CȍȘȋȍȑ
ǹǶdzǶǴǰǵ
ǷǶǬ ǹǺǭDzdzȇǵǵȃǴ
DzǶdzǷǨDzǶǴ
ǰȏȉȘȈȕȕȣȍ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȧ
ǺȖȔ I
Salamandra P.V.V.

CȖȓȖȔȐȕ ǹȚȍȟȒȐȕ
 ǹ ȇ
ǷȖȌ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȔ ȒȖȓȗȈȒȖȔ. ǹȖșȚ Ȑ ȗȖȌȋ ȚȍȒșȚȈ Ǵ ǼȖ-
ȔȍȕȒȖ ǰȏȉȘȈȕȕȣȍ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȧ Ǻ I). — ǩ Ȕ: Salamandra
P.V.V., 2021. — 221 ș Ȑȓȓ — (Polaris ǷțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ȗȘȐȒ-
ȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȈ Ǫȣȗ ǹǹǹLǽXXVI).
ǵȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȓȕȣȔ ȕȈ șȍȋȖȌȕȧȠ-
ȕȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍȔ ȕȈțȟȕȖ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȌȍȚȍȒȚȐȊȕȣȝ Ȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȓȦȟȍȕȟȍșȒȐȝ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȑ ȉȍȓȓȍȚȘȐșȚȈ Ȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȈ ǹ ȇ
ǹȖȓȖȔȐȕȈ ǹȚȍȟȒȐȕȈ -1913) Ǫ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȚȖȔ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ ȊȖȠȓȐ
ȕȈțȟȕȖ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ ©ǷȖȌ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȔ ȒȖȓȗȈȒȖȔ
ǶșȕȖȊȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȋȐȉȍȓȤ ǷȖȓȧȘȕȖȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȐª Ȑ ©ǵȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȒ-
ȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ǶșȒȈȘȈ ǬȈȑȉȕȈ Ȑ DzȖȕȌȘȈȚȐȧ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȖȋȖª Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ șȊȧ-
ȏȈȕȕȣȑ ș ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȗȖȊȍșȚȤȦ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ©ǿȍȘȚȖȊ ȒțȏȕȍȞª
© M. Fomenko, șȖșȚȈȊ, ȗȖȌȋ. ȚȍȒșȚȈ ȗȘȐȔ 2021
© Salamandra P.V.V., ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȍ, 2021

ǽǼDz ǿȀdzǸǹȍǻǻȉǺ ǸǼǹǽǮǸǼǺ
ǼȟțȜȐȎțȖȓ Ȗ ȑȖȏȓșȪ ©ǽȜșȭȞțȜȗ ȖȚȝȓȞȖȖª
ȂȎțȠȎȟȠȖȥȓȟȘȎȭ ȝȜȐȓȟȠȪ

6
DZșȎȐȎ I
ǯdzǵǰȉȃǼDzǻǼdz ǽǼǹǼǴdzǻǶdz
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ șȗȈȚȤ ǫȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǶȟȕȐȚȍșȤ
dzȈȒȍȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȈ ȚȘȧș ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȖ ȝțȌȖȋȖ ȉȓȍȌ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȖȌȍȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȓȍȚ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȐ
ǫȖșȚȤ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȓ ȕȍȋȖȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ șȓțȎȈȡȍȋȖ ǷȘȐȠȍȓ
șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȊșȍȋȖ ȖȌȐȕ ȉȖȒȈȓ ȗȐȊȈ Ȉ șȐȌȐȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȈșȈ ǰȏ ȒȖ-
ȘȖȉȖȟȒȐ Ȋȣȕțȓ ȕȍȌȖȒțȘȍȕȕțȦ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșț Ȑ ȗȖȚȐȝȖȕȤȒț șȖșȈȓ
ȍȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȗȘȖȌȓȐȚȤ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȍȡȍ
ȌȘȍȔȈȚȤ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȚȧȕȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȓ șȚȖȓț
ǰ ȓȈȒȍȑ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȊȠȐȑ ȏȈ ȋȖșȚȍȔ șȚȖȧ ț ȗȘȐȚȖȓȖȒȐ ș
șȈȓȜȍȚȒȖȑ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȓȦȕțȓ ȖȚ ȕȈȒȐȗȍȊȠȍȑ ȏȓȖșȚȐ Ȑ
ȗȖȠȍȓ ȉțȌȐȚȤ
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǺȈȒ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ǭȎȍȓȐ șȗȈȚȤ — ȐȌȐȚȍ ȌȖȔȖȑ
ǫȖșȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȉȐȎȈȦȚșȧ ǫȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǰȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ ȘȈșȗȓȈ-
ȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ țȝȖȌȐȚȍ ǯȌȍșȤ ȊȈȔ ȕȍ ȕȖȟȓȍȎȒȈ
ǫȖșȚȤ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓșȧ ȔțȚȕȣȔȐ
ȊȖșȗȈȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ǶȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ țȓȣȉȈȦȡȍȍșȧ Ȑ ȏȈȐșȒȐȊȈȦȡȍȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȓȈȒȍȧ
ȗȘȐȕȧȓȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȝȈȔșȒȖȑ șțȘȖȊȖșȚȐ
— ǬȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ Ȑ ș ǩȖȋȖȔ-ș
ǷȘȖȉțȌȐȊȠȐȑșȧ ȊșȚȈȓ ȕȈȌȍȓ ȗȖȘȣȎȍȊȠțȦ ȔȧȋȒțȦ Ƞȓȧ-
ȗț Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȗȖ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈȔ
ǵȈ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȊșȍȋȖ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȒȖȗȍȑȒȐ ǷȘȖ-
Țȧȕțȓ Ȑȝ
— ǰȏȊȐȕȐȚȍ ȒȖȗȍȑȒȐ ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȈȍȚ — ȏȈȕȍșț
dzȈȒȍȑ ȏȓȖȘȈȌȕȖ țȝȔȣȓȤȕțȓșȧ
— ǵȍȚ țȎ ȟȚȖ-ș ǵȍ ȚȘțȌȐȚȍșȤ ǸȈȏȉȖȋȈȚȍȍȚȍ — ǵȐȒȖ-
ȓȈȦ ǿțȌȖȚȊȖȘȞț șȊȍȟȒț ȗȖșȚȈȊȤȚȍ Ǩ ȥȚȐ-ș ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȣ ȊȈȠȐ
ȕȈ ȉȍȌȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȐȔȐȚȍ
ǫȖșȚȤ șȚȖȧȓ ȚțȗȖ ȊȖȌȧ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȒȘțȋȖȔ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȐșȒȈȓ
ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȕȈ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȝ ȡȍȒȈȝ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓȐșȤ ȘȖȏȖȊȈȚȣȍ ȗȧȚȕȈ
ǪȣȠȍȓ ȕȍȘȖȊȕȖȑ ȗȖȝȖȌȒȖȑ ȕȈ țȓȐȞț ǹȣȘȖȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ
ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȏȈȡȐȡȍȕȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ Ȑ ȖȕȖ ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓȈșȤ

7
ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȌȘȖȎȤȦ ǯȈșȚȣȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȕȍ șȖȋȘȍȓșȧ Ȑ Ȋ
ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȍ Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȕȐȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȕȈșȒȊȖȏȤ Ȋȍ-
ȚȍȘ
DzțȌȈ ȐȌȚȐ"
ǬȖȔȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ țȎȍ ȚȘȐ Ȍȕȧ ǩȍȋȈȓ Ȋ ȗȖȐșȒȈȝ ȏȈ ȌȍȕȤȋȈȔȐ
ȕȍ șȗȈȓ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȍȓ ǬȖȔȈ ȎȌȍȚ ȎȍȕȈ ș ȘȍȉȍȕȒȖȔ
ǫȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ ǪȖșȗȈȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȖȏȋ ȘȐșțȍȚ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ țȎȈșȈ ȌȊȈ
ȚȘțȗȈ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȈȧ ȚȍȔȕȈȧ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈ
ǽȖȏȧȐȕ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ ȊȣȋȕȈȚȤ Ȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȓ șȊȖȦ
țȋȘȖȏț DzȈȒ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȎȍȕȈ ȉȘȖȌȐȚ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȈȔ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȐȔ
ǷȘȖȝȖȎȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȓȒȈȦȚ ȊȖȘȟȈ Ȑ ȕȍȋȖȌțȧ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ
ȖȉȖȘȊȈȕȍȞ ȔȍȠȈȍȚ ȐȔ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ Ȑ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ǵȈ-
ȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȈȧ ȌȍȊȐȞȈ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȗȖȌ ȍȋȖ ȐșȚȘȍȗȈȕȕțȦ Ƞȓȧ-
ȗț Ȑ ȕȈȋȓȖ ȘȈșȝȖȝȖȚȈȓȈșȤ ǫȖȘȖȌȖȊȖȑ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚț ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ
Ȑ ȊȗȍȘȐȓ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ
ǵȍȒțȌȈ ȌȍȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȍ Ȓ ȒȖȔț ȐȌȚȐ ȕȍȚ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȌȖșȚȈȚȤ
ȝȖȚȤ ȎȈȓȒȐȑ ȘțȉȓȤ ǰȌȍȚ Ȓ ȒȖȕȞț ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȉȍș-
șȖȕȕȈȧ ȕȖȟȤ ȌȖ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ țȚȘȈ șȍȘȖȋȖ țȕȣȓȖȋȖ ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ
Ȑ șȐȓ ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȐȚ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȈȔ" ǵȍ ȓțȟȠȍ ȓȐ ȗȖ-
ȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ ȘȈȏȖȔ"
ȇȊȐȓȈșȤ ȞȍȓȤ ȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȗȘȖȉȓȍșȒȐ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȐ Ȑ ȚȊȍȘȌȖȑ ȖȒ-
ȘȍȗȠȍȑ ȗȖȝȖȌȒȖȑ ȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ Ȗȕ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȔȕȖȋȖȊȖȌ-
ȕȖȑ ȘȍȒȐ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȗȖ ȋȘȈȕȐȚȕȖȑ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȎȕȖȑ șȊȍȘȕțȓ ȕȈ
ȔȖșȚ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȊȠȐșȤ ȗȖșȘȍȌȐȕȍ șȚȈȓ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȊȏȌȣ-
ȔȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȔțȚȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȊȍȘȝțȠȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȘȣȊȈȓȐ ȉțȑ-
ȕȣȍ ȗȖȘȣȊȣ ȊȍȚȘȈ ȉȘȣȏȋȈȧ șȍȘȖȊȈȚȖȑ ȗȍȕȖȑ
ǻȎȈșȕȈȧ ȉȍȏȌȕȈ ȊȓȍȒȓȈ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ǪȖȚ Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ
ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȍȘȐȓȈ ȏȈȕȍș ȕȖȋț
ǹȐȓȤȕȈȧ ȘțȒȈ șȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȏȈ ȊȖȘȖȚ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ
ǶȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȖȎȐȌȈȧ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒȐȑ ȔțȕȌȐȘ Ȑ ȋȘț-
ȉțȦ țșȈȚțȦ ȜȐȏȐȖȕȖȔȐȦ
— ȇ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ șȓȍȎț ȏȈ ȊȈȔȐ Ȑ Ȓ șȟȈșȚȤȦ ȗȖșȗȍȓ ȊȖ-
ȊȘȍȔȧ
ǫȖȊȖȘȐȊȠȐȑ ȉȣȓ ȒȘțȗȕȣȑ ȊȣșȖȒȖȋȖ ȘȖșȚȈ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ ș
ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȔ ȉȖȘȖȌȈȚȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȧșȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ.
ǫȖȓȖș ȕȐȏȒȐȑ ȏȈȌțȠȍȊȕȣȑ

8
— DzȈȒȖȍ ȊȈȔ ȌȍȓȖ" ǹȗȈșȈȚȤ ȊȏȌțȔȈȓȐ șȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ"
ǵȍ ȕțȎȌȈȦșȤ ȧ Ȋ ȊȈȠȍȔ șȖȟțȊșȚȊȐȐ ǹȓȣȠȐȚȍ ȕȍ ȕțȎȌȈȦșȤ
ǻȉȐȘȈȑȚȍșȤ Ȓ ȟȍȘȚț
ǵȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ ȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ șȐȓ ȕȈ ȥȚȐ ȐșȚȍȘȐȟȕȣȍ ȊȣȒȘȐȒȐ-
ȊȈȕȐȧ ǹȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȐȍ ȉȍșșȖȕȕȣȍ ȕȖȟȐ ȊȏȧȓȐ șȊȖȍ Ȑ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ șȖȉȐȘȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȗȘȣȋȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȘȈȏȢȧȘȍȕȕțȦ ȘȍȒț ș
ȗȧȚȐșȈȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȣșȖȚȣ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȚȕȣȑ
țșȚțȗ ȗȍȘȐȓ ȏȈȒȘȣȓ ȓȐȞȖ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȍșȤ ȏȈȚȘȧșșȧ ȖȚ ȋȓț-
ȝȐȝ șȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȔȣȝ ȘȣȌȈȕȐȑ

9
ǹȗȈșȐȚȍȓȤ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȘțȒț ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȖ
— ǻșȗȖȒȖȑȚȍșȤ ǷȖȑȌȍȔȚȍ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȒțȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȋ ȚȍȗȓȖ
ǯȈȒțșȐȔ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȔ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȌȖ ȟȍȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȑ ȌȖȚȖȓ-
ȒțȍȔșȧ
ǹȗȈșȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȐȓșȧ ȊȖȓȍ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȑ
ȊȍșȤ ȖșȓȈȉȍȊȠȐȑ ȌțȝȖȊȕȖ Ȑ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐ ȗȖȉȘȍȓ șȓȍȌȖȔ ȏȈ
ȕȐȔ
ǪȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ ȖȕȐ Ȋ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕ Ȑ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ
ȗȖ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘț ȗȘȖȗȐȚȈȕȕȖȔț ȒțȝȖȕȕȖȑ ȊȖȕȤȦ Ȋ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȑ
ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ
ǷȖȌȈȓȐ ȊȖȌȒț ȏȈȒțșȒț
ǩȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȉȖȘȖȌȈȚȣȑ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ ȕȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȗȘȈȠȐ-
ȊȈȓ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȕȞȈ ȗȖȒȈ ȚȖȚ ȕȍ ȕȈșȣȚȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȈȒțȘȐȓ ȗȈȗȐ-
ȘȖșț
— ȇ ȊȐȎț ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȔȈȓȖ ȗȤȍȚȍ DzȈȒȖȍ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ ȌȖȊȍȓȖ ȊȈș
ȌȖ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȌȖ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȗ șȈȔȖțȉȐȑșȚȊȍ"
ȇȘȒȐȑ șȊȍȚ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȓȈȔȗȖȟȍȒ ȚȍȗȓȖ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȍ
șȣȚȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȌȖȉȘȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒȈ ȊȣȏȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȤ
ǹȚȈȓ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ Ȗ șȍȉȍ ǯȕȈȒȖȔȈȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ
ȐȕȚȍȓȓȐȋȍȕȚȈ ǷȖ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȔ ȕȍ ȒȖȕȟȐȓ Ȋ
țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȍ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȑ ȒțȘș ȚȦȘȍȔ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ǮȍȕȐȓșȧ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȒȈ ǵȈ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȕȈȌȍȧȓșȧ ǵȈ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ
ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕț ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȟȕȖȑ ȕȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǰ
ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȔȍȟȚȈ ȥȚȈ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȉțȘȓȐ-
ȓȐ șțȔȈȚȖȠȓȐȊȣȍ ȌȕȐ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ǫȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȓ ȘȍȟȐ ȕȈ ȔȐȚȐȕȋȈȝ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȈȓ Ȓ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȦ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ Ȑ
ȗȘȖȒȓȧȓ ȉțȘȎțȈȏȐȦ ǷȐșȈȓ Ȋ șȈȔȖȑ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȋȈȏȍȚȍ ȗȘȖșț-
ȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȊȠȍȑ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȖȓȚȖȘȈ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ǺȈȒ Ȑ ȘȍȏȈȓ ©ȀȈȑȒȈ
ȉȈȕȌȐȚȖȊ ȐȔȍȕțȍȔȈȧ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȐșȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȔȈȧ
ȉțȘȎțȈȏȕȣȔ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔª ǷȖȚȖȔ ȕȈȟȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȈ
țșȗȖȒȖȍȕȐȧ ǹ ȕȍȋȖȌȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȍȔ țȊȐȌȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ
ȕȍ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȘȍȈȒȞȐȐ ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ Ȋșȗȣ-
ȠȒȐ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ țȎȍ ȕȈȗțȋȈȓȐ ȊșȍȔ ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ Ȓ
ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȖȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȋșȍ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȚ ȉȍȏȏȈșȚȍȕ-
ȟȐȊȖ ȗȘȈȊȍȚȤ
ǺțȚ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȊșȚȈȓȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȍȍ țȎȈșȍ ǵȍ ȔȖȋ ȚȈȒ ȓȍȋ-

ȒȖ ȗȘȐȔȐȘȐȚȤșȧ ȗȘȐșȗȖșȖȉȐȚȤșȧ ȗȖȌȌȍȓȈȚȤșȧ Ǩ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȚȘȍ-
ȉȖȊȈȓȈ șȊȖȍȋȖ ǶȚ ȋȖȓȖȌȈ ȖȚ ȊȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȈ ȏȈ ȏȈȊȚ-
ȘȈȠȕȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȎȍȕȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȖȚțȗȍȓȈ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȒȈȒȐȝ-
ȚȖ ȐȌȍȑ: ©ǷȖșȚțȗȐ ȝȖȚȤ Ȋ ȖȝȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ Ȉ ȕȈȒȖȘȔȐ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ Ȑ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ»
ǩȘȈȓșȧ ȏȈ ȚȖ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ țȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ǵȖȊȣȍ ȉȍȏ-
ȏȈșȚȍȕȟȐȊȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȗȖȊșȦȌț ȗȍȘȍȉȐȊȈȓȐ ȌȖȘȖȋț DzȘȈȑȕȐȍ
ȓȍȊȣȍ șȚȈȓȐ ȗȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȔȍȘȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȖȚȗțȋȐȊȈȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȍȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȍ Ǩ ȌȍȓȈ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ
Ȋșȍ ȝțȎȍ ǶȌȍȎȌȈ ȐșȚȘȍȗȈȓȈșȤ ȐșȝțȌȈȓ ȖșȓȈȉȍȓ ȖȚ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȌȖȊȒȐ ǵȈȟȈȓ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤ ț ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȝ ȉȍȏ ȖȚȌȈȟȐ ǵț-
ȎȌȈ Ȋșȍ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȎȈȓȈ Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȓȈ ȘȈȉșȒțȦ ȏȈȗțȋȈȕ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ǯȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ șȚȈȓȐ ȐȏȉȍȋȈȚȤ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ ǶșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ ȜȐȏȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐȑ ȚȘțȌ ǵȖ ȒȚȖ ȊȖȏȤȔȍȚ ȐșȚȖȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȘȊȕȖȋȖ ȐȕȚȍȓ-
ȓȐȋȍȕȚȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȝ ȔțșȒțȓȐșȚȣȝ ȘțȒ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ
ȎȌțȚ șȊȖȍȑ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȐ"
— Ǫȣ șȈȔȐ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ ǵȍȒțȌȈ ȐȌȚȐ ȕȍ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȌȍȧȚȤ-
șȧ ǯȈȟȍȔ Ȋȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐ" ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ șȈȔȣȑ ȓțȟȠȐȑ
șȈȔȣȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȣȑ ȊȣȝȖȌ ǩȣȓ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȉȣȓȈ ȘȍȠȐȔȖșȚȤ
ȇ ȉȖȦșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȘȈȏ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȐȚ șȐȓ ȌȈȎȍ
ȕȈ ȥȚȖ
ǩȖȘȖȌȈȚȣȑ șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȋșȍ ȚȍȔ Ȏȍ ȌȖȉȘȣȔ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
ȌȖȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ șȍȘȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ Ȑ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ șȖȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖ
ȒȐȊȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȣșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ

11
DZșȎȐȎ II
ȃǶǺǶǸ ǶǰǮǻǼǰ
— ǪȣșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȕȍȕȧ — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ-
Țȣȑ ȕȈȓȐȊȈȧ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ șȚȈȒȈȕ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȚȍȘȈ Ȑ ȏȈ-
ȒțȘȐȊȈȧ șȐȋȈȘț — ǵȖ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤșȧ
ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȒȘțȗȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȧȚȐȧ ȗȖ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȐȦ ȝȐȔȐȒ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȧ ȔȖȧ
ǩȖȘȖȌȈȚȣȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ țșȔȍȝȕțȓșȧ
— ǵț ȏȖȊȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȣȔ ǪȈȔ ȊȍȌȤ ȗȈșȗȖȘ-
ȚȈ ȕȈȌȍȦșȤ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ"
— Ǵȍȕȧ ȏȖȊțȚ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȧ ȟȐșȓȦșȤ Ȑ ȗȖ ȗȈ-
șȗȖȘȚț
Ǫ ȋȖȓȖșȍ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȕȞȈ șțȝȖ ȗȘȖȏȊțȟȈȓȐ ȕȖȚȣ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖșȚȐ
— ǪȖȚ Ȋ ȊȈș Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȚȐȗȐȟȕȣȑ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȐȋȍȕȚ
ǵȍ Ȋșȍ ȓȐ ȊȈȔ ȘȈȊȕȖ Ȋ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ ȒȈȒ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ǰȊȈ-
ȕȖȊ ȓȐ ǷȍȚȘȖȊ ǹȐȌȖȘȖȊ" ǬȍȓȖ ȕȍ Ȋ ȐȔȍȕȐ Ȉ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȧ
ȊȈȔ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎț Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȍȓȧ ȊȈș țȌȖȉȕȖ Ȑ ȊȣȋȖȌ-
ȕȖ ǬȈ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȕȍ ȧ șȈȔ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȌȈȓ ȊȈȔ ȗȖȊȖȌ șȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȜȈ-
ȔȐȓȐȦ ǰȊȈȕȖȊ ȕȍȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȑ ǪȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ Ȋȣ ȗȖȑȔȍȚȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȟȐȕț ȔȖȍȑ șȒȘȣȚȕȖșȚȐ ǪȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
ȖȗȈșȕȖȋȖ Ȍȓȧ ȊȈș ǰȚȈȒ ȗȖȉȍșȍȌțȍȔ ǵȖ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ
ȊȈȔ ȏȈȌȈȚȤ ȖȌȐȕ ȊȖȗȘȖș Ǫȣ ȗȖșȒȖȓȤȒț ȧ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȕȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȔȐȘȧȍȚȍșȤ ș șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ Ǫȣ ȎȍȓȈȓȐ ȉȣ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȍȍ
ȐȕȖȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȘȈȏțȔȕȖȑ Ȑ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖȑ Ǫȣ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ șȖȞȐȈ-
ȓȐșȚ Ȑ ȔȍȟȚȈȍȚȍ Ȗ ȘȈȊȍȕșȚȊȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ǫȣ Ȋ ȔȍȟȚȈȝ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ
șȓȖȔȈȚȤ ȥȚț ȕȣȕȍȠȕȦȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȗȖ-șȊȖȍȔț
ǵȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȓȐ ȊȈȔ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȟȚȖ, ȗȖȔȐȔȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ
ȚȘțȌȕȖșȚȐ ȗȍȘȍȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȔȕȖȋȖȊȍȒȖȊȖȑ țȒȓȈȌ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȊșȧȒȐȑ
ȊȗȘȈȊȍ ȊȈș șȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȌȈ ȕȍ ȗțșȚȈȧ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȧ ȊȖȏȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȓȐ ȕȈ Ȍȍȓȍ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȘȈȏțȔȕȖȍ Ȑ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȍ
șȖȎȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ" ǰ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ Ȋȣ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȓȍȋȟȍ Ȑ ȋȖ-
ȘȈȏȌȖ ȗȖȓȍȏȕȍȍ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐȔȍȘ Ȍȓȧ ȊșȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȈ ȉȣȓȖ
ȉȣ ȕȈȟȈȚȤ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ Ȑ ȖșȕȖȊȈȚȤ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȖ ȕȈ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȕȈȟȈ-
ȓȈȝ Ȋ ȉȍȏȓȦȌȕȖȑ ȕȍȖȉȐȚȈȍȔȖȑ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ" ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ Ȋȣ-

12
ȝȖȌȞȣ Ȑȏ șȚȈȘȖȑ ǭȊȘȖȗȣ ȖșȕȖȊȈȓȐ ǹȍȊȍȘȖ-ǨȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȍ
ȀȚȈȚȣ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒț ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȓȦȌȐ ;9,,, ȊȍȒȈ șȟȐȚȈȓȐ ȏȈ
ȔȐȜ ǻȟȍȕȣȑ ǴȈȒȖȓȍȑ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ;,; ȊȍȒȍ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖȟ-
ȕȖșȚȐ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȏȈȈȚȓȈȕȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȐ ȇ ȕȍ ȊȖșȝȐ-
ȡȈȦșȤ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȖȑ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȠȈȋ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȊ ǭȊȘȖȗȣ ș ȍȍ ȊȍȚȝȐȔȐ ȗȘȍȌȘȈșșțȌȒȈȔȐ ǹȌȍȓȈȍȔ ȌȘțȋȖȑ
ȠȈȋ ȖșȕțȍȔ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȖ ȕȈ Țȍȝ ȕȈȟȈȓȈȝ Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȗȘȐ-
ȠȓȈ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȈȧ ȕȈțȒȈ Ȗȉ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȐ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȘȖȌȍ ȉȣȓȐ ǰ Ȋ ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ǨȔȍ-
ȘȐȒȍ ǰȒȈȘȐȧ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ ș ȒȖȔȔțȕȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ șȚȘȖȍȔ.
ǻ ȕȈș Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ ȚȖȓșȚȖȊȞȣ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȎȈȓȒȐȍ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȐ ȒȖȕȟȈ-
ȦȡȐȍșȧ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȖȔ ȖȉȡȐȕ
— Ǩ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȗȖȟȍȔț" Ǫșȍ ȥȚȐ ȓȦȌȐ — ȐȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓșȚȖȊȞȣ
Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ șȍȒȚȈȕȚȣ ȜȈȕȈȚȐȒȐ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ țȏȒȖȑ ȐȌȍȐ ȐȓȐ
ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȒȖȔȔțȕț Ȋ șȔȣșȓȍ ȚȘțȌȖȊȖȑ ȖȉȡȐȕȣ ș ȖȋȘȈȕȐ-
ȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȌȖ ȔȐȕȐȔțȔȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȕȖșȚȍȑ ǸȈȊȍȕșȚȊȖ ȓȦ-
Ȍȍȑ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȗȘȐȕȐȎȍȕȐȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȌȖ țȘȖȊȕȧ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȟȍȋȖ ȓȐȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȣȝ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȕȖșȚȍȑ Ȑ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ-
șȚȐ Ȑȝ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȐȚȤ ǵȈșȐȓȤșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȖȗȘȖȡȈȚȤ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȅȚȖ
ȏȕȈȟȐȚ șȖȏȌȈȊȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȈșȒȍȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȗȖȌȊȐȋ ȔȖȕȈș-
ȚȣȘȤ ǵȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȕȈȌȖ țșȚȘȖȐȚȤșȧ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋșȧ ȕȖȊȈȧ ȒȖ-
ȓȖȕȐȧ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȊșȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȐ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȓȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍ-
ȟȍșȚȊȖ Ȍȓȧ țȌȖȉșȚȊȈ ȘȖșȒȖȠȐ Ȑ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȧ ǺȍȝȕȐȒȈ ȌȈȍȚ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȖȘțȌȐȍ ȒȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȈ ǿȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒ ș ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȌȕȍȔ ȗȖȉȍȎȌȈȍȚ șȚȐȝȐȑȕțȦ ȗȘȐȘȖȌț Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ
șȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ ȍȍ ȊȓȈȌȣȒȖȑ ǯȈȌȈȟȈ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȚȤ
Ȋșȍȝ Ȋ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȘȐȍȊ ȌțȘȍȦȡȐȝ ȏȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ Ȉ Ȋ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȗȖȓȤ-
ȏțȦȡȐȝșȧ ȘȖșȒȖȠȤȦ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȌȖșȚțȗȕȖȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȉȖȋȈ-
ȚȣȔ
— ǵȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕțȚȤ"
— ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȋȘȈȕȌȐȖȏȕȣȔȐ ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ șȖȖȘț-
ȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȐȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȈȔ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȘȖ-
Ȍț Ȑ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȚȘțȌ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȏȈȔȍȕȐȓȐ ȉȣ ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȔȍȝȈ-
ȕȐȟȍșȒȐȔ țșȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚȊȖȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȔȈȠȐȕȈȔȐ
— ǶȚȒțȌȈ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȊȖȏȤȔȍȚȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȖșȕȖȊȕȖȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓ?
ǺțȚ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȣ ȕțȎȕȣ șȖȚȕȐ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ
ǰȊȈȕȖȊ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ
— ǹȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȗȘȖȡȍ ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȣ

— ǵț-ș — ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȖ — șȈȌȐȚȍșȤ Ȑ ȗȐȠȐȚȍ Ȏȍȕȍ țșȗȖȒȖȑȚȍ ȍȍ Ȉ Ȕȕȍ
ȗȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ ȊȓȖȎȐȚȤ Ȋ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚ ȊȖȚ ȥȚț ȔȈȓȖșȚȤ
ǰȊȈȕȖȊ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȌȊȍ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐȗȧȚȐȘțȉȓȍȊȣȍ ȉțȔȈȎȒȐ
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȗȖȝȖȎȍ ȕȈ
Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȑ ȝȖȌ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊȈ ȟȚȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȏȈȒȘțȎȐ-
ȓȈșȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ șȗțȚȈȓȐșȤ ȔȣșȓȐ Ƕȕ ȖȚȌȈȓșȧ
ȗȖȌȝȊȈȚȐȊȠȍȔț ȍȋȖ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȦ Ȑ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȓ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ
— ǷȘȐȗȐȠȐȚȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȎȍȕȈ ȊȈȔ ȗȘȐșȓȈȓȈ ȖȚȊȍȚ ǵț Țȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ ȕȈȌȗȐșȣȊȈȑȚȍ ȈȌȘȍș ǺȈȒ ǯȈȒȓȍȑȚȍ
ǷȐșȤȔȖ ȗȍȘȍȠȓȖ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȗȖșȣȓȤȕȖȋȖ
— ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋȣ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓȐ ȗȘȖ-
ȒȓȐȕȈȚȤ șȊȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȎȍȓțȌȖȒ ȏȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȐȓșȧ
ȍȌȖȦ Ȑ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ șȓțȠȈȚȤ Ȗ ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȈȝ
— ǷȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ ǵȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȚȈȒ șȘȈȏț șȓȖȊȖȔ ȗȖȟȍȔț
Ȋȣ Ȕȕȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȍ"
— ǽȔ ǯȌȍșȤ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȇ ȊȍȌȤ țȎȍ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȊȕȖ șȓȍȎț ȏȈ ȊȈȔȐ ǴȕȖȋȐȍ ȊȈȠȐ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ ȘȈș-
șȒȈȏȈȓȐ Ȕȕȍ Ȗ ȊȈș Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȤȚȍ Ȑȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȊȈȔ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ
ȓțȟȠȍ ȟȍȔ Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ Ǫȣ șȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ȕȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ
ȚȘȈȋȐȟȍșȒȐ ȇ țȎȍ ȘȈȕȍȍ ȏȕȈȓ, Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȊȈș ȏȖȊțȚ Ȑ ȊșȦ ȊȈȠț
ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ
— ǹ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȞȍȓȤȦ Ȋȣ șȓȍȌȐȓȐ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȑ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȈȔ ȕț-
Ȏȍȕ"
— Ǵȕȍ ȕțȎȕȣ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ ȓȦȌȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ țȌȍȓȧȍȚ ȔȍșȚȈ ȓȦȌȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȍ ȐȌțȚ
ȕȈ țșȚțȗȒȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȔȐȘȧȦȚșȧ ș ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȐȍȔ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ
ȕȍșȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖșȚȤȦ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍȎȐȚȐȧ
— Ǭȓȧ ȟȍȋȖ"
— Ǫ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ Ȋȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ țȎȍ Ȑ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȚȤșȧ ȇ ȕȈȉȐ-
ȘȈȦ ȟȓȍȕȖȊ ȉțȌțȡȍȑ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȕȈ Țȍȝ ȕȈȟȈȓȈȝ
Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȕȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ
— Ǩ ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȣ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐ-
ȒȖȊ
— ǶȕȐ Ȓ ȕȈȠȐȔ țșȓțȋȈȔ

15
DZșȎȐȎ III
ȀǮǶǻǿȀǰdzǻǻȉǷ ǽǮǾǼȃǼDz
ǵȈ ǩȖșȚȖȕșȒȖȔ ȘȍȑȌȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ șțȌȖ-
Ȋȣȝ ȥȒȐȗȈȎȍȑ Ȑ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȗȖȘȚȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ șȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȣ șȚȖȧȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȔȖȓȈ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȓ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȔț
ȔȖȘȦ
ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓșȧ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȋȘțȏȖȊȖȋȖ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ ǺȖȔ
ǹȚȍȜȍȕș ǭȔț ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ Șȍȑș ȗȖȊȍȏȓȖ ǹțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȜȘȈȝȚȖ-
ȊȈȕȖ ȕȈ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȍ ȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȍ ȕȖ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ țȎȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȌȊțȝ ȕȍ-
ȌȍȓȤ Ȉ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȋȘțȏȈ ȕȍ ȗȖșȚțȗȈȓȖ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȓ ǹȚȍȜȍȕș Ȑ Ȓț-
ȌȈ ȍȔț ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȗȓȣȚȤ ȋȌȍ șȚȈȕȞȐȧ ȘȈȏȋȘțȏȒȐ
ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȗȓȈȚȐȓȐ ȗȖ-ȞȈȘșȒȐ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȖȎȈȓȖȊȈȚȤșȧ
ȕȈ țȉȣȚȒȐ ȖȚ ȗȘȖȔȍȌȓȍȕȐȧ ǵȖ ȎȐȊȈȧ ȕȈȚțȘȈ ȔȖȘȧȒȈ ȕȍ
ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȓȈ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȤșȧ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȖ Ȓ ȊȣȕțȎȌȍȕȕȖȑ
ȉȍȏȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȓ ©ȕȍȔȍȞª — șȚȖȧȊȠȐȑ ȘȧȌȖȔ
ȋȘțȏȖȊȐȒ ȗȖȌ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȑ ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔȈ DzțȗȜȍȘȈ ȅȚȖȚ ȉȣȓ ȏȈ-
ȜȘȈȝȚȖȊȈȕ ȚȍȔ Ȏȍ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȑ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȎȌȈȓ ȋȘțȏȈ
ǶȉȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȖȚ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ șȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ
Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓȐ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȟȈșȣ ȏȈ ȊȣȗȐȊȒȖȑ Ȑ ȉȍșȍȌȖȑ.
— ȇ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ — ȋȖȘȧȟȐȓșȧ ǹȚȍȜȍȕș ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȧȚȖȋȖ
șȚȈȒȈȕȈ ȋȘȖȋȈ — ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȈ șțȌȕȖ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȚȈ ȖȕȖ
ȊȣșȚȘȖȍȕȖ ș ȚȈȒȐȔȐ ȒȘțȋȓȣȔȐ ȉȖȒȈȔȐ" ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȓ
ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ ǵȍ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ Ȉ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȗțȏȈȚȈȧ ȟȈȠȒȈ
ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕȍȚșȧ ȗȘȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȖȔ
ȠȚȖȘȔȍ Ȉ ȗȖ țșȓȖȊȐȦ Ȕȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȐȌȚȐ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ
— Ƕ ȕȍȚ ǩȈȓȓȈșȚ
— ǺȖ ȍșȚȤ Ȋȣ, ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ, ȝȖȚȐȚȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ țșȚȖȑȟȐȊ
ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȔț ȉȈȓȓȈșȚț șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȍȕȕȖȔț Ȋ
ȒȐȓȍȊȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ"
DzțȗȜȍȘ ȔȖȚȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȋ ȏȕȈȒ șȖȋȓȈșȐȧ.
— ǵȖ Ȍȓȧ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȓțȎȐȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȍ șțȌȕȖ"
ǪȍȌȤ ȕȍ Ȑȏ ȗțșȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȚȐ ȗȖșȚȘȖȐȓȐ ȚȈȒțȦ țȘȖȌȐȕț"
ǵț șȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȊȖȚ Ȋȣ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȖȉȢȍȝȈȓȐ ȊȍșȤ șȊȍȚ ȊȐȌȈȓȐ
ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șțȌȕȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȍ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ"
DzțȗȜȍȘ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓ Ȑȏ ȚȘțȉȒȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈȚȧȎȍȒ ȌȣȔȈ Ȑ

17
ȘțȦ ȖȉȓȍȒȈȍȚ Ȋșȍ șȊȖȐ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȐ ȥȚȖȚ ǼȖȘșȚȍȘ ȕȈȕȧȊȠȐȑ
ȕȈȠȐ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȣ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȥȒȐȗȈȎ" ǵȈȟȐȕȈȧ
ș ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ Ȑ ȒȖȕȟȈȧ ȦȕȋȖȑ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ șȝȖȌȐȚ ȕȈ ȉȍ-
Șȍȋ ȕȐ ș ȒȍȔ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȗȍȘȍȔȖȓȊȐȚȤșȧ ȝȖȚȤ șȓȖȊȖȔ ǰ ȟȚȖ
ȥȚȖ ȏȈ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ ©ǻȚȖȗȐȧª? ǿȍȘȚ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ
ȥȚȖ șȓȖȊȖ ǴȖȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ©ǩțȜȜȈȓȖª ȊȈȠ — ©ǫȘȐ-
ȏȍȓȤȌȈª ǪșȧȒȐȑ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚ ș ȟȍȔ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȌȍȓȖ Ǩ ȚȖ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ
©ǻȚȖȗȐȧª
— ǵȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ ǿȈșȚȕȣȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ
— ǬȈ ȟȈșȚȕȣȑ ǵȖ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ ȕȍ
ǼȖȘșȚȍȘț Ȉ ȒȖȔț-ȚȖ ȟȤȍ ȐȔȧ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ
DzțȗȜȍȘ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖ ȝȔȣȒȕțȓ ȊȣȒȖȓȖȚȐȓ ȚȘțȉȒț ȕȈ-
ȉȐȓ ȍȍ șȊȍȎȐȔ ȚȈȉȈȒȖȔ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȗȖȎȈȓ ǹȚȍȜȍȕșț ȘțȒț Ȑ ȗȖ-
Ƞȍȓ Ȑȏ ȒȈȉȈȟȒȈ ȕȈ șȊȖȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ȗțșȒȈȧ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȦ ȋȖ-
ȓțȉȖȊȈȚȣȍ ȖȉȓȈȒȈ ȌȣȔȈ
Ǫ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȊȍȟȍȘ, ȗȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ ȕȈ ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȤ ȉȣȓȖ
ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȖ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȚȦȒȖȊ Ȑ ȧȡȐȒȖȊ ǸȈȉȖȚȈ ȏȈȒȐȗȍȓȈ
ȕȈȟȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈȋȘțȏȒȈ ©ǩțȜȜȈȓȖª Ȑ ©ǫȘȐȏȍȓȤȌȣª
ǵȖ Ȑ ȚțȚ ǹȚȍȜȍȕș ȕȍ țȏȕȈȓ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ǵȈ ȋȘțȏȍ ȕȐ-
ȋȌȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȍȕȖ ȐȔȧ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȤȞȈ Ȑ ȔȍșȚȖ ȗȘȐȉȣȚȐȧ
ǵȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ, șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ, șȖȌȍȘȎȈȚ
ȥȚȐ ȧȡȐȒȐ Ȑ ȚȦȒȐ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȘȈȎȈȓȐ șȊȖȐ-
ȔȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔȐ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈȔȐ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȍȌȊȈ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋ ȓȦȒ
ǻ DzțȗȜȍȘȈ ȋȘțȏ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ șȖșȚȖȧȡȐȔ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ
Ȑȏ ȔȈȠȐȕȕȣȝ ȟȈșȚȍȑ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȌȊȈ șȘȍȌȕȍȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȣ ȗȈ-
ȘȖȊȣȝ ȒȖȚȓȈ ǵȍȔȍȞ ȕȐȟȍȔț ȕȍ țȌȐȊȓȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȍ șȚȘȖȐȓ ȕȐȒȈ-
ȒȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȑ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȗȘȐșȚȈȊȈȓ ȕȍȘȊȕȣȑ
ȧȕȒȐ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȋȘțȏȒȈ ȒȖȕȟȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȖȉȖȐȔ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈȔ ȧȊȐȓșȧ
ǼȖȘșȚȍȘ Ȑ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȏȈȧȊȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ Ȑȏ ȋȘțȏȖȊȣȝ ȗȈ-
ȘȖȝȖȌȖȊ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȗȖ 60 ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȖȊ ǹȚȍȜȍȕș
ȏȈȗȘȖȚȍșȚȖȊȈȓ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȟȚȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍȚ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȧ ȕȖ ǼȖȘ-
șȚȍȘ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț ȓȎȐȊȖșȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȏȈȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ Ȋȏȧȓ-
șȧ ȕȈ șȊȖȑ șȟȍȚ țșȚȘȖȐȚȤ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȗȘȐȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȒȈȦȚȣ ș ȝȖ-
ȘȖȠȐȔȐ ȒȖȑȒȈȔȐ Ȋ ȔȍȎȌțȗȈȓțȉȕȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ
DzțȗȜȍȘ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȓȐȠȤ Ȗ Ȟȍȕȍ ȏȈ ȗȘȖȊȖȏ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȖȊ Ȑ
ȕȈȑȌȧ ȍȍ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡȍȑ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȔ ȒȐȊȒȖȔ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȋȖȚȖȊȖ Ȓ ȖȚȢȍȏȌț Ǫ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ

18
Ȑȏ ȚȘțȉ ȚȘȍȝ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȖȊ ȗȖȊȈȓȐȓ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȌȣȔ Ȑ ȊȍșȤ ȒȖȘȗțș
Ȑȝ ȕȍȘȊȕȖ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓ ȖȚ ȌȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ șȒȖȗȓȧȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ȗȈȘȈ
ǷȈșșȈȎȐȘȣ ȏȈȕȧȓȐ șȊȖȐ ȔȍșȚȈ ȕȈ ȋȘțȏȖȊȐȒȈȝ ǺȡȍȚȕȖ
ǹȚȍȜȍȕș ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȏȈȊȍșȚȐ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȣ
ǵȐȒȈȒȐȍ țȓȖȊȒȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȋȓȐ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȐșȚȐȕț Ȉ ȖȚ ȊȣȗȐȊ-
ȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȉȣ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȈȚȤ ȧȏȣȒȐ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ ȒȈȚȍȋȖȘȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐ ȖȚȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐșȤ
ǹ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕșȒȖȑ ȊȣȠȒȐ ǹȚȍȜȍȕș țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ Ȓ ȔȖșȚȒȈȔ
ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ ©ǻȚȖȗȐȧª ȗȖȌȒȈȚȐȓȐ ȌȊȍ ȒȈȘȍȚȣ Ȑȏ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȊȣȠ-
ȓȈ șȚȘȖȑȕȈȧ ȊȣșȖȒȈȧ ȌȈȔȈ ǿȍȘȚȣ ȍȍ ȓȐȞȈ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈș-
șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ Ȑ Ȋ șȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȤ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȖȕȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȖ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȊțȈȓȤȦ
— ǸȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ — ȏȓȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȉȘȖșȈȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȟȚȖ ȕȈȟȈȚțȦ șȐȋȈȘț Ȑ ȏȈȒțȘȐȊȈȧ ȕȖȊțȦ — ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȈ ȒȖȔȗȈ-
ȕȐȧ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȡȈȧșȧ ȟȍȘȚ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȒțȌȈ?
ǷȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȓ ȖȚȗȓȣȚȐȦ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈ-
ȒȖȕȟȍȕȣ ǼȖȘșȚȍȘ ȗȖșȍȚȐȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȖȊ ȋȘțȏȖȊȣȝ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȖȊ
Ȑ ȊȘțȟȐȓ ȒȈȎȌȖȔț ȏȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȈȒȍȚ ș ȕȈȌȗȐșȤȦ ©ǪșȒȘȣȚȤ
ȗȖȚȍȘȧȊȠȐ Ȑȏ ȊȐȌț ȉȍȘȍȋ DzțȘș ȕȈ ȦȋȖ-ȊȖșȚȖȒª
DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ǼȖȘșȚȍȘ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȚȗȓȣȚȐȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ șȖ-
șȚȖȧȚȤșȧ ȕȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȘȈȕȖ țȚȘȖȔ ȗȖ șȐȋȕȈȓț ȌȈȕ-
ȕȖȔț ș ©ǻȚȖȗȐȐª Ȑ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț Ȋșȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȋȖȚȖȊȖ ș Ȋȍ-
ȟȍȘȈ
ǹȚȍȜȍȕș ȕȍ șȗȈȓ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊșȦ ȕȖȟȤ ǺȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȈȒȍȚ
ȌȘȈȏȕȐȓ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȍȌȊȈ șȗȘȈȊȓȧȓșȧ ș șȖȉȓȈȏ-
ȕȖȔ ȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚȤșȧ ș șȍȒȘȍȚȕȣȔ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȖȔ ǹȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓȖ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȟȍșȚȕȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ ȔȖȘȧȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȒȘȍȗȟȍ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȗȍȟȈȚȍȑ
ǭȌȊȈ ȓȐȠȤ ȏȈȉȘȍȏȎȐȓ șȊȍȚ ȕȈ ȊȖșȚȖȒȍ Ȑ țȚȘȍȕȕȐȑ ȊȍȚȍ-
ȘȖȒ ȘȈȏȖȋȕȈȓ ȚțȔȈȕ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȗȖȚȘȧșȈȦȡȐȑ ȊȖȑ șȐȘȍ-
ȕȣ ©ǻȚȖȗȐȧª ȗȖȌȈȓȈ șȐȋȕȈȓ Ȓ ȖȚȗȓȣȚȐȦ
©ǩțȜȜȈȓȖª Ȑ ©ǫȘȐȏȍȓȤȌȈª ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓȐșȤ ǯȈȋȘȍȔȍȓȐ ȧȒȖȘ-
ȕȣȍ ȞȍȗȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȈșȤ ȉȍȋȖȚȕȧ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ ȗȖ ȗȈȓțȉȈȔ ǰ șȒȖȘȖ
ȜȓȖȚȐȓȐȧ Ȑȏ ȚȘȍȝ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȖȊ ȗȓȈȊȕȖ ȊȣȠȓȈ Ȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȖȊ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȚțȔȈȕ-
ȕțȦ ȗȖȓȖșȒț Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȑșȟȍȏ șȖȊșȍȔ ȏȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȖȔ ǹȚȍȜȍȕș
ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȋ ȒȈȦȚț Ȑ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȓ ȗȈ-
ȒȍȚǹȍȒȘȍȚȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȒȈȏ ȋȓȈșȐȓ

Ǽʏ˓ˆˈː˕ˋː˃Ǥ ʐ˖ˠːˑ˔-ʏˌ˓ˈ˔Ǥ ʝˉˋˇ˃˕˟ ˕˃ˏ ˒˓ˋˍ˃ˊ˃ ˑ˕ːˑ˔ˋ-
˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ ˇ˃ˎ˟ːˈˌ˛ˈˆˑ ː˃˒˓˃˅ˎˈːˋˢǽǤ
ǹȚȍȜȍȕș șȐȌȍȓ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȏȈȌțȔȈȊȠȐșȤ Ȑ ȖȗȍȘȠȐ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȈ
ȘțȒȐ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ ȏȈȐȋȘȈȓȈ ȝȐȚȘȈȧ
țșȔȍȠȒȈ țȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȈȓȍȞ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȚȘȖȕțȓșȧ
ȒȖ ȓȉț
— ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ Ȕȣ ȗȓȣȊȍȔ Ȋ ȦȎȕȖȍ ȗȖȓȧȘȕȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ ǵȖ
ȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȈ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȚȈȔ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȥȚȈ ȉȈȘȣȕȧ ș ȊțȈȓȤȦ"

20
DZșȎȐȎ IV
ǯdzǵȁǺǻȉǷ ǽǮǿǿǮǴǶǾ
ǷȓȈȊȈȕȐȍ ȌȖ șȚȖȓȐȞȣ ǨȘȋȍȕȚȐȕșȒȖȑ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȐ ȗȘȖ-
ȠȓȖ ȗȘȐ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȚȐȝȖȑ ȗȖȋȖȌȍ Ȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȣ ȕȍ ȚȍȘȧȓȐ
ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ Ȑȏ ȊȐȌț Ǫ ǩțȥȕȖș-ǨȑȘȍșȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖȧȓȐ ș ȕȍȌȍȓȦ
ǹțȌȧ ȗȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔ ȏȈȗȈșȈȔ țȋȓȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȐȈȕȚȈ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȓȖ
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ȉȍȏ ȏȈȝȖȌȈ Ȋ ȗȖȘȚȣ
ǹȚȍȜȍȕș ȗȖ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȦ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓ Ȑȏ șȍȉȧ Ȑ ȎȈȓȖȊȈȓ-
șȧ DzțȗȜȍȘț ȋȘȖȏȧ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ
— ǪȣȉȘȖȠț ȕȈ ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȤ Ȑȝ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȑ ȋȘțȏ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕțșȤ Ȋ
ǩȖșȚȖȕ ǺȍȘȗȍȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȑ
ǵȖ ȕȍȔȍȞ ȜȓȍȋȔȈȚȐȟȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ©ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȗȓȈȚȧȚª Ȑ
ǹȚȍȜȍȕșț ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȖȋȓȈȠȈȚȤșȧ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȖȚȗȓȣȚȐȍȔ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȋ ǩȖșȚȖȕȍ ǼȖȘșȚȍȘ ȗȖȉȣȊȈȓ ȕȈ
©ǩțȜȜȈȓȖª Ȑ ©ǫȘȐȏȍȓȤȌȍª
ǵȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȊȘțȟȐȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈȔ ȏȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȕȣȝ ȗȈ-
ȒȍȚȖȊ ȕȖ ȌȖșȚȈȓ Ȑȏ ȗȖȘȚȜȍȓȧ ȒȈȘȚț ȦȎȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȓțȠȈȘȐȧ Ȑ
țȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȒȘȍșȚȐȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚȔȍȟȍȕȖ ȔȍșȚȖ
ȊȣșȈȌȒȐ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȦȎȕȖ-ȗȖȓȧȘȕȖȋȖ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȒȈ
— ǯȈȗȐȠȐȚȍ ȌȖȓȋȖȚț Ȑ ȠȐȘȖȚț
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȚȈȔ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȚ ǵȐ ȗȖȘȚȈ ȕȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖșȍȓȒȈ
— ǬȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȗțșȚȣȕȍȕ ȕȖ țȌȖȉȍȕ Ȍȓȧ ȊȣșȈȌȒȐ ǴȖȎȕȖ
ȗȖȌȖȑȚȐ șȖȊșȍȔ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ Ȓ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȋȓțȉȐȕȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ǺȈȔ ȍșȚȤ
ȒȈȔȍȕȕȈȧ șȚȍȕȒȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ șȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ǪȗȖȓ-
ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȏȈȔȍȕȐȚȤ ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȤ
— ǵȖ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȓȍȌȧȕȖȑ ȗțșȚȣȕȍ"
ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȚȍșȤ Ȋ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȦ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣ șȖȉȈ-
ȒȐǼȖȘșȚȍȘ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ǹȚȍȜȍȕșȈ șțȘȖȊȣȔ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȔ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
ȌȖȔ.
— Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȔȐȓȍȑȠȐȑ ȒȥȗȚȥȕ ȟȚȖ ȊȈȔ ȌȖ ȊșȍȋȖ ȥȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȕȍȚ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ ǪȣȗȖȓȕȐȚȍ șȊȖȍ ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ
ȌȖșȚȈȊȤȚȍ ȋȘțȏ Ȑ Ȋȣ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȍ ȗȓȈȚț Ȑ ȗȘȍȔȐȦ ǭșȓȐ Ȏȍ Ȑ
ȊȗȘȍȌȤ ȎȍȓȈȍȚȍ ȕȈȎȐȊȈȚȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȚȖ ȗȖșȚȈȘȈȑȚȍșȤ
ȉȖȓȚȈȚȤ ȗȖȔȍȕȤȠȍ ǪȈȠ ©ǩțȜȜȈȓȖª ȍȡȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȈȔ ȗȘȐȋȖ-

21
ȌȐȚȤșȧ Ȍȓȧ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȌȖșȚȈȊȖȒ
ǹȚȍȜȍȕș Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȊȐȌȍȕȐȐ ȉțȌțȡȐȝ ȉȈȘȣȠȍȑ ȌȈȓ șȓȖȊȖ
ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȚȈȑȕȍ
ǺȘȐ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ ȖȉȖȋȕțȓȐ ȦȎȕțȦ ȖȒȖȕȍȟȕȖșȚȤ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȐ
ȗȘȖȠȓȐ ǴȈȋȍȓȓȈȕȖȊ ȗȘȖȓȐȊ Ȑ ȖȟțȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ǺȐȝȖȔ ȖȒȍȈȕȍ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ șȚȘȈȠȕțȦ ȉțȘȦ ǬȊȖȍ șțȚȖȒ
ȘȍȊȍȓȈ șȚȖȋȖȓȖșȈȧ ȊȖȌȧȕȈȧ ȉȍȏȌȕȈ ȊȖȏȌțȝ șȔȍȠȈȓșȧ ș ȊȖȌȖȑ
ǩȍȏȌȕȈ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȈȓȈ ȉȍȏȌȕț Ȑ Ȗȉȍ ȗȖȘȖȎȌȈȓȐ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡ
ȕȍșțȡȐȝ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȐȍ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȤ
Ǩ ȕȈ ȘȍȊ ȉțȘȐ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ȊȖȑ Ȑ ȗȓȈȟ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȖȊ ©ǩțȜ-
ȜȈȓȖª Ȑ ©ǫȘȐȏȍȓȤȌȣª ǪșȍȋȌȈ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȍ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ȖȉȍȏțȔȍȓȐ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ ǰȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȓȐ șțȌȤȉț ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȉȘȈȕȐȓȐ ǼȖȘșȚȍȘȈ Ȑ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȍȘ-
Ƞț ǬȘțȋȐȍ ȔȖȓȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ ȗȘȖșȚȐȘȈȧ ȘțȒȐ Ȓ ǩȖȋț Ȗ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȏȈȉȣȓȐ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȌȖ șȓțȝȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȌȖȓȍȚȍȓ ȌȐȒȐȑ ȕȍȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍș-
ȒȐȑ ȊȖȗȓȤ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȣȑ ȚȖȗȖȚ ȕȖȋ Ƕȕ Ȗȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ ǵȈ ȗȈȓț-
ȉț ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȖȊ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȖșȚȈ ȏȈȘȖș-
ȠȐȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȌȖ șȈȔȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ ȘȣȎȍȑ ȉȖȘȖȌȖȦ ǸțȉȈȠȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ
ȕȈ ȕȍȔ Ȋșȧ Ȋ ȒȓȖȟȤȧȝ ȕȖȋȐ ȉȖșȣȍ Ȋ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȣȝ șȍ-
Șȣȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȋȖȘȍȓ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȉȍȏțȔȐȧ
ǹȓȍȌȖȔ ȊȣșȣȗȈȓȐ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȣ ǶȕȐ ȗȣȚȈȓȐșȤ
șȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ ȉȍȏțȔȞȈ ȕȖ ȚȖȚ ȗȘȖȧȊȐȓ șȚȘȈȠȕțȦ șȐȓț Ȑ ȘȈȏȔȍ-
ȚȣȊȈȓ ȊȖȒȘțȋ șȍȉȧ ȕȈȗȈȌȈȊȠȐȝ ȐșȗțșȒȈȧ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȣȍ ȊȖȗȓȐ.
ǩȣșȚȘȖ șȉȍȎȈȊ ș ȊȣȠȒȐ ǹȚȍȜȍȕș ȗȖȏȊȈȓ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ Ȑ Ȋȍ-
ȓȍȓ ȖȒȘțȎȐȚȤ ȐȔ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȋȖ ǸȣȎȐȑ ȊȍȓȐȒȈȕ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ
țșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȘțȒț șȎȈȚțȦ Ȋ ȒțȓȈȒ țȋȘȖȎȈȧ ȒȖȔț-
ȚȖ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț Ȑ Ȑȏ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȚȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȒȈȒ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȈȧ ȗȈșȚȤ ȗȖȓȐȓȈșȤ șȚȘȈșȚȕȈȧ ȘȍȟȤ ȕȈ ȓȖȔȈȕȖȔ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȔ
ȧȏȣȒȍ ǹȚȍȜȍȕș ȏȕȈȓ ȗȖ-ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐ ȕȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȍȌȊȈ țȓȈȊȓȐȊȈȓ
șȔȣșȓ
— ǷȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȍ ȉțȘȎțȐ ǷțșȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȎȐȊȍȚ ȚȖȚ Ȑ Ȍȕȧ ȒȚȖ
ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚ Ȑȝ ȓȎȐȊȣȔ ȘȍȟȈȔ ǶȕȐ șȈȔȐ ȒțȗȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȏȖȓȖȚȍ Ȑ
ȖȚ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȉȍșȧȚșȧ ș ȎȐȘț ©Ǵȣ ȖȉȓȈȋȖȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊțȍȔ
ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ Ȕȣ țșȚȘȖȐȔ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȦ ȕȈ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȕȈȟȈȓȈȝ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ȋȌȍ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȐ ȋȖșȗȖȌ ȕȐ ȘȈȉȖȊ ȕȐ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȝ ȕȐ ȉȍȌȕȣȝ
Ǫșȍ ȉțȌțȚ ȘȈȊȕȣª ǵȍ ȊȍȘȤȚȍ ȖȉȔȈȕȡȐȒȈȔ ǶȕȐ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȓȐ ȕȈș
ȖȚ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȖȚ ȕȈȠȐȝ șȍȔȍȑ ȖȕȐ ȖȉȔȖȘȖȟȐȓȐ ȕȈș ȉțȌțȡȐȔ

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șȟȈșȚȤȍȔ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȌțȘȈȒȐ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓȐ ȊȍȏȚȐ șȍȉȧ ȒȈȒ șȚȈȌȖ
ȉȈȘȈȕȖȊ DzțȌȈ ȊȍȏțȚ ȕȈș" ǵȈ ȊȍȘȕțȦ ȋȐȉȍȓȤ ȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȘȈȉșȚȊȖ
ǺȈȔ ȖȕȐ ȉțȌțȚ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈȔȐ ȚȈȔ ȕȍȚ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȈ ȕȍȚ ȏȈȒȖ-
ȕȖȊ Ǵȣ ȉțȌȍȔ Ȑȝ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȣȔȐ șȓțȋȈȔȐ ȉțȌȍȔ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȧȚȤ
Ȑȝ ȋȓțȗțȦ ȉȍȏțȔȕțȦ ȏȈȚȍȦ ȇ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț ȉȣȚȤ ȎȈȓȒȐȔ ȘȈȉȖȔ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȒțȗȐȠȤ ȕȐ ȏȈ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ǷțșȚȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǩȍȏțȔȕȣȑ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȤȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
ȘȈșȚȖȓȒȈȓ ȚȖȓȗț Ȑ, ȗȖȒȈ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȚȤșȧ
ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȝȖȟȍȚ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚ
ǪȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȐȓȤȕȖ șȗȈșȚȐ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ
ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȉȍȏțȔȞȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓȈ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȍ Ȋȗȍ-
ȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ǷȈșșȈȎȐȘȣ ȔȘȈȟȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ
ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȊȗȖȓȋȖȓȖșȈ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓȖșȤ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȖșȒȓȐ-
ȞȈȕȐȍ ©Ǩ ǼȘȈȕȞ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȑ ȗȘȈȊ"ª
ǵȖ ȧșȕȈȧ Ȑ ȚȐȝȈȧ ȗȖȋȖȌȈ șȒȖȘȖ șȋȓȈȌȐȓȈ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ
Ȗȉ țȎȈșȈȝ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȚȣȝ Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȚȘȐ Ȍȕȧ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ǹȚȍȜȍȕș ȌȖȓȋȖ
ȓȖȔȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȈȌ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȊȣȘȊȈȊȠȐȔȐșȧ Ȑȏ țșȚ ȉȍȏțȔȞȈ
©DzȈȒȈȧ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȧ" ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȝȖȚȧȚ ȏȈșȍȓȐȚȤ ȗȖȓȧȘȕȣȑ ȔȈ-
ȚȍȘȐȒ" ǺȖȓȤȒȖ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȍȔț ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȐȑȚȐ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȚȈ-
ȒȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ! ǬȈ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ" Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȝȖȓȖȌȍ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎ-

23
ȕȣ ȕȐ ȏȍȔȓȍȌȍȓȐȍ ȕȐ șȒȖȚȖȊȖȌșȚȊȖ Ǩ ȏȐȔȖȑ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȖȉȘȈ-
ȚȧȚșȧ Ȋșȍ Ȋ ȓȍȌȧȕȣȍ șȖșțȓȤȒȐª
ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȖșȊȍȎȐȊ ȔȖȏȋȐ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȔ ȔȖȘșȒȐȔ ȋȘȖȋȖȔ ǹȚȍ-
Ȝȍȕș ȔțȌȘȖ ȘȍȠȐȓ ©Ǩ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ dzȐȠȤ ȉȣ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȏȈ-
ȗȓȈȚȐȓȐª
ǷȖ ȔȍȘȍ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȍȕȐȧ Ȓ ȗȖȓȧȘȕȖȔț ȒȘțȋț șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ
Ȋșȍ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȍȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ țȎȍ ȋȘȍȓȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ ǵȍȉȍșȕȈȧ ȓȈȏțȘȤ
ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȓȈ DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȓȈ ȖșȍȕȤ ǵȖ șȊȍȎȐȑ
ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȉȖȌȘȐȓ Ȑ ȕȈ ȚȘȍȝ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈȝ ȕȐ Ȋ ȒȖȔ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓȖșȤ
țȕȣȕȐȧ
ǼȖȘșȚȍȘ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȎȈȓ ȕȈ ȠȓȦȗȒȍ Ȓ ©ǩțȜȜȈȓȖª Ȑ ©ǫȘȐȏȍȓȤ-
Ȍȍª ȊșȝȖȌȐȓ ȗȖ ȚȘȈȗț ȖȗțșȒȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȔȍȎȌțȗȈȓțȉȕȖȍ ȗȘȖșȚ-
ȘȈȕșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ș ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȈȔȐ ȅȒȐȗȈȎȐ
ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȖȊ ȚțȌȈ ȕȍ ȌȖȗțșȒȈȓȐșȤ ȕȖ ǹȚȍȜȍȕș șȓȣȠȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ-
ȔȍȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș ǼȖȘșȚȍȘȈ ȏȈȋȓțȠȈȓ ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȘȐȒȐ
ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ
ǷȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȍ ȏȍȔȓȧ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȣ Ȓ
ȕȍȑ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓȐșȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȖȚȒȘȣȓșȧ șțȘȖȊȣȑ
ȗȖȓȧȘȕȣȑ ȗȍȑȏȈȎ ǺȍȔȕȣȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ șȒȈȓȣ ȖȒȘțȎȈȓȐ
ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȉțȝȚț Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ șțȌȈ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ țȏȒȐȑ
ȗȘȖȓȐȊ
ǴȍșȚȈȔȐ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓ ȊȣșȖȒțȦ ȕȍȌȖșȚțȗȕțȦ șȚȍȕț,
ȋȓȈȌȒȖ ȖȚȗȖȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȕțȦ ȊȖȓȕȈȔȐ ǴȍșȚȈȔȐ șȚȍȕȈ ȗȖȕȐȎȈ-
ȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȒȘȈȑ ȍȍ ȗțȋȈȓ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȐȏȓȖ-
ȔȈȔȐ ȉȈȠȕȧȔȐ ȏțȉȞȈȔȐ ȉȖȑȕȐȞȈȔȐ ǹ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ
ȉțȝȚȣ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȖȗțșȒȈȓȈșȤ ȓȍȌȧȕȈȧ ȘȍȒȈ — ȋȓȍȚȟȍȘ
ǷȈȘȖȝȖȌȣ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȐ ȊȗȓȖȚȕțȦ Ȓ ȚȖȑ ȕȐȏȒȖȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȑ
șȚȍȕȒȍ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȎȌȈȓ ǼȖȘșȚȍȘ
ǷȍȘȍȒȐȕțȓȐ ȔȖșȚȒȐ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȈ-
ȔȐ ©ǻȚȖȗȐȐª ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȧ ȘȈșȗȖȓȈȋȈȓȈ ș ȓȐȠȒȖȔ 250 ȘȈȉȖ-
ȟȐȝ ǸȈȏȋȘțȏȒȈ ȗȖȠȓȈ ș ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ ǷȈȘȖȊȣȍ
ȓȍȉȍȌȒȐ ȊȣȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȐ Ȑȏ ȚȘȦȔȖȊ ȧȡȐȒȐ Ȑ ȚȦȒȐ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȒȓȈ-
ȌȣȊȈȓȐ Ȑȝ ȕȈ ȖșȖȉȣȍ ȗȓȈȚȜȖȘȔȣ ȒȈȚȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȗȖ ȕȈșȒȖȘȖ
ȗȘȖȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȘȍȓȤșȈȔ ǷȖȒȈ ȖȌȕȈ ȟȈșȚȤ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ȏȈȒȈȕȟȐ-
ȊȈȓȈ ȘȈȏȋȘțȏȒț ȌȘțȋȈȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖșȚȘȖȐȓȈ ȕȈȊȍș ȕȈ șȚȖȓȉȈȝ
Ȑȏ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȓȍȋȒȖȋȖ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȈ ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȟȈșȚȐ ȕȈ-
ȊȍșȈ Ȑ ȊȣȘȖșȠȍȋȖ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȌȖȔȈ Ȍȓȧ ȎȐȓȤȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈ-

ȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȣ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ Ȑ ȊȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋ șȖșȚȈȊ ȋȘțȏȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȚȘȦȔȣ ©ǩțȜȜȈȓȖª Ȑ ©ǫȘȐȏȍȓȤȌȣª ȖȗțșȚȍȓȐ ǼȖȘ--
șȚȍȘ țȗȓȈȚȐȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈȔ ȖȉȍȡȈȕȕțȦ șțȔȔț Ȑ ȊȣȌȈȓ ȍȡȍ
ȕȈȋȘȈȌț ȥȒȐȗȈȎț Ǫșȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣ Ȑ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ©ǩțȜȜȈȓȖª
Ȑ ©ǫȘȐȏȍȓȤȌȈª ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȖȕȐ șȈȓȦȚȖȊȈȓȐ ȖșȚȈȊ-
ȠȐȔșȧ ȜȓȈȋȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȕȖșȖȊȣȝ ȗțȠȍȒ.
©ǻȚȖȗȐȧª ȐȔ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓȈ
ǷȘȐ ȊȣȝȖȌȍ Ȑȏ ȉțȝȚȣ ǹȚȍȜȍȕș Ȗȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ
ȘȈȏ Ȑ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȎȈȓȖ ȚȖșȒȓȐȊȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȖȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ șȒȈȓ ©ǻȚȖȗȐȧª ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȚȈȒȖȑ
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț șȐȘȖȚȓȐȊȖ ȉȍȓȍȓ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȌȖȔȐȒ Ȑ ȒȖ-
ȗȖȠȐȓȐșȤ ȓȦȌȐ-ȔțȘȈȊȤȐ
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȏȈ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ ȌȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ Ȋ ȖȚ-
ȌȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊȈ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȍ ȓȐȠȐȊȠȍȋȖ șȍ-
ȉȧ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȝȐȔȐȒȈ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȈ

25
DZșȎȐȎ V
ǿǮȆǸǮ ǸǼǰǮǹȊ
ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ
șȚȈȓ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȓ ǰȊȈȕȖȊț ǺȖȚ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȊȖ-
ȏȖȉȕȖȊȓȧȓșȧ
ǰȊȈȕȖȊ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘț ȝȖȚȧ ȎȐȓ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖ
ȝȖȓȖșȚȧȒȖȔ ǭȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȘȐșȓțȋȖȑ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȔȘȈȟȕȖȋȖ
ȊȐȌȈ șȔțȋȓȣȑ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ ǴȍȎȌț ȝȖȏȧȐȕȖȔ Ȑ șȓțȋȖȑ ǪȖșȒȖ-
ȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȖȌȔȍȚȐȓ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȕȣȍ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȚȖȊȈȘȐ-
ȡȍșȒȐȍ ȕȖ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȉȖȋȖȚȊȖȘȐȓ ȝȐȔȐȒȈ Ȑ ȉȣȓ ȍȔț
ȗȘȍȌȈȕ Ȋșȍȑ ȌțȠȖȦ
ǵȈ ȔȍȌȕȖȑ ȌȖȡȍȟȒȍ ȗȘȐȉȐȚȖȑ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȏȕȈȟȐȓȖșȤ ©DzȖ-
ȔȐșșȐȖȕȕȖȍ ȉȦȘȖ ȗȖ ȌȍȓȈȔ ȜȐȕȈȕșȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȐȏȖ-
ȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȧȚȐȑª
ǵȈȘȖȌț ȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ
ǿȈșȚȖ ȧȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȗȖȗȘȖȠȈȑȒȐ ǵȈȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȊșȧȟȐ-
ȕȣ Ȗ șȊȖȐȝ ©ȘȈȉȖȚȈȝª ȉȓȐȏȧȡȐȝșȧ Ȓ ȒȖȕȞț Ȑ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȗȘȖșȧȚ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȕȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȖȗȣȚȣ
ǰȊȈȕȖȊ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓșȧ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȝȓȈȌȕȖȒȘȖȊȐȍȔ Ȑ ȘȈș-
șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ Ȗ șȍȔȍȑȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ Ȗ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈȝ Ȓ
șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȦ ǯȈȚȍȊȈȓ Ȑ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȕȍȗȖȌȝȖ-
ȌȧȡȐȍ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȣ Ȗ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȔ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȔ șȚȘȖȍ Ȗ ȉȖȘȤ-
ȉȍ ȒȓȈșșȖȊ Ȗ ȏȈȒȘȍȗȖȡȍȕȐȐ ȚȘțȌȈ ǹȓȖȊȕȖ ȊȣȗȣȚȣȊȈȓ
șȓȖȊȕȖ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȚȤ Ȋ șȈȔȖȍ ȕțȚȘȖ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȍȑ
©ǻȎ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȊȖȒȈȚȖȘ ȓȐ" — ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȖ Ȋ ȏȈȗțȋȈȕȕȖȔ Ȑȕ-
ȚȍȓȓȐȋȍȕȚșȒȖȔ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊȈ — ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ
șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ Ȑ ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȈȝ" ǹȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȖªǰ ȗȖȓțȟȐȊ ȔȍșȧȟȕȖȍ ȎȈȓȖȊȈȕȤȍ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ
ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȕȍȓȖȊȒȖ
©ǶȚȒțȌȈ ȥȚȐ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ" ǴȖȋț ȓȐ ȧ Ȑȝ ȊȏȧȚȤ"ª
ǸȍȠȐȓ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ș ǰȊȈȕȖȊȣȔ ȕȈȟȐșȚȖȚț ȕȖ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȒȈ
ȧȊȐȓȈșȤ șȈȔȈ șȖȉȖȑ
ǷȘȐȠȍȓ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȑ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ǶȌȍȚ ȘȈȉȖ-
ȟȐȔ Ȋ ȉȓțȏȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȖȍ țȔȕȖȍ ǪȐȌȕȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȑșȗȣ-

27
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȏȈȟȍȔ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ" ǬȈ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚȤșȧ ș ȊȈȔȐ Ȉ ȗȖȌȖȑ-
ȌȍȚ ȌȍȓȖ Ȋ ȟȓȍȕȣ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ șȍȉȧ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȚȤ
— ȇ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȍȖȘȍȚȐȟȍșȒȐ
ǷȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȤ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ șȊȍȘȒȕțȊ ȖșȒȈȓȖȔ ȏțȉȖȊ ȗȖȌ țșȈ-
ȔȐ
— ǵȍ ȌȖȊȍȘȧȍȚȍ" Ǩ ȧ ȚȈȒ șȘȈȏț ȒȈȒ Ȕȕȍ Ȗ ȊȈș ȘȈșșȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȐ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȐȓȐ Ȋ ȖȝȘȈȕȒȍ șȓțȎȐȚ ȐȓȐ ȉțȘȎțȈȏȕȈȧ ȏȈȚȍȧ
— ȜȐȓȈȕȚȘȖȗȐȧ
— ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȧ Ȋ ȖȝȘȈȕȒȍ Ȑ șȓțȎț"
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȍ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȓȈȏ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȕȈȔȍȚȈȓșȧ ǵȦ-
ȝȖȔ ȟțȦ ǵȍ Ȑȏ ȚȖȋȖ Ȋȣ ȚȍșȚȈ ȏȈȔȍȠȈȕȣ ȕȍ ȕȈ Țȍȝ ȌȘȖȎȎȈȝ
șȚȈȊȓȍȕȣ Ǩ Ȋȣ ȓțȟȠȍ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ȋ șȍȒȘȍȚȣ ȕȍ ȐȋȘȈȑȚȍ — ȘȈș-
șȒȈȏȣȊȈȑȚȍ-ȒȈ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ
— ǯȈȟȍȔ ȊȈȔ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȘȈȏ Ȋȣ ȕȈȗȍȘȍȌ șȔȍȍȚȍșȤ ǩțȘȎțȈȏ-
ȕȈȧ ȏȈȚȍȧ ǼȐȓȈȕȚȘȖȗȐȧ ǵț Ȑ ȖșȚȈȊȤȚȍ ȕȈș — Ȕȣ ȊȈș ȕȍ ȏȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȓȐ
ǩȖȑȒȐȑ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ șȔȍȦȡȐȍșȧ țȋȓȣ ȘȚȈ ȕȈȐȋȘȈȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȉȓȍșȒ ȋȓȈȏ — Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȐșȟȍȏȓȖ ǷȍȘȍȌ ǰȊȈȕȖ-
ȊȣȔ șȐȌȍȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȐȏȔțȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ǰ ȌȍȊȈȚȤșȧ ȍȔț
ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍȒțȌȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȍȓ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȒȈȒ șȓȍȌțȍȚ
Ȑ ȌțȠȖȑ ȐșșȚȘȈȌȈȓșȧ
— ǷȘȐ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȉȍȏ șȔȍȝȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȎȐȊȍȠȤ ǺȍȔ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ ȌȍȘȎȐȔșȧ ǵȈȌ șȈȔȐȔ șȖȉȖȦ șȔȍȦșȤ ȐȏȌȍȊȈȦșȤ
ǷȖȕȧȓȐ" Ǫ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒț ȥȚȖ ȊȖȠȓȖ ǪȍȌȤ șȈȔȖȓȦȉȐȍ-ȚȖ ț Ȋșȧ-
ȒȖȋȖ ȍșȚȤ ǵȍ ȊșȍȔ Ȏȍ șȓȍȏȣ șȊȖȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ"
ǰȊȈȕȖȊ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȘȈȏȋȈ-
ȌȈȚȤ ȥȚț șȚȘȈȕȕțȦ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȤ
— Ǫȣ — ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȑ
— ǬȈ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȎȈȓȖȉȐȚȍșȤ ǭȡȍ șȐȓ ȎȐȚȤ
ȝȊȈȚȈȍȚ Ǩ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ǰȏȊȍȘȐȓșȧ ȧ Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȐȌȍȐ Ȋ ȐȕȚȍȓ-
ȓȐȋȍȕȞȐȦ ǪȖȎȌȐ ǵț ȒȈȒȐȍ ȚȈȔ ȊȖȎȌȐ ȋȍȘȖȐ — ȗȘȖșȚȖ
ȚȘȧȗȒȐ ȐȏȕȖȠȍȕȕȣȍ Ǵȕȍ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ ȕțȎȕȈ ȎȐȊȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ǿȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ ȊșȍȋȖ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȥȚȈ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ ȗȖȌȗȖȓȤȕȈȧ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ
țȋȓȈ ȕȈȌȖȍȓȈ Ǵȕȍ ȉȣ Ȋ ȌȐȒțȦ ȗȘȐȘȖȌț ǹȚȐȝȐȦ șȓȖȔȐȚȤ
ȗȖȌȟȐȕȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ǷȖȉȍȌȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȕȍȗȖȒȖȘȕțȦ ǯȈșȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ
șȓțȎȐȚȤ ǷȍȘȊȖȉȣȚȕȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȗțȋȈȍȚ ǹȖ ȏȊȍȘȤȍȔ ȗȖȑ-
Ȍț ȌȘȈȚȤșȧ ȖȌȐȕ ȕȈ ȖȌȐȕ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȣ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȊȖȕ
Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȒȘȈșȐȊ ȥȚȖȚ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ

28
ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖȔ ȗȖȘȣȊȍ
— Ǫȣ — ȘȖȔȈȕȚȐȒ — țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ ǰȊȈȕȖȊ — ǪȘȍȔȍȕȈ ǴȈȑȕ-
ǸȐȌȈ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ ǹȒȖȘȖ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȕș ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ țȋȖȓȒȈ ȋȌȍ
ȉȣ ȕȍ șȊȐșȚȍȓ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȏ ȕȍ ȏȈȊȣȊȈȓ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ ȕȍ ȚȘȍȡȈȓ
ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕȕȣȑ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ ǻȑȚȐ ȖȚ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȖȚ Ȑȝ ȕȍșȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖȑ
ȏȓȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǶȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȕȖ ȒțȌȈ" ǬțȔȈȓȐ Ȋȣ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ DzșȚȈ-
ȚȐ șȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȒȈȒ ȊȈș ȕȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ"
— ǵȈ ȏȈȊȖȌȍ ȒȓȐȟțȚ ǹȈȠȒȈ DzȖȊȈȓȤ DzȖȊȈȓȍȕȒȖ șȖȉșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖ
— ǵț ȚȈȒ șȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ǪșȦȌț ȒțȌȈ ȉȣ Ȋȣ ȕȐ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ ȋȌȍ
ȉȣ ȕȐ ȗȖșȍȓȐȓȐșȤ Ȋȣ ȖȟțȚȐȚȍșȤ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȡȍȑ
ȒȈȒȖȔț-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊț ȐȓȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȡȍȑșȧ Ȋ șȜȍȘȍ ȍȋȖ
ȊȓȐȧȕȐȧ ǸȈȕȖ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ Ȉ ȚțȌȈ ȌȖȉȍȘțȚșȧ ȒțȗȞȣ ș ȚȖȊȈ-
ȘȈȔȐ ȔȐșșȐȖȕȍȘȣ ș ȒȕȐȎȒȈȔȐ ȎțȓȐȒȐ ș ȗȘȖȍȒȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖ-
șȚȖ ȎțȓȐȒȐ Ȉ ȚȈȔ — șțȌȤȐ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȧ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ Ǫȣ ȖșȕțȍȚȍ
ȒȖȓȖȕȐȦ ȗȖȚȘȈȚȐȚȍ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȦ Ȉ ț ȊȈș ȍȍ ȖȚ-
ȕȐȔțȚ ȊȊȍȌțȚ Țȍ șȈȔȣȍ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȐ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȋȣ Ȑ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ
ǵȈȌȖ ȗȖșȍȓȐȚȤșȧ ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȈȕȐȚ ȒțȌȈ ȗțȚȤ
șȖȗȘȧȎȍȕ ș ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȐȔȣȔȐ ȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȐȧȔȐ ȋȌȍ șȈ-
ȔȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȘȐ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ șȖȏȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȍȑ Ȑ țȔȖȔ ȓȦȌȍȑ
— DzȈȒ Ȋ șȒȈȏȒȍ" ǯȈȒȖȓȌȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ ȞȈȘșȚȊȖ" ǯȈ ȚȘȐȌȍȊȧȚȤ
ȏȍȔȍȓȤ"
— ǪȖȚ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȒȖȓȌȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ Ȍȓȧ Ȋșȍȝ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȕȍȔȕȖ-
ȋȐȝ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȠȐȝ ȚȈȑȕț ȗȖȉȍȌȣ ȕȈȌ șȚȐȝȐȧȔȐ ǽȖȚȐȚȍ ȍȝȈȚȤ
ȐșȒȈȚȤ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȏȈ ȚȘȐȌȍȊȧȚȤ ȏȍȔȍȓȤ Ȋ ȚȘȐȌȍșȧȚȖȍ ȞȈȘșȚȊȖ"
— ǰ Ȋȣ ȕȍ șȒȈȎȍȚȍ ȋȌȍ Ȑ ȟȚȖ"
— ǿțȌȈȒ Ȋȣ ǪșȍȔț ȔȐȘț ȊȖȑȕț ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓ Ȉ ȉȖȐȚșȧ ȓȖȊțȠ-
ȒȐ ǵț ȏȈȟȍȔ ȧ șȚȈȕț ȊȈș țȓȈȊȓȐȊȈȚȤ" ȇ ȎȐȊț ȏȌȍșȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȕȈȑȚȐ ȌȊțȝ-ȚȘȍȝ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ țȔȕȣȝ țȗȖȘȕȣȝ Ȋ
ȐȌȍȍ ǵȈȠȐ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȍ — ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ ȕȍȔȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȗȈșșȐȊȕȣ
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋȣ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȈȍȚȍ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȊȖȏȉțȌȐȚȍ-
ȓȧ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȐ"
— ǬȈ ȊȈș Ȑ ȊȖȚ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊȈ ǶȉȖȐȔ ȊȈȔ ȚȍȘȧȚȤ ȕȍ-
ȟȍȋȖ ǷȖȍȌȍȔȚȍ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȕȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȕȍ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȧ ǹȈȔȐ Ȋșȍ
țȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ǵȍ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ — șȐȓȖȑ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȕȍ șȚȈ-
ȕȍȔ ǶȉȘȈȚȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȍȏȌ ȋȈȘȈȕȚȐȘȖȊȈȕ

— Ǩ ȕȍ ȉȖȐȚȍșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȘȈȏȉȖȓȚȈȍȔ ȊȈȠț ȚȈȑȕț"
— ǵț ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ țȉȍȘȍȎȍȠȤșȧ ǬȈ ȧ țȉȍȎȌȍȕ
ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȈȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ ǸȍȠȈȑȚȍ șȘȈȏț
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȘțȒț ǰȊȈȕȖȊț ǹȖȋȓȈșȐȧ ǪȖșȒȖ-
ȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊȈ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȑ ȕȍ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȐ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȖȉȐȎȈȓȖ ȍȋȖ
— Ǩ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ ȔȖȧ ȎȍȕȈ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ"
— ǹ șȖȉȖȦ ȊȖȏȤȔȐȚȍ ǻ ȕȈș ȖȕȈ ȖȚȌȖȝȕȍȚ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȐȚșȧ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ǰȊȈȕȖȊ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ ș șȍȔȤȍȦ ǹȈȠȒȈ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ Ȑ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȑ șȓțȋȈ ȊȣȍȝȈȓȐ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞț

30
DZșȎȐȎ VI
ǰ ǿȀǾǮǻȁ ǿȅǮǿȀȊȍ
ǷțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ȌȖ ȈȊșȚȘȈȓȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȚȈ ǨȌȍȓȈȐȌȣ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȓȧȓȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖȋȖ
Ǫ ǫȈȔȉțȘȋȍ Ȑ dzȐȊȍȘȗțȓȍ ȗȘȐșȖȍȌȐȕȐȓȐșȤ ȌȊȈ șȍȔȍȑșȚ-
ȊȈ ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȑ ȌȖȉȘȖȌțȠȕȣȑ ȕȍȔȍȞ ȆșȚțș ȀȊȈȘȞ
ȓȦȉȧȡȐȑ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ ǩȍȉȍȓȍ Ȗ șȖȞȐȈȓȐȏȔȍ Ȑ șȐȕȌȐȒȈ-
ȓȐȏȔȍ ȏȈ ȒȘțȎȒȖȑ ȗȐȊȈ ǮȍȕȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ — ȉȍȓȈȧ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ ȝȖȝȖ-
ȚțȠȒȈ ǬȊȈ ȒȘȐȒȓȐȊȣȝ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȠȒȐ
Ǫ ǨȕȋȓȐȐ ȗȖȌșȍȓ ȗȖȎȐȓȖȑ ȐȘȓȈȕȌȍȞ ș ȊȏȘȖșȓȣȔ șȣȕȖȔ
Ȑ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȍȑ-ȌȖȟȒȖȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȌȠȍȑ ȋȘȈȕȐȞț ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ
ǰȘȓȈȕȌȞȣ ȉȣȓȐ șțȔȘȈȟȕȣ ȖȏȓȖȉȓȍȕȕȣ ȗȘȐ șȗȖȘȍ ȓȍȋ-
ȒȖ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȓȐșȤ ǺȖȋȖ Ȑ ȋȓȧȌȐ ȊȖȏȤȔțȚșȧ ȏȈ ȕȖȎȐ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȈ ș țșȔȍȠȒȖȑ:
— ǯȈȟȍȔ Ȋȣ ȉȍȘȍȚȍ ȚȈȒȐȝ"
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȖȉȖȑȌțȚșȧ ȅȚȖ ț ȕȐȝ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȍ ǰșȚȖȘȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐ țȋȕȍȚȍȕȕȣȑ ȖȉȐȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ
— ǯȓȣȍ ȚȘțșȣ ǨȘȍȕȌȈȚȖȘȖȊ ȉȐȓȐ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ țȋȓȈ No rent!* Ǩ
ȓȖȘȌȖȊ ȉȖȧȓȐșȤ Ǩ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȏȊȖȌȖȔ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȉȍȎȐȚ ȚȣșȧȟȕȈȧ
ȚȖȓȗȈ Ǩȝ ȥȚȈ ȚȖȓȗȈ — ȋȕțșȕȖȍ ȚȘțșȓȐȊȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ Ȏȍș-
ȚȖȒȖȍ șȖ șȓȈȉȣȔȐ Ȑ ȉȍȏȏȈȡȐȚȕȣȔȐ ǸȈȏȖȘȊțȚ ȕȈ ȒțșȒȐ ȒȈȒȖ-
ȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȋȖ Ȉ ȌȍșȧȚȖȒ ȠȚȣȒȖȊ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȗȈȕȐȒț.
ǵȈȑȌȍȚșȧ șȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȉȍȋțȚ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȒȈȒ șȚȈȌȖ ȉȈȘȈ-
ȕȖȊ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȍȋȖ Ȏȍ ȗȘȍȌȈȌțȚ
— Ǫȣ șȈȔȐ ȐȏȓȐȠȕȍ ȖȏȓȖȉȓȍȕȣ
— ǯȈȚȖ ȝȖȚȤ ȕȍ ȚȘțș
ǰȊȈȕȖȊ ȟȈșȚȖ ȗȘȐȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓșȧ Ȓ DzȖȊȈȓȦ ȅȕȍȘȋȐȧ șȐȓȈ
țȔ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȓȐ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈ-
ȟȈȚ ȥȚȐ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȣȍ ȊșȗȣȠȒȐ ȖȋȕȍȊȖȑ ȉȓȍșȒ ȋȓȈȏ ȝȐȡȕȖȍ
ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ"
ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȓȐ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ǰȊȈȕȖȊ ȟȚȖ ȊȍȏȍȚ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȦ"
* ɇɟɬ ɚɪɟɧɞɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɬɟ ɚɧɝɥ.).

31
Ǫ ǨȌȍȓȈȐȌȍ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ ȖȎȐȌȈȓ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ©ǻȚȖȗȐȧª
— ǵț ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȕȣ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȌȖȔȈ — ȊȍșȍȓȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ǰȊȈȕȖȊ
— ȥȚȖ șțȌȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ Ȑ șȊȍȏȍȚ ȕȈș ȒțȌȈ ȕțȎȕȖ
ǵȖ ȖȚ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȑ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓșȧ
— ǻȊȐȌȐȚȍ șȈȔȐ țȊȐȌȐȚȍ
ǩțȝȚȈ ȦȎȕȖ-ȗȖȓȧȘȕȖȋȖ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȒȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȈșȤ
ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȒȈȒ ș ȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȓ țȋȘȦȔȣȔ ȉȍ-
ȘȍȋȈȔ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȈ ©ǻȚȖȗȐȧª ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȌȊțȔȧ ȋȘțȏȖȊȐȒȈȔȐ Ȋȣ-
șȈȌȐȓȈ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ Ȑ șȌȈȓȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȧȡȐȒȖȊ ȚȦ-
ȒȖȊ Ȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȕȣȝ ȟȈșȚȍȑ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ șȒȈȓȈȝ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈȊȍșȈ Ȑ
ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȕȖșȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȐȒȈ
ǰȊȈȕȖȊ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȓ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȖȊ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȉȘȈȓȐ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȉȈȋȈȎȈ — Ȋșȍ Ȋ ȐȏȖȉȐȓȐȐ ȕȈȑȌȍȚșȧ ȕȈ
ȔȍșȚȍ
ǪȘȍȔȧ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ ȕȈȠȍȔț ȓȍȚț Ȑ ȗȖȋȖȌȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ Țȍ-
ȗȓȈȧ ǵȖ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȕȈȉȘȖșȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȊșȦȌț Ȋ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ ȍȡȍ Ȋ
ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȊȍȒȈ ȔȐȘȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȌȖȘȖȋț ȒȘȈȑȕȍ țȚȖȔȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ Ȑ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȕȍșȚȐ ȕȈ ȘțȒȈȝ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȌȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȌȖ ȖȚȊȍșȕȖȑ ȓȍȌȧȕȖȑ șȚȍȕȣ
ȀȍșȚȤ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ ș ©ǻȚȖȗȐȐª ȖȗțșȚȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȕȖșȐȓ-
ȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȍșȓȐ ȗȖ ȌȊȖȍ ǸȈȏȊȧȏȈȓȐ ȚȦȒȐ Ȑ ȊȣȕțȓȐ ȓȍȋȒțȦ
ȔȍȝȖȊțȦ ȖȌȍȎȌț DzȖșȚȦȔȣ ȉȣȓȐ șȠȐȚȣ ȕȈȗȖȌȖȉȐȍ ȥșȒȐ-
ȔȖșșȒȐȝ
ǰȊȈȕȖȊ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȊșȍȔ ȖȌȍȚȤșȧ Ȉ șȈȔ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ șȖ-
ȉȐȘȈȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȌȐȒȖȊȐȕȕȣȑ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ ǶȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȧȡȐȒȈ
șȚȖȧȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȕȖșȐȓȒȈȝ ȠȓȐ ȌȊȈ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȈ Ȓ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȔț ȕȖȎț
ș ȘțȟȒȖȑ
— ǷțșȒȈȑ — șȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ ȝȐȔȐȒ
ǸȈȏȌȈȓȖșȤ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȕȖȍ ȎțȎȎȈȕȤȍ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȚȖȒȈ
Ȑ ȕȖȎ ȕȈȒȈȓȐȓșȧ ȌȖȉȍȓȈ ǰȊȈȕȖȊ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȓȍȌȧȕȖȑ șȚȍȕȍ
Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚȤ ȗȖ ȕȍȑ ȕȖȎȖȔ ȕȈȔȍȟȈȧ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝțȋȖȓȤ-
ȕȐȒ ǵȖȎ ȊȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ȓȍȌ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȔȈșȓȖ DzțșȖȒ ȏȈ ȒțșȒȖȔ ȔȈȚȘȖ-
șȣ ȊȣȕȐȔȈȓȐ ȓȍȌȧȕȣȍ ȋȓȣȉȣ
ǶȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ ȗȘȖȝȖȌ ǰȊȈȕȖȊ ȏȈșȊȍȚȐȓ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ
ȜȖȕȈȘȤ Ǫ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȐȓȈșȤ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȈȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ ǶșȖȉȣȔ
ȒȓȦȟȖȔ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȚȗȍȘȚȈ
— ǷȖȎȈȓțȑȚȍ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ ȔȐȓȖșȚȐ ȗȘȖșȐȔ

32
DzȖȊȈȓȤ șȔȍȓȖ ȠȈȋȕțȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ǮȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȘȖȉȍ-
ȓȐ Ȑ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȎȈȓȐșȤ ȌȍȚȐ
ǯȈ ȌȊȍȘȤȦ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȚțȕȕȍȓȤ țșȚȓȈȕȕȣȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȔȐ
ȌȖșȒȈȔȐ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȠȓȐ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓȐșȤ
— ǴȈȚȘȖșȣ — ȗȖȧșȕȐȓ ǰȊȈȕȖȊ — șȍȑȟȈș ȏȈȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȦȚ
ȊȝȖȌ ȓȤȌȐȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȖȊ ȖȕȐ ȚȈȒ șȔȍȘȏȕțȚ-
șȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦȡȐȑ șȍȒȘȍȚȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ țȊȐȌȐȚ ȒȘȖȔȍ șȗȓȖ-
ȠȕȖȋȖ ȓȤȌȈ
DzȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ ȗȍȘȍȋȓȧȕțȓȐșȤ ǵȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ Ȑȝ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ ȟțȊșȚ-
ȊȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȚȣȝ Ȋ ȓȖȊțȠȒȍ ȀȓȐ ȔȖȓȟȈ
ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȓȐȓȖșȤ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ȗȖ-
ȌȖ ȓȤȌȖȔ ǵȈȟȈȓșȧ ȗȖȌȢȍȔ ǬȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȓ Ƞȍȓ ȏȌȍșȤ șȚț-
ȗȍȕȤȒȈȔȐ ǷȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȕȖȊȈȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȏȈȔȣȒȈȦȡȈȧ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȒȖ-
ȕȍȞ Țțȕȕȍȓȧ ǰȊȈȕȖȊ ȕȈȑȌȧ ȘțȟȒț ȘȣȟȈȋȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ ȍȍ
— ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȗȖȌȖȎȌȈȚȤ ș ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ
ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȓȧȏȋ ȎȍȓȍȏȈ Ȑ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȓȈșȤ ȇȘȒȖȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȖșȓȍȗȐȓȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȖȚȊȣȒȕțȊȠȐȍ
ȖȚ șȊȍȚȈ
— ǷȖȋȖȌȐȚȍ ȕȈȌȍȕȤȚȍ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȒȖȕșȍȘȊȣ
Ǫ șțȔȒȍ ȝȐȔȐȒȈ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȏȈȗȈș ȖȟȒȖȊ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȊȣȠȓȐ ȕȈ șȊȍȎȐȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ǵȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȍȑ-
ȏȈȎ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȈȔȐ ǶȕȐ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȕȈ ȠȐȘȖ-
ȒȖȔ ȗȓȖșȒȖȋȖȘȤȍ șȗȓȖȠȤ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖȔ ȖșȓȍȗȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȍȓȍȕȖȑ
șȕȍȋȈ
ǿȍȚȊȍȘȖ ȖȌȍȚȣȍ Ȋ ȔȍȝȈ ȊȖȏȐȓȐșȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȗȈȘȣ ȔȍȝȈȕȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐȝ șȈȕȍȑ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȖȔȍȡȈȓȐșȤ ȗȘȖ-
ȗȍȓȓȍȘȣ ȖȌȍȚȣȍ șȍȚȟȈȚȣȔȐ ȒȖȎțȝȈȔȐ
— ǨȥȘȖșȈȕȐ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǰȊȈȕȖȊ ȕȈ ȊȖȗȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ
DzȖȊȈȓȧ — ǹȚȖ ȊȍȘșȚ Ȋ ȟȈș
DzȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ țșȍȓȐșȤ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȍȓȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȗț-
ȡȍȕȣ Ȋ ȝȖȌ Ȑ șȈȕȐ ȗȖȔȟȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉȍȏȏȊțȟȕȖ ȕȈ Ȧȋ ǺȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ șȊȐșȚ Ȑ ȋțȓ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ Ȗȉ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȖȑ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȍ ȔȈȠȐȕ ǶșȖȉȣȍ ȡȐȚȣ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȓȐ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȖȊ ȖȚ ȉȍȠȍ-
ȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȕ șȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȏȘȍȏȣȊȈȍȔȖȋȖ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ
ǸȈșșȚȐȓȈȊȠȈȧșȧ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȘȈȊȕȐȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȖȌȕȖȖȉ-
ȘȈȏȕȈ ȟȚȖ Ȗ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șțȌȐȚȤ ȓȐȠȤ
ȗȖ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ șȒȈȓȈȔ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȊȣȌȊȐȋȈȊȠȐȔșȧ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ șȕȍȋȈ

ǴȍșȚȈȔȐ Ȏȍ șȈȕȐ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ Ȍȓȧ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȖȊ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣ-
ȔȐǿȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ ȟȈșȈ șȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒț ț ȌȖȔȐȒȈ ȗȖ-
șȚȘȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ Ȑ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȈ ȕȖ șȊȍȘȝț ȏȈȒȘȣȚȖȋȖ Ȗȉȓȍ-
ȌȍȕȍȊȠȐȔ șȕȍȋȖȔ ǯȌȍșȤ Ȋșȍ ȕȈșȒȖȘȖ ȏȈȒțșȐȓȐ Ǫ ȈȥȘȖșȈȕȧȝ
ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȐȓȐ ȧȡȐȒȐ ș ȈȒȒțȔțȓȧȚȖȘȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȔȟȈȓȐșȤ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ.
ǹȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȍȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȖȚȖȋȘȍȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ
ȥȚȈȗȕȣȝ ȗțȕȒȚȈȝ ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈȔȐ ȧȊȕȖ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓ șȚȘȈȝ Ȑ țȕȣ-
ȕȐȍ ǴȘȈȟȕȖ ȐșȗȖȌȓȖȉȤȧ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ țȋȘȦȔȣȍ ȐȘȓȈȕȌȞȣ
ǷȈȚȘȐȒ-ȖȚȍȞ Ȑ ǷȈȚȘȐȒ-șȣȕ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȐȘȓȈȕȌȒȈ ȅȓȤ-
ȏȈ ȕȍ ȚȍȘȧȓȈ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȑ ȊȍșȍȓȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȊșȍȔț ȒȈȒ Șȍ-
ȉȍȕȖȒ ǬȍȚȐ ȕȈ ȔȖȘȖȏȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȗȈȓȐ
ǰȊȈȕȖȊ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ Ȋșȍȝ ȖȉȖȌȘȐȚȤ ǫȘȖȔȒȖ ȝȊȈȓȐȓ ȕȖȊȣȍ
țșȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚȊȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȈȒȒțȔțȓȧȚȖȘȣ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȍȋȖ
ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍ Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȊȠȐȍ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤ ȌȖ 125 ȊȍȘșȚ Ȋ ȟȈș ǻȉȍȎ-
ȌȈȓ ȗȖȚȍȘȗȍȚȤ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ȗȘȖȌȓȐȚșȧ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȊȖ-
șȤȔȐ ȟȈșȖȊ ș ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈȔȐ Ǫ ȘȈȌțȎȕȣȝ ȒȘȈșȒȈȝ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȓ
ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȍȚ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȖȊ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȉȣȚȐȐ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȖ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȗȧȚȐ ȟȈșȖȊ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ Ȋȣ-
șȖȒȐȑ ȗȖȌȢȍȔ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ ȊȏȓȍȚȍȚȤ
șȈȕȐ
ǪȕȐȏț ȋȖȘȣ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȊȝȖȌ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ș țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ ȊȖȠȓȐ
Ȋ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȚȍȗȓȖȍ ȧȘȒȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ
ǸȈȏȔȍșȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȊȈȋȖȕȍ ȥȓȍȊȈȚȖȘȈ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ
ȊȊȍȘȝ ǯȌȍșȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȖȚȒȘȣȓșȧ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ ș
ȌȊțȔȧ ȗȈȘȈȔȐ ȘȍȓȤș ǵȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȗțȚȐ șȚȖȧȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒȖȔ-
ȜȖȘȚȈȉȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȈȋȖȕ
ǰȊȈȕȖȊ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȏȈȑȚȐ ȕȈ șȚȈȕȞȐȦ ȗȍȘȍȖȌȍȚȤșȧ Ǭȍȑ-
șȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋ ȔȍȝȖȊȣȝ ȖȌȍȎȌȈȝ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ ȎȈȘȒȖ
— ǪȖȚ Ȕȣ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȝȖȎȐ ȕȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ — ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȊȖșȒȓȐ-
ȞȈȓȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ
ǪȈȋȖȕ ȗȖȔȟȈȓ Ȑȝ ș ȉȍȠȍȕȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ Ȋ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔțȦ ȌȈȓȤ

34
DZșȎȐȎ VII
ǼǾǮǻǴdzǾdzȍ Dzǹȍ ǹȌDzdzǷ
— DzȈȒ ȥȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȎȍȕȈ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊȈ
ȗțȋȓȐȊȖ ȖȏȐȘȈȧșȤ ȒȘțȋȖȔ — ǪșȍȋȖ ȟȈș ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȕȣ ȔȍȘȏ-
ȓȐ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ țȎȈșȕȖȋȖ ȝȖȓȖȌȈ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓȖ
Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ǷȘȈȊȖ Ȕȕȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȎȈȘȒȖ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȓȍȋ-
ȒȖȔ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ
— ǬȈ Ȓ șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȦ ȕȈȔ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȕȐȏȐȚȤ ȚȍȔȗȍȘȈ-
ȚțȘț Ȋ Țțȕȕȍȓȍ — ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓșȧ ǰȊȈȕȖȊ. — ǯȌȍșȤ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȕȈȋȘȍ-
ȊȈȍȚșȧ ȌȖ 35° ȗȖ ǾȍȓȤșȐȦ ǩȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȍȡȍ ȎȈȘȟȍ ȉȍȏ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐȝ ȊȍȕȚȐȓȧȚȖȘȖȊ ȕȖ ȕȈȋȘȍȊȈȕȐȍ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ șȐȓȤȕȖ
— DzȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ ȚȍȗȓȈ ȌȈȍȚ ȚȈȒțȦ ȚȍȔȗȍȘȈȚț-
Șț" — ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȑ ȘȍȏȒȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ DzȖȊȈȓȤ
ǰȊȈȕȖȊ țșȔȍȝȕțȓșȧ
— Ǫșȍ țȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȚȈȔ Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȚȍșȤ — ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ
ȊȕȖȊȤ Ȓ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈȔ — Ǫ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȕȍȍ ǷȘȍ-
ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ Țȍȗȓȣȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȑ ȒȐșȓȖȘȖȌȖȔ Ȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȖȉȍȏȊȘȍȎȍȕȕȣȑ
ǪȈȋȖȕ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȑȏ Țțȕ-
ȕȍȓȧ dzȈȔȗȖȟȒȐ ȗȖȋȈșȓȐ Ȑ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ ș țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ ȗȘȐ--
ȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȧȘȒȐȑ ȌȕȍȊȕȖȑ șȊȍȚ ȊȖȘȊȈȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȋ ȖȒȕȈ ȊȈȋȖ-
ȕȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ
Ǫșȍ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓȐ ȊȣȑȚȐ Ȑ ȖȟțȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȋȈȓȍȘȍȍ șȖ șȚȍȒȓȧȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȒȘȣȠȍȑ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȖȑ șȚȍȕȖȑ ǬȘțȋȈȧ ȗȘȐȔȣȒȈ-
ȓȈ Ȓ ȖȉȠȐȘȕȖȔț ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȔț ȌȖȔț
ǹȒȊȖȏȤ ȖȒȕȈ ȊȐȌȕȍȓșȧ șȈȌ Ȑȏ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ Ȑ ȒțșȚȈȘȕȐȒȖȊ
ȘȈșȚțȡȐȝ ȓȐȠȤ Ȋ ȚȍȗȓȖȔ ȒȓȐȔȈȚȍ
— ǪȖȚ Ȕȣ Ȑ ȌȖȔȈ — ȖȉȖȌȘȧȦȡȍ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǰȊȈȕȖȊ — Ǻȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȊȈș ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȤ Ȗȉ ȖȎȐȌȈȦȡȍȑ ȕȈș Ȋșȍȝ — Ȑ
Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȐșȓȍ — ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖșȚȐ ǵȍ ȗțȋȈȑȚȍșȤ
ǬȍȓȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȐȧ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȧ Ǵȣ ȌȖȓ-
Ȏȕȣ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȌȊțȝȕȍȌȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȒȈȘȈȕȚȐȕ ǺȈȒȖȊ ȏȈȒȖȕ Ȍȓȧ
Ȋșȍȝ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȈȦȡȐȝ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȗȖȗȘȖȠț ȔțȎȟȐȕ ȊȖȑȚȐ Ȋ ȥȚȐ
ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȉ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ Ȋ Țȍ ȘȧȌȖȔ

35
DzȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȌȊȍ ȗȈȘȚȐȐ Ȑ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ Ȋ ȌȊȍ-
Șȧȝ ȏȌȈȕȐȑ
ǴțȎȟȐȕȈȔȐ ȗȘȍȌȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ǰȊȈȕȖȊ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȍ-
ȕȐȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȐșȤ ȌȖȕȈȋȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ Ȋ șȓȍȌțȦ-
ȡțȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț
— ǷȖȗȈȘȐȔ ȚȍȓȍșȈ ȋȘȍȠȕȣȍ — ȏȈȉȈșȐȓ ȗȖ-ȌȤȧȒȖȕșȒȐ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ
DzȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȗȈȓȐ Ȋ ȖȉȠȐȘȕțȦ ȉȈȕȦ ș
ȉȈșșȍȑȕȖȔ ȊȈȕȕȈȔȐ ȌțȠȈȔȐ Ǫșȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈȌȣ ȖȔȣȚȤșȧ ȗȖ-
șȓȍ ȌȖȓȋȖȋȖ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ
ȈȚȓȍȚȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȜȐȋțȘț DzȖȊȈȓȧ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȖȚȓȐȚțȦ Ȑȏ ȉȘȖȕȏȣ
șȚȍșȕȧȓșȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȋȖ ȝțȌȖȋȖ ȓȐȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔțșȒț-
ȓȖȊ Ȑ ȎȐȘȈ
ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȍ ȕȈ ȏȈȊȐșȚȤ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȕȈ ȘȍȊȕȖșȚȤ ȊȒȘȈ-
ȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȌțȠț ǸȈȏȌȘȈȎȈȓȈ ȥȚȈ ȉȍȏȏȈȉȖȚȕȈȧ șȓȍȋȒȈ țȝȈȘ-
șȒȈȧ ȔȈȕȍȘȈ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ ȥȚȈ ȗȖȌȟȍȘȒȕțȚȈȧ Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȌȊȐȎȍ-
ȕȐȐ ȔțșȒțȓȤȕȈȧ șȐȓȈ ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒ DzȖȊȈȓȤ Ȋȍȓ ȍȋȖ Ȏȍ-
ȕț ȗȖ ȒȈȔȍȕȐșȚȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȚȈȒȈȧ șȓȈȉȍȕȤ-
ȒȈȧ ȎȈȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȔȖȋțȟȍȑ ȜȐȋțȘȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȗțȚȕȐȒȈ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȔȣȚȤȧ Ȑ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȖșȖȉȣȝ ȈȘȖȔȈȚȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐȝ ȊȈȕȕ ǰȊȈȕȖȊ ȗȖȊȍȓ Ȋșȍȝ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
DzȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȓȐșȤ ȖșȔȖȚȘț ȌȊțȝ ȊȘȈȟȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȣșȓțȠȐȊȈȓȐ ȊȣșȚțȒȐȊȈȓȐ Ȑ ȖȡțȗȣȊȈȓȐ Ǭȍ-
ȓȈȓȐ ȐȏȔȍȘȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȧȓȐ ȖșȖȉȣȍ șȈȔȖȗȐȠțȡȐȍ ȗȘȐȉȖ-
Șȣ Ȍȓȧ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȐȧ ȋȘțȌȕȖȑ
ȒȓȍȚȒȐ ȗȘȐ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȐ ǰȏȔȍȘȧȓȐ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȔțșȒțȓȖȊ ȕȍȘȊȕțȦ
ȊȖșȗȘȐȐȔȟȐȊȖșȚȤ ǻ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȊȏȧȓȐ ȕȍȟȚȖ Ȍȓȧ ȈȕȈȓȐȏȈ
ǻșȍȘȌȕȍȑ ȟȍȔ ș ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ȏȈȕȧȓȐșȤ ȊȘȈȟȐ ș ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐ-
ȒȖȊȣȔ
— ǿȚȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ" — ȏȈȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ ǰȊȈȕȖȊ
— ǵȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ Ȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȘȐȧȚȕȈȧ ȗȖȟ-
ȊȈ ȌȓȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȏȈȉȖȓȍȊȈȕȐȑ Ǵȣ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔ ȚȈȒȐȝ șțȉȢȍȒȚȖȊ —
ȖȌȍȘȎȐȔȣȔȐ -Ȧ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȧȔȐ ǯȌȖȘȖȊ ȕȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȕȍȌȖȔȖ-
ȋȈȍȚ ǶȉȡȈȧ ȕȍȊȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧ ǷȓȖȝȖȍ ȗȐȚȈȕȐȍ ȚȒȈȕȍȑ ǬȈ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȗȘȖșȚț șțȉȢȍȒȚ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȌȖȓȋȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȋȖȓȖȌȈȓ ǵț ȌȈ ȕȐ-
ȟȍȋȖ — ȗȖȌȗȘȈȊȐȔ
ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ ȒȖȓȤȕțȓȖ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊȈ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ șȊȖȍ-
ȋȖ țȉȖȎȍșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ DzȖȊȈȓȤ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȗȘȍȏȘȐȚȍȓȤ-

36
ȕȖ Ȑ ȗȖȌ țșȈȔȐ Ȋ țȋȓȈȝ ȘȚȈ ȌȘȖȎȐȚ ȗȘȍȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ țșȔȍȠ-
ȒȈ DzȖȓȖȕȐșȚȖȊ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤșȧ
ȕȈ șȒȈȔȍȑȒț șȖ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȖȎȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗȓȧȓȐ Ȓ
ȕȖȋȈȔ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗȘȐȉȖȘȣ ș ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ
ȗȘȖȊȖȌȈȔȐ
ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȥȚȖȑ ȗȘȖȞȍȌțȘȣ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
ȕȍ ȐșȗȣȚȈȓ ȕȖ șȖȑȌȧ șȖ șȒȈȔȤȐ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ Țȍȓȍ
ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕțȦ șȊȍȎȍșȚȤ Ȑ ȉȖȌȘȖșȚȤ
— ȅȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȌȍȏȐȕȜȍȒȞȐȧ — ȗȖȧșȕȐȓ ǰȊȈȕȖȊ —
ǯȕȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ ȒȈȒȖȑ șȐȓȣ ȚȖȒ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȊȈș ȗȘȖȗțȡȍȕ" 5.000 ȊȖȓȤȚ.
— DzȈȒ Ȏȍ ȧ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȎȐȊ"
— ȅȚȖ ȕȈȠ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ șȍȒȘȍȚ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȚȖȒȐ șȚȖȓȤ Ȋȣ-
șȖȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȣ ȗȘȐ țȔȍȓȖȔ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȡȍȕȐȐ ǷȖȕȐȏȤȚȍ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ — ȊȍȘȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ
Ȋ ȊȈȠȍȔ Țȍȓȍ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȑ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȒȖȎȍ țȉȐȚȣ
ȔȐȒȘȖȉȣ Ȑ Ȋȣ ȟȐșȚȣ ȒȈȒ ȐșȒțȗȈȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȋ ȉȐȉȓȍȑșȒȖȑ ǹȐ-
ȓȖȈȔșȒȖȑ ȒțȗȍȓȐ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓȐ ȖȌȍȚȤșȧ
DzȖșȚȦȔ șȖșȚȖȧȓ Ȑȏ ȒțȘȚȒȐ ȕȈȗȖȌȖȉȐȍ ȈȊșȚȘȐȑșȒȖȑ ȠȐ-
ȘȖȒȐȝ ȠȚȈȕȖȊ șȚȧȕțȚȣȝ ț ȒȖȓȍȕ Ȑ ȔȧȋȒȐȝ șȈȕȌȈȓȐȑ ȕȈ ȉȖ-
șț ȕȖȋț
— ǷȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȖȌȍȓșȧ Ȋ ȠȍȓȒ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ș ȝȖȝȖȚȖȔ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ șȈȔ șȍȉȧ Ȑ ȊȣȒȐȕțȓ ȕȍ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȈȕȚȘȈȠȈ
— ǷȖȑȌȍȔ Ȓ ȌȈȔȈȔ
DzȖȓȖȕȐșȚȒȐ ȗȘȖȠȍȌȠȐȍ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȐșȒțș ȒȈȒ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ
ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȖȌȍȚȣȔȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȖ ǴțȎșȒȖȑ ȒȖș-
ȚȦȔ Ȑ ȋȖȓȣȍ ȖȚ ȒȖȓȍȕ ȕȖȋȐ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ șȚȍșȕȧȓȐ Ȑȝ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ
ȗȖȓȕțȦ ȕȍȔȒț ǵȖ ȔțȎ ȍȍ ȆșȚțș ȀȊȈȘȞ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȔȣșȓȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȖȌȖȉȘȐȓ
— ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȚȈȒȖȍ Ȏȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȒȈȒ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ ǵȍ ȌȖȓȎ-
ȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȑ
DzȈȘȈȕȚȐȕȕȖȍ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȖȉȠȐȘȕȣȔ
Ȑ șȖșȚȖȧȓȖ Ȑȏ ȗȖȔȍșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ șȖ ȊșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔȐ
țȌȖȉșȚȊȈȔȐ Ȑ șȈȌȖȔ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȋțȓȐȊȈȚȤșȧ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȒȘȣȚȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȒȘȣȠȍȑ Ȑȏ
șȚȍȒȓȈ Ȑ ȎȍȓȍȏȈ

38
ȕȈ Ȋ ȗȘȈȊȈȝ ș ȔțȎȟȐȕȖȑ ©ǰȔȗȍȘȐȧª ȐȔȍȍȚ ȏȌȍșȤ ȚȖȚ șȔȣșȓ
ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȊȓȈȌȣȟȍșȚȊțȍȔ ȕȍ ȕȈȌ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ Ȉ ȕȈȌ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȖȑ ǯȕȈȍ-
Țȍ ȓȐ ȋȌȍ Ȕȣ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȔșȧ Ȋ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ" ǵȈ șȈȔȖȔ ȦȎ-
ȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȦșȍ Ǵȣ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȓȐ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȐȍ ȏȈȚȘțȌȕȍȕȐȧ Ȕȣ
șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓȐ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖȍ Ǵȣ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȕȍȐșșȧȒȈȍȔȣȑ ȐșȚȖȟ-
ȕȐȒ ȚȍȗȓȈ Ȑ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȐ ǯȍȔȓȧ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȈȧ Țȣșȧ-
ȟȍȓȍȚȐȧ ȕȍ ȚȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȓȤȌȈȔȐ șȖȋȘȍȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȎȈȘȈ șȕȐȏț Ȑ șȉȘȖ-
șȐȓȈ ȗȖȒȘȖȊ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǹȊȍȘȝț Ȕȣ ȕȈȒȘȣȓȐ ȥȚȖȚ țȟȈșȚȖȒ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȑ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȏȍȔȕȖȑ ȖșȐ ȒȖȓȖșșȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȔ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȔ ȒȖȓȗȈȒȖȔ ȅȚȖ ȘȧȌ șȊȖȌȖȊ Ȑȏ ȎȍȓȍȏȈ Ȑ
șȚȍȒȓȈ DzȈȒ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ șȘȍȌȐ ȗȖȓȧȘȕȖȑ șȚțȎȐ Ȕȣ ȗȖȓȤȏțȍȔșȧ
ȚȍȗȓȣȔ ȟȐșȚȣȔ ȊȖȏȌțȝȖȔ ȝȖȌȐȔ Ȋ ȒȖșȚȦȔȈȝ ȗȘȐȋȖȌȕȣȝ
Ȍȓȧ ȎȈȘȒȖȋȖ ȒȓȐȔȈȚȈ Ǵȣ ȎȐȊȍȔ Ȋ ȌȖȔȈȝ ȓȍȋȒȖȑ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑ-
ȒȐ ǵȈș ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȚ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧ șȖȉȘȈȕȕȣȍ șȖ Ȋșȍ-
ȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ Ȑ ȉȓȈȋȖțȝȈȦȡȐȍ ȞȊȍȚȕȐȒȐ Ǫ ©ǷȖȓȧȘȕȖȑ ȐȔȗȍ-
ȘȐȐª ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ ǺȘțȌ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ șȊȍȌȍȕ ȌȖ
minimum¶Ȉ, ȗȖȊșȦȌț Ȗȕ ȏȈȔȍȕȍȕ ȔȈȠȐȕȈȔȐ șȈȔȣȔȐ ȘȈȏ-
ȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȦȡȐȔȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȈȊȚȖȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐ
— ǵȖ ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȚȘțȌ Ȍȓȧ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȖȊ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ șț-
ȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ" — ȗȘȍȘȊȈȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȘȍȏȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ DzȖȊȈȓȤ
— ȇ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȕȐȒȈȒȖ-
ȋȖ ȕȍȚ ȕȖ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȖȝȖȚȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȐ-
ȔȈȍȚ țȟȈșȚȐȍ Ȋ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȝ ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȚȖ ȊȍȌȤ Ȗȕ ȚȘțȌȐȚșȧ Ȍȓȧ
ȗȖȓȤȏȣ Ȗȉȡȍȑ Ȉ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ șȍȉȧ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȒȖȔț
ȖȝȖȚȈ șȐȌȍȚȤ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ șȓȖȎȈ ȘțȒȐ" ǺȘțȌ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ ȗȖ șȖȉ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖȔț ȊȣȉȖȘț ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȑ — ȕȍ ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ Ȉ ȕȈș-
ȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍ ǽȖȚȐȚȍ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȑȚȍșȤ șȈȌȖȊȖȌșȚȊȖȔ ȖȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ
ȘȈȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ǽȖȚȐȚȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȑȚȍ țȟȈșȚȐȍ Ȋ Țȍȝ-
ȕȐȟȍșȒȐȝ șȖȖȘțȎȍȕȐȧȝ Ȋ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȝ ȕȈ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȟȍșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȌȘț-
ȋȐȝ ȏȈȊȖȌȈȝ Ȋ ȋȖȘȕȣȝ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȝ Ȋ ȕȈțȟȕȣȝ ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȐȧȝ ȕȈȒȖ-
ȕȍȞ DzȈȎȌȣȑ — ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȚȘțȌȈ
ǿȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȚȤ ȒȚ ȥȚȖȔț" Ǵȣ ȐȏȉȈȊȓȍȕȣ ȖȚ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ Ȑ
ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȑ șȘȍȌȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȑ ǻ ȕȈș ȕȍȚ
ȓȐȟȕȖȑ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ǪȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț ț ȕȈș ȕȍȚ ȕȐ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞ
ȕȐ ȚȦȘȍȔ ȕȐ ȗȐșȈȕȕȣȝ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȊ ǸȍȓȐȋȐȧ — ȌȍȓȖ șȖȊȍșȚȐ
ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ǶȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ȔȍȎȌț ȌȊțȔȧ ȗȖȓȈȔȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ șȊȖ-
ȉȖȌȕȣ ǬȍȚȐ ȊȖșȗȐȚȣȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȖșȖȉȣȝ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ țȟȘȍȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȧȝ ǸȈȏȕȣȍ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȕȖșȚȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ Ȋȣ țȏȕȈȍȚȍ șȈ-

ȔȐ DzȈȒ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ Ȕȣ ȌȖșȚȐȋȓȐ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ șȖȊȍȘ-
ȠȍȕșȚȊȈ Ȋ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȔ ȖȉȡȍȎȐȚȐȐ Ȑ, ȍșȓȐ ©ǷȖȓȧȘȕțȦ ȐȔ-
ȗȍȘȐȦª ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ ȘȈȍȔ
— ǺȖ ȍȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ ȖȘȈȕȎȍȘȍȍȑ Ȍȓȧ ȓȦȌȍȑ — ȏȈ-
ȒȓȦȟȐȓ DzȖȊȈȓȤ Ȑ ȌȖȉȘȖȌțȠȕȖ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ
ǵȖ ȗȖȌ ȥȚȖȑ ȠțȚȒȖȑ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔț ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑ-
ȕȐȒȖȊț ȗȖȟțȌȐȓȈșȤ ȏȓȈȧ ȐȘȖȕȐȧ

40
DZșȎȐȎ VIII
ȋǰdzǹǶǻǮ ȆdzȂȂdzǾǿ
Ǫ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ Ȍȕȍȑ ȒȈȘȈȕȚȐȕȕȖȋȖ șȐȌȍȕȐȧ DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ
Ȓ ǰȊȈȕȖȊț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ Ȋ ȝȐȔȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ ȒȈ-
ȘȈȕȚȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ
— Ǵȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǰȊȈȕȖȊ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ș ȊȈ-
ȔȐ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ
— ǹȌȍȓȈȑȚȍ ȖȌȖȓȎȍȕȐȍ
— ǺȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȊșȍȔ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȔȈȓȖ țȌȖȊ-
ȓȍȚȊȖȘȧȍȚ
— ǹȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȑȚȍ ȇ ȉțȌț ȖȚȊȍȟȈȚȤ
— ǪȖȚ ȌȊȈ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȝ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈ ǪȖ-ȗȍȘȊȣȝ Ȗ ȒȈȒȖȔ ȕȍȐș-
șȧȒȈȍȔȖȔ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȍ ȚȍȗȓȈ Ȑ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȐ Ȋȣ ȕȍ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐ" ǪȖ-ȊȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȈ ȟȤȐ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ Ȑ ș ȒȈ-
ȒȐȔȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȞȍȓȧȔȐ șȖȖȘțȎȍȕȈ ȥȚȈ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȈȧ ȒȓȍȚ-
ȒȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȦșȍ"
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȧ ȊȈȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȎț Ȋșȍ ǵȖ ȗȖȏȖȊȐȚȍ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ǪȖș-
ȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊȈ ǷțșȚȤ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȍȚ
— ǵȈ ȟȚȖ ȊȈȔ ȥȚȖȚ ȒȐșȓȧȑ"
— ǹȚȣȌȐȚȍșȤ ǯȈȟȍȔ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȌȘțȎȍȓȦȉȕȖ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȚȖ-
ȊȈȘȐȡț"
— ȇ ȕȍ șȍȕȚȐȔȍȕȚȈȓȍȕ Ȑ ȚȍȘȗȍȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț Ȋșȍ șȓȈȉȖȍ ȕȍ-
ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȎȐȊțȡȍȍ ș ȖȋȓȧȌȒȖȑ Ȑ ȌȖȋȈȌȒȖȑ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ
ȍșȓȐ țȋȖȌȕȖ șȝȖȎț ȏȈ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊȣȔ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȉȈ ȊȖȠȓȐ Ȑ șȍȓȐ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȍȕȐȦ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȈ Ȗȕ
ȌȖȓȋȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȘȖȟȍșȚȤ
șȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȔȣșȓȐ
— Ǫȣ ȊȗȘȈȊȍ șȗȘȖșȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȧ ȊșȍȔ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȈȔ
ȕȍ ȌȈȓ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȣȝ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȑ ȒȈșȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȧ ©ǷȖ-
ȓȧȘȕȖȑ ǰȔȗȍȘȐȐª ȇ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȓ ȚȈȒ ȉȍȏ ȖșȖȉȖȑ ȞȍȓȐ Ȑȏ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ȐȏȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȐȕȚȐȔȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȌȍȓȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ Ȋ
șțȡȕȖșȚȐ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȈ Ȑ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȝ ȕȈțȟȕȣȝ ȘȈș-
șțȎȌȍȕȐȑ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȝ șȓțȠȈȚȍȓȧȔ ȗȘȐ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȕȐȏȒȖȑ
șȚȍȗȍȕȐ Ȑȝ țȔșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȧ ǪȈȔ Ȏȍ ȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȎț ȊșȦ
ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ ȍșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȍȚȍ

41
ǵȖ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ ȓȐ Ȋȣ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȗ ȘțșșȒȖȔ ȝȐ-
ȔȐȒȍ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊȍ"
— ȇ șȓȣȠȈȓ — ȏȈȧȊȐȓ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ. — ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ ȉȣȓ
ȐȏȊȍșȚȍȕ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȔȐ ȗȖ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȝȐȔȐȐ ȘȈȉȖ-
ȚȈȔ ȗȖ șȐȕȚȍȏț ȉȍȓȒȈ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȍșȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȒȕȐȎȒȈ Ȗȉ țȋȓȍȊȖȌȖȘȖ-
ȌȈȝ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ țȋȓȧ Ȑ ȕȍȜȚȐ ǯȈȚȍȔ ǩȍș-
șȖȕȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȕ șțȌȐȓșȧ ȗȖ ȗȘȖȞȍșșț 31 Ȑ șȖșȓȈȕ ȕȈ
ȒȈȚȖȘȋț ǶȚȚțȌȈ ȉȍȎȈȓ Ȑ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȕȍȚ șȓțȝȈ
— ǹȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȊȍȘȕȖ ǵț-ș Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȟȍșȚȤ ȐȔȍȦ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ — ȥȚȖ ȧ
ǰȊȈȕȖȊ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȑ ȌȖȉȘȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ
— ǰ ȊȈȔ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȧ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ ȕȈȏȊȈȓșȧ ȌȘțȋȖȑ
ȜȈȔȐȓȐȍȑ ȇ ȎȐȓ Ȋ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ șȊȖȐ ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȐȧ
Ȋ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ ȏȈȊȖȌȈ ȋȌȍ ȧ șȓțȎȐȓ ǩțȌțȟȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍ-
ȓȍȔ ǴȍȕȌȍȓȍȍȊȈ ȧ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ Ȑ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȓ ȏȈ-
ȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȔț ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȦ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȕȖȔț ȊȍȓȐȒȐȔ ȝȐȔȐȒȖȔ.
DzȈȔȍȕȕȖțȋȖȓȤȕȣȍ ȒȖȗȐ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȊȣȒȈȗȣ-
ȊȈȧ țȋȓȧ Ȉ ȏȈȎȐȋȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ǷȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ȕȍ-
ȗȖȓȕȖȍ șȋȖȘȈȕȐȍ ȌȈȦȡȍȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ țȋȓȍȊȖȌȖ-
ȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȋȈȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȑ ȔȖȎȕȖ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȐȚȤ Ȍȓȧ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȐȧ
Ȑ ȕȈȋȘȍȊȈȕȐȧ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȔ Ȏȍ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȐȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȋ Ȍȍȑ-
șȚȊȐȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ ȋȈȏȖȔȖȚȖȘȖȊ ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ
ȗȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȍ Ȓ ȌȐȕȈȔȖ-ȔȈȠȐȕȈȔ ȌȈȦȚ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȗȖ-
ȓțȟȍȕȐȧ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȚȖȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȖȚȊȍșȚȐ ȖȚ
ȒȖȗȍȑ ȕȈ ȓȦȉȖȍ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȐ ȋȖȘȍȕȐȐ ȒȈȔȍȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ țȋȓȧ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȚȍȗȓȈ Ȑ șȓȖȑ
ȏȍȔȓȐ ȕȈȌ ȒȖȗȧȔȐ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȋȘȍȊȈȍȚșȧ
ǵȈ ȏȈȊȖȌȍ ȧ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓșȧ ș ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘȖȔ ǻȈȓȤȌȖȔ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒȖȔ ȗȖșȊȧȚȐȊȠȐȔ șȍȉȧ ȐȏțȟȍȕȐȦ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȔȈȋȕȍ-
ȚȐȏȔȈ Ƕȕ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȓ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ șȐȓȣ ȈȒȒțȔțȓȧȚȖȘ Ȑ ȟȚȖ
ȍȡȍ ȊȈȎȕȍȍ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȕȈțȟȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȦ-
ȡȐȑ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȈȕȕȣȍ șȊȖȑșȚȊȈ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȈ
ǻȈȓȤȌȖȔ ȘȍȠȍȕȈ ȏȈȌȈȟȈ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȏȍȔ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȈ Ȉ ȥȚȖ ȘȈȊȕȖșȐȓȤȕȖ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȘȈșȗȖ-
ȓȈȋȈȍȔ ȕȍȐșșȧȒȈȍȔȣȔ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȖȔ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȐ ǪȖȚ Ȑ Ȋșȧ ȕȈțȟ-
ȕȈȧ șȚȖȘȖȕȈ ȌȍȓȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȋȣ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȏȕȈȚȤ DzȖȊȈȓȍȕȒȖ Ǵȣ
ȕȈȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȆȎȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȦșȍ ȔȖȡȕȣȍ ȗȓȈșȚȣ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ țȋȓȧ
Ȑ ȏȈȎȋȓȐ Ȑȝ ǷȖȌȏȍȔȕȣȑ ȖȋȖȕȤ șȖȋȘȍȊȈȍȚ ȗȖȟȊț Ȉ șȚȍȒȓȧȕ-

42
ȕȣȍ șȊȖȌȣ ȗȘȍȌȖȝȘȈȕȧȦȚ ȖȚ ȊȕȍȠȕȍȋȖ ȝȖȓȖȌȈ ǪȣȌȍȓȧȦ-
ȡȐȑșȧ Ȑȏ ȒȖȗȍȑ ȋȈȏ Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȍ ǻȈȓȤȌȈ Ȋ ȖȉȓȈșȚȐ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐ-
ȟȍșȚȊȈ ȌȈȓȐ ȕȈȔ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ȕȈȌ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȖȑ ǷȖȊșȦȌț Ȑ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ Ȕȣ
ȗȘȐȔȍȕȐȓȐ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȒȈȒ ȧ țȎȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍ-
șȒȐȑ ȚȘțȌ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȍȕ ǴȈȠȐȕȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȚ ȕȖȊțȦ ȔȈȠȐȕț
ǺȘțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ ǵțȎȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȒȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕȣȍ șȘȍȌ-
șȚȊȈ Ǫȣ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȟȤȐ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ șȖȏȌȈȕȈ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȧ" ǹȓț-
ȠȈȑȚȍ Ȏȍ
ǸȈȉȖȚȈȧ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ǻȈȓȤȌȖȔ ȕȈ ȏȈȊȖȌȍ Ȕȣ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ șȖȠ-
ȓȐșȤ ǶȉȈ Ȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȍȓȧȔȐ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȈȍȚ
ȋȓȈȊȕȖȋȖ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ǻȈȓȤȌ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ, ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȧ șȖȞȐȈȓȐș-
ȚȖȔ Ǵȣ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ șȊȖȐ ȕȈțȟȕȣȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȧ ȒȈȗȐȚȈ-
ȓȐșȚȈȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ Ȕȣ ȌȈȓȐ ȉȣ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȕȖȊțȦ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ȕȈȌ ȚȘț-
Ȍȧȡȍȑșȧ ȔȈșșȖȑ Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ țȔȍȘ ȋȓȈȊȈ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȧȚȐȧ Ȋ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȝȖȌȐȓ Ȑ ȕȈȠ ȏȈȊȖȌ — ǬȎȖȕȈȚȈȕ ȀȍȜȜȍȘș Ǫșȍ ȍȋȖ
ȉȈșȕȖșȓȖȊȕȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȗȍȘȍȠȓȖ Ȓ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȌȖȟȍȘȐ
ȔȐșș ȅȊȍȓȐȕȍ ǹȒȖȘȖ Ȗ ȕȍȑ șȚȈȓȐ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȧȚȤșȧ ȊȍșȤȔȈ
șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ șȓțȝȐ ǶȕȈ ȓȐȒȊȐȌȐȘȖȊȈȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȖȚȞȖȊșȒȐȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȧ-
ȚȐȧ șȖȉȘȈȓȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓ Ȋ 20 ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȖȊ ȗȘȖȌȈȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȌȖȔȈ
Ȑ ȖșȚȈȊȐȊ șȍȉȍ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȊȐȓȓț ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȖȏȍȘȈ ǶȕȚȈȘȐȖ
ȎȐȓȈ ȏȈȚȊȖȘȕȐȞȍȑ ǫȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȋȘțșȚȐȚ șȓȖȊȕȖ ț ȕȍȍ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȋȖȘȍ
ǹ ȕȖȊȣȔ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȖȔ ȏȈȊȖȌȈ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȓȈȌȐȓȐ Ȑ ȖȉȈ țȠȓȐ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȔȣșȓȤ ȗȖȍȝȈȚȤ Ȓ ȔȐșș ȀȍȜȜȍȘș Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ț ȕȍȍ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒț ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ Ȑ ȕȈ ȖȗȣȚȣ
ǻȈȓȤȌ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ țșȗȍȝȍ ȕȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȉȖȌȘȧȓȖ ȖȌȕȖ ȖȉșȚȖȧ-
ȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȅȊȍȓȐȕȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȎȍȘȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȒȘțȗȕțȦ șțȔ-
Ȕț ȕȈ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȒț ȏȈȉȈșȚȖȊȡȐȒȖȊ Ƕȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȑ ȗȐșȈ-
ȓȐ Ȋ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ ș ȕȍȋȖȌȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓȐ ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘ-
ȌȍȘȠț șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȍȑ Ǩ ȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ șȍȉȍ ©Ǵȣ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖ șȖȑȌȍȔ-
șȧªǹ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȚȘțȌȖȔ țȌȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ǻȈȓȤȌț ȌȖȉȐȚȤșȧ ȗȘȐ-
ȍȔȈ Dz ȕȈȔ ȊȣȠȓȈ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȘȈșȐȊȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȉȓȍȌȕȈȧ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȋȘțșȚȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ǪȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȌȊȐ-
ȎȍȕȐȧȝ ȍȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈșȤ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȤ ȒȈȒ ț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȐȓȐ ȘȈȏȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȇ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȐȚȤ Ȓ
Ȍȍȓț ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȑ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ ȞȍȓȤ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȧ ȅȊȍȓȐȕȈ
ȊȣșȓțȠȈȓȈ ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȖ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȈ Ȑȋ-

43
ȘȈȧ ȒȐșȚȤȦ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȖȋȖ ȠȕțȘȒȈ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȍȍ ȚȈȓȐȦ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ Ȑ ȖȌȍȚȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ — Ȋ ȒȈȗȖȚ Ȑȏ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ȞȊȍȚ-
ȕȖȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȐ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȕȈ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ©Ǵȕȍ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȕȍ ȎȈȓȤ Ȑ ȧ ȖȝȖȚ-
ȕȖ ȐșȚȘȈȟț Ȑȝ Ȋșȍ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋȣ Ȕȍȕȧ șțȔȍȓȐ țȊȍȘȐȚȤ
ȟȚȖ ȊȈȠȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȗȘȐȕȍșȍȚ ȌȖȉȘȖ Ȉ ȕȍ ȏȓȖ ȓȦȌȧȔ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȐ ȐȏȖ-
ȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȒȖȔț ȎȐȊȍȚșȧ ȖȚ ȕȐȝ ȓțȟȠȍ" ǷȘȍȌȗȘȐ-
ȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȐ ȕȈȎȐȊȈȦȚ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȗȖȓȤȏțȦȚ-
șȧ ȊșȍȔȐ ȉȓȈȋȈȔȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȉ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖ ȋȖȓȖȌȈȍȚ DzȈȎȌȈȧ
ȕȖȊȈȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȖȚȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȖȒ ț șȖȚȍȕ ț Țȣșȧȟ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ
ȇ ȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȔȐȚȐȕȋ ȈȕȈȘȝȐșȚȖȊ ǶȌȐȕ ȖȘȈȚȖȘ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȓșȧ
ȚȈȒ ³ǫȈȌ ȗȖȘȖȎȌȈȍȚ ȋȈȌȈ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȚ ȕȖȊțȦ ȔȈȠȐ-
ȕț ǴȕȖȋȐȍ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ țȎȍ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȗȖșȚȘȖȐȚȤ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȉȍȏ ȗȈ-
ȘȖȊȣȝ ȔȖȓȖȚȖȊ ȉȍȏ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȟȍșȒȐȝ șȚȈȕȒȖȊ ǻȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȔ Ȋșȍ
ȖȘțȌȐȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌșȚȊȈ ȊȍȘȕȍȔșȧ Ȓ ȘțȟȕȖȔț ȚȘțȌț Ȑ Ȕȣ șȌȍȓȈȍȔ-
șȧ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈȔȐ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ Ȉ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȐșȚȣ ȗȖȋȐȉȕțȚª Ǫȣ șȒȈ-
ȎȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȘȍȌ" ǵȖ Ȗȕ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȍȚ ȋȓțȉȖȟȈȑȠțȦ ȐșȚȐȕț
ǴȈȠȐȕȈ — ȊȘȈȋ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ Ȉ Ȋȣ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȧ ȗȖȔȖȋȓȈ ȊȈȔ
șȖȏȌȈȚȤ ȕȖȊȣȍ șȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȖȘțȌȐȧ ȏȈȒȈȉȈȓȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȚȘțȌȈ
ǴȖȑ ȖȚȍȞ ȕȈȎȐȓ ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȣ ȇ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȍȋȖ ȅȚȖ ȚȖ Ȏȍ
ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȖȌȍȞ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȦȡȐȑ Ȗ ȟȐșȓȍ țȉȐȚȣȝ Ȑ ȘȈȕȍȕȣȝ
dzȐȠȤ ȉȣ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚȤ ǶȚȞȈ țȉȈȦȒȈȓȈ ȔȣșȓȤ — șȖȏȌȈȚȤ ȖȋȘȖȔ-
ȕȣȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓ șȌȍȓȈȚȤșȧ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȚȍȓȍȔ ȋȘțȌȣ ȏȖȓȖȚȈ Ƕ ȎȍȘȚ-
ȊȈȝ Ȗ ȘȈȏȖȘȍȕȕȣȝ ȐȔ ȕȈ ȉȐȘȎȍ Ȗ ȞȍȓȖȑ ȈȘȔȐȐ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ Ȗȕ
ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȓ ȅȚȖ — ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ȘȐșȒ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȉȍ-
ȌȖȑ ǵȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ" ǵȈȎȐȊȈȚȤ ȍȡȍ" Dz ȟȍȔț" ǪȍȌȤ Ȑ ȚȈȒ
ȧ ȔȖȋț ȉțȒȊȈȓȤȕȖ ȒțȗȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȏȖȓȖȚȍ Ǫ Ȑȕȣȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȏȈȌțȔȈȦșȤ ȕȈȌ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȑ ȕȍșȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖȑ
ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ ȎȐȚȤ dzȦȌȐ — ȉȘȈȚȤȧ ǵȍ ȉȘȈȚȤȧ Ȉ ȏȈȒȓȧȚȣȍ ȊȘȈ--
ȋȐ ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȧ șȌȍȓȈȓȈ ȉȣ ȓțȟȠȍ ȘȈȏȌȈȊ Ȋșȍ ȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȖ
Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȊ ȕȖȊțȦ ȚȘțȌȖȊțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȇȊȐȓșȧ ȉȣ ȐȕȚȍȘȍș ȊȒțș Ȓ
ȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ ǵȖ ȒȖȔț ȘȈȏȌȈȚȤ" ǰ ȕȍ ȗȖșȓțȎȐȚ ȓȐ ȒȖ
ȏȓț ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ" Ǫȣ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȍ ȕȖ ȧ ȖȌȕȈ
Ȑȏ șȈȔȣȝ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ — ȧ
ȕȍȘȍȌȒȖ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȧȓȈ Ȗ șȈȔȖțȉȐȑșȚȊȍ ȇ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ
ȉȘȖșȐȚȤ ȎȐȚȤ ȗȖȌ ȟțȎȐȔ ȐȔȍȕȍȔª
ǪȖȚ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ țșȓȣȠȈȓȐ ȖȚ ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȍȘȠȐ ǺțȚ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓ

44
ȧ ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȈȓ ǻȈȓȤȌ ǵȈȔ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ
ȊȖȏȉțȌȐȚȤ ȊȍȘț Ȋ ȕȖȊȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȐȚȤ ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȣ ȕȈ Ȗș-
ȕȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ Ȉ ȕȈȠȐ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȐȚȤ Ȓ
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔț ȉȓȈȋț ȓȦȌȍȑ
ǷȖȟȍȔț Ȕȣ ȐȏȉȘȈȓȐ ȆȎȕȣȑ ȗȖȓȦș" ǸȈȏȊȍ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ
ȕȈȑȚȐ ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ ș ȚȍȗȓȣȔ ȒȓȐȔȈȚȖȔ ș ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ
țșȓȖȊȐȧȔȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ" ǻȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȕȖȔ
ȠȈȘȍ ȋȌȍ ȉȣ Ȕȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍȏȈȊȐșȐȔȣ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȋȌȍ ȉȣ
ȘȈȕȖ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȖȠȓȐ ©Ȋ șȜȍȘț ȊȓȐȧȕȐȧª ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȣ" ǺȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȍȖȉȐȚȈȍȔȣȍ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ șȚȈȓȐ
ȓȍȋȍȕȌȖȑ ǭșȓȐ șțȡȍșȚȊțȦȚ ȕȍȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ ȚȖ
ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ǵȍ ȕȣȕȟȍ-ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ Ȓț-
șȖȒ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȚȤ ȒȖȔț-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ǰ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȔȐ
ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȔȐ șȚȍȕȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȖȋȘȈȌȐȠȤșȧ ȖȚ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȖȚ Ȑȝ
ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȖȑ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȣ Ȑ ȞȐȊȐȓȐȏȈȞȐȐ
ǯȌȍșȤ Ȕȣ șȈȔȐ șȖȏȌȈȓȐ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȑ țșȓȖȊȐȧ Ȍȓȧ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȕȐȧ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȅȚȖ ȕȈȠȈ ȕȍȖȚȢȍȔȓȍȔȈȧ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ. ǬȈ Ȑ
ȒȚȖ Ȑ ȏȈȟȍȔ ȗȖȑȌȍȚ Ȓ ȕȈȔ" ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȦȌȐ ȖȉȍȏȌȖȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ ȏȈȝȖȚȧȚ ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȖșȍȓȐȚȤșȧ ǪȖȚ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ ǬȈ ©ǷȖȓȧȘ-
ȕȈȧ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȧª șȚȘȈȕȈ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȕȍȏȈȊȐșȐȔȈȧ Ȑ Ȕȣ — ȍȍ ȗȖȓ-
ȕȣȍ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ
ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȒ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȍȚ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȘȐȔȣȔȐ ȋȖȘȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȈȔȐ Ǵȣ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȐ ȎȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ ȒȖȗȐ ȌȘȈȋȖ-
Ȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ ȕȖ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȚȈȔ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ șȓțȠȈȓ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȘȣȊȈȧ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȖȔ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚțȚ
ȊșȚȘȍȗȍȕțȓșȧ
— Ǩ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȉȖȐȚȍșȤ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ" ǬȖȕȖșȈ ȖȚșȦȌȈ ȚțȌȈ
ǯȈ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ Ȑ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȗȓȣȊțȚ ȗȘȐȓȍȚȧȚ ȗȘȐȗȖȓ-
ȏțȚ ȗȖ ȓȍȌȧȕȣȔ ȗțșȚȣȕȧȔ
— DzȖȔț ȕțȎȕȖ ȕȈș ȗȘȍȌȈȊȈȚȤ" Ǫșȍ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ șȟȈ-
șȚȓȐȊȣ ǹȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ ș ȊȕȍȠȕȐȔ ȔȐȘȖȔ Ȕȣ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȔ ȗȖ-
șȘȍȌșȚȊȖȔ ©ǻȚȖȗȐȐª ȏȈ ȥȒȐȗȈȎ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ ȘțȟȈȦșȤ ǭșȚȤ ȍȡȍ
ȌȊȈ ȋȘțȏȖȊȐȒȈ Ȓ țșȓțȋȈȔ ȕȖ ȝȖȏȧȍȊȈ Ȑȝ ȗȖȓțȟȈȦȚ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ
ȜȘȈȝȚ Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈȚ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȔȣȍ ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȒțȌȈ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ
ȅȊȍȓȐȕȈ ȀȍȜȜȍȘș Ȑ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚșȧ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ Ȑ ǻȈȓȤȌ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȑ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȧ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȗșȍȊȌȖȕȐȔ Ȍȓȧ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȝ șȕȖȠȍȕȐȑ —
ǼȖȘșȚȍȘ
ǪȣȝȖȌȧ Ȑȏ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȊȖȗ-

ȘȖș
—ǿȚȖ Ȋȣ ȖȉȖ ȊșȍȔ ȥȚȖȔ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ"
— ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ — ȋȍȕȐȑ — ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓșȧ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑ-
ȕȐȒȖȊ
— ǬȈ Ȗȕ ȋȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȈȊȚȖȘ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȣȝ șȒȈȏȖȒ

46
DZșȎȐȎ Iȃ
ǿȀǾǮǻǮ ǿȅǮǿȀȊȍ
ǵȈșȚțȗȐȓ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȈȘȈȕȚȐȕȈ
ǯȈ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ ȓțȟȠȍ ȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓȐșȤ ȌȘțȋ ș
ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȐ Ȓ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȖȌȍȎȌȍ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȔ țșȓȖ-
ȊȐȧȔ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȚȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȍȏȍȔȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǰ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȥȚȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȖ ȗȖȌ șȚȍȒȓȧȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȒȖȓȗȈȒȖȔ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȖ ȔȖȋȓȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȝ
ȗȍșȒȈȝ ǹȈȝȈȘȣ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȍȚȈȦȡȐȝ ȓȤȌȈȝ ȗȖȓȦșȖȊ ǵȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț
ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȕȈ ǯȍȔȓȍ" ǸȈȏȊȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ©ǷȖȓȧȘȕȈȧ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȧª
șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȓȈȕȍȚȍ ǴȈȘș ȕȈ ǪȍȕȍȘȍ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈ ȗȓȈȕȍ-
ȚȈȝ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȋȖ ȒȘțȋȈ ǵȍȗȚțȕȍ ǻȘȈȕȐȐ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȦȡȐȝ șȊȖȐ
ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȖȘȉȐȚȣ Ȋ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȔ ȝȖȓȖȌȍ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȈȦȡȐȝ ȓȐȠȤ
ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕțȦ ȌȖȓȦ țȚȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȓțȟȍȑ șȖȓȕȞȈ"
©ǷȖȓȧȘȕȈȧ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȧª ȖȚȖȘȊȈȕȈ ȖȚ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ǶȕȈ ȎȐ-
ȊȍȚ Ȋ șȍȉȍ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ șȍȉȧ ȅȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȈ ȕȍșȚȍșȕȍȕȕȖȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ Ȋ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȖȑ ȒȓȍȚȒȍ
ȅȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȖȟȊȈ ȒȓȐȔȈȚ șȈȔȐ țșȓȖȊȐȧ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ Ȑ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ șȖȏȌȈȕȣ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȗȖ-
ȉȍȌȖȑ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȏțȔȈ ȕȈȌ ȋȘțȉȖȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȍȑ Ȑ ȕȈȌ ȕȍȖȉțȏȌȈȕȕȖȑ
șȚȐȝȐȍȑ
ǰ șȈȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȏȌȍșȤ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȗȍȘȍȘȖȌȐȚȤșȧ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȐȚȤ
ȏȖȓȖȚțȦ ȔȍȟȚț ȘȈȊȍȕșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȉȘȈȚșȚȊȈ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȚȤ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȍ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ Ȗ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ Ȗ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȕȍȉȍșȈȝ Ȗ ȕȖȊȖȔ șȖȓȕȞȍ Ȗ
ȞȈȘșȚȊȍ ȌȖȉȘȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȑ ©ȓȍȊ șȚȈȕȍȚ ȍșȚȤ șȖȓȖȔțª
ǪȣȑȌȧ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȈȕȚȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ ȖȟțȚȐȓȐșȤ
ȕȈ ȓȍșȕȖȑ ȗȖȓȧȕȒȍ ǯȌȍșȤ ȘȖșȓȐ ȥȊȒȈȓȐȗȚȣ ȔȐȘȚȣ Ȑ ȘȈȏ-
ȕȣȍ ȉȈȓȤȏȈȔȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧ
ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȚȘȍȝȔȍșȧȟȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȧȘȕȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȏȈȓȐȊȈȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȒȘț-
ȋȖȔ ȧȘȒȐȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ
ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ©ȕȍȉȖª ǵȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȊȣșȖ-
Țȍ ȉȍȏȖȉȓȈȟȕțȦ ȓȈȏțȘȤ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȈ ȗȈțȚȐȕȈ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȒȘȍșȚ-
ȕȈȒȘȍșȚ ȗȍȘȍșȍȒȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȕȐȚȍȑ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȈȧ ș Ȏȍ-
ȓȍȏȕȣȔȐ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚȈȔȐ ȒȘȣȠȈ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȑ ©ȖȘȈȕȎȍȘȍȐ Ȍȓȧ
ȓȦȌȍȑª

48
ǷȘȖȑȌȧ ȓȍșȖȒ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ ȖȟțȚȐȓȐșȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȖȚȖȒȖȔ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȍȕȧșȤ Ȑ ȋȘȖȝȖȟȈ ȕȍșșȧ ȗȖ Ȍȕț ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ ȚȘȍȡȐȕȣ
ǪȐșȧȟȐȑ ȈȎțȘȕȣȑ ȔȖșȚȐȒ ȉȣȓ ȗȍȘȍȒȐȕțȚ ș ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȕȈ
ȉȍȘȍȋ
ǶȚ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖȚȖȒȈ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȓȐșȤ Ȓȓțȉȣ
ȗȈȘȈ Ȑ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȘȍȏȒȐȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ șȍȘȕȐșȚȖȋȖ
ȋȈȏȈ
— ǫȖȘȧȟȐȑ Ȟȍȓȍȉȕȣȑ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǰȊȈȕȖȊ-ǩȍș-
șȖȕȖȊ ȕȈ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣ
— Ƕȕ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȎȈȘȈ ȒȖ-
ȗȍȑ" — ȗȖȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓșȧ DzȖȊȈȓȤ
— ȅȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȊȖȗȘȖș ǵȈ ȦȎȕȖ-ȗȖȓȧȘȕȖȔ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȒȍ ȌȖ șȐȝ
ȗȖȘ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȦȚ ȊțȓȒȈȕȐȟȍșȒȐȍ șȐȓȣ Ǫȣ ȊȍȘȖȧȚ-
ȕȖ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ Ȗ ȦȎȕȖ-ȗȖȓȧȘȕȣȝ ȊțȓȒȈȕȈȝ ȅȘȍȉȍ Ȑ ǺȍȘȘȖȘȍ"
— Ǩ ȕȐȟȍȔ ȕȍ țȋȘȖȎȈȦȚ ȥȚȐ șȐȓȣ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ"
ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȕȍ șȘȈȏț Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȉȣȟȕȣȔ șȚȖȓȤ țȊȍȘȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ Ȉ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȒȖȓȍȉȓȧșȤ
— ȇ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȦ
ǯȈ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȔ ȗȖȚȖȒȖȔ ȘȖșȓȐ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȉȈȓȤȏȈȔȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȌȍȘȍ-
ȊȤȧ ȕȖ ȖȕȐ șȒȖȘȖ șȔȍȕȐȓȐșȤ ȘȈȏȕȖȘȖȌȕȍȑȠȍȑ ȜȓȖȘȖȑ ǶșȖ-
ȉȍȕȕȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȈȓȤȔȣ Ǫșȍ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȍȡȍ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔȐ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȔ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȋ-
ȓȐ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕțȚȤ ȖȕȐ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȘȖșȚȈ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ Ȋ ȚȘȐ ȋȖȌȈ
ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ ȘȈȏȢȧșȕȐȓ Ȑ ȥȚȖ
— ǹȘȍȌȐ țȟȍȕȣȝ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ ȍșȚȤ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏ ǬȍȓȈ-
ȉȘȈȕȠ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ ȐȏțȟȈȦȡȐȑ ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ
ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȚȖȒȖȊ ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȣ ȍȋȖ ȖȗȣȚȣ
ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȗȖȟȊȣ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȗȖșȍȧȕȕȖȍ Ȑ ȗȖșȈȎȍȕȕȖȍ
ȊȣȘȈșȚȈȍȚ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȘȐ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȝ
țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ
ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȗȖȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚ-
ȊȖȔ ȕȈțȒȐ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȦȡȐȔșȧ Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȔȍȓȖȟȐ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ Ȑș-
ȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȍ
— DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȋȣ ȘȈȏȊȖȌȐȚȍ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȓȍȏȕȣȍ"
— ǸȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȇȌȖȊȐȚȣȍ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘȣ ȒțȓȤȚȐȊȐȘțȦȚșȧ
ȓȐȠȤ Ȋ șȈȌȈȝ ©ǬȊȖȘȞȈ ȘȈȏțȔȈª ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔ ȕȈȠț ǨȒȈ-
ȌȍȔȐȦ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȕȈțȒ ǺȖ Ȏȍ șȈȔȖȍ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȍ Ȋ ©ǷȖȓȧȘȕȖȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȐª ȕȐ

49
ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȌȕȖȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ Ǵȣ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȌȖȗțșȚȐȓȐ ȎȐȊȖȚ-
ȕȣȝ ȚȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȌȍȒȖȘȈȚȐȊȕȣȝ ǷȍȊȟȐȝ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖ ȖȗȍȘȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȗȚȐȞ ǸȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȝ ȉȈȉȖȟȍȒ Ǫ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ
ȖȏȍȘȈȝ ȎȐȊțȚ ȌȈȎȍ ȓȧȋțȠȒȐ ǰȝ ȒȖȕȞȍȘȚȣ ȐȕȣȔ ȕȘȈȊȧȚșȧ
Ǩ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȞȣ ȐȔȐ ȓȈȒȖȔȧȚșȧ Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȍ
ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȐ ȝȐȡȕȐȒȖȊ ȕȐ ȏȔȍȑ ȕȐ Ȕțȝ Ȑ ȒȖȔȈȘȖȊ ǵȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ
țȎȍ Ȗ ȗȈȘȈȏȐȚȈȝ ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȈȕȈȓȐȏȣ ȗȖȟȊȣ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ Ȑ ȊȖȌȣ
ȌȖȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȚȊȖȘȕȣȝ ȔȐȒȘȖȖȘȋȈȕȐȏ-
ȔȖȊ
— Ǩ ȖȚȟȍȋȖ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȑȌȍȚȍ Ȓ ȊȍȋȍȚȈȘȐȈȕșȚȊț ȐȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ
Ȓ ȗȐȚȈȕȐȦ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȖȌțȒȚȈȔȐ" ǪȈȠȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȗȖ
șȐȕȚȍȏț ȉȍȓȒȈ
— ǶșȕȖȊȕȖȑ ȕȈȠ ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ ȕȍșȚȍșȕȍȕȐȍ șȊȖȉȖ-
Ȍȣ ǵȈ ȖȉȡȍȔ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȐ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȖȊ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖ ȊȣșȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȏȈ șȖȝȘȈȕȍȕȐȍ ȔȧșȕȖȋȖ ȗȐȚȈȕȐȧ ǬȈ ȊȍȌȤ ȊȍȋȍȚȈȘȐȈȕ-
șȚȊȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȖȉȖșȕȖȊȈȕȖ ȕȈțȟȕȖ ǰȔȍȦȚșȧ Ȑ șȖȓȐȌ-
ȕȣȍ ȊȖȏȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ǻ ȕȈș ȕȍ ȊȖȏȉȘȈȕȧȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȈȓȒȖȋȖȓȤ Ȑ ȚȈȉȈȒ.
Ǫ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȝ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȧȝ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȐșȟȍȏȕȍȚ șȈȔȈ ȕȈȚțȘȈ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȘȖȌȐȚșȧ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ț ȕȈș șȓțȟȈȐ ȗȤȧȕșȚȊȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȕȈȉȓȦ-
ȌȈȓȐșȤ
ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ ȌȖȓȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ ȘȈȏȢȧșȕȧȓ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȍ țșȓȖ-
ȊȐȧ ȎȐȏȕȐ ©ǷȖȓȧȘȕȖȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȐª Ȉ DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȏȓȐȓșȧ
ȅȚȈ șȚȘȈȕȈ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȓȈ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȗȖȒȖȘȕȖȑ ȌțȠȍ
ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȕȍȧșȕȖȍ ȕȖ șȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȕȍȋȖȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ ǷȖ Țȍȓț
ȘȈȏȓȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȌȘȖȎȤ Ȑ șȈȔȐ șȖȉȖȦ ȕȈȗȘȧȋȈȓȐșȤ ȔțșȒțȓȣ ǷȖ-
ȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȈȓȍȚȍȓ ȕȍșȓȣȝȈȕȕȖȑ șȐȓȣ ȞȐȒȓȖȕ
Ȑ șȕȍș ȒȘȣȠț ȖȘȈȕȎȍȘȍȐ ȋȌȍ Ȋ ȓȍȋȒȐȝ ȒȖșȚȦȔȈȝ ȗȘȖȋțȓȐ-
ȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ Țȍȗȓȍ Ȑ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȍ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ
ǪȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȖ ǹȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȚȘȍșȒ ȏȊȖȕ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȣȝ
șȚȍȒȖȓ ǪȘȣȊȈȓșȧ ȗȖȚȖȒȖȔ ș ȊȖȍȔ Ȑ șȊȐșȚȖȔ ȓȍȌȧȕȖȑ ȊȖȏ-
Ȍțȝ DzȓțȉȈȔȐ ȔȍȘȚȊȧȡȍȋȖ Ȑȕȍȧ ȒȘțȚȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ șȘȍȌȐ ȗȈȓȤȔ Ȑ
ȥȊȒȈȓȐȗȚȣ ǰ șȊȍȚȓȣȍ ȖȏȍȘȈ ȖȒȈȑȔȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȉȖȘȌȦȘȖȔ ȏȍȓȍ-
ȓȍȕȐ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȍ ȖȏȍȘȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȒțȗȈȓȐșȤ ȠȈȓȧ Ȑ ȉȘȣȏ-
ȋȈȧșȤ ȌȍȚȐ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȏȈșȚȣȊȈȓȐ ȏȊȖȕȒȐȔ ȒȖȓȦȟȐȔ
ȓȤȌȖȔ
ǰȓȐ ȊȏȘȣȊȣ ȊțȓȒȈȕȐȟȍșȒȐȝ șȐȓ ǯȍȔȓȍȚȘȧșȍȕȐȍ Ǫșȍ Șț-
ȠȐȚșȧ ǶȋȖȕȤ ȗȖȚȖȒȐ ȓȈȊȣ ȋȘȖȝȖȚ ȘȈȏȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȝșȧ Ȋțȓ-
ȒȈȕȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȉȖȔȉ

50
©ǵȍȚ ȊȘȍȌȕȣȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑª ©Ǫșȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖ-
ȓȍȏȕȖȍ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȍ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȍ» — Ǩ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ DzȖ-
ȊȈȓȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȑ ȗȖȓȧȕȒȍ ȊȣȘȈșȚȈȓȈ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȈȧ ȒȘȈȗȐȊȈ ȟȍȘȚȖ-
ȗȖȓȖȝ ȧȌȖȊȐȚȈȧ ȉȍȓȍȕȈ ȀȐȗȍȓȐ ȏȔȍȐ ǯȈ ȋȖȓȣȔȐ ȌȍȚȤ-
ȔȐ ȋȕȈȓșȧ ȈȓȓȐȋȈȚȖȘ ǫȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȒȐ ȊȣȓȐ Ȋ ȟȈȡȍ ȗȈȓȤȔ
Ǫ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȝȐȡȕȣȍ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȖȘȓȖȊ Ȑ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȍȍ ȒȈȘ-
ȒȈȕȤȍ ȊȖȘȖȕȤȧ
©ǹȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȍ» ǰ șȈȔȐ șȖȉȖȑ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȕȈ țȔ ȏȓȣȍ șȓȖ-
ȊȈ ©ǹȓȐȏȕȧȒȐ Ȕțȟȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȊȐ ȎȊȈȟȕȈȧ șȒȖȚȐȕȈ»
ǵȖ ȕȐȟȍȔ ȕȈȘțȎȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȈȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ DzȖȊȈȓȤ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȧȘ-
ȟȍ ȉȓȍșȚȍȓȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȌȈ Șȍȏȟȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ ȉȖȘȖȏȌȣ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȘȚȈ Ȑș-
ȒȘȐȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȌȖȉȘȖȑ țșȔȍȠȒȖȑ
ǪȌȈȓȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ Ȟȍȕ-
ȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖ ȉȍȓțȦ ȒȘȣȠț Ȋ ȜȖȘȔȍ ȒțȗȖȓȈ ȗȖȌ--
ȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȔȖȋȖ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȚȖȕȒȐȝ Ȑȏȧȡȕȣȝ ȒȖȓȖȕȕ DzȘțȋȖȔ ȚȖȓ-
ȗȐȓȐșȤ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȠȓȐ ȋȘțȗȗȈȔȐ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍ-
ȟț ȊȕȖȊȤ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȠȐȔ
— ǵȈș ȎȌțȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ, — Ȋșȧ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȧ Ȋ șȉȖ-
Șȍ ȅȚȖ ȏȌȈȕȐȍ — ȏȈȓ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȖȉȡȐȝ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȑ ȇ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊ-
ȓȦ ȊȈș ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈȔ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȑȚȍșȤ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȑȌȍȚȍ Ȍȓȧ
șȍȉȧ ȓțȟȠȐȔ
ǹȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȖȊ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕțȦ ȒȈȘȚȐ-
ȕț ǭșȓȐ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȍ ©ǷȖȓȧȘȕȖȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȐª ȉȣȓȐ șȊȖ-
ȉȖȌȕȣ ȚȖ ȜȖȘȔȈ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȧȊȓȧȓȈșȤ ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ
Ȍȓȧ Ȋșȍȝ ǺȈȒȖȊȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȍȌȐȕȖȋȓȈșȕȖȍ ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȗȉȡȍ-
ȋȖ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ șȐȔȊȖȓ ȘȈȊȍȕșȚȊȈ DzȖșȚȦȔ Ȑȏ-
Ȕȍȕȧȓșȧ ȓȐȠȤ Ȍȓȧ ȉȍȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ ǶȕȐ ȕȖșȐȓȐ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȍ ȒȈ-
ȗȖȚȣ ǵȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȗȘȐȉȍȋȈ-
ȓȖ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȓȐȠȤ Ȋ Țȍ ȔȍșȧȞȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȜȐȋțȘȈ țȎȍ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȕȍ ȌȖȏȊȖȓȧȓȈ ȕȈȌȍȊȈȚȤ ȔțȕȌȐȘ ȘȈȊȕȖȗȘȈȊȐȧ
Ǫșȧ ȥȚȈ ȚȖȓȗȈ Ȋ ȒțȘȚȒȈȝ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȝ ȗȈȕȚȈȓȖȕȈȝ Ȑ șȈȕȌȈ-
ȓȐȧȝ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȖȊȣȔȐ ȒȖȓȖȕȐ-
șȚȈȔȐ ǵȈ ȕȐȝ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȣ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȋșȍȝ ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȗȍ-
ȠȐȓȐ ȗȖȎȈȚȤ ȘțȒț șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȐȍ
— DzȈȒȐȍ Ȋșȍ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȍ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȍ — ȊȖșȝȐȡȈȓȈșȤ ǪȖșȒȖ-
ȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊȈ
ǽțȌȈȧ ȉȓȍȌȕȈȧ ȍȡȍ Ȋșȧ ȗȘȖȗȐȚȈȕȕȈȧ ȌțȝȖȚȖȑ ȗȍȚȍȘ-

51
ȉțȘȋșȒȐȝ ©ȒȖȔȕȈȚª ȋȌȍ ȖȕȈ ȔțȟȐȓȈșȤ ș ȘȍȉȍȕȒȖȔ ȗȐȚȈȧșȤ
ȒȖȍ-ȒȈȒ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊȈ ȖȚȌȣȝȈȓȈ ȏȌȍșȤ ȌțȠȖȑ Ȑ ȚȍȓȖȔ
ȊȖȏȘȖȌȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȖȑ ȕȈ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǶȕȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȈȒȈȧ Ȏȍ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȈȧ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȒȐ ș
ȘțȔȧȕȞȍȔ ȕȈ ȡȍȒȈȝ ș ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ǰșȝțȌȈȊȠȍȍ
ȚȍȓȖ șȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖȓȕȣȔ Ȑ țȗȘțȋȐȔ ǶȕȈ șȚȈȕȍȚ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȖȑ
ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ șȍȉȍ șȈȔȖȑ Ȑ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȗȣȚȓȐȊȣȍ ȔțȎ-
șȒȐȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣ ǶȕȈ ȍȡȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȎȐȚȤ Ȑ ȓȦȉȐȚȤ ǰ Ȋșȍ ȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȍȑ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ ȌȖȉȘȣȔȐ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȔȐ ȔȐȓȣȔȐ
ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȒȈȒ ȊȖ șȕȍ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȐȏȉȐ-
ȚȈȧ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȘȈȏȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȧȔȐ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȐȋȍȕȚȕȈȧ ȌțȠȈ
ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȐȓȐ ȖȚȘȐȞȈȚȤ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȓȐ ȖȚȌȈȚȤșȧ șȟȈșȚ-
ȓȐȊȖȔț ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȦ ȐȓȐ țșȖȔȕȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȖșțȡȍșȚ-
ȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȋȘȈȔȔȣ-maximum.
Ǩ DzȖȊȈȓȤ Ȋșȍ ȏȓȐȓșȧ
©ǹȚȈȌȖ ȘȈȏȎȐȘȍȊȠȐȝ ȉȈȘȈȕȖȊ ǰȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖ ȉȣ țȏȕȈȚȤ Ȍȓȧ
ȒȈȒȖȑ ȞȍȓȐ ȔȖȘȖȟȈȚ Ȑȝ ȥȚȖȚ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȍȋȖ" ǻȈȓȤȌ"
ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȣ ȐșȚȘȈȟȍȕȣ Ȍȓȧ șȣȚȖȋȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȐȧ
ȚȘȍȝșȖȚ ȐȌȐȖȚȖȊª"
ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ Ȋȏȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȗȖȌȊȍȓ Ȓ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȍ-ȒȖȓȖȕȐ-
șȚȒȍ

— ȅȊȍȓȐȕȈ ȀȍȜȜȍȘș ȕȈ ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȈ
ȕȈȠȈ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȧ Ǵȣ Ȋ ȠțȚȒț ȏȖȊȍȔ ȍȍ! ©ȔȐșș ǷȖȓȧȘȕȖȑ
ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȘȐȞȍȑª ǵȍ ȗțȋȈȑȚȍșȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȚȐȚțȓȈ ȅȊȍȓȐȕȈ ȕȍ ȞȈȘ-
șȚȊțȍȚ Ȑ ȕȍ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȚ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȍ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȍȘ-
ȠȐ ȗȣȚȓȐȊȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȗȖ șȚȘȖȋȐȔ ȟȍȘȚȈȔ ȗȘȍ-
ȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ Ȑ ȗȖ ȌȐȊȕȖ șȓȖȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȜȐȋțȘȍ Ȑ ȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ
șȒȈȏȈȓ șȍȉȍ
«ȅȚȖ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȟȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖȋȖ Ȋ
“ǷȖȓȧȘȕȖȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȐ”».

53
DZșȎȐȎ ;
ǻǼǰȉdz ǸǼǹǼǻǶǿȀȉ
ȀȓȐ ȌȕȐ Ȑ ȔȍșȧȞȣ
ǵȖȊȣȍ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕ
©ǷȖȓȧȘȕȖȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȐª DzȈȎȌȣȑ țșȚȘȖȐȓșȧ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȔț ȊȒțșț
©ǷȖȓȧȘȕȈȧ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȧª ȕȍ ȖȚȘȐȞȈȓȈ șȍȔȤȐ ȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȕȈȊȧ-
ȏȣȊȈȓȈ șȍȔȍȑȕȣȑ ȖȉȘȈȏ ȎȐȏȕȐ DzȈȒ ȒȚȖ ȝȖȟȍȚ
©ǶȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȐª ȎȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȝȖȓȖșȚțȦ ȕȖȋț Ȋ ȖȉȡȐȝ ȌȖ-
ȔȈȝ ȋȘțȗȗȐȘțȧșȤ ȗȖ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖșȚȧȔ ȗȖ șȝȖȌșȚȊț ȝȈȘȈȒ-
ȚȍȘȖȊ Ȑ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȑ ȗȖ ȉȍȏȖȚȟȍȚȕȣȔ ȊȏȈȐȔȕȣȔ șȐȔȗȈȚȐȧȔ
ǶȉȡȐȍ ȌȖȔȈ șȖșȚȖȧȓȐ Ȑȏ ȘȧȌȈ șȗȈȓȍȕ Ȗȉȡȍȑ ȏȈȓȣ ȟȐ-
ȚȈȓȤȕȐ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȒțȝȕȐ ȊȈȕȕȣ Ȑ Ț ȗ ǹȍȓȐȓȐșȤ ȔțȎ-
ȟȐȕȣ Ȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȊȗȍȘȍȔȍȠȒț Ǭȓȧ ȘȖȎȍȕȐȞ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȉȡȐȍ
ȗȘȐȦȚȣ ȖȉșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȔț șȓȖȊț ȔȍȌȐȞȐȕșȒȖȑ
ȕȈțȒȐ ǬȍȚȍȑ ©ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȞȣª ȗȘȐ șȍȉȍ ȕȍ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȐ ǰȝ
ȊȖșȗȐȚȣȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȖșȖȉȣȝ țȟȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȧȝ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȍȚȐ ȕȍ ȚȖȋȖ
ȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȈ ȚȖȑ ȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȒȐ Ȉ ©Ȍȍ-
ȚȐ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐª
©ǷȖȓȧȘȕȈȧ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȧª — ȌȍȚșȒȐȑ ȘȈȑ
ǰ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȖȑ ǵȐȋȌȍ ȕȈ ȊșȍȔ șȊȍȚȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ șț-
ȡȍșȚȊȈ ȕȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ șȍȉȧ ȓțȟȠȍ
ǵȖ ȉȣȓȐ Ȑ ©ȖȌȐȕȖȟȕȐȒȐª ȐȕȌȐȊȐȌțȈȓȐșȚȣ ȎȐȊȠȐȍ Ȋ
ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȌȖȔȈȝ ȏȈȔȒȕțȚȣȔȐ șȍȔȤȧȔȐ
ǷȘȖȡȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȖȚȕȍșșȧ Ȓ ȊȖȗȘȖșț ȆșȚțș ȀȊȈȘȞ ǵȐ ȍȔț
ȕȐ ȍȋȖ Ȏȍȕȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ȎȐȚȤ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȟȍȔ șȊȖȍȑ șȍȔȤȍȑ ǩȍșȍȌȣ Ȗ șȖȞȐȈȓȐȏȔȍ Ȑ ȒȖȔ-
ȔțȕȐȏȔȍ — ȖȌȕȖ Ȉ șȍȔȤȧ — ȌȘțȋȖȍ ©ǴȖȑ ȔțȎ ȔȖȧ ȎȍȕȈ
ȔȖȐ ȌȍȚȐ»
ȀȊȈȘȞ ȏȈȎȐȓ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ ȎȐȓ Ȋ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ
ǪȣșȚȘȖȐȓȐ ȍȔț ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȕȖ țȌȖȉȕȣȑ ȌȖȔ ȘȈȏȊȍȓ Ȗȕ
ȘȧȌȖȔ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȖȋȖȘȖȌ șȚȈȓ ȖȚȒȈȘȔȓȐȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȘȖșȍȕȒȈ Ȋ
ȕȈȌȍȎȌȍ ȕȈ ȖȒȖȘȖȒȈ ȏȍȓȤȞȣ Ȑ ȊșȧȒȐȍ ©ȊțȘșȚȣª
ǽȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ Ȋ ȟȐȚȈȓȤȕȦ ȕȈ ȓȍȒȞȐȐ ǪșȍȔ țȔȍ-
ȘȍȕȕȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȖȉȖ ȊșȍȔ ȐȔȍȓ șȊȖȍ șțȎȌȍȕȐȍ DzȈȒ
ȖȗȣȚȕȣȑ șȓȍșȈȘȤ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ Ȋ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȖȑ ȌȊȈ

54
ș ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȖȑ ȟȈșȈ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȖ ȒȕȐȎȒȍ ǩȍȉȍȓȧ ©ǹȖȞȐȈȓȐȏȈ-
ȞȐȧ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈª ǰ ȉȣȓ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊ Ȑ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ șȐȌȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ
șȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȐȒȈ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȐȋȘȈȦȚ ȌȍȚȐ Ȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȔȣșȓȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȒțȘȐȓ ȚȘțȉȒț ǶȟȍȕȤ ȖȌȖȉȘȐȓ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐ ȕȈșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȐ
ȗȖȓȧȘȕȖȋȖ ȔȘȈȒȈ ©ȖȘȈȕȎȍȘȍȧ Ȍȓȧ ȓȦȌȍȑª ȧȘȒȖ ȖșȊȍȚȐȓȈșȤ
ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ șȖȓȕȞȍȔ
ǴȘȈȟȕȣȍ ȐȘȓȈȕȌȞȣ ȌȊȈ ǷȈȚȘȐȒȈ Ȑ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȐȘȓȈȕȌ-
ȒȈ ȗȖșȍȓȐȓȐșȤ ȚȖȎȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȖȔ
ǷȖ-șȍȔȍȑȕȖȔț țșȚȘȖȐȓșȧ Ȑ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȎȐȓ ©ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȔª DzȖ ȊșȍȔț ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȓ-
șȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓșȧ ǵȖ șȈȔ ȟȈȡȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ Ȗȕ șȖ-
șȚȖȧȓ ȗȘȐ țȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȕȖ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȖ-
ȎȍȓȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȑȚȐ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȕȣȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ
ǰȕȎȍȕȍȘ ǻȈȓȤȌ ȗȖȓȦȉȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȦ ȘȍȏȒȖșȚȤ șțȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȕȍȌȦȎȐȕȕȣȑ țȔ ȌȖȗȖȓȕȧȊȠȐȑ ȟȈșȚȖ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȖȒ
șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȐȧ
ǫȖȘȕȣȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ șȖșȚȖȧȓȐ Ȋ ȗȘȖȘȣȚȐȐ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ
Țțȕȕȍȓȍȑ Ȍȓȧ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȣȝ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊ ȦȎȕȖ-ȗȖ-
ȓȧȘȕȖȋȖ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȒȈ
ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȣȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍș DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȗȘȖȧȊȐȓ Ȓ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔ ȘțȌȕȐ-
ȒȈȔ Ȑ ȒȖȗȧȔ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ ǻȈȓȤȌ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠțȦ ȒȓȈȌȖȊțȦ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȐ șȊȈȓȍȕȣ ȋȘțȌȣ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȝ șȓȐȚȒȖȊ Ȑ
ȕȈ ȗȖȓȒȈȝ ȗȖ șȚȍȕȈȔ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȈȓȔȈȏȣ ȘțȉȐȕȣ ȐȏțȔȘțȌȣ Ȑ
ȌȘțȋȐȍ șȈȔȖȞȊȍȚȣ
ǷȘȐ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȐȐ ȒȓȈȌȖȊȈȧ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȗȍ-
ȡȍȘȖȑ ș ȕȍșȔȍȚȕȣȔȐ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȧȘȒȐȝ
ȒȘȈșȒȈȝ țȔȍȓȈ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȚȤ ȀȈȝȍȘȍȏȈȌȈ
— ǪȖȚ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȉȍșȗȖȓȍȏȕȖȍ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȏȈ-
ȌțȔȟȐȊȖ DzȖȊȈȓȤ
— ǷȖȟȍȔț Ȋȣ ȚȈȒ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ" Ǵȣ ȊȍȌȤ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐ-
ȊȈȍȔ șȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ș ȊȕȍȠȕȐȔ ȔȐȘȖȔ ǵȈȔ ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȘȈȏ-
ȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȣ ȐȏȌȍȓȐȧ ǯȈȊȖȌȣ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȦȚ ȕȈȠȐ ȏȈ-
ȒȈȏȣ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐ șȖȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȐ ȚȈȑȕȣ șȚȖȐȚ ȊȍșȤȔȈ
ȌȖȘȖȋȖ ǬȈȓȍȍ ȕȈȠȈ ȋȈȏȍȚȈ ȗȖȓțȟȈȍȚ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȧ ȗȖ ȉȍșȗȘȖȊȖ-
ȓȖȟȕȖȔț ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜț Ȑȏ ǨȊșȚȘȈȓȐȐ ǹȚȈȕȞȐȧ țșȚȘȖȍȕȈ Ȋ șȖ-
ȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȏȈșȍȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ ǬȘțȋȈȧ ȊȚȖȘȖșȚȍȗȍȕ-
ȕȈȧ șȚȈȕȞȐȧ Ȋ ǨȌȍȓȈȐȌȍ ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ — ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȘȈșȝȖȌȣ
ǭȡȍ ȕȍ șȒȖȘȖ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȚ ȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ șȔȖȎȍȔ șȖȊșȍȔ

55
ȖȉȖȘȊȈȚȤ șȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ș ȔȐȘȖȔ Ȑ ȎȐȏȕȤ ©ǷȖȓȧȘȕȖȑ ȐȔȗȍ-
ȘȐȐª șȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ șȈȔȖȌȖȊȓȍȦȡȍȑ ȕȍ ȕțȎȌȈȦȡȍȑșȧ ȕȐ Ȋ ȟȍȔ
ȐȏȊȕȍ
ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȖșȊȧȡȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȔ Ȋ ȓȈȉȖȘȈ-
ȚȖȘȐȧȝ ǰȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȧ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊȈ Ȑ ǻȈȓȤȌȈ țȊȓȍȒ-
ȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȏȈȉȣȓ Ȗ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȚȍȖȘȐȧȝ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȈțȟ-
ȕȣȝ ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȐȑ
ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȓȦȉȐȓ Ȗȕ ȉȣȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȖȉșȍȘȊȈȚȖȘȐȐ țșȚȘȖȍȕȕȖȑ
ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ ȗȖȓȦșȍ ǯȌȍșȤ Ȋ ȞȍȕȚȘȍ ȒȘțȋȓȖȑ ȏȈȓȣ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌ ȗȖȓȖȔ ȒȖȓȖȕȒȈ ș ȕȈȌȗȐșȤȦ «90 ȋȘȈȌ. ȦȎȕȖȑ ȠȐ-
ȘȖȚȣª
ȅȚȈ ȒȖȓȖȕȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȏȍȔȕȖȑ ȖșȐ Ȑ
ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊț ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȊȘȈ-
ȡȈȍȚșȧ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋ ȒȘțȋȓȖȑ ȏȈȓȍ ȗȖȟ-
ȚȐ ȔȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ țȎȈș șȓȖȊȕȖ ȏȈȠȍȓ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȏȈȗȘȍȚȕțȦ Ȍȓȧ
ȕȍȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȝ șȊȧȚțȦ șȊȧȚȣȝ ȝȘȈȔȈ Ȑ șȚȖȐȚ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȓȐȞȖȔ
ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ ȚȈȑȕȣ ȊșȍȋȖ șțȡȍȋȖ DzȖȓȖȕȒț ȊȍȕȟȈȓ ȠȈȘ Ȑȏ ȟȐș-
ȚȖȋȖ ȏȖȓȖȚȈ ș ȊȣȚȧȕțȚȣȔ ȚȖȕȒȐȔ ȠȗȐȓȍȔ ȆȎȕȣȑ ȗȖȓȦș
ȉȣȓ șȊȍȌȍȕ Ȓ ȒȖȕȞț ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ Ȑȋȓȣ
DzȘțȋȓȈȧ ȏȈȓȈ ȗȖȔȍȡȈȊȠȈȧșȧ ȕȈ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȔ ȥȚȈȎȍ ©ǬȊȖȘ-
ȞȈ ȘȈȏțȔȈª, ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓȈ ȕȈțȟȕȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ ǵȐȎȍ ȠȓȐ ȖȌȕȈ
ȗȖȌ ȌȘțȋȖȦ ȠȍșȚȤ ȒȖȔȕȈȚ ȚȘȐ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖȌ
ȏȍȔȓȍȦ ȅȚȐ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȕȍȕȣ ȊșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔȐ
ȕȈțȟȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȐȉȖȘȈȔȐ ǵȖ ȍșȓȐ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓ Ȍț-
ȝȖȊȕȖȍ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ țȋȓțȉȓȧȧșȤ Ȋ ȚȈȑȕȣ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ ȕȈȖȉȖ-
ȘȖȚ — șȍȔȍȑȕȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȎȐȏȕȤ ș ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȌȕȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȏȓȈȎȐȊȈ-
ȓȈșȤ
ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ Ȗȕ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ ȊȐȌȧ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ǵȈȚȈȠȈ ȖȎȐȊȈȍȚ
ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȍ ȗȖ ȌȕȧȔ Ȉ ȗȖ ȟȈșȈȔ ǵȖ ȗȖ ȔȍȘȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȏȊȘȈ-
ȡȈȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȑ șȐȓȣ ȕȈȉȍȋȈȓ ȘțȔȧȕȍȞ ȖȒȘțȋȓȧȓȐșȤ ȐșȝțȌȈȊ-
ȠȐȍ ȜȖȘȔȣ ȚȍȓȈ ȖȕȈ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȋșȍ ȕȍȘȊȕȍȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȖȚȕȖȠȍ-
ȕȐȧȝ Ȓ ȔțȎț ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓșȧ ȝȖȓȖȌ ȌȈȎȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉ-
ȕȖȍ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȖ ȗȖȌȟȈș Ȋ ȏȈȉȓȍșȚȍȊȠȐȝ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ
ǪȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȌȖȔȖȑ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ ȟȈșȚȖ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓ Ȏȍȕț
ȋȘțșȚȕȖȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȦȡȍȑ ȕȈ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ
Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȍȑ Ȗ șȊȖȐȝ ȕȈțȟȕȣȝ ȘȈȉȖ-
ȚȈȝ Ȗ șȊȖȐȝ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧȝ ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ țȊȓȍȟȤ ȕȈțȟȕȖȑ ȜȈȕȚȈ-
ȏȐȍȑ Ȑ ȏȈȔȖȓȒȈȓ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȕȐ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈ

56
ǵȈȚȈȠȈ ȕȍ șȚȍșȕȧȧșȤ ȏȍȊȈȓȈ Ȑ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖ ȉȐȓȈ ȕȖȋȖȑ Ȗȉ
ȗȖȓ
«ǬȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ Țȣ ȒȖȕȟȐȠȤ"» — șȒȊȖȏȐȓȖ Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȍȍ
ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȐ Ȋ ȚȖșȒȓȐȊȖ ȏȈșȚȣȊȠȍȔ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ Ȋ ȏȓȣȝ
șȒțȟȈȦȡȐȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ
Ǫ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȌȕȐ ǵȈȚȈȠȈ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓȈșȤ șȊȖȍȔț ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊț ȊȖ-
ȏȐȓȈșȤ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ țȉȐȘȈȧ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȊȖșȝȐȡȈȓȈșȤ ȗȘȍȐȔț-
ȡȍșȚȊȈȔȐ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȓȐȚȣ ȐȋȘȈȓȈ ș ȘȍȉȍȕȒȖȔ Ȉ ȔțȎȈ
ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȈ ȊȍșȍȓȈȧ Ȋșȧ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ șȊȍȚȓȈȧ
ǵȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ șȣȚȖȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȈȌȖȍȓȖ
— ǯȕȈȍȠȤ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȧ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȗȘȖȊȖȏȐȓȈșȤ ș DzȖȓȍȑ Ȑ ȕȍ
ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȈ ȖȉȍȌȈ ȗȖȑȌȍȔ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ șȚȖȓȖȊțȦ
ȅȚȖ șȚȈȓȖ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȚȤșȧ Ȋșȍ ȟȈȡȍ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȊȖȠȓȖ Ȋ ȖȉȣȟȈȑ
ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȠțȔȕȣȝ ȖȉȍȌȖȊ ȕȈ ȓȦȌȧȝ ȕȖ
ȗȘȐȔȐȘȐȓșȧ
©ǵȍ șȐȌȍȚȤ Ȏȍ ǵȈȚȈȠȍ Ȋșȍ ȌȖȔȈª
ǹȍȘȤȍȏȕȈȧ șțȗȘțȎȍșȒȈȧ șȞȍȕȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȈ ȗȖ ȗȖȊȖȌț ȚȖȋȖ,
ȟȚȖ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊȈ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ șȍȉȧ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȔȈȚȍȘȤȦ
— ǵȍ ȝȖȟț ȇ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ǸȍȉȍȕȖȒ
Ȕȍȕȧ șȖȊșȍȔ ȐȏțȘȖȌțȍȚ șȖșȚȈȘȐȚ
— ǴȐȓȈȧ ȕȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȏȈȒȖȕ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ ǭșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ
— ǬȈ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȗȖȟȍȔț Țȣ ȥȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȠȤ ǵȖȊȣȑ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ
ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȕȍȕȧ șȊȧȎȍȚ Ǻȣ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȉȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȍȠȤ
ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȓȐ ȐȓȐ ȧ țȔȐȘȈȦ ȖȚ șȒțȒȐ Ǻȣ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȏȈȕȧȚ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȖȗȣȚȈȔȐ ǹȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ ȒȖȔț ȖȕȐ
ȕțȎȕȣ" ȇ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ șȐȌȍȚȤ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȌȕȐ ȌȖȔȈ ǵȍ ȝȖȎț ȕȈ șȖ-
ȉȘȈȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȊȈȦ Ȋ ȚȍȈȚȘȍ ȕȈ ȔțȏȣȒȍ — ȕȐȋȌȍ
—ǬȈ ȊȍȌȤ Ȑ ȧ ȕȍ ȝȖȎț
— DzȈȒȖȍ Ȕȕȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȌȖ Țȍȉȧ Ǻȣ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ" DzȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ
ȗȖȓȖțȔȕȣȑ ȒȐșȓȧȑ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖșȒț ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȊȖȌȐȠȤ ǵȍ ȝȖ-
ȟț șȓȣȠȐȠȤ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț ȐȔȍȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȌȍȚȍȑ
— ǵȖ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ ȀȊȈȘȞȣ"
— ǵț Ȑ ȎȍȕȐȓșȧ ȉȣ ȕȈ ȕȍȔȒȍ ǹȈȔȈȧ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡȈȧ Ȍȓȧ
Țȍȉȧ ȎȍȕȈ
ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȍ-ȊȘȈȟț ȏȈȊȍȌțȦȡȍȑ
ȗȘȐȦȚȖȔ Ȍȓȧ ȘȖȎȍȕȐȞ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȍȖȌȖȉȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȖȟȒȐ Ȑ țȟȐȚȍȓȤșȒȐȔ ȚȖȕȖȔ ȐȏȘȍȒȓȈ

— ǶșțȡȍșȚȊȓȧȚȤ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȕșȚȊȖ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȖ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ-
Ȕț ȊȣȉȖȘț ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȅȚȖ ȍȍ ȕȍȖȚȢȍȔȓȍȔȖȍ ȗȘȈȊȖ
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȧ — ȖȚȍȞ" ǰȔȍȦ ȧ ȋȖȓȖș"
ǯȈȊȍȌțȦȡȈȧ ȗȘȍȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȜȣȘȒȕțȓȈ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ Ȓ
ȕȍȔț șȗȐȕȖȑ
ǷȖȒȈ ǵȈȚȈȠȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ ȗȘȐȦȚȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ DzȖȓȦ ȗȖȔȍ-
șȚȐȓȐ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ țȟȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȍ Ȍȓȧ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȐȧ ȌȍȚȍȑ
ǪȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ ǵȈȚȈȠȈ Ȋ ȌȖȔȐȒ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȈȧ ȉȖȌȘȈȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȉȖ-
ȓȍȍ ȓȈșȒȖȊȈȧ ȟȍȔ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ
— ǯȕȈȍȠȤ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȕȈȠȍȔț DzȖȓȍ ȚȈȔ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ Ƕș-
ȚȈȊȐȔ ȍȋȖ ȚȈȔ ǪȍȌȤ Ȕȣ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȊȍȠȈȚȤ
ǰ, ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ǵȈȚȈȠȈ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓȈ Ȑ ȊȐȓȈșȤ ȊȖ-
ȒȘțȋ ȔțȎȈ ȗȖȊȐȓȐȒȖȑ ȚȖ DzȖȓȦ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȋ ©ǻȟ-
ȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȐª
ǵȖ, ȘȈȏ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ ȚȍȘȧȓ șȔȣșȓ Ȑ șȍȔȍȑȕȣȑ ȌȖȔ
— ǷȍȘȍȑȌȍȔ ȔȐȓȣȑ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍȎȐȚȐȍ
ǵȖ ȚȈȔ ȎȐȓȐ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ǵȍ-
ȓȤȏȧ Ȏȍ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȐȝ Ȑ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȚȤ șțȗȘțȎȍșȒțȦ șȗȈ-
ȓȤȕȦ ǯȌȍșȤ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȖ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȘȖȑ-
ȚȐ Ȓ Ȏȍȕȍ
DzȖȔȕȈȚȈ ǵȈȚȈȠȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȈȗȍȘȚȈ ȕȈ ȒȓȦȟ

58
DZșȎȐȎ ;,
ǽdzǾǰǼdz ǽǾdzǿȀȁǽǹdzǻǶdz
ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȍȡȍ ȗȖȓȖȕ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȑ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȖȚ șȖȊȔȍșȚȕȣȝ ȘȈȉȖȚ ș ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊȣȔ ǬȈ ȐȔ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ
țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈȑȚȐ șȗȖșȖȉ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȚȤ ȉȍȓȖȒ Ȑȏ ȖȌȕȐȝ ȔȐȕȍ-
ȘȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊ Ȑ Ȗȕ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȖȌȈȓ șȖȊȍȚ ȖȒȈ-
ȏȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȊȈȎȕȣȔ
Ƕȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȋȖȘȌȣȔ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț ǽȖ-
ȚȍȓȖșȤ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ǵȈȚȈȠȍ ǶȕȈ ȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȍȚșȧ ȕȖ
Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȗȖȑȔȍȚ Ȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖȘȈȌțȍȚșȧ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ
ǩȣȓȖ ȚțȚ Ȑ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȊȣȌȊȐȕțȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȠȍȊ-
Ƞȍȑ Ȏȍȕȣ șȚȈȊȠȍȑ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ-
ȌȖșȚțȗȕȖȑ
ǯȈȗȍȘȚȈȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȋ ȎȍȕșȒȖȑ șȗȈȓȤȕȍ Ǫ ©ȖȉȡȍȎȐȚȐȐª ȥȚȖ
ȐȔȍȓȖ șȊȖȍ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ DzȘȖȊȤ ȉȘȖșȐ-
ȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȏȈȠțȔȍȓȈ ȖȉȘȣȊȒȈȔȐ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ Ȑ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȟ-
ȕȣȝ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȕȣȝ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊ ǶȉȖ ȊșȍȔ ȏȈȉȣȓ ǪȖ ȘȚț ȗȍȘȍșȖȝ-
ȓȖ DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȏȈȞȍȗȐȓ ȒȘȦȟȒȖȔ ȏȈ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ
ȚȧȕȍȚ Ȑ ȊȖȚ-ȊȖȚ șȍȑȟȈș Ȋșȍ ȖȉȖȘȊȍȚșȧ
ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȎȌȈȚȤ ǶȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ Ȏȋțȟȍȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ
șȓȈȌȖșȚȘȈșȚȕȖȍ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȒȚȖ" ǬȖȚȘȖȕțȚȤșȧ ȌȖ șȊȍ-
Ȏȍ-ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȑ ȘȈȕȣ șȊȖȍȑ ȉȍȘȍȌȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȌȖ ȉȖȓȐ ȌȖ șțȌȖȘȖȋ
ǻȚȘȈȚȐȓ ȊșȧȒȖȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȍ ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚȊȖ ǮȈȌȕȖ ȗȘȐȓȤ-
ȕțȓ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȓȖȊȐȓ ȠȖȘȖȝȐ ȏȊȖȕȒȖ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȔ șȓțȝȖȔ
șȖȏȌȈȊȈȓ Ȋ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȖȋȖ
ǺȈȒ ȠȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ — ȟȈș ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ — ȉȖȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ȁȍȓȒȕțȓ ȏȈȔȖȒ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ ȖȚșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȓ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖ-
ȓȖȎȕȖȑ șȚȍȕȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȍȊ ȊȍșȤ șȎȈȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ȒȖȠȒȈ ȋȖȚȖȊȧ-
ȡȈȧșȧ Ȓ ȗȘȣȎȒț ǰȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ǵȈȚȈȠȐ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖȑ ȗȖȝȖȌ-
ȒȖȑ ș ȗȈȗȐȘȖșȖȑ Ȋ ȏțȉȈȝ ȊȣȠȍȓ DzȖȊȈȓȤ
ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍȓȍȗȖ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȐȊȈȧ Șț-
ȒȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȍ țȔȍȦȡȐȑ ȌȘȈȚȤșȧ ǩȐȓ ȒțȌȈ ȗȖȗȈȓȖ
— ȗȖ ȗȓȍȟȈȔ ȗȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȗȖ ȋȘțȌȐ
ǹȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ țȌȈȘ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȏȈȝȖȓȖȕțȓȖ
ȖȚ ȈȌșȒȖȑ ȉȖȓȐ Ǫ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȏȈȒȘțȎȐȓȐșȤ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȐȍ ȖȋȕȐ

60
ǷȍȘȍȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ǻȗȈȓ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȕȈ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȍȕȤ-
ȒȐ șȊȈȓȐȓșȧ ȕȈȉȖȒ Ȑ ȏȈȊȣȓ ȌȐȒȖ ȗȖ-ȏȊȍȘȐȕȖȔț
ǵȈȚȈȠȈ Ȋșȧ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȧȝ Ȑ ȖȚșȒȖ-
ȟȐȓȈ ȏȈȒȘȣȊ ȓȐȞȖ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ Ȋșȍ Ȋȣȓ șȐȓȧșȤ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤșȧ Ȑ șȒȖȓȤȏȧ Șț-
ȒȈȔȐ ȗȖ ȓțȎȍ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȉȍȎȈȓȐ ©ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȐª
Ȑ ȕȍ șȕȍșȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞț
ǻ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊȈ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ șȐȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȖȊȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȧ Ȋȣ--
ȉȐȚȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȐȝ ȏțȉȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȘȈȏȔȖȏȎȍȕ ȕȖș
Ǫșȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȏȈȗȓȣȓȖ ȉȈȋȘȖȊȖȑ ȖȗțȝȖȓȤȦ
— DzȈȒȈȧ șȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ șȐȓȈ ț ȥȚȖȋȖ DzȖȊȈȓȧ — ȐȏțȔȓȧȓȐșȤ
ȊȘȈȟȐ.
ǺȈȒȖȋȖ șȓțȟȈȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ ȕȈȕȖșȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț
țȊȍȟȤȧ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ ©ǷȖȓȧȘȕȖȑ
ȐȔȗȍȘȐȐª ǩȣȓȐ ȕȍȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ șȚȖȓȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȌȘȈ-
ȒȐ șȓțȟȈȓȐșȤ ȕȖ ȊȘȈȋȐ ȔȐȘȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȖ Ȗȉ-
ȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȈ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍ ȚȖ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȐȏțȘȖȌȖȊȈȕ
ȕȈ ȊșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǪȘȈȟȐ ȖȗȈșȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȑ șȐȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȘȊȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȗȖȚȘȧșȍȕȐȧ ǩȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȉȘȍȌȐȓ ȇȊȓȧȓȈșȤ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ȗșȐ-
ȝȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȘȈșșȚȘȖȑșȚȊȈ ǬȍȓȈȉȘȈȕȠ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȐȚȤ ȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȐȔ ȖȔȍȋȈ-ȓțȟȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȧȡȐȍ ȟțȌȖȌȍȑșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȓȐȧ-
ȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț Ȑȝ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȐȓȐ ǬȍȓȈȉȘȈȕȠ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȊȖș-
ȚȖȘȋȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓșȧ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȑ șȓțȟȈȑ
ǵȖ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȘȍȠȐȚȤ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ ȒȈȒ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦ-
ȡȈȧ ȗȐșȈȕȣȝ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȊ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȖȚȕȍșȚȐșȤ Ȓ ȗȖșȚțȗȒț DzȖȊȈȓȧ
ǵȈ ȖȉȡȍȔ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȖ
©ǰȏȉȘȈȚȤ șțȌȍȑ ȗȖȘțȟȐȚȤ ȐȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍșȚȐ șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ Ȑ ȌȖ-
ȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȣ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȍȚ ȗȘȐ-
ȋȖȊȖȘ ȕȈȌ DzȖȊȈȓȍȔ ȗțȚȍȔ ȊșȍȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȓȖșȖȊȈȕȐȧª
ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ ǻȈȓȤȌ Ȑ ȅȊȍȓȐȕȈ ȐȏȉȘȈȕȕȣȍ șțȌȤȧȔȐ ȖȚȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȐșȤ ǶșȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȐ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ ȐȏȉȍȋȈȓȐ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȖȌȈ Ȓ țȗ-
ȘȍȒț ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ șȚȘȍȔȧȚșȧ ȊȣȌȊȐȕțȚȤșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȓȈȊȍȕșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ ǷțșȚȤ ȕȈȘȖȌ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ șȈȔ ȉȍȏ țȒȈȏȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌșȒȈȏȈ
ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȍȠȈȓȖ ȐȔ ȊȚȘȖȍȔ șȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȚȈȑȕȖȍ șȖȊȍȡȈȕȐȍ
— Ǵȍȕȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȚ ȥȚȖȚ șȓțȟȈȑ — ȕȈȟȈȓ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ —
ǷȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȊȐȎț ȒȈȒ ȊȣȑȚȐ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ.

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— Ƕȉȡȍȍ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ
Ȑȏ ȟȓȍȕȖȊ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ — ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȈ ȅȊȍȓȐȕȈ
— ǵȖ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȐȚȤ" ǹȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȍ ș ȊȕȍȠȕȐȔ ȔȐ-
ȘȖȔ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȊȍșȕȖȦ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȘȐ ȕȍ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ
©ǻȚȖȗȐȧª ȊȖ ȓȤȌȈȝ ȅȚȈȗȕȣȍ ȗțȕȒȚȣ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣ ǷȘȐ ȊșȍȔ
ȎȍȓȈȕȐȐ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȖȚȊȍȏȚȐ șȍȑȟȈș DzȖȊȈȓȧ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ ȗȖȘȚ ǨȊșȚȘȈȓȐȐ ȐȓȐ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȐ ǬȈ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ǵȍ ȝȖȟț
ȕȐ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȚȤ ȕȖ ȊȍȌȤ Ȗȕ ȏȕȈȍȚ Ȋșȍ ȕȈȠȐ ȚȈȑȕȣ
ǰȏȋȕȈȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȖȏȓȖȉȐȚ Ƕȕ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ șȈȔȖȓȦȉȐȊ ǿȚȖ ȍȋȖ țȌȍȘ-
ȎȐȚ ȖȚ ȘȈȏȋȓȈȠȍȕȐȧ ȗȖ șȊȍȚț ȟȚȖ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȚȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȊȖȚ
©ǷȖȓȧȘȕȈȧ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȧª"
— Ǫ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȌȖȉȈȊȤȚȍ — ȊȔȍȠȈȓșȧ ǻȈȓȤȌ — ȕȈȑȌȍȕȖ
ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȎȐȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȏȖȓȖȚȈ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȈȧ Ȑ ȗȓȈȚȐ-
ȕȖȊȈȧ ȘțȌȣ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ
— Ǩ ȕȈȠȐ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȧ" DzȖȊȈȓȤ — ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ
ȏȕȈȦȡȐȑ Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȖȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ țșȊȖȐȚȤ șțȡȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȗȘȖșȚț
ȗȘȖȌȈȚȤ șȍȒȘȍȚ ǻȚȐȓȐȏȈȞȐȧ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖțȋȖȓȤȕȣȝ ȒȖȗȍȑ țȚȐ-
ȓȐȏȈȞȐȧ ȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȖȔȈȋȕȍȚȐȏȔȈ — Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ șȚȈȕȍȚ ȖȉȡȐȔ
ȌȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍȔ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȌȖȉȍȘțȚșȧ Ȑ ȌȖ ȕȈș ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ ȐȓȐ
ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕȞȣ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȧȚșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȘțȉȣȔ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȖȔ ǪȖȚ
ȟȍȋȖ Ȕȣ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȖȎȐȌȈȚȤ ȍșȓȐ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ DzȖȊȈȓȧ ȖȚȊȍ-
ȏȍȔ ș ȕȈșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍȔ Ȋȍșȍȕȕȍȑ ȕȈȊȐȋȈȞȐȐ ǬȈ Ȑ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ șȚȈ-
ȕȍȔ ș ȕȐȔ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ"
— Ǫȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ — ȘȈȏȢȧșȕȐȓȈ ȅȊȍȓȐȕȈ — ȧ
ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓȈ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȐȏȋȕȈȕȐȍ Ȉ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ
— ǿȚȖ Ȋȣ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȥȚȐȔ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ"
— ȇ ȕȍ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȣȊȈȦ DzȖȊȈȓȧ ȕȖ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ
ȕȈȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȚȖȎȍ țȌȈȘȐȓ ȗȖ ȓȐȞț DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧ-
ȕȐȐ ȏȈȗȈȓȤȟȐȊȖșȚȐ ȅȚȖ ȕȍ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊțȍȚ ȍȡȍ Ȗȉ ȐșȗȖȘȟȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȐ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȖșȚȐ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȚțȘȣ ǰȏȋȕȈȕȐȍ — șȓȐȠȒȖȔ
ȚȧȎȍȓȖȍ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ǹȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ șȘȖȒ.
— ǺȖ ȍșȚȤ"
— ǺȖ ȍșȚȤ ș ȕȐȔ ȕȍ ȉțȌțȚ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ ȊȖȏ-
ȌȍȘȎȈȚșȧ ȖȚ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍȕȐȧ ǶȚ ȘȈȉȖȚ Ȗȕ ȚȖȎȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȖȚ-
șȚȘȈȕȍȕ ǷțșȚȤ ȎȐȊȍȚ Ȋ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖ ǸȈȏțȔȍȍȚ-
șȧ ȗȐȡȈ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȐ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȍȚ ȉțȌȍȚ ȍȔț ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȚȤ-
șȧ
— ǵȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ șȘȖȒ"

— ǵȈ ȔȍșȧȞ șȈȔȖȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȍ — ȕȈ ȌȊȈ ǪȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȘȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȍ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ
— DzȈȒ ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ ȥȚț ȔȣșȓȤ ȕȈ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȐ"
— Ǫȣ ȐȓȐ ǻȈȓȤȌ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȚȍ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍȔ
— ǵȍȚ ȓțȟȠȍ Ȋȣ șȈȔȐ DzȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ ȚȈȒ ȊȈș ȓȦȉȧȚ
ȅȊȍȓȐȕȈ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓȈșȤ

63
DZșȎȐȎ ;,,
ǻǮǾǼDzǻȉǷ ǿȁDz
ǹ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ ȚȘȐȉțȕȣ ȐȏȉȘȈȕȕȣȍ șțȌȤȐ ȗȘȖȟȓȐ ȖȉȊȐȕȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȋșȍȝ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȖȊ șȖȉȘȈȊ-
ȠȐȝșȧ ȗȖȌ ȉȍȓȣȔ ȒțȗȖȓȖȔ
ǵȈ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȖȉȊȐȕȧȍȔȣȍ DzȖȊȈȓȤ Ȑ ǪȖș-
ȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊȈ
ǷȘȐȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȖȉȊȐȕȧȍȔȖȑ ȊȣȏȊȈ-
ȓȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ șȗȖȘ ǵȖ ȆșȚțș ȀȊȈȘȞ Ȑ ȌȊȖȍ ȌȘțȋȐȝ șțȌȍȑ ȕȈ-
șȚȖȧȓȐ ǷȖ Ȑȝ ȔȕȍȕȐȦ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊȈ ȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȑ ȊȐ-
ȕȖȊȕȐȞȍȑ șȚȖȓȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ȌȊțȝ ȔțȎȟȐȕ ǮȐȊțȡȐȍ șȍȔȤȧȔȐ
ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ Ȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ șȟȐȚȈȓȐ ȚȈȒțȦ ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒț ȊȖȗȘȖșȈ
șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖȑ ǵȖ ȖȌȕȈ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȒȈ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȖȚ ȐȔȍȕȐ
Ȋșȍȝ ©ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊª ș ȏȈȗȘȖșȖȔ
— DzȈȒ ȜȖȘȔțȓȐȘțȦȚ șțȌȤȐ ȖȉȊȐȕȍȕȐȍ ©ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐ-
Ȟȣª ǵȈȚȈȓȐȐ ȘȈȏ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȧ Ȋ ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȍȚ ȗȖȓȕțȦ
șȊȖȉȖȌț ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȑ ȔȍȎȌț ȌȊțȔȧ ȗȖȓȈȔȐ"
ǶȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȍ ȌȈȓ ȆșȚțș ȀȊȈȘȞ
— Ǵȣ ȖȉȊȐȕȧȍȔ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊț ȕȍ Ȋ ȐȏȔȍȕȍ șțȗȘțȎȍ-
șȒȖȑ ȊȍȘȕȖșȚȐ Ȉ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓȈ ȔțȎț Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ
țȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȐ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȔțȎȟȐȕȖȑ Ȑ ȚȍȔ ȊȣȏȊȈȓȈ ȚȘȈȋȐȟȍșȒțȦ
ȘȈȏȊȧȏȒț ǶȕȈ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȤ ǰȕȈȟȍ ȥȚȖ ȧȊ-
ȓȧȍȚșȧ ȖȉȔȈȕȖȔ
DzȖȓȖȕȐșȚȒȈ-ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȞȈ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓȈ șȓȖȊȈ
— Ǫ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȐ șțȌȍȑ Ȕȣ șȓȣȠȐȔ Țȍ șȚȈȘȣȍ ȜȘȈȏȣ ȖȚ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȕȣ țȠȓȐ șȦȌȈ Ȑȏ ȕȍșȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖȑ Ȑ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȑ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ ©ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ ȔțȎț,
ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȤ ȍȋȖª Ǵȣ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȕȈ ȟȓȍȕȖȊ ȕȈ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȖȉȡȍȎȐȚȐȧ ȕȍ ȕȈȓȈȋȈȓȐ ǹȚȈȊ ©ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȈȔȐª
ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊȣ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓȐ ȉȣȚȤ ȔțȎȍȔ Ȑ ȎȍȕȖȑ ǹȈȔȖ ȗȖ-
ȕȧȚȐȍ Ȗ ȉȘȈȒȍ ț ȕȈș ȕȍ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ǩȘȈȒ ȍșȚȤ țȟȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȍ,
ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ ȕȈ ȘȈȉșȒȖȑ ȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖșȚȐ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȕȈ ȏȈȊȐșȐ-
ȔȖșȚȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȖȚ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ Ǵȣ șȟȐȚȈȍȔ ȖȉȈ ȗȖȓȈ șȖȊȍȘ-
ȠȍȕȕȖ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȔȐ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȈȝ Ǵȣ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ șȟȐ-
ȚȈȍȔ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȌȈȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȖȚȟȍȚ ǹțȌȤȐ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȦȚ

64
ȟȚȖ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊȈ ©ȖȉȔȈȕțȓȈ ȔțȎȈª ȅȚȖ șȓȖȊȈ ȕȍ Ȑȏ ȕȈ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȓȍȒșȐȒȖȕȈ Ǵȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȔȈȕȣȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȚȖȔț
ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȍȔ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘȈ ȐȓȐ șȖȋȓȈȠȍȕȐȧ șȊȧ-
ȏȣȊȈȦȡȍȋȖ șȊȖȉȖȌț ȗȖșȚțȗȒȖȊ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ǵȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȔ
ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ©ȔțȎª ©ȎȍȕȈª șȓȖȊ ȥȚȐȝ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ țȗȖȚȘȍȉ-
ȓȧȍȔ Ȑ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȑ Ȉ ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊ ș ȕȐȔȐ
ȕȍ șȊȧȏȣȊȈȍȔ ©ǶȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȞȈª ǵȈȚȈȓȐȧ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȓȈ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ
Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ DzȖȊȈȓȧ — ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȍȍ ȓȐȟȕȖȍ Ȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ
ȒȘȖȔȍ Ȑȝ ȌȊȖȐȝ ȕȍ ȒȈșȈȦȡȍȍșȧ ǬȊȍȘȤ ȖȕȈ ȏȈȗȍȘȓȈ Ȑ șȓȍ-
ȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȓȈ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȟȚȖ ȊȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȕȍȓȤ-
ȏȧ ȅȚȖȋȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ Ǫ ȖȉȊȐȕȍȕȐȐ ©ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȐȞȣª ǵȈȚȈȓȐȐ Ȕȣ ȊȐȌȐȔ ȗȖȒțȠȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ șȊȖȉȖȌț ȖȉȡȍȎȐ-
ȚȐȧ Ȑ ȋȖȘȧȟȖ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚțȍȔ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ șț-
Ȍȍȑ ȆșȚțș ȀȊȈȘȞ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ț șȍȉȧ ȌȖȔȈ ©ǴȖȧ ȎȍȕȈ,
ȔȖȐ ȌȍȚȐ ȔȖȑ ȗȖȘȖșȍȕȖȒª ȅȚȖ ȌȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȓȐȠȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ
ȐȏȉȈȊȐȓșȧ ȖȚ ȉțȘȎțȈȏȕȣȝ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȑ Ȗ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ǵȖ ȉț-
ȌțȟȐ ȐȏȉȘȈȕ șțȌȤȍȦ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȗȘȈȊȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ș ȕȈȔȐ
ȧȏȣȒȖȔ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȋȖ ȉȦȘȋȍȘȈ Ǵȣ ȚȘȍȉțȍȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȖȗȘȖș Ȗ
ȗȘȍȌȈȕȐȐ șțȌț ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊȖȑ ȉȣȓ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕ ȕȈ ȉȈȓȓȖ-
ȚȐȘȖȊȒț ǷȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȍȔ șȓȍȌțȦȡțȦ ȜȖȘȔțȓț ©ǬȖȓȎȕȈ ȓȐ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕȈ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȎȌȈȚȤ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ ȔțȎȟȐȕț ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȉȣȓȈ
ȉȓȐȏȒȈ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȎȍȓȈȍȚ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ
ȔțȎȟȐȕț"ª
ȆșȚțș ȀȊȈȘȞ ȉȣȓ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȊȖȏȔțȡȍȕ
— ȇ ȕȍ ȕȈȝȖȎț șȓȖȊ ȇ ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȚȖȧȓ ȏȈ șȊȧȚȣȍ ȗȘȐȕȞȐ-
ȗȣ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ ȏȈ șȖȞȐȈȓȐȏȔ ȇ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȦ șȊȖȉȖȌț ȓȦȉȊȐ ǵȖ
ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȟȍșȚȕȣȔȐ ȕȈȌȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ
ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ șȒȘȣȊȈȚȤ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȗȖȚȐȝȖȕȤȒț ȥȚȖ — ȖȉȔȈȕ
Ǵȍȕȧ ȖȉȖȏȊȈȓȐ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȔ ȉȦȘȋȍȘȖȔ șȔȍȧȓȐșȤ ȕȈȌ ȔȖȍȑ
șȍȔȤȍȑ țȗȘȍȒȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȘȖșȍȕȒȖȔ ȇ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț ȉȣȚȤ șțȌȤȍȦ
Ȑ țȝȖȎț Ȑȏ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ
ǵȈ ȚȘȐȉțȕț ȊȖȠȍȓ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ
— ǻșȗȖȒȖȑȚȍșȤ ȀȊȈȘȞ — ȗȘȖȏȊțȟȈȓ țȔȐȘȖȚȊȖȘȧȦȡȐȑ
ȘȖȊȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȝȐȔȐȒȈ — ǹȊȖȉȖȌȈ ȔȕȍȕȐȑ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ
ǺȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȉȈȓȓȖȚȐȘȖȊȒȐ ȧ șȟȐȚȈȦ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȣȔ
ȕȖ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȦ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȚȤ ȜȖȘȔțȓț ȕȈ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȘȐȍȔȓȍȔțȦ Ȍȓȧ
Ȋșȍȝ ©ǪȐȕȖȊȕȈ ȓȐ ǵȈȚȈȓȐȧ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊȈ Ȋ șȚȖȓȒȕȖȊȍ-
ȕȐȐ ǷȍȚȘȈ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊȈ Ȑ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȈ DzȖȊȈȓȧ"ª

65
— ǵȍȚ Ȕȣ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ șȖȋȓȈșȕȣ — ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓȈ ȖȘȈȚȖȘȠȈ-
ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȞȈ — ȊȖȗȘȖș ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕ ȗȘȐȕȞȐ-
ȗȐȈȓȤȕȖ
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ©șȍȔȍȑȕȣȍª ȗȘȐȏȕȈȦȚ ȉȘȈȒ Ȉ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ,
Ȑ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘ ǹ Ȑȝ ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ, ȎȍȕȈ ȐȓȐ ȔțȎ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȗȘȍ-
ȌțȗȘȍȎȌȈȚȤ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ Ȗ ȕȈȘțȠȍȕȐȐ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘȈ
— DzȈȒȖȍ ȕȈȔ ȌȍȓȖ ȌȖ ȥȚȐȝ ȖȚșȚȈȓȣȝ ȊȈȘȊȈȘșȒȐȝ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
ȌȖȊ Ǩ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ©șȍȔȍȑȕȖȋȖª" ǺȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȎȍȕȈ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȉȣ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȖȑ" ǵȍ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȓȈ" ǵȍ
șȖȉȓȦȓȈ ȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȐȐ ȕȈȘțȠȍȕȐȧ ȉȘȈȟȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘȈ" ǵȍȚ Ȕȣ
ȚȘȍȉțȍȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈ ȉȍȏȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ǵȣ ȊȣȌȊȐ-
ȋȈȍȔ Ȗȉȡȍȍ ȗȘȈȊȖ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐ ǺȘȍȉțȍȔ ȗȘȐ-
ȚȖȔ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȉȈȓȓȖȚȐȘȖȊȒȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȔțȎȤȧ ȕȍ ȉȖȧȓȐșȤ Ȏȍȕ,
Ȉ Ȏȍȕȣ ȕȍ ȉȖȧȓȐșȤ ȔțȎȍȑ
©ǶȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȐª ȌȖȉȐȓȐșȤ șȊȖȍȋȖ ǰȝ ȜȖȘȔțȓț ȋȖȓȖșȖ--
ȊȈȓȐ Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓșȧ ©ǵȍȚ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȎȌȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȈª
ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊȈ ȊșȚȈȓȈ șȖ șȒȈȔȤȐ ȗȖȌșțȌȐȔȣȝ Ȑ șȔȍȠȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ș ȚȖȓȗȖȑ ©ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊª
ǬȈȓȐ șȓȖȊȖ DzȖȊȈȓȦ Ƕȕ ȗȘȍȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȒȐȕțȓ ȊȏȖȘȖȔ
șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȘȍȟȤ
— ǷȘȖȒțȘȖȘ ȏȈȡȐȚȕȐȒ șțȌȤȐ șȖȊȍșȚȐ ǿȚȖ Ȋȣ ȉțȌȍȚȍ Ȍȍ-
ȓȈȚȤ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ" ǻ ȊȈș ȕȍȚ ȗȐșȈȕȣȝ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȊ ȕȍȚ ȚȦȘȍȔ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȖȠȚȘȈȜȖȊȈȚȤ ǷȖșȈȌȐȚȍ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖȌȊȈȓ ȕȈ
ȝȓȍȉ ȕȈ ȊȖȌț" ǷȖȗȘȖȉțȑȚȍ ǩȍȏ ȕȈșȐȓȐȧ ȧ ȕȍ ȌȈȔșȧ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȏȈșțȟȐȓ ȘțȒȈȊȈ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ șȊȖȐ ȎȐȓȐșȚȣȍ șȓȖȊ-
ȕȖ Ȑȏ ȉȘȖȕȏȣ ȖȚȓȐȚȣȍ ȘțȒȐ
— ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȍșȚȤ ȥȚȖ ǬȈ Ȑ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȈȘȍșȚțȍȚȍ" ǪȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ
ȕȈșȐȓȐȍ ȕȈȌ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȤȦ ǰȓȐ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȕȖȘȔȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȔ" ǷȖ dzȖȔȉȘȖȏȖ" ȅȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ țȌȖȉȕȖ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤ ȊȐȕȖȊȕȖ-
ȋȖ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȔ ǰ ȕȈșȐȓȐȍ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ǫșȍ șȈ-
Ȕȣȍ șȊȖȉȖȌȖȓȦȉȐȊȣȍ șȍȑȟȈș ȉȘȖșȧȚșȧ ȒȘțȚȐȚȤ ȘțȒȐ ȕȈȌȍ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȟȕțȦ șȖȘȖȟȒț Ȑ ȉȐȚȤ ǹțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȑ ǹ ȕȐȔ
ȔȖȎȕȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ
ȇ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ Ǵȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȚȘȖȕȤȚȍ Ȑȏț-
Ȋȍȟț țȉȤȦ ǮȐȊȖȑ ȕȍ ȌȈȔșȧ ǷȖȗȘȖȉțȍȔ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ șȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȚȤșȧ ǹȍȑȟȈș Ȋȣ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓȐ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊț ȕȍȊȐȕȖȊȕȖȑ
ǹȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȎȌȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȔțȎȈ"
— DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ ©ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȐª

șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ
Ǫșȍ ȎȌȈȓȐ ȊȏȘȣȊȈ ȕȖ DzȖȊȈȓȤ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȍ șȗțșȒȈȊȠȐȑ
ȋȓȈȏ ș ȅȊȍȓȐȕȣ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȚȐȝȖ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȗțșȚȤ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖ-ȊȈȠȍȔț

68
DZșȎȐȎ ȃIII
ǰǿǽȉȆǸǮ
ǭȡȍ ȕȍ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȓșȧ șȘȖȒ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ DzȖȊȈȓȧ ȒȈȒ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȚȘȧșȍȕȈ ȕȖȊȣȔ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȍȔ
ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ Ȑ ǻȈȓȤȌ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȐȚȤ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒț ȟț-
ȌȖȊȐȡȕȖȋȖ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ ȟȍȘȗȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȦ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖ Ȑȏ ȕȍȐșȚȖȡȐȔȖȋȖ ȏȈȗȈșȈ ȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȈ
Ǫșȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȟȈșȚȐ ȉȣȓȐ țȎȍ ȋȖȚȖȊȣ ȕȖ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȧ șȉȖȘ-
ȒȐ șȔțȡȈȓȈ ȌȈȎȍ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȖȗȣȚȕȖȋȖ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘȈ ȒȈȒ ǻȈȓȤȌ
ǺȘȍȉȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȈȧ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ȚȖȟȕȖȍ șȖȋȓȈșȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȗȖȌȢȍȔȕȣȝ Ȑ ȗȖȌȈȦȡȐȝ ȗȘȐȉȖȘȖȊ Ǫ
ȔȈșȚȍȘȖȊȖȑ ȕȈ ȌȊțȝ ȊȣȠȒȈȝ șȚȖȧȓȐ ǻȈȓȤȌ Ȑ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ Ȑ
ȖȚȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȠȓȖ
ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȖȌȐȕ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȑ ȏȈȔȍȠȒȈȓșȧ Ȑ ǻȈȓȤȌ ȕȍ Ȋȣ-
ȌȍȘȎȈȊ ȖȉȘțȋȈȓ ȍȋȖ
— ǬțȘȈȒ șȓȍȌȐ ȏȈ șȟȍȚȟȐȒȖȔ
ǺȈȒȐȍ ȖȒȘȐȒȐ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘ ȌȈȊȈȓ Ȑ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȕȖ Ȋ ȘȈȏȋȈȘȍ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȣ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ǻȈȓȤȌȈ ȓȦȉȐȓȐ
ȌȈ Ȑ șȈȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȓȍ ȐȏȊȐȕȧȓșȧ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȠȐȉȒȈ ȔȖȋȓȈ
ȗȖȋțȉȐȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȌȍȓȖ
ǵȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ ȖȚȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȐȕȈȟȍ ǷȖșȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȋȖ-
ȓȖșȈ
— ǿȚȖ Ȗȕ ȏȈ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ"
— DzȖȔȈȕȌțȍȚ ȒȈȒ șȖȓȌȈȚȈȔȐ
— ǹȈȔ ȌțȘȈȒ
— DzȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȟȍȘȚȖȊȈ ȏȈȚȍȧ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ, ȚȖȋȖ Ȑ ȋȓȧȌȐ, Ȋșȍȝ
ȕȈș ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȐȚ
—ǬȍȓȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȚȧȚ DzȈȒȖȍ ȥȚȖ ȘȈȊȍȕșȚȊȖ
—ǽȖȏȧȍȊȈ ǽțȎȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȐșȚȖȊ
— ǩȘȖșȐȔ ȘȈȉȖȚț
ǰ Ȋșȍ ȒȈȒ ȖȌȐȕ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȑȏ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȖȑ
ǫȘȖȔȈȌȕȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ ȘțȝȕțȓȈ Ȑ ȘȈȏȉȐȓȈ ȊȌȘȍ-
ȉȍȏȋȐ ȗȖșȚȈȔȍȕȚ Ǫșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȐșȒȖȊȍȘȒȈȕȖ
ǵȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȍ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȌȘțȋȖȔ
ǻȈȓȤȌ Ȑ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ

69
ǶȉȈ ȖșȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȧ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ ȕȈ ȆȎȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȦșȍ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȊȈ-
ȓȐ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȝ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȕȖ-
șȐȓȐ ȈȌșȒțȦ șȚțȎț șȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ ȓȐȠȍȕȐȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ ȗȖ 16 ȟȈ-
șȖȊ Ȋ șțȚȒȐ ȋȐȉȓȐ ȌȍșȧȚȒȈȔȐ ȕȖ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȓȐ șȚȐȝȐȦ Ȑ șȖȏ-
ȌȈȓȐ ©ǷȖȓȧȘȕțȦ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȦª șȚȘȈȕț șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȗȖȌ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȔ
ȒȖȓȗȈȒȖȔ
DzȘȐȒȐ Ȑ ȊȖȗȓȐ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȠȐȍ ȐȏȊȕȍ Ȋ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒțȦ ȏȈșȚȈ-
ȊȐȓȐ Ȑȝ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȚȤ
ǸȈȉȖȟȐȍ ȉȘȖșȐȊ ȘȈȉȖȚț șȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ șȚȈȓȐ ȋȖȘȧȟȖ Ȗȉ-
șțȎȌȈȚȤ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍȌȠȍȍ
ǹȚȘȈșȚȐ ȘȈȏȋȖȘȈȓȐșȤ dzȦȌȐ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȏȊȍȘȍȑ Ȑ Șȣ-
ȟȈȓȐ ȕȈȗȈȌȈȧ ȌȘțȋ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȈ ǶȕȐ ȏȈȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȐȟȐȕț șșȖȘȣ Ȑ
ȖȚȌȈȓȐșȤ ȊȖ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȧ ȉȖȘȤȉȖȑ ǩȍȏȖȘțȎȕȣȍ ȘȈș-
ȗȘȈȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȒțȓȈȒȈȔȐ ǹȓȈȉȣȍ ȒțșȈȓȐșȤ ǻȎȍ ȗȘȖȓȐȓȈșȤ
ȒȘȖȊȤ ǷȖșȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ șȚȖȕȣ ǻȗȈȊȠȐȍ ȉȐȓȐșȤ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ
ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȌȍȘțȡȐȝșȧ
ǻȈȓȤȌ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȕȈȠȍȓșȧ
ǹȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȏȈ ȘțȒț ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊȈ ȊȗȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȋȐȗ-
ȕȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ șȖȕ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȥȚȖȑ țȎȈșȕȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ ȉȍș-
șȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȌȘȈȒȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ-ȉȘȈȚȤȍȊ
— ǹȒȖȘȍȍ Ȓ ȒȘȈȕȈȔ
ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ Ȗȟȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȔȣșȓȤ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ
ǵȍȊȌȈȓȍȒȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȒȖȓȖ-
ȕȐȐ ȒȘȈȕȖȊ ȊȖȌȖȗȘȖȊȖȌȈ șȓțȎȐȊȠȐȝ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȓȐȊȒȐ ȘȈșȚȍ-
ȕȐȑ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȌȘțȋȐȝ Ȟȍȓȍȑ
ǻȈȓȤȌ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȐȊȍȘȕțȓ ȒȐȠȒț Ȉ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓ
ȕȈ ȚȖȓȗț ȔȖȋțȟțȦ șȚȘțȦ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ ȊȖȌȣ
ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȉȣșȚȘȖȍ
ǴȖȒȘȣȍ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȍ ȖȚ ȝȖȓȖȌȈ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȕȍțșȗȖȒȖȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ
ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȍ ȖȗțșȚȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ
Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȧ ȐșȗȖȌȓȖȉȤȧ
ǻȈȓȤȌ ȊȣȏȊȈȓ ȗȖ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕț ȊȘȈȟȍȑ Ȑ șȓțȎȈȡȐȝ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȕȐ-
Ȟȍ ǴȕȖȋȐȍ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȘȈȕȍȕȣȔȐ ȕȖ ȖȗȈșȕȖ ȖȌȐȕ
ȓȐȠȤ ǷȈȚȘȐȒ-ȖȚȍȞ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȌȦȎȐȑ ȀȊȈȘȞ ȗȍȘȍȓȖȔȐȓ Șț-
Ȓț Ȑ ȌȊȈ ȘȍȉȘȈ ǵȈ ȘțȒȈȝ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȈȝ ȏȈȉȍȓȍȓȐ ȗȖȊȧȏȒȐ ǻ ȕȍ-
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȉȔȖȚȈȕȣ ȉȐȕȚȖȔ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȕȈȗȖȌȖȉȐȍ Ƞȓȍ-

70
ȔȖȊ ǬȊȖȐȝ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȖȉȕȈȎȐȚȤ ȌȖ ȗȖȧșȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȍȘȍȊȧ-
ȏȈȚȤ ȕȖȎȍȊȣȍ ȘȈȕȣ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ
ǸȈȏȖȠȓȐșȤ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȓȟȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ șȚȣȌȧșȤ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȓȐ
ǰȘȓȈȕȌȞȈ țȕȍșȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȖșȐȓȒȈȝ ǷȘȐȉȍȎȈȊȠȈȧ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤ-
ȒȈȧ ȅȓȤȏȈ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȘȣȌȈȓȈ ȓȖȔȈȧ ȘțȒȐ
Ǫ ȎȐȏȕȤ ©ǷȖȓȧȘȕȖȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȐª ȊȖȠȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȖȊȖȍ șȚȘȈ-
ȠȕȖȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦȡȍȍ ȐȔȍȕȐ ȕȖ ȧșȕȖ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȔȖȍ
— DzȈȎȍȚșȧ ȕȈȠȍȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȑ ȉȍȏȏȈȉȖȚȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȈ-
șȚțȗȈȍȚ ȒȖȕȍȞ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǻȈȓȤȌ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ ȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ ȔȍșȚȖ ȗȖ-
ȉȖȐȡȈ
— ǯȈȟȍȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȚȈȒ ȔȘȈȟȕȖ — ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ ȖȗȚȐȔȐșȚ
ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ — ǵȈȌȖ ȘȈșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ
— Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȌȖȋȈȌȣȊȈȍȚȍșȤ"
— ǵȍȚ
— ȇ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȗȈȋȈȕȌȈ DzȖȊȈȓȧ ǯȈȟȍȔ Ȋȣ ȍȋȖ
ȗȘȐȊȍȏȓȐ"
— ǵȖ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ" ǪȍȌȤ ș ȕȐȔ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȡȍȕȣ Ȋșȍ șȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ.
— Ǩ Ȋȣ ȘțȟȈȍȚȍșȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȧȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȓ ȕȍȔț
ȕȍ ȝȖȌȧȚ ȕȍ șȖȊȍȡȈȦȚșȧ? ȇ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ DzȖ-

ȊȈȓȧ ȊȣȠȓȈ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊȈ
— ǵț ȥȚȖ — ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ǺțȚ Ȋșȍ ȏȈȗȘȍȚȣ ȉȍșșȐȓȤȕȣ DzșȚȈ-
ȚȐ ȟȚȖ ȍȍ ȔțȎ" ȇ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȞȍȓțȦ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ
— ǬȍȓȈȉȘȈȕȠ țȊȍȘȧȍȚ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȐȚșȧ ǬȈȎȍ șȓȍȌȣ
ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ ȕȈȌȍȍȚșȧ ȐșȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ ȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȖȔ ȗȓȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ Ȗȗȍ-
ȘȈȞȐȐ ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȖȔȍȋȈ-ȓțȟȍȑ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ǯȈȎȐȊȓȍȕȐȍ
ȐȌȍȚ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ǰșȟȍȏȈȍȚ ȖȗțȝȖȓȤ ȒȘȈșȕȖȚȈ ȘȈȕȈ ȏȈ-
ȎȐȊȓȧȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȘțȉȞțȍȚșȧ
— ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ǬȍȓȈȉȘȈȕȠț ȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ — ȋȘțșȚȕȖ ȏȈȔȍ-
ȚȐȓ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ — ǵȖ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȌȘȈȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ ȌȘȈȓȐșȤ ǵȈș-
ȚȖȧȡȐȍ ȏȊȍȘȐ ǬȈ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȚ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȖȌȕȖ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȒȈ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȍȘȍȘȖȌȐȚșȧ ǵȖ ȕȍțȎȍȓȐ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȊșȗȣȠȒȍ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ" Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȚșȧ
ǻȈȓȤȌ ȉȣȓ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȘȈȊ ȖȉȊȐȕȧȧ ǹȈȠȒț DzȖȊȈȓȧ Dz ȕȍ-
Ȕț ©ȖșțȎȌȍȕȕȖȔțª ȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊȈ Ȋșȧ
ȗȖȋȓȖȡȍȕȕȈȧ ȕȖȊȣȔ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȔ ȉȓȐȏȖșȚȐ Ȓ șȐȓȤȕȖ-
Ȕț ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȖȔț ȔțȎȟȐȕȍ Ȓ ȔȖȋțȟȍȔț șȈȔȞț-ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕț
ȚȈȒ ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȔț ȕȈ ȍȍ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȋȖ ȔțȎȈ ȕȍȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȊȖ
ȊșȍȔ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ — Ȋ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ șȐ-
ȓȈȝ ǺȈȔ ȉȣȓȈ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ-ȎȈȓȖșȚȤ ȏȌȍșȤ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ-șȚȘȈșȚȤ
ǵȖ ȍșȓȐ DzȖȊȈȓȧ ȕȍ ȗȖșȍȡȈȓȐ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȧȧ șȊȖȑ
ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘ șȈȔȈ ȗȘȖȞȍȌțȘȈ șțȌȈ ȌȍȘȏȒȐȍ ȘȍȟȐ ȖȉȊȐȕȧȍȔȖȋȖ
ȍȋȖ ȖȋȕȍȊȖȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȣȍ ȎȍșȚȣ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȍ
ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ
DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ©ǷȖȓȧȘȕțȦ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȦª ȗȘȖȕȐȒ Ȑ ȗȖșȍȓȐȓșȧ
Ȋ ȕȍȑ Ȍțȝ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȈ ǷȘȖȚȐȊ ȟȍȋȖ" ȅȚȖȋȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȧșȕȖ ȕȍ șȖȏ-
ȕȈȊȈȓ Ȑ ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȓȖșȤ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȟȈșȚȖ ȉȍȏ șȔȣș-
ȓȈ Ȑ ȗȖȊȖȌȈ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȘȈȏȐȓȖșȤ ȏȈȉȈșȚȖȊȒȖȑ Ȑ ȌȘȈȒȖȑ
DzȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȑȏ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȖȊ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȒȈȒ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȉțȘȐ ȕȈ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȍ ©ǩțȜȜȈȓȖª ȖȉȍȏțȔȍȊȠȐȑ ȘȣȎȐȑ ǼȘȈȕȞ
ȒȘȐȟȈȓ
— ǵȍ ȊȍȘȤȚȍ ȖȉȔȈȕȡȐȒȈȔ-ȉțȘȎțȧȔ Ǵȣ ȉțȌȍȔ Ȑȝ ȗȖȒȖȘ-
ȕȣȔȐ șȓțȋȈȔȐ ȉțȌȍȔ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȧȚȤ Ȑȝ ȋȓțȗțȦ ȉȍȏțȔȕțȦ ȏȈ-
ȚȍȦǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȥȚȐ șȓȖȊȈ șȚȈȓȐ ȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍșȒȐȔȐ

72
DZșȎȐȎ ;,9
ǻdzǼǴǶDzǮǻǻǼdz ǽǼǿdzȇdzǻǶdz
ǶȉȖ ȊșȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȏȈ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ DzȖ-
ȊȈȓȤ ȉȣȓ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȓȍȕ ȟȍȘȍȏ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊț
Dz ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȍ ȗȖȓȦȉȐȊȠȍȑ ȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȔ
ȋȖȘȧȟȍȑ șȚȘȈșȚȐ Ȗȕ ȖȚȕȖșȐȓșȧ șȕȐșȝȖȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȓ Șȍȉȍȕ-
Ȓț ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȖȚȚȍȕȧȧ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌșȚȊȖ șȐȓȤȕȖȋȖ țȔȕȖȋȖ ȔțȎȟȐ-
ȕȣ ȗȍȘȍȌ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȔ ȕȐȏȠȐȔ Ȑ șȓȈȉȣȔ Ǩ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊȈ
ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȖ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓȈ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ ȓȈșȒȈȦȡțȦ ȘțȒț
ǬȘȈȒȈ ȔȍȎȌț ȘȈȉȖȟȐȔȐ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȖȑ Ȋȣȏ-
ȊȈȓȈ ȏȓțȦ țșȔȍȠȒț DzȖȊȈȓȧ
— ǵȈȟȈȓȖșȤ
ǰ Ȗȕ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖ-
ȊȖȑ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȊȌȈȓȤ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ șȒȘȣȚȖȍ Ȍȓȧ ȌȘț-
ȋȐȝǵȈȚȈȠȈ ȗȘȐȎȈȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȓȍȟț
— ǴȐȓȣȑ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȐȔ ȕțȎȕȖ" ǵȐȋȌȍ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ
ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓȐ ȉȣ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȔ ȗȖȓȤȏțȦȚșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ǷȖȓȕȈȧ șȊȖ-
ȉȖȌȈ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȕȍȚ ȋȖșȗȖȌ Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȊ ȕȍȚ ȉȍȌȕȖșȚȐ ȋȖȓȖȌȈ țȕȐ-
ȎȍȕȐȧ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȦȌȈ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ șȟȈșȚ-
ȓȐȊȣȔȐ ȊȍșȍȓȣȔȐ ȇ ȗȖȌțȔȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȖȊȚȖ-
ȘȧȚșȧ țȎȈșȣ ȚȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ ȓȦȌȐ — ȏȊȍȘȐ"
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȘțȒȖȦ ȗȖ ȍȍ șȒȓȖȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȒȍ
— ǫȓțȗȈȧ ȔȖȧ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈ ǸȈȏȊȍ șȈȔȈ Țȣ ȗȘȐȔȐȘȐȓȈșȤ șȖ
©șȟȈșȚȤȍȔª ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȏȈȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȖȔ ǩȍșșȖ-
ȕȖȊȣȔ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȖȔ ǻȈȓȤȌȖȔ Ȑ ȋȖșȗȖȎȖȑ ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȍȘȠȍȑ"
ǻ Țȍȉȧ ȉȣȓ ȔțȎ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ ȊȖȚ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȖȔ șȊȖȍ ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȖ ǿȚȖ
Ȏȍ Țȣ ȕȍ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȓȈșȤ" ǷȖȟȍȔț ȏȈȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ"
—ȇ ȗȖȓȦȉȐȓȈ Țȍȉȧ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ǬȖȗțșȚȐȔ ȟȚȖ șȍȑȟȈș Țȣ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȈ ǵȈȌȖȓȋȖ
ȓȐ" ǪȍȌȤ ȒȖȕȟȐȚșȧ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȕȈȌȖȍȌȐȔ Ȑ ȕȈ-
ȟȕȍȔ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ǬȈ ȘȈȏȊȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍ-
ȔȖȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȋșȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ" ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒț șȐȓȤȕȖȔț ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȔț ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒț ȕțȎȕȈ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ ȕțȎȕȖ ȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȖȌȖ-
ȓȍȚȤ ǬȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȗȖȌȘȈȚȤșȧ ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ

73
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȊȣȚȧȕțȓ ȘțȒț șȎȈȚțȦ Ȋ ȒțȓȈȒ Ȑ ȉȓȍșȕțȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ-
ȔȐ ǵȈȚȈȠȈ ȗȖȘȣȊȐșȚȖ ȖȉȕȧȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȠȍȦ
— Ǻȣ — ȔȖȑ șȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ
ǰ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȋțȉȣ Ȑ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȧșȤ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓȈ
— ǹȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ Ǩ ȧ Țȍȉȧ ȕȍ ȉȖȦșȤ ȕȍ ȉȖȦșȤ
ǪȌȘțȋ DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȖȚȚȖȓȒȕțȓ ȍȍ ȘȍȏȒȐȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ǵȈȚȈ-
ȠȈ Ȋșȧ ȘȈșȒȘȈșȕȍȊȠȈȧșȧ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȗȤȧȕȣȔȐ ȖȚ șȚȘȈșȚȐ Ȗȋ-
ȓȧȕțȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ǹȓȍȋȒȈ șȔțȚȐȊȠȈȧșȧ ȗȘȐ ȊȐȌȍ ȕȍȎȕȖȑ șȞȍȕȣ șȚȖȧȓȈ
ȊȏȧȊȠȐșȤ ȘțȒȖȦ ȏȈ ȒȖșȧȒ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȅȊȍȓȐȕȈ ȀȍȜȜȍȘș Ȑ șȓȖȊ-
ȕȖ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȈȓȈșȤ ȗȍȘȍșȚțȗȐȚȤ ȗȖȘȖȋ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓșȧ ȊȍșȤ ȕȈȗȘțȎȐ-
ȕȐȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ȏȔȍȧ șȚȈȊȠȈȧ ȕȈ ȝȊȖșȚ ǷȖ ȓȐȞț ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓȐ
ȚȍȕȐ ȉȘȖȊȐ șȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȕȈ ȓȉț ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȐȓȈșȤ ȋȓțȉȖȒȈȧ ȗȖ-
ȗȍȘȍȟȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȏȌȈ ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ǵȈȚȈȠȈ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ
ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ ȖȚ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȚȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȓȖșȈ:
— ǿȍȔ ȖȉȧȏȈȕ"
—ȇ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ Ǵȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ș ȊȈȔȐ
— Ǩ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ©ǷȖȓȧȘȕȈȧ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȘȐȞȈª ȔȐȓȖșȚȐȊȖ ȗȖ-
șȍȡȈȍȚ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȕȣȝ ǷȘȈȊȖșțȌȐȍ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȔȐȓȖșȍȘȌȐȍ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȖȚȊȍșȐȓ ȕȐȏȒȐȑ ȠțȚȖȊșȒȖȑ ȗȖȒȓȖȕ
ȅȊȍȓȐȕȈ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȠȈȋȕțȓȈ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȔ Ȏȍ-
șȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓȈ ȘțȒț
— ǩȘȈȊȖ ǰȔȗȍȘȈȚȘȐȞȈ ȕȈȘțȠȈȍȚ ȗȍȘȊȈȧ ȏȈȒȖȕȣ ȖȉȧȏȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ Ȍȓȧ ȍȍ ȗȖȌȌȈȕȕȣȝ
— Ǵȕȍ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȕȈȍȌȐȕȍ
— ǴȖȎȕȖ ǵȈȚȈȠȈ ȖșȚȈȊȤ ȕȈș ǯȈȑȌȍȠȤ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ
ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊȈ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȓȈ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȘȐȠȐȉȓȍȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȊȣȠȓȈ
— ǵȍ ȉȖȑȚȍșȤ ȊȈȠȍ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖȌșȔȖ-
ȚȘȐȚ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȌșȓțȠȈȍȚ ȕȈȠț ȚȈȑȕțȦ ȉȍșȍȌț ȇ ȔȖȋț ȏȈȗȍȘȍȚȤ
ȌȊȍȘȐ ȏȈȊȍșȐȚȤ ȖȒȕȈ
— ȇ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȍȡȍ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȍ ȉȖȧȓȈșȤ
— ǷȖȏȌȘȈȊȓȧȦ Ǫȣ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȣȊȈȍȚȍ șȓȈȊț ȕȍțșȚȘȈȠȐȔȣȝ
ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕȖȒ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ș ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȈȔȐ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȝȘȈȉȘȖȑ
—ǻȔȍȕȧȐȝȕȍȚ
— ǵț ȉȣȓȐ ǰ ȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȕȖȊȣȍ ǻȈȓȤȌ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȊȈ-
Ƞț ȒȓȈȌȖȊțȦ ǺȈȔ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ

74
ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȓȍȎȈȓȖ Ȋ ȉȈȕȒȈȝ ȕȈ ȐȔȧ ȅȊȍȓȐȕȣ ȀȍȜȜȍȘș
— DzȓȈȌȖȊȈȧ — șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ
— ǷȘȈȊȌȈ" ǵȍ ȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȍ ȓȐ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȌȍșȧȚȖȒ-
ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ȌȖȓȓȈȘȖȊ" ǬȈ ȒșȚȈȚȐ ȕȍ țȊȖȓȐȚȍ ȓȐ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȊȍșȕȖȑ Ȋ ȖȚșȚȈȊȒț" ȇ ȗȘȍȌȊȐȎț ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ țȎȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȊȈ-
Ƞȍȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ ȌȖȉȘȖȌȍȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȖȘȖșȧȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȋȣ șȖȉȐȘȈȍ-
ȚȍșȤ ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤ ȌȍȚșȒȐȔȐ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȐȧȔȐ ȏȈ ȌȘȈȒț Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȐȍ
ȗȘȖȊȐȕȕȖșȚȐ
— Ǫȣ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȖȏȓȖȉȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ǶȚȟȍȋȖ Ȋȣ ȚȈȒ ȕȍ-
ȕȈȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ" ǪȈȔ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ
ȟțȎȐȍ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ" Ǫȣ ȓȦȉȐȚȍ ȐȏȌȍȊȈȚȤșȧ șȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȌȘțȋȐȝ Ȋ
șȔȍȠȕȖȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ
— ȇ" ǵȍ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȓȐ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȔȍȜȐșȚȖȜȍȓȤșȒȐȝ ȟȍȘȚ Ȋȣ
Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȗȐșȣȊȈȍȚȍ" dzȦȉȐȚȤ Ȋșȍȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ǵȍȕȈ--
ȊȐȌȍȚȤ — ȚȈȒȎȍ ǭșȚȤ x, y, z, Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ
ȚȖ ȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ǵȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȖ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍșȚȊȖ — Ȋșȍ
ȥȚȖ ȊȣȌțȔȈȓȐ șȍȕȚȐȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȣ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȕȍȚ ǷȘȐȌțȔȈȕȖ Ȍȓȧ țȚȍȠȍȕȐȧ șȓȍȏȓȐȊȣȝ ȓȐȉȍȘȈȓȖȊ Ȑ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ Ȋ ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȍȕȐȐ șțȍȊȍȘȕȣȝ Ȑ ȕȍȊȍȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ
ȐȌȐȖȚȖȊ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȝȖȘȖȠ ȐȓȐ ȌțȘȍȕ ȒȈȒ ȓȐȟ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ǰȕȚȍȘȍșȍȕ șȒțȟȍȕ ȒȘȈșȐȊ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȍȕ țȔȍȕ ȐȓȐ ȋȓțȗ.
ǺȖȓȗȈ ȓȦȌȐ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ — ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ ȋȓțȗȣȝ ǻȔȕȣȑ
ȘȈȊȕȧȍȚșȧ ȗȖȌ ȌțȘȈȒȈ ǵȐȊȍȓȐȘȖȊȒȈ ȗȖȌ ȉȍȏȌȈȘȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ Țț-
ȗȖțȔȐȍ
— Ǫȣ ȗȘȖȗȖȊȍȌȖȊȈȓȐ ȥȚȐ ȐȌȍȐ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȈȔ"
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȘȈșȝȖȝȖȚȈȓșȧ
— ǺȈȒ ȊȖȚ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȈ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȧ Ǫȣ ȧȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȒȈ--
ȟȍșȚȊȍ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȧ" ǵȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȗȖ șȖȊȍȚț ȗțȘȐȚȈȕȐȕȈ ǻȈȓȤ-
ȌȈ ȐȓȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȓȈȡȈȊȖȋȖ ǴȈȕȐȓȖȊȈ — ȝȐȔȐȒȈ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊȈ"
ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȧ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȚȤ ȗȖ ȗțȕȒȚȈȔ ©ǶȉȊȐȕȧȍȔȣȑ DzȖȊȈȓȍȕ-
ȒȖ ȗȘȖȗȖȊȍȌȖȊȈȓȐ ȓȐ Ȋȣ ȊȈȠȐ ȐȌȍȐ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȈȔ"ª Ǫȣș-
ȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȌțȔȈȦ ȕȍ șȚȍșȕȧȧșȤ ©ǪȕȖșȐȓȐ ȓȐ Ȋȣ ȘȈȏȌȖȘ
Ȋ șȘȍȌț ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕ “șȚȘȈȕȣ șȟȈșȚȤȧ”"ª ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȊșȧȒȐȑ
ȕȍȋȓțȗȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ șȘȍȌț ȕȍțȔȕȣȝ ©DzȈȒȐȍ Ȋȣ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖ-
ȊȈȓȐ ȥȚȐȔ ȞȍȓȐ"ª
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȘțȒț ȅȊȍȓȐȕȣ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒ ȌȍȊț-
ȠȒț Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ǫȏȧȓ ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȐ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ șȚȈȓ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ Ȋ ȗȘȍ-
ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ

— DzȈȒȐȍ ȞȍȓȐ" Ǩ ȍșȓȐ ȧ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț ȖȚȊȍȟȈȚȤ ȍșȓȐ ț Ȕȍȕȧ
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȍșȚȤ ȚȈȑȕȣȍ ȞȍȓȐ" ǸȈȏȊȍ ȧ ȖȉȧȏȈȕ ȒȖȔț-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ ȖȚȟȍȚȖȔ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȧȝ Ȑ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȈȝ"
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ șȖȊșȍȔ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ Ȓ ȓȐȞț ȅȊȍȓȐȕȣ
— ǹȒȈȏȈȚȤ"
ǫȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ țȋȖȓȤȧ ǮȈȘȒȖȍ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ȖȉȌȈȊȈ-
ȓȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ǶȕȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȊȠȈȧ ȔțȎșȒȐȝ ȓȈșȒ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȞȍȓțȍȊ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ șȚȘȈȝ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȥȚȐȔ ȌȍȘȏȒȐȔ ȊȓȈșȚȕȣȔ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ǷțȋȓȐȊȖ ȏȈȚȘȍȗȍȚȈȓȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǶȚ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȏȈ-
ȒȘțȎȐȓȈșȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ
dzȐȞȈ ȍȍ ȒȖșȕțȓȐșȤ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȍ ȊȖșȗȈȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȋțȉȣ ȎȈȌȕȣȍ
ȘțȒȐ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓȐ ȗȖ Țȍȓț ǷȖȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȕȍȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ȅȊȍȓȐȕȈ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȈ șȐȓȣ șȖ-
ȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȧȚȤșȧ
Ƕȕ țȎȍ șȘȣȊȈȓ ș ȕȍȍ ȖȌȍȎȌț Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȘȎȍ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȐȘ ȉȍșșȚȣȌȕȖȑ șȚȘȈșȚȐ
ǴțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ-ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȎȍȕșȒȐȑ ȒȘȐȒ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȏȈ ȖȒ-
ȕȖȔ DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȠȈȚȕțȓșȧ ȖȚ ȅȊȍȓȐȕȣ

76
DZșȎȐȎ XV
ǵǮǸǼǻȉ
ǷȘȐȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȋȘțȌȤ ȅȊȍȓȐȕȈ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓȈ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ
DzȖȊȈȓȧ Ȋșȧ ȖȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȈȧ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȐȊȕȣȔ șȚȘȈȝȖȔ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ
ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈșȐȓȐȍȔ ȋȘțȉȖȋȖ șȈȔȞȈ
ǶȚ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȚȣȝ ȔȐȕțȚ ȖȉȐȌȣ Ȑ țȕȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓȖ
ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ ȒȘțȋȖȔ Ȑ ȍȦ
ȊȓȈȌȍȓȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȖȌȕȖ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȗȖȌ
ȏȈȡȐȚț ȌȘțȏȍȑ DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȋȖȕȐȚșȧ ȏȈ ȕȍȦ ȚȧȕțȚșȧ ȟț-
ȌȖȊȐȡȕȖ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ șȓȍȌȖȔ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȍ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ȖȉȎȐȋȈȍȚ
ȏȈȚȣȓȖȒ
ǹȓȖȊȕȖ ȉȍȏțȔȕȈȧ, ȗȘȖȕȍșȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ ȔȐȔȖ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖ-
ȊȖȑ șȐȌȍȊȠȍȑ ȗȖȌ ȌȍȘȍȊȖȔ ȋȖȘȤȒȖ ȗȓȈȟțȡȍȑ ȓȖȔȈȦȡȍȑ Ȋ
ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȐ ȘțȒȐ

77
ǷȖȌȟȐȕȧȧșȤ ȘȍȊȕȐȊȖȔț ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊț ǵȈȚȈȠȈ ȗȖȌȋȓȧ-
ȌȣȊȈȓȈ Ȑ ȗȖȌșȓțȠȐȊȈȓȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ DzȖȊȈȓȤ Ȑ ȅȊȍȓȐȕȈ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ
ȖȌȕȐ ǷȖ-ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓȈ ȗȓȖȝȖ Ȑ șțȡȕȖșȚȤ ȉȍșȍ-
Ȍȣ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȑ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȊ-
Ƞȍȍșȧ șȚȘȈșȚȤȦ ȓȐȞȖ DzȖȊȈȓȧ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȖȉȕȐȔȈȓ Ȑ ȞȍȓȖ-
ȊȈȓ Ȗȕ ȉȐȊȠțȦșȧ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒȈȝ ©ǷȖȓȧȘȕțȦ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȘȐȞțª
ǵȈȚȈȠȈ șȓȈȉȈȧ Ȑ ȉȍȏȊȖȓȤȕȈȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȗȋ-
ȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ șȊȈȓȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȐȓȈ Ȓ
ȏȍȔȓȍ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȎȐȊȠȈȧ ȗȖȌ ȗȘȐȋȘȍȊȖȔ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȑ
ȓȈșȒȐ Ȋ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȍ ȟțȎȌȖȑ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȕȣȝ țȎȈșȖȊ ȕȐ-
ȡȍȚȣ Ȑ ȎȈȓȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȏȧȉȈȕȐȧ Ȋ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȍ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȚȈȓȈ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȑ ȉȍȌȕȖȑ ǵȈȚȈȠȍȑ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȘȍȌȒȖ șȈȔȈ șȍȉȧ
ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ Ȋ ȌȕȐ ȋȖȓȖȌȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȉȍȏȣșȝȖȌȕȖȑ ȕțȎȌȣ
ǬȘțȋțȦ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȉȣ ȋȕȍȊ ț ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȘȍ-
ȓȈșȤ ȉȣ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤ Ȓ ȖȉȔȈȕțȊȠȍȔț ȔțȎȟȐȕȍ. ǪȖș-
ȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋșȧ ȒȖȘȟȐȓȈșȤ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ șțȌȖȘȖȋȈȝ
ȌțȠȍȊȕȖȑ ȉȖȓȐ
ǩȍȌȕȈȧ ǵȈȚȈȠȈ
ǰ șȓȍȏȣ ȓȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȓȐȓȐșȤ Ȑȏ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȏȈșȚȣȓȖ
ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ țȎȈșȈ
ǪȌȘțȋ șȐȓȤȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ȖȉȕȧȓȐ ȍȍ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȌțȝ
ǷȘȐȔȐȘȍȕȐȍ șȖșȚȖȧȓȖșȤ ȉȣșȚȘȖ DzȖȊȈȓȤ șȒȈȏȈȓ șȊȖȐȔ
țȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— ǫȓțȗȍȕȤȒȈȧ ǸȈȏȊȍ Țȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȍȍ țȕȐ-
ȏȐȚȤ? ǰȔȗȍȘȈȚȘȐȞȈ ȇȊȐȓȈșȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ș ȒȈȒȐȔȐ-ȚȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍ-
ȕȐȧȔȐ ȅȚȈ ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȍȘȠȈ ȟȍȘȚ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȈȍȚ Ȗ șȍ-
ȉȍ ǹȚȈȕț ȧ ș ȕȍȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȚȤ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ
ǵȈȚȈȠȍ ȚȈȒ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȑ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓȈ Ǩ ȖșȈ-
ȌȖȒ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȗȘȈȊȌȐȊȖșȚȐ șȓȖȊ DzȖȊȈȓȧ ȖȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȕȍșȓȈ ȒȈȒ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȕȈ ȅȊȍȓȐȕț Ȑ ȊȖȏȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȍȍ șȚȈȓȈ șȟȐȚȈȚȤ
ȊȐȕȖȊȕȐȞȍȑ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ
©ǷȖȓȧȘȕȈȧ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȘȐȞȈª ȊȉȍȎȈȓȈ Ȋȕȍ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖ-
ȘȐȦ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊȈ Ȑ țȗȈȓȈ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȧșȤ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȓȐȠȐȊȠȐșȤ șȖ-
ȏȕȈȕȐȧ ǽȐȔȐȒ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ
ǪșȍȋȌȈ ȟțȊșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ Ȓ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȦ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ
Ȉȝȕțȓ ȗȘȐ ȊȐȌȍ ȅȊȍȓȐȕȣ ǶȌȍȎȌȈ ȍȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ȉȍșșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ ȉȓțȎȌȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȉȍȓȖșȕȍȎȕȖȑ Ƞȍȍ ȈȓȍȓȈ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ

78
ȋȓțȉȖȒȈȧ ȞȈȘȈȗȐȕȈ
ǵȍ șȒȖȘȖ ȅȊȍȓȐȕȈ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ Ȋ șȍȉȧ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȈ șȗȖșȖȉ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ
ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȊȖȏȔțȚȐȓșȧ
ǶȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȖșȚțȗȖȒ DzȖȊȈȓȧ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ Ȗȗ-
ȘȈȊȌȈȕȐȧ
Ǫ ȔȧȋȒȖȑ ȌȖȉȘȖȑ ȌțȠȍ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊȈ ȗȘȖȉțȌȐȓȖșȤ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ
ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ-ȘȣȞȈȘȧ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȡȐȚȐȚȤ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ǯȈȋȖ-
ȘȍȓȐșȤ ȖȋȖȕȤȒȐ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȗȖ ȔțșȒțȓȈȔ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȈȧ
ȌȘȖȎȤ — ȗȘȍȌȊȍșȚȕȐȒ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ȘȈșȗȘȈȊȣ ȖȌȐ-
ȕȈȒȖȊȖȑ ț ȌȐȒȈȘȧ Ȑ ț ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǽȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȗȖȑ-
ȚȐ Ȑ ȖȚȖȔșȚȐȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȦ ȕȈșȐȓȐȍȔ
ǩȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȋȘțȏȕȣȑ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ șȕȐșȝȖȌȐȚȍȓȍȕ Ȑ ȌȖȉȘȖȌțȠȍȕ
ȒȈȒ Ȋșȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȐȓȤȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȖ țȎȈșȍȕ Ȋ ȋȕȍȊȍ ǸȍȠȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ ȗȖȝȖȌȒȖȑ ȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ Ȗȕ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȧȔ ȕȖ ȅȊȍȓȐȕȈ ȗȖȕȧȓȈ
ȍȋȖ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȍ
— ǴȖȑ ȌȘțȋ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȍșȤ ȇ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȕȈșȐȓȐȧ
ȕȖȊȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȐ ǬȈ ȍȡȍ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȋȈȌȐȕ ȗȘȧȔȖ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȈȦȚ
— ǶȗȖȔȕȐȚȍșȤ Ǫȣ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ"
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ, ȗȖ-ȊȈȠȍȔț ȚȈȒ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ" ǰȓȐ ȗȘȐșț-
ȌȐȚȤ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȓ ȔȖȘȈȓȤȕȖȔț ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȦ Ȑȏ ȟȓȍȕȖȊ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ"
Ƕȕ șȔȍȍȚșȧ ȕȈȌ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘȖȔ
— Ǵȣ Ȋșȍ ȚȘȖȍ ȖșȕȖȊȣȊȈȧ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȦ ȏȈȉȣȓȐ Ȗȉ ȖȌȕȖȔ
Ȉ ȥȚȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ ǯȈȉȣȓȐ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȐșȗȖȘȟȍ-
ȕȣ ȐșȒȈȓȍȟȍȕȣ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ Ǵȣ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȐȊȕȣȍ ȌȍȚȐ
ȊȍȘȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ șȌȍȓȈȦȚșȧ șȘȈȏț ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ
ȏȓȖȍ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȏȈȔȘȍȚ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊșȗȣȠȍȒ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȖȊ Ȓ șȚȈȘȖȔț
— ǵȖ Ȋȣ ȊȈș țȕȐȏȐȓȐ Ȋȣ ȍȌȊȈ ȐȏȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȕȈșȐȓȐȧ
ȗȖȏȖȘȈ ǸȈȏȊȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȉȍȏȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȕȣȔ"
— ȇ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȐșȗțȋȈȓȈșȤ ȕȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȚ ȏȓȖȋȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ Ȓ ȕȍ-
Ȕț ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ șȍȑȟȈș ȕȍ Ȗ șȍȉȍ Ȉ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȔ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȋ ȉț-
ȌțȡȍȔ
ǸȈȏȌȈȓȐșȤ ȠȈȋȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȧȝ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ǻȈȓȤȌ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȑ
ș șțȘȖȊȖȑ șȒȓȈȌȒȖȑ ȕȈ ȓȉț
— ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȐȘȓȈȕȌȍȞ ǷȈȚȘȐȒ țȔȍȘ ǹȓȖȔȈȕȖ ȘȍȉȘȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȊ șȍȘȌȞȈ ǵȍ ȗȖȔȖȋȓȐ Ȑ ȖȔȍȋȈ-ȓțȟȐ ǬȍȓȈȉȘȈȕȠȈ Ƕȕ ȊȗȘȖ-
ȟȍȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȟȚȖ ȖȗȖȏȌȈȓȐ ș ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȍȑ

79
— ǷȍȘȊȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤ Ȋ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ — țȕȣȓȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ
— ǰ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȖȚ ȕȈșȐȓȐȧ Ǫ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȘȈ-
Ƞȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȑ ǺȖȟȕȖ șȐȋȕȈȓ ȗȖȌȈȓ ȥȚȖȚ DzȖȊȈȓȍȕȒȖ
ȐȏȉȐȊ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊȈ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȓȖȚȐȕț ȗȘȖȘȊȈȓȖ Ǫ ȗȘȐȔȍ-
ȕȍȕȐȐ Ȓ ȏȈȒȖȕȈȔ ȉțȘȎțȈȏȕȣȝ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊ ț ȕȈș țȎȍ ȕȈȒȖȗȐȓ-
șȧ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȘȧȌ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȑ ȗȖȉȖȐ ș țȊȍȟȤȍȔ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȚȐȊ-
ȕȣȑ ȖȚȒȈȏ ȖȚ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȗȖȊȓȍȒȠȐȑ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȦ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȐȍ ȋȍȕȍ-
ȘȈȚȖȘȈ ȟȚȖ ȋȘȖȏȐȓȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȍȓȧ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȐ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒ ȌȘȈȒȈ ȕȈȕȍșȍȕȐȍ ȘȈȕ ȖȘțȎȐȍȔ ȗȖȉȖȐ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȐȊ-
ȠȐȍ șȔȍȘȚȤ
— ǷȘȐȉȈȊȤȚȍ ȗȖȒțȠȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȐȏȕȈșȐȓȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ
— DzȈȒ" Ƕ ȟȍȔ Ȋȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ"
ǻȏȕȈȊ, Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ ǻȈȓȤȌ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȓ Ȑ șȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȧ șȍȉȧ
ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȎȈȓ ȏțȉȣ ǺȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȈȔ ȖȉȔȈȕȣȊȈȧ șȍȉȧ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓ
ȌȘțȎȉȖȑ Ȓ ȅȊȍȓȐȕȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȠȓȖ Ȋ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȟțȊșȚ-
ȊȖ ǵȖ, ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ șȐȓȤȕȖȑ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȖȑ ȘȈșȣ Ȗȕ șȘȈȏț
Ȋȏȧȓ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌȈȓ ȊȖȓȐ ȋȖȚȖȊȖȑ ȘȈȏȉțȠȍȊȈȚȤșȧ ȒȘȖ-
ȊȐ
— Ǫ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȈ-
ȔȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȊȣȌȊȐȕțȓȈ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȤ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȏȈ-
ȒȖȕȖȊ Ȑ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȐ țȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ǵȣ ȎȐȊȍȔ Ȋ ȐȏȖȓȐȘȖȊȈȕ-
ȕȖȔ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍ ȕȖ ȖȕȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȖȔ Ȉ ȕȍ ȈȘ-
ȝȈȐȟȍșȒȐȔ șȉȖȘȐȡȍȔ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦȡȐȝ ȋȘȈȕȐȞ Ȋ ȗȘȖȧȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȐ șȊȖȐȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȖȊ
ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ DzȈȒ ȘțșșȒȖȔț ȍȔț ȗȘȍȚȐȓȈ
șȈȔȈ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȗ ȘȍȋȓȈȔȍȕȚȈȞȐȐ Ȗȉ ȖȗȍȒȍ ȕȈȌ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȗ
ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȓțȎȈȚ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȖȘț-
ȌȐȍȔ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȈȌ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ
— ǪȖȚ ȟȍȔ ȏȈȊȍȘȠȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈȠȐ ȘȈȌțȎȕȣȍ ȔȍȟȚȣ Ȗ șȚȘȈ-
ȕȍ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ǻȈȓȤȌ
—ǿȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ǭșȓȐ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȐȏȌȈȌȐȔ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȊ ȌȍȓȖ ȖȒȖȕ-
ȟȐȚșȧ șțȌȖȔ dzȐȕȟȈ ǰ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ ȉțȌțȚ ȗȘȈȊȣ ǵȈȌȖ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȖȉȍȘȍȟȤ șȍȉȧ ȖȚ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȑ ǻȗȖȚȘȍȉȐȔ Ȋșȍ ȕȈȠȍ
ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȏȈȒȖȕȣ ©ǷȖȓȧȘȕȖȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȐª ȉȣȓȐ șȈȔȣ-
ȔȐ ȋțȔȈȕȕȣȔȐ ǪȍȌȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈȔȐ ȔȕȖȋȖȊȍȒȖȊȖȑ ȖȗȣȚ ȏȈȒȖȕȖ-
ȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ șȚȘȈȕ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ
ǶșȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȐ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ șȖȏȊȈȚȤ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȌȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ

șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ Ȉ ȗȖȒȈ ȖȚȗȍȟȈȚȈȚȤ Ȑ ȘȈȏȌȈȚȤ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȈȔ ȖȉȢȧș-
ȕȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȏȈȗȐșȒț ș ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȣȔ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȍȔ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍ-
șȚȊȐȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȑ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ DzȖȊȈ-
ȓȧ ǴȣșȓȤ ȐȏȌȈȚȤ ȏȈȒȖȕȣ ȕȈȠȓȈ șȘȍȌȐ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȖȊ șȖȟțȊ-
șȚȊȐȍ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ șȘȍȌȐ ©șȍȔȍȑȕȣȝª ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȈȌȍȧȓȐșȤ ȚȈ-
ȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȖȋȘȈȌȐȚȤ ȗȘȈȊȈ șȍȔȤȐ Ȑ șțȘȖȊȖ ȖșțȌȐȚȤ ȉȍȏ-
ȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ©ǶȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȐª șȖ șȊȖȍȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ
ȚȈȒȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȟȤ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ țȟȈșȚȐȍ Ȋ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ
țȚȊȍȘȌȐȚȤ ©ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐª
ǩȣȓ ȐȏȉȘȈȕ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȌȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖȗȈ-
ȓȐ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ ǻȈȓȤȌ Ȑ ȅȊȍȓȐȕȈ
ǽȐȔȐȒ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȚȖ ȓțȟȠȍ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȟȤ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐ
Ȑȏ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ ȕȖ ǻȈȓȤȌ ȊȣșȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȘȍȏȒȖ
— ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȍȕȚȐȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȐȟȈȚȤ ǰȕȚȍȓȓȐȋȍȕȞȐȧ ȌȖȓȎ-
ȕȈ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌȐȚȤ

DZșȎȐȎ XVI
ǿǸǮǵǸǮ ǽǾǼ ǯdzǹǼDZǼ ǯȉȅǸǮ
«ǷȖȓȧȘȕȈȧ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȧª ȕȍ ȐȏȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȜȖȘȔ ȖȉȡȍȎȐȚȐȧ șȚȈ-
ȘȖȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ Ȑ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕȍ șȟȈșȚȤȧ Ȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ ȓȦȌȐ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ
Ȗ ȏȈȒȖȕȈȝ Ȗ ȗȘȈȊȈȝ Ȑ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȈȝ Ȗ ȊȓȈșȚȐ Ȗ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȐ Ȑ
ȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȐȐ
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȕȍșȓȖ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ țșȗȖȒȖȍȕȐȍ Ȋ țȔȣ
Ǫ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȕȈ ȖșțȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȊȐȕȖȊȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ ȒȈȎ-
Ȍȣȑ ȔȖȋ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ
— ǪȖȚ ȗȖȋȖȌȐȚȍ ȉțȌțȚ ȐȏȌȈȕȣ ȏȈȒȖȕȣ
ǯȈȒȖȕȣ ǪȏȉțȌȖȘȈȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ ȐșȒȈȓȈ ȖȗȓȖ-
ȚȈ ȒȘȈȍțȋȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȔȕȧ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ
ǵȖ Ȑ șȈȔȣȑ ȗȘȖȞȍșș ȖȉșțȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȊ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ
©ȖȚ ȕȈș ȏȈȊȐșȐȚ ȊȍșȤ șȚȘȖȑ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐª ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȖ ȒȈȎ-
ȌȖȋȖ Ȋ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ Ȑ șȖȏȌȈȊȈȓȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍș Ȍȕȧ
ǮȐȏȕȤ ȋȖȚȖȊȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȖȑȚȐ Ȋ ȒȖȓȍȦ ȖȉȣȌȍȕȡȐȕȣ șȗȖ-
ȒȖȑȕȖȋȖ Ȑ șȒțȟȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȉȓȈȋȈȔȐ Ȋ ©ȖȘȈȕȎȍȘȍȍ Ȍȓȧ
ȓȦȌȍȑª Ȑ șȈȔȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȚȍȗȓȐȟȕȣȍ
ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧ ȏȈȉȣȊȠȐȍ Ȗ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ ȏȈ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ Ȗ ȊȘȈȋȈȝ Ȗ
ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉȕȣȝ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȧȝ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧȊȐȓșȧ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍș — ȐȕȚȍȘȍș șȖȏȐȌȈȕȐȧ
DzȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ șȋȘțȗȗȐȘȖȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȒȘțȎȒȐ ȠȓȐ șȗȖȘȣ Ȋ ©Ȗȉ-
ȡȍȎȐȚȐȧȝª șȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȍ ȔȐȚȐȕȋȐ Ȑ ȊșȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȈ-
ȗȘȖȓȍȚ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȘȍȟȐ
ǷȖȝȖȘȖȕȣ ǷȈȚȘȐȒȈ-ȖȚȞȈ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍ
ȌȈȓȐ ȗȖȊȖȌȈ Ȓ ȕȖȊȣȔ șȚȖȓȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȧȔ ǯȈȒȖȕȖȌȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȒȖ-
ȔȐȚȍȚ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ țșȐȓȍȕȕȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ȏȈ-
ȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȗȘȖȍȒȚ ©ȖșȕȖȊȕȣȝ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȊª ȗȘȐȕȧȚȣȝ ș ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣ-
ȔȐ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȒȈȔȐ ȍȌȐȕȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȊșȍȕȈȘȖȌȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ
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82
ʝʠʜʝʑʜʪʔ ʖʏʙʝʜʪ ʙʝʚʝʜʗʗǡ ʗʛʔʜʢʔʛʝʘ
Ǽʞʝʚʮʟʜʝʘ ʗʛʞʔʟʗʔʘǽ
Ǥʝ˄˜ˋˈ ˒ˑˎˑˉˈːˋˢ
1. ʠ˃ˏ ˗˃ˍ˕ ˒ˑˢ˅ˎˈːˋˢ ː˃ ˔˅ˈ˕ ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈˍ˃ ˔ˑˊˇ˃ˈ˕ ˈˏ˖ ˒˓˃-
˅ˑ ː˃ ˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅ˑ˅˃ːˋˈǡ ˑˇˋː˃ˍˑ˅ˑˈ ˇˎˢ ˅˔ˈ˘ǡ ˅ ˔ˏ˞˔ˎˈ ˒ˑˎ˟-
ˊˑ˅˃ːˋˢ ˄ˎ˃ˆ˃ˏˋ ˉˋˊːˋ ˋ ˔˅ˑ˄ˑˇ˞ ˒ˑ˔˕˖˒ˍˑ˅Ǥ
2. ʞ˓˃˅ˑ ˉˈː˜ˋː˞ ˑˇˋː˃ˍˑ˅ˑ ˔ ˒˓˃˅ˑˏ ˏ˖ˉ˚ˋː˞Ǥ
ʞ ˓ ˋ ˏ ˈ ˚ ˃ ː ˋ ˈ: ˃Ȍ ʝˆ˓˃ːˋ˚ˈːˋˈ ˔˅ˑ˄ˑˇ˞ ˒ˑ˔˕˖˒ˍˑ˅
ˇˑ˒˖˔ˍ˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˎˋ˛˟ ˒ˑ ˑ˕ːˑ˛ˈːˋˡ ˎˋ˙ǡ ːˈ ˇˑ˔˕ˋˆ˛ˋ˘ 18-
ˎˈ˕ːˈˆˑ ˅ˑˊ˓˃˔˕˃ǡ ˍ˃ˍˑ˅ˑˈ ˑˆ˓˃ːˋ˚ˈːˋˈ ˒˓ˈˇ˖˔ˏ˃˕˓ˋ˅˃ˈ˕-
˔ˢ ˑ˔ˑ˄˞ˏ ˊ˃ˍˑːˑˇ˃˕ˈˎ˟˔˕˅ˑˏ ˒ˑˇ ː˃ˊ˅˃ːˋˈˏǣ Ǽʠˋ˔˕ˈˏ˃
˅ˑ˔˒ˋ˕˃ːˋˢǽǤ
bȌ ʝˆ˓˃ːˋ˚ˈːˋˈ ˔˅ˑ˄ˑˇ˞ ˒ˑ˔˕˖˒ˍˑ˅ ˒˓ˋˏˈːˢˈ˕˔ˢ ˍ
˒˔ˋ˘ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋ ˄ˑˎ˟ː˞ˏǡ ˋˇˋˑ˕˃ˏ ˋ ˇˈˆˈːˈ˓˃˕˃ˏǤ
3. ʑˊ˃ˋˏːˑˈ ˑ˕ːˑ˛ˈːˋˈ ˒ˑˎˑ˅ ˔ˑ˅ˈ˓˛ˈːːˑ ˔˅ˑ˄ˑˇːˑǤ
ʞ˓ˋˏˈ˚˃ːˋˈǤʝˆ˓˃ːˋ˚ˈːˋˢ˃ȌˋbȌ˕ˈˉˈǡ˚˕ˑˋ˅
˒ˑˎˑˉˈːˋˋ ͳ ˋ ʹǤ
4. ʝ˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅ˎˈːˋˈ ˏ˃˕ˈ˓ˋː˔˕˅˃ ˒˓ˈˇˑ˔˕˃˅ˎˈːˑ ˔˅ˑ˄ˑˇːˑˌ
˅ˑˎˈ ˉˈː˜ˋː˞Ǥ
5. ʐ˓˃ˍ ˢ˅ˎˢˈ˕˔ˢ ˎˋ˛˟ ˇˑ˄˓ˑ˅ˑˎ˟ːˑ ˒˓ˋːˢ˕ˑˌ ˗ˑ˓ˏˑˌ
˒ˑˎˑ˅ˑˆˑ ˔ˑˉˋ˕ˈˎ˟˔˕˅˃ǡ ːˈ ˔˅ˢˊ˃ːːˑˆˑ ːˋ ˔ ˍ˃ˍˋˏˋ ˑ˔ˑ˄˞ˏˋ
˒˓˃˅˃ˏˋ ˋ ˑ˄ˢˊ˃ːːˑ˔˕ˢˏˋǤ
6. ʓˈ˕ˋ ˅ˑ˔˒ˋ˕˞˅˃ˡ˕˔ˢ ˅ ˑ˔ˑ˄˞˘ ˑ˄˜ˈ˔˕˅ˈːː˞˘ ˖˚˓ˈˉ-
ˇˈːˋˢ˘ ˇˑ ͳͺ-ˎˈ˕ːˈˆˑ ˅ˑˊ˓˃˔˕˃Ǥ
ʞ˓ˋˏˈ˚˃ːˋˈǤʞˑˎˑˉˈːˋˈˠ˕ˑːˈˑˆ˓˃ːˋ˚ˋ˅˃ˈ˕
˒˓˃˅˃ ˓ˑˇˋ˕ˈˎˈˌ ˅ˑ˔˒ˋ˕˞˅˃˕˟ ˇˈ˕ˈˌ ˅ ˔ˈˏ˟ˈ ˇˑ ͹-ˎˈ˕ːˈ-
ˆˑ ˅ˑˊ˓˃˔˕˃Ǥ ʓˑ˒˖˔ˍ˃ˈˏˑˈ ˑ˕˔˕˖˒ˎˈːˋˈ ˏˑˉˈ˕ ˄˞˕˟ǡ ˑˇː˃-
ˍˑǡ ˅˔ˈˆˇ˃ ˒ˈ˓ˈ˔ˏˑ˕˓ˈːˑ ː˃˓ˑˇː˞ˏ ˔ˑ˄˓˃ːˋˈˏǤ

83
7. ʚˋ˚ː˃ˢ ˔ˑ˄˔˕˅ˈːːˑ˔˕˟ǡ ˍ˃ˍ ˋː˔˕ˋ˕˖˕ǡ ˅ˎˈˍ˖˜ˋˌ ˊ˃ ˔ˑ-
˄ˑˌ ˊ˃ˍ˓ˈ˒ˑ˜ˈːˋˈ ˎˋ˚ːˑ˔˕ˋ ˋ ˅ˎ˃˔˕˟ ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈˍ˃ ː˃ˇ ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈ-
ˍˑˏǡ ˄ˈˊ˖˔ˎˑ˅ːˑ ˑ˕˓ˋ˙˃ˈ˕˔ˢǤ
ʞ˓ˋˏˈ˚˃ːˋˈǤ˃Ȍʙ˓ˑˏˈ˔ˑ˄˔˕˅ˈːːˑ˔˕ˋ ˑ˄˜ˈˌǡ
˒˓ˋˊː˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˔ˑ˄˔˕˅ˈːːˑ˔˕˟ ˑ˕ˇˈˎ˟ː˞˘ ˖˚˓ˈˉˇˈːˋˌǡ ˍ˃ˍǡ
ː˃˒˓Ǥǡ ˊˇ˃ːˋˢ ˋ ˋː˅ˈː˕˃˓˟ ˏ˃˔˕ˈ˓˔ˍˋ˘ǡ ˃ ˕˃ˍˉˈ ː˃˖˚ː˞˘
ˋ ː˃˖˚ːˑ-˖˚ˈ˄ː˞˘ ˖˚˓ˈˉˇˈːˋˌǤ
bȌ ʑ˅ˋˇ˖ ˇˑ˒˖˜ˈːˋˢ ˔ˈˏˈˌːˑˆˑ ˑ˄˓˃ˊ˃ ˉˋˊːˋǡ ˇˑ˒˖-
˔ˍ˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˋ ˔ˈˏˈˌː˃ˢ ˔ˑ˄˔˕˅ˈːːˑ˔˕˟ǡ ˍ˃ˍ-˕ˑǣ ˑ˕ˇˈˎ˟ː˞ˌ ˇˑˏ
ˋ ˒˓ˋː˃ˇˎˈˉ˃˜ˋˌ ˍ ːˈˏ˖ ˋː˅ˈː˕˃˓˟Ǣ ːˑ ˕˃ˍˑ˅˃ˢ ˔ˑ˄˔˕-
˅ˈːːˑ˔˕˟ ˢ˅ˎˢˈ˕˔ˢ ˎˋ˛˟ ˅˓ˈˏˈːː˞ˏ ˒ˑˎ˟ˊˑ˅˃ːˋˈˏ ˔ˑ˄˔˕-
˅ˈːːˑ˔˕ˋ ˑ˄˜ˈˌǤ ȋʞˑˇˎˈˉˋ˕ ˒ˈ˓ˈ˔ˏˑ˕˓˖ ː˃˓ˑˇːˑˆˑ ˔ˑ˄˓˃-
ːˋˢ ˒ˑ ˊ˃ˢ˅ˎˈːˋˡ ˒˓ˑ˔˕ˑˆˑ ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˋː˔˕˅˃ǤȌ
8. ʠ˅ˑ˄ˑˇ˃ ˒ˑ˔˕˖˒ˍˑ˅ ˎˋ˚ːˑ˔˕ˋ ˍˑː˚˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˕˃ˏǡ ˆˇˈ ː˃˚ˋ-
ː˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˔˅ˑ˄ˑˇ˃ ˇ˓˖ˆˑˌ ˎˋ˚ːˑ˔˕ˋǤ
ʞ˓ˋˏˈ˚˃ːˋˈǤʞˑˎˑˉˈːˋˈˠ˕ˑ˓˃ˊ˅ˋ˕ˑ˅ˑ˔ˑ˄ˑˏ
ˊ˃ˍˑːˑˇ˃˕ˈˎ˟˔˕˅ˈ ˒ˑˇ ː˃ˊ˅˃ːˋˈˏǣ Ǽʞ˓˃˅˃ ˋ ˑ˄ˢˊ˃ːːˑ˔˕ˋ
ˎˋ˚ːˑ˔˕ˋǽǡ ˃ ˕˃ˍˉˈ ˅ Ǽʢˎˑˉˈːˋˋ ˑ ː˃ˍ˃ˊ˃ːˋˢ˘ ˊ˃ ˒˓ˈ-
˔˕˖˒ˎˈːˋˢ ˒˓ˑ˕ˋ˅ ˎˋ˚ːˑ˔˕ˋǽǤ
9. ʡ˓˖ˇǡ ˢ˅ˎˢˡ˜ˋˌ˔ˢ ːˑ˓ˏ˃ˎ˟ː˞ˏ ˋ ˓˃ˊ˖ˏː˞ˏ ˒˓ˑˢ˅ˎˈ-
ːˋˈˏ ˇˈˢ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ˔˕ˋ ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈ˚ˈ˔ˍˑˆˑ ˑ˓ˆ˃ːˋˊˏ˃ ˋ ˑ˔ːˑ˅ˑˌ
˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈ˚ˈ˔ˍˑˆˑ ˑ˄˜ˈˉˋ˕ˋˢǡ ˒˓ˋˊː˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˑ˄ˢˊ˃˕ˈˎ˟ː˞ˏǤ
ʞ˓ˋˏˈ˚˃ːˋˈǤʞˑˎˑˉˈːˋˈˠ˕ˑ˓˃ˊ˅ˋ˕ˑ˅ˑ˔ˑ˄ˑˏ
Ǽʟ˃˄ˑ˚ˈˏ ˊ˃ˍˑːˑˇ˃˕ˈˎ˟˔˕˅ˈǽǤ
Ǥʞˑˎˑˉˈːˋˢǡ ˍ˃˔˃ˡ˜ˋˈ˔ˢ˔ˑ˄˔˕˅ˈːːˑ
Ǽʞˑˎˢ˓ːˑˌˋˏ˒ˈ˓ˋˋǽ
1. Ǽʞˑˎˢ˓ː˃ˢ ˋˏ˒ˈ˓ˋˢǽ ˈ˔˕˟ ˔˅ˑ˄ˑˇːˑˈ ˋ ːˈˊ˃˅ˋ˔ˋˏˑˈ
˔ˑˉˋ˕ˈˎ˟˔˕˅ˑ ˎˡˇˈˌǡ ˒ˑˇ˚ˋːˢˡ˜ˈˈ˔ˢ ˊ˃ˍˑː˃ˏǡ ˖˕˅ˈ˓ˉˇˈːː˞ˏ
˅˔ˈˑ˄˜ˋˏ ˆˑˎˑ˔ˑ˅˃ːˋˈˏ ˚ˎˈːˑ˅ ˍˑˎˑːˋˋǤ

84
ʹǤ ʭˉːˑ-˒ˑˎˢ˓ː˞ˌ ˏ˃˕ˈ˓ˋˍ ˔ ˈˆˑ ːˈˇ˓˃ˏˋǡ ˅˔ˈ ˅ˑˊ˅ˈˇˈː-
ː˞ˈ ˋ ˏˑˆ˖˜ˋˈ ˄˞˕˟ ˅ˑˊ˅ˈˇˈːː˞ˏˋ ˔ˑˑ˓˖ˉˈːˋˢǡ ˃ ˕˃ˍˉˈ ˋ
˅˔ˈǡ ː˃˘ˑˇˢ˜ˈˈ˔ˢ ˅ ˒˓ˈˇˈˎ˃˘ ˡˉːˑ-˒ˑˎˢ˓ːˑˆˑ ˏ˃˕ˈ˓ˋˍ˃ǡ ˔ˑ˔-
˕˃˅ˎˢˡ˕ ˔ˑ˄˔˕˅ˈːːˑ˔˕˟ ˍˑˎˑːˋˋ ː˃ ˒˓˃˅˃˘ ˑˇˋː˃ˍˑ˅ˑˆˑ ˒ˑˎ˟-
ˊˑ˅˃ːˋˢ ˅˔ˈ˘ ˈˈ ˚ˎˈːˑ˅Ǥ
͵Ǥ ʡ˃ˍ ˍ˃ˍ ˉˋˊː˟ ː˃ ˡˉːˑ-˒ˑˎˢ˓ːˑˏ ˏ˃˕ˈ˓ˋˍˈ ˅ˑˊˏˑˉː˃
ˎˋ˛˟ ˒˓ˋ ˋ˔ˍ˖˔˔˕˅ˈːː˞˘ ˖˔ˎˑ˅ˋˢ˘ǡ ˔ˑˊˇ˃˅˃ˈˏ˞˘ ˄ˎ˃ˆˑˇ˃˓ˢ
ˑ˔ˑ˄˞ˏ ː˃˖˚ː˞ˏ ˑ˕ˍ˓˞˕ˋˢˏ ˋ ˋˊˑ˄˓ˈ˕ˈːˋˢˏǡ ˔ˑ˔˕˃˅ˎˢˡ-
˜ˋˏ ˔ˑ˄˔˕˅ˈːːˑ˔˕˟ ˍˑˎˑːˋˋǡ ˕ˑ ˅˔ˢˍˋˈ ˒˓ˋ˕ˢˊ˃ːˋˢ ː˃ ˕ˈ˓˓ˋ-
˕ˑ˓ˋˡǡ ˊ˃ːˋˏ˃ˈˏ˖ˡ Ǽʞˑˎˢ˓ːˑˌ ˋˏ˒ˈ˓ˋˈˌǽǡ ˔ˑ ˔˕ˑ˓ˑː˞ ˍ˃ˍˑˆˑ-
ˎˋ˄ˑ ˆˑ˔˖ˇ˃˓˔˕˅˃ ˋˎˋ ˑ˕ˇˈˎ˟ː˞˘ ˎˋ˙ǡ ˇˑˎˉː˞ ˄˞˕˟ ˒˓ˋˊː˃-
ː˞ ːˈˊ˃ˍˑːː˞ˏˋǡ ˋ ː˃ ˅˔ˈ˘ ˚ˎˈː˃˘ ˍˑˎˑːˋˋǡ ˄ˈˊ ˋˊ˝ˢ˕ˋˢǡ
ˎˈˉˋ˕ ˑ˄ˢˊ˃ːːˑ˔˕˟ ˑ˘˓˃ː˞ ˋ ˊ˃˜ˋ˕˞ Ǽʞˑˎˢ˓ːˑˌ ʗˏ˒ˈ˓ˋˋǽǡ
˘ˑ˕ˢ ˄˞ ˙ˈːˑˡ ˉˋˊːˋǤ
ǵȖ ȍșȓȐ ȖșȕȖȊȕȣȍ ȏȈȒȖȕȣ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȖȉȡȍȔ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȐ
ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȒȐ ȚȖ ȊȣȘȈȉȖȚȒȈ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȌȈ-
ȚȍȓȤșȚȊ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ©Ƕ ȗȘȈȊȈȝ Ȑ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȖșȚȧȝ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐª
ȊȣȏȊȈȓȈ ȌȖȓȋȐȍ ȗȘȍȕȐȧ
ǹȈȔȣȍ Ȏȍ ȎȈȘȒȐȍ șȗȖȘȣ ȊȣȏȊȈȓȖ ©ǻȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȕȈȒȈȏȈ-
ȕȐȧȝª ǰ ȒȈȒ ȕȐ ȗȣȚȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȌȈȚȍȓȐ șȖȏȌȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȓȐȉȖ
ȕȖȊȖȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȤ ȌȊțȝ ȒȈȘȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȝ ȔȍȘ ȐȏȋȕȈȕȐȍ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ Ȑ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȍ Ȑ ȚȦȘȍȔȕȖȍ ȏȈȒ-
ȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ șȘȖȒȐ
ǹȓȖȊȖ Ȋȏȧȓ DzȖȊȈȓȤ
— ǷȖȏȌȘȈȊȓȧȦ ȊȈș ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ ș ȚȦȘȤȔȖȑ Ȑ șȊȖȌȖȔ ȏȈȒȖ-
ȕȖȊ ǬȈȊȕȖ ȉȣ ȚȈȒ ǷȖȊȚȖȘȐȓȈșȤ șȒȈȏȒȈ ȗȘȖ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȉȣȟȒȈ
ǵȖ ȧ ȝȖȟț șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȍ Ȗ ȚȖȔ Ǫȣ ȌȖȗțșȚȐȓȐ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȉȍȓ Ȋ ȊȈȠȍȔ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȍ Ǩ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȒȈȘȈȚȤ
ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ" ǸȈȏȊȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȓțȟȐȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ
Ȋ ȊȈȠȍȑ ©ǷȖȓȧȘȕȖȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȐª ȕȈȑȌțȚșȧ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȡȐȒȐ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ ȏȈȝȖȚȧȚ țșȚȘȖȐȚȤ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȘȖȚ Ȑ țșȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȐȚȤ șȊȖȑ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ" ȇ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȉȣ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȤ șȔȍȘȚ-
ȕțȦ ȒȈȏȕȤ
Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȔȍȎȌț șȖȉȖȑ Ȗ

DzȖȊȈȓȍ ȊȣșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȔȕȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐ ȖȞȍȕȐȊȈȓȐ
ȍȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȐ
©ǶȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȐª ȖȚȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȖȚȘȐȞȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ǫȘțȉȣȔ Ȑ ȕȍȊȍȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȔ ȕȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ
ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ Ȑ ȌȍȘȏȖșȚȤȦ.
ǵȖ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȉȘȈȕȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ©șȍȔȍȑȕȣȍª
ȆșȚțș ȀȊȈȘȞ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȕȍȔȞȍȔ ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔȖȔ
DzȘȈȜȚȖȔ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȘȍȠȈȓȐ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȒȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ DzȖȊȈȓȤ" DzȖȕȍȟ-
ȕȖ ȕȍ șȖȞȐȈȓ-ȌȍȔȖȒȘȈȚ
— ǨȕȈȘȝȖ-șȖȞȐȈȓȐșȚ — ȐȏȘȍȒ DzȘȈȜȚ ș ȊȐȌȖȔ țȟȍȕȖȋȖ
ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȓȈȚȐȕșȒȖȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ȎțȒȈ ȗȖșȈȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈ
ȉțȓȈȊȒț. — ǵȖ, ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ, Ȑ ȈȕȈȘȝȐșȚ-ȒȖȔȔțȕȐșȚ
ȀȊȈȘȞ ȌȖȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȒȘțȎȒț ȗȐȊȈ Ȑ ȗȖȏȊȈȓ Ȏȍȕț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȈ-
ȓȐȓȈ ȕȖȊțȦ ǴȐȕȈ ȀȊȈȘȞ ȚȖȎȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȈ țȟȈșȚȐȍ Ȋ șȗȖȘȍ
— Ƕȕ — ȕȍȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȏȓȖȑ ǬțȔȈȍȚ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ Ȗ șȍȉȍ
— Ƕ — șȒȈȏȈȓ DzȘȈȜȚ. — ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȗȖȕȧȓ Ƕȕ ȓȦȔȗȍȕ-
ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȘȐȑ
ǵȖ ȀȊȈȘȞ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ șȓȖȊȖ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ
— Ǻȣ ȖȠȐȉȈȍȠȤșȧ ȌȘțȋ ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔ Ƕȕ — ȗȘȖșȚȖ Șțș-
șȒȐȑ ȝțȓȐȋȈȕ
— ȆșȚțș — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ Ȋ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȍ DzȘȈȜȚ. — Ǻȣ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ
ȗȐșȈȚȤ ȒȕȐȋȐ ȕȍ ȝțȎȍ ǩȍȉȍȓȧ Ȑ DzȈțȚșȒȖȋȖ
ǰ ȖȉȈ ȕȍȔȞȈ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȍ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȖȔ Ȑ șȖȉȖȦ ȗȘȖȌȖȓ-
ȎȈȓȐ ȗȐȚȤ ȗȐȊȖ Ȑ ȌȣȔȐȚȤ ȚȘțȉȒȈȔȐ
ȅȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȏȈȒȈȚȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȏȈȗȈȌȍ ȅȚț ȉțȚȈ-
ȜȖȘșȒțȦ ȠȚțȒț ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȓ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ǻȈȓȤȌȈ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȠ-
ȓȈșȤ ȊșȍȔ ȗȖ ȊȒțșț ȚȖȟȕȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ
ǵȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȏȈȒȈȚȈ ȕȍ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ ȔȘȈȒ ǹȒȊȖȏȤ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȍ
șȊȖȌȣ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȈȓ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȕȕȖ-ȉȍȓȣȑ șȊȍȚ ȗȖ-
ȓȧȘȕȖȋȖ șȐȧȕȐȧ dzȍȌȧȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȈ Ȋ ȖȘȈȕȎȍȘȍȦ
Ȍȓȧ ȓȦȌȍȑ

87
DZșȎȐȎ XVII
ǽǮǾȀǶǶ
ǶȚȉȣȊ șȘȖȒ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȖȎȐȌȈȓ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ șțȌȈ ȕȖ
ȅȊȍȓȐȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȓȈ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȌȍȓȈ ǵȈȚȈȠȈ Ȑ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȖș-
ȚțȗȖȒ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȖȊ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȤ
©ǷȖȓȧȘȕȖȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȘȐȞȣª ȐșȚȖȓȒȖȊȈȓȈ ȗȖ-șȊȖȍȔț ǸȍȊȕȐȊȖȍ
ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȖ ȏȌȍșȤ șȒȘȣȚțȦ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȡȈȍȚ
ǰ ǵȈȚȈȠȈ ȕȍ șȚȍșȕȧȧșȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȊșȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȅȊȍȓȐȕȈ șȖ-
ȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȧȓȈșȤ ȗȘȐȚȊȖȘȕȖ Ȑ șȈȔȈ ȊȣȏȊȈȓȈ DzȖȊȈȓȧ ȕȈ ȊȏȘȣȊ
șȚȘȈșȚȐ șȊȖȐȔ ȒȖȒȍȚșȚȊȖȔ
©ǶȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȞȣª ȥȚȖȔț ȊȍȘȐȓȐ ȖȝȖȚȕȖ ȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑ-
ȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ șȚȈȘȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȊȍȘȧȚ ©ǹȍȔȍȑȕȣȍª Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕȣ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȟȤ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖșțȌȈȟȐȚȤ Ȗȉ ȅȊȍȓȐȕȍ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȌȖȉȘȖ-
ȌȍȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȔȈȚȘȖȕȣ ȖșțȎȌȈȓȐ ȍȍ ȏȈ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒȈ ȒȈȒ DzȖȊȈȓȤ
— ǸȈȏȊȍ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ Ȓ ȒȖȔț ȐȌȍȚ" ǶȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ
ȎȌȈȚȤ ǰȓȐ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȌȍȧȓȈșȤ ȕȈ șȊȖȍ ȖȉȈȧȕȐȍ" ǺȈȒ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ
ȚȈȒȐȍ ȌțȘȈȒȐ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȠȐ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ ©ǹȊȧȚȈȧ șȊȧȚȈȧª ǪȖȚ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȥȚȖȑ șȊȧȚȖȑ
ǷȘȐȟȐȕȖȑ ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉȕȖșȚȐ Ȓ ȅȊȍȓȐȕȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȉȣȓȖ ȋȓȈȊ-
ȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȍȍ ȞȍȓȖȔțȌȘȐȍ ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ ȉȓȐȏ-
ȒȖȋȖ ȍȑ ȔțȎȟȐȕț Ȑ ȕȈȔȍȒȈȊȠȐȍ ȍȝȐȌȕȖ ȕȈ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊȈ Ȑ ǻȈ-
ȓȤȌȈ șȈȔȐ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȏȓȖșȓȖȊȧȚ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȧ
ǪȣȌȈȦȡȈȧșȧ ȒȘȈșȖȚȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȚȖȎȍ șȣȋȘȈȓȈ ȕȍȔȈȓțȦ
ȘȖȓȤ Ȋ ȏȈȊȐșȚȓȐȊȣȝ ȚȖȓȒȈȝ ǵȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȓȖ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȕȍ-
ȌȖȉȘȣȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ Ȋ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈȝ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȔțȎȟȐȕ ȖȒȘțȎȈȓȖ
ȅȊȍȓȐȕț ȖȘȍȖȓȖȔ ȓțȟȍȏȈȘȕȖȑ ȟȐșȚȖȚȣ
Ǭȓȧ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ©ǷȖȓȧȘȕȈȧ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȘȐȞȈª ȧȊȓȧȓȈșȤ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȔȍȚȖȔ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȖȉȖȎȈȕȐȧ ǭȍ ȉȍșȗȘȍȒȖșȓȖȊȕȖ șȓțȠȈȓȐșȤ
șȓȖȊȈ ȍȍ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȖșȗȖȘȐȔȖȍ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ǹȈ-
ȔȖ ȐȔȧ ©ǰȔȗȍȘȈȚȘȐȞȈª ȌȈȕȕȖȍ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊȣȔ Ȋ ȠțȚȒț ȗȘȐ-
ȊȐȓȖșȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȍȊȍȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȊȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓȐ ȖșȖȉȣȑ
șȔȣșȓ
— ǺȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȕȈȠȈ ©ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȘȐȞȈª ǺȈȒ ȖȕȈ ȝȖȟȍȚ

88
ǰ, ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȅȊȍȓȐȕȈ ȀȍȜȜȍȘș ȗȖȎȍȓȈȓȈ ȍȍ ȖȝȖȚȕȖ ȖȒ-
ȘțȎȐȓȐ ȉȣ ȘȖșȒȖȠȤȦ ȗȖșȚȘȖȐȓȐ ȍȑ ȖșȖȉȣȑ ȌȊȖȘȍȞ ȕȈȠ-
ȓȐșȤ ȉȣ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȣȍ șȓțȋȐ-ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȚȍȓȐ ȍȍ ȊȖȓȐ
ǩȖȓȍȍ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȣȍ ȕȍ ȊȣȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȘȈȑșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȒȓȖ-
ȕȍȕȐȧ ȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ Ȓ ȅȊȍȓȐȕȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȖșȖȉȖȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐ
ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȍȍ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ țȓȣȉȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȊșȧȒȖȔț ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȤ ȐȓȐ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȍ ©ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȘȐȞȍª
ǷȖșȚțȗȖȒ DzȖȊȈȓȧ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȊȖȏȔțȡȈȓ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȖȊ ǵȈȑ-
ȌȐșȤ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȐȝ șȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȍȔț ȓȍȋȒȖ
ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȊȖșȗȓȈȔȍȕȐȚȤ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤ Ȑ ȊȣȏȊȈȚȤ ȊȏȘȣȊ
Ǫ ȗȍȘȊȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ țȏȕȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ
DzȖȊȈȓȧ ȋȘțȗȗȈ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕȞȍȊ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ Ȗ ȕȍȖȉȝȖ-
ȌȐȔȖșȚȐ ȓȐȕȟȍȊȈȕȐȧ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȠȓȈ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȒȐ ǵȈ ©șȍȔȍȑ-
ȕȣȝª ȊȓȐȧȓȐ Ȏȍȕȣ ǹȘȍȌȐ ©ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊª ȔȕȍȕȐȍ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕ ȚȖȎȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖ șȊȖȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ǶȕȐ Ȏȍ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȈȓȐ ȚȘȍȉȖ-
ȊȈȕȐȍ DzȖȊȈȓȍȔ șȓȖȊȈ ȕȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȔ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȐ
ǹȖȉȣȚȐȧ ȊȏȉțȌȖȘȈȎȐȊȠȐȍ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ Ȑ ȊȣȏȊȈȊ-
ȠȐȍ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȤ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȏȈȒȖȕȈȔ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȐȓȐ ȕȈșȍ-
ȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȗȈȘȚȐȐ ȊȣȒȘȐșȚȈȓȓȐȏȖȊȈȓȐ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȕȣȍ ȋȘțȗȗȣ
ǪȖ ȋȓȈȊȍ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȗȈȘȚȐȧ țȟȍȕȣȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌȐȓȈ
ȊșȍȔȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȔȐ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ ȌȍȓȈȓȈ ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȐȧ ȕȈțȟȕȣȍ ȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȚȐȧ Ȑ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȓȧȓȈ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ǶșȕȖȊȕȈȧ
ȐȌȍȧ ȗȈȘȚȐȐ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ ȊȍȘȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȋȘȍșș Ȋȍ-
ȌȍȚ Ȓ șȟȈșȚȤȦ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȈțȒȈ Ȑ ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȖȚȒȘȣ-
ȚȐȧ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȈȧ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȖȚ ȚȘțȌȈ Ȑ ȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖșȚȐ ȖȚ șȚȐȝȐȑ
șȖȏȌȈȌțȚ ȕȖȊțȦ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ǷȈȘȚȐȦ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ ǻȈȓȤȌ ǬȍȓȈȉȘȈȕȠ Ȑ ȌȘț-
ȋȐȍ țȟȍȕȣȍ ǹȦȌȈ ȗȘȐȔȒȕțȓ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ; Ȋȣȓȍȟȍȕȕȣȑ
ȟțȌȖȌȍȑșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȖȔȍȋȈ-ȓțȟȈȔȐ Ȑ ȏȈȋȓțȠȈȧ ȖȉȐȌț ȎȐȏȕȐ,
<Ȗȕ> ș ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ țȠȍȓ Ȋ ȕȈțȒț ǩȣȓȈ ȋȘțȗȗȈ Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ Ȋȍ-
ȘȧȡȐȝ Ȋ țȟȍȕȣȝ Ȑ ȊșȍȞȍȓȖ ȐȔ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȣȝ
ȅȊȍȓȐȕȈ șȟȐȚȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȗȈȘȚȐȐ ȝȖȚȧ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȓȤȏȖ-
ȊȈȓȈșȤ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍȔ Ȑ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȒȘțȋȈȝ ǹȓȍȌțȦȡțȦ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ
ȋȘțȗȗț șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ ©șȍȔȍȑȕȣȍª ǶȕȐ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ șȦȌȈ ș ȎȍȕȈ-
ȔȐ Ȑ ȌȍȚȤȔȐ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȍ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ȚȈȔ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ Ȑ
ȏȌȍșȤ ȖȉȘȍȓȐ șȣȚȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȒȖȑ ǯȈȗȘȖșȣ ț ȕȐȝ ȉȣȓȐ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȐȍ Ȋ ȌțȠȈȝ ȕȍ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȍ ȖȋȕȐ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȕȍ ȒȐȗȍȓȈ
ȖȚ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȕȣȝ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȑ

89
©ǹȍȔȍȑȕȣȍª ȗȘȐȋȘȍȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȕȈȊȖȏȍ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖ--
ȓțȟȐȧ ȗȓȖȌȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȘȈȏȔȕȖȎȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȉȖȧȓȐșȤ
ȊȏȘȣȊȖȊ Ȑ ȘȍȏȒȐȝ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕ ©ǹȍȔȍȑȕȣȍª ȚȧȋȖȚȍȓȐ Ȓ ȗȈȘȚȐȐ
țȟȍȕȣȝ Ȓ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȐȋȍȕȞȐȐ Ȑ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ Ȋ ȕȍȑ țȔșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȖȗȖ-
Șț Ȋșȍȑ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȕȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȤșȚȊȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕțȎȕȖ
șȓțȠȈȚȤșȧ ȊȖ ȐȔȧ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȈ ȘȈȏțȔȈ Ȑ ȕȈțȒȐ
ǻȟȍȕȣȍ ȊȍȘȐȓȐ Ȋ ȕȈțȒȐ ©șȍȔȍȑȕȣȍª ȊȍȘȐȓȐ Ȋ țȟȍȕȣȝ
ǷȈȘȚȐȧ ©ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊª șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈ ȖȗȗȖȏȐȞȐȦ ©șȍ-
ȔȍȑȕȣȔª Ȉ ȖȚȟȈșȚȐ Ȑ ©țȟȍȕȣȔª ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȖȎȍ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐș-
ȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȋȘțȗȗȈ ȐȔȍȊȠȈȧ ȞȍȕȚȘ Ȑ ȌȊȈ ȒȘȣȓȈ
©ǷȘȈȊȣȍª șȉȓȐȎȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȏȏȘȍȕȐȧȝ ș ©șȍȔȍȑȕȣȔȐª
ǴțȎȟȐȕȣ Ȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȓȐ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȖȟȕȣȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȌȖȓȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ șȖȦȏȣ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ șȈȔȐ ȒȖȘȔȐȓȐ ȌȍȚȍȑ Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ
ȕȍ ȖȉȘȣȊȈȓȐ ș ȕȐȔȐ șȊȧȏȐ Ǫ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈȝ ȗȘȈȊȣȝ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ
ȕȈȒȖȗȓȧȓȐșȤ ȊȍȡȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȕȐ șȟȐȚȈȓȐ ©șȊȖȐȔȐª Ȑ ȕȍ
ȓȦȉȐȓȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȐȔȐ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȌȘțȋȐȍ
ȅȚȐ ȚȖȎȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣ Ȑ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕ
©ǾȍȕȚȘª șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȖȔȔțȕȐșȚȣ ȊȍȘȖȊȈȊ-
ȠȐȍ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȐȓȐ Ȋ ©ǷȖȓȧȘȕȖȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȐª
ȐȌȍȈȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍȎȐȚȐȧ ǷȘȐȏȕȈȊȈȓȐ șȊȖȉȖȌț ȖȚ-
ȕȖȠȍȕȐȑ ȔȍȎȌț ȌȊțȔȧ ȗȖȓȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ ȖȚȘȐȞȈȕȐȍ ȓȐȟ-
ȕȖȑ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓȐ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȕȍȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȝ ȘȍȜȖȘȔ Dz ȗȈȘȚȐȐ țȟȍȕȣȝ ȖȚȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ șȕȐșȝȖȌȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȕȖ ȊȍȘȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȌȖșȚȐȋȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍ ȕȈțȟȕȣȔȐ
ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȧȔȐ Ȉ ȜȖȘȔȈȔȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȘȈȕȖ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ
șȖȏȌȈȌțȚ ȕȖȊțȦ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒțȦ ȗȖȘȖȌț
©dzȍȊȣȍª ȠȓȐ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ǷȖ Ȑȝ ȔȕȍȕȐȦ ȒȖȔȔțȕȈ
ȉȣȓȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȠȈȋȖȔ ǵȈȌȖ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȐȌȚȐ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
ȌȖȑȚȐ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȕȍ ȌȖȎȐȌȈȧșȤ ȗȍȘȍȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ Ȋ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȝ
ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȧȝ ǵȈ ȌȊȍȘȧȝ șȊȖȐȝ ȒȖȔȕȈȚ ©ȓȍȊȣȍª șȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȖșȖ-
ȉȣȑ ȏȕȈȒ ȉțȒȊț L (Libertas — șȊȖȉȖȌȈ
 Ȋ ȒȘțȎȒȍ
ǯȕȈȒ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȠȍȌȠȐȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȊȍȡȤȦ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȡȍȑșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ Ȗ ȚȖȔ
ȎȐȊțȡȍȔț Ȋ ȕȍȑ ǺȈȒȎȍ ȊȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȔȖȎȕȖ, ȕȍ șȚțȟȈȊȠȐșȤ ©dzȍ-
Ȋȣȍª șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȘȐȞȈȓȐ ȏȈȔȒȐ ȕȍ ȏȈȗȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȕȐ ȌȕȍȔ
ȕȐ ȕȖȟȤȦ ǶȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȖȓȈȔȐ ȉȣȓȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖȍ:
—ȇ Țȍȉȧ ȝȖȟț
ǵȈ ȟȚȖ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓȖ ©ȌȈª ȐȓȐ ©ȕȍȚª

ǵȖ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȖ ȏȈȗȘȖȚȍșȚȖȊȈȓȐ ǺȖȋȌȈ
©ȓȍȊȣȍª ȊȣșȚȘȖȐȓȐ Ȍȓȧ șȍȉȧ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȖȉȡȍȎȐȚȐȍ ȘȈȏȊȍ-
ȓȐ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȕȍȋȖ șȈȌ ș ȖȏȍȘȖȔ Ȑ ȖȒȘțȎȐȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȊȣșȖȒȐȔ ȋȓț-
ȝȐȔ ȏȈȉȖȘȖȔ ȕȈ ȊȖȘȖȚȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȏȐȓȐ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȏȕȈȒ
(L), Ȉ ȊȣȠȍ ȗȖȔȍșȚȐȓȐ ȕȈȌȗȐșȤ «Paradis» ȘȈȑ

— Ǵȣ ȋȖȚȖȊȣ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȐȚȤșȧ ȊȈȠȐȔ ȔȍȡȈȕșȒȐȔ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȧȔ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȕȖ Ȋ «Paradis» ȉțȌȍȔ
ȎȐȚȤ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȝȖȚȐȔ
«Paradis» ȖșțȎȌȈȓȐ ©șȍȔȍȑȕȣȍª Ȑ țȔȍȘȍȕȕȣȍ ©ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȐȒȐª ȕȖ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧ ȔȐȔȖ ȕȍȘȍȌȒȖ ȉȘȖșȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍ-
ȋȖ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȣȍ Ȑ — ȒȚȖ ȏȕȈȍȚ — ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȑ ȏȈȊȐșȚȓȐ-
Ȋȣȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣ
ǹȓțȟȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ©ȘȈȑșȒȐȍª ȊȖȘȖȚȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȣ-
ȊȈȓȐșȤ ȗȘȖȗțșȒȈȧ ȔțȎȟȐȕț ȐȓȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ȕȍ Ȑȏ ©ȓȍȊȣȝª
ǪȝȖȌȧȡȐȍ Ȑ ȊȣȝȖȌȧȡȐȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȧȊȕȖ șȚȍșȕȧȓȐșȤ Ȑȏ-
ȉȍȋȈȧ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȑ
ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ ș ȖȉȣȟȕȖȑ ȌȖȉȘȖȌțȠȕȖȑ țșȔȍȠȒȖȑ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓ
©ȓȍȊȣȝª — ©ȝȓȣșȚȖȊșȒȖȑ șȍȒȚȖȑª Ǩ ȆșȚțș ȀȊȈȘȞ țȊȍȘȧȓ
ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ©ȊȘȍȌȕȈȧ șȍȒȚȈª ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ©ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊțª ȉȖ-
ȘȖȚȤșȧ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȣȔȐ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈȔȐ. ǷȘȐȧȚȍȓȤ ȍȋȖ
ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔ DzȘȈȜȚ ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȀȊȈȘȞ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ
ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ ȖȉȓȐȟȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȒȕȐȋț
Ǩ ǴȐȕȈ ȀȊȈȘȞ ȕȈșȚȈȐȊȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȐ ȕȘȈȊȖȊ
ȅȚȐ ȚȘȐ ȗȈȘȚȐȐ — ©țȟȍȕȣȝª ©șȍȔȍȑȕȣȝª Ȑ ©ȖȉȡȍșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊª — ȕȍ ȖȉȕȐȔȈȓȐ șȖȉȖȦ ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ
ǩȣȓȈ ȍȡȍ ȋȘțȗȗȈ — ȉȍșȗȈȘȚȐȑȕȈȧ ǵȍțȌȈȟȕȐȒȐ
dzȦȌȐ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌțȍȔȣȍ ȕȈ ȘȖȌȐȕȍ ȖȏȓȖȉȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȘȈȏȖȟȈ-
ȘȖȊȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ǶȌȐȕȖȟȕȐȒȐ țȋȓțȉȐȊȠȐȍșȧ șȈȔȐ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ǰȕȖȑ
ȘȈȏ — ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȣ ȐȕȖȑ ȘȈȏ — ȘȍȓȐȋȐȖȏȕȣȍ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȍȘȣ
ȅȚȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȝȘȖȕȐȟȍșȒȐ ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ
ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐȟȐȕ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȈ ǮȐȏȕȤ Ȑȝ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȔȈȓȈ ȗȘȖȎȋȓȈ Ȑȝ ȌțȠȐ ȖȋȕȍȔ ȋȕȍȊȈ Ȑ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȐ ȊȓȐȓȈ
ȧȌ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȐȧ ǹȘȍȌȐ ȕȐȝ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȝȊȈ-
ȓȐȓȐ DzȖȊȈȓȧ

92
DZșȎȐȎ ;9,,,
ǻǼȅǻǮȍ ȀǾǮǰǹȍ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȓ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍȎȐȚȐȍ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ Ȋ
ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ ǺȈȔ Ȏȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȗȖșȍȓȐȚȤșȧ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖ-
ȊȈ ȕȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȈ ȝȖȓȖȌȕțȦ ȕȈșȔȍȠȒț
— Ǻȣ țȎȍ ȐșȗȣȚȈȓȈ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȐ șȍȔȍȑȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ Ȋșȍ- ȚȈ-
ȒȐ ȕȐȟȍȔț ȕȍ ȕȈțȟȐȓȈșȤ ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȕȣ șȒȖ-
Șȍȍ ȕȈȌȖȍȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ǵȐ ȕȧȕȤȒȈ ȕȐ ȒțȝȈȘȒȈ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȕțȎ-
ȕȈ ǽȖȌȐ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț Ȉ ȎȐȊȐ ȚȈȔ Ȋ ȊȈȠȍȔ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ
țȟȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȐ
— Ǻȣ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ©ǷȈȘȈȌȐȏȍª ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȠȤ ȎȐȚȤ"
— ǮȐȊȐ ȒȖȓȐ ȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ ǭȊȖȑ Ȑ ȉȣȚȤ ȎȍȕȖȑ Ȍȓȧ
ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ǷȖȏȊȖȓȧȚȤ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȏȈȗȘȍȡȈȚȤ ȧ Țȍȉȍ ȕȍ ȔȖ-
ȋț Ǻȣ ȊȍȌȤ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȈȧ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȒȈ ©ǷȖȓȧȘȕȖȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȐª
— ǵȈȌȖȍȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȥȚȈ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȧ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȊșȚȘȍȗȍȕțȓșȧ
— ǪȖȚ Țȍȉȍ ȘȈȏ Ǩ ȏȈȉȣȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈȓȈșȤ ȏȌȍȠȕȍȑ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȤȦ"
— ǬȈ ȚȈȒ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋșȒȖȑ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȌȖȊȒȐ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ Țȍȉȍ ȕȍ ȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ"
— ǪȐȌȐȠȤ ȔȐȓȣȑ Ȕȕȍ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ ȥȚȖ ǯȌȍșȤ Ȋșȍ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ Ȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȠȤșȧ Ȗ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȠȕȍȔ Ȍȕȍ.
Ǫșȍ ȋȖȚȖȊȖ Ȋșȍ Ȓ ȚȊȖȐȔ țșȓțȋȈȔ ǪȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȚȖ șȈȔȖȍ Ȗ ȟȍȔ
Ȕȣ ȚȈȒ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖ ȔȍȟȚȈȓȐ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ șȟȈșȚȤȍȔ Ǩ ȧ ȟȈ-
șȚȖ șȐȎț Ȑ ȌțȔȈȦ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȚȖșȒȈ ȒȈȒȈȧ șȒțȒȈ ǰ Ȋșȍ ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ
ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȣȔ ȅȚȖȚ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȑ ȒȖȓȗȈȒ ȥȚȐ țȟȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȧ Ȋșȧ-
ȒȐȍ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ ȖȉșȍȘȊȈȚȖȘȐȐ ǰ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍȏȈȊȚȘȈ
Ȋșȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȖȎȍ
— ǰ ȕȍȔȍȞ ȀȊȈȘȞ ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒțȘȐȚȤ ȚȘțȉȒț Ȑ ȘȈșșțȎ-
ȌȈȚȤ Ȗ șȖȞȐȈȓȐȏȔȍ
— ǵț ȌȈ ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȑ ȘȧȌ Ȍȕȍȑ ǹȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȝ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȌțȔȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ Țȣ Ȕȕȍ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓ ș ȅȊȍȓȐȕȖȑ ȧ țȎȈșȕȖ
șȚȘȈȌȈȓȈ ȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǰ ȗȖșȓȍ ȧ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ Țȍȉȧ șȐȓȤ-
ȕȍȍ Ȑ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓȈ ȚȈȒ ȋȖȘȧȟȖ ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȍ șȖȏȌȈȕ

93
Ȍȓȧ șȟȈșȚȤȧ" ǰȕȖȋȌȈ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ Ȕȕȍ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȉ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȐȔ ȏȌȍșȤ șȒțȟȕȖ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ș șȖȉȖȦ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ǶȚ
șȒțȒȐ ©ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȐª ȏȈȚȍȊȈȦȚ șȗȖȘȣ ș ©șȍȔȍȑȕȣȔȐª ǶȚ
șȒțȒȐ ȓȍȊȣȍ țșȚȘȖȐȓȐ ©ǷȈȘȈȌȐȏª
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȗȖȝȓȖȗȈȓ ǵȈȚȈȠț ȗȖ ȗȓȍȟț
— ǬȈ Țȣ ț Ȕȍȕȧ șȖȊșȍȔ țȔȕȈȧ ǵȖ ȏȈȉȣȓȈ Ȗ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȋȖșȗȖ-
ȌȈȝ
— DzȈȒȐȝ"
— Ƕ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈȝ țȟȍȕȣȝ Ǭȓȧ ȕȐȝ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȗȖȓȕȈ șȔȣșȓȈ Ȑ
ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ ǶȕȐ ȎȐȊțȚ Ȋ șȜȍȘȍ ȖȗȣȚȖȊ Ȑ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȑ Ǩ Ȕȣ
ȊȣȗȖȓȕȧȍȔ Ȑȝ ȏȈȚȍȐ Ȕȣ — Ȑȝ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȣȍ ȘȈȉȣ ǨȘȐșȚȖȒȘȈ-
Țȣ țȔȈ
— ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑ Ǻȣ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ Ȑȝ ȖȉȊȐȕȧȍȠȤ ǰȝ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȧ
Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș Ȏȍ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȗȖȓȤȏȣ
— ǰ Țȣ ȥȚȖȔț ȊȍȘȐȠȤ" ǶȕȐ Ȑ ȕȈȌ ȕȈȔȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȧȚ Ȗȗȣ-
Țȣ ©ǻșȚȘȖȐȔ ȕȖȊțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȍȓȧ ȥȚȐȝ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ ȥȒȏȍȔȗ-
ȓȧȘȖȊ Ȑ ȉțȌȍȔ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ ȕȈȌ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȈȔȐ Ȋ ȒȓȍȚȒȍª Ƕȉȍ-
ȏȤȧȕȣ — ȥȚȖ Ȕȣ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȓțȉȖȋȐ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȉȘȖșȐȔ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ǿȍȘȚ ș ȕȐȔȐ ǹȒȈȎȐ Ȕȕȍ ȓțȟȠȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȉȣ Țȣ ȖȚ-
șȦȌȈ țȍȝȈȚȤ ȊȣȘȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȗȈȒȈ"
— ǹ ȚȖȉȖȦ ȊȔȍșȚȍ"
— ǸȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ
— ǴȐȓȣȑ ǬȈ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȚȈȒȖȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȚȈȒȖȍ
— ǪȍȘȦ ȊȍȘȦ ǺȈȒ ȊȖȚ ȌȈȑ Ȕȕȍ șȓȖȊȖ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ Ȕȍȕȧ șȓț-
ȠȈȚȤșȧ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȘȐȒȈȎț
—ǬȈȦ ȌȈȦ
— ǵȖ ȗȖȔȕȐ Ǻȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ Ȕȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȉȍȏțșȓȖȊȕȖ ȕȐȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȧ ȕȐ ȌȍȓȈȓ
ǵȈȚȈȠȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ DzȖȊȈȓȦ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȒȓȧȚȊȣ ȗȘȍȘȣȊȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȞȍȓțȧȔȐ
ǵȖȟȤȦ ȒȖȋȌȈ DzȖȊȈȓȤ țȎȍ șȚȈȓ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȚȤșȧ șȕȖȔ ȘȈȏ-
ȌȈȓșȧ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȣȑ șȚțȒ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ Ȋȏȧȓ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȜȖȕȈȘȤ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȋ șȍȕȐ Ǹțȟ-
ȒȈ ȕȈȘțȎȕȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȊȍȘȚȍȓȈșȤ ȗȖȌ ȟȤȍȑ-ȚȖ ȕȍȘȊȕȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ
— ǶȚȊȖȘȧȑ — ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ȋȖȓȖș
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȒȘȦȟȖȒ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓ șȕȖȗ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖ-
ȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ Ȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȠȐȑșȧ ȚȍȔȕȣȑ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝțȋȖȓȤȕȐȒ
ǰȏ ȔȘȈȒȈ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȖșȤ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȈ ǼȍȌȖȘȈ

94
ǴȈȘȒțȏȖȊȈ
— ǿȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ"
ǴȈȘȒțȏȖȊ ȏȈȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȗȖȠȈȚȕțȊȠȐșȤ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ-
șȧ ȏȈ ȗȘȐȚȖȓȖȒț ȌȊȍȘȐ
—ǬȈ Țȣ ȗȤȧȕ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ"
DzȖȊȈȓȤ șȐȓȤȕȖȦ ȘțȒȖȦ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȘȈȉȖȟȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȊȖȘȖȚ ȒțȘȚ-
ȒȐ Ȑ ȊȚȈȡȐȓ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ǺȍȓȖ ǴȈȘȒțȏȖȊȈ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ
șȘȈȏț ȗȖȊȐșȓȖ Ȑ ȕȖȋȐ șȚȈȓȐ ȊȖȓȖȟȐȚȤșȧ ǺțȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ DzȖȊȈȓȤ
ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȖ ȗȖȓț Țȧȕțȓșȧ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȑ șȓȍȌ
ǹȖȘȊȈȚȤ ȒțȘȚȒț Ȑ ȘțȉȈȠȒț ȉȣȓȖ ȌȍȓȖȔ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȔȐȕțȚȣ
ǻ ǴȈȘȒțȏȖȊȈ ȕȈ ȓȍȊȖȔ ȉȖȒț ȊȐȌȕȍȓȈșȤ ȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ ȘȈȕȈ Ȑȏ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȘțȟȤȍȔ
ǵȖȎ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓ ȗȖ ȘȍȉȘȈȔ ȕȍ țȋȓțȉȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ
ȋȘțȌȤ Ȑ ȖȉȔȖȘȖȒ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȗȈȓ ȘȈȕȍȕȣȑ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȓșȧ
ȓȐȠȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȖȚȍȘȍȑ ȒȘȖȊȐ
ǶȗȣȚȕȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȉȣȊȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȌȍȓȒȈȝ DzȖȊȈȓȤ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȊȧȏȒț ȕȈȘȊȈȊ ȉȐȕȚȖȊ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȋȖ
ȏȈȗȈșȈ ȉȍȓȤȧ ȌȖșȚȈȓ ȉțȚȣȓȒț ș ȊȐȕȖȔ Ȑ ȊȓȐȓ ȕȈșȐȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȏ-
ȌȊȐȕțȊ ȏțȉȣ Ȋ ȘȖȚ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȗȖȘȞȐȦ ǴȈȘȒțȏȖȊ ȋȓȖȚȕțȓ Ȑ
șȚȈȓ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȋ șȍȉȧ
Ǫ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȣȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ȊȖșȒȘȍș
țȎȈș ǸȈȕȍȕȣȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȏȈșȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ȍȦ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȝȖȚȍȓ
ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ
ǷȖȉȍȓȍȊȠȐȍ ȋțȉȣ ȏȈȌȊȐȋȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȝȘȐȗȓȣȑ Ƞȍ-
ȗȖȚ
— Ǫșȍȝ Ȋșȍȝ țȉȐȓ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȗȖ ȊȣșȖȒȖȔț șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȖȔț șȊȖȌț ȏȈȗȘȣȋȈȓȐ șȊȍȚȖ-
Ȋȣȍ ȖȉȓȐȒȐ Ƕȋȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȔȍȟȐ ȗȘȖȘȍȏȈȓȐ ȗȈȓȤȔȖȊțȦ ȘȖȡȐ-
Ȟț ȖȒțȕțȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȐȝțȦ ȊȖȌț ȖȏȍȘȈ ȏȈȠȕȣȘȧȓȐ ȗȖ ȒțșȚȈȘ-
ȕȐȒț Ȑ ȕȈȑȌȧ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȐșȒȈȓȐ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ ȒȈȒ
ȋȓȈȏȈ ȝȐȡȕȐȒȈ țȊȐȌȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȋ ȋțșȚȣȝ ȏȈȘȖșȓȧȝ
șȊȖȦ ȎȍȘȚȊț
ǬȖȔ DzȖȊȈȓȧ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȖșȊȍȚȐȓȐ ȓțȟȐ
ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘȖȊ
ǹȘȍȌȐ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍȡȐȊȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȗȖȚȖȒȖȊ șȊȍȚȈ șȚȈȓȐ ȗȖȧȊ-
ȓȧȚȤșȧ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ȓȦȌȍȑ ș ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȓȐȞȈȔȐ ș ȠȐȘȖȒȖ
ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȘȚȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍȓȍȗȣȍ ȊȖȏ-
ȋȓȈșȣ

95
ǵȍ șȓȣȠȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȓȖȊ ǺȖȓȗȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȓȈ șȊȖȍȋȖ
ȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȖȋȖ ©ȋȓȈșȖȔ ǩȖȎȐȐȔª, Ȑ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȓȈ șȊȖȐ
ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ȏȊȍȘȐȕȣȔȐ ȏȈȊȣȊȈȕȐȧȔȐ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȋ ȧȘȒȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȘțȋ ǺȈȒ ȏȈȋȕȈȕȕȣȑ
ȊȖȓȒ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ ȕȈ ȏȈȋȖȕȡȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȖȉȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȓ ȕȐȔ țȋȘȖ-
ȎȈȦȡȍ ȓȧșȒȈȍȚ ȏțȉȈȔȐ
Ǫșȧ ȒțȘȚȒȈ DzȖȊȈȓȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȈȓȐȚȈ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȘțȒȐ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒ-
ȚȐȊȕȖ șȎȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȒțȓȈȒȐ ȏȓȣȔ ȖȋȕȍȔ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓȐșȤ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȒȖȗ-
ȕȖȑ ȊȏȓȖȝȔȈȚȐȓȐșȤ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ

ǰ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȒȈȒ ȖȌȐȕ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ:
— DzȖȊȈȓȤ — țȉȐȑȞȈ DzȖȊȈȓȤ
ǷȍȘȍȌȕȐȍ șȋȘțȌȐȓȐșȤ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ șȚȈȧ șȖȉȈȒ ȕȈ ȏȊȍȘȧ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȖȚȗȘȧȕțȓ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȓȖȔ șȚȖȧȊȠȐȑ ț șȚȍȕȣ Ȑ șȚȈȓ
Ȋ țȋȘȖȎȈȦȡțȦ ȗȖȏț
ǯȈșȊȐșȚȍȓ ȒȍȔ-ȚȖ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ Ȑ ȗȘȖȕȍșșȧ ȕȈȌ
ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ DzȖȊȈȓȧ ǬȘțȋȖȑ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ
DzȈȔȕȐ ȒțșȒȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȐ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȓȖ ȗȖȌ ȘȈȏȢȧ-
ȘȍȕȕțȦ ȘțȒț ȓȍȚȍȓȖ Ȓ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȞȍȓȐ — Ȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ
ȗȘȐȠȓȈ ȗȖȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ ©ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȈȧ ȚȖȓȗȈª
ǹȐȓȤȕȣȑ țȌȈȘ șȊȈȓȐȓ DzȖȊȈȓȧ ș ȕȖȋ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȓșȧ Ȑ șȚȈȊ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖ ȒȖȓȍȕȖ ȔȖȡȕȣȔ ȓȖȔȖȔ ȘȈȏȌȘȖȉȐȓ
ȟȍȘȍȗ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȈ ǺȖȓȗȈ ȊȏȊȣȓȈ Ȑ
ȗȘȐȉȖȑȕȣȑ ȊȈȓ ȍȍ ȏȈȓȐȓ ȖȌȐȕȖȒțȦ ȜȐȋțȘț ș ȗȖȌȕȧȚȖȑ ȕȈȌ
ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȘțȒȖȦ

97
DZșȎȐȎ XIX
ǮǾdzǿȀ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȏȈȡȐȡȈȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ȓȍȊ ȕȈȕȖșȧ țȌȈȘȣ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȘȖ-
ȕȣ ǭȔț țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȊșȒȖȟȐȚȤ Ȑ ȖȚȗȘȣȋȕțȚȤ Ȓ șȚȍȕȍ ȅȚȖ ȗȘȍ-
ȌȖȝȘȈȕȧȓȖ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȖȚ ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȑ șȏȈȌȐ
ǬȘȈȚȤșȧ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȍȔț șȓțȟȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ
Ƕȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȖȚ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖșȚȐ ǬȘțȋȖȑ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ
ȔȍșȚȍ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȉȣ ©ǶșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȍșȤ ȇ ȕȍ ȊȐȕȖȊȍȕ țȉȐȑȞȈ —
ȕȍ ȧª ǰ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȌȖȉȐȓȈ ȉȣ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȗȣȓț ȖȏȊȍȘȍȕȐȧ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȉȣ țȎȍ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȓȖȚȐȊ-
ȠȐȑ ȒțȓȈȒȈȔȐ ȚȖȗȚȈȊȠȐȑ ȕȖȎȐȡȈȔȐ ȎȍȘȚȊț Ȑ ȗȖ ȎȐȊȖȚț
Ȑ ȗȖ ȋȘțȌȐ Ȑ ȗȖ ȓȐȞț ȊȏȌȣȝȈȓ ȚȘțșȓȐȊȖ-ȌȖȉȘȖȌȍȚȍȓȤȕȖ
©ȅȝ ȋȘȍȝ ȒȈȒȖȑª
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȘȈȏ ȕȈȟȈȓȈșȤ ȌȘȈȒȈ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȓȍȏȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ș ȒțȓȈ-
ȒȈȔȐ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ ȘȈșșțȎȌȈȚȤ ȖȉȌțȔȣȊȈȚȤ ǷȖȟȍȔț șȗȘȈȊȍȌ-
ȓȐȊȖ ȓȐ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ — ȗȖșȓȍ Ȉ șȍȑȟȈș ȖȌȕȈ ȔȣșȓȤ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖ-
ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȔȖȡȕțȦ ȖȉȖȘȖȕț ȒȘțȗȕȖȋȖ ȝȐȡȕȐȒȈ șȚȈȍ ȋȖȕȟȐȝ.
ǰ Ȗȕ ȘȈșȠȊȣȘȐȊȈȓ ȕȈȗȈȌȈȦȡȐȝ ȉȐȓ ȓȖȔȖȔ ȗȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȈȔ
ȌȘȈȓșȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ǫȕȍȊ ȒȐȗȍȓ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ ȍȋȖ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȏȕȈȓ
ȚȈȑȕț ȗȖȉȍȌȣ — ȕȍ ȚȍȘȧȚȤ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓȐ
ȌȘțȋȐȍ ǰ Ȗȕ ȉȐȓ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȧȒȈ ȗȖ ȊȣȉȖȘț ȉȐȓ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒ șȘȈȏț ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ șȚȘȖȧ
ǵȖ ȊȘȈȋ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȖȌȖȓȍȊȈȚȤ ȟȐșȓȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ǵȈ ȔȍșȚȖ ȗȈȊȠȐȝ
ȧȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȌȍșȧȚȒȐ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ǺȘțșȣ ȉȘȖșȈȓȐ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ ǻȎȍ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȐȏȕȍȔȖȋȈȓ șȐȓȣ ȍȋȖ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȖȒȘȈșȐȓȈșȤ
ȘțȉȈȠȒȈ ȕȈ ȓȉț ȏȐȧȓȈ ȘȈȕȈ ǭȡȍ ȕȈȚȐșȒ Ȑ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȌȖȉȤȍȚșȧ
șȊȖȍȋȖ șȊȍȘȠȐȚ șȊȖȑ «șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȣȑ șȈȔȖșțȌª
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑ ș ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȔȐ
țșȐȓȐȧȔȐ ȗȘȖȉȐȓ ȌȖȘȖȋț Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȧȔ ȌȖȔȈ ǿȍȘȍȊ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ
Ȗȕ ȏȈȌȊȐȕțȓ ȏȈșȖȊȣ
ȅȚȖȚ ȔȈȕȍȊȘ ȕȍȕȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȖȚșȘȖȟȐȊȈȓ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȒț ȕȖ ȌȈȓ ȊȖȏ-
ȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȊȍșȚȐ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȖȚȌȖȝȕțȚȤ
ǺȖȓȗȈ ȋȘȖȔȐȓȈ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȓȍȏȓȈ Ȋ ȖȒȕȈ
ǷȖșȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȘȍȏȒȖ-ȐșȚȍȘȐȟȕȖ
ȗȘȖȏȊțȟȈȓ ȊȖȗȓȤ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊȖȑ

98
— ǷțșȚȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȝȖȟț țȔȍȘȍȚȤ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȐȔ
ǫțȌȍȓ țȔȐȘȖȚȊȖȘȧȦȡȐȑ ȉȈș ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊȈ ȅȊȍȓȐȕȈ șȚȈȘȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ șȚȖȕȣ Ȑ ȘȍȊ ȚȖȓȗȣ
ǶȒȖȓȖ șȈȔȣȝ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ șȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖș ǻȈȓȤȌȈ
— Ǫȣ ȗȍȘȍȠȈȋȕȍȚȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȖȑ ȚȘțȗ
ǿțȚȒȖ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȍȕȕȖȍ țȝȖ DzȖȊȈȓȧ țȓȖȊȐȓȖ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȐ ȖȚ-
ȓȐȊȈ DzȚȖ-ȚȖ ȘȈșșțȎȌȈȓ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ țȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓ ǹȒȊȖȏȤ ȏȊȍȘȐ-
ȕȣȑ ȘȖȗȖȚ șȚȈȓȐ ȗȘȖșȒȈȓȤȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȊȖșȒȓȐȞȈȕȐȧ
— ǹțȌ ǵȈȌȖ șțȌȐȚȤ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȋȘțȌȤȦ țȚȍȘ ȒȘȖȊȤ șȖ ȓȉȈ Ȑ
țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ
— ǪȣșȒȖȟȐȓ ǯȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗ șțȌȍ ȊȖȕ țȎȍ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȘȐȞȈ
ȊȏȣȊȈȍȚ Ȓ ȘȈȏțȔț șȊȖȐȝ ȗȖȌȌȈȕȕȣȝ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȕȖșȚȐ ǻȈȓȤȌ șȚȖȘȖȎȐȚ ȌȊȍȘȐ ǷȖȠȓȖ ȕȈ ȗȖȕȐȎȍ-
ȕȐȍ Ǩ ȓȖȊȒȖ ȖȕȐ Ȕȍȕȧ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȌȖșȗȍȓȐ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȖȚȒȐȕțȓ ȏȈșȖȊ Ȑ ȊȗțșȚȐȓ ǻȈȓȤȌȈ ǰȕȎȍȕȍȘ șȎȐ-
ȔȈȓ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȣ ȖȘțȎȐȍ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ
ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȗȐșȚȖȓȍȚ
— ǶȋȖ ǬȈ ©ȋȖșȗȖȌȈª ȕȈȠȐ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȣ ȗȖșȍȘȤȍȏȕȍȑ ȟȍȔ
ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ ǷȘȐȊȐȓȍȋȐȧ
ǻȈȓȤȌ ȖȒȐȕțȓ DzȖȊȈȓȧ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ

99
— ȅȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ Ȍȓȧ șȚȖȘȖȎȍȑ ȕȈ șȚȈȕȞȐȧȝ
ǷȘȖȚȐȊ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȔȍȌȊȍȌȍȑ
— Ǩ ȗȘȐ șȓțȟȈȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȓȦȌȍȑ" ȅȝ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȥȚȖȑ
ȐȋȘțȠȒȐ ǷȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȉȣ ȧ ȥȚȐȔ șȒȖȚȈȔ
ǻȈȓȤȌ șȓțȠȈȓ ș ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȌȖȎȐȌȈȧșȤ
ȗȘȐȝȖȌȈ ȌȘțȋȐȝ
ǸȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ Ȑ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊȈ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ț ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȓȐȞ Ȑȏ ȗȈȘȚȐȐ ©țȟȍȕȣȝª
DzȖȊȈȓȧ ȖȒȘțȎȐȓȐ
— ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ" ǨȘȍșȚ"
— ǬȈ — ȍȌȊȈ ȖȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȧ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ —
ǹȖȊȍȚțȦ ȕȍ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȧȚȤșȧ Ǫȣ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȚȍ ȕȈș ȗȘȐȉȍȋȕțȚȤ Ȓ
șȐȓȍ
— ȇ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȋȓțȗ ǪȈȔ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȊȣȋȖȌȕȖ ȗȖȌ-
șȚȘȍȓȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȒ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȔȍȌȊȍȌȧ ȇ ȕȍ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȧȦșȤ
ȕȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȓȐ țȏȕȈȚȤ Ȋ ȟȍȔ Ȋȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȉȊȐȕȧȍȚȍ"
— ǶȉȡȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȊȈș ȒȈȒ țȉȐȑȞț șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȈ
ȀȊȈȘȞȍȊ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȘȈȏȊȍȓ ȖȚ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ
— Ǫȣ ȥȚȖ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ" ǰ ȀȊȈȘȞȣ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȉȐȚȣ" ǰ
Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋȣ ȖȉȊȐȕȧȍȚȍ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȍȘȍȘȍȏȈȓ ȥȚȐȝ ȔȐȓȣȝ ȕȍȔ-
ȟȐȒȖȊ" ǬȈ Ȋȣ ș țȔȈ șȖȠȓȐ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ DzȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ țȉȐȑ-
șȚȊȖ"
— ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȖȟȤȦ
— ȇ ȕȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȐȒțȌȈ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȉ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ț Ȕȍȕȧ
ȉȣȓȈ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊȈ Dz ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ ǵȍ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȓȐ ȊȈȔ ȋȖș-
ȗȖȌȈ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ Ȋ ȔȖȦ șȗȈȓȤȕȦ? ǵȍ șȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ, ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǻȈȓȤȌ,
ȚȈȒ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ — Ȋȣ ȗȓȖȝȖȑ ȀȍȘȓȖȒ ǽȖȓȔș ȇ ȕȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓ ȏȈșȈȌȣ ȕȖ ȊȈș ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȍȚ șȦȘȗȘȐȏ
Ǫ șȗȈȓȤȕȍ ©țȟȍȕȣȍª ȕȈȠȓȐ ȘȈȕȍȕȖȋȖ ǴȈȘȒțȏȖȊȈ Ȋ ȉȍș-
șȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗ ȕȖȟȕȖȔ ȗȘȐȝȖ-
Ȍȍ ȘȈȉȖȟȍȋȖ
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ Ȗȕ — țȉȐȑȞȈ"
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȦ ǭȋȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȕȐȓȐ ©Ǫșȍȝ țȉȐȓª
— ȖȚȕȖșȐȚșȧ Ȓ ȒȖȔț-ȚȖ ȌȘțȋȖȔț ǷȖșȚȈȘȈȑȚȍșȤ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ Ȋ
ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ǴȈȘȒțȏȖȊȈ Ƕȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȐșȚȐȕț
ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȕȕȖ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȖ ȕȍȌȈȊ-
ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȉȖȐȡȈ ǶȒȖȓȖ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȚȘȐ ȚȘțȗȈ ǩȖȓȤȕȐȟ-

100
ȕȣȍ șȓțȎȐȚȍȓȐ țȕȖșȐȓȐ ȘȈȕȍȕȣȝ ǺȖȓȗȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȝȔțȘȈȧ ȏȓȈȧ,
Ȑ Ȋ ȋȘȖȏȕȖȔ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓșȧ ȗȖȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȕȍȊ ȋȖ-
ȚȖȊȣȑ Ȓ ȕȖȊȖȔț ȊȏȘȣȊț
— ǿȚȖ șȒȈȎȍȔ ȐȔ" ǶȕȐ șȍȑȟȈș ȕȐȟȍȔț ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȧȚ
— ǪȐȕȖȊȍȕ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ DzȖȊȈȓȤ — ȘȍȠȐȓ ǻȈȓȤȌ — ȍȋȖ ȕȍ-
ȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȚȤ Ǭȓȧ ȍȋȖ Ȏȍ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ Ǩ ǴȈȘȒț-
ȏȖȊț ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȈȚȤ ȔȍȌȐȞȐȕșȒțȦ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ǹȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ
Ȋșȍ ȊȣȧșȕȐȚ
©ǻȟȍȕȣȍª șȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȒȖȕȊȖȑ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȍȓȐ ȈȘȍșȚȈȕȚȈ șȒȊȖȏȤ
ȚȖȓȗț
dzȦȌȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȘȈșȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ șȈȔȐȔ ȊȣȘȈ-
ȎȈȓȐ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȌȖȉȘȍȕȐȍ ȊȐȌȧ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ȌȍȓȖ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȊȏȧȓȈșȤ
©ȊȓȈșȚȤª ǬȈ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ©țȟȍȕȣȝª ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋșȍ ȏȕȈȦȚ țȔȍȦȚ
ȚȖȓȒȖȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȧȚȤ ȏȈȒȖȕȣ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ țȎȍ șȊȖȍ
©ȕȈȟȈȓȤșȚȊȖª
ǰȌȍȧ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȈ Ȑ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖșȚȐ ȖȓȐȞȍȚȊȖȘȧȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȚȘȖ-
ȋȐȝ ȜȐȋțȘȈȝ ȒȖȕȊȖȐȘȖȊ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȣȝ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȔ ȊȣșȠȍȋȖ ȌȖȓ-
ȋȈ, Ȑ Ȋ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȈȝ
DzȖȊȈȓȧ ȗȖȔȍșȚȐȓȐ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȕȍșȍȕȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ șȓȍȌȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȖȉȣȟȕȣȔ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐ-
ȊȣȔ ȚȖȕȖȔ șȚȈȓ ȊȣȠțȟȐȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȑ ȈȘȍșȚ
— ǪȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ Ȋȍȡȍȑ ǨȘȍ-
șȚȈȕȚ ȕȈȓȐȞȖ Ȉ ȚȦȘȤȔȣ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȑ ȕȍȚ ǻȉȍȌȐȓȐșȤ ȓȐ Ȋȣ
ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȧ ȊȈȠȈ ȏȈȚȍȧ ȕȐ Ȓ ȟȍȘȚț ȕȍ ȋȖȌȐȚșȧ" ǰȌȐȓȓȐȧ
ȘȈȑ ȏȍȔȕȖȑ Ǩ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ țȎȍ ȗȘȖȓȐȚȖ ȒȘȖȊȐ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȘțȗȖȊ
ǰ ȥȚȖ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕȍ ȋȌȍ ȕȈțȒȈ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȓȈ șȚȐȝȐȦ ȋȌȍ ȊȖȏȌțȝ Ȑ ȗȖȟ-
ȊȈ ȖȉȍȏȏȈȘȈȎȍȕȣ ȋȌȍ ǬȍȓȈȉȘȈȕȠ ȗȘȐșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ țȚȘȈȟȍȕȕȣȍ
ȟȓȍȕȣ ȚȍȓȈ ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȏȌȈȕȐȍȔ ȕȖ-
ȊȖȑ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȚȤ ȠȒȖȓȈ ȌȘțȋȐȍ — ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤ ȇ ȕȈ-
ȟȐȕȈȦ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȚȦȘȤȔȈ
ǵȖ ©țȟȍȕȣȔª ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȌȖ ȠțȚȖȒ Ȑ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ DzȖ-
ȊȈȓȦ
DzȖȔȕȈȚț ȕȍ ȏȈȗȍȘȓȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȐșȚȈȊȐȓȐ șȚȘȈȎȐ ǻȎ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȊȣȠȓȖ ȉȣ ȗȖȝȖȎȍ ȕȈ ©ȚȖȚ ȔȐȘª ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȓȦȌȐ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ
Ȋ ©șȚȘȈȕț șȟȈșȚȤȧª
ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓ Ȋ ȕȍȊȐȕȖȊȕȖșȚȤ DzȖȊȈȓȧ ǵȖ ȒȚȖ Ȏȍ ȚȖ-
ȋȌȈ țȉȐȑȞȈ"

ǬȖȗȘȖș ȖȟȕțȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ǴȈȘȒțȏȖȊȈ ȗȘȖȓȐȓ ȔȈȓȖ șȊȍȚȈ
ǸȈȉȖȟȐȑ Ƞȍȓ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȔȐȔȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȆșȚțșȈ ȀȊȈȘȞȈ țșȓȣ-
ȠȈȓ ȒȘȐȒȐ Ȗ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ șȚȖȕȣ ǷȘȖȠȍȓ ȚțȌȈ Ǫ ȌȊȍȘȧȝ șȚȖȓȒ-
ȕțȓșȧ ș ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȓȐȞȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ Ǫ
ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ țȌȈȘ Ȋ ȉȖȒ ȕȖ șȋȖȘȧȟȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȈȓ
ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ ȘȈȕȍ
Ǫ ȌȖȔȍ ȀȊȈȘȞȈ ǴȈȘȒțȏȖȊ țȊȐȌȈȓ șȚȘȈȠȕțȦ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț Ȇș-
Țțș ȍȋȖ ȎȍȕȈ ǴȐȕȈ ȌȊȖȍ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȗȓȈȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȐșȗțșȒȈȧ
ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ Ǫ ȒȖȓȣȉȍȓȐ ȕȈȌȘȣȊȟȈȚȖ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȋȘțȌ-
ȕȖȑ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ
ǷȖȚȘȧșȍȕȕȣȑ ǴȈȘȒțȏȖȊ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȊȔȍș-
Țȍ ș ȖȉȐȓȤȕȖ ȓȤȦȡȍȑșȧ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ Ȗȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȚȍȘȧȍȚ șȐȓȣ Ȑ
ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ Ȓ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȍȔț ȌȖȔț ȋȌȍ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȓ șȊȖȐȔ șȚțȒȖȔ
DzȖȊȈȓȧ
ǵȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ țȉȐȑȞȈ ȗȖ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȦ ǴȈȘȒțȏȖȊȈ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ DzȖȊȈȓȧ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȊȣșȖȒȖȋȖ ȘȖșȚȈ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊț ȊȕȐȏ ȗȖ-ȉȣȟȤȐ Ȑ ȉȣȓ ȉȓȖȕȌȐȕ
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȐȏȓȖȎȍȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈȘȖȌȕȣȔ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍȔ ǨȘȍ-
șȚȖȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ DzȖȊȈȓȧ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȤ
ǴȕȖȋȐȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȓȐ ȍȔț șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȍ Ȗ șȓțȟȐȊȠȍȔșȧ Ȑ Ȗȉ-
ȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȓȤȏț

102
DZșȎȐȎ ;;
ǸȀǼ ȁǯǶǷȄǮ
ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊț Ȑ ǻȈȓȤȌț ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȘȐ Ȗș-
ȕȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐȚșȧ ș ȕȍȦ Ȋ ȉțȌțȡȍȔ ȖȕȐ șȖȟ-
ȓȐ ȉȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȡȍȋȖ ȏȈ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ ȐȓȐ ȏȈ ȊȘȈȋȈ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȑ
ȎȐȏȕȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȏȈ ȊȘȈȋȈ șȖȞȐȈȓȐȏȔȈ
ǶșȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȊșȍȞȍȓȖ ȐȌȍȍ
ȓȦȌȍȑ ȊȣșȖȒȖȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȣȝ Ȑ ȋțȔȈȕȕȣȝ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȘȈȎȈ-
ȓȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȉȐȎȈȓȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȖȓȖ-
ȕȐșȚȈȔȐ ȗȖȔȐȔȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖșȚȐ ȉȍșȞȍȓȤȕȣ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȋȓț-
ȗȣDzȈȎȍȚșȧ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȈȕȖ ȓȦȌȧȔ ǮȐȊȐ Ȑ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȑșȧ
ȎȐȏȕȤȦ Ǩ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȦȚ ȏȊȍȘșȒȐȍ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȣ țȉȐȊȈȦȚ
ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ
ǺȖȟȕȖ ȥȗȐȌȍȔȐȧ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȑ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ©ǷȖȓȧȘȕțȦ ȐȔ-
ȗȍȘȐȦª
Ǫ ȓȍșț ȖȒȖȓȖ ȒȈȘȈȕȚȐȕȈ Ȋ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ ȕȈȐȔȍȕȍȍ ȗȖșȍ-
ȡȈȍȔȖȑ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȈȔȐ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȑȌȍȕ țȎȍ ȕȈȟȈȊȠȐȑ ȘȈȏȓȈȋȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȚȘțȗ ȔțȓȈȚȈ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȖȚȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȦȡȐȔ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈ-
ȏȐȍȔ ǭȋȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐ Ȋ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȦ ȗȖ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȦ ȅȊȍȓȐȕȣ ț ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȑ Ȗȕ ȘȈȕȍȍ șȓțȎȐȓ șȈȌȖȊȕȐȒȖȔ ǴțȓȈȚ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȣȓ ȘȖȊ-
ȕȣȔ ȌȖȉȘȣȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ Ȉ ȗȖȌ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍȔ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊȈ ȗȘȖȕȐȒ-
șȧ ȔȣșȓȤȦ Ȗ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȐ ȐȌȍȑ ȒȖȔȔțȕȐȏȔȈ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ
Ƕȕ ȔȍȟȚȈȓ șȖȏȌȈȚȤ Ȋ ©ǷȖȓȧȘȕȖȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȐª șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕțȦ ȒȖ-
ȓȖȕȐȦ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ Ȑ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ șȗȖșȖȉȕȣ Ȓ ȒțȓȤ-
ȚțȘȍ
ǵȈȓȐȞȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȗȧȚȤ țȉȐȑșȚȊȖ Ƕȉ ȥȚȖȔ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȓȈ șȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ ȘȈȕȈ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȓȍ
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȐ țȎȈșȕȣȍ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȗȖȚȘȧșȓȐ ȅȊȍȓȐȕț ǶȕȈ
ȚȈȒ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓȈ Ȋ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȐȚȤ ©șȚȘȈ-
ȕț șȟȈșȚȤȧª ǴȍȟȚȈ Ȗ ȕȍȑ șȗȈșȓȈ ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȍȘȠț ȖȚ ȘȈȏȖȟȈ-
ȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȖȚ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȗ șȈȔȖțȉȐȑșȚȊȍ Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ǭȍ-
ȊțȠȒȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȗȘȐȠ-
ȓȖ șȦȌȈ ȗȖȌ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȍ șȊȖȌȣ Ȑ ȒȈȒ șȗȘțȚ, ȘȈșȒȐȕțȓȖ ȖȚ-
ȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ șȓȐȏȐșȚȣȍ ȓȈȗȣ Ȑ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȓȦȌȍȑ șȊȖȐȔ

103
ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȍȔ
ǭȌȊȈ țȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊț Ȑ ǻȈȓȤȌț țșȗȖȒȈȐȊȈȚȤ ȅȊȍȓȐ-
ȕț Ȋ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȒȖȊ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ Ȋ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȣȝ
ȘȣȌȈȕȐȧȝ ȉȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȓț Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ Ȑ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ
— ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ǶȌȕȈ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȌȈȍȚ șȟȈșȚȤȍ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȊȏȘȣȊȖȊ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓȖ țșȗȖȒȖȍȕȐȍ ǴȍȘȚȊȣȝ ȗȖȝȖ-
ȘȖȕȐȓȐ ȘȈȕȍȕȣȍ ȉȣȓȐ șȌȈȕȣ ȕȈ ȘțȒȐ ǬȍȓȈȉȘȈȕȠȈ Ȑ ȌȘț-
ȋȐȝ ȐșȒțșȕȣȝ ȊȘȈȟȍȑ
DzȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ șȚȈȘȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈȉȣȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ
ǹȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȗȘȖȕȍșșȧ Ȑ Ȑșȟȍȏ ȋȕȍȊ Ȑ ȏȓȖ-
ȉȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȈșȣȚȐȓȐșȤ
ǰ ȗȘȐ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȐ șșȖȘ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȔȖȓȒȈȓȐ
Ȑ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȊ șȗȍȠȐȓȐ ȘȈȏȖȑȚȐșȤ
ǵȖ DzȖȊȈȓȧ ȔțȟȐȓȈ ȔȣșȓȤ ȒȚȖ țȉȐȓ"
DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȔ ȟȚȖ țȉȐȑȞȈ ȀȊȈȘȞȍȊ ȊȐȕȖȊȍȕ Ȋ
șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȑ ȔțȓȈȚȈ ǵȍ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȑ ȓȐ ȐșȒțșȕȖ șȒȘȣȊȈȦ-
ȡȐȑ șȊȖȦ ȚȈȑȕțȦ șȚȘȈșȚȤ Ȓ țȉȐȑșȚȊț"
ǰ DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȓȐȞȈ ȐȏțȟȈȓ Ȑȝ șȓȍȌȐȓ ȏȈ Ȋȣ-
ȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȋȓȈȏ ȖȎȐȌȈȧ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȊșȗȣȠȒȐ Ȗȋȕȧ ȉȍ-
ȏțȔȐȧ
ǺȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ țȉȐȓȐ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȕȐȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȖȉȧȏȣȊȈȓȖ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȐȔȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȍȔț ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȐȒȈ
ǿȈșȚȖ ȉȘȖȌȐȓ DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȗȖ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ ȖȉȌțȔȣȊȈȧ Ȑ ȘȈȏȔȣȠ-
ȓȧȧǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ Ȗȕ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȣȑ ȎȍȕșȒȐȑ ȗȓȈȟ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ
ȌȖȔȐȒȍ șȚȖȧȊȠȍȔ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȗȈȓȤȔȖȊȖȑ ȘȖȡȐ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȖȚ
ȗȖșȍȓȒȈ ©șȍȔȍȑȕȣȝª ǺȈȔ ȎȐȓȖ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȖ ȐȘȓȈȕȌȞȍȊ ǶȕȐ
ș șȈȔȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȍȏȌȈ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ Ȑ ȕȍ șȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ș ȌȘț-
ȋȐȔȐ ǷȈȚȘȐȒ-ȖȚȍȞ țȔȍȘ ȗȖșȓȍ șȊȈȓȒȐ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȟȍș-
ȒȖȑ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȖȑ Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȋ ȘȈȏȋȈȘ ȕȈȘȈșȚȈȊȠȐȝ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ
ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓșȧ ȐȘȓȈȕȌȞȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȕȐȧ ȟȚȖ ǷȈȚȘȐȒ-șȣȕ Ȑ ȍȋȖ șȍșȚȘȈ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓȐ ȧȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȣ Ȑ ȕȈ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȌȖȔȐȒ
ǽȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȅȓȤȏȈ șȐȌȍȓȈ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȖȗȍȘ-
ȠȐșȤ ȓȖȒȚȧȔȐ Ȗ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ǸțȒȐ ȍȍ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ
ȖȕȈ ȒȈȟȈȓȈșȤ ȊșȍȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ Ȋ ȘȐȚȔ ȗȘȐȟȐȚȈȕȐȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ Ȋȣ-

104
ȘȈȎȈȓȈ șȊȖȍ ȋȖȘȍ
— ǿȚȖ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ"
ȅȓȤȏȈ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ ȖȚ ȋȘțȉȖȋȖ ȔțȎșȒȖȋȖ ȋȖȓȖșȈ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧ-
ȓȈ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȕȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ Ǫ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȍȍ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓșȧ Ȑșȗțȋ ǶȕȐ ȕȈ-
ȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȘȖȉȒȖȋȖ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ ȋȈȏȍȓȐ ȖȎȐȌȈȦȡȍȑ
țȌȈȘȈ Ȑ ȚȘȍȗȍȡțȡȍȑ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȉȖȓȤȦ
— ǿȚȖ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ" — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ DzȖȊȈȓȤ — ǫȌȍ ȉȘȈȚ"
— ǻȠȍȓ — ȍȌȊȈ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȅȓȤȏȈ — ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ ǪȖȚ
țȎȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȧ ȒȈȒ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȚ
— ǶȚȟȍȋȖ Ȏȍ Țȣ ȕȐȒȖȔț Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȠȤ"
— ȇ ȉȖȦșȤ Ǫșȍȝ ȉȖȦșȤ ǯȓȣȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ ǻȉȐȓȐ ȖȚȞȈ Ȉ
Ȕȍȕȧ
ǹȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ ȘȣȌȈȕȐȧ ȗȖȚȘȧșȓȐ ȌȍȊțȠȒț DzȖȊȈȓȤ șȐȓȤȕȖ
ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓșȧ ǵȍ ȏȌȍșȤ ȓȐ ȚȈȐȚșȧ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȒȈ"
Ƕȕ țȔȍȓ ȉȣȚȤ ȓȈșȒȖȊȣȔ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ș ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗț-
ȋȓȐȊȈȧ ȅȓȤȏȈ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓȈșȤ ǵȖ ȌȖȉȐȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ Ȑș-
ȚȐȕȣ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ
— ȇ ȏȈȧȊȓȦ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ ȟȚȖ ȚȊȖȑ ȉȘȈȚ Ȑșȟȍȏ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ
ȚȖȎȍ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ
ȅȓȤȏȈ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓȈ Ȑ țȗȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ DzȖȊȈȓȍȔ
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍȚ ǷȘȖȠț Țȍȉȧ DzȈȒ ǩȖȋȈ ȔȖȓȦ ǵȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐ ȕȐ-
ȒȖȔț
ǷȖȌțȔȈȊ Ȗȕ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ ȝȘȈȕȐȚȤ ȚȈȑȕț ȕȖ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ ȘȍȠȐȓ
șȓȍȌȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȅȓȤȏȖȑ ǶȕȈ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȋȌȍ ȉȘȈȚ
©ǹȍȔȍȑȕȣȔª șȢȍșȚȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȗȈșȣ ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊ-
ȕȖ ȕȈ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȘȈȏȢȍȏȎȈȓ ȗȖ ȗȖ-
șȍȓȒț
ǪȣȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȌȕȈ ȅȓȤȏȈ Ȑ ȉȘȈȓȈ ȒȖȘȏȐȕț ǵȈ șȓțȟȈȑ-
ȕȣȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒȈ ©ǫȌȍ ȉȘȈȚ"ª ȖȕȈ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓȈ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕ-
ȕȖ ©ǵȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȍª
©ǭșȓȐ ǷȈȚȘȐȒ șȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȅȓȤȏȈ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ
ȍȔț ȗȐȡțª
ǶșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȚȤ ȕȐȟȤȐȝ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȑ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ șȚȈȓ ȌȍȎțȘȐȚȤ ȌȕȍȔ Ȉ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ Ȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȌȖ-
ȔȐȒȈ ȐȘȓȈȕȌȞȍȊ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ș
ȔȍȠȒȖȔ ȗțȋȓȐȊȖ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȦȡțȦșȧ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȟȈȡț ȗȈȓȤȔȖȊȖȑ
ȘȖȡȐ

105
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȏȈ ȕȍȦ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ
ȅȓȤȏȈ ȠȓȈ ȗȖ țȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȔ ȌȖȘȖȎȒȈȔ Ȑ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȌȍȘȎȈ-
ȓȈ ȗțȚȤ Ȓ ȒȈȘȈȕȚȐȕț
ǹȓȍȌȐȚȤ șȚȈȓȖ ȚȘțȌȕȍȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖ-
ȓȧȕȒȈ DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȌȖȎȌȈȓșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȗȍȘȍȠȓȈ ȍȍ Ȑ ȊȕȖȊȤ
țȋȓțȉȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȓȍș ȋȌȍ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȚȘțȗ ȔțȓȈȚȈ Ȑ ȊȖȏȖȉȕȖȊȐȓ ȗȘȍ-
șȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ
ǶȒȖȓȖ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȋȖ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȈ ȅȓȤȏȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈ ș țșȐȓȐȍȔ
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȈ șȊȖȑ ȔȍȠȖȒ Ȑ ȊȏȧȓȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ
ȗțșȚȖȑ DzȈȔȍȕȤ ȖȕȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȈȊȈȓȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȧȔȒț
ǹȌȍȓȈȊ șȊȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȖ țȌȈȓȐȓȈșȤ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȏȈșȈȌȍ
ǷȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȎȌȈȚȤ ȟȈșȈ ȚȘȐ ȅȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȏȈȠ-
ȓȖ ȕȖ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȘțȟȤȧ ȉȣȓ ȧșȕȖ ȊȐȌȍȕ ȗȘȐ șȊȍȚȍ ȗȖȓȧȘȕȖȋȖ șȐȧ-
ȕȐȧǪȌȘțȋ Ȑȏ ȒȘȈȧ ȘȈșșȍȓȐȕȣ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ Ȉ ȏȈ ȕȍȦ
ȊȣȗȖȓȏȓȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȏȍȔȐșȚȈȧ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȗȓȍȟȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ DzȖȊȈȓȤ
ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȖȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȐȘȓȈȕȌȞȈȔȐ țȏȕȈȓ ǷȈȚȘȐȒȈ
ǼȐȋțȘȈ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȒȈȔȕȦ ȕȈȋȕțȓȈșȤ
DzȈȒ ȌȐȒȈȧ ȒȖȠȒȈ Ȋ ȌȊȈ ȗȘȣȎȒȈ DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ ȖȒȖ-
ȓȖ ǷȈȚȘȐȒȈ Ȑ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ șȏȈȌȐ ȗȖȌ ȓȖȒȚȐ ǰȘȓȈȕȌȍȞ șȚȈȓ
ȐȏȊȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒ țȋȖȘȤ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ țȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ Ȑȏ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȝ
ȖȉȢȧȚȐȑ
— ǷțșȚȐ ȗțșȚȐ Ȕȍȕȧ
—ǬȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ Țȣ Ȕȍȕȧ țȉȐȓ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ ȀȊȈȘȞȍȊ Ȑ ȔțȓȈ-
ȚȈ" ǷȈȚȘȐȒ ȏȈȚȐȝ Ȑ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȖ ȏȈșȚȖȕȈȓ
— ǸȈȏȊȍ Țȣ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ"
— Ǫșȍ ȏȕȈȦ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȕȍȕȧ țȉȐȓȈ ȚȖȓȗȈ Țȣ ȉȣȓ ȉȣ Ȋȕȍ
ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȑ
— Ǻȣ șȒȈȎȍȠȤ" Ǻȣ ȊȣȌȈȠȤ Ȕȍȕȧ"
— ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȧ Țȍȉȍ șȊȧȎț ȘțȒȐ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ
ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȔ ǻ Țȍȉȧ ȒșȚȈȚȐ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȐ ȏȈ ȗȖȧșȖȔ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȒȘțȚȐȓ ȐȘȓȈȕȌȞȈ Ȑ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȒȖ-
ȕȍȞ ȌȍȘȎȈ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȐ
— ǹȈȌȐșȤ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐ Ȋșȍ ȇ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȒȖ-
ȓȖȕȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ Țȍȉȧ șȗȈșȚȐ
— ǶȉȍȡȈȑ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȈȠȤ

— Ǻșș DzȚȖ-ȚȖ ȐȌȍȚ
Ǫ ȓȍșț ȏȈȝȘțșȚȍȓȐ ȊȍȚȒȐ
— ǷȖȒȈȎȐ ȋȌȍ Țȣ ȗȘȧȟȍȠȤșȧ
— ǺȈȔ ȏȈ țșȚțȗȖȔ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȐȘȓȈȕȌȞȈ ȗȖȗȍȘȍȒ ȚȍȓȈ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȐȔ
șȒȘȣȓșȧ șȘȍȌȐ ȗȘȐȉȘȍȎȕȣȝ șȒȈȓ ȀțȔ ȒȓȖȒȖȟțȡȍȋȖ ȘțȟȤȧ
ȏȈȋȓțȠȈȓ ȠȈȋȐ

108
ȌȖȝȕțȚȤ
ǷȈȚȘȐȒ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȉȖȧșȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖș ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȌȍȚ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȑȏ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȖȊ ȕȖ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȐ șȚȈȓ
ȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȈȚȤ ȘțȒȐ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȕȖ ȧ ȖȚȕȐȔț ț Țȍȉȧ ȕȖȎ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȧȎț ȊȍȘȍȊȒț Ȓ
ȗȖȧșț ǷȖȔȕȐ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȑ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȍ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȧ Țȍȉȧ
șȉȘȖȠț Ȋ ȥȚț ȟȍȘȚȖȊț ȌȣȘț
ǺȈȑȕȖȍ țȉȍȎȐȡȍ ȐȘȓȈȕȌȞȈ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȍȡȍȘȖȑ,
Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣ ȗȖȔȍșȚȐȚȤșȧ ȌȖ șȚȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
— ǭșȚȤ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ — ȗȖȔȍȕȤȠȍ — ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ ǷȈȚȘȐȒ — ǬȖ-
șȚțȗ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȍȡȍ ȚȘțȌȕȍȍ
Ǫ ȗȍȡȍȘȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȍȗȓȖ ǪȖȏȌțȝ țȊȓȈȎȕȧȓșȧ ȐșȗȈȘȍȕȐȧȔȐ
ȗȖȚȖȒȈ ȕȖ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȍ șȍȘȕȐșȚȖȋȖ ȋȈȏȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȕȐȟȚȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȊȘȍȌȐȚȤ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȦ
—Ǩ Țȣ ȕȍ ȉȖȐȠȤșȧ ȘȈȏȊȖȌȐȚȤ ȏȌȍșȤ ȖȋȖȕȤ"
— ȇ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȈȎȐȋȈȦ ǷȖȑȌȍȔ ȗȖȒȈȎț ȔȖȦ ȒțȝȕȦ
ǶȉȈ șȗțșȚȐȓȐșȤ ȕȐȎȍ Ȓ șȈȔȖȔț ȋȖȘȧȟȍȔț ȗȖȚȖȒț ǯȌȍșȤ
Ȗȕ țȝȖȌȐȓ ȗȖȌ șȊȖȌ ǮȈȘȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍșȚȍȘȗȐȔȈȧ Ȑ ȌȣȠȈȓȖșȤ ș
ȚȘțȌȖȔ ǺȍȔȗȍȘȈȚțȘȈ ȗȖȚȖȒȈ ȕȈșȣȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȖȓȧȔȐ Ȑ ȕȈȋȘȍ-
ȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȦ ȗȘȐ ȊȣșȖȒȖȔ ȌȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȊȣȠȍ 100°.
ȅȚȖ ȐȏȉȈȊȓȧȓȖ ǷȈȚȘȐȒȈ ȖȚ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȐ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȚȤ
ȖȟȈȋ ǹȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȚȤ ȒȖȚȍȓȖȒ Ȋ ȋȖ-
ȘȧȟȐȑ ȗȖȚȖȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȊȈȘȐȚȤ ȗȐȡț
— ǴȖȓȖȌȍȞ — ȗȖȝȊȈȓȐȓ DzȖȊȈȓȤ țȌȈȘȧȧ ȗȖ ȗȓȍȟț ǷȈ-
ȚȘȐȒȈ — DzȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȚȊȖȧ ȋȓțȗȈȧ ȉȈȠȒȈ ȌȖȌțȔȈȓȈșȤ" Ǻȍȉȍ ȉȣ
ǸȖȉȐȕȏȖȕȖȔ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȖȉȐȚȈȍȔȖȔ ȖșȚȘȖȊȍ
ǽȖȏȧȑșȚȊȖ ȐȘȓȈȕȌȞȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖșȓȖȎȕȖ ǹȗȈȓ Ȗȕ ȕȈ
ȗțȒȍ șțȝȖȑ ȚȘȈȊȣ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȕȈȚȈșȒȈȓ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ ǵȖȎ ȚȖȗȖȘ
Ȑ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȜȖȕȈȘȤ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȉȍȋȓȍ-
ȞȈ ǹȢȍșȚȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȗȈșȣ ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȅȓȤ-
ȏȈ
—Ǻȣ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȊȏȧȚȤ ȔȍȠȖȒ ȇ ȋȖȓȖȌȍȕ
—ǹȚțȗȈȑ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȍșȐ ǩțȌț ȎȌȈȚȤ
ǷȈȚȘȐȒ șȒȖȘȖ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ș ȎȈȌȕȖșȚȤȦ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȍȌț
Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȘȣȊȈȧșȤ ȗȐȓ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȓȈ ȉțȚȣȓȒȐ ȊȐșȒȐ
—ǩțȌȍȚ ǶȌțȘȍȍȠȤ ǵȍȉȖșȤ, Ȑ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȓ ȗȤȧȕȣȑ"
ǷȈȚȘȐȒ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ ȖȚ țȎȈșȕȖȋȖ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧ Ȑ șȒȖȘȟȐȓ-

109
șȧ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȊ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖȗțșȚȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț
— ǵț ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȑ Ǻȣ țȉȐȓ"
ǷȈȚȘȐȒ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȊȌȘțȋ ȔȈȝȈȚȤ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȊȍșȤ ȊȏȊȖȓ-
ȕȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȚȘȧșȍȕȕȣȑ
— ǷȖȌȓȍȞȣ ȕȍȋȖȌȧȐ ǿȚȖ ȖȕȐ șȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȅȓȤȏȈ ȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ
Ȗȉ ȖȚȞȍ ǻȉȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȧ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȖȕȈ șȐȌȐȚ ȉȓȍȌȕȈȧ
ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ-ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ǹȓȖȊȕȖ șȚȖȓȉȕȧȒ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ȕȈȠȍȓ
©ǿȚȖ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ"ª ǴȖȓȟȐȚ DzȈȔȍȕȕȈȧ șȌȍȓȈȓȈșȤ ǻȗȈȓȈ ȗȖȚȖȔ
ȕȈ ȗȖȓ ȒȈȚȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ șțȌȖȘȖȋȈȝ Ȋșȧ ǷȖȚȖȔ țȏȕȈȓ ȧ ǴțȓȈȚ ȍȍ

110
ȐȏȕȈșȐȓȖȊȈȓ ǯȈȊȍȓ Ȋ ȓȍș ȘȖȚ ȚȘȧȗȒȖȑ ȏȈȚȒȕțȓ ǿȚȖ ȝȖȚȍȓ
— ȌȍȓȈȓ
ǷȈȚȘȐȒ ȌȣȠȈȓ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈȓȐȓȐșȤ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ
— ǵȍȋȘ ǫȕțș ǯȊȈȓ ȅȓȤȏț ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȋ ȓȍș ȇ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȑ
ȟȚȖȉȣ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓȈșȤ ǹȈȔ șȗȘȧȚȈȓșȧ ȚȈȔ Ȏȍ Ƕȉȕȧȓ Ȗȕ ȍȍ Ȉ ȧ
ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȑ ȕȖȎ ȍȔț Ȋ șȗȐȕț Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȓ Ȑ ȋȖȘȓȖ
ȘȍȏȈȓ ȘȍȏȈȓ DzȘȖȊȤ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȝȓȍȡȍȚ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȌțȔȈȦ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ — țȉȐȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǷȖȑȌț ȖȚȖȔ-
ȡț ȏȈ ȖȚȞȈ ȀȊȈȘȞȈ ȏȈȘȍȏȈȓ șȖȕȕȖȋȖ ǷȘȖșȕțȓȈșȤ ȍȋȖ ȎȍȕȈ
ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ ȧ ȍȍ ȚȖȗȖȘȖȔ ǬȍȚȐ ȏȈȊȣȓȐ — ȧ Ȑȝ ǩȍȎȈȚȤ ȕȈ-
ȌȖ DzȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȋ ȌȖȔ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȇ ȍȋȖ țȌȈȘȐȓ ȕȖȎȖȔ Ȋ ȉȖȒ.
ǩȍȎȈȓ șȈȔ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȒțȌȈ ǷȖȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȖȚ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǹȏȈȌȐ șȓȣ-
Ƞț ȘȍȊȍȚ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘȣ ȔȐȋȈȦȚ ǬȖȉȍ-
ȎȈȓ ȌȖ ȘțȟȤȧ ǽȖȚȍȓ țȚȖȗȐȚȤșȧ ǹȗȘȧȚȈȓșȧ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȑ ȗȍȡȍ-
Șț ȥȚț ȕȈȠȍȓ ǷȖȊȐȌȈȓșȧ ș ȅȓȤȏȖȑ ǶȕȈ Ȕȕȍ ȗȐȡț ȕȖșȐȚ ǪȖȚ
Ȑ Ȋșȍ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ ș ȧȊȕȣȔ ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȐȍȔ
— ǬȈ ȕȈȌȍȓȈȓ Țȣ Ȍȍȓ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ǹȈȔ ȊȍȌȤ ȏȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ țȉȤȍȠȤ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȊȍȌȍȚ ȏȈ șȖ-
ȉȖȦ ȕȖȎ ȚȖȗȖȘ ǶȚ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȓ ǰȏ ȚȘțșȖșȚȐ ȗȍȘȍȘȍȏȈȓ
ȞȍȓțȦ șȍȔȤȦ ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ Țȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȌțȔȈȍȠȤ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ"
— ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ǵȍ ȊȣȌȈȊȈȑ Ȕȍȕȧ
— ǿȍȋȖ Ȏȍ Țȣ ȉȖȐȠȤșȧ" ǯȌȍșȤ ȕȍȚ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȑ ȊȐșȍȓȐ-
Ȟȣ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȑ ȋȐȓȤȖȚȐȕȣ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍș-
ȒȖȋȖ șȚțȓȈ ǷȘȖȌȍȘȎȈȚ Ȋ ȚȦȘȤȔȍ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȚȒȘȖȍȚșȧ ȕȈȊȐ-
ȋȈȞȐȧ ȖȚȊȍȏțȚ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖȘȚ ȌȈ ȍȡȍ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȌȈȌțȚ
— ȅȓȤȏȍ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȟȚȖ țȉȐȑȞȈ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖ șțȔȈșȠȍȌ-
ȠȐȑ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȕȈȑȚȐ Ȑ ȗȖșȈȌȐȚȤ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞț
— ǵț Ȑ șȐȌȐ DzȖȘȔȐȚȤ ȉțȌțȚ ȓȍȟȐȚȤ — Ȋșȍ țȌȖȉșȚȊȈ
— ȅȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȝțȎȍ ȊȐșȍȓȐȞȣ ǺȈ — șȘȈȏț Ǩ ȏȌȍșȤ ȔțȟȐȚȤ
ȉțȌțȚ DzȖȋȌȈ ȍȡȍ țȔȘȍȠȤ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ
— ǬȈ Țȣ — ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜ ȇ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȉȣȚȤ șȖȝȘȈȕȦ
ȚȊȖȦ ȚȈȑȕț ȕȖ ȗȘȐ ȖȌȕȖȔ țșȓȖȊȐȐ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ
ȔȖȐȔ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȧȔ ǹȖȋȓȈșȍȕ"
ǷȈȚȘȐȒ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȒȐȊȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȒȈȎȐ Ȕȕȍ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȗȍȡȍȘȣ
ǰȝ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȖȕȐ

ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ
ǶȒȖȓȖ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȗȖȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȔ DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ
— ǩțȌȍȠȤ ȎȐȚȤ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȉ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȗȍȡȍȘț ȝȖȌȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȏȈ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ȊȣșȚȈȊȓȍȕ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȎȌȈȦȡȐȑ șȐȋȕȈȓ
ȟȚȖ ȊȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȚțȌȈ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ǿȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ — țȊȐȌȐȔ Ǩ
ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐ șȍșȚȘȍ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓșȧ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗțȚȍȠȍ-
șȚȊȐȧ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ ȉȣȓȐ șȖȉȘȈȕȣ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȈ Ȗȉȡȍȍ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ
Ȑ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ ȗȖ Ȍȍȓț Ȗ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ țȉȐȑ-
șȚȊȈȝ
— Ǭȓȧ șȓȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȐșșȐȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȓȍȎȈȓȖ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȦ
ȟȚȖ țȉȐȑșȚȊȖ șȍȔȤȐ ȀȊȈȘȞȍȊ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȗșȐȝȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐ ȉȖȓȤȕȣȔ Ȉ ȕȍ ȏȓȖȌȍȍȔ ǶșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȍȋȖ
Ǵȣ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓȐ ȚȈȑȕȖ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȒț Ȋșȍȝ ȟȓȍȕȖȊ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ Ȑ ȖȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ǷȈȚȘȐȒ-ȐȘȓȈȕȌȍȞ Ȑșȟȍȏ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȖ ȒțȌȈ ǹȍșȚȘȈ
ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȓȈ ȥȚȖ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȌȈȚȤ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȑ
ǻȉȍȎȐȡȍ șȒȘȣȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȍȕȖ ǵȖ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȕȈ
ȉȍȘȍȋț ȋȖȘȧȟȍȋȖ ȘțȟȤȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈȑȌȍȕȈ ȏȈȗȐșȒȈ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ șȖȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȕȐȧ ©ȇ țȉȐȓ ȔțȓȈȚȈ ȏȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓ ȕȈșȐȓȐȍ ȕȈȌ
ȅȓȤȏȖȑ Ȑ țȉȐȓ șȍȔȤȦ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȋȖ ȕȍȔȞȈ țȉȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȔȖȍȋȖ
ȖȚȞȈ ȇ ȖȚȖȔșȚȐȓ ȇ șȒȘȣȊȈȓșȧ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȖ Ȋȣ ȗȖ-
ȠȓȐ ȗȖ ȔȖȐȔ șȓȍȌȈȔ ǬȍȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍȒțȌȈ ȇ ȒȖȕȟȈȦ ȌȖȉȘȖ-
ȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȈȔȖțȉȐȑșȚȊȖȔ ǷțșȚȤ ȒȐȗȧȡȐȑ ȗȖȚȖȒ ȗȖȋȓȖȚȐȚ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ǷȈȚȘȐȒ-ȔȓȈȌȠȐȑª ǵȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȑ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȚȈȒ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȓ
ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȋȐȉ ǵȍ ȉțȌȍȔ ȖșțȎȌȈȚȤ ȉȍȏțȔȞȈ
DzȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȕȐ țȎȈșȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȓțȟȠȐȑ ȐșȝȖȌ
©ǷȘȍȌșȔȍȘȚȕțȦª ȏȈȗȐșȒț ǷȈȚȘȐȒ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ȗȖȌ ȌȐȒȚȖȊ-
Ȓț DzȖȊȈȓȧ

112
DZșȎȐȎ XXII
ǸǮȌȇǶǷǿȍ DzȊȍǰǼǹ
ǶșțȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈ ȔȍșȧȟȕȖȍ ȐȏȋȕȈȕȐȍ DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȐ-
ȔȈȓ țȟȈșȚȐȧ Ȋ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȝ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȘȖȒ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ȒȖȕȟȐȓșȧ
ȘȧȌ ȘȈȏȣȋȘȈȊȠȐȝșȧ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ ȕȈȘțȠȐȓ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȑ ȝȖȌ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ Ȑ ȘȍȋțȓȧȘȕȣȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ
ǵȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȕȍȔȕȖȋț țșȗȖȒȖȐȓȖșȤ ©țȟȍȕȣȍª ȗȖșȗȍ-
ȠȐȓȐ ȊȖȏȖȉȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌșȚȊȖ Ȋ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȌȖȉȣȊȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȔȐȕȍȘȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊ Ȋ ȘțȌȕȐȒȈȝ
— ǺȘțȌ — ȓțȟȠȍȍ ȓȍȒȈȘșȚȊȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȥȗȐȌȍȔȐȐ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍ-
ȕȐȑ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǻȈȓȤȌ
©ǻȟȍȕȣȍª ȊȗȖȓȕȍ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓȐșȤ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȔȕȍȕȐȍȔ
ǶȌȕȈ ȅȊȍȓȐȕȈ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȗȖȝțȌȍȊȠȈȧ
ȉȓȍȌȕȈȧ ȋȘțșȚȕȈȧ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈ ȔȖȓȟȈȚȤ Ȑ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ
ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȊȖȏȘȖȌȐȚȤ ȕȈȌȍȎȌț
ǷȍȘȊȣȑ ȗțȕȒȚ ©ǸȈȉȖȟȍȋȖ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈª ȋȓȈșȐȓ
©ǺȘțȌ ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȍȕ Ȍȓȧ Ȋșȍȝª
ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȓ ©țȟȍȕȣȔª Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ©ȇ ȝȖȟț
ȖȗȧȚȤ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ Ȋ ȘțȌȕȐȒȈȝª Țȍ ȕȍ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȣȝ ȊȖȏ-
ȘȈȎȍȕȐȑ
ǰ ȝȖȚȧ Ȋșȍ ȒȐȗȍȓȖ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ ǻȈȓȤȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ
DzȖȊȈȓȧ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȕȈ șȍȉȍ ȍȋȖ ȌȍȘȏȒȐȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȐȍ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȣȔ
ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȗȐȚȈȓ ǻȈȓȤȌ Ȓ DzȖȊȈ-
ȓȦ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȉȍȏ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȧ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ țȔȕȖȋȖ
ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ șȘȈȏț ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȘȖȓȤ ȕȈȌșȔȖȚȘȡȐȒȈ ȏȈ ȘțȌȕȐȟȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȔȈȠȐȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȗȘȖșȚȣȔ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȚȍȓȍȔ Ǫ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȔ Ȑȏ țȟȈșȚȒȖȊ ȠȈȝȚȣ Ȗȕ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍșȚȐ ȖȗȣȚ ǷȘȐ
ȘȈȏȣșȒȈȕȐȐ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȎȐȓ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȝ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȖȊ Ȋ ȚȊȍȘȌȖȑ
ȒȊȈȘȞȍȊȖȑ ȗȖȘȖȌȍ șȊȍȘȓȐȓȐșȤ ȋȈȓȍȘȍȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȐȕȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȉȘȖșȈȚȤ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ țȔȍȕȤȠȐȚȤ ȌȐȈȔȍȚȘ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȋȈȓȍȘȍȑ
ȌȖ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȊ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȣȝ ȓȐȠȤ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȌȐȕ ȘȈȉȖ-
ȟȐȑ ȓȍȎȈ ȕȈ ȎȐȊȖȚȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȘȐȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȚȤ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȟȍșȒȖȍ șȊȍȘȓȖ

113
— ǵȖ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȑ ȏȈȌȖȝȕȍȚșȧ ȖȚ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȒȈ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ — ȊȖȏ-
ȘȈȏȐȓ ǻȈȓȤȌ
— ǯȈȔȍȕȐȚȍ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȍ șȊȍȘȓȖ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦȡȐȔ
șȎȈȚȣȔ ȊȖȏȌțȝȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ, ȖȚȘȈȉȖȚȈȊȠȐ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚȤ
șȐȓȤȕȖȑ șȚȘțȍȑ Ȑ ȊȍȕȚȐȓȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȋȈȓȍȘȍȦ
ǶȗȣȚ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ țȌȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓ șȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ
— ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȏȈȚȒȕȍȚ ȏȈ ȗȖȧș șȈȔȖȋȖ ǻȈȓȤȌȈ Ǩ
ȕȐȋȌȍ ȕȍ țȟȐȓșȧ
DzȖȊȈȓȧ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ șȟȐȚȈȓȐ ȏȈ ©șȊȖȍȋȖª Ȑ ȍȋȖ țșȗȍȝȖȔ ȋȖȘ-
ȌȐȓȐșȤ
— ǵȈȠ ȍșȓȐ ȏȈȝȖȟȍȚ șȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȕȍ ȝțȎȍ ©țȟȍȕȣȝª
ǯȌȍșȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȖ ȒȓȈșșȖȊȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ șȚȈȊȐȚ ȗȘȍ-
ȋȘȈȌț ȌȈȎȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȘȈȉȖȟȐȔ Ȑ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȐȋȍȕȚȖȔ-șȖȞȐȈȓȐșȚȖȔ
ǻȈȓȤȌ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȉ ȖȗȣȚȍ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊț
— ǵȖ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ ǵȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȍ ȔȈ-
ȠȐȕ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦȡȐȝ șȎȈȚȣȔ ȊȖȏȌțȝȖȔ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȘȐ
ȗȘȖȘȣȚȐȐ Țțȕȕȍȓȍȑ
— ǹȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȊȍȘȕȖ
— Ǫ ȕȍȔ ȍșȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȖȉȈȧȕȐȍ ǷȖșȓȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȍȋȖ ȗȖșȚțȗ-
ȒȖȊ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓ ș ȕȐȔ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ǹȈȔ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȑ ȖȚ-
ȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖ șȖȏȕȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȗșȐȝȐȟȍșȒȈȧ
ȉȖȓȍȏȕȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȈȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȥȗȐȌȍȔȐȧ ǶȉȢȧșȕȧȍȚ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȖșȚȘȖțȔȕȖ: ©ȅȚȖ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȈȚȈȊȐȏȔ ǺȖ Ȏȍ
ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ș ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȌȘȍșșȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȎȐȊȖȚ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȗȈȊȠȐȔȐ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȦ ǶȕȐ ȉȍșȧȚșȧ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȌȐȟȈȦȚ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȌȘȍșșȐȘȖȊȈȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȊșȧȒȐȍ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȐ ȊȍȒȈȔȐ Ȉ ȏȌȍșȤ
— ȗȖȓȕȈȧ șȊȖȉȖȌȈ ǹȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȘȍȏȖȒ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌ Ȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊșȗȖȔ-
ȕȐȓ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȍȒȈ ǶȉȈȓȌȍȓ Ȑ ȖȏȊȍȘȍȓª ǷȘȧȔȖ șȖ-
ȏȕȈȍȚșȧ ©Ǵȕȍ șȚȣȌȕȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȈȌȍȓȈȓª ǰ ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȌȈȚȤ ȅȊȍȓȐȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȋȓȈȏ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ ȕȍ șȔȍȍȚ ǹȖȊșȍȔ ȒȘȖȚ-
ȒȈȧ ȖȊȍȟȒȈ
— ǵȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȓȐ"
ǶȉȢȧșȕȐȓșȧ DzȖȊȈȓȤ Ȑ ș ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊȣȔ ǷȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ
ȕȍȔț Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȏȈȌțȠȍȊȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— ǷȘȖșȚȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȖȉȐȎȈȦȡȐȑșȧ Ȑ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȡȈȦȡȐȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȕȈ țȌȖȟȒț Ƕȕ țȎȍ țșȗȍȓ ȖȉȌțȔȈȚȤ ȊȍșȤ ©Ȑȕ-
ȞȐȌȍȕȚª șȊȖȍȑ șțȗȘțȎȍșȒȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ ȌȖȌțȔȈȓșȧ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ

114
ȗȖșȚțȗȖȒ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȒțȓȤȚțȘȍȕ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ǵȈȚȈȠȈ ȐȔȍȓȈ ȗȘȈȊȖ
ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȎȌȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ șȔȣșȓȍ șȖș-
ȚȖȧȓȖșȤ Ȑ Ȗȉȡȍȍ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ Ǩ Ȍȓȧ ǪȖș-
ȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊȣȝ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖ ȋȖȓȖșȖȊ ȊȈȎȕȍȍ ȌȖȊȖȌȖȊ ȓȐȟȕȖ-
ȋȖ țȔȈ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ dzȐȠȤ ȉȣ ȋȖȓȖșȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȊșȍȖȉȡȍȍ ȘȈȊȕȖȍ Ȑ
ȗȘȧȔȖȍ Ȉ ȗȖ Ȍȍȓț ȖȉȊȐȕȍȕȐȧ ǵȈȚȈȠȐ ȖȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ ȚȈȑȕȖȍ
ǰ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȖȌȈȓ ȘțȒț DzȖȊȈȓȦ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ șȚȈȓ ȍȔț
ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȍ-ȌȓȐȕȕȖȍ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ț DzȖȊȈȓȧ ȕȍ ȝȊȈ-
ȚȐȓȖ ȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȧ șȓțȠȈȚȤ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ ȉȍșȍȌț
— Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȍȘȕȖ ǵȖ ȋȓȈȊȕȈȧ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȈ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ țȗț-
șȚȐȓȐ Ȑȏ ȊȐȌț ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȐ ȗȘȐȊȐȚȣȍ ȕȈȔ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
Ȍȣ ǻȔȖȔ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȍȔ ȗȖȓȕțȦ șȊȖȉȖȌț ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐ Ȉ ȕȈ Ȍȍ-
ȓȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȔ șȉȘȖșȐȚȤ ȊȍȚȝȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ Ȋ șȜȍȘȍ
ȗȖȓȖȊȖȋȖ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȕȈțȟȕȖ ȕȖ ȌȈȎȍ șȖ șȓȍȏȖȑ
ȗȘȖȓȐȚȖȑ ȗȖ ȗȖȊȖȌț ȐșȒȈȓȍȟȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖȔ
șȘȍȌȖȑ Ȑ Ț Ȍ ǰ ȗȘȐȔȐȘȍȕȐȍ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊȈ ș DzȖȊȈȓȍȔ șȖ-
șȚȖȧȓȖșȤ
ǹȓțȟȈȑ șȊȍȓ Ȑ ȖșȒȖȘȉȐȚȍȓȧ ș ȖșȒȖȘȉȓȍȕȕȖȑ
ȅȊȍȓȐȕȈ ȟȈșȚȖ ȋțȓȧȓȈ ȖȌȕȈ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȧșȤ ȋȘțșȚȕȖȔț ȕȈșȚ-
ȘȖȍȕȐȦ Ȑ ȕȍȊȍșȍȓȣȔ ȔȣșȓȧȔ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȖȕȈ șȚȖȓȒȕțȓȈșȤ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȓ ȓȐȞț ș DzȖȊȈȓȍȔ Ȋ ȗȈ-
ȓȤȔȖȊȖȑ ȘȖȡȍ ǰȕșȚȐȕȒȚȐȊȕȖ țșȒȖȘȐȓȈ ȠȈȋȐ DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȌȈȓ
ȌȖȘȖȋț ȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧȊȕȖ ȊȖȓȕțȧșȤ
— ǪȣșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ Ƕȉ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȗȘȖȠț ȌȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ
— Dz ȟȍȔț" ȇ ȕȍ șȍȘȎțșȤ dzțȟȠȍ ȏȈȉȣȚȤ
ǵȖ ȗȘȍȊȖȏȔȖȋȓȖ ȎȍȕșȒȖȍ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ
șȒȈȎȍȚ Ȋ șȊȖȍ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȕȐȍ ǰ ȅȊȍȓȐȕȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȋȖȘȧȟȖ Ȑ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖ Ǫ ȧȘȒȐȝ ȖȉȘȈȏȈȝ ȖȟȍȘ-
ȚȐȓ șȊȖȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȍ ȉȖȘȤȉț ș ȓȦȌȤȔȐ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ș ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ
— Ǵȍȕȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȕȍ șȓȖȔȐȓȈ ȕȖ ȖȏȓȖȉȐȓȈ ȘȈȏȊȐȓȈ ȉȖȓȍȏ-
ȕȍȕȕȖȍ șȈȔȖȓȦȉȐȍ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ǪȈȠȍ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȍ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȖșȒȖȘȉȐȓȖ ǷȖȟțȧȓȖșȤ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ șȊȍȘȝț ȊȕȐȏ ȖȉȐȌ-
ȕȖȍ șȕȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȇ ȉȣȓ țȉȍȎȌȍȕ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȖ ȗȘȍȌȊȈ-
ȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔț țȋȖȊȖȘț ǷȖșȖȊȍȚȖȊȈȓȐ ȊȈȠȐ ȌȘțȏȤȧ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȌȖȗȘȖșȈ ȊȣȗȣȚȣȊȈȕȐȧ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȖ ȓȐȞț
— ǬȈ ȥȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȕȍ ȚȖ ǵȍ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡțȦ ȗȘȈȊȌț ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ǪșȒȐ-

ȗȍȓȈ ȖȉȐȌȖȑ ȌțȠȈ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ȗȍȘȍȌ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȑ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȉȣȓ șȗȈșȖȊȈȚȤ țȕȐȏȐȚȤșȧ ǿțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȍș-
ȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟțȚȤ ȗȖȌȌȈȔșȧ Ȋȣ șȚȈȕȍȚȍ ȋȖșȗȖȎȖȑ ȔȖȍȑ ȊȖȓȐ
ǰ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȑ șȍȉȍ Ȑ ȊȈȔ ȟȚȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ
ȗȖȓțȟȐȚ ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȊȓȈșȚȐ
ȅȊȍȓȐȕȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȠȓȈ ȕȈ ȠȐ-
ȘȖȒțȦ ȈȓȓȍȦ ȊȍȌțȡțȦ Ȓ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȔ ȏȌȈȕȐȧȔ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȍȚ ȍȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ǭȑ
ȉȣȓȖ ȎțȚȒȖ Ȑ șȚȣȌȕȖ ȎȍȕșȒȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȔțȎșȒȐȝ
ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȑ
Ǩ ȗȖ ȔȍȘȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȅȊȍȓȐȕȈ țȌȈȓȧȓȈșȤ ȓȐȞȖ DzȖȊȈȓȧ
ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȝȐȡȕȖȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ș ȋțȉ șȘȣȊȈȓșȧ
țȋȘȖȎȈȦȡȐȑ ȠȍȗȖȚ

116
DZșȎȐȎ ;;,,,
ǿǼǰdzȇǮǻǶdz ǰ ǽdzȇdzǾdz
ǷȈȚȘȐȒ Ȋȣȓȍȏ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȑ ȉȍȘȓȖȋȐ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖ
ȋȖȓȖȊȖȓȖȔȕȖȑ ȚȘȖȗȐȕȒȍ ȒȖ ȊȝȖȌț Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȗȍȡȍȘț
ǪȌȘțȋ Ȗȕ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ
Ǫ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ șȒȘȣȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȐ șȐȋ-
ȕȈȓ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȎȌȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȐȌȚȐ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȜȖȕȈȘȤ ș ȚȍȔȕȖ-ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ șȚȍȒȓȖȔ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȖȓțȔȘȈ-
Ȓȍ ȞȈȘȧȡȍȔ Ȋ ȘȈșșȍȓȐȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȐȔ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȔ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȖȔǷȈȚȘȐȒȈ ȚȘțșȓȐȊȖȋȖ Ȑ șțȍȊȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ ȎțȚȒȖȍ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊȖ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ Ȋȏȧȓ ș ȕȍȋȖ șȓȖȊȖ ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ
ȘȈȏȢȧșȕȐȓ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ țȗȖȔȧȕțȓ Ȗ șȐȋȕȈȓȍ ȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ Ȍȍ-
ȓȈȚȤ ǷȈȚȘȐȒ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ" Ƕ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȎ-
ȌȈȓ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȜȖȕȈȘȤ" ǭșȓȐ ȚȈȑȕȈ țȉȍȎȐȡȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȈ ȕȈȌȖ
ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȔȍșȚȈ
ǰ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȗȍȡȍȘț"
ǭșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓșȧ ȊȣȊȖȌ ȏȌȍșȤ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȚȈȑȕȈ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȏȈȚȍȧȓ
ǷȈȚȘȐȒ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȌȖȗȖȓȏȚȐ ȌȖ ȊȝȖȌȈ Ȋ ȗȍȡȍȘț
Ǫ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȠȈȋȈȝ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ ȍȔț ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ
ȏȊțȒ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ țȔȍȓ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ
ǬȈȓȤȠȍ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȤșȧ ǷȈȚȘȐȒ ȗȖȉȖȧȓșȧ
ǺțȚ Ȗȕ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋ șȚȍȕȍ ȖȉȘȣȊȈ ȍșȚȤ țȏȒȈȧ ȚȘȍȡȐ-
ȕȈ ȌȖȝȖȌȧȡȈȧ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȑ ȗȍȡȍȘȣ ǹ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔ ȚȘțȌȖȔ Ȋȓȍȏ
Ȗȕ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ Ȑ ȗȖȓȏ ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȒȈ ȚȘȍȡȐȕȈ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈ-
ȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȚȘțȉț ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȓțȔȍȚȘȈ Ȋ ȌȐȈȔȍȚȘȍ ǷȈȚȘȐȒ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ Ȋ ȗȍȡȍȘȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȧȊ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖ șȓȣȠȕȖ
ǷȘȐȟȐȕȈ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȏȊțȒȖȊ șȘȈȏț ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓȈșȤ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ ȋȖȓȖșȈ
ǷȈȚȘȐȒ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȈȓșȧ
ǫȖȊȖȘȐȓ DzȖȊȈȓȤ

117
— ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ȘȈȏȊȍ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȟȚȖ ȊȈș
Ȋșȍȝ ȉȍșșȖȊȍșȚȕȖ ȖȉȔȈȕȣȊȈȦȚ? ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ Ȑ ǻȈȓȤȌ — ȊȍȓȐȒȐȍ
țȟȍȕȣȍ Ȑ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȍȓȐ ȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȎȈȎȌțȚ ȉȖ-
ȋȈȚșȚȊȈ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȑ ȇ ȌȖșȚȖȊȍȘȕȖ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ
ȏȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȌȖ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓȐ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȦ ȕȈ
ȦȎȕȖ-ȗȖȓȧȘȕȣȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȒ ȕȖ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȐ ȥȚȖ Ȋ ȚȈȑȕȍ ǶȕȐ ȖȚ-
ȓȐȟȕȖ ȏȕȈȓȐ Ȗ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȏȌȍșȤ ȉȖȋȈȚȍȑȠȐȝ ȏȈȓȍȎȍȑ
ȏȖȓȖȚȈ Ȑ ȈȓȔȈȏȕȣȝ ȒȖȗȍȑ ǬȖȉȣȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȕȍșȔȍȚȕȖȍ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȖ
șȚȈȓȖ ȞȍȓȤȦ Ȑȝ ȎȐȏȕȐ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȘȖȡȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȉȘȈȏȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȈȒȞȐȖȕȍȘȕȖȍ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȓȖ ȉȣ ȗȖȌȍȓȐȚȤșȧ
șȊȖȐȔȐ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȈȔȐ ǵȍ ȏȈ-
ȉȣȊȈȑȚȍ, ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȦȎȕȖ-ȗȖȓȧȘȕȣȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȒ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȈȌ-
ȓȍȎȐȚ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȍ ǻȏȕȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȗȖ-
ȍȌțȚ șȦȌȈ Dz ȉȍȘȍȋȈȔ ȗȘȐȠȓȦȚ ȉȘȖȕȍȕȖșȞȣ ȊȣșȈȌȧȚ șȖȓ-
ȌȈȚ ǷȖȕȧȓȐ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ" ǺȖȋȌȈ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ ȊȣȌțȔȈȓ ȖșȖȉțȦ ȠȚț-
Ȓț Ƕȕ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓșȧ ș ȅȊȍȓȐȕȖȑ ȀȍȜȜȍȘș — ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȍȘ-
Ƞȍȑ ǵȈșȓȍȌȕȐȒȐ ȉȖȋȈȟȍȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȓȐȉȖ ȐȌȐȖȚȣ ȓȐȉȖ șțȔȈ-

118
șȠȍȌȠȐȍ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȍȘȣ ǪȖȚ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖȑȔȈȓ ȅȊȍȓȐȕț ȕȈ
țȌȖȟȒț ©ǬȈȊȈȑȚȍ ȖșȕțȍȔ “șȚȘȈȕț șȟȈșȚȤȧ”ª ǶȕȈ ș ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ
șȖȋȓȈșȐȓȈșȤ ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ Ȋșȍ ȊȣȋȖȌȣ ȕȈ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ǩȍșșȖ-
ȕȖȊȈ Ȑ ǻȈȓȤȌȈ ǶȕȐ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȐȓȐ șȊȖȐ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȌȖș-
ȚȈȓȐ ȌȈȘȖȊȣȝ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ǶȕȐ ȊȣȒȈȗȣȊȈȦȚ Ȑȏ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȖȋȘȖȔ-
ȕȣȍ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȈ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȍȓȧ șȍȉȧ ǰ Ȋșȍ ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȚȈȑȕȍ
ǵȐȒȚȖ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȔȐȘȍ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȟȓȍȕȖȊ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȕȐ-
ȟȍȋȖ Ȗ ©ǷȖȓȧȘȕȖȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȐª Ȑ ȍȍ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȈȝ Ǩ ȒȖȓȖȕȐș-
Țȣ ȖȌțȘȈȟȍȕȣ ȊȍȘȧȚ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈȔ țȟȍȕȣȔ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȣ ȐȔ
— ǷȖșȚȖȑ Țȣ ȓȎȍȠȤ — ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȋțȓȒȖ ȘȍȏȒȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș —
ǯȖȓȖȚȖ Ȑ ȈȓȔȈȏȣ ȊȣȒȈȗȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈȔȐ ȕȖ Țȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȐȔȐ
ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ
— ȅȚȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț" Ǫȣ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȧȍȚȍ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȖȓȖȚȈ ȖȚȗȘȈȊ-
ȓȧȍȚșȧ Ȑȏ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ ȧȒȖȉȣ Ȍȓȧ țȗȓȈȚȣ ȏȈ ȕȈȠȐ ȏȈȒȈȏȣ" Ǫȣ
ȊȍȌȍȚȍ șȟȍȚ ȌȖȉȣȟȐ Ȑ ȘȈșȝȖȌȖȊ" Ǫȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȝȘȈȕȐȚ-
șȧ Ȋ ȒȓȈȌȖȊȖȑ" Ǫșȍ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȘțȒȈȝ
ǫȖȓȖșȈ ȏȈȠțȔȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȉȖȑ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȊȖȓȕ,
Ȑ ǷȈȚȘȐȒ ȕȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȝ șȓȖȊ
ǪȖȚ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȍȋȖ șȓțȠȈȦȚ
— Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȏȌȖȘ Ȑ ȊȣȌțȔȒȐ DzȖȊȈȓȧ ǭșȓȐ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ Ȑ
ǻȈȓȤȌ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ Ȑȏ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȚȖȔ
ȍȋȖ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȓțȟȈȦȚ"
— DzȈȒȐȍ Ȋȣ ȌȍȚȐ ǰȝ ȈȋȍȕȚȣ ȒȓȈȌțȚ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ Ȋ ȉȈȕȒȐ ȘȈȏ-
ȕȣȝ șȚȘȈȕ ǹȒȖȗȧȚ ȕȍșȔȍȚȕȣȍ șțȔȔȣ Ȑ țȉȍȋțȚ ȅȊȍȓȐȕț ș
șȖȉȖȑ ȗȘȐȝȊȈȚȧȚ ǻȈȓȤȌ Ȋ ȕȍȍ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕ ǶȕȈ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ șȊȖȐ
ȘȈșȚȘȈȚȐȓȈ — ȖȝȖȚȕȖ ȗȖȑȌȍȚ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ
— ǷțșȚȤ ȉȍȋțȚ — ©ǷȖȓȧȘȕȈȧ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȧª ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȈ-
ȠȐȝ ȘțȒȈȝ
— Ǫȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ" Ǩ ȒȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȔȐ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ-
ȔȐ șȓȍȌȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȋȖȘȍȕȐȍȔ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖțȋȖȓȤȕȣȝ ȒȖȗȍȑ" DzȚȖ ȏȕȈȍȚ
ȚȈȑȕț Ȑȝ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȑ" ǶșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȕȣ ȗȖȋȐȉȕȍȔ
ǬȈ Ȑ ȏȈȝȖȚȧȚ ȓȐ ȖȕȐ Ȋșȍ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ Ȋ ȞȍȓȖșȚȐ"
— DzȈȒ" ǿȚȖ ȖȕȐ șȌȍȓȈȦȚ"
— ǪȏȖȘȊțȚ ȊșȦ ©ǷȖȓȧȘȕțȦ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȦª ǶȕȐ țȍȌțȚ ȚȈȒ
ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȍ ǷȘȖȑȌȍȚ ȕȍȌȍȓȧ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȔȍșȧȞ
Ȑ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȏȓȍȚȐȚ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȌțȝ
Ǫ ȗȍȡȍȘȍ ȊȖȞȈȘȐȓȖșȤ ȋȘȖȉȖȊȖȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ
—ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȕȈȔ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ" — ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȘȖȉȒȐȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș

ǷȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ șȚȖȧȓ DzȖȊȈȓȤ ǫȘȖȏȕȣȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ
— Ǻȣ ȗȖȌșȓțȠȐȊȈȓ" Ǻȣ ȕȍ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȓ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ"
ǴȖȋțȟȐȍ ȘțȒȐ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ Ȓ ǷȈȚȘȐȒț
— ǷȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȦ — șȔȍȘȚȤ ȇ Țȍȉȧ șȉȘȖȠț Ȋ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤ
ǷȈȚȘȐȒ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ǩȓȍȌȕȣȍ ȋțȉȣ ȍȋȖ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ Ƕȕ
ȕȍ ȉȣȓ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȌ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤȦ ȗȖȌȍȘȎȈȓ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ
Ȑ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ ȕȈ țșȚțȗ șȒȈȓȣ
— ǷȖȔȕȐ ǷȘȖȡȈȦ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȍșȗȘȍȒȖș-
ȓȖȊȕȣȔ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȕȐȍȔ șȗȈșȍȠȤ șȍȉȧ ǰ ȌȈȎȍ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȊȗȖ-
șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊ Ȑ ȉȖȋȈȚ ǫȖȊȖȘȐ ȟȚȖ Țȣ șȓȣȠȈȓ
DzȖȍ-ȒȈȒ ȖȗȘȈȊȐȊȠȐșȤ ǷȈȚȘȐȒ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ Ȋșȍ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ țȉȍȌȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȐȘȓȈȕȌȍȞ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔț ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȍȕ Ƕȕ ȖȚȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ țȗȘțȋȖȑ ȗȖȝȖȌȒȖȑ
ȗȖ țȏȒȖȔț ȒȈȘȕȐȏț ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȈȧșȤ ȏȈ ȒȈȔȍȕȕțȦ șȚȍȕț
ǷȈȚȘȐȒ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȓ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ țȌȈȓȧȦȡțȦșȧ ȟȍȘȕțȦ
ȜȐȋțȘț Ȑ Ȋ ȞȈȘȧȡȍȔ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȗȖȓțȔȘȈȒȍ ȗȘȐ ȠțȔȍ Ȑ ȊȖȍ
ȒȐȗȧȡȍȋȖ ȗȖȚȖȒȈ ȖȕȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȍȔț șȊȍȘȝȢȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ
ǻșȚȈ ȐȘȓȈȕȌȞȈ ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓȐ
— ǬȤȧȊȖȓ
ǰ Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ țșȍȘȌȕȖ ȔȖȓȐȚȤșȧ ȗȘȖșȧ ȗȘȖȡȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȏȈȡȐȚȣ
ț ȏȈȉȣȚȖȋȖ ǩȖȋȈ

121
DZșȎȐȎ ;;,9
DZǼǿȁDzǮǾǿȀǰdzǻǻȉǷ ǽdzǾdzǰǼǾǼȀ
ȅȊȍȓȐȕȈ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ Ȑ ǻȈȓȤȌ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȦ,
ȊȍȟȍȘ ȊȔȍșȚȍ
ǵȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȑ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ ȊșȍȦ ȌțȠȖȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȧȏȈȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȓ ȖșȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȧȔ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ
ǹȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ ȗȖȚȘȧșȠȐȍ ȌȖ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ ȔȐȕȖȊȈȓȐ ǽȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧ
ȏȈȒȖȕȖȊ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȚȤșȧ Ǫșȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ țșȗȖȒȖȐ-
ȓȐșȤ
ǰ ȉȍșȍȌȈ șȖȉȘȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȘțȌȖȊȖȋȖ
Ȍȕȧ ȗȘȖȚȍȒȈȓȈ ȔȐȘȕȖ ǺȍȕȐ ȋȘțșȚȐ ȕȍ șȉȍȎȈȓȐ ș ȗȘȍȒȘȈș-
ȕȖȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ ȅȊȍȓȐȕȣ ȕȖ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȍȓȈ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ
Ȋȍșȍȓȍȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȐȔ
ǻȈȓȤȌ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ Ȗ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ șȊȖȐȝ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍ-
ȕȐȧȝ ȕȈȌ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȖȦ ȗȖȓȧȘȕȣȝ șȐȧȕȐȑ ǷȖ ȍȋȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȦ ȥȚȖ
ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȐșȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȐȏȉȣȚȒȈ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȖȔȈȋȕȐȚȕȖȑ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȐ
ȧȊȓȧȦȡȍȑșȧ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȖȔ ȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ ȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ șȜȍȘȖȐȌȈ ȊȖ-
ȒȘțȋ ȖșȐ
— ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȐȏȉȣȚȖȒ ȗȖȓȧȘȕȣȝ șȐȧ-
ȕȐȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ
ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ ȏȈșȗȖȘȐȓ ȌȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȍ Ȗȉ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȐ
ȊȖȖȉȡȍ țșȚȈȘȍȓȖ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȍșȚȤ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȧ
— ǵȈșȚțȗȐȚ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȓȦȌȐ ȉțȌțȚ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȋ ȓȈȊȒț
Ȑ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȚȤ ©ǬȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȜțȕȚ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȈª
ǻȈȓȤȌ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȈȘȈȌȖȒș ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȊȓȐȧȦ-
ȡȐȑ ȕȈ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖșȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȊȣȊȖȌȖȊ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȓȧȘȕȣȝ
șȐȧȕȐȑ
ǸȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȗȖȕȍȔȕȖȋț ȗȍȘȍȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȑ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș Ȗ ȉțȌțȡȍȔ șȚȘȖȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǷȘȐȊȍ-
ȌțȚ ȓȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȓ șȟȈșȚȤȦ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȜȖȘȔȣ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȐȓȐ ȓȦȌȐ
ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȗțȚȍȔ șȈȔȖțșȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȗȍȘȍȘȖ-
ȌȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȓȐȠȤ ȚȖȋȌȈ șȖȏȌȈȌțȚ ©șȚȘȈȕț șȟȈșȚȤȧª?..
ǪȌȘțȋ Ȋșȍ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȐ
ǹȕȈȘțȎȐ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȠțȔ ȠȈȋȖȊ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ DzȚȖ-

122
ȚȖ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȘțȟȒț ȌȊȍȘȐ ǻȈȓȤȌ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȊșȒȖȟȐȊ
ȉȣșȚȘȣȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȏȈȗȍȘ ȏȈȔȖȒ
— ǰȌȐȚȍ Ȋ șȒȓȈȌ ȏȈ ȖȘțȎȐȍȔ — ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ Ȓ ǪȖșȒȖ-
ȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊț
ȅȊȍȓȐȕȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ
— ǸȈȏȊȍ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
ǶȕȈ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓȈ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ǯȈȔȖȒ ȘȈȏȓȍȚȍȓșȧ ȊȌȘȍȉȍȏȋȐ
ǬȊȍȘȤ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ DzȖȊȈȓȤ ǯȈ
ȕȐȔ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȈșȤ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȖȊ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȌȍȘȎȈ Ȋ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȚȖȑ ȘțȒȍ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȘȍȊȖȓȤ-
ȊȍȘ ȊȓȈșȚȕȖ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— ǵȐ ș ȔȍșȚȈ
ǰ ȠȈȋȕțȓ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȌȈȊȈȧ ȌȖȘȖȋț șȊȖȐȔ șȖțȟȈșȚȕȐȒȈȔ
ǶșȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ ȖȒȘțȎȐȓȐ
ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȗȖȗȣȚȒț șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ȕȖ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȕ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȌțȓȈ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȖȊ
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊȣȔ Ȑ
ȗȘȐȊȍȓȐ ȍȋȖ
— ǿȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ"— ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǻȈȓȤȌ
— Ǫȣ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȕȣ
— DzȍȔ"
— ǴȕȖȦ
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȥȚȖ ȘȈȏȉȖȑȕȐȟȐȑ ȕȈȉȍȋ"
— Ǵȣ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȍȔ ȚȈȒ Ȍȓȧ șȗȈșȍȕȐȧ ȖȚ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ Ȋșȍȑ ȒȖ-
ȓȖȕȐȐ
— ǶȚ ȟȤȍȋȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ" DzȍȔ Ȋȣ țȗȖȓȕȖȔȖȟȍȕȣ"
— Ƕȉ ȥȚȖȔ Ȋȣ țȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȊȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ ǵȍ ȊȈȔ ȏȈȌȈȊȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ
ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ Ǵȣ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȈȓȐ ȊȈȠ ȋȕțșȕȣȑ ȏȈȔȣșȍȓ ǺȈȑȕȈ ȊȈȠȈ
ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈ ǪȈȔ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈȘȖȌȖȔ
— ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ȕȍȓȍȗȖșȚȤ ȟȍȘȚ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ — ȕȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȓ ǩȍș-
șȖȕȖȊ — ǪȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȒȖȠȔȈȘ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ǶȉȢȧșȕȐȚȍ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑ-
ȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ"
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȧ șȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ
— ǴȈȘȠ
— DzȈȒ ȧ ȎȈȓȍȦ ȅȊȍȓȐȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȓșȧ ȊȈș Ȑ ȗȍȘȍ-
șȚȈȓ ȕȖșȐȚȤ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ — țșȗȍȓ ȚȐȝȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ǻȈȓȤȌ
©ǷȖȓȧȘȕȖȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȘȐȞȍª
ǨȘȍșȚȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȖȚȊȍȓȐ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȝ ȏȌȈȕȐȑ Ȑ ȘȈȏ-

123
ȔȍșȚȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈȔ ț ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȊșȚȈȓȈ
ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȈȧ șȚȘȈȎȈ
Ǫ Țț Ȏȍ ȕȖȟȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȕȈ Ȋșȧ ȗȈȘȚȐȧ țȟȍȕȣȝ
ǵȐ ©ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȐª ȕȐ ©șȍȔȍȑȕȣȍª ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
ȕȖ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȕȈțȚȘȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȈȧ ȊȍșȚȤ ȖȉȓȍȚȐȚ ȊșȦ ȒȖ-
ȓȖȕȐȦ
ǵȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȤ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕȐȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȣȝ
șȓțȝȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȉțȌțȚ ȘȈȏȌțȚȣ șȗȓȍȚȕȍȑ
ǰȏ ȠȈȑȒȐ ȐșȒțșȕȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȕȕȖȑ DzȖȊȈȓȍȔ Ȗȕ ȊȣȉȘȈȓ
ȗȧȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȐȋȍȕȚȕȣȝ, Ȑ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓ șȍȉȧ
ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ ǵȈțȚȘȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ȋȖȚȖȊȖ ȊȖȏȏȊȈȕȐȍ
ǶȕȖ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȋȘȖȔȖȔ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȊȠȐȝ ȒȖ-
ȓȖȕȐșȚȖȊ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȐȏȓȖȎȐȓ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ Ȗ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȊȠȍȔșȧ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȍ ©țȟȍ-
ȕȣȝª Ƕȕ șȎȍȋ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐ Ȑ ȧȊȕțȦ ȒȓȍȊȍȚț ȘȈȏȊȐȓ Ȋ Ȟȍȓȣȑ
ȖȉȊȐȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȈȒȚ ȧȒȖȉȣ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȕȈ ȜȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ
ȌȈȕȕȣȝ
ǵȖ DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȈȓȖ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȋțȚ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈ-
ȒȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ
ǰ ȊȖȏȏȊȈȕȐȍ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȕȈȗȖȌȖȉȐȍ ȕȈȗȖȓȍȖȕȖȊșȒȐȝ ȗȘȖ-
ȒȓȈȔȈȞȐȑ Ȓ șȖȓȌȈȚȈȔ ©Ǵȣ ȘȍȠȐȓȐșȤ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȏȈȡȐ-
Țț ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȋȘȖȏȐȓȈ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ǶȉșȚȖȧ-
ȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȕȍ ȌȖȗțșȒȈȓȐ șȖȏȣȊȈ ȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ DzȈȎȌȈȧ
ȔȐȕțȚȈ ȗȘȖȔȍȌȓȍȕȐȧ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȗȖȋțȉȐȚȤ Ȋșȍȝ ǯȈȋȖȊȖȘȡȐȒȐ
ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȕȣ ǷțșȚȤ Ȑȝ șțȌȐȚ ȕȈȘȖȌª
ǸȈȕȖ țȚȘȖȔ șȌȈȊ ȊȖȏȏȊȈȕȐȍ Ȋ ȚȐȗȖȋȘȈȜȐȦ DzȖȊȈȓȤ șȐ-
Ȍȍȓ ȖȌȐȕ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊȈ ȖȚȖșȓȈȊ ȖȚ șȍȉȧ șȖȏȌȈȕȕȖȍ
ȐȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ
DzȘțȋȖȔ ȍȡȍ ȞȈȘȐȓȈ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ. DzȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ șȗȈȓȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȧ
ȟȍȔ ȋȘȖȏȐȚ ȐȔ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ Ƕȕ ȏȈȚȍȧȓ ȖȗȈșȕțȦ ȐȋȘț ǭȋȖ ȓȖȉ ȉȖ-
ȘȖȏȌȐȓȐ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȣ
ǶșȚȘȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȉțȌțȡȍȍ
ǺȍȔȕȈȧ ȕȐȏȒȖȘȖșȓȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȊȗȖȓȏȓȈ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ ǰȏȋȐȉȈȧșȤ,
ȍȌȊȈ șȚțȗȈȧ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ ȖȕȈ Ȓ DzȖȊȈȓȦ Ǫ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȘțȒȍ șȊȍȘȒ-
ȕțȓ ȕȖȎ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ țȎȍ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȓ ȠȖȘȖȝț ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȑ

șȝȊȈȚȐȓ țȉȐȑȞț ǺȖȚ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȖșȓȈȉȍȓ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ
ȏȈȊȣȓ ȌȐȒȖ ȕȍ ȗȖ-ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȧșȤ Ȑ ȗȓȈȟȈ
— ǩȖȋ ǬȤȧȊȖȓ ǹȊ ǷȈȚȘȐȒ — șȓȣȠȈȓȖșȤ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȕȍȊ-
ȕȧȚȕȖȍ ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȕȐȍ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȖȉȍȏțȔȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȐȘȓȈȕȌȞȈ Ȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ
ȍȋȖ ȊșȚȘȧȝȕțȓ
ǵȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȖȗȖȔȕȐȊȠȐșȤ ǷȈȚȘȐȒ ȊȖȏȏȘȐȓșȧ șțȔȈșȠȍȌ-
ȠȐȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ Ȑ ȗȘȖȘȣȟȈȓ
—ǫȖȘȧȟȐȑ ȗȖȚȖȒ Ȑșȟȍȏ ǷȍȡȍȘȈ ȘțȝȕțȓȈ
ǰ, Ȋ șțȌȖȘȖȋȈȝ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȍȋȖ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȒȈ ȉȍȏț-
ȔȐȧ ș ȝȖȝȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȒȈȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ

126
ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȊșȧȒȈȧ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȈ ȊșȧȒȖȍ ȊȖȓȕțȦȡȍȍ șȖȉȣȚȐȍ
ȗțȋȈȓȐ Ȑȝ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȊȐȕȖȊȕȐȒȖȊ
ǰ DzȖȊȈȓȧ ȉȘȈȕȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȓȈȌ ǰȔȍȕȕȖ DzȖȊȈȓȧ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐȗȐșȣȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ
ȝȖȚȍȓ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȒȍȔ
ȊȣȉȘȈȕȕȖȍ Ȑ țȗȖȓȕȖȔȖȟȍȕȕȖȍ
DzȖȊȈȓȧ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȓȐ Ȑ ȉȖȧȓȐșȤ șȘȍȌȐ ©șȍȔȍȑȕȣȝª ǪȍȘȐ-
ȓȐ ȓȐ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘț ©țȟȍȕȣȝª" ǰ ȌȈ Ȑ ȕȍȚ ǷȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȉȣȓȖ șȓȐ-
ȠȒȖȔ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ©ǻȟȍȕȣȍª ȖșȕȖȊȈȓȐ ȥȚț ȒȖȓȖȕȐȦ ȘțȒȖȊȖ-
ȌȐȓȐ ȍȦ ȗȖșȚȘȖȐȓȐ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȑ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȑ ȒȖȓȗȈȒ șȗȈ-
șȈȦȡȐȑ ȊȖ ȔȘȈȒȍ Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȍ ȗȖȓȧȘȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ ȖȚ ȓȍȌȧȕȖȑ șȔȍȘ-
ȚȐ ©ǻȟȍȕȣȍª ȏȕȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȚȈȑȕȣ
ȕȍȌȖșȚțȗȕȣȍ ȗȘȖșȚȣȔ șȔȍȘȚȕȣȔ ǯȕȈȍȚ ȓȐ Ȑȝ DzȖȊȈȓȤ" Ǩ ȍș-
ȓȐ Ȗȕ șȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȐșȗȖȘȚȐȚ ȝȐȚȘȣȍ șȖȖȘțȎȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȏȔȣ" ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȋșȍ ȘțȠȐȚșȧ țȗȈȌțȚ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȍ
șȊȖȌȣ Ȑ ȕȈșȚțȗȧȚ țȎȈșȣ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ Ȍȓȧ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȋȖȘȌȖ Ȑ ȊȓȈșȚ-
ȕȖ ȖșȕȖȊȈȊȠȐȝ șȊȖȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ț ©ȒȖȕȞȈ șȊȍȚȈª ȕȈ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȏȍȔ-
ȕȖȑ ȖșȐ
©ǻȟȍȕȣȍª ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȤșȚȊȖȔ ȕȖ ȔȈȋȈȔȐ Ȓț-
ȌȍșȕȐȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȟțȚȤ ȓȐ ȕȍ șȊȍȘȝȢȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȏȕȈȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȊȓȈșȚȤȦ
Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȕȐ ȖȚșȚȘȈȕȍȕȣ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȕȣ DzȚȖ ȏȈȔȍȕȐȚ Ȑȝ"
DzȚȖ ȖȉȍȘȍȎȍȚ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȖ șȖȏȌȈȕȕțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ"
ǵȖ ȗȘȖȒȓȈȔȈȞȐȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȚȈȒ țȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐ-
ȓȐșȤ ȜȈȒȚȣ ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȓȖȎȤ" ǰ Ȋ ȘȖȉȒȐȍ ȌțȠȐ ȏȈ-
ȉȐȘȈȓșȧ șȚȘȈȝ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤȦ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȔȐȕȖȊȈȊȠȍȑ
Ǩ ȟȚȖ, ȍșȓȐ ȊȏȘȣȊ țȎȍ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕ Ȑ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ Ȓ ȒȈȒȖȔț-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȏȔț ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ
Ȋșȍ ȘțȝȕțȓȖ"
ǰ ȗȖȔȐȔȖ ȊȖȓȐ ȕȈ ȊȖȗȘȖș ©DzȚȖ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚ" DzȚȖ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍ--
ȌȐȚ"ª șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȘȖȉȒȖȑ ȌțȠȐ
— DzȖȊȈȓȤ
ǰȕȈȟȍ ȖȚȕȍșȓȐșȤ ©ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȐª Ǭȓȧ ȕȐȝ ȊȈȎȕȍȍ Ȋșȍ-
ȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȊȖȗȘȖș Ȗ ȕȈȘțȠȍȕȐȐ ȗȘȈȊ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ ȗȖȗȘȈȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȖȌ-
ȕț ȕȖȟȤ ȠȈȑȒȖȑ
— ǷȖȟȍȔț DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȔț șȖȉȘȈȕȐȦ
ȕȍ ȖȉȊȐȕȐȓ ©țȟȍȕȣȝª Ȋ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȋșȍȑ ȒȖȓȖ-
ȕȐȐ" DzȚȖ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȗȘȈȊȖ ȓȐȠȈȚȤ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ ȉȍȏ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘȈ șțȌȈ"

127
ǵȈȠȓȐșȤ ȊȖȏȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ
— ǭșȓȐ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȓȐȒȊȐȌȐȘȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȔȍȘȈȔȐ ǷȘȖ-
ȒȓȈȔȈȞȐȧ țȊȍȘȧȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȎȌȈȧ ȔȐȕțȚȈ ȗȘȖȔȍȌȓȍȕȐȧ ȋȘȖ-
ȏȐȓȈ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤȦ
— ǵȖ ȗȖ ȒȈȒȖȔț ȗȘȈȊț ȖȕȐ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓȐ șȍȉȧ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔ
ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ" Ǵȣ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȍȔ Ȑȝ Ǵȣ Ȑȝ ȕȍ ȊȣȉȐȘȈȓȐ
ǬȖȓȖȑ țȏțȘȗȈȚȖȘșȚȊȖ
ǷȘȖȡȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊșȚțȗȐȚȤ ș ȠȈȑȒȖȑ Ȋ ȉȖȘȤȉț Ȑ ȖșȊȖ-
ȉȖȌȐȚȤ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȕȖ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȊȣȓȐȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ șȓȖȊȈȝ Ȑ
ȚȖȓȗȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ șȖȋȓȈșȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȖȉȘȈȏ Ȍȍȑ-
șȚȊȐȧ
ǰ șȘȍȌȐ ȥȚȐȝ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȕȐȑ ȊȖȓȐ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȕȕȖșȚȐ ȔȣșȓȐ
ȗȖȚȖȒȖȊ șȓȖȊ șȚȖȓȤ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȝ ȖȚ ȌȍȓȈ ȊȓȈșȚȕȖ ȏȈȏȊțȟȈȓ ȒȖ-
ȓȖȒȖȓ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȑ Ȋ ȌȖȔ ȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ
ǰșȝȖȌ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȑȌȍȕ ǩȍȎȈȚȤ ȚțȌȈ ȗȖȌ ȉȍȓȖșȕȍȎȕȣȑ Ȓț-
ȗȖȓ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȘȖȌ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȖȔ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȖ-
ȎȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȌ ȒțȗȖȓ ȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȏȈȒȖȕȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȈȘȖȌ
ȏȌȍșȤ țȚȊȍȘȌȐȓ șȊȖȍȦ ȊȓȈșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȊȖȓȍȦ ȗȖȌ ȒțȗȖȓ ȧȊȓȧȦ-
ȡȐȑșȧ șȐȔȊȖȓȖȔ ȗȘȈȊȌȣ Ȑ ȏȈȒȖȕȕȖșȚȐ
ǵȈ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȐȐ ȋȌȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȖȔȍȡȈȓșȧ ȗȘȍȏȐȌȐțȔ șȖ-
ȉȘȈȕȐȑ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȟȓȍȕȣ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ș DzȖȊȈ-
ȓȍȔ ȊȖ ȋȓȈȊȍ
dzȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȓȍȌȕȖ ȕȖ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ǽȖȓȖȌȕȣȔ ȊȏȖȘȖȔ
Ȗȕ ȗȣȚȓȐȊȖ șȓȍȌȐȓ ȏȈ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȈȔȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȏȈȕȐ-
ȔȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȔȍșȚȈ
ǹȓȣȠȈȓșȧ șȌȍȘȎȈȕȕȣȑ ȋțȓ ȋȖȓȖșȖȊ Ǫșȍ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȓȐșȤ ȕȍ
țȊȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț șȖȉȘȈȕȐȦ Ȉ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȝȊȈȟȍȕȣ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑ--
ȕȖșȚȤȦ Ǫ Ȑȕȣȝ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖȍ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖ ǿȚȖ șȒȈ-
ȎȍȚ DzȖȊȈȓȤ"
Ƕȕ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȍȕȕȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȟȐȚȈȓ
ȗȖ ȚȍȚȘȈȌȒȍ ǰȏȓȖȎȐȓ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ ǹȊȖȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍ-
ȕȐȧ Ǫșȍ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȍ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȌ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤȦ țȟȍ-
ȕȣȝ ǰ ȚȖ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ șȓȍȌȐȓ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȓșȧ șȚȈȘȈȓ-
șȧ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȈȚȤ ȚȈȑȕȣȑ ȏȈȔȣșȍȓ ǰ ȚȖ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȏȕȈ-
ȒȖȔȐȓșȧ ș ȕȈțȟȕȣȔȐ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȧȔȐ ǻȈȓȤȌȈ Ȑ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊȈ
— ȇ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȉȓȈȋȈ Ȋșȍȑ
ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ Ǫșȍ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ ȟȈșȚȕȖșȚȐ ȧ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ

128
ȊȣȧșȕȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȞȍȓȤ ȥȚȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǴȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏ ȉȣȓ ȧ
ȖȉȔȈȕțȚ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ șȊȍȚȓȣȔȐ ȗȓȈȕȈȔȐ ȘȈȌțȎȕȣȔȐ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕ-
ȚȈȔȐ șȊȍȚȖȟȈȔȐ ȏȈȎȐȋȈȍȔȣȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȐȋȍȕȞȐȐ ȕȖ
ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȖȟțȧȓȐșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȖȉȔȈȕ Ȑ ȓȖȎȤ Ǫȣ ȊȗȘȈȊȍ șȗȘȖșȐȚȤ
ȗȖȟȍȔț ȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȍȓȐȓșȧ ȕȐ ș ȒȍȔ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȗȖ-
ȟȍȔț ȧ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȔț șȖȉȘȈȕȐȦ" ȇ —
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȌȍȓȈ Ȉ ȕȍ șȓȖȊ ǪȍȌȤ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȧ ȝȖȚȤ ȕȈȔȍȒȕțȓ ȖȌ-
ȕȐȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȦ Ȋșȍ Ȕȍȕȧ șȖȟȓȐ ȉȣ ȏȈ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȍ-
ȋȖ ȐȓȐ ȏȈ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȐȒȈ ǪȍȘȈ Ȋ ©țȟȍȕȣȝª Ȑ șȍȑȟȈș Ȋ ȊȈș șȐ-
ȓȤȕȈ Ǩ ȖȕȐ șțȔȍȓȐ ȉȣ șȒȘȣȚȤ Ȋșȍ șȓȍȌȣ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȏȓȖȌȍȑ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȏȈȔȣșȓȈ Ȑ ȧ ȉȣ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȗȖȉȍȎȌȍȕȕȣȔ Ȑȝ Țȍșȕȣȑ
șȖȦȏ — ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȍȔ ȇ ȕȍ ȔȍȟȚȈȦ Ȗ ȌȐȒȚȈȚȖȘșȚȊȍ ȧ ȕȍ ȝȖ-
ȟț ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍșȚȐ ȕȈ ȊȈș ȌȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȓȤȏțȧșȤ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȧ ȕȈȠȈ
ȋȘțȗȗȈ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȘȖȚȈ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȈ ǹȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ Ȕȣ ȋȖȚȖ-
Ȋȣ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȊȓȈșȚȤ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ ǹțȌȐȚȍ șȈȔȐ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȡȐ-
ȒȖȊ ȒȈȒ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ
ǹȓȖȊȖ Ȋȏȧȓ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ©ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊª
— ǵȈș ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗțȋȈȦȚ ȒȈȒ ȌȍȚȍȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔȐ
ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȈȔȐ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȈ ǶȗȘȈȊȌȣȊȈȦȚ șȊȖȐ ȕȍȏȈȒȖȕȕȣȍ Ȍȍȑ-
șȚȊȐȧ Ȑ țȟȐȕȍȕȕȖȍ ȕȈșȐȓȐȍ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȍȔȐȕțȍ-
ȔȖ ȋȘȖȏȐȓȈ ǵȖ ȋȌȍ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȈ"
DzȖȊȈȓȤ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗ șȍȉȍ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗ șȍȉȍ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ,
ȟȍȔ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȣȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ ȟȍȋȖ Ȕȣ
ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȔ — ȋȌȍ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȈȘȚȐȧ ©țȟȍȕȣȝª
ȏȈȔȣșȓȐȓȈ ȚȈȒțȦ ȋȕțșȕȖșȚȤ" ǰȏ ȗȘȖȒȓȈȔȈȞȐȐ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ șȖȉ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȘȍȟȐ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȔ ȚȖȋȖ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȕȈș ȚȈȒ țșȍȘȌȕȖ șȚȈ-
ȘȈȦȚșȧ țȉȍȌȐȚȤ ǫȌȍ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȦ ȧ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ"
ǺȖȓȗȈ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȟȍȋȖ ȕțȎȕȖ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȚȤ ǼȖȘȔțȓȐȘȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȧșȕȣȍ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȣȝ șȓȖ-
ȊȈȝ — Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȊȍșȤ țșȗȍȝ ȖȘȈȚȖȘȖȊ
ǰ Ȋșȍ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȋȖȓȖș ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ
—ǬȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ǬȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ
ǴȖȔȍȕȚ ȉȣȓ ȒȘȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ǰșȒțșȕȖ ȗȖșȚȘȖȍȕȕȖȍ DzȖȊȈ-
ȓȍȔ ȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȓȎȐ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȘțȝȕțȚȤ ȒȈȎȌțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț ǿȚȖ ȖȚȊȍ-
ȚȐȚȤ ȍȔț ȕȈ ȥȚȐ Ȋșȍ țșȐȓȐȊȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȐȧ" ǵȈȘȖȌ ȕȍ
țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȐȚșȧ ȖȉȡȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȌȍȑșȚȊțȦȚ
ǵțȎȕȣ ȜȈȒȚȣ Ȑ ȜȈȒȚȣ

129
ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȍȋȖ ȖșȍȕȐȓȈ ȕȖȊȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȗȕ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȕȖȟ-
ȕȖȍ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȔ ǷȈȚȘȐȒȖȔ
ǪȣȗȘȧȔȐȓșȧ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȕȈ ȗȘțȎȐȕȍ ǷȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȘțȒț Ǫșȍ
șȔȖȓȒȓȖ
— Ǫȣ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊ ȜȈȒȚȖȊ" ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȧ ȊȈȔ ȌȈȔ
Ȑȝ ©ǻȟȍȕȣȍª ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȐ ȖȉȡȐȑ ȊȏȘȣȊ Ȋșȍȑ ȚȍȘȘȐȚȖȘȐȐ
ȏȈȕȧȚȖȑ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȍȑ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȘțȌȕȈȧ Ȑ ȖȗȈșȕȈȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȕȖ
ȖȕȈ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȍȕȈ Ǵȣ șȚȖȐȔ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȚȍȘȍ ȊțȓȒȈȕȈ ȋȖȚȖ-
ȊȖȋȖ Ȓ ȐȏȊȍȘȎȍȕȐȦ ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȊțȓȒȈȕ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȒȖȘ-
ȕȣȑ ȊȖȓȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȇ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȓ șȚȘȈȠȕțȦ ȒȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜț
Ǫșȍ ȕȐȚȐ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȈ ȊȍșȤ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȏȔ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȋȐȋȈȕȚ-
șȒȖȑ ȈȌșȒȖȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ Ȋ ȔȖȐȝ ȘțȒȈȝ ȇ ȗȖșȗȍȓ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ ǵȖ ȧ
ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȤ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ©ǻȟȍȕȣȍª — ȕȍ ȉȖȋȐ Ȉ ȗȘȖșȚȣȍ
ȓȦȌȐ ǰ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȠȐȉȒȈ ǶȕȐ ȍȍ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȓȐ
ǵȍ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȍȌțșȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ Ȑ ȟȈșȚȐȟȕȈȧ ȒȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜȈ țȎȍ ȉȣȓȈ
ǺȖȓȗȈ ȏȈȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȈșȤ
— ǿȚȖ Ȗȕ" Ƕ ȟȍȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ" ǫȌȍ ȒȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜȈ"
dzȦȌȐ ȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȍ șȊȖȌȣ ȗțȋȓȐȊȖ ȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȓȐ ȋțȓȈ Ȑ ȚȘȍșȒȈ ǰȕȣȔ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ șȈȔȈ ȗȖȟȊȈ ȗȖȌ ȕȖ-
ȋȈȔȐ țȎȍ ȒȖȓȍȉȓȍȚșȧ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȌȈȓ ȕȈȘȖȌț ȊȘȍȔȧ țșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȏȖȘȣ
Ȋșȍȝ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȖȚȟȍȒȈȕȐȓ șȚȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ Șȍȏ-
ȒȖ șȓȣȠȕȣȔ Ȋ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȕȣȝ țȋȓȈȝ ȏȈȓȈ ȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ:
— ǷȘȖȐȏȖȠȍȓ ȊȏȘȣȊ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȒȈȘȈȕȚȐȕȈ ǫȖȘȧȟȐȑ ȗȖȚȖȒ
Ȑșȟȍȏ ȟȈșȚȤ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȐ ȏȈșȣȗȈȕȈ ȖȉȘțȠȐȊȠȐȔȐșȧ șȒȈȓȈȔȐ
ǴȍȘȚȊȣȔ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍȔ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ țȎȈșȕȖȍ Ȑȏ-
ȊȍșȚȐȍ ǺȈȒ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ" ǪȏȘȣȊ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȌȋȖ-
ȚȖȊȓȧȓșȧ"
ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȒțȟȒȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȒȈȘȈȕȚȐȕț ȟȚȖȉȣ
țȉȍȌȐȚȤșȧ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȋ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖșȚȐ ȚȖȋȖ
ȟȍȔ ȖȠȍȓȖȔȐȓ Ȋșȍȝ DzȖȊȈȓȤ
Ǫ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȉȍȋțȡȐȝ ȔȍȚȕțȓȐșȤ ȍȡȍ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȓȦȌȐ ǰ Ȋșȧ
ȒȖȓȖȕȐȧ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȌȍȚȐ — Ȋșȍ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȏȈȌȣȝȈ-
ȧșȤ ș ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ș ȉȤȦȡȐȔȐșȧ ȌȖ ȉȖȓȐ
șȍȘȌȞȈȔȐ Ȓ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȔț ȗȖȚȖȒț
ǪȖȚ Ȑ ȘȖȡȈ ȥȊȒȈȓȐȗȚȖȊ Ȑ ȔȐȘȚ ǵȖ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȉȈȓȤȏȈȔȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚșȧ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȍȌȒȐȑ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȦ-
ȡȐȑ ȒȈȠȍȓȤ Ȑ șȓȍȏȣ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ

Ƞȍ ȖȚ ȒȘȈȧ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȍȡȍ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȚ
ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖșȚȐ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȕȍ ȖȉȔȈȕțȓ DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȌȈȓ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤ-
șȚȊȖ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȖȉȊȐȕȍȕȐȧ ©țȟȍȕȣȝª Ȋ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȊȠȍȔșȧ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȍ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȘȖȌ țȌȖșȚȖȊȍȘȐȊȠȐșȤ ȟȚȖ țȚȘȍȕȕȧȧ ȗȘȖȒȓȈ-
ȔȈȞȐȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȈ ȕȍ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧȝ ȌȊȐ-
ȕțȓșȧ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȓ ȉȍȓȖȔț ȒțȗȖȓț șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ Ȗ DzȖȊȈȓȍ
șȖșȚȈȊȐȓȖșȤ
— Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȈȊ Ƕȕ șȗȈș Ȋșȍȝ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ
ǷȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȍ țȟȍȕȣȍ
ǺȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȗȘȖșȚȖȌțȠȕȣȍ ǩȖȓȍȍ șȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ șȖșȘȍ-
ȌȖȚȖȟȍȕȕȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ ȕȖ ȌțȔȈȓȐ ȚȖ Ȏȍ
ǹȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȊȕȖȊȤ
ǪȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ Ȋ
ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ Ȋșȍ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȓ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȔț ȗȖȚȖȒț
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ țȎȍ ȕȍ ș ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤȦ ȕȍ șȖ șȚȘȈȝȖȔ Ȉ ș ȕȈȌȍȎ-
ȌȖȑ ȚȖȓȗȈ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȞȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕțȦ ȜȐȋțȘț ȗȘȍȏȐȌȐțȔȈ
ȕȈ DzȖȊȈȓȧ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȖșțȎȌȈȍȔȖȋȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖȔ dzȐȞȖ
ȍȋȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȖȏȈȘȍȕȖ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ ǮȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȕȈȝȖ-
ȌȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȔ ǹȈȔȣȍ ȓȍȊȣȍ ©ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȐª ȕȍ
ȗȘȐȏȕȈȦȡȐȍ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȗȘȐȊȐȓȍȋȐȑ Ȑ ȈȊȚȖȘȐȚȍȚȖȊ Ȑ șȈȔț
ȎȐȏȕȤ șȊȍȌȠȐȍ Ȓ ȗȍȘȊȖȉȣȚȕȖȔț ȖȉȘȈȏț Ȓ ȌȖȌțȔȈȕȕȖȔț ȌȐ-
ȒȈȘșȚȊț ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ țȊȈȎȍȕȐȧ Ȓ
ȥȚȖȔț ȔȖȋțȟȍȔț ȚȖȟȕȖ Ȑȏ șȚȈȓȐ ȊȣȒȖȊȈȕȕȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț
DzȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȕȈ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ȊȖȗȘȖș Ȗ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȐ Ȓ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ-
ȕȖȔț ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊț Ȑ ȖȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȖ ȍȌȐȕȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȉȈȓȓȖȚȐȘȖȊȒȖȑ

132
DZșȎȐȎ XXVI*
ǷȍȘȊȣȔ ȌȍȓȖȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȏȕȈ-
ȟȍȕȐȍ șȓȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȐșșȐȐ ȗȖ ȖȉȊȐȕȍȕȐȦ ©țȟȍȕȣȝª Ȋ ȏȈ-
ȋȖȊȖȘȍ Ǫ ȕȍȍ ȊȖȠȓȐ Ȑ ©șȍȔȍȑȕȣȍª, Ȑ ©ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȐª
ȅȊȍȓȐȕȈ ȀȍȜȜȍȘș ȉȣȓȈ ȌȖȗȘȖȠȍȕȈ ȓȐȟȕȖ DzȖȊȈȓȍȔ
©ǷȖȓȧȘȕȈȧ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȘȐȞȈª ȉȣȓȈ ȊȊȍȌȍȕȈ ȌȊțȔȧ ȊȖȖȘț-
ȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȒȖȕȊȖȑȕȣȔȐ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȖȒȖȕ-
ȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖșȕȖȊȈȓșȧ DzȖȊȈȓȤ DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈȍȌȐȕȍ
Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȖșțȕțȊȠțȦșȧ ȖȚ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȎȐȚȣȝ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȑ
ǻșȔȍȝȕțȓșȧ ȗȖȌ țșȈȔȐ Ȑ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǵȈȠȐ ȘȖȓȐ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȐȓȐșȤ ǬȖȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȦ ȧ
ǪȈȔ ȊȘțȟȍȕ ȓȐșȚ ș ȗțȕȒȚȈȔȐ ȖȉȊȐȕȍȕȐȧ" ǿȚȖ Ȋȣ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ
ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȗȖȊȖȌț" ǷȘȍȌțȗȘȍȎȌȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȖȚ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȖȚ-
ȊȍȚȈ ȏȈȊȐșȐȚ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȓȐ Ȋȣ ȖȉȊȐȕȧȍȔȖȑ ȐȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȊȐȌȍ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȍȑ
— Ǵȕȍ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȖȉȕțȦ ȒȓȍȊȍȚț
— Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȚȍ Ȋ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊȈ Ȑ ǻȈȓȤȌȈ"
— DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍȚ
— ǰ Ȋȣ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȈȊȣ ȇ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȣȌțȔȈȓ ǹ ȒȈȒȖȦ
ȞȍȓȤȦ" ǬȈ ȕȈȌȖ Ȏȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȈș ȘȈȏȊȍșȍȓȐȚȤ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȚȤ ȖȚ șȗȧȟ-
ȒȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȋșȍ Ȋȣ ȋȖȚȖȊȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȗȈșȚȤ ǹȚȘȈȕȈ șȟȈșȚȤȧ
Ǫȣ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȍȋȖȌ-
ȕȧȠȕȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ ȊȟȍȘȈȠȕȐȑ ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȕȈ-
ȖȉȖȘȖȚ Ǫȣ ȗȖșȚȘȖȐȓȐ ȖȘȈȕȎȍȘȍȦ Ȍȓȧ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑ ȖȉȘȍȒȓȐ Ȑȝ
ȕȈ ȚȍȗȓȐȟȕȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ Ǫȣ ȗȖșȈȌȐȓȐ ȏȊȍȘȍȑ Ȋ ȗȘȍȒ-
ȘȈșȕȖ țșȚȘȖȍȕȕțȦ ȒȓȍȚȒț Ȑ ȌțȔȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȉțȌțȚ
ȊȍșȤ ȊȍȒ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȚȤșȧ ȘȈȑșȒȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ Ȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȖȑ ȕȈ ȗȘȖ-
șȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ șȚȖȓȤȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȒȊȈȌȘȈȚȕȣȝ ȒȐȓȖȔȍȚȘȖȊ Ǩ ȊȈȠȐ șȟȈ-
șȚȓȐȊȣȍ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȐ ȊȏȧȓȐ ȌȈ Ȑ ȏȈȠȈȓȐȓȐ ǵȍ ȝȖȚȧȚ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ
ȓȐ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȗȈșȚȐșȤ ȕȈ ȓțȎȒȍ Ȑ șȓțȠȈȚȤ
ȓȍȒȞȐȐ ȋȋ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊȈ Ȑ ǻȈȓȤȌȈ ǶȕȐ ȝȖȚȧȚ ȎȐȏȕȐ-ȉȖȘȤȉȣ
ȝȖȚȧȚ șȔȍȕȣ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȑ ǬȈ Ȑ Ȋȣ șȈȔȐ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ǹȟȈ-
șȚȤȍ — Ȋ țșȗȍȝȍ Ȋ ȗȖȉȍȌȍ ȕȈȌ ȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȐȧȔȐ ǹȟȈșȚȤȍ Ȋ ȌȊȐ-
* ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɥɚɜɤɢ ɩɪɨɩɭɳɟɧɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɢɡɞɚɧɢɢ

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ȎȍȕȐȐ Ȉ ȕȍ Ȋ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖșȚȐ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȓ Ȍȍȓț ǿȚȖ Ȋȣ ȖȚ-
ȊȍȚȐȚȍ ȕȈ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȧ ȖȉȢȧȊȓȧȦ șȍȉȧ ȗȖȓȧȘȕȣȔ
ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȖȔ Ȉ ȊȈș ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȘȐȞȍȑ-șțȗȘțȋȖȑ?
— Ǫȣ ȐȏȌȍȊȈȍȚȍșȤ ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ
— ǵȐȟțȚȤ ǰȔȍȑȚȍ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȒ ȌȐȒȚȈȚȖȘț, ȖȒȈ-
ȏȈȕȖ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȍ ǶȌȐȕ ȠȈȋ Ȑ ȧ șȌȍȓȈȦșȤ ȊȓȈȌȣ-
ȒȖȑ ©ǷȖȓȧȘȕȖȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȐª
ǩȣȊȈȦȚ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ȗȘȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȧ
șȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ ȌțȠȍȊȕȣȍ ȔțȒȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȤ Ȑȝ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ
Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȕȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȖ Ȑ Ȋșȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȖȉȘȈȚȐ-
ȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȍ ȐȏȊȈȧȕȐȍ ȕȍ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖȍ ȕȐ ȔȣșȓȐȚȤ ȕȐ
ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ǰ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȖȊ ȕȈ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ
ȏȈȗȘȖșȣ ȌțȠȐ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ țȗȖȘȕȣȔ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȈ-
ȏȖȑȓȐȊȖȑ ȜȘȈȏȣ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȕȖ ȅȊȍȓȐȕȈ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓȈ
ȍȋȖ șȓȖȊ ǵȍ șȔȖȓȒȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȚȐȒȈȕȤȍ ȔȈȧȚȕȐȒȈ ȟȈșȖȊ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕ-
ȕȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȚȖ ȋȘȖȔȟȍ ȚȖ șȓȈȉȍȍ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓ
«Ǫșȍ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȖ Ǫșȍ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȖ»
ǰ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȋ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȗȘȖȧȊȐȓ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ
ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ ȖȕȈ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȖ ȗȖȌȌȈȓȈșȤ ȉȣ ȕȈșȐȓȐȦ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ șȓȍȌȐȓ ȏȈ ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȐȍȔ ȍȍ ȓȐȞȈ Ȑ ȗȖȕȧȓ,
ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȊȖȠȓȈ Ȋ ȚȖ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȉȍȏȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ
— ȇ ȌȈȦ ȊȈȔ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȌțȔȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȘȈȏȔȣșȓȐȚȤ ȕȈȌ ȊșȍȔ,
ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ǵȈȘȖȌ ȏȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȗȖȊȍȌț ȍȋȖ ȒțȌȈ ȝȖȟț ǶȚ
ȊȈș ȏȈȊȐșȐȚ ȗȖȑȚȐ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȘțȒȈ Ȗȉ ȘțȒț
ȅȊȍȓȐȕț ȖȚȊȍȓȐ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ ȒȖȕȊȖȑȕȣȔ ȏȈȗȘȍȡȍȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ș
ȕȍȦ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȚȤ
ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊȈ Ȑ ǻȈȓȤȌȈ ȌȖȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȐ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȐ ȊȣȉȘȈȕ-
ȕȣȍ Ȑȏ ©șȍȔȍȑȕȣȝª Ȑ ©ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊª
Dz țȎȈșț șȊȖȍȔț, ©țȟȍȕȣȍª țȉȍȌȐȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ
ȐȕȚȍȓȓȐȋȍȕȚȕȣȍ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓȐ Ȋ șȒȈȏȒț Ȗ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȍ
ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ țȉȍȌȐȚȤ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȓȍȗȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȉȍȏ-
ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȖȉȊȐȕȍȕȐȧ ȕȖ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȚ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȓȐȠȤ ȖȌȕț
ȜȘȈȏț
— ǹȖȖȉȡȈȑȚȍ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȓȧȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȊȏȘȣȊȈ
ȅȚȐȔ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȐ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȓȐ Ȗȉȡȍȍ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȒȖȓȖȕȐș-
ȚȖȊ Ȑȝ ȏȈȧȟȐȑ șȚȘȈȝ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȖȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤȦ

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ǻȈȓȤȌ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ
ǪȖșȒȖȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȖ- ȐȕȚȍȓȓȐȋȍȕȚ-
ȕȖȔț ǵȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȐ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȕȍ țȉȍȌȐȓ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȏȔțȟȐȓ șȓțȠȈ-
Țȍȓȍȑ ȗȖȚȖȒȖȔ ȕȍȕțȎȕȣȝ șȓȖȊ
ǶșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ©țȟȍȕȣȍª ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȓȐșȤ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ
ȖȉȊȐȕȍȕȐȍ ȐȔ ȗȘȍȌȢȧȊȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ȐșȚȐȕȣ Ǫ
Ȑȕȣȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȐȔ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔȐ șȣȋȘȈȓ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȏȓțȦ
ȠțȚȒț ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȔȐșȚȐȜȐȒȈȞȐȧ Ȑ șȍȑȟȈș șȈȔȐ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍ-
ȓȐ ȖȌțȘȈȟȐȊ șȊȖȐȝ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ-ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȖȊ ȘȈșȝȖȝȖȟțȚșȧ Ȑ
ȗȖȎȔțȚ ȐȔ ȘțȒȐ ȗȘȖșȧ ȐȏȊȐȕȍȕȐȧ ǵȖ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȐ șȐȌȍȓȐ
ș ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȔȐ șțȘȖȊȣȔȐ ȓȐȞȈȔȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȓȖșȤ ȟțȊșȚ-
ȊȖ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȐ Ȑ ȏȓȖȉȣ
ǬȖȗȘȖș ȕȍ ȌȈȓ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȅȚȖ ȗȘȐȗȐșȈȓȐ
țȗȖȘșȚȊț Ȑ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȦ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ©țȟȍȕȣȝª șțȌȤȉȈ Ȋșȍȑ ȒȖ-
ȓȖȕȐȐ ȕȖ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȧȚ ȊȣȌȈȚȤ ȚȈȑȕȣ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓ
ǷțȚȍȔ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȔȈȕȈ Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȔ ȒȖ-
ȓȖȕȐȐ ȍȍ ȊȖȎȌȍȔ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȌȐȚȍȓȍȔ ȍȍ ȉțȌțȡȍȋȖ
DzȓȍȊȍȚȈ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦȡȈȧ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȦ ȌȈȎȍ ȚȍȕȐ ȗȘȈȊȌȣ ȒȈ-
ȚȐȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒ șȕȍȎȕȣȑ ȒȖȔ Ȋșȍ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȘȈȏȔȍ-
ȘȈȝ ǻȎȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȔȍȓȤȟȈȑȠȐȍ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȕȈȏȣȊȈ-
ȓȐ ȐȔȍȕȈ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ©țȟȍȕȣȍª ȚȈȑȕȖ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊ-
ȓȧȓȐ ȊȏȘȣȊ
— ǷȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ ǹ Ȑȝ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔȐ ȔȈȠȐȕȈȔȐ ȖȌȐȕ
șȌȍȓȈȍȚ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȌ șȐȓț Ȑ șȖȚȕȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ǪȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȘȖșȓȖ ȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȔȍ-
ȕȐȚȤșȧ ȘȈȕȖ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ȗȖȓȕȣȔ țȗȈȌȒȖȔ ǰ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȘȖȌ
ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȗȖ-ȐȕȖȔț ǵȈȑȌțȚșȧ Ȑ ȏȈȡȐȚȕȐȒȐ ©țȟȍȕȣȝª ȓȍ-
ȋȍȕȌȈ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȍȚ șȊȖȍ ȖȉȈȧȕȐȍ ȍȑ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȕțȚ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ ǪȓȐȧ-
ȕȐȍ DzȖȊȈȓȧ ȍȋȖ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ȕȈȌ ȌțȠȈȔȐ șȔȍȕȐȚșȧ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȕȐȧ-
ȔȐ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȊȣȘȈșȚȍȚ ȗȘȧȔȖȍ Ȗȉ-
ȊȐȕȍȕȐȍ ȊȖ ȓȎȐ ǻșȗȍȝ ȕȈȌȖ țȔȍȚȤ șȖȏȌȈȚȤ ȕȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȐȔ ȊȖ-
ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑ ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ǵȈȘȖȌ ȒȈȒ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ ȒȈȒ ȎȍȕȡȐ-
ȕȈ — ȕȍ ȎȌȍȚ ǹȈȔȣȍ șȐȓȤȕȣȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȈȌȈȦȚ
Ȑ ȕȈ șȔȍȕț ȐȔ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȧȊȐȚȤșȧ ȌȘțȋȐȍ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ șȖȏȊȈȓ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȍ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓ ș
ȘȍȟȤȦ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȊȠȍȑ Ȋșȍȝ
— Ǫ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȘțȒȈȝ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȕȍȐșȟȍȘȗȈȍȔȖȍ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȖ

135
Ǵȣ ȊȓȈȌȍȍȔ ȕȈțȟȕȣȔȐ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȔȐ ȔȐ-
Șț ǭșȓȐ Ȕȣ ȏȈȝȖȚȐȔ ȕȈ ȊșȍȔ ȏȍȔȕȖȔ ȠȈȘȍ ȕȍ ȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȓȦ-
Ȍȍȑ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ ȕȈș Ȑ ȊșȧȒȖȍ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȊșȧȒȈȧ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ ș
ȕȈȔȐ șȚȈȕțȚ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔȐ ǸȈȏȊȍ ȟȍșȚȕȖ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȖ
ȓȦȌȍȑ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȘȖșȒȖȠȤȦ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȊșȍȔȐ ȍȍ ȉȓȈȋȈȔȐ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȘȈȚȤȧ ȚȘțȌȧȡȐȍșȧ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȘȈȕ Ȑ ȕȈȘȖȌȖȊ ȐȏȕȣȊȈȦȚ
Ȋ ȘȈȉșȚȊȍ ț Țȍȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȓȈȌȍȦȚ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȊȓȈșȚȤ
ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȈȚȤșȧ șțȌȤȉȈȔȐ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ? ǪȖȖȘțȎȐȔșȧ țȗȖȚȘȍ-
ȉȐȔ Ȋ ȌȍȓȖ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȓȐ ©țȟȍȕȣȍª ǷȖȑȌȍȔ Ȋ
ȔȐȘ Ȍȓȧ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȈ Ȍȓȧ ȊȖȌȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȊ-
șȦȌț ȕȖȊȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȗȘȈȊȌȣ ǷȖșȚȘȖȐȔ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐ ȒȈȒȐȝ
ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȓ ȍȡȍ ȔȐȘ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȍ șțȌȈ ȓȍȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ
ǪȣȑȌȍȔ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȗȈȒȈ Ȑ ȧȊȐȔșȧ ȋȘȖȏȕȣȔȐ
șțȌȤȧȔȐ ȊșȍșȊȍȚȕȖȑ ȕȍȗȘȈȊȌȣ Ǫșȍ ȗȖȑȌțȚ ȏȈ ȕȈȔȐ ȊșȦȌț ș
ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȣȔȐ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧȔȐ ȊșȚȘȍȚȧȚ ȕȈș ȒȈȒ ȊȍșȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȕȖȊȖȑ
ȎȐȏȕȐ ȇ ȏȕȈȦ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȦȚ Ȑ ©țȟȍȕȣȍª ȧ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓ Ȑȝ ȚȈȑ-
ȕȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȕȐ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȓȧ șȍȉȧ ȇ
ȏȖȊț ȊȈș ȐȌȚȐ ȕȈ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȤȉț ș ȔȐ-
ȘȖȊȣȔ ȏȓȖȔ ǪȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ
ǵȈȘȖȌ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȒȘȐȒȈȔȐ Ǫșȍ ȌȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ
ȗȘȖȕȐȒȓȐșȤ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȔȣșȓȤȦ ȖȌțȠȍȊȐȓȐșȤ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍȔ ȎȐȚȤ
ȕȍ Ȍȓȧ șȍȉȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȖ șȗȈșȚȐ ȌȘțȋȐȝ Ȋșȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȖ ǰ
ȏȊȍȏȌȈ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ȏȈșȐȧȓȈ ȕȈȌ ©ǷȖȓȧȘȕȖȑ
ȐȔȗȍȘȐȍȑª Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȋȖȚȖȊȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȐȌȚȐ ȏȈ ȍȍ ȗțȚȍȊȖȌȕȣȔ șȊȍ-
ȚȖȔ ǵȖ, țȊȓȍȒȈȧșȤ ȌȐȊȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȔȍȟȚȖȑ ȊșȚȈȊȠȍȑ Ȋ
ȧȘȒȐȝ ȓțȟȈȝ ȊȖșȗȓȈȔȍȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȓȖȕȐșȚȣ ȕȍ
ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓȐ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ
Ǩ ȋȘȖȏȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȐ ȔȖȋțȟȍȑ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȌȈȊȈȓȐ
ȏȕȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ Ȋșȍ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ
ǿȈșȚȐȟȕȣȍ ȏȍȔȓȍȚȘȧșȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȖȉȊȈȓȣ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȗȖȟ-
ȚȐ ȉȍșȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖ ț ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȋȖ ȗȖȚȖȒȈ ȘțșȓȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ
șȖȊșȍȔ ȏȈșȣȗȈȓȐ ȋȘțȌȣ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȖȊ ǷȖȒȘȐȊȐȓȐșȤ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ
ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȦȡȐȍ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȍ șȊȖȌȣ ț ȒȈȘȈȕȚȐȕȈ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȋȘȖ-
ȏȐȓȐ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȍȔ ǸȈȉȖȟȐȑ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȗțȚȤ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȖȑ
ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȕȈȠȍȓ șȐȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȖȊȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȧ Ȋ Țțȕȕȍȓȍ
ǯȌȈȕȐȍ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ Ȑ ȥȓȍȊȈȚȖȘ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȣ
ǷȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏț DzȖȊȈȓȧ ȦȎȕȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤ ©ǷȖȓȧȘȕȖȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȐª
ȋȌȍ ȗȖȔȍȡȈȓșȧ ȒȈȘȈȕȚȐȕ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȈ ȖșȖȉȖȑ ȊȕȖȊȤ Ȋȣ-

șȚȘȖȍȕȕȖȑ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȖȑ șȚȍȕȖȑ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȊșȒȖȘȍ șȚȈȓȈ ȌȈȊȈȚȤ
ȚȘȍȡȐȕȣ Ȑ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖȍ ȌȍȎțȘșȚȊȖ ȗȖ
ȘȍȔȖȕȚț ǺȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ șȖ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȐȔ ȚȘȍșȒȖȔ șȚȍȒȓȈ ȓȖȗȈȓȐșȤ
Ȑ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȓȐșȤ ȒȖȓȦȟȐȔȐ ȖșȒȖȓȒȈȔȐ DzȖȊȈȓȤ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ țșȗȖ-
ȒȖȐȚȤ Ȋșȍȝ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȋ
Ǫ ȗȘȖȒȓȈȔȈȞȐȧȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȗȕ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȓ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ ȕȍ-
ȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȖșȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ
©țȟȍȕȣȝª ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȓȧȊȠȐȝ ȒȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜț ȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȔȍȘȣ ȗȘȐȕȧ-
Țȣ Ȑ ȌȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȊ ȉȍȌșȚȊȐȍ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȘȈșȚȍȚșȧ
DzȖȊȈȓȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȖșȚȐȋ ȊȓȈșȚȐ Ȑ ȓȦȌȐ ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȈȓȐșȤ
ȍȔț ȕȖ șȚȐȝȐȑȕȈȧ șȐȓȈ ȗȖșȣȓȈȓȈ ȊȣȏȖȊ ȏȈ ȊȣȏȖȊȖȔ Ȑ ȕȍ
ȝȖȚȍȓȈ șȟȐȚȈȚȤșȧ ș ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ȓȦȌȍȑ ș Ȑȝ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȕȈ-
ȌȍȎȌȈȔȐ ȔȍȟȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȠȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȐșȗȖȓȐȕ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȦȡȐȑ
ȟȚȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȣȔȐ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȌȈȊȐȚ ȒȘȖȝȖȚȕȣȝ ȗȐȋ-
ȔȍȍȊ Ȋ ȋȖȘȌȖȔ ȌȍȘȏȕȖȊȍȕȐȐ șȟȐȚȈȦȡȐȝ șȍȉȧ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈȔȐ
ȏȍȔȓȐ ǰ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȚȐȝȐȐ ȕȈșȒțȟȐȓȖ ȡȈȌȐȚȤ Ȑ
ȖȕȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ ȊȖ ȊȍșȤ ȘȖșȚ Ȑ ȕȈȌ ©ǷȖȓȧȘȕȖȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȍȑª
ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ țȎȈșȕȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ǴȍȌțȏȣ
ǶȚȒȘȣȚȐȍ ǩȍșșȖȕȖȊȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȋȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȖ ȕȖ Ȗȕ țȗțșȚȐȓ Ȑȏ
ȊȐȌț ȟȚȖ ȋȖȘȧȡȐȍ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖțȋȖȓȤȕȣȍ ȒȖȗȐ ȘȈȕȖ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȏȌ-
ȕȖ ȊȣȏȖȊțȚ ȖȉȊȈȓȣ ȊȍȘȝȕȐȝ șȓȖȍȊ
DzȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜȈ ȘȈȏȘȈȏȐȓȈșȤ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ
ȖȉȔȈȕȟȐȊȖȋȖ țșȗȖȒȖȍȕȐȧ ǿȈș ȋȐȉȍȓȐ șȖȊȗȈȓ ș ȚȍȔ ȘȈȌȖșȚ-
ȕȣȔ Ȍȓȧ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȗȖȓȧȘȕȣȝ șȚȘȈȕ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖ-
șȓȍ ȌȖȓȋȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ șȖȓȕȞȍ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ
ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȈ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȈȍȚ șȊȖȐ ȓțȟȐ ȖȉȍȡȈȧ ȊȖȏȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȕȖ-
ȊȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǵȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧȘȒȐȑ ȒȘȈșȕȖȊȈȚȣȑ șȊȍȚ ȗȍȘȍȘȍȏȈȓ ȔȘȈȒ ȗȖ-
ȓȧȘȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȏȈȐȋȘȈȓ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔȐ ȉȓȐȒȈȔȐ ȕȈ șȚȍȒȓȧȕ-
ȕȣȝ șȊȖȌȈȝ ©ǹȚȘȈȕȣ șȟȈșȚȤȧª ȕȖ ȖȏȈȘȐȓ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț țȎȈșȈ Ȑ
ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȐȧ ǵȈ ȚȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȋȌȍ ȋȖȘȌȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ țȔ
ȊȣșȚȘȖȐȓ ȖȘȈȕȎȍȘȍȦ Ȍȓȧ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑ șȟȐȚȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚȍ-
ȓȍȔ șȚȐȝȐȑ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȓȐȠȤ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȐ Ȑ ȔȍȘȚȊȧ-
ȡȐȑ ȝȖȓȖȌ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȈȧ ȗȖȊșȦȌț ȌȖȊȍȘȠȈȓ ȌȍȓȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ

ǻdzǼǯȉȅǮǷǻȉdz ǽǾǶǸǹȌȅdzǻǶȍ
ǼǿǸǮǾǮ DzǮǷǯǻǮ Ƕ ǸǼǻDzǾǮȀǶȍ
ǻdzǰdzǿdzǹǼDZǼ
ǯȜȞȪȏȎ ȕșȩȣ Ȗ ȒȜȏȞȩȣ țȎ ȟȡȦȓ țȎ ȚȜȞȓ
Ȑ ȐȜȕȒȡȣȓ Ȗ ȝȜȒ ȐȜȒȜȬ
ȂȎțȠȎȟȠȖȥȓȟȘȎȭ ȝȜȐȓȟȠȪ

138
I
ǽdzǾǰǼdz ǵǻǮǸǼǺǿȀǰǼ
ǺȘȍȚȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȈȊȐȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒȈ ȖȔȘȈȟȐȓșȧ șȚȘȈȠ-
ȕȣȔ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍȔ
ǹȔȍȓȣȑ ȗȐȓȖȚ ǨȕȌȘȍȍȊ ȏȈȊȖȍȊȈȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ
șȐȔȗȈȚȐȐ ȗțȉȓȐȒȐ Ȑ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȐ ȚȖȓȗȣ ȏȈ ȏȈȉȖȘȖȔ ȈȥȘȖȌȘȖ-
ȔȈ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ țȗȈȓ ș ȊȣșȖȚȣ 1.000 ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȈȗȗȈȘȈ-
ȚȖȔǬȐȊȕȈȧ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȗȚȐȞȈ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȋȘțȌț ȉȍȏȖ-
ȉȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȒȘȣȓȐ ȗȖȌ șȖȉȖȦ ȐȏțȘȖȌȖȊȈȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȚȘțȗ ǯȘȐȚȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍȓȐ ȖȚ țȎȈșȈ ǷȖ-
ȚȖȔ Ȋșȍȝ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȖȌȐȕ ȗȖȘȣȊ Ȑ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȔȍșȚț
ȒȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜȣ ǷȘȖșȒȈȒȈȓ ȖȚȘȧȌ ȒȖȕȕȖȑ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȐ ǩȓȍȌȕȣȍ
ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȌȐȚȍȓȐ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒȈ ǷȘȖȕȍș-
ȓȐ ȕȖșȐȓȒȐ ǺȘȐȉțȕȣ ȖȗțșȚȍȓȐ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȊȖȍ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐ
șȚȖȧȚȤ ț ȗȍȘȐȓ ȚȘȐȉțȕȣ ǶȌȐȕ ȉȣȓ ȖȌȍȚ ȕȍȘȧȠȓȐȊȖ Ȋ șȚȈ-
ȘȖȔ ȓȍȚȕȍȔ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ Ȋ ȗȖȘȣȎȍȓȖȑ Ƞȓȧȗȍ ǪȐȌȐȔȖ Ȗȕ șȖȊ-
șȍȔ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȖȚȐȓșȧ Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ ȕȈȘțȎȕȖșȚȐ ȓȐȞȖ ȖȉȘȖșȓȖ ȖȋȘȖȔ-
ȕȖȑ ȉȖȘȖȌȖȑ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȞȍȓȈȧ ȒȖȗȕȈ ȊȖȓȖș ǫȓțȉȖȒȈȧ ȗȖȗȍ-
ȘȍȟȕȈȧ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȈ ȕȈ ȓȉț Ȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȐșȗȖȌȓȖȉȤȧ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȍȔț
ȔȘȈȟȕȖȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ
ǬȘțȋȖȑ ȉȣȓ ȖȓȐȞȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍȔ ȒȖȘȘȍȒȚȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȐȏȧȡȍșȚȊȈ
ǹȚȘȖȋȖ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȕȕȣȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ ȒȖșȚȦȔ ǫȓȈȌȒȖ ȊȣȉȘȐ-
ȚȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ DzȘȈșȕȣȍ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖ ȖȟȍȘȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȋțȉȣ ȚȖȕȒȐȑ ȕȖș
ș ȋȖȘȉȐȕȒȖȑ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȕȣȑ ȓȖȉ șȊȍȚȓȖ-șȍȘȣȍ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ
ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȘțȔȧȕȍȞ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȧ ȕȈ ȡȍȒȈȝ
Ǫ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȓȍȋȒȖ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȘȈșȚȘȍȗȈȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑȕ-
ȚȍȓȓȐȋȍȕȚȈ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȔ — ȗȖȌȚȧȕțȚȖȋȖ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȈ
ǹȚȖȧ ț ȗȍȘȐȓ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ
ȕȐ Ȓ ȒȖȔț ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧșȤ
— ǺȈȒ Ȑ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ǰ ȟȍȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȐȑ
ȚȍȔ ȓțȟȠȍ dzȦȌȐ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȗȖȑȔțȚ ȕȍȓȍȗȖșȚȤ ȥȚȖȑ ȏȈȚȍȐ ǷȖȑ-
ȔțȚ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȊȖȍȊȈȕȐȍ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ Ȉ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȓȖȔȕȣȑ șȗȖȘȚ
ȅȚȐ ȖȗȈșȕȣȍ ȐȋȘțȠȒȐ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȉțȌțȡȕȖșȚȐ ǨȊȐȈ-

139
ȚȖȘ — ȘȈȉ șȚȐȝȐȐ ȘȈȉ șȊȖȍȑ ȋȓțȗȖȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȘȈȉ ȒȈȗȘȐȏ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȚȖȘȈ Ȉ ȘȈȉ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ șȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȖȔ
— ǰȏȊȐȕȐȚȍ — ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȍȞ ȗȘȐȗȖȌ-
ȕȐȔȈȧ ȒȖȚȍȓȖȒ — ǪȈȠȍ șțȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȚȈȒ ȘȍȏȒȖ ǪȍșȤ ȔȐȘ ȏȈȕȧȚ
ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȔ Ȗȉ ȈȊȐȈȞȐȐ ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȖȠȐȉȈȦȚșȧ"
ǽȔțȘȣȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȐȏȧȡȕȖȋȖ ȐȕȖ-
șȚȘȈȕȞȈ
— ȇ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ ȕȈȊȧȏȣȊȈȦ șȊȖȐȝ ȔȕȍȕȐȑ ǭșȓȐ ȊȍȘȐȚȍ Ȋ
ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȣ — Ȋ ȟȈș ȌȖȉȘȣȑ ȊȍȘȤȚȍ
— ǹȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋȣ șȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȒ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȖȊ ȓȍȋȟȍ ȊȖȏȌț-
ȝȈ ȌȐȘȐȎȈȉȓȍȑ
— DzȈȒ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȉȣȚȤ șȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȒȖȔ ȥȚȐȝ ȓȍȚȈȦȡȐȝ ȉȍȋȍ-
ȔȖȚȖȊ" ȇ ȕȍ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ țȚȍȠȈȚȤșȧ ȗțșȒȈȕȐȍȔ ȗțȏȣȘȍȑ
Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝ
— ǵȖ, Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ǷȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȖȚȘȍȒȖȔȍȕ-
ȌȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ ȏȈȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȖȋȖ șȐȕȌȐ-
ȒȈȚȈ ȉȍȕȏȐȕȖȔȖȚȖȘȖȊ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘ ȗȖ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȐ
— ǵț Ȉ ȧ — DzȖȕȌȘȈȚȐȑ ǮȍȓȚțȋȐȕ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȈȔ ȗȖ șȍȉȍ
ȉȍȏȖ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȐ
ǽȔțȘȣȑ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ ȔȧȋȒȖȑ ȌȖȉȘȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ
— Ǵȍȕȧ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȐ ȗȘȖȏȊȈȓȐ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȔ DzȖȕȌȘȈȚȐȑ ǵȍ-
Ȋȍșȍȓȣȑ ǵȈ ȥȚț ȒȓȐȟȒț ȧ ȖȝȖȚȕȍȍ ȖȚȏȣȊȈȦșȤ
— ȇ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȦ șȍȉȍ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȕȈȠȍȔț ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘț Ǫȣ ȖȚ-
ȘȐȞȈȍȚȍ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȣ ȖȚȘȐȞȈȍȚȍ ȌȐȘȐȎȈȉȓȐ ǯȕȈȟȐȚ Ȋȣ ȊȖ-
Ȗȉȡȍ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȚȍ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȖȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȍ"
— ǵȐȖȚȒțȌȈ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȇ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȦ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȏ-
ȌțȝȖȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȍ ȐȌȍȚ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȊȍȘȕȣȔ ȗțȚȍȔ ǶȕȐ șȗȍȠȈȚ
ȐȏȖȉȘȍșȚȐ ȔȈȠȐȕț țȊȓȍȒȈȧșȤ ȗȚȐȞȍȗȖȌȖȉȐȍȔ ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ Ȋșȍ
ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȐȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ țȔȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ ȧȊ-
ȓȧȦȚșȧ ȗȖȌȘȈȎȈȕȐȍȔ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȍ ǸȈȏȊȍ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȍșȚȤ ȋȌȍ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȋ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȍ ȒȖȓȍșȖ" Ǩ ȖȕȖ-ȚȖ Ȑ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ șțȡȍșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȍȑȠțȦ ȟȈșȚȤ ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȅȚȖ ȖȌȕȖ Ȉ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȕȍ-
ȓȤȏȧ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȤ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȣ ȕȍ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȊ ȚȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ
ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȕȣ ȐȔȍȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ Ǫ ȌȈȕȕȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȥȚȖ șȐȓȈ ȚȧȎȍ-
șȚȐ ǿȚȖ Ȕȣ Ȗ ȕȍȑ ȏȕȈȍȔ" ǸȖȊȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ǻȔȍȍȔ ȓȐ Ȕȣ țȗ-
ȘȈȊȓȧȚȤ ȍȦ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȔț ȎȍȓȈȕȐȦ" ǵȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȇ ȔȖȋț țșȐ-
ȓȐȚȤ Ȑ ȖșȓȈȉȐȚȤ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȚȖȒ ǵȖ ȔȖȋț ȓȐ ȧ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȚȤ
ȐȓȐ țȔȍȕȤȠȐȚȤ Ȋȍș ȚȍȓȈ" ȇ ȔȖȋț ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȐȏȖȓȧȚȖȘ șȒȊȖȏȤ

ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕȍȚ ǻȒȈȎȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȒ
ȐȏȖȓȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȚȍȓȖ ȖȚ ȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȚȧȎȍȕȐȧ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȖȕȖ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓȖ ȊȍșȤ șȊȖȑ Ȋȍș ǵȈȌȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ țȗȖȘȕȖ Ȋ
ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȗȘȐȘȖȌț ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȚȈȑȕț Ȉ ȕȍ
ȓȍȚȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȋȓțȗȣȝ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈȝ ȘȐșȒțȧ ȒȈȎȌțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț șȓȖȔȈȚȤ
șȍȉȍ ȋȖȓȖȊț
— ǹțȌȧ ȗȖ ȊȈȠȐȔ șȓȖȊȈȔ Ȋȣ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȍȚȍșȤ ȚȍȖȘȍȚȐȟȍ-
șȒȐȔ ȊȖȏȌțȝȖȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȍȔ"
DzȖȕȌȘȈȚȐȑ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ ȕȈșțȗȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȋȖ
șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒȈ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
— ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ — ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ Ȗȕ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȝȖȚȍȓ șȗȘȖșȐȚȤ
©Ǩ Țȍȉȍ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ"ª
ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȗȖȕȧȓ
—ǰȏȊȐȕȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȊȈȔ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔ ǵȖ Ȋșȍ
ȥȚȐ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ ȚȈȒ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȦȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ șȈȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ
Ȋȏȧȓ ȗȈȚȍȕȚ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖ țșȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȈ
ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ șȔȧȋȟȐȓșȧ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȗȖȚȖȓȒțȍȔ ǬȈ ȗȖȑȌȍȔȚȍ ȒșȚȈ-
ȚȐ ȗȖȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȈȚȤ ȒțȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȇ ȕȍ ȍȓ ș țȚȘȈ
ǰ, ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȊȠțȦșȧ șțȔȈȚȖȝț
ȕȈ ȈȥȘȖȌȘȖȔȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȊȠȐșȤ țȏȕȈȚȤ Ȗ șțȌȤȉȍ ȈȊȐȈ-
ȚȖȘȈ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒȈ

141
II
ǰdzǹǶǸǼdz ǼȀǸǾȉȀǶdz
ǹȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȈȊȐȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒȈ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔ--
șȚȊȖ ȥȚȐȝ șȚȖȓȤ ȟțȎȌȣȝ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȓȦȌȍȑ ȏȈȒȘȍȗȐȓȖșȤ ȟȈș-
ȚȣȔȐ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȔȐ Ȑ ȉȍșȍȌȈȔȐ Ȋșȍ ȕȈ ȖȌȕț Ȑ Țț Ȏȍ ȚȍȔț Ȗ ȗȘȐ-
ȟȐȕȈȝ ȊȖȏȌțȝȖȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȧ. ǵȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȍșȧȞ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ
ȘȍȠȐȓșȧ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȌțȠț Ȑ șȖȏȕȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ ȘȈȉȖ-
ȚȈȍȚ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȊȖȗȘȖșț ȟȚȖ ȌȖșȚȐȋ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȘȍȏțȓȤ-
ȚȈȚȖȊ ȕȖ ȗȖ ȕȍȐȔȍȕȐȦ șȘȍȌșȚȊ Ȉ ȟȈșȚȤȦ Ȑȏ ȉȖȧȏȕȐ ȊȣȌȈȚȤ
șȍȒȘȍȚ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȐȓ șȊȖȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȍ ȓȐȠȤ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȔȖȌȍ-
ȓȧȝǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȋ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȗȕ ȗȖȊȍȓ ǶșȒȈȘȈ
ǬȈȑȉȕȈ Ȓ șȍȉȍ
— ȇ ȍȡȍ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȧ Ǫȣ țȊȐ-
ȌȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȉȍșȍȌ Ǫȣ țȊȐ-
ȌȐȚȍ ȟțȌȍșȈ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȘȖȦ ȊȈȔ șȍȒȘȍȚȈ ȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȎț
ȔȖȌȍȓȐ
DzȖȕȌȘȈȚȐȑ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ ȖȚȗȍȘ ȌȊȍȘȐ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȒȐ ȕȈ
ǷȍșȒȈȝ Ȑ ȗȘȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȖșȚȧ
— ǪȐȌȐȚȍ ȎȐȊț ȖȌȐȕ ȉȍȏ ȗȘȐșȓțȋȐ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȉȍș-
ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ ǵț ȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȍȌȈ
ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ ȖșȚȘȣȔ ȝȐȡȕȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȖȒȐȕțȓ ȊșȦ
țȉȖȋțȦ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒț ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȣ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȖȚȣșȒȐȊȈȧ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ
Ǫ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ șȚȖȧȓ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ șȚȖȓ Ȑȏ ȕȍȒȘȈȠȍȕȣȝ ȌȖșȖȒ
ȕȈ ȒȖȏȓȈȝ ǬȖ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȣ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȊȈȓȍȕ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȊșȧȟȐȕȖȑ
ȒȕȐȋȈȔȐ ȉțȔȈȋȈȔȐ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȈȔȐ ȒțșȒȈȔȐ ȔȍȌȕȖȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȊȖȓȖȒȐ
ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ țșȈȌȐȓ ǬȈȑȉȕȈ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȗȖȚȘȍȗȈȕȕȖȍ ȒȘȍș-
ȓȖ Ȉ șȈȔ țȠȍȓ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȘȖȒȖȗȈȓșȧ Ȑ Ȋȣȕȍș ȌȊȈ ȧȡȐ-
ȒȈ
— ǪȖȚ ȚțȚ Ȋșȍ
ǬȖșȚȈȓ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȓȈȒȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ șțȕȌțȟȖȒ ǰȏ ȕȍȋȖ ȊȣȝȖ-
ȌȐȓȐ ȌȊȍ ȐȏȖȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȒȐ Ȉ șȉȖȒț ȊȐȌȕȍȓȈșȤ ȔȈ-
ȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȔȍȌȕȈȧ ȘțȟȒȈ
— ǪȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍȋȖ țșȚȘȖȑșȚȊȈ ȧ ȊȈȔ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȎț ǴȖȋț șȒȈ-

142
ȏȈȚȤ ȖȌȕȖ ȚȈȔ ȕȍȚ ȕȐ ȋȈȓȤȊȈȕȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȉȈȚȈȘȍȐ ȕȐ ȈȒȒțȔț-
ȓȧȚȖȘȖȊ ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ ȌȈȍȚ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ
șȐȓȣ ȚȖȒ Ȑ ȌȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȉȍȏ ȝȐȔȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȘȍȈȒȞȐȐ ȐȓȐ
ȗȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȟȍșȒȖȑ șȐȓȣ
— ǹȊȖȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ perpetuum mobile?
— ǰȔȍȕȕȖ ȅȚȖ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȚȖȘ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȥȓȍȒ-
ȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȈ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ ȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȖȔȈȋȕȍȚȐȏȔȈ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ
ȒȈȒ ȊșȧȒȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȘțȒ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ ȘȈȕȖ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȏȌ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȚȘȍȉțȍȚ ȘȍȔȖȕȚȈ ȕȖ Ȋ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ Ȗȕ Ȋȍȟȍȕ ȗȖȒȈ ȗȖ-
ȒȈ ȏȍȔȓȧ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȖșȐ Ȑ ȊȖȒȘțȋ șȖȓȕȞȈ DzȈȒ
ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȔȖȍ perpetuum mobile ȕȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȐȚ ȖșȕȖȊȕȖȔț
ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗț ȔȍȝȈȕȐȒȐ ǷȖșȚȈȊȤȚȍ ȔȍȓȤȕȐȟȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȍșȖ ȕȈ ȋȖȘ-
ȕȖȑ ȘȍȟȒȍ ȖȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȍȘȚȍȚȤșȧ ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȐșșȧȒ-
ȕȍȚ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ ȊȖȌȣ ǴȖȑ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ ȉțȌȍȚ ȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȚȖȒ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ
ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ǫȣ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ
ǴȖȎȍȚȍ șȟȐȚȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ ȠȈȘȓȈȚȈȕȈ — ȊȈȠȍ ȌȍȓȖ ǵȖ ȊșȍȋȖ
ȧ ȊȈȔ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȎț ǬȈ ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊȈȎȕȖ ǹȟȐȚȈȑȚȍ ȥȚȖȚ Ȉȗ-
ȗȈȘȈȚ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȏȈ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȐ ȖȚȒțȌȈ
ȉȣ ȖȕȈ ȚȈȔ ȕȐ ȉȘȈȓȈșȤ ȇ ȊȈȔ ȗȖȒȈȎț ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ țȉȍȌȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȖȗȣȚ ȌȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓ șȐȓȖȑ ȚȧȎȍ-
șȚȐ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȐȚȧȎȍȕȐȧ
ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ Ȋȣȕțȓ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȓȖșȒȐȑ ȧȡȐȒ ȕȈ
ȒȘȣȠȒȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȉȣȓ țȒȘȍȗȓȍȕ ȔȍȌȕȣȑ ȒȘțȋ ș ȌȍȓȍȕȐȧȔȐ
Ȑ șȚȘȍȓȒȖȑ șȚȖȧȡȍȑ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȍ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȕȈ șȚȖȓ Ȋȍșȣ ș ȕȐȎȕȐȔ ȒȖȘȖȔȣșȓȖȔ
ȊȘȖȌȍ ȓȈȊȖȟȕȣȝ
ǷȓȖșȒȐȑ ȧȡȐȒ șȖȍȌȐȕȐȓ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȐȏȖȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ
ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȒȈȔȐ ș ȓȈȒȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ șțȕȌțȟȒȖȔ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȗȖȊȍȘ-
ȕțȓ ȘțȟȒț
— ǺȖȒ ȗțȡȍȕ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ǶșȒȈȘ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍ șȈȔȐ ȧȡȐȒ ȕȈ
ȟȈȠȒț ȊȍșȖȊ Ȑ țȘȈȊȕȖȊȍșȤȚȍ ȋȐȘȧȔȐ ǺȈȒ ǷȍȘȍșȚȈȊȤȚȍ șȚȘȍȓ-
Ȓț ȕȈ 45°. ǿȚȖ" ǿȈȠȒȈ ș ȋȐȘȧȔȐ ȗȍȘȍȚȧȕțȓȈ" ǻȘȈȊȕȖȊȍșȤȚȍ
ȊȕȖȊȤ DzȈȒȈȧ ȗȖȚȍȘȧ ȊȍșȈ"
— ǪȔȍșȚȖ 12 Ȝ — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ 9, 3 Ȝ ȗȖȚȍȘȐ
— ǷȍȘȍȌȊȐȕȤȚȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȈ 45°. DzȈȒȈȧ ȗȖȚȍȘȧ"
— ǭȡȍ ȚȘȐ ȜțȕȚȈ ȇȡȐȒ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȍșȐȚ ȊșȍȋȖ 6 ȜțȕȚȖȊ
— ǷȍȘȍȌȊȐȕȤȚȍ șȘȈȏț ȕȈ 180°. ǪȐȌȐȚȍ ǷȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ șȕȧȚȤ
Ȋșȍ ȚȘȐ ȇȡȐȒ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȊȍșȤ șȊȖȑ Ȋȍș ǷȖȌȕȐȔȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ ȊȊȍȘȝ

143
ǪȣȠȍ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȒȐ ȝȊȈȚȐȚ ǶȚȕȐȔȐȚȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȘțȒȐ
ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȖȚ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȇȡȐȒ ȕȐ-
ȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȔȣȑ ȊȐșȍȓ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ǯȘȍȓȐȡȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȖ-
ȟȚȐ ȗțȋȈȓȖ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȐȓȖ ȖȕȖ ȖȉȣȟȕȣȔ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȧȔ Ȗ Ȋȍșȍ ȚȍȓȈ ǬȈȎȍ ȗțȠȐȕȒȈ ȗȓȈȊȈȦȡȈȧ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ
ȘȈȕȖ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ șȗțșȚȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ Ȉ ȏȌȍșȤ ȓȍȋȟȍ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȗț-
ȠȐȕȒȐ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ -ȜțȕȚȖȊȣȑ ȧȡȐȒ
— ǷȘȐȞȍȗȐȚȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȓ ȕȐȎȕȍȔț ȒȖȓȤȞț ȧȡȐȒȈ -Ȝțȕ-
ȚȖȊțȦ ȋȐȘȦ ǹȚȘȍȓȒȈ șȚȖȐȚ ȕȈ 180° — ȗȍȘȍȊȍȌȐȚȍ ȍȍ ȕȈ 270°.
ǷȖȌȕȐȔȐȚȍ ȧȡȐȒ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ǸțȒȐ ȗȘȖȟȤ ǪȐȌȐȚȍ Ȑ ȋȐȘȧ ȗȖ-
ȚȍȘȧȓȈ Ȋȍș ǶȗțșȚȐȚȍ ȧȡȐȒ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȕȈ șȚȖȓ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȌȐȚȍ șȚȘȍȓ-
Ȓț ȕț ȝȖȚȤ ȕȈ ƒ
ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȧȡȐȒ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ț ȕȍ-
ȋȖ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ Ƕȕ ȚȐȝȖ Ȑ ȗȓȈȊȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȊȊȍȘȝ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ
ȗȖȌ șȈȔȣȔ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȖȔ ȕȈȚȧȕțȊ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȈ
— ǪȐȌȐȚȍ ǷȖȚȍȘȧ ȊȍșȈ ȗȍȘȍȠȓȈ Ȋ ȗȖȌȢȍȔȕțȦ șȐȓț —
ȏȈȝȓȍȉȣȊȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȖȚ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ǵȍȊȍșȍ-
ȓȣȑ
ǫȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȘȈșȚȘȍȗȈȕȕȣȍ
ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȖȒȘțȎȐȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊț șȓȖȊȕȖ șȐȧȕȐȍȔ

Ƕȕ șȚȈȓ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȒȘȈșȐȊȍȍ ȖȏȈȘȧȍȔȣȑ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȔ ȖȋȕȍȔ
ǶȗȣȚȣ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓȐ ȕȈ ǬȈȑȉȕȈ șȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȍ Ȗȕ ȍȌȊȈ șȒȘȣȊȈȓ ȗȖȌ ȔȈșȒȖȑ ȝȓȈȌȕȖȒȘȖȊȐȧ
— DzȈȒ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȐȚȤ ȊȈȠȐ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȧ Ȓ
ȊȖȏȌțȝȖȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȦ"
— Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȌȖȋȈȌȣȊȈȍȚȍșȤ" ǬȈ ȊȍȌȤ șȚȖȐȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ
ȒȖȓȓȍȒȚȖȘ ȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȈ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȧȡȐȒ — ȊȖȚ ȊȈȔ
Ȑ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ Ǫșȍ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ
ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȊ ǹȧȌȤȚȍ șȈȔȐ șȊȍȘȝț ǷȖȊȖȘȖȚ ȘȣȟȈȋȈ Ȑ ȊȍșȤ ȈȗȗȈ-
ȘȈȚ ȚȍȘȧȍȚ Ȋȍș ǭȡȍ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ ȊȍȘȚȐ-
ȒȈȓȤȕȖ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝ
— Ǩ ȗȖșȚțȗȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ"
— ǵț țȎ ȥȚȖ ȗțșȚȧȒȐ ǷȘȐȌȍȓȈȑȚȍ șȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȗȘȖȗȍȓȓȍȘ
ǹȏȈȌȐ ȘțȓȤ ǰ ȓȍȚȐȚȍ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ ȍȌȍȚȍ Ȋ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȍ
— Ǫȣ ȕȍ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ ȗȘȖȍȒȞȐȖȕȕȣȝ ȟȍȘȚȍȎȍȑ"
— ǵȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȕȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȘȈȏȘȈȉȖȚȈȕȣ Ȋșȍ ȌȍȚȈ-
ȓȐ ǸȈȏȘȈȉȖȚȈȕȈ Ȑ ȕȖȊȈȧ ȚȍȖȘȐȧ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȈ șȗȘȖȍȒȚȐ-
ȘȖȊȈȕȣ Ȑ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȉȖȘȣ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȧȍȚșȧ ©ȔȖȍ ȥȓȍȒ-
ȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȖª ǴȍȎȌț ȗȘȖȟȐȔ ȧ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȖșȖȉȣȍ șȐȓȖȊȣȍ ȓțȟȐ
ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȧ ȘȈșȗȖȓȈȋȈȓ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȣȔȐ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈȔȐ
ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ ȕȍ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ǹȐȓȤȕȈȧ ȘțȒȈ ȗȘȐȎȈȓȈ Ȓ ȍȋȖ
ȓȐȞț ȕȖșȖȊȖȑ ȗȓȈȚȖȒ ǹȓȈȌȒȖȊȈȚȣȍ ȖȌțȘȧȦȡȐȍ ȗȈȘȣ ȗȘȖ-
ȕȐȒȓȐ Ȋ ȕȖȏȌȘȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȘȖȚ ǹȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȍȋȖ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȖ

145
III
ǺdzȅȀǮ ǰǼǵǾǼDzǶǹǮǿȊ
ǶȟȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȖȊ DzȖȕȌȘȈȚȐȑ ǵȍ-
Ȋȍșȍȓȣȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȌȈȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȖȚȟȍȚȈ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ
Ƕȕ ȊșȚȈȓ ș ȒȘȍșȓȈ ȕȖ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȖȠȈȚȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȍ țȗȈȓ
ǫȖȓȖȊȈ ȒȘțȎȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȖ ȉȖȓȍȓȈ ǺȖȠȕȖȚȈ ȗȖȌșȚțȗȈȓȈ
Ȓ ȋȖȘȓț
ǹȚȈȓȖ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȓțȟȠȍ ǯȈȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ȔȖȏȋ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȗȘȐȗȖ-
ȔȐȕȈȚȤșȧ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȐ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȧ ș ǶșȒȈȘȖȔ ǬȈȑȉȕȖȔ
ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ ȌȐȒȖ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȐ țȎȈșȕȖȑ Ȑș-
ȚȐ-ȕȣ
ǬȈ Ȋșȍ ȍȋȖ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȣ-ȔȖȌȍȓȐ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ Ƕȕ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȋ
șȗȈȓȤȕȦ ǷȐșȤȔȍȕȕȣȑ șȚȖȓ ȉȣȓ ȊȏȓȖȔȈȕ ǩțȔȈȋȐ ȘȈȏȉȘȖ-
șȈȕȣ ǫȘȈȉȐȚȍȓȤ ȕȈȠȍȓ Ȑ șȍȒȘȍȚȕȣȑ ȧȡȐȒ ȋȌȍ ȝȘȈȕȐȓȈșȤ
ȚȈȑȕȈ
DzȈȒ șȕȖȗ țȗȈȓ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ Ȑ ȋȖȘȤȒȖ ȏȈȘȣȌȈȓ ǸȈ-
ȉȖȚț Ȋșȍȑ ȍȋȖ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȍȋȖ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖȍ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȍ ȍȋȖ ȉțȌț-
ȡțȦ șȓȈȊț ȗȖȝȐȚȐȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȕȍȋȖȌȧȑ
ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ ȗȘȖȓȍȎȈȓ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ
ǪȘȈȟȐ ȉȖȧȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșșțȌȖȒ Ǫ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȟȕȖȔ ȉȘȍȌț Ȗȕ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȝ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧȝ Ȑ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȝ ȓȖȌȒȈȝ Ȗ ȕȍȐș-
ȟȍȘȗȈȍȔȖȑ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȖȔȈȋȕȐȚȕȖȑ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȗȕ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ
ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ șȓțȎȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ Ƕȕ țȊȍȘȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȈ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȍ ȘȈș-
șȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȔȍȚȕțȚȤ ȠȈȘȖȊțȦ ȔȖȓȕȐȦ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȔȍȓȐ-
ȕȐȚȕȣȍ șȕȈȘȧȌȣ — ȌȍȚșȒȐȍ ȐȋȘțȠȒȐ Ƕȕ ȉȘȈȓșȧ ȗȖșȘȍȌșȚ-
ȊȖȔ șȐȓȖȊȣȝ ȓțȟȍȑ ȘȈȏȘȧȌȐȚȤ ȗȐșȚȖȓȍȚ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȡȐȑșȧ Ȋ șȖ-
șȍȌȕȍȔ ȌȖȔȍ ȊȏȖȘȊȈȚȤ ȔȐȕț ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ
— ȇ ȕȈȊȍȌț ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘ ȕȈ ȘȖȚț șȖȓȌȈȚ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȗȈȚȘȖȕȣ Ȋȣ--
șȚȘȍȓȧȚ Ȑ ȘțȎȤȧ ȗȘȐȌțȚ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖȌȕȖșȚȤ ȇ ȔȖȋț ȊȏȖȘȊȈȚȤ ș Ȋȣ-
șȖȚȣ 1.000 ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȗȖȘȖȝȖȊȣȍ șȒȓȈȌȣ ȈȘșȍȕȈȓȣ
ǪȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȖ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓ ȗȓȈȒȈȚȤ
ȎȈȓȖȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈ șțȌȤȉț ȕȈȌȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȔ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȔȐ-
ȕȈȓ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ǸȖȏț
—ǬȖȘȖȋȈȧ ȔȖȧ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȔȖȧ
ǪȣȏȌȖȘȖȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȠȓȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ǬȖȓȋȖ ȓȍȎȈȓ Ȗȕ

146
Ȋ ȏȈȉȣȚȤȍ ǹȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖșȓȈȉȍȓ ǹȐȓȣ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ș ȚȘț-
ȌȖȔ Ƕȕ ȖȎȐȓ șȘȈȏț ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȗȘȐȍȔȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȑȒȍ ȗȖ-
ȌȖȠȓȈ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ-ȍȊȘȍȑȒȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȤ Ȑ ȗȓȈ-
ȟȈ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ ȐșȝțȌȈȓȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ǵȍ ȗȖȓțȟȈȧ
ȖȚȊȍȚȈ ȕȈ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ǸȖȏȈ ȘȍȠȐȓȈ ȍȝȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ȗȘȖȊȐȕȞȐȐ Ȋ șȚȖ-
ȓȐȞț Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ țȏȕȈȓȈ Ȗ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȖȋȖ
ǪȐȌȧ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȚȊȖȘȕȖȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȚ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȍȑ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȉȣȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞȍ
ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ
ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ǸȖȏȍ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ș ȕȐȔ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ
— Ǻȣ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖșȚȈȕȍȠȤșȧ ȚȍȔ Ȏȍ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȍȔ ȌȖȊȍȘȧ-
ȦȡȐȔ ȗȍȘȊȖȔț ȊșȚȘȍȟȕȖȔț ǪȣȏȌȖȘȈȊȓȐȊȈȑ șȒȖȘȍȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȐȔȈȑșȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈ ȘȈȉȖȚț Ǻȣ ȊȍȌȤ ȗȖȔȕȐȠȤ Ȋșȍ" ȇ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ-
ȓȈ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ǩțȌț ȗȖȔȖȋȈȚȤ Țȍȉȍ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȟȍȔ ȔȖȋț
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ șȍȒȘȍȚ țȒȘȈȌȍȕ Ǭȓȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȞȍȓȐ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȐȚ ȍȋȖ
ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ" ǹțȌȧ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȖșȚțȗȒț șȖ ȔȕȖȦ Ȗȕ ȉȈȕȌȐȚ
ǷȖșȚȘȖȐȚ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ șȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ ȗȐȘȈȚȖȔ ȊȕȍșȍȚ
țȎȈș șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȍ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔț ȔȐȘț ǰȓȐ ȗȘȖȌȈșȚ șȍȒ-
ȘȍȚ ȒȈȒȖȔț-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊț ǰ ȥȚȖ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȖ ȉțȌȍȚ
ȖȉȓȈȌȈȚȤ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȉțȌȍȚ țȋ-
ȕȍȚȈȚȤ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ Ȑ ȗȖȒȖȘȧȚȤ țȕȐȎȈȚȤ ȕȐȏȊȖȌȐȚȤ
ȕȈ șȚȍȗȍȕȤ ȘȈȉșȚȊȈ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȕȈȘȖȌȣ ǩȖȋȈȚȣȍ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȗȖȘȈȉȖȚȧȚ ȉȍȌȕȣȝ Ǩ ȧ Ȉ Ȕȣ ș ȚȖȉȖȦ ȔȍȟȚȈȓȐ țȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ
ȚȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȧȌȦ-ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȍȘȈ ȌȈȚȤ ȕȈȔ Ȍȍȕȍȋ Ǵȣ ȗȖșȚȘȖȐȓȐ ȉȣ
ȥȚȖ ȐȌȍȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȍ șțȌȕȖ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȖȍ, ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȍ ǪȍȌȤ
ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗ ȏȌȍșȤ ȖȌȐȕ Ǵȣ ȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȉȣ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȖ-
ȒȘȖȊȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ Ȋșȍȝ țȋȕȍȚȍȕȕȣȝ Ǵȣ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȓȐ ȉȣ Ȋșȍ ȕȈȘȖ-
Ȍȣ ǬȐȒȚȖȊȈȓȐ ȉȣ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȔ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȘȈȕ șȊȖȦ ȊȖȓȦ ǵȈ
Ȍȕȍ ȔȖȘȧ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȈ ǷȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȍ șțȌȕȖ ȌȖșȚȈȓȖ ȉȣ
Ȑȝ ǪȓȈȌȣȒȐ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ Ȑ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȞȈȘșȚȊȈ ǴȍȟȚȈ ȔȍȟȚȈ
Ǫșȍ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȖ ǶȘțȌȐȍ ȌȖȉȘȈ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȉȐȟ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȈ
— ǵȍ țȕȣȊȈȑ ȇ țȎȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȌȧȌȍ — Ȗȕ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ șȚȈ-
ȘȐȒ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȖȋȓȈșȍȕ ǷȖȒȈȎȐ ȍȔț ȔȖȌȍȓȐ Ȑ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȋ ȚȊȖȐȝ
ȘțȒȈȝ Ǩ ȥȚȖȚ ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ ǷȖȌțȔȈȑ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ș ȓȐȠȒȖȔ
ȚȘȐ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȌȈȓ șȍȒȘȍȚ ȒȈȒȖȔț-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȘȈ-
ȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊț ȗȖȊȍȘȤ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȘȈșșȓȈȊȐȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȈ ȊȍșȤ șȊȍȚ.
ǷȖȊșȦȌț ȚȈȒȖȍ ȠȗȐȖȕșȚȊȖ
— Ǻȣ ȗȘȈȊȈ Ǩ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȐ șțȌȕȈ ȕȈ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ șȘȍȌ-

147
șȚȊȈ — ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ ȊȖȏȤȔȍȚ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȑȌȍȚ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȕȖȔ ȠȈȘȍ Ȕȍ-
șȚȖ ȒțȌȈ ȉȣ ȕȐ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȓȐ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȣȍ" ǪȍȌȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȍȋȖ
ȗȓȈȕȈ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ǽȖȚȤ ȖȌȕȈ ȚȈȑȕȈ ȕȍ țȒȘȈȌȍȕȈ
_____
DzȖȕȌȘȈȚȐȑ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ ȊȣȗȐșȈȚȤșȧ Ȑȏ ȉȖȓȤȕȐ-
Ȟȣ Ȑ ȗȖșȍȓȐȓșȧ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ǸȖȏȖȑ ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȊșȧȟȍșȒȐ ȖȉȍȘȍȋȈ-
ȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȒȖȑ Ȉ ȒȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ ȗȖȔȖȋȓȈ ȍȔț ȊȖȏȖȉȕȖ-
ȊȐȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȟȍȘȚȍȎȐ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȘȖȐȚȤ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȔȖȌȍȓȐ ǷȘȐȠȓȐ Ȋ
ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȔȣșȓȐ ǹȢȍȏȌȐȓ Ȓ ȌȧȌȍ ǸȖȏȣ ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȍȊȘȍȑ
ȗȘȍȎȕȍȋȖ ȏȈȒȈȓȈ țȟȐȊȠȐȑșȧ ȕȈ ȔȍȌȕȣȍ ȋȘȖȠȐ Ȑ ȖȉȖ ȊșȍȔ
șțȌȐȊȠȐȑ ȗȖ ǺȈȓȔțȌț ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȑ ǵȍ-
ȊȍșȍȓȖȋȖ ȏȈ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȤșȒȐȍ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȣ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ
ȉȣ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȕȍȊȍȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
— dzȦȌȐ ȏȓȣ Ȑ ǩȖȋ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȐȔ ȚȈȑȕ șȊȖȐȝ Ǻȣ
— ȍȋȖ ȐȏȉȘȈȕȕȐȒ ǷȖȔȕȐ ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȏȕȈȕȐȧ șȊȖȐ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȑ ȚȖ-
ȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ ȌȖȉȘȖ ǩțȌȤ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ Ǩ ȧ ǨȉȘȈȋȈȔ ǩȍȘȋ-
ȔȈȕ ȌȈȔ Țȍȉȍ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ǶșțȡȍșȚȊȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ǸȖȏȖȑ ȔȍȟȚț
ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȚȖȓȐȞț ș ȒțȘȤȍȘșȒȐȔ ȗȖȍȏȌȖȔ.
Ǫ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȍ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌ ȕȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ șțȔȔț
— Ǻț-Țț-Țț — șȚțȟȈȓȐ ȒȖȓȍșȈ ȊȈȋȖȕȈ ȖȚȉȐȊȈȧ ȘȐȚȔȐȟȍ-
șȒȐȔȐ țȌȈȘȈȔȐ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤ Ȋ 60 ȊȍȘșȚ Ȋ ȟȈș
— ǬȍȚșȒȐȍ ȐȋȘțȠȒȐ ȏȈȉȈȊȈ ȉȍȌȕȣȝ ȘȈȉȖȊ ȏȍȔȓȐ — Ƞȍȗ-
ȚȈȓ ȗȘȖ șȍȉȧ DzȖȕȌȘȈȚȐȑ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ — ǴȖȑ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȑ ȒȖ-
ȘȈȉȓȤ ȉțȌȍȚ ȐȔȍȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊțȦ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤ Ȋ 500 ȒȐȓȖȔȍȚȘȖȊ ǶȚ
ǴȖșȒȊȣ ȌȖ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȈ ȧ ȗȘȖȓȍȟț Ȋ ȟȈș ș ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ǪȖȒ-
Șțȋ Ȋșȍȑ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȧ Ȗȉȓȍȟț Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ Ȋ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖ șțȚȖȒ ȇ șȓȍȚȈȦ
ȕȈ ȖȉȈ ȗȖȓȦșȈ
ǩȍȏȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȈȧ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȧ ȉȐȓȈșȤ Ȗ șȚȍȕȒȐ ȟȍȘȍȗȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ
ȗȚȐȞȈ Ȋ ȒȓȍȚȒȍ ȐȡȈ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȈ șȊȍȘȝȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖ-
ȋȖ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȖȔț ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȔȟȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȒțȘȤȍȘ-
șȒȐȑ ȗȖȍȏȌ șȚȖȐȚ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ǽȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȔȟȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȉțȘȐ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ș ȊȍȘȠȐȕȣ ȋȖȘȣ
ǵȈ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȍȊșȒȖȔ ȊȖȒȏȈȓȍ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ ȕȈȕȧȓ ȚȈȒșȖȔȖ-
ȚȖȘ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȋȖȕȧȓ ȠȖȜȍȘȈ ǩȣșȚȘȖ ȊȏȉȍȎȈȓ Ȗȕ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ.

ǷȖȏȊȖȕȐȓ ǪȖȚ ȖȚȊȖȘȐȓȈșȤ ȌȊȍȘȤ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȘțȒȐ,
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȗȘȐȎȈȚȤ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ǸȖȏț ǶȕȈ ȚȐȝȖ ȖȚșȚȘȈȕȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ
Ȑ Ȋșȧ ȉȓȍȌȕȈȧ ș ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ țȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȕȈ
ȋȈȏȍȚȕȣȑ ȓȐșȚ ȓȍȎȈȊȠȐȑ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȍ

149
IV
ǻdzǿǹȉȃǮǻǻȉǷ ǿǸǮǻDzǮǹ ǰ DZdzǾǺǮǻǿǸǼǺ
ǾdzǷȃǿȀǮDZdz
ǫȈȏȍȚȣ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ȗȖșȊȧȚȐȓȐ Ȟȍȓȣȍ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȣ ȏȈȗȘȖșț
șȖȞȐȈȓ-ȌȍȔȖȒȘȈȚȖȊ Ȋ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȔ ȘȍȑȝșȚȈȋȍ ȗȖȊȓȍȒȠȍȔț ȏȈ
șȖȉȖȦ ȘȈȏȖȉȓȈȟȍȕȐȧ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȍ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚ-
ȊȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȟȈșȚȕȖșȚȐ Ȍȓȧ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȍȌȖȔșȚȊȈ
ǷȍȘȊȣȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȒȘȈȚȒȐ
©Ǫ 6 ȟȈș țȚȘȈ 10 ȈȗȘȍȓȧ ȗȖ ȕȖȊȖȔț șȚȐȓȦ
 ș ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȈȊȐȈ-
ȞȐȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȔȣȑ ȈȥȘȖșȚȈȚ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȖ-
ȊȖȑ ȒȖȕșȚȘțȒȞȐȐ ȜȖȘȔȖȑ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡȐȑ șȐȋȈȘț ȉȍȏ ȕȐȎȕȍȑ ȋȖȕ-
ȌȖȓȣ ǶȒȘȍșȚȕȣȍ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣȑ ȊȖȏȌțȠ-
ȕȣȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȗȖȌȕȧȊȠȐșȤ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ȊȍȘȚȐȒȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȐ ȕȈ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȊȣșȖȚț ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ Ȉ
ȏȈȚȍȔ ș ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ ȗȖȓȍȚȍȓ Ȋ ȏȈȗȈȌȕȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȐ Ȑ ȊșȒȖȘȍ șȒȘȣȓșȧ ȏȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȖȔ».
«ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȗȖȓȋȖȌȈ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȍ ȈȊȐȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȍ ȗȖȓȍ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȍȚșȧ ȖșȖ-
ȉȍȕȕȖ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖȗțșȒ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȈȍȚșȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȜȐȞȍ-
ȘȈȔ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȌȖȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȝ ȓȐȞ ǷȖȓȍ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȖ ȚȘȖȑȕȖȑ
ȞȍȗȤȦ ȒȖȘȌȖȕȖȊ ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȍ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓȖ
ȚȈȔ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȗȖȌ șȚȘȖȎȈȑȠȐȔ șȍȒȘȍȚȖȔ».
©Ǫ ȗȍȟȈȚȤ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȓȐ șȓțȝȐ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȍȌȖȔșȚȊȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ Ȗȉȍ-
șȗȖȒȖȍȕȖ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȍȔ ȕȈ ȈȊȐȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȍ ǪȖȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘ ȐȔȍȓ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȈțȌȐȍȕȞȐȦ ț ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈª
©Ǫ ȒțȓțȈȘȈȝ ȘȍȑȝșȚȈȋȈ ȐȌȍȚ ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȖȉȔȍȕ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ ȔȍȎ-
Ȍț ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȈȘȚȐȑ ȗȖ ȗȖȊȖȌț
ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ȕȈ ȈȊȐȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖ-
ȒȈ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȣȔª
©ǺȈȑȕȈ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȈȊȐȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȧ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓȈșȤ
ǪȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȓșȧ ȒȈȒȖȔț-ȚȖ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȍȓȦ Ȑ ȗȖȘțȟȐȓ
ȍȔț ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒț ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȋȖ șțȌȕȈ ȖȉȖȠȍȌȠȍȋȖșȧ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊț Ȋ
ȌȊȈ ș ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȖȑ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȈ ȔȈȘȖȒ ǴȍșȚȖ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȐ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ

150
ȖȝȘȈȕȧȓȖșȤ Ǫ ȈȕȋȈȘ ȗȘȐȊȖȏȐȓȐșȤ ȟȈșȚȐ ȏȈȒȈȏȈȕȕȣȍ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ
ȏȈȊȖȌȈȝ ǰȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȍȓȤ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌȐȓ șȉȖȘȒȖȑ ȕȍ ȌȖȗțșȒȈȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ
ȒȘȖȔȍ ȗȘȖșȚȣȝ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓ șȈȔ
țȌȈȓȧȧ Ȋșȍȝ Ȑȏ ȈȕȋȈȘȈ ǹȍȒȘȍȚ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȧ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȍȕ Ȑ ȊȖȍȕȕȖ-
Ȕț ȔȐȕȐșȚȘț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȓșȧ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȍȓȦ ǷȘȍȌȊȈ-
ȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȉȣ ȌȈȓȐ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȍ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȣ Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐșȚțȗ-
ȓȍȕȖ Ȓ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȖȚȌȍȓȒȍ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ Ȑ Ȓ șȕȈȉȎȍ-
ȕȐȦ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȔȐ ȏȈȗȈșȈȔȐ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȋȖ
ȗȖȓȍȚȈ -ȋȖ ȈȗȘȍȓȧ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȋȖȚȖȊȖ ȕȖ țȚȘȖȔ -ȋȖ șțȌȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧ-
ȓȖșȤ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ Ȑȏ ȈȕȋȈȘȈ ȐȔȍȧ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȍȓȧ Ǫ
ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȗȧȚȐ Ȍȕȍȑ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȍȌȖȔșȚȊȖ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȓȖ
ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ ȈȊȐȈȚȖȘȈ ǪȖȏȌțȠȕȣȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ Ȑșȟȍȏ ȉȍșșȓȍȌȕȖª
ǹȖȉȣȚȐȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȣȏȊȈȓȖ ȞȍȓțȦ ȉțȘȦ Ȋ ȘȍȑȝșȚȈȋȍ ǹȖȞȐȈȓ-Ȍȍ-
ȔȖȒȘȈȚȣ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȔȣȍ ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ȗȈȘȚȐȧȔȐ ȊȕȍșȓȐ ȏȈ-
ȗȘȖș
Ǽʗˊ˅ˈ˔˕ːˑ ˎˋ ˒˓˃˅ˋ˕ˈˎ˟˔˕˅˖ǡ ˚˕ˑ ˅ˑˈːː˞ˌ ˏˋːˋ˔˕˓ ː˃
˔ˑ˄˔˕˅ˈːː˞ˌ ˓ˋ˔ˍ ˒˓ˈˇ˒˓ˋːˢˎ ˒ˑ˔˕˓ˑˌˍ˖ ˅ˑˊˇ˖˛ːˑˆˑ ˍˑ˓˃˄-
ˎˢ ː˃ ˔˓ˈˇ˔˕˅˃ ˅ˑˈːːˑˆˑ ˄ˡˇˉˈ˕˃ǡ ˅˒ˑˎːˈ ˇˑ˅ˈ˓ˋ˅˛ˋ˔˟ ˋˊˑ-
˄˓ˈ˕˃˕ˈˎˡǡ ː˃ˊ˅˃˅˛ˈˏ˖˔ˢ ʏ˓˕˖˓ˑˏ ʣˈ˓ˆˡ˔˔ˑːˑˏǡ ːˈ ˑ˄ˈ˔˒ˈ˚ˋ˅
˔ˈ˄ˢ ˇ˃ˉˈ ˒ˑˎː˞ˏ ˊː˃ˍˑˏ˔˕˅ˑˏ ˔ ˔˖˜ːˑ˔˕˟ˡ ˋˊˑ˄˓ˈ˕ˈːˋˢǡ ˋ
ˈ˔ˎˋ ˋˊ˅ˈ˔˕ːˑǡ ˕ˑ ˍ˃ˍˋˈ ˏˈ˓˞ ˒˓ˈˇ˒˓ˋːˢˎˑ ˒˓˃˅ˋ˕ˈˎ˟˔˕˅ˑ ˇˎˢ
˓˃˔˔ˎˈˇˑ˅˃ːˋˢ ˠ˕ˑˆˑ ˇˈˎ˃ ˋ ː˃ˍ˃ˊ˃ːˋˢ ˅ˋːˑ˅ː˞˘ǡ ˃ ˕˃ˍˉˈ ˇˎˢ
˅ˑˊˏˈ˜ˈːˋˢ ˇ˅˖˘ ˔ ˒ˑˎˑ˅ˋːˑˌ ˏˋˎˎˋˑːˑ˅ ˏ˃˓ˑˍǡ ˒ˑ˕˓˃˚ˈː-
ː˞˘ ˋˊ ː˃˓ˑˇː˞˘ ˔˓ˈˇ˔˕˅ ˇˎˢ ˒ˑ˔˕˓ˑˌˍˋ ˅ˑˊˇ˖˛ːˑˆˑ ˍˑ˓˃˄-
ˎˢǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˌ ˒ˑ˘ˋ˜ˈː ˔˃ˏˋˏ ˋˊˑ˄˓ˈ˕˃˕ˈˎˈˏ ˇˎˢ ːˈˋˊ˅ˈ˔˕ː˞˘
˒ˑˍ˃ǡ ːˑǡ ˅ˑˊˏˑˉːˑǡ ˋ ˒˓ˈ˔˕˖˒ː˞˘ ˙ˈˎˈˌǫǽ
ǶȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ȒțȓțȈȘȈȝ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ǨȘȚțȘ ǼȍȘ-
ȋȦșșȖȕ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȖȌȕȖȒȘȈȚȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȔ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȖȔ Ȑ ȌȍȔȖȕș-
ȚȘȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȔȖȌȍȓȐ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ
ǹȚȈȓȖ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ șȈȔȣȑ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȖȉȣșȒ ȕȍ
ȌȈȓ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȖȊ ǼȍȘȋȦșșȖȕ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓ ș șȖȉȖȦ Ȋșȍ
ȟȍȘȚȍȎȐ Ȑ ȔȖȌȍȓȐ ǵȍȔȍȞȒȐȍ Ȑ ȏȈȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȣȍ ȦȔȖȘȐșȚȐȟȍ-
șȒȐȍ ȎțȘȕȈȓȣ ȗȍȟȈȚȈȓȐ ȏȓȣȍ ȒȈȘȐȒȈȚțȘȣ ȕȈ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȈ Ȑ
ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȘȈȏȘȈȏȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȈȧ ȋȘȖȏȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȈȕȋȓȐȑ-

151
șȒȐȝ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȖșȤ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ǨȘȚțȘȈ ǼȍȘȋȦșșȖȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ
șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȕȖ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔț ȔȐȘț ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȖȔ
ʞ˓ˋːˑ˛˖ ˔˅ˑˡ ˋ˔ˍ˓ˈːːˡˡ ˄ˎ˃ˆˑˇ˃˓ːˑ˔˕˟ ˆˈ˓ˏ˃ː˔ˍˑˏ˖
ˋˏ˒ˈ˓˃˕ˑ˓˖ ˋ ˈˆˑ ˅ˑˈːːˑˏ˖ ˏˋːˋ˔˕˓˖Ǥ ʝːˋ ˎˡ˄ˈˊːˑ ˒˓ˈˇˑ-
˔˕˃˅ˋˎˋ ˅ ˏˑˈ ˓˃˔˒ˑ˓ˢˉˈːˋˈ ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˋˈ ˇˈːˈˉː˞ˈ ˔˓ˈˇ˔˕˅˃ǡ
˓˃˄ˑ˚ˋ˘ ˋ ˒ˑˎːˑˈ ˔ˑ˘˓˃ːˈːˋˈ ˕˃ˌː˞ ˏˑˈˆˑ ˋˊˑ˄˓ˈ˕ˈːˋˢǡ ˍˑ-
˕ˑ˓˖ˡ ˢ ːˈ ˔˚ˈˎ ˅ˑˊˏˑˉː˞ˏ ˔ˑˑ˄˜ˋ˕˟ ˈˆˑ ˅ˈˎˋ˚ˈ˔˕˅˖Ǥ ʙˑ-
˓˃˄ˎ˟ ˏˑˌ ˑ˕ˇˈˎ˃ː ˓ˑ˔ˍˑ˛ːˑǡ ˔ˑ ˅˔ˈˏˋ ˖ˇˑ˄˔˕˅˃ˏˋǤ ʑ ˍˎ˃ˇˑ-
˅˞˘ ˋˏˈˈ˕˔ˢ ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˑˌ ˊ˃˒˃˔ ˍˑː˔ˈ˓˅ˑ˅ ˋ ˅ˋː ˅˞˔ˑˍˑˌ ˏ˃˓ˍˋǤ
ʑ ˘ˑˎˑˇˋˎ˟ːˋˍˈ ˋ˔ˍ˖˔˔˕˅ˈːːˑ ˊ˃ˏˑ˓ˑˉˈːːˑˈ ˏˢ˔ˑǤ ʠˍˑ˓ˑ˔˕˟
˔˖ˇː˃ ˑ˒˓ˈˇˈˎˋˎ˃˔˟ — ˔˓ˈˇːˢˢ ˅ ʹͲͲ ˍˋˎˑˏˈ˕˓ˑ˅ǡ ˃ ˒˓ˈˇˈˎ˟-
ː˃ˢ ˅ ͷʹͲ ˍˋˎˑˏˈ˕˓ˑ˅ ˅ ˚˃˔Ǥ ʜ˃ ˇːˢ˘ǡ ˑ˔˕˃ːˑ˅ˋ˅˛ˋ˔˟ ːˈ˒ˑˇ-
˅ˋˉːˑ ː˃ ˅˞˔ˑ˕ˈ ͳͲͲͲ ˏˈ˕˓ˑ˅ ː˃ˇ ʞ˃ˏˋ˓˔ˍˋˏ ˒ˎˑ˔ˍˑˆˑ˓˟ˈˏǡ
ˢǡ ˅ˏˈ˔˕ˈ ˔ ˏˑˋˏˋ ˇ˓˖ˊ˟ˢˏˋǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞˘ ː˃˛ˈˎ ː˖ˉː˞ˏ ˒˓ˋ-
ːˢ˕˟ ː˃ ˄ˑ˓˕ Ǽʓ˓˃ˍˑː˃ǽǡ ˖˔˕˓ˑˋˎˋ ˕ˑ˓ˉˈ˔˕˅ˈːː˞ˌ ˊ˃˅˕˓˃ˍ ˋǡ
˒ˑˇːˢ˅ ˄ˑˍ˃ˎ˞ǡ ˕˓ˑˈˍ˓˃˕ːˑ ˒˓ˑˍ˓ˋ˚˃ˎˋ «HochǨǽ ˅ ˚ˈ˔˕˟ ˆˈ˓-
ˏ˃ː˔ˍˑˆˑ ˋˏ˒ˈ˓˃˕ˑ˓˃Ǥ ʓˑ ˔˅ˋˇ˃ː˟ˢǤ ʚˡˇˋ ˊˈˏˎˋǡ ˅˞ ˈ˜ˈ ˑ˄ˑ
ˏːˈ ˖˔ˎ˞˛ˋ˕ˈǨ
ʏ˓˕˖˓ ʣˈ˓ˆˡ˔˔ˑːǤ
ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȏȈșȍȌȈȕȐȍ ȘȍȑȝșȚȈȋȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȉțȘȕȖ
ǪȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ ǼȍȘȋȦșșȖȕ
ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȖȗȣȚȈȔȐ ș ȔȖȌȍȓȧȔȐ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȗȖ-
ȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ǷȖ ȊȖȓȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȍ-
ȚȈȚȍȓȧ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȓȐȠȤ ȓȍȋȒȖȔț ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚț ȘȣȟȈȋȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ
ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȣ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȚȍȘȧȓȐ șȊȖȑ Ȋȍș Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ
ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȖȚȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȍȔȣȍ ȖȚ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ
șȐȓȖȑ ǼȍȘȋȦșșȖȕ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȓ Ȑ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȓț-
ȎȐȚ ȕȍȐșȚȖȡȐȔȣȔ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȖȔ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȐ ǶȚ-
ȒȘȣȚȤ șȍȒȘȍȚ Ȗȕ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȕȖ țȉȍȌȐȓ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȈ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖ Ȋȣ-
șȖȒȖȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȖșȚȐ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȑ
ȐȔȗȍȘȐȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȐ ȗȖșȓțȎȐȚȤ Ȍȓȧ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȖȉȓȈ-
ȌȈȕȐȧ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ ǴȐȕȐșȚȘ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȏȈ-
ȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȘȍȟȤ ©ȇ ȖȉȔȈȕțȚ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ ȕȍșȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖ ȧ ȊȐȕȖ-

Ȋȍȕ Ȋ ȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȖșȚȐ ȕȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌȐȓȈ ȓȐȠȤ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȓ
ȘȖȌȐȕȍ Ȑ ȏȈȉȖȚȈ Ȗ ȍȍ șȓȈȊȍ Ȑ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍª
Ǫ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ țȋȘȖȎȈȦȡȐȍ ȒȘȐȒȐ șȊȐșȚȒȐ Ǭȍ-
ȗțȚȈȚȣ șȚțȟȈȓȐ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘ-
șȒȖȑ ȓȖȎȍ șȖ șȎȈȚȣȔȐ ȒțȓȈȒȈȔȐ DzȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȑ
ȒȕȐȋȖȑ țȌȈȘȐȊȠȍȑ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȈ ȗȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ Ȑ șȊȈȓȐȊȠȍȑ ȍȋȖ ș
ȕȖȋ ǶȘȈȚȖȘȈȔ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȚȐ ȘȍȟȐ Ȑ ȏȈșȍȌȈȕȐȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȖ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȋȖ ȠțȔȈ ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ
ȊȖȓȍȦ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ ȘȍȑȝșȚȈȋ ȉȣȓ ȘȈșȗțȡȍȕ
— ȅȚȖ Ȗȕ — șȒȈȏȈȓ DzȖȕȌȘȈȚȐȑ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȊ
ȋȈȏȍȚț. — ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ"
ǸȖȏȈ ȊȏȧȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȗȖȎȈȓȈ
— Ǻȣ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȠȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊșȍȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȖȔ ȏȈ șȊȖȦ ȊȐ-
ȕț ǷȖșȚȘȖȑ șȊȖȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ Ȑ ȉțȌȍȔ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȉȖȘȖȚȤșȧ ȌȖ ȗȖș-
ȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȒȈȗȓȐ ȒȘȖȊȐ ș ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȔ ȗȐȘȈȚȖȔ
ǺȈȒ ȕȈȟȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȑ Ȋȍ-
ȓȐȒȈȧ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ ȔȍȎȌț ǶșȒȈȘȖȔ ǬȈȑȉȕȖȔ Ȑ DzȖȕȌȘȈȚȐȍȔ ǵȍ-
ȊȍșȍȓȣȔ

153
V
ǰǼǵDzȁȆǻȉǷ ǽǶǾǮȀ
DzȈȗȐȚȈȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȌȧȌȧ ǸȖȏȣ Ȋ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧ-
ȎȍȕȐȍ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȖȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ șȘȍȌșȚȊ
ȏȈȚȘȈȟȍȕȕȣȝ ǶșȒȈȘȖȔ ǬȈȑȉȕȖȔ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒț ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȋȖ
ȌȘȍȌȕȖțȚȈ ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕª
ȅȚȖȚ ȋȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȔȖȠȍȕȕȐȒ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȍ ȗȘȈ-
ȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȐșȚȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ șțȔȔț Ȋ 2 ș ȗȖȓȖ-
ȊȐȕȖȑ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȈ ȔȈȘȖȒ ȕȖ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓșȧ ȖȝȘȈȕȖȑ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ
ȒȖȘȌȖȕȖȊ țȌȖȉȕȣȔ ȔȍșȚȖȔ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȐ Ȑ ȌȈȘȖȊȣȔ ȚȘțȌȖȔ
șȖȓȌȈȚ
Ǩ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȖȔț ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ ȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ Ȋ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȠȈȘȈ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȕȍȗȘȐșȚțȗȕȖȑ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ
țșȚȘȖȐȚȤ ȥȓȓȐȕȋ Ȍȓȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȋȖ șțȌȕȈ
ǭȡȍ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞȍ Ȗȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ǸȖȏȍ ȟȚȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȍșȚȤ ȗȓȈȕ Ȓ
șȟȈșȚȤȦ ȕȍ țȒȘȈȌȍȕȕȣȑ ǬȈȑȉȕȖȔ — ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȝȘȈȕȐȚ șȍȒȘȍȚ
ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȐ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ ȗȘȐ șȖȝȘȈȕȍȕȐȐ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȚȈȑȕȣ
ǸȖȏȈ ȊȍȘȐȓȈ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ
— Ǩ ȗȖȒȈ ȧ ȏȈȒȈȎț ȕȈ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȏȈȊȖȌȈȝ
ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȟȈșȚȐ ǷȖȚȖȔ șȖȉȍȘț ȊȍșȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗțȕȒȚȍ ǵȈȑȔț ȐȓȐ ȒțȗȓȦ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȊȍșȤ
ȥȒȐȗȈȎ ȉțȌȍȚ șȖșȚȖȧȚȤ Ȑȏ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ǻȣ ȊȍȌȤ Ȑȝ
ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ǸȖȏȈ ǰ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȔșȧ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕț ȋȌȍ ȕȈȔ ȕȐ-
ȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȍȚ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȧȊȐȚ ȋȓțȗȖȋȖ ȕȈȏȖȑȓȐȊȖȋȖ
ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȈ ǰ Ȕȣ ǸȖȏȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȈȧ ȔȖȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȔȖȧ Ȕȣ
ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȐȔ ȔȍȟȚț ȕȈȠ ©ǹȖȒȖȓª ȊȏȖȊȤȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȉȍșȈ ȟȚȖȉ
ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȤ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ țȌȈȘȖȔ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȊȖȏ-
ȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ — ȥȚȖȚ ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕª ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȣȔ Ȑ
ȒȐȟȓȐȊȣȔ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȤȞȍȔ
ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ ȊȣȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȚȐȗ ȊȖȏȌțȠ-
ȕȖȋȖ șțȌȕȈ ȕȍȗȖȝȖȎȐȑ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȖȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȏȈȔȣșȍȓ Ȗșțȡȍ-
șȚȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ǶșȒȈȘȖȔ ǬȈȑȉȕȖȔ
— ȇ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȊȖȏȌțȠ-
ȕȖȋȖ șțȌȕȈ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȧ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȐȚȤ ȔȐȘ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ
ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȐȚȤ șȊȍȚȓțȦ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕțȦ ȔȍȟȚț șȟȈșȚȤȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈȘȖȌȖȊ.

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ǰȕȈȧ ȏȈȌȈȟȈ șȚȖȐȚ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȇ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȖȘȖȚȤșȧ ȉȐȚȤ-
șȧ ȕȈșȔȍȘȚȤ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚȤ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȞȍȕȖȦ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ȇ ȗȖșȚȘȖȦ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕțȦ ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȒț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȉțȌȍȚ șȕȈȉȎȍȕȈ
ȈȌșȒȐȔȐ ȖȘțȌȐȧȔȐ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȐȧ ȇ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕț ȗȘȍȌȍȓȤȕȖȑ șȒȖ-
ȘȖșȚȐ ǴȖȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȍȊȍȓȐȒ ȕȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȉțȌțȚ ȉȐȚȤșȧ
ȎȈȎȌȖȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ Ȑ ȗȖȉȍȌȣ ȕȈȌ ȏȓȖȔ ȕȈȠȐ ș ȚȖȉȖȦ șȍȘȌȞȈ
ǸȖȏȈ ǰ ©ǹȖȒȖȓª ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚ ǵȍ Ȋșȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ ȥȚȖȚ
ȊȖȘ ȥȚȖȚ șȓȍȗȖȑ ȗȖȌȘȈȎȈȚȍȓȤ ȓȐȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȒȖȑ Ȕȣș-
ȓȐ Ǫșȍ șȐȓȣ ȍȋȖ țȔȈ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȣ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȔȖȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȍ Ȍȓȧ ȋȕțșȕȣȝ Ȟȍȓȍȑ Ȉ ȔȖȑ ȔȖȏȋ ȚȘȍ-
ȗȍȡȍȚ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȐ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȕȈțȟȕȣȝ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȐȑ
ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ Ȑ ǸȖȏȈ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓȍȌȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȔ —
ȕȍ ȗȖȧȊȐȚșȧ ȓȐ ȋȌȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȍ Ȗ ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕȍª Ȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ
ǶșȒȈȘȈ ǬȈȑȉȕȈ șȚȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ
ȊȓȈȌȣȒȖȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ
ǵȖ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȔȍșȧȞ Ȑ ȌȊȈ Ȑ ȚȘȐ — ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ șȚȈȓ ȗȖȓț-
ȟȈȚȤ ȐȏȊȍȡȍȕȐȧ Ȗȉ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȈȒȈȏȈȝ ȕȈ ȏȈȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȣȝ
ȏȈȊȖȌȈȝ Ȉ ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ șȓȖȊȕȖ șȋȐȕțȓ Ȑ ȕȐȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȓ
șȊȖȍȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ
ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȊȍșȤ ȖȚȌȈȓșȧ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ Ȓ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȍ ©ǹȖȒȖȓȈª
Ƕȕ Ȑ ǸȖȏȈ ȏȈȉȣȓȐ Ȗ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȔ ȊȘȈȋȍ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ șȖȉȐ-
ȘȈȓȐșȤ ȊșȚțȗȐȚȤ Ȋ ȉȖȑ Ȑ ȊșȍȔȐ Ȑȝ ȟțȊșȚȊȈȔȐ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȈ ȖȌȕȈ
ȔȣșȓȤ — șȒȖȘȍȍ ȐȔȍȚȤ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȥȚȖ ȟțȌȖ ȚȍȝȕȐȒȐ Ȑ șȔȍȓȣȔ
ȗȖȓȍȚȖȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȣȍ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȍ ȊȣșȖȚȣ ȗȈȘȧ
ȕȈȌ ȉȍȌȕȖȦ ȏȍȔȓȍȦ ȋȌȍ ȗȘȍșȔȣȒȈȦȚșȧ ȘȈȉȣ ȋȌȍ ȓȤȦȚșȧ
ȒȘȖȊȤ Ȑ șȓȍȏȣ Ȑ ȘȈșșȓȈȉȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȣȘȖȎȌȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ȉȖȋȈȟ ȌȍȘ-
ȎȐȚ Ȋ Ȟȍȗȧȝ ȔȖȋțȟȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȧ ȞȍȕȕȖșȚȍȑ
— ǴȐȓȣȑ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ǸȖȏȈ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȖȔț, — ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ
Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț" ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȤ șȍȉȍ ȥȚȖȚ ǬȈȑȉȕ ȏȈȊȓȈ-
ȌȍȊ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȔ ȗȘȖșȚȖ-ȚȈȒȐ ȕȍ șțȔȍȓ ș ȕȐȔ șȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȓȐ-
ȉȖ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȓȐȉȖ ȗȖȋȐȉ Ȑ ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕª ȓȍȎȐȚ
ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ
— Ǻȣ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȖȗȚȐȔȐșȚȒȈ Ȉ ȧ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȎȌț ȘȖȒȖ-
ȊȖȋȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȧ ȇ șȓȣȠț ȟȍȑ-ȚȖ ȋȖȓȖș ȕȍȔȖȓȟȕȖ ȕȈȠȍȗȚȣ-
ȊȈȦȡȐȑ Ȕȕȍ ©ǹȒȖȘȖ șȒȖȘȖ țȏȕȈȍȠȤ Țȣ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȕȍȐșȟȐșȓȐ-
Ȕȣȍ ȉȍȌșȚȊȐȧ ȗȖșȓȍȌțȦȚ ȖȚ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȚȊȖȍ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȍ-
ȚȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȗȈȓȖ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȈª

155
ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȈȊ Ǫ ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒȍ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟȕȖ ȏȈȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȈȓ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕȣȑ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ Ȑ ȗȖ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȔț ȒȈȉȍȓȦ ȗȖ-
ȓȍȚȍȓȖ Ȋ ǭȊȘȖȗț ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȍ Ȗ șȖȉȣȚȐȧȝ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȣȝ ȗȖȟȚȐ
ȒȖȠȔȈȘȕȣȝ
ʜʫʭ-ʘʝʟʙǤ — ʑ ͳͳ ˚˃˔ˑ˅ ˖˕˓˃ ː˃ˇ ˆˑ˓ˑˇˑˏ ˒ˑˢ˅ˋˎ˔ˢ ˖˒-
˓˃˅ˎˢˈˏ˞ˌ ˃ˠ˓ˑ˔˕˃˕ ˔ˋˆ˃˓ˑˑ˄˓˃ˊːˑˌ ˗ˑ˓ˏ˞Ǥ ʠ˃ˏ˞ˈ ˕˜˃˕ˈˎ˟-
ː˞ˈ ː˃˄ˎˡˇˈːˋˢ ˅ ˒ˑˇˊˑ˓ː˞ˈ ˕˓˖˄˞ ːˈ ˑ˄ː˃˓˖ˉˋˎˋ ˅ ːˈˏ
ːˋˉːˈˌ ˆˑːˇˑˎ˞ǡ ˒˓ˑ˒ˈˎˎˈ˓˃ ˋ ˓˖ˎˢǤ ʝ˄ˑˎˑ˚ˍ˃ ˃ˠ˓ˑ˔˕˃˕˃ǡ
˒ˑ-˅ˋˇˋˏˑˏ˖ǡ ˏˈ˕˃ˎˎˋ˚ˈ˔ˍ˃ˢǤ ʝː ˒˓ˑˋˊ˅ˈˎ ˅ˈ˔˟ˏ˃ ˔ˎˑˉː˞ˈ
ˠ˅ˑˎˡ˙ˋˋ ː˃ ˅˞˔ˑ˕ˈ ːˈ ˏˈːˈˈ ͳͲͲͲ ˏˈ˕˓ˑ˅ǡ ˒ˑ˓˃ˉ˃ˢ ˊ˓ˋ˕ˈ-
ˎˈˌ ˒ˎ˃˅ːˑ˔˕˟ˡ ˋ ˖˅ˈ˓ˈːːˑ˔˕˟ˡ ˇ˅ˋˉˈːˋˌǤ ʑ ʹ ˚˃˔˃ ˇːˢ ˕˃ˋː-
˔˕˅ˈːː˞ˌ ˅ˑˊˇ˖˛ː˞ˌ ˍˑ˓˃˄ˎ˟ ˔ˍ˓˞ˎ˔ˢǡ ˅ˊˢ˅ ː˃˒˓˃˅ˎˈːˋˈ
ː˃ ˡˆˑ-˅ˑ˔˕ˑˍǤ
ʑ ˒ˑˎːˑ˚˟ ˅ ˆˑ˓ˑˇˈ ˓˃ˊˇ˃ˎ˔ˢ ˔˕˓˃˛ːˑˌ ˔ˋˎ˞ ˅ˊ˓˞˅ǡ ˒ˑ-
ˍˑˎˈ˄˃˅˛ˋˌ ˒ˑ˚˅˖ǡ ˍ˃ˍ ˒˓ˋ ˊˈˏˎˈ˕˓ˢ˔ˈːˋˋǤ ʚˡˇˋǡ ː˃˘ˑˇˋ˅-
˛ˋˈ˔ˢ ːˈˇ˃ˎˈˍˑ ˑ˕ ˏˈ˔˕˃ ˍ˃˕˃˔˕˓ˑ˗˞ǡ ˖˅ˈ˓ˢˡ˕ǡ ˚˕ˑ ˅ˊ˓˞˅ˑ˅
˄˞ˎˑ ːˈ˔ˍˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˋ ˑːˋ ˚ˈ˓ˈˇˑ˅˃ˎˋ˔˟ ˚ˈ˓ˈˊ ˍˑ˓ˑ˕ˍˋˈ ˒˓ˑˏˈ-
ˉ˖˕ˍˋ ˅˓ˈˏˈːˋǡ ˒ˑ˚ˈˏ˖ ː˃ ˄ˑˎˈˈ ˇ˃ˎˈˍˑˏ ˓˃˔˔˕ˑˢːˋˋ ˒ˑˎ˖-
˚˃ˎˑ˔˟ ˅˒ˈ˚˃˕ˎˈːˋˈ ˔˒ˎˑ˛ːˑˆˑ ˆ˖ˎ˃ ˋ ˆ˓ˑ˘ˑ˕˃Ǥ ʟ˃ˊ˓˖˛ˈː ˇˑ
ˑ˔ːˑ˅˃ːˋˢ ͵͹-ˏˋ ˠ˕˃ˉː˞ˌ ːˈ˄ˑ˔ˍ˓ˈ˄ǡ ːˈˇ˃˅ːˑ ˎˋ˛˟ ˑˍˑː-
˚ˈːː˞ˌ ˒ˑ˔˕˓ˑˌˍˑˌǡ ːˑ ˖ˉˈ ˊ˃˔ˈˎˈːː˞ˌ ˔˅ˈ˓˘˖ ˇˑːˋˊ˖Ǥ ʓˑˏ
ˠ˕ˑ˕ ˒ˑˏˈ˜˃ˎ˔ˢ ˓ˢˇˑˏ ˔ˑ ˊˇ˃ːˋˈˏǡ ˒˓ˋː˃ˇˎˈˉ˃˜ˋˏ Ǽʑ˔ˈˏˋ˓-
ːˑˏ˖ ˄˃ːˍ˖ǽǤ ʙˑˆˇ˃ ː˃ ˏˈ˔˕ˑ ˍ˃˕˃˔˕˓ˑ˗˞ ˔˄ˈˉ˃ˎˋ˔˟ ˒ˑˎˋ˙ˋˢ
ˋ ˎˡ˄ˑ˒˞˕ː˞ˈǡ ˋ˘ ˆˎ˃ˊ˃ˏ ˒˓ˈˇ˔˕˃˅ˋˎ˃˔˟ ˆ˓˖ˇ˃ ˏˈˎˍˋ˘ ˑ˄-
ˎˑˏˍˑ˅ǡ ˖˔˕ˋˎ˃˅˛ˋ˘ ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˑˈ ˒˓ˑ˔˕˓˃ː˔˕˅ˑǡ ˢ˅ˋ˅˛ˈˈ˔ˢ ˍ˃ˍ
˄˞ ːˑ˅ˑˌ ˒ˎˑ˜˃ˇ˟ˡ ˑˍˑˎˑ ˊˇ˃ːˋˢ ˄˃ːˍ˃Ǥ ʑ˔ˍˑ˓ˈ ˒˓ˋ˔˖˕˔˕-
˅˖ˡ˜ˋˏˋ ˄˞ˎ˃ ˊ˃ˏˈ˚ˈː˃ ˑˆ˓ˑˏː˃ˢ ˚ˈ˓ː˃ˢ ˏ˃˔˔˃ǡ ˑ˒˖˔ˍ˃˅˛˃ˢ-
˔ˢ ˔ ˅˞˔ˑ˕˞ǡ ˇˈ˓ˉ˃˔˟ ˅˄ˎˋˊˋ ˄˃ːˍˑ˅˔ˍˑˆˑ ˊˇ˃ːˋˢǤ ʑ ˠ˕ˑˌ ˏ˃˔˔ˈ
ˎˈˆˍˑ ˄˞ˎˑ ˖ˊː˃˕˟ ˅ˑˊˇ˖˛ː˞ˌ ˍˑ˓˃˄ˎ˟ǡ ˅ˋˇˈːː˞ˌ ˇːˈˏ ˉˋ-
˕ˈˎˢˏˋ ʜ˟ˡ-ʘˑ˓ˍ˃Ǥ
ʏˠ˓ˑ˔˕˃˕ ˑ˔˕˃ːˑ˅ˋˎ˔ˢ ː˃ ˅˞˔ˑ˕ˈ ˚ˈ˕˅ˈ˓˕ˑˆˑ ˠ˕˃ˉ˃ ˇˑˏ˃
Ǽʑ˔ˈˏˋ˓ːˑˆˑ ˄˃ːˍ˃ǽǡ ˒˓ˋ˄ˎˋˊˋ˅˛ˋ˔˟ ˅˒ˎˑ˕ː˖ˡ ˍ ˔˕ˈːˈǤ ʡˑ˕˚˃˔
˓˃ˊˇ˃ˎˋ˔˟ ːˈ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˋˈ ˅ˊ˓˞˅˞ ˋ ˔˅ˈ˓˘˖ ˒ˑ˔˞˒˃ˎˋ˔˟ ˍ˃ˏːˋǡ
ˊ˃˔˅ˈ˓ˍ˃ˎˋ ˑˆːˋǡ ːˈˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˈ ˊ˓ˋ˕ˈˎˋ ˓˃ˊˎˋ˚˃ˎˋ ˕ˈˏː˞ˈ ˔ˋ-
ˎ˖ˠ˕˞ ˎˡˇˈˌǡ ˒ˈ˓ˈ˘ˑˇˋ˅˛ˋ˘ ˔ ˅ˑˊˇ˖˛ːˑˆˑ ˍˑ˓˃˄ˎˢ ˅ ˒˓ˑˎˑˏ
˔˕ˈː˞Ǥ ʜˈˑˉˋˇ˃ːːˑ˔˕˟ ˖ˉ˃˔ː˞˘ ˔ˑ˄˞˕ˋˌ ˠ˕ˑˌ ːˑ˚ˋ ˍ˃ˍ ˄˖ˇ-

156
˕ˑ ˔ˍˑ˅˃ˎ˃ ˅ˑˎˡ ˎˡˇˈˌǣ ːˋˍ˕ˑ ːˈ ˄˓ˑ˔ˋˎ˔ˢ ː˃ ˒ˑˏˑ˜˟ ˅ ˊˇ˃-
ːˋˈ ˄˃ːˍ˃ǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓ˑˈ ˢ˅ːˑ ˒ˑˇ˅ˈ˓ˆ˃ˎˑ˔˟ ˑˆ˓˃˄ˎˈːˋˡǤ ʞ˓ˈ˔˕˖˒-
ːˋˍˋ ˒ˑ˚˕ˋ ˄ˈˊ ˅˔ˢˍˑˆˑ ˔ˑ˒˓ˑ˕ˋ˅ˎˈːˋˢǡ ˈ˔ˎˋ ːˈ ˔˚ˋ˕˃˕˟ ːˈ˔-
ˍˑˎ˟ˍˋ˘ ˖˄ˋ˕˞˘ ˔˕ˑ˓ˑˉˈˌǡ ˘ˑˊˢˌːˋ˚˃ˎˋ ˑˍˑˎˑ ˚˃˔˃ ˅ ˍˎ˃ˇˑ-
˅˞˘ ˄˃ːˍ˃Ǥ ʞˑˎˋ˙ˋˢǡ ˅ˏˈ˔˕ˈ ˔ˑ ˏːˑˆˋˏˋ ˒˓ˋ˔˖˕˔˕˅˖ˡ˜ˋˏˋǡ
˒ˑ˒˓ˑ˄ˑ˅˃ˎ˃ ˑ˄˔˕˓ˈˎˋ˅˃˕˟ ˃ˠ˓ˑ˔˕˃˕ ˊ˃ˎ˒˃ˏˋ ˋˊ ˓ˈ˅ˑˎ˟˅ˈ˓ˑ˅ǡ
ːˑǡ ˒ˑ-˅ˋˇˋˏˑˏ˖ǡ ˔ˑ˅ˈ˓˛ˈːːˑ ˄ˈˊ ˓ˈˊ˖ˎ˟˕˃˕˃Ǥ ʞˑˍˑː˚ˋ˅ ˑˆ-
˓˃˄ˎˈːˋˈ ˄˃ːˍ˃ǡ ˅ˑˊˇ˖˛ː˞ˌ ˍˑ˓˃˄ˎ˟ ˒ˑˇːˢˎ˔ˢ ˅ːˑ˅˟ ː˃ ˊː˃-
˚ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ː˖ˡ ˅˞˔ˑ˕˖ǡ ˆˇˈ ˑ˔˅ˈ˕ˋˎ˔ˢ ˓˃ˊːˑ˙˅ˈ˕ː˞ˏˋ ˑˆːˢˏˋ ˋ
˔˕˃ˎ ˒ˑ˘ˑˇˋ˕˟ ː˃ ˚˖ˇˑ˅ˋ˜ːˑˌ ˅ˈˎˋ˚ˋː˞ ˄ˑˎˋˇǤ ʞ˓ˋ ˔˅ˈ˕ˈ
ˠˎˈˍ˕˓ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˑˆˑ ˒˓ˑˉˈˍ˕ˑ˓˃ǡ ˄˓ˑ˔˃˅˛ˈˆˑ ˎ˖˚ˋ ˅ ˅ˋˇˈ ˘˅ˑ˔˕˃
ˍˑˏˈ˕˞ǡ ˏˑˉːˑ ˄˞ˎˑ ˢ˔ːˑ ˓˃ˊˎˋ˚ˋ˕˟ ˑˆ˓ˑˏː˞ˌ ˚ˈ˓ː˞ˌ ˗ˎ˃ˆ ˔
ˋˊˑ˄˓˃ˉˈːː˞ˏˋ ː˃ ːˈˏ ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈ˚ˈ˔ˍˋˏ ˚ˈ˓ˈ˒ˑˏ ˋ ˇ˅˖ˏˢ ˒ˈ-
˓ˈˍ˓ˈ˜ˈːː˞ˏˋ ˍˑ˔˕ˢˏˋ ˅ːˋˊ˖Ǥ ʑ ˕ˑ˕ ˉˈ ˏˑˏˈː˕ ˒ˑ˕˓ˢ˔ ˅ˑˊ-
ˇ˖˘ ˑˆˎ˖˛ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ː˞ˌ ˔˃ˎˡ˕ ˋˊ ˑ˓˖ˇˋˌ ˅ˑˊˇ˖˛ːˑˆˑ ˍˑ˓˃˄ˎˢǤ
ʗˊ ːˈˆˑ ˅˞ˎˈ˕˃ˎˋ ˑˆːˈːː˞ˈ ˛˃˓˞ǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˈǡ ˓˃ˊ˓˞˅˃ˢ˔˟ ˅
˅ˑˊˇ˖˘ˈǡ ˒˓ˈ˅˓˃˜˃ˎˋ˔˟ ˅ ˒˖˚ˍˋ ˢ˓ˍˑ-˔˅ˈ˓ˍ˃ˡ˜ˋ˘ ˏˑˎːˋˌǤ ʞˑ-
˔ˎˈ ˠ˕ˑˌ ˅˞ˊ˞˅˃ˡ˜ˈˌ ˇˈˏˑː˔˕˓˃˙ˋˋ ˅ˑˊˇ˖˛ːˑˆˑ ˒ˋ˓˃˕˔ˍˑ-
ˆˑ ˔˖ˇː˃ ˑˆːˋ ː˃ ːˈˏ ˒ˑˆ˃˔ˎˋǡ ˋ ˑːˑ ˔ˍ˓˞ˎˑ˔˟ ˅ˑ ˏ˓˃ˍˈ ˄ˈˊ-
ˎ˖ːːˑˌ ːˑ˚ˋǤ ʗˊ ˍˎ˃ˇˑ˅˞˘ Ǽʑ˔ˈˏˋ˓ːˑˆˑ ˄˃ːˍ˃ǽ ˒ˑ˘ˋ˜ˈːˑ
ͶͷͲ ˏˋˎˎˋˑːˑ˅ ˇˑˎˎ˃˓ˑ˅ ˊˑˎˑ˕ˑˏ ˋ ˄˖ˏ˃ˉː˞ˏˋ ˇˈː˟ˆ˃ˏˋǡ ˋ
͵ ˔ ˒ˑˎˑ˅ˋːˑˌ ˏˋˎˎˋ˃˓ˇ˃ ˒˓ˑ˙ˈː˕ː˞˘ ˄˖ˏ˃ˆ ˓˃ˊː˞˘ ˔˕˓˃ːǡ
˃ˍ˙ˋˌ ˋ ˑ˄ˎˋˆ˃˙ˋˌǤ
ʞ˓ˈˇ˅˃˓ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑˈ ˓˃ˊ˓˖˛ˈːˋˈ ːˈ˄ˑ˔ˍ˓ˈ˄˃ǡ ˅ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓ˑˏ ˒ˑ-
ˆˋ˄ˎˑ ʹͲ ˕˞˔ˢ˚ ˎˡˇˈˌǡ ˈˆˑ ː˃˔ˈˎˢˡ˜ˋ˘ǡ ˏˑˉˈ˕ ˄˞˕˟ ˑ˄˝ˢ˔-
ːˈːˑ ˎˋ˛˟ ˉˈˎ˃ːˋˈˏ ˑ˚ˋ˔˕ˋ˕˟ ˏˈ˔˕ˑ ˇˎˢ ˔˅ˑ˄ˑˇːˑˆˑ ˔˒˖˔ˍ˃
ˍ ˊˇ˃ːˋˡ ˄˃ːˍ˃ǡ ˍ˓˖ˆˑˏ ˔˕ˈ˔ːˈːːˑˆˑ ˇ˓˖ˆˋˏˋ ˇˑˏ˃ˏˋǤ
ǺȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȈ ȥȚȈ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȈ ȊșȦ ǭȊȘȖȗț ȟȚȖ ȋȈ-
ȏȍȚȣ ȘȍȠȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖȔȍșȚȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȗȘȖ-
șȈ Ȋ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȖȍ ȉȦȘȖ ȒȖȘȘȍșȗȖȕȌȍȕȞȐȑ ǷȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ
ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȝ ȌȍȘȎȈȊ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ Ȑȝ ȜȐȕȈȕșȖȊȣȍ ȊȍȌȖȔșȚȊȈ
ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȟȈșȚȕȣȍ ȉȈȕȒȐ Ȋșȧ ȌȍȕȍȎȕȈȧ ȉțȘȎțȈ-
ȏȐȧ ȉȣȓȐ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȣ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȍȔ ȗȘȐȓȍȚȍȊȠȐȔ
Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ǷȖȊșȦȌț ȝȘȈȕȐȓȐȡȈ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȣ
ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȖȚȘȧȌȈȔȐ ȊȖȑșȒ ǵȈ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȐȝ ȗȓȖȡȈ-
Ȍȧȝ Ȑ țȓȐȞȈȝ Ȋ ȊȍȘȝȕȐȝ ȥȚȈȎȈȝ ȌȖȔȖȊ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈ ȒȘȣȠȈȝ Ȑȝ

ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȈ ȈȘȚȐȓȓȍȘȐȧ ȋȖȚȖȊȈȧ ȐȏȘȣȋȕțȚȤ ȖȋȖȕȤ Ȑ
șȔȍȘȚȤ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ǹȗȍȠȕȖ șȖȏȊȈȕ ȉȣȓ ȔȍȎ-
ȌțȕȈȘȖȌȕȣȑ șȖȊȍȚ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐ țȟȈșȚȐȍ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȐș-
Țȣ-ȊȖȍȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȐ ȕȈțȒȐ ǺȈȑȕȖȑ ȗȖȓȐ-
ȞȐȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȐșȈȕȖ șȓȍȌȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȓȐȟȕȖ-
șȚȧȔȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȚȤ ȏȍȔȕȣȝ Ȉȋȍȕ-
ȚȖȊ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ȗȐȘȈȚȈ

158
VI
ǻǮ ǯǼǾȀȁ ©DzǾǮǸǼǻǮª
ǬȐȘȐȎȈȉȓȐ Ȑ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȣ ȉȍșȗȘȍșȚȈȕȕȖ ȕȍșȓȐ șȚȖȘȖȎȍ-
ȊțȦ Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȖȟȕțȦ șȓțȎȉț
ǭȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȍ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȣ șȘȈȏț ȏȈȉȣȓȐ șȊȖȐ ȊȏȈȐȔȕȣȍ ȘȈȏ-
ȌȖȘȣ Ȑ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖ șȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȐȍ ȖȉȡȐȔȐ șȐȓȈȔȐ
șȖȏȌȈȚȤ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȖȉȖȘȖȕț ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȝ ȈȚȈȒ
©ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈª Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȔȖȎȕȖ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȚȤ ȗȐȘȈȚȈ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȋȖ
ȖȒȍȈȕȈ
©ǬȘȈȒȖȕª ȗȈȘȐȓ ȕȈȌ ǰȕȌȐȑșȒȐȔ ȖȒȍȈȕȖȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȊȠȐșȤ
ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȚț 300 ȔȍȚȘȖȊ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȊȟȍȘȈȠȕȍȋȖ ȞȐȒȓȖȕȈ ȔȖȘȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ țșȗȖȒȖ-
ȐȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȔȐȘȐȊȠȈȧșȧ ș ȋȘțȉȣȔ ȕȈșȐȓȐȍȔ.
ǶȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȧȘȖșȚȕȖ ȊȏȌȣȔȈȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȉț Ȑ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȣ
Ȑȝ ȖȉȍșșȐȓȍȊ Ȋ ȌȐȒȖȔ șȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȐȐ ȖȝȓȍșȚȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȉȍȓȖȑ
ȗȍȕȖȑ
Ǫ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȖ ȖȚȌȍȓȈȕȕȖȑ ȒȈȦȚ-ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȐ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ȒȖ-
ȘȈȉȓȧ ȏȈșȍȌȈȓȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ Ȑȏ 11 ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
DzȖȔȕȈȚȈ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓȈșȤ ș ȌȊțȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȖȒȕȈȔȐ ș
ȚȖȓșȚȣȔȐ ȒȖȘȈȉȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ șȚȍȒȓȈȔȐ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȊȠȐȔȐ ȖȌȕȈ-
ȒȖ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ȊȖȊȕȍ ǵȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȒȈȦȚȣ
ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȔț ȗȘȐȔȍȕȍȕȐȦ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȥȕȍȘ-
ȋȐȐ ȗȖ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȚȍȖȘȐȐ șȐȓȖ-ȔȈȚȍȘȐȐ DzȖȕȌȘȈȚȐȧ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȖȋȖ
ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉțȌȤ ȚȖ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȦșȈȝ ȐȓȐ Ȋ ȏȕȖȑȕȖȑ ȟȍȘȚȍ ȥȒȊȈȚȖȘȈ
ȚȍȔȗȍȘȈȚțȘȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑ ȚȈ Ȏȍ — 20 ȋȘȈȌțșȖȊ ȗȖ ǾȍȓȤșȐȦ
Ǫ țȋȓȈȝ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȖșȖȉȣȍ ȖȗȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗȘȐȉȖȘȣ ȗȖșȘȍȌ-
șȚȊȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ șȐȌȧ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈ-
ȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȘțȉȒț Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ȊȕȐȏț ȐȓȐ ȗȘȐ-
șȗȖșȖȉȐȊȠȐ Ȓ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚț ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗȘȐȉȖȘȣ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ
ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐȍ șȕȐȔȒȐ ș ȗȚȐȟȤȍȋȖ ȗȖȓȍȚȈ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈ-
ȍȔȣȍ ©ȗȘȖȍȒȞȐȖȕȕȣȍ șȕȐȔȒȐª șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȔȍȕȧȦȡȐȍ șȈ-
Ȕȣȍ ȚȖȟȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȚȍȎȐ șȕȧȚȣȍ ȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȖȔ ȈșȚȘȖȓȧȉȐȐ ȐȓȐ
ȌȈȎȍ ȚȍȖȌȖȓȐȚȈ
ǸȈȏȊȈȓȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȔȧȋȒȖȔ ȒȘȍșȓȍ ș șȐȋȈȘȖȑ ȊȖ ȘȚț ȗȖȓț-
ȓȍȎȈȓ ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȖ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐ-

159
ȊȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȣȔ ȘȍȟȈȔ Ȋșȍȑ ȗȐȘȈȚșȒȖȑ
ȠȈȑȒȐ șȘȍȌȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȊȣȌȍȓȧȓȐșȤ ȌȊȍ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȔȖ-
ȓȖȌȣȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ș ȓȐȞȈȔȐ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȓțȔȈș-
ȒȈȔȐ ȖȌȍȚȣȍ Ȋ ȔțȎșȒȖȑ ȒȖșȚȦȔ
ǹȚȖȓ ȉȣȓ țșȚȈȊȓȍȕ ȊȐȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ ȉȓȦȌȈ-
ȔȐǪȣșȖȒȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȊȍșȤ șȖșȚȖȧȡȐȑ Ȑȏ ȒȖșȚȍȑ Ȑ Ȕțș-
ȒțȓȖȊ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȑ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȕȍ ȕȈ ȎȐȊȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ Ȉ ȕȈ ȘȣȟȈȎ-
ȕțȦ ȔȈȠȐȕț ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȓ Ȋ ȘȖȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ șȚȈȒȈȕ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȕȤȧȒț ȒȘȧȒȕțȓ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȔ
ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— ǶșȒȈȘ ȥȚȖ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȖ șȒțȟȕȖ ǷȖșȓȍ ȉȓȍ-
șȚȧȡȍȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ ș ©ǪșȍȔȐȘȕȣȔ ȉȈȕȒȖȔª Ȕȣ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ
șȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ șȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȗȖȝȐȡȍȕȐȧ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖȑ ȘțșșȒȖȑ
ȉȈȓȍȘȐȕȣ Ȑ ȖȚșȚȈȊȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȖȓȧ ǷȖȘȚțȋȈȓȐȐ ǴȈȕțȥȓȧ ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ
ȥȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȚȐ ȐȋȘȐȊȈȧ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȧ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȋȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȒȈ-
ȗȐȚȈȕȈ ǩȈȓȍȘȐȕȈ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ țȌȈȊȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȚȍȕȞȍ ȕȖ ȕȍ țșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧȔ ǶșȒȈȘȈ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ
ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȕȐșȝȖȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ Ȓ ȔțȎșȒȐȔ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧȔ
ȌȊțȝ ȋȘȈȞȐȑ Ȋ ȔȈșȒȈȝ
— ǵȍȋȖȌȧȑ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȏȈȔȈșȒȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕ — ǴȖȎȍȠȤ ȓȐ Țȣ ȗȖȝȊȈșȚȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȧ Ȑ ȔȖȧ ȗȖȌȘț-
ȋȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȕȐșȝȖȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȣ Ȓ Țȍȉȍ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȈȧ ȋȖȘȐȓȓȈ"
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȕȈșȚȈȐȊȈȦ ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ
ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȖȑ, ȉțȌȤ ȖȕȈ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊȖȑ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȌȘțȋȖȑ ȈȚȈ-
ȔȈȕȈ ȉȈȕȌȐȚȖȊ ǬȍȓȖ ȕȍ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ǷȖȝȐȡȍȕȐȍ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȉȈȓȍȘȐ-
ȕȣ ȊȏȧȚȖȑ Ȋ ȍȍ ȓȍȋȖȕȤȒȖȔ ȒȖșȚȦȔȍ ȗȘȧȔȖ șȖ șȞȍȕȣ ȗȍȚȍȘ-
ȉțȘȋșȒȖȋȖ ȚȍȈȚȘȈ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȕȖ ȇ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȔȖ-
ȋț ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ ȉȍȏ șȔȍȝȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ ȥȚȐȝ ȉȘȈȊȣȝ șȚȖȘȖȎȍȑ ȉȣȓ
ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕ ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘ șȐȓȖȊȣȝ ȓțȟȍȑ Ȑ Ȋșȍ Ȑȝ ȘțȎȤȧ Ȋșȍ
ȗțȠȒȐ Ȑ ȗțȓȍȔȍȚȣ șȘȈȏț ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȐȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȗȈȚȘȖȕȣ Ȑ șȕȈȘȧ-
Ȍȣ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȊȏȖȘȊȈȓȐșȤ; ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ
ȎȐȊȣȝ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȓȍȚȍȓȐ ȘțȒȐ ȕȖȋȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȕȖ ȏȈȚȖ ȒȈȒ țȌȐ-
ȘȈȓȐ ȕȍ ȗȖșȚȘȈȌȈȊȠȐȍ! ǽȈ-ȝȈ ȇ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȊȐȎț Ȑȝ șȊȍȘ-
ȒȈȦȡȐȍ ȗȧȚȒȐ Ǩ ȥȚȈ ȐȌȐȖȚșȒȈȧ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈ Ȋ ȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȏȈ-
ȓȍ ȥȚȐ ȌȍȒȖȓȤȚȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȌȈȔȣ Ȋ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȈȝ ȗȈȌȈȊȠȐȍ
ș ȗȖȟȍȘȕȍȊȠȐȔȐ ȓȐȞȈȔȐ ȖȉȖȎȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȈȠȐȔȐ ȔȖȓȕȐȧ-

160
ȔȐ Ǩ ȗȘȐȔȈ-ȉȈȓȍȘȐȕȈ" ǩȓȍȌȕȈȧ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȈȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȖȘȖ-
ȚȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȦȉȖȟȒȍ Ȑ ȋȈȏȖȊȣȝ Ȍȍșșț ȅȚȖȋȖ ȦȕȖȠț-ȒȖȘȖȓȧ ȗȖ-
ȚȍȘȧȊȠȍȋȖ ȚȈȒ ȘȈȕȖ șȊȖȑ ȗȘȍșȚȖȓ Ȑ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȚȍȓȍȕȒȈ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȖȚȗȈȐȊȈȦȚ ȔȖȓȖȒȖȔ șȖ ȊȏȉȐȚȣȔȐ ȧȑȞȈȔȐ Ȑ ȜȘȈȕ-
ȞțȏșȒȖȑ ȉțȓȒȖȑ Ȕȣ ȊȏȧȓȐ ȚȖȎȍ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȤȕȣȔ șȗȖșȖȉȖȔ
DzȖȘȖȓȍȊșȒȖȍ ȉȥȉȥ ȐȏȊȖȓȐȓȖ ȖȝȖȚȐȚȤșȧ ȟȍȘȚ ȍȋȖ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȒȈ-
ȒțȦ ȌȐȟȤ Ȗȕ ȖȝȖȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ ȋȌȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ
ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ DzșȚȈȚȐ ǶșȒȈȘ ȌȈȊȈȑ ȊȣȒȐȕȍȔ ȠȚțȒț ȕȈ-
ȓȖȊȐȔ șȖȚȕȐ ȚȘȐ ȊȖȓȒȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȕȍȚ Ȋ ǨȕȋȓȐȐ
țȎȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ șȚȈ ȓȍȚ Ȑ ȊȣșȈȌȐȔ ȌȍșȈȕȚȖȔ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍ-
ȋȈȝ ȚțȔȈȕȕȖȋȖ ǨȓȤȉȐȖȕȈ
— ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȚȤ ȌȊȍ-ȚȘȐ ȠȚțȟȒȐ ȉȍ-
Ƞȍȕȣȝ — ȏȈȋȖȋȖȚȈȓ ȘȣȎȐȑ ǬȎȍȒ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȊȠȐȑ ȕȈ ©ǬȘȈ-
ȒȖȕȍª ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȈȘȚȐȓȓȍȘȐȍȑ
— ǺȊȖȧ ȔȣșȓȤ ǹȚȈȕȐșȓȈȊ — ȓȍȕȐȊȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȗȘȖȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȓ ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ — ȕȍ ȓȐȠȍȕȈ ȚȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏ-
ȕȖȑ ȥșȚȍȚȐȒȐ ǰȌȍȧ ȘȣȎȍȋȖ ǬȎȍȒȈ ȚȖȎȍ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȗȖȓȍȏȕȖȑ
ȗȈȘȓȈȔȍȕȚșȒȖȑ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȒȖȑ ǵȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȔȖȑ șȓȈȊȧȕȐȕ ȋȖȕȖ-
ȘȖȊȣȑ ȠȓȧȝȚȐȟ — Țȣ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȠȤ Ȓ ȋȍȘȉț ©ǯȈ-
ȌȖȘȈª"* — ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȠȤ ȓȐ țȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȒȐȔ șȗȖșȖȉȖȔ Ȕȣ
ȕȈȓȖȊȐȔ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȊȖȓȒȖȊ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ Ȋ ȌȍȉȘȧȝ
ǹȐȉȐȘȐ Ȑ ǻȘȈȓȈ ȐȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȧȝ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊșȚȊȈ ǷȖȓȤ-
șȒȖȋȖ" DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ țȋȖșȚȐȚȤ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȗȖȌȈȘȒȖȔ Ȑ ȧ ȉȣ
ȕȍ ȗȘȖȟȤ ȕȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȔȖȑ ȥȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ Ȑ ȋȓțȗȈȧ ȊȖȏȕȧ ǰș-
ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤ ȝȐȡȕȣȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȧȌȖȊȐȚȣȝ ȋȈȌȖȊ ȊȣȓȐȚȤ ȕȈ
ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȍ ȌȖȔȈ ȉȖȟȒȐ ȟȐșȚȍȑȠȍȑ ȘȈȏȊȖȌȒȐ ȝȖȓȍȘȕȖȑ Ȑ ȟțȔ-
ȕȖȑ ȉȈȞȐȓȓȣ — ȥȚȖ ȌȈȊȕȐȠȕȧȧ ȔȖȧ ȐȌȍȧ ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȤ șȍȉȍ
ȈȘȐșȚȖȒȘȈȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȓȍȟȐ Ȑ ȋȘțȌȐ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕ ȌȐȊȕȣȍ ȔȈȕȧȡȐȍ ȔțȎșȒȖȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȎȍȕșȒȐȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȒȐ
ȋȖȘȌȣȍ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȉȍȌȣ ȕȈȌ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ Ȋ Ȑȏȧȡ-
ȕȣȝ ȜȘȈȒȈȝ Ȑ șȔȖȒȐȕȋȈȝ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȦȡȐȍ Ȗ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȠȕȍȔ Ȍȕȍ
ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȉȍșȗȍȟȍȕȕȖȔ ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȘȈȉȖȊ țȚȖȕȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȜȓȐȘȚ ȊȖȓ-
ȕțȦȡȐȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȌțȝȖȊ Ȑ ȈȘȖȔȈȚ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȈ ȎȍȕșȒȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ ȗȈȊ-
ȓȐȕȤȐ ȝȊȖșȚȣ ȘȈșȗțșȒȈȍȔȣȍ șȈȔȖȕȈȌȍȧȕȕȣȔȐ șȈȔȞȈȔȐ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȊȍȚȐȓȖ șȞȍȕȣ ȕȈ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȥșȚȘȈȌȍ ȈȘȐșȚȖȒȘȈ-
* ɉɨɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɞɜɨɪɹɧɫɤɢɣ ɝɟɪɛ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɨɞɨɜ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶ-
ɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ XIV ɜ

161
ȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȋȖșȚȐȕȖȑ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȠțȔ ȏȈ ȖȒȕȈȔȐ
ȘȈȏȉȐȚȖ șȚȍȒȓȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȥȚț ȖȉȐȚȍȓȤ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȣȝ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȓȦ-
Ȍȍȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȊȠȐȝ ȚȘțȌȈ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ — ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊ-
ȓȧȦ Ȗȉȡȍȍ șȔȧȚȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȈȕȐȒț — ȗȈȌȈȍȚ ȒȖȘȏȐȕȈ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȈȧ ȠȐȗȧȡȐȔȐ ȒȖȉȘȈȔȐ ȋȘȍȔțȟȐȔȐ ȏȔȍȧȔȐ Ȑ ȍȋȐȗȍȚ-
șȒȐȔȐ ȈșȗȐȌȈȔȐ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȏȓȖȉȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ
ȎȐȊțȡȍȍ ȖȏȓȖȉȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȉȍȕȋȈȓȤșȒȐȑ ȚȐȋȘ Ȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔ ȗȘȣȎ-
ȒȖȔ ȗȈȌȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȌȍȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕțȦ ȋȘțȌȤ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
ȗȘȐȕȞȍșșȣ ǪțȓȤȜȠȚȍȑȕ-ǽȈȐȔșȒȖȑ Ȑ ȗȤȍȚ ȍȍ ȘȖȌȖȊȐȚțȦ
ȒȘȖȊȤ ǻȌȈȊ ȌȓȐȕȖȦ Ȋ 60 ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ ȒȖȓȖȕ-
ȕȖȑ Ȑ ȔȍȘȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȧșȤ ȚțșȒȓȣȔ ȜȖșȜȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ
ȖȚȣșȒȐȊȈȍȚ șȊȖȦ ȎȍȘȚȊț ǫȖȚȖȊȐȚșȧ Ȓ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖȔț ȗȘȣȎ-
Ȓț ȈȜȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȑ ȓȍȊ ǷȈȕȚȍȘȈ ȗȖȓȏȍȚ ȖȒȖȓȖ șȚȍȕȣ ȒȈȒ Ȋȍȟ-
ȕȖȍ ȖȓȐȞȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ ȋȕțșȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȗȈȕȚȍȘȈ — ȥȚȖ
ȊȈȠ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ǨȏȍȜ
— Ǻȣ șȖȊșȍȔ ȏȈȉȘȍȌȐȓ ǶșȒȈȘ ȖȗȖȔȕȐșȤ ȅȚȖ ț Țȍȉȧ ȊȘȖ-
Ȍȍ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȒȈ
ǯȈȔȈșȒȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ Ȓ ǬȈȑȉȕț Ȑ ȓȈșȒȖ-
ȊȖ șȚȈȓȈ ȋȓȈȌȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ Ƕȕ ȖȚȚȖȓȒȕțȓ ȍȍ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȊȖ
ȊȍșȤ ȘȖșȚ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȚ țȌȈȊ ș ȔȍȘȞȈȦȡȐȔ ȜȖșȜȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔ
ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȓ
— ȇ ȗȘȍȏȐȘȈȦ Ȑ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȎț ȋȖșȗȖȌ ǷȘȍȏȐȘȈȦ Ȑ ȕȍȕȈȊȐ-
Ȏț Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȊ ȐȔ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȧȦȡȐȝșȧ ǰ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ — Ȋșȍ
ȧ șȌȍȓȈȦ Ȑ ȔȐȘ șȖȌȘȖȋȕȍȚșȧ ȖȚ țȎȈșȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȓȈȌȣȒȖȑ ȊȖȏ-
ȌțȝȈ ǭșȓȐ ȘțșșȒȈȧ ȉȈȓȍȘȐȕȈ Ȋ ȥȚț ȕȖȟȤ ȕȍ șȌȈșȚșȧ ȕȈ ȔȖȐ
ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ȧ ȍȍ ȊȣȉȘȖȠț Ȋ ȖȒȍȈȕ Ǩ ȗȖ ȔȖȍȑ ȊȖȓȍ ȗȖ ȔȖȍȔț
ȝȖȚȍȕȐȦ ȎȈȓȒȐȑ ȊȣȘȖȎȌȍȕȍȞ ǩȘȈȋȈȕȞșȒȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȖș-
șȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ȎȈȓȒȖȔ ȗȘȍșȚȖȓȍ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȈȓȒȖȑ ȐȋȘț-
ȠȍȟȕȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ Ȉ ȉțȕȚțȦȡȐȝ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȍȘȖȊ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐ-
ȒȈȕȞȍȊ ȋȓțȗȣȝ ȏȈȉȈșȚȖȊȡȐȒȖȊ ȧ țșȔȐȘȦ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ
ȉȖȔȉȈȔȐ ǭșȓȐ ȧ ȏȈȝȖȟț Ȋ ȊȖȑȕȍ ǺțȘȞȐȐ ș ǰȚȈȓȐȍȑ ȗȖȉȍ-
ȌȐȚ ȚȈ ȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋȈȧ șȚȖȘȖȕȈ ȒȈȒ Ȕȕȍ ȏȈȝȖȟȍȚșȧ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȊȖ-
ȞȈȘȐȚȤ ȗȍȘșȐȌșȒȖȋȖ ȥȒș-ȠȈȝȈ ȕȖ ȔȖȋț Ȑ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ
ȜȐȌȈȍȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȘȈșȚȍȘȏȈȦȚ ȎȐȘȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȚȐȘȈȕȈ ȕȈ Ȕȍȓ-
ȒȐȍ ȒțșȒȐ Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȊȖȏȉțȌȐȚȤ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȦ
ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ ȔȈșșȣ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȐȓȐ ȍșȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȏȈȝȖȟȍȚ-
șȧ ȖȚȕȧȚȤ ȖȚ ȎȈȓȒȐȝ ȘȈȉȖȊ Ȋșȍ Ȑȝ ©șȊȖȉȖȌȣª
— DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ — ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȋȖȓȖș ȝțȌȖȡȈȊȖȋȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȟȍ-

162
ȓȖȊȍȒȈ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȋȖȘȧȡȐȔȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ — ǷȖȌ ȕȈ-
ȔȐ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȚ ȥșȒȈȌȘȈ Ȑȏ ȗȧȚȐ ȉȘȖȕȍȕȖșȞȍȊ ȌȊțȝ ȒȘȍȑșȍȘȖȊ
Ȑ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ ȚȘȈȕșȗȖȘȚȖȊ ǼȓȈȋ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ
— ǪȣȒȐȕțȚȤ ȉȖȒȖȊțȦ ȋȈȓȍȘȍȦ ǷȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤ ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘ
șȐȓȖȊȣȝ ȓțȟȍȑ ǬȎȍȒ ǹȒȖȘȍȍ Ȓ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȗț-
ȠȒȈȔ
ǶșȒȈȘ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȏȈ ȘțȒȐ ȌȊțȝ ȏȈȔȈșȒȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ
— ǷȖȑȌȍȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȒȖȔȍȌȐȦ

ǵȈȌ ȊȖȓȕțȦȡȐȔșȧ ȖȒȍȈȕȖȔ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ ȊȐșȍȓ ©ǬȘȈ-
ȒȖȕª ș ȋȈȓȍȘȍȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȠȈȑȒȈ ȗȐȘȈȚȖȊ ș ȉȖȒȈȓȈȔȐ Ȋ Șț-
ȒȈȝ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȊȕȐȏ
ǨȕȋȓȐȑșȒȈȧ ȥșȒȈȌȘȈ ȠȓȈ ȒȐȓȤȊȈȚȍȘȕȖȑ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȖȑ ȉȖ-
ȘȧșȤ șȖ ȠȚȖȘȔȖȔ
— ǪȣȒȐȕțȚȤ ȜȓȈȋ — șȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ — ǷțșȚȤ
©ǬȘȈȒȖȕª ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ
ǵȈ ȗȈȓțȉȈȝ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȑ ȥșȒȈȌȘȣ ȊȣșȣȗȈȓ ȊȍșȤ ȥȒȐȗȈȎ
ȌȐȊȧșȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȊȐȌȈȕȕȖȍ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȍ șțȌȕȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȖșȘȍȌ-
șȚȊȖȔ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖȋȖ ȔȍȋȈȜȖȕȈ ȐȏȌȈȊȈȓȖ ȕȍȐșȚȖȊȣȑ ȘȍȊ șȓȖȊ-
ȕȖ ȋȖȓȖșȈ Țȣșȧȟ șȐȊțȟȍȑ șȖȍȌȐȕȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȑ
ȋȓȖȚȒȍ
— ǷȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘ
ǶȌȐȕ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȗȐȘȈȚȖȊ Ȑ ȌȊțȝ ȏȈȔȈșȒȐȘȖ-
ȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȉȘȖȕȍȕȖșȞȣ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ Ȓȓțȉȣ ȌȣȔȈ Ȑ
Ȗȋȕȧ Ȋ ȜȖȕȚȈȕȣ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȖșȒȖȓȒȖȊ ǰ ȋȈș ȖȋȖȕȤ Ȑ ȊȖȓ-
ȕȣ ș șȍȌȣȔȐ ȋȘȍȉȕȧȔȐ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ șȓȖȊȕȖ
ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ
ǺȘȈȕșȗȖȘȚȣ ȉȣȓȐ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȍȕȣ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȉȖȔȉȈ-
ȔȐ ǰ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖ ȝȖȝȖȚȈȓ ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ Ȋ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȐ șȊȍȘȝȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ ȊȓȈșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȊȚȖȘȐȓȐ ȍȔț ȏȈȔȈșȒȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕȣ Ȑ ȊȚȖȘȐȓȈ Ȋșȧ ȠȈȑȒȈ ȗȐȘȈȚȖȊ

164
VII
ɉɈȾ ȼɈȾɈɃ
ǸȖȏȍ DzȖȕȌȘȈȚȐȑ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȍ ȐȏȖ--
ȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȋȖȌȕȖ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȐ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȋȖ șțȌȕȈ
Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖȋȖ ǸȈȏ ȖȚȒȘȣȚ șȗȖșȖȉ Ȗȉ-
ȓȍȋȟȈȚȤ Ȋȍș ȚȍȓȈ ȌȖȊȖȌȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȌȖ ȕțȓȧ Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ șȖȖȉȡȈȚȤ Țȍ-
ȓț ȗȖȌȢȍȔȕțȦ șȐȓț ȚȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȖȉȖȘȖȚ ȔȖȎȕȖ țȊȍ-
ȓȐȟȐȊȈȚȤ Ȋȍș Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ ȗȓȈȊȈȦȡȐȑ
ȗȖ ȊȖȌȍ ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȌȕȖ Ǫ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȝ ȓȖȌ-
ȒȈȝ ȥȚȖ ȌȖșȚȐȋȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈȒȈȟȐȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȊȖȌȣ Ȍȓȧ șȗțșȒȈ Ȑ ȊȣȒȈ-
ȟȐȊȈȕȐȍȔ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȌȢȍȔȈ ȕȖ ș ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȖȔ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȖȋȖ ȌȖșȚȈ-
ȚȖȟȕȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȈ ȘȣȟȈȎȒȈ Ȋ Țț ȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț
ǩȖȓȤȠȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȍ șțȌȕȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ țșȚȘȖȍȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ,
șȗțșȚȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕț ȖȕȖ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȊȣȗȓȣȊȍȚ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ
ȊȖȌȣ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȍȚșȧ ȕȈȌ ȕȍȦ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ
ȊȣșȖȚț ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȉȘȖșȐȚșȧ ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ ȕȣȘȕȍȚ Ȋ ȔȖȘșȒțȦ
ȗțȟȐȕț
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȕȍțȌȖȉȕȣȔ șȖȊȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ
ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ ș ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȔ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȌȖȓȎ-
ȕȣ ȉȣȚȤ șȊȖȐ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗȘȐșȗȖșȖȉȓȍȕȐȧ
ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȋȖ șțȌȕȈ Ȗȕ șȟȐȚȈȓ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȔ Ȑ
ȗȖȌȢȍȔ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȗȖȓțȟȈȓȖșȤ ȐȌȍȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȍ ȋȘțȏȖȊȖȍ șțȌȕȖ ǯȈȉȘȈȊ ȋȘțȏ ȕȈ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȔ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȖȚ
ȔȖȘȧ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȓȍȚȍȚȤ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȗȖ ȊȖȏȌțȝț Ȉ
ȗȖȚȖȔ ȖȗțșȚȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȌț ȕȣȘȕțȚȤ Ȑ șȒȘȣȚȤșȧ ȖȚ șȈȔȖȋȖ
ȉȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȌȖșȔȖȚȘȈ
ǵȖ ȋȓȈȊȕȈȧ ȞȍȓȤ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ ȏȈ-
ȒȓȦȟȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȌȖȉȣȊȈȕȐȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ șțȔȔ ȏȖȓȖȚȈ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȖȒȍȈȕȖȊ Ȑ ȔȖȘȍȑ
ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ș ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȑ ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȒȖȑ ©ǹȖ-
ȒȖȓª Ȗȕ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȖșȚȘȖȐȚȤ Ȑ ©ǬȍȓȤȜȐȕª Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȗȓȈ-
ȊȈȕȐȧ
Dz ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȘȖȍȒȞȐȖȕȕȣȑ ȟȍȘȚȍȎ ȉȣȓ ȐȏȊȍș-
Țȍȕ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȌȍȚȈȓȧȝ ǶșȒȈȘț ǬȈȑȉȕț
ǰ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȖȉȍȏțȔȍȓ ȖȚ șȊȍȘȝȟȍȓȖ-

165
ȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ ȊȓȈșȚȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ șȈȔ ȟȍȔ ȉȣ ȍȡȍ ȗȖȏȈȉȈȊȐȚȤ șȍȉȧ
Ȑ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȤ țȎȈșȖȔ ȏȍȔȓȦ
— ȇ ȗȖșȚȘȖȦ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȍ șțȌȕȖ Ȑ ȕȈȏȖȊț ȍȋȖ ©ǵȈȘȊȈȓª
— ǯȈȟȍȔ Țȍȉȍ ȥȚȖ ȕțȎȕȖ" ǻ Țȍȉȧ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȋȓțȗȣȍ ȜȈȕȚȈ-
ȏȐȐǴȍȎȌțȕȈȘȖȌȕȈȧ ȠȈȑȒȈ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȊȠȈȧ ȥȒȐȗȈȎ ©ǬȘȈȒȖ-
ȕȈª ȕȍ șȚȍșȕȧȓȈșȤ ȌȘțȋ ș ȌȘțȋȖȔ Ȑ ȘȣȎȐȑ ǬȎȍȒ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓ-
șȧ ȏȈȗȈȕȐȉȘȈȚȈ șȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȖȔ
— Ǻȣ ǬȎȍȒ — ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȘȈȏȉȖȑȕȐȒ Ǻȍȉȍ ȉȣ ȚȖ-
ȓȤȒȖ ȎȍȟȤ ȘțȠȐȚȤ țȉȐȊȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȈȧ șȍȉȧ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑ-
Ƞȍȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ȕȈșȐȓȖȊȈȚȤ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȈ ȕȍ
ȖȚȌȈșȚșȧ ȚȈȒȖȔț ȟțȌȖȊȐȡț ȌȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ
ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȚȊȖȍ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȐȍ — ȗȘȐȟȐȕȈ ȚȊȖȍȑ
ȖȏȓȖȉȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ Ǻȣ ȔșȚȐȠȤ ȓȦȌȧȔ ȏȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȋȓțȗ Ȑ țȘȖȌ-

166
ȓȐȊ ǩțȌȤ Țȣ ȒȘȈșȐȊ Ȑ ȕȍȔȕȖȎȍȟȒȖ ȗȖțȔȕȍȍ Ȑȏ Țȍȉȧ ȊȣȠȍȓ
ȉȣ ȌȖȉȘȖȌȍȚȍȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȑ ȔȍȡȈȕȐȕ Ǩ ȧ ȎȈȎȌț ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȓȈ-
șȚȐ ȕȈȌ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ ȕȖ Ȑ ȕȈȌ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȖȑ ǷȖȟȍȔț ȕȍ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȚȈȑȕ
ȔȖȘȧ" DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ Ȗ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȍ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȋȖ șțȌȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȖ-
șȐȚ ǼȘȐȞ
— Ǩ ȚȊȖȑ ȓȦȉȐȔȟȐȒ ǻȎ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȖȌȍȚȈȧ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȊțȠ-
ȒȈ" DzȈȒȈȧ șȒȘȖȔȕȖșȚȤ ǵȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȚ țȟȈșȚȐȧ Ȋ ȗȖȗȖȑȒȈȝ
ȒȘȈșȕȍȍȚ țȊȐȌȈȊȠȐ ȘȈȏȌȍȚțȦ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ȔȖȘȡȐȚșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ
ȘțȋȈȦșȤ ©ȗȖ-ȔȖȘșȒȐª ǺȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ șȐȌȐȚ ȕȈȌ Ȑȕ-
șȚȘțȔȍȕȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȣȟȐșȓȧȍȚ
—ǬțȘȈȒ Ƕȕ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȐȔ țȟȍȕȣȔ ȔȐȘȈ Ǻȍȉȍ ȥȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ
— ǵț Ȑ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȑ ȍȋȖ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌț ǬȈ Ȑ șȈȔ ȒșȚȈ-
ȚȐ țȉȐȘȈȑșȧ ȚțȌȈ Ȏȍ
—ǬȎȍȒ ȉȍȘȍȋȐșȤ
— Ǻȣ Ȕȕȍ țȋȘȖȎȈȍȠȤ"
— Ǩ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȉȣ ȕȍȚ" ǵȍ ȏȈȏȕȈȊȈȑșȧ ǷȖȔȕȐ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ Ȋȣ
ȏȈȊȐșȐȚȍ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ Ǫ ȔȖȐȝ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘțȒȈȝ ȚȈȑȕȈ țȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ
©ǬȘȈȒȖȕȖȔª ǶȌȕȐȔ ȕȈȎȈȚȐȍȔ ȒȕȖȗȒȐ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȕȐȏȊȍȘȋȕțȚȤ
Ȋșȍȝ ȊȈș Ȋ ȉȍȏȌȕț
ǬȎȍȒ țȠȍȓ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȊȖȘȟȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȘȈșșȍȘȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȖ ȚȘțș-
ȓȐȊȣȑ ȏȊȍȘȤ
©ǵȈȘȊȈȓª ȉȣȓ ȗȖșȚȘȖȍȕ ȉȍȏ ȖșȖȉȣȝ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȍȑ
ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ ȕȍ ȎȈȓȍȊȠȐȑ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȐȔȍȓ ȔȈșșț ȈȋȍȕȚȖȊ
ȘȈșșȣȗȈȕȕȣȝ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔț ȔȐȘț ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȐȝ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȒȈȏȈȕȣ ȟȈ-
șȚȐ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȋȖ șțȌȕȈ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȏȈȊȖȌȣ Ȑ ȌȖȋȈȌȣȊȈȓȐșȤ
Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȕȖ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ ȏȈȔȣȒȈȍȚ țșȚȈ ǬȈ ȘȈȏȊȍ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȍ
ȏȈȊȖȌȟȐȒȐ ȕȍ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȖȘțȌȐȧ ȊȘȈȋȈȔ șȊȖȍȑ ȘȖȌȐȕȣ"
©ǵȈȘȊȈȓª Ȋ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȕȕȖȔ ȊȐȌȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȗȈȘȚȐȧ ȘȈȉȖ-
ȟȐȝ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȉȈșȕȖșȓȖȊȕȣȔ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȒȖȔ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȖ-
șȚȈȊȓȍȕȣ ȕȈ țȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȑ șȒȈȓȐșȚȣȑ ȖșȚȘȖȊ Ȋ ǺȐȝȖȔ ȖȒȍȈ-
ȕȍ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȈ ȕȈȟȈȓȈșȤ
DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ țȏȕȈȓ șȒȖȘȖ ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ ǫȈȏȍȚȣ ȏȈȉȐȓȐ
ȚȘȍȊȖȋț ǷȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ șȚȘȈȕ ȗȖșȓȈȓȐ Ȓ ȖșȚȘȖȊț ȔȕȖ-
ȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȥșȒȈȌȘȣ ǩȘȖȕȍȕȖșȞȣ Ȑ ȌȘȍȌȕȖțȚȣ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȣȔ
ȒȖȓȤȞȖȔ ȖȒȘțȎȐȓȐ ȔȍșȚȖ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȐ
ǷȖȗȣȚȒȈ ȊȣșȈȌȐȚȤ ȌȍșȈȕȚ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȈșȤ dzȖȌȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȟȍȕȣ ȏȈȓȗȖȔ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȖȘțȌȐȑ ǷȖȋȐȉȓȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȍ-

167
șȧȚȒȖȊ ȔȖȘȧȒȖȊ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȘȍȠȍȕȈ ȉȖȔȉȈȘȌȐȘȖȊȒȈ ǵȖ
ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȊ Ȑȏ șȘȍȌȐȕȣ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ
©ǬȘȈȒȖȕª Ȑ ȗȈȘȧ ȕȈȌ ȥșȒȈȌȘȖȑ ȊȏȖȘȊȈȓ șȐȓȖȊȣȔȐ ȓțȟȈȔȐ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șțȌȖȊ
ǪȐȌȧ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ȗȖȌ țȋȘȖȏȖȑ ȗȖȓȕȖȋȖ Ȑș-
ȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȧ ȥșȒȈȌȘȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓȈ ȉȖȔȉȈȘȌȐȘȖȊȒț Ȑ ȊȣȒȐȕț-
ȓȈ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȜȓȈȋ
©ǬȘȈȒȖȕª ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȐȎȍ ȕȈ ȋȈȓȍȘȍȦ ȊȣȠȍȓ ǶșȒȈȘ
ǬȈȑȉȕ Ȑ ȔȐȓȖșȚȐȊȖ ȗȖȔȈȝȈȓ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ȉȍȓȣȔ ȜȓȈ-
ȋȖȔ Ȋ ȏȕȈȒ ȗȍȘȍȔȐȘȐȧ
ǶȉȡȐȑ șȖȊȍȚ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȖȊ ȥșȒȈȌȘȣ ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ȖȋȘȈȕȐ-
ȟȐȚȤșȧ ȉȓȖȒȈȌȖȑ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ Ȑ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖșȣȓȈȧ ȐȏȊȍș-
ȚȐȧ ȗȖ ȉȍșȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȟȕȖȔț ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜț
ǴȖȘȧȒȐ ȐȏȕȣȊȈȓȐ ȖȚ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȖșȚȐ ȉȍșșȐȓȤȕȈȧ ȏȓȖȉȈ ȖȊ-
ȓȈȌȍȊȈȓȈ ȐȔȐ Ȉ ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕª ȗțȋȈȧ Ȑ ȌȘȈȏȕȧ ȕȖșȐȓșȧ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ
ȌȍȕȤ ȕȈȌ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧȔȐ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȜȓȈȋ ș ȟȍȘȍȗȖȔ ȖșȒȖȘȉȓȧȓ
ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȠȐȝ șȟȐȚȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȧ-
ȔȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȊȓȈșȚȐ Ȑ ȏȈȒȖȕȈ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ Ƕș-
ȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ ȏȈȉȈȊȓȧȓșȧ ȕȖȟȕȣȔ ȖșȔȖȚȘȖȔ ©ȗȖȏȐȞȐȑ ȊȘȈȋȈª
ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓ ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕª ȊȍșȤ ȋȖȘȍȓ ȖȋȕȧȔȐ Ȑ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓ
ȥșȒȈȌȘț ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘȖȔ ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ șțȌȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȉȍȓȈȧ
ȗȖȓȖșȈ șȊȍȚȈ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȒȘȈȌȣȊȈȓșȧ șȚȘȈȝ Ȋ ȌțȠț Ȉ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȥȚȖ șȐȓȖȊȣȍ ȓțȟȐ Ȑ șȍȑȟȈș ȘȈȏȌȈșȚșȧ ȋȘȖȔȖȊȖȑ ȊȏȘȣȊ?
Ǫ ȖȌȕȖ țȚȘȖ ȕȈȌ ȖșȚȘȖȊȖȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ ȌȊȈ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȝ
șțȌȕȈ Ǫ ȖȌȕȖȔ țȏȕȈȓȐ ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈª ȌȘțȋȖȍ, ȗȖȟȚȐ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ
ȜȖȘȔȣ, ȉȣȓȖ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȔ
ǷȍȘȍȓȍȚȍȊ ȏȈ ȟȍȘȚț ȉȓȖȒȈȌȣ ȔȍȕȤȠȍȍ șțȌȕȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȓȖșȤ
ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȔȖȘȧ Ȑ șȒȘȣȓȖșȤ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȦ ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕª țȌȈ-
ȓȐȓșȧ ș ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ Ȑșȟȍȏ ȏȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕ-
ȚȖȔǹ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȐȔȐ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȧȔȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍ-
ȕȈ ȊȣșȈȌȒȈ ȕȈ ȖșȚȘȖȊ Ȑ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖ
ȅȓȓȐȕȋ ©ǵȈȘȊȈȓȈª Ȑ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȐȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȕȣ-
ȔȐ ǫȘțȗȗȈ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ Ȋ 200 ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȗȖ-
ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȖȎȐȌȈȧ ȊȍșȚȍȑ ș ȥșȒȈȌȘȣ ǵȖ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ
ȔȖȋȓȐ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ ǰȝ ȕȈȕȧȓȐ ȏȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠțȦ ȗȓȈȚț ȗȘȐ-
ȊȍȏȓȐ șȦȌȈ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȒȖȘȔȐȓȐ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓȐșȤ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȗȘȍȒȘȈș-
ȕȖ

168
— ǷȖȟȍȔț ȕȈȔ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ" — ȕȈȐȊȕȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ șȚȈ-
ȘȐȒ-ȒțȏȕȍȞ
ǶȜȐȞȍȘȣ ȗȣȚȈȓȐșȤ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑ-
ȒȐ ȗȐȘȈȚșȒȖȋȖ șțȌȕȈ — ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ
— ǵț țȎ ȥȚȖ Ȋȣ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȍ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȑȚȍ ǵȈȔ ȥȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ Ǵȣ ȏȕȈȍȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȔ ȕȈ ȚȖȋȖ
ȒȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȌȈșȚ ǪȖȚ Ȕȣ ȌȍȓȈȍȔ ȘțȎȤȧ Ȑ ȗțȠȒȐ Ȉ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ
ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȋ ȕȈș Ȏȍ ȗȖȌȟȈș șȚȘȍȓȧȦȚ ȇ ȏȌȍșȤ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ șȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȏȈ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ Ȋ ȈȘșȍȕȈȓȍ
ǬȍȓȈȚȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ȘȈȏȊȍȏȓȐ ȗȖ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȐȔ
ȗȖȘȚȈȔ
ǻȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ©ǵȈȘȊȈȓȈª ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ ȗȖȘțȟȐȓ șȊȖȍȔț
ȓȦȉȐȔȞț ǼȘȐȞț ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȖșȊȧȚȐȓ Ȗȕ Ȋ ©ȚȈȑȕțª ǼȘȐȞ
ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓșȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȈțȒȖȑ Ȉ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȖșȚȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȍ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ
ǹ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȖȔ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȗȍȘȐșȒȖȗ ȔȖȘșȒȐȍ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ
Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓ ȊșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȍ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ
ǷȖȓȤȏțȧșȤ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ ©ǵȈȘȊȈȓȈª Ȗȕ ȗȖșȍȚȐȓ
ȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȔȖȘȧ ȗȍȘȍȕȖșȧșȤ ș ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ
ǰȏ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ ȗȍȘȍȓȍȚȍȓ Ȋ DzȈșȗȐȑșȒȖȍ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȋ ǨȘȈȓȤ-
șȒȖȍ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȗțșȒȈȓșȧ Ȋ ǴȍȘȚȊȖȍ ȋȌȍ ȗȖ ȉȐȉȓȍȑșȒȖȔț șȒȈ-
ȏȈȕȐȦ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȐ ǹȖȌȖȔ Ȑ ǫȖȔȖȘȘȈ
©ǵȈȘȊȈȓª ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȣȝ șȕȖȠȍȕȐȧȝ ș ©ǬȘȈ-
ȒȖȕȖȔª ȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȖȔ ȖșȖȉȖȋȖ ȉȍșȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȈ
ǵȖ ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ ȕȍȐșȚȖȊșȚȊțȧ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ Ȑ ȕȈȊȖȌȧ țȎȈș șȊȖȐȔ
©ǬȘȈȒȖȕȖȔª ȡȈȌȐȓ ǼȘȐȞȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȐȘȈȚșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ
— ǷțșȚȤ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȏȈȉȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒ ȝȖȟȍȚ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ©ǵȈȘȊȈȓª ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȌȕȖ dzȈȔȈȕȠȈ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ
șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓ ȕȈ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ǼȘȐȞ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȍȘȐșȒȖȗ ȐȏțȟȈȓ șȚȘȖȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȌȕȈ Ȑ ȚȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȚȖ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐ-
ȊȈȚȤ șțȌȕȖ țșȒȖȘȧȚȤ Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȌȓȧȚȤ ȝȖȌ
— DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ — ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȊȌȘțȋ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș
ǼȘȐȞ Ȗȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ șȚȖȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȌȦ-
ȎȐȑ ȐȘȓȈȕȌȍȞ
— ǿȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ"
— ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ șȊȍȚ
ǼȘȐȞ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȖșȖȊȖȔț ȖȒȕț

ǹȘȍȌȐ ȔȘȈȒȈ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȉȍȏȌȕȣ șȊȍȚȐȓșȧ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȊȍȓȐ-
ȟȐȕȣ ȉȍȓȖȊȈȚȣȑ ȠȈȘ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȓțȟȈȔȐ Ȑș-
ȝȖȌȧȡȐȔȐ Ȑȏ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȖȋȖ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȈ
ǼȘȐȞ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ Ȋȍȓȍȓ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȤșȧ
șȈȔȣȔ ȚȐȝȐȔ ȝȖȌȖȔ
Ǫ șȊȍȚȖȊȖȔ ȠȈȘȍ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȐȓȖșȤ ȧȌȘȖ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȔȈș-
șȣ

170
VIII
ȁǹȊȀǶǺǮȀȁǺ
ǴȍȎȌțȕȈȘȖȌȕȣȑ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȖȉȖȘȖȕȣ ȏȈ-
șȍȌȈȓ ȉȍșȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖ Ȋ ǩȘȦșșȍȓȍ ǴȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȈ Ȍȓȧ ȌȖȒȓȈȌȖȊ Ȑ
ȗȘȍȕȐȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ǸȍȌȒȈȧ ȕȍȌȍȓȧ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȈ
ȉȍȏ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔ Ȑȏ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗțȕȒȚȈ ȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȠȈȘȈ Ȗ ȕȖ-
ȊȖȔ ȏȓȖȌȍȑșȚȊȍ ǶșȒȈȘȈ ǬȈȑȉȕȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȠȈȑȒȐ
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȐ ȏȓȣȍ ȌȍȓȈ ȔȈȓȖ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓȐșȤ ȖȚ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ȘȈȏȉȖȧ — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈȝ ǵȈȊȖȌȐȓȐ țȎȈș Ȑ ȖșȖ-
ȉȣȍ ȖȘțȌȐȧ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȐșȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȧ ǷȘȐ ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȐ ȊȖȏ-
ȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ȗȐȘȈȚȈ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈ-
ȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȉȍȋșȚȊȖ ȗȘȧȚȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȈȓȣ ȕȖ ȕȐȋȌȍ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ
ȉȣȓȖ șȗȈșȚȐșȤ ȖȚ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȉȖȔȉ
ǯȈȟȍȔ Ȋ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ ȘȈȏȖȘȧȓ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ
ȘȈȏȘțȠȈȧ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȐȏȉȐȊȈȧ ȔȈșșț ȎȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȧ ȗȖșȓȍ
șȍȉȧ șȓȍȌȣ țȎȈșȈ Ȑ ȕȈșȐȓȐȧ"
Ǫ ȌȍȕȤȋȈȝ Ȗȕ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȔȖȋ ȕțȎȌȈȚȤșȧ ǵȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȋȘȈȉȧ ȉȈȕ-
ȒȐ Ȗȕ șȎȐȋȈȓ ȗȘȖȞȍȕȚȕȣȍ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȉțȔȈȋȐ Ȑ ȈȒȞȐȐ
ȟȍȔ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȓ ȞȍȓțȦ ȉțȘȦ ȕȈ ȉȐȘȎȍ ǩțȔȈȋȐ ȗȘȖȌȍȓȣȊȈȓȐ
ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȑ ȚȈȕȍȞ ȚȖ ȗȘȣȋȈȧ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȚȖ ȓȍȚȧ Ȓț-
ȊȣȘȒȖȔ ȊȕȐȏ ǴȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȉȈȕȒȐȘșȒȐȝ ȌȖȔȖȊ Ȑ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȣȝ
ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȧȚȐȑ ȖȉȈȕȒȘȖȚȐȓȐșȤ ǵȈȎȐȓȐșȤ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȕȖ Ȓ ȟȍȔț
Ȑ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈª ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ șȚȈȚȤ ȕȐȡȐȔ ȖȋȘȈȉȓȍȕȕȣȔ" ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȍȡȍ ȍșȓȐ țȌȈșȚșȧ
șȈȔȖȔț țȑȚȐ ȎȐȊȣȔ
ǹȈȔ ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȖȚȖȗȓȍȕȐȧ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȖȚȘȧ-
ȌȈ șțȌȖȊ Ȋ ǰȕȌȐȑșȒȖȔ ȖȒȍȈȕȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ șȖȉȣȚȐȐ ȟȍ-
Șȍȏ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȍ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ȗȖȓțȟȐȊȠȐȍ ȗȐșȤȔȈ
«ȇ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȥȚȖ — ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȓ ȞȐȕȐȟȕȖ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȑ ȗȐȘȈȚ
— ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȓȧ ȘȈȏȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȧ ȌȊțȝ ȌȈȔ Ȕȍȕȧ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȦ-
ȡȐȝ ȕȖ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȈș ȓȦȌȐ ȏȍȔȓȐ țȉȍȌȐȚȤ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ
ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍ Ȑ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ȔȖȐȔ ȎȍȓȈ-
ȕȐȧȔ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȚȧȔ».
Ǫ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȏȌȍșȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȜȈȕȜȈȘȖȕșȚȊȈ
ǬȈȑȉȕ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȉȍșȞȍȓȤȕȖ ȎȍșȚȖȒ Ȑ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌțȧ șȊȖȦ ȉȍȏțȔ-

171
ȕțȦ ȔȍȟȚț șȚȈȚȤ ȊȓȈȌȣȒȖȑ ȔȐȘȈ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊț șȊȖȦ
ȕȍȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȕțȦ ȊȓȈșȚȤ Ȗȕ ȖȝȖȚȕȖ ȐȏȉȍȎȈȓ ȉȣ ȐȏȓȐȠȕȍȋȖ
ȒȘȖȊȖȗȘȖȓȐȚȐȧ ȕȈșȐȓȐȧ Ȑ ȐȏȌȍȊȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȕȈȌ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ-
ȔȐDz ȥȚȖȔț ȊȣȕțȎȌȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȤ ǺȈȒ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȍȋȖ
ȠȈȑȒȈ șȒțȟȈȊȠȈȧ ȉȍȏ ©ȌȍȓȈª Ȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȋȖȚȖȊȈȧ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȚȤ
ȍȔț Ǭȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȥȚȐȝ ȕȍȋȖȌȧȍȊ ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȤșȧ
ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȧȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȓ ȐȔ ȊșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȍ ȕȍȐșȚȖȊșȚȊȈ
ǰ ȠȈȑȒȈ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓȈ Ȑ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȍȓȧ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ
șȊȖȐȝ ȋȕțșȕȣȝ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȖȊ
ǵȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȘȈȏ-
ȊȘȈȡȈȓȖ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ Ȑ șȈȔȖȋȖ ǶșȒȈȘȈ ǬȈȑȉȕȈ ǮȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȍȋȖ șȚȘȈșȚȤȦ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖȝȐȡȈȓ Ȑȝ ȕȖ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȐȊ șȊȖȍ Ȏȍ-
ȓȈȕȐȍ șȗțșȒȈȓ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ șȓȍȌȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȠȈȑȒȈ ȕȍ
ȗȘȐȟȐȕȐȓȈ ȐȔ ȊȘȍȌȈ
ǸȣȎȐȑ ǬȎȍȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȥȚȐȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ©ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊșȒȐȔȐ ȓȦ-
ȉȖȊȕȐȞȈȔȐª
ǴȍȎȌț ȗȘȖȟȐȔ ȐȔȐ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȓț-
ȟȍȕȐȧ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ Ȗ ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕȍª ȕȖ ȖȕȐ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȋȖȓȖș ȘȈșșȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȊȍȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȐȏȖȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȖ Ȋ
ȖșȖȉȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȉȍȏ ȖȒȖȕ ȖșȊȍȡȈȍȔȖȑ Ȑ ȌȕȍȔ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍ-
șȚȊȖȔ
Ƕ ǬȈȑȉȕȍ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȚȏȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ Ȗ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȍ ȒȘȈșȐ-
ȊȖȔ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖȔ
ǵȍ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ ȖȚȖȔșȚȐȓ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȑ ȗȐȘȈȚ Ȑ ȗȖȝȐȡȍȕȕȖȑ
ȐȔ ȚȈȕȞȖȊȡȐȞȍ ȝȖȚȧ ȖȕȈ Ȑ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȖȚȌȈȚȤșȧ ȍȔț
©ǬȘȈȒȖȕª ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȌȊȖȘȍ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȚȐȝȖȋȖ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȧ
Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȖȝ șȘȍȌȐ ȉȘȈȚȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖ-
ȗȘȧȚȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖ ȒȍȓȤȧȔ ǬȈȑȉȕ ȗȖșȓȈȓ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȠȈȑȒȐ ȖȉȢ-
ȧȊȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ, ȍșȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȕȈȝȐ șȍȑȟȈș ȕȍ ȊȣȑȌțȚ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚ
ȒȈȔȕȧ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȕȍ ȖȚ ȖȉȐȚȍȓȐ Ǭȓȧ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗțȡȍȕȈ
ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȉȖȔȉȈ Ȋ ȘȖȡț ȊȍȒȖȊȣȝ ȌțȉȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȉȘȈ-
ȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȋȘțȌț ȡȍȗȖȒ Ȑ ȔȍȓȒȖ ȐȏȓȖȔȈȕȕȣȝ ȊȍȚȊȍȑ
DzȖȋȌȈ șȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȌȊȖȘȍ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȍ ȚȘȧșțȡȐȍșȧ ȖȚ șȚȘȈ-
ȝȈ ȖȚȠȍȓȤȕȐȒȐ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȊȣȊȍȓȐ ȚȈȕȞȖȊȡȐȞț ȖȌȍȚțȦ Ȋ ȖȌȕț
ȋȈȏȖȊțȦ șȖȘȖȟȒț Ȑ ǬȈȑȉȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈșȚȖȧȚȍȓȦ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȧ
— ǶșȚȈȊȓȧȦ ȍȍ ȊȈȔ ȖȕȈ ȝȖȟȍȚ șȗȈșȈȚȤșȧ
ǪȣșȣȗȈȊȠȈȧ ȕȈ ȋȈȓȍȘȍȦ ȠȈȑȒȈ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȈ ȥȚȐ șȓȖȊȈ

173
ȋȘȖȔȒȐȔ ȝȖȝȖȚȖȔ Ȑ ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕª șȚȈȓ ȚȐȝȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȏ-
ȌțȝǴȖȕȈȝȐ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȖ șȚȘȈ-
ȝȖȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȖ ȊșȓȍȌ țȓȍȚȍȊȠȍȔț ©ǨȕȚȐȝȘȐșȚțª
ȅȒș-ȒȖȘȖȓȧ ǴȈȕțȥȓȧ ǬȈȑȉȕ ȊȣșȈȌȐȓ ȕȍȊȘȍȌȐȔȣȔ Ȋ Ǩȕ-
ȋȓȐȐ
_____
ǵȍȓȤȏȧ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȉȘȦșșȍȓȤșȒȖȔ ȔȍȎȌțȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȔ
șȢȍȏȌȍ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓȐșȤ ȚȖȓȒȖȊȣȍ ȘȍȟȐ Ǫ ȕȐȝ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐșȤ
șȚȘȈȝ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȕȕȖșȚȤ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ ǪȍȓȐȒȖȉȘȐȚȈȕȐȐ ȜȖȘȔțȓȐȘȖȊȈȓ
ȧșȕȖ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ ȉȍșșȐȓȐȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȈ ȗȘȐ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈ-
țȟȕȣȝ ȏȕȈȕȐȧȝ ȉȖȘȖȚȤșȧ ș ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕȖȔª
— ǵȈȔ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȤ Ȗ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȔȍȘȈȝ ȗȖȚȖȔț
ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐ ȌȈȕȕȣȝ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣ Ȑ ȖȉȖȘȖȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ǻ
ȕȈș ȏȈȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȏȈșȍȌȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȧ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȦ șȍȉȍ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȤșȧ ȍȡȍ
ȚȖȟȕȍȍ ǭșȓȐ șțȡȍșȚȊțȦȚ ȗȖȒȈ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȈ ȈȘȔȐȐ ȜȓȖȚȣ
ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ șȖȊșȍȔ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȚȖȘȋȖȊ-
ȓȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȌȍȕȍȎȕȖȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ ȍșȓȐ Ȕȣ ȎȐ-
ȊȍȔ ȍȡȍ Ȋ ȌȖȔȈȝ Ȑ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȎȐȊȍȔ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ ȚȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȝȖȚȐ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ȗȐȘȈȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȕȈș ȡȈȌȐȚ
ǸȈȏȊȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȗȕ ȧȊȐȚȤșȧ șȍȑȟȈș Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȏȌȈȕȐȍ Ȋ
ȋȘțȌț ȔțșȖȘȈ Ȉ ȕȈș șȈȔȐȝ Ȋ ȖȉȘȣȊȒȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȔȧșȈ"
ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ǨȕȋȓȐȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȔȒȕȍȚ Ȓ ȚȈȒȖȔț ȘȍȠȍȕȐȦ ȒȖȔȐȚȍ-
ȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣ ȊȣȏȊȈȚȤ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ȗȐ-
ȘȈȚȈ Ȑ ȗȖȊȓȍȟȤ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȦ ȍȋȖ țȎȈșȕȖȍ ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȍ ǸȈȏ Ȕȣ ȉȍș-
șȐȓȤȕȣ ȕȈȌȖ ȎȌȈȚȤ ȖȚȕȖșȧșȤ Ȓ ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕțª ȒȈȒ Ȓ ȘȈȏȘțȠȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ șȚȐȝȐȐ
— ǬȘțȋȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ — ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ ǫȍȘȔȈ-
ȕȐȐ — Ȋȣ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȓȐ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȖ ȏȈ ȚȊȖȘȧȡȐ-
ȔȐșȧ țȎȈșȈȔȐ" ǰ ȥȚȖ Ȕȣ șȓȣȠȐȔ ȖȚ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȖȑ ȕȈ-
ȞȐȐ ȒȈȒ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ"
— Ǩ Ȋȣ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȐȚȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕª ȘȈȏȉȐȓ ȊȈș ȕȈ-
ȋȖȓȖȊț"

174
— ǵȍȚ ȧ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊ
ȋȈȏȍȚȕȣȑ șȓțȝ ȟȚȖ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȔ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȣ
ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȔȐȐ ȏȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȧ Ȋ ȖȉȓȈșȚȐ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȈ
Ȑ ȚȍȖȘȐȐ șȐȓȣ ȚȧȎȍșȚȐ"
— ǵȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȗȘȍȔȐȐ ȥȚȐ ȉțȌțȚ ȊȣȌȈȊȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȊșȧȒȖȔț țȟȍȕȖȔț Ȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȉȣ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȗȕ ȕȐ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȓ
— ǵȖ ȗȘȐ țșȓȖȊȐȐ ȟȚȖ șȍȒȘȍȚ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȚȤ Ǩȕ-
ȋȓȐȐ"
— Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȥȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȣȔ
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȈ — ȔȧȋȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ ǸȖș-
șȐȐ — ȖșȚȈȊȤȚȍ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȣȍ șȟȍȚȣ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȗȉȡȍȑ
ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ȇ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ șȖȋȓȈșȍȕ ș țȊȈȎȈȍȔȣȔ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍ-
ȓȍȔ ǨȕȋȓȐȐ ǭșȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȐȕ șȗȖșȖȉ ȕȐȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȌȘȈ-
ȎȈȚȤ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ȗȐȘȈȚȈ Ȑ ȏȈȗȈșȠȐșȤ ȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȍȔ ȎȌȈȚȤ Ȑ
ȎȌȈȚȤ ǶȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȊȣȎȐȌȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȔȍȚȖȌȈ ȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȈȔȐ
ǹȊȍȘȝ ȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȦ șȍȉȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȊȈȠȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȕȈțȟ-
ȕȣȑ ȈȕȈȓȐȏ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȗșȐȝȐȈȚȘȈ ǷȖ ȍȋȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȦ,
ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȑ ȗȐȘȈȚ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ Ȋșȧ ȍȋȖ ȠȈȑȒȈ ȖȌȍȘȎȐȔȣ ȖșȚ-
ȘȣȔ ȗșȐȝȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȘȈșșȚȘȖȑșȚȊȖȔ ǺȈȒȖȊ ȊȣȊȖȌ Ȑȏ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȖȊ
ȥȚȖȋȖ ȉȍȏțȔȞȈ ǵȖ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȤ ȥȚȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȚȤșȧ șȓȐ-
ȠȒȖȔ ȌȖȓȋȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȌȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȊșȒȖȘȍ Ȓ ȘȖȒȖȊȖȑ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȒȍ ȚȖ
ȍșȚȤ Ȓ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ
ǵȈ ȥȚț ȘȍȟȤ ȕȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȊȖȏȘȈȎȍȕȐȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȔȍȞ
ȉțȘȒȕțȓ ©ǹȓȈȊȧȕșȒȐȍ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȐ!»
ǹȓȖȊȖ Ȋȏȧȓ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ ȇȗȖȕȐȐ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȖ-
ȍȒȚ ȊșȍȔȐȘȕȖȑ șȍȚȐ ȠȗȐȖȕȈȎȈ ȏȈ ȏȍȔȕȣȔȐ ȈȋȍȕȚȈȔȐ ©ǬȘȈ-
ȒȖȕȈª
DzȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȓ ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȦ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒ Ȑ ȖȚȌȈȓ
ȗȈȒȍȚ
Ǫșȍ șȔȖȓȒȓȐ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȊ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ Ȑȏ-
ȊȍșȚȐȍ
ǷȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȘȈșȗȍȟȈȚȈȓ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȕȖ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȓ
Ȑ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓ ȉțȔȈȋț Ȑȏ ȘțȒ
— ǿȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ" — ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓȖșȤ ȖȚȖȊșȦȌț
— ǻȓȤȚȐȔȈȚțȔ — țȗȈȊȠȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈ-
ȚȍȓȤ

175
— ǿȐȚȈȑȚȍ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȟȐȚȈȑȚȍ
— ǵȍ ȔȖȋț ǷțșȚȤ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȑȏ ȊȈș
ǬȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ
ʛˈˉˇ˖ː˃˓ˑˇːˑˏ˖ ˍˑˏˋ˕ˈ˕˖
ˆˑ˔˖ˇ˃˓˔˕˅ˈːːˑˌ ˑ˄ˑ˓ˑː˞
ʞ˓ˑ˛ˎˑ ˖ˉˈ ˇˑ˔˕˃˕ˑ˚ːˑ ˅˓ˈˏˈːˋ ˔ ˕ˈ˘ ˒ˑ˓ǡ ˍ˃ˍ ˢ ː˃˚˃ˎ
˅ˑˊˇ˖˛ː˖ˡ ˍ˃ˏ˒˃ːˋˡǤ ʑ˞ ˋˏˈˎˋ ːˈ ˓˃ˊ ˔ˎ˖˚˃ˌ ˖˄ˈˇˋ˕˟˔ˢ ˅
ˏˑˈˏ ˏˑˆ˖˜ˈ˔˕˅ˈ ˋ ˅ ˄ˈ˔˒ˑˎˈˊːˑ˔˕ˋ ˔ˑ˒˓ˑ˕ˋ˅ˎˈːˋˢǤ
ʤˑ˚˖ ˋ˔˒˞˕˃˕˟ ˕ˈ˒ˈ˓˟ ˅˃˔ ˋ ˖˄ˈˇˋ˕˟˔ˢ ˅ ˅˃˛ˈˌ ˒ˑˍˑ˓-
ːˑ˔˕ˋ ˏˑˋˏ ˅ˈˎˈːˋˢˏǤ ʛːˈ ːˈ ː˓˃˅ˋ˕˔ˢ ˔ˑ˅˓ˈˏˈːː˞ˌ ˆˑ˔˖-
ˇ˃˓˔˕˅ˈːː˞ˌ ˔˕˓ˑˌ ˈ˅˓ˑ˒ˈˌ˔ˍˋ˘ ˇˈ˓ˉ˃˅Ǥ ʞ˓ˋˍ˃ˊ˞˅˃ˡ ˋˊˏˈ-
ːˋ˕˟ ˈˆˑ ˒ˑ ˔ˎˈˇ˖ˡ˜ˈˌǡ ˅˞˓˃˄ˑ˕˃ːːˑˌ ˏːˑˡ ˒˓ˑˆ˓˃ˏˏˈǣ
Ǥ ʒˈ˓ˏ˃ːˋˢǤ ʓˑˎˉː˃ ˄˞˕˟ ːˈˏˈˇˎˈːːˑ ˖˚˓ˈˉˇˈː˃ ˇˈˏˑ-
ˍ˓˃˕ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍ˃ˢ ˓ˈ˔˒˖˄ˎˋˍ˃ǡ ː˃ˋ˄ˑˎˈˈ ˔ˑˑ˕˅ˈ˕˔˕˅˖ˡ˜˃ˢ ːˈˏˈ˙-
ˍˑˏ˖ ˇ˖˘˖ǡ ˋ ˒˓ˈˊˋˇˈː˕ˑˏ ˋˊ˄˓˃ː ʐˈ˄ˈˎ˟Ǥ
Ǥ ʣ˓˃ː˙ˋˢǤ ʒˎ˖˄ˑˍˑ ˖˄ˈˉˇˈːː˞ˌǡ ˚˕ˑ ˍ˃ˉˇ˞ˌ ˗˓˃ː˙˖ˊ ˅
ˇ˖˛ˈ ˏˈ˚˕˃ˈ˕ ˑ˄ ˋˏ˒ˈ˓˃˕ˑ˓ˈǡ ˒ˑ˅ˈˎˈ˅˃ˡ ˖ːˋ˚˕ˑˉˋ˕˟ ˓ˈ˔˒˖˄-
ˎˋˍ˃ː˔ˍˋˌ ˔˕˓ˑˌ ˋ ˖˚˓ˈˇˋ˕˟ ːˈˑˆ˓˃ːˋ˚ˈːː˖ˡ ˏˑː˃˓˘ˋˡǡ
ˋˊ˄˓˃˅ ː˃ ˒˓ˈ˔˕ˑˎ ˕ˈ˒ˈ˓ˈ˛ːˈˆˑ ˋˏ˒ˈ˓˃˕ˑ˓˃ ˆˈ˓ˏ˃ː˔ˍˑˆˑǡ ˍ
ˍˑ˕ˑ˓ˑˏ˖ ˢ ˒˓ˑːˋˍː˖˕ ˚˖˅˔˕˅ˑˏ ˋ˔ˍ˓ˈːːˈˌ ˄ˎ˃ˆˑˇ˃˓ːˑ˔˕ˋǤ
Ǥ ʏ˅˔˕˓ˋˢǤ ʗˏ˒ˈ˓ˋˢ ˖ːˋ˚˕ˑˉ˃ˈ˕˔ˢǤ ʜˈˏˈ˙ˍ˃ˢ ˈˈ ˚˃˔˕˟
˒˓ˋ˔ˑˈˇˋːˢˈ˕˔ˢ ˍ ˆˈ˓ˏ˃ː˔ˍˑˌ ˓ˈ˔˒˖˄ˎˋˍˈǤ ʝ˔˕˃ˎ˟ː˞ˈ ˚˃˔˕ˋ
˒˖˔˕˟ ˖˒˓˃˅ˎˢˡ˕˔ˢǡ ˍ˃ˍ ˘ˑ˕ˢ˕ǡ ˅˒˓ˈˇ˟ ˇˑ ˑ˔ˑ˄ˑˆˑ ˏˑˈˆˑ ˓˃˔-
˒ˑ˓ˢˉˈːˋˢǤ
Ǥ ʞˑ˓˕˖ˆ˃ˎˋˢǤ ʑˑ˔˔˕˃ː˃˅ˎˋ˅˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ː˃ ˒˓ˈ˔˕ˑˎˈ ʛ˃ːˡˠˎ˟
ʐ˓˃ˆ˃ː˙˔ˍˋˌǡ ˍ˃ˍ ːˈˑˆ˓˃ːˋ˚ˈːː˞ˌ ˏˑː˃˓˘Ǥ ʮ ˈˆˑ ˒ˑˎˡ˄ˋˎ ˊ˃
˅ˈ˔ˈˎ˞ˌ ː˓˃˅ ˋ ˘ˑ˚˖ ː˃ˆ˓˃ˇˋ˕˟Ǥ
ʠ˚ˋ˕˃ˡ ˒ˑˍ˃ ˇˑ˔˕˃˕ˑ˚ː˞ˏ ˋ ˠ˕ˋ˘ ˏˑˋ˘ ˒ˑ˅ˈˎˈːˋˌǤ ʞ˓ˈˇ-
˒ˋ˔˞˅˃ˡ ˒˓ˋ˔˕˖˒ˋ˕˟ ˍ ˑ˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅ˎˈːˋˡ ˋ˘ ːˈ ˒ˑˊˇːˈˈǡ ˍ˃ˍ ˚ˈ-
˓ˈˊ ˏˈ˔ˢ˙Ǥ ʮ˅ˎˡ˔˟ ː˃ ˒ˑˏˑ˜˟Ǥ ʑ ˒˓ˑ˕ˋ˅ːˑˏ ˔ˎ˖˚˃ˈ ˊ˃˔˕˃˅ˎˡ
˔ˋˎˑˌǤ

ʑ ˕ˈ˚ˈːˋˈ ˠ˕ˑˆˑ ˏˈ˔ˢ˙˃ ːˋˍ˃ˍˋ˘ ˅˞˔˕˖˒ˎˈːˋˌ Ǽʓ˓˃ˍˑː˃ǽ
ːˈ ˄˖ˇˈ˕Ǥ
ʙ˃˒ˋ˕˃ː Ǽʓ˓˃ˍˑː˃ǽ ʝ˔ˍ˃˓ ʓ˃ˌ˄ː
ȋˑː ˉˈ ʏ˓˕˖˓ ʣˈ˓ˆˡ˔˔ˑːȌǤ
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȉȍȏțȔȐȍ ȟȐșȚȍȑȠȍȍ ȉȍȏțȔȐȍ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒ-
ȕțȓ ȘțșșȒȐȑ. — ǭȋȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȖșȈȌȐȚȤ Ȋ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȑ ȌȖȔ
— ǷȖȗȘȖȉțȑȚȍ ȗȖșȈȌȐȚȍ — ȘȈșșȍȘȌȐȓșȧ ȕȍȔȍȞ
— ǿȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ" — ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȕȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȊȚȖȘȧȓȐ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȐ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȝ ȌȍȘȎȈȊ
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȈ — ȏȈȧȊȐȓ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ. — ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȖș-
ȚȈȕȖȊȐȔ ȕȍ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȣȊȈȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖȋȖ țȓȤȚȐȔȈȚțȔȈ
ǷȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ
— ǪȍȘȕȖ ǪȍȘȕȖ — șȖȋȓȈșȐȓȐșȤ Ȋșȍ ȕȍ ȌȖșȓțȠȈȊ
ǵȖ ȕȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȘȖȒȖȊȈȧ ȊȍșȚȤ ȖȉȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ
ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ

177
XI
ǯǼǷ ©ǻǮǾǰǮǹǮª ȟ ©DzdzǹȊȂǶǻǼǺª
ǼȘȐȞ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȤșȧ ȍȡȍ ȉȓȐȎȍ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋ ȉȍ-
ȓȖȔ șȊȍȚȖȊȖȔ ȠȈȘȍ ȧșȕȍȍ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȓșȧ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ șȐȋȈȘȖ-
ȊȐȌȕȣȑ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ ǹ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȍȋȖ ȊȣșȖȊȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȒȖȓȍȕ-
ȟȈȚȣȍ ȘȣȟȈȋȐ ș ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȏȊȍȘȐȕȣȝ ȒȖȋȚȍȑ ǸȣȟȈȋȐ
ȥȚȐ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȐșȤ șȋȐȉȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ șțșȚȈȊȈȝ ȠȈȘȐȓȐ ȗȖ Ȍȕț ȏȈȘȣ-
ȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ șȝȊȈȚȐȊ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ țȒȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȊȓȈȟȈ șȝȊȈ-
ȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ ȊȕțȚȘȤ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȑ ©șȐȋȈȘȣª DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈ
Ȍȕȍ ȔȖȘȧ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȖșȤ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȣ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȍ
ȠȍȊȍȓȐȚ ȡțȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ Ȑ ȏȈȕȧȚȖ ȖȝȖȚȖȑ ȕȈ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȎȐȊȖȚ-
ȕȣȝǶȗȣȚȕȣȑ ȋȓȈȏ ǼȘȐȞȈ șȘȈȏț țȏȕȈȓ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȍ șțȌȕȖ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȍ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȍȚ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȗȘȐ-
șȗȖșȖȉȓȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȟȍȔ ©ǵȈȘȊȈȓª
ǼȘȐȞ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȉȍșȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȟȕȖȔț ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜț Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș
ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ șȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ș ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕȖȔª Ƕȕ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ Ȋșȍ,
ȟȚȖ țȊȐȌȈȓ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȈȝ dzȈȔȈȕȠȈ
ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ ǼȘȐȞț
ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȓȐȞȈ ǶșȒȈȘȈ ǬȈȑȉȕȈ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȉȣ Ȋ țȎȈș Ǫșȍ
ȖȕȖ ȕȈȓȐȓȖșȤ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓȐșȤ ȖȋȕȍȔ ȉȍȠȍȕșȚȊȈ
DzȈȒ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȕȍ Ȗȕ ȖȌȐȕ — ȊȓȈȌȣȒȈ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ Ȑ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȋȖ
ȞȈȘșȚȊȈ" ȅȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ șȕȍșȚȐ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȤșȒȈȧ ȋȖȘȌȣȕȧ ȊȖȏ-
ȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ȗȐȘȈȚȈ
ǼȘȐȞ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȖȚȊȍȚ ©ǵȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȈȚȈȒȖȊȈȚȤ ǹȗȍȠț șȈȔ
ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤª
ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȔțȚȐȓșȧ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȚȘțșȖȔ ȕȖ Ȋșȧ-
ȒȈȧ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȟțȎȌȈ ȍȋȖ ȌțȠȍ ȗȖȋȘțȎȍȕȕȖȑ Ȋ ȕȈțȟȕȣȍ
ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȐȧ
ǼȘȐȞ ȗȖȏȊȈȓ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȈ
— ǵȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȈȚȈȒȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȍ șțȌȕȖ ȇ ȕȍ
ȏȕȈȦ ș ȟȍȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȚȤ
ǷȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȗȖȚȍȘ ȘțȒȐ
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȐȚ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȌȘȈȒȈ"
— ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ, ș ȟȍȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȚȤ

178
— ȅȋȍ ǷȖȓȖȎȐȚȍșȤ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȇ Ȑȝ șȍȑȟȈș țȋȖ-
ȡțǵȈ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȍ șțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȈ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȈȧ
ȗțȠȒȈ ǷȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ șȈȔ ȕȈȎȈȓ ȒȕȖȗȒț ǵȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȍȔȖȋȖ ȥȜ-
ȜȍȒȚȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ Ǫ ȚȖȓȡȍ ȊȖȌȣ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȦȡȍȑ Ȓ ȚȖ-
Ȕț Ȏȍ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȌȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȘȈȏȘȧȌ
ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓ ȓȐȠȤ Ȗȉȡȍȍ șȖȚȘȧșȍȕȐȍ ȊȖȌȧȕȖȑ ȔȈșșȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ
ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȗțșȍ ©ǵȈȘȊȈȓȈª
— ǶșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȍșȤ — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ǼȘȐȞ — Ǵȣ șȈȔȐ șȍȉȧ ȗȖ-
ȋțȉȐȔ ȥȚȐȔȐ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȈȔȐ
ǺȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ șțȌȕȖ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ Ȑȝ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȖ Ǫșȍ ȘȣȟȈ-
ȋȐ ȊȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȊȕțȚȘȤ Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ, ȜȖȘȔȈ șȊȍȚȖȊȖȋȖ ȠȈȘȈ
ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȈșȤ Ƕȕ șȚȈȓ țȌȓȐȕȧȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȚȧȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȓ ©ǵȈȘȊȈ-
ȓțª ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȓȖȟȕȖ-ȉȍȓȣȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ
— ǵȈș ȖȚȒȘȣȓȐ — ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǼȘȐȞ
— ǻȌȈȘȐȔ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȕȖșȖȊȣȔ ȚȈȘȈȕȖȔ
ǰ, ȕȍ ȌȖȎȐȌȈȧșȤ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ
ȘȣȟȈȋȈȔ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȔ șțȌȕȖȔ ©ǵȈȘȊȈȓª ȒȘțȚȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ
Ȑ ȘȐȕțȓșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
ǼȘȐȞ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȎȔțȘȐȓșȧ
DzȖȘȗțș ©ǵȈȘȊȈȓȈª ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ ǷȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȚȘȍșȒ
ǹ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȊȉȍȎȈȓ ȔȈȚȘȖș
— DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ȋ șțȌȕȍ ȗȘȖȉȖȐȕȈ Ǫ ȊȍȘȝȕȍȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȊȖȌȈ
ȉȤȍȚ ȜȖȕȚȈȕȖȔ
— ǹȒȖȘȍȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȢȍȔ
ǼȘȐȞ șȈȔ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȓ șȚȘȍȓȒț ȕȈ ȔȍȌȕȖȔ ȒȘțȋȍ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ©ǵȈȘȊȈȓª ȗȖȚȍȘȧȊȠȐȑ Ȋȍș Ȋȣ-
ȕȣȘȕțȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȔȖȘȧ ǷȘȖȉȖȐȕȈ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍȏȕȈ-
ȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȕȖ ȟȈșȚȤ ȒȖȘȗțșȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȣȋȕțȚȈ DzȈȒȐȔ ȖȘțȌȐȍȔ
ȉȣȓ ȕȈȕȍșȍȕ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ țȌȈȘ"
ǼȘȐȞ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚ șȚȖȓȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ
ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȝ șțȌȖȊ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȘȈȋ ȗȖșȚȘȈȌȈȓ ȍȡȍ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ"
ǼȘȐȞ ȊȣȑȌȧ Ȑȏ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȋȖ ȓȦȒȈ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓșȧ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ǵȈ
ȉȓȐȏȒȖȔ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘșȒȐȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ Ȑ ȋțș-
ȚȖȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȌȣȔ Țȧȕțȓșȧ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ ȗȖȓȖșȖȑ
ǷȈșșȈȎȐȘȣ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ șȚȘȈȕȕțȦ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕțȦ ȓȖȌȒț ǴȕȖȋȐȍ
șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ Ȋ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȐ ǴȖȓȖȌȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ Ȋ șȖȓȖȔȍȕȕȖȑ
ȠȓȧȗȒȍ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȔȈȝȕțȓȈ ȗȓȈȚȒȖȔ

180
ǴȖȘȍ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȘȍȌȒȖ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ Ȋ dzȈȔȈȕȠȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ
ȇȘȒȖȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ șȊȍȚȐȓȖ ȊșȍȔ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȖ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ ȐȋȘȈȧ ȓțȟȈ-
ȔȐ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȈȝ ȌȖȉȘȣȝ Ȑ ȏȓȣȝ ȕȈ ȔȐȘȕȖȔ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȍ Ȑ ȕȈ Ȕȍ-
ȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȗȐȘȈȚșȒȖȋȖ șțȌȕȈ
— ȅȝ ȗțșȚȐȚȤ ȉȣ Ȑȝ Ȋșȍȝ ȒȖ Ȍȕț — ȗȘȖșȒȘȐȗȍȓ ȗȖȔȖȡ-
ȕȐȒ ȏȈ șȗȐȕȖȦ ǼȘȐȞȈ
ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȗȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȘȐ ȧȘȒȖȔ șȖȓȕȍȟ-
ȕȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ ȉȣȓȖ țȎȈșȕȖ ȖȌțȚȓȖȊȈȚȖ-ȉȓȍȌ-
ȕȖȍ ȖȚ ȏȓȖțȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȧ ȈȓȒȖȋȖȓȍȔ ș ȋȖȘȧȡȐȔȐ ȏȓȖȉȖȑ ȕȈ
Ȋșȍ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȍȍ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ǰ ǼȘȐȞț ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ
ȊȖȌț țȑȚȐ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȠȈȑȒȐ ȗȖȗȈșȚȤ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ȓȦ-
Ȍȍȑ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȝ Ȑ ȗȓȖȝȐȝ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȓȈȌȍȦȡȐȝ
ȥȚȐȔ șȊȍȘȝȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȔ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȖȔ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȍȔȣȔ ȓȐȠȤ
ȊȖ ȏȓȖ ȔȐȘț
ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȔȍȚȘȈȝ Ȋ ȚȘȍȝșȚȈȝ ȖȚ ©ǵȈȘȊȈȓȈª ȊșȒȐȗȍȓȈ ȊȖ-
ȌȈ ȏȈȒȓȖȒȖȚȈȓȈ ȉȍȓȈȧ ȗȍȕȈ Ȑ Ȑȏ ȕȍȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȉȘȖȕȐȘȖ-
ȊȈȕȕȈȧ șȗȐȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȋȖ șțȌȕȈ
— ǩțȌȍȚ ȐȋȘȈ — ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ — DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ șȒȖ-
Șȍȍ ȊȕȐȏ ǵȈȌȖ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȤ ȓȦȒ
ǼȘȐȞ ȗȍȘȍȌȊȐȕțȓ șȚȘȍȓȒț ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ©ǵȈȘȊȈȓª ȠțȔȕȖ
ȊȣȘȊȈȊȠȐșȤ Ȑȏ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȑ ȔȖȘȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȌțȝ
ǷȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȐȓ șȘȈȏț Ȑȏ ȌȊțȝ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗț-
ȠȍȒ ǸȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȖȋȓțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȋȘȖȝȖȚ ȔȖȘȍ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȏȓȖșȤ
ȊȖȘȖȕȒȖȑ Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȗȖȌȕȧȓȖșȤ ȞȍȓȖȑ ȋȖȘȖȑ ǷȖ ȊȖȓȕȈȔ ȏȈ-
ȗȘȣȋȈȓȐ ȔȖȓȕȐȐ
ǵȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤșȒȖȍ șțȌȕȖ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȖ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȕțȓȖ
ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ țȎȍ Ȋ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ
ȖȕȖ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȖșȤ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȌțȝ
ǼȘȐȞ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ ǯȕȈȟȐȚ, ȚȈȑȕȈ ǶșȒȈȘȈ ǬȈȑȉ-
ȕȈ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȔ" ǵȍ Ȗȕ ȖȌȐȕ ȊȓȈȌȣȒȈ ȔȐȘȈ"
ǵȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȍ șțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖșȚȘȖȍȕȖ DzȖȕȌȘȈȚȐȍȔ ǵȍȊȍ-
șȍȓȣȔ ǪȖȏȌțȠȕȈȧ ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȒȈ ©ǹȖȒȖȓª ȗȖȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓȈ ȖȋȘȖȔ-
ȕȣȝ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ǯȈȓȖȎȐȊȠȐ ȍȍ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȍ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȊ ȗȖȌșȟȍȚ ǵȍ-
Ȋȍșȍȓȣȑ țȉȍȌȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓ ȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȌȧȌȍȑ ǸȖȏȣ șȖșȚȈȊ-
ȓȧȍȚ ȚȘȍȚȤ șȚȖȐȔȖșȚȐ ©ǹȖȒȖȓȈª
ǵȈȟȈȚȤ ȉȖȘȤȉț ș ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȔ șțȌȕȖȔ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȘȈșȗȖ-
ȓȈȋȈȓ Ȑ ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ ȏȕȈȟȐȓȖ ȗțșȒȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȘȐșȒȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ
ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȗȖȉȍȌȈ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȖȉȍșȗȍȟȍȕȈ

181
ǵȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȐȏȖȉȘȍșȚȐ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȖȊȖȍ ǰ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ ȐȏȖ-
ȉȘȍȓ ǷȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȧ ȐȏțȟȈȚȤ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒțȦ șȐȓț Ȑ ȌȍȓȈȧ Ȗȗȣ-
Țȣ Ȗȕ țȉȍȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ șȖȏȌȈȚȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍș-
ȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȏȖȕț ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔțȦ ȖȉȖȓȖȟȒț Ȋ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȊȐȉȘȈȞȐȦ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȖȔȈȚȍȘȐȐ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȓȤȕȖ țȊȍ-
ȓȐȟȐȊȈȚȤ Ȑ țȔȍȕȤȠȈȚȤ ǷȘȐ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȔ ȟȐșȓȍ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȕȐȑ Ȋ
șȍȒțȕȌț ȏȖȕȈ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȍȔȖȑ ȕȍ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȓȧ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȈȘȚȐȓȓȍȘȐȑșȒȐȝ șȕȈȘȧȌȖȊ ȕȖ Ȑ
Ȍȓȧ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȉȖȔȉ ǷȘȐ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȍȔ țȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȐȐ ȟȐ-
șȓȈ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȕȐȑ șȈȔȣȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȏȘȐȚȍȓȧ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓșȧ
Ȋ ȚțȔȈȕȕȖȍ ȗȧȚȕȖ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ-
ȊȐȌȐȔȣȔ
ǵȖ ȔȖȋ ȓȐ ©ǹȖȒȖȓª ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȏȖȕȖȑ șȈȔ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȗțȠȒȈȔȐ" ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ ȘȍȠȐȓ Ȑ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȖȗ-
ȘȖș ǹȚȖȐȓȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȈ ȗȘȖȘȍȏȈȚȤ ȏȖ-
ȕț ȗțȟȒȖȔ șȐȓȖȊȣȝ ȓțȟȍȑ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȥȚț ȚȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȈȔȉȘȈȏț-
Șț ȔȖȎȕȖ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ Ȑȏ ȗțȠȍȒ
ǵȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȑ ȗȖȌȖȑȌȍȚ Ȓ ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕțª ©ǹȖȒȖȓª Ȑ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚ
ȍȋȖ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ țȌȈȘȖȔ. Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓȖ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȒȖȓȖș-
șȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȏȈȚȘȈȚ ȕȈ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ
ǿȚȖȉȣ ȌȖȉȣȚȤ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ ȗȖșȚȘȖȐȓ Ȑ șȗțșȚȐȓ
șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȍ șțȌȕȖ ©ǬȍȓȤȜȐȕª ǵȈ ȕȍȔ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ
Ȗȕ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȔ ǰȚȈȓȐȐ Ȑ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ ȘȈȏȣșȒȐȊȈȧ ȔȍșȚȖ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ
©ǪȍȓȐȒȖȑ ȈȘȔȈȌȣª ȕȈ ȗȖȚȖȕțȊȠȐȝ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȌȖȓȎ-
ȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚȤșȧ ȔȕȖȋȖȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȕȈȧ ȒȈȏȕȈ
ǻȊȐȌȍȊ ©ǵȈȘȊȈȓª ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ șȘȈȏț ȌȖȋȈȌȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ
șțȌȕȖ ǶșȒȈȘȈ ǬȈȑȉȕȈ ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ©ǵȈȘȊȈȓȈª ȕȈ-
ȝȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȑ șȈȔ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȑ ȗȐȘȈȚ ǩȍȠȍȕȈȧ ȏȓȖȉȈ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȈ
ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȔ Ƕȕ ȏȈȉȣȓ Ȗ Ȋșȍȝ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȓȈȕȈȝ DzȘȖȊȤ țȌȈȘȐȓȈ Ȋ
ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȏȈȚțȔȈȕȐȓȈ ȘȈșșțȌȖȒ ǰ Ȗȕ ȗȘȍȕȍȉȘȍȋȈȧ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȖ-
ȘȖȎȕȖșȚȧȔȐ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȖȟȍȘȚȧ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȋ ȉȖȘȤȉț ș ȊȘȈȋȖȔ
©ǬȍȓȤȜȐȕª ȊȏȓȍȚȍȓ ȊȣȠȍ ©ǵȈȘȊȈȓȈª Ȑ ȌȈȓ ȗȖ ȕȍȔț ȏȈȓȗ
Ȑȏ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȖȘțȌȐȑ ǵȈ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȍ țȎȍ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
țȌȈȓȐȊȠȍȔșȧ ȖȚ ȔȍșȚȈ ȉȐȚȊȣ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖșȤ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ șȖ-
ȚȘȧșȍȕȐȍ ǶȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȠȈȘȣ ȓȖȗȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȧșȤ
ȉțȒȍȚȈȔȐ ȔȖȓȕȐȑ
©ǵȈȘȊȈȓª ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ȏȈȓȗȖȔ ǶȉȈ șțȌȕȈ
ȚȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȠȕțȦ ȊȣșȖȚț ȚȖ ȕȣȘȧȓȐ Ȋ ȊȖȌț Ǵȍ-

șȚȖ ȉȖȧ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȒȐȗȧȡȐȑ ȒȖȚȍȓ ȊȖȌȣ
ǷȈȘȖȝȖȌ ȗȖ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȐȦ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȖȊ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ǪșȍȔ
ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȐșȝȖȌ ȥȚȖȑ șȊȍȘȝȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ǵȍ-
ȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ șȖȖȘțȎȍȕȐȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ ȘțȒ
ǶȉȈ șțȌȕȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȎȐȊȣȔȐ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈȔȐ ȐȏȊȍȘȋȕțȚȣȔȐ
ȗȈșȚȤȦ ȈȌȈ
ǪȌȘțȋ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȍșȔȖȓȒȈȍȔȖȋȖ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȈ ©ǵȈȘȊȈȓª ȖȗțșȚȐȓ-
șȧ ȕȖșȖȔ ȊȕȐȏ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ Ȗȕ ș ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ-
ȚȖȑ șȚȈȓ ȗȈȌȈȚȤ Ȑ Ȑșȟȍȏ șȘȍȌȐ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ Ȋșȗȍȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȕ
ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȓ ȕȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȦ ȞȍȕȖȦ ©ǬȍȓȤȜȐȕª ȗȖȓț-
ȟȐȓ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ ȗȖȊȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȧ ǶȉȈ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȚȖȘȈ ȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȥȓȍȒ-
ȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȣ Ǫ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ ȏȐȧȓȐ ȖȋȘȖȔ-
ȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȉȖȐȕȣ ǬȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗțșȚȐȊ
ȓȐȠȤ Ȋ ȝȖȌ ȏȈȗȈș șȋțȡȍȕȕȖȑ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȖȔȈȚȍȘȐȐ ȕȖ șțȌȕȖ ȍȌ-
ȊȈ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖșȚțȗȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȍȋȖ
Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȕȖ ȕȍ ȌȖȝȖȌȧ ȌȖ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȓțȊȍȘșȚȣ ©ǬȍȓȤȜȐȕª țȗȈȓ
Ȋ ȊȖȌț Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȚȖȕțȚȤ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ țșȗȍȓȐ Ȋȣ-
șȒȖȟȐȚȤ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤșȧ ȊȗȓȈȊȤ
ǽȖȘȖȠȐȍ ȗȓȖȊȞȣ ȖȕȐ șȒȖȘȖ ȊȣȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȉȘȍȎȕȣȑ ȗȍ-
șȖȒ ǹȔțȚȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈ ȌțȠȍ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȖȋȖ ǿȚȖ Ȗȕ ȉțȌȍȚ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ
ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȉȍȏ ©ǬȍȓȤȜȐȕȈª ȉȍȏ șȘȍȌșȚȊ" Ƕȕ Ƞȍȓ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȕțȘȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț
ǵȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȕȈȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȚțȟȈ ȖȚȉȘȈșȣȊȈȧ ȖȋȘȖȔ-
ȕțȦ ȚȍȕȤ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț.
Ƕȕ ȍȡȍ țșȗȍȓ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ
— ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕª! — ȊșȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȋ țȎȈșȍ
ǵȖ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȉȘȍȏȍȕȚ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȗȧȚȐ
șȗȈșȠȐȔșȧ ȖȚ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȒȘțȠȍȕȐȧ Ǩ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ ȝȖȚȍȓ
ȊȣșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȤșȧ Ȗȕ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȌȍȘȎȈȚ ȟȤȐ-
ȚȖ ȘțȒȐ
ǪȖȚ ȏȈȚȣȒȈȦȚ ȍȔț ȘȖȚ ȚȘȧȗȒȖȑ ȏȈȊȧȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȋȧ-
ȎțȚ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȕȖȋȐ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȕȍșțȚ.

183
X
ǹǶȄǼǺ Ǹ ǹǶȄȁ
— ǯȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȑȚȍ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȍȑȠȐȑ DzȖȕȌȘȈȚȐȑ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊȐȟ
ǵȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȓ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤșȧ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȝȖȚȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ Ȗ
ȊȈș ș ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖșȚȤȦ Ǫșȍ ȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖȌȍȓȣȊȈȍȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
DzȖȕȌȘȈȚȐȑ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊȐȟ" ǬȈ ȕȍȌȖșțȋ ȉȣȓȖ șȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȗ ȊȈ-
ȠȍȔ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖȔ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍ Ǩ Ȋȣ ȊȖȚ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ-
ȚȍȧȓȐ ǺȖȎȍ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȐȓȐ ȔȍȟȚț" ǶȟȍȕȤ ȎȈȓȍȦ ȟȚȖ ȊȈȠȍ
ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȍ șțȌȕȖ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȖ ǵȖ Ȋșȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȒȖȕ-
ȟȈȍȚșȧ ǼȘȐȞ ȔȖȑ ȓȦȉȐȔȍȞ ȚȖȎȍ șȗȈșșȧ Ȋȣȗȓȣȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝ-
ȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȧ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȓ ǰȕȈȟȍ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȗȖȋȐȉ ǼȘȐȞ.
ǷȘȐȚȊȖȘȕȖ-ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ǶșȒȈȘȈ ǬȈȑȉȕȈ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ
ȖȔȘȈȟȐȓȖșȤ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȍ ȉȓȍșȕțȓȐ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ șȐȌȍȓ Ȗȗț-
șȚȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȍ șȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒȈ Ȑ țȗȖȘȕȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ
— ǷȖȔȕȐȚȍ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȍȑȠȐȑ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ Ȕȣ șȐȌȍȓȐ Ȋ ȔȈ-
ȓȍȕȤȒȖȔ ȗȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋșȒȖȔ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȍ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȑ ȧ ȝȖȘȖȠ ȕȍ
țȋȖȡț ȊȈș ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȖȔ
ǬȈȑȉȕ ȗȖȏȊȖȕȐȓ Ȑ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȌȐȓșȧ
— ǰȚȈȒ Ȕȣ șȐȌȍȓȐ Ȋ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȍ Ȑ Ȋȣ ȘȐșȖȊȈȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ
ȔȕȖȦ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț ȉțȌțȡȍȋȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȈȠȍ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȍ
ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȐȚșȧ Ȑ Ȋȣ șȌȍȓȈȍȚȍșȤ ȊȓȈȌȣȒȖȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ ǫȘȈȕȐȞȣ
ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȈȚșȧ ǩțȌȍȚ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȈ ȊȍȓȐȒȈȧ ȊșȍȔȐȘȕȈȧ
ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȈ ǷȘȖȓȍȚȈȘȐȐ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȘȈȕ, șȖȍȌȐȕȧȑȚȍșȤ ǷȖȚȖȔ
ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȊȖȌȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ șȖȞȐȈȓȐȏȔȈ DzȖȕȌȘȈȚȐȑ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ Ȋ
ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȌȖȉȘȖȋȖ ȋȍȕȐȧ ȖȉȓȈȋȖȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊțȍȚ Ȋșȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍ-
șȚȊȖ ǷȖȊșȦȌț ȊȖȞȈȘȧȚșȧ ȗȖȒȖȑ Ȑ ȔȐȘ ǸȈȊȕȖȗȘȈȊȐȍ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕ Ǫșȍ ȉțȌțȚ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȣȝ ȖȌȍȎȌȈȝ ȍșȚȤ ȖȌȐȕȈ-
ȒȖȊțȦ ȗȐȠț ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȣȔȐ țȌȖȉșȚȊȈȔȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ.
ǰ ȊșȍȋȖ ȌȊȈ ȟȈșȈ ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȚȘțȌȈ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ ǴȈșȚȍȘșȒȐȍ
ȏȈȊȖȌȖȊ ȉțȌțȚ ȘȈșȗȐșȈȕȣ ȓțȟȠȐȔȐ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈȔȐ ǺȘțȌ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȚȐȚșȧ Ȋ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ ǽȈ ȝȈ ȝȈ ǬȈ ȊȍȌȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȊȈȠȍȔ
ȘȈȦ șȖ șȒțȒȐ ȗȖȔȘȍȠȤ ȔȐȓȍȑȠȐȑ ǷȘȐȏȕȈȦșȤ ȊȈȔ ȖȚȒȘȖ-
ȊȍȕȕȖ ȧ ȐșȗțȋȈȓșȧ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȗȓȈȕȖȊ Ǩ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ
ȊȖȌȊȖȘȐȚșȧ ȗȖȊșȦȌț ȥȚȖȚ ȖȉȡȍȗȖȓȍȏȕȣȑ ȉțȓȤȖȕ ȇ Ȏȍ Ȋșȍ-
ȋȌȈ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȒȈȒ ȉȖȘȤȉț ǶȌȕȐȝ ș ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ǶȌȕȖȋȖ

184
șȖ ȊșȍȔȐ ǮȐȏȕȤ ȍșȚȤ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ ǩȖȘȤȉȈ ȍșȚȤ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ǫȣ Ȏȍ
ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȘȈȏȊȍșȚȐ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȟȐȕț ȕȍșȚȍȘȗȐȔțȦ șȒțȒț ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚȤ
ȊșȦ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȋ ȌȖȉȘȖȌȍȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȤ
ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ ȏȈȒțȘȐȓ ȕȖȊțȦ șȐȋȈȘț Ȑ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȖș-
ȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȖȋȖ ǺȖȚ șȐȌȍȓ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȗȖȕțȘȖ șȋȖȘȉȐȊ-
ȠȐșȤ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȖȗțșȚȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȓȖȉ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȏȈȒȘȣ-
ȊȈȓȐ ȓȐȞȖ
— ǪȖȚ ȧ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȍȑȠȐȑ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȖȚȕȧȚȤ ț ȊȈș ȥȚȖ ȐȏȖ-
ȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȐȔ Ȍȓȧ ȌȘțȋȐȝ Ȟȍȓȍȑ ȇ ȕȍ Ȋȍ-
ȘȦ Ȋ ȊȈȠ ȏȍȔȕȖȑ ȘȈȑ Ȋ ȊȈȠȍ ȘȈȊȕȖȗȘȈȊȐȍ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ — ȘȈȉ
ȚȘȍȉțȦȡȐȑ ȗȓȍȚȐ ǭȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȕțȎȌȈȍȚșȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ
ǬȈȑȚȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț Ȋșȍ Ȗȕ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚșȧ Ȋ șȈȔȖȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ Țțȟ-
ȕȖȋȖ șȒȖȚȈ Ȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȎȐȘȍȚȤ ǪȈȠ șȖȞȐȈȓȐȏȔ — ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȖ Ȕȍ-
ȡȈȕșȚȊȈ ȇ ȚȖȎȍ ȝȖȟț ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȚȤ ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ ȕȖ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȟȍȔ
Ȋȣ ȇ ȝȖȟț ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍ șȓțȋȖȦ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȉȈȘȈȕȤȍȋȖ șȚȈȌȈ Ȉ ȋȖșȗȖ-
ȌȐȕȖȔ ȇ ȝȖȟț ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ Ȋșȍ
ȉțȌțȚ ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ǴȖȧ ȊȖȓȧ Ȑ ȕȐȟȤȧ ȌȘțȋȈȧ ȇ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎț
ȓȦȌȍȑ ȖȚ ȗȘȍȌȘȈșșțȌȒȖȊ ȇ ȚȖȎȍ ȊȖȌȊȖȘȦ ȘȈȊȍȕșȚȊȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ
ȔȖȍȦ ȓȐȟȕȖȦ ȊȖȓȍȑ ǰ ȋȖȘȍ ȖșȓțȠȕȐȒȈȔ ǷȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ ȧ ȊȈȔ
ȗȘȖȟȚț ȔȖȑ țȓȤȚȐȔȈȚțȔ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȔ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȈȔ
ǷȖȌȟȍȘȒȐȊȈȧ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ șȈȔ ȊȖșȝȐȡȈȧșȤ
șȊȖȐȔ ȗȖșȓȈȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȊȍȘȋȠȐȔ Ȋ țȎȈș ȊșȦ ǭȊȘȖȗț ǬȈȑȉȕ ȗȘȖ-
ȟȍȓ țȓȤȚȐȔȈȚțȔ
— ǶȕȐ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȗțȋȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȧȚ — ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȤȚȍ
șȍȉȍ ȗȘȖșȧȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ȗȐȘȈȚȈ — ȌȈȚȤ ȐȔ ȖȚșȘȖȟȒț
ȍȡȍ ȕȈ ȌȊȈ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ǺȈȒ Ȑ ȕȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȓȐ Ȋ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ Ȑ ȗȘȐȚȖȔ Ȋ
șȈȔȣȝ ȗȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȧȝ: ©ǵȍ ȐȔȍȧ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ
ȏȈ ȒȘȈȚȒȖșȚȤȦ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ, ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȐȚȤ» ǿȚȖ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȐȚȤ"
ǴȖȦ ȊȖȓȦ ȔȖȑ ȒȈȗȘȐȏ ǽȈ ȝȈ ȝȈ ǺȈȒȈȧ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖșȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȍ ȚȘȖȕțȓȈ Ȑ ȧ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȓ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ ©ǬȖ-
ȊȖȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȕȐȍȔ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȝ ȌȍȘȎȈȊ ȔȐȓȖșȚȐȊȖ ȌȈȦ
ȐȔ șȊȍȘȝ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȘȖȒȈ ȌȊȈ ȔȍșȧȞȈ Ȍȓȧ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȓȍȕȐȧ
ȔȖȐȝ ȗȖȊȍȓȍȕȐȑª ȇ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȝȖȚȧȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȚȤ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑ ȋȖȚȖȊȧȚșȧ Ȓ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ ǰȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȦȚ ȖșȖȉȣȍ
ȗțȠȒȐ ǹȚȘȖȧȚ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȣ ȌȐȘȐȎȈȉȓȐ ǶȕȐ ȕȈ-
ȌȍȦȚșȧ ȗȖȌȈȊȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȟȐșȓȖȔ ȕȈȗȈȌȈȦȡȐȝ ȔȈȠȐȕ ǷȖȕȐ-
ȔȈȍȚȍ" ǷȖȌȕȐȔȍȚșȧ șȘȈȏț șȖȚȕȧ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȖȊ Ȑ ȠȈȘȖȊ Ǫșȍ
ȉțȌțȚ ȖșȣȗȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȖȔȉȈȔȐ ȊȕȐȏț ȉțȌțȚ ȚȖȎȍ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ

185
ǷțșȚȤ ȧ ȐșȚȘȍȉȓȦ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȖ ȍșȚȤ ȠȈȕș ȟȚȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȘȈȏȘȣȊȕȣȝ șȕȈȘȧȌȖȊ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕțȚ ȞȍȓȐ ǸȈșȟȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ
ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȊȍȘȕȣȑ ǵȖ Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȖȔȖȋ ȊȈȠ ȋȍȕȐȑ ȌȖȉȘȍȑȠȐȑ
DzȖȕȌȘȈȚȐȑ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊȐȟ ǴȖȑ ȔȐȓȣȑ țȟȍȕȣȑ ǼȘȐȞ ȗȘȖ-
ȠȚțȌȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȊȈȠȐ ȏȈȗȐșȒȐ Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓ ȖșȖȉȖȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ
ȊȈȠȍ țȟȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȊȐȉȘȈȞȐȐ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȖȔȈȚȍȘȐȐ ǵȈ ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕȍª șȍȑ-
ȟȈș ȐȌȍȚ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȗȖ țșȚȈȕȖȊȒȍ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȖȊ ǷȖ ȔȖȍȔț
ȎȍȓȈȕȐȦ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȍ șțȌȕȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȖ
ȊȐȉȘȐȘțȦȡȍȑ ȖȉȖȓȖȟȒȖȑ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȖȑ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȍȔȖȑ
DzȈȒ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ
ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ șȖ șȎȈȚȣȔȐ ȒțȓȈȒȈȔȐ ǩȓȍȌȕȖȍ ȓȐ-
ȞȖ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȌȊȍ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ǬȈȑȉȕ
ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȗȧȚȐȓșȧ
—ǺȈȒ Ȑ ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȚȣțȔȍȕȧțȒȘȈȓ
ǵȖ ǬȈȑȉȕ țȎȍ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓ șȖȉȖȦ
— ǵȍ țȒȘȈȓ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȍȑȠȐȑ Ȉ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓ
ǰȏ ȋȘțȌȐ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȖȋȖ ȊȣȘȊȈȓșȧ ȌȐȒȐȑ ȘȍȊ
— ǻȔȘȐ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȑ

Ƕȕ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ǬȈȑȉȕȈ ȗȖȊȈȓȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ Ȍț-
ȠȐȚȤ ǩȍȏțȔȕȈȧ ȧȘȖșȚȤ țȌȍșȧȚȍȘȐȓȈ șȐȓȣ ǴțșȒțȓȣ ȕȈȗȘȧ-
ȋȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ șȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ǷȈȓȤȞȣ ȊȗȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȋȖȘȓȖ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȋȖ
ȗȐȘȈȚȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ǬȈȑȉȕț țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȊȣȘȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ
ȒȘȐȒȕțȚȤ Ȗ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȕȖ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȔț ȋȖȘȓȖ ǻ ǬȈȑȉȕȈ ȗȖșȐȕȍȓȖ ȓȐȞȖ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȏȈȝȖ-
ȌȐȓȐ Ȗȋȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȘțȋȐ Ȑȏ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȋȖ ȘȚȈ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈȌȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȝȘȐȗȣ ǹȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖ
— ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȊȈȔ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȖȔ ȌȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǰ, ȕȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȌȐ ȧ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȉȣ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȚȤ Ȍȓȧ ȊȈș ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȍ
ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȣ
ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ ȔțȚȕȣȔ ȊȏȖȘȖȔ ȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȕȈ ǸȣȎȍȋȖ ǬȎȍȒȈ
ȍȌȊȈ ȌȈȊȈȧ șȍȉȍ ȖȚȟȍȚ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ǫȖȘȓȖ șȐȓȤȕȖ
ȉȖȓȍȓȖ Ȋ ȊȐșȒȈȝ ȍȡȍ ȉȐȓȈșȤ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȝȖȌȐȓ ȚțȔȈȕ
— ǪȐȕȈ — ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ șȓȈȉȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— ǪȖȚ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȉțȌȍȚ ȎȐȊ
ǬȈȑȉȕ ȎȈȌȕȖ ȊȣȗȐȓ șȚȈȒȈȕ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȊȍȕȋȍȘșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȊșȒȖ-
Șȍ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȑ ȊȖȓȕȖȑ ȘȈȏȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖ
Țȍȓț ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȧ ȍȋȖ Ȓ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕȍ
—ǨȋȌȍȚȖȚ"
— ǪȖȕ ȊȈȓȧȍȚșȧ
ǶȒȖȓȖ șȚȖȓȈ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȍșȤ șȓȖȔȈȕȕȣȑ ȓȍȎȈȓ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ
ǰȏ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȍȗȈ ȕȈȚȍȒȓȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȈȧ ȓțȎȈ.
— ǹȈȔ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚ ȇ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȍȋȖ țȉȐȊȈȚȤ ǪȣȉȘȖșȤȚȍ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚ
ȥȚț ȗȈȌȈȓȤ
— Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ș ȟȍȚȣȘȤȔȧ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȧȔȐ"
ǬȈȑȉȕ ȊșȚȈȓ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȖ ȊȍșȤ ȘȖșȚ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȕȍșȍȕ-
ȕȖȍ țȕȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȎȋȓȖ ȖȋȕȍȔ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȘȧȟțȦ ȌțȠț
— Ǫșȍȝ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ș ȋȈȓȍȘȍȐ ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈª ȗȖșȓȣȠȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȗȘȍȌșȔȍȘȚȕȣȍ ȊȖȗȓȐ ȉȘȖșȈȍȔȣȝ ș ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȊȣșȖȚȣ Ȋ
ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ
— Ǫșȍ Ȓ ȓțȟȠȍȔț ǼȘȐȞ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ǬȈȑȉȕ șȊȖȍȔț ȓȦȉȐȔ-
Ȟț — ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȕȣ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȊȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȊȖ
ȊșȍȔ ȔȐȘȍ ȏȕȈȍȔ ȊȍȓȐȒțȦ ȚȈȑȕț

187
XI
ǾǼǵǮ
ǩȖȑ ȌȊțȝ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȝ șțȌȖȊ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓȐ ș ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘșȒȖȋȖ
ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ ǹȖ șȓȖȊ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȞȍȊ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖȋȖ
șȖȉȣȚȐȧ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ ǪȐȌȍȓȐ Ȑ ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕª ȗȘȐȓȍ-
ȚȍȊȠȐȑ Ȓ ȒȖȕȞț șȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ǹȊȧȏȤ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȝ șțȌȖȊ ș ȊȖȏ-
ȌțȠȕȣȔ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȓȍȎȈȓȈ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȦ
ǷȖȟȍȔț Ȏȍ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȈ ȉȐȚȊȈ"
ȅȚȈ ȕȖȊȈȧ ȚȈȑȕȈ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ
ȔȖȋ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ ȝȖȚȤ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȘȈȊȌȖȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȢ-
ȧșȕȍȕȐȧ
ǰșȚȐȕț țȋȈȌȈȓȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ǸȖȏȈ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ ȘȈȏȉȐȓ ȊȘȈȎȍ-
șȒȖȍ șțȌȕȖ ȕȖ ȗȖȋȐȉ Ȑ șȈȔ dzȦȉȧȡȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȖ
șȚȘȈȌȈȓȈ Ǫșȍ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȖ ǻȔȍȘ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȖȕȈ șȖ-
șȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȐȓȈ Ȋșȍ șȊȖȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ǻȔȍȘȓȈ ȔȍȟȚȈ Ȗ ȊȖȌȊȖȘȍȕȐȐ
șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ
ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȖȝȐȡȍȕȐȧ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȏȈȗȐșȖȒ Ȑ ȟȍȘȚȍ-
Ȏȍȑ ǶșȒȈȘȖȔ ǬȈȑȉȕȖȔ șȚȈȓ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȣȔ ȌȖ ȔȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ-
șȚȐ
— ȇ Ȋșȍ ȌȍȘȎț Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ǬȍȓȈȦ ȊȣȟȐșȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ
țȕȐȟȚȖȎȈȦ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȖȍ
ǬȈ Ȑ ȒȚȖ ȉȍȏ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȋȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȍȓȧ ȔȖȋ Ȗșț-
ȡȍșȚȊȐȚȤ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒț ©ǹȖȒȖȓȈª" ǶșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ ǸȖȏȣ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȖ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȐșȚȈȔȐ
ǸȍȠȍȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȤ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȓȖ-
Ȏȍȕ ©ǹȖȒȖȓª, Ȑ ȊșȍȔ ȘȈȏȢȍȝȈȚȤșȧ
ǸȖȏȈ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ șȍȉȧ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖȑ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȖȑ
Ǩ ȋȕțșȕȣȑ ȊȘȈȋ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ǹ țȎȈșȖȔ Ȑ ȕȍȋȖȌȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ
ȗȘȖȟȓȈ ȖȕȈ ©țȓȤȚȐȔȈȚțȔª ǬȈȑȉȕȈ Ƕȕ șȌȍȘȎȐȚ șȊȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ
Ƕȕ ȕȈȗȈȌȈȓ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȕȈ ǨȔȍȘȐȒț ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȍ ȒȖ-
ȓȖȕȐȐ Ȋ ǨȜȘȐȒȍ ǨȊșȚȘȈȓȐȦ ǵȖȊțȦ ǯȍȓȈȕȌȐȦ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ șȚȘȈȠ-
ȕȣȑ ȘȈȏȋȘȖȔ ȋȘȖȏȐȚ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȍȑȠȐȔ șȚȘȈȕȈȔ ǭȊȘȖȗȣ
ǰ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ ȐȌȍȈȓȐșȚ ȔȍȟȚȈȊȠȐȑ ȓȐȠȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ
șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȖ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȔ ȒȖșȊȍȕȕȖ ȊȐȕȖȊȍȕ Ȋ ȗȘȖ-
ȓȐȚȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȐ Ȑ Ȋ Țȍȝ ȗȖȚȖȒȈȝ ȍȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȖȓȤȦȚșȧ

188
ǵȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȌȧȌȧ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȍȍ țȚȍȠȐȚȤ ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȍȊȘȍȑ ȋȓț-
ȉȖȒȖ ȊȍȘțȦȡȐȑ Ȋ ǩȖȋȈ ȟȐȚȈȓ ȍȑ ȔȍșȚȈ Ȑȏ ǩȐȉȓȐȐ Ȑ ǺȈȓȔț-
ȌȈ Ȑ ȌȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȊșȍȔȐȘȕȣȑ ȏȓȖȌȍȑ ȗȖȋȐȉȕȍȚ ȖȚ ȘțȒȐ ȒȈ-
ȘȈȦȡȍȋȖ ǰȍȋȖȊȣ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȌȕȐ ȍȋȖ șȖȟȚȍȕȣ
ȅȚȖ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȎȌȈȚȤ Ȑ ȎȌȈȚȤ ǵȖ ǸȖȏȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ
ȖșȚȈȊȈȚȤșȧ ȉȍȏȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ Ƕ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ț ȕȍȍ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȉȣȓȐ
ȟȍȘȚȍȎȐ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȖȋȖ ǶȕȈ ȖȚȌȈȓȈ ȉȣ Ȑȝ ȔȍȎȌțȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȔț
ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚț ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȖȉȖȘȖȕȣ ǵȖ ȍȍ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȑ
țȕȍș ș șȖȉȖȦ ȚȈȑȕț Ȋ ȔȖȋȐȓț Ǫșȧ ȖȕȈ ȗȣȓȈȓȈ ȖȚȖȔșȚȐȚȤ ȏȈ
șȔȍȘȚȤ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȖȋȖ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȤ ȔȐȘ ȖȚ ȌȤȧ-
ȊȖȓȈ ǵȖ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȋȓȈ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȈ ȖȕȈ
ȕȐ ȉȣȓȈ"
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȖȕȈ Ȋ ȘȈȏȌțȔȤȍ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ Ȑ
ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȍȍ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ ǻȊȓȍȟȍȕȕȈȧ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ
ȔȍȟȚȖȑ ǸȖȏȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȖȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ ȕȈȘțȎȕȖșȚȐ ȏȈ-
ȉȣȊȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ,
țȊȐȌȈȓȈ șȊȖȍ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ǰȏ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȈ ȋȓȧȕțȓȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ȗȍȟȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȍ ȕȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ǷȓȈȚȤȍ ȖȉȓȍȋȈȓȖ ȌȐȊȕȣȑ șȚȈȕ
ǸȖȑ ȕȖȊȣȝ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ ȏȈȗȓȧșȈȓ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ǸȖȏȣ ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȖȕȐ
ȉȣȓȐ ȉȍșșȊȧȏȕȣ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȓțȕȈȔȍȒȐ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȏȈȔȍȌȓȐȓȐ ȉȍȋ șȊȖȑ,
șȖȍȌȐȕȧȓȐșȤ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȔȖȓȕȐȍȑ ȉȓȍșȕțȓȖ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ
ǰ ȚȈȑȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ
— ǺȊȖȧ șȐȓȈ — Ȋ ȒȘȈșȖȚȍ
ǹ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ǸȖȏȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȐȓȈșȤ ǶȕȈ țșȗȖ-
ȒȖȐȓȈ ȌȧȌȦ șȒȈȏȈȊ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȔȐȘȐȓȈșȤ ș șțȌȤȉȖȦ ǵȈȠ-
ȓȈ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ șȍȉȍ șȐȓȣ șȔȍȧȚȤșȧ ȏȈȘȈȎȈȧ ȉțȘȕȣȔ ȊȍșȍȓȤȍȔ
ȌȘțȋȐȝ ǹȚȘȈșȚȕȈȧ ȕȈȚțȘȈ șȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ
ǬȧȌȧ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǸȖȏȈ ȖȚȗȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ ț
ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȍȝȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞț Ȑ ȌȈȓ ȍȑ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȡȍȌȘȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ
DzȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓȈ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎ
ȕȈ țȓȐȞȈȝ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ ȋȈȏȍȚȟȐȒȐ ©ǶȚȊȍȚ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ȗȐȘȈȚȈ
ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ ȌȈȍȚ ȌȊȈ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȖȚșȘȖȟȒȐª
ȅȚȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȍ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȓȖ ǸȖȏț, ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȊȗȖȓ-
ȕȍ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ ȍȍ ȗȓȈȕȈȔ ǨȉȘȈȋȈȔ ǩȍȘȋȔȈȕ ȗȖȓțȟȈȓ
ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȖ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȖȚ ȗȓȍȔȧȕȕȐȞȣ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȒȘȈȚ-
ȒȐ ȕȖ ȌȧȌȧ ȕȍ ȖȉȐȎȈȓșȧ.
ǭȑ ȕȍ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȍȘȍȗȐșȣȊȈȚȤșȧ șȖ șȚȈȘȐȒȖȔ ǴȖ-
ȓȖȌȈ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȔȈșșȈ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȑ ǷțșȚȤ ȉȍȌȕȈȧ ȘȈȏ-

189
ȊȓȍȟȍȚșȧ
ǵȖ ȖȌȕȖ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȖ ǩȍȘȋȔȈȕȈ șȊȖȍȑ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ-
șȚȤȦ
Ǽʓˑ˓ˑˆˑˌ ˇˢˇˢǨ ʞˑˊˇ˓˃˅˟˕ˈ ˏˈːˢǤ ʮ ːˈ ˕ˈ˓ˢˎ˃ ˅˓ˈˏˈːˋ
ˇ˃˓ˑˏ ˋ ˅˞˖˚ˋˎ˃˔˟ ˕˃ː˙˃ˏǤ ʑ˞ ˊː˃ˈ˕ˈǡ ˚˕ˑ ˢ ˋ ˅˔ˈˆˇ˃ ˋ˘ ˎˡ-
˄ˋˎ˃Ǥ ʑ˚ˈ˓˃ ˅ ˒ˈ˓˅˞ˌ ˓˃ˊ ˅˞˔˕˖˒˃ˎ˃ ː˃ ˔˙ˈːˈǤ ʢ˔˒ˈ˘ ˑˆ˓ˑˏ-
ː˞ˌǨ ʛˈːˢ ˊ˃˔˞˒˃ˎˋ ˙˅ˈ˕˃ˏˋǤ ʠˈˆˑˇːˢ ˆ˃ˊˈ˕˞ ˒ˑˎː˞ ˅ˑ˔˕ˑ˓-
ˉˈːː˞ˏˋ ˓ˈ˙ˈːˊˋˢˏˋ ˑ ˏˑˈˏ ˇˈ˄ˡ˕ˈǤ ʑ˔ˈ ˅ ˑˇˋː ˆˑˎˑ˔ ˆˑ-
˅ˑ˓ˢ˕ǡ ˚˕ˑ ˢ ˒˓ˈ˅ˊˑ˛ˎ˃ ʏˌ˔ˈˇˑ˓˖ ʓ˖ːˍ˃ː ˋ ʛˑˇ ʏˎˎ˃ːǤ ʮ
˕˃ː˙˖ˡ ˕ˑˉˈ ˄ˑ˔˃ˢǤ ʙ˃ˍˑˈ ˠ˕ˑ ˇˋ˅ːˑˈ ˑ˜˖˜ˈːˋˈǡ ˇˢˇˢǡ ˔ˎ˞-
˛˃˕˟ ˃˒ˎˑˇˋ˔ˏˈː˕˞ ˋ ˍ˓ˋˍˋ ˅ˑ˔˕ˑ˓ˆ˃ ˕ˑˎ˒˞Ǥ
ʑ˃˛˃ ʟˑˊ˃ǽǤ
ǷȐșȤȔȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑȏ ǷȈȘȐȎȈ ǩȍȘȋȔȈȕ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȍȋȖ ȖȉȌțȔȣȊȈȓ
Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȟȐȚȣȊȈȓ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȓ ȔțȌȘȖȔț ȊȣȊȖȌț
— Ǫ ȍȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ — șȞȍȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ țȚȍȠȍȕȐȍ

190
ǰ ȗȖșȓȈȓ ǸȖȏȍ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ șțȔȔț Ȍȍȕȍȋ
©DzțȗȐ șȍȉȍ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȣ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȐȧ ȖȌȍȊȈȑșȧ
ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȓțȟȠȍ ǹȚȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȖȓȗȖȦ ȒȈȒ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȈȧ ȏȊȍȏ-
ȌȈªǶ ȚȈȕȞȈȝ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȉȖșȖȕȖȎȒȐ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȊȍșȤ șȊȍȚ ǶșȖ-
ȉȍȕȕȖ ȊȖșȝȊȈȓȧȓȐ șȍȘȐȦ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍȔ ©ȀȈȝȍȘȍȏȈȌȈª ȏȈȐȔ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȕȕțȦ Ȑȏ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȑ «1001 ȕȖȟȐª
ǸȖȏȈ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȋ ȓȍȋȒȐȝ ȒȖșȚȦȔȈȝ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȓțȖȉȕȈ-
ȎȍȕȕȈȧ Ǫ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ șȊȖȐ ȖȕȈ ȊȓȐȓȈ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖșȚȤ ȦȎȈȕȒȐ
Ǫ ȕȍȑ ȋȖȘȍȓȈ ȒȈȗȓȧ ȖȋȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȍȍ ȗȘȍȌȒȖȊ ȊȗȐȚȈȊȠȍȑ
ȓțȟȐ ȎȋțȟȍȋȖ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȗțșȚȣȕȤ ǨȜȘȐȒȐ Ȑ ǴȍșȖȗȖȚȈȔȐȐ
ǭȊȘȖȗȈ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȓȈ țȎȈșȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ
ȖȎȐȌȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ Ȑ ȟȈșȚȖ ȓȦȌȐ ș ȚȘȍȊȖȋȖȑ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓȐ ȊȏȖ-
Șȣ Ȓ ȕȍȉȍșȈȔ Ȑ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȚȍȔȕȖȍ ȖȉȓȈȒȖ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȐ ȏȈ
ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕª
Ǫ Țȍ ȌȕȐ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȐ Ȑ ȝȘȈȔȣ ȉȣȓȐ
ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȕȍȕȣ ȔȖȓȧȡȐȔȐșȧ ǪșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȍ șȍȒȚȣ ȕȈȝȖȌȐ-
ȓȐ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȍȑ ǶșȖȉȣȔ țșȗȍȝȖȔ ȗȖȓȤ-
ȏȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ©ȈȌȊȍȕȚȐșȚȣ șȍȌȤȔȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧª ȗȘȖȗȖȊȍȌțȦȡȐȍ ȉȓȐ-
ȏȖșȚȤ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȔȐȘȈ ǶȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȕȖȊȣȍ șȍȒȚȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ǶșȒȈȘȈ ǬȈȑȉȕȈ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓȐ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȏȈ ȗȘȍȌȘȍȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǨȕȚȐȝȘȐ-
șȚȈǶȌȕȖȔț ȉȖȑȒȖȔț ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘț țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȘȈȏȣșȒȈȚȤ șȚȈȘțȠ-
Ȓț-ȔȈȚȤ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ȗȐȘȈȚȈ Ȑ ȊȣȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ Ȑ ȉȣȓ ȊȖșȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕ Ȋ ȎțȘȕȈȓȈȝ ȕȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȒȈȝ Ȑ
ȗȘȖȌȈȊȈȓșȧ ȗȖȊșȦȌț Ȋ ȥșȚȈȔȗȕȣȝ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȈȝ ǪȖȚ ȥȚȖȚ-ȚȖ
ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ Ȑ ȗȖșȓțȎȐȓ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȖȔ ȖȉȖȎȈȕȐȧ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȕȐ-
ȒȖȊ ǹȈȚȈȕȣ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ǶșȒȈȘȈ ǬȈȑȉȕȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȓȐșȤ ȒȖ-
ȡțȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ șȓțȎȍȕȐȧ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ Ȕȍșșȣ Ȑ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ șȓț-
ȝȐ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ ȎȍȘȚȊȖȗȘȐȕȖȠȍ-
ȕȐȧ ǬȍȓȖ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȊȈȓȖșȤ șȐȔȊȖȓȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȗȘȐȕȍ-
șȍȕȐȍȔ Ȋ ȎȍȘȚȊț ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ — ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ ǹȈȚȈȕȣ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȒșȚȈȚȐ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ
ȖȚȕȖșȐȊȠȐȝșȧ Ȓ ǶșȒȈȘț ǬȈȑȉȕț ȌȈȎȍ ș ȗȖȒȓȖȕȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȘȐ-
ȟȍȔ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȟȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ Ȑȝ ȗȖȝȐȚȐȓ ǹȖȟțȊ-
șȚȊȐȍȔ ǬȈȑȉȕ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ șȘȍȌȐ ȈȕȈȘȝȐșȚȖȊ ȌțȝȈ ȕȍȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȖȊ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ șȘȍȌȐ Țȍȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ

191
ȗȖȌ ȈȕȈȘȝȐȏȔȖȔ ȘȈȏțȔȍȦȚ ȗȖȓȕțȦ șȊȖȉȖȌț șȖȊȍȘȠȈȚȤ ȗȘȍ-
șȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȧȚȤ șȊȖȐ ȘȈȏȕțȏȌȈȕȕȣȍ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȣ
ǵȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤ ȓȦȌȍȑ țȌȈȘȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȌȘțȋțȦ șȚȖȘȖ-
ȕț ǵȍțȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȠȕȍȔ Ȍȕȍ Ȑ ȉȓȐȏȖșȚȤ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ
ȒȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜȣ ȚȖȓȒȈȓȐ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȕȈ ȗțȚȤ ȗȘȖȎȐȋȈȕȐȧ ȎȐȏȕȐ:
©ǽȖȚȤ ȌȍȕȤ ȌȈ ȔȖȑª
ǶȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȟȍȓȣȍ Ȓȓțȉȣ ȊȍșȍȓȧȡȐȝșȧ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȊȠȐȝ
ȟȚȖ ȖȚȕȣȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȌȖȏȊȖȓȍȕȖ Ȑ Ȋșȍ țșȓȖȊȕȣȍ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȘȖȌȒȐ Șț-
ȠȐȓȐșȤ ȅȚȐ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋ ȉȍșȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖȔ ȗȐȘȍ Ȋȍșȍ-
ȓȤȧ Ȋ ȒțȚȍȎȈȝ ȖȘȋȐȧȝ ǰȕȣȍ ȘȈșȚȘȈȚȐȊ Ȋșȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȥȜ-
ȜȍȒȚȕȖ ȒȖȕȟȈȓȐ șȈȔȖțȉȐȑșȚȊȖȔ
ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȘȈȉȈȚȣȊȈȓȐ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ
ȚȍȈȚȘȣ țȊȍșȍȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȏȈȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȣ ȗȘȐȦȚȣ ȕȈ-
șȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȧ
ǰȔȍȕȕȖ ȥȚȐȔ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍȔ Ȋ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ
ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȍȚșȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȒȘțȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ țșȗȍȝ ǸȖȏȣ DzȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ-
ȉȖșȖȕȖȎȒȈ șȊȖȌȐȓȈ Ȋșȍȝ ș țȔȈ ǩȍșȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȕȐȒȐ
ȚȡȍȚȕȖ ȌȖȉȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȉȓȈȋȖșȒȓȖȕȕȖșȚȐ ȒȓȈȌȧ Ȓ ȕȖȋȈȔ ȍȍ Ȟȍ-
ȓȣȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ǯȈ ȊȣȝȖȌ ȍȑ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȓȐ ȖȚȖȊșȦȌț ȉȈșȕȖ-
șȓȖȊȕțȦ ȗȓȈȚț
ǸȖȏȈ ȘȈȏȢȍȏȎȈȓȈ ȗȖ ǭȊȘȖȗȍ ȗȖȓȤȏțȧșȤ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȖ ȖȋȘȖȔ-
ȕȣȔ ȕȍșȓȣȝȈȕȕȣȔ țșȗȍȝȖȔ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȋȈșȚȘȖȓȤ ȍȍ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ ǴȖȕȈȒȖ ǯȌȍșȤ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȓț-
ȟȐȓȈ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȍȕȐȍ ȖȚ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕșȒȐȝ ȈȕȚȘȍȗȘȍȕȍȘȖȊ
ǷȖȌȗȐșȈȊ ȒȖȕȚȘȈȒȚȣ ǸȖȏȈ ȊȏȧȓȈ ȥȒșȗȘȍșș Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȋȖȘ-
ȕȐȟȕȖȑ ȏȈȕȧȓȈ Ȓțȗȍ ǺȈȕȞȖȊȡȐȞȍ țșȚȘȖȐȓȐ ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȣȍ
ȗȘȖȊȖȌȣ
ǷȖȍȏȌ ȖȚȖȠȍȓ Ȉ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȐșȚȖȊȖ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ ȊșȓȍȌ,
ȔȈȝȈȧ ȗȓȈȚȒȈȔȐ ȏȖȕȚȐȒȈȔȐ ȉȘȖșȈȧ Ƞȓȧȗȣ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝ
ǻȎȍ șȖȊșȍȔ șȚȍȔȕȍȓȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȥȒșȗȘȍșș ȕȣȘȕțȓ Ȋ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȑ
ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ Țțȕȕȍȓȧ
ǷțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ȗȖȒȈ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȉȍȏȖ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍ-
ȕȐȑ ǸȖȏȈ șȚȈȓȈ ȌȘȍȔȈȚȤ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȗȖȓțșȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȕȖȔ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȍȍ ȖȉȘȈȏ ȗȖȋȐȉȠȍȋȖ
ȓȦȉȐȔȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖ
ȉȓȍȌȕȣȍ ȋțȉȣ ȍȋȖ ȉțȌȚȖ șȐȓȐȓȐșȤ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ǰ ǸȖȏȈ Ȕȣ-
șȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓȈ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒț
— ǯȕȈȦ ȏȕȈȦ ȔȐȓȣȑ ǯȕȈȦ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȦ

ǷȖȍȏȌ ȗȍȘȍȊȈȓȐȓ ȕȈ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕșȒțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ Ȗȕ
ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȗțȚȐ ǷȖșȓȣȠȈȓȈșȤ ȉȍȋȖȚȕȧ ȒȘȐ-
ȒȐ ȏȈȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȐ ȜȖȕȈȘȐ ȊȖ ȔȘȈȒȍ ǬȊȍȘȤ Ȓțȗȍ ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȓȈșȤ
Ȑ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ ȧȊȐȓȖșȤ ȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȔȈșȒȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ǫ ȚȖ
Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋșȧ ȌȖȓȐȕȈ ȖșȊȍȚȐȓȈșȤ ȧȘȒȐȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ ǯȈȔȈșȒȐȘȖ-
ȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ǸȖȏȍ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖȋȖ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ
șȊȧȏȈȓȐ Ȑ țȕȍșȓȐ ǵȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȊȠȐȝ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȍȏȌȕȖȑ ȗȘȐșȓțȋȐ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȐȓșȧ ȊșȚțȗȐȚȤșȧ ȏȈ ȚȈȕȞȖȊȡȐȞț
Ǫșȍ ȖȒȈȔȍȕȍȊ ȖȚ țȎȈșȈ șȚȖȧȓȐ șȔȖȚȘȧ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȋȌȍ ȕȈ ȉȓȐȏ-
ȒȖȔ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȖȚ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȊȐșȍȓȖ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȋȘȖȏȕȖ șȐȧȧ ȘȈȏ-
ȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȔȐ ȖȋȕȧȔȐ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖȍ ȗȐȘȈȚșȒȖȍ șțȌȕȖ

193
XII
ǽǹdzǻǻǶȄǮ
ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ țȋȈȌȈȓ ȐșȚȐȕț ǭȊȘȖȗȈ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟȕȖ ȋȖȚȖ-
ȊȐȓȈșȤ ȗȖȓȤȏțȧșȤ ȌȈȕȕȖȑ ȖȚșȘȖȟȒȖȑ Ȓ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȖȚȟȈȧȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ ǵȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȑ ȘȍȟȐ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȣȗȖȓ-
ȕȐȚȤ ȗȖȊȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ȗȐȘȈȚȈ ǬȈ Ȑ ȒȈȒȐȔȐ șȘȍȌșȚ-
ȊȈȔȐ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȐȚȤ țȓȤȚȐȔȈȚțȔ ȉȍȏțȔȞȈ ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȦȡȍȋȖ
șȟȐȚȈȚȤșȧ ȕȐ ș ȐșȚȖȘȐȍȑ ȕȐ șȖ șȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȟȍȓȣȝ ȕȈȘȖ-
ȌȖȊ"ǴȍȎȌțȕȈȘȖȌȕȣȑ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȖȉȖȘȖȕȣ ȗȘȐ-
Ƞȍȓ Ȓ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȔț ȊȣȊȖȌț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȘȍȠȍȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ
șȖȝȘȈȕȧȚȤ Ȋ ȚȈȑȕȍ
©ǪȊȐȌț ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȐȝ șȘȍȌșȚȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣ-
ȔȐ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȍȚ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȑ ȗȐȘȈȚ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ ș ȕȐȔ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ
ȠȈȕșȖȊ ȕȈ ȗȖȉȍȌț ȗȘȐ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈțȟȕȣȝ ȏȕȈȕȐȧȝ ǵȖ
ȍșȓȐ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȕȈȌȍȧȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌșȚȊȖ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȐ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȚȤ “ǬȘȈȒȖȕ” ȚȈȒ
șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌșȚȊȖȔ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ
ǵȈș ȔȕȖȋȖ ȠȈȑȒȈ ǬȈȑȉȕȈ șȖșȚȖȐȚ ȊșȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȌȍșȧȚȒȈ-ȌȘț-
ȋȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȘȐ ȔȈșșȖȊȖȔ ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȐ ȕȈ “ǬȘȈ-
ȒȖȕ” ȗȖȋȐȉȕȍȚ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȟȐșȓȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȉțȌțȚ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȣ Ȟȍ-
ȓȣȍ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȍȕȣ ȈȘȔȐȐ Ȑ ȜȓȖȚȣ ȕȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ
ȊȍȌȤ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ țȌȈȟȕȖȋȖ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȈ ȘȈȏȘȣȊȕȣȔ șȕȈȘȧȌȖȔ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȕȐȏȊȍȘȋȕțȚȤ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȍ șțȌȕȖ ȀȈȕșȖȊ ȔȈȓȖ
ȕȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȍșȚȤ ȝȖȚȤ ȖȌȐȕ ǵȍȚ ȎȍȘȚȊȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȣ șȓȐ-
ȠȒȖȔ ȊȍȓȐȒȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȍȓȖ ȐȌȍȚ Ȗȉ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ
ȖȚ ȋȕțșȕȖȋȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȖȚ ȖȉȡȍȋȖ ȊȘȈȋȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ
ȊȖȗȓȖȚȐȓșȧ șȈȔ ȌȤȧȊȖȓª
DzȈȒ Ȋ ȌȘȍȊȕȖșȚȐ ȘȈȏȋȕȍȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ǩȖȋȈ ȏȓȈ țȔȐȓȖșȚȐȊȓȧ-
ȓȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȎȍȘȚȊȖȗȘȐȕȖȠȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȚȈȒ ǭȊȘȖȗȈ ȘȍȠȐ-
ȓȈșȤ ȞȍȕȖȦ șȖȚȍȕ Țȣșȧȟ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ ȎȐȏȕȍȑ ȌȖȉȐȚȤșȧ Ȗș-
ȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȖȚ ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȖȋȖ ȐȋȈ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ȗȐȘȈȚȈ
ǪȖȍȕȕȣȝ ȖȚ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȈ ȌȖ ȘȧȌȖȊȖȋȖ șȖȓȌȈȚȈ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ
ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖȍ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȍ Ǫșȍ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȚȖ ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȖȔ
ȥȒșȚȈȏȍ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȐȌȚȐ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȕțȦ șȔȍȘȚȤ

194
ǴȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȈȉȈșȚȖȊȒȐ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȊȠȐȍ ȔȐȘ
ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȐșȚȖȊ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȍȑ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈȔȐ Ȑ
țȗȖȘșȚȊȖȔ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ ǵȈ ȖȘțȌȐȑȕȣȝ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ
ȏȈȊȖȌȈȝ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ ȚȘțȌȐȓȐșȤ ȒȘțȋȓȣȍ șțȚȒȐ ȊșȍȋȖ Ȋ ȌȊȍ șȔȍ-
ȕȣǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȠȓȈ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȈ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȖȊ Ȑ ȌȐȘȐ-
ȎȈȉȓȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȓȖ șȣȋȘȈȚȤ ȊȐȌȕțȦ ȘȖȓȤ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȖȧȡȍȑ ȊȖȑȕȍ
dzȦȌȐ ȠȓȐ ȌȘȈȚȤșȧ ȌȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȒȈȗȓȐ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȕȍ ȘȈȌȐ
ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊ ȕȍ Ȍȓȧ ȏȈȊȖȍȊȈȕȐȧ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȏȍ-
ȔȍȓȤ Ȑ ȘȣȕȒȖȊ șȉȣȚȈ — ȓȦȌȐ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȎȍȘȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ șȖȉȖȦ
Ȍȓȧ șȗȈșȍȕȐȧ ȊșȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȈ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȓȖȏțȕȋ
ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȐȊȠȐȑ ȕȈȘȖȌȣ Ȑ ȒȓȈșșȣ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȓȖȏțȕȋ ȐșȚȐȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȉȘȈȚșȚȊȈ
ǵȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȖȗȖȓȟȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ȗȐȘȈȚȈ ȕȍ
ȏȕȈȓ țȎȈșȕȖȑ ȗȖȚȘȧșȈȦȡȍȑ ȐșȚȐȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȖȚȕȐȔȈȓȈ Ȋșȧ-
ȒțȦ ȕȈȌȍȎȌț ȕȈ țșȗȍȝ
ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓ ȘȖȒȖȊȖȍ ȕȈșȓȍȌșȚȊȖ ȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕ-
ȕȖȍ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȔ DzȖȕȌȘȈȚȐȍȔ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȣȔ ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕª ȗȖȓț-
ȟȐȓ ȕȖȊȖȍ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȕȈȌ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȕȈȌ ȊșȍȔȐ Ȑȝ
ȎȈȓȒȐȔȐ țșȐȓȐȧȔȐ ǹȚȖȐȓȖ ǬȈȑȉȕț ȗȖȎȍȓȈȚȤ Ȑ ȊȖȏȌțȠ-
ȕȖȍ șțȌȕȖ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȖ ȊȐȉȘȐȘțȦȡȍȑ ȏȖȕȖȑ Ȍȍ-
ȓȈȦȡȍȑ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍțȧȏȊȐȔȣȔ ȕȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȔ
ǴȍȎȌțȕȈȘȖȌȕȣȑ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚ ȌȖȗțșȒȈȓ ©ȝȖȚȤ ȖȌȐȕ ȠȈȕșª
Ǫ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ǰ ȔȖȘȍ ȗȘȖȓȐȚȖȑ
ȒȘȖȊȐ Ȑ ȋȘțȌȣ ȘȈșȚȍȘȏȈȕȕȣȝ Țȍȓ Ȑ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ
ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕȣ — Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȍșȗȖȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȎȍȘȚȊȖȑ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ șȓț-
ȟȈȑ ȔȖȋ șȗȈșȚȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȖ ȖȚ ȗȖȋȐȉȍȓȐ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȏȖȘȕȖȋȖ
țȕȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔ ȒȚȖ ȒȐȟȓȐȊȖ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ șȈȔȖȋȖ ©ȊȓȈ-
ȌȣȒȖȑ șȚȐȝȐȑª ©ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȖȔ ȗȘȍșȔȣȒȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȟȍȘȊȍȑ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȐªǿȍȘȍȏ șȊȖȐȝ ȈȋȍȕȚȖȊ ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ ȉȣȓ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȖșȊȍ-
ȌȖȔȓȍȕ Ȗ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȐȧȝ ȕȖ ȖȕȐ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȈ-
șȔȍȠȒț țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ șȐȓȈȝ ȗȐȘȈȚȈ
— ǮȈȓȒȐȍ ȗȐȋȔȍȐ Ǫșȍ Ȑȝ ȖȘțȌȐȧ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȐȧ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ
Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ șȚȘȈȠȕȣ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȒȖȔȈȘȐȕȣȍ țȒțșȣ ȇ ȌȈȓ ȐȔ
ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȐȚȤșȧ ȔȖȍȑ ȊȖȓȍ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ
țȔȣȊȈȦ ȘțȒȐ ǰȔ ȍȡȍ ȔȈȓȖ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȔȖȋțȡȍ-

195
șȚȊȈ ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ" — ȗțșȚȤ ȗȖȗȘȖȉțȦȚ Tu l'a voulu, ma belle Eu-
rope!*
ǰ Ȗȕ ȘȍȠȐȓ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȚȤ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȐȔ
șȘȖȒȈ
DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ȗȐȘȈȚȈ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ
ȧȊȐȓșȧ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍș ǸȖȏȈ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ-ȉȖșȖȕȖȎȒȈ ȗȘȖșȓȈ-
ȊȐȊȠȈȧșȧ ȚȈȒ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȚȈȕȞȈȔȐ țȗȖȘȕȖ ȕȍ țșȚțȗȈȓȈ
ȍȋȖ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧȔ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ș ȕȐȔ
DzȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȕȖȊȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȔȍȠȈȓȖ ǶșȒȈȘț ǬȈȑȉȕț țȗȖȚȘȍ-
ȉȐȚȤ ȕȈșȐȓȐȍ ȐȓȐ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ȊȖ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ȠȈȑȒȐ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ
ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȗȖșȚțȗȈȓ ș șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȧȦȡȐȔȐșȧ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȞȈȔȐ
ǸȖȏȈ ȕȍ ȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ ȕȍ ȏȊȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ȕȍ ȉȘȖșȈȓȈșȤ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ țȔȖȓȧȧ Ȗ ȗȖȡȈȌȍ ȕȍ ȗȈȌȈȓȈ Ȋ ȖȉȔȖȘȖȒ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȌȘțȋȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȟȍȔ ȍȍ ȗȘȍȌȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐ-
Ȟȣ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȊȠȐȍ Ȋ ȐȏȖȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȕțȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈª
ǪȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ-ȋȖȘȌȖ ș ȧȊȕȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȐȍȔ
Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ șȎȈȚȣȝ ȋțȉȈȝ Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȌȊȐȎȍ-
ȕȐȐ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȈ ǸȖȏȈ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȖȝȐȚȐȚȍȓȧ Ȑ
Ȗȕ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȈȓșȧ țȊȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ Ȓ ȥȚȖȑ ȋȖȘȌȖȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȍ
ȏȈȔȐȘȈȓȐ ȕȈ țșȚȈȝ ȋȘțȉȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȕȍșȒȘȣȊȈȍȔȖȑ ȗȖȝȖȚȐ Ȗȗț-
șȒȈȓȐșȤ ȘțȒȐ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖ ȚȧȕțȊȠȐȍșȧ Ȓ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȞȍ
ǺȈȒ ȠȓȐ ȌȕȐ Ȑ ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ ȟȍȋȖ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ
ȉȣȓȖ șȒȘȣȊȈȓ ȖȚ ȠȈȑȒȐ ȚȈȑȕț ȐȏȖȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ Ȑ
ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȗȖȓȤȏțȍȚșȧ ȓȐ Ȗȕ ȚȈȔ țșȗȍȝȖȔ ȐȓȐ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ
ȕȍ ȌȖȉȐȓșȧ ȖȚȊȍȚȕȖȑ șȚȘȈșȚȐ
Ǫ ȠȈȑȒȍ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȗȖȊȖȌț ȠȓȐ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȣ ȊȣșȒȈȏȣȊȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȊșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ
— DzȈȎȍȚșȧ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ șȖȊșȍȔ șȌȘȍȑȜȐȓ — ȏȓȖȉȕȖ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȓ ȘȣȎȐȑ ǬȎȍȒ — ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ
Ȗȕ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓșȧ ȚȈȒ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȐ ǻȎ ȕȍ ȊȓȦȉȐȓ-
șȧ ȓȐ ȥȚȖȚ ȈȕȈȘȝȐșȚ Ȑȏ ȈȕȈȘȝȐșȚȖȊ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȑ ȘȈȏȉȖȑȕȐȒ
șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ țȉȐȊȈȊȠȐȑ șȖȚȕȐ Ȑ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ"
— ǪȖȚ ȋȓțȗȖșȚȐ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓȐ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȋȖȓȖș ȌȊȍ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕ-
ȕȣȍ șȗțȚȕȐȞȣ ǬȈȑȉȕȈ — Ƕȕ ȓȦȉȐȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈș
— ǬȈ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȈȑȚȍ ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ, ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ Ȗȉȍ ȍȔț
ȌȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȕȈȌȖȍȓȐ ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ Țȣ ǴȈȘȚȈ ǹȈȔȈ ȝțȌȈ ȒȈȒ șȍ-
* Ɍɵ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɯɨɬɟɥɚ ɦɨɹ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɚɹ ȿɜɪɨɩɚ ɮɪ.).

196
ȓȍȌȒȈ Ȉ ȚțȌȈ Ȏȍ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȘȍȊȕțȍȠȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ț ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐ-
ȒȈ șȐȌȐȚ ȗȚȐȟȒȈ Ȋ ȒȓȍȚȒȍ Ȉ Țȣ ȊȣȕțȎȌȍȕȈ șȗȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȝȖȓȖȌ-
ȕȖȑ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖȑ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ Ȋ Țȍ ȕȖȟȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȈȔ ȐȏȔȍ-
ȕȧȍȚ ȊȈȠ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ Ȋȣ ȏȈȉȈȊȓȧȍȚȍșȤ ȌȘțȋ ș ȌȘțȋȖȔ Țȣ Ȑ
ǨȌȍȓȤ"
— ǫȕțșȕȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ DzȈȒ Țȣ șȔȍȍȠȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ ȕȈș Ȋșȧ--
ȒȐȍ ȋȈȌȖșȚȐ" ǪȖȚ ȧ șȒȈȎț ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒț
— ǵȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒț ǵȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒț — ȗȍȘȍȌȘȈȏȕȐȓ ǬȎȍȒ — DzȈ-
ȒȖȑ Ȗȕ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȖȉȈȉȐȓșȧ ș ȥȚȖȑ ȎȐȌȖȊȒȖȑ
ǽȖȌȐȚ ȝȔțȘȣȑ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȣȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ țȓȣȉȕȍȚșȧ ȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȠțȚȐȚ DzȈȎȍȚșȧ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ ȗȐȚȤ ǪȖȚ ȗȖȔȧȕȐȚȍ ȔȖȍ
șȓȖȊȖ ȊȣșȈȌȐȚ Ȗȕ ȊȈș ȖȉȍȐȝ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȉ ȎȐȌȖȊȒț ȗȖșȈȌȐȚ
ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȞȍȑ
—ǷțșȚȤ ȗȖȗȘȖȉțȍȚ
—ǬȈ ȗțșȚȤ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȏȣȡȍȚ ȇ ȍȑ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȗȘȖȗȐȠț ȟȚȖ
țȉȍȎȐȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȑ ȕȖșȈ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ
ǪȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ Ȑ șȚȈȓȐ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȗȖȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ-
ȗȍȘȍȌ ȖȉȍȡȈȧ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ ȖȚȖȔșȚȐȚȤ ǶșȒȈȘț ǬȈȑȉȕț ȏȈ ȐȏȔȍȕț
ȘȈȏȉȖȑȕȐȟȍșȒȖȔț ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍșȚȊț
ȀȈȑȒȈ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȖȔ țȋȈȌȈȓȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ
ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȈ
ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȗȕ ȐșȗȣȚȈȓ ȕȈșȚȖȧ-
ȡȍȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȓ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȍ ȝȖȚȧ șȈȔ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ șȖ-
ȏȕȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȊșȍȔȐ șȐȓȈȔȐ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ șȊȖȐ ȗȖȔȣșȓȣ
ȕȈ ȗțȚȤ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȣȝ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȑ ȟȐșȚȖ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȑ șȚȘȈșȚȐ
ǶșȚȈȊȈȧșȤ ȖȌȐȕ ǬȈȑȉȕ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ ȘȍȠȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȘȈ ȊșȍȔț ȥȚȖȔț
ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȊȏȧȚȤ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ȕȈșȐȓȐȍȔ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȍ-
ȘȍșȚȈȕȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȚȈȑȕȖȑ ȖȉȈȧȕȐȍ ȐșȟȍȏȕȍȚ Ȑ Ȗȕ șȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖ-
ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȔ Ȑ ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȔ Ƕ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȠȈȑ-
ȒȈ Ȗȕ țȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȖȚ ǼȘȐȞȈ ȌȈ Ȑ ȌȖȋȈȌȣȊȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȔ
ȏȓȖȉȕȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈȔ ȘȣȎȍȋȖ ǬȎȍȒȈ Ȑ ȗȖ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȖȔț ȚȖȕț
ǴȈȘȚȣ Ȑ ǨȌȍȓȐ
ǬȈȑȉȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȠȈȑȒȈ Ȋ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȈȊȈ Ȑ ȟȚȖ
Ȗȕ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȚȍȘȧȍȚ ȕȈȌ ȕȍȦ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ǩȍȠȍȕȈȧ ȏȓȖȉȈ ȖȊ-
ȓȈȌȍȊȈȓȈ ȐȔ Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ țȕȐȏȐȚȤ
ȖșȒȖȘȉȐȚȤ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȍȔ ȟțȎȐȝ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȑ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȑ ȗȖȚȍȝȖȑ
ȗȐȘȈȚșȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȉȍȋȈ ȏȈȋȈșȐȚȤ ȥȚȖ șȍȕȚȐȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ
Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȎȌȖȍ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȐȏȖȓȐȘȖȊȈȕ-

197
ȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ
—ǵȈȌȖ ȕȈȗȐȚȤșȧ
ǰ ǬȈȑȉȕ țșȚȘȖȐȓ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕțȦ ȗȐȘțȠȒț ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ ȗȍȚȤ
ȖȉȍȐȝ șȊȖȐȝ șȗțȚȕȐȞ ȗȖȌȏȈȌȖȘȐȓ ǬȎȍȒȈ ȗȖȌȘȈȚȤșȧ șȖ ǹȚȈ-
ȕȐșȓȈȊȖȔ ȝȖȝȖȚȈȓ ȌȖ țȗȈȌț ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ Ȑȝ ȒȈȚȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȗȖ ȗȖ-
ȓț ȚȍȓȈ Ȑ ȗȐȓ șȚȈȒȈȕ ȏȈ șȚȈȒȈȕȖȔ
ǪȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ ș ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ș ȚțșȒȓȖ-ȔȍȘȞȈȦȡȐ-
ȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ țȌȈȊȈ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȗȕ Ȓ ǸȖȏȍ ȊȍșȤ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȣȑ ȖȌ-
ȕȐȔ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍȔ ȖȏȊȍȘȍȊȠȍȋȖ șȈȔȞȈ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȗȘȍȕȍ-
ȉȘȍȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ǷȍȘȍȔȖȋȈȧ șȍȉȧ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȕȍ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȓȐ-
ȞȖ ǸȖȏȣ ǬȈȑȉȕ ȋȘțȉȖ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȒȘȍșȓȍ Ȑ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ șȓȍȋ-

198
ȒȈ ȖȝȘȐȗȠȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— ǵț ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ Ȕȣ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ
Ȋ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȤȦ ȒȖȔȍȌȐȦ ȇ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ șȦȌȈ Ȑ ȕȍ țȑȌț ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ
ȗȖȒȈ Țȣ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȔȖȍȦ ǹȓȣȠȐȠȤ ȧ ȝȖȟț Țȍȉȧ Ǩ ȍșȓȐ Țȣ
ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȞȈȘȈȗȈȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒ ȒȖȠȒȈ șȊȧȎț ȘțȒȐ
ǬȈȑȉȕ șȈȔ șȍȉȧ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȓ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȈȍȔȖȑ șȞȍȕȖȑ ȕȈșȐ-
ȓȐȧ
— ȇ ȗȘȐȊȧȎț Țȍȉȧ ȊȖȚ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț ȌȐȊȈȕț ǯȈȚȒȕț ȘȖȚ ȚȘȧȗ-
ȒȖȑ ȟȚȖȉ Țȣ ȕȍ ȊȐȏȎȈȓȈ ȇ șȖȘȊț ș Țȍȉȧ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ Ǫșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ
Țȣ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȕȈȋȖȚț șȖȚȕȧȔ ȔțȎȟȐȕ
ǸȖȏȈ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓȈșȤ ȊȖ ȊȍșȤ ȘȖșȚ Ȑ ȖȒȐȕțȓȈ ǬȈȑȉȕȈ ȗȘȍȏȘȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ
— Ǫȣ ȗȤȧȕȣ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ș ȖȚȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍȔ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ
ȗȍȘȊȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȓȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȏȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȊȖȍ-
ȋȖ ȗȓȍȕȈ ȕȈ ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕȍª ǯȊțȒ ȍȍ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓ ǬȈȑȉȕȈ Ȑ
Ȗȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȉȍȌȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ ȏȈ ȕȍȦ ǹ ȗȖșȓȍȌ-
ȕȐȔ ȊȏȘȣȊȖȔ șȚȘȈșȚȐ Ȗȕ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȞȍ ǸȖȏȈ
ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȚșȒȖȟȐȓȈ Ȋ țȋȖȓ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ ȍȍ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ
ȜȓȈȒȖȕ
— ǭȡȍ ȖȌȕȖ ȊȈȠȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȧ ȊȣȗȤȦ ȊȖȚ ȥȚȖ ǯȌȍșȤ —
ȞȐȈȕȐșȚȖȍ ȒȈȓȐ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȘȍȠȐȊȠȈȧșȧ ȕȈ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȗȖȌȊȐȋ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȊȠȈȧ
ȕȈ șȞȍȕȍ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ș ȞȍȓȤȦ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ȗȐȘȈȚȈ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȓȈ ș ȒȈȒȐȔ ȏȊȍȘȍȔ ȍȑ
ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȐȔȍȚȤ ȌȍȓȖ Ȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȕȖșȐȓȈ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȧȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȉȣȓ ȕȍ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȜȓȈȒȖȕȍ ǷȍȘșȚȍȕȤ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕ-
ȚȖȔ ȕȈȎȈȚȣȑ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȓ ȚȖȕȒțȦ Ȑȋȓț
ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕțȦ ȐȕȌȐȑșȒȐȔ ȧȌȖȔ ǶȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȊ-
ȕȣȍ ȠȗȐȓȤȒȐ ǸȖȏȈ ȕȖșȐȓȈ ș șȖȉȖȦ Ȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ șȚȐȓȍȚ Ȑ
ȒȘȖȠȍȟȕȣȑ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ ș ȗțȓȧȔȐ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȌȘȖȉȐȕȒȐ ȕȖ Ȋ țȋ-
ȓțȉȓȍȕȐȧȝ Ȑȝ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȈșȤ șȔȍȘȚȖȕȖșȕȈȧ ȔȈșȚȐȒȈ ș ȧȌȖȔ ȒȖȉ-
Șȣ Ȑ șȖȒȖȔ țȗȈșȈ
ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ ȋȘțȏȕȖ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȘȍșȓȖ Ȑ șȐȌȍȓ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ
ȊȘȍȔȧ ȏȈȒȘȣȊ ȓȐȞȖ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
— ǵȖ ȗȖȑȔȐ — ȗȘȖȝȘȐȗȍȓ Ȗȕ — ȇ Țȍȉȧ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȉȍȏțȔ-
ȕȖ ȓȦȉȓȦ
— ǰ ȗȖȚȖȔț Ȋȣ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȊȏȧȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȕțșȕȣȔ ȕȈșȐȓȐȍȔ"
DzȈȒ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ ȔțȟȈȍȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ

199
Ȋ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȕȖȔ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȐ ȖșȒȖȘȉȓȧȍȚȍ ȋȘțȉȣȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ
ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ ȕȈȗȐȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ țȓȐȟȕȣȑ ȝțȓȐȋȈȕ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȈȉȘȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȝȘȈȉȘȖșȚȐ" ǵȍȌțȘȕȖȑ șȗȖșȖȉ ȏȈȊȖȍȊȈȚȤ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ
ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȓȦȉȐȚȍ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȌȈȍȚȍ
Ȕȕȍ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȍȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȊȣȑȚȐ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȑ ȚȦȘȤȔȣ
șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȗȖȌȣȠȈȚȤ ȟȐșȚȣȔ ȊȖȏȌț-
ȝȖȔ" ȇ ȏȌȍșȤ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȦșȤ țȔȐȘȈȦ ȖȚ ȚȖșȒȐ ȉȖȦșȤ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ
ȠȖȘȖȝȈ ȉȖȦșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȗȖȌȓȖ ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏțȍȚȍșȤ ȔȖȐȔ șȕȖȔ
ǰ Ȋȣ ȍȡȍ șȔȍȍȚȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȕȕȍ Ȗ ȓȦȉȊȐ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȋȕȍȊȍ ǶȕȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ ȗȐȘȈȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȉȖȋȐȕȧ ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ ȖșȒȖȘȉȓȍȕȕȈȧ șȓȈȌȖșȚ-
ȘȈșȚȕȣȔ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ Ȋ ȗȖȝȖȚȐ șȊȖȍȑ șȈȚȐȘȖȔ
ǰ ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȐȕȖȔ Ȑ șȚȘȈșȚȤȦ țȗȈȓ
ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȦ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȍȍ ȘțȒȐ

ǹțȌȖȘȖȋȈ ȖȔȍȘȏȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȗȖ Țȍȓț ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȖȕȈ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȝ ȋțȉ Ȑ ȍȍ ȕȍȎ-
ȕțȦ ȒȖȎț ȎȋȓȐ șȓȍȏȣ ȖȉȍȏțȔȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȗȐȘȈȚȈ ǵȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȍȘȍ-
șȐȓȐȓȈ șȍȉȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȚȌȍȘȕțȓȈ ȘțȒȐ
— Ǫșȍ Ȋșȍ șȌȍȓȈȦ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȍȠȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉțȌȤ
ȔȖȍȦ
— ǵȈȌȍȑșȧ — ȗȘȖȏȊțȟȈȓ ȋȖȓȖș ǸȖȏȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȖȕȈ șȚȈ-
ȘȈȓȈșȤ ȗȘȐȌȈȚȤ ȖȚȚȍȕȖȒ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖșȚȐ Ȑ șȕȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ

201
XIII
ǻǼǰǮȍ ȌDzǶȂȊ
DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕȍª ȕȈȟȈȓȈșȤ ȕȖȊȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȖȒȖȘȐȓșȧ ǸȖȏȍ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ
ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȟȍȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ țȋȖȌȐȚȤ ȍȑ ǷȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓ ȍȍ ș ǼȘȐ-
ȞȍȔ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȊȚȘȖȍȔ ȖȉȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȍ șțȌȕȖ ȓȦȉȖȊȈ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȑȏ ȖȒȖȕ ȒȈȦȚ-ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȐ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣȔȐ ȊȐȌȈȔȐ ș ȗȚȐ-
ȟȤȍȋȖ ȗȖȓȍȚȈ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȋȈȓȍȘȍȦ Ȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ
șȔȍȧȓȈșȤ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȔ ȓțȟȈȔ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖȔț ȊȍȚȍȘȒț ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȣȑ ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕª ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ ȊȐșȍȓ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ
ǷȖ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȦ ǸȖȏȣ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȍ șțȌȕȖ ȚȖ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȌȊȐ-
ȋȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȉȓȐȏȒȖȔ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȖȚ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȚȖ ș ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ
ȓȦȒȈȔȐ ȗȖȌȕȧȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ ȊȣșȖȚț șȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍ-
șȓȖșȤ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȧ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤ ȌȖ 500 ȊȍȘșȚ Ȋ ȟȈș ȅȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȓȖ
ȟȚȖ ©ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȞȈª ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȏȊȈȓȈ ǸȖȏț ȠȈȑȒȈ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȓȈ Ȏȍ-
ȓȈȕȐȍ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȕȣȑ țȋȖȓȖȒ ȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ
ȠȈȘȈ
©ǬȘȈȒȖȕª ȗȖ ȊȖȓȍ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȗȈȘȐȓ ȕȈȌ ǹȈȝȈȘȖȑ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȖȗȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȗȘȐȉȖȘ ȧșȕȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȐȌȕȣ ȔȍȌ--
ȓȍȕȕȖ ȚȧȕțȡȐȍșȧ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕȣ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȕȈȋȘțȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȍȘȉȓȦ-
ȌȖȊ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȒȐȊȈȦȡȐȝ ȋȖȓȖȊȈȔȐ Ǩ Ȋ ȕȍȗȘȐșȚțȗȕȖȑ ȗȖȓț-
ȋȖȘȕȖȑ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ ȉȘȖȌȐȓȐ ȞȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȝȐȡȕȐȒȐ Ȑȝ ȋȖȘ-
Ȍȣȍ ȒȖșȔȈȚȣȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ ȊȊȍȘȝ Ȑ ȊȖ ȊȏȖȘȈȝ ȓȤȊȖȊ
ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȖȟȍșȚȤ ȕȍ Ȑșȗțȋ ȕȖ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȊȐ-
ȌȈȕȕȣȔ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȍȔ ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȐ ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕª
ȏȈ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȓȍȚȈȦȡȍȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȖȧȓȐșȤ ȍȋȖ ȚȈȒ
ȒȈȒ ȗțȋȈȍȚ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ șȓȈȉȖ-
ȋȖ șȐȓȈȔȐ ȕȖ ȉȍȏȔȍȘȕȖ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ǯȈ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕª țșȗȍȓ ȗȖȉȣȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȕȈ ǹȍȊȍȘȕȖȔ
ȗȖȓȦșȍ ȗȖȒȘțȎȐȓșȧ ȕȈȌ ǰșȓȈȕȌȐȍȑ ȗȖȉȣȊȈȓ Ȋ Țȍȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ
ȒțȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȕȐȒ ȞȐȊȐȓȐȏȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ǹȘȖȒ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ǶșȒȈȘȖȔ ǬȈȑȉȕȖȔ ȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȒȖȕ-
Ȟț ȕȖ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȑ ȗȐȘȈȚ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȏȈȉȣȓ Ȗ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȡȍȑ ȒȘȖ-
ȊȈȊȖȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ
ȀȈȑȒȈ ȕȐȟȍȔ ȧȊȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȓȈ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȊȠȐȝ ȍȍ ȟțȊșȚȊ

202
ȕȍȋȖȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȏȓȖȉȣ ȕȖ ǸȖȏȈ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ țȓȈȊȓȐȊȈȓȈ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȍ
ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣ ȗȐȘȈȚȖȊ Ȑ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȌȊțȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȝ ȚȈȒ Ȑ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȈ ȉȍȠȍȕȈȧ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤ
ǻȎȍ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ șȓȣȠȈȓȈ țȋȘȖȏȣ șȒȈȏȈȕȕȣȍ ȊȗȖȓ-
ȋȖȓȖșȈ ǸȣȎȐȑ ǬȎȍȒ Ȋȍȓ șȍȉȧ Ȋșȍ ȕȈȝȈȓȤȕȍȍ ȗȘȐ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍ
ȞȐȕȐȟȕȖ ȖșȒȓȈȉȓȧȓ șȊȖȑ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȘȖȚ ș ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȎȍȓȚȣȔȐ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ȋȖȘȐȓȓȣ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȉȍșȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȕȖ ȏȈȌȍȊȈȓ
ȗȓȍȟȖȔ
ǸȖȏȈ ȌȍȓȐȓȈșȤ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧȔȐ ș ǼȘȐȞȍȔ
— ǬȈ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ȍȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ — Ǫșȍ
ȖȕȐ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȏȓȣȍ Ȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ ȇ Ȑȝ ȉȖȦșȤ Ȑ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȎț ǵȖ
ǶșȒȈȘ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȕțȎȕȣ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȥȚȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ
ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȚȍȘȧȚȤ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȎȈȓȍȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȋȘȖȏȐȚ ȊȐ-
șȍȓȐȞȈ ȇ ȓȦȉȓȦ ǶșȒȈȘȈ ȕȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȎȐȊțȚ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȌȊȈ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ƕȕ — țȟȍȕȣȑ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȎȈȎȌȣ ȗȖȏȕȈȚȤ ȚȈȑȕȣ ȗȘȐ-
ȘȖȌȣ ȋȖȚȖȊȣȑ ȉȍșȒȖȘȣșȚȕȖ șȓțȎȐȚȤ ȕȈțȒȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȚȖȔ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȌțȠȐ șȗȖșȖȉȕȣȑ Ȓ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȔ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȕ-
ȕȖșȚȧȔ Ǵȍȕȧ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ Ȗȕ ȓȦȉȐȚ ȒȈȒ ȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȣȕȈ ǵȖ Ȋ
ȕȍȔ ȎȐȊȍȚ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȒȈȒ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȥȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȌȊȖȑȕȐȒȈ ǶșȒȈȘ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȓ ȚȈȒȐȍ țȎȈșȣ ȗȘȐ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐ-
ȕȈȕȐȐ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȚȣȕȍȚ ȒȘȖȊȤ
ǶȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ǼȘȐȞȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȧșȕȖ ǸȖȏȍ ȊșȦ ȕȍȊȖȏ-
ȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȌȍȓȈȚȤ șȚȘȈșȚȕțȦ ȕȍȖȉțȏȌȈȕȕțȦ ȕȈȚțȘț ȗȐȘȈ-
ȚȈ ȚȍșȕȖ șȊȧȏȈȊȠȍȋȖ șȊȖȦ șțȌȤȉț ș ȠȈȑȒȖȑ ȋȕțșȕȣȝ ȏȓȖ-
ȌȍȍȊ ǵȖ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ ȖȕȈ ȖȚȖȔșȚȐȚ ȒȈȒ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȚ ǬȈȑȉȕȈ ȊȔȍș-
Țȍ ș ȍȋȖ ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕȖȔª"
ǹ țȎȈșȖȔ ȌțȔȈȓȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȟȚȖ ȍȑ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȉȣȚȤ șȊȐȌȍ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȍȑ ȘȈȏȋȘȖȔȈ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȝ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊ
ǬȖ șȘȖȒȈ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȊșȍȋȖ ȚȘȐ Ȍȕȧ ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȍȑ țȌȈ-
șȚșȧ țȉȍȌȐȚȤ ǬȈȑȉȕȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ"
ǪȖȏȌțȠȕȣȑ ȗȐȘȈȚ ȊȣșȓțȠȈȓ ǸȖȏț ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ǭȋȖ ȗȖ-
ȉȓȍȌȕȍȊȠȍȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȐșȒȈȏȐȓȈ ȋȖȘȤȒȈȧ țșȔȍȠȒȈ
— ǷȖȏȌȕȖ ȧ ȏȈȘȊȈȓșȧ ȅȒȐȗȈȎ ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈª ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ
ȗȘȖșȚȐȚ Ȕȕȍ ȚȈȒȖȑ șȓȈȉȖșȚȐ ǻ ȕȐȝ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ©Ȍȍ-
ȓȈª Ǫșȍ ȖȕȐ ȎȈȎȌțȚ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȋȘȈȉȍȎȈ ȕȈșȐȓȐȧ ȕȈȌ ȎȍȕȡȐ-
ȕȈȔȐ ǵȍȐșȚȖȊȣȔ ȝȖȝȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍ-
ȟȍșȒȐȍ șȚȖȕȣ ȔȖȓȤȉȣ Ȗ ȗȖȡȈȌȍ ȒȘȐȒȐ Ȗ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ Ȋȣ ȊȖ ȊȓȈșȚȐ șȊȖȍȑ ȠȈȑȒȐ" Ǫȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȊȍșȤ

203
ȔȐȘ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȖȔ ȉȖȐȚșȧ ȕȖ Ȑ țȊȈȎȈȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȉȍȏȔȍȘ-
ȕțȦ șȊȍȘȝȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒțȦ șȐȓț Ȋȣ ȘȈȉ ȥȚȐȝ ȉȈȕȌȐȚȖȊ" ǹȚȣ-
ȌȐȚȍșȤ ȇ ȊȈș șȟȐȚȈȓȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȏȓȖȌȍȍȔ ȊȘȈȋȖȔ ȊșȍȋȖ ȎȐȊț-
ȡȍȋȖ ȧ ȊȈș ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȓȈ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȊȈș ȗȘȍȏȐȘȈȦ ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ
Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȐȏȉȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȖȗȍȒȐ ȒȈȚȖȘȎȕȐȒȖȊ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȍ-
ȊȍȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȖȓțȏȊȍȘȍȑ" ǪȣșȈȌȐȚȍ Ȑȝ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ǫȣ
ȧ Ȑ ǼȘȐȞ ȘȈȏȊȍ Ȕȣ ȕȍșȗȖșȖȉȕȣ ȖȌȕȐ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤ ©ǬȘȈȒȖ-
ȕȖȔª" ǵȈȑȌțȚșȧ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȟȍșȚȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȣȍ ȐȌȍȍ ȇ
ȊȈș șȊȍȌț ș ȕȐȔȐ ǶșȒȈȘ ȗȖȑȌȐȚȍ ȗȖ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȕȈȟȕȐ-
Țȍ șȓțȎȐȚȤ ȌȖȉȘț Ȑ ȧ ȉțȌț ȊȈȠȍȑ
— ǷȖȏȌȕȖ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȦ ȊȈȔ Ǵȍȕȧ ș ȔȖȐȔȐ șȗțȚȕȐȒȈȔȐ
șȊȧȏȈȓȐ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȍ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ©ǬȘȈ-
ȒȖȕª ȗȓȣȓ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȕȈȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȦ ǩȣȓȖ ȘȈȕȕȍȍ țȚȘȖ ǫțș-
ȚȖȑ ȚțȔȈȕ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ȉȖȓȖȚ ǪȌȘțȋ ȕȈ ȊȖșȚȖȒȍ ȏȈȈȓȍȓȈ
ȗȖȓȖșȈ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȈ Ȑ ȚțȔȈȕ ȖȒȘȈșȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȑ ȞȊȍȚ DzȈ-
ȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȉȖȓȖȚȕȣȍ ȗȚȐȞȣ ȗȘȖȉțȌȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȓ ȌȕȍȊȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ
șȚȖȕȈȓȐ ȚȈȔ ȊȕȐȏț ȎȈȓȖȉȕȣȔȐ ȋȖȓȖșȈȔȐ ǰ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ
ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ șȚȖȕȣ țȔȐȘȈȦȡȐȝ ȏȈȋțȉȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȔȕȖȑ Ȑ ȚțȔȈȕ ȥȚȖȚ
— ȐșȗȈȘȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȓȐȚȖȑ ȔȕȖȦ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȍȍ ȏȈ-
ȗȈȝ ȗȤȧȕȧȡȐȑ ȚȍȘȗȒȐȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȇ șȓȣ-
ȠȈȓ șȚȖȕȣ ǰ Ȋ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȌȍȕȤ Ȕȣ ȘȈȏȘțȠȐȓȐ ȌȖ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȧ
ȕȐ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȐȕȕȣȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȓȐ ȔȐȘȕțȦ șȚȘȈȕț ȌȐ-
ȒȐȔȐ țȎȈșȈȔȐ ȘȈȏȉȖȑȕȐȟȤȍȋȖ ȕȈȉȍȋȈ
ǸȖȏȈ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȝȖȓȖȌ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȐ ȅȚȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗțȋȈȓ
ȍȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍ șȊȖȐȔ ȏȓȖȌȍȑșȚȊȖȔ Ȉ ȖȋȕȍȔ ȉȍȏțȔȐȧ ȔȍȓȤ-
ȒȈȊȠȐȔ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ țȎȈșȍ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȓȈ ȗȘȍȌ ȕȍȦ ȚȈȑȕȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǵȖ ȖȕȈ ȍȡȍ
ȕȍ ȚȍȘȧȓȈ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ țȉȍȌȐȚȤ
— ǵȖ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȊȈȔ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȟȚȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
ȊȈȠȈ ȠȈȑȒȈ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȚ ȊȈȔ ȗȖȌȓȖ ȊȈș ȗȘȍȌȈșȚ? ǪȍȌȤ ȏȈ ȊȈȠț
ȋȖȓȖȊț ȏȈȗȓȈȚȧȚ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ǫȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȗȘȖș Ȗȉ
ȥȚȖȔ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȔȍȎȌțȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȔ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚȍ ǩȈȕ-
ȌȐȚȣ ȔȖȋțȚ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȐȚȤșȧ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ Ȑ ȗȘȖȡȍȕȐȍȔ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȘȍ-
șȚțȗȓȍȕȐȑ ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ țȎȍ șȒțȟȈȦȚ ȗȖ ȏȍȔȓȍ
dzȐȞȖ ǶșȒȈȘȈ ǬȈȑȉȕȈ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȖ șȈȚȈȕȐȕșȒȖȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ
— ȇ ȖȉȍȏȖȗȈșȐȓ șȍȉȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ șȓțȟȈȑ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȗȘȍ-
ȌȈȕȕȖșȚȤ ȧ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȦ ȅȚȖ ȚȐȋȘȣ ȕȈ ȞȍȗȐ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȌȓȣȍ ȚȘțș-
ȓȐȊȣȍ ȝȐȡȕȐȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȧ ȌȍȘȎț ȕȈ ȗȈȘȜȖȘșȕȖȔ ȖȠȍȑȕȐ-

204
Ȓȍ ǵȖ ȍșȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȖȕȐ ȊȏȌțȔȈȦȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȤ Ȋ șȈ-
ȔțȦ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȦȦ ȔȐȕțȚț ȧ ȊȏȖȘȊț ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕª ǹȈȔ șȊȖȐȔȐ Șț-
ȒȈȔȐ țșȚȘȖȐȓ ȧ ȈȌșȒȐȑ ȗȘȐȉȖȘ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ Ȑ ȔȖȑ
ȓȦȉȐȔȣȑ ǼȘȐȞ ǬȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȕȈȎȈȚȤ ȒȕȖȗȒț Ȑ ȖȚ ȊȖȏȌțȠ-
ȕȖȋȖ șțȌȕȈ ȖȚ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈș ȖșȚȈȕțȚșȧ ȔȍȓȤȟȈȑȠȐȍ ȖșȒȖȓȒȐ
ȖȉȘȣȊȒȐ ȔȧșȈ
ǸȖȏȈ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓȈșȤ ǵȖȊȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ ȖȏȈȘȐȓȈ ȍȍ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ
— Ǩ Ȕȕȍ Ȋȣ ȖȚȒȘȖȍȚȍ ȚȈȑȕț"
— ǯȈȟȍȔ"
— ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȋȣ ȕȍ țșȗȍȍȚȍ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȊȈș șȝȊȈȚȧȚ
șȊȧȎțȚ Ǩ ȊȍȌȤ ȊȈȠȈ ȋȐȉȍȓȤ ȉțȌȍȚ Ȑ ȔȖȍȑ ȋȐȉȍȓȤȦ Ǵȍȕȧ ȕȍ-
ȕȈȊȐȌȧȚ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȡȈȌȧȚ
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ Ȕȣ ȕȐȟȍȔ ȕȍ șȊȧȏȈȕȣ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ Ǫȣ — șȐȓȤ-
ȕȈȧ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ șțȔȍȍȚȍ ȗȖșȚȖȧȚȤ ȏȈ șȍȉȧ ǰșȗț-
ȋȈȍȚ ȓȐ ȊȈș ȠȈȑȒȈ ȉȈȕȌȐȚȖȊ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȐșȗțȋȈȓȐșȤ ȍȍ ȈȚȈ-
ȔȈȕȈ? ǪȖȚ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ — ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ ȗȘȍȘȣȊȈȦ-
ȡȐȔșȧ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ — ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȋȣ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓȐșȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȖȉȣȖȚȊȈșȚȈȑȕ.
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Ǫ ȥȚț ȕȖȟȤ ǸȖȏȈ țȏȕȈȓȈ ȘȖȒȖȊțȦ ȚȈȑȕț țȉȐȑȞȣ DzȖȕȌ-
ȘȈȚȐȧ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȖȋȖ
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ǭȊȘȖȗȈ ș ȚȘȍȗȍȚȖȔ ȖȎȐȌȈȓȈ ȊȖșȝȖȌȈ șȖȓȕȞȈ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȈ-
ȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ǶșȒȈȘȖȔ ǬȈȑȉȕȖȔ Ȍȓȧ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȍȋȖ ©ȗȖȊȍ-
ȓȍȕȐȑª Ǫșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȋȖȚȖȊȖ Ȓ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȕȍșȓȣȝȈȕȕȖȑ Ȋ ȐșȚȖ-
ȘȐȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȈ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȈȧ ȊȐȕȖȊȕȐȞȈ
ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ șȊȍȚ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ȗȐȘȈȚȈ ȗȍȘȊȈȧ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȈ Ȗȉ-
ȘȍȟȍȕȕȈȧ Ȋ țȓȤȚȐȔȈȚțȔȍ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȋȘȖȔ ȘȍȠȐȓȈ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤ ȊȘȈ-
ȋȈ Ȋ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȖșȚȧȝ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȈ ȒțȌȈ ȉȣȓȐ șȚȧȕțȚȣ ȈȘȔȐȐ Ȋșȍȝ
ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊ ǭȊȘȖȗȣ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȐ țșȚȘȖȍȕȣ ȐșȒțșȕȖ șȒȘȣȚȣȍ
ȉȈȚȈȘȍȐ Ȑ Ȋ Țȣșȧȟȍ ȈȕȋȈȘȖȊ ȖȎȐȌȈȓȐ șȐȋȕȈȓȈ Ȍȓȧ ȊȏȓȍȚȈ
ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȣ Ȑ ȌȐȘȐȎȈȉȓȐ
ǵȖ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȌȍȕȤ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȗȘȖȠȓȈ ȞȍȓȈȧ ȕȍȌȍȓȧ Ȉ ©ǬȘȈ-
ȒȖȕª ȕȍ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓșȧ

205
ǻȔȣ șȚȈȓȐ țȎȍ țșȗȖȒȈȐȊȈȚȤșȧ Ǫ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ ȊȣșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐșȤ
ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȑ ȗȐȘȈȚ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȖȚ șȊȖȍȋȖ
ȉȍȏțȔȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȔȣșȓȈ ȐȓȐ ȥȚȖȔț ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȚȈȒ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ ©ǬȘȈ-
ȒȖȕª ȗȖȋȐȉ ȖȚ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȓȐȉȖ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ
ǶȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȑ ȏȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȗ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȔ
șțȌȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȓȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ
ǵȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ Ȋ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȈ 3-ȑ ȌȍȕȤ ǷȈșȝȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȓȦȌȐ
șȘȍȌȐ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȍșȚȊ ȗȖȟȚȐ țȎ ȏȈȉȣȓȐ Ȗȉ Ƕș-
ȒȈȘȍ ǬȈȑȉȕȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȈșȤ ȖȠȍȓȖȔȓȧȦȡȈȧ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȈ Ȑȏ
ǷȈȘȐȎȈ.
©ǬȘȈȒȖȕª ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ ȊȍșȤ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȖȋȕȧȔȐ, ȕȈȌ ȋȖȘȖ-
ȌȖȔ ȘȈȏȘțȠȐȓ ȅȑȜȍȓȍȊț ȉȈȠȕȦ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȐȊ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ
ȊȘȍȌȈ ȗȘȖȔȟȈȓșȧ ȌȈȓȍȍ ȕȈ ȊȖșȚȖȒ
ǵȈ țȚȘȖ -ȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȗȈșȝȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ
țȎȍ ȉȣȓ ȖȒȖȓȖ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȈ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈȌ ȗȖȓȍȔ ȋȌȍ
ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȣ ȖȘțȌȐȧ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȑ ȌȍșȧȚȒȐ Țȣșȧȟ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖȎȍȘȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ șȖȉȖȑ ǹȓȖȊȕȖ ȌȘȈȏȕȧ ȐȏȌȍȊȈȧșȤ
ȕȈȌ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕª ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȚȍ  ȔȍȚ-
ȘȖȊ ǸȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȋȘȖȝȖȚ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗțȠȍȒ ș ȖȋȓțȠȈȦȡȐȔ
ȚȘȍșȒȖȔ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȓȐșȤ ȔȖȓȕȐȧȔȐ Ȗȋȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȠȈȘȣ ǷȍȘȟȈȚ-
ȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȈ — ȉȖȑ ȕȈȟȈȓșȧ ǯȈȋȘȍȔȍȓȐ șȖȚȕȐ ȖȘțȌȐȑ
ȖșȣȗȈȧ ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕª ȘȈȏȘȣȊȕȣȔȐ șȕȈȘȧȌȈȔȐ ȊȏȊȐȓȐșȤ ȈȥȘȖ-
ȗȓȈȕȣ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȗȖȓȏȓȐ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȌȐȘȐȎȈȉȓȐ ǰ ș ȕȐȝ ȗȖșȣ-
ȗȈȓșȧ ȋȘȈȌ ȉȖȔȉ
Ǫșȍ ȊȐȌȍȊȠȐȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ ȉȖȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȣ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ
șȕȈȘȧȌȣ ȘȈȏȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ 15 ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȖȚ ©ǬȘȈȒȖ-
ȕȈª ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȧȧ ȍȔț ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȌȈ Ȉ șȈȔ ȊȖȏ-
ȌțȠȕȣȑ ȗȐȘȈȚ ȍȡȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓ ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȊȐșȍȓ ȕȍȗȖ-
ȌȊȐȎȕȖ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ țȋȘȖȎȈȦȡȐȑ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ Ȑ ȘȈȏ-
ȘțȠȍȕȐȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ șȖȉȐȘȈȦȡȍȍșȧ ș șȐȓȈȔȐ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖș-
ȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȣȎȒȈ
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©ǬȘȈȒȖȕȖȔª țȎȍ ȕȍ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȓ ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ Ƕȕ ǼȘȐȞ Ȑ
ǸȖȏȈ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȓț ȐȏȖȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ
ȀȈȑȒȈ ȘȍȠȐȓȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ©ȗȖȗțȋȈȚȤª Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȊȖȑȚȐ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȖ-

206
Șȣ ș ȌȍȘȎȈȊȈȔȐ Ȗ ȊȣȌȈȟȍ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ȗȐȘȈȚȈ ǪȖ ȋȓȈȊȍ ȊȖȏ-
ȔțȚȐȊȠȐȝșȧ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȔȈȠȐȕȐșȚ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȐȏțȟȐȊȠȐȑ țȗ-
ȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕȖȔª Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈ-
ȔȐ Ȑ ȘȣȎȐȑ ǬȎȍȒ Ȋ ȊȍȌȍȕȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȑ ȘȈȕȍȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȈșȤ
ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȈȘȚȐȓȓȍȘȐȧ
ǸȖȏȈ Ȑ ǼȘȐȞ ȗȖȒȖȘȐȓȐșȤ șțȌȤȉȍ ȕȖ ǬȈȑȉȕ ȉȍșȕȖȊȈȓșȧ
ǵȈȗȘȧȋȈȧ șȊȖȐ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȍ ȔțșȒțȓȣ Ȗȕ ȒȈȚȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ
șȐȓȧșȤ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȚȤ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȐ ǬȖȉȘȈȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȌȖ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ
Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ș ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔȐ țșȐȓȐȧȔȐ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȚȐȘȈȚȤ
ȊȍȘȍȊȒȐ Ȗȉ ȖșȚȘȣȑ ȒȘȈȑ șȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȚȖȓȖȒȐ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȓ-
ȟȈșȈ ȕȍȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ ȍȔț țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȤ
ȘțȒȐ
ǶșȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ țȎȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗțșȚȧȒȈȔȐ
ǻ ǼȘȐȞȈ ȕȈȠȍȓșȧ șȒȓȈȌȕȖȑ ȕȖȎ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ
Ȋșȍ ȚȘȐ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕȣ ǶșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȖȚȊȖȘȐȚȤ
ȌȊȍȘȤ ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȉȘȖșȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ș ȘȈȏȉȍ-
ȋȈ Ȑ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȗȖȌ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȋțȟȐȔ ȕȈȚȐșȒȖȔ ș ȋȘȖȝȖȚȖȔ țȗȈȓȈ Ȋ
ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ
ǵȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȠȈȑȒȐ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ șȘȍȌȐ ȚȘȍșȒȈ ȘȈȏȘȣȊȈȦ-
ȡȐȝșȧ ȈȘȚȐȓȓȍȘȐȑșȒȐȝ șȕȈȘȧȌȖȊ ȒȈȒ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȓșȧ ȈȚȈȔȈȕ
Ƕȕ ȧȊȐȓșȧ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ șȘȍȌȐ ȊȖșșȚȈȊȠȐȝ ȕȖȎȖȔ ǼȘȐȞȈ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȎȐȓ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ȔȈȠȐȕȐșȚȈ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ȖȒ-
ȘȖȊȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȚȘțȗ ȘȣȎȍȋȖ ǬȎȍȒȈ țȗȈȓ Ȓ ȕȖȋȈȔ ǬȈȑȉȕȈ
— ǼȘȐȞ ǹȚȈȕȖȊȐșȤ Ȓ ȔȈȠȐȕȈȔ
Ǫșȧ ȠȈȑȒȈ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȈ Ȋ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖȔ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔ ȒȖ-
Ȕț ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȈ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ ȉȍșȗȘȍȒȖșȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȤ-
șȧ
— ȇ șȈȔ ȉțȌț țȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤ ȈȘȚȐȓȓȍȘȐȍȑ ǹȚȈȕȐșȓȈȊ Ȓ ȗȘȖ-
ȎȍȒȚȖȘț
Ǫ ǶșȒȈȘȍ ǬȈȑȉȕȍ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ ȋȖȘȌȣȑ ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȑ ȗȐȘȈȚ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ Ȋ ȧȘȖșȚȕȖȔ ȖșȓȍȗȓȍȕȐȐ șȊȍȘȝȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȦ ȊȓȈșȚȤȦ
ȝȖȚȍȓ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ ȓȍȎȈȡȐȔ ț ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋ
ǸȖȏȈ ȗȣȚȈȓȈșȤ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ǬȈȑȉȕȈ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȋȘțȉȖ ȍȍ ȖȚ-
ȚȖȓȒȕțȓ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȖȒȕț
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȕȖȍ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȍ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȓȖ ȗȘȍȌ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ǰșȒțșȕȖ șȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȉȈȚȈȘȍȐ ȊȏȘȣȊȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȗȖȌ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍȔ șȐȓȖȊȣȝ ȓțȟȍȑ ȘțȎȤȧ șȖȓȌȈȚ Ȑ ȏȈȗȈș-
ȕȣȍ ȗȈȚȘȖȕȣ ȘȈȏȘȧȎȈȓȐșȤ șȈȔȐ șȖȉȖȑ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȘțȠȐȓȐșȤ ȖȚ

207
ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȉȖȔȉ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȌșȚȘȍȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȚȐȞȣ șȓȖȎȐȊ
ȒȘȣȓȤȧ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȣ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȕȍțȒȓȦȎȐȍ ȌȐȘȐȎȈȉ-
ȓȐ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȓȐ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȍȔ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȋȈȏȈ Ȑȝ ȗȖȟȍȘȕȍȊ-
ȠȐȍ ȋȖȕȌȖȓȣ ȋȘțȏȕȖ ȓȍȚȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ǪșȦȌț ȖȋȖȕȤ ȌȣȔ
ȓȍȚȧȡȐȍ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȖșȒȖȓȒȐ Ȑ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȕȈ ȟȈșȚȐ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ ȚȘțȗȣ
ǹ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȖȚ țȎȈșȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ǸȖȏȈ ȉȘȖșȐ-
ȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ ǶșȒȈȘȈ ǬȈȑȉȕȈ ȘȈȏȉȐȓȈ șȚȍȒȓȖ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐ-

ȟȍșȒȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȉȒȐ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȍ Ȑ ȕȈȎȈȓȈ ȒȕȖȗȒț ȚȈȑȕț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ
ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȗȐȘȈȚ Ȋ ȔȐȕțȚț ȗȣȓȒȖȑ șȚȘȈșȚȐ
_____
ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȣȑ ȊȏȘȣȊ ©ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈª ȗȘȐȗȐșȣȊȈȓȐ țȌȈȟȕȣȔ Ȋȣ-
șȚȘȍȓȈȔ -ȌȦȑȔȖȊȖȑ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȕȖȑ ȗțȠȒȐ ǵȐȒȚȖ
ȕȍ țȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȔȐȘ șȗȈșȓȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ Ȑ ȐȔȧ ȍȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȍ țȊȍ-
ȒȖȊȍȟȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȍȔ Ȋ șȊȍȚȍ ȗȈȔȧȚȕȐȒȍ
Ǹ S. ǿȐȚȈȚȍȓȐ ȥȚȖȑ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ ȔȖȋțȚ ȗȖȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ
ȗȓȖȌȖȔ ȟȐșȚȖȑ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȐ ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȖȗȣȚȣ
Ǻȍșȓȣ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȐȓȐ ©șȐȓȖȊȣȍ ȓțȟȐª Ȑ ©ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗț-
ȠȒȐª DzȖȕȌȘȈȚȐȧ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȖȋȖ Ȉ ȕȈȌ ȊȣȧșȕȍȕȐȍȔ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ șȐȓȣ
ȚȧȎȍșȚȐ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȐȚȧȎȍȕȐȧ ȕȍȉȍȏțșȗȍȠȕȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦȚ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȐȍ
șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȍ țȟȍȕȣȍ ǰșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȐȍ Ȏȍ ȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȖȔȈȋȕȍ-
ȚȐȏȔȈ ȍșȚȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȌȍȓȖ ȉțȌțȡȍȋȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖȋȖ

209
ȅdzǾȀǼǰ ǸȁǵǻdzȄ
, ǿȍȘȚȖȊ ȒțȏȕȍȞ
DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ Ȕȣ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȔȖȘȧ șȈȌȐȓȐșȤ
ȘȧȌȖȔ ȕȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȔ ȊȈȓțȕȍ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȖȔ ȕȈ ȗȍșȖȒ
Ȑ ȏȈȒțȘȐȊȈȓȐ șȐȋȈȘȣ
ȇ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓșȧ ș ȕȐȔ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȍ ǵȍ ȔȖȋț
șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȕȣ șȖȠȓȐșȤ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ Ƕȕ țȏȕȈȓ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȟȚȖ ȧ
ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ ȗȐȠț ȥșȒȐȏȣ ǹȒȈȏȈȓ ȌȈȎȍ ȍȔț ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ȒȈȘȚȐ-
ȕȣ ©ǹȐȘȍȕȣª ǮȈȓȖȊȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȕȈȑȚȐ ȌȐȒȖ-
ȋȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ șȖ șȒȈȓȈȔȐ Ȑ ȉțȘȕȣȔ ȗȘȐȉȖȍȔ Ƕȕ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖ țȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȖșȚȘȖȊȖȒ
— DzȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȋ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȐȝțȦ ȗȖȋȖȌț ȗȖ-
ȍȌȍȔȚȍ ȚțȌȈ ȕȈ ȔȖȍȑ ȓȖȌȒȍ ȇ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȋȘȍȉț ǵȈ ȊșȧȒȐȑ șȓț-
ȟȈȑ ȍșȚȤ ȗȈȘțș
ǵȖ ȧ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȍȔ Ȗȕ, șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ, ȏȈȕȐȔȈȍȚ-
șȧ ȏȈȟȍȔ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȈ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȖȔ ȉȍȘȍȋț ǸȣȉȈȒȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐ-
ȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȎȐȊȍȚ țȎȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȖȚ ȗȖșȍȓȒȈ ǹȘȍ-
ȌȐ ȕȈȋȘȖȔȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȝ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȖȊ șȒȈȓ ȕȈ ȏȈȗȈȌȕȖȔ ȒȘȈȦ ȉțȝ-
Țȣ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȚȘȖȐȓ șȍȉȍ ȌȖȔ ǺțȌȈ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȝȖȌȐȚ ǹțȍȊȍȘȕȣȍ
ȘȣȉȈȒȐ țȊȍȘȧȦȚ ȟȚȖ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ǹȈȚȈȕȈ ȖȗȖȓȟȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ǩȖȋȈ ȈȘ-
ȝȈȕȋȍȓ ǴȐȝȈȐȓ țȌȈȘȐȓ ȌțȝȈ ȏȓȈ ȒȖȗȤȍȔ Ȑ Ȗȕ țȗȈȓ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ
ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȔȍșȚȖ Ǫ ȉȍșșȐȓȤȕȖȑ ȧȘȖșȚȐ șȚȈȓ ǹȈȚȈȕȈ ȓȖȔȈȚȤ ȗȘȐ-
ȉȘȍȎȕȣȍ șȒȈȓȣ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȈȚȤ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȍ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȐ ǵȖ
ȖȕȐ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȏȈȌȈȊȐȓȐ ǹȈȚȈȕț ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȍȐșȗȖȌȕȦȦ
— ǺȈȔ ȍșȚȤ ȗȍȡȍȘȈ Ȑ ȝȖȌ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȤ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȈȌȈ
ǹȚȖȐȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȌȖȑȚȐ Ȓ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȔț ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȦ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȏȈ-
ȒȓȐȕȈȕȐȍ ȌȤȧȊȖȓ ȊȣȑȌȍȚ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ Țȣ ȖȚȘȍȟȍȠȤșȧ ȖȚ ǰȐșțșȈ
ǽȘȐșȚȈ Ȋșȍ Ȍȓȧ Țȍȉȧ șȌȍȓȈȍȚ
ǸȣȉȈȒȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȎȍȘȓȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ
Ȑ șȓȖȊ ȏȈȒȓȐȕȈȕȐȧ ȕȖ ȊȍȘȐȓȐ Ȋ ȓȍȋȍȕȌț Ȑ ȉȖȧȓȐșȤ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȋ
©ǯȈȔȖȒ ǹȈȚȈȕȣª Dz ȔȖȍȔț ȕȖȊȖȔț ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȔț ȖȕȐ ȖȚȕȖșȐ-
ȓȐșȤ ȕȍȌȘțȎȍȓȦȉȕȖ ǷȘȖȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȍȔț Șȣȉț ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȘȈȒȖȊ
ǵȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȐȓȐșȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȗȖșȍȓȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ

210
ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖ ȊȖ ȊȓȈȌȍȕȐȧȝ ȕȍȟȐșȚȖȑ șȐȓȣ
ǰ Ȋșȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȓȖ ȓȍȋȍȕȌț ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȌ șȒȈ-
ȓȈȔȐ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȌȣȔ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȕȖȋȖ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȜȐȖ-
ȓȍȚȖȊȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȤȞȍȊ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȘȣȉȈȞȒȖȋȖ
șțȌȕȈ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȐȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȊȍȚȘȈ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȍȌȈ-
ȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ©ǯȈȔȒȈ ǹȈȚȈȕȣª ǪȍȚȍȘ ȕȈȕȍș Ȓȓțȉȣ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌȣȔȈ Ȑ
Ȋșȍ ȉȣȊȠȐȍ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ,
ȍȌȒȐȑ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ șȗȐȘȈȓȖ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ Ȑ șȓȍȏȣ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓȐ Ȑȏ
ȋȓȈȏ
ǵȖȟȤȦ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȌ șȒȈȓȈȔȐ șȚȖȧȓ șȊȍȚ ǰȕȣȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȚȈȔ
ȖȚȉȓȍșȒȐ ȉțȌȚȖ ȏȈȘȕȐȞȣ ǸȈȏȈ ȌȊȈ Ȑȏ ©ǯȈȔȒȈ ǹȈȚȈȕȣª șȓȣ-
Ƞȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȋȘȖȝȖȚ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȖȚ ȊȏȘȣȊȖȊ
ǰ ȘȣȉȈȒȐ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȋȖȓȖș ȗȘȖȏȊȈȓȐ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȒȖ-
ȔȖȋȖ
— ǿȍȘȚȖȊ ȒțȏȕȍȞ
ǴțȎȟȐȕȣ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȖȝȖȚȕȖ ȐȔȍȓȐ ș ȕȐȔ ȌȍȓȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ
Ȗȕ ȗȖȒțȗȈȓ, ȕȍ ȚȖȘȋțȧșȤ, Ȑ ȗȓȈȚȐȓ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȔȐ ȔȖȕȍȚȈȔȐ
ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȕȍ ȈȌșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȒȘȈ-
șȖȊȈȓȖșȤ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ǫȍȖȘȋȈ ȒȖȘȖȓȧ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȋȖ
ǵȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ Ȑ ȌȍȚȐ ȉȖȧȓȐșȤ ©ǿȍȘȚȖȊȈ ȒțȏȕȍȞȈª ǴȈ-
ȚȍȘȐ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȓȐ ȗȍȓȍȕȖȑ ȋȘțȌȕȣȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȖȚ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ
șȟȐȚȈȓȐ ȊșȚȘȍȟț ș ©ȕȐȔª ȌțȘȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȔȍȚȖȑ ȗȘȍȌȊȍȡȈȦ-
ȡȍȑ ȐȏȔȍȕț șțȎȍȕȖȋȖ
Ǩ ©Ȗȕª ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȋȓȈș
ȕȈȘȖȌȈ Ȑ ȎȐȓ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț țȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȝȖȌȧ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ Ȋȍ-
ȟȍȘ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒț ȗȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔț ȉȍȘȍȋț
Ƕȕ ȘȍȒȖȔȍȕȌȖȊȈȓșȧ Ȕȕȍ
— ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ
DzȈȒȖȑ Ȗȕ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ" ȀȊȍȌ ȕȖȘȊȍȎȍȞ ȌȈȚȟȈȕȐȕ"
ǵȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȍ ȊȖȌȧȕȐșȚȖ-ȋȖȓțȉȣȍ ȒȈȒ ț ȎȐȚȍȓȍȑ șȍȊȍ-
ȘȈ Ȉ ȒȈȘȐȍ ȖȋȕȍȊȣȍ ș ȎȍȓȚȣȔȐ ȉȍȓȒȈȔȐ ǰ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȗȖȟȚȐ
ȟȍȘȕȣȍ Ȑ ȉȘȖȊȐ ȕȈșțȗȓȍȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȒȖȎȈ șȔțȋȓȈȧ ǪȍșȤ șțȝȖȑ
ȎȐȓȐșȚȣȑ ȔțșȒțȓȐșȚȣȑ ș ȘȍȏȒȐȔȐ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐ-
ȊȣȔ ȎȍșȚȖȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȕȈ ȦȎȈȕȐȕȈ
ǫȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȕȣ ș ȕȐȔ ș ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ ȗȖ-ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȑ ȧȏȣȒ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȕȕȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȧ ȘȖȌȐȕȈ ǸȖșșȐȧ Ȗȕ țșȔȍȝȕțȓșȧ
Ȑ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȕȈ ȟȐșȚȖȔ ȘțșșȒȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ ǵȖ țȝȖ țȓȈȊȓȐȊȈȓȖ

211
ȍȌȊȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȑ ȔȈȓȖȘȖșșȐȑșȒȐȑ ȈȒȞȍȕȚ
DzȈȒ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒ" ǴȖȎȕȖ ȐȏțȟȐȚȤ Ȋ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚȊȍ ȓȦȉȖȑ
ȧȏȣȒ ȕȖ ȗȘȖȊȐȕȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȋȖȊȖȘ ȌȈȍȚșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȖȌȐȊȠȍȔț-
șȧ Ȋ ȚȖȑ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ
ǰ ȧ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ©ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕª ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗșȍȊȌȖȕȐȔ ȗȖȌ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ șȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȥȚȖȚ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
,, ǫȍȕȐȑ ȐȓȐ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȑ
ȇ șȚȘȖȋȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓ ș ǶșȒȈȘȖȔ
ǬȈȑȉȕȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȉȍșȍȌțȦȚ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ
Ǫșȍ ȔȖȐ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȑ ȔȍȟȚȣ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȉțȌțȡȍȑ
ȒȈȘȚȐȕȍ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȔțȟȐȚȤ șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒȈ ©ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȣȔȐª ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈȔȐ Dz ȐșȒțșșȚȊț Ȗȕ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚșȧ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣ
ȖȚȘȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȖ țȎ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ șȕȐșȝȖȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȓ
ȌȍȚșȒȖȑ ȏȈȉȈȊȍ
ǹȓțȟȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȗȘȖșȐȎȐȊȈȓȐ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȔȖȓȟȈ Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈ
ȘȈșȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖȎȈȊ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȘțȒȐ
ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ ǶșȒȈȘȈ ǬȈȑȉȕȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ șȚȖȓȉ-
ȕȧȒȈ ǵȍȔȖȘȋȈȦȡȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ
ȉțȌȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȖȍ Ȍȓȧ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ǺȈȒ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȗȕ ȊșȚȘȧȝȐȊȈȓșȧ ǹȔȖȚȘȍȓ
ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȖȕȜțȏȓȐȊȖ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȏȈȌȈȊȈȓ Ȋ șȖȚȣȑ ȘȈȏ
ȊȖȗȘȖș
— ǺȈȒ Ȋȣ șȒȖȘȖ ȒȖȕȟȐȚȍ șȊȖȦ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț"
ǰ ȧ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ ȖȉȐȎȈȧșȤ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ
— ȇ ȗȐȠț ȏȌȍșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȥșȒȐȏȣ ǵȈȌ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȖȑ ȉțȌț ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȈȚȤ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȖȑ
— Ǩȝ ȌȈ ǰȏȊȐȕȐȚȍ ȧ Ȋșȍ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȦ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ țȚȘȖȔ ǶșȒȈȘ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȘȣȉȈȞȒȐȑ
ȌȖȔȐȒ ȋȌȍ ȧ șȕȐȔȈȓ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț
— ǷȖȍȌȍȔȚȍ ȕȈ ȖșȚȘȖȊ ǩȍȘȐȚȍ ș șȖȉȖȦ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȕțȎȕȖ
ǬȍȕȤ ȟțȌȕȣȑ ǴȖȘȍ ȒȈȒ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ
ȇ ȖȝȖȚȕȖ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ Ȑ Ȕȣ șȗțșȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȔȖȘȦ
ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ șȍȓ ȏȈ ȊȍșȓȈ ȧ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ.
Ƕȕ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȖȗȣȚȕȣȔ ȋȘȍȉȞȖȔ ǶȚ șȐȓȤȕȣȝ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȝ

212
ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȑ ȓȖȌȒȈ ȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȒȈȒ șȚȘȍȓȈ
ǪȖȚ Ȑ ȖșȚȘȖȊȖȒ Ǵȣ ȊșȚțȗȐȓȐ Ȋ ȚȍȕȤ ȉȘȖșȈȍȔțȦ ȖȋȘȖȔ-
ȕȖȑ ȖșȚȘȖȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȑ șȒȈȓȖȑ Ȑ ȗȘȐȟȈȓȐȓȐ Ȓ ȖȚȔȍȓȐ ǶșȒȈȘ
ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȧȒȖȘȤ ȇ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȖȚ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈ ǹȒȈȓȣ ȏȌȍșȤ ȊȕȐȏț
șțȏȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȖȓțȔȘȈȒȍ ȝȘȈȕȐȓȐ ȚȈȑȕț ȊȓȈȎȕȣȝ ȕȍȌȘ ȗȍ-
ȡȍȘȣ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȊȖȚ-ȊȖȚ ȊȣȗȖȓȏȍȚ ȔȖȘșȒȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ Ǩ
ȊȍȘȠȐȕȣ șȒȈȓ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ ȖȚ ȒȖșȣȝ ȓțȟȍȑ șȖȓȕȞȈ DzȈȒ
ȘȈȏ Ȍȓȧ ȔȖȍȑ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ
ȇ țșȚȘȖȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȖȚȔȍȓȐ Ȑ ȎȈȌȕȖ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȐșȈȚȤ
ǶșȒȈȘ ȓȍȎȈȓ Ȋ ȓȖȌȒȍ Ȑ ȒțȘȐȓ șȓȍȌȧ ȏȈ ȒȖȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȚȈȉȈȟ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȌȣȔȈ țȕȖșȐȔȖȋȖ ȍȌȊȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ
ȇ țȊȓȍȒșȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ Ȑ ȏȈȉȣȓ Ȋșȍ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȠȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȦ
— DzȖȕȟȈȑȚȍ — ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȋȖȓȖș ǶșȒȈȘȈ, — ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȐ-
ȓȐȊ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ ȏȈȓȤȍȚ ȊșȦ ȖȚȔȍȓȤ
Ƕȕ ȌȖȓȋȖ Ȑ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ ȔȖȑ ȥșȒȐȏ
—ǬȈ Ȋȣ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ
ǵȖ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ Ȋȓȍȏ Ȋ ȓȖȌȒț ǶșȒȈȘ ȕȍ șȗȍȠȐȓ ȖȚȟȈȓȐȊȈȚȤ
ǹ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȓȐȞȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ț ȕȍȋȖ
Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ Ȗȕ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— dzȦȌȐ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȋȖȘȌȧȚșȧ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȕȈțȟȕȣȔȐ ȏȈȊȖȍȊȈȕȐȧ-
ȔȐ Ǩ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȖȕȐ ȌȍȓȈȦȚ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȟȚȖ Ȑ Ȋȣ ȝțȌȖȎ-
ȕȐȒ ȕȍȊȍȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȕȈțȒȍ ȗȖȌȘȈȎȈȦȚ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȍ ȊȣȔȈ-
ȓȐȊȈȦȚ ț ȕȍȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȕȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈ ȝȖȚȤ ȖȌȕț Ȑȏ șȊȖȐȝ ȚȈȑȕ
ǰ ȉȤȦȚșȧ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȋȣ ȖȚȣșȒȐȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȚȈȑȕț ȒȘȈșȖȟȕȣȝ șȖȟȍ-
ȚȈȕȐȑ dzȦȌȐ ȋȖȘȌȣ Ȑ șȈȔȖȕȈȌȍȧȕȕȣ ǪȍȒ ȗȈȘȈ ȉȍȕȏȐȕȈ Ȑ
ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȈ ǯȈȊȖȍȊȈȕȐȧ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ Ǩ ȕȈ Ȍȍȓȍ șȖȏȌȈȓȐ ȕȍțȒ-
ȓȦȎȐȍ ȌȐȘȐȎȈȉȓȐ Ȑ ȥȚȐ ȖȗȈșȕȣȍ ȐȋȘțȠȒȐ — ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȣ
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȉțȌțȡȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȚ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȓȍȚȣ ȕȈ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȈȝ ȉțȌțȚ Ȋ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȝ
Ȋșȍȝ șȚȘȈȕ ȗȘȐȘȈȊȕȍȕȣ Ȓ ȗȖȒțȠȍȕȐȦ ȕȈ șȈȔȖțȉȐȑșȚȊȖ Ȑ
șȚȘȖȋȖ ȊȖșȗȘȍȡȍȕȣ ǵȍ șȗȖȘȦ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȌȖșȚȐȋ ȔȕȖȋȖȋȖ Ȋ
ȖȉȓȈșȚȐ ȚȍȝȕȐȒȐ ǵȖ Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȘȈȏȕȐȞȈ ȔȍȎȌț șȗȖ-
șȖȉȈȔȐ ȗȍȘȍȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȗȖ ȏȍȔȓȍ Ȑ ȗȖ ȊȖȌȍ Ȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝȖȗȓȈȊȈ-
ȕȐȍȔ"
ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ
— ǪȖȖȉȡȍ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȈȧ șȚȐȝȐȧ
— ǵț șȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȐȏȖȉȘȍșȚȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ țȋȖȌ-

213
ȕȖ țșȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚȊȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȏȣ Ȑ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȐ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȗȖ ȏȍȔȓȍ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȗȖșȚȘȖȐȚȤ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȍ ȓȖȌȒȐ ȕȖ
Ȗȕ, șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȋȖȓȣȑ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȗȘȐșȗȖșȖȉȓȍȕȐȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȗȓȈȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȕȣȘȧȚȤ ǵȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȈȔ ȗȖ șȍȉȍ ȒȈȒ ȎȐ-
ȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ țȗȖȌȖȉȐȚȤșȧ ȗȚȐȞȍ Ȑ ȊȓȍȚȍȚȤ ȝȖȚȤ ȉȣ ȕȈ ȈȘ-
ȠȐȕ ȖȚ ȏȍȔȓȐ ǬȘȍȊȕȐȍ ȔȈȋȐ ȒȈȒ ȋȓȈșȐȚ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȐȍ ȗȖȌȕȐ-
ȔȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȊȣșȖȚț Ǻț Ȏȍ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȐ-
ȗȐșȣȊȈȦȚ ȐȕȌȐȑșȒȐȔ ȑȖȋȈȔ Ǫ ǹȘȍȌȕȐȍ ȊȍȒȈ ȊȍȘȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ
ȊȍȌȤȔȣ ȓȍȚȈȦȚ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ șțȌȍȉȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȖȊ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȖșȖ-
ȉȣȍ Ȋȍșȣ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȧȝ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȊ ǶȉȊȐȕȧȍȔțȦ ȊȏȊȍȠȐȊȈȓȐ
Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȊȏȘȖșȓȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ Ȋȍ-
șȐȚ ȗțȌ ȐȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȊȈȓȐ ȍȍ ȏȈ ȊȍȌȤȔț Ȑ șȎȐ-
ȋȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȖșȚȘȍ ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗșȐȝȖȗȈȚȖȓȖȋȐ ȌȖȗțșȒȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ
ȗȘȐ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȔ ȕȍȘȊȕȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȌȖȝȖȌȧȡȍȔ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȊțȓȤ-
șȐȑ ȚȍȓȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȚȍȘȧȍȚ Ȋ Ȋȍșȍ ȅȚȖ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȓȍȊȐȚȈ-
ȞȐȍȑ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȕȍȘȊ-
ȕȈȧ șȐȓȈ ȕȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȖȕȈ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ
Ȟȍȓȍȑ"
ȇ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ǶșȒȈȘȈ ș ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ
ȚȈȒ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȟȐȊ
— Ǭȓȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȌȊȐȋȈȦȡȍȑșȧ ȗȖ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȊȖȌȍ ȕȍ-
ȖȉȝȖȌȐȔ Ȋȍș ǭșȓȐ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȏ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȉȣ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȟț-
ȌȖȔ ȊȍșȤ șȊȖȑ Ȋȍș Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȉȣ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȤșȧ DzȖ-
ȓȍșȈ ȊȍȘȚȍȓȐșȤ ȉȣ ȊȝȖȓȖșȚțȦ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȚȖ Ȏȍ șȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ ș ȗȈ-
ȘȖȝȖȌȖȔ Ȗȕ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓ ȉȣ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ țȗȈȓ ȕȈȉȖȒ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȓșȧ
ȐȋȘțȠȒȖȑ ȊȖȓȕ ȒȈȒ ȗțȠȐȕȒȈ
ǵȖ Ȍȓȧ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȈ ȗȖȚȍ-
Șȧ ȊȍșȈ ǪȖȏȌțȝȖȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȍ — ȥȚȖ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ ș șȐȓȖȦ ȚȧȎȍșȚȐ ș
șȐȓȖȦ ȗȘȐȚȧȎȍȕȐȧ Ȓ ȞȍȕȚȘț ȏȍȔȓȐ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȖ ȏȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌ-
ȕȍȍ ȗȖȓșȚȖȓȍȚȐȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȐȏțȟȐȓȖ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ǹȖȏȌȈȕȣ
ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȗȘȈȊȌȖȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ ȚȍȖȘȐȐ Ȗ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ ȥȚȖȑ șȐȓȣ ǰ
Ȕȣ țȔȍȍȔ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȦ Ȑ
ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȍȦ ȕȖ Ȑ ȉȖȘȖȚȤșȧ ș ȥȚȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ǷȈșșȐȊȕȖ —
ȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȖȔ șȘȍȌȣ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȗțșȒȈȦȡȍȑ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȚȖȒȈ,
Ȑ ȈȒȚȐȊȕȖ — ȊȖȏȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍȔ ȚȖȒȈ ȕȈ ȚȖȒ ǭșȓȐ ȕȈȠȐ ȚȍȖȘȐȐ
Ȗ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȕȍșȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȣ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ Ȕȣ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊțȍȔ ȟȚȖ șȚȖȐȔ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȕȖȔ ȗțȚȐ Ȑ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȧșȕȖ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȍȌ-

214
șȚȈȊȓȧȍȔ ș ȟȍȔ Ȕȣ ȐȔȍȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ ǵȖ ȊȖȚ șȐȓȈ ȚȧȎȍșȚȐ ǭȡȍ
ȕȈ ȏȈȘȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȈ ȗȘȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ ȗȘȖȉȓȍșȒȍ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȓȦ-
ȌȐ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȚȍȓȈ ȐȔȍȦȚ Ȋȍș Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȈȌȈȦȚ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ
ǵȖ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȓȍȚ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȈ
ȏȍȔȓȍ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȧ Ȗ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ șȐȓȣ
ȚȧȎȍșȚȐ
ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ Ȋȣȕțȓ Ȑȏ ȒȖȠȍȓȤȒȈ ȚȍȔȕțȦ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕțȦ
ȔȖȕȍȚț Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȘțȒț ȕȈȌ ȔȖȘȍȔ
— ǪȖȚ ȧ șȍȑȟȈș Ȋȣȗțȡț ȔȖȕȍȚț Ȑ ȖȕȈ țȗȈȌȍȚ ȕȈ ȌȕȖ ȔȖ-
Șȧ DzȈȒȈȧ șȊȧȏȤ ȔȍȎȌț ȥȚȖȑ ȒȘȖȠȒȖȑ-ȔȖȕȍȚȖȑ Ȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔ
ȠȈȘȖȔ ȏȍȔȓȐ" ǵȐȒȚȖ ȍȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȚ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȕȖ ȊșȧȒȐȑ
țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȚȍȓȖ țȗȈȌȍȚ ǺȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȊȐȌȐȔ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ
ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ șȟȐȚȈȍȚ ȚȈȑȕȖȑ Ȉ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ șȐȓȈ ȚȧȎȍșȚȐ șȈȔȈȧ
ȋȓțȉȖȒȈȧ ȚȈȑȕȈ Ȑ ȚȡȍȚȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȐ ȍȍ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȈȚȤ
ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȔȖȕȍȚț Ȑ ȖȕȈ șȊȍȘȒȕțȊ ȕȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ
ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ Ȋ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȋȓțȉȐ
— ǬțȔȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ Ȋȣ — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȧ șȓȖȊȖ ȖȚ șȓȖ-
ȊȈ — ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ Ȋȣ ȟȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȍȚ șȐ-
ȓȖȑ ȚȧȎȍșȚȐ ȗȖȏȕȈȍȚ ȍȍ șțȡȕȖșȚȤ" ǹțȔȍȍȚ ȓȐ șȚȈȚȤ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐ-
ȕȖȔ ȥȚȖȑ șȐȓȣ Ȑ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȊȖȓȍ țȔȍȕȤȠȈȚȤ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȚȤ
Ȋȍș ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȚȤ ȚȧȎȍȓȍȑȠȐȍ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȣ ȗȈȘȐȚȤ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȕȍș-
ȚȐșȤ Ȋ ȊȣșȖȚț" ǰȓȐ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔ ȒȈȒ
șȊȐȕȍȞ ȐȓȐ ȘȚțȚȤ"
ȇ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȘȧȡȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȍȓ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȉȍȏț-
ȔȐȍ ȔȍȟȚȣ
— DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ȘȖȉȒȖ
ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ ȌȖȉȘȖȌțȠȕȣȔ șȕȐșȝȖȌȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȔ șȔȍȝȖȔ
— ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȔȖȑ ȕȍȊȍȎȌȈ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȖȚȒȘȖȍȚ ȊȍȓȐȒțȦ ȚȈȑȕț ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ țȎȍ
ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȍȍ ǶȌȐȕ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ șȊȍȚȍ
ǶșȒȈȘ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȋ ȓȖȌȒȍ ȊȖ ȊȍșȤ ȘȖșȚ ǹȔțȋȓȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ
ȋȖȘȍȓȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȔȍȚȈȓȐ ȐșȒȘȣ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȔ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȖȔ ȘțȒȐ Ȗȕ
ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ
— ǰ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȥȚȖȚ — ȧ
©ǹțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȑ, — ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȈ ȔȣșȓȤ, — ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȏ-
ȌȘȈȎȈȚȤ ȊȖȏȘȈȎȍȕȐȧȔȐª
— ǭȌȍȔȚȍ Ǫ ©ǯȈȔȖȒ ǹȈȚȈȕȣª ȇ ȊȈȔ ȗȖȒȈȎț Ȋșȍ

215
ǰ ȒȖȓȍȉȓȧșȤ ȔȍȎȌț șȚȘȈȝȖȔ Ȑ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ ȧ șȖȋȓȈ-
șȐȓșȧ ȍȝȈȚȤ Ȋ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒțȦ ©ǿȍȘȚȖȊȈ ȒțȏȕȍȞȈª
,,, ǯȈȔȖȒ ǹȈȚȈȕȣ
ȇ ȕȍ șțȍȊȍȘȍȕ ȕȖ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȧșȤ ȔȍȎȌț șȒȈȓȈȔȐ Ȓ ȎȐȓȐ-
ȡț ǶșȒȈȘȈ ǬȈȑȉȕȈ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓ ȎțȚȒȖȍ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȍ ǷȘȐȘȖ-
ȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȖșȒțȗȐȓȈșȤ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȈ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȣ ǶȉȓȖȔȒȐ șȒȈȓ ș ȗȘȐ-
ȟțȌȓȐȊȣȔȐ ȐȏȓȖȔȈȔȐ ȋȘȖȔȖȏȌȐȓȐșȤ ȌȘțȋ ȕȈȌ ȌȘțȋȖȔ Ȑ ȕȍ-
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȐșȤ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟțȌȖȔ ȊȍȟȕȖ țȋȘȖȎȈȧ
ȗȈȌȍȕȐȍȔ
Ǵȣ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȐȏȊȐȓȐșȚȣȔ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȈȔ ȕȈȌ ȈȘȒȈȔȐ
ȗȖșȚȘȖȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ǰȕȖȑ ȘȈȏ ȧ ș ȚȘț-
ȌȖȔ Ƞȍȓ ȗȖ ȔȍșȚț țșȣȗȈȕȕȖȔț ȔȍȓȒȐȔȐ ȒȈȔȕȧȔȐ ǰ țȌȐȊ-
ȓȧȓșȧ ȕȈ ǶșȒȈȘȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȣȋȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȋȖȘȕȈȧ ȒȖȏȈ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȕȣ ȊȣȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȘȖȊȕțȦ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒț ǹȒȈȓȣ ȖȒ-
ȘțȎȐȓȐ ȍȍ ȈȔȜȐȚȍȈȚȘȖȔ
ȇ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȍ ȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȍ ȕȈ șȈȘȈȑ ș ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȐȔȐ ȚȘțȉȈȔȐ ǶȚȌȍȓȤȕȖ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȌȖȔȐȒ șȓțȎȐȊ-
ȠȐȑ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț Ȍȓȧ ȎȐȓȤȧ Ȑ ȏȈȒȖȗȟȍȕȕȈȧ ȒțȏȕȐȞȈ
ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȐ șȈȘȈȧ Ǫȣ-
ȕțȓ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȗȘȐșȗȖșȖȉȓȍȕȐȍ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȋȖ
ȒȓȦȟȈ Ȑ ȊșȚȈȊȐȊ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȍȌȊȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖȍ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ Ȋ șȚȍȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȊȍȘȕțȓ ș țșȐȓȐȍȔ
— ǵȍȗȘȖȠȍȕȣȑ ȋȖșȚȤ — țșȔȍȝȕțȓșȧ Ȗȕ — ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȊȏȌț-
ȔȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȊȖȑȚȐ șȐȓȖȑ ȉȣȓ ȉȣ țȉȐȚ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ȚȖȒȖȔ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȋȖ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ Ǩ Ȕȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȖȑȌȍȔ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖ
ȇ ȕȍ șțȔȍȦ ȖȗȐșȈȚȤ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȔȈșȚȍȘ-
șȒȖȑ ©ǿȍȘȚȖȊȈ ȒțȏȕȍȞȈª ȇ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ Ȋ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȒȍ
ǵȍ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȔȈȠȐȕ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȎț Ȑȝ ǶȕȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȣ ȟț-
ȌȖȊȐȡȕȣ ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ Ȋ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȐ ȊȍȘȚȧȚșȧ ȒȖȓȍșȈ
ȌȊȐȎțȚșȧ ȘȣȟȈȋȐ ȏțȉȟȈȚȒȐ ȏȈȌȍȊȈȦȚ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ȒȈȒ ȟȍȓȦ-
șȚȐ ȋȖȓȖȌȈ ȎȈȎȌțȡȐȍ ȗȐȡȐ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋȣ-
ȏȊȈȓ Ȑȏ ȕȍȌȘ ȈȌȈ ȚȍȔȕțȦ șȐȓț Ȑ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȐȓ ȍȍ șȍȉȍ ȕȈ șȖȉ-
șȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȋȐȉȍȓȤ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȊȠȐȍ șȈȘȈȑ ǶșȒȈȘȈ ǬȈȑȉȕȈ

216
ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓȐșȤ ȖșȖȉȣȔ ȐȏȧȡȍșȚȊȖȔ Ȑ ȜȖȘȔȣ Ȑȝ ȉȣȓȐ șȖȊșȍȔ
Ȑȕȣȍ
ǰ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȍșȠțȔȕȣ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȔȈ--
ȝȖȊȣȍ ȒȖȓȍșȈ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȐșȤ ș ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ
ǩȣȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȝ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎ-
ȕȣȝ șȖȖȘțȎȍȕȐȧȝ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ șȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȝ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ șȊȖȍȑ șȐ-
ȓȣ Ȑ Ȋ ȉȣșȚȘȖȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȐ ȔȈȝȖȊȐȒȈ
—ǻȋȈȌȈȑȚȍ șȐȓț ȥȚȐȝ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȍȓȍȑ, — ȋȖȘȌȖ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ
Ȕȍȕȧ ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ. — ȅȚȖ Ȋȍȟȕȣȍ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȍȓȐ Ȋȍȟȕȣȍ ȗȖȒȈ
ȊȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ ȏȍȔȓȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȖșȐ Ȑ ȊȖȒȘțȋ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȗȖȒȈ
șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȕȈȠȈ ȗȓȈȕȍȚȈ ȅȚȖ — ȒȖȓȓȍȒȚȖȘȣ ȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȥȓȍȒ-
ȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȈ Ǵȕȍ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȣ ȕȐ ȗȈȘȖȊȣȍ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȕȐ ȌȐȕȈȔȖ
ǷȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȤ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȐ — șȈȔȈ ȏȍȔȓȧ
ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ țȌȈȘȐȓ ȕȖȋȖȑ ȗȖ ȏȍȔȓȍ
— ȇ ȗȖȒȖȘȐȓ ȍȍ ǶȕȈ ȖȚȒȘȖȍȚ Ȕȕȍ șȊȖȦ ȚȈȑȕț ǵȍ șȎȐȋȈȧ
țȋȓȧ ȉȍȕȏȐȕȈ ȋȈȏȈ ȗȈȘȖȊȣȝ ȒȖȚȓȖȊ Ȑ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȋȍȕȍ-
ȘȈȚȖȘȖȊ ȧ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȑȏ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȗȓȈȕȍȚȣ ȗȖȓțȟȈȦ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȦ Ȋ ȚȈ-
ȒȖȔ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ ȝȖȟț ȇ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ ȗȓȈȕȍȚț ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ
ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȍȑ ȊȘȈȡȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȉȍȋȈȚȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȕȈ-
ȒȖȗȓȧȧ ȐȏȓȐȠȍȒ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȘȈșȝȖȌțȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȞȐȒȓȖȕȣ,
șȔȍȘȟȐ ȋȘȖȏȣ ȕȈ țȎȈșȣ șȚȐȝȐȑȕȣȝ ȊȏȘȣȊȖȊ ǷȖȒȖȘȕȈȧ
ȖȕȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ șȈȘȈȍ
©ǹțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȑª — ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȈ ȔȣșȓȤ ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȒȖȓȍșȈ-
ȚȖ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȐșȤ ȉȍșȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖ
— ǪȖȚ ȥȚȖ — ȒȖȓȓȍȒȚȖȘ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȖȑ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȐ ǪȖȚ — ȓțȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȍȓȤ ǬțȔȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ Ȋȣ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȓȐȊȣ Ȑ ȖȚȓȐȊȣ ȒȖ-
Ȕț-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕțȎȕȣ" ǵȍȚ ȗțșȚȤ ȥȚȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȈȧ ȉȍȓȈȧ ǬȐȈȕȈ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȒȘțȎȐȚȤșȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ
— ǵȖ ȊȈȔ ȚȘțȌȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȖȞȍȕȐȚȤ ǶȌȕȐȔ șȓȖ-
ȊȖȔ ș ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕȣȔȐ ȌȍȕȍȎȕȣȔȐ ȏȈȚȘȈȚȈȔȐ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȘȈșȗȖȓȈ-
ȋȈȚȤ ȒȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ DzȈȒȖȑ ȏȈȝȖȟț
ǶșȒȈȘ Ȋȏȧȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȓ Ȋ ȒȖȕȍȞ șȈȘȈȧ ȐȔȍȊȠȐȑ
ȊȐȌ țȟȍȕȖȑ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ
—ȇ ȗȖȒȈȎț ȊȈȔ ȖȗȣȚ ȕȍșȓȣȝȈȕȕȣȑ șȒȈȏȖȟȕȣȑ
Ƕȕ ȌȖșȚȈȓ ȗȓȖșȒȐȑ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȧȡȐȒ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ ȉȓȍ--
șȚȧȡȐȑ ȖȚ ȓȈȒȈ ǵȈ ȒȘȣȠȒȍ ȉȣȓ ȔȍȌȕȣȑ ȒȘțȋ ș ȌȍȓȍȕȐȧȔȐ
Ȑ ȘțȟȒȈ ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȕȈȧ Ȓ ȞȍȕȚȘț Ȉ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȒȖȕȞȖȔ ȊȘȈȡȈȦ-

217
ȦȡȈȧșȧ ȗȖ ȖȒȘțȎȕȖșȚȐ
ȇȡȐȒ ǶșȒȈȘ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȕȈ ȟȈȠȒț ȊȍșȖȊ Ȑ țȘȈȊȕȖȊȍșȐȓ ȋȐ-
ȘȧȔȐ
— ǹȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ șȈȔȐ ȊȍșȐȚ 35 ȜțȕȚȖȊ ǷȖȊȍȘȕȐȚȍ ȘțȟȒț ȖȚ
ȕțȓȧ ȌȖ 10.
ȇ ȥȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȓ Ǫȍșȣ ȏȈȒȈȟȈȓȐșȤ
— ǻȘȈȊȕȖȊȍșȤȚȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȋȐȘȧȔȐ ǨȋȈ ǹȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ȊșȍȋȖ 25
Ȝ ǷȖȊȍȘȕȐȚȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȈ 10 ȌȍȓȍȕȐȑ 15 Ȝ ǭȡȍ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ 5 Ȝ
ǭȡȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȗȧȚȤ ȌȍȓȍȕȐȑ ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȍșȐȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȧȡȐȒ"
ǬȈ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȊȍșȐȓ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȇ șȕȧȓ Ȋșȍ ȋȐȘȐ Ƕȕ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȚȈ-
ȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȗȖ ȊȐȌț Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȕȈ Ȋȍșȣ
— ǪȖȏȤȔȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ǷȖȌȕȐȔȐȚȍ ȗȖȊȣȠȍ ǺȈȒ ǶȚȕȐ-
ȔȐȚȍ ȘțȒȐ
ȇȡȐȒ ȕȐȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȔȣȑ ȊȐșȍȓ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ Ȋ
ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ
— ȅȚȖȋȖ ȔȈȓȖ Ǵȣ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȓȐ ȘțȟȒț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ 35 Ȍȍȓȍ-
ȕȐȑ DzȈȎȌȖȍ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȍȚ ȜțȕȚț Ǩ Ȋșȍȝ ȌȍȓȍȕȐȑ 360. ȅȚȖȚ
ȧȡȐȒ șȗȖșȖȉȍȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ ȍȡȍ 8 ȗ 5 Ȝ
ǶșȒȈȘ ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗȐȓ Ȓ ȖșȖȉȖȔț ȒȖȓȤȞț ȧȡȐȒȈ ȟȈȠȒț ȖȚ Ȋȍ-
șȖȊ Ȉ Ȓ ȌȘțȋȖȔț ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȓ ȒȘȍȗȒțȦ ȌȓȐȕȕțȦ ȉȍȟȍȊȒț ǵȈ-
ȋȘțȏȐȓ ȗțȌȖȊȖȑ ȋȐȘȍȑ
— ǷȍȘȍȊȍȌȐȚȍ ȘțȟȒț ȕȈ 40 ȌȍȓȍȕȐȑ ȍȡȍ ȕȈ ȗȧȚȤ ǷțșȒȈȑ-
Țȍ ȇȡȐȒ ș ȋȐȘȍȑ ȗȓȈȊȕȖ șȚȈȓ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȗȖȚȖȓȒț șȈ-
ȘȈȧ ǺȖȘȎȍșȚȊțȦȡȐȑ ǬȈȑȉȕ ȗȘȐȚȧȕțȓ șȊȖȑ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ
ȉȐȟȍȊȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȦȚ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȝ ȏȔȍȑ
— Ǫ ȊȈș ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȗțȌȖȊ ȗȧȚȤ" ǽȖȚȐȚȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤșȧ șȈȔȐ"
ǪȔȍșȚȖ ȟȈȠȒȐ ȖȚ ȊȍșȖȊ ǶșȒȈȘ ȗȘȐȊȍșȐȓ Ȓ ȧȡȐȒț ȚȘȈ-
ȗȍȞȐȦ ȇ șȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȕȍȍ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ǶșȒȈȘ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȓ ȘțȟȒț ȇ
ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȧȕȍȚ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȕȖȋȐ ȖȚȌȍȓȐȓȐșȤ ȖȚ
ȗȖȓȈ ȇȡȐȒ șȚțȒȕțȓșȧ Ȗ ȗȖȚȖȓȖȒ șȈȘȈȧ Ȉ ȧ ȊȐșȍȓ ȕȈ ȘțȒȈȝ
ȖȉȍȏțȔȍȊȠȐȑ ȖȚ ȕȈȗȓȣȊȈ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȝ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȑ
ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȧ ©ǿȍȘȚȖȊȖȑ ȒțȏȕȐ-
Ȟȣª, ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȘȖȉȒȖ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ-ȘȣȉȈȒ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ
ȗȐșȤȔȖ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ țȌȈȓȐȓșȧ
ǪȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȗȐșȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ǶșȒȈȘ ǬȈȑȉȕ
©Ǫȣ țȉȍȌȐȓȐșȤ șȈȔȐ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȑ Ȑ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ
ȟȚȖ ș ȔȖȐȔȐ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȧȔȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤ-

ȕȖ ȞȈȘȍȔ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ Ȉ ȊȖȏȌțȝȖȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȍ — ȌȍȚșȒȖȑ ȏȈȉȈȊȖȑ
ȇ ȕȍ șȒȈȎț ȊȈȔ ȒȚȖ ȧ Ǫȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȔȖȑ ȗșȍȊȌȖȕȐȔ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȚ
ȘȖȌȐȕȣ ȕȍȚ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȈ DzȖȔț ȧ ȖȚȌȈȔ șȊȖȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȍ"
DzȈȒȖȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȒȈȒțȦ șȚȘȈȕț ȊȖȏȊȍȓȐȟț ȕȈȌ ȊșȍȔȐ ȕȈȘȖȌȈȔȐ
Ȑ șȚȘȈȕȈȔȐ" Ǫȣ șȒȈȎȍȚȍ ȖȉȕȈȘȖȌțȑȚȍ ȊȖ ȊșȍȖȉȡȍȍ șȊȍȌȍ-
ȕȐȍ ǵȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȦ ȟȚȖ ȓȦȌȐ șȚȘȍȔȧȚșȧ Ȓ ȌȖȉȘț Ȑ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐ-
ȊȖșȚȐ ǴȖȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȍ ȖȕȐ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȧȚ ȊȖ ȏȓȖ Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȣȍ ȍȡȍ
ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȉțȌțȚ țȋȕȍȚȈȚȤ șȓȈȉȣȝ ǰ ȘȈȉȣ ȖșȚȈȕțȚșȧ ȘȈȉȈȔȐ
ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ — ȋȖșȗȖȌȈȔȐ ǷȘȖȡȈȑȚȍ ǺȈȑȕț șȊȖȦ țȕȖȠț Ȋ ȔȖ-
ȋȐȓțª
Ǫ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȈȌ ©ǯȈȔȒȖȔ ǹȈȚȈȕȣª ȏȈȗȣȓȈȓȐ ȘȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȍ
ȖȋȕȐ ǷȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȖȋȓțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȋȘȖȝȖȚ ȇșȕȖ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȓȖșȤ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȕȐȍ ȗȖȟȊȣ ǪȏȓȍȚȈȓȐ Ȗȋȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȠȈȘȣ Ȑ ȘȈȏ-
ȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ ȉȖȔȉȣ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȏȈȚȐȝȓȖ Ȋșȍ ǵȖ Ȋ Țț Ȏȍ ȕȖȟȤ ȘȈȏȘȈȏȐȓȈșȤ șȚȘȈȠ-
ȕȈȧ ȉțȘȧ ș ȋȘȖȏȖȑ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ Ȋ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȧ Ȗ
ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȒȘțȠȍȕȐȧȝ ț ȥȚȐȝ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ
Ǫșȍ ȟȍȔț ȧ ȉȣȓ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȔ ȘȐșțȍȚșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍȊȍ-
ȘȖȧȚȕȣȔ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ șȕȖȔ

ǷǸǰǴǭǿǨǵǰȇ
Ǫ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ ȐȏȉȘȈȕȕȣȝ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȑ ȉȍȓȓȍȚȘȐșȚȈ Ȑ
ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȈ ǹ ȇ ǹȖȓȖȔȐȕȈ ǹȚȍȟȒȐȕȈ -
 ȊȒȓȦȟȍ-
ȕȣ ȜȈȕȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȕȈțȟȕȖ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȌȍȚȍȒȚȐȊȕȣȍ țȋȖȓȖȊ-
ȕȣȍ Ȑ ©șȚȘȈȠȕȣȍª ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ
ǺȖȔȈ I-II ȖȚȊȍȌȍȕȣ ȗȖȌ ȕȈțȟȕȖ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ Ȑ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȟȐȍ ȊȒȓȦȟȍȕȣ Ȋ ȚȖȔ III.
Ǫșȍ ȊȖȠȍȌȠȐȍ Ȋ ȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȗțȉȓȐȒțȦȚșȧ ȗȖ
ȖȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȐȎȍ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȈȔ ș ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ Ȗȟȍ-
ȊȐȌȕȣȝ ȖȗȍȟȈȚȖȒ ȖȘȜȖȋȘȈȜȐȧ Ȑ ȗțȕȒȚțȈȞȐȧ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȍȕȣ Ȓ șȖȊ-
ȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȖȘȔȈȔ
Ǫșȍ ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȈȞȐȐ ȊȏȧȚȣ Ȑȏ ȗȍȘȊȖȐȏȌȈȕȐȑ ǷȖȌșȚȘȈȕȐȟȕȣȍ
ȗȘȐȔȍȟȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȚ șȖșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȦ
CȖșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ Ȑ ȐȏȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȗȘȐȕȖșȧȚ șȍȘȌȍȟȕțȦ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘ-
ȕȖșȚȤ Ǩ Ǩ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊț ȏȈ șțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ Ȋ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ ȕȈȌ Ȑȏ-
ȌȈȕȐȍȔ
ǷȖȌ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȔ ȒȖȓȗȈȒȖȔ // ǹȐȕȐȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ  ȹ ȹ
23-35. ǰȓȓ Ǫ ǹȊȈȘȖȋȈ
ǵȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ǶșȒȈȘȈ ǬȈȑȉȕȈ Ȑ DzȖȕȌȘȈ-
ȚȐȧ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȖȋȖ  ǹȐȕȐȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ  ȹȹ -14. ǰȓȓ ǵ ǫȍ-
ȘȈȘȌȖȊȈ
ǿȍȘȚȖȊ ȒțȏȕȍȞ  ǪșȍȔȐȘȕȈȧ ȗȈȕȖȘȈȔȈ  ȹ  ȚȈȒȎȍ
dzȍȚțȟȐȍ ȈȓȤȔȈȕȈȝȐ  Ǫȣȗ  ȉȍȏ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȑ ȋȓȈȊȖȒ


ǶȋȓȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ
ǷȖȌ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȔ ȒȖȓȗȈȒȖȔ
5
ǵȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ǶșȒȈȘȈ ǬȈȑȉȕȈ Ȑ
DzȖȕȌȘȈȚȐȧ ǵȍȊȍșȍȓȖȋȖ
137
ǿȍȘȚȖȊ ȒțȏȕȍȞ
209
ǷȘȐȔȍȟȈȕȐȧ
219