ǬȐȘ
ǺǻǴǨǵǵȃDZ
ǬǭǺǰ
ǿǭǸǵǶǫǶ
ǬǸǨDzǶǵǨ
ǹȖȊȍȚșȒȈȧ ȈȊȈȕȚȦȘȕȖ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ
ȗȘȖȏȈ -ȝ ȋȋ ǺȖȔ VIII
Salamandra P.V.V.

ǺțȔȈȕȕȣȑ ǬȐȘ ǷȈȕȖȊ ǵ ǵ.)
ǬȍȚȐ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ: ǵȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ Ȋ DzȐ-
ȚȈȍ ǹȖȊȍȚșȒȈȧ ȈȊȈȕȚȦȘȕȖ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȗȘȖȏȈ -ȝ ȋȋ
ǺȖȔ VIII). – ǩȔ: Salamandra P.V.V., 2016. – 122 ș – (Po-
laris ǷțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȈ Ǫȣȗ ǹXǽǽIǽ).
Ǫ DzȐȚȈȍ -ȝ ȋȖȌȖȊ șȒȘȍȡȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȗțȚȐ ȈȊȈȕȚȦȘȐșȚȈ Ȑȏ ȉȍȓȖ-
ȋȊȈȘȌȍȑȞȍȊ Ȑ ȈȋȍȕȚȈ DzȖȔȐȕȚȍȘȕȈ ǫȍȘȖȐ ȘȖȔȈȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȦȚ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊȖȒȘțȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȐȝ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȍȓȤȧȝ ©Ȍȍ-
Țȍȑ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈª Ȑ Ȋ ȋȐȔȈȓȈȑșȒȐȝ ȋȖȘȈȝ ǸȖȔȈȕ ȗȖȥȚȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȏȈȐȒȈ ǬȐȘȈ ǺțȔȈȕȕȖȋȖ ǵ ǷȈȕȖȊȈ
 ȉȣȓ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕ Ȋ ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȐ ©ȒȘȈș-
ȕȖȋȖ ǷȐȕȒȍȘȚȖȕȈª Ȑ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȐȏȌȈȕ Ȋ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȝ Ȋ  ȋ
© Authors, estate, 2016
© Salamandra P.V.V., ȗȖȌȋ. ȚȍȒșȚȈ, ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȍ, 2016

ǬǭǺǰ ǿǭǸǵǶǫǶ
ǬǸǨDzǶǵǨ
ǵȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ Ȋ DzȐȚȈȍ

8
ȀǾȁȇǼǯȉ ǽdzǸǶǻǮ
 Ǫ ȒțȘȐȓȤȕȍ ȖȗȐțȔȈ
ǻȏȒȈȧ ȐȏȊȐȓȐșȚȈȧ ȏȓȖȊȖȕȕȈȧ ȡȍȓȤ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ țȓȐȞȣ
ǵȐȏȒȐȑ ȌȖȔ ș ȟȍȘȍȗȐȟȕȖȑ ȒȘȣȠȍȑ Ȑ ȋȓȐȕȧȕȣȔȐ șȚȍȕȈȔȐ
— ȌȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȌȊȍ ȒȈȗȓȐ ȊȖȌȣ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȑ ȕȈ șȖșȍȌȕȐȍ șȎȈȊȠȐȍ
ȍȋȖ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȌȖȔȈ ǺȍȔȕȈȧ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȈȧ ȎȐȘȖȔ Ȑ ȋȘȧȏȤȦ
ȖȚ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȑ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ǭșȓȐ ȗȖȌȖȑȚȐ Ȑ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȘȈȏȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȚțȒȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȚȖȓșȚȣȍ
ȌȖșȒȐ — ȌȊȍȘȤ ȖȚȒȘȖȍȚșȧ ǪȣȗȓȣȊțȚ ȟȈȌȧȡȈȧ ȒȍȘȖșȐȕȖȊȈȧ
ȓȈȔȗȈ Ȑ ȎȍȓȚȖȍ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȐșȚȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ș ȘȈșȒȖșȣȔȐ ȖȉȠȈȘȐ-
ȊȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ǫȣ ȊȝȖȌȐȚȍ Ȋ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȊȈȚȣȑ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȦ-
ȡȐȑ ȗȖȓțșȊȍȚ șȘȍȌȕȍȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ Ǫȣ ȓȖȎȐȚȍșȤ ȕȈ
ȏȍȔȓȧȕȖȑ ȗȖȓ ȕȈ ȋȘȧȏȕțȦ ȚȘȖșȚȕȐȒȖȊțȦ ȞȐȕȖȊȒț ǪȈȔ ȗȖ-
ȌȈȦȚ ȒȍȘȖșȐȕȖȊțȦ ȒȖȗȚȐȓȒț ȌȓȐȕȕțȦ ȉȈȔȉțȒȖȊțȦ ȚȘțȉȒț
Ȑ ȗȖȘȞȐȦ ȋțșȚȖȋȖ ȚȍȔȕȖ-ȒȖȘȐȟȕȍȊȖȋȖ ȓȖșȕȧȡȍȋȖșȧ ȚȍșȚȈ
ȅȚȖ ȖȗȐțȔ ǷȖȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȚȘțȉȒț ȕȈȋȘȍȚȣȑ ȕȈȌ șȚȍȒȓȖȔ
ȓȈȔȗȣ Ȗȕ ȒȐȗȐȚ ȘȈȏȌțȊȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ țȌțȠȓȐȊȖ-
șȓȈȌȒȐȑ ȗȘȍȖȉȘȈȎȈȦȡȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȌȣȔ DzțȘȐȓȤȡȐȒț ȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȣȑ ȔȐȘ
ǷȖȟȍȔț ȚȈȒ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȖȗȐțȔȈ ȒțȘȐȚ ȎȍȓȚȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ" ǷȖ-
ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȗȕ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ƕȕ ȏȈ-
ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȘȈȉ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȞȈ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȈ Ȑ
șȊȖȍȋȖ șȖȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȈ — ȋȖȘȌȖȋȖ ȔȈȕȌȈȘȐȕȈ Ƕȕ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȍȚ

9
ȟȚȖ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ ǷȍȒȐȕ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȓȐȞȣȔȐ ȊȍȘȖ-
ȓȖȔȕȣȔȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȖȌȍȚȣȔȐ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ
ȔȖȎȍȚ țȌȈȘȐȚȤ ȗȖ ȓȐȞț ȉȍȌȕȖȋȖ ȒțȓȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȌȈȚȤ ȍȔț
șȚȖ ȐȓȐ ȌȊȍșȚȐ ȉȈȔȉțȒȖȊȣȝ țȌȈȘȖȊ Ǩ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋ ȌȣȔȕȖȑ ȋȘȧȏ-
ȕȖȑ ȒțȘȐȓȤȕȍ ȓȍȎȈ ȕȈ ȉȖȒț ș ȟțȉțȒȖȔ Ȋ ȏțȉȈȝ Ȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ
ȟȈȠȍȟȕȖȑ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȖȋȖ șȕȈȌȖȉȤȧ ț ȓȖȒȚȧ ȎȍȓȚȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
țȕȖșȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȈ Ȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ ǰ ȏȈ-
ȚȍȔ Ȗȕ ȌțȔȈȍȚ Ȗ ȉțȌțȡȍȔ — ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑ ȧȘȒȖȔ
ǿȚȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȟȈș Ȗȕ ȊȣȑȌȍȚ ȖȚșȦȌȈ șȓȈȉȣȑ Ȑ
ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȗȖȒȖȧ ȌȖ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȉȓȈȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȟȈșȈ
ȒțȘȍȕȤȧ ǬȈ ȓȦȌȐ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȐ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȏȓȈ Ȏȍȓ-
ȚȣȔ ȓȦȌȧȔ ȕȖ ȍșȚȤ Ȑ ȝȖȘȖȠȈȧ șȚȖȘȖȕȈ Ȑȝ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȋ șȚȘȈ-
ȕȍ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȌȘȈȒȖȕȈ ǪȍȌȤ ȉȍȏ ȕȐȝ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȣ ȠȐȘȖȒȖșȒț-
ȓȣȝ țȏȒȖȋȓȈȏȣȝ ȚȘțȎȍȕȐȒȖȊ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȓȐ ȉȣ șȊȍȘȒȈȦ-
ȡȐȝ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȐȑ ȌȖșȚțȗȕȣȝ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒțȘȐȓȤȡȐȒȈȔ ȖȗȐțȔȈ
ǵȈ ȓȐȗȒȐȝ ȖȚ ȋȘȧȏȐ ȚȊȍȘȌȣȝ ȒȖȊȘȐȒȈȝ ȖȌȕȖ ȗȖȌȓȍ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȋȖ ȊȌȣȝȈȦȚ Ȋ șȍȉȧ șȓȈȌȒțȦ ȖȚȘȈȊț ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȍȘȚȣȍ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ ȚȍȓȈ ǪȌȖȓȤ ȘȧȌȖȊ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȚ ȌȘȧȝȓȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ șȖȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȚȍȓȧ ȒțȘȐȓȤȕȐ ȗȖȌȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȗȖȘȞȐȐ Ȑ șȖȉȐȘȈȦȡȍ-
ȋȖ ȗȓȈȚț ȏȈ șȚȈȘȣȍ ǪȍȌȤ Ȑ ȖȚȘȈȊȈ 
ǪȍȌȤ Ȑ ȖȚȘȈȊȈ șȚȖȐȚ Ȍȍȕȍȋ Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȚȖȔț ȒȖȔț țȎȍ
ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȈȍȚ ȚȘȍȝ ȗȖȓȕȣȝ ȚȘțȉȖȒ" ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȍșȓȐ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȘȔȈ-
ȕȈȝ ȏȊȍȕȧȚ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȌȖȓȓȈȘȣ ȐȓȐ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȐșȚȍȘȚȣȍ ȓȍȋȒȖ-
Ȋȍșȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȕȣȍ ȞȍȕȚȣ
ǵȈ ȞȐȕȖȊȒȍ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȖȑ ț șȈȔȖȋȖ ȊȝȖȌȈ ȊȖ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȦȦ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȘȈșȒȐȕțȓșȧ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȍȞ Ȋ ȗȖȚȘȍȗȈȕȕȖȔ ȗȓȈ-
ȚȤȍ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȗȍȝȖȚȐȕȞȈ ș ȖșȚȘȖȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȉȖȘȖȌȒȖȑ ȕȈ
ȝțȌȖȔ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȉȘȐȚȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ ǭȋȖ țȏȓȖȊȈȚȣȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ
șȎȐȔȈȦȚ ȒȖȕȟȐȒ — țȊȣ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȌȣȔȧȡȍȑșȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ — ȚȘțȉ-
ȒȐ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȣȒțȘȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȧȚȈȧ ȗȖ șȟȍȚț ȗȖȘȞȐȧ șȢȍȓȈ ȍȋȖ
ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȌȖȉȖșȚȘȈșȚȕȖ
șȖȋȕțȊȠȍȔțșȧ ȝȖȏȧȐȕț
ǴȍșȧȞ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȍȔț ȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ ȉȣ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȈ
ǵȖ ȖȗȐțȔ ȉȍȏȎȈȓȖșȚȍȕ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȍȔȣȑ Ȋșȍ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȍȔ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȔ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍ Ȗȕ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȍ Ȗȉȣȟ-
ȕȖȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ Ǩ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ Ȍȍȓț ȍșȓȐ țȎȍ ȌȊȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ț ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȍȚ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȑ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ș ȚȈȒȐȔ ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȌȖșȚȈȊ-
ȠȐȍșȧ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȉȍȏȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȕȖ șȒȘȣȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȟțȎȐȝ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈȝ

10
ǩțȌȍȔ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȣ, — ȉȣȊȠȐȑ ȒȈȔȍȘ-ȦȕȒȍȘ ȍȋȖ ȊȍȓȐ-
ȟȍșȚȊȈ ȒȕȧȏȤ dzȤȊȖȊ ȗȖȘțȟȐȒ dzȤȊȖȊ ȌȖ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ ȓȐȠȐȊ-
Ƞȍȑ ȍȋȖ ȊșȍȋȖ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚ dzȤȊȖȊ ȕȈ șȓțȎȉȍ ȒȖȘȖ-
ȓȧ ǨȕȋȓȐȐ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ dzȤȊȖȊ — ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȊȖșȚȖȟ-
ȕȖȑ «ȈȘȔȐȐ» ǴȍȘȒțȓȖȊȈ — ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ șȍȑȟȈș ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ Ȋ
ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ
Ƕȕ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȓȖȒȚȍ ȉȍșșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ ȋȓȧ-
Ȍȧ Ȋ țȋȖȓ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȉȘȐȚȣȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȝ Ȓț-
ȘȐȓȤȡȐȒȖȊ ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȣȑ ȠțȔ șȏȈȌȐ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȓȍȕȐȊȖ ȏȈ-
ȋȓȧȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȗȖȓțȖȚȒȘȣȚțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ șȖșȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȧ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȈȧ șȞȍȕȈ
ǷȘȐșȓȖȕȐȊȠȐșȤ șȗȐȕȖȑ Ȓ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑ șȚȍȕȍ Ȑ ȊȣȚȧȕțȊ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȘțȒȐ șȚȖȧȓ ȗȖ-ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐ ȖȌȍȚȣȑ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȒȐ-
ȚȈȍȞ Dz ȕȍȔț șȖȋȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȌȊȖȍ Ȋ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȝ ȔȍșȚ-
ȕȣȝ ȒȖșȚȦȔȈȝ ș ȎȍȓȚȣȔȐ ȓȐȞȈȔȐ ȗȍȘȍȒȖȠȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȏȓȖȉȖȑ
Ȑ șȚȘȈȝȖȔ ǹȗȘȈȊȈ ȊȌȖȓȤ șȚȍȕȣ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȚȍȕȤȦ ȒȘȈȓșȧ
ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȕȈȗȈȌȈȦȡȐȑ, Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȏțȉȈȝ șȐȕȍȊȈȚȖ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȈ ȗȖȓȖșȈ
ȒȘȐȊȖȋȖ ȕȖȎȈ
ǹȚȖȧȊȠȐȑ ț șȚȍȕȣ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȥȚț ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ǵȍ-
ȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȗȘȐșȍȊ Ȗȕ șȐȓȤȕȖ țȌȈȘȐȓ ȕȖȋȖȑ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȖȓȏțȡȍ-
ȋȖ. ǵȖ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȌȊȖȍ ȘȈȏȖȔ ȗȘȣȋȕțȓȐ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ. ǺȘȐ șȞȍ-
ȗȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȚȍȓȈ țȗȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ DzȐȚȈȍȞ ș ȕȖȎȖȔ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ ȕȈ
ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȦȡȐȝșȧ
Ǫ Țț Ȏȍ șȍȒțȕȌț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȍ — dzȤȊȖȊ
ȚȖȎȍ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ ț ȔȍșȚȈ ȕȍȘȈȊȕȖȑ șȝȊȈȚȒȐ
ǬȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȌțȔȈȍȚ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ ȟȚȖ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȔȐȘȖȓȦ-
ȉȐȍ ȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ-ȓȐȉȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȘȖȌȍ ȚȖȓȒȕțȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȥȕȍȘ-
ȋȐȟȕȣȑ ȠȈȋ
ǨȘȐșȚȖȒȘȈȚ dzȤȊȖȊ Ȋșȍȑ șȐȓȖȑ șȊȖȍȑ ȌȊȖȘȧȕșȒȖȑ ȌțȠȐ
ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȓ ȥȚȐȝ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȝ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȊ șțȡȍșȚȊ «ȕȐȏȠȍȑ ȘȈșȣ».
ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȌȈȎȍ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȑ ȏȈȒȖȕ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȍȚ ȉȍȏ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ
ȉȐȚȤ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǬȘțȋȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ — ș ȗȘȐȟȐȕȖȑ Ǩ ȚȈȒȖȊȈȧ ȖȒȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈȓȐȞȖ
ǭȋȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ ȕȈȚȘȍȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȕȈ șȖȓȌȈȚșȒȐȝ ȜȐȏȐȖ-
ȕȖȔȐȧȝ ȒțȓȈȒ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ Ȑ ș ȚȘȍșȒȖȔ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ
șȒțȓț șȕȖȊȈ ȊȣȘȖȕȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȖȎ ȈȏȐȈȚȈ ǷȘȣȋȕțȊ Ȓ ȖșȚȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȔ dzȤȊȖȊ șȌȈȊȐȓ ȟȤȍ-ȚȖ ȠȍȘȠȈȊȖȍ ȋȖȘȓȖ Ȑ ȠȊȣȘȕțȓ Ȗȉ
șȚȍȕț ȍȋȖ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȤȞȈ ǯȈȚȍȔ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȐ ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖ-

12
ȓȖșȤ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȔ ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȣȔ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȔ
Ǫ țȏȒȖȑ ȐȏȘȣȚȖȑ țȓȐȞȍ Ȍțȓ ȘȍȏȒȐȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ǺȍșȕȖ șȋȘț-
ȌȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȜȈȕȏȣ ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȌȣȘȈȔȐ ȕȍ-
ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȖȒȖȕ DzțȌȈ ȗȖȑȚȐ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ — ȉȍȏ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȉȍȏ ȌȘț-
ȏȍȑ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȕȈ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȍ ȉțȌțȡȍȍ ȌȈȎȍ ȉȍȏ
ȖȉȣȟȕȖȑ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȍȑ ȗȖȘȞȐȐ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȋȖ ȏȍȓȤȧ"
ǵȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȓȍȟț ȗȘȐȚȘȖȕțȓȐșȤ ȟȤȐ-ȚȖ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎ-
ȕȣȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ Ȑ ȕȈȌ țȝȖȔ ȏȈȗȍȓȐ ȊȣșȖȒȐȍ ȕȖȚȣ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȋȖ
ȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȍȟȐȧ
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ȑ șȖȓȕȞȈ șȊȖȉȖȌȍȕ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ" ǵȍ șȖ-
ȉȓȈȋȖȊȖȓȐȚ ȓȐ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ ț șȊȖȍȋȖ ȘȈȉȈ șȗȈșȍȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȐȔ ȖȚ țȉȐȑȞ dzȐ-ǽțȍȕ-ǿȍȕȋȈ"
 dzȐ-ǽțȍȕ-ǿȍȕȋ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ
ǷȍȘȊȣȔ ȗȖȉțȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȖȔț ȈȌȘȍșȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȥȚȈ ȗȖ-
ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐ ȊȍȎȓȐȊȈȧ ȜȘȈȏȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȣȘțȋȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȚȤ
șȊȖȑ ȗțȚȤ ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȑ ȔȖȕȋȖȓ ȌțȔȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ dzȤȊȖȊ
ȏȈșȚțȗȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȌȐȒȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȓȦȉȐȧ"
ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȗȘȖȡȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ țȌȈȘȈ Ȋ ȉȖȒ ȗȖ-
ȓțȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȐȔ ȕȈȘȈȊȕȍ ș ȗȘȖȟȐȔȐ ǬȈ Ȋ șȊȈȓȒȍ-ȚȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȔ,
ȉȣȓȖ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȚȤ dzȤȊȖȊ șȖ ȏȓȖȘȈȌȕȣȔ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍȔ
ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ șȓȈȉȖ ȖȉȘȐșȖȊȣȊȈȊȠțȦșȧ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ șțȚțȓțȦ
ȜȐȋțȘț
ǵȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ șȔȍȕȐȓȐșȤ ȌȘțȋȐ-
ȔȐ — ȉȖȓȍȍ ȎȐȚȍȑșȒȐȔȐ ǪșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȚȍȔ Ȗȕ ȏȈȠȈȋȈȓ Ȋ ȖȉȘȈȚ-
ȕȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȔȘȈȟȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȧ Ȋ șȗȐȕț ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȌȊȐȋȈȊȠțȦ-
șȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ
ǷȍȒȐȕ — șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȈȧ șȚȖȓȐȞȈ DzȐȚȈȧ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȉȣȊȠȈȧ
ȔȍșȚȖȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȕȐȍȔ șȊȍȘȋȕțȚȣȝ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȖȊ ȌȐȕȈș-
ȚȐȐ ǾȐȕ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ — ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȞȍȕȚȘ DzȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ Șȍ-
șȗțȉȓȐȒȐ ǷȍȒȐȕ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ Ȉ ȚȘȐ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ —
ȕȈȘțȎȕȣȑ, șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȑ ȐȏȘȍȏȈȕȕȣȑ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȈȔȐ
ȒȘȐȊȣȝ țȓȐȞ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȈȧ ȉȍȌȕȖȚȈ ȒȐȠȐȚ ȒȈȒ Ȋ
ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȔ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȔ ȔțȘȈȊȍȑȕȐȒȍ

13
ȅȚȖȚ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȝȘȈȕȐȚ ȎȐȊțȦ ȘȈȉȖȟțȦ șȐȓț Ȍȓȧ ȌȊțȝ ȌȘț-
ȋȐȝ ȟȈșȚȍȑ ǷȍȒȐȕȈ ǫȖȘȖȌ ș ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȕȣȔ ȏȈȗȈșȖȔ ȋȘȧȏȕȖ-
ȎȍȓȚȣȝ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȣȝ șȗȐȕ ȒțȓȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȋȖȘȖȌ — Ȋȕȍ-
ȏȈȗȕȣȝ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȘȈȏȓȐȊȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȥȗȐȌȍȔȐȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ șȖ-
Țȍȕ ȚȈȑȕȣȝ ȖȗȐȑȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȚȖȕȖȊ ȌȖȔȖȊ ȘȈȏȊȘȈȚȈ Ȑ ȐȋȖȘȕȣȝ
ȌȖȔȖȊ ȘȈȏȣșȒȈȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȍ ȊȏȧȓȈșȤ ȉȣ ȓțȟȠȈȧ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ ȗȖ-
ȓȐȞȐȧ ȅȚȖ — ȘȈȉȖȟȐȑ ǷȍȒȐȕ
ǬȘțȋȖȑ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ — ȉțȘȎțȈȏȕȖ-ȈȘȐșȚȖȒȘȈȚȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȠțȔȕȖȑ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȚȖȓȗȖȑ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȍ țȓȐȞȣ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȚ țȎȍ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑ-
șȒȐȍ ǯȌȍșȤ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȖȊ ȏȈȔȈȕȐȊȈȦȚ ȗȖȒțȗȈȚȍȓȍȑ
ȧȘȒȐȔȐ ȊȣȗțȒȓȣȔȐ ȐȍȘȖȋȓȐȜȈȔȐ ȊȣȊȍșȖȒ ǯȌȍșȤ ȕȈȌ ȔȖ-
ȘȍȔ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȝ ȌȖȔȖȊ ȌȊȖȘȞȖȊ Ȑ ȝȘȈȔȖȊ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȚ ȊȏȌȣ-
ȔȈȚȤșȧ ȔȖȡȕȣȍ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȍ ȕȍȉȖșȒȘȍȉȣ
ǪȚȖȘȖȑ ǷȍȒȐȕ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȍȚ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ — ȗȖșȖȓȤșȒȐȑ
ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓ ǵȖ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ șȔȍȘȚȕȣȑ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ
ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖȔ ȗȘȧȔȖțȋȖȓȤȕȐȒȍ țȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȖȉșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ
ȗȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȔț șȓȖȊț ȏȈȗȈȌȕȖȑ ȚȍȝȕȐȒȐ ȌȖȔȖȊ"
ǺțȌȈ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȈ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȖșȚȖȋȖ ȚțȏȍȔȞȈ ǸȈȏȘȧȎȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȕȈȌțȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȈȔȣ Ȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ ȊȖ ȜȘȈȒȈȝ Ȑ ȞȐȓȐȕȌȘȈȝ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȊȐȝȘȍȔ ȗȘȖȕȍșȚȐșȤ ȗȖ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȣȔ țȓȐȞȈȔ Ȋ ȋțȌȧȡȍȔ ȓȈȒȐ-
ȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȔ ȈȊȚȖ ǷȖȌ ȕȈȌȍȎȕȖȑ ȖȝȘȈȕȖȑ ȖȘțȌȐȑ ȗțȓȍȔȍȚȖȊ
Ȑ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ Ȗȉțȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȖȑșȒ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȐ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȐ Ȑ ǭȊ-
ȘȖȗȣ ȘȍȠȈȦȚ ȚȈȔ șțȌȤȉȣ ȗȖȘȈȉȖȡȍȕȕȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ ǶȚȚțȌȈ
ȉȍȓȈȧ ȊȣȝȖȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȘțȒȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȈ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ șȌȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȚ ȋȖȘ-
ȓȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ DzȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȐ
dzȤȊȖȊ Ȑ dzȐ-ǽțȍȕ-ǿȍȕȋ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȠȓȐ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȍ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ
ǷȍȒȐȕȈ ǰȝ ȖȒȘțȎȈȓȈ ȒȈȚȧȡȈȧșȧ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȋȘȍȔȧȡȈȧ,
ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȗȍȘȍȒȓȐȒȈȦȡȈȧșȧ ȚȖȓȗȈ ǩȍȓȣȑ șȊȍȚ ȌțȋȖȊȣȝ ȓȈȔȗ
ȗȖȉȓȍșȒȐȊȈȓ ȕȈ ȊȣȉȘȐȚȣȝ ȔȈȒțȠȒȈȝ Ȑ ȚȖȕțȓ Ȋ șȐȕȍȑ ȔȈȚȍ-
ȘȐȐ ȉȈȓȈȝȖȕȖȊ ȒțȓȐ ǺȣșȧȟȍȓȐȒȈȧ ȗȍȒȐȕșȒȈȧ țȓȐȞȈ ȎȐȓȈ
ȖȉȣȟȕȖȑ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ
ǵȖȊȣȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ț ȚȘȍȝȥȚȈȎȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ Ȑ
ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ ȊȊȍȘȝ ǬȊȍȘȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȒȐȚȈȧȕȒȈ ǽȖȏȧȐȕ
ȗȘȖȊȍȓ dzȤȊȖȊȈ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȑ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȧ ȒȈȒȐȍ-
ȚȖ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ ǫȖșȚȤ țșȍȓșȧ ȏȈ ȗȓȍȚȍȕȣȑ șȚȖȓ ȝȔțȘȖ
ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒț ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ

14
ǭȍ șȚȍȕȣ Ȑ ȗȖȓ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȉȐȚȣ țȏȖȘȟȈȚȣȔȐ ȚȘȖșȚȕȐȒȖ-
ȊȣȔȐ ȒȖȊȘȈȔȐ ǵȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȊȐșȍȓȐ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȊȠȐȍ
ȋȓȈȊȕȣȍ ȥȗȐȏȖȌȣ ȔȕȖȋȖȊȍȒȖȊȖȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ șȚȘȈ-
ȕȣ ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ — ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȝ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȖȊ Ǫ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ
ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȊȠȍȔ țșȈȚȖȋȖ șȔȖȚȘȧȡȍȋȖ ȐșȗȖȌȓȖȉȤȧ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ
Ȋ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍȔ ȔțȕȌȐȘȍ dzȤȊȖȊ țȏȕȈȓ ȋȓȈȊȕțȦ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȕȈȘȖȎ-
ȌȈȦȡțȦșȧ șȐȓț șȚȘȈȕȣ — ȔȈȕȟȎțȘșȒȖȋȖ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȈ ǿȎȈȕ-
ǾȏȖ-dzȐȕȈ Ǫ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȓȐȞȍȔ ȠȚȈȚșȒȖȔ ș ȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ
țȏȒȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ — ȋȓȈȊț ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȦȎȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ǹțȕ-ȇȚ-ǹȍȕȈ ǪȌȖȓȤ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȍȕȣ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȕȐȏ-
ȒȈȧ ȒțȠȍȚȒȈ ș ȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȖȗȍȘȍȒ ȕȍȍ ȠȈȠȒȖȑ Ȑ ȔțȕȌȐ-
ȘȖȔ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȋȖ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ
ǽȖȏȧȐȕ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȑ ș ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȔ șȐȧȦȡȐȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ
țșȍȓșȧ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȒȘțȋȓȖȋȖ șȚȖȓȈ
— ǴȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ șȣȕ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȡȍȔ ȍȔț ȌȖȔȍ ǹȍȑȟȈș ȍȔț ȗȖȌȈȌțȚ țȎȐȕ ǵȍ Ȏȍ-
ȓȈȍȚ ȓȐ Ȗȕ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȓȐȉȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ șȊȖȍȔț ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ-
Ȕț șȓțȋȍ"
DzȈȒ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖșȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȚȘȖȕțȚȤ ȒȖȋȖ țȋȖȌ-
ȕȖ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ dzȤȊȖȊț ȕțȎȕȈ ȝȖȘȖȠȈȧ ȗȖȘȞȐȧ ȖȗȐțȔȈ ǵȖ
ȏȌȍșȤ ȌȍȓȖ ȗȈȝȕȍȚ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȗȖșȍȘȤȍȏȕȍȍ ǵțȎȕȖ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ
ȒȈȒ ȓțȟȠȍ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ șțȉȢȍȒ-
ȚȈ ǸȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȕȈȓȈȎȐȊȈȓșȧ ǷȘȐȕȍșȓȐ ȟȈȠȍȟȒȐ ș ȘȐșȖȔ ȊȈ-
ȘȍȕțȦ șȊȐȕȐȕț ȎȈȘȍȕȣȝ țȓȐȚȖȒ Ȑ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȟȍȘȊȍȑ ǷȖ-
ȌȈȓȐ ȒȘȖȠȍȟȕȣȍ ȟȈȠȍȟȒȐ ȒȐȗȧȚȒȈ ș ȗȓȈȊȈȦȡȐȔȐ Ȋ ȕȐȝ
ȡȍȗȖȚȒȈȔȐ ȌțȠȐșȚȖȋȖ ȟȈȧ ǩțȚȣȓȒȈ ș ȒȖȕȤȧȒȖȔ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕ-
ȕȈȧ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȋȖșȚȧ ȗțșȚȍȓȈ ȕȍ ȉȍȏ ȍȋȖ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȖȋȖ
țȟȈșȚȐȧ
dzȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȧșȕȐȓȖșȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ǪȣȚȧȕțȊ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ
Ȋ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȝ ȐȏȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȖȉȔȖȚȒȈȝ ȕȖȋȐ Ȗȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȌțȘȕȖ dzȐȞȖ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ ȕȈȖȉȖȘȖȚ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈ-
ȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȑ Ȑ țȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȑ ȖȚȚȍȕȖȒ Ƕȕ ȕȈȒȓȖ-
ȕȐȓșȧ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț ȉȓȈȋȖȌțȠȍșȚȊȖȊȈȊȠȍȔț ȋȖșȚȦ
— ǵȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȍȕȖ ȓȐ ȉțȌȍȚ țȏȕȈȚȤ șȔȐȘȍȕȕȖȔț dzȐ-ǽțȍȕ-
ǿȍȕȋț ȒȈȒȖȍ ȋȖȘȍ țȌȘțȟȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȉȘȈȚȈ? ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ Ȗȕ ȈȕȋȓȐ-
ȟȈȕȐȕ" ǰȓȐ, ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ 

15
— ǸțșșȒȐȑ — ȉțȘȒȕțȓ dzȤȊȖȊ ȉȍșȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȕȖ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȧ
ȕȖȊȣȑ șȚȈȒȈȕ
— ǸțșșȒȐȑ — ȓȐȞȖ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ șȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ ȍȡȍ ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕ-
ȕȍȍ, — ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȏȈȟȍȔ Ȋȣ ȏȈșȚțȗȐȓȐșȤ ȏȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǯȕȈȟȐȚ Ȋȣ Ȑȏ Țȍȝ, șȉȘȖșȐȊȠȐȝ ș șȍȉȧ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȐȋȖ"
— Ǫȣ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ, ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ" ǪȖȚ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ! — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȊȠȐȍ dzȤȊȖȊȈ șȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȧȌȖ-
ȊȐȚȖȑ ȉȍȠȍȕȖȑ ȕȈșȔȍȠȒȐ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȖȚȊȍȚȍ
ǵȖ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȑ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ ȕȍ ȖȚȕȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȘȈȏȘȧȌț ȚȈȒȐȝ
ȓȦȌȍȑ Ƕȕ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȗȖȌșȒȖȟȐȓ ȕȈ șȚțȓȍ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȓ
ȌȊȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȝ șȚȈȒȈȕȟȐȒȈ
— ǬȈ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȐȚ Ȕȕȍ ȔȖȑ ȌȘțȋ dzȐ-ǪȖ ȊȣȗȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȏȌȖȘȖ-
ȊȤȍ ȍȋȖ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ dzȐ-ǽțȍȕ-ǿȍȕȋ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ ȗȘȈ-
ȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȈȘȔȐȐ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȉțȌȍȚ țșȓțȋȐ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ
ȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȍȍ ȌȍȚȍȑ ǵȖ ȗțșȚȤ ȊȍȓȐȒȖ-
ȌțȠȕȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚ Ȕȕȍ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ
ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȐȔȍȓ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤșȧ ș ȊȈȔȐ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ
ȔȍșȚȍ"
dzȤȊȖȊ ȕȖȊȖȐșȗȍȟȍȕȕȣȑ dzȐ-ǪȖ șȘȈȏț ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ
ȗȓȖȝȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȈȧ ȜȘȈȏȈ Ȗ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȕȖșȚȐ Ȓ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȗȘȖȐȏ-
ȊȍȓȈ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ǿȚȖ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȌȘțȋ șȖȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚ ȒȖȔȔț-
ȕȐșȚȈȔ ǬȈȚȤ ȍȔț ȒȖȔȔțȕȐșȚȈ ǷȍȘȍșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȖȌȕț Ȑȏ ȌȍșȧȚ-
ȒȖȊ șȓȣȠȈȕȕȣȝ ȐșȚȖȘȐȑ — șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȚȘțȌȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ
— DzȖȔȈȕȌțȧ ȖȚȘȧȌȖȔ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ ȕȈ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ ȧ ȉȣȓ
ȘȈȕȍȕ Ȑ ȏȈȝȊȈȟȍȕ Ȋ ȗȓȍȕ ǵȈș — ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȖȍȕȕȖ-
ȗȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȍȏȓȐ Ȋ ǩȘȐȚȈȕșȒțȦ ǰȕȌȐȦ ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȚȖȧȕȒȐ Ȋ
ȀȈȕȝȈȍ Ȕȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ǹȒȘȣȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȘȚț ǷȖȚȖȔ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȘȖȌȐȕț — ȟȍȘȍȏ ǴȈȕȟȎțȘȐȦ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ
ǵȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȊȣȠȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ DzȖȍ-ȒȈȒ ȗȐȚȈȓșȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ Ǫ
ȒȖȕșțȓȤșȚȊȍ ȕȈȊȖȌȧȚ șȗȘȈȊȒȐ — ȕȍȚ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȖȊ ǹ ȋȖȘȧ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓ ȒțȘȐȚȤ ȇ — ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ — ǷȘȐ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȗ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȖȌ-
ȓȐȕȕȣȝ ȏȓȖȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧȝ dzȤȊȖȊ ȚȈȒ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȍȋȖ
ȋȖȓȖșȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȚȘȈȋȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȕȖȚȒȐ
ǹȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ș ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȐȔ șȖȟțȊșȚȊȐȍȔ
— ǺȈȒ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ dzȐ-ǪȖ ȗȖșȚȘȈȌȈȓ ȏȈ șȊȖȉȖȌț șȊȖȍȑ ȘȖȌȐ-
ȕȣ" ǺȈȒ ȗțșȚȤ dzȐ-ǪȖ ȕȍ ȖȋȖȘȟȈȍȚșȧ Ȗȕ dzȐ-ǽțȍȕ-ǿȍȕȋ, ȗȖ-
ȔȖȎȍȚ ȍȔț ȗȘȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ǹǹǹǸ ǽȖȚȧ DzȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȍ
ȚȖȎȍ ȕțȎȕȣ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ǴȍȎȌȖțșȖȉȕȈȧ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȘȈȏ-

16
ȘȣȊȈȍȚ ©ȏȍȓȍȕȍȦȡțȦ șȚȘȈȕț» ȕȈ ȟȈșȚȐ ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓ ǻ-Ƿȍȑ-Ǽț
ȧȊȕȖ ȗȖȌȗȈȌȈȍȚ ȗȖȌ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȗȖșȓȖȊ ǹ șȍȊȍ-
ȘȈ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȍȚ ȔȖȋțȟȐȑ ȌțȌȏȦȕ ǿȎȈȕ-ǾȏȖ-dzȐȕ ǵȖ Ȋ șȓțȟȈȍ
șȊȖȍȑ ȗȖȉȍȌȣ Ȗȕ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ǻ-Ƿȍȑ-Ǽț ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȘȧȗȒȖȑ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ
ȐȔȗȍȘȐȈȓȐșȚȖȊ ȆȎȕȖȍ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȚȖ-
Ȏȍ ȊȍȌȍȚ ȓȖȎȕțȦ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒț țșȐȓȐȊȈȧ ȔȍȎȌȖțșȖȉȕțȦ ȊȖȑȕț.
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȠȈȋȐ ȔȖȋțȚ șȗȈșȚȐ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ǷȘȈȊ-
ȌȈ ȍșȚȤ ȓȦȌȐ ȊȓȈȌȍȦȡȐȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ  ǭșȓȐ dzȐ-ǪȖ ȗȖ-
ȒȓȧȕȍȚșȧ
dzȐ-ǽțȍȕ-ǿȍȕȋ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȑ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȊ-
ȠȐșȤ Ȓ șȈȔȖȔț ȓȐȞț dzȤȊȖȊȈ dzȤȊȖȊ ȎȈȌȕȖ ȓȖȊȐȓ ȒȈȎȌȖȍ ȍȋȖ
șȓȖȊȖ ǵȍ șȖȖȉȡȐȚ ȓȐ ȍȔț ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȓȐȉȖ ȊȖȍȕȕțȦ ȚȈȑ-
ȕț șȚȖȧȡțȦ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȝ Ȍȍȕȍȋ" ǶȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȝȖȎȍ ȕȈ ȚȖ șțȌȧ ȗȖ
ȍȋȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȔț ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȦ
ǵȖ dzȐ-ǽțȍȕ-ǿȍȕȋ ȖȗȖȔȕȐȓșȧ ǪȍȌȤ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ Ȗȕ
ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȘțșșȒȖȔ ǹȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȘȈȕȖ ȗȖșȊȧ-
ȡȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȚȈȑȕȣ Ƕȕ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓșȧ șȘȈȏț ȗȘȐȌȈȊ
ȓȐȞț ȗȘȍȎȕȍȍ ȉȍșșȚȘȈșȚȕȖȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ
— ǺȈȒ ȊȖȚ ȍșȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȌȘțȋ dzȐ-ǪȖ ȌȈșȚ ȒȓȧȚȊț ȕȍȚ ȌȈȎȍ
ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȖȉȍȡȈȕȐȍ ȊȍȘȕȖ șȓțȎȐȚȤ ǷȍȒȐȕșȒȖȔț ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ-
șȚȊț ȔȖȎȕȖ țșȚȘȖȐȚȤ ȍȔț ȒȖȔȈȕȌȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȊȖ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȜȖȘ-
ȔȐȘțȍȔȖȔ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕ ȍȋȖ
ȗȖȒȖȘȕȍȑȠȐȑ șȓțȋȈ ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓ ǻ-Ƿȍȑ-Ǽț ȕțȎȌȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȝȖȘȖ-
ȠȐȝ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈȝ Ǩ Ȋ șȔȣșȓȍ ȘȍȒȖȔȍȕȌȈȞȐȐ — dzȐ-ǽțȍȕ-ǿȍȕȋ
ȉȍȘȍȚ Ȋșȍ ȝȓȖȗȖȚȣ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ
ǫȓțȉȖȒȖ ȘȈȏȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ dzȤȊȖȊ ȖȚȒȐȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȒț
șȚțȓȈ ǵȖ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȔȍșȚȖ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȋȖ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ țȎȍ
ȕȍ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȗȓȖȝȈȧ ȠȚțȒȈ Ǩ ȗȖ ȗȖȊȖȌț ȚȈȑȕȣ — ȕțȎȕȖ ȊȖȑȚȐ
Ȋ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȍ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖșȚȈȘȈȚȤșȧ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȊȣȊȍȌȈȚȤ
ȍȍ ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ țȚȘȖ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȌȘțȏȤȧ țȎȍ ȍȝȈȓȐ Ȋ ȠȚȈȉ ȋȓȈȊ-
ȕȖȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȍȋȖ Ǩ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȖȌȍȚȣȑ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȕțȦ
ȜȖȘȔț ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȈ dzȤȊȖȊ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓ ȕȈ Ȧȋ ș ȘȖ-
ȚȖȑ ȊȝȖȌȧȡȍȑ Ȋ șȖșȚȈȊ ȈȘȔȐȐ ȗȖșȓȈȕȕȖȑ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȐȚȤ ȕȍȗȖ-
ȒȖȘȕȣȍ ȊȖȑșȒȈ ȉțȕȚțȦȡȍȑ ȗȘȖȊȐȕȞȐȐ ǨȕȤ-ǽȖȑ

17
 ǩȐȚȊȈ ț ǾțȧȕȤ ǬȏȧȖ
ǶȌȐȕ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȎȈȓȐ ȗȣȝȚȧȡȐȍ ȥȠȍȓȖȕȣ Ȋȣȉ-
ȘȈșȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ ȌȖșȟȈȚȣȑ ȗȍȘȘȖȕ ȗȈȟȒȐ ȎȍȓȚȖȓȐȞȣȝ ȊȖȐȕȖȊ Ȋ
șȍȘȣȝ ȜȖȘȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȒțȘȚȒȈȝ ș ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔȐ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȒȈȔȐ Ȋ Șț-
ȒȈȝ ǹ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȝ ȗȓȈȚȜȖȘȔ șȋȘțȎȈȓȐ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȉȘȍȏȍȕ-
ȚȖȔ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȗȘȧȔȣȍ ȝȖȉȖȚȣ ȗȖȓȍȊȣȝ ȖȘțȌȐȑ ȋȘȖȔȖȏȌȒȐȍ
ȉȈȓȓȖȕȣ ș țȌțȠȓȐȊȣȔȐ ȋȈȏȈȔȐ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȍ ȖȒȖȟȍȕȍȓȣȍ șȈ-
ȔȖȓȍȚȣ ș șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȍȘȚȣȔȐ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ ǹȒȘȐȗȍȓȐ
ȖȚȢȍȏȎȈȊȠȐȍ ș ȈȔțȕȐȞȐȍȑ ȈȘȉȣ ȝȘȐȗȍȓȐ Ȑ ȏȊȍȕȍȓȐ ȋȘț-
ȏȖȊȐȒȐ ȖȚȘȣȊȐșȚȣȔȐ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȘțȋȈȓȐșȤ ȖȜȐ-
ȞȍȘȣ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȈȊȠȐȝ ȟȈșȚȍȑ ǿȈșȚȐ șȚȘȖȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȖȚȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȕȈ
ȊȖșȚȖȒ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȘȈșșȊȍȚȕțȦ Ȕȋȓț ȚțȌȈ ȖȚȒțȌȈ țȎȍ ȌȖȕȖșȐ-
ȓȐșȤ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȍ țȌȈȘȣ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȈȘȚȐȓȓȍȘȐȑ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȉȖȧ
ǩȈȚȈȓȤȖȕ dzȐ-ǽțȍȕ-ǿȍȕȋȈ Ƞȍȓ ȏȈȓȐȚȣȔȐ ȔȍȓȒȖȑ ȊȖȌȖȑ
ȏȍȓȍȕȍȦȡȐȔȐ ȘȐșȖȊȣȔȐ ȗȖȓȧȔȐ dzȤȊȖȊ ȠȈȋȈȓ ȊȖ ȋȓȈȊȍ
ȚȘȍȚȤȍȑ ȘȖȚȣ — ȗȖȌȚȧȕțȚȣȑ ȗȖșȊȍȎȍȊȠȐȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȊȠȐȑ
șȍȉȧ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ șȚȐȝȐȐ DzțȓȈȒ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȘțȒȐ ȍȡȍ
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȚȐȝȖȕȤȒȖ ȕȣȚȤ ȖȚ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȏțȉȖȚȣȟȐȕ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȑȟȈș țȒȘȈȌȒȖȑ ȘȖȏȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȣȔ ȘȧȌȖȊȣȔ
ǪȖȚ ȥȚȖ ȎȐȏȕȤ — ȎȐȏȕȤ ȉȘȈȊȖȋȖ ȜȘȖȕȚȖȊȐȒȈ-ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȈ ǹȖȓ-
ȌȈȚȣ Ȑ ȉȖȧȚșȧ Ȑ țȊȈȎȈȦȚ ǻ ȕȈȟȈȓȤșȚȊȈ ȕȈ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȔ șȟȍȚț!
Ǫ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȍ ȏȊȖȕȒȐȍ ȌȖȓȓȈȘȣ ǷȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȖ
ǽȓȦȗȈȧ ȗȖ ȊȖȌȍ Ȑ ȕȍȓȖȊȒȖ ȗȘȐȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȧ ȠȈȠȒț șȉȖȒț
ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȔȍȠȒȖȊȈȚȣȑ dzȐ-ǽțȍȕ-ǿȍȕȋ ǭȋȖ șȒțȓȈșȚȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ
șȔȖȚȘȍȓȖ ȔȘȈȟȕȖ Ȑ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖ ǻȓȣȉȒȈ dzȤȊȖȊȈ ȚȖȎȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ ȗȘȐ ȊȐȌȍ șȚȘȖȋȖȋȖ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ ȚȖȕȒȐȝ ȋțȉ ȗȖȌȖ-
ȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ
dzȐ-ǽțȍȕ-ǿȍȕȋ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ ǯȈ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȗȘȖȠȍȌȠțȦ șȖ
ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȈ Ȗȕ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȝȖ-
ȘȖȠȖ ȐȋȘȈȊȠȍȔț ȕȖȊțȦ ȘȖȓȤ ȉȍȓȖȋȊȈȘȌȍȑȞț Ƕȕ ȟȈșȚȖ ȏȈ-
ȊȖȌȐȓ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȣ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȚȍȔȣ ȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȍ-
ȓȖ ȒȈșȈȓȖșȤ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȕȍȌȖȋȖȊȖȘȍȕȕȣȝ ȜȘȈȏ — ȚȖȚ ȖȚȔȈȓȟȐ-
ȊȈȓșȧ ȐȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȐȓ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȚȘȖ-
ȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȘțȒȍ dzȤȊȖȊȈ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ ȕȈ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔțȦ ȚȖȟ-
Ȓț ȗȣȓȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȈ

18
— ǶȕȐ ȚȈȔ Ǵȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȖȉȖȑȚȐ șȗȘȈȊȈ Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȗțȓȍ-
ȔȍȚȕȣȑ ȖȋȖȕȤ ǩȐȚȊȈ ȘȈșȚȍȚ ǹȓȣȠȐȚȍ ȒȈȒ țșȐȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ
ȒȈȕȖȕȈȌȈ" ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȌțȠ ȗȖȒȐȕȍȚ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ șȊȖȐ ȎȐ-
ȓȐȡȈ ǰ Ȋșȍ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȈȓȐșȚȈȔ ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ ȗȖșȒȖ-
Șȍȑ ȗȖȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȔȍȎȌț șȖȉȖȦ ȖșȓȈȉȍȊȠȐȑ DzȐȚȈȑ ǹȓțȠȈȑȚȍ
dzȤȊȖȊ ȠȈȋȈȓ ȔȖȓȟȈ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖȋȖ ȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȕȐȧ ȉȖȧ ȍȔț ȉȣȓȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȗȖȌȣȋȘȣȊȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȌ ȒȐșȓțȦ
ȉȖȓȚȖȊȕȦ ǵȍ Ȋșȍ ȓȐ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȟȍȔ ȒȖȕȟȐȚșȧ ȥȚȈ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȌȈȦ-
ȡȈȧ ȍȔț ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȍ ȗȘȈȊȖ ȉȐȚȤ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ" ǸȈȏ-
ȓȈȋȈȦȡȐȔ șțȉȢȍȒȚȈȔ ȊȘȖȌȍ dzȐ-ǽțȍȕ-ǿȍȕȋȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ Ȕȍș-
ȚȖ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȈȘȔȐȐ
ǷȖ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȔț ȕȍȉț ȕȈȌ ȋȓȈȌȒȐȔȐ ȋȖȓțȉȣȔȐ ȖȏȍȘȈȔȐ ș
ȒȈȕȈȓȈȔȐ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧȔ ȗȍȘȍșȍȒȈȊȠȐȔȐ ȘȐșȖȊȣȍ
ȗȖȓȧ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȖșȤ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȖȘȈȕȎȍȊȖȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ
ȎȍȓȚȍȓȈ ȋțșȚȈȧ ȉȈȔȉțȒȖȊȈȧ ȏȈȘȖșȓȤ ȊȉȓȐȏȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ
ȉȣȓ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕ ǫȓȈȌȒȐȍ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȖȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ șȚȊȖ-
ȓȣ ȖȉȊȍȠȈȕȕȣȍ țȏȒȐȔȐ ȓȐșȚȤȧȔȐ ȘȈȌțȠȕȖ ȔȈȕȐȓȐ ȖȚȌȖȝ-
ȕțȚȤ ȗȖȌ Ȑȝ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȚȐȍȔ Ǩ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ǰȌțȡȐȑ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȔ ȘȧȌț șȖȓȌȈȚ șȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ
ȗȖȒȈȟȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ șȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȚȖȟȒȐ ǹ ȚȐȝȐȔ ȝȘȐȗȖȔ
ȠȈȋȈȊȠȐȑ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ǶșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȠȈ-
ȘȈȝȕțȓȐșȤ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȠȈȚȈȧșȤ Ȑ ȗȈȌȈȧ ȌȘțȋ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȈ
ǫȈȏȖȊȈȧ ȊȖȑȕȈ ǷȍȘȊȣȔ ȕȈȠȍȓșȧ ȊȐȌȈȊȠȐȑ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ Ȋȍ-
Ȓț ȊȐȌȣ dzȤȊȖȊ
— ǹȔȐȘȕȖ ǵȍ ȓȖȔȈȚȤ șȚȘȖȑ ǵȈȌȍȚȤ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȋȈȏȣ ǮȐ-
Ȋȍȑ — Ƕȕ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȗȖȌȈȓ ȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȊ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑȏ-
ȊȓȍȟȍȕȕȖȑ Ȑȏ șțȔȒȐ ȋȓțȝȖȑ ȔȈșȒȖȑ
ǹȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟȕȖ ȕȈȊȧȏȣȊȈȧ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ
ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȋȈȏȣ ǷȍȘȊȖȍ ȏȈȔȍȠȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȖ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȗȍȘȍȌȕȐȍ ȘȧȌȣ șȕȖȊȈ ȠȈȚȕțȓȐșȤ ȕȈȏȈȌ ǪȖȒȘțȋ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȈȓȐ
ȌȍșȧȚȒȐ Ȗȋȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȉȐȟȍȑ dzȦȌȐ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ ȕȍȓȍȗȖ ȗȖȌȗȘȣȋȐ-
ȊȈȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȧ ȒȖȘȟȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȎȐȌȒȖȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȋȘȧȏȐ ǪșȓȍȌ
ȏȈ ȋȈȏȖȊȖȑ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȒȖȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȗțȓȍȔȍȚȕȣȑ ȖȉșȚȘȍȓ
ǸȈșȚȧȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȔȍȓȒȖȑ ȊȖȌȍ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȖ ȖȉșȚȘȍȓȐ-
ȊȈȓȐ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȖȋȖ ȊȘȈȋȈ ǺȖȓșȚȣȍ ȉȈȔȉțȒȐ ȓȖȔȈȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ ȖȚ
șȐȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȊȍȚȘȈ
— Ǫ ȈȚȈȒț

20
— dzȐ-ǪȖ ȥȚȖ Ȋȣ" — ǿȍȕȋ șȎȈȓ șȓȈȉȍȦȡȐȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ
ȓȈȌȖȕȤ dzȤȊȖȊȈ — ȐȌț Ȓ ȔȖȐȔ ȖȚȞȈȔ țȔȐȘȈȦ ǵȖ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ
ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȚȈȑȕț ȇ ȊȍȘȦ Ȋȣ ȔȖȑ ȌȘțȋ Ȋȣ șȗȈș-
ȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚ ȕȖȎȍȑ ȚȐȋȘȖȊ Ȋȣ — ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȍȘ
ǺȘțȌȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ dzȐ-ǪȖ
«ǶȕȐ șȖȉȐȘȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȍȓȤȍ ǽț ǬȊȈ ȟȈșȈ ȝȖȌȤȉȣ ȖȚ
ǷȍȒȐȕȈ. ǵțȎȕȣ ȓȦȌȐ, ȉțȌȍȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ǯȈȗȐșȒȈ Ȋ ȉȖ-
ȒȖȊȖȔ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȍ ǩțȌț ȉțȌț șȓȍȌȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȊȈȔȐ ȖȚȚțȌȈ»
ǸțȒȈ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈ ȘȈȏȎȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ țȗȈȓȈ Ȋ ȊȖȌț Ƕȕ țȔȍȘ
ǵȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȡȍȓȒȈȦȡȐȍ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȗțȓȐ
dzȤȊȖȊ ȓȖȊȒȖ ȖȉȣșȒȐȊȈȓ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȣ ȕȈȔȖȒ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȔțȕȌȐȘȈ Ǫ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȕȈȡțȗȈȓ șȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȟȍȚȊȍȘȖ ȗȍȘ-
ȋȈȔȍȕȚ ǷȘȐȗȈȊ Ȓ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȓ ȍȋȖ ǵȈ ȎȍȓȚȖ-
ȊȈȚȖȔ ȓȐșȚȍ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓȖ șȌȍȓȈȕȕȖȍ ȚțȠȤȦ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȟȍȘ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȌȘȈȒȖȕȈ ș ȊȣȗțȡȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȒȖȋȚȧȔȐ ȉȤȦȡȐȔ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȝȊȖ-
șȚȖȔ Ȑ ȝȐȡȕȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȗȈșȚȤȦ ǰȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȖȒȘțȎȈȓȐ
ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȝ ȐȍȘȖȋȓȐȜȈ DzȈȒ șȖȎȈȓȍȓ dzȤȊȖȊ ȟȚȖ șȊȖȍȊȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȣțȟȐȓșȧ ȥȚȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȓȖȔȕȖȑ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ȋȘȈȔȖȚȍ
Ǹȍȏȕȧ Ȋ ȘȖȡȍ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈșȤ ȀȈȚȈȦȡȐȍșȧ șȚȊȖȓȣ ȉȣȓȐ
ȖȒțȚȈȕȣ ȕȍȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȍȔȖȑ ȌȣȔȖȊȖȑ ȏȈȊȍșȖȑ ǵȖ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ
șȚȈȕȞȐȐ țȎȍ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȗȖȌȔȖȋȈ — ȕȖȊȣȑ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȑ ȉȈȚȈ-
ȓȤȖȕ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȖȑșȒ dzȤȊȖȊ ȖȚȉȍȎȈȓ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț —
ȕȍ ȗȖȗȈșȚȤ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȐ ȔȈȘȠȐȘțȦȡȐȝ — Ȑ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȘȈșȚȧ-
ȕțȓșȧ ȏȈ ȟȤȐȔ-ȚȖ șȒȘȦȟȍȕȕȣȔ ȖȒȘȖȊȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȚȘțȗȖȔ
 ǻȎȈșȣ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȍȓȐȑ ǽț
ǻȎȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ șȔȍȘȒȈȚȤșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȗȣȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȗțȚȕȐȒ Ȋ
ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȋȖ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ ȊȏȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȋȓȐȕȐșȚȣȑ ȝȖȓȔ
șȓțȎȈȡȐȑ ȗȖȌȕȖȎȤȍȔ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȝȘȈȔȈ ǹȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖșȚȐ
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ Ȗȕ ȕȍȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ țȏȖȘȕȣȍ
ȊȣȞȊȍȚȠȐȍ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȒȘțȋȓȣȍ ȚȘȖȑȕȣȍ ȊȖȘȖȚȈ ȊȝȖȌȈ
ǯȈȚȍȔ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȊȕțȚȘȤ
DzȈȒ-ȚȖ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ țȉȐȚȣȑ dzȐ-ǽțȍȕ-
ǿȍȕȋ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ dzȤȊȖȊț Ȗ ȝȘȈȔȍ ǹȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖșȚȐ Ȑ Ȗ ȕȈȝȖ-
ȌȧȡȍȔșȧ ȗȖȌ ȕȐȔ ȏȈȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȖȔ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȍȓȤȍ ǽț ǭȡȍ ȚȖȋȌȈ

21
dzȤȊȖȊ țȓȖȊȐȓ Ȋ ȍȋȖ șȓȖȊȈȝ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȚȚȍȕȖȒ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȔȍ-
ȘȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ǰ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȠȈȋȈȧ ȗȖ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȔț ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖȔț ȚȖȓș-
ȚȣȔ ȒȖȊȘȖȔ ȋȘȧȏȐ ȗȖȓț Ȗȕ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȓ Ȋ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ȖȚȌȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȍ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȣ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ
Ƕȕ ȟȐȘȒȕțȓ șȗȐȟȒȖȑ
ǷȘȧȔȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȕȈ ȔȈșșȐȊȕȖȔ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȐȐ ȖȉȘȈȏțȦ-
ȡȍȔ ȗȖȓțȒȘțȋ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȈȓȐșȤ șȍȔȤ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ
șȚȈȚțȑ ǻ șȘȍȌȕȍȑ țșȍȊȠȍȑșȧ ȗȖ-ȚțȘȍȞȒȐ Ȑ șȓȖȎȐȊȠȍȑ ȕȈ
ȎȐȊȖȚȍ ȘțȒȐ ȘȈșȒȖșȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ș ȏȈȒȘțȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ țșȈȔȐ ȖșȒȈ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȏțȉȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȗȓȦșȕțȚȣȔ ȕȖșȖȔ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍ-
ȓȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȊȣȒȈȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ǬȘțȋȐȍ ȠȍșȚȤ — ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȐ ȉȖȋȈ ǹȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖșȚȐ ȋȘȖȏȕȖ
ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȐ Ȓ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȔȖȔț ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȐȒț ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȍ
ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ Ǫșȧ ȋȘțȗȗȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
țșȚȘȈȠȈȦȡȍȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ
DzȐȚȈȑșȒȐȍ ȒțȔȐȘȕȐ șȓȈȊȧȚșȧ șȊȖȍȑ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ
ȏȈȗțȡȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ȀȈȋȈȧ ȗȖ ȋȘțȌȈȔ ȔțșȖȘȈ Ȑ ȕȍȟȐșȚȖȚ dzȤȊȖȊ
ȖȉȖȠȍȓ ȈȓȚȈȘȤ ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ țȏȒȐȑ ȗȘȖȝȖȌ ȊȕțȚȘȤ
Ƕȕ ȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȗȘȖȝȖȌț
ǹȗȘȈȊȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ țȝȖȌȧȡȈȧ ȊȕȐȏ țȏȒȈȧ ȌȣȘȈ dzȤȊȖȊ ȕȈ-
ȡțȗȈȓ ȗȍȘȋȈȔȍȕȚ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȍ Ȑ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ — Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȔ
ǵȈȟȈȓ șȗțșȒȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȔ șȚțȗȍȕȤȒȈȔ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȖȑ ȓȍ-
șȚȕȐȞȣ
ǶȚ șȗțșȒȈ Ƞȍȓ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ ȊȗȘȈȊȖ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȊȖ-
ȘȖȚȖȊ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȏȈȔȍȘȞȈȓ ȒȘȈșȕȖȊȈȚȣȑ șȊȍȚ dzȤȊȖȊ ȗȖȌȒȘȈȓșȧ
ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȘ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȠȍȑșȧ ȉȘȍȌȖȊȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȖȑ
Ǫ ȒȘțȋȓȖȑ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȖȑ ȌȣȔȧȡȐȔȐșȧ ȜȈȒȍȓȈȔȐ ȗȍȡȍȘȍ
șȗțșȒȈȓȈșȤ ș ȗȖȚȖȓȒȈ ȚȖȓșȚȈȧ ȞȍȗȤ ȕȐȎȕȐȔ ȒȖȕȞȖȔ ȖȝȊȈ-
ȚȣȊȈȊȠȈȧ ȠȍȦ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ ȜȐȋțȘȣ DzȖȕȞȈ-
ȔȐ ȕȖȎȕȣȝ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȊ ȗȖȌȊȍȠȍȕȕȣȑ țȗȐȘȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȦ ǹțȌȧ
ȗȖ ȘȈȊȕȖȔȍȘȕȖȔț ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȕȐȦ ȚȍȓȈ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȎȐȊ Ǩ ȗȘȐ-
ȋȓȧȌȍȊȠȐșȤ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȍȍ dzȤȊȖȊ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌ ȍȋȖ ȋȖ-
ȓȣȔȐ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȚȓȍȓȈ ȋȘțȌȈ țȋȓȍȑ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ƞȍȓ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȗȈ-
ȓȍȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȔȧșȈ ǵȈ ȊȖȓȖșȈȚȖȑ ȋȘțȌȐ ȒȈȏȕȍȕȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȉȣȓȈ șȌȍȓȈȕȈ ȒȘțȗȕȈȧ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȈȧ ȕȈȌȗȐșȤ
ǫȖȓȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȌȘțȋ șȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȏȈ ȞȍȗȤ Ȑ ȗȖȌ-
ȎȈȊ ȖȉțȋȓȐȊȠȐȍșȧ șȚțȗȕȐ ȏȈȒȈȟȈȓșȧ Ȑȏ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖ-
ȕț ǵȖ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȖȒ șȐȓ șȕȖȊȈ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȗȘȍȎȕȦȦ

23
ȗȖȏț Ƕȕ ȊȣȚȧȕțȓșȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ țȗȐȘȈȧșȤ ȐȏțȘȖȌȖȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ șȚțȗ-
ȕȧȔȐ Ȋ ȚȓȍȦȡȐȍ țȋȖȓȤȧ
dzȤȊȖȊț șȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍ ȗȖ șȍȉȍ Ƕȕ ȏȈȠȈȋȈȓ ȖȚ ȗȍȡȍȘȣ Ȑș-
ȗȣȚȣȊȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȒȘțȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ șȐȓȤȕțȦ ȚȖȠȕȖȚț ǶșȊȍȡȍȕȕȖȍ
ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ ȐșȟȍȏȓȖ ȏȈ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȖȔ ǷȖșȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȏȊț-
ȒȐ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȗȈȌȈȦȡȍȑ ȊȕȐȏ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ƕȕ ȠȈȋȕțȓ ȍȡȍ Ȑ ȊȏȌȘȖȋ-
ȕțȓ ǪȣȚȧȕțȚȈȧ ȕȖȋȈ ȕȍ ȕȈȡțȗȈȓȈ ȚȊȍȘȌȖȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ
ǪșȗȣȝȕțȊȠȈȧ șȗȐȟȒȈ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȓȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ ȔȘȈȒ ǸțȒȈ
ȌȍȘȎȈȊȠȈȧ ȍȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȈ
ǩȣȓȖ ȧșȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȈ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȌȊțȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ
Ƕȕ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȍ ș ȉȖȒȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȊȖȏȊȣ-
ȠȈȓȐșȤ șȚȍȕȣ Ȉ Ȗȉȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȖȉȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȉȍȏȌȕț ȕȍȐȏȊȍ-
șȚȕȖȑ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ǰȏ ȉȍȏȌȕȣ Ȍțȓ șȣȘȖȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ
Ǫ ȔȖȏȋț dzȤȊȖȊȈ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȐ ȖȉȘȣȊȒȐ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȑ Ǩ
ȊȌȘțȋ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ" ǺȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȕȍȞ ǵȖ Ȋ ȚȈȒȐȝ șȓțȟȈȧȝ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ
— ȕȍ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȚȤ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȕȐȑ Ƕȕ ȊȣȚȧȕțȓ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȗȘȣȋȕțȓ Ȋ
ȝȖȓȖȌȕțȦ ȗțșȚȖȚț
Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȍȓ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȌȊțȝ ȈȘȠȐȕ ǷȘȐȌȊȐȕțȊȠȍȍșȧ ȌȕȖ
țȌȈȘȐȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔț Țȍȓț Ƕȕ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȗȓȈȠȔȧ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȒȈȒ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ ȓȐȗȒȐȍ șȊȍȚȧȡȐȍșȧ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȖȡțȗȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ șȘȈ-
ȏț ȗȖ ȊșȍȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧȔ
ǹȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȣ ǸȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ Ȑ șȗȐȟȒȐ Ȑș-
ȟȍȏȓȐ ǵȖ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȈ ȊȌȘțȋ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ ȚȖȎȍ ȊȣȚȍșȕȍȕȕȈȧ șȊȍȚȖȔ,
ȓȐȊȠȐȔșȧ Ȑȏ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȖȋȖ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȈ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ șȚȖȧȓ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȔțșȒțȓȐșȚȣȑ ȔȖȕ-
ȋȖȓ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȤ ȗȘȐȠȍȓȤȞȈ ȖșȚȘȐȍ ȒȘȐȊȖȋȖ ȔȍȟȈ;
șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȋȘȐȔȈșȕȐȟȈȧ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȈȓșȧ ȉȓȐȎȍ dzȤȊȖȊ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ
ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ Ȕȍȟ ȓȍȎȈȊȠȐȑ ț ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋ Ƕȕ ȕȈ-
ȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȓȖȊȒȖ ȖȚȉȐȓ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț țȌȈȘ ȕȈȗȈ-
ȌȈȊȠȍȋȖ
ǼȍȝȚȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȘȈȏȋȖȘȈȓȖșȤ dzȤȊȖȊ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȓ Ȋ ȕȈșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ
ȊȖșȒȘȍȠȈȧ Ȋ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ țȘȖȒȐ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȦȕȒȍȘșȒȖȔ țȟȐ-
ȓȐȡȍ ǴȘȈȒ Ǵȍȟ ș șȐȓȖȑ ȊȣȘȊȈȓȖ Ȑȏ ȖșȓȈȉȍȊȠȐȝ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȊ
ǿȤȐ-ȚȖ ȘțȒȐ ȗȖȌȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖȕȍșȓȐ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ǯȈȚȍȔ
ȉȘȖșȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȑ șȎȈȓȐ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȓȐȠȐȊ ȊȖȏȔȖȎ-
ȕȖșȚȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ

24
ǵȍȓȤȏȧ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȏȈ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ dzȤȊȖȊ ȗȍȘȍȎȐ-
ȊȈȓ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȍ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȧ ǹ ȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȗȕ șȘȈȏț ȌȖȋȈ-
ȌȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ©ȌȍȚȐ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȌȘȈȒȖȕȈ» ȕȈȗȖȌȖȉȐȍ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑ-
șȒȐȝ ȔȈșȖȕȖȊ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓȐ ȌȖșȚȖȐȕ ȓȐ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȗȖșȚțȗȈȦ-
ȡȐȑ șȌȍȓȈȚȤșȧ ȟȓȍȕȖȔ ȚȈȑȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ Ǫșȍ șȓțȟȐȊȠȍȍșȧ
ș ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈ ȊșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȍȓȤȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖ ȍȔț ȗȖ ȒȕȐȋȈȔ ǵȖ ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȟȚȖ șȚȖȐȚ
ȖȒȈȧȕȕȣȔ ȈȏȐȈȚȈȔ Ȑ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȗȘȐȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ" ǰ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȖ ȊȊȧȏȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȥȚț ȋȘȧȏ-
ȕțȦ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ
ǭȋȖ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȧ ȖȚȕȦȌȤ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȍȧȓȐșȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ
șȊȍȚ ȉȓȍșȕțȓ șȕȖȊȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȖ ȗȘȐȋȊȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ Ȓ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȍ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȈȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ șȊȖȌ ȏȈȒȖȗȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȍȡȍȘȣ
ȌȊȍ șȊȐȘȍȗȣȍ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȍ ȜȐȏȐȖȕȖȔȐȐ șȒȓȖȕȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ,
Ȑ ȖȚȚȖȟȍȕȕȖȍ ȓȍȏȊȐȍ ȕȖȎȈ ȏȈȕȍșȍȕȕȖȍ ȒȖșȚȓȧȊȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ț
șȈȔȖȋȖ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȘȓȈ
ǪȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȏȈȗȖȓȕȐȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȔȖȕȖȚȖȕȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȏȊțȟȈȊ-
ȠȐȑ Ȋ ȉȓȐȏȒȖȔ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ǿȚȍȕȐȍ — șțȌȧ ȗȖ ȊȣȟțȘȕȖȔț
șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȔț șȓȖȋț ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȚȍȕȐȍ — ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍ-
șȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ Ƕȕ țșȓȣȠȈȓ
«ǰ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȊȠȍȔț Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȗȖșȓȣ ȔȖȋțȟȍȋȖ
ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ ǴȐȐ “ǻȑȌȐ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȈ șȗȧȡȍȋȖ ǬȘȈ-
ȒȖȕȈ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȈ Ȍȓȧ ȓȦȌȍȑ ș ȉȍȓȖȑ ȒȖȎȍȑ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȌțȠȖȑ
Ǻȣ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ ȕȈȔ ȚȖ ȖȚ ȟȍȋȖ șȓȈȌȒȖ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ Țȍȓț ȔțȌȘȖȋȖ
Ȑ ȋȓțȗȞȈ Ȑ ȔȣșȓȐ țȕȖșȧȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȉȍșȕȣȍ șȚȘȈȕȣ. ǻȊȍȏȐ ȥȚț
ȊȍȡȤ — ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖ-
ȏȖȘ Ȑ șȓȈȉȖșȚȤ ȗȘȐȕȍșȍȚ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȠȍȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ” ǵȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȌȎȖȕȒȐ ȕȍ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȓșȧ ȔțȌȘȖȑ ȗȘȖșȤȉȣ
Ƕȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ “ǫȘțȏ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ ȚȧȎȍȓ Ȑ ȕțȎȌȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ
ȊȣȋȘțȏȒȍ Ǫșȍ ȔȖȐ șȉȍȘȍȎȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȚȘȈȟȍȕȣ ȕȈ ȗȖȒțȗȒț ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȋȘțȏȈ ǷȖȏȊȖȓȤ Ȗ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ ȖȉȔȍȕȧȚȤ ȔȖȑ ȖȗȐțȔ ȕȈ ȓȍȋ-
ȒȐȍ ȠȍȓȒȈ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȍ șȓȐȚȒȐ ȚȊȖȐȝ ȗȖȌȌȈȕȕȣȝ”
ǰ ȘȈȏȋȕȍȊȈȓșȧ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȔȖȋ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ Ȋ ȉț-
ȌțȡȍȔ ǰ ȗȖșȓȈȓ ȊȖȐȕȖȊ ȗȘȖȋȕȈȚȤ Ȋ ȏȍȓȍȕțȦ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖșȚȤ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ — ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȌȎȖȕȒȐ — ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ țȒȈȏȈȊȠȍ-
ȋȖ ȌȖȘȖȋț ȚȣșȧȟȈȔ ȗȘȐȠȍȌȠȐȝ ȗȖȚȖȔ ǰ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȖȚȖ-
ȗȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ șȓȈȌȒțȦ ȖȚȘȈȊț

25
ǰ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ — șȊȐȘȍȗȣȑ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȌȤȧȊȖȓ DzȈ-ȗȐ-
ȚȈȕ dzȈȑȖȕ ȕȍ ȐșȗțȋȈȓșȧ ȋȕȍȊȈ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ ǷȘȐȕȍșȓȐ ȍȋȖ
ȘȈȉȣ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȚȘțȉȣ ȊȣȉȘȈșȣȊȈȊȠȐȍ ȖȋȖȕȤ Ȑ ȎȍȓȍȏȖ Ȑ Ȑș-
ȚȘȍȉȐȓȐ șȓțȋ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ ǶȉȔȍȕȧȓ ȗȘȐȠȍȓȍȞ șȊȖȐ ȚȖȊȈȘȣ ȕȈ
ȔȧȋȒȐȑ ȠȍȓȒ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȍ șȍȘȍȉȘȖ ǰ țȠȍȓ Ȋ ȖȒȍȈȕ — Ȋ ȉȍșȒȖ-
ȕȍȟȕțȦ ȏȍȓȍȕțȦ ȉȍȏȌȕț — ȗȍȘȊȣȑ Ȑȏ Țȣșȧȟ ȗȘȐȠȍȌȠȐȝ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔǷȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȌȕȐ ǷȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȋȖȌȈ ǷȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ șȚȖȓȍȚȐȧ
ǾȐȕ șȔȍȕȐȓ ǴȐȧ ǾȐȕȈ șȔȍȕȐȓ ȊȖșșȚȈȊȠȐȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ ǵȖ
ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȈ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȖȊ ǶȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȈ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȉȓȐȏȖȒ ȟȈș ȐȏȉȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ǮȍȓȚȣȑ ȌȘȈȒȖȕ — Ȋȍ-
ȓȐȒȖȍ șȊȍȚȐȓȖ Ȍȕȧ — ȊȏȐȘȈȍȚ ȍȡȍ ȕȈ ȘȈȉșȚȊȖ șȊȖȐȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ
ǵȖ ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ǬȘȈȒȖȕ — ȕȖȟȤ — țȎȍ ȖȚȒȈȘȔȓȐȊȈȍȚ ȗȖȌ șȊȖȐȔ
ȒȘȣȓȖȔ Țȍȝ șȔȍȓȣȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȖȋȖȕȧȚ ȗȖȘȈȉȖȚȐȚȍȓȍȑ DzȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȖȋȖȕȧȚ!»
ǫȖȓȖș țȔȖȓȒ ǷȖșȓȣȠȈȓȖșȤ ȠțȘȠȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȊȠȐȝ-
șȧ ȠȈȋȖȊ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȕȈȌ șȈȔȣȔ țȝȖȔ dzȤȊȖȊȈ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȋȖ-
ȓȖș
— ǷȘȐȠȍȓȍȞ Țȣ, ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȕȣȑ ȊȐȌȖȔ șȔȍȘȚȐ șȚȘȈȝȖȔ
ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȐ șȐȓȖȑ ȔȍȟȈ ǽȖȟȍȠȤ ȓȐ Țȣ ȊșȚțȗȐȚȤ Ȋ ȘȧȌȣ Ȍȍ-
Țȍȑ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ" DzȓȧȕȍȠȤșȧ ȓȐ ȉȖȘȖȚȤșȧ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȚȊȖȐȝ
ȉȘȈȚȤȍȊ-ȉȍȓȣȝ Ȑ ȔșȚȐȚȤ ȗȖȚȖȔȒȈȔ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȈȉȖȚȐȚȍȓȧ —
DzȈ-ȗȐ-ȚȈȕȈ dzȈȑȖȕȈ" ǶșȖȉȖȑ ȗȘȐȔȍȚȖȑ ȖȚȔȍȟȍȕ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ Ȑȏ
ȕȐȝ DzȓȧȕȐșȤ Ȑ ȌȈ ȖȔȖȍȚ ȒȘȖȊȤ țșȚȈ ȏȈȋȘȧȏȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȓȖȎȤȦ
DzȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ șțȌȖȘȖȋȈ șȌȈȊȐȓȈ ȋȖȘȓȖ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȍȘȚȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȗȖ-
ȓț ǭȋȖ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȑ ȌȍȚșȒȐȑ țȎȈș ǬȊȈ ȘȈȏȈ Ȗȕ ȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȊȈȓ ȘȖȚ Ȑ ȘȖȚ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȓșȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȧ ȕȐ ȏȊțȒȈ ǩȓȍ-
șȚȧȡȍȍ ȓȍȏȊȐȍ ȕȖȎȈ ȌȘȖȋȕțȓȖ Ȋ șȎȐȔȈȊȠȍȑ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒȍ ǹȖȉ-
ȘȈȊ ȊșȦ șȐȓț ȊȖȓȐ dzȤȊȖȊ ȗȘȖȝȘȐȗȍȓ
«DzȓȧȕțșȤ!»
 ǬȘȈȒȖȕ ȘȈȏȍȊȈȍȚ ȗȈșȚȤ
Ǫ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȔ.
ǷȖȌȈȊȐȊ ȌȘȖȎȤ ȕȍȘȊȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ Ȗȕ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ
ǹȚȖȧȊȠȐȑ șȏȈȌȐ ȕȈȒȐȕțȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȔȧȋȒȐȑ ȠȍȓȒ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ

26
ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ
ǩȖȓȤȠȖȑ șȊȖȌȟȈȚȖȑ ȗȍȡȍȘȍ ș ȗȖȚȖȓȒȖȔ Ȑ șȚȍȕȈȔȐ Ȑȏ Ȏȍȓ-
ȚȖȋȖ ȓȍșșȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȌȈȕȈ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȈȧ ȟȍȚȣ-
ȘȍȝțȋȖȓȤȕȈȧ ȜȖȘȔȈ ǶȚ ȕȈȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț ȏȈȚȧȕțȚȣȝ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ șȚȍȕ
ȠȓȐ Ȓ ȞȍȕȚȘț ȋȌȍ șȚȖȧȓ ȗȓȍȚȍȕȣȑ ȎȍȓȚȣȑ șȚȖȓ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤ-
ȕȣȍ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝțȋȖȓȤȕȐȒȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ ȘȧȌȖȊ ǹȐȌȍȊȠȐȍ ȕȈ
ȗȖȓț ȖȉȝȊȈȚȐȊ ȕȖȋȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȎȈȊ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȓ ȗȖȌȉȖȘȖȌ-
Ȓț Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȌȍȚȣ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȝȈȓȈȚȣ ȖșȖ-
ȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȟȍȘȒȐȊȈȊȠȐȍ ȔȍȘȚȊțȦ ȎȍȓȚȐȏȕț ȓȐȞ ǯȈ șȚȖȓȖȔ
ȗȖșȘȍȌȐȕȍ șȐȌȍȓ ȊȣșȖȝȠȐȑ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȐșȚȣȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ ǵȈ șȗȐ-
ȕȍ Ȑ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ȍȋȖ ȎȍȓȚȖȑ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ ȉȣȓȐ șȌȍȓȈȕȣ ȐȏȖȉȘȈ-
ȎȍȕȐȧ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȌȘȈȒȖȕȈ Ƕȕ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ Ȓ dzȤȊȖȊț ȗȘȖȘȍȏȣ
ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȝ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȊȈȚȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ
— ǷȘȖșȚȐȚ ȓȐ ȕȈȔ șțȘȖȊȣȑ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȉȘȈȚ țșȚȘȖȍȕȕȖȍ
ȍȔț ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȐȍ" ǴȕȖȋȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȖȉȘȧȌȣ țșȚȈȘȍȓȐ ȕȖ ȖȕȖ ȐȔȍȍȚ
ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȑ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȑ șȔȣșȓ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋȣ ȞȍȓȐȒȖȔ ȗȘȐȕȈȌ-
ȓȍȎȐȚȍ ȕȈȠȍȔț ȖȉȡȍșȚȊț ǷȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊțȍȔ ȊȈș ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ǿȍȘ-
ȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȖȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȚȖȟȕȖ șȖȉȐȘȈȧșȤ ș ȔȣșȓȧȔȐ Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ dzȤȊȖȊ țșȗȍȓ ȖȗțșȚȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȔ ȘȧȌț țȒȈ-
ȏȈȕȕȖȍ ȍȔț ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȔ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȊȠȐȔ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȖșȚȤ
ȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȐȑȔȍȑșȚȍȘȈ ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ șȕȖȊȈ
— DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȣȑ ȉȘȈȚ Ȕȣ Ȑ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ Ȗ ȊȈș
ȗȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȔ dzȐ-ǽțȍȕ-ǿȍȕȋȈ ǭȋȖ ȘȍȒȖȔȍȕȌȈȞȐȧ — ȗȘȍȌșȍ-
ȌȈȚȍȓȤ Ȋȏȧȓ șȖ șȚȖȓȈ ȗȍȘȋȈȔȍȕȚ ȐșȟȍȏȕțȊȠȐȑ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ
dzȤȊȖȊȈ — ȍȋȖ ȘȍȒȖȔȍȕȌȈȞȐȧ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȍȚ ȊȈȔ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȈȊȈ Ȑ Ȗȉȧ-
ȏȈȕȕȖșȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȗȕ ȐȔȍȓ Ȋ ǶȉȡȍșȚȊȍ ǵȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȥȚȐȔ Ȋȣ
ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȓ
Ȍȍȓț
Ǫ ȏȈȌȕȍȔ ȘȧȌț ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȚȖȓșȚȣȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ
— ǪȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȉȘȈȚȤȧ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȊȠȐȑ ȊȖȏȓȖȎȍȕȕȖȍ
ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȐȍ ȀȈȕȋ ȝȖȟȍȚ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȍ
ȀȈȕȋ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǩȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȣȍ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȣȍ Ȑ ȏȖȘȒȐȍ ȌȍȚȐ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ
ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ Ǵȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȖ ȊȣȧșȕȐȚȤ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȣ ȓȐ șȓț-
ȝȐ ȗȘȐȕȍșȍȕȕȣȍ Ȇ-ǨȖ-ǾȧȕȖȔ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȓȐ ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ
ȚȈȑȕȣȑ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘ ȔȍȎȌț șȍȊȍȘȕȣȔ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ ǿȎȈȕ-
ǾȏȖ-dzȐȕȈ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȝ ȌȍȘȎȈȊ ǺȈȒȖȑ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘ

27
ȍșȚȤ, ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȗȐșȈȕ ǿȎȈȕ-ǾȏȖ-dzȐȕȖȔ ș ȖȌȕȖȑ
șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȑ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȔ ȗȖșȓȖȔ — ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ Ƕȕ ȌȈȍȚ Ȗȋ-
ȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȈ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ Ȋ țȡȍȘȉ ȇȗȖȕȐȐ — ȝȖȏȧȑȒȍ
ǿȎȈȕ-ǾȏȖ-dzȐȕȈ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ șȚȘȈȕȈȔ
ǪȊȐȌț ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȊȈȎȕȖșȚȤ,
ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ șȍȊȍȘȈ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȧȓ Ȍȓȧ ȍȋȖ șȖȝȘȈȕȍȕȐȧ ȖșȖȉȣȍ
ȔȍȘȣ DzȐȚȈȑșȒȐȑ ȗȖȌȗȐșȈȕȕȣȑ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘ ȝȘȈȕȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȔȖ-
ȕȈșȚȣȘȍ «ǩȈȖ-Ǭțȕ» Ȋ ȞȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȔ ǺȐȉȍȚȍ ǺȖȟȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȍȋȖ
ȝȘȈȕȍȕȐȧ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȕȐȒȖȔț
ǷȘȐ ȖȉȡȍȔ ȖȌȖȉȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȗȖȡȍȓȒȐȊȈȕȐȐ ȌȖȒȓȈȌȟȐȒ
șȍȓ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȖ
ǯȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ șȐȌȧȡȐȑ ț șȚȖȓȈ
— ǰȚȈȒ ȊȣșȖȒȐȍ ȉȘȈȚȤȧ ȕȈȠȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȖȗȘȈȊ-
ȌȈȓȖșȤ ǭșȚȤ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ ȖȋȓȈȠȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȓȍȟȍȚ ȏȈ șȖ-
ȉȖȑ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȣșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȖȉȖȑȌȍȕȕȣȝ ȌȍȘȎȈȊ Ȑ ȗȈȌȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȗȖȌȗȐșȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț șȍȑȟȈș țȓȣȉȈȍȚ-
șȧ țȌȈȟȈ ȅȚȖȚ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ ȌȈșȚ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ȐȔȍȦȡȍȔț ȍȋȖ
ȕȈ ȘțȒȈȝ
ǪȓȈȌȍȧ ȐȔ Ȕȣ șȌȍȓȈȍȔșȧ ȝȖȏȧȍȊȈȔȐ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȈ ǿȎȈȕ-
ǾȏȖ-dzȐȕȈ ȅȚȖ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ. ǵȈȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȗȘȖȟȕȖ ȗȍȒȐȕ-
șȒȖȍ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ǻ-Ƿȍȑ-Ǽț Ȋ ȟȤȐ ȘțȒȐ șȒȖȘȖ ȗȍȘȍȑȌȍȚ
ȊȓȈșȚȤ Ǵȣ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐ ȌȘțȎȍșȒțȦ șȊȧȏȤ ș ȦȎȕȣȔȐ ȘȍȊȖ-
ȓȦȞȐȖȕȍȘȈȔȐ — șȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȒȈȔȐ ǹțȕȤ-ȇȚ-ǹȍȕȈ. ǵȈȔ ȕțȎȕȖ
șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȠȈȋ
ǷȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘȈ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ ǿȎȈȕ-ǾȏȖ-dzȐȕ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȐ-
ȕțȎȌȍȕ ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ǿȍȘȕȖȔț ǬȘȈȒȖȕț ǻȎȍ ȕȈȏȘȍȓȐ ȏȓȖ-
ȉȈ Ȑ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤ ǬȣȔȐȚșȧ Ȑ ȋȖȚȖȊȖ ȊșȗȣȝȕțȚȤ ȐșșțȠȍȕȕȖȍ
ȓȐȞȖ «ȏȍȓȍȕȍȦȡȍȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ» ǩȓȐȏȖȒ ȌȍȕȤ — ȖȕȖ ȊșȗȣȝȕȍȚ
ȐșȗȍȗȍȓȐȚ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȖȗȐȘȈȦȡȐȝ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȖȠȊȈȔȐ ȕȖȋ 
Ǵȣ ȗȖȓțȟȐȔ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ Ȕȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ǵȖ
ȒȈȒ ǷȘȖȕȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȉȘȈȚȤȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȕțȓȈșȤ ȓȐ ț ȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ Ȑȏ ȊȈș șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ"
Ǫ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȔ ȘȧȌț ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȖȘȈȚȖȘ
— ǶȚȍȞ ȔȖȑ ǼȈ ȧ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎț șȈȔȖȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖȍ Ȑ ȓțȟȠȍȍ
ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȚȤ ǬȍȓȖ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȚȈȑȕȖ ȌȖ-
ȋȖȊȖȘ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȍȏ ȠțȔȈ ȖȟțȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȘțȒȈȝ. ǭȋȖ ȒȖȕȍȟ-
ȕȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ șȗȘȧȚȈȓȐ Ȋ ȕȍȗȘȐșȚțȗȕȖȔ ȝȘȈȔȍ ȓȈȔ ǯȌȍșȤ ȕțȎ-
ȕȈ ȝȐȚȘȖșȚȤ ǴȍȎȌț ȕȈȔȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȉȘȈȚ ȘțșșȒȐȑ

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ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȍȘ dzȐ-ǪȖ Ƕȕ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȘȐȊȣȒ Ȓ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȌȍȓȈȔ.
ǵȍ șȒȈȎȍȚ ȓȐ Ȗȕ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȊȍșȒȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȊȖȗȘȖșț"
Ǫșȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ dzȤȊȖȊȈ Ƕȕ șȐȌȍȓ șȒȘȍșȚȐȊ Șț-
ȒȐ ș ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȣȔ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȓȐȞȈ ȒȈȒ
ȉȣ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȐ
ǷȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ ǼȈ — ȚȖȎȍ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȕțȎȕȣȔ ȊșȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȊȖȍ șȓȖ-
ȊȖ
— ǩȘȈȚ ȔȖȑ dzȐ-ǪȖ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȠȤ ȕȈ șȓȖȊȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȊ-
ȠȍȋȖ șȍȑȟȈș" ǶȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȓȐ ȚȊȖȧ ȔȣșȓȤ ȊȈȎȕȖșȚȤ ȚȖȋȖ Ȗ ȟȍȔ
ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȌȍȚȐ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ" ǵȍ ȊȕțȠȐȓ ȓȐ Țȍȉȍ Ȍțȝ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ
șȗȈșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȐșȝȖȌȈ"
dzȤȊȖȊ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȊșȚȈȓ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ
— ǹȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ȌȍȚȐ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ Ǫȣ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȐ —
ȧ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȦ. ǺȘțȌȕȈ ȏȈȌȈȟȈ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈȔȐ ǵȖ ȍȡȍ
ȉȖȓȍȍ ȚȘțȌȕȣȍ ȊȍȡȐ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȈȚȤ ȕȈȔ ȘțșșȒȐȔ
ȉȖȘȞȈȔ ȏȈ șȊȖȉȖȌț ǹȓțȠȈȑȚȍ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȖȚ ȔȍșȚȈ ȋȌȍ șȗȘȧȚȈȕȈ ȉțȔȈȋȈ ȚȘțȌȕȖ Șȍ-
ȠȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ǵțȎȕȖ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȚȤ ȚțȌȈ ǵȈȑȚȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȚȈȑȕȐȒ ǪȣȊȍȌȈȚȤ ț ȕȍȋȖ șȍȒȘȍȚ ǰ ȗȖȚȖȔ țȎȍ
ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ǪȖȚ ȓțȟȠȍȍ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȚȤ ȇ șȒȈȏȈȓ
ǷȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ Ȑ Ȋșȍ șȖȉȘȈȚȤȧ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȒȐȊȈȓȐ
ǰȔ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȓȖșȤ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ
ǼȈ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȊȠȐșȤ ș șȐȌȍȕȤȧ
— ǫȓțȉȖȒȖȔȣșȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȉȘȈȚȤȧ Ȕȣ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ
dzȐ-ǪȖ ǭȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȓȖșȤ ȊȈȔ ǹȓțȠȈȑȚȍ Țȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ǬȘȈȒȖȕ
«ǺȘȐȎȌȣ ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ șȣȕ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ dzȐ-ǪȖ ȉțȌȍȚ
ȘțȒȖȊȖȌȐȚȤ ȗȖȝȐȡȍȕȐȍȔ Ƕȕ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚșȧ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ǰȕșȚȘțȒ-
ȞȐȐ Ȗȕ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚ Ȋ ȖșȖȉȖȑ ȚȈȑȕȖȑ ȉȍșȍȌȍ Ǫ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȐ ȍȔț
Ȕȣ ȌȈȌȐȔ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȣȝ ȉȘȈȚȤȍȊ ȀȈȕȋȈ Ȇ-ǨȖ-ǾȧȕȈ ǾȐ-ǴȖ Ȑ
Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋȈ ǶȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȗȈȌȈȍȚ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȖ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȧ-
ȚȍȘȣȝ».
ǷȖȔȕȐȚȍ ȉȘȈȚȤȧ ȕȍțȌȈȟȐ ȏȌȍșȤ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ǫșȍ Ȋȣ
ȊȐȌȍȓȐ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȓ ǬȘȈȒȖȕ ȉȘȈȚȈ DzȊȈȕȋȈ ȌȖȎȐ-
ȊȈȦȡȍȋȖ Ȋ ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȗȍȡȍȘȍ șȊȖȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ǺȈȒȖȍ
Ȏȍ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ — ǼȈ ȗȖȖȟȍȘȍȌȕȖ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȏȘȈȟȒȐ
ȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ Ȑȏ ȗȧȚȍȘȣȝ ȊȣȉȘȈȕȕȣȝ — ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖșȚȐȋȕțȚȤ Ȋșȍȝ
ȊȈș ǷȖȔȕȐȚȍ ȥȚȖ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȧ ȊȖȏȓȖȎȍȕȕȖȍ ȕȈ ȊȈș ȌȍȓȖ

Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȍȚȐ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȍȔ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȋȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈ-
ȡȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȠȐȔ șȐȓȤȕȣȔ ȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ țȌȈȟȓȐȊȣȔ ȉȘȈ-
ȚȤȧȔ
ǼȈ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ șȚțȓ ǹȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ ȗȍȘȍȠȓȖ Ȓ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȕȣȔ
ȌȍȓȈȔ

31
ȌȈȕșȒȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȉȖȘȖȌȒȖȑ ȖȚȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ șȔȖȚ-
ȘȐȚ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ș ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȣȔ ȏȓȣȔ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ǵȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ Ȋȣ-
șȚțȗȈȍȚ ȉȘȖȕȏȖȊȖȍ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȑȏ ȒȈȔȕȧ ȊȣȘțȉȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ șȗțȚȕȐȒȖȊ ǩȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍ-
ȕȐȍ șȒȘȍȡȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ș ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȈ Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Ȗȗțș-
ȒȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȓ
ǺȈȒ ȕȈȟȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȖșȤ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ȗȧȚȐ ȗȖș-
ȓȈȕȞȍȊ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ ǻ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ șȒȘȣȚ Ȋ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȔ ȘțȒȈȊȍ
ȝȈȓȈȚȈ șȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȓȐșȚ ȘȐșȖȊȖȑ ȉțȔȈȋȐ — ȊȈȎȕȈȧ ȐȕșȚ-
ȘțȒȞȐȧ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȊȘțȟȍȕȕȈȧ ȍȔț șȈȔȐȔ ǼȈ Ǩ
ȐȕșȚȘțȒȞȐȧ — ȊȍȘȕȣȑ șȗȖșȖȉ ȌȖȉȣȚȤ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ șȗȘȧȚȈȕȕȣȑ
Ȋ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȍ ǰȕșȚȘțȒȞȐȧ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȚȤ ȘȈș-
ȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȈȔȣȔ ǽȈȕȤ-DzȖț ǬȖșȚȈȕțȚ ȓȐ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ
ȗȧȚȤ ȗȖșȓȈȕȞȍȊ? ǴȖȎȕȖ ȓȐ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȚȤșȧ ȍșȓȐ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ Ȑȏ
ȗȧȚȐ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȎȌȍȚ ȍȋȖ Ȋ șȓțȟȈȍ
ȕȍțȌȈȟȐ
ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ — ȚȖȓșȚȣȑ ȕȐȏȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȀȈȕȋ
ș ȗȓȖșȒȐȔ ȗȘȐȗțȝȓȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȖȚȒȐȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȒț șȐȌȍ-
ȕȤȧ Ȑ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȚ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȜȘȈȏȣ
ǬȊȖȍ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓțȠȈȦȚ ȥȚȖȚ țȘȖȒ ȚȐȉȍȚșȒȖȋȖ
ȕȈȘȍȟȐȧ Ǿȍȓȣȝ ȌȊȍ ȓțȕȣ ȗȘȖȌȓȐȚșȧ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ — ȏȈ ȥȚȖ
ȊȘȍȔȧ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȒȖȍ-ȒȈȒ ȕȈțȟȐȚȤșȧ ȧȏȣȒț ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋ
— ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȉȘȖȕ-
ȏȖȊȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ — ȕȍ șȓțȠȈȍȚ Ȑȝ Ƕȕ șȈȔ Ȑȏ ǺȐȉȍȚȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȉȖȘȖȌȒȖȑ — dzȤȊȖȊ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȍȚ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ
ȕȈ șȒțȟȕȖȍ ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȕȐȍ ȐșȗȣȚțȦȡȐȍ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȍ ȏȘȈȟȒȐ Ǩȉț-
ǹȐȕȋȈ — ȊȖȚ ȚȖ ȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȗ ȟȍȔ Ȗȕ ȖșțȎȌȍȕ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȊȈȧ
ȅȚȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ țȚȘȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ Ȋ
ȗȍȡȍȘȍ «ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ» Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋ — «șȚȈȘȠȐȑ ȉȘȈȚ»
dzȤȊȖȊȈ — ȍȔț ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȖ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȚȤ ȕȖȊȖȔț ȟȓȍȕț ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ȕȈ
ȍȋȖ ȚȘțȌȕȖȔ ȗțȚȐ ǹȐȕȋ ȖȉțȟȈȍȚ dzȤȊȖȊȈ țșȓȖȊȕȣȔ ȏȕȈȒȈȔ
ȕȍșȓȖȎȕȖȔț ȧȏȣȒț ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȔț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȓȍȕȈȔ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ Ȑș-
ȒțșșȚȊț ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȕȖșȐȚȤ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȑ ȒȖșȚȦȔ ǵȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț
Ȏȍ Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋ ȕȍ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȧȍȚșȧ ȥȚȐȔȐ țȘȖȒȈȔȐ? Ƕȕ ȒȈȒ-
ȚȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț țȟȍȕȐ-
Ȓț șȓȐȠȒȖȔ șȚȈȘȈȍȚșȧ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȚȤ Ȋ șȈȔțȦ ȍȋȖ ȌțȠț
ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȕȖȟȍȊȒȐ Ȋ ȊȈȋȖȕȍ ȗȘȖșȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȒȈȒ-
ȉȣ ȖȚ ȚȖȓȟȒȈ dzȤȊȖȊ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȋȖȓȖȊțȦ ȒȖȘȍȕȈșȚțȦ ȜȐ-

32
ȋțȘț ȒȈȒ ȕȐ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȉȣȊȈȓȖ țȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȊȠțȦșȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖ-
ȗȖȓȖȎȕțȦ șȒȈȔȤȦ ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȖ-
ȊȐȚȤ ȐșȚȐȕȕțȦ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȤ dzȤȊȖȊȈ ȗȖ ȕȍșȊȧȏȕȖȔț ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈ-
ȕȐȦ șȗȧȡȍȋȖ? ǯȈȟȍȔ"
ǷȖȍȏȌ ȕȍșșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȋȖȘȕȣȍ ȘȈșșȍȓȐȕȣ ǫȖȘȉȈȚȣȍ
ȔȖșȚȣ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȍ ȗȖȓȧ ȘȈȏȋȖȘȖȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȒȊȈȌ-
ȘȈȚȣ… dzȤȊȖȊ ș ȖȚȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍȔ ȏȈȒțșȣȊȈȓ ȕȈ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȝ șȚȈȕȞȐȧȝ,
șȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȗȖ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȊȠȍȔț ȗȖȓț ȊȈȋȖȕȖȊ ȔȍȎ-
Ȍț ȌȘȍȔȓȦȡȐȔȐ ȐȓȐ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȉȍșȍȌțȦȡȐȔȐ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȐȒȈȔȐ-ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈȔȐ ǹ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȔ șȖȌȘȖȋȈȕȐȍȔ șȕȖȊȈ ȊȖȏ-
ȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȓ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ
ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȊȠȐȍ ȍȋȖ șȊȧȏȈȚȤșȧ șȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȥȚȖȑ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȍȑ Ȑ
ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȖ ȗȘȖșȐȌȍȊ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȗȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈȔȐ ǹȐȕȋȈ șȕȖȊȈ Ƞȍȓ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕțȦ ȗȘȖȋțȓ-
Ȓț — ȗȖ ȋȘȍȔȧȡȐȔ ȉȍȋțȡȐȔ ȊȌȈȓȤ ȊȈȋȖȕȈȔ
Ǫ țȏȒȖȔ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȍ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȒȘȈȑȕȐȝ Ȓțȗȍ șȚȖȧȓ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ
ȖȌȍȚȣȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ Ƕȕ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȐȊȈȓ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȕȈ ȊȍșȤ ȊȈ-
ȋȖȕ ǭȋȖ șȓțȠȈȚȍȓȐ ȖȌȖȉȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȐȊȈȓȐ ȋȖȓȣȔȐ ȔȈȒțȠ-
ȒȈȔȐ ȊȣȉȘȐȚȣȝ ȋȖȓȖȊ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȊȖȍ — ș ȡȍȚȐȕȐșȚȣȔȐ ȋȖȓȖ-
ȊȈȔȐ Ȑ ȔțșȒțȓȐșȚȣȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȠȍȧȔȐ Ȋ șȐȕȐȝ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȝ
ȉȈȓȈȝȖȕȈȝ Ȑ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȝ ȠȚȈȕȈȝ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȐ țȟȈșȚȐȧ Ȋ Ȗȉ-
ȡȍȔ ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȐȐ ǶȘȈȚȖȘ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǰȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȌțȠȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȗȖȘȈ ȐȏȋȕȈȚȤ Ȑȏ DzȐȚȈȧ ǷȖ-
ȌțȔȈȑȚȍ Ȗ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ǪșȍȔ ȕȈȔ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȔ ȒȖȔȔȍȘ-
șȈȕȚȈȔ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȉȣȚȤ Ȑȝ ȗȖȌȘțȟȕȣȔȐ ȐȓȐ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȚȤ
șȊȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ DzȚȖ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕ ȖȚ ȚȖȋȖ ȕȈȓȖȋȈ ȗȖȌ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤȦ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȘȣȌȈȦȚ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȍ ȒțȗȞȣ" DzȚȖ șȒțȗȈȍȚ ȏȈ ȉȍșȞȍȕȖȒ
Ȑ țȊȖȏȐȚ ȏȈ ȖȒȍȈȕ Ȋșȍ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȐ ȝȓȖȗȖȒ ȟȈȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȕȈȠȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ" DzȚȖ ȊȊȖȏȐȚ ȗȓȖȝȐȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȣ Ȑ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȊȖȏ-
ȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȕȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȟȖȝȖȊ ȌȍȠȍȊȓȍ ȏȌȍȠȕȐȝ"
ǵȈȠȐ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ ȋȖȓȖȌȈȦȚ ȕȈȠȐ ȓȈȊȒȐ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȦȚșȧ DzȚȖ
ȊȣȒȖȓȈȟȐȊȈȍȚ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȈ Ȑȏ «ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȍȕȕȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ»?
DzȚȖ ȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȥȚȐ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȍ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȣ"
ǷȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȓ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘț dzȤȊȖȊ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ț
ȏȈȚȣȓȒȈ ȟȤȍ-ȚȖ ȚȐȝȖȍ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ Ƕȕ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ ǹȏȈȌȐ — Ǩȉț-
ǹȐȕȋ ǵȈ ȍȋȖ ȚȍȔȕȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓȖ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȍ-
ȕȐȍ

33
— ǶȉȘȈȡȈȍȚȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ" — ǹȐȕȋ ȒȐȊȕțȓ ȕȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȡȍ-
ȋȖ. — ǪȖȚ ȒȚȖ ȗȘȖȗȖȊȍȌțȍȚ șȍȑȟȈș ȕȍȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖșȚȤ DzȐȚȈȧ.
ȅȚȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȖȒȘȍȗȠȍȑ ȉțȘȎțȈȏȐȐ ǭȔț ȚȍșȕȖ
ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ ȒȖȕȒțȘȍȕȚȖȔ Ǩ Țȍ ȌȊȖȍ Ȋ șȐȕȐȝ ȉȈ-
ȓȈȝȖȕȈȝ — ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ ǶȕȐ ȏȕȈȦȚ ȟȤȐȔȐ Șț-
ȒȈȔȐ ȉțȌȍȚ ȌȖȉȣȚȈ ȥȚȈ ȕȍȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖșȚȤ
ǹȐȕȋ ȗȘȐȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ șȓȍȌȧ ȏȈ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȓȐȞȈ șȖȉȍ-
șȍȌȕȐȒȈ
— ȅȚȐ ȒțȓȐ — ȗȘȖșȚȖȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ — ȚȖȎȍ șȚȘȍȔȧȚșȧ Ȓ șȊȖȉȖ-
Ȍȍ ȕȖ ȗȖȒȈ ȖȕȐ ȌțȔȈȦȚ ȟțȎȐȔȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȈȔȐ ǷȖȒȈ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊțȦȚ șȈȔȐ ȒȈȒțȦ ȊȣȋȖȌț ȌȈșȚ ȐȔ ȐȏȋȕȈȕȐȍ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȍȊ
ǶȕȐ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȚȈ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȕȣ
ȎȌȍȔ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖȝȖȎȈ ȕȈ ȊȈȠț ȜȍȊȘȈȓȤșȒțȦ Ȉ ȏȈ ȜȍȊȘȈȓȍȔ
șȓȍȌțȍȚ ǶȒȚȧȉȘȤ 
dzȤȊȖȊ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ǹȐȕȋ ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ
ȝȖȟȍȚ ȊȚȧȕțȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ Ƕȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ
ȏȌȍșȤ șȊȖȐ ȒȖȔȔțȕȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ ǵȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ
ȚȖ ȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȚ Ȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ? ǫȓȈȏȈ ǹȐȕȋȈ șȊȍȘȒȈȊȠȐȍ
ȟȍȘȕȣȔ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȍȔ ȗȖȋȈșȓȐ Ƕȕ ȎȌȈȓ Dz șȟȈșȚȤȦ ȏȈȚȘțȌȕȍ-
ȕȐȧ dzȤȊȖȊȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȚȖ-
Ȕț Ȏȍ ȒȘȈșȕȖȘȍȟȐȊȖȔț ȒțȗȞț
ǷȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȧ ȖȘȈȚȖȘșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ Ȗȕ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ
dzȤȊȖȊț Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȚȐȗȐȟȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ
Țȍȝ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȍȊ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȘȍȟȤ.
ǷȍȘȍȔȍȕȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ǶȘȈȚȖȘ șȔȖȓȒ ȕȈ ȗȖȓț-
șȓȖȊȍ ǷȖȌȖȉȖșȚȘȈșȚȕȖ șȋȖȘȉȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ȕȈ șȊȖȍ
ȔȍșȚȖ Ȓ ȖȒȕț Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȊȐȌ ȟȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȕ ȎȈȓ-
ȒȖȑ ȌȍȘȍȊțȠȒȖȑ, ȘȈȏȊȍȘȚȣȊȈȊȠȍȑșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ. ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȋ-
ȌȈ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȌȤȧȊȖȓ Ȑșȟȍȏ ȏȈ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȊȠȍȑșȧ ȌȊȍ-
ȘȤȦ șȔȍȓȣȑ ȉȖȘȍȞ ȏȈ șȊȖȉȖȌț ȘȍȠȐȓșȧ ȖȒȐȕțȚȤ ȘȖȉȒȐȔ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
ȌȖȔ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȘȐȚȐȝȠȐȝ șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒȖȊ
ǷȖȍȏȌ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓ Ȓ ǽȈȕȤ-DzȖț Ǫ Ȓțȗȍ — ȗȧȚȍȘȒȈ Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋ
ȗȓȖȚȕȖ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ ǷȧȚȤ ȉȘȐȚȣȝ ȋȖȓȖȊ ș ȎȈȌ-
ȕȣȔ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ șȒȓȖȕȐȓȐșȤ ȌȘțȋ Ȓ ȌȘțȋț ǶȌțȚȓȖȊȈȚȣȑ
ȀȈȕȋ ȐȏȊȓȍȒ Ȑȏ șȒȓȈȌȖȒ ȝȈȓȈȚȈ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȈȒȍȚ șȒȘȍȗ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȗȍȟȈȚȤȦ

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 ǾȍȕȈ șȍȒȘȍȚȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȈ
ǷȧȚȍȘȖ ȗȖșȓȈȕȞȍȊ ȗȘȖȟȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȋȘȖȝȖȚ Ȑ șȊȐșȚȒȐ ȗȘȐȉȓȐ-
ȎȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ Ȓ ǽȈȕȤ-DzȖț ȗȖȍȏȌȈ
«ǰȔȍȕȍȔ ȌȣȔȧȡȍȋȖșȧ ȓȐȞȈ ȖȗȖȏȖȘȍȕȕȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ Ȑ Ȋȍ-
ȓȐȒȖȋȖ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ ǪȖȚ șȘȍȌșȚȊȖ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȕȍȌȖ-
șȚțȗȕȣȑ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȤ ǩȈȖ-Ǭțȕ ǯȕȈȦȡȐȑ ȐșȚȐȕț ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ
ȥȚȈ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȤ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȚȈȑȕȣȝ
ȘȍȓȐȋȐȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȗȖȓȖȕ ǺȐȉȍȚ ǰȏȉȘȈȕȕȐȒȐ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ
țȏȕȈȑȚȍ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȔȍȠȕȖȋȖ ȔțȌȘȍȞț ȕȖ ȉȓȐȏȒȖȋȖ
șȍȘȌȞȈȔ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ — țȟȍȕȐȧ.
Ǫ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ — ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȕȐȋȐ ǩȈȖ-
Ǭțȕ — ȒȖȋȌȈ ǩȖȌȐșȈȚȊȈ ǩțȌȌȈ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȑ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȏȍȔ-
ȕȣȍ ȐșȒțȠȍȕȐȧ șȒȐȚȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȊȍȚȘȧȕȣȔ țȡȍȓȤȧȔ Ȑ șȕȍȋȖ-
ȊȣȔ ȋȖȘȈȔ ǺȐȉȍȚȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȕȈ ȕȖȟȓȍȋ Ȋ ȝȐȎȐȕȍ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȕȣȝ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒȖȊ ǬȖȟȤ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒȈ — ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈȧ
ǩȈȖ-Ǭțȕ ș ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ Ȕȧȋȟȍ ȠȍȓȒȈ Ȑ ȒȖȎȍȑ ȉȍȓȍȑ ȔȖȓȖȒȈ
ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȈ șȒȐȚȈȓȤȞȈ ȕȈȒȖȘȔȐȓȈ ȌȏȧȔȉȖȑ Ȑ ȉȈȘȈ-
ȕȐȕȖȑ Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȈ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȍȓȧ șȕȈ ǰ ȖȚȔȍȚȐȓ ǩȖȌȐșȈȚȊȈ
ȍȍ ȒȘȈșȖȚț Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȏȊȈȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȕȈ ȓȖȎȍ ǺȈȒ
ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧȡȐȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȍȋȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȋȘȍȝ ȏȍȔ-
ȕȖȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ ǺȈȒ șȍȔȧ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȉȖȋȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȘȖȕȍȕȖ Ȋ țȚȘȖȉȍ
ȋȘȍȠȕȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ
ǰ ȘȖȌȐȓșȧ ț ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ șȣȕ ǰ țȝȖȌȧ Ȋ ǵȐȘȊȈȕț ȖȚȒȘȣȓ
ǩțȌȌȈ ȚȘȍȔ ȓȦȉȐȔȣȔ țȟȍȕȐȒȈȔ — dzȦȦ Ǭț Ȑ Ǿȏȣ-ǹȣ ȚȈȑ-
ȕț ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ǰ Ȋȍȓȍȓ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȚȤ ȚȖȋȖ ȖȌȕȖȔț Ȑȏ ȗȖȚȖȔȒȖȊ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȐȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȚȤ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȍ ǩȍȘȍȎȕȖ ȖȝȘȈ-
ȕȧȓȐ ȚȘȐ ȓȦȉȐȔȣȝ țȟȍȕȐȒȈ șȣȕȈ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȉȖȋȈ Ȑ țȔȐȘȈȧ ȏȈ-
ȊȍȡȈȓȐ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȍȕȐȍ ȌȍȓȈ șȊȖȐȔ țȟȍȕȐȒȈȔ
ǷȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȧ șȔȍȕȐȓȐ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȧ Ǫ ȕȍȗȘȐșȚțȗȕȖȔ ȔȖȕȈ-
șȚȣȘȍ ǩȈȖ-Ǭțȕ ȊȣșȚȘȖȍȕȕȖȔ ȊȍȘțȦȡȐȔȐ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ȖȝȖȚȕȐ-
ȟȤȍȑ ȝȐȎȐȕȣ ȖȉȖȓȖȟȒȈ ȌțȠȐ ȎȐȊȖȋȖ ȉȖȋȈ șȚȈȘȐȓȈșȤ țȔȐ-
ȘȈȓȈ ȏȈȔȍȕȧȓȈșȤ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȖȉȖȓȖȟȒȖȑ ǷȖȚȖȔȒȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȗȖș-
ȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȍȑ țȟȍȕȐȧ ȏȖȘȒȖ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȓȐ ȗȖȚȖȔȒȖȊ șȈȔȖȋȖ ǩțȌ-
Ȍȣ ǶȝȘȈȕȧȓȐ ȖȚ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȉȍȌ Ȑ ȖȚ ȏȓȖȉȣ ȓȖȎȕȖȋȖ ǩțȌȌȣ
ȗȘȈȊȧȡȍȋȖ ǺȐȉȍȚȖȔ

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DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȔȍȘȚȕȈȧ ȗȓȖȚȤ ȎȐȊȖȋȖ ȉȖȋȈ ȌȖșȚȐ-
ȋȈȍȚ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖȓȍȚȐȧ ȎȘȍȞȣ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȚ ȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȗ ȗȘȖ-
ȌȖȓȎȍȕȐȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȚȖȔșȚȊȈ ǪȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȒȖȕȞȈȝ “ȞȊȍȚțȡȍȑ șȚȘȈ-
ȕȣ” ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȚșȧ ȗȖȐșȒȐ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȖȑ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȓȖȎȍ ȉȖȋȈ
ȅȚȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖȝȖȎȈ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊțȦ Ȏȍȕț ǩțȌȌȣ
— ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ș ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȠȍȓȒ Ȑ ȓȐȞȖȔ — ȉȍȓȍȍ ȔȖȓȖȒȈ
ǵȈȑȌȧ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕțȦ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȈȚȍȘȤȦ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ǩțȌȌȣ ȍȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȖȏȧȚ Ȋ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȤ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕț ȕȖȟȤ ȌȈȍȚ șȊȖȍȑ ȐȏȉȘȈȕ-
ȕȐȞȍ ǩțȌȌȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȐȕ ȘȈȏ ȉȘȖșȈȍȚ Ȋ ȕȍȍ șȍȔȧ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ Ǩ ȗȖșȓȍ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȖȉȖȓȖȟȒȐ ȘȖȌȐȊȠțȦ țȌȈȓȧȦȚ
ȚțȌȈ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȕȍȚ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȈ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕț ȐȔȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȤ
ǪȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȒȕȐȋȐ ǩȈȖ-Ǭțȕ ǬȍȚȐ ǬȘȈȒȖȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ
Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓȤȏțȧșȤ ȥȚȖȑ șȒȈȏȒȖȑ Ȕȣ șȔȖȎȍȔ ȌȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȌȖ
ȕȍȗȘȐșȚțȗȕȖȋȖ ȝȘȈȕȐȓȐȡȈ ȉțȔȈȋȐ.
ǵȈșȚțȗȐȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖȓȍȚȐȧ ȗȖȚȖȔȒȈ ǩțȌȌȣ Ǫȍ-
ȘțȦȡȍȔț Ȋ ǩȈȖ-Ǭțȕ ȟȓȍȕț ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȉȘȈȚșȚȊȈ ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȖ ȖȚȣ-
șȒȈȚȤ ȐȏȉȘȈȕȕȐȞț ȉȖȋȈ Ƕȕ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȍȚ șȊȖȐ ȗȖȓȕȖȔȖȟȐȧ ȊȈȔ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȣ ȏȕȈȒȐ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȕȖșȐȚȍȓȧ șȊȧȡȍȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈ
ǬȍȚȐ ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȐșȒȐ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ǷȍȒȐȕȍ ȕȍ ȖȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ș ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ Ȕȧȋȟȍ ȠȍȓȒȈ Ȑ ȒȖȎȍȑ ȉȍȓȍȍ ȔȖ-
ȓȖȒȈ ǶșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ “ȌȖȔȈ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȑ” Ȑ ȒțȘȐȓȤȕȐ ǽȈȕȤ-
DzȖț ǭșȓȐ ȕȍ șȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȒțȗȐȚȤ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ȕțȎȕȖ ȍȍ țȒȘȈșȚȤ
ǵȖ ȚȖȘȖȗȐȚȍșȤ ǹȘȖȒ ȐșȚȍȒȈȍȚ ǩțȔȈȋȈ șȒȘȣȚȈ Ȋ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡ-
ȕȐȞȍ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȧ ȗȖȏȈȌȐ ȏȈȓȈ “ȧȊȓȍȕȐȑ ǩțȌȌȣ”...»
ǷȖȍȏȌ ȊȓȍȚȍȓ Ȋ ȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȋȘȍȔȧȡȐȑ ȊȖȒȏȈȓ ǽȈȕȤ-DzȖț ǻ
ȠȐȘȖȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȘțȎȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȈ ȎȌȈȓȐ ȘȧȌȣ ȘȐȒȠ — ȋȖȓȣȝ
ȌȖ ȗȖȧșȈ ȊȖȓȖșȈȚȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȐȔȍȓ ȏȈ
șȗȐȕȖȑ ȊȣșȖȒțȦ ȌȊțȝȒȖȓȍșȕțȦ ȚȍȓȍȎȒț ǷȘȐȕȧȊ șȍȌȖȒȈ ȘȈȏ-
ȊȈȓȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȕȈ ȓȍȋȒȖȔ șȐȌȍȕȤȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ-ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ȗțșȒȈȓșȧ
ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȒȈȚȧ ȚȍȓȍȎȒț ȗȖ ȗȣȓȤȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ǺȈȒ ȏȈȘȈ-
ȉȈȚȣȊȈȦȚ șȊȖȍ ȗȘȖȗȐȚȈȕȐȍ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ —
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȍȑ «șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȋȖ» ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ
ǬȖ ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ șȒȘȣȚȣȍ
Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȚȖȕȣ ǽȈȕȤ-DzȖț ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȌȊȈȌ-
ȞȈȚȐ ȔȐȕțȚ ȝȖȌȤȉȣ ǷȧȚȍȘȖ șȗțȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȏȈȠȈȋȈȓȐ Ȋȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ.

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ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖșȚȐ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ
ȟȚȖ ȔȍȓȈȕȝȖȓȐȟȕȣȑ Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ ȘȧȌȖȔ șȖ dzȤȊȖȊȣȔ
ǹȕȖȊȈ dzȤȊȖȊ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȖȒ-
ȘțȎȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȣȑ șȗțȚȕȐȒ Ƕȕ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȕȈȘțȠȐȚȤ ȔȖȓ-
ȟȈȕȐȍ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȔ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡȐȔ Ȓ șȓțȟȈȦ ȘȈȏ-
ȋȖȊȖȘȖȔ
— ȅȚȈ ȐȕșȚȘțȒȞȐȧ ǼȈ — dzȤȊȖȊ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȘțȒȖȑ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȎȍșȚ, — ȚȈȔ ȍșȚȤ ȖȌȕȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȗȖ ȗȖȊȖȌț ȗȖ-
ȒțȗȒȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ Ǵȕȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȔ ȕȈ șȒȈȏȒț
ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț 
ǹȐȕȋ ȋȖȘȤȒȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ
— ǬȈ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț ǩȍșȗȘȈȊȐȍ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ țȎȈș-
ȕȖ ǪȈș țȌȐȊȓȧȍȚ ȟȚȖ șȍȑȟȈș ȔȖȎȕȖ ȒțȗȐȚȤ Ȋ ȚȈȑȕȖȔ ȗȘȐ-
ȚȖȕȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț țȒȘȈȌȍȕȕțȦ ȍȡȍ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȖȔ Ȑ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȕțȦ
șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ ș ȥȚȖȑ ȞȍȓȤȦ Ǩ Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȍȡȍ Ȋ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ
ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȏȍȒȈ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȔțȎȤȧ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȗțȉȓȐȟ-
ȕȣȍ ȌȖȔȈ șȊȖȐȝ Ȏȍȕ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ ȐȔ ȊȣȗȓȈȟȐȊȈȓȐ ȍȎȍȔȍșȧȟȕȖȍ
ȊȖȏȕȈȋȘȈȎȌȍȕȐȍ? ǵȈȠȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȕȍ țȔȍȍȚ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ,
— ȖȕȈ ȕȍ țȔȍȍȚ ȌȈȎȍ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ǵȈȠȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ — ȥȚȖ ȐȓȐ Ȓț-
șȖȒ ȔȧșȈ șȖȏȌȈȕȕȣȑ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ, ȐȓȐ ȝȖ-
ȌȧȟȐȑ ȌȍȚȖȘȖȎȌȈȦȡȐȑ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ ǷȘȖȟȚȐȚȍ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȊȖȗȘȖ-
șț ȚȘțȌ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ șȖȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȈ — ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ DzȖȘșȈȒȖȊȈ Ƕȕ
ȗȘȖȎȐȓ ȗȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ Ȋ ǷȍȒȐȕȍ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȋȖ ȊȍȒȈ Ƕȕ ȌȈȍȚ
ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȉȍȏȖȚȘȈȌȕțȦ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ
— ǵȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ — dzȤȊȖȊ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ șȚȈ-
ȘȈȧșȤ ȗȘȐȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȟȐȚȈȕȕȖȍ Ȗ DzȐȚȈȍ, — ȘȈȏȊȍ ȘȍȊȖȓȦ-
ȞȐȧ  ȋȖȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȋȓȈ ȎȍȕșȒȖȔț ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȦ? Ǵȕȍ ȒȈ-
ȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȊȈȠȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ țȎȍ șȓȍȗȣ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ Ȑȝ Ȋȣ-
șȚȈȊȓȧȍȚȍ ȇ șȓȣȝȈȓ Ȗ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȍȘȒȍ ǾȦ-ǬȏȐȕ ȖșȕȖȊȈȊ-
Ƞȍȑ ȎȍȕșȒȖȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȒȈȏȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖ-
ȘȖȔ Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ
— ȅȚȖ ȍȌȐȕȐȟȕȣȑ ȜȈȒȚ ǵȈȠȈ «ȊȍȓȐȒȈȧ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȧ» șȌȍ-
ȓȈȓȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȔȍȕȐȓȈ ȖȉȣȟȈȑ țȘȖȌȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȎȍȕșȒȐȍ ȕȖȋȐ ǼȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐ — ȥȚȖ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ DzȐȚȈȍ
ȗȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȘȖȚȈ ǩȍșȗȘȈȊȕȣȍ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȖșȚȈȦȚșȧ ȉȍș-
ȗȘȈȊȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ǬȈ ȊȖȚ ȚȈȔ ȒțȌȈ Ȕȣ ȐȌȍȔ Ȋȣ țȊȐȌȐȚȍ
ȝȖȘȖȠȐȍ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘȣ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ. ǬȖ-
ȔȈ ȚȍȘȗȐȔȖșȚȐ ȘȈșȚțȚ, ȒȈȒ ȘȐș ȗȘȐ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȑ ȗȖȋȖȌȍ. DzȈȒ Ȏȍ

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ȐȕȈȟȍ ȍșȓȐ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȐșȚȈȔ ȊȣȋȖȌȕȖ ȘȈȏȊȘȈȡȈȚȤ Ȑ ȖșȓȈȉȓȧȚȤ
ȘȈȉȖȟȍȍ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȍ.. ǶșȚȖȘȖȎȕȍȍ ǵț ȊȖȚ Ȕȣ Ȑ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ
ǷȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒȈȔȐ țȎȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȊ-
ȠȐȔȐșȧ ȗȖ ȚȍȔȕȣȔ ȒȘȐȊȣȔ țȓȐȞȈȔ ȖȒȘȈȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓȈ
ȒȈȟȈȓșȧ ȚțșȒȓȣȑ ȋȈȏȖȊȣȑ ȜȖȕȈȘȤ ǼȖȕȈȘȤ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓ ȕȐȏȒȐȑ
ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȜȈșȈȌ ȖȌȕȖȥȚȈȎȕȖȋȖ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ ș ȠȐȘȖȒȖȑ ȊȣȞȊȍȚ-
Ƞȍȑ ȊȣȊȍșȒȖȑ «ǬȎțȕ-ȌȐ-ȜȈȕ».
 ǷȖȒțȗȒȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ
ǷȍșȚȘȈȧ ȘȈȏțȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȈȧ ȧȘȒȐȔȐ ȠȐȘȔȈȔȐ ȊȣȠȐȊȒȈ-
ȔȐ Ȑ ȞȊȍȚȕȣȔȐ ȜȖȕȈȘȐȒȈȔȐ țșȚȓȈȕȕȈȧ ȒȖȊȘȐȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌț-
ȠȒȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȍȔȕȈȧ — ȊȖȚ ȒțȌȈ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȧȚ ȗȖșȍȚȐ-
Țȍȓȍȑ ǬȎțȕ-ȌȐ-ȜȈȕȈ — ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȋȖ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ șȘȍȌ-
ȕȍȑ ȘțȒȐ ǹȚȈȘȐȕȕȈȧ ȊȍȎȓȐȊȖșȚȤ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȤ
șȗȍȘȊȈ ȊȣȗȐȓ ȟȈȠȒț ȟȈȧ Ȑ ȗȖȉȍșȍȌȖȊȈȓ ș ȝȖȏȧȑȒȖȑ ȏȈȊȍȌȍ-
ȕȐȧ Ȗ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȝ ȊȍȡȈȝ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ țȎȍ ȐȏȓȈȋȈȓ ȞȍȓȤ șȊȖȍȋȖ
ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȧ ǵȖ ȗȧȚȍȘȖ ȗȖȒțȗȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȎȐȊȖȋȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ
ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȣ Ȓ ȚȈȒȖȔț ȚȖȟȕȖȔț ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȦ ȖȉȣȟȈȧ
DzȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ dzȧȖ-ǩȈȕȤ — ȌȘȧȝȓȈȧ ȘȈȏȘȧȎȍȕȕȈȧ Ȋ ȧȘȒȐȍ
ȠȍȓȒȈ ȒȐȚȈȧȕȒȈ — ȝȖȏȧȑȒȈ ȌȖȔȈ — ȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ ȚȖȓș-
Țȣȑ ȀȈȕȋ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȋȘțȉȖ ȐȏȓȖȎȐȓ ȕȈ țșȓȖȊȕȖȔ ȊȖ-
ȘȖȊșȒȖȔ ȕȈȘȍȟȐȐ ȞȍȓȤ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȧ ȐȔ ȕțȎȕȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ
ǹȈȔȈȧ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈȧ ǵȍȚ ȕȍ ȕȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȉ șȖȊșȍȔ ȖȕȐ ȒțȗȧȚ
ȍȍ ȏȈ ȏȊȖȕȒțȦ ȔȖȕȍȚț ǵț ȕȍțȎȍȓȐ Ȏȍ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȈȧ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȥȚț ȗȘȖșȚțȦ ȗȘȖșȤȉț" Ǩ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȉȣȚȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȍȠȖȒ ȗȖȓȕȖȊȍșȕȣȝ ȗȍȒȐȕșȒȐȝ ȚȈȥȓȍȑ șȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȍȍ
ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȋȐȉȒȐȔȐ"
ǽȖȏȧȑȒȈ ȝȓȖȗȕțȓȈ Ȋ ȓȈȌȖȠȐ ǪȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȒȐȚȈȧȕ-
ȒȈ Ȑ șȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȊȣșȓțȠȈȊ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȚȘȣȊȐșȚȣȝ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȑ.
ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȔȖȕȋȖȓ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ ȊȣȚȧȕțȓșȧ ȏȈ șȗȐȕȖȑ șȚȈȘț-
ȝȐ ǷȍșȚȘȈȧ ȊȝȖȌȕȈȧ ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȒȈ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȊȖȠ-
ȓȈ ȗȈȘȚȐȧ Ȑȏ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȣȝ Ȓ ȗȘȖȌȈȎȍ
«ǷȖșȓțȠȕȈȧ ȌȖȉȘȖȌȍȚȍȓȤ», — ȒȈȒ ȖȚȘȍȒȖȔȍȕȌȖȊȈȓȈ ȍȍ
ȝȖȏȧȑȒȈ ȗȘȐȚȖȕȈ — ȉȣȓȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȖȑ ș ȓȐȞȖȔ ȞȊȍ-
ȚȈ ȠȈȜȘȈȕȈ Ȑ ȒȘȖȠȍȟȕȣȔȐ ȖȌȍȚȣȔȐ Ȋ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȍ ȉȈȠȔȈ-

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ȒȐ ȕȖȎȒȈȔȐ ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕțȎȕȖ ȔțȟȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȕȍ ȌȈȚȤ șȚțȗȕȍ ȊȣȘȈșȚȐ ȌȖ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȣ Ȑ șȖȝȘȈ-
ȕȐȚȤ ț ȊȏȘȖșȓȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȖȋț ȗȧȚȐȓȍȚȕȍȋȖ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ ǵȖ
ȏȈȒȖȕ ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȔȍȕȐȊȠȐȑ țȘȖȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȕȖȋ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȘȈ-
ȏț ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȐȚȤ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȐȑ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ȔȖȌȣ ǷȖȏȊȧȒȐȊȈȧ
ȉȘȈșȓȍȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȠȍȓȍșȚȧ ȠȍȓȒȖȔ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȠȓȈ ȗȖ ȒȖȊ-
ȘȈȔ Ȑ șȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȖȑ ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȒȖȑ
ǶȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓȈ ǵȍ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȚȈȒȎȍ Ȑ șȓȍȌțȦȡȈȧ —
șȚȘȖȑȕȈȧ ȐȕȌțșȒȈ ȊșȒȐȕțȊȠȈȧ ȕȈ ȗȧȚȍȘȣȝ ȖȞȍȕȡȐȒȖȊ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȐȍ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȏȘȈȟȒȐ Ȑ ȐșȟȍȏȕțȊȠȈȧ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ Ǯȍȕ-
ȡȐȕȣ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȖȌȕȈ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ — ȓȍȋȒȐȍ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȍ ȕȖ
ȌȈȓȍȒȐȍ — ȥȚȖ ȧșȕȖ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓȐ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȍ — ȖȚ ȚȖȑ
ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕțȎȕȈ Ȋ Ȏȍȕȣ «ȎȐȊȖȔț ȉȖȋț».
DzȐȚȈȍȞ ȗȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȚȖȧȊȠȐȑ Ȋ țȋȓț ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȕȈȒȓȖ-
ȕȐȓșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȓȍȟȖ ȋȘțȏȕȖȑ ȝȖȏȧȑȒȐ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȏȈȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȍȑ
ȕȈ țȝȖ ǺȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȠȍȊȍȓȤȕțȓȈ ȗȓȍȟȖȔ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȊ ȕȍȗȘȖ-
Ƞȍȕȣȍ șȖȊȍȚȣ ǵȖ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȑ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȑ ȕȈ ȎȍȓȚȖȓȐȞȍȋȖ
țȌȈȊȈ Ȇ-ǨȖ-Ǿȧȕ țȎȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȍȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕțȦ ȕȍȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖșȚȤ
— ǴȈȚȤ ȔȖȧ — ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȣȔȈȧșȤ ș
ȗȖȌțȠȍȒ, — Țȣ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȕȈȔ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȝ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȐȞ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ǵȖ ȖȚ ȕȈș șȒȘȣȚȈ ȓțȟȠȈȧ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ǵȍ ȖȚ-
ȒȈȏȣȊȈȑșȧ
Ǫșȍ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȘȍȏȒȐȑ ȏȕȈȒ ȖȚȘȐȞȈȕȐȧ ȊȣȌȈȊ-
ȠȐȑ ȍȍ
— ǹȔȖȚȘȐ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȠțȚȐȔ Ȕȣ ȘȈșȗȓȈȚȐȔșȧ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔȐ
ȓȈȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȐȔȧ ȏȌȍȠȕȍȋȖ ȉȈȕ-
ȒȈ ǹȔȖȚȘȐ
Ƕȕ ȊȣșȣȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȞȐȕȖȊȒț ȋȘțȌț ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ȏȊȧȒȕțȊȠȐȝ șȍ-
ȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȝ șȓȐȚȒȖȊ — «ȚȈȥȓȍȑ» ȐȓȐ «ȓȈȕ», — ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ țȗȖ-
ȚȘȍȉȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ Ȋ DzȐȚȈȍ ȒȘțȗȕȖȑ ȔȖȕȍȚȣ Ȑ ȚȘȧȝȕțȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȍȍ
ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȗȈȟȒȖȑ ȌȍȕȍȎȕȣȝ ȉțȔȈȋ ǹȚȈȘțȝȈ ȊȣȚȧȕțȓȈ ȔȖȘȡȐ-
ȕȐșȚțȦ ȠȍȦ Ȑ ȍȍ ȚțșȒȓȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȡȍ ȋȓțȉȎȍ ȏȈȘȣȓȐșȤ Ȋ
ȎȍȓȚȣȍ șȒȓȈȌȒȐ ȡȍȒ
— ǵȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȔȖȑ ȕȖ ȔȍȎȌț ȊȈȔȐ Ȗ ȕȍȚ ȚȊȖȧ ȗȘȖ-
ȕȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȖȉȔȈȕțȓȈ Țȍȉȧ șȣȕ ȕȍȉȈ Ǫșȍ ȟȚȖ ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ
Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȉȍȌȕȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȈȔȐ

39
Ȇ-ǨȖ-Ǿȧȕ ȗȖȚȍȘ ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȖȒȈȚȣȑ ȓȖȉ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ
ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ dzȤȊȖȊȈ
— ȇ ȗȖȕȧȓ Ǻȣ ȉȖȐȠȤșȧ ȍȋȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȜȍȘȍȕȌȎȐ
ǵȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ țșȗȖȒȖȑșȧ ȔȈȚȤ Ƕȕ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȐȡȍȚ ȗȘȍȒ-
ȘȈșȕțȦ ȌȍȊțȠȒț Ƕȕ — Ȇ-ǨȖ-Ǿȧȕ ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȝ șȓȖȊ
ǹȚȈȘțȝȈ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȈ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȍȔȈȧ ȔȖ-
ȓȖȌȣȔ ȗȖȌȘțȟȕȣȔ ǫȌȍ-ȚȖ ȏȈ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȘȖȌȒȖȑ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȍȍ
ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș șȓȖȊȈ țȊȍȡȍȊȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȔȣȍ
ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȔ Ȑ ȟȍȑ-ȚȖ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȣȑ ȒȘȐȒ ǯȈ ȌȊȍȘȤȦ ȕȈȟȈȓȈșȤ
ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȈȧ ȊȖȏȕȧ Ȑ ȗȍșȚȘȣȑ ȏȈȕȈȊȍș ȘȍȏȒȖ ȘȊȈȕțȓșȧ Ȋ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȕț
ǷȧȚȍȘȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȊȠȐȝ ȘȈȏȖȔ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓȐ ȖȚ ȊȖșȝȐȡȍȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ — ǬȈ ȥȚȖ — ȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȖȕȐ ȐȡțȚ ǺȈ ȒȖȋȖ
ȌȖȎȐȌȈȍȚșȧ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȤ «ǩȈȖ-Ǭțȕ».
Ǫ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȊȉȍȎȈȓȈ Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȈ ȗȘȐ ȊȐȌȍ ȗȧȚȐ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔ-
ȞȍȊ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȓȍȚ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȖȌȍȚȈȧ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȍ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȖȍ
ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ǭȍ ȖȒȘțȋȓȖ ȊȣȟȍȘȟȍȕȕȖȍ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕ-
ȕȖȍ ȉȍȓȖȒțȘȣȔȐ ȘȈșȗțȡȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȐșȒȖȊȍȘ-
ȒȈȕȖ șȚȘȈȝȖȔ Ȑ ȖȚȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍȔ Ǩ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈ ȖȉȕȈ-
ȎȍȕȕțȦ ȌȖ ȓȖȒȚȧ ȕȍȎȕțȦ ȘțȒț Ȋșȍ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȗȖȓȖșț ȖȚ țȌȈ-
ȘȈ ȝȓȣșȚȖȔ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȊȠțȦ ȕȈ ȘȖȏȖȊȈȚȖȑ ȒȖȎȍ
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ Ȏȍ ȉȍȓȈȧ — ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȀȈȕȋ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ
ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ ȗȖȎȐȘȈȧ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ șȚȘȖȑȕțȦ Ȑ ȚȖȕȒțȦ ȜȐȋțȘȒț
dzȤȊȖȊ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȊȐșȚȕțȓ ȗȖțȌȖȉȕȍȍ țșȈȎȐȊȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȔȧȋȒȖȔ
șȐȌȍȕȤȍ
— ǬȈ ȥȚȖ ȉȍȓȈȧ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ. — ǹȚȈȘțȝȈ, ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȖ-
ȊȖȓȤȕȈȧ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȚȘțșȐȊȠȈȧ ȗȘȐȟȔȖȒȐȊȈȧ
ȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ — ǵȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ țȒȘȈȌȍȕȈ — ȌȈ ȏȈșȊȐ-
ȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊțȦȚ ȥȚȖ ȌțȠȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȔȖȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȒȖȊ ǶȕȈ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȈ
ȔȕȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȊȣșȖȒȐȝ ȋȖșȗȖȌ Ȓ ȟȐșȓț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚȍ
Ȋȣ — ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȖ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȤșȒȐ Ȏȍș-
ȚȖȒȖȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȓȐȞȈ șȚȈȘțȝȐ ȘȈȏȖȔ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȖ ȍȍ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȤ
ȘȖȚ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ — ȀȈȕȋ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȓ Ȓ Ȍȍȓț, — șȒȖȓȤȒȖ Țȣ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ
ȏȈ ȥȚț ȎȍȕȡȐȕț"
ǹȚȈȘțȝȈ ȖȉȌȍȘȋȐȊȈȓȈ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȍȘȚȊȣ ȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ
ȋȖșȚȍȑ ȈȓȟȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ

40
— ǪȐȌȐȚȍ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȍ ȋȖșȚȐ ȊȈȔ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȓȈșȤ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ǵȖ
ȖȕȈ șȚȖȐȚ ȌȖȘȖȋȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȖȘȖȋȖ ǵȍ ȌȖȘȖȎȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȕȈșȚȖȧ-
ȡȍȑ Ȟȍȕȣ ǶȕȈ șȚȖȐȚ ȗȧȚȤ Țȣșȧȟ ȗȖȓȕȖȊȍșȕȣȝ ȚȈȥȓȍȑ
ǪȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ șȚȣȕțȡȐȍ ȓȐȞȈ ȗȖȒțȗȈȚȍ-
ȓȍȑ ȖȕȈ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȍȡȍ ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȕȍȍ
— ǶȕȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȓțȕȈ ǭȍ ȚȍȓȖ — ȘȖȏȖȊȍȦȡȐȑ ȎȍȔ-
ȟțȋ ǭȍ ȋȘțȌȐ ȒȘȍȗȒȐ ȒȈȒ ȠȐȠȒȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȒȍȌȘȈ Ȑ ȈȘȖ-
ȔȈȚȕȣ ȒȈȒ ȘȖȏȣ ǵȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȒȈ-
șȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ǭȍ șȗȐȕȈ șȚȘȖȑȕȍȍ Ȑ ȋȐȉȟȍ ȉȈȔȉțȒȈ ǭȍ ȎȐ-
ȊȖȚ ȕȖ ȌȖȉȘȣȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȍȚȍȓȐ ȏȈȟȍȔ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ țȚȘțȎ-
ȌȈȚȤ șȊȖȑ ȧȏȣȒ" Ǫȣ șȈȔȐ țȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȒȈȒȐȝ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȖȕȈ șȚȖȐȚ
ǸȈȏȌȍȕȤșȧ ȌȖȟȤ ȔȖȧ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȎȐ șȊȖȐ ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚȊȈ șȊȖȐȔ ȉț-
ȌțȡȐȔ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈȔ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖȍ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ ǺȈ Ȓ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȈ ȓȐȞȖ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ
ș ȗȘȖȚȍșȚțȦȡȐȔ ȒȘȐȒȖȔ ȖȚșȒȖȟȐȓȈ Ȓ șȚȍȕȍ DzȐȚȈȑȞȣ șȐȌȍ-
ȓȐ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ Ǫ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȊȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȌȊȈ ȘȖșȓȣȝ șțȉȢȍȒȚȈ Ȋ
ȌȖȓȋȖȗȖȓȣȝ ȝȈȓȈȚȈȝ — ȎțȈȕ-Ȍȣ ȊȣȠȐȉȈȓȣ
 ȌȖȔȈ ǷȖ ȏȕȈȒț
ȝȖȏȧȑȒȐ ȖȕȐ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȊȠȍȑ Ȍȍ-
ȊțȠȒȍ
— ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ
DzȖȘȖȚȒȖȍ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ șȊȐșȚȕțȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȝȓȣșȚ Ȋ Ȗȉ-
șȚȈȕȖȊȒȍ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȧ Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋ șȚȖȧȓ ȊȣȗȘȧ-
ȔȐȊȠȐșȤ ȊȖ ȊȍșȤ ȘȖșȚ ș ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȚȖȑ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȘțȒȖȑ Ǫ ȒțȓȈ-
ȒȈȝ ȊȣȠȐȉȈȓ șȊȍȘȒȕțȓȐ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȊȏȧȊȠȐȍșȧ ȒȖ-
ȘȖȚȒȐȍ ȕȖȎȐ ǶȕȐ țȋȘȖȎȈȦȡȍ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ Ȓ ǹȐȕȋț ǹȚȈȘț-
ȝȈ ȚȖȎȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȈ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȍ ȋțȉȣ ȗȖșȍȘȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȗȍȘ-
ȋȈȔȍȕȚȕȖȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ
— ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ — ǹȐȕȋ ȚȖȓȒȕțȓ ȕȖȋȖȑ ȋȘțȌț șȍȘȍȉȘȈ Ȑ Ȋȏȧȓ
ȈșșȐȋȕȈȞȐȐ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ ȀȈȕȋȈ — ǴȈȚȤ ȔȖȧ Ȕȣ ȊȐȌȐȔ ȟȚȖ Ȍȍ-
ȊțȠȒȈ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȚ ȕȈȔ Ǵȣ ȕȍ ȕțȎȌȈȍȔșȧ Ȋ ȐȏȓȐȠȕȐȝ ȌȖȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȝ Ǻȣ ȗȘȖșȐȠȤ ȗȧȚȤ Țȣșȧȟ ȚȈȥȓȍȑ" ǪȖȚ Țȍȉȍ ȚȘȐ
ȚȣșȧȟȐ ǩȖȓȤȠȍ Țȍȉȍ ȕȍ ȌȈșȚ ȕȐȒȚȖ ǵȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ-ȚȖ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖ
ȚȖȘȋȖȊȈȚȤ șȍȑȟȈș ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈȔȐ ǩȍȘȐ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȌȈȑ ȕȈȔ ȚȖȊȈȘ ǰ ȌȈ ȗȘȖȞȊȍȚȍȠȤ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ Țȣ Ȑ ȌțȠȐ ȚȊȖȐȝ
ȗȘȍȌȒȖȊ
ǹȚȈȘțȝȈ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓȈ Ȓ ȌȍȕȤȋȈȔ ȞȍȗȒȐȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȗțȝ-
ȓȣȝ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȝ ȔȈșșȖȑ ȒȖȓȍȞ Ȑ ȉȘȈșȓȍȚȖȊ ȘțȒ ǺȖȘȋ ȉȣȓ

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ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕ ǷȖșȓȈȕȞȣ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ ȕȈȠȓȐ Țț ȞȍȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȑ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȑ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ ȖȟțȚȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȉȖȘȞȖȊ ȏȈ
șȊȖȉȖȌț DzȐȚȈȧ
 ǴȖȕȈșȚȣȘȤ ǩȈȖ-Ǭțȕ
ǰ ȊȖȚ — ȌȖȘȖȋȈ ǷȖȓȚȖȘȣ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȊȍȘșȚ ȊȍȘȝȖȔ ȗȖ ȋȖȘȐ-
șȚȖȑ ȐȏȘȍȏȈȕȕȖȑ ȘȍȒȈȔȐ șȚȘȈȕȍ ǬȊȈ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȉȍșȗȘȍȘȣȊ-
ȕȖȑ ȍȏȌȣ ș ȗȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȖȑ ȕȈ ȘțȒȈȝ ȗȖȌ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖȑ
țȋȘȖȏȖȑ ȈȘȍșȚȈ Ȑ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ ȊșȍȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ DzȚȖ ȏȕȈȍȚ — ȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȚȐȚșȧ ȓȐ ȐȔ ȗȈȚȘțȓȤ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȝ ȐȓȐ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȝ șȖȓ-
ȌȈȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȊȍȓȐȚ ȊȣȌȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȌȖ-
ȗȘȖș șȚȘȈȕȕțȦ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȒț șȗȘȧȚȈȕȕțȦ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȒȘȣȚȣȝ
ȕȖșȐȓȖȒ" DzȚȖ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ȐșȗȣȚȈȦȚ ȖȕȐ Ȋ
ȌȈȓȍȒȖȔ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖȔ ǺȐȉȍȚȍ"
ǯȈ ȌȖȓȋȐȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ȗȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ șȘȍ-
ȌȐ ȠȍșȚȐ șȗțȚȕȐȒȖȊ — ȖȌȕȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ Ȑ ȍȍ ȗȧȚȍȘȣȝ ȝȖ-
ȏȧȍȊ — țșȗȍȓȐ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤșȧ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȖȚȕȖȠȍ-
ȕȐȧ ǺȖȟȕȍȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍȎ-
Ȍț ȚȘȍȔȧ Ȑȏ ȠȍșȚȍȘȣȝ
ǺȘȖȍ «ȌȍȚȍȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȌȘȈȒȖȕȈ» — ȀȈȕȋ ǾȐ-ǴȖ Ȑ Ȇ-ǨȖ-
Ǿȧȕ — șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ȗȖȟȚȐ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȕȍȖȌțȠȍȊȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ Ȟȍȕț ȏȈ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȕȐȍ ȕțȎȕȣȔȐ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊț
ȉțȔȈȋȈȔȐ ǰ ȒȈȒ ȚȈȒȖȊȈȧ ȞȍȕȈ ȥȚȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȍȘȍȎȕȖ
ȖȝȘȈȕȧȚȤșȧ ǭȍ ȕȍ șȔȍȓ ȒȈșȈȚȤșȧ ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȓȐȠȕȐȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ
ȕȐ ȖȌȕȈ ȔȖȋțȡȈȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȑȚȐ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖșȚȤ Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋ Ȏȍ —
ȕȖ Ȗȉ Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋȍ Ȕȣ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȔ șȍȉȍ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȏ-
ȎȍǹȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ș ȊȣȠȍȐȏȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȔ șȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȚȈ ȖȚȕȖ-
șȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ șȊȖȉȖȌȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȘȈșȗȖȓȈȋȈȚȤ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ
ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊșȚțȗȐȓȐ Ȋ ȗȖȓȖșț ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȏȈȝȊȈ-
ȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȗȈȌȕȖȑ «ȒțȓȤȚțȘȖȑ» DzȐȚȈȧ ǶȕȈ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ȍȝȈȓȈ
ȕȈ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ ȗȖȓȤȏțȧșȤ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȊșȧȟȍșȒȐȔȐ țșȓțȋȈȔȐ șȊȖȐȝ
«ȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȍȓȍȑ» ǪȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȕțȎȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȉȓȈȋȈ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ Ȍȓȧ
ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖ ȌȖȊȍȏȚȐ ȗȖȒțȗȒț ȌȖ ȔȍșȚȈ ȕȈȏȕȈ-
ȟȍȕȐȧ ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ dzȤȊȖȊȈ

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ǹ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȗțȚȐ Ȗȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ șȐȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȘȈȏȖȋȘȍȓȈșȤ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ șȞȍȕȖȑ Ȋ ȗȘȐȚȖȕȍ șȚȈȓ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȞț șȊȖȍȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ DzȖȋȌȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕ
ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȖȟȤ Ȗȕ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȍȑ ȔȈșșț ȔȍȓȒȐȝ țș-
ȓțȋ ȘȈȏȊȖȌȐȓ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȒȖșȚȍȘ ȊȣȐșȒȐȊȈȓ ȓțȟ-
ȠȐȑ țȋȖȓ Ȋ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȑ șȍȓȤșȒȖȑ ȋȖșȚȐȕȐȞȍ Ƕȕ
șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȊȖȑȚȐ Ȋ ȍȍ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȍ ȖȚȗțșȒȈȓ ȔȈșșț ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖșȚȍȑ
ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ ȍȔț ȧȏȣȒȈȝ «ǵȍȓȤȏȧ ȓȐ ȖȚȣșȒȈȚȤ ȊȔȍșȚȍ
șȘȍȌșȚȊȖ Ȓ șȗȈșȍȕȐȦ"» — ȕȈȠȍȗȚȣȊȈȓ Ȗȕ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȊȖȐȝ
ȌȍȎțȘșȚȊ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȕȍȍ —«DzȚȖ ȖȕȈ" DzȈȒ ȗȖȗȈȓȈ Ȋ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȑ
ȗȘȐȚȖȕ"» ǵȖ ȚȈ Ȏȍ șȞȍȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȏȈȘȖȌȐȓȈ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ
ț dzȤȊȖȊȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȍȑ ȐșȚȐȕȕțȦ ȗȖȌȒȓȈȌȒț ȍȋȖ țȝȈȎȐȊȈ-
ȕȐȑ ǶȕȈ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȈ Ǩ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȐ ȗȍȘȍȑȚȐ Ȓ «ȔȍȚȖȌț ȗȘȧ-
ȔȖȋȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ» ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȕȖȟȍȊȖȒ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȍ țȊȍȕ-
ȟȈȓȐșȤ țșȗȍȝȖȔ ǷȘȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȐ ȍȋȖ ȎȍșȚȒȐȝ
ȗȈȓȤȞȍȊ ȖȕȈ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ ȒȘȈșȕȖȘȍȟȐȊȖ ȗȘȐșȚȈȊȓȧȧ Ȓ
șȊȖȍȔț ȋȖȘȓț ȖșȚȘȐȍ ȘȈȏȌȖȉȣȚȖȋȖ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȕȖȎȈ 
ǯȈȚȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐ
ȊȐȌȍ Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋȈ ǷȖȌ ȔȈșȒȖȑ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȒțȗȈȚȍȓȧ ȎȐȊȖȋȖ
ȚȖȊȈȘȈ ȖȕȈ șȚȈȘȈȓȈșȤ țȋȈȌȈȚȤ șȔȍȓȣȑ Ȑ ȟȍșȚȕȣȑ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ
ǹȐȕȋ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȓșȧ ȗȘȍșȍȟȤ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ șȞȍȕț Ȋ ȗțȉȓȐȟ-
ȕȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ ǹȐȕȋ șȗȈș ȍȍ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗțȚȐ Ȑȏ ȔțȚȕȖȋȖ
ȒȐȗȧȡȍȋȖ ȊȖȌȖȊȖȘȖȚȈ Ȑ ȖȚ ȘțȒ ȋȘȈȉȐȚȍȓȧ ǰ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȑ ȒȖ-
ȘȍȕȈșȚȣȑ ȚȐȉȍȚȍȞ ȟȈșȚȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȕȈ șȍȉȍ ȌȊȈ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ
ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȣȑ Ȑ țȔȖȓȧȦȡȐȑ — ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȋȖȓțȉȣȝ
ȋȓȈȏ Ȑ ȏȓȖȑ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȘȍȊȕȖșȚȤȦ — dzȤȊȖȊȈ ǩȣȓȈ ȓȐ
ȗȘȈȊȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȌȍȓȈȧ ȋȍȘȖȧ Ȑȏ ȔȘȈȟȕȖȋȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȏȈȕȧȚȖȋȖ Ȑ
ȘȈșșțȎȌȈȦȡȍȋȖ Ȗ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȍ Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋȈ"
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȔȈșșȐȊȕȣȔȐ ȊȖȘȖȚȈȔȐ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ ȋȓȐȕȧȕȖȑ șȚȍ-
ȕȣ Ȇ-ǨȖ-Ǿȧȕ* șȖșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓ ș șȍȌȓȈ Ȑ Ȋȏȧȓ ȗȖȌ țȏȌȞȣ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ
ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ǹȐȕȋ Ȑ ȗȧȚȣȑ ȟȓȍȕ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȐ — ȋȖȘȐȓȓȖȖȉȘȈȏ-
ȕȣȑ ǾȐ-ǴȖ — șȎȈȓȐ ȍȍ ș ȖȉȍȐȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȗȖȚȕȣȔȐ ȉȖȒȈȔȐ
șȊȖȐȝ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ ǹȗȍȠȐȊȠȐȑșȧ ȀȈȕȋ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȏȊȖȕȐȓ Ȋ ȔȍȌ-
ȕȣȑ ȋȖȕȋ ȊȐșȧȡȐȑ ț ȊȝȖȌȈ
* ɗɬɨɬ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠ ɢɦɟɧɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɢɦɟɧɚɦɢ ɘ-Ⱥɨ-ɐɢɧ ɘ-ɨ-
ɐɹɧ ɘ-Ⱥɨ-ɐɹɧ ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɘ-Ⱥɨ-ɐɹɧ ɤɚɤ ɜɫɬɪɟ-
ɱɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ (ɉɪɢɦ ɢɡɞ.).

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ǪȖȘȖȚȈ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȐșȤ Ǫ ȚȍȔȕȖȔ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȉȖȐȕȍ ȚȖȓșȚȖȑ șȚȍȕȣ ȊȣȘȖș ȓȈȔȈ-ȗȘȐȊȘȈȚȕȐȒ — ȉȘȐȚȣȑ țȠȈ-
șȚȣȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ ș țȏȒȖȑ ȗȖȊȧȏȒȖȑ ȕȈ ȓȉț Ȋ ȧȘȒȖ-ȏȍȓȍȕȖȔ ȗȖȌ-
ȗȖȧșȈȕȕȖȔ ȉȈȓȈȝȖȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȊȠȍȔ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȈȊțȦ
ȘțȒț ȗȓȍȟȖ Ȑ ȟȈșȚȤ ȋȘțȌȐ ȀȈȕȋ ȗȖȌȈȓ ȗȖȓȕȖȔȖȟȐȧ ǷȘȐȊ-
ȘȈȚȕȐȒ Ȑșȟȍȏ ȏȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ șȌȊȐȕțȊȠȐȔȐșȧ șȊȖȌȟȈȚȣȔȐ șȚȊȖȘ-
ȒȈȔȐ ǴȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ șȗțșȚȧ Ȗȕ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ șȕȖȊȈ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȓ
ȏȕȈȒ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȈȧ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ
DzȈȘȈȊȈȕ ȔȐȕȖȊȈȓ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȝȖȌ ȊȖȘȖȚ — dzȤȊȖȊ Ȑ
ȀȈȕȋ ș ȓȖȠȈȌȤȔȐ ȗȖȌ țȏȌȞȣ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ — ȥșȒȖȘȚȐȘțȧ ȓȖ-
ȠȈȌȤ ȗȖȓțȉȍșȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȚȖȔȧȡȍȑșȧ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȑ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ-
șȚȤȦ ȎȍȘȚȊȣ
ȀȐȘȖȒȐȑ ȔȖȡȍȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȋȖȊȈȚȣȔȐ ȗȓȐȚȈȔȐ ȌȊȖȘ ȗȖ-
ȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȍ ȌȊȖȘȣ ȉțȌȌȐȑșȒȐȝ ȝȘȈȔȖȊ ǷȖșȘȍȌȐȕȍ
ȊȖȏȊȣȠȈȓșȧ ȌȊȖȘȍȞ-ȝȘȈȔ ș ȊȍȘȍȕȐȞȍȑ șȊȖȌȟȈȚȣȝ ȊȖȘȖȚ ș
ȘȍȏȕȣȔȐ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȈȔȐ ș ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔȐ
ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȟȈșȖȊȍȕȒȈȔȐ ȏȈȕȧȚȣȔȐ țȘȖȌȓȐȊȣȔȐ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍ-
ȕȐȧȔȐ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȐȕȌțșșȒȐȝ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȈȔȐ
ȋȖȘȍȓȐ ȔȈșȓȧȕȣȍ ȓȈȔȗȈȌȣ Ȑ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ
ȔȈȠȐȕȣ «ǶȔ-ȔȈȕȐ-ȗȈȌȔȥ-ȝțȔ» — ȉȍșȟȐșȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚ-
ȊȖ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓȐ ȉțȔȈȎȕȣȍ ȓȍȕȚȣ ȕȈȔȖȚȈȕȕȣȍ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȐȍ ȞȐȓȐȕȌȘȣ ǹȚȖȐȓȖ ȎȘȍȞț ȏȈȒȘțȚȐȚȤ — ȏȈ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕțȦ
ȗȓȈȚț — ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȘȐȉȖȘȖȊ Ȑ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȔȖȓȐȚȊ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ
ȊȖȏȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȉț ȏȈ ȖȗȓȈȚȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȥȚț ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȦ ǺȈȒȖȍ
ȗȘȖșȚȖȍ Ȑ țȌȖȉȕȖȍ țșȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȌȖ ȕȍȋȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȌȖ-
ȌțȔȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈȠȐ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒȐ
 ȐȔȍȍȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈ-
ȕȍȕȐȍ șȘȍȌȐ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ ȊȍȘțȦȡȐȝ
ǵȖ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȤ ǩȈȖ-Ǭțȕ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȒȘȣȚ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȝ
ȔȖȓȧȡȐȝșȧ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȖȒȖȕ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈșȤ
ȏȍȓȍȕȈȧ ȗȖȊȧȏȒȈ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȎȘȍȞȈ ǶȉȓȈȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȖȌȕȖȑ
Ȑȏ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȗȖȊȧȏȖȒ — Ȋ ȒȖșȚȦȔȍ șȝȖȎȍȔ ș ȖȌȍȎȌȖȑ ȗȘȐȊȘȈȚ-
ȕȐȒȈ ȊȈȎȕȖ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ șȒȓȖȕȐȊȠȐȔ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȡȐ-
ȒȈȔ
— Ǫȣ ȗȘȐȊȍȏȓȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ǪȖȚ ȥȚț — Ȗȕ ȖȒȐȕțȓ ȒȘȐȚȐȟȍ-
șȒȐȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȏȈȗȣȓȍȕȕțȦ șȚȘȖȑȕțȦ ȜȐȋțȘț Ȑ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ ȓȐ-
ȞȖ — ǬȈ ȖȕȈ ȝȖȘȖȠȈ ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ ǩțȌȌȈ șȖȐȏȊȖȓȧȍȚ ȕȍȔȍȌ-
ȓȍȕȕȖ țȌȖșȚȖȐȚȤ ȊȈș ȗȘȐȍȔȖȔ

45
 ǷȘȐȍȔ ț ȎȐȊȖȋȖ ǩțȌȌȣ
ǷȘȐȊȧȏȈȊ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ ȠȍșȚȍȘȖ ȗțȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ
Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȏȈȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ țȏȖȘȟȈȚȣȍ ȊȖȘȖȚȈ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȋȖ ȊȝȖȌȈ Ǫșȍ
șȚȍȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ țșȚȈȊȓȍȕȣ ȗȖȓȒȈȔȐ ș ȘȧȌȈȔȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȝ Ȑ
ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȉȖȎȒȖȊ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȝ șȖșțȌȖȊ Ȑ ȒȕȐȋ ȔȖȓȐȚ-
Ȋȍȕȕȣȝ ȞȊȍȚȕȣȝ ȧȡȐȟȒȖȊ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȐȝ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȕȖșȚȍȑ ȌȈȦ-
ȡȐȝ ȖȒȘȈșȒț ȓȦȉȖȑ Ȑȏ șțȡȍșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȑ ǬȊȖȍ ȘȈș-
ȗȘȖșȚȍȘȚȣȝ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȚȈȚțȍȑ ǩțȌȌȣ «ȏȍȓȍȕȣȝ» ȓȈȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ
ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ǺȖ Ȏȍ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȖȑ Ȑȏ
șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȝ ȏȈȓ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȘȐȍȏȎȐȔȐ ȔȈȘȠȐȘȖȊȈȓȐ
țȎȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȓȈȔ — ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋșȍ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȧ
ǴȐȕȖȊȈȓȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȣȑ ȊȝȖȌ ȖȚȌȍȓȈȕȕȣȑ ȏȖ-
ȓȖȚȖȔ Ȑ șȓȖȕȖȊȖȑ ȒȖșȚȤȦ
ǷȍȘȍȌȕȐȍ ȓȈȔȣ ȊȌȘțȋ țȗȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȑ ȘȈșȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ
ȕȈ ȔȧȋȒȐȝ ȔȍȌȊȍȎȤȐȝ ȠȒțȘȈȝ, țșȚȐȓȈȊȠȐȝ ȗȖȓ ǷȘȐȍȏȎȐȍ
ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȐ Ȑȝ ȗȘȐȔȍȘț
DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȊȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȖȒțȚȈȕ ȓȍȋȒȖȑ ȗȖȓțȚȤ-
ȔȖȑ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȔțȚȕȖ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓȐ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ ȊȣșȖȒȖȋȖ ȏȖ-
ȓȖȚȖȋȖ ȚȘȖȕȈ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȔȍȘț ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȋȖ
ȎȘȍȞȈ Ȋșȍ ȊșȚȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȐȓȈșȤ
ǹȊȍȘȝț ȓȐȓșȧ ȧȘȒȐȑ ȋȖȓțȉȖȑ șȊȍȚ, ȖșȊȍȡȈȊȠȐȑ ȉȖȋȈȚȖȍ
ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȐȍ șȐȌȍȊȠțȦ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȜȐȋțȘț ȏȍȓȍȕȣȝ ȓȈȔ ȊȣȚȧ-
ȕțȊȠȐȝșȧ Ȋ ȌȊȍ ȠȍȘȍȕȋȐ Ȑ ȒțȟȒț ȓȦȌȍȑ șȚȖȓȗȐȊȠȐȝșȧ șȘȍ-
ȌȐ ȏȈȓȈ
ǵȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȔ ȏȖȓȖȟȍȕȖȔ ȒȘȍșȓȍ șȚȖȧȊȠȍȔ ȕȈ ȔȘȈȔȖȘ-
ȕȖȔ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȐȐ șȐȌȍȓ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȔ ȐșȚțȒȈȕȖȔ ȚȖȕȒȐȑ
ȦȕȖȠȈ-ȐȕȌțș ș ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȣȔ șȚȘȖȋȐȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ǭȋȖ ȘțȒȐ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ șȒȘȍȡȍȕȣ ȕȈ ȎȐȊȖȚȍ șȗȐȕȈ ȕȍ ȖȉȓȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ șȗȐȕ-
Ȓț ǵȖ ȊȖȚ Ȗȕ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ș ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȔ ȘȈȏ-
ȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȚȤ ȊȖȠȍȌȠȐȝ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȓ șȚȖȧȊȠțȦ ȗȖșȘȍ-
ȌȐȕȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȖșȊȍȚȐȓȖșȤ ȌȍȚșȒȐ-ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȔ ȊȖș-
ȝȐȡȍȕȐȍȔ
ǩȘȖȕȏȖȓȐȞȣȑ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȑ ȎȘȍȞ șȚȖȧȊȠȐȑ ț ȚȘȖȕȈ șȒȓȖ-
ȕȐȓșȧ Ȓ țȝț ȦȕȖȠȐ ǴȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȐȍ șȖȠȓȖ ș ȍȋȖ
ȓȐȞȈ ǷȘȐȕȧȊ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȑ ȊȈȎȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȘțȒț ȊȐȌ-
ȕȖ șȖȉȐȘȈȧșȤ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ

46
ǵȖ ȍȔț ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȚȐ ȏȈțȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ
ȊȣșȖȒȖȗȈȘȕȖȑ ȘȍȟȐ ȀȈȕȋ ȐȏȌȈȓ ȘȍȏȒȖȍ ȊȖșȒȓȐȞȈȕȐȍ. Ƿȧ-
ȚȍȘȖ ȗȘȐȍȏȎȐȝ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ șȗȐȕȈȔȐ ȌȘțȋ Ȓ ȌȘțȋț ȕȈȗȘȈȊ-
ȓȧȧ ȕȈ ȓȈȔ șȐȕȦȦ șȚȈȓȤ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȕȣȝ Ȍțȓ
ȅȜȜȍȒȚ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓșȧ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ǬȊȈ ȌȍșȧȚȒȈ ȋȖȘȌȣȝ
ȎȘȍȞȖȊ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȐ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ș ȗȖȌȕȧȚȣȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȋ ȗȖȏȈȝ Ȋȣ-
ȘȈȎȈȦȡȐȝ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȍȍ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȕȐȍ ǶȌȐȕ — șȈȔȣȑ ȌȈȓȤ-
ȕȐȑ — ȕȈȟȈȓ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȊȣȝȖȌț ȕȍ șȗțșȒȈȧ ș ȖȘț-
ȎȐȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȝ ȋȓȈȏ ǵȖ ǹȐȕȋ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȈȕȍȊȘ.
ǶȋȓțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓ ȗȘȖȏȊțȟȈȓ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ Ȋ Ȋȣ-
șȖȒȐȝ ȗțșȚȣȝ ȏȈȓȈȝ ȌȊȖȘȞȈ ǮȘȍȞ țȚȒȕțȓșȧ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȋ ȟȍȘ-
ȕȣȑ Ȕȍȝ ȗȖȓȈ Ȑ ȏȈșȚȣȓ ȉȍșȜȖȘȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȒȖȔȒȖȔ ȧȘȒȖ-ȏȍȓȍ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ
ǷȖ ȍȓȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖȔț ȏȕȈȒț dzȤȊȖȊ Ȑ ǾȐ-ǴȖ ȕȍ ȖȗțșȒȈȧ ȖȘț-
ȎȐȧ ȖȚȖȠȓȐ Ȓ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍȑ ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȑ șȒȘȣȓȐșȤ șȘȍȌȐ ȚȧȎȍ-
ȓȖȋȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȧ ȏȈșȚȐȋȕțȚȣȝ ȊȘȈșȗȓȖȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ
Ǫ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȉȣȓ șȗțșȒ Ȋ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȕȐȞț —ȟȍ-
ȚȣȘȍȝțȋȖȓȤȕȈȧ ȟțȋțȕȕȈȧ ȗȓȐȚȈ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȊȠȈȧ ȓȦȒ Ȋ ȒȈȔȍȕ-
ȕȖȔ ȗȖȓț ǶȉȡȐȔȐ țșȐȓȐȧȔȐ șȌȊȐȕțȓȐ ȗȓȐȚț ǾȐ-ǴȖ șȗȘȣȋ-
ȕțȓ ȊȕȐȏ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȈȧ dzȤȊȖȊȈ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȔȍȘț
ǬȊȈ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȓțȟȈ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȕȣȝ ȜȖȕȈȘȍȑ ȘȈșșȍȧ-
ȓȐ ȚȤȔț ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȍȓȤȧ ǰȏ Ȋșȍȝ țȋȓȖȊ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓȐ
ȌȍșȧȚȒȐ ȔȍȕȧȊȠȐȝ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȖȊ ǵȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ șȔȖȚ-
ȘȍȓȐ ȓȐȞȈ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȝ ǩțȌȌ ȔȈȚȖȊȖ ȗȍȘȍȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ țșȣȗȈȕȕȣȍ
ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖșȚȧȔȐ ȎȍȘȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ șȖșțȌȣ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ țȒȘȈȠȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȖȌȍȊȈȍȔȣȍ ȎȘȍȞȈȔȐ Ȋ ȖșȖȉȖ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȕȐ ǶȉȈ
ȗȖȝȐȚȐȚȍȓȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȉȠȈȘȐȊȈȓȐ ȒȓȈȌȖȊțȦ Ȋ ȗȖȐșȒȈȝ șȍȒȘȍȚ-
ȕȣȝ ȉțȔȈȋ
ǾȐ-ǴȖ ȒȖȗȈȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȈȊȖȔ țȋȓț ȏȈȋȓțȠȍȕȕȖ ȊșȒȘȐȒ-
ȕțȓ dzȤȊȖȊ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț. Ƕȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȔțșȒțȓȐșȚȣȑ
ȒȐȚȈȍȞ șȒȓȖȕȧȍȚșȧ ȕȈȌ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȑ șȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȠȒȈȚțȓȒȖȑ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȕȍȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȖȏȍ DzȐșȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȘțȒȐ ȚȍȘȧȍȚșȧ
ȔȍȎȌț șȚȍȕȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȊȠȍȑșȧ ȒȘȣȠȒȖȑ ǷȖ ȠȍȘȖȝȖ-
ȊȈȚȣȔ șȚȍȕȒȈȔ ȧȡȐȒȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȚȍȒȈȦȚ șȚȘțȑȒȐ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ
ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȐ
dzȤȊȖȊ ȗȖȕȧȓ ǾȐ-ǴȖ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ Ȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȔ ȧȡȐ-
Ȓȍ Ȑ ȗȣȚȈȧșȤ șȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȑȔȈȕ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȏȔȖȔ ȗȘȐ-
șȗȖșȖȉȓȍȕȕȣȔ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȚȈȒȐȝ șȓțȟȈȍȊ — ȐȕȌțșșȒȐȍ

47
ȝȘȈȕȐȓȐȡȈ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖșȚȍȑ șȓȈȊȧȚșȧ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ ȗȘȐșȗȖșȖȉȓȍ-
ȕȐȧȔȐ ǵț ȟȚȖ Ȏ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȈ țȟȈșȚȤ ȌȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȌȘțȋȖȔț
dzȤȊȖȊ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȊȊȍȓ Ȋ ȡȍȓȤ șȚȊȖȓ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȈ Ȑ șȐȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȌȍȘȕțȓ ȘțȟȒț ǪȕțȚȘȐ ȠȒȈȚțȓȒȐ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȏȊȧȒȕțȓȖ ȒȘȣȠ-
ȒȈ ȖȚȒȐȕțȓȈșȤ ȊȉȖȒ ǾȐ-ǴȖ ȖȚșȒȖȟȐȓ ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȧ Ȓ șȍȘȣȔ
ȋțȉȈȔ ȐȏțȘȖȌȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ dzȤȊȖȊ șȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȧȡȐȒț
ǬȖȒțȔȍȕȚ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȊȕțȚȘȐ
Ƕȕ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȓ ȚȖȕȒȐȑ ȉȍȓȖșȕȍȎȕȣȑ ȓȐșȚ șȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȕȣȑ
ȊȕȐȏț ȌȊțȔȧ ȗȍȟȈȚȧȔȐ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȚȍȒșȚ ǺȖ șȈȔȖȍ
Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȐ «ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ» ȅȚȖ —

48
ȞȍȓȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ Ȍȓȧ țȔȍȦȡȍȋȖ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ǹȗȘȧȚȈȚȤ
ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ǻșȓȣȠȈȊ ȏȈ șȗȐȕȖȑ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȒȘȐȒ Ȑ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȍ ȚȧȎȍ-
ȓȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ Ȗȕ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȌȍȘȎȈ ȗȈȓȍȞ ȕȈ ȎȍșȚȒȖȑ șȖ-
ȉȈȟȒȍ
ǾȐ-ǴȖ — ȎȍȓȚȍȦȡȐȑ ȊȍȓȐȒȈȕ Ȋ ȌȖȘȖȎȕȖȔ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ — ȓȍ-
ȎȈȓ șȒȖȘȟȐȊȠȐșȤ șȎȐȔȈȧ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȓȍȊȖȑ ȖȒȘȖȊȈȊȓȍȕ-
ȕțȦ ȗȘȈȊțȦ ȘțȒț ǹȒȓȖȕȐȚȤșȧ ȉȓȐȎȍ dzȐȞȖ ȓȍȎȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȗȖ-
șȐȕȍȓȖ Ȑ ȊșȗțȝȓȖ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȖșȒȈȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȔȈșȒȖȑ ǴȍȝȈ-
ȕȐȏȔ ȠȒȈȚțȓȒȐ ȉȣȓ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕ ǹȐȓȤȕȖȌȍȑșȚȊțȦȡȐȑ ȧȌ ȉȣ-
șȚȘȖ ȘȈșȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ș ȕȍȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȣȔ
dzȤȊȖȊ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓșȧ Ǫ ȍȋȖ țȔȍ șȘȈȏț ȗȘȖȕȍșșȧ ȕȍșȚȘȖȑ-
ȕȣȑ ȘȧȌ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȗȓȈȕȖȊ ǿȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ" ǪȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ
Ȓ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȣȔ Ȋ ȏȈȓȍ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȈȚȤșȧ ȓȐȠȍȕȐȧȔ Ȑ
ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȧȔ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȟȍȋȖ ȐȓȐ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȖȌȕȖȔț ș Ȟȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȌȈȚȤ ȏȈ
ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ șțȔȔț" ǷȍȘȊȖȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȋȓțȗȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȍ ȚȘțȌȕȖȊȣ-
ȗȖȓȕȐȔȖ ȕȖ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ Ǩ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȣȍ Ȋ
ȉȍȌȍ" ǪȖ-ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȖȕȐ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ Ȉ ȊȖ-ȊȚȖȘȣȝ ȘȐșȒ Ȍȓȧ ȕȐȝ
ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊ Ȋ ȖȉȖȐȝ șȓțȟȈȧȝ ǹȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ ȞȈȘȈȗȕțȓȈ
ȔȣșȓȤ Ȗ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȍȔȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȍ ǵȖ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȗțșȚȧȒȐ
dzȤȊȖȊ șțȕțȓ ȉțȔȈȋț ȏȈ ȗȈȏțȝț ȘȈșșȖȊȈȓ ȗȖ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈȔ ȕȍ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȝ ȊȍȡȐȞ șȚȧȕțȓ ȗȖȚțȎȍ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȑ ȗȖȧș ȝȈ-
ȓȈȚȈ Ȑ șȝȊȈȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ȏȈ ȒȘȈȑ ȓȦȒȈ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȊȣȗȘȣȋȕțȓ ȕȈȘț-
Ȏț ǽȖȌ ȊȍȌțȡȐȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȘȐȍȔȕțȦ ǩțȌȌȣ ȖȚȘȍȏȈȕ Ȍȓȧ ȉȍȋșȚ-
ȊȈ ǶșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȊȣșȖȒȖȍ ȖȒȕȖ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȏȈȓȈ Ƕȕ Ȋȣȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ
ȌȊȖȘȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȐ
ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȍȔȍ «ȎȐȊȖȋȖ ǩțȌȌȣ» dzȤȊȖȊ șȖșȒȖ-
ȟȐȓ ș ȗȖȓțȚȖȘȈȈȘȠȐȕȕȖȑ ȊȣșȖȚȣ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȒȘȈșȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȌȊȍ-
ȘȧȔǷȘȐȊȘȈȚȕȐȒ șȐȌȍȓ șȋȖȘȉȐȊȠȐșȤ șȗȐȕȖȑ Ȓ ȌȊȖȘȞț ȗȘȍ-
ȌȈȊȈȧșȤ ȉȓȈȋȖȟȍșȚȐȊȖȔț ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȦ ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȔț Ȍȓȧ
ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȐșȚȖȋȖ ȉțȌȌȐșȚȈ ǸțȟȒȈ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȈ ș șȐȓȖȑ ȖȗțșȚȐ-
ȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȉȘȐȚȣȑ ȏȈȚȣȓȖȒ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȉȍȏ șȚȖȕȈ șȊȈȓȐȓșȧ ȕȈȉȖȒ
ǶȚȞȍȗȐȚȤ ș ȊȖȓȖșȧȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȧșȈ ȒȓȦȟ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ
ȊȖȘȖȚȈ ȊȣȊȍșȚȐ ȕȈȘțȎț Ȋșȍȝ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ Ȑ ȊșȒȖȟȐȊ ȕȈ ȖȌȕț
Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȋȖȕȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȗțșȚȐȚȤșȧ ȗȖ țȏȒȖȑ
ȚȘȖȗȍ ȕȈȌ ȚțȔȈȕȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤȦ — ȉȣȓȖ țȎȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȐȓȐ Ȕȍ-

ȕȍȍ ȕȍșȓȖȎȕȣȔ ȌȍȓȖȔ
ǩȍșȍȌțȧ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ș ȉȣȊȠȐȔȐ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈȔȐ ȗȖ ȗțȚȍ-
ȠȍșȚȊȐȦ dzȤȊȖȊ ȘȈȏțȏȕȈȓ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ
ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȧ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȐȌțȡȐȝ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȌȖȘȖȋ Ƕȕ șȒȈ-
ȒȈȓ Ȋ ǩȘȐȚȈȕșȒțȦ ǰȕȌȐȦ — ȗȘȖȌȈȚȤ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ ǨȕȋȓȐȐ ǨȔȍ-
ȘȐȒȍ ȐȓȐ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ șȚȘȈȕȍ ȗȘȐ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȘȈȝ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȤȠȍȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȏȖȓȖȚȈ Ȑ ȉȈȕ-
ȒȖȊȣȝ ȉȐȓȍȚȖȊ

51
ȅȎȟȠȪ III
ǰ DZǼǾǮȃ ȀǶǯdzȀǮ
1. ǷȘȐȍȔ ț ȎȐȊȖȋȖ ǩțȌȌȣ
ȅȚȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ Ȗ ǺȐȉȍȚȍ Ȗ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑ ȖȗȈșȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȒ-
ȓȦȟȍȕȐȧȝ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ ȔțȎȟȐȕ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȏȈȉȘȖȠȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ Ȋ ȋȓțȝȐȍ ȋȖȘȣ ȞȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȑ ǨȏȐȐ ǸȈșșȒȈȏ Ȗ șȒȈȟȒȈȝ ȗȖ-
ȋȖȕȧȝ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȕȣȝ ȗȍȘȍșȚȘȍȓȒȈȝ — ȖȉȖ ȊșȍȔ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒ
ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȣȌțȔȣȊȈȦȚ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȘȖȔȈȕȐșȚȣ Ȑ ȟȚȖ
ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȍȗȖȌȕȖșȐȚ ȕȈȔ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǵȖ
ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȍȘȍȑȚȐ Ȓ șȈȔȖȔț ȘȈșșȒȈȏț ȊȣȧșȕȐȔ ȊȖȗȘȖș
ȐȔȍȦȡȐȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǰȔȍȕȕȖ
ȒȖȋȖ șȟȐȚȈȍȚ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȔ ȋȍȘȖȍȔ ȊșȍȋȖ ȘȖȔȈȕȈ"
— DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȏȍ Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋȈ — ȊȖȏȔțȚȐȚșȧ ȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȑ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ ǷȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖ ǵȖ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȔ
ȓȐ Ȕȣ șȍȉȍ ȧșȕȖ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȑ ȊȐȌ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ"
ǪȖȚ Ȗȕ șȚȖȐȚ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈȔȐ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȕȖȔ ȚȐȉȍȚșȒȖȔ ȒȖș-
ȚȦȔȍ ȗȍȘȍȚȧȕțȚȖȑ ȘȍȔȕȍȔ ȔȍȝȖȊȖȑ ȒțȘȚȒȍ Ȋ Țȍȗȓȣȝ ȠȚȈ-
ȕȈȝ Ȑ șȈȗȖȋȈȝ-ȊȈȓȍȕȒȈȝ ǭȋȖ ȉȘȖȕȏȖȊȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ș ȕȐȏȒȐȔ Ȋȣ-
ȗțȒȓȣȔ ȓȉȖȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȒȈȘȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȚȖȓșȚȣȔ ȕȖșȖȔ
— ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȖȔ ȖșȖȉȖȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ Ȋ ǺȐȉȍȚȍ — ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȖ Ȋȣ-
ȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȍȕȕȖșȚȐ
ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȊ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ Ȕȣ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȝ
ȌȍȑșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ ȓȐȞ ȘȖȔȈȕȈ Ȕȣ ȕȍ țȌȐȊȐȔșȧ ȚȈȒȖȔț ȗȖȓȖ-
ȎȍȕȐȦ Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋȈ ǪȍȌȤ Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȚȤ ȎȐȊȖȑ ȒȈȘ-
ȚȐȕȣ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȊȠȍȑșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȐȍȔȕȖȔ ȏȈȓȍ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȧ ǩȈȖ-
ǬțȕDzȖȋȌȈ dzȤȊȖȊ Ȑ ǾȐ-ǴȖ ȗȖȌ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȚȐȍȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ
ȕȈ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȖȊ ȗȘȖȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕ-
ȕȍȔț ȊȝȖȌț Ȑ șȒȘȣȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȚȘȖȍ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȘȍȎ-
ȕȍȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ șȗȐȕȈ Ȓ șȗȐȕȍ ș țșȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȕȣȔ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ
șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȖȘțȎȐȍȔ DzȈȘȚȐȕț ȌȖȗȖȓȕȧȓ ȧȘȒȐȑ șȊȍȚ ȏȈȓȐȊȈȊ-
ȠȐȑ — ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕțȦ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț Ȋ ȌȖȘȖȎȕȖȔ ȒȖșȚȦȔȍ Ȑșȗț-

52
ȋȈȕȕȖ șȚȖȓȗȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȝ ȓȈȔ Ȑ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ ȚȘȖȕ
ș șȐȌȧȡȐȔ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȔ ȗȖȚȖȔȒȖȔ ȉȖȋȈ
ǵȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȤȧ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ ǰ ȟȍȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȑȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȍȔ
ȧșȕȍȑ Ȑ ȧȘȟȍ ȊȣȘȈșȚȈȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȘȍȔȧ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȉȍȏ-
ȊȣȝȖȌȕȖșȚȤ șȖȏȌȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ
ǭșȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ țȠȍȌȠȐȍ ȏȈ ȉțȔȈȋȖȑ ȕȈȑȌțȚ ȍȍ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕțȚșȧ
ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖ — ȒȈȒ ȊȣȑȚȐ Ȑȏ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉȕȖȑ ȚȖȓȗȖȑ" ǰ ȍșȓȐ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȖ
— ȘȈȏȊȍ ȎȘȍȞȣ ǩȈȖ-ǬțȕȈ ȕȍ șțȔȍȦȚ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȋȖȕȦ
—ȖȚȕȧȚȤ ț ȗȖȝȐȚȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȑ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ"
ǺȈȒ ȌțȔȈȓȐ ȚȘȖȍ ȖșȚȈȊȠȐȝșȧ Ȑ șȚȈȓȤ ȖȘțȎȐȧ șȚȈȕȖȊȐ-
ȓȈșȤ ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȑ Ȉ ȓȐȞȈ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȐȝ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ
ȏȓȖȊȍȡȐȔȐ Ȑ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȣȔȐ ǵȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȓȐ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȉȖ-
ȓȍȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖȍ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȚȤ ȓȐ șȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȚȤșȧ" ǵȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ ȓȐ" ǵȍ ȖȗțșȒȈȧ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȈ ȌȐȗ-
ȓȖȔȈȚȐȟȕȣȑ ȀȈȕȋ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ ȚȖȓșȚȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ Ȓ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔț șȐ-
ȌȍȕȤȦ ǩțȌȌȣ
Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȐȌȧȡȐȑ ȕȈ ȚȘȖȕȍ ȚȖȎȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȘȐ-
ȏȕȈȒȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǵȈ ȍȋȖ ȎȍȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȗȖȓțȌȍȚșȒȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ Ȋșȍ
șȐȓȤȕȍȑ ȗȘȖșȚțȗȈȓ ȖȚȗȍȟȈȚȖȒ ȋȕȍȊȈ Ƕȕ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǿțȎȍȏȍȔȞȣ ǴȣșȓȐ ȔȖȐ ȒȘțȎȈȚșȧ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȐșȗțȋȈȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȗȚȐȞȈȔ ȕȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȡȐȔ ȋȕȍȏȌ DzȚȖ Ȋȣ" ǯȈȟȍȔ țȉȐȓȐ
ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȍȋȖ șȓțȋț" ǯȈȟȍȔ țȋȘȖȎȈȍȚȍ ȖȘțȎȐȍȔ" ǯȕȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ
Ȋȣ ȟȚȖ șȚȖȐȚȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȊșȍȔȖȋțȡȍȋȖ ȉȖȋȈ"
ȀȈȕȋ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȕȍȎȕȣȔ Ȑ ȊȒȘȈȌȟȐȊȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— Ƕ ȞȈȘȤ ȞȈȘȍȑ Ȑ ȊȖȗȓȖȡȍȕȐȍ ȕȍȉȍșȕȖȋȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ
Ǻȣ ȗȘȈȊ — ȗȖșȚțȗȖȒ ȕȈȠ șȚȘȈȕȍȕ Ȑ ȕȍȖșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍȓȍȕ ǵȖ Ȕȣ
ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȚȤ ȐȕȈȟȍ ǵȈȔ ȕțȎȍȕ ȚȖȚ șȊȐȚȖȒ ȗȘȐșȓȈȕ-
ȕȣȑ Ȑȏ ǷȍȒȐȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȝȘȈȕȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȚȊȖȍȑ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȕȐȞȍ
ǪȏȈȔȍȕ ȍȋȖ Țȍȉȍ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȗȘȐȊȍȏȍȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȕȈȔȐ ǷȘȖșȚȐ ȕȈș ǷȖȏȊȖȓȤ ȕȈȔ ȊȏȧȚȤ ȉțȔȈȋț Ȑ ȉȓȈȋȖ-
ȗȖȓțȟȕȖ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȤ ȚȊȖȑ ȝȘȈȔ
ǩțȌȌȈ ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȖ Ȑ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ǩțȔȈȋȈ" Ǫ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȕȐȞȍ" ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȕȐ Ȗ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȉț-
ȔȈȋȍ
ǶșȚȈȊȈȧșȤ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȔ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȓȈȔȈ ț ȚȘȖȕȈ ȗȘȖ-
ȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ǴȖȓȖȌȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ «ȉȖȋȈ» ȗȍȘȍȌȍȘȕțȓȖșȤ ȘȈȏȌ-
ȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ

53
— Ǫȣ șȖȓȋȈȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȟțȎȍȏȍȔȞȣ ǴȖȑ șȚȈȘȠȐȑ ȎȘȍȞ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȚ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȕȍȚ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȕȐȞȍ ǵȐ-
ȟȚȖ ȏȍȔȕȖȍ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȒȈșȈȚȤșȧ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȓțȝȈ
ǵȖ ȧ ȝȖȟț ȏȕȈȚȤ ȗȘȈȊȌț ǯȈȟȍȔ Ȋȣ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ șȦȌȈ" ǷțșȚȤ
ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȊȈș țȉȐȑȞȣ ș ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔȐ ȘțȎȤȧȔȐ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚ Ȕȕȍ
ȥȚȖǯȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋ DzȖȘȍȕȈșȚȣȑ ȚȐȉȍȚȍȞ ȠȈȋȕțȓ Ȓ ȚȘȖ-
ȕț ǩțȌȌȣ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȊ ȚȖȓȗț ȎȘȍȞȖȊ ȗȖȌȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈȏȈȌ
— Ǵȣ ȕȍ șȖȓȋȈȓȐ Țȍȉȍ Ȗ ǩțȌȌȈ ȅȚȖ ȚȊȖȑ șȖȊȍȚȕȐȒ Ȗȉ-
ȔȈȕȣȊȈȍȚ Țȍȉȧ șȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȐșȚȐȕț ǪȣșȓțȠȈȑ ȚȘȐȎȌȣ ȉȓȈȋȖ-
șȓȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ ȥȚȐȝ ȉțȔȈȋ
— Ǻȍȉȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ DzȐȚȈȑ — șȚȘȈȕȈ, ȉȓȐȏ-
ȒȈȧ Ȓ ȚȊȖȍȔț ȎȐȓȐȡț — șȚȖȕȍȚ ȗȖȌ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤȦ ȐȕȖȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ
ȐȋȈ ǯȓȖȉȕȣȍ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȣ — Țȍ șȈȔȣȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋ ȋȖȌȣ
ǪȖȌȧȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȑȞȈ Ȑ ǬȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȖȋȖ ȌȘȈȒȖȕȈ* ȊȚȖȘȋȓȐșȤ Ȋ ǺȐȉȍȚ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȤȦȚ ȒȘȖȊȤ Ȑȏ ȎȐȓ ȗȖȘȈȉȖȡȍȕȕȖȑ ǰȕȌȐȐ ȗȘȐȌȈ-
ȊȐȓȐ ȒȈȉȓțȒȖȔ ȠȍȦ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ DzȐȚȈȑșȒȐȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ
șȐȓȍȕ Ȑ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ șȉȘȖșȐȚȤ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȗȖȘȈȉȖȚȐȚȍȓȍȑ ǵȖ ȐȕȖȏȍȔ-
Ȟȣ ȝȐȚȘȣ ǶȕȐ ȗȖșȍȧȓȐ ȘȈȏȌȖȘȣ ȔȍȎȌț ȊȖȍȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȈȔȐ
șȚȘȈȕȣ Ȑ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȧȧ ȊȘȈȎȌȈ ȐșȚȖȡȈȍȚ șȐȓȣ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ
— ǰ ȊȖȚ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȗȖȚȖȔȖȒ ȉȖȋȈ ȍșȚȤ Ȋ DzȐȚȈȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ ȝȖȚȧȚ șȖȍȌȐȕȐȚȤ ȊȘȈȎȌțȦȡȐȝ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤ Ȑȝ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ
ȉȍȓȣȝ ȝȖȏȧȍȊ ǬȊȈ ȔȖȡȕȣȝ ȊȖȎȌȧ țȎȍ ȗȖȌȗȈȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȊȓȈșȚȤ
«ȌȍȚȍȑ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ» ǺȘȍȚȐȑ — șȈȔȣȑ ȔȖȋțȟȐȑ — ȕȍ
ȗȖȌȌȈȍȚșȧ Ȑȝ țȋȖȊȖȘȈȔ
— Ǫ ȚȊȖȍȑ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȕȐȞȍ ȝȘȈȕȐȚșȧ ȉțȔȈȋȈ ȐȔȍȧ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘțȦ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ȕȈȌ ȥȚȐȔ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȖȌȞȍȔ ȅȚȈ
ȉțȔȈȋȈ ȕțȎȕȈ «ȌȍȚȧȔ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ» ǹ ȕȍȑ ȖȕȐ șȔȖȋțȚ
șȖȍȌȐȕȐȚȤ șșȖȘȧȡȐȝșȧ Ȑ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȤ ȏȍȓȍȕȍȦȡțȦ șȚȘȈȕț Ǫ
ȊȖȓȍ ȚȊȖȐȝ ȋțȉ — ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȐȍ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ Ȗ ǩțȌȌȈ
ǹȐȕȋ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓ ǴȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ «ȎȐȊȖȋȖ ȉȖȋȈ» Ȋȣ-
ȘȈȎȈȓȖ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȕȍȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ƕȕ țșȐȓȍȕȕȖ Ȍț-
ȔȈȓ — ȏȈȕȧȚȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȕȍ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ șȖȊȔȍșȚȐȔȖ ș ȗȖȊșȍȌ-
ȕȍȊȕȣȔȐ ȌȍȓȈȔȐ ȉȖȋȈ ǯȈȉȣȊ ȖȉȣȟȕțȦ ȔȍȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȗȕ
șȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
* ɉɨ-ɬɧɛɟɬɫɤɢ - ɝɨɞɵ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɨɟɧɧɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɞɢɰɢɹ ɚɧɝɥɢɱɚɧ ɜɬɨɪ-
ɝɥɚɫɶ ɜ Ɍɢɛɟɬ

54
— ǷȘȐȠȍȓȍȞ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Țȣ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȖȊȖ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ Ǻȣ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȠȤ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ șȚȘȈȌȈȍȚ ȖȚ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȖȊ ǴȖȐ
ȎȘȍȞȣ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȖ ȥȚȖ ǰ Țȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȠȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȈ
ȉțȔȈȋȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ ȊȈȔ ǺȈȒ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ ȍȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȋȖȕȐ ȚȊȖ-
ȘȧȡȐȝ ȏȓȖ
ǹȐȕȋ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ ǺȈȒȈȧ ȕȈȐȊȕȖșȚȤ ǺȖȟȕȖ ȚȈȒȐȍ Ȋȍ-
ȡȐ ȌȍȓȈȦȚșȧ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȔȈȕȖȊȍȕȐȍȔ ȘțȒȐ ǪȖȓȧ ȎȘȍȞȖȊ ȌȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȍ
— ǺȊȖȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ ȔȈȓȖ Ȗ ȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ Ǵȣ ȕȍ
ȏȕȈȍȔ ȋȌȍ ȉțȔȈȋȈ ǬȊȖȍ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȠȐȝ ș ȕȈȔȐ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȐșȒȈȚȤ
ȍȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȧȚ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ ǷȘȐȒȈȎȐ ȚȊȖȐȔ șȓțȋȈȔ ȗȘȐȕȍș-
ȚȐ ȍȍ șȦȌȈ
ǩțȌȌȈ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȏȕȈȒ ȕȖ ȓȈȔȈ ț ȚȘȖȕȈ ȕȍ
ȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ ș ȔȍșȚȈ Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȏțȉȣ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
țȋȘȦȔȣȝ ȜȘȈȏ ǹȍȘȌȐȚȣȑ ȘȖȗȖȚ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓ șȘȍȌȐ șȚȖȓȗȐȊ-
ȠȐȝșȧ ȊȕȐȏț ǩțȌȌȈ ȒȈȗȘȐȏȕȖ ȖȚȒȐȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȘȍȏȕțȦ șȗȐȕ-
Ȓț
— ǴȖȑ șȚȈȘȠȐȑ ȎȘȍȞ șȕȖȊȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȉțȔȈȋȐ
ȕȍȚ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȔ ȝȘȈȔȍ Ƕȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȗȖȌȖșȓȈȕȣ ȓȖȎ-
ȕȣȔ ǩțȌȌȖȑ Ȑȏ dzȝȈșȣ Ȑ ȊȈȠȍ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȍ — țȉȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ǵȍ
ȗȘȈȊ ȓȐ Ȗȕ" ǶȚȌȈȑȚȍ ȊȈȠȍ ȖȘțȎȐȍ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȚȍ
șȊȖȦ ȗȘȖșȤȉț
ǪȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȈȔȐ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ ǰȝ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȖ
ȘȈȏȘȈșȚȈȓȖșȤ ǷȖȌȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ ȊȣȌȈȦȡȐȑ
șȍȉȧ ȏȈ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȖ — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȋȘțȠȒȈ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȥȒșȗȓțȈȚȐȘțȦ-
ȡȐȝ ȍȋȖ ȎȘȍȞȖȊ ǶȕȐ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȍ ȝȖȏȧȍȊȈ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȧ ȒȖȕȍȟ-
ȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȈȌțȚ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȈ Ǩ dzȤȊȖȊ Ȑ ǾȐ-ǴȖ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȦȚ-
șȧ ǵȍ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȏȓȈșȤ ȓȐ ȏȈȗȈȌȕȧ Ȋ ȝȔțȘȣȝ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȈȝ ȌȘȍȊ-
ȕȍȋȖ ȝȘȈȔȈ"
ǶȕȐ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ș ȔȣșȓȧȔȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȝȖȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȑ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȐșȝȖȌ ǷȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȒȘȐȒ șȏȈȌȐ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ Ȋșȍȝ
ȖȉȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ ȒȖ ȊȝȖȌț Ȋ ȏȈȓ
ǺȈȔ șȚȖȧȓ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȎȘȍȞ ș ȗȖȌȕȧȚȖȑ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȍȑ
ȘțȒȖȑ ǩȍșȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȗȕ ȊȣȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȓ ȖȚȌȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȍ ȜȘȈȏȣ
— ǹȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȕȐȞȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȈ — Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȚȘțȗ ȟțȎȖȋȖ ǩȘȈȚ-
ȗȘȐȊȘȈȚȕȐȒ țȉȐȚ ǻȉȐȑȞȈ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȍ ȊȖȘȖȚȈ
Ƕȕ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ ȟțȎȍȏȍȔȞȍȊ

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ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ țȎȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȗȖȒȐȕț-
Țȣȍ ǰȝ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȉȍȓȖȓȐȞȣȑ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȍȔ
ǯȈȉȣȊ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ǹȐȕȋ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ ǵȖ ȔȋȕȖ-
ȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȉȖȓȤ Ȋ ȏȈȚȣȓȒȍ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ țȗȈșȚȤ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ
ǵȈȕȍșȠȈȧ țȌȈȘ ȎȍȘȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȟȈȠȈ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȈȧ ȊȣșȖȒȐȔ
ȓȈȔȖȑ ȏȊȍȕȧ, ȖȚȒȈȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț DzȈȒ șȒȊȖȏȤ șȖȕ ǹȐȕȋ
ȊȐȌȍȓ ȚȖȓȗț ȉȖȘȦȡȐȝșȧ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȖȒțȚȈȕȕȣȝ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȕȣȔ
ȌȣȔȖȔ ǪȐȌȍȓ ȎȍȕșȒțȦ ȜȐȋțȘț ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȊȠțȦșȧ ȊȌȖȓȤ
șȚȍȕȣ Ȑ șȒȘȣȊȠțȦșȧ ȏȈ ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȖȔ ȊȣȝȖȌȈ ǹȓȣȠȈȓ ȘȈșȒȈ-
Țȣ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȊ Ȑ ȧȘȖșȚȕȣȍ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȓȈȔ Ǩ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȧșȕȐȓȖșȤ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ șȚȖȧȡȐȔ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȈȔȣȔ ȚȘȖȕȖȔ.
ǿȍȚȊȍȘȖ ȓȈȔ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȎȐȔȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȐȏȉȐȚȣȍ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȗȓȍȟȐ
ǭȋȖ șȖȖȉȡȕȐȒȐ — ȀȈȕȋ Ȑ Ȇ-ǨȖ-Ǿȧȕ — ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȈ-
ȒȖȔ Ȏȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ Ƕȕ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȊȠȐșȤ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȏȈȔȍȠȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ ȎȘȍȞȣ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȟțȎȍșȚȘȈȕȞȍȊ
Ȑ ȞȍȕȖȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȎȐȏȕȍȑ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȗȓȍȕ
 ǷȘȐȋȖȊȖȘ
ǴȧȋȒȖȍ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȗȍșȚȘȣȔȐ ȗȖȌțȠȒȈȔȐ șȐȌȍȕȤȍ ȚȘȖȕȈ
ȉȣȓȖ ȗțșȚȖ ǷȘȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ Ȏȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȈȝ șȊȈȓȒȐ ȌȊȖȍ ȉȓȐȎ-
ȕȐȝ ȓȈȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ ȕȈ ȘțȒȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȖșȓțȠȕȖȋȖ ȉȖȋȈ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ
ȉȍȋȖȔ țȕȍșȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȊȖ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȍ ȗȖȒȖȐ ǵȖ ȊȣșȠȈȧ ȏȈȒȖ-
ȕȖȌȈȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ șȐȓȈ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈȓȐȞȖ
ǴȘȈȟȕȣȑ șȖȊȍȚȟȐȒ ǩțȌȌȣ — ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȔȖȕȈȝ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȗȘȐȍȔȈ șȒȓȖȕȧȊȠȐȑșȧ ț ȚȘȖȕȈ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍ-
ȕȐȐ Ȑ șȍȑȟȈș Ǫșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȝȊȈȚȒȐ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖșȚȖȧȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ
ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ ȊȖȏȌȍȊ ȒȖșȚȓȧȊȣȍ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ țșȚȘȍȔȐȊ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȋ țȏȖȘ-
ȟȈȚȣȑ ȗȖȚȖȓȖȒ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȚȘȖȐȝ țȗȐȘȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȖȌ-
ȚȈȡȐȓȐ Ȓ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȐȦ Ȗȕ ȍȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȕȍ
ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓ Ȑȝ ȗȘȍȌȈȊȈȧșȤ ȉȍȏȔȖȓȊȕȖȑ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȍ
ǰȏ ȍȋȖ șȔȖȘȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȊȈȓȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȋțȉ țșȓȣȠȈȓȐ șȊȖȑ
ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘ ȚȘȖȍ «ȌȍȚȍȑ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ»:
« ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȉțȌțȡȈȧ ȎȍȕȈ “ȚȘȐȎȌȣ ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ”,
țșȗȍȓȈ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ǺȘȖȍ ȉȘȈȚȤȍȊ-ȓȈȔ ȊȖȏȤȔțȚ ȗȖ șȈȔȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȑ
ȓȖȠȈȌȐ Ȑ ȗȖȍȌțȚ ȕȈ ȗȖȐșȒȐ ǿȍȚȊȍȘȚȣȑ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȚ Ȗ ȉȍȋșȚȊȍ

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Ȋșȍȝ ȋȖȘȕȣȝ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȎȐȊțȡȐȝ ȗȖȉȓȐȏȖșȚȐ “ȊȍȘ-
ȕȣȝ”».
ǿȍȚȊȍȘȖ ȔȖȕȈȝȖȊ ȖȚȌȍȓȐȓȐșȤ ȖȚ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ
ȗȖȒȐȕțȓȐ ȏȈȓ
« ȀȍșȚȍȘȖ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȉȘȈȚȤȍȊ ȚȖȎȍ ȖșȍȌȓȈȦȚ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ
ȍȝȈȚȤ Ȋ ȗȖȋȖȕȦ ȏȈ ȊȖȘȖȔ ȉțȔȈȋ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ șȗȈșȚȐșȤ
ȐȕȈȟȍ ȚȈȑȕȣ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȧ ǩȈȖ-Ǭțȕ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ șȔȍȘȚȕȣȔ
ȗȖȓțȟȈȚ ȖȋȓȈșȒț ǰȕȈȟȍ șȍȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȔșȚȐȚȤ
ȕȍ șțȔȍȊȠȐȔ țȉȍȘȍȟȤ ȉțȔȈȋț».
Ǫșȍ ȓȈȔȣ șȒȓȖȕȐȓȐ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȍ ȔȈȒțȠȒȐ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȧ
ȔȕȍȕȐȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȡȍȋȖ
« ǩȍȋȓȍȞ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ Ȋ ǬȖȘȌȎȐȓȐȈȕ — Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ
ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȋȖ șȒȈȟțȡȐȔ ȉȘȈȚ ȗȘȐȕȍșȠȐȑ ȐȏȊȍș-
ȚȐȍ ǵȖ ȏȈȘȖȒ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ǩțȌȌȣ ȏȈȗȘȍȚȐȓ țȉȐȑșȚȊȖ ǵȐ ȖȌȐȕ
Ȑȏ șȓțȎȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȉȖȋȈ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȖȚȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋ ȕȖ-
ȊȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȑȚȐ Ȋ ȕȍȟȐșȚȣȍ ȖȉȖȓȖȟȒȐ ȎȈȉȣ
șȒȖȘȗȐȖȕȈ ȐȓȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ»
ǷȓȍȕȕȐȒȐ ȏȈȚȈȐȓȐ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ǺȈȒ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ Ȑȝ ȕȍ țȉȤȦȚ
ȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȉȓȈȋȖȟȍșȚȐȊȣȑ ȓȈȔȈ"
« DzȖȋȌȈ ȉȘȈȚȤȧ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȧȚ ȊȖȘȈ ȍȋȖ șȊȧȎțȚ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȊȧȚ ȕȈ
ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ șȕȍȋȖȊȣȝ ȊȍȘȠȐȕ ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ șȓțȎȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȌȖȎȌȍȚșȧ
ȗȖȒȈ ȌțȠȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȐȕȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȖ Ǭȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȚȘȖȍ
ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȕȍ ȔȍȠȈȓȐ ȗȖȋȖȕȍ
 ǵȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ șȒȖȘȍȑȠȍȑ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ ȖșȒ-
ȊȍȘȕȐȚȍȓȍȑ șȊȧȚȣȕȐ ǰȝ ȌȖșȚȈȊȧȚ ȕȈ ȖȉȘȣȊ ȋȖȘȣ ǺȈȕ-Ǿȣ Ȑ
ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȧȚ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ ǬȈ șȊȍȘȠȐȚșȧ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔȐ șțȌ ȉȖȋȖȊ»
ȀȍșȚȤ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȝ Ȑ șȊȐȘȍȗȣȝ ș ȊȐȌț ȓȈȔ ȗȖȌȕȧ-
ȓȐ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ ȕȈ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖȚȈȡȐȓȐ Ȑȝ ȕȈȘțȎț
ǯȌȍșȤ țȎȍ șȚȖȧȓ ȘȧȌ ȖșȍȌȓȈȕȕȣȝ ȔȖȝȕȈȚȣȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ
ǺȘȖȍ ȟȓȍȕȖȊ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȐ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȎȈȓȐ Ȓ ȕȐȏȒȐȔ ȊȖ-
ȘȖȚȈȔ Ȑ ȌȘțȋ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ Ȋ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ ȌȣȘȍ ȀȍșȚȍȘȖ
ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ țșȈȌȐȓȐ ȀȈȕȋȈ Ȇ-ǨȖ-ǾȧȕȈ Ȑ Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋȈ ȕȈ ȕȍ-
ȖșȍȌȓȈȕȕȣȝ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ șȊȧȏȈȊ Ȑȝ ȡȐȒȖȓȒȐ ȗȖȌ ȒȖșȔȈȚȣȔȐ
ȒȖȕșȒȐȔȐ ȉȘȦȝȈȔȐ ǫȖȕȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈ șȔȍȘȚȤ,
ȔȐȕȖȊȈȓȐ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ ȊȖȘȖȚ Ȑ ȚȖȎȍ ȊȣȍȝȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȈ-
ȘțȎȕțȦ ȐȏȊȐȓȐșȚțȦ ȚȘȖȗȐȕȒț 
ǺȈȒ ȉȍȏȖȚȘȈȌȕȖ ȒȖȕȟȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȧȚȐȍ ȗȧȚȍȘȣȝ «ȌȍȚȍȑ
ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ» ǶșȚȖȘȖȎȕȣȍ ȒȖȗȣȚȈ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ șțȝȖ ȗȖșȚțȒȐȊȈȓȐ

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ȗȖ țȏȒȖȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȐșȚȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȎȒȍ ǵȈȗȘȈȊȖ — ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȐȏ-
ȒȖ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ — ȠțȔȍȓ ȋȖȘȕȣȑ ȗȖȚȖȒ ȘȊȧșȤ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȘȈȏ-
ȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȍ șȒȈȓȣ șȊȍȘȝț ȒȈȏȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔȐ ȏȈȖșȚȘȍȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȖșȒȖȓȒȈȔȐ ǪȣȠȍ — ȕȈȓȍȊȖ — ȋȘȖȔȖȏȌȐȓȐșȤ șȍȘȖ-Ȏȍȓ-
Țȣȍ ȐȏȋȐȉȣ ȋȖȘ șȊȍȘȒȈȧ ȕȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȧȘȒȐȔȐ șȕȍȋȖȊȣȔȐ ȊȍȘ-
ȠȐȕȈȔȐ ȀȍșȚȍȘȖ ȔȖȕȈȝȖȊ-ȌȐȒȈȘȍȑ ș ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȘțȎȤȧȔȐ
ȗȍȘȍȒȐȕțȚȣȔȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȍȌȓȈ ȕȍțȒȓȦȎȍ ȚȘȧșȓȐșȤ ȌȘțȋ ȏȈ
ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȍȘȝȖȔ ȗȘȍȌȈȊȈȧșȤ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȘȈȏ-
ȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȧȔ ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȐȓȐ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȖȏȕȖȋȖ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȈ
ǶșțȎȌȍȕȕȣȍ ȍȝȈȓȐ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ țȔȍȍȚ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȟȈȚȤ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ș ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȣȔ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉȍșșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȣȔ Ȋȣ-
ȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȋȈȔȍȕȚȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ ǺȍȔ-
ȕȖȒȖȎȐȑ Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȖȧȓșȧ șȔȍȘȚȐ — ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑ-
ȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȗȓȖȚȕȖ șȎȈȚȣȍ ȋțȉȣ ȍȋȖ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȋȖ ȘȚȈ Ȑ ȏȖȘȒȐȍ
ȉȣșȚȘȣȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣ ȐșȗȖȌȓȖȉȤȧ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȌȖȊȖȓȤ-
ȕȖ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚșȧ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȑȌȍȚ șȍȑȟȈș — Ȓ
ȊȣȕțȎȌȍȕȕȖȔț ȗȘȣȎȒț ȕȈ ȖșȚȘȣȍ șȒȈȓȣ ș ȊȣșȖȚȣ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ
ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ șȈȎȍȕȍȑ
Ǩ ȥȚȖ — ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȖȍ — ȉȣȓȖ țȎȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ǷȍȘȍȌ-
ȕȧȧ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ Ǫ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȠȈȋȈȝ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ
ȊȐșȧȡȈȧ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ șȒȈȓȈ ȖȉȘȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ȊȕȐȏ Ȋ șȔțȚȕȣȑ ȊȖ-
ȌȖȊȖȘȖȚ ȟȍȘȕȍȦȡȐȝ ȊȕȐȏț ȒȈȔȕȍȑ ȅȚȖ — ȖȉȘȣȊ ǺȈȕ-Ǿȣ —
ȔȍșȚȖ ȒȈȏȕȍȑ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȧ ǩȈȖ-Ǭțȕ
ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȖȌșȒȈȒȈȓ Ȓ șȈȔȖȔț ȒȘȈȦ ǯȈȋȓȧȕțȓ
ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȈȔ ǹȗȍȠȐȊȠȐșȤ șȚȈȓ țȒțȚȣȊȈȚȤ
ȋȖȓȖȊț ȓȖȠȈȌȐ Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋȈ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ ȋȓțȝȐȔ ȉȈȠȓȣȒȖȔ ǷȧȚȍ-
ȘȖ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȚȖȎȍ șȖșȒȖȟȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȕȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ Ȓ ȖșțȎ-
ȌȍȕȕȣȔ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖ țȏȒȖȑ ȚȘȖȗȐȕȒȍ ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȍȘșȚ
ȦȎȕȍȍ Ȑ ȕȐȎȍ ȊȐȝȘȍȔ șȒȈȒȈȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȕȈȝȓȖȉțȟȍȕȕȖȑ Ȕȍ-
ȝȖȊȖȑ ȠȈȗȒȍ Ȋ ȚȍȗȓȖȑ ȖȌȍȎȌȍ ȔȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȈ-
ȋȖȘȞȈ ǰȏȘȍȌȒȈ Ȗȕ ȖȗțșȒȈȓ ȘțȒț ȏȈ ȗȈȏțȝț Ȑ ș țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ
ȖȡțȗȣȊȈȓ ȔȧȋȒțȦ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȉțȔȈȎȕȖȋȖ șȊȍȘȚȒȈ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȒȈ-
ȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȚȊȍȘȌȣȍ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȣ ǯȈȋȓȧȕțȊ ȗȖȌ ȉȍȓȣȑ
Ȕȍȝ ȠȈȗȒȐ Ȕȣ ȓȍȋȒȖ țȏȕȈȓȐ ȉȣ dzȤȊȖȊȈ ȚȈȒ țȌȈȟȕȖ ȗȘȖȊȍȘ-
ȕțȊȠȍȋȖ șȓȖȎȕțȦ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȦ ȒȘȈȎȐ șȍȒȘȍȚȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȈ
Ǩ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ț șȈȔȖȋȖ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȧ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȔ țȡȍ-
ȓȤȍ șȌȊȐȕțȚȖȔ ȗȖȌ ȚȍȔȕȣȔ ȘțȟȤȍȔ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȌȘțȋȖȍ

59
DzȖșȔȈȚȈȧ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ȉȍȏ șȍȌȖȒȈ ș șȍȌȓȖȔ șȉȐȊȠȐȔșȧ ȕȈȉȖȒ
șȚȖȧȓȈ ȗȖȕțȘȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț țșȍȘȌȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȎȍȊȣȊȈȧ ȒȖȘȖȚȒțȦ Ȏȍ-
șȚȒțȦ ȚȘȈȊț ǰȏ-ȏȈ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ
Ȋ ȔȍȠȒȖȊȈȚȖȔ ȚȐȉȍȚșȒȖȔ ȒȖșȚȦȔȍ ȅȚȖ — «ȕȍȊȍșȚȈ ǩțȌȌȣ»,
ȉȍȏȣȔȧȕȕȈȧ șȗțȚȕȐȞȈ ȗȧȚȍȘȣȝ «ȌȍȚȍȑ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ»,
ȉȍȎȈȊȠȈȧ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȝȊȈȚȒȐ
ǶȕȈ ȗȖȌȒȘȈȌȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ ȉȍȘȍȚ ȍȍ ȗȖȌ țȏȌȞȣ ȗȖȌ-
ȚȧȋȐȊȈȍȚ șȍȌȓȖ ȒȈȘȈȉȒȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȒȖȍ șȐȌȍȕȤȍ ǷȖȟțȊșȚ-
ȊȖȊȈȊ ȗȖȌȍȘȋȐȊȈȕȐȍ țȌȐȓ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȍȚ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ țȗ-
ȘȈȊȓȧȍȔȈȧ ȕȍȖȗȣȚȕȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȊȏȉȐȘȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖ ȗȖ-
ȟȚȐ ȖȚȊȍșȕȖȑ ȋȘȈȕȐȚȕȖȑ ȚȘȖȗȐȕȒȍ
 ǯȈșȈȌȈ Ȋ ǹȐȕȍȔ țȡȍȓȤȍ
ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȍȘȍȑȚȐ Ȓ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȔ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧȔ Ȋ
ǺȐȉȍȚȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȔșȧ Ȓ șȈȔȖȔț DzȐȚȈȦ DzȈȒȐȍ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȣ ȗȘȖȐ-
ȏȖȠȓȐ ȚȈȔ ȏȈ ȌȊȈ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȗȘȖȚȍȒȠȐȍ șȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȖȚȢȍȏȌȈ
ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȐ"
ǷȖȌ ȋȖȓțȉȣȔ ȧȘȒȐȔ ȕȍȉȖȔ ȕȈȌ ȘȈȏȊȖȘȖȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȓȐ-
ȕȐȧȔȐ ȚȘȈȕȠȍȑ ȕȈȌ ȗȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȟȕȣȔȐ ȏȈȋȘȈȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȧȔȐ ș ȏȈȔȖȓȒȕțȊȠȐȔȐ ȖȘțȌȐȧȔȐ ȗȓȣȊțȚ șȍȘȣȍ ȏȈȊȍ-
șȣ ȌȣȔȈ șȚȖȕȣ ȘȈȕȍȕȣȝ ȚȘȍșȒ ȗțȓȍȔȍȚȖȊ ǹȒȊȖȏȤ ȋȘȖȝȖȚ
șȒȊȖȏȤ ȌȣȔ șȒȊȖȏȤ șȚȘȍȓȤȉț ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȕȍșȚȘȖȑȕȣȍ ȚȖȓ-
ȗȣ șȖȓȌȈȚ Ȋ ȐȏȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȝ ȔțȕȌȐȘȈȝ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȐȚȈȑ-
șȒȐȝ ȋȖȓȖȊȕȣȝ țȉȖȘȈȝ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȝ ȕȈ ȋȘȐȉȕȣȍ ȠȓȧȗȒȐ ȅȚȖ —
ȖȚșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȅȚȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȖȚșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ Ȉ ȉȍȋșȚȊȖ ȅȚȖ ȋȍȕȍ-
ȘȈȓ ǿȎȈȕ-ǾȏȖ-dzȐȕ ȋȖȕȐȚ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȚȣȍ ȘȈȏȘȖȏ-
ȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȊȖȑșȒȈ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȈ ǻ-Ƿȍȑ-Ǽț
ǬȖȘȖȋȈ ȔȍȎȌț ȓȈȋȍȘȍȔ ǻ-Ƿȍȑ-Ǽț Ȑ ȔȖȘșȒȐȔ ȗȖȘȚȖȔ
ǵȖȟȤ ǷȖ ȉțȋȘȈȔ Ȑ ȊȣȉȖȐȕȈȔ ȔȟȐȚșȧ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȑ
ȈȊȚȖ ǪȖȒȘțȋ — ȖȚȘȧȌ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȊȍȘȝȈȔȐ Ǫ ȈȊȚȖȔȖ-
ȉȐȓȍ — ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ șȋȖȘȉȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȍȊȏȘȈȟȕȣȑ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ ș ȗȖșȍ-
ȘȍȊȠȐȔ ȖȚ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȐ ȐșȝțȌȈȓȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓ ǻ-Ƿȍȑ-Ǽț
ș ȋȖȘșȚȤȦ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȊȠȐȝ ȊȍȘȕȖșȚȤ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȉȍȎȐȚ ȕȈ ȈȔȍȘȐ-
ȒȈȕșȒȐȑ ȉȘȖȕȍȕȖșȍȞ ȎȌțȡȐȑ ȍȋȖ ș ȖȗțȡȍȕȕȣȔ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȔ
ȜȓȈȋȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȗȖȚțȠȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȖȋȕȧȔȐ

60
ǷȍȘȍȊȖȘȖȚ Ȋ ǷȍȒȐȕȍ ǴȐȕȐșȚȘȣ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȕȣ ǯȈȝȊȈȚȐȊ-
ȠȐȑ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ — ȉȣȊȠȐȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȒ ȉȍȎȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȌȐȒ-
ȚȈȚȖȘȈ — șȖȊȍȚțȍȚșȧ Ȋ țȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȌȊȖȘȞȈ ș ȕȍȏȕȈ-
ȒȖȔȞȍȔ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȔ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȖȑ ȕȈȌȊȐȕțȚȖȑ ȕȈ
ȋȓȈȏȈ ȠȓȧȗȖȑ Ȑ ȊȣșȖȒȐȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȣȔ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȒȖȔ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ǵȍ-
ȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ — ȋȓȈȊȈ «ȌȍȚȍȑ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ» ǵȖȊȣȑ ȗȘȈȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤ DzȐȚȈȧ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ș ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖȑ ȗȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤȦ
ȒȈȒ ȔȓȈȌȠȐȑ Ȓ șȚȈȘȠȍȔț ǷȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ
— ǶȚȍȞ ȔȖȑ ǼȈ ȗȍȘȊȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤ ȌȍȓȈ țȌȈȓȈșȤ ǹȓțȋȈ ȈȔȍ-
ȘȐȒȈȕȞȍȊ ȉȍȎȈȓ ǷȍȒȐȕ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ «ȌȍȚȍȑ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ».
ǵȖ ȏȈȝȖȟȍȚ ȓȐ ǿȎȈȕ-ǾȏȖ-dzȐȕ ȗȖȑȚȐ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȕȈȘȖȌț" ǶȚ
ȗȖșȓȈȕȕȣȝ ȏȈ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȈȔȐ ȕȍȚ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȑ ǬȈ ȗȖȔȖȋțȚ ȐȔ
ȌțȝȐ ȖȚȞȖȊ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ Ȋ ȕȈȠȐ ȘțȒȐ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ
ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȤ DzȐȚȈȑ
ǪȍȘȕȍȔșȧ Ȋ ǺȐȉȍȚ ǵȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣȍ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ ȕȈ ȖȉȘȣȊȍ ȋȖ-
Șȣ ǺȈȕ-Ǿȣ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ
dzȈȔȈ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȌȠȐȑ ș ȟȍȘȕȣȔ ȉȈȠȓȣȒȖȔ Ȓ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ Ȇ-
ǨȖ-ǾȧȕȈ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȈȒȐȕțȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȉȈȠȓȣȒ ȕȈ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊț șȊȖȍȋȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȗȖȌ țȏȌȞȣ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ǹȐȕ-
ȋȈ ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȖȉȘȣȊȈ ȚȘȖȍ ȓȈȔ ȗȖȌȔȧȓȐ ȗȖȌ șȍȉȧ ȟȍȚ-
ȊȍȘȚȖȋȖ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȒȘțȚȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȊȏȧȊȠȐȔȐ-
șȧ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȈȔȐ ǺȈȒȈȧ Ȏȍ țȟȈșȚȤ ȗȖșȚȐȋȓȈ ȗȓȍȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȉȈȠ-
ȓȣȒȖȔ ǹȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȍ ș ȉȍșȜȖȘȔȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȗȧȚȕȈȔȐ ȊȔȍ-
șȚȖ ȓȐȞ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȕȧȝ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ
ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȈȓȐ ȖșțȎȌȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈ șȔȍȘȚȤ
ǶșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ țȗȈȓȐ ș ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ ȘȈȏȔȐȕȈȧ ȏȈȚȍȒ-
ȠȐȍ ȟȓȍȕȣ ǶȕȐ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȖ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȓȐȞȈȝ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȕȍ-
ȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȍȓȧ ȕȐȝ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍȌȠȍȍ ǵȖ ȥȚȈ ȕȍȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȕȕȖșȚȤ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓȈșȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖ ȓȈȔ Ȗȗț-
șȚȐȓȐ ȘțȒȐ Ȋ șȒȓȈȌȒȐ ȋȘțȉȣȝ ȉȈȓȈȝȖȕȖȊ Ȑ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȔȈ-
ȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȌȖȡȍȟȒȍ șȖ șȌȍȓȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ
ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȌȘȈȒȖȕȈ
«ǬȍȚȐ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ» ǬȈȎȍ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋ țȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȖȔ ȔȖ-
ȕȈșȚȣȘȍ ȔȖȋțȟȍȍ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ȐȔȍȍȚ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȍȑ ǰ
ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȥȚȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȐ ȊșȚțȗȐȊȠȐșȤ ȏȈ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ ȉȘȈ-
ȚȤȍȊ ȔȖȓȟȈ Ȑ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ
ǵȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȍȓȧ ȖȚȌȣȝȈ Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖ

61
ǵțȎȕȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ — ȊȍȌȤ dzȤȊȖȊ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȍȏțȡȐȑ ș șȖ-
ȉȖȑ ȊșȦ șțȌȤȉț DzȐȚȈȧ șȌȍȓȈȓșȧ ȊȘȈȋȖȔ Ȑ șȒȈȟȍȚ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȌȈ-
ȓȍȒȖ ș ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȔȐȕțȚȖȑ ȌȍȓȈȧșȤ Ȋșȍ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȕȍțȓȖȊȐȔȍȑ
DzȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȒȖȘȖȟȍ ȀȈȕȋ ȘȈșȚȖȓȒȖȊȈȓ ȓȈȔȈȔ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ țș-
ȗȍȠȕȖȋȖ ȐșȝȖȌȈ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȧȚȐȧ
— ǩȍȓȖȓȐȞȣȑ ȊȖȘ ȕȈȠ ȉȣȊȠȐȑ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ȍȌȍȚ Ȋ ǬȖȘ-
ȌȎȐȓȐȈȕ ȗȘȖȌȈȚȤ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȈȔ ȉțȔȈȋț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ Ȋ ȕȈȠȐȝ Șț-
ȒȈȝ ȗȖșȓțȎȐȚ Ȓ șȗȈșȍȕȐȦ DzȐȚȈȧ Ȉ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ —
Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ DzȈȒ ȗȍȘȍȘȍȏȈȚȤ ȍȔț ȗțȚȤ" Ƕȕ
ȕȍ ȔȖȋ țȍȝȈȚȤ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ǵȍȚ ȓȐ ȗȘȧȔȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ"
dzȈȔȣ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȒȈȟȈȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȈȔȐ
— ǬȘțȋȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ Ȋ ǰȕȌȐȦ ȕȍȚ ǵȖ ȍșȚȤ ȒȖȏȤȐ ȚȘȖȗȣ
ȌȖȘȖȎȒȐ ȕȈȌ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȧȔȐ ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȖȑ-
ȚȐ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ȅȚȐȔȐ ȌȖȘȖȎȒȈȔȐ Ȕȣ Ȋ ȌȊȈ ȟȈșȈ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕȍȔ ǹȐ-
ȕȍȋȖ țȡȍȓȤȧ
ǰ ȊȖȚ — ȗȖȋȖȕȧ ǪȖșȍȔȤ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȠȐȝ Ȓ ȋȖȓȖ-
ȊȖȓȖȔȕȣȔ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȈȔ ȕȈȌ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȧȔȐ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ ȕȍșțȚ ȕȈ
șȍȉȍ țșȚȈȓȣȝ șȎȐȔȈȦȡȐȝ șȚȈȘȖȔȖȌȕȣȍ ȘțȎȤȧ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǪȖȘ
ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȗȘȖȌȈȚȤ ȉȍȓȣȔ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȈȔ șȊȖȉȖȌț DzȐȚȈȧ ǭȋȖ
ȕțȎȕȖ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ ȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ șȚȈȓȖ ǵȖ ȒȈȒ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȐȚȤ
ȥȚȖ ȕȈ Ȍȍȓȍ"
ǺȘȖȍ «ȌȍȚȍȑ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ» ȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȋȓțȗȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȕȈ-
ȌȍȧȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȉȖȍșȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ șȊȖȐȝ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ-ȓȈȔ ǹȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȧ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȌȈȎȍ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ
ȉȣșȚȘȣȝ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ țȉȐȚȤ ȓȍȚȈȦȡȐȝ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȕȍ-
ȊȐȌȐȔȣȝ ȉȈȒȚȍȘȐȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȚȤ Ȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȉȖȘȞȖȊ.
ǬȈȎȍ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȑ ȊȐȌ șȋȖȘȉȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȐșșȖȝȠȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȊȕțȠȐȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȎȈȓȖșȚȤ ǷȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ
șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ șȐȓȣ
ǴȍȎȌț ȖȚȊȍșȕȣȝ șȐȕȍȊȈȚȣȝ șȒȈȓ ȖȉȘȈȏțȦȡȐȝ ȌȓȐȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȐȏȊȐȓȐșȚȣȑ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ ȗȘȖȉȍȋȈȍȚ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȌȖȘȖȋȈ
Ȋ ǩȘȐȚȈȕșȒțȦ ǰȕȌȐȦ ȅȚȐ șȒȈȓȣ — ȞȍȓȤ ȗțȚȐ ȊȖșȤȔȍȘȣȝ
ǷȖȝȐȚȐȚȍȓȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȍȡȍ ȌȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȌȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗțȕȒȚȈ ǷȘȍșȓȍ-
ȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȐ șȓȍȏȈȦȚ ș ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ ǬȊȖȍ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȊ ȏȈȓȍȋȈȦȚ ȕȈ-
ȊȍȘȝț ș ȘțȎȤȧȔȐ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋț ǶșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ șȗț-
șȒȈȦȚșȧ ȊȕȐȏ — șȒȘȣȚȤșȧ ȏȈ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȈȔȐ ǷțșȚȖȑ ȊȣȓȖȎȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȋȖȓțȉȣȔȐ ȖșȒȖȓȒȈȔȐ ȗȘȖȝȖȌ ǷȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȗȘȖȝȖȌț ȌȖȓ-
Ȏȍȕ ȗȘȖșȒȈȒȈȚȤ țȒȘȈȊȠȐȑ ȉțȔȈȋț

62
dzȤȊȖȊ ȍȝȈȓ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȘȍȏȈȊȠȐȍ ȍȔț ȌȖ-
ȘȖȋț ǵȖ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȟțȎȍșȚȘȈȕȍȞ ȌȈȎȍ șȈȔȣȑ ȐșȒțșȕȣȑ Ȋ ȍȏȌȍ
ȗȘȖȍȌȍȚ ȗȖ ȖșȍȕȕȍȔț ǺȐȉȍȚț ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȓȖȊȒȖ ȒȈȒ ȍȋȖ ȐșȒȖȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȎȐȚȍȓȤ" Ǫșȧ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȈ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ șȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈșȤ șȚȈȊȐȚȤ
ȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȐȧ ȕȈ ȗțȚȐ dzȤȊȖȊȈ
Ƕȕ șȗțșȒȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒțȦ ȒȖȚȓȖȊȐȕț șȖȓȕȞȍ ȕȍșȚȍȘȗȐ-
ȔȖ ȕȈȋȘȍȊȈȓȖ șȋȖȘȉȓȍȕȕțȦ șȗȐȕț ǷȖȌȣȔȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȕȣȑ
ȗȍȘȍȊȈȓ — Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓ ȉȐȚȤ ȓȍȌȧȕȖȑ ȊȐȝȘȤ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȈȦ-
ȡȐȑ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȖȌȍȎȌț ȖȉȎȐȋȈȦȡȐȑ ȒȖȎț ȓȐȞȈ Ȑ ȘțȒ ǵȈȌȊȐ-
ȋȈȓșȧ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȚțȔȈȕ Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȗȡț-
ȗȤȦ ȘȐșȒțȧ ȍȎȍȔȐȕțȚȕȖ șȊȈȓȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤ ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȧȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȚȢȍȏȌȈ Ȑȏ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȧ dzȤȊȖȊ ȗȖȌȢȍȏ-
ȎȈȓ Ȓ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ ȕȍȘȖȊȕȖȑ ȚȘȍȡȐȕȍ — ǹȐȕȍȔț țȡȍȓȤȦ ȘȈș-
șȍȒȈȦȡȍȔț ȕȈ ȌȊȍ ȟȈșȚȐ ȔȈșșȐȊȕțȦ șȚȍȕț ȋȖȘȣ
Ƕȕ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȋȕțȊȠȐȍșȧ ȗȈȓȤ-
Ȟȣ ȕȈ ȝȖȓȖȌȕțȦ ȘțȟȒț ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȈ ȅȚȖ — ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ
ȗțȕȒȚ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ǭȔț ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖ ȕȈ-
ȗȈȌȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȋȘȈȉȍȎȍȑ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȗțȕȒȚȍ ǵțȎ-
ȕȖ ȍȝȈȚȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ șȒȈȒȈȚȤ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ ȗȘȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ Ȏȍ
ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȍ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ
ǫȓțȝȖ ȏȈȡȍȓȒȈȓȐ ȒȖȗȣȚȈ ȗȖ ȒȈȔȍȕȐșȚȖȔț Ȍȕț țȡȍȓȤȧ
ǵȈȊȍȘȝț ȉȓȍșȚȍȓȖ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȍ ȕȍȉȖ ȕȈ ȉȓȍȌȕȖ-șȍȘȖȔ ȜȖȕȍ Ȋȣș-
ȚțȗȈȓȐ ȌȊȈ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȖȟȍȘȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȋȘȍȉȕȧ
dzȤȊȖȊ ȌȖȍȝȈȓ ȌȖ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȣ
Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȏȈȓȍȋȠȐȍ ȕȈȊȍȘȝț ȗȖȟȚȐ ȖȚȟȈȧȊȠȐȍșȧ ȌȖ-
ȎȌȈȚȤșȧ șȊȖȍȑ ȌȖȉȣȟȐ ȌȈȓȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȕȍȌȘțȎȕȣȑ ȏȈȓȗ dzȖ-
ȠȈȌȤ dzȤȊȖȊȈ ȊȏȊȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ Ȍȣȉȣ Ȑ ȘțȝȕțȓȈ ȕȈȉȖȒ
DzȈȒ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ ȞȈȘșȒȐȑ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ dzȤȊȖȊ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȟ-
ȕȖ ȍȏȌȐȓ ȊȍȘȝȖȔ ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȧ Ȗȕ șȖșȒȖȟȐȓ ș șȍȌȓȈ ȖȒȐ-
ȌȣȊȈȧ ȞȍȗȒȐȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ șȒȈȓȣ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ
ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȊȣȘȖșȓȐ ȌȊȍ ȏȈȒțȚȈȕȕȣȍ Ȋ Ȕȍȝ ȜȐȋțȘȣ Ȑ ȉȘȖ-
șȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ș ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȒȘȐȒȖȔ Ƕȕ țȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȖȚ
ȖȌȕȖȋȖ țȌȈȘȖȔ Ȋ ȟȍȓȦșȚȤ șȠȐȉ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȕțȊȠȐșȤ
ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ ǵȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ
șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȚȘȍȝ ȠȈȋȖȊ ǯȌȍșȤ șȚȖȧȓ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȗȘȍșȓȍ-
ȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤ — ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȕȣȑ ȝȓȈȌȕȖȒȘȖȊȕȣȑ Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋ
dzȤȊȖȊ ȘȊȈȕțȓ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ ǹȐȕȋ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȋȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ Ȑ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȕȐ ǹȏȈȌȐ țȎȍ ȗȖȌȉȍ-

63
ȋȈȓȐ șȉȐȚȣȍ ȐȔ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȐ
ǶȚȟȈȧȕȕȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ dzȤȊȖȊ ȖȒȐȕțȓ șȚȍȕȣ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȈ Ǫ
ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ — ȔȍȎȌț ȌȊțȝ ȖșȚȘȣȝ șȒȈȓ — țȏȒȈȧ ȒȘȐȊȈȧ
ȡȍȓȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȣȝȖȌ Ƕȕ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȖȌȕț șȚȖ-
ȘȖȕț Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕțȦ — Ȓ ȚȍȔȕȖȔț ȗȘȖȝȖȌț
ǷȖ ȒȈȔȕȧȔ ȡȍȓȒȕțȓȐ ȗțȓȐ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȏȈȓȗȈ ǵȖ dzȤȊȖȊ țȎȍ
șȒȘȣȓșȧ; ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȗȘȖȚȐșȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȡȍȓȤ
ǶȚ ȘȈșșȍȓȐȕȣ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȓȈșȤ ȌȖȘȖȎȒȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȈȧ ȕȈ ȏȈȉȘȖ-
ȠȍȕȕțȦ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞț dzȤȊȖȊ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ș
ȉȍȠȍȕȖ ȉȤȦȡȐȔșȧ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ șȓȣȠȈ șȏȈȌȐ ȚȖȗȖȚ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌțȦ-
ȡȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ
4. ǩȖȘȤȉȈ ȕȈȌ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤȦ
ǺȘȖȗȐȕȒȈ ȊȣȊȖȌȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȍ ȗȓȖșȒȖȋȖȘȤȍ ȗȖȒȘȣ-
ȚȖȍ ȕȐȏȒȖȘȖșȓȖȑ ȒȖȓȦȟȍȑ ȘȈșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤȦ dzȤȊȖȊ ș ȚȘȍș-
ȒȖȔ ȗȘȖȌȐȘȈȓșȧ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȕȍȍ șȓȣȠȈ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȚȘȍșȒ,
ȏȓȖȊȍȡȍȍ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȧșȕȖ
ǭșȚȤ ȓȐ ț ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȣ" ǭșȓȐ ȍșȚȤ — ȍȋȖ ȗȍ-
șȍȕȒȈ șȗȍȚȈ ǵȖ, ȗȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖșȚȐ, ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȖȊ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ȐȕȈȟȍ ȉȍȋțȡȐȍ șȏȈȌȐ ȕȍ țȌȍȘȎȈȓȐșȤ ȉȣ ȖȚ ȐșȒțȠȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȌ-
șȚȘȍȓȐȚȤ ȚȈȒțȦ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕțȦ ȞȍȓȤ
ǯȍȓȍȕȈȧ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ șȗțșȒȈȚȤșȧ ȊȕȐȏ ȀțȔ șȏȈ-
ȌȐ țȌȈȓȧȓșȧ ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ țȌȈșȚșȧ șȗȈșȚȐșȤ" ǵțȎȕȖ țȌȊȖȐȚȤ țșȐ-
ȓȐȧ dzȤȊȖȊ ȖȉȖȋȕțȓ ȒțȟȒț ȊȣșȖȒȖȋȖ ȒțșȚȈȘȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȕȍ țȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȊ ȒȘȐȒȈ ȏȈȔȍȘ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤ — ȒȘțȚȖȑ ȗȘȖȊȈȓ ȌȖ șȈ-
ȔȖȋȖ ȒȘȈȧ Ȑ ȕȐȎȍ ȗȖȘȖșȠȐȑ ȊȍȟȕȖȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȤȦ ǯȍȓȍȕȤ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȋ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕțȦ ȚȤȔț ȗȘȖȊȈȓȈ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȑ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ
ǵȍȟȍȋȖ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȚȤ șȗțșȒȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖ ȚȈȒȖȔț ȖȚȊȍșț
Ƕȕ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓșȧ ǹȈȎȍȕȧȝ Ȋ ȚȘȍȝ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȈȓșȧ
ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȖȉȘȣȊ Ȉ ȠȈȋȈȝ Ȋ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȐ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȖ ȖȉȈ
ȉȍȘȍȋȈ șȖȍȌȐȕȧȓȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ șȘțȉȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȖ — ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȍ ȕȈȊȈȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȍȚȊȧȔȐ Ȋ Țț șȚȖȘȖȕț
ȋȌȍ șȚȖȧȓ dzȤȊȖȊ ǷȍȘȍȉȘȈȚȤșȧ Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȖȚ-
ȌȍȓȧȊȠȍȍ ȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȖșȚȈ Ȑ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ șȚțȗȐȓ

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ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ DzȘȍȗȒȖ ǩȣșȚȘȖ ȗȍȘȍȉȍȎȈȓ ȗȖ țȝȖȌȧȡȍȑ Ȑȏ-
ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋ ȠȍȘȠȈȊȖȑ ȒȖȘȍ Ȑ ȘȈșȚȧȕțȓșȧ șȘȍȌȐ ȋțșȚȣȝ ȝȊȖȑ-
ȕȣȝ ȏȈȘȖșȓȍȑ
ǰȏ ȏȍȓȍȕȐ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȊȣȕȣȘȕțȓȖ
ȚȍȔȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋȈ ǷȖȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȈȒ Ȑ dzȤȊȖȊ ǹȐȕȋ
ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȚȖȎȍ ǮȈȓȖșȚȤ Ȗ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȕȕȖȔ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȍ ȖșȖ-
ȉȍȕȕȖ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȒȖȓȤȕțȓȈ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ
ǯȈ ǹȐȕȋȖȔ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ ȓȐȞȈ ȀȈȕȋȈ Ȑ
Ȇ-ǨȖ-ǾȧȕȈ
ǷȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȈ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ ȓȍ-
ȎȈȊȠȍȋȖ dzȤȊȖȊȈ ȊȍȌȤ ȍșȓȐ țșȚȘȈȕȐȚȤ ȔȖșȚ ȊșȧȒȖȍ șȖȖȉȡȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȣȔȐ ȒȘȈȧȔȐ ȖȉȘȣȊȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȍȘ-
ȊȈȕȖ Ƕȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȌȗȖȓȏȈȚȤ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț ȒȖȕȞț ȓȍ-
ȎȈȊȠȍȔț Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȊȍȘȠȒȈȝ ȖȚ ȒȘȈȧ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȐ
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ǹȐȕȋ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȕȖ ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȓȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ DzȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȊȕȐȏ ǹȐȕȋ ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘ-
ȟȐȊȖ ȒȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ dzȤȊȖȊ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȑ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓ ȚȖȓȒȈȚȤ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȌȈȊȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȚȖȓșȚȣȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ
șȚȊȖȓ
ǵȖ Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋ țȎȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȊȈȘȕȣȑ ȔȈȕȍȊȘ ǹ
ȋȘȖȔȒȐȔ ȒȘȐȒȖȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ȌȘțȋȖȔț ȒȖȕȞț ȔȖșȚȈ
dzȤȊȖȊ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ ȕȐȎȕȧȧ șȚȖȘȖȕȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ
șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȖȌȗȖȓȏȓȈ Ȓ ȒȘȈȦ ǹȐȕȋ ȊȏȉȍȋȈȓ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȑ
ȊȍȚȊȧȔȐ ȒȖȕȍȞ dzȤȊȖȊ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ — ǹȐȕȋ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓ
țȎȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȣ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ dzȤȊȖȊ ȌȍȘȕțȓ ȐȏȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȐȓ —
ȒȖȕȍȞ șȖȘȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȖ ș ȠțȔȖȔ ȗȖȕȍșȓȖșȤ ȊȕȐȏ
ǵȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ǹȐȕȋ ȕȈȗȘȧȋ Ȋșȍ șȐȓȣ Ȑ ȖȚ-
ȟȈȧȕȕȣȔ ȗȘȣȎȒȖȔ ȖȚȌȍȓȐȓșȧ ȖȚ ȗȈȌȈȦȡȍȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ
Ƕȕ țȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȣșȚțȗ ȖȉȘȣȊȈ Ȑ ȊȣȒȈȘȈȉȒȈȓșȧ
ȕȈȘțȎț DzȖȋȌȈ dzȤȊȖȊ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ — ȖȋȓțȠȐȚȤ Ȑ șȉȘȖ-
șȐȚȤ ȊȘȈȋȈ — ȕȈȝȔțȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȚȐȉȍȚȍȞ țȎȍ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ
ȕȖȋȈȝ Ȑ ȕȈ țȌȈȘ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ șȐȓȤȕȣȔ țȌȈȘȖȔ Ƕȕ Ȗȗțș-
ȚȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȔȈȝȈȧ șȎȈȚȣȔȐ ȒțȓȈȒȈȔȐ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȕȈ dzȤȊȖ-
ȊȈ ǷȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȐ ȗȖȒȈȚȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȝȊȖȑȕȖȔț ȒȖȊȘț ȘȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚ-
ȕȣȔ ȔȍȝȖȊȣȔ ȒȓțȉȒȖȔ ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȖȉȘȣȊȈ «ȌȍȚȐ
ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ» Ȑ ȗȖȌȖșȗȍȊȠȐȍ ȓȈȔȣ ș ȘțȎȤȧȔȐ — ȉȍș-
șȐȓȤȕȣȍ ȊȔȍȠȈȚȤșȧ — ș ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȔ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȍȌȐȕȖ-

65
ȉȖȘșȚȊȖ
DzȈȚȈȧșȤ ȊȏȈȌ Ȑ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈȋȘȈȎȌȈȧ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ țȊȍșȐș-
ȚȣȔȐ țȌȈȘȈȔȐ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȐ ȗȘȐȌȊȐȋȈȓȐșȤ Ȋșȍ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȓ
ȉȍȏȌȖȕȕȖȔț ȖȚȖȘȖȟȍȕȕȖȔț ȕȐȏȒȖȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȤȦ ȗȘȖȊȈȓț ǶȕȐ
țȎȍ ț șȈȔȖȋȖ ȒȘȈȧ ǵȈȌ ȔȍȝȖȊȖȑ ȋȘțȌȖȑ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȍȚșȧ ȠȐȘȖ-
ȒȈȧ ȠȈȗȒȈ Ȑ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȍ ȉȈȋȘȖȊȖȍ ȖȚ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ ȓȐȞȖ dzȤȊȖ-
ȊȈ ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȓȈȔ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȘțȎȤȍ ǵȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȐșȟȍȏȈȍȚ ǪȔȍ-
șȚȖ ȕȍȋȖ ȊȣșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȒȘțȋȓȈȧ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ǹȐȕȋȈ
ǹȐȕȋ șȐȌȐȚ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȍ ȗȘȈȊȈȧ ȘțȒȈ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȋȖ șȊȍȠȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈȌ ȉȍȏȌȕȖȑ
ǹȐȕȋ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȓ Ȕȍȝ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ dzȤȊȖȊȈ Ȑ ȖȉȕȈȎȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȋȘȧȏ-
ȕțȦ ȊȖȓȖșȈȚțȦ ȋȘțȌȤ ǶȌȕȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ șȎȐȔȈȧ ȋȖȘȓȖ ȊȘȈȋȈ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȑ Ȗȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȉȠȈȘȐȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȣ Ǫ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȝ
ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȉțȔȈȎȕȣȑ șȊȍȘȚȖȒ Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȇ-ǨȖ-
Ǿȧȕ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȊ ȐșȒțȠȍȕȐȧ ȊȣȘȊȈȓ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ șȖșȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȓȈ-
Ȕȣ ȘȎȈȊȣȑ ȘțȎȍȑȕȣȑ șȚȍȘȎȍȕȤ Ȑ ȋțȓȒȖ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȐȓ Ȋ ȊȐ-
șȧȡțȦ ȕȈȌ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț
dzȤȊȖȊ ȘȊȈȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȘȈȏȎȈȓ ȘțȒț ȊȞȍȗȐȊȠțȦșȧ Ȋ ȒțȘȚȒț
ǹȐȕȋȈ Ƕȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ șȗȖȓȏȈȚȤ — șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȋșȍ
ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ Ȑ Ȑșȟȍȏ Ȋ ȋțȡȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȋȖ ȒțșȚȈȘȕȐȒȈ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȊȠȍ-
ȋȖ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȒȈȚțȦ șȚȍȕț ȉȍȏȌȕȣ
ǺȈȒ ȗȖȋȐȉ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȎȍȓȈȊȠȐȑ ȗȘȖȌȈȚȤ ȊȍȓȐȒțȦ ȚȈȑȕț Ȑ
ȕȍ șȌȍȓȈȊȠȐȑ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȕȍ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȊȐȕȍ ǭȋȖ ȗȖ-
ȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȤ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȊȣȒȈȘȈȉȒȈȓșȧ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ Ȑ ȖȚȗȖȓȏ ȖȚ ȒȘȈȧ
ȖȉȘȣȊȈ ȀȈȚȈȧșȤ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȠȈȋȖȊ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎ-
ȕȖ ȘȈșȚȧȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȐȔȧȚȖȑ ȒȖȓȒȖȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȐ ȏȈȘȖșȓȐ
 DzȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ"
ǵȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ǹȐȕȋ ȗȘȖȓȍȎȈȓ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȋ ȎȍșȚȒțȦ ȝȊȖȦ ȊȌȣȝȈȧ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȗȣȓȤȕȖȋȖ
ȒȈȔȕȧ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȧșȤ ȗȖȓȕȖȔț ȗȖȓțȉȍșșȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȔț ȖȚȌȣȝț
ȖȚ ȗȖȋȖȕȐ Ȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȧȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ,
ȗȧȚȤȦ ȗȧȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ ǼȈȒȚ ȚȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȖ ȖȟȕțȚȤșȧ ȌȖ-
ȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȖȍ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ șȍȔȍȘȣȝ șȗțȚ-
ȕȐȒȖȊ Ǫșȍ ȖȕȐ ȚȖȓȗȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ șȖȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȡȍȓ-

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ȒȐȊȈȧ ȧȏȣȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȚȐȘȈȧ ȓȐȞȈ ǵȈȑȌȧ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌ ȟȍ-
Șȍȏ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤ ȖȕȐ ȚȍșȕȐȓȐșȤ ȗȓȍȟȖ Ȓ ȗȓȍȟț ș țȊȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ
ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȋȍȘȖȑșȒȐȑ ȗȖȌȊȐȋ
ǹȐȕȋ șȍȓ ǵȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȘȈȏȎȈȓ ȒțȓȈȒ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ
Ȇ-ǨȖ-Ǿȧȕț ȐȏȔȧȚȣȑ șȊȍȘȕțȚȣȑ ȓȐșȚ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȀȐȘȖȒȖȍ ȓȐ-
ȞȖ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈ șȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ ȍȡȍ ȠȐȘȍ ȖȚ ȘȈșȚȧȕțȊȠȍȑ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȌȖ-
șȚȕȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȐ dzȈȌȖȕȤȦ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȘțȒȐ Ȗȕ ȉȍȘȍȎȕȖ ȘȈȏȋȓȈ-
ȎȐȊȈȓ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ ȕȈ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ǵȖ ȚțȚ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȐ
ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȈ Ƕȕ ȊȍșȤ ȗȍȘȍȌȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ
ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ țșȚȈȊȐȓ ȕȈ ǹȐȕȋȈ șȊȖȐ ȊȣȗțȒȓȣȍ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈ ǹȐȕȋ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ Ǫ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ" ǿȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ș ȍȋȖ
ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȣȔ ȌȘțȋȖȔ" ǵȍ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȧ ȚȖȚ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ ȐȏȔȧȚȣȑ
ȓȐșȚ ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȖ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȊȠȍȔț ȘțȒț ȀȈȕȋț ȀȈȕȋ ȐȏȌȈȓ Șȣ-
ȌȈȦȡȐȑ șȚȖȕ Ȑ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȊȣȒȈȚȐȊ ȋȓȈȏȈ șțȕțȓ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ Ȋ
șȈȔȣȑ ȕȖș ǹȐȕȋȈ
ǷȘȐ ȊșȍȖȉȡȍȔ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȖȔ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȐ ǹȐȕȋ ȊȢȍȓșȧ Ȋ
ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ǬȍȓȖ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ ȧșȕȣȔ ș ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ Ȏȍ
ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈ ǩțȔȈȋȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȐșȗȖȘȟȍȕȈ Ǫ ȕȍȑ ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȈȓȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ
ȋȓȈȊȕȖȋȖ DzȘȈșȐȊȖ șȌȍȓȈȕȕȣȑ ȚȍȒșȚ șȖȋȓȈȠȍȕȐȧ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȖȟ-
ȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȔ ȓȈȒȖȔ ȒȘȐȊȖ ȖȉȘȣȊȈȓșȧ ȊȕȐ-
ȏț ȓȐșȚȈ ǵȍȌȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖ ȗȖȌȗȐșȍȑ Ȑ ȗȍȟȈȚȍȑ ǵȐȎȕȐȑ ȒȘȈȑ
ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȟȤȧ-ȚȖ ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȈȧ ȘțȒȈ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȓȈ ȊȍșȤ ȒȖȕȍȞ
ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȈ ǹȐȕȋ ș ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȕȐȍȔ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
Ȑ ȉțȔȈȋȈ ȚȖ ȊȣȘȈșȚȈȓȈ Ȋ ȒȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕțȦ ȗȘȖșȚȣȕȦ ȚȖ șȎȐ-
ȔȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȒȘȖȠȍȟȕȣȑ șȔțȚȕȣȑ ȓȖșȒțȚȖȒ
— ǵȖ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ" DzȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȋȓȖ șȓțȟȐȚȤșȧ" DzȚȖ
ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ"
Ƕȕ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȊ ȓȈȔ Ȑ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȊ Ƕȕ
— ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ, ȌȍȘȎȈȊȠȐȑ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ ǵȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȓȖȎȐȚșȧ ȖȚȊȍȚ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȔȖȓȟȈ Ȑ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȉȍșșȔȣșȓȍȕ-
ȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȉȍșȗȖȓȍȏȕȣȑ ȓȖșȒțȚ
ǷȓȈȟțȡȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȀȈȕȋ
— ǩȘȈȚȤȧ ȔȖȐ Ȕȣ ȖȉȔȈȕțȚȣ ǿȤȧ-ȚȖ ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉȕȈȧ ȘțȒȈ
— ȘțȒȈ ȒȖȊȈȘȕȖȋȖ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȈ — ȓȐȠȐȓȈ ȉțȔȈȋț Ȋșȍȑ ȍȍ șȐȓȣ
DzȚȖ ȔȖȋ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ" ǪȖȚ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈȔȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗȕ ȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȊȕȐȒ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȐșȗȖȘȚȐȚȤ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖȍ ǩȘȈȚ ȕȈȠ ǹȐȕȋ ȕȍ

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ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȓȐ ȊȚȖȘȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤ ȉțȔȈȋȐ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ Ȋ ȚȊȖȍȔ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ?
ǹȐȕȋ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ DzȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȠȍȗȚȈȚȤșȧ
— ǹȍȑȟȈș Ȕȣ ȗȖȑȌȍȔ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȚȍȓȖ țȗȈȊȠȍȋȖ Ȋ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤ
ǵȖ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȍȋȖ Ǵȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȚȤ țȊȍȘȍȕȣ ǷȖ-
ȏȊȖȓȤ ȕȈȔ ȉȘȈȚ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȚȊȖȦ ȖȌȍȎȌț
DzȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȏȈȒȐȊȈȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȈȔȐ Ȑ șȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ ȉȓȐȎȍ ǹȐȕȋ
ȒȖȓȍȉȈȓșȧ ǷȖȏȊȖȓȐȚȤ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȘȈȏȌȍȚȤșȧ ȕȖ ȥȚȖ
ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȊȓȍȟȤ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖșȚȐ ǹ ȌȘțȋȖȑ
șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȓțȟȠȍ ȕȍ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȑ ȐȏȓȐȠȕȍȑ ȔȍȌ-
ȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤȦ
ǵȖ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȧ țȎȍ ȏȈȘȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ǸȈșȒȖșȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȗȖȓț-
ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȍ ȘȚȣ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ țȋȘȖȎȈȦȡȍ ǹȐȕȋ ȖȚȌȈȓ
șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȐȝ
ǾȍȗȒȐȍ ȘțȒȐ ȘȈȏȌȊȐȕțȓȐ ȗțȠȐșȚȣȑ Ȕȍȝ ȒțȘȚȒȐ ȏȈȉȍȋȈ-
ȓȐ ȗȖ ȋȘțȌȐ ȗȖ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈȔ ȀȈȕȋ ȘȈșșȚȍȋȕțȓ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȒ Șț-
ȉȈȠȒȐ ǹȖ șȓȈȉȣȔ ȊȖȗȓȍȔ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ș ȗȖȌȕȧȚȣȔȐ ȊȊȍȘȝ
ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȖȚșȒȖȟȐȓ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȗȖȌ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ Ƞȍȍȑ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓȈ ȉȍȓȈȧ
ȋȘțȌȕȈȧ ȒȖȎȈ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȈ DzȘȈșȒȈ ȕȍ ȖȉȕȖȊȓȧȍȔȈȧ ȌȊȈ Ȕȍ-
șȧȞȈ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ ș ȒȖȎȐ ǹȐȕȋȈ
— Ǫȣ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ — ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȑ ȎȍȓȚȣȑ ȗȈȓȍȞ ș ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔ
ȕȖȋȚȍȔ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ, — Ȋȣ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȉȘȈȚȤȧ ȥȚȖ — ȊȖȘ ȇ
ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ șȓȍȌȐȓ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ǶȌȐȕ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȠȈȒȈȓ ȖȚȕȧȓ ț ȌȘț-
ȋȖȋȖ ȉțȔȈȋț Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȕȐȒ Ȓ ȕȈȔ ȗȖȌ ȔȈșȒȖȑ șȖȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐ-
ȒȈ — Ȗȕ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȠȗȐȖȕȖȔ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ ǶȚȌȈȑ ȕȈȔ ȊȖȘ ȊȚȖ-
ȘțȦ ȟȈșȚȤ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȈ
ǹȐȕȋ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȘțȒț Ƕȕ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖșȠȐȝ ȏȍȓȍȕȤȦ ȒȈȔ-
ȕȧȝ ȗȖȌ șȊȐȕȞȖȊȣȔ ȚȐȉȍȚșȒȐȔ ȕȍȉȖȔ șȎȐȔȈȧ Ȋ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȝ
ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȘțȒȐ ȖȉȘȣȊȖȒ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȓȐȞȖȔ ȈȏȐȈȚȈ Ȑ ȉȍ-
ȓȣȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǵȍȚ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȇ ȕȍ ȊȖȓȒ ȏȈȉȘȈȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȋ ȖȊȟȈȘ-
ȕȦ ǯȕȈȑȚȍ ȉȘȈȚȤȧ ȧ — ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȍȘ ǴȖȧ ȒȖȎȈ
ȗȍȘȍȒȘȈȠȍȕȈ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȓȍȋȟȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȗȈșȚȤ Ȓ ȊȈȔ ǺȈȔ,
Ȋ DzȐȚȈȍ ȧ ȌȖșȚȈȕț ȚȣșȧȟȐ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȑ ǷȖȚȖȔț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȓ ȧ șȊȖȦ ȚȈȑȕț ȘȈȕȤȠȍ 
Ȇ-ǨȖ-Ǿȧȕ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȖ ȘȈșȝȖȝȖȚȈȓșȧ șȒȈȓȧ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ
ȏțȉȣ
— ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȥȚȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ƕȕ — ȘțșșȒȐȑ,
ȉȖȘȍȞ ȏȈ șȊȖȉȖȌț ǬȈ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȕȍ Țȍ Ȏȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȓȐ ȋț-

68
ȉȣ țȗȈȊȠȍȋȖ Ȋ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤ" ǵȍ ȓȋȐ ȒȘȣșȈ Ǻȣ ȏȕȈȓ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ
Ȗȕ — ȚȈȑȕȣȑ ȊȘȈȋ Țȣ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȍ ș ȕȐȔ ǻȊȐȌȍȊ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț
țȎȍ ȕȍ șȗȈșȚȐșȤ Țȣ ȊȏȌțȔȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȝȐȚȘȐȚȤ ȕȈș ǶȚȌȈȑ ȖșȚȈ-
ȚȖȒ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȚȊȖȧ ȗȍȟȍȕȤ șȚȈȓȈ ȕȖȎ-
ȕȈȔȐ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȕȖȎȈ
ǸȈȏȖȉȓȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ǹȐȕȋ ȊȏȔȈȝȕțȓ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ Ȋ ȏȕȈȒ ȖȚ-
ȟȈȧȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȈ Ȇ-ǨȖ-Ǿȧȕ șȎȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȘȣȋȕțȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
ǫȖȓțȉȖȍ ȓȍȏȊȐȍ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȖ ȗȖ ȘțȒȈȊț ȖȚșȒȖȟȐȊȠȍȋȖ dzȈȔȈ
șȏȈȌȐ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȚȖȟȒȐ Ȑ ȖȉȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȘȣȎțȦ ȒȖȎț șȈ-
ȗȖȋȈ ǹȐȕȋȈ ǵȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈȊȈȓȐȓȐșȤ Ȋșȍ șȘȈȏț ȗȖȒȘȣȊ ȍȋȖ ȋȘț-
ȌȖȑ ȊȖȗȧȡȐȝ Ȑ ȉȤȦȡȐȝ Țȍȓ
ǵȖ ǹȐȕȋ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȊȣȘȊȈȓșȧ Ƕȕ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ ȉȘȖ-
șȐȓșȧ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȗȘȣȋȈȧ ș ȒȈȔȕȧ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ǵȍ țș-
ȗȍȓȐ ȖȠȍȓȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȈȗȈȌȈȊȠȐȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤșȧ ș ȏȍȔȓȐ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ
țȎȍ ȊȉȍȎȈȓ Ȋ ȕȐȏȒțȦ ȏȈȘȖșȓȤ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȉțȋȘȈ
Ȑ țȗȈȊ ȕȈ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȍȕȤȒȐ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȒȈȘȈȉȒȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖ ȗȖȓȖ-
ȋȖȔț ȖȚȒȖșț
ǹȏȈȌȐ ȋȘȧȕțȓȐ ȌȊȈ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȈ ǬȊȍ ȗțȓȐ ȟȐȘȒȕțȓȐ Ȗ ȒȈȔ-
ȕȐ ȗȖȉȓȐȏȖșȚȐ ǹȐȕȋ ȗȖȓȏ Ȋșȍ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ ǶȉȖȌȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ
ȉȖȓȍȓȐ DzȘțȗȕȣȍ ȒȈȗȓȐ ȗȖȚȈ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ ș ȓȐȞȈ ǪȌȘțȋ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȈȌ
șȈȔȣȔ țȝȖȔ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȕȍȘȖȊȕȣȑ ȚȖȗȖȚ Ȑ ȝȘȐȗȓȖȍ ȌȣȝȈ-
ȕȤȍ ȏȈȋȕȈȕȕȖȑ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ
Ƕȕ Ȋȣȋȓȧȕțȓ ǷȖ țȏȒȖȑ ȚȘȖȗȐȕȒȍ ȗȘȖȉȍȋȈȊȠȍȑ ȌȊțȔȧ ȈȘ-
ȠȐȕȈȔȐ ȕȐȎȍ ȔȟȈȓșȧ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȑ ȍȏȌȖȒ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ Ȗȕ țȏȕȈȓ
«ȕȍȊȍșȚț ǩțȌȌȣ», — ȌȊȈ ȘȈȏȈ șȗȈșȍȕȕțȦ ȐȔ ȖȚ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕț
6. ǷȍȘȍȓȍȚ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒȈ ǫțȕȚȈ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ țȚȘȖ ț ȒȈȓȤȒțȚȚșȒȖȋȖ ȈȥȘȖȌȘȖȔȈ șȖȉȘȈȓȈșȤ ȖȋȘȖȔ-
ȕȈȧ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȏȘȐȚȍȓȍȑ
ǭȡȍ ȉȣ ǪȍȌȤ ȚȖȚ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȍȓȍȚ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ
șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȕȌȐȑșȒȐȍ ȕȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȍȓȐȒȖ-
ȉȘȐȚȈȕșȒȐȍ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ șȖșȚȖȧȚȤșȧ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ǻȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȏȖȊȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȓȍȚ ȕȈ ȌȊțȝȔȍșȚȕȖȔ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘșȒȖȔ șȈȔȖ-
ȓȍȚȍ ȕȖȊȍȑȠȍȑ ȒȖȕșȚȘțȒȞȐȐ ǷȍȘȍȓȍȚ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȋȖȘȕțȦ ȞȍȗȤ ǫȐ-

69
ȔȈȓȈȍȊ Ȑ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ șȖ șȗțșȒȖȔ Ȋ
șȈȔȖȔ ǺȐȉȍȚȍ ǵȖ ȍȡȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȍȍ 
ǭȡȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȍȍ ȚȖ ȒȚȖ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȚȤ ȥȚȖȚ țȌȐȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȍȓȍȚ ǷȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ǫȐȓȤȉȍȘȚ ǫțȕȚ ȋȍȘȖȑ ȗȖȌȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȔȧȚȍȎȈ ȐȕȌȐȑșȒȐȝ șȖȓȌȈȚ-șȐȗȈȍȊ «Ȏȍȓȍȏ-
ȕȣȑ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ» ȗȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȦ ȒȖȘȘȍșȗȖȕȌȍȕȚȖȊ ȗȐșȈȊ-
ȠȐȝ ȖȚȟȍȚȣ Ȗ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȐȧȝ — ȊȖȚ ȒȚȖ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȓ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȋșȍ-
Ȗȉȡȍȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ Ȓ ȔȍșȚț ȖȚȉȣȚȐȧ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȈ
ǰ ȕțȎȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȗȘȈȊȌț ǫȐȉȒȐȑ Ȑ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȑ ș ȒȘȈșȐ-
ȊȣȔ ȖșȚȘȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȖȉȘȈȔȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȐȓȖȚșȒȐȔ ȠȓȍȔȖȔ Ȑ țȒ-
ȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȔ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȕȈȘȐșȖȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ țșȐȒȈ-
ȔȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ-ȓȍȚȟȐȒ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȣȊȈȓ ȊșȍȖȉ-
ȡȐȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍș ǭȋȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ ȘȖșȓȈ ș ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȋȖȌȖȔ ȗȘȍ-
ȊȘȈȡȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡțȦ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡțȦ șȓȈȊț
— ǵȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȖșȤ Ȗ ȕȍȔ Ȋ ȈȘȐ-
șȚȖȒȘȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȒȓțȉȈȝ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦȡȐȑ ȖȚȒȈȏȈ — ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȖ
ȕȍșȓȖșȤ Ȑȏ ȌȈȔșȒȐȝ ȋȖșȚȐȕȣȝ DzȘȖȊȈȊȣȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ ȗȍș —
ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȊȌȖȊȣ Ȑ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐ-
ȒȐ ȏȈȗȖȘȖȚȣȝ Ȑ ȘȈșșȚȘȍȓȧȕȕȣȝ ȐȔ țȟȈșȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȐȧ
ǿȍșȚȕȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ǫȐȓȤȉȍȘȚ ǫțȕȚ ȕȍ ȌȈȘȖȔ ȗȖȓțȟȈȓ
ȎȈȓȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ ȐȕȌȐȑșȒȐȝ ȊȖȑșȒ ȍȋȖ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȈ ȒȖȘȖ-
ȓȧ ǨȕȋȓȐȐ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ȕȈȟȈȓ țȊȓȍȒȈȚȤșȧ ȈȊȐȈȞȐȍȑ
ǷȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ȌȍȓȈȓ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ țșȗȍȝȐ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȖȗȈșȕȖȔ Ȑ ȚȘțȌ-
ȕȖȔ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍ ǭȋȖ ȉȍșșȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȍ ȗȍȚȓȐ șȓȈȊȐȓȐșȤ
ȕȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȈșȓțȋȐ Ȋ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȍȔ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȔ ǰ
ȊȖȚ ȗȖȉȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȗȉ ȏȈȒȓȈȌ Ȋ ǩȘȐȚȈȕșȒȖȔ Ȓȓțȉȍ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ
Ȋȏȧȓșȧ ȖȌȐȕ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȐȝ șȗțȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȍȘȍȓȍȚȍȚȤ ǫȐȔȈȓȈȑ-
șȒȐȑ ȝȘȍȉȍȚ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȌȍȕȤ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ
ǪȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȣȑ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕ — șȚȘȖȑȕȈȧ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝșȖȚșȐȓȤ-
ȕȈȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ș țȏȒȐȔ ȝȊȖșȚȖȔ Ȑ ȔȖȡȕȣȔȐ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȍȘȚȣȔȐ
ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ — țȎȍ ȎȌȈȓ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȍȌȖȒȈ ǯȈȌȕȍȍ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘșȒȖȍ
șȐȌȍȕȤȍ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓȐ ȏȈȒțȗȖȘȍȕȕȣȍ ȉȐȌȖȕȣ ș ȏȈȗȈșȕȣȔ ȉȍȕ-
ȏȐȕȖȔ ǷȖȌ ȚȖȓșȚȣȔȐ șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȣȔȐ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ Ȑ ț ȕȍȗȖȌ-
ȊȐȎȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȗȍȓȓȍȘȈ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȖ ȐȏȔȈȏȈȕȕȖȍ ȔȈșȓȖȔ
ȓȐȞȖ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȒȈ ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȧȊȠȍȋȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȕȍȚȖȟȕȖșȚȐ ȔȖ-
ȚȖȘȈ

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ǷȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ǫȐȓȤȉȍȘȚ ǫțȕȚ șȚȖȧȓ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȊȍȎȓȐȊȖ Ȑ ȘȈȊ-
ȕȖȌțȠȕȖ ȗȖȎȐȔȈȧ ȚȧȕțȊȠȐȍșȧ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȘțȒȐ ȌȘțȏȍȑ
«ǬȈ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȗȕ ȊȍȘȕȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȖȔț șȘȖȒț ǵȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȉȣȚȤ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȓȍȚ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȚșȧ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖ» Ƕȕ
ȊșȚȈȊȐȓ ȕȖșȖȒ ȔȍȝȖȊȖȋȖ șȈȗȖȋȈ Ȋ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȒț șȌȍȓȈȕȕțȦ șȉȖ-
Ȓț ȜȦȏȍȓȧȎȈ
Ƕȕ țȎȍ șȐȌȐȚ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ș ȘțȒȈȊȐȞȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȎȍȓȚȖȔ ȒȘțȋȍ
Șțȓȧ Ȋ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȝ ȓȍȚȟȍșȒȐȝ ȖȟȒȈȝ ȗȖȌ ȚȘȍșȒ ȗțȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȖ-
ȚȖȘȈ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȧ ȕȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȐȧ ǷȘȖȗȍȓȓȍȘ șȗȍȘȍȌȐ
Ȋșȍ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȍȍ ȖȚȉȘȈșȣȊȈȍȚ ȊȖȏȌțȝ șȏȈȌȐ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȦȚșȧ șȍ-
ȘȖȊȈȚȣȍ ȌȣȔȒȐ ȉȍȕȏȐȕȈ 
— DzȖȕȚȈȒȚ"
— ǭșȚȤ
ǹȈȔȖȓȍȚ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒȈ ǫțȕȚȈ ȉȍȎȐȚ ȗȖ ȗȍșȒț Ȑ ȊȏȊȐȊȈȍȚ-
șȧ ȊȊȣșȤ ȗȖȌ ȋȓțȝȖȍ ȋțȌȍȕȐȍ ȖșȚȈȦȡȍȑșȧ ȊȕȐȏț Ȑ șȏȈȌȐ ȚȖȓ-
ȗȣ ǹȈȔȖȓȍȚ ȓȍȚȐȚ Ȓ ȐȏȊȐȓȐșȚȖȑ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȓȐȕȐȐ ǫȐȔȈȓȈȑ-
șȒȐȝ ȋȖȘ ȖȚȌȍȓȧȦȡȐȝ ǺȐȉȍȚ ȖȚ ǩȘȐȚȈȕșȒȖȑ ǰȕȌȐȐ
Ǩ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȖȊ — Ȋ ǺȐȉȍȚȍ
ǹȖșȒȖȟȐȊ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȎȒț ǹȐȕȋ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȗȖȌ țȏȌȞȣ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ
ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȊȠȍȑ Ȑ ȖȚȒȐȕțȊȠȍȑșȧ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȕȈȍȏȌȕȐȞȣ ǵȖ țȏȕȈȊ
ȗȖȧȊȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȉȣȊȠȈȧ «ȕȍȊȍșȚȈ ǩțȌȌȣ»
șȘȈȏț țșȗȖȒȖȐȓȈșȤ Dz ȍȍ ȕȍȎȕȣȔ ȡȍȒȈȔ ȗȘȐȓȐȓȈ ȋțșȚȈȧ ȊȖȓ-
ȕȈ ȒȘȖȊȐ ǶȕȈ șȎȈȓȈ șȓȈȉȣȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȋȘțȉțȦ, ȓȍȎȈȡțȦ
ȕȈ ȋȘȐȊȍ ȘțȒț ǹȐȕȋȈ
— Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋ ȥȚȖ Ȋȣ" DzȈȒ ȧ ȘȈȌȈ ǪȈȔ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ"
ǵȖ — ȖȕȈ ȏȈȗȕțȓȈșȤ — ȊȍȌȤ Ȋȣ — ȕȍ ȊȘȈȋ" Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȈȌȐȚȍ
Ȕȍȕȧ ǹȐȕȋ"
ǯȈȌȣȝȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ȉȍȋȓȍȞ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ țȓȣȉȕțȚȤșȧ
— ǴȐșș ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍ Ȋȣ Ȉ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȊȈș Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ
ǷȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȖșȤ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ" ȇ șȈȔ șȗȈșȈȦșȤ ȖȚ
ȗȖȋȖȕȐ ǴȖȐ ȉȣȊȠȐȍ șȗțȚȕȐȒȐ — ǹȐȕȋ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓ ȜȘȈȏț ȗȘȐ-
șȓțȠȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȠȖȘȖȝț Ȋ ȒțșȚȈȝ
— ȇ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȒțȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ DzȖȋȌȈ ȥȚȐ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȘȈș-
șȊȐȘȍȗȍȦȚ ȖȕȐ ȝțȎȍ ȉȍȠȍȕȣȝ ȏȊȍȘȍȑ ǷȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ șțȔȈș-
ȠȍȌȠȍȍ ȕȍȌȖȘȈȏțȔȍȕȐȍ ǬȈȎȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȗȖȕȧȚȤ Ȋ ȟȍȔ
ȌȍȓȖ — ǹȐȕȋ ȔȈȠȐȕȈȓȤȕȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȘțȒț Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕ Ȑ ȕȈȡț-
ȗȈȓ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ șțȕțȚțȦ ȚțȌȈ ȏȓȖȗȖȓțȟȕțȦ ȉțȔȈȋț — ǹȔȖȚ-
ȘȐȚȍ ȊȖȚ ȖȕȐ ǭșȓȐ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȚȍ

71
ǰȏ-ȏȈ ȒțșȚȖȊ Ȋ ȌȍșȧȚȐ ȠȈȋȈȝ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ ȊȣșȣȗȈȓȈ ȚȖȓȗȈ
ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȍȑ DzȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȉȍȋțȡȐȍ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȊșȒȐȌȣȊȈȓȐ
ȕȈ ȝȖȌț ȘțȎȤȧ ǹȏȈȌȐ ȗțȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȝ ȖȌȍȎȌȈȝ ȕȍȗȘȐ-
Ȋȣȟȕȣȍ Ȓ ȉȣșȚȘȖȔț ȉȍȋț ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȢȍȔ ȓȈȔȣ
ǴȍȌȓȐȚȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ǹȐȕȋ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ ȕȈ șȗȐȕț ȏȈȋȕȈȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ Ȑ șȚȐșȕțȓ ȗȧȚȒȈȔȐ ȍȋȖ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈȏȌțȊȈȊ-
ȠȐȍșȧ ȉȖȒȈ ǷȖȌ ȋȘțȏȖȔ ȌȊȖȑȕȖȑ ȕȖȠȐ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȖ
ȗȘȣȋȕțȓȈ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ǶȕȈ șȒȈȒȈȓȈ țȌȈȘȧȧ Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȊșȍȔȐ ȟȍ-
ȚȣȘȤȔȧ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ șȘȈȏț Ȑ ȊȣȚȧȋȐȊȈȧ ȝțȌțȦ ȔȖȘȌț
ǷȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȐ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȏȈȌȐ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȓȐȞȖȔ ǹȐȕȋȈ
ȒȈȟȈȓșȧ ȏȈȚȣȓȖȒ ȔȍȝȖȊȖȑ ȠȈȗȒȐ ȍȋȖ șȗțȚȕȐȞȣ Ƕȕ ȏȈȋȓȧ-
ȕțȓ ȍȑ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ
— ǴȐșș — ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ — ȕȈȠ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖȕȖ-
ȋȐȑ ȥȒȐȗȈȎ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȌȍȘȎȐȚșȧ ȌȖȓȋȖ ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȒȈ-
Ȏț Ǵȕȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣ ȏȌȍȠȕȐȍ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȧ țȒȈȎț ȊȈȔ
ȒȈȒ ȌȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȌȖ ȝȐȎȐȕȣ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȗȘȧȟȍȚ ȊȈș
ȗȖȒȈ ȧ ȉțȌț țȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȋȖȕȦ ǯȈ ȥȚȖ Ȋȣ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȚȍ ȖȌȕȖ
ȔȖȍ ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȐȍ ǰȌȍȚ" ǵȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȈ ȟȍȘȚȖȊȡȐȕȈ ȚȈȔ ȊȗȍȘȍ-
ȌȐ «ǿȍȘȚȖȊȡȐȕȈ» ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȘȈșȗȓȈșȚȈȕȕȖȑ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȕȧȝ ȖȋȘȖȔ-
ȕȖȑ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȚȐȞȍȑ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȊȖȏȐȓșȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȐȔȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȒȖșȚȦȔȍ ȈȊȐȈȚȖȘȈ Ƕȕ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȓ
ȘȍȏȍȘȊțȈȘȣ ȔȖȚȖȘȈ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȗȖȘȞȐȍȑ ȉȍȕȏȐȕȈ dzȖȠȈȌȤ ȉȍȋȓȍ-
ȞȖȊ ȗȘȣȋȕțȓȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ Ȑ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȗȈȌȈȚȤ
ǷȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ǫțȕȚ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓșȧ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȧ Ȓ ȗȖȌȉȍȋȈȦȡȐȔ
ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȍ țșȚȈȓȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȍ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ ȉȘȈțȕȐȕȋȈ șȘȍȌ-
ȕȍȋȖ ȒȈȓȐȉȘȈ
Ƕȕ ȊȣșȓțȠȈȓ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕțȦ ȗȘȖșȤȉț ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ Ȑ ȕȍ Ȗȗț-
șȒȈȧ ȖȘțȎȐȧ ȗȘȖȚȧȎȕȖ ȏȈșȊȐșȚȍȓ ȖȒȐȌȣȊȈȧ ȍȍ ȒȘȐȚȐȟȍș-
ȒȐȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȏȕȈȚȖȒȈ ǸȈȏȌȊȐȕțȊ ȕȖȋȐ Ȗȕ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȊȍȎ-
ȓȐȊȣȔ ȕȖ ȕȍȗȘȍȒȓȖȕȕȣȔ ȚȖȕȖȔ
— Ǫȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȊȈș ȗȘȍșȓȍȌțȦȚ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȐȚȍșȤ ȕȈ ȔȖȦ
ȔȈȠȐȕț" ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖȋȖ ǩȍȕȏȐȕ
ȐșȚȘȈȟȍȕ ȏȈȌȕȍȍ șȐȌȍȕȐȍ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ǵȖ ȌȍȓȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ
ȧ ȔȖȋț ȊȏȧȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȈ ǷȖ ȊȈȠȍȔț ȊȣȉȖȘț
ȔȐșș ǷȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȦ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȚȍȔȕȖȓȐȞȣȑ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤ-
Ȕȍȕ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ Ȑȏ ȊȍȎȓȐȊȖșȚȐ țșȚțȗȐȚ șȊȖȍ ȗȘȈȊȖ ȌȈȔȍ
Ƕȕ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȚȍȓ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ ȉȘȈțȕȐȕȋȖȔ Ȑ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ

ȘȖȒțȦ ȚȘȖȗȒț Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȖȉȔȧȚțȦ ȒȖȗȣȚȈȔȐ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ
ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ ǰ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ șȓȍȌ ȐșȟȍȏȈȓ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȧȝ ȌȘțȋ ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȈ ȔȍȎȌț ȍȌ-
ȊȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȔȐ ȊȗȈȌȐȕȈȔȐ ȖȚ șȒȈȟțȡȐȝ ȒȖȗȣȚ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓȐșȤ
ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȗȧȚȕȈ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȍȘȊȖȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȓȍȌȈ

75
ȅȎȟȠȪ IV
ǸǼDZȀǶ DzǰȁǻǼDZǶȃ ȀǶDZǾǼǰ
1. ǺȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ
Ǫ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȈțȌȐȚȖȘȐȐ ȒȈȕȚȖȕșȒȖȋȖ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ ȗȣȓȈȓ
șȚțȌȍȕȟȍșȒȐȑ ȔȐȚȐȕȋ
ǪȔȍșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȏȈȓ ȒȘțȚȖ țȝȖȌȧȡȐȑ ȊȊȍȘȝ șȚțȗȍȕȟȈ-
ȚȣȔ ȗȖȓțȒȘțȋȖȔ ȚȍșȕȖ țșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ șȒȈȔȍȑ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȉȐȚ Țȣ-
șȧȟȈȔȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȒțȞȣȝ ȗȐȌȎȈȟȕȣȝ ȗȈȘȈȝ ș
ȎȍȓȚȣȔȐ ȘȖȔȉȈȔȐ ȔȖȕȋȖȓȤșȒȐȝ ȓȐȞ ȅȚȖ — ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȍ șȚț-
ȌȍȕȟȍșȚȊȖ șȖȉȘȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȊȣȏȖȊȖȊ șȖ
șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȟȐȒȖȊ ȅȚȖ — ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȗȘȐȌțȠȍȕȕȈȧ
șȚȘȈȕȈ ȋȖȘȓȈȔȐ șȊȖȐȝ ȓțȟȠȐȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȗȘȍ-
ȌȖșȚȍȘȍȎȍȕȐȧ ȒțȘȧȡȐȔ șȐȋȈȘȣ ȕȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȗȖȘȖȝȖȊȖȑ ȉȖȟ-
Ȓȍ ǯȌȍșȤ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȘȧȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȣȓȈȦȡȐȝ ȓȐȞ ȐȏȔȍȕȧȦ-
ȡȐȝșȧ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȗȓȣȊȖȔ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȑ
DzȐȚȈȍȞ ȕȍ țȔȍȍȚ ȒȘȈșȕȍȚȤ — ȗȍȘȋȈȔȍȕȚ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐ-
șȗȖșȖȉȓȍȕ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț Ƕȕ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȐȌȈȚȤ ȜȐȏȐȖȕȖȔȐȐ ȗȖȓ-
ȕțȦ ȉȍșșȚȘȈșȚȕȖșȚȤ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ șȈȔȣȍ șȐȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȖȘȣȊȣ
Ǫșȧ ȍȋȖ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȊȕțȚȘȐ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȔȐȔȐȒȍ Ȑ ȧȘȒȖȔ
ȉȓȍșȒȍ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȐȝ ȋȓȈȏ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȍȚșȧ ȥȚȈ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȧȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ǯȈȗȈȌȕȈȧ ȞȐȊȐȓȐȏȈȞȐȧ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȘȈȉȖȚȐȊȠȈȧ
DzȐȚȈȑ Ȑ ȌȈȊȠȈȧ ȍȔț ȔȖȋțȟȍȍ ȖȘțȎȐȍ Ȍȓȧ ȐȏȋȕȈȕȐȧ Țȍȝ ȒȚȖ
ȍȍ ȗȘȐȕȍș țȎȍ șțȔȍȓȈ ȞȍȗȒȖ ȖȉȊȐȚȤ ȌțȠȐ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȊȖȏȘȖȎ-
ȌȈȦȡȍȑșȧ șȚȘȈȕȣ ǶȕȐ ȕȍ ȒȘȐȟȈȚ Ȋșȍ șȘȈȏț ȕȍ ȔȈȠțȚ țȋȘȖ-
ȎȈȦȡȍ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȉȣ ȥȚȖ ȓȍȚ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȚȖȔț ȕȈ-
ȏȈȌ ǶȕȐ șȐȌȧȚ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ Ȋ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȣȝ ȗȖȏȈȝ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȝ
ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕȞȍȊ ǩȖȓȤȠȍ ȚȖȋȖ — ȖȕȐ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓțȠȈȦȚ ȉȍ-
ȓȖȓȐȞȍȋȖ șȖȌȖȒȓȈȌȟȐȒȈ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȖȑ ȘȍȟȤȦ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȣȊȈȦ-
ȡȍȋȖ ȕȈșȐȓȐȧ șȊȖȐȝ șȖȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȕȍȗȘȖȏ-
ȘȈȟȕȖȑ ȋȓțȉȐ Ȑȝ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȊȣȗțȒȓȣȝ ȏȘȈȟȒȖȊ ȚȓȍȦȚ ȋȖȘ-
Ȍȣȍ ȌțȠȐ ȗȖȚȖȔȒȖȊ ȇȖ Ȑ ǽțȈȕȌȐ — ȋȍȘȖȍȊ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȋȖ ȔȖȋț-

76
ȟȍȋȖ DzȐȚȈȧ
ǵȈ ȧȘȒȖȑ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝțȋȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȥșȚȘȈȌȍ ȏȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔ șȚȖȓȖȔ,
ȗȖȌ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔȐ ȐȍȘȖȋȓȐȜȈȔȐ țȒȘȈȠȈȦȡȐȔȐ șȚȍȕȣ — ȗȖȓ-
ȌȦȎȐȕȣ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȜȐȋțȘȖȒ ȖȘȈȚȖȘȖȊ Ȑ ȗȘȍȏȐȌȐțȔȈ ǶȘȈȚȖȘ
ȕȈ ȒȘȈȦ ȥșȚȘȈȌȣ ȊȣȚȧȋȐȊȈȍȚ Ȓ șȓțȠȈȚȍȓȧȔ șȍȘȣȍ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ
ȘțȒ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖ ȖȗțȚȣȊȈȍȚ ȈțȌȐȚȖȘȐȦ ȕȍȖȗȘȖ-
ȊȍȘȎȐȔȖȑ ȞȍȗȤȦ ȌȖȊȖȌȖȊ Ȑ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȐȑ ǶȘȈȚȖȘ-ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈ-
ȕȐȕ șȚȈȘȈȍȚșȧ șȖȘȊȈȚȤ ȘȍȏȖȓȦȞȐȦ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȕțȦ ȌȖȒȓȈȌ-
ȟȐȒȖȔ
Ǫ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȏȈȌȕȐȝ ȘȧȌȖȊ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ ȊȍȘȝț — ȥșȚȘȈȌȈ ȒȈ-
ȎȍȚșȧ ȖȚșȦȌȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔ ȌȖȉȍȓȈ ȘȈșȒȈȓȍȕȕȣȔ țȋȓȍȔ șȚȘȖȑ-
ȕȖ ȏȈȊȍȘȠȈȦȡȐȔ ȖșȚȘȣȑ țȋȖȓ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȤȕȐȒȈ ȋȖȓȖȊ
—șțȚțȓȖ șȒȓȖȕȧȍȚșȧ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ ȕȈȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȍ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȖȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ șȐȌȐȚ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȝȖȘȖȠȖ DzȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȥȚȖȚ Ȑ ȕȍ ȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ
ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ǵȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȋȓȈȌȒȐȑ ȊȣȗțȒȓȣȑ ȓȖȉ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ
ȒȈȘȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȚȖȓșȚȣȑ ȕȖș ȕȈȌ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȗȓȖȚȕȖ șȎȈȚȣȔ
ȘȚȖȔ ǫȌȍ Ȕȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȓȐȞȖ" ǭșȓȐ ȖȚȉȘȖșȐȚȤ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȞȊȍȚ
ȒȖȎȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȒȖȎȈ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓȖȋȖ
ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȈ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȍȔ Ȕȣ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȓȐȞȈ Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋȈ Ȗș-
ȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȔȐ Ȋ ȉȍȏȊȣȝȖȌȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ
ȋȖȘȕȣȝ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȖȒ ǺȐȉȍȚȈ"
Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋ ȊȣȕȐȔȈȍȚ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȏȈȗȐșȕțȦ ȒȕȐȎȒț ȉȣ-
șȚȘȖ ȗȐȠȍȚ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȘȖȒ ǺȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȍȚ ȏȈȗȐș-
Ȓț ǯȈȗȐșȒȈ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȉȣșȚȘȖȍ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ȗȖ ȖȗțșȒȈȦȡȐȔ-
șȧ ȘȧȌȈȔ Ȓ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȑ țȉȍȎȌȈȦȡȍȑ Ȑ Ƞȍȗȟțȡȍȑșȧ ȥșȚȘȈȌȍ
ǪȖȚ ȖȕȈ țȎȍ ț ȞȍȓȐ — Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȒȓȈȌȟȐȒȈ —
ȗȖȎȐȓȖȋȖ ȗȖ-ȏȈȗȈȌȕȖȔț ȖȌȍȚȖȋȖ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈ șȐȌȧȡȍȋȖ Ȋ Ȟȍȕ-
ȚȘȍ șȚȖȓȈ ȅȚȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȣȊȈȍȚ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ǵȈ ȍȋȖ
ȓȐȞȍ — ȚȐȗȐȟȕȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ ȈȏȐȈȚȈ — ȕȍ ȖȚȖȉȘȈȎȈȍȚșȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
Ƕȕ șțȍȚ ȉțȔȈȎȒț Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ șȐȌȐȚ Ȋ ȏȈȌțȔ-
ȟȐȊȖșȚȐ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȊȣȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȉȓȖȒȕȖȚ Ȑ ȗȖȘȣȊȐșȚȣȔ ȒȈȘȈȕ-
ȌȈȠȖȔ ȕȈȉȘȈșȣȊȈȍȚ șȚȘȖȒȐ ȖȚȊȍȚȕȣȝ ȜȘȈȏ
ȅȚȖȚ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔ Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋț ǬȍȕȤ ȚȖȔț ȕȈ-
ȏȈȌ ȗȘȐȉȣȊ Ȋ DzȈȕȚȖȕ — șȚȖȓȐȞț ȦȎȕȖȋȖ DzȐȚȈȧ Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋ
Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȐȏȣșȒȐȊȈȓ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ ȗȖȊȐȌȈȚȤșȧ ș ȕȐȔ
Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȍ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȚȤ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȍȔ ȐȏȓȐȠȕȐȝ ȚȖȓȒȖȊ
Ǫ ȍȋȖ ȐȏȊȖȘȖȚȓȐȊȖȔ țȔȍ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȗȖȓȤȡȐȒȈ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȐ Ȑ

77
ȗȘȖȗȓȣȊȈȓȐ ȌȍșȧȚȒȐ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȗȓȈȕȖȊ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ — ȚȈ-
ȒȖȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖȍ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ǵȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȔȐȚȐȕȋȍ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ
ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȊ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȏȈȗȐșȖȒ ȗȖȓțȟȈȍȚșȧ ȌȖȒȓȈȌȟȐȒȈȔȐ ǰ ȥȚȈ
ȏȈȗȐșȒȈ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȟȍȚ ȕȐȟȤȍȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ 
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȈ șȞȍȕȍ ȗȐșȈȓ ǭȋȖ șȖșȍȌ șȗȘȈȊȈ — ȚȖȓșȚȍȕȤȒȐȑ
ȘȖȏȖȊȣȑ șȚȈȘȐȟȖȒ-ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕȍȞ ȌȍȓȖȊȐȚȖ șȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȓȍȎȈ-
ȡȍȑ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȍ țȎȍ ȋȖȚȖȊȖȑ ȘȍȏȖȓȦȞȐȐ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȈ Ȑ ȖȌȕȐȔ
ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȒȘțȋȓȣȝ ȖȟȒȖȊ ȊȖȉȘȈȓ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȓȍȎȈȡȐȍ ȔȍȓȒȐȔ
ȉȐșȍȘȖȔ șȚȘȖȟȒȐ ȏȈȗȐșȒȐ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȕȐ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȉȣȊȈȓȖ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓ ȊȟȐȚȣȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ șȚȘȈșȚȕȣȍ șȚȘȖȒȐ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȋȖ ȊȖȏȏȊȈȕȐȧ
ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȘȍȟȤ Ƕȕ ȐșȟȍȘȗȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȌȖȊȖȌȣ Ȗȕ
ȒȈȒ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ ȌȊȈ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȐȒȟȍȔȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȉȍșșȔȣșȓȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȤ șȉȖȘȐȡȈ Ǫ ȟȍȔ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȌȍȓȖ" Ǫ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ
ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȋȖ ȖȚȘȧȌȈ Ȋȍȓȍȓ ȊȣȗȖȘȖȚȤ ȉȈȔȉțȒȖȔ ȌȊțȝ ȒȐȚȈȑ-
ȞȍȊ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȍȔț ȗȘȐ
ȊșȚȘȍȟȍ" ǵȖ ȥȚȖ — ȖȌȕȖȉȖȒȖȍ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȜȈȒȚȖȊ ǵȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
Ȗȕ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȘȈșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ țȎȍ ȊȍȌȍȚșȧ ȔȍșȚȕȣȔ
ȒȖȕșțȓȖȔ DzȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȣ ȖȕȐ Șț-
ȋȈȓȐ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȐȏȉȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȅȚȖ ȔȖȋțȚ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȚȤ
Ȋșȍ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȖȚȘȧȌȈ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȔȐșșȐȖȕȍȘ-ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȗȘȐșțȚ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ Ǩ ȍșȓȐ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ
ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖ — ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȒțȓȐ ȗȘȖșȚȣȍ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȍ ȘȈȉȖ-
ȟȐȍ ǹȚȖȐȚ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȗțșȚȧȒȈ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȚȤ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȘȍȌȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȠțȔȈ" DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȊșȍȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȚțȚ ȌȍȓȖ ȏȓȖșȚȕȈȧ
ȈȋȐȚȈȞȐȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȊȐȒȖȊ șȔțȡȈȍȚ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȍ șȚțȌȍȕȟȍșȚȊȖ
ȔȍȠȈȍȚ ȍȔț ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈțȒȈȔȐ ǰ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȋȓȈȌȒȐȝ ȝȖȘȖ-
ȠȐȝ ȜȘȈȏ ȕȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȔ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ șȓȍȚȍȓȖ ș șțȝȐȝ
ȗȘȖȉȘȐȚȣȝ ȋțȉ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȈ
ǶȘȈȚȖȘ șȍȓ ȏȈ șȚȖȓ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȉȘȍȏȋȓȐȊȖ ȖȉȔȈȝȐȊȈȧșȤ ȚȖȕ-
ȒȐȔ ȌțȠȐșȚȣȔ ȗȓȈȚȒȖȔ ǺȈȒȈȧ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȈȧ ȘȍȟȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȥȚȐ-
ȔȐ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȔȐ ȔȖȘȌȈȔȐ ǵȖ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȈ ȘȖȌȐȕȈ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ-
ȚȖ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȔȐȚȐȕȋ ȉțȌȍȚ șȖȘȊȈȕ ǬȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȎȍȘȚȊȣ ȗȘȐ-
ȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȈȓȚȈȘȤ ȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȈ
ǷȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȗȘȍȕȐȧ ǸȧȌ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȣȝ ȐȍȘȖȋ-
ȓȐȜȖȊ — ȜȈȔȐȓȐȐ ȏȈȗȐșȈȊȠȐȝșȧ — ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓ ȗȖ ȌȓȐȕ-
ȕȖȔț ȓȐșȚț ǶȌȐȕ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȕȈ ȥșȚȘȈȌț ȊȣȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȓȦ-
ȌȐ ș ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȔȐ ȓȐȞȈȔȐ Ȑ șȒȈȟțȡȐȔȐ ȎȍșȚȈȔȐ Ȕȍȟț-
ȡȐȝșȧ Țȍȓ

78
ǶȌȕȈ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȘȍȟȐ
— ǷȘȖșȚȖȍ ȕȍȌȖȘȈȏțȔȍȕȐȍ ȕȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȚȈȒȐȍ ȕȍȌȖȘȈȏț-
ȔȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȧȚ Ȋ DzȐȚȈȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ"
— ǷȖȟȍȔț ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȍȞ șȟȐȚȈȍȚ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȡȈȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒ ș ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȔȐ ș ȚȍȔȐ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȗȕ
ȎȐȊȍȚ"
— ǮȈȌȕȣȍ ȉȍȓȣȍ șȚȈȘȈȦȚșȧ țȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȚȍȔȕȐȚȤ șȖȏ-
ȕȈȕȐȍ ȕȈȘȖȌȕȣȝ ȔȈșș
—ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȦȚ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏȖȊ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ
— șȖȦȏȕȐȒȐ ȗȖ ȋȘȈȉȍȎț ȉȍȏȏȈȡȐȚȕȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ
ǩȍȌȕȣȑ țșȚȈȓȣȑ șȖȌȖȒȓȈȌȟȐȒ ǪȖȚ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȘȍȟȤ
șȓțȠȈȚȍȓȐ ǪȖȚ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȗȈȚȍȕȚȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ
ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȖȍ ȒȘȈșȕȖȘȍȟȐȍ
ǷȖȎȐȓȖȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ȕȈ ȥșȚȘȈȌȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ șȊȖȍȔț
ȎȍȓȚȖȓȐȞȍȔț șȖșȍȌț șȓȍȊȈ ǺȖȚ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ Ȋȏȧȓ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕțȦ
ȐȔ ȏȈȗȐșȒț Ȑ ȊȣȠȍȓ ǷȖȟȚȐ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ
ȏȈȕȧȓ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȍ ȔȍșȚȖ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ Ȋ ȏȈȓ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ șȚțȌȍȕȚ Ȑ
ȕȈȟȈȓ șȒȘȖȔȕȖ ȊȏȉȐȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȏȈȌȕȐȔ ȘȧȌȈȔ ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ șȚț-
ȌȍȕȚ ȐșȒȈȓ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ-
șȧ șȖ șȒȈȔȤȐ Ȑ șȚȈȓ șȗțșȒȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȊȣȝȖȌț
ǷȖȘȈȊȕȧȊȠȐșȤ ș ȊȖȠȍȌȠȐȔ Ȗȕ țȘȖȕȐȓ ȒȍȗȒț ǹ țșȓțȎ-
ȓȐȊȖșȚȤȦ șȊȖȑșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȊșȍȔ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈȔ șȚțȌȍȕȚ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȕȈȋ-
ȕțȓșȧ ǸțȒȐ ȍȋȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐșȤ ș ȘțȒȈȔȐ ǹȐȕȋȈ ǹȐȕȋ ȗȖȉȓȈ-
ȋȖȌȈȘȐȓ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈȘțȎț
ǷȘȖȑȌȧ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȠȈȋȖȊ Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ
ȘȈȏȎȈȓ ȒțȓȈȒ Ǫ ȕȍȔ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȈȗȐșȒȈ Ǫ ȏȈȗȐșȒȍ șȚȖȧȓȖ
©ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ǷȘȐȝȖȌȐȚȍ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȋ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ Ȋ ȌȖȔ ǽȈȚȖ-
ǽȈȘȈ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ ǬȖȉȘȖȌȍȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ǴȈȚȍȘȐ ȅȚȖ — ȗțșȚȖȑ ȖșȖȉ-
ȕȧȒ ǹȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȈȦ ȗȘȐȍȔȈ ț șȍȉȧ,
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȓȐȠȕȐȝ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ».
ǹȐȕȋ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȕȖ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ Ȑ șȗȘȧȚȈȓ ȏȈȗȐșȒț Ȋ ȒȈȘ-
ȔȈȕ ǰȏ-ȏȈ țȋȓȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ Ȋ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȜțȘȈȎȒȍ Ƕȉ-
ȓȈȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ — ȒȖȘȍȕȈșȚȣȑ ȔȖȘȧȒ — ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ǹȐȕȋț Ȑ
ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒț Ƕȕ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȗȖ-ȘțșșȒȐ
— ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ȧ ȗȖȌȎȐȌȈȦ ȊȈș țȎȍ ș ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ Ǫșȍ ȐșȗȖȓ-
ȕȍȕȖ — ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȈȧ ȓȖȌȒȈ ȗȖȌȢȍȌȍȚ Ȓ șȈȔȖȑ ȓȐȕȐȐ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȣȝ șțȌȖȊ ǻ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȊȈș ȊȖȏȤȔȍȚ ȌȎȖȕȒȈ ș ȌȊțȔȧ ȜȖȕȈȘȧȔȐ

79
Ǵȣ țȎȍ șȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐșȤ ș ȓȖȌȖȟȕȐȒȖȔ ǩțȌȍȔ ȌȖȎȐȌȈȚȤșȧ ȊȈș
șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȖȟȤȦ ș ȟȈșț ȌȖ ȌȊțȝ
2. ǰȏȊȍșȚȐȧ. ǰȏȊȍșȚȐȧ ǰȏȊȍșȚȐȧ
ǶȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȕȞȈ Ȑȏ ȌȊțȝ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȔȍșȚ ǺȐȉȍȚȈ
ȗȖȌȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȍ Ȗ ȒȘȈȎȍ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȈ ǵȖ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȍ ȔȖ-
ȕȈșȚȣȘȧ ǩȈȖ-Ǭțȕ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȌȖșȚȐȋȓȖ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ
ǶȌȐȕ ȋȖȘȕȣȑ ȎȐȚȍȓȤ ȉȍȋȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȓ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȍ ȌȘțȋȖ-
Ȕț ș ȋȖȘ ȖȕȖ șȒȈȚȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȌȖȓȐȕȣ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȌȝȊȈȟȍȕȖ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜ-
ȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȒȖȑ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȓȚȖȘȈ Ȍȕȧ ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȋȘȈȉȓȍȕȐȧ ȔȖ-
ȕȈșȚȣȘȧ Ȑ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȍȕȐȧ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȝ ȓȈȔ ȕȈ ȖȉȘȣȊȍ ȋȖȘȣ ǺȈȕ-
Ǿȣ ȏȈȗȣȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȖȚȖȞȐȒȓȐșȚ ȊȐȝȘȍȔ ȗȘȖȕȍșșȧ ȔȍȎȌț ȉȈ-
ȘȈȒȖȊ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ șȚȈȊȒȐ ǿȎȈȕ-ǾȏȖ-dzȐȕȈ Ƕȕ ȗȖȟȚȐ țȗȈȓ
ȕȈ ȘțȒȐ ȟȈșȖȊȣȝ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȊȠȐȝ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȣ
ǿȎȈȕ-ǾȏȖ-dzȐȕ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȍ șȐȌȧ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ȠȚȈ-
ȉȈ ȏȈ șȚȖȓȖȔ ȏȈȊȈȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȒȈȘȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȘȈȗȖȘȚȈȔȐ ȟȈșȚȍȑ
ǿȎȈȕ-ǾȏȖ-dzȐȕ ȉȣȓ ȖȠȍȓȖȔȓȍȕ Ƕȕ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȏȕȈ-
ȟȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȗȈȎȐ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȖȉȌțȔȈȕȕȖ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȐȔ ȌȖȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȈ ǭȋȖ șțȌȤȉȈ ȍȋȖ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ șȈȔȖȋȖ șȐȓȤȕȖȋȖ
ȗȖȓȒȖȊȖȌȞȈ DzȐȚȈȧ ȏȈȊȐșȍȓȐ ȖȚ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȉțȔȈȎȒȐ
ǸȈȏȊȍ ȇȗȖȕȐȧ ȏȈȚȘȈȚȐȊȠȈȧ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȈȘȔȐȦ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ,
ȗȖȚȍȘȗȐȚ ȖȉȔȈȕ" ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȋșȍ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ șȚȘȈȕȣ ȕȍ ȕȈȟȕțȚ Ȑȕ-
ȚȍȘȊȍȕȞȐȦ șȍȊȍȘȈ DzȐȚȈȧ ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȊȠȐșȤ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȋȖȔ"
ǵȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȕȖ ǬȍȚȐ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖ-
ȕȈ ȗȘȈȊȣ, Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȚȘȍȉțȧ ȐȏȋȕȈȕȐȧ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȍȊ
ǭȋȖ ȈȘȔȐȧ șȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ ȕȈȟȈȚȤ ȌȍȓȖ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ DzȐ-
ȚȈȧ
ǬȊȈ ȟȈșȈ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ șȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ȗȖȋȘț-
Ȏȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȗȓȈȕȣ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȊȣȏȊȈȓ ȈȌȢȦ-
ȚȈȕȚȈ ǷȖȌȊȐȎȕȖȑ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȑ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ ȉȣȓ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ
ȒȖȔț Ȗȕ ȌȖȊȍȘȧȓ Ȋșȍ șȊȖȐ ȏȈȔȣșȓȣ
— ǪȈȠȍ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ
— ǷȖȌȖȑȌȐ ȉȓȐȎȍ ǹȓțȠȈȑ

80
ǶȜȐȞȍȘ șȍȓ ț șȚȖȓȈ ǿȎȈȕ-ǾȏȖ-dzȐȕ ȏȈȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȕȈȒȓȖ-
ȕȧȧșȤ Ȓ șȈȔȖȔț ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞț
— ǹȓțȠȈȑ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȇ ȗȖȋȐȉ ȔȖȧ ȚȈȑȕȈ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘ ș
ǼȘȈȕȞȐȍȑ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ Ǻȣ
ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȠȤ — ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȘȊȍȚ ț ȕȐȝ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕ-
ȚȈ ǺȈȒ ȊȖȚ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓ Ȕȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȕȍȚ ȊȣȉȖȘȈ ǷȖȍȏȎȈȑ Ȓ
ǼȈ șȒȈȎȐ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȖȋȓȈșȍȕ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌȐȚȤ ȐȏȋȕȈȕȐȍȔ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕ-
ȞȍȊ ǰ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȊȓȈȌȍȦȚ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕ-
ȚȖȔ ǭșȓȐ ȌȈ ȗțșȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȍȘȍȎȕȍȍ ȝȘȈȕȧȚ ȍȋȖ ǷȖȗȈȊ
Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȍȊ Ȗȕ ȗȖȋțȉȐȚ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȖ Ȑ ȊșȦ
șȚȘȈȕț
ǪȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȈȌȢȦȚȈȕȚ ǿȎȈȕ-ǾȏȖ-dzȐȕȈ șȘȖȟȕȖ
ȗȘȐȉȣȓ Ȋ ǷȍȒȐȕ Ȍȓȧ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ ș ǼȈ ǰ ȊȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȊȍșȚȤ
Ȗ ȒȘȈȎȍ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȈ țȌȈȘȐȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȘȈȏȘȧȌ Ȋ
șȖȉȘȈȕȐȐ ȌȍȚȍȑ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ șȖȏȊȈȕȕȖȔ ǼȈ Ȋ șȊȧȏȐ ș
ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍȔ șȍȊȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȌȐȒȚȈȚȖȘȈ
ǨȌȢȦȚȈȕȚț ȉȣȓȖ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ȖȉșțȌȐȚ șȓȖȊȈ
ȍȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȈ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȍȡȍ Ȋ ȗțȚȐ ȟȚȖ
ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȍȋȖ ȌȖșȚȈȊȒȐ șȈȔ ǼȈ ȗȘȐȉțȌȍȚ Ȓ ǿȎȈȕ-
ǾȏȖ-dzȐȕț Ȍȓȧ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ ǨȌȢȦȚȈȕȚ țȍȝȈȓ Ǫ ȔȖȋȐȓȤȕȖȑ
ȚȐȠȐȕȍ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȖȑ ȏȈȓȣ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȑ ǼȈ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȍȘȍȟȐȚȣȊȈȓ
șȚȘȖȒȐ ȠȐȜȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȌȍȗȍȠȐ
«ǹȊȧȡȍȕȕȈȧ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖșȚȤ țȚȘȈȟȍȕȈ Ȍȓȧ ȊȍȘȕȣȝ — șȚȖ-
ȕȈȓȈ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȈ. — ǷȖȝȐȚȐȚȍȓȤ dzȐ-ǪȖ țȉȐȚ ǹȐȕȋȖȔ ǩȍȓȣȑ
ȌȤȧȊȖȓ ȎȐȓ ȗȖȌ ȗȓȈȚȤȍȔ țȉȐȊȠȍȋȖ ǵȖ Ȑ ț ǹȐȕȋȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȊȐȕȈ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȗȕ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ ȓȍȚȈȦȡȍȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȍ
ȉȍȓȣȝ ǹȐȕȐȑ ȔȘȈȒ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȐșȟȍȏȕȖȊȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȟȈșȚȐ șȖ ȏȕȈȒȈȔȐ ȒȘțȎȒȖȊ Ȑ ȘțȒ ǷȘȐșȚțȗȐȓȐ Ȓ ȗȖȐ-
șȒȈȔ ȚȍȓȈ dzȐ-ǪȖ șȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤ Ǫ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ
ȌțȝȈȔȐ șȘȖȒ ȕȍȌȖșȚȖȑȕȣȍ ȌȍȚȐ ȗȘȐȗȈȌțȚ Ȓ șȚȖȗȈȔ ȘȈȏȋȕȍ-
ȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ».
ǹȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȖ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȘȈșȟȍȚȣ
ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȓȐșȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǿȎȈȕ-ǾȏȖ-dzȐȕ ȐșȗțȋȈȓșȧ ȘȈȏȖȉȓȈȟȍȕȐȑ
Ȑ ȖȚȌȈȍȚ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ — ȟȚȖ șȒȈȎȍȚ Ȗȕ țȏȕȈȊ ȟȚȖ
ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ȕȍ șȔȖȋȓȖ țȉȍȘȍȟȤ ȉțȔȈȋț" ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȍȌ ȍȡȍ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȗȘȐȕȍșȚȐ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȡȐȑșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ ȘțȒȈȝ.
ǵțȎȕȖ ȏȈȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȟȈșȚȤ ȧȊȕȖ ȐȔȍȦȡțȦșȧ ț ǹȐȕ-
ȋȈ Ǫ ȖȉȡȍȔ ȉȍȏȔȖȓȊȐȐ ǼȈ ȔȘȈȟȕȖ ȊȣȊȖȌȐȓ ȐȍȘȖȋȓȐȜȣ

81
ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈ
« ǪȍȘȕȣȔ șȍȊȍȘȈ ȦȋȈ ȊȖșȚȖȒȈ ȏȈȗȈȌȈ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ țȒȘȈȊ-
ȠȐȑ ȚȈȑȕȣ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ȉȍȎȈȓ Ȑȏ ǺȐȉȍȚȈ ȕȈ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȍ. ǿȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȚȤ țȉȐȚ ȕȈȑȌȍȕȕȣȍ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉțȔȈȋȐ — ȌȖșȚȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȣ Ȋ ǷȍȒȐȕ ǰȔȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ — ǹȐȕȋ ǷȘȐȔȍȚȣ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ»
Ǫ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ șȍȊȍȘȍ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȚȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȥȚȐ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ
Ȧȋ DzȐȚȈȧ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȓ ȌȘțȋȖȍ
Ǫ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȗȖȓțȚȍȔȕȖȔ ȝȘȈȔȍ DzȈȕȚȖȕȈ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȉȘȖȕȏȖ-
ȊȖȋȖ ȐȏȊȈȧȕȐȧ «șȐȌȧȡȍȋȖ ȚȐȋȘȈ», ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ ȗȖȓțȓȍȎȈȓȐ
ȌȊȈ ȌȍșȧȚȒȈ ȒȖșȚȓȧȊȣȝ, ȌȤȧȊȖȓȤșȒȐ șȊȐȘȍȗȣȝ ȕȈ ȊȐȌ ȒȐȚȈȑ-
ȞȍȊ ǶȕȐ ȏȈȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȐșȤ șȓȈȌȒȐȔ ȌțȘȔȈȕȖȔ ȖȗȐțȔȈ ȠȐȗȧȡȍ-
ȋȖ Ȋ ȋȓȐȕȧȕȣȝ ȟȈȠȍȟȒȈȝ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȝ ȉȈȔȉțȒȖȊȣȝ ȚȘțȉȖȒ 
ȅȚȖ ȏȈșȍȌȈȓ ȞȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚ ȚȐȋȘȖȊ — ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ
ȜȈȠȐșȚȖȊ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȖȗȘȈȊȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȖȚ ȘȈȏȋȘȖȔȈ ȕȈȕȍ-
șȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȐȔ ǹțȕ-ȇȚ-ǹȍȕȖȔ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȣȔ ȗȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚȖȔ ȦȎ-
ȕȖȋȖ DzȐȚȈȧ
ǬȊȖȍ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȦȡȐȝ ȊȝȖȌ ȝȘȈȔȈ ȊȗțșȚȐȓȐ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȧ
ȅȚȖ — ȕȍ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ǭȋȖ ȕȐȏȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȚȖȓșȚȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȒȈ ș ȘȖȏȖȊȣȔ
ȚȖȓșȚȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȗȖȌ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ ȞȐȓȐȕȌȘȖȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȘȖȉȒȖ Ȑ
ȖȗȈșȓȐȊȖ Ǵȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ țȏȕȈȚȤ Ȋ ȕȍȔ țȟȈșȚȕȐȒȈ ȔȐȚȐȕȋȈ
ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȈ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕȞȈ ȚȈȒ ȓȖȊȒȖ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȏȈȗȐșȒț ȕȈ-
ȗȐșȈȕȕțȦ ȍȋȖ șȖșȍȌȖȔ
ǼȈȠȐșȚȣ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȟȍȒ ȉȘȍȏȋ-
ȓȐȊȖ ȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȝ ȚȘȖșȚȕȐȒȖȊȣȝ ȒȖȊȘȐ-
ȒȖȊ Ȑ șȍȓ ș ȗȖȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȏȌȖȝȖȔ Ƕȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ
ǸȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓșȧ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖ
Dz ȖȉȖȦȌȕȖȔț țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȦ ȊȣȧșȕȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȚȐȋȘȣ —
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȐ ȒțȗȞȖȊ ȋȘȍȦȡȐȝ ȘțȒȐ ț ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȒȈȗȐ-
ȚȈȓȖȊ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȟȤ ȖȚȌȍȓȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȕȖȋȖ ǹțȕȤ-
ǪȥȕȈ Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȉȖȋȈȟȐ ȚȖȎȍ ș țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ
țȏȕȈȓȐ ȉȣ Ȗ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȉȖȘȞȈ ȏȈ ȕȍȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖșȚȤ DzȐȚȈȧ ǭșȓȐ ȌȈ-
Ȏȍ Ȍȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȕȈȌȖȉȐȚșȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Țȣșȧȟ ȌȖȓȓȈȘȖȊ  ǯȈ-
ȚȍȔ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȑ ȠȍȓȍșȚ ȉțȔȈȎȕȣȝ ȗȈȟȍȒ ȗȍȘȍȝȖ-
ȌȧȡȐȝ Ȑȏ ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒȈ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕȞȈ Ȋ șȒȓȈȌȒȐ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ ȚȐȋ-
ȘȖȊ Ǫ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȍ — ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȕȕȖȓȐȞȣȝ ȝțȌȣȝ ȈȏȐȈȚȖȊ
ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȓȐ șȚȘȈȠȕțȦ ȒȓȧȚȊț «ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȕȖȎȈ».
ǷȍȘȍȌ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȑ șȚȈȚțȍȑ șȐȌȧȡȍȋȖ ȚȐȋȘȈ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȒȓȧ-
ȓȐșȤ ȕȍ ȗȐȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍ ȍșȚȤ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕțȚ Ȑ ȕȍ țȉȤȦȚ ȖȉȘȍ-

82
ȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǹțȕȤ-ǪȥȕȈ ȐȕȣȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ, ǹțȕ-ȇȚ-ǹȍȕȈ ȕȍțȒȘȖ-
ȚȐȔȖȋȖ ȉȖȘȞȈ ȏȈ șȊȖȉȖȌț Ȑ ȕȍȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖșȚȤ DzȐȚȈȧ
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ Ȋ ȚȖȚ șȈȔȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋ
ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȕȈ ȔȐȚȐȕȋȍ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȏȈȗȐșȒț Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȔȐȚȐȕ-
ȋȈ — șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȗȘȐȉȣȚȐȐ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȐ
 DzȖȔȕȈȚȈ ȗȖȚȖȓȖȒ ȖȒȕȖ
— Ǫȣ țȊȍȘȍȕȣ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ șȓȍȌȐȚ ȏȈ ȕȈȔȐ"
ǪȖȗȘȖș ȏȈȌȈȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȠȍȌȠȐȑ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȚȖȧȓ ȟțȚȒȖ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȧșȤ ȖȗțșȚȐȊ ȖȌȕț ȘțȒț ȕȈ
ȘțȟȒț ȌȊȍȘȐ ȌȘțȋțȦ — Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȋȖ ȗȈȓȤ-
ȚȖ ǪȖȘȖȚȕȐȒ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȌȕȧȚ ȕȐȎȕȦȦ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț ȓȐȞȈ
ȖȒțȚȣȊȈȓ ȗȖȓȖșȈȚȣȑ ȠȈȘȜ ȕȈȌȊȐȕțȚȈȧ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȒȍȗȒȈ ȗȖȟ-
ȚȐ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȊȍȘȝȕȦȦ ȟȈșȚȤ ǵȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȝ ȕȍ
țȏȕȈȓ ȉȣ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȍ Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋȈ ȗȘȐȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ Ȋ țșȓȖȊ-
ȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȏȈȗȐșȒȖȑ ȔȍșȚȖ
ǵȈȏȕȈȟȐȊȠȐȑ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȍ șȐȌȍȓ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȉȖȒȖȔ Ȓ
ȠȈȚȒȖȔț ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȖȔț șȚȖȓț ǪȖȘȖȚȕȐȒ ȍȋȖ țȏȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȌȓȐȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȎȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȚ Ȑ ȠȓȧȗȈ-ȒȖȚȍȓȖȒ ȕȈȌȊȐȕțȚȈ
ȕȈ țȠȐ ǹȔȖȘȡȍȕȕțȦ ȎȍȓȚȖȊȈȚțȦ ȒȖȎț ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ ȗȍȘȍșȍ-
ȒȈȓȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȈȧ ȉȍȓȈȧ ȗȖȊȧȏȒȈ Ƕȕ ȒȐȊȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ǵȍ ȉȖȑȚȍșȤ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȍȚ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ Ǵȣ ȊȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȔ ȥȚȈ-
Ȏȍ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȚȤ ș țȓȐȞȣ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȇ ȕȈȘȖȟȕȖ ȊȣȉȘȈȓ ȥȚȖȚ
ȌȖȔ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȑ Ȓ ȋȈȊȈȕȐ ǹȈȌȐȚȍșȤ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ȔȖȐ țȠȐ ȖȚȒȘȣ-
Țȣ Ȍȓȧ ȊȈȠȐȝ șȓȖȊ
Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȑ șȍȓ ȗȖ ȌȘțȋțȦ
șȚȖȘȖȕț șȚȖȓȈ
— Ǵȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ.  ǷȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȟȤȐ-ȚȖ ȓȍȋȒȐȍ ȠȈȋȐ
ǪȖȚǶȕ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ șȖȘȊȈȓșȧ ș ȔȍșȚȈ Ȑ ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȋ
ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ Ǫ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȖȚșȚțȗȐȊȠȐȑ ȔȘȈȒ ȊȌȈȊȐȓȈșȤ ȎȐȌȒȈȧ
ȗȖȓȖșȈ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȕȖȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ ǷȖșȚȖȧȊ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ ǹȐȕȋ
ȏȈȚȊȖȘȐȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȌȊȈ ȘȈȏȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ ȒȓȦȟ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ șȚț-
ȓț

84
— ǰȏȊȐȕȐȚȍ ȔȖȦ ȓȐȠȕȦȦ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȇ ȕȐ ȕȈ
șȍȒțȕȌț ȕȍ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȦ ȟȤȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȗȖȌȊȍȘ-
ȋȈȚȤ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ǵȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ șȗȖȒȖȍȕ ǰȚȈȒ 
ǷȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖșȚȐ Ȗȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȉȣ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȕȈȟȍ
ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȓ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤȦ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ șȒȊȖȏȤ șȚȍȕȣ Ȑ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȖȚț Ƕȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȉȣ șȒțȓȈșȚțȦ, ȏȓȖȘȈȌȕȖ țȝȔȣȓȧȦȡțȦșȧ
ȜȐȏȐȖȕȖȔȐȦ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȧȡțȦ șȕȈȘțȎȐ Ȋ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȒȊȈȌȘȈȚ ȖȒȕȈ ǵȖșȐȚȍȓȤ ȥȚȖȑ ȜȐȏȐȖȕȖȔȐȐ ȊȐșȍȓ șȒȖȘ-
ȟȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ țȏȒȖȔ ȊȣșȚțȗȍ ȕȈȘțȎȕȖȑ șȚȍȕȣ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ
ȈȘȠȐȕȈȝ ȕȈȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ DzȈȒ Ȗȕ ȊȏȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȥȚț ȊȣșȖȚț" ǻȏ-
ȒȐȍ ȗȓȍȟȐ ȌȍșȧȚȒȈ șțȉȢȍȒȚȖȊ ȘȈșȚȧȕțȊȠȐȝșȧ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȊȌȖȓȤ
șȚȍȕȣ ȉȍȏ șȓȖȊ ȗȖȧșȕȐȓȐ ȚȘțȌȕȣȑ ȈȒȘȖȉȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȗȘȐȍȔ
ǵȖ ȟȐșȓȖ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ ȕȍ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȊȈȓȖșȤ ȥȚȐȔ.
ǯȊțȒȐ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȊȠȐȍșȧ Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋț ȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȕȍ ȖȚ ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȉ ș
ȗȖȚȖȓȒȈ ǵȈ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȍ șȘȍȌȐ ȗȖȚȍȔȕȍȊȠȐȝ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȌȖșȖȒ
ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȈȧ ȌȣȘȈ ǬȣȘȈ ȚțșȒȓȖ ȗȖ-
ȉȓȍșȒȐȊȈȓȈ țȏȒȐȔ ȏȘȈȟȒȖȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȘȈșȚȧȕțȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȗȓȈȠ-
Ȕȧ Ȋ ȗȣȓȤȕȖȑ ȟȍȘȌȈȟȕȖȑ ȚȤȔȍ
DzȍȘȖșȐȕȖȊȈȧ ȓȈȔȗȈ Ȋ ȞȍȕȚȘȍ șȚȖȓȈ ȖȚȉȘȈșȣȊȈȓȈ țȘȖȌȓȐ-
Ȋȣȍ ȚȍȕȐ ȕȈ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȍ șȚȍȕȣ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ǹȐȕȋ ȘȈȏȔȖȚȈȓ ȠȈȘȜ
ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȌȊȖȑȕȐȒ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȍ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȘȈȏȕȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȌȊȐ-
ȎȍȕȐȧ ǬȓȐȕȕȈȧ ȚȍȕȤ ȐșȒȈȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ȗȘȐȗȓȧșȣȊȈȓȈ Ȑ
ȐȏȊȐȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȚȈȒȚ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȔȍȕȧȊȠȐȔșȧ ȜȘȈȏȈȔ
ǹȐȕȋ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ȧ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȖȊȐȌȈȚȤșȧ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȊȈȔ
Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȈȔ ȔȖȋț ȌȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ ȇ șȓȍ-
ȌȐȓ ȏȈ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤȦ «ȌȍȚȍȑ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ» ǰȔ ȉȣȓȖ
ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȤ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ ȒȈșȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ǿȎȈȕ-ǾȏȖ-dzȐȕȈ.
Ƕȕ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȌȊȖȧȒȖȍ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ Ǫ ȘțȒȈȝ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȍȊ Ȗȕ — ȗȖ-
ȊȖȌ Ȓ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȊȍȕȞȐȐ Ȋ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȘțȒȈȝ — ȔȖȋțȟȍȍ
ȖȘțȎȐȍ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȧ
ǬȖȒțȔȍȕȚ ȉȣȓ ȘȈȏȢȍȌȐȕȍȕ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȖȌȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȈ ȌȘțȋȈȧ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȋȌȍ ǪȖȚ
ȔȖȧ ȟȈșȚȤ — ȖȚȌȈȑȚȍ ȍȍ «ȌȍȚȧȔ» ȇ țȍȏȎȈȦ Ȑ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț ȟȚȖȉȣ
Ȕȍȕȧ șȟȐȚȈȓȐ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȍȔ
DzȐȚȈȍȞ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȓȐșȚ Ȑ ȎȈȌȕȖ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȍȋȖ
ȚȍȒșȚ

85
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȋșȍ ǩțȌȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ ș ȗȍȟȈȚȧȔȐ Ȑ
ȗȖȌȗȐșȧȔȐ ǿȎȈȕ-ǾȏȖ-dzȐȕ ȗȘȐșȖȍȌȐȕȐȓșȧ ȉȣ Ȓ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȍ-
ȕȐȦ Ǵȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȑ ȉțȔȈȋȍ ǬȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ țȌȈȘ ȗȖ ȗȓȈ-
ȕȈȔ «ȌȍȚȍȑ» ǰ Ȋȣ ȍȌȍȚȍ — ȊȍȘȕȍȍ ȉȍȎȐȚȍ" «ǬȍȚȐ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ
ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ» ȋȖȕȧȚșȧ ȏȈ ȊȈȔȐ"
ǹȐȕȋ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ȇ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȦ ǹȓȐȠȒȖȔ șȒȖȘȖ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ țșȗȍȚȤ ǰ
ȧ ȕȍ ȉȖȦșȤ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ șȘȖȟȕȣȍ ȌȍȓȈ ȧ șȈȔ șȢȍȏȌȐȓ ȉȣ Ȋ
ǷȍȒȐȕ ǯȕȈȟȐȚ Ȋȣ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȚȍ ȔȖȦ ȗȘȖșȤȉț"
DzȐȚȈȍȞ șȗȘȧȚȈȓ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ
«ǬȈ ȧ șȌȍȓȈȦ ȥȚȖ Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȣșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ȘțșșȒȐȍ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ ȋȖȘȧȟȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȦȚ-
șȧ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȖȑ ǹȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȐȔ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȋȖȚȖȊȣ ǩȤȍȚ ȌȊȍ-
ȕȈȌȞȈȚȣȑ ȟȈș Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȖȊ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ DzȐȚȈȧ ǬȍȔȖȒȘȈ-
ȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȐȏȔ Ȑ “ȒȖȕșȚȐȚțȞȐȧ ȗȧȚȐ șȐȓ” — ȊȖȚ ȚȖ
ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ ȟȍȋȖ Ȕȣ șȚȖȐȔ».
Ǫ șȐȓȤȕȖȔ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȐ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ ȊșȒȐȕțȓ
Ȗȉȍ ȘțȒȐ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ Ǫ ȕȖȊȖȔ șȚȘȖȍ
ȕȈȠ ȕȈȘȖȌ — ȗȘȖșȚȖȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ — ȗȖȓțȟȐȚ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȈȓȖ ǵȖ Ȕȣ
ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȍȘȣ ȉțȌȍȔ ȉȖȘȖȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ǷȖșȓȍ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕ-
ȞȍȊ țȑȌțȚ ȌțȌȏȦȕȣ DzȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ, ȘȈȕȖ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ Ȑ Ȕȣ
ȌȖȉȤȍȔșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ Ȑȏ șȈȔȐȝ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ Ȑ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕ
ȏȈȉȖȚȐȓȖșȤ Ȗ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȗȧȚȐșȖȚȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ
Ƕȕ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȟȈșȣ Ȑ ȘȈȏȖȔ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȗȘȍȎȕȦȦ ȉȍș-
șȚȘȈșȚȕțȦ ȖșȈȕȒț
— ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȟȈș ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȚ ǵȍ ȉțȌȍȔ
ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ — șȈȔȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȏȈ ȕȈș ǬȈ ȌȈ ȉțȌȤ-
Țȍ țȊȍȘȍȕȣ — ȧ ȐșȗȖȓȕȦ ȊȈȠȍ ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȐȍ
Ƕȕ Ȋȏȧȓ ȓȈȔȗț Ȑ ȖȚȊȖȘȐȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȧ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ ǹȐȕȋ
șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ǻȎȍ ȖȚȚțȌȈ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȏȈȋȓțȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȖ-
ȓȖș ȗȖȎȐȓȖȋȖ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈ
— ǶȌȕț ȔȐȕțȚț  Ǭȓȧ ȔȖȍȋȖ șȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȧ — ȕȈ ȊșȧȒȐȑ
șȓțȟȈȑ ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȌȖȑȌȍȚȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖ ȕȖ ȗȖȎȈ-
ȓțȑșȚȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚ ǵȍ ȖȚȒȈȏȣȊȈȑȚȍșȤ ȗȖȔ-
ȕȐȚȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȋșȍ Ȕȣ Ȋȣ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚȍ ȕȍ șȍȉȍ 
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓȖșȤ ȠțȘȠȈȕȤȍ Ȑ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȈȧ ȊȖȏȕȧ
Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȌșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ șȗȘȣȋȕțȓ

86
ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ǹȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȍȔȣȑ șȖȖȉȡȕȐȒȈȔȐ Ȗȕ Ȑșȟȍȏ ȏȈ ȗȖ-
ȊȖȘȖȚȖȔ ȌȖȔȈ
ǵȐȎȕȧȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȝȓȖȗȕțȓȈ ǪȣȠȓȐ ȌȊȍ ȜȐȋțȘȣ DzȘȍȗȒȖ
ȗȖȎȈȊ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȘțȒȐ ȖȕȐ ȏȈȠȈȋȈȓȐ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ
ǵȍ țșȗȍȓȐ Ȑȝ ȠȈȋȐ ȘȈșȚȈȧȚȤ Ȋ ȕȖȟȕȖȑ ȚȐȠȐ ȒȈȒ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ȌȖȔȈ șȕȖȊȈ ȖȚȊȖȘȐȓȈșȤ
ǷȘȐȗȈȌȈȧ Ȓ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȠȍșȚȍȘȖ Ȋ ȠȐȘȖ-
ȒȖȔ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȔ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ǶȕȐ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ
Ȋ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȔ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ, Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ ȖȚȘȧȌ ȎȌȈȊȠȐȑ șȕȈȘț-
ȎȐ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȑ ȉȍșȠțȔȕȖ ȗȖȓȏ ȗȖ ȗȧȚȈȔ ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ țȟȈșȚȕȐȒȈ
ȕȖȟȕȖȑ ȉȍșȍȌȣ
 ǩȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȖȝȖȚȈ ȚȐȋȘȖȊ
Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ƞȍȓ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ȘȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȔ
ȔȐȋȈȦȡȐȔ șȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȔșȧ Ȑ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȦȡȐȔ șȕȖȊȈ ȖȋȕȧȔ
ȒȈȕȚȖȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȚȈ
DzȈȒ ȗȖȗȈȓ ǹȐȕȋ Ȋ DzȈȕȚȖȕ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȓȍȎȈȡȐȑ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ șȖ-
Țȍȕ ȊȍȘșȚ ȖȚ ǺȐȉȍȚȈ" DzȈȒ ȔȖȋ Ȗȕ ȖȟțȚȐȚȤșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ȚȈȒ ȉȣ-
șȚȘȖ" DzțȌȈ ȌȍȊȈȓȈșȤ ȍȋȖ șȗțȚȕȐȞȈ — ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȈȧ «ȕȍȊȍșȚȈ
ȎȐȊȖȋȖ ǩțȌȌȣ» ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȒțȗȓȍȕȕȈȧ Ȋ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ ǽȈȕȤ-
DzȖț"ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȔ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓȈșȤ ȚȘȍȚȤȧ ȟȈșȚȤ
ȘȖȔȈȕȈ
ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȔ
ǸȖȊȕȈȧ șȍȘȈȧ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȈ ȚȐȉȍȚșȒȖȋȖ ȗȓȖșȒȖȋȖȘȤȧ ǫȖȚȖ-
Ȋȣȑ ȊȏȓȍȚȍȚȤ șȈȔȖȓȍȚ ș ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȊȘȈȡȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȗȘȖȗȍȓ-
ȓȍȘȖȔ ǻ ȍȋȖ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȋȖ ȖȚȚȖȗȣȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȘȣȓȈ ȊȍȎȓȐȊȖ țȓȣ-
ȉȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ȓȍȚȟȐȒ — ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ǫȐȓȤȉȍȘȚ ǫțȕȚ — ș ȉȘȈțȕȐȕ-
ȋȖȔ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ ǰ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ — ȌȊȍ ȐșȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȉȍȋșȚȊȖȔ ȗȘȖ-
șȧȡȐȍ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȜȐȋțȘȣ țȔȖȓȧȦȡȍ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȦȡȈȧ ȘțȒȐ
ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ Ȑ ȕȈȝȔțȘȍȕȕȣȑ, ȉȓȍȌȕȣȑ ȖȚ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȕȍȋȖȌȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȧ Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ȐȏȓȖȎȐȓ șȊȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ǹȐȕȋ ȧș-
ȕȖ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȟȐȚȈȚȤșȧ ȗȘȖȐȋȘȈȕȕȖȑ ǷȘȍ-
șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȐ ȕȈșȚȐȋȕțȚ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȧȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ — ȒȈȒȐȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ

87
ȗȣȚȒȐ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȍȔț ȊȣȕȍșȚȐ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȘțȒȈȝ ǵȍ Ȋșȍ ȓȐ ȘȈȊȕȖ"
Ƕȕ ȘȍȠȐȓșȧ ǷȘȣȋȕțȊ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț Ȗȕ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȤȞȈ
ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȈ
ǫȐȓȤȉȍȘȚ ǫțȕȚ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ȒȈȚȍȋȖȘȐȐ ȚȘțșȖȊ — Ȋșȧ
ȍȋȖ șȓȈȊȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ǵȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȘȈȏ Ȗȕ ȉȍșșȚȘȈȠȕȖ Ƞȍȓ
ȗȖ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȔ șȓȍȌȈȔ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖȕȖȋȖȋȖ ȎȐȚȍȓȧ ȐȕȌȐȑșȒȐȝ ȌȎțȕȋ-
ȓȍȑ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȘȋȕțȊ șȗțșȒȈȓ ȒțȘȖȒ ȊȐȌȧ Ȋ ȗȧȚȐ ȠȈȋȈȝ ȍȋȖ
ȔȖȝȕȈȚȣȑ ȕȖș Ȑ ȕȈȓȐȚȣȍ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ǩ ȚȍȔȕȖȒȖȎȐȑ ȚȐ-
ȉȍȚȍȞ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȓȐ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȈ ȚȈȒȐȔ Ȏȍ ȏȊȍȘȍȔ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȖȗȈșȕȣȔ"
Ƕȕ ȝȓȈȌȕȖȒȘȖȊȕȖ ȊșȒȐȕțȓ ȖȘțȎȐȍ Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȌȈȊȐȓ
șȖȉȈȟȒț ǷȍȘȍȌ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȖ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȍȍ ȚȍȓȖ
ȉȘȖșȐȊȠȍȍșȧ ȕȈȗȍȘȍȘȍȏ ǸȈȕȍȕȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Ȗȗțș-
ȒȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȗȓȖșȒȐȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ Ȉ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ȗȖȟțȊșȚ-
ȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȊȓȈȌȍȍȚ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ Ƕȕ
ȓȍȎȈȓ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȊȍșȕȣȑ ȊȘȈȋ șȒȘțȟȐȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ Șț-
ȒȐ Ȑ ȕȖȋȐ ȍȋȖ Ȏȍ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȠȈȘȜȖȔ
ǺȈȒ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȗȖȎȍȘȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ șȖȉȖȦ ȊȖ ȐȔȧ ȍȌȊȈ ȏȈȘȖȌȐȊ-
Ƞȍȑșȧ șȔțȚȕȖȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ DzȖȋȌȈ ǹȐȕȋ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ ȌȖ-
șȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȘȖȟȕȖ șȚȧȕțȊ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖȉȍȎȌȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȗȕ țȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓ șȒȖȘȟȍȕȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ șȊȖȍȑ șȗȈșȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȣ ǷȖȌ ȚȍȗȓȣȔ Ȕȍ-
ȝȖȔ ȝȖȓȖȌȍȓȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ǩȓȍȌȕȖȍ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ȗȖȓțȏȈȒȘȣȚȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȏȈȡȐȚȣ ȘțȒȖȑ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȗȖȌȍȘȋȐ-
ȊȈȓȐșȤ ȚțȔȈȕȕȖȑ ȌȣȔȒȖȑ
ǷȖȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ Ȋ ȋȖȘȓȍ ȌȈȊȧ-
ȡȐȑ ȒȓțȉȖȒ ǹȐȕȋ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈȌ ȚȘțȗȖȔ Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ
ȓȐȕȐȐ șȒȈȓ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȖȊȖȋȖ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȧ
ǹȐȕȋ ȗȘȣȋȕțȓ Ȋ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕ Ȑ ȗțșȚȐȓ ȔȖȚȖȘ ǹȈȔȖȓȍȚ șȚȈȓ
ȗȖȌȣȔȈȚȤșȧ Ƕȕ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȟȈșȖȊ ȕȈ
ȘȖȊȕȖȑ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȍ Ȋ ȟȈșȍ ȝȖȌȤȉȣ ȖȚ ȞȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȣȝ țȓȐȞ DzȈȕ-
ȚȖȕȈ
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ǹȐȕȋ ȠȈȋȈȧ ȗȖ ȗțșȚȖȑ ȗȘȐȔȖȘșȒȖȑ
țȓȐȞȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȋȘțȌȈȔȐ ȌȖșȖȒ Ȑ ȚȦȒȖȊ ȕȍȊȍȘȕȖ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȦ-
ȡȐȝ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ ȒȈȟȈȍȔȣȝ ȊȍȚȘȖȔ ȜȖȕȈȘȍȑ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȓ Ȗȕ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȖȐșȒȐ ȚȍȓȈ țȉȐȚȖȋȖ dzȤȊȖȊȈ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȗȘȐȕȧȚȣȍ ȏȈȌȕȐȔ ȟȐșȓȖȔ ȓȈȔȈȔȐ Ȑ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȐ Ȓ
ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȕȍțȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȈȔ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȚȈȒ-
Ȏȍ Ȗ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖȑ ȕȈȝȖȌȒȍ ȒȈȓȤȒțȚȚșȒȖȑ șȗȈșȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȥȒș-

88
ȗȍȌȐȞȐȐ ȗȖșȓȈȕȕȖȑ ȕȈ ȗȖȐșȒȐ ǫțȕȚȈ ȅȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȧ ȊȣȗȖȓ-
ȕȐȓȈ ȏȈȌȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ  — ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȖȕȈ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ Ȋ
șȚȖȓȐȞț ǰȕȌȐȐ ȌȊțȝ ȕȈȑȌȍȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȋȖȘȈȝ ȉȍȓȖȒȖȎȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ǯȈȌțȔȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ƞȍȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ
ȊșȚȈȊȈȓȐ ȕȍȧșȕȣȍ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȣ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȉȖȍȊȣȝ șțȌȖȊ ȏȈ-
ȗȖȓȕȧȦȡȐȝ ȒȈȕȚȖȕșȒȐȑ ȗȖȘȚ ȌȍȘȎȈȡȐȝ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȗȖȌ ȊȍȟȕȣȔ
ȗȘȐȞȍȓȖȔ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȋȖȚȖȊȣȝ Ȓ ȉȖȔȉȈȘȌȐȘȖȊȒȍ ȖȘțȌȐȑ ǶȚȒȘȣ-
ȊȈȓșȧ ȘȍȑȌ Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȏȈȌȐ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȠȍȓȍșȚ ȒȘȈ-
ȌțȡȐȝșȧ ȕȖȋ
«ǬȍȚȐ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ» — Ȏȋțȟȍȑ ȔȖȓȕȐȍȑ țȌȈȘȐȓȈ ȌȖ-
ȋȈȌȒȈ Ƕȕ șȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȘțȟȒț ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȈ ǵȖ ȖȘțȎȐȍ ȚȈȒ Ȑ
ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȍ ǹȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ
ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ǹȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤ ȗȘȣȋȕțȊȠȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ȖȉȘțȠȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ șȖȋȕțȊȠȐȍșȧ ȗȓȍȟȐ ǩȓȍșȕțȓȐ ȋȓȈȌȒȐȍ
ȒȓȐȕȒȐ ȕȖȎȍȑ ǹȐȕȋ ȏȈȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȐȏȕȍȔȖȋȈȧ ȗȖȌ ȎȐȊȣȔ

89
ȋȘțȏȖȔ țȎȍ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ț ȋȖȘȓȈ ȝȖȓȖȌȕțȦ șȚȈȓȤ Ȑ ȓȐȗȒȐȍ
ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȊșȒȖȟȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȐ
ǷȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȠȐȗȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȐșȟȍȏȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ
ȚȧȎȍșȚȐ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȖȋȓȧȕțȚȤșȧ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ șȊȖȉȖȌȍȕ DzȐ-
ȚȈȑȞȣ ȖȚșȚțȗȐȓȐ ȊșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧșȤ ȋȖȘȧȡȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
— ȅȚȖ ȕȍ Ȗȕ ǺȐȋȘȣ Ȕȣ ȖȉȔȈȕțȚȣ ǪȔȍșȚȖ ȓȤȊȈ ȔȣȠȤ
ȗȖȗȈȓȈ Ȋ ȕȈȠȐ ȓȈȗȣ ǵȖ ȒȚȖ Țȣ ȟțȎȖȑ" ǷȖȟȍȔț ȕȈ Țȍȉȍ
ȖȌȍȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȡȍȍ Țȍȉȍ"
ǹȐȕȋ ȖȚȘȣȊȐșȚȖ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȧ ȖȚȒȈȚȐȊȠțȦșȧ ȒȘțȋ-
ȓțȦ Ƞȓȧȗț ȗțȚȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȗȖȓȖȔ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȖȌȍȊȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȖ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȗȖȓȤȏț Ƕȕ șȗȈș ȎȐȏȕȤ ȊȍȓȐ-
ȒȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǵȖ ȕțȎȕȖ ȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ șȚȈȓȖ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ
țȉȐȑȞ
— ȇ ȉȍȓȣȑ Ȗ ȚȐȋȘȣ ȕȍ șȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ȕȈ ȚȍȔȕțȦ ȒȖȎț ȔȖȍȋȖ
ȓȐȞȈ ȇ ȕȍ ȊȘȈȋ ǷȖȟȍȔț ȧ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȐȓ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ" — ǬȍȚȐ ǿȍȘ-
ȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌțȦȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖ ȗȧȚȈȔ
ȀȐȗȍȕȐȍ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȋȘȖȔȒȖȍ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓȖșȤ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȕ ǹȐȕȋ ȏȈȚȘȖȕțȓ șȓȈȉțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȚȐȋȘȖȊ ǰȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȒȈȒȈȧ
ȊȘȈȎȌȈ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȍȚ Ȗȉȍ șȍȒȚȣ ȉȖȘȞȖȊ ȏȈ ȕȍȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖșȚȤ șȚȘȈ-
ȕȣ Ȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȒȖȊ ȍȍ ȗȖȘȈȉȖȚȐȚȍȓȍȑ ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȚȐȋȘȖȊ ȗȘȐȋ-
ȕțȓ ȓȐȞȖ Ȓ șȈȔȣȔ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ ǹȐȕȋȈ ȖȉȌȈȊȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȖșȚȘȣȔ țȌțȠ-
ȓȐȊȣȔ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍȔ
— ǫȌȍ ȖȕȐ ȌȍȚȐ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ" ǰȝ ȊȘȈȋȐ ȉțȌțȚ ȕȈȠȐ-
ȔȐ ȌȘțȏȤȧȔȐ Ǵȣ ȖȚȖȔșȚȐȔ ȐȔ ȏȈ Țȍȉȧ Ȗ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ!
— ǶȕȐ șȒȖȘȖ ȌȖȋȖȕȧȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ǮȌȐȚȍ ȏȌȍșȤ ǪȈȔ țȌȈșȚșȧ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȘȍȏȈȚȤ ȋȓȖȚȒȐ ȔȕȖȋȐȔ
ǵȍ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȔȣȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ǹȐȕȋ ȏȈȠȈȋȈȓ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ǵȈ
ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȕȈȝ țȎȍ ȒȈȟȈȓȐșȤ ȌȊȈ ȚțșȒȓȣȝ ȒȘȈșȕȖȊȈȚȣȝ ȜȖ-
ȕȈȘȧ ȌȎȖȕȒȐ — ȌȖșȟȈȚȖȑ ȗȈȘțșȕȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȐ ș ȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȒȈȦȚȖȑ
ȗȖșȘȍȌȐȕȍ ǹȐȕȋ ȠȈȋȕțȓ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț ǸțȓȍȊȖȑ ȖȚȚȖȓȒȕțȓșȧ
ȖȚ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ
 DzȚȖ Ȗȕ" ǹȓȖȊȖ ǼȈ Ȑ ȌȊȈ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȈ ȜțȕȚȖȊ
ǷȖȗȘȖȡȈȊȠȐșȤ ș ǹȐȕȋȖȔ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȏȈ-
ȠȈȋȈȓ Ȋ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț — Ȓ ȞȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȚȖȘȋȖ-

90
ȊȣȔ țȓȐȞȈȔ DzȈȕȚȖȕȈ
Ƕȕ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȖȚȊȓȍȟȤ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȍȑ ǹȐȕȋȈ ȍșȓȐ ȚȈȒȖ-
Ȋȣȍ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ǩȣșȚȘȖ ȠȈȋȈȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȟțȚȒȖ
ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȖȟȕȣȔ ȏȊțȒȈȔ dzȍȋȒȈȧ Ȑ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȈȧ
ȗȖșȚțȗȤ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȕȖȋ șȏȈȌȐ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȧ
ǵȍȓȤȏȧ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȚȤ ȗȖȑȔȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ șȒȖȘȖ ǵȈȝ-
ȓȖȉțȟȐȊ ȒȍȗȒț ȍȡȍ ȕȐȎȍ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȗȖ
ȕȍȘȖȊȕȖȑ țȏȒȖȑ ȔȖșȚȖȊȖȑ ǪȣșȖȒȐȍ șȓȍȗȣȍ șȚȍȕȣ ȌȖȔȖȊ ȒȐ-
ȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ȉȍȌȕȖȚȣ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȖ ȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȍȔț ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȗȖ ȖȉȍȐȔ
șȚȖȘȖȕȈȔ Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȓ șȚȖȐȚ ȓȐȠȤ ȌȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȌȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȓȦȌȕȣȝ
țȓȐȞ Ȑ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȚșȧ ǹȐȕȋ ȉțȌȍȚ șȗȈșȍȕ ǴȣșȓȤ
Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȋȖȕȧ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț șȈȔȖȔț ȕȐ ȘȈȏț
ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȉȍȋțȡȍȋȖ Ƕȕ ȕȍșșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ
ȕȍȘȖȊȕȖȑ ȗȖȝȖȌȒȖȑ ȗȖȎȐȓȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ȀȈȋȐ șȏȈȌȐ ȌȍȓȈȓȐșȤ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȣȔȐ ǷȖȋȖȕȧ ȖȚșȚȈȍȚ.
ǸȍȏȒȖȍ ȏȊțȟȕȖȍ ȡȍȓȒȈȕȤȍ — ȏȊțȒ ȊȏȊȖȌȐȔȣȝ ȒțȘȒȖȊ — ȉȖȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȘȍȏȕțȓȖ ȗȖ țȠȈȔ Ȑ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȏȈȉȐȚȤșȧ șȐȓȤȕȍȑ
ǷȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȐ ȕȍ ȗȖșȔȍȦȚ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ DzȈȕȚȖȕȈ Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȗȖșȔȍȦȚ? ǵȍȚ ȓțȟȠȍ ȕȍ
ȘȐșȒȖȊȈȚȤ ȚȈȒ ȋȓțȗȖ dzțȟȠȍ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȖȔ ǩȍȋ-
ȓȍȞ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ șȌȍȘȕțȊ ȒȍȗȒț Ȑ Ȋ ȏȕȈȒ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȗȖ-
ȒȖȘȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ ȘțȒ
ǷȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȐ ȘȈȏȖȔ ȕȈȋȕȈȓȐ Ȑ ȖȒȘțȎȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ǶȕȐ ȔȍȌ-
ȓȐȓȐ țȉȐȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȎȍȘȚȊȣ
ǶȕȐ ȊșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ǫ ȏȊȍȏȌȕȖȔ șțȔȘȈȒȍ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓȖ ȠȐȘȖ-
ȒȖșȒțȓȖȍ ȗȘȐȗȓȦșȕțȚȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȍ ȒȈȎȌȖȔț
ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȐȕț ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȐ
— ǹțȕȤ-Ǫȥȕ — «ȌȍȚȐ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ» ȠȈȚȕțȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȕț
ǬȈ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ǹțȕȤ-Ǫȥȕ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȑ ȒȈȕȚȖȕșȒȐȑ ȗȘȍȏȐ-
ȌȍȕȚ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ǹțȕ-ȇȚ-ǹȍȕ ǹȒȘȍșȚȐȊ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ȘțȒȐ Ȗȕ șȚȘȖ-
ȋȖ Ȑ ȐșȗȣȚțȦȡȍ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȍȘȚȣȝ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȓȦ-
Ȍȍȑ.
— ȅȚȈ ȖȌȍȎȌȈ — ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȌȍȚȍȑ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ ș Șȣ-
ȌȈȦȡȐȔ șȚȖȕȖȔ ȌȖȚȘȖȕțȓșȧ ȌȖ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȋȖ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ǹțȕ-ȇȚ-
ǹȍȕȈ — ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȚȊȖȧ ȖȌȍȎȌȈ ȌȘțȋ țȋȕȍȚȍȕȕȣȝ ǭȍ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ
ȝȖȏȧȐȕ 

91
— ǭȍ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ ȍȌȍȚ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍ Ȋ ȒȘȈșȕțȦ ǸȖș-
șȐȦ ǻȏȕȈȑȚȍ «ȌȍȚȐ», — ȊȈȠȈ ȏȓȖȉȈ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍȖșȕȖȊȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȈ Ƕȕ ȕȍ țȒȘȈȓ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ Ȗȕ șȈȔ Ȑȏ ȟȐșȓȈ ȌȘțȏȍȑ «ȏȍ-
ȓȍȕȍȦȡȍȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ» ǪȖȚ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȖȚȢȍȏȌȖȔ Ȗȕ Ȋȍȓȍȓ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ
ȊȈȔ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț șȍȒȘȍȚȕȖȑ ȉțȔȈȋȐ — Țț ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ Ȗș-
ȚȈȓȈșȤ ț ȕȍȋȖ
DzȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ
— ǵȖ Ȕȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȕȈșȚȐȋȕțȚȤ Ȑ țȉȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȗ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ǹțȕȤ
ǺȈȒ Ȋȍȓȍȓ ǼȈ ȊșȍȔȖȋțȡȐȑ ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ ǪȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ ȉț-
ȔȈȋȐ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ǵȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȑ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȏȕȈȚȤ
ȚȈȑȕ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ Ǵȣ ȗȘȍȒȓȖȕȧȍȔșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȖȉȖȑ ȖȚȍȞ,
ȕȖ Ȑ Țȣ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȔ
ǫȖȊȖȘȧȡȐȑ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȔ
— ǩȘȈȚȤȧ ǰȏȔȍȕȕȐȒ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕțȚȤ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ ǬȖ-
ȋȖȕȐȔ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȌȈ șȊȍȘȠȐȚșȧ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȕȖȍ
ǹțȕ-ȇȚ-ǹȍȕ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚțȦȡȍ ȊȏȔȈȝȕțȓ ȘțȒȖȑ ǵȖ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ
țȎȍ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ ǶȕȐ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ Ȋ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ — Ȓ ȗȖȘ-
Țț ȋȌȍ ȖșțȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ ǹȐȕȋ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȍȡȍ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕțȚȤ ȉȍȏȖȗȈș-
ȕȖșȚȐ
ǷȍȘȍțȓȖȒ ȏȈ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȖȔ — ȒȘȐȊȣȍ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȣ ǰȏ-
ȏȈ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ țȋȓȈ șȊȍȘȒȕțȓȈ ȔȍȘȞȈȦȡȈȧ ȓȍȕȚȈ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊȣȝ Ȗȋ-
ȕȍȑ ǪȣșȚțȗȈȓȈ ȘȖȊȕȈȧ ȊȖȌȕȈȧ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ș ȏȣȉȒȐȔ șȐȧ-
ȕȐȍȔ ȓțȕȣ Ȑ ș ȚȍȔȕȣȔȐ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȈȔȐ șȗȧȡȐȝ ȉȘȖȕȍȕȖșȞȍȊ
ǶșȚȘȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȧ ȕȈȡțȗȈȓȐ ȚțșȒ-
ȓȣȑ ȜȖȕȈȘȤ ȌȎȖȕȒȐ ȕȣȘȧȦȡȍȑ șȘȍȌȐ ȊȖȓȕ ǻ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȊȚȖ-
ȘȈȧ ȌȎȖȕȒȈ — ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈșȚȐȋȕțȚ ǵȖ Ȋ ȥȚț
ȔȐȕțȚț Ȋ ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊȣȝ Ȗȋȕȍȑ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȉȍȋțȡȐ-
ȔȐ ȊȣȘȖșȓȐ ȚȖȡȐȍ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ȐșȒȈȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤȦ ȓȐȞȈ
Ȑ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȐȍ ȕȖȎȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȡȐȝșȧ Ȋ ȏȈșȈȌȍ ǬȍȚȐ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ
ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȕȐȐ ǹ ȉȖȍȊȣȔ ȒȘȐȒȖȔ
ȚȐȋȘȖȊ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȍ ȜȈȠȐșȚȣ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȐșȒȖȕȕȣȝ
ȊȘȈȋȖȊ
Ǫ ȘțȒȈȝ ȏȈșȚȐȋȕțȚȣȝ ȊȘȈșȗȓȖȝ ȚȖȎȍ ȉȓȍșȕțȓȐ ȕȖȎȐ ǫȘȧ-
ȕțȓ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȕȣȑ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓ
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȈȕȚȖȕșȒȐȍ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ȒȘȈ-
șȖȟȕȖ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȓȐ ȒȘȖȊȈȊțȦ ȘȍȏȕȦ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȊ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍȌȠțȦ
ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȗȖșȘȍȌȐ ȗȖȘȚȈ ǹȘȈȎȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȚȈȒ țȊȓȍȒ-
ȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖ șȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȋȖȓȖȊȕȣȔ

92
ȈȘȍșȚȖȔ Ȋșȍȝ ȍȋȖ țȟȈșȚȕȐȒȖȊ
Ǩ ȌȎȖȕȒȈ ǹȐȕȋȈ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖ ȔȐȕȖȊȈȓȈ ȓȐȕȐȦ ȈȕȋȓȐȑ-
șȒȐȝ Ȑ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȝ șțȌȖȊ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ
ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȦȡȍȑ Ȑȏ ȊȖȓȕ ǹȐȕȋ
ȊșȚțȗȐȓ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȐ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȗȓȣȊ-
Ƞȍȑ Ȋ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ǴȣșȓȤ Ȗ ȗȍȘȍȖȌȍȊȈȕȐȐ
ȗȘȐȠȍȌȠȈȧ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț «ȖȚȞȈ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ» ȕȍȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȕȕȖ șȗȈșȓȈ ȌȊȍ ȎȐȏȕȐ — ȎȐȏȕȤ ǹȐȕȋȈ Ȑ ȎȐȏȕȤ șȈȔȖȋȖ
ǹțȕ-ȇȚ-ǹȍȕȈ ǪȍȌȤ ȗțȚȍȔ ȈȘȍșȚȈ ȗȖȒȓȧȊȠȐȝșȧ ȕȈ ©ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ
ȕȖȎȍ» ȚȐȋȘȖȊ șȈȔȈ șȖȉȖȦ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ Ȑș-
ȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ Ȑȝ ȒȓȧȚȊȣ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȦȡȐȍ ȥȚȖȚ ȞȐȒȓ ȗȘȐȒȓȦ-
ȟȍȕȐȑ ȚȈȒȖȊȣ
ǬȈȓȤȕȧȧ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈ ǩȘȐȚȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȒȓțȉȈ Ȋ DzȈȓȤȒțȚȚȍ ǷȘȐȧȚ-
ȕȣȑ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȑ ȗȖȓțȔȘȈȒ ǷȍșȚȘȣȍ ȠȒțȘȣ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȗȖȓ
Ȑ șȚȍȕȣ ȔȧȋȒȐȍ ȌȐȊȈȕȣ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȍ ȒȘȍșȓȈ ǬȊȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ȉȍșȍȌțȦȚ Ȗ ȊȈȎȕȖȔ Ȑ șȍȒȘȍȚȕȖȔ
ǷȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ǫȐȓȤȉȍȘȚ ǫțȕȚ ȔȍȘȐȚ țȗȘțȋȐȑ ȗȖȓ ȔȧȋȒȐȔȐ
ȠȈȋȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒȈ ǭȋȖ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȍ ȝȐȡȕȖȍ
ȓȐȞȖ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȍȕȖ
ǹȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒ ǫțȕȚȈ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕȍ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȓȐ-
șȚȣȊȈȧ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ
ǷȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ șȈȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȖ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȖ ȏȈȚȧȋȐȊȈȍȚșȧ
ǪȖȗȘȖș ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕ ǷȓȈȕ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ șȖȏȘȍȓ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȏȋț
— Ǫȣ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȈȊȣ ȒȕȧȏȤ ȅȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ ǴȖȑ ȒȈȕȚȖȕșȒȐȑ ȈȋȍȕȚ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ ȟȚȖ șțȉ-
ȔȈȘȐȕȈ ș ǹȐȕȋȖȔ ȖȚȖȠȓȈ Ȋ ȌȊȈ ȕȖȟȐ Ƕȕ ȉțȌȍȚ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ ȟȍ-
Șȍȏ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ Ȉ Ȕȣ ǭșȓȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȦȚ ȊȈȠȐ țȠȐȉȣ Ȑ ȞȈ-
ȘȈȗȐȕȣ Ȕȣ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȊȣȓȍȚȍȚȤ Ȍȕȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȘȐ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕȍ ȖȗțșȒȈȍȚ ȎțȘȕȈȓ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȤ ǽțȌȖȍ, ȗȍ-
ȘȍșȍȟȍȕȕȖȍ ȉȐȕȚȈȔȐ ȓȐȞȖ dzȤȊȖȊȈ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȍȕȕȖ
— ǶȕȐ ȏȈȎȐȊțȚ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ǵȖ țșȓȖȊȐȧ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ" Ǭț-
ȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȔ ȓțȟȠȍ șȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤșȧ șȍȑȟȈș
— DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ǵȣ ȖȝȖȚȐȔșȧ ȏȈ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȖȔ ȊȌȊȖȍȔ DzȘȖȔȍ
ȚȖȋȖ ȊȈȠȈ ȐȕȐȞȐȈȚȐȊȈ ȔȖȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓ ǺȖȘȋȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ș ȗȘȈȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ ȉțȌȍȚȍ Ȋȣ ǾȍȕȈ ȌȊȈ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȈ ȜțȕȚȖȊ ǷȖȗȖȓȈȔ.
ǰȌȍȚ"

dzȤȊȖȊ ȒȐȊȈȍȚ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ șȗțșȒȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ ȕȖȋȐ Ȋ ȔȖȌȕȍȑ-
ȠȐȝ ȓȈȒȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȚțȜȓȧȝ
DzȈȕȚȖȕ ǸȈșșȊȍȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ Ȍȕȧ
Ǫ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȏȈȓȐȊȟȐȒȖȊ Ȋ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȔȐȕțȚȈȝ
ȍȏȌȣ ȖȚ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ ȎȌȍȚ ȋȖȚȖȊȣȑ Ȓ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ
ȋȐȌȘȖȗȓȈȕ ǰȏ-ȗȖȌ ȒȖȎȈȕȖȋȖ ȠȓȍȔȈ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȖȟȒȖȊ ȍȋȖ
ȗȐȓȖȚȈ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȍȚ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȕȕȖ-ȎȍȓȚȈȧ ȒȖȎȈ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈ Ƕȕ
ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȖ șȐȌȐȚ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ǰȏ-ȏȈ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȈ ȊȣȓȍȚȈȍȚ
Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ șȍȘȣȑ ȠȍșȚȐȔȍșȚȕȣȑ ȈȊȚȖ
ǰȏ ȈȊȚȖ șȔȖȚȘȧȚ ȠȍșȚȤ ȔȍȓȈȕȝȖȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ ȓȐȞ
ǬȊȖȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȧȚ ȕȈȘțȎț Ȑ ȐȌțȚ Ȓ ȋȐȌȘȖȗȓȈȕț ǶȌȐȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ
— Ǻȣ ȋȖȚȖȊ dzț" Ǿȧȕȕ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȕ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȕȍȋȖ ȀȈ-ǩȈȑ
ȗȖȓȍȚȐȚ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ ǶȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȑȚȍșȤ Ǫȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȒțȌȈ ȗȖȠȓȈ ȗȖȌ-
ȊȖȌȕȈȧ ȌȎȖȕȒȈ ǨȗȗȈȘȈȚȣ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȖȊ ȗȖȔȖȋțȚ ȊȈȔ ȕȈ-
ȡțȗȈȚȤ ȍȍ Ǵȣ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȏȍ ȊȣȍȏȎȈȍȔ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍ
ǭșȓȐ ȕȍ șȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȗȖȚȖȗȐȚȤ — țȏȕȈȑȚȍ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȐȏȊȍ-
șȚȐȚȍ ȕȈș ǹȓȍȌțȑȚȍ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ țȎȍ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ șȓțȠȈȓȐ ȊȈȠȐ
țȠȐ

95
ȅȎȟȠȪ V
ǿǹdzǽǼǷ ǸǶȀǮdzȄ
1. ǷȖ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȔ șȓȍȌȈȔ
©Ǫ ȕȖȟȤ ȘȍȏȕȐ ț ȒȈȕȚȖȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȚȈ — șȖȖȉȡȈȓ ȔȍșȚȕȣȑ
ȈȋȍȕȚ ȒȈȓȤȒțȚȚșȒȖȑ ȒȖȕȚȘȘȈȏȊȍȌȒȐ, — ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈȧ șțȉȔȈȘȐ-
ȕȈ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȈ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȈ Ȑ ȖȚȉȣȓȈ Ȋ șȍȊȍȘȕȖȔ
ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ».
ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ țȚȘȖ ȗȈȘțșȕȐȒȐ Ȑ șȚȖȘȖȎȍȊȣȍ șțȌȈ ǵȈȋȈ-
șȈȒȐ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȉȖȍȊȖȑ ȋȐȌȘȖȗȓȈȕ ș ȌȊțȔȧ șȍȌȖȒȈȔȐ ǫȐȌȘȖ-
ȗȓȈȕ ȕȐȏȒȖ ȓȍȚȍȓ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ șȈȌȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȕȣ Ƕȕ
ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ șȐȋȕȈȓȖȊ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȑ ȔȐȕȖȕȖșȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȖ ȉȍ-
Șȧ ȊȣșȖȚț șȒȘȣȓșȧ Ȋ șȚȘȖȕț DzȐȚȈȧ
ǪȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ Ȍȕȧ ȊȖ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒȍ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȌȕȧȚ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȗȧȚȤȦ ȕȖȎȍȊȣȔȐ ȘȈȕȈȔȐ ǵȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ
ȒȖȘȍȑșȒȐȔ ȒțȗȞȖȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ șȚțȗȐȊȠȐȔ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ǹȖ șȓȈ-
ȉȣȔȐ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȈȔȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȗȖșȚȘȈȌȈȊȠȐȑ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȍȕ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȕȐȞț
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ȗȖȍȏȌ ȐȌțȡȐȑ Ȑȏ ǽȈȘȉȐȕȈ Ȋ ǿȐȚț ȉȣȓ
ȈȚȈȒȖȊȈȕ ȠȈȑȒȖȑ ȏȈȔȈșȒȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȉȈȕȌȐȚȖȊ ǷȖșȓȍ ȎȈȘȒȖȑ
ȗȍȘȍșȚȘȍȓȒȐ ș ȗȖȍȏȌȕȖȑ ȗȘȐșȓțȋȖȑ ȕȈȗȈȌȈȦȡȐȍ ȖȚșȚțȗȐ-
ȓȐ ǸȈȕȍȕ șȚȈȘȠȐȑ ȒȖȕȌțȒȚȖȘ ǷȖȚȍȘȐ ȕȈȗȈȌȈȊȠȐȝ ȕȍȖȗȘȍ-
Ȍȍȓȍȕȕȣ — Ȋșȍ ȘȈȕȍȕȣȍ țȕȍșȍȕȣ ș șȖȉȖȑ ǶșȚȈȊȠȐȑșȧ țȉȐ-
Țȣȑ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȈȔ țȘȖȎȍȕȍȞ ȦȎȕȖȋȖ DzȐȚȈȧ
ǷȘȐ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ș ȟȐȚȐȕșȒȖȋȖ ȈȥȘȖȌȘȖȔȈ «ȆȕȒȍȘ-
șȈ» ȓȍȚȧȡȍȋȖ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊț ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȍȓ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȣȑ șȓțȟȈȑ ǵȈ
ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȖȊ ȕȈȗȈȓ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ șȌȍȓȈȊ-
ȠȐȑ ȘȧȌ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȊ ǷȘȍșȚțȗȕȐȒ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȕ ǷȖȌȊȍȘȋȠȐȑșȧ
ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȦ — ȗȖ șȓțȝȈȔ — ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȈȒȚȐȊȕȣȝ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȍȑ DzȖ-
ȔȐȕȚȍȘȕȈ ǪȍȌȍȚșȧ șȘȖȟȕȖȍ ȘȈșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȌȍȓȈ 
DzȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȕȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȕȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȕȈ ȥȚȐȝ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȝ ȏȈ-
ȔȍȚȒȈȝ Ȕȣ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȗȘȖșȓȍȌȐȚȤ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ǹȐȕȋȈ Ȋ ǹǹǹǸ
ǫȈȏȍȚȣ țȊȍȒȖȊȍȟȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȦȡȐȝ șȚȘȖȒ Ȋ

96
ȖȚȌȍȓȈȝ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȑ ǰȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ șȍȒȘȍȚȕȣȍ ȉȦȘȖ —
ȕȍȘȊȕȣȔ ȗȖȚȘȍșȒȐȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȘȈȌȐȖ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȐȔȐ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈȔȐ Ȋ
ȒȈȏȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȐȌȈ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȈȝ DzȐȚȈȑȞȣ-ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȐ — Șȧ-
ȌȖȔ ȝȐȚȘȖțȔȕȣȝ ȗȓȈȕȖȊ Ȑ țșȒȖȘȍȕȕȣȔ ȉȖȍȔ șȍȘȌȍȞ ȗȖșȓȍ
ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȕȍțȌȈȟȐ ǹȈȔ ǹȐȕȋ — ȘȖȊȕȣȔ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȍȘ-
ȊȖȊ ȋȖȚȖȊȣȝ ȒȖ ȊșȍȔț
Ǫ ȚȍșȕȖȔ șȖȟȈȡȍȔșȧ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȗȓȧȔȐ ȕțȚȘȍ ȗȖȌ-
ȊȖȌȕȖȑ ȓȖȌȒȐ Ȗȕ șȎȐȔȈȓ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȘțȟȒȐ șȐȌȍȕȤȧ ȍȎȍȔȐ-
ȕțȚȕȖ ȎȌȈȓ ȖȋȓțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȚȖȓȟȒȈ ȉȖȔȉȣ Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȋȖ
ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧ șȔȣȒȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȊȖȓȕ Ǫ ȊȘȈȡȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȈȝ
ȊȣșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȗȍȘȐșȒȖȗȈ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȈ ȟțȚȒȈȧ ȚȍȕȤ
ȊȣȕȦȝȐȊȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȌȖȉȣȟț ȋȐȌȘȖȗȓȈȕȈ — șȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ ȒȘȣȓȈ-
ȚȖȋȖ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȋȖ ș ȗȖȌȎȈȚȣȔȐ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȖȌȍȚȣȔȐ
Ȋ ȕȍȗȖȔȍȘȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȋȈȓȖȠȐ ǰ ȌȈȎȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȥȚȈ ȚȍȕȤ Ȑș-
ȟȍȏȓȈ ȊșȗțȋȕțȚȈȧ ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȔ șțȌȕȖȔ ȕȍ Ȑșȟȍȏ ȚȍȔȕȣȑ Ȑ
ȕȍȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȔȣȑ șȚȘȈȝ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ Ǫ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȋȖȊȈȚȖȔ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȖȔ Țȍȓȍ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȧȡȍȔ ȗȖȌ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤȦ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ
ȒȖȔȈȕȌȈ ȘțȋȈȓȈșȤ ȝȘȐȗȓȖ Ȑ ȊȗȖȓȋȖȓȖșȈ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ
șȓȐȠȒȖȔ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȎȐȔȈȓ ȘȣȟȈȋȐ țȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ǹȐȕȋ ȕȈ-
ȝȔțȘȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑ șȚȘȖȋȐȑ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȊȣȎȐȌȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȐȌȍȓ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ
șȣȘȖȑ ȏȈȓȐȚȖȑ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȖȔ ȒȈȦȚȒȍ
ǺȈȒ Ȏȍ ȕȈȝȔțȘȍȕȕȖ Ȑ șȚȘȖȋȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȍ Ȗ
ȗȖȓȌȦȎȐȕȍ ȕȖȎȍȊȣȝ țȌȈȘȖȊ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȍȔț Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȋȘțȏȐȊȠȐȝșȧ Ȋ ȟțȎȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ Ȑ șȚȖȧ ȕȈ ȊȈȋȖȕȕȖȑ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȍ
șȚȘȍȓȧȓ ȔȍȚȒȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȚȖȘȖȗȧșȤ ȊȐȌȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȌȣȔȕȣȍ
ȊșȗȣȠȒȐ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȊ Ȑȏ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȟȈȡȐ ȓȍșȈ Ȑ ȖșȒȈȓȍȕȕȣȍ
ȓȐȞȈ ȓȍȏȠȐȝ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȕȖȎȒț ǰ ȕȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȔ ȈȥȘȖȌȘȖȔȍ Ȗȋ-
ȓțȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȖȔ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȊ șȌȍȓȈȕȕȣȝ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋ țȗȖȘ
ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ șȍȓ Ȋ ȓȈȒȐȘȖȊȈȕȕțȦ ȗȖȠȍȌȠțȦ ȊȊȍȘȝ
ȒȈȉȐȕȒț șȈȔȖȓȍȚȈ
ǹ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȖȒțȠȍȕȐȑ ǹȐȕȋ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȈȊ
ȉȣȓ ǹțȕ-ȇȚ-ǹȍȕ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȍȘȍȋȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȘȈșșȚȈȊȈȕȐȍȔ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȧșȕȖ ȗȖșȚȐȋȈȚȤ ȌțȠȐ șȊȖȐȝ ȉȣȊ-
ȠȐȝ șȖȖȉȡȕȐȒȖȊ Ƕȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȑȝ ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚȊȖ — șȓȍȗȖȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ
ȔȍȝȈȕȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȘȈȏ ȖȚȌȈȕȕȖȔț ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȦ
ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȖșȚȤ ȚȈȑȕȈȔ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ǵȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȖȍ —
ȕȍșȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ ȒȘȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȖȚȕȍșȚȐșȤ Ȓ ȥȚȐȔ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȧȔ

97
Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȓ ȗȖȗȘȖȉțȑ Ȗȕ țȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȊ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ
ȐȔ ȐșȚȐȕȕȖȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȌȍȓȈ — ȖȕȐ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȊȍȘȕȣȍ ȌȈȕȕȖȑ
ȒȓȧȚȊȍ ȗȘȐȒȖȕȟȐȓȐ ȉȣ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ Ǩ ȗȖșȒȖȓȤȒț ȍȋȖ ȗȖȘț-
ȟȍȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȍȡȍ ȖȒȖȕȟȍȕȖ 
ǷȘȐȉȣȊ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊț ǹȐȕȋ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȖșȚȖȚȣ Ȕȣ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȉț-
ȌȍȔ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ǹȐȕȋȖȔ
 ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ șȌȈȓ ȖȚȟȍȚ Ȗ ȊȖȏȓȖ-
ȎȍȕȕȖȔ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȐȐ
Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ-ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȈȗȈȌȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȕȈȟȕțȚșȧ șȕȖȊȈ ǵȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȔȍȕȧȓȖșȤ Ȗȕ
ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȓ șȈȔ șȍȉȍ Ȑ ȔȖȋ ȘȐșȒȖȊȈȚȤ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ Ƕȕ ȘȍȠȐȓ
ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ș ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȧȔȐ Ȑ
ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȚȤ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȐȔ Ȑȝ ȖȠȐȉȒț
ǷȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȓȐșȤ ǻȎȍ ȕȈ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȠȈȋȈȧ
ȗȖ ȠȍȘȠȈȊȖȔț ȈșȜȈȓȤȚț ǷȍȚȘȖȊȒȐ Ȗȕ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ
Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȎȍȓȚȖȓȐȞȍȋȖ șțȉȢȍȒȚȈ Ȋ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȔ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȔȖșȒȊȐ-
ȟȈ ǹțȉȢȍȒȚ ȒȈȒ ȕȐ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȉȣȊȈȓȖ șȊȍȘȕțȓ Ȋ ǹȚȖȓȍȠȕȐ-
ȒȖȊ ǹȐȕȋ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ — ȚȖȚ țșȒȖȘȐȓ ȠȈȋ Ȑ
ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȖȔ ȗȖȚȖȒȍ ȚȖȘȖȗȧȡȍȑșȧ ȚȖȓȗȣ
ǹ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈ ȕȈȟȈȓȖșȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȊȏȈȐȔȕȖȍ ȊȣșȓȍȎȐ-
ȊȈȕȐȍ DzȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȊȣȎȐȌȈȓȐ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȔȖ-
ȋțȚ ȉȍȏȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȎȍȘȚȊț ǵȖ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ Ȏȍ-
ȓȈȓȐ ȊȝȖȌȐȚȤ ș ȕȍȑ Ȋ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ șȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ
DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȊȣȝȖȌȧ Ȑȏ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȈ ȖȉȍȘȚȣ-
ȊȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȝȖȌț ȐȓȐ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧ Ȓ ȊȚȖȘȖȥȚȈȎȕȖȑ ȊȣșȖȚȍ ȖȒȕȈ șȊȖȍȑ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȕȈ ǺȊȍȘșȒȖȔ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘȍ ȡȍȚȐȕȧȡȍȔșȧ ȒȖȘȐȟȕȍ-
ȊȣȔȐ șȒȍȓȍȚȈȔȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ ǹȐȕȋ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠ-
ȕȣȝ ȎȍȓȚȣȝ ȓȐȞ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȐșȟȍȏȈȊȠȐȝ ȉȍșșȓȍȌȕȖ ǵȐ ȖȌ-
ȕȈ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȗȣȚȖȒ ȗȖȑȔȈȚȤ Ȍȓȧ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȑ ȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȑȏ
«ȌȍȚȍȑ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ» ȕȍ țȊȍȕȟȈȓȈșȤ țșȗȍȝȖȔ
ǵȖ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ  ǹȐȕȋ Ƞȍȓ ȗȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȍȑ ǺȊȍȘ-
șȒȖȑ ǹ ȉȖȒȖȊ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȗȖȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ șȚȍȒȓȈ ȊȐȚȘȐȕ ȊȗȍȘȍ-
ȌȐ șțȎȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȋȐȘȓȧȕȌȈ ȉȓȍȌȕȖ-ȎȍȓȚȣȝ ȜȖȕȈȘȕȣȝ Ȗȋȕȍȑ
ǴȍȓȈȕȝȖȓȐȟȕȖ ȚȘȧșȓȐșȤ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒȐ ș ȒȈȠȓȍȔ ȗȘȖȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ
ȗȘȐȏȍȔȐșȚȣȍ ȈȊȚȖ ǻ ȊȝȖȌȈ Ȋ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡțȦ ȌȣȠȈȊȠțȦ ȉȍ-
ȓȣȔ ȗȈȘȖȔ ȉțȓȖȟȕțȦ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȐȡȐȑ Ȋ ȐȏȖȘȊȈȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȒȘȈșȕȖȈȘȔȍȑșȒȖȑ ȠȐȕȍȓȐ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ

98
ǷȘȧȔȖȑ ȒȈȒ șȚȖȓȉ Ȗȕ ȊȣȚȧȋȐȊȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȘȈȏȎȈȚțȦ
ȓȈȌȖȕȤ ȘțȒȐ ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȗȈȘȍ ȒȘțȋȓȣȝ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȖȟȒȖȊ ȍȋȖ șȒț-
ȓȈșȚȖȍ ȋȘȧȏȕȖ-ȎȍȓȚȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕțȦ
ȔȍȘȚȊțȦ ȔȈșȒț
ǹȐȕȋ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ ǵȍ ȧȊȐȚșȧ ȓȐ ȥȚȖȚ șȓȍȗȖȑ ȗȖșȘȍȌȕȐ-
ȒȖȔ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȐȔ Ȑ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈȔȐ" ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȗȕ ȌȈȎȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔ
ș șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ"
ǵȈ ȊșȧȒȐȑ șȓțȟȈȑ ǹȐȕȋ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȑ ȐȏȌȈȓ ȍȓȍ
șȓȣȠȕȣȑ ȏȊțȒ șȓțȎȈȡȐȑ șȐȋȕȈȓȖȔ Ȍȓȧ «ȌȍȚȍȑ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ
ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ» Ǫ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ Ȗȕ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ
Ƕȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȝțȌȣȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȕȐȡȍȋȖ șȓȖȎȐȓȐșȤ
Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȚȕȣȑ ȚȈȑȕȣȑ ȏȕȈȒ
ǯȈȚȍȔ ȕȐȡȐȑ ȒȈȟȕțȓșȧ ș ȔȍșȚȈ Ȑ ȘȈșȝȓȧȉȈȕȕȖȑ șȚȈȘȟȍ-
șȒȖȑ ȗȖȝȖȌȒȖȑ ȗȘȖȡțȗȣȊȈȧ ȈșȜȈȓȤȚ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȗȖ ȚȘȖ-
ȚțȈȘț ǷȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȊ ȟȚȖ ǹȐȕȋ șȚȖȐȚ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ-
șȧ Ȑ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ ȏȕȈȒ ǷȖȚȖȔ șȕȖȊȈ ȒȈȟȕțȓșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ǹȐȕȋ
ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȠȈȋȈȓ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ
ȅȚȖ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȔ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȍȔ
DzțȌȈ ȊȍȌȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ" ǷȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȤ ȔȐȓȐȞȐȦ" — ǷȖȏȌȕȖ.
ǵȐȡȐȑ ȗȖȑȔȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȕȍȓȈȌȕȖ ǬȈ Ȑ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȍșȓȐ
ȥȚȖ ȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȏȈșȈȌȖȑ Ȗȕ șțȔȍȍȚ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤșȧ
ǶȕȐ șȊȍȘȕțȓȐ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍțȓȖȒ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȎȍȓȚȖ-ȏȍȓȍȕȖȑ ȊȣȊȍș-
ȒȖȑ ș ȚțșȒȓȖ șȊȍȚȧȡȐȔȐșȧ șȚȍȒȓȈȔȐ ȕȐȡȐȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ
ȠȈȘȧ ȘțȒȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ƕȕ Ȑșȟȍȏ ȏȈ ȕȍȑ ǹȐȕȋ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȓȈȌȖȕȤ
ȕȈ ȘțȟȒț ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȈ Ȑ ȚȖȎȍ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ Țȍȗȓȣȑ Ȑ
ȊȓȈȎȕȣȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȗȐȊȕȖȑ.
 ǺȈȑȕȈ ȔȘȈȒȈ
ǹȓȍȗȖȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȓșȧ șȒȊȖȏȤ șȐȕȍȊȈȚȣȍ
Ȓȓțȉȣ ȌȣȔȈ ȒȈȟȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȕȈȌ șȚȖȓȐȒȈȔȐ ș ȘȧȌȈȔȐ ȗȖȓțȗț-
șȚȣȝ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȊȈȚȣȝ ȉțȚȣȓȖȒ Ȑ ȕȈȌ ȖșȖȓȖȊȍȓȣȔȐ ȊșȒȓȖȒȖȟȍȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȓȐȞȈȔȐ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȍȑ Ƕȕ ȕȈȡțȗȈȓ ȗȈȓȒȖȑ șȊȖȉȖȌ-
ȕȣȑ șȚțȓ Ȑ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ șȐȌȍȕȤȍ
ǹȐȕȋ șȍȓ ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ǯȈȒȈȏȈȓ ȉȖȑȒȖȔț ȗȖȌȈȦȡȍȔț ȗȈȘț
ȗȐȊȈ ǩȣȓȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ șȘȍȌȐ șȖȊȍȚșȒȖȑ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȐ ȘțșșȒȖȑ

100
Ȕȍȕȧ ȗșț ȉȍȎȈȊȠȍȔț ȖȚ șțȌȈ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ"
ǸțȒȈ ǹȐȕȋȈ ȗȖȌȕȖșȐȊȠȈȧ ȒȖ ȘȚț ȋȘȈȕȍȕȖȍ șȚȍȒȓȖ șȓȍȋ-
ȒȈ ȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ ǯȕȈȟȐȚ Ȗȕ ȗȖȗȈȓ ȊȍȘȕȖ ȅȚȖȚ ȕȐȡȐȑ — ȚȖȎȍ
ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȚȍȔ ȓȍȋȟȍ ȊȣȧșȕȐȚȤ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ƕȕ
ȕȈȘȖȟȐȚȖ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȗȐȓ ȗȖȓȒȘțȎȒȐ Ȑ ȚȖȎȍ ȗȘȐȋȕțȓșȧ Ȓ
șȚȖȓț.
— ǺȊȖȐ ȋțȉȣ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȓȐ ȓȖȎȤ șȓȍȗȖȑ ǬȈ ȧ ȚȖȚ ȒȖȋȖ
Ȋȣ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌțȍȚȍ ȖȚ șȈȔȖȋȖ DzȈȕȚȖȕȈ ȇ — ȉȣȊȠȐȑ ȟȓȍȕ ȊȈȠȍ-
ȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ǵȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȊȐȕȣ ǯȈȟȍȔ Ȋȣ ȚȘȈ-
ȊȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȒ șȚȈȧ ȒȘȣș ȉȍȋțȡȈȧ ȏȈ ȒȖȠȒȖȑ" ǿȚȖ ȕțȎȕȖ
ȔȖȐȔ ȊȘȈȋȈȔ"
— ǬȍȚȧȔ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ ȕțȎȍȕ Țȣ șȈȔ ǰȔ ȕțȎȕȈ
ȎȐȏȕȤ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȧ Ǻȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȠȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȊȐȕȍȕ ǯȈȟȍȔ Ȏȍ Țȣ
ȉȍȎȈȓ ȖȚ ȕȈș ȟȍȘȍȏ ȖȒȍȈȕ Ȑ ȋȖȘȣ"
ǷȖȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȒȘțȎȒȐ ȔȘȈȒȈ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ Ȋȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ ǸȈȏȊȍ ȥȚȖȚ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȗȘȐ ȒȈȒȐȝ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȝ
ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȌȍȓȖ" ǭȔț ȕȍ ȌȈȓȐ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤșȧ ǹȍȒțȕȌȈ ȗȘȖ-
ȔȍȌȓȍȕȐȧ ȚȈȔ Ȋ ǺȐȉȍȚȍ Ȑ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȉȣ ȖȌȐȕ ȒȘȖȊȈ-
Ȋȣȑ ȉȐȜȠȚȍȒș ǽȖȚȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȖȍ ȗțȚȍȠȍ-
șȚȊȐȍ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊț ȔȖȋȓȖ ȊȣȏȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȧ ǹȐȕȋ ȗȖȔȖȓȟȈȓ
ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȗȖȌȈȊȓȧȧ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȖȗȧȚȤ
— ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ ȉȘȈȚ ȇ țȎȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗ ȕȐȝ Ȋ
DzȈȕȚȖȕȍ ǹțȕȤ-Ǫȥȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȊȈȔ ǰȓȐ ȊȈȔ ȕȍ-
ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ" DzȖȘȖȟȍ ȟȍȋȖ Ȋȣ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ"
— ǷȘȐȌȐ ȕȈ șțȌ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ ǼȈ ȏȌȍșȤ — Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȍ-
ȝȈȓ Ȑȏ ǷȍȒȐȕȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ș ȋȓȈȏț ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ
ǺȊȖȐ ȌȍȓȈ ȚȍȔȕȣ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣ ȇȊȐșȤ ȕȈ șțȌ — ȚȊȖȑ șȓțȋȈ
ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚ Țȍȉȧ ǷȖȔȕȐ ȕȈȠȐ ȕȖȎȐ Ȑ ȗțȓȐ țȎȍ țșȚȈȓȐ ȉȍȏ
ȘȈȉȖȚȣ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ Ȏȍ șȓȖȊ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ ǹȐȕȋ țȎȍ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȓ Ȋȣ-
ȝȖȌ ǵȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȌȊȐȋȈȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȋ ȗȓȣȊțȡȍȔ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ
ȏȊȖȕȍ șȚȈȒȈȕȖȊ ȋȖȊȖȘȍ Ȑ țȝȈȘșȒȖȑ ȔțȏȣȒȍ Ȗȕ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ ȒȈ-
ȘȈȕȌȈȠ Ȑ ȓȐșȚȖȒ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ǹȚȈȓ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȐșȈȚȤ ȅȚȖ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚ
ȍȔț ȕȍ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȘȐșȒțȧ ȗȖȑȚȐ ȕȈ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȍ ǹȓȍȗȖȑ ȕȍ
ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚ — ȕȍ ȚȈȒ țȎ ȚȖȕȒȖ ȘȈȏȊȐȚ ȍȋȖ șȓțȝ ǺțȗȖȑ ȐșȞȈ-
ȘȈȗȈȕȕȣȑ ȖȋȘȣȏȖȒ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȗȖ ȓȖșȒțȚȒț ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȧ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ
ȐȏȊȐȓȐșȚȣȑ șȓȍȌ

101
«ǷȖșȚȖȊȖȔț ȔȐȓȐȞȐȖȕȍȘț ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȦ țȋȖȓȖȊȕȖȋȖ ȘȖȏȣ-
șȒȈ ȈȋȍȕȚșȚȊȈȔ ǫǷǻ ǹȘȖȟȕȖ ȇ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ
“ǸțȒȐ ȗȘȖȟȤ ȖȚ DzȐȚȈȧ”, — Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȚȈȑȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ȒȐȚȈȑ-
ȞȍȊ ǹȍȑȟȈș ȊȣȝȖȌȐȔ Ȑȏ ȗȐȊȕȖȑ ǹȓȍȗȖȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ǪȍȌȍȚ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈ șȔȍȘȚȤ ǵȍ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȑȚȍ Ȑȏ ȊȐȌț ǮȌȐȚȍ șȕȈȘț-
ȎȐ ǷȘȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȍ ȐȓȐ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ȊȣȑȌț ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȍșȧȚȤ
ȔȐȕțȚ — ȊȘȣȊȈȑȚȍșȤ ȊȕțȚȘȤ».
Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȔȈșȒȐȘțȧ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟȕȣȑ ȉȍȋ ȒȈȘȈȕȌȈȠȈ
ǹȐȕȋ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȗȣȚȓȐȊȖ Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȉȘȈȚ ȔȖȑ Ǩ ȍșȓȐ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȑȌț" ǭșȓȐ ȧ ȊȍȓȦ
ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȚȤ Țȍȉȧ"
— ǿȚȖ ȧ" — șȓȍȗȖȑ șȐȌȍȓ șȐȘȖȚȓȐȊȖ șȋȖȘȉȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȑ ȟȍȘ-
ȕȣȍ ȌȣȘȣ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ Ȋ ȏȈȗȓȍȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȓ. — ȇ —
ȉȍȌȕȣȑ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȑ ȕȐȡȐȑ ǵȖ Țȣ șȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ȘȈȏ ȕȈ-
ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȍȠȤ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȓȐȞȖȔ ǼȈ
ǯȈȗȐșȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȒȖȕȟȍȕȈ ǹȐȕȋ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ȗȓȈȚț ȏȈ
ȗȐȊȖ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȏȊȈȓ ȗȖȌȈȦȡȍȋȖ DzȐȚȈȍȞ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȐȓșȧ
ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȔȈȓȣȑ Ȋ șȍȘȖȊȈȚȖ-ȉȍȓȖȔ ȊȣșȖȒȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȐȒȍ
ș ȒȘțȋȓȣȔ ȗȘȣȡȍȊȈȚȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȐȔȍȓ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȋȓțȗȣȑ ȊȐȌ
ǩȍȏ ȏȊțȒȈ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȊȐȌȧ ȒȖșȧȡȐȑ ȕȈ șȖșȍȌȈ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ șȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȧ Ȗȕ Ȋȏȧȓ ȗȖȌȈȊȈȍȔȖȍ ǶȚȖȑȌȧ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț
ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȏȈȗȐșȒț Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓ Ȋ ȕȈȘțȎȕțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ
DzȐȚȈȍȞ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ǹȐȕȋ ȕȈȓȐȓ ȍȔț ȖșȚȈȚȖȒ ȗȐȊȈ
Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȌȖȗȐȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȍ DzȐȚȈȍȞ ȕȍțȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ-
șȧ șȖ șȚțȓȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȍȔț șȊȖȦ ȝȖȓȖȌȕțȦ ȠȈȜȘȈȕȕțȦ ȓȈ-
ȌȖȕȤ ǹȐȕȋ ȗȖȕȧȓ Ȗȕ ȉȖȐȚșȧ ȖȚȗțșȚȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȖȚ șȍȉȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ
Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȓ ȒȖȋȖ-ȓȐȉȖ ǪȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊțȧ ǹȐȕȋ Ȋȏȧȓ
ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȚțȦ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȓ ȕȐȡȍȋȖ Ȓ ȊȣȝȖȌț
Ǫ ȌȊȍȘȧȝ ȗȐȊȕȖȑ Ȗȕ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓșȧ ș ȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐȔșȧ ȔȈȓȣȔ
Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȐȒȍ ǻȊȐȌȍȊ ȍȋȖ ȎȌțȡȍȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȚȖȚ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȑ țșȗȖ-
ȒȖȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȒȐȊȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
Ǫ ȌȖȔȍ ȹ  ȗȖ ǺȊȍȘșȒȖȔț ȉțȓȤȊȈȘț ȊȖ ȔȘȈȒȍ ȕȈșȚț-
ȗȐȊȠȍȑ ȕȖȟȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȓȖșȤ ȚȍȔȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ
Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ Ȋ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȥȚȈȎȈ ǹȐȕȋ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓ
ȔȍȉȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȕțȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț
Ǫ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ ȎȐȓȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ DzȈȎȌȣȑ
Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȐȔȍȓ șȊȖȑ ȒȓȦȟ ȖȚ ȈȊȚȖȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȏȈȔȒȈ ȗȈȘȈȌ-
ȕȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȐ DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ȓȦȉȖȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ Ȑ ȕȍ ȚȘȍȊȖ-

102
ȎȈ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȔȖȋ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ Ȋ șȊȖȍ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ
Ǫ ȟȈș ȖȉȣȟȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȈ ǹȐȕȋȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȖȌȍȚȣȑ Ȋ ȗȓȈ-
ȚȤȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȍ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȍ ș ȜȐȋțȘȖȑ Ȑ ȔȈȕȍȘȈȔȐ ǹȐȕȋȈ
ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȏȉȍȎȈȓ ȗȖ ȗȖȓțȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ Ȑ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ
ȗȈȘȈȌȕțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ ǹȐȕȋ
șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȍȔȣȑ șȓȍȗȣȔ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȔ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȗȐȊȕȖȑ
ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȏȕȈȧ ȥȚȖ ǹȐȕȋ ȹ  ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȚȈȒ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȑ
ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
«ǵțȎȕȖ ȊȖȑȚȐ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȏȈȎȍȟȤ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȖ Ȑ șȗȖ-
ȒȖȑȕȖ ȏȈȕȧȚȤșȧ ȗȖȐșȒȈȔȐ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȈ ǪșȍȋȖ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȍȍ ȟȚȖ
ȉȣȊȠȐȑ șȖȉȘȈȚ “ȌȍȚȍȑ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ” ȕȖșȐȚ ȍȋȖ ș șȖȉȖȑ
ǵȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȗȘȧȚȈȕ Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ ǬȖșȚȖȊȍȘȕȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ
ȖȌȕȖ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȓ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȕȐȒȖȔț» ǿȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ
ȊȐȌȐȚ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȠȈȋ ǹȐȕȋȈ ȉȣȓ ȌȖȗȖȌȓȐȕȕȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȍȕ ȍȋȖ
ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔț ȌȊȖȑȕȐȒț
DzȈȒ ȕȈȘȖȟȕȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȎȐȓȤȞȖȊ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖȔȈ DzȊȈȘȚȐ-
ȘȈ ȗțșȚȈ Ȑ ȚȍȔȕȈ ǷȘȖȑȚȐ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȘȈȒ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȑ
ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤșȧ ț ȌȊȍȘȐ ǵȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ ȕȈ-
ȡțȗȈȓ ȏȈȔȖȟȕțȦ șȒȊȈȎȐȕț ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ Ȋ ȏȈȔȒȍ ȒȓȦȟ Ȑ ȠȈȋ-
ȕțȓ Ȋ ȚȤȔț ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ǹȐȕȋȈ
ǰ ȚțȚ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖȍ ǫȘțȌȐ ȊȖȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ ȒȖș-
ȕțȓȐșȤ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ
ǹȓȈȉȖ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȊ Ȗȕ ȖȚșȚțȗȐȓ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ Ǫ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ
ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȐȓȤȕȣȑ țȌȈȘ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȤ ǽȖȓȖȌȕȈȧ șȚȈȓȤ
ȕȖȎȈ ȔȖȓȕȐȍȑ ȗȘȖȕȏȐȓȈ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǵȖȟȕțȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȕțȦ ȚȤȔț
șȔȍȕȐȓȈ ȊȍȟȕȈȧ ȚȤȔȈ șȔȍȘȚȐ
ǵȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ — ȊȍȘȕȍȍ, ȚȘțȗ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȞȈ — ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȈȌȈȚȤ.
ǵȖ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ȊȚȈȡȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȊȕțȚȘȤ Ȑ ȏȈȗȍȘȓȐ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ
ǩȍȓȣȑ șȊȍȚ ȊșȗȣȝȕțȊȠȍȑ ȓȈȔȗȣ ȖșȊȍȚȐȓ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒț
ǻȉȐȚȣȑ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȍ ș ȒȖșȚȧȕȖȑ ȘțȒȖȧȚȒȖȑ ȕȖȎȈ ȚȖȘ-
ȟȈȡȍȑ Ȑȏ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȐ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ǭȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ — ȖșȚȘȖȍ ȒȘȈ-
șȐȊȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒȈ ǫȐȓȤȉȍȘȚȈ ǫțȕȚȈ — ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒȈ ȏȈ șȍȒ-
ȘȍȚȕȣȔ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȖȔ — ȔȍȘȚȊȍȕȕȖ șȚȣȓȖ Ȋ ȗȖȚȖȓȖȒ ǵȈȌ ȕȐȔ
șȒȓȖȕȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓȐ ȚȘȖȍ ȠȐȘȖȒȖșȒț-
ȓȣȝ ȖȌȍȚȣȝ Ȋ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖȚȐȒȖȊȣȍ ȠȈȗȒȐ

103
— Ƕ ȌțȝȐ ȗȘȍȌȒȖȊ Ȕȣ ȖȉȔȈȕțȚȣ șȕȖȊȈ Ǵȣ țȉȐȓȐ ȕȍ
ȚȖȋȖ ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ — ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈ ǹȐȕȋȈ DzȈȒ ȔȖȋ șȦȌȈ ȗȖȗȈșȚȤ
ȥȚȖȚ"
ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȊ ȏȈȗțșȚȐȓ ȘțȒț Ȋ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȍ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȣ
țȉȐȚȖȋȖ Ȑ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ ȗȖȖȟȍȘȍȌȕȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȉȘȈțȕȐȕȋ ȗȖȚȈȑ-
ȕȖȑ ȜȖȕȈȘȤ ȕȈȉȖȘ ȊȖȘȖȊșȒȐȝ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȖȊ Ȑ ȚȖȓșȚȣȑ Ȉȕȋ-
ȓȐȑșȒȐȑ ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒ DzȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȈȚȤ ǮȍȓȈȧ
ȉȍȏ ȠțȔȈ ȘȈșȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ș ǹȐȕȋȖȔ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐȒȖȕȟȐȓȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ
Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ șȈȘȒȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ țȔ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒȈ ǫțȕ-
ȚȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ȍȡȍ Ȋ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț ȒȈȒ șȔȍȧȓșȧ ȉȣ Ȗȕ ȕȈȌ ȕȍțȌȈ-
ȟȍȑ «ȎȍȓȚȖȘȖȎȐȝ»!
Ǫ ȖȒȕȖ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȣȑ șȚțȒ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȖȑ șȕȐȏț ȏȍȔ-
ȓȐ ȅȚȖ — șȐȋȕȈȓ Ȗ Ȍȍȓȍ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ șȘȖȟȕȖșȚȐ DzȐȚȈȑȞȣ
ȗȖȚțȠȐȓȐ șȊȍȚ Ȑ șȒȖȓȤȏȧ ȒȈȒ ȚȍȕȐ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓȐ ȖȌȐȕȖȒțȦ
ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘț
ǷȖ ȚȘȖȚțȈȘț ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȑ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ƕȕ ȉȘȖ-
șȐȓșȧ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț Ȓ ȊȣȝȖȌȧȡȐȔ
— ǩȘȈȚȤȧ ȌȈ ȖȚȒȘȖȦȚșȧ ȊȈȠȐ țȠȐ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȊȍșȚȐ ǮȌȈȚȤ ȏȌȍșȤ ȉȍșȗȖȓȍȏȕȖ ǩȍȓȖȓȐȞȣȑ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ
ȕȍ ȊȍȘȕȍȚșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȋ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȑ șȘȖȒ ǭȋȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ șȓȍȗȖȑ șȣȕ
ȕȍȉȈ ȏȕȈȦȡȐȑ ȕȈȠȐ ȏȈȒȖȕȣ ȕȖ Ȗ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖ-
ȋȖ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ ǶȕȐ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȗȤȦȚ ȋȖȘȤȒțȦ ȊȖȌț Ȉ
ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȋȌȍ ȖȕȐ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ǷȖșȗȍȠȐȔ
ȉȘȈȚȤȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕțȚȤ ȞȍȓȐ
3. Ǫ ȏȈȗȈȌȕȍ
ǪȣȑȌȧ Ȑȏ ȗȐȊȕȖȑ Ȋ ȔȖȘȖȏȕȣȑ ȜȖȕȈȘȕȣȑ ȗȖȓțșȊȍȚ șȓȍ-
ȗȖȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȝȓȖȗȕțȓ Ȋ ȓȈȌȖȠȐ ǬȘȍ-
ȔȈȊȠȐȑ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȒȐȝ ȒȖȏȓȈȝ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒ ȊșȚȘȍȗȍȕțȓșȧ ǬȍȘȕțȓ
ȊȖȎȎȈȔȐ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȎȈȧ ȉȓȐȎȍ DzȐȚȈȍȞ Ȑ ǹȐȕȋ țșȍȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȥȒȐ-
ȗȈȎ dzȖȠȈȌȤ ȏȈȚȘțșȐȓȈ ȗȖ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȔȖșȚȖȊȖȑ
ǹȐȕȋ ȉȣȓ șȗȖȒȖȍȕ — ȉȖȓȍȍ ȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ǴȈȓȤȟȐȠȒȈ țșȗȍȓ
ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȏȈȗȐșȒț șȓȍȎȒȈ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ țȎȍ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ ǴȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ șȘȍȌȐ țȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ țȎȍ șȓȍȌțȍȚ
ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȚȖȞȐȒȓȍȚȖȒ ș

104
ȔȐȓȐȞȐȖȕȍȘȈȔȐ ȐȓȐ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȌȊțȝȔȍșȚȕȣȑ ȈȊȚȖ ǪȖ
ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȍȋȖ ȔȣșȓȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ țȌȈȟȕȈ
DzȐȚȈȍȞ șȐȌȍȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȏȈȒțȚȈȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȋȘȧȏȕțȦ ȘȊȈȕțȦ
ȠȐȕȍȓȤ
ǵȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȓ Ȋ ȚȈȒȚ ȍȏȌȣ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ
ȖȟȒȈȔȐ ȗȖȌ țȠȈșȚȖȑ ȖȉȓȍȏȓȖȑ ȠȈȗȒȖȑ ǹȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ ȔȍȘȚȊȈȧ
ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖșȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȐșȚȖȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȒȖȘȖȉȐȓȈ
ǹȐȕȋȈ Ƕȕ ȖȚȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȖȚ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ șȚȈȓ șȓȍȌȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȔȍȌ-
ȓȍȕȕȖȑ șȔȍȕȖȑ țȓȐȞ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȖȊ
ǷȘȖȍȝȈȓȐ ȊșȦ ǺȊȍȘșȒțȦ ȗȍȘȍșȍȒȓȐ ǹȈȌȖȊțȦ — ȉȓȍȌȕȖ-
ȎȍȓȚȣȑ ȞȐȜȍȘȉȓȈȚ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț ȖȌȐȕȕȈȌȞȈȚȖȋȖ — șȊȍȘ-
ȕțȓȐ ȕȈ ǺȊȍȘșȒțȦ-ȇȔșȒțȦ ǻ ȖȌȕȖȥȚȈȎȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȖȋȖ ȌȖ-
ȔȈ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ǵȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ șȓȍȗȖȑ ȒȐ-
ȚȈȍȞ șȖșȒȖȟȐȓ ȕȈ ȔȖșȚȖȊțȦ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌț
ǩȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȒȓȦȟȖȔ Ȗȕ ȖȚȊȖȘȐȓ ȗȈȘȈȌȕțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ ȗȘȖȗț-
șȚȐȓ ǹȐȕȋȈ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȦȦ ǹȚȈȓ ȏȈȗȐȘȈȚȤ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȐȏȕțȚȘȐ
ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ — ȕȐ ȏȊțȒȈ ǷȍȘȍȌȕȧȧ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȈȧ ȔțȚȕȣȔ șȊȍ-
ȚȖȔ șȓȈȉȖșȐȓȤȕȖȑ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȖȓȈȔȗȖȟȒȐ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȗȘȍȌȌȊȍȘȐȍȔ
ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ ȏȈȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȉȍȏȓȦȌȕȖȋȖ ǹȐȕȋ ȕȈȡțȗȈȓ ȘȍȊȖȓȤ-
ȊȍȘǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȊ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ
ȏȈȒȐȊȈȓ țșȗȖȒȖȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȦȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ǹȎȐȔȈȧ ȠȍȘȠȈȊțȦ ȘțȟȒț ǹȐȕȋ ȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȑ
ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȖȉȝȊȈȚȐȊȠȐȍ ȍȋȖ șȏȈȌȐ ȏȈ ȠȍȦ
ȞȍȗȒȐȍ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȉȍȠȍȕȖ ȉȖȘȖȚȤșȧ ǶȌȕȈ ȘțȒȈ ȕȈȗȈȌȈȊ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȖșȓȈȉȓȈ — Ȗȕ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȖȉȍȎȌȈȓ ǵȖ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ
ȕȖș Ȑ ȘȖȚ ȏȈȓȍȗȐȓȖ ȒȓȍȑȒȖȍ țȌțȠȓȐȊȖȍ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȖ ȔȍȠȈȦ-
ȡȍȍ ȌȣȠȈȚȤ ǮȍȓȈȧ ȖȚȉȐȚȤșȧ ȘȈȏȖȔ Ȗȕ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȉȘȈȓ
ȊȖȏȌțȝ Ȑ ȒȈȒ șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȉȍȏȊȖȓȐȍ
ȘȈșșȓȈȉȓȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȋȘȣȠ ȌȍȓȈ
Ƕȕ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȌȖșȟȈȚȣȑ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȕȍȒȘȈȠȍȕȣȑ ȗȖȓ Ȋ ȚȖ
ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ șȓȍȗȖȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȔȍȚȖȌȐȟȍșȒȐ ȗȘȐȎȐ-
ȔȈȚȤ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞț ȗȘȖȗȐȚȈȕȕțȦ ȖȚȘȈȊȖȑ ȚȘȧȗȒț
Ƕȕ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ
ǷȖȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȤ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȌȍȓȖȔ șȕȧȓ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖ-
ȎȐȓ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȒȘțȎȒȐ șȊȖȐȝ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȝ ȖȟȒȖȊ ǹ
ȔȍȘȚȊȖȑ ȎȍȓȚȖȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȋȓȧȕțȓȐ ȎȐȊȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ — ȝȖ-
ȓȖȌȕȣȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ Ƕȕ Ȋȏȧȓ ȗȖȌ ȔȣȠȒț ȗȖȗȈȊȠȍȋȖ

105
Ȋ ȏȈȗȈȌȕȦ Ȑ ȗȖȚȈȡȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȊȖ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȦȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț
ǪȌȖȓȤ șȚȍȕȣ șȚȖȧȓȈ țȏȒȈȧ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȈȧ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȤ Ƕȕ șȌȍȘ-
ȕțȓ ȎȐȌȒȐȑ ȔȈȚȘȈȞ ǶȉȕȈȎȐȓșȧ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȑ Ȗș-
ȚȖȊDzȐȚȈȍȞ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȓ ǹȐȕȋț ȊȏȊȈȓȐȓ ȕȈ țȏȒȐȍ ȗȘțȚȤȧ
ȉȍșȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ Ȑ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȒȘțȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȈȟȒȖȑ ȊȏȧȚȣȝ
Ȑȏ țȋȓȈ ȊȍȘȍȊȖȒ ǸțȒȐ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȈ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȚȧȕțȓ Ȓ șȗȐȕȒȍ ȒȘȖ-
ȊȈȚȐ ǸȈșȒȐȕțȚȣȍ ȞȐȘȒțȓȍȔ ȕȖȋȐ ȗȘȖșțȕțȓ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȘȍȠȍȚȒț
Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȘțȚȐȓ Ȓ țȋȓȈȔ ȕȈȘțȎȕȖȑ ȘȈȔȣ
ǷȖȚȖȔ șȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȚȖȟȒȐ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȘȈȏȊȖȌȐȚȤ ȟțȋțȕȕțȦ ȗȍȟ-
Ȓț șȚȖȧȊȠțȦ ȗȖșȘȍȌȐ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ǪȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȊȣȚȈșȒȐ-
ȊȈȓ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȟȈșȣ Ȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓ ȕȈ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȓȏțȡțȦ șȚȘȍȓ-
Ȓț ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ǷȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ ȉȣȚȤ
ȘȖȊȕȖ Ȓ ȖȌȐȕȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ǬȈ Ȑ ȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȈș — ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ
ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖȍ Ȍȓȧ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȧ ȌȍȓȈ
ǷȍȟȒȈ ȘȈȏȋȖȘȈȓȈșȤ ǹțȝȐȍ ȗȖȓȍȕȞȈ ȋțȌȍȓȐ ȧȘȒȖ-ȎȍȓȚȣȔ
ȗȓȈȔȍȕȍȔ ȘȊțȡȐȔșȧ Ȋ ȎȍȓȍȏȕțȦ ȚȘțȉț ǺȘțȉȈ ȗȈȘȐȓȈ ȕȈȌ
ȗȖȚȖȓȒȖȔ Ȑ ȚȍȘȧȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȔ ȓȖșȒȍ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȑ ȒȈȜȍȓȤȕȖȑ
ȗȍȟȐ ǿțȋțȕȒȈ Ȑ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȔȍȚȈȓ-
ȓȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȖȊ Ȋ țȋȓț șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ ȊșȦ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒț ȒȖȔ-
ȕȈȚȣ
ǹȓȍȗȖȑ Ȋșȍ ȟȈȡȍ Ȑ ȟȈȡȍ ȊȣȚȈșȒȐȊȈȓ ȟȈșȣ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȈ
ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ȠȍȊȍȓȤȕțȓșȧ ȌȘȖȋȕțȓ ȊșȍȔ ȘȈșȚȧȕțȚȣȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ Ȑ șȖ
șȚȖȕȖȔ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț DzȐȚȈȍȞ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ
ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒț
ǵȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ ȘȈșȠȕțȘȖȊȣȊȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȉȖȚȐȕ-
ȒȐ ǹȕȧȓ ȖȌȐȕ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ șȚȈșȒȐȊȈȚȤ ȕȖșȒȐ ǰȏțȔȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ǹȐȕȋ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǩȘȈȚ ȔȖȑ
— ǬȖȒțȔȍȕȚ — ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȗȖ-ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ Ȑ ȉȍȏȈȗȍȓȓȧȞȐȖȕȕȖ
— ǵȖ  — ǹȐȕȋ ȉȣȓ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ țȌȐȊȓȍȕ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȌȖȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ
ȜȘȈȏț DzȐȚȈȍȞ șȕȧȓ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȖșȖȒ ȉȘȍȏȋȓȐȊȖ ȠȊȣȘȕțȓ ȍȋȖ
ȕȈ ȗȖȓ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȗȍȟȒȍ
— ǬȖȒțȔȍȕȚ ǪȍȘȝȕȦȦ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț Țț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ
ț ȊȈș ǵț ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ" ǫȌȍ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ" ǷȘȐ ȊȈș" ǰȓȐ"

107
ȕȈȟȕȍȚșȧ ȗȣȚȒȈ…
ǬȘȖȎȈȡȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ — ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț
ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȔ — ȗȈȓȈȟ ȗȘȐȎȈȓ ȗȘțȚ Ȓ ȗȧȚȒȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȍȘȚȊȣ
ǹȐȕȋ ȗȖȌȗȘȣȋȕțȓ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȒȘȖȊȈȚȤȦ Ȑ ȏȈșȚȖȕȈȓ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ Ȑ
ȗȘȖȚȧȎȕȖ ǯȈȗȈȝȓȖ ȗȈȓȍȕȣȔ ȔȧșȖȔ
Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȏȊȖȕȐȓ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȑ ǹȐȕȋ
ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ
«ǴȐȓȐȞȐȧ ǬȍșȧȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ țȎȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ǵȖ ȟȚȖ
șȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ" ǵȍ țȉȤȍȚ ȓȐ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȌȈȟȍȑ"»
Dz ȍȋȖ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȍȔț ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȦ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ șțȕțȓ
Ȋ ȗȍȟȒț Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȑ șȚȍȘȎȍȕȤ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ Ȑșȟȍȏ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔ-
ȕȈȚȣ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȕȈȘțȎȕȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȐ ǷȘȐșȓțȠȈȓșȧ ǺȐȝȖ
«ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ — Ȗȕ DzșȚȈȚȐ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ
ȚȈȔ ǪȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȖȕȐ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȊȔȍșȚȍ».
Ƕȕ ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ ș ȉȍȠȍȕȖ ȏȈȉȐȊȠȐȔșȧ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ
ȖȚșȒȖȟȐȓ ȊȋȓțȉȤ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȑ
ǿȍȚȊȍȘȖ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȊ Ȋ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ș ȗȖȌȕȧȚȣȔȐ ȔȍȝȖȊȣȔȐ ȊȖ-
ȘȖȚȕȐȒȈȔȐ Ȋ ȕȈȌȊȐȕțȚȣȝ ȕȈ ȊȣȗțȒȓȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȒȖȚȐȒȖȊȣȝ ȠȈȗ-
ȒȈȝ ȗȖȘȣȊȐșȚȖ ȊȖȘȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȏȈ-
ȗȍȘ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȕȈ ȌȊȈ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȈ Ȑ ȕȈȓȖȎȐȓ șȚȈȓȤȕțȦ ȞȍȗȖȟȒț
Ǫ ȥȚȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȠȍșȚȖȑ țȘȖȎȍȕȍȞ DzȐȚȈȧ ȏȈȗȣȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ Ȑ ȖșțȕțȊȠȐȑșȧ ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȖȓȋȖȋȖ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ Ȋȣȉȍ-
ȎȈȓ Ȑȏ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȈ ȌȖȔȈ Ȋ ǯȈȔȖșȒȊȖȘȍȟȤȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȊȈȓ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐ-
ȒȈ Ȑ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȍ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ǰȏȊȖȏȟȐȒ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȋ-
ȕȈȓ ȒȖșȚȓȧȊțȦ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ
 DzȐȚȈȑ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ
ǵȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȖȚȊȖ-
ȘȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȦȦ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍșȚțȗȐȓȐ
ȗȖȘȖȋ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔȐ ȉȍȏȏȈȡȐȚȕȣȑ Ȑ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȑ ȓȍȎȈȓ Ȑȝ
ȊȘȈȋ — ȚȖȚ Ȋ ȖȝȖȚȍ ȕȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȍȘȍȕȍșȓȐ șȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȓȐȠȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȗȘȖȍȝȈȓȐ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȗțȚȤ

108
ǷȍȘȍȌȕȐȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȘțȒț ȏȈ ȉȈȘȈȠȒȖȊȣȔ ȖȚȊȖȘȖ-
ȚȖȔ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ Ƕȕ ȐȏȊȓȍȒ ȍȍ ȖȚȚțȌȈ — Ȋ ȎȍȓȚȖȔ ȒțȓȈȒȍ șȊȍȘȒȈȓ
ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȑ țȏȒȐȑ ȒȓȐȕȖȒ
ǴȧȋȒȐȔȐ ȠȈȋȈȔȐ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȐȏȋȖȓȖȊȤȦ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ Ȑ
ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȕȖȎ
ǵȖ «șȓȍȗȖȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ» ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ȊȖȠȍȌȠȐȑ Ȋ ȒȖȔ-
ȕȈȚț țȎȍ țșȗȍȓ șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȤ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȋȍȡȍȑ Ƕȕ ȗȘȣȋȕțȓ
ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȓ țȌȈȘ ȋȖȚȖȊȣȑ ȗȘȐȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ ǹȐȕȋȈ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȕȖȎȖȔ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȘȈȏȢȧȘȍȕȕȣȍ ȉȍȓȒȐ
ȋȓȈȏ Ȑ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȍ ȗȖȓțȘȈșȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȋțȉȣ
ǹȓȍȗȖȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǶșȚȖȘȖȎȕȍȍ ȌȍȚȐ ȗțșȒȈȑ ȊȈȠ ȘȈșșțȌȖȒ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌȐȚ
ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȘțȒ Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȖ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȒȚȖ
Ȋȣ Ȑ ȏȈȟȍȔ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚȍșȤ ȏȌȍșȤ ǰ Ȋȣ Ȑ ȧ — «ȌȍȚȐ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈ-
ȒȖȕȈ». ǴȓȈȌȠȐȑ ȗȖȊȐȕțȍȚșȧ șȚȈȘȠȍȔț ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȗȖȊȐȕțȑ-
ȚȍșȤ
ǻȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȗȍȘȍȋȓȧȕțȓȐșȤ ǹȓȍȗȖȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓ-
ȎȈȓ
— ǼȈ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ǹȐȕȋ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȚȤ ȒȈȏȕȍȕ ǵȖ ȚȖȚ ȒȚȖ
țȔȍȘ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ƕȕ țȕȖșȐȚ șȊȖȐ ȚȈȑȕȣ ș
șȖȉȖȑ Ƕȕ țȕȖșȐȚ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȚȈȑȕț ȉțȔȈȋȐ
ǩȘȈȚȤȧ ǼȈ ȗȘȐșȓȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȊȈȔȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȕȣ țȏ-
ȕȈȓȐ ț Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋȈ ȒțȌȈ Ȗȕ ȌȍȊȈȓ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț «șȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȖ-
ȒȘȖȊȐȡȈ» — ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȈ ǶȕȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȚȤ ț ȕȍȋȖ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȣȚ-
ȒȈ ȊȣȘȊȍȚ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȐȍ Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ — ȒȐȚȈȍȞ șȌȍȓȈȓ
ȒȘȈșȕȖȘȍȟȐȊȣȑ ȘȍȎțȡȐȑ ȎȍșȚ
DzȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ ǶȟȍȕȤ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȘȐȚȊȖȘȧȊ-
ȠȐȑșȧ șȓȍȗȣȔ ȚȖȎȍ ȗȖșȓȈȕȕȐȒ ǼȈ Ȗȉȓȍȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȣșȠȍȑ
ȟȍȔ ȖȕȐ ȊȓȈșȚȤȦ Ǫ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ȉȣȊȈȓȐ ȚȈȒȐȍ șȓțȟȈȐ.
ǿȚȖ Ȗȕ Ȑȏ «ȌȍȚȍȑ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ» — ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȓȍȎȐȚ șȖȔ-
ȕȍȕȐȦ Ƕȕ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚ Ȋșȍ ȚȈȑȕȣȍ ȏȕȈȒȐ Ȑ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȊȍ-
ȟȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ, ȌȍȓȖ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȚȍȔ Ȏȍ ǪȍșȤ ȊȖ-
ȗȘȖș Ȋ ȚȖȔ — țȉȐȚȤ ȓȐ ǹȐȕȋȈ șȘȈȏț ȐȓȐ ȗȘȍȌȊȈȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȕțȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȣȚȒȍ"
ǷȖ ȉȍȏȔȖȓȊȕȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈȔ șȓȍȗȖȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ
ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȖ Ƕȕ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȐȓ Ȓ Ȍȍȓț
ǭȋȖ ȎȐȊȣȍ ȏȘȈȟȒȐ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȓȐ ȚțșȒȓȣȔ ȖȋȕȍȔ ǵȍȗȖȌ-
ȊȐȎȕȖȍ ȗȘȐȗțȝȠȍȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȚȣȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ

109
ȖȚȌȈȊȈȧ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ «Ƕȕ țȎȍ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȈ ȗȣȚȒȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȎȐȋȈȕȐȧ — ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȤ ȍȍ ǵțȎȕȖ ȘȈșȒȈȓȐȚȤ ȍȡȍ
ȖȌȐȕ ȗȘțȚ Ȑ ȡȐȗȞȣ ȊȖȚ Țȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȓȍȎȈȚ Ȋ țȋȓț ǫȖȓȖȊț
ǹȐȕȋȈ ȖȒȘțȎȐȚȤ ȟȍȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȔȧȋȒȐȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȘȈșȠȐȉ
ȍȍ Ȑ ȕȍ țșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓ ȖȚ ȌȖȗȘȖșȈ» Ƕȕ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ Ȑȏ țȋȓȈ ȗȖȌț-
ȠȒț Ȑ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȊ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȧȊȠȐȑșȧ ȏȈȚȣȓȖȒ ȗȖȌșțȕțȓ ȍȍ
ȚțȌȈ
ǹȐȕȋ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȧȚȤșȧ Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȋȐȉ ȖȒȖȕ-
ȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȋȐȉ șȈȔȖȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ Ȑȏ Ȋșȍȝ șȔȍȘȚȍȑ ǶȌȕȈ ȕȈ-
ȌȍȎȌȈ ȕȈ ȔȐȓȐȞȐȦ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȔȍȘ"
DzȈȒ ȉȣ țȋȈȌȈȊ ȍȋȖ ȔȣșȓȐ șȓȍȗȖȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ȌȈȓ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖȍ
ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȍ
— ǩȍȓȈȧ ȒȘȣșȈ ȎȌȍȚ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ — Ȗȕ șȕȖȊȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȗȖ-ȒȐ-
ȚȈȑșȒȐ Ȑ ȍȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ ȏȊțȟȈȓȐ ȕȍșȒȘȣȊȈȍȔȣȔ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȖȔ —
ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ǮȍȓȈȍȠȤ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȗȖȟȍȔț" ǷȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȏȈ-
ȗȐșȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Țȣ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȕȈ Ȑ șȖȎȎȍȕȈ ȇ
ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȖȉȔȈȕțȓ Țȍȉȧ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋșȍ ȕȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȘȖșȚȖȒ ȗȖȌȖȏ-
ȘȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȘȈșȞȊȍȓ Ȋ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȌțȠȍ ǴȈȓȤȟȐȠȒȈ ȉȣȓ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȕȤ-
Ƞȍ ȗȖȌȒțȗȓȍȕ ȔȕȖȑ ǬȈ ǵȐȟȚȖ — ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȠȤ — ȕȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ
ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚ Țȍȉȍ ȐȏȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȔțȟȍȕȐȑ
ǩȍȋȈȦȡȐȍ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȧȡȐȍ ȏȘȈȟȒȐ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȗȘȐȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ
Ȓ ȓȐȞț ǹȐȕȋȈ ǻȎȍ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȏȘȈȟȒȐ ȥȚȐ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈ-
ȓȐ ȍȔț ȋȓȈȏȈ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȗȖȋȐȉȠȍȋȖ ȊȘȈȋȈ ǵȖ Ȗȕ ȏȕȈȓ ȕȈȊȍȘ-
ȕȖȍ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȚ ȊȘȈȋ țȔȍȘ
Ǩ ȥȚȖȚ ȋȖȓȖș ǮȍȓȚȣȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȝ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȒȖșȖȑ ȠȘȈȔ ǵȍ ȥȚȐ ȓȐ ȘțȒȐ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȓ
ȍȋȖ ȋȖȘȓț ȕȈ ȖȚȊȍșȍ ȋȖȘȕȖȑ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȣ ǺȐȉȍȚȈ" ǵȍ ȥȚȖȚ ȓȐ
ȋȖȓȖș ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȚȖȚ țȒȘȈȊȠȐȑ ȉțȔȈȋț ȗȖȋȐȉ țȗȈȓ Ȋ ȉȍȏ-
ȌȖȕȕțȦ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤ ǰ ȏȈȚȍȔ — ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ǽȖȚȧ
ǵȍșȚȍȘȗȐȔȈȧ ȊșȗȣȠȒȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȖȏȈȘȍȕȐȍ ȖșȊȍȚȐȓȐ
ȐȏȔțȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȖȏȋ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒ
ȅȚȖȚ șȓȍȗȖȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ…
ǹȓȍȗȖȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ șȒȓȖȕȧȓșȧ ȕȈȌ ȚȍȓȖȔ ȘȈșȗȓȈșȚȈȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȈȋȈ ǬȊȖȍ ȌȘțȋȐȝ șȕȧȊ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ȊȖȏȐȓȐșȤ ț ȗȍȟȒȐ Ƕș-
ȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ șȐȌȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȚȖȟȒȈȝ ȉȍșȗȍȟȕȖ ȉȖȓȚȈȓȐ ǫȘȖȔȒȐȑ ȋȖ-
ȓȖș ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȈ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ Ȑȝ ȍȌȊȈ-ȍȌȊȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȚȤ ȒȖșȖȋȓȈȏȣȍ
ȓȐȞȈ

110
ǯȈȚȖ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȏȊțȒ — țȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȘȍȏȒȐȑ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ — ȔȖȔȍȕ-
ȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ Ȑȝ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ Ǫșȍ ȗȧȚȍȘȖ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȋȓȧ-
ȕțȓȐșȤ
ǯȊȖȕȖȒ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓșȧ
ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȊ Ȑșȟȍȏ ȏȈ ȌȊȍȘȤȦ
Ƕȕ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ.
ǯȈȗȣȓȍȕȕȣȑ țșȚȈȓȣȑ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒ ȟȍȘȚȈȔȐ ȓȐȞȈ —
ȉȘȈȚ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ
— ǩȘȈȚȤȧ ȧ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ Ȑȏ ǷȍȒȐȕȈ ǪȖȚ ȗȍȘȋȈȔȍȕȚ ș ȗȘȐȒȈ-
ȏȖȔ ǼȈ ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȖșȗȍȓ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȍȗȘȍȌȊȐȌȍȕȕȣȍ
ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ
Ƕȕ ȖȒȐȕțȓ ȉȣșȚȘȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȑ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ ȕȈ
ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȕȕȖȔ Ȓ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ
— ǶȚȗțșȚȐȚȍ Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋȈ Ƕȕ — ȌȘțȋ ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ǹțȕȤ-Ǫȥȕ ȘȈș-
șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈȔ Ȋșȍ ǬȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȉȖ ȕȍ ȌȖȗțșȚȐȊ-
Ƞȍȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȉȖȘȞȈ ȏȈ ȗȘȈȊȌț
DzȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ǶȕȐ ȓȖȊȒȖ ȘȈșȗțȚȣȊȈȓȐ
ȊȍȘȍȊȒȐ ȊȗȐȊȠȐȍșȧ Ȋ ȖȚȍȒȠȍȍ ȚȍȓȖ ǵȖ Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋț ȉȣȓȖ
țȎȍ ȉȍȏȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȊȠȍȍ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ǫȓțȉȖȒȐȑ Ȗȉ-
ȔȖȘȖȒ ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȒȈȟȈȦȡțȦ ȗțșȚȖȚț
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ Ȗȟȕțȓșȧ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȧȚȍȘȖ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȊ ȖȒ-
ȘțȎȈȦȚ ȠȍșȚȖȋȖ ȚȖȋȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ ȍȋȖ șȦȌȈ
DzȐȚȈȍȞ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȌȍȘȎȈ ȘțȒȐ Ȋ șȒȓȈȌȒȈȝ ȠȐȕȍȓȐ
DzȐȚȈȑȞȣ șȓțȠȈȓȐ ȔȘȈȟȕȖ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ǹȐȕȋ Ȗȗțș-
ȚȐȓ ȉȖșȣȍ ȕȖȋȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ țȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ
ȗȈȓȍȞ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȘțȒȐ:
— ǬȍȚȐ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ ǪȖȏȤȔȐȚȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ —
Ȗȕ ȐșȚȐȕȕȣȑ ȊȐȕȖȊȕȐȒ ȗȘȖȗȈȎȐ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȈ Ƕȕ — ȊȘȈȋ Ȑ
ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȅȚȖ — dzȐ-ǪȖ dzȤȊȖȊ ȚȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ȌțȔȈ-
ȓȐ ȗȖȋȐȉ Ȋ țȡȍȓȤȍ ǺȐȉȍȚȈ
 ǴȈșȒȈ șȖȘȊȈȕȈ
ǵȍ țșȗȍȓȐ ȖȚȏȊȍȕȍȚȤ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȏȊțȒȐ ȥȚȐȝ
șȓȖȊ ȒȈȒ șȓȍȗȖȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ȘȊȈȕțȓ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȟȍȘȕțȦ șȚȈȓȤ
ȒȖȓȤȚȈ ǵȖ ȉȣȓȖ țȎȍ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ǬȍșȧȚȖȒ ȎȍȓȚȣȝ ȘțȒ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ

111
ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȓȐȠȐȓ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȤȧ
ǹȐȕȋ ȠȈȋȕțȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȎȋțȟțȦ ȉȖȓȤ Ȋ ȖȗȈȓȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȕȖȋȍ ǷȘȖȚȧȕțȊ ȘțȒț țȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȏȈ ȔȖȘȡȐ-
ȕȐșȚțȦ ȓȐȔȖȕȕțȦ ȒȖȎț ȊȘȈȋȈ Ƕȕ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓ — ȡȍȒȈ Ȉ ș ȕȍȑ
Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒȈȝ ǵȈ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚ-
ȊțȦȡȐȝ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȖ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ șȐȓȧȡȍȍșȧ ȗȘȍȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȓȣȉ-
ȕțȚȤșȧ ȓȐȞȖ dzȤȊȖȊȈ
ǹȐȕȋ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ
— ǪȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȚȤ ȖșȚȈȚȖȒ ȌȖȒț-
ȔȍȕȚȈ Ǫȣ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȏȕȈȚȤ, ȒȚȖ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒȖȑ — ȧ șȒȈȎț ȊȈȔ ȇ țș-
ȗȍȓ ȕȈȊȍșȚȐ șȗȘȈȊȒȐ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ șțȉȢȍȒȚȍ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȖȚȗȘȣșȒ ȋȕȐȓȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȘțșșȒȐȝ ȈȘȐșȚȖȒȘȈ-
ȚȖȊ ȒȕȧȏȤ ȗȖȚȖȔȖȒ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȝ ȓȖȘȌȖȊ Ȗȕ țȕȐȏȐȓșȧ ȌȖ ȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȊșȚțȗȐȓ Ȋ ȉȈȕȌȐȚșȒțȦ ȠȈȑȒț ȖȘțȌȖȊȈȊȠțȦ ȕȈ ǪȖș-
ȚȖȒȍ DzȖȋȌȈ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȗȘȖȋȖȘȍȓȖ Ȗȕ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȏȈȕȧȚȤșȧ ȉȖȓȍȍ
ȊȣȋȖȌȕȣȔ Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȕȐȒ Ȋ ȊȈȠȍ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ȗȖȌ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȘȍȊȖ-
ȓȦȞȐȖȕȍȘȈ Ȑ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȌȈȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȌȘțȏȤȧȔ-ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȈȔ
șȊȖȉȖȌț DzȐȚȈȧ ǿȚȖ ȕțȎȕȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ș ȚȈȒȐȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ"
ǯȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȊȠȐȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ
— ǺȈȒȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȎȌȍȚ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤ Ȗ ȌȘțȋ ȕȍ-
șȟȈșȚȕȣȑ ǵȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȉțȌȍȔ Ȗ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȑ ȊȐȕȍ ǪȍȘȝȕȧȧ ȟȈșȚȤ
ȉțȔȈȋȐ șȖȝȘȈȕȍȕȕȈȧ ȚȖȉȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȕȈ ǹțȕȤ-ǪȥȕȖȔ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ
ǼȈ ǵȐȎȕȍȑ ȐșȟȍȏȕțȊȠȍȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȋȌȍ ǶȕȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ
ȉȣȚȤ ț ȥȚȖȑ șȖȉȈȒȐ ǹȓțȠȈȑ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȖȚȌȈȠȤ ȓȐ Țȣ ȕȈȔ
ȥȚț ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț"
dzȤȊȖȊ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ Ǻȣ ȖȚȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȠȤșȧ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ ȕȈȔ ȕȈȠț șȖȉșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȅȚȖ — ȚȊȖȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ șȓȖȊȖ" ǭȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȊȏȊȍșȤ ȕȈ
ȊȍșȈȝ ȘȈșșțȌȒȈ ȚȊȖȐ șȓȖȊȈ ǶȚȊȍȟȈȑ
ǩȓȍȌȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ dzȤȊȖȊȈ ȗȖȒȘȣȓȖșȤ ȓȍȋȒȐȔ ȘțȔȧȕȞȍȔ ȕȈ-
ȌȍȎȌȣ Ƕȕ ȕȈȝȈȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȊȣșȖȒȖȔȍȘȕȖ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȖȒȘțȎȈ-
ȦȡȐȝ
— ǾȍȕȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȈ — ȔȖȧ șȊȖȉȖȌȈ ǬȈ ȖșȚȈȚȖȒ ȉț-
ȔȈȋȐ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ǵȖ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȕȈȌȍȎȕȣȝ ȘțȒȈȝ Ǫȣ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ țȉȐȚȤ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȖȑ
ȉȖȋȖȔ șȚȘȈȕȍ ȍșȚȤ ȏȈȒȖȕ ǯȈ țȉȐȑșȚȊȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȘȈșșȚȘȍȓȐȊȈȦȚ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȞȍȕȖȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ

112
ǪȣȋȐȉȈȧșȤ Ȑ ȊȉȐȘȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȋ ȗȓȍȟȐ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȌȘțȋȖȑ
ȒȐȚȈȍȞ
— ǹȊȖȉȖȌȈ ǵȍȚ Țȣ ȖșțȎȌȍȕ Ȑ Țȣ țȔȘȍȠȤ ǵȖ Țȣ ȔȖȎȍȠȤ
țȔȍȘȍȚȤ ȗȖ-ȘȈȏȕȖȔț ǹȍȑȟȈș Țȣ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȘȈȏȌȍȚ Ȑ șȊȧȏȈȕ Ǵȣ
ȉțȌȍȔ ȒȈȘȈȚȤ Țȍȉȧ ȒȈȒ ȖȚȞȍțȉȐȑȞț Ȑ ȒȓȧȚȊȖȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȐȒȈ
ǪȖȚ ȥȚȐȔȐ ȡȐȗȞȈȔȐ ȘȈșȒȈȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȌȖȉȍȓȈ Ȕȣ ȊȣȘȊȍȔ
șȖșȞȣ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȋȘțȌȐ Ȑ ȚȖ ȟȍȔ Țȣ Ȑ Țȍȉȍ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ ȘȖȎȌȈȦȚ
ȌȍȚȍȑ ǭșȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ Țȣ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȘȖȍȠȤ șȍȒȘȍȚȈ Ȕȣ Ȋȣ-
ȘȍȎȍȔ ȚȊȖȐ ȒȖȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȟȈȠȒȐ ǺȊȖȐ ȕȖȏȌȘȐ Ȑ țȠȐ ȚȖȎȍ ȉț-
ȌțȚ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȣ ȖȋȕȦ ǷȖȚȖȔ — Țȣ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȥȚț ȗȍȟȤ" — Ȕȣ ȉț-
ȌȍȔ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ Țȍȉȧ — ȘȈȏȌȍȚȖȋȖ Ȑ ȐșȚȍȒȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ — ȗȘȐ-
ȎȈȚȣȔ Ȓ Ȏȍȓȍȏț ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȒȈ ȚȊȖȍ ȔȧșȖ ȕȍ ȖȉȕȈȎȐȚ ȒȖș-
Țȍȑ ǷȖȚȖȔ
ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ, dzȤȊȖȊ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȓ Ȋ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȧȚ-
ȕȣȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ǭȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȘȈșȠȐȘȐȓȐșȤ șțȝȐȍ ȋțȉȣ ȗȖȌȍȘȋȐ-
ȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍȘȊȕȖȑ ȌȘȖȎȤȦ ǵȖ ȕȈ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȊȖȗȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȎȍșȚ
ȋȖȊȖȘȧȡȍȋȖ Ȗȕ șȕȖȊȈ șȓȈȉȖ ȒȈȟȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
ȅȚȖ ȌȈȓȖ ȚȖȓȟȖȒ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȐȔ ǬȊȖȍ ȗȘȣȋȕțȓȐ Ȑ ȉȣșȚ-
ȘȖ șȖȘȊȈȓȐ ș ȕȍȋȖ ȊȍȘȝȕȦȦ ȖȌȍȎȌț ǶȉȕȈȎȐȓȖșȤ ȒȖșȚȓȧȊȖȍ
ȊȖȓȖșȈȚȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȊ șȕȧȓ ș Ȗȋȕȧ șȊȍȚȧȡȐȍșȧ
ȡȐȗȞȣ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȉȓȐȎȍ
ȅȚȖ țȎȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȣȠȍ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȋȖ ȔțȎȍșȚȊȈ ǽȘȐȗȓȣȔ Ȑ
ȍȓȍ șȓȣȠȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ dzȤȊȖȊ ȗȘȖșȚȖȕȈȓ
— ǷȖșȚȖȑȚȍ Ǫ ȔȍȝȖȊȖȑ ȠȈȗȒȍ ȏȈȠȐȚ ȗȖȌ ȗȖȌȒȓȈȌ-
ȒȖȑ șȗȍȘȍȌȐ ǪȖȏȤȔȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȒȖȕȟȈȑȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ ȊȖ-
ȕȦȟȐȍ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȣ
Ƕȕ ȖȉȊȐș Ȋ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȠȐȝ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒȈȝ Ƕȉȓȍȏȓȣȑ Ȕȍȝ ȏȈȚȘȍ-
ȡȈȓ Ȋ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȣȝ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȝ ȐșȒȈȊȠȐȝ ǶșȚȈȚȖȒ ȉțȔȈȋȐ Ȗȟț-
ȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ «ȌȍȚȍȑ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ».
ǵȖ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȕȖȔț ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȔț șȖȉȣȚȐȦ ȉȣȓȖ șțȎȌȍȕȖ
ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ ȥȚț ȚȘȈȋȐȟȍșȒțȦ șȞȍȕț
ǷȖșȖȓ ǼȈ ș ȚȖȋȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈ ȒȈȒ ȚȍȓȖ dzȤȊȖȊȈ ȖȉȕȈ-
ȎȐȓȖșȤ Ȍȓȧ ȗȣȚȒȐ ȊȗȈȓ Ȋ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ șȚȖȓȉ-
ȕȧȒ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȒȐ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȈ Ȗȕ șȚȘȧȝȕțȓ ș șȍȉȧ
ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ Ȓ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȔȍȘȞȈȊȠȐȍ țȎȈșȖȔ ȋȓȈȏȈ
— DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ dzȈȑȖȕ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȌȤȧȊȖȓ — Ȗȕ țȒȈȏȈȓ
ȗȘȣȋȈȦȡȐȔ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ ȕȈ ȉȍșȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ
— ǩȘȈȚ Ǩȕ-Ǿȏȣ ȟȚȖ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ" ǿȚȖ Țȣ țȊȐȌȍȓ" — ȒȐȚȈȑ-

113
Ȟȣ ȚȖȓȗȖȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȊȠȍȔț ȥȚț ȜȘȈȏț
Ǩȕ-Ǿȏȣ Ȋ ȐȏȕȍȔȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ șȒȘȐȗȕțȊȠțȦ ȒȘȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ
— DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ dzȈȑȖȕ ǩȘȈȚȤȧ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȍ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȐȍ.
ǻ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȈȉȖȚȐȚȍȓȧ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȊȍȏȠȍȋȖ șȓȈȌȒțȦ ȖȚ-
ȘȈȊț ȖșȓȈȉȐȊȠțȦ șȚȘȈȕț ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȌ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȋȘțȌȤȦ ȗȧȚȕȖ
ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȖȦ ș ȞȍȕȚ ȅȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȓȐȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȏȕȈȒ ȍȋȖ Ȑ Ȋșȍȝ
ȍȋȖ ȗȖȚȖȔȒȖȊ ǰ ȏȌȍșȤ
Ǫșȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȘȈȏȖȔ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ dzȤȊȖȊȈ ǬȊȖȍ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȊ
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȖȉȔȖȘȖȟȕțȦ ȉȍșȗȖ-
ȔȖȡȕȖșȚȤ
ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȌ ȗȘȈȊȣȔ șȖșȒȖȔ ȕȈ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȑ ȠȍȘȖ-
ȝȖȊȈȚȖȑ ȒȖȎȍ ȚȍȔȕȍȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȒȘțȎȖȒ ǬȈȎȍ
ǹȐȕȋ țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔț șȖȊȗȈȌȍȕȐȦ Ǩ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ
— ȘȈȏȊȍ «ȓȈȑȖȕ» ȗȖ-ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ «ȓȍȊ»" ǰ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȐȔȈȧ ȊȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȍ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ dzȤȊȖȊȈ
ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȊ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǬȍȚȐ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ Ȕȣ ȖȉȍȡȈȓȐ ȕȖ Ȕȣ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȔ
ȗȘȖșȚȖ țȉȐȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȐȒȈ ǬȤȧȊȖȓ ȎȐȊȍȚ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ǪșȚț-
ȗȈȧ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȕȍș ȒȓȧȚȊț ȔșȚȐȚȤ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȗȘȍȌȒȈȔ ǷȖȚȖȔȖȒ ȊȘȈȋȈ ȊșȍȋȖ DzȐȚȈȧ ȗȖșȧȋȕțȊȠȐȑ ȕȈ
Ȍțȝ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȊȠȐȑ șȓȖȊț Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȗȖȌ-
ȊȍȘȋȕțȚȤșȧ ȊșȍȔ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ ȔțȟȍȕȐȧȔ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ
ȍȋȖ țȠȐ ǪȖȏȤȔȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ
ǵȖ ȚțȚ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȒȈȚȍȋȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐ ȊȔȍȠȈȓșȧ ǹȐȕȋ
— ǬȍȚȐ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ Ȋȣ ȕȍȗȘȈȊȣ Ǫȣ ȖȉȍȡȈȓȐ ȥȚȖ-
Ȕț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȔțȟȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ǰ ȧ — Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋ —
ȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȦ ȊȈȔ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ǪȈȔ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȐȔȍȚȤ ȌȍȓȖ țȎȍ
șȖ ȔȕȖȑ
Ƕȕ Ȋȣȕțȓ ȖșȚȣȊȈȊȠȐȍ ȡȐȗȞȣ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ Ǩȕ-Ǿȏȣ Ȑ ș ȖȚȊȘȈ-
ȡȍȕȐȍȔ ȠȊȣȘȕțȓ Ȑȝ Ȋ țȋȖȓ
— ǪȐȌȐȚȍ ȓȐ ȏȌȍșȤ ȍșȚȤ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȊȣȝȖȌ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ
ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȗȘȐȔȐȘȐȚȤșȧ ȖȚȌȈȑȚȍ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȈ
Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ǹȖȊȍȚșȒȖȑ ȊȓȈșȚȐ Ƕȕ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȊȘȈȋ ȕȈȔ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȊȈȔ
ǹȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȣȑ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȘșȒȐȑ șțȌ ȘȈȏȉȍȘȍȚ Ȑ ȕȈȒȈȎȍȚ ȍȋȖ
ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ǰȕȈȟȍ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȦ ȊȈȔ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ țȉȐȚȤ ȚȈȒȎȍ
Ȑ Ȕȍȕȧ

114
— ǵȖ ȔȍșȚȤ — ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȗȍȘȍȋȓȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȕȍȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ — ȏȈȒȖȕ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȖȚȞȖȊ Ȗ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȣȑ
— ȇ ȉȍȘț ȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ Ǫȣ ȊȍȌȤ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍ-
ȕȣ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȍ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȈ Ȋ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȘțȒȈȝ ǴȖȋț șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȖȌ-
ȕȖ ȕȈȠ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒ ȕȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ
ȏȓȖ ǵț"
DzȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ ǷȖȚȖȔ țȗȖȓȕȖȔȖȟȍȕȕȣȑ ǼȈ Ǩȕ-Ǿȏȣ,
ȘȈșȠȐȘȐȓ ȋȘțȌȤ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔ ȊȏȌȖȝȖȔ Ȑ șȒȓȖȕȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ Ȕȣ ȖȚȌȈȍȔ Țȍȉȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǵȖ ȗȖȔȕȐ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȌȤȧȊȖȓ ȎȐȊȍȚ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ǬȈ ȒȈȏȕȐȚ
ȍȋȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȑ șțȌ DzȘȈșȕȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ Ǫȣ șȖȋȓȈș-
ȕȣ Ȗ ȉȘȈȚȤȧ"
Ǫșȍ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ ȏȈȒȐȊȈȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȈȔȐ
 ǺȈȒ ȉțȌȍȚ
ǵȈ ȥȚȖȔ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȒȖȕȟȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈȠ ȘȖȔȈȕ ǵȖ
ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ Ȑȏ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȖȉȐȌȕȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȔ Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔț șȌȍȓȈȍȔ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍ-
ȕȐȍǷȖșȓȍ ȊȣȏȖȊȈ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȍȑ ǫǷǻ Ȑ șȌȈȟȐ ȐȔ Ȓȕȧȏȧ
dzȤȊȖȊȈ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈȔ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȐȊȠȐȔ șȊȖȦ ȏȈȌȈȟț șȚȈȓȖ ȕȍȟȍ-
ȋȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ. ǵȖ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍșȚȐ ȒȖȍ-
ȒȈȒȐȍ ȜȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ șȊȧȏȐ ș țȉȐȑșȚȊȖȔ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒȈ ǫțȕ-
ȚȈ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȍȔ Ȋ ȗțșȚȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ Ȑ ȈȘȍșȚȖȔ șȖȖȉȡȕȐȒȖȊ
dzȤȊȖȊȈ ǵȈ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓȖșȤ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ǰ ȥȚȐ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ȌȍȚȐ
ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌșȚȊȖȔ ǹȐȕȋȈ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓȐ
ǴȖșȒȊț
ǵȈȒȈȕțȕȍ Ȑȝ ȖȚȢȍȏȌȈ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ «ǸțȒȐ ȗȘȖȟȤ ȖȚ DzȐȚȈȧ»
țșȚȘȖȐȓȖ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȣȑ ȔȐȚȐȕȋ
ǶȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȏȈȓ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ ȉȣȓ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȕȍȕ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȣ-
ȔȐ șȓțȠȈȚȍȓȧȔȐ
ǵȈ ȥșȚȘȈȌȍ țȊȍȠȈȕȕȖȑ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ ȗȓȈȒȈȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȘȚȘȍ-
ȚȈȔȐ ȊȖȎȌȍȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȖȘȈȚȖȘ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȖ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȐȊȈȓ Șț-
ȒȈȔȐ ȐȏȓȈȋȈȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȈ DzȐȚȈȧ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȈȓȐșȚȈȔȐ Ȑ
ȗȍȘșȗȍȒȚȐȊȣ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ ǵȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȐȝ ȗȖȟȍȚȕȣȝ

115
ȔȍșȚȈȝ — ȗȧȚȍȘȖ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȊ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓțȠȈȓȐ ȗȖȓțȗȖ-
ȕȧȚȕțȦ ȕȖ ȚȈȒțȦ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕțȦ Ȑ țȊȍȘȍȕȕțȦ ȘȍȟȤ
ǷȧȚȍȘȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȍ ȒȐȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȚȈȒȚ șȓȖȊȈȔ ȉȘȐȚȣȔȐ ȔȈ-
ȒțȠȒȈȔȐ ǵȈȗȖȓȕȧȓȐșȤ ȓȈșȒȈȦȡȐȔ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȍȔ ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ ǯȈȒȘȣȊȈȓȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǰ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ
ǬȖȒțȔȍȕȚȣ ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȣ Ȋ ǷȍȒȐȕ ǶȕȐ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ǼȈ ǿȎȈȕ-
ǾȏȖ-dzȐȕ șȚȈȊȐȚșȧ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ Ȋ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ Ƕȕ — ȗȍȘȍȌ ȓȐȞȖȔ
ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȖȋȖ ǿȎȈȕ-ǾȏȖ-dzȐȕ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚțȍȚ ȕȖ șȌȈȍȚșȧ ǭȋȖ
ȊȖȍȕȕȈȧ ȔȖȡȤ ȊȖ ȊȓȈșȚȐ «ȌȍȚȍȑ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ».
Ǫ ǷȍȒȐȕȍ ȍȌȐȕȖȍ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ Ǫ ȗȘȈ-
ȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȊȝȖȌȐȚ Ȑ ǹțȕ-ȇȚ-ǹȍȕ — ȜȈȕȚȈȏȍȘ Ȑ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȤ
ȕȖ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȉȖȘȍȞ ȏȈ ȐȏȋȕȈȕȐȍ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȍȊ. ǪșȦȌț ȕȈ-
ȟȐȕȈȍȚșȧ ȚȈȑȕȈȧ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȒȈ Ȓ ȊȖȑȕȍ
DzȖȕȚȘȈȉȈȕȌȖȑ ȗȘȐȊȖȏȐȚșȧ ȖȘțȎȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȘȈȏȌȈȦȚ ȚȍȔ,
ȟȤȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȑ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȘȈȕȈȝ ȌȍȓȈȦȚșȧ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȍ
ȗȍȘȍȊȖȘȖȚȣ ǵȈ ȚȈȑȕȣȝ ȕȖȟȕȣȝ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧȝ ȖȗȣȚȕȣȍ ȖȜȐ-
ȞȍȘȣ ȖȉțȟȈȦȚ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȌȘȈȚȤșȧ ȕȍ ȝțȎȍ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȈȔȍȘȐ-
ȒȈȕșȒȐȝ șȖȓȌȈȚ
ǪșȗȣȝȐȊȈȍȚ ȊȖȑȕȈ ǶȉȡȐȔȐ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȔȐ țșȐȓȐȧȔȐ ȐȕȖșȚ-
ȘȈȕȞȣ șȉȘȖȠȍȕȣ Ȋ ȖȒȍȈȕ ǹȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȍ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ șȊȖ-
ȉȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ DzȐȚȈȑșȒȐȍ ȒțȗȞȣ Ȑ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȈȕȚȣ ȔȖȋțȚ ȉȖ-
ȋȈȚȍȚȤ ȕȍ ȉȖȧșȤ ȕȐȟȤȐȝ ȗȘȐȚȍșȕȍȕȐȑ DzȐȚȈȑșȒȐȍ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ 
ǸȈȉȖȟȐȔ ȚȖȎȍ ȌȈȦȚșȧ ȒȖȍ-ȒȈȒȐȍ ȗȘȈȊȈ — ȕȍ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȐȍ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ
ǬȈȓȤȠȍ «ȌȍȚȐ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ» ȕȍ ȊȐȌȧȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ǶȕȐ
șȓȈȌȒȖ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȦȚșȧ țȎȍ ȕȍ șȓțȠȈȧ ȖȘȈȚȖȘȈ ȖȚȌȈȕȕȣȍ
șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȔȣșȓȧȔ ǵȖ șȐȌȧȡȐȑ ȘȧȌȖȔ Ǩȉț-ǹȐȕȋ ȊȐȌȐȚ
Ȑ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
DzȐȚȈȑșȒȈȧ ȉțȘȎțȈȏȐȧ ȗȘȖȋȕȈȊȠȈȧ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȍȊ ȘȈșȚȍȚ
Ȑ ȉȖȋȈȚȍȍȚ ǭȑ ȕțȎȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȎȐȊȣȝ ȔȈ-
ȠȐȕ DzȘȍșȚȤȧȕȍ șȋȖȕȧȦȚșȧ ș ȏȍȔȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȊȣȘȈșȚȈȦȚ
ȜȈȉȘȐȒȐ Ȑ ȏȈȊȖȌȣ ǩȍȏȏȍȔȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȍȘȍȔȈȕȐȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖ-
ȌȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȕȖȑ ȗȓȈȚȖȑ ǶȕȐ șȓȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ș ȗȘȍȎȕȐ-
ȔȐ ȜȈȉȘȐȟȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȘȐȈȚ Ȋ ȊȍȓȐȒțȦ
ȘȈȉȖȟțȦ ȈȘȔȐȦ
ǷȘȖȓȍȚȈȘȐȈȚ ȘȈșȚȍȚ Ȋ ȗȖȚț Ȑ Ȋ ȔțȒȈȝ ǮȍșȚȒȈȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏțȍȚ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȗȘȖȜșȖȦȏȣ ǸȈșȠȐȘȧȍȚșȧ ȍȋȖ
ȚȈȑȕȖȍ șȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȧȌȘȖ — ȒȖȔȔțȕȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȗȈȘȚȐȧ

ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȚȍșȕȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȏȘȈȉȖȚȐȞț ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȌ
ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȘȐȈȚ ȒȘȍȗȕȍȚ Ȑ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ǪȍșȤ DzȐȚȈȑ ȗȖȒȘȣȚ
țȎȍ ȠȈȝȚȈȔȐ ȏȈȊȖȌȈȔȐ ȌȖȒȈȔȐ ǰ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ
ȘȈȉȖȟȐȑ ȒȓȈșș ȊȣȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȊȓȈșȚȤ Ȑȏ ȞȍȗȒȐȝ ȕȖ țȎȍ ȖșȓȈȉȍȊ-
ȠȐȝ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȊ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ Ȑ ȌȘȧȝȓȖȑ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ȉțȘȎțȈȏȐȐ
ǰ ȊȐȌȐȚ ǹȐȕȋ
ǵȈȌ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȖȚ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ Ȓ ȖȒȍȈȕț ȘȈșȒȐȕțȊȠȍȑșȧ șȚȘȈ-
ȕȖȑ ș ȖȋȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȈȌȗȐșȤȦ «ǹǹǹǸ» ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ ȚȍȔȕȈȧ ȜȐ-
ȋțȘȈ ȘȈȉȖȟȍȋȖ ǸȈȉȖȟȐȑ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȧȍȚșȧ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȍȚ ȊȌȈȓȤ ȋȘț-
ȉțȦ ȒȖȘȐȟȕȍȊțȦ ȘțȒț Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȍȚ ȍȍ Ȓ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȔț ȚțȔȈȕ-
ȕȖȔț ǪȖșȚȖȒț
ǰ ș ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ — ȖȚȚțȌȈ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȌ ȏȈȓȐȚȣȔȐ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ
ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈȔȐ ȟȍȘȕȍȦȚ ȕȈȌȗȐșȐ «DzȐȚȈȑ» Ȑ «ǰȕȌȐȧ», —
ȊȖȏȕȐȒȈȦȚ ȖȚȊȍȚȕȖ ȌȊȍ ȜȐȋțȘȣ — ȎȍȓȚȖȓȐȞȍȋȖ șȋȖȘȉȓȍȕȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȒțȓȐ Ȑ șȚȘȖȑȕȖȋȖ ȉȘȖȕȏȖȊȖȋȖ ȐȕȌțșȈ ǶȕȐ ȚȖȎȍ ȊȣȚȧȋȐ-
ȊȈȦȚ șȊȖȐ ȕȍȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȍ ȖȚ ȕȍȗȖșȐȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȚȘț-
ȌȈ ȘțȒȐ ǰ ȚȘȐ ȔȖȏȖȓȐșȚȣȝ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ — ȉȍȓȈȧ ȚȍȔȕȈȧ Ȑ Ȏȍȓ-
ȚȈȧ — șȔȣȒȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȌȘțȎȕȖȔ ȊȍȟȕȖȔ ȗȖȎȈȚȐȐ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȖȉȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȔȐȚȐȕȋ ǶȉȘȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȔȣșȓȐ ǹȐȕȋȈ ǰ
ȏȌȍșȤ Ȏȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ țȔȍșȚȕȣȔ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȚȤ șȈȔ ȘȖȔȈȕ
ǭȋȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȍȕȐȍ — ȏȈȊȚȘȈȠȕȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ Ȋ șȚȘȈ-
ȕȈȝ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ
Ǭ ǺțȔȈȕȕȣȑ
DzȖȕȍȞ

ǷȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ

118
Dz ǩțȓȣȟȍȊ
ǰȏ ȒȕȐȋȐ
©DzǨDz ǹǺǨǺȄ ǼǨǵǺǨǹǺǶǴª
ǴȖȑ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȠȈȋ Ȓ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȍ ȧ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȗȖș-
ȓȍ ȊȖȑȕȣ Ǵȣ ȎȐȓȐ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ ȌȈȟȍ Ȋ ǹȖȒȖȓȖȊȒȍ ȗȖ ȇȘȖș-
ȓȈȊșȒȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ
ǬȈȟȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ șȚȈȘȈȧ șȍȘȈȧ șȒȘȐȗțȟȈȧ <…>
ǯȈȚȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ȚȖ ȓȍȚȖ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ Ȑ
ȊȓȦȉȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖȞȍșș ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤșȒȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ
ǷȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȎȐȓ ȕȈ șȖșȍȌȕȍȑ ȌȈȟȍ ȧ ȌȘțȎȐȓ ș ȍȋȖ șȣȕȖȔ
ǷȐșȈȚȍȓȧ ȏȊȈȓȐ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ǷȈȕȖȊ Ƕȕ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ȒȕȐȋț «ǩȖȞ-
ȔȈȕ ș “ǺțȔȈȕȈ”» Ȗ ǹȍȊȍȘȕȖȔ ȜȓȖȚȍ ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȊȖȑȕȣ ǹȣȕ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ ȗȖȌ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ șȍȒȘȍȚȖȔ ȗȘȐȕȍș Ȕȕȍ
ȗȓȖȌȣ ȗȈȗȐȕȖȑ șȖȔȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȐ ǶȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ
ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ǷȈȕȖȊ Ȋ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȣȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȉȣȓ ȓȍȊȣȔ ȗȖȥȚȖȔ ǬȐȘȖȔ
ǺțȔȈȕȕȣȔ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȧ ȕȖ Ȍȓȧ
Ȕȍȕȧ șȈȔȖȍ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȝ — ȚȖȕȒȐȍ Ȋȣ-
ȗțșȒȐ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȚȈȒȐȍ Ȏȍ — ȠȈȋȐȕȧȕȖȊșȒȖȋȖ «Ǵȍșș-
ǴȍȕȌ»
 ȘȖȔȈȕȈ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȑ ș ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȍȕȐȍȔ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȟțȌȖ
ǪȣȗțșȒȐ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȐșȤ «ǬȍȚȐ ǮȍȓȚȖȋȖ ȌȘȈȒȖȕȈ» Ȑ ȘȍȟȤ Ȋ
ȕȐȝ ȠȓȈ Ȗ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧȝ ȕȈ ȜȖȕȍ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ȒȐ-
ȚȈȑșȒȐȝ ȚȘȐȈȌ ǹȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȦ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȧ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ
ǬȐȘȈ ǺțȔȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȈȔ ǷȈȕȖȊ Ƞȍȓ ș ȕȈȔȐ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȠ-
ȒȈȔȐ ȋțȓȧȚȤ Ȋ ȓȍș Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȔȐȘȕȣȔ
Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ șȒțȟȕȖȊȈȚȣȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȏȈȉȣȊȠȐȔ Ȗ ȌȍȚȧȝ ǮȍȓȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȌȘȈȒȖȕȈ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȓșȧ ȗȘȐșȈȎȐȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈ
ȗȍȕȤ ȌȖșȚȈȊȈȓ ȏȈȗȐșȕțȦ ȒȕȐȎȒț Ȑ ȏȈȕȖșȐȓ Ȋ ȕȍȍ ȔȣșȓȐ
ǹȣȕ ǷȈȕȖȊȈ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ țȝȖȌȐȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐ-
ȔȈȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ǩȖȋ ȌȈȓ ȍȔț Ȋ ȗȈȗȣ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ Ȉ
Ȗȕ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȒȈȒ Ȓ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț
ȇ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȈȏȣȊȈȦșȤ ȖȚ ȔȍȟȚȣ ȏȈȊȍșȚȐ ȏȈȗȐșȕțȦ
ȒȕȐȎȒț

ǶȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȔȐșȚȐȒȈ șȐȚțȈȞȐȐ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ
ǬȐȘ ǺțȔȈȕȕȣȑ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓ șȈȔȣȑ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ
ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȘȖȔȈȕ «ǪșȈȌȕȐȒȐ ȊȍȚȘȈ» — Ȗ ȔȍȎȗȓȈȕȍȚ-
ȕȖȔ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȐ
ǺȖ ȍșȚȤ ȧ ȋțȓȧȓ ȗȖ ȓȍșț Ȑ șȖȉȐȘȈȓ ȖȗȧȚȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ș ȗȐ-
șȈȚȍȓȍȔ Ȉ șȈȔȣȔ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȔ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȖȔ
ǩȖȓȍȍ ȚȖȋȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȗșȍȊȌȖȕȐȔ — ȐȔȧ Ȑȏ ȚȘȍȝ ȉțȒȊ
ǬǰǸ
ǯȕȈȓ ȓȐ ȧ ȟȚȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȊȣȉȍȘț ȐȔȧ DzǰǸ"
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȖȊșȍȔ țȎ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȧ Ȋ ǭȒȈȚȍȘȐȕȉțȘȋȍ
ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒț ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȋȘȈȜȈ ǪȐȚȈȓȐȧ ǩțȋȘȖ-
ȊȈ ȧ ȕȈȚȖȓȒȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȒȕȐȎȍȟȒț — ȗȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȓ «ǶȋȖȕȤȒț»
ȏȈ  ȋȖȌ
ǵȈȏȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ ȚȈȒ «ǹȚȐȝȐ Ȑ ȕȖȊȍȓȓȣ» ǵȐȒȖȓȈȧ ǷȈ-
ȕȖȊȈ
ǰ ȓȐȞȖ ȕȈ ȖȉȓȖȎȒȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȍ Ȋ ȖȟȒȈȝ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ
ȔȖȓȖȌȖȍ
ǹȈȔȐ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȎȌȈȚȤ ȖȚ ȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ȗȖȥȚȈ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț
ǵȖ șȘȍȌȐ ȖȗțșȖȊ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȉțȌțȡȍȑ ȊȖȑȕȍ Ȑ ȚȖȊȈ-
ȘȐȡț ǹȚȈȓȐȕț ȍșȚȤ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȐȔȍȕȖȊȈȓȐ
ȕȖȊȍȓȓȖȑ șȖșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȐ ȒȕȐȎȍȟȒȐ
 «Ǫ ȉțȌțȡȍȑ ǴȖșȒȊȍ».
ȅȚȖ ȖȗȚȐȔȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ șȖȞȐȈȓȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ țȚȖȗȐȟȍșȒȈȧ
ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȈ ǵȖ ȉȓȐȎȕȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȞȍȓȈ  ǵȍ șȉȣȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ǹȉȐȊ-
ȠȍȋȖșȧ
DzȈȒ ȅȓȤȉȘțș
ǰȏ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȈ șȚȈȓȐ Ȑ șȊȍȚȈ
DzȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȊȏȔȍȚȕțȊȠȐȑșȧ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȒȖșȚȍȘ
ǴȖșȒȖȊșȒȈȧ ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȤ — ǬȊȖȘȍȞ ǹȖȊȍȚȖȊ
ǵȈȌ ȏȌȈȕȤȧȔȐ ȘțȒț ȊȖȎȌȧ ȗȘȖșȚȍȘ
ǽȖȟȍȚșȧ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȕț ȒȘȈȚȒțȦ ȞȐȚȈȚț
ǪȟȍȘȈ ȕȈ ȏȈȊȖȌȍ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȗȘȍȔȐȦ ȌȈȓȐ
Ǭȓȧ ȚȍȓȍȊȐȌȍȕȤȧ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ
ȇ ȌȖȓȋȖ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȖȕșȚȘțȒȞȐȐ ȋȘȍȏȐȓ

120
Ǽǯ ǮǰȀǼǾdz
ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȍȊȐȟ ǷȈȕȖȊ ȉțȌțȡȐȑ ©ǬȐȘ ǺțȔȈȕȕȣȑª ȘȖȌȐȓ-
șȧ Ȋ  ȋ Ȋ DzȖȏȍȓȤșȒȍ Ȋ șȍȔȤȍ ȗȖȌȈȚȕȖȋȖ ȐȕșȗȍȒȚȖȘȈ. ǶȒȖȕȟȐȓ
ǴȖșȒȖȊșȒȐȑ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚȐȒȐ 
 ȜȈȒțȓȤȚȍȚ ȗȘȈȊȈ Ǵǫǻ
(1928).
ǬȍȉȦȚȐȘȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȍ Ȋ - ȓȍȚ Ȋ - ȋȋ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȈȓ
ȋȘțȗȗț ȗȘȍȏȈȕȚȐșȚȖȊ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ ȊȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ dzȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȣȑ ȞȍȕȚȘ ȒȖȕșȚ-
ȘțȒȚȐȊȐșȚȖȊ Ǫ -ȝ ȋȋ ȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓșȧ ȗȖȌ ȗșȍȊȌȖȕȐȔȖȔ ©ǬȐȘ Ǻț-
ȔȈȕȕȣȑª
ǷȍȘȊȖȑ ȒȕȐȋȖȑ ǷȈȕȖȊȈ șȚȈȓ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȧȘȒȐȑ ȕȖ ȕȍȏȘȍȓȣȑ Ȑ ȖȚȔȍ-
ȟȍȕȕȣȑ șȈȔȣȔȐ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȧȔȐ șȉȖȘȕȐȒ ©ǴȖșȒȖȊș-
ȒȈȧ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȈª 
 ǯȈ ȕȐȔ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȐ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȐ ©ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ
ȏȍȓȍȕȖȔ ȠȈȘȜȍª 
 Ȑ ©ǪȘȈȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȚȍȕȐª 

ǷȈȘȈȓȓȍȓȤȕȖ ǷȈȕȖȊ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȘȖȏȍ ȍȋȖ ȕȐȠȍȑ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȏȈȐȒȈ
șȚȈȕȖȊȧȚșȧ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ©ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧª Ȋ ȚȘȈ-
ȌȐȞȐȐ ©ȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ǷȐȕȒȍȘȚȖȕȈª Ƕȕ ȗțȉȓȐȒțȍȚ ȘȖȔȈȕȣ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍ-
ȕȐȑ ©ǬȍȚȐ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈª 
 Ȑ ©ǺȈȑȕȈ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈª 

ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȘȖȔȈȕ ©ǪșȈȌȕȐȒȐ ȊȍȚȘȈ ǬȊȖȑȕȐȒȐ
ª 
 ȗȖȊȍ-
șȚȐ ©ǨȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȍ ȜȈȠȐșȚȣª 4
 Ȑ ©ǿȍȘȕȖȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȖª 

ǷȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ǷȈȕȖȊȈ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓȐșȤ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȗȘȈȊȖȊȍȘȕȖșȚȤȦ
DzȈȒ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈ Ȋ  ȋ ©dzȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȈȧ ȥȕȞȐȒȓȖȗȍȌȐȧª ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ
©ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȍȚ ȗȖȌȗȖȓȤȕțȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȘțșșȒȐȝ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȊȐȒȖȊ ³ǺȈȑȕȈ
șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ”
 ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȒȖȔȗȈȘȚȐȑ ȒȘȍȗȕț-

ȡȐȝ Ȋ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ ș ȐȔȗȍȘȐȈȓȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȘȍȈȒȞȐȍȑ ȘȖșȚ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ Ȋ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȍ DzȐȚȈȍ “ǬȍȚȐ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȌȘȈȒȖȕȈ” Ȑ ȌȘ

ȘȈȏȖȉȓȈȟȈȍȚ ȗȘȖȐșȒȐ ȒȓȈșșȖȊȖȋȖ ȊȘȈȋȈ ȕȈ șȖȊȍȚșȒȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȧȚȐȧȝ
³ǿȍȘȕȖȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ” )».
ǶȗȣȚȣ Ȋ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȍ ǷȈȕȖȊ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȓ Ȋ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȍ ©ȆȉȐȓȍȑ ȌȖȒ-
ȚȖȘȈ ǼȘȈȑșȈª 
 Ȑ Ȋ ȘȧȌȍ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȑ Ȗ ©ȉțȌțȡȍȑ ǴȖșȒȊȍª
(©Ǫ ȉțȌțȡȍȑ ǴȖșȒȊȍª ©ǷțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊțª -
 Ǫ ȚȘȐȌ-
ȞȈȚȣȝ ȋȖȌȈȝ ȉȣȓȐ ȐȏȌȈȕȣ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȕȣȍ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȐ ©ǵȖȟȤ ȊȓȦȉ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȝ ǷȖȥȔȣª 
 ©ǵȖȊȍȓȓȣª 
 ©ǹȚȐȝȐ Ȑ ȕȖȊȍȓȓȣª 
,
ȗȖȥȔȈ ©DzȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ ȚȈȕȒȈª 
 ©ǰȏȉȘȈȕȕȖȍ ǹȚȐȝȐ ȕȖȊȍȓȓȣ ȗȖȥȔȣ»
(1940).
Ǫ - ȋȋ ǷȈȕȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȔ ȒȖȘȘȍșȗȖȕȌȍȕȚȖȔ ȊȖȏȋȓȈȊȓȧȓ
ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȣȑ ȖȚȌȍȓ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ǹȍȊȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȜȓȖȚȈ ©DzȘȈșȕȖȜȓȖȚȍȞª țȟȈ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ȉȖȍȊȣȝ ȗȖȝȖȌȈȝ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȑ ǹȍȊȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȜȓȖȚȈ
ǹ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ǷȈȕȖȊ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓ Ȋ ȖșȕȖȊȕȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ-ȔȈȘȐȕȐșȚ Ȑ
ȈȊȚȖȘ ȒȕȐȋ Ȗ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ ȔȖȘȧȒȈȝ ǶȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓ ȒȕȐȋȐ ©ǩȖȞȔȈȕ ș “Ǻț-
ȔȈȕȈ´ 
 ©ǹȚȘȈșȚȕȖȍ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍª 
 ©DzȖȓȖȒȖȓȈ ȋȘȖȔȒȖȋȖ
ȉȖȧª 
 ©Ǫ ȖȒȍȈȕȍª 
 ©ǷȖȊȍșȚȤ Ȗ ȌȊțȝ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧȝª 

©ǶȘȓȣ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ dzȦȌȖȊȈª 
 ȌȊȈ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȈ ȐȏȉȘȈȕȕȣȝ șȚȐȝȖȚ-
ȊȖȘȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȗȖȥȔ  
 Ȑ ȌȘ
ǹȒȖȕȟȈȓșȧ Ȋ  ȋ
_____
ǸȖȔȈȕ ©ǬȍȚȐ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ» ȗțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȐȏȌȈȕȐȦ Ǵ,
©ǸȈȉȖȟȈȧ ǴȖșȒȊȈª 
 ș ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȘȧȌȈ țșȚȈȘȍȊȠȐȝ ȖșȖȉȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȍȑ ȖȘȜȖȋȘȈȜȐȐ Ȑ ȗțȕȒȚțȈȞȐȐ țȕȐȜȐȞȐȘȖȊȈȕȖ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ȕȍ-
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȐȔȍȕ Ȑ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȑ Ǫ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ Ȓ ȒȕȐȋȍ – ȖȚȘȣȊȖȒ Ȑȏ Ȕȍ-
ȔțȈȘȕȖȑ ȒȕȐȋȐ Dz ǩțȓȣȟȍȊȈ ǰ Ǫ ǴȖȎȍȑȒȖ -
 ©DzȈȒ șȚȈȚȤ
ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȖȔª 


ǶȋȓȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ
ǬǭǺǰ ǿǭǸǵǶǫǶ ǬǸǨDzǶǵǨ
ǺȘțȡȖȉȣ ǷȍȒȐȕȈ
8
ǵȍȊȍșȚȈ ȎȐȊȖȋȖ ǩțȌȌȣ
30
Ǫ ȋȖȘȈȝ ǺȐȉȍȚȈ
50
DzȖȋȚȐ ȌȊțȕȖȋȐȝ ȚȐȋȘȖȊ
74
ǹȓȍȗȖȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ
94
ǷȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ
Dz ǩțȓȣȟȍȊ ǰȏ ȒȕȐȋȐ ©DzȈȒ șȚȈȚȤ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȖȔª
118
Ƕȉ ȈȊȚȖȘȍ
120
2