ǬȐȘ
ǺǻǴǨǵǵȃDZ
ǿǭǸǵǶǭ
ǯǶdzǶǺǶ
ǷȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȟȍșȒȐȍ
ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ
ǹȖȊȍȚșȒȈȧ ȈȊȈȕȚȦȘȕȖ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ
ȗȘȖȏȈ -ȝ ȋȋ ǺȖȔ XXIII
Salamandra P.V.V.

ǺțȔȈȕȕȣȑ ǬȐȘ ǷȈȕȖȊ ǵ ǵ
ǿȍȘȕȖȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ ǷȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ ǹȖȊȍȚșȒȈȧ
ȈȊȈȕȚȦȘȕȖ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȗȘȖȏȈ -ȝ ȋȋ Ǻ XXIII). – ǩȔ:
Salamandra P.V.V., 2017. – 128 ș Ȑȓȓ – (Polaris ǷțȚȍȠȍșȚ-
ȊȐȧ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȈ Ǫȣȗ ǹǹǽXXI).
Ǫ ȒȕȐȋț ȗȖȥȚȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȏȈȐȒȈ ǬȐȘȈ ǺțȔȈȕȕȖȋȖ ǵ ǷȈȕȖȊȈ
 ȊȖȠȓȐ
ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȣȍ Ȋ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ -ȝ ȋȖȌȖȊ ȈȋȐȚȈȞȐȖȕȕȖ-ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȟȍ-
șȒȐȍ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ ©ǿȍȘȕȖȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȖª Ȑ ©ǨȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȍ ȜȈȠȐșȚȣª Ǫ ȒȕȐ-
ȋț ȚȈȒȎȍ ȊȒȓȦȟȍȕȈ ©ȗȖȥȔȈ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȑª ©ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȔ
ȠȈȘȜȍª
© Author, estate, 2017
© Salamandra P.V.V., ȗȖȌȋ ȚȍȒșȚȈ ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȍ, 2017

ǿǭǸǵǶǭ ǯǶdzǶǺǶ
ǷȖȊȍșȚȤ

ȅȎȟȠȪ ȝȓȞȐȎȭ
ȀǮǷǻǮ ȁǺdzǾȆdzDZǼ

8
 ǵȎȏȜȗȧȖȘ ǽȓȠȞ ǴȎȞȘȜȐ
ǯȈȉȖȑȡȐȒ ǷȍȚȘ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȗȘȖșȊȍȘȓȐȓ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȦȦ ȟȍȚȊȍȘ-
ȚțȦ ȌȣȘț Ȑ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓșȧ ȕȍ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȧ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȋȖ ȗȍȘ-
ȜȖȘȈȚȖȘȈ ǵȈȌ șȈȔȖȑ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȕȈȊȐș ȗȖȚȖȓȖȒ țȏȒȖȋȖ
ȏȈȉȖȧ ȗȖȌȗȐȘȈȍȔȣȑ ȌȊțȔȧ ȚȖȓșȚȣȔȐ ȒȘȐȊȣȔȐ ȉȘȍȊȕȈȔȐ
ǹ ȚȘȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȏȈȉȖȑ ȏȈȔȣȒȈȓȐ ȒȖȘȧȊȣȍ ȏȈȒȖȗȟȍȕȕȣȍ șȚȍ-
ȕȣ țȋȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȗȓȈșȚȈ ǿȍȚȊȍȘȚȖȑ șȚȍȕȣ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǪȔȍșȚȖ ȕȍȍ
ȏȈȉȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ țȏȒȖȍ ȔȕȖȋȖțȋȖȓȤȕȖȍ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ — ȊȣȝȖȌ
Ȋ ȖȚȒȈȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȠȚȘȍȒ ǰȏ ȚȤȔȣ șȓȈȉȖ ȗȖȉȓȍșȒȐȊȈȓ ȉȍȓȣȑ
ȔȍȚȈȓȓ ȘȍȓȤș ȌȖȘȖȋȐ Ȍȓȧ ȖȚȒȈȚȒȐ țȋȓȧ
ǸȈȉȖȟȐȑ ȏȈȉȐȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȗȈȚȘȖȕȣ ȚȘȖȕțȓ ǮȈȘȒȖȊȈ ȏȈ ȘțȒț.
ǯȈȘȧȌ ȉȣȓ ȋȖȚȖȊ ǺȈȡȈ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȣ ȖȉȈ ȊȣȗȖȓ-
ȏȓȐ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ Ȓ ȚȍȔȕȖȔț ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚț șȖȍȌȐȕȧȦȡȍȔț Ȋ șȍȉȍ
ȏȈȗȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȠȕțȘȣ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȖȔȈȠȐȕȈ
ǯȈȗȈȓȤȡȐȒ ȕȈȌȈȊȐȓ ȒȕȖȗȒț Ȑ ȠȚȘȍȒ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ ȖȚ ȒȖȘȖȚ-
ȒȖȋȖ ȋțȓȒȖȋȖ țȌȈȘȈ
ǷȖȔȖȋȈȧ ȖȚȒȈȚȟȐȒȈȔ ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȚȤ Ȋ ȊȈȋȖȕȍȚȒȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȍ-
șȧȚȒȖȊ ȗțȌȖȊ ȊȣȉȐȚȖȋȖ ȊȏȘȣȊȖȔ țȋȓȧ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ș ȕȍȖȌȖȉȘȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ ȔȍșȚȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȔȕȖȋȖȕȍȌȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ
ǺȘțȌ ȏȈȉȖȑȡȐȒȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ Ȍȓȧ ǮȈȘȒȖȊȈ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚ-
ȕȣȔ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕțȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ǻȎȍ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ țȏȒȐȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȍ
ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȣ ȠȈȝȚ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȒȖȘȍȕȈșȚțȦ ȜȐ-
ȋțȘȒț ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȠȈȋȈȦȡțȦ ȕȈ șȊȖȑ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȑ ȗȖȌȊȐȋ ǵȈ-
ȖȉȖȘȖȚ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȥȚȈ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȚȧȋȖȚȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȘȈ-
ȊȐȓȈșȤ ǮȈȘȒȖȊț ǵȍȌȈȘȖȔ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȕȍȍ Ȗȕ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ
ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȔȍșȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȍȔț ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȓȐ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȍȔȖȉȐȓȐȏȈ-
ȞȐȐǿȈșȚȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȟȐșȚȖ ȊȣȔȣȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȠȈȝȚȍȘșȒȖȔ ȉȈȒȍ Ȑ
ȗȖȖȉȍȌȈȊ Ȋ ȘȈȉȖȟȍȑ șȚȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȗȕ Ƞȍȓ Ȋ ȕȈȘȧȌȕȣȑ ȧȘȒȖ
ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȑ Ȓȓțȉ ȗȖșȚȘȖȍȕȕȣȑ șȘȍȌȐ ȠȈȝȚȍȘșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖșȍȓ-
ȒȈ Ƕȕ țșȈȎȐȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȔȧȋȒȖȍ ȒȘȍșȓȖ Ȋ ȟȐȚȈȓȤȕȍ Ȑ ȗȖȋȘț-
ȎȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȊȍȎȐȍ ȕȖȔȍȘȈ ȋȈȏȍȚ ǶȋȖ! ǵȖȊȣȑ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȣȑ ȌȖȋȖ-
ȊȖȘ ș ǨȔȍȘȐȒȖȑ ǷȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖ Ǵȣ ȊȈȔ ȗȖȒȈȎȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȓȍ-
ȚȈȘȐȈȚ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȚ șȊȖȍ ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȖ ǴȈȠȐȕȖșȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȑ ȏȈȊȖȌ «ǰȓȤȐȟ» ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓ  ȕȖȊȣȝ ȚȘȈȒȚȖȘȖȊ Ȓ ȊȖșȤȔȖȑ

9
ȋȖȌȖȊȡȐȕȍ ǶȒȚȧȉȘȤșȒȖȑ ǸȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ ǷȈȘȖȊȖȏ șȖȊȍȚșȒȖȋȖ
ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌșȚȊȈ Ȋȏȧȓ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȗȘȐȏ ȕȈ ǴȍȎȌțȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȑ Ȋȣș-
ȚȈȊȒȍ ǴȈȕțȜȈȒȚțȘȕȈȧ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȈ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȟȐȚȈȓ
Ȋșȍ ȕȖȊȣȍ Ȑ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȒȐ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ Ȑ ȕțȎȕȖȑ ȍȔț
ȋȈȏȍȚȍ Ƕȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ șȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȍȔ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ƕȕ ȏȈ-
ȒȘȣȊȈȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȟȍȚȒȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦȡȐȍ ȜȈȉȘȐ-
ȒȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȏȣ ȊȓȍȒțȡȐȍ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȞȍȗȐ ȊȈȋȖȕȖȊ ȧȘ-
ȒȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȍ țȓȐȞȣ ȉțȘȕȖ ȎȐȊțȡȐȝ Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦȡȐȝ ȋȖȘȖ-
ȌȖȊǿȚȖ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȐ ȗȖȍȏȌȈ Ȑ ȚȘȈȒȚȖȘȣ ȥȚȐ
ȏȈȊȖȌȣ ȖșȊȍȡȈȍȚ ȥȚȐ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ" — ǻȋȖȓȤ Ǩ ȒȚȖ ȌȖȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȥȚȖȚ
țȋȖȓȤ" — ǬȍșȧȚȒȐ Țȣșȧȟ ǮȈȘȒȖȊȣȝ șȒȘȖȔȕȣȝ Ȑ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚ-
ȕȣȝ șȐȓȤȕȣȝ Ȑ țȗȖȘȕȣȝ
ǵȍȚ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȊȈȎȕȖșȚȤ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȧȍȔȖȋȖ ȐȔ ȌȍȓȈ.
Ƕȕ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ
ǵȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖșȖȉȖȔ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ǸȈȏȘȈȉȖȚȒȈ «ȆȎȕȖȍ» ȒȘȈȑȕȐȑ țȟȈșȚȖȒ țȋȖȓȤȕȣȝ
ȗȓȈșȚȖȊ ȗȖȌȔȖșȒȖȊȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȑȖȕȈ ȚȈ șȈȔȈȧ ȘȈȏȘȈȉȖȚȒȈ Ȋ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȑ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ șȍȑȟȈș ȕȍ ȋȖȌȐȓȈșȤ ȕȐ Ȓ ȟȍȘȚț ǿȚȖ
Ȑȏ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ țȋȖȓȤȕȣȍ ȕȈșȓȖȍȕȐȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȔȖȡȕȣ
ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ șȈȔȣȑ-ȚȖ țȋȖȓȤ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȐȏȒȖȋȖ ȒȈȟȍ-
șȚȊȈ ȅȚȖ ȌȘȧȉȓȣȍ ȒțșȒȐ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȗȕțȓ ȕȖȋȖȑ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȐȑ
ȖșȒȖȓȖȒ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȒȈȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ș ȗȖȓȠȈȋȈ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȒțșȒȖȊ
ǬȈȊȕȖ ȗȖȘȈ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȈȚȤșȧ ș ȥȚȖȑ ȠȈȝȚȖȑ ǵȈȠȓȈșȤ Ȏȍ ȒȖȔ-
ȗȈȕȐȧ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȊȏȧȚȤ țȟȈșȚȖȒ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍșșȐȦ
ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ țȎȍ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȔȍșȧȞ ȎȐȊțȚ ȏȌȍșȤ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȌȈȎȍ
ȗȘȐ Ȋșȍȑ ȔȈȓȖȌȖȝȖȌȕȖșȚȐ ȠȈȝȚ — ȌȊțȝ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȑ ȘȈȏȘȈȉȈȚȣȊȈȍȔȖȑ — ȖȕȐ ȌȈȦȚ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȖȚ-
ȒțȗȕțȦ Ȟȍȕț ǵȈȠ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ ȎȌȍȚ Ǩ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȧ ș ȘȈȉȖ-
ȟȐȔȐ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȦȚșȧ ǵȍȚ ǶȉȡȍȔț șȖȉȘȈȕȐȦ ȠȈȝȚȍȘȖȊ ȌȈȊ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȘȈ ȊȣȕȍșȚȐ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȊȖȗȘȖșț
ǷȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȧ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȠȈȝȚȍȘ țșȗȍȓ țȒȘȍȗȐȚȤ ȗȖȌȗȖȘȒȈȔȐ
ȊȣȌȖȓȉȓȍȕȕțȦ ȟȈșȚȤ ȏȈȉȖȧ ǹȚțȒ ȒȖȓȍș țȍȏȎȈȦȡȐȝ Țȍȓȍ-
ȎȍȒ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȖȓȒ ȊȌȈȓȐ Ȉ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȘȐșȚȈȊȐȊ ȐȕșȚ-
ȘțȔȍȕȚ Ȓ ȋȓțȝȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ șȚȍȕȣ Ȑ ȖȚȉȘȖșȐȊ Ȋșȍ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȑ ȖȗȈ-
șȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȊȍȓ ȕȖȊțȦ țȗȖȘȕțȦ ȉȖȘȤȉț ș ȕȈȊȐșȠȐȔȐ ȋȖȚȖȊȣ-

10
ȔȐ ȍȎȍȔȐȕțȚȕȖ ȖȉȘțȠȐȚȤșȧ șȊȖȌȈȔȐ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȖȘȐȟȕȍȊȖȑ ȗȍ-
ȡȍȘȣ
2. ǸȎȠȎȟȠȞȜȢȎ
— Ǩ Ȉ ȗȖȔȖȋȐȚȍ Ȉ
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ șȘȈȏț ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȘ
ǬȈ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒ ǪȏȘȣȊ șȗȘȈȊȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȍȔț ȖȟȍȕȤ șȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȣȔ
ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǮȈȘȒȖȊȈ ȗȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ ȚȖȎȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȋțȓ.
ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ ǴȈȓȖ ȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȅȚȖȚ Șȣȝȓȣȑ
țȋȖȓȤ ȖȉȊȈȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ ǪȖȚ
— ǷȖȔȖȋȐȚȍ ǷȖ-Ȗ...
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȖȚȠȊȣȘȕțȓ ș ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȒțșȖȒ țȋȓȧ șȖȘȊȈȓ șȖ șȚȍȕȣ
ȓȈȔȗȖȟȒț Ȑ șȖȋȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȖȗȖȓȈȔ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȣșȒȖȓȤȏ-
ȕțȓ Ȋ ȔȖȒȘțȦ Ȕȋȓț ȖȚȒȈȚȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȠȚȘȍȒȈ
ǵȐȏȒȐȑ ȗȘȖȝȖȌ țȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȕȣȑ șȖȍȌȐȕȧȦȡȐȔȐșȧ ȕȈȊȍȘȝț
ȚȖȓșȚȣȔȐ ȉȈȓȒȈȔȐ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓșȧ șȓȈȉȣȔ ȉȓȍșȒȖȔ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ
ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȓȈȔȗȖȟȒȐ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȦȡȍȑ șȉȖȒț ǪȣșȖȒȈȧ șȍȚ-
ȟȈȚȈȧ ȓȈȔȗȈ ǮȈȘȒȖȊȈ ȖȉȓȍȗȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȣȓȤȦ Ȑ ȒȖȗȖȚȤȦ ȘȊȈ-
ȕțȓȈșȤ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȑ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȏȈȒȈȟȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖȌ țȌȈȘȈȔȐ ȖșȚȘȖȋȖ șȒȊȖȏ-
ȕȧȒȈ ǸȈȏȋȖȘȧȟȍȕȕȖȍ Ȋ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ ȌȘȖȎȤȦ ǮȈȘ-
ȒȖȊ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȊȗȘȈȊȖ
DzȘȐȒ Ȗ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ — ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȈȧ ȊȍȡȤ ȗȖȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ DzȈȎȌȣȑ
ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȕțȎȕȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȋ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț ǹȗȘȈȊȈ ȖȚ ȉȍȋțȡȍȋȖ
Ȑȏ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȌȣȘȣ ȉȖȒȖȊȖȋȖ ȏȈȉȖȧ ȊȣȕȣȘȕțȓȈ șȔțȚȕȈȧ ȚȍȕȤ
ș ȓȈȔȗȖȟȒȖȑ ț ȗȖȧșȈ Ȑ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȕȐȔ ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ țȎȍ
ȔȍȘȞȈȓȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȘȈșȕȣȝ Ȗȋȕȍȑ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȌȖȉȍȎȈȓ
ǪȔȍșȚȖ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȊȕȖȋȖ ȎȍȘȓȈ ȏȈȉȖȧ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ ȗȖȒȈ-
ȚȖ șȗțșȒȈȓȈșȤ ȋȖȘȈ ȉțȘȣȝ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȖȊ ǩȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȒțșȒȐ ȖșȚȘȖ-
ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȋȖ țȋȓȧ ȟȍȚȒȖ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓȐ ȕȈȌ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȔȐ ȘȍȓȤșȈ-
ȔȐ ǰ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȥȚȖȑ ȋȖȘȣ șȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȚȐȝȐȑ ȝȘȐȗ Ȑ șȚȖȕȣ ȘȈȏ-
ȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ

11
ǵȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ Ȑ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȕȍȘȖȊȕȈȧ Ȑ
ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȈȧ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȈ șȚȘȖȋȖ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ ǷȍȘ-
Ȋȣȍ ȗȓȈșȚȣ ȘȈȏȋȘȍȉȓȐ ȒȐȘȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȓȖȗȈȚȈȔȐ ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȋ ȌȍȓȖ
ȊșȚțȗȐȓȐ ȘțȒȐ ǶȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ ȗȍȡȍȘȣ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗțșȚȍȓȖ Ȗȉ-
ȕȈȎȈȧ șȊȖȦ ȟȍȘȕțȦ ȒȘȖȊȖȎȈȌȕțȦ ȗȈșȚȤ
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȕȈȋȕțȊȠȐȑșȧ ȕȈȌ ȚȈȦȡȍȑ ȋȘțȌȖȑ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ
ǭȋȖ ȘțȒȈ ȕȈȚȒȕțȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȚȍȗȓȖȍ Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȘȈȉȖ-
Țț ǶȌȕȖ șȓȖȊȖ — Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȗȧȚȍȘȖ șȗȈșȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȖȚȘȣȊȈȚȤ
ȕȈȑȌȍȕȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ
Ǫ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȍȔ ȗȘȣȋȈȦȡȍȔ șȊȍȚȍ ȓȈȔȗȖȟȍȒ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȉȍ-
ȓȍȓȈ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȈȧ șȗȐȕȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ș ȓȖȝȔȖȚȤȧȔȐ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȘțȉȈȝȐ ȗȖ ȉȖȒȈȔ ǰȏ-ȗȖȌ ȖȚȋȘȍȉȈȍȔȖȋȖ șȖȘȈ ȉȓȍșȕțȓȈ
ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ țșȗȍȊȠȈȧ ȗȘȖșȖȝȕțȚȤ ȖȚ ȗȖȚȈ Ƞȍȧ ǪȣșȊȖȉȖ-
ȌȐȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȊȍșȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȉȣȓ ȘȈȏȖȔ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȚ Ȑ
ȕȈ ȘțȒȈȝ Ȋȣȕȍșȍȕ Ȋ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȏȕȈȓ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȚȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȓȍȎȈȓ ț ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋ
ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȑ Ȑ țȔȐȘȈȦȡȐȑ ǷȘȖȒȓȧȚȈȧ ȠȈȝȚȈ ȅȚȖȚ ȟȍȓ-
ȖȊȍȒ ȎȐȓ ș ȕȐȔ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ ǿȚȖ Ȑȏ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ
ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȌȘțȎȕȣ" ǰȏ ȌȖȓȋȖȊȧȏȖȋȖ ǩȈȉȐȕȈ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȉȣȓȖ
ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȟȈșȈȔȐ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȚȤ șȓȖȊȖ ǿȈșȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȈȌȖȓȋȖ țȝȖȌȐȓ,
ȔȘȈȟȕȣȑ Ȑ ȏȈȔȒȕțȚȣȑ, ȕȈ ȒȘȈȑ șȍȓȈ Ȓ ȓȈȊȖȟȕȐȞȍ ǴȈȘȤȍ
ǼȐȓȐȕȖȑ ǵț ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ" ǻ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ șȊȖȐ ȊȒțșȣ ǵȖ
ȊȍȌȤ Ȗȕ — ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȗȘȖȎȐȓ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ
ǷȘȖȒȓȧȚȈȧ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȕȈȧ ȠȈȝȚȈ
ǫȘȖȝȖȟȈ ȗȖ ȘȍȓȤșȈȔ Ȓ ȏȈȉȖȦ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȎȈȓȈ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȈȧ
ȊȈȋȖȕȍȚȒȈ ǺȍȓȖ ȉȍȘȍȎȕȖ țȓȖȎȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȌșȚȐȓȒț Ȑȏ ȌȊțȝ ȌȖ-
șȖȒ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȝ ȒțȘȚȒȈȔȐ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȐȝ ǺȍȓȍȎȒȈ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ
ȗȖȒȈȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȞȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȖȌȢȍȔȕȖȑ ȒȓȍȚȐ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ șȍȓ
șȉȖȒț ȉȍȘȍȎȕȖ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȧ ȘȈȏȉȐȚțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ
3. ǵȎȝȜȚțȖ Ȗ ȝȓȞȓȒȎȗ
ǭȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈ ǮȈȘȒȖȊȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ șȖȎȐȚȍȓȧ ȐȔȍȓȈ Ȋ
ȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ ǿțȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȓ-ȗȖșȍȓȒȈ

12
ȗȍȘȍȉȣȊȈȓȖ ȏȈ ȌȍȕȤ ț ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȀȈȝȚȍȘȣ ȊȝȖ-
ȌȐȓȐ ȕȍțȒȓȦȎȍ ȚȖȗȚȈȓȐșȤ ț ȗȖȘȖȋȈ ȚȐșȒȈȓȐ Ȑ ȚȘȍȗȈȓȐ Ȋ Șț-
ȒȈȝ șȊȖȐ șȚȈȘȣȍ ȐȏȔȧȚȣȍ ȒȍȗȒȐ Ȑ ȖȉȔȍȕȐȊȈȓȐșȤ șȖȟțȊșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ș ǮȈȘȒȖȊȣȔ șȐȌȍȊȠȐȔ ț ȐȏȋȖȓȖȊȤȧ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ.
ǹȈȔ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȖșȚȈȊȒȐ
ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȋ șȍȉȧ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȖȔ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟȕȖȔ ȗȖȓț-
ȉȘȍȌț ǹȚȈȘȈȧșȤ șȐȓȖȑ șȖșȒȖȟȐȚȤ ș ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ Ȗȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȉȖȘ-
ȔȖȚȈȓ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȉȍșșȊȧȏȕȣȍ ȜȘȈȏȣ ǿȈȡȍ ȊșȍȋȖ țȗȖȔȐȕȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȐȔȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ǴȈȠȐ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ǩȈȉȐȕ țȔȖȓȧȓ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ
Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ǫșȍ ȠȈȝȚȍȘȣ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȥȚț ǴȈȠț — ȍȡȍ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȔȖ-
ȓȖȌțȦ ȌȖȘȖȌȕțȦ ȝȖȏȧȑȒț ȔȍȓȖȟȕȖȑ ȓȈȊȖȟȒȐ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȗȖșȍȓ-
ȒȈ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ǩȈȉȐȕ ȉȣȊȈȓȖ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȟȈșȣ ȗȖșȓȍ
ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ǵȖ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ Ȓ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȔț ǴȈȠț ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȓ
ȓȈȊȖȟȕȐȞȍ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȈșȤ ȌȍȓȍȋȈȞȐȧ Ȑȏ ȚȘȍȝ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ȍȍ ȕȈ-
ȠȓȐ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȖ șȚȖȕțȡțȦ Ȑ ȌȘȖȎȈȡțȦ ȗȖȌ ȋȘțȏȖȔ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȖȌȍȧȓ ǻ ȕȍȍ ȉȣȓ ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȑ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȖȒ ȔȍșȚȕȖȑ
ȏȓȖȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȔȈȓȧȘȐȐ ǸȍȠȐȓȐ ȕȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȚȤ ȉȍȌȕțȦ
ȉȈȉț ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȔ Ȗ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ ǬȈ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȖȕȈ Ȑ ȗȖȕȧȓȈ ȉȣ Ȋ
ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
Dz ȊȍȟȍȘț Ȓ ǩȈȉȐȕț șȕȖȊȈ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ Ƕȕ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋȣ-
șȖȒȐȑ Ȑ ȝțȌȖȑ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȔ ȝȈȓȈȚȍ ȗȖȌ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȔ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ș ȖȚ-
ȊȐșȠȐȔȐ ȉȍȓȖȒțȘȣȔȐ țșȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȝțȌȖȔ șȎȈȚȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ ǷȖ ȒȖȔ-
ȕȈȚȍ ȘȈȏȓȐȓșȧ ȘȍȏȒȐȑ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȟȕȣȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ ǶȉȓȖȎȐȊȠȐșȤ
ȉȍȓȣȔȐ șȚȖȓȉȐȒȈȔȐ ȉȐȕȚȖȊ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȔȐ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȈȔȐ
Ȑ șȒȓȧȕȒȈȔȐ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȌȖȓȋȖ Ȕȧȓ Ȑ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȏȈȝȓȖȘȖȜȖȘ-
ȔȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ
— ǬȖȒȚȖȘ Ȗȕ ȊȣȎȐȊȍȚ"
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ șȔȍȕȐȓ șȊȖȦ ȏȈȒȖȗȚȍȓțȦ ȗȘȖȏȖȌȍȎȌț ȕȈ ȖȉȣȒ-
ȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȖșȚȦȔ Ȑ ȟȐșȚȖ ȖȚȔȣȓ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓȣȍ ȘțȒȐ
ǭȋȖ șȍȘȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȖȌ șȊȍȚȓȣȔȐ ȉȍȏȊȖȓȖșȣȔȐ ȉȘȖȊȧȔȐ ȊȖȗ-
ȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ țȋȘȦȔȖȋȖ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȊȠȍȋȖ
ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȦȦ ȗȍȘȍȊȧȏȒț Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȖȉȐȘȈȦȡȍȋȖ șȊȖȐ ȐȕșȚȘț-
ȔȍȕȚȣ ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ȕȈȚȧȕțȓ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ
— ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ț ȕȍȋȖ șȔȧȚȈ ȋȘțȌȕȈȧ ȒȓȍȚȒȈ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȓȖȔȓȍ-
ȕȣ Ȗȉȍ ȕȖȋȐ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȐ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȔ țȝȖȌȍ ǺȘțȌȕȖ
ȘȍȠȐȚȤ ǷȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȖȗȈșȕȖȍ ǷȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȑȚȍ ȗȖșȚțȗȈȚȤ ȚȈȒ
ȒȈȒ ȧ ȗȘȍȌȗȐșȈȓ

13
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȖȌȐȕ ț ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ȉȍșȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȖȊȈ-
ȘȐȡȈ
Ƕȕ ȚȐȝȖ ȗȘȐșȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȑ șȚțȓȈ Ȑ ȖȉȓȖȒȖȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ șȚȖȓ ǯȈ
ȖȒȕȖȔ șȍȘȍȓȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȈ Ȑ ȎȍȓȚȍȓ șȒȓȖȕ ȕȍȋȓțȉȖȒȖȋȖ ȋȓȐȕȐ-
șȚȖȋȖ ȖȊȘȈȋȈ ǯȈ ȖȊȘȈȋȖȔ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȐȌȕȣ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȍ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȕȈȌ-
ȠȈȝȚȕȣȝ ȗȖșȚȘȖȍȒ ȊȣȠȒȈ ȗȖȌȢȍȔȕȖȑ ȒȓȍȚȐ șȖȘȚȐȘȖȊȖȟ-
ȕȖȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȌȖȔ ȘțȌȕȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȤșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȒȖȕȚȖȘșȒȐȝ
șȓțȎȈȡȐȝ ǵȈȌ ȏȌȈȕȐȍȔ ȠȐȘȐȓȖșȤ ȟȍȘȕȖȍ ȖȉȓȈȒȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ-
ȋȖ ȜȈȉȘȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȌȣȔȈ ǬȈȓȤȠȍ ȏȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧȔȐ, ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓȈ ȗȓȖ-
șȒȈȧ ȒȘȣȠȈ ȌȖȔȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȑ ȌȍȓȍȋȈȞȐȐ ǬȍȓȍȋȈȞȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ
ȝȖȟȍȚ șȌȍȓȈȚȤșȧ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȤȞȍȔ Ȋșȍȝ ȥȚȐȝ ȠȈȝȚ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȘȖȍȒ
dzȍȋȒȐȑ ȠȖȘȖȝ șȏȈȌȐ ȊȣȊȍȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖșȚȐ Ǫșȧ ȒȖȔ-
ȕȈȚȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȈ ȘȣȎȐȔ ȚțȔȈȕȖȔ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȋțșȚȍȦȡȐȝ
șțȔȍȘȍȒ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ ȠȚȍȗșȍȓȤ Ȑ șțȔȘȈȒ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȔȍȚȕțȓ-
șȧ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȉȓȍșȒȖȔ ȠȍșȚȐȌȍșȧȚȐșȊȍȟȕȖȑ
ȓȈȔȗȣ
ǩȈȉȐȕ Ȗȟȕțȓșȧ Ƕȕ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȉȘȖșȐȓ șȍȉȧ șȚȍȋȈȕȖȍ ȧȘȒȖȍ
ȖȌȍȧȓȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȕȈ ȓȖȒȚȧȝ ǭȋȖ ȎȍȓȚȖȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȍ ȓȐ-
ȞȖ ș ȋȖȘȧȡȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȗȖȓțȏȈȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ șȊȍȎȐȔ ȉȐȕȚȖȔ
ȉȣȓȖ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȖ Ȓ ȖȒȕț ǮȈȘȒȖȊȈ țȌȐȊȐȓ ȚȐȝȐȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȗȖ-
ȒȖȑȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ
— ǶȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ"
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȖȚȘȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȧ țȔȐȘȈȦ DzȖȕȟȍȕȖ ǻȋȖȓȤ șȓȖȗȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ǵȍȚ,
ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ǪȘȍȔȧ ȕȍ ȎȌȍȚ ȇ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȇ
ȐȏȔȍȕȕȐȒ Ǵȍȕȧ ȗȘȍȓȤșȚȐȓȐ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ ȌȍȕȤȋȈȔȐ ǴȕȖȋȖ
Ȍȍȕȍȋ ǿȍȘȕȖȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ Ȋ ȖȉȔȍȕ ȕȈ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ
ǶȕȈ ȗȖȑȔȍȚ ǹȓțȠȈȑ
— ǪȈȕȧ țșȗȖȒȖȑșȧ dzȧȋ — ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȌțȔȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȍȚ ȉȘȍȌȐȚȤ ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ șȕȖȊȈ țȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ǩȈȉȐȕ Șȍȏ-
ȒȖ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȓșȧ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȍȘȕțȓȖșȤ ȖȚ ȖșȚȘȖȑ ȉȖȓȐ
Ƕȕ șȕȖȊȈ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȝȘȐȗȓȣȔ ȕȈȌȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȧ ȕȍ ȉȘȍȎț Ǻȣ ȏȈȗȖȔȕȐ ȟȚȖ ȧ Țȍȉȍ șȒȈȎț Ȑ
ȗȍȘȍȌȈȑ ȐȔ ǷȓȈȕ ț ȕȍȍ ț ǴȈȠȐ ǻșȓȖȊȐȍ ȚȖȎȍ ǶȕȈ ȖȚ-
ȌȈșȚ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȈ ǷȖȔȕȐȚȍ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȈ ǹȈȌȐșȤ
Ȏȍ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ
ǽȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȓȍȎȈȡȍȋȖ ȞȍȗȒȖ șȎȈȓȐ ȘțȒț ȗȘȐșȍȊ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȑ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ȇȘȒȖ-ȉȍȓȣȑ șȊȍȚ ȖȉȓȐȊȈȓ ȌȊȍ ȗȘȐȌȊȐ-

14
ȕțȊȠȐȍșȧ ȌȘțȋ Ȓ ȌȘțȋț ȜȐȋțȘȣ Ǩ ȕȈ ȖȉȈ ȖȒȕȈ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȕȈ-
ȊȈȓȐȓșȧ șȕȈȘțȎȐ ȉȍȏȋȓȈȏȣȑ șȍȘȣȑ ȔȘȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ
ȗȘȐȗȈșȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȉȓȐȎȍ — ȗȖȌșȓțȠȈȚȤ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȦȦ ȚȈȑȕț țȔȐ-
ȘȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
4. ǰȩȟȠȞȓș Ȗȕ ȚȞȎȘȎ
— Ǻȣ ȍȡȍ ȒȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȠȈȝȚȍȘ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȓȦȉȐȚȍȓȤ ȔȖȎȕȖ
șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ǩ ȧ ȊȍȌȤ ȏȌȍșȤ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȚȘțȉȓȦ ǷȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ-
ȓȍȚȕȐȔ ȗȈȘȕȍȔ ȕȈȟȈȓ ǴȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ țșȚȈȚȤ Ǻȣ ȥȚȖ ȏȈȗȖȔ-
ȕȐ ȍșȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȈȔ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȖȉȊȐȕȧȚȤ ȉțȌțȚ
ǺȖ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȉȣȓȖ ȓȍȚ ȠȍșȚȤ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ǹȔȍ-
ȒȈȍȠȤ" ǩȍȓȣȝ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȚȉȘȖșȐȓȐ ȀȈȝȚȣ ȕȈȠȐ ǵȈȋȕȈ-
ȓȐ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ǺțȚ Ȑ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ǸȈȏȘțȝȈ ȋȖȓȖȌ  % Ȋȣ-
ȘȈȉȖȚȒȐ Ǻȣ ȚȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȖȔȕȐȠȤ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ǵțȎȕȖ Țȍȉȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȚȤ Ȕȣ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȐ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ
țȋȖȓȤ ȕȖ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȊȐȌȍ ȟȚȖ ȓțȟȠȍ ȉȣ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȓțȟȈȚȤ ǷȖȌȢȍȔ-
ȕȣȍ ȒȓȍȚȐ ȊȏȖȘȊȈȕȣ ȠȈȝȚȣ ȏȈȓȐȚȣ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȖȊ ȕȍȚ
ǬȈ ȥȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ǩ ȊȖȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȏȘȣȊȟȈȚȣȑ
ȋȈȏ Ȋ ȠȈȝȚȈȝ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȌȍȓȖ șȚȈȓȖ
ǹ ȚȖȋȖ Ȑ ȒȈȟȈȓȖșȤ ǷȘȍȌȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȕȈșȖșȣ ȕȍ ȘȈȉȖ-
ȚȈȦȚ ȊȍȕȚȐȓȧȞȐȧ șȒȊȍȘȕȈȧ ǯȕȈȍȠȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȓȦȌȧȝ
Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȒȘȈșȕȈ ǵȖ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ȗȖȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȘȍȠȐ-
ȓȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ǹȘȖȟȕȖȍ ȏȈȌȈȕȐȍ — ȈȊȖșȤ ȒȈȒ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȣȗȖȓ-
ȕȐȔ
dzȈȌȕȖ ǸȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ ȌȍȕȤ ȌȊȈ ǷȖȓșȖȚȕȐ ȕȈș ȉȣȓȖ ǸțȒȖ-
ȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȤ — șȗȍȞ ȖȌȐȕ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘ ǴȐȘȞȍȊ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȐȌȐȔ ȕȈ
ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ țȎ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȋȖȓțȉȖȊȈȚȣ șȚȈȓȐ ȕȈȠȐ ȓȈȔȗȣ ǴȐȘ-
ȞȍȊ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ
ǷȖȔȕȦ ȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȈȔ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȥȚȖȚ ȋȖȓțȉȖ-
ȊȈȚȣȑ șȊȍȚ Ǻȣ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ — ȗȖȒȈ ȓȈȔȗȈ șȊȍȚȐȚșȧ ȒȘȈșȕȖ-Ȏȍȓ-
ȚȣȔ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȍȔ — Ȋșȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȑ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȊȓȍȏȍȚ ǵȈȟȕȍȚ ȊȣȚȧȋȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȌȈ ȋȖȓțȉȍȚȤ — ȌȍȓȖ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȏȕȈ-
ȟȐȚ ȋȈȏȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ǸȍȠȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘț ȏȈ șȖ-

15
ȊȍȚȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ ǸȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ Ȕȣ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȋ șȈȔȖȑ ȕȐȎȕȍȑ ȋȈȓȍ-
Șȍȍ ǷȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȏȈȗȈșȕȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ, — ȗȖȌȢȍȔȕȈȧ ȒȓȍȚȤ
ȕȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȈ dzȍșȚȕȐȞȈ ȚȍȔȕȈȧ șȒȖȓȤȏȒȈȧ ȊȐȕȚȖȔ ȐȌȍȚ dzȈȔ-
ȗȈ ȌȘȖȎȐȚ ȔȐȋȈȍȚ ȗțȚȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌȝȖȎț Ȓ
ȊȍȘȝȕȍȔț ȗȘȖȉȕȖȔț ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘț ȖȒȓȐȒȈȦȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ǹȔȖȚȘȦ — Ȋ
ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ǴȐȘȞȍȊ șȚȖȐȚ Ǫ ȘțȒȈȝ ȚȖȎȍ ȓȈȔȗȖȟȒȈ — șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ
ȚȈȒȖȑ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ «Ǫ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ — ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ"»
ȇ ȠȈȋȕțȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ
ǺțȚ-ȚȖ Ȑ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ șȈȔȖȍ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ Ǫșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȋȈȏȈ ȉȣȓȖ
ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȌȈȎȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ Ȕȣ ȌțȔȈȓȐ ǪȏȘȣȊ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒȖȑ
ȚȈȒȖȑ ȊȏȘȣȊ DzȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȋșȧ ȏȍȔȓȧ ȖȉȘțȠȐȓȈșȤ Ǵȍȕȧ ȊȘȖ-
Ȍȍ ȒȈȒ ȞȍȓȖȑ ȋȖȘȖȑ ȗȖ șȗȐȕȍ țȌȈȘȐȓȖ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ —
ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȊȍȚȘȖȔ ȖȚȠȊȣȘȕțȓȖ ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȠȈȋȖȊ
Ƕȟȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ǴȖȒȘȣȑ ȊȍșȤ ȘțȒȐ ȓȖȔȐȚ ȚȐȝȖ ǩȣ-
ȓȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ — ȟȐȘȒȕțȓ șȗȐȟȒț ǿȍȘȕȈȧ ȗȍȡȍȘȈ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȕ șȚȍȕȣ ǸȧȌȖȔ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ș ȏȍȔȓȐ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ ǴȐȘȞȍȊ
Ǻȣ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ Ȗ șȔȍȘȚȐ  ȠȈȝȚȍȘȖȊ"
ǪȏȘȣȊȖȔ Ȑȝ țȉȐȓȖ Ǩ ț șȈȔȖȋȖ ȊȣȝȖȌȈ ȕȈȠȓȐ -ȋȖ ȎȐȊȖȋȖ
ǸȧȌȖȔ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ȑ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȑ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȠȍșȚȤ Ȍȕȍȑ
ȊȍȌȤ ȕȈș ȖȚȒȖȗȈȓȐ Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȓțȠȈȑ șȈȔȖȍ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ
ǪȐȌȐȠȤ ȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘ ȖȒȓȐȒȕțȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȗȕ, ȒȖȕȍȟ-
ȕȖ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȅȚȖ țȎȍ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ
ȘȧȌȖȔ țȔȐȘȈȓȐ ȧ Ȋșȍ țȏȕȈȓ — ȚȖ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȘȈșșȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȤ ǴȐȘȞȍȊ
ǹțȝȖȑ ȚȘȍșȒ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȈ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȠȐȑ ȏȊȖȕ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȖȋȖ șȚȍȒȓȈ,
ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ ǮȈȘȒȖȊȈ ȘȈȏȖȔ ȊșȒȖȟȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ Ƕȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȝț-
ȌțȦ ȉȓȍȌȕțȦ ȘțȒț ș ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȔ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȔ ȌțȓȖȔ Ȋ ȒțȓȈȒȍ
ȐșȟȍȏȈȦȡțȦ Ȋ ȓțȟȐșȚȖȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȍ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȖȋȖ ȖȒȖȕȕȖȋȖ
șȚȍȒȓȈ ǷȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȉȣșȚȘȣȑ ȠȖȘȖȝ ȕȖȋ țȉȍȋȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒȈ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȓ ȖȒȕȖ Ǫ șȊȍȚȍ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȋȖ ȜȖȕȈȘȧ ȔȍȓȤȒ-
ȕțȓȈ șȍȘȈȧ ȊȣșȖȒȈȧ ȚȍȕȤ șȚȘȍȓȧȊȠȍȋȖ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ȓȍȎȈȓ Ȋ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȑ ȗȖȏȍ ȖȚȌȣȝȈȦ-
ȡȍȋȖ ȖȚȒȐȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȏȈȉȐȕȚȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȕȈ ȠȐȘȖȒțȦ ȗȖ-
ȌțȠȒț DzȖȋȌȈ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȧȘȒȖ-ȒȘȈș-
ȕȖȍ ȗȧȚȕȖ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȘȈșȗȓȣȊȈȦȡȍȍșȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȓȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȚȕȍ
ȕȖȟȕȖȑ ȘțȉȈȠȒȐ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ȉȣȓ ȔȍȘȚȊ

16
 ǸȠȜ ȡȏȖȗȤȎ"
ǰ șȈȔ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ Ȑ șȉȍȎȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȕȈ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓ șȖșȍȌȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȉȣȊȠȈȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȔȐ ȔȐȕțȚȈȔȐ ȗȖȏȎȍ ȔȐȓȐȞȐȧ ȕȍ șȓȐȠ-
ȒȖȔ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȔȖȋȓȐ ȘȈșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȦ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ țȉȐȑșȚ-
ȊȈ ǷȖșȓȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ ǮȈȘȒȖȊȈ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȖȌȕȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȏȈ-
șȚȈȊȐȚȤ ǩȈȉȐȕȈ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȚȤ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȍȋȖ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ ǵȖ ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȒȖȔț ȉȣȓȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖ șȓȍ-
ȌȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȉȍȌȕȣȔ țȔȐȘȈȦȡȐȔ ȠȈȝȚȍȘȖȔ" ǷȖȌ ȖȒȕȖȔ ȕȈȠȓȐ
șȓȍȌȣ ȌȊțȝ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ Ȑ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȚȘȍȗȈȕȕȣȝ
șȈȗȖȋ ǹȓȍȌȣ ȥȚȐ ȠȓȐ ȗȖ șȣȘȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ Ȑ ȐșȟȍȏȈȓȐ Ȋ ȋțșȚȖȑ
ȚȘȖȗȍ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ȓȍșț ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȑȏ
ȗȘȍȎȕȐȝ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ țȉȐȚȖȋȖ" Ǫșȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȏȈȊȐȌȖȊȈ-
ȓȐ ǩȈȉȐȕț ȏȈ ȍȋȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȉȓȐȏȒȖȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȖ șȖ șȔȈȏȓȐ-
ȊȖȑ ȓȈȊȖȟȕȐȞȍȑ ȎȐȊȠȍȑ ȏȈ ȖȒȖȓȐȞȍȑ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȗȖșȍȓȒȈ ǻ
țȉȐȚȖȋȖ ȟȈșȚȖ ȉȣȊȈȓȐ ȉțȘȕȣȍ șȚȖȓȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ șȖ ȔȕȖȋȐȔȐ Ȕȍ-
ȕȍȍ țȌȈȟȓȐȊȣȔȐ țȝȈȎȐȊȈȚȍȓȧȔȐ ǴȈȠȐ ǵȖ ȗȍȘȍȉȘȈȕȒȈ Ȑ
ȌȘȈȒȈ ȖȌȕȖ Ȉ țȉȐȑșȚȊȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ țȉȐȑșȚȊȖ țȔȐȘȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȥȚȖ
— șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ǩȣȓȖ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
Ȑȏ ȘȍȉȧȚ ȘȍȠȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȕȐȒȟȍȔȕȖȍ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ
ǵȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȍȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ țȗȖȘȕȖ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȓ ȊȏȊȖȓ-
ȕȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȟȐȊȣȑ Ȋ ȥȚț ȕȖȟȤ ǮȈȘ-
ȒȖȊǻ ǮȈȘȒȖȊȈ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȟȓȍȕȈ ǸDzǷ ȉȣȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȉȖ-
ȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȦȝ ȕȈ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ǻȎȍ ȊȖ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȥȚȖȚ ȕȦȝ ȗȖȔȖȋ ȍȔț șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ șȓț-
ȟȈȑȕȖ ȘȈșȗțȚȈȚȤ ȖȌȕȖ ȚȍȔȕȖȍ Ȑ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȖȘȋȈ-
ȕȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȥșȚȖȕșȒȐȝ ȠȗȐȖȕȖȊ ǭȋȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȠȈȝȚȍȘȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȚț-
ȗȐȓȈ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȦȝȈ Ƕȕ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȠȐȉȖȟȕȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȓ ȊȖ
Ȋșȍȝ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ șȖȉȣȚȐȧȝ ȘțȒț ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉȕțȦ ǹȖȊȍȚșȒȖȑ
ȊȓȈșȚȐ ǻ țȔȍȘȠȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȚȈȑȕȈ ǯȌȍșȤ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȔȍ-
ȠȈȕ șȗȍȞ-ȐȕȚȍȓȓȐȋȍȕȚ DzȈȒȈȧ ȚȈȑȕȈ" DzȚȖ ȔȖȋ ȝȖȚȍȚȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȥȚȈ ȚȈȑȕȈ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍȊȣȋȖȊȖȘȍȕȕȖȑ" ǿȚȖ ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ țȔȐȘȈȦ-
ȡȐȑ Ȗ ȏȖȓȖȚȍ Ȑ Ȗ ȉȖȋȈȚȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ" ǵțȎȕȖ ȘȈșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ
ȌȍȓȖ ǵȈ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ ȟȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȘȖ-

17
șȚȖ ȉȘȍȌȐȓ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ țȗȘȧȔȣȔ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȋȖȓȖ-
Ȋȣ ǹȖșȍȌȐ țȎȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȘȈȏȖȠȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȌȖȔȈȔ țȉȐȚȖȋȖ ȖȚȗȘȈ-
ȊȐȓȐ Ȋ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȒțȦ Ȉ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ șȐȌȍȓ, ȕȍ ȘȈȏȌȍȊȈȧșȤ,
ȕȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ș ȟȍȘȕȣȔ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȣȔ ȖȒȕȖȔ Ƕȕ
ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȏȈșȕțȚȤ ȅȚȖȚ ȔȘȈȒ ȕȈȗȐȘȈȦȡȐȑ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ
ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȍȔț ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȖșȚȣȔ ȔȘȈȒȖȔ ȅȚȖ ȚȈ ȚȤȔȈ ȏȓȖȉȣ
ȕȍȊȍȎȍșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȚȖȊșȦȌț ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȚ
ȔȖȓȖȌțȦ ȋȖȘȧȡțȦ ȧȘȒȐȔ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȍȔ ȒȖȔȔțȕȐȏȔȈ șȚȘȈȕț.
ǹȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȚȧȕțȚșȧ ȞȍȗȒȐȍ ȡțȗȈȓȤȞȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȐȏȔȈ ȕȈ-
ȘțȎȕȖ ȔȐȘȕȖȋȖ ȕȖ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȎȈȎȌțȡȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȔȧȚȤ
Ȑ ȏȈȋȈșȐȚȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȧȘȒȐȑ șȊȍȚ ǮȈȘȒȖȊț ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȐȚ
ȉȍșȜȖȘȔȍȕȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȓȐȞȈ Ȑ ȘțȒȐ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡ ȗȘȐȎȈȊȠȐȝ-
șȧ Ȓ șȚȍȒȓȈȔ Ȑ ȋȖȚȖȊȣȝ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ
Ǩ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȘȧȟȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍ-
ȕȐȍ" ǵȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȚȈȑȕ Ȑ șȍȒȘȍȚȕȣȝ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȑ" ǭșȚȤ ȗȘȖ-
șȚȖ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȟȕȣȑ ȉȘȍȌ țȔȐȘȈȦȡȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖȏȌȕȧȧ ȔȍșȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȖȉȔȈȕțȚȖȋȖ ȉȘȖȌȧȋȐ"
Dz țȚȘț ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȘȍȠȐȓșȧ ǻȉȐȚȣȑ ȐȔȍȓ ȚȍșȕțȦ șȊȧȏȤ ș
ǴȈȘȤȍȑ-ȓȈȊȖȟȕȐȞȍȑ Ƕȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȖȚȕȖ-
șȧȡȍȍșȧ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȚȈȑȕȍ ǻ ȕȍȍ ȍșȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ Ƕȕ ȗȖȑ-
ȌȍȚ Ȑ ȊȣȧșȕȐȚ Ȋșȍ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ ȕȈ șȔȍȝ Ȋșȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȐ-
ȡȐ Ȑ șȈȔȈ ǴȈȠȈ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȕȈȒȐȕțȓ ȒȖȎȈȕțȦ ȒțȘȚȒț ȕȈȌȊȐ-
ȕțȓ ȜțȘȈȎȒț ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ Ȗȗț-
șȚȍȓȖȋȖ ȎȐȓȤȧ
Ƕșȍȕȕȍȍ ȔțȚȕȖ-șȍȘȖȍ ȕȍȉȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȗȖȘȖȏȖȊȍ-
ȓȖ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȊȖșȝȖȌȧȡȍȋȖ șȖȓȕȞȈ ǴȍȎȌț ȌȊțȔȧ ȘȧȌȈȔȐ
ȕȐȏȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȗȘȖȗȐȚȈȕȕȣȝ țȋȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȣȓȤȦ ȌȖȔȐȒȖȊ ș Ȏȍȓȍȏ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȚȍȔ Ȏȍ țȋȖȓȤȕȣȔ ȕȈȓȍȚȖȔ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔȐ ȒȘȣ-
ȠȈȔȐ ȘȈșșȚȐȓȈȓȈșȤ ȘȖȊȕȈȧ ȕȍȔȖȡȍȕȈȧ țȓȐȞȈ DzȖȍ-ȋȌȍ ȟȐȕ-
ȕȖ ȚȖȗȚȈȓȐșȤ ȒțȘȣ Ȑ șȓȈȉȖ ȘȧȊȒȈȓȐ ȗȖȓțșȖȕȕȣȍ șȖȉȈȒȐ
ǬȊȍȘȐ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȑȏȉ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣ ǵȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȈȝ ȗȖȒȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȓȐșȤ ȝȖȏȧȍȊȈ — șȚȍȗȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȈȉȖȑȡȐȒȐ ȖȚȒȈȚȟȐȒȐ Ȑ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȍȒȖȗȣ — ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ǮȈȘȒȖȊȈ ȗȖ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ ǷȖșȍ-
ȓȖȒ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖșȣȗȈȓșȧ
ǪȖȚ Ȑ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖșȍȓȒȈ ǮȍȓȚȖ-șȍȘȈȧ ȊȣȚȖȗȚȈȕȕȈȧ ȓȖȡȐ-
ȕȈ ȗȖȒȈȚȖ șȗțșȒȈȦȡȈȧșȧ Ȓ ȘȍȟȒȍ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ țșȒȖȘȐȓ ȠȈȋ
ǪȖȚ Ȑ ȌȖȔ ȓȈȊȖȟȕȐȞȣ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȋȖȊȈȚȣȑ ȗȘȖȟȕȣȑ șȘțȉ ș

ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ǪȌȖȓȤ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȠȍȐ Ƞȍȓ ȏȈȗȍȒȠȐȑșȧ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ
ȠȘȈȔ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ șȌȍȓȈȕȕȣȑ ȕȖȎȖȔ ǵȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȕȈ
ȗȖȓț ȊȈȓȧȓȈșȤ ȋȘțȌȈ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȚȘȧȗȤȧ Ȑ ȏȐȧȓ ȗțșȚȖȑ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȤȦ ȎȍȓȚȣȑ ȖȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȎȍșȚȤȦ șțȕȌțȟȖȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȕȈȝȖ-
ȌȐȊȠȐȑșȧ ȗȖȌ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȤȦ ȏȈȘȍȏȈȕȕȖȑ ȓȈȊȖȟȕȐȞȣ

ȅȎȟȠȪ ȐȠȜȞȎȭ
ǽǼ ǿǹdzDzǮǺ ȅdzǾǻǼDZǼ ǵǼǹǼȀǮ

21
 ǽȜȟșȓ ȞȎȏȜȠȩ
Ǫ ȒȘțȋȓȖȑ ȏȈȓȐȚȖȑ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȖȔ ȗȍȡȍȘȍ șȖ șȚȍȕȈȔȐ
Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȖȔ ȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȚȖȓșȚȣȔȐ ȔȈȚȖȊȖ-ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȉȘȍȊȕȈ-
ȔȐ ș ȗȘȖȊȖȌȈȔȐ ȊȌȖȓȤ șȚȍȕ Ȑ ȘȈȏȉȘȖșȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȊșȦȌț ȟȈșȚȧ-
ȔȐ ȔȈȠȐȕ Ȑ șȊȍȘȚȒȈȔȐ ȒȈȕȈȚȈ șȚȖȓȗȐȓȈșȤ ȗȈȘȚȐȧ ȐȏȔțȟȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ șțȚțȓȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ǫșȍ — ȕȈȟȐȕȈȧ ș Ȑȝ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȋțșȚȖȑ
șȍȘȖȑ ȋȘȧȏȤȦ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ Ȑ ȒȖȕȟȈȧ ȓȐȞȈȔȐ — ȔȘȈȟȕȣȔȐ ȖȚ ȗȖ-
ȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȍȑ Ȑȝ șȈȎȐ — ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȖ ȟȚȖ ȓȦȌȐ ȥȚȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȟȚȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȦȚșȧ ș ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ǿȍȘȕȈȧ ȗȍȡȍȘȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȞȍȕȚȘȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȔ ȏȈȓȖȔ ȠȈȝȚȣ — ȏȈȓȖȔ ȗȖȌȢȍȔȕȖȑ ȒȓȍȚȐ Ȑ ȏȈȗȈșȕȣȝ
ȓȍșȚȕȐȞ
ǪȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓșȧ șȐȋȕȈȓȤȕȣȑ țȌȈȘ Ȑ șȊȍȘ-
ȝț ș ȋȘȖȝȖȚȖȔ șȗțșȒȈȓȈșȤ ȒȓȍȚȤ ȗȖȌȢȍȔȕȖȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȕȈȗȖȓ-
ȕȍȕȕȈȧ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȔȐ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȍȑ șȔȍȕȣ ǮȌțȡȐȍ ȊȕȐȏț ȊȝȖȌȐȓȐ
ȊȕțȚȘȤ șȕȖȊȈ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȈȓ țȌȈȘ șȐȋȕȈȓȈ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȒȓȍȚȒȈ ȊȏȊȐ-
ȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚț ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȢȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȠȚȘȍȒȈ
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȒȓȍȚȤ ȗȘȍȌȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔ Ƕȕ ȍȌȊȈ țșȗȍȓ
ȗȘȖȚȐșȕțȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȗȓȖȚȕțȦ ȒțȟȒț ȊȖȠȍȌȠȐȝ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȒȈȒ ȥȓȍȒ-
ȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ șȊȍȚ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ țȗȈȓ Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȘȧȓșȧ ȊȖ ȔȘȈȒȍ DzȓȍȚȤ
ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȝȖȎȐȝ șȚȖȓȗȐȊȠȐȝ-
șȧ Ȋ ȓȐȊȍȕȤ ȗȖȌ ȚȖȕȒȐȔ ȕȖ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȔ ȕȈȊȍșȖȔ ǹȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȕ Ȋ ȉȖȒȈ Ȑ ȒȘȣȠț ȒȓȍȚȐ țȌȈȘȧȓȈșȤ ȊȖȌȈ ȊȣȚȍȒȈȦȡȈȧ Ȑȏ
ȉȖȒȖȊȣȝ șȚȍȕ ȠȈȝȚȣ ǪȖȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȈȓȈ Ȋ ȒȓȍȚȤ ǵȖ ǮȈȘ-
ȒȖȊ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ Ȗ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȝ ȋȖ-
ȌȈȝ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ Ȑ șȊȖȐ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ȗȖ ȒȘțȚȖȑ ȏȈ-
ȗȈșȕȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȗȖȌ ȗȘȖȓȐȊȕȣȔ ȌȖȎȌȍȔ ȗȈȌȈȦȡȐȔ șȊȍȘ-
ȝț ǪȍȌȤ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȗȖȌȢȍȔȕȈȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ
ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ — ȚȈȒ ȟȈșȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȧ ǬȈ
ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȚȍȝȕȐȒȐ șȐȓȤȕȖ țȓțȟȠȐȓȖșȤ ȏȈ ȥȚȐ ȌȊȈ
ȋȖȌȈ
— ǮȈȘȒȖȊ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ șȕȖȊȈ ȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȖșȍ-
ȓȖȒ"— ǪȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ" Ǩ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȖȕȐ țȍȏȎȈȓȐ"
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȐ

22
— ǵț ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȏȍ ǰȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ȗȧȚȤ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ǶȕȐ
țȍȝȈȓȐ ȏȈ ȌȍȕȤ ȌȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǩȈȉȐȕȈ ǫȖȊȖȘȧȚ ș ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȐȔ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ șȖȊȍȚȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ǬȈȊȕȖ ȗȖȘȈ ȗȖȌȗȐșȈȚȤ
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȓ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȜȘȈȏȣ DzȓȍȚȤ ȊȣȕȣȘȕțȓȈ Ȑ
ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȊȍȚȍ ȊȍȘȝȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȧ ǸȈȉȖȟȐȍ ȠțȔ-
ȕȖȑ ȚȖȓȗȖȑ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋ ȕȈȌȠȈȝȚȍȘȕȣȑ ȏȈȓ ǩȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȖȝȖ-
ȌȐȓȐ Ȋ șȖșȍȌȕȐȑ ȏȈȓ ș ȘȧȌȈȔȐ ȔȍȌȕȣȝ ȒȘȈȕȖȊ ȕȈȌ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȔ
ȗȖȓȖȔ Ȑ ȊȣșȖȒȐȔȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȔȐ ȠȒȈȜȟȐȒȈȔȐ ȗȖ ȠȒȈȜ-
ȟȐȒț ț ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȒȘȈȕȈ ǹȉȘȈșȣȊȈȧ ȋȘȧȏȕțȦ ȗȘȖȏȖȌȍȎȌț ȒȈȎ-
Ȍȣȑ ȖȉȔȣȊȈȓșȧ ȗȖȌ ȒȘȈȕȖȔ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓȐ ȠȒȈȜȟȐȒȐ
Ȑ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȊ ȖȚȚțȌȈ șȊȖȐ ȕȈȌȏȍȔȕȣȍ ȒȖșȚȦȔȣ ȏȈȗȐȘȈȓȐ Ȋ ȕȐȝ
ȗȘȖȏȖȌȍȎȌț
Ǫ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȐșȟȍȏȈȓȐ țȋȘȦȔȣȍ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȗȖȌ-
ȏȍȔȍȓȤȧ ǪȔȍșȚȖ ȕȐȝ ȕȈ țȓȐȞț ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȟȐȍ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȐșȚȣȍ Ȑ șȍȘȣȍ ȓȐȞȈ ȌȈ ȕȍ-
ȖȉȣȟȕȈȧ șțȚțȓȖȊȈȚȖșȚȤ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓȈ Ȑȝ ȖȚ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȗȘȖ-
ȐȏȊȖȌșȚȊ
ǷȖȌșȚȈȊȓȧȧ șȗȐȕț ȗȖȌ șȚȘțȦ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȕȖȑ ȊȖȌȣ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ
ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ ǹȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍ-
șȚȊȐȑ țȟȈșȚȕȐȒȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ țȎȍ ȗȧȚȤ Ȍȕȍȑ
ǰ ȎȐȚȍȓȐ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȔȐȓȐȞȐȧ ȌȈȊȕȖ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȏȈ-
ȉȣȓȐ ȌȊȈ țȉȐȑșȚȊȈ ȚȈȒ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȊȠȐȍ ȌȘțȋ ȏȈ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȔ ǻȉȐȑșȚȊȖ ȓȈȊȖȟȕȐȞȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȓȖ ȌȖȋȈȌȒț Ȗ
ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȈȔȍȠȈȕȈ ȘȍȊȕȖșȚȤ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ș
șȖșȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȘțȌȕȐȒȈ șȖȖȉȡȐȓȐ Ȗȉ ȈȘȍșȚȍ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȒȐ ȗȤȧȕȖȋȖ
ȉȘȖȌȧȋȐ ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȊȠȍȋȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ Ȗȉ țȉȐȑșȚȊȍ Ȗ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕȍ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ȊȘȈȋȍ ǻ ȉȘȖȌȧȋȐ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȐ ȖȚȘȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȧ șȈȔȖȋȖȕȖȔ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȍȕ Ȋ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠțȦ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȕȐȞț Ȑ țȔȍȘ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȧ Ȋ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ
ȅȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ țȉȐȑșȚȊȈ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȎȐȚȍȓȐ
ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȗȖșȍȓȒȈ ǸȈȏȘȍȠȐȊ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ șȍȒȘȍȚ ȌȊțȝ ȚȘț-
ȗȖȊ Ȋșȍ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓȐșȤ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȘȐȔȐȘȐȚȤșȧ
ș ȚȈȒȐȔ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȧ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ
țȉȐȚȖȋȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ ǷȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȧ ȘȈȏȌțȔȣȊȈȚȤ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȖȌȍȓșȧ
Ȑ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈ țȓȐȞț
Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȓȖ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȐȍ ȏȈȘȗȓȈȚȣ ǷȍȘȍȉȘȈ-
șȣȊȈȧșȤ ȠțȚȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖȉȋȖȕȧȧ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ȠȈȝȚȍȘȣ ȠȓȐ Ȓ
ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȔț ȖșȖȉȕȧȒț — ȏȌȈȕȐȦ ȘțȌȕȐȟȕȖȑ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȣ

23
ǺȈȒ Ȏȍ ȊȍșȍȓȖ țșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȓȐ ȎȐȊțȦ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȚȈȦȡțȦ ț
ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ǰ ȟȐȕȕȖ ȊȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋ ȘȈȏȋȖȘȖȎȍȕȕțȦ ȊȣșȖ-
ȒȖȑ ȘȍȠȍȚȒȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ș ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ șȒȈȔȍȑȒȈȔȐ ȗȖ ȥȚț șȚȖ-
ȘȖȕț ȘȍȠȍȚȒȐ
ǯȈ ȎȍȓȚȖȑ ș ȗȖȓțȒȘțȋȓȣȔȐ ȖȒȖȠȍȟȒȈȔȐ ȖȋȘȈȌȖȑ ȠȓȈ
ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ «dzȐȋȈ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ» ȕȍȌȈȘȖȔ ȗȖșȣȓȈȓȈ șȦ-
ȌȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȓțȟȠȐȝ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒȖȊ-ȐȕșȚȘțȒȚȖȘȖȊ DzȖȕȚȖȘȡȐȒȐ
ȕȍ ȚȍȘȧȓȐ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ șȍȒțȕȌȣ ǩȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȌșȖȊȣȊȈȓȐ ȊȍȌȖȔȖșȚȤ
ȒȈȎȌȖȔț ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡȍȔț ȖȚȔȍȟȈȓȐ Ȋ ȚȘțȌȖȊȖȑ ȒȕȐȎȒȍ ȊȣȌȈ-
ȊȈȓȐ ȟȍȒ ǹȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ
ǯȈ șȚȖȓȖȔ ȒȈșșȐȘȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȒȖșȚȓȧ-
ȊȖȑ ȜȐȋțȘȖȑ Ȑ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȔ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȗȘȐȗțȝȓȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ǭȋȖ ȉȍ-
ȓȣȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȑ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȉȍȋȈȓȐ ȖȚ ȉțȔȈȋ Ȓ ȌȍȕȤȋȈȔ,
ȖȚ Ȍȍȕȍȋ Ȓ ȉțȔȈȋȈȔ ǬȍȓȖ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȖȍ ǩȍșȞȊȍȚȕȣȍ șȒțȟȈȦ-
ȡȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȒȈșșȐȘȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ șȓȍȌȐȓȐ ȏȈ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȗȈȓȤ-
ȞȍȊ ǸțȒȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȏȈ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȘȖȌȒȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȎȐȓȈ ȖȚȌȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ șȈȔȖșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ
ȅȚȈ ȉȍȋȈȦȡȈȧ ȗȖ șȚȖȓț Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȦȡȈȧ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȘțȒȈ
ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȓȈ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ǮȈȘȒȖȊȈ ǫȌȍ Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȚȈȒȐȍ
ȉȍșȒȘȖȊȕȣȍ ȝțȌȣȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȚȈȒțȦ ȌȓȐȕȕțȦ ȎȐȓȐșȚțȦ ȒȐșȚȤ?
ǷȖȟȍȔț ȖȕȈ ȚȈȒ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ" ȅȚȖȚ șȊȍȎȐȑ ȗȖȘȍȏ ȗȖ-
ȊȣȠȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȗȈȓȤȞȈ ǫȌȍ Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȥȚț ȘțȒț"
ǷȍȘȍȌ ǮȈȘȒȖȊȣȔ șȚȖȧȓȖ ȌȊȖȍ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ȏȈȚȍȧȊȠȐȝ ș ȒȈș-
șȐȘȖȔ șȗȖȘ ǶȕȐ șȚȈȓȐ ȌȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȕȍȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȊȣȟȐș-
ȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȐȔ șțȔȔȣ ǹȍȘȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȒȈșșȐȘȈ șȒțȟȈȦȡȍ ȒȈȟȕț-
ȓȈșȤ șȖ șȚțȓȈ Ȑ ȗȖȠȓȈ Ȓ ȕȍșȋȖȘȈȍȔȖȔț ȠȒȈȜț ǷțșȚȤ ȚȖȊȈ-
ȘȐȡȐ ȗȖȌȖȎȌțȚ Ȗȕ șȍȑȟȈș ȌȖȒȈȎȍȚ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈȔ ǽțȌȈȧ ȕȍ-
ȔȕȖȋȖ șȖȋȕțȚȈȧ șȗȐȕȈ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȖȒȘȈșȒȍ
ȠȒȈȜȈ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȖȚ ȧȘȒȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ
ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȊșȗȣȠȒȈ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧ
ȅȚȈ șȗȐȕȈ — Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȍ țȉȍȋȈȦȡȍȑ Ȋ șȊȍȚȍ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȋȖ
ȜȖȕȈȘȧ ȥȚȈ șȗȐȕȈ țȉȐȑȞȣ ǩȈȉȐȕȈ Ȉ ȝțȌȈȧ ȉȍȓȈȧ ȘțȒȈ" ǸȈȏ-
Ȋȍ ȕȍ ȥȚȈ ȒȐșȚȤ ȗȘȖșțȕțȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȖȍ ȖȒȕȖ ȕȈȎȐȔȈȧ ȟȍȘ-
ȕțȦ șȖȉȈȟȒț ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȈ"
ǺȈȒ ȊȖȚ ȋȌȍ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȒȈ ǷȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȒȈșșȐȘȈ — țȉȐȑȞȈ țȔȐ-
ȘȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȠȈȝȚȍȘȈ DzȘȐȒȕțȚȤ ȗȖȏȊȈȚȤ ȔȐȓȐȞȐȦ" ǵȖ ȌȖȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ" ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ șȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȕȍȘȊȕțȦ
ȌȘȖȎȤ ȏȈșțȕțȚȣȝ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȣ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȊ

24
DzȈșșȐȘ ȖȚȗțșȚȐȓ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ șȗȖȘȡȐȒȈ Ȑ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ǮȈȘȒȖȊȈ ǵȈ ȓȐȞȍ — ȗȖȓȕȖȍ șȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȍ Ȑ
ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȐȍ
ǸȈȏȊȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ țȉȐȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ" ǬȘȖȎȈȡȐȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ
ǮȈȘȒȖȊȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓȐ Ȋ ȖȒȖȠȍȟȒȖ țȏȒțȦ ȗȖȓȖșȒț ȘȈșȗȐșȒȐ Ȑ
ȉȍȓȈȧ ȉȍșșȚȘȈșȚȕȈȧ ȘțȒȈ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȓȐșȚȖȒ
 ǽȡȠȓȦȓȟȠȐȖȓ ȘșȜȥȘȎ ȏȡȚȎȑȖ
DzȖȕȚȖȘȈ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ǪȣȌȈȕȣ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ șȟȍȚȈ
ȗȖȋȈȠȍȕȣ ȊȍȌȖȔȖșȚȐ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȍȕȣ ǹȓțȎȈȡȐȍ țȎȍ ȘȈșȝȖ-
ȌȐȓȐșȤ DzȈșșȐȘ ȏȈȗȍȘ ȠȒȈȜ ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȖ șȓȖȎȐȊ ȚțȌȈ Ȋșȍ
ȉțȔȈȋȐ Ȑ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ǴȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȑȌȧ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȦȦ Ȗȕ Ȋȏȧȓ ț
șȚȖȘȖȎȈ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ Ƞȓȧȗț Ȑ ȚȘȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȋȘȧȏȕțȦ șțȔ-
ȘȈȟȕțȦ țȓȐȞț
DzȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȔȐȔȖ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȚȖȓȒ-
ȕțȊȠȐșȤ ș ȒȈșșȐȘȖȔ ȏȈȊȍȘȕțȓ ȏȈ țȋȖȓ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȐȏȉțȠȒȐ Ǩ
ȖȗȧȚȤ ȚȖȚ șȈȔȣȑ ȠȈȝȚȍȘ DzȈșșȐȘț șȚȈȓȖ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ Ȑ ȗȖ
șȗȐȕȍ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȖȒ ǷȖȟȍȔț" DzȈșșȐȘ ȔȈȝȕțȓ
ȚȘȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȣȔ ȠȈȋȖȔ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȊȕȐȏ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȍ
ǵȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ șȚȖȓȒȕțȊȠȐȑșȧ ș ȕȐȔ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ Ȋ
ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȊșȍȋȖ ȌȊȈ-ȚȘȐ ȠȈȋȈ Ƕȕ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖșȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȖȧȓ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ ǷȘȖȑ-
Ȍȧ șȕȖȊȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȕȕȣȑ ȗțȚȤ ȖȚ țȋȓȈ Ȗȕ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ
Ȋȣȋȓȧȕțȓ ǪȌȈȓȍȒȍ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȈ șțȚțȓȖȊȈȚȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȘȈȏȔȈ-
ȝȐȊȈȦȡȈȧ ȗȈȓȒȖȑ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ — ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ Ȗȕ — ȗȘȖȎȌȈȓ ȍȡȍ
ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ țȝȖȌȧȡȐȔ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ-
șȧ Ȋ ȚȍȕȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȠȈȝȚȍȘșȒȐȝ ȌȖȔȐȒȖȊ
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȊȣȧșȕȐȚȤ ȚȖ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖ ȍȔț Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȌȊȈ ȟȈșȈ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ
ǴȓȈȌȠȐȑ ȒȈșșȐȘ — țȉȐȑȞȈ ǩȈȉȐȕȈ ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ?
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȗȖȎȍȘȚȊțȍȚ ȖȌȐȕ ȌȊȈ ȌȈȎȍ ȚȘȐ Ȍȕȧ ȕȖ ȘȈșșȓȍȌțȍȚ
ȥȚȖ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖȍ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ

25
ǷȘȍșȓȍȌțȍȔȣȑ Ƞȍȓ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȑ ȗȖȝȖȌȒȖȑ ȋțȓȧȦȡȍȋȖ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȔȈȝȐȊȈȓ ȚȘȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȓȖȟȐȓ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȕȖȋȐ
ǪȐȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȓȦȉțȍȚșȧ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȐȔ ȍȋȖ Ǫ țȔȍ ǮȈȘ-
ȒȖȊȈ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȈ ȔȣșȓȤ ȟȚȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȓȦȉȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ șȖ-
ȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȟȍȔ ǵȖ ȒȈșșȐȘ ȉȣȓ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȧ.
ǪȣȑȌȧ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȖȉȘȣȊ ȏȈ ǿȍȘȕȣȔ ȗȖșȍȓȒȖȔ Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈȕȖ-
ȊȐȓșȧ Ȋȏȧȓ ȗȈȓȒț ȗȖȌ ȔȣȠȒț Ȑ ȏȈșțȕțȓ ȘțȒȐ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȣ
ȠȐȘȖȒȖȋȖ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ Ƕȕ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ
ȠȈȋȈȝ șȗȘȧȚȈȊȠȐșȤ ȏȈ ȗȓȍȚȕȍȔ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȍȚ
șȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȏȍ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȘȈșșȚȐ-
ȓȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȊȕȐȏț
ǬȈ ȅȚȖȚ ȝȔțȘȣȑ ȖșȍȕȕȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ
ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡȐȔ Ȍȓȧ țȊȍșȍȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȋțȓȖȒ ǪȕȐȏț ȕȈ ȖȉȘȣ-
ȊȐșȚȖȔ ȉȍȘȍȋț țȏȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȘȍȟȒȐ ȘȈȏȋțȓȐȊȈȓ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȓȦȉȐȚȍȓȤ
ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ ǮȈȘȒȖȊț ȕȍȚȘțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ țȋȈȌȈȚȤ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȈ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ
ȒȘțȋȓȍȕȤȒȖȔ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȖȌȍȚȖȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȒȍ
ǴȈȓȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȓȦȉȖȊȈȓșȧ șȍȘȖȑ
ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȉȍȋțȡȍȑ ȊȖȌȖȑ Ƕȕ ȌȈȎȍ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ șȈȔȖȔț ȖȚȒȖșț
Ȑ ȖȋȓȧȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ — Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȐȓȐȟȐȧ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ
— țșȍȓșȧ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ Ȓ ȘȍȟȒȍ Ƕȕ ȊșȚȈȓ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ
ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț ǵȖ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ȒȘȈȚȒȖȋȖ ȖȚȌȣȝȈ ȉȍȓȍȓȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȈȧ ȖȉȘȖȕȍȕȕȈȧ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕȖȔ ȉțȔȈȎȒȈ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȒȈșșȐȘȈ ǵȍ-
ȉȘȍȎȕȖ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȊ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ țȝȖȌȧȡȍȋȖ ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȕȍȚȖȘȖȗȓȐ-
ȊȖȑ ȗȖȝȖȌȒȖȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț ǷȖȓȦȉȖȊȈȓșȧ ȘȍȟȒȖȑ ǷȖȝȖ-
ȌȐȓ ȗȖ ȉȍȘȍȋț ǰ Ȓ ȕȍȔȈȓȖȔț țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȦ ǮȈȘȒȖȊȈ șȍȓ ȕȈ
ȚȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȧȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȏȈȕȧȓ ȔȈ-
ȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ
ǩȍȓȈȧ ȉțȔȈȎȒȈ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȈ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȔȍȎȌț ȍȋȖ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ
ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȗȕ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȐȏțȟȈȓ ȕȍȘȖȊȕȣȑ ȓȖșȒț-
ȚȖȒ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȠȍȊȍȓȤȕțȓ ȘțȒȖȑ Ȑ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȖȉȘȣȊȒȈ țȗȖȘȝȕțȓȐ
ȊȌȈȓȤ ȗȖȌȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȘȣȊȖȔ ȊȍȚȘȈ DzȈșșȐȘ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓșȧ ȕȈ
ȔȍșȚȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ Ȑ ȖȚȘȧȝȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȔȍȌ-
ȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȓ ȗȖșȍȓȒț
ǷȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȑ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȉȣ Ȋ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ țȌȐȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȍ ȌȖșȔȖȚȘȐ Ȗȕ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȥȚț ȕȍȓȍȗțȦ șȞȍȕț Ƕȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ

26
ȉȣ ȒȈȒ ȚȘȍȚȤȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ — ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȍȕȈșȚȖȋȖ
ȘȈȉȖȟȍȋȖ — ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓȈ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȗȓȍȚȕȧ ȕȈ ȝȖȓȔȍ Ȑ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ Ȓ
ȘȍȟȒȍ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȈ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȌȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȌȖ ȔȍșȚȈ ȋȌȍ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȌȊȖȍ
ȗȘȍȌȣȌțȡȐȝ Ȑ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȋȓȧȌȍȓȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȒȈȒ ȐȏȌȈȊ ȘȈȌȖ-
șȚȕȣȑ ȊȖȏȋȓȈș ȖȕȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȒȓȖȟȒȖȊ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȕȕȖȑ
ȏȈȗȐșȒȐ Ȑ șȚȈȓȈ ȉȘȖȌȐȚȤ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ
ȕȈȠȓȈ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȚȘȍȝ ȖȉȘȣȊȒȖȊ Ǩ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȤ
ȉȣȓ Ȑȏ ȔȍșȚȕȣȝ ȎȐȚȍȓȍȑ Ȗȕ țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ȉȣ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ țȏ-
ȕȈȊ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȓȦȉȐȚȍȓȍ ȟțȎȐȝ șȍȒȘȍȚȖȊ ȏȈȉȖȑȡȐȒȈ ǷȍȚȘȈ ǮȈȘ-
ȒȖȊȈ
4. ǵȎȑȎȒȜȥțȜȓ ȝȖȟȪȚȜ
ǵȖ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ǮȈȘȒȖȊȈ ȗȍȘȍȠȓȈ Ȋ ȋȖȘȤȒȖȍ ȘȈȏȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ
ȒȖȋȌȈ șȓȖȎȐȊ ȖȉȘȣȊȒȐ Ȗȕ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ ȗȘȖȟȍșȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȍ Ȑȕ-
ȚȍȘȍșȕȖȍ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖșȓȈȕȐȍ ǵȈ ȉțȔȈȎȒȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȞȈȘȈȗȈȕȖ
ȒȘȐȊȣȔ ȔȈȓȖȘȈȏȉȖȘȟȐȊȣȔ ȗȖȟȍȘȒȖȔ
«ǰȍȕȖȔ ǹȋȕȐȖȘȌ ȘȦ ȒȑȍȚ dzȍȕȋȐș ȓȍțȎȦ ȐȊ DzȖȓȒȖ țȚ
Țȍ ȚȑȈȕ ȚșȒȍȕ».
ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ȍȘțȕȌȈ ǬȈȎȍ Ȋ ȒȕȐȎȒȍ ȚȖȋȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȥȚȈ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ ȗȘȖȟȍșȚȤ ȋȖȌȈ ȚȘȐ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȋ
ǴȖșȒȊȍ Ȋșȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȓțȟȠȍ Ȑ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȍȑ ȅȚȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ-
ȚȖ ȐȏȌȍȊȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ șȕȖȊȈ șȓȖȎȐȓ ȒȓȖȟȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖȗȘȖ-
ȉȖȊȈȓ ȗȘȖȟȍșȚȤ ǹȓȖȎȍȕȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖ Ȉ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ ȚȈ Ȏȍ ȟȍ-
ȗțȝȈ Ǫ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ" ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ ȕȈȌ ȉȍȓȣȔ ȓȖșȒțȚȒȖȔ
ǰ ȏȈșțȕțȊ ȖȉȘȣȊȒȐ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȠȈȋȈȓ ȊȓȍȊȖ
ǵȈ ȦȎȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȗȖșȍȓȒȈ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȌȖȔȈ ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȐȝ
șȓțȎȈȡȐȝ ȎȐȓȐ ȌȊȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȧ ǮȈȘȒȖȊȈ — ȒȖȔ-
șȖȔȖȓȤȞȣ DzȐȔ Ȑ ǴȐȚȤȒȈ ǸȍȉȧȚȈ ȌȕȍȔ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ Ȋ ȠȈȝȚȍ Ȉ
ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ țșȍȘȌȕȖ țȟȐȓȐșȤ ȏȈȗȍȘȠȐșȤ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȌȖȔȐȒȍ «ǪȔȍ-
șȚȖ ȘȈȉȜȈȒȈ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ», — ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȒȈȎȌȖȔț
șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȦȡȍȔț Ȗ șȔȣșȓȍ Ȑȝ țȟȍȕȐȧ ǶȉȈ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ
ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȐȑ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘȕȣȑ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚ ǪȖȚ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǮȈȘ-
ȒȖȊ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȌȖȔȐȒ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȌȊȍ ȊȏȢȍȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ Ȋ

27
ȧȘȒȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȓȈȔȗȖȟȒȐ șȒȓȖȕȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȕȈȌ
ȖȌȕȖȑ ȚȖȓșȚȖȑ ȒȕȐȋȖȑ
— Ǩ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ǵț ȒȈȒȖȊȖ ȗȖȎȐȊȈȍȔ"
ǴȐȚȤȒȈ ȕȍ ȖȚȘȣȊȈȧșȤ ȖȚ ȒȕȐȋȐ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȊȖȠȍȌȠȍȔț
ȝțȌțȦ ȐșȗȈȟȒȈȕȕțȦ ȟȍȘȕȐȓȈȔȐ ȘțȒț
— ǪȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȘȍȉȧȚȒȐ — șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖșȚȤ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ǮȈȘȒȖȊȈ ȏȈș-
ȚȈȊȐȓȈ ȝȖȏȧȍȊ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȐȚȤșȧ — ȌȍȓȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ ȊȈȔ ǷȐșȤȔȖ
ȖȌȕȖ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȚȤ ȕțȎȕȖ ǬțȔȈȍȚșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȕȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȍȚșȧ ȠȐȜ ȠȘȐȜȚȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ ȖȕȖ
— ȀȐȜȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ — ȊȈȎȕȖ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȐȓ DzȐȔ— Ȉ
ȕț-ȒȈ ȗȖȒȈȎȐ ǨȋȈ
Ǫșȍ ȚȘȖȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐșȤ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȖȉȘȣȊȒȐ ȏȈȗȐșȒȐ
— ǭșȓȐ ȠȐȜȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ — ȌȍȓȖ ȚȈȉȈȒ ǵȐ Ȋ ȎȐșȚȤ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ-
ȉȍȘȍȠȤ ǪȖȚ ȟȚȖ — ȏȈȧȊȐȓ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ǴȐȚȤȒȈ
DzȐȔ șȍȘȌȐȚȖ șȔȖȘȡȐȓșȧ
— ǩȘȖșȤ ǴȐȚȤȒȈ DzȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤȞȣ Ȕȣ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ" DzȖȔșȖȔȖ-
ȓȍȞ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ǬțȔȈȍȚșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ
ȗȖ-ȘțșșȒȐ ȥȚȖ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȖ ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȠȤ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ"
— Ȗȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ DzȐȔ ȕȈ ǮȈȘȒȖȊȈ
— ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ
— ǺȈȒ Ǩ ȕț-ȒȈ ȗȖȗȘȖȉțȍȔ ȗȖ-ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐ ǻȟȐȓȐ ȊȍȌȤ Ȕȣ
ȍȋȖ ǴȐȚȤȒȈ" ǷȖȗȘȖȉțȍȔ ǷȖȔȖȋȈȑ ǴȐȚȤȒȈ
ǴȐȚȤȒȈ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȓ ȕȖ, ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȗȐșȤ-
ȔȖ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȕȕȖȍ ȗȖ-ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȚȈȒȐȔ Ȏȍ ȕȍȗȖ-
ȕȧȚȕȣȔ
— ǽȔ — DzȐȔ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ — Ǩ ȕț-ȒȈ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȍȔșȧ șȏȈȌț
ȕȈȗȍȘȍȌ ǽȐȚȘȣȍ ȊȍȌȤ ȖȕȐ ȥȚȐ ȉțȘȎțȐ ǵȍ ȊȣȑȌȍȚ ȍȡȍ ȒȈȒ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȣȊȍȘȕȍȔ ǵț-ȒȈ
ǿȍȘȍȏ șȍȒțȕȌț DzȐȔ șȖȘȊȈȓșȧ ș ȔȍșȚȈ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈ-
Țȍ ȘȧȌ ȉȣșȚȘȣȝ ȗȘȣȎȒȖȊ Ǩ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȍșȧȚȤ șȍȒțȕȌ șȕȖȊȈ șȐȌȍȓ
ȕȈ șȚțȓȍ șȚȈȘȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ șȓȖȊȈȘȧ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȧ ȗȖ-
ȕȧȚȕțȦ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȏȈȗȐșȒț Ȑ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȧ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈȔ șȊȖȍ ȖȚȒȘȣ-
ȚȐȍ
— ǹȏȈȌț ȕȈȗȍȘȍȌ ȟȐȚȈȍȔ ǿȐȚȈȍȔ ȠȐȊȖȘȖȚ-ȕȈȊȣȊȖȘȖȚ
ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ șȓȖȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȣȠȓȖ? «ǵȍȒșȚ — ȗȖ-ȘțșșȒȐ — ȥȚȖȚ
șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ǬȈȓȤȠȍ — ȕȈȑȚ —- ȕȖȟȤ ǷȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ ȖȕȐ Ȉȕȋ-
ȓȐȑșȒȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȘțșșȒȐȔȐ ȉțȒȊȈȔȐ ȕȈȞȈȘȈȗȈȓȐ ǭȡȍ — ǭȚ Țț
ȖȒȓȖȒ — Ȋ ȌȊȈ ȟȈșȈ «ȅȚȖȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ Ȋ ȌȊȈ ȟȈșȈ» ǪȐȌȐȚȍ, ȚȖȊȈ-

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ȘȐȡȐ? — ȏȈȌȣȝȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȖȚ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ
DzȐȔ
ǷȍȘȍȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȉȍȘȍȎȕȖ ȏȈȗȐșȣȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȍȚȘȈȌȒț
ǷȍȘȍȊȍȓȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȘȍȔȧ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȣȔȐ șȣȡȐȒȈ-
ȔȐ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ șȓȍȌțȦȡȈȧ ȜȘȈȏȈ:
«ȅȚȖȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ Ȋ ȌȊȈ ȟȈșȈ ǹȐȋȕȈȓȣ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȍ ǯȈȝȊȈȚȐȚȍ
ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ ǬȍȕȤȋȐ».
— ǺȈȒ — ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȏȈȗȐșȒț —
ǹȊȐȌȈȕȤȍ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ DzȈșșȐȘ Ȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ ǿȍȘȚȍȎȐ ǪȍȌȤ Ȑ ǩȈ-
ȉȐȕ Ȗ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȟȍȘȚȍȎȈȝ ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ǪȖȚ ȚȈȒ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ
— Ƕ ȟȍȔ ȥȚȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ? — Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȋȖȓȖș șȗȘȖșȐȓȐ DzȐȔ Ȑ
ǴȐȚȤȒȈ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȊșȍȔ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȔ ȗȖȊȍ-
ȌȍȕȐȍȔ ǮȈȘȒȖȊȈ
—ǶȟȍȔ"ǬȈȍșȓȐȉȣȧȏȕȈȓ,ȊȟȍȔȚțȚȌȍȓȖȘȈȏȊȍȧșȚȈȓ
ȉȣ ȊȖȏȐȚȤșȧ ș ȥȚȐȔȐ ȗȖȌȓȣȔȐ ȉțȔȈȎȖȕȒȈȔȐ? ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȌțȔȈȍȚ-
șȧ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȉțȘȎțȐ șȕȖȊȈ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȗȈȒȖșȚȤ ȕȈȠȍȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ
ȗȖȌșȚȘȈȐȊȈȦȚ Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ ǵȈȠȍȋȖ ȔȓȈȌȠȍȋȖ
ȒȈșșȐȘȈ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ" ǶȚ ȊȈș ȊȐȌȕȣ Ȗȉȍ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȌȖȔȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ Ȗȕ
ȎȐȊȍȚ ǪȖȕ ȍȋȖ ȌȊȈ ȖȒȕȈ ȊȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȔ ȥȚȈȎȍ Ǵȕȍ șȍȑȟȈș ȕȈ
ȟȈșȖȒ ȖȚȓțȟȐȚȤșȧ ȕțȎȕȖ Ȉ Ȋȣ șȓȍȌȐȚȍ ȏȈ ȌȖȔȖȔ ǭșȓȐ ȗȖ-
ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȒȈșșȐȘ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȑșȧ ǹ ȋȓȈȏ ȕȍ
șȗțșȒȈȑȚȍ ǷȖȕȧȓȐ?
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȈ ȗȈȘȕȧ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ƕȕ
șȋȘȍȉ șȖ șȚȖȓȈ ȘȊȈȕțȦ ȏȈȗȐșȒț Ȑ ȍȍ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌ Ȑ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓ Ȑȏ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ
5. ȁ ȟȜȐȓȠȟȘȜȑȜ ȒȖȞȓȘȠȜȞȎ
ǹȖȊȍȚșȒȐȑ ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘ ȘȈȏȘȈȉȖȚȒȐ «ȆȎȕȖȍ» ȎȐȓ șȖȊșȍȔ
ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȖȚ ȌȖȔȐȒȈ ȒȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤȞȍȊ ǹȚȖȐȓȖ ȗȍȘȍȑȚȐ ȠȐȘȖ-
ȒțȦ țȓȐȞț șȊȍȘȕțȚȤ ȖȒȖȓȐȞȍȑ ȊȓȍȊȖ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ ȍȡȍ ȗȧȚȤ ȠȈ-
ȋȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȤ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȒȈȓȐȚȒȖȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ
ȖȋȖȘȖȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȈȌȐȒȖȔ ȌȖȔȈ ǬȐȘȍȒȚȖȘ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȕȧȚ — ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȓ
șȘȖȟȕțȦ ȗȖȟȚț ǵȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȏȈȧȊȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȕțȎȕȖ ȕȍ-

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ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȊȐȌȈȚȤșȧ ș ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȔ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȖȊȣȔ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȗțșȚȐȓȐ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ
ǺȖȊ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȖȊ șȐȌȍȓ ȏȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȔ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȔ șȚȖȓȖȔ
ȏȈȊȈȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȉțȔȈȋȈȔȐ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȎȐȓȖȑ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȐșȚȣȑ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒ ȉȣȊȠȐȑ ȖȚȒȈȚȟȐȒ ȥȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȘȈȏȘȈȉȖȚȒȐ ȍȌȐȕȖȋȓȈșȕȖ
ȊȣȉȘȈȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘȈ ȖȉȡȐȔ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍȔ ȠȈȝȚȍȘȖȊ ǬȍȘ-
ȎȈ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ ȕȍȘȈșȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȕȖȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ Ȗȕ ȊȖȗȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȍȓ
ȕȈ ȊȖȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ
— ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȍȓȖ — ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȧ ȥȚȐ
șȓȖȊȈ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ Ȋȏȧȓ ț șȚȍȕȣ ȕȍȒȘȈȠȍȕȣȑ ȚȈȉțȘȍȚ Ȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȌȊȐȕțȊ ȍȋȖ Ȓ șȚȖȓț șȍȓ
— ǯȕȈȦ ȏȕȈȦ ǹȕȖȊȈ ȗȘȖșȐȚȍ ȗȖȚȖȘȖȗȐȚȤ șȌȈȟț ȅȚȖ
ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ ȏȈȌȈȊȐȓȖ ȖȉȊȈȓȖȔ ǬȈ ȌȈ — ȥȚȐ
țȉȐȑșȚȊȈ ǩȍȌȕȣȑ ǩȈȉȐȕ ǯȕȈȓ ȍȋȖ ǻȊȍȘȧȦ ȊȈș ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ Ȍȍ-
ȓȈȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ șȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȕȈȌȉȈȊȒț DzȖ-
ȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȓȈȚȈ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȕȖ Ȕȣ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓȐșȤ ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ȉțȌȍȚ
ȔȐȚȐȕȋ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ Ȕȣ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ șȗȘȖșȐȔ ȊȈȠȍ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ ǹȈȔȣȑ
Ȏȍ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘ Ȋ ȞȍȕȚȘȍ ȗȖȌȗȐșȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȇ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐȘțȦ Ȋ ǴȖș-
ȒȊț Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȒȖȕȟȍȕȖ ǯȈȊȚȘȈ Ȏȍ ȇ ȐȔȍȦ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȟȚȖ
ȏȈșȍȌȈȕȐȍ Ȋ ǹǺǶ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȖ ȕȈ  ȟȈșȖȊ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȠȕȍȋȖ
Ȍȕȧ ǵț ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣ ȓȐ Ȋȣ" ǵȍȚ? ǺȈȒ ȟȍȋȖ Ȏȍ ȊȈȔ ȕțȎȕȖ Ȋ
ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ"
— ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȖȊ ȔȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ǽȖȚȧ ȚȖ-
Ȏȍ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ șȌȈȟȐ ǻ ȕȈș ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȓȈȌȕȖȍ ȇ ȗȖȌȖ-
ȏȘȍȊȈȦ ȟȚȖ țȉȐȑȞȈ ǩȈȉȐȕȈ — ȕȈȠ ȔȓȈȌȠȐȑ ȒȈșșȐȘ
ǬȐȘȍȒȚȖȘ ȗȘȐȊșȚȈȓ șȖ șȚțȓȈ ȕȖ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȕȍ ȌȈȓ ȍȔț Ȋȣ-
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ
— ǪȣșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǺȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȊȍȘȍȕȖ ȕȖ ȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ țȉȍȎȌȍȕ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ǭșȚȤ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ șȊȧȏȤ ȔȍȎ-
Ȍț ȒȈșșȐȘȖȔ Ȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȈȔȐ ȇ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȖȦșȤ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȒȖȕȚȘ-
ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȔȈȝȐȕȈȞȐȐ
ǷțȚȈȧșȤ Ȑ ȏȈȗȐȕȈȧșȤ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȐȏȓȖȎȐȓ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȐ Ȍȍ-
ȓȈ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȖȊț ȋȘȧȏȕȣȍ ȒȓȖȟȒȐ ȉțȔȈȋȐ Ǫ țȊȓȍ-
ȟȍȕȐȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȔ Ȗȕ ȏȈȉȣȓ șȓțȎȍȉȕțȦ ȌȐșȞȐȗȓȐȕț Ȑ ȗȍȘȍ-
Ƞȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȘȖșȚȖȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍșȒȖȍ «Țȣ» ȟȍȋȖ ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘ ȌȈȎȍ Ȑ
ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȏȈȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȔ ǮȈȘȒȖȊȈ
— ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȖȊ Țȣ șȈȔ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȑ — ȥȚȐȔȐ șȓȖ-
ȊȈȔȐ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓ șȊȖȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ — Ǻȣ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȌȣ

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Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȐșȚȣ țșȚȘȖȐȚȤ ȕȈȔ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȔȍȘȏȖșȚȤ
ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȌșȚȘȈȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȔȍȘȏȖșȚȤ
ǬȐȘȍȒȚȖȘ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȓ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ Ƕȕ ȐȔȍȓ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȖȏȈȉȖȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ Ȑ ȖȚȉȘȖșȐȓ șȊȖȑ șțȝȖȑ ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȑ ȚȖȕ
— ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑ ȟȚȖ ȧ Țȍȉȍ șȒȈȎț ǮȈȘȒȖȊ Țȣ ȖȠȐȉȈȍȠȤ-
șȧ DzȈșșȐȘț ȕȍȏȈȟȍȔ ȉȣȓȖ țȉȐȊȈȚȤ ǩȈȉȐȕȈ ǯȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ǩȈȉȐȕ
ȝȖȚȍȓ Țȍȉȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȚȈȑȕț Ȉ ȒȈșșȐȘ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ?
ǵț ȒȈȒȐȍ ȚȈȑȕȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣȚȤ ț ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȉȘȈȚȈ-ȠȈȝȚȍȘȈ ș Ȑȕ-
ȚȍȓȓȐȋȍȕȚȖȔ" ǷȖȌțȔȈȑ șȈȔ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȥȚȐ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț
ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ Țȍȉȍ — Țȣ ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȕȣȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒ ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ț Țȍȉȧ
ȕȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊ ǰ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒțȦ ȥȚȖ ȐȔȍȍȚ
șȊȧȏȤ șȖ șȌȈȟȍȑ țȟȈșȚȒȈ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍșșȐȦ"
ǬȐȘȍȒȚȖȘ ȊȖȗȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ǮȈȘȒȖȊȈ
— ǵȖ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȑ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȖȊ ǰȔȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ
ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȍȚșȧ ȌȍȓȖ ȇ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ ǩȈȉȐȕ ȏȕȈȓ ȒȈȒțȦ-
ȚȖ ȚȈȑȕț ȒȈșȈȦȡțȦșȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ țȟȈșȚȒȈ Ƕ ȒȈȒȖȔ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȍ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȚ ȥȚȈ ȏȈȗȐșȒȈ" ǵț ȕȍțȎȍȓȐ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȖȚȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȗȖȌȗȐșȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘȈ ȌȖ ȊȣȧșȕȍȕȐȧ ȌȍȓȈ? Ǫ ȞȍȕȚȘ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȌȈȚȤ Țȍȓȍ-
ȋȘȈȔȔț
— ǵȍȓȤȏȧ ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ ȕȈșȚȈȐȊȈȦȚ ȕȈ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȠȕȍȔ Ȍȕȍ
ǶȕȐ ȔȖȋțȚ ȗȍȘȍȌțȔȈȚȤ ǻȟȈșȚȖȒ ȊȍȌȤ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȓȖȝȖȑ
— ȥȚȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȊșȍȔ DzȈȒȈȧ ȚȈȑȕȈ ȒȈșȈȦȡȈȧșȧ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȉȣȚȤ ȏȌȍșȤ" ǵȖȊȈȧ ȉȖȋȈȚȈȧ ȎȐȓȈ" ǵȖ Ȕȣ ȏȕȈȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȍȡȍ șȚȈ-
Șȣȍ ȌȖȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȣȍ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȤȞȣ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȈȓȐ șȊȖȐ ȗȘȈȊȈ
ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȧ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȓȈ ȐȔ ȌȖȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ ȌȍȓȖ
Ǵȣ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȍȔ ȥȚȖ
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȕȖ ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ
ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȊ ȘțȒț Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȖ
— Ǻȣ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ ȗȈȘȍȕȤ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ǵȖ Țȣ ȍȡȍ ȔȖȓȖȌ. Ǻȣ
ȊȣȌțȔȣȊȈȍȠȤ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȈȗȐșȒȐ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖ-
Ȋȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ Ǻȣ — ȜȈȕȚȈȏȍȘ Ǩ ț ȕȈș șțȘȖȊȈȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ ȏȈ Șȣȕ-
ȒȐ ǷȖȌțȔȈȑ — ȔȖȋț ȓȐ ȧ ȉȘȈȚȤ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȚȈȒțȦ ȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȤ — ȘȈșȚȖȘȎȍȕȐȍ ȊȣȋȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȔ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘȈ" ǻ ȕȈș ȕȍȚ
ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ Ǩ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȚȤ ȒȈșșȐȘȈ ȕȍ șȚȖȐȚ
ȗȘȈȊȖ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ șȗȍȞ

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ǬȐȘȍȒȚȖȘ ȖȚȖȠȍȓ Ȓ șȚȖȓț Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȕȕȖȍ
ȌȍȓȖ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ
Ǫ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȐȏȉțȠȒȍ ȖȉȈ ȒȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤȞȈ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖ-
Ȏȍ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȧ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ǵȐȒȚȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȑ ȕȈ
ȒȈșșȐȘȈ ȕȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȖȌȕț ȌȊȍȘȤ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȗȘȐȌȊȐ-
ȕțȓ ȚȈȉțȘȍȚ Ȑ ȚȖȎȍ ȗȘȐȗȈȓ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȓ șȐȕȍȊȈȚȖȔț ȗȖȌȒȘȈ-
ȠȍȕȕȖȔț ȊȍȟȍȘȕȍȑ ȔȋȓȖȑ ȖȒȕț
6. DzȜȚȖȘ Ȑ șȓȟȡ
ǺȈȒ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȖȊ ǹȏȈȌȐ șȓȣȠȈȓȖșȤ ȘȖȊȕȖȍ
ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ șȗȧȡȐȝ ȗȖȌȘȖșȚȒȖȊ Ȑ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȕȖȑ ȚȤȔȣ ȔȍȘȕȖ
Ȑ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖ ȚȐȒȈȓȐ șȚȍȕȕȣȍ ȟȈșȣ ǹȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȊȐșȍȓȖ ȟȍȘȕȖȍ
șțȒȕȖ ȕȖȟȐ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ ȗȘȖȗȖȘȖȚȖȍ ȧȘȒȐȔȐ ȒȊȈȌ-
ȘȈȚȈȔȐ ȖȒȖȕ Ȑ ȌȊțȔȧ ȚțșȒȓȣȔȐ ȓȈȔȗȖȟȒȈȔȐ ȋȖȘȧȡȐȔȐ
ȕȈȌ ȌȊȍȘȤȔȐ ȌȖȔȈ ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ǪȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ
ȥȚȐȝ ȒȊȈȌȘȈȚȖȊ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ȕȈȌ
ȕȐȔ ȔȘȈȒ ǷȖȋȈșȓȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȓȈȔȗȖȟȒȐ ț ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ǰȏ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȖȚȣ ȋȓȧȌȍȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȊȈ ȧȘȒȐȝ ȖȒȕȈ — ȖȒȕȈ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȒȈș-
șȐȘȈ
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȟȈșȣ ǩȣȓȖ ȉȍȏ ȌȍșȧȚȐ ȌȊȈ ǿȍȘȍȏ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȑȚȐ ȚȖ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȔȍȒȈȓȈ
ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȈȧ ȏȈȗȐșȒȈ
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȍȘȍȉȍȎȈȓ țȓȐȞț Ȑ ȓȍȋ
ȕȈ ȔȖȒȘțȦ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȋ ȚȍȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȖȊ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ
ȌȖȔȈ
ǵȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ" ǶȒȕȈ ȒȈșșȐȘȈ ȗȖȚțȝȓȐ ȚȖȎȍ ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ ȕȍ
șȓțȟȐȚșȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ" ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȈȊ ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘ" dzȍȎȈȡȐȑ
ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȍ ȕȈ șȚȣȌ Ȑ ȘȈȏȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ
ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȗȖȓȏȈȍȚ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȋȘțȌȤ
ǵȍȚ" ǬȊȈ ȒȊȈȌȘȈȚȈ șȕȖȊȈ ȧȘȒȖ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓȐ ȕȈȊȍȘȝț ǶȗȧȚȤ
ȔȘȈȒ ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȒȊȈȌȘȈȚȣ ǹȐȋȕȈȓȐȏȈȞȐȧ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȊȍșȤ ȗȖȌȖ-
ȉȘȈȓșȧ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȒȈȒ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȏȈȉȐȓȖșȤ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ Ȑ ȊșȍȔț Țȍȓț
ȊȌȘțȋ șȚȈȓȖ ȚȍȗȓȖ ȕȈ ȔȖȒȘȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ

32
Ǫ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ ȠȖȘȖȝ ǵȈ
țȓȐȞț ȊȣșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȈ șȔțȚȕȈȧ ȏȈȒțȚȈȕȕȈȧ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȍ ȜȐȋțȘȈ
Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȣȔ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȔ ȠȈȋȖȔ ȊȘȍȏȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȕȖȟȕȖȑ ȔȘȈȒ
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ Ƞȍȓ șȏȈȌȐ ǹțȌȧ ȗȖ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȠȈ-
ȋț ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧȔ Ȑ ȗȖ ȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȔȧȋȒȖȔț ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȖȕȐ ȊșȚțȗȐ-
ȓȐ Ȋ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȓȍșȖȒ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȠȈȋȈȝ Ȋ ȚȘȍȝșȚȈȝ ȖȚ
ȗȖșȍȓȒȈ ǰȌțȡȐȑ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȍȌȊȈ țșȗȍȓ
ȘȈșȚȧȕțȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȔȠȐșȚȖȑ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖȑ șțȟȤȧȔȐ ȏȍȔȓȍ
ǴȘȈȒ ȗȘȖȘȍȏȈȓ ȎȍȓȚȣȑ ȋȓȈȏ ȜȖȕȈȘȧ ǶȚȌȍȓȐȊȠȐșȤ ȖȚ
ȟȍȘȕȣȝ șȚȊȖȓȖȊ Ȓ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖȔț ȒȈșșȐȘț ȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ ȌȊȍ
ȚȍȕȐ ǮȍȓȚȣȑ ȓțȟ șȕȖȊȈ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓ ȗȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧȔ
ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȌȠȐȝ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȕȈ ȖȚȘȣȊȐș-
ȚȖȔ ȋȖȘȚȈȕȕȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ DzȈșșȐȘ
șȌȍȓȈȓ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ
— Dz ȟȍȘȚț ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ Ǫȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ
ȕȈ ȕȍȔ
ǵȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ șȗȘȈȊȈ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȗȖ-ȘțșșȒȐ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȕȈȠ ȧȏȣȒ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȍȍ ǴȖȋțȚ ȗȖȌ-
șȓțȠȈȚȤ Ǫȣ șȈȔȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ
ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȊȈȔȐ ǵț Ȋ ȗțȚȤ
ǼȖȕȈȘȕȣȑ ȓțȟ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȏȈȌȊȐȋȈȓșȧ ȊȌȈȓȤ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȔțȡȍȕȕȣȑ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȞȈ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ șȏȈȌȐ
ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȖȕȐ ȏȕȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȓȍȌȐȚ ȏȈ ȒȈșșȐȘȖȔ ǶȋȖ ȕțȎȕȖ
ȉȣȚȤ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȍȍ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȊȌȘțȋ ȊȣȘȖșȓȐ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȖȑ ȐȏȉțȠȒȐ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȕȖȑ șȚȊȖȓȈȔȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ ǺȘȖȍ ȊȖȠȓȐ
Ȋ ȕȍȍ ȗȘȐȚȊȖȘȐȊ ȌȊȍȘȤ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ șȕȈȘțȎȐ
ǵȍ ȚȍȘȧȧ ȕȐ ȔȐȕțȚȣ Ȗȕ ȏȈȕȧȓșȧ ȖșȔȖȚȘȖȔ ȝȐȎȐȕȣ ǿȍ-
Șȍȏ ȏȈȉȐȚȖȍ ȌȖșȒȈȔȐ ȖȒȕȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȐȌȕȈ ȍȍ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ șȓȈ-
ȉȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȈȧ șȐȕȐȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȊȏȖȠȍȌȠȍȑ ȓțȕȣ ǵȐȒȖȋȖ Ǫșȍ
ȚȘȖȍ ȊȖȠȍȌȠȐȍ Ȋ ȌȖȔ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ țȝȊȈ-
ȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȠȍȘȠȈȊțȦ ȘțȟȒț «ȕȈȋȈȕȈ» ȏȈ ȗȈȏțȝȖȑ Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ
ȌȊȍȘȤ
ǷțșȚȖ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ Ȑ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ǹȗȘȧȚȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȕȍȋȌȍ Ƕȕ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȓ Ȋ ȌȊțȝ ȠȈȋȈȝ
ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ șȒȊȖȏȐȓȖ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȍ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȖȑ
ȊȗțșȒȕȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȐ

33
ǯȈ ȌȊȍȘȤȦ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖȒȈȚȖ șȗțșȒȈȦȡȈȧșȧ ȊȕȐȏ ȓȍșȚ-
ȕȐȞȈ ǷȖȌ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍȑ — țȏȒȐȑ țȝȖȌȧȡȐȑ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȒȖȘȐ-
ȌȖȘǮȈȘȒȖȊ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ ȊȣȚȧȕțȊ ȘțȒȐ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
ȕȈȡțȗȣȊȈȧ ȗȖȓ ȕȖșȒȖȔ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȕȖȋȐ ȀȈȋȖȊ ș ȗȖȓșȖȚȕȐ Ȋșȍ
ȠȓȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ǷȖȚȖȔ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȖȚȠȈȚȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ țȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ȒȘȐȒȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋȈ ȕȍ ȕȈȡțȗȈȓȈ ȗȖȓȈ — Ȗȕ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ
ȕȈȌ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȖȑ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤȦ
ǸȈșȚȧȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȓț ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚț ȗȘȈ-
ȊțȦ ȘțȒț ǸțȒȈ ȌȖșȚȈȓȈ ȌȕȖ dzȈȌȕȖ Ƕȕ ȓȍȋȒȖ șȗȘȣȋȕțȓ ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ
șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȗȖ ȚȍȔȕȖȔț ȕȐȏȒȖȔț ȗȘȖȝȖȌț ȐȌțȡȍȔț ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ȕȈȒȓȖȕȕȖ ȊȊȍȘȝ ǵȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȖșȤ ȋȖ-
ȘȈȏȌȖ ȌȖȓȤȠȍ
Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȈȓșȧ ȏȈȎȍȟȤ șȗȐȟȒț Ȑ ȉȘȍȓ ȕȈțȋȈȌ Ȋșȍ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
Ȑ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ǷȘȖȝȖȌ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȋșȍ țȎȍ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ
ȗȖȓȏȚȐ ȕȈ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȍȕȤȒȈȝ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȓȍȎȈ Ƕȕ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȏȈȋȓț-
ȠȈȓ ȠțȔȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȑ ǵȖ șȒȖȘȖ ȍȔț ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȘȈș-
ȒȈȧȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȕȍȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȔȐ ȉȓȍșȕțȓ ȧȘȒȐȑ șȊȍȚ Ȑ Ȋ țȠȈȝ ȏȈȋȘȍȔȍȓ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȑ ȖȚȘȣ-
ȊȐșȚȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș
7. ǾȎȟȟȘȎȕ ȘȎȟȟȖȞȎ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȖȋȈȚȖ ȖȉșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈ ș ȗȖȓȖȔ ȗȖȒȘȣ-
ȚȣȔ ȗȍșȚȘȣȔ ȒȖȊȘȖȔ ș ȔȍȝȈȔȐ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȈȝ Ȑ ȟȍȚȣȘȤȔȧ ȒȘȍș-
ȓȈȔȐ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȒȘțȋȓȖȋȖ șȚȖȓȈ ǵȈ ȚȘȍȝ ȒȘȍșȓȈȝ
șȐȌȍȓȐ ȚȘȖȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ șȒȘȣȊȠȐȍșȧ ș ȋȓȈȏ ǮȈȘȒȖȊȈ ǵȈ
ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȖȔ — ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ șȖȊșȍȔ șȍȌȖȑ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ
ȋȓȈȊȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȑ ȌȍȓȍȋȈȞȐȐ DzȈșșȐȘ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ Ȑ ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȕȖ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ Ǫșȍ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓțȠȈȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȊȕȐ-
ȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ ȒȘțȋȓȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ș ȐșȗȈȟ-
ȒȈȕȕȣȔ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȊȠȍȑșȧ Ȑ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ șȕȖȊȈ
șȒȘȣȊȠȍȑșȧ Ȋ ȊȣșȖȒȖȔ ȗȖȓțȒȘțȋȓȖȔ ȎȍȘȓȍ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȕȖȋȖ ȒȈ-
ȔȐȕȈ

35
Ǫȣ țȎȍ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ țȟȈșȚȖȒ ȕȈȒȓȍȊȍȚȈȓȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ
ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ To ȍșȚȤ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ Ǫ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȘȈȏȘȈȉȖȚȒȐ
Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȔȈȓȖȌȖȝȖȌȕȣȔ ǹȖȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȧ
ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȐșȚȖȊ
ǬȐȘȍȒȚȖȘȖȔ ȉȣȓ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȤȞȍȊ — ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘ — țȔ-
ȕȣȑ ȕȍȋȖȌȧȑ ǪȖȚ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȗȖȌșȚȘȖȐȓ Ȋșȍ ȌȍȓȖ
ǷȍȘȊȣȍ ȌȊȍ ȠȈȝȚȣ ȗȘȖȘȣȓȐ ȏȘȧ — ȋȌȍ ȗȖȗȈȓȖ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ
ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȌȍȓȖ — șȚȈȓ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡțȦ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȒț ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȕȈȚȒȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ ȎȐȓț ȈȕȚȘȈȞȐȚȈ — țȋȓȧ ȊȣșȠȍȋȖ
ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȈ
Ǫȍȓȍȓ Ȗȕ ȕȍȊȌȈȓȍȒȍ ȖȚ ȎȐȓȣ ȕȖȊțȦ ȠȈȝȚț ȊȣȘȣȚȤ ǶȚ
ȠȈȝȚȣ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȉȖȒȖȊȖȑ ȠȚȘȍȒ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȕȈȌ ȏȈȓȍȎȤȦ ǰȏ
ȥȚȖȋȖ ȠȚȘȍȒȈ Ȋȍȓȍȓ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ șȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȏȈȉȖȑ Ȋ șȈȔțȦ ȎȐȓț
ǭȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȝȖȚȍȓ țȉȍȌȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ țȋȓȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȏȘȧ ȕȍ ȔȖ-
ȠȍȕȕȐȟȈȚȤ ǽȖȘȖȠȐȑ țȋȖȓȤ Ȑ ȏȈȉȖȑ șȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓȐ ȚȈȔ Ȏȍ,
ȗȖȓ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ Ȉ ȕȈȘțȎț ȊȣȚȈșȒȐȊȈȓȐ ȊșȧȒțȦ ȌȘȧȕȤ — ȍȡȍ ȝț-
Ȏȍ ȟȍȔ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȠȈȝȚȈȝ
ǷȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ Ȓ ȟȍȔț Ȗȕ Ȋȍȓ ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȈȧ ȟȈșȚȐȟȒȈ ȗȘȈȊ ȕȈ ȊȍșȤ țȟȈșȚȖȒ Ǩ Ȗȕ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȏȈ-
ȊȓȈȌȍȚȤ ȊșȍȔȐ ȗȘȈȊȈȔȐ șȚȈȚȤ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȤȞȍȔ
ǵțȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ țȉȍȌȐȚȤ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȗȈȑȡȐȒȖȊ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖȌȕȖșȚȐ țȟȈ-
șȚȒȈ Ȑ șȒțȗȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȉȍșȞȍȕȖȒ ǪȖȚ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȈȋȐȚȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ
Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ șȔȣșȓȍ ǪȓȈȌȍȓȤȞȣ-ȚȖ ȍȔț ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȌȖȊȍȘȧȓȐ Ǭȓȧ ȊȐ-
ȌȈ șȊȖȑ ȗȈȑ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȘȖȌȈȓ ȗȖȌșȚȈȊȕȖȔț ȓȐȞț ǿȍȘȍȏ ȚȈ-
ȒȐȝ Ȏȍ șȊȖȐȝ ȈȋȍȕȚȖȊ șȒțȗȈȓ Ȑ ȟțȎȐȍ ȗȈȐ
ǬȍȓȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȟȚȖ șȓȈȌȐȓȖșȤ ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘ țȎȍ
ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȟȚȖ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȍȘȖȔ ǵȖ ȌȖȊȍșȚȐ ȌȖ
ȒȖȕȞȈ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȧȚȐȍ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ǸȈȏȘȈȏȐȓȈșȤ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȧ
ǵțȎȕȖ ȊȈȔ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘ ȉȣȓ ȕȈ ȘȍȌȒȖșȚȤ Șȍ-
ȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ Ȑ ȝȘȈȉȘȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ DzȖȋȌȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȘȍȒȊȐ-
ȊȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȌȖȔ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȍȍ, Ȗȕ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ ȏȈȡȐȡȈȚȤșȧ —
țȉȐȓ ȚȘȖȐȝ Ȑȏ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȈ Ȉ ȗȖșȓȍ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ țȉȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ǩ
ȗȘȖȉȕȈȧ ȠȈȝȚȈ Ȋ ȈȕȚȘȈȞȐȚȍ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȑ ȕȐ-
ȒȖȔț ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ ȋȓȈȊȕțȦ ȠȈȝȚț țȋȓțȉȐȓȐ șȚȈȓȐ
ȒȖȗȈȚȤ ȕȐȎȍ
ǩȣȓ ȖȌȐȕ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȓȣȠȈȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘ ǴȐȘȞȍȊ ǹȖȊȍȚșȒȐȑ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘ ǻȌȈȓȖșȤ ȍȔț

șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȕȈȚȒȕțȚȤșȧ ȕȈ șȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȏȈȉȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȘȈșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ șȓțȟȐȓșȧ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȏȘȣȊ
Ƕ ȊȏȘȣȊȍ Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ǹȗȈșȓȐșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȊȖȍ — ǴȐȘȞȍȊ Ȑ
ǩȈȉȐȕ ǴȐȘȞȍȊ țȔȍȘ ș ȋȖȓȖȌț ǷȍȘȍȌ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ țș-
ȗȍȓ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȟȍȘȚȍȎ — Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ, ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ — Ȑ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌȈȓ ǩȈȉȐȕț ȒȈȒ ȗȍȘȊȖȔț ȊșȚȘȍȟȕȖȔț Ǩ ǩȈȉȐȕ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȒȖ
Ȕȕȍ.ǷȘȐȠȍȓ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȖȊȍȚȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ǩȖȘȔȖȟȍȚ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȚȍșȕȧȍȚ-
șȧ ǶȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ — ȝȖȟȍȚ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȗȓȈȕ șȖȊȍȚșȒȖȔț ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖ-
Șț ȕȖ ȕȍ ȌȈȘȖȔ Ȉ ȏȈ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȕȈȋȘȈȌț ǽȖȟȍȚ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȗȖ-
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȒȈȒ șȖ șȚȈȘȣȔ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔ
ǵț ȧ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȚȈȒ Ȑ șȧȒ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ țȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ
ǷȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȚȘțȌȕȖȊȈȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǩȣȓȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȟȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȒȓȈșșȖȊȖȍ — ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȘșȒȖȍ ©ǽȖȟț — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ —șȊȖȐȔ
ȖȚȌȈȚȤ». — ǬȈ ȖȕȐ Țȍȉȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȧȚ ©ǵȍȚ ȝȖȟț» DzȖȘȖȟȍ
ȋȖȊȖȘȧ țȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȧ ȍȋȖ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȞȣ
șȊȖȍȑ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ ǩȖȋȈȚșȚȊȖȔ ȧ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȔȈȕȐȓ ǹȖȋȓȈșȐȓȐșȤ
Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȉȣȓȤ ș ȚȈȑȕȣ ȗȖȗȖȓȈȔ ȗȖȌȍȓȐȚȤ ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ș șȖȉȖȑ Ȏȍ
Ȑ ȗȓȈȕ ȉȣȓ
ǹȈȔȖȍ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȟȍȘȚȍȎȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȧ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ
ȘțȒȈȝ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȌȖ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖșȚȐ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȎȐȓț Ȑ ȕȍ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȍȍ
ǴȐȘȞȍȊ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȕȈȚȒȕțȓșȧ Ȉ ȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȖ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȔț ȠȚȘȍ-
Ȓț ȋȖȌ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȈ ȅȚȖ ȧ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȤ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȞȍȕȕȈȧ ȠȚțȒȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȘȈșșȒȈ-
Ȏț ȗȖȟȍȔț ȧ țȉȐȓ ǩȈȉȐȕȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȐȓȖ ȘȍȠȐȓ Ȗȕ ȗȖȒȈȧȚȤșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ.
ǬȈȊȕȖ țȎ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǷȘȖȓȍȚȈȘșȒȈȧ șȖ-
ȊȍșȚȤ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȓȐ ȔțȟȐȓȈ ǵț Ȋ șȈȔȣȑ ȊȈȎȕȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȧ Ȋșȍ-
ȚȈȒȐ ȊȔȍȠȈȓșȧ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȏȈȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ ȌȖșȚȈȚȤ
ȝȘȈȕȐȓșȧ-ȚȖ Ȗȕ ț ȓȈȊȖȟȕȐȞȣ ǩȣȓ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȔȍȚȍ ȖȌȐȕ
ȉȘȖȌȧȋȈ ȚȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ Ȍȕȧȝ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞȍ țȔȍȘ ǷȖȠȓȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ
ǷȖȒȈ Ȗȕ ș ȓȈȊȖȟȕȐȞȍȑ ȊȖȏȐȓșȧ ȧ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ ȌȖșȚȈȓ ǪȖȚ
ȥȚȖȚ
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37
8. ǰ ȕȎȝȎȒțȓ
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ Ȋȣȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȑ ȏȈșȈȌȣ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȋ Țț ȔȐȕțȚț
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȈșșȐȘ Ȋȣȕțȓ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ șȓȖȎȍȕȕțȦ ȊȟȍȚ-
ȊȍȘȖ ȉțȔȈȋț Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȍȍ ȕȈ șȚȖȓ ǺȘȐ ȎȈȌȕȣȝ ȘțȒȐ șȘȈȏț
ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖȔț ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚț ǵȖ ȒȈșșȐȘ ȏȕȈȓ ș
ȒȍȔ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȌȍȓȖ ǷȘȐȎȈȊ ȓȖȒȚȍȔ ȉțȔȈȋț Ȗȕ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ
șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒȖȊ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ
— ǬȍȕȤȋȐ ȕȈ șȚȖȓ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ ǬȍȕȤȋȐ ȐȓȐ ȧ ȗȘȧȟț ȉțȔȈȋț
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȎȍȓȚȖȍ șțȝȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ-ȈȕȋȓȐ-
ȟȈȕȐȕȈ ȗȖȒȘȣȓȖșȤ ȒȐȘȗȐȟȕȣȔȐ ȗȧȚȕȈȔȐ Ƕȕ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ Ȑȏ
ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȚȖȓșȚțȦ ȗȈȟȒț Ȑ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ ȗȘȖșȟȐȚȈȊ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ ȒȈș-
șȐȘț ǩțȔȈȋȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȒțȗȓȍȕȈ ǺȘȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȕȈȋȕțȓȐșȤ ȕȈȌ șȚȖ-
ȓȖȔ ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ, Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȓțȟȠȍ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ Ȑȏ
ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ ȏȈȎȍȋ șȗȐȟȒț ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȧ ȍȦ ȕȈȌ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖ-
șȚȤȦ ȟȍȘȚȍȎȈ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȧȡȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȟȍȘȚȍȎ ȉȣȓ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȕ ǹȍȌȖȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ
ȊșȚȈȓ ș ȒȘȍșȓȈ
— ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȣ Ȕȣ ȔȖȎȍȔ șȟȐȚȈȚȤ
șȌȍȓȒț ȏȈȒȖȕȟȍȕȕȖȑ ǵȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȘȈșȝȖȌȐȚȤșȧ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȓȈȋȈȦ ȊșȍȔ ȊȣȗȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȗȘȖȞȊȍȚȈȕȐȍ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ Ȑ ȏȈ ȋȐȉȍȓȤ
ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȝ ȒȖȔȔțȕȐșȚȖȊ Ǫȣ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ, ș țȌȖȊȖȓȤ-
șȚȊȐȍȔ ȗȘȐșȖȍȌȐȕȐȚȍșȤ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț ȗȖȎȍȓȈȕȐȦ"
ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȖȚȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȚȖȧȓ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ
ȘȍȏȕȖȑ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȖȒ ș ȉțȚȣȓȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖșțȌȖȑ Ƕȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȕȈȗȖȓ-
ȕȧȚȤ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȖȑ ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȤȦ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ șȚȈȒȈȕȈ DzȈș-
șȐȘ șȐȌȍȓ șȗȐȕȖȑ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȉ ȖȉȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕȈ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȕȍ
ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ șȚȈȒȈȕȖȊ ȉȍȓȍȓȈ ȡȍȗȖȚȒȈ
ȗȖȘȖȠȒȈ ȉȍșșȓȍȌȕȖ ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ Ȋ ȕȈȗȐȚȒȍ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȊ-
ȠȍȔ șȚȈȒȈȕ ǵȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȐȔȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȥȚȖȚ șȚȈȒȈȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȍȗȖȌȕȍșȍȕ ȕȍȘȊȕȐ-
ȟȈȦȡȍȔț ȒȈșșȐȘț ǹȚȈȒȈȕȣ ȖȗțșȚȍȓȐ Ȑ ȉȣȓȐ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍ-
ȕȣ ȕȈ ȉȖȒȖȊȖȑ șȚȖȓ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȒȈșșȐȘ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ șȐȌȧȡȐȑ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȍ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȓșȧ Ȑ țșȚȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ șȚȈȘȖȔț ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕț ǺȖȚ șȗȖȒȖȑ-

38
ȕȖ țȓȣȉȈȓșȧ ȕȍ ȖȗțșȒȈȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȍȘȖȋȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈ DzȈșșȐȘ ȒȖ-
ȘȖȚȒȖ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȑ șȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȏȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț
— ǷȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȍ Ǫȣ ȖȚȘȈȊȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ǫȣ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȏȈȉȘȈȚȤ
ȕȈȏȈȌ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ
— ǻșȗȖȒȖȑȚȍșȤ șȥȘ — Ǫ ȊȐȌȍ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȈȕȋȓȐ-
ȟȈȕȐȕ ȊșȚȈȓ ȏȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȔ ȒȘȍșȓȖȔ — ȅȚȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖ șȖȕȕȣȑ ȗȖ-
ȘȖȠȖȒ Ǫȣ ȗȘȖșȗȐȚȍ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ȗȖȒȈ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȗȐȠȍȔ ȌȖȋȖ-
ȊȖȘ ǿȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȓȐȠȕȐȝ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ ǪȈȠȐ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȗș-
ȚȈȕțȚșȧ ȗȘȐ ȊȈș
DzȈșșȐȘ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȟȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȊȖ ȊșȦ
ȌȓȐȕț ȘȈșȚȧȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȔȧȋȒȖȔ ȒȖȊȘȍ ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ
șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȗȖȗȣȝȐȊȈȧ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȚȘțȉȒȈȔȐ ǷȖ-
ȚȖȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ Ȑ ȗȖȕȍșȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ
DzȖȔȕȈȚȈ ȖȗțșȚȍȓȈ Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ ȘȈșȚȘțȉȍ ȒȈ-
ȔȐȕȈ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉȍȓȖȍ Ȑ ȊȣȔȈȏȈȕȕȣȑ Ȋ șȈȎȍ Ȑ ȗȣȓȐ
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȠȈȋȕțȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ șȘȈȏț ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ șȚȖȓț ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȍȡȍ ȓȍȎȈȓ
ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȑ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ țȠȍȌ-
ȠȐȔȐ ǪȖȚ ȖȕȈ — ȚȈ ȉțȔȈȎȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȌȈșȚ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȈ
ǹȖȊȍȚșȒȖȑ ǸȖșșȐȐ Ƕȕ ȌȍȘȎȐȚ ȍȍ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ Ƕȕ șȍȑȟȈș țȕȍșȍȚ
ȍȍ ǵȖ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȕțȎȕȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȚȤ Ǩȝ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȉȍȓȍȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗțșȚȖȑ ȓȐșȚ dzȐșȚ ȉȍȏ
ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȏȕȈȒȖȊ Ȑ ȕȈȌȗȐșȍȑ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȗȘȖȚȍȘ ȋȓȈȏȈ — ȚȖ Ȏȍ șȈ-
ȔȖȍ ǷȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓ ȓȐșȚ — Ȑ ȕȈ ȖȉȖȘȖȚȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
ǯȕȈȟȐȚ, Ȗȕ ȖȠȐȉșȧ — ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ ȊȈȧȓȐ ȟȍȘȚȍȎ ș șȖȉȖȑ ǵȈ
șȚȖȓȍ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȓȐșȚ
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȗȘȐșȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȘȍșȓȖ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ șȕȖȊȈ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ ȖȚ ȕȖ-
ȊȖȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐ ǶȕȐ ȕȈȘȖȟȕȖ ȏȈȔȈȕȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ șȦȌȈ ȖȕȐ
ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȍȋȖ șȐȌȧȡȍȋȖ Ȋ ȒȈȔȐȕȍ ǹȍȑȟȈș ȖȕȐ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ,
ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȦȚ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓ țȉȐȑȞȈ-ȒȈșșȐȘ ȏȈ
țȔȐȘȈȦȡȐȔ ǩȈȉȐȕȣȔ ǵȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȍșȚȤ ȖȘțȎȐȍ ǯȌȍșȤ, ȏȈ ȗȈȏț-
ȝȖȑ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȠȍȊȍȓȤȕțȓ ȘțȒȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȒȘȖȊȤ
ȖȚȝȓȣȕțȓȈ ȖȚ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ Ȉ ȕȖȋȐ șȘȈȏț ȖȚȧȎȍȓȍȓȐ — ȕȈȋȈȕȈ ȕȍ
ȉȣȓȖ Ƕȕ ȊȣȘȖȕȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȧșȤ ȗȖ ȚȍȔȕȖȔț ȗȖȌȏȍȔȍȓȤȦ
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȒȈȔȐȕț Ȑ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȓ ȊȕțȚȘȤ; ȗȖșȓȍȌ-
ȕȍȍ Ȑ șȈȔȖȍ ȝțȌȠȍȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȍ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȣȊȈȓȖșȤ — ȊȔȍșȚȖ
ȌȓȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȧ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȈ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȒȈȔȐȕȈ ȘȈșșȣȗȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȘȖȊȕȈȧ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȍȔȈȧ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȈȧ ȖȉȠȐȊȒȈ

39
ǪȓȍȏȈȧ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț, Ȗȕ ȕȈȌȈȊȐȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȘȣȟȈȋ Ȑ ȗȖȚȈȑ-
ȕȈȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȖȚȘȍȏȈȊ ȍȔț ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȗțȚȤ Ȓ șȗȈșȍ-
ȕȐȦ
9. ǺȖȠȖțȑ
ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ țȚȘȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ Ȋ ȠȈȝȚȈȝ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓȐșȤ
ȊȖȊșȍ ȀȈȝȚȍȘȣ șȗȈȓȐ ȌȖȓȤȠȍ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ȊșȚȈȊ
ȗȘȐȕȈȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȍ Ȑ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȍ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȠȐ-
ȘȖȒȖȑ țȓȐȞȍ ȗȖșȍȓȒȈ ǻ Ȋșȍȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȈȏȌ-
ȕȐȟȕȖȍ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ ǫȖȚȖȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȔȐȚȐȕȋț ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȖȔț
ȕȈ  ȟȈșȖȊ țȚȘȈ ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȎȌȈȓȐ ȖȚ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȒȓȈȌȈ
— Ȗ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȠȈȝȚ Ȑ Ȗ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȟȍ Ȑȝ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȈȔ
ǵȖ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȒțȟȒȍ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ țȎ ȟȍȘȍșȟțȘ ȖȎȐȊ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ ǪȖȒȘțȋ ȌȊțȝ ȗȖȌȘȖșȚȒȖȊ — DzȐȔȈ Ȑ ǪȐȚȤȒȐ —
șȖȉȘȈȓȈșȤ ȞȍȓȈȧ ȚȖȓȗȈ ǵȐȏȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǴȐȚȤȒȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈȏȔȈ-
ȝȐȊȈȓ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȕȖ ȈȋȐȚȐȘȖȊȈȓ șȖȉȘȈȊȠȐȝșȧ
— Ƕȉȡȍȍ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȊȣșȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȗȍȘȍȌȈ-
ȟȐ ȠȈȝȚ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ Ǫ ǴȖșȒȊȍ ȗȖȑȔțȚ ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ
ȋȖȚȖȊȧȚ ȕȈȔ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȒȊȍȘȕȖȍ ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ
— ǬȈ ȟȚȖ șȒȊȍȘȕȖȍ-ȚȖ" ǿȚȖ ȗȓȖȝȖȑ țȟȈșȚȖȒ ț ȕȈș ȉȍȘțȚ"
— ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȓȐ ȒȘțȋȖȔ
— ǮȈȘȒȖȊȈ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ" ǹȗȘȖșȐ ț ȕȍȋȖ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȊȟȍȘȈ ț ȌȐ-
ȘȍȒȚȖȘȈ ǺȖȚ ȍȔț ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓ — ȕț, ȌȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȒȈȎȍȚ ȗȖȌ-
ȗȐȠȍȔ țșȓȖȊȐȍ — ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȧȚȐȚȤșȧ ȅȝ ȏȈȒȘțȟȐȊȈȦȚ
ȕȈș ȉțȘȎțȐ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȗȈȓȤȞȈ Ȉ Ȕȣ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȍȔ
ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȠȈȝȚȍȘ șȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ǴȐȚȤȒȐ ȖȚȖȠȍȓ ȕȍ-
ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȟȍșȣȊȈȧșȤ Ƕȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȈȘȍȕȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ
ȌȍȓȖ ȕȖ ȐȔȍȓ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ șȟȍȚ șȊȖȐ ȔȣșȓȐ
— ǵȍȚ ǷȖȘȈ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȈȚȤșȧ ș ȖȒȈȧȕȕȣȔ țȟȈșȚȒȖȔ ǽȖȘȖȠȖ
ȍȡȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȠȓȐșȤ ȎȍȓȈȦȡȐȍ DzȈȎȌțȦ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȗȖ ȕȍșȟȈ-
șȚȤȦ ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ǪȖȚ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ țȟȈșȚȖȒ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȈȊȈȓ
ȗȘȐȉȣȓȤ — ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋșȍ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȉȣȓȐ șȖȋȓȈșȕȣ șȖ șȚȈȘȣȔ
ȠȈȝȚȍȘȖȔ

40
ǶȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȔȐȚȐȕȋȖȊȣȑ ȏȈȓ țȎȍ Ȓ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȍ ȌȍȊȧȚȖȋȖ
ȉȣȓ ȕȈȉȐȚ ȕȈȘȖȌȖȔ ǹȚȖȧȓȐ ȔȍȎȌț șȒȈȔȤȧȔȐ Ȋ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȈȝ
șȏȈȌȐ ǸȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȌȍȊȧȚȤ ȕȈ șȞȍȕȍ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȕȣȔȐ ȧȘȒȐȔȐ
ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȈȔȐ ȊȖȎȌȍȑ, ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȖȘȈȚȖȘȣ — ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǴȈȘȚȤȧ-
ȕȖȊ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȈ ǮȍȕȖȚȌȍȓȈ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȐ ȠȈȝȚ-
ȒȖȔȖȊ Ȑ ȖȝȘȈȕȣ ȚȘțȌȈ
ǹȘȍȌȐ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȚȐȠȐȕȣ șȓȖȊȖ Ȋȏȧȓ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȖȊ
— ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ț ȕȈș ȘȍȠȈȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ǯȈȊȚȘȈ Ȋ
ǴȖșȒȊȍ șȖșȚȖȐȚșȧ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ șȖȊȍȡȈȕȐȍ ȗȖ ȗȖȊȖȌț ȗȍȘȍȌȈ-
ȟȐ țȟȈșȚȒȈ Ǵȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȊȣșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȗȖȊȖȌț ȕȈȠȍ
ȔȕȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț Ȋ ǹǺǶ
ǻȟȈșȚȖȒ ȕȈȠ ȗȓȖȝȖȑ ȗȘȐ Ȋșȍȝ țșȐȓȐȧȝ ȌȈȍȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ 
ȕȖȘȔȣ ǬȊȍ ȠȈȝȚȣ ȕȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦȚ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȏȈȗȈșȖȊ ȕȍ
ȗȘȍȌȊȐȌȐȚșȧ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȖȒ ȕȍ ȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȕȖ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȐ
șȚȈȘȣȝ ȟȈșȚȕȣȝ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȤȞȈȝ Ȋșȍ ȎȐȓȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣ ǪȖȚ
ȜȈȒȚȣ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ǷȘȖȠț ȊȣșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤșȧ
ǵȈ șȞȍȕț ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ șȍȌȖȑ șȋȖȘȉȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȠȈȝȚȍȘ-ȖȚȒȈȚ-
ȟȐȒ Ƕȕ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȗȓȖȝ
țȋȖȓȤ Ƕȕ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ ȏȌȍșȤ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ Ȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ șȓȣ-
ȠȈȓ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȉȓȐȏȖșȚȐ ȍșȚȤ ȓțȟȠȐȍ ȗȖȘȖȌȣ Ƕȕ șȟȐȚȈȍȚ,
ȟȚȖ țȟȈșȚȖȒ ȕțȎȕȖ șȌȈȚȤ ǹȚȈȘȐȒ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ș ȥșȚȘȈȌȣ țșȚț-
ȗȈȧ ȔȍșȚȖ ȌȘțȋȖȔț ȘȈȉȖȟȍȔț
ǪȚȖȘȖȑ ȊȣșȒȈȏȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ Ȍțȝȍ ǺȘȍȚȐȑ ȚȖȎȍ Ǩ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȣȑ ȌȖȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȚȖȓȗȈ șȏȈȌȐ ȏȈȒȖ-
ȓȣȝȈȓȈșȤ ȗȘȖȗțșȒȈȧ ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ǫȘȧȏ-
ȕȣȑ Ȋ ȐȏȖȘȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȖȌȍȎȌȍ Ȗȕ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȊȏȖȉȘȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȍȌȈȚȍȓȤșȒȖȔț șȚȖȓț
— ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ țȟȈșȚȖȒ șȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ǯȌȍșȤ ȍșȚȤ ȉȖȋȈ-
ȚȈȧ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈȧ ȏȈȓȍȎȤ ǪȟȍȘȈ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȍ ȟȍȘȚȍȎ
ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ ȝȖȚȧȚ ȖȉȔȈȕțȚȤ ȕȈș DzȈșșȐȘ
ǮȈȘȒȖȊȈ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȓ ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘ
— ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȟȍȔ Ȋȣ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȚȤ șȊȖȐ
șȓȖȊȈ" ǯȌȍșȤ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȈȎ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈ Ǫȣ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ
ȊȈȔ ȕȈ șȓȖȊȖ DzȈȒȐȍ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ șȊȖȐ ȖȒȘȖȊȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ
— ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȚ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊ ȇ șȈȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȟȚȖ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ ǷȖȗȈȓ Ȋ ȓȖȊțȠȒț ȍȓȍ țșȗȍȓ țȌȘȈȚȤ

DzȈșșȐȘ ȗȘȖȌȈȓ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȈȔ ȗȓȈȕ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȒȖȗȐ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ Ǫȣ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȧ ȕȍ șȚȈȕț ȊȘȈȚȤ ȇ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȊȈȔ — ȕȍ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȑȚȍ
Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍșșȐȦ ȥȚȖȚ țȟȈșȚȖȒ
Ǫ ȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȏȈȓȍ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȊȏȖȘȊȈȓȈșȤ ȉȖȔȉȈ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ Țȣșȧȟ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȖȊșȒȈȒȈȓȖ ș ȔȍșȚ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȕȖ ȌȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ
ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț Ȑ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȧ ȒȘȐȒȖȔ ȊȍșȤ ȏȈȓ — șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȘțȌȖȊ
— ȕȍȋȖȌȕȣȑ țȋȖȓȤ — ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȖȉȐȌȍȚȤșȧ — ȕȖ ǮȈȘ-
ȒȖȊ" — ǮȈȘȒȖȊ șȖȠȍȓ ș țȔȈ — ȕȍȗȘȈȊȌȈ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȟȍșȚȕȣȑ
ȗȈȘȚȐȑȕȣȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒ
ǷȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȘȐȏȊȈȚȤ Ȓ ȗȖȘȧȌȒț ȘȈȏȉțȠȍ-
ȊȈȊȠțȦșȧ ȚȖȓȗț
ǪȖȗȘȖș ȉȣȓ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖșȖȊȈȕȐȍ ǫȖȓȖșȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȗȖ-
ȒȈȏȈȓȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖȔ  ȋȖȓȖșȖȊ ȗȘȐ  ȊȖȏȌȍȘȎȈȊȠȐȝ-
șȧ Ȗȉȡȍȍ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ ȠȈȝȚȍȘȖȊ ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖ ȖȌȖȉȘȐȚȤ șȌȈȟț
țȟȈșȚȒȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖțȋȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȐ

ȅȎȟȠȪ ȠȞȓȠȪȭ
ǶǿȅdzǵǻȁǰȆǶǷ ȅdzǾȀdzǴ

43
1. ǸȜȚȟȜȚȜșȪȤȩ ȕȎ ȞȎȏȜȠȜȗ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ Țȣ ȌțȔȈȍȠȤ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ"
ǪȣȉȘȈȊȠȐșȤ Ȑȏ ȔȐȚȐȕȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȏȈȓȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȑȌȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȠȈȋȖȊ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ
ǵȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș șȏȈȌȐ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȖȉȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ Ȑ țȉȍ-
ȌȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȕȍ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȒȐȕțȊȠȐȑ șȖ-
ȉȘȈȕȐȍ ǹ ȖȉȍȐȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȒȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤȞȣ DzȐȔ Ȑ ǴȐȚȤȒȈ ȏȈȋȓȧ-
ȌȣȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȚȈȘȠȍȋȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ
— ǽȖȟȍȠȤ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ Ȕȣ șȖȉȍȘȍȔ ȘȍȉȧȚ Ȑȏ ȧȟȍȑȒȐ Ȑ ȏȈ-
ȌȍȘȎȐȔ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȒț ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȣ" Ǻȣ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȠȐ ȖȉȔȈ-
ȕțȚȣ" Ǻȣ șȈȔ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȍȘȚȍȎ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȗȓȈșȚȈ" ǷȖȟȍȔț Ȏȍ Țȣ
ȕȍ Ȋȏȧȓ ȍȋȖ"
— ǷȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ ȥȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ-
ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ DzȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ ȥȚț Ȏȍ șȈȔțȦ ȉțȔȈȋț ȖȕȐ ȘȈș-
șȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓȐ ȏȈ ȌȊȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȟȍȘȚȍȎ Ȉ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȧ Ȋȏȧȓ ȍȍ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ ȕȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȇ șȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ
ȔȍșȚȍ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ-ȚȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț
ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ, ȖȕȐ ȗȖȌȔȍȕȐȓȐ
ǴȐȚȤȒȈ ȗȖȌȚȖȓȒȕțȓ DzȐȔȈ DzȐȔ șȖȓȐȌȕȖ ȗȖȚȍȘ ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȖȌ-
ȉȖȘȖȌȖȒ Ȑ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȦȡȍȔț ǮȈȘȒȖȊț
— Ǩ ȋȌȍ Ȏȍ ȥȚȈ ȉțȔȈȎȒȈ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ" ǸȈȏȊȍ Țȣ ȕȍ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓ
ȍȍ ș șȖȉȖȑ"
— ǯȈȝȊȈȚȐȓ ǵȍȚ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȇ ȍȍ ȉȘȖșȐȓ DzȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ ȇ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȗȍȘȚ
șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ǸȍȠȐȓ ȊȣȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȍȟȕțȦ ȚȘțȉț DzȖ-
ȕȍȟȕȖ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ǫșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȊȣȒȈȘȈȉȒȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȒȘȣȠț ǯȈ-
ȉȍȎȈȓ Ȋ șȍȒȘȍȚȕȣȑ ȖȚȌȍȓ ȖȕȐ ȖȉȍȡȈȓȐșȤ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȖșȔȖȚȘ
ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȝȖȌȈ ǰ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȟȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȒȖȕȟȐȓȖșȤ
— ǺȈ-Ȉ-Ȓ ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ Ǻȣ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
Ȗ șȐȔȗȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȟȍȘȕȐȓȈȝ"
ȇ ȟȐȚȈȓ ȗȘȖ ȕȐȝ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȒȕȐȎȒȍ ȅȚȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȉȍș-
ȞȊȍȚȕȈȧ ȝȐȔȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȤ Ǫ ȗȘȖȠȓȣȝ șȚȖȓȍȚȐȧȝ ȚȈȒȐȍ
ȟȍȘȕȐȓȈ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȓȐșȤ Ȍȓȧ ȗȐșȈȕȐȧ ȖșȖȉȖ șȍȒȘȍȚȕȣȝ ȌȖ-
ȒțȔȍȕȚȖȊ

44
ǺȖȚ ȒȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȓ ȟȍȘȚȍȎ ȏȕȈȓ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ șȍȒȘȍȚ șȖșȚȈȊȈ
ȕȈȌȗȐșȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐ ȕȈȋȘȍȊȈȕȐȐ Ȉ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔ ȐșȟȍȏȈȍȚ șȕȖȊȈ ǵȍ ȗȖȌȕȖșȐȓȐ ȓȐ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ ȥȚț ȉțȔȈȎ-
Ȓț Ȓ ȖȋȕȦ" ǬȈ ȟȚȖ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ"
ǶȉȈ ȒȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤȞȈ ș ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ
ȚȈȒ Ȑ șȍȓ Ȋ ȎȐȌȒțȦ ȟȍȘȕțȦ ȋȘȧȏȤ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ Ƕȕ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȒȘȈșȕȍȓ Ȑ Ȋ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȐ ȝȓȖȗȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȗȖ ȒȘțȋȓȖȔț ȏȈȚȣȓȒț
— ǿȚȖ" ǬȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȗȘȈȊ DzȐȔ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ Țȣ ȗȘȈȊ ȅȚȖ
ȉȣȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȉțȔȈȎȒȈ ȇ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ ȘȈș-
șȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧ ȍȍ, ȌȍȘȎȈȓȐ ȕȈȌ ȕȍȑ ȏȈȎȎȍȕȕȣȍ șȗȐȟȒȐ Ǩȝ ȧ
ȕȍȋȘȈȔȖȚȕȣȑ ȌțȘȈȒ ǷȘȖȏȍȊȈȓ ȌȍȓȖ ǭȡȍ ȒȖȔȔțȕȐșȚȖȔ ȕȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȦșȤ Ǩȝ ȧ
— ǷȍȘȍșȚȈȕȤ ȉȘȈȚȐȠȒȈ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȐȠȤ
Ǩ ȊȖȚ șȒȈȎȐ-ȒȈ ȓțȟȠȍ șȖȉȘȈȚȤ, ȟȚȖ ȓȐ, ȘȍȉȧȚ Ȑȏ ȧȟȍȑȒȐ"
Ǵȣ ȉȣ țșȚȘȖȐȓȐ ȏȈșȈȌț
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ș ȏȍȔȓȐ ȖȚȘȧȝȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȊȣșȓțȠȈȓ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ǴȐȚȤȒȐ
— ǯȈșȈȌț" ǵȍȚ țȎ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȈ
ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ țȎȍ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȈ ǭȡȍ șȌȍȓȈȍȔ ȕȖȊțȦ ȋȓțȗȖșȚȤ
ǵțȎȕȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȚȤ ȗȖȐșȒȐ Ǵȣ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ Ȍȍ-
ȓȖ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ Ǫȣ ȓțȟȠȍ ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ șȖȉȍȘȐȚȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȗȖȉȖȑȟȍȑ Ȑ ȘȈșșȚȈȊȤȚȍ Ȑȝ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȌȖȔȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ ǭș-
ȓȐ ȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȊȣȑȌȍȚ ȉȍȋȐȚȍ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȑ ȇ ȉțȌț Ȋ șȍȒȘȍȚȕȖȔ
ȖȚȌȍȓȍ DzȖȕȟț ȚȈȔ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȍȔ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ
țȗțșȚȐȚȤ Ȑȝ
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ țȎȍ ȊȚȖȘȐȟȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ
șȍȒȘȍȚȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȌȍȓȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȣȘȊȈȊȠȐșȤ Ȑȏ ȓȖȊțȠȒȐ Ȗȕ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ȚȈȔ ȊșȦ șȊȖȦ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ ǯȈȊȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȖȚȌȍȓȖȔ ȚȖȊ.
ǫȘȍȔȐș ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȕȍșșȧ Ȓ ȍȋȖ șȓȖȊȈȔ Ȑ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ
șȘȖȟȕȖ ȊȣȧșȕȐȚȤ ȌȍȓȖ ǵȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ șȕȖȊȈ ȊȖȠȍȓ
Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ Ȗȕ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ șȚȘȖȎȍ Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȍȍ Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ
ȊȣșȓțȠȈȊ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȧ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȚȤ ȖȚȘȣȊȐșȚȣȔȐ ȖȜȐ-
ȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȜȘȈȏȈȔȐ
— DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȚȖȊ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȟȓȍȕ ǸDzǷ ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȕȣȑ
ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒ ȕȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ
ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȍ ȕȈ ȘȖȔȈȕ ȟȍȔ ȕȈ ȐșȚȐȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȍ.
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȗȘȖșȐȚ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȖȉȣșȒ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȑ ȌȍȓȍȋȈȞȐȐ
ǵȖ ȊȔȍȠȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȉȍȏ ȊȈȎȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȖȌȈ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕ-

45
ȞȍȊ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖșȓțȎȐȚȤ ȗȖȊȖȌȖȔ Ȓ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȖșȓȖȎȕȍ-
ȕȐȧȔ ǺȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȚȖ ȈȋȍȕȚȣ țȎȍ ȗȘȖȔȈȝȕțȓȐșȤ ȖȌȕȐ ȘȈȏ
— DzȈȒ ȗȘȖȔȈȝȕțȓȐșȤ"
ǷȖșȓȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ ǮȈȘȒȖȊȈ Ȗȕ ǫȘȍȔȐș ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȈȋȍȕȚȖȊ
ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȓȍșȕțȦ șȚȖȘȖȎȒț ǶȕȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȠȓȐ
ȗȖȌȢȍȔȕțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ ǵȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȧ ș ȌȖ-
ȔȖȔ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ ȕȍȚ ȅȚȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȋȓțȝȖȑ ȚțȗȐȒ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȑ
ȕȈ ȏȈȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȋȘȍȉ
— ǶȕȐ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȐ ȝȖȌ ǶȕȐ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȓȐșȤ ǯȕȈȟȐȚ șȍȒȘȍȚȕȣȑ
ȖȚȌȍȓ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ ȥȚȐȔ ȌȍȓȖȔ"
— Ǵȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǪȍȌȤ ț ȊȈș ȕȍȚ
ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȒȖȕȒȘȍȚ-
ȕȖȍ
Ǫ ȌȊȍȘȧȝ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ șȚțȒ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȌȍȎțȘȕȖȋȖ
șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȒȈ
— ǰȏȊȐȕȧȦșȤ ȚȖȊ ǫȘȍȔȐș DzȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ șȗȘȈȠȐ-
ȊȈȍȚ ȚȖȊ ǮȈȘȒȖȊȈ Ƕȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ — ȌȍȓȖ șȘȖȟȕȖȍ
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊșȚȈȓ ǭȋȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȏȈȞȍȗȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȐȑ ȉȘȈțȕȐȕȋ ȓȍȎȈȡȐȑ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȍ ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȊ ȟȚȖ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȉȍȏ
ȖȘțȎȐȧ Ȗȕ șțȕțȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕ
ǪȕȐȏț ȎȌȈȓ ǴȐȚȤȒȈ
— ǺȖȊ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ
ǺȘȖȍ ȘȍȉȧȚ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ǶșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ șȚȖȘȖȎȈȚ ǹȒȖȘȍȑ Ȉ
ȚȖ Ȗȕ țȑȌȍȚ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ
2. ǰ ȞȎȕȞȡȦȓțțȜȗ ȦȎȣȠȓ
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ Ȑ ǴȐȚȤȒȈ ȊȐȝȘȍȔ ȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȑ țȓȐȞȍ
ǶȕȐ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȗȖșȍȓȖȒ Ȑ ȊȣȠȓȐ ȏȈ ȖȒȖȓȐȞț ǹ ȒȘȈȧ ȒȈȕȈ-
Ȋȣ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȗȖȌȘȖșȚȖȒ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ǮȈȘȒȖȊț
— ǶȕȐ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ Ȓ șȍȊȍȘȕȖȑ ȠȈȝȚȍ ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ Ȑ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ
ȌȊȖȍ ȘȍȉȧȚ ȇ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȌȖȘȖȋț ǹȒȖȘȍȑ șȒȖȘȍȑ ȚȖ-
ȊȈȘȐȡȐ
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ

46
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȍșȚȐ ȠȈȋȖȊ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȏȈȉȖȘȈ ȊȣșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȈ ȌȘțȋȈȧ
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȒȈ
ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȍȚ ȐȌȚȐ Ȓ șȍȊȍȘȕȖȑ ȠȈȝȚȍ ǹ ȕȐȔ
ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȗȈȘȍȕȤ ǷțșȚȤ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȗȖȚȖȘȖȗȐȚșȧ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȚ
țȗțșȚȐȚȤ Ȑȝ
ǹȍȊȍȘȕȈȧ ȠȈȝȚȈ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȘȈȉȈȚȣȊȈȓȈșȤ țȎȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȠȍșȚȐ ȓȍȚ.
ǹ ȚȖȋȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȊȏȘȣȊȖȔ ȋȈȏȈ țȉȐȓȖ șȖȘȖȒ ȗȧȚȤ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȑ șȈȔț ȠȈȝȚț ȏȈȓȐȓȖ ȊȖȌȖȑ ǵȈȌșȚȘȖȑȒȈ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȖȌ-
ȋȕȐȓȈ Ȑ ȘȈȏȘțȠȐȓȈșȤ ȌȖșȒȐ Ȑ ȉȘȍȊȕȈ ȘȈșȚȈșȒȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȌȘȖȊȈ
ǰ ȕȐȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȖȋȖȘȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝțȋȖȓȤȕȣȑ șȗțșȒ Ȋ ȠȈȝȚț
ȏȐȧȓ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ țȝȖȌȧȡȍȑ ȊȕȐȏ ȌȣȘȖȑ ǻ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȧ
șȐȌȍȓ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȗȖȌȘȖșȚȖȒ ș ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȦȡȐȑ Ȑȝ ȗȘȐ-
ȉȓȐȎȍȕȐȍ
— Ƕȕ ȗȖȓȍȏ ȊȕțȚȘȤ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ǹȒȖ-
Șȍȑ ȚȖȊ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ǹȕȐȔȐ ȉȈȠȔȈȒȐ ȟȚȖȉ ȕȍ ȠțȔȍȚȤ ǵț Țȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȓȍȏȈȑ
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȕȈȡțȗȈȓ ȗȍȘȊțȦ șȚțȗȍȕȤȒț ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȣ Ȑ ȕȣȘȕțȓ
Ȋ ȋțșȚȖȑ Ȑ șȣȘȖȑ ȔȘȈȒ
ǯȈȗȈșȕȈȧ șȗțșȒȕȈȧ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȈ Ȑ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȐȔȍȦȡȈȧ ȋȖȘȈȏ-
ȌȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȒȖȊ ȟȍȔ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȧ-
ȚȐȓȍȚȕȍȑ ȏȈȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȐȔȍȓȈ țȎȈșȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ ǵȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȍ,
șȒȖȓȤȏȒȐȍ șȚțȗȍȕȐ ȊȣșȒȈȓȤȏȣȊȈȓȐ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȍ
ȗȍȘȐȓȈ ȒȘȖȠȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȋȖȚȖȊȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȍȎȍȔȐȕțȚȕȖ
ȗȍȘȍȓȖȔȐȚȤșȧ ǪȕȐȏț ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓșȧ șȚțȒ șȗțșȒȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȠȈȋȖȊ.
ǹȒȖȘȖ șȚțȒ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ Ȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȌȖȓȎȈȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ǰ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊșȓȍȌ
ȏȈ ȥȚȐȔ ȕȖȋȈ ǮȈȘȒȖȊȈ ȕȈȡțȗȣȊȈȦȡȈȧ șȓȍȌțȦȡțȦ șȚțȗȍȕȤ-
Ȓț ȗȖȊȐșȓȈ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ Ƕȕ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȊȕȐȏ Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȓȍ-
șȚȕȐȞȈ ȒȖȕȟȈȓȈșȤ ǵȈȗȘȈȊȖ ȍȌȊȈ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȈȓȖșȤ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ ȊȝȖ-
ȌȈ Ȋ ȉȖȒȖȊȖȑ ȠȚȘȍȒ
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȕȖȋț ȕȈ ȒȘȈȑ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȧ Ȑ ȖȚȗțșȚȐȓ ȗȍ-
ȘȐȓȈ Ǫ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȒȘȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȚȍȔȕȖȔț ȗȖ-
ȓțȖȉȊȈȓȐȊȠȍȔțșȧ ȗȘȖȝȖȌț
ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓ șȊȍȚ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȏȈȠțȘȠȈȓȐ șȗȖȚȣȒȈȦ-
ȡȐȍșȧ ȠȈȋȐ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕȈ ǯȕȈȟȐȚ Ȗȕ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȕȖȔ ȗțȚȐ ǮȈȘ-
ȒȖȊ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȣȑ Ȓ ȗȍȘȍȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȦ ȗȖȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȉȣșȚ-
Șȍȍ

47
ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȌȊȐȋȈȓșȧ șȚȈȘȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȋȐȉȈȧ ȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȐȧ
ȘȍȏȒȖ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȦȡȐȍ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȜȖȕȈȘȐȒȈ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȗȓȧȠțȡȐȑ ȓțȟ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ǷȖ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧȔ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ
ȜȐȋțȘȣ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȊȣȕțȓȈ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ
ǩțȔȈȋȈ ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȗȘȐșȍȓ ȕȈ țȋȖȓȤȕțȦ ȋȓȣȉț Ȑ ȘȈȏȓȖ-
ȎȐȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ Ƕȕ șȊȍȘȧȓșȧ ș ȗȓȈȕȖȔ
ǩțȔȈȋȈ șȕȖȊȈ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȍ Ȑ șȊȍȚ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ
ȊȌȈȓȤ ȀȍȌȠȐȑ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȖȚșȟȐȚȣȊȈȓ ȠȈȋȐ ǯȈ-
ȚȍȔ șȊȍȚ ȗȖȚțȝ ǯȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȓȐ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈ-
Țȍȓȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȎȌȍȚ ȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤ ȊȣșȚ-
ȘȍȓȖȔ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȈ"
ǷȖȔȍȌȓȐȊ ș șȍȒțȕȌț ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑ
ȖȉȖȋȕțȓ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚ ȀȈȋȖȊ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȓȣȠȕȖ ǹ ȖȉȍȐȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ
ȚȍȓȖ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓȈ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȈȧ ȗțșȚȈȧ ȚȤȔȈ Ƕȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ Ȗȡțȗȣ-
ȊȈȚȤ șȚȍȕȣ Ǫ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ ǹȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ,
ȗțȚȤ ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț Ȑșȟȍȏ ȊȘȈȋ ȕȈȑȌȍȕ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȌȖȊȍ-
șȚȐ ȘȈșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ Ǫșȍ ȊȐȌȍȕȕȖȍ ȐȔ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ
șȐȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȖ ȝȖȌ Ȓ șȒȘȣȚȖȔț ȏȈȉȖȦ Ȑȏ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ ȒȈș-
șȐȘȈ Ƕȕ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȑ ȗȖȗȖȓȏ Ȋ ȉȖȒȖȊȖȍ ȖȚȊȍȘ-
șȚȐȍ
3. ǿȣȐȎȠȘȎ ȝȜȒ ȕȓȚșȓȗ
ǶȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ ȏȈȒȈȕȟȐȊȈȓȖșȤ șȓȈȉȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȍȘȖȊȕȖȑ
ȌȣȘȖȑ Ȋ ȗȖȓț ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȌȖȗȖȓȏ ȌȖ ȒȘȈȧ
ǪȕȐȏț ȉȣȓȈ țȏȒȈȧ ȗȍȡȍȘȈ ȟȈșȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓ ȥȓȍȒ-
ȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȜȖȕȈȘȐȒ șȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ǷȖȌ ȜȖȕȈȘȐȒȖȔ ȉȖȓ-
ȚȈȓȈșȤ ȌȊțȝșȈȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȊȍȘȍȊȖȟȕȈȧ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȈ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ
ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȕȈȡțȗȈȓȖșȤ ǷȖȌȓȍ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȣ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ Ȉȕȋ-
ȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȋȖȘșȚȤ țȋȖȓȤȕȣȝ
ȖșȒȖȓȒȖȊ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȣȝ ș ȏȍȔȓȐ
Ǫ țȔȍ ǮȈȘȒȖȊȈ șȘȈȏț ȘȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȌȊȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏ-
ȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȔȣșȓȐ ǹ ȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ, Ȗȕ ȔȖȋ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ
ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ șȦȌȈ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȧȚ

49
ȊșȍȔ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȈȔ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȉȖȒșȈ
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȚȖȎȍ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ș ȏȍȔȓȐ ǰ ȝȖȚȧ
Ȗȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍȓȤȒȖȔ șȓȣȠȈȓ Ȗ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȖȔ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍ ȈȕȋȓȐȑ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȒțȓȈȟȕȖȋȖ ȉȖȧ ȕȖ Ȋ șȊȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȉȖȑ-
ȞȖȔ ȕȈ ȒțȓȈȟȒȈȝ ǰ Ȗȕ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ șȔțȚȐȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȔȐ ȒțȓȈȒȈȔȐ
ǷȍȘȊȣȔ ȕȈȗȈȓ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ǪȣȗȈȌ ȉȣȓ șȌȍȓȈȕ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔ
ȗȘȈȊȐȓȈȔ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ ȈȘȚȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȊȣȗȈȌ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȖȚșȒȖ-
ȟȐȓ Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȐȏȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȐȓ ȚȘȍșȕțȓ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕȈ
ȗȖ țȝț.
ǿȓȍȕ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȑ ȌȍȓȍȋȈȞȐȐ ȕȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȓ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȊșȍȔ șȗȖȘȚȐȊȕȣȔ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȈȔ ȗȘȐȍȔȈ Ƕȕ ȋȓțȝȖ ȏȈșȚȖȕȈȓ
șȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ
ȌȊȍ ȔȖȋțȟȐȍ ȘțȒȐ ȝȊȈȚȈȦȚ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȗȍȘȍȒ ȗȖȧșȈ Ȑ ȊȈȓȧȚ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ.
Ƕȕ ȘȊȈȕțȓșȧ Ȑ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ȊȞȍȗȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȠȍȘȠȈȊȖȍ Ȕȧȋ-
ȒȖȍ ȋȖȘȓȖ ȊȘȈȋȈ
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȕȍȔȣȍ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ șȚȍȕȣ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓȐ
ȕȍȊȐȌȈȕȕțȦ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ șȞȍȕț — ȖȎȍșȚȖȟȍȕȕțȦ
șȝȊȈȚȒț ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȐșȚȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȘȐȧ ǵȖ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȍȔ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȑ
șȝȊȈȚȒȐ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȍ ȚȖȚ ȒȖȔț ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ șȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȉȣ ȥȚȐ
șȚȍȕȣ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚ-
ȊȖȊȈȚȤ ǹȥȘ ǸȖȉȍȘȚ ǫȘȐȕ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȓ ȖȚ șȍȉȧ ȘțȒȐ ȉȍȏ-
ȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȊșȚȈȓ ș ȏȍȔȓȐ Ƕȕ ȍȡȍ
ȘȈȏ țȌȈȘȐȓ ȒȈȉȓțȒȖȔ ȗȖ ȖȒȘȖȊȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ǮȈȘȒȖȊȈ Ȑ
ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȊ ș ȏȍȔȓȐ ȋȖȘșȚȐ ȌȊȍ țȋȓȧ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȊȏȉȐȘȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖ ȊȍȘȍ-
ȊȖȟȕȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ
ǵȖ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȕȍ țȔȍȘ ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȉȍȌȣ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȍȔț ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȗȍȘȍȕȖșȐȚȤ ȏȈ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȊȖȍȑ
ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȗȕ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȗȖ-
ȝȖȎȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȖȉȔȖȘȖȒ ȐȓȐ ȌȖȓȋȖȍ ȏȈȉȣȚȤȍ ǰ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ
șȝȊȈȚȒȐ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȊ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȉȍȎȌȍȕ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȐȕțȓșȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȉȣȊȠȐȔ Ȑȏ șȚȘȖȧ
ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȒȈ-
ȘȈȉȒȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ ȘțȒȈ ǮȈȘȒȖȊȈ ȚȐȝȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȈ Ȋ ȉȖȒȖȊȖȑ
ȒȈȘȔȈȕ ȒțȘȚȒȐ Ȑ ȐȏȊȓȍȒȓȈ ȖȚȚțȌȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȗȓȖșȒȐȑ ȟȍȘ-
ȕȣȑ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ șȚȖȐȚ ȍȔț ȖșȚȈȚȤșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ȖȌȕȖȔț
ȉȍȏ șȊȍȚȈ Ȑ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȗȍșȍȕȒȈ ȉțȌȍȚ șȗȍȚȈ

50
ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȒȖȋȌȈ ȚȍȔȕȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ș ȧȘȒȐȔ ȜȖȕȈȘȍȔ ȕȈ ȗȖȧ-
șȍ ȒȈȟȈȓȈșȤ țȎȍ ț șȈȔȖȋȖ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȈ ȏȈȉȖȧ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ
ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȌȖ țȘȖȊȕȧ ȋȓȈȏ ȖșȚȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȊȕȐȏț ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȧșȤ
ȊȊȍȘȝ ȒȘțȋȓȣȔ ȚțȗȣȔ ȒȖȕȞȖȔ ȀȈȝȚț ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȓ ȖȋȓțȠȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȋȘȖȔ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȈ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȈȊȍȘȝț ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ
ȊȍȘȍȊȒț Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ țȗȈȓ ȊȕȐȏ ǫȓțȝȖȑ șȚțȒ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȧ șȓȐȓșȧ ș
ȓȍȋȒȐȔ ȏȊȖȕȖȔ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȖȋȖ ȜȖȕȈȘȧ ǯȈȉȖȑ ȗȖȚȖȕțȓ ȊȖ ȔȘȈȒȍ
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȗȖȌȗȖȓȏ Ȓ ȍȡȍ ȚȍȗȓȖȔț Țȍȓț Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȗȡț-
ȗȣȊȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ǪȖȚ ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒ — ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ, ȏȌȍșȤ DzȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȉț-
ȔȈȋȐ Ȑȏ ȉȖȒȖȊȖȋȖ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ǭȡȍ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȕȈȉȐȊȈȓ
șȊȖȦ ȖȌȍȎȌț ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȈȔȐ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȔ ȟȍȘȚȍȎȖȔ
ǺȘțȗ ȉȣȓ ȖȉȣșȒȈȕ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȀȈȝȚȍȘ ȊȣȚȧȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ-
ȡțȗȣȊȈȧ șȚțȗȍȕȐ ȊȍȘȍȊȖȟȕȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȣ ǪȖȚ ȖȕȈ Ƕȕ țȝȊȈ-
ȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȗȍȘȍȒȓȈȌȐȕț Ȑ ȗȖȓȍȏ ȊȊȍȘȝ ǰ ȊȣȑȌȧ Ȋ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȑ
ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ ȊȣȚȧȕțȊ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȘțȒȐ ȒȈȒ șȓȍȗȖȑ ȕȈȡțȗȣȊȈȧ ȊȍȘ-
ȕȣȑ ȗțȚȤ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȐșȒȐ ȝȖȌȈ Ȓ ȞȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȖȗțșȒ-
ȕȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ
4 ǿȜȜȏȧȓțȖȓ ȝȞȓȞȐȎțȜ
— Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȐȌȍȚ DzȐȔ"
— ǬȈ — DzȐȔ șȐȌȧȡȐȑ ȕȈ ȋȕȐȓȖȔ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȚȖȔ ȉȘȍȊȕȍ
ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȏȈȔȍ-
ȟȈȕȐȍ
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȌȊȈ ȟȈșȈ ǷȍȚȐȕ ǹ ȕȐȔ șȓț-
ȟȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȅȚȖȚ ȉțȘȎțȑ țȉȐȓ ȍȋȖ ǵȈȔ ȕțȎȕȖ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ
ǴȐȚȤȒȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȖȚ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ șȐȌȍȚȤ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ
ȒȘțȎȐȓșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȧ
— ǬȈ ǴȐȚȤȒȈ Țȣ ȗȘȈȊ ǰ ȍșȓȐ ȥȚȖȚ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȊȣȑȌȍȚ
ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȧ ȕȈȗȈȌț ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ǿȍȘȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ ȍșȓȐ ȧ ȕȍ șȌȍ-
ȓȈȦ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ǵȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȖȚȖȔșȚȐȚȤ ȏȈ ǮȈȘȒȖȊȈ

51
ǪȣșȖȒȐȑ ȚȖȡȐȑ ǷȍȚȐȕ, ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȖ ȗȖȗȓȍȊȈȊ Ȋ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ
ȕȈȟȈȓ ȏȈșțȟȐȊȈȚȤ ȘțȒȈȊȈ ǵȖ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ Ȗȕ ȌȖȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȊȖȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȧ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȔ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝțȋȖȓȤȕȐȒȍ ȗȖ-
șȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȠȖȘȖȝ Ȑ DzȐȔ șȌȍȓȈȓ țșȓȖȊȕȣȑ ȏȕȈȒ Ǫșȍ ȟȍȚȊȍ-
ȘȖ ȘȈșȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȋȘțȌȖȑ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦ-
ȡȐȝ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȕțȦ ȠȈȝȚț Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑȏ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȧ Ȋȣșț-
ȕțȓȈșȤ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȊȍșȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Ȋȣ-
ȉȐȘȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈȘțȎț
DzȖȋȌȈ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ Ȋȣȓȍȏ șȖȊșȍȔ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ șȍȓ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȊȖȏ-
ȓȍ ȠȈȝȚȣ ȒȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤȞȣ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓȐ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȑ ȏȈșȈȌȣ Ȑ ȕȈȉ-
ȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ș ȎȈȌȕȣȔȐ ȘȈșșȗȘȖșȈȔȐ ǵȖ ǮȈȘȒȖȊț ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȕȍ ȌȖ ȕȐȝ ǹ ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȊȣȚȈșȒȐȊȈȧ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ
ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȊȍȡȤ Ȗȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ȕȍȊȕȧȚȕțȦ ȜȘȈȏț
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȋȖ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȔșȖȔȖȓȤȞȣ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ ȟȚȖ
Ȗȕ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȟȈș
— ǺȘȐ ȟȈșȈ ǵȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț Țȣ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȠȤ" ǿȚȖ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ"
ǮȈȘȒȖȊț țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȊȣșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȤ ȘțȒȐ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘ-
ȔȈȕȈ Ȑ ȕȈ șȊȍȚ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȖȌȐȕ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȚȖȓșȚȣȑ ȒȖȎȈ-
ȕȣȑ ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒ ȒȘȈșȐȊȈȧ ȏȈȗȐșȕȈȧ ȒȕȐȎȒȈ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȚȖȓșȚȈȧ
ȗȈȟȒȈ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȉțȔȈȋ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟȕȖ ȘȈȏȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȓ
Ȑ ȖȚȉȘȈșȣȊȈȓ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȒȈȎȌțȦ ȉțȔȈȎȒț ǪȌȘțȋ Ȗȕ ȊșȒȘȐȒ-
ȕțȓ Ȑ ȔȈȝȕțȓ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝțȋȖȓȤȕȣȔ ȉȍȓȣȔ ȓȐșȚȖȔ.
Ǫșȧ șȓȈȉȖșȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ șȖșȒȖȟȐȓȈ ș ȕȍȋȖ
— ǪȖȚ Ȗȕ Ǩ ȕț-ȒȈ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ ț ȒȖȋȖ ȍșȚȤ șȗȐȟȒȐ" ǻ Țȍȉȧ,
ǴȐȚȤȒȈ" ǯȈȎȐȋȈȑ șȒȖȘȍȍ ǬȍȘȎȐ ȊȖȚ ȏȌȍșȤ ǷȍȚȐȕ ȏȈȎȋȐ
ȌȘțȋțȦ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȚȈȊȤ șȦȌȈ ǪȖȚ
ǷȖȌ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȍȔ ȌȊțȝ ȖȉȋȖȘȈȦȡȐȝ șȗȐȟȍȒ ȕȈ ȟȐșȚȖȔ ȓȐș-
Țȍ șȚȈȓȐ ȗȘȖșȚțȗȈȚȤ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȧȔȖțȋȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ
ȘȐșțȕȒȈ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ
— ȅȚȖ ȟȍȘȚȍȎ Ǫșȍ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ ǵțȎȕȖ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ Țȍȓȍ-
ȋȘȈȔȔț Ȋ ȞȍȕȚȘ ǸȍȉȧȚȈ ȉȍȋȐȚȍ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȍ ȌȐȘȍȒ-
ȚȖȘȈ ȇ ȉțȌț ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȊȈȔȐ ǮȐȊȍȑ
Ǫșȍ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȚȤ ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȐȍ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȗȧȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘȈ
ǿȍȘȚȍȎ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ǺȖȟȕȖ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕț
ȏȈȓȍȎȐ ǹȘȖȟȕȖ ȊȣȏȊȈȕȕȣȑ ǫȘȍȔȐș ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ
ȕȈȉȘȈșȣȊȈȓ ȚȍȒșȚ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȣ ǹȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȊȠȐȑ ǴȈȘ-
ȚȤȧȕȖȊ ȕȍȘȊȕȖ ȒțȘȐȓ ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǴȐȚȤȒȈ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȖȋ

52
ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜ ș șȍȘȣȔ ȓȐșȚȒȖȔ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȍ șȖȊȍȚ-
șȒȐȑ ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘ Ȑ ȏȈȊȍȌțȦȡȐȑ șȍȒȘȍȚȕȣȔ ȖȚȌȍȓȖȔ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘ-
ȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȓȐ ȕȈ ȋȘȖȏȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȐȏȉȐȚȖȋȖ
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȠȈȝȚȍȘȈ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ șȐȌȧȡȍȋȖ ț ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘșȒȖ-
ȋȖ șȚȖȓȈ
— Ǩ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ" — ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȚȘȖȕțȓ șȊȖȦ ȖȒȘȖȊȈȊȓȍȕȕțȦ
ȋȖȓȖȊț
— ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ țȍȝȈȓȐ ș ȌȊțȝȟȈșȖȊȣȔ ȗȖȍȏȌȖȔ ǪȐȌȐȚȍ ȓȐ,
ȧ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ șȓȍȎȒț ǶȕȐ ȎȌȈȓȐ ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ
ȌȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈ ǹȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȧ Ȋȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ" ǺȖȋȖ ț ȒȖ-
ȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȟȍȘȚȍȎ" ǶȟȍȕȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ǪȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ, Țȍȓȍ-
ȋȘȈȔȔȈ ȖȉȋȖȕȐȚ Ȑȝ ȅȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȚȈȒȖȍ?
Ǫ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȊȉȍȎȈȓ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȕȕȣȑ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕȣȑ șȚȖȘȖȎ
— ǺȖȊ ǫȘȍȔȐș ȕȈ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ DzȖȔȕȈȚȈ
ȌȍȎțȘȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȗȍȘȚȈ ȇ ȕș ȔȖȋ ȌȖșȚțȟȈȚȤșȧ ǯȕȈȦ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌ-
ȕȖ — ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ Ȋ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț ȕȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ
DzȖȕȍȞ ȜȘȈȏȣ șȚȖȘȖȎț ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕȖ-
ȟȍșȚȊȍ Ǫșȍ ȚȘȖȍ — ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ǫȘȍȔȐș Ȑ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȖȊ — țȎȍ ȉȍ-
ȎȈȓȐ ȏȈȌȈȔȐ ȗȖșȍȓȒȈ Ȓ ȏȌȈȕȐȦ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȈ ǷȍȘȊȣȔ ȌȖȉȍ-
ȎȈȓ ǫȘȍȔȐș Ƕȕ ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȓ ȊȝȖȌȕțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȗȘȐȍȔ-
ȕțȦ Ȑ ȌȍȘȕțȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȗȘȐȍȔȕȐȒȈ ș ȌȍȎțȘȕȣȔ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐș-
ȚȖȔ ǬȊȍȘȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȈȗȍȘȚȈ
— ǷȖȔȖȋȐȚȍ Ȏȍ ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ
ǫȘȍȔȐș Ȋșȍȑ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤȦ ȕȈȊȈȓȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȍ ȌȖșȒȐ Ƕș-
ȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȓȐ ǬȊȍȘȤ ȝȘțșȚȕțȓȈ Ȑ șȘȈȏț ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ
Ǫ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȌȊȈ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐșȚȈ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ
ȗȖșȍȓȒȈ ǬȍȎțȘȕȣȑ șȐȌȍȓ ț ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȊ-
ȠȐșȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ǫȖȓȖȊȈ ș ȊȏȢȍȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȣ-
ȚȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȔȈȚȖȊȖ-ȉȓȍȌȕȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ șȊȍșȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖ-
ȕț DzȖȋȌȈ ǫȘȍȔȐș ȊȖȠȍȌȠȐȑ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ
ȋȘțȉȖ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȖ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐșȚ ȒȈȟȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ
ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȈȌȈȚȤ șȖ șȚțȓȈ ǭȋȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ șȒȖȘȟȐȊȠȐȑșȧ ȕȈ
ȌȐȊȈȕȟȐȒȍ Ȋ țȋȓț ȚȖȎȍ șȗȈȓ ȕȍȗȘȖȉțȌȕȣȔ ȗȤȧȕȣȔ șȕȖȔ Ǫ
ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ șȚȖȧȓ șȓȈȉȣȑ șȓȈȌȒȖȊȈȚȖ-țȌțȠȓȐȊȣȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-
ȚȖ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȈ țșȣȗȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȖȉȖȐȝ
ǷȍȘȊȣȔ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȘȐȠȍȌȠȐȑ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȖȚ
ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖșȚȐ ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘ

53
— ǶȕȐ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȣ ǵȖ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ȌȈȌȐȔ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț" ǪȍȌȤ
ȥȚȐ ȌȊȖȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ țȔȍȊȠȐȔȐ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȚȤșȧ ș
ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȖȔ
5 DZȞȓȚȖȟ ȟȠȎȐȖȠ ȎȐȠȜȚȜȏȖșȪțȩȗ ȞȓȘȜȞȒ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ șȕȖȋșȠȐȉȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȧ Ȋșȍ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȋȓȧȕțȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȐ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȖ ȏȈșȒȘȍȉ Ȋ ȏȈȚȣȓ-
Ȓȍ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȖȊ ȘȈȏȊȍȓ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȉȍșșȐȓȤȕȖ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ șȚțȓ ǫȘȍ-
ȔȐș ȗȘȖȚȧȎȕȖ șȊȐșȚȕțȓ ȐȏȊȓȍȒȈȧ Ȑȏ ȉȖȒȖȊȖȋȖ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȕȍ-
ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȟȈșȣ ǪȏȋȓȧȌ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȖȚȕȦȌȤ ȕȍ țȚȍȠȐȓ
ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȈ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȖȋȖ ǬȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ șȖ-
ȊȍȡȈȕȐȧ Ȋ ǹǺǶ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȚȘȐ ș ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȖȑ ȟȈșȈ
— Ǵȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȌȖșȚȈȚȤ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐșȚȈ ǬȖ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȍȑ
șȚȈȕȞȐȐ ș ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȖȔ  ȊȍȘșȚ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȈ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȍ
— ǩȘȖșȤȚȍ ȚȖȊ ǫȘȍȔȐș DzȈȒ Ȋȣ ȌȖȉȍȘȍȚȍșȤ ȚțȌȈ? ǷȖ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȚȕț ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ" Dz șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȦ ǿȈș ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȍȏȓȐ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȠȍșȚȖȑ ȊȍȘșȚȍ șȖȠȍȓ ș ȘȍȓȤș șȖșȚȈȊ
ǬȖȘȖȋȈ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȈ ȌȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ
— ǨȥȘȖȗȓȈȕ" — ǫȘȍȔȐș Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ǴȈȘȚȤȧȕȖȊȈ ǴȈȘȚȤȧ-
ȕȖȊ ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȖ ȗȖȚȘȧș ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ǵȈȠ «Ǹ» ȊȍȘȕȍȚșȧ ȚȖȎȍ Ȓ ȊȍȟȍȘț ǹȍȑȟȈș ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȈ
ȕȍȚ
— Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȧ ȗȖȍȌț ȏȈ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐșȚȖȔ ǷȖ ȗȖȓȖȚ-
ȕț ǫȌȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȘțȠȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȒ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȍȘȍȚȈȡȐȔ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ.
dzțȟȠȍ ȘȐșȒȕțȚȤ
ǵȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȠȐȑ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȚȘȖȕțȓ ǫȘȍ-
ȔȐșȈ ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȖ
— ǺȖȊ ǫȘȍȔȐș Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ ȔȣșȓȤ ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȍȘșȚ Ȋ ȟȈș
ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȊȈȠ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ"
— ǵȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖ, 60- ǴȖȎȕȖ ȌȖȊȍșȚȐ ȌȖ -ȚȐ
— Ǩ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ? ǵȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ "
— ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ǵȍ ȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ Ǩ ȟȚȖ"

54
— Ǵȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȚȤ șȗȈșȚȐ ȌȍȓȖ ǬȖ ǴȖșȒȊȣ
ȍșȚȤ ȗȘȧȔȖȍ ȠȖșșȍ —  ȊȍȘșȚ ǶȕȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ.
ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȈȋȕȈȚȤ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤ! ȅȚȖ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȚȈȡȐȚȤ ȈȊȚȖ ȕȈ
ȗȓȍȟȈȝ
ǫȘȍȔȐș ȔȖȓȟȈ ȒȐȊȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
ǨȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ șȕȈȘȧȌȐȓȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȒȖȘȖ ǵȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ Ȑ ȓȍȋ-
ȒȐȑ Ȗȕ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȗȖȉȓȍșȒȐȊȈȓ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ ȓȈȒȖȔ ȊȣȋȕțȚȣȝ ȉȖȒȖȊ.
ǫȘȍȔȐș șȍȓ ț Șțȓȧ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȘȧȌȖȔ ǵȈ ȏȈȌȕȍȔ șȐȌȍȕȤȍ țȒȘȍ-
ȗȐȓȐ ȏȈȗȈșȕȣȑ ȘȍȏȍȘȊțȈȘ ș ȋȖȘȦȟȐȔ ǴȈȠȐȕȈ ȘȊȈȕțȓȈșȤ
ȊȗȍȘȍȌ șȘȈȏț ȖșȚȈȊȐȊ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ȗȖșȍȓȖȒ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȖȉȐ-
ȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ
— ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǫȘȍȔȐș șȒȖȓȤȒȖ"
— ǹȍȔȤȌȍșȧȚ ǹȍȑȟȈș țșȐȓȦ ǹȍȔȤȌȍșȧȚ ȗȧȚȤ ǬȍȊȧȕȖșȚȖ
ǵȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ ȋȘțȌȣ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕȣȍ
șȚȖȓȉȣ DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ Ȑ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȑ
șȘȈȏț ȊȣȚȧȋȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȑ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȑ ȘȖșȚ ș ȘȍȊȖȔ ȒȐȌȈȓșȧ
ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț Ȑ șȘȈȏț ȐșȟȍȏȈȓ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȍȔȣȑ ȖȉȓȈȒȖȔ ȗȣȓȐ Ȑ
ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȌȣȔȈ ǪȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȣȍ ȓȐȞȈ ȘȍȏȈȓ ȝȖȓȖȌ-
ȕȣȑ șȣȘȖȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ
—  ȟȈșȖȊ Ǵȣ ȗȘȖȍȝȈȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȣ ȗțȚȐ ǹȓț-
ȠȈȑȚȍ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ, — ǫȘȍȔȐș ȕȈȋȕțȓșȧ Ȓ șȈȔȖȔț țȝț șȗțȚȕȐȒȈ,
— ȗȖȒȈ Ȋșȍ ȐȌȍȚ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ǵȖ ȚțȚ ȍșȚȤ ȠȓȈȋȉȈțȔ ǵȈ ȌȊțȝșȖ-
ȚȖȑ ȊȍȘșȚȍ DzȈȒ ȉȣȚȤ" ǭșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȏȈȒȘȣȚ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȌȓȐȔ
ȝȖȌ ȖȚ ȕȈș ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ ȖȌȕȈ ȒȈȠȈ Ǵȣ ȘȈȏȖȉȤȍȔșȧ ȊȌȘȍȉȍȏȋȐ
Ǩ ȏȈȔȍȌȓȐȔ — ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȖȐȋȘȣȠ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ǴȖȍ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ
— DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ, ȕȍȚ, — ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ țȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȘțȒț ǫȘȍȔȐ-
șȈ — ȌțȑȚȍ ȊȖȊșȦ Ǵȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȚȍȘȧȚȤ ȕȐ ȔȐȕțȚȣ
ǫȖȓȖȊȈ Ȋ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤȕȣȝ ȖȟȒȈȝ șȕȖȊȈ șȒȓȖȕȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȒȘțȋ-
ȓȖȔț ȒȖȓȍșț Șțȓȧ
ǯȈȒȘȣȚ ȠȓȈȋȉȈțȔ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ? ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȍșȓȐ ȖȚȒȘȣȚ Ȉ ȍșȓȐ
ȕȍȚ" ǻȌȈȘ Ȗ ȗȍȘȍȒȓȈȌȐȕț ȋȘȖȝȖȚ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȒȖȕȟȍȕȖ ǵȖ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ
șȖȊȍȡȈȕȐȍ  ȊȍȘșȚ 
ǰȏ-ȏȈ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȈ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓȈ ȋȘțȗȗȈ șȚȖȓȗȐȊȠȐȝ-
șȧ ȌȖȔȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȝȐȡȕȖ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȋțȌȧȡȍȔț ȈȊȚȖ-
ȔȖȉȐȓȦ ǶȚȒȘȣȚ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ" ǭșȓȐ ȏȈȒȘȣȚ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȕȍ țșȗȍȦȚ.
ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȒȘȐȟȈȡȐȑ Ȑ ȔȈȠțȡȐȑ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ, ȠȓȈȋȉȈțȔ Ȗȗțȡȍȕ ǹȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȓȍȌ-
ȕȣȑ ǫȘȍȔȐș ȍȡȍ ȉȓȐȎȍ ȗȘȐȗȈȓ Ȓ ȘțȓȦ

55
ǵȍȚ ǺȘȐ ȌȖȔȐȒȈ ȉțȌȚȖ țȗȈȊ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȗȘȣȋ-
ȕțȊȠȐȑ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ ȗȘȖȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȔȐȔȖ Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȘȧȓȐșȤ ȊȌȈȓȐ
ǯȈșȚȈȊȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȈȧ ȒțȘȐȞȈ
ȗȖșȚȘȈȌȈȓȈ ȏȈ ȗȘȈȊȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ — ǮȈȘȒȖȊ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȒȍ ȈȊ-
ȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȧ ȗțȟȖȒ ȖȒȘȖȊȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȍȘȣȠȍȒ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȗȖȌȝȊȈȟȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ Ȑ țȕȍșȍȕȕȣȝ șȊȐȘȍȗȣȔ ȊȍȚȘȖȔ ǨȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ ȓȍȚȍȓ Ȋȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ ǭȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȣȎȒȖȊ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȈ Ȑ
șȊȐșȚȧȡȍȋȖ ȊȍȚȘȈ ǷȖ ȉȖȒȈȔ ȠȖșșȍ Ȋșȍ ȟȈȡȍ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȈȦȚ ȌȖ-
ȔȐȒȐ ȏȈȉȖȘȣ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ ȜȐȋțȘȒȐ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȏȐȘȈȦ-
ȡȐȍșȧ ȊșȓȍȌ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȔ ȍȏȌȖȒȈȔ Dz țȝț ǮȈȘȒȖȊȈ ȕȈȒȓȖ-
ȕȧȍȚșȧ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ǫȘȍȔȐșȈ
— ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ Ȕȣ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤȕȣȑ Șȍ-
ȒȖȘȌ ǵȈȠȈ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȐȌȍȚ  ȟȈșȈ  ȔȐȕțȚ Ǵȣ șȌȍȓȈȓȐ 
ȊȍȘșȚ ǪȖȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȣ ȕȍ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȟȍȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȓȖȝȖȋȖ
  ȥȎȟȜȐ ȐȓȥȓȞȎ
ǪȍȡȤȦ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȊȠȍȑ 4-ȝ ȟȓȍȕȖȊ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȑ
ȌȍȓȍȋȈȞȐȐ — ȌȊțȝ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȠȐȝ Ȑȏ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȗȖșȍȓȒȈ Ȑ ȌȊțȝ
ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȊȠȐȝ Ȑȝ ȕȈ ȋȘȍȔȧȡȍȔ ȖȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȖȔ șțȍȚȖȑ ȊȖȒȏȈȓȍ
Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ — ȉȣȓȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ Ȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȖȉȢȧșȕȐȔȖȍ
ȐșȟȍȏȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ǸȖȉȍȘȚȈ ǫȘȐȕȈ DzțȌȈ Ȗȕ ȔȖȋ ȌȍȊȈȚȤșȧ" ǵȐȒȈ-
ȒȐȝ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȖȊ Ȑ ȖȗȈșȕȣȝ ȚȘȍȡȐȕ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȏȈȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȖȑ
ȠȈȝȚȍ — ȥȚȖ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ ȗȖ-
șȍȚȐȊȠȐȍ șȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȏȈȉȖȑ ǫȘȐȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈȝȊȈ-
ȚȐȚȤ ȖȉȘȈȏȟȐȒȐ țȋȓȧ ǰ ȊȖȚ — ǫȘȐȕ ȗȘȖȗȈȓ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ
ȊȈȎȕȖ — șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȖșȍȓȒȖȔ Ȑ ǴȖșȒȊȖȑ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȕȖ
ȌȈ Ȑ ǫȘȐȕ ȕȍ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȣȌȈȚȤ ȚȈȑȕț ǵȖ Ȋșȍ-
ȚȈȒȐ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓ ȟȍȘȚȍȎȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ
Ǫșȍ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣ ȕȍ-
ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȔȖȑ ȕȍȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȖșȚȤȦ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ ǽȖȚȧ — ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȗȘȍȎ-
Ȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ǪȈȎȕȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȗțșȚȐȚȤ ȌȍȓȖ DzȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȕȞȍșșȐȦ ȗȖȌȗȐ-
ȠțȚ — șțȌȐșȤ ȚȖȋȌȈ ș ȕȐȔȐ — ș ȉȘȐȚȈȕșȒȐȔȐ ȗȖȌȌȈȕȕȣȔȐ
ǸȈȏȊȍ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȍ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȍȑ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȣ"

56
Ǫ ǴȖșȒȊț ȟȓȍȕȣ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȑ ȌȍȓȍȋȈȞȐȐ ȗȘȐȉȣȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ
ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ ǯȈ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ ȌȖ șȖȊȍȡȈȕȐȧ ǩȣșȚȘȖȝȖȌȕȣȑ
ȈȊȚȖ ȗȖȌȊȍȏ Ȑȝ Ȓ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȔț ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌț ǹǺǶ ǰȝ ȗȘȖȊȍȓȐ Ȋ
ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȑ ȉȖȋȈȚȖ ȖȉșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ ȟȓȍȕȈ ȒȖȓȓȍȋȐȐ
Ǫșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȋȖȚȖȊȖ Ȓ ȗȖȌȗȐșȈȕȐȦ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘȈ ǷȍȘȍȗȐșȈȕȕȣȑ
ȚȍȒșȚ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȍ ǷȘȖȟȍșȚȤ țȚȊȍȘȌȐȚȤ șȒȘȍȗȐȚȤ ȗȖȌȗȐ-
șȧȔȐ« ǰ țȟȈșȚȖȒ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȕȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ șȖȊȍȚșȒȖȑ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ
ǹȒȖȘȍȑ ȉȣ ǪȍȌȤ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȘțȌȖȊ Ȉ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȑȌȐ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
ȗțșȚȈȧ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȈȧ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȈȧ ȜȐȘȔȈ ȗȘȍȊȘȈ-
ȚȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȦ ȖȗȖȏȖȘȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌțȍȔȣȝ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȔ ȕȐ-
ȡȐȝ
ǫȓȈȊȈ ȌȍȓȍȋȈȞȐȐ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȟȈșȣ
ǺȘȐ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȊȖșȤȔȖȋȖ ǹȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȤ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȓ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȍȕȐȍ ȗțȕȒȚȖȊ — ǹȒȖȘȍȍ ȉȣ ȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȐ-
ȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȓțȟȐȚȤșȧ Ȉ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ
ǯȈȌȍȘȎȒȈ ǿȚȖ ȍȡȍ" ǹȖȊȍȚșȒȖȍ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȕȍșȖȋȓȈș-
ȕȖ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȗțȕȒȚȖȔ ǻȋȖȌȕȖ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȈȔ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ"
DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȣ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȗȖȌȗȐșȈȚȤ
ǿȚȍȕȐȍ ȗțȕȒȚȖȊ ȒȖȕȟȈȍȚșȧ «ǷȍȘȍȌȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕțȦ șȖȉșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ — șȘȖȒȖȔ ȕȈ ȠȍșȚȤȌȍșȧȚ ȓȍȚ ǹ ȍȌȐȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ
țȗȓȈȚȖȑ» Ǫșȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ
— ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȒȖȕȞȍșșȐȧ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȟȐȚȈȚȤșȧ ȏȈȒȓȦ-
ȟȍȕȕȖȑ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȍȓȖ Ȋ ȗȖȌȗȐșȧȝ
ǫȌȍ-ȚȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȒȕȐȏț ȏȈȝȓȖȗȈȓȐ ȌȊȍȘȐ ǷțșȚȧȒȐ ǸȈș-
șȚȘȖȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ
ǷȖȌȗȐșȤ șȥȘȈ ǫțȌȊȐȕȈ ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȧ ȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȜȐȘȔȣ,
ȗȖȌȗȐșȤ ȔȐșȚȍȘȈ ǬȎȍȒșȖȕȈ
ǷȍȘȖ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȟȓȍȕȈ ȒȖȓȓȍȋȐȐ ǭȡȍ ȔȐȕțȚȈ
ǯȈ ȌȊȍȘȤȦ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȋȘȖȝȖȚ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȧ ȋȘțȏȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ, ȠțȔ
ȉȖȘȤȉȣ Ȑ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȖ ȏȈȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȐȓ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ. ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈ-
ȕȐȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȍ ȊȗȐȊȈȧșȤ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȋ ȘțȒț ȌȍȘȎȈȡțȦ
ȗȍȘȖ
— ǷȖȌȗȐșȣȊȈȑȚȍ Ȏȍ șȥȘ
ǵȖ ȟȓȍȕ ȒȖȓȓȍȋȐȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȗȐșȣȊȈȍȚ Ƕȕ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȗȍȘȖ Ȑ
șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȕȈ ȚȍȔȕțȦ ȌȘȖȎȈȡțȦ ȖȚ șȚțȒȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ
— ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǴȖșȍȊ ȊȗțșȚȐȚȍ
ǹȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ ǰ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ șȐȌȧȡȐȝ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓȈșȤ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ șȞȍȕȈ

57
ǵȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȐȏȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȘȈȉȖȟȍȔ
ȒȖșȚȦȔȍ șȎȐȔȈȦȡȐȑ Ȋ ȒțȓȈȒȍ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȘțȒȐ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȓȐșȚ ȉț-
ȔȈȋȐ ǹȏȈȌȐ ȕȍȋȖ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȉȘȐȚȣȑ ș ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȣȔȐ
ȟȍȘȚȈȔȐ ȓȐȞȈ, ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȔ șȓțȎȈȡȐȔ Ȑ
ȔȐȓȐȞȐȖȕȍȘȈȔ ȗȖȌȒȘȍȗȓȧȧ șȊȖȐ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȧ ȞȍȓȖȑ ȗȈȟȒȖȑ
ȐșȚȘȍȗȈȕȕȣȝ ȔȈȕȌȈȚȖȊ ǵȈ ȏȈȌȕȍȔ ȗȓȈȕȍ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȐșȤ șȓȍȌȣ
ȋȖȘȧȟȍȑ șȝȊȈȚȒȐ — ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȊȈȓȍȕȕȣȝ șȚțȓȤȍȊ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍ-
ȓȣȑ ȒȈȕȞȍȓȧȘșȒȐȑ șȚȖȓ ȗȘȖșȚȐȘȈȦȡȐȑ Ȓ ȗȖȚȖȓȒț Ȋșȍ ȟȍ-
ȚȣȘȍ ȕȖȎȒȐ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȎȈȓțȧșȤ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȍȕȕțȦ ȍȔț ȖȉȐȌț
ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȊȣșȚȈȊȐȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȘțȒț ș ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȖȔ Ȑ ȏȈȗțș-
ȚȐȊ ȌȘțȋțȦ ȘțȒț Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕ ȠȈȋȕțȓ Ȓ șȚȖȓț ȟȓȍȕȈ ȒȖȓȓȍȋȐȐ
— ǪȖȚ ȗȓȈȕ — Ȗȕ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȉțȔȈȋț ȕȈ șȚȖȓ. — ǿȍȘȚȍȎ ȓțȟ-
ȠȐȝ ȗȖȘȖȌ ȘȈȏȘȈȉȖȚȒȐ «ȆȎȕȖȍª ǶȕȐ — ǮȈȘȒȖȊ ȊȣȘȈȏȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȐȊȕțȓ ȕȈ ȏȈȔȍȘȠȐȝ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ — ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȖȉȔȈȕțȚȤ
ȕȈș ǰșȗȖȘȚȐȓȐ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜ ǮȍȓȍȏȕȖȌȖȘȖȎȕȣȑ ȗțȚȤ ǵȈȔ
ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȊȏȖȘȊȈȚȤ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ Ǩ ȊȖȚ țȋȖȓȤ — Ƕȕ ȊȣșȣȗȈȓ
ȕȈ șȚȖȓ ȋȖȘșȚȤ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȖșȒȖȓȒȖȊ ǨȕȚȘȈȞȐȚ. ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȍȌȤ Ȋȣ
ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȗȖȌȗȐșȣȊȈȚȤ țșȓȖȊȐȍ"

 ȅȓȑȜ ȒȜȏȖșȟȭ ǴȎȞȘȜȐ
DzȖȕȞȍșșȐȦ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȗȐșȈȓȐ ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ
ȉȣȓȖ țȋȘȖȎȈȚȤ șȊȖȐȔ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌ-
ȕȐȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȗȘȍȘȣȊȈȚȤ ȝȖȌ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȏȈȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȍȍ-
ȓȈ ǵȖ ȟȓȍȕ ȒȖȓȓȍȋȐȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȊȠȐȑ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȚȍȎ
șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓ șȊȖȍ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ Ȓ șȌȈȟȍ țȟȈșȚȒȈ ǷȖ-
ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȧ ȔȍȎȌțȕȈȘȖȌȕȣȝ ȈȜȍȘȐșȚȖȊ
ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȖȚȉȐȓȈ ț ȘȈȉȖȟȍȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ ȞȍȓȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ǬȈ Ȓ ȚȖȔț
Ȏȍ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȈȝȓȖ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȑ țȋȖ-
ȓȖȊȕȖȑ ȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ
ǸȈȉȖȚȈ Ȋ «ǿȍȘȕȖȔ ȗȖșȍȓȒȍ» ȏȈȒȐȗȍȓȈ ǷȘȐȊȍȏȓȐ ȕȖȊȣȍ
țșȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚȊȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ țșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ț ȊȕȖȊȤ ȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȏȈȓȍȎȐ ǻȋȖȓȤ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȓțȟȠȍȋȖ
ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȈ — «ș ȚȈȒȐȔ țȋȓȍȔ Ȑ țȔȐȘȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ» — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ
ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ ȔȐȋȖȔ ȏȈȉȣȊȠȐȍ șȊȖȐ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȍ ȕȍțȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȧ
ǬȈ Ȑ ȟȐșȓȖ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȝ șȓțȟȈȍȊ ȗȘȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ Ȋ ȗȖȘȖȌȍ Ȋȣș-
ȠȍȋȖ șȖȘȚȈ șȖȠȓȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȚ
ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȒȈșșȐȘȈ ȚȖ Ȋ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȖȗȐșȈȕȕȣȝ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ
ȍȋȖ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȗȧȡȐȔ Ȋ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ țȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ȌȖȔȐȒȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȒȈșșȐȘ ȐșȟȍȏȈȍȚ ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȍȋȖ
șȓȍȌ Ȕȣ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȔ Ȋ ȒȕȐȋȍ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȚȦȘȤȔȍ ǫǷǻ ǬȈ
ȍȡȍ Ȋ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȍ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖțȋȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȜȐȘȔȣ ȌȖȊȖȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȟȈșȚȖ ȜȐȋțȘȐȘȖȊȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȧ
Ǩ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȋȍȘȖȑ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ǷȍȚȘ ǮȈȘȒȖȊ" ǿȍ-
Șȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ șȘȍȌȐ ȚȖȓȗȣ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȝ-
șȧ Ȓ ȔȍșȚț ȗȘȖȘȣȚȐȧ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȠȈȝȚȣ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȎȍȓȈȦȡȐȑ ȔȖȋ
țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȠȐȘȖȒțȦ șȗȐȕț Ȑ ȒȘțȋȓțȦ șȚȘȐȎȍȕțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț
ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȖȚ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȋȖ șȒȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȏȈ-
ȉȖȑȡȐȒȈ — ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȐ ȍȋȖ ȒțȘȚȒȐ ȈȓȍȓȈ ȔȈ-
ȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȈȧ ȓȍȕȚȖȟȒȈ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȖȘȌȍȕ DzȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ǯȕȈ-
ȔȍȕȐ ȊȣȌȈȕȕȣȑ ǮȈȘȒȖȊț ȏȈ șȈȔȖȖȚȊȍȘȎȍȕȕȖȍ ȘȈșșȓȍȌȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȌȍȓȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȑ ȜȐȘȔȣ
ǰ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȒȖȕȟȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖȊȍșȚȤ Ȗ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ ȏȖȓȖȚȍ

ǨǴǭǸǰDzǨǵǹDzǰǭ
ǼǨȀǰǹǺȃ
ǷȖȊȍșȚȤ ș ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧȔȐ
ǾȖȟ ȣȡȒ ǻ DzȡȠȜȐȎ

61
1.
ǴȖȕțȪ ȜȟȠȎțȎȐșȖȐȎȓȠȟȭ
ǭȡȍ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȌȖ ȜȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȢȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ șȚȈȟȒȐ
ȊșȍȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȧșȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȔȐȘȕȣȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȑ ǺȈțȕȠȐȘ —
ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȞȍȕȚȘȖȊ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȖȑ ȔȍȚȈȓȓțȘȋȐȐ — ȕȈȌȊȐȋȈȍȚșȧ
ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ǵȈ ȏȈȊȖȌȈȝ Ȑ Ȋ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ȒȓțȉȈȝ țșȚ-
ȘȈȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȟȈșȚȣȍ șȝȖȌȒȐ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖ
ȗȍȘȍȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȗȚȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȔȍȎȌț șȖȉȖȑ Ȉ Ȋ ȋȈ-
ȏȍȚȍ ©ǸȍȌ ȗȍȑȗȘª — ȖȜȐȞȐȖȏȍ ©ǰȕȌțșȚȘȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ȔȐ-
ȘȈª — ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌȖȊȐȞȣ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȈȦ-
ȡȐȍ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ Ȓ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȒȓȈșșȖȊȖȑ șȖȓȐȌȈȘȕȖ-
șȚȐ ǿȚȖ- ȚȖ ȕȈȏȘȍȊȈȓȖ Ȑ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȖșȤ
Ǩ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȘȍȊȈȕȐȦ ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈșȞȊȍȚ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕ-
șȒȖȑ ȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȒȖȕȟȐȓșȧ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȓȈ ȗȖȓȖșȈ ȏȈȚȧȎ-
ȕȣȝ ȒȘȐȏȐșȖȊ ǪȘȍȔȧ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȕȖȑ ȗȓȈȚȣ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ
ȉȍȏȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȕȖ ȘȈșȞȍȕȒȐ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȕȐȏȐȓȐ ȕȈ  ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ
țȎȍ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ǸȈȉȖȟȐȍ șȚȈȓȍȓȐȚȍȑȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȊȖȌȈ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓȐ Ȋ
ȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȍȑ ș ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȊȣȠȍȕȐȧ
ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȕȖȑ ȗȓȈȚȣ
ǷȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓȖ ǹȚȖȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȌȖșȚțȗȕȣȔȐ ȕȈȋȓț-
ȝȖ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȌȊȍȘȤȔȐ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȈ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȧ ȊȖșȍȔȤ ȌȍȓȍȋȈ-
ȚȖȊ — ȟȓȍȕȖȊ ǹȖȦȏȈ ȐȕȌțșȚȘ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ȔȐȘȈ — ȘȍȠȐȓȐșȤ ȕȍ-
ȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȖȘȟȈȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍ șȘȈȏț țȠȓȐ ȗȖșȓȍ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȖȚ-
ȊȍȚȈ
ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȘȐȌȧ ȕȈ ȘȈȉȖȚț, ȗȖ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȦ,
Ȋ  ȟȈșȖȊ țȚȘȈ Ȋșȍ ȊȖșȍȔȤ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȣȏȊȈȕȣ Ȋ ȒȖȕȚȖȘț Ȑ ȗȖȓț-
ȟȐȓȐ ȚȈȔ șȊȖȐ ȘȈșȟȍȚȕȣȍ ȒȕȐȎȒȐ ș ȗȖȎȍȓȈȕȐȍȔ ȕȈȑȚȐ Ȕȍ-
șȚȖ ȋȌȍ ȐȔ ȉțȌțȚ ȗȓȈȚȐȚȤ ȓțȟȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȏȌȍșȤ
ǰ Ȋ  ò ȖȕȐ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ șȖ-
ȏȍȘȞȈȧ ȊȣșȖȒȐȍ ȏȈȊȖȌșȒȐȍ ȊȖȘȖȚȈ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȠȐȍșȧ Ȍȓȧ
ȕȐȝ ǹ ȥȚȐȔȐ ȊȖȘȖȚȈȔȐ — ȥȚȖ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȊȣȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȍ
ȕȈ țȓȐȞț — Ȍȓȧ ȕȐȝ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȐșȤ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȏȈȊȖȌșȒȐȝ
ȊȖȘȖȚ ȕȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȓȤ Ȋ ȖȒȘțȎȕȖșȚȐ ǷȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ șȚȈȓȍȓȐȚȍȑ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȊȖȌȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȈȑȡȐȒȖȔ ©ǾȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ

63
ȗȖ șȍȚȐ ȘȍȓȤș ȋțșȚȖȑ ȗȈțȚȐȕȖȑ ȖȗțȚȈȊȠȐȝ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ǩ ȗȖ Ȋȍȟȍ-
ȟȍȘȈȔ ȧȘȒȐȑ șȊȍȚ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȘȍȒȓȈȔ Ȑ ȒȘțȋȓȣȝ ȓȈȔȗ
ȖșȊȍȡȈȓ țȓȐȞȣ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȍ ©ȖȚȌȣȝȈȦȡȍȑª ȗțȉȓȐȒȖȑ Ȑ
ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȣȍ ȠȈȝȚȣ ȒȖȟȍȋȈȘȕȐ Ȑ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȐȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȝ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȍȚșȧ ȌȕȍȔ Ȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ  șȍȕȚȧȉȘȧ Ȉ  ȋȖȘȖȌ ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍ
ȖȉȣȟȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǵȍȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȖ ȘȈșșȚȐȓȈȓȐșȤ șȍ-
Șȣȍ ȔȖșȚȖȊȣȍ ș ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȔȐ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȗȖȓȐșȔȍȕȈ-
ȔȐ ȕȈ țȋȓȈȝ ǵȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈȊȖȌșȒȐȍ ȊȖȘȖȚȈ ȗȘȖȋȓȈȚȣ-
ȊȈȧ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȣȝ șȋȖȘȉȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ǫ ȉȍȏȓȦȌȕȣȝ ȏȈȊȖȌșȒȐȝ
ȒȈȏȍȔȈȚȈȝ ȚțșȒȓȖ ȗȖȉȓȍșȒȐȊȈȓȐ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȟȈșȚȐ ȕȍȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȈȦȡȐȝ ȔȈȠȐȕ ǺȖ Ȏȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȊȖșȍȔȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȌȍșȧȚȤ Ȑ Ȋ
ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ țȚȘȈ ǺȖ Ȏȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ ȕȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ țȚȘȖ
ǮȐȏȕȤ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ ǵȖȊȖȍ ȗȖȕȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȓȈȚȣ Ȑ țȊȖȓȤ-
ȕȍȕȐȍ ȊȖșȤȔȍȘȣȝ ȌȍȓȍȋȈȚȖȊ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȒȈȗȓȍȑ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȗȖȓȕȐȊȠȍȑ ȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȍ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ǷȍȘȊȣȔ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ șȚȈȓȍ-
ȓȐȚȍȑȕȣȑ ȏȈȊȖȌ ǯȈ ȕȐȔ — ȏȈȊȖȌȣ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȟȍșȒȐȑ Ȑ ȗȘȖȒȈȚ-
ȕȣȑ ǵȍ ȊȣȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ șȚȈȕȞȐȑ
ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȊ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȊ ȊȖ ȔȘȈȒ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȐȍ țȓȐȞȣ
Ȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȣ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋșȍ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȧ-
ȚȐȧǵȈȟȈȓȈșȤ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȈȧ ǺȈțȕȠȐȘșȒȈȧ ȏȈȉȈșȚȖȊȒȈ ȗȖșȓțȎȐȊ-
ȠȈȧ ȕȈȟȈȓȖȔ ȞȍȓȖȋȖ ȘȧȌȈ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȏȈȉȈșȚȖȊȖȒ ȗȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȚȍȘ-
ȘȐȚȖȘȐȐ ǹȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȀȚȈȚȖȊ
2
© ȒȜșșȎȞȜȐª
— ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǫȈȕȕȖȊȍȘ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȍȚ  ȌȖȓȓȈȘȖȊ
— ȅȚȖȋȖ ȔȈȓȖ ǬȎȐȔ ǰȔȍȑȚȍ Ȋ ȊȐȌț
— ǵț ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȇ ȏȕȈȦ Ǫȣ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȔȐșȚȍȘț ǫȈȕ-
ȕȖȊȍȘț ȟȚȖ ȝȖȚȧ Ȕȣ Ȑ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȗȖ-
ȡȐȗȈȚȤ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ȕȖ ȔȈșșȖȊȣȍ ȗȖȋȘȖȔȣ Ȑ ȐȏȉȐȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȔȖ-

64
ȋțȚ ȕȈȟȈȚȤșȧ ȉȍȏ șȖȓȐȌȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȖȌȈ ǶȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ
ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ ǷȘȍȌȓȖȋ ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȚȤ Ǩ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȋ ȚȖ-
Ȏȍ Ȍȍȕȍȋ șȚȖȐȚ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǫȈȕȕȖȊȍȘ ǰȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȊȈȠȍȔț
ǾȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȔț ȚȘȍșȚț"
ǺȘȖȍ ȉȖȋȈȚȖ ȖȌȍȚȣȝ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȖȊ șȐȌȍȓȐ Ȋ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ
ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ȌȍȠȍȊȖȑ ȚȈȊȍȘȕȣ ȕȈ țȋȓț ǩȘȖȌȊȍȧ Ȑ
ǬȖȓȓȍȘ-ǹȐȚȐ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȏȈȗȐșȕȈȧ ȒȕȐȎȒȈ Ȑ
șȚȖȧȓȈ ȉțȚȣȓȒȈ ȒȘȍȗȒȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȗȘȖșȚț ȋȖȊȖ-
Șȧ ȊȖȌȒȐ ȉȍȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕȍȞ ȕȍ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȍșȚȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȗțșȚȧȟȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȓȖȊȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ ǬȊȖȍ Ȑȏ
șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒȖȊ ȊȍȓȐ șȍȉȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ ȗȘȐȝȓȍ-
ȉȣȊȈȧ Ȑȏ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȗȖȗȖȓȕȧȍȔȣȝ șȚȈȒȈȕȖȊ ǺȘȍȚȐȑ
— ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȋȖșȚȤ— ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȗȐȓ ǭȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȈȧ ȘțȒȈ ȕȍȘȊȕȖ
ȚȍȘȍȉȐȓȈ ȓȍȎȈȡȐȍ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȍ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȣ — ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȒȘțȋȓȣȍ
ȖȟȒȐ Ȑ ȜȈȓȤȠȐȊțȦ ȉȖȘȖȌț ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖ-
ȔȍȞ ȕȈȌȍȧȓșȧ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȕȍțȏȕȈȊȈȍȔȣȔ șȊȖȍ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ șȐȓȤȕȖ
ȗȖȚȘȍȗȈȕȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ Ƕȕ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ țȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȔ
ȚȖȕȖȔ
— DzȓȧȕțșȤ șȚȈȚțȍȑ ǹȊȖȉȖȌȣ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ
— ǵȍ ȒȓȧȕȐȚȍșȤ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǫȈȕȕȖȊȍȘ ǰ Ȋȣ Ȑ ȊȈȠ ȚȘȍșȚ ȖȚ-
ȓȐȟȕȖ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȌȍȠȍȊȖ ǷȖȌțȔȈȑȚȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȌȍȚșȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȌȊțȝ Țȣșȧȟ ȘȍȉȧȚ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ
ȕȈȠȐ ȒȈȘȚȣ Ȋ ǹȚȈȟȍȟȕȖȔ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚȍ ǷȘȐȌȍȚșȧ Ǫȣ șȈȔȐ ȏȕȈȍ-
Țȍ Ȋșȍ ȚȘțȌȕȖșȚȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ
— ǵț ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȣ  ȌȖȓȓȈȘȖȊ ȅȚȖ
ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȌȈȚȤ ȚȘȍșȚ Ǫȣ șȖȋȓȈșȕȣ"

65
— Ǫ ȚȘȍȝȌȕȍȊȕȣȑ șȘȖȒ Ȋȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ" — ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ șȖȉȍ-
șȍȌȕȐȒȖȊ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȊȖȓȖșȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȗȉ-
ȓȖȒȖȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ șȚȖȓ — dzȈȌȕȖ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ȉțȌȤȚȍ țȊȍȘȍ-
ȕȣ ȖȒȈȧȕȕȣȍ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ șȚȈȕțȚ Ȓ șȚȈȕȒȈȔ ǬȈȦ ȊȈȔ șȓȖȊȖ Ȓț-
ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈȕȈ ȔȐșȚȍȘ
— ǪȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȖ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȍȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȊ
— ǪȖ-ȗȍȘȊȣȝ — ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ
ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȕȈ ȚȖȕȒțȦ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȘȖȌȒț ȖȚȌȍȓȧȊȠțȦ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ ȖȚ ȌȘț-
ȋȐȝ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȑ — ȔȖȋț ȓȐ ȧ ȉȣȚȤ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ
ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȐȚ ȕȐȒȚȖ"
ǿȍȘȕȖȊȖȓȖșȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ǬȎȐȔ ȒȐȊȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ǺȈȒ ȊȖȚ ǹȗȖșȖȉȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋȣ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȐȚȤ Ȍȓȧ
șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȗȖȊȖȌȈ Ȓ ȗȖȋȘȖȔȈȔ ȗȖȒȈ ȖșȚȈȦȚșȧ ȚȈȑȕȖȑ"
ǬȎȐȔ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ șȊȖȑ țȚȊȍȘȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȎȍșȚ
— ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ȧ ȉțȌț ȐȔȍȚȤ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ș ȟȓȍȕȈȔȐ
ǹȚȈȟȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚȈ ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȑȌțȚ ȕȈ țșȚțȗȒȐ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȈȍȚȍ Ȓ Ȍȍȓț Ȋȣ ǵȖ ȗȖșȚȈȘȈȑȚȍșȤ ȖȉȖȑȚȐșȤ ȉȍȏ
ȔȕȖȋȐȝ țȉȐȑșȚȊ ǵȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȒȈȒ ȌȊțȝ-ȚȘȍȝ ȏȈȟȐȕȡȐȒȖȊ ǪȖȚ
Ȑȝ ȐȔȍȕȈ ǰ ȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ țȘȖȌțȑȚȍ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ǷȖȔȕȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ
șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȖȕȐ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉțȌțȚ șȚȈȚȤ Ȓ șȚȈȕȒȈȔ ǬȍȕȤ-
ȋȐ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȍ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȧ șȚȈȟȒȐ ǶȓȓȤ-ȘȈȑȚ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤ-
Ȕȍȕȣ
ǷȘȖȐȏȕȖșȧ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǫȈȕȕȖȊȍȘ — ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ ǾȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȘȍșȚȈ — țȎȍ țșȗȍȓ
ȗȘȐȞȍȗȐȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȉȖȘȖȌț Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȚȤ ȖȟȒȈȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǷȖȌȕȧȊ
ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȒ Ȑ ȕȐȏȒȖ ȕȈȝȓȖȉțȟȐȊ Ƞȓȧȗț Ȗȕ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȘțȒȐ ȖȉȖȐȔ
șȖȖȉȡȕȐȒȈȔ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ
Ǫ ȚȖȕȒȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȘȖȌȒȍ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȚȊȖȘȐȓȈșȤ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȈȧ
ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȊȖȠȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȌȍșȧȚȤ
ȜȘȈȕȚȖȊșȒȐ ȖȌȍȚȣȝ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ǵȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȖȕȐ ȘȈșșȍȓȐșȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ șȚȖȓȈ ǶȌȐȕ
ȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȘțȒț ȗȖȌ șȚȖȓ Ȑ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȗȖȟȈȚȣȝ
ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȉțȚȣȓȖȒ ǹȖȊȍȡȈȕȐȍ ș ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȍȔ ȚȘȍșȚȈ ȒȖȕ-
ȟȐȓȖșȤ ǵȈȟȈȓȖșȤ ȕȖȊȖȍ ȏȈșȍȌȈȕȐȍ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȔȍșȚȕȖȋȖ
Ȓț-ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈȕȈ ǫȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȋșȍ șȘȈȏț Ȑ ȗȖȖȌȐȕȖȟȒȍ ȖȉȌțȔȣ-
ȊȈȧ șȗȖșȖȉȣ șȒȖȘȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȐȧ
ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȚ ȚȘȍșȚȈ ǩțȚȣȓȒȐ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗțșȚȍȓȐ

66
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ ȟȈșȈ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȖ ȖȝȔȍȓȍȊȠȐȑ ǬȎȐȔ ȠțȔȕȖ
ȘȈșȝȖȝȖȚȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȊșȚȈȓ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȌȣȊȈȧ ȗțșȚȣȍ șȚȈȒȈȕȣ ȕȈ ȎȈ-
ȓȖȉȕȖ ȏȈșȒȘȐȗȍȊȠȍȔ șȚȖȓȍ
— ǵȍȚ Ȋȣ ȗȖȌțȔȈȑȚȍ ǬȥȊ ǪȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ Ȏȍ ȕȍȗȖȌȘȈȎȈȍȔȖ
ǩȍȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȟȍȋȖ ȌȖȉȘȖȋȖ țȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȑȝ șȖȋȓȈșȐȚȤșȧ
ȕȈ țșȓȖȊȐȧ ȚȘȍșȚȈ Ǩ ȚȈȒ Ȕȣ șȘȈȏț țȉȤȍȔ ȚȘȍȝ ȏȈȑȞȍȊ șȔȍȘȚȤ
ȋȓȈȊȕȣȝ ȏȈȉȈșȚȖȊȡȐȒȖȊ ȗȖȊȖȌ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȋȘȖȔȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ, —
ǬȎȐȔ șȕȖȊȈ ȏȈȝȓȍȉȕțȓșȧ ȕȍțȌȍȘȎȐȔȣȔ șȔȍȝȖȔ, — Ȕȣ ȕȈ-
ȒȈȎȍȔ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȋȖ ǫȈȕȕȖȊȍȘȈ ǬȍȘȎț ȗȈȘȐ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ
țȚȈȐȓ ȕȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ  Ȑȏ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈȔ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȎȈȓȍȍȚ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȍșȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țșȗȍȍȚ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ
ȥȚȖ
— ǵȖ ǬȎȐȔ— șȐȌȍȊȠȐȑ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍ-
ȟȍȒ ș ȦȘȒȖȑ ȜȐȏȐȖȕȖȔȐȍȑ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȖȞȍȕȐȚȤ ȋȍȕȐȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ, — ȕȖ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ" ǿȍȒ" Ǩ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȗȖșȓȍ
șȔȍȘȚȐ ǫȈȕȕȖȊȍȘȈ
— ǵț ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȏȍ ǪȍȌȤ ȟȍȒ ȊȣȌȈȍȚșȧ ȚȘȍșȚȖȔ Ǩ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ
ȗȘȐ ȊȏȘȣȊȍ ȗȖȋȐȉȕțȚ Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ǺȘȍșȚ
ȘȈȏȌțȍȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȧ ǷȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ" ȅȚȖ ȚȈ-
ȒȖȑ ȗȖȊȖȌ Ȍȓȧ ȐȏȉȐȍȕȐȑ ǰ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȊȈȠȍ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ-
șȚȊȖ ǬȥȊ ȉțȌȍȚ șȒȘȣȚȖ ǪȍȌȤ ȗȖȋȐȉȕȍȚ ȊȍșȤ ǹȚȈȟȍȟȕȣȑ ȒȖ-
ȔȐȚȍȚ Ǫȣ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚȍșȤ ȟȐșȚȣ ȒȈȒ ȋȖȓțȉȤ DzȈȒ Ȋȣ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ șȔȖȚ-
ȘȐȚȍ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ"
©ǸȍȉȧȚȈª ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓȐ ǶȚȒȐȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ șȚțȓȤȧ ȖȕȐ ș
ȊȖșȝȐȡȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ș ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȏȈȊȐșȚȤȦ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ
șȊȖȍȋȖ ȊȣșȖȒȖȚȈȓȈȕȚȓȐȊȖȋȖ ȊȖȎȈȒȈ
3
Ǹȡ-ȘșȡȘȟ-ȘșȎț ȅȠȜ ȫȠȜ ȠȎȘȜȓ"
ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȍȘȍȑȚȐ Ȓ ȐȏȓȖȎȍȕȐȦ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȝ șȖȉȣ-
ȚȐȑ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȒ ȉȖȋȈȚȈ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȍ-
ȔȈȧ ȏȈȉȈșȚȖȊȒȈ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȊ Ȗ șȈ-
ȔȖȔ Ȓț-ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈȕȍ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȖȑ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȐ

67
©ȏȈȒȖȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȈª ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȐȕțȌȐȚȤ
ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ șȕȖȊȈ șȚȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȘȈȉȖȚț
Dzț-ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈȕ ȉȍȘȍȚ șȊȖȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ Ȑȏ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȋȖ
ȗȘȖȠȓȖȋȖ ǭȡȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ  ȓȍȚ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȧ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ Ȋ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȍ ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȍ ȥȚȐȔ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ
ȗȖȔȍȡȐȒȐ țșȚȘȖȐȓȐ ȚȈȑȕțȦ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ
ȉȣȓȈ ȊȖșȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȊȓȈșȚȧȔ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚȤ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȌȍȑșȚ-
ȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȘȈșȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȘȈȉȖȊ ȗȘȐȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȍ Ȑȝ Ȋ
ȗȘȈȊȈȝ Ȓ Ȑȝ ȉȍȓȣȔ ȝȖȏȧȍȊȈȔ ǭȡȍ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȟȓȍȕȣ ȥȚȖȑ ȖȘȋȈ-
ȕȐȏȈȞȐȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȓȐ ȚȈȑȕȣȍ ȕȈȉȍȋȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȘȐȚȧȕșȒȐȍ șȍȔȤȐ
țȉȐȊȈȧ Ȑ ȔțȟȈȧ ȏȈȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ ǹȚȘȈȝț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȊȕțȠȈȓȈ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȦ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȧ șȗȖșȖȉșȚ-
ȊȖȊȈȓ ȚȍȈȚȘȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȒȖșȚȦȔ ȍȍ ȟȓȍȕȖȊ — ȉȍȓȣȑ ȝȈȓȈȚ Ȑ ȒȖȓ-
ȗȈȒ ȕȈȌȊȐȕțȚȣȑ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȖ ș țȏȒȐȔȐ ȗȘȖȘȍȏȈȔȐ Ȍȓȧ ȋȓȈȏ Ǫ
ȥȚȐȝ ȒȖșȚȦȔȈȝ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȍ ȕȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȖȊ ȊȣȠȍȌȠȐȝ Ȑȏ ȔȖȋȐȓ,
ȟȓȍȕȣ ȒȓȈȕȈ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋ țȎȈș ȉȍȌȕȣȝ șțȍȊȍȘȕȣȝ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ
ǹȈȔȖ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ȊȖșȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȚ ȏȊțȒ ȡȍȓȒȈȦȡȍȋȖ
ȘțȎȍȑȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȚȊȖȘȈ Ǫ Ȗȉȡȍȑ Ȏȍ șȓȖȎȕȖșȚȐ Ȓț-ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈȕ
ȉȣȓ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȑ ȉȈȕȌȐȚșȒȖȑ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȍȑ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȍȍȧ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȖȘȖȓȖșȤ șȈȔȖ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȖȍ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȐșȤ ǸȈșȚțȡȈȧ ȒȖȔȔțȕȐșȚȐȟȍș-
ȒȈȧ ȈȋȐȚȈȞȐȧ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȉȖȋȈȟȍȑ ȖȗȈșȕȍȍ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȉȈȕ-
ȌȐȚȖȊ ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȈȓȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ Ȋ ǨȔȍ-
ȘȐȒȍ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȓȈ ȔȣșȓȤ șȕȖȊȈ ȊȖȏȘȖȌȐȚȤ ȏȈȉȣȚȖȍ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ
ȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȦ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐșȤ șȈȔȐ ȉȖȋȈȟȐ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȌȍȚȐ ǸȈȏ-
ȕȐȞȈ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ Ȓț-
ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈȕ ȚȘȈȊȐȓ Ȑ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ©șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȑª ǨȔȍ-
ȘȐȒȐ
ǭȡȍ ȗȘȐ șȈȔȖȔ șȊȖȍȔ ȊȖȏȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ Ȓț-ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈȕ ȗȖ-
ȒȈȏȈȓ, ȕȈ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȗȖșȖȉȍȕ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȟȈșȚȖ șȓțȟȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȚȘȧȌ
ȉȍȓȣȝ șȈȊȈȕȖȊ ȖȒȘțȎȈȓ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȎȐȓȐȡȍ ȘȈȉȖȟȍȋȖ ȏȈȗȖȌȖȏ-
ȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȋ șȖȟțȊșȚȊȐȐ ȒȖȔȔțȕȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȈȘȚȐȐ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ
ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȦȡȍȋȖ șȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȝȊȈȚȈȓȐ șȊȧȏȣȊȈȓȐ
Ȑ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȓȐ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȉȣșȚȘȖȋȖ șțȌȈ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ
ǯȈȚȍȔ ȖșțȎȌȍȕȕȖȋȖ țȊȖȏȐȓȐ Ȋ ȓȍș ȏȈ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȖșȚȖ Ȋ
ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȓȐȉȖ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȑ ȚȈȔ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȈșȤ ȘȈșȗȘȈȊȈ
ǷȘȐȊȧȏȈȊ Ȓ șȚȖȓȉț ȍȋȖ ȌȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȐȏȉȐȊȈȓȐ ȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔȐ
ȒȕțȚȈȔȐ ȊȣȘȍȏȈȓȐ Ȑȏ ȕȍȋȖ ȒțșȒȐ ȚȍȓȈ ȗȖȌȎȈȘȐȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ

69
ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȖȉȓȦȌȈȧ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȖȘ-
ȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȐ Ǫ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȓȐșȤ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ
ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȠȒȖȓȣ Ȍȓȧ ȟȓȍȕȖȊ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ȖȕȐ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȚȤ ȒȊȈȓȐȜȐȞȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ-șȚȈȟȒȖȓȖȔȖȊ
ǹȈȔȐ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȗȘȐȕțȎȌȍȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȧȚȤșȧ ȔȖȋțȟȍȑ ȖȘȋȈ-
ȕȐȏȈȞȐȐ ǨȘȍșȚȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ Ȓț-ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈȕȞȍȊ șțȌȤȐ ȊȣȗțșȒȈ-
ȓȐ ȕȈ șȊȖȉȖȌț ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ șțȌȈ ǹțȌȤȧ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ șȚȖȐȚ ȍȔț
ȖșțȌȐȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȉȈȕȌȐȚȈ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ Ȗȕ ȉțȌȍȚ țȉȐȚ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ
țȋȓȈ țȌȈȘȖȔ ȒȐȕȎȈȓȈ ȐȓȐ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȕȖȑ ȗțȓȍȑ Ǫșȍ ȟȐȕȖȊ-
ȕȐȒȐ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ ȗȘȐ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȐȔȍȕȐ Ȓț-ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈȕ
ǺȈȒȖȊȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ǹȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȀȚȈȚȈȝ Ȓ ȚȖȔț
ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ țȗȖȓȕȖȔȖȟȍȕȕȣȑ ǾȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȚȘȍșȚȈ Ȕ-Ș ǫȈȕȕȖȊȍȘ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȧȔ ȚȈțȕ-
ȠȐȘșȒȖȋȖ Ȓț-ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈȕȈ  ȌȖȓȓȈȘȖȊ Ȋ șȓțȟȈȍ ȓȐȒȊȐ-
ȌȈȞȐȐ ȊșȍȖȉȡȍȑ ȏȈȉȈșȚȖȊȒȐ ȚȈțȕȠȐȘșȒȐȝ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ
4
ǰ ȑȜȟȠȖțȖȤȓ ©ǿȐȜȏȜȒțȜȑȜ ȞȎȏȜȥȓȑȜª
ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȘȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȌȊȈ ȟȈșȈ Ȍȕȧ ȟȓȍȕȣ ǹȚȈ-
ȟȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚȈ șȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍȔ ȏȈȓȍ ȋȖșȚȐȕȐȞȣ ©ǹȊȖ-
ȉȖȌȕȖȋȖ ǸȈȉȖȟȍȋȖª Ǫșȍ ȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȥȚȖȑ ȋȖșȚȐȕȐȞȣ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍ-
ȎȈȊȠȍȑ ǹȖȦȏț ȐȕȌțșȚȘȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ȔȐȘȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȍȌȖ-
șȚȈȊȓȍȕȖ ȕȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȚȈȟȒȐ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ ǹȚȈȟȍȟ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚȈ
ǯȌȍșȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȋȖșȚȐȕȐȞȍ ȉȣȓ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȠȚȈȉ Ȋșȍȝ șȐȓ ȏȈ-
ȉȈșȚȖȊȡȐȒȖȊ
Ǫșȍ ȟȓȍȕȣ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚȈ ȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȕȈȏ-
ȕȈȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȘȖȒȈ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȓȖ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ șȖȊȍȡȈȕȐȍ ș ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȍȔ ǾȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȚȘȍșȚȈ ǶȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȖȊȍȡȈȕȐȧ ȏȈȊȐ-
șȍȓȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȕȖȋȖȍ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ț ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚȈ ȐȔȍȓșȧ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ ȌȍȕȍȎȕȣȑ ȜȖȕȌ ǵȖ ȏȈȉȈșȚȖȊȒȈ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈșȤ țȎȍ

70
ȟȍȚȣȘȍ Ȍȕȧ ǪȖȚ-ȊȖȚ ȕȈȟȕțȚșȧ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȕȐȧ Ȋ ȔȈșșȍ Ǩ ș ȚȘȍș-
ȚȖȔ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȑ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȍȡȍ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤșȧ
ǷȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚȈ ǺȖȔ ǷȍȚȍȘșȖȕ — ȔȓȈȌȠȐȑ Țȍȝ-
ȕȐȒ ȔȈȠȐȕȖșȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȊȖȌȈ — șȐȌȍȓ ț ȗțșȚȖȑ ȉțȜȍȚ-
ȕȖȑ șȚȖȑȒȐ țȗȍȘȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȎȐȓȐșȚȣȔȐ ȒȐșȚȧȔȐ ȒȖȘȐȟ-
ȕȍȊȣȝ ȖȚ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȘțȒ Ȑ ȖȗțșȚȐȊ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȤ șȊȖȦ șȍȌțȦ ȊȖȓȖșȈ-
ȚțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț ǷȐȚȍȘ ǬȎȍȔș ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȕȍțȒȓȦȎȐȑ ȔȈȓȣȑ ș
țȔȕȣȔȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȒȘȈșȐȊȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȓȐșȚȣȊȈȓ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȚȖȕȒțȦ ȉȘȖȠȦȘȒț ǾȍȏȈȘȤ Ǹȥ-
ȕȍ — ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȕȍȋȘ-ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȌȖȘȖȎȕȐȒ — șȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȑ
șȚȖȑȒȍ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȍȕȕȖ ȌȣȔȧ ȌȍȠȍȊȖȑ șȐȋȈȘȖȑ ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔ
Ȑȏ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ ȟȓȍȕȖȊ ǹȚȈȟȍȟȕȖȋȖ DzȖȔȐȚȍȚȈ ȉȣȓ ȕȖ ș ȥȚȐȔ
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔ ȦȘȒȐȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȒȖȔ Ȕȣ ȐȔȍȓȐ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȗȖ-
ȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚȤșȧ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ Ȗȕ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓșȧ
ȕȍ ǬȥȊȖȔ ǻȖȚȖȔ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȍȔ ǹȚȈȟȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚȈ Ȉ ȗȘȖșȚȖ
ǬȥȊȖȔ ȌȘțȋȖȔ Ȑ șȖȖȉȡȕȐȒȖȔ ǬȎȐȔȈ ȋȓȈȊȈȘȧ ȔȍșȚȕȖȋȖ Ȓț-
ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈȕȈ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ǬȥȊ ǻȖȚ șȒȘȖȔȕȖ șȐȌȍȓ Ȋ țȋȓț ȗȖȋȓȧ-
ȌȣȊȈȧ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȒȈȔȐ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȚȘȖȐȝ ȕȈȝȖ-
ȌȐȊȠȐȝșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ
ǵȈ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȟȤȐ-ȚȖ ȚȊȍȘȌȣȍ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȍ
ȠȈȋȐ ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ" ǬȊȍȘȤ ȖȚȊȖȘȐȓȈșȤ ǵȍȚ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȕȍ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ ǵȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ șȖȊȍȘ-
ȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȕȐȒȖȔț Ȑȏ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ
ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȑ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȑ ȒȖșȚȦȔ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ
ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕȍȞ ǵȈȌ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȔ șȗȖȘȚșȔȍȕșȒȐȔ
ȗȈȓȤȚȖ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȠȖȜȍȘșȒȖȑ ȒȍȗȒȐ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓȖ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓȖȍ ȠȐ-
ȘȖȒȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ș ȗȓȖșȒȐȔ ȕȖșȖȔ Ȑ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȈșȒȖșȣȔȐ șȍȘȣȔȐ
ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ǵȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȘȖȚ ȗȘȐȊȍȚȓȐȊȖ țȓȣȉȈȓșȧ ǵȍȏȕȈȒȖ-
ȔȍȞ șȕȧȓ ȒȍȗȒț Ȑ ȠȈȋȕțȓ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț
— ȇ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ș ȟȓȍȕȈȔȐ ǹȚȈȟȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚȈ"
— ǬȈ ȔȐșȚȍȘ — ǷȍȚȍȘșȖȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț
— ǹȘȈȏț ȊȐȌȕȖ ǭȡȍ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ǪȍȌȤ Ȑȏ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ
ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȈ ȏȈ ȥȚȐȔ ȌȖȔȖȔ ȗȖ ȚȘȐ ȠȗȐȒȈ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȦȚ —ǵȍȏ-
ȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȌȊȐȋȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȗȖȎȐȔȈȧ ȘțȒȐ ȗȘȐ-
șțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ. — ǯȌȍșȤ Ȋșȍ șȊȖȐ" Ǫȣ, ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ, ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȐ
ȔȖȦ ȘȈȌȐȖȋȘȈȔȔț" ȇ — DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ȟȓȍȕ DzȖȔȐȕȚȍȘȕȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ
ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȉȣȓ ȕȈ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȍ Ǵȣ ȐȔȍȓȐ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȧ Ȗ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȏȈ-
ȉȈșȚȖȊȒȍ

72
— Ƕȕ Ȑȏ ȗȘȖȜșȖȦȏȈ ȠȊȍȑȕȐȒȖȊ Ǫ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȔ ȋȖȌț ȊșȚț-
ȗȐȓ Ȋ ǹȖȦȏ ȐȕȌțșȚȘȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ǵȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ
ȗȖȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȊȈȔ ȚȖȊ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȧ ȉȣ șȒȈȏȈȓ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȣȑ ȖȉȘȈȏ
Ȕȣșȓȍȑ
— ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ — DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȘȈșȒț-
ȘȐȊȈȓ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșț. — ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȧ ȖȠȐȉșȧ ǵȖ ȒȈȒȐȍ ț ȕȍȋȖ
ȌȤȧȊȖȓȤșȒȐ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ
5
ǯȜȚȏȎ ȝȜȒ ȟȠȜșȜȚ
Ǩ ǬȥȊ ǻȖȚ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ Ȋ șȍȊȍȘȕțȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȑ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ
ȌȊȈȎȌȣ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ ȒȓȦȟ Ȋ ȏȈȔȒȍ ȊȝȖȌȕȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȐ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȉȣ-
șȚȘȖ ȖȚȖȌȊȐȕțȓ ȖȚ ȖȒȕȈ ȕȈ șȍȘȍȌȐȕț ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ șȚȖȓ ǪȣȕțȊ
Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȋȖȊȈȚȣȑ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȞȐȓȐȕȌȘ Ȗȉ-
ȔȖȚȈȕȕȣȑ ȉȍȓȣȔ ȠȕțȘȖȔ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȓ șțȒȖȕȕȖȍ ȗȖȒȘȣ-
ȊȈȓȖ ș ȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȑ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȐȊ ȞȐȓȐȕȌȘ Ȓ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍȑ
șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȗȖȒȘȣȠȒȐ șȚȖȓȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ, ȌȖȘȖȎȈ ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȔȋȕȖȊȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȟȍȚȣȘȤȔȧ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȒȕȖȗȒȈȔȐ
ǺȈȒȐȔȐ Ȏȍ ȒȕȖȗȒȈȔȐ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȠȗȐȓȐȓ ȘȈȏȔȖȚȈȕȕȣȑ ȠȕțȘ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ƞȍȓ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȚ ȒȘȈȧ șȚȖȓȈ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȑ ȍȋȖ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȣ
ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȈ țȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȈ ȉȖȔȉȈ ǯȈȚȍȔ ǬȥȊ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȗȖ-
ȒȘȣȊȈȓȖ Ȑ ȒȈȗȕțȊ ȟȍȘȕȐȓȈȔȐ ȕȈȌ ȚȍȔ ȔȍșȚȖȔ ȋȌȍ ȗȘȖȝȖ-
ȌȐȓ ȠȕțȘ ȘȈȏȓȖȎȐȓ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȍ Ȋșȍ ȕțȎȕȣȍ Ȍȓȧ șȖȊȍȡȈȕȐȧ
ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȊ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȍȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑȏ șȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ Ȋ țȋȓț
ȠȒȈȜȈ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȉȍȏȏȊțȟȕȖ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȉȍȏȏȊțȟȕȖ
șȕȖȊȈ ȖȚȗȍȘ ȊȝȖȌȕțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ
— ǬțȘȈȒȐ — ǬȥȊ ȗȘȐșȍȓ Ȓ șȚȖȓț ș ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȔ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȔ
ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȓȋȈ — ǭȡȍ șȚȈȟȒȐ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȦȚ ȐȌȐȖȚȣ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ ǫȈȕȕȖȊȍȘȈ ȧ ȏȈȎȐ-
ȋȈȦ ȜȐȚȐȓȤ Ȉ ȍȡȍ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȘȐ ȔȐȕțȚȣ Ȋșȍ ȖȕȐ ȓȍȚȧȚ Ȓ ȟȍȘȚț
ȕȈ ȘȖȋȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖȚ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȘȐȍȏȎȐȑ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ

73
șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȉȣ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ ȊȔȍșȚȍ șȖ Ȋșȍ-
ȔȐ ǰȌțȚ
ǯȈ ȌȊȍȘȤȦ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȠȍȓȍșȚ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȕȖȋ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȊȖ-
ȠȓȐ ȖȏȈȉȖȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȟȓȍȕȣ ǹȚȈȟȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚȈ ȜȘȈȕȚȖȊȈ-
Țȣȑ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǫȈȕȕȖȊȍȘ Ȑ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȕȍȠȕȍ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȑ
DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ țȎȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȕȈ ȝȖȌț Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȊ-
ȠȐșȤ ȕȈ șȚțȓȍ ȊȕțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȋȓȧȌȍȓ Ȋșȍȝ șȖȉȘȈȊȠȐȝșȧ
— Ǫȣ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȣ? ǺȘȍșȚ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȌȈȚȤ
ȊȈȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȍȚ ǵȈșȚȈȓȐ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ Ǵȣ
șȈȔȐ ȍȓȍ șȊȖȌȐȔ ȒȖȕȞȣ ș ȒȖȕȞȈȔȐ ǷȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚȤ șȖ-
ȒȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ șȓțȎȈȡȐȝ
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȐȌȍȚȍ ȕȈ țșȚțȗȒȐ? ǯȈȟȍȔ Ȏȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈ-
ȟȐȕȈȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȘȣ" — șȚȈȘȐȒ ǷȍȚȍȘșȖȕ țȋȘȖȎȈȦȡȍ ȗȍȘȍȋ-
ȕțȓșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȚȖȓ — Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȌȍȓȈȍȚȍ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ țșȚțȗȖȒ" ǵȐȒȈ-
ȒȐȝ"ǨȋȍȕȚ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ǻȖȚț ȊȏȋȓȧȌ șȖȖȉȡȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ǻȖȚ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȕȈ
ȥȚȖȚ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍ ȐȏȌȍȊȈȧșȤ ȕȈȌ ȥȚȐȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȕȍ
ȟțȊșȚȊțȦȡȐȔ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȎȐȊȈȍȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ
— ǵȈȖȉȖȘȖȚ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȣ Ȕȣ ȌȍȓȈȍȔ ȊȈȔ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ țș-
ȚțȗȒț Ǵȣ ȗȘȐȔȍȔ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ ȕȈ ȏȈȊȖȌȣ Ȋșȍȝ ȏȈȉȈșȚȖȊȡȐȒȖȊ
Ǫȣ ȊȍȌȤ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȔ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȉȣ ȕȍ șȚȖȐȓȖ ȕȈȉȘȈȚȤ șȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȌȘțȋȐȝ
— dzȖȎȤ ȀȚȘȍȑȝȉȘȍȝȍȘȖȊ-ȟȍȘȕȖȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ Ȋȣ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȕȈ-
ȉȘȈȚȤ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ Ȑȏ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȝ ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒȐȝ ȕȖ ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ
ȒȊȈȓȐȜȐȞȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȑ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ț ȊȈș Ǫ
ȥȚȖȔ ȘțȟȈȍȔșȧ Ȕȣ ǹȚȈȟȍȟȕȣȑ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚ ǺȈțȕȠȐȘȈ — ǷȍȚȍȘ-
șȖȕ șȐȓȤȕȖ țȌȈȘȐȓ ȗȖ șȚȖȓț șȎȈȚȣȔ ȒțȓȈȒȖȔ Ȑ ȥȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȎȍșȚ
ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓȐ ȕȍȋȘ Ǹȥȕȍ Ȑ ǷȐȚȍȘ ǬȎȍȔș ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ șȖȋȓȈșȕȣȍ șȖ
șȊȖȐȔ ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȍȔ
— Ǫȣ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ țȊȍȘȍȕȣ" — ǫȈȕȕȖȊȍȘ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȤ
șȊȖȍ ȗȘȍȕȍȉȘȍȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȓȐȞȈ ȕȖ ȗȖ ȌȘȖȎȈȕȐȦ
ȍȋȖ ȋțȉ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȖȑ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ ȟȚȖ țȌȈȘ
ȗȖȗȈȓ Ȋ ȞȍȓȤ
— ǵȖ ȟȍȋȖ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ"
— ǺȘȍșȚ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȌȈȚȤ ȕȈȔ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȣȍ șȚȈȊȒȐ ǶȚȔȍȕȣ
ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȕȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȔȈȓȖ ǰ Ȋșȍ țȊȖȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȖȓȎ-
ȕȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȣ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ǵȣ

74
ǺȈȒ ȕȈȟȈȓȖșȤ șȖȊȍȡȈȕȐȍ Ȋ ǹȚȈȟȍȟȕȖȔ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚȍ Ǫșȍ ȗȘȐ-
șțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȍ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ȖȚȒȐȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ
șȗȐȕȒț șȚțȓȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȧ țȟȈșȚȐȧ Ȋ șȖȊȍȡȈȕȐȐ ȖȉȌțȔȣ-
ȊȈȓ Ȑ ȊȏȊȍȠȐȊȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȧȡȍȍ ǭȋȖ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ
ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȚȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ ȍȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȓȐșȤȍȑ ȜȐ-
ȏȐȖȕȖȔȐȍȑ șȐȌȧȡȐȑ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȕȍȋȖ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȘțȒȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ
ȘȈșȒțȘȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșț ȒȈȒ ȉȣ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȓȈșȤ ș ȏȈȎ-
ȎȍȕȕȖȑ șȗȐȟȒȖȑ ȗȖȌ șȚȖȓ Ǫșȧ ȗȖȏȈ ǻȖȚȈ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȓȈ ȉȍȏțȟȈ-
șȚȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȖșȚȤ ȕȖ Ȋ ȓȐȞȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ ȍȌȊȈ
șȒȘȣȊȈȍȔȖȍ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ Ȋȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȏțȉȣ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȖșȒȈȓȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖȌ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ țșȐ-
ȒȈȔȐ Ǫ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ǻȖȚ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȠȍȗȕțȊ ȖȚ-
ȔȈȝȕțȊȠȍȔțșȧ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ǷȐȚȍȘț ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȖ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȕȈ-
Țȣ
ǹȖȊȍȡȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȖșȤ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȕȍȟȚȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖȍ
ǹȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȑ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȑ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ, ȚȖȊ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ, ș ȓȍȋ-
ȒȐȔ ȒȘȐȒȖȔ ȊȣȝȊȈȚȐȓ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ șȚȖȓȈ ȘțȒț ș ȘȈșȚȖȗȣȘȍȕȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖȚȠȊȣȘȕțȊ șȚțȓ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ.
ǪșȒȖȟȐȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȧȧșȤ ȟȤȍȔț-ȚȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏț Ȑ Ȋșȍ
ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȍ

75
ǷȍȘȍȌ Ȑȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȕȍȖȉȢȧșȕȐȔȈȧ șȞȍȕȈ
ȌȊțȔȧ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȘțȒ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ șȉȘȖșȐȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȖ
șȖ ȊșȍȔȐ ȉțȔȈȋȈȔȐ Ȑ ȔȧȋȒȖ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȓ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ ȌțȉȖȊȣȑ
șȚȖȓ ǰ ȚțȚ Ȋșȍ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ Ȑ ȚȖȓȗȖȑ ȠȈȘȈȝȕțȓȐșȤ Ȓ
ȏȈȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȐ ǵȈ ȗȖȟȍȘȕȍȊȠȍȑ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȌȖșȒȍ ȗȖȉȓȍ-
șȒȐȊȈȓȈ ȉȍȓȈȧ șȚȈȓȤ ȌȐȕȈȔȐȚȕȖȋȖ ȗȈȚȘȖȕȈ Ȉ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȌȦȑȔȍ
ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȚȓȍȓȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȈȧ ȐșȒȘȈ ȋȖȘȧȡȍȋȖ ȜȐȚȐȓȧ ǵȖ ȜȐȚȐȓȤ
ȕȍ ȌȖȋȖȘȍȓ dzȖȊȒȐȍ țȔȍȓȣȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ DzȘȈș-
ȕȖȊȈ șȔȧȓȐ Ȑ ȏȈȚțȠȐȓȐ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȗȖȚȘȍșȒȐȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȖȋȖȕȍȒ
ǶșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȊȣȕțȊ Ȑȏ ȗȈȚȘȖȕȈ ȖșȚȈȚȒȐ ȜȐȚȐȓȧ Ȗȕ ȊȣȗȘȧ-
ȔȐȓșȧ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȖȉȊȍȓ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȐȝ
— ǩȖȔȉȈ ȗțȡȍȕȕȈȧ Ȋ ȌȍȓȖ ȌȊȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ǽȖ-
ȘȖȠȐȑ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȓȔȐȕțȚȣ ȖȚ Ȋșȍȑ ȥȚȖȑ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ șȖ ȊșȍȔ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȡȐȔșȧ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ȒțȟȐ ȡȍȗȖȒ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȐȏȔȈȏȈȕȕȣȝ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ
6
ǸȞȎȟțȜȐ ȜȏȨȭȟțȭȓȠȟȭ
ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȍ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐ Ȗș-
ȚȈȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ Țȍȝ Ȏȍ ȗȖȏȈȝ Ȋ ȒȈȒȐȝ Ȑȝ ȏȈșȚȈȓȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖȍ
ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȗȘȖȠȓȈ șȈȔȈ șȔȍȘȚȤ,
ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȊ ȐȔ Ȋ șȈȔȣȍ ȏȘȈȟȒȐ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȔȐ ȕȍȔȐȋȈȦ-
ȡȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ. ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ ȗȘȖșȚȖȧȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ
șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ, ș ȘȈșșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȌȈȎȍ
ȕȍ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ țȕȧȚȤ ȗȘȣȋȈȦȡțȦ ȟȍȓȦșȚȤ, Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȕȈ-
ȝȓȖȉțȟȐȓ șȕȧȚȣȑ ȞȐȓȐȕȌȘ Ȑ ȠȈȋȕțȓ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ
— ǹȚȖȑȚȍ ȔȐșȚȍȘ — DzȘȈșȕȖȊ Ȋȏȧȓ ǫȈȕȕȖȊȍȘȈ ȏȈ ȘțȒț Ȑ
ȖȚȊȍȓ ȍȋȖ ȊȋȓțȉȤ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ
— ǿȚȖ ȟȚȖ. ȟȚȖ ȊȈȔ ȕȈȌȖ" — ǫȈȕȕȖȊȍȘ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȊȣȘ-
ȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȦ șȓȈȉțȦ ȓȈȌȖȕȤ Ȑȏ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȝ ȕȍȋȕțȡȐȝșȧ ȗȈȓȤ-
ȞȍȊ DzȘȈșȕȖȊȈ

76
— Ǩ ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȔȐșȚȍȘ DzȈȎȍȚșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧȠȕȍȍ
șȖȉȣȚȐȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȕȍ ȉȍȏ țȟȈșȚȐȧ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȋȖ ȚȘȍ-
șȚȈ ȇ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ ȊȈș ȏȈȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȓ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ǪȐȌȐȚȍ ȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȝȖ-
ȚȍȓȐ ȖȌȕȐȔ țȌȈȘȖȔ țȉȐȚȤ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈș Ȉ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȍ ȕȍ
ȗȈȓȖ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȊșȧȒȐȑ șȓț-
ȟȈȑ ǪȖȚ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖșȚȤ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȐșȚȖȊ ǵȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȕȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ
Ǫȣ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ ȍȡȍ ȕȈȟȕȍȚȍ ȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ ȊȍȏȌȍ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐ-
ȓȖșȤ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ǷȖȓȐȞȐȧ ȗȖȌȝȊȈȚȐȚ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚșȧ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȟȐȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ țȉȐȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȗȖșȓȈȕȕȖȋȖ Ȓ ȕȐȔ Ȍȓȧ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ ǯȕȈȦ ȧ ȊȈȠȍ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ǺȈȒ ȊȖȚ…
— ǷȖȊȍȘȤȚȍ șȥȘ — ǫȈȕȕȖȊȍȘ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȋ șȍȉȧ Ȑ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȋȒȖȍ ȌȘȖȎȈȕȐȍ ȊȣȌȈȊȈȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ — ǷȖȊȍȘȤ-
Țȍ ȧ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȍȓȍȕ ȊȈȔ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ Ȋȣ — ȋȖȓȖș ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȧ șȕȖȊȈ ȖșȍȒșȧ
— ǵț ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȐȌȐȚȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȚȈȑȚȍ ȊȏȌȖȘȈ Ǵȣ șȈȔȐ șȔȖ-
ȎȍȔ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȈȚȤșȧ ș ȕȈȠȐȔȐ ȊȘȈȋȈȔȐ ǵȖ ȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ Ȋȣ ȖȉȍȡȈ-
ȓȐǶșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕȍȞ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȔȖȚȕțȓ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ Ȑșȟȍȏ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȌȣȘȍ ȌȊȍȘȐ ǵȈ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ țȚȐȝȈȓȐ
ȍȋȖ ȕȍȘȖȊȕȣȍ ȏȈȗȓȍȚȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȠȈȋȐ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ ǷȍȚȍȘ-
șȖȕ Ȑ ȕȍȋȘ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȚȐșȒȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒȐ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ
ȗȖȚȕȣȝ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȝ ȘțȒȈȝ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ǬȎȍȔș ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓ țȟȈ-
șȚȐȧ Ȋ ȖȉȠȍȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖșȚȐ ȍȡȍ ȌȖ țȝȖȌȈ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȧ
Ȗȕ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȉȘȈțȕȐȕȋ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ Ȋȣș-
ȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ
— ǵȖ ȒȚȖ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ" — șȚȈȘȐȒ ǷȍȚȍȘșȖȕ ȌȘȖȎȈȓ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ-
ȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ. — ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ ǻȖȚ" ǹȊȖȑ ȉȘȈȚ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȑ ȕȍțȎȍȓȐ"
— DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȏȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ȅȚȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ Ȓț-ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈȕȈ ȇ
ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȦ ȟȚȖ ǻȖȚ Ȑ ȕȈ ȜȈȉȘȐȒț-ȚȖ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȓ ȒȈȒ ȟȓȍȕ
ȥȚȖȑ ȗȖȌȓȖȑ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȐ ǷȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȕȈȔ ȍȡȍ ȗȖȉȖȘȖȚȤșȧ ș
ȕȐȔȐ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȧȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ ȇ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȓȐ șȘȈȏț ȏȈȔȍ-
ȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ș ȥȚȐȔ ǻȖȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȓȈȌȕȖ țȎ ȖȟȍȕȤ Ȗȕ ȊȖȓȕȖ-
ȊȈȓșȧ ȋȓȈȏȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ ț ȒȘȣșȣ Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȧ Ȋșȍ
ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ ȋȌȍ ȧ ȍȋȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȑ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ǭȡȍ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȚȈȟ-
ȒȐ Ȋ ǿȐȒȈȋȖ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ șȘȍȌȐ șȚȈȟȒȖȓȖȔȖȊ Ǵȣ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȖ
ȗȖȔȧȓȐ ȐȔ ȉȖȒȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖȚ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ-ȚȖ ȧ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ
— Ǩ ȉȖȔȉȈ" DzȈȒ Ȋȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȤ"

77
— ǵț ȥȚȖ-ȚȖ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȗțșȚȧȒȐ ȇ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȓȍȌȐȓ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ.
ǵț Ȉ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȚȤ ȊȕȐȏ ȌȈ ȏȈȎȍȋ șȗȐȟȒț ȚțȚ ȧ
ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȚȤ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȘțȒț ȗȖȌ șȚțȓ Ȑ ȕȈȡțȗȈȓ
ȠȕțȘ ǬȖȠȍȓ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ Ȑ ȖȉȎȍȋșȧ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȊȏȌȖȘ ȗȖ
șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȦ ș ȕȈȠȐȔȐ ȉȍȓȖȋȊȈȘȌȍȑȞȈȔȐ ǪȖȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ț ȕȈș
Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ Ȋ ǿȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȐșșȐȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ȚȈȔ ȉȣȓȐ Ȍȍ-
ȓȈ Ǫ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȚȐȝȖ ȗȖȠȍȓ ǬȎȍȔș Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ț ȌȊȍȘȍȑ
— ǻȉȍȎȈȓ" — DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ș ȧșȕȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ
ǬȎȍȔșȈ
— ǬȈ To-ȍșȚȤ ǶȚȒțȌȈ Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ"
ȇ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȖȑȔȈȚȤ ǻȖȚȈ ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȤȚȍ șȍȉȍ Ȗȕ
șȐȌȍȓ ȊȕȐȏț Ȑ ȎȌȈȓ ȊȏȘȣȊȈ DzȖȋȌȈ țȊȐȌȍȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ș ȘȍȊȖȓȤ-
ȊȍȘȖȔ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȉțȔȈȋȈ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȧȔ ȇ ȍȋȖ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ țșȗȍȓ ȘȈȏȈ ȌȊȈ șȈȗȖȋȖȔ țȌȈȘȐȚȤ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ, ȔȖȎȕȖ
ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈșȚȘȍȓȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ
— ǰ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖ șȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ șȚȘȍȓȧȓȐ ȅȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȕȈȔ
ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȏȈȔȧȚȤ ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ ȚȘȍșȚȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȔȖȓȟȈȚȤ
ǪȖȚ ȉȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȍȟȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȕȦȝȈȓȈ
7
ȄȓțȠȞȎșȪțȩȗ ȠȞȓȟȠ ȖțȠȓȞȓȟȡȓȠȟȭ ȟȠȎȥȘȜȗ
ǷȍȟȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȗȘȖȕȦȝȈȓȈ ȒȖȍ-ȟȚȖ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍ ȚȈțȕ-
ȠȐȘșȒȈȧ ȗȍȟȈȚȤ Ǫ șȈȔȖȔ ǺȈțȕȠȐȘȍ ȕȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ
ȋȈȏȍȚȣ — Ȋșȍ ȗȍȟȈȚȕȐȒȐ ȗȘȐșȖȍȌȐȕȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȊșȍȖȉȡȍȑ ȏȈȉȈ-
șȚȖȊȒȍ ǯȈȚȖ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȋȖȘȖȌȈȝ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȧ șȖ șȚȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȖȋȘȖȔ-
ȕȖȋȖ ǷȐȚȚșȉțȘȋȈ Ȑ ȒȖȕȟȈȧ ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒȖȔ Ȑ ǿȐȒȈȋȖ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ȒȐȗȍȓȈ ȊȖȊșȦ ǪȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ Ȋșȍȝ Ȑ Ȋ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ǷȐȚȚșȉțȘȋȈ
ȉȐȓȖ țșȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȖ ȕȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȑ ȏȈșȚȣȊȠȐȑ ǺȈțȕȠȐȘ ǭȡȍ ȉȣ,
ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȉȣȓ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȝ ȖșȕȖȊ ǾȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ
ȚȘȍșȚȈ ǰ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȍ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȟȓȍȕ ȗȘȈȊ-

78
ȓȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ǷȐȚȚșȉțȘȋȍ, ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǫȈȘȊȍȑ, ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȚȣ-
ȊȈȓ șȊȍȎȐȍ ȕȖȔȍȘȈ ȋȈȏȍȚ ǻȊȣ ǬȘțȋȐȝ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȖȊ ȐȕȜȖȘ-
ȔȈȞȐȐ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȐ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ șȖȍȌȐȕȧȦȡȐȑ
ǷȐȚȚșȉțȘȋ ș ǺȈțȕȠȐȘȖȔ, ȕȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ țȎȍ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ
DzȈȒ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚșȧ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȍțȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȓȐ Ȑ ȐȏȊȘȈ-
ȚȐȓȐ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ Ȋ ©ǹȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȔ ȘȈȉȖȟȍȔª Ǫ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȐȝ
ȊȣȗțșȒȈȝ ȗȐȚȚșȉțȘȋșȒȖȋȖ ©ǵȤȦșȈª ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȥȒșȚȘȍȕȕȣȍ
ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȣ Ȗ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȐ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ș ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȍȔ ȚȘȍșȚȖȊ
ǷȐșȈȓȐ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȐȏȋȖȓȖȌȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȘȈșșȊȐȘȍȗȍȊȠȐȍ șȚȈȟȍȟ-
ȕȐȒȐ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ țȉȐȓȐ țȗȖȓȕȖȔȖȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ
ȗȖȑȚȐ ȕȈ țșȚțȗȒȐ ǻȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐ Ȗ ȘȧȌȍ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ
ȟȓȍȕȣ ǹȚȈȟȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚȈ ȖȉȔȍȕȧȓȐșȤ ș ȗȖȌȖșȗȍȊȠȐȔȐ
ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒȐȔȐ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȟȓȍȕȖȊ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚȈ ȉȣȓ
țȉȐȚ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈȔȐ ȏȈ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȍȕ ȗȖȌ ȗȖȓȖȔ
©ǹȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȉȖȟȍȋȖª ǶȌȕȐȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ ȞȍȓȈȧ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȈ ȕȍ-
ȗȘȈȊȌȖȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȑ ȟȍȗțȝȐ ȕȈȉȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȒȘțȗȕȣȔ ȠȘȐȜȚȖȔ ǰ
ȥȚȖ ȊȘȈȕȤȍ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȧȓȐ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȣ ȋȈȏȍȚȕȣȝ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧ-
ȘȖȊ Ȑ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȡȐȝ ȔȈȠȐȕ ȊȣȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ
ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȒȈȝ
ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǫȈȘȊȍȑ ȟȓȍȕ ȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ǾȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȚȘȍșȚȈ, ș
ȉȍȠȍȕșȚȊȖȔ șȒȖȔȒȈȓ ȋȈȏȍȚȕȣȑ ȓȐșȚ Ȑ ȏȈȗțșȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ țȋȖȓ
ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȈ ȔȐȔȖ ȓȐȞȈ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȖșȚȘȈșȚȕȖȋȖ ȓȈ-
Ȓȍȧǿȓȍȕ ȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǫȈȘȊȍȑ ȉȣȓ ȕȍ Ȋ Ȍțȝȍ ǰ ȉȣȓȖ
Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȟȍȋȖ ǻȎȍ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȓ-
șȚȈȧ ȖȚȒȖȘȔȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȒȈ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȈ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȈȔ Ȋ ȉȓȍșȚȧ-
ȡȍȔ ȈȊȚȖ ȊȏȓȍȚȈȓȈ ȕȈ șȖȘȖȒȖȊȣȍ ȥȚȈȎȐ ȒȖȕȚȖȘ Ȑ ȉȈȕȒȖȊ
ȗȖȌȊȍȌȖȔșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȚȘȍșȚț șȐȌȍȓȈ ț ȗȘȐȍȔȕȐȒȖȊ ȘȈȌȐȖȋȘȈ-
ȜȖȊ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȧ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȒȖȕȞȣ ǹȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȝ
ȀȚȈȚȖȊ ǵȖ șȐȌȍȚȤ Ȋ ǷȐȚȚșȉțȘȋȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȏȈ  ȊȍȘșȚ ȖȚ ȥȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȋȖ ǺȈțȕȠȐȘȈ, Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ
ǪȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȈȟȈȓȖȔ șȚȈȟȒȐ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȣȍ ȌȖșȚȐ-
ȎȍȕȐȧ ;; ȊȍȒȈ ǺȈțȕȠȐȘ ȋȖȘȖȌ, ȊȣșȚȘȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌ-
ȕȍȔț șȓȖȊț ȚȍȝȕȐȒȐ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȌȐȒțȦ ȌȍȘȍȊ-
ȕȦ Ǫșȍ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȕȣ ǵȍȚ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ
ȥȕȍȘȋȐȐ ǷȖȍȏȌȈ ȕȍ ȝȖȌȧȚ ȅȚȖȚ ȐȌȐȖȚ ǫȈȕȕȖȊȍȘ ȔȖȓȟȐȚ
ȒȈȒ ȌțȘȈȒ ǺȘȍșȚ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ ȚȍȘȗȐȚ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ țȉȣȚȒȐ ǵȍȚ
ȔȕȍȚȍȘ ǫȈȘȊȍȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȊȣȕȖșȐȚȤ

79
ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȧ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ
ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǫȈȘȊȍȑ șȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȈȚȍȕȚȖȊȈȕȕȖȔ ȌȐȊȈȕȍ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ
ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ȕȈ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȗȧȚȖȔ ȥȚȈȎȍ ȗȐȚșȉțȘȋșȒȖȋȖ ȕȍȉȖșȒȘȍ-
ȉȈ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȡȍȋȖ ǾȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȔț ȚȘȍșȚț, Ȑ ȕȍȋȖȌȖȊȈȓ ǵȖ
ȕȍȋȖȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȉȍȏȌȍȓȤȕȐȒ ǵțȎȕȖ ȗȖșȖȊȍȚȖ-
ȊȈȚȤșȧ ș ȒȖȓȓȍȋȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȣȧșȕȐȚȤ ȐșȚȐȕȕȖȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȍȍȓ
ǷȘȖȚȧȕțȚȤ ȉȍȓțȦ ȎȐȘȕțȦ țȕȐȏȈȕȕțȦ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȔȐ
ȒȈȔȕȧȔȐ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȕȈȎȈȚȤ ȘȣȟȈȋ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȌȐȖȜȖȕȈ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ, ȗȘȐȊȐȕȟȍȕȕȣȑ Ȓ șȚȖȓț ȈȗȗȈ-
ȘȈȚ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȓ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȚȐȝȐȔ ȎțȎȎȈȕȐȍȔ DzȘțȋȓȖȍ ȊȣȗțȒ-
ȓȖȍ șȚȍȒȓȣȠȒȖ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ ȗȍȘȍȓȐȊȈȓȖșȤ ȊșȍȔȐ ȞȊȍȚȈȔȐ ȘȈȌț-
ȋȐ ǿȓȍȕ ȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȕȈȎȐȔȈȚȤ ȘȣȟȈȋ
— ǹȓțȠȈȦ — ǨȗȗȈȘȈȚ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ ȎțȎȎȈȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ Ȋȣ-
ȉȘȈșȣȊȈȓ ȖȚȘȣȊȐșȚȣȍ ȝȘȐȗȓȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ Ȋ
șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȖȔ ȒȘțȎȒȍ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȖșȤ ȧȘȒȖȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȝțȌȖȋȖ
ȋȓȈȌȒȖ ȊȣȉȘȐȚȖȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ ǫȈȘȊȍȑ șȖȍȌȐȕȐȓșȧ ș ȕȤȦ-ȑȖȘȒș-
ȒȐȔ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȍȔ ǾȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȚȘȍșȚȈ
— ǴȐșȚȍȘ Ƿȥȕ" — ǷȘȧȔȖ șȐȌȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȖȔ ǫȈȘȊȍȑ
ȊȕțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȓ ȒȈȎȌȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ șȚȘȖȋȖ ȋȓȧȌȧ Ȋ șȚȍ-
ȒȓȧȕȕȖȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȗȖ ȗȖȊȖȌț ȚȈțȕȠȐȘșȒȖȑ
șȚȈȟȒȕ ǫȖȘȖȌ ȖȚȘȍȏȈȕ ǵȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȑ ǫȈȏȍȚȣ ȕȍșțȚ
ȊȏȌȖȘ ǪȈȠȍ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȗȖȊȖȌț"
ǹȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȖȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȏȈȌȊȐȋȈȓȖșȤ
— ǵȖ ȘȈȏȊȍ șȚȈȟȒȈ ȕȍ ȓȐȒȊȐȌȐȘȖȊȈȕȈ" Ǫȣ Ȕȍȕȧ țȌȐȊ-
ȓȧȍȚȍ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǫȈȘȊȍȑ ǷȖȓȕȖȔȖȟȐȧ ȌȈȕȕȣȍ ȒȓȈȕț
— ǸȈȉȖȟȐȍ ȌȍȘȎȈȚșȧ ǷȖȊȚȖȘȧȦ — șȊȧȏȐ ș ȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ ȕȍȚ
— dzȐȒȊȐȌȐȘțȑȚȍ ȌȍȓȖ șȒȖȘȍȍ ǵȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ țșȚțȗȖȒ ȅȚȖ
ȗȖȌȈȍȚ ȊȘȍȌȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ǵȈȗȘȧȋȐȚȍ Ȋșȍ șȐȓȣ
ǫȈȘȊȍȑ ȖȚȗțșȚȐȓ ȘȣȟȈȋ ǵȖȊȖȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ǹȕȖȊȈ ȏȈȠȐ-
ȗȍȓ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ Ȑ Ȋ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȖȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȊȣȗȓȣȓȖ ȕȖȊȖȍ
ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ
— ǿȐȒȈȋȖ ǫȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȗȓȍȕ ȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ǾȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȚȘȍ-
șȚȈ ǬȥȘȉȐ Ǩȝ ȥȚȖ Țȣ, ǫȈȘȊȍȑ ǵț ȒȈȒ șȚȈȟȒȈ"
— ǵȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȑ ȇ țȎȍ șȊȧȏȈȓșȧ ș ǷȥȕȖȔ ǫȈȕȕȖ-
ȊȍȘ ȔȖȓȟȐȚ ǪȈȠȍ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǬȥȘȉȐ"
— ȇ ȚȖȎȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ș ǷȥȕȖȔ Ƕȕ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȘȈȊ Ǵȣ ȕȍ
ȔȖȎȍȔ țșȚțȗȐȚȤ ǵȖ ȏȈȊȖȌȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȗțȡȍȕȣ ǬȍȓȈ
ȚȘȍșȚȈ ȠȈȚȈȦȚșȧ ǷȖȗȘȖȉțȑȚȍ șȊȧȏȈȚȤșȧ ș ȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ ǵȍ ȎȈ-

ȓȍȑȚȍ ȏȈȚȘȈȚ
ǨȗȗȈȘȈȚ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓ
ǫȈȘȊȍȑ ȖȚȒȐȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȒț ȌȐȊȈȕȈ Ȑ ȕȈȎȈȓ ȒȕȖȗȒț Ȋ
șȚȍȕȍ Ǫ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȕȍșȓȣȠȕȣȔȐ ȠȈȋȈȔȐ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȏȈȚȧȕțȚȣȑ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȜȘȈȒ
— ǬȎȍȘȊȐ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȑ"
— ǵȐȒȈȒȐȝ șȥȘ Ǫșȍ ȚȈțȕȠȐȘșȒȐȍ ȗȘȐȍȔȕȐȒȐ ȔȖȓȟȈȚ
ȇ ȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ șȖȍȌȐȕȧȚȤșȧ ǷȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ
ǶȚ șȚȖȓȈ ȚȍșȕȖ țșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȔȐ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈ-
ȔȐ Ƞȍȓ ȘȍȏȒȐȑ ȏȊȖȕ ǹȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȤ ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȓ Ȓ șȚȖȓț
— ǯȊȖȕȧȚ ȗȖ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕț ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǫȈȘȊȍȑ ȗȖ ȚȖȔț ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȑ ȕȍ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȍȚșȧ ȕȈȔȐ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ ǹȓțȠȈȦ ǬȈ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ
ȔȐșȚȍȘȈ ǫȈȘȊȍȧ ǫȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȑȏ ǺȈțȕȠȐȘȈ" ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǫȈȕȕȖȊȍȘ
ȝȖȟȍȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǫȈȘȊȍȑ
ǩȣȓȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȊȏȧȚȤ Ȋ ȘțȒț șȚȈȘȖȔȖȌȕțȦ ȚȧȎȍ-
ȓțȦ ȒȈțȟțȒȖȊțȦ ȚȘțȉȒț ǵȖ ȟȓȍȕ ȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ǫȈȘȊȍȑ șȌȍȓȈȓ
ȥȚȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȍȓȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȈ Ǫ ȚȘțȉȒȍ ȝȘȐȗȍȓ ȟȍȑ-ȚȖ ȕȍȊȕȧȚȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȌțȠȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș
— ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǫȈȘȊȍȑ ǬȈ ǵȍȚ ȕȍ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǫȈȕȕȖȊȍȘ ǫȖȊȖȘȐȚ
ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȔȍșȚȕȖȋȖ Ȓț-ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈȕȈ ǫȈȕȕȖȊȍȘ ȉȖȓȍȕ —
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ ȕȍȘȊȕȖȍ ȗȖȚȘȧșȍȕȐȍ ǬȈ ȌȈ ȗȍȘȊȈȧ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȈ ȕȍ
țȌȈȓȈșȤ ǸȈȉȖȟȐȍ șȚȈȕțȚ Ȓ șȚȈȕȒȈȔ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȘȐ Ȍȕȧ ǬȖȓȋȖ"
ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȍȓȈȍȠȤ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǬȈ ȗȖȕȈȌȖȉȧȚșȧ ȍȡȍ ȒȖȍ-
ȒȈȒȐȍ ȏȈȚȘȈȚȣ Țȣșȧȟ ȌȖ  Ǫȣ șȖȋȓȈșȕȣ" ǩțȌȍȔ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ș
ȊȈȔȐ șȊȧȏȤ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚț ǭȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȗțșȚȐȚȤ Ȋ ȝȖȌ șȊȖȐȔȐ șȐȓȈȔȐ ǫțȌ ȉȈȑ
ǿȓȍȕ ȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ǫȈȘȊȍȑ ȉȍȘȍȎȕȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȚȘțȉȒț ȕȈ
ȔȍșȚȖ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȌȖȊȖȓȍȕ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȚȘȐ ȌȐȕ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ ȕȈȟȕțȚ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȅȚȖ ȖȉȍȡȈȍȚ șȈȔ Ȓț-ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈȕ ǯȈ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȍ
șȚȖȐȚ ȗȘȐȗȓȈȚȐȚȤ ȌȈȎȍ  Țȣșȧȟ ȌȖȓȓȈȘȖȊ
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Ǹȡ-ȘșȡȘȟ-ȘșȎț țȎȟȠȡȝȎȓȠ ȀȎȖțȟȠȐȓțțȩȓ
ȖȟȥȓȕțȜȐȓțȖȭ
ȅȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ Ȋȕȍ ǺȈțȕȠȐȘȈ Ǩ șȈȔ ǺȈțȕȠȐȘ ȔȍȘȚ-
Ȋȣȑ ȓȐȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ș ȚȍȔȕȣȔȐ, ȕȍȖșȊȍ-
ȡȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈȔ țȓȐȞȈȔȐ ȎȐȓ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȤȦ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ Ȑ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȑ
ǶȉȣȊȈȚȍȓȐ-ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒȐ ȔȍȓȒȐȍ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȞȣ șȓțȎȈȡȐȍ ȔȈ-
ȋȈȏȐȕȖȊ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȧȚȐȑ ȘȖȉȒȖ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȗȖ ȌȖȔȈȔ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȧșȤ ȕȈ țȓȐȞț, Ȋ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȐ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȋȖ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍ-
ȕȐ ǷȖȓȐȞȐȧ ȉȍȏȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ — ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ ȊȍȓȐ șȍȉȧ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ
Ȑ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȍ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȐ șȖȏȌȈȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȗȖ-
ȊȖȌ ȗȖȊȖȌ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȋȘȖȔȖȊ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓșȧ
ǺȍȔ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ șȒȖȘȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȌȖȓȎ-
ȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȐȚȤșȧ
ǵȈȟȈȓȈșȤ ȊȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȍȌȍȓȧ șȚȈȟȒȐ ǯȈȉȈșȚȖȊȡȐȒȐ ȋȖȓȖȌȈ-
ȓȐ ȕȖ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ǿȓȍȕȣ ǹȚȈȟȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȐȚȍ-
ȚȈ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș DzȘȈșȕȖȊȣȔ Ȑȏ șȐȓ ȊȣȉȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȌȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȚȤ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ ȔȈșșȣ ǻșȚȘȈȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȔȐȚȐȕȋȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȝ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓȐ ȌȍșȧȚȒȐ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȝ ȉȖȘȖȚȤșȧ ȌȖ
ȒȖȕȞȈ
ǰ ȚțȚ-ȚȖ Ȓț-ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈȕ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȗȖșȖ-
ȉȍȕǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȊȣșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȑ ǾȍȏȈȘȧ Ǹȥȕȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈș-
ȕȖȋȖ ȖȘȈȚȖȘȈ șȚȖȧȡȐȑ ț ȚȘȐȉțȕȣ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȒȘȐȒȖȔ ©ǩȍȑ
ȕȍȋȘȐȚȧȕșȒȐȝ șȖȉȈȒ» ȚȘȍȔȧ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȈ țȉȐȓ
ȍȋȖ ȕȈȗȖȊȈȓ Ȑ șȒȘȣȓșȧ ȖȚșȚȘȍȓȐȊȈȧșȤ ȖȚ ȕȈșȍȌȈȦȡȍȑ ȚȖȓ-
ȗȣ Ǫ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȘȈȏ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȋȐȉ ȗȖȌ țȌȈȘȖȔ ȒȐȕ-
ȎȈȓȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȍȌȊȈ țșȗȍȓ ȖȚȊȍșȚȐ
șȚȖȧȊȠȐȑ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǷȖȓȐȞȐȧ ȚȖȎȍ ȊȍȓȈ șȍȉȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ
șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȒȖȔȐșșȈȘ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȖȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȔȐȚȐȕȋȈȝ
ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓșȧ ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȗțșȚȧȟȕȣȔ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȕȐȍȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȓȐ-
ȠȐȚȤ ȖȘȈȚȖȘȈ șȓȖȊȈ ǶȌȐȕ ȘȈȏ ǷȍȚȍȘșȖȕț ȍȌȊȈ țȌȈȓȖșȤ șȗȈș-

82
ȚȐșȤ ȖȚ ȈȘȍșȚȈ ǩȣȓȖ ȘȍȠȍȕȖ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȚȤ ȔȐȚȐȕȋȐ ȕȖȟȤȦ
ȗȖȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȖȚ ȉȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȐ. ǹȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ ȗȍȘȍȕȖ-
șȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȈȔȍȕȖȓȖȔȕȐ ȕȈ ȗȓȈȞȣ ȏȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȣȝ
ȋțȓȧȕȐȑ Ȋ ȖȒȘȈȐȕȕȣȍ ȗȈȘȒȐ Ȑ șȒȊȍȘȣ
ǸȈșȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ — ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȘȍȟȐ Ȑ ȗȘȍȕȐȧ ȏȈ-
ȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȌȖ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȈ ǵȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ș ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȑ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓȐșȤ șȈȔȣȍ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȧ
DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȖȘȈȚȖȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓșȧ ȟȍȔ-ȓȐȉȖ ȗȘȐ șȊȖȍȔ
ȊȣșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȐ ȉȍșșȓȍȌȕȖ ȐșȟȍȏȈȓ Ȋ Țț Ȏȍ ȕȖȟȤ ǷȍȘȊȣȔ ȗȘȖ-
ȗȈȓ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȑ-ȒȖȔȔțȕȐșȚ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȠȐȑ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ
ȈȋȐȚȈȞȐȖȕȕțȦ ȘȍȟȤ ȕȈ ȔȐȚȐȕȋȍ Ȋ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȖ-

83
ȓȖȔȕȍ ǴȈȚȤ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌȖȎȌȈȓȈșȤ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȥȚț ȕȖȟȤ Ȑ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȗȖ-
șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȍ ǶȘȈȚȖȘ Ȑșȟȍȏ ȉȍșșȓȍȌȕȖ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ Ȑșȟȍȏ
ȌȘțȋȖȑ — șȓȍșȈȘȤ ȚȖȎȍ ȐȔȍȊȠȐȑ ȠțȔȕȣȑ țșȗȍȝ ț șȓțȠȈȚȍ-
ȓȍȑ Ȉ ȕȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ ǹȚȈȟȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȐ-
ȚȍȚȈ ǷȍȚȍȘșȖȕ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ șȖȉȘȈȊȠȐȔșȧ ȕȈ ȔȐȚȐȕȋȍ Ȋ ȏȈ-
ȋȖȘȖȌȕȖȔ șȈȌț ȗȘȐȏȣȊȈȧ Ȑȝ Ȓ șȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȦ Ȑ ȖȉȍȡȈȧ ȕȈȑ-
ȚȐ ȗȘȐȟȐȕț șȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȐșȟȍȏȕȖȊȍȕȐȑ ǵȈ țȋȓț ǿȐȗȓȍȑ-ǹȚȘȐȚ
Ȑ ǹȚȘȐȚ-ǶȚȍȑȓȤ — ȌȊțȝ ȞȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȐȝ țȓȐȞ, — Ȗȕ
ȗȖȗȘȖȡȈȓșȧ ș ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈȔȐ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȊȠȐȔȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȔȐ-
ȚȐȕȋȈ
ǭȋȖ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȗȧȚȐ ȠȈȋȈȝ ȏȈ țȋȓȖȔ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȋȖ ȔȕȖȋȖȥȚȈȎȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ǵȖ ǷȍȚȍȘșȖȕ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌȖȠȍȓ ȌȖ
ȕȍȍ Ƕȕ Ȑșȟȍȏ ȉȍșșȓȍȌȕȖ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ ȐșȟȍȏȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȠȍ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȐ
ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ șȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȔ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȟȐȒȍ ȗȖ-
șȘȍȌȐ ȗțșȚȖȑ ȏȈȓȣ țșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝțȋȖȓȤȕȣȔȐ șȚȖȓȐ-
ȒȈȔȐ Ȑ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȘȈȏȘȍȏȈȚȤ ȚțȗȣȔ ȕȖȎȖȔ ȚȊȍȘȌȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȗȖ-
ȌȖȠȊȈ ȉȐȜȠȚȍȒș ǽȓȖȗȕțȓȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ ȕȈȉȖȘȡȐȒ ǷȐȚȍȘ
ǬȎȍȔș ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȊȠȐșȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ DzȘȈșȕȖȊȣȔ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȧșȤ șȖȖȉ-
ȡȐȓ ȍȔț Ȗ ȕȖȊȖȔ ȐșȟȍȏȕȖȊȍȕȐȐ.
— DzȈȒ" ǷȍȚȍȘșȖȕ" — ȊȐȓȒȈ ȊȣȗȈȓȈ Ȑȏ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȊ DzȘȈșȕȖ-
ȊȈ ǬȎȍȔș ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ șȚțȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș DzȘȈșȕȖ-
ȊȣȔ
— ǬȈ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȗȈȓ Ǵȣ ȘȈșșȚȈȓȐșȤ ș ȕȐȔ ț șȈȔȣȝ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ
ȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȈșȈ Ȋ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ țȚȘȈ ǰ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȗȈȓ ȗȘȖ-
ȗȈȓ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ
— ǵȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȗȕ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ ǷȐȚȍȘ" ǹȍȑȟȈș ȗȖȓ-
ȌȍȕȤ.
— ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ — ǬȎȍȔș șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ
ȏȈ ȘțȒț ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȊȠȍȋȖ DzȘȈșȕȖȊȈ — Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ ȕȐ șȍȋȖ-
Ȍȕȧ ȕȐ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ DzȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ șȐȓȣ ȗȘȍ-
șȓȍȌțȦȚ ȕȈș ȇ — ȔȈȘȒșȐșȚ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȦ ȕȐ Ȋ ȒȈȒțȦ ȟȍȘȚȖȊȡȐȕț
ȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȊȣȠȍ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ǸȈȉȖȟȐȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȧȚ
ȉȖȘȖȚȤșȧ ǬȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȧ ȕȍ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȓșȧ Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ǷȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ
ȧ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦ ȉȖȧȚȤșȧ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ
— ǷȐȚȍȘ țșȗȖȒȖȑȚȍșȤ ȅȚȖ șȕȖȊȈ ȠȚțȟȒȐ Ȓț-ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈ-
ȕȈ ȖȕȐ ȝȖȚȧȚ șȓȖȔȐȚȤ ȏȈȉȈșȚȖȊȒț ǵȖ Ȕȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ-

84
șȧ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȅȚȈ șȚȈȟȒȈ ȗȖȌȈșȚ ȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȔ Ȋșȍȝ ǹȖȍ-
ȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȀȚȈȚȖȊ ǭȡȍ ȚȘȐ Ȍȕȧ Ȑ ȚȘȍșȚ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖȑ-
ȚȐ ȕȈ ȕȈȠȐ țșȓȖȊȐȧ
— ǸȈȉȖȟȐȍ ȋȖȓȖȌȈȦȚ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȖȕȐ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ ȗȘȖȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȚȤșȧ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ǵȖ ȥȚȐ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ ȐșȟȍȏȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ
DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ȊșȚȈȓ
— ǹȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ǬȎȍȔș ȅȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȕțȎȕȖ ȊȣȧșȕȐȚȤ ȇ ȏȈȑ-
ȔțșȤ ȥȚȐȔ Ǵȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȊșȚțȗȐȚȤ Ȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȚțȦ ȉȖȘȤȉț ǵȈ șȍ-
ȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȣ ȊȣȉȖȘȣ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚȈ ǷȖșȓȍ ȊȣȉȖȘȖȊ
ȧ șȒȈȎț ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȊ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎț ȔȍȘȣ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ǰ ȍșȓȐ
ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚ
— Ǫȣ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȚȖȊ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ" ǵȖ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȚ-
șȧ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȟȚȖ ș ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ Ǫȣ ȐșȟȍȏȕȍȚȍ
DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ Ƕȕ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȘțȒț Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ Ȑ
șȕȖȊȈ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ ȍȍ Ǫ șȊȍȚȍ ȏȈȝȖȌȧȡȍȋȖ șȖȓȕȞȈ
șȊȍȘȒȕțȓȈ șȐȕȧȧ șȚȈȓȤ ȊȖșȤȔȐȏȈȘȧȌȕȖȋȖ ȉȘȈțȕȐȕȋȈ
9
ǼȣȜȠȎ ȕȎ ȥȓșȜȐȓȘȜȚ
ǵȖȟȤ ǺȤȔȈ ǻȏȒȐȍ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȣ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȖȊ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȍ ȔȈ-
ȓȖȒȘȖȊȕȣȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȕȈșȒȖȘȖ ȗȘȐșȗȖșȖȉȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȋȈȏȖȊȣȝ ȜȖ-
ȕȈȘȍȑ ǰ șȕȖȊȈ ȚȤȔȈ ǪȣșȚȘȍȓ ǰ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȍ șȊȐșȚȧȡȍȍ ȌȣȝȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȏȈȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȣȘȕțȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȔȘȈȒ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȗȍȘȍțȓ-
ȒȖȊ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȗȘȐȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ȐȏȕțȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȝȘȈȔȣȊȈȦ-
ȡȐȑ ȉȍȋ Ȑ Ȗȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ ǵȐȒȖȋȖ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȖȉȓȍȋȟȍȕȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȓ
ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȓȖȎȐȓ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȑ ȉȘȈțȕȐȕȋ Ȑȏ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȘțȒȐ Ȋ
ȓȍȊțȦ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȖȚ ȘȈȏȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ Ǫ Ȏȍȓ-
Țȣȑ ȒȘțȋ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȋȖ ȜȖȕȈȘȧ ȊșȚțȗȈȓȐ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ȌȊțȝ
ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȍȑ

85
ȅȚȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȖșȤ ȔȐȕțȚ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȕȖ ȗȘȍșȓȍ-
ȌțȍȔȖȔț ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȍȚșȧ țȎȍ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȟȈșȖȊ ǵȈ-
ȟȈȓȖșȤ ș ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓ ȕȈ ȔȐȚȐȕȋȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȚȖ-
ȚȣșȧȟȕȖȑ ȚȖȓȗȖȑ ș ȋȖȘȧȟȍȑ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȖȑ ȘȍȟȤȦ Ƕȕ ȘȈȏȖ-
ȉȓȈȟȈȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȐșȚȖȊ Ȓț-ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ
ȚȘȍșȚ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȌȍȘȎȐȚșȧ ȌȖȓȋȖ Ȑ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖȑȚȐ ȕȈ țșȚțȗ-
ȒȐ ǭȋȖ ȘȍȟȤ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓȈ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ǹȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȘȈș-
ȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖ ȕȍ șȌȈȊȈȚȤșȧ ȌȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȊȖȏȔȖȎ-
ȕȖșȚȐ ǪȣȠȓȐ ȋȘțȗȗȖȑ Ȋ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ  ȕȖ șȒȖȘȖ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ȖȚ-
ȌȍȓȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȖȌȐȕ ȒȘȈȚȟȈȑȠȐȔ ȗțȚȍȔ Ȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȋȖșȚȐȕȐ-
Ȟȍ ȗȖ șȓțȟȈȦ ȏȈȉȈșȚȖȊȒȐ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȑȕȣȍ ȓȐȕȐȐ ȕȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ
ǰ ȚțȚ-ȚȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ
DzȖȋȌȈ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓ Ȓ ǩȍȘȔțȌșȒȖȔț ȔȖșȚț ȖȚ șȚȍȕȣ
ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȚȌȍȓȐȓȐșȤ ȌȊȍ ș ȋȖȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȏȈȒțȚȈȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȍ ȜȐȋț-
Șȣ Ȑ ȕȍșȓȣȠȕȖ ȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ șȊȖȐ ȏȈȒȈ-
ȓȍȕȣȍ ȕȍȘȊȣ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ ȖȚ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȕȍ-
ȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȖȚșȚțȗȐȓ ȕȈ ȚȍȔȕțȦ ȔȖșȚȖȊțȦ Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȚȘȍ-
ȚȤȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȝȊȈȚȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȘțȒȐ șȏȈȌȐ ǹȉȖȒț ȗȖȌȉȍȋȈȓȐ ȍȡȍ
ȌȊȈ țȘȖȌȓȐȊȣȝ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȈ
ǪȣȘȊȈȚȤ ȘțȒț Ȑȏ ȞȍȗȒȐȝ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȊ ȌȈȚȤ șȎȈȚȣȔ ȒțȓȈȒȖȔ
ȗȖ ȒȈȗȦȠȖȕț ȖȌȕȖȔț ȕȈȗȈȌȈȦȡȍȔț DzȘȈșȕȖȊ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȒȈȒ
ȝȘțșȚȕțȓȈ ȟȍȓȦșȚȤ ȗȈȌȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȊȘȈȋȈ
 Ȑ țȌȈȘȐȚȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȗȖȌ
ȓȖȎȍȟȒț ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȍȓȖȔ ȠȍșȚȐ șȍȒțȕȌ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ȗȖȊȍȘ-
ȕțȓșȧ Ȑ, ȓȖȊȒȐȔ țȌȈȘȖȔ ȕȖȋȐ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȊ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȗȈ-
ȌȈȦȡȍȋȖ șȚȘȍȔȋȓȈȊ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȊȕȐȏ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȍ ǵȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȕȍ
ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȓȖșȤ ȥȚȐȔ
ǹȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ — ȖȚ țȋȓȖȊ ȔȐȔȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȉȍȋȈȓ
Ȑȏ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȖȊ ȖȚ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȑȕȣȝ ȉțȌȖȒ — ȖȚȖȊșȦȌț ȖȚ-
ȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȍ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ țșȚȘȍȔȓȧȧșȤ ȊșȓȍȌ
ȏȈ ȕȐȞ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ȍȡȍ ș ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ
ȊȖ ȊșȧȒțȦ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȖȏȕțȦ ȟȍȗțȝț Ȗȕ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ țȔȍȘȍȚȤ ȖȚ șțȍ-
ȊȍȘȕȖȋȖ țȎȈșȈ
ǺȈȒ ȕȈȟȈȓȈșȤ ȥȚȈ ȗȖȋȖȕȧ — ȊȐȝȘȍȔ ȓȍȚȧȡȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋȗȍ-
ȘȍȌȐ Ȑ ȊȍȘȍȕȐȞȈ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȉȍȏȋȓȈȏȣȝ ȜȐȋțȘ ȕȍșțȡȐȝșȧ ȊșȓȍȌ
ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȐȚșȧ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ
ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȉȍȏȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȖ ǹȚȖȐȓȖ ȌȖȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȌȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȗȖ-
ȓȐȞȍȑșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖșȚȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȉȍȋȕțȚȤ Ȓ ȏȈȡȐȚȍ ȏȈȒȖȕȈ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ
ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ șȓțȟȈȑ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ DzȘȈșȕȖȊȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȏȈȉȣȓ ȟȚȖ

86
Ȑȏ șȍȉȧ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȏȈȒȖȕȕȖșȚȤ ȉțȘȎțȈȏȕȣȝ șȚȘȈȕ ǯȈ ȥȚț
ȏȈȉȣȊȟȐȊȖșȚȤ ȍȔț ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȗȓȈȚȐȚȤșȧ
ǰȚȈȒ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȕȍȊȖȏȔțȚȐȔțȦ șȚȈȚțȦ ȘȖșȓȖȋȖ
ȗȖȓȐșȔȍȕȈ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ țȓȐȟȕȣȝ țȋȓȖȊ Ȑ ș ȒȘȐȒȖȔ ȉȘȖ-
șȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȥȚȈ șȚȈȚțȧ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȣȕțȓȈ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȓȖȎȐȓȈ ȍȔț ȕȍ șȒȈȕȌȈȓȐȚȤ Ȉ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȚȤ șȊȖȍȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ǷȘȍ-
șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȐ țȎȍ ȕȈȋȖȕȧȓȐ șȊȖȦ ȌȖȉȣȟț DzȘȍȗȒȖ ȊȣȘțȋȈȊ-
ȠȐșȤ Ȗȕ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ ȒȖȕșȚȍȉȓȤ ȕȈȟȈȓ
șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȘȈșȒțȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȚȘțȉȒț ǭȔț ȉȣȓȖ șȚȘȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȖ
ȕȍ ȊȔȍȠȐȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȌȍȓȈ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ
ǰȔȍȕȕȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȌȖ ȟȍȋȖ Ȗȕ ȉȍȏȏȈ-
ȡȐȚȍȕ Ȑ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȘȐȉȍȋȕțȚȤ Ȓ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȖȘțȎȐȧ.
ǬȖȉȍȎȈȊ ȌȖ ȜȖȕȈȘȧ Ȗȕ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȐȓ Ȋ șȈ-
ȔȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȖȊȖȔț ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȦ ǹ ȊȖȍȔ — ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ
ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȏȊțȒ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȗȖȋȖȕȐ ȏȈ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȧ — ȚȖȚ țȗȈȓ ǶșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȔȐȕțȋȣ Ǫȣ-

87
șȚȘȍȓȐȊ ȍȡȍ ȚȘȐ ȘȈȏȈ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ șȊȖȑ ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȑ
ȉȍȋ
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓȖșȤ ȍȔț ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȕȈȌȍȧșȤ
ȟȚȖ șȗȈșȍȕ ȊȌȘțȋ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȣ ǯȈ
ȗȍȘȊȣȔȐ ȌȊțȔȧ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȍȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȏȈȔȈșȒȐ-
ȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ — Ȋșȍ ȖȕȐ ȠȓȐ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ — ȉȍȏȎȈȓȖșȚȕȣȍ
Ȑ ȕȍțȌȍȘȎȐȔȣȍ Ǫ ȉȘȈțȕȐȕȋȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȍȡȍ ȚȘȐ ȏȈȘȧȌȈ DzȘȈș-
ȕȖȊ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȘțȒț
Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȏȈȌȐ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ ȠȖȘȖȝ ǴȍȓȤȒ-
ȕțȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉȍȓȖȍ ǿȤȐ-ȚȖ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ șȎȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȘȓȖ Ȑ ȊȣȘ-
ȊȈȓȐ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ DzȚȖ-ȚȖ șȐȓȤȕȖ țȌȈȘȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȒțȓȈȒȖȔ Ȋ
ȓȐȞȖ Ƕȕ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȌȐȒȖ Ȑ ȝȘȐȗȓȖ — Ȑ ȓȐȠȐȓșȧ ȟțȊșȚȊ
10
ǿȡȒ
Ƕȟȕțȓșȧ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ Ȋ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ Ȑ ȕȍțȌȖȉȕȖȑ ȗȖȏȍ
ǭȋȖ ȚȍȓȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȎȈȚȖ Ȋ țȏȒȖȔ ȚȍȔȕȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ ȔȍȎȌț
ȌȊțȝ ȟțȎȐȝ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȝ Țȍȓ ǷȖ ȓȐȞț ȚȍȒȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȔȖȒȘȖȍ Ȑ
șȖȓȖȕȖȊȈȚȖȍ ȕȈ ȊȒțș ǸțȒȐ ȉȖȓȍȓȐ ȖȚ șȚȧȋȐȊȈȦȡȐȝ Ȑȝ ȚȖȕ-
ȒȐȝ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȒȘțȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȍȘȍȊȖȒ ǰ șȈȔ Ȗȕ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦ-
ȡȍȍ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȚȘȧșȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȌȗȘȣȋȐȊȈȓȖ
ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȚȖȓȟȒȐ Ȑ ȒȖȓȣȝȈȕȤȧ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ ǶȌȕȈ Ȑȏ
ȉȖȒȖȊȣȝ șȚȍȕȖȒ ȖȚșȒȖȟȐȓȈ ȊȗțșȒȈȧ ȧȘȒȐȑ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ
șȊȍȚ Ǫ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȈ șȘȈȏț ȊȞȍȗȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȈȘ ȘțȒ ǭȋȖ
ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓȐ Ȑȏ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȧ Ȓ ȗȖȕȍșȓȐ ȋȘțȉȖ ȊșȚȘȧȝȐȊȈȧ ȕȈ
ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȈȝ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȓȐȚȣȔȐ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȐ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ
ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȖȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȔȍȌȤȦ șȚȊȖȘȒȐ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȉȍșȒȖ-
ȕȍȟȕȣȍ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȐ ȖȉȐȚȣȍ ȒȖȎȍȑ șȚȍȕȣ Ȑ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȈȧ
ȘȍȏȕȈȧ ȔȍȉȍȓȤ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȠȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒȐ ȘȈȏȎȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ Ȗȕ
țȗȈȓ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ șȚțȒȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȗ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȓȐȚȣ ȗȖȓȈ

88
Ƕȕ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȗȖșȘȍȌȐ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ șȊȍȚȓȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ǪȌȖȓȤ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȑ Ȑȏ șȚȍȕ șȚȖȧȓ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ șȚȖȓ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ șțȒ-
ȕȖȔ ǻ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȖȑ șȚȍȕȣ ȚȧȕțȓȖșȤ ȗȖȓțȒȘțȋȖȔ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȧȌȖȊ șȚțȓȤȍȊ ǵȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ șȚțȓȍ șȐȌȍȓȈ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎ-
ȕȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ Ȋ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȔ ȌȖ ȗȧȚ ȉȍȓȖȔ ȝȈȓȈȚȍ Ȑ ȖșȚȘȖȒȖȕȍȟ-
ȕȖȔ ȉȍȓȖȔ ȒȖȓȗȈȒȍ ȕȈȌȊȐȕțȚȖȔ ȌȖ ȗȖȌȉȖȘȖȌȒȈ ǹȒȊȖȏȤ țȏ-
ȒȐȍ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȗȘȖȘȍȏȐ Ȋ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȐ ȒȖȓȗȈȒȖȊ ȉȓȍșȚȍȓȐ ȌȍșȧȚȒȐ
ȋȓȈȏ țșȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈ ȓȍȎȈȡȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȗȖȓț ǯȈ șȚȖȓȖȔ Ȋ ȋȓț-
ȉȖȒȐȝ ȒȘȍșȓȈȝ șȐȌȍȓȖ  ȓȦȌȍȑ ȏȈȋȘȐȔȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȒȈȒ Ȑ
ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȒȘȈȑȕȐȔ șȓȍȊȈ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓȖ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȕȐȋ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ Ȑ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȒȖȎȈȕȣȝ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚȈȝ Ȑ
ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȟȍȘȕȐȓȤȕȐȞȈ ș ȗȍȘȖȔ
— ǫȌȍ ȧ" — DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȊșȚȈȚȤ ȕȖ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȐ ȕȈȚȧ-
ȕțȓȐșȤ Ȑ Ȗȕ șȖ șȚȖȕȖȔ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȓșȧ ȕȈȊȏȕȐȟȤ
ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ ǷȍȘȊȣȔ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ șȐ-
ȌȧȡȐȑ Ȋ ȞȍȕȚȘȍ șȚȖȓȈ Ƕȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȝȘȐȗȓȣȔ ȋȖȓȖ-
șȖȔ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȖȚȟȍȒȈȕȐȊȈȧ ȒȈȎȌȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ
— ǪȖ ȐȔȧ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ǰȐșțșȈ ǽȘȐșȚȈ ȊȖ ȐȔȧ ǯȈ-
ȒȖȕȈ ȊȖ ȐȔȧ ǹȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖșȚȐ șțȌȍȉȕȖȍ ȏȈșȍȌȈȕȐȍ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ
ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȓȖȎȐ Ȓț-ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈȕȈ ȖȉȢȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȔ
ǩȘȈȚȤȧ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ǭȊȈȕȋȍȓȐȧ Ȑ ȏȈȘȧȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȒȐ ȒȓȧȕȐ-
ȚȍșȤ ȉȣȚȤ ȚȊȍȘȌȣȔȐ Ȑ ȉȍșȗȘȐșȚȘȈșȚȕȣȔȐ
Ǫșȍ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ ȚȘȐȎȌȣ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȐȔȈȧ Ȑ ȖȗțșȒȈȧ ȓȍȊțȦ ȘțȒț

89
— ǩȘȈȚȤȧ ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȈȔȐ ȉțȌȍȚ șțȌȐȔ Ȑ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȕ ȖȌȐȕ ȐȊ
ȊȘȈȋȖȊ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȘȖȌȐȕȣ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ ȜȍȌȍȘȈȞȐȐ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȝ ȠȚȈ-
ȚȖȊ ȉȍȏȉȖȎȕȣȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȊȐȒ ȘȈȏȊȘȈȡȈȦȡȐȑ Țȍȝ ȟȤȍ ȌȍȓȖ
șȓțȠȈȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ǪȈȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȏȈȟȍȔ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕ ȔȖ-
ȋțȟȐȑ ȒȓȈȕ — șȖȦȏ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȝ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕȞȍȊ ǵȈȠȈ ȏȈȌȈȟȈ
— ȉȖȘȤȉȈ ȏȈ ȗȘȈȊȌț ȉȖȘȤȉȈ ȏȈ ȗȘȈȊȈ ȟȍșȚȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ
ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȈ ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ Ǫ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȌȕȐ ȕȈ-
ȔȐ ȉȣȓȐ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖ ȖșțȎȌȍȕȣ ȚȘȐ ȉțȕȚȖȊȡȐȒȈ ȊȖșșȚȈȊ-
ȠȐȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȏȈȒȖȕȈ ǵȖ ȊȐȕȈ șȍȋȖȌȕȧȠȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȌșțȌȐȔȖȋȖ ȍȡȍ
ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ƕȕ ȕȍ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȖȊȈȓșȧ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȋțȉȐȓ șȊȖȦ ȘȖ-
ȌȐȕț Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ șȦȌȈ șȔțȡȈȚȤ Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȘȈȡȈȚȤ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȘȈȉȖ-
ȟȐȝ ǰ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȕȐȔ țȋȓțȉȓȧȍȚșȧ ȍȋȖ ȊȐȕȈ — ȗȘȐ ȈȘȍșȚȍ Ȗȕ
șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȧȓșȧ Ȑ țȉȐȓ ȚȘȖȐȝ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȉȘȈȚȤȍȊ — ǷȘȍȌșȍ-
ȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȗȖȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȒȘȈȦ șȚȖ-
ȓȈ — Ȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ș ȚȖȓșȚȣȔȐ ȒȕȐȋȈȔȐ
— ǹȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȤ DzȈȒȖȍ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȏȈ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȗȘȖșȚțȗȒȐ ȗȘȍ-
ȌțșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȍȚ ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ ǯȈȒȖȕ ȒȓȈȕȈ"
ǹȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȔȣȑ — ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ șțȚțȓȖȊȈȚȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȣȚȧ-
ȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈȌ șȚȖȓȖȔ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȊȐȏȋȓȐȊȣȔ ȚȖȕȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖ-
șȖȔ
— ǩȘȈȚ-ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȅȚȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȧȓșȧ Ȑ
șȍȧȓ ȏȓȖ ǷȖ  șȚȈȚȤȍ ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȚȖȔȈ ǪȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ DzȖȌȍȒșȈ DzȓȈ-
ȕȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȓȍȎȐȚ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȖȎȎȍȕȐȍ
ǹȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȤ șȍȓ ǷȖ ȘȧȌȈȔ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȚȐȝȐȑ ȠȍȗȖȚ Ȑ ȓȍȋ-
ȒȖȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ǹȕȖȊȈ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ
— ǩȘȈȚ-șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȤ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ ȕȈȔ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐ-
ȊȖșȚȤ ǩȘȈȚȤȧ ǬȖșȚȖȐȕ ȓȐ ȖȉȊȐȕȧȍȔȣȑ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ"
Ǫșȍ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ Ȋ ȏȕȈȒ
șȖȋȓȈșȐȓ Ȑ ȖȌȖȉȘȍȕȐȧ
ǷȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ DzȘȈșȕȖȊț:
— ǶȉȊȐȕȧȍȔȣȑ ǷȘȐȋȖȊȖȘ ȕȈȌ ȚȖȉȖȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȍȕ Ƕȕ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȟȈșȖȊ ǿȚȖ Țȣ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ
șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȔ șȓȖȊȍ"
— DzȖȔȍȌȐȈȕȚȣ — DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖ-
ȓț ȖȚ ȉȍșșȐȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȉȍȠȍȕșȚȊȈ. — ǷȘȖȒȓȧȚȈȧ ȕȈȒȐȗȤ ȉțȘȎțȈȏ-
ȕȖȋȖ șȚȘȖȧ ǩȘȖșȤȚȍ ȊȈȠȍ ȐȌȐȖȚșȒȖȍ ȠțȚȖȊșȚȊȖ ǰ ȏȕȈȑȚȍ
Ȋȣ țȉȤȍȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȖ ȚȖ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȉȖȘȦșȤ șȒȖȘȖ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȚ
ȊȈș Ȋșȍȝ Ǫȣ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȖșȚȈȚȒȐ ȉțȘȎțȈȏȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ Ǫȣ ȗȈ-

90
ȌȈȓȤ
ǭȔț ȕȍ ȌȈȓȐ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȐȌȧȡȐȝ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ
ȘȧȌț șȘȈȏț ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȖȉȔȖȚȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȗȓȖȚ-
ȕȖȑ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȚȒȈȕȤȦ ǯȈȚȍȔ șȝȊȈȚȐȊ ȏȈ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ ȏȈ ȖȌȍȎȌț ȍȋȖ
ȗȖȚȈȡȐȓȐ ȊȖȕ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ
11
ǸȜȚțȎȠȎ ȟȚȓȞȠȖ
ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋșȍ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ DzȘȈșȕȖȊȈ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȐ-
ȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȖșȚȘȖȑ ȘȈȕȧȡȍȑ ȉȖȓȐ — ȍȋȖ ȚȈȡȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȒȖ-
ȘȐȌȖȘț Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȚȖȓȟȖȒ Ȑ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚ ȘȍȏȒȐȔ țȌȈȘȖȔ ȖȚȏȣ-
ȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȐșȚȍȘȏȈȕȕȖȔ Țȍȓȍ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȔțȟȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐ-
ȓȐșȤ — ȍȋȖ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ǯȊȧȒȕțȓ ȌȊȍȘȕȖȑ ȏȈȔȖȒ Ȑ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓȈ
ȗȖȓȕȈȧ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ
ǷȍȘȍȒȐȌȣȊȈȧșȤ ș ȉȖȒț ȕȈ ȉȖȒ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȓ ȕȈȒȖ-
ȕȍȞ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȖȚ ȖȉȔȈȚȣȊȈȦȡȍȑ ȍȍ ȚȘȧȗȒȐ Ȑ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓșȧ Ƕȕ
ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȋȖȊȈȚȖȔ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȔ ȟțȓȈȕȍ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȖȔ ȥȓȍȒ-
ȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȖȔ Ǫ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȋȖ
ȖȟȈȋȈ ȖȉȕȍșȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȊȣșȖȒȖȑ ȗȘȧȔȖȑ ȘȍȠȍȚȒȖȑ ǵȈȌ Ȕȍș-
ȚȖȔ Ȍȓȧ ȌȘȖȊ Ȋ șȚȍȕț ȉȣȓȐ ȊȌȍȓȈȕȣ ȌȊȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȞȍȗȐ șȖ
șȚȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȕȈȘțȟȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȕȞȈȝ ǷȖȌ ȥȚȐȔ ȔȍșȚȖȔ șȚȍ-
ȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȒȖȗȟȍȕȈ ǪȣȠȍ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȐșȤ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȍ șșȈ-
ȌȐȕȣ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȍ ȕȈ șȓȍȌȣ ȖȚ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȕȣȝ ȗțȓȤ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ
ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ țșȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚȊȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ șȘȍȌȕȍȊȍȒȖȊȣȑ
ȒȖșȚȍȘ Ȍȓȧ ȋȘȍȠȕȐȒȖȊ — ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȒȖșȚȘȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȓȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ
țȔȍȘȍȚȤ ȍȔț
ǩȓȐȎȍ ȒȖ ȊȝȖȌț șȖ șȚȍȕȣ șȊȐșȈȓȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȖșȚȣȝ
Ȟȍȗȍȑ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȐȒȖȊȣȊȈȕȐȧ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ șȚȖȧȓ ȠȐ-
ȘȖȒȐȑ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȑ șȚțȓ ș ȔȍȌȕȣȔ ȒȖȓȗȈȟȒȖȔ șȊȍȘȝț Ȑ
șȐșȚȍȔȖȑ șȓȖȎȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȒ ȊȖȒȘțȋ — ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȒȘȍș-
ȓȖ — ȐȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȖȘțȌȐȍ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȖȑ ȒȈȏȕȐ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈ ȗȣȚȖȒ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȥȚȈȗ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȝ ȗȖȗȈȊȠȐȝ

91
Ȋ ȓȈȗȣ Ȓț-ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈȕȈ
DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ȠȍȊȍȓȤȕțȓșȧ șȕȖȊȈ ǻȏȓȣ ȊȍȘȍȊȖȒ ȉȣȓȐ șȊȧȏȈ-
ȕȣ ȈȘȚȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐ — ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖșȤ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ-
șȚȐ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ǬȈ Ȑ șȚȖȐȚ ȓȐ" Ƕȕ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȐȏȔțȟȍȕ
ǵȍȚ ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȕȍ șȔȖȎȍȚ ȊȣȑȚȐ ȖȚșȦȌȈ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȍȔț șȗȈșȚȐșȤ ȖȚ ȖȎȐȌȈȍȔȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǬȈ ȒȘȖȔȍ
ȚȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ șȗȈșȚȐșȤ — ȍȋȖ ȎȌțȚ ǹȚȈȟȍȟȕȣȑ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚ
ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ Ƕȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȚȤ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ
DzȘȈșȕȖȊț ȧșȕȖ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȏȈȉȣȚȣȍ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚ-
ȊȐȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȒ ȉȖȋȈȚȈ ȍȋȖ ȎȐȏȕȤ.
ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȍȋȖ ȓȖȊȐȓȐ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȊȘȈȋȐ ȘȈȉȖȟȍȋȖ ȒȓȈșșȈ ǺȘȐ
ȘȈȏȈ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐșțȎȌȈ-
ȓȐ Ȓ ȘȈșșȚȘȍȓț ǭȡȍ ȌȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ ȞȈȘȐȏȔȈ, șȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȘȈȏ ȍȔț țȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ șȒȘȣȊȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȘțȒ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȐ ȖȉȔȈȕȣȊȈȚȤ
ȉȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȚȦȘȍȔȡȐȒȖȊ Ǩ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȏȈȋȘȈ-
ȕȐȟȕȖȑ ȈȋȐȚȈȞȐȐ ǰ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ Ȗȕ ȊȣȚȍȘȗȍȓ ȊȖ ȐȔȧ șȖȞȐȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ — Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȋȖȓȖȌȖȊȒȐ ȗȍȘȍȖȌȍȊȈȕȐȧ ȗȖȋȖ-
ȕȐ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȧ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȍȔț ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȓȖ țȔȍ-
ȘȍȚȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȓȖȊțȠȒȍ"
ǷȘȖȓȍȎȈȊ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ
ȘȍȎțȡȐȍ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȐ ȥȚȐ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȍȔț ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ
ȗȖ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȦ ș ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ
 — Ȗȕ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȐȓ Ȓ
Ȍȍȓț
ǵȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȐȏȖȋȕțȚȤșȧ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȒȐșȚȤ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ
ȘțȒȐ ȌȖȚȧȕțȓȈșȤ ȌȖ ȒȈȉȓțȒȈ ȓȍȊȖȋȖ șȈȗȖȋȈ DzȐșȚȤ ȉȣȓȈ șȊȖ-
ȉȖȌȕȈ — ȊȍȘȍȊȒȈ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȊȣȠȍ ǯȈȚȖ ȕȖȋȐ șȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȐșȤ
țȏȓȈȔȐ ț șȈȔȣȝ ȡȐȒȖȓȖȚȖȒ ǵțȎȕȖ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȚȤ.
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȍ ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȣȍ ȗȧȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ Ǫȍ-
ȘȍȊȒȐ ȕȈȗȘȧȋȠȐȍșȧ ȌȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȎȋȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȕȍȍ
Ȗȋȕȧ Ǫ ȕȈȚȧȕțȚȣȝ ȎȐȓȈȝ șȚțȟȈȓ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ ȘȈșȒȈȓȍȕȕȣȑ
ȔȖȓȖȚ ǸțȒȐ Ȑ ȕȖȋȐ șȊȖȌȐȓȖ ȖȚ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ ǵȖ ȌȖȚȧȕțȚȤșȧ
ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ — ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȏȈȊȐșȍȓȈ șȊȖȉȖȌȈ Ȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ,
șȗȈșȍȕȐȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ.
ǰ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ȌȖȚȧȕțȓșȧ ǿȍȘȍȏ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȘȧȌ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ
ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȣȝ șȍȒțȕȌ ȍȋȖ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȒȖșȕțȓȐșȤ ȋȓȈȌȒȖȋȖ ȠȐȘȖ-
ȒȖȋȖ ȒȈȉȓțȒȈ ȅȚȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ
șȗȈșȍȚșȧ ǶȚȊȐȕȚȐȚȤ ȒȈȉȓțȒ ȖȚȖȌȊȐȕțȚȤ ȒȘȣȠȍȟȒț ȒȘȖȠȍȟ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȚȈȑȕȐȟȒȈ șȒȘȣȚȖȋȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȊȣȕțȚȤ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȚȈȑȕȐȟȒȈ

92
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ șȒȓȈȌȕȖȑ ȕȖȎȐȒ ǷȍȘȍȘȍȏȈȕȕȣȍ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȐ țȗȈ-
ȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ ǺȖȊ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ ȠȈ-
ȚȈȧșȤ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȊȍȘȕȣȝ ȠȈȋȖȊ ǯȈ-
ȚȍȔ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȏȈȊȖȓȖȒȓȈ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȏȈȊȍșȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ
ȌȍȕȤ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ
12.
ǯȓȑȟȠȐȜ
ǶȟȍȕȤ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȟȓȍȕ Ȓț-ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈȕȈ Ȑ ȉȣȊȠȐȑ
ȟȓȍȕ ǹȚȈȟȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚȈ ǬȥȊ ǻȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȊȣȗȈȓȖ ȕȈ ȌȖ-
ȓȦ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ Ȋ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘ ȕȈȌ ȗȓȍȕȕȣȔ DzȘȈșȕȖ-
ȊȣȔ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ș ȕȐȔ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ șȓț-
ȟȐȚȤșȧ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȍ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȥȚȖ-
Ȕț Ȗȕ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ȊȖȏȓȖȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈ
ȕȍȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ ǶȟȍȕȤ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȟȚȖ ȐȔ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ-
ȓȐȉȖ ȌȘțȋȐȍ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ — ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȖȚȖȔșȚȐȚȤ
DzȘȈșȕȖȊț ȏȈ ȕȍșȖșȚȖȧȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȋ ǹȚȈȟȍȟȕȖȔ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚȍ ȊȏȘȣȊ
— ȗȖȔțȟȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȍȔ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȡȍȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ.
ǵȖ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ǬȥȊ ǻȖȚ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȖȗȖȏȌȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ-
ȟȈșȈ Ǭȓȧ DzȘȈșȕȖȊȈ Ȏȍ ȥȚȐ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȖȍ Ƕȕ țșȗȍȓ ȖȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȖȉȔȖȘȖȒȈ ȘȈȏȔȧȚȤ ȖȕȍȔȍȓȣȍ
ȕȖȦȡȐȍ ȟȓȍȕȣ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȎȌȈȓ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȈ-
ȓȈȟȍȑ
ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑȝ ȉțȌȍȚ" — ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȍșȓȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȐȓȐ ȌȊȈ DzȖȍ-
ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐșȗȖșȖȉȐȓ ȘȈȏȘȍȏȈȕȕȣȍ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȐ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȘȐȕȧȊ ȊȐȌ
șȊȧȏȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ǫ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȘțȒȍ Ȗȕ șȎȐȔȈȓ șȈȔȖȌȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȍ ȕȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȊȕțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȖȘțȎȐȍ — șȓȖȎȍȕȕțȦ ȗȖȗȖ-
ȓȈȔ ȗȈȘț Șțȟȕȣȝ ȒȈȕȌȈȓȖȊ
ȁȍȓȒȕțȓ ȈȊȚȖȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȏȈȔȖȒ Ȑ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȏȍȊȕț-
ȓȈ șȊȖȍȑ ȉȍȏȏțȉȖȑ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝțȋȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȈșȚȤȦ ǬȊȍȘȤ ȖșȚȈȊȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȑ ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȗȘȐȌțȚ ȍȡȍ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓ-
șȧ

94
— ǹȓȣȠȐȚȍ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȧ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȦ" Ǫȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈ-
ȒȖȊȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȞȍȗȐ Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȍșȚȐ ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȖȋȖȕȤ"
ǷȈȓȈȟ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȖ ȔȖȚȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ǪȖȏȤȔȐȚȍ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ ǬȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȉȣȓȖ
ȏȈȉȣȓ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍ ȊȖȚ șȦȌȈ ȊȈȠȍ ȖȘțȎȐȍ ǺȈȒ Ǫȣ
ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈșȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȌȊȖȍȔ" ǽȖ-
ȘȖȠȖ ǺȈȒ ȊȖȚ ȊȖȏȤȔȐȚȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȑ ȏȈȒțȑȚȍ ȍȋȖ ȚȈȒ
ȒȈȒ ȏȈȒȖȊȈȓȐ ȉȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ǵț ȧ ȎȌț
DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ȗȖȌȒȘȍȗȐȓ șȊȖȍ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȗȖȔȈȝȐȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȌȊțȝ
ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȕȣȝ Ȍțȓ
— ǺȈȒ Ǫȣ ȏȈȗȍȘȓȐ ȏȈȔȖȒ" ǩȘȖșȤȚȍ ȒȓȦȟ șȦȌȈ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ
ȘȈȏȌȍȊȈȑȚȍșȤ ǵț ȎȐȊȖ ǰȕȈȟȍ ȧ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȦ ȊȈș ȗȖșȐȌȍȚȤ ȊȖȚ
ȕȈ ȚȖȔ ȒȘȍșȓȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ Ȋȣ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȐ Ȍȓȧ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȓȍȕȕȐ-
ȒȖȊ ǫȖȚȖȊȖ" ǹȓȖȎȐȚȍ ȖȌȍȎȌț Ȋ țȋȖȓ ǷȖȓȖȎȐȚȍ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ȒȓȦȟ
ȖȚ ȊȝȖȌȕȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȐ
ǷȈȓȈȟ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȑ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȓ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ
— ǵț ȊȖȚ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȖȏȤȔȐȚȍ Ȋ țȋȓț ȊȖȕ Țȍ ȒȈȕȌȈȓȣ Ȑ ȕȈ-
ȌȍȕȤȚȍ șȍȉȍ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ ǷȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȇ ȏȈȒȖȊȣȊȈȦ ȊȈȔ ȘțȒȐ
ǶȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ǵȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȚȍșȤ ȧ ȕȍ șȖȉȐȘȈȦșȤ șȎȐȋȈȚȤ ȕȐ
ȊȈș ȕȐ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ ǵț Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ țȝȖȎț ǻ ȊȈș ȕȈ-
ȊȍȘȕȖ ȍșȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ țșȓȖȊȕȣȑ ȏȕȈȒ ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȊȈș
ȊȣȗțșȒȈȦȚ ȖȚșȦȌȈ" ǵț ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ Ȏȍ ȟȍȘȚ ȊȈș ȗȖȌȍȘȐ
ǷȘȖȐȏȕȖșȧ ȖȚȘȣȊȐșȚȣȍ ȟȍȚȒȐȍ ȜȘȈȏȣ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ȐȔȍȓ
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȌȍȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȉȈȓȈȝȖȕ Ȑ ȒȓȖ-
ȉțȒ șȕȧȚȣȍ ȗȈȓȈȟȖȔ ǯȈșțȕțȊ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȣ ȗȖ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘț Ȗȕ
ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ
— ǷȘȖȗțșȒ ©ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔª ǷȖ ȥȚȐȔ șȓȖȊȈȔ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȎ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȚ ȊȈș ȔȐșȚȍȘ
— ǫȔ ©ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔª ǷȖȝȖȎȍ ȕȈ ȗȘȈȊȌț ǵț ȌȈ
ȍșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȊȘȍȚȍ ȧ ȊȍȘȕțșȤ Ȑ țȝȓȖȗȈȦ ȊȈș ǵȍ ȊȘȍȚȍ" ǵț ȓȈȌȕȖ.
DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȚȊȖȘȐȊ ȏȈ șȖ-
ȉȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȤ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȔ-
ȔțȕȐșȚȈ șȐȌȍȓȖ ȌȊȖȍ ȏȈȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȟȓȍȕȖȊ Ȓț-ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈȕȈ
ǯȈȚȍȔ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȗȖ ȧȘȒȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȓȐȚȈȔ Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȘȐ-
ȌȖȘȈ Ȗȕ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȋȖ-
ȓȖșȈ șȗȖȘȧȡȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǷȘȐșȓȖȕȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȓ șȚȍȕȍ șȎȐȔȈȧ ȗȖ
ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘț Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȘțȒȍ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖșȓțȠȈȓ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋșȍ șȖȊȍ-
ȡȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȧȡȍȍ ȏȈ ȌȊȍȘȤȦ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ

95
ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ǷȖȓțșȖȕȕȣȑ șȚȖȘȖȎ țșȓȣȝȈȊ țșȓȖȊȕțȦ ȜȘȈȏț ș
ȊȖȘȟȈȕȤȍȔ ȖȚȊȖȘȐȓ ȊȝȖȌȕțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈ țȓȐ-
Ȟț ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ Ȗȕ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȐȏțȟȈȧ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȑ ȊȐȌ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȊ
ȗȖȓȣ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȝȈȓȈȚȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȗȖ ȚȍȔȕȖȔț ȉȍȏȓȦȌ-
ȕȖȔț ȚȘȖȚțȈȘț
13
©ǻȡȔțȜ ȒȓȗȟȠȐȜȐȎȠȪª
— ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ" Ǫȣ" ǰ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȊȐȌȍ"
ǷȐȚȍȘ ǬȎȍȔș ȊșȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȗȘȖșȐȌȍȊȠȐȑ ȕȈȌ ȐȏțȟȍȕȐȍȔ
ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȚȖȔȈ ©DzȈȗȐȚȈȓȈª Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȓ țȚȘț ȏȈȌȘȍȔȈȊȠȐȑ ȕȈȌ
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȒȕȐȋȖȑ ȉȣȓ ȘȈȏȉțȎȍȕ ȘȍȏȒȐȔ șȚțȒȖȔ
Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ ȗȖȌȊȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȥȚȈȎȈ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ Ȗȕ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓ
Ƕȕ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȈșȜȈȓȤȚȖȊȣȑ ȌȊȖȘ
ǬȊȖȘ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȏȈȔȣȒȈȓșȧ șȍȘȣȔȐ șȚȍȕȈȔȐ țȝȖȌȧ-
ȡȐȝ Ȋ ȊȣșȤ ȕȍȉȖșȒȘȍȉȖȊ ǵȈȌ ȌȊȍȘȤȦ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐș-
ȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȖȊ ȔȍȘȞȈȓ ȎȍȓȚȣȑ ȜȖȕȈȘȤ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȈșșȍȐ-
ȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȗȘȍȌȘȈșșȊȍȚȕȣȑ ȔȘȈȒ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȦȡȐȑ țȏȒȐȑ ȒȖȓȖ-
ȌȍȞ ȌȊȖȘȈ ǰ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȍȊȍȘȕȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȓȐȊȈȦȡȍȔșȧ șȊȍȚȍ ǬȎȍȔș
țȊȐȌȍȓ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȖȒȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȖȗȐȘȈȧșȤ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ Ȗ șȚȍ-
ȕț șȚȖȧȓ ș ȖȒȘȖȊȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȑ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȔ Ȓț-ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈȕ-
șȒȖȔ ȝȈȓȈȚȍ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ Ȑ ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ țȓȣȉȕțȚȤșȧ ȌȍȘȎȈșȤ ȖȌȕȖȑ
ȘțȒȖȑ ȏȈ ȊȣșȚțȗ ǪȖȚ ȥȚȈ-ȚȖ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ Ȑ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȈ țșȚȈȓȖȋȖ
ǷȐȚȍȘȈ ȐȏȓȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȔ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȦȡȍȔ ȊȖș-
ȒȓȐȞȈȕȐȐ
— ǬȈ ȥȚȖ ȧ. ǵȈȠȍȓ ȊȈș ȗȖȟȚȐ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ǷȘȖȊȍȌȐȚȍ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ǵȈș ȔȖȋțȚ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ǹȒȖȘȍȑ
ǵȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ ǬȎȍȔș ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȧ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ȌȖȘȖȋț Ȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȈȔȖȘȒȍ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ șȓȍ-

96
ȌȖȊȈȓ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ
— ǵȖ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȚȖȊ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ? ǷȖȟȍȔț Ȋȣ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ
ȗȓȈȚȤȍ"
ǪȖȑȌȧ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ǬȎȍȔș șȕȖȊȈ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȖ țșȚȈȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ
ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȧ
— Ǵȍȕȧ ȗȖȑȔȈȓȐ Dzț-ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈȕ ǵȍ ȔȖȋț șȚȖȧȚȤ ȕȈ
ȕȖȋȈȝ ǪșȗȖȓȖȠȐȓ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ șȚȖȘȖȎȈ Ȗȕ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ
ȧ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ țȉȐȚȤ ȊȈș ǪȈȎȕȣȍ ȕȖȊȖșȚȐ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ ȗȘȖȓȍȎȈȊ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑ Ȋȣ-
ȗȐȊ ȝȖȘȖȠțȦ ȗȖȘȞȐȦ ȊȐșȒȐ ș ȋȖȘȧȟȍȑ ȊȖȌȖȑ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ȔȖȋ
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȚȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ
— ȅȚȖ ȞȍȓȈȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ ǸȈșșȒȈȎț Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȘȈȏ ǹȗȈșșȧ ǹȓț-
ȠȈȑȚȍ — DzȘȈșȕȖȊ șȕȖȊȈ ȝȓȍȉȕțȓ Ȑȏ șȚȈȒȈȕȈ
— ǭșȓȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ ȕȍ șȚȈȕțȚ Ȓ șȚȈȕȒȈȔ Ȋșȍ
ȕȈȠȐ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȉțȌțȚ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȣ ȞȍȓȐȒȖȔ ȇ ȗȖȌșȓțȠȈȓ
ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȊȖȎȈȒȖȊ Dzț-ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈȕț ȖȉȍȡȈȕȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ șțȔ-
ȔȈ Ȗȕ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȚ Ȋșȍ șȐȓȣ ǹȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ǫȓȈȊȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ Ȋ ȒȊȈ-
ȓȐȜȐȞȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ǿȚȖȉȣ ȗțșȚȐȚȤ șȈȔȣȍ ȊȈȎȕȣȍ
ȏȈȊȖȌȣ ȕțȎȕȖ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ 3000 ȚȍȝȕȐȒȖȊ ǿȍȘȕȖȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ȕȈ-
ȉȍȘțȚ ȕȖ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȒȐ
— ǵȖ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȌȖșȚȈȕțȚ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȒȖȊ ǵȐ ȖȌȕȐ Ȑȏ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȕȍ
șȚȈȕȍȚ ȕȈ ȘȈȉȖȚț
— ǹȓțȠȈȑȚȍ Ǫȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȋȖȘȖȌȈȝ ȍșȚȤ
șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȜȈȉȘȐȟȕȣȍ ȠȒȖȓȣ ȒȓȈȕȈ" Ǫ ǿȐȒȈȋȖ ȗȖșȓȈȕȈ
ȘȈȌȐȖȋȘȈȔȔȈ; ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ șȦȌȈ ȌȕȍȔ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ
ȗȘȐȉȣȚȤ  ȔȍȝȈȕȐȒȖȊ — Ȓț-ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈȕȞȍȊ ǩțȌȍȚ ȗțȡȍȕ
șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȖȍȏȌ ǭȋȖ ȕțȎȕȖ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ǴȖȑ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕ
ǩȍȋȐȚȍ Ȑ șȖȉȍȘȐȚȍ  ȕȈȌȍȎȕȣȝ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ ǿȚȖȉ Ȓ țȚȘț
Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȋȖȚȖȊȖ ȇ ȉțȌț șȗȈȚȤ ǸȈȏȉțȌȐȚȍ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȘȐ ȟȈșȈ
DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ȖȚȒȐȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȌțȠȒț Ƕȕ șȗȈȓ
ǷȐȚȍȘ șȝȊȈȚȐȊ ȕȈ ȝȖȌț ȒȈȘȚțȏ Ȑ ȏȈȗȍȘȍȊ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȉȣșȚȘȖ
ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȞȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȔț ȘȈȉȖȟȍȔț ȖȉȡȍȎȐȚȐȦ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȟȈșȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ ȋȘțȏȖȊȐȒȖȊ ȕȈ-
ȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȔȐ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȣȍȝȈȓȐ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ —
Ȋșȍ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ǰ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȏȎȍ Ȋ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȗȘȖȔȟȈȓșȧ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȗȖȚȘȍȗȈȕȕȣȑ ȈȊȚȖȔȖ-
ȉȐȓȤ ș ȌȊțȔȧ șȍȌȖȒȈȔȐ ȅȚȖ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ Ȑ ǬȎȍȔș ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ
Ȋ ȏȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȍȟȒȖ ǵȤȦ-ǺȖțȕ ȚțȌȈ ȋȌȍ Ȋ șȈȘȈȍ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ

97
Ȑȏ ȜȍȘȔȍȘȖȊ ȉȣȓ șȒȘȣȚ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕ  Ȍȕȍȑ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȍȏȠȐȑ Ȋ ǨȔȍȘȐȒț Ț DzȘȈșȕȖȊȈ
14
ǿȎȚȜșȓȠ ©ǸȜȚȖțȠȓȞțª
ǴȖȚȖȘ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ȉȍȏ ȗȍȘȍȉȖȍȊ ȗȘȖȗȍȓȓȍȘ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȏȈȋȘȍȉȈȓ
ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȒȖȘȗțș șȈȔȖȓȍȚȈ ȉȓȍșȚȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȕȖȊȣȑ,
ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ ȏȈ ȔȈȠȐȕȖȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ
ȟȍȑ-ȚȖ ȏȈȉȖȚȓȐȊȣȑ ȌȘțȎȍșȒȐȑ ȋȓȈȏ
— ǫȖȚȖȊȖ DzȖȕȚȈȒȚ
ǬȊȖȍ ȌȍȘȎȈȡȐȝ șȈȔȖȓȍȚ ȖȚșȒȖȟȐȓȐ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ǷȘȖȉȍ-
ȎȈȊ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȈȘȠȐȕ ȗȖ ȓțȎȈȑȒȍ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȘȈșȗȓȈșȚȈȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȈȧ ȕȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ, ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ, ș ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ
ȘȈșȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȓȍȚȈ ȎțȒȈ ȔȧȋȒȖ ȖȚȌȍȓȐȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȐ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ȗȘȈȊȐȓ ǬȎȍȔș șȐȌȍȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȉȍȘȍȎȕȖ ȗȘȐȌȍȘ-
ȎȐȊȈȧ Ȋ ȕȖȋȈȝ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȓȖȚȕȖ țșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȧȡȐȒ Ǩȥ-
ȘȖȗȓȈȕ ȒȖșȖ Ƞȍȓ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȔȍȘȕȖ ȏȈȉȐȘȈȧ Ȋșȍ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȊȖȏȌțȠ-
ȕȣȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ
— ǷȘȈȊȤȚȍ ȕȈȓȍȊȖ ȅȚȖȚ ȔȖșȚ Ȋ ȚȘȍȝ ȟȈșȈȝ ȍȏȌȣ ȖȚ ǺȈțȕ-
ȠȐȘȈ ǶȕȐ ȉțȌțȚ ȏȌȍșȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȟȈș
ǷȖȌ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȗȓȣȊțȚ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ Ȑ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ ȗȧȚȕȈ
ȗȖȓȍȑ Ȑ ȓȍșȖȊ ǶȕȐ țȉȍȋȈȦȚ ȊȗȘȈȊȖ — șȓȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȊȌȈȓȐ Ȋ
ȖȌȕț ȔțȚȕțȦ șȍȘȖȊȈȚțȦ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ǪȖȚ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ-
șȧ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȖȊȖȍ — ȐȏȖȋȕțȚȈȧ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȗȖȓȖșȒȈ ȗȍȘȍșȍȒȈȦȡȈȧ
ȌȓȐȕȕțȦ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡțȦ șȍȘțȦ ȗȖȓȖșț ǩȓȐȎȍ ǩȓȐȎȍ ǷȖȓȖșȣ
ȘȈșȚțȚ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȧșȕȣȍ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ ȅȚȖ ȘȍȒȈ ș ȟȍȘȕȣȔ
ȋȖȘȉȈȚȣȔ ȔȖșȚȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȒȐȕțȚȣȔ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȍ ǴȖșȚ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ Ȋȣ-
șȐȚșȧ ȕȈȌ ȗȖȉȓȍșȒȐȊȈȦȡȍȑ ȊȖȌȖȑ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚȍȕȕȣȔȐ
șȚȘȖȗȐȓȈȔȐ ȖȗȐȘȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȔȖȡȕȣȍ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȍ ȉȣȒȐ țȝȖȌȧ-
ȡȐȍ Ȋ ȊȖȌț ǷȖșȘȍȌȐ șȍȘȖȑ ȖȋȖȘȖȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȣșȖȒȐȔȐ ȖȋȘȈ-
ȌȈȔȐ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȍ șȊȍȚȓȣȍ ȓȐȕȐȐ — ȌȊȈ
ȘȧȌȈ ȘȍȓȤș ǨȥȘȖȗȓȈȕ ȗȓȈȊȕȖ ȗȓȈȕȐȘțȍȚ ȕȈȌ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȔ

98
șȖȋȕțȊȠȐȔșȧ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ Ȋ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȐ țȌȈȘȈ ȔȖșȚȖȔ
— Ǫȣ ȋȖȚȖȊȣ ǬȎȍȔș" ǷȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȤȚȍșȤ
ǴȖșȚ Ȑ ȘȍȒȈ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȚ ȉȓȍȌȕȍȚȤ Ȑ țȔȍȕȤȠȈȚȤșȧ ǨȥȘȖ-
ȗȓȈȕ șȕȖȊȈ ȐȌȍȚ ȊȊȍȘȝ ǬȎȍȔș ȕȈȒȓȖȕȧȍȚșȧ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧȡȐȒ ț
ȕȍȋȖ Ȋ ȕȖȋȈȝ ȖȚȒȘȣȚ Ƕȕ ȊȣȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȌȊȈ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȝ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȈ
— ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȘȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȔȈȝȕȐȚȍșȤ
ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȖȊ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓ ȊȕȐȏ ȖȉȘȈȏțȧ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȑ
șȓȍȌ Ȋ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȐȊȠȍȔșȧ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ǴȐȔȖ ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ, Ȋ ȊȖȌț
ǴȖșȚ Ȋșȍ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȊȣȎȐȌȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȋȖȘȉȐȓșȧ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȈ-
ȔȐ
— ǹȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȗȖȕȐȎȍ ǪȖȚ
ǪȚȖȘȈȧ ȉȖȔȉȈ ȌȖșȚȐȋȓȈ șȊȖȍȑ ȞȍȓȐ ǶȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȗȓȖȚȕȈȧ
ȋȘȖȔȈȌȈ ȔȖșȚȈ ȊȌȘțȋ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ Ȑ ȘȈșȞȊȍȓȈ ȒȘȈșȕȖ-șȍȘȣȔ
ȗȣȠȕȣȔ ȞȊȍȚȒȖȔ ǾȊȍȚȖȒ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȘȖș ȊȊȍȘȝ Ȑ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ
ǨȥȘȖȗȓȈȕ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȚȖȓȒȕțȓȖ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ DzȘȈșȕȖȊț țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȊȣȘȖȊ-
ȕȧȚȤ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȊȠȐȍșȧ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ Ȑ ȖȉȈ ȓȍȚȟȐȒȈ șȕȖȊȈ
ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓȐșȤ ȊȕȐȏ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȑ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȔȖșȚȈ ȒȘȐȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȗȋ-
ȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȘȈȏȊȖȘȖȟȍȕȕȈȧ ȌȣȘȈ. ǴȖșȚ ȉȣȓ ȐșȗȖȘȟȍȕ ǵțȎȕȈ
ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȌȊțȝȌȕȍȊȕȈȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ Ȍȓȧ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȟȐȕȒȐ
— ǷȖȍȏȌ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȚ ǶȕȐ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉțȌțȚ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ ǵȖ
ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȗȖșȚțȗȧȚ" ǵȈȔ ȕțȎȕȖ ȏȕȈȚȤ — ȋȖȓȖș ǬȎȍȔșȈ, ȗȖ-
ȟȚȐ ȗȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ, ȗȍȓ Ȑ ȘȖȒȖȚȈȓ Ȋ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȕȖȑ ȚȘțȉȒȍ
DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ȒȐȊȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
ǹȕȖȊȈ ȘȈșȚțȚ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ ȊȕȐȏț — șȗȖȒȖȑȕȈȧ ȘȍȒȈ ȐșȒȈ-
ȓȍȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȖșȚ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ ǪȕȐȏ ǯȍȔȓȧ ȊȌȘțȋ ȘȊȈȕțȓȈșȤ
ȊȊȍȘȝ ȕȍȗȖȔȍȘȕȖ ȊȣȘȈșȚȈȧ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ǴȧȋȒȖ ȗȖȌȗȘȣȋȐȊȈȧ ȕȈ
ȕȍȘȖȊȕȖșȚȧȝ șȈȔȖȓȍȚ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȗȖȌ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȌȖȘȖȎ-
ȕȖȑ ȕȈșȣȗȤȦ ǬȘțȎȕȣȔ țșȐȓȐȍȔ ȔȈȠȐȕț ȖȚȚȈȡȐȓȐ Ȋ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȕț Ȋ ȋțșȚȣȍ ȒțșȚȣ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȐ ș ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȊȗȐȊȠȐ-
ȔȐșȧ Ȋ ȖȉȠȐȊȒț ȒȘȣȓȤȍȊ ȖȚȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ ȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȊȖȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȍ ȋȖȓȖșȈ
dzȍȚȟȐȒȐ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȓȏȒȖȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ ȌȖ ȒȘȈȧ ȕȈșȣ-
ȗȐ Ȑ ȊȣșțȕțȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ǹȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ȕȐȝ ț șȈȔȖȋȖ ȔȖ-
șȚȈ, ȗȖ Țț șȚȖȘȖȕț ȍȋȖ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȚȘȖȍ Ȋ ȜȖȘȔȍ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȌȖȘȖȎ-
ȕȐȒȖȊ ǶȕȐ ȉțȘȕȖ ȎȍșȚȐȒțȓȐȘȖȊȈȓȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȖ Ȑ
ȕȈ ȉȘȍȠȤ ț șȊȖȐȝ ȕȖȋ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓ șȊȖȐ ȋțȉȣ Ȓ țȝț
ǬȎȍȔșȈ

99
— ǶȕȐ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȕȈș ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǶȕȐ ȉțȌțȚ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȈȥȘȖ-
ȗȓȈȕ ǷȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȤȚȍ ȖȘțȎȐȍ
Ǫ ȘțȒȍ DzȘȈșȕȖȊȈ ȉȓȍșȕțȓ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ șȚȊȖȓ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȤȚȈ
ǵȖ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȌȖȘȖȎȕȐȒȐ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȈȎȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ
ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ǶȕȐ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐ ȎȍșȚȐȒțȓȐȘȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȕȍ șȝȖȌȧ ș ȔȍșȚȈ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȓ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȘȈșȚțȡȐȑ ȠțȔ ǹȍȘȣȍ ȗȖȓȖșȣ ȘȍȓȤș
ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȔȍȘȕȖ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȋțȌȍȚȤ ȗȘȖȗȐȚȣȊȈȧșȤ Ȋșȍ țȊȍ-
ȓȐȟȐȊȈȦȡȍȑșȧ ȌȘȖȎȤȦ ȅȚȖ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓșȧ ȥȒșȗȘȍșș ș ȠȚȘȍȑȒ-
ȉȘȍȝȍȘȈȔȐ
ǮȍȓȍȏȕȖȌȖȘȖȎȕȐȒȐ ȖȎȐȊȐȓȐșȤ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ
ȕȐȝ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȜȓȈȋ țȒȘȍȗȓȧȧ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȒȖȔ ȌȘȍȊ-
Ȓȍ ǬȘțȋȖȑ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȧȓ ȋțȌȖȒ Ȍȓȧ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȣȝ șȐȋȕȈȓȖȊ
ǫțȓ Ȑ ȘȖȒȖȚ Ȋșȍ ȘȖșȓȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓȐșȤ ǪȖȏȌțȝ ȗȘȖȘȍȏȈȓ ȘȧȌ
șȐȋȕȈȓȤȕȣȝ șȊȐșȚȒȖȊ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ȚȘȖȕțȓ ȏȈ ȘțȒț ȓȍȎȈȡȍȋȖ
ȘȧȌȖȔ ǬȎȍȔșȈ
— ǷȐȚȍȘ Ȑȝ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȧȚ ǵȈș ȎȌțȚ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ǷȖȓȏȐȚȍ
ȏȈ ȔȕȖȑ Ȓ șȈȔȖȓȍȚț
15
ǸȎȘ  ȞȎȏȜȥȖȣ ȟȒȓșȎșȖȟȪ Șȡ-ȘșȡȘȟ-ȘșȎțȤȎȚȖ
Ǩ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ǺȈțȕȠȐȘț ȊȍȘș-
ȚȈȝ Ȋ  ȖȚ ȐșȗȖȘȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȖȘȖȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȖșȚȈ ȘȈȏȣȋ-
ȘȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ȌȘțȋȈȧ șȞȍȕȈ ǶȒȖȓȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ țȏȓȖȊȖȑ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ ș
ȘȧȌȈȔȐ ȊȈȋȖȕȖȊ ȕȈ ȏȈȗȈșȕȣȝ ȓȐȕȐȧȝ ș ȗȖȚțȝȠȐȔȐ șȍȔȈȜȖ-
ȘȈȔȐ șȖ șȗȧȡȐȔȐ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȏȈȔȐ Ȋ ȔȘȈȟȕȖȔ ȌȍȗȖ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ
ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȣȍ ȚȖȓȗȣ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȎȈȦȡȐȝ ȕȈ ȋȘțȏȖȊȣȝ ȈȊȚȖ-
ȔȖȉȐȓȧȝ DzȈȎȌȣȑ Ȑȏ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȈȦȡȐȝ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȗȖȌ ȔȣȠȒȖȑ
ȉȍȓȣȑ șȊȍȘȚȖȒ ǪȖ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȗȖșȍ-
ȚȐȚȍȓȍȑ Ȑ țȟȈșȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȕȖȟȕȣȝ ȔȐȚȐȕȋȖȊ Ȋ ǺȈțȕȠȐȘȍ — ȚȈțȕ-
ȠȐȘșȒȐȝ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ-ȏȈȉȈșȚȖȊȡȐȒȖȊ

100
ǹȖȉȐȘȈȧșȤ ȒțȟȒȈȔȐ ȓȍȎȈ ȕȈ ȚȘȈȊȍ Ȑ ȠȈȋȈȧ ȔȍȎȌț ȌȍȘȍ-
ȊȤȧȔȐ Ȋșȍ ȖȕȐ ȎȌȈȓȐ ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ
Ǩ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ — ȕȐȏȍȕȤȒȐȑ șȚȈȘȐ-
ȟȍȒ Ȋ ȜȖȘȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȒțȘȚȒȍ — ȍȋȖ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ Ȑ ȚȘȐ șȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ-
ȓȧ ȗțȚȍȑ șȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȌȍȎțȘȕȖȔ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȐ Ȍȓȧ ȌȍȓȖȊȖȋȖ
șȖȊȍȡȈȕȐȧ ǮȌȈȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȏȈȊȍȌțȦȡȍȋȖ ȗțȚȧȔȐ ȅȚȐȔ ȖȋȘȈȕȐ-
ȟȐȊȈȓșȧ ȊȍșȤ șȓțȎȍȉȕȣȑ șȖșȚȈȊ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ — ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ ȉȈșȚȖ-
ȊȈȓȐ Ȉ șȓțȎȈȡȐȍ-ȒȖȕȚȖȘȡȐȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȏȈȉȈșȚȖȊȒȐ
ȘȈșȗțȡȍȕȣ ȗȖ ȌȖȔȈȔ
Ǫ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȣȑ șȚțȒ ǵȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ, ȏȈȊȍȌțȦ-
ȡȐȑ
— ǪȖȑȌȐȚȍ
ǬȊȍȘȤ ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȐȏȒȖȍ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȠȈȋȕțȓȖ ȚȘȖȍ
ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȔȈșȒȈȝ ȌȍȘȎȈ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȞȍȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȋȘȈȉȐ-
ȚȍȓȤșȒȐȍ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȣ
— ǸțȒȐ ȊȊȍȘȝ — ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȏȈȔȈșȒȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȐșȚȈȊȐȓ
ȌțȓȖ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȈ Ȓ ȋȘțȌȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȈ ȖȗțșȚȐȊȠȍȋȖ
ȘțȒț Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȗȧȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ Ȋșȍ ȗȧȚȍȘȖ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȖșȘȍ-
ȌȐ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ǹȦȌȈ Ȏȍ ȊȕȍșȓȐ ȠȍșȚȖȋȖ — șȔȖȚȘȐȚȍȓȧ ȗțȚȍȑ
ǬȊȍȘȐ ȌȍȎțȘȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȧ ȏȈȗȍȘȓȐ ǰ ȕȈȟȈȓȈșȤ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ
ȀȐȘȖȒȐȍ ȊȖȘȖȚȈ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȏȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȗȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȐșȤ Ǫ ȗȈȘȖ-
ȊȖȏȕȣȝ ȒȖȚȓȈȝ ȘȈȏȊȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȗȈȘȣ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ țȔȍ-
ȓȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓȐ Ȑ șȞȍȗȓȧȓȐ ȊȈȋȖȕȣ Ǩ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ
ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ ȌȍȓȖȔ — ȖȕȐ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȓȐ șȊȖȐ
ȉȍȓȣȍ șȊȍȘȚȒȐ Ȑ ȖȌȍȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȐȌȈ ȔȈȕȚȐȐ Ȑ ȒȖȓ-
ȗȈȒȐ ǹȒȖȘȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȍȘȍȖȌȍȊȈȕȐȍ ȒȖȕȟȐȓȖșȤ ǪȔȍ-
șȚȖ ȚȘȍȝ Țȣșȧȟ ȏȈȉȈșȚȖȊȡȐȒȖȊ-ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȋȖȚȖȊȖȋȖ ȗȖȍȏ-
ȌȈ-ȥȒșȗȘȍșșȈ șȎȐȔȈȓȈșȤ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȝ șțȉȢȍȒ-
ȚȖȊ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȔ ș ȊȐȌț ȒȈȒ ȌȊȍ ȒȈȗȓȐ ȊȖȌȣ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȝ ȕȈ ȟȓȍȕȖȊ
Ȓț-ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈȕȈ — ȋȘȖȏȣ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȝ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȊ
ǵȖ ȗȖȍȏȌ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȓșȧ DzȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȎȌȈȓȐ ǰ ȥȚȐ ȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȍȔȣȍ ȕȍ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖșȚȤ
Ǫ șȍȘȖȔ ȖȉȓȈȟȕȖȔ ȕȍȉȍ ȏȈȚȘȍȡȈȓ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȦ-
ȡȐȑșȧ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕ ǭȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȧ Ȑ DzȘȈș-
ȕȖȊ ș ǬȎȍȔșȖȔ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓȐ Ȑȏ ȗȖȕȐȒȕțȊȠȍȋȖ șȈȔȖȓȍȚȈ ȖȚ-
șȚȍȋȐȊȈȧ ȒȖȎȈȕȣȍ ȠȓȍȔȣ Ȑ ȗȖȎȐȔȈȧ ȌȍșȧȚȒȐ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȚȣȝ
Ȓ ȕȐȔ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȘțȒ

101
— ǴȖșȚ ȊȏȖȘȊȈȕ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ȗȖȍȏȌ ș ȠȚȘȍȑȒȉȘȍȝȍȘȈȔȐ
ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ Ǩ Ȋȣ ȈȋȈ — ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ǬȎȍȔșȈ ș țȌȖ-
ȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓ ȗȖ țȎȍ ȋȖȚȖȊȖȔț ȌȊȐȕțȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȗțȚȤ șȖ-
șȚȈȊț
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ Ȋȣ ȍȌȍȚȍ ǹȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȉțȌȤȚȍ, ȒȖȋȖ Ȋȣ ȉț-
ȌȍȚȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȚȤ Dzț-ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈȕ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ țȏȕȈȍȚ Ȗ ȊȏȘȣȊȍ
ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȠȕȍȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ǵȍȒȖȔț ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȚȤ Ǩ ȕȈȠȍ ȌȍȓȖ
ȕțȎȕȖ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ǵț ȖȓȓȤ-ȘȈȑȚ
ǷȖȍȏȌ ȕȈȋȘțȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȔȐ ȖȌȍȚȣȔȐ Ȋ ȜȖȘȔț șȊȖȐȝ
ȊȘȈȋȖȊ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ Ȑ ȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ǺȈțȕȠȐ-
Șț  ȟȈșȖȊ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ Ȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȟȕȣȔ ȟȈșȖȔ
Ȍȓȧ ȚȈțȕȠȐȘșȒȐȝ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȐșȚȖȊ Ȑ ȟȓȍȕȖȊ ȔȍșȚȕȖȋȖ Ȓț-ȒȓțȒș-
ȒȓȈȕȈ ǷȘȐȉȣȓȈ ȖȎȐȌȈȍȔȈȧ ȗȖȌȔȖȋȈ —  ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȏȌȖ-
ȘȖȊȣȝ ȘȍȉȧȚ ȗȖȌȢȍȝȈȊȠȐȝ ȕȈ ȗȖȍȏȌȍ Ȓ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȑ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȑ
șȚȈȕȞȐȐ ǷȘȐșȚțȗȐȚȤ Ȓ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ ȘȍȠȍȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ țȚȘȖȔ Ȉ șȍȋȖȌ-
ȕȧȠȕȦȦ ȕȖȟȤ ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧȠȕȦȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȕțȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȐșȗȖȓȤ-
ȏȖȊȈȚȤ Ȍȓȧ șȖȊȔȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȝȖȌȈ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȕȣȝ ȉțȕȚȖȊȡȐȒȖȊ- ȘȈ-
ȉȖȟȐȝ ȗȖșȔȍȊȠȐȝ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȈ șȊȖȍȔț
ȝȖȏȧȐȕț-ȚȘȍșȚț ǵțȎȕȖ ȊȣȉȐȚȤ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȍ ȉțȕȚȖȊ-
ȡȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ǪȖȎȈȒȐ Ȓț-ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈȕȈ ȗȖȚȐȘȈȓȐ ȘțȒȐ ȖȚ țȌȖȊȖȓȤ-
șȚȊȐȧ Ȋ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȐ ȕȖȟȕȣȝ ȗȖȋȘȖȔȖȊ
16
ǽȜȟșȓȒțȖȗ ȡȒȎȞ
— ǨȓȓȖ ǬȎȍȒ
— ǨȓȓȖ ǬȥȊ ǵȈȔȕȍȔ Ȕȣ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȉȖȒȈ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȔ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȟȐȔ" DzȈȒ Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ șȟȍȚ"
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȚțȚ ȌțȔȈȚȤ? ǸȈȏȊȍ ȖȕȐ ȗȖșȔȍȦȚ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊ-
ȓȧȚȤșȧ" Ǩ ȗȖșȔȍȦȚ — ȗțȓȧ Ȋ ȏȈȚȣȓȖȒ
— Dzț-ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈȕ ȗȓȈȚȐȚ ȗȖ  ȌȖȓȓȈȘȖȊ ȏȈ ȕȖȟȤ ǫȖȊȖ-
ȘȧȚ, ȚȘȍșȚ ȌȈȍȚ ȍȡȍ  ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ

102
— ǬȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȍȏȎȐȍ ȕȈȔ ȗȖȔȖȋțȚ ǯȌȖȘȖȊȣȍ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ
ȊȖȚ ȔȖȓȟȈȚ Ȋșȍ ǵț ȌȈ ȟȐȒȈȋșȒȐȑ Ȓț-ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈȕ ȏȕȈȍȚ, ȒȖȋȖ
ȗȖșȣȓȈȚȤ ǵȍ ȗȖȏȌȖȘȖȊȐȚșȧ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȔ ȏȈȉȈșȚȖȊ-
ȡȐȒȈȔ
— ǬȈ ȏȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȍȚ ǾȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȚȘȍșȚ
— ǬȈ ȏȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȍȚ ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ Dzț-ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈȕ!
ǺȈȒȐȔȐ ȜȘȈȏȈȔȐ ȖȉȔȍȕȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȏȈȔȈșȒȐȘȖȊȈȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ — ȟȓȍȕȣ ȔȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȒȓȈȕȈ șȖȉȐȘȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ
ȟȈșȖȊ ȕȖȟȐ Ȓ șȉȖȘȕȖȔț ȗțȕȒȚț — șȒȊȍȘț ǷȧȚȐ țȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȐ-
ȒȖȊDz ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȟȈșȈȔ Ȋșȍ șȖȗȘȐȒȈșȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ș ȕȐȔ țȓȐ-
Ȟȣ șȈȔ șȒȊȍȘ Ȑ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤ ț șȒȊȍȘȈ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȓȐșȤ ȚȖȓȗȈȔȐ
ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȋ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȔȈȕȚȐȧȝ ș ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ȔȈșȒȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȈȝ, ș ȥȓȍȒ-
ȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȜȖȕȈȘȐȒȈȔȐ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȗȍȘȍȉȘȈșȣ-
ȊȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȠțȚȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȌȘțȎȍȓȦȉȕȣȔȐ ȘțȋȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȔȐ ǶȘț-
ȎȐȧ ȉȘȈȚȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȊȍȓȍȕȖ ǵȖ ț ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ț ȗȘȐȍȏ-
ȎȐȝ ȚȖȘȟȈȓȐ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȗȓȈȡȍȑ ȗȈȓȒȐ Ȑ ȚȖȓșȚȣȍ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȍ Ȍț-
ȉȐȕȒȐ
Ǫ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȍ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȊȖȎȈȒȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ șȚȘȖȐȚȤ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȋ ȒȖ-
ȓȖȕȕȣ ȗȖ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȔț ȖȉȘȈȏȞț ǰ ȚțȚ-ȚȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȖșȤ ȏȈȔȍȠȈ-
ȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ǸȧȌȖȊȣȍ-ȗȘȐȍȏȎȐȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȓȐ ȗȖȌȟȐ-
ȕȧȚȤșȧ ȔȍșȚȕȣȔ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȈȔ ǩȣȓȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ
ȖȕȐ țȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȖ ȐȡțȚ șșȖȘȣ ǰ ȕȈȠȓȐ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȗȧȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ
Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ȏȈȕȧȚȖȍ ȏȈȔȈșȒȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐ-
ȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖ șȗȓȖȠȕȖȍ ȗȖȉȖȐȡȍ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȖȍ ȠțȔȖȔ țȌȈ-
ȘȖȊ șȚȖȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȐȧȔȐ șȖȚȍȕ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǷȖȓȐșȔȍȕȣ șȗȖ-
ȒȖȑȕȖ șȚȖȧȓȐ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȧ ȐȏȉȐȍȕȐȍ ȋȊȈȘȌȐȐ ȒȈȗȐ-
ȚȈȓȐșȚȖȊ ǰȔ ȊȍȌȤ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȘȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȔȍȠȐȊȈȚȤșȧ
Ȋ ȌȍȓȈ Ȓț-ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈȕȈ
ǯȈȒȖȕȟȐȊ țȓȐȟȕȖȍ ȐȏȉȐȍȕȐȍ ȚȖȓȗȣ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȌȊȐȕț-
ȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔț ȠȚȈȉț ȜȈȠȐșȚȖȊ
ǹ ȌȐȒȐȔȐ ȒȘȐȒȈȔȐ ȖȒȘțȎȐȊ ȌȖȔ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȧșȤ ȖȗȤȧ-
ȕȍȊȠȐȔȐ ȖȚ ȌȘȈȒȐ Ȑ ȊȣȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȧ ȘțȋȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȗȖ ȈȌȘȍșț
ȔȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȒȓȈȕȈ ȏȈȋȘȐȔȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓȐ Ȑȏ
ȌȖȔȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȝșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȔ Ȉ șȈȔ ȌȖȔ ȗȖȌȖȎȋȓȐ ȏȈȓȖȎȐȊ Ȋ
ȕȍȔ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȐȕȈȔȐȚȕȣȝ ȗȈȚȘȖȕȖȊ ǹȈȔ DzȘȈșȕȖȊ ȗȖ ȓȐȟ-
ȕȖȔț ȖȗȣȚț ȏȕȈȊȠȐȑ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȌȖȔȈ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌȐȓ ȘȈȏ-
ȘțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ ǻ ©ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ șȔȍȘȚȐª ȉȣȓ ȏȈȓȖȎȍȕ

șȈȔȣȑ șȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȈȚȘȖȕ DzȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȎȈȘȕȈȧ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȈ ȗȘȐȔȟȈ-
ȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȔȍșȚț ȗȖȎȈȘȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȠȓȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȘțȌȣ ȌȣȔȧȡȐȝșȧ
ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ȔȘȈȟȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖșȖȉȕȧȒȈ
Ǩ ȏȈȔȈșȒȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȔȧȚȣȍ Ȑ ȐȏȉȐ-
Țȣȍ ȕȖ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȍ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȏȈȉȈșȚȖȊȒȈ ȕȍ ȉț-
ȌȍȚ ȏȈȌțȠȍȕȈ ȘȈșȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȌȖȔȈȔ șȕȐȔȈȧ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȐȏȖȘ-
ȊȈȕȕțȦ ȜȖȘȔț Ȓț-ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈȕȈ
ǹȚȖȓȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȌȊțȝ ȋȘțȗȗ Ȓț-ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈȕȈ
ǻȕȐȟȚȖȎȍȕȈ ȋȓȈȊȕȈȧ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȈ ȒȓȈȕȈ ǺȘȍșȚ
ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖșȚȤ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȐȑ.
ǺȈȒȐȍ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȒȐ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȍȕȤ ȊȖ
Ȋșȍȝ ȔȍșȚȕȣȝ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ șȕȖȊȈ ȕȈȟȈȊȠȐȝ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȈȒȒțȘȈȚ-
ȕȖ ǺȘȍșȚ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȐȧ ǹȚȈȟȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȐ-
ȚȍȚȈ Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ ȊșȚȈȓȐ Ȓ șȚȈȕȒȈȔ ǺȘȍșȚ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȉȍȎȌȍȕ DzȈȒ
ȌȈȓȈșȤ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȔ ȥȚȈ ȗȖȉȍȌȈ ȏȕȈȦȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȈȔȐ ȥȚȐ ȘȈȉȖ-
ȟȐȍ ȟȈșȚȖ ș țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡȐȍ ȗȖȚȈșȖȊȒț ȏȈ-
ȌȈȕȕțȦ ȐȔȐ Ȓț-ȒȓțȒș-ȒȓȈȕț ǬȈ ȍȡȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ Ț DzȘȈș-
ȕȖȊ — ȒȖȔȔțȕȐșȚ Ȑ ȟȓȍȕ DzȖȔȐȕȚȍȘȕȈ ȕȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ Ȏȍ țȚ-
ȘȖ ȗȖȒȐȕțȊȠȐȑ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȍ ǺȈțȕȠȐȘ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȓȍȚȍȓ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȘȈȏȋȖȘȈȓȈșȤ ȕȖ-
ȊȈȧ șȚȈȟȒȈ Ȑ ȋȌȍ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌȧȡȍȋȖ ȟȓȍȕȈ ȗȈȘȚȐȐ
ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȏȌȍșȤ

ǿǭdzǶǪǭDz Ǫ ǯǭdzǭǵǶǴ
ȀǨǸǼǭ
ǷȖȥȔȈ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȑ

106
ǰǿȀȁǽǹdzǻǶdz
ǾǮǵDZǼǰǼǾ ǿ ǿǼǰǾdzǺdzǻǻǶǸǼǺ
ǨȊȚȖȘ
ǵȍ ȔȍȟȚȈȔȐ ȥȜȐȘȖȔȈȕȈ
ǹȖȏȐȌȈȍȚșȧ ȋȓțȉȤ ȘȖȔȈȕȈ
ǵȍ Ȋ ȟȐȚȈȓȤȕȍ Ȑ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ
ǹȖȏȐȌȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖȥȔȣ ȋȓțȉȤ —
ǹȚȐȝ ȒțȍȚșȧ Ȋ șȣȗȕȖȔ ȊȈȋȖȕȍ
ǹȚȐȝ ȒțȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȉȘȍȌț ȗȖȋȖȕȐ
Ǫ ȖȘțȌȐȑȕȖȔ ȕȍȊȍȘȕȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ
ǵȈ ȒȈȔȕȧȝ ȕȈ ȗȖȓț Ȋ țȋȓț
ǹȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȐȒ
ǵțȈȍșȓȐ  
ǨȊȚȖȘ
ǵȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȍșȓȐ
ǹȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȐȒ
ǭșȓȐ ȉȣȚ ǶȒȚȧȉȘȧ ȐȏȉȣȚ
ǩțȌȍȔ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ Ȋ ȗȘțȎȐȕȕȖȔ ȒȘȍșȓȍ
ǪȖșȗȍȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȏȈȉȣȚȣȑ ȉȣȚ"
ǭșȓȐ ȉțȌȍȚ ȏȊȍȕȍȚȤ Ȑ ȗȍȚȤșȧ
ǷȘȖ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȐȑ ȊȏȔȈȝ ȚȘȈȗȍȞȐȑ"

107
ǨȊȚȖȘ
Ǭȓȧ ȗȖȥȚȈ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȌȍȓȈ
DzȘȖȔȍ ȗțșȚȖȏȊȍȕȧȡȐȝ șȚȘȖȜ
ǷȍȘȊȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȑ ȗȘȖȎȐȚ
ǵȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȍȔ ȘȈșȚțȡȍȑ ȌȘȖȎȐ —
ȅȚȖ ȌȣȠȐȚ șȍȌȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ
ǷȘȐȚȈȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȒȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜ
ǪȐȌȐȠȤ ȔȘȈȒȖȔ ǩȍȘȓȐȕ ȖȒțȚȈȕ"
ǪȐȌȐȠȤ ȚȖȕȍȚ Ȋ ȒȘȖȊȐ DzȈȓȤȒțȚȚȈ"
ǷȘȖȉțȎȌȍȕȕȣȝ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ȘțȒȐ
ǷȖȌȣȔȈȦȚșȧ ȊȊȣșȤ țȎȍ —
ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȐ — șȒȊȖȏȤ ȔȖȘȧ Ȑ ȘȍȒȐ
ǹȒȊȖȏȤ ȋȈȏȍȚȕȣȝ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȑ șȚȘȖȒȐ
ǹȒȊȖȏȤ ȘȐȜȔȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ ȔțȒȐ
ǷȘȖȏȘȍȊȈȦ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ șȦȎȍȚ
ȇ ȟȐȚȈȦ șȚȈȚȤȦ Ȋ ȋȈȏȍȚȍ
Ǩ Ȑȏ ȚȐȕȣ ȘțȚȐȕȕȣȝ șȚȘȖȒ
ǪȣȘȈșȚȈȦȚ șȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ șȍȚȐ
ǻȉȍȋȈȦȡȐȝ ȊȌȈȓȤ ȌȖȘȖȋ
ǺȈȔ ȌȍșȧȚȒȈȔȐ ȔȖȓȕȐȑ ȊșȗȖȘȖȚ
ǪȐșȕȍȚ ȔȘȈȒ ǹȖȏȌȈȍȚșȧ ȋȖȘȖȌ
ǻȚȖȗȈȦȚ Ȋ ȉȍȏȌȖȕȕȖȑ ȊȣșȐ
ǶșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȍ ȥȚȈȎȐ —
ǺȈȔ ȚȍȈȚȘȣ ȒȈȜȍ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȣ
ǺȈȔ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ ȕȍșțȚ ȔȖȚȖȘȣ
ǸȖȏȖȊȈȚȣȍ ȉȓȐȒȐ ȓȣșȐȕ
ǰ ȚȘȖȑȕȣȝ ȗȖȌȉȖȘȖȌȒȖȊ ȎȐȘ!
Ǩ Ȋ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȈȝ ȋȓțȝȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȔȍșȚȐȑ
ǫȘȖȔȣȝȈȍȚ ȋȓțȝȈȧ ȊȍșȚȤ —
— Ǫȣ ȋȖȚȖȊȣ Ȓ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ Ȑ ȔȍșȚȐ"
— Ǵȣ ȋȖȚȖȊȣ — ȉȖȘȤȉȈ Ȑ ȔȍșȚȤ
ȅȚȖ ȉȘȈȚ ȖȉȘȍȚȈȍȚ ȉȘȈȚȈ
ȅȚȖ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕțȦ ȚȖȓȡț ȚȖȓȗ
ǰșȚȍȘȐȟȕȖ ȒȘȐȟȐȚ ȖȘȈȚȖȘ
ǪȏȋȘȖȔȖȏȌȧșȤ ȕȈ ȚȘȍȝȕȖȋȐȑ șȚȖȓ

ǹȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȐȒ
ȅȚȖȚ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȏȈȘȈȏȕȍȑ șȈȗȈ
ȅȚȖȚ ȋȖȘȖȌ șȚȘȈȠȕȍȑ ȟțȔȣ
ȅȚȖ ȚȖȚ ȉțȘȎțȈȏȕȣȑ ȏȈȗȈȌ
ǵȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȔȖȓȐȓȐșȤ Ȕȣ
ǨȊȚȖȘ
ǽȊȈȚȐȚ ǿțȊșȚȊȈ ȌȈ ȉțȌțȚ ȕȍȔȣ
ǷȘȍȌ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȈȊȈȕȚȦȘȕȖȑ ȚȍȔȣ —
ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȒȐȑ ȎȈȘ ȉȍȘȍȚ
ȇ șȚȖȦ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȦ ȗȖȥȔȣ
ȇ șȚȖȦ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȦ ȗȖȥȔȣ
ȇ șȚȖȦ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȦ ȗȖȥȔȣ
ǰ ȋȖȚȖȊȓȦșȤ ȠȈȋȕțȚȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ

109
I
ǵǮǿdzDzǮǻǶdz ǰǼǴDzdzǷ
ǷȖȗȣȚȈȑșȧ ȗȖȗȘȖȉțȑ șȔȍȘȤ
Ǻȍ ȔȍșȚȈ ȋȌȍ ȚȈȐȚșȧ șȔȍȘȚȤ —
ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȚȈȐȚșȧ Ȋ șȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȚȍșȤȔȍ
ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȚȈȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȖȔ ȗȐșȤȔȍ —
Ǫ ȋȘȖȔȍ ȉȖȧ Ȋ ȈȏȈȘȚȍ ȌȘȈȒ
Ǵȣ ȖȝȖȚȕȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȍȔ șȔȍȘȚȤ
ǵȖ ȓȐȠȤ șȐȓȤȕȣȑ țȔȍȍȚ șȔȍȚȤ
ǽȓȈȌȕȖȒȘȖȊȕȖ ȐȌȚȐ ȊȖ ȔȘȈȒ!
Ǫȏȉȍȋ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ǬȊȍȘȤ ǵȈȎȐȔ
— DzȚȖ șȚțȟȐȚșȧ" — ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǬȎȐȔ!
ȅȚȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȐ șțȌȤȉț ȌȖȊȍȘȤ
ǬȊȍȘȤ ǷȍȘȍȌȕȧȧ ǹȕȖȊȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ǻȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȚȤȔȈ șȗȈȓȈ
ǶȉȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȑ ȒȘțȋ
ǻ ȔȍȘȞȈȦȡȍȋȖ șȚȖȓȈ
ǹ ȊȍȘȍȕȐȞȍȑ ȋȖȓȖȊ Ȑ ȘțȒ
ǷȖȌȖȠȍȓ ǵȈȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ǹȍȓ
ǹȊȍȚ ȜȖȕȈȘȕȣȑ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓ ȌȘȖȎȈ
ǷȖ șȖȔȒȕțȊȠȍȑșȧ ȗȖȓȖșȍ
ǷȖ ȖȘțȎȤȦ Ȑ ȟȍȘȚȍȎȈȔ
DzȖȓȣȝȈȓȖșȤ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ ȋȖȓȖȊ
ȀȍȓȍșȚȍȓȐ ȖȉȘȣȊȒȐ șȓȖȊ
— «Ǻȣ țșȚȈȓ"» — «ǵȍ ȘȈȏȐȕț ȘȚȈ»
— «ǷȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓ șȍȌȤȔȖȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓ»
— «ǩȣȓ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȘȈȑȖȕȈȝ Ȋ șȚȈ»
— «Ǿȍȓȣȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȊȖșșȚȈȚȤ»
— «Ǫșȍ ȓȐ Ȋ șȉȖȘȍ"» — «Ƕ’DzȥȘȘȐ ȗȈȓ
ǩȣȓ ȏȈșȚȘȍȓȍȕ ȒȖȕȟȈȧ ȘȍȟȤ
ǷȖȓȐșȔȍȕȣ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȐ ȏȈȓ
ǵȖ țȉȐȑȞȈ țșȗȍȓ țȚȍȟȤ!»
Ǫ șȍȘȖȔ ȉȓȍșȒȍ șȊȍȘȒȕțȊȠȐȝ Ȍțȓ
ǷȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȖȚȒȐȕțȓ șȚțȓ

110
II
DzǴǶǺ ǽǼǹȁȅǮdzȀ ǵǮDzǮǻǶdz
DzȈȒ ȘȈȏȘȖșȠȍȍșȧ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȍ
DzȈȒ ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȕȈȧ șȒȈȓȈ
Ƕȕ ȒȈȟȈȓșȧ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȑ ȚȍȕȤȦ
ǻ ȔȍȘȞȈȦȡȍȋȖ șȚȖȓȈ
ǫȖȊȖȘȐȓ — «Ǵȣ ȊȏȕțȏȌȈȓȐ ȔȈșșț»
ǫȖȊȖȘȐȓ — «Ǵȣ șȐȓȤȕȣ ǷȖȘȈ
ǷȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȘȈȉȖȟȍȔț ȒȓȈșșț
ǫȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ
ǰȏ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȊȖȚ șȣȘȣȝ ȒȈȔȖȘȖȒ
Ǵȣ ȗȘȖȓȤȍȔșȧ ȒȈȒ șȍȘȕȣȑ ȌȖȎȌȤ
ǵȈ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡțȦ ǫȖȔȖȘȘț
ǵȖ ȟȚȖȉ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȌȊȐȕțȚȤ ȋȖȘț
ǵțȎȍȕ ȖȗȣȚȕȣȑ șȔȍȓȣȑ ȊȖȎȌȤ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȕȈȕȤȍ ȊȍȌȍȚ Ȓ ȗȖȉȍȌȍ
ǰȏțȟȍȕȤȍ ǸȈșȟȍȚ ǺȘȍȕȈȎ
ȇ ȗȐșȈȓ Ȋ DzȖȔȐȕȚȍȘȕ Dz ȕȈȔ ȍȌȍȚ
ǺȖȚ ȒȚȖ ȕȈȚȐșȒ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȚ ȕȈȠ
ǾȍȗȤȦ șȣȡȐȞȒȐȝ ȞȍȗȒȐȝ șȚȈȑ ȕȈș
ǶȒȘțȎȐȓ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȑ ȘȍȎȐȔ
ǵțȎȕȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ ȚȈȑȕȖ
ǶȌȕȖȔț ǹȚȈȊȓȦ ǬȎȐȔȈ ǼȍȘȚȈȑȕȈ
Ǫȣ șȖȋȓȈșȕȣ" ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǬȎȐȔ
ǻ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ șțȔȘȈȟȕȖȑ ȒȍȗȒȐ
ǹȐȕȐȝ ȋȓȈȏ ȘȈșȒȈȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȎȈȘ
ǷȖȌȉȖȘȖȌȖȒ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȑ Ȑ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȑ
ǶȒȘțȎȈȍȚ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȠȈȘȜ
Ƕȕ șȖȑȌȍȚ ȕȈ ǪȖșȚȖȟȕȖȔ ȊȖȒȏȈȓȍ
ǫȌȍ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ Ȑ ȊȍȡȈȔȐ șȖȟȈșȤ
ǪȍșȤ ȗȍȘȘȖȕ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȖȔ ȏȈȓȐȚ —
ǷȖȌ ȟȈșȈȔȐ Ȋ ȞȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȏȈȓȍ
Ƕȕ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ ȗȖȊșȚȘȍȟȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȟȈș
ǺȈȒ ȐȌȐ Ȏȍ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐ ȏȈȌȈȕȤȍ
ǷȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȔ Ȓ ȗȖȊȍșȚȒȍ ǩȍȏ ȓȐȠȕȐȝ ȜȘȈȏ».

111
Ȇ
ȂǮȆǶǿȀȉ DzdzǷǿȀǰȁȌȀ
ǯȖȓȖȚȖȑ ȞȐȜȍȘȉȓȈȚ ȕȈ ȚȍȔȕȍȦȡȍȔ ȏȌȈȕȤȐ
ǶȚȏȊȖȕȐȓ ȘȈȊȕȖȔȍȘȕȖ ȖȌȐȕȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȘȈȏ
ǻ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȖȊ șȒȘȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȚȍȕȐ
ǶȚ ȊȐȚȘȐȕȣ Ȓ ȊȐȚȘȐȕȍ ȗȖȓȏȧ Ȑ șȒȖȓȤȏȧ…
ǬȊȈ ȟȈșȈ ǬȊȈ ȟȈșȈ ȉȍșȗȘȍșȚȈȕȕȣȝ ȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȑ
ǰ ȊȍȏȌȍ ȗȖȓȐșȔȍȕȣ Ȑ șȒȘȣȚȤșȧ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ
ǬȈȎȍ șȚȍȕȣ șȒȓȖȕȧȦȚșȧ ȝȔțȘȖ Ȑ șȚȘȖȋȖ
«ǸȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȟȈș ȗȖȌ ȟȈșȈȔȐ ȓȈȌȖȕȤȦ ȒȖ ȘȚț»
— ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ǫȈȏȍȚț ǷȖȘȞȐȦ ȋȘȖȋȈ
ǬȎȐȔ Ȋ ȚȈȊȍȘȕț ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȑ șȕȧȓ ȒȈȘȚțȏ
ǬȎȐȔ ȕȍ ȗȍȑ ȕȍ ȗȍȑ ǵȍ ȘȈȏ ȕȍ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ
ǶȉȖȎȎȍȚ șȖȎȈȓȍȕȤȧ ȘȈșȗȓȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȖșȒ
ȅȚȖȚ Ȗȋȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȘȖȋ ȕȍ țȔȍȕȤȠȐȚ ȎȈȎȌȣ
Ƕȕ ȏȈȓȍȗȐȚ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȏȈȚțȔȈȕȐȚ ȔȖȏȋ
ǷȘȖȚȐȊ ȧȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȣșȚȖȐȚ șȈȔȣȑ șȚȖȑȒȐȑ
ǪȍȌȤ ȕȍȌȈȘȖȔ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȗȖȘȖȠȖȒ
ǷȍȘȍȌȈȓ șȓțȋȍ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕ ț șȚȖȑȒȐ
ǰ ȔȐȋȕțȓ Ȉ șȓțȋȈ șȒȈȏȈȓ «ǽȖȘȖȠȖ»:
ǷȖȏȌȕȖ ǷȤȍȠȤ Ǫșȍ ȉȍȏȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȍȑ Ȋșȍ șțȚțȓȍȑ
ǷȘȐȗȈȌȈȍȠȤ Ȓ ȓȐșȚț ȗȍȟȈȚȕȣȝ șȚȘȖȒ
Ǻȣ ȗȘȖșȗȐȠȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ șȈȔȖȔ șȚțȓȍ
Ǻȣ ȗȘȖșȗȐȠȤ Ȋ ȚȈȊȍȘȕȍ ȕțȎȕȣȑ șȘȖȒ
ǯȈ ȔȐȕțȚȖȑ ȔȐȕțȚȈ ǰ Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȖȑ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ ȟȈȧȕȐȑ Ǫ ȒȈȎȌȖȑ — ȊȍȒ
ǵȍȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȚȈȊȍȘȕȈ ǫȘȧȏȕȣȑ șȚȖȓȐȒ
ǰ ȏȈ șȚȖȓȐȒȖȔ șȗȧȡȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ

112
IV
ȅdzǾǻȉǷ ǮǰȀǼ
ǩȍȚȖȕ Ȑ șȚȍȒȓȖ Ǫȍȡȍȑ ȊȖȏȈ
ǨșȜȈȓȤȚ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȈȓ
ǰ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȏȊȖȕȒȖȊ ǰ ȓȈȔȗ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǰ ȚȖȓȗȣ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǪȖȒȏȈȓ
ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȒȈȟȈȓȈ ȚȖȓȗȈ ǷȍȘȘȖȕ
ǹȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȗȓȈȚ
ǩȘȖșȈȓȖ ȗȖ ȏȈȓȈȔ ǰ ȊȣȗȍȘ Ȗȕ —
ǵȈȝȔțȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȞȐȜȍȘȉȓȈȚ
ǿȈșȣ ǯȈȌȍȘȎȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
Ƕȕ ȔȍȌȓȐȚ Ƕȕ ȕȍ șȗȍȠȈ
ǸȈȏȋȓȈȌȐȓ ȒȈȘȚțȏ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ
ǸȈșȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȠȈȘȜ
ǹȚȖȐȚ ǹȓȍȌȐȚ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȖȘȓȈ
ǴȐȕțȚȈ ȍȡȍ șȍȑȟȈș
ǺȧȎȍȓȈȧ șȚȘȍȓȒȈ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȈ
ǸȊȈȕțȓȈșȤ — Ȑ ȗȘȖȉȐȓ ȟȈș!
ǺȖȓȗȈ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȚȍȔȕȍȍ șȕȈ
Ǫ ȞȐȓȐȕȌȘȈȝ Ȋ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ Ȋ ȗȖȚț
ǶȌȐȕ ȖȚȌȍȓȐȓșȧ ǰ ȗȖȌȈȓ ȏȕȈȒ,
dzȈȌȖȕȤ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȐȊ ȒȖ ȘȚț
— «ǯȈ ȔȕȖȑ» ǯȈȠȈȋȈȓȐ ǰ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ
ǷȖȌ ȕȍȉȈ șȣȘȖȑ ȚȈȜȚȖȑ
ǵȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȉȍșȠțȔȕȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȈ ȚȍȕȤ
ǷȘȐȏȍȔȐșȚȖȋȖ ȈȊȚȖ
ȀȈȋȕțȓȐ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȒț — «ǫȖȚȖȊȖ"» — «ȀȗȈȘȤ»
ǴȍȓȤȒȕțȓ Ȑ țȕȍșșȧ șȒȊȍȘ
ǷȖșȖȓ ȏȈșȊȍȚȐȓ ȗȖȚȈȑȕȖȑ ȜȖȕȈȘȤ
ǰ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ
— «Ǻȣ ȠțȚȐȠȤ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ"» — «ǴȖȓȟȐȚȍ, Ȋȣ»
ǴȖȚȖȘ țȕȖșȐȓșȧ ȊȌȈȓȤ
— «ȀȖȜȍȘ!» — «ǩȍșȗȖȓȍȏȕȖ» ǻ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ
ǩȓȍșȕțȓȈ ȗțșȚȈȧ șȚȈȓȤ

113
— «ǵȖ Ȋȣ"» — «Ǫ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧȝ ȖȚȟȍȚ ȕȈȔ ȌȈȑ
ǷȖșȓȈȕȕȐȒ ȜȈȠȐșȚȖȊ ȧ
ǺȊȖȑ ȐșȚȐȕȕȣȑ șȗțȚȕȐȒ — ǬȎȐȔ ǼȍȘȚȈȑȕ
Ǫ ȚȈȊȍȘȕȍ — ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȒȐ ȗȤȧȕ
ǪȈȔ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ Ȏȍ ȕȈȠȐ ȕȈȕȍșțȚ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ țȌȈȘ Ȋ ȐȋȘȍ
Ǻȍȉȧ Ȏ ȖȎȐȌȈȍȚ ȗȘȈȊȣȑ șțȌ
ǰ ȒȈȏȕȤ ȏȈ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȋȘȍȝ»

114
V
DzǴǶǺ ǽǾǼǿȉǽǮdzȀǿȍ
ǴȖșȚȖȊȣȍ ȌȘȖȎȈȚ ȖȚ ȔȖȚȖȘȖȊ Ȑ ȕȖȋ
ǹȔȖȚȘȧȚ șȖȚȕȧȔȐ ȋȓȈȏ ȥȚȈȎȐ
ǵȍȉȖșȒȘȍȉȖȊ ǰ șȊȍȚ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȈȍȚ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ
DzȈȉȈȟȒȈ ȋȌȍ ȗȖȚțȠȍȕȣ ȓȈȔȗȣ ȌȈȊȕȖ
DzȈȉȈȟȒȈ ȋȌȍ ȗȘȖșȕțȊȠȐȑșȧ ǬȎȐȔ
ǵȈ ȘȈșȗțȝȠȐȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȉțȌȚȖ ȘȎȈȊȣȑ ȏȈșȖȊ
ǴȣșȓȐ șȒȈȟțȚ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖ ȔȟȈșȤ
Ƕȕ ȊȋȓȧȌȍȓșȧ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȤ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȕȣȝ ȟȈșȖȊ
Ƕȕ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ ȉȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȟȈș
ǶȗȖȏȌȈȓ ǬȖ ȊȖȒȏȈȓȈ — ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ
ǵȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ țȑȌȍȚ ș ȗȖșȚȈ.
ǵȍ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȐȠȤ ȔȐȕțȚ ȕȍ ȐșȒțȗȐȠȤ ȊȐȕț
ǶȚȘȈȊȓȍȕ! ǶȗȖȏȌȈȓ
Dz ȌȊȍȘȧȔ ǷȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȒȖȑ ȔȖșȚȖȊȖȑ
ǹȒȊȖȏȤ ȋȘȖȔ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȘȍȊ șȐȘȍȕ
ǩȍȎȈȚȤ ǸȈȏȌȈȊȧȚ — ȟȚȖ ș ȚȖȋȖ
— ǶșȚȈȊȤȚȍ ȗȖȓȐșȔȍȕ
Ǫ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ ȌȘȖȎȤ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȘȣȎȖ
Ǫ țȠȈȝ — ȔȖȚȖȘȕȣȑ ȠțȔ
ǺȘȈȔȊȈȑ ȕȍșțȡȐȑșȧ ǷȘȣȎȖȒ
— «ǪȖȎȈȚȣȑ ȧ șȗȍȠț»
— «ǪȖȎȈȚȣȑ» — ȌȘȖȎȤ ȏȈșȖȝȠȐȝ ȋțȉ —
— «ǷȖȊȍȘȤ ȊȖȎȈȚȣȑ Ȋ ȚȖ —
— ǪȍșȤ ȔȐȘ—ȕȈ ȒȈȘȚȍ» — «ǵȍ ȔȖȋț»
ǨȊȚȖ ǷȘȣȎȖȒ Ȋ ȈȊȚȖ
— «ȀȖȜȍȘ ȋȖȕȐ» — ȠȈȚȕțȓșȧ Ȓȥȉ
DzȘțȋȖȔ ȏȊȖȕȒȐ ȖȋȕȐ
— «Ǻȣ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȋ ȒțȓȈȒȍ"
ǫȖȕȐ, ȠȖȜȍȘ ȋȖȕȐ»
ǴȖȚȖȘ ȝȘȐȗȐȚ ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓȣ ȍșȚ
ǷȘȖȕȏȈȦȚ ȚȤȔț ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǪȖȒȏȈȓ ǷȘȐȍȝȈȓȐ ǷȖȌȢȍȏȌ

115
ǨșȜȈȓȤȚ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȝ ȏȈȓ
ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ" ǵȍ ȖȠȐȉȒȈ ȓȤ ȚȖ"
ǫȌȍ ȟȈșȖȊ ȕțȔȍȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȠȈȘ
Ƕȕ șȚȖȐȚ Ȋ ȒȈȘȚțȏȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȔ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ
Ƕȕ ȏȈȒțȚȈȕ Ȋ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȠȈȘȜ
Ƕȕ ȋȓȧȌȐȚ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȠȈȘȜ ȘțȒȖȑ ȉȍȘȍȚ
— ǸȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȧ șȗȈșȍȕȈ
ǷțșȚȤ ȏȊȍȕȐȚ Ȋ țȠȈȝ ǬȎȐȔ țȔȍȘȐȓ ȠȈȋ
ǰ ȗȖȌȈȓ țșȓȖȊȕȣȑ ȏȕȈȒ

116
VI
ǰ ȋȀȁ ǻǼȅȊ
ǵȍ ȏȈȒțȚȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȡ Ȑ ȔȈșȒȈ
ǵȍ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȈȧ șȚȈȓȤ ǬȈȔȈșȒȈ
ǷȘȖȓȍȚȈȘșȒȐȑ țȌȈȘ ȊȍȘȕȍȑ
ǯȈȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ ȔȐȕțȊȠȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ
ǷȘȖȓȍȚȈȘșȒȈȧ ȔȖȡȤ ȊȍȘȕȍȑ
ǹȖȒȘțȠȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȚȘȖȕȣ ȊȈȓȈ —
ǿȍȘȌȈȒȖȊ Ȑ șȣȘȣȝ ȗȖȌȊȈȓȖȊ
ǴȕȖȋȖȓȍȚȕȧȧ șȐȓȈ Ȋ ȕȍȑ
Ǫ ȟȍȘȌȈȒȈȝ Ȑ Ȋ șȣȘȣȝ ȗȖȌȊȈȓȈȝ
ǴȐȓȓȐȖȕȣ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȚȈȧȚ
ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ȜȓȈȋ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȈȓȖ
ǪȣȠȐȚ ȓȖȏțȕȋ «ǷȘȖȓȍȚȈȘȐȈȚ».
ȅȚȖȚ ȜȓȈȋ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕȍȚșȧ șȒȖȘȖ
ǷȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȤȍ țȎȍ ȌȈȕȖ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȊȍșȤ ȔȕȖȋȖȋȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ
«ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ȕȖȟȤȦ» Ǩ Ȋ ȥȚț ȕȖȟȤ
Ǫ ȥȚț ȕȖȟȤ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌ ȊșȍȔȐ
ǷȧȚȍȘȕȧ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȘțȒȐ
ǵȈȟȐȕȧȓȐ ȋȘȈȕȈȚȣ șȍȔȤȐ
ǬȍȚȐ șȔȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȒțȘȒȐ
ǰ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȘȈȕȕȍȑ
ǺȖȟȕȖ ȗȖȓȖșȣ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȘȎȐ
DzȖȓȣȝȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈȓȣ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȑ
ǩȖȍȊȣȝ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ȌȘțȎȐȕ
Ǫ ȥȚț ȕȖȟȤ ȕȈȝȈȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȋȘțȉȖ
ǺȍȓȍȜȖȕȕȣȑ ȋȘȍȔȍȓ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ
ǫȖȓȖșȈ ȝȘȐȗȍȓȐ Ȑȏ ȚȘțȉȖȒ
ǰ șȉȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȒțȘȤȍȘȣ ș ȕȖȋ
ǰ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ ȚȈȑȕȖȑ ȖȝȘȈȕȣ
Ǹȣȝȓȣȑ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȐșȒȊȐȚȕȣȑ ȚȖȘȚ
ǷȘȐȕȧȓ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ ȘȈȕȖ
DzȖȔȐșșȈȘȈ ȜȈȠȐșȚșȒȐȝ ȖȘȌ

117
— «ȅȚȖ ȊȍȘȕȖ"» — «DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȊȍȘȕȖ
ȅȚȖȚ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘ — ȊȍȘȤȚȍ șȥȘ —
ǹȖȏȌȈȕ șȐȓȈȔȐ DzȖȔȐȕȚȍȘȕȈ
ǰȕșȗȐȘȐȘȖȊȈȕ ǹǹǹǸ»
— ©Ǩȝ, ȖșȚȈȊȤȚȍ ǵȍ Ȋșȍ ȓȤ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȟȤȦ
ǿțȍȔ ȘțȒț ǵȖ ȍșȓȐ ȊȐȝȘȤ
ǸȈȏȘȈȏȐȚșȧ ȊȖȚ ȥȚȖȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ
Ǵȣ ȕȍ șȔȖȎȍȔ ȘȈșșȍȧȚȤ Ȑȝ
ǹȥȘ ȗȖȑȔȐȚȍ Ǵȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȉ ȘȈȌȣ
dzȐȠȤ ȌȊțȝȌȕȍȊȕȖȑ ȖȚșȘȖȟȒȍ ǬȈ
ǵȍȋȘȐȚȧȕșȒȐȝ șȚȘȍȓȒȖȊ ȖȚȘȧȌȣ
ǶȚȖȊșȦȌț șȗȍȠȈȚ șȦȌȈ
ǹȥȘ Ȋȣ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ"» — «ǩȍȏțșȓȖȊȕȖ»
©Ǫȣ ȖȚșȘȖȟȐȚȍ ȉțȕȚ"» — «ǻȎȍ
ǺȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȕȍȏȈȟȍȔ ȓȐȠȕȐȝ șȓȖȊ ȕȈȔ
Ƕȉ ȖȚșȘȖȟȍȕȕȖȔ ȔȧȚȍȎȍ»
Ǫ ȥȚț ȕȖȟȤ Ȋ țȋȘȦȔțȦ ȏȈȓț
ǫȌȍ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȒȐ Ȑ ȟȍȘȚȍȎȐ
ǵȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȞȈ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ ș ȊȖȒȏȈȓȈ
ǪȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ țșȚȈȓȣȑ ǬȎȐȔ

118
VII
ǻǼǴ ǰ ǿǽǶǻȁ ǾdzǰǼǹȌȄǶǶ
ǵȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ șȍȓ ȗȖșȘȍȌȐ șȚȖȓȈ
ǶȒȘțȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȎȌțȡȍȑ ȚȖȓȗȖȑ
Ƕȕ ȖȚȒȐȕțȓ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȔȧȋȒȐȑ ȠȈȘȜ
ǹ ȉțȌȚȖ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ
Ƕȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ — «ǭȡȍ ȕȍ țȗțȡȍȕ șȘȖȒ
ǪȖșșȚȈȕȐȍ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ Ȋ ȕȖȟȤ"
ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ǵțȎȕȖ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ
ǵȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ țȌȈȘ»
— «ǶȚșȘȖȟȒȈ"» — ǬȣȝȈȕȤȍ ȏȈȚȈȐȊ
ǹȋȘțȌȐȓȐșȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ șȚȖȓȈ
— «ǶȚșȘȖȟȒȈ"» — ǰ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ș ȓȐȞȖȔ, ȒȈȒ Ȕȍȓ
ǷȘȖȚȐșȒȐȊȈȓșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
ǷȘȐȍȏȎȐȑ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ ȕȈ ȠȈȚȒȐȑ șȚȖȓ
ǰ ȊȏȔȈȝȕțȓ ȉțȔȈȋȖȑ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ
— «ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ȏȕȈȑȚȍ ǺȈȒ ȘȍȠȐȓ
ǷȘȐșȓȈȊȠȐȑ Ȕȍȕȧ DzȖȔȐȕȚȍȘȕ
DzȈȗȐȚȈȓ șȐȓȍȕ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȉȡȐȑ ȊȏȘȣȊ
ǹȖȒȘțȠȐȚ ȊȍȒȖȊȖȑ ȕȈȘȖșȚ —
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ Ȋ ȞȍȓȖȔ ȘȧȌȍ șȚȘȈȕ
ǪȈȔ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ" ǷȐȠȐȚȍ Ȏȍ ȗȘȐȒȈȏ
“ǶȚȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ Ȍȕȧ”»
Ƕȕ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȗȕ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ
DzȈȒ ȊșȗȓȣȊȈȓȐ ȓȐȕȐȐ șȚȘȖȒ
DzȈȒ ȖȌȐȕ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȊȖȎȌȐ
ǰ ȗȖȌȗȐșȣȊȈȓȐ ȗȘȐȒȈȏ
ǰ ȓȐȓȖȊȣȑ ȓțȟ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓ ȗȖ ȟȍȘȚȈȔ
ǩțȌȚȖ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ
ǺȐȠȍ Ǫ ȚȍȔȕțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȗȘȖȋȘȍȔȍȓ țȌȈȘ
ǶȚȖȏȊȈȊȠȐșȤ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȍȘȌȞȈȝ —
— «ǶȉȣșȒ" ǷȖȑȔȈȕȣ"» Ǫ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȒțȓȈȒȍ
ǯȈșȊȍȘȒȈȓȈ șȍȘȈȧ șȚȈȓȤ

119
— «ǬȎȐȔ ȖȚȒȘȖȑ ǷȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȤȚȍ ȌȐȕȈȔȐȚ
ȇ ȊȒȓȦȟț ȍșȓȐ ȕțȎȕȖ ȚȖȒ!»
 Ǫ ȝȔțȘȖȔ ȏȈȓȍ ȒțȟȒȈ ȝȔțȘȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ǴȈȓȖȒȘȖȊȕȣȑ ȜȖȕȈȘȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ
ǶșȊȍȡȈȍȚ șȚȖȓ Ǩ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȍ
ǺȖȚ ȟȍȑ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒ — ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȠȈȘȜ
ǬȊȍȘȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ǰ Ȋ șȊȍȚȓȣȑ ȒȘțȋ ȠȈȋȕțȓ
ǷȖȒȈȟȕțȊȠȐȑșȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȕȈȝȓȖȉțȟȍȕȕȖȔ ȒȈȘȚțȏȍ
ǰ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȑ ȔȧȋȒȐȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȓȖșȒțȚ
ǶȉȊȐȊȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ

120
VIII
ȅdzǹǼǰdzǸ ǰ ǵdzǹdzǻǼǺ ȆǮǾȂdz
ǴȐȋ Ȑ ȏȈȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȑ șȚȍȘȎȍȕȤ
Ǫ ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ ȗȖȕȐȒ
DzȘȐȒ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȤȧ ȕȍșȌȍȘȎȈȕ —
— «ǿȍȘȚ" ǷȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȤȍ" ǬȊȖȑȕȐȒ"
DzȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȑȏ ȊȈș ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ
ǷȍȘȍȘȧȌȐȊȠȐȑșȧ ȒȚȖ"
ȅȚȖȚ — ț ȌȊȍȘȐ șȚȖȧȡȐȑ
ȅȚȖȚ — ȊșȒȖȟȐȊȠȐȑ ȕȈ șȚȖȓ"»
ǮȌȈȓȐ șțȘȖȊȖ Ȑ șȚȘȖȋȖ
ǫȕȍȚ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȤȧ ȔȖȘȐȓ
ǰ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ț ȗȖȘȖȋȈ
ǴȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǹȎȈȓȈșȤ ȒȖȋȚȐșȚȈȧ ȓȈȗȈ
ǷȓȖȚȕȖ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓșȧ ȒȓȈȗȈȕ
ǸțȎȤȧ ȒȈȒ Ȑȋȓȣ ȍȎȈ!
ȇ ȘȈȏȊȖȘȖȟȈȓ ȏȈȔȖȒ șȈȔ
Ǫ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȍ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȊ Ȏȍȋșȧ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȉȖȒșȈ
ǷȍȘȍȠȈȋȕțȓ — Ȑ ȉȍȎȈȓ
ȇ ȗȘȖȉȍȋȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȎȐȘȈȜȈ
ȇ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ȔȣȠȤ
ǷȖ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȈȔ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȈ
ǷȖ ȖȒȖȕȍȟȕȖșȚȧȔ ȒȘȣȠ
ǺȤȔȈ ȕȈȌȊȐȋȈȧșȤ ȝȊȈȚȈȓȈ
Ǫ țȓȐȞȈȝ ȉȣȓ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȓȍșț
ǵȖ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȘșȒȐȔ ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓȈȔ
ǬȖȉȘȣȍ ȊȍșȚȐ ȕȍșț
ǪȍȒ ȋȖȓȖȌȖȊȖȒ Ȑ ȒȈȚȖȘȋ
DzȖȕȟȐȓșȧ ǩȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȎȐȚȤ ȐȔ
DzȈȗȐȚȈȓȐșȚȈȔ ǰ ȊȖȚ
ȅȚȖȚ șțȉȢȍȒȚ ȗȘȖȊȖȒȈȚȖȘ
ǶȉȍȏȖȘțȎȤȚȍ șȊȧȎȐȚȍ

ǰ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȑȚȍ ȍȋȖ
ǫȖȘȍ ȐȡȍȑȒȈȔ Ȑ ȋȖȕȟȐȔ
ǹȚȘȈȝ Ȑ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȟȤ
Ǵȣ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȔ Ȑ ȒȖȕȟȐȔ
Ǫ ȥȚț ȋȘȧȌțȡțȦ ȕȖȟȤ

122
ǵǮǸǹȌȅdzǻǶdz
ǼǸǼǻȅǮǻǶdz ǾǮǵDZǼǰǼǾǮ
ǹȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȐȒ
ǹȚȘȖȟȒȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ șȗȍȚȈ
ǸȈșșȒȈȏ ȖȚȋȘȍȔȍȓ Ȑ șȕȐȒ
ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǪȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ
ǷȖȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȋȈȏȍȚ Ȑ ȒȕȐȋ
ǫȌȍ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ ȗȖȥȚȈ"
ǫȌȍ ȓȐȘȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȖȋȕȐ"
Ǻȣ ȘȖȎȌȍȕ Ȑȏ ȚțȔȈȕȕȖȑ Ȕȋȓȣ ȉȣȓ
ǸȖș Ȋ țȋȈȘȍ ȋȓțȝȐȝ ȓȍȋȍȕȌ
ǰ ȉȍȘȍȠȤșȧ ȊȖȘȖȟȈȚȤ ȋȓȣȉȣ
ǹȓȈȉȖșȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȐȋȍȕȚ
ǷȖȕȐȔȈȍȠȤ —Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȍșȐȓȐ
ȅȚȈȎȐ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȕȣȝ șȚȘȖȒ
ǨȊȚȖȘ
ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ Ȏ ȗȖȥȚ ȉȍșșȐȓȍȕ
ǷȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȣȑ șȘȖȒ"
ǩȍșȗȘȐșȚȘȈșȚȕȣȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȈȊȚȖȘ
Ǫșȍ ȉȍșșȚȘȈșȚȕȍȑ Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȍȑ
ȇ ȋȓȧȎț ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȍȘȐ «ȏȈȊȚȘȈ»
ǵȈ ȚȧȎȍȓțȦ ȗȖșȚțȗȤ Ȍȕȍȑ
ǹȒȊȖȏȤ ȘȈȏȘȍȏ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȕȣȝ ȠȐȘȔ
ǹȒȊȖȏȤ ȊȍșȍȓȤȍ ȗȐȘȣ țȦȚ
ǪȐȎț ȋȐȉȍȓȤ ȏȈȗȓȣȊȠȐȝ ȎȐȘȖȔ
ǺȈȒ ȉȍȏȌȍȑșȚȊțȦȚ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȣ
ǶȒȘțȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȒȈȦȚ!
ǿȈș țȌȈȘȐȚ DzȈȒ șȚȍȕȒȐ ȉȓȦȌȞȈ
ǸȈȏȓȍȚȧȚșȧ ȉȖȘȚȈ ǰ ȊȖȚ

ǵȈȌ ȗȐȘțȦȡȐȔȐ șȖȓȤȦȚșȧ
ǪȖȓȕȣ Ȋșȗȍȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȑ
ǩȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȍ ȚȖȓȗȣ ȊȖȌ
Ǩ Ȑȏ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȉȍȏȌȖȕȕȖȑ ȌȈȓȐ
ǯȈșȐȧȍȚ ȕȈȌ ȔȖȘȍȔ ȘțȒ
ǶșȓȍȗȐȚȍȓȤȕȍȑ ȎȐȌȒȖȑ șȚȈȓȐ
ȇȘȟȍ șȖȓȕȞ ȟȚȖ ȔȐȘȈȔ ȉȓȐșȚȈȓȐ
ǷȓȈȔȍȕȍȦȡȐȑ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȒȘțȋ
ǰȦȓȤ-ȈȊȋțșȚ  ȋ

ǽȞȖȚȓȥȎțȖȭ
Ǫșȍ ȚȍȒșȚȣ ȗțȉȓȐȒțȦȚșȧ ȗȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȐȏȌȈȕȐȧȔ ș ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȟȍȊȐȌ-
ȕȣȝ ȖȗȍȟȈȚȖȒ Ȑ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ țșȚȈȘȍȊȠȐȝ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȍȑ ȖȘȜȖȋȘȈȜȐȐ Ȑ
ȗțȕȒȚțȈȞȐȐ Ǫ ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȐ ȖȉȓȖȎȒȐ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕ ȗȓȈȒȈȚ Ǫ ǬȍȕȐ
ǿȍȘȕȖȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȐȏȌ ǺțȔȈȕȕȣȑ Ǭ ǿȍȘȕȖȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ ǷȖȊȍșȚȤ dz
ǸȈȉȖȟȍȍ ȐȏȌ-ȊȖ ©ǷȘȐȉȖȑª 
ǨȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȍ ȜȈȠȐșȚȣ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȐȏȌ ǺțȔȈȕȕȣȑ Ǭ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȍ ȜȈȠȐșȚȣ
ǷȖȊȍșȚȤ ș ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧȔȐ [Ǵ] ǯȍȔȓȧ Ȑ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȈ  – Ƕȉȓ.
ȝțȌ Ǩ ǹȖȒȖȓȖȊȈ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȔ ȠȈȘȜȍ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȐȏȌ ǷȈȕȖȊ ǵ Ǭ ǺțȔȈȕȕȣȑ). ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȏȍȓȍ-
ȕȖȔ ȠȈȘȜȍ ǪȚȖȘȈȧ Ȓȕ șȚȐȝȖȊ  –  ȋȖȌ
 >Ǵ@ ǼȍȌȍȘȈȞȐȧ
ǨȘȚȍȓȤ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȍȑ ©DzȘțȋª [1928].

125
Ǽǯ ǮǰȀǼǾdz
ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȍȊȐȟ ǷȈȕȖȊ ȉțȌțȡȐȑ ©ǬȐȘ ǺțȔȈȕȕȣȑª ȘȖȌȐȓ-
șȧ Ȋ  ȋ Ȋ DzȖȏȍȓȤșȒȍ Ȋ șȍȔȤȍ ȗȖȌȈȚȕȖȋȖ ȐȕșȗȍȒȚȖȘȈ ǶȒȖȕȟȐȓ
ǴȖșȒȖȊșȒȐȑ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚȐȒȐ 
 ȜȈȒțȓȤȚȍȚ ȗȘȈȊȈ Ǵǫǻ
(1928).
ǬȍȉȦȚȐȘȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȍ Ȋ - ȓȍȚ Ȋ - ȋȋ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȈȓ
ȋȘțȗȗț ȗȘȍȏȈȕȚȐșȚȖȊ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ ȊȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ dzȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȣȑ ȞȍȕȚȘ ȒȖȕșȚ-
ȘțȒȚȐȊȐșȚȖȊ Ǫ 20-ȝ ȋȋ ȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓșȧ ȗȖȌ ȗșȍȊȌȖȕȐȔȖȔ ©ǬȐȘ Ǻț-
ȔȈȕȕȣȑª
ǷȍȘȊȖȑ ȒȕȐȋȖȑ ǷȈȕȖȊȈ șȚȈȓ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȧȘȒȐȑ ȕȖ ȕȍȏȘȍȓȣȑ Ȑ ȖȚȔȍ-
ȟȍȕȕȣȑ șȈȔȣȔȐ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȧȔȐ șȉȖȘȕȐȒ ©ǴȖșȒȖȊș-
ȒȈȧ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȈª 
 ǯȈ ȕȐȔ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȐ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȐ ©ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ
ȏȍȓȍȕȖȔ ȠȈȘȜȍª 
 Ȑ ©ǪȘȈȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȚȍȕȐª 

ǷȈȘȈȓȓȍȓȤȕȖ ǷȈȕȖȊ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȘȖȏȍ ȍȋȖ ȕȐȠȍȑ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȏȈȐȒȈ
șȚȈȕȖȊȧȚșȧ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ©ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧª Ȋ ȚȘȈ-
ȌȐȞȐȐ ©ȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ǷȐȕȒȍȘȚȖȕȈª Ƕȕ ȗțȉȓȐȒțȍȚ ȘȖȔȈȕȣ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍ-
ȕȐȑ ©ǬȍȚȐ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈª 
 Ȑ ©ǺȈȑȕȈ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈª 

ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȘȖȔȈȕ ©ǪșȈȌȕȐȒȐ ȊȍȚȘȈ ǬȊȖȑȕȐȒȐ
ª 
 ȗȖȊȍ-
șȚȐ ©ǨȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȍ ȜȈȠȐșȚȣª 4
 Ȑ ©ǿȍȘȕȖȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȖª 

ǷȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ǷȈȕȖȊȈ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓȐșȤ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȗȘȈȊȖȊȍȘȕȖșȚȤȦ
DzȈȒ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈ Ȋ  ȋ ©dzȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȈȧ ȥȕȞȐȒȓȖȗȍȌȐȧª ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ
©ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȍȚ ȗȖȌȗȖȓȤȕțȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȘțșșȒȐȝ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȊȐȒȖȊ ³ǺȈȑȕȈ
șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ”
 ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȒȖȔȗȈȘȚȐȑ ȒȘȍȗȕț-

ȡȐȝ Ȋ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ ș ȐȔȗȍȘȐȈȓȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȘȍȈȒȞȐȍȑ ȘȖșȚ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ Ȋ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȍ DzȐȚȈȍ “ǬȍȚȐ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȌȘȈȒȖȕȈ” Ȑ ȌȘ

ȘȈȏȖȉȓȈȟȈȍȚ ȗȘȖȐșȒȐ ȒȓȈșșȖȊȖȋȖ ȊȘȈȋȈ ȕȈ șȖȊȍȚșȒȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȧȚȐȧȝ
³ǿȍȘȕȖȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ” )».
ǶȗȣȚȣ Ȋ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȍ ǷȈȕȖȊ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȓ Ȋ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȍ ©ȆȉȐȓȍȑ ȌȖȒ-
ȚȖȘȈ ǼȘȈȑșȈª 
 Ȑ Ȋ ȘȧȌȍ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȑ Ȗ ©ȉțȌțȡȍȑ ǴȖșȒȊȍª
©Ǫ ȉțȌțȡȍȑ ǴȖșȒȊȍª ©ǷțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊțª -
 Ǫ ȚȘȐȌ-
ȞȈȚȣȝ ȋȖȌȈȝ ȉȣȓȐ ȐȏȌȈȕȣ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȕȣȍ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȐ ©ǵȖȟȤ ȊȓȦȉ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȝ ǷȖȥȔȣª 
 ©ǵȖȊȍȓȓȣª 
 ©ǹȚȐȝȐ Ȑ ȕȖȊȍȓȓȣª 
,
ȗȖȥȔȈ ©DzȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ ȚȈȕȒȈª 
 ©ǰȏȉȘȈȕȕȖȍ ǹȚȐȝȐ ȕȖȊȍȓȓȣ ȗȖȥȔȣ»
(1940).
Ǫ - ȋȋ ǷȈȕȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȔ ȒȖȘȘȍșȗȖȕȌȍȕȚȖȔ ȊȖȏȋȓȈȊȓȧȓ
ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȣȑ ȖȚȌȍȓ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ǹȍȊȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȜȓȖȚȈ ©DzȘȈșȕȖȜȓȖȚȍȞª țȟȈ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ȉȖȍȊȣȝ ȗȖȝȖȌȈȝ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȑ ǹȍȊȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȜȓȖȚȈ
ǹ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ǷȈȕȖȊ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓ Ȋ ȖșȕȖȊȕȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ-ȔȈȘȐȕȐșȚ Ȑ
ȈȊȚȖȘ ȒȕȐȋ Ȗ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ ȔȖȘȧȒȈȝ ǶȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓ ȒȕȐȋȐ ©ǩȖȞȔȈȕ ș “Ǻț-
ȔȈȕȈ´ 
 ©ǹȚȘȈșȚȕȖȍ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍª 
 ©DzȖȓȖȒȖȓȈ ȋȘȖȔȒȖȋȖ
ȉȖȧª 
 ©Ǫ ȖȒȍȈȕȍª 
 ©ǷȖȊȍșȚȤ Ȗ ȌȊțȝ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧȝª 

©ǶȘȓȣ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ dzȦȌȖȊȈª 
 ȌȊȈ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȈ ȐȏȉȘȈȕȕȣȝ șȚȐȝȖȚ-
ȊȖȘȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȗȖȥȔ  
 Ȑ ȌȘ
ǹȒȖȕȟȈȓșȧ Ȋ  ȋ

ǶȋȓȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ
ǿȍȘȕȖȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ
5
ǨȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȍ ȜȈȠȐșȚȣ
59
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȔ ȠȈȘȜȍ
105
ǷȘȐȔȍȟȈȕȐȧ
124
Ƕȉ ȈȊȚȖȘȍ
125