȓȤșȒȐȑ ȖȚȚȧȋȐȊȈȓ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȍ
ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȧ șȓȈȌȖșȚȤ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȈȧ ȍȔț șȒȈ-
ȎȍȚǰ ȔȐȋ ȕȈșȚȈȓ ǶȗțșȚȐȊ ȊȍȒȐ ș ȓțȟȈȔȐ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȝ ȘȍșȕȐȞ
ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȧ ȘțȔȧȕȞȍȔ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȍȔț ©ȇ ȊȈș ȓȦȉȓȦ».
ǰ Ȗȕ ȒȖșȕțȓșȧ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȥȚȐȝ ȎȍȓȈȕȕȣȝ ȋțȉ Ȑ ȖȡțȚȐȓ
ȗȖȌ ȘțȒȖȦ ȠȍȓȍșȚȧȡȐȑ ȠȍȓȒ șțȓȧȡȐȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍ-
ȕȐȧ Ȋ ȉțȌțȡȍȔ
ǮȌȈȚȤ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖ DzȓȍȘȖȊȈ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȐȓȈ ȍȔț șȊȐȌȈȕȐȍ
ǵȖ Ȋ țȋȈȘȍ ȥȚȐȝ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊ ȊȣȏȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȘȈș-
ȒȈȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȉȣȊȈȓȐ Ȑ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȗȘȖșȊȍȚȓȍȕȐȧ
ǿȍȘȕȖȉȣȓȤșȒȐȑ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȧșȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ-
șȚȐ ȎȈȓȖȒ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȍȕ Ȑ ȔȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȈ ȊȣȌțȔȈȕȕȈȧ
ȐȔ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ ȓȦȉȊȐ ǰ Ȋ ȚȖșȒȍ ȚȘȍȏȊȖȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȕȈ-
ȗȐșȈȓ Ȗȕ ȓȐȘȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ ©Dz ȕȍȑª ǵȈȗȐșȈȓ Ȑ ȗȖș-
ȊȧȡȍȕȐȍ ǪȣȠȓȖ ȉȍȏȣșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȖ, ȚȘȖȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ǫșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ
ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȍȌȤ ȕȐȒȖȔț Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȎȍȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȓȐșȚȒȈ
Ǩ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȟȓȈ" ǷȖșȓȈȚȤ ȍȑ"
ǿȍȘȕȖȉȣȓȤșȒȐȑ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȈȌȘȍșȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȐȓșȧ ȉȣ șȗȘȖ-
șȐȚȤ ț ȖȉȡȐȝ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȝ
Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȚȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȟȓȈ"
ǵȖ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȣȕȖșȧȚ ȕȈ țȓȐȞț" ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȐ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ
ǵȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȥȚȖ ȏȈ ȕȍȋȖ ǵȈ șȔȍȝ ȕȈȏȓȖ ȍȔț DzȈ-
ȒȖȑ- ȚȖ ȗȖȌȓȍȞ ȕȍȋȖȌȧȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȣ ȌȖȏȕȈȚȤșȧ ȒȚȖ

109
ǸȍȠȐȊ ȕȍ ȐȌȚȐ ȕȈ șȓțȎȉț ȗȖșȒȈȒȈȓ Ȋ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȦ ǻȊȐ-
ȌȐȚ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȘȍȌȈȒȚȖȘȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȍȔț ȕȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ
Ǩ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ" ǷȖȌȗȐșȈȕȖ ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ, «ǰ Ƿ
ǿȍȘȕȖȉȣȓȤșȒȐȑ» ǯȌȍșȤ ȕȍȚ ȗȓȈȋȐȈȚȈ ǵȍ Ȓ ȟȍȔț ȗȘȐȌȘȈȚȤ-
șȧ DzȈȒȈȧ ȚȖȕȒȈȧ ȉȍșȚȐȧ ©Ȗȕª ȍȋȖ ȊȘȈȋ
ǰȊȈȕ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȓ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȗȓȈȕ Ȑ șȈȔ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȘȈș-
șȔȍȧȓșȧ șȐȌȧ ȕȈ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒȍ
ǻ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȈ Ȗȕ ȘȈșșȗȘȖșȐȓ ȠȊȍȑȞȈȘȈ ȋȌȍ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȈ Ȑ ȗȖ-
Ƞȍȓ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȚțȌȈ
— Ǵȕȍ ȗȖȘțȟȐȓȐ țȏȕȈȚȤ ǪȖȚ, ȊȟȍȘȈ ț ȊȈș ȕȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȖ
șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ ǿȍȘȕȖȒȖȗȣȚȖȊȈ Ǵȕȍ
ȗȖȘțȟȐȓȐ, șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ, țȏȕȈȚȤ Ȗ ȋȖȕȖȘȈȘȍ
DzȖȕȚȖȘȡȐȒ șȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȗȖ ȒȕȐȋȍ
— ǵȍ ǿȍȘȕȖȒȖȗȣȚȖȊȈ Ȉ ǿȍȘȕȖȉȣȓȤșȒȖȋȖ
—Ǩȝ ȌȈ ȐȏȊȐȕȐȚȍ
— ǺȈȒ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȈȔ țȋȖȌȕȖ" ǫȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǿȍȘȕȖȉȣȓȤșȒȐȑ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȧȊȐȚȤșȧ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ Ȋ ȋȖȕȖȘȈȘȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ
— Ǩ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȓȐ țȏȕȈȚȤ, șȒȖȓȤȒȖ" Ƕȕ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȗȖȠȓȍȚ
Ȕȍȕȧ ș ȌȖȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ǹȈȔ Ȗȕ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȏȌȖȘȖȊ ǷȖ-ȗȘȐȧ-
ȚȍȓȤșȒȐ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ǻșȓțȋȈ ȏȈ țșȓțȋț Ƕȕ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȣȘțȟȐȓ Ȑ ȧ ȋȖ-
ȚȖȊ ǵț Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȌȈȓȍȍ...
DzȖȕȚȖȘȡȐȒ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȖ ȖȚ-
ȊȍȚȐȓ
— ǷȖ 40 ȒȖȗ ȏȈ șȚȘȖȒț 32 șȚȘȖȒȐ 12 Ș 80 Ȓ ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ȕȍ
ȘȈȕȍȍ ȌȊțȝ
ǿȍȘȕȖȉȣȓȤșȒȐȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȧȔ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȠȍȓȖȔ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȔ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȈ ȔȣșȓȤ ȊȐȕȚȐȓȈ ȔȖȏȋ ©ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȒȈȒ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȞȍȕȧȚ 40 ȒȖȗ ȏȈ șȚȘȖȒț — ȕȍ ȠțȚȒȈª
Ǩ ȕȈȏȈȊȚȘȈ Ȗȕ șȐȌȍȓ ș ȌȊțȝ ȟȈșȖȊ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȊȈȚȖȔ țȋȓț ȒȖȕ-
ȚȖȘȣ Ȑ ȕȈ ȊȖȗȘȖȠȈȦȡȐȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȡȐȒȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗȗț-
șȒȈȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǶȒȖȓȖ ȚȘȍȝ șȚȈȓȐ șȖȉȐȘȈȚȤșȧ șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȒȐ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ șȋȘț-
ȌȐȓȐșȤ ȚȖȓȗȖȑ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȒȈșșȣ Ȑ ȗȘȐȓȈȊȒȈ ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȘȈș-
ȗȐșȣȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȒȕȐȋȍ
ǰȊȈȕț ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟț ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȈȦȡȐȝ
ȏȈ ȎȐȘȕȖȑ șȗȐȕȖȑ șțȌȍȉȕȖȋȖ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘȈ
ǪȌȘțȋ Ȗȕ ȊȍșȤ ȕȈȗȘțȎȐȕȐȓșȧ ǸȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȘȍȏȒȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș
— ǿȍȘȕȖȉȣȓȤșȒȐȑ ǯȈ șȚȐȝȐ ©Dz ȕȍȑª

110
DzȖȕȚȖȘȡȐȒ ȏȈȉȈșȐȓ
— ǪȟȍȘȈ ȏȌȍșȤ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȓ ȖȌȐȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȍȔț ȌȈȌȐ-
Țȍ ȌȖȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ — ȌȈ ȊȖȕ Ȗȕ, Ȋ țȋȓț șȐȌȐȚ
— ǴȈȓȖ ȓȐ ȕȈȑȌȍȚșȧ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȍȑ ǫȖȕȖȘȈȘ ȏȈ Țȍȉȧ ȗȖȓțȟȈȚ
ȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȖȗȤȦȚ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȗȈșȗȖȘȚ
— ǷȖȔȐȓțȑȚȍ Ȕȣ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȊȍȘȐȔ ǹȍȑȟȈș ȊȐȌȕȖ
ǰȊȈȕ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȍȑ ȘțȒȖȦ ȖȡțȗȈȓ ȗȈșȗȖȘȚ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȐȔȍȓ ș șȖȉȖȦ
«ǪȖȚ ȕȈȝȈȓ ǷȖȑȌț șȍȑȟȈș Ȑ țȓȐȟț».
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȚȖȓȗț ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȗȘȖȚȐșȒȐȊȈȚȤșȧ DzȈȒ ȉȣ ȕȍ țȗțș-
ȚȐȚȤ ©ȚȖȋȖª ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȊȣȌȈȊȠȍȋȖ șȍȉȧ ȏȈ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ șȚȐȝȖȊ ©Dz
ȕȍȑª, Ȗȕ ȕȈȋȕȈȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ǹ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȕȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ
ȕȈșȊȐșȚȣȊȈȧ ȊȍșȍȓțȦ ȗȍșȍȕȒț ȚȖȚ ȗȘȣȋȈȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȘȐ șȚțȗȍȕȤ-
ȒȐ
— ǴȐȓȖșȚȐȊȣȑ ȋȖșțȌȈȘȤ ǴȐȓȖșȚȐȊȣȑ ȋȖșțȌȈȘȤ ǬȈ ȖșȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȐȚȍșȤ Ȏȍ
ǵȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ǰȊȈȕ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ
ȗȖȋȐȉ ȉȍȏȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȕȖ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ șȚȖȧȓ ǰȊȈȕ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ ǿȍȘȕȖȉȣȓȤșȒȐȑ ǺȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȉ ȕȈȝȈȓȤȕȖ-ȘȈȏȊȧȏȕȣȑ șȖ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȔȐ
ȎȍșȚȈȔȐ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȘȖȉȖșȚȐ Ȑ țȕȣȕȐȧ Ȋ ȓȐȞȍ
ǰȊȈȕ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȘȍȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȔȍȘȐȓ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ
Ȑ ȜȣȘȒȕțȊ ȏȊȖȕȒȖ ȖȚȟȍȒȈȕȐȓ
— ǿȍȔ ȔȖȋț șȓțȎȐȚȤ"
— ǰȏȊȐȕȐȚȍ ȕȖ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȍȌȖȘȈȏțȔȍȕȐȍ ȧ
ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȒȈȒ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ Ǫȣ ȐȏȊȖȓȐȓȐ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȋȖȕȖȘȈȘ
ȏȈ șȚȐȝȐ
— Ǩ ȊȈȔ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ? ǵȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȓ șȚȐȝȐ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ǪȈș-
ȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȒȈȒ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ș ȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȉȖȒȈ"
ǰȊȈȕ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȕȍșșȧ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȗȖ
ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȗȖșȊȐșȚȣȊȈȧ ȗȍșȍȕȒț
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ țȎȍ ȕȈȝȈȓȤșȚȊȖ ȗȘȍȊȣȠȈȦȡȍȍ ȊșȧȒțȦ ȔȍȘț
ǰȊȈȕ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȚȖȎȍ ȗȖșȒȈȒȈȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȘȐ șȚțȗȍȕȤ-
ȒȐ Ȋ ȗȖȋȖȕȦ ȏȈ ǰȊȈȕȖȔ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟȍȔ ȊȚȖȘȣȔ Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȈȋȕȈȓ
ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȠȊȍȑȞȈȘșȒȖȑ
ǰȊȈȕ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ Ȑ Ƞȓȧȗȍ ș ȚȘȖșȚȤȦ
Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȔȍȓȖȟȤ ȠȊȍȑȞȈȘț
©ǼȖȘșȐȚ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȑª — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ǰȊȈȕ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ

111
ǻ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȈ ȎȌȈȓ ȚȈȒșȖȔȖȚȖȘ ǿȍȘȕȖȉȣȓȤșȒȐȑ-ȊȚȖȘȖȑ
ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȚȊȖȘȐȓ ȌȊȍȘȞț Ȑ ȓȖȊȒȖ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȋ ȒȈȘȍȚț ǷȍȘȍȌ ǿȍȘ-
ȕȖȉȣȓȤșȒȐȔ-ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȖ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ DzȓȍȘȖȊȖȑ
Ƕȕ Ȋȏȧȓ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȗȖȗȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȚȈȒșȖȔȖȚȖȘ Ȑ ȗȖȔȟȈȓșȧ
ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȖȑ ȗȈȘȖȟȒȖȑ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȖȑ ȗȖȚȖ-
Ȕț ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȔț ǿȍȘȕȖȉȣȓȤșȒȖȔț DzȓȍȘȖȊȈ ȕȈȏȕȈ-
ȟȐȓȈ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȍ Ȉ ȕȍ ȥȚȖȔț ȗȘȖȝȊȖșȚț ȈȊȈȕȚȦȘȐșȚț ǨȊȚȖȔȖ-
ȉȐȓȤ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ț ©ǴȍȌȊȍȌȧª.
ǿȍȘȕȖȉȣȓȤșȒȐȑ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȊȣȠȓȈ DzȓȍȘȖȊȈ ȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓ ȒȘțȚȖȑ ȐȏȋȐȉ ȍȍ șȗȐȕȣ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȊȣșȖȒȐȍ ȒȈȉȓțȟȒȐ
ȖȚșȚțȒȐȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȌȘȖȉȕȖ ȗȖ ȚȘȖȚțȈȘț ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ Ƞȓȧȗț Ǩ ȥȚȖȚ
ȕȍȋȖȌȧȑ șȈȔȖȏȊȈȕȍȞ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓ ȍȍ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒț
ǰȊȈȕ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȖȌȖȑȚȐ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Ȑ țȌȈȘȐȚȤ
ȗȖ ȓȐȞț ȕȖ, ȗȖȒȈ șȖȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȗȈȘȈ țȎȍ șȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ȌȊȍȘȤȦ
ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȈ
ǸȍȠȐȓ ȗȖȌȖȎȌȈȚȤ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ȚȈȒșȖȔȖȚȖȘȍ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȟȈș DzȓȍȘȖȊȈ Ȑ ǿȍȘȕȖȉȣȓȤșȒȐȑ-ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȊȣȠȓȐ, ȘȈ-
ȌȖșȚȕȣȍ șȔȍȦȡȐȍșȧ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȝȔȍȓȍȊȠȐȍ
ǹȍȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖȔȟȈȓȐșȤ
ǿȍȘȕȖȉȣȓȤșȒȐȑ-ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ ȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȌȖȋȖȕȧȚȤ, ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȕȈșȚȐȟȤ ȕȍȋȖȌȧȧ Ȑ ȍȍ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕțȦ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ȖȉȔȈȕțȚțȦ
șȝȖȌșȚȊȖȔ
ǶȕȈ ȊȍȌȤ țȊȍȘȍȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ ǿȍȘȕȖȉȣȓȤșȒȐȑ
ǷȈȘȖȟȒȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ ț ȖȌȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȋȖșȚȐȕȐȞȣ ȋȌȍ
ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚ ȗȘȐȦȚ ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ ǰȊȈȕț ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟț ȕȍ
țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȎȌȈȚȤ ǵȖ ȚȈȒșȖȔȖ-
ȚȖȘ Ȗȕ ȖȚȗțșȚȐȓ Ȑ ȝȖȌȐȓ ș ȔȘȈȟȕȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȊȏȈȌ Ȑ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
ȗȖ țȓȐȞȍ ǻȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȊȖȑ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȏȈȔȍ-
ȟȈȕȐȧ
ǮȌȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȟȈșȈ ȚȘȐ DzȓȍȘȖȊȈ ȊȣȠȓȈ ș țșȚȈȓȣȔ
ȚȖȔȕȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ Ȑ ȚȐȝȐȔ șȐȧȕȐȍȔ ȋȓȈȏ ȖȉȌȈȓȈ ǿȍȘȕȖȉȣȓȤ-
șȒȖȋȖ-ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȡȈȓșȧ ș ȕȍȦ
ǹȈȔȖȏȊȈȕȍȞ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȈȕȍȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȒț-
ȘȐȊȈȧ șȐȋȈȘț ȒȈȒ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȌȖȉȐȊȠȐȑșȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ Ȑ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟ-
ȕȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȑ
ǰȊȈȕ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȌȖȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȗȖȌșȒȖȟȐȓ
— ȅȚȖ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȟȍȘȚ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȔȐȓȖșȚȐȊȣȑ ȋȖșțȌȈȘȤ
ǰȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ șȖȏȕȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȖȉȔȈȕȍ

— Ǫȣ ș țȔȈ șȖȠȓȐ Ǫ ȒȈȒȖȔ ȖȉȔȈȕȍ"
—DzȚȖ Ȋȣ ȚȈȒȖȑ"
— ȇ ȕȍ ȖȉȧȏȈȕ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȚȤ
— ǵȍȚ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȣ Ǫȣ ȗȘȐșȊȖȐȓȐ șȍȉȍ ȔȖȍ ȐȔȧ ȔȖȦ ȕȈ-
ȘțȎȕȖșȚȤ
ǹȈȔȖȏȊȈȕȍȞ ȘȈșȝȖȝȖȚȈȓșȧ
—ǬȈ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȔȐȓȍȑȠȐȑ ȗȘȐșȊȖȐȚȤ ȕȈȘțȎȕȖșȚȤ?
ǷȘȖȝȖȌȐȚȍ — Ȋȣ, ȊȍȘȕȖ, ȗȤȧȕȣ
— ǵȍ șȔȍȚȤ ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȐȏȌȍȊȈȚȤșȧ! ǹȓȣȠȐȚȍ ȕȍ șȔȍȚȤ
ȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȦ! Ǫȣ ȕȍ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚȍ Ȋȣ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈ-
ȞȐȧ Ǫȣ — ȟȍȘȚ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ
— ȅȚȖ ȧ-ȚȖ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ" ǽȈ ȝȈ ȝȈ ǵț ȔȐȓȍȑȠȐȑ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȘ-
ȐȏȘȈȒ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ șȍȑȟȈș ȟțȌȕȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ș ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȖȑ
DzȈȒȈȧ ȗȣȓȒȈȧ șȚȘȈșȚȤ DzȈȒ ȖȕȈ țȔȍȍȚ ȓȦȉȐȚȤ! DzȈȒȖȍ ȘȖș-
ȒȖȠȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ǵȍ ȧ ȖȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȔȕȖȋȖȔț ȕȈțȟȐȓȈ ȕȖȊȖȔț
ǿȍȘȕȖȉȣȓȤșȒȐȑ-ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ǿȍȘȕȖȉȣȓȤșȒȖȋȖ-
ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȖ țȌȈȘȐȓșȧ Ȗ ȜȖȕȈȘȕȣȑ șȚȖȓȉ ȓȉȖȔ ǰșȒȘȣ ȗȖ-
șȣȗȈȓȐșȤ Ȑȏ ȋȓȈȏ Ȉ șȈȔȖȏȊȈȕȍȞ șȐȌȍȓ țȎȍ ȕȈ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒȍ
șȔȍȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖșȣȓȈȓ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȍ ȗȖȞȍȓțȐ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ǰȊȈȕ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ șȖȉȘȈȓșȧ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈ-
ȒȐ ȕȈ șȓțȎȉț ǭȋȖ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȗȖȏȊȈȓ șȚȈȘȠȐȑ ȉțȝȋȈȓȚȍȘ
— ǫȌȍ Ȋȣ ȗȘȖȗȈȌȈȓȐ" ǯȈȗȤȧȕșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ" ǷȖȟȍȔț
ȕȍ ȗȘȐșȓȈȓȐ ȗȐșȤȔȈ"
ǿȍȘȕȖȉȣȓȤșȒȐȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȘȖȉȒȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȈșȟȍȚ ȗȘȖ-
șȚțȌȣ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȠȍȑ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ
ǵȖ ȕȍ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȑ șȔȖȓȒ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȉȐȓ ȘȍȏȒȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș ǿȍȘȕȖȉȣȓȤșȒȖȋȖ-ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ
ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȊȏȧȊȠȍȋȖșȧ
— ǵȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȑ ȧ ȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȔț Ȗșȓț ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ ȕȍ
ȎȍȓȈȦ ǻȉȐȘȈȑȚȍșȤ Ȓ ȟȍȘȚț ȇ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕ ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘȖȔ ȗȘȈȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȊȈȠȍ ȔȍșȚȖ Ǩ ȏȈ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȍ ȊȖȚ ȊȈȔ
ǰ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȏȊțȒ ȗȖȡȍȟȐȕȣ
Ǫșȍ ȏȈșțȍȚȐȓȐșȤ ȏȈȉȍȋȈȓȐ
ǿȍȘȕȖȉȣȓȤșȒȐȑ-ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ș ȌȐȒȐȔȐ ȊȖȗȓȧȔȐ ȉȖȘȖȓșȧ ș ȕȍ-
ȊȐȌȐȔȣȔ ȊȘȈȋȖȔ ȒȈȚȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȕȈșȚȐȋȈȧ
—ǵȍȋȖȌȧȑ șȈȔȖȏȊȈȕȍȞ
ǭȋȖ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȚȘțȌȖȔ țȌȈȓȖșȤ șȊȧȏȈȚȤ Ȑ ȖȚȊȍșȚȐ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȕȐȞț Ȍȓȧ țȔȈȓȐȠȍȕȕȣȝ

113
ǴdzǻȇǶǻǮ ǶǹǶ ǵǺdzȍ"
ǴȖȑ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ ; ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȏȈȉȖȓȍȓ ȗȘȐȗȈȌ-
ȒȈȔȐ ȖșȚȘȖȋȖ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ Dz șȟȈșȚȤȦ șȐȓȤȕȈȧ ȕȈȚț-
ȘȈ ȗȖȉȖȘȖȓȈ ȕȍȌțȋ Ȑ ; șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ǰȕȚȍȘȍ-
șțȧșȤ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȕȐȧȔȐ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȝ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȝ ȧ
ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȐȓȐ ȕȈȗȐșȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȟȈȓȈșȤ ȍȋȖ ȉȖ-
ȓȍȏȕȤ Ȑ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ; ȗȘȐșȓȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȌȖ-
ȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȌȓȐȕȕțȦ ȐșȗȖȊȍȌȤ ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȐȚȈȧ ȍȍ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȑ
șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ țȔ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȚȍȘȧȍȚ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ ȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ
ȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȧ Ǫ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȕȈȧ ȜȈȕ-
ȚȈȏȐȧ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȌȐȒȖ-ȗȍșȚȘȣȑ țȏȖȘ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ
ȔȖȋ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȘȈȏȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȚȤ ȥȚȐ ȌȊȍ ȖȉȓȈșȚȐ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȕȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȍȔ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ Ȋ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȕȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȍȔ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ Ȋ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ Ǭȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȖȌȕȖ
ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ Ȑ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȑ ȘțȟȕȈȧ ȏȔȍȧ ȕȖ ȖȚ-
ȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȍȌțȋȖȔ șȚȘȈșȚȐ Ȑ ȉȍȏțȔȐȧ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȔȖȏȋ șȓȐȓ
ȥȚȐ ȌȊȈ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȖȉȘȈȏ ȇ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȌȈȦ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ; ǹȖ șȊȖȍȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ, ȧ ȓȐȠȤ
ȖȉȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȘȈșȚȘȍȗȈȕȕȖȍ ȐȏȓȖȎȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȉȣȊȠȍȋȖ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ
I
ǺȘȐ ȋȖȌȈ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȧ șȕȧȓ Ȋ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȍ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘț ȊȔȍ-
șȚȍ ș ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȍȔ ȚȈȒȐȔ Ȏȍ ȝȖȓȖșȚȧȒȖȔ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȧ Ƕȕ ȏȈȕȧȓ
ȌȊȍ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȖȚ ȗȘȐȝȖȎȍȑ ȧ — ȌȊȍ ȏȈȌȕȐȍ
ǽȖȏȧȑșȚȊȖ ȊȍȓȈ ț ȕȈș șȚȈȘȈȧ ȒțȝȈȘȒȈ ǨȒțȓȐȕȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ
ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȈȧ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȊȠȈȧ ȏȈ ȗȖȊȈȘȈ Ǫ ȍȍ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȌȕȖ
șȖȉȣȚȐȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȊȠȍȍ ȕȍȐȏȋȓȈȌȐȔȣȑ șȓȍȌ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȉȈȉȤȍ șț-
ȡȍșȚȊȖ ǪȣȠȓȈ ȏȈȔțȎ ȏȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ Ȉ ȚȖȚ ȉȘȖșȐȓ Ȑ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ
ȍȍ țȊȍȏ ǶȚ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȕȕȖșȚȐ ȉȈȉȤȍȋȖ șȍȘȌȞȈ șȚȈȓȈ ǨȒțȓȐȕȈ
ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈȔȐ ȏȈȗȐȊȈȚȤ
ǻ ȕȈș ȍȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ Ǫ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ ȚȘȍȏȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ǨȒțȓȐȕȈ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ ȐȌȍȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȒțȝȈȘȒȖȑ Ǩ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȗȐȊȈȓȈ — Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ

114
ȗȘȍȚȍȕȌȖȊȈȓȐ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȍșȚȤ ȗȖ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȈȔ ȒȖȍ-ȒȈȒ șȈȔȐ
șȗȘȈȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ș ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȖȔ
ǷȘȐȟȐȕț șȊȖȍȋȖ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȧ ǨȒțȓȐȕȈ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ Ȋ ȏȓȖȑ ȘȈȏ-
ȓțȟȕȐȞȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȘȐșȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȍȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȑ Ȑ ȘȈ-
ȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ©ȗȖȌȓȖȑª
ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ǨȒțȓȐȕȈ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȔȖȓȖ-
Ȍȣȝ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȝ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȤȧȕȖȔ ȊȐȌȍ ȗȖșȣȓȈȓȈ ȐȔ ȊșȓȍȌ ȕȈ țȓȐ-
Ȟȍ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȕȣȍ ȘțȋȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ
ǹ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȍȔ Ȕȣ ȗȘȖȎȐȓȐ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȋȖȌȈ ȚȖ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȧșȤ
ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ țȝȖȌȖȔ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȦ ȚȖ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȧ Ȋ ȗȖȓȖșț ȖȚ-
ȟȈȧȕȕȖȑ ȉȍșȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ
ǵȖ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȣȋȖȌȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȗȘȖȊȐȕȞȐȦ Ȑ șȗȍȠȕȖ țȍȝȈȓ ȖșȚȈȊȐȊ ȊșȦ șȊȖȦ
ȔȍȉȍȓȤ Ȑ ȖȉȍȡȈȧ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ
ǺțȚ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȕȈ șȞȍȕț ȘȈșȟȍȚȓȐȊȈȧ ǨȒțȓȐȕȈ Ȑ șȚȈȓȈ
Ȕȕȍ ȌȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȐȏȖ Ȍȕȧ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ ȟȚȖ ȌȊȍ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ
ȔȖȎȕȖ șȌȈȚȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȔț ȎȐȓȤȞț
— ǿȚȖȉȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȈȉ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȕȍ ȊȖȌȐȓ
ǴȕȖȋȐȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ǨȒțȓȐȕȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊȍȘȚȍ-
ȓȈșȤ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ Ȑ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ ȌȈȊȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȎȐȓȤȞȣ ȕȍ-
ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡȐȍ ȇ Ȏȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȍȑ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȓșȧ
ȇȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȐȓȐȟȕȖ ȖȌȍȚȣȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ șȔțȋ-
ȓȣȑ — ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȚȐȗȈ ș ȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȔ șȍȘȍȉȘȖȔ Ȋ ȎȍșȚȒȐȝ
ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȖșȈȝ
ǨȒțȓȐȕȍ Ȗȕ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȓșȧ șȘȈȏț șȊȖȍȑ șȖȓȐȌȕȖșȚȤȦ ȕȍ-
ȋȘȖȔȒȐȔ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȈȦȡȐȔ Ȋ ȌțȠț ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȕȍțȓȖ-
ȊȐȔȖȑ ȊȒȘȈȌȟȐȊȖșȚȤȦ Ȋ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȐȐ ș ȓȦȌȤȔȐ ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖ-
șȍȚȐȚȍȓȤ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȧȓȈșȤ Ȓ
ȔȖȍȔț țȝț Ȑ ȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ
— ǶȚȌȈȊȈȑȚȍ ǮȐȓȍȞ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ
ȇ Ȑ ȖȚȌȈȓ ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȤ ȕȍ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȊȔȍ-
șȚȖ ȏȈȌȈȚȒȈ țȗȓȈȚȐȓ ȏȈ ȔȍșȧȞ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȌȍȕȤ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍȍȝȈȓ ǿȍȔȖȌȈȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȍ Ȑȏ ȈȔȍ-
ȘȐȒȈȕșȒȖȑ ȒȖȎȐ ǵȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȊȐȌȕȍȓșȧ ȗȖȓțșȖȘȊȈȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȉȈȋȈȎȕȣȑ ȧȘȓȣȒ ș ȕȈȌȗȐșȤȦ «Calcutta».
ǶȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȗȈșȗȖȘȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȔțȋȓȖȋȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉȘȖȕ-
ȏȖȊȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȘȈȏȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȓ ȇ ȖȎȐȌȈȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȔȖȑ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȐ ȖȒȈȏȈ-

115
ȓȖșȤ Ȏȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ǰȊȈȕ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ ǪȖȘȖȕȖȊ ȇ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȘȈș-
șȔȍȧȓșȧ ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ, ȕȈșȚȘȖȐȓȈ ȊȕȍȠȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȥȚȈ «Calcutta».
ǬȈ Ȑ ȗȖ-ȘțșșȒȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȉȍȏ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȐȕȖ-
șȚȘȈȕȕȖȔ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ
ǪȖȘȖȕȖȊ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȔ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȣȔ șȍȉȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȧȊȐȓ ȉȣȓ
ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȖ ȊȍȎȓȐȊ Ȑ ȓȦȉȍȏȍȕ ș ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȌȕȍȔ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȓ Ȋșȍ
ȉȖȓȤȠȐȑ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋ ǨȒțȓȐȕȣ țȝȖȌȐȓ ȟȈșȚȖ ȕȈ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȖ
ț șȍȉȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓ
ȇ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ș ȕȐȔ șȉȓȐȏȐȚȤșȧ ȕȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȊȍȎȓȐȊȣȑ
șțȝȖȑ ȖȚȗȖȘ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȊȠȐȑ șȘȈȏț Ȋșȍ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȐ
II
ǹȚȖȧȓȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈȧ ȖșȍȕȤ Ǵȍȕȧ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȖ ȏȈ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ȑ ȧ
țȍȝȈȓ ȕȈ ȞȍȓțȦ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ Ȓ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȖșȍȓȐȊȠȐȔ-
șȧ Ȋ ǼȐȕȓȧȕȌȐȐ
ǪȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȖȋȖȘȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈȟȈȊȠȐȔșȧ ȌȖȎȌȍȔ Ȑ ȗȖȌȢȍȏ-
ȎȈȧ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț ȌȖȔț ȧ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ șȚȈȓ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȚȘȍ-
ȊȖȋȈ ȔȖȧ ȊȣȓȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕțȦ ȜȖȘȔț ȕȍ
ȏȈȗȐȓȈ ȓȐ ǨȒțȓȐȕȈ"
ǵȈ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ Ȕȕȍ ȖȚȊȖȘȐȓ ȎȐȓȍȞ ǻȎȍ ȗȖ ȖȌȕȖȔț ȉȍșȗȖ-
ȘȧȌȒț ȞȈȘȐȊȠȍȔț Ȋ ȗȘȐȝȖȎȍȑ ȧ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȗȈșȍȕȐȧ ȔȖȐ
ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȊȍȘȕȣȔȐ
ǨȒțȓȐȕț ȧ ȕȈȠȍȓ Ȋ Ȓțȝȕȍ ǹȐȌȍȓȈ Ȋșȧ ȒȘȈșȕȈȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȉț-
ȚȣȓȒȖȑ ȊȖȌȒȐ Ȑ ȒȖȗȟȍȕȖȑ ȒȖȓȉȈșȖȑ ǵȈȊșȚȘȍȟț Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȓȈșȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȌȖȘȖȊȈȓȈșȤ Ǩ ȕȈ ȔȖȑ țȗȘȍȒ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȏȈȗȓȍ-
ȚȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȧȏȣȒȖȔ
— ǩȈȉȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȈȉȈ ǰ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȏȧȓȈșȤ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȕȍ
ȔȖȋț ǯȊȖȕȒȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȝȖȌȐȓ Ȉ ȖȕȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ Ȋ ȒȖȔ-
ȕȈȚȍ ȗȖȌȓȈȧ șȖȓȖȊȤȍȔ ȏȈȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ
—ǬȈ Țȍȉȍ-ȚȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ"
ǨȒțȓȐȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȚȈȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ȅȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȐ-
ȌȈȓ Ȉ ț ȕȍȋȖ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȉȈȉȈ
— ǬȈ Țȣ, ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ, șȗȤȧȕț ȕȍ șȓȣȝȈȓȈ ȏȊȖȕȒȈ Ȉ Ȗȕ șȈȔ
ȖȚȗȍȘ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȚ șȍȑȟȈș Ȕȕȍ

116
— ǵȍȚ ȇ ȊșȍȋȖ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȐȓȈ Ȉ ȉȈȉȈ ȕȈ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ
ȌȍȕȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ țȍȝȈȓȐ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ǻȚȘȖ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖȗȈȌȈȓ ǷȘȐ-
Ƞȍȓ ȖȌȐȕ Ǩ ȧ ȕȐȒțȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȈ ǶȚȒțȌȈ Ȏȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȈȉȍ
ȊȏȧȚȤșȧ" Ǩ ȖȕȈ ȚțȚ ȒȈȒ ȚțȚ
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ țȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ Ȑ
ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȧ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȗȤȧȕȣȔȐ ȒȖȠȔȈ-
ȘȈȔȐ ǨȒțȓȐȕȣ Ǫ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȎȐȓȤȞȈ ȞȈȘȐȓȈ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ
DzȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȏȈȗȖȧ ǨȒțȓȐȕȣ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ Ȗȉȍ-
ȌȈȚȤ Ȋ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȍ Ȉ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȧ ȗȖȗȈȓ Ȋ ȚȍȈȚȘ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȌȖ-
ȔȖȑ țșȚȈȓȣȑ Ȑ șȘȈȏț ȏȈșȕțȓ
ǵȖȟȤȦ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȚȖȓȟȒȖȔ ǯȈȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȗȐȚȤ.
ǶșȊȍȡȈȧ ȌȖȘȖȋț șȗȐȟȒȈȔȐ, șȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ȒțȝȕȦ ȕȖ, ȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ,
ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȖȔȒȕțȚȤ ȋȓȈȏ ǶȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȊȍȌȤ-
ȔȈ — ȉȍșșȖȕȕȐȞȈ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȚȈȘȈȡȈȚșȧ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȖ
ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȑ șȓțȝ ȓȖȊȐȚ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȍ ȠțȘȠȈȕȐȍ
ǪȌȘțȋ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȎȐȓȤȞȈ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȗȖȓțșȚȖȕȖȔ șȚȘȈșȚ-
ȕȣȑ ȊȏȌȖȝ Ȑ ȧ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ șȘȈȏț ȊșȍȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȔ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ
ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ.
ǷȘȐȗȖȔȕȐȓȐșȤ șȓȖȊȈ ǨȒțȓȐȕȣ ǶȌȖȓȍȓȖ ȕȍȟȐșȚȖȗȓȖȚ-
ȕȖȍ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖ
ȇ ȉȖșȐȒȖȔ ȗȘȖȉȘȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ Ȑ ȗȘȐȓȤȕțȓ țȝȖȔ Ȓ ȌȊȍ-
ȘȐ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȎȐȓȤȞȈ
— ǴȐȓȣȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ
— ǵȍȓȓȐ, ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȔȖȧ
ǬȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖȓȍȚȍȓ ȧșȕȖ ȏȊțȒ ȗȖȞȍȓțȧ
ǹȚȈȓȖ șȖȊȍșȚȕȖ ȏȈ șȊȖȍ ȗȖȌșȓțȠȐȊȈȕȐȍ
DzȈȒȖȍ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ ȌȍȓȦ"
ȇ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȋȕȍȚȖȔ ȓȍȋȓȖ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȈ
ǯȈȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȉȓȐȏȖșȚȐ ȓȈșȒȐ ȓȦȉȧȡȍȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ
ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȟȈșȚȖ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ș ȝȖȓȖșȚȧȒȈȔȐ ǸȈșȗȓȈȚȈ
ȏȈ șȊȖȉȖȌț ȇ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț țȎȍ ȗȘȐȊȣȒ ǷȖȕȍȔȕȖȋț șȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ
țȉȍȌȐȓ șȍȉȧ ȏȈșȕțȚȤ
ǻȚȘȖȔ ȧ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ șȘȖȒ ȗȓȈȚȍȎȈ ȏȈ ȒȖȔȕȈ-
Țț Ȉ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ǷȖșȓȈȓ ǨȒțȓȐȕț Ȓ ȎȐȓȤȞț ǶȕȈ ȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ șțȘȖȊȈȧ Ȑ ȔȘȈȟ-
ȕȈȧ ȖȚ ȊȟȍȘȈȠȕȍȋȖ ȗȤȧȕșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈ șțȕțȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ
— Ǩ ȉȈȘȣȕȧ ȚȈ țȠȓȈ"

117
— ǵȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȉȈȘȣȕȐ ȚȈȔ ȕȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ Ȋȣ ȊȏȌțȔȈȓȐ" ȇ Ȑ Ȋ
șȗȈȓȤȕȦ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȓȈ
— Ǩ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ ȧ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȎȍȕșȒȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș"
—ǪȖȚ ȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȧȉȍȏ ȊȈș șȓȣȝȈȓȈ ȐȌȕȍȔ Ȑ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ Ȉ ȖȚ-
ȒțȌȈ ȊȏȧȓȈșȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ țȝȖȌȐȚ — ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ
ȇ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȎȐȓȍȞ Ȑȏ șȒȘȖȔȕȖșȚȐ ȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȟȐȕȍ șȈȔ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȍȚ Ȑȏ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ șȊȖȦ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȞț Ȑ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ
șȚȈȘȈȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȍȍ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ
ǶȗȧȚȤ-ȚȈȒȐ, ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȗȘȐȟȐȕ Ȕȕȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤșȧ
Ȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȖȑ ȐȕȚȘȐȋȖȑ ȎȐȓȤȞȈ ǵȖ ȧ țȗȖȘȕȖ
Ȑ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓșȧ ǬȈȎȍ, Ȓ șȚȣȌț ȔȖȍȔț șȚȈȓ
ȊȣșȓȍȎȐȊȈȚȤ ȕȖ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ Ǩ ȎȍȕșȒȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș
ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȖ șȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ Ȑ ȘȈȏȈ ȌȊȈ ȐȓȐ ȚȘȐ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȟțȌȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȌȕȍȔ
Ǭȕȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ ǨȒțȓȐȕȈ țȎȍ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȖȚȘȍȏȊȐȊ-
ȠȈȧșȧ ȊȖȠȓȈ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ș ȧȊȕȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȐȍȔ Ȓ
ȎȐȓȤȞț ȖȗȖȊȍșȚȐȓȈ
— ǺȖȚ ȊȈș Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȖșȐȚ
ǪȖȘȖȕȖȊ șȐȌȍȓ ȏȈ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȣȔ șȚȖȓȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȓ
ȕȍȔț ȗȘȍȌȊȈȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖșȚțȟȈȊȠȐșȤ
ǷȘȖșȤȉȈ ȎȐȓȤȞȈ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȗȘȖșȚȖȑ ǸȈȕȍȍ Ȗȕ ȕȍ
ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓșȧ ț ȕȈș șȚȖȓȖȔ Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȊȖȗȘȖ-
șȖȔ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȏȈȧȊȐȓ ȟȚȖ, Ȋ șȓțȟȈȍ ȔȖȍȋȖ șȖȋȓȈșȐȧ
ȖȉȍȌ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȚȤ ©ȕȈ ȌȊȖȐȝª
— Dz ȊȈȔ ȉțȌȍȚ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚȤ"
— ǬȈ ȖȌȕȈ ȔȖȧ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȞȈ ǪȐȌȐȚȍ ȥȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȈȓȤ-
ȕȧȧ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȞȈ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕț, șȓȖȊȖȔ ȖȕȈ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȎȐȚȤ ȏȌȍșȤ
Ǫșȧ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ șȘȈȏț ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ ǹȈȔȣȑ ȖȉȣȌȍȕȕȣȑ ȘȖ-
ȔȈȕ ȝȖȓȖșȚȖȋȖ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȧ Ȉ ȚȈȔ Ȑ șȖȎȐ-
ȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȍ Ȑ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ǷȘȐȏȕȈȦșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȥȚȖ ȘȈȏȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȓȖ ǷȍȘȍȌ țȝȖȌȖȔ
ȧ ȓȍȕȐȊȖ ȖȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȍȘȍȍȏȌȈ ȎȐȓȤ-
ȞȈ ȉȣȓ ȊșȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȈ ȚȘȐ Ȑ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ
ȕȐȏȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȒȘțȋȓȣȑ șȚȖȓȐȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǵȈ
ȕȍȔ șȚȖȧȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȊȣșȖȒȖȍ, ȚȖȎȍ ȒȘțȋȓȖȍ Ȉ șȊȍȘȝț
ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈȉȘȖȠȍȕȈ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȈȧ ȉȍȓȈȧ ȚȒȈȕȤ

118
ǹȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȖȌȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȍȔȣȑ ȟȤȍȑ-ȚȖ ȟțȎȖȑ ȊȓȈșȚȕȖȑ ȊȖȓȍȑ,
ȧ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȑ șȌȍȘȕțȓ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȖ ǪȖȘȖȕȖȊ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȑ șȌȍ-
ȓȈȓ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȔȖȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț ǵȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ǪȍșȤ șȖȚȘȧ-
șȈȧșȤ ȖȚ țȎȈșȈ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȧ șȐȓȣ ȌȊȐȕțȚȤșȧ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȟȓȍȕȖȔ
ȧ șȚȖȧȓ ȊȗȍȘȐȊ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȋ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ șȒȘȣȊȈȓȈ ȗȖȌ șȖȉȖȦ ȉȍȓȈȧ
ȠȍȓȒȖȊȈȧ ȚȒȈȕȤ ǰȏ ȒȘțȋȓȖȑ, ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȑ șȊȍȘȝț ȒȓȍȚȒȐ ȔȍȌ-

119
ȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȈșȤ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȤȕȈȧ ȏȔȍȐȕȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ș ȉȣșȚȘȖ
ȔȍȓȤȒȈȦȡȐȔ Ȑȏ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣȝ ȋțȉ ȎȈȓȖȔ Ǫșȍ ȊȣȠȍ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȔ ȡȐȚȖȔ ȘȈȏȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ Ƞȍȑȕȣȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȕ-
ȒȐ Ȉ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȈșȤ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȈ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȐȕȖȋȖ
ȚȍȓȈ ǰ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȘȈȏȌȈȓȖșȤ ȏȓȖȉȕȖȍ ȠȐȗȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ
ȖȚȖȘȊȈȚȤ ȊȏȖȘȈ ȖȚ ȏȔȍȐȕȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ ȚțșȒȓȖ ȋȖȘȧȡȐȝ ȒȘȈșȕȖȊȈ-
ȚȣȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȇ ȉȣȓ șȒȖȊȈȕ ȗȖ ȘțȒȈȔ Ȑ ȗȖ ȕȖȋȈȔ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȔȍȘȚȕȖȑ ȚȖșȒȍ ȎȌȈȓ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȘȖșȐȚșȧ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȍ ȗȘȍșȔȣȒȈȦȡȍȍșȧ
— ǻșȗȖȒȖȑȚȍșȤ ȅȚȖ ȔȖȧ ȓȦȉȐȔȐȞȈ ǵȍȓȓȐ ȐȕȌȐȑșȒȈȧ
ȒȖȉȘȈ ȇ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ ȍȍ Ȑȏ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȗȖȍȏȌȒȐ ȊȖȒȘțȋ șȊȍȚȈ ǶȕȈ
șȖȊșȍȔ ȘțȟȕȈȧ Ȑ șȓțȠȈȍȚșȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ
ǪȖȘȖȕȖȊ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȘțȒț Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȊ ȕȈ ȕȍ-
ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȔ Ȕȕȍ ȧȏȣȒȍ DzȖȉȘȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȊ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚ ȋȐȗȕȖȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈ ȗȖȚȧȕț-
ȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȘțȒȍ ǪȖȘȖȕȖȊȈ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȖ ȖȉȊȐȓȈ ȍȍ Ȑ ȊȍȘȠȖȒ ȏȈ ȊȍȘȠ-
ȒȖȔ șȚȈȓȈ ȊȣȚȧȋȐȊȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ȒȓȍȚȒȐ șȊȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ǪȖȚ Ȑ Ȋșȧ ȊȣȠ-
ȓȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȍȝȊȈȚ Ȑ ȕȍȘȊȕȖ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȑ ȚȖȕ-
ȒȐȑ ȝȊȖșȚ.
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈ ȗȖ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȦ ș
ȚȍȔȐ ȖȟȒȖȊȣȔȐ ȏȔȍȧȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȕȕȍ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ țȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȊȐ-
ȌȍȚȤ Ȋ ȏȊȍȘȐȕȞȍ
DzȖȉȘȈ ș ȘțȒȐ ȗȍȘȍȠȓȈ ȕȈ ȠȍȦ ȖȉȊȐȓȈșȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȕȍȍ ȌȊȖȑ-
ȕȣȔ ȒȖȓȤȞȖȔ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȗȘȐȎȈȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȋțȉȈȔ ǪȖȘȖȕȖȊȈ Ƕȕ
ȍȍ ȕȍȎȕȖ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ
— ǪȐȌȐȚȍ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȘțȟȕȈȧ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȓȦȉȐȚ Ȕȍȕȧ Ǫ ȔȖȍȔ șȦȘ-
ȚțȒȍ ȊȠȐȚ ȌȈȎȍ ȖșȖȉȣȑ ȒȈȘȔȈȕ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȕȈ ȟȈșȚȖ ȏȈȉȐ-
ȘȈȍȚșȧ
ǰ ȒȖȉȘȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ȓȈȞȒȈȕ șȦȘȚțȒȈ
ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ ȗȖȌ ȖȌȍȎȌȖȑ Ȉ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȍ Ȋȣșț-
ȕțȓȈ șȊȖȦ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȤȕțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊȒț ș ȔȖȓȕȐȍȕȖșȕȣȔ ȎȈȓȖȔ
— Ǫȣ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ ȕȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȚȍșȤ ǵȍȓȓȐ ȕȐ Ȍȓȧ ȒȖȋȖ
ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ țȝȖȎț ȚȖ ȉȍȘț ȍȍ ș șȖ-
ȉȖȑ ȐȓȐ ȏȈȗȐȘȈȦ Ȋ ȒȓȍȚȒț ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȍȑ ȕȍ ȊȣȉȘȈȚȤșȧ
ǪȖȘȖȕȖȊ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȗȖȔțȚȐȊȠȐȔșȧ
ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ
— ǬȈ Ȑ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ șȒȖȘȖ ȊșȍȔț ȥȚȖȔț ȉțȌȍȚ ȒȖȕȍȞ Ǵȕȍ ȕȈ-
ȌȖȍȓȖ ȥȚȖ ȊȍȟȕȖȍ șȒȘȣȊȈȕȐȍ

120
ȇ țȠȍȓ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȚȖ ȚțȔȈȕȍ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȖșȔȣșȓȐȊȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓ Ȑ șȓȣȠȈȓ ǰ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȓȖ-
ȋȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȊȣȊȖȌȣ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȇ țȠȍȓ ȌȈȎȍ țșȗȖȒȖȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ǵț ȏȔȍȧ ȚȈȒ ȏȔȍȧ ǷțșȚȤ ȞȍȓțȍȚșȧ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȏȔȍȍȑ ǵȍȓ-
ȓȐ ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ DzȈȒȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ" ǷȘȖșȚȖ ȐȕȌȐȑșȒȈȧ ȒȖȉȘȈ
ǰ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȈȧ: ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȊȣȚȍȘȗȍȚȤ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍ-
ȕȐȍ Ȓ Ƞȍȍ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ ȏȔȍȐȕȖȑ ȒȖȎȐ"
— ǩȘȘ
III
ȇ șȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȎȐȓȤȞȈ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȍȋȖ ȖȚșțȚșȚ-
ȊȐȧ ǵȈ ȕȐȏȒȖȑ șȖȜȍ Ȋ ȓȍȋȒȖȔ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȖȔ ȒȈȗȖȚȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȊ
ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȈ șȖȋȕțȚțȦ Ȋ ȓȖȒȚȍ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕțȦ ȘțȒț ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȏȈȗȖȓȖȕȐȊȠȈȧ ȏȈ ȥȚȐ ȌȕȐ
Ȋșȍ ȔȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖȑ ȔȍȟȚȖȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȚȖ șȖ-
ȊșȍȔ ȉȓȐȏȒȈ Ȓ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȓȍȕȐȦ ȚȖ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ ȌȈȓȍ-
ȒȖȑ ȕȍȌȖȗțșȚȐȔȖȑ
ǭȓȍȕȈ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȖȊȕȈ ǩȈȘșȖȊȈ ȊȖȚ țȎȍ ȌȊȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ
ȗȍȘȍȍȝȈȓȈ Ȓ ȔȖȍȔț ȎȐȓȤȞț Ǵȣ ș ȕȍȦ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȖȕȈ
Ȋ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȐ ǪȖȘȖȕȖȊȈ ȗȘȖșȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȒȖȋ-
ȌȈ ©ȔțȎª țȝȖȌȐȚ Ȑ ȍȑ ȚȈȒ șȒțȟȕȖ ǪȖȘȖȕȖȊ țșȔȍȝȈȧșȤ ȗȖȌ
ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȐșȚȣȔȐ țșȈȔȐ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȓ ȗȘȖșȤȉț ©Ȏȍȕȣª
ǰ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȧ ȗȘȐȒȖȊȈȕ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ǷȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȧșȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȉȍȏȘȈș-
șțȌșȚȊȖ ȔȍȟȚȣ ǹȓȣȠț ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ ȠȍȗȖȚ ȗȖȞȍȓțȐ șȚȘȈșȚ-
ȕȣȍ ȊȏȌȖȝȐ ǩȍȏțȔȕȖ ȔțȟȈȦșȤ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȖȔ Ȑ ȘȍȊȕțȦ ȉȍȏȖ
ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȈ DzȐȌȈȦșȤ ȕȈ ȖȌȐȕȖȒțȦ ȝȖȓȖȌȕțȦ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ ȋȖ-
ȘȤȒȖ ȘȣȌȈȦ șȚȐșȒȐȊȈȧ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ȗȖȌțȠȒț ǷȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȊȍșȤ șȔȣșȓ
ȓȐȟȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǷȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȖȝȖȚț ȎȐȚȤ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȉȍȏ
ȖȉȓȈȌȈȕȐȧ ǵȍȓȓȐ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖȑ
ǰ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȓ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȍ Ȑ
ȕȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ ȥȚȖ ȊȓȈșȚȕȖȍ ȗȖȘȈȉȖȡȍȕȐȍ
ȊșȍȋȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȍȦ
DzȈȒ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȥȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ" ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ș ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȔȐȕț-
Țȣ ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȈ
ǰ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȕȈ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ, Ȋșȧ ȖȉȓȐȚȈȧ ȚȖȕȒȐȔ

121
ȠȍȓȒȖȔ ȕȍ șȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȔ ȜȖȘȔ ȍȍ ȚȍȓȈ Ȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔȐ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȚȧȋȐȊȈȧ Ȓ
șȍȉȍ.
ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȗȘȖȟȍșȚȤ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȖȒȕȈ ș
ȖȗțȡȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȠȚȖȘȈȔȐ șȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȚȈȑȕț ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ Ȍȍ-
ȓȈȍȚșȧ ȚȈȔ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ, ȚȈȔ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȖ țȉ-
ȘȈȕȕȈȧ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȦȡȈȧ șȗȈȓȤȕȧ ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ, ȚȍȔȕȈȧ
șȣȘȈȧ ȚȦȘȤȔȈ ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ, ȚȈȔ ȎȌȍȚ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍ-
ȕȐȍ ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ, ȚȈȔ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȍȚșȧ țȉȐȑșȚȊȖ
ǶȕȈ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ Ȑ ȧ șȔȖȚȘȦ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȖȌȧ ȋȓȈȏ Ȑ ȖȉȈ Ȕȣ ȔȖȓ-
ȟȐȔǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȗȖȌ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȣȔ ȒȈȗȖȚȖȔ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ ȋȘțȌȤ
Ȑ Ȑȏ ȗȖȓțȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȋȖ ȘȚȈ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ ȊȏȌȖȝ
ǯȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ
— ǭșȓȐ ȉ Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ Ȕȕȍ ȎȐȚȤ Ƕȕ ȗȖȘȈȉȖ-
ȚȐȓ ȔȖȦ ȊȖȓȦ Ƕȕ ȌȍȘȎȐȚ Ȕȍȕȧ, ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȗȓȍȕț ȇ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȓȦ
ȍȋȖ ȧ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȎț ǩțȌȤ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚ ǵȖ ȧ ȕȍ Ȋ șȐȓȈȝ ȉȖ-
ȘȖȚȤșȧ ȇ ȟȈșȚȖ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ — ȋȐȗȕȖȚȐȏȍȘ Ȑ ȊȖ ȏȓȖ țȗȖȚȘȍȉ-
ȓȧȍȚ șȊȖȦ șȐȓț ǵȍȌȈȘȖȔ Ȗȕ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȗȖ ǪȖșȚȖȒț Ƕȕ
Ȕȕȍ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȍȕ ȒȈȒ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ ǫȘțȉȣȑ șȓȈȌȖșȚȘȈșȚȕȐȒ
ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȓȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȐȚȤșȧ ȊȖȓȍ ȒȈȒȖ-
ȋȖ-ȚȖ ȈȊȈȕȚȦȘȐșȚȈ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤ ȔțȎȈ ȌȍȚȍȑ ǺȈȒ ȔȈȓȖ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ
ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ șȖȠȓȐșȤ, Ȑ ȧ țȎȍ țșȗȍȓȈ țȏȕȈȚȤ
ȍȋȖ ȊșȍȋȖ ǻȏȕȈȚȤ Ȑ ȊȖȏȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȚȤ
ǰ ȧ țȔȖȓȧȦȡȐȔ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȍȑ
— ǩȘȖșȤȚȍ ȍȋȖ Ǫȣ ȊȍȌȤ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȊȈș ȓȦȉȓȦ
ǶȕȈ ȍȌȊȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ țȓȣȉȈȍȚșȧ ȖȌȕȐȔȐ ȋțȉȈȔȐ ȕȖ ȖȋȘȖȔ-
ȕȣȍ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȔȖȚȘȧȚ ș ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȖȑ ȚȖșȒȖȑ
— ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ șȖȊșȍȔ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ǵȖ ȘȈșșȚȈȚȤșȧ ș ȕȐȔ ȧ
ȕȍ Ȋ șȐȓȈȝ Ƕȕ ȌȍȘȎȐȚ Ȕȍȕȧ — ȟȍȔ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ — ȕȖ ȌȍȘȎȐȚ
ȒȘȍȗȒȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȚ Ȑȏ ȒȖȋȚȍȑ
— dzȦȉȐȚȍ ȓȐ Ȋȣ Ȕȍȕȧ"
— ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ǫȣ Ȕȕȍ șȐȔȗȈȚȐȟȕȣ Ǫȣ — ȝȖ-
ȘȖȠȐȑ ȌȖȉȘȣȑ ȟȍșȚȕȣȑ ǵȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ǵȖ ț ȊȈș ȕȍȚ ȚȖȑ șȐ-
ȓȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȕȧȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǰ ȧ țȝȖȌȐȓ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ ȖȉȍșȒțȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȍ țȔȍȦȡȐȑ Ȍț-
ȔȈȚȤ ȕȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ, ȒȘȖȔȍ ȕȍȍ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦȡȐȑ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȒȈ-
ȒȐȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȚȤ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ șȓȖȊȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȕȈ șȚȈ-

122
ȓȈ ȔȖȍȦ Ȑ Ȑșȟȍȏ ȉȣ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȏȈȒȓȐ-
ȕȈȚȍȓȧ ȏȔȍȑ
Ǫ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȊȍșȤ
ȐȏȕȣȊȈȓ ȖȚ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȊșȚȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ ȊȖ
ȊȍșȤ ȘȖșȚ ȊȓȈșȚȕȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȚȧȕțȚȤ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȒȖȓȍȉȓȦȡțȦșȧ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕț Ȑ țȊȍșȚȐ ȍȍ Ȑȏ ȓȖȋȖȊȈ ȕȍȋȖȌȧȧ ȧ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ țșȓȣ-
ȠȈȓ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖșȍ ȍȍ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȖȚȚȍȕȖȒ Ȑ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȔȖȍ șȓȈȌȒȖ ȏȈȕȣ-
ȓȖ
— DzȈȒ Ȕȕȍ ȎȈȓȒȖ ȊȈș ȔȐȓȣȑ ȇ ȊȐȎț ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȔțȟȈȍȚȍșȤ
ǰ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȓȖ ȗȖȌ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ șȐȕȧȒȐ Ǫȣ șȈȔȐ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ
ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȐ ǰ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȈ ȧ ȉȍȌȕȈȧ ǹȚȈȚȤ ȔȍȎȌț ȌȊț-
Ȕȧ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈȔȐ — ȥȚȖ țȎȈșȕȖ Ǵȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȎȈȓȒȖ ȊȈș Ǵȕȍ ȒȈ-
ȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȝ ȧ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȉȣ ȊȈș ȗȖ-
ȓȦȉȐȚȤ ȉȣȚȤ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȑ Ǵȕȍ ȐȕȖȑ ȘȈȏ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȧ Ȑ
șȍȑȟȈș ȊȈș ȓȦȉȓȦ ȕȖ ȔȍȠȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ țȎȈșȕȖȍ ȓȍȎȈȡȍȍ Ȋȕȍ
ȔȖȍȑ ȊȖȓȐ ǩȍȌȕȣȑ ȔȖȑ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ țȔȖȓȧȦȡȍ șȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ȕȈ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȊȈȠ ȒțȔȐȘ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ ȌȖșȚȖȐȕ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȖ-
ȎȈȕȐȧ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȚȈȒȖȍ
ǰ ȖȕȈ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ șȗȐȕț ȏȈȝȖȝȖȚȈȓȈ ȘȍȏȒȐȔ ȉȍș-
șȚȣȌȕȣȔ șȔȍȝȖȔ șȚȐȘȈȧ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȍȎȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȟțȊșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȕȕȣȝ șȓȖȊ
ȇ ȍȌȊȈ țȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȍȍ ǽȐȡȕȣȑ ȖșȒȈȓ ȏțȉȖȊ ǹȚȘȈșȚȕȖ-ȗȤȧ-
ȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊȈȒȝȈȕȒȐ ȚȘȍȗȍȡțȡȐȍ ȕȖȏȌȘȐ ǩțȘȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚ-
șȧ ȗȖȓțȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȋȘțȌȤ
Ǵȍȕȧ ȚȖȟȕȖ țȌȈȘȐȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ǫȖȘȧȟȈȧ ȊȖȓȕȈ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȉȘȖ-
șȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȔȖȏȋ Ȑ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȘȈșȒȈȓȧȧ Ȋșȍ ȕȈ ȗțȚȐ șȊȖȍȔ
șȚȈȓȈ ȘȈȏȓȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖ Țȍȓț
ǷȘȖșȕțȓșȧ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ-ȏȊȍȘȤ ȇ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȏȈȉȣȊ ȖȉȖ
ȊșȍȔ ȖȌțȘȔȈȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȖȌȕȖȦ ȎȈȎȌȖȦ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȕȐȧ ȀȍȓȒȖȊȐ-
șȚȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ ȔȖȦ ȠȍȦ Ǵȍȕȧ ȖȎȋȓȖ ȖȋȕȍȔ ȗȖȞȍȓțȧ
ȇ ȖȡțȡȈȓ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȋȐȉȒȖȍ țȗȘțȋȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȇ țȎȍ ȖȊȓȈȌȍ-
ȊȈȓ ȍȦ ȔțȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȉȈȘȣȊȈȧ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȍȕȐȍ...
ǸȍȏȒȈȧ ȉȖȓȤ Ȋ Ƞȍȍ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȟȕțȚȤșȧ ȇ ȗȖȓțȓȍ-
ȎȈȓ ȕȈ șȖȜȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ țȎȈșȖȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȋ ȚțșȒȓȖ șȊȍ-
ȚȧȡȐȍșȧ ȒȘȈșȕȖȊȈȚȣȔ ȖȋȖȕȤȒȖȔ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȒȖȉȘȣ ǺȘȍțȋȖȓȤȕȈȧ
ȋȖȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȧȋȠȐȑșȧ ȡȐȚ ȚȖ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȔȖȍȔț ȓȐȞț,
ȚȖ ȖȚȌȈȓȧȓȐșȤ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ, Ȑ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȋțȉȣ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȖ
ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȚȘȍȗȍȡțȡȍȍ ȎȈȓȖ ǶȕȈ ȖȉȊȐȓȈșȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȋȘțȌȐ.

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ȇ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȍȍ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ǶȕȈ țȎȍ țȒțșȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ǻȒțșȐȚ Ȑ ȍȡȍ Ȑ
ȍȡȍ ǻȎȈș ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȧ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ șȒȖȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ
șȐȓȐȓșȧ ȒȘȐȒȕțȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ
—ǪȖȚ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȔȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȖȗȈșȕȖ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ șȖ ȏȔȍȧ-
ȔȐ ȕȍ țȔȍȧ Ȑȝ țȒȘȖȡȈȚȤ
ǫȖȓȖș ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȣȑ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȑ
— ǵȍȓȓȐ ȐȌȐ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ, ȕȍȋȖȌȕȐȞȈ DzȈȒ Țȣ șȔȍȓȈ țȒțșȐȚȤ
ȔȖȍȋȖ ȌȘțȋȈ
DzȖȉȘȈ ȗȖșȓțȠȕȖ ȗȖȗȖȓȏȓȈ ȗȖ ȘțȒȍ ǪȖȘȖȕȖȊȈ Ȑ șȗȘȧȚȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ȓȈȞȒȈȕȖȔ ȍȋȖ șȦȘȚțȒȈ
—ǵȈȌȖ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ ȊȈȔ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȔȖȑ ǹ ȧȌȖȔ ȒȖȉ-
Șȣ ȠțȚȐȚȤ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ǰ ȧ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȉȣ ȒȚȖ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ǷȍȚȍȘ-
ȉțȘȋȍ ȐȏȉȈȊȐȓ ȉȣ ȊȈș ȖȚ ȕȍȔȐȕțȍȔȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ, ȒȘȖȔȍ Ȕȍȕȧ

ǪȖȘȖȕȖȊ ȌȖșȚȈȓ ȉȈȕȖȟȒț ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȔȈȏȐ ǷȘȖȔȣȓ ȘȈȕț
ȕȈ Ƞȍȍ ǵȈȓȖȎȐȓ ȗȖȊȧȏȒț Ǫ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ șȚȈȒȈȕȍ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓ
ȗȐȚȤȍ Ȑ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȒțș ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȊȣȗȐȚȤ
Ǵȍȕȧ țȓȖȎȐȓȐ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ DzȈȒ șȒȊȖȏȤ șȖȕ, ȧ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȊȖȘ-
ȒȖȚȕȦ ǨȒțȓȐȕȣ
— ǫȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȉȈȉȈ ǩȈȉȈ Ȑ ȍșȚȤ ǿȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȕȐȝ ȎȌȈȚȤ ȗț-
ȚȍȊȖȋȖ ǶȉȔȈȕ ȖȌȐȕ ǪȍȘȚȐȚșȧ ȓȈșȚȐȚșȧ ȏȈȔȈȕȐȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ȌȈ Ȑ ȗȖȋțȉȐȚ
ǷȐȚȤȍ ȌȈȕȕȖȍ Ȕȕȍ ǪȖȘȖȕȖȊȣȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓȖ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ ȚȍȓȖ ȔȖȍ ȗȖȒȘȣȓȖșȤ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ
ȐșȗȈȘȐȕȖȑ Ȑ ȧ ȓȍȎȈȓ Ȋ ȔȖȒȘȣȝ ȗȘȖșȚȣȕȧȝ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȋȖȘȧ-
ȟȍȑ ȊȈȕȕȍ ǷȘȐȏȕȈȒȐ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ ȕȖ ȧ șȐȓȤȕȖ Ȗș-
ȓȈȉȍȓ Ȑ ȏȈșȕțȓ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȔ șȕȖȔ
ǪȖ șȕȍ ȓȐ ȐȓȐ ȕȈȧȊț — ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȘȖșȣȗȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ȎȈȎȌȣ
— ȧ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȗȖȔȕȦ ȟȚȖ Ȓ ȐȏȋȖȓȖȊȤȦ ȔȖȍȑ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ȗȖȌ-
ȝȖȌȐȓȈ ǭȓȍȕȈ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȖȊȕȈ ȋȓȈȌȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȖșȐȓȈ Ȓ ȋțȉȈȔ ȖșȊȍȎȈȦȡȍȍ ȗȐȚȤȍ Ȑ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ, Ȋ ȌțȠț ȗȘȖȕȐ-
ȒȈȦȡȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ
— ǴȐȓȣȑ — ȒȈȒ Ȕȕȍ Țȍȉȧ ȎȈȓȒȖ Ǻȣ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ
ȚȈȒ ȓȦȉȐȠȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ǵȖ ț Țȍȉȧ ȕȍȚ șȐȓȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȏȧȚȤ ȉȍȌȕȣȑ
ȔȖȑǷȖȔȕȦ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȍȍ ȋțȉ ȒȖ ȓȉț Ȑ ȍȍ ȏȔȍȐșȚȣȑ șȚȈȕ
ȗȖȌ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȣȔ ȒȈȗȖȚȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȚȐȝȖ țȌȈȓȧȓȈșȤ ǶȉȍȘȕț-
ȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȧȝ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȞȍȓțȑ ȘțȒȖȦ
ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȧ ȊșȚȈȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȑ ǪȖ-
ȘȖȕȖȊ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ, Ȑ ȏȈȧȊȐȓ
ȟȚȖ Ȓ șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȦ ȗȖ ȕȍȗȘȍȌȊȐȌȍȕȕȣȔ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȔ Ȗȕ
ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȍȝȈȚȤ ǸȈșȗȓȈȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘț Ȑ
șȚȖȓ ȡȍȌȘȖ ȌȈȓ ȕȈ ȟȈȑ ǨȒțȓȐȕȍ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȡȈȕȐȍ
ȋȖȘȧȟȖ ȎȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȘțȒț
ȇ șȓȍȌȐȓ Ȑȏ ȖȒȕȈ ȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȢȍȏȌȖȔ ǵȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ș
ȕȐȔ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ǵȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈȝ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓșȧ ȚȖȕȒȐȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȍȍ Ȍț-
ȝȖȊ Ȉ Ȋ șȗȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȖȌ ȒȘȍșȓȖȔ ǨȒțȓȐȕȈ ȕȈȠȓȈ ȚȖȕȒțȦ Ȏȍȕ-
șȒțȦ ȘțȉȈȠȒț ȊșȦ ȖȚȌȍȓȈȕȕțȦ ȒȘțȎȍȊȈȔȐ"
_____

ǰ ȧ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȒȚȖ ȚȈȒȈȧ ǵȍȓȓȐ ȏȔȍȧ șȐȓȖȦ
ȕȍșȓȣȝȈȕȕȣȝ ȟȈȘ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȍȕȕȈȧ Ȋ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ȐȓȐ ȎȍȕȡȐ-
ȕȈ, șȗȖșȖȉȕȈȧ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȏȔȍȦ"

126
ǰdzDzȊǺǮ
I
ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘ ǷȖȓȧȕșȒȐȑ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȊȈȋȖȕȈ ș ȗȓȍ-
ȌȖȔ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȐȔ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕȖȔ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȕȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȏȈȝȖȓțșȚ-
ȕȖȑ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ
ǷȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȏȈȉȐȘȈȓșȧ Ȗȕ Ȋ șȈȔțȦ ȋȓțȠȤ ǸȖșșȐȐ
Ȑ ș țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓșȧ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ǺȖȚȟȈș ȏȈ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȌȖ-
ȘȖȎȕȣȔȐ ȏȌȈȕȐȧȔȐ șȗȓȖȠȕȖȑ șȚȍȕȖȑ șȚȖȧȓ ȓȍș ǴȘȈȟȕȖȑ
șȐȕȍȊȈȚȖȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȤȦ ȖȚȓȐȊȈȓȐ ȔȖȋțȟȐȍ șȖșȕȣ Ȑ ȍȓȐ ǰ ȕȈ
ȌțȠȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖșȒȓȐȊȖ Ȑ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖ Ȑ ȎȈȓȒȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȖȋȖ
ȊȈȋȖȕȈ
ǷȖȓȧȕșȒȐȑ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ șȍȌȖȔț șȚȈȕȞȐȖȕȕȖȔț șȚȖȘȖȎț
— ǮȌțȚ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ ȗȖȔȍȡȐȒȈ ǵȈȒȘȈșȐȕȈ"
— ǨȓȐ șȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ" — ȉțȘȒȕțȓ șȍȘȌȐȚȖ șȚȈȘȐȒ țȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȧ ȘțȒȖȑ ȕȈ ȗȖșȣȗȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȍșȖȟȒȖȔ șȚȈȕȞȐȖȕȕȣȑ ȌȊȖ-
ȘȐȒ ȋȌȍ ȗȈȘȈ ȘȖșȓȣȝ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ ȏȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȚȍȓȍȎȒț
ȗȖȏȊȈȕȐȊȈȓȈ ȉțȉȍȕȟȐȒȈȔȐ
DzțȟȍȘ ȚȖȎȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ șȚȈȘȐȒȖȔ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȔ ȕȍȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ-
ȟȐȊȣȔ
ǯȈȝȖȓțșȚȤȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȖ ȕȍȋȖșȚȍȗȘȐȐȔȕȖ Ȑ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ ǷȖ-
ȓȧȕșȒȖȋȖ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ ȚȖșȒȓȐȊȍȑ
ǭȝȈȓȐ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȖ ȗȘȖșȍȒȍ ǬȖȘȖȋȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȚȊȘȈ-
ȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ǶȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ ǴȍșȚȈȔȐ — ȗȍșȖȒ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ
ȊȧȏȓȐ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ ǴȍșȚȈȔȐ — ȗȕȐ Ȑ ȒȖȘȕȐ dzȐȠȤ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȠȓȐ
ȓȖȠȈȌȐ ȠȈȋȖȔ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȊȣȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘ ǯȌȍșȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȐȌȕȖ
țȎȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȓ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ-ȓȍș ǯȍȔȓȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȘȈșȗȈȝȈȕȈ
ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ǸȖȎȤ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ țȎȍ ȒȖȓȖșȐȚȤșȧ ǵȍ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ȊȖȏȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȔ ȗȖȓȍ DzȘȈșȕȍȓ ȉȈȉȐȑ
ȗȓȈȚȖȒ ǶȚȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȌȖȓȍȚȈȓ ȉȍȏȣșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȖȚȐȊ ȗȍșȕȐ
ǹȍȘȣȔ ȒȖȔȖȔ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋț șȖȉȈȒȈ ǹȚȈȓȖ Ȋȍșȍȓȍȑ
Ǩ ȚȈȔ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȊȢȍȝȈȓȐ Ȋ ȓȍș ȕȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȋțșȚȖȑ ǬȖ-
ȘȖȋȈ ȠȓȈ ȗȖ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȖȏȍȘȈ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȊȠȍȋȖ șȒȊȖȏȤ

127
ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȋȓȈȌȤȦ
— ǺțȚ-ȚȖ ȏȈ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȖȔ Ȑ țșȈȌȤȉȈ ȉȈȘșȒȈȧ — șȖȉȓȈȋȖ-
ȊȖȓȐȓ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȒțȟȍȘ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȍ țșȚȈ
ǬȖȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȕȖ ȗȖșȚȘȖȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ șȚȈȘȖ-
ȉȈȘșȒȖȔ șȚȐȓȍ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȖȏȍȘȈ
II
ǯȈ ȖȉȐȓȤȕȣȔ șȣȚȕȣȔ ȖȉȍȌȖȔ ǷȖȓȧȕșȒȐȑ șȖȊșȍȔ ȘȈȏȊȍ-
șȍȓȐȓșȧ ǵȈȒȘȈșȐȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ șȒțȟȕȣȑ ȚȖȓșȚȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ș ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔȐ ȋȓțȗȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ǯȈȚȖ ȉȓȍșȒȖȔ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ
ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȍȋȖ ȎȍȕȈ Ȑ șȊȖȧȟȍȕȐȞȈ
ǮȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȖșȚȘȖțȔȕȖ ȉȖȓȚȈȓȐ ȟțȚȤ-ȟțȚȤ ȒȖȒȍȚ-
ȕȐȟȈȓȐ Ȑ ǷȖȓȧȕșȒȐȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȏȈȉȣȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȋȖȘȕȣȑ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘ
ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȍȕȕȣȑ Ȓ ȉȖȋȈȚȍȑȠȍȔț ȗȖȔȍȡȐȒț Ȍȓȧ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȧ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȔȐȕȍȘȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊ
ǵȈȒȘȈșȐȕ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȗȖȒȖȍ Ȑ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȖȚȓȖȎȐȓ ȌȍȓȖ-
ȊȖȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȌȖ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ǷȖșȓȍ ȖȉȍȌȈ ȖșȖȊȍȓ șȚȈȓ
ȔȖȘȋȈȚȤ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȏȍȊȕțȓ ȌȊȈ ȘȈȏȈ șȖ ȊȒțșȖȔ Ȑ ȋȘțȏȕȖ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȊȠȐșȤ ȐȏȊȐȕȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȑȌȍȚ ȖȚȌȖȝȕțȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ
— Ǩ Ȋȣ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȓȐ țșȕțȚȤ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ dzȐȌȐȧ
ǷȍȚȘȖȊȕȈ ȎȍȕȈ ǵȈȒȘȈșȐȕȈ
ǷȖȓȧȕșȒȐȑ ȊȍșȤ țȊȓȍȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȖȊȣȔ ȎȍȕșȒȐȔ ȏȕȈȒȖȔ-
șȚȊȖȔ ȌȈȎȍ ȟțȚȤ-ȟțȚȤ ȖȉȐȌȍȓșȧ
—ȇ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȖȉȏȈȊȍȓșȧ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ
— ǷȘȐȟȍȔ ȚțȚ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ"
— Ǩ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ ǴȖȑ ȌȖȔ ȔȖȍ ȐȔȍȕȐȍ ȔȖȧ ȎȍȕȈ — Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ
ȘȈșȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚ Ȓ ȗȖȒȖȦ — ȏȈȌȖȘȕȖ ȖȚȟȐȚȈȓ ǷȖȓȧȕșȒȐȑ
— ǬȈ Ȗȕ ȏȓȖȑ Ǩȕȧ — ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ șȍșȚȘȍ dzȐȌȐȧ Ƿȍ-
ȚȘȖȊȕȈ
— ǵȍȚ ȇ ș ȕȐȔ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ șȖȋȓȈșȕȈ DzȚȖ ȥȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ
«ȉȘȈȒ — ȔȖȋȐȓȈ ȓȦȉȊȐ»" ǪȖȚ, ȚȊȖȑ ȔțȎ ȎȍȕȐȝȖȔ ȉȍȋȈȓ ȏȈ
ȚȖȉȖȑ ȐșȒȈȓ șȓțȟȈȧ țȊȐȌȍȚȤșȧ ȗȘȖșȚȈȐȊȈȓ ȟȈșȈȔȐ ȖȎȐȌȈȧ
ȒȖȋȌȈ Țȣ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȠȤ ȔȐȔȖ ǺȊȖȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȚȊȖȧ ȓȈșȒȈ ȚȊȖȑ
ȗȖȞȍȓțȑ ȉȣȓȐ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȐȔ șȟȈșȚȤȍȔ Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ǵț ȊȍȘȦ Ȗȕ ȓȦȉȐȚ Țȍȉȧ ǬȈ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȥȚȖ ȚȈ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ-șȚȘȈșȚȤ

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ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ șȎȐȋȈȍȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȌȖȊȖȌȐȚ ȍȋȖ ȌȖ ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ Ȑ țȎȈ-
șȖȊ ȉȍȏțȔȐȧ"
— ǷȖȟȍȔț Ȋȣ Ȗ ȓȦȉȊȐ ǨȕȕȈ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȕȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ ȒȈȒ Ȗ
ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ țȎȈșȕȖȔ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖȔ" — ȏȈȊȓȈȌȍȓ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȖȔ ǷȖȓȧȕ-
șȒȐȑ — DzȘȈșȖȚȈ — ȌȈ ǵȖ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȚțȚ țȎȈș" ȅȚȖ — ȊȣșȠȍȍ
ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȉȓȈȎȍȕșȚȊȖ
— Ǫȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ" Ǩ ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȤ — ȌȊȍ
ȘȖȌȕȣȍ șȍșȚȘȣ ǰșȗȣȚȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ — Ȑ țȔȍȘȍȚȤ
dzȐȞȖ Ǩȕȕȣ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȕȣ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȗȖȚȍȔȕȍȓȖ Ȑ Ȋ
ȚȍȔȕȖ-șȍȘȣȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ǷȖȓȧȕșȒȖȔț ȗȖȟțȌȐȓȐșȤ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȊȈȚȣȍ
ȖȋȖȕȤȒȐ ǶȕȈ ȗȖșȚȖȧȓȈ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȌȊȍ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ
țȠȓȈ ǷȖȓȧȕșȒȐȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓ ȍȍ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ
— ǻ ȔȖȍȑ șȍșȚȘȣ ȍșȚȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȍ — șȚȈȘȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȏȈȔȧȚȤ ȕȍȓȖȊȒȐȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ dzȐȌȐȧ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȕȈ — ȕȍ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȡȈȑȚȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ Ǵȣ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț țȎȍ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȐ Ǩȕȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȎȐȏȕȍȘȈȌȖșȚȕȈ Ȑ ȘȖȊȕȈ ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ș ȕȍȑ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ-
șȧ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȚȍȔȕȍȍȚ ȗȖȘȈ ȏȈȎȐȋȈȚȤ ȓȈȔȗȣ
ǷȖȓȧȕșȒȐȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔț ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕșȒȖȔț ȖȒȕț ǶȕȖ
ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȈ ȖȏȍȘȖ ǶȚ ȊȖȌȣ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȉȍȓȣȑ Țț-
ȔȈȕ dzȍș ȍȌȊȈ ȟȍȘȕȍȓ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȋțșȚțȦ ȗȍȓȍȕț ȐșȗȈȘȍȕȐȑ Ǻț-
ȔȈȕ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ Ȋșȍ ȊȣȠȍ ȊȗȖȓȏȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȘțȚȖȑ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȖȒț-
ȚȣȊȈȓ ȊȈȚȖȑ ȒțșȚȣ ȚȐȝȖ ȗȖȌȉȐȘȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȌȖȔț Ȑ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȔȐ
ȘțȒȈȔȐ Țȧȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ȖȒȕȈ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȤȐ-ȚȖ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȏ-
ȘȈȟȕȣȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȉȍȏȏȊțȟȕȖ ȚȘȖȋȈȦȚ șȚȍȒȓȈ ȗȘȖșȧȚșȧ șȦȌȈ Ȋ
șȊȍȚȓțȦ ȚȈȒțȦ ȗȘȐȊȍȚȓȐȊțȦ ȊȍșȍȓțȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț
— ǪȈȔ ȕȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋ ȋȓțȠȐ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǷȖȓȧȕ-
șȒȐȑ ǵȈȒȘȈșȐȕȈ ȗȘȐȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ ș ȗȖȔȧȚȣȔ ȗȖșȓȍ șȕȈ ȓȐȞȖȔ
— ǵț ȉȈȚȍȕȤȒȈ ȧ ȊȍȌȤ ȕȍ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ Ȑ ȌȍȚșȒȐȔ șȒȈȏȒȈȔ ȕȍ
ȊȍȘȦ
— DzȈȒȐȔ șȒȈȏȒȈȔ"
— Ǩȝ ȌȈ ȊȍȌȤ Ȋȣ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ǷȘȍȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȈȧ ȐșȚȖ-
ȘȐȧ ǭșȓȐ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȈȧ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ǵȖ ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ
ȟȚȖ ȉțȌȤ ț ȕȈș ȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȣȍ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȐ Ȑ ȊȘȈȟȐ Ȋșȍ ȉȣ ȖȒȈ--
ȏȈȓȖșȤ ȌȍȓȖȔ șȈȔȣȔ ȗȘȖșȚȣȔ ǪȖȚ ȧ ȊȈȔ șȍȑȟȈș ȘȈșșȒȈȎț
— ǶȝȖȚȈ Țȍȉȍ țȋȖȡȈȚȤ ȋȖșȚȧ ȥȚȐȔȐ țȎȈșȈȔȐ ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ
ȕȈ ȕȖȟȤ — ȗȣȚȈȓȈșȤ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȔțȎȈ dzȐȌȐȧ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȕȈ
ǵȈȒȘȈșȐȕ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ
— Ǻȣ ȓțȟȠȍ dzȐȌȖȒ ȊȍȓȐ ȕȈȔ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȖȕȤȧȒț ǯȕȈȍȠȤ ȒȖ-

129
ȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ ȊȣȗȐșȈȓ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȣ ǪȖȚ, ȊȐȌȐȚȍ
ȓȐ ǽȖȚȧ ȥȚȖȚ ȏȈȔȖȒ Ȋ ȓȍșț ȧ șȈȔ șȚȘȖȐȓ ȕȖ Ȗ ȕȍȔ țȎȍ ȝȖȌȐȚ
ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈ ȇ ȏȌȍșȤ ș ȎȍȕȖȑ Ȑ șȊȖȧȟȍȕȐȞȍȑ ȎȐȊț țȎȍ șȍȌȤȔȖȑ
ȋȖȌ Ȑ ȏȈ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȌȊȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ
ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ǸȈȏ țȚȘȖȔ ȕȈ ȚȖȔ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȖȏȍȘȈ — ȚȈȔ ȗȖȟ-
ȚȐ șȗȓȖȠȤ ȉȖȓȖȚȐșȚȈȧ ȗȖȟȊȈ — ȕȈȠȓȐ ȚȘțȗ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȟȍȋȖ-șȔȖȓȖȒțȘȈ ǫȖȘȓȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȗȍȘȍȋȘȣȏȍȕȕȣȔ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȋȖȌȈ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ǵȈȍȝȈȓȈ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȧ ǵȈȟȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȘȈșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ ǷȖ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȦ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȧșȕȐ-
ȓȐ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȈȓȐ ȌȍȓȖ ȊȖȓȍ ǩȖȎȤȍȑ ǪȚȖȘȖȑ șȓțȟȈȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȍȓ
ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȑ ȚȖȎȍ ș ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ǵȈ ȥȚȖȚ
ȘȈȏ ș ȔȖȐȔ șȍȓȤșȒȖȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒȖȔ ǰȊȈȕȖȔ Ƕȕ
ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȕȖȟȤȦ ș ȐșȒțșȈȕȕȖȑ Ƞȍȍȑ Ǫșȍȝ ȗȍȘȍȗțȋȈȓ ǩȓȍȌ-
ȕȣȑ ȒȈȒ șȔȍȘȚȤ ǵȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȖȗȘȈȊȐȊȠȐșȤ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȈȒțȦ-
ȚȖ ȟȍȘȚȖȊȡȐȕț Ȁȍȓ Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȓȐ ȗȖ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȖȏȍȘȈ ǪȌȘțȋ
ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈȒȐȕțȓȈșȤ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȊȍȌȤȔȈ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȘțșȈȓȒȈ ǷȖȓțȋȖȓȈȧ
Ƕȕ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ǶȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȋȕȈȓȈ ȗȖȊȈȓȐȓȈ șȚȈȓȈ ȋȘȣȏȚȤ
ȋȖȘȓȖ ǭȌȊȈ ȊȣȘȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ șȗȈșșȧ Ǵȣ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȊȓȈșȚȧȔ
ȕȍ șȖȖȉȡȈȓȐ ǸȈȕȣ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȕȖ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȑ
șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȘȈșȟȍȓșȧ Ȑ țȠȍȓ ǹȦȌȈ ȊȍȌȤ ȌȈȓȤȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȍȏȎȈȦȚ
ǫȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ț ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȖȏȍȘȈ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȉȍȓțȦ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕț DzȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȟȍȗțȝȈ ȕȖ ȓȍ-
ȋȍȕȌȈ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ Ȑ ȕȈ ȚȖȚ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȖȏȍȘȈ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȒȚȖ ȘȐșȒȕȍȚ
ȗȖȑȚȐ ȕȖȟȤȦ
— DzȈȒ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȍȚȍ șȍȉȍ ȥȚȐ șȓțȟȈȐ"
ǵȈȒȘȈșȐȕ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȝȓȍȉȕțȓ ȒȖȕȤȧȒț
— ȇ ȉȈȚȍȕȤȒȈ ȕȍ ȀȍȘȓȖȒ ǽȖȓȔș ǵȖ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȘȈȏ ȋȘȣȏ
ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȋȖȘȓȖ ȌȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȐȓȐ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ©ȒȚȖ-
ȚȖª ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȏȊȍȘȤ ǹȖȉȈȒȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȌȐȟȈȓȈȧ ǪȖȓȒ
ǷȖȊȚȖȘȧȦ ȝȖȘȖȠȐ ȕȈȠȐ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȐ Ȑ ȊȘȈȟȐ ǪȍȌȤ ȍșȚȤ
ȕȈțȟȕȣȍ ȔȍȚȖȌȣ
— ǷȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ Ȉ ȉȍȓȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ"
— ǴȈȓȖ ȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȌțȘȈȒȈȔ ȗȘȐȋȘȍȏȐȚșȧ șȖ șȚȘȈȝȈ ǺțȔȈȕ
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȜȖȘȔȣ
— ǵȖ Țȣ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȍȠȤ — ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȋȖȓȖș ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȊȠȐȑ ǷȖ-
ȓȧȕșȒȖȋȖ ȖȋȓȧȕțȚȤșȧ — ȟȚȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȍȡȍ ǰȊȈȕ ǷȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȤȚȍ șȍȉȍ Ȗȕ țȊȍȘȧȓ ȟȚȖ ©ȉȍȓȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈª ȓȈșȒȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ
ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓȈ ©ǨȎȕȖ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ — ț Ȕȍȕȧ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȏȈȠȓȖșȤ ȚȈ-

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ȒȖȊȖ șȓȈȌȒȖª Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȚȈȓȈ ȋȘȣȏȚȤ DzȈȒȈȧ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ șȖȉȈȒȈ"
Ǫșȧ Ȋ ȘȖȏȖȊȖȔ ȒȖȓȍȉȓȧșȤ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȔ șȚȈȕȖȔ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ
ȕȐȔȐ șȊȖȧȟȍȕȐȞȈ ǨȕȕȈ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȕȈ ȊȍșȍȓȈȧ Ȑ șȔȍȦȡȈȧșȧ
Ǩȓȣȍ ȋțȉȣ ȖȉȕȈȎȈȓȐ ȗȖȓȖșȒț ȊȓȈȎȕȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȓȈȔțȚȘȈ ȇȘȒȖ
Ȑ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȖ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǵȈȒȘȈșȐȕ ȕȈșțȗȐȓșȧ
— ǶȝȖȚȈ Țȍȉȍ ȔȈȚțȠȒȈ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȚȤ ȊșȧȒȐȍ ȋȓțȗȖșȚȐ
III
ǷȖȓȧȕșȒȐȑ ȎȐȊȍȚ ț ǵȈȒȘȈșȐȕȣȝ țȎȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȌȊȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ
Ǿȍȓȣȍ ȌȕȐ ȝȖȌȐȚ ș ȘȈȉȖȟȐȔȐ ȗȖ ȓȍșț ȗȖ ȒȘțȚȣȔ ȐȏȊȐȓȐ-
șȚȣȔ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȔ ȓȍșȕȖȑ ȘȍȟȒȐ ȋȌȍ ȗȖȔȍȡȐȒ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȓ ȏȈ-
ȓȍȎȐ ȘțȌȣ
ǷȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȗȖȊȖȏȐȚȤșȧ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ Ǫșȍ țȚȘȖ Ȋ ȝȖȌȤȉȍ ǷȖȚȖȔ
ȕȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȔȍșȚȈ Ȍȓȧ ȉțȘȍȕȐȧ ǬȍȓȈȓ ȝȐȔȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȈȕȈȓȐȏ șȖ-
ȉȘȈȕȕȣȝ ǵȈȒȘȈșȐȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȞȖȊ
ǷȖȉȣȊȈȓ ǷȖȓȧȕșȒȐȑ Ȑ ȕȈ ȚȖȔ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȖȏȍȘȈ ȕȐȏȒȖȔ ȉȖ-
ȓȖȚȐșȚȖȔ, Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȘȈșșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȚȤ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ Ȗ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȍ
ǶȚȊȍȟȈȓȐ ȕȍȖȝȖȚȕȖ ǩțȌȚȖ ȖȉȐȎȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȓȍȋȒȖȔȣșȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȚȖȕ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘȈ ǶȌȐȕ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȓ
— Ǻȣ ȉȈȘȐȕ ȕȍ ȠțȚȐ ǰȊȈȕȈ-ȚȖ ȟțȚȤ ȌȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȕȍ ȏȈ-
ȋȘȣȏȓȈ Ȉ ȚȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȞȈȘșȚȊȐȍ ȍȔț ȕȍȉȍșȕȖȍ ȊȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖȘȍȠȐ-
ȓȈ ȇ șȈȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ǶȕȈ ȕȍȟȐșȚȈȧ-ȚȖ șȐȓȈ ȒȘȖȊȤ Ȑȏ ȕȍȋȖ Ȋȣ-
șȖșȈȓȈ dzȍȎȈȓ ȊȖșȒȖȊȖȑ ȊȍșȤ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȖȉȍȌȈ Ȑ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ șȕȈ ǷȖȓȧȕșȒȐȑ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ
ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ
ǰȏ ȌȊțȝ șȍșȚȍȘ ȍȔț ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȘȈȊȐȓȈșȤ ȏȈȔțȎȕȧȧ dzȐȌȐȧ,
ȕȖ ǨȕȕȈ ȌȘȈȏȕȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȕȒȐȔ ȒȖȒȍȚșȚȊȖȔ
ȅȚȖ ȏȓȐȓȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȔțȎȟȐȕț Ȑ Ȗȕ ȌȈȊȈȓ șȍȉȍ șȓȖȊȖ țȝȈ-
ȎȐȊȈȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈ dzȐȌȐȍȑ Ȑ ȖȚȌȣȝȈȓ ȋȘȍȧșȤ ȌțȠȖȑ Ȋ ȒȘȖȚ-
ȒȖȔ ȚȍȗȓȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ ȍȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ ǭȍ ȕȍȎȕȈȧ ȘțȟȒȈ ȖȚ-
ȊȍȟȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȎȈȚȐȍ ǻșȗȍȝ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȣȔ ǵȖ ȖȗȧȚȤ
ȐȔ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȊȈȓȈ ǨȕȕȈ șȔȍȦȡȈȧșȧ ȌȘȈȏȕȧȡȈȧ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ șȊȖȧȟȍȕȐȞȈ șȖȖȉȡȐȓȈ ȕȖȊȖșȚȤ ȉȍȓțȦ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ȖȗȧȚȤ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ

131
— ǪȖȚ ȕȈȠȍȓșȧ ȉȣ șȔȍȓȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ — ȗȖȠȍȓ ȚțȌȈ ȕȖ-
ȟȤȦ Ǫșȍ Ȕȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȊȍȘȧȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȉȖȐȔșȧ ȟȍȘȚȖȊȡȐȕȣ Ȉ
ȗȖȑȌȍȚ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȐȋȍȕȚ ȕȈ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȍ ȕȖȟȤȦ șȍȑȟȈș ț ȕȍȋȖ ȋȈȓ-
ȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȐ ȏȈȔȐȘȈȕȐȍ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȕȍȘȊȕȖȍ ȗȖȚȘȧșȍȕȐȍ ǹȓȖ-
ȊȖȔ ȚȈ Ȏȍ ȚȘțșȖșȚȤ ǷȖ-ȔȖȍȔț ȊȍȘȤ — ȚȈȒ ȊȍȘȤ ȐȓȐ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȤ Ȑ
ȕȍ ȚȘțșȤ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȔțȎȟȐȕȖȑ ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȉȣ ȗȖȠ-
ȓȈ Ȑ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ
— ǰ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȈ ȉȣ șȐȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȑ ȕȈșȔȖȘȒ — ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ
ǵȈȒȘȈșȐȕ
ǷȖȓȧȕșȒȐȑ ȗȘȖȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȕȖ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȍȋȖ ȏȈșȍȓȈ ȕȍȖȚȊȧȏ-
ȕȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ ©ǵȈȌȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ǨȕȕȖȑ șȔȍȓȣȔ ȔțȎ-
ȟȐȕȖȑª ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȊȗȖȓȋȖȓȖ-
șȈ
— ȇ ȐȌț șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȟȤ ȕȈ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȍ ș ȉȍȓȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐ-
ȕȖȑǶȕȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȓȍșȕțȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȟțȚȤ-ȟțȚȤ țȓȣȉ-
ȕțȓȈșȤ ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȖ ȒȈȟȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
DzȖȋȌȈ ǷȖȓȧȕșȒȐȑ țȠȍȓ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȋ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈ ȍȔț ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȏȈȗȐșȒȈ ȗȘȐȒȖȓȖȚȈȧ ȉțȓȈȊȒȖȑ Ȓ ȗȖȌțȠȒȍ:
©ǵȍ ȘȍȠȈȑȚȍșȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȉȍȏțȔȐȍ ȉȍȓȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȌȍȑșȚ-
ȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ»
ǷȖȓȧȕșȒȐȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȚȘțșȖȔ ȕȖ ȍȋȖ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ ȎțȚȒȖȍ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ șȗțșȒȈȚȤșȧ ș ȗȘȐȋȖȘȒȈ Ȓ ȉȖȓȖȚȐșȚȖȔț ȉȍ-
Șȍȋț ȖȏȍȘȈ
ǴȍȘȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȓțȕȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ ȒȖȓȍȉȓȦȡȐȍșȧ ȚțȔȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȏȘȈȒȐ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȣȑ ȏȈțȕȣȊȕȣȑ șȚȖȕ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȕȖȟȕȖȑ ȗȚȐȞȣ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȐȏȌȍȊȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ȝȖȝȖȚ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȓȍșț ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȧ
Ȋ ȌȐȒȖȍ ȋȖȋȖȚȈȕȐȍ ǷȖȓȧȕșȒȐȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ
— DzȈȒȖȑ ȧ ȌțȘȈȒ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ — ȜȐȓȐȕ
Ƕȕ ȗȘȐșȍȓ Ȑ ȏȈȒțȘȐȓ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșț ǵȖ ȘțȒȐ ȍȋȖ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȌȘȖ-
ȎȈȓȐ
— ǵȍ ȗȘȖșȐȌȍȚȤ ȓȐ ȏȌȍșȤ ȌȖ țȚȘȈ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȐșȝȖȌȐȓ
ȊȍșȤ ȉȍȘȍȋ"
ǵȖ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȊȖȏȔțȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȋșȧ ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȤ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȔțȎ-
ȟȐȕȣ
— ȇ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȍ ȇ ȌȖȑȌț ǿȍȋȖ ȉȖȧȚȤșȧ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ-
ȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ
ǰ Ȗȕ ȉȣșȚȘȣȔȐ ȠȈȋȈȔȐ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȠȓȍȗȈȧ ȖȝȖȚ-

132
ȕȐȟȤȐȔȐ șȈȗȖȋȈȔȐ ȗȖ ȔȖȟȈȎȐȕȈȔ
DzȘțȋȖȔ ȖȉșȚțȗȈȓȈ ȉȍȓȈȧ șȚȍȕȈ ǵȈșȒȊȖȏȤ ȗȘȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓȈ
șȣȘȖșȚȤ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ Ȑȏ ȚțȔȈȕȈ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȒȘȐ-
ȊȖȑ șțȒ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȐșșȖȝȠȈȧ ȘțȒȈ ȝȊȈȚȈȓȈ Ȑ ȗȣȚȈȓȈșȤ ȖșȚȈȕȖ-
ȊȐȚȤ
ǷȖȓȧȕșȒȐȑ ȕȈȚȣȒȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȒțșȚȣ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓ Ȑ ȗȈȌȈȓ ȗȖ
ȘȣȚȊȐȕȈȔ ǸȈȏȈ ȌȊȈ șȘȣȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȈȔȖȍ ȖȏȍȘȖ ǵȖ Ƞȍȓ Ȑ Ƞȍȓ
ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍ ȖȡțȡȈȧ șȚȘȈȝȈ Ȑ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚȤ ȘȈș-
șȚȖȧȕȐȍ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ șȚȈȓȖ șȊȍȚȓȍȍ ǯȈȟȍȘȕȍȓȐ șȚȊȖȓȣ șȖ-
șȍȕ ǭȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȠȈȋȖȊ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȊȣȉȘȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȊȣșȖȒȖȍ
ȔȍșȚȖ ǺțȔȈȕȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ dzțȕȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ ȧȘȒȖ ȖȏȈȘȧȓ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ.
ǷȖȓȧȕșȒȐȑ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȋȘțȌȤȦ
— ǵț ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȕȈșȒȊȖȏȤ ȉȖȓȖȚȕțȦ ȟȍȘȚȖȊȡȐȕț
ǿțȊșȚȊȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȊȐȋȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȖ ȍȋȖ Ȋ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ Ȑ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȉȖȌȘȐȓȖ
— ǵț ȉȍȓȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȋȌȍ Ȏȍ Țȣ" ǰȌȐ șȦȌȈ
ǰ ȕȈȉȘȈȊȠȐșȤ șȔȍȓȖșȚȐ Ȗȕ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȔ ȋȖ-
ȓȖșȖȔ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȓ țȎȈșȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȥȝȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȍȔț ȖȚ-
ȊȍȚȖȔ
ǷȖȓȧȕșȒȐȑ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ șȍȉȧ
ȋȍȘȖȍȔ ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȏȈȝȖȓȖȕțȓȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȋ ȒțșȚȈȝ ȧșȕȖ ȔȍȓȤȒ-
ȕțȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉȍȓȖȍ ǭȡȍ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȗȈȓȖ
— ǿțȌȐȚșȧ — țșȗȖȒȖȐȓ șȍȉȧ ǷȖȓȧȕșȒȐȑ Ȑ țșȒȖȘȐȊ ȠȈȋ,
ȊȣȠȍȓ ȗȈ ȗȖȓȧȕȒț — DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȚ
ǶȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȕȈȏȈȌ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȖȚ ȚȖȓȟȒȈ Ȑ ȌȐȒȖ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
ǰȏ ȟȈȡȐ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȕȍșȓȈșȤ ȗȖȓțȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȗȘȖ-
șȚȐȘȈȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ǸȈșȗțȡȍȕȕȣȍ șȗțȚȈȕȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȖ-
șȣ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȓȐ ȓȐȞȖ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȌȊțȔȧ ȧȘ-
ȒȐȔȐ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȔȐ
ǷȖȓȧȕșȒȐȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȕȖ șȗȖȚȒȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȗ ȒȖȟȒț,
țȗȈȓ ǰ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈȊȈȓȐȓȖșȤ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȚȈȒ
ȉȐȓȖșȤ șȍȑȟȈș ȓȖȗȕȍȚ
ǵȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ" ǶȕȈ ȕȍ ȌțȠȐȚ ȍȋȖ ǵȍȚ ǶȕȈ ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȍȚșȧ Ȓ
ȕȍȔț ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔ șȚȘȈșȚȕȣȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ ȞȍȓțȍȚ ȉȍȏ ȒȖȕȞȈ ǵȈȠȓȈ
ȋțȉȣ Ȑ ȊȗȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȕȐȝ
ǰ, Ȋ ȗȖȘȣȊȍ ȎȋțȟȐȝ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ Ȋ
ȋȖȘȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȊȗȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȖșȚȘȣȍ ȏțȉȣ

ǹ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȔ țșȐȓȐȍȔ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȈȍȚșȧ Ȗȕ Ȑȏ țȎȈșȕȣȝ
ȖȉȢȧȚȐȑ ǰ, ȊȍșȤ ȚȘȍȗȍȡȈ ȖȚ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȖșȚȣȊȠȍȑ șȚȘȈșȚȐ Ȑ ȎȈ-
ȎȌȣ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ȏȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ șȚȘȍȓȧȍȚ Ȋ ȕȍȍ ȗțȓȧ ȏȈ ȗțȓȍȑ
ǵȍȌȊȐȎȕȖ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȊ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ
șȚȖȕȈȓȈ ǺȍȔȕȣȍ ȗȧȚȕȈ ȘȈșȗȓȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȉȍȓȖȑ șȖȘȖȟȒȍ
ǷȖȓȧȕșȒȐȑ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȍȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȖȚȒȐȕțȓ ȋțșȚȣȍ șȗțȚȈȕȕȣȍ
ȊȖȓȖșȣ
ǵȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȋȓȧȕțȓȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȍ șȚȖȓȤ ȎȍȓȈȕȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ Ǩȕȕȣ
ǷȍȚȘȖȊȕȣ ǰ țșȚȈ ȍȍ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓȐșȤ ș
țȓȣȉȒȖȑ Ȑ ȗȘȖȠȍȓȍșȚȍȓȐ
— dzȦȉȖȊȤ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȤ — ȘȖȌȕȣȍ șȍșȚȘȣ

134
I
ǪȘȍȔȧ ȠȓȖ Ȑ ȠȓȖ ǹȚȘȍȓȒȈ ȟȈșȖȊ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȚȖȘȖȗȐȓȈșȤ
ȗȘȖȑȚȐ ȒȘțȋȐ Ȑ țȒȈȏȈȚȤ DzȖȠȍȓȍȊț ȕȈ ȘȖȒȖȊțȦ ȞȐȜȘț ȒȖȋȌȈ
țȎȍ ȊșȧȒȈȧ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȕȈ Ǩ Ȗȕ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ ȓȖȔȈȓ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊț Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȊȣȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȍȍȕȍȋ
ǸȍșȚȖȘȈȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȓȖȕ Ǫ ȌțȠȕȖȔ ȗȘȖȒțȘȍȕȕȖȔ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ
șȚȖȧȓ ȋțȓ ȋȖȓȖșȖȊ
ǫȘȍȔȍȓȈ ȗȖșțȌȈ ȚȖȓȒȈȧșȤ, ȗȘȖȉȍȋȈȓȐ ȓȈȒȍȐ ș ȉȓȦȌȈȔȐ
ǬȍȓȖȊȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȋȓȖȡȈȓȐ ȖȉȍȌ ȘȈșȗȓȈȟȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ
țȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ǩ DzȖȠȍȓȍȊ Ȋșȍ șȐȌȍȓ ȏȈ ȒȘțȎȒȖȑ ȗȐȊȈ ȗȖȌ ȊȘȈȎ-
ȌȍȉȕȣȔȐ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈȔȐ șȓțȋ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȦȡȐȝșȧ Ȋ țȗȓȈȚȍ ȗȖ șȟȍȚț
Ȑ Ȋ ȟȈȍȊȣȝ
— ǷȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ ȗȘȐșȍșȚȤ ȏȈ ȊȈȠ șȚȖȓȐȒ
— ǷȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ — ȔȈȠȐȕȈȓȤȕȖ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ DzȖȠȍȓȍȊ
ǬȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȝțȌȖȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ș ȉȓȍȌȕȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ș ȏȈȖșȚȘȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȒȈȒ ț ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȒȈ ȕȖșȖȔ Ȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ șȐȕȍȊȖȑ ȗȖȌ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȔȐ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ șȚțȓ
©ǹȓȖȊȕȖ ȈȘȠȐȕ șȓȖȎȐȓșȧª — ȗȘȐȠȓȖ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖ-
Ȋț DzȖȠȍȓȍȊȈ
ǷȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȤ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ȊȐȕȈ Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȖȚȝȓȍȉȣȊȈȓ
Ȑȏ șȚȈȒȈȕȈ ȌȣȔȧ șȐȋȈȘȖȑ
ǶȉȈ ȗȐȓȐ Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ
— ǰȏȊȐȕȐȚȍ — ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȓ DzȖȠȍȓȍȊț ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ Ȑ
ȝțȌȖȑ, — ȧ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȓȐ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȦșȤ ȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ-
ȔȐ ȗȖ ȟȈșȚȐ ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȐ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ, ȗșȐȝȖȜȐȏȐȒȐ Ǵȍȕȧ ȒȘȈȑ-
ȕȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȍȚ ȖȌȐȕ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȒȈȒ ȌțȠȍȊȕȣȍ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȕȐȧ ȖȚ-

135
ȘȈȎȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ" ǭȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȐȏȊȐȕȧȦșȤ ȏȈ ȕȈȏȖȑ-
ȓȐȊȖșȚȤ ȕȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȊȈș țȋȕȍȚȈȍȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȚȖȋȖ, ȗȖ-
ȌȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȔȣșȓȤ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ idee fixe.
DzȖȠȍȓȍȊ ȌȖȠȍȓ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ Ȋșȍ
ȘȈȊȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȓȐ ș ȉȓȐȏȒȐȔ ȐȓȐ ș ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȊșȚȘȍȟȕȣȔ
—ǬȈ Ȋȣ ȗȘȈȊȣ
ǰ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗ șȊȖȐȝ ȕȍțȌȈȟȈȝ Ȗ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȔ șȍȔȍȑȕȖȔ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ Ȗ ȉȍșȗȓȖȌȕȣȝ ȗȖȐșȒȈȝ Ȍȍȕȍȋ
— ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ Ȉ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖȔȈ șȐȌȧȚ ȉȍȏ ȋȘȖȠȈ ǭș-
ȓȐ ȕȍ ȌȖșȚȈȕț Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȌȖ ȗȧȚȐ ȟȈșȖȊ ȊȗȖȘț țȚȖȗȐȚȤșȧ

136
ǬȓȐȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȝțȌȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȟȍȘȍȗ Ȗș-
ȒȈȓȐȓ ȏțȉȣ
— ǵȍȚ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȒȖȕȟȐȚȍ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ șȈȔȖțȉȐȑșȚȊȖȔ
— ǷȖȟȍȔț Ȋȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ ȚȈȒ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ?
— ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȒȖȘȖ țȔȘȍȚ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ ȕȍȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ ȘȖȒȖȊȣȍ ȟȍȘȚȣ ȇ ȕȈțȟȐȓșȧ Ȑȝ țȋȈȌȣȊȈȚȤ ȖȚ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ
țȟȍȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȌȖȓȋȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋ ǰȕȌȐȐ
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȇ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȏȌȖȘȖȊ Ȉ ȉȓȐȏȖșȚȤ
șȔȍȘȚȐ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȎȌȈȚȤ — ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȊȘȈȟț ȗȖ ȉȖȓȍȏ-
ȕȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȈȔ ǹȈȔȖțȉȐȑșȚȊȖ Ȏȍ ȏȈȊȐșȐȚ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ șȈ-
ȔȖȋȖ ȖȚ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȧ ȕȖ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȖȚ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȝ țș-
ȓȖȊȐȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȍȌȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ǪȖȚ ȧ ȗȖșȓȈȓ Ȓ ȖȌȕȖȔț
ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȔț ȗȐșȤȔȖ ș ȗȘȖșȤȉȖȑ ȗȘȐșȓȈȚȤ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ǭșȓȐ ȖȚȊȍȚ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȑ ȟȍȋȖ ȘȈȌȐ ȧ ȉțȌț ȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȗ ȘȈșȟȍȚȍ ș
ȎȐȏȕȤȦ? ȇ ȎȐȚȤ ȝȖȟț
ǬȓȐȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȝțȌȖȑ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȖșȒȈȓ ȟȍȘȍȗȈ
— Ǫȣ ȘȈșșțȎȌȈȍȚȍ, ȕȍ ȐȔȍȧ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȧ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ ǸȖ-
ȒȖȊȣȍ ȟȍȘȚȣ ȕȈȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȤ ȕȍ ȓȐȟȕȖȍ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȕȍ șȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊ Ȉ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȊȓȈșȚȕȖȍ ȓȍȎȈȡȍȍ
Ȋȕȍ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǷȍȟȈȚȤ șȔȍȘȚȐ
DzȖȠȍȓȍȊț Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȘȈșșȚȘȖȍȕȕȖȔț ȕȍțȌȈȟȈȔȐ șȚȈȓȖ ȎțȚȒȖ.
ǹȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȓ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ șțȍȊȍȘȕȣȑ șȚȘȈȝ
Ȑ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐșȤ șȚȈȘȣȍ ȏȈȉȣȚȣȍ șȐȓȣ ȒȖȓȌțȕ ȊȣȝȖȌȍȞ ș
ȚȖȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȠȐȑ ȌțȠț ȌȤȧȊȖȓț ȏȈ ȏȕȈȕȐȍ
ȚȈȑȕ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǷȘȐȠȍȓ ȗȖșȣȓȤȕȣȑ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȍș ȗȐșȤȔȖ ǻȎȍ ȕȈ ȖȡțȗȤ DzȖ--
ȠȍȓȍȊ țȋȈȌȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȍȍȕȍȋ Ȋ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚȍ ȕȍȚ Ȉ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȐȏȐȚȕȈȧ
ȒȈȘȚȖȟȒȈ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ș șȈȔȣȔ ȊȍȎȓȐȊȣȔ ȖȚȒȈȏȖȔ
—ǿȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ" — ȊȣȘȊȈȓȖșȤ ț DzȖȠȍȓȍȊȈ. — ǷȖș-
ȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈ ȓȖȗȕțȓȈ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȗȍȘșȧ ȖȉȍȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȣȓ ȐȔȐ ȓȐȞȖ
— ǪȐȌȐȚȍ — ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ șțȝȖȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș șȖȉȍ-
șȍȌȕȐȒȈ, — ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȍșȚȤ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ ȌȈȦ
ȊȏȈȑȔȣ ǵȐ ȒȖȗȍȑȒȐ DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȌȖșȚȈȊȈȚȤ șȈȔ ǰ Ȋȣ
ȚȈȒȎȍ
— ǵȖ ȒȈȒ" ǵȈțȟȐȚȍ ȗȖșȖȊȍȚțȑȚȍ ǪȘȍȔȧ ȕȍ ȎȌȍȚ
— ǻ ȊȈș ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȏȈȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȖȌȈȚȤ"
— Ǫșȍ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ țȎȍ șȌȍȓȈȕȖ

137
— ǺȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȖȌȈȑȚȍ șȈȔȖȋȖ șȍȉȧ
DzȖȠȍȓȍȊ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ ȕȖ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȘȈșșȍȘȌȐȓ-
șȧ
— ǿȚȖ Ȋȣ" ȀțȚȐȚȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȐȏȌȍȊȈȍȚȍșȤ"
— ǵȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
— ǵȖ ȧ ȧ ȕȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ
— Ǫȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ DzȖȋȌȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ Ȗ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȍ ȟȚȖ
ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȌȈȍȚ șȍȉȧ ȥȚȖ țșȓȖȊȕȖ ǵȍ șȍȉȧ Ȉ șȊȖȦ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȖȕȈ
ȗȘȖȌȈȍȚ Ǩ ȧ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȦ ȊȈȔ ȗȘȖȌȈȚȤ șȊȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ șȊȖȦ ȜȐȏȐ-
ȟȍșȒțȦ ȖȉȖȓȖȟȒț șȖȊșȍȔ
— ǵȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ Ȗ ȟȍȔ Ȋȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ
ǰ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȝțȌȖȑ Ȑ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȖșȒȈȓ ȟȍȘȍȗȈ
— ǵȍ ȗțȋȈȑȚȍșȤ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȓȍȌȕȍȑȚȍ ȇ ȕȍ șȖȊȍȚțȦ ȊȈȔ șȖȊȍȘ-
ȠȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȓȐȉȖ țȎȈșȕȖȍ ǵȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȖșȚȖȍ Ǫȣ șȓȣ-
ȝȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȍȕȕȖ-ȔȍȌȐȞȐȕșȒȈȧ ȈȒȈȌȍȔȐȧ ȗȖȒțȗȈȍȚ șȒȍȓȍȚȣ
ț ȎȍȓȈȦȡȐȝ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ș ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȐȔȐ
ȓȐȠȤ ȗȖșȓȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ? ǵȈ ȗȈșȗȖȘȚȍ șȚȈȊȐȚșȧ ȒȓȍȑȔȖ ©șȒȍȓȍȚ
ȗȘȖȌȈȕª Ȑ ȐȏȊȍȡȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȧ Ȗ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȊȠȍȑșȧ șȌȍȓȒȍ
ǷȖȍȏȎȈȑȚȍ Ȑ ȏȈȧȊȐȚȍ ǪȈȔ ȊȣȌȈȌțȚ 25 Ș
— DzȈȒ" ǺȖȓȤȒȖ"
— Ǩ Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȊȈȠ șȒȍȓȍȚ șȚȖȐȚ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕ" ǨȒȈȌȍ-
ȔȐȧ ȗȘȖȌȈȍȚ șȒȍȓȍȚȣ Ȋ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȕȕȖȔ ȊȐȌȍ ȏȈ 15 Ș Ȉ Ȋ șȖȉ-
ȘȈȕȕȖȔ ȏȈ 40 Ș
ǹȚȘȍȓȒȈ ȟȈșȖȊ ȗȍȘȍȠȓȈ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ
— ǹȗȍȠȐȚȍ ǵȍ ȖȗȖȏȌȈȑȚȍ ǺȈȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȖ 5 ȟȈșȖȊ
DzȖȠȍȓȍȊ șȖȘȊȈȓșȧ ș ȔȍșȚȈ
II
ǶȚȌȈȊȈȧ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȊȠȍȑșȧ ȐșȚȖȔȐȊȠȍȑșȧ ȖȚ ȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȕȐȧ Ȏȍȕȍ DzȖȠȍȓȍȊ ȕȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȧ ȐșȗȣȚȣ-
ȊȈȍ-ȔȖȋȖ ȔțȎȟȐȕȖȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȌȈȍȚ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȍ
DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȗȕ șȒȘȣȓ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȧȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȌȊȈ
ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȝ ȚȘȐ Șțȉȓȧ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȑ ȉțȔȈȎȒȖȑ Ȑ șȍȘȍȉȘȖ
©ǾȍȕȈ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȈª — ȗȖȌșȒȈȏȈȓ ȋȖȓȖș ȗȖȝȖȎȐȑ ȕȈ șț-
ȝȖȑ ȚȘȍșȒ ȐȏȌȈȊȈȍȔȣȑ ȎȐȊȣȔ șȒȍȓȍȚȖȔ — șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ șȖȉȍșȍȌ-

138
ȕȐȒȖȔ Ȋ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȍ ȝțȌȣȔ Ȑ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔ ș ȖȉȖșȚȘȐȊȠȐȔșȧ
ȒȈȒ ț ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȒȈ ȕȖșȖȔ Ȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ șȐȕȍȊȖȑ ȗȖȌ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ǮȍȕȈ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȊȠȈȧ ȏȖȓȖȚȈ Ȑ ȓȈșȒȈȓȈ
ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȒȐȌȣȊȈȓȈ Ȑȏ ȘțȒȐ Ȋ ȘțȒț Ȑ Ȋ ȓțȒȈȊȣȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȖȚ-
ȘȈȎȈȓȐșȤ ȖȚȉȓȍșȒȐ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈȔ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȈ
©ǾȍȕȈ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȈª
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȕȍ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȘȈșșȚȘȖȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȍ-
ȘȊȣ — țȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓ șȈȔ șȍȉȧ DzȖȠȍȓȍȊ
ǵȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȐȏȉȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ țȚȘȈȚȣ ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ
Ƕȕ ȌȍȓȈȓ șȊȖȐ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȍ ȌȍȓȈ Ȑ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȓ ȟȈșȚȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ
ȗȘȐ țșȗȍȝȍ Ȑ șȚȘȈȕȕțȦ ȊșȚȘȍȟț Ȋ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȈȎț șȒȍ-
ȓȍȚȈ ǵȖ Ȋ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȚȖșȒȐ Ȑ țȕȣȕȐȧ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȊȈȓȖ ȐȔ ȔțȟȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȍ ©ǹȒȍȓȍȚ ȗȘȖȌȈȕª ǰ Ȗȕ ȖȡțȗȣȊȈȓ ȕȖȋȐ,
Ȑ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȘȍȉȘȈ ȚȐȝȖ ȗȖșȚțȒȐȊȈȓ șȖȋȕțȚȣȔ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ ȗȖ ȟȍȘȍ-
ȗț ©ǵȍ ȔȖȐ ȒȖșȚȐ — ȗȘȖȌȈȕȣª
ǪȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȘȐșȖȊȈȓȖ ȍȔț ȕȍ ȈȋȖȕȐȦ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȉ ȚȖ ȒȈȒ
Ȗȕ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȕȍ Ȗȕ Ȉ ȍȋȖ ȒȖșȚȐ ȉțȌțȚ șȖȉȘȈȕȣ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȒȈȝ
Ȑ ȉțȌȍȚ țȓȣȉȈȚȤșȧ ȊȍȟȕȖȑ ȒȖșȚȧȕȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȟȍȘȍȗ Ȑ șȗȐȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȝȘȍȉȍȚ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȚ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȑ ȠȚȈȚȐȊ ǷȘȐȌȍȚ ȗȘȖȜȍș-
șȖȘ șȖȉȍȘțȚșȧ șȚțȌȍȕȚȣ ș ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔȐ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȔȐ ȓȐȞȈȔȐ
ǩȓȍȌȕȣȑ ȗȈȓȍȞ șȖ șȚȈȘȟȍșȒȖȑ ȒȖȎȍȑ ȐȏȔȖȘȡȐȕȐȊȠȍȑșȧ
ȕȈ ȔȧȒȖȚȐ ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȘȖȋȈȚȤ ȉȍșșȚȣȌȕȖ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȖșȚȐ ȍȋȖ
DzȖȠȍȓȍȊȈ Ȑ șțȝȐȔ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȟȐșȓȧȚȤ ȓȈȚȐȕ-
șȒȐȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȧ
Ǩ Ȗȕ ȉțȌȍȚ țȓȣȉȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȎȐȊȖȔț șȒȍȓȍȚț ȕȈțȒȐ Ȑ ȎȈȎ-
ȌțȡȐȔ ȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔ șȐȓȤȕȣȔ ȚȍȓȈȔ ȎȐȏȕȍȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖȑ
ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȐ
ǵȖ ȧȊȐȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȐȕȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ — ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȖȉȧȏȈȕ-
ȕȖșȚȐ ©ǹȒȍȓȍȚ — ȕȍ ȔȖȑ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȍȋȖ ȝȘȈȕȐȚȤ Ȑ ȖȉȍȘȍ-
ȋȈȚȤª
DzȖȠȍȓȍȊ ȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȗȖȗȈșȚȤ ȗȖȌ ȚȘȈȔ-
ȊȈȑ ȖșȚȍȘȍȋȈȓșȧ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȍȑ ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȌȕȈȎ--
Ȍȣ șȓȖȔȈȓ ȘțȒț ȚȖ ȗȖȑȔȈȓ șȈȔ șȍȉȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȓȍȗȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐ
«ȇ ȐșȗȖȘȚȐȓ ȌȖȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȑ Ȕȕȍ șȒȍȓȍȚ»
ǪȕțȚȘȐ DzȖȠȍȓȍȊȈ ȗȖșȍȓȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȟțȎȖȍ ȕȍ ©ȍȋȖª
ȕȍ ȍȔț ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȡȍȍ ȗȘȖȌȈȕȕȖȍ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ
ș ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔȐ ȖȟȒȈȔȐ ȖșȍȌȓȈȊȠȐȔȐ ȒȘțȗȕȣȑ ȕȖș ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ
ȉțȋȘȖȊȈȚȣȑ ș ȌȊțȔȧ ȚȍȔȕȣȔȐ ȉȍȏȌȕȈȔȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȝ

139
ȕȖȏȌȘȍȑ
ǷȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȣȔ Ȑ DzȖ-
ȠȍȓȍȊ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȐȊȠȍȑ ȉȣȓȖ șȊȖȐ ȌȍȓȈ ȏȈȗȐȓ
Ǫ ȔȐȕțȚț ȗȤȧȕȖȑ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȚȍȗȓȖȑ ȉȓȐȏȖșȚȐ Ȗȕ
șȖȏȕȈȓșȧ Ȏȍȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȌȈȓ șȒȍȓȍȚ
ǶȕȈ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȖșțȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȠț-
ȚȐȓȈ ©DzȖȋȌȈ ț ȕȈș ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȧ ȗȘȖȌȈȔ ȚȖȎȍ șȊȖȑ șȒȍ-
ȓȍȚª
ǵȖ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ DzȖȠȍȓȍȊț șȚȈȓȖ ȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȎȍȕȈ ȖȚȕȖ-
șȐȚșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȐȕȈȟȍ ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȌȖȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȍȚ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȌȈȎȍ
ȓȈșȒȈȍȚ Ȑ ȞȍȓțȍȚ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȐȓț
ǩȣȓȖ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȐȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȕȖȍ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ șȈȔȖȋȖ DzȖȠȍȓȍȊȈ"
ǵȖ Ȗȕ ȔțȟȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȉȘȈȕȐȓ șȍȉȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȘȖȒȖȊțȦ ȚȈȑ-
ȕț ǷȤȧȕșȚȊȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȝȔȍȓȤȕȖȑ țȋȈȘ ȘȈșȒȈȓȧȓ Ȑ ȉȍȏ
ȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȧȔȐ ȔȖȏȋ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȠȈȚȈȧșȤ ș ȔțȚȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ, ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȗȕ Ȋ
șȊȖȍȔ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȔ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȍ Ȓ ȌȊțȔ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘȈȔ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ șȐȌȍȊ-
ȠȐȔ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȊȣȗȐȚȖȋȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȈ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȚȒȖȊ ȘȍȌȐș-
ȒȐ ȕȈ ȚȈȘȍȓȒȈȝ ǺȧȎȍȓȖ Ƞȓȍȗȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȑ șȚțȓ
— ǵț ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȕȖșȣ ȗȖȊȍșȐȓȐ" Ǭȍȕȍȋ ȕȍȚț"
— ȅȚȖ, ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ, ȕȍ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚȈȘȐȍȊ — ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓ ȋț-
șȚȖȑ ȉȘȦȕȍȚ. — ǹȈȔȐ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ — șȍȓȐ ȔȈȒȖȔ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȍȡȍ Ȋȣ-
ȉȍȘȍȔșȧ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ
— ǬȈȊȈȑȚȍ-ȒȈ ȓțȟȠȍ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȘȈșșțȎȌȍȕȐȑ Șțȉȓȧ ȌȊȈ —
ȔȘȈȟȕȖ ȕȈȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ ȉȓȖȕȌȐȕ
— Ǭȍȕȍȋ ȧ ȕȍ ȌȈȔ ȕȖ ȗȖșȖȊȍȚȖȊȈȚȤ ȔȖȋț
— ǵț ȟȍȘȚ ș ȊȈȔȐ șȖȊȍȚțȑȚȍ
— ǷȘȖȌȈȑȚȍ șȊȖȐ șȒȍȓȍȚȣ Ȋ ȊȖȍȕȕȖ-ȔȍȌȐȞȐȕșȒțȦ ȈȒȈ-
ȌȍȔȐȦ ǬȈȦȚ ȗȖ 25 Ș ȇ Ȑ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕ ȊȈȔ șȒȈȎț Ȍȓȧ ȏȈȧȊȒȐ
ǸȍȗȖȘȚȍȘȣ ȖȎȐȊȐȓȐșȤ
— ǬȈ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ" DzȈȒ Ȏȍ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ"
ǷȘȖȌȈȚȤ șȒȍȓȍȚ ǬȈ ȟȍȘȚ ș ȕȐȔ șȖ șȒȍȓȍȚȖȔ ǵȈ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕț-
Ȏȍȕ" ǹȌȍȓȈȑȚȍ ȖȌȖȓȎȍȕȐȍ — ȉȍȘȐȚȍ ǰ ȕȈ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȣ ȘȈșȝȖ-
ȌȖȊ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ǰ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȓȤȏȈ Ȍȓȧ ȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȈțȒȐ
— Ǩ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȉȖȐȚȍșȤ ȗȘȖȌȈȚȤ șȊȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ"
— ǴȍȘȚȊȖȍ" ǬȈ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȕȈȔ ȌȖ ȕȍȋȖ ȌȍȓȖ" ǰȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ ǵȈ

140
țȌȖȉȘȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȓȍȑ ǵȈ ȖȉțȟȍȕȐȍ șȚțȌȍȕȚȖȊ ǵȈ ȊȣȌȍȓȒț ȔȈȘ-
ȋȈȘȐȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȗȖȚȖȓȡȍ
— ǵȍȚ Țȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȑ ǪȖȖȉȘȈȏȐ șȍȉȍ ȟȚȖ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ
țȏȕȈȦȚ ȊșȦȌț Ǫ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȍ 2.000.000 ȎȐȚȍȓȍȑ ǷȖ ȒȘȈȑ-
ȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ 500.000 ȖȝȖȚȕȖ ȗȘȖȌȈȌțȚ șȊȖȐ șȒȍȓȍȚȣ ȅȚȖ șȖș-
ȚȈȊȐȚ ȗȘȐȓȐȟȕțȦ șțȔȔț Ȋ 12.500.000 Ș ȈșșȐȋȕȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȑ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ țȚȊȍȘȌȐȚȤ ǫȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ǬțȔȈ
— Ǫ ǫȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ǹȖȊȍȚȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȚ
DzȖȠȍȓȍȊ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕ ȥȚȐȔ ȜȖȕȚȈȕȖȔ ȊȍșȍȓȖșȚȐ ȗȖ ȚȈ-
ȒȖȔț șȚȘȈȠȕȖȔț ȗȖȊȖȌț ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȌȈȎȈ șȒȍȓȍȚȈ
Ƕȕ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ ș ȖȚȧȎȍȓȍȊȠȍȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȊȍșȤ Ȗșȍȓ
ȒȕȐȏț ȖȚ ȈȓȒȖȋȖȓȧ Ȑ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȗȘȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ȕȈ șȊȖȑ ȗȧȚȣȑ
ȥȚȈȎ ǵȍ ȘȈȏȌȍȊȈȧșȤ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ Ȑ ȏȈȝ-
ȘȈȗȍȓ
ǵȖȟȤȦ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ ǪȕțȚȘȐ Ȋșȍ ȋȖȘȍȓȖ ȕȈȗȐȓșȧ șȣȘȖȑ ȊȖ-
Ȍȣ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȒȘȈȕȈ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȊȈȓȐȓșȧ șȗȈȚȤ
ǭȋȖ ȗȘȖȉțȌȐȓȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȍ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȍ-
ȔȖȍ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ
Ƕȕ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕȍ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȉȍș-
ȗȖȔȖȡȕȣȔ
Ǫșȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȐȏȕȣȊȈȓȖ Ȋ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȐșȚȖȔȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȗȘȖȐș-
ȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȍ ǵȣȓȖ ȗȖȊșȦȌț ȕțȌȕȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȦ
ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȚȧȕțȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȣȗȐȘȈȓȖ ȕȈȘțȎț
ǺȈȑȕȈ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓȈșȤ ǷȘȐ șȊȍȚȍ ȘȈȕȕȍȑ ȗȍȚȍȘ-
ȉțȘȋșȒȖȑ ȏȈȘȐ DzȖȠȍȓȍȊ țȊȐȌȈȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș șȖȉȖȦ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȉȓȍ-
șȚȧȡȐȑ șȒȍȓȍȚ ȕȈȝȈȓȤȕȖ țȓȣȉȈȦȡȐȑșȧ Ȑ ȗȖșȣȓȈȊȠȐȑ ȍȔț
ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȑ ȗȖȞȍȓțȑ
— ǬȖ șȊȐȌȈȕȤȧ — ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ șțȝȖȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȑ ȚȘȍșȒ —
au revoir! ȇ Ȋ ǨȒȈȌȍȔȐȦ ǶȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȌȖȍȓȖ
ȊȖȏȐȚȤșȧ ș ȊȈȠȐȔ ȗȘȖȗȐȚȈȕȕȣȔ ȈȓȒȖȋȖȓȍȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ
— Ǩ ȧ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ" — ȎȈȓȖȉȕȖ ȏȈȕȣȓ DzȖȠȍȓȍȊ
— Ǩ Ȋȣ ȒȈȒ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȔȖȑ ǴȖȧ ȔȐșșȐȧ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ
ȊȣȠȍ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȋȘȖȏȕȖȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ Ǩ-ȓȈ-ȓȈ dzȈ-ȓȈ-ȓȈ
ǰ șȒȍȓȍȚ ȉȖȌȘȖȑ ȗȖȝȖȌȒȖȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȕȈȌȍȊ
ȞȐȓȐȕȌȘ Ȑ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȚȘȖșȚȤ
DzȖȠȍȓȍȊ șȗȖȓȏ ș ȌȐȊȈȕȈ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ șȗȖȓȏ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ, ȕȍ
ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȔȣȑ ȒȖșȚȧȔȐ, Ȗȕ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ șȓȐȏ-
ȕȧȒȈ ș ȘȈșȗȓȣȊȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȚȍȓȖȔ DzȖȍ-ȒȈȒ ȌȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ȌȖ ȖȒȕȈ

ǰȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈ țȓȐȞȈ ȀȓȐ Ȑ ȠȓȐ
șȒȍȓȍȚȣ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȗȖȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȔȈȘȠȐȘȖȊȈȓȐ ȊȍșȍȓȐȓȐșȤ
ȗȖȌȉȖȌȘȧȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ȊȍșȍȓȣȔȐ ȗȍșȍȕȒȈȔȐ ǬȘțȎȕȖ ȠȓȐ ȕȈ
ȊȖȍȕȕȖ-ȔȍȌȐȞȐȕșȒțȦ ȈȒȈȌȍȔȐȦ
DzȖȠȍȓȍȊ Ȑ șȍȑȟȈș ȎȐȊ Ƕȕ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕ ȕȈ ǻȌȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȖȓ-
ȏȈȍȚ ȗȖ ȗȖȓț Ȑ ȎȈȓțȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ șȒȍȓȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȉȘȖșȐȓ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȕȐ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȕȐ șȚȖȧȚȤ

142
Ǹǹȁǯ ǯdzǵǴdzǹȁDzǼȅǻȉȃ
I
ǶȗȣȚ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ DzȈȕȌȈțȘȖȊȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ șȍȕșȈȞȐȦ
Ȋ țȟȍȕȖȔ ȔȐȘȍ
Ǫ șȊȖȐȝ ȓȍȒȞȐȧȝ DzȈȕȌȈțȘȖȊ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȕȍȍ ȌȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ
ȎȍȓțȌȖȒ Ȉ ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȚȖȓșȚȈȧ Ȑ ȗȘȧȔȈȧ ȒȐȠȒȐ ȧȊ-
ȓȧȦȚșȧ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȔȐ ȖȘȋȈȕȈȔȐ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ ȓȐȠȤ Ȋ ȏȈȊȐ-
șȐȔȖșȚȐ ȖȚ șȗȖșȖȉȈ ȗȐȚȈȕȐȧ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȑ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȕȐ-
ȔȈȦȚ ȗȐȡț ȋȘțȉțȦ ȕȍțȌȖȉȖțșȊȖȧȍȔțȦ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȕțȎȍȕ Ȏȍ-
ȓțȌȖȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȕțȚȤ ȍȍ ȚȖȔț ȗȘȖȞȍșșț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȍȚșȧ ȗȐȡȍȊȈȘȍȕȐȍȔ ǵȐȎȕȐȑ Ȏȍ ȖȚȌȍȓ ȒȐȠȍȟȕȐȒȈ ȍșȚȤ
ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȒȈȒ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȚȖȘ ȕȍȟȐșȚȖȚ ȖȗȧȚȤ-ȚȈȒȐ ȧȊȓȧȦȡȐȝșȧ
șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍȔ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȧ ȋȘțȉȖȑ ȗȐȡȐ
ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔ ȗȐȚȈȓșȧ ȊȣșȖȒȖȗȐȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ Ȑ șȖȊȍȘ-
ȠȍȕȕȖ țșȊȖȧȍȔȖȑ ȔȐȒșȚțȘȖȑ Ȗȕ ȕțȎȌȈȓșȧ ȉȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȖȌ-
ȕȐȝ ȚȖȕȒȐȝ ȒȐȠȒȈȝ Ȉ ȎȍȓțȌȖȒ Ȑ ȕȐȎȕȦȦ ȟȈșȚȤ ȒȐȠȍȟȕȐ-
ȒȈ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ țȌȈȓȐȚȤ ȉȍȏ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ Ȍȓȧ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ ȏȌȖ-
ȘȖȊȤȧ
ǸȈșșțȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȥȚȐ ȗȖȒȈ ȖȕȐ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȍȖȘȐȐ Ȋȣȏȣ-
ȊȈȓȐ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȊȖȏȘȈȎȍȕȐȑ Ȑ șȗȖȘȖȊ
DzȈȕȌȈțȘȖȊȈ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȣșȔȍȧȓȐ Ȋ șȈȚȐȘȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȎțȘȕȈȓȍ
ǰȕȖȍ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȗȣȚ țȌȈȓșȧ DzȈȕȌȈțȘȖȊ ȗȘȖ-
ȐȏȊȍȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȌ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ șȖȉȈȒȖȑ Ȑȏ ȗȖȘȖȌȣ ȌȖȋȖȊ
ǮȍȓțȌȖȒ Ȑ ȕȐȎȕȧȧ ȟȈșȚȤ ȒȐȠȍȟȕȐȒȈ ȉȣȓȐ țȌȈȓȍȕȣ Ƕȗȍ-
ȘȈȞȐȧ țȌȈȓȈșȤ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍ ǮȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ șȍȉȧ ȗȖ-
ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȎȐȏȕȍȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ
ǹȖȉȈȒȈ ȗȘȖȎȐȓȈ ȚȘȐ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȗȐȚȈȧșȤ ȖșȖȉȖȑ ȔȐȒșȚțȘȖȑ
Ȑ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ǷȖ ȕȍȌȖșȔȖȚȘț șȚȖȘȖȎȈ
ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȉȍȏ ȕȈȔȖȘȌȕȐȒȈ Ȑȏ ȖȚȊȍȌȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȍȑ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȧ
Ȑ ȕȈȍȓȈșȤ șȣȘȖȋȖ ȔȧșȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȉȍȏ ȗȘȍȌȊȈȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȉȖȚȒȐ Ȋ ȎȍȓțȌȒȍ ȊȣȏȊȈȓȖ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȖșȗȈȓȍȕȐȍ ȒȐȠȍȟ-
ȕȐȒȈ
Ǫ ȖȉȕȈȘȖȌȖȊȈȕȕȖȔ DzȈȕȌȈțȘȖȊȣȔ ȌȕȍȊȕȐȒȍ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȑ
ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȘȖȟȐȔ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ ȘȈșșțȎȌȍȕȐȍ

143
ʞˑ˓˃ˊˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ ˅ˎˋˢːˋˈ ˑ˒ˈ˓˃˙ˋˋ ː˃ ˒˔ˋ˘ˋˍ˖ ˋ ˓˃ˊ˅ˋ˕ˋˈ
ˋː˕ˈˎˎˈˍ˕˖˃ˎ˟ː˞˘ ˔˒ˑ˔ˑ˄ːˑ˔˕ˈˌǤ ʏˎ˟ˏ˃ ȋ˔ˑ˄˃ˍ˃Ȍǡ ˊˎ˃ˢ ˋ ˍ˓ˑ-
˅ˑˉ˃ˇː˃ˢǡ ˍ˃ˍ ˅˔ˈ ˇˑˆˋǡ ˔˕˃ˎ˃ ˋˊ˖ˏˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ ˍ˓ˑ˕ˍˑˌǡ ˒ˑ˔ˎ˖˛-
ːˑˌǡ ˒ˑ˚˕ˋ ːˈ ˒˓ˑˢ˅ˎˢˢ ˊ˅ˈ˓ˋː˞˘ ˋː˔˕ˋːˍ˕ˑ˅Ǥ ʢˏ˔˕˅ˈːː˞ˈ
˔˒ˑ˔ˑ˄ːˑ˔˕ˋ ˈˈ ˒ˑ˅˞˔ˋˎˋ˔˟ ˇˑ ˕˃ˍˑˌ ˔˕ˈ˒ˈːˋǡ ˚˕ˑ ˔˕ˑ˓ˑˉ-
˚˃˄˃ː ːˈ ˓˃ˊ ˆˑ˅ˑ˓ˋˎ ˏːˈǣ Ǽʏ ˅ˈˇ˟ ʏˎ˟ˏ˃ǡ ˄˃˓ˋːǡ ˖ ː˃˔ ˔ˍˑ˓ˑ
ˆˑ˅ˑ˓ˋ˕˟ ː˃˚ːˈ˕ǽǤ ʠˑ˄˃ˍ˃ ˇˑ ˕ˑˆˑ ˒ˑːˢ˕ˎˋ˅˃ǡ ˚˕ˑ ˎˈˆˍˑ ˖˔˅˃ˋ-
˅˃ˈ˕ ˕ˑǡ ˚˕ˑ ˖ Ǽ˚˖ˇˑ-˔ˑ˄˃ˍǽǡ ˒ˑˍ˃ˊ˞˅˃ˈˏ˞˘ ˅ ˙ˋ˓ˍˈǡ ˇˑ˔˕ˋˆ˃ˈ˕-
˔ˢ ˎˋ˛˟ ˒˖˕ˈˏ ˇˑˎˆˑˌ ˋ ˕˓˖ˇːˑˌ ˇ˓ˈ˔˔ˋ˓ˑ˅ˍˋǤ
ʛːˈ ˍ˃ˉˈ˕˔ˢǡ — ˇˑ˄˃˅ˎˢˈ˕ ʙ˃ːˇ˃˖˓ˑ˅ǡ — ˚˕ˑǡ ˈ˔ˎˋ ˒ˑ-
ˇˑ˄ː˖ˡ ˑ˒ˈ˓˃˙ˋˡ ˒˓ˑˋˊ˅ˈ˔˕ˋ ː˃ˇ ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈˍˑˏǡ ˑː ˏːˑˆˑ ˅˞-
ˋˆ˓˃ˈ˕ ˍ˃ˍ ˅ ˖ˏ˔˕˅ˈːːˑˏ ˑ˕ːˑ˛ˈːˋˋǡ ˕˃ˍ ˋ ˅ ˓˃ˊ˅ˋ˕ˋˋ ˆ˖ˏ˃ː-
ː˞˘ ˚˖˅˔˕˅ ˋ ˒ˑːˋˉˈːˋˋ ˠˆˑˋ˔˕ˋ˚ː˞˘ ˋː˔˕ˋːˍ˕ˑ˅Ǥ ʐ˞˕˟ ˏˑ-
ˉˈ˕ǡ ˋˏˈːːˑ ˠ˕ˋˏ ˒˖˕ˈˏ ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈˍ ˒ˈ˓ˈ˓ˑˇˋ˕˔ˢ ˋ ˅ˑˊ˅˞˔ˢ˕˔ˢ
ˇˑ ˑ˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅ˎˈːˋˢ ˅ ˉˋˊːˋ ˋˇˈˋ ˄˓˃˕˔˕˅˃Ǥ
ǼȘȈȏȈ ȥȚȈ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȈȧ țȟȍȕȣȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȍȓȧ ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȈȞȐȐ
șȊȖȍȑ ȔȣșȓȐ ȐȔȍȓȈ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȊȈȎȕȣȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌ-
șȚȊȐȧ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȓȈ Ȓ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ ȌȘȈȔȍ
II
ǨșșȐșȚȍȕȚ DzȈȕȌȈțȘȖȊȈ ǪȍȚȊȐȞȒȐȑ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ȖșȖ-
ȉȖȔț ȚȐȗț țȟȍȕȣȝ țșȗȍȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȊȍșȤ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕ ȕȈ ȘȐșȒȍ
ȅȚȖ — ȈȏȈȘȚȕȣȍ ȐȋȘȖȒȐ Ȋ ȖȉȓȈșȚȐ ȔȍȌȐȞȐȕȣ
ǪȍȚȊȐȞȒȐȑ ȗȘȖșȓȈȊȐȓșȧ șȔȍȓȖșȚȤȦ șȊȖȐȝ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȑ ǰș-
ȝȖȌ Ȑȝ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȣȑ ȕȖ ȔȕȖȋȖȍ ȏȈșȚȈȊ-
ȓȧȓȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ ȖșțȎȌȈȚȤ ȖȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓ
ȌȈȎȍ ȕțȎȕȣȔ șȖȖȉȡȈȚȤ ȗȈȞȐȍȕȚȈȔ Ȗ ȋȘȖȏȧȡȍȑ ȐȔ ȖȗȈșȕȖ-
șȚȐ Ȉ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȦ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȔț ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍ-
ȌȐȊ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȖșȔȖȚȘȈ ȗȖȌ ȝȓȖȘȖȜȖȘȔȖȔ
ǪȍȚȊȐȞȒȐȑ ȉȣȓ ȧȘȣȔ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȕȐȒȖȔ DzȈȕȌȈțȘȖȊȈ ȕȖ țȗȘȍ-
ȒȈȓ șȊȖȍȋȖ țȟȐȚȍȓȧ Ȋ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȒȍ șȔȍȓȖșȚȐ ǷȖ ȍȋȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȦ
ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȗȣȚȈ ȕȈȌ șȖȉȈȒȖȑ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȘȖȌȍȓȈȚȤ ș ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ
ǩȣȊȈȦȚ Ȏȍ ȉȖȓȤȕȣȍ ș ȒȘțȋȓȖȑ ȧȏȊȖȑ ȎȍȓțȌȒȈ ȘȈȒȖȔ ȐȓȐ ș

144
ȚȘȈȊȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȗȖȊȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȗȐȡȍȊȈȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȖȘȋȈ-
ȕȈ ǪȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ Ȑȝ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȎȌȈȚȤ Ȉ ȊȏȧȚȤ Ȑ ȊȣȘȍȏȈȚȤ Ȏȍ-
ȓțȌȖȒ Ȑ ȒșȚȈȚȐ ȟȈșȚȤ ȒȐȠȍȟȕȐȒȈ
DzȈȕȌȈțȘȖȊ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍ șȖȋȓȈȠȈȓșȧ ș ȚȈȒȖȦ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ Ȕȕȍ-
ȕȐȦ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȖȑ ȚȖȟȒȖȑ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ
ǶȟȍȕȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȟȚȖ ǪȍȚȊȐȞȒȐȑ ȗȘȐ țȌȖȉȕȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ
Ȑ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȐȓ ȉȣ șȊȖȑ ȗȓȈȕ ȕȖ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȌȍȓȖ șȓȖȎȐȓȖșȤ șȖ-
ȊȍȘȠȍȕȐȦ ȐȕȈȟȍ Dz ȕȍȔț ȧȊȐȓșȧ șȘȍȌȕȐȝ ȓȍȚ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȑ
ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȐȓ țȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȓșȧ Ȍȓȧ
ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȊȈȎȕȖȑ ȉȍșȍȌȣ
— ǿȍȘȍȗȒȖȊ — ȘȍȒȖȔȍȕȌȖȊȈȓșȧ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȤ, — ȗȘȍȗȖȌȈ-
ȊȈȚȍȓȤ șȘȍȌȕȍȑ ȠȒȖȓȣ Ǩ ȧȊȐȓșȧ ȧ Ȓ ȊȈȔ ȊȖȚ ȏȈȟȍȔ ǰȏțȟȈȧ
ȕȈ ȌȖșțȋȍ șȖȞȐȖȓȖȋȐȦ Ȑ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȈțȒȐ ȧ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȓ
ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȦ ȟȚȖ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȖȑ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȕȍșȗȘȈ-
ȊȍȌȓȐȊȖșȚȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ ȘȈșȣ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȜțȕȒȞȐȧ ȗȐȚȈȕȐȧ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȈșȣȡȈȍȚșȧ Ȗȕ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȏȊȍȘȤ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȥȋȖȐșȚ
șȗȖșȖȉȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȍȘȍȏȈȚȤ ȋȖȘȓȖ ȉȓȐȎȕȍȔț DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȕȈșȣȚȐȚ-
șȧ Ȗȕ ȒȖ ȊșȍȔț ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȍȕ Ȑ ȊȐȌ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȑ
ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȚȘȖȋȈȍȚ ǵȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȈȓȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȐȚȈȕȐȍ ȍșȚȤ ȗȘȐȟȐ-
ȕȈ ȕȍȘȈȊȍȕșȚȊȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȐȋȌȍ Ȑ ȕȐ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȚȈȒ ȧȘ-
ȒȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȍȚșȧ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȉȍȌȕȣȔ Ȑ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȔ ȗȓȍ-
ȉȍȍȔ Ȑ ȈȘȐșȚȖȒȘȈȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȗȐȡȍ ȇ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ țȎȍ Ȗ ȓȦȌȧȝ,
șȌȍȓȈȊȠȐȝ Ȑȏ ȍȌȣ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȒțȓȤȚ ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȝ
ȘȐȔȓȧȕ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȍȠȕȐȝ ȖȉȎȖȘ
— Dz ȒȈȒȖȔț Ȏȍ ȊȣȊȖȌț Ȋȣ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȟȍȋȖ șȔȍȦ șȗȘȖ-
șȐȚȤ Ȋȣ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ"
— ǹȍȑȟȈș țȏȕȈȍȚȍ ǰȚȈȒ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ ȏȓȖ ȔȐȘȈ — ȎȍȓțȌȖȒ Ȑ
ȍȋȖ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȐȧ ǵȈȌȖ țȌȈȓȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȚȈȕȍȚ ȌȘțȋȐȔ
ȇ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȦ ȖȗȣȚ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȘȖȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ ǰ ȍșȓȐ Ȗȗȍ-
ȘȈȞȐȧ țȌȈșȚșȧ ȧ ȉțȌț ȊșȦȌț ȗȘȖȗȖȊȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ©dzȦȌȐ ȖȉȕȖȊ-
ȓȧȑȚȍșȤ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȍșȤ ȖȚ ȌȍșȗȖȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȎȍȓțȌȒȈ Ȑ
ȚȖȓșȚȖȑ ȒȐȠȒȐª
— Ǩ ȍșȓȐ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȧ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȍțȌȈȟȕȈ"
ǿȍȘȍȗȒȖȊ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ǪȍȚȊȐȞȒȖȋȖ Ȑ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ ȠȐȘȖ-
ȒȖȑ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȓȐȞȖ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ
— ǺȖȋȌȈ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȍȗȖȌȈȊȈȚȍȓȤ șȘȍȌȕȍȑ ȠȒȖȓȣ — ȚȦ-ȚȦ
©ǻȎ ȕȍ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȑ ȓȐ" — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ǪȍȚȊȐȞȒȐȑ — ǪȗȘȖ-
ȟȍȔ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȓȐ ȘȈȊȕȖ Ȋ șȔȣșȓȍ ȕȈțȟȕȖȋȖ ȖȗȣȚȈ"ª

145
ǿȍȘȍȗȒȖȊ ȌȈȓ ȜȖȘȔȈȓȤȕțȦ ȗȖȌȗȐșȒț ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȖȋȓȈșȍȕ
ȕȈ ȚȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȦ Ȑ Ȋ șȓțȟȈȍ ȕȍțȌȈȟȐ ȍȍ ǪȍȚȊȐȞȒȐȑ
ȕȍ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ
ǵȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȊȘȈȟȍȑ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȐȓșȧ ȈșșȐșȚȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȑ
ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖȑ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȐ ȒȈȏȈȊȠȍȑșȧ ȔȕȖȋȐȔ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍȔ.
ǶȚȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȜȍȓȤȌȠȍȘȐȞȣ ǵȖ ǪȍȚȊȐȞȒȐȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓ Ȋșȍ ș
ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ șȊȖȐȝ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȔȍȓȣȝ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȖȊ
ǿȍȘȍȗȒȖȊ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȗȖȌ ȖșȖȉȣȔ ȗȘȐșȔȖȚȘȖȔ Ȉ ǪȍȚȊȐȞȒȐȑ
ș ȋȖȘȌȍȓȐȊȣȔ șȈȔȖȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȖȔ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȒȖȓȓȍȋȈȔ Ȏȍȓț-
ȌȖȒ Ȑ ȚȖȓșȚțȦ ȒȐȠȒț ȗȘȍȗȖȌȈȊȈȚȍȓȧ șȘȍȌȕȍȑ ȠȒȖȓȣ ȗȘȍ-
ȗȈȘȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ Ȋ șȗȐȘȚț.
ǶȗȍȘȈȞȐȧ țȌȈȓȈșȤ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍ ǵȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȖșȓȖȎȕȍȕȐȑ ȕȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ȚȍȔȗȍȘȈȚțȘȈ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȑ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȍ ȕȍȌȍ-
ȓȐ ǿȍȘȍȗȒȖȊ ȊșȚȈȓ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȍ Ƕȕ șȓȍȌȐȓ ȏȈ șȖȉ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȊșȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȡȍ
ȕȍ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȓȍȋȒȖșȚȐ Ȋ Țȍȓȍ ȚȈȒȖȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ ȖȚ ©ȏȍȔ-
ȕȖȑ ȚȧȋȐª
— Ǵȍȕȧ ȚȧȕțȓȖ ȊȕȐȏ ȗȘȐȋȊȖȎȌȈȓȖ Ȓ ȏȍȔȓȍ — ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
șȓȖȊȕȖ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ ȊȣȘȖșȓȐ ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ — ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȗȖȓȍȚȍȓ ȉȣ
ȊȊȣșȤ
ǷȐȚȈȓșȧ ǿȍȘȍȗȒȖȊ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖșȖȉȖȑ ȒȈȠȐȞȍȑ Ȑ ȗȐȓ
ȔȐȒșȚțȘț ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȕțȦ ȗȖ ȘȍȞȍȗȚț DzȈȕȌȈțȘȖȊȈ Ȑ ȕȈȝȖ-
ȌȐȓ Ȑȝ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȣȔȐ
ǶȗȣȚ ș ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȊȣȏȊȈȓ ȞȍȓțȦ ȉțȘȦ Ȋ ȗȍȟȈȚȐ ǪȍȚ-
ȊȐȞȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋșȍ ȖșțȎȌȈȓȐ ǿȍȘȍȗȒȖȊȈ șȟȐȚȈȓȐ ȏȈ ȜȈȕȚȈ-
ȏȍȘȈ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗșȐȝȐȟȍșȒȐ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ
Ǫ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȗȘȍșșȍ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȊȖȗȘȖș Ȗ ǪȍȚȊȐȞȒȖȔ Ȑ ǿȍ-
ȘȍȗȒȖȊȍ ș ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȉȖȋȖșȓȖȊșȒȖȑ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȣ ȌȖ-
șȚȖȑȕȣȔȐ șȚȘȖȋȖȋȖ ȖșțȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ
ǻȓȐȟȕȈȧ ȗȘȍșșȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȕȍȕȈ ȐȕȚȍȘȊȤȦ Ȑ ȈȕȒȍȚȈ-
ȔȐ
©ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȉȍȏ ȎȍȓțȌȒȈª ©ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȖȉȍȌȈȦ-
ȡȐȑª ©ǹȊȍȘȝȊȍȋȍȚȈȘȐȈȕȍȞª ©ǶȉȕȖȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȈª
©ǵȍȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȋȈșȚȘȖȕȖȔȖȊª ǰ ȚȌ
dzȍȊȣȍ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ Ȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓȣ ȖȚȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ
Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍȔ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȐ ȕȈ ȗșȐȝȐȒț
Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȍ ȋțȔȈȕȕȣȝ ȟțȊșȚȊ
ǹȈȔȖ șȖȉȖȦ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ șȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ȋȈȏȍȚȕȣȑ ȠțȔ

146
șȚȐȝ Ȑ ǿȍȘȍȗȒȖȊȣȔ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓȐ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ǵț Ȑ ȗțșȚȤ
ȎȐȊȍȚ ȉȍȏ ȎȍȓțȌȒȈ — ȒȖȔț ȒȈȒȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ
ǿȍȘȍȗȒȖȊ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȍ ȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȖȊȈȓșȧ ȓȐȟȕȣȔ ©ȖȉȕȖȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȍȔª ȕȖ ȘȤȧȕȖ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȘȖȗȖȊȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȐȌȍȦ ȉȍȏȎȍȓțȌȖȟ-
ȕȖȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ ǰ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȕȈȠȍȓ șȍȉȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȍȑ
— ȠȍșȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȓȍȋȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȑ ȕȖȎ Ȑ
Ȋșȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖ ȊȣȠȓȐ Ȑȏ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖȋȖ ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȐȧ șȐȓ
ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔȈ
ǺȈȒ ȖșȕȖȊȈȓșȧ ©Ȓȓțȉ șȍȔȐª ȐȓȐ ©Ȓȓțȉ ȉȍȏȎȍȓțȌȖȟȕȣȝª
ǿȓȍȕȣ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ Ȋ ȖșȖȉȖȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ
Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȏȈ ȟȚȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈȔȐ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ ȕȈ
ȉȐȓȤȧȘȌȍ țȗȘȈȎȕȧȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȋȐȔȕȈșȚȐȒȍ Ȉ Ȋ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȟȈș ȒȖ-
ȓȖȒȖȓ ȊȖȏȊȍȡȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȘȈ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȗȐȚȈȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȔȐȒșȚțȘț
ǶȕȐ țȊȍȘȧȓȐ ȟȚȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ Ȑȝ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍ-
ȕȐȧȝ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȎȍȓȈȚȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȓțȟȠȍȋȖ
ǹȓțȟȈȑȕȣȍ ȋȖșȚȐ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȧ ȊȍȟȍȘ ș ȉȍȏȎȍȓțȌȖȟȕȣȔȐ ȋȖ--
ȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȟȚȖ Ȋ Ȑȝ Ȓȓțȉȍ ©ȔțȝȐ ȌȖȝȕțȚ ȖȚ șȒțȒȐª
III
ǹȘȍȌȐ ©ȉȍȏȎȍȓțȌȖȟȕȣȝª ȉȣȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȐȕ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȔȖ-
ȓȖȎȍ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȐ ȓȍȚ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȝȖȓȖșȚȖȑ ǪȗȘȖ-
ȟȍȔ ǿȍȘȍȗȒȖȊ ȊȒțșȐȓ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ șȍȔȍȑȕȖȑ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊ-
ȒȐ ȕȖ ȎȍȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ȍȡȍ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȏȈȉȘȍȌȐȓ Ȗ ȉȍȏȎȍȓțȌȖȟȕȖșȚȐ Ȉ ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȐ Ȑ șȓȣȠȈȚȤ
Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ
ǮȍȕșȒȐȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȕȍ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ Ȋ Ȓȓțȉȍ Ȑ ȘȍȠȍȕ ȉȣȓ
Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ șȔȣșȓȍ ȗȖȌȘțȋȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȉȍȏȎȍȓțȌȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȉȣȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȉȍȏȎȍȓțȌȖȟȕȈȧ
ǵȖ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ȐȓȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȘȍȠȐȓȈșȤ
ȉȣ ȐșȗȖȘȚȐȚȤ ȒȘȈșȖȚț ȚȍȓȈ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȠȘȈȔȖȔ ȕȈ ȎȐȊȖȚȍ Ȑ
ȖȚȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȚ ȒȖȕȜȍȚ ȜȘțȒȚȖȊ Ȑ Ȋșȍȑ șȓȖȎȕȖȑ
ȋȈȔȔȣ ȊȒțșȖȊȣȝ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȑ"
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȕȈȠȓȈșȤ ȅȔȐȓȐȧ ǸȈȚȕȖȊȈ ȊȓȦȉȐ-
ȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȔȓȈȌȠȍȋȖ Ȑ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȉȖȋȈȚȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȟȓȍȕȖȊ ȒȓțȉȈ
ȉȍȏȎȍȓțȌȖȟȕȣȝ ǪȍȓȤȚȐȡȍȊȈ Ȉ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȕȍȍ

147
ǹȘȍȌȐ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȣȝ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȑ ǪȍȓȤȚȐȡȍȊț țȌȈȓȖșȤ țȉȍ-
ȌȐȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȕȍȊȍșȚț ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ ǪȍȚȊȐȞȒȖȔț Ȑ ©ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȤ-
șȧ ȖȚ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȎȍȓțȌȒȈª
ȅȔȐȓȐȧ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȓȈșȤ ȕȖ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȉȘȖșȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ
ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧ ȎȍȕȐȝȈ Ȑ șȗȘȧȚȈȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȋȘțȌȐ ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈ-
ȓȈ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— ȇ șȖȋȓȈșȕȈ
ǶȗȍȘȈȞȐȧ Ȑ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ țȌȈȓȈșȤ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ Ȑ ȅȔȐȓȐȧ
ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȊȠȈȧ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȊțȝȕȍȌȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȓȍȎȈȕȐȧ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ș
ȚȖȔȕȣȔ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȋȓȈȏ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ǪȍȓȤȚȐȡȍȊț
— ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȕȣ șȊȧȏȈȕȣ ȕȈȊȍȒȐ
ǹȊȈȌȤȉȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȣȠȕȖ ȖȚȗȘȈȏȌȕȖȊȈȕȈ Ȑ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ ȗȘȐșțȚ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȉȍȏȎȍȓțȌȖȟȕȣȍ
ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȕȈ
ȖȉȍȌȍ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȖ șȍȘȊȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȔ Ǫ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ ȋȖșȚȐ ȊȖș-
ȝȐȡȈȓȐșȤ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖȔ ȗȖȊȈȘȈ Ȑ ȗȖȋȓȖȡȈȓȐ ȒțȠȈȕȤȧ ȏȈ ȒțȠȈ-
ȕȤȧȔȐ ȏȈȗȐȊȈȧ Ȑȝ ȚȖȕȒȐȔȐ ȊȐȕȈȔȐ ȉȍȏȎȍȓțȌȖȟȕȣȍ ȍȓȐ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȐȚȈȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȒȈȠȐȞț Ȑ ȟȖȒȈȓȐșȤ ș ȗȖȏȌȘȈȊȓȧȦȡȐ-
ȔȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ ȉȖȒȈȓȈȔȐ ȗȐȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȔȐȒșȚțȘȣ
ǹțȗȘțȋȐ ȏȈȎȐȓȐ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖ
ǪȍȓȤȚȐȡȍȊ ȕȍȘȍȌȒȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓ ȊȖȗȘȖș Ȗ ȉțȌțȡȐȝ ȌȍȚȧȝ
ǰȝ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȈȌȖ ©ȖȉȍȏȎȍȓțȌȐȚȤª Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ ȦȕȖȔ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȍ
— ȅȚȖ ȉțȌțȚ ȗȖȐșȚȐȕȍ ȎȐȊȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ǰȝ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȕȍ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȖ ȊȒțșȖȊȣȔȐ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȖȕȐ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ
ȉțȌțȚ ȘȈșȒȈȐȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȗȖȚȍȠȐȚȤ ȎȍȓțȌȖȒ
ȓȈȒȖȔșȚȊȈȔȐ ǫȐȌȘȈ ȥȋȖȐȏȔȈ ȉțȌȍȚ țȉȐȚȈ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ș ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ
ǵȖȊȖȍ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȟȐȡȍ Ȑ ȓțȟȠȍ ȕȈș ǹȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ Ȏȍ-
ȓțȌȖȒ șȈȔ șȖȉȖȦ ȈȚȘȖȜȐȘțȍȚșȧ Ȑ ț ȉȍȏȎȍȓțȌȖȟȕȣȝ ȘȖȌȐȚȍ-
ȓȍȑ ȉțȌțȚ ȘȖȎȌȈȚȤșȧ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȉȍȏȎȍȓțȌȖȟȕȣȍ ȌȍȚȐ
ȅȔȐȓȐȧ șȓțȠȈȓȈ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȊȌȈȓȤ șȓȖȊ-
ȕȖ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ țȔșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȏȖȘȖȔ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȉțȌțȡȍȍ șȟȈșȚ-
ȓȐȊȖȍ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȍ
ȅȔȐȓȐȧ ȏȈșȒțȟȈȓȈ ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȥȚȖ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȐ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȕșȚȊȈ" ǪȍȓȤȚȐȡȍȊ ȉȣȓ ȋȖ-
ȚȖȊ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ǷȖ șȖȊȍȚț ȊȘȈȟȍȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȗȖȍȝȈȓȐ Ȋ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕ-
ȕțȦ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȦ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȍȚȘȖȕțȚȖȑ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ ȅȔȐȓȐȧ
ȔȖȋȓȈ ȏȈȗȈșȚȐșȤ șȐȓȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ
ȘȖȓȐ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ

148
ǷȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȊȏȧȚȤ ș șȖȉȖȦ ȏȈȗȈș ȗȐȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȈȠȐȞȣ Ȑ
ȔȐȒșȚțȘȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȧ ȒȓțȉȈ ȉȍȏȎȍȓțȌȖȟȕȣȝ Ȑȏ-
ȋȖȚȖȊȓȧȓȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖȕșȍȘȊȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȔ ȊȐȌȍ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖȔ ȊȣȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗțȚȤ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȝȘȈȕȍȕȐȍ
ǪȍȓȤȚȐȡȍȊȣ ȏȈȗȈșȓȐșȤ ȕțȎȕȣȔ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖȔ ȥȓȐȒșȐȘȈ
ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȖ ȗȖȋȖȌȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈȧ ȚȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȈ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ șȘȍȌȐ ȏȍȓȍȕȐ ȓțȋȖȊ ȗȖȌ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȕȖȑ șȍȕȤȦ ȓȍșȈ
ȗȖȌ ȏȊțȒȐ ȎțȘȟȈȡȍȋȖ ȘțȟȍȑȒȈ ǰ șțȗȘțȋȐ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȖșȚȈȚȤșȧ
ȍȡȍ ȕȈ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈ ȔȍșȧȞ
ǮȐȏȕȤ ȉȍȏȎȍȓțȌȖȟȕȣȝ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȈ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȈȓȒȖ-
ȋȖȓȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȔȖȌȍȘȕȐșȚȖȊ ȉȍȏ șȊȖȐȝ ȖșȖȉȣȝ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊ ȗȘȖȎȐȚȤ
ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ
ǪȍȓȤȚȐȡȍȊ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐȘȖȊȈȓ Ȋ Ȓȓțȉ Ȗ ȊȣșȣȓȒȍ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȏȈ-
ȗȈșȈ
ǷȖȓțȟȍȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓȖșȤ
ǪȍȓȤȚȐȡȍȊ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤșȧ ǪșȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ȖșȚȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȒȈȠȐȞȣ Ȑ ȔȐȒșȚțȘȣ
ǭȏȌȐȓ ȕȈ șȚȈȕȞȐȦ ȗȖȌȈȊȈȓ șȘȖȟȕȣȍ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȣ Dzȓțȉ
ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȚȘȈȕșȗȖȘȚ ȊȣșȓȈȕ
ǵȖ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȖȌȕȈ ȒȖȘȖȉȒȈ Ȑ ȖȌȐȕ
ȜȓȈȒȖȕ ǫȖȓȖȌȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȊșȚȈȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔȐ șțȗȘț-
ȋȈȔȐ ȕȍȠțȚȖȟȕȖȑ țȋȘȖȏȖȑ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȍȏȎȍȓțȌȖȟȕȣȍ ȎȐȓȐ țȎȍ țȔȍȕȤȠȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȗȖȘȞȐȍȑ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȐȏȊȍȡȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȗȘȐȉȣȚȐȐ ȕȈ ȐȔȧ
ǪȍȓȤȚȐȡȍȊȈ ȋȘțȏȈ Ƕȕ ȗȖșȒȈȒȈȓ ȕȈ șȚȈȕȞȐȦ
ǫȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ș ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȒȖȕȚȖ-
Șț Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȢȧȊȐȓ ȒȊȐȚȈȕȞȐȦ
ǭȔț ȊȣȌȈȓȐ
ǵȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ" ǹȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍȟȚȖ țȎȈșȕȖȍ ǷȖșȣȓȒȈ șȖșȚȖȧ-
ȓȈ Ȑȏ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȝ ȗȓȈșȚȐȕȖȒ ǷȍȘȍȗțȚȈȓȐ
Ǩ ǪȍȓȤȚȐȡȍȊ țȍȏȎȈȧ ȍȡȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȏȍȕȍ
— ǬȖȍȠȤ ȖșȚȈȚȒȐ ȇ ȗȖȚȍȘȗȓȦ
ǰ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȋȘȈȌȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ
ǿȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ" ǭȝȈȚȤ ȊȏȧȚȤ ȥȒșȚȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȍȏȌ ȔȟȈȚȤșȧ 
ȊȍȘșȚ Ȋ ȟȈș ȚțȌȈ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ȋ șȊȖȑ Ȓȓțȉ ȋȌȍ șȗȈșȍȕȐȍ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ȖȉȖȐȝ
ǵȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
ǪȍȓȤȚȐȡȍȊ ș ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȍȔ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ ȗȖșȒȈȒȈȓ ȌȖȔȖȑ ǿȚȖ Ȗȕ

149
șȒȈȎȍȚ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȑ ȅȔȐȓȐȐ"
ǷȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȓ ȐȌȍȦ ȉȍȏȎȍȓțȌȖȟȕȖșȚȐ
Dz țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȦ ȅȔȐȓȐȧ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȈ ȘȖȒȖȊȖȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȍ ȌȖ-
ȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȝȓȈȌȕȖȒȘȖȊȕȖ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȗȖȚȍȘȗȐȔ
ǪȍȓȤȚȐȡȍȊ ȗȓȈȒȈȓ ȖȚ țȔȐȓȍȕȐȧ
ǷȘȖȠȓȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ șțȚȒȐ ȋȖȓȖȌȈ ǪȍȓȤȚȐȡȍȊ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ
șȐȓȣ ȍȋȖ șȓȈȉȍȦȚ ȕȖ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȈșȤ ȅȔȐȓȐȧ
©ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȊȣȠȍ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣª — ȘȍȠȐȓ ǪȍȓȤȚȐȡȍȊ Ȓ
ȒȖȕȞț ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ǻȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȧ ȓȐȠȤ ȖȌȕț ȊȖȌț ș șȈȝȈȘȖȔ
ș ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȕȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȦ Ȗȕ ȗȖȍȝȈȓ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȕȈ șȚȈȕȞȐȦ
șȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȗ ȏȈȒȈȏȈȕȕȖȔ ȗȖȍȏȌȍ
ǶȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȒȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ Ȋ ȚȘȐ ȟȈșȈ ǵȖ ȖȕȐ țȔȘțȚ
ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȖȉȈ țȔȘțȚ
ǭȌȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȒȈȒ ȖșțȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈ șȔȍȘȚȕțȦ ȒȈȏȕȤ ǰ ȕȍ
ȖȌȐȕ Ȉ ș ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȟțȌȕȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȖȑ
ǷȖȌȢȍȏȎȈȍȚ șȖ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȚȖșȒȖȑ ȌțȠȐ Ȓ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȔț
șȍȓȤșȒȖȔț ȌȖȔȐȒț ǭȋȖ ȎȌȍȚ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ țȎȈșȕȣȝ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȑ
ȋȖȓȖȌȈ ǵȍ ȘȍȠȈȍȚșȧ ȊȖȑȚȐ DzȘȈȌȍȚșȧ ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȍȚ Ȋ ȖȒȕȈ
ǪȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ ȊȍșȤ Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȗȖȚ ȖȉȓȐȓ șȘȈȏț ȊșȍȋȖ Ȋȣ-
ȏȣȊȈȧ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȌȘȖȎȤ Ȋ șȗȐȕȍ
ȅȔȐȓȐȧ șȐȌȍȓȈ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ șȚȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ
ȒțȠȈȓȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȑ ȉȐȜȠȚȍȒș ȏȈȗȐȊȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȘȚȍȘȖȔ
ǪȍȓȤȚȐȡȍȊ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȑ Ȓ Ȏȍȕȍ
— ǶșȚȈȕȖȊȐșȤ ȅȚȖ șȔȍȘȚȤ
ǶȕȈ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȒȘțȋȓȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȦ-
ȡȐȔȐ ȕȐ ȔȣșȓȐ ȕȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȎȐȘȕȣȔ ȧȏȣȒȖȔ ȖȉȓȐȏȣ-
ȊȈȓȈ ȎȐȘȕȣȍ ȧȘȒȖ-ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȋțȉȣ
— Ǫșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȚȍȘȗȍȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȔȐȓȣȑ ǭȠȤ Ȑ
Țȣ ǰ Ȗȕ ȍȓ Ȑ ȗȐȓ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ șȔȍȘȚȕȣȔ
ȒȓțȉȒȖȔ șȢȍȎȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȗȘȖȋȓȖȟȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȐȡȈ ȚȈȔ ȕȐȎȍ ȋȘțȌ-
ȕȖȑ ȒȓȍȚȒȐ
ǪȍȓȤȚȐȡȍȊ țȔȍȘ ȖȚ ȊȖșȗȈȓȍȕȐȧ ȒȐȠȍȟȕȐȒȈ ȅȔȐȓȐȧ Ȗș-
ȚȈȓȈșȤ ȎȐȊȈ Ȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȍȕșȚȊțȍȚ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ
ǶȕȈ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȍ ȕȈșȓȍȌșȚȊȖ ȖȚ ȔțȎȈ Ȑ ȊȌȖȊȍȓȈ
șȒȖȘȉȧ Ȗ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȋȖ
— ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȧ ȍȑ ǩȖȋț ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȉȓȐȏ-

ȒȖȑ ȗȖȌȘțȋȍ, — ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ Ȑ ț ǷȖȓȧ ȊȣȘȍȏȈȕ Ȏȍȓț-
ȌȖȒ ǪȍȚȊȐȞȒȐȑ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ Ȕȕȍ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖ-
șȚȕȣȑ ȘȈȏȘȍȏ ȇ ȌțȔȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ț Ȋșȍȝ ȥȚȐȝ ȉȍȏȎȍȓțȌȖȟȕȣȝ
ȚȈȒ ȀțȚȒȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ
ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȕȈȠȓȈ ȊȣȝȖȌ

151
ǼȆǶǯǸǮ ǯǶǼǹǼDZǮ
ǷȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ǾȍȌȍȘȉȈțȔ șȚȈȓ ȐȏȊȍșȚȍȕ Ȋ ȕȈțȟȕȖȔ ȔȐȘȍ
șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȍȔ ©ǭșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȈȒȖȕȣ ȥșȚȍȚȐȒȐª
ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓ ȚȖȔ ;, Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ Ȑȏ-
ȓȈȋȈȓȈșȤ ȚȍȖȘȐȧ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȝ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȑ ȕȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ ȏȈȘȖ-
ȌȣȠ
ǾȍȌȍȘȉȈțȔ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȚ șȈȔȣȝ ȕȍȒȘȈșȐȊȣȝ ȘȖȌȐ-
Țȍȓȍȑ ȔȖȋțȚ ȘȖȌȐȚȤșȧ ȌȍȚȐ ȈȕȚȐȟȕȖȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ ȍșȓȐ ȉțȌțȚ
ȗȘȐȕȧȚȣ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȔȍȘȣ ǰ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ ȗȘȐ ȕȍȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȝ ȕȍȉȓȈȋȖȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȝ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ ȖȚ ǨȌȖȕȐșȈ Ȑ ǪȍȕȍȘȣ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȗȘȖȐȏȖȑȚȐ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ țȘȖȌȓȐȊȖȍ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȍ
Ǫșȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȦ Ȋ Țȍȝ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧȝ Ȑ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍ-
ȕȐȧȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȦȚ ȖȉȈ șțȗȘțȋȈ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ Ȏȍ ȉțȌț-
ȡȐȍ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ
ǶȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȈȓ țȟȍȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ Ȑ Ȕȍ-
ȌȖȊȖȔț ȔȍșȧȞț ǵȖȊȖȉȘȈȟȕȣȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȖȒȘțȎȐȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȐșȒȓȦ-
ȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȔȐ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȈȔȐ ȗȖșȍȡȈȚȤ ȔțȏȍȐ ȒȈȘȚȐȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȋȈȓȍȘȍȐ ȕȖ ȖȚȕȦȌȤ ȕȍ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈ
ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ ȋȌȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȖ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȐȍ ǵȖ ȖșȖ-
ȉȍȕȕȖ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȖșȚȍȘȍȋȈȚȤșȧ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȒȈȓȍȒ-ȕȐȡȐȝ țȓȐȟ-
ȕȣȝ ȉȖșȧȒȖȊ Ȑ ȕȈ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ǶȟȍȕȤ ȖȗȈșȕȣ Ȋ
ȥȚȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ șȗȘțȚ ȟȍȘȍȗȈȝȈ ȧȡȍȘȐȞȈ ȏȔȍȧ Ȑ ȒȘȖ-
ȒȖȌȐȓ dzțȟȠȍ ȐȏȉȍȋȈȚȤ ȖȉȡȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ș ȒȖȠȒȈȔȐ șȖȉȈȒȈȔȐ Ȗȉȍ-
ȏȤȧȕȈȔȐ ǹȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȊȖșȗȘȍȡȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȐȟȍ-
șȒȐȝ șȈȌȖȊ
ǷȖȌȘȖȉȕȍȑȠȐȍ șȖȊȍȚȣ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȕȍ țȔȍșȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȖȔȍ
;, ȗȖȟȍȔț ǾȍȌȍȘȉȈțȔ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓ ȌȖȉȈȊȖȟȕȖ ȚȖȔȈ ;,, Ȑ ;,,,
Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȘȈȏȊȐȓ ȚȍȖȘȐȦ ȈȕȚȐȥșȚȍȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȧ ȕȈ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ ȏȈȘȖȌȣȠ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ șȓȐȏȕȧȒȖȊ ȟȍȘȊȍȑ Ȑ ȌȈ-
Ȏȍ ȐȕȜțȏȖȘȐȑ ȊȐȌȐȔȣȝ Ȋ ȔȐȒȘȖșȒȖȗ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȘȐ țȊȍȓȐȟȍ-
ȕȐȐ Ȋ 5000 ȘȈȏ
Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ ;,,, ȚȖȔȈ ǾȍȌȍȘȉȈțȔ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȚȤ ȕȖȊțȦ
șȍȘȐȦ ȚȖȔȖȊ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȖȑȌțȚ ȍȋȖ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ
ǻȟȍȕȣȍ ȒȘȐȚȐȒȐ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȥȚȐȔ ȒȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕȣȔ
ȚȘțȌȖȔ Ȑ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȊȠȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȕȈțȟȕȣȔ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȐȍȔ ș ȖșȖȉȣȔ
ȊȖșȝȐȡȍȕȐȍȔ ȞȐȚȐȘȖȊȈȓȐ ȖȌȕȖ ȔȍșȚȖ

152
©ǸȍȠȈȦȡȍȍ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ Ȍȓȧ ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ ȉțȌțȡȍȋȖ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȧ
ȐȔȍȍȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȊșȚțȗȐȊȠȈȧ Ȋ ȉȘȈȒ șȚȈȕȖ-
ȊȐȚșȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȖȑ ǭșȓȐ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȐȔȍȓȐ ȔȍșȚȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȘȐȧȚ-
șȚȊțȦȡȐȍ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȧ ȚȖ ȕȈȚțȘȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȒȈȒ ȒȖȕșȍȘȊȈȚȐȊ-
ȕȈȧ țȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȚ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚȤ ȓȐȕȐȦ ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ Ȑ
ȗȘȐ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȝ ȌȍȚȖȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧȝ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȚȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȉȓȈȋȖȗȘȐȧȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȍ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȦȚșȧª
DzȕȐȋȈ ǾȍȌȍȘȉȈțȔȈ ȘȈȏȖȠȓȈșȤ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȍȔ ȏȈ ȖȌȐȕ
ȔȍșȧȞ Ȑ ȐȏȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȓ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȖȚ țȟȍȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȖ ȕȈ
ȊȚȖȘȖȍ — ȏȈ țȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȕțȦ Ȟȍȕț ǵȖ ȕȍ ȖȌȕȐ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȧȊȐȓȐșȤ
ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȖȔ ȍȋȖ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ șȈȔȖȓȦȉȐȍ ǾȍȌȍȘȉȈț-
ȔȈ ȉȣȓȖ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȖ șȊȍȘȝ ȔȍȘȣ ȔȈșșȖȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȗȐșȍȔ Ȑ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔ
ǹȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȍ Ȑȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ©ǪșȚțȗȐȊȠȐ Ȋ ȉȘȈȒ 9
ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȑ șȓȍȌțȧ ȊȈȠȐȔ șȖȊȍȚȈȔ țȊȈȎȈȍȔȣȑ
ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ Ȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȣ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȔȐ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȈȔȐ
— ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȗȓȖȌ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȕȍșȘȈȊȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ ȗȘȐ
ȧȊȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȈȝ ȋȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ țȔȈª
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȐ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȚȏȣȊȣ ǾȍȌȍȘȉȈțȔ șȖȉȘȈȓ Ȋ
ȚȖȔȍ ;,9 ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȧ ȘȈșȝȖȌȐȊȠȍ-
ȋȖșȧ ș ȚȈȒȐȔ Ȏȍ țșȗȍȝȖȔ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȗȍȘȊȖȍ

153
ǻȟȍȕȣȑ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ǨȒȈȌȍȔȐȐ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȘȈȕ ȐȏȉȘȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ
Ȋ ȗȖȟȍȚȕȣȍ ȟȓȍȕȣ dzȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȈ Ȗ ȍȋȖ ȚȍȖȘȐȐ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ
ȧȏȣȒȈȝ ȌȖșȚȐȋȓȈ 12.750.277 ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘȖȊ ǸȍȌȈȒȚȖȘ ©ǵȤȦ-
DZȖȘȒ ȋȍȘȈȓȤȌȈª ȗȘȐșȓȈȓ ȒȈȉȓȖȋȘȈȔȔț ș ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍȔ țȗ-
ȓȈȚȐȚȤ  ȌȖȓȓȈȘȖȊ ȏȈ ȉțȒȊț ȕȈțȟȕȖ-ȗȖȗțȓȧȘȕȖȋȖ ȜȍȓȤȍ-
ȚȖȕȈ ǶȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ©dzȐȋȈ țȊȍȒȖȊȍȟȍȕȐȧ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ǾȍȌȍȘȉȈț-
ȔȈ ȗȘȐ ȎȐȏȕȐª Ȑ ȗȖȌȗȐșȒȈ ȠȓȈ ș ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔ țșȗȍȝȖȔ
Ǫ ȋȖȘȖȌȒȍ ȋȌȍ ǾȍȌȍȘȉȈțȔ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓ ȓȍȚȖ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȍ
șȌȍȓȈȓȖ Ȋ ȟȍșȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȍșȚȊȖ ǹȖȚȕȐ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȖȌȍȚȣȝ Ȋ
ȉȍȓȖȍ ș ȘȖȏȈȔȐ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ șȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ ȗȖȌ ȉȈȓȒȖȕȖȔ
țȟȍȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȗȍȓȐ ȋȐȔȕ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȠȒȖȓȤȕȣȔ țȟȐȚȍȓȍȔ
Ƕ ǾȍȌȍȘȉȈțȔ ȚȊȖȘȍȞ ȒȘȈșȣ
ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȔ Țȍȉȧ Ȋșȍ Ȕȣ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȋȐȔȕȈ ȠȒȖȓȤȕȣȑ țȟȐȚȍȓȤ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȘȍȟȤ Ȗȉ ǨȗȖȓ-
ȓȖȕȍ ǩȍȓȤȊȍȌȍȘșȒȖȔ ǨȝȐȓȓȍșȍ Ȑ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȍ ǴȈȒȍȌȖȕșȒȖȔ
ǯȈ ȕȐȔ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓ ȗȈșȚȖȘ Ȑ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓ ȟȚȖ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȍ Ǿȍ-
ȌȍȘȉȈțȔȈ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȍȚ ǩȐȉȓȐȐ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȖȏ-
ȌȈȕ ȗȖ ȖȉȘȈȏț Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȉȐȦ ǩȖȎȐȦ ǩȖȋ Ȏȍ ȍșȚȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚ-
ȊȖ ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ
ǹȓțȟȐȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȏȍ ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ǷȈȓȤȞ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ șȓȖ-
ȊȖ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȘȍȟȤ mit Bomben und Granaten*:
— ǹȐȓȈ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍ ȒȘȈșȖȚȈ — ȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖȎȍ ǵȈȔ ȕțȎȕȣ
ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȍ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȍ ȘȍȒȘțȚȣ Ȍȓȧ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȔȐȘȖȊȖ-
ȋȖ ȊȓȈȌȣȟȍșȚȊȈ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ ǶȚȞȣ Ȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ șȓȍȌțȑȚȍ șȖȊȍ-
ȚȈȔ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ ǾȍȌȍȘȉȈțȔȈ ǷțșȚȤ ȌȍȚȐ ȊȈȠȐ ȉțȌțȚ șȐȓȤ-
ȕȣ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣ Ǵȣ ȏȈȊȖȦȍȔ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ ǵȈ ǪȖșȚȖȒ
ȌȘțȏȤȧ ȌȘțȎȕȣȔ ȕȈȚȐșȒȖȔ ǪȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ǹȓȣȠȐȚȍ ȋȘȖ-
ȝȖȚ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȊ Ȑȏ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȐȌȦȑȔȖȊȣȝ ȗțȠȍȒ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȌȘȍȌ-
ȕȖțȚȖȊ" ǹȓȣȠȐȚȍ ȊȏȘȣȊȣ ȚȖȘȗȍȌ ȉȘȖșȈȍȔȣȝ ȞȍȗȍȓȓȐȕȈȔȐ
ȕȈ Ȑȝ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȤ" ǹȊȧȚȖȑ ǴȐȝȍȓȤ ȖȋȕȍȕȕȣȔ ȔȍȟȖȔ ȖșȍȕȧȍȚ
ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȦ ǪȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ǬȈ ȏȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȍȚ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ ǬȈ
ȏȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȦȚ ȕȈȠȐ șȐȓȤȕȣȍ ȊȖȑșȒȈ Ȑ ȜȓȖȚ ǬȈ ȏȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȍȚ
ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ǾȍȌȍȘȉȈțȔ
* ©ɋ ɛɨɦɛɚɦɢ ɢ ɝɪɚɧɚɬɚɦɢª ɧɟɦ.).

154
ǻȟȍȕȣȑ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ ȉȈȓȒȖȕȍ Ȑ Ȑȏ ȋȓȈȏ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȓȐșȤ ȉȓȈȎȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ șȓȍȏȣ
ǵȖ ȊșȧȒȖȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȗȘȖȟȕȖ
Ǫ ȕȈțȟȕȖȔ ȎțȘȕȈȓȍ șȚȖȧȊȠȍȔ Ȋ ȖȗȗȖȏȐȞȐȐ Ȓ ȈȒȈȌȍȔȐ-
ȟȍșȒȖȑ ȕȈțȒȍ Ȑ șȍȧȊȠȍȔ ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȔțȚȣ Ȑ ȘȈȏȌȖȘȣ ȗȖȧȊȐ-
ȓȈșȤ șȚȈȚȤȧ ȉȐȖȓȖȋȈ ǼțȒșȈ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȈȧ Ȋ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ Șȍȏ-
ȒȐȝ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȧȝ
«ǾȍȌȍȘȉȈțȔ — ȚȐȗȐȟȕȣȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ ȕȈțȟȕȖȋȖ ȠȈȘȓȈȚȈȕ-
șȚȊȈ Dz ȊȖȗȘȖșȈȔ ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖȋȐȐ Ȑ ȉȐȖȓȖȋȐȐ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȓȈȋȈȍȚ țȔȖȏȘȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȔȍȚȖȌ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȗȘȖșȚț ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȗȐȠȍȚ ȗȖȌ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȕȈțȟȕȖȋȖ
ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȊȏȌȖȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȍȔț ȊȏȉȘȍȌȍȚ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ǵȈț-
ȒȈ Ȗ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȐ ȏȈȘȖȌȣȠȈ ȥȔȉȘȐȖȓȖȋȐȧ
 ȕȍ ȚȍȘȗȐȚ ȉȍșȗȖȟȊȍȕȕȣȝ
ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȑ ȌȖșȚȖȊȍȘȕȣ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȖȗȣȚ ǰȔȍȓ Ȑȝ ȋ Ǿȍ-
ȌȍȘȉȈțȔ" ǵȍȚ ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȚȏȣȊȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ Ȗȕ ȕȈȗȖȓ-
ȕȐȓ ;,9 ȚȖȔ șȊȖȍȑ ȠȈȘȓȈȚȈȕșȒȖȑ ȔȈȒțȓȈȚțȘȣ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȕȈțȟȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ ȐȔȍȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ Ȑ, ȊȍȘȕȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ, ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȜȈȓȤșȐȜȐ-
ȞȐȘȖȊȈȕȣ șȈȔȐȔ ȋ ǾȍȌȍȘȉȈțȔȖȔ Ȍȓȧ șȈȔȖȘȍȒȓȈȔȣ ǸȖȌȐȚȍȓȐ
ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȟȐȚȈȦȚ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȐȌȍȈȓȖȔ ȒȘȈ-
șȖȚȣ Ȑ ȋȍȕȐȍȔ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ țȘȖȌȖȔ Ȑ ȐȌȐȖȚȖȔ ǹȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȑ ȋ ǾȍȌȍȘȉȈțȔ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ǶȗȣȚȖȊ ȚȈȒȎȍ ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȗș-
ȚȈȍȚșȧ ȖȚ Ȋșȍȑ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȓȍȗȖȑ ȚȍȖȘȐȐ" ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȕȈțȟȕȖȍ ȕȍ-
ȊȍȎȍșȚȊȖ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȋ ǾȍȌȍȘȉȈțȔȖȔ Ȕȣ ȕȈȌȍȍȔșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȏȕȈȍȚ
ȚȍȘȔȐȕ “ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȖȗȣȚ”  ǷțșȚȤ ȗȖȒȈȎȍȚª
ǵȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȖȗȐșȈȚȤ ȕȍȋȖȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ ǾȍȌȍȘȉȈțȔȈ ǵȖ ȟȚȖ
Ȗȕ ȔȖȋ ȊȖȏȘȈȎȈȚȤ ȥȚȖȔț ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȔț ǼțȒșț"
ǭȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ șȗȖșȖȉȖȔ ȗȖșȘȈȔȐȚȤ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐȕȧ-
ȚȐȍ ȊȣȏȖȊȈ
ǾȍȌȍȘȉȈțȔ ȌȖȎȐȊȠȐȑ ȝȖȓȖșȚȧȒȖȔ ȌȖ 52 ȓȍȚ ȎȍȕȐȓșȧ ș
ȕȈțȟȕȖȑ ȞȍȓȤȦ ȕȈ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐȓȍȚȕȍȑ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȘȖȟȕȖȑ ȌȍȊȐȞȍ ǪȐ-
ȓȤȋȍȓȤȔȐȕȍ
— ȇ ȐȔ ȌȖȒȈȎț — ȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ șȚȖȧ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȦȕȖȑ
ȗȣȠȕȖȑ ȕȍȊȍșȚȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȈșȚȖȘȖȔ ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȓȧȦȡȐȔ șȟȈ-
șȚȓȐȊțȦ ȟȍȚț
©ǷȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȖȗȣȚª ȉȣȓ ȖȉșȚȈȊȓȍȕ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔ ȚȘȍȉȖ-
ȊȈȕȐȧȔ ȕȈțȒȐ
ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔȐȕț ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ ȌțȘ-
ȕțȠȒȖȑ Ȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȎȤ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȊȖȍȕȕȈȧ ȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȓȈ ȍȑ ȗȘȖ-

155
ȝȖȌȈ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ
ǵȖ șȈȔ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓ ȎȍȓȈȚȤ ȔȕȖȋȖȋȖ Ȋ ȥșȚȍȚȐȟȍ-
șȒȖȔ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȐ ǭȋȖ ȗȖȌȉȖȘȖȌȖȒ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ ȕȖș Ȉ ȕȖș ȕȈ
ȗȖȌȉȖȘȖȌȖȒ ǪȣȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ Ȓȓȍȡȍȑ Ȑ ȧȊȓȧȓȖșȤ ȉȖ-
ȓȤȠȖȍ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖȞȍȓțȧ dzȐȞȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ
Ȋșȍ ȉȘȐȚȖȍ ǫȖȓȖȊȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȕțȎȌȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȗȈȘȐȒȔȈȝȍ-
Șȍ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȑ ȠȈȘ ș șȍȌȖȑ ȉȈȝȘȖȔȖȑ ȐȌț-
ȡȍȑ ȖȚ țȝȈ Ȓ țȝț ȟȍȘȍȏ ȏȈȚȣȓȖȒ
©ǶȗȣȚª ȕȈȟȈȓșȧ ș ȒȈȘȍȚȣ
— ǴȐȓȈȧ ȕȍ șȔȖȚȘȐ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ dzțȟȠȍ Ȋșȍ-
ȋȖ ȏȈȒȘȖȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǰ ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔȐȕȈ ȍȝȈȓȈ ȏȈȎȔțȘȐȊȠȐșȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ
ȈȕȚȐȥșȚȍȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȑ
ǵȈ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ ȕȖȊȖȉȘȈȟȕȣȝ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȖ șȖȋ-
ȓȈșȕȖ ȚȍȖȘȐȐ ǾȍȌȍȘȉȈțȔȈ
DzȘȈșȖȚȈ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȈ
Ǫ ȖȉȖȧȝ ȒȖȊȘȈȝ ȔȍȉȍȓȐ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈȝ Ȑ șȚȈȚțȧȝ
ǪȖȏȌțȝ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȗȖȍȕ ȕȍȎȕȣȔ ȈȘȖȔȈȚȖȔ ȓȈȕȌȣȠȈ
ǷȖȊșȦȌț ȞȊȍȚȣ șȒȘȣȊȈȓȐ ȕȍȥșȚȍȚȐȟȕȖșȚȤ ȖȒȖȕȕȣȝ ȘȈȔ
Ȑ ȘȍȏȒȖ-ȋȍȖȔȍȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ țȋȓȖȊ
ǯȈ țȎȐȕȖȔ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȍȕȖ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ
ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȍȋȖ ȉțȌțȡȐȍ șțȗȘțȋȐ ȍȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋșȍ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȍ Ǿȍ-
ȌȍȘȉȈțȔ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȕȈȒȘȣȓ șȈȓȜȍȚȒȖȑ ȖȔȈȘȈ Ǫ ȋȓȈȊȍ -Ȗȑ
;,, ȚȖȔȈ ©ǭșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȊ ȥșȚȍȚȐȒȐª ȉȣȓȖ șȒȈȏȈȕȖ
«ǪȐȌ ȘȈȒȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȌțȘȕȖ ȊȓȐȧȚȤ ȕȈ ȒȘȈ-
șȖȚț ȏȈȘȖȎȌȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈª
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ țȌȈȓȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȗȈȓȤȕțȦ
ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȈȓȐȚȈ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȉȓȈȋȖ-
ȗȘȐȧȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȔ ǵȈ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ șȚȖȧȓȖ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȕȖȍ
ȓȖȎȍ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȕȖȍ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ șȚȈȚțȧȔȐ ȓțȟȠȐȝ ȈȕȚȐȟȕȣȝ
ȖȉȘȈȏȞȖȊ DzțȘȐȓȤȕȐȞȣ ȐșȚȖȟȈȓȐ ȜȐȔȐȈȔ
ǾȍȌȍȘȉȈțȔ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȖȊȖȉȘȈȟȕȖȑ ș ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ Șȍ-
ȟȤȦ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȦȡȍȑ ȕȈțȟȕțȦ ȞȍȓȤ ©ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȖȗȣȚȈª,
Ȑ ȗȘȖșȐȓ țȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍ șȗțșȒȈȚȤ ȋȓȈȏ ș ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȝ ȐȏȊȈȧ-
ȕȐȑǯȈȚȍȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȊ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ Ȗ dzȍȌȍ Ȑ ȓȍȉȍȌȍ țȌȈȓȐȓșȧ
ǹȖșȒțȟȐȊȠȐșȤ ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔȐȕȈ ȓȍȋȓȈ șȗȈȚȤ ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȖȚȊȖȘȐ-
ȓȈșȤ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ ǾȍȌȍȘȉȈțȔ ȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȓȍȉȍȌȐȕȖȑ ȖȌȍȎȌȍ ȐȋȘȐ-

156
ȊȖ ȔȈȝȈȧ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘțȋȓȧȧ ȌȓȐȕȕțȦ ȠȍȦ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȌȍȊȧȚȤ ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔȐȕȈ șȖ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȑ țȓȣȉ-
ȒȖȑ țȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȍȔț ȕȈ ȒȖȓȣȉȍȓȤ ǷȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȑșșȓȍ-
ȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȣ ȒȖȘȔȐȓȐȞȣ Ȗȕ ȘȈș-
ȗȍȓȍȕȈȓ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ǫȈȕșȈ Ȑ ȖȚșȚțȗȐȓ Ȋ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȐ ǷȍȘȍȌ
ȕȐȔ ȕȈ ȗȖȌțȠȒȍ ș ȒȘțȎȍȊȕȖȑ ȖȉȖȘȒȖȑ ȓȍȎȈȓȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ
Ȋșȍ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ ș ȕȍȗȖȔȍȘȕȖ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ș
ȊȣȌȈȊȠȐȔȐșȧ ȟȍȓȦșȚȧȔȐ Ȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔ ȘȚȖȔ
— ǶȉȍȏȤȧȕȈ ǶȘȈȕȋțȚȈȕȋ — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȕȍ șȊȖȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
țȟȍȕȣȑ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȑ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȔȍșȧȞ Ȗȕ șȖȖȉ-

ǵȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȊțȝ ȓȍȚ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȧ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ șȕȖȊȈ ȉȐȖȓȖȋ
ǼțȒș
ǹ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȑ ȘȍȏȒȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȋȘțȉȖșȚȤȦ ȊȣșȔȍȧȓ Ȗȕ ©ȗȖȒȈȏȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȖȗȣȚȣª ǾȍȌȍȘȉȈțȔȈ țȗȖȔȧȕțȓ ȌȈȎȍ Ȗ ȍȋȖ ȓȣșȖȑ
ȋȖȓȖȊȍ Ȑ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓ șȚȈȚȤȦ ȋȕțșȕȣȔ ȕȈȔȍȒȖȔ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ
ȘȖȚȔȐșȚȘȈ DzțȘȞ-ǫȈȓȖȗȈ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ Ȋ -ȤȍȔ țȓȈȕșȒȖȔ ȗȖȓȒț
șȊȖȍȑ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȊȖȓȖșȈȚȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȤȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
ǾȍȌȍȘȉȈțȔ ȘȈȏȊȍȓșȧ ș ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔȐȕȖȑ Ȑ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ©ȗȖ--
ȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȖȗȣȚȖȊª ȕȖ ȐȏȌȈȓ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ;;9,, ȚȖȔ ©ǭșȚȍ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȊ ȥșȚȍȚȐȒȐª ȚȘȈȒȚțȦȡȐȑ Ȗ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȐ ȞȐȒȓȖ-
ȕȖȊ Ȑ ȈȕȚȐȞȐȒȓȖȕȖȊ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ ȏȈȘȖȎȌȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȧ

159
ǻdzȁDzǮȅǻǮȍ ǹdzǻȀǮ
I
ǸȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȍ ȗȖȗțȋȈȐ ȒȈȟȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȊȍȚȊȧȝ Ȑ ȉȖȓȚȈȓȐ ȕȈ
ȟȐșȚȍȑȠȍȔ ȗȈȗțȈșșȒȖȔ ȕȈȘȍȟȐȐ ǩȈȉȖȟȒȐ ȒȖȒȍȚȕȐȟȈȓȐ șȊȖȐ-
ȔȐ ȗȍșȚȘȣȔȐ ȕȈȘȧȌȈȔȐ ǷȈȘȈ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕ ȒȘȐȊȓȧȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȋȘȐȔȈș-
ȕȐȟȈȓȈ ǹȍȔȍȑșȚȊȖ ȌȐȒȐȝ șȊȐȕȍȑ ȝȘȦȒȈȓȖ Ȋ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȑ ȓțȎȍ.
ǪșȍȋȖ Ȋ ȌȊțȝ ȠȈȋȈȝ ȒȍȕȋțȘț șȗȘȈȊȓȧȓȐ ȔȍȌȖȊȣȑ ȔȍșȧȞ
— ǴȈȚȤ — ȗȘȐȘȖȌȈ — ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș țȔȐȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ ȍșȚȤ
ǵȈșȣȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ȊȏȧȚȖȑ ș șȖȉȖȦ ȗȘȖȊȐȏȐȍȑ Ȑ ȏȈȗȐȊ ȖȉȍȌ
șȚȈȒȈȕȖȔ ȊȐșȒȐ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊ ȏȈȌȘȍȔȈȓ Ȑ Ȋ ȌȍȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȓȍșț
ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȐșȚȐȕȕȖ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȝȘȈȗ
ǰȔȍȕȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȓȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȗȈȗțȈ-
șȈ ȗȘȖȋțȓȐȊȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ Ȋ ȓȍșț Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ȗȖȓȏȒȖȔ Ȓ ǹȚȍ-
ȗȈȕȖȊț Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȘ Ȋ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȕȖȔ țȎȈșȍ ȗȘȐ ȊȐȌȍ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍ-
ȒȈ ȐȏȌȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȘȚȖȔ Ȑ ȕȖșȖȔ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣȍ ȏȊțȒȐ.

160
ǷȈȗțȈșȣ ȒȈȒ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȝȘȈȗȧȚ ȊȖ șȕȍ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖ-
Ȕț ȥȚȈ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȈ ȌȐȒȈ-
Șȧ Ƕȕ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ șȖȖȉȡȐȚȤ Ȗ ȊȐȌȍȕȕȖȔ Ȑ șȓȣȠȈȕȕȖȔ șȊȖȍȔț
ȗȓȍȔȍȕȐ
— ǩȍȓȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȖȍȚ ȊȖ șȕȍ
Ǫșȍ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ țȉȍȌȐȚȤșȧ ȓȐȟȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖȔ ȐȏȊȍ-
șȚȐȐ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊȈ ȖȒȘțȎȐȓȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȚȖȓȗȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȍ ȗț-
șȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȗȓȧș
Ǫ Ȑșȗțȋȍ Ȗȕ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȍȘ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǫȖȓȣȍ ȚȈȚțȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȘȈșȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȐȒȈȘȐ ȐșȗȖȓ-
ȕȧȓȐ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȈȌșȒȐȑ ȚȈȕȍȞ ȗȖȚȘȧșȈȧ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȒȖȗȤȧȔȐ Ȑ
ȚȖȗȖȘȈȔȐ ǯȈ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȚȈȕȞțȦȡȐȝ ȊȐȌȕȍȓșȧ ȌȘțȋȖȑ Ȑȏ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȐȌȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȚȖȟȒȈȝ ȉȐȓȐ ȒȖȓȖȚțȠȒȈȔȐ ȗȖ
ȊȣȋȕțȚȣȔ ȌȖșȒȈȔ Ȑ ȌțȌȍȓȐ ȐȏȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȐȓ Ȋ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȚȘȖșȚ-
ȕȐȒȖȊȣȍ ȚȘțȉȣ
ǶȟȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ȕȈșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ǴȐȒȓțȝȐ-ǴȈȒȓȈȧ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȎȍșȚ
ǺȈȕȞȣ Ȑ ȔțȏȣȒȈ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ
ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȘȍȟȤ
— ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ȗȈȗțȈșȣ DzȈȗȐȚȈȓȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌșȚ-
ȊȖ șȖȏȌȈȓȖ, ș ȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ, ȠȈȑȒț ȉȈȕȌȐȚȖȊ ȐȔȍȕțȦȡȐȝ
șȍȉȧ ȋȖșȗȖȌșȚȊțȦȡȐȔ ȒȓȈșșȖȔ Ȑ ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȔȕȖȋȖ-
ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȕțȦ ȔȈșșț ȕȍȐȔțȡȍȋȖ Ȑ ȉȍșȗȘȈȊȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȘȐȈ-
ȚȈ ǵȍșȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖșȚȤ ȓȍȎȈȡȈȧ Ȋ ȖșȕȖȊȍ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȋȖ-
șțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȚȘȖȧ ȍșȚȤ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚ ȌȖȓȋȖ-
ȋȖ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȈ ǵȈȚțȘȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȖ ȗȍȘȍȑ-
Ȍȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȜȈȏȣ ȘȈȉȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȤȟȍșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȜȍȖȌȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȈ șȔȍ-
ȕȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȖȔ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ, șȘȍȌȕȍȊȍȒȖȊȣȍ ȘȍȔȍșȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȞȍȝȈ...
ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȓțȚȖȘȈ ȟȈșȖȊ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȈțȌȐȚȖȘȐȐ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȋȖșț-
ȌȈȘșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȉȍșȗȖȡȈȌȕȖ ȖșțȌȐȓ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒțȦ ȞȐȊȐȓȐȏȈȞȐȦ Ȑ
ȒțȓȤȚțȘț ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȓ Ȓ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȈȔ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȗȍȘ-
ȊȖȉȣȚȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȖ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȘȈȏȢȧșȕȐȓ Ȑ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚ-
ȒȐ ȗȈȚȘȐȈȘȝȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȚȘȖȧ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȤșȒȖȑ
ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȕȍȘȈȊȍȕșȚȊȍ Ȋșȍȝ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȈȉȖȡȍȕȐȐ ȎȍȕȡȐ-
ȕȣ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȘȈșșțȌȒȈȝ
— ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ȗȈȗțȈșȣ ȇ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȖȌȊȖȘȐȚȤ șȘȍ-

161
ȌȐ ȊȈș șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȣȑ șȚȘȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ ȕȈțȟȐȚȤ ȊȈș ȊșȍȔț ȝȖ-
ȘȖȠȍȔț ǪȍȌȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȦ
ǸȍȟȤ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȊȠȈȧșȧ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȚȘȍȝ ȟȈșȖȊ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓȈ ȕȈ
ȌȐȒȈȘȍȑ ȗȖȌȈȊȓȧȦȡȍȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ
— ǩȍȓȣȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕț-
ȎȕȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȑȚȐ Ȋ ȓȍș ȕȈȑȚȐ Ȑ țȉȐȚȤ ȒȍȕȋțȘț
ȏȈȎȈȘȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȑ șȢȍșȚȤ
ǩȓȈȋȖȋȖȊȍȑȕȣȑ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓ ȚȖȓȗȖȦ ǪȖȎȌȤ ȗȓȍȔȍ-
ȕȐ ǺȐȚȍȗȍȚȓȍȒȐȒȈȗțȗțȈȕ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ©ǹȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȧȋțȈȘ,
ȓȖȊȒȐȑ ȒȈȒ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȈ Ȑ ȝȐȚȘȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȏȔȍȧª ȗȘȍȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ
ȗȍȘȍȌ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊȣȔ ȕȐȞ Ȑ ȗȖȚȍȘșȧ ȕȖșȖȔ Ȗ ȍȋȖ ȉȘȦȒȐ ǬȐ-
ȒȈȘȐ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȓȐ șȊȖȍ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ ȊȐȏȋȖȔ Ȑ ȊȖȍȔ ǶȚȒȘȣ-
ȓȖșȤ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȠȍșȚȊȐȍ Ȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȗȖȕȍșȓȐ ȕȈ șȍȉȍ
ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȚȦȒȐ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȊȠȐȍ ȉȈȋȈȎ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȈ
ǫȓțȉȖȒȖ ȊȖȏȔțȚȐȓȖ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊȈ ȥȚȖ țȕȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȘȈȊȕȖȗȘȈȊ-
ȕȣȝ ș ȔțȎȟȐȕȖȦ șțȡȍșȚȊ ȕȖ ȗȖȌțȔȈȊ Ȗȕ ȖȚȓȖȎȐȓ ȊȖȏȉțȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȍ ȎȍȕșȒȖȋȖ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈ ȌȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈ
ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊț ȉȣȓ ȖȚȊȍȌȍȕ ȓțȟȠȐȑ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ ȌȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȌȍȕȤ Ȑ ȕȖȟȤ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȓȈ șȚȘȈȎȈ Ȑȏ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ ȊȖȐȕȖȊ
— ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ȗȈȗțȈșȣ ǵȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȌȊȖȘȞȖȊ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȐȓȓȍȋȐȑ Ǵȣ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȣ
ǵȖ ȗȈȗțȈșȣ ȊȖȏȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȉȍȓȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȉȖȎȍșȒȐȍ ȗȖȟȍ-
șȚȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȕȍ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȓȏȒȖȔ
II
ǻȉȍȌȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȕȍșȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȌȐȒȈȘȍȑ ȊȖșȗȘȐ-
ȕȧȚȤ ȐȌȍȦ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖȋȖ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ-
ȋȖ șȚȘȖȧ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȕȈȟȈȚȤ ȘȍȜȖȘȔȣ ș ȉȣȚȈ Ȑ șȖȉȘȈȊ
ȔȐȚȐȕȋ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȘȖȗȖȊȍȌȖȊȈȓ Ȗ ȘȈȊȕȖȗȘȈȊȐȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ș
ȔțȎȟȐȕȖȑ
ǷȈȗțȈșȣ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ-șȊȖȍȔț
Dz ȌȖȔț ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȐ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȗȧȚȤ șȈȔȣȝ
ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȝ ȌȍȊțȠȍȒ ȗȓȍȔȍȕȐ ǰ ȊȖȎȌȤ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǪȖȚ ȚȊȖȐ Ȏȍȕȣ
— ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȎȐȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ș ȖȌȕȖȦ ȎȍȕȖȦ

162
ǪȖȎȌȤ ȖȚȖȠȍȓ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȖȋȖȘȟȍȕȕȣȑ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ
ȎȍȕȈȚ ȠȍșȚȤȦ ȠȍșȚȤ ȘȈȏ Ȑ ȚȖ ȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȔȈȓȖ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ ȎȘȍȞ ǷșȐȒȈȒȈȝțȔ
— ǩȍȓȣȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȎȐȊțȚ ș ȖȌȕȖȑ ȎȍȕȖȑ ǻȒȈȎȐ ȕȈ șȊȖȦ Ȑȏ-
ȉȘȈȕȕȐȞț
ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȚȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ǩȘȈȒ ȗȖȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȍȔț ȉȓȐȎȍ șȖȑȚȐșȤ ș ȕȈȘȖȌȖȔ ǰ Ȗȕ ȊȣȉȘȈȓ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ȗȖ
ȐȔȍȕȐ DzȈȚȓȍȒȈȗȚȐțȘȐ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ©ȖȉȓȈȌȈȦȡȈȧ ȋȘțȌȤȦ
ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȑ ȊȣȔȍȕȐ ȌȐȒȖȑ ȒȖȏȣª — ȊȣșȠȈȧ ȗȖȝȊȈȓȈ ȎȍȕșȒȖȑ
ȒȘȈșȖȚȍ ȗȖ-ȗȈȗțȈșșȒȐ
ǵȍȊȍșȚț ȖȚȌȈȓȐ Ȋ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȈ-
ȔȈȏȈȓȐ ȍȍ ȔȈȏȤȦ ȌȖȉȣȊȈȍȔȖȑ Ȑȏ ȖșȖȉȣȝ Ȏȍȓȍȏ ȟȍȘȕȖȗȍȋȖȑ
ȌȊțțȚȘȖȉȒȐ Ȑ ȖȉȒțȘȐȓȐ șȔȖȓȖȑ ȗȈȝȕțȊȠȍȑ ȐȖȌȖȜȖȘȔȖȔ
ǯȈȚȍȔ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊț ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȖ ȊȣȉȐȚȤ ȌȖȓȖȚȖȔ ȌȊȈ
ȗȍȘȍȌȕȐȝ ȏțȉȈ ț ȉțȌțȡȍȑ șțȗȘțȋȐ Ȋ ȏȕȈȒ ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ȍȍ
ȔțȎț ȕȖ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊ ș ȕȍȋȖȌȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȖȚȊȍȘȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȋȕțșȕȣȑ Ȗȉȣ-
ȟȈȑ
ǵȈ șȊȈȌȍȉȕȖȔ ȗȐȘȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ș ȏȈȊȐșȚȤȦ ȕȖȊȖ-

163
ȉȘȈȟȕȖȑ
— DzȈȒ Țȣ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȈ Ǻȣ ȉțȌȍȠȤ șȗȈȚȤ ț ȕȖȋ ȔțȎȈ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖȍȚ ȊȖ șȕȍ
ǰ DzȈȚȓȍȒȈȗȚȐțȘȐ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȋȖȘȌȐȓȈșȤ ȟȚȖ ț ȕȍȑ ȉț-
ȌȍȚ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȔțȎ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ țȔȍȍȚ ȝȘȈȗȍȚȤ Ȑ
ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȋșȍȑ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȘȖșȚȖȌțȠȕȖȑ ȌȐȒȈȘșȒȖȑ
ȌțȠȖȑ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖȔț șț-
ȡȍșȚȊț Ȑ ȏȈȕȧȓșȧ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȐȍȔ Ȏȍȕȣ ǵȈȏȊȈȓ Ȗȕ ȍȍ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȖ-
șȚȖȚȣ DzȈȚȍȑ
ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊț ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȈ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȗȖȓȕȈȧ șȊȖ-
ȉȖȌȈ ȕȖ ȗȘȐ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȈȝ șȚȘȈȎȈ ȗȖȊșȦȌț ȍȋȖ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȓȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȕȈȟȈȚȤ ȔȐȚȐȕȋȖȊțȦ ȘȍȟȤ «ǺȖȊȈ-
ȘȐȡȐ ȗȈȗțȈșȣ», ȌȐȒȈȘȐ ȉȘȖșȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȗȖȓȏȓȐ ȏȔȐȧ-
ȔȐ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋȈȔ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȖ ȚȍȘȓȐșȤ Ȗ ȕȐȝ ȕȖșȈȔȐ
ǯȈȚȖ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȐȍ DzȈȚȐ ȌȈȓȖ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȍ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȣ ǶȕȈ
șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȚțȟȐȓȈșȤ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȚȤ ȔȈȏȤ Ȑȏ Ȏȍȓȍȏ ȌȊțțȚȘȖȉ-
ȒȐ Ȑ ȖȉȒțȘȐȊȈȚȤșȧ șȔȖȓȖȑ ǪȔȍșȚȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȦȉȐȓȈ ȔȣȚȤșȧ
ȔȈȘșȍȓȤșȒȐȔ ȔȣȓȖȔ Ȑ ȌțȠȐȓȈșȤ ȜȐȈȓȒȖȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȑ ȜȐȘ-
Ȕȣ ǨȚȒȐȕșȖȕ
ǭȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ ȟȍșȈȓȈșȤ ȋȘȍȉȕȍȔ ǹȚȈȓȈ ȡȍȋȖȓȧȚȤ Ȋ ȘȈȞȐȖ-
ȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȎȍȕșȒȖȑ ȖȌȍȎȌȍ șȠȐȚȖȑ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊȣȔ Ȑȏ ȗȘȐȊȍȏȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ș șȖȉȖȦ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȐ ǩȓțȏȒȈ Ȑ ȠȈȘȖȊȈȘȣ
ǵȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȚȔȣȚȤ ȚȈȚțȐȘȖȊȒț ȕȖ ǹȚȍȗȈ-
ȕȖȊ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ǴȐȒȓțȝȈ-ǴȈȒȓȈȑ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȓ ȚȖȔț țȉȍȎȌȍȕȐȦ
ȟȚȖ ȚȈȚțȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȒȘȈșȐȊȍȍ ȓȐȠȍȕȕȣȝ
ȥȚȖȋȖ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȐȧ
Ǫ șȈȔȖȔ ȕȍȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ DzȈȚȧ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈ Ȗȉȣ-
ȟȈȑ ȚȍȘȍȚȤșȧ ȕȖșȖȔ Ȑ țșȊȖȐȓȈ ȊșȦ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȤ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȖȋȖ
ȗȖȞȍȓțȧ ȝȖȚȧ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ Ȋ ȕȖșț șȓțȎȐȓȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȖȔȍȝȖȑ ǵȖ
ȒȈȒȈȧ Ȏȍ ȗȈȗțȈșșȒȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȘȈșșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ ș ȒȖȓȤȞȖȔ ȗȖȚȍ-
Șȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ șȟȐȚȈȍȚșȧ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȐȔ ȗȖȏȖȘȖȔ
ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊ ȏȈȗȘȍȚȐȓ Ȏȍȕȍ șȗȈȚȤ șȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ ț ȕȖȋ șȖȉȈ-
ȒȖȑ Ȑ țșȚțȗȐȓ ȍȑ ȓțȟȠȍȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȕȈ ȉȘȈȟȕȖȔ ȓȖȎȍ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȧșȤ ș ȖȝȖȚȣ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȎȘȍȞȈ ȊȣȝȖ-
ȌȧȡȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ
— ǯȈȟȍȔ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓ DzȈȚȧ"
ǷȈȗțȈșȒȈ ȊȏȧȓȈ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȓȍȊțȦ șȚțȗȕȦ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐ-
ȓȈ Ȋ ȘȖȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȈȓȍȞ ȕȖȋȐ ȅȚȖ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȋȖ șȔț-

164
ȡȍȕȐȧ ǫȖȓȖș ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊȈ ȖȒȘȍȗ Ȋ șȊȐȘȍȗȣȝ ȕȖȚȈȝ ȘȍȊȕȖșȚȐ
— ǶȚȊȍȟȈȑ
ǵȖ DzȈȚȧ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȈ Ȑ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊ, Ȓ șȚȣȌț șȊȖȍȔț, ȖȚșȚȍȋȈȓ
ȍȍ ȗȘțȚȖȔ ȉȓȍȌȕȖ-ȋȖȓțȉȖȑ ȐȊȣ ȘȈșȚțȡȍȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ǷȈȗțȈ-
ȏȐȐ
— ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ — șȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊ. — ȇ ȏȈȉȣȓ
Ȋșȍ șȊȧȚȣȍ ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗȣ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȖȑ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȣ
ǵȈșȚțȗȐȓȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȘȐ șȍȔȍȑȕȣȝ șȞȍȕȈȝ șțȗȘț-
ȎȍșȒȖȍ ȗȘȐȔȐȘȍȕȐȍ, Ȑ DzȈȚȧ ȓȈșȒȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȉȍȓȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț
ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓȈșȤ
— ǷșȐȒȈȒȈȝțȔ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓ țȏȕȈȚȤ, ȉțȌȍȚ ȓȐ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Șȍȉȍ-
ȕȖȒ. ȇ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȉȤȍȚșȧ ȗȖȌ ȔȖȐȔ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ
— DzȈȒȖȍ ȍȔț ȌȍȓȖ"
DzȈȚȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȕȖ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ ȗȘȐȎȈȊȠȐșȤ Ȓ
ȋȘțȌȐ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊȈ
ǹȒȊȖȏȤ ȘȣȌȈȕȐȧ Ȗȕ Ȋ țșȓȣȠȈȓ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȊȣȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȕȐȧ
ȗȈȗțȈșȒȐ
— ȇ Țȍȉȧ ȓȦȉȓȦ ǺȊȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȕȍȎȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ț ȋȖȓȖȋȖ ȌȍȚȍ-
ȕȣȠȈ ȌȊțțȚȘȖȉȒȐ ǵȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț ȟȚȖȉȣ Țȍȉȧ șȢȍȓȐ
ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȝȖȓȖȌȖȒ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ
șȗȐȕȍ Ȉ ȊȖ ȘȚț șȚȈȓȖ șțȝȖ
— DzȈȒ șȢȍȓȐ" ǯȈ ȟȚȖ"
— ǶȕȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ șȢȍȌȐȔ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȑ ȉțȌȍȔ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ
ȗȍȚȤ ȊȖ șȕȍ Ȑ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ǩ ȕȈȠȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȧȚ ȒȈȒȖȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȠȐ ȔțȎȤȧ ȉț-
ȌțȚ ȗȍȚȤ ȊȖ șȕȍ ǰ ȍȡȍ ȕȈȠȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȝȖȚȧȚ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȚȈ-
ȒȖȍ ȗȖȞȍȓțȑ
ǺțȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊ țȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȌțȘȕȈȧ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȈ ȝȘȈ-
ȗȍȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ Ȋ ǭȊȘȖȗȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖȊȖȌȖȔ Ȍȓȧ ȘȈȏȊȖȌȈ
ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋ Ȋ ȗȈȗțȈșșȒȐȝ ȌȈȔȈȝ
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȊșȍȔț ȥȚȖȔț ȔȖȎȕȖ ȕȈțȟȐȚȤșȧ — țȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ
ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊ ȏȈ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȠȈȕș șȗȈșȍȕȐȧ
— ǵȍȚ ȖȕȐ ȝȖȚȧȚ Țȍȉȧ șȢȍșȚȤ Ȑ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȗȍȘȍȑȌȍȚ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ
Țȣ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ Ȑ țȔȍȍȠȤ ǺȈȒ ȊȍȌȤ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ ǭșȓȐ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒ ȖȟȍȕȤ țȔȕȣȑ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȌȖ șȢȍșȚȤ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȗȖțȔȕȍȦȚ Ǩ ȔȖȏȋ
ȍȋȖ ȌȍȓȧȚ ȔȍȎȌț șȖȉȖȦ ȊȖȎȌȤ Ȑ ȎȘȍȞ ǰ Țȍȉȧ ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ
șȢȍȌȧȚ ǶȕȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȎȌȈȓȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȊȖȘȖȟȈȓșȧ Șȍȉȍ-
ȕȖȒ ǭȋȖ șȌȍȓȈȦȚ ȎȘȍȞȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȊȣȘȈșȚȍȚ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȚȘȐ Ȍȕȧ

165
șȖȉȍȘȍȚșȧ Ȋșȍ ȗȓȍȔȧ Ȑ Țȍȉȧ țȉȤȦȚ Ȑ ȏȈȎȈȘȧȚ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȉțȌțȚ
ȍșȚȤ ǰ-ȋȈ-ȋȈ-ȋȈ
DzȈȚȧ ȉȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȣȝ ȘȣȌȈȕȐȧȝ
ǻ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊȈ ȏȈȊȍȘȚȍȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȒȈȘțșȍȓȤ ǪȖȚ Țȍȉȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖ-
șȊȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȗȈȗțȈșȖȊ ǵȍȚ Ȋ șȚȈȘȖȑ ǭȊȘȖȗȍ ș ȍȍ ȉțȘȎțȈȏȕȣȔ
ȌȍșȗȖȚȐȏȔȖȔ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȓțȟȠȍ ǿȚȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ" ǩȍȎȈȚȤ" ǵȍ-
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȍȚ șȚȘȈȎȈ
ǻȉȍȌȐȚȤ ǵȈȌȖ țȉȍȌȐȚȤ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ǸȈșșȍȧȚȤ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȘȈșșțȌȖȒ
ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤ ǺȖȚȟȈș ȍȋȖ ȖȒȘțȎȐȓȈ Ȗȋ-
ȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȚȖȓȗȈ
— ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ȗȈȗțȈșȣ
ǵȖ ȖȕȐ țȎȍ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȎȐȊȖȚȈȝ ǸȈȏȊȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ Ȋ ȟȍȔ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ țȉȍȌȐȚȤ șȗȐȕȣ Ȑ ȏȈȚȣȓȒȐ"
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȌȖ șȓțȝȈ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊȈ ȌȖȕȍșșȧ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȏȊțȒ
Ȑȏ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȐȝ ȒțșȚȖȊ DzȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȠȐȗȍȓȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȏȔȍȧ ǷȖ-
ȉțȎȌȈȍȔȣȑ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȖȔ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȚțȌȈ
— ǶȓȤ ȘȈȑȚ Ǫȣ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȥȒșȗȘȍșșȐȍȑ
ȓȐȞȈ — ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ șțȝȖȑ ȚȘȍșȒțȟȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȉȘȐȚȖȋȖ ȝțȌȖ-
ȡȈȊȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȖȌȍȚȖȋȖ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȉȍȓȖȍ ș șȐȋȈȘȖȑ ȊȖ ȘȚț. — ȇ
ȕȍ ȗȘȖȟȤ ȊȈș ȗȘȖȐȕȚȍȘȊȤȦȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ǸȍȒȖȔȍȕȌțȦșȤ ǬȎȖȕȈ-
ȚȈȕ ǼȖȘșȚ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ ȜȐȘȔȣ ǪȐȓȤșȖȕ Ȑ Dz0 ǻ ȕȈș ȓțȟ-
ȠȐȍ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ ȒȐȕȍȔȈȚȖȋȘȈȜȣ șȥȘ
III
ǼȖȘșȚ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȊ «ȓțȟȠȐȑ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ» ȒȐȕȍȔȈȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍș-
ȒȐȑ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊț ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȝȐȎȐȕț
ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ȖȋȘȈȌȖȑ ȗȈȗțȈșșȒȖȋȖ ȝȘȈȔȈ
— ǪȖȚ ȋȌȍ ȧ ȎȐȊț țȎȍ ȠȍșȚȖȑ ȔȍșȧȞ șȥȘ ǵȖ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈ-
ȕȍȞ șȥȘ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȕȈ ȊșȧȒȐȍ ȓȐȠȍȕȐȧ Ȍȓȧ «ȌȍȓȈ». ǺȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ
ȌȍȊȧȚȤ ȓȍȕȚ Ȑȏ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȗȈȗțȈșȖȊ Ǫșȍ ȖȉȣȟȈȐ Ȑ ȖȉȘȧȌȣ ȇ
ȖȎȐȌȈȦ ȓȐȠȤ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ șȖȘȖȒȖȊțȦ ȓȍȕȚț Ƕ
ȥȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȈȧ șȍȕșȈȞȐȧ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ șȥȘ ǵȈ ȔȖȐȝ ȓȍȕ-
ȚȈȝ ȜȐȘȔȈ ǪȐȓȤșȖȕ Ȑ Dz0 ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕ ȌȖȓȓȈȘȖȊ ǷȈ-
ȗțȈșȣ ȗȘȐȕȖșȧȚ Ȋ ȎȍȘȚȊț ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȑ șȢȍȌȈȦȚ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ

166
ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȟȕȖȔ ȗȐȘț.
ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊ șȚȖȧȓ ȒȈȒ ȖȋȓțȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȧ
ǺȘȍșȒțȟȐȍ ȜȘȈȏȣ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȉȍȏ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ. Ƕȕ ȚȖ-
ȓȤȒȖ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚ ȍȔț șȗȈșȚȐșȤ ȖȚ ȌȐȒȈȘȍȑ
ǬȎȖȕȈȚȈȕ ǼȖȘșȚ ȌȖșȚȈȓ ȉțȚȣȓȒț ȊȐșȒȐ ȌȊȈ șȚȈȒȈȕȈ
ȕȈȓȐȓ Ȑȝ ȌȖ ȒȘȈȍȊ Ȑ șțȕțȓ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊț șȐȋȈȘț ȌȓȐȕȖȦ Ȋ ȗȖȓ-
ȈȘȠȐȕȈ
— ǹȈȔȖȍ ȚȘțȌȕȖȍ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ Ȍȍȓȍ șȥȘ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȓȈȌȐȚȤ ș ȌȐ-
ȒȈȘȧȔȐ ǶȕȐ ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣ șȢȍȓȐ ȕȖ ȉȖȧȚșȧ ȒȐȕȍ-
ȔȈȚȖȋȘȈȜȈ ȇȡȐȒ-ȏȔȍȧ ȗȖ Ȑȝ șȓȖȊȈȔ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȧ șȕȧȓ ȔȖȔȍȕ-
ȚȈȓȤȕțȦ ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȦ ș ȊȖȎȌȧ Ȑ ȎȘȍȞȈ ǶȉȈ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ Ȋ țȎȈș

167
țȊȐȌȈȊ șȊȖȐ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ǻȔȖȓȧȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ șȕȧȚȤ ș ȕȐȝ ȒȖȓ-
ȌȖȊșȚȊȖ ǵȖ ȧ ȌȍȘȎț ȥȚȖ șȘȍȌșȚȊȖ ȗȘȖ ȏȈȗȈș ǷțșȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȖȧȚ-
șȧ ǪȖȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȉȣ ȌȖȎȌȈȚȤșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȎȍȘȚȊȖȗȘȐȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ȇ
țșȚȈȓ șȥȘ șȖȏȕȈȦșȤ țșȚȈȓ ǵȖ ȒȈȒȈȧ șȓȈȊȈ dzȍȕȚȣ ǬȎȖ-
ȕȈȚȈȕȈ ǼȖȘșȚȈ ǭȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ
— ǵȖ ȒȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȒȖȋȖ ȖȕȐ ȝȖȚȧȚ ȗȘȐȕȍșȚȐ Ȋ ȎȍȘȚȊț" —
ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊ
ǼȖȘșȚ Ȋȣȕțȓ ȐȏȖ ȘȚȈ șȐȋȈȘț Ȑ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ țȌȐȊ-
ȓȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȚȈȘȈȡȐȊ ȋȓȈȏȈ
— DzȈȒ ȒȖȋȖ" ǬȈ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ, ȊȈș șȥȘ ȅȚȖȚ ȊȖȗȘȖș țȎȍ
ȌȈȊȕȖ ȘȍȠȍȕ ȕȈ șȖȊȍȚȍ șȚȈȘȠȐȕ ȇ șȕȧȓ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȉȣȚȐȍ ȊȈȠȍ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȦ ȔȐȚȐȕȋ ȗȈȗțȈșȖȊ ȊȈȠȍ șȊȈȚȖȊșȚȊȖ
șȊȈȌȍȉȕȣȑ ȗȐȘ Ȋȣ — ȕȈ ȖȝȖȚȍ Ȋȣ ȒțȗȈȍȚȍșȤ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș Ȏȍ-
ȕȖȑ-ȗȈȗțȈșȒȖȑ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȚȘȐ Ȍȕȧ ȓȍȕȚȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȍȕȈ
ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ șȍȑȟȈș ȘȈ-
ȏȖȘȊȍȚșȧ șȍȘȌȞȍ
— ǹȗȈșȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ǬȈȑȚȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ǷȖȔȖȋȐ-
Țȍ ǬȎȖȕȈȚȈȕ ǼȖȘșȚ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȗțșȒȈȧ ȒȖȓȤȞȈ ȚȈȉȈȟȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȌȣȔȈ
— ȅȚȖ ȐȌȍȧ șȥȘ ǿțȌȕȈȧ ȐȌȍȧ! Ǵȕȍ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ
ȊșȚȈȊȐȚȤ Ȋ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ ȓȐȠȕȦȦ ȓȍȕȚț ǹȖȘȖȒ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ǺȈȐȕșȚ-
Ȋȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȓ ȗȖȉȍȋț ȊȈȠȍ ȉȍȋșȚȊȖ ȗȖȋȖȕȧ ȊȈș
ȓȖȊȧȚ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȊȍȌțȚ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȦ ǷȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȖ șȥȘ
ȇ Ȓ ȊȈȠȐȔ țșȓțȋȈȔ ǹȓȖȊȖ ǬȎȖȕȈȚȈȕȈ ǼȖȘșȚȈ
DzȈȒ ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȑ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ ǿȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
ȕȈȌȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ǭȋȖ ȝȐȎȐȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȓȕȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ. DzȈȚȧ
șȐȌȍȓȈ ȗȖșȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ Ȑ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȖ ȗȘȐȟȐȚȈȓȈ
— ǩȍȓȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȘȈȏțȟȐȓșȧ ȗȍȚȤ ȊȖ șȕȍ ǩȍȓȣȑ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒ ȘȈȏțȟȐȓșȧ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ǩȍȓȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȘȈȏțȟȐȓșȧ
ȞȍȓȖȊȈȚȤ
Ǩ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȧȘȖșȚȕȖ ȗȖȌȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȐ ȝȖȘȖȔ
— ǩȍȓȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȘȈȏțȟȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȐȒ-
ȚȖ ȕȍ șȚȈȕȍȚ ȍșȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȌȘȧȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ
ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ Ȓ Ȏȍȕȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȉȐȓȐ
ȍȋȖ ȗȓȍȊȈȓȐ ȍȔț Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȔȈȏȈȓȐ ȕȍȟȐșȚȖȚȈȔȐ ȊșȧȟȍșȒȐ Ȋȣ-
ȘȈȎȈȧ șȊȖȍ ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț țȎȍ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȕȈ-
ȌȍȍȚȤșȧ țȌȖșȚȖȐȚȤșȧ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȍȑ ȟȍșȚȐ — ȉȣȚȤ șȢȍȌȍȕȕȣȔ

168
ǺȈȒ țȔȕȈȧ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȈȧ DzȈȚȧ șȗȈșȓȈ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊȈ Ȑ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȐȔ
ȕȍ ȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ țȑȚȐ Ȑȏ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ ǶȕȐ ȌȖșȚȐȋȓȐ ȈȕȋȓȐȑ-
șȒȖȑ ȜȈȒȚȖȘȐȐ șȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ Ȑ țȍȝȈȓȐ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȦ ȋȌȍ șț-
ȗȘțȋȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȖȠȓȐșȤ Ȋ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȐȧȝ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊ ȊșȚț-
ȗȐȓ Ȋ ǹȖȦȏ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ Ȑ ȧȘȖșȚȕȖ ȋȘȖȔȐȓ Ȋșȍȝ ȐȕȖȘȖȌ-
ȞȍȊ Ȉ ȗȈȗțȈșȒȈ DzȈȚȧ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȕȈ ǩȍșȚțȎȍȊșȒȐȍ ȒțȘșȣ
ǨȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȈȧ ȜȐȘȔȈ ȓțȟȠȐȝ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ ȒȐȕȍȔȈȚȖȋȘȈȜȖȊ
ǪȐȓȤșȖȕ Ȑ Dz0 ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȈ ȕȈ șȊȖȑ șȟȍȚ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȦ Ȋ ǷȈ-
ȗțȈȏȐȦ Ȍȓȧ ȘȈȏȣșȒȈȕȐȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȧ ǬȎȖȕȈȚȈȕȈ
ǼȖȘșȚȈ
DzȐȕȍȔȈȚȖȋȘȈȜ ȓȍȕȚȣ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȊȍȡȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȑȌȍȕȣ Ȋ Ȟȍ-
ȓȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȗȈȗțȈșȒȖȔ ȝȘȈȔȍ ǬȕȍȊȕȐȒ ȒȖȕȟȈȓșȧ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȑ ȏȈ-
ȔȍȚȒȖȑ «Dz șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȦ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ țȌȈșȚșȧ șȕȧȚȤ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ
ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈ».
Ǩ ȕȈ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȟȓȍȕȖȊ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȐ ȋȌȍ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ȊȖȎȌȤ ȗȈȗțȈșȖȊ ǺȐȚȍȗȍȚȓȍȒȐȒȈȗțȗțȈȕ șȚȣȌȓȐȊȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȊ
ȋȓȈȏȈ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ

— Ƕȕ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȊȒțșȍȕ
ǪȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȝ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȖșȤ
șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ ȖȉȢȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ
ʣ˃˄˓ˋˍ˃ ˍˋːˈˏ˃˕ˑˆ˓˃˗ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋ˘ ˎˈː˕ ʑˋˎ˟˔ˑː ˋ ʙ0
ʔˇˋː˔˕˅ˈːː˞ˈ ˅ ˏˋ˓ˈ ˎˈː˕˞ ʓˉˑː˃˕˃ː˃
ʣˑ˓˔˕˃ǡ ˋˊˑ˄˓˃ˉ˃ˡ˜ˋˈ ˉˋˊː˟ ˋ ˑ˄˞˚˃ˋ ʞ˃˒˖˃˔ˑ˅Ǩ
ʞˑ ːˈ˒˓ˈˇ˅ˋˇˈːː˞ˏ ˑ˄˔˕ˑˢ˕ˈˎ˟˔˕˅˃ˏǡ ˕˃ˎ˃ː˕ˎˋ˅˞ˌ ˒˓ˈˇ-
˔˕˃˅ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ ː˃˛ˈˌ ˗ˋ˓ˏ˞ ʓˉˑː˃˕˃ː ʣˑ˓˔˕ ːˈ ˏˑˆ ˊ˃ˍˑː˚ˋ˕˟
ˊ˃ˏˈ˚˃˕ˈˎ˟ː˖ˡ ˔ˈ˓ˋˡ ˔˅ˑˋ˘ ˎˈː˕Ǥ ʐˈˎ˞ˌ ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈˍǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓ˑˆˑ
˒˃˒˖˃˔˞ ˋˏˈˎˋ ˅ ˅ˋˇ˖ ˔˝ˈ˔˕˟ ː˃ ˒˓˃ˊˇːˋ˚ːˑˏ ˒ˋ˓˖ǡ ːˈ ˑ˒-
˓˃˅ˇ˃ˎ ˅ˑˊˎ˃ˆ˃˅˛ˋ˘˔ˢ ː˃ ːˈˆˑ ː˃˛ˈˌ ˗ˋ˓ˏˑˌ ː˃ˇˈˉˇ ˋ ˔ˍ˓˞ˎ-
˔ˢ ˄ˈˆ˔˕˅ˑˏǤ ʑ˔ˎˈˇ˔˕˅ˋˈ ˠ˕ˑˆˑ ˒˓ˋˆˎ˃˛˃ˈˏ ˎˋ˙ǡ ː˃ˏˈ˓ˈ˅˃ˡ-
˜ˋ˘˔ˢ ˎˋ˛ˋ˕˟ ˔ˈ˄ˢ ˅ ːˈ˒˓ˑˇˑˎˉˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˈˈ ˅˓ˈˏˈːˋ ˉˋˊːˋǡ
ː˃ ˔ˎˈˇ˖ˡ˜ˋ˘ ˖˔ˎˑ˅ˋˢ˘Ǥ ʝˊː˃˚ˈːːˑˈ ˎˋ˙ˑ ˑ˕˒˓˃˅ˋ˕˔ˢ ˒ˑˇ ˓˖-
ˍˑ˅ˑˇ˔˕˅ˑˏ ː˃˛ˈˆˑ ˒˓ˈˇ˔˕˃˅ˋ˕ˈˎˢ ˅ ˔˕˓˃ː˖ ˒˃˒˖˃˔ˑ˅ǡ ˆˇˈ ˒ˑ-
ˊ˅ˑˎˋ˕ ˄ˈ˔˒˓ˈ˒ˢ˕˔˕˅ˈːːˑ ˔ˈ˄ˢ ˔˝ˈ˔˕˟ ˎˡˇˑˈˇ˃ˏǤ ʙˑˆˇ˃ ˏ˞
˒ˑˎ˖˚ˋˏ ˎˈː˕˖ ˔ ˋˊˑ˄˓˃ˉˈːˋˈˏ ˠ˕ˑˆˑ ˔ˑ˄˞˕ˋˢǡ ˓ˑˇ˔˕˅ˈːːˋ-
ˍ˃ˏ ˋˎˋ ˋː˞ˏ ˎˋ˙˃ˏǡ ˒ˑ ˒˓ˋˍ˃ˊ˖ ˔˝ˈˇˈːːˑˆˑǡ ˖˒ˎ˃˚ˈːˑ ˄˖-
ˇˈ˕ ͷͲǤͲͲͲ ˇˑˎˎ˃˓ˑ˅Ǥ
ʑˋˎ˟˔ˑː ˋ ʙ0ǡ ʐ˃ˎ˕ˋˏˑ˓Ǥ
ǶȝȖȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȖȒȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȕȈȠȓȖșȤ ǵȍ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȓȐ"

170
Ǹ ǵǰdzǵDzǮǺ
I
ǷȖȓȤ dzȍȜȍȊȘ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȊȣȉȐȚȤșȧ Ȑȏ ȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȐ
ǪșȍȋȌȈ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓȈșȤ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑ ȚȈ Ȏȍ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ Ƕȕ ȏȈȌțȔȣ-
ȊȈȓ ȕȖȊțȦ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț Ȑ ȊȍșȤ ȋȖȘȍȓ ȖȋȕȍȔ ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ǬțȔȈȓ
Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ȉțȌțȡȍȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȐ ǰ ȏȈȌȖȓ-
ȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȊȏȧȚȤ ȒȐșȚȤ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȔȍȟȚȈȓ ȞȍȓȣȔȐ ȟȈșȈ-
ȔȐ Ȗ ȉțȌțȡȍȔ
ǪȖȚ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȊȣșȚȈȊȒȍ Ƕȕ ȊȔȍȠȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȓȗț Ȑ șȓȣ-
ȠȐȚ ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȚȏȣȊȣ
— DzȈȒȖȑ ȚȈȓȈȕȚ ǯȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȦȦ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȤ ȊȍȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȧȊ-
ȓȧȓȖșȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ ȅȚȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȖȊȈȧ ȠȒȖȓȈ
ǺȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȕȖ ȟțȚȒȖȍ țȝȖ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ ȓȖȊȐȚ ȚȐ-
ȝȐȑ ȕȍȎȕȣȑ ȓȍȗȍȚ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȝ ȌȍȊȐȟȤȐȝ ȋțȉ
— ȇ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȉȣ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ dzȍȜȍȊȘȈ Ƕȕ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȑ
ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ Ȑ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȍ-ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȍ șȍȘȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ȊȐȌȧȚ ȌțȠț ȕȈșȒȊȖȏȤ
ǵȈțȚȘȖ ȟȐȚȈȍȚ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ǪșȦȌț ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȘȍȞȍȕȏȐȐ
©dzȍȜȍȊȘ ǹ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȎȐȊȖȗȐșȤ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȕȈȟȈȚȤ ȕȖȊțȦ ȥȘț.
ǽțȌȖȎȕȐȒ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȐȓ ȊȍȓȐȒțȦ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔț ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ
ǰșȒȈȕȐȧ ȌțȝȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ șȖȍȌȐȕȐȓȐșȤ ș ȒȘȈșȖȚȖȑ
ȜȖȘȔȣ ǷȖșȓȍ șȍȘȣȝ șțȔȍȘȍȒ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ ȊȏȖȠȓȈ ȏȈȘȧ Ȑ
ȉȓȍșȕțȓȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȓțȟȐ șȖȓȕȞȈ ǰ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȥȚȖ șȒȈȎȍȔ șȔȍ-
ȓȖ — ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ dzȍȜȍȊȘȈª
Ƕ ȋȈȏȍȚȕȣȍ ȘȍȞȍȕȏȍȕȚȣ țȔȍȦȚ ȗȐșȈȚȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȝȖȚȧȚ
ǷțșȚȤ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȍțȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȦȚ ȓȤșȚȧȚ ȕȖ Ȑȝ ȓȍșȚȤ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȐȧȚ-
ȕȈ ȚȈȒ ȖȉȖȌȘȧȍȚ ǿțȊșȚȊțȍȠȤ șȍȉȧ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȚȣȔ ȋȖȘȌȣȔ Ȋ
șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ șȊȖȐȝ; țȌȈȟȈ — ȊȖȚ șȍȒȘȍȚ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȊȖȚ
ȚȈȑȕȈ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ
ǰ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȓ dzȍȜȍȊȘț ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȉȖȋȈȟ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȈȔȍ-
ȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȑ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȍȘ Ȑ ȗȖȒțȗȈȍȚ ȔȖȌȕțȦ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț ȏȈ ȉȍȠȍ-
ȕȣȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ
ǰșȗȖȓȕȧȍȚșȧ ȌȈȊȕȐȠȕȧȧ ȔȍȟȚȈ dzȍȜȍȊȘ ȍȌȍȚ ȕȈ ǪȖșȚȖȒ

171
ǪȐȌȐȚ ȗȐȘȈȔȐȌȣ șȜȐȕȒșȈ ǬȈȓȤȠȍ Ȋ ǨȏȐȦ ǪȖșȚȖȟȕȈȧ ȘȖ-
șȒȖȠȤ ȉȈȧȌȍȘȒȐ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȓțȔȘȈȒ ȐȕȌȐȑșȒȐȝ ȝȘȈ-
ȔȖȊ DzȐȚȈȑ ǺȐȉȍȚ ǪșȦȌț ȗȖȉȣȊȈȍȚ Ȗȕ Ȑ șȦȌȈ ȕȈ ȘȖȌȐȕț
ȗȘȐȕȍșȍȚ ȊȍȓȐȒțȦ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȈȕȕțȦ ȐȔ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȚȈȑȕț ǪȖșȚȖ-
ȒȈǰȔȧ ȍȋȖ ȋȘȍȔȐȚ ȐȔȧ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ țșȚȈȝ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ
—dzȍȜȍȊȘ dzȍȜȍȊȘ
ǰ ȌȈȎȍ ȎȐȊȣȍ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȣ ȏȈșȍȌȈȦȡȐȍ Ȋ ȈȒȈȌȍȔȐȐ ȐȏȉȐ-
ȘȈȦȚ ȍȋȖ Ȋ «ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȕȣȍ» ȗȖȌȟȐȕȧȧșȤ ȋȖȓȖșț ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȈȘȖ-
ȌȈDzȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȖȚȕȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ ȔȈȏȒȈ dzȍȜȍȊȘ țȎȍ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȎȐȊȈȓ ȎȈȌȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȧ șȓȈȊȣ Ȑ ȗȐȓ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕțȦ
ȟȈȠț ȓȍșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȋȖȘȌȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț șȔȖȚ-
Șȧ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ șȊȣșȖȒȈ Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ
— dzȍȜȍȊȘ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓ ȕȖȊțȦ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ
ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖȉȔȈȕȍȚ — ȗȖșȔȍȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȒȈȉȈȟȒȍ ȋȌȍ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ
ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȐ
dzȍȜȍȊȘ ȊȝȖȌȐȓ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȑ Ȑ ȋȖȘȌȣȑ șȈȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ țȋȓț ȏȈ ȖȚ-
ȌȍȓȤȕȣȑ șȚȖȓȐȒ Ȑ ȗȐȓ ȊȐȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȧ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȊȌȈȓȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊȣ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ
ǭȋȖ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ Ȋ ȗȖȒȖȍ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȋȓȧȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȠȓȐ Ȓ ȕȍ-
Ȕț ȞȍȓȖȑ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȐȍȑ șȖ șȚȈȒȈȕȈȔȐ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ Ȑ ȟȖȒȈȓȐșȤ
— ǯȈ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȍȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ Ȋ ;; ȊȍȒȍ
dzȍȜȍȊȘ ȏȓȐȓșȧ ǶȚȊȍȟȈȓ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȋȘțȉȖ ǹșȖȘȐȓșȧ ȖșȒȖȘ-
ȉȓȧȓ ǻȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȊ ȊșȍȔ ȒȖȓȒȐȝ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖșȚȍȑ ǰ Ȗș-
ȚȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ
— DzȈȒȖȑ ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ƕȕ ȊȍȌȤ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
țȉȍȎȌȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ Ȉ ȒȈȎȌȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȘ-
ȚȐȕȈ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ș ȚȘȍșȒȖȔ
— Ǩ ȟȚȖ ǹȦȏȍȚȚȈ"
— ǷȖ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȦ ȗȖȏȐȘțȍȚ ȍȔț ȌȈȘȖȔ ǪȓȦȉȓȍȕȈ Ǩ
Ȗȕ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ ș ȕȍȑ ȝțȎȍ ȟȍȔ ș ȋȖȘȕȐȟȕȖȑ ǮȈȓȤ ȚȈȒȈȧ
ȔȐȓȈȧ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ Ȑ ȊȖȏȐȚșȧ ș ȚȈȒȐȔ ȕȍȋȖȌȧȍȔ
— ǵț țȎ Țȣ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȕȍȋȖȌȧȑ"
— Ǩȝ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ǭșȓȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȏȕȈ-
ȟȐȚ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȏȕȈȦ
ǰ ȊȖȒȘțȋ dzȍȜȍȊȘȈ ȕȍȓȦȌȐȔȖȋȖ ȗȓȖȝȖȋȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ șȈȔȖ-
ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȉȍȏțȔȞȈ ȠȐȗȍȓȈ ȏȓȖȉȕȈȧ ȉȍȏȣȔȧȕȕȈȧ șȗȓȍȚ-

172
ȕȧ șȖȚȒȈȕȕȈȧ Ȑȏ ȗȖȓțȕȈȔȍȒȖȊ Ȑ ȕȍȌȖȋȖȊȖȘȍȕȕȣȝ șȓȖȊ DzȈ-
ȏȈȓȖșȤ ȒȘțȎȒț ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȖȊ ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖ ȖșȖȉȖȍ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ
ȚȘȈȊȐȚȤ ȏȓȖșȓȖȊȐȚȤ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȒȓȍȊȍȚȈȚȤ Ǩ ȕȈȘȧȌț ș
ȥȚȐȔ Ȋșȍ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ǴȈȘȍ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȕȈ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȐ ț
șȚȈȘțȝȐ ȟȚȖ DzȈȓȤȔȖȕ ȗȘȖȋȕȈȓ Ȏȍȕț ș ȚȘȍȔȧ ȌȍȚȤȔȐ ȕȈ țȓȐ-
Ȟț Ȉ șȈȔ ȗȖșȍȓȐȓșȧ ș ȘȈșȗțȚȕȖȑ ǷȖȓȐȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȏȊȈȕȕȖȑ ǸȐ-
ȒȖȠȍȚȕȖȑ Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȕȍ ȚȖȘȋțȍȚ șȊȖȍȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȞȍȑ ȟȚȖ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȐȍ ȉȓȦȌȖȓȐȏȕȐȟȈȦȚ ț ȉȖȋȈȚȣȝ ȗȐȠțȚ ȗȖ ȏȈȒȈȏț ȗȖȘȕȖȋȘȈ-
ȜȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ Ȉ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ dzȦȒȈșȈ ȌȖșȚȖȊȍȘȕȖ Ȑȏ-
ȊȍșȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȑ ȠȗȐȖȕ Ȑ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȗȘȖȌȈȎȍȑ șȊȖȍȑ
ȘȖȌȐȕȣ
ǰ ȊȍșȤ ȥȚȖȚ șȉȘȖȌ ș ȋȘȧȏȕȣȔ ȗȘȖȠȓȣȔ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ
ȋȘȧȏȕȣȔ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȔ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȓ Ȑ ȚȘȈȊȐȓ dzȍȜȍȊȘȈ Ȑ ȠțȔ-
ȕȖ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ ȒȈȎȌȖȔț ȍȋȖ ȕȍțșȗȍȝț
Ǩ ȍȔț ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȍȏȓȖ ǾȍȓȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȗȕ ȏȈȌȈ-
ȊȈȓșȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȘȍȊȣȠȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȚȈȓȈȕȚ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȔțȟȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȚț-
ȋȈȝ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȈ ȗȣȚȈȧșȤ șȖȏȌȈȚȤ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȍ Ȑ ȌȈȊȈȧ ȎȈȓȒțȦ
ȗȖȗȣȚȒț ȕȈ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȍ
ǩțȌȤ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȡȍ șȒȘȖȔȕȍȍ Ȋ ȏȈȔȣșȓȍ ȍȋȖ ȐȔȧ ȕȍ ȋȘȍȔȍ-
ȓȖ ȉȣ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔț ȔȐȘț ȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȉȣ ©ǵȈȠ țȊȈȎȈȍȔȣȑ
ȕȈȠ ȚȈȓȈȕȚȓȐȊȣȑ ȕȈȠ ȗȓȖȌȖȊȐȚȣȑª
ǵȖ dzȍȜȍȊȘț ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȕȈ șȈȔȈ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȗ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ șȍ-
ȘȍȌȐȕȍ Ȗȉ țȔȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȗȖȘȣȊȈȝ Ǫșȍ ȐȓȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ǰ Ȗȕ
ȔțȟȐȓ ȉȍȌȕțȦ ǹȦȏȍȚȚț ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕțȦ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ȟȈșȈȔȐ ȏȈșȚȈȊ-
ȓȧȓ ȍȍ ȗȖȏȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȋȖȓȖȑ Ȋ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȖȑ ǰ ȏȓȐȓșȧ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȖȉȊȐȕȧȧ ȕȍȗȖȊȐȕȕțȦ ȕȈ-
ȚțȘȡȐȞț ǬȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȌȖ ȕȍȐșȚȖȊșȚȊȈ ȉȐȓ ȍȍ ȗȖ ȡȍȒȈȔ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ,
Ȋ ȗȖȘȣȊȍ ȘȈșȒȈȧȕȐȧ ȗȈȌȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȑ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ
ȕȖȋȐ
II
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȦȦ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț dzȍȜȍȊȘȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȊȣșȔȍȧȓȐ Ȑ ȏȓȍȍ
ȗȘȍȎȕȍȋȖ
Ǫ ȋȈȏȍȚȍ ȟȐȚȈȓ Ȗȕ ȘȍȞȍȕȏȐȦ Ȑ ȧȌȖȊȐȚȣȍ șȚȘȖȒȐ ȖȚȘȈȊ-
ȓȧȓȐ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȔȖȏȋ ȚțȔȈȕȐȓșȧ ȕȍ ȖȚ ȏȓȖșȚȐ ȕȍȚ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ

173
ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȕȖ ȏȊțȟȈȓȖ Ȋ țȠȈȝ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȕȖȍ ȗȍȕȐȍ ȕȈȌ ȗȖȋȐȉ-
Ƞȍȑ ȔȍȟȚȖȑ Ȑ șȈȔ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȔȈ-
ȓȍȕȤȒȐȔ țȕȐȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȏȈȚȖȗȚȈȕȕȣȔ
ǹȦȏȍȚȚȈ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȥȚȖ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ șȔȍȓȖ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȑ
ȋȓȈȌȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȒțȘȟȈȊȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȍ ȎȈȓȤ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȕȍȕȈȊȐ-
ȌȍȓȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȖȕȐ ȏȕȈȓȐ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȉȈ ȊȣșȚȘȈȌȈȓȐ
ȕȈȌ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȖȑ
dzȍȜȍȊȘ ȚȐȝȖ Ȑ ȕȍȎȕȖ ȖȚșȚȘȈȕȐȓ ȘțȒț ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȗȖȞȍȓȖ-
ȊȈȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȓȖȉ Ȑ șȖȉȘȈȓșȧ țȝȖȌȐȚȤ
— ǵȈȌȖȓȋȖ" — ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ǹȦȏȍȚȚȈ — Ǵȕȍ ȉȍȏ
Țȍȉȧ ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȈȒ șȒțȟȕȖ
dzȍȜȍȊȘ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ
— ǯȕȈȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȑȌț Ȋ ȕȈȠ ȒȈȉȈȟȖȒ ǿȍȘȚ ș ȕȐȔ
ǶȕȐ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȘȈȏȖȏȓȧȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖ ȕȍȐșȚȖȊșȚȊȈ ǷȖȑȌȍȔ ȊȔȍșȚȍ
ȐȓȐ ȓțȟȠȍ ȗȖȍȌȍȔ ȗȖ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȖȑ ǶșȚȈȕȖȊȐȔșȧ ȋȌȍ ȊȏȌț-
ȔȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȏȈȑȌȍȔ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȗȖȗȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕ ȋȌȍ ȕȈș
ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ
ǹȦȏȍȚȚȈ ȕȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȗȖȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȕȖȋ ȖȚ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ǪȍȌȤ
ȚȈȒ ȘȍȌȒȖ ȉȘȈȓ Ȗȕ ȍȍ ș șȖȉȖȦ ǩȣșȚȘȖ ȖȌȍȓȈșȤ ǷȖȌ ȖȋȘȖȔ-
ȕȖȑ ȔȖȌȕȖȑ ȠȓȧȗȒȖȑ ȘȖȏȖȊȍȓȖ ȍȍ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ ȓȐȟȐȒȖ Ȑ
ȋȓȈȏȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȒțȒȖȓȤȕȣȍ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ Ȑ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȓȐ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȖȋȖȕȤ
țȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȜȖȕȈȘȍȑ
ǭȝȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȖȑ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖȍȓȖ ǰ ȖȉȈ ȘȈȌȖȊȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȉȘȖȠȍȕȣ Ȋ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȖȚ ȌȖȔȈ ȖȕȐ
ȖȌȕȐ ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȑȝ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȈȍȚ ȕȍȓȖȊȒȐȔ ȊȖȗȘȖ-
șȖȔǪ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȍ dzȍȜȍȊȘ ȊȣȗȐȊ ȊȐȕȈ ȖȎȐȊȐȓșȧ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȎȍȕ
ș ǹȦȏȍȚȚȖȑ țȝȈȎȐȊȈȓ ȏȈ ȕȍȑ ȒȈȒ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȑ ǺȈȒ ȉȣȓȖ
ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȘȈȏ ǷȍȘȍȎȐȊ ȋȖȘȍȟȤ ȕȍțȌȈȟȐ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓ
ȖȉȓȐȟȈȚȤ șȈȔȖȋȖ șȍȉȧ Ȑ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓșȧ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȣȔ Ȑ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȈ ȥȚȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ Ȑ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȉ ȍȑ
Ȗȕ ȌȈȊȈȓ ȖȌȕȐ ȓȐȠȤ ȔțȒȐ
dzȍȜȍȊȘț Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȧ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȋȖȕȧ ȏȈ
șȓȈȊȖȑ — ȊȏȌȖȘ Ȑ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȓ ȕȍ șȚȖȧȚ
ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȋȖ ȗȖȞȍȓțȧ ǹȦȏȍȚȚȣ
ǺȈȒ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȖȕȐ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȑ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȈȘȖȟȒȖȑ Ȑș-
ȗȣȚȣȊȈȧ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȠȐȍ ȒȖȘȈ-

174
ȉȓȍȒȘțȠȍȕȐȍ Ȑ șȐȌȧȡȐȍ ț ȚȍȗȓȖȋȖ ȒȈȔȐȕȈ ȗȖșȓȍ ȓȍȌȧȕȖȋȖ
ȝȖȓȖȌȈ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȊȖȓȕ Ȑ țȎȈșȈ șȔȖȚȘȧȡȍȑ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ
ǪȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȋȈȏȍȚȟȐȒȐ ș ȊȍȟȍȘȕȐȔȐ ȥȒșȚȘȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȍ-
ȕȐȧȔȐ
— ǷȖȓȍȚ ǩȓȍȘȐȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ dzȈȔȈȕȠ ǺȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȣ Ȗ ȗȘȐȉȣ-
ȚȐȐ ǩȓȍȘȐȖ Ȋ ǨȕȋȓȐȦ ȕȈ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȍ
dzȍȜȍȊȘ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȊȖȏȌțȝȖ-
ȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȒțȗȐȓ ȓȐșȚȖȒ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȍȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ
— ǿȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ǹȦȏȍȚȚȈ
— ǬȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ǩȓȍȘȐȖ ȗȍȘȍȓȍȚȍȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ dzȈȔȈȕȠ Ȑ Ȗȉ
ȥȚȖȔ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȉțȌțȚ ȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ ȞȍȓțȦ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ǪșȧȒȐȑ ȠȈȘ-
ȓȈȚȈȕ ț ȕȈș ȓȍȋȒȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖșȚȤȦ ǹȚȈȘȈȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ
Ȗ ȋȓțȗȖȑ ȚȖȓȗȍ
— ǷȖșȚȖȑ — ȗȍȘȍȉȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ǹȦȏȍȚȚȈ șȌȍȓȈȊ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ
țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ — Ǻȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȠȤ — ȗȍȘȍȓȍȚȍȓ ǵȈ ȟȍȔ" ȅȚȖ
ȠȈȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȕȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȗȖȔȕȐȠȤ Ȋ ȏȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȖȔ șȈȌț"
— ǵȍȚ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕ ȅȚȖ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȠȚțȒȈ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ
ȗȚȐȞȣ ș ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ Ȑ ȝȊȖșȚȖȔ ǵȈ ȕȍȔ șȚȖȐȚ ȔȖȚȖȘ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ
ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȍ ǺȧȜ-ȚȧȜ ǪȍȘȚȐȚșȧ ȒȖȓȍșȖ ȐȓȐ ȊȐȕȚ Ȑ ȗȚȐȞȈ
ȓȍȚȐȚ ǪȍȘȕȍȑȠȐȑ șȗȖșȖȉ șȓȖȔȈȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȠȍȦ
ǹȦȏȍȚȚȈ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ Ȋ ȍȍ ȒțȒȖȓȤȕȣȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ șȊȍ-
ȚȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȐȏȕțȚȘȐ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȥȚȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȒȈ
ȏȈȕȧȚȈ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȕȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȖȕȐ ȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȑ ȓȍȋȓȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ
șȎȐȔȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ Ȋ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧȝ ǹȦȏȍȚȚȈ ȊȌȘțȋ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓȈ
Ȑ țșȚȈȓȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ
— DzȘȣȓȤȧ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȓȍȚȐȚ DzȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȇ ȉȣȓȈ ȔȈ-
ȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ Ȑ ȊȖ șȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȓȍȚȈȦ ǯȕȈȍȠȤ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȧ Ȑ
șȍȑȟȈș ȊȐȎț ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȟțȌȕȣȑ șȖȕ ǺȈȒ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȟțȌȕȖ ǷȖȌ-
ȕȐȔȈȦșȤ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȌțȝ — Ȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ș ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓȤȕȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ șȚȖȐȚ
ț ȕȈș Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ ǸȈșȗțȡț ȒȘȣȓȤȧ Ȑ ȕȍșțșȤ ȕȍșțșȤ ȕȍșțșȤ
ȕȈȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ
Ǩ ȕȈțȚȘȖ dzȍȜȍȊȘ ȟȐȚȈȓ Ȋ ȋȈȏȍȚȍ ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȣȍ șȚȈȚȤȐ Ȗ
ȗȖȓȍȚȍ ǩȓȍȘȐȖ ǬȈ ȥȚȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȈȧ șȓȈȊȈ ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȕȖȍ ȐȔȧ
ǰ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȍȠȐȚȤșȧ
dzȍȜȍȊȘ șȚȈȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ șȚȈȚȤȐ ȗȖ ȊȖȏȌțȝȖȗȓȈ-
ȊȈȕȐȦ ©ǷȘȐ țȗȖȘȕȖȔ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȋ ȗȖȓȚȖȘȈ
ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȊȣțȟȐȚȤșȧ ȓȍȚȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȍª

175
ǶȚȟȍȋȖ ȉȣ ȍȔț ȕȍ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȚȤ" ǯȈȊȖȍȊȈȕȐȍ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ
șȓȈȊȈ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȣ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔț șȊȍȚț
III
— ȅȚȖȚ ȓȍȚȈȦȡȐȑ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ ȟȍȘȚ ȍȋȖ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȐ-
ȌȐȚ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȐ Ȕȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȈȌ ȕȈȔȐ
șȔȍȍȚșȧ
— ǹȔȍȓȣȑ ȈȊȐȈȚȖȘ Ǫȏȧȓ țȎȍ ȚȘȐ ȗȘȐȏȈ
— Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ǵȖ ȕȍ ȓȤȕȍȚ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȌțȠȈ ǰȕȖȑ
ȘȈȏ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȚȤ șȚȈȒȈȕ Ȑ ȟȖȒȕțȚȤșȧ ș ȕȐȔ Ȉ ȗȖȋȓȧ-
ȌȐȠȤ ȕȈ ȥȚț ȕȈȌțȚțȦ ȜȐȏȐȖȕȖȔȐȦ Ȑ ȘțȒȈ ȖȗțșȚȐȚșȧ
—ǬȘțȎȐȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ș ǪȐȕȤȖȓȍȔ
— ǪȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ DzȈȎȍȚșȧ țȎ ȍȔț-ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȟȍȔ ȋȖȘȌȐȚȤșȧ
ǹȌȍȓȈȓ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖȍ ǷȖȔȕȐȚȍ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȖȓȍȚ ȕȈȌ ǷȈȘȐȎȍȔ"
ǪȍȌȤ ȐȏȔȍȕȐ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ — ȖȗțșȚȐȚȤșȧ ȕȍȋȌȍ ǪȍȘȕȈȧ ȋȐȉȍȓȤ
Ǩ șȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǯȕȈȍȚ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȗȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ ȗȖȔ-
ȕȐȚ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ǰ ȟțȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚ
ȀȈȘȓȤ ǬȦȔȖȕ ȊȣȌțȔȈȓ ȖșȖȉȣȑ ȉȐȗȓȈȕ ǼȐȘȔȈ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ
șȚȘȖȐȚȤ ȏȈ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȘȐșȒ ǪȐȕȤȖȓȤ ȌȈȓ Ȍȍȕȍȋ Ȉ ȜȐȘȔȈ
ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȘȍȝ țȌȈȟȕȣȝ ȗȖȓȍȚȖȊ ȒțȗȐȓȈ ȔȈȠȐȕț ț ǬȦȔȖȕȈ Ȑ
Ȗȕ ȘȈșȗȓȈȚȐȓșȧ ǻ ǪȐȕȤȖȓȧ ȖșȖȉȖȍ ȟțȚȤȍ ȕȈ ȈȊȐȈȚȖȘȖȊ ǷȘȐ-
Ƞȍȓ Ȓ ȕȖȔț ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ ȉȈȘȖȕȍȚ șȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȔțșȒț-
ȓȐșȚȣȑ ©Ǫȣ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȓȍȚȈȚȤ ȧ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȤȔț ȊȈș Ȋ
țȟȍȕȐȒȐª ǹȚȈȘȖȔț Ȏȍ ȔȈȘȒȐȏț șȒȈȏȈȓ ©Ǫ ȟȈș ȌȖȉȘȣȑ ȝȖȚȧ ț
ȊȈș ȕȈ ȟȈșȈȝ ȉțȘȉȖȕșȒȈȧ ȓȐȓȐȧ ȕȖ ȧ ȉȍȘțșȤ ȊȈș ȖȉțȟȐȚȤ șȒȖ-
Șȍȍ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝª ǰ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ" ǩȈȘȖȕȍȚ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȠȒȖȓț
ȉȘȈȚȤȍȊ ǪțȈȏȍȕ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ șȉȍȎȈȓ Ȉ ȔȈȘȒȐȏ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ
ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȕȈ 700 ȔȍȚȘȖȊ Ȑ ȓȍȚȈȍȚ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖ DzȈ-
ȒȐȍ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȣ
— ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ǪȐȕȤȖȓȤ ȗȘȖȊȐȌȐȚ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȑ Ȋ dzȍȜȍȊ-
Șȍ
— ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ǵȖ ȧ ȍȋȖ ȚȍȘȗȍȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț
— ǵȍ ȊȓȦȉȐȓșȧ ȓȐ Țȣ Ȋ ǹȦȏȍȚȚț"
— ǵț ȊȖȚ ȊȣȌțȔȒȐ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȘȧȔȖ șȒȈȎț Ȕȕȍ ȎȈȓȤ ȔȐ-
ȓțȦ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ǮȐȚȤ ș ȚȈȒȐȔ ȚȐȗȖȔ ǩȘȘȘ ǪȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȜȈȒȍȓȤ-

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ȡȐȒ Ȑȏ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȉȦȘȖ Ȉ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȌȖ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȍ-
ȕȐȧǪ ȒȘțȎȒȍ ȈȊȐȈȚȖȘȖȊ dzȍȜȍȊȘȈ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȓȐ ȒȈȒ Ȑ
șȘȍȌȐ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȖȊ
ǻșȗȍȝ ȉȣȓ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȣȑ ǺȘȐ ȗȘȐȏȈ ȌȈȓȐ ȐȏȘȧȌȕȣȍ șȘȍȌ-
șȚȊȈ ǫȈȏȍȚȣ ȗȍȟȈȚȈȓȐ ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȚȏȣȊȣ ǰȔȧ dzȍȜȍȊ-
ȘȈ șȚȈȓȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȏȈ ȖȒȍȈȕȖȔ DzȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ
ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ ș ȕȐȔ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚȤșȧ Ȋșȍ ȎȈȓ ȍȔț Șț-
Ȓț Ȑ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓ ȉȍȏ ȒȖȕȞȈ
— ǵȈȔ ȘțșșȒȐȔ ȕțȎȕȣ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȓȦȌȐ ǷȖȍȏȎȈȑȚȍ Ȋ ǸȖș-
șȐȦǹȦȏȍȚȚȈ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȧȓȈșȤ ȍȔț ȒȈȒ ǩȖȋț Ȑ Ȋ ȍȍ ȓȈșȒȈȝ șȒȊȖ-
ȏȐȓȈ ȘȖȉȖșȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȣșȠȐȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȔ ȓȍȚȈȦȡȐȔ ȒȈȒ ȗȚȐ-
ȞȈ ȕȍ ȊȖ șȕȍ Ȉ ȕȈȧȊț ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȚȖȓȗȣ
ǵȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȚȖ ǫȖȘȤȒȐȑ ȖșȈȌȖȒ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȝ ȕȍțȌȈȟ
șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȘȈȏȢȍȓ ȌțȠț Ȑ șȘȍȌȕȐȑ țșȗȍȝ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȉȣȚȤ ȞȍȓȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȉȈȓȤȏȈȔȖȔ
ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȔȣșȓȈ dzȍ-
ȜȍȊȘ șȖȏȌȈȊȈȓ Ȋ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȣȍ ȖȉȘȈȏȣ ȕȍȊȖȏ-
ȔȖȎȕȣȝ ȗȖȓȍȚȖȊ Ȑ ȘȊȈȓșȧ ȐȏȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȐȓ șȘȈȏț șȚȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖ-
Ȋț ȊȣȠȍ Ȋșȍȝ
Ǩ ȊȖȏȌțȝȖȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȍ șȚȈȓȖ țȎȍ ȘȍȔȍșȓȖȔ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȈȊȐȈ-
ȚȖȘȖȊ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȖȚȕȖșȧȚșȧ Ȓ șȓȈȊȍ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊțȧșȤ
șȘȍȌȕȐȔ țșȗȍȝȖȔ Ǫșȍ ȚȖ Ȏȍ șȈȔȖȍ ȟȚȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ
șȘȍȌȍ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȦȌȐ ȥȚȐ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȍȍ ȔțșȒțȓȐșȚȍȍ șȈȔȖțȊȍȘȍȕ-
ȕȍȑǪ ȖȌȕȖȔ ǪȐȕȤȖȓȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓ dzȍȜȍȊȘ ȖȚȏȊțȒ șȊȖȐȔ ȔȍȟȚȈȔ
ǵȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖ șȔȍȓȣȑ ȈȊȐȈȚȖȘ ȉȣȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȑ
ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȖȓȕțȦȡȐȑșȧ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ ȐȌțȡȐȑ Ȓ ȞȍȓȐ Ȑ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ
ȘȐșȒȍ ȕȍ ȚȍȘȧȦȡȐȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȘȈșȟȍȚȈ ǩȍȏțȔȕȣȔ ǪȐȕȤȖȓȤ
ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȘțȋȐȔ Ȉ Ȋ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȗȕ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȈȓ șȚȘȖȋȖ ȖȉȌțȔȣȊȈȓ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȠȈȋ Ȑ ȉȐȓ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȈȊȍȘ-
ȕȧȒȈ Ƕȕ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ dzȍȜȍȊȘȈ
— Ǫȣ — ȘȈȒȍȚȈ ǪȏȓȍȚȐȚȍ ȘȈșșȣȗȓȍȚȍșȤ ȘȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȔȐ
ȖȋȕȧȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȋȐȉȕȍȚȍ ǩȍȘȍȋȐȚȍșȤ ǩȖȓȤȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȐȚȍșȤ
șȈȔȖȋȖ șȍȉȧ
dzȍȜȍȊȘ ȔȍȟȚȈȓ Ȗ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȐ ȖșȚȘȖȚȣ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈ-
ȕȈ ǷȓȖȝȖ ȏȕȈȧ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȒț Ȗȕ ȌțȔȈȓ ȓȐȠȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖ-

177
șȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȕȈ șȊȖȦ ȔȈȠȐȕț ȉȖȓȍȍ șȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȍȓȤ Ȑ ȗȖȗȘȖ-
ȉȖȊȈȚȤ ȌȖșȚȐȟȤ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ ȊȣșȖȚ
ǼȐȘȔȈ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȒȈȏ ȕȖ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȟȈȓ
ȋȖȓȖȊȖȦ
— ǨȥȘȖȗȓȈȕ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȐȚ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȍȓȧ Ȋ  șȐȓ
— ǹȚȈȊȤȚȍ ȕȍ ȘȈșșțȎȌȈȑȚȍ
ǵȈșȚțȗȈȓ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȖȓȍȚȈ ǹȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȈȊȐȈȚȖȘȣ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈ
ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ șȚȖȧȓȈ ǹȦȏȍȚȚȈ ȉȓȍȌȕȈȧ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȈȧ
dzȍȜȍȊȘ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȚȐȝȖȋȖ ȘȈșȒȈȚȈ Ȉ ȌȈȊȈȓ șȘȈȏț ȗȖ-
ȟȚȐ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȝȖȌ Ȑ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȔȈȠȐȕț ȒȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȔȖȋțȟȐȑ șȘȣȊȈȍȚ ș ȏȍȔȓȐ Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȉȘȖșȈȍȚ Ȋ ȊȖȏ-
ȌțȠȕțȦ ȉȍȏȌȕț
ǰ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȘȊȈȕțȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȒȈȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ȊșȍȋȖ ȚȘȐ-ȟȍȚȣȘȍ
ȔȍȚȘȈ Ȑ ȊȏȊȐȓșȧ ȒȘțȚȖȑ șȗȐȘȈȓȤȦ ǩȣȓȖ șȓȣȠȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȔȈ-
ȠȐȕȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ ȊȖȊșȦ Ȑ Ȋ ȍȍ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȍ Ȑ ȠȐȗȍȕȐȐ ȟțȌȐȓȖșȤ
ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ țȋȘȖȎȈȦȡȍȍ ȖȗȈșȕȖȍ ǶȗȣȚȕȖȍ țȝȖ țȓȈȊȓȐȊȈȓȖ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȉȖȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȈ Ȑ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȒ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȓ
ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ șȒȘȣȊȈȓ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ
— ȅȚȖȚ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȑ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȗȖȋȐȉȕȍȚ
Ǩ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ dzȍȜȍȊȘȈ ȏȈȉȐȘȈȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȊȣȠȍ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȈșȤ țȎȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȗȚȐȞȍȑ Ȑ ȠțȔ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȍȓȧ ȕȍ ȌȖșȚȐȋȈȓ
ȚȖȓȗȣ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȓ ȍȍ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋșȍ ȓȦȉȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍȊȐȌȈȕȕȣȔ ȗȖȓȍȚȖȔ Ȑ ș țșȚ ȋȖ-
ȚȖȊȣ ȉȣȓȐ șȖȘȊȈȚȤșȧ ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȓȐȒȐ
— Ƕȕ ȗȖȋȐȉ ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖȋȐȉ — ȏȊȖȕȒȖ ȘȍȎțȡȐȔ
ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȗȘȖȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ ǹȦȏȍȚȚȈ
ǵȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ șȓțȟȐȊȠȍȍșȧ ȕȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȊȣșȖȚȍ ȕȍ șȘȈȏț
ȌȈȍȚ Ȗ șȍȉȍ ȧșȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ șȚȖȧȡȐȔ ȊȕȐȏț ǪȐȌȍȕ ȉȣȓ
ȉȍȓȣȑ ȌȣȔȖȒ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȖȚ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȈ ȖȚȌȍȓȐȓșȧ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȔȍȚ Ȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ șȚȈȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȖȑ DzȘȣȓȤȧ ȍȍ șȓȖȎȐ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȕȍșȓȈșȤ ȒȕȐȏț Ǩ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ ȗȖȔȟȈȓșȧ Ȋ
ȌȘțȋțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ șȖȘȊȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȍȓȤ
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ǽȖȘȖȕȐȚȤ ȗȖȋȐȉȠȍȋȖ dzȍȜȍȊȘȈ șȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ȊȍșȤ ȒȘțȎȖȒ
ȈȊȐȈȚȖȘȖȊ ǯȈ ȋȘȖȉȖȔ ȕȍșȓȐ ȊȍȕȒȐ ǹȦȏȍȚȚț ȊșȦ Ȋ șȓȍȏȈȝ

ȊȍȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒȐ ǩȣȓȈȧ ȏȈȊȐșȚȤ Ȑ ȊȘȈȎȌȈ șȔȖȓȒȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ Ȋșȍ-
ȗȘȖȡȈȦȡȍȑ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ
ǵȈ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȣ ȕȍ ȧȊȐȓșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȐȕ ǪȐȕȤȖȓȤ
— ǩȣȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȌȘțȎȕȣ ȗȘȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ"
ǪȐȕȤȖȓȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȗȐșȈȓ ȕȐ șȈȕȚȐȔȈ ȕȈ ȊȍȕȖȒ Ȑ ȗȈȔȧȚȕȐȒ
Ƕȕ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȠȍȓ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȋȖ
ǪȖȏȌțȝȖȗȓȈȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȖșȍȓȖȒ ȖȗțșȚȍȓ ǯȈȗȍȘȚȣȍ ȈȕȋȈ-
Șȣ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȖ Ȑ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȉȣ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȏȈ-
ȒȓȦȟȍȕȣ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȚȐȞȣ ȖȎȐȌȈȦȡȐȍ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȖȊȖȘȖ-
ȚȈ ȘȣȟȈȋȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȏȓȍȚȍȚȤ ȚțȌȈ Ȓ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȔ
ǪȐȕȤȖȓȤ ȊȣȏȊȈȓ ȌȍȎțȘȕȖȋȖ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȒȈ
— ǪȣȒȈȚȐȚȤ ȔȈȠȐȕț ǷȖȏȖȊȐȚȍ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ ȟȓȍȕȖȊ ȒȖȔȐș-
șȐȐ ȇ ȝȖȟț ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȗȖȓȍȚ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȚț
ǨȥȘȖȗȓȈȕ ȗȓȈȊȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȧ Ȋșȍ
țȠȐȘȧȦȡȐȍșȧ ȖȉȖȘȖȚȣ șȗȐȘȈȓȐ
ǿȓȍȕȣ ȒȖȔȐșșȐȐ ȔȖȓȟȈ Ȑ ș țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ
ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȍȌȊȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȕțȦ ȚȖȟȒț Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ
șȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȑȏ ȋȓȈȏ
— DzȈȒȈȧ ȊȣșȖȚȈ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǪȐȕȤȖȓȤ șȗțșȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ
ȏȍȔȓȦ
— 1.300 ȔȍȚȘȖȊ — ȗȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȖȓȖȎȐȓȐ ȟȓȍȕȣ ȒȖȔȐș-
șȐȐ — Ǫȣ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȑ ȘȍȒȖȘȌ Ȑ ȊȏȧȓȐ ȗȘȐȏ
Ȋ 100 Țȣșȧȟ ȜȘȈȕȒȖȊ
ǪȐȕȤȖȓȤ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ ȕȈ ȓȤșȚȐȊȖ țȓȣȉȈȦȡȐȍșȧ
ȓȐȞȈ
— ȇ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȗȈȔȧȚȕȐȒ ȔȖȍȔț ȕȍșȟȈșȚ-
ȕȖȔț ȌȘțȋț dzȍȜȍȊȘț

ǽȞȖșȜȔȓțȖȓ

180
ǻȍǻȌȆǸǶǻȉ ǿǸǮǵȉ
ǴȈȘȜȈ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȕȈ șȚȈȘȈȧ ȔȖȧ ȕȧȕȦȠȒȈ șȐȌȧ ȕȈ ȒȖ-
ȕȐȒȍ ș ȟțȓȒȖȔ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȍȌȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȔț
ȌȈȊȕȐȝ șȒȈȏȖȒ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȕȐȑ ǴȕȖȋȖ Ȑȝ ȏȕȈȓȈ, ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȞȈ Ǫșȍȝ
ȕȍ țȗȖȔȕȐȠȤ
ǷȘȍȓȤȡȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȞȊȍȚȕȖȑ ȒȖȊȍȘ ȊȣȔȣșȓȈ Ȑ ȉȘȍȌȐȓ ȧ ǮȈȘ-
ȗȚȐȞȍȦ Ȑ ȌȈȊȈȓ șȍȉȍ șȓȖȊȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȤ ȍȍ ǩȘȍȌȐȓ ȕȍșȘȈȊȕȍȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȋȍȘȖȧȔȐ ȗȖȉȍȎȌȈȦȡȐȔȐ ǯȔȍȧ ǫȖȘȣȕȣȟȈ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖ-
ȋȖ DzȖȡȍȧ ǩȍșșȔȍȘȚȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȊșȦ ȏȓțȦ ȕȍȟȐșȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȉȖȧȓ-
șȧ ȧ Ȋ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȏȐȔȕȐȍ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȚȘțșȓȐȊȖ ȊȣșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧ ȗȘȐ-
ȟțȌȓȐȊȣȍ ȚȍȕȐ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȈȝ Ȑ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ țȋȓȣ ǩȘȍȌȐȓ ȧ ȗȖșȚȈȘ-
Ƞȍ Ȑ ȘȈșȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ ȞȈȘȍȊȕȈȔȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ ȗȖȌȘȖșȚ-
ȒȈ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȐ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȍȊȐȟȤȐ ȘțȒȐ ș ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔȐ ȏȈȗȧ-
șȚȤȧȔȐ Ȑ ȉȓȐșȚȈȦȡȈȧ ȉȍȓȈȧ ȊȣșȖȒȈȧ ȋȘțȌȤ
Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȓ șȚȈȘȖșȚȐ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓȐșȤ Ȕȕȍ ©șȒȈȏȣª
ȔȖȍȑ ȕȧȕȦȠȒȐ ǴȈȘȜȣ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȕȣ Ȗ șȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȐ ȔȐȘȈ ȗȍȘ-
Ȋȣȝ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȊ Ȑ Ȗ ȔȕȖȋȖȔ ȌȘțȋȖȔ Ǫ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȘȖșȚȖȌțȠȕȣȝ
ȉȍșȝȐȚȘȖșȚȕȣȝ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȈȝ ȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ țȔȈ ȏȊțȟȐȚ ȚȖȚ ȘțșșȒȐȑ
ȦȔȖȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȎț ț ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȕȈȘȖȌȖȊ ǰ ȕȍȚ ț ȕȐȝ ȚȈ-
ȒȐȝ ©șȒȈȏȖȊª ǵȍ Ȋșȍ ȚțȚ ȕȖȊȖ DzȖȍ-ȟȚȖ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȧ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȋ șȉȖȘ-
ȕȐȒȍ ȘțșșȒȐȝ șȒȈȏȖȒ ǨȜȈȕȈșȤȍȊȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȖȚȘȍȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȑ
ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȍ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ ǺȐȝȖȕȘȈȊȖȊȈ ȕȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ
ȟȚȖ ȕȧȕȦȠȒȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈ ȓțȟȠȍ Ȑ ȋȓțȉȎȍ ȗȖ ȏȈȔȣșȓț
ǹțȔȍȓ ȓȐ ȧ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȗȘȖșȚȣȍ ȘȍȟȐ ǴȈȘȜȣ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȕȣ
— șțȌȐȚȤ ȕȍ Ȕȕȍ
, ǹȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ ȔȐȘȈ
ǹȖȚȊȖȘȐȓ ǩȖȋ ȕȍȉț Ȑ ȏȍȔȓȦ ǰ ȗȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȊȖ-
ȌȈ ǪȖȚ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ǩȖȋ ȟȍȘȚț
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȓȐ"
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ-ȚȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ ȟȍȘȚ — Ȉ ȋȌȍ Ȕȣ ȖȚ-
ȌȣȝȈȚȤ ȉțȌȍȔ" ǪșȦȌț ȊȖȌȈ ȖȌȕȈ

Ǫȍȓȍȓ ǩȖȋ ȟȍȘȚț ȕȈ ȌȕȖ ȕȣȘȕțȚȤ Ȑ ȋȖȘșȚȤ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȍșȚȤ ǵȣȘȕțȓ ȟȍȘȚ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȍș Ǭțȕțȓ ǩȖȋ ȕȈ ȒțșȖȒ ȋȘȧȏȐ Ȑ
ȊȣȠȍȓ ȖșȚȘȖȊ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ — ȌȊȖȐȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ ȓȍȟȤ
©ǰȠȤ Țȣ, ȠȚțȒȈ ȒȈȒȈȧ — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȟȍȘȚ — ȅȚȈȒ Ȑ ȧ șț-
ȔȍȦª
dzȍȋȓȐ ǩȖȋ ș ȟȍȘȚȖȔ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȕȈ ȖșȚȘȖȊȍ Ȑ țșȕțȓȐ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȘȚț ȕȍ șȗȐȚșȧ ǩȖȋț ȏȈȊȐȌțȍȚ ȟȚȖ șȖȚȊȖȘȐȓ ȕȍ-
ȉț Ȑ ȏȍȔȓȦ
©ǹȍȔ-ȒȈ — ȌțȔȈȍȚ — ȧ ǩȖȋȈ Ȋ ȊȖȌț șȗȐȝȕț Ȉ șȈȔ ȕȈȌȖ
ȊșȍȔȐ ȚȊȍȘȌȧȔȐ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȖȔ ȏȈȌȍȓȈȦșȤª
ǰ șȚȈȓ ȟȍȘȚ ǩȖȋȈ Ȋ ȊȖȌț ȗȐȝȈȚȤ Ǩ ȉȍȘȍȋ-ȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȘȈșȚȍȚ Ȑ
ȘȈșȚȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒ ǩȖȋȈ ȌȖ ȒȘȈȧ ȕȍ ȌȖȒȈȚȐȚ ǺȈȒ ȟȍȘȚ ȌȖ țȚȘȈ Ȋșȍ
ǩȖȋȈ ȗȐȝȈȓ Ȉ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȊȣȘȖșȓȖ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ-ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȖ ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȍ-
șȧȚȐȕ — Ȑ ȕȍ șȟȍșȚȤ
ǪȏȖȠȓȖ șȖȓȕȣȠȒȖ Ȑ ǩȖȋ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ
— ȅȒȈ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ — ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȚȤ ǴțȎȐȟȒȈȔ ȗȈȝȈȚȤ ȘȈȏ-
ȌȖȓȤȍ ǹȌȍȓȈȦ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȊ Ȑ ȉțȌțȚ ȖȕȐ ȗȓȖȌȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȘȈȏȔȕȖ-
ȎȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȚȍ ȓȐȞȈ șȊȖȍȋȖ Ǩ șȍȉȍ șȌȍȓȈȦ ȋȖȘț ǹȐȕȈȑ Ȑ ȋȖȘț
ǨȘȈȘȈȚ
Ǫȍȓȍȓ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȟȍȘȚț ȕȣȘȕțȚȤ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ ȌȊȍ ȋȖȘșȚȐ ȋȘȧȏȐ.
ǵȣȘȕțȓ ȟȍȘȚ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȍȚ ©ǬȖȉțȌț Ȑ șȍȉȍ Ȑȓț ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑ
ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȖȚȊȖȘȦª
ǰ, ȟȚȖȉȣ ǩȖȋ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȓ ȕȈȋȓȖȚȈȓșȧ ȟȍȘȚ Ȑȓț ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȗț-
ȏȖ ȘȈȏȌțȓȖ ǭȓȍ Ȋȣȗȓȣȓ
Ǫȏȧȓ ǩȖȋ ȌȊȍ ȋȖȘșȚȐ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ȑ șȖȚȊȖȘȐȓ șȍȉȍ ȋȖȘț ǹȐȕȈȑ
Ȑ ȋȖȘț ǨȘȈȘȈȚ
Ǩ ȟȍȘȚȈ șȚȈȓȖ ȚȖȠȕȐȚȤ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȖȚ ǩȖȋȈ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȗȓȍ-
ȊȈȓ ȋȘȧȏȤȦ ǰ ȋȌȍ ȗȓȦȕȍȚ ȚȈȔ ȋȖȘȈ șȚȘȈȠȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȐ-
ȡȍ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȍ ȚȘȧșȐȕȣ ȕȍȗȘȖȝȖȌȕȣȍ
ǰ șȒȘȣȓșȧ ȟȍȘȚ ȖȚ ȓȐȞȈ ǫȖșȗȖȌȈ ǩȖȋȈ Ȋ ȚȈȘȚȈȘȈȘȣ
ǶȚȚȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȣ ǹȐȕȈȑ — ȗțȗ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ȑ ǨȘȈȘȈȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
Ȍȓȧ ȒȖȊȟȍȋȈ șȊȧȚȣȔȐ ȗȖȟȐȚȈȦȚșȧ Ȉ ȌȘțȋȐȍ — ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȍ
ǽȖȚȍȓ ǩȖȋ ȏȍȔȓȦ șȖȚȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȘȖȊȕȖȑ ȌȈ ȋȓȈȌȒȖȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȊșȦȌț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈȔ ȗȈȝȈȚȤ ȉȣȓȖ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ Ȉ ȟȍȘȚ ȗȖȌȕȈȋȈȌȐȓ
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182
,, ǹȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ ǨȌȈȔȈ
ǻȊȐȌȈȓ ǩȖȋ ȟȚȖ ȏȍȔȓȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈ ǾȊȍȚțȚ ȞȊȍȚȣ
ȘȈȏȕȣȍ Ȑ ȗțșȒȈȦȚ ȉȓȈȋȖȊȖȕȐȍ ǰ ȝȖȌȐȚ ȗȖ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȏȊȍȘȤȧ Ȋșȧ-
ȒȖȋȖ ȊȖ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȍ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȐȔȍȦȚ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȖȗȐȚȈȕȐȍ
ǵȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȊ ȕȍȚ
ǰ șȒȈȏȈȓ ǩȖȋ
— ǹȖȚȊȖȘȐȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
Ǫȏȧȓ ȋȓȐȕȣ ȋȖȘȠȍȟȕȖȑ ȊȣȓȍȗȐȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȈȒ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈȌ-
ȓȍȎȐȚ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȕȈ șȖȓȕȣȠȒȖ șțȠȐȚȤșȧ Ǩ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȟȍȘȚ ȟȍ-
ȋȖ ȕȍ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȗȘȐșȚȈȊȐȓ ȗșȈ ȊȍȘȕȖȋȖ
— ǹȚȍȘȍȋȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȑ Țȍȉȍ ȥȚȖ ȏȈȟȚȍȚșȧ
ǰ ȊȍȘȕȣȑ ȗȍș șȐȌȍȓ Ȑ șȚȖȘȖȎȐȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȋ ȟȈȧȕȐȐ ȕȈ-
ȋȘȈȌȣ ǵȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȖȋȖȓȖȌȈȓ Ȉ ȊȏȧȚȤ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȖ-
ȏȕȈȓșȧ ȟȍȘȚ Ȑ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȚ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ
— ǹȖȉȈȟȒȈ șȖȉȈȟȒȈ
Ǩ ȊȍȘȕȣȑ ȗȍș ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ
— dzțȟȠȍ Țȣ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐ ȐȉȖ ȧ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȦ șȓțȎȉț ǩȖ-
ȎȐȦ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȒȐȠȒȐ Ȑȏ Țȍȉȧ Ȋȣȗțȡț
ǿȍȘȚ Ȋȣȕțȓ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ șȗȐȕȣ ȒȖȓȉȈșȒț Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗșȈ ȗȘȐȔȈȕȐ-
ȊȈȚȤ ǻ ȚȖȋȖ ȈȎ șȓȦȕȒȐ ȚȍȒțȚ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȟȍȘȚ — ȧ ȌȖȉȘȣȑ
Ǫȏȧȓ ȌȈ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȗșț ȒȖȓȉȈșȒț Ȉ ȚȖȚ ȕȈ ȓȍȚț ȗȖȑȔȈȓ
— ǹȗȈșȐȉȖ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ — Ȉ Țȣ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ țȝȖȌȐ ȗȖȌȈȓȤȠȍ
ǹȚȈȓȖ ȗșȈ ș ȒȖȓȉȈșȒȐ ȎȈȎȌȖȑ ȚȖȔȐȚȤ ǫȖȘȐȚ Ȋșȍ ȕțȚȘȖ
ȇȏȣȒ ȌȖ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ȋȣșțȕțȓ
— ǷȖȑȌȐ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȟȍȘȚ — ȗȖȗȍȑ ȕȈ ȘȍȟȒȍ Ȉ ȧ ȗȖȒȈ ȏȈ
Țȍȉȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȎț
ǵȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȗȍș ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ ȘȍȟȒț Ǩ ȟȍȘȚ ȚȍȔ ȊȘȍȔȍ-
ȕȍȔ Ȋȏȧȓ ȌȈ Ȑ ȖȗȓȍȊȈȓ ȊșȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ǴȍșȚȍȟȒȈ
ȟȐșȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ Ȉ șȈȔ țȉȍȎȈȓ
DzȈȒ ȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ șȖȉȈȒȈ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȊȏȊȣȓȈ ȕȍ șȊȖȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— ǵȍ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȓȈ șȓțȎȉȣ ǩȖȎȐȍȑ ǿȍȘȚ ȖȉȔȈȕțȓ
ǷȘȐȠȍȓ ǩȖȋ ǪȐȌȐȚ — ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȍșȤ ȖȗȓȍȊȈȕȕȣȑ ǹȍȓ Ȑ
ȏȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ
©ǵȖȊȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȌȈ Ȑ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȒțȌȈ ȌȍȊȈȚȤ"ª
ǪȣȊȍȘȕțȓ ǩȖȋ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȈȐȏȕȈȕȒț ȊȕțȚȘȤ ǰ ȊȌțȕțȓ ȍȔț

183
Ȍțȝ ǰ ȊșȚȈȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ
ǶȚȚȖȋȖ ț ȕȈș șȕȈȘțȎȐ ȟȐșȚȖ-ȋȓȈȌȒȖ Ȉ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȗȖȋȈȕȖ
Ǩ șȖȉȈȒȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ǩȖȋ
— Ƿȍș șȔȍȘȌȧȡȐȑ ǵȍ ȔȖȋ Țȣ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ șȓțȎȉȣ ǩȖ-
ȎȐȍȑ șȓțȎȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ǰ ȉȣȚȤ Țȍȉȍ ȖȚȕȣȕȍ ȕȈ ȞȍȗȐ ȊȖ ȊȍȒȐ
ȊȍȒȖȊ ǰ ȕȍȚ Țȍȉȍ ȊȝȖȌȈ Ȋ ȝȘȈȔȣ ǩȖȎȐȐ
,,, ǹȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ ǭȊȣ
ǽȖȌȐȓ ǨȌȈȔ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȖ ȏȍȔȓȍ Ȑ șȚȈȓȖ ȍȔț ȖȟȍȕȤ
șȒțȟȕȖ ǹȐȌȐȚ ȗȓȈȟȍȚ
ǰ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȍȔț ǩȖȋ
—ǨȌȈȔ Ȗ ȟȍȔ Țȣ șȒțȟȈȍȠȤ"
— DzȈȒ Ȏȍ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ — Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ șȒțȟȈȚȤ ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ" DzȈȎ-
ȌȈȧ ȚȊȈȘȤ ȎȐȊȍȚ Ȋ ȗȈȘȍ Ȉ ȧ ȖȌȐȕ-ȖȌȐȕȍȠȍȕȍȒ ȕȈ ȉȍȓȖȔ
șȊȍȚȍ
ǰ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ǩȖȋ
©ȅȚȖ ȊȍȘȕȖ ǹȖȚȊȖȘȐȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț Ȏȍȕț-ȗȖȌȘțȋțª
ǵȈȊȍȓ ǩȖȋ ȕȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȑ șȖȕ Ȑ Ȋȣȕțȓ ȘȍȉȘȖ
ǷȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȘȍȉȘȣȠȒȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȤȍ ȕȈ șȖȓȕȣȠȒȖ ȖȉșȖȝȕțȚȤ Ȉ
șȈȔ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȖȚȌȖȝȕțȚȤ
ǷȘȐȉȍȋȓȈ ȓȐșȐȞȈ ȗȖȕȦȝȈȓȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȐȕț șȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ Șȍ-
ȉȘȣȠȒȖ Ȑ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȒȖȊȈ
ǷȘȐȠȍȓ ǩȖȋ ȋȓȧȌȐȚ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ǹȖȏȊȈȓ ȈȕȌȍȓȖȊ ȈȘ-
ȝȈȕȌȍȓȖȊ
— ǫȌȍ ȘȍȉȘȖ ǨȌȈȔȖȊȖ"
ǯȈȉȍȋȈȓȐ ȈȕȌȍȓȣ ȈȘȝȈȕȌȍȓȣ ǰșȗțȎȈȓȐșȤ ȋȕȍȊȈ ǫȖșȗȖȌ-
ȕȧ ǰșȒȈȚȤ-ȗȖȐșȒȈȚȤ ȕȍȚ ȘȍȉȘȈ ǨȌȈȔȖȊȈ
ǰȌȍȚ ǨȘȝȈȕȌȍȓ ǴȐȝȈȐȓ ȋȓȈȊȖȦ ȗȖȕȐȒ.
ǵȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȍȔț ȟȍȘȚ Ǫȣȕțȓ ǨȘȝȈȕȌȍȓ Ȕȍȟ ȉțȓȈȚȕȣȑ
— ǺțȚ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȟȍȘȚț — Țȍȉȍ Ȑ ȒȖȕȍȞ
— ǷȖȔȐȓȖșȍȘȌțȑ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȕȍȟȐșȚȣȑ — ǹȒȈȎț Țȍȉȍ
ȋȌȍ ȘȍȉȘȖ ǨȌȈȔȖȊȖ ǹȐȌȐȚ ȓȐșȈ ȗȖȌ ȒțșȚȖȟȒȖȔ ȋȓȖȎȍȚ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȟȤȦ ȒȖșȚȖȟȒț
ǨȘȝȈȕȌȍȓ ǴȐȝȈȐȓ ȕȍ șȚȈȓ ȘțȉȐȚȤ ȟȍȘȚȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȕțȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ
șȗȐȕț Ǩ șȈȔ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȓȐșț ǬȖȓȋȖ ȓȐ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖ ȓȐ Ȑș-

ȒȈȓ ȊȐȌȐȚ șȐȌȐȚ ȓȐșȈ ȗȖȌ ȒțșȚȖȟȒȖȔ șȖȊșȍȔ șȋȓȖȌȈȓȈ ǨȌȈ-
ȔȖȊȖ ȘȍȉȘȖ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȊȍȘȍȠȖȒ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ
ǹȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȈȘȝȈȕȌȍȓ ȓȐșț ȏȈ ȠȐȊȖȘȖȚ Ȑ ȗȖȚȈȡȐȓ Ȓ ǩȖȋț ǰ
ȊȍȘȍȠȖȒ ș șȖȉȖȦ Ȋȏȧȓ
— ǵț — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ǩȖȋ — Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȕȍ șȌȍȓȈȍȠȤ
ǿȚȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ" ǭȡȍ ȘȍȉȘȖ ȊȣȕȐȔȈȚȤ — ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȐșȗȖȘ-
ȚȐȚȤ Ǩ ȒȈȒ șȢȍȓȈ ȓȐșȈ ȈȌȈȔȖȊț ȒȖșȚȤ ȖȕȈ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ Ȑ ȊȐȕȖ-
ȊȈȚȈ
Ǫȍȓȍȓ ǩȖȋ ȈȘȝȈȕȌȍȓț ǴȐȝȈȐȓț ȊȣȕțȚȤ Ȕȍȟ ȉțȓȈȚȕȣȑ Ȑ
ȖȚȘțȉȐȚȤ ȓȐșȍ ȝȊȖșȚ
ǰ șȌȍȓȈȓ ǩȖȋ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȝȊȖșȚȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț Ȑ ȕȈȏȊȈȓ ȍȍ ǭȊȖȑ
ǶȚ ȚȖȋȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȎȍȕșȒȐȑ ȗȖȓ ȝȐȚȘȣȑ ȌȈ ȓțȒȈ-
ȊȣȑǽȊȖșȚȖȔ ȊȍȘȚȐȚ Ȉ ȗȘȈȊȌȣ ȕȍ ȌȖȉȤȍȠȤșȧ
ǰ Țȣ șȣȕȖȒ ȊȣȘȈșȚȍȠȤ — ȉȈȉȍ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȤ

185
ǷǸǰǴǭǿǨǵǰȇ
Ǫșȍ ȊȒȓȦȟȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȗțȉȓȐȒțȦȚ-
șȧ ȗȖ ȖȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȐȎȍ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȈȔ ș ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȈȐȉȖ-
ȓȍȍ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȣȝ ȖȗȍȟȈȚȖȒ ȖȘȜȖȋȘȈȜȐȧ Ȑ ȗțȕȒȚțȈȞȐȧ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȍȕȣ
Ȓ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȖȘȔȈȔ
ǹȖȒȘȈȡȍȕȐȍȔ ǸǺ- ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȍȕ ȈȊȚȖȘșȒȐȑ șȉȖȘȕȐȒ ©ǸȈȏȘț-
Ƞȍȕȕȣȍ ȚȍȘȍȔȈ ȅȗȐȏȖȌȣ Ȑȏ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȔȍȎȌț ȔțȎȟȐȕȈȔȐ
Ȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈȔȐª ǹǷȉ 
 ǸǺ-1914 — ȌȖȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȖȍ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȚȖ-
ȋȖ Ȏȍ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȈ ǹǷȉ [1914]).
Ǫșȍ ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȈȞȐȐ ȊȏȧȚȣ Ȑȏ ȗȍȘȊȖȐȏȌȈȕȐȑ ǷȖȌșȚȘȈȕȐȟȕȣȍ
ȗȘȐȔȍȟȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȚ șȖșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȦ
ǯȈȊȚȘȈ // ǹȐȕȐȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ  ȹ  ș ȈȊȚȖȘșȒ ȗȘȐȔ ©P. S.
CȦȎȍȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ ȖȚȟȈșȚȐ ȏȈȐȔșȚȊȖȊȈȕ Ȑȏ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐ-
ȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȖȥȔȣ Ȗ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȐ ȗȖ ȗȓȈȕȍȚȈȔ ȇ ǷȖȓȖȕșȒȖȋȖ ǹ ǹª
ǰȓȓ Ǫ ǹȊȈȘȖȋȈ ǷȖȏȌȕȍȍ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍȌȐșȓȖȊȐȍ Ȓ ǸǺ ș ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȕȖȑ
ȒȖȕȞȖȊȒȖȑ ȗȖșȓȍ șȓȖȊ ©ȗȍȘȍȋȖȘȖȌȒȐ ȘȖȌșȚȊȈ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȘțȝȕțȓȐª
©Ǫșȍ ȏȌȍșȤ ȖȗȐșȈȕȕȖȍ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȐȓȐ șțȔȈș-
ȉȘȖȌȕȖȑ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȍȑ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȍȌȊȐȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȓȐȠȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ȉțȌțȡȍȋȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȏȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȚȤ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȍ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȖ ȒȈȒ ȋȘȧȌțȡȍȍ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȣ ȓȍȚ ȖȝȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȐ Ȑ ȚȖȔț ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ ȕȈțȟȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȗțȋȈȦȡȐȍ ȌȈȎȍ
ȌȍȚȍȑ
ǵȖ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȔȍȎȌț ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈȔȐ țȎȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȕȈȟȈ-
ȓȈșȤ Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȕȈ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ ȘȈȏȋȈȘȍ ǹȖȏȕȈȦȚ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȖșȖ-
ȉȍȕȕȖ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ ȉȍșȗȍȟȕȖ șȌȈȦȡȐȍ șȊȖȐ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈȔ
ǴȖȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȉțȌțȡȍȋȖ Ȉ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍ-
ȋȖ — ȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȍȓ șȒțȟȕȣȍ ȘȈșșțȎȌȍȕȐȧ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȝ ȗȘȍȌȐ-
șȓȖȊȐȑ ȕȐȒȍȔ ȕȍ ȟȐȚȈȍȔȣȝ ȏȈȔȍȕȐȚȤ ȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȔ ȐȏȓȖȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȋȓȈȏ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ Ȋȍ-
ȌȍȚ Ȓ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȦ ȊȣȘȖȎȌȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ Ȑ Ȓ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊț ȎȍȕȖ-
ȊȓȈșȚȐȧ
Ǫ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȑ ȒȕȐȋȍ șȖȉȘȈȕȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȟȍȘȒȖȊ-ȥȗȐȏȖȌȖȊ ȊȖȑ-
ȕȣ ȌȊțȝ ȗȖȓȖȊ
P. S. CȦȎȍȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȐșȓȖȊȐȧ-ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ ȏȈȐȔșȚȊȖȊȈȕ ȖȚȟȈșȚȐ
Ȑȏ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȖȥȔȣ ȇ ǷȖȓȖȕșȒȖȋȖª
©ǷȖȥȔȈª ǷȖȓȖȕșȒȖȋȖ — ȖȠȐȉȒȈ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ ȘȍȟȤ ȐȌȍȚ Ȗȉ ȖȗȐșȈ-
ȕȐȐ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ țșȚȘȖȑșȚȊȈ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȓȈȕȍȚȣ ǬȈȌȈȦ Ȋ
ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ ǷȖȓȖȕșȒȖȋȖ ©ǵȈ ȊȣșȖȚȈȝ șȗȐȘȐȚȐȏȔȈª (1885).

186
DzȖȔȍȚȈ // ǪșȍȔȐȘȕȈȧ ȗȈȕȖȘȈȔȈ  ȹ  ǰȓȓ Ǩ ǺȈȊȐȞȈ
ǯȈȋȖȊȖȘ ©ǩȍȓȖȑ ȒțȊȠȐȕȒȐª // ǹȐȕȐȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ  ȹ .
ǰȓȓ ǹ dzȤȊȖȊȈ
ǷȘȍȌȒȐ // ǨȘȋțș  ȹ  ǰȓȓ Ǫ ǹȊȈȘȖȋȈ ǵȈ ș  ȘȐș Ǩ
ȀȗȐȘȈ Ȑȏ țȒȈȏȈȕȕȖȑ ȕȐȎȍ ȗțȉȓ Ȋ ȎțȘȕ ©ǪșȍȔȐȘȕȣȑ șȓȍȌȖȗȣȚª
ǼȘȈȏȣ ȕȈȉȘȈȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȍ ȘȈȏȘȧȌȒȖȑ Ȍȓȧ țȌȖȉșȚȊȈ ȟȚȍȕȐȧ
ȌȈȕȣ ȒțȘșȐȊȖȔ
ǹțȌȤȉȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ ©ǷȘȍȌȒȐª șȓȖȎȐȓȈșȤ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȖ Ǫ  ȋ ȍȋȖ
ȗȖȌ ȌȍȊȐȏȖȔ ©ǷțȚȤª ȗȘȐșȓȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȕȒțȘș ȎțȘȕȈȓȈ ©ǪșȍȔȐȘȕȣȑ
șȓȍȌȖȗȣȚª ȕȍȒȐȑ dz Ǩ ǿȍȘȕȧȒ ȊȣȌȈȊȠȐȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ȏȈ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ǿȍȘȕȧȒ Ȋȕȍș Ȋ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȐȧ Ȋ
ȚȖȔ ȟȐșȓȍ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓ ȐȔȍȕȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ ȓȐȞ
 ǵȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȒȖșȕțȓȐșȤ ȜȐȕȈȓȈ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȕȈȟȐșȚȖ ȐșȟȍȏȓȖ ȘȈșșțȎȌȍ-
ȕȐȍ Ȗ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȔ ȉȣȚȐȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ-ȓȧȋțȠȍȒ
ǸȈșșȒȈȏ ©ǷȘȍȌȒȐª ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ -Ȧ ȗȘȍȔȐȦ Ȋ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȍ  Șțȉ Ȑ
ȉȣȓ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȕ Ȋ ȹ  ȏȈ  ȋ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ țȎȍ Ȋ -Ȕ ȕȖȔȍȘȍ ȏȈ ȚȖȚ
Ȏȍ ȋȖȌ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ șȓȍȌțȦȡȈȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȒȈ
ʙˑːˍ˖˓˔ː˞ˌ ˒ˎ˃ˆˋ˃˕
ʜ˃ ˅˕ˑ˓ˑˌ ˎˋ˕ˍˑːˍ˖˓˔ Ǽʑ˔ˈˏˋ˓ːˑˆˑ ʠˎˈˇˑ˒˞˕˃ǽ ȋͳͻʹͺ ˆǤȌ ˄˞ˎ
˒˓ˋ˔ˎ˃ː ˏˈˉˇ˖ ˒˓ˑ˚ˋˏˋ ˓˖ˍˑ˒ˋ˔ˢˏˋ ˗˃ː˕˃˔˕ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋˌ ˓˃˔˔ˍ˃ˊ
Ǽʞ˓ˈˇˍˋǽǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˌ ˚ˎˈː˃ˏˋ ˉˡ˓ˋ ˄˞ˎ ˒˓ˋˊː˃ː ˊ˃˔ˎ˖ˉˋ˅˃ˡ˜ˋˏ
˒˓ˈˏˋ˓ˑ˅˃ːˋˢǤ ʔˏ˖ ˄˞ˎ˃ ˒˓ˋ˔˖ˉˇˈː˃ ͺ-ˢ ˒˓ˈˏˋˢ ˅ ˓˃ˊˏˈ˓ˈ ͳͷͲ
˓˖˄ˎˈˌǤ ʞˑ ˅˔ˍ˓˞˕ˋˋ ˍˑː˅ˈ˓˕˃ǡ ˒˓ˋˎˑˉˈːːˑˆˑ ˍ ˓˖ˍˑ˒ˋ˔ˋǡ ˑˍ˃ˊ˃-
ˎˑ˔˟ǡ ˚˕ˑ ˃˅˕ˑ˓ˑˏ ˓˃˔˔ˍ˃ˊ˃ ˢ˅ˎˢˈ˕˔ˢ ʚˈˑːˋˇ ʏːˇ˓ˈˈ˅ˋ˚ ʦˈ˓ːˢˍǡ ˉˋ-
˅˖˜ˋˌ ˅ ˆǤ ʙˋˈ˅ˈǡ ː˃ ʞˋ˓ˑˆˑ˅˔ˍˑˌ ˖ˎˋ˙ˈǡ ˅ ˇǤ ͒ ͳʹǡ ˍ˅Ǥ ͶǤ
ʟ˃˔˔ˍ˃ˊ ˄˞ˎ ː˃˒ˈ˚˃˕˃ː ˅ ͒ ͳ Ǽʠˎˈˇˑ˒˞˕˃ǽǤ ʙ˃ˍ ˕ˑˎ˟ˍˑ ːˑˏˈ˓˃ ˔
ˠ˕ˋˏ ˓˃˔˔ˍ˃ˊˑˏ ˄˞ˎˋ ˓˃ˊˑ˔ˎ˃ː˞ ˒ˑˇ˒ˋ˔˚ˋˍ˃ˏǡ ˓ˈˇ˃ˍ˙ˋˢ ˒ˑˎ˖˚ˋˎ˃
ˑ˕ ˔˅ˑˋ˘ ˇ˓˖ˊˈˌ-˚ˋ˕˃˕ˈˎˈˌ ːˈ˔ˍˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˒ˋ˔ˈˏǡ ˅ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞˘ ˔ ˅ˑˊˏ˖˜ˈ-
ːˋˈˏ ˓˃˔˔ˍ˃ˊ˞˅˃ˎˑ˔˟ ˑ ˕ˑˏǡ ˚˕ˑ ˓ˈˇ˃ˍ˙ˋˢ Ǽʠˎˈˇˑ˒˞˕˃ǽ ˅˅ˈˇˈː˃ ˅
ˊ˃˄ˎ˖ˉˇˈːˋˈ ˆ˓Ǥ ʦˈ˓ːˢˍˑˏǡ ˙ˈˎˋˍˑˏ ˒ˈ˓ˈ˒ˋ˔˃˅˛ˋˏ ˠ˕ˑ˕ ˓˃˔˔ˍ˃ˊ
˔ˑ ˔˕˓˃ːˋ˙ ˉ˖˓ː˃ˎ˃ Ǽʏ˓ˆ˖˔ǽ ˊ˃ ͳͻͳ͵ ˆˑˇǡ ˆˇˈ ˑː ˄˞ˎ ː˃˒ˈ˚˃˕˃ː ˒ˑˇ
˕ˈˏ ˉˈ ˊ˃ˆˑˎˑ˅ˍˑˏǡ ˋ ˒˓ˋː˃ˇˎˈˉ˃ˎ ˒ˈ˓˖ ˒ˑˍˑˌːˑˆˑ ˎˈːˋːˆ˓˃ˇ˔ˍˑ-
ˆˑ ˒ˋ˔˃˕ˈˎˢ ʠˈ˓ˆˈˢ ʠˑˎˑˏˋː˃Ǥ ʠˍˑ˓ˑ ˅ ˓ˈˇ˃ˍ˙ˋˡ ˒ˑ˔˕˖˒ˋˎˋ ˋ ˠˍ-
ˊˈˏ˒ˎˢ˓˞ ˠ˕ˑˆˑ ːˑˏˈ˓˃ Ǽʏ˓ˆ˖˔˃ǽǡ ˋ ˓ˈˇ˃ˍ˙ˋˢ ˏˑˆˎ˃ ˅ˑˑ˚ˋˡ ˖˄ˈˇˋ˕˟-
˔ˢ ˅ ˕ˑˏǡ ˚˕ˑ ˑː˃ ˔˕˃ˎ˃ ˉˈ˓˕˅ˑˌ ˒ˎ˃ˆˋ˃˕˃Ǥ
ʙˑːˈ˚ːˑǡ ˚ˎˈː˞ ˓ˈˇ˃ˍ˙ˋˋ ˋ ˉˡ˓ˋ ːˈ ˏˑˆ˖˕ ˊː˃˕˟ ˔ˑˇˈ˓ˉ˃ːˋˈ
˅˔ˈ˘ ˒˓ˈˉːˋ˘ ˉ˖˓ː˃ˎˑ˅ǡ ˋ ˕ˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˖ ːˈˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞˘ ˋˊ ː˃˛ˋ˘ ˏːˑˆˑ-

187
˚ˋ˔ˎˈːː˞˘ ˇ˓˖ˊˈˌ-˚ˋ˕˃˕ˈˎˈˌ ˏˑˆˎˋ ˔ˎ˖˚˃ˌːˑ ˔ˑ˘˓˃ːˋ˕˟˔ˢ ːˑˏˈ-
˓˃ Ǽʏ˓ˆ˖˔˃ǽǤ
ʞˑ˔˕˖˒ˑˍ ˆ˓Ǥ ʦˈ˓ːˢˍ˃ ˔ ˓˃˔˔ˍ˃ˊˑˏ Ǽʞ˓ˈˇˍˋǽ ˑ˕ːˑ˔ˋ˕˔ˢ ˍ ˍ˃˕ˈ-
ˆˑ˓ˋˋ ˎˋ˕ˈ˓˃˕˖˓ːˑˆˑ ˏˑ˛ˈːːˋ˚ˈ˔˕˅˃Ǥ ʤˑ˓ˑ˛ˑ ˚˕ˑǡ ˑː ːˈ ˖˔˒ˈˎ ˈ˜ˈ
˒ˑˎ˖˚ˋ˕˟ ˒˓ˈˏˋˋ ˅ ͳͷͲ ˓˖˄Ǥ ˋǡ ˍˑːˈ˚ːˑǡ ˒ˑˎ˖˚ˋ˕ ːˈ ˈˈǡ ˃ ːˈ˚˕ˑ
˔ˑ˅˔ˈˏ ˇ˓˖ˆˑˈǣ ˓ˈˇ˃ˍ˙ˋˢ ˒ˑˇ˃ˎ˃ ː˃ ːˈˆˑ ˉ˃ˎˑ˄˖ ˍˋˈ˅˔ˍˑˏ˖ ˒˓ˑˍ˖-
˓ˑ˓˖ǡ ˑ˄˅ˋːˢˢ ˈˆˑ ˒ˑ ˔˕Ǥ ͳ͸ͻ ʢˆˑˎˑ˅ːˑˆˑ ˍˑˇˈˍ˔˃ǡ ˚Ǥ ͳǡ ˅ ˊ˃˅ˈˇˑˏˑˏ
ˏˑ˛ˈːːˋ˚ˈ˔˕˅ˈǤ ʓ˃ ˄˖ˇˈ˕ ːˈ˒ˑ˅˃ˇːˑ ˇ˓˖ˆˋˏ ːˈ˒ˑ˓ˢˇˑ˚ː˞ˏ ˎˋ˚ːˑ-
˔˕ˢˏ ˔ˑ˅ˈ˓˛˃˕˟ ˒ˑˇˑ˄ː˞ˈ ˒˓ˑˇˈˎˍˋ ˋ ˕ˈˏ ˔˃ˏ˞ˏ ˅˔ˈˎˢ˕˟ ˖ ˓ˈˇ˃ˍ-
˙ˋˋ ːˈˇˑ˅ˈ˓ˋˈ ˍ ˓˖ˍˑ˒ˋ˔ˢˏ ːˈˋˊ˅ˈ˔˕ː˞˘ ˈˌ ˃˅˕ˑ˓ˑ˅ǡ ˒˓ˋ˔˞ˎ˃ˈˏ˞ˏ
ː˃ˏ ˔ ˒ˈ˓ˋ˗ˈ˓ˋˋǡ — ːˈˇˑ˅ˈ˓ˋˈ ˕ˈˏ ˄ˑˎˈˈ ːˈ˒˓ˋˢ˕ːˑˈǡ ˚˕ˑ Ǽʠˎˈ-
ˇˑ˒˞˕ǽ ːˈ ˇˈˎ˃ˈ˕ ˔˕˃˅ˍˋ ː˃ ˋˊ˅ˈ˔˕ː˞ˈ ˎˋ˕ˈ˓˃˕˖˓ː˞ˈ ˋˏˈː˃ǡ ˃ ˔˕˃-
˓˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ː˃˘ˑˇˋ˕˟ ˋ ˅˞ˇ˅ˋˆ˃˕˟ ˇ˃˓ˑ˅ˋ˕˞˘ ˏˑˎˑˇ˞˘ ˒ˋ˔˃˕ˈˎˈˌ ˋˊ
ˆ˖˜ˋ ˉˋˊːˋǤ
ʠ˃ˏ˞ˏ ˅ˈ˔ˈˎ˞ˏ ˅ˑ ˅˔ˈˌ ˠ˕ˑˌ ːˈ˅ˈ˔ˈˎˑˌ ˋ˔˕ˑ˓ˋˋ ˢ˅ˎˢˈ˕˔ˢ
Ǽ˒ˑˠ˕ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋˌǽ ˇˈ˅ˋˊǡ ˒ˑˇ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˏ ʦˈ˓ːˢˍ ˒˓ˋ˔ˎ˃ˎ ˖ˍ˓˃ˇˈːː˞ˌ
ˋˏ ˓˃˔˔ˍ˃ˊǡ ˃ ˋˏˈːːˑǣ
Ǽʗ ˈ˔ˎˋ ˄ ˇ˃ˉˈ ˅ ˔˃ˏˑˏ ˇˈˎˈ
ʜ˃ ˎˑˉːˑˏ ˢ ˔˕ˑˢˎ ˒˖˕ˋǡ —
ʜˑ ˠ˕ˑ˕ ˒˖˕˟ǡ ˑˇː˃ˍˑ ˉǡ ˔ ˚ˈ˔˕˟ˡ
ʮ ˇˑ ˍˑː˙˃ ˘ˑ˚˖ ˒˓ˑˌ˕ˋǤǤǤǽ
ʠ˚˃˔˕ˎˋ˅ˑˆˑ ˒˖˕ˋǡ ˆ˓Ǥ ʦˈ˓ːˢˍǨ ʔˆˑ ˅˃ˏ ˖ˍ˃ˉˈ˕ ˍˋˈ˅˔ˍˋˌ ˒˓ˑˍ˖-
˓ˑ˓ǤǤǤ
ǰȏ ȹ  ȏȈ  ȋ ȏȈȐȕȚȘȐȋȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȐ ȔȖȋȓȐ țȏȕȈȚȤ
ȒȈȒȈȧ ȒȈȘȈ ȗȖșȚȐȋȓȈ ȔȖȠȍȕȕȐȒȈ ǶȚȌȍȓȈȓșȧ Ȗȕ șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȘȍȌȈȒ-
ȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȏȈȔȍȚȒȍ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȓȍȋȒȖ
ʝ˕ ˓ˈˇ˃ˍ˙ˋˋ
ʑ ͒ ͵ Ǽʑ˔ˈˏˋ˓ːˑˆˑ ʠˎˈˇˑ˒˞˕˃ǽ ː˃˛ˋˏ ˚ˋ˕˃˕ˈˎˢˏ ˔ˑˑ˄˜˃ˎˑ˔˟ ˑ
˗˃ˍ˕ˈ ˎˋ˕ˈ˓˃˕˖˓ːˑˆˑ ˅ˑ˓ˑ˅˔˕˅˃ ˆ˓Ǥ ʦˈ˓ːˢˍ˃ǡ ˒˓ˋ˔ˎ˃˅˛ˈˆˑ ː˃ ˎˋ-
˕ˈ˓˃˕˖˓ː˞ˌ ˍˑːˍ˖˓˔ Ǽʠˎˈˇˑ˒˞˕˃ǽ ˅ ͳͻʹͺ ˆˑˇ˖ ˓˃˔˔ˍ˃ˊ Ǽʞ˓ˈˇˍˋǽǡ
˔˒ˋ˔˃ːː˞ˌ ˒ˑˎːˑ˔˕˟ˡ ˔ ˉ˖˓ː˃ˎ˃ Ǽʏ˓ˆ˖˔ǽ ˊ˃ ͳͻͳ͵ ˆˑˇ ˋ ˒˓ˋː˃ˇ-
ˎˈˉ˃˅˛ˋˌ ˒ˈ˓˖ ˒ˑˍˑˌːˑˆˑ ˒ˋ˔˃˕ˈˎˢ ʠˈ˓ˆˈˢ ʠˑˎˑˏˋː˃Ǥ ʟ˃˔˔ˍ˃ˊ
ˠ˕ˑ˕ ˄˞ˎ ː˃˒ˈ˚˃˕˃ː ˖ ː˃˔Ǥ ʙ˃ˍ ˖ˉˈ ˔ˑˑ˄˜˃ˎˑ˔˟ ˓˃ː˟˛ˈǡ ˇˈˎˑ ˇˎˢ
˓˃˔˔ˎˈˇˑ˅˃ːˋˢ ˄˞ˎˑ ˒ˈ˓ˈˇ˃ːˑ ˍˋˈ˅˔ˍˑˏ˖ ˒˓ˑˍ˖˓ˑ˓˖Ǥ ʜ˃ ˇːˢ˘ ˑ˕
ː˃˓ˑˇːˑˆˑ ˔˖ˇ˟ˋ ˆǤ ʙˋˈ˅˃ ˒ˑˎ˖˚ˈːˑ ˔ˑˑ˄˜ˈːˋˈ ˑ ˕ˑˏǡ ˚˕ˑ ˑ˄˅ˋ-

ːˢˈˏˑˆˑ ˆ˓Ǥ ʦˈ˓ːˢˍ˃ ː˃˓ˑˇː˞ˌ ˔˖ˇ ˒˓ˋˆˑ˅ˑ˓ˋˎ ˍ ˎˋ˛ˈːˋˡ ˔˅ˑ˄ˑ-
ˇ˞ ˔˓ˑˍˑˏ ː˃ ͸ ˏˈ˔ˢ˙ˈ˅ ˄ˈˊ ˔˕˓ˑˆˑˌ ˋˊˑˎˢ˙ˋˋǤ ʜˑǡ ˒˓ˋːˋˏ˃ˢ ˅ˑ
˅ːˋˏ˃ːˋˈǡ ˚˕ˑ ˔˕ˈ˒ˈː˟ ˔ˑ˙ˋ˃ˎ˟ːˑˌ ˑ˒˃˔ːˑ˔˕ˋ ˑ˔˖ˉˇˈːːˑˆˑ ːˈ ˕˓ˈ-
˄˖ˈ˕ ˋˊˑˎˢ˙ˋˋ ˑ˕ ˑ˄˜ˈ˔˕˅ˈːːˑ˔˕ˋǡ ˔˖ˇ ˔˚ˋ˕˃ˈ˕ ˠ˕ˑ˕ ˒˓ˋˆˑ˅ˑ˓ ˖˔ˎˑ˅-
ː˞ˏ ː˃ ˋ˔˒˞˕˃˕ˈˎ˟ː˞ˌ ˔˓ˑˍ ˕˓ˋ ˆˑˇ˃Ǥ
ʒˑːˑ˓˃˓ ˅ ˓˃ˊˏˈ˓ˈ ͳͷͲ ˓˖˄ˎˈˌǡ ˒˓ˋ˚ˋ˕˃ˡ˜ˋˌ˔ˢ ˃˅˕ˑ˓˖ ˓˃˔˔ˍ˃ˊ˃
Ǽʞ˓ˈˇˍˋǽǡ ˔˅ˑˈ˅˓ˈˏˈːːˑ ˊ˃ˇˈ˓ˉ˃ːː˞ˌ ˅˞ˇ˃˚ˈˌ ˆ˓Ǥ ʦˈ˓ːˢˍ˖ǡ ˒ˈ˓ˈ-
ˇ˃ː ˓ˈˇ˃ˍ˙ˋˈˌ ˅ ˗ˑːˇ ˔˃ˏˑˎˈ˕˃ ǼʖʗʣǽǤ
ǶșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȊȍȘȐ // dzȍȚțȟȐȍ ȈȓȤȔȈȕȈȝȐ  Ǫȣȗ
19.
ǷȚȐȞȣ  ǨȘȋțș  ȹ  ǸǺ- ǰȓȓ ǵ ǫȍȘȈȘȌȖȊȈ Ȑ
Ƕ ǨȘȉȐȕȈ
ǪȈȔȗȐȘ  ǹȐȕȐȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ  ȹ  ǰȓȓ ǵ ǫȍȘȈȘȌȖȊȈ
ǹȈȔȖȏȊȈȕȍȞ  ǸǺ-1913.
ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȐȓȐ ȏȔȍȧ // ǹȐȕȐȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ  ȹ  ǰȓȓ Ǫ
ǹȊȈȘȖȋȈ
ǪȍȌȤȔȈ // ǪșȍȔȐȘȕȈȧ ȗȈȕȖȘȈȔȈ  ȹ 45 (134).
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȉȍȏ ȒȖșȚȍȑ  ǨȘȋțș  ȹ  ȗȖȌ ȗșȍȊȌ ©ǹ ǹț-
ȝȖȌȖȓȤșȒȐȑª ǰȓȓ Ǽ ȀȖȓȤȚȍ
Dzȓțȉ ȉȍȏȎȍȓțȌȖȟȕȣȝ  ǪȖȓȕȣ  ȹ 
ǶȠȐȉȒȈ ȉȐȖȓȖȋȈ  ǹȐȕȐȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ  ȹ  ǰȓȓ ǵ ǸȈ-
ȌȐȕȈ
ǵȍțȌȈȟȕȈȧ ȓȍȕȚȈ  ǹȐȕȐȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ  ȹ 4 ǰȓȓ ǵ ǸȖ-
ȋȖȊȈ
Dz ȏȊȍȏȌȈȔ  ǪșȍȔȐȘȕȈȧ ȗȈȕȖȘȈȔȈ  ȹ 
ǷȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ
ǵȧȕȦȠȒȐȕȣ șȒȈȏȣ // ǹȐȕȐȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ  ȹȹ  

ǶȋȓȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ
ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ǸȈșșȒȈȏ Ȑȏ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȉțȌțȡȍȋȖ
6
DzȖȔȍȚȈ
14
ǯȈȋȖȊȖȘ ©ǩȍȓȖȑ ȒțȊȠȐȕȒȐª ǼȈȕȚȈȏȐȧ
28
ǷȘȍȌȒȐ
35
ǶșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȊȍȘȐ
57
ǷȚȐȞȣ
65
ǪȈȔȗȐȘ
93
ǹȈȔȖȏȊȈȕȍȞ
102
ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȐȓȐ ȏȔȍȧ"
113
ǪȍȌȤȔȈ
126
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȉȍȏ ȒȖșȚȍȑ
134
Dzȓțȉ ȉȍȏȎȍȓțȌȖȟȕȣȝ
142
ǶȠȐȉȒȈ ȉȐȖȓȖȋȈ
151
ǵȍțȌȈȟȕȈȧ ȓȍȕȚȈ
159
Dz ȏȊȍȏȌȈȔ
170
ǷȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ǵȧȕȦȠȒȐȕȣ șȒȈȏȣ
180
ǷȘȐȔȍȟȈȕȐȧ
185