CȍȘȋȍȑ
ǹǶdzǶǴǰǵ
ǬǶDzǺǶǸ-ǬȄȇǪǶdz
ǰȏȉȘȈȕȕȣȍ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȧ
ǺȖȔ III
Salamandra P.V.V.

CȖȓȖȔȐȕ ǹȚȍȟȒȐȕ
 ǹ ȇ
ǬȖȒȚȖȘ-ȌȤȧȊȖȓ ǹȖșȚ Ȑ ȗȖȌȋ ȚȍȒșȚȈ Ǵ ǼȖȔȍȕȒȖ ǰȏȉȘȈȕ-
ȕȣȍ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȧ Ǻ III). — ǩ Ȕ: Salamandra P.V.V., 2021. —
158 ș. Ȑȓȓ — (Polaris ǷțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ȜȈȕȚȈ-
șȚȐȒȈ Ǫȣȗ ǹǹǹLǽXXVIII).
ǵȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȓȕȣȔ ȕȈ șȍȋȖȌȕȧȠ-
ȕȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍȔ ȕȈțȟȕȖ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȌȍȚȍȒȚȐȊȕȣȝ Ȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȓȦȟȍȕȟȍșȒȐȝ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȑ ȉȍȓȓȍȚȘȐșȚȈ Ȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȈ ǹ ȇ
ǹȖȓȖȔȐȕȈ ǹȚȍȟȒȐȕȈ -1913) Ǫ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȚȖȔ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ ȊȖȠȓȐ
Ȋ ȖșȕȖȊȕȖȔ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȟȍșȒȐȍ țȋȖȓȖȊȕȣȍ ȌȍȚȍȒȚȐȊȕȣȍ Ȑ ©țȎȈș-
ȕȣȍª ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ǫ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȊȒȓȦȟȍȕȣ ȌȊȈ ȘȈȕȕȐȝ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ Ȑ
ȉȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȣ
© M. Fomenko, șȖșȚȈȊ, ȗȖȌȋ. ȚȍȒșȚȈ ȗȘȐȔ 2021
© Salamandra P.V.V., ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȍ, 2021

DzǼǸȀǼǾ-DzȊȍǰǼǹ

6
ǺdzǾȀǰȉǷ ǺȁǴ
I
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȔȖȑ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ ȧ șȘȈȏț ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȣȔ
ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȓ ȕȍȊȘȈșȚȍȕȐȦ Ȋ șȐȓȤȕȖȔ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȐ ȥȚȖȑ
țȎȈșȕȖȑ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ
ǽțȌȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȔȍȕȧȦȡȍȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȚȖ
ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȕȍȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȖȋȕȍȔ ȚȖ ȗȖȋȈșȈȦȡȐȍ ȔțȚ-
ȕȣȍ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȖȋȕțȚȣȑ șȚȈȕ ȕȍȊȍȘȕȈȧ ȗȖȝȖȌȒȈ Ȑ ȕȍ-
șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ǯȕȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ" ǸțȒȐ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȖȌȕț
ȔȐȕțȚț ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȦȚșȧ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȔȐ Ȉ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȌȊȐȋȈȦȚșȧ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧȦȚ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȌȍȓȈȦȚ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȕȍȕțȎȕȣȝ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍȞȍȓȍ-
șȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȑ
ǸȈșșȗȘȖșȣ Ȑ ȖșȔȖȚȘ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȓȐ ȔȖȑ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ
ȌȐȈȋȕȖȏ
ǺȐȗȐȟȕȈȧ ȜȖȘȔȈ ȕȍȊȘȈșȚȍȕȐȐ ȗȘȐ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȐȓȤȕȖȔ ȘȈș--
șȚȘȖȑșȚȊȍ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȝ ȖȘȋȈȕȖȊ ǸȈșȠȐȘȍȕȐȍ șȍȘȌȞȈ Ȏȍȓț-
ȌȖȟȕȖ-ȒȐȠȍȟȕȣȑ ȒȈȚȈȘ țȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȍȟȍȕȤ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȡȐȑ-
șȧ șȒȓȍȘȖȏ ȗȖȟȍȒ ȇ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȐȓ Ȗȉȡȍȍ țȒȘȍȗȓȧȦȡȍȍ ȓȍȟȍȕȐȍ
ȗȘȖȗȐșȈȓ ȚȖȕȐȟȍșȒȖȍ șȘȍȌșȚȊȖ Ȍȓȧ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȊȕțȠȐȓ ȕȍȖȉȝȖ-
ȌȐȔȖșȚȤ ȌȐȍȚȣ Ȑ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȘȈȏȈ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǩȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȌȊȈ ȘȈȏȈ Ȋ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ Ȑ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ Ȑș-
ȗȖȓȕȧȓ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȔȖȐ ȗȘȍȌȗȐșȈȕȐȧ
ǿțȌȈ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓȖșȤ ȕȖ țȓțȟȠȍȕȐȍ șȖșȚȖȧ-
ȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ǻșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȚȖȕ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȖȟ-
ȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ țȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȕȍȘȊȕȖȑ șȐșȚȍȔȖȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȋ
ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȊșȍȋȖ șȓȖȎȕȖȋȖ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȏȔȈ Ȑ ȚȊȍȘ-
ȌȈȧ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ȞȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȖȘȋȈȕȈ — ȔȖȏȋȈ — țȎȍ ȌȈȊȈȓȈ șȍȉȧ
ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ
ǩȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȖȉȖȌȘȐȓșȧ Ȑ șȚȈȓ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȍȍ Ȕȍ-
ȕȍȍ ȔȘȈȟȕȖ ǺȈ țȎȈșȕȈȧ ȉȍȏȌȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕ-
ȕȐȔȐ ȖȘȋȈȕȈȔȐ ȒȘȖȊȍȕȖșȕȖȑ Ȑ ȓȐȔȜȈȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ șȐșȚȍȔȖȑ
ȉȍȏȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȐșȝȖȌȧȚ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȚȖ ȘȈȌȖșȚ-
ȕȣȍ ȚȖ ȌȖȊȖȌȧȡȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȌȖ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȗ șȈȔȖțȉȐȑșȚȊȍ — țșȗȖ-

7
ȒȖȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ șȚȈȓ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȌȍȔȖȕȖȊ șȈȔȖȖȚȘȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȧ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔȈ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȧ ș țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ șȔȍȓȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȔț ȟȚȖ
Ȗȕ ȕȈ ȗțȚȐ ȊȣȏȌȖȘȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȘȋȈȕȣ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȦȚșȧ
Ƕȕ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ ȋȖȘȧȟȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȓ ș ȗȖ-
ȓțȌȍȚșȒȖȑ ȉȖȓȚȓȐȊȖșȚȤȦ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȗȖ țȚȘȈȔ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊțȍȚ ȗȘȐȓȐȊ șȐȓ ȒȈȒ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȕȍȋȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȐȌȍȓȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ
șȍȘȈȧ ȋȈȌȐȕȈ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȓȍȚțȟȍȑ ȔȣȠȐ șȐȌȍȓȈ Ȑ ȖȚȘȧȝȐȊȈȓȈ ș
șȍȉȧ șȍȘțȦ ȗȣȓȤ Ȑ ȖȚȚȖȋȖ ȒȘțȋȖȔ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȘȈȟȕȖ șȍȘȖ Ȉ
ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȥȚȈ ȋȈȌȐȕȈ țȠȓȈ Ȑ ȋȓȈȏ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȖȡțȚȐȓ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȏȘȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȑ ȖȚ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȝ ȒȘȈșȖȒ ȎȐȏȕȐ
Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȔȕȖȎȒȖ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚȖȘ Ȑ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ
ȧȏȣȒȍ șȐȔȊȖȓȐșȚȖȊ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȧȧ șȊȖȍ șȈȔȖȟțȊșȚȊȐȍ
ǴȍȎȌț ȗȘȖȟȐȔ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ Ȗȕ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȎȌȍȚ ș ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ ȗȘȐȍȏȌȈ șȊȖȍȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ Ȏȍȕȣ ȋȖșȚȐȊȠȍȑ ț ȉȈȉțȠȒȐ
— ȇ ȍȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟț ȉȍȏ ȥȚȖȑ șȍȘȖȑ ȋȈȌȐȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ șȐȌȐȚ Șȧ-
ȌȖȔ Ȑ ȖȚȘȧȝȐȊȈȍȚșȧ
ǰ, ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȝ ȕȈȌȍȎȌ Ȗȕ țȠȍȓ șȒȈȏȈȊ ȟȚȖ ȊȐ-
ȏȐȚ ȍȋȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ șȓțȟȐȚșȧ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȍ
ǵȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȒȈȉȐȕȍ-
Țȍ ǹ ȗȖȋȈșȠȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ș ȌȍȘȋȈȦȡȐȔȐșȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ș ȉȍșȗȘȍ-
ȘȣȊȕȣȔ ȌȘȖȎȈȕȐȍȔ ȓȍȊȖȑ ȕȖȋȐ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȈ ȗȘȈȊțȦ
ǰ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ șȍȘȈȧ ȖȚȘȧȝȐȊȈȦȡȈȧ ȗȣȓȤ ȋȈȌȐȕȈ șȐȌȍȓȈ ȚțȚ
Ȏȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȕȍȋȖ
— ǿȚȖ ș ȊȈȔȐ"
Ƕȕ ȒȖȕȜțȏȓȐȊȖ ȖȋȓȧȌȍȓșȧ ȒȘțȋȖȔ
— ǭșȚȤ ȊȍȡȐ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȚȘțȌȕȖ ǵȍȓȖȊȒȖ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ǰ ȗȘȐȚȖȔ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȐȕȚȐȔȕȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȊȣȕȖșȐȚȤ ȕȈȘțȎț
— ǷȖșȚțȗȈȑȚȍ ȒȈȒ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȕȖ ȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ
șȊȧȚȖ șȖȉȓȦȌȈȍȔ ȊȘȈȟȍȉȕțȦ ȚȈȑȕț
ǩȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ǺțȔȈȕȕȖ ȕȍșȊȧȏȕȖ ȗȘȐȉȍȋȈȧ Ȓ
ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȣȔ ȖȉȖȘȖȚȈȔ ȗȈȘȈȓȓȍȓȧȔ ȔȍȚȈȜȖȘȈȔ
ȇ șȒȖȘȖ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ ǵȍ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȗȘȐȝȖ-
ȌȐȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȚȤ ȐșȗȖȊȍȌȕȐȒȖȔ ȘȖȒȖȊȖȑ ȚȈȑȕȣ ȕȍȊȘȈșȚȍ-
ȕȐȒȖȊ
ǭȋȖ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȕȈ ȎȐȏȕȍȘȈȌȖșȚȕțȦ ȊșȚȘȍȟț Ȏȍȕȣ ȕȍ ȖȗȘȈȊ-
ȌȈȓȐșȤ

8
ǯȌȍșȤ ȊȘȈȟ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȚ ȊȗȓȖȚȕțȦ Ȓ ȚȍȔ ȋȘȈȕȧȔ ȋȌȍ ȚȘȍȉȖ-
ȊȈȕȐȧ ȕȈțȒȐ șȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ș ȊȓȈșȚȕȣȔȐ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȐȧȔȐ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ DzȈȒ ȊȘȈȟ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȗȖșȖȊȍȚȖȊȈȚȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȖȌȕȖ ȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ
ȒțȘș ȓȍȟȍȕȐȧ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍ ȗȘȐ țșȓȖȊȐȐ
ȌțȠȍȊȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȒȖȧ DzȈȒ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȈȒ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ ȧ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ
ȟȚȖ Ȋ Ȑȕȣȝ șȓțȟȈȧȝ ȓțȟȠȍ ȘȈȏȎȍȟȤ șȊȍȟȒț ȎȐȏȕȐ ș ȌȊțȝ ȒȖȕ-
ȞȖȊ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȋȖȘȍȚȤ Ȋ ȐȓȓȦȏȐȐ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ șȐȓȣ Ȑ ȉȖȌ-
ȘȖșȚȐ ǽȖȚȤ ȌȍȕȤ ȌȈ ȔȖȑ
ǩȖȓȤȕȖȑ ș ȕȍȎȕȖȑ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȍȑ ȕȍȘȊȕȖȑ șȐșȚȍȔȣ ȊȍșȤ
ȚȘȍȗȍȚ ȊȍșȤ ȗȖȘȣȊ ȗȘȐ ȖȉȈȕȒȘȖȚȐȊȠȍȔșȧ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔȍ Ȋȕț-
ȠȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȎȈȓȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȗȘȍș-
ȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȌȈȓ ȍȔț ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȤ Ȑ șȚȘȈșȚȤ
II
ȇ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȌȖȔ
Ǵȍȕȧ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȔȖȑ ȗȈȞȐȍȕȚ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȖȋȖȘȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȖ ș
șȐȧȦȡȐȔȐ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȔȐ-ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȊȍșȤ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȕȈ ȗȘțȎȐȕȍ ȚȖȟ-
ȕȖ ȏȔȍȧ șȚȈȊȠȈȧ ȕȈ ȝȊȖșȚ ȇ ȏȕȈȓ ȗȘȐȟȐȕț ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍȘȊȕȖ-ȊȖȏ-
ȉțȎȌȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ȊȍȌȤ ȧ ȌȈȊȈȓ ȍȔț ȥȚȖȚ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȕȈ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȔ Ȗȕ șȋȖȘȈȓ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȕȖ ȊȍȘȕȖ
— ȇ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓ ȊȈș ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȗȖȚȖȔț, ȟȚȖ ȊȍȘȦ Ȋ ȊȈș ǴȖȧ
ȎȍȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȕȈ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȉȖȓȤȕȈ ȕȖ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȕȍȘȊ-
ȕȖȍ ȘȈșșȚȘȖȑșȚȊȖ
ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȈȉțȌț ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ ȖȚ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ ș
ȥȚȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȖȑ
ǶȕȈ ȗȖȓțȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȒțȠȍȚȒȍ Ȑ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȚȖȔ-
ȕȣȔ țșȚȈȓȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— ǵȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȔțȎ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ ȇ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȕȈ ǺȈȒ
ȕȍȘȊȣ ȠȈȓȧȚ
ȇ ȌȖȉȘȖșȖȊȍșȚȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȊȘȈȟ ȍȍ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ Ȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȊȣȠȍȕȕțȦ ȟțȊșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ
ȌȐȊȕȖȔ ȗȖ șȐȓȍ Ȑ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȦ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔȍ
ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȈ Ȑ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȘȈșȐȊȈ ǵȖ ȥȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȕȍ
ȚȖ Ǫșȧ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȓȕȈ ȎȍȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȈȧȕȐȧ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȓțȟȐ Ȑș-

9
ȝȖȌȧȚ Ȑȏ ȍȍ ȚȍȓȈ Ȑ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȖȌȍȎȌț ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧȚ Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȏțȦȚ ȖȒȖ-
ȓȖ ȕȍȍ ȖȘȍȖȓ ȚȖ ȈșȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȍ șȊȍȟȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȚȊȍȘȌȧȚ ȖȒ-
ȒțȓȤȚȐșȚȣ ǰ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖș-
ȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȌȗȈșȚȤ ȗȖȌ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ȚȖȑ șȐȓȣ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȕȍ-
ȓȤȏȧ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȋȘțȉȣȔ ȗȖȠȓȣȔ ȕȈțȟȕȣȔ ȧȏȣȒȖȔ ȧȏȣ-
ȒȖȔ, ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȞȐȕȐȟȕȣȔ șȊȖȍȦ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȘȈ-
ȎȈȦȡȐȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ
ȇ șȘȈȏț ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȍȍ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȝȖȚȧ
ȊȐȎț Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȗȖȕȧȓȈ ȓȐ ȖȕȈ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȚȖ Ȋȗȍ-
ȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓȈ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȕȍȚ Ǫ ȕȍȑ
ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ ȚȍȕȐ ȒȖȒȍȚșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȍȍ ȊȖȓȐ ȐȏȓțȟȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȜȓȦȐȌ
ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȊȠȍȑșȧ șȚȘȈșȚȐ ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȍȏ-
ȔȍȘȕȖ ȡȍȌȘȈ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȖȋȈȚȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ șȐȓȈȔȐ
ǹ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȕȈȟȈȓȐșȤ ȔȖȐ ȔțȒȐ ȇ ȓȦȉȐȓ Ȋșȍ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ
șȚȘȈșȚȤ ȗȖȋȓȖȡȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȈ ș ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȋ ȖȔțȚ ȉȍș-
ȟȍșȚȕȣȝ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ț ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ
ȓȦȉȐȚ ȏȈȔțȎȕȦȦ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț
ǴțȎ ȕȍ ȝȖȌȐȓ țȎȍ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȗȘȐȍȔȕȣȍ ȟȈșȣ Ȉ ȧ ȍȏȌȐȓ
ȕȈ ȌȖȔ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȚȘȐ ȘȈȏȈ Ȋ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȊȖȌȐȚȤ Ȋ ȒȘȖȊȤ
ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȓțȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȉȖȌȘȧȡȐȑ ȧȌ ȌȈȦȡȐȑ
ȍȔț ȐȓȓȦȏȐȦ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȐ Ȑ șȐȓȣ
ǰ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȍ ǰ Ȋșȍ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȗȖȒȈ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȕȍ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȔȖȏȋț ȔȖȍȔ Ȋ ȕȈȏȖȑȓȐȊțȦ ȐȌȍȦ
ȇ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȧȦ ȥȚȖ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȚȈȒ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ Ȋ ȠȐȘȖ-
ȒȐȑ ȒȖȕȍȞ șțȎȐȊȈȦȡȍȑșȧ ȚȘțȉȒȐ Ȑ ȊȐȌȐȚ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ
ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȖ Ǫșȍ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȍȍ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍ șțȡȍ-
șȚȊțȍȚ Ȋșȍ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȖ șȚȍȕȒȈȔȐ ȚȘțȉȒȐ
ǰ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȍ Ȏȍȕț ȔȖȍȋȖ ȗȈȞȐȍȕȚȈ Ȋșȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ
Ȋșȍ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȏȈȊȐșȍȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ Ȑș-
ȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȖ șȖȏȌȈȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȖȌȕȈ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȚȍȘ-
ȏȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȔȐ ȔțȒȈȔȐ ȘȍȊȕȖșȚȐ ǩȍȏ Ȕȍȕȧ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ
ȉȣ ȎȐȊȖȑ ȚȘțȗ ȧ ȌȍȓȈȓ Ȑȏ ȕȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȔțȎȟȐȕț ǩțȌȤ
ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȥȚȈ ȕȈțȒȈ Ȗ ȚȈȑȕȈȝ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȉțȌȤ ȗȘȖ-
ȒȓȧȚȈ ǻȑȚȐ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤ Ȑȝ ȥȚț ȗȈȘț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ șțȡȍșȚȊ ȥȚȖȚ
ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȣȑ șȖȦȏ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȐ ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ Ȑ șȐȓȣ ș ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȖȔ,
ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȥȓȐȒșȐȘȖȔ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǵȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ țȑȚȐ ȇ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȍȍ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȉȣ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ

10
ȕȍșȟȈșȚȍȕ ȓȐȠȐȊ șȍȉȧ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȒțȗȈȚȤșȧ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ Ȋ Ȑș-
ȚȖȟȈȍȔȖȔ ȍȦ ȜȓȦȐȌȍ ȎȍȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȖȉȈȧȕȐȧ
Ǩ ȔȣșȓȤ ȏȓȈȧ Ȑ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȈȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȈ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȧȧ ȔȖȏȋ țȎȈ-
șȖȔ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȉȍȏȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȕȖșȚȐ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȧ ȕȍ țșȚȖȧȓ Ȑ ȊȗȘȣșȕțȓ ȍȔț ȗȖȌ ȒȖȎț ȌȈ ȕȍ
Ȋșȍ ȓȐ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȧȌ ȊȊȍȓ ȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȖȋȐȉȈȦȡȐȑ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔ"
Ƕȕ șȓȍȋ ȇ ȓȍȟȐȓ ȍȋȖ dzȐȞȍȔȍȘȕȖ ȗȖȌȓȖ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ Ȗ
șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȧ ǶȚȊȍȟȈȓ ȕȈ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȣȍ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ Ȏȍȕȣ
șȈȔ șȋȖȘȈȧ șȚȘȈșȚȤȦ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȇ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓ ȓȍȒȈȘșȚȊȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ șȒȖ-
Șȍȍ șȊȍȓȖ ȉȣ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȔȖȋȐȓț
Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ țȎȈșȍȕ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȑ ǹȐȕȐȑ ș ȓȐȞȖȔ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȔ
ȋȕȖȑȕȐȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȗȧȚȕȈȔȐ ȗțșȒȈȊȠȐȔȐ ȖȚȘȖșȚȒȐ ȕȈ
ȓȐȞȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȓȈȗȣ ȗȈțȒȈ ǹȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȐșȝțȌȈȓ Ȉ ȚȍȓȖ ȉțȋȘȐȓȖșȤ
ȏȓȖȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȈȘȖșȚȈȔȐ ǵȍȏȈȉȣȊȈȍȔȣȑ țȎȈș ǷȖȏȖȘ
Ȑ ȖȔȍȘȏȍȕȐȍ ȎȍȘȚȊȣ șȔȍȘȚȐ
ǰ ȥȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȧ ȊȘȈȟ ȞȍȓȐȚȍȓȤ ȕȍȌțȎȕȣȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȌȖ-
ȊȍȘȧȦȚșȧ ȉȖȓȤȕȣȍ ȊȍȘȧ Ȋ ȕȈțȒț Ȋ ȟțȌȖ
III
ȇ ȎȍȕȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȊȌȖȊȍ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȗȈȞȐȍȕȚȈ ǻȉȍȌȐȚȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ
ȓȍȋȒȖ ǶȕȈ ȖșȐȘȖȚȍȊȠȈȧ ȖȚ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ ȌțȔȈȓȈ țȌȈ-
ȘȈ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȐșȒȈȓȈ ȌȘțȋȈ Ȉ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ țșȗȍȓȈ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȕțȚȤ ǴȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖȊȓȐȧȓȖ Ȑ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȑ ȔțȎȟȐ-
ȕȈ ȟȚȖ Ȋ șȈȔȖȑ șȚȘȈșȚȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȗȋȕȧ Ȉ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȐȓȈ ȔțȎșȒȖȋȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ
Ǵȣ ȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ ȊȌȊȖȍȔ Ȑȏ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ Ȋ ȔȖȦ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘț ǺȘȈțȘ
ȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȓ șȣȋȘȈȚȤ ȊȍșȍȓțȦ ȗȣȠȕțȦ șȊȈȌȤȉț DzȓȧȕțșȤ ȟȚȖ
ȧ ȏȈȉȣȓ ȖȉȖ ȊșȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȐ Ȗȉ țȎȈș-
ȕȖȔ ȚȘțȗȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧ țșȚȘȈȕȐȓ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ
ǪȍșȤ ȗȖȓȖȕ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȔ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ
ȗȖȉȍȌȣ ȌȖșȚȐȎȍȕȐȧ șȊȖȍȑ ȞȍȓȐ ǹȍȑȟȈș ȖȕȈ șȚȈȕȍȚ ȔȖȍȑ Ȑ
ȧ țȗȤȦșȤ ȍȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ șȚȘȈșȚȤȦ
ǶȌțȘȔȈȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȧ Ȋ șțȗȘțȎȍșȒțȦ
șȗȈȓȤȕȦ ȋȌȍ țȎȍ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ȚȈȒ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖ ȓȦȉȐȔȈȧ
ȔȕȖȦ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ

11
ȇ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ ȇ ȗȘȖșȚȍȘ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ǩȍȏțȔȕȣȑ
ȌȐȒȐȑ ȒȘȐȒ ȔȖȑ ȖȋȓȈșȐȓ șȗȈȓȤȕȦ ǭȍ ȓȦȉȐȔțȦ ȖȉȕȐȔȈȓ
©Ȗȕª ȔȍȘȚȊȣȑ ȔțȎ ȕȍ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȉ ȚȘțȗ
țȔȍȘȠȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȏȈȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȚȍȓȖ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȔȕȖȦ
ȔȖȐȔȐ ȏȕȈȕȐȧȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȐȓ ȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ
©Ƕȕª ȓȍȎȈȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ șȈȔȖȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ țȝȔȣȓȧȧșȤ ȘȈșȗțȝȠȐ-
ȔȐ ȋțȉȈȔȐ ȊȓȈșȚȕȖ ȖȉȕȐȔȈȓ șȚȈȕ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ Ȑ Ȑȏ ȋȕȖȧȡȐȝ-
șȧ ȊȗȈȌȐȕ ȉȓȍșȚȍȓȐ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȖ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ȇ țȉȍȎȈȓ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȚȖ ȖȚțȗȍȕȐȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ țȗȈȓ
ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕ ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȉȐȓȖșȤ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔȐ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ țȌȈȘȈ-
ȔȐ DzȘȖȊȤ ȚȖ ȗȘȐȓȐȊȈȓȈ Ȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ Ȑ ȖȕȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧ-
ȓȈșȤ ȒȐȗȧȡȍȑ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȚȖ ȖȚȓȐȊȈȓȈ ȊȕȖȊȤ Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌ ȖȚ ȏȈȚȣȓ-
ȒȈ Ƞȍȓ ȗȖ șȗȐȕȍ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȧ Ȋ Țȍȓȍ ȕȍțȌȍȘȎȐȔțȦ ȌȘȖȎȤ
Ǫșȍ șȐȓȣ ȘȈȏțȔȈ șȖȉȘȈȓ ȧ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȤȉț ș ȖȊȓȈȌȍȊȈȦȡȐȔ
ȔȕȖȦ ȉȍȏțȔȐȍȔ
ǵȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȧ ȇ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȟȈșȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ
ȉȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȚȘțȗ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȈșȤ ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈ-
ȜȐȧ Ȋ ȔȖȏȋț Ǩ ȚțȚ șȖȊȍșȚȤ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ǹȖȊȍșȚȤ" DzȈȒȖȑ ȊȏȌȖȘ
ȇ țșȚȘȈȕȐȓ ȎȐȊȖȋȖ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȈ ȝȖȌȧȟȐȑ ȚȘțȗ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ Ȕȍ-
șȚȖ, șȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȑ ȐȔȍȦȡȐȑ ȗȘȈȊȖ ȎȐȚȤ Ȑ ȕȈșȓȈȎ-
ȌȈȚȤșȧ
ǵȖ ȟȚȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȌțȔȈȍȚ ȎȍȕȈ" ǶȕȈ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ
ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȏȕȈȚȤ ǶȕȈ ȊȍȘȕȖ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ șȍȑȟȈș
ǰ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ Ȋ ȓȍȋȒȖȔ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȖȔ ȗȍȕȤȦȈȘȍ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȌȖȑ
ȖȉȓȐȊȈȦȡȍȔ ȍȍ ȌȐȊȕȣȑ șȚȈȕ ǹȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕ ȖȒȖȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ dzȐ-
ȞȖ ȊșȚȘȍȊȖȎȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȣȚȓȐȊȖȍ ǿȚȖ ȉȣ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȍȑ"
— ǿȚȖ ș ȚȖȉȖȦ ȔȐȓȣȑ" Ǻȣ ȕȍȏȌȖȘȖȊ"
— ǬȈ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȤ șȍȉȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ șȗȈȏȔȈ ȎȍȓțȌȒȈ ǪȍȘȖ-
ȧȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȢȍȓ ȚȈȒȖȍ
— Ǻȣ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȓȍȒȈȘșȚȊȖ"
— DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȕȕȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȓțȟȠȍ Ǫșȍ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȚ ȇ
ȊȍȌȤ ȒȈȒ șȚȘȈțș ȒȈȔȕȐ ȗȍȘȍȊȈȘȐȊȈȦ
— Ǩ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ Țȣ ȏȕȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȕȈȗțȋȈȓȈșȤ Ǻȣ ȚȈȒ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ
ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ȑ ȓȐȞȖ ț Țȍȉȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ-ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȐȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ Țȣ țȊȐȌȈȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ țȎȈșȕȖȍ
— ȅȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȚȈȒ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȗȘȐ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȣȝ șȗȈȏȔȈȝ
ǶȕȈ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȧ ȗȘȖȟȍȓ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ
ȍȍ ȚȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȓȈșȚȕȣȔ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȖȔ ȚȧȕȍȚ ȔțȎȟȐȕț

Ȓ ȖȎȐȌȈȦȡȍȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȍ
ȇ Ȗȉȕȧȓ ȍȍ
ǻȎȈș țȎȈșȖȊ ǴȍȎȌț ȕȈȔȐ șȐȌȍȓ ©Ȗȕª ȗȖȓțȋȖȓȣȑ ȋȕȐ-
ȓȖȑ ȇ ȒȖșȕțȓșȧ ©ȍȋȖª, ȖȔȍȘȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ Ȑ
ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȚȌȍȘȕțȓ ȘțȒț ȇșȕȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȠȕȖȚȊȖȘȕȣȑ
ȏȈȗȈȝ ȚȓȍȕȐȧ
ǰ ©Ȗȕª ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖșȚȘȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ
ȔȍȘȞȈȦȡȐȔ ȒȈȒ șȊȍȚȧȡȈȧ ȋȕȐȓțȠȒȈ
ȀȍȊȍȓȤȕțȓȐșȤ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȋțȉȣ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȘȈȏȌȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȋȕțșȕȖȍ ȗȖȌȓȖȍ ȝȐȝȐȒȈȕȤȍ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȒȚȖ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓ ȋȘȍȉȍ-
ȠȒȖȔ ȗȖ ȉțȔȈȋȍ
— ǴȐȓȣȑ Țȣ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȓ" Ǻȍȉȍ ȌțȘȕȖ"
— ǬȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȗȈȏȔȣ
ǹ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓȖșȤ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȘȐȉȓȐ-
ȎȈȓșȧ Ȓ Ȏȍȕȍ ǰ Ȕȕȍ țȎȍ ȕȍȟȍȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȔȕȐ-
ȔțȦ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖșȚȤ
ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȊȗȈȌȈȓ Ȋ ȕȍȐșȚȖȊșȚȊȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ șȍȉȧ ȖȉȊȐȕȧȓ Ȋ
ȚȘțșȖșȚȐ ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȓ ȋȕȐȓȖȑ ȚȘțȗ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȍȠȐȚȤșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȍȘȍșȚțȗȐȚȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȋȖ ǰ ȧ
ȉȘȖșȈȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ȏȊȍȘȤ Ȓ Ȏȍȕȍ Ȑ șȎȐȔȈȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧȝ ȕȖ Șț-
ȒȐ ȔȖȐ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȐ ȝȖȓȖȌȕțȦ ȖȔȍȘȏȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȒȖȎț Ȉ ȋțȉȣ
ȒȈșȈȓȐșȤ ȋȕȐȓȖȋȖ ȘȚȈ ǰ ©Ȗȕª ȋȕțșȕȖ ȝȐȝȐȒȈȓ ȐȏȌȍȊȈȧșȤ
ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȧ ȗȖȌșȓțȠȈȓ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ Ȏȍȕȣ ș ȏȈȔțȎȕȍȑ ȗȖȌ-
ȘțȋȖȑ
— ǴȖȑ ȔțȎ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȉȖȓȍȕ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȓȈȟȈ
ǺȘțȗ ȖȚȖȔșȚȐȓ .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
«Ǫ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȗȘȖȠț ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȕȐȚȤ DzȈȏȕȦ șȍȉȧ
ȌȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȕȖª

13
ȁǯǶǷȄǮ
Ƕȕ ȕȎȝȖȟȜȘ ȐȞȎȥȎ
...ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȍȕȐȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȖ
ȟȈșȈȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȚ
ǹȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȘȈȟȖȔ ǵȍ ȘȈȏ șȓȍȌȐȓ ȧ ȏȈ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȍȔ Țț-
ȉȍȘȒțȓȍȏȈ ț șȊȖȐȝ ȗȈȞȐȍȕȚȖȊ ǯȕȈȦ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍ-
Ȓț ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ țȔȐȘȈȍȚ Ȉ Ȗȕ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȖȎȐȊȍȚ ȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ Ȕȍ-
șȧȞ ǯȕȈȦ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȖȉȔȈȕȟȐȊȖȍ șȈȔȖȟțȊșȚȊȐȍ ȊȍșȍȓțȦ țȓȣȉ-
Ȓț ȉȣșȚȘțȦ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕțȦ ȘȍȟȤ Ȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȐȧȦȡȐȍ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ
ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȖȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ȟȚȖ ȟțȌȖ șȊȍȘȠȐ-
ȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȤ ȗȘȖȠȓȈ ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȊșȗȣȠȒȈ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘțȦ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȌȈȘȐȚ ȟȈȝȖȚȖȟȕȣȔ ȕȈȒȈȕțȕȍ ȒȖȕȞȈ
ȇȘȒȐȑ ȓȍȚȕȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ șȔȖȚȘȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ ǮȈȘȒȖ Ȑ ȌțȠȕȖ
Ǫșȍ ȘȈȌțȍȚșȧ Ȋșȍ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȎȐȚȤ ȐȏȕȣȊȈȍȚ Ȋ ȐșȚȖȔȍ șȚȘȈșȚȐ Ȑ
ȋȖȘȧȟȐȍ ȓȈșȒȐ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȉțȌȧȚ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ Ȗ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȓȈșȒȈȝ.
Ǩ ȧ ȊȟȍȘȈ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȌȘȖȎȈȓ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȕȍȚȖȗȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȊȈȘ-
ȚȐȘȍ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȧ șȖȊșȍȔ șȖȊșȍȔ ȏȌȖȘȖȊ ȅȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ
ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȎȐȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ
ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȌȓȐȚșȧ Ȍȕȧ ȌȊȈ
Ȑ ȧ țșȗȍȦ ȕȈȗȐșȈȚȤ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȚȧȋȖȚȐȚ ȔȖȦ ȌțȠț
ȇ — țȉȐȑȞȈ ǬȈ ȧ ȖȚȘȈȊȐȓ Ȓȕȧȏȧ ǴȍȏȍȘșȒȖȋȖ, ț ȒȖȚȖȘȖ-
ȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȐȔ ȊȘȈȟȖȔ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȌȊțȝ ȓȍȚ ǶȚȘȈȊȐȓ ȋȕțșȕȖ
ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤșȒȐ ȗȖȓȤȏțȧșȤ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȍȔ ȗȈȞȐȍȕȚȈ ǰ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȕȈ-
ȊȓȍȟȤ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȧ șțȌȍȉȕȣȝ ȊȓȈșȚȍȑ ȧ ȖȚȘȈȊȐȓ Ȓȕȧȏȧ ȕȍ Ȋ
ȖȌȐȕ ȘȈȏ Ȉ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ șȓȍȌȧ ȏȈ ȘȈȏȘțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍȔ
ȧȌȈ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȧ Ȑ țȔȍȕȤȠȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȏȣ Ǵȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȒȖȕ-
șȐȓȐțȔ ȖȉȔȈȕțȚȤ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȔ ȌȖȒȓȈȌȖȔ Ȗ ȔȕȐȔȖȑ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ
Ȑ ȥȚȐȔ ȐȌȐȖȚȈȔ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔȐ
ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ Ȑȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ
ǪȖșȍȔȤ ȓȍȚ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ șȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȓȕȧȏȧ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍ-
ȊȈȓ țȉȐȑșȚȊȈ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȐ șȢȍȓȐ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȕȣȑ ȖȉȍȌ Ȑ ș ȏȈ-
ȔȐȘȈȕȐȍȔ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȎȌȈȓȐ ȊșȒȘȣȚȐȧ ȏȈȊȍȡȈȕȐȧ Ǫșȍ ȖȉȖȠȓȖșȤ
ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ șȗȖȘȖȊ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȝ ȖȉȐȌ ǰȔț-
ȡȍșȚȊȖ țȔȍȘȠȍȋȖ ȉȖȋȈȟȈ ȗȖȌȍȓȐȓȐ
ǰ șȈȔȖȍ ȓțȟȠȍȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ țȕȍșȚȐ ȚȈȑȕț Ȋ ȔȖȋȐȓț

14
ȕȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȚȖȓȒȈȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȦȡȍȑșȧ șȔȍȘ-
ȚȐ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȓȦȌȧȔ ȐșȚȐȕț
ȇ șȟȐȚȈȓ Ȑ șȟȐȚȈȦ șȍȉȧ ȗȘȈȊȣȔ Ȋ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖȔ ȗȖșȚțȗ-
Ȓȍ Ȑ ȊȕȖȊȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓ ȉȣ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐ Țȍȝ Ȏȍ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȝ —
ȚȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȔȖȑ ȘȈȏțȔ
_____
ǵȖ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȗȘȧȔȣȔ șțȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȖȚȟȍȒȈ-
ȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ ȔȣșȓȤȦ ȒȖȗȖȠȐȚșȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȐȕȖȍ ©Ǻȣ
șȔȍȓ ȓȐȠȐȚȤ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ DzȚȖ Țȍȉȧ ȗȘȐȏȊȈȓ ȉȣȚȤ șț-
ȌȤȍȦ"ª
ȇ ȕȍ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȒȖȓȦȟȐȝ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖ-
ȘȍȟȐȧȝ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȌȘțȋȐȔ
DzȕȧȏȤ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȐȓȍȚȕȐȑ ȒȘȈșȈȊȍȞ ȏȈȉȖȓȍȓ ȘȖȒȖȊȖȑ ȉȖȓȍȏ-
ȕȤȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȟȐȚȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ț ȝȖȓȖ-
șȚȣȝ ȔțȎȟȐȕ Ȑ ȕȐ Ȋ ȒȖȔ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȍȚ țȎȈșȈ
ǴȖȎȕȖ ȊȣȓȍȟȐȚȤșȧ ǬȈ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȕȖ ȗȘȐ țșȓȖ-
ȊȐȐ șȐșȚȍȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șȚȘȖȋȖȋȖ ȒțȘșȈ ȓȍȟȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȖȓȕȖȋȖ
ȊȖȏȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȧ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȗȧȚȤ-ȠȍșȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȊȘȈȟ ȊȗȘȈȊȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ
©Ǫȣ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȥȚȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ Ȋ ȊȈȠȍȔ
ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐª
ǵȖ Ȍȓȧ Ȓȕȧȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍșȚȍȘȗȐȔȖ Ȋșȍ ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ǰȏȉȈ-
ȓȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ șȊȖȍȊȖȓȤȕȣȑ Ȗȕ ȓȐȠȤ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȗȖșȖȉȍȕ
ȉȣȓ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ șȖȊȍȚȈȔ ȊȘȈȟȈ
ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȐșȗțȋȈȓșȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȏȈ șȊȖȦ ȕȈȘțȎȕȖșȚȤ
— Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȐșȗȖȘȚȐȚșȧ ȓȐȞȖ"
ǰ ȓȍȟȐȓșȧ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ǵȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȤ ȓț-
ȒȈȊȖ șȒȘȣȓȈșȤ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȍ ȉȍșșȖȕȕȣȍ ȕȖȟȐ ȓȍȋȒȐȍ
șȊȧȏȐ ȒțȚȍȎȐ ǯȈȉȖȓȍȊȈȓ ȊȕȖȊȤ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȌȓȍȟȐȊȈȓșȧ
ȇ ȉȣȓ ȉȍșșȐȓȍȕ țȉȍȌȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓ șȍȉȍ șȚȘȈȠ-
ȕȖȍ ȉțȌțȡȍȍ Ǩ țȎȍ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȐ ȘȖȒȖȊȣȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȐ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ
ȕȍȘȊȕȣȍ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ ȗȈȘȈȓȐȟ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȕȖȋȐ ȔȖȏȋȖȊȣȍ
ȗȈțȏȣ ȟȚȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȓȖșȤ ȗȘȐ ȗȐșȈȕȐȐ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȗȘȖȗț-
șȒȈ șȓȖȊ Ȑ Ȟȍȓȣȝ ȜȘȈȏ
Ǫ 

 ȋȖȌț ȒȕȧȏȤ ȗȍȘȍȍȝȈȓ Ȋ șȊȖȍ ȐȔȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐ
ȕȍȔ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȍȋȖ ȊȘȈȟȈ

15
ǵȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȗȕ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ǹȚȈȓ ȊȍșȚȐ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȑ ȖȉȘȈȏ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ ȖȝȖȚț ȖȉȢȍȏȎȈȓ șȊȖȍ ȖȉȠȐȘȕȖȍ ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȖ
Ǫ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȓȍȚȈ ȒȕȧȏȤ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓșȧ ș șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȖȔ ȕȍ-
ȉȖȋȈȚȣȝ ȗȖȔȍȡȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȏȈȟȈșȚȐȓ ȚțȌȈ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ
ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȧ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓ ȖșȖȉȖȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȕȖȊȖȍ
ȘȈȏȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȗȈȞȐȍȕȚȈ
Ǫșȍ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȓțȟȠȍ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȊ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȔȣȝ ș ȒȖȒȖȚ-
ȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȐȋȘȣ Ȋ ȘțȓȍȚȒț
DzȕȧȏȤ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ȗ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȝ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ,
ȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȖȚȚțȌȈ ȕȈ ȠȈȘȈȉȈȕȍ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȢȍȝȈȊ Ȓ ȌȖȔț ȒȐȕțȓ
ȊȖȎȎȐ ȒȖȕȦȝț Ȑ țȊȐȌȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȘȈȏȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȐȟȈȓșȧ
— DzȈȒȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ mon vieux*, ȒȈȒȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ
ȇ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȒȕȧȏȤ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȕȣȑ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ ȉȓȖȕȌȐȕ-
ȒȐ ǩȣȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȖȌȍȚȈ Ȋ ȔȈȓȖȘȖșșȐȑșȒȐȑ ȒȖșȚȦȔ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȞȊȍ-
Țȣ ȊȖȓȕȣ șȊȍȚȓȣȝ ȊȖȓȖș ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ș ȘȍȉȧȟȤȐȔ ȊȣȘȈ-
ȎȍȕȐȍȔ — șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȖ-ȌȍȚșȒȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ©Ƕȝ ȒȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȎȐȚȤ
ȕȖ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȍșȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȟȚȖ șȖȊșȍȔ șȒȘȈșȐȚ ȎȐȏȕȤª
ǿȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȍȍ ȥȚȖȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȕȈȊȠȍȑ șȍȉȧ ȕȍ
ȊȣȧȊȐȊȠȍȑșȧ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖșȚȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȖȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ
DzȕȧȏȤ șȓȍȌȐȓ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȚ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ Ȑ șȈȔȖȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ
— ǨȋȈ ǰ Ȋȣ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȥȚȖ ȎȍȔȟțȎȐȕȈ"
ǺȖ ȟȚȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȍȚșȧ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȋȘțȉȖ ȗȖȌ ȕȖșȖȔ Ȕȣ
ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȘȍȌȒȖ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȍȔ ȍȡȍ ȘȍȎȍ ȖșȔȣșȓȐȊȈȍȔ
ǰ ȧ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȊȍȌȍȕȐȐ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖȔ ȉț-
ȌțȡȍȔ
Ǩ ȖȕȖ ȗȘȐȠȓȖ șȘȈȏț Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ
— ǷȖȏȌȘȈȊȤȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȧ ȗȖȔȖȓȊȓȍȕ ș ǵȐ-
ȕȖȑ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȖȊȕȖȑ
ǷȖ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— ǷȖȏȌȘȈȊȓȧȦ
ǬȈȎȍ ȗȖȠțȚȐȓ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓȐ ȗȐȚȤ ȠȈȔȗȈȕșȒȖȍ"
* ɋɬɚɪɢɧɚ ɮɪ


16
— ǷȖȋȖȌȐȚȍ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȊȌȘțȋ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ
ǩȍȘșȍȕȍȊȣ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȗȘȐȍȌțȚ Ȓ ȕȈȔ Ȋșȍȑ șȍȔȤȍȑ
DzȓȧȕțșȤ ȟȚȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȈ ȏȈșȐȌȍȊȠȍȋȖșȧ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊ-
ȕȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ț Ȕȍȕȧ
ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ȇ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȓȍȋ șȗȈȚȤ Ȑ ȕȈțȚȘȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ șȓțȋȍ ȊȣȕțȚȤ
Ȑȏ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕȈ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȓȍȚȕȐȑ ȒȖșȚȦȔ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȉȖ-
ȚȐȕȒȐ ǰ Ȋ ȥȚȖ țȚȘȖ ȧ Ȕȣȓșȧ Ȑ ȉȘȐȓșȧ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȍȑ ȟȍȔ ȖȉȣȒ-
ȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȊșȍȋȖ
ǿȈșȈ Ȋ ȌȊȈ ȗȖȌȢȍȝȈȓȈ ȒȖȓȧșȒȈ șȚȈȘȖȔȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȜȈșȖȕȈ ȏȈȗ-
ȘȧȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȕȍȑ șȈȊȘȈșȣȝ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȖȚșȓțȎȐȊȠȐȝ șȘȖȒ ȓȖ-
ȠȈȌȐȕȖȑ șȓțȎȉȣ
Ǫ ȌȖȔ ȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȋȖșȚȐ șȚȈȘȐȒ ș ȉȍȓȖȑ ȉȖȘȖȌȖȑ Ȑ ȌȓȐȕȕȣ-
ȔȐ șȍȌȣȔȐ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ ȓȖȒȖȕȈȔȐ ȗȖȌ ȜȐȋțȘț ȠȍșȚȐȌȍșȧȚȕȐ-
ȒȈ Ȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȚȖȓșȚȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ș ȕȈȐȊȕȖ-ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȣȔȐ
ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ-ȚțȔȉȖȟȒȈ
Ǩ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȒȕȧȏȤ —
ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȞȊȍȚțȡȈȧ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍȔ ȍȡȍ ȓțȟȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȧ ȌțȔȈȓ Ǫșȧ
șȊȍȎȈȧ ȟȐșȚȈȧ ȕȍȚȘȖȕțȚȈȧ Ǫșȧ ȖȎȐȌȈȦȡȈȧ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ șȖȏȕȈȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǵȖ țȎȍ ȐșȒȘȧȚșȧ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȣȔ ȍȡȍ ȒȖ-
ȒȍȚșȚȊȖȔ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȘȈȦȚșȧ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȔȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȔȖȚ-
ȘȧȚ ȕȈ ȎȍȕȐȝȈ
ȇ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȍ ȉȖȉȣȓȤ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ țȎȍ ȗȘȐȊȣȒ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȟțȎȖȍ
șȟȈșȚȤȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȤ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ȇ ȕȍ ȏȈȊȐȌȖȊȈȓ — ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ
ǪȐȌ ȥȚȐȝ ȌȊțȝ ȎȍȕȐȝȈ Ȑ ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȝ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ țȊ-
ȓȍȒ Ȕȍȕȧ ȐȏȧȡȍșȚȊȖȔ ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȈȞȐȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȍȘȍȎȐ-
ȊȈȕȐȑ
— DzȘȈșȐȊȈȧ ȗȈȘȈ
DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȓȍȋȓȈ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȖșȚȤ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤ șȚȈȘȐ-
ȒȖȊ Ȉ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȋțȓȧȚȤ Ȋ ȗȈȘȒ
ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȑ ȧ ȗȖȊȍȓ ȖȚȞȈ Ȑ ȔȈȚȤ ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȖȘȈȕ-
ȎȍȘȍȐ ȋȘțȕȚȖȊȣȍ șȈȘȈȐ țȋȖȡȈȓ Ȑȝ ȜȘțȒȚȈȔȐ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȖȝȐ
Ȑ ȈȝȐ ȗȖ ȗȖȊȖȌț ȘȖșȒȖȠȐ ȒȕȧȎȍșȒȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȖȚ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ
ȚȖȓșȚțȠȒȐ Ȑ ȗȘȍȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ-ȌȍȔȖȒȘȈȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ ©Ƞȍș-
ȚȐȌȍșȧȚȕȐȒȈ».
ǻșȈȌȐȓ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȚȈȘȐȒȖȊ ȏȈ șȖȚȖȊȣȑ ȔȍȌ ǭȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȍȋȖ
ș ȝȓȍȉȖȔ Ȑ ȧ ȗȖȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ȊȖ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȉțȌțȚ ȖȉȍȌȈȚȤ"
ǷȖȒȈ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȖșȤ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȗȖȉȘȖȌȐȚȤ

17
ȗȖ ȈȓȓȍȧȔ șȈȌȈ Ȑ ȕȈȉȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒțȦ ȉȍșȍȌȒț
ǹȈȔ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȏȈȟȍȔ ȚȖȓȒȕțȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ ȊȖȠȍȓ
DzȕȧȏȤ ȖȉȕȐȔȈȓ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȌ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒȖȑ ȚȘȍ-
ȗȍȚȈȓȈ ȍȍ ȊȣșȖȒȈȧ ȋȘțȌȤ ǰ ȊșȍȔ șȚȈȕȖȔ ȎȈȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ Ȓ ȕȍȔț
ǫȖȓȖȊȣ Ȑȝ șȉȓȐȏȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȖȔ ȗȖȞȍȓțȍ ǶȕȐ ȓȦȉȐ-
ȓȐ Ȑ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȓȐșȤ ȉȍȏ șȓȖȊ ǷȍȘȊȖȍ ȔȖȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ
șȒȖȘȍȍ țȑȚȐ ǵȖ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȚȖȟȕȖ țȌȈȘȐȓȖ ȗȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȏȈȔț-
ȚȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȔȣșȓȤ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ-ȉȣșȚȘȖ ǪȍȌȤ Ȗȕ
ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕ țȎȈșȕȣȔ ȕȍȌțȋȖȔ
ǭȋȖ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ ȐȏȧȡȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȥȚȈ ȔȈȚȖȊȈȧ ȡȍȒȈ ȗȍȘȍȘȍ-
ȏȈȕȕȈȧ ȏȈȊȐȚȒȖȔ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ țșȈ șȐȓȖȑ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ șȌȍȓȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȉȈȋȘȖȊȖ-ȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ ȖȔȍȘȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȐȏȘȈȕȍȕȕȣȔȐ ǰ Șț-
ȒȈ ȍȋȖ ș ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȖȚȚȖȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȖȋȚȧȔȐ ȓȍȎȈȡȈȧ ȕȈ Ȋȣ-
șȖȒȖȑ ȋȘțȌȐ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȐȏȘȣȚȣȑ
ȧȌȖȔ ȕȍȌțȋȈ ȉțȋȖȘ
ȇ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȖȚ ȕȈȝȓȣȕțȊȠȍȋȖ țȎȈșȈ
ǷȈȘȈ ȘȈȏȓțȟȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȖȉȈ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ
ǵȍȊȐȕȕȖȍ ȘȈȏȋȖȘȧȟȍȕȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȏȈȓȐȓȖșȤ ȒȘȈș-
ȒȖȑ șȚȣȌȈ
DzȕȧȏȤ ȖȚȠȈȚȕțȓșȧ
— Ǩ mon vieux, Ȑ ț ȊȈș șȍȘȌȞȍ ȕȍ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ
ǬȖ ȖȚȢȍȏȌȈ ȋȖșȚȍȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȓ
ȕȍȔț Ȋ șȗȈȓȤȕȦ ǫȖȘȧȟȖ țȉȍȎȌȈȓ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȓ Ȋșȍ țȎȈșȕȣȍ
ȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȧ Ȍȓȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ Ȑ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ
Ǩ Ȗȕ ș șȈȔȖȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖȑ țșȔȍȠȒȖȑ șȓțȠȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȒȐȕțȊ
ȘțȒț ȏȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȉ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȘȎȈ șȐȋȈȘț ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ
ȖȚȘȧȝȐȊȈȓ ȗȍȗȍȓ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔ ȕȖȋȚȍȔ ȔȐȏȐȕȞȈ
— ǬȈ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȊȓȦȉȐȓȐșȤ ȓȐ șȈȔȐ mȖn vieux, Ȋ ǵȐȕț ȟȚȖ
ȚȈȒ ȋȖȘȧȟȖ ȗȘȖȗȖȊȍȌțȍȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȔȖȕȈȠȍșȒȐȑ ȖȉȘȈȏ ȎȐȏȕȐ"
ǵȖ țȊȣ ȠȈȕșȣ ȊȈȠȐ ȕȍȊȍȓȐȒȐ
— DzȕȧȏȤ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȌȓȖ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ǫȣ ȉȖȓȤȕȣ Ȋȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ
ȐȏȉȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȖȚ ȘȍȞȐȌȐȊȈ ȊȗȘȣșȒȐȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȘȚțȚȐ ǮȍȕȐȚȤșȧ
ȊȈȔ șȍȑȟȈș — ȉȍȏțȔȐȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȚȖȋȖ — ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ
— Ǫȣ ȗȘȍțȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȍȚȍ mon vieux DzȚȖ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȓ ȥȚȖȑ ȉȖ-
ȓȍȏȕȤȦ" ǻ ȒȖȋȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȟȐșȓȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȜȖȘȔțȓȧȘȕȖȔ șȗȐșȒȍ" ǰ
Ȋșȍ ȎȍȕȧȚșȧ ȐȔȍȦȚ ȌȍȚȍȑ Ȑ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ țȎȈșȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ Ȋȣ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȗțȋȈȍȚȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ
Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ Ȕȍȕȧ șȓțȠȈȚȤ Ȗȕ ȐȏȌȍȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈșȔȍȝȈȓșȧ ȕȈ-

ȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȕȈȌ ȕȈțȒȖȑ ǰ ȧ țȠȍȓ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍȋȖȌțȦȡȐȑ Ȗȗȓȍ-
ȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȖșȔȍȧȕȕȣȑ
dzȍȋ șȗȈȚȤ ǶȉȘȈȏ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖ-
ȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ǵȈȐȊȕȖȍ ȔȐȓȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȊȖȗȘȖȠȈȦȡȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊȣșȖ-
ȒȈȧ ȋȘțȌȤ Ȑ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȍ ȉȍȌȘȈ Ȑ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȕȍȍ ȊȤȍȚșȧ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȚ
ȊșȦ ȊȚȧȋȐȊȈȍȚ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȖȔȍȘȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ șȗȘțȚ
ǷȓȖȝȖ șȗȈȓ ȧ ȥȚț ȕȖȟȤ Ȋ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȕȣȝ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȕȐȧȝ ǿȚȖ
ȌȍȓȈȚȤ" DzȈȒ șȗȈșȚȐ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȖȍ ȟȐșȚȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ"
ǷțșȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȓȐȠȈȚ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒȐ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȕȈȘțȠț ȗȘȐșȧȋț
— ȚȈȑȕț ȊȘȈȟȈ ȗȖȑȌț Ȓ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȧȔ ǵȐȕȣ Ȋșȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȎț
ǵȖ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒ ȖȉȈ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȍȓȐ ȔȍȌ ș ȝȓȍȉȖȔ ȒȈȒ
ȈȝȈȓȈ ȚȖȓșȚțȠȒȈ ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ǩȍȘșȍȕȍȊȣ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȌȖȓȎ-
ȕȣ Ȑ ȖșȍȕȤȦ ȋȘȖȏȐȚ ȗȘȖȌȈȎȈ ȐȔȍȕȐȧ ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȑȝ țȉȍȌȐȠȤ" ǸȈȏ-
Ȋȍ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȑȔțȚ"
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ țȉȐȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȉȐȚȤ — ȖȌȐȕ ȐșȝȖȌ ǰ ȧ șȚȈȓ ȖȚȘȈȊ-
ȓȧȚȤ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ șȓȍȌȐȚȤ ȏȈ țȋȈșȈȕȐȍȔ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȏȈȘȈȎȍȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ

19
DzǼǸȀǼǾ-DzȊȍǰǼǹ
I
ǮȐȚȍȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚșȒȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ N-șȒȈ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȗȖȚȘȧșȍȕȣ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ șȓțȟȈȧȔȐ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȊ-
ȠȐȔȐșȧ ȏȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȗȖȓȚȖȘȈ ȋȖȌȈ
ǩȍșșȓȍȌȕȖ ȐșȟȍȏȈȓȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ
Ȑȏ șȚțȌȍȕȚȖȊ ǵȈșȟȐȚȣȊȈȓȖșȤ țȎȍ șȍȔȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȉȍȏ ȊȍșȚȐ
ȗȘȖȗȈȊȠȐȝ ǶȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ ȖȉȊȐȕȧȓȖ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȦ Ȑ șȓȍ-
ȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȧ Ȋ ȉȍȏȌȍȑșȚȊȐȐ Ȑ ȕȍțȔȍȓȖșȚȐ ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍȗȘȈȊ-
ȌȈ ǵȍȖȉȢȧșȕȐȔȣȍ ȐșȟȍȏȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȐ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȕȐȍ Ȑ Ȋ șȚȖȓȐȞȍ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȕȍȖȌȕȖȒȘȈȚȕȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȐșȣȊȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȖ-
ȐȏȊȍșȚȐ șȚȘȖȎȈȑȠȍȍ ȘȈșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȋ N-șȒ ȉȣȓ
ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȖȊȈȕ ȖȗȣȚȕȣȑ șȣȡȐȒ ǩȣȓȐ ȗțȡȍȕȣ Ȋ ȝȖȌ Ȋșȍ ȚȖȕ-
ȒȖșȚȐ șȣșȒȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ ǷȘȐȉȍȋȓȐ Ȑ Ȓ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȌȘȍșșȐȘȖȊȈȕ-
ȕȣȝ șȖȉȈȒ
Ǫșȍ țșȐȓȐȧ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȚȡȍȚȕȣȔȐ
ǴȍșȚȕȈȧ ȋȈȏȍȚȈ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȓȈ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ șȚȈȚȤȧȝ Ȋșȍ-
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ
ȕȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȍȚ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ șȓțȟȈȍȊ
ǰșȟȍȏȕțȊȠȐȍ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȔȐ ȎȐȏȕȍȘȈȌȖ-
șȚȕȣȔȐ ǵȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȌțȠȍȊȕȣȝ ȌȘȈȔ ȖȕȐ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȕȍ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȎȐȊȈȓȐ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț șȈȔȈ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȗ șȈȔȖțȉȐȑșȚȊȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍ-
ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖȑ ȌȈȎȍ șȔȍȠȕȖȑ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ
ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȗȖșȔȍȘȚȕȖȑ ȏȈȗȐșȒȐ"
ǹȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤ ȉȍșȞȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȘȐȞȈȓ șȈȔȖțȉȐȑșȚȊȈ Ǫșȍ șȊȐȌȍ-
ȚȍȓȐ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȋȖȓȖș țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȒȈȕțȕȍ ȐșȟȍȏȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ
ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȐȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȊȈȓȐ ȔȘȈȟȕȖȋȖ țȋȕȍȚȍȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ȌțȝȈ ȅȚȖ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȓȐ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȐ Ȑ ȏȕȈȒȖ-
Ȕȣȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ
ǷȘȖȡȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ țȉȐȑșȚȊȖ ȕȖ ȕȍțȎȍ-
ȓȐ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȓțȟȈȧȝ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȐȒȈȔ țȌȈȓȖșȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ șȒȘȣȚȤ
ȊșȧȒȐȍ șȓȍȌȣ" DzțȌȈ ȌȍȊȈȓȐșȤ ȚȘțȗȣ" ǭșȓȐ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȥȚȖ țȉȐȑ-
șȚȊȖ ȚȖ ȗȖ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȔȖȚȐȊȈȔ" ǰȏ ȔȍșȚȐ" ǰȏ ȘȍȊȕȖșȚȐ" ǹ Ȟȍ-

20
ȓȤȦ ȋȘȈȉȍȎȈ" ǵȖ șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ ȕȍ ȌȈȓȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊ
ȟȚȖ țȉȐȑȞȈȔȐ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌȐȓ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȖȊȖȌȖȊ
ǷȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȗȖȝȐȡȍȕȐȍ ǵȖ ș ȒȈȒȖȑ ȞȍȓȤȦ" ǷȘȈȊ-
ȌȈ ȌȊȖȍ Ȑȏ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȉȣȓȐ șȣȕȖȊȤȧȔȐ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȝ ȘȖ-
ȌȐȚȍȓȍȑ ǵȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȓțȟȈȓȐ ȗȐșȍȔ ș ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ
ȊȣȒțȗȈ ȒȈȒ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒțȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȝ șȓțȟȈȧȝ
ǵȍ țȍȝȈȓȐ ȓȐ ȐșȟȍȏȕțȊȠȐȍ șȈȔȐ Ȑ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȒȘȣȊȈȦȚ
șȊȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȕȐȍ" DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ șȘȍ-
ȌȐ ȗȣȓȒȖȑ țȊȓȍȒȈȦȡȍȑșȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȎȐ ǵȖ ȐșȟȍȏȕțȊȠȐȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ ș șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȔȐ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȈȔȐ țȉȍȎȌȍ-
ȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȈȔȐ ǰ ȗȘȐȚȖȔ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣ
ȌȘțȋ c ȌȘțȋȖȔ ǷȘȖȗȈȓ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȘȖȟȐȔ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȒ ș
ȏȈȊȖȌȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȊȠȐȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȖȉȡȍȋȖ șȖ șȚțȌȍȕ-
ȚȈȔȐ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ — ȉȖȋȈȚȣȔȐ«
ǹȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȌȖȗțșȒȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ țȊ-
ȓȍȒȓȈ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȠȈȑȒȈ ȈȕȈȘȝȐșȚȖȊ ȐȓȐ ȥȒșȗȘȖȗȘȐȈȚȖ-
ȘȖȊ ǿȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȗȖ ȕȣȕȍȠȕȍȔț ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ"
ǵȖ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȐȝ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊ șȈȔȖȍ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ șȓȍȌ-
șȚȊȐȍ ȕȍ ȌȈȓȖ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ
Ǭȓȧ Ȋșȍȝ ȧșȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȌȕȖ Ȋ șțȌȤȉȍ ȐșȟȍȏȕțȊȠȐȝ ȍșȚȤ ȟȚȖ-
ȚȖ Ȗȉȡȍȍ ǰ ȍșȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȚȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȖ ȖȌȕȖȑ Șț-
ȒȖȑ ȐȓȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȠȈȑȒȖȑ ǫȈȏȍȚȈ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȌȖȗțșȒȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȐȒ ȐȔȍȓ șȖȖȉȡȕȐȒȖȊ
«ǷȖȊȚȖȘȧȦȡȐȍșȧ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ȖȉȣȒȕȖ-
ȊȍȕȕȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȦȚșȧ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ǰȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȐȝ țșȓȖ-
ȊȐȧȝ țȉȐȑȞȈ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȕȍțȓȖȊȐȔȣȔ ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ ǬȎȍȒȈ-
ǷȖȚȘȖȠȐȚȍȓȧª
©ǷțșȚȤ ȚȈȒ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓȈ ȌȘțȋȈȧ ȋȈȏȍȚȈ — ȕȖ ȋȌȍ Ȏȍ ȚȘț-
ȗȣ" ǬȎȍȒ Ȑȝ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓª
ǷȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȥȚȖ ȉȣ-
ȊȈȍȚ șȚȈȓȖ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȚȤ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ Ȑ ȏȈȕȧȓȖșȤ ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȈ-
ȔȐ ǻȎȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȗȖȓțȋȖȌȈ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȐșȟȍȏȕȖȊȍȕȐȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǪȓȈ-
șȚȐ Ȑ ȖȉȣȊȈȚȍȓȐ ȋ N-șȒȈ ȋȖȚȖȊȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȕȈ
ȊȖȓȦ ǩȖȎȐȦ ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȑșȟȍȏ șȣȕ șȖȉȖȘȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȚȖȐȍȘȍȧ,
șȍȔȐȕȈȘȐșȚ șȚȈȘȠȍȋȖ ȒȓȈșșȈ ǫȍȕȍȘȖȏȖȊ ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ȉȣȓ ȐȏȊȍșȚȍȕ șȘȍȌȐ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ șȊȖȍȑ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȑ șȐ-
ȓȖȑ Ȑ ȟțȌȕȣȔ ȉȈȘȝȈȚȕȣȔ ȉȈȘȐȚȖȕȖȔ ǭȋȖ țȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓȐ țȟȐȚȤ-
șȧ Ȋ ȒȖȕșȍȘȊȈȚȖȘȐȐ Ȑ ȗȖȑȚȐ ȕȈ șȞȍȕț ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȌȖ-

21
ȔȈȠȕȐȍ Ȑ ȓȦȉȐȚȍȓȤșȒȐȍ ȒȖȕȞȍȘȚȣ Ǫșȍ ȓȦȉȐȓȐ ȦȕȖȠț ȏȈ
șȒȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ Ǩ ȒȘȈșȐȊȈȧ ȕȈȘțȎȕȖșȚȤ șȖȏȌȈ-
ȓȈ ȍȔț ȔȈșșț ȗȖȒȓȖȕȕȐȞ
Ƕ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȖȑ șȐȓȍ ǫȍȕȍȘȖȏȖȊȈ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȣ
ǸȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȊ Ȋ ȋȓțȝȖȔ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȍ ȗȧȚȍȘȣȝ
ȝțȓȐȋȈȕȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈȗȈȓȐ Ȋșȍȝ Ȑȝ ȖȋȓțȠȐȓ țȌȈ-
ȘȖȔ ǷȖȚȖȔ șȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ȓȈȊȒț ȒțȗȐȓ ȊȍȘȍȊȒț Ȑ ȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ
ȗȍȘȍȊȧȏȈȓ ȝțȓȐȋȈȕȈȔ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȊȧȏȈȓ ȊȔȍ-
șȚȍ ǺȈȒ Ȑȝ Ȑ ȕȈȠȓȈ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȧ
ǫȍȕȍȘȖȏȖȊ șȔȍȧȓșȧ
— ȇ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȉțȒȍȚ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȥȚȖȚ ȊșȍȔȐ ȓȦȉȐȔȣȑ ȦȕȖȠȈ Ȑșȟȍȏ ȉȍșșȓȍȌȕȖ ȒȈȒ
Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ Ȑ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ ȏȈȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ
ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓȖ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȊȐȕȖȊȕȖȋȖ
II
— ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ" ȇ ȕȍ ȗȖȎȈȓȍȦ șȖȚȍȕ
Țȣșȧȟ
ȀțȋȈȍȊ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȕȕȖ-ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȔ
ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȊȗȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ DzȚȖ țȏȕȈȓ ȉȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȍȘȈ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȊȖ ȊȓȈșȚȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȒȈȗȐ-
ȚȈȓȈ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȏȈȊȖȌșȒȖȑ ȖȒȘțȋ ș ȌȍșȧȚȒȈȔȐ Țȣșȧȟ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ Ȑ
șȓțȎȈȡȐȝ" Ƕȕ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȒȍȔ ȓȍȉȍȏȐȓȐ Ȑ țȕȐȎȈȓȐșȤ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
șȈȔ ȗȘȖșȐȓ țȔȖȓȧȓ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȚȤ ȘțȒȐ șȊȖȍȔț ȌȖ-
ȔȈȠȕȍȔț ȊȘȈȟț ǽȊȖȘȖșȚȐȕȐȕț ǰ ȒȈȒ ȎȈȓȖȒ ȉȣȓ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȥȚȖȚ
ȉȖȋȈȟ ș ȝțȌȣȔ ȌȘȧȉȓȣȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȔ ȓȐȗȒȐȔ ȗȖȚȖȔ
ș șȍȘȖ-ȏȍȔȓȐșȚȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȑ ȚȍȔȕȣȔȐ ȒȘțȋȈȔȐ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȋȓȈȏ
— ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ȗȖȔȖȋȐȚȍ ǩȖȋȈ ȘȈȌȐ ȇ Ȋșȍ ȋȖȚȖȊ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ
DzȘțȗȕȣȍ șȓȍȏȣ șȒȈȚȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȡȍȒȈȔ ȀțȋȈȍȊȈ
— ǹȚȣȌȐȚȍșȤ — șțȝȖ Ȑ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȊȘȈȟ — ǩțȌȤȚȍ ȔțȎ-
ȟȐȕȖȑ ȇ ȊȈș ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȎȌȈȓ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ ǻ ȊȈș țșȚȈȊȠȍȍ ȖȎȐ-
ȘȍȊȠȍȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ șȓȈȉȣȍ ȓȍȋȒȐȍ ȎȍȓțȌȖȒ ȕȍ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ țȊȍ-
ȓȐȟȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȍȟȍȕȤ șȒȓȍȘȖȏ șȖșțȌȖȊ ǵȖ Ȋșȍ ȉȣ ȥȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȐȟȍ-
ȋȖ ǷȖȟȒȐ ȗȖȟȒȐ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ DzȖ-
ȋȌȈ Ȋȣ ȏȈȉȖȓȍȓȐ ȗȖȓȋȖȌȈ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ©ǰȏȔȍȕȐȚȍ

22
ȊȍșȤ ȖȉȘȈȏ ȎȐȏȕȐ șȚȈȕȤȚȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȉȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ
— Ȑ ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ ȧ ȘțȟȈȦșȤ ȏȈ ȊȈȠȍ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍª Ǫȣ ȗȖ-
ȓțȟȐȓȐ ȋȘȖȏȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȍȘȍȎȍȕȐȍ Ǫȣ ȐșȗțȋȈȓȐșȤ ȚȖȋȌȈ șȚȈ-
ȓȐ ȓȍȟȐȚȤșȧ ȍȏȌȐȓȐ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞț ǪȘȈȟȐ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȊȈș ȕȈ
ȕȖȋȐ Ǫșȍ țȌȐȊȐȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȑ ȏȈȗȈș șȐȓ ȍȡȍ ȝȘȈȕȐȚ-
șȧ Ȋ ȊȈȠȍȔ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔȍ DzȈȒ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȟț-
ȌȖȔ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȈȔ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍ" ǶȗȧȚȤ ȊȐȕȖ Ȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ
ǩȍșșȖȕȕȣȍ ȕȖȟȐ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȥȚȈ șȊȧȏȤ ș ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȑ ȈȊȈȕȚȦ-
ȘȐșȚȒȖȑ
— Ǩȝ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȥȚȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ
— ǪȖȚ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ǬȈȎȍ șȍȑȟȈș ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȕȐ ȟȈșȣ ȊȈȠȐ șȖȟ-
Țȍȕȣ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȏȈȉȣȚȤ Ȗ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȘȈȏȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȧȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ȊȈȔ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍȌȖșȚțȗȕȣ
ǴȐȕțȚȕȖȍ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȊȠȍȍ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȍȘȈ ȗȘȐ
ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȐ Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȞȍ șȔȍȕȐȓȖșȤ
ȗȖȓȕȣȔ țȗȈȌȒȖȔ șȐȓ
ȀțȋȈȍȊ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȧșȤ ȊȍșȤ Ȋ ȗȖȚț ȔȍȚȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖ-
șȚȐȘȈȓ ȝțȌȣȍ ȘțȒȐ Ȓ ȒȖȔț-ȚȖ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȏȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ
ǽȊȖȘȖșȚȐȕȐȕ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ.
— Ǵȣ șȖȏȣȊȈȓȐ țȎȍ ȌȊȈ ȒȖȕșȐȓȐțȔȈ ǰ ȖȉȈ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓȐ
ȟȚȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȖȚșȘȖȟȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȘȖȒȖ-
ȊțȦ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȒț ǫȓȈȊȕȖȍ țșȓȖȊȐȍ ȗȖȒȖȑ Ǩ Ȋȣ ȕȍȘȊȕȐȟȈȍȚȍ
ȊȖȓȕțȍȚȍșȤ
— ǶȚșȘȖȟȒȈ ǴȍȌȓȍȕȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤ Ǩ dzȐȌȈ ȇ ȎȐȚȤ ȝȖȟț
ȓȦȉȐȚȤ ȇ ȕȍ ȗȖȎȈȓȍȦ ȞȍȓȖȋȖ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ«
— ǵȍ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȒțȗȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ǴȍȌȐȞȐȕȈ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ
ȟțȌȍș ǵȖ țȓțȟȠȍȕȐȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ǷȘȖȎȐȊȍȚȍ Ȑ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ Ȑ
ȉȖȓȤȠȍ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ țȚȍȠȍȕȐȍ ǭșȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȧ șȖȋȓȈșȍȕ ȓțȟȠȍ ȕȈ Ȗȗȍ-
ȘȈȞȐȦ ǷțșȚȤ ȧ țȔȘț ȗȖȌ ȕȖȎȖȔ ȕȖ ȍșȚȤ ȊȍȌȤ Ȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ
ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈ ȊȕȖȊȤ șȚȈȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ
— ǶȗȍȘȈȞȐȧ Ȋ ȊȈȠȍȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȈ ǵȍȓȤȏȧ
ȊȣȘȍȏȈȚȤ Ȗȉȍ ȗȖȟȒȐ ǹ ȟȍȔ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚȍșȤ"
ȀțȋȈȍȊ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȍȋȖ ȊȘȈ-
ȟȈ.
— ǬȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ Ȋȣ Ȕȕȍ ȟȍșȚȕȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȕȈȠ Ȗș-
ȚȈȕȍȚșȧ ȚȈȑȕȖȑ"
— ȇ — ȕȍ șȗȓȍȚȕȐȒ

23
— ǯȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȍȑ ȧ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȍȘȈ Ƕȕ ȕȈ-
ȝȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ Ȏȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȧ ǪȘȈȟȐ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘȐ-
ȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȓ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȐȦ ȏȌȖȘȖȊ ǻȏȕȈȊ ȟȍȔ
ȧ ȉȖȓȍȕ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ șȍȒȘȍȚȖȔ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ
șȗȈș ȕȈȠ N-șȒȐȑ ȊȘȈȟ ǴȈȓȍȊșȒȐȑ ǬȍȓȈȓ ȍȔț ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ Ȗȗȍ-
ȘȈȞȐȦ ǰ Ȗȕ ȊȖșȒȘȍș ǶȚȟȍȋȖ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓȐ ǴȈȓȍȊșȒȖȋȖ
ȕȈ ȒȖȕșȐȓȐțȔ"
— Ƕȕ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȍȏȌȐȚ ȕȈ ȌȖȔ ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞȈ Ƕș-
ȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȍȑ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ
— Ǫșȍ Ȏȍ ȧ ȗȖȗȘȖȉțȦ ȍȔț ȕȈȗȐșȈȚȤ ǷȖȔȖȋȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ« ȇ
ȚȈȒ ȖșȓȈȉȍȓ
ǽȊȖȘȖșȚȐȕȐȕ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȀțȋȈȍȊȈ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȖȍ ȌȘȖ-
ȎȈȡȐȔ ȗȖȟȍȘȒȖȔ Ȑ ȕȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȓ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȦ ǴȈ-
ȓȍȊșȒȐȑ ȧȊȐȓșȧ Ƕȕ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȓ ȖșȚȈȚȤșȧ ș ȉȖȓȤȕȣȔ ȕȈȍȌȐȕȍ
Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȧ Ȋ șȗȈȓȤȕȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȟȈșȈ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȋ ȏȈȓț
ǽȊȖȘȖșȚȐȕȐȕ ȎȌȈȓ ȍȋȖ ș ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȍȔ ǴȈȓȍȊșȒȐȑ șȟȐȚȈȓ-
șȧ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȐșȚȖȔ ȗȖ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȔ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȧȔ
— ǵț ȟȚȖ ȒȖȓȓȍȋȈ Ȋȣ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȍȚȍ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ
ȒȖȕșȐȓȐțȔȈ"
— ǵȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ǷȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȍ ǵȖ
ȧ șȟȐȚȈȦ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖȑ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȦ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ș ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȔ
ȘȐșȒȖȔ
— DzȈȒ" ǶȗȍȘȈȞȐȦ" ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȣ Ȗȉȍ ȗȖȟȒȐ"
— Ǩ ȧ ȘȈȏȊȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȟț Ȑȝ ȊȣȘȍȏȈȚȤ"
— ǵȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȟȍȔ Ȏȍ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȧ"
— Ƕȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȧȚȤșȧ ȇ șȟȐ-
ȚȈȦ ȗȘȍȎȌȍȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȖȉȕȈȘȖȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔȖȐ ȕȈțȟ-
ȕȣȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȧ ǸȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȧ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȓ ȀțȋȈȍȊȈ ȟȚȖ ȘȐșȒ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȍȓȐȒ ǵȖ Ȗȕ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ
— Ǫȣ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȦ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȌȖȔț"
— ǵȐ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ Ƕȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȚȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȔȖȦ
ȟȈșȚȕțȦ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȦ Dz șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȦ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȌȖȗțșȚȐȚȤ
ȊȈș Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȈșșȐșȚȍȕȚȈ
©ǬȤȧȊȖȓ — ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȖ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ǽȊȖȘȖșȚȐȕȐȕȈ — Ǩ țȎ
ȧ ȌȖȉȤȦșȤ ȗȘȈȊȌȣ Ȑ țȏȕȈȦ ȒȈȒțȦ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȦ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕțȦ
Ȋ ȔȍȌȐȞȐȕȍ șȖȉȐȘȈȍȠȤșȧ Țȣ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȥȚȖȔț ȗȖȓțȔȍȘȚȊȖȔț
ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȍȘțª

24
III
Ǫ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ țșȈȌȤȉȣ ȏȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ǴȈȓȍȊșȒȖȋȖ șȚȖȧ-
ȓȖ șȘȍȌȐ ȋțșȚȣȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ ȏȌȈȕȐȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȐȌȈ ǶȒȕȈ Ȋșȍ-
ȋȌȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȓȖȚȕȖ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȣȔȐ șȚȈȊȕȧȔȐ
ǵȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ țȟȍȕȣȝ șȖȉȘȈȚȐȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȖȝȊȈșȚȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ DzȘȖȔȍ șȈȔȖȋȖ ǴȈȓȍȊșȒȖȋȖ
ȚȈȔ ȉȣȊȈȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȓțȝȖȕȍȔȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȎ ǪȈșȐȓȐȑ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ
ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȌȖȉȐȚȤșȧ
Ǫ ȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȊȍȏȓȐ șȦȌȈ ȀțȋȈȍȊȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȉțȘ-
ȕȈȧ Ȗșȍȕȕȧȧ ȗȖȋȖȌȈ ǶȉȓȈȒȈ ȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȒȓȖȟȤȧȔȐ ȗȖ ȕȍȉț ȚȖ
ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȚȖ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȓțȕț ȀțȔȍȓȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ țȎȍ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȊ-
ȠȐȍ ȓȐșȚȤȧ ǷȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȊȐșȚȍȓ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȕȈȓȍȚȈȧ ȕȈ ȚȈȐȕ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȏȌȈȕȐȍ
ǰ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȒȚȖ-ȓȐȉȖ șȓȍȌȐȓ Ȋ ȥȚț șȚȘȈȠȕțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȏȈ șȈ-
ȌȖȔ ǴȈȓȍȊșȒȖȋȖ ȚȖ Ȋ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȚțȟȐ ȗȘȖȉȐȓșȧ
ȓțȕȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȉȣ ȚȐȝȖ ȒȘȈȌțȡțȦșȧ ȔȍȎȌț ȌȍȘȍ-
ȊȤȧȔȐ ȚȍȕȤ
Ǫ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȗȖȌ ȒțȗȖȓȖȔ șȚȖȧȓȖ ȌȊȈ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȖȕ-
ȕȣȝ șȚȖȓȈ ǵȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȓȍȎȈȓȖ ȝțȌȖȍ ȌȘȧȉȓȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȔȐȓȓȐȖ-
ȕȍȘȈ ȀțȋȈȍȊȈ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȔ — ȞȊȍȚțȡȍȍ ȘȖȏȖȊȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-
ȚȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ǶȉȈ ȗȈȞȐȍȕȚȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȉȍșșȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ,
ȕȖ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȝȓȖȘȖȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈȕȣ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȈȝ Ȑȝ
ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȈșȖȒ
ǶȗȍȘȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȍ șȚȖȓȣ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓȐșȤ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔȐ ȘȍȜȓȍȒȚȖ-
ȘȈȔȐ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȓȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖȚȖȒȐ șȐȕȍȊȈȚȖȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ ǺȐȠȐȕț
ȕȈȘțȠȈȓȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȎțȎȎȈȕȐȍ ȐșȝȖȌȐȊȠȍȍ ȖȚ ȖșȊȍȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ
ȗȘȐȉȖȘȖȊ
ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ǴȈȓȍȊșȒȐȑ ȊȍșȤ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȔ ȖȗȍȘȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȀțȋȈȍȊȈ
ǪȖȚ Ȗȕ ȏȈȗțșȚȐȓ ȘțȒț Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȌȊțȝ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȝ ȘȈȏȘȍȏȖȊ ȕȈȌ
ȗȖȧșȕȐȞȍȑ Ȋȣȕțȓ ȖȎȐȘȍȊȠțȦ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȊȠțȦ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ
ȊȐȌ ȗȖȟȒț Ȑ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȚȈȏȐȒ ȋȌȍ țȎȍ Ȋ ȒȘȖȊȐ
ȓȍȎȈȓ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȖȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȖȘȋȈȕ
ǪȣșȖȒȈȧ ȉȍȓȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȕȍșȓȣȠȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȌȊȐȕțȓȈșȤ ȒȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȔț ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȔț șȚȖȓț dzȐȞȖ ǴȈȓȍȊ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȐșȒȈȏȐȓȈ șȈȚȈȕȐȕșȒȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ

25
ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ șȓȖȊȈ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȌȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȊȖȌȈȝ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ
— ǵȍșȟȈșȚȕȈȧ ȎȍȘȚȊȈ Ǫșȍ ȐșȗȣȚȈȊȠȐȑ ȘȈȏȊȘȈȚȕȣȑ ȒȈ-
ȗȐȚȈȓȐșȚ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȕȍȚ Ȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȚȤșȧ ȊșȍȔ ȟȚȖ
ȔȖȎȕȖ ȒțȗȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ǩ Țȣ ȍȡȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȟȈȊȠȐȑ ȎȐȚȤ
ȗȖȋȐȉȕȍȠȤ Ȋ ȘȈșȞȊȍȚȍ șȐȓ ǸȖȔțȈȓȤȌ ǴȈȓȍȊșȒȐȑ — ȊȓȈȌȣ-
ȒȈ ȕȈȌ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ
Ƕȕ ȏȈȕȍș ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȑ ȕȖȎ Ȑ ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ țȗȘțȋȖȍ ȘȖ-
ȏȖȊȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ DzȘȖȊȤ ȗȖȓȐȓȈșȤ ȘțȟȤȍȔ Ȑ ȖȉȘȣȏȋȈȓȈ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȝȈȓȈȚ
ȊȘȈȟȈ-ȌȤȧȊȖȓȈ
ǵȖ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ șȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȚȘȍșȒ Ȑ ș Ȋȣ-
șȖȚȣ ȒțȗȖȓȈ ȗȖșȣȗȈȓȐșȤ șȚȍȒȓȈ ǫȘȧȕțȓ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓ ȌȘțȋȖȑ
ǶȒȖȓȖ șȈȌȈ ȏȈȚȘȍȡȈȓȐ ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒȐȍ șȊȐșȚȒȐ
ǪȕțȚȘȤ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȍ ȕȈ ȉȓȖȒȈȝ
șȓțȎȐȊȠȍȑ Ȍȓȧ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȐșȗȖșȖȉȓȍȕȐȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȗțșȚȐȓ-
șȧ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȐȑ ȊȘȈȟ ȀțȋȈȍȊȈ ǽȊȖȘȖșȚȐȕȐȕ Ȑ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȏȈ Șț-
Ȓț ǴȈȓȍȊșȒȖȋȖ
ǬȊȍȘȐ ȋȘȖȔȐȓ ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒȐȑ ȖȚȘȧȌ
ǴȈȓȍȊșȒȐȑ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ȏȔȍȧ ǫȓțȝȖȕȍȔȖȑ ȐȌȐȖȚ ȉȐȓ
ǽȊȖȘȖșȚȐȕȐȕȈ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔ ȗȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ǴȈȓȍȊ-
șȒȖȔț țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȊȣȘȊȈȚȤșȧ Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȓ Ȓ șȚȍȕȍ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ
ȘȣȟȈȋ ǹȐȕȐȑ șȊȍȚ ȗȖȋȈș ǷȖ ȌȐȒȖȊȐȕȕȣȔ ȖșȊȍȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ
ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈȔ șȊȍȘȒȕțȓȐ ȔȖȓȕȐȐ Ǫ șȖșȍȌȕȍȔ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȐ ȘȈȏ-
ȌȈȓȐșȤ ȖȌȐȕ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȊȏȘȣȊȣ
ǷȖȓȐȞȐȧ ȊȖȘȊȈȓȈșȤ
ǴȈȓȍȊșȒȐȑ ȉȣȓ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȕ ǶȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ ȓȍȎȈȡȐȝ ȕȈ Ȗȗȍ-
ȘȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȔ șȚȖȓȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ǫȍȕȍȘȖȏȖȊ ǸȈȕȈ ȕȈȕȍșȍȕȕȈȧ ȍȔț
ǴȈȓȍȊșȒȐȔ ȕȍ țȋȘȖȎȈȓȈ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǴȐȓȓȐȖȕȍȘ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȊȣȘȍȏȈȕȣ Ȗȉȍ ȗȖȟȒȐ țȔȍȘ Ȋ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȝ ȔțȟȍȕȐȧȝ ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȖȊ
_____
ǵȈ ȌȖȗȘȖșȍ ǴȈȓȍȊșȒȐȑ Ȋȍȓ șȍȉȧ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ Ȑ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ
Ȋșȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȟȐȚȈȓ ȓȍȒȞȐȦ șȚțȌȍȕȚȈȔ
— ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȖȑȌțșȤ ȉȍȏ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȊ Ȑ șțȔȍȦ țȌȖȊȓȍȚ-
ȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȊȈȠȍ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖ ȇ ȊȍȌȤ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȕțȎȕȖ ȊȈȔ
ȎȈȓȒȐȔ ȚȘțșȈȔ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȇ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ șȗȖșȖȉ ȗȍȘȍșȈȎȐȊȈȚȤ ȖȘ-

ȋȈȕȣ Ȑȏ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔȈ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȍ-
ȠȈȓȐ ȀțȋȈȍȊ ȉȣȓ ȉȣ ȎȐȊ Ȑ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓșȧ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍȔ Ȉ ȚȘțȗ
ǫȍȕȍȘȖȏȖȊȈ ȧ șȎȍȋ ȉȣ Ȋ ȒȘȍȔȈȚȖȘȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ț Ȕȍȕȧ țșȚ-
ȘȖȍȕ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȇ ȏȈȘȍȏȈȓ Ȋșȍȝ ȐșȟȍȏȕțȊȠȐȝ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ
ȓȦȌȍȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȑȝ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȔȐ ȖȘȋȈȕȈȔȐ ȖȉȕȖȊȐȚȤ Ȑ ȊȖșȒȘȍ-
șȐȚȤ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȉȖȋȈȟȍȑ
ǶȕȐ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȦȚșȧ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ǰȔȍȕ Ȑȝ ȧ ȕȍ ȕȈȏȖȊț ǶȕȐ
șȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦȚ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȞȍȕȖȑ ȧ Ȑȝ șȗȈș ǶȕȐ ȎȐȊțȚ ș ȟțȎȐȔȐ
ȗȖȟȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȧ Ȑȝ ȊȣȓȍȟȐȓ ǯȈ ȥȚȐ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȐ ȧ ȉȘȈȓ
ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȇ șȈȔ ȚȖȎȍ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȍȘ ǹȐȕȐȑ șȊȍȚ ȚȖȎȍ
ȔȖȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȍ Ƕȕ șȗȖșȖȉșȚȊțȍȚ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȔț ȏȈ-
ȎȐȊȓȍȕȐȦ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȚ șȖșțȌȣ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȖȒȐ Ǫȣ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ
ȕȍ țȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȔȖȍȑ ȚȈȑȕȣ — ȊȏȘȣȊ ȐșȚȘȍȉȐȓ Ȋșȍ ǿȚȖ Ȕȕȍ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȍȡȍ" ǿȚȖ Ȋȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖșțȌȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȋȖȚȖȊȣ ȘȈșȚȍȘ-
ȏȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ șȟȐȚȈȍȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ ȕȍșȓȣȝȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȏȓȖȌȍȧ"
ǮȈȓȒȐȍ șȓȐȏȕȧȒȐ ȒȖȗȖȠȈȡȐȍșȧ Ȋ ȕȈȊȖȏȍ ȟȍȘȊȐ ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȋȣ
Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȎȐȏȕȤ" ǷȘȖȡȈȑȚȍ ȌȖȉȘȖȌȍȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ Ȕȍ-
ȡȈȕȍ ǩțȌȤȚȍ Ȋȣ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣ
ǴȈȓȍȊșȒȐȑ ȗȖȌȕȍș ȘțȒț ȒȖ ȘȚț ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȓ Ȑ ȟȍ-
Șȍȏ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ Șțȝȕțȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ ȉȍȏȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȔȈșșȖȑ

27
ǾǼǸǼǰǮȍ ǿȀǾǮǿȀȊ
I
Ǫ ȌȖȔȍ Ȓȕȧȏȧ DzȖȘȐȉțȚ-ǶȓȤȠȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȌȧȌȐ Ȑȏ ǨȊ-
șȚȘȈȓȐȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȖȝ
ǬȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȕȧȏȤ ȉȣȓ ȍȡȍ șȖȊșȍȔ
ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȧȌȧ ȘȈȏȖȘȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȗȘȐȧȚȐȧȝ țȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ǨȔȍȘȐȒț ȐșȒȈȚȤ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ǫȖȌȈ ȌȊȈ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ
ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȗȐșȤȔȈ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȗȕ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓ Ȑ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȐ Ȍț-
ȔȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ țȔȍȘ
ǪȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȗȐșȤȔȍ
©ǬȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȗȓȍȔȧȕȕȐȒ ǨȊșȚȘȈȓȐȧ ȌȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȌȈ-
ȓȈ ȕȐ ȘȖȌȐȕȈ ȕȐ ǹȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȀȚȈȚȣ ȧ ȕȈȎȐȓ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȔȐȓ-
ȓȐȖȕȈ ȜțȕȚȖȊ șȚȍȘȓȐȕȋȖȊ ǿțȊșȚȊțȧ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍȌȖȓ-
ȋȖ ȎȐȚȤ ȧ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓ Ȋșȍ șȊȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ Ȋ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȏȍ-
ȓȈȦ ȗȘȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ șȚȈȘȠȍȔț Ȋ ȘȖȌȍ Ȓȕȧȏȍȑ DzȖȘȐȉțȚ-
ǶȓȤȠȈȕșȒȐȝ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ Țȍȉȍ ǹ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ
ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȈ Ȑ ȔȖȍȑ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȑ ȜȍȘȔȣ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ ȖȒȖȕȟț ȌȕȐ
șȊȖȐ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔ țșȓȖȊȐȍȔ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȐȧ ȕȈșȓȍȌș-
ȊȈ ȧ șȚȈȊȓȦ ȚȊȖȑ ȗȘȐȍȏȌ ș ȎȍȕȖȑ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȎȍȕȐȓșȧ
ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ǨȊșȚȘȈȓȐȦ ǽȖȟț ȊȈș ȖȉȖȐȝ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ Ȑ ȖȉȕȧȚȤ ǰȏ-
ȊȍșȚȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȗ ȊȈȠȍȔ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȐ ȒȈȉȓȖȋȘȈȔȔȖȑ ǵȈ Ȋșȍ ȘȈș-
ȝȖȌȣ ȗȘȐȓȈȋȈȦ ȟȍȒ Ȋ 10,000 ȜțȕȚȖȊ
dzȦȉȧȡȐȑ Țȍȉȧ ȌȧȌȧ ǼȘȈȕȞȐșȒª.
ǵȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖȍ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȐȍ ȕȈșȓȍȌșȚȊȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȖ-
ȓȍȍ ȒșȚȈȚȐ ǬȍȓȈ Ȓȕȧȏȧ DzȖȘȐȉțȚ-ǶȓȤȠȈȕșȒȖȋȖ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȠȈȚ-
ȕțȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȔț ȘȖȌȖȊȖȔț ȐȔȍȕȐȦ ©ǶȓȤȠȈȕȒȍª ȋȘȖ-
ȏȐȓȈ ȗȘȖȌȈȎȈ ș ȈțȒȞȐȖȕȈ
ǵȖ, ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ, ȗȖȍȏȌȒȈ Ȋ ǨȊșȚȘȈȓȐȦ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊ-
ȓȧȓȈ ȕȍȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȐȔȣȍ ȏȈȚȘțȌȕȍȕȐȧ DzȕȧȏȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȗȘȈ-
ȊȐȓșȧ ȖȚ ȖȗȈșȕȖȑ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ ȉȣȓ ȍȡȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȓȈȉ ȖȗȈșȈȓȐșȤ

28
ȟȚȖ ȘȈȏȖȊȤȍȚșȧ ȗȖȘȖȒ șȍȘȌȞȈ ǹȚȖȓȤ ȌȈȓȤȕȐȑ ȗȍȘȍȍȏȌ ȗȖ ȖȒȍȈ-
ȕț ȒȖȕșȐȓȐțȔ ȊȘȈȟȍȑ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓ ȉȍȏțșȓȖȊȕȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ Ȑ
țȋȘȖȎȈȦȡȐȔ ȘȖȒȖȊȣȔȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȧȔȐ
ǶȉȖ ȊșȍȔ ȥȚȖȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȓȐ ȌȧȌȦ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȈȉȓȖ-
ȋȘȈȔȔȖȑ șȚȖȐȊȠȍȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ Ȍȍȕȍȋ
ǵȖ țȗȖȘȕȣȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
©Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ, ȗțșȚȤ ȗȘȐȍȌȍȚ ȚȊȖȧ ȎȍȕȈ ǰȕȈȟȍ ȓȐȠț
ȕȈșȓȍȌșȚȊȈª
DzȕȧȏȤ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȕȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȧ șȓȈȊȐȊ-
ȠȈȧșȧ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȖȑ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȖ ȕȈșȚȈȐȊȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚ-
ȊȐȐ ǭȍ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȈȓȐ ȘȖȌȕȣȍ Ȑ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ
— ǶȒȍȈȕșȒȐȍ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȣ — ȊȍȘȝ ȒȖȔȜȖȘȚȈ Ȑ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȐȑ ȗȖ-
ȟȚȐ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ șȓțȟȈȍȚșȧ DzȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜȣ ȕȈ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȝ ȌȖȘȖ-
ȋȈȝ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȟȈȡȍ ǹ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȍȑ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȍȝȈȚȤ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ Ȑȏ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ ǵȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣ Ȍȓȧ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ
ȗȖȎȐȓȈȧ ȌȈȔȈ Ȑ ȖȗȣȚȕȣȑ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȣȑ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ
ȗȖȍȌȍȚ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȈȧ ȗȘȐșȓțȋȈ DzȕȧȋȐȕȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚ ȒȈȒ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȗȓȣȊȍȚȍ ȖȒȍȈȕ
ǹ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȍȔ ȒȕȧȏȤ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ
Ȑ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȧ șȖ șȊȐȚȖȑ țȍȝȈȓȈ
DzȈȉȓȖȋȘȈȔȔȈ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȓȈ Ȗ ȍȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖȔ ȗȘȐȉȣȚȐȐ
Ȋ ǨȊșȚȘȈȓȐȦ ǷȘȐȠȓȖ ȌȊȈ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȖȚ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȐ Ȑ ȌȧȌȐ Ȑ ȕȈ-
ȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȖȊȖȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȍ ȗȖ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȔț ȒȈȉȍȓȦ Ȗ Ȍȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȚ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȢȍȏȌȈ.
ǯȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȧ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȐ ȓȖȕȌȖȕșȒȐȑ ȉȈȕȒ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȓ
Ȓȕȧȏȧ Ȗ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȍ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȐȔȧ Ȑȏ ǨȊșȚȘȈȓȐȐ 893.000 ȜțȕȚȖȊ
șȚȍȘȓȐȕȋȖȊ
ǹȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȐȧ ȕȈșȓȍȌșȚȊȈ Ȋșȍ
ȖȉșȚȖȧȓȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖ Ȑ ȒȕȧȎȍșȒȐȑ ȘȖȌ DzȖȘȐȉțȚ-ǶȓȤȠȈȕ-
șȒȐȝ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȏȈșȐȧȓ Ȋ ȉȓȍșȒȍ Ȑ șȓȈȊȍ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȧ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ
ȗȘȐȉȣȚȤ Ȋ ǭȊȘȖȗț ǵȖ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȣ Ȑȏ ǨȕȋȓȐȐ ȒȕȧȏȤ ȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȓțȟȐȓ
ǵȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ ȖȕȈ Ȑ ȕȈ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ Ȑ ȕȈ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ǫ șȚȘȈȠ-
ȕȖȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȍ ȒȕȧȏȤ ȏȈȗȘȖșȐȓ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȕțȦ ȒȖȕȚȖȘț ǶȚȊȍȚȐ-
ȓȐ ȋȓțȝȖ: «“ǺȘȈȜȈȓȤȋȈȘ”ª ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȉȣȓª
ǷȖȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȌȕȐ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȧ DzȕȧȏȤ ȗȖȍȝȈȓ
Ȋ ǨȕȋȓȐȦ Ȑ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ ȓȐȟȕȖ șȗȘȈȊȓȧȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȕȖȑ ȒȖȕ-

29
ȚȖȘȍ ǪȣșȖȒȐȑ ȊȣȉȘȐȚȣȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ș șțȝȐȔ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȔ
ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȓȐȞȈ, ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ
— ǵȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȑ Ȗ ©ǺȘȈȜȈȓȤȋȈȘȍª Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȔ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȔȍșȧȞ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȚȍȔ Ȏȍ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
șȖȖȉȡȐȓ țȉȐȑșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȍ:
— ©ǺȘȈȜȈȓȤȋȈȘª ȊȣȟȍȘȒȕțȚ Ȑȏ șȗȐșȒȖȊ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȖȊ,
ȒȈȒ ȗȖȋȐȉȠȐȑ
DzȕȧȏȤ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȍ șȖȠȍȓ ș țȔȈ Ȑ ȌȊȈ ȘȈȏȈ ȗȖȒțȠȈȓșȧ ȕȈ șȈ-
ȔȖțȉȐȑșȚȊȖ ǭȋȖ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ șȗȈșȓȐ ȕȖ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȗȕ Ȋ ǶȓȤ-
ȠȈȕȒț șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȣȑ Ȑ șȘȈȏț ȗȖșȍȌȍȊȠȐȑ
ǹȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȖȚȢȍȏȌȈ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȐ ǪȈȕȌȣ Ȑȏ ǨȊșȚȘȈȓȐȐ Ȋ ǭȊ-
ȘȖȗț Ƞȍȓ țȎȍ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȔȍșȧȞ ǵȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȕȈ șȓțȟȈȑ-
ȕȖȍ șȗȈșȍȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȕȖ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȊȍȟȍȘ Ȋ ǶȓȤȠȈȕȒț
ȗȘȐșȒȈȒȈȓ ȔȓȈȌȠȐȑ ȉȘȈȚ Ȓȕȧȏȧ ǪȣșȒȖȟȐȊ Ȑȏ ȒȖȓȧșȒȐ Ȗȕ
ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȚȍȘȘȈșȍ ȋȌȍ șȚȖȧȓ șȈȔ ȒȕȧȏȤ Ȑ, ȘȈȏȔȈȝȐȊȈȧ ȋȈ-
ȏȍȚȖȑ, ȒȘȐȟȈȓ
— ǪȓȈȌȐșȓȈȊ! ǪȓȈȌȐșȓȈȊ ǪȈȕȌȈ ȎȐȊȈ
DzȕȧȏȤ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȘțȒȐ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑ Șțȝȕțȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ ǵȖ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ
ȘȍȌȒȖ țȉȐȊȈȍȚ Ȑ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȖȟȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȟȍȓ ȒȖȘȘȍșȗȖȕ-
ȌȍȕȞȐȦ Ȋ ȋȈȏȍȚȍ
©ǰȏ DzȖȓȖȔȉȖ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐȘțȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕșȒȐȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ
“ȅȚȘțȘȐȧ” ȗȖȗȈȊ Ȋ ȞȐȒȓȖȕ Ȋ ȦȎȕȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ǺȐȝȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ,
șȉȐȓșȧ ș ȒțȘșȈ Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȚȍȘȗȍȓ ȈȊȈȘȐȦ ț șȒȈȓȐșȚȣȝ ȖșȚ-
ȘȖȊȖȊ ǹ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȔȍȟȍȕȣ ȗȖȌȈȊȈȍȔȣȍ ȒȍȔ-ȚȖ
șȐȋȕȈȓȣ DzȖȋȌȈ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓȖșȤ, ȉȣȓȈ ȖȚ-
ȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȈ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȠȓȦȗȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȈ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚ ȌȊțȝ
ȗȖȚȍȘȗȍȊȠȐȝ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȒȘțȠȍȕȐȍ ȔȖȓȖȌțȦ ȌȈȔț Ȑ ȗȖȎȐȓȖ-
ȋȖ ȔțȎȟȐȕț ǶȉȈ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȈȔȐ ș ȗȖȋȐȉȠȍȋȖ ȗȈ-
ȘȖȝȖȌȈ “ǺȘȈȜȈȓȤȋȈȘ” ǺȘțȌȕȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȏȓȖșȟȈșȚ-
ȕȖȍ șțȌȕȖ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȚȕȍșȍȕȖ Ȋ ǺȐȝȐȑ ȖȒȍȈȕ ȕȖ șȗȈșȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȘțȓȤ Ȑ
șȊȍȘȝ ȚȖȋȖ șȓȖȔȈȓșȧ ȋȘȍȉȕȖȑ ȊȈȓ “ǺȘȈȜȈȓȤȋȈȘ” ȕȖșȐȓȖ ȉȖȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȗȖ ȊȖȓȍ ȊȍȚȘȈ Ȑ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȑ ȗȖȒȈ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȕȈ-
Ƞȍȓ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ ȖȒȖȓȖ șȒȈȓȐșȚȣȝ ȖșȚȘȖȊȖȊ ǹȗȈșȓȖșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȊȖȍ.
ǵȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȍ ȗȐȚȈȓȐșȤ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȌȖȉȣȊȈȍȔȖȑ ȘȣȉȖȑ ȘȈȒȈȔȐ
Ȑ țșȚȘȐȞȈȔȐ ǪȣȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȧȡȐȒ ș ȒȖȕșȍȘȊȈȔȐ
șȗȈș ȐȔ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȗȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȚȘȐ Ȍȕȧ ȖȕȐ ȋȖȓȖȌȈȓȐ Ǫ Ȗȉ-

30
ȡȍȔ ȖȉȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣª
ǪȚȖȘȈȧ ȒȖȘȘȍșȗȖȕȌȍȕȞȐȧ ȋȓȈșȐȓȈ
©ǹȗȈșȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȣ “ǺȘȈȜȈȓȤȋȈȘȈ” ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȓȤ-
șȒȖȑ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȍȑ ǪȈȕȌȖȑ DzȖȘȐȉțȚ-ǶȓȤȠȈȕșȒȖȑ Ȑ ȍȍ șȓțȋȖȦ
ȇȕȖȔª
Ǫ Țț Ȏȍ ȕȖȟȤ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȈ Ȑ ȖȚ șȈȔȖȑ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȐ
ǶȉȈ ȉȘȈȚȈ ȗȖȍȝȈȓȐ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț Ȑ șȚȈȓȐ ȖȎȐȌȈȚȤ ȌȖȉȘȖ-
ȊȖȓȤȞȈ* ©DzȐȍȊª Ȋ ǷȖȘȚ-ǹȈȐȌȍ
DzȕȧȏȤ Ȑ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȧ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖ ȏȈȎȐȓȐ Ȋ ǶȓȤȠȈȕȒȍ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ
ȏȈȉȣȚȤ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȍ
II
DzȕȧȏȤ ȉȣȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȖȊȖȓȍȕ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍȔ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȧ șȊȖȍȑ
Ȏȍȕȣ ǪȈȕȌȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȏȈȞȊȍȓȈ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȒȘȈșȖ-
ȚȖȑ Dz ȕȍȑ ȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȑ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȑ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ Ȑ șȗȖșȖȉ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ ȞȍȓȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ
Ǫ ǶȓȤȠȈȕșȒȖȔ ȌȊȖȘȞȍ ȠȓȐ ȐȋȘȣ ȉȈȓȣ ȏȈȚȍȊȈȓȐșȤ ȗȐȒ-
ȕȐȒȐ ȗȖȍȏȌȒȐ ȗȖ ǪȖȓȋȍ ȕȈ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȍ ǵȖȟȕțȦ
ȚȍȔȕȖȚț ȖȏȈȘȧȓȐ șȖȚȕȐ Ȗȋȕȍȑ Ȑ ȕȍȉȖ ȉȖȘȖȏȌȐȓȐ ȘȈȒȍȚȣ ȘȈș-
șȣȗȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȘȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȔȐ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȔȐ ǴțȏȣȒȈ ȋȘȍȔȍȓȈ ȟȈș-
ȚȖ ȌȖ țȚȘȈ
ǵȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȚȖȋȖ ȔȍȌȖȊȖȋȖ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȒȕȧȏȤ șȚȈȓ
ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȤ Ȋ ǪȈȕȌȍ ȕȍȖȉȢȧșȕȐȔȣȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȖșȚȐ ǩȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȊȐ-
ȌȐȔȖȑ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ ȖȕȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȗȈȌȈȓȈ Ȋ ȏȈȌțȔ-
ȟȐȊȖșȚȤ dzȐȞȖ ȍȍ ȚȖ ȉȓȍȌȕȍȓȖ ȚȖ ȒȘȈșȕȍȓȖ ȊȖȓȕțȦȡȈȧșȧ
ȋȘțȌȤ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈ ȕȈ țșȐȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ
ǶȕȈ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȖȚȖȋȕȈȚȤ ȖȚ șȍȉȧ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȧ-
ȡțȦ ȍȍ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ șȚȈȘȈȕȐȧ
* Ɍ ɟ ɩɚɪɨɯɨɞ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ  ɝ ɧɚ ɩɨɠɟɪɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ
Ⱦɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɥɨɬɚ

31
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȒȕȧȏȤ ȗȖȌȖȑȌȧ Ȓ șȗțȡȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȖȘȚȤȍȘȈȔ Ȋ ȌȊȍ-
Șȧȝ ȉțȌțȈȘȈ țȊȐȌȍȓ șȒȊȖȏȤ țȏȒțȦ ȡȍȓȤ ȓȐȞȖ Ȏȍȕȣ ȏȈșȚȣȊ-
Ƞȍȑ Ȋ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖȑ ȗȖȏȍ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȍȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȚțȗȖ țșȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȣ
ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȊȌȈȓȤ ȋțȉȣ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȐșȤ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȧ ȕȍșȓȣȠȕȣȍ șȓȖ-
ȊȈ ǸȍȊȕȐȊȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȔțȎȍȑ ȊȖȗȘȍȒȐ ȌȖȊȖȌȈȔ ȘȈșșțȌȒȈ Ȋșȧ-
ȒȖȍ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȕȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ Ȏȍȕȣ ȋȖȚȖȊȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȊ-
Ƞȍȑșȧ ȐȓȐ ȋȖȚȖȊȧȡȍȑșȧ ȐȏȔȍȕȖȑ
— ǶȕȈ ȠȍȗȟȍȚ ȟȤȍ-ȚȖ ȐȔȧ
ǴȣșȓȤ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȈȊȠȈȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ
țȌȍȘȎȈ Ȑ ȗȖȌȉȐȘȈȍȚ Țȣșȧȟț ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊ Ȋșȍ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ țȝȖȌȧ
Ȋ ȌȍȉȘȐ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȐȑ
ǼȈȒȚȖȊ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ ȒȕȧȏȤ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ-
șȚȖȘȖȎȍ Ȑ șȓȍȌȐȚȤ ǹȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȒȓȖȕ-
ȕȐȒȈȔȐ ǩȈȕȌȈ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ șȍȉȧ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȖ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖ ȌȖȗțșȒȈȧ
ȓȍȋȒȐȑ ȜȓȐȘȚ ȒȈȒ ȊșȧȒȈȧ șȊȍȚșȒȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ
«ǭșȚȤ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȚȈȑȕȣȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ǴțȎ Ȋșȍ-
ȋȌȈ țȏȕȈȍȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔ».
ǪȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȧșȤ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȋȌȍ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ Ȟȍȓȣȑ
ȌȍȕȤ ȒȕȧȏȤ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȌȍȊȈȧșȤ șȗȘȖșȐȓ șȓțȋț
— ǫȌȍ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȧ"
— ǿȈșȈ ȌȊȈ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ țȍȝȈȓȐ Ȋ ȒȈȉȘȐȖȓȍȚȍ
—ǹȒȍȔ"
— ǶȌȕȐ ǹȈȔȐ ȗȘȈȊȧȚ
— Ǫ ȒȈȒțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȗȖȍȝȈȓȈ"
— ǷȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ Ȓ ǪȐșȓȍ
DzȕȧȏȤ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȗȍȠȒȖȔ Ȋ țȒȈȏȈȕȕȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ǭȔț
ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȍȘșȚ ǪȖȚ ȉȓȍșȕțȓȈ ȊȌȈȓȐ Ȑ
ȘȍȒȈ ǪȈȕȌȣ ȕȐȋȌȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ
ǪȌȘțȋ Ȗȕ țșȓȣȠȈȓ șȗȘȈȊȈ ȜȣȘȒȈȕȤȍ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ ǷȖ țȏȒȖȑ
ȍȌȊȈ ȗȘȖȓȖȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȓȍșȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȎȒȍ ȒȈȟȈȧșȤ ȒȈȒ ȓȖȌȒȈ ȗȖ
ȊȖȓȕȈȔ ȠȈȋȖȔ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȒȈȉȘȐȖȓȍȚ
«DzțȌȈ ȥȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȍȏȌȐȓȈ" ǺȈȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȖȘȖȎ ȎȐȊȍȚ Ǩ ȗȖ-
ȕȐȔȈȦ ǺȈȑȕȖȍ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȍ Ȋ ȓȍșț».
ǪȈȕȌȈ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ țȊȐȌȍȊ ȔțȎȈ
— DzȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȔȐȓȖ ș ȚȊȖȍȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍ-
ȟț ȇ ȉȍȏ Țȍȉȧ șȖșȒțȟȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȗȖȍȝȈȓȈ ȗȘȖȒȈȚȐȚȤșȧ
— ǵȖ ȏȈȟȍȔ Ȏȍ Țȣ ȍȏȌȐȓȈ ȗȖ ȓȍșȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȎȒȍ"

32
— ȇ ȚȈȒ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȓȍș ǯȈȍȏȎȈȓȈ Ȓ ȕȈȠȍȔț șȚȖȘȖȎț ȇȕț Ƕȕ
Ȕȍȕȧ țȋȖȡȈȓ ȒȓțȉȕȐȒȖȑ Ȑ ȔȍȌȖȔ Ǫșȍ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȕȍȓȦȌȐ-
Ȕȣȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ
©ǵȍ ȊȍȘȤ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȤ! — ȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȕȖ ǪȈȕȌȈ
ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȒ ȖȉȖȓȤșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȔȐȓȈ ȚȈȒ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȖ ȏȈșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓȈ
Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȝȖȚȧ ȊȍȘȐȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȘȈȏȔȧȋȟȈȓȈșȤ ȌțȠȈ ȏȈ-
șȚȣȊȠȈȧ Ȋ țȎȈșȕȣȝ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȧȝ.
ǹȚȖȘȖȎ ȇȕ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȚ șȈȔȣȑ șȓțȋȈ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȕȈ-
Ƞȍȓ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȦ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ©ȅȚȘțȘȐȧª
ǪȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ǶȓȤȠȈȕȒț Ȗȕ ȡȍȌȘȖ ȕȈȋȘȈȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ Ȓȕȧ-
ȏȍȔ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȖȚ șȓțȎȉȣ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȞȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ
ȓȍșȕȣȔ șȚȖȘȖȎȍȔ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ǪȐșȓȣ
— ǿȚȖ Țȍȉȍ ȏȈ ȖȝȖȚȈ" ǯȐȔȖȑ ș ȚȖșȒȐ țȔȘȍȠȤ
ǵȖ ȇȕ ȕȈșȚȈȐȊȈȓ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ȌȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȕȈ ȖșȚ-
ȘȖȊȍ ȘȈȏȊȐȓȈ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȓ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊț Ȑ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȗȕ șȓȖȊ-
ȕȖ ȉȖȐȚșȧ
— ǬȈ Ȑ șȚȈȘȖșȚȤ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ ȗȈȕ ǪȓȈȌȐșȓȈȊ — ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȖȌ-
ȕȖȔț ȕȈȌȖ ȗȖȉȣȚȤ Ȗ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȗȖȌțȔȈȚȤ
ǮȍȓȈȕȐȍ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȊȍȘȕȖȋȖ șȓțȋȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ țȌȖȊȓȍȚ-
ȊȖȘȍȕȖ
Ǫ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ǪȈȕȌȈ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȗȖȊȐȌȈȚȤșȧ șȖ șȚȈȘȐȒȖȔ ȕȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ Ƕȕ ȍȍ ȊȣȕȖșȐȓ ȔȈȓȦȚȒȖȑ
ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȕȧȕȤȒȐ Ȑ ȊșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ șȓțȎȐȓ ȒȈȒ ȞȍȗȕȈȧ șȖȉȈȒȈ
șȊȖȍȑ ȋȖșȗȖȎȍ
DzȕȧȏȤ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ ȕȖ ț ǪȈȕȌȣ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȈȟȈȓȐșȤ
ȗȘȐȗȈȌȒȐ ȔȍȓȈȕȝȖȓȐȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȔțȎȈ ȊȖȏȖȉȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ
Ƕȕ țȕȐȏȐȓșȧ ȌȖ ȠȗȐȖȕșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȐȏȉȘȈȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȌȖȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȔ
șȓțȋț ǹȚȈșȧ ǹȈȔ Ȏȍ șȚȈȓ ȟȈȡȍ țȍȏȎȈȚȤ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ
DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȘȈȏ ǹȚȈșȤ ȌȖȕȖșȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȧ ȍȏȌȐȓȈ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȖȚ-
șțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȖȌȕȈ Ȋ ȓȍș ȒțȌȈ ȏȈ ȕȍȑ ȗȘȖȕȐȒ Ȑ ǹȚȈșȤ ȇȕ ȗȘȐȊȧ-
ȏȣȊȈȓ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ Ȑ ȖȉȈ țȌȈȓȧȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȎȒț ȋȌȍ ȏȈȗȍȘȠȐșȤ
ș ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȖȒȕȈȔȐ ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȒȐ ȚȖȎȍ ȉȣȓȐ șȗțȡȍȕȣ
 ȗȘȖ-
ȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȟȈșȈ ȗȖȓȚȖȘȈ ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȧ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȗȘȖ-
ȊȖȎȈȍȔȈȧ ȇȕȖȔ, Ȑ șȈȌȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȒȈȉȘȐȖȓȍȚ
— ǰ ȗȈȕȐ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȍșȍȓȖȑ — ȌȖȉȈȊȓȧȓ ǹȚȈșȤ
ș ȋȈȌȍȕȤȒȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ Țȣ ȖȉȖ ȊșȍȔ ȥȚȖȔ ȌțȔȈȍȠȤ"
— ǸȈȏȊȍ ȧ ȔȖȋț șțȌȐȚȤ ȗȈȕșȒȐȍ ȌȍȓȈ" ǷȈȕȐ ȍȏȌȐȚ Ȓ ȇȕț

33
— ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȚȈȒ ȕțȎȕȖ ȗȈȕȐ
ǵȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤșȧ ȕȖ Ȓȕȧȏȧ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȌȔȣȊȈȓȖ
ȏȈȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȡȍȒȖȚȓȐȊȣȍ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ
— Ǻȣ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȌțȘȕȖȍ" ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ
ȇȕ — șȚȈȘȐȒ
— DzȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȖ ȖȚȢȍȏȌȈ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞț ș
ȗȈȕȐ ȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȦ Ȓ șȖȓȌȈȚȒȍ
ǶȉȕȈȋȓȍȊȠȐȑ ǹȚȈșȤ ȝȐȝȐȒȕțȓ
— Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ȕȈ șȖȓȌȈȚȒț Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȚ..
III
— ǶȚȟȍȋȖ Țȣ ȍȏȌȐȠȤ Ȓ ȇȕț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȔȖȍ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍ"
— Ǵȕȍ ȉȍȏ Țȍȉȧ șȒțȟȕȖ Ǩ Ȍȓȧ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ
Ȗȕ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȈȒ ȓȦȉȐȚ
— ǶȚȟȍȋȖ Țȣ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȤȔȍȠȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ș șȖȉȖȦ"
— ǷȖȍȌȍȔ ǵȖ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȎȌȈȦ șȖșȒțȟȐȠȤșȧ ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȖȚ-
ȒȘȖȊȍȕȍȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ ǷȘȐ Țȍȉȍ Ȗȕ ȕȈșțȗȐȚșȧ Ȑ ȉțȌȍȚ
ȔȖȓȟȈȚȤ
Ǫșȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȘȈ-
ȏȢȧșȕȧȓȖ Ȑ ȘȍȊȕȐȊȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ ȐșȒȈȓȈ ȕȖȊȣȝ țȌȖșȚȖȊȍȘȍȕȐȑ
DzȕȧȏȤ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȊȣșȓȍȌȐȚȤ ǪȈȕȌț șȈȔ
ǹȒȈȏȈȊ ȍȑ țȚȘȖȔ ȟȚȖ țȍȏȎȈȍȚ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ
ȗȍȘȊȖȑ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȚȈȔ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȗȍȠȒȖȔ
ǯȈȉȘȈȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȟȈȡț ȓȍșȈ ȖȒȖȓȖ șȚȖȘȖȎȒȐ ȒȕȧȏȤ șȚȈȓ ȚȍȘ-
ȗȍȓȐȊȖ ȎȌȈȚȤ ǪȘȍȔȧ ȚȧȕțȓȖșȤ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓȖșȤ ȜȣȘȒȈȕȤȍ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ Ȑ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȑ ȖȒ-
ȘȐȒ ǪȈȕȌȣ șȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȦȡȍȑ ȗȖȘȣȊȣ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȋȖ Ȑ șȚȈȚȕȖȋȖ
ȎȍȘȍȉȞȈ ȘȊțȡȍȋȖșȧ ȗȍȘȍȑȚȐ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȘȣșȤ
ǪȣȠȍȓ ȇȕ Ȑ ȗȖȔȖȋ șȖȑȚȐ ǪȈȕȌȍ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț ȒȕȧȋȐȕȧ
Ȑ șȓțȋȈ șȒȘȣȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȎȒȍ
DzȕȧȏȤ ȊȣȎȌȈȓ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȗȖȓțȟȈșȈ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȌȖȔȐȒț ȇȕȈ.
ǯȈȕȈȊȍșȒȐ ȕȈ ȖȒȕȈȝ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȣȓȐ șȗțȡȍȕȣ ǯȈȌȕȍȍ
ȖȒȕȖ ȊȣȝȖȌȧȡȍȍ Ȓ ȘȍȒȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȉȐȚȖ șȚȈȊȕȍȔ
DzȕȧȏȤ ȗȖȌȒȘȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȐȓ ȋȓȈȏ Ȓ ȡȍȓȐ ǵȍȚ Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ
ȏȈȕȈȊȍș ǯȈȚȖ ȌȖ ȕȍȋȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȧȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȌȖȓȍȚȈȓȐ ȋȖȓȖșȈ

34
— DzȈȒ ȊȒțșȕȖ
— DzțȠȈȑȚȍ ȗȈȕȐ ȒțȠȈȑȚȍ ȕȈ ȌȖȉȘȖȍ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍ
— ǬȈȑ ȍȡȍ ȒțșȖȟȍȒ
— ǷȖșȚȖȑȚȍ ȗȈȕȐ ȧ ȌȖșȚȈȕț Ȑȏ ȗȍȟȐ ȘȈȋț ǺȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ȝȖ-
ȘȖȠȍȍ ȉȓȦȌȖ Ǩ ȊȍȚȟȐȕȣ ȗȈȕȐ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ" ǶȚȓȐȟȕȈȧ ǹȈȔ
ȒȖȗȚȐȓ
— ǷȖȎȈȓțȑ
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
— ǫȌȍ Țȣ ȌȖșȚȈȍȠȤ ȇȕ?
— ǵȍ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȑȚȍ ȗȈȕȐ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȓȐ ȘȈȊȕȖ
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
— ǵț Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȈȕȐ ȏȈȗȤȍȔ șȚȈȘȣȔ ȊȐȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȗȈȕșȒȖȋȖ
ȗȖȋȘȍȉȈ...
ǫȖȓȖșȈ șȔȖȓȒȓȐ ǪȍȘȕȖ, ȖȉȈ ȗȍȘȍșȍȓȐ ȒțȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȌȈȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ǬȖȓȍȚȈȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȚȘȣȊȒȐ șȓȖȊ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȑ șȊȧȏȐ
Ǫ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȠȈȋȐ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖșȈ șȚȈȓȐ ȉȓȐȎȍ
— ȇ ȉȖȦșȤ, ȇȕ ȧ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȉȖȦșȤ ȟȚȖ ȔțȎ țȏȕȈȍȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȈȠț ȚȈȑȕț Ƕȕ ȖȚȊȍȘȕȍȚșȧ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ Ǵȕȍ
ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȌțȔȈȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȑ șȍȑȟȈș Ȗȕ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȍȚ
— ǶȚȒțȌȈ ȍȔț ȌȖȋȈȌȈȚȤșȧ ȗȈȕȐ" ǭșȓȐ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȒȖȔț
ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȧȚ
ǯȈȋȘȍȔȍȓȈ ȖȚȊȖȘȧȍȔȈȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ ȒȕȧȏȤ ȖȚȗȘȧȕțȓ Ȋ ȓȍș șȒȘȣ-
ȊȈȧșȤ ȏȈ ȋțșȚȣȔȐ ȒțșȚȈȔȐ ǺȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌșȓțȠȈȓ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ
țȉȍȌȐȓȖ ȍȋȖ Ȋ șȊȧȏȐ Ȏȍȕȣ ș ȇȕȖȔ
ǬȖȓȋȖ ȉȘȖȌȐȓ Ȗȕ ȗȖ ȓȍșȕȣȔ ȚȘȖȗȐȕȒȈȔ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȘȈȏțȔ-
ȕȖ ȖȚȕȍșȚȐșȤ Ȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȊȠȍȔțșȧ Ƕȕ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ ǪȈȕȌȈ
ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ Ȑ ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȕȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȐ
ȕȈ ©ǺȘȈȜȈȓȤȋȈȘȍª ȕȖ, Ȓ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȖ șȓțȠȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȐȟȍ-
ȋȖ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ Ȗ ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȕȐȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȖȉȐȚȈȍȔȖȔ ȖșȚȘȖȊȍ
©ǹȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȧșȕȖ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ, — ȌțȔȈȓ ȒȕȧȏȤ. — ǵȈ
ȖșȚȘȖȊ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȉȘȖȠȍȕȣ ȌȊȈ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ Ȑ ȎȍȕȡȐ-
ȕȈ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȕȈ șȗȈșȍȕȐȍ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ — ȋȖȓȖȌȕȈȧ

35
șȔȍȘȚȤ Ǫșȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȑȚȐ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȑ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȍ
ǵȖ ȒȈȒ ǪȈȕȌȈ șȗȈșȍȕȕȈȧ ȊȍȘȕțȊȠȈȧșȧ Ȓ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȑ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȚȤ ȥȚț ȗȖȏȖȘȕțȦ șȊȧȏȤ" DzȚȖ ȗȖȑȔȍȚ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕț"»
ǩȍȏțȔȕȈȧ ȘȍȊȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȏȓȖȉȈ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȐ ȒȕȧȏȍȔ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ȕȈȌ șȖȉȖȦ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȊȕȖȊȤ Ȓ ȓȍș-
ȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȎȒȍ
ȇȕ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ șțȘȖȊȖ ȕȖ ȗȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȈȧ
ȊȖȑȚȐ DzȕȧȏȤ ȖȚȚȖȓȒȕțȓ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ Ȑ ȊȖȘȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȎȒț ǹȍȓ
ȕȈ șȒȈȔȤȦ ț șȚȖȓȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ șȚȈȓ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐ-
ȊȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȐȡȈ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊ ȐȏȔȍ-
ȕȣ Ȏȍȕȣ
ȇȕ ȔȖȓȟȈ șȓȍȌȐȓ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ
ǭȋȖ șțȝȖȍ ȉȘȐȚȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ș ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ șȍȌȣȔȐ țșȈȔȐ ȗȖ-
ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȒȕȧȏȦ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ
ǽȖȚȍȓȖșȤ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȏȓȖȍ țȌȈȘȐȚȤ ȖșȒȖȘ-
ȉȐȚȤ
— ǻȋȖșȚȐ-ȒȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȊȍȚȟȐȕȖȑ ȚȖȑ șȈȔȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ
Ȋȣ ȍȌȐȚȍ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȗȈȕȐ
DzȕȧȏȤ șȈȔ ȐșȗțȋȈȓșȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȇȕȈ
ȍȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ dzȐȞȖ șȚȖȘȖȎȈ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȓȖ ȒȈȒ Ȕȍȓ ǫȓȈȏȈ șȌȍȓȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȓȐ ȉȍșȗȘȍȌȍȓȤȕȣȑ țȎȈș ǫȖȓȖȊȈ
Ȑ ȘțȒȐ ȚȘȧșȓȐșȤ
— ǿȚȖ șȚȘțșȐȓ" — ȏȓȖȘȈȌșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȕȧȏȤ. — ǺȈȡȐ șȍȑȟȈș
ȚȊȖȦ ȊȍȚȟȐȕț
— ǵȖ ȗȈȕ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȏȌȍșȤ ȖȕȈ ȕȈ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȌȈȒȍ
— ǪȍȌȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚțȌȈ
— ǯȈȟȍȔ Ȏȍ ȗȈȕț ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤșȧ" — ȖȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȇȕ. — ǺȈȔ
ȚȍșȕȖ Ȑ ȗȣȓȤȕȖ
ǵȖ ȒȕȧȏȤ țȎȍ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȋ șȍȕȐ Ȑ ȊȏȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȖȑ ȓȍșȍȕȒȍ
ǵȈ ȟȍȘȌȈȒȍ ȞȈȘȐȓ ȗȖȓțȔȘȈȒ ǪȐșȍȓȐ ȖȒȖȘȖȒȈ Ȑ ȒȖȓȉȈ-
șȣ
— ǯȈȟȍȔ ȧ ȗȖȓȍȏ șȦȌȈ" ǿȚȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȓ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ" ȇ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ
șȝȖȎț ș țȔȈ
ǷȖȟȚȐ șȗȘȣȋȕțȊ șȊȍȘȝț ȒȕȧȏȤ șȐȓȤȕȣȔ țȌȈȘȖȔ ȗȖ ȓȐȞț
ȗȖȊȈȓȐȓ ȇȕȈ Ȑ ȗȐȝȕțȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋȖȑ
— ǪȖȚ Țȍȉȍ ȕȍȋȖȌȧȑ,

36
ǰ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȑȏ șȚȖȘȖȎȒȐ ȉȍȋȖȔ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȊȍȌțȡȍȑ Ȓ
ȌȊȖȘȞț.
IV
DzȕȧȏȤ ȉțȘȍȑ ȊȖȘȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȗȈȓȤȕȦ Ȏȍȕȣ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȊȣȒȘȐ-
ȒȐȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȓțșȊȧȏȕȣȍ ȜȘȈȏȣ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— Ǻȣ ȍȓȈ ș ȇȕȖȔ ȊȍȚȟȐȕț ȇ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ ȗȖ-
ȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȥȚț ȊȍȚȟȐȕț
ǪȈȕȌȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ ș ȒȘȍșȓȈ Ǫșȧ ȉȓȍȌȕȈȧ ș ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȖȚȒȘȣ-
ȚȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȖȕȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȍ Ȑȏ-
ȊȈȧȕȐȍ
— Ǩ Ȑ Țȍȉȧ ȗțȋȈȍȚ ȊȍȚȟȐȕȈ ǩȍșȗțȚȕȈȧ
— ǿȚȖ Țȣ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȌțȔȈȍȠȤ"
— ǶȕȈ ȍȡȍ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȚ ǿȍȋȖ Țȍȉȍ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖ" ǵȖ Țȣ
ȗȖȠȓȈ Ȓ șȚȈȘȐȒț ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȝ ȘȈȏȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȑ
— ǶșȚȈȕȖȊȐșȤ ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȚȖ
— ǵȍ ȚȖ" ǺȈȒ Țȣ ȉțȌȍȠȤ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȚȘȐȞȈȚȤ șȊȖȦ șȊȧȏȤ ș
ȇȕȖȔ" ǵȍ ȓȋȐ
DzȕȧȏȤ ȏȈȔȈȝȕțȓșȧ ȝȓȣșȚȖȔ ȕȖ ȘțȒȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓȈ ȝȓȣșȚ,
țȗȈȊ ȏȊȖȕȒȖ țȌȈȘȐȓșȧ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȖȑ ȘțȟȒȖȑ Ȗ șȚȖȓ DzȕȧȏȤ
ȏȈȒȘȣȓ ȓȐȞȖ ȖȉȍȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȋȓțȝȖ ȘȣȌȈȧ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓ ȊȖȕ...
ǪȈȕȌȈ ȏȈȗȍȘȠȐșȤ Ȋ șȗȈȓȤȕȍ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȐșȈȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȟȍȘȒȐ-
ȊȈȧ ȘȈȏȘȣȊȈȧ ȉțȔȈȋț Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȧșȤ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȏȈ ȗȍȘȖ:
«ǪȓȈȌȐșȓȈȊ ȇ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȞȍȑ ȇȕȈ Ȑ ȕȍ
ȔȖȋȓȈ ȍȦ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Țȍȉȧ Ǻȣ Ȕȕȍ ȌȖȓ-
Ȏȍȕ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ ȕȍ ȓȋțȚ Ȉ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȟȈș
Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ǵȖ ȘȖȒȖȊȈȧ țȎȈșȕȈȧ ȚȈȑȕȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
șȊȧȏȣȊȈȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ș ȇȕȖȔ ǹȍȑȟȈș ȧ ȗȖȌșȓțȠȐȊȈȓȈ ț ȌȊȍȘȍȑ
ȚȊȖȍȋȖ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȈ ǷȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ǻȣ șȖȊȍȡȈȓșȧ ș ȗȖ-
ȓȐȞȍȑșȒȐȔȐ ȖȉȊȐȕȐȊ ȇȕȈ Ȋ ȒȘȈȎȍ Ǫȣ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ ȈȘȍșȚȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȖȉȣșȒȈȚȤ șȚȖȘȖȎȒț ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȖȚȒȘȖȍȚșȧ ǻȏȕȈȑ ȓțȟȠȍ
ȗȘȈȊȌț ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ǹȟȐȚȈȑ Ȕȍȕȧ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȍȑ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȐȞȍȑ
ȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȑ Ȋ ȐȏȔȍȕȍ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈ Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ
ȗȖȍȏȌȒȍ Ȑȏ ǨȊșȚȘȈȓȐȐ ȧ șȒȘȣȊȈȓȈ șȈȔȖȍ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ ǵȈ șȒȈȓȐș-

37
Țȣȑ ȖșȚȘȖȊ ȊȣșȈȌȐȓȐșȤ ȠȍșȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȖȊ ȔțȎȟȐȕ
Ȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ǵȈ ȖșȚȘȖȊȍ Ȋ ȗȍȡȍȘȍ Ȕȣ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ șȊȍ-
Ȏȍȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ ȊȖȌȣ ǶȒȖȓȖ ȗȍȡȍȘȣ ȘȖșȓȐ ȚȖȡȐȍ ȒțșȚȈȘȕȐ-
ȒȐ Ǫșȍ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ — ȖȌȕȐ ȋȖȓȣȍ șȒȈȓȣ ǺȘȐ Ȍȕȧ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ
ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȔț ȔȖȘȦ ȓȖȊȐȓȐ Șȣȉț Ȑ ȘȈȒȖȊ ǻ ȒȖȋȖ-
ȚȖ ȕȈȠȓȐșȤ șȗȐȟȒȐ — ȘȈȏȊȍȓȐ ȒȖșȚȍȘ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȍȓȐ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓșȧ șȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ Ȑ ȓȖȊȓȧ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ ǵȈ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ
ȋȖȓȖȌȈȕȐȧ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ șȚȈȓȐ șȖȉȐȘȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ
Ȑ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ șȖȊȍȡȈȚȤșȧ ǷȖȚȖȔ șȚȈȓȐ ȉȘȖșȈȚȤ ȎȘȍȉȐȑ Ȑ țȊȍ-
ȓȐ ȕȈ ȦȎȕțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȒȘȍȗȒȖȋȖ ȔțȎȟȐȕț Ƕȕ ȗȓȈ-
ȒȈȓ ȕȖ Ƞȍȓ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ ǿȚȖ ș ȕȐȔ ȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȧ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȕȖ Ȕȣ
ȉȣȓȐ Ȋșȍ șȣȚȣ ǹ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ Ȑȝ țȉȐȊȈȓȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ
DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȘȖșȈȓȐ ȎȘȍȉȐȑ ȧ șȖȌȘȖȋȈȓȈșȤ ȖȚ Ȕȣș-
ȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ ȔȖȧ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ǵȖ ȇȕ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȈȓșȧ ȉȘȖ-
șȈȕȐȍȔ ȎȘȍȉȐȧ Ȑ ȧ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȜȈȓȤȠȐȊȐȓ ǵȈ-
ȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȈ ȖșȚȘȖȊȍ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȕȈș ȌȊȖȐȝ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȈ
ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ǭȍ ȇȕ țȉȐȓ țȌȈȘȖȔ ȒȈȔȕȧ ȗȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȉȍȏ
ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȎȘȍȉȐȧ ǴȧșȈ ȕȈ ȌȊȖȐȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȇȕ Ȋȧ-
ȓȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ Ȑ ȒȖȗȚȐȓ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȧ țȊȐȌȈȓȈ ȌȣȔ ȗȈȘȖ-
ȝȖȌȈ ȇȕ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ șȈȔțȦ ȊȣșȖȒțȦ ȟȈșȚȤ
ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ Ȑ ȔȈȝȈȚȤ ȗȓȈȚȒȖȔ Ȉ șȈȔ ȏȈȎȍȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒȖșȚȍȘ
ǵȈș ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ Ȑ șȗȈșȓȐ Ǵȣ ȖȉȈ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ șȒȘȣȊȈȚȤ ȐșȚȐȕț
ȇ ȌțȔȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȏȈȉțȌȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȧ ȉțȌț șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȈ ǵȖ ȗȖșȓȍ
ȉȓȈȎȍȕȕȣȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȝ ș ȚȖȉȖȦ ǪȓȈȌȐșȓȈȊ ȧ ȗȖȟțȊ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȕȍȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȐȔȖȍ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ șȚȣȌȕȖ șȖȏȕȈȚȤșȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȦ ǮȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȘȖșȓȖ Ȑ
ȘȖșȓȖ Ǵȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȗȖȍșȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȔȧșȈ ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ"
ǩȖȓȍȏȕȤ" ǷȘȖȒȓȧȚȐȍ ǩȖȎȐȍ ȏȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȘȍȝ" ǰȓȐ Ȋ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȍ ȖȚȊȍȌȈȊȠȍȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȍ ȔȧșȖ ȗȘȖșȣȗȈȍȚșȧ ȗȍȘ-
ȊȖȉȣȚȕȣȑ ȌȐȒȈȘȤ" Ǫ șȊȖȐȝ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧȝ ȧ ȌȖȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȌȖ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ
ȉȍșșȚȣȌșȚȊȈ ȟȚȖ ȖșȚȈȊȈȧșȤ ȕȈȍȌȐȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȒȖȔț-ȚȖ
ș ȔȖȓȤȉȖȦ “DzțșȖȟȍȒ ȝȖȚȤ ȖȌȐȕ ȒțșȖȟȍȒ” ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȋțȓȧȧ
ȗȖ ȗȈȘȒț Ȋșȧ ȊȖ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖȋȖ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ȧ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȈ ȇȕȈ.
Ƕȕ ȕȍ șȚȈȓ ȕȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȘȈșșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȚȤ Ȉ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȘȧȔȖ
— ǷȈȕȐ ȧ ȌȖșȚȈȓ ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ȗȈȕ țȍȏȎȈȍȚ ș țȚȘȈ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȗȘȐ-
ȍȏȎȈȑȚȍ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȎȒț
ǵțȎȕȖ ȓȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ" ȇ șȚȈȓȈ ȍȏȌȐȚȤ Ȓ ȇȕț
Ȑ Ȕȣ ȖȉȈ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȓȐșȤ țȎȈșȕȖȑ ȚȘȈȗȍȏȖȑ ǶȚȒțȌȈ Ȗȕ ȌȖș-

ȚȈȊȈȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȍ ȔȧșȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ǬȈ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȉȍș-
șȚȣȌșȚȊȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȍȏȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȖ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋșȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȖșȤ Ȑ
ȎȐȚȤ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ǪȓȈȌȐșȓȈȊ, ȕȈȑȌȐ Ȋ șȍȉȍ
șȐȓț ȗȘȖșȚȐȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȉȍȏțȔȕțȦ ǪȈȕȌț Ȑ ȗȖȔȖȓȐșȤ Ȗ ȔȖȍȑ
ȋȘȍȠȕȖȑ ȌțȠȍ»
DzȕȧȋȐȕȧ ȏȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȓȈ ȗȘȍȌșȔȍȘȚȕȖȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ Ȋ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚ Ȑ
ȕȈȌȗȐșȈȓȈ ©DzȕȧȏȦ ǪȓȈȌȐșȓȈȊț DzȖȘȐȉțȚ-ǶȓȤȠȈȕșȒȖȔț; ȔȖȍ-
Ȕț ȌȖȘȖȋȖȔț ȖȉȖȎȈȍȔȖȔț ȔțȎțª
ǶȕȈ ȗȖȊȧȏȈȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȋȈȏȖȊȖȑ ȊțȈȓȤȦ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ ȊȣȠȓȈ Ȑȏ
ȌȊȖȘȞȈ DzȖȕȦȝ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ǪȐșȓȍ ǵȖ ȕȈ
ȘȈȏȌȍȓȍ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ǪȈȕȌȈ ȗȖȠȓȈ ȕȍ Ȓ ȓȍșț Ȉ ȊȓȍȊȖ Ȓ ȒȘțȚȖȔț
ȉȍȘȍȋț ȋȌȍ ȉțȘȕȖȍ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȌȔȣȊȈȍȚ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȉȍȘȍȋ Ȑ ȗȍ-
ȕȐȚșȧ ȘȈȏȉȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȗȉ ȖșȚȘȣȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ
ǶȉȣșȒ ȓȍșȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȎȒȐ ȌȈȓ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȊȠȐȍ
Ȋșȍȝ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȣ ǵȈ ȟȍȘȌȈȒȍ ȕȈ ȓȍȌȕȐȒȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȒȈȝ Ȋ Ȑȏȉȍ
ȕȈȠȓȐ ȒțșȒȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȔȧșȈ șȣȘȣȍ ȎȈȘȍȕȣȍ ȒȖȗȟȍ-
ȕȣȍȇȕ, ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ, șȒȘȣȓșȧ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȧ Ȓȕȧȏȧ
ǵȈ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȠȓȐ Ȋ șȈȘȈȍ ț șȖȓȌȈȚȒȐ
ǵȈ ȌȖȗȘȖșȍ ȇȕ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓȈ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȧ
ǪȈȕȌȈ șȊȖȍȔț ȔțȎț ǵȖ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȌȖȉȣȊȈȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȍ ȔȧșȖ
ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ țȋȖȊȖȘȣ DzȖȋȌȈ ȍȋȖ ȊȍȓȐ ȥȚȈȗȖȔ
Ȋ ȋțȉȍȘȕșȒȐȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ȗȕ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȉȍȎȈȓ Ȑ Ȑșȟȍȏ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ
ǸȈșșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȧ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȓȐȞ Ȗȉ ȖȉȘȈȏȍ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȇȕȈ șȓȍȌȖ-
ȊȈȚȍȓȤ ȕȈȚȖȓȒȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕțȦ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȤ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȎ ȟȈșȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓșȧ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȎȍȔ ȈȕȈȚȖȔȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȚȍȈȚȘȈ ȗȘȐ
țȍȏȌȕȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞȍ.
ǵȖ ȌȖȗȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȑ șȚȖȘȖȎ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔ ș
ȇȕȖȔ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȍȏȎȈȓ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȖȕȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȗȐȓȐ ȗȐȊȖ
ǵȐȒȈȒȐȝ țȓȐȒ ȏȈ șȚȖȘȖȎȍȔ ȕȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȗțșȚȐȓȐ
DzȕȧȏȤ ȗțșȚȐȓ Ȋ ȝȖȌ Ȋșȍ șȊȖȍ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȎȈȓȍȓ Ȍȍȕȍȋ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȏȈȔȧȚȤ ȥȚȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ
ǺȍȓȖ ǪȈȕȌȣ ȉȘȖșȐȊȠȍȑșȧ Ȋ ǪȐșȓț ș ȊȣșȖȒȖȋȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȕȈ-
ȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȕȧȝ ǶȕȈ ȕȍ țȚȖȕțȓȈ Ȉ ȘȈȏȉȐȓȈșȤ ǭȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȕȐș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȗȖșȚȘȈȌȈȓȖ Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȗȘȐ
ȎȐȏȕȐ
_____

Ǫ ȋȓțȝȖȑ șȐȉȐȘșȒȖȑ ȚȈȑȋȍ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȚȘȖȍ ȉȍȋȓȣȝ ȈȘȍ-
șȚȈȕȚȖȊ ǶȕȐ ȐȏȕȍȔȖȋȈȓȐ ȖȚ ȋȖȓȖȌȈ Ȑ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȐ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔȐ
ȓȍȎȈȓ ȚȘțȗ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ș șȍȌȖȑ ȉȖȘȖȌȖȑ Ȑ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȊȐșȠȐ-
ȔȐ țșȈȔȐ
—ǨȊȍȌȤȥȚȖȖȕ
— DzȚȖ"
— ǸȈȏȊȍ ȏȈȉȣȓ ȟȚȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ dzțȒȈ? ©ǹȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ șȚȈ-
ȘȐȒª ȖȝȖȚȐȚșȧ ȏȈ ȉȍȋȓȍȞȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȏȈ ȌȐȟȤȦ ǷȘȐȠȍȓ Ȑ ȍȔț
ȏȓȖȌȍȦ ȒȖȕȍȞ
ǶȒȖȓȖ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȓȍȎȈȓȖ ȘțȎȤȍ ǶȘțȎȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȗȈșȍȕȐȍȔ
Ȍȓȧ ȉȍȋȓȣȝ ǶȕȐ șȕȧȓȐ ș ȚȘțȗȈ șțȔȒț ș ȗȖȘȖȝȖȔ Ȑ ȗțȓȧȔȐ
ȕȖȎ Ȑ ȚȖȗȖȘȐȒ ǰ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȉȘȖșȐȊ ȚȍȓȖ ȕȈ ȘȈșȚȍȘȏȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȌȐȒȐȔ ȏȊȍȘȧȔ.
ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȕȈȚȖȓȒȕțȓȐșȤ ȖȕȐ ȕȈ ȐȏȉțȠȒț ©ǹȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ șȚȈ-
ȘȐȒȈª ǪȣȓȖȔȈȓȐ ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȋșȍ ȖȉȠȈȘȐȓȐ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȏȈ-
ȉȘȈȓȐ șȍȉȍ ǬȖȉȣȟȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȕȈȚȕȈȧ ǵȈȠȓȐ Ȑ ȔȍȠȖȒ ș ȌȍȕȤ-
ȋȈȔȐ
ǶȌȐȕ șȓȈȏȐȓ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȌȈȒ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȍș ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȒțșȒȖȊ ȒȖȗ-
ȟȍȕȖȋȖ ȔȧșȈ ǵȖ, ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȑȝ ȊȣȕȍșȓȐ ȕȈ șȊȍȚ Ȋșȍ ȈȝȕțȓȐ ȅȚȖ
ȉȣȓȐ ȒȖȗȟȍȕȣȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ ȉȍȌȘȈ
Ǫ ȗȖȓțȖșȚȣȊȠȍȔ ȖȟȈȋȍ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȒȖȚȍȓ ș ȊȈȘȍȕȣȔ ȔȧșȖȔ
ȕȖ Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȉȣȓȖ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȘȍȉȘȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ.
— ǩȈȚȦȠȒȐ ȌȈ Ȗȕ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȐȕț ȍȓ
ǰ Ȋșȍ ȚȘȖȍ Ȋ șțȍȊȍȘȕȖȔ țȎȈșȍ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȟȈȡț ȚȈȑȋȐ
ȗȖȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȖȚ ȉȍȘȓȖȋȐ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ-ȓȦȌȖȍȌȈ

40
ǻǮ ǿǸǮǹǮȃ
I
©ǶȒȍȈȕȐȦª ȚȘȍȗȈȓȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ
ǷȈȘȖȝȖȌ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȒțȘș DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗȉ ȖȌȕȖȔ
— ȒȈȒ ȉȣ țȌȘȈȚȤ ȖȚ ȕȈȌȊȐȋȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ȞȐȒȓȖȕȈ
ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȗȘȍȌȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȗȖ ȒȈȒȖȔț ȗțȚȐ ȗȖȑȌȍȚ ȞȍȕȚȘ
ȞȐȒȓȖȕȈ — Ȑ șțȌȕȖ ȔȍȚȈȓȖșȤ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȗȍȓȒȈ ȕȈȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȖȊȐș ȏȖȘȒȐȑ ȧșȚȘȍȉ
ǵȈ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȍȉȖ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȚțȟȈȔȐ ȕȖ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ țȔȍȕȤȠȐȓȖșȤ țȚȐȝ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȑ
ȊȍȚȍȘ ǵȈ ȗȈȓțȉț șȚȈȓȐ ȊȣȗȖȓȏȈȚȤ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȍ ȐȏȔțȟȍȕȕȣȍ
ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȣ Ǫșȍȝ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȟȒȈ șȚȈȓȈ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȍȍ
Ȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ȕȍ ȉȘȖșȈȓȖ ș ȊȍȘȠȐȕȣ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȕ Ȋ ȏȐȧ-
ȦȡțȦ ȉȍȏȌȕț
— DzȈȎȍȚșȧ ȊȣȉȘȈȓȐșȤ" — ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȗȖȚȐȘȈȧ ȘțȒȐ șȗȘȖ-
șȐȓ țȋȘȦȔȖȋȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ
—ǬȈ ȍșȓȐ ȕȈ ȊȈȠȍȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ ȊȣȉȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȗȈșȚȤ Ȋ ȒȖȋȚȐ
Ȓ șȈȔȖȔț ȌȤȧȊȖȓț — ȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖ Ȏȍ
—ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȒȈȟȒȈ ȌȍȚșȒȈȧ
— ǹȚȣȌȐȚȍșȤ ǺȈȒ ȔȖȋțȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȖȕȐ ȊȖȚ ȥȚȖ ȉȈȘȈȕȤȍ
șȚȈȌȖ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȖȊ Ȉ ȕȍ ȔȖȘȧȒ DzȚȖ Ȏȍ ȉȖȐȚșȧ ȒȈȟȒȐ" ǰȕȖ-
ȋȌȈ Ȋ Țȣșȧȟț ȘȈȏ ȝțȎȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȍ ȕȍȚ ȇ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȊȖȓȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȦ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȍ ȉȈȘȖȔȍȚȘȈ
ȅȚȖ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒ ȚȖȋȖ...
— DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ — ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȓ ȉȖȞȔȈȕ — ǹțȌȕȖ ȕȍ șȓțȠȈȍȚșȧ
Șțȓȧ
— ȇ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȏȕȈȓ Ǵȣ — Ȋ ȞȍȕȚȘȍ ȞȐȒȓȖȕȈ
DzȈȟȒȈ ȍȡȍ țȔȍȕȤȠȐȓȈșȤ ǵȈ ȟȍȘȕȖ-ȓȐȓȖȊȖȔ ȜȖȕȍ Țțȟ
ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȉȍȓȖȍ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȌȊȐȎțȡȍȍșȧ ȗȧȚȕȖ
— DzȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ Ȑ țȓȣȉȈȓȐșȤ
ȔțȎȟȐȕȈȔ
— ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȖȕȐ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ©ȋȓȈȏ ȉțȘȐª ȇ ȕȍ șȚȈȊȓȦ
ȏȈ ©ǶȒȍȈȕȐȦª ȕȐ ȋȘȖȠȈ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ"

41
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ǮȌȈȚȤ ǪȍȘȕȍȍ — șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȋ ȓțȟȠȍȔ șȓțȟȈȍ
— ȟțȌȈ
ǶȉȔȈȕȟȐȊȖȍ șȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȍ ȌȓȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖ ǩțȘȧ ȏȈȊȣȓȈ
ȒȈȒ șȚȖ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȖȊ ȊȣȘȊȈȊȠȐȝșȧ Ȑȏ ȗȘȍȐșȗȖȌȕȍȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȔșȚȐȚȤ
ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȕȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȔț ȘȖȌț ǷȈȘȖȝȖȌ șȚȈȓȖ ȒȐȌȈȚȤ
ȒȈȒ ȡȍȗȒț ǪȍșȤ ȒȖȘȗțș ȍȋȖ ȚȘȍȡȈȓ Ȑ, ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ șȍȑȟȈș Ȗȕ
ȘȈȏȓȍȚȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȒțșȒȐ ǪȖȓȕȖȦ șȔȣȓȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ Ȑ
ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ǪȖȌȈ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȓȈ Ȋ ȒȈȦȚȣ ǸȈȏȌȈȓșȧ
ȊȖȗȓȤ șȚȘȈȝȈ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȐșȚȍȘȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȘȣȌȈȕȐȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȏȊȍȘ-
șȒȐȍ ȘțȋȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȔțȎȟȐȕ ȉȖȘȦȡȐȝșȧ ȏȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǺȍșȕȐȓȐ
ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ȌțȠȐȓȐ ȚȖȗȚȈȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȌȍȚȍȑ ǯȈȉȣȓȐ Ȋșȍ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȍ Ȑ șȗȈșȍȕȐȍ ȋȖȚȖȊȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȒțȗȐȚȤ ȞȍȕȖȦ ȗȘȍ-
șȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ȞȍȕȖȦ ȌȍșȧȚȒȈ ȟțȎȐȝ ȎȐȏȕȍȑ
ǩțȘȧ ȕȍ țȕȐȔȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȕȍșȓȈ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ș ȋȖȓȖȊȖȒȘțȎȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȚȘȍșȒ ǹțȌȕȖ șȚȈȓȖ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎ-
ȕȖ ǶȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȊȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȒȈȚȐȓșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȋȖ DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ
ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ țȌȈȘ ȉțȘȐ ǪȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ȏȈȚȐȝȓȖ
— ǵȈȘȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ șȒȈȓț — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȉȖȞȔȈȕț șȐ-
ȓȧșȤ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȋ ȝȈȖșȍ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȝ Țțȟ Ȑ ȚȈȕ-
ȞțȦȡȐȝ ȊȖȓȕ. — ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȟȍȘȕȍȍȚ ȚȈȔ ǵȈȌȖ șȗțșȚȐȚȤ ȠȓȦȗ-
ȒȐ Ȑ ȊșȍȔ ȊȣșȈȌȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ǭȡȍ ȗȖȘȣȊ ȉțȘȐ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ
șȖȘȊȍȚ ș ȒȈȔȕȧ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖȑȌȍȚ ȒȖ Ȍȕț
ȀȓȦȗȒȐ ȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ș ȉȖȦ ǴȕȖȋȐȍ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȖȚȖȕțȓȐ
ǵȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȚȟȈȓȐȓȐ ȏȈ ȒȖȘȔȖȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ
ȊȈȓ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖȑ ȊȣșȖȚȣ Ƕȕ Ƞȍȓ șȚȍȕȖȦ Ȉ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȈ ȍȋȖ
ȏȓȖȊȍȡȍ ȉȍȓȍȓȈ ȗȍȕȖȑ
ǷȈȘȖȝȖȌ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȖ șȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȕȍșȓȖ ȠȓȦȗ-
ȒȐ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ Ȋ ȊȖȓȕȈȝ
ǵȖȊȣȑ ȚȘȍșȒ Ȑ șțȌȕȖ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȏȈșȍȓȖ ȕȈ ȖșȚȘȐȧȝ ȞȍȓȖȑ
ȋȘțȗȗȣ șȒȈȓ
Ǫșȍ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȣ Ȑ ȥȒȐȗȈȎ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȐ
ǵȈ ©ǶȒȍȈȕȐȐª ȗȘȐȋȊȖȎȌȍȕȕȖȑ țȘȈȋȈȕȖȔ Ȓ țȚȍșȈȔ ȕȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ȎȐȊȖȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȉȣȒȖȊ ȉȈȘȈȕȖȊ Ȑ ȗȚȐȞ ǮȐ-
ȊȖȚȕȣȍ ȉȓȍȧȕȐȍȔ ȔȣȟȈȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȒȘȐȒȖȔ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȓȐ șȊȖȍ ȉȍș-
ȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȖ
Ǩ ȉțȘȧ ȗȖȒȖȕȟȐȊ ș ȓȦȌȤȔȐ ȊȣȒȐȕțȊ Ȑȝ șțȌȕȖ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖ-
Țț țȚȍșȖȊ șȖ ȏȓȖȘȈȌȕȣȔ ȝȖȝȖȚȖȔ Ȑ ȌȐȒȐȔ ȊȖȗȓȍȔ ȗȖȕȍșȓȈșȤ

42
ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȘȈȏȕȖșȧ țȎȈș Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȤ
II
ǵȈ ©ǶȒȍȈȕȐȐª ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȎȐȊȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ǪȍȌȤ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȐ ȗȘȐ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖȑ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȍ ȊȣșȈȌȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ
ȏȍȔȓȦ ǵȖ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȏȖȠȓȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȕȈ ȉȍȏȖȉȓȈȟȕȖȔ ȕȍȉȍ Ȑȏ
ȓȦȒȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȉȍȓȖȒțȘȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȒȈ ȗȖȓțȌȍȚșȒȖȍ ȐșȗțȋȈȕ-
ȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț ȊȣȠȓȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȇȘȒȐȑ șȖȓ-
ȕȍȟȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ ȖȉȖȌȘȐȓ ȍȍ Ȑ ȖȕȈ Ȋȍșȍȓȍȑ ȖȋȓȧȕțȓȈșȤ ȒȘțȋȖȔ
ǴȖȘȍ ȉțȘȕȖ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȔȐȘȐȊ-
ȠȈȧșȧ ș ȕȈșȐȓȐȍȔ ǵȖ ȧșȕȈȧ ȓȈȏțȘȤ ȕȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȖȉȍȡȈȓȈ ȔȐȘ Ȑ
ȗȖȒȖȑ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȉȖȘȚ ǵȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖ-
ȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ȕȈ ȚȈȒțȦ șȚȘȈȠ-
ȕțȦ ȊȣșȖȚț ǪȖȒȘțȋ șțȌȕȈ ȊȣșȐȓȐșȤ ȖșȚȘȣȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȖȚȚȖȟȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ șȒȈȓȣ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȏțȉȣ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȋȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȊȕȐȏț ȉȐȓȐșȤ ȊȖȓȕȣ Ȗ ȊȍȒȖȊȣȍ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȍ ȘȍȉȘȈ
ǷȈȘȖȝȖȌ șȐȌȍȓ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȚ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ
ȌȍșȧȚȖȒ ȓȍȚ ȗȖȒȈ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȚșȧ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ țȘȈȋȈȕ Ȑ ȌȖȕȍșȍȚ ȊȖȓ-
ȕț Ȓ ȗȘȐȋȊȖȎȌȍȕȕȖȔț ȒȖȘȈȉȓȦ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȍ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȍșȚȤ ǴȖȓȖȌȖșȚȤ ȉȍȏȏȈȉȖȚȕȈ
Ǫ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȔ ȚȖȊȈȘȖ-ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘșȒȖȔ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȍ ȖȚȣșȒȈȚȤ
ȗȐȡț ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȚȘțȌȕȖ Ǫ ȉțȜȍȚȍ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȠȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȐ-
ȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤ țȚȘȍȕȕȐȑ ȒȖȜȍ ș ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȔ ȗȍȟȍȕȤȍȔ
ǪȣȠȓȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț ǷȖȓȦȉȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ țȚȐȝȈȦȡȐȑ
ȖȒȍȈȕ DzȘȖȔȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȝ șȒȈȓ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ
ȉȣȓȖ
ǪȏȌȖȝȕțȓȈ ȗȖȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ Ȗ ȗȖȋȐȉȠȍȔ ȌȧȌȍ ȕȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ țȚȍ-
ȠȐȓȈșȤ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȊ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ Ȗ ȕȍȑ ȏȈȉȣȓ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȈȌȐȓșȧ ȕȈ
ȠȓȦȗȒț
— Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǰ ȖȚ șȒțȒȐ ȗȖȠȓȈ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ǩȘȖȌȐȓȈ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔ
ȏȈȒȖțȓȒȈȔ ǷȖȎȈȓȍȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȣȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȒȈȒ
Ȑȝ ȕȈȒȖȘȔȐȚȤ ǬȖȉȘȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȌȖ ȚȘȦȔȈ ǷȘȖȠȓȈ țȏ-
ȒȐȑ ȗȖȓțȚȍȔȕȣȑ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ

43
ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ" ǬȖ șȓțȝȈ ȍȍ ȧșȕȖ ȌȖȓȍȚȍȓȐ ȏȊțȒȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȏȈȋȓțȠȍȕȕȣȍ șȚȖȕȣ Ǫ ȏȈȗȍȘȚțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ
șȚțȟȈȓșȧ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ǵȈ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȍ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȕȍȍ ȍșȚȤ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȎȐȊȖȍ
șțȡȍșȚȊȖ
ǷȖșȚțȟȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȚ DzȚȖ-ȚȖ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǸȈȏ-
ȌȈȓșȧ ȠȐȗȧȡȐȑ ȏȊțȒ ǵȍ șȘȈȏț ȌȖȋȈȌȈȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȒȓȦ-
ȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȏȈȔȖȟȕțȦ șȒȊȈȎȐȕț
DzȖȍ-ȒȈȒ șȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐșȤ
— ǰȌȐȚȍ Ȋ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕșȒțȦ ȒȈȦȚț ǺȈȔ ȒȓȦȟȐ ȖȚ ȔȖȍȑ ȚȦ-
ȘȤȔȣ ǹȒȖȘȍȑ Ǵȍȕȧ ȏȈȉȣȓȐ ȇ țȔȐȘȈȦ ȖȚ ȋȖȓȖȌȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ, ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȖȓȋȐȝ ȗȖȐșȒȖȊ ȒȓȦȟȈ țȏȕȐȒ ȉȣȓ ȖșȊȖ-
ȉȖȎȌȍȕ Ȑ ȋȘȍȔȧ ȕȖȎȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȕȌȈȓȈȔȐ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈ șȊȍȚ ȖȚ-
șȚțȗȐȓȈ Ȋ șȚȘȈȝȍ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȑ șȚȖȧȓ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȖșȚȈ ȔȈȚȘȖș ǸțȒȐ ȍȋȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȌȓȐȕȕȣ ȒȈȒ ț ȋȖȘȐȓȓȣ ǹȚȈȕ ȗȖȓțșȖȋȕțȚ
ǺȘțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒț ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȝȐȡȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ țȠȓȐ ȊȋȓțȉȤ ȊȗȈ-
ȌȐȕ ǹȒțȓȣ ȊȣȌȈȓȐșȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ǵȐȎȕȧȧ ȟȐșȚȖ ȏȊȍȘȐȕȈȧ ȟȍ-
ȓȦșȚȤ ȖȉȘȖșȓȈ ȔȝȖȔ șȍȌȣȝ ȊȖȓȖș ǵȈȌ ȚȖȓșȚȣȔȐ ȋțȉȈȔȐ ȚȖȘ-
ȟȈȓȐ ȡȍȚȐȕȐșȚȣȍ țșȣ ǵȖș ȉȣȓ ȘȈșȗȓȦȡȍȕ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȖȚ țȌȈȘȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȗȤȧȕȖȑ ȌȘȈȒȍ ǸȈșșȍȟȍȕȈ
ȉȘȖȊȤ Ȑ ȗȖ ȓȍȊȖȑ ȡȍȒȍ ȚȧȕȍȚșȧ ȠȘȈȔ ǻȠȐ ȒȈȒ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ
ȏȈșȓȖȕȒȐ
Ǩ ȖȕȖ ȍȡȍ țȓȣȉȈȓȖșȤ ȥȚȖ ȋȕțșȕȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ
III
ǻȏȕȐȒ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȔ Ȑȏ ȥȒȐȗȈȎȈ ©ǶȒȍȈȕȐȐª
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ
șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȕȈȘțȎȕȖșȚȐ
ǻȏȕȈȊ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȊȖȓȒ ȗȘȖȧȊȐȓ ȕȍ-
ȖȉȣȟȈȑȕțȦ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ
ǶșȔȖȚȘȍȊ ȒȖȘȗțș ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ ȓȈȏȐȓ ȗȖ șȒȈȓȈȔ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ
Ȋșȍ ȏȈȗȈșȣ Ȑ ȚȖȊȈȘȣ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȌȍȊțȠȒȍ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȣȔ șȍ-
ȘȤȍȏȕȣȔ ȚȖȕȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȑȝ ȎȌȍȚ

44
— ǯȈ șțȌȕȖ ȖȗȈșȈȚȤșȧ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ǹȐȌȐȚ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȋȊȖȏȌȍ ǷȐ-
ȡȐ ț ȕȈș ȝȊȈȚȐȚ ȕȈȌȖȓȋȖ Ǫșȍ ȍșȚȤ ǯȈȗȈș țȋȓȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ǬȈ
Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖȕȈȌȖȉȐȚșȧ ȕȈȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȓȧ ȒțȝȕȐ ǮȐȓȤȍ — ȓțȟȠȍ
ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ǫȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȋȌȍ Ȕȣ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȔșȧ" ǵȖ
ȧ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȒȈȘȚȈȝ Ȑ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȈȝ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȕȐ ȟȍȘȚȈ ǴȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȖȑȌțȚ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȍșȧȞȣ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ,
ȋȖȌȣ ȗȖȒȈ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȚ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șțȌȕȖ ǵȈȌȖ ȎȐȊȖȚ-
ȕȣȝ ȗȖȘȍȏȈȚȤ ȔȧșȖ ȗȖșȖȓȐȚȤ ȗȘȖȊȧȓȐȚȤ ȗȘȖȒȖȗȚȐȚȤ
ǹ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ȕȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȉȖȑȕȦ ǴȈ-
ȚȘȖș ȘȍȏȈȓ Ȑ șȊȍȎȍȊȈȓ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȖȚ-
ȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȓȈ ȍȔț Ȋ șȖȓȒȍ Ȑ ȒȖȗȟȍ-
ȕȐȐ ǪȔȍșȚȍ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȐ ȖȕȐ Ȑ ȖȉȍȌ
ǺȘțȌȐȓȐșȤ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȑ ȕȈ ȕȖȟȤ ȘȈșȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ǶȕȈ Ȋ ȖȌ-
ȕț Ȑȏ ȓțȟȠȐȝ ȒȈȦȚ 1-ȋȖ ȒȓȈșșȈ Ȗȕ — Ȋ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕșȒțȦ ǯȈ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȖȑ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȠȓȖ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ
ǵȖ Ȋ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț Ȑ
ȎȈȌȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚ Ȋ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȓȐ
ȌȣȔ ȐȓȐ ȗȈȘțș ǵȖ ȉȐȘȦȏȖȊȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȖ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȋșȍ ȔȧșȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȖ ȊȗȘȖȒ Ȑ țȉȘȈȕȖ
— ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȗȖȚȍȘȗȍȊȠȐȝ ȒȘț--
ȠȍȕȐȍ — ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ ȔȈȚȘȖș — ț ȕȈș ȏȈȗȈșȖȊ ȋȖȌȈ ȕȈ ȟȍȚȣ-
Șȍ ǵȖ ș ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȗȕ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓșȧ Ǿȍȓȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȖ-
ȟȚȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȌȍȓȈȓ ǪȈȓȧȓșȧ ȕȈ ȉȈȘȝȈȚȕȖȔ ȌȐȊȈȕȍ Ȋ ȒȈȦȚ-
ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȐ DzțȘȐȓ ȚȘțȉȒț Ȑ ȗȐȓ ȉțȚȣȓȒț ȏȈ ȉțȚȣȓȒȖȑ dzȐȞȖ
ȍȋȖ ȗȣȓȈȓȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȓȖȊȐȓȈ ȕȈ șȍȉȍ ȍȋȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȟțȌȐȓȖșȤ
ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ țȋȘȖȎȈȦȡȍȍ
ǶȕȈ șȚȈȓȈ ȐȏȉȍȋȈȚȤ ȔȈȚȘȖșȈ ǯȈȉȐȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȌȈȓȤȕȐȑ țȋȖ-
ȓȖȒ Ȑ ȟȐȚȈȓȈ ǷȐșȈȓȈ șȊȖȑ ȌȕȍȊȕȐȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȍȓȈ ș ȕȈȟȈȓȈ
ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ȐȓȐ ȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȗȖ ȗȈȓțȉȍ Ȋșȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȧ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ-
șȗȈșȐȚȍȓȧ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȔȈȚȘȖș ȗȤȧȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȖȘȈȓ ȗȍșȕȐ
— ȏȈȗȐȘȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȒȓȦȟ Ȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȠȈ-
ȋȈȔ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ ǸȈȏȈ ȌȊȈ ȔȈȚȘȖș Ȑ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȚȖȓȒȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȖȕȈ
șȓȣȠȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȋȕțșȕȣȍ ȘțȋȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ
ǵȖ Ȑ ȚȘȍȏȊȣȑ, Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȑ Ȋșȍ ȜȈȔȐȓȤȧȘ-
ȕȍȑ ǷȖ ȒțȌȘȧȊȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȗȖȋȓȈȌȐȚ ȐȓȐ țȡȐȗȕȍȚ

45
ǩȖȧȏȕȤ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȖșȚȐ țȋȕȍȚȈȓȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ǹ ȚȖșȒȖȑ ȊșȗȖ-
ȔȐȕȈȓȈ Ȗ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȑ ȘȖȌȐȕȍ — ǸȖșșȐȐ
ǹȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ȒȘțȎȖȒ șȍȔȍȑȕȣȝ ǩȈȉțȠȒȈ ș ȊȍȟȕȖ ȚȘȧșțȡȍȑ-
șȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȔȈȔȈ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȒȘȈșȐȊȈȧ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȋȖȌȣ
ǫȐȔȕȈȏȐșȚ DzȖȓȧ DzȈȘȈȗțȏȐȒ ȒȈȌȍȚ ǪȧȟȍșȓȈȊ ȝȊȈșȚȈȍȚșȧ Ȕțȕ-
ȌȐȘȟȐȒȖȔ Ȑ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȘȍȏȐȘȈȍȚ ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ Ǯȍȕȧ Ȋ ȒțȌȘȧȠȒȈȝ,
ȉȖȓȚȈȍȚ ȉȍȏ țȔȖȓȒț Ȑ ȊșȍȔ ȕȈȌȖȍȌȈȍȚ
ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȗȈȗȈ șȐȌȐȚ Ȋ ȊȖȓȤȚȍȘȖȊșȒȖȔ ȒȘȍșȓȍ ǯȈ ȟȈȍȔ ȊșȗȖ-
ȔȐȕȈȦȚ ȊȍȘȕȖ Ȗ ȕȍȑ
ǬȧȌȧ ȖȉȢȍȝȈȊȠȐȑ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ ȊȍșȤ șȊȍȚ șȒȓȖȕȐȓ ȍȍ ȖȚȗȘȈ-
ȊȐȚȤșȧ ș ȕȐȔ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ǴȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȊȖȍȊȈȚȤ ș
ȗȈȗȖȑ Ȑ ȔȈȔȖȑ ǵȖ ȖȕȈ ǵȐȕȈ ȖȉȡȈȧ ȓȦȉȐȔȐȞȈ ȖȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ
ȗȖȉȍȌț ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȕȈ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖȋȖ ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȕȈȒțȗȐȓȈ ȗȖȌȈȘȒȖȊ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ǸȈșȗȈȝȕțȓȈșȤ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ǵȐȕȈ ȏȈȉȣȓȈ ȏȈȗȍȘȍȚȤ ǫȘțȏ-
ȕȖ ȊȊȈȓȐȓșȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ-ȋȖȘȐȓȓȈ
— ȅȋȍ ȒȘȈșȖȚȖȟȒȈ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȏȈȋȘțșȚȐȓȈ" Ǫșȍ ț ȕȈș ȍșȚȤ ǭȠȤ
ȗȍȑ — ȕȍ ȝȖȟț ǵȈ 4 ȋȖȌȈ șȓȣȠȐȠȤ ȕȈ 4 ȋȖȌȈ ȝȊȈȚȐȚ Ǵȣ
ȉȖȋȈȟȍ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȍȘȖȊ ǵȐ ȏȈȉȖȚ ȕȐ ȝȓȖȗȖȚ ǪȐȕȈ ȊȊȖȓȦ ǺȈ-
ȉȈȒ — ȗȍȘȊȣȑ șȖȘȚ ǶȌȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȓȖȟȒȈ, ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȈȍȚ ǯȕȈȍȠȤ ȟȍ-
ȋȖ" — ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ — ȘȖȉȒȖ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ ǵȐȕȈ
— ǽȍ-ȝȍ ǵȍțȎȚȖ" Ǻȣ ȕȍ ȎȍȔȈȕȤșȧ ǮȍȕȐȝȖȊ-ȗȘȐȕȞȍȊ
ȚțȚ ȕȍ ȌȖȎȌȍȠȤșȧ ǷȖȓȦȉȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ǿȚȖ" ǵȍȒȈȏȐșȚ" ǹȚȈȘ Ȍț-
ȔȈȍȠȤ" ǴȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȏȈ ȗȖȧș ȏȈȚȒȕț Țȣ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȖ ȕȍ șȔȖȚȘȐ ǻȎ
ȚȈȒȖȑ țȘȖȌȐȓșȧ ǵț ȗȖȞȍȓțȑ
— ǶșȚȈȊȤȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ țȑȌȐȚȍ
— ǵȍȚ țȎ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȚȈȒ ȕȍ țȑȌț ǰȠȤ ȗȘȐȕȞȍșșȈ-ȕȍȌȖ-
ȚȘȖȋȈ Ǫșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȚțȚ ȗȘȖȗȈȌȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȐȝ ȒȈȔȕȧȝ
ǴȈȚȘȖș ȋȘțȉȖ Ȗȉȕȧȓ ǵȐȕț ǶȕȈ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ
ȚȖȓșȚȣȍ ȋțȉȣ ǻȌȈȘȐȓȖ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȏȈȗȈȝȖȔ ȊȐȕȈ Ȑ ȚȈ-
ȉȈȒȈ
ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȊșȗȣȝȕțȓȖ Ȋ ȔȖȏȋț ȟȐșȓȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȔȍ-
ȚȐȓȈ șȍȋȖȌȕȧȠȕȦȦ ȏȈȗȐșȤ ȌȕȍȊȕȐȒȈ
— ǶȗȖȔȕȐȚȍșȤ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ șȊȧȚȈȧ ȕȖȟȤ ȒȈȕțȕ ǪȖșȒȘȍșȍ-
ȕȐȧ ǽȘȐșȚȖȊȈ
ǴȈȚȘȖș ȏȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ Ǫ ȍȋȖ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȌțȠȍ ȉȓȍșȕțȓȐ ȐșȒȖȘ-
ȒȐ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȑ

— Ǩ ȕȍ ȊȘȍȠȤ"
ǵȐȕȈ ȗȖȒȓȧȓȈșȤ
ǴȈȚȘȖș ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ǵȐȕȈ ș țȎȈșȖȔ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȟȚȖ
ȓȐȞȖ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȚȈȓȖ ȏȊȍȘȐȕȣȔ
— Ǫșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ
ǶȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȑ
ǴȖȋțȟȐȑ ȘȍȊ ȗȖȚȘȧș ȊȖȏȌțȝ ǴȈȚȘȖș ȖȚȗȘȧȕțȓ Ȋ țȎȈșȍ
ǸȍȊȍȓȖ Ȑ ȋțȌȍȓȖ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ǰ — ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȉȈ ȉȘȖ-
șȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț
— ǹȐȘȍȕȈ ǷȈȘȖȝȖȌȕȈȧ șȐȘȍȕȈ

47
ȅdzǾǻǼdz
I
ǷȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ ȕȍȋȘȈ Ȋ ȓȐȊȘȍȍ șȓțȎȐȓȖ
șȐȋȕȈȓȖȔ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȕȐȒȖȊ ȔȐșș DzȓȈȘȣ ǪțȌ ȌȖȟȍȘȐ ȈȔȍȘȐ-
ȒȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȍȘȈ ǨȉȘȈȋȈȔȈ ǪțȌȈ ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ȓȈȒȍȑ șȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȏȈ șȗȐȕȒȖȑ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȋȖ șȖȓȖȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȘȍșȓȈ ȔțȎȟȐ-
ȕȣ ȚȖȓȗȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȉȖȒȈȔ ǪșȧȒȐȑ șȗȍȠȐȓ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȗȖȎȈȚȤ țȏ-
ȒțȦ ȘțȒț ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ DzȓȈȘȈ ȗȖȌȈȊȈȓȈ ȗȖ-ȔțȎșȒȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȗȖȑ-
ȔȈȚȤ țȓȣȉȒț ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȐȧ
ǸȈșȒȐȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȒȘȍșȓȍ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȖȉȊȖȌȐȓȈ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ
ȚȖȓȗț ȗȖȒȓȖȕȕȐȒȖȊ șȓȖȊȕȖ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȧ ©DzȚȖ Ȑȏ ȊȈș șȍȋȖȌ-
ȕȧ șȒȈȎȍȚ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖȍ"ª ǵȈȟȐȕȈȓȈșȤ șȒȈȟȒȈ ș ȗȘȍ-
ȗȧȚșȚȊȐȧȔȐ ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ Ȓ ȗȘȐȏȖȊȖȔț șȚȖȓȉț ȕȍȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȋȓȈȌȒȖ ȊȣȉȘȐȚȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ,
ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȓȤȕȧȕȣȔȐ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ Ȑ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖȑ șȐȕȍȊȖȑ ȋȓȈȏ.
Ƕȕ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȏȊȈȓȐ ǴȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȍȔ ǫȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȓȐ Ȗ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȗȖȉȍȌȍ ȕȍȋȘȈ ȗȘȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȔ ȟȍȔȗȐȖȕȈȚȍ ȉȖȒ-
șȈ Ȋ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȍ Ȑ Ȗȉ ȐȏȉȐȍȕȐȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ
— DzȈȒȖȑ ȗȖȏȖȘ — ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǴȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȤ
ǵȈ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȔ șȒțȟȈȦȡȍȔ ȓȐȞȍ DzȓȈȘȣ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȖșȤ ȊȣȘȈ-
ȎȍȕȐȍ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȈ
— ǷȖȟȍȔț"
— ȇ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȍȞ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȈ ș ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȔȖȍȑ ȔȍȟȚȖȑ ǹȚȘȈ-
ȕȈ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ Ȑ ȘȈȊȍȕșȚȊȈ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȓȦȉȐȓ Țȍȉȧ ȏȈȖȟȕȖ ȕȈ ȔȖȍȑ
șțȘȖȊȖȑ ȘȖȌȐȕȍ ȋȌȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȚȍșȕȍȕ Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȐ
ȉȍșșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ țșȓȖȊȕȖșȚȧȔȐ ȖȗȍȒȖȑ ȕȈȌ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȤȦ ȖȉȐȌ-
ȕȣȔ ȗȘȐȕțȎȌȈȦȡȐȔ ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȐȍȔ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȔȍȟȚȈ Ȗșțȡȍ-
șȚȊȐȓȈșȤ ǴȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȑ ȎȌȈȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȔȐșș DzȓȈȘȈ Ȋ
ȊȈȠȍȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȐȓȓȦȏȐȑ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȖ ǵȖ șȖ-
ȝȘȈȕȐȓȖșȤ țȊȈȎȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȐ Ȓ șȐȓȍ Ȓ șȔȍȓȖȔț ȌȍȘȏȈ-
ȕȐȦ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȋȖȚȖȊȖ ȐșȟȍȏȕțȚȤ
ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ Ȑ Ȋ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȍ ȘȈȊȍȕșȚȊȖ — ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ Ǫȣ șȖȏȌȈȓȐ
ȌȍȕȍȎȕțȦ ȈȘȐșȚȖȒȘȈȚȐȦ ǪȓȈșȚȤ ȏȖȓȖȚȈ Ȑ ȘȈȉșȚȊȖ ȚȘțȌȈ —
ț ȊȈș ȗȖȌȟȍȘȒȕțȚȣ ȍȡȍ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ Ȋ ǭȊȘȖȗȍ ǬȖȟȍȘȐ ȈȔȍ-

48
ȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȝ ȉȖȋȈȟȍȑ șȚȈȓȐ ȋȖȕȧȚȤșȧ ȏȈ ȔțȎȤȧȔȐ ș ȚȐȚțȓȈȔȐ
Ǫȣ ȞȍȕȖȦ ȏȖȓȖȚȈ ȊȖȏȘȖȎȌȈȍȚȍ ȜȍȖȌȈȓȐȏȔ, Ȋȣ ȖȒȘțȎȈȍȚȍ șȍ-
ȉȧ ȚȖȓȗȖȦ ȘȈȉȖȓȍȗȕȣȝ șȓțȋ ǪȈȔ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȍȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȍȘȉȖȊ Ȑ
Ȋȣ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕȒȐ ȋȖȚȖȊȣ ȏȈ ȕȐȝ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚț
ȚȐȚțȓȖȊȈȕȕȖȔț ȌȍȋȍȕȍȘȈȚț ȗȘȖȌȈȦȡȍȔț șȊȖȍ ȐȔȧ ȘȈȌȐ ȊȈ-
ȠȐȝ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ǵȖ ȗțșȚȤ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȘȈȏȊȘȈȡȈȦȚ Ȑ ȋțȉȧȚ ȗȖ-
ȊșȦȌț ȓȦȌȍȑ — ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ ȊȍșȤ ȕȈȘȖȌ Ȑ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȍ, Ȑ ȚȘțȌȧȡȐȍ-
șȧ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȚȈȒ ȏȊȍȘșȒȐ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȞȍȓȖȍ ȗȓȍȔȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈ-
ȌȐ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ" ȅȚȖ țȎȈș ȥȚȖ ȗȖȏȖȘ
Ȍȓȧ ȞȍȓȖȑ ȕȈȞȐȐ
II
DzȓȈȘȈ ȓȍȕȐȊȖ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȏȈȓȖȎȐȓȈ ȘțȒț ȏȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț
— ǸȈȏȊȍ ȕȍȋȘȣ — ȓȦȌȐ" ȅȚȖ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȍ ȋȘțȉȣȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȍ
ș ȎȈȌȕȣȔȐ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȈȔȐ ǷȖșȓȍ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ — Ȑȝ ȕȈȌȖ
ȉȣȓȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȊȣșȍȓȐȚȤ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȋ ǨȜȘȐȒț ȅȚȖ ȗȘȖȒȈȏȈ ȕȈȠȍȑ
șȚȘȈȕȣ ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ȕȈ ǬȎȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȚȖȐȚ ȏȈ ȒȘȍșȓȖȔ Ȑ
ȉȖȐȚșȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȝȓȣșȚȈ ǸȈȏȊȍ ȥȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ" ǴȖ-
ȎȍȚȍ Ȋȣ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȎȍȕȖȑ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȈ"
Ǫșȍ ȖȋȓȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȓȈȒȍȧ Ƕȕ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎ-
ȕȖ ȒȈȒ șȚȈȚțȧ ǺȖȓșȚȣȍ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȣȊȖȘȖȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȋțȉȣ ȖȉȕȈ-
ȎȈȓȐ ȗȖȓȖșȒț ȉȍȓȖșȕȍȎȕȣȝ ȏțȉȖȊ ǵȖș ȒȖȕȟȈȓșȧ ȌȊțȔȧ ȠȐ-
ȘȖȒȐȔȐ ȘȈșȚȘțȉȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗțȋȈȓȐ ȉȍȓȒȐ ȉȍșșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ ȊȖȘȖȟȈȦ-
ȡȐȝșȧ ȏȊȍȘȐȕȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ
ǰ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȊȈȓȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȏȓȖȉȕȖȑ ȘȍȊȕȖșȚȐ ȖȚ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȋȕțșȕȖȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȒȖșȕțȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒ
ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȓȍȎȈȡȍȑ ȕȈ ȒȘȍșȓȍ ȖȗȖȏȖ-
ȘȐȚȤ ȗȖȞȍȓțȍȔ ȘȖȏȖȊȈȚȣȑ ȜȈȘȜȖȘ ȕȍȎȕȖȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ șȔȧȚȤ ȟȍȘ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ șȊȍȚȓȣȑ ȠȍȓȒ șȚȘțȧȡȐȑșȧ ȗȖ șȓȈȌȖșȚȘȈșȚ-
ȕȣȔ ȐȏȋȐȉȈȔ ȚȍȓȈ
III
ǨȉȘȈȋȈȔ ǪțȌ ȉȣȓ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȗȖȚȘȧșȍȕ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȊȖ

ȊȘȍȔȧ țȎȈșȕȖȋȖ ȞȐȒȓȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȕȍșȠȍȋȖșȧ Ȋ ȕȐȎȕȍȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ǺȐ-
ȝȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȗȖȋȐȉ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ «Aguilega», ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ DzȓȈȘȈ
ȍȝȈȓȈ Ȋ ǨȊșȚȘȈȓȐȦ
ǵȐȒȖȔț Ȑȏ ȥȒȐȗȈȎȈ Ȑ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȖȊ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȕȍ țȌȈ-
ȓȖșȤ șȗȈșȚȐșȤ
ǪțȌ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȚȘȈȚȐȓ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȕȈ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȥȒșȗȍ-
ȌȐȞȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȖ ȘȈȏȣșȒȈȚȤ șȓȍȌȣ ȗȖȋȐȉȠȍ-
ȍȋȖ șțȌȕȈ
ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȋȖȌȈ DzȖȋȌȈ ȋȖȘȍ ș ȕȖȊȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ȖȊȓȈ-
ȌȍȊȈȓȖ ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȍȘȖȔ Ȗȕ Ƞȍȓ Ȋ ȖȌȕț Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȊȖȘ-
ȞȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȏȈȗȍȘȚțȦ ǺȈȔ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȚȈȧ ȋȘȖȉȕȐȞȈ Ȑ șȍ-
ȌȖȑ ǨȉȘȈȋȈȔ ȖȉȕȐȔȈȓ ȌȐȊȕȖȍ ȐȏȊȈȧȕȐȍ DzȓȈȘȣ Ȑ șȓȍȏȈȔȐ
ȖȘȖȠȈȓ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȔȘȈȔȖȘ...
IV
ǵȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ȕȍ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȒȈȘ-
ȚȈȝ ȗȖȌ ȔȧȋȒȐȔ ȕȈȊȍșȖȔ Ȑȏ ȗȈȓȤȔȖȊȣȝ ȓȐșȚȤȍȊ șȐȌȍȓȈ DzȓȈ-
ȘȈ ǵȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ ȍȍ ȒțȊȣȘȒȈȓșȧ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ
ǶȕȈ ȖȋȓȧȕțȓȈșȤ țșȓȣȝȈȊ șȒȘȐȗ ȗȍșȒȈ ȖȚ ȟȤȐȝ-ȚȖ ȠȈȋȖȊ Ȑ
țȓȣȉȕțȓȈșȤ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȊȠȍȔț ȗȖȓțȋȖȓȖȔț ȕȍȋȘț
— ǹȔȖȚȘȐ ǬȎȖ Ȗȕ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȖȝȖȎ ȕȈ Țȍȉȧ

50
ǼǿȀǾǼǰ ǸǼǾǮǯǹdzǸǾȁȆdzǻǶǷ
ǾȎȟȟȘȎȕ-ȕȎȑȎȒȘȎ
I
ǰȏȌȈȊȕȈ ȏȈȔȍȟȍȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖ ȖȌȕȖȔț Ȑȏ ȚȘȈȒȚȖȊ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧ-
ȡȐȝ ȟȍȘȍȏ ǺȐȝȐȑ ȖȒȍȈȕ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȤȠȍȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚ-
ȊȖ ȐșȟȍȏȕȖȊȍȕȐȑ șțȌȖȊ
ǺȈȒȐȍ ȈȊȈȘȐȐ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȘȍȌ-
ȒȐȔȐ Ȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȕȣȔ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈȔ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȗȘȐ
ȒȈȒȐȝ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ șȘȍȌȐ ȊȖȌȕȖȑ ȗțșȚȣȕȐ ȗȖȋȐȉ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ
ǩȍșȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȟȕȣȑ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȐșȒȓȦȟȈȍȚ
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȐșȟȍȏȕȖȊȍȕȐȑ
Ǩ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȕȍȚ-ȕȍȚ ȌȈ Ȑ ȗȖȧȊȐȚșȧ ȖȉȢȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȍ
ȖȒȍȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌșȚȊȈ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ șțȌȕȖ ȊȣȠȍȌȠȍȍ ȖȚ-
ȚțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȟȐșȓȈ Ȑ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȉȣȓȖ Ȓ ȔȍșȚț șȊȖȍ-
ȋȖ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȔȍșȧȟȕȖȑ ȗȘȖșȘȖȟȒȐ ȟȚȖ Ȑșȟȍȏ-
ȕțȊȠȍȍ șțȌȕȖ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ șțȌȈ ȚȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȚȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȍșȚȤ
ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈ ȟȚȖ ȐșȟȍȏȕțȊȠȍȔț ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌț ȊșȓȍȌșȚ-
ȊȐȍ ȈȊȈȘȐȐ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȘȐșȚȈȚȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȔȈȓȖȕȈ-
șȍȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȐȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ Ȓ ȉȍȏȓȦȌȕȖȔț ȖșȚȘȖȊț Ȉ ȗȖȚȖ-
Ȕț ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȕȖ Ȑ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȚȤ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȖȌȐȕ-ȌȊȈ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ ǷȈȘȖȝȖȌȕȈȧ ȒȖȔȗȈ-
ȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȔȍȚ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȏȈȊȐșȧȡȐȍ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ ȔȍȘȣ Ȑ ȚȌ
ǵȖ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȚ Ȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȋȖȌȣ Ȉ Ȗȉ Ȑș-
ȟȍȏȕțȊȠȍȔ șțȌȕȍ ȕȍȚ ȕȐ șȓțȝȈ ȕȐ ȌțȝȈ
ǺȈȒȐȍ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȐȧ șȓțȟȈȦȚșȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋșȍ ȘȍȎȍ ȕȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎ-
ȕȖșȚȤ Ȑȝ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȈ
ǰȔȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȌȈȓȍȍ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȔ ȋȖȌț ȚȖȊȈȘȖ-ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘ-
șȒȐȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ©ǨȒȊȐȓȍȋȈª Ȑșȟȍȏ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȉȍșșȓȍȌȕȖ Ȋ
ǺȐȝȖȔ ȖȒȍȈȕȍ Ȑ Ȗ șțȌȤȉȍ ȍȋȖ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȚ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȐȝ
ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȑ ǪȣșȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ȗȖ-
ȋȐȉ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȘȈȊȕȖȌȍȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȉțȘȐ ȘȈȏȣȋȘȈȊ-
Ƞȍȑșȧ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ©ǨȒȊȐȓȍȋȈª șȖȊȍȘ-
ȠȐȓȈ țȎȍ ȗȖȓȗțȚȐ

51
ǩȍșȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȟȕȣȑ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȓȐȉȖ ȉȍȏȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓ
ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȕȐȖȚȒțȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȖșȚțȗȈȓȖ ȏȈȧȊȓȍȕȐȑ Ȗ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖȑ Ȍȍ-
ȗȍȠȍ ș ©ǨȒȊȐȓȍȋȐª ǵȈ ȐșȟȍȏȕțȊȠȍȔ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȍ șȘȍȌȐ ȌȘț-
ȋȐȝ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȖȊ ȉȣȓȐ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȘȖȟȐȔ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕ-
șȒȐȝ ȉȖȋȈȟȍȑ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȑ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ-ȏȖȖȓȖȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȗȘȐȕȞ
Ȑȏ ȕȍ ȞȈȘșȚȊțȦȡȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ Ȑ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒ DzȈȓȐșȚ-
ȘȈȚȖȊ ș ȌȖȟȍȘȤȦ ǵȐȕȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȖȑ -ȚȐ ȓȍȚ
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȐ ȓȦȌȐ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȣȍ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȣ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȈ Ȑ
ȥȒȐȗȈȎ ȏȈȗȐșȈȕȣ ȕȣȕȍ Ȋ șȗȐșȖȒ ȉȍȏȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȋȐȉȠȐȝ Ǫ
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȐ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ
II
©ǨȒȊȐȓȍȋȈª ȗȖȗȈȓȈ Ȋ șȐȓȤȕțȦ ȉțȘȦ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓȈ ȒțȘș Ȑ ȚȘȐ
Ȍȕȧ ȕȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȗȖ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȔ ȊȖȓȕȈȔ ȖȉȍȏțȔȍȊȠȍȑ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ
ȧȘȖșȚȐ șȚȐȝȐȐ ǵȖ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ȉȣȓ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȗȖșȚȘȖȍȕ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȝȖ-
ȘȖȠȖ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȉȍȏțșȓȖȊȕȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ țȋȘȖ-
ȎȈȦȡȐȔ
DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓ ȉȖȌȘȖșȚȤ ȌțȝȈ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȋ țșȗȖȒȈȐȊȈȓ
ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȖȊ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȖ șȚȘȈȌȈȊȠȐȝ ȖȚ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ
ǵȈ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȉțȘȧ țȓȍȋȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȧȘȒȖȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȖȏȖ-
ȓȖȚȐȓȖ ȍȡȍ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕțȦ ȊȖȌȕțȦ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ǵȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ȗȖȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȑ ȗțȚȤ DzȈȗȐ-
ȚȈȕ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓ ȊȣȟȐșȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȌȈȓ ȒțȘș ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌț ǴȈȠȐȕȈ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȈȓȈ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȖ ǵȐȒȈȒȐȝ șțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȖȊȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȑ
ȕȈ șțȌȕȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ ȏȈȕȧȓȐșȤ ȗȘȐȊȍȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȍȋȖ Ȋ
ȗȘȍȎȕȐȑ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȑ ȊȐȌ
ǺȈȒ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ Ȟȍȓȣȍ șțȚȒȐ
ǶȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȊ ȔȍșȚȖȕȈȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ șțȌȕȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Șț-
ȒȈȔȐ ȘȈȏȊȍȓ ©ǨȒȊȐȓȍȋȈª ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȈșȤ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȌȖȓȎ-
ȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȟțȚȐȚȤșȧ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȧ ȊȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȒțȘș Ȑ ȒȖȓȐȟȍ-
șȚȊȖ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȕȕȣȝ țȏȓȖȊ
ǩȖȓȤȠȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȕȍ Ƞȍȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȉ ȗȧȚȐȓ-
șȧ ȕȈȏȈȌ țȝȖȌȧ ȍȡȍ ȌȈȓȍȍ ȕȈ ȏȈȗȈȌ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖ-
ȌȊȐȕțȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȊȖșȚȖȒ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȑȚȐ ȓȐȠȤ
ȗȖ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȍ șțȌȕȖ ȗȖȗȈȓȖ Ȋ ȔȖȘșȒȖȍ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȗȖ-ȊȐ-

52
ȌȐȔȖȔț ȕȍ ȖȚȔȍȟȍȕȕȖȍ ȕȈ ȒȈȘȚȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȚȖȔ ȕȍșȓȣȝȈȕȕȖȑ șȐ-
ȓȣ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ©ǨȒȊȐȓȍȋȈª ȠȓȈ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȈȘȈȝ
ǷȖ ȌȊțȔ ȗțȕȒȚȈȔ — ȊȟȍȘȈȠȕȍȔț Ȑ șȍȋȖȌȕȧȠȕȍȔț — ȒȈ-
ȗȐȚȈȕ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȓ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȋțȟȍȋȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȒȈ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȍȘȍȘȍȏȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȗȍȘȗȍȕȌȐȒțȓȧȘȕȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȐ
ǿȍȘȍȏ șțȚȒȐ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȍȡȍ ȌȈȓȍȍ ȕȈ ȏȈ-
ȗȈȌ ȕȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ ȟȐșȓȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ ȕȈ ȊȖșȚȖȒ
Ȑ ȕȈ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȣȍ șțȚȒȐ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȔȍșȚȍ ȋȌȍ
ȉȣȓ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ Ȍȕȧ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ
ǬȘțȋȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ©ǨȒȊȐȓȍȋȈª ȖȗȐșȈȓȈ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȒȘțȋ Ȋȍ-
șȤȔȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȊȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȍ ȠȓȈ ș
ȕȍșȓȣȝȈȕȕȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈ-
ȓȐ Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȍ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ ȗȘȐ
ȗȖȓȕȖȔ ȝȖȌȍ
ǵȈȟȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖȍ ȗȘȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȚȐȝȖȑ
ȗȖȋȖȌȍ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ șȓțȠȈȚȤșȧ Șțȓȧ Ȑ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ
Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȣȍ ȔȍȘȣ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȐȓșȧ ȔȖȋțȟȍȑ șȚȐȝȐȑȕȖȑ șȐȓȍ
ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȚȤ ȒȘțȚȐ Ȋșȍ țȔȍȕȤȠȈȦȡȍ-
ȋȖșȧ ȌȐȈȔȍȚȘȈ
DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȊȖȓȒ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ȗȖ-
ȗȈȓ Ȋ ȊȖȌȖȊȖȘȖȚ ȕȈȗȖȌȖȉȐȍ ǴȈȓȤșȚȘȍȔȈ ț ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ ǵȖȘȊȍȋȐȐ
ȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈ
©ǨȒȊȐȓȍȋțª șȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȈȦȡȍȑ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤȦ ȕȍșȓȖ Ȓ ȕȍ-
ȊȍȌȖȔȖȔț ȞȍȕȚȘț
ǿȚȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȍȚ ȚȈȔ ȏȓȖșȟȈșȚȕȖȍ șțȌȕȖ" ǪȍȘȕȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ — ȋȐ-
ȉȍȓȤ
DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȒȘȣȚȤ ȐșȚȐȕȣ ȖȚ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȈ
ȅȒȐȗȈȎ ȚȖȎȍ ȊșȒȖȘȍ țȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ș șțȌȕȖȔ ȚȊȖȘȐȚșȧ ȕȍȓȈȌ-
ȕȖȍ ǷȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ șȓțȝ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏȕȍșșȧ Ȑ șȘȍȌȐ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȖȊ
DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȉȣȓ ȊȣȕțȎȌȍȕ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ
— ǴȖȓȐȚȍșȤ ǩȖȋ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȚȤ ȟțȌȖ
ǵȈȟȈȓȈșȤ ȗȈȕȐȒȈ ȓȦȌȐ ȖȉȍȏțȔȍȓȐ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖ șȖȠȓȐ ș țȔȈ Ȑ ȗȖȉȘȖșȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚ
ǰȕȣȍ ȉȍșȕȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȖȋȓȈȠȈȧ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȘȣȌȈȕȐȧȔȐ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȔȖ-
ȓȐȓȐșȤ ȟȈșȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȊșȚȈȊȈȧ ș ȒȖȓȍȕ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȊȗȈȓȐ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧ-
ȕȐȍ ȗȖȓȕȖȋȖ ȖȚțȗȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ șȐȌȍȓȐ Ȋ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȐ
șȊȖȍȑ țȟȈșȚȐ

53
ǴȈȚȘȖșȣ ș ȟȈșȚȤȦ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȖȊ ȗȘȍȌȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍȖȉțȏȌȈȕȕȖ-
Ȕț ȗȤȧȕșȚȊț Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȗȣȚȖȒ ȕȈșȐȓȐȧ ȕȈȌ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕȈȔȐ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȗȖȋȐȉȈȊȠȐȝ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȌȖȊȖȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȖșȚȘȖȊ ȖȋȘȈȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ șȒȈȓȐșȚȣȔȐ ȘȐȜȈȔȐ ȕȈ-
ȗȖȌȖȉȐȍ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȕȣȝ ȜȖȘȚȖȊ
ǹȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ șȖȏȌȈȓȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȘȐȉȖȐ Ȑ ȗȖȊșȦȌț Ȋȏȓȍ-
ȚȈȓȐ Ȓ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȈȔ șȒȈȓ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȣȍ ȋȖȘȣ ȉȍȓȖșȕȍȎȕȖȑ ȗȍȕȣ
— ǺȈȔ ȕȈȠȈ șȔȍȘȚȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȊȗȖȓȋȖȓȖșȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ șȊȖȍ-
Ȕț ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒț
ǰ Ȋșȍ ȝȔȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ ȐȏȔțȟȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȖȚ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȧ
șȔȍȘȚȐ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȣ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȚ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȒȈȒȖȑ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȟȈș
DzȖȔț-ȚȖ ȊȏȉȘȍȓȈ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȌȐȒȈȧ ȠȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ
— Dz ȠȓȦȗȒȈȔ
dzȦȌȐ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȚȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȖ ȒȍȔ ȌȈȕȕȣȑ
ȗȘȐȒȈȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȔȖȋ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țșȒȖȘȐȚȤ ȋȐȉȍȓȤ
ǷȘȍȌȖșȚȍȘȍȋȈȦȡȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȚȍȘȧȓșȧ Ȋ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȉȖȧ Ȋ ȏȈȊȣȊȈȕȐȧȝ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖȑ ȚȖȓȗȣ
ȀȓȦȗȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȕȍȕȣ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȓȍȋ-
ȒȐȍ ȗȖȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ Ȑȏ ȋȓȈȏ
Ǩ ȍȡȍ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ țȎȈșȕȣȑ ȚȘȍșȒ
©ǨȒȊȐȓȍȋȈª șȖ ȊșȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȈ ȕȈȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌț șȒȈȓ Ȑ ȊȏȉȘȖ-
ȠȍȕȕȈȧ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ Ȋșȧ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȈȧ țȗȈȓȈ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ
ȗțșȚȣȕȕȣȑ ȉȍȘȍȋ
III
Dz ȘȈȏȉȐȚȖȔț ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌț ȗȖ ȚȐȝȖȑ ȏȈȊȖȌȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȊȠȍȑșȧ
ȔȍȎȌț ȉȍȘȍȋȖȔ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ Ȑ șȒȈȓȐșȚȣȔȐ ȘȐȜȈȔȐ ȗȖȌȗȓȣȓȐ
ȌȊȍ ȓȖȌȒȐ
Ǫ ȖȌȕȖȑ șȐȌȍȓ ȒȘȧȎȐșȚȣȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ Ȑ ȔȖȋțȟȐȔȐ ȊȏȔȈȝȈ-
ȔȐ Ȋȍșȍȓ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ ȖȗȍȘȍȎȈȓ ȌȘțȋțȦ ȋȌȍ ȋȘȍȉȓȐ ȌȊȖȍ șȘȍȌ-
ȕȍȋȖ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȈ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȑ ȉȘȦȕȍȚ ș ȐȏȧȡȕȣȔȐ ȟȍȘȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȉȍ-
ȓȖȒțȘȣȑ ȦȕȖȠȈ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȝȍȘțȊȐȔ
ǷȘȐșȚȈȊȠȐ Ȓ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕȈȔ ©ǨȒȊȐȓȍȋȐª Ȋșȍ ȚȘȖȍ ȊȣșȒȖ-

54
ȟȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȕȐ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȘȈșȗȘȈȊȐȓ șȊȖȐ ȔȖȋțȟȐȍ ȗȓȍȟȐ Ȑ șțȘȖȊȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș
— ǩȖȋȈȚȈȧ ȉțȌȍȚ ȌȖȉȣȟȈ ȅȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȑ ȌȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȕȈȔ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ
— DzȈȒȈȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȖȓȤȏȈ ǻ ȕȈș Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ — ȊȖȏ-
ȘȈȏȐȓ ȓȍȕȐȊȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȉȘȦȕȍȚ
— ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȚȈȔ ȍșȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȖȊȖȍ ș ȏȍȔȓȐ ȟȚȖ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖȍ — ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓșȧ ȦȕȖȠȈ
ǵȈ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȖȔ șțȌȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ Ȋȍȡȍȑ Ȑ ȗȘȐȗȈșȖȊ
ǶșȚȘȖȊȐȚȧȕȈȔ ȝȊȈȚȐȚ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȗȖ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȏȒȍ ȕȍ ȕȈ ȖȌ-
ȕț ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ǶȉȖȠȓȐ ȊȍșȤ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȗȖȓțȘȈȏȌȈȊȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȚȘțȗȣ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȈ ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȖȚȒțȗȖȘȐȓ
ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȗțȏȈȚțȦ ȉțȚȣȓȒț Ȑ ș țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ ȋȓȖȚȕțȓ Ȑȏ
ȕȍȍ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȒȘȧȒȕțȊ
— ǻ ȕȈș ȍȡȍ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȕȍȚ
ǩȘȦȕȍȚ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȉȘȍȏȋȓȐȊȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ Ȑ ȓȐȠȤ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȎȐȊȐȓșȧ țȊȐȌȈȊ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ Ȑ ȒȕȐȋȐ
ȆȕȖȠȈ ș ȌȍȚșȒȐȔ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ ȓȈȏȐȓ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔ ȏȈȒȖțȓ-
ȒȈȔ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓ ȒȈȎȌțȦ ȔȍȓȖȟȤ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȕȣȑ ȒȘȐȒ
— ǰȌȐȚȍ șȦȌȈ ǰȌȐȚȍ șȒȖȘȍȑ
ǩȘȦȕȍȚ Ȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȏȖȊ
ǵȐȕȈ DzȈȓȐșȚȘȈȚȖȊȈ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȓț ȒȈȦȚȣ ȕȖ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐ-
ȔȖȔț ȕȍ ȗȖȚȍȘȗȍȓȈ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȈȊȈȘȐȐ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȗȖȊȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȑ.
dzȐȞȖ ȍȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȉȓȍȌȕȖșȚȤ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȒȖȕȟȐȓȈ șȟȍȚȣ
ș ȎȐȏȕȤȦ
— ǻ ȕȍȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȉȤȍȚșȧ ǶȕȈ ȎȐȊȈȧ — ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȊșȒȘȐ-
ȒȐȊȈȓ ȦȕȖȠȈ
ǩȘȦȕȍȚ șȚȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȌȍȊțȠȒȖȑ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȊȣșȓțȠȐ-
ȊȈȓ ȋȘțȌȤ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȍ-
Ȕȣ Ȍȓȧ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȧ
ǷȘȖȠȓȖ țȎȍ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȉ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȈ
Ȋ șȍȉȧ
— ǷȖșȚȖȑ-ȒȈ ȧ ȗȖȗȘȖȉțȦ șȊȖȍ șȘȍȌșȚȊȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ
Ȑ ȘȈȏȎȈȊ ǵȐȕȍ ȏțȉȣ ȊȓȐȓ Ȋ ȘȖȚ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȗȍȓȤ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ-
ȋȖ ȊȐȕȈ
ȁȍȒȐ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȏȈȘȖȏȖȊȍȓȐ ȋȘțȌȤ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȗȖȌȕȧ-

55
ȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓȈ Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ
_____
Ǫ țȦȚȕȖȔ ȌȖȔȐȒȍ ȗȖșȚȘȖȍȕȕȖȔ șȘȍȌȐ ȟțȌȕȖȑ ȚȘȖȗȐȟȍ-
șȒȖȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȐ ȉȘȦȕȍȚ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ șȗȈșȍȕȕȖȑ Ȍȍ-
ȊțȠȒȍ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȒțȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȗȈȓȈ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ Ȑ ȦȕȖȠȈ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ
— Ǵȣ Ȋșȍ ȚȘȖȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȋȣ — ȗȖȚȍȘȗȍȊȠȐȍ ȒȘțȠȍȕȐȍ ȇ
ȒȈȒ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȘțșșȒȐȑ Ƕȕ — șȚȈȘȣȑ ȔȈȚȘȖș ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ Ȉ
ȥȚȖȚ ȗȖȗȈȓ ș ȕȈȔȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȍȡȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȖȔ ȌȈ Ȑ Țȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ ȍȔț ȊșȍȋȖ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȣȑ ȋȖȌ Ƕȕ — Ȑȏ ȕȍȔȞȍȊ
ȀȍșȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȕȈș ȊȣȉȘȖșȐȓȖ șȦȌȈ
ǶșȚȘȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȖȉȐȚȈȍȔ ȝȖȚȧ Ȕȣ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȊȖȚ ȥȚȖȚ
șȈȔȣȑ ȌȖȔ Ȉ ȕȍȊȌȈȓȍȒȍ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȊȈȓȧȓȐșȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ ȒȖ-
șȚȐ ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȎȐȓ ȏȌȍșȤ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ Ȑ țȔȍȘ ȖȚ ȉȖ-
ȓȍȏȕȐ ȐȓȐ șȚȈȘȖșȚȐ ǵȈȠ ȖșȚȘȖȊ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣȝ
țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ Ȗȕ ȗȖȔȍȡȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȞȍȕȚȘȍ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȌȖȊȖȘȖȚȈ
Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȚȧȋȐȊȈȍȚ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȋȐȉȍȓȤ Ȑȝ ȕȍ-
ȐȏȉȍȎȕȈ ǸȍȌȒȖ ȒȚȖ șȗȈșȈȍȚșȧ ǯȈ ȠȍșȚȤ ȓȍȚ Ȋȣ ȗȍȘȊȈȧ
ǪȣȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚșȦȌȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ǸȈȏȊȍ ȕȈ ȊȖȏ-
ȌțȠȕȖȔ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȍȘȍȓȍȚȍȚȤ ȊșȦ ȗțȟȐȕț ȊȖȌȖȊȖȘȖȚȈ.
Ǵȣ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȏȌȍșȤ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȏȈȗȈș Ǿȍȓȣȑ șȒȓȈȌ ȖȘțȎȐȧ Ȑ
ȊșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȝ Ȋȍȡȍȑ ǵȈ ȖșȚȘȖȊȍ ȊȖȌȧȚșȧ ȏȊȍȘȐ Ȑ ȗȚȐȞȣ Ȋ
ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȖȏȍȘȍ Ȕȣ ȓȖȊȐȔ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕțȦ Șȣȉț ȒȈȎȌȖȍ ȒȖ-
ȘȈȉȓȍȒȘțȠȍȕȐȍ ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȕȈȔ ȊȐȕȈ ȟȈȑ ȒȖȜȍ șȈȝȈȘ Ȕț-
Ȓț Ȑ ȊșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȗȈșȣ ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ Ȕȣ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȋȐȉ-
ȠȍȔ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȍ ȗȈȘț ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ ȗȖȘȖșȧȚ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȘȈȏȊȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȖșȚ-
ȘȖȊȍ ȞȍȓȖȍ șȚȈȌȖ Ǵȣ ȕȐ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȕțȎȌȈȍȔșȧ ȕȖ Ȕȣ țȔȐ-
ȘȈȍȔ ȖȚ șȒțȒȐ Ȑ ȉȍȏȌȍȓȤȧ ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȋȣ ȊȕȍșȍȚȍ ȕȖȊțȦ
ȎȐȊțȦ șȚȘțȦ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍ șȣȚȖȍ ȋȓțȗȖȍ Ȑ ȗȖȠȓȖȍ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȖ
Ȋ ȕȈȠȍ ȎȈȓȒȖȍ ȉȍșȞȍȓȤȕȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ
ǵȐȕȈ ȏȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ țșȗȍȓȈ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ țȏȕȈȚȤ ș ȒȍȔ șȊȍ-
ȓȈ ȍȍ ȘȖȒȖȊȈȧ șțȌȤȉȈ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȍȔ ȋȘțȉȖȑ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȖȑ șȐȓȣ
ȕȖ ȟȍșȚȕȣȑ Ȑ ȗȘȧȔȖȑ Ƕȕ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ șȒțȟȈȓ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ

ȓȦȉȐȓ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȚȘțȌ ȏȈȉȖȚȐȓșȧ Ȗ ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȍ Ȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȕȈ-
ȝȖȌȐȓ ȟȍȔ ȏȈȕȧȚȤ șȊȖȍ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǩȘȦȕȍȚ — ȘțșșȒȐȑ
ȐȕȚȍȓȓȐȋȍȕȚ ȉȖȋȈȚȖ ȖȌȈȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȚȈȓȈȕȚȓȐȊȣȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ
ȊȌțȔȣȊȈȦȡȐȑșȧ Ȑ șȗȖșȖȉȕȣȑ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȕȐȧ
ȟțȎȖȑ ȌțȠȐ
ǺȘȍȚȐȑ — ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȑ ȦȕȖȠȈ ȏȈȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈ ȖșȚȘȖȊ ȚȘȐ-
ȕȈȌȞȈȚȐȓȍȚȕȐȔ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȖȔ ȊȍșȤ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȣȝ șȖȒȖȊ
Ȑ ȕȍȐșȗȣȚȈȕȕȣȝ șȐȓ ȆȕȖȠȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȐȊȠȐȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ȌȊțȝ ȚȍȚȖȒ Ȑ șȍșȚȘȣ Ȑ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ Ȋ ȘȈș-
ȞȊȍȚȍ șȐȓ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȊȠȐȑ ȟțȎțȦ ȒȘȈșȐȊțȦ ȌȍȊțȠȒț
ǺȈȒ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȚȘȖȍ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ
ȟȚȖ Ȑȝ ȊȓȈșȚȕȖ ȊȓȍȟȍȚ Ȓ ȎȍȕșȒȖȔț ȔȖȓȖȌȖȔț șțȡȍșȚȊț
Ǫșȍ ȚȘȖȍ ȊȣșȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȌȍȊțȠȒȍ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖ șȊȖȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ
ǪȖȏȕȐȒ ȘȖȒȖȊȖȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȒȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȚȘȖȐȝ ȊȣȉȍȘȍȚ ǵȐȕȈ șȊȖȐȔ
ȔțȎȍȔ"
Ǹ S. ǷȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȍȚșȧ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȧȔ ȘȍȠȐȚȤ ȥȚț ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȟȍ-
șȒțȦ ȏȈȌȈȟț ǷȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȊȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ ǵȐ-
ȕȈ — ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȈȧ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȕȈȧ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦȡȈȧ
ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȐȌȈȊȠȈȧ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚ-
ȊȐȧȔ ș ȗȖȋȐȉȠȐȔ ȖȚȞȖȔ ǵȈȌȖ ȊȏȧȚȤ Ȋ ȘȈșȟȍȚ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȕȈȞȐȖ-
ȕȈȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚ Ȑ țȔșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȍ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȖșȚȘȖ-
ȊȐȚȧȕ
DzȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȗȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȦ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȐȏȉȘȈȓȈ ǵȐȕȈ șȊȖȐȔ Ȕț-
ȎȍȔ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȖșȚȘȖȊȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ
ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ"

57
ǽǮǾǶǴ ǽǼDz ǰǼDzǼǷ
I
— ǬȈ șțȌȈȘȤ ȊȖȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȈȍȚ Ȑ ȗȖȌȊȈȓȣ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȔȐ-
ȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȈ ȕȈȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț ȏȈȓȐȓȖ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ șȚȖȘȖȎ ǮȖȏȍȜ
ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒț ǪȐȒȚȖȘț ǫȖȓțȈ ȧȊȐȊȠȍȔțșȧ ȕȈ șȓțȎȉț ȕȍșȔȖȚ-
Șȧ ȕȈ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ ȕȈȊȖȌȕȍȕȐȍ — ǻȎȈșȕȖȍ
ȉȍȌșȚȊȐȍ șțȌȈȘȤ Ȑ Ȕȣ ș ȎȍȕȖȦ ȖȗȈșȈȍȔșȧ ȟȚȖ ǹȍȕȈ ȕȈȕȍ-
șȍȚ ȊȐȏȐȚ Ȑ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ Ȋ ȕȐȎȕȍȔ ȥȚȈȎȍ
— ǷȍȘȍȉȍȘȐȚȍșȤ ȕȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ Ȋ ȗțșȚțȦ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȏȈ ȘȍȋȐșȚȘȈȚțȘȖȑ ǭșȓȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȤ--
ȕȐȒ șȗȘȖșȐȚ șȖȠȓȐȚȍșȤ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ǶȚȗțșȒȈȦ ȊȈș ȌȖ țȚȘȈ șȓȍ-
ȌțȦȡȍȋȖ Ȍȕȧ
— Ǩ Ȋȣ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ șțȌȈȘȤ"
— ǶȉȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȚȍșȤ ȇ ȗȖȘȈȉȖȚȈȦ ȟȈșȈ ȚȘȐ Ȋ ȈȘ-
ȝȐȊȍ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ țȑȌț ȏȈȗȍȘȍȊ ȊȝȖȌȕȣȍ ȌȊȍȘȐ ǪȍȌȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȒ
ȊȈȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȐȔȍȦȚșȧ ȌțȉȓȐȒȈȚȣ ȒȓȦȟȍȑ
ǪȐȒȚȖȘ ǫȖȓțȈ șȟȐȚȈȓșȧ ȖȉȘȈȏȞȖȊȣȔ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȓȤ-
ȏȖȊȈȓșȧ ȖșȖȉȣȔ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȍȔ ǵȈ ȘțȒȈȝ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȖȚȌȍȓ
ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȑ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖ — ©șȍȒȘȍȚȕȣȔª Ǫ ȚȘȍȝ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈȝ ȈȘ-
ȝȐȊȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȐȏȖȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȖȚ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȧ
ȉȣȓȐ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȍȕȣ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȣ ȌȖȉȣȚȣȍ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȈȑȕȣȝ Ȉȋȍȕ-
ȚȖȊ Ȑ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȡȐȍ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȗȉ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȈȝ
Ƕ ǫȖȓțȈ ȕȈȟȈȓȤșȚȊȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȖ
— ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȉ ȝȖȌȧȟȐȑ ȉȦȘȖȒȘȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȔȍȝȈ-
ȕȐȏȔ
Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȝȖȓȖșȚ ȕȍ ȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ȚȍȈȚȘ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȣȝ șȊȧ-
ȏȍȑ Ȑ ȎȐȓ ȉțȒȊȈȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȠȍȓȤȕȐȒȖȔ ǬȕȧȔȐ ȗȘȖșȐȎȐȊȈȓ Ȋ
ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȍ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȌȕȐ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȍ ȖȚ șȓțȎȉȣ ȒȖȗȈȓșȧ Ȋ
ȈȘȝȐȊȍ Ȑ ȌȍȓȈȓ ȐȏȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȧ Ȑȏ ȉțȔȈȋ Ȍȓȧ ȌȖȒȓȈȌȈ ȔȐȕȐșȚ-
Șț ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ ǫȖȓțȈ ȗȘȐ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍ ș ȊȣȏȣȊȈȦ-
ȡȐȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȗȘȖȉțȎȌȈȓȐșȤ șȔțȚȕȣȍ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ
ȕȖ Ȗȕ Ȑȝ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȗȘȖȋȖȕȧȓ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȖȉȌțȔȣȊȈȕȐȦ ȌȖȕȍ-

58
șȍȕȐȧ ȈȋȍȕȚȈ Ȗ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȝ ȗȈȚȘȐȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȜȍȘȍȑȕȈȝ* ȐȓȐ
Ȗ ȋȘȍȟȍșȒȖȑ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȑ ȓȐȋȍ
Ǫ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȍ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǶȚȗțȡȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ șȚȖȘȖȎ țȌȈȓȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ
ǫȖȓțȈ ȖȚȗȍȘ ȚȧȎȍȓțȦ ȖȉȐȚțȦ ȎȍȓȍȏȖȔ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȈȘȝȐȊȈ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔ șȓȍȌțȦȡțȦ ȊȍȌțȡțȦ Ȋ ©șȍȒȘȍȚȕȣȑ ȖȚȌȍȓª
ǹȦȌȈ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȍȚȈȓȐ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȍ ȏȊțȒȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒ Ȋ
ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȚȐȠȐȕȍ ȏȈȕȧȓșȧ ȘȈȏȉȖȘȖȔ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȖȊ ȌȍȓȈȧ Ȋȣ-
ȗȐșȒȐ Ȑ ȖȚȔȍȚȒȐ
ǺȈȒ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȟȈșȈ ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȚȈȔ ȋȐȉȕțȚ ȓȦȌȐ
Ȑ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ ȔȖȓȧȚ Ȗ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ țȎȍ ȘțȝȕțȓȈ ȅȑ-
ȜȍȓȍȊȈ ȉȈȠȕȧ Ȑ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȖȚșȚȖȧȚȤ dzțȊȘ ȖȚ ȕȈȊȖȌȕȍȕȐȧ —
ǫȖȓțȈ ȕȍȚ ȕȐ ȌȖ ȟȍȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȊȖ șȚȖ ȘȈȏ ȊȈȎȕȍȍ ȌȖ-
ȕȍșȍȕȐȍ ȏȈ ȹ ȚȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ Ȑ șȗȘȈȊȒȈ ȗȖ Ȍȍȓț ȏȈ ȹ ȚȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ
ǫȌȍ-ȚȖ ȋȘȖȔȣȝȕțȓȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȌȘțȋȈȧ ǫȖȓțȈ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ Ȑ ȗȘȐ-
șȓțȠȈȓșȧ ǯȊȖȕȒȖȑ ȌȘȖȉȤȦ ȘȈȏȌȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗțșȚȣȝ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈȝ
ȔȍȓȒȐȍ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȣȍ ȠȈȋȐ ǷȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȦȚșȧ Ȓ ©șȍȒȘȍȚȕȖȔț
ȖȚȌȍȓțª ǷȖȓțȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȕȈȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ
ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓȈșȤ șȖ ȏȊȖȕȖȔ șȈȔȖȏȈȗȐȘȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ȏȈȔȒȈ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ǫȖȓțȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐ-
ȕȈ dzȍȊȈȧ ȘțȒȈ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȕȖ șȈȗȖȎȒȐ Ȑ ȟțȓȒȐ
ȉȣȓȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȔȖȒȘȣ Ȑ Ȋ ȋȘȧȏȐ ǷȓȖȚȕȖ ȖȉȚȧȕțȚȈȧ Ȋȣȗț-
ȒȓȈȧ ȋȘțȌȤ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȖȗțșȒȈȓȈșȤ ȖȚ țȟȈȡȍȕȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȧ dzȐȞȖ ȘȈșȒȘȈșȕȍȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȗțȕȞȖȊȣȑ ȘȖȚȐȒ ȉȣȓ ȗȖ-
ȓțȖȚȒȘȣȚ ȖȉȕȈȎȈȧ ȗȖȓȖșț ȊȓȈȎȕȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȓȈȔțȚȘȈ ȏțȉȖȊ
— ȅȚȖ țȎȈș ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ — ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ — ǪȖȌȈ
ȝȓȣȕțȓȈ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȕȈ țȓȐȞț ȏȈȓȐȓȈ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕ ȋȌȍ ȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȇ
ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȚȘȖȚțȈȘ Ȑ ȉȍȎȈȓȈ Ǩ ȊȖȌȈ ȋȕȈȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȦ ȗȖ
ȗȧȚȈȔ ȅȚȖ țȎȈș ȥȚȖ țȎȈș ǩȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖ ȓȐ ȏȌȍșȤ"
— ǹțȌȈȘȣȕȧ — șțȝȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǫȖȓțȈ — ǯȌȍșȤ șȍȒȘȍȚȕȖȍ
ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȊȝȖȌ ȟȈșȚȕȣȔ ȓȐȞȈȔ ȉȍȏțșȓȖȊ-
ȕȖ ȊȖșȗȘȍȡȍȕ ȇ șȍȑȟȈș ȖȚȖȗȘț ȌȊȍȘȤ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȋȣ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕț-
ȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȎț ȊȈș Ȓ ȕȈȠȍȔț șȚȖȘȖȎț ǭȋȖ
ȎȍȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚ ȊȈȔ Ȋ șȔȣșȓȍ ȒȖșȚȦȔȈ Ȉ ǮȖȏȍȜ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȚ ȊȈ-
ȠȐȝ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȐȝ ȗȖ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕț ȍșȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȖȊȖȌ ȕȍ ȐșȗȖȘ-
ȟȍȕ
* ɋɨɸɡ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɟɦ.).

59
ǫȖȓțȈ șȚȈȓ ȠȈȘȐȚȤ Ȋ ȎȐȓȍȚȖȟȕȖȔ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȍ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȋ ȗȐȌ-
ȎȈȒȍ Ȋ ȉȘȦȒȈȝ ǸțȒȐ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȖȉȓȍȌ-
ȕȍȓȖ
DzȓȦȟȈ ȕȐȋȌȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
II
— ǿȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ?
— ǩȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ șțȌȈȘȣȕȧ ȇ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ
ȒȓȦȟ Ȋ ȏȈȔȒȍ șȕȈȘțȎȐ Ȉ Ȋȣ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓȐ ȌȊȍȘȤ
— ǷȖȏȖȊȐȚȍ șȚȖȘȖȎȈ
— Dz șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȦ șțȌȈȘȣȕȧ ȖȚșȦȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȖ ȕȐ ȏȊȖȕ-
ȒȖȊ ȕȐ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕȈ
— ǪȖȚ ȥȚȖ ȔȐȓȖ ǵȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȏȍ Ȕȕȍ ȏȌȍșȤ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȏȈ-
ȗȍȘȚȖȑ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȚȘȐ-ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȟȈșȈ ȗȖȒȈ ȗȘȐȌțȚ
— ǷȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȝțȎȍ șțȌȈȘȣȕȧ ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ ȝȖȘȖ-
ȠȍȕȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓȐ ȓȐ Ȋȣ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȣȌțȡȍȑ ȌȊȍȘȐ"
— ǬȈ Ȕȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȦ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȋȖȕȐȚșȧ
— ǵț Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȕȈș ȔȖȎȍȚ șȗȈșȚȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟțȌȖ
— DzȈȒ" ǿȚȖ Ȋȣ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ"
— ȇ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ șțȌȈȘȣȕȧ ȟȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈș ȖȚșȦȌȈ Ȋȣ-
ȗțșȚȧȚ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ Ǫșȧ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȎ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧ ȒșȚȈȚȐ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȖȚȗțșȚȐȓ ȌȖ țȚȘȈ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚ
ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȒȓȦȟ ȚȖȘȟȈȡȐȑ Ȋ ȏȈȔȒȍ ǵȖ, ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȝȓȖȗ-
ȕțȚȈ Ȑ ȋȓȈȊȕȈȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȊȍȌțȡȈȧ Ȋ ȈȘȝȐȊ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȒȓȦȟ ț
Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȍ ȚȖ ǮȖȏȍȜ ȗȖȌțȔȈȍȚ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ țȠȍȓ Ȑ
ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤșȧ
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ Ȋ ȈȘȝȐȊ ȝȖȌȧȚ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ"
— ǶȟȍȕȤ ȘȍȌȒȖ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ șȦȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȦȚ ȗȖ ȕȍȌȍ-
ȓȧȔ
— Ǩȝ ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ ǵȖ ȗȖșȚȖȑȚȍ ȗȖșȚȖȑȚȍ ȊȈș ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ
ȝȊȈȚȧȚșȧ ȌȖȔȈ ȗȘȐȉȍȋțȚ șȦȌȈ
— ȇ ȝȖȓȖșȚ Ȑ ȖȌȐȕȖȒ șțȌȈȘȣȕȧ
— ǵȖ ȕȈ șȓțȎȉȍ" Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȧȊȓȧȍȚȍșȤ ȊȈș ȉțȌțȚ ȐșȒȈȚȤ
— ǭȌȊȈ ȓȐ ǶȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȚ ȕȈȊȖȌȕȍȕȐȍȔ ǪȖȏȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒȐ Ȑ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȕțȚ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȋ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘ-

60
șȚȊȖ ȌȖ șȗȈȌȈ ȊȖȌȣ
— ǵȈȌȖ ȏȊȈȚȤ ȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ șȚțȟȈȚȤ
— ǩȍșȗȖȓȍȏȕȖ șțȌȈȘȣȕȧ ȕȈș ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ țșȓȣȠȐȚ
ǬȈȔȈ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȈ ȓȐȞȖ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ǷȖșȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȘȣȌȈȕȐȧ
ǫȖȓțȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȗȓȈ-
ȟțȡțȦ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț Ȑ ȎȍȕșȒȐȍ șȓȍȏȣ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ șȐȓȤ-
ȕȍȑȠȍȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ
ǸȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȧ, ȟȍȔ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ ȟȍȔ țȚȍȠȐȚȤ Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ
ȋȓȈȌȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȗȖ ȗȓȍȟȈȔ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȧ
— ǻșȗȖȒȖȑȚȍșȤ șțȌȈȘȣȕȧ țșȗȖȒȖȑȚȍșȤ ǬȍȓȖ ȒȈȒ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
țȓȈȌȐȚșȧ ǵȍȔȕȖȎȒȖ ȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȧ
ǫȖȓțȈ ȗȘȐȌțȔȣȊȈȓ șȓȖȊȈ țȚȍȠȍȕȐȧ ȕȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȑ șț-
ȝȖȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȗȈȘȈȓȐȏȖȊȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȍȋȖ țșȐȓȐȧ
— ȇ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȧȒȈ ȏȈȑȌțȚ Ȋ ȈȘȝȐȊ ȗȖ
ȖȌȕȖȔț ȊȈȎȕȖȔț Ȍȍȓț — șȖȟȐȕȐȓ Ȗȕ ș ȔȍșȚȈ
ǬȈȔȈ ȊșȚȘȍȗȍȕțȓȈșȤ ȖȗțșȚȐȓȈ ȘțȒȐ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȕȕȖȔ
ȓȐȞȍ ȉȓȍșȕțȓȈ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈ
— Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȖȉȔȈȕȣȊȈȍȚȍ"
— Ƕ ȕȍȚ ȕȍȚ ǪȍșȤ ȊȖȗȘȖș Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȚȍ ȏȌȍșȤ
ȕȖȟȤ"
ǬȈȔȈ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓȈ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȊȖȕȒȖ ȘȈșȝȖȝȖȚȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖ-
ȌȍȚșȒȐ ȊșȗȓȍșȒȐȊȈȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȗȍȘȟȈȚȒȈȝ
— ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ Ȋșȍ șȔȍȠȕȖ Ȑ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ǺȖȟȕȖ ȕȈ ȕȍ-
ȖȉȐȚȈȍȔȖȔ ȖșȚȘȖȊȍ
ǫȖȓțȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȒȖȕ-
ȟȐȓȐșȤ ȥȚȐ ȘȣȌȈȕȐȧ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ț ȕȍȋȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȡȐȗȈȓȖ Ȋ
ȋȖȘȓȍ
— ǵț-ș ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȐȔșȧ ȒȈȒ ȌȖȔȈ ǷȖȔȖȋȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ
șȕȧȚȤ ȎȈȒȍȚȒț ǺȈȒ ǷȖȓȖȎȐȚȍ ȒțȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȕȈ ȊȈ-
ȠȐ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȣȍ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ǪȖȏȤȔȐȚȍ ȍȡȍ ȠȓȧȗȒț DzȈȒ ȊȈș ȏȖȊțȚ?
ǪȐȒȚȖȘ" ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȍșȚȤ Ȓțȏȍȕ ǪȐȒȚȖȘ Ȗȕ șȓțȎȐȚ Ȋ ȈȓȎȐȘșȒȐȝ
șȚȘȍȓȒȈȝ Ǩ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȖȊțȚ ǴȈȌȓȍȕ ǽȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȖȍ ȐȔȧ" ǺȍȗȍȘȤ
ȧ ȖȚ ȊȈș ȗȖȚȘȍȉțȦ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ țșȓțȋț ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ șȖȊșȍȔ ȔȖȒȘȣȍ
șȈȗȖȋȐ Ȑ ȟțȓȒȐ Ǫȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ Ȑȝ șȕȧȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍșȐȚȤ șțȠȐȚȤ
ǴȈȌȓȍȕ șȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌț șȊȧȏȖȒ ȌȍȓȖȊȣȝ ȉțȔȈȋ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȕț-
ȓȈ ȕȖȋȐ ǰ ǫȖȓțȈ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȝțȌȖȑ, ȒȈȒ ȗȈȓȒȈ ȕȍșȋȐȉȈȦȡȐȑ-
șȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ șȚȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȑ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȘȈș-
șȚȍȋȐȊȈȚȤ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȍ ȗțȋȖȊȒȐ ȌȈȔșȒȐȝ șȈȗȖȎȍȒ

61
DzȖȍ-ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ țȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ș ȥȚȖȑ ȚȘțȌȕȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȕțȒȈȍȔȣȑ ǴȈȌȓȍȕ
— ǹȒȖȘȍȑ Ȕȕȍ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ ȧ ȗȘȖșȚțȎțșȤ
ǶșȚȈȊȈȓȐșȤ ȟțȓȒȐ ȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȥȚȖȑ ȏȈȌȈȟȍȑ ǫȖȓțȈ ȗȘȧȔȖ
șȚȈȓ Ȋ ȚțȗȐȒ
ǴȈȌȓȍȕ șȈȔȈ ȗȖȔȖȋȓȈ ȍȔț ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȊ ȒȘȈȑ ȗȓȈȚȤȧ
— ǶȚșȚȍȋȕȐȚȍ ȚȈȔ
ǫȖȓțȈ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ ț ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȉȣȊȈȦȚ ȗȖȌ-
ȊȧȏȒȐ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȗțȚȈȧșȤ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ șțȝȐȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ Ȋ
ȒȘțȎȍȊȈȝ dessous*.
— ȇ ȕȍ ȕȈȝȖȎț ȗȖȌȊȧȏȖȒ — ȏȈȧȊȐȓ Ȗȕ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖ-
șȖȔ
— DzȈȒ Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȖȠț ȗȖȌȊȧȏȒȐ" ǬȈ Ȋȣ ș țȔȈ
șȖȠȓȐ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓȐ ș ǹȈȕȌȊȐȟȍȊȣȝ ȖșȚȘȖȊȖȊ" ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ Ȋȣ
ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏȌȍȊȈȍȚșȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ"
— ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ — ȔȘȈȟȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǫȖȓțȈ
ǴȈȌȓȍȕ ȕȈȋȕțȓȈșȤ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧ ȉȘȐȚȖȋȖ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒȈ ȒȈȒ
ȌȐȒȖȊȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȏȊȍȘȧ ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȋșȧ ȖȚȒȐȕțȓȈșȤ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȑ șțȘȖȊȣȑ
ȈȘȝȐȊ ȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ ȕȍțȌȍȘȎȐȔȣȔ ȏȈȝȓȍȉȣȊȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȝȖȝȖȚȖȔ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȟțȓȒȐ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȉȣȓȐ șȕȧȚȣ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ǫȖ-
ȓțȈ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȐ ȉȓȍȌȕȖ-ȘȖȏȖȊȣȍ ȕȖȋȐ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ
ȊȣȠȍ ȒȖȓȍȕȈ Ȗȕ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ șȍȉȧ țșȚȈȓȣȔ
Ȑ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȣȔ Ȉ ȗȖ șȗȐȕȍ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ șȚȘțȑȒȐ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȋȖ ȗȖȚȈ
ǴȈȌȓȍȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȓȈ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ țșȍȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȉțȔȈȋȈȝ ȗȖ-
ȚțȘȍȞȒȐ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȧ ȝȖȝȖȚȈȚȤ ǫȖȓțȈ ȘȈȏȊȍȠȐȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȌȓȐȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȌȈȔșȒȐȍ ȟțȓȒȐ ȕȈ ȠȒȈȜț ș șȍȒȘȍȚȕȣȔȐ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȈȔȐ
ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒ șȔȍȠȖȕ
ǵȖ șȒȖȘȖ ȕȈȌȖȍȓȖ șȐȌȍȚȤ ǷȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓȈ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȉȖșȐȒȖȔ.
ǷȖȓ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ
— ǹȕȐȔȐȚȍ ȊȈȠȐ ȠȚȐȉȓȍȚȣ Ȉ șȈȔȐ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȋ ȕȖș-
ȒȈȝ
— ǵȖ șțȌȈȘȣȕȧ ȔȖȑ ȘȍȊȔȈȚȐȏȔ
— ǷțșȚȧȒȐ ȗțșȚȧȒȐ ǩȖȋ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȖșȖȝȕțȚ ȔȖȐ ȟțȓ-
ȒȐ Ȑ șȈȗȖȋȐ
ǫȖȓțȈ șȕȧȓ ȠȚȐȉȓȍȚȣ Ȑ ȗȖȌȈȓ ǴȈȌȓȍȕ
* Ȼɟɥɶɟ ɮɪ.).

62
— ȇ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȖȉȍȘȕțȚȤ ȕȖȋȐ ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ
ȚȈȔ ȏȈ ȉțȔȈȋȈ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȍ" ǬȈȑȚȍ ȍȍ șȦȌȈ
— ǵȖ șțȌȈȘȣȕȧ ȥȚȖ șȍȒȘȍȚȕȣȑ ȌȖȒȓȈȌ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘț
— ǷțșȚȧȒȐ ȌȈȊȈȑȚȍ șȒȖȘȍȍ
ȀȚȐȉȓȍȚȣ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȐ Ȍȓȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ
ȕȖȎȍȒ ǴȈȌȓȍȕ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȠȓȍȗȈȓȈ ȐȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȒȖȚ Ȋ șȍȔȐȔȐȓȤȕȣȝ
șȈȗȖȋȈȝ ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ șȔȍȠȕȖ
— Ǩ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ Ȕȕȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȍșȚȤ
— Dz șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȦ șțȌȈȘȣȕȧ ȧ ȘȈșȗȖȓȈȋȈȓ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȘȈȉȖ-
ȚȈȚȤ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖ Ȑ ȕȍ Ȋȏȧȓ ș șȖȉȖȦ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ǶȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ Ȏȍ ȧ
ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȧȦ șȈȔ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒ ȕȈ șȗȐȘȚȖȊȖȑ ȋȖȘȍȓȒȍ
dzȐȟȐȒȖ ǴȈȌȓȍȕ ȏȈȚțȔȈȕȐȓȖșȤ ȕȖ ț ȕȍȍ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȉȓȍș-
ȕțȓȈ ȕȖȊȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ
— ȇ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȓȈ ȅȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋ șȊȍȘȚ-
Ȓȍ șȣȘȣȍ ȒȈȠȚȈȕȣ Ǵȣ Ȑȝ ȐșȗȍȟȍȔ ǵȍșȐȚȍ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȊȈȠț ȋȖ-
ȘȍȓȒț
— ȇ șȖȊȍȚȖȊȈȓ ȉȣ șțȌȈȘȣȕȧ ȗȍȟȤ Ȋ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ǺȈȔ
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȊȍȕȚȐȓȧȚȖȘ ǩțȌȍȚ ȏȈȗȈȝ
Ǫ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗțșȚȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȒȈȠȚȈȕȖȊ ǫȖȘȍȓȣȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ ǴȈȌȓȍȕ șȔȍȠȕȖ
șȔȖȘȡȐȚȤ ȕȖș ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋșȧ țȊȓȍȟȍȕȈ ȔȣșȓȤȦ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ
ȗȖȝȖȎȍ ȕȈ ȕȍȖȉȐȚȈȍȔȣȑ ȖșȚȘȖȊ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȍșȍȓȖ
ǶȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ șȗȐȘȚȈ Ȋ ȋȖȘȍȓȒȍ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ Ȉ ȉțȚȣȓȒȈ ȗț-
șȚȈȧ
DzȈȠȚȈȕȣ ȕȍ ȌȖȗȍȒȓȐșȤ
— Ǩȝ ȧ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȓȈ
ǰ șȉȍȋȈȊ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ǴȈȌȓȍȕ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȈ șȊȧȏȒț ȉț-
ȔȈȋ. ǩȣșȚȘȖ șȕȧȓȈ ȗȖȓȒț ȘȈșșȣȗȈȓȈ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȣ ȗȖ ȗȖȓț Ȑ
ȗȘȐșȍȊ șȚȈȓȈ ȎȍȟȤ Ȑȝ ȗȖȌ ȚȘȍȕȖȎȕȐȒȖȔ ȋȖȘȍȓȒȐ
ǫȖȓțȈ ș țȎȈșȖȔ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȌȖȕȍșȍȕȐȍ ș DzȘȐȚȈ ȚȈȑ-
ȕȣȝ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȝ ȈȋȍȕȚȖȊ Ȉ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗ
ȋȖȚȖȊȧȡȍȔșȧ ȒȖȕȜȓȐȒȚȍ ȔȍȎȌț ǫȘȍȞȐȍȑ Ȑ ǺțȘȞȐȍȑ Ȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȈȏȈȓ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȌȖȒȓȈȌ ǵȖ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȒȈȚȐȚ-
șȧ ȗȖ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȕȖȑ ȗȓȖșȒȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȉțȌȍȚ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȚȤ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȏȈ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍȔ
— ǷȖȎȈȓțȑȚȍ ȖȉȍȌȈȚȤ ȊȈȠȍ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ — ȠțȚ--
ȓȐȊȖ ȌȖȓȖȎȐȓȈ ǴȈȌȓȍȕ ȗȍȘȍȕȖșȧ ȋȖȚȖȊȣȍ ȒȈȠȚȈȕȣ Ȋ ȗȍȘ-
ȊțȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ǫȖȘȧȟțȦ ȏȈȒȖȗȟȍȕȕțȦ șȒȖȊȖȘȖȌț ȖȕȈ ȗȖșȚȈ-

63
ȊȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚțȦ ȒȖȗȐȘȖȊȈȓȤȕțȦ ȒȕȐȋț Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȕȈ Țț
șȚȘȈȕȐȞț ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚȚȐșȕțȚȖ ȒȖȕȜȐȌȍȕȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ
ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȈ
ǵȖ ǫȖȓțȈ ȉȣȓ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȣȉȐȚ Ȑȏ ȒȖȓȍȐ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ
ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȖ ȘȈșȒȘȈșȕȍȊȠȍȍșȧ ȎȍȕșȒȖȍ ȓȐȟȐȒȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȕȍȖȚ-
șȚțȗȕȖ șȚȖȧȓ ȔȐȔȖȓȍȚȕȣȑ ȖȉȘȈȏ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȉȓȍȌȕȖ-ȘȖȏȖ-
Ȋȣȝ ȕȖȋ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȕȈȔȐ ȒȘțȎȍȊ Ƕȕ țȋȘȦȔȖ Ȑ ȘȈȏȔȍ-
ȘȍȕȕȖ ȟȐșȚȐȓ ȒȈȠȚȈȕȣ Ȑ ȍȓ Ȑȝ ǴȈȌȓȍȕ ȋȘȣȏȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȓȖ-
ȌȈȧ ȉȍȓȒȈ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓȈ
— DzȈȒȈȧ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȤ
III
ǵȈȟȐȕȈȓȖ ȚȍȔȕȍȚȤ Ȑ ǴȈȌȓȍȕ șȌȍȓȈȓȈșȤ șȒțȟȕȖȑ
ǺȖșȒȈ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ Ȑ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǫȖȓțȈ DzȈȒ Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȖȎȐȚ ȔȐȕȐ-
șȚȘț Ȗ ȘȈȏȋȘȖȔȍ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȖȊ Ȋ ©șȍȒȘȍȚȕȖȔ ȖȚȌȍȓȍª" ǰ ȊȔȍ-
șȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȏȈȗȖȓȏȓȈ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈ ȏȈ șȍȉȧ Ȑ ȏȈ ȥȚț ȔȖȓȖȌțȦ ȝȖȘȖ-
ȠȍȕȤȒțȦ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ǪȖȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȈșȤ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȖ ȉț-
ȌȍȚ ȗțșȚȖȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȖȉȈ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȝ ȒȖȔȕȈ-
ȚȈȝ ȈȘȝȐȊȈ ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕȣ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȌȕțȦ șȔȍȘȚȤ
— ȇ ȝȖȟț ȗȐȚȤ
DzȈȒȖȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȟȚȖ șȦȌȈ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕ ȗȖȎȈȘȕȣȑ ȒȘȈȕ ȊȖȌȖ-
ȗȘȖȊȖȌȈ ǵȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȍȚ ȓȐ Ȗȕ" ǪȖȌȈ ȗȖȓȐȓȈșȤ ȚȖȕȒȖȑ ȏȈȝȓȍ-
ȉȣȊȈȦȡȍȑșȧ șȚȘțȑȒȖȑ Ȑ ȕȍ șȒȖȘȖ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȓȈ șȚȈȒȈȕ ǯȕȈ-
ȟȐȚ ȋȘȖȏȧȚ Ȑ ȔțȒȐ ȎȈȎȌȣ
ǴȈȌȓȍȕ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȘȐțȕȣȓȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȍȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȓȍȒ-
ȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȍȚ ǰ Ȋ șțȔȍȘȒȈȝ ȈȘȝȐȊȕȖȑ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȘȈȏȌȈȓȖșȤ ȎȍȕșȒȖȍ ȊșȝȓȐȗȣȊȈȕȐȍ
— ǹțȌȈȘȣȕȧ Ȋȣ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ țșȕțȓȐ ȉȣ" ǻȚȘȖȔ Ȋșȍ Ȋȣ-
ȧșȕȐȚșȧ
ǬȈ ȍșȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȐȚȈȍȚ țșȕțȚȤ
ǰȏ șȊȧȏȖȒ ȉțȔȈȋ Ȗȕ țșȚȘȖȐȓ ȓȖȎȍ Ȑ ȗȖȒȘȣȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȗȈ-
ȓȤȚȖ
— ǬȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȎȈȒȍȚ ȗȖȌ ȋȖȓȖȊț
ǹȈȔ ȗȘȐȓȍȋ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȏȈșȕțȓ ǴțȟȐȓȐ
ȔȣșȓȐ ȌȈ Ȑ ȕȖȋȐ ȏȈȕȣȓȐ

64
ǪșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȗȘȖȠȍȓșȧ
ǺȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ǴȈȌȓȍȕ țȎȍ șȓȣȠȈȓȖșȤ ȚȐȝȖȍ șȖȕȕȖȍ
ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ
— ǹȗȐȚ ȒȈȒ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ — ȕȍȎȕȖ ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ ǫȖȓțȈ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȑ ȍȋȖ șȚȈȓȖ ȒȓȖȕȐȚȤ ȒȖ șȕț ȘȍȊȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ
ȉȖȓȤ șȚȐȝȓȈ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ țȝȖȌȐȓȖ
—Ǩȑ Ȉȑ
ǶȚȟȈȧȕȕȣȑ ȒȘȐȒ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȓ ǫȖȓțȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ǴȈȌ-
ȓȍȕ
— Ǩȑ Ȉȑ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ" DzțșȈȍȚ
ǫȖȓțȈ ȏȈȎȍȋ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȊȖșȒȖȊțȦ șȗȐȟȒț ǹ ȓȖȎȈ ȗȘȣȋ-
ȕțȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȋȘțȏȕȖ ȠȓȍȗȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȗ ȗȖȓ ǭȡȍ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ǹȗȐȟ-
ȒȈ ȌȖȋȖȘȍȓȈ ȕȖ ȗȘȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȊșȗȣȠȒȍ ȉȓȍșȕțȓȐ ȏȓȣȍ
ȒȘȈșȕȖȊȈȚȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈ ȝȐȡȕȣȝ ȔȖȘȌȈȝ
ǬȈ șȦȌȈ ȗȘȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȒȘȣșȣ ȊȣȋȕȈȕȕȣȍ ȊȖȌȖȑ
Ȑȏ ȗȖȌȊȈȓȖȊ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȈ
ǫȖȓțȈ ȚȖȎȍ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȊ țȒțș Ȋ ȕȖȋț Ȑ șȉȘȖ-
șȐȓ ȚȖȓșȚȖȍ ȎȐȘȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȊȏȖȉȘȈȊȠȍȍșȧ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȤ
Ƕȕ ȏȈȎȍȋ ȊȚȖȘțȦ șȗȐȟȒț DzȘȣș ȉȣȓȖ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȖȕȐ
ȗȓȖȚȕȖȑ ȚȖȓȗȖȑ ȖșȒȈȓȐȊ ȏțȉȣ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȐ ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȓȦ-
ȌȍȑǫȖȓțȈ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ȗ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȍ Ƕȕ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȕȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ ș șȖ-
ȉȖȦ ȕȖ ȕȐ ȘȈȏț Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȍ ȗțșȒȈȓ Ȋ ȌȍȓȖ ǪȖȖȘțȎȐȚȤșȧ ȗȖ-
șȖȊȍȚȖȊȈȓ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ
— ǵȈ ȊȈș ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȏȈȊȍȌțȦȡȍȋȖ ȈȋȍȕȚțȘȖȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȉȣȚȤ șȌȍȓȈȕȖ ȗȖȒțȠȍȕȐȍ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȟȐȑ ȔȖȏȋ șȚȖȓȤ ȟțȎȌȣȑ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȗ ȜȐȏȐ-
ȟȍșȒȖȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ șȚȈȓ țșȐȓȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȓȐȞȖȔ șȔȍȘ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ
— ǴȈȌȓȍȕ ȊȖȏȤȔȐȚȍ șȗȐȟȒȐ Ȑ ȏȈȎȐȋȈȑȚȍ Ȑȝ ȖȌȕț ȏȈ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȑǫțȓȒȖ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓ Ȑ ȖȌȕȈ ȒȘȣșȈ ȏȈȊȍȘȚȍȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖ-
ȓț Ȋșȧ ȖȒȘȖȊȈȊȓȍȕȕȈȧ ǫȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ ȝȐȡȕȐȒȐ ȘȈșȚȍȘȏȈȓȐ ȍȍ Ȋ
ȖȌȕȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ǬȘțȋȐȍ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȈȒȎȍ țȌȈȟȕȣ ȕȖ
ț ǫȖȓțȈ ȊșȍȋȖ ȠȍșȚȤ ȗȈȚȘȖȕȖȊ ǪȣȗțșȚȐȓ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ
— ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ șȗȐȟȍȒ — Ȋ țȎȈșȍ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ ǴȈȌ-
ȓȍȕDzȘȣșȣ șȍȑȟȈș ȉȘȖșȧȚșȧ ǫȖȓțȈ ȏȈȎȔțȘȐȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȝȖȚȧ Ȋșȍ

65
ȘȈȊȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȊȖȞȈȘȐȊȠȍȑșȧ ȚȤȔȍ
_____
ǬȊȍȘȤ ©șȍȒȘȍȚȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȧª ș ȋȘȖȝȖȚȖȔ ȖȚȊȖȘȐȓȈșȤ
ǶșȓȍȗȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ-ȧȘȒȐȍ ȓțȟȐ ȊȖȘȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ǰșȗțȋȈȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȒȘȣșȣ ȘȈȏȉȍȎȈȓȐșȤ ȕȖ ǫȖȓțȈ ȗȖȝȖȓȖȌȍȓ ȖȚ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ țȎȈ-
șȈ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ șȚȖȧȓ șȈȔ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȈ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȍ-
Ȕȣȑ șȚȖȘȖȎȍȔ ǮȖȏȍȜȖȔ Ȑ ȖȚȘȧȌȖȔ ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒȐȝ ș ȥȓȍȒ-
ȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȜȖȕȈȘȧȔȐ
— DzȈȒ Ȋȣ ȏȌȍșȤ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǫȖȓțȈ"
ǵȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ ȏȈȗȕțȓșȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȗȖȘȈȏȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ǵȈ ȋȘțȌȍ șȍȒȘȍȚȕȣȝ ȌȖȕȍșȍȕȐȑ șȐȌȍȓȈ ȗȖȌȎȈȊ ȕȖ-
ȋȐ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ǩȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȘȈȏ-
ȊȍȠȈȕȕȣȍ ȌȈȔșȒȐȍ ȟțȓȒȐ Ȑ ȗȈȘȈ șȈȗȖȎȍȒ ǫȖȓțȈ, ȉȍȏ ȗȐȌ-
ȎȈȒȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȖȌȕȐȝ ȕȖșȒȈȝ, ȊȕțȠȈȓ șȈȔȣȍ țȎȈșȕȣȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȧ
— ǺȈȒ ȊȖȚ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȦȚșȧ ȊȈȠȐ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȕȣȍ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȧ,
ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǫȖȓțȈ ȇ ȗȘȐȉȣȓ șȦȌȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ țȉȍȌȐȚȤșȧ ȓȐȟȕȖ ȕȍ
ȋȘȖȏȐȚ ȓȐ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ȖȚ ȊȖȌȣ ©șȍȒȘȍȚȕȖȔț ȖȚȌȍȓțª Ȉ Ȋȣ
Ȋȣ ȔȐȓȖșȚȐȊȣȑ ȋȖșțȌȈȘȤ ȖȉȔȈȕțȊ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȤșȚȊȈ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ ȏȌȍșȤ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ǷȖȚȘțȌȐȚȍșȤ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȟȐșȚȐȚȤ
ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȊȈȠȍȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȞȍȑ Ǩ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȧ ȎȌț ȊȈ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȠȍȕȐȧ Ȗȉ ȖȚșȚȈȊȒȍ
ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȈ ȒȘțȚȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ țȠȍȓ ǰ Ȋ ȗȍȘ-
Ȋȣȑ ȘȈȏ șȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȋȖ ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ ǫȖȓțȈ ȏȈȘȣȌȈȓ Ȑ ȗȖȓȐ-
ȞȍȑșȒȐȔ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȓȈȟȍȚ Ȉ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȖ
ȊȖȍȚ Ȑ ȓȈȍȚ ȐȏȉȐȚȈȧ șȖȉȈȒȈ
ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȧȔ ǫȖȓțȈ Ȑ ȖșȚȈ-
ȊȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ șȓțȎȉȍ ǻȏȕȈȊ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ ȌȖȕȍșȍȕȐȑ ș DzȘȐ-
ȚȈ Ȗȕ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȊ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȣȍ
ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ
— ǬȈ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȌȘțȋ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊȍȌțȚ ȔțȎȟȐȕț Ȓ
ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȦ Ȑ Ȋȣ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚȍ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȌȍȓȈ
ǵȖ ǫȖȓțȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓ țȎȍ ȕȈ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȋȖ ǫȖȓțȈ Ǫ ȗȖșȗȍ-
ȠȕȖȔ ȉȍȋșȚȊȍ Ȑȏ ȈȘȝȐȊȈ Ȗȕ ȕȍ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȕȐ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȐ ȕȐ ȈȌ-
ȘȍșȈ ǴȈȌȓȍȕ Ǩ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȖȉȘȈȏ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȖȑ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕȣ ȍȍ ȓȐȟȐȒȖ ȍȍ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȉȓȍȌȕȖ-ȘȖȏȖȊȣȍ ȕȖȋȐ ȕȍ

ȗȖȒȐȌȈȦȚ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒȈ Ȑ Ȋ țȠȈȝ ȍȋȖ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ șȓȣ-
ȠȈȚșȧ ȏȈȌȖȘȕȣȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ șȔȍȝ Ȑ ȥȚȐ ȊȖșȒȓȐȞȈȕȐȧ ©Ǩȝ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȑ Ȋȣ șȔȍȠȕȖȑª
ǫȖȓțȈ ȝȖȌȐȚ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȈȔ ǷȈȘȐȎȈ țȎȍ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȚ
ȔțȚȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȕ ǹȍȕȣ Ȑ ǴȈȘȕȣ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȍȚ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ
țȎȈșȕȣȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȧ ȕȈȊȖȌȕȍȕȐȧ Ƕȕ ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤ-
ȕȖ Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȖȍ ȎȍȕșȒȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȊȖȓȕțȍȚșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ-
ȝȖȌȐȚ șȝȖȌșȚȊȖ ș ǴȈȌȓȍȕ
ǰ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȊȕȖȊȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȚȤ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȖ șȓțȎȉȍ

67
ǿdzǺdzǷǻǼdz ǿȅǮǿȀȊdz
I
ǺȘȈțȉȍȘȋ ȗȖ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȦ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ș ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ Ȋ 6 ȟȈ-
șȖȊ țȚȘȈ ǬȍȕȤ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȘȈșȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕ Ȑ ȏȈ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ
Ȗȕ ȕȐ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȐȏȔȍȕȧȓ ȘȈȏ ȏȈȊȍȌȍȕȕȖȔț ȗȖȘȧȌȒț ǹȗȈȓ Ȋșȍ-
ȋȌȈ ȖȌȐȕ ȉȍȏ Ȏȍȕȣ ȕȈ ȎȍșȚȒȖȑ ȒȖȑȒȍ Ȑ ȊșȚȈȊȠȐ ȗȘȐȕȐ-
ȔȈȓ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȌțȠ
ǷȖȟȚȐ ȟȈș țȗȘȈȎȕȧȓșȧ ș ȋȐȔȕȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȋȐȘȧȔȐ ȗȖ-
ȒȈ ȕȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȓȍȋȒȖȑ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȐșȗȈȘȐȕȣ Ȋ Țȍȓȍ
ǹȈȔ ȊȈȘȐȓ ȒȖȜȍ ȕȈ șȗȐȘȚȖȊȖȑ ȋȖȘȍȓȒȍ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖș-
ȗȍȊȈȓ șȚȈȊȐȓ ȒȈșȚȘȦȓȤȒț ȒȐȗȧȚȐȓ ȊȖȌț Ȑ ȖȗțșȒȈȓ Ȋ ȕȍȍ ȚȘȐ
ȧȑȞȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ șȕȍșȍȕȕȣȝ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȒțȘȈȔȐ Ƕ ȒțȘȈȝ
ȒȖȘȖȊȍ Ȑ șȊȐȕȤȧȝ ȏȈȉȖȚȐȓȈșȤ șȚȈȘȈȧ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȈȧ ȗȘȐșȓțȋȈ
ǨȔȈȓȐȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȜȘȈț ǺȘȈțȉȍȘȋ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȏȈȕȧȚȈ
ȌȍȚȤȔȐ Ȑ Ȓțȝȕȍȑ
ȇȑȞȈ ȊȈȘȐȓȐșȤ ȊșȔȧȚȒț ǺȘȈțȉȍȘȋ ȕȈȔȈȏȣȊȈȓ șȓȐȊȖȟȕȣȔ
ȔȈșȓȖȔ ȌȊȈ ȒțșȒȈ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȝȓȍȉȈ Ȑ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȈȓ ǪȣȗȐȊ ȒȖȜȍ
Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓ Ȓ ȖȒȕț șȊȖȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȖȚȊȖȘȧȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑ șȈȌȐȓșȧ ș
ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȚȘțȉȒȖȑ
ǶȚșȦȌȈ ș ȋȖȘȣ ȍȔț ȉȣȓ ȊȐȌȍȕ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊȍșȤ ȋȖȘȖȌ ǿȐș-
ȚȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȌȖȔȐȒȐ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȕȣȍ șȈȌȈȔȐ șȗțșȒȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖ șȒȈȚț
ȘȍȒȐ ȌȍȓȈȊȠȍȑ ȏȌȍșȤ ȒȘțȚȖȑ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚ
Ǩ ȕȈ ȚȖȔ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȊȣșȐȓșȧ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ șȖȉȖȘ Ȑ ȎȍȓȚȖȑ ȕȐ-
ȚȤȦ ȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȒȈȏȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ ǹȓȍȊȈ — ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ șȈȌ
ș ȊȍȒȖȊȣȔȐ ȌțȉȈȔȐ Ȑ ȓȐȗȈȔȐ ȚȖȕțȓ Ȋ ȏȍȓȍȕȐ ǹȗȘȈȊȈ ȗȖȟ-
ȚȐ ȖȒȖȓȖ șȈȔȖȑ ȘȍȒȐ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȓȐșȤ ȒȈȏȈȘȔȣ ȒȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȒȈ
Ȑ ǺȘȈțȉȍȘȋț ȖȚșȦȌȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȊȣȊȖȌȧȚ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ șȖȓ-
ȌȈȚȣ ȗȖȧȚ Ȑȝ ȟȐșȚȧȚ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȈȎȐȊȈȦȚ
ǯȈ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔ ȒȊȈȌȘȈȚȖȔ șȈȌȈ ȉȍȓȍȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȌȖȔ Ȑ ǺȘȈț-
ȉȍȘȋ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȦȘȤȔȈ ȋȌȍ șȖȚȕȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ
șȐȌȍȓȐ ȏȈ ȘȍȠȍȚȒȖȑ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȋȖȓțȉȖȍ ȕȍȉȖ ȕȍ ș ȘȈȌȖ-
șȚȤȦ Ȑ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȖȑ Ȉ ș ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȐȧȔȐ
ǬțȠȐșȚȣȑ ȚȈȉȈȟȕȣȑ ȌȣȔ ȊȐȓșȧ ȒȖȓȤȞȈȔȐ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ șȊȍȚ-

ȓȣȝ ȋțșȚȣȝ țșȖȊ Ȑ țȓȍȚȈȓ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ ȗȖȌȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȓȍȋȒȐȔ țȚ-
ȘȍȕȕȐȔ ȊȍȚȍȘȒȖȔ
Ǫ ȌțȠȍ ǺȘȈțȉȍȘȋȈ ȞȈȘȐȓȐ ȔȐȘ Ȑ ȗȖȒȖȑ Ȑ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ Ȑș-
ȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȓȋȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ
ǿțȌȕȈȧ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ țȔȐȓȧȓȈ
ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȉțȌȐȓȈ Țȍȗȓȣȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ
Ȁȍȓ Ȋ șȗȈȓȤȕȦ Ȏȍȕȣ ȏȕȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ țȎȍ ȗȘȖșȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ
ȊȖȏȐȚșȧ ș ȌȍȚȤȔȐ
Ǫ șȗȈȓȤȕȍ Ȑ șȖșȍȌȕȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ — ȌȍȚșȒȖȑ — ȉȣȓȖ ȚȍȗȓȖ
Ȑ ȌțȠȕȖ ǼȘȈț ǺȘȈțȉȍȘȋ șȐȌȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ Ȋ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȑ ȉȓț-
ȏȍ Ȑ ȒȖȘȔȐȓȈ ȋȘțȌȤȦ ȘȖȏȖȊȖȋȖ ȗțȝȓȖȋȖ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ
DzȘȈșȐȊȈȧ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ șȍȘȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȖȕȈ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȚȐȓȈ ȔțȎȈ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ǸȍȉȍȕȖȒ țșȓȣȝȈȊ ȠțȔ ȠȈȋȖȊ ȉȘȖșȐȓ
ȋȘțȌȤ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȘȈșȒȘȣȊ ȉȍȏȏțȉȣȑ ȘȖȚ ȈȋțȒȕțȓ
— ǹȔȖȚȘȐ ǼȘȐȞ Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ țȏȕȈȊȈȚȤ Țȍȉȧ ǺȈȒȖȑ țȔȕȣȑ
ǵȐ ǫȈȕș ȕȐ DzȈȘȖȓȐȕȝȍȕ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȚȈȒ șȒȖȘȖ ǷȖȌț-
ȔȈȑ ȍȔț ȊȍȌȤ ȊșȍȋȖ ȊȖșȤȔȖȑ ȔȍșȧȞ
— ǬȈ Ȑȏ ǼȘȐȞȈ ȊȣȑȌȍȚ ȚȖȓȒ Ƕȕ ȉțȌȍȚ ȌȖȉȘȣȑ șȖȓȌȈȚ
ǼȘȈț ǺȘȈțȉȍȘȋ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȒȐ-
ȌȣȊȈȚȤ ȊȊȍȘȝ șȔȍȠȕȖ ȘȈȏȌțȊ ȡȍȒȐ Ȑ ȖȚȚȖȗȣȘȐȊ ȗȖȓȕȣȍ
ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȋțȉȣ
— ǺȘț-Țț-Țț ǺȘț-Țț-Țț ǹȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȗȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȗȖȝȖȌ ǩȈȘȈ-
ȉȈȕȣ ȉȤȦȚ ȔțȏȣȒȈ ȐȋȘȈȍȚ ǺȘț-Țț-Țț!
ǸȍȉȍȕȖȒ șȖȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȋțȒȈȓ Ȑ ȗțșȒȈȓ șȓȦȕȐ
ǺȘȈțȉȍȘȋ șȖ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕțȦ
șȍȔȍȑȕțȦ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț
Ǩ Ȋ șȖșȍȌȕȍȑ ȌȍȚșȒȖȑ țȎȍ ȗȘȖșȕțȓȐșȤ ȌȊȖȍ șȚȈȘȠȐȝ Ȍȍ-
Țȍȑ Ȑ țșȓȣȝȈȊ ȟȚȖ ȔȈȚȤ ȕȈȗȍȊȈȍȚ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȈȘȠ ȊȣȉȍȎȈ-
ȓȐ Ȋ ȖȌȕȐȝ ȘțȉȈȠȖȕȒȈȝ ǫȈȕș țșȗȍȓ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ ȐȋȘțȠȍȟȕȖȍ
ȘțȎȤȍ Ȉ DzȈȘȖȓȐȕȝȍȕ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȔȍȚȍȓȒȖȑ Ȑ ȖȉȈ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȎȐȊ ȖȘțȎȐȍ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȐ șȚȈȓȐ ȔȈȘȠȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȌȗȍȊȈȧ ȔȈ-
ȚȍȘȐ
— ǺȘț-Țț-Țț ǺȘț-Țț-Țț
ǺȘȈțȉȍȘȋ ȓȦȉȖȊȈȓșȧ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȔȐ ȒȘȈșȕȖȡȍȒȐȔȐ ȌȍȚȤȔȐ
Ȑ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȑ ȗȖȓȕȖȋȘțȌȖȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȤȦ Ȑ ȗȖ ȡȍȒȍ ȍȋȖ șȉȍȎȈȓȈ
șȓȍȏȈ ȗȖȊȐșȕțȊ ȕȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȔ șȊȍȚȓȖȔ țșȍ
_____

69
II
ǹȍȔȐȓȍȚȕȐȑ ǫȈȕș ȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ Ȓ ȖȚȞț ȗȘȐȍȏȎȈȓȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ-
ȚȖ ȓȦȌȐ ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ Ȋ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍȔ ȔțȕȌȐȘȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȏȈȐȕȚȍ-
ȘȍșȖȊȈȓ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ǵȖ ǺȘȈțȉȍȘȋ Ȑ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȐ ȏȈȗȍȘȓȐșȤ Ȋ
ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ Ȉ ȔȈȚȤ țȊȍȓȈ ǫȈȕșȈ Ȋ șȈȌ Ȑ ȚȈȔ ȊȍȓȍȓȈ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ ȊȔȍ-
șȚȍ ș DzȈȘȖȓȐȕȝȍȕ. ǹȈȔȈ ȖȕȈ șȐȌȍȓȈ ȕȈ șȈȌȖȊȖȔ ȌȐȊȈȕȟȐȒȍ Ȑ
ȚȐȝȖ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȈ ȊȏȈȌ Ȑ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȒȖȓȧșȖȟȒț Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȖȌ ȒȐ-
șȍȑȕȣȔ ȗȖȓȖȋȖȔ șȗȈȓ ǼȘȐȞ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȓȚȖȘȈ ȟȈșȈ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȓ șȍȔȤȍ șȈȔ ǺȘȈțȉȍȘȋ dzȐȞȖ
ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȘȖȋȖ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȓȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ
ǫȈȕș ȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȓ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȐ ȕȖ ȌȖ șȓțȝȈ ȍȋȖ
ȌȖȓȍȚȍȓȐ șȓȖȊȈ
— ȅȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȣȋȖȌȕȖ
Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȔȈȚȤ șȚȈȓȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȗ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȝ ȗȖ-
ȒțȗȒȈȝ Ȑ ȖȚȍȞ ȒȐȊȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȋ ȏȕȈȒ șȖȋȓȈșȐȧ
ǺțȚ ȖȉȈ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȌȍȚȧȔ Ȑ ȜȘȈț ǺȘȈțȉȍȘȋ ȘȈșșȔȍȧ-
ȓȈșȤ Ȑ șȚȈȓȈ ȠȍȗȚȈȚȤ ȕȈ țȝȖ ȔțȎț
— ǵț ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ǺȘȈțȉȍȘȋ. — Ǻȣ ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȠȤ Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ ț șȖșȍȌȍȑ ȌȍȚșȒȐȑ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕ"
— ǬȈ
ǰ ǫȈȕș ȌȖȋȈȌȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȐȌȍȚ Ȗ ȗȖȒțȗȒȍ ȐȋȘțȠȍȒ Ȑ șȍ-
ȘȌȞȍ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȖ ȖȚ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȕȍțȎȍȓȐ ȖȚȍȞ ȒțȗȐȚ ȥȚț ȒȘȈ-
șȐȊțȦ ȠȚțȒț ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ șȖșȍȌșȒȐȍ ȌȍȚȐ ȏȈȊȖȌȧȚ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȓȍȚȈȍȚ,
ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȧ ȒȘțȋȐ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ"
dzȐȞȖ ǺȘȈțȉȍȘȋȈ șȚȈȓȖ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȔ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȚȊȍȘ-
ȌȖȑ ȗȖȝȖȌȒȖȑ ȌȖȔȖȑ
ǫȈȕș ȓȦȉȐȓ Ȑ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȖȚȞȈ ǶȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȘȖșȚ, ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ Ȏȍȓ-
Țȣȍ țșȣ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ șȍȘȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ ȕȈȊȣȒȈȚȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȐȏȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ȗȖȌȈȊȓȧȦȡȍȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ
ǿȍȔ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ ȥȚȖȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ ǫȈȕș
ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ Ȉ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȚȤ ȕȍ șȔȍȓ ǵȖ ȍȔț ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ Ȍȍ-
ȓȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ ȚȈȒȖȍ Ȏȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȒȈȒ șȈȔ Ȑ ȔȈ-
ȓȤȟȐȒ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȟȚȖ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȣȘȈșȚȍȚ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȒȈȒ
ȗȈȗȈ
Dz ȊȍȟȍȘț ǫȈȕșȈ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȈ șțȍȚȕȧ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ǴȈȚȤ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȔȖ-
ȡȐ ǨȔȈȓȐȐ țȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓȈ ȖȚȞȖȊșȒȐȑ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕ Ȑ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȖȘ-

70
ȏȐȕț Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȈ șȊȍȘȚȒȐ ș ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȊȒțșȕȣȔ Ȑ ȉț-
ȚȣȓȒț ȊȐȕȈ ǺȘȈțȉȍȘȋ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȊȖȏȐȓșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ Ȑ Ȋȣ-
Ƞȍȓ, ȖȌȍȚȣȑ ȗȖ-ȌȖȘȖȎȕȖȔț Ȋ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȔ ȕȐȎȍ ȒȖȓȍȕ ȗȈȓȤ-
ȚȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȞȐȓȐȕȌȘȍ ǫȈȕșț ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȚȍȞ ȊȣȘȖș ȍȡȍ
ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȊȍȓȐȒȈȕȈ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈ
ȍȔț Ȋ șȒȈȏȒȍ șȚȈȘȈȧ ǨȔȈȓȐȧ ǰ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ ȉȖȧȚȤșȧ
Ȑ ȓȦȉȐȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ ȔțȎȟȐȕț
ǪȖȚ Ȗȕ ȕȈȋȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ DzȈȘȖȓȐȕȝȍȕ
ȕȖ ȌȍȊȖȟȒț ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȌțȝ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȏȈȊȐȏȎȈȓȈ
ǨȔȈȓȐȧ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓȈ ȍȔț Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȞȍȓțȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ǼȘȐȞȈ ǰ
ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȐ șȈȔȐ ȗȖȗȘȖȡȈȓȐșȤ. ǺȘȈțȉȍȘȋ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȖȋȘȈ-
ȕȐȟȐȚȤșȧ ȗȖȞȍȓțȍȔ Ȋ ȓȖȉ ȕȖ ȎȍȕȈ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȖȉȕȧȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȠȍȦ
ȗȖȓȕȣȔȐ ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȌȖ ȗȓȍȟ ȖȚ șȒȈȚȐȊ-
ȠȐȝșȧ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȝ ȘțȒȈȊȖȊ ȉȓțȏȣ
ǷȘȖȊȖȎȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȕȈ ȒȘȣȓȤȞȖ ǺȘȈțȉȍȘȋ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓ Ȑ ǫȈȕș
Ȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȖȒȕȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ șȍȓ ȕȈ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ Ȑ țȔȟȈȓ-
șȧ Ȋ ȒȓțȉȈȝ ȗȣȓȐ Ȑ ȉȍȕȏȐȕȕȣȝ ȗȈȘȖȊ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȌȖȓȍ-
ȚȈȓ Ȑ șȦȌȈ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț
ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȖȓȤȏțȧșȤ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍȔ ȔțȎȈ ȜȘȈț
ǺȘȈțȉȍȘȋ țȉȐȘȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȊȣȉȐȊȈȓȈ ȗȣȓȤ ȔȣȓȈ ȟȐș-
ȚȐȓȈ
ǫȈȕș ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖ șȚȖȧȓ ț ȖȒȕȈ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȚȐȓȈȊ-
ȠȐȑșȧ ȊȐȌ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ Ȑ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȝ ȗȖȓȍȑ
— ǴȈȔȈ — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ ȖȉȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ — ȒțȌȈ țȍȝȈȓ ȗȈȗȈ"
ǼȘȈț ǺȘȈțȉȍȘȋ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ Ȑ ȐșȗȣȚțȦȡȍ Ȗȋȓȧȕț-
ȓȈ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ǴȈȚȍȘȐȕșȒȐȔ ȟțȚȤȍȔ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȕȧȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȈ ȔȈ-
ȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȒȈ ȕȈȌ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ țȗȖȘȕȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ. ǰ ȌȈȎȍ ȔȍȎ-
Ȍț ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȉȘȖȊȖȒ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȌȒȖȔ ȉȍȓȖȔ ȓȉț ȗȘȖȘȍȏȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȒȈ
— Ƕȕ ȗȖȍȝȈȓ ȔȐȓȣȑ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȋȖ-
ȘȖȌ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ ȊȍȘȕȍȚșȧ
— ǯȈȟȍȔ ȗȖȍȝȈȓ ȗȈȗȈ"
— ǯȈ ȐȋȘțȠȒȈȔȐ — ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓȈ țșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤ ȔȈȚȤ — Ȗȕ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȍȏȍȚ ȔȕȖȋȖ-ȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȝ ȐȋȘțȠȍȒ Ȑ Țȍȉȍ Ȑ DzȈȘȖȓȐȕ-
ȝȍȕ
— ǨȥȘȖȗȓȈȕ"
— ǬȈ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȒȘȈșȐȊțȦ ȓȖȠȈȌȒț ǰ ȍȡȍ ȒȐȘȈșț Ȑ ȒȈșȒț Ȑ
ȌȓȐȕȕțȦ-ȌȓȐȕȕțȦ șȈȉȓȦ Ǻȣ ȖȌȍȕȍȠȤșȧ Ȑ ȉțȌȍȠȤ șȖȊșȍȔ

71
ȊȖȍȕȕȣȔ ǺȘț-Țț-Țț ǺȘț-Țț-Țț
— Ǩ ȚȘțȉț Ȗȕ ȒțȗȐȚ" ȇ ȝȖȟț ȐȋȘȈȚȤ ȏȖȘȦ
— DzțȗȐȚ Ȑ ȚȘțȉț
ǵȖ ȔȈȚȤ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȕȈȏȖȑȓȐȊȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ ȕȍ Ȗș-
ȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ǫȈȕșȈ Ƕȕ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ
— ǴȈȔȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȎȐ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȗȈȓȈȟ"
ǼȘȈț ǺȘȈțȉȍȘȋ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȧȘȒȖ ȉȓȍșȕțȓȈ
ȔȖȓȕȐȧ Ȑ Ȋșȧ ȖȕȈ șȖȚȘȧșȓȈșȤ ȖȚ țȌȈȘȈ ǶȕȈ ȗȘȐȔȐȘȐȓȈșȤ
șȎȐȓȈșȤ ș țȎȈșȖȔ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȍȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ǫȈȕșȈ șȓȐ-
ȠȒȖȔ ȗȖȌȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȑ
ȘȈȏȔȍȘȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ șȓȖȊȈȝ Ȑ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȈȝ ǹȚȈȘȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȑ
ȥȚȖ șȗȈșȈȓȖ ǰ ǨȔȈȓȐȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ șȓȖȊȖȔ ȕȍ ȖȉȔȖȓȊȐȚșȧ ȝȖ-
ȌȐȚ ȏȈ ȗȚȐȞȍȑ Ȑ șȒȖȚȖȔ ȉțȌȚȖ șȓțȎȐȚ ț ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȟȐ-
ȕȖȊȕȐȒȈ ȐȓȐ ȏȈȎȐȚȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȉȦȘȋȍȘȈ ǶȚ ȌȍȚȍȑ Ȗȉȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ
șȒȘȣȊȈȓȐ
— ǿȚȖ Țȣ șȒȈȏȈȓ ǫȈȕș"
— ȇ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ ȔȈȔȈ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȗȈȓȈȟ"
— ǶȚ ȒȖȋȖ Țȣ șȓȣȠȈȓ"
— Ǵȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ țȚȘȖȔ șȖșȍȌșȒȐȑ ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔ
ǼȘȈț ǺȘȈțȉȍȘȋ ȕȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȈ șȓȖȊ
— ȅȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒȈȧ șȓțȎȉȈ — ȞȍȗȓȧȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ ȏȈ ȕȈȌȍȎȌț
ȟȚȖ șȣȕ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ
— ǵȍȗȘȈȊȌȈ — ȘȍȏȒȖ ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ — ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȈȓȈȟ ȊȍȠȈȍȚ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǹȚȈȊȧȚșȧ ȌȊȈ șȚȖȓȉȈ Ȉ șȊȍȘȝț
ȗȍȘȍȒȓȈȌȐȕȈ Ǩ ș ȗȍȘȍȒȓȈȌȐȕȣ șȗțșȒȈȍȚșȧ ȗȍȚȓȧ Ȑ ȚțȌȈ ȗȈ-
ȓȈȟ șțȍȚ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȑ ȚȖȓȒȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ ǰ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȖȊȐșȕȍȚ
Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ țȔȐȘȈȍȚ ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔ Ȋșȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ.
ǭȔț 11 ȓȍȚ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȟȐȚȈȍȚ ȒȕȐȋȐ Ȑ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ Ƕȕ ȌȈȎȍ ȒțȘȐȚ Ȑ ȕȈ-
țȟȐȓșȧ ȗțșȒȈȚȤ ȒȖȓȤȞȈ
ǴȈȚȤ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȧ ȖȕȈ ȏȈșȚȣȓȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȎȈȘȒȖȔ ȓȍȚ-
ȕȍȔ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȍȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȌȘȖȎȤ ȗȘȖȉȍȋȈȓȈ ȗȖ șȗȐȕȍ
Ȑ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȎȐȔȈȓȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ
— ǬȈ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ — Ȑ ȍȡȍ ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔ șȒȈȏȈȓ,
ȟȚȖ ȔȖȑ ȗȈȗȈ ȗȈȓȈȟ Ȑ ȗȖȍȝȈȓ ȊȍȠȈȚȤ
ǰșȚȐȕȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ǹȖȓȋȈȚȤ ȘȍȉȍȕȒț ȕȍȓȤȏȧ Ƕȕ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚ
ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔț ȟȍȔ ȍȑ ǵȈȌȖ șȗȈșȚȐ ȝȖȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
— ǷȈȗȈ ȊȍȠȈȍȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȏȓȣȝ Ȑ ȌțȘȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȌȍȓȈȦȚ Ȋșȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȒȊȍȘȕȖȍ Ȑ țȉȐȊȈȦȚ ȌȘțȋȐȝ

ǶȕȐ țȉȐȊȈȦȚ Ȑ ȏȈ ȚȖ Ȑȝ ȊȍȠȈȦȚ
ǰ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȜȘȈț ǺȘȈțȉȍȘȋ ȎȐȓȈ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȋȌȍ ȊȘȈȎ-
ȌțȦȚ ȕȍȔȞȣ șȖ șȓȈȊȧȕȈȔȐ ȖȕȈ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓȈ
— ǷȈȗȈ ȊȍȠȈȍȚ ȗȖȓȧȒȖȊ
— ǵȍȔȞȍȊ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȊȍȠȈȍȚ" — ȗȣȚȓȐȊȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ
ǼȘȈț ǺȘȈțȉȍȘȋ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȊȖȗȘȖȠȈȦȡȍȋȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
ȌȈ ȕȈȐȊȕȣȝ ȌȍȚșȒȐȝ ȋȓȈȏ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ șȖȓȋȈȚȤ
ǶȕȈ ȖȗțșȚȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕ Ȑ ȋȖȘȤȒȖ-ȋȖȘȤȒȖ ȏȈȘȣȌȈȓȈ

73
ǴǶǰǮȍ ǶǹǶ ȀǾȁǽ"
ȌȞȖȒȖȥȓȟȘȎȭ ȕȎȑȎȒȘȎ
I
ǵȐȕț ǩȈȝȘțȠȐȕț Ȋ ȒȘțȋț ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȝ șȟȐȚȈȓȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȒȘȈ-
șȈȊȐȞȍȑ ǩȓȖȕȌȐȕȒȈ ș ȕȍȎȕȣȔ ȖȊȈȓȖȔ ȓȐȞȈ ș ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ Ȑ ȚȍȔȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓȈ ȟȈȘțȦ-
ȡȍȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓȈșȤ
ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍȔ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋȍșȍ-
ȓȈ ȎȐȏȕȍȘȈȌȖșȚȕȈ ǵȖ ș ȊȖșȍȔȕȈȌ-
ȞȈȚȐ ȓȍȚ ț ȕȍȑ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȓȈșȤ șȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȤ șȚȈȊȐȊȠȈȧ Ȋ ȚțȗȐȒ ȊȘȈ-
ȟȍȑ ǩȍȏȖ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȊȐȌȐȔȖȑ ȗȘȐȟȐ-
ȕȣ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ șȓȈȉȖșȚȤ,
ȗȖȓȕȣȑ țȗȈȌȖȒ șȐȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȑ ȖȉȔȖȘȖȒ ǯȈȚȍȔ
ȕȈșȚțȗȈȓȈ șȗȧȟȒȈ ȌȓȐȊȠȈȧșȧ șțȚ-
ȒȐ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȒȈ ǵȐȕȈ ȟțȊșȚ-
ȊȖȊȈȓȈ șȍȉȧ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑ
ȘȈȕȤȠȍ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȐȓȈ ȟȚȖ ș
ȕȍȦ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ǹȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ȗȘȐș-
Țțȗȣ ȥȚȖȑ ȘȍȌȒȖȑ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘțȦ ȔȍȌȐȒȐ ȕȍ țȔȍȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈȏ-
ȊȈȚȤ șȚȈȓȐ ȟȈȡȍ ȖȉȔȖȘȖȒ Ȑ șȗȧȟ-
ȒȈ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȍȑ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȖșȖȉȖ șȐȓȤȕȖȋȖ
ȗȘȐȗȈȌȒȈ ȉȖȓȤȕȈȧ țȎ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ
ȗȘȖșȣȗȈȓȈșȤ ǪșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȍ ȊȖȏȉțȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ ȕȍ ȌȈ-
ȓȐ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȈ ǮȐȏȕȤ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȍ
ȔȖȓȖȌȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ Ȑ șȖȕ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȕȖ ȊȍȘȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ șȔȍȘȚȤ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȐ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ș ȎȐȏȕȤȦ
ȗȖȒȖȕȟȍȕ ȘȈșȟȍȚ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȘțȗȕȣȝ ȗȧȚȍȕ Ȑ ȏȈȗȈȝȈ

74
șȔȍȘȚȐ ȕȖ ȚȍȓȖ ȖȒȖȟȍȕȍȓȖ ȚȍȔȗȍȘȈȚțȘȈ ȖȗțșȚȐȓȈșȤ ȕȐȎȍ
ȗȘȍȌȍȓȈ Ǫ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ țȌȖșȚȖȊȍȘȍȕȖ ȖȔȍȘȚȊȍȕȐȍ DzȘȖȊȤ ȕȍ ȠȓȈ
Ȑȏ ȗȖȘȍȏȈ DzȖȕșȐȓȐțȔ ȊȘȈȟȍȑ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȋȖȓȖș ȘȍȠȐȓ ȟȚȖ Ȍȍ-
ȊțȠȒȈ țȔȍȘȓȈ
Ǫ ȌȖȔȍ ǩȈȝȘțȠȐȕȣȝ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓȐ ȌȕȐ ȉȍȏȣșȝȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȧ
șȓȍȏ Ȑ ȚȖȑ ȖșȖȉȖȑ ȋȕȍȚțȡȍȑ ȚȖșȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȊȈȍȚ Ȋșȍȑ
șȍȔȤȍȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȒ DzȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȗțșȚȖȚȈ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚ-
șȧ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ Ǫșȍ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ Ƕȉȣȟȕȣȍ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȕȖșȚȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȒȈ-
ȎțȚșȧ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȖșȒȖȘȉȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ țȔȍȘȠȍȑ ǷȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ
șȚȣȌȕȖ ȍșȚȤ ȗȐȚȤ șȗȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȔȧȋȒȖȑ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ȏȈȉȖȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȗȉ
ȖȌȍȎȌȍ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȐȏȌȈȊȕȈ ȊȖȠȓȖ Ȋ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒț
Ǩ ȚțȚ ȍȡȍ ȕȍșȕȖșȕȣȍ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȐ ș șȊȖȐȔ șȖȉȖȓȍȏȕȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȍȔ ǽȓȖȗȖȚȣ Ȗ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȈȝ ǿțȎȐȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȊȖȘȊȈȊȠȐȍșȧ Ȋ
șȍȔȍȑȕțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǷȈȕȐȝȐȌȣ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȘȣ șȖ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒȖȔ
ǷȖȒțȗȒȈ «ȔȍșȚȈ».
ǶȒȖȓȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȋȖ ȚȘțȗȈ șȓȍȚȈȍȚșȧ ȊȖȘȖȕȤȍ ȎȈȌȕȖȍ ȕȈșȚȖȑ-
ȟȐȊȖȍ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȗȓȈȚț ȏȈ țșȓțȋȐ ȕȈ ȟȈȑȒȐ
Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȐȚȈȍȚșȧ ȏȈ șȟȍȚ șȔȍȘȚȐ
ǵȈ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ǵȐȕț ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȏȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȖȔ ȒȓȈȌ-
ȉȐȡȍ ǵȈȌ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȖȑ ȖȌȕȈ țȓȣȉ-
ȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȈ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȔțȎȟȐȕ Ȑ ȊȓȍȒȓȈ ȚȈȑ-
ȕȖȑ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȓȈșȚȤȦ ȗȖȓȈ — ȊȣȘȖș ȔȖȋȐȓȤȕȣȑ
ȝȖȓȔȐȒ ȊȍșȤ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȊȍȕȒȈȔȐ ș țȊȧȌȈȦȡȐȔȐ țȎȍ ȞȊȍ-
ȚȈȔȐ
II
DzȓȈȌȉȐȡȍȕșȒȐȑ șȚȖȘȖȎ ǹȚȍȗȈȕ ȎȐȓ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȝȐȉȈȘȒȍ
ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖ Ƕȕ ȖȊȌȖȊȍȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ǬȖȟȤ «ȏȈ-
ȋțȓȧȓȈ» Ȑ Ȗȕ ș ȕȍȑ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȓșȧ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȌȈȎȍ ȎȐȊȈ ȓȐ ǹȣȕ
ȗȖȠȍȓ ȗȖ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ Ȑ țȍȝȈȓ ș ȝȖȏȧȐȕȖȔ Ȋ ǹȐȉȐȘȤ ȖȚ-
ȒțȌȈ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȗȘȐșȣȓȈȓ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ș șȣȕȖȊȕȐȔ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ
ȗȖȒȓȖȕȖȔ Ȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ șțȔȔȖȑ Ȍȍȕȍȋ — ©ȊȈȔ ȗȈȗȈȠȈ ȕȈ
ȚȈȉȈȟȖȒ».
ǷȖșȓȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȏȍȕȣ ȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ ǹȚȍȗȈȕ ȊȏȧȚȤ șȚȘȧȗȒț ȔȖ-
ȓȖȌțȦ ȉȈȉȍȕȒț ǬȈ șȚȈȓȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȏȈȏȖȘȕȖ Ȉ ȉȈȚȦȠȒȈ ȗȘȧ-

75
ȔȖ țȒȈȏȈȓ
— Ǻȣ ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȟȚȈ ȌȈ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ Ȋ ȕȍȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȔ ȘȖȌȍ ȗȘȐ șȊȧȚȣȕȍ șȖșȚȖȐȠȤ Ȑ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȍȠȤ ȕȐȊț șȔȍȘ-
ȚȐ ǬȖȓȎȍȕ Țȣ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț șȍȉȧ șȖȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ Ȑ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȈ ȕȍ șȍȧȚȤ
ǬȈ Ȑ șȈȔȖȋȖ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȈ țȋȕȍȚȈȓȈ ǪȈșȐȓȐșȈ șȊȖȐȔ ȘȈȏȉȐȚ-
ȕȣȔ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȖȔ ǺȈȒ Ȑ ȘȊȈȓȖșȤ ț ȕȍȑ ȕȈȘțȎț ȉȈȉȤȍ ȕțȚȘȖ
ǰ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧȝ Ȑ Ȋ țȝȊȈȚȒȈȝ Ȑ Ȋ ȊȍȟȕȖȔ xoȝȖȚȍ Ȑ Ȋ
ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȉȍșșȚȣȎȐȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ
Ǩ ǹȚȍȗȈȕ ȉȣȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ țȋȘȦȔȣȑ țȠȍȌȠȐȑ Ȋ șȍȉȧ Ȋșȍȋ-
ȌȈ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȌțȔȈȦȡȐȑ ǷȖșȚȖȧȕȕȈȧ ȉȓȐȏȖșȚȤ Ȓ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȈȔ
ȕȈȓȖȎȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȖșȖȉțȦ ȗȍȟȈȚȤ ȏȈȔȒȕțȚȖșȚȐ ȕȖ Ȋ ȚȈȑ-
ȕȐȒȈȝ ȍȋȖ ȌțȠȐ ȏȈȘȖȌȐȓȈ Ȑ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȖȊȖȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ ȟțȊșȚ-
ȊȖ șȈȔȈ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ țȎȈșȕȈ Ȑ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȈ Ȍȓȧ Ȋșȧ-
ȒȖȋȖ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ

76
ǪȈșȐȓȐșț șȚȖȘȖȎ ȗȘȖȋȕȈȓ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȎȐȚȤ șȖȊșȍȔ ȖȌȐȕ ǷȖȓ-
ȕȈȧ ȖȚȟțȎȌȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȘȈȏȊȐȓȈ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȖ-ȖșȚȘțȦ ȜȈȕ-
ȚȈȏȐȦ Ȉ șȊȍȘȝ ȚȖȋȖ, Ȗȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ șȚȘȈȌȈȚȤ ȚȈȑȕȣȔ ȗȖȘȖȒȖȔ
ǶȌȐȕ Ȋ ȚȐȠȐ ȕȖȟȐ șȐȌȧ ț ȖȒȖȠȒȈ Ȑ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ ȝȖȓȔȐȒȐ
ȒȘȍșȚȣ ȗȈȔȧȚȕȐȒȐ ȖȏȈȘȍȕȕȣȍ ȓțȕȖȑ ǹȚȍȗȈȕ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ
ȘȦȔȒȈ ȏȈ ȘȦȔȒȖȑ Țȧȕțȓ ȊȖȌȒț ǪȣȗȐȊȈȓ ȉțȚȣȓȒț ȌȊȍ ǵȍ
ȗȤȧȕȍȓ Ȉ ȊȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȖșȖȉȣȑ ȥȒșȚȈȏ
Ȁȍȓ ȉȘȖȌȐȚȤ ȗȖ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡț ȗȘȐșȈȎȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ Ȋȍȓ ȉȍșȍȌȣ
Ȋșȓțȝ ș ȉȍȏȔȖȓȊȕȣȔȐ ȔȖȋȐȓȈȔȐ ǴȣșȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȐ
șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȑ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ Ȋ ȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖșȚȐ ȖȚ ȚȖȋȖ
ȒȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȍȕ
— ǵț ȊȈȠȍ șȐȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȗȖȎȐȓȐ ȊșȓȈșȚȤ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ ȈȊȚȖ-
ȔȖȉȐȓȤ ȌȊȖȘȕȦ ȞȍȓțȦ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȐ ǰȊȈȕ ȗȖȌȈȑ ǷȍȚȘ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȍșȐ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ-ȚȖ ȒȈȒȖȊȖ" Ǩ" ǹȒȈȏȈȕȖ ȗȘȈȝ Ǩ Țȣ ȋȖȘȌȐȓșȧ
ǰ ǹȚȍȗȈȕ ȗȓȍȊȈȓ ȕȈ șȐȧȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȔȖȋȐȓț
— ǬȈ ȉȣȓ ȒțȗȍȞ ǹ ȎȐȊȖȋȖ Ȑ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȋȖ ȌȘȈȓ ǵȐȡȍȔț
ȒȖȗȍȑȒț ȎȈȓȍȓ ǵȍȉȖșȤ, ȕȍ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȋȘȖȉț ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ
ǺȈȒ ǹȚȍȗȈȕ ȖȉȓȐȟȈȓ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȖ șȐȓȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȘȈȏț-
ȔȍȕȐȧ
ǵȖ ȐȕȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȓ Ȓ țȔȍȘȠȐȔ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔ ǷȓȈ-
ȒȈȓ ȕȈ Ȑȝ ȔȖȋȐȓȈȝ
— ǷȚȈȠȒȈ Țȣ ȔȈȓȈȧ ǽȍȘțȊȐȔȟȐȒ ǮȐȚȤ ȉȣ Țȍȉȍ ȌȈ
ȎȐȚȤ
ǰ ǹȚȍȗȈȕț ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȔȖȋȐȓț șȕȧȚȤ ȋȘȖȉȖȊțȦ
ȒȘȣȠȒț ȗȘȐȓȈșȒȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȋȖȓțȉȐȚȤ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȘȍȎȌȍȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ
ȗȖȋȐȉȠȐȝ
ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȎȈȓȍȓ Ȗȕ ȌȍȊțȠȍȒ
— ǰ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ ǸȍȉȍȕȒȈ șȊȖȊȖ ȕȈ Șț-
ȒȈȝ ȕȍ ȒȈȟȈȓȈ
Ǫ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖȑ ȌțȠȍ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȈ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȔ ȔȖȏȋț ȖȚ-
ȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȔ ȈȓȒȖȋȖȓȍȔ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ ȊȓȈșȚȕȖ ȖȝȊȈ-
ȚȣȊȈȦȡȐȑ Ȋșȍ ȍȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȊșȦ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȓȦ
Dz țȔȍȘȠȐȔ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈȔ Ȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈȔ Ȗȕ ȟțȊșȚ-
ȊȖȊȈȓ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȓ ȎȐȊȣȔ
ǹȚȍȗȈȕț ȔȍȘȍȡȐȓȐșȤ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȍ ȎȍȕșȒȐȍ ȓȐȞȈ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȍ
ș ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ, Ȑ ȚȈȑ-
ȕȈȧ șȐȓȈ ȊȓȍȒȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȓ ȔȖȋȐȓȍ ȒȖ ȋȘȖȉț ǰ Ȗȕ ȍȌȊȈ ȉȖȘȖȓșȧ ș
ȐșȒțȠȍȕȐȍȔ ș șȖȉȓȈȏȕȖȔ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖȋȖ ȋȘȍȝȈ

77
ǷȖȝȖȘȖȕȣ ǵȐȕȣ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȚȘȧșȓȐ Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȉȘȈȓșȧ Ȋ
ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤ Ȑ ȕȍ șȗțșȒȈȓ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȐȝ ȋȓȈȏ ș ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ
ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȞȣ
Ǩ Ȋ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȊȠțȦ ȏȈ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȈȔȐ ǹȚȍȗȈȕ țȎ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ
ȊȓȈȌȍȚȤ șȖȉȖȦ
ǹȚȖȧȓȈ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȈȧ Ȗșȍȕȕȧȧ ȗȖȋȖȌȈ ǪȍȚȍȘ ȠțȔȍȓ Ȋ ȊȍȘȠȐ-
ȕȈȝ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȍȕșȒȐȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ Ȑ ȒȘțȚȐȓ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȗȖȎȍȓȚȍȊ-
ȠȐȍ ȓȐșȚȤȧ ǶȉȓȈȒȈ ȕȍșȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖȔ ȉȍȋȍ ȚȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȧ
ȓțȕț ȚȖ ȏȈȌȍȘȋȐȊȈȧ ȍȍ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȏȈȊȍșȖȑ
ǫȌȍ-ȚȖ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȦ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȣȓȈ șȖȉȈȒȈ ǹȓȣȠȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȒȖȓȖȚțȠȒȈ ȕȖȟȕȖȋȖ șȚȖȘȖȎȈ
ǷȘȧȟȈșȤ ȏȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧȔȐ Ȑ ȗȈȔȧȚȕȐȒȈȔȐ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓȈ ȚȍȔȕȈȧ
ȚȍȕȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ǪȖȚ Ȑ șȊȍȎȈȧ ȔȖȋȐȓȈ Ȑ ȝȖȓȔ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȤȍȊ ȎȍȓȚȖȑ ȋȓȐȕȣ Ȑ
ȏȈȊȧȌȈȦȡȐȍ ȊȍȕȒȐ

78
ǹȚȍȗȈȕ șȉȘȖșȐȓ Ȑȝ Ȑ ș ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟȕȖȑ ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȖșȚȤȦ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓ ȘȈȏȘȣȊȈȚȤ ȔȖȋȐȓț
ǩȣșȚȘȖ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȈ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȓȖȗȈȚȈ ǸȖș ȊȈȓ ȊȣȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȖȑ
ȏȍȔȓȐ
dzȖȗȈȚȈ șȚțȒȕțȓȈșȤ Ȗ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȚȊȍȘȌȖȍ Ȑ ȊȣȋȓȧȕțȊȠȈȧ ȓțȕȈ
ȖșȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȉȍȓțȦ ȋȓȈȏȍȚȖȊțȦ ȒȘȣȠȒț ȋȘȖȉȈ Ȑ ȒȘȍșȚ
ǹȚȍȗȈȕ ȊșȒȘȣȓ ȎȐȓȐȡȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȑ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȞț
Ǫ ȉȍȓȖȔ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȈ ȚȘȈȊȍ ǹȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȘțȒȐ
ȚȘțȗȈ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ȗȖȌȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȓȐșȤ
ǵȖ ǹȚȍȗȈȕ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ Ƕȕ
ȊȍșȤ țȠȍȓ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȋ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ǬȐȒȈȧ ȕȍȐșȚȖȊȈȧ
șȚȘȈșȚȤ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȈ ȐȔ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȐȓ ȔȍȘȚȊțȦ Ȋ șȊȖȐ ȗȘȍșȚțȗ-
ȕȣȍ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧ
ǷȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȒȘȐȒ ȗȘȖȕȍșșȧ ȕȈȌ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȍȔ DzȘȐȒ
ȉȖȓȐ Ȑ țȎȈșȈ
ǹȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȊȠȈȧ ț ȖȋȘȈȌȣ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȈ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȧ
ȗȖȌȊȣȗȐȊȠȐȝ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȈ Ȋ ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍȕȐȐ
— ǩȘȈȚȞȣ ȘȍȎțȚ ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ
ǹȔȍȓȈȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȎȤ ȗȖȌȖȋȘȍȚȈȧ ȊȐȕȖȔ șȚȈȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȓȍȏȈȚȤ
ȟȍȘȍȏ ȎȍȓȍȏȕțȦ ȘȍȠȍȚȒț
_____
ǷȘȖȒțȘȖȘ șȖȊȍȡȈȓșȧ șȖ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȍȔ Ȗ Ȍȍȓȍ ȒȓȈȌȉȐ-
ȡȍȕșȒȖȋȖ șȚȖȘȖȎȈ
— Ǫ ȒȈȒȖȔ Ȏȍ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȐ Ȕȣ ȉțȌȍȔ ȖȉȊȐȕȧȚȤ ǹȚȍȗȈ-
ȕȈ ǰȊȈȕȍȕȒȖ"
— ȇ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȦ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȒȖȡțȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȖșȒȊȍȘȕȍȕȐȐ ȔȖȋȐȓȣ
Ȑ ȚȘțȗȈ
— ǷȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ ǺȘțȗȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǵȐȕȈ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȕȈ ǩȈȝȘțȠȐ-
ȕȈ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȍȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȈȎȐȊȖ Ȋ ȓȍȚȈȘȋȐȟȍșȒȖȔ șȕȍ
— ǹȚȖȘȖȎ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ Ƕȕ ȘȍȠȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȖșȒȊȍȘȕȍȕȐȍ
ȚȘțȗȈ ȗȖȌ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍȔ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȗȖȓȖȊȖȋȖ ȐȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ ǵȖ
ȕȐȖȚȒțȌȈ ȕȍ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ șȗȖșȖȉȍȕ ȕȈ ȐȏȕȈșȐȓȖ-
ȊȈȕȐȍ ȎȐȊȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȇ ȗȖȟȚȐ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȚ ǷȘȖȉțȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȍ ȖȚ ȓȍȚȈȘȋȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șȕȈ ǩȈȝȘțȠȐȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓȖ ȕȈ ȕȍ-
ȋȖ ȗȖȚȘȧșȈȦȡȍȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ Ƕȕ ȟȈșȚȖ ȘȣȌȈȍȚ Ȋ ȒȈȔȍȘȍ Ȑ

ȚȊȍȘȌȐȚ ©ǯȈ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȍȍ ȒȘȈșȖȚȒț ȗȖȋțȉȐȓ ȉȍșȟȍșȚȕȖȑ șȌȍ-
ȓȈȓ"ª ǯȓȈȧ ȊȖȓȧ șȟȐȚȈȓȈșȤ ș ȚȘțȗȖȔ Ȉ ȕȍ ș ȎȐȊȖȑ ȌȍȊșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȐȞȍȑ
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȗȖ ȊȈȠȍȔț ȕțȎȕȖ șțȌȐȚȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȖ ȕȈȔȍȘȍ-
ȕȐȦ Ȉ ȕȍ ȗȖ ȜȈȒȚȈȔ" Ǫ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȐȏȕȈ-
șȐȓȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȐ ȖȚȧȋȟȈȦȡȐȝ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤ-
șȚȊȈȝ — ȗȘȐ ȉȍșșȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȗȖȚȍȘȗȍȊȠȍȑ ǬȈ-
ȓȍȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȉțȌȤȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȖșȒȊȍȘȕȍȕȐȧ ȚȘțȗȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț
ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ ȖȉȢȍȒȚȈ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȚȘțȗȈ
— ȅȚȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȓȈȉȐȘȐȕȚ ȆȘȐȌȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȏȈȋȈȌȒȈ DzȈȒ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȖȉȊȐȕȐȚȤ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȇ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȦ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ ȒȊȈ-
ȓȐȜȐȒȈȞȐȐ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ Ȋ șȔȣșȓȍ ȒȖȡțȕșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȖșȒȊȍȘȕȍ-
ȕȐȧ
— ǿȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȥȒșȗȍȘȚȣ"
— ǵȈȠȓȐ ȗȖȊȣȠȍȕȕțȦ ȕȍȘȊȕȖșȚȤ ȈȓȒȖȋȖȓȐȏȔ ȕȖ Ȋ Ȗȉ-
ȡȍȔ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓȐ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȣȔ
— DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȊȈȠȈ ȔȣșȓȤ ȕȍȌțȘȕȈ ǵȈȌȖ Ȏȍ șȉȣȚȤ ȥȚȖ Ȍȍ-
ȓȖ ș ȘțȒ ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȓȐȟȕȖ-
șȚȐ ǩȈȝȘțȠȐȕȈ ȗȖ ȏȈȒȖȕț ȐȔȍȍȚ ȗȘȈȊȖ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȚȤ Ȑ ȒȈȒ
ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒȈȧ ȐșȚȐȞȈ ȗȖȔȐȔȖ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈ Ȗ ȕȈșȐȓȐȐ Ȑ ȗȖȚȍȘȍ
ȌȍȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ǪȍȌȤ ȈȌȊȖȒȈȚȣ ȕȈș ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȊȍȌțȚ
— ǶȉȊȐȕȐȔ Ȋ ȐȏȕȈșȐȓȖȊȈȕȐȐ
— ǺȖȋȌȈ șȒȈȎțȚ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȐȒ
ȐȔȍȓ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȚȘțȗ ȇ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȉȍȘț ȌȘțȋțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȌȍȓȈ ǵȐȕȈ
ǩȈȝȘțȠȐȕȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȚȤ șȚȖȘȖȎȈ ȏȈ șȗȈșȍȕȐȍ ȍȍ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȕȈȔ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ"
ǷȘȖȒțȘȖȘ ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȖ ȘȈȏȊȍȓ ȘțȒȈȔȐ

80
ǸǮǸ ȁǯǶǰǮȌȀ"
I
— ǫȓȈȊȕȖȍ ȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓȐ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȔȍ-
ȘȍȕȐȧ țȉȐȚȤ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȥȚȖȑ ȞȍȓȐ ȕȍ ȌȖșȚȈȊȈȓȐ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȈ ǶȘț-
ȎȐȍ Ȋȣ ȕȖșȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȍ ȕț ȝȖȚȤ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȎȐȊȍȚȍ
ȏȈ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ Ȑ ȟȈșȚȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȍȚȍșȤ ȕȖȟȤȦ ǹ ǷȐșȒțȕȖȊȣȔ
Ȋȣ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐșȤ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȉȢȧș-
ȕȐȚȤșȧ Ƕȕ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ȊȈȔ ȌȍȘȏȒȖ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȦȡȍ Ȉ Ȋȣ ȗȖȌ ȊȓȐȧ-
ȕȐȍȔ ȈȜȜȍȒȚȈ ȊȣȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ Ȑ șȚȘȍȓȧȓȐ Ȋ țȗȖȘ
ǺȈȒ țȟȐȓ ȈȌȊȖȒȈȚ ǩȖȉȘȖȊșȒȖȋȖ țȉȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȒȈ
șȊȖȍȑ Ȏȍȕȣ
ǩȖȉȘȖȊșȒȖȔț ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȣ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȧ Ȋ ȚȦȘȍȔȕȖȑ
ȒȈȔȍȘȍ ș ȏȈȡȐȚȕȐȒȖȔ ǪȍȘȍșȒȖȊȣȔ ȍȡȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȟȈȊȠȐȔ
ȈȌȊȖȒȈȚșȒțȦ ȒȈȘȤȍȘț Ȑ țȝȊȈȚȐȊȠȐȔșȧ ȖȉȍȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȏȈ
ȌȍȓȖ ȕȈȠțȔȍȊȠȍȍ Ȋ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ
ǯȈȡȐȚȐȚȤ ǪȍȘȍșȒȖȊ ȊȣȏȊȈȓșȧ ȌȈȘȖȔ ȌȈ Ȑ ȕȍȟȍȔ ȉȣȓȖ
ȏȈȗȓȈȚȐȚȤ ǩȖȉȘȖȊșȒȖȔț ȍȓȍ șȊȖȌȐȊȠȍȔț ȒȖȕȞȣ ș ȒȖȕȞȈȔȐ
ȗȘȐ ȕȍțșȚȈȕȕȖȔ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȔ ȚȘțȌȍ ǵȍțȌȈȟȕȣȑ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘ Ȗȕ ȏȈ-
ȘȈȉȈȚȣȊȈȓ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ Ȓ ȎȐȏȕȐ șȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȗțȓȧȘȕȖ-ȕȈțȟ-
ȕȣȝ ȉȘȖȠȦȘ Ȑ șȍȑȟȈș Ȋ ȚȦȘȤȔȍ ȒȖȘȗȍȓ ȕȈȌ ȒȕȐȎȒȖȑ ȗȖ ȊȖȏ-
ȌțȝȖȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȦ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ Ȏȍȕȍ ǯȐȕȖȟȒȍ Ȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖ-
Ȕț șȣȕț șȚȖ Șțȉȓȍȑ ȕȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȧ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ Ȍȍȓț
ǪȍȘȍșȒȖȊ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔ
— ǻȌȐȊȓȧȦșȤ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȐȦ Ȑ ȝȓȈȌȕȖȒȘȖȊȐȦ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒȈ ǻȉȐȓ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȘțȋȈ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȊȐȌȍȓșȧ ȟțȚȤ ȓȐ ȕȐ ȒȈȎ-
Ȍȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȉ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ, șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȗ ȟțȎȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ — ȘȈȏȔȍ-
ȘȍȕȕȣȔ ȔȖȕȖȚȖȕȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ǷȖȌțȔȈȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓ
ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖȍ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖȍ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȉșțȎȌȈȍȚ șȗȖ-
ȒȖȑȕȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȧ ȇ șȒȈȎț ȊȈȔ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȉȖȦșȤ ȍȋȖ Ȑ Ȗȕ
ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȕȍșȐȔȗȈȚȐȟȍȕ
ǩȖȉȘȖȊșȒȐȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȓ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȗȘȐȏ-
ȕȈȒȖȊ ȌțȠȍȊȕȣȝ ȔțȒ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚșȧ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖȔț ȌȈ ȍȡȍ
ȐȕȚȍȓȓȐȋȍȕȚȕȖȔț țȉȐȑȞȍ

81
ǩȣȓ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȘȖȊȍȕ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȣșȓțȠȐȊȈȓ ȈȌȊȖȒȈȚȈ Ȑ
ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ș ȕȐȔ șȖȋȓȈȠȈȓșȧ
DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȈ șțȌȍ ȟȚȖ țȉȐȑșȚȊȖ
șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȖ ȕȍ ș ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ ȖȉȌțȔȈȕȕȣȔ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȍȔ Ȉ ȗȖȌ ȊȓȐȧ-
ȕȐȍȔ ȈȜȜȍȒȚȈ ǩȖȉȘȖȊșȒȐȑ Ȑ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȦ ȌȈȓ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ Ȋ
ȥȚȖȔ șȔȣșȓȍ ǪȍȘȍșȒȖȊ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ șȗȖȒȖȍȕ Ȗȕ ȕȈ șțȌȍ șț-
ȔȍȍȚ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ Ȑ ȕȈ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȕȐȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈ
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȖșȤ ȚȈȒ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ
șȓȖȊȕȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȒȈșȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍ ȞȍȓȖȋȖ ȉțȌțȡȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȉ Ȗȕ ǩȖ-
ȉȘȖȊșȒȐȑ ȌȍȓȈȓ ȖȌȖȓȎȍȕȐȍ ȈȌȊȖȒȈȚț ȖȉȍȡȈȧ șȗȖșȖȉșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ țșȗȍȝț ȍȋȖ ȏȈȡȐȚȣ
ǪȣȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȍȔț Ȉ ȏȈȡȐȚȕȐȒț ȕțȎȍȕ ȖȗȘȈȊ-
ȌȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘ
ǪȖȓȕȖȊȈȓșȧ șȓȍȋȒȈ ǩȖȉȘȖȊșȒȐȑ ȓȐȠȤ Ȋ Țȍȝ șȓțȟȈȧȝ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȗȘȖșȐȓ ǪȍȘȍșȒȖȊȈ șȢȍȏȌȐȚȤ Ȓ Ȏȍȕȍ Ȑ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ
II
ǯȈȓ șțȌȈ ȉȣȓ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȕȍȕ ǷȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȘȖȔȈȕȚȐȟȍ-
șȒȖȑ ȗȖȟȊȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȍȚ ȔȈșșț ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȣȝ ȖșȖȉȍȕ-
ȕȖ «țȋȖȓȖȊȕȣȝ ȌȈȔ».
Ǫșȍ ȐșȒȈȓȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȏȍȕț ȗȖȌșțȌȐȔȖȋȖ ȊȐȕȖȊȕȐȞț ȗȘȍ-
șȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȧȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȍȍ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ
ȟȐȚȈȓȐșȤ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șțȌȍȉȕȖȋȖ șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȧ
ǬȍȓȖ, Ȋ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ, ȉȣȓȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȖșȚȖȍ
ǷȐșȒțȕȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȌȖȔȈ ǩȖȉȘȖȊșȒȐȝ ȟȈșȚȖ ȝȖȌȐȓ Ȓ
ȕȐȔ ȏȈȗȘȖșȚȖ ȖȉȍȌȈȓ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓ ț ȕȐȝ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȌȕȐ ȒȈȒ ȝȖȓȖ-
șȚȧȒ ȗȘȐȋȘȍȓșȧ ț ȟțȎȖȋȖ ȚȍȗȓȈ ȊȝȖȌȐȓ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȣ șȍ-
ȔȤȐǺȈȒ ȚȧȕțȓȖșȤ ȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȋȖȌ Ȑ ǩȖȉȘȖȊșȒȐȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖ-
ȏȘȍȊȈȓ ȌȈ Ȑ ȕȍ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȉȣȓȖ țȗȘȍȒȈȚȤ Ȏȍȕț Ǩ ȚțȚ ȊȌȘțȋ ȕȈȟȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȖȝȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȔȍȎȌț șțȗȘțȋȈȔȐ ǩȖȉȘȖȊșȒȐȑ ȏȈȘȍȊȕȖȊȈȓ
Ȓ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȔț șȚȈȓ șȓȍȌȐȚȤ ȠȗȐȖȕȐȚȤ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ țȏȕȈȓ
ȟȚȖ ©ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑª — ȍȋȖ șȈȔȣȑ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȑ ȌȘțȋ ǷȐșȒțȕȖȊ
ǷȖȚȘȧșȍȕȕȣȑ ȐȏȔȍȕȖȑ Ȏȍȕȣ ȖȉȔȈȕȖȔ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚ-
ȊȖȔ ȌȘțȋȈ ǩȖȉȘȖȊșȒȐȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȘȈȏȣșȒȈȓ ǷȐ-

82
șȒțȕȖȊȈ Ȋ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȍ Ȋ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȐ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȍȑ ȖȚȊȍȓ ȍȋȖ Ȓ ȖȚ-
ȌȍȓȤȕȖȔț șȚȖȓȐȒț Ȍȓȧ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȑ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȖȉȔȍȕȧȊ-
ȠȐșȤ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȜȘȈȏȖȑ Ȋȣȕțȓ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ Ȑ ȌȊțȔȧ ȊȣșȚȘȍ-
ȓȈȔȐ țȓȖȎȐȓ șȖȗȍȘȕȐȒȈ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ
ǹ ȦȘȐȌȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȊȍșȤ ȊȖȗȘȖș șȖșȚȖȧȓ Ȋ ȚȖȔ,
ȉȣȓȖ ȓȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȖ țȉȐȑșȚȊȖ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȏȈȗȈȓȤȟȐȊȖșȚȐ Ȑ
ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȐȓȐ ș ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ ȖȉȌțȔȈȕȕȣȔ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȍȔ
ǷȘȖȒțȘȖȘ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȓ ȊȍșȒȐȍ ȌȈȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȗȖ-
șȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ
ǵȐȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌșțȌȐȔȣȑ ȕȖșȐȓ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȖȘț-
ȎȐȍ ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ Ȋșȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȏȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ Ȗȕ ȌȖșȚȈȓ
ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ș ȞȍȓȤȦ țȉȐȑșȚȊȈ
ǻȏȕȈȊ Ȗȉ ȐȏȔȍȕȍ Ȏȍȕȣ, ǩȖȉȘȖȊșȒȐȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȍȚ ȗȘȐȕȐ-
ȔȈȚȤ ț șȍȉȧ ǷȐșȒțȕȖȊȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȍȔț ȊȐȌȈ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȍȚ
Ȋșȍ Ƕ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ǷȐșȒțȕȖȊ ȉțȌȍȚ Ȋ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȍ ȗȖȌșțȌȐȔȣȑ
ȏȕȈȓ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ Ȑ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖșȚȤ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ ȐșȒȓȦȟȈȍȚșȧ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȘȖȒțȘȖȘ țȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȍ ȝȓȈȌȕȖȒȘȖ-
ȊȐȍ ȗȖȌșțȌȐȔȖȋȖ Ȋ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȐȧ țȉȐȑșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ
ȕȍȋȖ ǹȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ țȉȐȊ ǷȐșȒțȕȖȊȈ ǩȖȉȘȖȊ-
șȒȐȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ șȚȖȓȐȒț ȋȌȍ șȐȌȍȓȈ ȒȈȔȗȈȕȐȧ ȉȘȖșȐȊȠȈȧ-
șȧ Ȓ țȉȐȚȖȔț Ȑ ȊȣȗȐȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȦȔȖȒ ȒȖȕȤȧȒț Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ
ȏȈȒțȘȐȓ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșț Ȑ ȉȍȏțȟȈșȚȕȖ ȖȚȕȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȈȘȍșȚț ȌȈȊȈȧ
ȕȈ ȗȘȍȌȊȈȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ șțȝȐȔ
ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
ǵȐ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȐȧ țȉȐȑșȚȊȈ ȗȖȌșțȌȐȔȣȑ ȕȍ
ȊȣȒȈȏȈȓ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȖȒȘȖȊȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ȚȘțȗȈ ȕȍ ȎȈȓȍȓ țȉȐȚȖȋȖ ȌȘțȋȈ ȕȍ ȔțȟȐȓșȧ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍȔ ȟȚȖ
ȓȐȠȐȓ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȧȊȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȟȚȖ țȉȐȑșȚȊȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȖ ȏȈ-
ȘȈȕȍȍ ȖȉȌțȔȈȕȕȖ șȖ șȚȘȖȋȐȔ ȘȈșȟȍȚȖȔ ȠȈȕșȖȊ țșȗȍȝȈ Ȋ ȗȘȍ-
șȚțȗȕȖȔ ȌȍȧȕȐȐ
Ǫ ȓȍȋȒȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȗȍȕȈ ȠȈȔȗȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȘȍȟȐ ȏȈȡȐȚȕȐȒ ȌȖȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖȍ ȔȕȍȕȐȦ ȗȘȖȒțȘȖȘȈ
ǸȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ ȗȖȌșțȌȐȔȣȑ ȕȖșȐȓ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ș șȖȉȖȑ Ȋ Ȟȍȓȧȝ șȈ-
ȔȖȏȈȡȐȚȣ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȎȐȊȍȚ ș șȍȔȤȍȑ ȏȈ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ Ȉ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ
ȟȚȖ ȖȒȘȈȐȕȣ șȚȖȓȐȞȣ ȒȐȠȈȚ ȝțȓȐȋȈȕȈȔȐ ǪșȚȘȍȟȐ ș ǷȐș-
ȒțȕȖȊȣȔ ȕȍ ȐșȒȈȓ — ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȈ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ǪȏȌțȔȈȓ
ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤșȧ ȗȖ ȗȖȊȖȌț Ȏȍȕȣ ȕȖ ǷȐșȒțȕȖȊ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȌȍȘȏȖ-

83
șȚȤȦ ȗȖȌșțȌȐȔȣȑ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȓ Ȑ șȚȘȍȓȧȓ
ǭȋȖ ȊȐȌȐȔȖȍ șȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȍ Ȑ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȐȍ — ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȐ
șȒȘȣȚȕȖȋȖ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ șȐȓȣ ȊȖȓȐ ȏȈȒȈȓȍȕȕȖȑ Ȋ
ȚȧȎȍȓȖȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ ȏȈ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ:
©ǹțȌȤȉȈ ȊȍȓȈ ǩȖȉȘȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖ ȚȍȘȕȐșȚȖȔț ȗțȚȐ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐ-
țȟȐȓ șȍȉȧ ȕȍ ȊșȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȊȈȚȤ ȉȖȓȐ ȗȘȐ țȒȖ-
ȓȈȝ ȖșȚȘȣȝ ȠȐȗȖȊ».
ǸȍȟȤ ǪȍȘȍșȒȖȊȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓȈ șȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȗȘȐ-
șȧȎȕȣȝ Ȑ ȗțȉȓȐȒț
ǷȘȖȒțȘȖȘ ȊȖȏȘȈȎȈȓ ȉȍșȞȊȍȚȕȖ
ǵȈȌȍȎȌȈ ȕȈ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ țȊȍ-
ȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ
ǶșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ șȓȖȊȖ ȗȖȌșțȌȐȔȖȋȖ
III
ǩȖȉȘȖȊșȒȐȑ ȊșȚȈȓ ȗȖ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȦ șȖ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȔ ȒȈȔȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕ-
ȕȐȔ ȖȋȕȍȔ
©DzȖȋȌȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȐ șȦȌȈ Ȋ ȏȈȓ șțȌȈ ȧ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗȉ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȔ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȓȐ ǵȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ Ȍȓȧ ȔȖȍȑ
șȍȔȤȐ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ șȈȔȖȋȖ ǩțȌț ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ Ȍȓȧ Ȏȍȕȣ Ȑ șȣȕȈ
ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȊȍȘȕț ȍȍ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ǵȖ ȗȖ ȔȍȘȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȠȓȖ
șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ Ȕȕȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȍȍ ȕȈ ȌțȠȍ șȚȣȌ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȌțȠț ǯȈȟȍȔ ȓȦȌȐ ȓȋțȚ" ǯȈȟȍȔ ȖȉȔȈȕ" ǷȖ-
ȟȍȔț ȕȍȓȤȏȧ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȗȘȈȊȌȣ" ǹȒȈȏȈȓ șȊȖȦ ȘȍȟȤ ȗȘȖȒțȘȖȘ
Ǫ ȕȍȑ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȣ ȕȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȓȎȐ ǫȓțȉȖȒȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȍȕ
ȏȈȡȐȚȕȐȒț Ȗȕ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȖȉȍȓȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȝȓȖȗȖȚȈȓ Ȗ ȔȖȍȔ Ȗȗ-
ȘȈȊȌȈȕȐȐ Ȑ ȚȖȎȍ ȓȋȈȓ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȧ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȧ țȉȐȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȚȖ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȗȘȈȊ ȧ ȐȓȐ
ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚ ȕȖ ȉȣȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȑ ȕȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȔȖȍȑ ȊȐȕȍ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ
Ȋșȍ șȚȈȘȈȕȐȍ — țȑȚȐ ȖȚ șțȌȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȓȐ ǶȗȘȈȊȌȈȦȚ
ȉțȌțȚ ȗȐșȈȚȤ Ȋ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ Ȋ șȚȈȚȤȧȝ ȜȍȓȤȍȚȖȕȈȝ ȚȘȍȗȈȚȤ ȔȖȍ
ȐȔȧ Ȑ ȐȔȧ ȔȖȍȑ Ȏȍȕȣ Ȑ ȓȋȈȚȤ ȓȋȈȚȤ Ȑ ȓȋȈȚȤ
 ǴȍȘȚȊȣȑ
ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȘȈȊȌț, Ȑ ȧ șȒȈȎț ȍȍ
ǸȈȕȤȠȍ ȧ ȌțȔȈȓ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȒțȘȖȘ Ȑ ȏȈȡȐȚȕȐȒ ȟȚȖ

84
țȉȐȑșȚȊȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȈȜȜȍȒȚȈ ȐȓȐ ș ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ
ȖȉȌțȔȈȕȕȣȔ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȍȔ ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ
ȓȖȎȤ ǰ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȖȍ
ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ șȗȘȖșȐȓȐ șȗȖșȖȉȍȕ ȓȐ ȧ țȉȐȚȤ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȧ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȉȣ ȗȘȈȊȌț ȕȍȚ ȕȐ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȘȈȏȊȍ
Ȋ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ ȗȘȐ șȈȔȖȏȈȡȐȚȍ ǻȉȐȑșȚȊȖ ȘȐșȖȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȊȖ-
ȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ ȒȈȒ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ țȎȈșȕȖȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȗȖȌȈȊȓȧȦȡȍȍ
ǶȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ șȈȔ ȈȒȚ țȉȐȑșȚȊȈ
ǰ ȌȍȓȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ǶȗȐșȣȊȈȦȚ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ țȉȐȑȞȣ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȓȋțȚ ǺȖ ȉȍȠȍȕșȚȊȖ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ ȒȘțȋȐ Ȋ
ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȐȚ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȓ ǺȖ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȖȉȌțȔȈȓ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȓ-
șȧ ȔțȟȐȓ ȋȖȓȖș șȖȊȍșȚȐ ȕȖ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ ȖșȐȓȐȓȈ ǰ
ȥȚȖ ȊȏȌȖȘ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ țȏȕȈȓ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȐȍ șȊȈȓȐȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖ-
Ȋț ȧ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȓ șȚȘȈȠȕțȦ ȕȖȟȤ Ǵȍȕȧ ȚȘȧșȓȖ ȉȍșȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖ
ȗȖȌȒȐȌȣȊȈȓȖ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ǵȐ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȖȔȒȕțȚȤ
ȋȓȈȏ Ǫ ȔȖȏȋț șȚțȟȈȓȖ ȔȣșȓȐ ȊȐȝȘȍȔ ȕȍșȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȑ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤșȧ ǷȘȐȕȐȔȈȓ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȓȍȒȈȘ-
șȚȊȖ ȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ ȕȈȗȐȚȤșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȣ ȐȏȉȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȑ ȖȔȍȘ-
ȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȌȘȖȎȐ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȒȈȘțșȍȓȐ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ
ȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȓȖ Dz țȚȘț ȊȌȘțȋ ȔȣșȓȐ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȉȍ-
ȋȍ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȧșȕȐȓȖșȤ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓȖ ȗȖȌȒȐȌȣȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȍ-
ȓȐ Ȑ ȊȕțȚȘȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȓȈșȚȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș șȒȈȏȈȓ Țȣ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ țȉȐȚȤ
ǰ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȓ ȥȚȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐ ȚȈȒ Ȑ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ Ǫ
ȎȐȏȕȐ ȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȞȍȓȤ Ȉ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȧ ȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ
Ȑ ȎȐȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȒȈȒ Ȗȉ
țȉȐȑșȚȊȍ ȧ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȥȚȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȖȚ-
ȊȓȍȒȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ Ȕȕȍ ȌȍȓȈ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐ-
ȊȈȓ șȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔȐ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȚȍȒțȡȐȔȐ ȌȍȓȈȔȐ Ȕȕȍ ȊȕțȚ-
ȘȍȕȕȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ ©Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȈȎȕȖ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ —
ȕȈȌȖ țȉȐȚȤ!»
ǺȘțȌȕȖ Ȕȕȍ ȖȗȐșȈȚȤ șȊȖȍ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȅȚȖ ȊȖȚ
ȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȍ ȍșȓȐ ȊȏȧȚȤ ȌȓȐȕȕțȦ ȚȘțȉț ȠȐȘȖȒțȦ ș ȖȌȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ țȏȒțȦ ș ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ǰ ȧ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ș ȠȐȘȖȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ Ȉ
Ȋ țȏȒȐȑ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ǷȐșȒțȕȖȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȌȖȓ-
Ȏȍȕ țȉȐȚȤ ǹȚȍȕȒȐ Ȏȍ ȚȘțȉȒȐ ȗȘȍȌȖȝȘȈȕȧȓȐ ȔȖȑ ȔȖȏȋ ȖȚ
ȊȕȍȠȕȐȝ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȕȍȕțȎȕȣȝ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ ǷȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ
ȉȣȓȈ ȖȌȕȈ ȕțȎȕȈȧ țȉȐȚȤ

ǷȘȖȒțȘȖȘ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ ȖȉȌțȔȈȕȕȖȍ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȍ ǬȈ
ȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖȉȌțȔȣȊȈȓ ȧ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȕȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ, ȒȘȖȔȍ țȉȐȑșȚȊȈ,
ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ǩȣȓȈ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ȔȣșȓȐ ǩȣȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȣȠȍ Ȑ
șȐȓȤȕȍȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ǷȘȖȚȐȊ ȟȍȋȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȌȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȉȖȘȖȚȤ-
șȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȋ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȑ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȚȘțȉȣ Ȉ Ȋ țȏȒȖȔ
ȊȐȌȍȓ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ǷȐșȒțȕȖȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧ ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ
țȉȐȚȤ ǰ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȏȈȗȈȓȤȟȐȊȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǵȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȧ ȉȣȓ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȓȐȉȖ
ǹȓȖȊȕȖ ȏȈșȚȣȓȖ Ȋșȍ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȐ Ȑ ȕȍȚ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȟțȊșȚȊ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȧ ȏȈ-
șȚȘȈȝȖȊȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȑ ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȚȘȍȓȧȓ șȚȈ-
ȘȈȓșȧ ȞȍȓȐȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒ Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȖȌȈ ȌȊȈ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ țȟȐȓ ȕȈ ȌȈȟȍ
ȖȌȐȕ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ
Ǫȣ șȒȈȎȍȚȍ ȕȈȊȧȏȟȐȊȈȧ ȐȌȍȧ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȍ țȔȖȗȖȔȍȠȈ-
ȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ" ǵȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȉȍȏțȔȐȍ — ȒȈȎȌȖȍ ȚȊȍȘȌȖȍ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ
Ǫȣ șȒȈȎȍȚȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȗȘȈȊȈ ȕȈ șȈȔȖșțȌ" ǬȈ ǵȖ
ȍșȓȐ ȧ țȒȘȈȌț ȊȍȡȤ șȚȖȐȔȖșȚȤȦ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȗȍȍȒ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȉțȌțȚ șțȌȐȚȤ șțȌȖȔ ȗȘȐșȧȎȕȣȝ Ǩ ȍșȓȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ țȒȘȈȌȍȚ ȔȖȦ
Ȏȍȕț țȒȘȈȌȍȚ ȍȍ ȚȍȓȖ Ȑ ȌțȠț ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉțȌțȚ șțȌȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȒȘȈȎț
ǭșȓȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȌȖȊȍȘȧȓȐ ȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȖȉȔȈȕȡȐȒȖȔ
Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȍȔ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖșțȌȧȚ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȠȍȕȕȐȒȈ ǰ ȍșȚȤ șȓț-
ȟȈȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȗȘȈȊȖ ȕȈ șȈȔȖșțȌ
ȇ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȗȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȒȘȣȊȈȧ — șțȌȐȚȍ»
ǹȓȖȊȖ ȗȖȌșțȌȐȔȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ
Ȋșȍȝ Ȑ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȓȖ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȏȈȘȖȌȐȊȠțȦșȧ ȉȣȓȖ șȐȔȗȈȚȐȦ
ǷȘȖȒțȘȖȘ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓ, ȊȊȐȌț ȕȖȊȣȝ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȕȐȑ ǩȖȉȘȖȊ-
șȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȐ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ țȔșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖ-
șȚȐ ȗȖȌșțȌȐȔȖȋȖ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȌȍȓȖ ȍȋȖ Ȓ ȌȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȦ

86
dzDZǼ ǽǾdzǰǼǿȃǼDzǶȀdzǹȊǿȀǰǼ
I
Ǫ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȠȐ ǩȍȎȍȕȞȍȊȖȑ ȞȈȘȐȓȈ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ
ǷȖȊșȦȌț ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȋȈȠȍȕȣ ȖȋȕȐ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ șȗȈȓȤȕȍ șȚȈȘțȝȐ
ȚȍȗȓȐȓȈșȤ ȓȈȔȗȈȌȒȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȑ ȐȒȖȕȖȑ
ǵȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ȗȖȒȖȐȓȖșȤ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ șțȝȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ
ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȐȊȠȍȍșȧ ȗȖȌ șȚȍȋȈȕȣȔ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȣȔ ȖȌȍȧȓȖȔ ȉȍȏȖȉ-
ȘȈȏȕȣȔ ȏȐȋȏȈȋȖȔ ǹȔȖȘȡȍȕȕȖȍ ȏȓȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȖ Ȑȏ
ȟȍȗȟȐȒȈ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȖȘȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȒȘțȎȍȊȈȔȐ
Ǫ ȕȖȋȈȝ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȒȈȒ șȕȍȋ ȒȖȚ ȚȐȝȖ ȠȍȊȍȓȧ ȠȐȘȖ-
ȒȐȔ ȗțȠȐșȚȣȔ ȝȊȖșȚȖȔ ǺȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȊȣȋȐȉȈȧ șȗȐȕȒț ȏȍ-
ȊȈȓ ȘȖȏȖȊȖȑ ȗȈșȚȤȦ ȔȖȘȋȈȓ ȚȖ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȊȈȓșȧ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȧ
ȏȈșȚȘȍȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȘȖȓȐȒȈ Ȑ ȕȍȎȐȓșȧ Ȋ Țȍȗȓȍ Ȑ ȠȍȓȒȍ
ǺȘȍȗȍȚȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ ȓȈȔȗȈȌȣ ȖȚȉȘȈșȣȊȈȓ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȣȍ ȌȊȐ-
ȎțȡȐȍșȧ ȚȍȕȐ ȗȖ șȚȍȕȈȔ
ǩȣȓ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȟȈș ȕȖȟȐ
Ǫ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȍȌȊȈ șȓȣȠȕȣȑ ȠȖȘȖȝ ǶȡțȗȣȊȈȧ
Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ȘțȒȈȔȐ șȚȍȕț ȚȐȝȖ ȒȘȈȓȈșȤ șȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ
ǪȖȚ ȖȕȈ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȓȈ Ȋ ȗȖȓțȖȚȒȘȣȚțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ șȗȈȓȤȕȐ ǭȡȍ ȌȊȈ
ȠȈȋȈ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȊșȚțȗȐȓȈ Ȋ ȗȖȓȖșț șȊȍȚȈ ǹ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȌȖ ȕȖȋ ȉȍȓȖȍ
ȖȌȍȧȕȐȍ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȒȈȗȦȠȖȕȈ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ țȎȈșȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȣȑ ȟȍȘȍȗ
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȧȌȍȑ Ȋȣȗțȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȖș șȐȕȍȊȈ ȕȈ ȡȍȒȈȝ Țț-
șȒȓȣȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȊșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗțȟȖȒ ȠȍȘșȚȐ ȕȈ ȊȣȌȈȊ-
Ƞȍȑșȧ ȕȐȎȕȍȑ ȟȍȓȦșȚȐ — șȖȏȌȈȦȚ ȐȓȓȦȏȐȦ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȈ ȍȡȍ
ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȘȈșșȚȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ș ȖșȚȈȚȒȈȔȐ ȚȍȓȈ
ǼȐȋțȘȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ ȒȖșȚ-
ȓȧȊȣȍ ȘțȒȐ Ȋ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȝ ȘțȒȈȊȈȝ ȏȈȠȍȊȍȓȐȓȈșȤ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȈȧ
ȟȍȓȦșȚȤ Ȑ ȚȐȝȐȑ ȕȍȏȍȔȕȖȑ șȚȖȕ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȗȈȓȤȕȍ ȋȍȕȍ-
ȘȈȓȤȠȐ ǩȍȎȍȕȞȍȊȖȑ
ǷȍȘȊȣȔ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȒȖȚ șȍȓ Ȑ ȊȣȚȈȘȈȡȐȓ ȖȋȘȖȔ-
ȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȧ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑ-
ȠȍȋȖ șȚȘȈȝȈ ǷȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȒȖȚ ȌȈȎȍ ȉȣȓ ȘȈȌ ȕȖȊȖȔț Ȋȗȍ-
ȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȦ șȘȍȌȐ șȒțȟȕȖȑ ȔȖȕȖȚȖȕȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ

87
ȓȦȉȐȔȞȈ ȗȖȓțȔȍȘȚȊȖȑ șȚȈȘțȝȐ
ǷȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ ȏȈșȚȖȕȈȓȖ ȋȘȖȔȟȍ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȒȘȐȒ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ
ȕȍșȒȈȏȈȕȕȖȑ ȏȈȋȘȖȉȕȖȑ ȔțȒȐ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȚțșȚȖȘȖȕȕȧȧ ȎȈ--
ȓȖȉȈ ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȈȧ șȒȖȘȉȤ Ȗȉ țȚȘȈȚȍ ȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȧ
ǺȐȝȖȍ șȖȕȕȖȍ ȗȖșȊȐșȚȣȊȈȕȐȍ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȊȠȍȍșȧ Ȑȏ șțȝȖȋȖ
ȋȖȘȉȈȚȖȋȖ ȕȖșȈ ǩȍȎȍȕȞȍȊȖȑ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓȖșȤ ǶȚȒȘȣ-
ȓȖșȤ ȖȌȕȖ ȊȍȒȖ Ȑ ȏȈȚȘȍȗȍȚȈȓȖ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ǯȈȠȍȊȍȓȐȓȐșȤ ȒȘțȎȍ-
ȊȈ ȟȍȗȟȐȒȈ ǷȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ǪȣșțȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȖȌȍȧ-
ȓȈ ȐșșȖȝȠȈȧ ȘțȒȈ șȖȋȕțȓȈșȤ ȖșȚȘȣȔ țȋȓȖȔ ȖȗȍȘȓȈșȤ ǪȖȚ
țȎȍ șȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ șȚȈȘțȝȈ ǸȈșȒȘȣȓȐșȤ ȉȍșȒȘȖȊȕȣȍ ȋțȉȣ
ȏȐȧȍȚ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȌȣȘȈ ș ȌȊțȔȧ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȎȍȓȚȣȔȐ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ǫȖȘ-
ȉȖȔ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ șȚȈȘȟȍșȒȈȧ ȋȘțȌȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȐ
șȊȍȌȠȈȧ ș țȔȈ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȈ ǩȍȎȍȕȞȍȊȈ ȒȘȈșȖȚȖȑ ȌȍȊșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ
țȗȘțȋȐȝ ȜȖȘȔ
ǹȐȓȐȚșȧ ȒȘȐȒȕțȚȤ șȚȈȘțȝȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȓȖȊȐȚ
ȊȖȏȌțȝ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ țȎȈș ȖȚȘȈȎȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȒȘțȋȓȣȝ șȖȕȕȣȝ
ȋȓȈȏȈȝ Ǩ ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȖ ȉȓȐȎȍ ǺȧȕțȚșȧ ȒȖșȚȓȧȊȣȍ
ȘțȒȐ
ǯȈȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȒȖȚ ȗȖȟțȧȓ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔțȦ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ.
ǷȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ șȚȈȘțȝȍ ȚȘȍȚșȧ ȗțȠȐșȚȖȑ ȠȍȘșȚȤȦ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȍȚ
ȝȊȖșȚȖȔ ǺȖ ȕȈ ȝȖȏȧȑȒț ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȚȖ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ ȗȘȐȊȐ-
ȌȍȕȐȍ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȉȣȚȤ ȟȍȔ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ
ȀȐȘȍ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓșȧ ȉȍȏȏțȉȣȑ șȚȈȘțȝȐȕ ȘȖȚ Ȑ ș ȋȘȖȔȒȐȔ ȊȖȍȔ,
ș ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȓȈȉȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ șȐȓȖȑ ȗȖȕȍșșȧ ȗȘȐ-
ȏȣȊ Ȗ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ǷȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ ȖȚȗȘȧȕțȓȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ șȈȔȖ Ȑșȗț-
ȋȈȓȖșȤ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȉȘȖșȐȓȖșȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȖȊȈȓȐȓȖ ȕȈ ȗȖȌțȠȒț șȚȈ-
Șțȝț ȊȗȐȓȖșȤ ȒȖȋȚȐșȚȣȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ Ȋ ȌȘȧȉȓțȦ ȠȍȦ
ǹȊȐșȚȧȡȐȑ ȝȘȐȗ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȗȈȓȤȕȍ DzȖȚ șȗȘȣȋȕțȓ ȕȈ
ȗȖȓ Ȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖ ȝȖȌȐȓ ț ȕȖȋ ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ ǪșȗȣȝȕțȓȈ ȧȘȟȍ
ȓȈȔȗȈȌȒȈ ȉȓȍșȕțȓ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȑ ȊȍȕȟȐȒ ȒȘȖȚȒȐȑ ȓȐȒ ȐȒȖ-
ȕȣ ȐșȒȈȏȐȓșȧ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȊȠȍȑ ȚȍȕȤȦ
— ǪȈȕȧ ǪȈȕȧ șȒȖȘȍȑ
Ǫ ȌȊȍȘȧȝ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ ȋȘțȌȈșȚȈȧ ȒțȝȈȘȒȈ DzȈȒ-ȚȖ ȕȍ-
ȓȍȗȖ ȊȏȔȈȝȐȊȈȓȈ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ǷȖȓțșȔȧȚȈȧ șȖȘȖȟ-
ȒȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓȈ ȚȖȓșȚȣȍ ȖȉȘțȉȒȈȔȐ ȕȖȋȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȌȖ ȒȖȓȍȕ ǪȖ
ȓȖșȣ ȘȈșȚȘȍȗȈȕȣ ǫȓȈȏȈ — ȊȍȘȚȧȡȐȔȐșȧ ȒȖȓȍșȈȔȐ ǸȈȏȌț-
Țȣ șȔȍȠȕȣȍ ȋȓțȗȣȍ ȕȖȏȌȘȐ ǵȈ Ƞȍȍ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓ ȒȓțȉȖȒ țȎȈșȈ

88
— ǪȈȕȧ ǪȈȕȧ șȒȖȘȍȑ
ǰȏ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȣ ȊȣȕȣȘȕțȓ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȑ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȑ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ Ȋ
ȖȌȕȖȔ ȉȍȓȤȍ ǬȓȐȕȕȣȍ țșȣ ȉȘȐȚȣȑ ȗȖȌȉȖȘȖȌȖȒ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȖ
șțȘȖȊȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ șȖȓȌȈȚȈ
ǵȍ șȚȘțșȐȓ ǸȈȏ ȌȊȈ — ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ
ǹȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȗȍȘȍȒ ȚȍȓȈ ȌȈ ȒȈȒ ȠȊȈȘȒȕȍȚ Ȗȉ țȋȖȓ șȚȖ-
ȓȈ dzȍȎȐȚ ȕȈ ȗȖȓț șȚȖȕȍȚ ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ
ǷȖ-șȖȉȈȟȤȐ ȊȖȍȚ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȠȈ ǩȍȎȍȕȞȍȊȈ ǩȍșȚȖȓȒȖȊȖ Ȕȍ-
ȟȍȚșȧ ȗȖȓțȋȖȓȈȧ ȒțȝȈȘȒȈ ǾȣȒȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ șȖȓȌȈȚ
— ǺȍȓȍȜȖȕ ȋȌȍ ȌțȘȈ" ǯȊȖȕȐ Ȋ țȟȈșȚȖȒ
II
ǹȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤ ǨȜȘȖșȐȔȖȊ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȣȊȈȧ ȗȘȖȚȖȒȖȓ ȗȘȍȌȊȈ-
ȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȘȈȏȊȖȌȐȓ ǹȖȊȍȘȠȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȕȍȗȘȈȊȌȖȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȍ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ǿȚȖ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȗȖ-
ȟȚȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȚȈȚșȒȖȋȖ șȖȊȍȚȕȐȒȈ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȈ ȖȌȍȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȔȈșȒȈȘȈȌ-
ȕȣȑ ȒȖșȚȦȔ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȈ ȏȈȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȕȖȟȤȦ Ȋ șȗȈȓȤȕȦ ǩȍȎȍȕ-
ȞȍȊȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȗțȋȈȚȤ șȚȈȘțȝț Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȒțșȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ
ȍȍ ȎȐȏȕȤ"
©Ǭȓȧ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȐȧ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐ-
ȔȖ ȊȣȧșȕȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȚȐȊȣ ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȠȈ ǩȍȎȍȕȞȍȊȈ — ȉȖȋȈ-
ȚȈȧ șȚȈȘțȝȈ ǶȕȈ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȖȌȕȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘț Ȋ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȑ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȗȖșȓȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȔțȎȈ țȎȍ ȊȖșȤȔȖȑ ȋȖȌ ǻ ȕȍȍ ȗȘȍȊȖș-
ȝȖȌȕȈȧ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈ ȔȈșșȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȝ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ Ȋȍȡȍȑ
ǶȕȈ ȌȖȔȈ ȌȍȘȎȐȚ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖșȚȍȑ ȕȖ ȕȈȓȐȟȕȣȝ Ȍȍ-
ȕȍȋ ț ȕȍȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ǸȍȏȈȓȈ ȒțȗȖȕȣ ȖȚ ȗȘȖȞȍȕȚ-
ȕȣȝ ȉțȔȈȋ ȔȍȕȧȓȈ Ȑȝ Ȑ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȒȓȈȓȈ Ȋ ȉȈȕȒ ȕȈ ȚȍȒțȡȐȑ șȟȍȚ
ǹȒțȗȈȧ ȒȖȗȐȓȈ Ȑ ȒȖȗȐȓȈ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȟȍȋȖ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȒȖȋȖ
ǬȍȘȎȈȓȈ ȌȊțȝ ȗȘȐșȓțȋ șȚȈȘțȝț ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ șȍȔȐȌȍșȧȚȐ ȓȍȚ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȈȧ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȕțȓȈșȤ ȊșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ ȋȓțȝȖȚȣ Ȋ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȗȘȍ-
șȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȔȖȓȖȌțȦ ȒțȝȈȘȒț ǴȈȓȈȠț ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ
ȒȖȕȕȖȋȊȈȘȌȍȍȞ ǰȊȈȕ ǪȈșȦȒȖȊ Ȑ șȗȈș ǩȍȎȍȕȞȍȊț ȖȚ șȔȍȘȚȐ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȔ Ȓ ǷȍȚȘȖȊț Ƕȕ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȕȈ ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȓȍșȚȕȐ-
Ȟȍ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘț ȊșȍȋȖ Ȋ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ǮȍȕȈ ȗȧȚȍ-
ȘȖ ȌȍȚȍȑ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȚȈȘȠȐȑ șȣȕ — șȚțȌȍȕȚ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȌȖȟȤ

89
— ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐșȚȒȈ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ-ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐșȚ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈ ș ȗȈȘȈȓȐȟȖȔ
ȕȖȋ Ȑ ȌȊțȝȓȍȚȕȐȑ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ ǬȍȘȎȈȚ ȒțȝȈȘȒț ȋȖȘȕȐȟȕțȦ Ȑ
ȕȧȕȦ ǷȍȚȘȖȊ șȓțȎȐȚ Ȋ ȌȍȗȈȘȚȈȔȍȕȚȍ ȕȍȖȒȓȈȌȕȣȝ șȉȖȘȖȊ ǮȈ-
ȓȖȊȈȕȤȧ ȗȖȓțȟȈȍȚ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ Țȣșȧȟ ǷȖ șȓțȎȉȍ ȈȚȚȍș-
ȚȖȊȈȕ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȊȣȠȍȕȐȍ ǬȊȈ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȚȖ-
Ȕț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȎȍȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȈ ȕȈșȓȍȌșȚȊȖ Ȋ ȌȍșȧȚȤ Țȣșȧȟ Șțȉ-
ȓȍȑ ǹȈȔȖȍ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖȍ ȘȈșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȌȈȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȌȈȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȚȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ǷȍȚȘȖȊ ȐȔȍȓ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ țȊȓȍȟȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȕȈ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ǬȈ Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȖȎȐȓȖȑ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȣȑ
Ǫ ȒȈȘȚȣ ȕȍ ȐȋȘȈȍȚ ȕȍ ȗȤȍȚ ǷȖ ȊșȍȔ ȖȚȏȣȊȈȔ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ șȍ-
ȔȤȧȕȐȕ ȓȦȉȧȡȐȑ ȔțȎ Ȑ ȖȚȍȞ ȚȘțȌȖȓȦȉȐȊȣȑ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒ
DzȈȒ Ȏȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ" ǵȈ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ Ȗȕ Șȍȏ-
ȒȖ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ “ǹțȌȐȚȍ șȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȧ ȕȍ ȉțȌț”.
ǪȖȚ țȎȍ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȔȍșȧȞ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ șȐȌȐȚ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ȗȘȍȌȊȈȘȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ǷȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȓȖșȤ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖȍ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȚȍȓȤ-
șȚȊȖ ș ȕȈȊȧȏȟȐȊȖȑ ȐȌȍȍȑ ȕȖ ȥȒșȗȍȘȚȣ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȋȖȓȖș ȘȍȠȐ-
ȓȐ ȟȚȖ ǷȍȚȘȖȊ — ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȣȑ ǷȖȓȖ-
ȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ǵȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȕȐȚȍȑ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ șȒȖ-
ȓȤȒȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȝ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȑª
ǹȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤ ȍȘȖȠȐȓ ȊȖȓȖșȣ Ȑ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȊȏȈȌ Ȑ
ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ
©ǪȖȚ Ȑ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȌȖȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȈ ǴȖȓȟȐȚ ȒȈȒ ȗȍȕȤ
dzȐȞȖ șȍȘȖȍ țȕȣȓȖȍ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȍ ǺȐȗȐȟȕȣȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ
ȗȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋșȒȖȑ ȉȦȘȖȒȘȈȚȐȐ ǽȖȓȖȌȍȕ șȚȘȖȋ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȚȍȓȍȕ
DzȈȒ-ȚȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍȓȖȊȒȖ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȚȤ Ǩ ȊȍȌȤ ȒȈȒțȦ ȠȚțȒț
ȊȣȒȐȕțȓ ǶȌȍȓșȧ Ȋ șȈȊȈȕ ȕȈȗȧȓȐȓ ȔȈșȒț ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȈ ȌȖ șȔȍȘ-
ȚȐ ȗȍȘȍȗțȋȈȓ șȚȈȘțȝț ȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȌțȠȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ DzȈȒȐȔ-
ȚȖ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȌȖȉȣȓ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȑ ȒȓȦȟ ȖȚ ȊȝȖȌȕȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȇȊ-
ȕȖ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ș ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ ȖȉȌțȔȈȕȕȣȔ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȍȔ ǵȍț-
ȎȍȓȐ ș ȞȍȓȤȦ ȋȘȈȉȍȎȈ" ǷȘȖșȚȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȝȖȌȐȚ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ǪȍȌȤ
ȥȚȖ ȟȍȘȚ Ȋ șȚțȗȍ șȈȗȖȋȐ ȊșȔȧȚȒț ǰ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘ ȍȔț ȋȘȖȏȐȚ
ȖȟȍȕȤ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȑ
ǩȍȎȍȕȞȍȊȈ ȕȍ ȕȣȕȟȍ-ȏȈȊȚȘȈ țȔȘȍȚ ǪȘȈȟȐ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȦȚ
ȕȍȘȊȕȣȔ ȗȖȚȘȧșȍȕȐȍȔ ǷȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ ȌȖȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȚȤ Ȏȍȕț ǷȍȚȘȖ-
ȊȈ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȗȘȐșȓțȋț ȠȊȍȑȞȈȘȈ ȌȊȖȘȕȐȒȈ Ǫșȍ Ȋ țȎȈșȍ Ȋșȍ Ȋ
ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȕȐȐ ǷȍȚȘȖȊ ȎȐȊȍȚ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȌȖȔȍ țȎȍ ȗȧȚȤ
ȓȍȚ Ǫșȍ ȍȋȖ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȦȚ Ȋșȍ ȝȊȈȓȧȚ ǷȘȖșȚȖ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ
ȕȍ ȝȖȚȧȚ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ șȗȖșȖȉȍȕ ȕȈ țȉȐȑșȚȊȖª

90
Ǫ ȗȘȐȝȖȎȍȑ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ ǷȘȐșȓțȋȈ ȊȊȍȓȈ ȒțȘȤȍȘȈ ș
ȘȈșșȣȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȕȐȋȖȑ ǹȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤ ȘȈșȗȐșȈȓșȧ ȊșȒȘȣȓ ȗȈ-
ȒȍȚ Ȑ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ Ȉȝȕțȓ
©ǿȐșȓȧȡȐȑșȧ ȏȈ ȊȈȔȐ ȈȘȍșȚȈȕȚ șȚȈȚșȒȐȑ șȖȊȍȚȕȐȒ
ǼȍȌȖȘ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟ ǷȍȚȘȖȊ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȓȐȠȐȓ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȒȈ-
ȔȍȘȍ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȖȔ ȏȈȌțȠȍȕȐȧ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȖȑ șȊȐȚȖȑ Ȑȏ ȗȖ-
ȓȖș ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȕȕȖȑ șȖȘȖȟȒȐ ǵȈ șȚȖȓȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȍȕȈ ȗȖș-
ȔȍȘȚȕȈȧ ȏȈȗȐșȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȗȘȐ șȍȔ ȟȍșȚȤ ȐȔȍȦ ȗȘȍȗȘȖȊȖ-
ȌȐȚȤª
III
©ǫȖșȗȖȌȐȕ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤ ǶȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȗȘȐȊȍȌ-
ȠȐȍ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȚȦȘȤȔț ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȕȍȗȘȈȊȌȖȗȖȌȖȉȕȣ ȟȚȖ ȕȐ Ȋȣ
ȕȐ șțȌȤȧ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓȐ ȉȣ ȔȖȍȑ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȍȑ ȐșȗȖ-
ȊȍȌȐ ǰȏ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȘȈșșȗȘȖșȖȊ ȧ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ șȚȈȘȖșȚȐ
ȓȍȚ șȚȈȘȈȦȚșȧ ȖȉȊȐȕȐȚȤ Ȋ ȗȖȒțȠȍȕȐȐ ȕȈ țȉȐȑșȚȊȖ ș ȞȍȓȤȦ
ȋȘȈȉȍȎȈ ǰȔȧ ȔȖȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȖȗȖȏȖȘȍȕȖ ȎȍȕȈ Ȑ ȌȍȚȐ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȕțȚ
ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȓȐȠȐȚ Ȏȍȕț ȔȖȦ ȗȘȈȊȈ ȕȈ
ȗȍȕșȐȦ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȈȕȕțȦ ȔȕȖȦ ȔȕȖȋȖȓȍȚȕȐȔ ȚȘțȌȖȔ ǭșȓȐ Ȏȍ
ȧ ȖȚȒȘȖȦ ȐșȚȐȕț Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȧȚ ȚȖ ȊȍȌȤ șȚȣȌȕȖ ȋȖș-
ȗȖȌȐȕ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤ șȖȏȕȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȎȐȓȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț Ȋ ȚȈȒȐȝ
ȊȍȡȈȝ ǪȟȍȘȈ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȧ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȓȐȠȐȚȤ șȍȉȧ
ȎȐȏȕȐ ǺȈȒ ȉțȌȍȚ ȓțȟȠȍ ȇ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȚȤ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȏȈ-
ȗȐșȒȐ ǷțșȚȤ ȌțȔȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȚȧȚ ǵȖ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȒȖȋȌȈ
Ȋȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȐ ȧ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȍ ȗȖȎȈȓȍȓ ȊȈș ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ Ȋȣ
ȉȣȓȐ ȖȉȍșȗȖȒȖȍȕȣ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȐșȒȈȓȐ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȒȐ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ǵț ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȇ ȊȈȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȎț ȐșȚȐȕȕțȦ ȗȘȈȊ-
Ȍț Ǫȣ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȎȌȍȚȍ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣȝ ȘȈȏȖȉȓȈȟȍȕȐȑ Ȉ Ȑȝ-
ȚȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ǫȓțȗȈȧ ȗțșȚȈȧ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȈ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȌȍȓȈȓ
Ǫȣ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ șȒȈȎȍȚȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȗȐșȈȓ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȑ Ǩ
ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȧ Ȋ ȏȌȘȈȊȖȔ țȔȍ Ȑ ȚȊȍȘȌȖȑ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ șȓȖ-
ȎȐȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ǵȍ șțȔȍȦ ȊȈȔ ȐȏȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȗȖșȓȍ-
ȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȐȠțȚ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚȖȘȣ ǮȐȊț ȧ ș șȍȔȤȍȑ
Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ ȠȍșȚȖȑ ȋȖȌ ǷȘȐȊȣȒȓȐ Ȕȣ Ȓ ȌȖȔț Ȓ țȓȐȞȍ Ȓ
ȓȈȊȒȈȔ Ȓ ȠȊȍȑȞȈȘț Ȓ șȚȈȘȠȍȔț ȌȊȖȘȕȐȒț ǫȖȘȖȌȖȊȖȑ ȟȚȖ

91
șȚȖȐȚ ȕȈ țȋȓț Ȕȕȍ Ȑ Ȏȍȕȍ ȟȍșȚȤ ȖȚȌȈȍȚ ǷȘȐȊȣȒȓȐ Ȕȣ ȒȖ
ȊșȍȔț ȥȚȖȔț ǮȈȓȖȊȈȕȤȍ ȔȖȍ Ȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȍ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȒȐ — Ȋșȍ
țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȖ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȓȧȓȖșȤ Ȑ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȖ ǺȍșȕȖȚȈ ȗȖ-
ȓțȟȐȓȈșȤ țȎȈșȕȈȧ Ȉ ș ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ ȚȈȒ
ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȑ ȎȐȚȤ șȚȈȓȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ǪȍȘȐȚȍ ȓȐ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ șȓȍ-
ȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤ ȧ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȍȡȍ șȚȈȘ Ȑ ȎȍȕȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȗȖȓ-
ȕȖȔ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍ Ȑ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǵȖ Ȕȣ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȕțȎ-
Ȍȍȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȉȣȚȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ șțȗȘțȋȐ ȐȉȖ ȓȦȌȕȖ ț ȕȈș
Ȋ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ ȌȖ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ-
șȚȐ ȕȈȑȚȐ țȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȦȚ Ȑ ȖȚȌȖȝȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ǴȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏ
ȏȈȚȍȊȈȓȐ Ȕȣ ș ȎȍȕȖȦ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȣ Ȗ ȗȍȘȍȍȏȌȍ Ȗ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ
ȗȖȔȍșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ ȕȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȐ Ȓ ȌȖȔț Ȑ ȚȘțȌ-
ȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȣȍȝȈȚȤ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȎȍȕȈ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȈ ȕȈșȓȍȌșȚȊȖ — șȚȈ-
ȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȍȡȍ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ țȗȘȍȒȈȚȤ ǵȈȟȈȓșȧ ț ȕȈș ȏȌȍșȤ ȘȈȏȓȈȌ
șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ǯȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȖȝȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍ șȖ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȕȣ șțȗȘțȋȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ șȚȈȘȖȑ Ȑ ȎȐȏȕȍȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖȑ
ǬȈȎȍ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȑ ȕȈ șȚȖȘȖȕț șȚȈȓȈ ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȚȤșȧ ȔȖȧ Ȏȍ-
ȕȈ ǰ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȚȍșȕȖȚȣ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȕȖȑ ǵȈ-
ȕȐȔȈȑ Ȑ ȕȈȕȐȔȈȑ ȌȘțȋțȦ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘț Ȉ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ ȊȣȍȝȈȚȤ ȕȍ-
ȓȤȏȧ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȖȕȖ Ȑ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȕȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȐ ǹȚȈȓ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȚțȚ șȚȈȘȠȐȑ ȌȊȖȘȕȐȒ “ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȠȈ ǩȍȎȍȕȞȍȊȈ ȕȈ
ȓȈȌȈȕ ȌȣȠȐȚ ȊȖȚ ȗȖȔȘȍȚ — ȍȍ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘț Ȑ ȏȈȑȔȐȚȍ” ȀțȚȒȈ
— ȠțȚȒȖȑ Ȉ ȔȣșȓȤ ȥȚȈ ț ȕȈș ȋȊȖȏȌȍȔ ȏȈșȍȓȈ ǬȈȓȐ Ȕȣ ȕȈ
ȟȈȑ ȗȘȐșȓțȋȍ ȌȈ Ȋ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȠȐ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘț ȍȍ Ȗș-
ȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ Ǯȍȕȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȖȕȈ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈ-
ȚȈȔ ȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ ȘȈșȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȓȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ ȟȚȖ Ȗ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ ǮȍȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȞȍȓțȍȚ Ȗȉ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȖȑ șțȗȘțȎȍș-
ȒȖȑ șȗȈȓȤȕȍ ȕȈȠȍȗȚȣȊȈȍȚ ǪȖȚ ȎȌȍȔ-ȎȌȍȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȋȍȕȍ-
ȘȈȓȤȠȈ ǩȍȎȍȕȞȍȊȈ ȗȖȔȘȍȚ" Ǩ ȒȈȒ șȚȈȘțȝȈ Ȋșȍ ȎȐȓȈ ȚȖ Ȏȍ-
ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȊȖȏȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȓȈ “Ǻȣ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ — Țȣ ȖȉȧȏȈȕ”.
— “ǷȍȘȍȍȌȍȔ — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ — Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȖȔ”. — “ǪȖȚ ț ȊȈș Ȋșȍ-
ȋȌȈ ȖȌȐȕ ȋȓțȗȣȑ ȖȚȊȍȚ” Ǩ Ȋ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȚȍ-
ȊȈȍȚșȧ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ Ȗȉ țȌȖȉșȚȊȈȝ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȠȐȕȖȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȣ Ȑ Ȗȉ
ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȖȑ șțȗȘțȎȍșȒȖȑ șȗȈȓȤȕȍ “DzȖȚȐȒ”, — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȑ ȏȈ
țȝȖȔ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȡȍȒȖȟȍȚ ȅȝ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤ
ȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȊșȍȋȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ǪȣȎȐȚȤ ȘȍȠȐȓ-
șȧ ȧ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȠț ǹȚȈȘțȝȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȈ ȐșȗțȋȈȍȚșȧ ș ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȣ
șȢȍȌȍȚ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȊșȍȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȗțȋȈȚȤ ȌțȔȈȓ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ țȎ șȖ-

ȏȕȈȊȈȚȤșȧ ȚȈȒ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈȌȍȧȓșȧ ș Ȑșȗțȋț ȗȖȔȘȍȚ Ǩ
ȒȈȒ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ șȈȔ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ǭț-
ȠȐȚȤ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ ȊșȍȋȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤ Ȑȏ-
ȏȈ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȕȖȑ ȚȍșȕȖȚȣ Ȋșȍ ȊȣȠȓȖ ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȧ ȌțȘȈȒ — ȊȖȚ
ȟȚȖª

93
DzǰȁǹǶǸǶǷ
I
Ǫ ȗȘȐȋȖȘȖȌȕȖȑ șȓȖȉȖȌȒȍ ǵȈșȚȧ ǷȍȘȞȖȊȈ șȟȐȚȈȓȈșȤ ȗȍȘ-
ȊȖȑ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȍȑ ǵȖ ȒȈȒ ȕȐ țȝȈȎȐȊȈȓȐ ȏȈ ȕȍȑ ȔȍșȚȕȣȍ ȔȖ-
ȓȖȌȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȕȈȠȓȈ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȐȝ ȐȏȉȘȈȕȕȐȒȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ
ȠțȚȐȓȈ șȔȍȧȓȈșȤ ȗȓȧșȈȓȈ Ȉ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȓȈșȤ
DzȘȈșȈȊȐȞȍȑ ǵȈșȚȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȘȖșȚȖȑ ȊȒțș ȥȚȖȑ ȗȖȓțȌȍ-
ȘȍȊȕȐ ǪȣșȖȒȈȧ, ȋȘțȌȈșȚȈȧ ș ȠȐȘȖȒȐȔȐ ȉȍȌȘȈȔȐ Ȑ ȒȘțȚȖȑ
ȗȖȧșȕȐȞȍȑ ǸțȔȧȕȍȞ ȊȖ ȊșȦ ȡȍȒț Ǫȍȟȕȣȑ ȖșȒȈȓ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȝ
ȉȍȓȣȝ ȏțȉȖȊ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȖȓȕȣȔȐ ȋțȉȈȔȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȊȣȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȗȖȌ ȏȖȕȚȐȒȖȔ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȝ ȋțșȚȣȝ
ȘȍșȕȐȞ ȋȓȈȏȈ — ©ȘȍȒȖȑª DzȖșȈ ȕȐȎȍ ȗȖȧșȈ ǷȖȝȖȌȒȈ ș ȗȍ-
ȘȍȊȈȓȤȞȍȔ ǸȈȌȖșȚȤ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȉȘȣȏȎȍȚ Ȑȏ ȊșȍȋȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȏȌȖ-
ȘȖȊȖȋȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȍ ȗȖȥȚ-
ȌȍȒȈȌȍȕȚ ȏȈȉȘȍȌȠȐȑ Ȋ șȓȖȉȖȌț ȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȐȓ ȗȐȊȖ ȉȖȒȈȓ ȏȈ
ȉȖȒȈȓȖȔ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȚȘțȌȧșȤ ȕȈȌ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȔȣșȓȤȦ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ
ȘȈȏȘȍȠȐȓșȧ
— ǻ ȕȍȑ șȔȍȦȡȍȍșȧ ȚȍȓȖ
ǵȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ șȓȖȉȖȎȈȕ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȧȊȐȓșȧ ȔȈȚ-
ȘȖș ǪȈșȤȒȈ ǷȖȓȖȏ ǺȈȒ șȖȒȘȈȚȐȓȐ Ȋ ȚȘȈȒȚȐȘȍ ©ǹȐȋȕȈȓª ȜȈ-
ȔȐȓȐȦ ǷȖȓȖȏȖȊ
ǪȈșȤȒț ȗȖȓȦȉȐȓȐ ȏȈ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȑ ȕȘȈȊ țȝȈȘșȚȊȖ Ȉ ȍȡȍ ȉȖ-
ȓȤȠȍ ȏȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ șȖȘȐȓ ȌȍȕȤȋȈȔȐ ȕȍ șȟȐȚȈȧ țȋȖȡȈȓ Ȋșȍȝ ǹ
ȚȘȍșȒȖȔ ȐȋȘȈȓ ȕȈ ȉȐȓȤȧȘȌȍ ȒȈȚȈȓ ȠȈȘȣ ȕȈ ȒȍȋȍȓȤȉȈȕȍ ȗȐȓ,
ȕȍ ȖȚșȚȈȊȈȧ Ȑ Ȓ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȦ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȗȤȧȕȍȓ Ƿȍȓ ȗȍșȕȐ Ȑ
ȘțșșȒȐȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȏȍȕȕȣȍ ȐȔ Ȑȏ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȝ șȚȘȈȕ ǻȔȍȓ ȚȈȒ ȘȈș-
șȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ Ȗ șȊȖȐȝ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧȝ ȟȚȖ ȏȈșȓțȠȐȊȈȓșȧ ȊȍșȤ ȚȘȈ-
ȒȚȐȘ Ȑ ȋȘȈȔȔȖȜȖȕ țȕȣȓȖ ȚȖȘȟȈȓ ȕȈ ȉțȜȍȚȍ Ȑ ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȗțȉ-
ȓȐȒȐ ȕȍ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓ ©ǪȧȓȤȞȍȊțª ȐȓȐ ©ȀȈȓȧȗȐȕȈª
ǩȣȓȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ Ȗ ǪȈșȤȒȍ ǷȖȓȖȏȖȊȍ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȓțȎȐȚ ȕȈ ȋȘț-
ȏȖȊȖȔ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȍ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȐ ǹȖȊȍȘȠȈȍȚ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȌȖȓ-
ȋȐȍ Ȉ ȚȖ Ȑ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȍ ȗȖȍȏȌȒȐ ȕȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ ș Ȍȍ-
ȕȤȋȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȒțȟȐȊȈȍȚ ȊȍșȍȓȖ Ȋ șȓȖȉȖȌȍ
ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȘȈȓ ȊȍȘȝ ȕȈȌ șȓȖȉȖȌșȒȖȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȎȤȦ

94
ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ șȊȖȍȔț țȔșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔț ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌșȚȊț ȕȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ
ȕȍ ȖȉȐȎȈȓȐșȤ
ǰȕȚȘȐȋȈ ȗȖȠȓȈ ș ȚȖȑ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǷȖȓȖȏȖȊ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ
ȘȈȏ ȏȈșȔȖȚȘȍȓșȧ ȕȈ ǵȈșȚȦ Ȑ ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓșȧ
— ȅȒȈ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ
ǺțȚ Ȋșȍ Ȑ ȖȡȍȚȐȕȐȓȐșȤ ǹȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ șȚȈȘȈȧ ȖȉȐȌȈ ȕȈ ȘȈȊ-
ȕȖȌțȠȐȍ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ
— DzȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ ȌȈ ȕȍ Ȍȓȧ Țȍȉȧ ȘȖȡȍȕȈ ǹȔȖȚȘȐ ȉȘȈȚ ȕȖ-
ȋȐ ȗȍȘȍȓȖȔȈȍȔ
— ǰȠȤ ȗȓȈȠȒȍȚ ȚțȌȈ Ȏȍ
Ǩ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȒȘȖȔȕȣȑ Ȑȏ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ǪȈșȤȒȍ Ȑ șȖȖȉ-
ȡȐȓ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖ:
— Ǻȣ Ȋ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȈȓțȑ Ǵȣ ȕȈșȟȍȚ șȊȖȐȝ
ȌȍȊȖȒ — Ȗȝ — ȓȦȚȣ ǷȖȑȌȍȠȤ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȍȡȍ ȕȖȎȐȟȒȖȔ ȗȖ-
ȡȍȒȖȟțȚ
ǭȡȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ș ǪȈșȤȒȐȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȉ Ȋșȍ țȎȍ șȗȍ-
ȠȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȤ ©ǹȔȖȚȘȐ ȌȈ șȔȖȚȘȐª
ǴȈȚȘȖș ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏțȉȣ ȖșȒȈȓȐȓ Ȑ țș ȗȖȌȒȘțȚȐȓ
— ǬțȘȈȒȐ Ȋȣ ȗȖȋȓȧȎț ȧ ȕȈ ȊȈș ǹȈȔȐ ȊȏȧȚȤ ȌȍȊȒț ȕȍ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚȍ ȟțȎȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȉȖȐȚȍșȤ ȇ ȊȖȚ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȖȦșȤ șȒȖ-
ȓȤȒȖ ȕȐ ȋȘȖȏȐȚȍ ȅȑ ȊȣȝȖȌȐ ȒȚȖ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȌȘȈȚȤșȧ
— ǬȈ ț Țȍȉȧ ȕȍȉȖșȤ ȕȖȎ ȐȓȐ ȓȍȊȖȘȊȍȘȚ"
— ǭșȚȤ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ Ȑȝ ȕȈ șȚȖȓ ȗȖȓȖȎț ǪȣȝȖȌȐ ȌȘȈȚȤșȧ ȋȖ-
ȓȣȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
ǪȈșȤȒȈ ǷȖȓȖȏ ȗȖȌȔȧȓ ȉȍȏ ȗȍȘȍȌȣȠȒȐ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ ȗȈȘȕȍȑ
Ǩ ȗȧȚȣȑ ȗȈȌȈȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ ȒȖȓȤȕțȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȖȎȖȔ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȤ ǪȈșȤȒȈ
ȖȏȓȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȍȕȕȖ ȐȏȉȐȊȈȓ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȧ
— ǹȒȓȐȏȤ Țȣ ȋȈȌȐȕȈ șȊȖȓȖȟȤ ȔȖȘșȒȈȧ
ǸȈȕȈ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍȖȗȈșȕȖȑ ȕȖ ȌȘțȋȐȔ șȚȈȓȖ ȒȖȕȜțȏȕȖ Ȑ
ȖȕȐ șȈȔȐ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȔȐȘȖȊțȦ
— ǴȖȓȖȌȍȞ ǪȈșȤȒȈ ǬȈȑ ȍȔț șțȒȐȕț șȣȕț ȘȊȈȕȤ ǿȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȒȓȖȟȤȧ ȓȍȚȍȓȐ ǰȠȤ Țȣ ȗȖȌȓȍȞ ȕȖȎȐȒ ȗȖȌșȖȊȣȊȈȍȚ
ǵȍȚ Țȣ ȗȖȗȘȖȉțȑ ȟȍșȚȕȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȖ
ǵȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȔȐȘȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȊȣȗȐȓȐ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȈ ǪȈșȤ-
ȒȐȕ șȟȍȚ
ǵȖ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȔȈȚȘȖș șȚȈȓ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ ș ȌȍȊțȠȒȖȑ Ȑ ȊȐȌȕȖ șȚȈȓȖ
ȟȚȖ ȖȉȈ ȓȤȕțȚ ȌȘțȋ Ȓ ȌȘțȋț ȊȖȏȋȖȘȍȓȈșȤ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȈȘȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ
ȘȍȊȕȖșȚȤ șȓȖȉȖȌșȒȐȝ ȗȈȘȕȍȑ

95
— ǵȈȠȈ ȌȍȊȒȈ
ǷȘȖȉȖȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ ǷȖȓȖȏȖȊȈ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȖȉȓȈȊț ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȍȟȍȘ-
ȕȐȝ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȑ ȍȋȖ ș ǵȈșȚȍȑ ȌȈ ȘȈȏȉȘȖșȈȓ Ȗȕ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȘșȒȐ ȚȘț-
șȓȐȊȣȝ ȏȈȊȐșȚȕȐȒȖȊ
ǶȚȞȈ ț ǵȈșȚȐ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǮȐȓȈ șȖ șȚȈȘțȝȖȑ-ȔȈȚȍȘȤȦ ǺȈ
ȌȖȓȋȖ ȒȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȔȈȚȘȖșȈ Ȑ ȕȍ șȌȈȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȦȉȍȏ-
ȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȕȖșȚȤ ǵȈȓȐȊȒț ȗȐȓȈ Ȑ ȐȏȦȔȖȔ ȏȈȒțșȣ-
ȊȈȓȈ Ȉ șȈȔȈ Ȋșȍ ȕȈ ȖȒȕȈ ȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȓȐ ȕȈ șȚȍȒ-
ȓȈȝ ȗȘȐȗȓȦșȕțȚȣȝ ȕȖșȖȊ ȗȖȌȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȦȡȐȝ ȗȈȘȕȍȑ
ǵȖ ǪȈșȤȒȈ ǷȖȓȖȏȖȊ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓ ǷȘȐȒțȗȐȓ ȕȈ
ȐȔȧ ǵȈșȚȐ șȖșȍȌȕȍȍ ȗțșȚȖȗȖȘȖȎȕȍȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȊȣșȚȘȖȐȓ ȕȖȊȣȑ
ȗȖȔȍșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȌȖȔ DzțȗȐȓ ȚȘȐ ȒȖȘȖȊȣ șȊȐȕȍȑ ǯȈȗȘȣ-
ȋȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȞȍȗȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ șȖȉȈȒȈ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȦȡȈȧ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ
ȌȖ ȐșȚȍȘȐȒȐ Ȑ ȗȈȌțȟȍȑ

96
ǻȗȖȒȖȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȔȧȋȒȖȑ ȗȍȘȐȕȍ șȚȈȘȣȍ ȒȖșȚȐ ǵȈșȚȐȕȈ ȔȈȚȤ.
ǵȈȕȧȓȈ ȉȈȚȘȈȟȒț ǹȚȍȗȈȕȐȌț Ȑ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈ ȍȍ șȚȈȊȐȚȤ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ
ȌȍșȧȚȤ șȈȔȖȊȈȘȖȊ ǿȈȑ ȉȍȏ șȓȈȌȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȐȓȈ ȉȍȏ ©ȉȈȓȤ-
ȏȈȔȈª ȏȈ șȚȖȓ ȕȍ șȈȌȐȓȈșȤ ǹȖȊșȍȔ ȘȈșȚȖȓșȚȍȓȈ șȚȈȘțȝȈ Ȑ Ȋ
ȎȐȊȖȚ ȗȖȠȓȈ
ǷȈȘȕȐ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȊȖȘȖȚȈ ȌȍȋȚȍȔ ȔȈȏȈȚȤ ȌȈ șȓțȟȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȚțȚ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖȍ ǪȈșȐȓȐȑ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȣȟ ǷȖȓȖȏȖȊ
șȚȈȘȠȐȑ ȔȈȚȘȖș ȋȘțȏȖȊȐȒȈ ©ǵȈȌȍȎȌȈª șȌȍȓȈȓ ȜȖȘȔȍȕȕȖȍ
ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ǨȕȈșȚȈșȐȐ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȖȑ ǷȍȘȞȖȊȖȑ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ șȖ-
ȋȓȈșȐȍ Ȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȕșȒȖȍ ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȍȕȐȍ
ǵȈ șȊȈȌȤȉȍ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋșȧ șȓȖȉȖȌȈ Ȑ ȕȐȒȚȖ țȋȖȡȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ
ȖȉȐȎȍȕ
— ǰ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ț ǪȈșȤȒȐ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȚȈȒȐȍ?
ǵț, ȌȈ ȥȚȖ ©ȌȍȓȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȈª ©ȕȈȠȈ ȝȈȚȈ ș ȒȘȈȦª ©Ȋ ȟț-
ȎȖȔ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȍ ȕȍ șȟȐȚȈȑª ǷȐȓȐ ȍȓȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ șȓȈȊȐȓȐ
ǷȖȎȐȓ ǷȖȓȖȏȖȊ ș ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȎȍȕȖȑ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȌȊȍ
— ǷȖȘȈ ȕȈ șȓțȎȉț ǪȍȘȕțșȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ǰȌȍȔ Ȋ
ȕȍȌȈȓȤȕȐȍ ȗȖȘȚȣ ǮȌȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌțȠȈ ȔȖȧ ǹȒȖȘȖ ȊȍȘȕțșȤ ȗȘȐ-
Ȋȍȏț ȖȉȕȖȊȒȐ Ȑȏ ȏȈȋȘȈȕȐȞȣ ǵȍ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȟȍȚȈ
ǸȈșȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ Ȏȍȕț ȟȔȖȒȕțȓ Ȑ șȚȈȘțȝȐȕȣ șȓȦȕȧȊȣȍ ȋțȉȣ.
Ǭȍȕȍȋ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȊȊȖȓȦ ǰ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒȖȊ
— ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ — ȏȓȖȉșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȗȈȘȕȐ. — ǬȍȕȤ-
ȋȐ ȕȍ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȋȘȈȉȓȍȕȣ ǷȖȉȈȓȖȊȈȓșȧ ș ȌȍȊȒȖȑ ȌȈ Ȑ Ȓ
șȚȖȘȖȕȍ!
— ǬȈ ȊȍȌȤ Ȋ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ ȊȍȕȟȈȓșȧ
— ǪȍȓȐȒȈ ȠȚțȒȈ ǷȘȐȍȝȈȓ ȕȍȊȍșȚȤ ȖȚȒțȌȈ Ǫșȍȝ ȏȈȒțȗȐȓ
Ǩ ȗȖ ȕȣȕȍȠȕȐȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈȔ ©ȖȟȒȐª * ȗȧȚȤ ȞȍȓȒȖȊȣȝ ǷȍȘȊȣȑ
șȖȘȚ
— Ǩ ȔȍșȚȖ ȒțȗȐȓ" ǬȖȔ ȊȣșȚȘȖȐȓ" ǬȍȕȤȋȐ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ"
— ǫȘȈȉȍȎȖȔ ȊȏȧȚȖ — ȕȍ ȎȈȓȒȖ
ǵȖ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ǵȈșȚȐȕȣ
ȡȍȒȐ ȘȈșȞȊȍȓȐ ȔȈȒȖȔ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȏȈȉȓȍșȚȍȓȐ ȋȖȘȌȣȔ ȉȓȍșȒȖȔ
țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȕȖȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ ǹȚȈȘțȝȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȏȈȗȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȘȈȌȖș-
Țȧȝ ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȓȖȉȖȌȈ țȋȖȡȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȚȘȈȒȚȐȘȍ ȏȈ șȟȍȚ ǷȖȓȖ-
ȏȖȊȈ Ȑ șȓțȠȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȘȖșșȒȈȏȕȐ
* ɉɨɞɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬ ɉɪɢɦ ɚɜɬ.).

97
ǺȈȒ Ȑ ȗȖȠȓȖ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ǻȍȏȎȈȍȚ ǪȈșȤȒȈ Ȋ ȗȓȈȊȈȕȤȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȍȏȎȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȗȖȉȣȊȒț ș ȌȍȕȤȋȈȔȐ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȓȦȉȐȓșȧ ș ǵȈșȚȍȑ
ǶȕȈ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȌțȠȐ ȕȍ ȟȈȧȓȈ Ȑ ȘȈșȚȐȓȈ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ ȌȍȊȖȟ-
Ȓț ȚȖȎȍ ǵȈșȚȍȑ ȕȈȏȊȈȓȐ
ǰ Ȋșȍ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȐ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȎȐȊȍȚ ǷȖȓȖ-
ȏȖȊ ș ǵȈșȚȍȑ Ȉ ȕȈȓȍȚȈȍȚ ȒȈȒ șȖȒȖȓ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈȔȐ
DzȖȔț ȒȈȒȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ" ǵȈșȚȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȍȘȕȈ ȔțȎț ȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖ
ȎȌȈȓȈ Ȑ Ȋșȧ ȐȏȕȣȊȈȓȈ ȖȚ șȚȘȈșȚȐ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧȝ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ
ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ
II
— ǺȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȈ ȊȈȠȍȔț șȐȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊț
dzȐȊȘȍȑȕȣȑ ȓȈȒȍȑ șȒȓȖȕȧȧșȤ Ȑ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȧ ȚȖȓșȚȣȔȐ ȐȒ-
ȘȈȔȐ Ȋ ȟțȓȒȈȝ ȗȖȌȈȓ ȕȈ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȖȔ ȗȖȌȕȖșȍ ȕȍȖȗȘȧȚȕȣȑ
ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕȣȑ ȉȓȈȕȒ
ǹ ȒțȠȍȚȒȐ ȖȉȐȚȖȑ șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȖ-șȍȘȖȑ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȖȑ ȚȒȈȕȤȦ
ȊșȒȖȟȐȓȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ
ǺȖȕȒȐȔȐ ȕȍȘȊȕȣȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȖȕȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȓȈ ȗȈ-
ȒȍȚ
©ǷȘȐȍȌț ȒțȘȤȍȘșȒȐȔ ǾȍȓțȦ Ȑ ȓȦȉȓȦ ǺȊȖȑ DzȖșȚȧª
— ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ-ȚȖ
ǫȘȈȜȐȕȧ ǯȉȖȘȖȊșȒȈȧ — ȞȈȘȐȞȈ ȊȍȓȐȒȖșȊȍȚșȒȐȝ ȉȈȓȖȊ
ȗȘȖșȓȈȊȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ — ȊȣȠȓȈ ȏȈȔțȎ ȗȖ ȓȦȉȊȐ ǩȘȈȒ
ȥȚȖȚ șȟȐȚȈȓșȧ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȔ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ ȟȈșȚȖ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ Ȋ ȈȘȐ-
șȚȖȒȘȈȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȒȘțȋț ǫȘȈȜ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȑ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ,
ȉȣȓ ȐȏȊȍșȚȍȕ, ȒȘȖȔȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȈ șȚȘȈșȚȤȦ Ȓ șȗȖȘȚț ȊȖ
Ȋșȍȝ ȍȋȖ ȊȐȌȈȝ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȟȓȍȕȖȔ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȈ șȗȖȘȚȐȊȕȣȝ Ȗȉ-
ȡȍșȚȊ țȟȈșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȋ șȖșȚȧȏȈȕȐȧȝ, ȉȘȈȓ ȗȘȐȏȣ Ǫ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ
ȊȘȍȔȧ șȚȈȓ țȊȓȍȒȈȚȤșȧ ȈȊȐȈȞȐȍȑ
DzȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȓ ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȐ șȐȧȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȗȐȓȖȚȈ șȕȧȊȠȍ-
ȋȖșȧ ȕȈ «ǼȈȘȔȈȕȍ» ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȎȍȕȖȑ" ǶȌȕȐ ȊȖșȝȐȡȈȓȐșȤ Ȕț-
ȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȜȐȋțȘȖȑ ȋȘȈȜȈ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȔ ȧșȕȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ
ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȈȓȔȈȏȈȔȐ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏ Ȑ ȋȖȘȌȣȔ ȘȚȖȔ ȗȖȌ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ
ȠȍȓȒȖȊȐșȚȣȔȐ țșȈȔȐ ǬȘțȋȐȍ ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȔȖȓȖȌțȦ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕț șȚȖȧȡțȦ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȜȖȔ Ȑ țȝȊȈȚȐȊȠțȦșȧ ȖȉȍȐȔȐ Șț-

99
ȓȖ ȗȖȌȣșȒȈȚȤ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȍ
Ƕȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȗȘȖșȚȖ :
— ǯȐȕȈ ȧ ȍȌț ȕȈ ȖȝȖȚț
ǰȓȐ
— ǯȐȕȈ ȧ ȍȌț ȗȖ ȌȍȓȈȔ
ǰ ȗȘȖȗȈȌȈȓ ȗȖ ȕȍȌȍȓȧȔ ǮȍȕȈ ȊȍȘȧȡȈȧ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ Ȋ
ǩȖȋȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȈ Ȉ Ȗȕ ȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ
Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȖȍȏȌȒȍ
Ǫ ȌȕȐ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȈ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȧ țȚȍȠȈȓȈșȤ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔ șȣ-
ȕȖȔ ȉȖȑȒȐȔ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȔ ȔȈȓȤȟțȋȈȕȖȔ
ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȖȚȓțȟȒȐ ȔțȎȈ ȐȔȍȓȐ Ȑ șȊȖȦ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȤ ǶȕȐ Ȗș-
ȊȍȎȈȓȐ șȚȘȈșȚȤ Ȑ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȈ Ȗ șȒȖȘȖȔ
ȗȘȐȍȏȌȍ ȋȘȈȜȈ ǯȐȕȈ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ
șȊȈȌȤȉȣ Ȋ ȉȖȧȏȓȐȊȖ-șȚȘȈșȚȕȖȔ ȗȘȍȌȊȒțȠȍȕȐȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ.
ǪȍȘȕțȊȠȐȑșȧ ȔțȎ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȎȍȕ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ șȚȘȈșȚȐ
ȚȈȒ șȐȓȤȕȣ Ȑ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȐ ǰ ǯȐȕȈ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȓȈ ȚȖșȒț ȊȘȍȔȍȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȈ ȒțȗȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȓȕȈȝ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȑ ȓȈșȒȐ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȋȘȈȜ țȍȝȈȓ ȗȖ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȦ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȊ
ȒțȌȈ ǯȐȕț ȕȈȊȍșȚȐȓ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȌȘțȋ ȍȍ ȖȚȞȈ ǰȊȈȕ ǬȐȔȐȚȘȐȍ-
ȊȐȟ ǺȍȓȍȠȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȖȕȈ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȍȡȍ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȖȔ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ ȉțȒȍȚ ȘȍȌȒȐȝ ȖȘȝȐȌȍȑ ȕȈ-
ȗȐȓșȧ ȒȖȜȍ Ȑ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ ȏȈȒțȘȐȚȤ șȐȋȈȘț ǯȐȕȈ
ș țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȟȚȖ ǺȍȓȍȠȖȊ ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȑ țȘȈȊ-
ȕȖȊȍȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȊȖȓȕțȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȍ
ȏȕȈȍȚ, ș ȟȍȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȚȤ
— ǯȐȕȈ ȋȌȍ ȚȊȖȑ ȔțȎ"
ǫȘȈȜȐȕȧ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ ȕȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț țȓȣȉȕțȓȈșȤ
— DzȈȒ ȋȌȍ" ǹȚȘȍȓȧȍȚ ȘȧȉȟȐȒȖȊ ȖȝȖȚȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȌȐȒȐȝ ȒȈȉȈ-
ȕȖȊ ȗȓȈȊȈȍȚ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȕȈ ȧȝȚȍ ȗȘȖȉțȍȚ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ ȇ
Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȍȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ ȕȍ ȔȍȠȈȦșȤ
— DZ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ
— ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȋȣ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ǰȊȈȕ ǬȐȔȐȚȘȐȍȊȐȟ"
Ǫ ȋȖȓȖșȍ ǯȐȕȣ ȏȊțȟȈȓȈ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈ ǺȍȓȍȠȖȊ ȏȈȚȧȕțȓșȧ șȐ-
ȋȈȘȖȑ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȊȌȈȓȤ
— ǪȐȌȐȠȤ ǯȐȕȈ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȒț ȚȊȖȍȔț ȖȚȞț ©ǵȍ
ȖȚȌȈȊȈȑ ȌȖȟȤ ȏȈ ǯȉȖȘȖȊșȒȖȋȖ Ȋșȧ Ȑȝ șȍȔȤȧ — ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȕȍ-
ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȕȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ, ȕȍ ȒȈȒ Ȋșȍª Ǵȕȍ ȚȊȖȑ ȖȚȍȞ
ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓ Ȑ Țȣ ȊȣȠȓȈ ȏȈȔțȎ Ǩ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȗȘȈȊ

— ǫȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ ȕȍ ȔțȟȤȚȍ
— ǯȐȕȈ ȉțȌȤ ȋȖȚȖȊȈ ȊȣșȓțȠȈȚȤ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ, ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ,
ȘȈȏȖȉȤȍȚ ȚȊȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǫȘȈȜ DzȖȕșȚȈȕȚȐȕ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ ǯȉȖȘȖȊ-
șȒȐȑ ȚȊȖȑ ȔțȎ ȎȍȕȈȚ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȍ
șȓȖȉȖȌșȒȖȑ ȔȍȡȈȕȒȍ ȗȖȌ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ǪȈșȐȓȐȧ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊȈ ǷȖ-
ȓȖȏȖȊȈ ȔȈȚȘȖșȈ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȋȖ ȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȧ Dz ȕȍȑ ȒȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ șȊȖȍȑ
Ȏȍȕȍ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȍȏȌȐȚ, ȖȉȔȈȕȣȊȈȧ Ȑ Țȍȉȧ, Ȑ ȍȍ ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȚȈȔ Șȍȉȍ-
ȕȖȒ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈ
ǺȍȓȍȠȖȊ ȕȍ ȒȖȕȟȐȓ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȚȤ Ȋ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȋȘȈ-
ȜȐȕȦ ȓȍȎȈȊȠțȦ ȕȈ ȒȖȊȘȍ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȔ ȖȉȔȖȘȖȒȍ
_____
ǯȐȕȈ ȕȐȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȔțȎț ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȘȖȒȖȊțȦ
ȚȈȑȕț ǰ ȋȘȈȜ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȎȐȚȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȌȊȖȑȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ,
ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧșȤ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ©ȈȘȐșȚȖȒȘȈȚȈ ș ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȌȖ ȗȧȚª
ȒȈȒ ȍȋȖ ȏȊȈȓȐ ȌȘțȏȤȧ Ȋ ȊȍșȍȓȖȋȖ ȔȈȚȘȖșȈ ǪȈșȤȒț ǷȖȓȖȏȖȊȈ
Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȍȎȕȣȝ ȌțȠȐșȚȣȝ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȑ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓ ȖșȖ-
ȉțȦ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȤ Ȋ ȋȘțȉȖȊȈȚȣȝ ȔȖȋțȟȐȝ ȓȈșȒȈȝ ǵȈșȚȐ
ǵȖ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ ȌȍȕȤ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȊȠȐ ȊșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȌȊȖȍȎȍȕȞȈ
ǪȖȑȌȧ Ȋ ȉțȌțȈȘ Ȏȍȕȣ Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȍ țȎȈșȈ
ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓȖ ȉȐȚȤșȧ ǪȖȏȌțȝȈ ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȈȓȖ Ȍȓȧ Ȍȣ-
ȝȈȕȐȧ
ǸȧȌȖȔ ș ǯȐȕȖȑ ȕȈ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȖȑ ȒțȠȍȚȒȍ șȐȌȍȓȈ ǵȈșȚȧ Ȑ
Ȗȉȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ Ȋ țȗȖȘ ǰ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȍ Ȗȕ
ȕȍ țȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȓȈșȒȖȊȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ șȊȖȐȝ ȔȐȓȣȝ Ȏȍȕ
ǯȐȕȈ ȊșȚȈȓȈ Ȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȚȧȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȊȖ ȊȍșȤ ȘȖșȚ,
ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȓȈ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— DzȖșȚȧ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ Ȋșȍ ǵȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐ ȕȍ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȣȊȈȑșȧ ȇ ȖȉȖ
ȊșȍȔ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ș ǵȈșȚȍȑ ǵȍ ȕțȎȕȖ șȞȍȕ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ șȓȍȏ,
ȖȉȔȖȘȖȒȖȊ Ǵȣ Ȗȉȍ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȐșȝȖȌ Ȑȏ ȚȖȋȖ țȎȈș-
ȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ Țȣ ȕȈș ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ Ǻȣ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȗȖȌ-
ȟȐȕȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈȠȍȔț ȘȍȠȍȕȐȦ ǹȓțȠȈȑ
_____

ǶǺ ǨǪǺǶǸǨ
ȇ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȓ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȕȈ ȟȍȔ ȗȖȘȍȠȐȓȐ Ȏȍȕȣ ȋȘȈȜȈ
ǯȉȖȘȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ǷȘȖȠț ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ Ȑ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȐȞ ©ǹȐ-
ȕȍȋȖ ȎțȘȕȈȓȈª ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȊȣșȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȗȖȊȖȌț
ǹȚȖȐȚ ȊȍȌȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔțȎȟȐȕȍ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ ȕȈ
ȔȍșȚȖ ȋȘȈȜȈ Ȉ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȍ — ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȖ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ Ȏȍȕ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖ-
ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ șȈȔȐ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȓȐ ȉȣ Ȋ ȌȈȕȕȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ
ǹȊȖȌ ȔȕȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ țȌȈȟȕȣȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȣ ȉțȌțȚ ȕȈ-
ȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȣ Ȋ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȐȝ ȹȹ ©ǹȐȕȍȋȖ ȎțȘȕȈȓȈª
C. C.

102
ǸȀǼ ǵǰǼǻǶǹ"
I
ǬȖȔȐȒ ȊșȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȚȘȍȝ ȒȖȔȕȈȚ ǬȊȍ ȗȖȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȚȘȍȚȤȧ șȖȊ-
șȍȔ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ Dzțȝȕȧ șȍȕȐ ȟțȓȈȕȣ ǵȈ ȌȊȖȘȍ ȗȖȌȋȘȍȉ șȈ-
ȘȈȑ ǼȘțȒȚȖȊȣȑ șȈȌȐȒ
Ǫșȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ ȕȖ șȊȖȍ ǪȖȚ ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȖ DzțȗȐȓ ȏȈ ȉȍș-
ȞȍȕȖȒ ǷȘȖȌȈȓȐ ȕȈșȓȍȌȕȐȒȐ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ǹȗȍȠȐȓȐ
Ȉ ȗȖȒțȗȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȕȍȚ DzȖȔț ȕțȎȕȈ ȓȈȟțȋȈ ȕȈ ȋȓțȝȖȑ ȖȒȘȈȐȕȍ
țȍȏȌȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ" DzȘțȋȖȔ ȖȋȖȘȖȌȣ ȗțșȚȣȘȐ Ǩ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȋȖ-
ȘȖȌșȒȖȍ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȍ ǻȓȐȞȈ ȕȍȔȖȡȍȕȈȧ Ȑ ȏȈȘȖșȓȈ ȚȘȈȊȖȑ ǷȖ-
ȒȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ ȕȍ ȕȖșȧȚ ȔȐȔȖ ȖȒȖȕ ȕȖ ȓȍȚȖȔ șȓȣȠȕȖ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȗȖ-
ȝȖȘȖȕȕȖȍ ȗȍȕȐȍ
ǰ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȕȈȌȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȘȣȌȈȕȐȍȔ ȟȤȧ-ȚȖ ȋȘțȌȤ
ǵȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȥȚȖ ȕȈȋȖȕȧȍȚ ȚȐȝțȦ ȋȘțșȚȤ ǪȍȘȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗțȋȓȐȊȖ
ȎȔȍȚșȧ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ
Ǵȣ țȠȓȐ ȊȌȊȖȍȔ ȖȚ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈȔ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ǿȚȖȉȣ
ȓȦȉȐȚȤ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ Ȕȣ ȗȍȘȍȠȓȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȘțȗȣ ǶȕȈ
ȉȘȖșȐȓȈ ȔțȎȈ ȧ ȘȈșșȚȈȓșȧ ș ȞȍȓȖȑ șȍȔȤȍȑ
— DzȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȦȚ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȚȗȍȊȈȦȚ Țȍȝ ǴȐȓȣȑ
ȧ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȉȣ ȏȈȉȣȚȤ
ȇ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȏȈȉȣȚȤ ȕȖ șȒȘȣȊȈȦ ǰ ȞȍȓțȦ ȍȍ ȌȖȓȋȖ
ȞȍȓțȦ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȋȖȘȐȚșȧ ȚȓȍȦȡȐȑ ȒȖșȚȍȘ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȍȕ--
ȕȖșȚȐ ǰ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȖȘȣȊȐșȚȣȍ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧ ȌȈȦȚ ȗȖȒȖȑ ȕȈȠȐȔ
ȌțȠȈȔ ǰ ȕȈȔ ȕȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȣ ȚȘțȗȣ ȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȏȈȌȐ
Ǵȣ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȎȐȚȤ ȉȍȏ ȗȘȐșȓțȋȐ ȇ — ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ Ȑ șȐȓȤ-
ȕȣȑ ǶȕȈ — ȏȌȖȘȖȊȈȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȎȍȕțȠȒȈ ǭȑ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȚȘțȌȐȚȤ-
șȧ ǵȍ țșȚȈȍȚ ȋȘțȌȤ ȌȣȠȐȚ ȘȖȊȕȖ ǽȖȝȖȟȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈ Ȑȋ-
ȘȈȦȡȈȧ Ȋ ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȖ
ǰȕȖȑ ȘȈȏ Ȕȕȍ șȖȊȍșȚȕȖ ǴȖȍȚ ȗȖȓȣ ȉȖșȐȒȖȔ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȗȖȌ-
ȊȧȏȈȊ ȦȉȒț ȒȈȒ ȌȍȓȈȦȚ ȉȈȉȣ Ǵȕȍ ȎȈȓȒȖ ȥȚȐȝ ȋȖȓȣȝ ȌȖ
ȗȓȍȟ ȕȍȎȕȣȝ ȘțȒ ȖȚȎȐȔȈȦȡȐȝ ȋȘȧȏȕțȦ ȚȘȧȗȒț ǩȍȋț șȒȖ-
Șȍȍ ȕȈ ȌȊȖȘ ȒȖȓȖȚȤ ȌȘȖȊȈ Ȑ șȚȈȘȈȦșȤ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ țȌȈȘȧȚȤ ȚȖȗȖ-
ȘȖȔ Ȑ ȘȈȌțȦșȤ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȤ Ǵȣ ȚȘțȌȐȔșȧ ȖȉȈ
ǵȖ ȧ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț țȉȖȋȖȑ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȐ DzțȗȐȓ ȌȊțșȗȈȓȤ-

ȕțȦ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȤ ș ȕȐȒȍȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȒȖȓȖȕȒȈȔȐ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȕȣȑ
țȔȣȊȈȓȤȕȐȒ ǩȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ șȚȖȐȚ Ȋ șȗȈȓȤȕȍ Ȑ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȍȚ
ȉȍȏțȔȐȍ ȕȈȠȍȑ șȚȘȈșȚȐ
DzȖȋȌȈ ǪȍȘȈ șȗțșȒȈȍȚ ȕȖȋȐ ș ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȠȈȓȖȊ-
ȓȐȊȖ șȔȍȍȚșȧ ȖȡțȡȈȧ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȔȧȋȒȖȑ ȠȍȘșȚȐ ȉȍȓȖ-
ȋȖ ȔȍȌȊȍȌȧ
Ǵȣ ș ǪȍȘȖȑ țȕȍșȓȐ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȑȏ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȝ ȋȕȍȏȌ
ȇ ȏȈȗȘȍȚȐȓ ȍȑ ȕȖșȐȚȤ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȣ ȗȖȌȈȘȍȕȕȣȍ ȔțȎȍȔ Ǵȣ
Ȑȝ ȗȘȖȌȈȓȐ
ǿȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȐșȚȘȈȚȐȔ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȦȦ ȒȖȗȍȑȒț"
ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ Ȑ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț ȌțȔȈȚȤ ǷȖȒȈ ȝȊȈȚȐȚ ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȕȍ-
șȧȞȍȊ
Ǵȣ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȔ Ȑȏ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȔȈ-
ȋȈȏȐȕȈ șȓȈȌȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȊȐȕȈ ǵȈș ȏȕȈȦȚ Ȑ țȌȐȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ ǿȍȘȚ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȗțșȚȤ ȌțȔȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȚȧȚ ǻ ȕȈș ȕȍȚ ȏȕȈȒȖ-
Ȕȣȝ ǯȈȝȖȌȧȚ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȞȣ ǪȍȘȈ ȗȖȒțȗȈȍȚ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȕțȎȕȣȍ Ȋȍ-
ȡȐ ȚȖȘȋțȍȚșȧ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȒȖȗȍȑȒȐ Ǩ ȗȖșȓȍ Ȕȣ șȔȍȍȔșȧ
ǷȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȈ șȚȈȘțȝȈ ș ȔȖȓȖȒȖȔ Ȑ ȧȑȞȈȔȐ ǯȈȋȓȧȕțȓȈ Ȋ ȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȚțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȏȈȓȈ
— ǰȠȤ ȉȖȋȈȚȖ ȎȐȊȍȚȍ ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ Ȋșȍ șȈȔȈ ȉȈȘȣȕȤȒȈ Ȍȍ-
ȓȈȍȠȤ"
—ȇ Ȑ ȔțȎ
— ǿțȌȍșȈ ǶȕȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȘȐșȓțȋȈ ȕȣȕȟȍ ȗȖȠȓȈ ȗȘȧȔȖ
ȕȐȒțȌȣȠȕȈȧ ǶȌȕȐ-ȚȖ ȎȐȊȍȚȍ ȓțȟȠȍ ȗȖȍȌȐȚȍ ǰȝ ȗȘȖȘȊ ȥȚȈ-
ȒȐȝ ȕȍ ȕȈȒȖȘȔȐȠȤ ǻ ȊȈș ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȐ ȗȘȐȌȍȠȤ Ȋșȍ ȕȈ ȚȈȘȍȓ-
ȒȈȝ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȌȈ ȍșȚȤ ǪȐȌȕȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȍȌȐȚȍ
DzțȗȐȓȐ Șȣȉȣ Ǵȕȍ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȍȞ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȓșȧ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȊȣȕȐȔȈȓ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȑȏ ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ șȚȈȓȐ
ȔțȚȕȣȍ ǰ ǪȍȘȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȣȑ
ǵȈȌȖȍȓȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ șȚțȟȈȚșȧ Ȋ ȒȈȓȐȚȒț ȋȘȖ-
ȔȣȝȈȦȚ ȒȖȓȤȞȖȔ ǷȘȖȊȍȌț ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ ȖȚ ȊȖȘȖȚ
ǹȈȔ ȥȚȐȔ ȏȈȕȧȓșȧ ȌȈ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȓȈ ǪȍȘȈ ǺȈȒ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓ DzȖȕȟț
ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ȉȍȌȈ ȕȈȔ șȗȍȠȐȚȤ ȕȍȒțȌȈ ǺȈȒ Ȑ ȖșȚȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȊȐșȍȚȤ Ȋ șȍȕȧȝ ȒȖȕȞȣ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȖȊ
_____

104
II
ǵȖ ȖȚȟȍȋȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȌȕȍȔ ȞȍȗȕȈȧ șȖȉȈȒȈ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȊȣȓȈ
ȏȈȔȍȚȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȐȏȌȖȝȓȈ"
ǸȖȚ ț ȕȍȍ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚ ȧȏȣȒ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȍ ȇ ȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓ Ȋ ȦȕȖșȚȐ ȊȖȓȒȈ ȝȊȈȚȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕțȦ șȚȘȐȝȕȐȕȖȔ
ȗȈȌȈȓȤ Ƕȕ ȚȖșȒțȧ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ ȉȖȒț Ȑ ȧȏȣȒ ȚȖȕȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȉțȌ-
ȚȖ ȖȉȖȎȎȍȕȕȣȑ
ǹȒȈȏȈȓ ǪȍȘȍ ȟȚȖ șȖȉȈȒȈ țȔȍȘȓȈ ȖȚ șȚȈȘȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȏȈȘȣȓ ȚȘțȗ
Ȋ țȋȓț șȈȌȈ
ǶȒȖȓȖ ȒȖȕțȘȣ șȐȘȖȚȓȐȊȖ ȊȈȓȧȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȞȍȗȤ ș ȖȠȍȑ-
ȕȐȒȖȔ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȕȖ Ȕȕȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȕȍ ȗȖ șȍȉȍ ȎțȚȒȖ
— ǶȚȘȈȊȐȓȐ
Ƕȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȑȏ ȡȍȓȍȑ ȏȈȉȖȘȈ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȑ ȕȈȉ-
ȓȦȌȈȦȚ" ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖȔțȚȕȍȊȠȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȘȣȉȕȖȋȖ ȚȖȘȋȖȊ-
ȞȈ ǵț ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ȒțȗȓȦ ȕȖȊțȦ șȖȉȈȒț ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȍșȚȤ Șȍ-
ȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ ǷȖȗȘȖȉțȑȚȍ șțȕȤȚȍșȤ
ǰ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȧ ȝȘȈȉȘȐȓșȧ
ǷȖȒȈ ǪȍȘȈ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȈ ȖȉȍȌ Ȋ șȈȘȈȍ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȓ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ
ȊȣȟȐșȚȐȓ șȔȈȏȈȓ Ȑ ȏȈȘȧȌȐȓ ȇ șȚȘȍȓȧȦ ȕȍȌțȘȕȖ Ȋ ȚȘȐȌȞȈ-
ȚȐ ȠȈȋȈȝ ȗȘȖȔȈȝȈ ȕȍ ȌȈȔ
ǴȖȑ ȌȖȔ ȔȖȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ — ȏȈȊȖȍȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȕȈȋȘȈȌȈ ȏȈ Țȧ-
ȎȍȓțȦ ȉȖȘȤȉț Ȑ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ ǩțȌț ȏȈȡȐȡȈȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȉȍȘȓȖȋț
ȒȈȒ ȌȐȒȈȘȤ
ǫȖȘȌȖ ȗȖȌȖȑȌț Ȓ ǪȍȘȍ
— Ǻȣ Ȕȍȕȧ șȗȈș ȔȐȓȣȑ Ǻȍȉȍ ȧ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȈ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ
ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȉȍȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȚȈȒ ȕțȎȌȈȦ-
ȡȈȧșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȔțȎșȒȖȑ ȏȈȡȐȚȍ
ȇ ȕȍ șȒȈȎț ȍȑ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ Ȗ ȔȖȐȝ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȧȝ
ǵȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȈȓ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȌȓȐȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȚȍȕȧȔȐ Ȑ șȍȘȣȔȐ șțȔȍȘȒȈȔȐ țȋȓȖȊ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȖ Ȋșȍ
ȘȖșȓȖ
— ǴȐȓȣȑ Țȣ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȋȘțșȚȍȕ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ"
— DzȈȒȐȍ ȗțșȚȧȒȐ Ǻȍȉȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ
— ǯȕȈȍȠȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ț Țȍȉȧ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȧ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦ ȌțȔȈȚȤ
ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ ȌȍȕȤ Ȑ Țȣ ȘȈȏȓȦȉȐȠȤ ǩțȌȍȠȤ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȔȖȓȟȈȚȤ

105
ȕȍ ȗȘȐȓȈșȒȈȍȠȤ ǷȖȏȖȊț Țȍȉȧ ȗȖȌȖȑȌȍȠȤ ȗȖȞȍȓțȍȠȤ ȕȍ-
ȝȖȚȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȐȓț ǰ Ȕȕȍ șȚȈȕȍȚ ȖȚ ȓȈșȒȐ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ
Ǵȣ șȎȐȔȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ Ȋ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧȝ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ
ȖȚȘȈȎȈȓȖ ȉȍȏțȔȐȍ ȕȈȠȍȑ șȚȘȈșȚȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȋșȧ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȗȍȕțȓȈșȤ
— ǴȐȓȣȑ Țȣ șȓȣȠȐȠȤ"
ȇ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ȋșȍ Ȑ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȐȓșȧ
ǯȈ șȚȍȕȖȑ Ȋ Ȓțȝȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓȖșȤ ȠțȘȠȈȕȐȍ ȉțȌȚȖ ȒȚȖ ȗȘȖ--
ȊȖȌȐȓ ȘțȒȖȦ ȗȖ șȚȍȕȍ
— ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȒȘȣșȣ"
Ǫ Ȓțȝȕȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ țȗȈȓȖ șȖ șȚțȒȖȔ Ȑ ȏȊȖȕȖȔ
— DzțȌȈ Țȣ"
— ǸȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ Ȋ ȏȈȓȍ
Ǫ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ǪȍȘȣ ȗȘȖȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓ țȎȈș
ǷȖȓțȔȘȈȒ ȏȈȓȈ ȇ ȌȍȓȈȦ ȠȈȋ ȌȘțȋȖȑ Ǵȍȕȧ ȝȊȈȚȈȦȚ
ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȐ ȏȈ ȘțȒȐ ǹȐȓȦșȤ ȒȘȐȒȕțȚȤ ǫȘțȉȈȧ ȔȖȏȖȓȐșȚȈȧ
ȓȈȌȖȕȤ ȏȈȎȐȔȈȍȚ ȘȖȚ
III
ȇ șȐȎț Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȍ Ȋ șȗȈȓȤȕȍ ȒȈȒ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ șȖȘȖȟȒȍ
ǪșȍȋȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȒȘțȚȐȓȐ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȐ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ ȘȍȎțȚ ȋȖȓȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ
ǪȖ ȘȚț ȋȘȧȏȕȈȧ ȊȖȕȦȟȈȧ ȚȘȧȗȒȈ
ǰȝ ȚȘȖȍ dzȐȞȈ ȐȏȔȈȏȈȕȣ șȈȎȍȑ ȕȖ ȧ țȏȕȈȦ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȚȖȘ-
ȋȖȊȞȈ ȘȣȉȖȑ
ǪȍȘȈ ȕȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ȏȈȒțȚȈȓȈșȤ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȉȖȘȖȌȒȈ Ȑ șȔȖ-
ȚȘȐȚ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ șȗțȚȈȕȕȣȝ ȏȖȓȖȚȐșȚȣȝ
ȊȖȓȖș
ǶȕȐ ȊȖȏȧȚșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȖȉȣșȒȐȊȈȦȚ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȣ
— ǩțȔȈȎȕȐȒ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ — șȐȗȓȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȚ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȍȞ — ȊȖ ǿțȘ ȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȗȖȗȖȓȈȔ
Ǵȣ ȗȍȘȍȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȍȔșȧ ș ǪȍȘȖȑ Ȑ ȧ ȟȐȚȈȦ ȍȍ ȔȣșȓȐ ©ǪȖ-
ȏȤȔțȚ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȑ țȑȌțȚª Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ Ȋșȧ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈ ǵȖ ȐȔ ȒȈȎȍȚ-
șȧ ȔȈȓȖ
— ǫȖȊȖȘȐ ȋȌȍ ȗȘȧȟȍȠȤ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ"
ǩȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȊȖȓȖșȈȚȈȧ ȓȈȗȈ șȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ Ȑ ȒȘțȚȐȚ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȕȈ

106
ȔȖȍȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ǺȘȧȗȒț ȊȣȕțȓȐ
— DzȘȐȒȕȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȎțȚȒȈȧ șȐȕȍȊȈ ȖșȚȘȖȑ șȚȈȓȐ
— Ǫ șȚȖȓȍ ȓȍȊȣȑ ȧȡȐȒ
— DzȓȦȟ ȌȈȊȈȑ
ǪȍȘȈ ȊșȒȈȒȐȊȈȍȚ ǶȌȍȧȓȖ șȒȈȚȐȓȖșȤ ǴȍȓȤȒȕțȓȖ ȘȖȏȖȊȖȍ
ȒȖȓȍȕȖ ǷȘȣȋȈȍȚ ș ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ǬȖșȚȈȓȈ Ȋ ȚțȈȓȍȚȍ ȒȓȦȟ ǷȖ-
ȌȈȍȚ ȐȔ
ǬȊȖȍ țȠȓȐ Ǹȣȉȕȣȑ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȍȞ ȕȍ șȗțșȒȈȍȚ ȋȓȈȏ ș ȖȉȕȈ-
Ȏȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȓȍȟ ǪȍȘȣ Ȑ ȋțȉȣ ȍȋȖ ȒȘȐȊȐȚ ȗȖȌȓȈȧ țșȔȍȠȒȈ
ǪȐȌȕȖ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȘȍȠȐȓșȧ ǴȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ș ȗȍȘȍȊȈȓȤȞȍȔ ȗȖȌ-
ȝȖȌȐȚ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȊȚȐșȒȐȊȈȍȚ ȋȘȧȏȕțȦ ȚȘȧȗȒț Ȋ ȘȖȚ
ǪȍȘȈ ȉȖȘȍȚșȧ ȔȖȓȟȈ ǹȖȘȖȟȒȈ ȘȈșșȚȍȋȕțȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȈȝ
DzȖȘȧȊȖȑ ȓȈȗȖȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȘȊȍȚ ȕȍȎȕțȦ ȊȣșȖȒțȦ ȋȘțȌȤ
ǹȝȊȈȚȐȓ Ȑ ȊȈȓȐȚ ȕȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȤ ǩȤȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ șțȌȖȘȖ-
ȋȍ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȋșȧ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ ȕȖȋȈ
Ǩ Ȗȕ ȘȍȊȍȚ ȌȐȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ:
— ǵȍȚ ȗȖȋȖȌȐ ǵȍȚ ȕȍ țȑȌȍȠȤ
ȇ ȋȘȣȏț ȊȖȕȦȟțȦ ȚȘȧȗȒț ǵȈȗȘȧȋȈȦ Ȋșȍ ȔțșȒțȓȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȚȤ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȐ
ǸȍȏȒȖ ȗȍȘȍȓȐȊȟȈȚȖ ȏȈȏȊȖȕȐȓ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓȤȟȐȒ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȑ
Ǫ ȏȈȓȍ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȚȖȗȖȚ ȕȖȋ ǪȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȖȉȈ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȍ
— ǪȈȕȤȒȈ ȉȘȖșȤ ǪȈȕȤȒȈ ȉȍȋȐ
ǽȊȈȚȈȦȚ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȞȈ ȖȌțȘȍȓȖȋȖ ȖȚ ȗȖȝȖȚȐ ȚȖȓȒȈȦȚ ȍȋȖ Ȋ
șȗȐȕț Ǫ Ȓțȝȕȍ șȓȣȠȍȕ ȏȊȖȕ ȘȈȏȉȐȊȈȍȔȣȝ șȚȍȒȖȓ
DzȖȓȖȒȖȓȤȟȐȒ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȍȚ ȏȊȖȕȐȚȤ Ǫșȍ șȚȐȝȓȖ
ǪȍȘȈ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ Ȑ șȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȑ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ǸȖȚ
ȗȖȓțȖȚȒȘȣȚ ǵȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȖȚȌȣȠȈȚȤșȧ ǵȈ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȋȘțȌȐ ȌȓȐȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȞȈȘȈȗȐȕȈ șȖȟȐȚșȧ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ
ǪȏȋȓȧȕțȓȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ǹȚȈȘȈȍȚșȧ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȈȚȤ ȊȍȘȍȊ-
ȒȐ ǸțȒȐ ȌȘȖȎȈȚ ȗțȚȈȦȚșȧ ǬȖȋȈȌȈȓȈșȤ șȖȘȊȈȚȤ ȚȘȧȗȒț
— ǷȍȘȍȘȍȎȤ ȕȖȎȖȔ
ȇ șȊȖȉȖȌȍȕ Ȑ ȌȍȘȎț Ȋ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧȝ ȘȣȌȈȦȡțȦ ǪȍȘț
— Ǩ ȍșȓȐ Țȍ ȊȍȘȕțȚșȧ"
ǷȘȖșȕțȊȠȐȑșȧ ȏȊȍȘȤ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ șȔȖȓȒȕțȚȤ ȚȘțșȓȐȊȣȍ ȒȖ-
ȓȍȉȈȕȐȧ ȔȣșȓȧȡȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȇ ȕȍ ȉȖȦșȤ ȧ ȊȣȑȌț ȉȖȘȖȚȤ-
șȧ ȖȌȐȕ ȕȈ ȚȘȖȐȝ
ǸȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ Ȑ ȒȖȘȖȉȒȈ ȗȈȚȘȖȕȖȊ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȇ ȎȈȎȌț

107
ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ ǹȊȈȓȦ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȔ ǷțșȚȤ ȒȖȘȟȐȚșȧ șȚȖȕȍȚ ȖȉȓȐ-
ȊȈȧșȤ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ǷȖȗȈȌȐșȤ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȍȞ ȧ ȉȣ șțȔȍȓ
ȖȚȖȔșȚȐȚȤ ǵȍ ȖȒȖ ȏȈ ȖȒȖ — șȚȖȘȐȞȍȑ ȅȚȖȚ ȋȕțș ȖșȔȍȓȐȊ-
ȠȐȑșȧ ȚȘȖȕțȚȤ ȚȍȓȖ ǪȍȘȣ
ǰȏ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȖȋȖ ȖȒȕȈ ȒțȝȕȐ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȟțȎȖȑ ȗțșȚȣȘȤ Ȋ ȗȖȓț-
ȔȘȈȒȍ ȏȊȍȏȌȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ
ǬȈ ȖȕȐ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ țȠȓȐ ǹȚȖȧȚ ȗȖȌ ȒȘȐȊȣȔ ȌȍȘȍȊȖȔ ǬȖȓ-
ȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ șȖȊȍȡȈȦȚșȧ
ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȈ ǿȍȘȕȣȍ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ȔȍȚȕț-
ȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ǩȖȓȤȠȖȑ Ȑ ȋȘțȏȕȣȑ ȉȍȎȐȚ ȕȈȐș-
ȒȖșȤ Ȓ ȏȈȉȖȘț șȖșȍȌȕȍȋȖ șȈȌȈ ǴȖȐ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȣ ȋȘȍȔȧȚ ȖșȖȉȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȊȕțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ǿțȊșȚȊțȦ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȗȈȌț
ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ȊșȒȐȕțȓ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ țȗȈȓ ȕȐȟȒȖȔ ǨȋȈ ȋȖȓțȉȟȐȒ
ȗȖȗȈȓșȧ
ȇ ȝȖȟț ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȚȤ Ȑȏ ȖȒȕȈ ȋȕȈȚȤșȧ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ǪȍȘȈ ȕȍ
ȗțșȒȈȍȚ ȖȉȊȐȓȈșȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ
ȇ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȦ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ ǺȧȊȒȕțȓȈ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ șȖȉȈȒȈ Ȑ ȏȈȓȐ-
ȓȈșȤ ȓȈȍȔ ǯȈ ȕȍȑ ȌȘțȋȈȧ ȚȘȍȚȤȧ ǫȓțȝȈȧ ȖȒȘȈȐȕȈ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȗȘȖ-
ȉțȌȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȓȈșȤ ȏȊțȒȈȔȐ Ǫ ȊȖȘȖȚȈ ȏȈȋȘȖȔȣȝȈȓȐ
țȌȈȘȣ ȒțȓȈȒȈ
— ȅ-ȥȑ ǶȚȊȖȘȧȑ
ǷȖȓȖșȈ șȊȍȚȈ Ȑȏ ȘțȟȕȖȋȖ ȜȖȕȈȘȧ ȏȈȗȘȣȋȈȓȈ ȗȖ ȌȊȖȘț
ǺȖȗȖȚ ȕȖȋ ȓȦȌșȒȖȑ ȋȖȊȖȘ
ǵȈȠ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȑ ȌȖȔȐȒ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȓșȧ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ
IV
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȕȣ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȖȌȕȐ Ǿȍȓȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȏȈȝȖ-
ȌȐȓȐ ȟțȎȐȍ ǩȓȍșȚȍȓȐ ȗțȋȖȊȐȞȣ ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒȖȋȖ ȔțȕȌȐȘȈ
ǺȈȑȕȈ ȕȖȟȐ ȊȣȠȓȈ ȕȈ țȓȐȞț Ȑ ȗȖȉȓȍȒȓȐ ȖȋȕȍȊȣȍ ȒȘȈș-
ȒȐ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȕȖȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ
Ǩ ȧ-ȚȈȒȐ ȗȖȌșȚȘȍȓȐȓ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȞȈ ǪȐȌȍȓ ȍȋȖ ȐȏȔȈȏȈȕȕȖȍ
șȈȎȍȑ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ șȉȍȋȈȊȠȐȍ ȗȖ ȕȍȔț șȓȍȏȣ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ
ǵȈ ȌȊȖȘȍ ȋȘȍȔȐȚ ȞȍȗȤȦ ȕȖȊȈȧ șȖȉȈȒȈ ǬȊȈ șȚȖȘȖȎȈ ȝȖ-
ȌȧȚ ș ȌțȉȐȕȈȔȐ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȚȖȋȖ ȕȈȔȐ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȊȈȍȚ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȑ ȗȖ-

108
ȒȖȑ Ȑ ȚȍȓȈ ȕȈȠȐ ȕȍȎȈȚșȧ Ȋ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȐ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ
ǪȍȘȈ ȓȦȉȐȚ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȉȖȓȚȈȚȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ǮȍȕȡȐȕȍ ȕȍ ȌȈȕȖ ȋȖȘȌȖȑ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȖșȚȐ
ǪșȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȎȔȍȚșȧ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȚȘȈ-
ȠȕȖ ǷȖȚȖȔ șȔȍȍȚșȧ ȖȚȒȐȌȣȊȈȧșȤ ȕȈ șȗȐȕț
— Ǻȣ ȉȍȋȈȓ ș ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȖȔ ȚȈȒȖȑ șȔȍȠȕȖȑ ǸțȉȈȠȒȈ șȖ-
ȊșȍȔ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȈȧ ǷȘȐȠȓȈ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȧ Ȉ Țȣ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȖȌȍȓșȧ
ǪȍȘȈ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȓȖȒȚȍ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ
șȍȘȣȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȖȚȘȈȏȐȓȖșȤ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȖ
— ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑ Ȉ ȒȚȖ Ȏȍ ȏȊȖȕȐȓ"
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȕȈȠȍ șȗȈșȍȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ
ȥȚȖȔ ȏȊȖȕȒȍ ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȧ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ ȍȋȖ Ȓ ȊȖȘȖȚȈȔ ȗȘȖ-
ȊȖȌȈ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȉȖȓȚȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ șȍȕȧȝ ǵȖȟȤȦ ȒȘțȋȖȔ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈ-
ȗȍȘȚȖ Ǻȍ ȊȓȍȏȓȐ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ
— ǷȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖȍ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȖȊ
ȇ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ ǪȍȘȍ țșȚȘȖȑșȚȊȖ ȏȊȖȕȒȈ ȕȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ
ȗȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȧ ȥȚȈ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȖȚȍȝȕȐȒȈ ȔȈȓȖ țȉȍȎȌȈȍȚ
— ǴȐȓȣȑ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȈ șȖȍȌȐȕȐȓȐșȤ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȏȊȖ-
ȕȐȓȖ ȉȣ ȉȍȏ ȒȖȕȞȈ DzȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȑȝ ȘȈȏȢȍȌȐȕȐȓ"
ǶȕȈ ȗȘȈȊȈ ǴȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȍȚ
ǪȍȘȈ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȖ ȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȚțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȋ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȣȑ ȏȈȓ ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ
— ȇ ȏȕȈȦ, ȒȚȖ ȅȚȖ ȖȕȐ ǵȍȌȈȘȖȔ șȎȐȔȈȍȚșȧ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ șȓȣȠț ȗȈȕȐȝȐȌț ǺȈȒ Ȑ șȚȖȐȚ Ȋ țȠȈȝ ©ǻȗȖȒȖȑ ǫȖșȗȖ-
ȌȐ ȌțȠț țșȖȗȠȍȋȖ ȘȈȉȈ ǺȊȖȍȋȖª DzȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ țȔȍȘ ǴȖȑ
ȔțȎ ǵȍȚ — ȚȊȖȑ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ Ƕȕ — ȟȐșȚȣȑ ǷȖȎȈȓȍȓ ȕȈș
ǰ șȘȈȏț Ȋșȍ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȕȈșȚȘȖȐȓȖșȤ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ǷȘȐȠȍȓ
șȚȘȈȝ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȖȋȖ șȊȧȏȈȓ ȗȖ ȘțȒȈȔ Ȑ ȗȖ ȕȖȋȈȔ ȖȌțȘȔȈȕȐȓ
ȔȖȏȋ
ǵȍȚ ȕȈȌȖ ȥȚȖ șȉȘȖșȐȚȤ ȇ — ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ
— ǪȍȘȈ ȧ ȗȖȑȌț Ȋ șȍȕȐ ș ȓȈȔȗȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȦ
—ǰȧ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ ȧȉȖȦșȤ
Ǵȣ — Ȋ ȗȘȐȝȖȎȍȑ ǩȍȘțșȤ ȏȈ ȌȊȍȘȕȖȑ ȒȓȦȟ ǵȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ
șȔȖȚȘȦ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓȤȟȐȒ ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ" Ƕȕ ȚȐȝȖ ȉȘȧȒȕțȓ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ
ȘȈȏ ǰ ȏȈȓȐȓșȧ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔ ȏȊȖȕȒȖȔ
ǹțȌȖȘȖȋȈ țȎȈșȈ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȗȖ Țȍȓț
ǺȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȏȊȖȕ ȏȊțȟȈȓ țȕȣȓȖ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȍȕȕȖȍ țȝȖ
ȓȖȊȐȓȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕțȦ ȕȖȚț ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȍȕȐȧ

ǵȖ ȧ ȗȖȉȖȘȖȓ șȍȉȧ Ȑ șȘȈȏț ȖȚȊȖȘȐȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ ǿȍȘȕȈȧ ȉȍȏȌ-
ȕȈ ȘȈȏȐȕțȓȈ șȊȖȦ ȗȈșȚȤ
— ǩȖȦșȤ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȕȍ ȝȖȌȐ ǵȍ ȗțȡț Țȍȉȧ
Ǩ ȏȊȖȕ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ șȍȑȟȈș ȕȈ ȚȍȔ--
ȕȖȔ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝțȋȖȓȤȕȐȒȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȝ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȖȉȘȐșțȍȚșȧ ȜȐȋț-
ȘȈ ȏȊȖȕȐȊȠȍȋȖ
ǵȖ ȚȤȔȈ ȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȓȈ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ ǹȊȍȚ ȓȈȔȗȣ ȌȘȖȎȈȓ șȒȖȓȤȏȧ
ȗȖ ȉȘȍȊȕȈȔ șȍȕȍȑ ȇ șȚțȗȐȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȘȖȋ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȓȈȔȗț Ȋȣ-
Ƞȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ
ǵȐȟȍȋȖ
DzȘțȋȖȔ ȏȈȗȍȘȚȣȍ ȌȊȍȘȐ ǷȘȖȊȍȘȐȓ ȏȈȔȒȐ Ǫșȍ ȞȍȓȖ
— ǪȍȘȈ ȐȌȐ ȕȍ ȉȖȑșȧ
ǶșȊȍȚȐȓ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȈ ǶȕȐ ȊȐșȍȓȐ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț Ȑ ȚțșȒȓȖ ȗȖ-
ȉȓȍșȒȐȊȈȓȐ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȔȍȌȕȣȍ ȒȖȕȞȣ ȐȏȖȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȖ-
ȊȖȓȖȒ
ǰ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈ ȉȖșȖȑ ȕȖȋȍ ȧ ȖȡțȡȈȓ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ ȚȍȗȓȖȋȖ ȗțȠȐșȚȖȋȖ
— DzțȘȓȣ ȒțȘȓȣ
ǶȗțșȚȐȓ ȓȈȔȗț ǻ ȕȖȋȐ ȚȍȘșȧ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ ȝȊȖșȚ Ȑ ȕȍ-
ȎȕȖ ȔțȘȓȣȒȈȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ șȍȘȣȑ ȒȖȚ.
ȇ ȕȈȋȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȋȓȈȌȐȓ ȍȋȖ ǰ, ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȎȍȓȈȧ ȌȈȚȤ ȖȉȢȧș-
ȕȍȕȐȍ ȊșȍȔț șȓțȟȐȊȠȍȔțșȧ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ șȚȍȕȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ
ȕȈ ȏȈȌȕȐȝ ȓȈȗȒȈȝ Ȉ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȐȔȐ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȊ ȒȖȋȚȐ șȚȈȓ șȒȘȍ-
șȚȐ ȉȘȍȊȕȖ ǪȖȚ Ȗȕ ȏȈȞȍȗȐȓ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȈ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓȤȟȐȒ ȉȘȧȒȕțȓ
Ȑ ȖȋȓțȠȐȓ ȏȊȖȕȖȔ
Ǵȣ ș ǪȍȘȖȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ țȓȣȉȈȓȐșȤ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț Ȑ ȓȦȉȐȓȐ
țȎȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗțȠȐșȚȖȋȖ ȏȊȍȘȧ ș ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔȐ ȎȍȓȚȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ.
ǵȖ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȧ ȗȖȚȖȔ țȎȈșȣ ȥȚȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ ǪȍȘȈ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ
ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȊȌȈȓȤ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȚȐȝȖ
— Ǩ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȒȖȚ ȗȖȏȊȖȕȐȓ ȐȔȍȕ-
ȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț"
ǰ ȧ șȖȋȓȈșȍȕ ș ȕȍȦ Ȑ ȗȖ șȖȊȍșȚȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ
— DzȚȖ ȏȊȖȕȐȓ"

110
ǿǼǹǻdzȅǻȉǷ ǵǮǷȅǶǸ
I
Ǫ 

 ȋ ȧ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȓȍȚȖ Ȋ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȍ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȧșȤ ȖȚ ȎȈȘȣ Ȑ
ȗȣȓȐ ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȔțȟȐȓ ȘȍȔȖȕȚ ȌȖȔȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȧ ȗȖșȍȓȐȓșȧ
ǶȒȕȈ ȔȖȍȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȣ Ȋ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȖȔ ȥȚȈȎȍ Ȋȣ-
ȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȌȊȖȘ ȒȈȏȈȊȠȐȑșȧ șȊȍȘȝț ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔ ȒȖȓȖȌȞȍȔ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȞȈȘȐȓȈ șȊȖȧ ȖșȖȉȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȏȈȌȊȖȘȒȖȊ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȌȖ-
ȔȈ ȏȈȒțȓȐșȕȈȧ ȐȕȚȐȔȕȈȧ șȚȖȘȖȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ Ȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ
ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘ
ǷȖșȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȌȊȖȘȈ șȚȖȧȓ șȈȘȈȑ Ȍȓȧ ȌȘȖȊ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȍȔ Ȏȍ ȗȖ-
ȔȍȡȈȓȈșȤ ȗȘȈȟȍȟȕȈȧ ǶȒȖȓȖ ȜțȕȌȈȔȍȕȚȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȘȈș-
ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖȔȖȑȕȣȍ ȧȔȣ
ǷȖșȚȖȧȕȕȣȔȐ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȌȊȖȘȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȍȚȐ Ȑ ȒȖȚȣ Ǭȍ-
ȚȐ — ȉȍȌȕȖȚȣ ȦȚȐȊȠȍȑșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȥȚȈȎȍ DzȖȚȣ — ȕȍ-
ȊȍȌȖȔȖ ȒȖȔț ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȡȐȍ ȝțȌȣȍ Ȑ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ
ǬȍȚȐ ȊȖȏȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȔț ȌȊȖȘț ȐȋȘȈȓȐ ȌȘȈȓȐșȤ ȖȋȓȈ-
ȠȈȓȐ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȚȖ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȔ ȒȘȐȒȖȔ ȚȖ ȌțȠȍȘȈȏȌȐȘȈȦȡȐ-
ȔȐ ȊȖȗȓȧȔȐ
DzȖȚȣ ȚȖȎȍ ȟȈșȚȖ ȌȘȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȊȣȉȘȈȊ țȒȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ șȈ-
ȌȐȓȐșȤ ȌȘțȋ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȌȘțȋȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȈȔ ȒȖȠȈȟȤȍȑ ȌțȥȓȐ
ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȐ ș ȗȍȘȍȉȘȈȕȒȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȋȘȖȏȕȖȍ ȘȣȟȈȕȐȍ șȖȍȌȐ-
ȕȧȓȖșȤ ș ȎȈȓȖȉȕȣȔ ȚȘțșȓȐȊȣȔ ȔȧțȒȈȕȤȍȔ
ǷȐȚȈȓȐșȤ ȒȖȚȣ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑȏ ȗȖȔȖȑ-
ȕȣȝ ȧȔ
ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȓȍȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȍ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȣ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȗț-
șȚȣȔȐ Ȑ ȖȒȕȈ Ȑȝ ȏȈȔȈȏȈȕȕȣȍ ȒȘȈșȒȖȑ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ
șȓȍȗȖȋȖ
ǩȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖ Ȏȍ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘ ȕȈșȍȓȧȓȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ Ȋ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈȝ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦȡȐȍ șȘȍȌșȚȊ ȕȈ ȌȈȟț
ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȎȐȏȕȤ ȌȊȖȘȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȈ ȓȍȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȌȖ-
ȔȈȝ ǰȏ ȖȒȖȕ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȐ ȒțȝȈȘȒȐ Ȑ ȋȖȘȕȐȟȕȣȍ
ȟȈșȚȖ ȗȖȓțȖȌȍȚȣȍ ȐșȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȎȈȘȖȔ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ Ȑ ȗȓȐȚȖȑ
ȅȚȖ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȕȍ țȔȍȕȤȠȈȓȖ Ȑȝ șȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȐȧ Ȓ ȜȓȐȘȚț Ȑ
șȗȓȍȚȕȧȔ

111
ǷȍȘȍȒȓȐȒȈȓȐșȤ ȌȘțȋ ș ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȔȐȋȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ș ȔțȎ-
ȟȐȕȈȔȐ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȚȧȕțȓȖ Ȑȝ Ȓ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ ȋȌȍ ȎȐȓȐ
ȗȖȓȖȚȍȘȣ Ȑ ȋȌȍ ȗȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈȔ ȘȈșșȈȎȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ț ȖȒȖȕ ȉȘȈȊȣȍ ȔȖ-
ȓȖȌȞȣ Ȋ ȘțȉȈȠȒȈȝ-ȒȖșȖȊȖȘȖȚȒȈȝ
Ǫ ȌȕȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ șȚȐȘȒȐ Ȑȏ ȗȘȈȟȍȟȕȖȑ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ ȊȣȝȖ-
ȌȐȓȐ ȖșȊȍȎȐȚȤșȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ Ȋ ȦȉȒȈȝ Ȑ șȖȘȖȟȒȈȝ Ȉ ȒȘțȋȖȔ
ȦȓȐȓȐ ȌȊȖȘȕȐȒȐ Ȑ ȝȓȖȗȈȓȐ Ȑȝ ȗȖ ȗȖȚȕȣȔ ȎȐȘȕȣȔ ȗȓȍȟȈȔ
Ȑ șȗȐȕȈȔ
ǵȈȟȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȘȍȔȖȕȚ Ȋȕȍș Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȌȊȖȘȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ
șȚțȒȈ ȗȣȓȐ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȕȖȑ ȘțȋȈȕȐ ȏȈțȕȣȊȕȣȝ ȗȍșȍȕ ȔȈȓȧȘȖȊ
Ȑ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȔȐȔȖȓȍȚȕȣȝ ȘȖȔȈȕȖȊ ț ȒțȝȖȕȕȣȝ ȖȒȖȕ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ ȈȊȋțșȚ ǴȈȓȧȘȣ țȠȓȐ ǬȊȖȘ ȕȍȔȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȗȘȐȉȘȈȓșȧ ǪȣȔȣȓȐ ȖȒȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘ ǷȘȐȠȍȓ
ȖȒȖȓȖȚȖȟȕȣȑ Ȑ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȕȈ șȚȈȘȠȍȋȖ ȌȊȖȘȕȐȒȈ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ Șț-
ȒȖȑ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȗȍȘȟȈȚȒȍ ȕȈ Ȓțȟț ȔțșȖȘȈ
ǵȈȟȈȓșȧ ȗȘȐȍȏȌ ș ȌȈȟ
Ǫ ȖȒȕȈȝ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘ ȏȈȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȐ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȓȐȞȈ
ǷȖȋȖȌȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈȧ Ǫ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ țȎȍ ȏȈȝȖȓȖȌȈȓȖ
ȕȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ șȊȍȚȐȓȖ ȧȘȒȖ Ǵȍȕȧ ȚȖȔȐȓȈ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȈȧ șȒțȒȈ Ǭȍ-
ȓȖ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋ Ȋșȍ ȖȚȒȓȈȌȣȊȈ-
ȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȖȚȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓȖșȤ
ǯȕȈȒȖȔȣȝ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȉ Ȍȓȧ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȖȊ Ȑ
șȚȖȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȘȈȏȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȑ — ȒȖȠȍȓȍȒ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȝțȌȖȡȈȊ
ǷȘȖȋțȓȧȊȠȐșȤ Ȑ ȕȈȗȐȊȠȐșȤ ȟȈȦ ȧ șȈȌȐȓșȧ ș ȒȕȐȋȖȑ ț
ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȋȖ ȖȒȕȈ ȕȖ șȒȖȘȖ ȉȘȖșȈȓ ȟȚȍȕȐȍ țȊȓȍȒȠȐșȤ șȊȖȍ-
ȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȌȊȖȘȈ
ȇ ȏȕȈȓ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȒțȝȈȘȖȒ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ ȌȖȋȈȌȣȊȈȓșȧ Ȗȉ Ȑȝ
ȓȦȉȖȊȕȣȝ ȌȍȓȈȝ ǮȐȏȕȤ ©ȋȖșȗȖȌª ȚȖȎȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȚȈȑȕȖȑ ǶȚ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȟȈșȚȖ ș ȌȊȖȘȕȐȒȈȔȐ Ȑ
ȗȖȕȍȔȕȖȋț țȏȕȈȓ ȋȌȍ ȒȚȖ ȎȐȊȍȚ Ȑ ȟȍȔ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ ǺȈȒ ȧ
ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘț ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȖȒȕȈ
ȏȈȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȠȈ DzțȘȌȦȔȖȊȈ ȊȌȖȊȈ ȎȐȊțȡȈȧ ȕȈ ȗȍȕ-
șȐȦ Ȑ ȈȘȍȕȌț ș ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȐȔȍȕȐȧ ȟȚȖ ț ȕȍȍ ȍșȚȤ ȌȊȈ șȣ-
ȕȈ-șȚțȌȍȕȚȈ Ȑ ȗȓȍȔȧȕȕȐȞȈ-ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ
— DzȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ ȘȍȌȒȖșȚȕȈȧ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ — șȖȓȐȌȕȖ șȖȖȉ-
ȡȐȓ Ȕȕȍ șȚȈȘȠȐȑ ȌȊȖȘȕȐȒ ǰ ȧ ș ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȍȔ ȎȌȈȓ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȥȚȖ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȖ ȗȍȘȍȍȌȍȚ ș ȌȈȟȐ
ǻȎȍ Ȓ ȒȖȕȞț ȈȊȋțșȚȈ ȖȒȕȈ Ȋ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȊȕȍȏȈȗ-

112
ȕȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȐșȤ ǰȏ ȒțȝȕȐ ȊȣȋȓȧȕțȓȖ ȚȖȓșȚȖȍ ȒȘȈșȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ
ȒțȝȈȘȒȐ ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȑȏ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȖȒȕȈ ș ȗȘȍȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ țȎȐȔȒȖȑ
ȘȖȏȖȊȣȝ ȋțȉ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈȘȧȌȕȈȧ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȋȖȘȕȐȟ-
ȕȈȧ ©ǫȖșȗȖȌȈª ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐșȤ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȗȖȌȖȑȌȧ Ȓ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȔț ȖȒȕț ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȈȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȊ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉȍȓȖȍ ȒȘțȎȍȊȕȖȍ ȒȖȗȕț ȏȖȓȖȚȣȝ ȊȖȓȖș ȘȖȏȖ-
Ȋȣȑ ȜȈȘȜȖȘ ȡȍȒ
ǵȖ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ ȧ ȊȋȓȧȌȍȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖșȓȍȗȐȓ ȧȘȒȐȑ șȖȓ-
ȕȍȟȕȣȑ ȓțȟ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȖȘ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȏȊȖȕȒȐȑ ȌȍȊȐȟȐȑ ȝȖ-
ȝȖȚ
II
ȇ șȒȖȘȖ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ
ǷȓȍȔȧȕȕȐȞȈ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȠȐ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȤȞȍ Ȑ
ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȑ ȏȈȑȟȐȒ ȗȘȣȋȈȚȤ ȗȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȖȑ
șȚȍȕȍ ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȑ țȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȖșȓȍȗȐȚȤ ȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȣȋȓȧȕțȊ-
ȠȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȖȒȕȈ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȓțȟȈ ȖȕȈ șȔȍȧȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ
ǬȊȖȘȕȐȒ ȕȍ ȗȖȓȤșȚȐȓ ȍȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȈ ǵȍȎȕȣȑ ȘțȔȧȕȍȞ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ț ȉȓȖȕȌȐȕȖȒ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȣȑ ȖȊȈȓ ȓȐȞȈ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȊȏȌȍȘȕțȚȣȑ
ȏȈȌȖȘȕȖ ȕȖșȐȒ Ȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ șȐȕȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȖȌ ȚȍȔȕȣȔȐ ȉȘȖ-
ȊȧȔȐ ȟȚȖ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȒȖȕȚȘȈșȚ ș șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ
șȊȍȚȓȣȔȐ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ
dzȦȉȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȟțȌȕȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȑ șȚȘȖȑȕȖȑ ȜȐȋțȘȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠ-
ȒȐ ȊȖȠȓȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒț
ǻȌȐȊȓȧȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȌȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȘȍȋțȓȧȘȕȖ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋ-
ȌȈ șȊȍȚȐȓȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ ț ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȋȖ ȖȒȕȈ ș ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖȔ
Ȑ ȏȈȉȈȊȓȧȓȈșȤ ȐȋȘȖȑ ©ȏȈȑȟȐȒȈª ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȣȋȈȓ ȗȖ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ
șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȌȊȖȘȈ ȗȖ ȒȘȣȠȍ ȗȘȈȟȍȟȕȖȑ ȗȖ șȚȍȕȈȔ ȌȖȔȈ ȏȈ-
ȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȗȖȌ șȈȔțȦ ȒȘȣȠț ȐȓȐ ȉȍȋȈȓ ȗȖ ȔȖșȚȖȊȖȑ ȌȊȖȘȈ
Ǭȓȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȌȍȊȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȓȍȚ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȠȈȓȖșȚȤ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ
ȕȍ ȗȖ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚț ǵț ȘȈȏ ȕț ȌȊȈ ȕȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ
ǶȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȖ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȍȚ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ — Ȑ ȧ șȚȈȓ șȓȍ-
ȌȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȥȊȖȓȦȞȐȧȔȐ ș ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖȔ
Ǫ ȕȐȝ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȟțȌȐȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ șȐșȚȍȔȈ ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ ©ȏȈȑ-

ȟȐȒª ȗȘȣȋȈȓ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȖ ȕȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈ țȋ-
ȓț ȗȘȈȟȍȟȕȖȑ Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȘȣȋȈȓ ș ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔȐ ȗȘȖȔȍȎțȚ-
ȒȈȔȐ ǷȘȣȋȕȍȚ ȘȈȏȈ ȚȘȐ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȘȖȔȍȎțȚȖȒ
ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȘȣȋȕȍȚ ȘȈȏ ȗȧȚȤ — Ȑ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȗȘȖȔȍȎțȚȖȒ țȎȍ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȐȑ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȌȈȓȍȍ.
ǴȐȕțȚ ȌȍșȧȚȤ-ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȐȋȘȈȍȚ ©ȏȈȑȟȐȒª ȕȍ șȝȖȌȧ ș
țȋȓȈ ȗȘȈȟȍȟȕȖȑ
— ǬȈ ȥȚȖ șȊȍȚȖȊȣȍ șȐȋȕȈȓȣ Ȉ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȠȈȓȖșȚȤ
ǺȈȒȖȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȍ ȊȣȏȊȈȓȖ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȍ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖ
DzȖȔț Ȑ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȖȕȈ șȐȋȕȈȓȐȏȐȘțȍȚ" DzȈȒȖȑ ȒȓȦȟ"
ȇ ȏȕȈȓ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕțȦ ȈȏȉțȒț ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ
ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȘȣȎȒȐ ©ȏȈȑȟȐȒȈª ȗȍȘȍȊȍșȚȐ ȕȈ ȞȐȜȘȣ
ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȧ ȐȔȍȓ ȚȈȒțȦ ȏȈȗȐșȤ
3-1, 1-6, 3-5, 3-2, 2-6, 3-1, 1-6, 1-3, 1-1, 5-6, 3-5, 5-5,1-3, 2-
6, 3-2, 1-6, 5-6, 2-5, 5-4, 1-2,1-3, 2-3, 2-1,1-5, 2-3, 3-6, 1-6, 3-4,
3-3, 1-6, 2-5,2-3,1-3, 3-2.
ǪȍșȤ ȌȍȕȤ Ȑ ȟȈșȚȤ ȕȖȟȐ ȧ ȗȖșȊȧȚȐȓ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȒȍ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȘȐȗ-
ȚȖȋȘȈȔȔȣ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȍȍ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȈȚȤ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȕȖ țȚȘȖȔ ȓȍȎȈ Ȋ
ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ȧ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȉțȌțȟȐ ȍȡȍ șȚțȌȍȕȚȖȔ ȉȣȓ ȈȘȍș-
ȚȖȊȈȕ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȐȌȍȓ ȚȘȐ ȔȍșȧȞȈ Ȋ ȚȦȘȤȔȍ ǺȈȔ ȧ ȕȈțȟȐȓșȧ ȗȍ-
ȘȍșȚțȒȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ș ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈȔȐ ȗȖ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȦ
ǵȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȓȐ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȒȈ"
ǪșȒȖȟȐȓ ȉȖșȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȖȔț șȚȖȓț DzȖȕȍȟ-
ȕȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȚȈȒ
ȇ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȗȘȖȟȍȓ ȠȐȜȘȖȊțȦ ȏȈȗȐșȤ ǺȦȘȍȔȕȈȧ ȈȏȉțȒȈ Ȍȓȧ
ȗȍȘȍșȚțȒȐȊȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȖșȖȉȖȑ ȚȈȉȓȐȞȍ

114
DzȈȎȌȈȧ ȉțȒȊȈ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȈȍȚșȧ ȌȊțȔȧ ȞȐȜȘȈȔȐ ȗȖ ȋȖȘȐ-
ȏȖȕȚȈȓȤȕȣȔ Ȑ ȊȍȘȚȐȒȈȓȤȕȣȔ șȚȖȓȉȞȈȔ ǺȈȒ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ -4
—Ș-5—ȧ-4—ȋȐȚȌ
ǪȖȚ ȟȚȖ șȐȋȕȈȓȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȓȈ ȗȓȍȔȧȕȕȐȞȈ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȠȐ ȕȍ-
ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȔț ȓȐȞț ©ǵȍ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȑșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȎȌȐ ȚȍȘ-
ȗȍȓȐȊȖª
ȇ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ
ǶȉȣȟȕȈȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ DzȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȉȍȌȕȣȑ ȕȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȑ
ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ǬȈȟȕȖȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȖ ǺȍȚȒȈ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȑ Ȕȣș-
ȓȐ ȕȍ ȌȖȗțșȒȈȍȚ Ȗ ȉȘȈȒȍ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ȌȈȎȍ ȊȣȋȕȈȓȐ Ȑȏ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȤșȒȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȍȓȐȓșȧ Țȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ Ȋ ȔȍȉȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ
ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȕȈ șȊȖȦ ǬȎțȓȤȍȚȚț Ȉ ȖȕȈ ȖȉȖȌȘȧȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȓȈșȒȖȊȣȔȐ
șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȕȕȣȔȐ șȊȍȚȖȊȣȔȐ șȐȋȕȈȓȈȔȐ
Ǵȕȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȌȈȎȍ șȖȊȍșȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȔȍȠȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȥȚț ȐȕȚȐȔ-
ȕțȦ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȈȓ ȟțȎțȦ ȚȈȑȕț
Ǭȕȧ ȌȊȈ ȧ ȕȍ ȌȍȓȈȓ ȏȈȗȐșȍȑ ȕȖ ȕȈ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖ
ȗȘȍȊȖȏȔȖȋȓȖ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ șȖȖȉȡȈȓȈ șȊȖȍȔț ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȔț
©ǺȊȖȑ ȗȓȈȕ ȕȐȒțȌȈ ȕȍ ȋȖȌȐȚșȧ ǷȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȤ Ȋșȍ Ȕȕȍ ȇ
șȖȖȉȡț ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǷȖȓțȟȍȕȐȍ șȖșȚȖȐȚșȧ ȕȍ ȘȈȕȤ-
Ƞȍ ȒȈȒ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȌȍȓȦª
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȜȘȈȏȈ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȌȍȊțȠ-
Ȓț Ȑ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ șȊȧȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȍȡȍ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ ©ǷȓȈȕª ©ȗȖ-
ȓțȟȍȕȐȍª" DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȐȍ Ȍȍȕȍȋ
ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȖșȣȗȈȍȚșȧ șȣȡȐȒ ȀȍȘȓȖȒ
ǽȖȓȔș ǷȘȍșȓȍȌțȍȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȈȏȖȑȓȐȊȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ ©ǸȈȏȋȈȌȈȑ
ȚȈȑȕțª
ȇ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ ȌȈȎȍ ȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȗ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȌȍȓȈȝ ǬȖ ȚȖȋȖ țȊ-
ȓȍȒșȧ șȣșȒȖȔ
©ǯȈȑȟȐȒª ȗȘȖșȐȋȕȈȓȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȓ
©ǸȈȌțȑșȧ ȔȐȓȣȑ ǹȒȖȘȖ șȒȖȘȖ ǩȈȘȖȕȍșșȈ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓȈ
Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȗȖȋȖșȚȐȚȤ DzȖȋȌȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕțȎȕȖ ȏȈȑȌț Ȓ ȚȍȚȒȍ Ȑ
ȌȈȔ Țȍȉȍ ȏȕȈȚȤ ǮȌȐ ȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖª
ǷȍȘȊȖȑ ȔȖȍȑ ȔȣșȓȤȦ ȉȣȓȖ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȒȚȖ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȑ
ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȌ șȐȓț ȔȖȐȔ șȣșȒȕȣȔ șȗȖ-
șȖȉȕȖșȚȧȔ ©Ƕȕª ȔȖȋ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ șȐȋȕȈȓȣ ș ȌȊțȝ ȜȈșȈȌȖȊ
ȌȖȔȈ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȟȈșȚȤȦ ș ȚȘȍȚȤȍȋȖ ǸȈȏȣșȒȈȚȤ ©ȍȋȖª Ȋ ȊȍȘȍȕȐ-

115
ȞȈȝ ȖȒȖȕ ȠȍșȚȐȥȚȈȎȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȗȖșȐȓȤȕȣȔ ȗȖȌȊȐȋȖȔ.
ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȗȐșȈȚȤ DzȖȕȈȕ-ǬȖȑȓȦ Ȗ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣȝ țȔșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ
șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȧȝ ǽȖȓȔșȈ Ȉ ȗȖȗȘȖȉțȑ-ȒȈ Ȗȕ ȕȈ Ȍȍȓȍ
Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȓȍȋȟȍ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȒȚȖ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȉȈȘȖȕȍșșȈ ǰ
ȧ ȕȍ ȖȠȐȉșȧ ǬȊȖȘȕȐȒ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ©ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȤ-
ȠȈ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȉȖȋȈȚȈ Ȉ ȊȖȚ Ȑȝȕȧȧ șȍșȚȘȈ ȌȊȖȦȘȖȌȕȈȧ ȉȈ-
ȘȖȕȍșșȈ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȍȘȠȈ Ȑ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ ȖȕȐ ȖȎȐȌȈȦȚª ǻȏȕȈȚȤ
ȜȈȔȐȓȐȦ Ȑ ȈȌȘȍș ȉȈȘȖȕȍșșȣ ȕȍ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖ țȎȍ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ
ȚȘțȌȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ȗȓȍȔȧȕȕȐȞȈ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȠȐ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ Ȑ
șȐȋȕȈȓȣ ©ȏȈȑȟȐȒȖȔª ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ
ǺȍȔ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȧ ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȖ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓ șȊȖȑ
ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȖșȚ ț ȖȒȕȈ
III
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȧȘȒȐȑ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȊȕȖȊȤ
ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ©ȏȈȑȟȐȒª ȏȈȗȘȣȋȈȓ ȕȈ țȋȓț ȗȘȈȟȍȟȕȖȑ
ǹȊȍȚȖȊȈȧ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȈ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȉȣȓȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȍȍ ȖȉȣȒ-
ȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȇ ȕȍ ȕțȎȌȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȏȈȗȐșȐ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȓ ȕȈ
ȞȐȜȘȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȐȔȍȚȤ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ
©ǪȘȍȔȧ ȕȈșȚȈȓȖ ȔȐȓȣȑ ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȖȟȤȦ ț șȖșȍȌȍȑ ȥȚȈ-
ȎȖȔ ȕȐȎȍ — ȉȈȓ ǷȈȘȈȌȕȣȍ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȕȍ ȉțȌțȚ ȏȈȗȍȘȚȣ ȌȖ țȚȘȈ.
ǷȘȐȝȖȌȐ ȖȚ ȌȊțȝ ȌȖ ȚȘȍȝ ȕȖȟȐ Ȑ șȚȈȕȤ ț ȌȖȔȈ ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȖȒȖ-
ȓȖ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȑ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ șȓȍȊȈ ǮȌȐ șȐȋȕȈȓȈ șȊȍȟȒȖȑ Ȑȏ ȒȊȈȘ-
ȚȐȘȣ ȉȈȘȖȕȍșșȣ ǰȌȐ ȗȖ ȗȈȘȈȌȕȖȔț ǬȊȍȘȤ ȉțȌȍȚ ȖȚȗȍȘȚȈ
ȔȕȖȦª
ǵȍȚ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȖȍ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȍ ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȕȈȠȓȈ ȉȣ Țȣ-
șȧȟț ȌȘțȋȐȝ șȗȖșȖȉȖȊ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȐȌȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈȍȌȐȕȍ ș ȊȖȏȓȦȉ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȔ ǯȌȍșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍ ȚȖ
ǰ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȏȈȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȐ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑȏ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȝ ȒȘȐȗȚȖ-
ȋȘȈȔȔ ©ǹȖȖȉȡț ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǷȖȓțȟȍȕȐȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȍȚșȧ
ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȌȍȓȦª ǯȈȗȖȔȕȐȓȐșȤ șȓȖȊȈ ȌȊȖȘȕȐȒȈ ©ǩȈȘȖȕȍșșȈ
— ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȍȘȠȈ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ ȎȌțȚª
ǴȐȓȓȐȖȕȕȖȍ ȕȈșȓȍȌșȚȊȖ ǫȖȚȖȊȐȚșȧ ȋȘȈȉȍȎ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ,
țȉȐȑșȚȊȖ
ǴȕȖȦ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȈ șȔȍȓȈȧ ȉȍȏțȔȕȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ ȇ ȗȖȑȌț Ȑ șȚȈ-

116
ȕț ț ȚȘȍȚȤȍȑ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȌȖȔȈ ȋȌȍ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȉȈȘȖȕȍșșȈ
ǬȖȎȌțșȤ șȐȋȕȈȓȈ Ȑ ȊȖȑȌț ǷȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȎ-
ȌȍȕȖ
ǺȈȒ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȓ
ȇ șȚȈȓ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȋ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȍ ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ ǭșȓȐ ©ȚȖȚª ȗȘȐȌȍȚ
Ȑ țȊȐȌȐȚ ȔȍșȚȖ ȏȈȕȧȚȣȔ ȐșȗțȋȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ țȉȍȎȐȚ
ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖ ȉȐȓȖșȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ Ȗȟț-
ȚȐȓșȧ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȌȖȔȈ ȉȈȘȖȕȍșșȣ ǫȖșȚȐ ȍȡȍ șȢȍȏȎȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ
ȉȈȓ ǼȣȘȒȈȓȐ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ ȋțȌȍȓȐ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤȕȣȍ șȐȘȍȕȣ
ȇ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȜȈșȈȌȍ ȌȖȔȈ ȖȒȕȈ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȣ ȉȈȘȖȕȍșșȣ Ȑ ȕȍ
șȊȖȌȐȓ ș ȕȐȝ ȋȓȈȏ ǶȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȍȔȕȣ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ ȘȍȏȒȐȑ
ȒȖȕȚȘȈșȚ ș ȧȘȒȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȖȒȕȈȔȐ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȋȖ ȕȐȎȕȍ-
ȋȖ ȥȚȈȎȈ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓ Ȋ ȔȘȈȟȕȖȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȘȈȔȍ ȒȘȖȝȖȚȕȣȑ ȖȋȖ-
ȕȍȒ ǸȈȏ ȌȊȈ Ȑ ȚȘȐ ǹȐȋȕȈȓ ȗȖȌȈȕ
ȇ șȔȍȓȖ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌ ȀȊȍȑȞȈȘ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ
ǴȐȔȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȝ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȏȊțȒȐ Ȕț-
ȏȣȒȐ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȧ ȊȣȠȍ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȧȔ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȣ ȉȈȘȖȕȍșșȣ
Ǫȏȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȘțȟȒț ǬȊȍȘȤ ȗȖȌȈȓȈșȤ Ǫ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȝȖȎȍȑ
ȔȖȦ ȘțȒț șȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȋȖȘȧȟȈȧ ȚȘȍȗȍȡțȡȈȧ ȎȍȕșȒȈȧ ȘțȟȒȈ
ǵȍȎȕȣȑ ȠȍȓȍșȚȧȡȐȑ ȠȍȗȖȚ
— ǺȐȠȍ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȍȑ
Ǵȍȕȧ ȊȍȌțȚ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ǺȐȝȖȍ ©ǹȚȖȑª
ǸțȟȒȈ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ ȇ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȖȌȐȕ Ȋ ȕȍȗȘȖȋȓȧȌȕȖȔ ȔȘȈȒȍ
ǶȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȠȍȓȍșȚȍȓȖ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȎȍȕșȒȖȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ǿțȚȒȐȑ șȓțȝ
ȓȖȊȐȚ ȗȘȍȘȣȊȟȈȚȖȍ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ
— ǶȕȈ șȗȐȚ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ǪȖȚ ȒȓȦȟȐ ǰȌȍȔ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ
ǽȖȓȖȌȕȈȧ șȊȧȏȒȈ ȒȓȦȟȍȑ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȍȔ șȊȖȐȔ ȏȈșȚȈ-
ȊȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȗȖȔȕȐȚȤșȧ
— ǹțȌȈȘȣȕȧ ȧ ȕȍ ȚȖȚ ȏȈ ȒȖȋȖ Ȋȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ
ǴȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ — ȌȖȓȋȖȍ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȖȍ
— DzȚȖ Ȋȣ"
— ȇ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȈȓ ȚȈȑȕț șȖȓȕȍȟȕȖȋȖ ©ȏȈȑȟȐȒȈª ǮȐȊț Ȋ ȚȖȔ
Ȏȍ ȌȖȔȍ ȇ ȏȕȈȦ Ȋșȍ
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

ǵȖ ȧ ȕȍ șțȔȍȦ ȖȗȐșȈȚȤ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ ǷȖȔȕȦ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȖȘȧȟȖ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȓȈ Ȑ
ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ țȗȘțȋȐȝ ȌȍȊȐȟȤȐȝ ȋțȉ
ǷȖȔȕȦ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȝȖȌȐȓ ș ȕȍȦ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ ȉȈȘȖȕȍșșȣ ȖȚȗȍȘ ȗȐ-
șȤȔȍȕȕȣȑ șȚȖȓ Ȑ ȌȖșȚȈȓ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ ȗȈȟȒț Ȍȍȕȍȋ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȖȕȈ
Ȑȝ ȏȈȊȍȘȕțȓȈ Ȋ ȋȈȏȍȚȕțȦ ȉțȔȈȋț Ȑ șțȕțȓȈ ȚțȌȈ șȊȖȦ ȏȈȗȐș-
Ȓț ǷȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȎȍȑ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȞȍȓȖ-
ȊȈȓȈ ǰ ȧ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȈȘȈȌȕȣȑ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌ ȗȍȘȍșȍȒ țȓȐȞț Ȑ
ȖȚȌȈȓ ȗȈȒȍȚ ȊȣșȖȒȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț șȚȖȧȊȠȍȔț ȖȒȖȓȖ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȑ
ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ ǺȖȚ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȖ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȗȖ-
Ƞȍȓ Ȓ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȒț Ȑ ȕȈȕȧȊ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ țȍȝȈȓ
Ǩ ȧ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȧȓ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȖȒȕȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȗȓȍȔȧȕȕȐȞȣ
ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȠȐ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ șȒȈȚȐȓȈșȤ ȚȐȝȖ ȉȍȓȈȧ ȠȚȖȘȈ ȗȖȒȈ ȧ
ȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȟȚȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏț
ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȑ Ȕȕȍ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ Ȑ ȖȚȌȈȓ țȒȘȈȌȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȍȍ
ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȒț

118
DZdzǻǶǮǹȊǻǼdz ǾǮǿǿǹdzDzǼǰǮǻǶdz
ǪșȧȒȐȑ ȊȐȌȐȚ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ
I
ǰȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ șȣȡȐȒ ǹȚȈȕȐșȓȈȊ ǰȖșȐȜȖȊȐȟ ǩȘȖȕȍȊșȒȐȑ
ȗȖșȓȍ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȐȧ ȊȐȕȖȊȕȐȒȖȊ ȖȋȘȈȉȓȍȕȐȧ N-șȒȖȋȖ ȉȈȕȒȈ ȗȖ-
ȓțȟȐȓ ȕȈȋȘȈȌț Ȑ Ȕȍșȧȟȕȣȑ ȖȚȗțșȒ Ȍȓȧ ȖȚȌȣȝȈ ȖȚ ȚȘțȌȖȊ
ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ©ȌȍȓȈª Ȗȕ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȚȍȘȗȍȚȤ ȊșȧȒȐȍ ȓȐȠȍȕȐȧ
ȕȖ ȘȈȏ țȎ ȖȚȌȣȝȈȚȤ ȚȈȒ ȖȚȌȣȝȈȚȤ ș ȒȖȔȜȖȘȚȖȔ ȕȐ Ȋ ȟȍȔ șȍ-
ȉȍ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ǮȐȓ ǩȘȖȕȍȊșȒȐȑ ȝȖȓȖșȚȧȒȖȔ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȖȑ ȕȖ țȦȚȕȖȑ Ȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȖȉșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ ǷȖȊ-
șȦȌț Ȑȏȧȡȕȣȍ ȊȍȡȐȞȣ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȒȈȘȚȐȕ ȗȖ șȚȍȕȈȔ ș ȗȘȍ-
ȖȉȓȈȌȈȕȐȍȔ ȕȈȋȖȚȣ ȗȐȈȕȐȕȖ ȊȐȖȓȖȕȟȍȓȤ ǷȖ ȔȧȋȒȐȔ ȒȖȊ-
ȘȈȔ ȒȖȠȈȟȤȍȑ ȗȖȝȖȌȒȖȑ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȚ ȕȍșȓȣȠȕȖ ȒȘȈșȐȊȈȧ ȉȍ-
ȓȖȒțȘȈȧ ǪȈȕȌȈ ș ȗȣȠȕȣȔ șȚȈȕȖȔ Ǫșȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ ǩȘȖȕȍȊ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȌȐȊȐȓȐșȤ ©ǶȚȒțȌȈ Ȋȣ ȌȖșȚȈȓȐ ȚȈȒțȦ ȗȘȐșȓțȋț"ª ǵȖ
ǩȘȖȕȍȊșȒȐȑ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȓȣȉȈȓșȧ țȋȓȖȔ ȘȚȈ ȈȋȍȕȚ șȣ-
șȒȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȌȈ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȣȡȍȚ
ǹȣȡȐȒ ȕȈ ȖȚȌȣȝȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓșȧ țȋȖȓȖȊȕȖȑ
ȝȘȖȕȐȒȖȑ Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȗȘȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ
ǻȚȘȖȔ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓ ȝȖȓȖȌȕțȦ ȊȈȕȕț ȗȖȚȖȔ ȌȍȓȈȓ ȋȐȔȕȈ-
șȚȐȒț ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȐȓ ȒȖȜȍ Ȑ șȖȊȍȡȈȓșȧ ș ǪȈȕȌȖȑ Ȗ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȍ Ȑ
ȖȉȍȌȍ ǷȘȖȋțȓȐȊȈȓșȧ ȗȖșȍȡȈȓ ȊȣșȚȈȊȒȐ ȔțȏȍȐ
ǪȍȟȍȘȖȔ — ȒȖȕȞȍȘȚȣ ȚȍȈȚȘ ǹȓȖȊȖȔ ȎȐȓ ȊȖȊșȦ
ǩȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȐȍ ȥȚȖ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈ Ȍȍșȧ-
ȚȖȔ Ȍȕȍ ȖȚȗțșȒȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ǩȘȖȕȍȊșȒȐȑ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȌțȠȐ-
șȚȖȑ ȊȈȕȕȣ Ȑ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤșȧ ȏȈ ȋȐȔȕȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȋȐȘȐ ȒȈȒ
ǪȈȕȌȈ ȗȖȌȈȓȈ ȍȔț ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȖȍ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔ
ȗȖȟȍȘȒȖȔ
ǹȣȡȐȒ ȊȣȘțȋȈȓșȧ
— ǿȍȘȚ ȉȣ Ȑȝ Ȋȏȧȓ
Ƕȕ ȕȍȘȊȕȖ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȓ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚ Ȑ ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȟȚȍȕȐȍ Ȕȍȓ-
ȒȖ ȐșȗȐșȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȓȐșȚȒȈ

119
— ǵȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȕȈțȟțșȤ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȚȤ ȥȚȐ ȒȈȘȈȒțȓȐ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȕȖ
©ǬȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȔȖȑ DzȘȈȑȕȍ șȖȎȈȓȍȦ ȟȚȖ ȊȣȕțȎȌȍȕ ȉȍșȗȖ-
ȒȖȐȚȤ ȊȈș ȕȖ ȧ ȉȍȏ ǩȘȖȕȍȊșȒȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȉȍȏ ȘțȒ ǬȍȓȖ ȊȖȚ Ȋ ȟȍȔ.
ǷȧȚȤ Ȍȕȍȑ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȋ ǩȈȓȈȉȐȕșȒȖȔ ȓȍșț ȕȈȑȌȍȕ ȚȘțȗ ȔȖ-
ȓȖȌȖȑ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȗȖ ȊȐȌț ȐȕȚȍȓȓȐȋȍȕȚȕȖȑ Ȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȡȍȑ Ȓ ȖȉȍșȗȍȟȍȕȕȖȔț ȒȓȈșșț ǶȌȍȚȈ țȉȐȚȈȧ Ȋ ȉȖȋȈ-
ȚȖȍ ȉȈȘȝȈȚȕȖȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ǩȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȖȊȣȍ șȍȘȤȋȐ ȒȖȓȤȞȈ ȉȘȈș-
ȓȍȚ Ȑ ȉȘȖȠȒȈ ȧșȕȖ ȌȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ țȉȐȑșȚȊȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȖ ȕȍ
ș ȞȍȓȤȦ ȋȘȈȉȍȎȈ ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț țȉȐȚȈ Ȋ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȚȘțȗ ȗȍȘȍȕȍșȍȕ Ȋ ȓȍș ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȕȐ ȒȘțȋȖȔ
ȕȈ șȕȍȋț ȕȐ ȕȈ Ȕȍȝț ȘȖȚȖȕȌȣ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȚȘțȗ ȏȈȊȍȘȕțȚ ȕȍ
ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ șȓȍȌȖȊ ȒȘȖȊȐ dzȐȟȕȖșȚȤ țȉȐȚȖȑ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȍ Ȋȣȧ-
șȕȍȕȈ ǵȐ ȟȐȕȣ țȍȏȌȕȖȑ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȐ ȕȐ ȌȊȖȘȕȐȒȐ ȕȍ ȌȈȓȐ ȕȐ-
ȒȈȒȐȝ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȑ ǺȘțȗ ȊȣșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ Ȍȓȧ ȖȉȖȏȘȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ǩȈ-
ȓȈȉȐȕșȒȖȔ ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒȖȔ țȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȕȐȒȍȔ Ȑȏ ȖȉȣȊȈȚȍ-
ȓȍȑ ȖȗȖȏȕȈȕ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȏȍȕ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȋȌȍ Ȓ ȕȍȔț
ȚȖȎȍ ȌȖȗțșȒȈȓȐșȤ ȎȍȓȈȦȡȐȍ ǪȟȍȘȈ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ Ȋ șȣșȒȕȖȍ ȖȚ-
ȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȧȊȐȓșȧ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȖȌȍȚȣȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐ-

120
ȔȖȔț șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ Ƕȕ ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȚȘțȗ
Ȑ ȉȣȓ ȌȖȗțȡȍȕ ǷȘȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȍ ȕȈ țȉȐȚțȦ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚ-
ȕȣȑ ȌȐȒȖ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȓ Țȍȓț ȌȖȓȋȖ ȘȣȌȈȓ ȗȘȐ-
ȗȈȊ Ȓ ȋȘțȌȐ țȉȐȚȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ǰȏ ȉȍșșȊȧȏȕȣȝ șȓȖȊ ȊȣȘȣ-
ȊȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȘȖȦ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ țȓȖȊȐȚȤ ȓȐȠȤ șȓȍ-
ȌțȦȡȐȍ: “ǰȏȊȍȘȋȐ” — “ǴȈȕȧ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȈȧ ǴȈȕȧ” — “ǬȖȉȐ-
ȓȐșȤ”. — “ǩțȌȤȚȍ Ȋȣ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣ” ǯȈȚȍȔ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȊȣȝȊȈȚȐȊ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȗȘȐșȚȈȊȐȓ Ȓ
ȓȍȊȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȋȘțȌȐ ǹȈȔȖțȉȐȑșȚȊȖ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍ-
ȌȐȚȤ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓ Ȑ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ țȗȈȓ ȖȉȓȐȊȈȧșȤ ȒȘȖ-
ȊȤȦ ǵȈȠ ȈȋȍȕȚ DzȈȘȈșȐȒ țșȔȖȚȘȍȊ Ȋ șȈȔȖțȉȐȑȞȍ ȕȍȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȈȋȕțȓșȧ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓ “DzȈȒ
ȏȖȊțȚ țȉȐȚțȦ" DzȚȖ țȉȐȑȞȈ"” ǻȔȐȘȈȦȡȐȑ șȌȍȓȈȓ țșȐȓȐȍ Ȑ
ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȍȌȊȈ ȊȕȧȚȕȖ “ǴȈȕȧ ǽȈȓȦ-ȚȐȕȈ ȌȈȟȈ ȹ ”
DzȘȖȊȤ ȝȓȣȕțȓȈ Ȑȏ țșȚ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȋȖ Ȑ Ȗȕ șȒȖȕȟȈȓșȧ ǷȖȌȘȖȉ-
ȕȣȑ ȖșȔȖȚȘ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ șȈȔȖțȉȐȑȞȣ ȕȍ ȌȈȓ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȘȍȏțȓȤ-
ȚȈȚȖȊ ǵȈȑȌȍȕȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒ ș ȌȊțȔȧșȚȈȔȐ Șțȉȓȍȑ ȒȖ-
ȠȍȓȍȒ ș ȔȍȓȖȟȤȦ ȕȈ ȚȘȐ Șțȉȓȧ șȍȔȤȌȍșȧȚ ȗȧȚȤ ȒȖȗȍȍȒ ȏȖ-
ȓȖȚȣȍ ȟȈșȣ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȑ ȗȖȘȚșȐȋȈȘ ș ȐȕȐȞȐȈȓȈȔȐ “Dz ǹ” Ȑ
șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȈȧ șȗȐȟȍȟȕȐȞȈ ǵȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȖȊ ȐȓȐ ȏȈȗȐșȖȒ,
ȊȐȏȐȚȕȣȝ ȒȈȘȚȖȟȍȒ Ȑ Ț ȗ ȗȘȐ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȔ ȕȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ
ǺȈȒ ȊȖȚ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȔȖȑ ȗȘȖȠț ȊȈș țȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȕȧȚȤșȧ ȥȚȐȔ
ȌȍȓȖȔ ǹȍȕșȈȞȐȖȕȕȖ Ȑ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȊȈȠȍȔ ȊȒțșȍ
ȇ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȔȧȕțȚȈȧ ȌȈȟȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ ǩȈȓȈȉȐȕȍ
ǵȈȌȏȖȘȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ țȟȘȍȎȌȈȓ ȉȖȦșȤ ȉȍȏ ȊȈș ȐșȗȖȘȚȧȚ ǸȈșȗȖ-
ȓȈȋȈȑȚȍ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȔț țșȔȖȚȘȍȕȐȦ ȈȋȍȕȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȌȍȕȍȎȕȣȔȐ șȘȍȌ-
șȚȊȈȔȐ ȈȊȈȕșȖȔ ǹȖȊȍȚțȦ ȊȏȧȚȤ ș șȖȉȖȦ DzȈȘȈșȐȒȈ ǵȍ ȕțȎ-
ȕȣ ȓȐ șȖȉȈȒȐ" Ǫșȍ Ȓ ȊȈȠȐȔ țșȓțȋȈȔ ǯȈȝȖȌȐȚȍ Ȋ șȣșȒȕȖȍ ȏȈ
ȗȖȓȕȖȔȖȟȐȍȔ DzȘȍȗȒȖ ȎȔț ȊȈȠț ȘțȒț
ǪȍșȤ ȊȈȠ
ǺȘȍȜȖȊª
ǩȘȖȕȍȊșȒȐȑ șȒȖȘȟȐȓ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȋȘȐȔȈșț ȝȖȚȧ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ
ȉȣȓ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȗȖȓȤȡȍȕ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȍȔ Ȑ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖșȚȤȦ ȕȈȟȈȓȤșȚȊȈ
— ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȈȠ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ șȣșȒȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȖȚȓȐ--
ȟȈȍȚșȧ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȣȔ șȓȖȋȖȔ Ȉ ȗȐșȈȚȤ ȓȦȉȐȚ ȌȓȐȕȕȖ ©DzȘȖȊȤ
ȝȓȣȕțȓȈ Ȑȏ țșȚ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȋȖª ǹȓȖȊȕȖ Ȑȏ ȝȘȖȕȐȒȐ țȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ

121
ȓȐșȚȒȈ ©ǩȍȏ ǩȘȖȕȍȊșȒȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȉȍȏ ȘțȒª ǪȖȚ ȚȖ-ȚȖ Ǩ Ȋ ȗȘȖ-
ȠȓȖȔ ȋȖȌț ȒȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ©ǩȍȏȌȈȘȕȖșȚȤ ǽȊȈșȚțȕȐȠȒȈ ǪȖȖȉ-
ȘȈȎȈȍȚ șȍȉȧ ȀȍȘȓȖȒȖȔ ǽȖȓȔșȖȔª ǵț, ȌȈ ȒȚȖ șȚȈȘȖȍ ȗȖȔȧ-
ȕȍȚ ǵȈȌȖ țȊȈȎȈȚȤ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ șȖșȚȈȊȐȔ ȗȓȈȕ
ǰ ǩȘȖȕȍȊșȒȐȑ Ȓ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȦ ǪȈȕȌȣ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓ ȕȐȒȈȒȖ-
ȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȣȑ ȒȈȗȖȚ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȖȕȈ ȡȍ-
ȋȖȓȧȓȈ Ȋ ȥȚȖ țȚȘȖ ȒȖȜȍ ȗȐȓ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȕȍ ȌȖȚȘȖȕțȓșȧ ȌȖ ȊȒțș-
ȕȣȝ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȐȝ ȗȍȟȍȕȐȑ Ȉ ǪȈȕȌȈ ȎȌȈȓȈ ȗȖȝȊȈȓȣ
 Ȑ ȋȓțȉȖ-
ȒȖȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ ȒțȘȐȓ șȐȋȈȘț ȏȈ șȐȋȈȘȖȑ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ǪȈȕȌȈ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓȈ șȗȘȖșȐȚȤ Ȗ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȍ Ȑ Ȗȉȍ-
Ȍȍ șȣȡȐȒ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȘȈșșȍȘȌȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȏȈȚȖȗȈȓ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȓȈȕ ȉȣȓ ȊȣȘȈȉȖȚȈȕ
II
Ǫ ȉțȜȍȚȍ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ ǩȈȓȈȉȐȕȖ ȏȈ șȚȖȓȐȒȖȔ șȐȌȍȓȐ șȣȡȐ-
ȒȐ ǩȘȖȕȍȊșȒȐȑ Ȑ DzȈȘȈșȐȒ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȋȘȐȔȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ǶȕȐ
ȗȐȓȐ ȊȖȌȒț ȏȈȒțșȣȊȈȓȐ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓȐ ȚȖȋȖ-ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐ-
ȓȐ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȕȈ ȊșȦ ȏȈȓț
ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȏȐȔȕȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȕȧȚȣ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ șȚȖ-
ȓȐȒȐ ǬȈȟȐ Ȋ ǩȈȓȈȉȐȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȘȈșȝȊȈȚ Ȑ ȕȈȕȐȔȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȍȏ-
ȌȐȓȐ ș ȧȕȊȈȘȧ
— ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȘȈȏȣȡȍȚ ȕȈȠ ǷȘȖȝȖȘ" ȇ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȦșȤ ȔȍșȐȚȤ șȕȍȋ ȗȖ ȥȚȐȔ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȔ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȈȔ — ȋȘȖȔ-
ȒȖ ȏȈȧȊȐȓ ǩȘȖȕȍȊșȒȐȑ
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȕȈȌȖ Ȏȍ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȌȈȟț ǨȕȕȈ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȕȈ ȚȊȖȧ Ȏȍ-
ȕȈ Ȉ ȔȖȧ ȌȖȘȖȋȈȧ șȍșȚȘȐȞȈ — ȖșȖȉȈ ȕȍȘȊȕȈȧ ©ǽȖȟț Ȋ ǩȈȓȈ-
ȉȐȕȍª ǪȖȚ ȍȍ ȉȣ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȗȖȚȈșȒȈȚȤșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ȏȐȔȖȑ Ǩ ȕȍ
țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȐ ȊȣȑȌȍȚ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȒȈȘȈȔȉȖȓȤ
— ǵ-ȌȈ ǬȍȓȖ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖȍ ǹȍȔȍȑȕȣȑ ǺȈȊȘȐȏ ǶȌȕȈ ȕȈȌȍȎ-
ȌȈ ȕȈ ǷȘȖȝȖȘȈ Ǩ ȊȖȚ Ȑ Ȗȕ
ǷȘȖȝȖȘ Ȗȕ Ȏȍ șȣȡȐȒ ǺȦȚȘȦȔȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȖȌȍȚ Ȋ ȒȖȘȖȚȒțȦ
ȔȍȝȖȊțȦ ȒțȘȚȒț ȠȈȗȒț ș țȠȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȣșȖȒȐȍ șȈȗȖȋȐ ǷȖȌȝȖ-
Ȍȧ Ȓ șȚȖȓț Ȗȕ șȕȧȓ ȠȈȗȒț Ȑ ȊȣȚȍȘ ȗȖȚ ș ȓȐȞȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȒȓȍȚ-
ȟȈȚȣȔ ȗȓȈȚȒȖȔ
— ǻșȚȈȓ — șȕȐȏȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ǩȘȖȕȍȊșȒȐȑ — ǵț ȕȐȟȍȋȖ

122
ǹȈȌȐșȤ ȅȑ șȚȈȒȈȕ ȊȖȌȒȐ ȚȘȐ ȉțȚȍȘȉȘȖȌȈ ș ȊȍȚȟȐȕȖȑ ǹȖ-
ȋȘȍȑ ȌțȠț Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȑ
ǷȘȖȝȖȘ ©șȖȋȘȍȓșȧª Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȚȐȝȐȔ ȗȘȖșȚțȎȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ǩȘȖȕȍȊșȒȐȑ ȌȍȓȈȓ ȊȐȌ ȟȚȖ șȓțȠȈȍȚ ȕȍȊȕȐ-
ȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓ ȕȈ ȔȖȓȖȌțȦ ȌȈȔț șȐ-
ȌȍȊȠțȦ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȚȖȓȐȒ
— ǹȗȘȈȊȒȈ — ȝȘȐȗȍȓ ǷȘȖȝȖȘ — ȕȈ ȌȈȟȍ 23 ȎȐȊțȚ ȊȕȐ-
ȏț ȊȍȘȝ ȗțșȚȖȑ ǿȐȕȖȊȕȐȒ ǶȉȓȍșȐȔȖȊ ș șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȖȔ — Ȏȍ-
ȕȈ ȌȊȖȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ ǬȊȍ ȗȘȐșȓțȋȐ — ȎȍȕșȒȐȍ DzȖȔȕȈ-
Țț ȖȚȌȈȦȚ ȎȐȓȤȞț ǺȘȐȋȖȓȤșȒȖȔț ǷȖ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȐ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ
Ȑ ȋȘȈȊȍȘ
— Ǩ-Ȉ — ȔȕȖȋȖȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ǩȘȖȕȍȊșȒȐȑ

123
— ǬȊȖȘȕȐȒ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȋȖșȚȐ ȉȣȊȈȦȚ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ǴțȎ-
ȟȐȕȣ Ȑ ȌȈȔȣ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ș ȌȍȚȤȔȐ Dz ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒț ȝȖȌȐȚ ȒȈȒȖȑ-
ȚȖ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȖȌȍȚȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ǸȈȏ ȕȖȟȍȊȈȓ DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȗȘȐ
ȥȚȖȔ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȐ ȗȖșȣȓȈȍȚșȧ ȏȈ ȊȖȌȒȖȑ ǹȊȍȚ Ȋ ȖȒȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȕ
ȏȈ ȗȖȓȕȖȟȤ ǭȡȍ Ȓ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒț ȝȖȌȐȚ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ Ȋ
ȗȓȈȚȒȍ ȊȐȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȗȘȖșȚȣȝ DzȈȎȍȚșȧ Ȑȏ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕȖȒ șȖșȍȌȕȍȑ
ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ ǬȊȖȘȕȐȒ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ ȊȣȝȖȌȧ ȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ Ǫșȍ
ǷȘȖȝȖȘ ȕȈȓȐȓ șȍȉȍ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ șȚȈȒȈȕ Ȑ șȘȈȏț ȊȣȓȐȓ Ȋ ȋȖȘȓȖ.
— ǯȈ ȌȍȓȖ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȋțȉȈȔȐ ǩȘȖȕȍȊșȒȐȑ Ȑ ȗȘȐȉȈ-
ȊȐȓ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ — ǵț ǨȕȕȈ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȕȈ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȉțȌȍȚ ȌȖȊȖȓȤ-
ȕȈ
_____
ǶȒȖȓȖ ȏȈȉȖȘȈ ȌȈȟȐ ȹ  ȊȣȝȖȌȧȡȍȋȖ Ȋ ȗȖȓȍ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖ-
ȒȖȑ șȕȍȋȖȊȖȑ ȧȔȍ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȌȊȖȍ Ȋ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȠȈȗȒȈȝ Ȑ ȒțȘȚȒȈȝ ș
ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ȔȍȝȖȊȣȔȐ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȒȈȔȐ ǵȖȟȤȦ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȘȐ ȓțȕȕȖȔ
șȊȍȚȍ ȕȍ ȖȚȓȐȟȐȠȤ Ȑȝ ȕȈ ȉȍȓȖȔ șȕȍȋȖȊȖȔ ȜȖȕȍ ǹȐȌȧȡȐȍ
ȚȐȝȖ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȗȚȣȊȈȓȐșȤ
— ǻȉȐȑȞȈ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ǺȘȐȋȖȓȤșȒȐȑ ȥȚȖȚ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ ǪȍȘȤ-
Țȍ ȔȖȍȑ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȧȊȕȖ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȈȧ ȜȐȏȐȖ-
ȕȖȔȐȧ ǹȖȖȉȡȕȐȒ — ȥȚȖȚ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȕȍȞ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȝȖȌȐȚ.
ǻȉȐȑșȚȊȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȑ ȌȈȟȍ ǶȉȓȍșȐȔȖ-
Ȋȣ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȐ ȗȘȐ ȟȍȔ ǷȖȟȊȈ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȘȖȔȈȕȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ
— ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȤ țșȚȘȈȕȐȚȤ ȕȈșȓȍȌȕȐȞț ȅȚȖ Ȕȣ ȍȡȍ ȘȈș-
șȓȍȌțȍȔ ǺȘȐȋȖȓȤșȒȐȑ — ȉȓțȌȕȣȑ șȣȕ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ
ȉȖȋȈȚȖȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ ȎȐȊțȡȍȋȖ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ ǭȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ șȣȕ ȊȌȖȊ-
ȞȈ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȋȘȖȏȐȚ ȏȈȊȍȡȈȕȐȍ ȕȍ Ȋ ȗȖȓȤȏț șȣȕȈ
— ǵȖ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ ǹȚȈȕȐșȓȈȊ ǰȖșȐȜȖȊȐȟ ȊȍȌȤ țȉȐȚȈȧ —
ǽȈȓȦȚȐȕȈ"
— ǺȈȒ ȟȚȖ Ȑȏ ȚȖȋȖ? ǵȍȏȈȒȖȕȕȈȧ ȌȖȟȤ
— Ǩ Ȋȣ ȐȔȍȍȚȍ ȌȈȕȕȣȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȚȤ?
— Ǫȣ ȋȓțȗȣ DzȈȘȈșȐȒ ǩȘȖȕȍȊșȒȐȑ șȓȖȊȈ ȕȈ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȕȍ ȉȘȖ-
șȈȍȚ
— Ǫȣ — ȋȍȕȐȑ ȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȈȔȐ ȗȘȍȒȓȖȕȧȦșȤ

124
— Ǻșș
ǵȈ ȘȈșȟȐȡȍȕȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȎȒȍ șȈȌȈ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȌȈȟȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ
ȌȊȍ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ǶȌȕȈ — Ȋ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ș ȒȈȘȈȒțȓȍȊȣȔ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȒȖȔ
ǬȘțȋȈȧ — Ȋ ȎȐȌȍȕȤȒȖȔ ȌȍȔȐșȍȏȖȕȍ ȗȖȘȣȎȍȓȖȑ Ƞȓȧȗȍ —
Ȋșȧ ȖȓȐȞȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȖȑ ȌȘȖȎȐ
ǷȘȖȠȓȐșȤ ȊȏȈȌ Ȑ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑ șȍȓȐ ȕȈ șȒȈȔȤȦ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȊ ȏȈșȈȌȣ șȣȡȐȒȖȊ
— ǺȈȒ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ, ș ȖȚȞȖȔ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈ ȔȐȘȖȊțȦ" — ȏȈȔȈȕȐ-
ȊȈȦȡȍ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȕȍȞ

125
— ǬȈ ȉȘȈȚ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ǵȈȌȖ ȗȖȌșȓțȎȐȚȤșȧ ǷȘȖȚȐȊ-
ȕȖ ȐȔȍȚȤ ȌȍȓȖ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȟȍȘȕȖșȖȚȍȕȞȍȔ ȌȈ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌȍȓȈȍȠȤ ǵȈ
ȓȈȌȈȕ ȌȣȠȐȚ șȚȈȘȐȒ ǺȖȋȖ Ȑ ȋȓȧȌȐ, ȖȚȒȈȎȍȚ Ȋșȍ
DzȈȒ ȕȐ ȕȈȗȘȧȋȈȓ șȓțȝ ǩȘȖȕȍȊșȒȐȑ ȕȖ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȜȘȈȏȣ țȕȍș
ȗȖȘȣȊ ȊȍȚȘȈ ȗȘȍȌȊȍșȚȕȐȒ ȔȍȚȍȓȐ ǷȘȐ ȚȐȝȖȑ ȗȖȋȖȌȍ ȊȖȏ-
ȕȐȒȕȍȚ ȊȐȝȘȤ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȖ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȍȚ ȉȍȓȖȍ șȕȍȎȕȖȍ
ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȖȉȍȎȐȚ ȖȕȖ ȗȖ ȗȖȓȦ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȣȗȓȍȚșȧ
Ȉ ȚȈȔ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȚȐȝȖ
— Ǩ ǴȈȕȧ" — ȌȖȕȍșșȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȋȖȓȖș ȖȉȖȘȊȈȕȞȈ
— ǴȈȕȍ ȉȘȈȚ ȒȈȗțȚ ǮȈȓȤ ȍȍ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ǵȖ șȐȓȈ ȕȍȖȉ-
ȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȐ Ǻȣ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȠȤ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȥȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ǩȖ-
ȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȈȧ ȌȖ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȈȧ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȧ Ǵȕȍ ȍȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȎȈȓȒȖ
— ǹȍȕȚȐȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȕȍȋȖȌȧȑ — ȗȘȖȠȐȗȍȓ ǩȘȖȕȍȊșȒȐȑ
Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȏȈșȈȌȍ
ǹȐȌȧȡȐȍ ȕȈ șȒȈȔȤȍ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ
— DzȖșȚȧ — ȕȈȌȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȕȍȞ
— Ǩ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȉțȌȍȚ" Ǻȣ țȍȌȍȠȤ ȘȈȏȉȖȋȈȚȍȍȠȤ ȏȈȉț-
ȌȍȠȤ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȘțȋȈ DzțȌȈ ȧ ȌȍȕțșȤ? ǩȣȓ ȚȈȓȈȕȚ — Ȋȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐ-
ȓȐ ǷȘȖȠȍȓ Ǻȣ ȍȡȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȠȤ ǬțȝȖȊȕȖ ǯȕȈȦ
ȟȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȒțȌȈ ȗȘȐȑȚȐ ǻȍȌȍȠȤ ǰ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ DzȖșȚȧ ȕȍ ȏȈ-
ȉțȌȤ ȖȉȖ Ȕȕȍ ǪșȗȖȔȕȐ ȊȍȌȤ ȧ Țȍȉȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȓ
ǬțȠȖȑ Ȍȓȧ Țȍȉȧ ȗȖȒȘȐȊȐȓ ǪȍȌȤ Ȑ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȍșȚȤ șȖȊȍșȚȤ Ǩ ȥȚȖ
ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ
ǪȕȖȊȤ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓȖ ȉȍȓȖȍ ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ Ȑ țȕȍșȓȖ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȧȝ
șȊȖȍȑ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȜȘȈȏȣ
— ǿțȌȈȒ Țȣ ǻȎȍ ȏȈȕȣȓ ǬȈ șȔȖȚȘȐ ȕȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȋȍșȍȓȍȑ
ǸȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȕȍ ȏȈȉțȌț ǷȈȗȈȝȍȕ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȘȖȚȧȕȍȚ ǷȘȐȍȌț
ș ȔȖȠȕȖȑ ǯȈȎȐȊȍȔ ǬȈ Ȑ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ Țȍȉȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȦ
— ǯȈȉțȌȍȠȤ Țȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȉțȌȍȠȤ ǪȍȌȤ ȧ Ȑ șȍȑȟȈș ȉȍȏ ȋȘȖ-
ȠȈ
— ǪȖȏȤȔȐ — ȊȖȚ ǿȚȖ ȔȖȋț ǰ ȖȎȐȌȈȑ Ǩ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȑ-
ȚȐșȤ ȓȐ ȕȈȔ ȗȖ ȓȍșȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȎȒȍ"
— ǽȖȓȖȌȕȖ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ Ȍȓȧ Țȍȉȧ
Ƕȉȍ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȊȣȠȓȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȏȈȌȕȦȦ ȒȈȓȐȚȒț
Ȓ ȓȍșț
— ǹȓȣȠȈȓ DzȈȘȈșȐȒ? ǿȚȖ" ǵȍ ȗȘȈȊ ȧ ȉȣȓ" ǵȍ ȗȘȍȌț-
ȋȈȌȈȓ" ǴȖȋ ȓȐ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ ȚȈȒ ȘȈșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ ǹȚȘȐȎȕȍȊȐȟ" ǶȌ-

ȕȈȒȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȒȖȊȈȚȤ ȎȍȓȍȏȖ ȗȖȒȈ ȋȖȘȧȟȖ ǩȍȋȐ ȏȈ ǺȦȚȘȦȔȖ-
ȊȣȔ
ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȚȘȖȍ șȣȡȐȒȖȊ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȖȗțȠȒȍ ȓȍșȈ
ǺȦȚȘȦȔȖȊ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ șȖȉȈȒț Ȋ ȕȈȔȖȘȌȕȐȒȍ
— ǬȈȑ ȍȑ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȖ ȗȖȕȦȝȈȚȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȒțșȖȒ ȗȓȈȚȤȧ țȉȐ-
ȚȖȑ ǹȚȖȑ ǶȕȐ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȦȚșȧ ǹȗțșȒȈȑ
ǹȖȉȈȒȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȈ ȊȖȏ-
Ȍțȝ Ȑ ȗȖȔȟȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒț Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȕȕȖȔț
ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȦ
— ǨȊ ǨȊ — ȏȊȖȕȒȖ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȓȈȑ ȕȈ ȟȐșȚȖȔ ȔȖȘȖȏȕȖȔ
ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ
ǹȣșȒȕȈȧ șȖȉȈȒȈ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȑȏ șȍȉȧ dzȈȧȓȈ ȊȣȓȈ ȊȐȏȎȈ-
ȓȈ ȉȘȖșȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȤ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȐȒȖȊ ǶȕȐ ȍȌȊȈ ȖȚȉȐȊȈȓȐșȤ
ȖȚ ȥȚȖȑ ȉȍȠȍȕȖȑ ȈȚȈȒȐ.
ǵȈ ȖȗțȠȒȍ ȖȉȖȐȝ ȗȍȘȍȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ șȣȡȐȒȐ ǽțȌȖȎȕȐȒ ȕȍ
ȕȈ ȠțȚȒț șȚȘțșȐȊȠȐȑ ȊȣȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȒȈȊȒȈȏșȒȐȑ ȒȐȕȎȈȓ Ȑ ȏȈȔȈȝ-
ȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ǩȘȖȕȍȊșȒȖȋȖ ǵȖ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȐȒȈ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȖȉȍȏȖȘțȎȐ-
ȓȐ Ȑ șȊȧȏȈȓȐ ǹȊȧȏȈȓȐ Ȑ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȍȋȖ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȕȞȈ
— ǪȖȚ — ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ǩȘȖȕȍȊșȒȐȑ ȗȖȌȕȐ-
ȔȈȧ ȒȐȕȎȈȓ, — ȊȖȚ ȖȘțȎȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ țȉȐȚȈ ǴȈȘȐȧ ǽȈȓȦȚȐ-
ȕȈ .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
— ǵț-ș ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȔȖȑ ȗȖȏȌȘȈȊȓȧȦ ȖȚ ȌțȠȐ ȗȖȏȌȘȈȊȓȧȦ
ș ȗȖȓȕȣȔ țșȗȍȝȖȔ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ șȣșȒȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȌȍȓȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȧ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȖȚȕȖȑ ȘțȒȐ ȘțȒț ǩȘȖȕȍȊșȒȖȋȖ
— ǸȈșșȒȈȎȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȗȖȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȑ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ" ǵȈ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȧ
țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ȕȈȌȏȖȘ ȏȈ ȌȈȟȍȑ ȹ 
— ȹ  ȔȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ
— ǷȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ Ȋ ȊȈȠȍȔ ȗȐșȤȔȍ ǬȈ șȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ șȈȔȐ
— ǹȔȖȚȘȦ ȔȐȓȣȑ Ȑ ȊȐȎț ȞȐȜȘț 
— ǿȍȘȚ ǿȍȘȚ ȘȈȏȉȍȘȍȚ ȊȈȠȐ ȒȈȘȈȒțȓȐ
_____

DzȐȕțȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȌȈȟț ȹ  ȕȖ ȎȐȓȤȞȣ ȚȈȔ țȎȍ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ȒȈȒ
șȢȍȝȈȓȐ ǵȈ șȚȖȓȍ Ȋ Ȓțȝȕȍ ȒȘȈșȖȊȈȓșȧ ȓȐșȚ ȉțȔȈȋȐ:
©ǫȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȣȑ șȣȡȐȒ ǩȘȖȕȍȊșȒȐȑ Ǵȣ ș ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȖȔ șȓȍ-
ȌȐȓȐ ȏȈ ȊȈȠȐȔȐ ȘȈșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧȔȐ ǵȖ Ȓ șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȦ ȚȈȑ-
ȕț șȔȍȘȚȐ ȗȘȖȊȖȒȈȚȖȘȠȐ ǴȈȘȐȐ ǫȘȖșșȔȈȕ ȖȕȈ Ȏȍ ǽȈȓȦȚȐ-
ȕȈ ȊȈȔ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤª

128
ǸǼǻdzȄ ȆdzǾǹǼǸǮ ȃǼǹǺǿǮ
ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ǪȈȚșȖȕ ȊȍȘȕȣȑ ȌȘțȋ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ șȣȡȐȒȈ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ
Ȋ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȕȍțȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȍ — ȗȖȟȍȔț ȀȍȘȓȖȒ
ǽȖȓȔș ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓ șȊȖȦ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȑ ȏȈȕȧȓșȧ ȖȋȖ-
ȘȖȌȕȐȟȍșȚȊȖȔ Ȑ ȗȟȍȓȖȊȖȌșȚȊȖȔ
ǿȚȖ ȗȖȉțȌȐȓȖ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȚȈȒ
ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ șȈȔȖȖȚȊȍȘȎȍȕȕțȦ ȉȖȘȤȉț șȖ ȏȓȖȔ" ǶȌȕȖ ȐȔȧ ȀȍȘ-
ȓȖȒȈ ǽȖȓȔșȈ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖ ȌȘȖȎȈȚȤ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ Ȑ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȐ ȊȘȈ-
ȋȖȊ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȐȔȧ ȊșȍȓȧȓȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȔȣșȓȧȡȍȑ ȟȈ-
șȚȐ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ȕȈȌȍȎȌț ȟȚȖ ȏȈȡȐȚȕȐȒ ȔȍȡȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖ-
ȓțȟȐȧ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȖ șȚȖȐȚ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȎȍ ǺȈȒȐȍ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐ ȒȈȒ ȀȍȘ-
ȓȖȒ ǽȖȓȔș ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕ ȈȌȔȐȘȈȓ ǵȍȓȤșȖȕ ǸȐȟȈȘȌ dzȤȊȐȕȖȍ
ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ ǴȈȒȍȌȖȕșȒȐȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȦȚ-
șȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȉȍȋșȚȊȖ ș ȗȖȓȧ ȉȐȚȊȣ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ șȔȍȘȚȤ
ȐȓȐ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ șȚȈȊȐȚ ȘȖȒȖȊțȦ ȚȖȟȒț Ȋ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ ȗȖ-
ȊȍșȚȐ Ȑȝ ȗȖȌȊȐȋȖȊ
ǵȖ ȀȍȘȓȖȒ ǽȖȓȔș ȎȐȊ Ȗȕ țȌȈȓȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȌȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȕȖȍ Ȑȏ-
ȋȕȈȕȐȍ ǵȍ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȓ ȓȐ Ȗȕ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ǪȈȚȍȘȓȖȖ"
ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ǪȈȚșȖȕ ȔȖȓȟȐȚ ǰ ȧ ȍȔț ȊȗȖȓȕȍ șȖȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȌȘțȋ
ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȊȣȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȏȖȘȈ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȘțȋȈ
ǵȖ ȧ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ țȏȕȈȊȠȐȑ ȋȘțșȚȕȖȍ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȍ șȓȖ-
ȔȐȊȠȍȍ ȎȍȓȍȏȕțȦ ȊȖȓȦ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ șȣȡȐȒȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉțȌțȟȐ șȊȧ-
ȏȈȕ ȒȓȧȚȊȖȑ ȐȓȐ țȏȈȔȐ ȌȘțȎȉȣ șȟȐȚȈȦ șȊȖȐȔ ȌȖȓȋȖȔ ȗȖ-
ȊȍȌȈȚȤ ȔȐȘț ȐșȚȐȕț
I
ǷȖȏȌȕȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ Ȍ-Ș ǪȈȚșȖȕ șȐȌȍȓ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ Ȑ
ȗȘȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖșȓțȎȐȚȤ
ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȖȔ Ȍȓȧ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȚȖȔȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȑ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖȋȖ șȣ-
ȡȐȒȈ Ǫ ȌȖȔȍ Ȋșȍ țșȕțȓȐ Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȚȐȝȖ ǿȍȘȕȈȧ
ȕȖȟȤ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ Ȋ ȖȒȕȈ ȒȖȚȚȍȌȎȈ
Ǭ-Ș ǪȈȚșȖȕ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȟȈșȚȖ ȖȚȘȣȊȈȓșȧ ȖȚ șȊȖȍȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ

130
— ǬȘțȎȐȡȍ — ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș.
— ǻȉȍȘȐȚȍ ȊȈȠȍ șȒȖȘȖșȚȘȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȖȘțȎȐȍ Ȑ ȖȗțșȚȐȚȍ ȕȈ ȖȒ-
ȕȈȝ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȍ ȠȚȖȘȣ
ǪȈȚșȖȕ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ
— Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȖ ȕȍȚ ȓȐ ȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
ȏȈ ȌȊȍȘȧȔȐ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȐȝ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȝ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȍȑ șȐȌȍȕȤȍ
ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȖșȤ Ȑ Ȑȏ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍȋȖ ȧȡȐȒȈ ȓȖȊȒȖ Ȋȣ-
șȒȖȟȐȓȈ ȝțȌȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȀȍȘȓȖȒȈ ǽȖȓȔșȈ
ǪȈȚșȖȕ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț ȌȘțȋț Ȑ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȍȔț Șț-
Ȓț ȐȏȖȉȘȈȏȐȊ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖȍ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍ
— ǬȘțȎȐȡȍ ȐȏȉȈȊȤȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚ ȘȈșșȗȘȖșȖȊ ǷȘȖșȐȌȍȊ Ȟȍ-
ȓȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȋ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȖȚȚȖȔȈȕȒȍ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȈȌșȒȐȑ ȋȖȓȖȌ ǵȈ-
ȒȖȘȔȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȟȍȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȧ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȐȝ
— ǵȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț"
— Ǫȣ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȧ ȕȍ Ȋȣȓȍȏ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȋȖ ȧȡȐȒȈ" ǪȈȚșȖȕ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȊȐȌȈȚȤșȧ ș ȊȈ-
ȔȐ ȕȖ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȑ șȓȍȌȐȚ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȗȈȘ ȋȓȈȏ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȕȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȟȍȔ ȔȖȐ ǹȈȔȖ ǷȘȖȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ ȊȕțȠȐȓȖ ȊȈȔ șȟȈ-
șȚȓȐȊțȦ ȔȣșȓȤ ȒțȗȐȚȤ ȖȚȚȖȔȈȕȒț Ȉ ȗȖȗȈșȚȤ Ȋ ȕȍȍ Ȍȓȧ ȊȈ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȍȑȠȍȋȖ șȓțȋȐ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȌȍȚșȒȈȧ ȏȈȉȈȊȈ DzȖȘȔȐ-
Țȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ǪȈȚșȖȕ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ țȔȍȘȠȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ
șȔȍȘȚȤȦ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȐșȚȘȍȉȐȊ ȝȖȓȖȌȕțȦ ȏȈȒțșȒț Ȑ ȏȈȗȐȊ ȍȍ șȚȈȒȈȕȖȔ
ȊȐșȒȐ ȀȍȘȓȖȒ ǽȖȓȔș ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ƕȕ
ȏȈȒțȘȐȓ șȊȖȦ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚțȦ ȚȘțȉȒț ș ȒȘȍȗȟȈȑȠȐȔ ȚȈȉȈȒȖȔ Ȑ
ȘȈșȚȧȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȒȘȍșȓȍ-ȒȈȟȈȓȒȍ
— ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȡȍ ǪȈȚșȖȕ ȊȈȠ ȌȘțȋ ȕȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȉȖȓȍȍ
șȚȘȈȕȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ǷȖȉȍȌȈ Ȑ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ — Ȋ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖ Ȏȍ
ȊȘȍȔȧ Ǫȣ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȐ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ
ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ Ȋ dzȖȕȌȖȕȍ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ Ǫȍȕȍ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȍ ǨȔșȚȍȘȌȈȔȍ
ǵȤȦ-ǰȖȘȒȍ ǹȈȕ-ǼȘȈȕȞȐșȒȖ ǺȖȒȐȖ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒȍ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘ-
ȋȍ Ȑ ȊȖ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȋȖȘȖȌȈȝ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕ ȘȧȌ ȌȍȘȏȒȐȝ ȗȘȍ-
șȚțȗȓȍȕȐȑ ȖșȚȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȉȍȏȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȕȣȔȐ" DzȈȒȐȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȍșȚțȗ-
ȓȍȕȐȧ" ǶȋȘȈȉȓȍȕȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈșș ȉȈȕȒȖȊ Ȑ ȈȒȞȐȖȕȍȘȕȣȝ Ȗȉ-
ȡȍșȚȊ ǷȖȝȐȡȍȕȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȝ ȌȍȊțȠȍȒ ȓțȟȠȐȝ ȈȘȐ-
șȚȖȒȘȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȑ ǩȍȏ ȊȍșȚȐ Ȑșȟȍȏ ȕȈșȓȍȌȕȐȒ ȈȔȍ-
ȘȐȒȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȍȘȈ ǻȉȐȚ Ȑ ȖȋȘȈȉȓȍȕ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȍȊȘȍȑ

131
ǰȖȕȈș ȐȔȍȊȠȐȑ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒț ȝȘȈȕȐȚȤ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ țȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȖȔ ȌȖ-
Ȕȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȞȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ǶȒȖȓȖ ǪȈȘȠȈȊȣ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȒȘțȠȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȍȏȌȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȍȝȈȓȐ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȉȖ-
ȋȈȚȣȍ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȣ Ȑ ȊȍȏȓȐ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȣ Ȗȉȡȍȑ șȚȖȐȔȖșȚȤȦ Ȋ
ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕ ȜțȕȚȖȊ șȚȍȘȓȐȕȋȖȊ ǵȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȖȋȘȈȉȓȍȕ ǪȈȚȐȒȈȕ
ǰȏ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȕȐȞȣ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȞȈȘșȚȊțȦȡȍȑ ȌȐȕȈșȚȐȐ Ȑșȟȍȏ Ȉȓ-
ȔȈȏ ȘȈȊȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȕȍȚ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ ǷȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȍ
ȕȈ ȚȘȈȕșȊȈȈȓȤșȒȐȍ ȈȓȔȈȏȕȣȍ ȒȖȗȐ ǨȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȍ ȔȖȘșȒȖȍ ȔȐ-
ȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȖ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ ȐȡȍȚ ȗȘȖȗȈȊȠțȦ ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȒț ȹ ǷȘȖ-
ȌȖȓȎȈȚȤ ȓȐ ǪȈȚșȖȕ" Ǫȣ șȗȘȖșȐȚȍ ȒȈȒȈȧ Ȏȍ șȊȧȏȤ ȔȍȎȌț
ȥȚȐȔȐ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧȔȐ" ǷȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ǺȈȒ ȌțȔȈȓ
Ȑ ȧ ǬȖȓȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȕȍțșȚȈȕȕȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȧ
Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȋȖȌ șȊȍȘȧȧ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȐȍ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȑ Ȑ
șȖȊȍȘȠȐȊ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȒȘțȋȖșȊȍȚȕȖȍ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ
Ȓ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȦ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ — ȌȍȓȖ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȖȑ ȔȍȎ-
ȌțȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȑ ȠȈȑȒȐ Ǫȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȔȖȑ ȔȍȚȖȌ" Ǵȕȍ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ
țȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȐȚȐ Ȑ ȒȓțȉȖȒ Ȋ ȔȖȐȝ ȘțȒȈȝ ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȗȖȐȔȍȕ-
ȕȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȋȓȈȊȈȘȍȑ ȥȚȖȑ ȖȗȈșȕȍȑȠȍȑ ȠȈȑ-
ȒȐ ǪșȍȔ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌȧȚ ȚȘȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ǪȈȚșȖȕ ȥȚȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȍ
ȌȤȧȊȖȓȣ ȊȖȗȓȖȚȐȊȠȐȍșȧ Ȋ ȎȍȕșȒȐȍ ȚȍȓȈ ȉȍȏțȒȖȘȐȏȕȍȕȕȖȑ
ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ ȀȈȑȒȈ ȏȈȔȣșȓȐȓȈ ȋȘȈȕȌȐȖȏȕȖȍ ȖȋȘȈȉȓȍȕȐȍ ȉȈȕ-
ȒȈ — ȖȖȖȖȖȖ ȜțȕȚȖȊ șȚȍȘȓȐȕȋȖȊ ǪȈȚșȖȕ ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ Ȍȓȧ
ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȓȍȕȐȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȋȕțșȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȔȣșȓȈ ȐȔ ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȈȍȚ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȋȖ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ǪȈȚșȖȕ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȐȌȍȚ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ ȧ
ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȐșȟȍȏȕțȚȤ ǵȈȌȖ ȕȈȕȍșȚȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ țȌȈȘ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȐ-
Ȋȣȍ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȣ ȖȟțȚȧȚșȧ ȏȈ ȘȍȠȍȚȒȖȑ ǪȖȚ ȗȈȒȍȚ Ǫ ȕȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȗȖ-
ȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ǭșȓȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȖȍ șțȚȖȒ ȧ ȕȍ ȧȊȓȦșȤ Ȓ ȊȈȔ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȌȈȑȚȍ ȗȈȒȍȚ ȊȓȈșȚȧȔ, ȕȖ ȕȍ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ǭșȓȐ ȈȘȍșȚțȦȚ ȕȍ ȊșȦ
ȠȈȑȒț
ȀȍȘȓȖȒ ǽȖȓȔș ȕȍ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȅȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȋȈșȓȖ Ȑ ǪȈȚșȖȕ ȧșȕȖ ȘȈșșȓȣȠȈȓ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȊȠȍȑ
ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖȑ ȚȤȔȣ ȠȐȗȧȡȐȑ ȏȊțȒ Ƕȕ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȗȘȐȚȖȘ-
ȕȣȑ ȖȌțȘȧȦȡȐȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ Ȗș-
ȚȈȊȐȓȖ
DzȖȋȌȈ ǪȈȚșȖȕ Ȗȟȕțȓșȧ țȚȘȖȔ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȖȒȕȖ
ȀȍȘȓȖȒ ǽȖȓȔș Ȑșȟȍȏ ǰșȟȍȏ Ȑ ȗȈȒȍȚ ș ȖȉȓȐȟȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȌȖȒț-
ȔȍȕȚȈȔȐ

132
II
— ǽȈ ȝȈ ȝȈ — ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ șȔȍȝ ȚȘȍȝ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȣȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ
ǪȍșȍȓȣȔ ȗȍȘȍȓȐȊȈȔ ȎȍȕșȒȖȋȖ ȝȖȝȖȚȈ ȊȚȖȘȐȓ ȉȈș ȉȘȦ-
ȕȍȚȈ ȈȚȓȍȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȖșȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ
— ǯȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȑȚȍ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ șȣȡȐȒ
ǹȔțȋȓȈȧ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ ȉȓȍșȕțȓȈ ȕȈ ǽȖȓȔșȈ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȏȊȍȏ-
ȌȈȔȐ ȋȓȈȏ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘțȋȓȐȊ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕțȦ ȌȖ ȗȓȍȟȈ ȘțȒț ȚȖȟȕȖ
ȊȣȓȐȚțȦ Ȑȏ ȉȘȖȕȏȣ ȗȖșȓȈȓȈ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȑ ȗȖȞȍȓțȑ ǽȖȓȔș
șȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȍ ȊȍșȤ ȖȗțȚȈȕȕȣȑ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȈȔȐ ǸȖȚ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓ
ȏȈȚȒȕțȚ ȒțșȒȖȔ ȋȐȋȘȖșȒȖȗȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȊȈȚȣ
ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ șȣȡȐȒ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȉțȌțȡȍȍ
ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ ȉȣȊȈȓ Ȋ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧȝ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎ-
ȕȣȝ

133
ǪȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȈȧ ȉȓȖȕȌȐȕȒȈ ș ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȣȔȐ ȜȖȘȔȈȔȐ ȗȘȐ-
șȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ ǽȖȓȔșȈ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȕȍȉȍșȕȖ-ȋȖȓțȉȣȔȐ
ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖȚȒȐȕțȓȈ ȏȖȓȖȚȐșȚȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȓȖȒȖȕȈ-
ȔȐ ȊȐȓȐșȤ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȐ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
șȣȡȐȒȈ ȏȈșȊȍȘȒȈȓ șȕȍȎȕȖȑ ȉȍȓȐȏȕȖȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȑ ȊȣȘȍȏ ȟȍȘ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȉȈȘȝȈȚȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȘșȈȎȈ ǩȓȖȕȌȐȕȒȈ ȖȚȌȈȓȈ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȞȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȘțȒȐ
ǴțȎȟȐȕȈ ȈȚȓȍȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȖșȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȌșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȓ ǽȖȓȔ-
șț Ȑ Ȋȣȕțȓ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȐȏȖ ȘȚȈ ȒȓȖȒ ȋȐȋȘȖșȒȖȗȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȊȈȚȣ
ǯȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȚȘȍȚȤȧ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȖȍ șȖȏ-
ȌȈȕȐȍ ǶȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈȐȊȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ ȗȖȌ
ȘȖȊȕȣȔȕ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȘȐșȖȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȌțȋȈȔȐ ȉȘȖȊȍȑ ǵȖșȐȒ ȉȣȓ
ȏȈȌȖȘȕȖ ȊȏȌȍȘȕțȚ Ȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȘȖȚ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȊȣȒȘȈȠȍȕ șȊȍ-
Ȏȍȑ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ Ǫșȍ ȖȉȓȐȟȈȓȖ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȗȈȘȐȎȈȕȒț
— Ǵ-șȤȍ ǽȖȓȔș ȗȖȊȍȘȤȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ș ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚ-
ȊȐȍȔ ȟȐȚȈȓȈ Ȗ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȌȐȊȕȣȝ ȗȖȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȧȝ ȖȗȐșȈȕȕȣȝ Ȍ-
ȘȖȔ ǪȈȚșȖȕȖȔ ǰ ȌȈȎȍ ȔȕȖȋȖȔț ȕȈțȟȐȓȈșȤ Ȑȏ ȉȍșȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȝ
ȔȍȚȖȌȖȊ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȧȍȔȣȝ ȊȈȔȐ ȗȘȐ șȣșȒȍ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ©ǹȖȊȍȚȍ
ǺȘȍȝª ȖȉșțȎȌȈȓșȧ ȊȖȗȘȖș Ȗ șȔȍȘȚȕȖȑ ȒȈȏȕȐ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȋȣ
șȚȘȖȋȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȏȈșȓțȎȐȓȐ ȧ ȗȍȘȊȈȧ ȗȖȌȈȓȈ ȋȖȓȖș ȏȈ
ȊȈș Ȑ țȉȍȌȐȓȈ ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤȕȐȞț ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȇ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȊ șȔȍȘȚȐ
— Ǩ ȍȊȘȍȑ ǰȖȕȈș Ȑ ȎȍȘȚȊȣ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȌȖȘȖȎȕȖȋȖ ȒȘțȠȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȗȖȌ ǪȈȘȠȈȊȖȑ" — ȏȈȔȖȋȐȓȤȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȗȘȖȋțȌȍȓ ǽȖȓȔș
— ǵȍ ȉțȌȍȔ șȗȖȘȐȚȤ ǹ ȊȈȠȐȔ ȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ țȔȖȔ Ȋȣ
ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈȟȍȔ Ȕȣ ȊȈș ȗȖȝȐȚȐȓȐ"
— Ǫȣ șȖȉȐȘȈȍȚȍșȤ ȖȋȘȈȉȐȚȤ ȉȈȕȒ Ȋ ȖȌȕț Ȑȏ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȐȝ
ȕȖȟȍȑ ǿȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȉȘȖȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȒȈșșȣ ȕȍȖȉ-
ȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȚȘȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ șȓȖȊȈ Ȍȓȧ ȒȖȔȉȐȕȈ-
ȞȐȐ ȒȕȖȗȖȒ șȍȒȘȍȚȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȔȒȈ ǪȈȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȍ
șȓȖȊȖ©ǨȓȤșȐȕȖȘȚª ǶșȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȌȊțȝ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ Ȑ ȕȈȌȍȍ-
ȚȍșȤ ȊȣȗȣȚȈȚȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȈȑȕț.
— Ǫȣ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȓȍȕȣ ȅȚȖ ȐȏȉȈȊȓȧȍȚ
ȕȈș ȖȚ ȐȏȓȐȠȕȐȝ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ ǪȈȠȐ țșȓȖȊȐȧ"
— ǹ ȋȘȈȉȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ Ȑ țȉȐȑȞȈȔȐ ȧ ȕȍ ȊȝȖȎț Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȘȣ
— ǷȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ǬȘțȋȖȋȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ Ȕȣ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȓȐ Ǫșȍ Ȏȍ
Ȕȣ șȟȐȚȈȍȔ șȊȖȍȑ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȚȤșȧ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ ȌȍȓȖ
ȔȐȘȕȖ ǿȚȖ Ȋȣ șȒȈȎȍȚȍ Ȗ  ș ȌȖȉȣȟȐ" ȅȚȖ ȊȍȌȤ șȖșȚȈȊȐȚ

134
 ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȈ ȜțȕȚȖȊ
— ǩȖȋȈȚșȚȊȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȓȤȡȈȓȖ
— Ǩ ȍșȓȐ Ȕȣ țȒȈȎȍȔ ȔȍșȚȖ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȈȧ
ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȒȈ ȹ " ǪȍȘȕȍȔ ȗȖȝȐȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈșȓȍȌȕȐȒȈ" ǶȚ-
ȌȈȌȐȔ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȈ ǪȈȚȐȒȈȕȈ Ȑ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊșȒȐȑ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚ"
— Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȧ ȘȈȏȣȡț ȉȍȏ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ
— ǵȖ Ȋȣ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȍȚȍ ȔȐȓȍȑȠȐȑ Ȕ-șȤȍ ǽȖȓȔș ȟȚȖ ȊȣȑȚȐ
ȕȈ șȊȖȉȖȌț ȊȈȔ țȌȈșȚșȧ ȓȐȠȤ șȖȖȉȡȐȊ ȕȈȔ ȌȊȈ șȓȖȊȈ Ǫ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȊȕȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ
— ȇ ȕȍ ȉȖȦșȤ șȔȍȘȚȐ — ȋȖȘȌȖ ȉȓȍșȕțȓ șȍȘȖ-șȚȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ
ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ șȣȡȐȒ
— ȅȚȖ Ȕȣ ȏȕȈȍȔ ȕȖ ȕȍțȎȍȓȐ Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ țȔȘȍȚȍ
ȚȈȒ ȗȘȖșȚȖ — ȖȚ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȈ ȧȌȈ ȐȓȐ ȒȐȕȎȈȓȈ" ǪȈȔ ȏȕȈȒȖ-
ȔȈ ȗȣȚȒȈ ȖȋȕȍȔ"
— Ǵȍȕȧ ȎȋȓȐ ȌȖ ȒȖșȚȍȑ ȘȈșȒȈȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȎȍȓȍȏȖȔ ȗȐȘȈȚȣ
ǺȍȔȏȣ
— ǪȖȌȖȑ?
— ǵȈ ǹȈȕȌȊȐȟȍȊȣȝ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈȝ ȠȈȑȒȈ ǽțȈȘȍșȈ ȊȓȐȓȈ Ȋ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȉȖȟȒț ȊȖȌȣ
ǾȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȉȓȖȕȌȐȕȒȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈ ȘțȒț
— ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ǷȘȐȏȖȊȐȚȍ ȇȌȐ-ǹȈȔȈȋȈȚȈ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț ȧȊȐȓșȧ ȦȘȒȐȑ ȎȐȓȐșȚȣȑ ȧȗȖȕȍȞ Ƕȕ ȗȖ-
ȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ǽȖȓȔșț Ȑ ȊȣȚȧȕțȊ șȊȖȐ ȞȍȗȒȐȍ ȘțȒȐ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȖșȓȍ-
ȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȎȐȔȈȚȤ ȐȔȐ ȔțșȒțȓȣ ȘțȒ Ȑ ȕȖȋ șȣȡȐȒȈ ǷȖ-
ȚȖȔ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȌȍȓȈȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȈȌ Ƞȍȍȑ ǷȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȓ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȗȖ
ȋȘțȌȐ Ȑ ȎȐȊȖȚț ǰ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖșȚȈȊȐȊ șȊȖȦ ȎȍȘȚȊț ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎ-
ȕȖ ȘȈȏȊȍȓ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
— ȅȚȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȠȒȖȓț ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȑ ȗȣȚȒȐ ȕȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȦȡȍȑșȧ ț ȕȈș ©ǷȓȧșȒȖȑ ǹȔȍȘȚȐª DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȒțșȖȒ ȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ
șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ©ȈȌșȒȖȔț ȔȈșșȈȎțª
— Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȉȓȖȕȌȐȕȒȈ — ȗȘȐȔȍȕȐȔ
ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȖ
ǩȘȦȕȍȚ ȈȚȓȍȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ǽȖȓȔ-
șȈ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȠȓȍȔ Ȑ ȖȗțȚȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȖ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȈȔȐ
ǩȓȖȕȌȐȕȒȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȈ ȘțȟȒț ȊȣȒȓȦȟȈȚȍȓȧ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈȒȖȘȍȕȍȓȣȍ ȏȓȖȌȍȐ ȔȖȋȓȐ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȉȍȏ țȎȈșȈ
ȕȈ ȗȣȚȒț ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȖȔ ǽȖȓȔș ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓ ȕȍȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍ-
șȒȐȍ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ Ȋșȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȍȋȖ șȊȖȌȐȓȖ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ șțȌȖ-

135
ȘȖȋȖȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ șȍȑȟȈș ȘȈȏȖȘȊȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȟȈșȚȐ ǵȍșȔȖȚ-
Șȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ șȣȡȐȒ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȕ Ȓ ȒȘȍșȓț ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȒȐȌȣ-
ȊȈȓȖ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȈ
ǩȓȖȕȌȐȕȒȈ ȊȣȒȓȦȟȐȓȈ ȚȖȒ
— Ǫȣ șȒȈȎȍȚȍ ȌȊȈ șȓȖȊȈ ǽȖȓȔș"
— ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ — ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș șȣȡȐȒ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
Ȑ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ Ȗȟȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȞȈȘȐȓ ȗȖȓțȔȘȈȒ.
ǨȌșȒȐȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ — ȋȓȈȊȈȘȐ ȠȈȑȒȐ — Ȑ Ȑȝ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȐ
ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ șȒȘȣȓȐșȤ
ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ Ȓ ǽȖȓȔșț ȚȐȝȖ șȚȈȓȈ ȗȘȐ-
ȉȓȐȎȈȚȤșȧ ȎȍȕșȒȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ Ȋșȧ ȏȈȒțȚȈȕȕȈȧ Ȋ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȖ
ǩȍȓȈȧ ȗȍȓȍȕȈ șȗȈȓȈ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȣȡȐȒȖȔ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȓȈ ȉȓȖȕ-
ȌȐȕȒȈ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȉȓȍșȒȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȞȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȘȈșȣ ǭȌȐȕșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȖȌȍȎȌȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȣ șȓțȎȐȓȈ ȋțșȚȈȧ ȊȖȓȕȈ ȍȍ
șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȝ ȊȖȓȖș ǶȕȈ ȗȘȐȓȤȕțȓȈ Ȓ ǽȖȓȔșț Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȒȘȣȓȈ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ șȚȘȈșȚȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȞȍȓțȧȔȐ ǷȘȐȏȣȊȕȣȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ
ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȎȍȕșȒȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȑ ș ȈȘȖȔȈȚȖȔ ȞȊȍȚȒȈ
ȓȖȚȖșȈ ȌțȘȔȈȕȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț
— ǴȐȓȣȑ șȒȈȎȐ ȌȊȈ șȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȧ ȉțȌț ȚȊȖȍȑ ȇ ȕȈȗȖȦ Țȍ-
ȉȧ șȓȈȌȒȖȑ ȖȚȘȈȊȖȑ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖȑ șȚȘȈșȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Țȣ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ
ȕȍ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓ.
DzȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȈȓȈ șȣȡȐȒț ȘțȒȐ Ȑ țȎȍ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȖȊȈ-
ȓȈ ȗȖȉȍȌț ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȒȈȒ șȐȓȤȕȣȍ ȔțȎșȒȐȍ ȘțȒȐ ȖȉȕȧȓȐ ȍȍ
ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ șȚȈȕ
Ǫ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ șțȝȖȑ ȚȘȍșȒ șȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȕȈȘțȟȕȐȒȖȊ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ǽȖȓȔș ș ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ ȔȖȓȕȐȐ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ Ȑȏ ȉȖȒȖȊȖȋȖ
ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ Ȑ ȏȈȡȍȓȒȕțȓ ȕȈ ȘțȒȈȝ ȉȓȖȕȌȐȕȒȐ ȖȚȊȍȌȧ Ȑȝ ȏȈ șȗȐ-
ȕț.
— ǰȔȍȕȍȔ ȏȈȒȖȕȈ ȧ Țȍȉȧ ȈȘȍșȚțȦ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ ȋȘȖȔȖ-
ȊȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȓșȧ ȖȚ ȊȍȘȍȊȖȒ șȊȧȏȣȊȈȊ-
ȠȐȝ ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋȐ
ǵȖ ȉȓȖȕȌȐȕȒȈ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ țșȗȍȓȈ ȖȚșȒȖȟȐȚȤ Ȓ șȚȍȕȍ Ȑ
ȕȍ ȊȓȈȌȍȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȕȈȎȈȓȈ ȒȕȖȗȒț ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȏȊȖȕȒȈ
șȊȖȐȔ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȣȔ ȕȖșȐȒȖȔ
Ǫ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȊȖȘȊȈȓȐșȤ ȗȧȚȤ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖȋȖ ȘȖșȚȈ Ȑ
șȝȊȈȚȐȊ ǽȖȓȔșȈ ȗȖȊȈȓȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȖȚșȚȍȋ-
ȕțȓ ȔȈȕȎȍȚȒț ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȍȊȖȑ ȘțȒȍ Ȑ ȖȉȕȈȎȐȓ ȍȍ ȌȖ ȓȖȒȚȧ

șȕțȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȌ ȒȖȎț Ȑ șȈȔ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȐȓ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȥȚȖ șȘȍȌșȚȊȖ Ȓ
ȒȈȜȘț ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȊȠȍȔț Ȋ ǺȘȈȕșȊȈȈȓȍ ȌȐȊȕȣȑ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚ ȋȖ-
ȓțȉȖȑ ȊȖȌȣ ǰȔȍȕȕȖ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓ Ȗȕ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐ-
ȚȖȑ ©ȆȎȕȖȑ ǯȊȍȏȌȖȑª
ǵȐȒȈȒȈȧ ȗȣȚȒȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȤșȧ ș ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȓ ǽȖȓȔș ǭȋȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȓȐ ȗȖȏȖȘ Ȑ țȕȐȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚ-
ȊȐȐ ȌȈȔ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ Ȑ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȐȞ
— ǬțȕȒȈȕ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǽȖȓȔș ȕȍ șȊȖȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— ǺȘȍȚȤȍ șȓȖȊȖ"
— dzȍȌȐ ȓȍȌȐ ǴȐȓȤșȉȖȘȖ
ǷȖȏȈȌȐ șȣȡȐȒȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȌȊȍȘȤ
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Ǫ Țț Ȏȍ ȕȖȟȤ ȉȈȕȒ ȉȣȓ ȖȋȘȈȉȓȍȕ
— ǬȘțȋ ǪȈȚșȖȕ — ș ȗȖȕȐȒȠȍȑ, ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȋȖȘȌȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
șȒȈȏȈȓ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ șȣȡȐȒ. —ȇ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȚȒȈȏȣȊȈȦșȤ ȖȚ ȗȘȖ-
ȜȍșșȐȐ ȥȒșȗȍȘȚȈ ȗȖ țȋȖȓȖȊȕȣȔ ȌȍȓȈȔ ǭșȚȤ șȐȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȈșțȍȚ Ȑ ȉȘȐȚȈȕșȒȖȍ ȔțȎȍșȚȊȖ ȅȚȈ șȐȓȈ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ
©ȀȖȒȐȕȋª

ǽȞȖșȜȔȓțȖȭ

139
ȅǶȀǮȀdzǹȊ-ǿȀǾǮȁǿ
ǹȚȘȈțș, ȐȓȐ șȚȘȈȜȖȒȈȔȐȓȤ, ȖȝȖȚȕȖ ȋȓȖȚȈȍȚ
ȒȈȔȕȐ Ȑ Ȗȕȣȍ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȗȍȘȍȊȈȘȐȊȈȍȚ
ǭȌȊȈ ȓȐ Ȑȏ ǩȘȥȔȈ ȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ
Ȑȏ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ǫȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȖȊȈ*.
ǮȐȓȐ-ȉȣȓȐ ȌȊȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ Ȑ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ
ǹȒȖȘȖ șȒȈȎȍȚȍ Ȋȣ" ǪȍȘȕȖ ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȑ șȚȈ-
ȘȍȕȤȒȐȔ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȗȘȖȉȈȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȖȊȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȕȍȚ
ǷȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȉȣȓ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȍȘ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȔȍȟȚȈȓ
ǪșȚȈȊȠȐ țȚȘȖȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȕȈȌȍȧȓșȧ Ȉ Ȓ ȊȍȟȍȘț ȘȈȏȖȟȈ-
ȘȖȊȣȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȊȗȈȌȈȓ Ȋ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȍ ǬȍȓȖ Ȋșȍ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ
ȗȘȐșȚȈȊȓȍȕ ȊȖȓȍȦ șțȌȍȉ ȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȚȐ ȊșȍȔȖȋțȡȍȋȖ ǨȓȓȈ-
ȝȈ Ȓ șȚȘȈțșț șȐȌȧȡȍȔț Ȋ ȒȓȍȚȒȍ ǰ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȊȍȟȕȖȑ ȒȕȐȋȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȕȈȟȍȘȚȈȕȖ ©ǹȐȌȍȚȤ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȦ ȗȘȐ șȚȘȈțșȍ ȗȖȒȈ ȚȖȚ ȕȍ ȏȈ-
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ Ȑ ȕȍ ȕȈȟȕȍȚ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȚȤ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȖȊª
Ǩ șȚȘȈțș ȉȣȓ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ Ƕȕ șȐȌȍȓ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȓȍȚȒȍ Ȑ ȖȕȖȑ
ȉȣȓ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȖȊȖȓȍȕ DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȌȊȍȘȞȣ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ
ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȖȚȗȍȘȚȣȔȐ Ȋșȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȐșȗțȋȈȓȐșȤ ©ǵȈȠ șȚȘȈțș
ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ țȉȍȎȐȚª ǺȖȚ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȖȊȍȓ șȍȉȧ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȉȓȈȋȖ-
ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȕȖ Ǫȣșțȕțȓ Ȑȏ ȌȊȍȘȞȣ ȌȓȐȕȕțȦ ȠȍȦ ȗȖȊȍȓ ȒȘțȋȖȔ
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȒȖȑ ȗȖȝȓȖȗȈȓ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ șȒȖȕ-
ȜțȏȐȓșȧ ǰ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȣȔ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȉȐȊ-
ȠȐșȤ Ȋ țȋȖȓ ȒȓȍȚȒȐ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȏȈȘȣȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȍșȖȒ ǺȈȒ
ȗȖ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȦ țȟȍȕȣȝ-ȍșȚȍșȚȊȖȐșȗȣȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȗȖșȚțȗȈȦȚ Ȑ
ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȍ șȚȘȈțșȣ Ȋ ȗțșȚȣȕȍ ǹȈȝȈȘȍ ǷȖȟțȦȚ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ —
ȚȖȚȟȈș ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȋ ȗȍșȖȒ Ȉ ȋȘțȏȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȗȖ ȕȍșȒȈȏȈȕȕȖȔț ȓȍȋ-
ȒȖȔȣșȓȐȦ Ȉ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ, Ȑ ȋȓțȗȖșȚȐ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȕȈȘțȎț ȚȈȒ
ȟȚȖ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȗȘȐȞȍȓȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȐȚȤ Ȋ
* ɂɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɢ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɚɜɲɢɣ ɫ ɤɨɧɰɚ -ɯ ɝɝ ɦɧɨ-
ɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɧɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɤɪɢɬɢɤɨɜɚɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤ Ⱥ Ƚɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɜɚ
©ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɠɟɧɫɤɢɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɣª

140
șȈȔȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȚȤ Ȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȡȍ ȏȈȘȧȌȈ ȌȈȘȖȔ ȕȍ ȚȍȘȧȚȤ Ȉ ȗȖȌȖȑȚȐ Ȑ ȊȣȡȐȗȈȚȤ Țȍ ȗȍȘȤȧ,
Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȑ ȊȍȌȍȚșȧ ȖȝȖȚȈ ȗȈ ȕȍȘȈȏțȔȕȣȝ șȚȘȈțșȖȊ Ƿȍ-
ȘȤȧ șȐȐ ȐȌțȚ ȒȈȒ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȕȈ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȐȍ ȌȈȔșȒȐȝ Ƞȓȧȗ
ǺȈȒȎȍ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȌȍȓȈȦȚ ȉȖȈ ǩȣȊȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȣȍ ȉȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȧ ȖȚȌȍȓȣȊȈȦȚșȧ șȚȘȈțșȖȊȣȔȐ ȗȍȘȤȧȔȐ
ǽȖȚȧ șȚȘȈțș Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȍȎȈȓ Ȑȏ ȒȓȍȚȒȐ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȊȣșȖȊȣȊȈȧșȤ
Ȑȏ ȕȍȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȗȖșȚțȗȖȒ ȓȍȋȒȖȔȣșȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȧȊȐȓ Ȉ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȓ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȑ
ȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȔț șȚȘȈțșț ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȏȈȘȣȓ Ȋ
ȗȍșȖȒ Ȉ ȟțȊșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȟȈșȚȐ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȕȈȘțȎț
ǸȍȠȍȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț șȚȘȈțșȈ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȑ ȍȋȖ
ȗȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȔȍșȚȈȔ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ ȊȣșȍȒȓȐ
ǺțȚ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ șȚȘȈțș ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖ-
șȖȔ Ȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ țȎȍ ȕȈȌȍȧȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ǵȖ ȕȈ-
ȌȍȎȌȈ șȐȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȈ ǹȚȘȈțș ȊȣȕțȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑȏ ȗȍșȒȈ
ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș
— ȅȚȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚ ȧ Ȑ ȏȈ ȌȍȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȓȐ Ǩ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔț ȗȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȚȤ ȘțȟȒț
ǰ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șȚȘȈțș ȕȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓ Ȑ
șȚȈȓ ȎȐȚȤ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț.
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȏȍ șȍȑ șȓțȟȈȑ ȕȈȊȍȒȐ ȓȐȠȐȓ șȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȧ ȗȐ-
șȈȚȍȓȧ
— ǽȖȚȧ șȚȘȈțș Ȑ ȕȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȕȖ Ȋșȍ
Ȏȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȤȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
Ȗȕ Ȑ ȘȈȏțȔȕȖȍ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȒȈȎȍȚ Ȑ ȘȈȏțȔȕȣȍ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȐ șȖ-
ȊȍȘȠȈȚȤ ȕȈȟȕȍȚ
ǰ șȚȈȓ ȗȘȐȌțȔȣȊȈȚȤ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȒȈȒ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕ-
ȕȖȍ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȊȍȟȕȖȑ ȒȕȐȋȍ ȊșȍȔȖȋțȡȍȋȖ ǨȓȓȈȝȈ ǰ șȚȈȓ ȗȐșȈȚȤ Ȑ
ȌțȔȈȚȤ
— ǵȍ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȌȖ ȍȋȖ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒȖȑ șȓȍȏȖȑ ȗȘȖȕȧȚȤ
ǷȓȈȒȈȓ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ șȖȘȖȒ Ȍȕȍȑ Ȑ șȖȘȖȒ ȕȖȟȍȑ ȕȈȗȓȈȒȈȓ Ȟȍ-
ȓțȦ ȉȖȟȒț șȓȍȏ Ȑ șȗȖȐȓ ȍȍ ȊșȦ șȚȘȈțșț Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȚȈȓ ȎȌȈȚȤ
ȟȚȖ Ȑȏ șȍȋȖ ȊȖșȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊțȍȚ
ǪȖșȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȍ ȔȕȖȋȖȍ ǷȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ,
ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ șȚȘȈțșȈ ȏȘȐȚȍȓȧȔ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǪȐȌȐȚȍ Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȕȈțȟȐȓșȧ ȊȏȌȣȝȈȚȤ Ȑ ȗȓȈȒȈȚȤ ǷȖȋȖ-
ȌȐȚȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ — Ȑ Ȗȕ șȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ ȘȈȏțȔȕȣȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȔ

141
ǰ ȚȖȟȕȖ — șȚȘȈțș Ȑ ȊȏȌȣȝȈȓ Ȑ ȗȓȈȒȈȓ ȕȖ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ
ȉȣȓȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȖȚ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ ȖȚ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒȐȝ ȓȐ ȟțȊșȚȊ,
ȐȓȐ ȖȚ ȘȈșșȚȘȖȑșȚȊȈ ȗȐȡȍȊȈȘȍȕȐȧ
ǷȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ Ȏȍ ȕȍ țȕȣȊȈȓ
— ǭȎȍȓȐ ȗȓȈȒȈȚȤ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȚȖ Ȑ șȔȍȧȚȤșȧ ȔȖȎȍȚ ǰ Ȕȣ țȏ-
ȘȐȔ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȍ Ȍȓȧ ȔȐȘȈ șȓȍȏȣ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȊȐȌȐȔȣȑ șȔȍȝ ǵȍ
ȐȕȈȟȍ ȒȈȒ ȍȋȖ șȈȚȐȘȖȑ ȗȘȖȉȘȈȚȤ ȕțȎȕȖ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȚȘȈțșȖȔ Ȑ
ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓ ȍȔț ȊȕțȠȈȚȤ
— ǪȍȌȤ Țȣ — ȗȖȠȍȝȖȕȍȞ Ǻȣ ȘȈȒȈ ș ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓȤȕȣȔ ȏȊȖȕȖȔ
ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ Ǻȣ ȘȍȒț ȚȖȓȖȒȕȖȔ ȔȍșȐȓ Ǻȣ ȡțȒț ȕȈ ȧȑȞȈ șȈ-
ȎȈȓ Ǻȣ Ȋ ȚȘȍȝ șȖșȕȈȝ ȏȈȉȓțȌȐȓșȧ Ǻȣ ǩȖȋȈ ȊȖ ȡȈȝ șȓȖȗȈȓ
ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ șȚȘȈțș ȒȖ ȊșȧȒȖȑ șȈȚȐȘȍ ȖȚȕȖșȐȓșȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ
ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȖ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȐȌȍȚ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț Ȗ ȋȘȈȎ-
ȌȈȕșȒȖȑ șȒȖȘȉȐ ȊȏȌȣȝȈȓ Ȑ ȗȓȈȒȈȓ ǹ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍȔ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȕȍȟȚȖ țȘȈȏțȔȍȓ ǹȚȈȓ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȈȗȘȈȊȖ Ȑ ȕȈȓȍȊȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȖȋț ȖȌȕț ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȓǨ ț ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȏȈȔȐȘȈȓȖ ȊȖȚ-ȊȖȚ ȕȈȟȕȍȚ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȚȤ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȐ ǰ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȕȍȟȚȖ șȖ-
ȊȍȘȠȈȚȤ ǪȣȚȧȕțȓ ȠȍȦ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȒȖȘȖȚȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ
șȚȈȓ Ȋ ȗȖȏț ȌȈ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȋȖȋȖȟȍȚ
— ǰ-ȋȖ-ȋȖ-ȋȖ-ȋȖ
ǷȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȚȖȘȖȗȍȓ
— ǰ-ȋȖ-ȋȖ-ȋȖ-ȋȖ
ǯȘȐȚȍȓȐ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ Ȏȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ șȚȘȈțș ȕȈțȟȐȓșȧ ȕȍ
ȗȖ-ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȤȍȔț Ȉ ȗȖ-ȋțșȐȕȖȔț
ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ
— ǷȓȈȒȈȚȤ Ȑ șȔȍȧȚȤșȧ Ȗȕ ȕȈțȟȐȓșȧ ǵȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ȍȋȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȕȈțȒȖȑ ȗȘȖȉȘȈȚȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ Ȋ ȘȈȏțȔ
ȊȖȠȍȓ
ǰ șȚȈȓ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȒȖȘȔȐȚȤ șȚȘȈțșȈ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȕȈțȒȈȔȐ
ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ș ȖȝȖȚȖȦ ȘȈșȒȘȣȊȈȓ ȘȖȚ ȗȘȖȋȓȈȚȣȊȈȓ ȒȘȧȒȈȓ Ȉ ȗȖ
ȐșȚȍȟȍȕȐȐ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȈȘȐȊȈȓ ǷȐșȈȚȍȓȤ
ȗȖȌȈȓ ȍȔț Ȑ ǬȈȘȊȐȕȈ Ȑ ǹȗȍȕșȍȘȈ Ȑ ǴȖȓȍȠȖȚȚȈ Ȑ ǩȖȒȓȧ Ȑ
ǨȌȈȔȈ ǹȔȐȚȈ Ȑ ǸȖȌȉȍȘȚțșȈ DzȈȘȓȈ ǴȈȘȒșȈ ȅȕȋȍȓȤșȈ dzȈș-
șȈȓȧ ǹȚȘȈțș Ȋșȍ ȒțȠȈȓ ș ȖȝȖȚȖȦ Ȑ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȐȏȘȧȌȕȖ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȊȈȘȐȊȈȓ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȘȍȟȐ ȕȍ ȕȈțȟȐȓșȧ Ȉ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍ-

142
șȒȐȝ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȖȊ ȚȍȔ ȗȈȟȍ ȕȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȓ
ǷȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȋ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȍ ǿȍȔ Ȏȍ ȍȔț ȕȈ-
ȒȖȕȍȞ ȒȖȘȔȐȚȤ șȚȘȈțșȈ" ǰ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ș ȋȖȘȧ ȉȘȖșȈȚȤ Ȋ
ȘȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȐ ȗȖȗȈȌȍȚ ȗȘȖȊȈȕ-
șȒȖȍ ȔȈșȓȖ ȗȍȘȍȞ șȍȘȕțȦ ȒȐșȓȖȚț ȋȈȠȐȠ ȌțȘȔȈȕ ȌțȝȐ ȖȗȖ-
ȗȖȕȈȒș ȌȍȋȖȚȤ ȔȍȌ ȋȈȏȍȚȕȣȍ ȜȍȓȤȍȚȖȕȣ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȊȣȔȈȏȈȓ
ȍȋȖ ȊșȍȋȖ ȓȐȉȍȘȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȊȈȏȍȓȐȕȖȔ Ȑ ȕȈȗȖȐȓ ȗȈȚȘȐȖȚȐȟȍ-
șȒȐȔ ȒȊȈșȖȔ
ǬȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȌȖȠȍȓ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȊȖȏȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȐȚȈ-
Țȍȓȧ-șȚȘȈțșȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȖȔ ȖȋȖȘȟȍȕȐȐ ȐȏȋȖȚȖȊȐȓ șȈȔțȦ
țȉȐȑșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȗȍȚȈȘȌț Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȏȍȊ
— ǿȚȖȉ Țȍȉȧ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȓȖ
ǹȚȘȈțș ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȓ șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȐșȚȖ-
ȘȐȐ ǫȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȖȊȈ Ȑ țȎȈșȕțȦ ȗȍȚȈȘȌț ȗȘȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȈ-
ȘȐȓǷȐșȈȚȍȓȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȍȔ Ȏȍ ȍȔț ȍȡȍ
ȕȈȒȖȘȔȐȚȤ șȚȘȈțșȈ ǪȈȓȍȘȐȍȔ ǩȘȦșȖȊȣȔ ȐȓȐ ǴȈȒșȐȔȖȔ
ǫȖȘȤȒȐȔ" Ǩ ȗȖșȍȔț ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȏȈȗȐȓ ȔȍȘȚȊțȦ
ǩȣȓȖ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȏȈȔȍȟȍȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ șȐȐ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚȣ ȕȍ
ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȉȍȏ șȓȍȌȈ Ȑ șȚȘȈțș Ȋ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȓțȟȈȧȝ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ
șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ ȟȓȍȕȖȘȈȏȌȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ ȘȍȟȐ ǰ ȊșȍȋȌȈ
ȥȚȖ șȓțȟȈȓȖșȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȚȘȈțșȈ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖșȍȟȤ ȏȈ ȕȍȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ ȗȘȖȊȐȕȕȖșȚȐ ǹȍȑȟȈș Ȗȕ ȏȈȘȖȍȚ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȋ ȗȍșȖȒ Ȉ Ȋșȍ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȔȍșȚȈ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȌșȚȈȊȐȚ ȘțȒȍ ȕȈȒȈ-
ȏțȦȡȍȑ
ǷȖșȓȍ Ȏȍ ȥȒȏȍȒțȞȐȐ ȕȍțȒȖșȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȖȏȋȓȈȠȈȍȚ
— ǻȒȈȎȐ Ȕȕȍ ȚȈȒțȦ ȖȉȐȚȍȓȤ
— ǪȖȓȋȈ ǪȖȓȋȈ ȊȍșȕȖȑ ȔȕȖȋȖȊȖȌȕȖȑ
Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȕȈȟȕȍȚ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ȁȍȌȘȐȕȈ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȊșȍȔ
ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȍ ȔȐȘț șȓȍȏȣ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȊȐȌȐȔȣȑ șȔȍȝ
ǬȈȓȍȍ Ȏȍ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȚȤ
— Ǯȍȓȍȏȕȣȑ ȏȈȒȖȕ ǺȍȖȘȐȧ ȗȘȐșȗȖșȖȉȓȧȍȔȖșȚȐ ǭș-
ȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȌȉȖȘ
ǰ ȒȘȐȟȐȚ ȗȍȚțȠȐȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— ȅȒȖȕȖȔȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȐȏȔ ǺȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȣșȍȒȓȐ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȌșȚȘȖȑȒț Ȓ ȦȘȐȌȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȖȚ-
ȕȖȠȍȕȐȧȔ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȏȈȌțȔȈȍȚșȧ

—ǷȍȘȍȖȞȍȕȒȈ ȞȍȕȕȖșȚȍȑ ǵȖ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȍȚ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȖȞȍȕȒȈ ȚȍȓȍșȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ"
ǷȖȚȖȔ țșȗȖȒȈȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȊȗȈȌȈȍȚ Ȋ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ
— ǵȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȤșȧ ȏȓț ȕȈșȐȓȐȍȔ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȘȈȏȕȍȎȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȍȊȠȐ ȕȈȏȍȔȤ ȚȐȝȖ ȔțȘȓȣ-
ȟȍȚ:
— ǷȖșȓȍ ȘȖȏȖȋ ȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊȗȈȌȈȦ Ȋ ȓȐȓȖȊȣȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȖȘȈȕ-
ȎȍȊȣȍ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȧ ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȧșȕȖ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ șȓȈȌȖșȚȘȈșȚ-
ȕȣȑ ȐȏȋȐȉ ȕȈȒȈȏțȦȡȍȑ ȓȖȏȣ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ Ȏȍ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȖȊ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ Ȏȍ ȕȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȍȚ

144
ǽǼǿǹdzDzǻȍȍ ǸǼǹǼǻǻǮ
— ǹȌȈȑșȧ șȌȈȑșȧ
ȅȚȖȚ ȋȖȓȖș — Ȗȕ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ Ȋșȍ ȋȘȖȔȟȍ ȏȊțȟȐȚ Ȋșȍ țȊȍ-
Șȍȕȕȍȍ
— ǵȍȓȤȏȧ ȎȐȚȤ ȉȍȏ ȊȍȘȣ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǪȍȘȤ Ȋ ȕȍȍ ȓȦȉȐ ȍȍ
Ǻȣ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ ȐșȚȐȕȣ Ȉ Ȋșȍ ȖȚȘȐȞȈȍȠȤ. Ǻȣ șȔȍȍȚșȧ ȐȏȌȍȊȈȍȠȤ-
șȧ ȕȈȌ ȊșȍȔ Ǻȣ ȘȈȏȘțȠȈȍȠȤ Ȋșȍ ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ" ǷȖșȔȖȚ-
ȘȐ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȖȌȕȐ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȐ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕȣ ǫȌȍ Ȏȍ ȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȋȌȍ
ȚȊȖȑ ȗȘȐȦȚ" Ǻȣ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȋ ȗțȚȤ ȉȖȌȘȖ Ȑ ș ȖȘțȎȐȍȔ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ Ȑ
țȊȐȌȍȓ ȊșȦȌț ȓȖȎȤ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȈȊȌț Ǻȣ șȚȈȓ ȘȈȏȘțȠȈȚȤ ȘȈȏȘț-
ȠȈȚȤ ȝȘȈȔ ǪȈȈȓȈ Ȑ ǴȖȓȖȝȈ" ǵȍȚ Țȣ ȘȈȏȘțȠȈȍȠȤ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ șȊȖȦ ȊȍȘț ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ț Țȍȉȧ
ȉȍȌȕȣȑ" ǶȚ ȗȣȠȕȖȑ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ — ȖȌȕȐ ȓȖȝȔȖȚȤȧ ǪȏȖȘ ȚȊȖȑ
ȧșȕȣȑ Ȑ ȋȖȘȌȣȑ ȗȖȚțșȒȕȍȓ ǫȌȍ ȚȊȖȧ șȐȓȈ ȚȊȖȧ ȔȖȡȤ" ǩȍ-
ȏțȔȍȞ Ǻȣ ȌȍȓȈȍȠȤ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ țșȐȓȐȧ Ȑ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȖȔ ȒȖȗȤȧ
ȉȤȍȠȤ ȗȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȈȔ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȝȘȈȔȈ ǵț țȗȈȌțȚ ȖȕȐ.
ǽȖȘȖȠȖ Ǻȣ ȖȌȖȓȍȍȠȤ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȐȍ ȘȈȏȖȉȤȍȠȤ
ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȦȦ ȈȔȜȖȘț Ȑ șȚȖȓȍȚȕȐȔ ȊȐȕȖȔ ȕȈȗȖȐȠȤ ȔțșȖȘ Ȑ
ȋȘȧȏȤ — ȚȘȖȜȍȐ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȗȖȉȍȌȣ ǵȖ ȟȍȔ Ȏȍ Țȣ-ȚȖ ȎȈȓȒȐȑ ȉȍ-
ȏțȔȍȞ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȎȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕȈȝ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȝȘȈȔȈ" ǿȍȔ"
ǰ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȉȖȦșȤ ȧ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȚ șȍȑȟȈș ȘțȝȕȍȚ ȗȖș-
ȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȈ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȝȘȈȔȈ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕțșȤ ȧ ȖȌȐȕ șȖȊșȍȔ
ȖȌȐȕ ǵȍ ȉțȌȍȚ țȎȍ șȈȔȖȏȈȉȊȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȏȓȖȉȣ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȋȖȘ-
ȌȖȋȖ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȈ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ǰ ȖșȚȈȕțșȤ ȧ ȔȕȐȔȣȑ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȤ,
ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȔ Ȋ ȗțșȚȣȕȍ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ șȖȏȌȈȓ șȈȔ ȊȖȒȘțȋ șȍȉȧ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ țșȓȣȠȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș șȔȍȘȚȐ
ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȧ țȎȈș ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȈ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȎȈȓȍȦ ȧ Ȗ
șȚȈȘȖȔ ȝȘȈȔȍ Ȗ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȌȍȒȖȘȈȞȐȐ Ȗ ȉȓȈȋȖȊȖȕȕȖȔ
ȒțȘȍȕȐȐ Ȗ șȚȘȖȑȕȖȔ ȝȖȘȍ șȓȈȊȖșȓȖȊȧȡȍȔ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ǮȐȏȕȤ ǵȖ ȧ Țȍȉȧ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȓ Ȉ Țȣ ȔȖȡȕȈȧ ȕȍȗȖȒȖȓȍȉȐ-
ȔȈȧ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȗȖȘȈȎȈȓ ȒȈȘȚȖȕȕȣȔ ȔȍȟȖȔ Ȑ țȉȐ-
ȊȈȓ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȟȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȧ ȅȚȖȚ ȝȘȈȔ — șȚȖȐȚ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎ-
ȕȍȔț Ȑ ȒțȘȐȚșȧ ȜȐȔȐȈȔ ȊȖ șȓȈȊț ȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȉȖȋȈ Ȑ ȋȘȍȔȧȚ
ȓȐȚȈȊȘȣ Ȑ ȝȖȘ ȏȊțȟȐȚ Ȑ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȊțȒȐ ȕȍșțȚșȧ
ȊȊȣșȤ

145
ǵȖ ȧ țȎȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȓȣȠț ȧ ȕȍ șȗȖșȖȉȍȕ șȓȣȠȈȚȤ ȇ
ȘȈȏȘțȠȐȓ Ȋșȍ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȖȌȐȕ DzțȌȈ Ȏȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ" ǯȈ ȉȖȘȚ"
ȇ ȗȓȈȟț ǷȖȏȌȕȐȍ șȓȍȏȣ ǵȍ ȊȍȘȕȍȠȤ ǰȏ ȔțșȖȘȈ Ȑ ȋȕȐ-
ȓȐ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȘȖȌȧȚșȧ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȍ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ ȐȏțȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȜȘȖȕ-
ȚȖȕȣ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȐȌȖȓ ȕȍ ȊȖșȗȘȧȕȍȚ Ȋ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȔ ȒȈȔ-
ȕȍ ȕȍ țȊȐȎț ȧ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȟȍȘȚ
ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȓȖȎȤ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȈȊȌȈ ǰ ȕȍ ȧ ȓȐ ȖȗȖȓȟȐȓșȧ
ȕȈ ȕȍȍ" ǵȍ ȧ ȓȐ ȊȣȏȊȈȓ ȍȍ ȕȈ ȉȖȑ" ǵȍ ȧ ȓȐ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȓ" ȇ ȋȖȘȌ
ȧ șȐȓȍȕ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȔȐȕțȚȕȈȧ șȓȈȉȖșȚȤ ǷȘȖȟȤ ȇ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȘȈȏ-
ȘțȠȈȚȤ șȚȘȖȐȚȤ ȉțȌțȚ ȗȖșȓȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ǪȗȍȘȍȌ ǭȡȍ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȏ-
ȘțȠȍȕȖ ȍȡȍ ȎȐȊȈ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȏȓȖȉȈ ȍȡȍ șȐȓȤȕȣ ȘțȒȐ ȍȡȍ ȋț-
ȉȐȚȍȓȍȕ ȘȈȏȔȈȝ
ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ ȇ ȉȖȦșȤ ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȇ ȕȍ ȌȖȚȘȖȕțșȤ ȌȖ ȥȚȖȑ
ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ ȇ șȧȌț ț ȗȖȌȕȖȎȐȧ ȍȍ Ȑ ȉțȌț ȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȗ
șȚȈȘȖȔ ȝȘȈȔȍ
DzȈȒ ȗȖȓȖȕ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȘȈȏȋȈȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȟțȌȍș ȒȈȒ ȎȐȊȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȕȈȧ ȚȍȕȤ ȗȖȌ ȊȍȒȖȊȣȔ șȊȖȌȖȔ Ȑ ȒȈȎ-
Ȍȣȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȠȍȗȚȈȓ Ȕȕȍ șȚȈȘțȦ șȒȈȏȒț ȟțȌȕțȦ șȒȈȏȒț ȉȣ-
ȓȖȋȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȕȖȋȖ ǷțșȚȤ ȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȓȖȎȤ ȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ
ȍȑ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȎȘȍȞȣ Ȋ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȘȐȏȈȝ ȊȖȏȕȖșȐȓȐ Ȓ ȕȍȉț
ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ ȧ ȗȈȌȈȓ ȕȐȞ Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȝ ȗȓȐȚ ȒȈșȈȓșȧ ȓȉȖȔ Ȑ
ȚȈȒ ȚȍȗȓȖ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ ȔȖȍȑ Ȑ ȕȈȒȐȗȈȓȐ șȓȍȏȣ ȇ
ȊȍȘȐȓ Ȑ ȎȐȓ
ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȉȖȧȏȓȐȊȖ Ȗȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ǰ ȚțȚ
ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȒȖșȕțȓȖșȤ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȧ ȗȘȖȏȘȍȊȈȚȤ
ǰ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ șȈȔȖȔț șȍȉȍ ȎȘȍȞȣ ȖȉȔȈȕȣȊȈȦȚ ȕȈȘȖȌ Ȑ
ȐȌȖȓ ȚȖȚ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȑ Ȉ ȕȍ ȉȖȋ ǰșȗțȋȈȓșȧ ȧ șȊȖȍȑ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȑ
ȝȖȚȍȓ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ Ȓ șȚȈȘȖȑ ȕȈȐȊȕȖȑ ȊȍȘȍ Ȓ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȓȐ-
ȚȈȔ ȖȝȓȈȌȐȊȠȐȔ ȔȖȍ ȊȖșȗȈȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ Ȓ șȓȍȏȈȔ țȔȐȓȍ-
ȕȐȧ Ȓ ȔȐȘț ȌțȠȐ ǵȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ
ǰ șȔȍȓȍȍ șȚȈȓ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ǰ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȓȖȎȤ
Ȑ ȖȉȔȈȕ ǶȉȔȈȕ ȥȚȐ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȘȐȏȣ ȥȚȐ Ȓȓțȉȣ ȎȍȘȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ȌȣȔȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ Ȑ ȉȍȏȌțȠȕȣȑ ȔȘȈȔȖȘ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȈ Ƕȉ-
ȔȈȕ ȗȖȘȜȐȘȈ Ȑ ȊȐșșȖȕ ǶȉȔȈȕ ȒȘȈșȖȚȈ ȌȍȊ ȗȘȐȕȍșȠȐȝ ȞȊȍ-
Țȣ Ȍȓȧ ȉȘȈȟȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȘȧȌȈ Ȓ ȗȖȌȕȖȎȐȦ ȐȌȖȓȈ ǶȉȔȈȕ Ȑ ȊȏȖ-
Șȣ ȒȈȏȈȊȠȐȍșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȔȐ ȊȏȧȚȣȔȐ ș șȐȕȍȋȖ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȋȈ ȊȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȉȈ Ǫșȍ ȖȉȔȈȕ Ȑ ȓȖȎȤ
ǰ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȕȈ țșȚțȗȈȝ ȔȖȐȝ ȏȈȏȔȍȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȈȧ

țȓȣȉȒȈ Ȑ ȝȘȐȗȓȣȑ ȖȚ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȋȖȓȖș ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș șȓȖȊȖ ȖșțȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȖȚȘȐȞȈȕȐȧ
Ǩ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȠȓȈ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȔȖȍȑ
ȗȘȈȊȌȍ Ȋșȍ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȊȘȈȋȈ Ȑ ȋȘțȌȤȦ ȖȚ-
șȚȈȐȊȈȓȐ șȊȖȦ ȕȍȗȘȈȊȌț șȊȖȑ ȖȉȔȈȕ
ǰ ȖȗȖȓȟȐȓșȧ ȧ Ȑ ȊȣȏȊȈȓ ȕȈ ȉȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǰ șȚȈȓ ȋȓțȔȐȚȤ-
șȧ Ȑ ȘȈȏȘțȠȈȚȤ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ ȗȖȉȍȌȍ șȊȖȍȑ dzȐȒȖȊȈȓ ȗȘȐ
ȋȘȖȔȍ Ȑ ȚȘȍșȒȍ ȗȈȌȈȦȡȐȝ ȏȌȈȕȐȑ Ȑ ȖȋȓȈȠȈȓ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȗȖȉȍȌ-
ȕȣȔ ȒȘȐȒȖȔ ȗȘȐ ȏȈȘȍȊȍ ȗȖȎȈȘȈ ȇ ȓȐȒȖȊȈȓ Ȑ ȎȐȓ ȉȖȘȤȉȖȦ
ǵȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȑ ȧ ȘȈȏȘțȠȐȓ ȔȖȑ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȝȘȈȔ ȝȘȈȔ
ȔȖȍȑ ȌțȠȐ Ȑ ȊȖȚ ȎȈȓȍȦ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȍ Ȑ
ȋȖȚȖȊ ȔȖȓȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ șȊȧȚȣȕȦ
Ƕ ȗȘȐȦȚȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ƕ ȌȈȑ Ȕȕȍ ȎȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȚȍȕȤ ȌȈȑ
șȒȘȣȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȗȈȓȧȡȐȝ ȓțȟȍȑ Ǻȣ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈ ȌȈȑ Ȕȕȍ
șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ Țȍȉȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ Ȋșȍȝ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȖȊ
ȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȔȕȖȦ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ǻȣ ȊȍȌȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȌȕȈ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ
Ǫșȍ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȖ Ƕ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ țȠȍȓ ȧ ȗȖȌ șȍȕȤ șȚȈ-
ȘȖȋȖ ȝȘȈȔȈ ȒȈȒ ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȓȧȓ ȉȣ ȍȋȖ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ ȗȓȐȚȣ ȒȈȒ
ȉȣ ȔȖȓȐȓșȧ
— ǹȌȈȑșȧ șȌȈȑșȧ ǪȍȘȕȐșȤ ǷȖȉȍȌȐ șȈȔȖȋȖ șȍȉȧ ǷȖȊȍȘȤ.
ǷȘȐȔȐȘȐșȤ ș ȎȐȏȕȤȦ Ȑ ȝȘȈȔ ȊȖȏȘȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȑȏ ȖȉȓȈȒȖȊ
ǷȖȏȌȕȖ ȇ șȐȎț ț ȗȖȌȕȖȎȐȧ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ ȖȉȕȐ-
ȔȈȦ ȍȍ Ȑ ȚȘȍȗȍȡț Ȋ șȚȘȈȝȍ ȟȚȖ ȉțȘȧ Ȑ ȋȘȖȏȈ ȘȈȏȖȉȤȦȚ ȥȚȖȚ
ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȔȖȑ ȐȌȖȓ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖ șȚȖȧȡȐȑ șȘȍȌȐ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕ
ȔțșȖȘȈ Ȑ ȋȘȧȏȐ — ȚȘȖȜȍȍȊ ȔȖȍȑ ȗȖȉȍȌȣ ȕȈȌ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ

147
Ǯ ǸȡȝȞȖț
C ȍ ǿǼǹǼǺǶǻ
Ǩ ǰ DzțȗȘȐȕ Ȑ ȘțșșȒȐȍ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȐ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȍȚșȧ ȋȖȌȖȊȡȐȕȈ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȚȈȓȈȕȚ-
ȓȐȊȖȋȖ ȋȈȏȍȚȟȐȒȈ Ȑ ȜȍȓȤȍȚȖȕȐșȚȈ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȒȈ «ǩȐȘȎȍ-
Ȋȣȝ ȊȍȌȖȔȖșȚȍȑ» ǹȍȘȋȍȧ ǹȖȓȖȔȐȕȈ DzȕȐȎȒȈ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ ȐȏȌȈȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȗȖșȓȍ ȍȋȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȌȈȊȕȖ țșȗȍȓȈ ȘȈȏȖȑȚȐșȤ Ǫ șȒȖȘȖȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ ȍȍ ȊȚȖȘȖȍ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȕȖȊȣȑ șȉȖȘȕȐȒ șȖȉȘȈȊȠȐȑ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ-
șȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ ȅȚȖȑ ȒȕȐȋȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖșȣȓȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȍȌȐșȓȖȊȐȍ Ǩ ǰ
DzțȗȘȐȕȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȕȖȍ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȏȍ ȗȖ ȖȞȍȕȒȍ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤșȒȖȋȖ
Ȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȓȐȒȈ ǹ ȇ ǹȖȓȖȔȐȕȈ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐ-
Țȍȓȧ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖȑ ȉȖȋȍȔȣ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ ȗȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȕȖȔț
ȖȉȡȍȔț ȊȏȋȓȧȌț ȚȈȓȈȕȚȓȐȊȖȋȖ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ «ǷȖȍȌȐȕȒȈ» Ȑ «ȇȔȣ» ȕȈ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ǷȘȐȊȖȌȐȔ ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ ȥȚȐ șȚȘȖ-
ȒȐ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȉȍȓȓȍȚȘȐșȚȈ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȍ țȟȈșȚȐ Ȕȍȕȍȍ
țȌȈȟȓȐȊȖȋȖ șȖȉȘȈȚȈ
ǻ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȑ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȗțȉȓȐȒȐ șȓȈȉȖȍ Ȑ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ
ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȐȊȖȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȗ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧȝ
ǹ ȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȕȣ ȋȖȘȌȐȔșȧ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȖȑ
ȟȚȐȔ Ȑ ȔțȟȈȍȔ șȊȖȐȔ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍȔ ȍȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȍȑ Ȉ ș
ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȕȈȔ șȚȈȊȧȚ ȟțȚȤ ȓȐ ȕȍ Ȋ ȒȘȖȊȕțȦ ȖȉȐȌț ȍș-
ȓȐ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ țȔȐȘȈȍȚ ȕȍ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȌȈȒȍ ȐȓȐ ȕȍ Ȋ ȉȍșȗȓȈȚȕȖȑ
ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞȍ ǸȈȏȊȍ ȕȍ țȒȖȘȧȓȐ Ȕȣ ǺȖȓșȚȖȋȖ ȍȋȖ țșȈȌȤȉȖȑ ǵȍ-
ȒȘȈșȖȊȈ — ȒȈȘȚȈȔȐ ǷțȠȒȐȕȈ — ȒȈȔȍȘ-ȦȕȒȍȘșȚȊȖȔ ǫȖȕȟȈ-
ȘȖȊȈ — ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȟȍșȚȊȖȔ ǿȍȝȖȊȈ — ȌȈȟȍȑ Ȋ ȇȓȚȍ ǨȕȌȘȍȍȊȈ
— ȔȖȚȖȘȕȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȖȑ ǬȖȘȖȠȍȊȐȟȈ — ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȍȔ ǩțȕȐȕȈ —
ȈȒȈȌȍȔȐȍȑ"
ǵȖ ȕȈȌȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȗȘȈȊȌț Ȋșȍ — ȖȚ țȌȈȟȐ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȞȍȊ Ȑȏ-
ȉȘȈȕȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȖ ȘȖȌț Ȑ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔț ȚȈȓȈȕȚț Ǫ ȋȘȖȔȈȌ-
ȕȖȔ Ȏȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȍ ȕȈȠ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȊȓȈȟȐȓ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȍȚ
ȊȓȈȟȐȚȤ ȏȣȉȒȖȍ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȏȓȖșȟȈșȚȕȖȑ ȘțșșȒȖȑ
ȉȖȋȍȔȣ ǯȌȍșȤ Ȑ ȕȍȖȉȍșȗȍȟȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȕȍțȔȍȕȤȍ ȕȈ-

ȓȈȎȐȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȐȏȕțȘȧȦȡȈȧ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȈȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȘȈ-
ȌȐ ȒțșȒȈ ȝȓȍȉȈ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȐȍ Ȓ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȠȕȍȔț ȌȕȦ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȍ
ȋȖșȚȍȗȘȐȐȔșȚȊȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȤȉȍ Ȑ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȖȍ ȌȘțȋȖȍ
ǺȐȗȐȟȕȣȔ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȍȔ ȥȚȖȑ ȉȖȋȍȔȣ ȉȣȓ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ
ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ șȊȖȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȑ ǹ ǹȖȓȖȔȐȕ ǹȍȘȋȍȑ ȇȒȖȊ-
ȓȍȊȐȟ ǹȚȍȟȤȒȐȕ

ȅȚȖȚ ȝȔțȘȣȑ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ șțȚțȓȖȊȈȚȣȑ ȘȣȎȍȒțȌȘȣȑ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȖȕȐȒȠȍȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ș ȔȘȈȟȕȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ Ȑș-
ȗȖȌȓȖȉȤȧ, ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓșȧ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȚȘțȌȖșȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤȦ
ȉȣȓ ȞȍȕȐȔ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȧȔȐ ȋȈȏȍȚ ȓȦȉȐȔ ȗțȉȓȐȒȖȑ Ȑ șȒȖȕ-
ȟȈȓșȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȣȔ ȉȍȌȕȧȒȖȔ Ƕȕ ȗȐșȈȓ ȏȓȖȉȖȌȕȍȊȕȣȍ Ȝȍ-
ȓȤȍȚȖȕȣ ȗȍȘȍȌȖȊȣȍ șȚȈȚȤȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ ȘȖȔȈȕȣ ȌȈȎȍ șȗȍ-
ȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȧ ȗȖ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ Ǫ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐȓȍȚȕȍȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȍȋȖ ȊȓȈșȚȕȖ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȖ Ȓ
ȕȈțȟȕȖ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ Ȑ Ȗȕ ș ȥȕȍȘȋȐȍȑ Ȑ ȕȈșȓȈȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȚȌȈȓșȧ ȥȚȖȔț ȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȦ
ǷȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȍȔȈȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȦ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȒȕȐȋȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋșȧ șȖ-
șȚȖȐȚ Ȑȏ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȎȈȕȘȈ ǵȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ
ȖȚȗȍȟȈȚȈȓȖșȤ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ ǫ Ǯ ǻȥȓȤșȈ ȕȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ
ȗȖȌȟȐȕȐȚȤșȧ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȦ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ țȔȈ Ȑ ȚȈȓȈȕȚȈ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ
ȘȈȉșȒȐ ȗȖȌȘȈȎȈȚȤ ȍȔț
ǷȖȊșȦȌț — Ȋ ȎȐȊȖȗȐșȐ ȔțȏȣȒȍ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȍ Ȋ șȞȍȕȐȟȍ-
șȒȖȔ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍ — Ȕȣ ȊȐȌȐȔ ȟȚȖ țȟȍȕȐȒ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȐȌȍȚ ȗȖ șȓȍȌȈȔ țȟȐȚȍȓȧ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚ șȈȔȖȋȖ șȍȉȧ
ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȘȖȍȚ șȊȖȍȑ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȚȘȖȗȐȕȒȐ ȗȖ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖȑȌȍȚ ȖȌȐȕ
ǶȟȍȕȤ ȎȈȓȤ ȟȚȖ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȉȍȏȎȈȓȖșȚȕȖ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȕȈ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȌȘțȋȈ Ǫ ȍȋȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ ȘȖȔȈȕȈȝ «ǷȖȌ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȔ
ȒȖȓȗȈȒȖȔ», «ǵȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȍ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ ǶșȒȈȘȈ ǬȈȑȉȕȈ Ȑ
DzȖȕȌȘȈȚȐȧ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȖȊȈ» Ȋ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȣȝ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȝ «ǶșȊȖȉȖȎ-
Ȍȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȊȍȘȐ», «ǯȈȊȚȘȈ», «ǿȍȘȚȖȊ ȒțȏȕȍȞ» ȕȘȏȉ! Ȑ ȍȡȍ
ȔȕȖȋȖ ȌȘțȋȐȝ — ȧșȕȖ șȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ țȔ țȟȍȕȖșȚȤ
ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȍ ȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȠȐȘȖȒȈȧ ȥȘț-
ȌȐȞȐȧ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍȘțșșȒȈȧ țȊȓȍȒȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ șȦȎȍȚȈ

149
ǰ ǾȓȑȖțȖț
ȀǶȃǶǷ ǽǶǿǮȀdzǹȊ
ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȥȚȖȚ ȚȐȝȐȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȋ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȣȑ
ȓȈȋȍȘȤ ȕȍ Ȋ ȋȖȌȣ ȖșȖȉȖȑ ȗȘȐȕȐȎȍȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȕȕȖșȚȐ
ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚȐȒȐ
ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ șȚȘȖȒȐ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ șȊȍȚ Ȋ Țȍ ȌȕȐ, ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȒȘȐȚȐȒȖȑ Ȑ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖȔ ȚȈȒ ȡȍȌȘȖ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȟȍȚȕȣȍ ȖȘ-
ȌȍȕȈ Ȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȒȈȎȌȖȔț ȊȣșȚțȗȈȊȠȍȔț ȕȈ ȗȖȓȍ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘ-
ȕȖȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ
ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȐȔȧ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȎȋȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȗȍȟȈȚȐ Ȋ Țȍ ȒȘȐȒȓȐȊȣȍ
ȠțȔȕȣȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȈȊȚȖȘ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȊȠȐșȤ ȖȚ ȓȐȚȍ-
ȘȈȚțȘȕȣȝ ȗȍȓȍȕȖȒ țȎȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȗȘȖșȓȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐ-
ȚȖșȚȤȦ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȈȎȍ ȉȍșșȊȧȏȕȣȑ ȉȍȓȓȍȚȘȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȓȍȗȍȚ
ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȐ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȐȝ Ȉ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȠȈȋ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ ȗȘȍ-
ȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȘȐțȔȜȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ȊȖ ȋȓȈȊȍ ș ȋȈȏȍȚȕȣȔȐ
ȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȐȑȔȍȑșȚȍȘȈȔȐ ȐȕȚȍȘȊȤȦȍȘȈȔȐ țșȓțȎȓȐȊȣȔȐ ȒȘȐ-
ȚȐȒȈȔȐ ȒȘțȎȒȖȊȣȔȐ ȌȍȔȈȋȖȋȈȔȐ Ȑ șȓȈȊȖșȓȖȊȧȡȐȔ ȝȖȘȖȔ
ȓȍȒȚȖȘȖȊ
ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ șȊȖȑ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȠȈȋ ǹȖȓȖȔȐȕ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȕȍ Ȋ ȌȍȊȧȚȐ-
șȖȚȣȝ ȋȖȌȈȝ Ȉ ȕȈ ȗȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȗȖȏȎȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȚȖȟȕȖ șȒȈȏȖȟȕȖȋȖ
ȞȈȘȍȊȐȟȈ ǫȊȐȌȖȕȈ ȉțȘȕȣȍ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȊȣȉȘȈșȣ-
ȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȣȑ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍ-
șȒȐȝ ȗȘȐȕȞȍȊ ȗȍȘȈ
ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȋ ȥȚȖ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȍ Ȍȓȧ ȕȣȕȍȠȕȐȝ ȈȊȚȖȘȖȊ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ǹȍȘȋȍȑ ǹȖȓȖȔȐȕ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ țȎȍ șȋȖȘȉȓȍȕ șȓȖȔȈȕ Ȑ șȔȧȚ ȋȖȓȖȌ-
ȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȚȖșȒȓȐȊȣȔȐ ȌȕȧȔȐ țȉȐȊȠȐȔȐ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȚȐȝȐȝ ȚȘț-
ȎȍȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȍȘȈ — ȚȖ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ Ȋ ǵȖȊȖȑ ǬȍȘȍȊȕȍ ȏȈș-
ȚȈȊȐȓȈ ȉȣ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȚȤ Ȑ ȖȒțȚȈȚȤ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȦ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȕȍ ȌȊțȝ-
ȚȘȍȝ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȝ ȌȘțȏȍȑ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȋȖ șȕȍșȠȐȝ Ȋ ȔȖȋȐȓț ȍȋȖ ȋȘȖȉ Ȉ
ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȤșȒȖȑ ȚȖȓȗȣ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȦȉȐȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȕȍ țȊȓȍȒȈȚȤșȧ ȍȋȖ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȖȔ
— ȊȍȌȤ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȟȈșȚȖ ȚȈȒ șȊȍȎȖ Ȑ
ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ȕȈ Țȍ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ Ȍȕȧ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȓȍȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ
ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȐ ȖȉȐȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȉȘȈșȣȊȈȦȚ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȍȑ-ȗțȉȓȐȞȐșȚȖȊ

ǵȍȌȍȓȐ ȏȈ ȌȊȍ ȌȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓșȧ șȖȉȘȈȚȤ șȊȖȐ
ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ȑ șȚȈȚȤȐ Ȑ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȚȤ Ȑȝ ȖȚȌȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȒȕȐȎȒȈȔȐ, — ȚȖȋȌȈ ȉȣ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȧșȕȖ Ȑ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȍȕȕȖ Ȗȉ-
ȘȐșȖȊȣȊȈȓȖșȤ ȍȋȖ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚȐȒȍ ȏȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ
ȋȖȌȣ
ǵȖ ȕȍțȌȈȟȕȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓȈșȤ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ Ȑ
ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȍȍ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȖȉȘȣȊȒȖȊ ȉțȔȈȋȐ șȘȍ-
ȌȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈȑȌȍȕȈ șȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ ȗȘȍȌșȔȍȘȚȕȈȧ ȐșȗȖȊȍȌȤ
ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ
Ǫ ȕȍȑ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȘȖȟȐȔ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖșȐȚ ȐȏȌȈȚȤ ȗȖșȓȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ șȊȖȐ
ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧ ǵȖ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȑ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ-
șȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȐșȗȖȊȍȌȐ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ ȕȈȗȐșȈȚȤ
DzȈȒ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ Ȑ ȊȈȎȕȖȋȖ Ȍȓȧ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȖșȤ ȉȣ
ȕȈ ȥȚȐȝ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȈȝ
ǴȕȖȋȐȍ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ǹȖȓȖȔȐȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȓȐȏȖȒ Ȓ ǫȈȗȖȕț ȗȖ-
ȔȖȋȈȓ ȍȔț șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȚȤ ȊȖȏȏȊȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȖȌșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȥȚȖȔț ȌȖ
șȐȝ ȗȖȘ Ȍȓȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖȔț șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒț ȔȈȕȐȜȍșȚȣ
«ǩȘȈȚȤȧ șȗȈȧȕȕȣȍ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ» Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ
ǯȈ ȚȘȐ Ȍȕȧ ȌȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȔȕȖȦ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȖ ȖȚ ǹȖȓȖȔȐ-
ȕȈ ȗȐșȤȔȖ
— ȇ ȕȈȗȐȠț Ȍȓȧ «ǨȘȋțșȈ» ȘȈșșȒȈȏ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȎȐȓ Ȑ țȔȍȘ
ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȐȋȍȕȚ
ǵȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ȏȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ǵȍ ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ
ȕȈȗȐșȈȓȐ ǷȘȖȌȖȓȎȍȕȐȍ șȓȍȌțȍȚ

151
Ǽǯ ǮǰȀǼǾdz
ǹȍȘȋȍȑ ȇȒȖȊȓȍȊȐȟ ǹȖȓȖȔȐȕ ǹȚȍȟȒȐȕ ǹȚȍȟȤȒȐȕ
 ȘȖȌȐȓșȧ
 ȐȦȓȧ 864 ȋ Ȋ șȍȔȤȍ ȗȖȚȖȔșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȌȊȖȘȧȕȐȕȈ ȇ ǵ ǹȚȍȟ-
ȒȐȕȈ Ȋ ȘȖȌȖȊȖȔ ȐȔȍȕȐȐ ǷȓțȚȕȍȊȖ ȊȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ ȗȘȖȐȋȘȈȕȕȖȔ
ȖȚȞȖȔ Ȋ ȒȈȘȚȣ ǩȘȈȚ ȒȖȕșȍȘȊȈȚȐȊȕȖȋȖ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚȈ Ȑ ȒȘȐȚȐȒȈ
ǵ ȇ ǹȚȍȟȤȒȐȕȈ ȌȊȖȦȘȖȌȕȣȑ ȉȘȈȚ ȈȊȐȈȒȖȕșȚȘțȒȚȖȘȈ ǵ ǭ Ǯț-
ȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ
ǻȟȐȓșȧ Ȋ ǺțȓȤșȒȖȑ ȒȓȈșșȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȐ ȌȖ 
 ȏȈȚȍȔ
Ȋ -ȑ ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȖȑ ȒȓȈșșȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȐ ȌȖ 
. ǭȡȍ Ȋ ȋȐȔȕȈ-
ȏȐȐ țȊȓȍȒșȧ ȟȚȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȍȓȍȋȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȣ ǰȏ-ȏȈ ȕȍțșȗȍȝȖȊ Ȋ
țȟȨȉȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȌȖȗțȡȍȕ Ȓ ȊȣȗțșȒȕȣȔ ȥȒȏȈȔȍȕȈȔ șȌȈȓ ȥȒȏȈȔȍȕȣ
ȥȒșȚȍȘȕȖȔ Ȋ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖȔ țȟȐȓȐȡȍ
Ǫ  ȋȖȌț ȗȖșȚțȗȐȓ Ȋ ǷȍȚȘȖȊșȒțȦ ȏȍȔȓȍȌȍȓȤȟȍșȒțȦ Ȑ ȓȍș-
ȕțȦ ȈȒȈȌȍȔȐȦ Ǫ ȌȍȒȈȉȘȍ  ȋȖȌȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓ ȕȍțȌȈȟȕțȦ ȗȖ-
ȗȣȚȒț șȈȔȖțȉȐȑșȚȊȈ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȓȍȟȐȓșȧ Ǫ ȈȒȈȌȍȔȐȐ ȊșȚțȗȐȓ Ȋ ȕȈ-
ȘȖȌȖȊȖȓȤȟȍșȒȐȑ ȒȘțȎȖȒ țȟȈșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ȗȖȌȗȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖ-
șȚȐ Ǫ  ȋȖȌț ȎȍȕȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȜȍȓȤȌȠȍȘȐȞȍ ȏȍȔșȒȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞȣ
Ǵ ǭ ǷȈȕȖȊȖȑ ǹȗȖșȖȉșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȊȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȦ Ȋ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕțȦ șȘȍ-
Ȍț ȗȘȖȊȖȒȈȚȖȘȈ Ȑ ȉțȌțȡȍȋȖ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖȋȖ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȧ ȖȝȘȈȕȒȐ ǹ Ǫ
ǯțȉȈȚȖȋȖ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȖțȟȍȕȐȒȈ ȗȖ ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȖȑ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȐ Ǫ  ȋ
ȉȣȓ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȕ ȗȖ ȌȖȕȖșț ǯțȉȈȚȖȊȈ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕ Ȑȏ ȈȒȈȌȍȔȐȐ Ȑ Ȋ
ȐȦȓȍ  ȋȖȌȈ ȊȣșȓȈȕ ș ȎȍȕȖȑ ȕȈ ȗȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ Ȋ ǽȖȓȔȖȋȖȘȣ ǨȘ-

152
ȝȈȕȋȍȓȤșȒȖȑ ȋțȉȍȘȕȐȐ Ǫ  ȋȖȌț ȌȊȈȎȌȣ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓșȧ ș ȗȘȖ-
ȠȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȗ ȗȖȔȐȓȖȊȈȕȐȐ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȖȚȉȣȚȤ ȖșȚȈȊ-
ȠȐȑșȧ șȘȖȒ Ȋ ǺțȓȤșȒȖȑ ȋțȉȍȘȕȐȐ ǷȖșȍȓȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ ǺȘțȜȈ-
ȕȖȊȖ ǺțȓȤșȒȖȑ ȋțȉ., ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓșȧ șȍȓȤșȒȐȔ ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȖȔ Ǫ  ȋ
ȉȣȓ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕ ȖȚ ȋȓȈșȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȌȏȖȘȈ
Ǫ  ȋ. ȗȖșȚțȗȐȓ ȒȈȕȞȍȓȧȘȐșȚȖȔ Ȋ ǺțȓȤșȒțȦ ȒȈȏȍȕȕțȦ ȗȈ-
ȓȈȚț ȕȈȟȈȓ șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȟȈȚȤ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ Ȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓȈȝ ǷȘȖȎȐ-
ȊȈȧ Ȋ ǶȌȍșșȍ 
 ȗȖȔȍȡȈȓ șȚȈȚȤȐ Ȋ ©ȆȎȕȖȔ ȖȉȖȏȘȍȕȐȐª
ȏȈȚȍȔ ȕȈȟȈȓ șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȟȈȚȤ Ȋ șȚȖȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ ǷȐșȈȓ șȚȈȚȤȐ
ȖȟȍȘȒȐ Ȑ ȜȍȓȤȍȚȖȕȣ Ȋ ©ǵȖȊȖșȚȧȝª ©ǵȍȌȍȓȍª ©ǩȐȘȎȍȊȣȝ ȊȍȌȖ-
ȔȖșȚȧȝª Ȑ ȌȘ. ǷȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȧ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȗțȉȓȐȞȐșȚ Ȋ  ȋ
ȗȖșȍȓȐȓșȧ Ȋ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȍ ȕȈ ǫȖȘȖȝȖȊȖȑ țȓȐȞȍ ǹ  ȋ. ȗȖșȚȖȧȕ-
ȕȣȑ șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȒ ©ǩȐȘȎȍȊȣȝ ȊȍȌȖȔȖșȚȍȑª Ǫ - ȋȋ ȎȐȓ Ȋ
ǵȐȎȕȍȔ ǵȖȊȋȖȘȖȌȍ
ǹ șȍȕȚȧȉȘȧ  ȋ. șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȟȈȓ Ȋ ©ǸțșșȒȖȑ ȋȈȏȍȚȍª ȋȌȍ ȗȐ-
șȈȓ ȗȖȌ ȗșȍȊȌȖȕȐȔȖȔ ǵ ǹȚȘȖȍȊ șȚȈȚȤȐ ȗȖ ȘȈȉȖȟȍȔț ȊȖȗȘȖșț
ǹȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ șȖ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒȖȔ ǫ ǫȈȗȖȕȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȗȖȔȖȋȈȓ Ȋ
ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȐȐ ȟȍȘȕȖȊȐȒȈ ǸȈȉȖȟȍȑ ȗȍȚȐȞȐȐ Ȑ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȘȍȊȖȓȦ-
ȞȐȖȕȕȣȝ ȊȖȏȏȊȈȕȐȑ ǷȖșȓȍ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ  ȧȕȊȈȘȧ  ȋ. ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐȊ-
ȓȍȟȍȕ Ȓ ȌȖȏȕȈȕȐȦ Ȑ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȈȓșȧ ȌȖȗȘȖșȈȔ
Ǫ  ȋ ȗȖȌ ȗșȍȊȌȖȕȐȔȖȔ ǵ ǹȚȘȖȍȊ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓ ȌȊȈ ȕȍȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȐȝ ȚȖȔȐȒȈ șȚȈȚȍȑ ©ǰșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚª Ǫ  ȋ Ȋȣȗțș-
ȚȐȓ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȖȔȍȘ ȎțȘȕȈȓȈ ©ǷȍȘȍȎȐȚȖȍª ȋȌȍ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȍ-
ȟȈȚȈȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȈȊȚȖȉȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȦ ǸȈȏȖȑȌȧșȤ ș ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȎȍȕȖȑ ȎȍȕȐȓ-
șȧ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒȐȔ ȉȘȈȒȖȔ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȐșȚȒȍ ǵ Ǩ ǩȍȓȓȐȕ-
ȋȍȘ Ǫ  ȋ ȉȣȓ șȖșȓȈȕ ȏȈ ǻȘȈȓ
Ǫ - ȋȋ ȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ Ȋ ȎțȘȕ ©ǨȘ-
ȋțșª ©ǹȐȕȐȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓª ©ǪșȍȔȐȘȕȈȧ ȗȈȕȖȘȈȔȈª ©ǪȖȓȕȣª ©ǮȐȏȕȤ
Ȑ șțȌª Ȑ ȌȘ ǽȖȚȧ Ȋ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȍ ȟȈșȚȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȦȚșȧ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȐ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȐȚȤ ǹ ǹȚȍȟȒȐȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ ȞȍȓȐȒȖȔ ȗȖșȊȧȚȐȊȠȍȋȖ șȊȖȍ
ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȖ ȕȈțȟȕȖȑ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȍ Ȑȝ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤ șȖșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȔȐ — Ȋ ȟȐșȓȍ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ ȔȕȖȋȖ ©ȗȘȖșȚȖª ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐ-
ȒȐ țȋȖȓȖȊȕȣȝ Ȑ ȌȍȚȍȒȚȐȊȕȣȝ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȝ ȥȚȦȌȖȊ ȕȈ
ȚȍȔȣ ȊȏȈȐȔȖȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȑ ȔțȎȟȐȕ Ȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ Ȑ Ț ȗ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ Ȑȏ șșȣȓȒȐ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȉȖȓȍȓ Ȑ ȘȈȉȖ-
ȚȈȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȘȣȊȒȈȔȐ ǻșȗȍȓ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤ Ȓ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȦ șȉȖȘȕȐȒ
șȊȖȐȝ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ ©ǸȈȏȘțȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȚȍȘȍȔȈª ȊȣȠȍȌȠȐȑ Ȋ  ȋ.
ȌȖȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȖȍ ȐȏȌ Ȋ 

ǪȣșȚțȗȈȓ Ȋ ȗȍȟȈȚȐ ȗȖȌ ȗșȍȊȌȖȕȐȔȈȔȐ ǵ ǹȚȘȖȍȊ ǹ ǹțȝȖ-
ȌȖȓȤșȒȐȑ ǴȍȘȓȐȕ ǪȍȘ ǫțȓȓȐȊȍȘ Ȑ ȖșȕȖȊȕȣȔ — ǹ ǹȖȓȖȔȐȕ
ǹȒȖȕȟȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ȒȈȚȈȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȊȖșȗȈȓȍȕȐȧ ȓȍȋȒȐȝ Ȋ ȐȦȕȍ  ȋ. Ȋ

ǵȖȊȖȑ ǬȍȘȍȊȕȍ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋșȒȖȑ ȋțȉ ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȐȏȌȈȕȣ ȗȖșȔȍȘȚȕȖ Ȋ - ȋȋ
ǹȣȕ ǹ ǹȖȓȖȔȐȕȈ-ǹȚȍȟȒȐȕȈ ǩ ǹ ǹȚȍȟȒȐȕ șȚȈȓ șȖȊȍȚșȒȐȔ
țȟȍȕȣȔ ȈȒȈȌȍȔȐȒȖȔ șȖȏȌȈȚȍȓȍȔ ȚȍȖȘȐȐ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖ-ȘȈȒȍȚȕȣȝ
ȌȊȐȋȈȚȍȓȍȑ, ȊȕțȒ ǹ ǩ ǹȚȍȟȒȐȕ — ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȔ ȔȈȚȍȔȈȚȐȒȖȔ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȑ ȊȕțȒ ǰ ȇ ǹȚȍȟȒȐȕ — ȒȖȕșȚȘțȒȚȖȘȖȔ șȚȘȍȓȒȖȊȖȋȖ ȖȘțȎȐȧ
șȖȏȌȈȚȍȓȍȔ ȗȐșȚȖȓȍȚȈ ǹȚȍȟȒȐȕȈ

154
ǷǸǰǴǭǿǨǵǰȇ
Ǫșȍ ȊȒȓȦȟȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȗțȉȓȐȒțȦȚ-
șȧ ȗȖ ȖȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȐȎȍ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȈȔ ș ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȈȐȉȖ-
ȓȍȍ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȣȝ ȖȗȍȟȈȚȖȒ; ȖȘȜȖȋȘȈȜȐȧ Ȑ ȗțȕȒȚțȈȞȐȧ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȍȕȣ
Ȓ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȖȘȔȈȔ
ǹȖȒȘȈȡȍȕȐȍȔ ǸǺ- ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȍȕ ȈȊȚȖȘșȒȐȑ șȉȖȘȕȐȒ ©ǸȈȏȘț-
Ƞȍȕȕȣȍ ȚȍȘȍȔȈ ȅȗȐȏȖȌȣ Ȑȏ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȔȍȎȌț ȔțȎȟȐȕȈȔȐ
Ȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈȔȐª ǹǷȉ 
 ǸǺ-1914 — ȌȖȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȖȍ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȚȖ-
ȋȖ Ȏȍ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȈ ǹǷȉ [1914]).
Ǫșȍ ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȈȞȐȐ ȊȏȧȚȣ Ȑȏ ȗȍȘȊȖȐȏȌȈȕȐȑ ǷȖȌșȚȘȈȕȐȟȕȣȍ
ȗȘȐȔȍȟȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȚ șȖșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȦ
ǴȍȘȚȊȣȑ ȔțȎ // ǸǺ-1913.
ǻȉȐȑȞȈ // ǪȖȓȕȣ  ȹ ; ǸǺ-1913.
ǬȖȒȚȖȘ-ȌȤȧȊȖȓ // ǪșȍȔȐȘȕȈȧ ȗȈȕȖȘȈȔȈ  ȹ 3 (144).
ǸȖȒȖȊȈȧ șȚȘȈșȚȤ / ǪȖȓȕȣ  ȹ 10.
ǵȈ șȒȈȓȈȝ // ǴȖȌȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ  ȹ  ș ȗȖȌȏȈȋ ©ǷȖșȔȍȘȚ-
ȕȣȑ ȗȈșȝȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏª
ǿȍȘȕȖȍ  ǹȐȕȐȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ  ȹ 
ǶșȚȘȖȊ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȒȘțȠȍȕȐȑ // ǸǺ-1914.
ǷȈȘȐȎ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ / ǪșȍȔȐȘȕȈȧ ȗȈȕȖȘȈȔȈ  ȹ 
ǹȍȔȍȑȕȖȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ // ǪșȍȔȐȘȕȈȧ ȗȈȕȖȘȈȔȈ  ȹ  ȗȖȌ
ȏȈȋȓ ©ǷȈȓȈȟª
 ǸǺ-1913. Ǫ ȎțȘȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗțȉȓ ȥȗȐȋȘȈȜ ©DzȈȏȕȤ șȖ-
ȊȍȘȠȐȓ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȊȠȐȑ Ȑȏ ǩȘȍșȓȈȊȓȧ ȗȈȓȈȟ ȏȈ ȉȈșȕȖ-
șȓȖȊȕȣȑ ȋȖȕȖȘȈȘ Ȋ  ȔȈȘȖȒ Ȗȕ ȎȐȓ Ȋ DzȍȕȐȋșȉȍȘȋȍ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȖ-
ȒȓȈșșȕȖȑ ȋȖșȚȐȕȐȞȍ Ȑ ȐȔȍȓ ȠȚȈȚ șȓțȎȈȡȐȝ Ȑȏ -ȝ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ǰȏ
ȋȈȏȍȚª
ǮȐȊȈȧ ȐȓȐ ȚȘțȗ? // ǮȐȏȕȤ Ȑ șțȌ  ȹ ; ǸǺ-1913. ǰȓȓ
Ǫ ǹȊȈȘȖȋȈ

DzȈȒ țȉȐȊȈȦȚ? // ǸǺ-1913.
ǭȋȖ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ / ǸǺ -1914.
ǬȊțȓȐȒȐȑ  ǹȐȕȐȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ  ȹ  ș ȗȖȌȏȈȋ ©ǸȈșșȒȈȏ
ǹȍȘȋȍȧ ǹȖȓȖȔȐȕȈ Ȍȓȧ ȒȖȕȒțȘșȈ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȤșȒȖȑ ȕȈȝȖȌȟȐȊȖșȚȐ Ȑ
ȖșȚȘȖțȔȐȧª ǰȓȓ Ǫ ǹȊȈȘȖȋȈ ǿȐȚȈȚȍȓȤșȒȐȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȗțȉȓȐ-
ȒȖȊȈȕȣ Ȋ ȹ 
DzȚȖ ȏȊȖȕȐȓ? / dzȍȚțȟȐȍ ȈȓȤȔȈȕȈȝȐ  Ǫȣȗ .
ǹȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȑ ȏȈȑȟȐȒ // ǪȖȓȕȣ  ȹ .
ǫȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȘȈșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ // ǮȐȏȕȤ Ȑ șțȌ  ȹ . ǰȓȓ.
Ǫ ǹȊȈȘȖȋȈ
DzȖȕȍȞ ȀȍȘȓȖȒȈ ǽȖȓȔșȈ // ǹȐȕȐȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ  ȹ .
ǰȓȓ dzȍȉȍȌȍȊȈ
ǷȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ
ǿȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ-șȚȘȈțș // ǻȘȈȓ ǭȒȈȚȍȘȐȕȉțȘȋ
   ȔȈȘȚȈ.
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȈ // ǹȍȊȍȘ  ȹ .  ȈȗȘȍȓȧ; ǸǺ-1914.
Ǩ DzțȗȘȐȕ ǹ ȇ ǹȖȓȖȔȐȕ // ǩȐȘȎȍȊȣȍ ȊȍȌȖȔȖșȚȐ  ȹ
14179,  ȔȈȧ ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ DzțȗȘȐȕ Ǩ ǰ ǷȍșȚȘȈȧ ȒȕȐȋȈ ǵȍ-
șȖȉȘȈȕȕȖȍ Ȑ ȏȈȉȣȚȖȍ ǷȍȕȏȈ 
Ǫ ǸȍȋȐȕȐȕ ǺȐȝȐȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ / ǨȘȋțș  ȹ 

ǶȋȓȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ
ǴȍȘȚȊȣȑ ȔțȎ
6
ǻȉȐȑȞȈ ǰȏ ȏȈȗȐșȖȒ ȊȘȈȟȈ
13
ǬȖȒȚȖȘ-ȌȤȧȊȖȓ
19
ǵȈ șȒȈȓȈȝ
40
ǿȍȘȕȖȍ
47
ǶșȚȘȖȊ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȒȘțȠȍȕȐȑ ǸȈșșȒȈȏ-ȏȈȋȈȌȒȈ
50
ǷȈȘȐȎ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ
57
ǹȍȔȍȑȕȖȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ
67
ǮȐȊȈȧ ȐȓȐ ȚȘțȗ" ȆȘȐȌȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȏȈȋȈȌȒȈ
73
DzȈȒ țȉȐȊȈȦȚ"
80
ǭȋȖ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ
86
ǬȊțȓȐȒȐȑ
93
DzȚȖ ȏȊȖȕȐȓ"
102
ǹȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȑ ȏȈȑȟȐȒ
110
ǫȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȘȈșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ
118
DzȖȕȍȞ ȀȍȘȓȖȒȈ ǽȖȓȔșȈ
128

ǷȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ
ǿȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ-șȚȘȈțș
139
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȈ
144
Ǩ DzțȗȘȐȕ ǹ ȇ ǹȖȓȖȔȐȕ
147
Ǫ ǸȍȋȐȕȐȕ ǺȐȝȐȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ
149
ǶȉȈȊȚȖȘȍ
151
ǷȘȐȔȍȟȈȕȐȧ
154