Angelus Dei. Избранное - Еленев Н.А.

Автор: Еленев Н.А.
Теги: русская литература художественная литература
Год: 2021
Похожие
Призрачный час. Избранные рассказы
Под стеклянным колпаком. Избранные сочинения. Том I
Ошибка биолога. Избранные сочинения. Том II
Доктор-дьявол. Избранные сочинения. Том III
Текст
                    ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ
ǭǳǭǵǭǪ
ANGELUS
DEI
ǰȏȉȘȈȕȕȖȍ
CȖșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ
ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ ǹǺǭǷǨǵǶǪ
Salamandra P.V.V.

ǭȓȍȕȍȊ ǵ Ǩ
Angelus Dei: ǰȏȉȘȈȕȕȖȍ CȖșȚ Ǩ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊ ǷȖȌȋ ȚȍȒșȚȈ Ȑ ȒȖȔȔ Ǩ ǹȚȍ-
ȗȈȕȖȊȈ Ȑ Ǵ ǼȖȔȍȕȒȖ — ǩ Ȕ Salamandra P.V.V., 2021. — 242 ș Ȑȓȓ
«Angelus Dei» — ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖȋȖ ȕȈșȓȍȌȐȧ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖȊȍȌȈ
ȗȘȖȏȈȐȒȈ Ȑ ȗȖȥȚȈ ǵ Ǩ ǭȓȍȕȍȊȈ - țȟȈșȚȕȐȒȈ ǷȍȘȊȖȑ ǴȐȘȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ǫȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒȖȑ
ȊȖȑȕ ȎȐȊȠȍȋȖ Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȊȠȍȋȖ Ȋ ǿȍȝȐȐ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ ǷȖȓȤȠȍ ǹȀǨ Ȑ ǨȊșȚȘȐȐ Ǫ ȗȘȖȏȍ ǭȓȍ-
ȕȍȊȈ șȖȏȌȈȊȈȊȠȍȑșȧ Ȋ ȖșȕȖȊȕȖȔ Ȋ -ȝ – ȕȈȟȈȓȍ -ȝ ȋȋ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȚȧȋȖȚȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ Ȓ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔț ȉțȌȤ ȚȖ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȣȍ ȋȖȜȔȈȕȐȈȌȣ ȕȈ ȜȖȕȍ șȚȈȘȖȑ ǷȘȈȋȐ
ȖȚȚȖȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȔȐȕȐȈȚȦȘȣ ȐȓȐ șȚȐȓȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȒȘȣȔșȒȐȝ ȓȍȋȍȕȌ Ǫ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȊȒȓȦȟȍȕȣ ȚȈȒȎȍ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȑ  ȋ Ȑ ȗțȉȓȐȒțȍȔȈȧ ȗȖ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȐ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȟȍșȒȈȧ șȒȈȏȒȈ ©ǩȍ-
ȓȈȧ ȉȈȠȕȧª Ȋ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ — ȔȍȔțȈȘȕȖȍ ȥșșȍ ©ǲȍȔ ȉȣȓȈ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȈ"ª
© A. Stepanov, cȖșȚ ȗȖȌȋ ȚȍȒșȚȈ ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚ 1
© M. Fomenko ȗȖȌȋ ȚȍȒșȚȈ ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚ 1
© Salamandra P.V.V ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȍ 21

ANGELUS
DEI

MIZZI

7
ǫȘȐȋȖȘȐȦ ǨȓȤȚȠțȓȓȍȘț,
șȚȈȘȖȔț ȌȖȉȘȖȔț ȌȘțȋț
«Wie heisst du?» fragte Fridolin.
«No, wie wir i denn heissen?
Mizzi natürlich».
Arthur Schnitzler
ȇ Ȋȣȕțȓ ȊȚȖȘȐȟȕȖ ȟȈșȣ Ȑ ș ȕȍșȒȘȣȊȈȍȔȖȑ ȌȖșȈȌȖȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǬȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȀȈȜȘȈȕȍȒ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȧ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ
ȗȤȧȕȐȞȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț Ȏȍ ȧ ȏȈȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȘȋȈȠ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȉȣ ȟȚȖ
Ȋȣ șȖȉȐȘȈȍȚȍșȤ șȣȋȘȈȚȤ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȏȓțȦ ȠțȚȒț ǫȓȧȌȐȚȍ ȉȍȏ  ȔȐȕțȚ 
ȀȈȜȘȈȕȍȒ țȔȖȓȧȦȡȍ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ ȘțȒȈȊ
— ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȈȑȚȍșȤ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȖȗȖȏȌȈȍȚȍ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȌȈȓȐ ȍȡȍ
ȌȍșȍȘȚȕȣȝ ǪȖȚ Ȋ ȚȖȑ ȉȖȟȒȍ
ǵȖ ȧ șȖ ȏȓȖȉȖȑ ȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ șȣȚȖȍ ȗțȏȖ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȖȑ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖșȚȐ ǹȚȍȈ-
ȘȐȕȖȊȈȧ șȊȍȟȈ șȒțȗȖ ȖșȊȍȡȈȊȠȈȧ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȗȖȌȊȈȓ țȎȍ ȖȗȓȣȓȈ ȚȍȕȐ ȖȚ Ȍț-
ȉȖȊȣȝ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȐȕ ȊȣȘȖșȓȐ ȌȖ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȝ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȊ Ȉ ȚȖȕțȊȠȍȍ Ȋ ȊȖȕȦȟȍȔ Ȍȣ-
Ȕț șȐȋȈȘȣ ȀȈȜȘȈȕȍȒȈ ȋȖȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȈ ȎțȚȒȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȖ
ȐșȗȖȓȐȕșȒțȦ ȓȍȚțȟțȦ ȔȣȠȤ
ǵȖ ȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȖȊ ȗȤȧȕȈȧ ȔȖȓȤȉȈ ȀȈȜȘȈȕȍȒȈ Ȑ ȒȐșȓȣȑ
ȏȈȗȈȝ șȣȘȖȋȖ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ ȚȊȍȘȌȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȧ — ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȐȐ Ȉ Ȋ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ, ȓȐȠȤ
ȉȘȖȌȧȋȈ șȖ ȏȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȗȖșȘȍȌȕȐȒȈ ȜȐȘȔȣ ©Amalia Fochs-Witwe» — ȌȊȈ ȟȈșȈ ȕȈ-
ȏȈȌ ȒțȗȐȓ ȏȌȍșȤ  ȉȖȟȍȒ ȊȐȕȈ țȗȓȈȚȐȓ ȒȘțȗȕȣȑ ȏȈȌȈȚȖȒ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȉțȔȈȎ-
ȕȐȒȍ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȘȈșȗȐșȒȈ ȀȈȜȘȈȕȍȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȤȧȕ ȟȚȖ ȕȣȕȟȍ șȖȟȍȓȤȕȐȒ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȧ
ȖȗȖȏȌȈȦ ȕȈ ȗȖȍȏȌ ȍșȓȐ ȏȈȌȍȘȎțșȤ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȍȓȤȍ
— ȀȈȜȘȈȕȍȒ ȐȌȐȚȍ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ șȚțȗȈȑȚȍ Ǵȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȍȡȍ ȒțȗȐȚȤ ȗȖȌȈ-
ȘȖȒ ȌȖ ȖȚȝȖȌȈ ȗȖȍȏȌȈ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȌȊȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ
ȀȈȜȘȈȕȍȒ ȏȈȎȍȋ șȗȐȟȒț Ȑ ȏȈȒțȘȐȊȈȧ ȖșȚȈȚȖȒ șȐȋȈȘȣ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȗȖȌȓȖ Ȑ ȖȔȍȘ-
ȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ
— ǷȖȌȈ-Ȉ-ȘȖȒ" ǬȖȒȚȖȘ țȔȍȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘȖȔ ȘȣȞȈȘȍȔ ȝȍ ȝȍ
ǵȖ ȈȓȒȖȋȖȓȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȓȐȚ ȇ ȚȘȧȝȕțȓ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȞȈ ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȖ ȇ ȒȘȐȒ-
ȕțȓ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȗțșȚȈȧ ȉȖȟȒȈ Ȋ țȋȓț ȋȓțȝȖ Ȑ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȍ ȏȈȋțȌȍȓȈ
— ȀȈȜȘȈȕȍȒ — Ȋ ȗȘȖȘțȉȤ
ǰ ȥȝȖ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȓȖ ©Ȋ ȗȘȖȘțȉȤª
— ǪȈȠȐ ȠțȚȒȐ ȋȓțȗȣ ǹȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ȗȍȑȚȍ șȊȖȑ ȊȍȘȔțȚ șȈȔȐ ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ șȖȟȍȓȤ-
ȕȐȒ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ț Ȕȍȕȧ șȖȉȈȟȤȧ ȚȖșȒȈ ȇ ȐȌț ȒțȗȐȚȤ ȒțȒȓț ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ"
ǲțȒȓț ȉȖȓȤȕȖȔț ȘȍȉȍȕȒț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȏȈȝȊȖȘȈȓ Ȋ ȊȈȠȍȔ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȋȌȍ ȕȍȚ
ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȎȐȊȖȋȖ ȒțșȚȈ ȊȍșȕȖȦ ȖȚ ȒȖȗȖȚȐ ȋȌȍ ȊȔȍșȚȖ șȕȍȋȈ — ȋȕȖȑ ȋȌȍ ȊȔȍșȚȖ
ȓȦȌȍȑ — ȞȍȓȓțȓȖȐȌȕȣȍ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȟȒȐ Ȑ ȗȓȈșȚȘȖȕȣ
Ƕ ȧ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȍȔ ȖȚȘȍȏȊȐȚȤ ȀȈȜȘȈȕȍȒȈ ǭȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊȣȗțȟȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȝȘȐȗȓȖ
ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ

8
— Ǩ ȌȈȊȕȐȑ ȕȈȠ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ǪȍȘȕȖ ǰ ȧ Ȑȝ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȎț ȧ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȦșȤ ȏȌȍșȤ
ȊȍȘȤȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ǪȖȚ ȊȈȔ ȘțȒȈ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ șȊȖȦ ȘțȒț ȘțȒȈ ȌȊȖȘȧȕȐȕȈ ȖȉȖȒȘȈ-
ȌȍȕȕȖȑ Ȑ ȊȚȖȗȚȈȕȕȖȑ Ȋ ȋȘȧȏȤ ǹȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȑ ǸȐȔșȒȖȑ ǰȔȗȍȘȐȐ
— ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȀȈȜȘȈȕȍȒ
ǹ ȓȍȋȒȖșȚȤȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȌȈȍȚșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȓȣȔ ȊȐȕȖȔ — ȊȏȉȍȎȈȓ ȧ ȗȖ ȘȈșȠȈ-
ȚȈȕȕȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȍ ȗȖșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȍ ǹȖȋȕțȊȠȈȧșȧ șȗȐȕȈ
ȀȈȜȘȈȕȍȒȈ ț ȊȚțȓȒȐ ȉȖȟȒȐ ȊșȒȖȟȐȊȠȈȧ ȕȈ ȓȖȉ ȘȣȎȈȧ ȉȘȖȊȤ ȖȚ ȌȣȔȈ ȖȒțȘȒȈ
ȌȘȖȎȈȡȈȧ ȒȘțȎȒȈ ȗȖȌ ȓȍȕȐȊȖȑ șȚȘțȍȑ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȀȈȜȘȈȕȍȒ ȕȍ ȗȖȋȖȕȐȚ-
șȧ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȑ Ȑ ȉțȌȍȚ șȖșȈȚȤ ȔȈȓȈȋț ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȧȊȐȚșȧ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȉȖȚȓȐȊȈȧ șȍșȚȘȈ ǵȍ-
Ȕȣȍ ȉȖȟȒȐ țșȓȣȠȈȚ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȚȘțș Ȑ ȌȍȏȍȘȚȐȘ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖșȘȍȌȕȐȒ ȟȚȖ ȝȍ
ȝȍ die Witwe ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ Ȋ ȊȐȕȍ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȏȍ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȐțȌȍȑșȒȖȔ ȗȐ-
șȤȔȍ ǵȖ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȗ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȞȍ ȉȣȊȠȍȔ ȒȈȔȍȘȌȐȕȍȘȍ țȉȐȚȖȋȖ Ȋ ǹȈȘȈȍȊȖ ȥȘȞȋȍȘȞȖ-
ȋȈ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȐȓȈșȤ ǶȉȋȖȕȧȧ ȗȍȠȍȝȖȌȖȊ ȧ țșȚȘȍȔȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȊȖȒȏȈȓț șȖȖȉȘȈȎȈȧ
©ǭșȓȐ ȒțȘȤȍȘșȒȐȑ ȏȈȗȖȏȌȈȍȚ ȔȖȑ ȗȖȍȏȌ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ
ǳȐȠȤ ȉȣ ȍȡȍ țșȗȍȚȤ ȒțȗȐȚȤ ȐȋȘțȠȒț«ª
ǵȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ ȕȈ ȐșȚȖȗȚȈȕȕȖȔ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȔ șȕȍȋț ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖ-ȔȍȘȚȊȣȍ șȚȧȕțȚȣȍ
ȒțșȒȈȔȐ ȘȖȋȖȎȐ, ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȗȍȓȍȕȈȔȐ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȍȓȒȐ Ǻȍ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ
ȗȖȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȉȖȌȘȖ ȊȣșȚȘȖȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȘȧȌ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȒȘȍșȚȖȊȐȕȈȝ Ȑȏ șȊȍȎȍȖȉșȚȘțȋȈȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ
ǬȘȍȉȍȏȎȈȓ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȍȕȕȖ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȑ ȋȈȓȈȕȚȕȖ ȎȍșȚȐȒțȓȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒȐȑ Ȋ
ȉȍȓȣȝ ȗȍȘȟȈȚȒȈȝ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȒȍ ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȜȣȘȒȈȓȐ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ ȒȈȘȍȚȣ ȏȈȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȕȕȖȑ șțȚȖȓȖȒȖȑ Ǫ ȕȍȑ șȐȌȍȓȈ ȕȈȗțȌȘȍȕȕȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ țȒțȚȈȕȕȈȧ Ȋ ȔȍȝȈ șȖ
șȚȈȘȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȊȐȚȣȔȐ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȊțȈȓȤȦ ǲȈȒ ȉȣ ȉȖȧșȤ ȖȗȖȏȌȈȚȤ,
ȖȕȈ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȟȈșȣ ȕȈ ȉȘȈșȓȍȚȍ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȝ
ȖȒȖȕ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȖșȖȉȕȧȒȈ ȇ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȏȈ ȍȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ǪȐȌȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȓȖȒ ȏȈȓȐȚȣȑ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȗȖȘȝȈȓȐ ȈȔțȘȣ ȐȋȘȈȧ ȋȐȘȓȧȕȌȈȔȐ ȉȈȘ-
ȊȐȕȒȈ ǶȕȐ ȒȘțȎȐȓȐșȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȖșȐȧȕȕȖȑ ȊȍȘȝțȠȒȐ ȍȓȒȐ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȖȑ ȘȈȏȕȖ-
ȞȊȍȚȕȣȔȐ ȘȖȎȌȍșȚȊȍȕșȒȐȔȐ șȊȍȟȈȔȐ Ȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔȐ ȖȘȍȝȈȔȐ ǹȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȑ ȌȖȎȌȤ
Ȑ ȐșȒȘȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȉȓȍșȚȒȐ ȊșȒȖȓȣȝȕțȓȐ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕțȦ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ Ǫ ȓȐȞȖ ȌȖȝȕțȓ Țȍȗ-
ȓȣȑ Ȑ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȕȈȗȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȌȋȖȘȍȊȠȍȑ șȔȖȓȐșȚȖȑ ȝȊȖȍȑ Ȑ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȔ ȊȖș-
ȒȖȔǪȐȏȋȓȐȊȖ țȌȈȘȐȓ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓ ȕȈ ȉȈȠȕȍ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ șȊ ǹȚȍȜȈȕȈ ȌȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ șȚȘȍȓ-
ȒȈ ȟȈșȖȊ ȧ ȗȘȐȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȏȈ țȋȓȖȔ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚȤșȧ ȒțȒȖȓȤȕȈȧ ȓȈȊ-
ȒȈ
©ǳȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȖȍ șȖșȍȌșȚȊȖ«ª — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȊ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȕȍȦ ȉȦȘȖ ȗȖȋ-
ȘȍȉȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȐȑ ǵȖ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȌȖ șȖȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȑ
ǷȘȖȌȈȊȡȐȞȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȖȌȘȖșȚȖȒ ȠȚȖȗȈȊȠȈȧ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȑ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȣȑ ȟțȓȖȒ Ȑș-
ȗțȋȈȕȕȖ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȚȖȘȖȗȧșȤ ȧ ȘȊȈȕțȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ ȗȖȌșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȓ ȗȘȐȓȈȊȒț
— ǩȈȘȣȠȕȧ ȒțȒȓț ǵȖ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȧ ȉȖȦșȤ ȖȗȖȏȌȈȚȤ
ǲȘȣȠȒȐ ȒȈȘȚȖȕȖȒ ȗȖȓȍȚȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ ǵȍțȒȓȦȎȐȑ ȗȓȦȠȍȊȣȑ ȖȘȈȕȋțȚȈȕȋ ț
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȏȈȘȣȟȈȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȉȘȦȝȍ ȋȘțȏȕȖ Ƞȓȍȗȕțȓșȧ ȕȈȏȍȔȤ ǩȓȍșȕțȓ ȕȈȋȓȖ
Ȑ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȖșȓȍȗȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ȕȍȋȘ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȕȐȊȠȐȑ Ȕȕȍ ȒȖȟȍ-
ȋȈȘȈ ǫȖȉȐ ȗȓȈȊȈȊȠȍȋȖ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍ ǵȖ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ Ǫȏȓȍ-
ȚȍȓȈ ȍȡȍ ȒȘȣȠȒȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȗȖȒȖȍ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ ș ȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȊȖȑ Ȑ șȒȐȗȍȚȘȖȔ ǭȋȖ șȔȍȕȐȓ ȉȍȏțșȣȑ ș ȖȌțȚȓȖȊȈȚȣȔ ȎȍȓȚȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȏȊȍȏ-

9
ȌȖȟȍȚ ȒȖȓȌțȕ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ǸȣȎȐȑ ȞȐȘȒȖȊȖȑ ȠțȚ ș ȐȌȐȖȚșȒȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȕȈ
ȘȈȏȔȈȓȍȊȈȕȕȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ ȊȣȊȍȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑȏ ȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȧ
— ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ȇ Ȑȡț ȒțȒȓț Ȍȓȧ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ Ȍȓȧ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȐ Ȋȣ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ Ȉ
Ȋȣ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚȍ
ǷȘȖȌȈȊȡȐȞȈ ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȌȍȘȕțȓȈ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ
— ǵȖ Ȋȣ Ȕȕȍ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȉțȌȚȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȊ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȝȖȌț
— ǬȈ ȊȖȚ ǴȐȞȞȐ ȘȈȏȊȍ
ǶȕȈ ȊȣȕțȓȈ Ȑȏ ȠȒȈȜȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȧȡȐȒ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȑ ȕȈ ȋȘȖȉ.
ǹ țșȐȓȐȍȔ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȊ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȚȈȉțȘȍȚ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȡȐȞȈ ȖȚȖȌȊȐȕțȓȈ ȒȘȣȠȒț Ȑ ȧ țșȓȣ-
ȠȈȓ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȏȈ șȚȍȕȖȦ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȊȌȈȓȐ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș Ȑ ȊȏȌȖȝ
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ
Ǵȍȕȧ ȒȈȟȕțȓȖ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȖȕȏȐȓ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȣȑ țȎȈș Ȑ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȐȏȎȐȚȈȧ
ȉȖȓȤ ȇ șȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȊȐșȒȐ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȍȘȍȗ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȓȖȗȕțȚȤ
ǹ țȗȈȊȠȐȔȐ ȊȍȒȈȔȐ ȖȗțȠȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȚȍȔȕȣȔȐ ȘȍșȕȐȞȈȔȐ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȒ
ȗȘȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ ș ȌȍȚșȒȐ ȗȈȌȈȦȡȍȑ ȕȈ ȓȖȉ ȏȖȓȖȚȐșȚȖȑ ȗȖȌșȚȘȐȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȘȧȌȤȦ Ȋ
ȒȈȘȚȖȕȕȖȔ ȧȡȐȒȍ șȓȖȎȐȊ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȣȍ ȜȈȘȜȖȘȖȊȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȔȖȧ
șȍșȚȘȈ ǴȐȓȐȞȈ ǹȗȈȏȔȈ șȎȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȋȖȘȓȖ ȌȘȖȎȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ ȧ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȓ ȗȘȖȌȈȊ-
ȡȐȞȍ ȐȡȈ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȍȋȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȉȣ ȕȍ șȔȖȋ ȘȈȏȢȧșȕȐȚȤ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ǹȚȖȧ
ȗȍȘȍȌ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȔ ȖȒȕȖȔ ȖȕȈ ȉȍȏțȟȈșȚȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ șțȍȚȧȡțȦșȧ țȓȐȞț ȗȘȖ-
ȊȖȎȈȧ ȗțșȚȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȗȈȌȈȊȠȐȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔȐ ȔȖȒȘȣȔȐ ȝȓȖȗȤȧȔȐ șȕȍȋ ǺȖȋȌȈ
Ȋ ȋȖȘȍșȚȕȖȑ ȚȖșȒȍ ȧ ȕȈȋȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕțȦ ȜȈȘȜȖȘȖȊțȦ ȘțȒț ȒțȒȓȣ
ǰ ț ȓȖȒȚȧ ȧ țȏȕȈȓ ȚȘȐ șȔțȋȓȣȝ ȘȖȌȐȕȒȐ ȇ țȘȖȕȐȓ ȉȘȧȒȕțȊȠțȦ ȒțȒȖȓȤȕțȦ
ȒȐșȚȤ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ țȌȈȘȐȓȐ ȎȍȓȍȏȖȔ ȗȖ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȔ șȊȈȓȐȓșȧ ȕȈ șȚțȓ
— ǪȈȔ ȝțȌȖ Ȋȣ ȉȖȓȤȕȣ" — ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȡȐȞȈ ȖȚ ȖȒȕȈ
ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȓȐȞȈ ȒțȒȓȣ ȟȤȐ ȉȘȖȊȐ șȖȔȒȕțȓȈ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖ-
ȔȈȧ Ȕȕȍ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ Ȋ ȓȐȞȍ țȔȍȘȠȍȑ șȍșȚȘȣ ȋȖȘȍȟȤ ǵȖ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȌȖȕȍșșȧ ȋȖȓȖș
— Ǫȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȖȓȤȕȣ
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȤȚȍșȤ ȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȖȘȖȗȐȓșȧ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ș șȍȘȌȞȍȔ
— ȇ ȗȘȐȕȍșț ȊȈȔ ȊȖȌȣ
ǷȘȖȌȈȊȡȐȞȈ ȗȘȖȠȓȈ Ȋ șȖșȍȌȕȍȍ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ ǰ ȝȖȚȧ șȚȘțȧ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȒȘȈȕȈ
ȏȊȍȕȍȓȈ Ȗ șȚȍȒȓȖ șȚȈȒȈȕȈ ȧ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȟȍȑ-ȚȖ ȋȖȓȖș ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș
— ǴȐȞȞȐ ȗȘȖșȕțȓȈșȤ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȕȈ ȘțȔȧȕȣȝ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ țșȚȈȝ ȒțȒȓȣ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȈ ȓțȒȈȊȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȇ ȊșȒȖ-
ȟȐȓ șȖȉȐȘȈȧșȤ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȕȖ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȡȐȞȈ țȎȍ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȈ șȚȈȒȈȕ ș ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ
ȊȖȌȖȑ ǶȚȗȐȊ ȋȓȖȚȖȒ ȚȘȧșțȡȐȔȐșȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȧ șȚȈȒȈȕ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȓȈȊȖȒ ȕȍ
Ȋ șȐȓȈȝ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȓȐȞȈ ȒțȒȓȣ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȗȘȖȗȓȣȓȐ ȒȖȓȍȉȓȦȡȐȍșȧ ȚȘȈțȘȕȣȍ ȗȓȦȔȈȎȐ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ Ȋȍȏ-
ȠȐȝ ȒȈȚȈȜȈȓȒ ǫȘȖȉ ȉȣȓ ȖȉȊȐȚ ȋȖȓțȉȣȔ ȉȈȘȊȐȕȒȖȔ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ț șȒȓȍȗȈ ș ȓȍȋȒȐȔ
ȠțȘȠȈȕȐȍȔ Ȗ ȒȘȈȧ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ȋ ȔȖȋȐȓț ȖȗțșȒȈȓșȧ ȋȘȖȉ ȕȐȡȐȑ Ȑȏ ȚȖȓȗȣ țȗȈȊ ȕȈ
ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ
— ǵȍȚ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ țȔȍȘȓȈ ȖȕȈ țȠȓȈ Ȋ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȑ ȚȧȎȒȐȑ ȗțȚȤ
ǲȈȒ ȘȣȌȈȓȈ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȔȈȚȤ ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȧ șȐȧȊȠȍȍ ȈȗȘȍȓȤșȒȖȍ ȕȍȉȖ
Ǵȍȕȧ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȓ ȖȚ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș
— ǺȈȒ ȒȈȒȖȊȖ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ"

10
— ǬȖȒȚȖȘȈ" — ȇ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȐȏțȔȐȓșȧ ǵȈ ȚȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȋȌȍ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȗȘȖ-
ȌȈȊȡȐȞȈ ș ȎȍȓȚȣȔ ȖȌțȚȓȖȊȈȚȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ș ȊȣȞȊȍȚȠȐȔȐ ȝȐȚȘȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȉȍ-
ȏțșȣȑ ȉȍȏȉȖȘȖȌȣȑ Ȋ ȏȈșȈȓȍȕȕȖȔ ȗȍșȚȘȖȔ ȎȐȓȍȚȍ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ șȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ șȚȈ-
ȘȐȒ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȊȠȐȑ șȒȖȗȞȈ ȐȓȐ ȍȊȕțȝȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȣșȧȟȈ ȔȍȓȒȐȝ ȔȖȘȡȐȕ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ
ȌȘȧȉȓȖȑ ȒȖȎȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȘȍȠȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ șȚȈȘȐȒ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȔȖȓȖ-
Ȍȣ Ȑ ȎȍșȚȖȒȐ ȔȧșȐșȚȣȑ ȧȘȒȐȑ ȘȖȚ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȑ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȐȏȕȖ-
ȠȍȕȕȖȔ ȗȖȘȖȟȕȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ ȚȈȒ ȝȈȔșȒȐ ȉȍșșȚȣȎȍ șȈȔȖȌȖȊȖȓȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȘțȒȖȑ
ȗȖ ȓȉț ȗȣȚȈȧșȤ șȖȘȊȈȚȤ ȊȧȏȒțȦ ȗȈțȚȐȕț ȔȍȘȏȖșȚȕȖȋȖ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ ǵȖ Ȗȕ ȎȌȈȓ ȖȚ-
ȊȍȚȈ
— ǲȚȖ ȊȈȔ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ țȌȐȊȓȧȧșȤ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȏȌȍșȤ ȏȕȈȓȐ
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȕȈ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȊȐȏȐȚȕȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȖȟȒȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ ȏȕȈȟȐȚșȧ — ȏȈ-
ȔȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ țșȔȍȝȕțȊȠȐșȤ
— ǫȌȍ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȔȖȦ ȒȈȘȚȖȟȒț"
— ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȘȈșșȍȧȕ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ — ș ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȕȍȌȖȉȘȖȑ țș-
ȔȍȠȒȖȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ șȒȖȗȍȞ — ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȐȏȊȖȓȐȓȐ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȓȈȊȖȒ ȉț-
ȔȈȎȕȐȒ ȖȚȒȘȣȊ ȍȋȖ ȊȣȕțȊ ȌȈȎȍ Ȍȓȧ țȗȓȈȚȣ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȉ ș ȕȐȔȐ Ȑ ȒȈȘȚȖȟȒț ȚȖ
ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȊȈȔ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȧ ȕȍ ȘȈȏțȟȐȓșȧ
ǹȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȚȊȖȘȐȓȖșȤ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȌȖȉȘȖȍ ȇ ȖȡțȗȈȓ ȒȈȘȔȈȕ
— ǬȈ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȐȡȍȚȍ« ȊȖȚ Ȗȕ — țȒȈȏȈȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ
ǵȈ șȚȖȑȒȍ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȔȖȑ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒ Ȉ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȊȠȈȧ ȊȐȏȐȚȕȈȧ ȒȈȘ-
ȚȖȟȒȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȓȈ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ
— ǬȈ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚȍ ȧ ȘȈșșȍȧȕ — ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ȧ ȊșȚȈȊȈȧ
— Ƕ ȌȈ — ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȖ Ȑ șȕȐșȝȖȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȊ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊȖȑ — Ǫȣ ȗȘȖȊȍȓȐ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȉȦȘȖ ȗȖ Ȗȕ ȏȈȒȈȠȓȧȓșȧ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȗȖȓ-
ȟȈșȈ ȋȓȧȌȧ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȥȚȖȑ ȐȋȘțȠȒȐ ǷȘȖȌȈȊȡȐȞȈ țȎȍ țȠȓȈ ȧ șȍȑȟȈș ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȦ
ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȊȈȔ țȋȖȌȕȖ
— ǬȈ ȌȈ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ — șȗȖȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȧ — ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȖȐȚ ȥȚȈ — ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ
ȒȈȒ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ Țț țȔȍȘȠțȦ ȕȍȗȖȒȐȕțȚțȦ ȗȈȔȧȚȤȦ ȟȍȑ ȜȈȘȜȖȘȖȊȣȑ ȉȍȏȌȣȝȈȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȚȖ ȊȍȟȕȖȔ ȗȖȒȖȍ
ǷȖȒȈȏȈȊ ȘȍȌȒȐȍ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ ȏțȉȣ ȗȖȟȍȘȕȍȊȠȐȍ ȖȚ ȕȐȒȖȚȐȕȈ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȕȈȏȊȈȓ
șțȔȔț ǶȕȈ ȗȘȍȊȣȠȈȓȈ ȔȖȑ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȖȒ ȏȈ ȊȍșȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȋȖȌ ǺȈȒȐȝ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȒȘȣȊ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȧȡȐȒ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȍȞ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ
ȇ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȦ ȏȊȧȒȕțȓȖ ȍȍ șȚȍȒȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȋȘȍȔȍȓȈ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȈȧ șȚȈ-
ȊȍȕȤ ȏȈȗȐȘȈȍȔȖȋȖ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȈ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȇ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȈ ȔȐȕț-
Țț ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȟțȌȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȜȈȓȤ-
ȞȍȚȖȔ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȘȈȕȧșȤ
Ǵȕȍ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ șȓȖȊȈ ©VFKPXW]LJH Metze» Ȑ ȟȤȐ-ȚȖ șȓȍȏȣ
ǵȖ ȔȖȒȘȣȍ ȉȍȏȋȓȈșȕȣȍ ȝȓȖȗȤȧ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȚțȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ
ȟȚȖ ȏȈȉȣȓ Ȋ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȍ ȗȍȘȟȈȚȒȐ ǪȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȚȤșȧ ȉȣȓȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ
ǪȐȏȋȓȐȊȖ țȌȈȘȐȓ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓ ȕȈ ȉȈȠȕȍ șȊ ǹȚȍȜȈȕȈ ȇ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȐȓ șȓȖȊȈ șȚȈȘȐ-
ȒȈ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȈȊ ȧ ȗȘȖȉȣȓ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȗȖȓțȟȈșȈ Ȑ ȔȖȑ ȗȖȍȏȌ țȎȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ
ȓȍȚȍȓ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȘȖȎȌȍșȚȊȍȕșȒȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ
ǰȏ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ ȌȖȕȖșȐȓșȧ ȓȐȒțȦȡȐȑ ȖȘȋȈȕ șȓȈȊȖșȓȖȊȧ ȘȖȎȌȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ȎȍȘȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǨȋȕȞȈ ǵȖ ȔȖȐ ȔȣșȓȐ ȉȣȓȐ ț ȒȈȘȚȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȧȡȐȒȈ ȕȈȗȖȔȐ-

11
ȕȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȋȘȖȉ ǴȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȉȘȍȓ ȧ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȓ ȀȈȜȘȈȕȍȒț ǳȈșȒȖȊȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȈ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȍȋȖ șȍșȚȘȈ — ȌȍȉȍȓȈȧ ȒȘțȋȓȖȔȖȘȌȈȧ ǵȈ ȗȘȖșȤȉț — ȊȣȏȊȈȚȤ ȀȈȜȘȈȕȍȒȈ
ȖȕȈ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ șȚȖȑȒȍ ȏȈȏȊȍȕȍȓȐ ȘȦȔȒȐ
— ǻȉȐȘȈȑȚȍșȤ Ȓ ȌȤȧȊȖȓț ȗȖȒȈ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȈȓȈ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȦ
***
ȇ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ țȚȖȔȓȍȕ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȉȐȎȈȚȤșȧ ǷȖȕȧȊ ȟȚȖ ȀȈȜȘȈȕȍȒț ȌȖ-
șȚȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍ ȖȌȕȈ ȗȖȡȍȟȐȕȈ ȖȚ șȍșȚȘȣ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȊȠȍȑ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȈȓȍ ȉȍȏ ȞȍȓȐ
ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȧ Ȋ ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ
ǵȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ ȕȐȏȒȖȔ ȕȍȉȍ ȊȣșȐȓșȧ ȋȘȖȏȕȣȑ șȐȓțȥȚ ǷȖȘȖȝȖȊȖȑ ȉȈȠȕȐ ǵȈȌ
ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟȕȖȑ șțȚȖȓȖȒȖȑ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ș ȍȋȖ ȖȋȕȧȔȐ ȏȊȖȕȈȔȐ ȚțȔȈȕȖȔ Ȑ șȒȘȍȎȍ-
ȚȖȔ ȗȓȣȓȈ Ȋ ȕȖȟȤ Ȋ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖ-ȗȈȌȈȦȡȐȑ șȕȍȋ șȚȈȚțȧ ǩȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ǴȈȚȍȘȐ
Ȑ ǵȍȗȖȘȖȟȕȖȑ ǬȍȊȣ ȕȍșțȡȍȑ ȕȈ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȈȔȍȘȏȠȐȝ ȘțȒȈȝ ȎȍȘȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ
ǬȐȚȧ ǰ ȧ țșȔȍȝȕțȓșȧ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȑ ȔȍȟȚȍ ȘȖȎȌȈȊȠȍȑșȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ Ȋ Țȣșȧȟț Ȍȍ-
ȊȧȚȤșȖȚ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȠȍșȚȖȑ ȘȈȏ
ǽȐȔȍȘȣ ȕȈ țȋȓȈȝ ȉȈȠȕȐ ȕȐȏȘȐȕțȚȣȍ ȔȣșȓȤȦ șȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȧ șȖ șȓȈȌȖșȚȘȈșȚ-
ȕȖ ȖȡȍȘȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȔȖȘȌȈȔȐ ȏȓȖȉȕȖ ȊȣȗȓȍȊȣȊȈȓȐ Ȑȏ șȊȖȐȝ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȋȓȖ-
ȚȖȒ șȚțȌȍȕțȦ ȒȈȠț ȔȖȒȘȖȋȖ șȕȍȋȈ
ǻȏȒȈȧ țȓȐȞȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȚȈȓȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȐșȤ Ȋȣșȍȟȍȕȕȣȍ Ȑȏ ȒȈȔȕȧ ȋȍȘ-
ȉȣ ș ȚȍȔȕȣȔȐ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȐȔȐ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȈȔȐ Ȑ ȌȊȖȘȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤ
ȗȍȘȍȌ ȘȈȚțȠȍȑ ǻ ȍȍ ȉȈȠȍȕȕȣȝ ȋȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȟȈșȖȊ șȖȏȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȧȒȖȉȣ
ȉȣȓ Ȗșȓȍȗȓȍȕ Ȑȏ ȉȖȧȏȕȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȟțȌȈ ȧ ȗȘȐȓȐȗ Ȓ ȚȖȓȗȍ ȏȍȊȈȒ ȔȍșȐȊȠȐȝ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȍ ȒțȟȐ ȝȓȦȗȈȊȠȍȋȖ șȕȍȋȈ ȌȖ-
ȎȐȌȈȧșȤ ȉȖȧ ȒțȘȈȕȚȖȊ
ǹȐȏȣȍ ȖȚ ȗȘȖȕȐȏȣȊȈȦȡȍȑ șȣȘȖșȚȐ ȡȍȒȐ ȕȈȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȖȚȈșȒțȝ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ
ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȉȍȕȋȈȓȤșȒȐȔ ȖȋȕȍȔ ǴȍȓȤȒȕțȓ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ ș ȔȈȕȎȍȚȈȔȐ șȢȍȝȈȊȠȐ-
ȔȐ ȕȈ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȘțȒ — ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ ȚȖȑ ȗȖȘȖȌȣ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȔȍȠȐ-
ȓȐ ȀȈȜȘȈȕȍȒȈ ȌȖ șȓȍȏ ǺȖȓȗȈ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ǹ ȓȖȠȈȌȐȕȣȔ ȟȍȘȍȗȖȔ Ȋ șȍȘȖȔ
ȒȖȚȍȓȒȍ ȉȍșȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȕȖ ȚȖȓȒȈȧșȤ ȌȦȎȐȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ șȊȍȘȒȈȓ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ țȚȍȘȧȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȟȍȓȦșȚȐ ǩțȌȚȖ ȜȍȝȚțȧ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȕȏȈȓ ȊȖȏȌțȝ șȚȍȒȖȔ ȗȖȊȍȘȝ ȋȖȓȖȊ ȏȍ-
ȊȈȒ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ șȗțȚȕȐȞȍ șȖ șȒțȟȈȦȡȍ-ȉȍșȞȊȍȚȕȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȌȖșȚȖȗȘȐȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖșȚȐ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ Ǯțȧ șȓȖȊȈ Ȗȕ ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȘȣȟȈȓ «Old Prague», «monuments»
ȊȣșȒȈȒȐȊȈȓȖ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȒȓțȉȧȡȍȋȖșȧ ȗȈȘȖȔ ȋȖȘȓȈ Ȉ ȌȖȝȓȍȦȡȈȧ șȗțȚȕȐȞȈ ȔȍȝȈȕȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐ ȌȍȘȋȈȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ șȖȋȓȈȠȈȧșȤ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ «Very beautiful»...
ǵȖ țȌȈȘȐȓ ȖȎȐȌȈȍȔȣȑ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓ ǫȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ șȚȊȖȘȒȐ ȞȊȍȚȕȣȝ ȖȒȖȕ ȘȈȏ-
ȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȌȍȘȋȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȘȈșȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ȈȗȖșȚȖȓȖȊ Ȑ ǽȘȐș-
ȚȈ ȗȘȖȗȓȣȊȈȊȠȐȍ ȕȈȌ ȚȖȓȗȖȑ ǴȍȓȤȒȕțȓȈ ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȓȧȦȡȈȧ ȌȓȈȕȤ ǰȐșțșȈ Ȋ
ȋȖȓțȉȖȔ ȝȐȚȖȕȍ Ȑ șȚȘȖȋȖ ȋȓȧȕțȓ ȓȐȒ ȈȗȖșȚȖȓȈ ǷȍȚȘȈ ș șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȔ ȔȍȟȖȔ ǿȈ-
șȣ ȕȈ ȉȈȠȕȍ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ ȉȖȑ Ȉ șȒȍȓȍȚ ȕȈ ȒȖȕșȖȓȐ ȔȖȚȈȧ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȍ ȋȖȓȣȔ ȟȍȘȍȗȖȔ
ȌȍȘȋȈȓ ȠȕțȘ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȚȖȓȗȍ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȘțȒȍ ȗȍșȖȟȕȣȍ ȟȈșȣ ǷȘȖșȚțȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȋȖ-
ȓȖșȖȔ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȗȍȚțȝ ȗȘȖȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȠțȚȖȊșȒȐ «ȒțȒȈȘȍȒț» ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȧ
ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ — ȘȖȎȌȍșȚȊȍȕșȒȐȑ ȊȏȌȖȘ

12
ǵȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ ȋȖȘȍȓȈ ȍȓȒȈ Ȍȓȧ ȌȍȚȍȑ Ȑ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȕȞȍȊ ȕȖ ȧ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȍȓ ȚȐȠȐȕț
ȚȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȈ
ǹȕȍȋ șȚȈȓ ȗȈȌȈȚȤ ȋțȡȍ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ ȏȈ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȒ ȊȗȖȓȏȈȓȈ ȎȈȓȧȡȈȧ șȗȐȕȕȖȑ
ȝȘȍȉȍȚ șȣȘȖșȚȤ ȗȘȐȕȐȒȈȧ Ȓ șȈȔȖȔț șȍȘȌȞț ȧȌȖȊȐȚȖȑ ȚȖșȒȖȑ ǯȈ ȔȕȖȦ ȋȕȈȓȈșȤ
ȔȖȧ ȚȍȕȤ ȘȈșȚȧȋȐȊȈȧșȤ ȌȊȖȧșȤ ț ȜȖȕȈȘȍȑ ȕȖ ȧ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȚȐșȕțȊ ȏțȉȣ ȖȚ ȋȖ-
ȘȍșȚȐ, ȕȍ ȔȖȋ țȎȍ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȚȍȕȐ ȟȤȍ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȖ ȔȕȖȦ
ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ
ǿȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȗȈșȚȤ Ȋ ȒȖȜȍȑȕȦ ȋȌȍ ȧ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȖȒȘȈȚȐȚȤ
ȗțȚȤ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȕȣȔ ȌȊȖȘȖȔ ǻ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȚȈȓȈ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȗȘȐȚȈȐȊ-
ȠțȦșȧ ȜȐȋțȘȒț ǴȖȌȕȈȧ ȠȓȧȗȈ ȗȓȖȚȕȖ ȖȉȓȍȋȈȊȠȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȗȘȐȒȘȣȊȈȓȈ ȊȍȘȝ-
ȕȦȦ ȟȈșȚȤ ȓȐȞȈ ǩȣȓ ȊȐȌȍȕ ȓȐȠȤ ȌȍȊȐȟȐȑ ȗȖȌȉȖȘȖȌȖȒ ȌȘȖȎȈȊȠȐȑ ȖȚ Ȕȍȓ-
ȒȖȋȖ ȖȏȕȖȉȈ ǵȍ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȑ ȕȍ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ ȊșȚȘȍȟȕțȦ ȧ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ ȔȐȔȖ
ǵȖ ȍȌȊȈ ȧ șȚțȗȐȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȒȈȒ țșȓȣȠȈȓ
— ǬȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșț
ǷȘȖȚȧȕțȊ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȗȖȘȚșȐȋȈȘ ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȧ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȚȤșȧ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ș ȗȘȖșȐȊȠȍȑ ȧ
Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȗȘȐȕțȎȌȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȖȉȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ
ǴȍȓȤȒȕțȓȈ ȝțȌȈȧ ȘțȒȈ ȗȖȌȘȖșȚȒȈ Ȋ ȗȍȘȟȈȚȒȍ Ȑ ȧȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȏȊțȟȈȓȖ
— ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ ȊȈș ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘ"
ȇ ȊșȒȐȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț ǵȖ ȗȘȖșȐȊȠȈȧ țȎȍ ȕȐȏȒȖ șȒȓȖȕȐȓȈ ȓȐȞȖ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȕȈ
ȉȣȓȈ ȝțȌȖȉȈ ȖȉȕȈȎȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȒȓȦȟȐȞ ȌȍȚșȒȐ-ȎȈȓȒȐȝ ǮȐȏȕȤ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȕȍ ȝțȎȍ ȟȍȔ ȉȖȘȏȈȧ ȓȐșȐȞț Ȑ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȉȣȊȈȦ șȍȕȚȐȔȍȕȚȈȓȍȕ ǴȍȘȚȊȣȑ șȚȘȈȠ-
ȕȣȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȒȖȓȣȝȕțȓ ȔȖȦ ȎȈȓȖșȚȤ
— ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȕȣ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȐșȤ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȧ
— ǵț ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ — ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȑȌȧ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȑ ȧȏȣȒ
— Wie heisst du? — ȚȘȖȕțȓ ȧ ȍȍ ȏȈ ȓȖȒȖȚȤ
— No, wie wir i denn heissen? — ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕȕȖ țȘȖȕȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȘțȒȐ —
Mizzi natürlich.
ǰ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ǫȓȈȏȈ ȍȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ țȗȈȊȠȐȔȐ ȊȍȒȈȔȐ
ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȌȍȚșȒȐ ȗȖȌșȚȘȐȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȘȧȌȤ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȊȈȓȈ ȓȖȉ
ǴȘȈȟȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȒȖȗȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȌȣȔȈȔȐ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȗȖȘȚȈȓ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȓ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ ȒȈȘȚȖȕȕȣȔ
ȧȡȐȒȖȔ ȋȌȍ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ șȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ ȒțȒȓȈ — ȜȈȘȜȖȘȖȊȣȑ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ ȔȖȍȑ țȔȍȘȠȍȑ
șȍșȚȘȣ ȇ șȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȊȣșȚțȗ șȚȍȕȣ ȟȚȖȉ ȕȍ țȗȈșȚȤ ǷȖȌțȔȈȓ ȋȖȘȧȟȒȈ ǵȍȚ
ȔȍȘȕȖ ȗȖȔȈȝȐȊȈȧ ȘȍȏȐȕȖȊȣȔ ȖȉțȠȒȖȔ ȔȐȔȖ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒȐȑ ȗȣȚȓȐȊȖ
ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ ȕȈȠȐ ȜȐȋțȘȣ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȍȍ ȗȖȌȉȖȘȖȌȖȒ ǬȘȖȎȈ Ȑ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȧșȤ ȋȓȧ-
Ȍȍȓ ȧ Ȋ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋșȍ ȕȍțȌȈȟȐ țȚȘȈȚȣ țșȗȍȝȐ —
șȋȐȕțȓȐ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȓȐșȤ ȓȍȋȟȈȑȠȐȔ ȕȍȕțȎȕȣȔ ȗȘȈȝȖȔ Ǫ ȔȖȍȑ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ ȕȐȡȍȕ-
șȒȐ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȚȖȑ șțȌȤȉȍ ȏȈ ȗȖȒȖȍȔ ȌȖȓȋȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȧ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȓȐȞȖ ǴȐȓȐȞȣ Ǩȝ ȔȖȋ
ȓȐ ȧ ȏȈȉȣȚȤ ȥȚț țȓȣȉȒț Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȉȍȏȏȈȉȖȚȕȖ șȔȍȧȊȠȐȑșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȘȖȚ«
ǵȍ ȌȖȊȍȘȧȧ ȧ ȗȖȏȊȈȓ
— Mizzi!
ǹȓȖȊȕȖ ȖȟȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȖȚ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȕȈ ȐșȚȍȘȏȈȕȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȍ ȌȘȖȋȕțȓȖ
țȗȈȓȈ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȈȧ ȗȍȓȍȕȈ Ȑ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȓȧȕțȓȐ ȒȈȘȐȍ ȐȏȔțȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǹțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ șȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȓȍȊȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȔȖȍ ȗȓȍȟȖ țȘȖȕȐȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȈ ȔȖȦ
ȕȍȉȘȐȚțȦ ȡȍȒț ȠȍȗȕțȓȈ

13
— Ǩȝ ȒȈȒ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ șȗȈȚȤ ȧ țșȚȈȓȈ ȔȐȓȣȑ
***
ǷȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȧ ǴȐȞȞȐ ȧ ȏȈȉȖȚȓȐȊȖ Ȋȏȧȓ ȍȍ Ȗȉ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȜȖȕȈȘȦ
ȕȈ țȋȓț ǺȖȓșȚȈȧ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȒȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȈ ȕȈȔ ȉțȒȍȚȐȒ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȑ ȖȔȍȓȣ ȒțȚȈȧșȤ Ȋ
Țȍȗȓȣȑ ȗȓȈȚȖȒ
ǸȈȏȊȍ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȍ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȈȦȚ" ǵȍȚ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȍ ȚȓȍȦȚ ȊșȒȈȘȔȓȐȊȈȧ ȞȊȍȚȣ Ȑ
ȚȘȈȊȣ Ǩ ȍșȓȐ șȈȔȣȑ ȐșȒțȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȖȊȍȌ ȕȍ ȖȚȓȐȟȐȚ ȊȍșȕȖȦ ȗȖȓȍȊȖȑ
ȐȘȐș ȖȚ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ țȊȧȓ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȕȈ ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȒȚȖ ȗȖȘțȟȐȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȈ
ȕȍ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȍȚ șȍȉȧ ȊȖșȝȐȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ șȊȖȐȝ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȑ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ
ȋȓțȗȞȣ Ȑ ȓȍȕȚȧȐ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ Ȋșȍ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ ȖșȚȈȊȐȊ ȏȈȋȈȌȒȐ Ȑ ȟțȌȍșȈ ȎȈȓȒȐȔ ȌȐȒȈ-
ȘȧȔǬȖȑȌȧ ȌȖ țȋȓȈ ȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȌȍȘȕțȓ ȘțȒȈȊ ȍȍ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ
Ȓ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ ȝțȌțȦ ȘțȒț ǻ ȓȖȒȚȧ ȕȈ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȑ ȒȖȎȍ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȗȘȖșȚțȗȈȓȐ
șȓȖȊȕȖ ȚȘȖȕțȚȣȍ ȋȖȓțȉȖȑ ȈȒȊȈȘȍȓȤȦ ȎȐȓȒȐ ȧ țȏȕȈȓ șȔțȋȓȣȍ ȘȖȌȐȕȒȐ ǺȖȋȌȈ
ȘȈȏȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ țȎȈșȖȔ Ȑ șȟȈșȚȤȍȔ ȋȖȘȠȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȧ ȗȘȐȗȈȓ Ȓ ȕȐȔ
ȋțȉȈȔȐ
ǴȐȞȞȐ ȕȍȎȕȖ ȋȓȈȌȐȓȈ ȓȈȌȖȕȤȦ ȔȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊț ȠȍȗȕțȓȈ
— ȇ țșȚȈȓȈ ȗȖȍȌȍȔ
ǺȈȒ ȎȈȓțȍȚșȧ ȗȚȐȞȈ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȈȧ ȖȏȍȔȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȓȖȔȈȓȈ ȉțȘȧ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ
— ǷȖȍȌȍȔ«
©ǲȖȋȌȈ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ" ǬȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȣ ǲȈȘȍȚȈ ȏȈ ȒȈȚȈȜȈȓȒȖȔª — ȔȍȓȤȒ-
ȕțȓȖ Ȋ ȔȖȏȋț ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ Ȓ șȚȖȧȕȒȍ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒȖȊ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȊȖȓȖȟȐȊȠȐȑ ȕȖȋț ȊȏȓȍȏȈȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȏȓȣ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȓ ǴȐȞȞȐ ȌȖȉ-
ȘȖȋȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ǲȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȗȕ ȍȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȇ țȎȍ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȕȍȦ Ȋ ȥȒȐ-
ȗȈȎ ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍșȚȍȘȗȐȔȖ ǷȘȐȒȘȣȊ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȌȊȍȘ-
Ȟț șȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȧ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ț ȒțȟȍȘȈ
— ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȟȐșȓȖ"
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȧ ȊȖȎȎȐ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ
— ǵȍțȎȚȖ ȏȈȉȣȓȐ" ǲȈȕțȕ ǸȖȎȌȍșȚȊȈ șțȌȈȘȤ ǬȈ-ș -Ȗȍ ȌȍȒȈȉȘȧ  ȋȖ-
ȌȈ ȝȍ
ǰ Ȗȕ ȚȘȖȕțȓ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȝȓȖȗȕțȊ ȉȐȟȖȔ ǭȌȊȈ țșȗȍȊ ȊșȒȖȟȐȚȤ ȧ ȕȈȚȖȓȒ-
ȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȚȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ǴȐȞȞȐ ǶȕȈ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȐȔȐ ȔȖȐ ȗȓȍȟȐ ȖȚȒȐȕțȊȠȐșȤ
ȕȈ ȗȖȌțȠȒȐ ǴȍȓȤȒȈȊȠȐȍ ȖȋȕȐ șȔȍȕȧȧșȤ ȚȤȔȖȦ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȓȐ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȍȍ ȉȘȖȊȐ
șȓȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȑ Ȕȕȍ ȌȖȚȖȓȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȖȑ Ȑ șȚȘȈȝȖȔ ǹȒȓȖȕȐȊȠȐșȤ ȔȖȓ-
ȟȈ ȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȧ Ȋ ȍȍ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȊȗȈȊȠȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǲȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȘȍȚȈ ȘȈȊȕȧȓȈșȤ ș ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ ȜȖȕȈȘȍȔ ȐȓȐ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȖȔ Ȕȕȍ ȟțȌȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȗȧȚȤ
ȓȍȚ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȑ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ — ȊȣȌțȔȒȈ Ȑ ȓȖȎȤ ȟȚȖ Ȑȝ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ
ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȕȐ Ȋ ȍȍ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȟȚȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȑ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȑ
șȍȑȟȈș ȓȐȠȤ ȖȌȐȕ ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȐșȚȐȕȕȣȑ ȔȐȋ ȍȍ țșȕțȊȠȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ Ȋ ȓȍȚ-
ȕȦȦ ȖȉȓȐȚțȦ ȓțȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȈ ȓțȎȈȑȒȍ ȕȈ ȒȖȗȕȍ șȒȖȠȍȕȕȖȑ ȌțȠȐșȚȖȑ ȚȘȈȊȣ

14
Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȔ șȚȈȘȖȔ ȗȈȘȒȍ ȋȌȍ ȐșȗȖȓȐȕșȒȐȍ ȒȈȠȚȈȕȣ ȊȏȌȣȔȈȓȐ Ȋ ȏȈȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ
ȚȐȠȐȕȖȑ ȕȍȉȖ șȊȖȐ ȞȊȍȚțȡȐȍ șțȓȚȈȕȣ ǫȌȍ Ȕȣ ȘȖșȓȐ ȋȌȍ Ȕȣ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȉȗ-
ȘȍȓȤșȒȖȑ ȉțȑȕȖȑ ȒȈȗȍȓȐ ȋȌȍ ȧ ȋȖȕȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȈȔȐ Ȉ ǴȐȞȞȐ ȐȋȘȈȓȈ Ȋ șȍȘșȖ
ȋȌȍ ȏȊȍȕȍȓ șȔȍȝ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ ȐȊȖȓȋȐ țȉȐȚȖȑ ȊȐȝȘȍȔ ȏȍȔȓȐ
ǵȖ ȏȊțȒȐ ȗȖȌȒȖȊ ȚȊȍȘȌȐȓȐ Ȕȕȍ șȚțȟȈȓȐ Ȋ ȟȍȘȍȗ ©ǪȣȘȊȐ ȚȈȑȕț ȊȣȘȊȐ ȚȈȑ-
ȕț ȥȚȖȋȖ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȧª
ǰ ȧ șȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȓȐȠȤ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ țșȓȣȠȈȚȤ ȘȖȊȕȖȍ ȌȣȝȈȕȤȍ ȗȖ-
ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȌțȝȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ șȍșȚȘȈ
ǹȒȖȓȤȏȕțȊȠȐȑ ȓțȟ șȊȍȘȒȕțȓ Ȋ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȍ șȍȘȤȋȐ ȏȈȗțȚȈȊȠȍȑșȧ ȊȖ ȊȤȦȡȍȑ-
șȧ ȗȘȧȌȐ ȀȐȘȖȒȐȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȋȖȘȟȈȊȠȐȑ ǴȐȞȞȐ ȖȊȈȓ Ȑ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȍ ȡȍȒȐ ȔȖȋȓȐ
ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȑ ȕȍȏȈȌȈȟȓȐȊȖ ȊȣȕțȊȠȍȑ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȎȘȍȉȐȑ ȉȍȌȣ
Ȑ ȗȖȏȖȘȈ ǲȈȒ ȉȣ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȧ ȔȖȍȑ ȔȣșȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȏȈȉȓțȎȌȈȦșȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȚț ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ
Ȍȍȓ ȗȘȈȊȣȝ ȐȓȐ ȏȓȣȝ șțȌȍȉ ȏȈȊȐȌȕȣȝ ȐȓȐ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕȣȝ ǴȐȞȞȐ ȖȚȘȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȓțȒȈȊȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓȈșȤ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȋȓȈȏ ǭȍ ȕȈȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȑ
ȘȖȚ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȗȘȐȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȏțȉȣ — ȘȖȊȕȣȍ ȉȍȓȣȍ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȖȕȈ șȓȣȠȈȓȈ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȒȖȔȗȓȐȔȍȕȚȖȊ Ǫ ȎȍȓȈȕȕȖȔ ȘȖȏȌȣȝȍ ǴȐȞȞȐ ȊȣȚȧȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȓȈ ȔȖȐ ȋțȉȣ
Ȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȇ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȒȘȐȒȕțȚȤ ȖȚ ȉȖȓȐ ȊȍȟȕȖșȚȐ ǩȖȋț șȊȖȍȑ țȟȈșȚȐ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ
«Amenª ǵȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ, ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȊ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ Ȍț-
ȠȐșȚȣȑ ȗȖȞȍȓțȑ ȔȖȍȑ țȚȘȈȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȈȊȍȒȐ șȍșȚȘȣ ȧ ȖȡțȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ șȕȖȊȈ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȔ Ȑ
ȚȍșȕȣȔ ȒȈșȈȕȐȍȔ ȋȖȚȖȊȖȑ ȗȘȐȕȍșȚȐ șȍȉȧ ȊșȦ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ ȉȣȓ țȎȍ
ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȉȘȈȚ
***
ǲȈȘȍȚȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ ȇ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ȋțȉ ǴȐȞȞȐ — ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ Ȑ țșȚ-
ȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȑ
Ǫ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȍȡȍ ȏȊȍȕȍȓ ȕȈȠ ȗȖȞȍȓțȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ Ȋȣȕțȓ ȒȖȠȍȓȍȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȘȈșșȟȐ-
ȚȈȚȤșȧ ș ȊȖȏȕȐȞȍȑ ǵȍ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤȋȈȝ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȧ șȚȈȘȐȒț
ȘȈșȗȐșȒț ȀȈȜȘȈȕȍȒȈ ȖȚȊȍȘȋȕțȚțȦ ȐȔ șȖ șȔȍȝȖȔ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȓȐȠȤ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȡȐȒȖ-
ȓȖȚȒț ǴȐȞȞȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ șȝȖȌȐȓȈ șȖ șȚțȗȍȕȍȒ ȥȒȐȗȈȎȈ
ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȋȖȘȟȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȓȈ ȍȑ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȠȐȘȖȒȈȧ ȕȍȐȏȧȡȕȈȧ ȒȖșȚȖȟ-
ȒȈ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȧ ȘȈșȗȓȈȚȐȓșȧ ș ȒțȟȍȘȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȓțȒȈȊȖ ȗȖȌȔȐȋȕțȊ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȎȍȓȈȓ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȗȖȏȈȉȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ǶȉȐȌȈ șȚȍȋȕțȓȈ ȗȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȖȚȒțȌȈ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ
ȔȖȋ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȟțȌȍșȈ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȣȌțȔȒȈ ȗȖȥȚȖȊ Ȑ ȉȍȏțȔȞȍȊ
ǪȍȘȚȧȡȈȧșȧ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȈȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȊȚȖȓȒȕțȓȈ ȕȈș Ȋ ȊȍșȚȐȉȦȓȤ ȗȈȘȈȌȕȖȑ ȋȖșȚȐȕȐ-
Ȟȣ Ǻȍȗȓȣȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȖȉȌȈȓ ȓȍȋȒȖȑ ȊȖȓȕȖȑ Ȋ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȍ ȉȓȍșȕțȓ ȟȍȑ-ȚȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȈȎȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȉȖȘ șȔȖȒȐȕȋ Ȑ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȓȍȟȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ ȗȍȓȐ
ȕȍȎȕȖ Ȑ ȋȓțȝȖ șȒȘȐȗȒȐ ȖȘȒȍșȚȘȈ Ȑ ȕȍșșȧ ȉȍșȗȍȟȕȣȑ ȠȖȘȖȝ ȋȖȊȖȘȈ Ȑȏ șȐȧȊȠȍ-
ȋȖ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȈ ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȕȈȧ ȏȈȋȈȌȒȈ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ ȌțȠț Ȋ ȏȓȣȝ ȚȐș-
ȒȈȝ Ȉ ȌțȠȈ ȗȣȚȈȓȈșȤ ȒȘȐȒȕțȚȤ ȒȘȐȒȕțȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȒȘȐȟȈȚ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ șȚȖȧ
ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȐșȍȓȐȞȍȑ ©ǳȦȌȐ ȕȍ ȉȖȑȚȍșȤ ȓȦȌȐ ȗȘȖșȕȐȚȍșȤ ǹȔȍȘȚȐ ȕȍȚ ȍșȚȤ șȖȕ
șȚȘȈȠȕȍȍ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȐª
ǵȖ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȉȦȘȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȕȍȋȘ șȊȍȘȒȕțȊ ǴȐȞȞȐ ȖșȓȍȗȐȚȍȓȤȕȣ-

15
ȔȐ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ȝȐȡȕȐȟȍșȒȐ ȖȞȍȕȐȊȈȧ ȍȍ șȒȖșȐȊ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȋ ȔȖȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț ǷȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȊ-
ȠȐșȤ ȧ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— ǫȖȉȐ ȏȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȑ
Ƕȉȍ ȘțȒȐ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȧ șȚȈȘȖȔț ȌȘțȋț — ȒȖȟȍȋȈȘț ș ȗȖȋȐȉȠȍȑ ©ǪȐȖȓȍȚȚȣª
ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȕȣ ȖȉȈ ȗȓȈȊȈȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȚȖȔț șȈȔȖȔț ǫȖȉȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ
ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȖȟȕȖȑ ȊȈȝȚȣ ȖȚȚȐȘȈȓ Ȕȕȍ șȗȐȘȚȖȔ ȒȐșȚȐ ȘțȒ Ȑ ȕȖȋ ȏȈȔȍȘȏȠȐȍ ȊȖ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ȏȐȔȕȍȑ ȊȤȦȋȐ
ǵȖ ȕȍȋȘ Ȋ ȗȈȘȈȌȕȖȑ ȓȐȊȘȍȍ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȦȡȍ Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ
— ǫȖȉȐ ȕȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ Ȏȍ Țȣ"
ǹ ȗȘȐȕțȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȊ șȊȖȑ ȎȈȌȕȣȑ ȊȏȖȘ ȖȚ ǴȐȞȞȐ ȕȍȋȘ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊț ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ǵȖ ȖȠȐȉȒȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȧ țȏȕȈȓ ȘȈșșȍȟȍȕȕțȦ ȉȘȖȊȤ ǫȖȉȐ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȑ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȉȣȓ ȘȈȕȍȕ țȗȈȊȠȍȑ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉțȘȐ șȚȍȕȤȋȖȑ ȇ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȓșȧ — ȕȍ-
țȎȍȓȐ ȧ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȓșȧ? ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȘȖȊȖȘȕȖ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ ȟȈșȣ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȍȋȘț ȒȖȋȖȚȤ
ȚȐȋȘȈ — ȈȔțȓȍȚ ȗȖȌȈȘȍȕȕȣȑ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȡȈȕȤȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ ȕȖșȐȓ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȉȘȍȓ-
ȒȈ ǹȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȔȍȘț ȗȖȎȈȊ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȔȐ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ ș ȔȧȋȒȐȔ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȖȔ ȕȍȋȘ
ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— Mein Herr, es ist wahrscheinlich ein Irrtum…
— Ǩȝ ǫȖȉȐ ǫȖȉȐ ȕȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȚȤ șȚȈȘȣȝ ȌȘțȏȍȑ — ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓ ȧ ȋȘț-
șȚȕȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ — Ǻȍȉȧ ȓȖȊȒȖ ȊȣȓȖȡȐȓȐ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȈȘȈȌȕȣȝ ȖȚȍȓȧȝ ȊȖȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȉȖȘ șȒȊȍȘȕȖ ȌȍȘȎȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȒțȘȟȈȊȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȌȈ ȘțȉȍȞ ȖȚ șȚȍȕȤȋȐ ȊȣȌȈȍȚ
Ȉ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ — ȔȈȝȕțȓ ȧ ȘțȒȖȑ
ǵȖ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȍȋȘȈ ȉȣȓȐ țȗȘȧȔȖ țșȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȣ ȕȈ ǴȐȞȞȐ Ȑ Ȋșȗȣȝȕț-
ȓȐ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤȦ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȧ ȍȍ ȏȈ ȓȖȒȖȚȤ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ș ȕȍȦ ȏȈ ȔȈȓȤ-
ȟȐȠȒȖȑ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȊȠȐȔ ȕȈȔ ȗțȚȤ
***
ǯȈȎȍȋȠȐ șȊȍȚ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȚȣȑ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȐȓșȧ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȉțȌȍȚ ȓȐ ©ȉȈȘȣȠȕȧª Ȓț-
ȠȈȚȤ ǪȍșȍȓȖ țȓȣȉȕțȊȠȐșȤ ǴȐȞȞȐ ȏȈȒȐȊȈȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȊ ȊȐȕȈ Ȑ țȡȐȗ-
ȕțȊ ȏȈ țȝȖ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȠȒț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȓ șȕȧȚȤ ȍȑ ȔȍȝȖȊȖȍ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ
ȇ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȍȕ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȍȒ ǴȐȞȞȐ țșȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ
ȍȍ ȘȍȔȍșȓȖȔ ǶșȒȈȓȐȊ ȏțȉȣ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȊȣȕțȓȈ ȋțȉȕȖȑ ȒȈȘȈȕȌȈȠ Ȑ
ȋȓȧȌȧșȤ Ȋ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ șȚȈȓȈ ȘțȔȧȕȐȚȤ ȘȖȚ ǯȈ ȕȐȔ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȈ ȗțȌȘȈ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ
Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȗȖȌȎȐȌȈȧ ȟȚȖ ǴȐȞȞȐ ȕȈȟȕȍȚ șȊȖȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȍȑ ȘțȒț ȕȈ ȗȓȍ-
ȟȖ ȖȕȈ ȊȏȉȐȊȈȧ ȋȘȍȉȍȕȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȟȍșȒț ȗȖȌȈȘȐȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȖȌȕț Ȑȏ Țȍȝ țȓȣȉȖȒ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ șȚȈȘȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ țșȊȈȐȊȈȦȚ ȈȒȚȘȐșȣ ȚȍȈȚȘȈ Ȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖȔ
— ǵȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȚȈȒ ǴȐȞȞȐ — ȕȍ țȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ ȧ ȖȚ țȗȘȍȒȈ ȖȗțșȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ Șțȟ-
Ȓț ȔȧȋȒȖȋȖ ȒȘȍșȓȈ ǯȈȒȘȣȊ ȓȐȞȖ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȧ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȕȈȟȈȚȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ
ǹ ȓȖȊȒȖșȚȤȦ ȎȖȕȋȓȍȘȈ ȕȍ ȐȌȧ Ȉ ȚȈȕȞțȧ ȊȗȖȘȝȕțȓ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȓȈȒȍȑ Ȋȕȍșȧ
ȊȐȕȖ Ȑ ȜȘțȒȚȣ
©ǹȈȔȣȑ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȉȖȒȈȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȧ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȓȐȉȖ«ª — ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȖ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȏȊȍȕȍȓȐ ȟȖȒȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȜțȎȍȘȣ
— ǹȖȓȕȞȍ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȋȈșȓȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ«

16
— Ƿȍȑ ȗȍȑ ȔȐȓȣȑ — ȠȍȗȕțȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȣȗȐȊ ȊȐȕȖ ǰ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ-
ȠȐșȤ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ Ȓ ȖȒȕț ǹȗȍȘȊȈ ȧ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȈȓ ȍȍ ȟȍȘȕȖȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȊȣȌȍȓȧȊȠȍȍșȧ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȣȔ ȗȧȚȕȖȔ ȕȈ șȚȍȒȓȍ ǷȖșȓȍ ȍȍ ȚȍȓȖ țȚȘȈȟȐȊȈȧ ȚȍȓȍșȕȖșȚȤ ȊȍșȖȔȖșȚȤ șȚȈȓȖ
țȌȈȓȧȚȤșȧ țȗȓȣȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȒȘțȎȈȡȐȍ ȏȈ ȖȒȕȖȔ ȝȓȖȗȤȧ șȕȍȋȈ ǯȕȈȒȖȔȈȧ ȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ Ȉȓ-
ȓȍȧ ȞȊȍȚțȡȐȝ ȒȈȠȚȈȕȖȊ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȗȈȘȒȈ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȓȈ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȈȔȐ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȠțȘȠȈȓ
ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖ Ȑȝ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȔȐ ȓȐșȚȈȔȐ ǲ ȍȍ ȕȖȋȈȔ Ȋ șȊȍȚȓȖ-ȘȖȏȖȊȣȝ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȣȝ ȟțȓ-
ȒȈȝ țȗȈȓȖ ȗȖȓȖȋȖȔ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȟȍȘȕȖȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȖȉȍșșȐȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȕȖȟȤ șȖȘȊȈȊ ș ȕȍȍ ȗȓȈ-
ȚȤȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ț ȍȍ ȕȖȋ ȓȍȋȓȐ ȚțȔȈȕȣ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȖȓȖȚȐșȚțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț șȓȍȗȐȓȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ
ǴȐȞȞȐ ȋȓȧȌȍȓȈ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ ȍȍ țȓȣȉȒȈ țȋȈșȠȈȧ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȊȖș-
ȒȘȍșȕțȊ șȐȧȓȈ ȌȍȚșȒȐ șȕȖȊȈ ǵȖ ȧ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ țȊȐȌȍȊ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȌȊȍ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȝ
ȧȋȖȌȣ ȏȘȍȦȡȍȋȖ ȠȐȗȖȊȕȐȒȈ ǶȕȐ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ ȉțȌȚȖ ȖȚ ȊȍȚȘȈ ȖȚ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȊȠȐȝșȧ
ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȗȖȘȣȊȍ ȘțȒ ǰȝ ȕȍș ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȊȐȝȘȤ țȌȈȘȐȊȠȐȑ ȏȕȖȍȔ Ȋ ȕȍ-
ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȔȖșȚȤȦ șȚțȟȈȊȠțȦ ȒȘȖȊȤ
ǺȘȍȗȍȡțȡȈȧ ȖȚ șȓȍȏ ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȣȝ șȓȈȌȖșȚȕȣȝ ȖȕȈ ȠȓȈ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȖȚȒȐȕțȊ
ȕȈȏȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȧ ȔȖȍ ȐȔȧ ȕȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣ
— ǴȐȓȣȑ ȏȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȑ — ȊȣȘȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȑȏ ȍȍ ȌȘȖȎȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȋȖȘȓȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȈȌȈȧ
ȕȈȏȍȔȤ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȦȦ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗțȚȐ ȍȍ ȘțȒȐ ȖȉȊȐȓȐ ȔȖȦ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊț Ȉ Țȍȗȓȣȍ ȘȖȏȖȊȍȦȡȐȍ ȧȋȖȌȣ ȠȐȗȖȊȕȐȒȈ ȒȖșȕțȓȐșȤ ȔȖȐȝ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȝ Ȋȣ-
șȖȝȠȐȝ ȋțȉ
***
ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ țșȐȓȐȧ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȠȍȊȍȓȤȕțȚȤ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ ȇ
ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȖ ȓȍȌȧȕȈȧ ȋȓȣȉȈ ȕȈȊȈȓȐȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ șȍȘȌȞȍ
ȚȍȓȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȒȘȐȒȈ ȧ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȓȐȠȤ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ
ȝȘȐȗ
Ǫ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȗȓȣȓ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȌȣȔ ȖȚ șȐȋȈȘȣ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȧ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ
Ǫ ȔȧȋȒȖȔ ȒȖȎȈȕȖȔ ȒȘȍșȓȍ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȒȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȈȧ ȓȐȊȘȍȧ
șȐȌȍȓ ǫȖȉȐ ȋȓȧȌȧ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȖȕȏȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȇ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȓ Ȑ ȏȓȐȓșȧ ǾȊȍȚ ȓȐȞȈ ȍȋȖ șȚȈȓ șȐȏȣȔ ǵȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȊȈȧ
Ȗȕ șȉȘȈșȣȊȈȓ ȗȍȗȍȓ șȐȋȈȘȣ șȚȐșȒȐȊȈȧ ȟȍȓȦșȚȐ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌ ȒȖȎȍȑ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ șȒț-
ȓȣ ǵȈ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ șȐȌȍȓȈ ǴȐȞȞȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ țȉȍȎȌȈȓȈ
ǲȘțȎȍȊȕȈȧ ȚȍșȤȔȈ ȍȍ ȘțȉȈȠȒȐ țȗȈȓȈ ș ȗȓȍȟȈ ȖȉȕȈȎȐȊ ȘȖȏȖȊȍȦȡțȦ ȧȋȖȌț
șȖșȒȈ ǷȖȖȌȈȓȤ ț ȖȒȕȈ ȊȈȓȧȓȖșȤ ȍȍ ȟȍȘȕȖȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ Ȉ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȍ șȚȖȧȓȖ ȕȍȌȖȗȐ-
ȚȖȍ ȕȈȔȐ ȊȐȕȖ Ȑ ȜȘțȒȚȣ ǸȧȌȖȔ — ȓȍȎȈȓ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ
ǵȍȋȘ ȔȖȚȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȧ șȓțȠȈȚȤ ȗȖȘȣȊȈȧșȤ ȊșȚȈȚȤ ǷȘȐȎȈȊȠȐșȤ ȋȖ-
ȓȣȔ ȗȓȍȟȖȔ ȓȈȌȖȕȤȦ ȖȕȈ ȋȓȈȌȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȡȍȒȐ ȗȣȚȈȧșȤ țȕȧȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȉȍȠȍȕșȚȊȖ șȖ-
ȉȈȟȤȐ-ȚȘțșȓȐȊȖ ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȎțȚȒȖ ȊȘȈȡȈȊȠȐȍ ȉȍȓȒȈȔȐ
ȇ țȎȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȖȘȊȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȋȕȐȓțȦ ȕȐȚȤ ȔȖȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȗȘȖ-
ȐȏȖȑȌȍȚ șȍȑȟȈș ȟȚȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȈ ȕȐ Ȓ ȗȖȗțȋȈȑȕȣȔ ȗȘȖ-
ȗȐșȧȔ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȧ ȗȘȖȎȐȓ ȌȖ șȍȌȍȦȡȐȝ ȊȐșȒȖȊ ȕȐ Ȓ șȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȦ ȒȈȓȍȕȌȈ-
Șȍȑ țșȣȗȐȊȠȐȝ Ȍțȝ Ȑ ȏȈȒȈȏȈȊȠȐȝ ȍȔț ȗȣȚȈȚȤ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȖ țșȚȈȓȖȔț ȕȍ-

17
ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȦ ǪȍȚȝȖȋȖ ǲȖȘȔȟȍȋȖ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȕȍȕȈȘȖȒȖȔ ȗȘȐȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ șȒȊȈȎȐȕț ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ ȕȈȔȐ ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȏȐȧȍȚ ȉȍȏȌȕȈ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȋȖ țȎȈșȈ Ȑ șȓțȟȈȧ ǰ ȧ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȊ-
ȠȐȑ Ȋ ȝȐȚȘȍȑȠȐȍ ȟȈșȣ țȏȕȈȊȠȐȑ Ȑȝ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȤșȒȐȑ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȏȔ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȒȈȒ
ȔȈșȚȍȘ șȚȈȘȖ-ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȐȝ ȒțȘȈȕȚȖȊ ȗȖȋȐȉȕțȚȤ ǪȍȌȤ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȓȦȉȖȔț ȠȒȖȓȤȕȐȒț
ȧ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȗȘȖȉȖȓȚȈȚȤ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȊȍȡȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȘȝȈȧ Ȑȏ țșȚ Ȋ țșȚȈ ȔȕȖȎȈșȤ ȒȈȒ
ȒȖȔȈȘȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȋȘȈȕȐȚ Ȋ ȗȣȓȤ șȓȈȋȈȍȔȣȝ ǰȏȊȍȟȕȈȧ ȓȖȎȤ ȗțȚȣ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȏȕȈȕȐȑ — ȉȣȓȐ ȉȣ ȗȖȉȍȌȕȖ șȉȘȖȠȍȕȣ ȒȈȒ șȉȘȈșȣȊȈȍȚ ȖȉțȏȌȈȕ-
ȕȣȑ șȓȖȕ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȊȖȎȈȒȈ ȘȈșȒȘȈȐȊȈȧ ȍȔț ȟȍȘȍȗ Ȗ ȒȈȔȕȐ
ǩȖȧșȤ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤ ȔȖȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȝ ȔȖȍȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ǴȐȞȞȐ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȗȘȐȎȈȓȈșȤ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȘțȌȧȔȐ Ȓ ȓȐȞț ǫȖȉȐ ©ǶȕȈ ȝȖȟȍȚ șȗȈșȚȐ
Ȕȍȕȧª — ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȈ ȔȣșȓȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ ȕȍȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȍȔȖȋȖ ȖȚȊȘȈȡȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȐșȒȈȎȍȕȕȖȍ șȒȖȘȉȤȦ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȍȔ ȖȚȘȈȏȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȍ Ȋ șȚȍȕȍ ǺȍșȕȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȎȈȊ șȊȖȦ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȕȍȎȕțȦ ȋȘțȌȤ Ȓ ȏȊȍȘȐȕȖȔț ȟȍȘȍȗț ȕȍȋȘȈ ȖȕȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ
ȎȍȘȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȋȖȘȓȐȞȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȍȘȍȋȘȣȏțȚ ȝȘțȗȒȖȍ ȋȖȘȓȖ ȇ ȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓ ȍȡȍ ȓȈȒȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȚțȜȓȐ ȟȍȘȕȖȒȖȎȍȋȖ șȎȐȔȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȔȐ ǴȐȞȞȐ ȍȋȖ
ȓȈȗț ș șȐȘȍȕȍȊȣȔȐ ȕȖȋȚȧȔȐ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȝțȌȖȑ ȊȖșȒȖȊȖȑ șȗȐȕȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȏȈȓȐȓ ȉȈȋȘȖ-
Ȋȣȑ șȊȍȚ ǪȖȏȌțȝ ȘȈșșȚțȗȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȏȈȒȈȟȈȓȐșȤ șȚȍȕȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǫȖȉȐ ȊșȒȖȟȐȊ ș ȒȘȍș-
ȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȕȏȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȖȝȖȚȤȦ ȋȖȘȐȓȓȈ ș ȖȡȍȘȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȚȍșȕȖ șȖȔȒȕțȚȣȔȐ ȏțȉȈȔȐ
ș țȏȓȖȊȈȚȣȔȐ ȎȐȓȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȓȉț Ȑ ȘțȒȈȝ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȧ șȊȖȦ ȌȖȉȣȟț ǴȍȓȤȒ-
ȕțȓȈ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ǴȐȞȞȐ — ȖȚȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȈȧ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȉțȌȚȖ ȕȈ ȠȈȘȕȐȘȍ —
ȉȓȍȌȕȈȧ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȈȧ Ȑ ȕȖȋȐ Ȋ ȉȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȈȚȓȈșȕȣȝ ȚțȜȍȓȤȒȈȝ șȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȖȕȊțȓȤ-
șȐȍȑ
ǹ ȝȘȐȗȓȣȔ șȚȖȕȖȔ ȏȈȘȣȓșȧ ȕȍȋȘ șȊȖȐȔ ȘȚȖȔ Ȋ ȍȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȗȘȖșȚțȗȈȊȠȍȍ șȒȊȖȏȤ
ȚȖȕȒȖȍ ȉȍȓȤȍ ȘțȝȕțȊ ș ȕȍȦ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ
ǷȖ ȏȍȘȒȈȓț ȊȌȍȓȈȕȕȖȔț Ȋ șȚȍȕț ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȌȘȖȎȤ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȋ ȚȐȝțȦ ȗȖȋȖȌț
țȗȈȓ ȒȘțȚȖȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ǰ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ Ȑȏ ȕȍȋȖ ȊȣȠȍȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ Ȋ ȏȈșȈȓȍȕȕȖȔ ȎȐȓȍȚȍ ș
ȎȍȓȚȖȑ ȓȐȟȐȕȖȑ ȍȊȕțȝȈ ǯȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȊ șȊȖȐȔ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȍȔ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȗȕ ȕȍȌȖȉȘȖ
țșȔȍȝȕțȓșȧ șȊȖȐȔ ȕȈȋȓȣȔ ȘȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȕȈșȐȓȤȕȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȋȍ-
ȒȐ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȖ ȌțȕțȊ Ȋ șȚȣȕțȊȠȐȑ ȖȚ ȓȍȌȧȕȖȋȖ țȎȈșȈ ȔȖȏȋ
— ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȍȕ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȍȘț
***
— ǺȈȒ ȒȈȒȖȊȖ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ" — țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȧ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș
— ǬȖȒȚȖȘȈ" — ȇ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ ǲȖ Ȕȕȍ șȒȓȖȕȐȓȖșȤ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȘȖȌȈȊ-
ȡȐȞȣ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȋȓȣ ȍȍ ȘȈȏȊȘȈȚȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȘȚȈ ȗȓțȚȖȊȈȚȖ țȓȣȉȈȓȐșȤ
— ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȕȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȐșȤ" — ȏȈȌȈȓ ȧ ȊȖȗȘȖș ș ȚȧȎȍșȚȤȦ șȚȘȧ-
ȝȐȊȈȧ ș șȍȉȧ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȟțȋțȕȕțȦ ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍȓȖșȚȤ
— ǵț ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ — țȓȣȉȕțȓȈșȤ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȡȐȞȈ — ȇ ȊȈș ȟȈșȚȖ ȊȐȎț Ȋ ȒȖ-
Ȝȍȑȕȍ ©ǯȊȍȏȌȖȟȍȚª Ȉ Ȓ ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȐ ȕȈ ȔȖȍȔ ȗȘȐȓȈȊȒȍ ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒ
ȇ ȖȋȓȧȌȍȓșȧ ǵȈ șȚȖȑȒȍ ȊȈȓȧȓșȧ ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȈ ȔȖȧ ȊȐȏȐȚ-
ȕȈȧ ȒȈȘȚȖȟȒȈ ǵȈ ȗȖȓț Ȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȝ ȧȡȐȒȈȝ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȒțȒȓȣ ǯȈȗȘȖȒȐȕțȊȠȍȍșȧ
ȓȐȞȖ ȜȈȘȜȖȘȖȊȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȐȧ ȔȖȍȑ țȔȍȘȠȍȑ șȍșȚȘȣ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȕȍȋȘȖȔ ȖȚȘȈȎȈ-

ȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȊȣșȖȒȖȔ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȍ
— ǵȍȚ ȉȈȘȣȠȕȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȊșȚȈȊȈȧ Ȑ ȗȖȠȈȚȣȊȈȧșȤ — Ǫȣ ȚȖȘ-
ȋțȍȚȍ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȒțȒȓȈȔȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȗȖȌȈȘȐȚȤ Ȑȝ ȔȖȍȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȖȑ ȗȖȌȘțȋȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ țȔȍȍȚ ȘțȔȧȕȐȚȤ ȘȚȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȤȍȚ ȊȐȕȈ Ȋ ȘȖȎȌȍșȚȊȍȕ-
șȒȐȍ ȕȖȟȐ ȇ ȓțȟȠȍ ȗȖȊȍȏț ȍȑ șȓȈșȚȍȑ Ȑ ȖȘȍȝȖȊ ǷȘȖȡȈȑȚȍ
— ǬȖ șȊȐȌȈȕȤȧ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ — ȗȖȗȘȈȊȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȘȖȉȒȖ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȊ șȊȖȦ ȘțȒț Ȑ țȘȖ-
ȕȐȊ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȖȉȕȈȎȐȊȠțȦșȧ ȝțȌȖȉț ȒȓȦȟȐȞ
— ǲȈȒ ȊȈș ȏȖȊțȚ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
— ǵț ȒȈȒ ȏȖȊțȚ-ȚȖ ȕȈș ǴȐȞȞȐ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ
***
ǴȖȒȘȣȍ ȉȍȏȋȓȈșȕȣȍ ȝȓȖȗȤȧ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ ȖȏȧȉȠȐȍ ȘțȒȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȏȈȔȍ-
ȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȉȣȓ Ȋ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȍ ȗȍȘȟȈȚȒȐ ǵȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȚȤșȧ ȉȣȓȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȖȗȖȏȌȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȍȏȌ
ǪȐȏȋȓȐȊȖ țȌȈȘȐȓ ȕȈ ȉȈȠȕȍ șȊ ǹȚȍȜȈȕȈ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓ Ȑ Ȑȏ ȝȘȈȔȈ ȌȖȕȖșȐȓșȧ ȓȐ-
ȒțȦȡȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȖȘȋȈȕȈ șȓȈȊȖșȓȖȊȧ ȘȖȎȌȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ Ȋ ȚȈȑȕȍ ȎȍȘȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǨȋȕȞȈ

ǽǾǳǷǿǸȁǾǮǻȀ

20
©ǰȉȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ șȊȍȒȓȈ ȊȣȘȖșȠȈȧ Ȑȏ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ
șȍȔȍȟȒȈ ȗȖșȓȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȑ ȌȈȊȈȍȔȣȝ ȉȖȚȈȕȐ-
ȒȈȔȐ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȈ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȕȖșȖȘȖȋ ȊȣȘȖșȠȐȑ
Ȑȏ ȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ șȍȔȍȟȒȈª
ǳȍȊ ȀȍșȚȖȊ
ǲȈȒ țșȚȈȊȠȐȑ ȋȖȓțȉȤ ȒȘțȚȖ ȊșȒȐȕțȊȠȐȑ șȐȏȣȍ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ Ȋ ȏȍȓȍȕȍȦȡțȦ ȚȐȠȤ
ȕȍȉȈ ȗȓȈȊȕȖ ȗȈȌȈȓ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȐȍ țȓȐȞȣ ȊȍȟȍȘ
ǺȈȔ — ȏȈ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘȈȔȐ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȧȔȐ ȖȒȘȈȐȕȈȔȐ ȏȈ ȜȈȉȘȐȟȕȣȔȐ ȚȘțȉȈȔȐ ȋȌȍ
ȘȣȟȈȓȖ ȎȍȓȍȏȖ ȓȍȉȍȌȖȒ Ȉ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȕȐȒȓȈ Ȓ ȉȍșȗȓȖȌȕȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȗȣȓȤȕȈȧ ȝțȌȖșȖȟ-
ȕȈȧ ȘȖȎȤ — ȏȈȘȧ ȒȖȓȣȝȈȓȈ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ȗțȚȐ ȈȓȍȦȡȐȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ ȌȣȔȣ ǵȖ ȍȍ șȍ-
ȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȒȘȣȓȖ ȒȖșȕțȓȖșȤ ȊȍȒ ȕȈȊȍȒ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȚȈȔ ȒțȌȈ țȔȟȈȓȖ ȉȍȏțȟȈșȚ-
ȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȖȓȦ Ȑ ȌȍȚșȚȊȖ
ǯȌȍșȤ — Ȋ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȔ ȕțȚȘȍ ȓȦȌșȒȐȝ ȚȘȍȊȖȋ Ȑ ȉȍȏȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȑ ȋȖȘȍșȚȍȑ Ȑ ȊȏȌȖ-
ȘȖȊ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȑ Ȑ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȖșȚȍȑ — șȚȖȧȓȐ ȘȧȌȈȔȐ ȎȍȓȍȏȖȉȍȚȖȕȕȣȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐ-
ȡȈ Ȉ ȕȈȌ ©ǬȊȖȘȞȖȔ ǸȈȌȖșȚȐª ȝȓȖȗȈȓ ȗȖȉȍȌȕȖ Ȗ șȊȖȍ ȌȘȍȊȒȖ ȜȓȈȋ ǵȈ ȍȋȖ ȈȓȖȔ
ȠȍȓȒȖȊȖȔ ȗȖȓȍ șȐȧȓȈ ȏȖȓȖȚȈȧ ȟȈȠȈ — șȐȔȊȖȓ Țȍȝ ȉȓȈȎȍȕșȚȊ Ȑ țȚȍȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ȎȌțȚ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȗțȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȘȖȝȖȎȐȝ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȋȖ ȒȈȗȐȡȈ
ǭșȚȤ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖșȚȤ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȌȖșȚȖȊȍȘȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȊȣȔȣ-
șȍȓ Ȋ țȓȐȞȍ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ Ȋ șțȔȍȘȒȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍȉȍșȈ ȏȍȓȍȕȍȦȚ ȜȖșȜȖȘȖȔ Ȉ ț ȏȍȘȒȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȝ șȗȍșȐȊȣȝ ȊȐȚȘȐȕ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȍȚ ȉȘȣȏȎțȡȍȍ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ǴȐȋ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȘȎȈ-
ȊȈȧ ȊȣȊȍșȒȈ ȘȈșȞȊȍȚȈȍȚ ȥȗȖȗȍȍȑ Ȉ ȊȖȒȏȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȗȈșȚȤ ș ȋȖȘȧȡȍȑ ȞȍȗȤȦ șȍȔȈȜȖ-
ȘȖȊ — Ȋ șȐȧȦȡȐȑ ȊȍȕȍȞ ǺȊȖȘȞȈ ǿȈș ȒȖȋȌȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȊȍȓȐȚ Ȑ șȔȍȍȚșȧ șȚȈȍ ȉȓțȌ-
ȓȐȊȣȝ ȊȏȖȘȖȊ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȈȧ ȐȔȐ ȟȈș ȟȚȖ ȏȈșȚȐȚ ȋȖȓțȉȣȔ ȉȈșȕȖșȓȖȊȕȣȔ ȗȤȧ-
ȕȣȔ ȚțȔȈȕȖȔ ȔȖȏȋ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȠȐȑ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȈȘȐȜȔȍȚȐȒȈ ȊșȧȟȍșȒȐȝ șȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȍȑ Ȑ
ȐșȗȣȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȕȍȗȖȋȘȍȠȐȔȖ Ȑ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȏȢȧȓȈ ȔȐȘ ǶȚ ȍȋȖ ȚȈȑȕ Ȑ ȔȖȘȖ-
ȒȖȊ ȕȍ ȕȈș ȓȐ ȕȍ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȓȐ Ȑ ȊȕțȒȖȊ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȐȏȉȈȊȐȓȐ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȐ Ȑ ȘȈ-
ȌȐȖ ȐȒȈȦȡȐȍ Ȋ ȕȍȗȖȋȖȌț ȒȈȒ ȗȤȧȕȐȞȣ"
ǲȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȘțȟȐȚȤșȧ" ǹȈȔȖȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȋȘțȉȣȑ ȖȗȣȚ" ǵȖ ȖȕȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ
ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓȐșȤ ȧȊȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȔȍȚȖȑ ȉȍșșȚȣȌșȚȊȖȔ șȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȧ!
***
ǲȈȒ țșȚȈȓȣȑ ȋȖȓțȉȤ ȗȈȌȈȓ ș ȕȍȉȈ ȊȍȟȍȘ ǮȍșȚȧȕȣȔ șȒȘȍȉțȡȐȔ ȏȊțȒȖȔ țȌȐȊ-
ȓȧȓ ȖȗȈȊȠȐȑ ȓȐșȚ ȕȈ ȚȘȖȚțȈȘȍ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȖȑ Ȉ Ȑȏ ȒȖȜȍȍȕ Ȑ ȉȈȘȖȊ ©ǬȊȖȘȞȈ ǸȈ-
ȌȖșȚȐª ȊȐȏȎȈȓȈ ȗȖȝȖȚȓȐȊȖ șȒȘȐȗȒȈ Ȑ șȚțȟȈȓ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȔȐ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ȜȖȒș-
ȚȘȖȚ
ǪȖșȒȖȊȈȧ ȕȍȊȍșȚȈ Ȋ ȖȒȕȍ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȈ ȐȏȖȋȕțȊ șȚȈȕ ȚȖȕȟȈȑȠȐȔȐ ȗȍȘșȚȈȔȐ

21
ȕȍșȓȈ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȑ ȉȍȏȓȦȉȖȑ ȋȘțȌȐ ȖȉȓȈȒȖ ȔțșȓȐȕȈ ȌȈȘȧ ȗȖȚȖȒț ȒȖȚȍȓȒȖȊ Ȑ ȗȍȕș-
ȕȍ ȖȒȖșȚȍȕȍȊȠțȦ țȓȣȉȒț ǹȚțȟȈȓȐ ȒȈȉȓțȟȒȐ Ȑ ȔȐȋȈȓȐ șȋȐȉȣ ȗȖȌ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȔȐ
șȚțȟȈȓȐ ȠȈȚȈȓȐ ȏȍȔȓȦ
ǹȍȑȜȣ ȏȈȔȣȒȈȓȐșȤ ȉȖȓȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȠȐȜȘȈȔȐ ȖȘȒȍșȚȘȣ ȕȈșȚȘȈȐȊȈȓȐ ȌțȠț Ȉ ȗț-
ȝȖȊȒȈ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȗȘȣȋȈȓȈ ȗȖ țȊȧȌȈȦȡȍȔț ȗȖȌȉȖȘȖȌȒț ȋȖȚȖȊȧȡȍȑșȧ Ȓ Ȋȣ-
ȝȖȌț ȌȐȊȣ ǰȏ-ȗȖȌ ȚȖȘȞȖȊ Ȑ ȈșȜȈȓȤȚȈ ȊȏȔȣȊȈȓȖ ȉȍȠȍȕșȚȊȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȗȘȖȕȏȈȊ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȣȓȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȖȋȕȧȔȐ
ǯȈȕȍșȧ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȍ ȉȘȖȕȏȖȊȖȍ ȒȖȗȣȚȖ ȕȈȌ ȚȖȓȗȖȦ Ȑ ȔȣȠȐȕȖȦ ȗȘȣȚȤȦ șȒȖȓȤ-
ȏȐȊȠȐȝ ȔȈȠȐȕ ȒȖȕȤ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȕȍș șȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȕȖȋȖ șȍȌȖȒȈ ȒȖșȧ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
Ǵȕȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȚȖȠȕȖ ȖȚ ȘȈȏȔȈȓȍȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȋțȉ Ȑ ȕȈȏȖȑȓȐȊȣȝ ȋȈȏȍȚȟȐȒȖȊ ȇ ȊșȗȖȔ-
ȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȒȖșȚȍȓȍ ǬȍȊȣ ǴȈȘȐȐ ǹȕȍȎȕȖȑ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȚ ȘȍȒȊȐȍȔ ǩȈȝȈ Ǫ ȗȈ-
ȔȧȚȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȠȍȓȍșȚ ȗȘȖȏȊțȟȈȓ ȕȍșȚȘȖȑȕȣȑ ȊȖȏȋȓȈș ȔȖȓȧȡȐȝșȧ ©ora pro no-
bis» — ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ ȕȈ țȋȓț ȏȊȖȕȒȖȑ ȊȍșȍȓȖȑ ȌȘȖȉȤȦ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȓȐșȤ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȈ
ȓȖȠȈȌȐȕȣȍ ȗȖȌȒȖȊȣ Ǫ ȖȌȕȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒȐȍ ȖȚȠȊȣȘȕțȓȐ ȚȖȓȗț Ȓ șȚȍ-
ȕȈȔ ȌȖȔȖȊ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȖȑ ȘȣșȤȦ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ țȋȓȈ ȊȣȓȍȚȍȓ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȊȏȊȖȌ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȖȊ ǰȝ
șȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȠȓȍȔȣ Ȑ ȗȈȓȈȠȐ ȕȈȋȖȓȖ ȉȓȍșȕțȓȐ Ȋ ȋȈșȕțȊȠȍȑ ȏȈȘȍ ȉȖȘȖȊȠȍȑșȧ ș
ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȖȔ ǯȈȚȧȕțȚȣȑ Ȋ ȜȖȘȔț ȖȜȐȞȍȘ ȕȈ ȋȈȘȞțȦȡȍȔ ȘȣȎȍȔ ȒȖȕȍ ȍȌ-
ȊȈ ȒȈșȈȧșȤ șȚȘȍȔȧȕ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ȕȈȍȏȌȕȐȒȖȊ ǹȊȍȘȒȕțȓȈ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖ șȈȉȓȧ ȗȖȌȈȊȈȍ-
ȔȖȑ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȣ Ȑ ȗȖ ȔȖșȚȖȊȖȑ ȔȧȋȒȖ ȗȘȖȠȍȓȍșȚȍȓȐ ȠȐȕȣ ȒȖȓȧșȒȐ Ǫ ȕȍȑ Ȋ
ȔțȕȌȐȘȍ ȘȈșȠȐȚȖȔ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȐ ȠȗȈȋȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȒȍ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȍȘȤȧȔȐ
șȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȋȖșȚȤ ǩȘȐȚȣȑ ȒțȟȍȘ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ șȦȘȚțȒȍ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ȌȊțȝ
ȉȍȓȣȝ ȎȍȘȍȉȞȖȊ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ țȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȧ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȉȐȟ
ǬȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȗȧȚȤ șȈȉȍȓȤ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȐ ȓȍȋȒȐȔȐ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȧ șȈȓȦȚ Ȑ ȓȖȊ-
ȒȖ șȖșȒȖȟȐȊ ș ȗȖȌȕȖȎȒȐ ȥȒȐȗȈȎȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ǫ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȒȍ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ Ȓ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌț
ǭȋȖ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȐșșȐȕȧ țșȣ șȊȐșȈȓȐ ȎȐȌȒȐȔȐ ȝȊȖșȚȐȒȈȔȐ Ȉ ȠȈȜȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȞȊȍȚ ȓȐ-
ȞȈ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȍȑ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȉȈȋȘȖȊȣȔ ȈȗȖȗȓȍȒșȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȏȈȚȣȓȒȖȔ
șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȈ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȠȚȈȉȈ ȚȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ ȋȌȍ ȍșȓȐ
ȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȔȍȚȍȖȘȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȉȦȓȓȍȚȍȕȧȔ Ȑ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈȔ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ
ȟțȌȍș
ȇ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȖ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȗȖ-ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐ
— ǬȖȉȘȖ ȗȖȎȈȓȖȊȈȚȤ
ǴȖȕȋȖȓ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȒȐșȚȤ ȘțȒȐ Ȓ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȒȍ ȏȓȖ șȊȍȘȒȕțȓ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȖȚȣșȒȐȊȈȧ ȕȈ-
ȝȈȓȈ Ȋ ȚȖȓȗȍ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȦȕȖȠȍșȒȐ-ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖȑ ȗȖȝȖȌ-
ȒȖȑ ȊȉȍȎȈȓ ȗȖ ȗȓȦȠȍȊȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȎȒȍ ȕȈ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞț ©ǬȊȖȘȞȈ ǸȈȌȖșȚȐª
ȇ ȉȖȦșȤ ȔȖȕȋȖȓȖȊ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȉȍșȖȊșȒȖȑ șȐȓȣ ȇ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȦ Ȑȝ șȓȖȊț Ȑȝ ȌȘțȎȉȍ ǷȖ-
șȓȍ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȐ ȓȍȚ șȖȊȔȍșȚȕȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȖȕȐ ȏȊȍȘșȒȐ țȉȐȓȐ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȌȧȌȦ-șȚȈȘȐȒȈ
Ȑ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȚȦȘȤȔȍ ȗȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ ǵȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȣȍ ȋȖȌȣ ǬȈȎȍ ȔțȌȘȍȑȠțȦ
ȒȐȚȈȑșȒțȦ ȋȘȈȔȖȚț ȧ ȗȖșȚȐȋ ȚȈȔ ǬȈȎȍ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ ȘȖȎȐ ȧ șțȔȍȓ ȕȈ-
ȒȖȕȍȞ ǰ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȠȐȑ Ȕȕȍ ȚȖȎȍ ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȎțȚȒȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȒȖȓȣȝȕțȊ țșȕțȊȠțȦ
ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤ
ȇ ȗȖȌȚȖȓȒȕțȓ șȖșȍȌȈ Ȋ ȔȧȚȖȑ Ƞȓȧȗȍ
— Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȈ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȈ"
ȀȈȓȖȗȈȑ ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȗȓȦȕțȓ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȕȖ țȏȕȈȊ Ȕȍȕȧ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ Ȗȉ-
ȌȈȊ ȏȈȗȈȝȖȔ ȗȐȊȈ
— Ǩ ȅȚȖ Ȋȣ ǳȍȚțȟȈȧ ǴȣȠȤ

22
— ǬȈ ȧ ǬȈȊȕȖ ȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȐșȤ Ȉ"
— ǬȈȊȕȍȕȤȒȖ ȗȖȋȖȌȐȚȍ ǸȈȏȊȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ Ȋȣ țȔȍȘȓȐ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞȍ șȊ ǭȓȐȏȈȊȍȚȣ
ȖȚ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȋȖȘȧȟȒȐ ȧ ȟȐȚȈȓ Ȋ ȝȘȖȕȐȒȍ
— ǷȖȌȈȊȐȚȍșȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍ
— ǵț ȚȈȒ ȟȍȋȖ Ȏȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚȍ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ ȐȓȐ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȈ ȠȚȈȕȣ șȖȟȐȕȐȚȍȓȤ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ — ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ Ȗȕ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȖșȚȘȖȚȍ
ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȏȐȘȈȍȚ ȚȈȒ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ — ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȗȘȈȊ-
ȌȖȓȦȉȞȣ ȉȓȈȋȖțșȚȘȖȍȕȕȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȐ ǹ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌșȚȊȖȔ Ȑ ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȐȍȔ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ ȥȚȖ ǪȍȌȤ Ȑ ȗȘȖȏȊȐȡȍ șȊȖȍ ȧ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȏȈȕȧȚ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ țȉȍȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȦ șȣșȒȖȔ ǸȈȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȦ ȗȖȌșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȦ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ șȚȘȖȟȒȐ
— ǺȈȒ ȒȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏȏȖȓȖȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȔțȕȌȐȘ"
— ǹȖȉȈȒȈ ȊȖȘ ǷȖșȓȈȕȕȐȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ Ȑȏ ǲȐȚȈȧ
— Ǩ ȏȖȊțȚ"
— ǿȍȋȖ ȍȡȍ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓȐ ǪșȧȒțȦ ȔȍȘȏȖșȚȤ ȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ǰȌȍȔȚȍ-ȒȈ ȓțȟ-
Ƞȍ, ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȔ ȓȐȚȘ ǹȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ ȖșȍȕȤ ȘȈȕȖ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ
— ǶșȍȕȤ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȈȍȚ ȞȊȍȚȣ Ȑ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȉȘȈȚȈ Ȉ"
— ǽȈ ȝȈ — ȏȈȘȎȈȓ Ȗȕ — Ǫȣ șȈȌȖȊȕȐȒȖȔ ȕȈ ȘȖȌȐȕȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ" ǬȖȝȓȣȝ țȕȐȟ-
ȚȖȎȈȍȚ ȌȖȝȓȣȝ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ǺȈȒ ȐȔ Ȑ ȕȈȌȖ
Ǵȣ ȗȍȘȍșȍȒȓȐ ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ȑ ȊȏȖȠȓȐ ȕȈ ǲȈȘȓȖȊ ȔȖșȚ ǸȍȒȈ ȘȣȟȈȓȈ Ȑ ȏȓȐ-
ȓȈșȤ ț ȗȖȘȖȋȖȊ ȗȍȘȍȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȈȧ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȋȘȧȌȖȑ ȠȐȗȧ ț ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȝ șȊȈȑ ȊȖȏ-
ȓȍ țșȚȖȍȊ
ǹȐȘȍȕȍȊȖ-ȔȖȓȖȟȕȈȧ ȌȣȔȒȈ șȚȍȓȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧȔȐ ȕȈ ȖșȚȘȖȊȒȍ
— ǫȓȧȌȐȚȍ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȖȑ șȒȖȘȉȐ șȊȧȚȈȧ ǳțȐȚȋȈȘȌȈ ȓȖ-
ȉȣȏȈȦȡȈȧ ȘȈșȗȧȚȖȋȖ ȎȍȕȐȝȈ — țȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ȕȈ șȚȈȚțȦ ȕȈ ȗȈȘȈȗȍȚȍ — ǻȌȐȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ
— ǪȖȕȦȟȐȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ — ȖȚȔȈȝȕțȓșȧ șȗțȚȕȐȒ — ǪȖȚ ȌȖȎȌțșȤ ȓȍȚȈ țȑȌț ȋȖ-
ȕȧȚȤ ȗȓȖȚȣ Ȉ Ȋȣ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȑȚȍ ȌȣȘȧȊȣȍ ȒȘȣȠȐ
ǵȈ ȒȘțȚȖ ȊȏȉȍȋȈȊȠȍȑ ȕȈ ǫȘȈȌȟȈȕșȒȐȑ ȝȖȓȔ țȓȐȞȍ Ȋ ȋȓțȝȖȔ ȌȊȖȘț ȏȈȚȍȘȧȓ-
șȧ ȒȈȉȈȟȖȒ
— Mistre ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȤȚȍșȤ — ȗȖȌȚȖȓȒȕțȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȔȖȑ ȌȘțȋ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȓ ȝȖ-
ȏȧȐȕț — ǷȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȖȑ ǷȘȈȋȐ Ȑ ȍȍ ȒȘȣș
ǪȍȕȋȍȘșȒȖȍ ȚȍȘȗȒȖȍ ȉȓȈȎȍȕȕȖ ȊȧȎțȡȍȍ ȧȏȣȒ Ȑ Ȍȍșȕȣ șȖȋȘȍȓȖ ȕȈș ǲȖș ȗȖ-
ȟȍȠșȒȐ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ — ȌȘȖȏȌ țȏȕȈȊ ȟȚȖ ȐȏȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȕȍ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȐȓ Ȕȕȍ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȕȍȌȖ-
ȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ ȉțȔȈȎȒț Ȋ ȗȧȚȤȌȍșȧȚ ȒȘȖȕ
— ǵț ȊȖȏȤȔȐȚȍ Ȉ ȚȖ ȍȡȍ ǨȕȌțȓȒȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȟȐșȚȐȚȤ ȔȖȑ ȎȐȓȍȚ ȖȚ ȊȈȠȐȝ
șȓȍȏ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ
Ƕ ǨȕȌțȓȒȈ ȇ ȏȈȉȣȓ Ȗ ȕȍȑ șȖȊșȍȔ ǫȘțȌȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȉȍșȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȑ ȈȓȤȚ ȒȈȒ
ȗȖȍȚ ȖȕȈ ©Lask¶țª Ȑ ©Sluniþkoª ǹȚȖȐȚ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈ ǰ ȍȍ
șȔȍȝ — ȋȘȖȝȖȟțȡȐȑ Ȑ ȏȈȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ǺȖȓșȚȣȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȍȕșȒȐȍ ȕȖȋȐ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȞȊȍȚȈ șȍȕȚȧȉȘȤșȒȖȋȖ ȕȍȉȈ — șȍȘȣȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȕȣȍ
Ȋ ȗȈȒȓȦ ȗȍȘȍȒȐșȤȦ Ȑ ȒȖȎȈ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȍȍ ȘȖȏȖȊȖȑ ȔȈȓȤȊȣ
— Ǩ ȋȌȍ ǨȕȌțȓȒȈ"
ǲȖș ȕȈȝȔțȘȐȓșȧ
— ǫȔ ȖȕȈ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȔȍșȧȞ șȓțȎȐȚ ȊȖ ©ǬȊȖȘȞȍª
— ǨȕȌțȓȒȈ ǹȓțȎȐȚ"

23
— ǿȍȋȖ Ȋȣ ȖȘȍȚȍ" ǵț șȓțȎȐȚ ț ȕȍȍ ȔȈȚȤ țȔȐȘȈȍȚ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ Ȋ ǺțȘȕȖȊȍ
ȟȚȖ ȓȐ ȉȘȈȚȐȠȒȈ ȖȉțȟȈȍȚșȧ
ȇ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓ Ȉ ǲȖș șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȗȖȌȘȈȎȈȚȤ ȉȍșȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȑ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ Ȑȕ-
ȚȖȕȈȞȐȧȔ ȗȖȌȘțȋȐ ȝȘȐȗȓȖ ȏȈȗȍȓ ©Sluniþkoª ȕȈȗȖȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȎȐȔȖȓȖ-
șȚȤȦ Ȑ ȚȖșȒȖȑ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȋȖ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘȈ
— Mistre!.. — ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȍȕȐȍ ȔȖȑ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤ ȔȘȈȟȕȖ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ
ȥȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ — ǬȈȑȚȍ ȕȈȔ ȍȡȍ ȓȐȚȘ
***
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȈ ȚȘȧșȚȐ ȔȖȧ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȒȈ — ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȈȧ ȋȖșȚȤȧ Ȑ ȧ ȗȖ-
șȗȍȠȐȓ ȌȖȔȖȑ ǵȖ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȎȍșȚȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ ǰ ȒȘȖ-
Ȕȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȕȈȠ țȋȖȊȖȘ ș ǲȖșȖȔ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȠȈȚȒȐȔ Ȕȣ ȊȣȗȐȓȐ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ —
ȌȊȈ ȓȐȚȘȈ ȊȐȕȈ ǿȈȑ Ȏȍ ș ȌțȘȔȈȕȐȊȠȐȔ ȘȖȔȖȔ ȈȓȒȖȋȖȓȍȔ ȕȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈ-
ȊȈȓșȧ
ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȏȈșȕțȚȤ ǳȍȎȈ ș ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȧ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȕȈȌ
țȝȖȔ ȋȖȓȖș ǨȕȌțȓȒȐ — ȋțșȚȖȑ ȋȖȘȚȈȕȕȣȑ ǶȕȈ ȏȈȗȍȊȈȓȈ ©Lask¶țª ȖȉȍȡȈȧ ȋȖȘȧ-
ȟȐȑ ȔȍȌ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȘȚȈ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȐ ȏȓȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȋȖ ȌȐȗȓȖ-
ȔȈȚȈ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȧ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ ș ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ Ȑ șȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȋȘțȌȤ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȖ ȚȘȍ-
ȊȖȎȕȖ ȏȈșȚțȟȈȓȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǷȈȔȧȚȤ ȊȍȘȕțȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȍȋȖ ȐȔȧ
— ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑ — ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȧ șȈȔ șȍȉȍ — ȕȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ — ǿȖȕ-ȌȏȖ ǷȘȖ-
ȒȓȧȚȤȍ ǲȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȥȚȖ Ȗȕ ǹȚȈȘȠȐȑ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒ Ȋ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȍ Ȋ ǽȐȓȐȕ-ȟȖȖ ȋȌȍ
ȧ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕ ȋȌȍ ȧ Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȈȓȍ ȖȚȉȐȊȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȣȝ ȒȘȣș ȟȈșȈȔȐ
ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȒȘțȎȐȓȈșȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ǷȖȟȍȔț ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȊȔȍșȚȖ Șȧșȣ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ
ȔțȕȌȐȘ ȌȐȗȓȖȔȈȚȈ" ǷȖȟȍȔț ȊȔȍșȚȖ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȝ șȊȐȚȒȖȊ — ȌȖȊȍȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȋȘȈ-
ȔȖȚȣ" ȇ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȖȚȊȍȚ ǫȌȍ ț ȒȖȋȖ" ǷȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȧ ȕȍȗȖȒȖȘȕțȦ ȏȈȗȖȕ-
Ȓț ȌȖȊȧȏȣȊȈȧ ȋȈȓșȚțȒ ȕȈ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ șȒȈȚȐȓșȧ ȧ ȊȕȐȏ ȗȖ șȚțȗȍȕȤȒȈȔ ȉȘȖșȐȊ-
ȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȐȊȕțȦ
— ǪȍȟȍȘȕȐȍ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ȍșȚȤ"
ǾȍȌȧ ȗȍȕȧȡȍȍșȧ ȗȐȊȖ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ ȒȐȊȕțȓ
— ǺȈȔ ȕȈ ȊȍȠȈȓȒȍ
ȇ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȠȈȚȈȊȠȐȍșȧ șȚȖȓȉȞȣ Ǫ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ ȖȗȧȚȤ șțȌȧȚ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-
ȚȖ ȎȍȕȖțȉȐȑȞț ǵȍ ȚȖ ǷȖȌ ȗȖȍȏȌ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘ ȌȍȗȈȘȚȈȔȍȕȚȈ ǵȍ ȚȖ
ǹȌȈȦȚșȧ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȣ« ȚȈȒșȈ ȗȖȘȖȌȐșȚȈȧ« ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȌȈȔȈ șȒțȟȈȧ ȐȡȍȚ șȖȓȐȌȕȣȝ
ȓȍȚ ǰ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȖșȚȘȣȑ ȗȘȐșȚțȗ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȊȣȊȍȏ Ȑȏ
ǨȏȐȐ Ǵȍȕȧ ȒȈȟȈȓȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȖȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȈȓțȉȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ Ȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȔ ȔȖȘȍ
ǹȚțȟȈ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ȧ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ Ȋ ȚȐȗȖȋȘȈȜȐȦ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȍȑ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ǰȏ ȗȖȌȊȖȘȖȚȕȐ ȕȈ-
ȊșȚȘȍȟț Ȕȕȍ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓ ȘȈȏȕȖșȟȐȒ ȇ șțȕțȓ ȋȖȘȓȈȕț ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ǸȈșȗȈȝȕțȓ ȓȐșȚ ǽȘȖ-
ȕȐȒȈ ǿȍȘȕȣȔ ȗȖ ȉȍȓȖȔț
©ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȋ  ȟ  ȔȐȕ Ȑȏ ǴȖșȒȊȣ ȗȘȐȉȣȓ Ȋ șȚȖȓȐȞț ȗȖȓȕȖȔȖȟȕȣȑ ȔȐ-
ȕȐșȚȘ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ Ȍȍȓ ǲȐȚȈȧ ǿȖȕ-ȌȏȖ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȊȖ “ǬȊȖȘȞȍ ǸȈȌȖșȚȐ”.
ǷȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚ ǸȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȐ ȗȘȐȔȍȚ ȊȣșȖȒȖȋȖ ȋȖșȚȧª

24
ȇ ȚȖȗȕțȓ ȕȖȋȖȑ șȒȘȐȗȕțȓ ȏțȉȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ Ȍȓȧ șȈȔȖȋȖ șȍȉȧ ȗȖȋȘȖ-
ȏȐȓ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȒȖȔț ȒțȓȈȒȖȔ ǷȘȖȝȖȎȐȑ ȠȈȘȈȝȕțȓșȧ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȕȖ
ȗȖȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ ȕȈșȊȐșȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȔȖȌȕțȦ ȗȍșȍȕȒț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȈȏȣȊȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȌȘțȋȈ ȋȘțȉȖȋȖ ȕȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ǲȖșȈ:
— Andulko, Andulko,
Anduliþko...
ȗȘȖȗȍȓȖ ȥȝȖ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȔȖȏȋț ǰ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖșȍȕȐȓȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȓȐșȤ
șȚȈȊȕȐ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ ©ǪȍȌȤ ǨȕȌțȓȒȈ șȓțȎȐȚ ȊȖ ³ǬȊȖȘȞȍ ǸȈȌȖșȚȐ´ ǪȖȚ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȕțȎȕȈ Ȕȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤª
ǰ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȧ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȒȈ țșȐȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȧ ȖȗȘȖȔȍȚȤȦ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȏȕȈ-
ȔȍȕȐȚȖȔț ȖȚȍȓȦ
***
ǵȍ ȚȈȒ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȏȣșȒȈȚȤ ǨȕȌțȓȒț șȘȍȌȐ ȓȐȜȚȖȊ ȥȚȈȎȍȑ ȗȈȘȐȒ-
ȔȈȝȍȘșȒȐȝ Ȑ șȈȓȖȕȖȊ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȧ ȕȈșȚȐȋ ȍȍ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ ǪȔȍșȚȖ ȖȘȈȕȎȍȊȖȋȖ ȗȓȈ-
ȚȤȧ ș ȊȣȘȍȏȖȔ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȋȘțȌȐ ȧ țȊȐȌȈȓ ȒȖȒȍȚȓȐȊȣȑ ȒȘțȎȍȊȕȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȐȒ ȕȈ
șȒȘȖȔȕȖȔ țȉȖȘȍ ȋȖȘȕȐȟȕȖȑ ǿȍȘȚȖȊșȒȐ ȝȖȘȖȠȈ ȥȚȈ ȌȍȊȟȖȕȒȈ ǩȍȌȕȣȑ ǲȖș ȍȍ
ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȏȌȍșȤ țȒȘȈȌȍȚ
ȇ șȉȐȊȈȓșȧ ȔȖȐ ȏțȉȣ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț șȚțȟȈȓȐ Ȑ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȈȘȖȒșȐȏȔ
ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȒȐ ȌȖșȚȐȋ ȊȣșȠȍȋȖ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ǨȕȌțȓȒȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȕȧ-
ȓȈ
— ǳȍȚțȟȈȧ ǴȣȠȤ Ȋȣ șȔȍȍȚȍșȤ ǬȈ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȥȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ" ǵȍ ȗȖșȈȎț
Ȏȍ ȧ ȊȈș ȕȈ ȗȖȓȖȋ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ
— ǵȈ ȗȖȓȖȋ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ — ȉȍșșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ ȧ
— ǬȈ ǰ ȖȝȖȚȈ ȊȈȔ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȊȣșȓȍȎȐȊȈȚȤ Ȋșȍȝ
— ȇ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȊȈȔ ȌȍȚȒȈ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣ
— ǯȕȈȒȖȔȣ"
— Ǵȣ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ǲȐȚȈȍ ȧ ȍȋȖ ȏȕȈȦ ǻșȚȘȖȑȚȍ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȧ ȗȖȗȈȓ Ȓ ȕȍ-
Ȕț
— ǬȈ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȔȍȚ ȊȈș Ȑ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ țȎȐȕȈȍȚ ș
ǴȈȌȓȍȕ
— ǹ ȒȈȒȖȑ ǴȈȌȓȍȕ"
— Ǩ ȚȈȕȞȖȊȡȐȞȈ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘ ȗȖȌ ȗȖȍȏȌ
— ǬȐȘȍȒȚȖȘ"
— ǵț ȌȈ ǫȈȏȍȚ ȕȍ ȟȐȚȈȍȚȍ" ǺȈȔ ȗțȠȒȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ
— Ǩ ǷȘȐȗȖȔȐȕȈȦ
ǹȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒ șȓțȎȐȚȍȓȤ ǲȖȕȜțȞȐȧ ș ȚȈȕȞȖȊȡȐȞȍȑ Ȋ ȉȈȘȍ" ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȘțȎȐ-
ȓȈșȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ǵȍȚ ȏȌȍșȤ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȤȡȐȕȈ ǩȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȖ ȧ ȚȍȘ șȍȉȍ ȊȐșȒȐ
— ǨȕȌțȓȒȈ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ ȕȖȔȍȘȍ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ Ȗȕ"
— ǭȔț ȖȚȊȍȌȍȕȣ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȚȘȐ

25
— ǹ ȕȐȔ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ?
— ǷȘȐȍȝȈȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒȐ ȕȖ ș ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȕȐȔ — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȠȒȈ-șȓțȋȈ
— ǩȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ"
— ǵȐȒȖȋȖ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ șȖȓȖȊȍȑ ȗȘȖȡȈȑȚȍ
— ǹȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ ǷȘȐȔȐȚȍ ȓȍȒȈȘșȚȊȖ ș ȋȖȘȧȟȐȔ ȟȈȍȔ ǪȈȠȈ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȒȈ
ȏȌȖȘȖȊȖ ȊȈș ȚȘȍȗȓȍȚ
ǨȕȌțȓȒȈ țȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖ ȗȘȖȊȍȓȈ ȓȈȌȖȕȤȦ ȗȖ ȔȖȍȔț ȋȖȘȧȟȍȔț ȓȉț ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȊ ȍȍ
ȓȐȠȕȍȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ — ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ Ȑ ȊȣȌȈȓȖ ȍȍ — ȕȈ ȡȍȒȍ Ȑ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȇ șȌȍ-
ȓȈȓ ȊȐȌ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȦșȤ Ȓ ȊȣȝȖȌț
***
ǵȖ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȊșȍȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌȐȚ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȧ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȊȖȓȧ ǿȤȧ-ȚȖ ȊȓȈșȚȕȈȧ ȘțȒȈ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȦȌȈ
ȇ ȗȘȖșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓ ȏȈ țȋȖȓ ǹȣȡȐȒ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȊȠȐȑ ȊȣșȖȒțȦ ȖșȖȉț șȒțȟȈȧ ȉȖȓ-
ȚȈȓ ș ȒȐȚȈȑȟȖȕȒȖȔ-șȓțȋȖȦ ǿȖȕ-ȌȏȖ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȊȍȓ ȍȋȖ Ȓ ȋȍȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍ-
șȒȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȍ ȕȈ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȔ ȗȓȈȒȈȚȍ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ reisebureau Ȑ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȔ șȓȍȗȖ ȗȖȉȓȍșȒȐȊȈȓ ȜȈȓȤȠȐȊȣȑ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚ ȟȍȘȚȐȓ ȚȖȚ ȗțȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ Ȑ ȥȚȈ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȈ ȇ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕ ȕȈșȗȍȝ ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȓ șȚȈ-
ȒȈȕȟȐȒ ȒȖȕȤȧȒț ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȊȣȝȖȌȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȓȤȏțȧșȤ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ șȚȖȧȓȐ
ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ șȗȐȕȖȑ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȠȔȣȋȕțȓ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȋȖ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȈ ǹȊȍȚ ȥȓȍȒ-
ȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȜȖȕȈȘȍȑ ȖșȊȍȡȈȊȠȐȝ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȖȋȓȧȌȍȚȤșȧ ȇ șȍȓ Ȋ
ȒȘȍșȓȖ ȧ ȎȌȈȓ ǿȖȕ-ȌȏȖ ȧ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȊ Ȋ țȔȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȜȘȈȏ ȗȖ-
ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐ ȋȌȍ ȒȖȔȗȓȐȔȍȕȚȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȝțȎȍ ȗȖȡȍȟȐȕ Ƕ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋ ȔȍșȚȐ ȅȚȖ Ȋȣ —
ȉȍȏ ȗȖȏȊȖȕȒȖȊ Ȑ șȚȘȈșȚȐ — ȖȝȈȧȓȐ ȋȕȍȊ ȍȍ ȥȚȖ Ȋȣ — ȚȘțșȣ — ȊȣȌțȔȈȓȐ șȔȐȘȍȕ-
ȕțȦ ȗȖȌȓȖșȚȤ ȗȘȖȡȍȕȐȧ ȖȗȓȍȊȈȊ ȍȍ ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȑ Ȑ ȊȖșȝȐȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȓȐȒ
ǸȈȏȊȍ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȐȏȎȐȚȤ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ Ȗ ȚȍȘȏȈȕȐȧȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋ Ȕȍȕȧ ȔȖȕȋȖȓ ȘȈȏ-
Ȋȍ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚȤ ȥȚȖȔț ȗȓȍȔȍȕȐ șȖȘȖȒ țȌȈȘȖȊ ȉȈȔȉțȒȖȊȣȔȐ ȗȈȓȒȈȔȐ ȏȈ ȗȖȗȣȚ-
Ȓț ȗȖȉȍȋȈ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȧ ȕȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȋȕȐȓțȦ ȋȖȘȍȟȤ ȊȖȌȣ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȖșȐȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȘȈȏ Ȋ șțȚȒȐ ș ȔȖȒȘȐȞȈȔȐ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȋȓȐȕȧȕȖȑ ȒȘțȎȒȐ"
ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȑȌȍȚ ȧ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȓ ȇ ȓȐȠȤ ȎȌȈȓ ǿȖȕ-ȌȏȖ ǯȈ-
ȒȐȕțȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȧ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȓ ȕȈȌ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȗȣȠȕȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȤȦ ȗȖȓȖȋ ȀțȚȒȈ Ǩȕ-
ȌțȓȒȐ ȗȖȌȚȖȓȒȕțȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ǵȍ ȘȈȏȌțȔȣȊȈȧ ȧ Ȋȓȍȏ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȊȍȘȝ Ȑ ȘȈșȚȧȕțȓșȧ ǯȈ-
ȟȍȔ" — șȗȘȖșȐȚȍ Ȋȣ ǹȗȘȖșȐȚȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȚȖ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓ Ȋ ȥȚț ȕȖȟȤ ȔȖȍȑ ȊȖȓȍȑ
ǷȣȠȕȣȍ ȒȘȈȧ ȉȈȓȌȈȝȐȕȈ ȖȚȌȍȓȈȕȕȣȍ ȉȈȘȝȈȚȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȏțȔȍȕȚȈȔȐ șȒȘȣȊȈȓȐ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔ ǵȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȟțȌȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȐ ȟȈșȣ ȊȣȌȈȌțȚ Ȕȍȕȧ Ǵȕȍ ȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȐ ȞȖȒȈȦȡȐȍ ȏțȉȣ ȗȘȍȌȈȌțȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ǳȐȝȖȘȈȌȒȈ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȊșȚțȗȈȓȈ
Ȋ șȓȍȌțȦȡțȦ ȜȈȏț Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ țȎȈșȕȖȋȖ ȖȏȕȖȉȈ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȕȈȟȐ-
ȕȈȓȖ ȗȣȓȈȚȤ ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ Ȋ ȚȐȠȐȕȍ șȚțȟȈȓȐ ȟȈșȣ
ȇ ȖȉȓȖȔȈȓ șȗȐȟȒț Ȑ Ȋșțȕțȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȏȔ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȉȍȏ ȗȧȚȐ ȔȐȕțȚ ȖȌȐȕ-
ȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ǸȣȟȈȡȐȑ ȌȎȈȏ-ȉȈȕȌ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȓșȧ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȏȈ șȚȍȕȈȔȐ ȊȏȔȣȊȈȧ ȉȍșȖȊ-
șȒȐȔ ȘȐȚȔȖȔ ǲȈȒ țȔȖȓȒȈȦȡȐȑ ȋȘȖȔ ȋȘȍȔȍȓȐ șȔȖȓȒȈȧ Ȓ ȕȖȟȐ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȐ

ȇ ȎȌȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȊȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒ ǲȐȚȈȧ ȊȖȑȌȍȚ ș ȝȘțȗȒȖȑ ș ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȍȑȠȍȑ ȗȖ-
ȘȖȟȕȖȑ ǴȈȌȓȍȕ Ȋ șȊȖȐ ȗȖȒȖȐ ǲȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȐșșȖȝȠȍȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȕȍȚ ȕȐȚȒț ȗȘȐ-
ȗȈșȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȎȍȔȟțȋȈ ȧ ȒȘȐȒȕț«
ǵȖ ȧ ȖȠȐȉșȧ
***
ǰȏ șȔȍȎȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓ șȓțȋȈ-ȒȐȚȈȑȟȖȕȖȒ Ȑ ȏȈȎȍȋ șȊȍȚ Ƕȕ Ȑ ȘȈșȗȈȝ-
ȕțȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ ȘȈȉșȒȐ șȖȋȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȦȕȖȠȍșȒȐ-ȓȍȋȒȖȑ ȗȖȝȖȌȒȖȑ ȊȖȠȍȓ
ǿȖȕ-ȌȏȖ ǵȐȒȈȒȐȝ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ Ȗȕ ǴȖȕȋȖȓ țȔȣȓ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ
ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȖȚ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȠȒȐ ȗȖȓȖȚȍȕȞȍ ș ȒȈȒȐȔȐ-ȚȖ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȏȕȈȒȈȔȐ ǶȕȐ
Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȣ ǲȖȋȌȈ ǿȖȕ-ȌȏȖ țȘȖȕȐȓ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȔȧȋȒȖȍ ȒȘȍșȓȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȏ-
ȊȖȓȐȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȘȈȏȌȍȚȤ ȊȍșȤ ȍȋȖ ȖȉȓȐȒ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓșȧ ǹȖȘȊȈȊ ȉȘȍȏȋȓȐȊȖ
ȗȈȘȐȒ Ȑ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȖȑ ȘțȉȈȝȍ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖȔ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖ-
ȒȖȑ ȌțȔȍ șȐȌȍȓ ȊȍȚȝȐȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ ș țșȚȈȊȠȐȔ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȐșȚȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȠȈȜȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ
ȞȊȍȚȈ ǷȘȐȒȘȣȊ ȓȣșȣȑ ȟȍȘȍȗ ȠȈȗȖȟȒȖȑ ȘȈșȠȐȚȖȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ ș ȒȖȘȈȓȓȖȊȣȔ
ȠȈȘȐȒȖȔ ȕȈ ȔȈȒțȠȒȍ ǿȖȕ-ȌȏȖ ȖȚȌȣȝȈȓ ǶȚȌȣȝȈȓ Ȋ ȠțȔȕȖȑ Ȑ ȋȓțȗȖȑ șȚȖȓȐȞȍ
ǹȘȍȌȕȍȑ ǭȊȘȖȗȣ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȎȘȍȞ ǿȖȕ-ȌȏȖ șȚȈȘȠȐȑ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȧ ǽȐ-
ȓȐȕ-ȟȖȖ ȕȈșȓȍȌȕȐȒ ȔțȌȘȖșȚȐ ȊȍȒȖȊȣȝ șȊȐȚȒȖȊ ș ȚȍȔȐ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȣȔȐ ȗȐșȤȔȍ-
ȕȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȏȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȌȖșțȋȖȔ ȧ șțȔȍȓ ȐȏțȟȐȚȤ
ǲȐȚȈȍȞ ȓȎȍȚ ȐșȒțșȕȍȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȣȑ ȔȖȏȋ ȉȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȍȑ Șȣ-
șȐ ǷȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȧ ȐȋȘȈȓ Ȋ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȍ ȘȖȓȤ ȕȖȊȖȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȐșșȚțȗȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȍȘȎȍȕȞȈ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ ȐșȚȖȡȈȧ șȊȖȐ șȐȓȣ ȕȈȌ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȤșȒȖȑ ȋȘȈȔȖȚȖȑ
ǵȖ ȧ ȖȚȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȓ șȊȖȐȝ ȝȖȏȧȍȊ ȏȈ ȋȖȌȣ ȚȦȘȤȔȣ Ȑ ȊȣȕțȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖșȓțȝ ȇ
șȎȍȋ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȤ ǽȐȓȐȕ-ȟȖȖ ș ȍȋȖ ȘȍȌȟȈȑȠȐȔ ȒȕȐȋȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȐȡȍȔ ȉȍȎȈȊ ȕȈ Ǩȓ-
ȚȈȑǿȖȕ-ȌȏȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș
— ǲ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȍȑ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȍ
ǵȈ ȖȒȕȈȝ țȗȈȓȐ ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȒȐ Ȑ ȠȚȖȘȣ ǹȔȐȘȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȈȊ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȣȑ ȓȐȓȖȊȣȑ
ȝȈȓȈȚ Ȑ ȔȧȋȒȐȍ ȚțȜȓȐ ȒȐȚȈȑȟȖȕȖȒ ȉȓȈȋȖȋȖȊȍȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȊȖȐȔ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȖȔ ǵȈ ȓȐ-
ȓȖȊȖȔ ȠȍȓȒț ȖȌȍȧȕȐȧ ȧ țȏȕȈȓ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȝ Șȣȉ ȖȏȍȘȈ
ǩȐȋȓȐ Ȑ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȍ șȊȍȚȐȓȖ ǷȖȌȕȍȉȍșȕȖȑ ǰȔȗȍȘȐȐ Ȑ ȏȕȈȒȐ ǴȐȕșȒȖȑ ȌȐȕȈșȚȐȐ
ȖȚȋȖȘȖȌȐȊȠȍȑ ǴȖȕȋȖȓȐȦ ȖȚ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȑ ǭȊȘȖȗȣ ǪȍȓȐȒȖȑ ǲȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ șȚȍȕȖȑ
ǺȖȕȒȈȧ ȞȐȕȖȊȒȈ Ȑ ȚȘțȉȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ǿȖȕ-ȌȏȖ ȒțȘȐȓ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȓȍȎȈ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȗȖȔ-
ȕȐȓȐ ȒțȔȐȘȕȦ ǴȈȓȤȟȐȠȒȈ ȗȘȐȕȍș Ȑ ȘȈșșȚȍȓȐȓ ȗȖȓțȒȘțȋȖȔ ȍȡȍ șȍȔȤ ȚȈȒȐȝ
Ȏȍ ȗȓȍȚȍȕȣȝ ȞȐȕȖȊȖȒ Ƕȕ ȏȈȎȍȋ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȉȘȖȕȏȖȊȣȑ șȊȍȚȐȓȤȕȐȒ ȌȣȔ ȖȚ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȗȈȝȕțȓ ȝȊȖȍȑ Ȑ ȔțșȒțșȖȔ ǷȖșȚȈȊȐȊ Ȋ ȐȏȋȖȓȖȊȤȍ ǿȖȕ-ȌȏȖ ȓȈȒȖȊȣȑ ȓȈȘȍȞ Ȑ
ȒȖșȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȓȉȖȔ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȗȘȐȗȈȊ ȋțȉȈȔȐ Ȓ ȚțȜȓȧȔ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ ȔȈȓȤ-
ȟȐȠȒȈ șȚȈȓ ȗȧȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ ǪȣȒȓȦȟȐȊ șȊȍȚ Ȗȕ Ȑșȟȍȏ
***

27
ǷȓȈȔȧ șȊȍȚȐȓȤȕȐȒȈ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȘȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȓȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔ,
ȌțȘȔȈȕȐȊȠȐȔ ȈȘȖȔȈȚȖȔ ǶȕȖ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȓȖ Ȕȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ǿȖȕ-ȌȏȖ ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȎȘȍȞ ȓȍ-
ȎȈȓ ȕȈ ȞȐȕȖȊȒȍ ȕȍ ȠȍȊȍȓȧșȤ Ȋ ȗȖȏȍ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȤȕȖȑ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȐ ǰȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ
ȊȌȣȝȈȓ ȌȣȔ Ȑȏ ȚȖȕȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȚȘțȉȒȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Țȓȍȓ ȠȈȘȐȒ ȖȗȐțȔȈ
ǪȘȍȔȧ țȝȖȌȐȓȖ
ǶȚȉȘȖșȐȊ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȚȘțȉȒț șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒ șȚȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȓ ȊȖșȚȖȒț Ȑ
țȗȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȕȈ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ Ƕȕ ȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȔȖȓȐȚȊț ȋȌȍ ȧ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȈȓ
— ǪȍȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖȔȖȋȐ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȚȤ
ǷȖșȓȍ ǿȖȕ-ȌȏȖ ȏȈȔȍȘ
ǫȌȍ-ȚȖ ȏȈ șȚȍȕȈȔȐ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȊșȝȓȐȗȕțȓȈ șȒȘȐȗȒȈ ȏȈȌȖȝȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ
ȕȍȘȊȖȏȕȖȑ ȐșȚȖȔȍ ȗȈțȏț ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȓȐ ȝȓȖȗȒȐ Ȑ ȗȤȧȕȣȍ ȒȘȐȒȐ
ǵȈ țȓȐȞȈȝ ȊȣșȒȈȒȐȊȈȧ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ țȋȓȖȊ ȍȡȍ ȗȖȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȝȓȍȡțȡȐȔȐ șȕȖȗȈȔȐ
ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȈ ȏȓȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȍȑ ȕȖ ȥȚȈȎȐ ȋȈșȓȐ Ȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȖȊȈ-
ȓȈȔȐ ȕȍȏȘȧȟȍ ȋȓȧȌȍȓȐ Ȋ ȕȖȟȤ ȖȒȕȈ
ǫȓțȉȖȒȖ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȊ ǿȖȕ-ȌȏȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȗȖ-ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐ ȊȕȧȚȕȖ Ȑ șȚȘȖȋȖ
— ǷȖȘȈ
Ƕȕ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȋȖȘșȚȤ șȔȖȓȐșȚȣȝ ȏȍȘȍȕ Ȋ șȊȍȚȐȓȤȕȐȒ Ȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȓȈșȤ
ȚȍȔ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȟȕȣȔ ȚțȔȈȕȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȗȍȘȍȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȖȒȍȈȕ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȊȍ-
ȟȍȕȐȧ ǴȍȘȞȈȦȡȈȧ ȋȖȓțȉȣȔ ȖȗȈȓȖȔ Ȋ ȏȈȊȐȚȒȈȝ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȍȑȠȍȑ ȖȘȝȐȌȍȐ ȒȈ-
ȟȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȗȘȖȗȓȣȓȈ ȔȍȌțȏȈ ǭȍ ȐșȚȈȧȊȠȐȍ ȡțȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȒȓțȉȈ-
ȔȐ ȌȣȔȈ
ǿȖȕ-ȌȏȖ șȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ǶȚȒȘȣȊ șȚȊȖȘȒȐ ȓȈȒȖȊȖȋȖ ȠȒȈȜȟȐȒȈ ȔȖȕȋȖȓ Ȋȣȕțȓ Ȑȏ
ȠȍșȚȐ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȑ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȣȍ ȒȖȒȖȕȣ Ȑ ȉȍȘȍȎȕȖ șȖȋȘȍȊ Ȑȝ șȊȖȐȔ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍȔ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȎȐȓ ȗȖ ȖȌȕȖȔț ȕȈ ȒȈȎȌțȦ ȞȐȕȖȊȒț ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȗȕ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȌșȣȗȈȓ Ȋ șȊȍȚȐȓȤȕȐȒ
ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ șȕȈȌȖȉȤȍ Ȑ ȌȣȔ — ȍȌȒȐȑ Ȑ ȚȖȠȕȖȚȊȖȘȕȣȑ — șȒȘȣȓ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋșȍ ȇ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȘțȠȐȓșȧ ȗȖȓȖȋ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȏȈȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȐ ȗȓȧȠțȡȐȍ
ȉȈȋȘȖȊȣȍ ȔȍȌțȏȣ ȖȗȓȍȚȈȊȠȐȍ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȎȈȓȧȡȐȔȐ ȝȊȖșȚȈȔȐ ȋȖȘȓȖ Ȑ ȧ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ
șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ
***
ȇ Ȗȟȕțȓșȧ ȖȚȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȧȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ
— ǴțȌȘȍȑȠȐȑ ȆȒȖȕ șȖșȚȈȊȐȚ ȋȘȈȔȖȚț Ȉ Ȋȣ Ȋșȍ șȒȘȍȗȐȚȍ ȍȍ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȗȍȟȈ-
ȚȧȔȐ ȕȖ ȉțȌȍȔ ȎȌȈȚȤ ǬȖȉȘȖȋȖ ȉȘȈȚȈ
ǹȊȍȚȐȓȤȕȐȒ ȔȐȋȈȧ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȓ ȚȍȕȐ
ǵȈ ȞȐȕȖȊȒȈȝ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȔ ȘȈȏȌțȔȤȍ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȟȓȍȕȣ ȚȈȑȕȖȋȖ șȖȊȍȚȈ ǰȝ ȉȣȓȖ
ȠȍșȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȇȘȒȐȍ ȒȖȜȚȣ Ȑȏ ȓȍȋȟȈȑȠȍȋȖ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȋȖ ȠȍȓȒȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȕȐ
ȉȣȓȐ Ȗȉȓȍȟȍȕȣ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȗȖ șȈȕț ȊȣșȠȐȔ șȈȕȖȊȕȐȒȈȔ ǮȍȓȚȖȑ ǰȔȗȍ-
ȘȐȐ ǰȝ șȚȈȘȠȐȕșȚȊȖ ȧ țȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȗȖ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖȔț ȠȈȘȐȒț ȕȈ ȔȈȒțȠȒȈȝ ȋȖȓȖȊ-
ȕȖȋȖ țȉȖȘȈ ǷȖ ȗȘȈȊțȦ ȘțȒț ȖȚ ǿȖȕ-ȌȏȖ ș ȏȈșȚȣȊȠȍȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑș-
ȚțȒȈȕȖȊ ǨȏȐȐ șȐȌȍȓ șȓȖȎȐȊ ȗȖȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȕȖȋȐ ȔȖȕȋȖȓ ș ȉȐȘȦȏȖȊȣȔ ȎȍȓțȌȍȔ
ȊȌȍȚȣȔ Ȋ ȔȈȓȈȝȐȚȖȊțȦ ȟȈȠȍȟȒț ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȆȒȖȕ ǭȋȖ ȉȘȖȊȐ — ȌȊȍ ȊȏȓȍȚȍȊȠȐȍ
șȚȘȍȓȣ — Ȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȔȍȦȡȐȍșȧ ȝȐȚȘȣȔȐ ȡȍȓȧȔȐ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ șȒțȓ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȔȕȖȋȖ

28
ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȔȐȕȐȈȚȦȘȈȝ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȕȐȋ
ǬȈȓȤȠȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ǵȈ Ȑȝ țȉȖȘȈȝ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȑ șȈȗȜȐȘ ȧȌȖ-
ȊȐȚȣȑ ȐȏțȔȘțȌ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȣȑ ȈȔȍȚȐșȚ ȘȈȌțȎȕȣȑ ȖȗȈȓ Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȈȓȔȈȏ
ǿȖȕ-ȌȏȖ Ȑ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ șȕȖȊȈ țȗȈȓȐ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȕȈ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȋȖ-
ȓȖș ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȓȐ
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȐȕ Ȑ ǻȟȐȚȍȓȤ ǷțșȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȍȌȓȐȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ǬȖȉȘȣȑ ȉȘȈȚ
ǰ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȖȚȒȐȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȋșȍ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ ǵȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ șȚȖȧȓ
șȘȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȘȖșȚȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ șȍȘȖȔ ȗȖȕȖȠȍȕȕȖȔ ȗȐȌȎȈȒȍ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȓȣș ș ȖșȚȘȖȑ
ȉȖȘȖȌȒȖȑ ș ȗȖȌșȚȘȐȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ țșȈȔȐ ȗȖȌȟȍȘȒȐȊȈȊȠȐȔȐ ȍȋȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȘț-
ȉȣȑ ȘȖȚ ǪȖȘȖȊșȒȐȍ Ȑ ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȍ ȘȈșȒȖșȣȍ ȔȖȕȋȖȓȤșȒȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ — ȧ Ȋȣ ȒȈȎ-
Ȍȣȑ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȎțȘȕȈȓȈȝ ȇ ȕȍ ȕȈȏȖȊț ȍȋȖ ȝȖȚȧ ȧ ȚȖȚȟȈș țȏȕȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȇ
ȕȍ ȕȈȏȖȊț ȍȋȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȍ ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȚȖ ȚȘȐ ȋȖȌȈ ȚȖȔț ȕȈ-
ȏȈȌ ȥȚȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ țȔȍȘ Ȑ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȗȖȌ șȚȍȕȈȔȐ ǲȘȍȔȓȧ — ȋȕȐȓȈȧ ȗȈȌȈȓȤ Ȑ ȊȓȈȌȣ-
ȒȈ șȚȖȓȍȚȐȧ
ȇ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȍ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǪȖȠȍȌȠȐȑ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ Ȓ ǿȖȕ-ȌȏȖ Ȑ ȕȈșȒȖȘȖ ȒȐȊȕțȊ
ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ șȖȊȍȚț ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș
— Bonsoir, messieurs! Êtes-vou prêts?!
ǪȔȍșȚȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ ǿȖȕ-ȌȏȖ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȋȘȈȔȖȚț ǪȣȕțȊ Ȑȏ ȉȖȒȖȊȖȋȖ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ Ȋȍȟ-
ȕȖȍ ȗȍȘȖ ȊȖȠȍȌȠȐȑ ȘȈșȗȐșȈȓșȧ ǴȖȕȋȖȓȣ ȕȈȋȘȍȊȈȧ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȐȓȤȕȐȒȍ ȒțșȖȟȒȐ
ȊȖșȒȈ ȗȘȐȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓȐ Ȓ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘț șȊȖȐ ȗȍȟȈȚȐ ǲȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȍȕȖ ǿȖȕ-
ȌȏȖ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȟȍȓ
— ǪȍȘȕȣȍ șȣȕȣ ǪȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ Ȋ ȊȍȒȈȝ șȓȈȊȕȍȑȠȍȋȖ ǺȊȖȘȞȈ Ȑ ǫȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ ȊȕȐȔȈȧ
șȖȊȍȚț ǬȖȉȘȖȋȖ ȉȘȈȚȈ ȗȘȐȕȧȊȠȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȖ Ȑ ȗȓȖȚȤ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȋȖ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȈ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȊȠȐ
ȊșȍȓȍȕȕȖȑ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȊ ȔțȌȘȖșȚȤ ȧșȕțȦ ȘȈȏțȔȈ ȒȘȈșț Ȗȟȍȑ ȗȘȍȌȒȖȊ ȒȓȧȕțȚșȧ ȐȔȍ-
ȕȍȔ ǪȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ǷȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȏȈȟȈȚȐȧ Ȋ ȌȕȐ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȐȍ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȐȚȤ Ȓ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȦ
ȌȍȓȈ Ȑȏ Ȍȍȓ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕȐȦ ȓȐȞȈ ȊȍȟȕȖȑ ǨȏȐȐ Ȑ ȍȍ șȍșȚȍȘ ȖȚ ȚȘțșȓȐȊȣȝ Ȑ ȗȖȌ-
ȓȣȝ ȕȈșȐȓȤȕȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȊȖȘȖȊ ǹȚȈȘȠȐȑ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒ Ȑ ȉȘȈȚ ǿȖȕ-ȌȏȖ ȎȍȘȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȗȉ-
ȓȍȒȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈȔȐ Ȋ ȠțȚȖȊșȒȖȑ ȕȈȘȧȌ ȓȐȞȍȌȍȧ ǹȚȈȘȠȐȑ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒ Ȑ ȉȘȈȚ ǿȖȕ-
ȌȏȖ ȖȉȘȍȔȍȕȧȍȚșȧ ȕȈȔȐ — ǹȖȊȍȚȖȔ ǹȍȔȐ — ȗȘȐ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȐ ș ȋȓȈȊȖȑ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚ-
ȊȈ ȒțȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȉȣȓ Ȋ ȟȈș ȊȍȟȍȘȕȍȑ ȏȈȘȐ ȊȘțȟȈȧ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȋȘȈȔȖȚȣ ȖȚȘȈ-
ȊȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖșȍȧȚȤ ȉțȘȦ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ șȔțȚȣ ȋȕȍȊȈ ǫȘȈȔȖȚț ȥȚț șȒȘȍȗȐȓȐ ȌȍȚȐ Ǫȍ-
ȓȐȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ǪșȍȗȘȈȊȍȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ǩȓȈȋȖțȝȈȕȕȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȍ ȗȓȖȚȤȦ ȎȐȊȣȍ ȊȍȟȕȖ-
șȚȤȦ
Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȖȔ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȟȐȝȕțȓ Ȑ șȊȍȚȐȓȤȕȐȒ ȗȖȋȈș
ǭȌȒȐȑ ȌȣȔ ȖȉȎȍȋ Ȕȕȍ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ ȧ ȏȈȌȖȝȕțȓșȧ ȗȈȌȈȧ ȊȕȖȊȤ Ȋ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȉȍȏȌȕț
***
ȇ Ȗȟȕțȓșȧ ȖȚ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȈ Țȍȓȍȋ ȇ țȏȕȈȓ ȥȚȖȚ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȑ ȋȘȖȔ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ șȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ ȘȈșșȊȍȚ Ȋ ȉȍșșȖȕȕȣȍ ȕȖȟȐ ȅȚȖ ȊȍȏȓȐ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ȋ ȍȋȖ țȚȘȖȉȣ ȔȖ-
ȓȖȒȖ Ȋ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȑ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȖșțȌȍ
ǿȖȕ-ȌȏȖ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈȌ ȧȡȐȟȒȈȔȐ ȠȒȈȚțȓȒȐ ǶȒȕȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȚȒȘȣ-
Țȣ ȕȈșȚȍȎȤ ȕȖ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȍȡȍ șȚȍȓȐȓșȧ ȌȣȔ ȖȚ ȏȓȣȝ ȐșȗȈȘȍȕȐȑ șȊȍȚȐȓȤȕȐȒȈ

29
ǵȈ ȞȐȕȖȊȒȈȝ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȠȍșȚȤ ȒȖȒȖȕȖȊ ȠȍȓȒȖȗȘȧȌȈ Ȑ ȋȘȈȔȖȚȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȉȓȍ-
șȚȍȓ ȊȖșȒ ȗȍȟȈȚȍȑ
ǹȊȍȘȕțȊ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȤ ȔȖȕȋȖȓ țȓȖȎȐȓ Ȋ ȓȈȒȖȊțȦ ȠȒȈȚțȓȒț ȒȖȒȖȕȣ Ȑ șȉȘȖșȐȊ
ș șȍȉȧ ȝȈȓȈȚ ȓȍȋ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ ȇ ȎȌȈȓ ȗȖȒțȌȈ Ȗȕ ȏȈșȕȍȚ ȇ ȎȌȈȓ ȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȔȖȋț ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȤ ȗȖȓȖȋ
ǹȒȘȦȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȣȑ șȚȈȘȖșȚȤȦ ȗȖȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȓȍȎȈȓ ǿȖȕ-ȌȏȖ — ȗȍȘȊȖșȊȧ-
ȡȍȕȕȐȒ Ȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȐȑ ȒȖȓȌțȕ ǴȖȕȋȖȓȐȐ Ƕȕ ȠȈȔȒȈȓ ȋțȉȈȔȐ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȊȏȌȣ-
ȝȈȓ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ ȌȣȠȈȚȤ ȘȖȊȕȍȍ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ǿȖȕ-ȌȏȖ șȗȐȚ ǺȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȧ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ șȊȍșȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț ǿȖȕ-ȌȏȖ ȕȍ ȠȍȊȍȓȐȓșȧ ȇ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ ȕȈ-
ȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ȕȈȌ șȚȈȘȐȒȖȔ ǿȖȕ-ȌȏȖ șȗȈȓ ș ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ — ȗȖȚțȝȠȐȔȐ
ȔȍȘȚȊȣȔȐ ȇ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ ȕȖ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ Ȓ ȠȒȈȚțȓȒȍ ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ țȕȍșȚȐ ȍȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ șȏȈȌȐ ȞȍȗȒȐȍ ȋȖȓȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȈȝȓȖ ȚȍȔ
ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȏȈȗȈȝȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȐșțȡ ȎȍȓȚȖȒȖȎȐȔ
ȇ ȘȊȈȕțȓșȧ ȕȖ ǿȖȕ-ȌȏȖ ȏȈȠȐȗȍȓ
— ǰȌȐ ș ȕȈȔȐ
ǵȖ ȧ șțȔȍȓ ȖȉȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȑ ǿȖȕ-ȌȏȖ țȏȕȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ — ȗȖșȓțȠȕȐȒȈ
ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȧ ǽȐȓȐȕ-ȟȖȖ ǷȖȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍȦ ȕȈ șȍȒțȕȌț ȖșȓȈȉȐȓ Ȗȕ șȊȖȍ ȖȉȢȧ-
ȚȐȍ ȕȖ șȗȖȝȊȈȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ȗȖȚȈȡȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ ȖȒȕț ȇ ȗȘȖȐȋȘȣȊȈȓ ȎȐȏȕȤ — ȔȖȐ Șț-
ȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ șȎȈȚȣ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȑ ȝȊȈȚȒȖȑ ȔȖȕȋȖȓȈ ǺțȚ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓ șȖȊȍȚ
ǲȖșȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȗȖșȓȍ ȉțȑȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȎȌȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ-
ȕȐȒȈ ȏȈȊȓȈȌȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ țȌȈȟȕȖȑ ȗȖȏȐȞȐȍȑ ȕȈȌȖ țȌȈȘȐȚȤ Ȋ ȕȐȎȕȦȦ ȟȍȓȦșȚȤ.
ȇ ȊȚȧȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȋ ȗȓȍȟȐ ȏȈȎȔțȘȐȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȐȓȣ ȚȘȍșȕțȓ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ Ȋ
ȗȖȌȉȖȘȖȌȖȒ
ǯțȉȣ ǿȖȕ-ȌȏȖ ȓȧȏȋȕțȓȐ ǸȈșȒȐȕțȊ ȘțȒȐ Ȗȕ șȊȈȓȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȖȒȖȕȕȐȒ ǷȖș-
ȓȍȌȕȐȔ ȍȋȖ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȉȣȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣȑ ȎȍșȚ Ȑ ȏȈȒȓȧȚȤȍ ȕȈ ȌȘȍȊȕȍ-
ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ǵȖ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ țȎȍ ǹ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖȑ ȓȍȋ-
ȒȖșȚȤȦ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȧ ȊȣșȖȝȠȍȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈ Ȑ șȚȖȓȒȕțȓ ȍȋȖ ȊȕȐȏ ǷȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȊ-
ȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ șȖ șȊȐșȚȖȔ ȖȕȖ ȋȘțȏȕȖ țȝȕțȓȖ Ȗ ȚȘȖȚțȈȘ ȇ ȍȡȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ Ȋ
ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȑ ȔțȒȍ ȕȖȋȚȐ ǿȖȕ-ȌȏȖ ȞȈȘȈȗȈȓȐ ȈșȜȈȓȤȚ
ǹȝȊȈȚȐȊ ȋȘȈȔȖȚț ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȊ ȗȐȕȒȖȔ ȕȖȋȐ ȏȈȚȘȍȡȈȊȠțȦ ȠȒȈȚțȓȒț ȧ Ȋȣȉȍ-
ȎȈȓ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ ǵȈȊșȚȘȍȟț Ȕȕȍ ȕȍșșȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȐșȒȈȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȌȖ ȎțȚȐ ȏȕȈȒȖ-
ȔȣȔ ȉȍȓȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧ țȏȕȈȓ ȘȈșȠȐȉȠȐșȤ Ȗ ȝȖȓȖȌȕțȦ ȋȓȈȌȤ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȈ
ǹȐȓȣ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ șȐȓȣ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȍ ȕȖȋȐ ȇ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ǩȕ-
ȌțȓȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȈșȚ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȘȈȏȣșȒȈȊ ȍȍ ȧ ȕȍ ȖȠȐȉșȧ
***
Ǫ șțȔȍȘȒȐ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȊȣȑȌȧ ȕȈ țȓȐȞț ȧ ȟȐȚȈȓ Ȋ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȍȑ ȓȐșȚȖȊȒȍ șȖȖȉ-
ȡȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖȔ șȈȔȖțȉȐȑșȚȊȍ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȋȖ ȌȐȗȓȖȔȈȚȈ ǵȖ ȧ ȉȣȓ șȗȖȒȖȍȕ
Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȦ ȇ ȕȈșȚȖȧȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȉȖ Ȕȕȍ ȌȖȓȖȎȐȓȐ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȔț ȒȖ-
ȔȐșșȈȘț ȅȚȖ Ȕȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȖȓȋȐȝ ȝȓȖȗȖȚ
ǶȉȘȦȏȋȠȐȑ ȚȖȓșȚȧȒ șȓțȠȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ș ȕȍșȒȘȣȊȈȍȔȣȔ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ Ȑ ȓțȒȈ-
ȊȣȔ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍȔ ǲȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȧ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȓ ȘȖȒȖȊțȦ ȋȘȈȔȖȚț ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȈ ȧ Ȗș-

ȚȖȓȉȍȕȍȓ ȖȚ ȌȖșȈȌȣ Ȑ ȖȉȐȌȣ ǵȈ ȉȓȈȕȒȍ ©ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐ-ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖª ȖȚȍȓȧ ©ǬȊȖ-
ȘȍȞ ǸȈȌȖșȚȐª ȉȣȓ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕ ȗȘȍȑșȒțȘȈȕȚ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȝ ȊȐȕ Ȑ ȜȈȒșȐȔȐȓȍ ȍȋȖ ȊȓȈ-
ȌȍȓȤȞȍȊ

ǻǼȅǻǮȍ ǽǾǼǱȁǹǸǮ

32
I
ǬȍȊȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǵȖȟȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȈ ȎȍȓȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȘȖȏȌȣȝȈ ǭȋȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ Ȋ ȐȦȕȍ Ȋ ȐȦ-
ȓȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȈșȜȈȓȤȚȍ ȚȘȖȚțȈȘȖȊ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȚȘȧșȐȕȈ ȊȧȏȓȈ șȚțȗȕȧ Ȉ Ȏȍȓȍȏ-
ȕȣȍ ȠȈȚȘȣ ȒȘȣȠ ȏȈȊȖȓȈȒȐȊȈȓȐșȤ țȌțȠȈȦȡȍȑ ȒȖȗȖȚȤȦ ȜȈȉȘȐȒ Ȑ ȧȌȖȊȐȚȖ-ȋȖ-
ȓțȉȣȔ ȌȣȔȒȖȔ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȍȑ
ǲȘȈșȈȊȐȞȣ ȦȕȖșȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ țȎȍ ȔȐȕțȓȈ ȕȖ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȈ ȐȔ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȎȍȔȟț-
ȋȖȊ — ȈȒȈȞȐȐ ȖȚȞȊȍȚȈȦȡȐȍ ȕȈ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘȍ — ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ țȎȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ țȚȍȠȐȚȤ
ǪȖȕȤ ȒȐșȓȖȋȖ ȗȐȊȈ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȧȓȈ Ȑȝ ȗȈȓȍȊȣȍ ȋȘȖȏȌȤȧ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȊȐșȠȐȍ șȘȍȌȐ
ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ ȊȍȚȊȍȑ
ǵȖȟȤ țȗȈȓȈ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȣ ȌțȠȕȣȔ ȗȖȓȖȋȖȔ ǯȊȍȏȌȣ șȐȧȓȐ ȗȈșȚțȝȈȔ Ȑ ȔȖȘȧȒȈȔ.
ǵȖ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȕȍȉȖ ȖșȓȍȗȓȖ
ǷȘȖȜȍșșȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȉȍȏȌȍȓȤȕȐȒȐ — ȉȈȘȖȕ Ȑ ȧ — șȊȍȘȕțȓȐ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț Ȋ ȗȍ-
ȘȍțȓȖȒ ȐșȗțȋȈȓȐ ȒȖȠȒț ȕȈ ȗțșȚȖȑ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ ȗȖȎȐȘȈȊȠțȦ ȖȚȉȘȖșȣ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȓ ©ȇȌȖȊȐȚȖȑ ȝȐȎȐȕȍª ǵȖ ȧ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ ț ȕȍȗȘȐȔȍȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȗȖȘȚȈ-
ȓȈ ǪȔȍșȚȖ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȋȖ ȋȍȘȉȈ ȍȋȖ ȊȍȘȝ ȊȍȕȟȈȓȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȎȈȉȈ ȊȣșȍȟȍȕȕȈȧ Ȑȏ ȒȈȔ-
ȕȧ ǮȍșȚȖȒȐȍ Țțȗȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȍ ȊȗȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȘȖȝȖȎȍȋȖ ǯȘȈȟȒȐ ȗȖȌȞȊȍȟȍȕȕȣȍ
ȧȘȒȐȔ șțȘȐȒȖȔ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȌȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȖȚȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ
— ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ȔȍȘȏȖșȚȤ — ȊȣȘȊȈȓȖșȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȔȖȕȖȒȓȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȓțȟ-
Ƞȍ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ ȋȕțșȕȖȍ ȐȏȊȈȧȕȐȍ ǷȖ ȘȈșȚȧȕțȚȖȔț ȘȚț ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȋȈȌȈ ȗȖȗȖȓȏ-
ȓȈ țȓȣȉȒȈ ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȗȖȓȖșȒȈ șȊȍȚȈ ȖȚ ȘȈșȒȘȣȊȠȍȑșȧ ȌȊȍȘȐ
— Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȉȈȘȖȕ ȡțȘȧ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȣȍ ȉȓȐȏȖȘțȒȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ȖȗțȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȘȣȎȐȔȐ ȘȍșȕȐȞȈȔȐ — ȅȚȖ ȊȏȈȔȍȕ ȊȣȊȍșȒȐ ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ
ȥȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȉȈȒȈ" Ƕȕ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ©ǻ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȎȈȉȣª ǳȦȉȐȔȖȍ ȔȍșȚȍȟȒȖ
ǵȖ șȓȖȊ ȉȈȘȖȕȈ ȧ ȕȍ ȌȖșȓȣȠȈȓ ǹ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȖȔ ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȐȓȈșȤ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖ-
ȋȍ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȧșȤ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȗȤȧȕȣȑ ǶȋȓȧȌȍȊ ȕȈș Ȗȕ țȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ
ȟȍȘȍȏ șȗȐȕț
— Ǩ" ǲȈȒȖȊȈ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȒȈ ȦȉȐȓȧȘȈ" Ƕȕ ȚȈȔ ǾȍȌȐȚ ȟȍȘȍȏ țșȣ ©ȓȍȎȈȒª Ȑ șȖ-
șȍȚ ©ȜȈȑȜȒțª ǰȔȍȕȍȔ ǩȖȋȈ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȦ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȒȈȟȕțȓșȧ țȝȊȈȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ȏȈ ȒȖșȧȒ
— ǹȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȦ ȊȈș  ȒȘȈșȈȊȞȍȊ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȏȕȈȟȈȚ" Ǩ" ǪȣȌȍȘȎȒȈ
ǵȖ Ȕȣ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ ǺȖȋȌȈ, ȖȏȓȐȊȠȐșȤ ȗȤȧȕȐȞȈ ȘȧȊȒȕțȓ
— ǹȍȔȤȌȍșȧȚ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ ȍȔț ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ" ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȌȍȕȤ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ
ǰ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȗȕ șȖ ȏȊȖȕȖȔ ȌȘȍȉȍȏȎȈȡȍȋȖ șȚȍȒȓȈ ȘȊȈȕțȓ ȍȍ ȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȊ ȕȈșȚȍȎȤ
— ǴȐșȚȘ ǪȖȓȤȔțȚ ǵȈȓȐȞȖ ǫȓȧȌȐȚȍ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ șȐȌȍȊȠȐȑ ȏȈ ȒȘțȎȒȖȑ ȗȐȊȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ǬȍȊȐȟȍșȒȐ-ȧșȕȣȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ
ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣ ǵȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȍȒțȕȌț Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȊșȗȣȝȕțȓȖ ȉȍȠȍȕșȚȊȖ Ƕȕ
ȖȚȒȐȕțȓ ȚȘțȉȒț ȕȈ șȚȖȓ ȗȖȌȓȍȚȍȓ Ȓ ȗȤȧȕȐȞȍ Ȑ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȔ țȌȈȘȖȔ șȉȐȓ ȍȋȖ ș ȗȖ-
ȘȖȋȈ ǷȈȌȈȧ ȚȖȚ ȊșȒȐȕțȓ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȏȈȚȣȓȒȖȔ ȊȣȉȐȓ șȚȍȒȓȖ
ǪȖȓȤȔțȚ șȚȖȧȓ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏȋȕȍȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȘȖȒ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȓȍȗȐȓȐ

33
Ȑ ȕȖȏȌȘȐ ȘȈȏȌțȊȈȓȐșȤ ȖȚ ȧȘȖșȚȐ
ǩȈȘȖȕ Ƞȍȗȕțȓ
— ǰȌȍȔȚȍ ȐȌȍȔȚȍ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍȚ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȐ
ǰ ȕȍ ȖȉȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȕȣ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓȐ ȏȈ țȋȖȓ
— ǲȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ șȚȈȘȐȒ" ǰ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȏȌȍșȤ © ȒȘȈșȈȊȞȍȊª"
— ǪȖȓȤȔțȚ ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȓȐșȤ" ǷȈȓȈȟ ǸȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȐ
II
©ȆȕȖșȚȤª
ǶșȚȘȖ țȒȖȓȖȊ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓ ȉțȒȍȚȐȒ ȊȧȕțȡȐȝ ȋȊȖȏȌȐȒ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ șȚȈȘțȝȐ
ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȕȍșȚȍȘȗȐȔțȦ ȌțȝȖȚț ȗȘȐȒȘȣȊȠȍȑ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȗȓȈȚȒȖȔ ǪȖȓȕțȦȡȐȑ
ȈȘȖȔȈȚ ȕȈȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȚȖȚ țȋȖȓ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ țȚȖȕțȓ Ȋ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȔ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȔ
ȒȈȒ șȖȕ ȇ țȘȖȕȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț ț ȊȍșȍȕȕȍȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȟȈȑȒȐ
ǵȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȕȈȧ ȓȈȌȖȕȤ ȓȍȋȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ ȡȍȒț ©ǹȗȈșȐȉȖ ȏȈ șȟȈșȚȤȍª ǰ
ȓȖȊȒȐȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗȐȓȐ Ȓ ȒȖșȚȦȔț ȋȊȖȏȌȐȒȐ ǷȈȔȧȚȤ ǭșȚȤ ȓȐ ȉȘȍȔȧ Țȧȋ-
ȟȍ" ǲȚȖ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȋȖȌ ȧ ȉțȌț țȒȘȣȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȋȘȖȉț ȚȈȒȐȔȐ Ȏȍ ȞȊȍȚȈȔȐ ȗȘȖșȚ-
Șȍȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȐșȖȒ"
ǪȖ ȌȊȖȘȍ ȋȌȍ ȊȐȏȎȈȓȐ ȌȍȚȐ Ȉ Ȋ ȊȍȟȕȖșȚȤ ȓȍȚȍȓȖ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍȍ ȒȖȓȍșȖ ȚȐȗȖ-
ȋȘȈȜșȒȖȑ ȔȍȘȕȖ șȚțȟȈȊȠȍȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȏȈȗȍȓȈ ȠȈȘȔȈȕȒȈ
©ǲȈȒ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈ ȦȕȖșȚȤª
ȇ țȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȉȈȘȖȕȈ
— ǷȖȋȖȌȐȚȍ ȌȈȊȈȑȚȍ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȍȔ ǫȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȥȚȈ ȗȍșȍȕȒȈ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ ȋȍȘȞȖ-
ȋț ǳȖȘȍȕȞȖ ǪȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȖȔț ǲȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȍȍ șȓțȠȈȦ ȧ ȖȡțȡȈȦ șȔȍȘȚȤ
ǩȈȘȖȕ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ ǵȖ Ȕȕȍ ȥȚȖ țȎȍ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȖȔ ȕȈȌȖȍȓȖ
— ǪȈȠȍ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȐȍ șȕȖȉȈ — ȔȈșȒȈ ȓȐȟȐȕȈ ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȋȣ ȗȘȧȟȍȚȍ șȖȉ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ țȔȐȘȈȕȐȍ ǷȍȘȍșȚȈȕȤȚȍ țȓȣȉȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȓțȟȠȍ ǹȔȍȘȚȤ
ȖȉȕȈȋȓȍȓȈ Ǫ ȌȍȚșȒȐȝ șȒȈȏȒȈȝ ȖȕȈ ȗțȋȈȓȈ ȕȈș ȖșȚȘȖȑ ȒȖșȖȑ ȋȖȓȣȔ ȟȍȘȍȗȖȔ Ǻȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ ȍȍ ȊȕȍȠȕȖșȚȤ ȉțȌȕȐȟȕȍȑ Ȑ ȖȗȈșȕȍȑ ǶȕȈ ȖȉȓȍȒȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȔȖȒȐȕȋ
— ǰ ȕȖșȐȚ ȔȖȕȖȒȓȤ" ȅȚȖȚ ȖȉȘȈȏ Ȋȣ șȚȧȕțȓȐ ț ǸȖȗșȈ
— ǵȍ ȧȏȊȐȚȍ
ȇ ȖȚȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȖȚ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȘțȋȈ ȀȈȘȔȈȕȒȈ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓȈ
©ǲȈȒ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈ ȦȕȖșȚȤª
ǷȍȘȍȊȍȌȧ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȡȐȞț ȧ ȖșȚȖȓȉȍȕȍȓ ǷȖȌȕȧȊ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ
ȊȣșȖȒȖȍ ȏȈȓȐȚȖȍ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔ șȐȧȕȐȍȔ ȖȒȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ — Ȋ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȍ Ȋ ȋȖ-
Șȍ
— ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȚȈȔ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȋȣ ȗȓȈȟȍȚȍ"
ǶȕȈ ȔȈȝȕțȓȈ ȘțȒȖȑ ǭȍ ȋțȉȣ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ

— ǪȐȎț" ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȧȘțșȣ ȖȗȍȘȣ ǭȋȖ ǪȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋȣ țȎȍ ȕȐȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȕȍ țȊȐȌȐȚȍ șțȌȈȘȤ
ȇ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȕȐȐ
— ǵȖ ȏȈȟȍȔ Ȏȍ ȗȓȈȒȈȚȤ"
— ȇ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȓȈȟț ȒȖȋȌȈ șȓȣȠț ©ȆȕȖșȚȤª ǪȍȌȤ ȧ ȐȔȍȓȈ ȍȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ
ǰ ȘȍȟȐȚȈȚȐȊȖȔ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈ
— ©ǵȍȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȊȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȏȈȊȚȘȈª
ǪȣȝȊȈȚȐȊ Ȋșȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȟȚȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȧ șțȕțȓ Ȑȝ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȡȐȞȍ șȖȉȘȈȓ Ȋ
ȖȝȈȗȒț ȋȊȖȏȌȐȒȐ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓ Ȑȝ Ȓ ȍȍ ȕȖȋȈȔ ǺȖȘȖȗȧșȤ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓ ȍȍ ȘțȒț ȖȉȍȏȖȉȘȈ-
ȎȍȕȕțȦ ȋȖȌȈȔȐ Ȑ ȋȘȧȏȤȦ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȗȘȖȟȤ
— Ǫȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ǬȖȕ-ǲȐȝȖȚ ȕȖ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȧȡȐȑ ȍȋȖ ȋȓțȗȖ-
șȚȤȦ ȊȖ șȚȖ ȘȈȏ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ țȝȖ ȉȈȘȖȕ ȌȖȋȖȕȧȧ
ȇ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ
— ǻȉȐȘȈȑȚȍșȤ Ȓ ȌȤȧȊȖȓț ǲȚȖ ȥȚȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ"
— ǹțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȈȧ ȧșȕȖ
ǵȖ ȧ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒȖȔț
— ǵȍ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȓȐ Ȋȣ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȒȚȖ ȥȚȈ șȚȈȘțȝȈ ȚȈȔ ȕȈ țȋȓț
— ǷȘȖȝȖȌȐȚȍ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȚȍ ǿȚȖ Ȋȣ ȊȏȌțȔȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȥȒȏȈȔȍȕȖȊȈȚȤ"
— ǭȑ-ǩȖȋț Ȏȍ, ȕȍȚ
— ǷȘȖȝȖȌȐȚȍ ȧ ȘȍȋțȓȐȘțȦ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ" — ǰ, țȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȘțȒȖȑ ȏȈȚȧ-
ȕțȚȖȑ Ȋ ȉȍȓțȦ ȗȍȘȟȈȚȒț ȌȖȘȖȋț ȔȟȈȡȍȔțșȧ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȦ Ȗȕ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ
șȊȖȦ ȊȈȎȕȖșȚȤ — ȅȚȖ ȉȣȊȠȈȧ șȖȓȐșȚȒȈ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȦȕȞȖȔ
ǳțȒȈȊȖ ȗȖȊȍȓ Ȗȕ ȉȘȖȊȤȦ Ȑ țȝȔȣȓȧȧșȤ ȕȈȏȊȈȓ ȐȔȧ ȐșȟȍȏȕțȊȠȍȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ
ȌȍȘȎȈȊȕȖȑ ǰȔȗȍȘȐȐ

ǱǼǿȀȊ

36
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȏȈ ȕȈȔȐ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓȈșȤ ȌȊȍȘȤ ©ǨȓȚȈȘȧ ȓțȕȣª ȉȈȘȖȕ Ȗȕ Ȏȍ — ǷȘȖ-
ȜȍșșȖȘ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȕȈȗȍȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȗȍșȍȕȒț Ȗ ©ǿȍȘȕȖȔ ȎȍȔȟțȋȍª ǵȖ ȧ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț ǷȖșȓȍ șȓțȟȈȧ Ȋ ©ǨȓȚȈȘȍ ȓțȕȣª Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȌȖ ȗȍșȍȕ ǽȖȚȧ Ȕȍ-
ȓȖȌȐȧ ȎȈȓȧȡȈȧ ȋȖȘȤȒȖȑ ȕȍȎȕȖșȚȤȦ ȗȓȣȓȈ ȒȈȟȈȧșȤ ȏȊȍȕȍȓȈ Ȑ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȔȖȏ-
ȋț ȇ ȊșȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȗȖȉȖȘȖȚȤ ȍȍ ȒȖȓȌȖȊșȚȊȖ ǷȖȟȍȔț ȊȓȈȌȍȍȚ ȚȈȑȕȖȑ ȥȚȖȚ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȗȖȒȖȘȧȍȚ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȔȍȞ ȉȍȏ ȐȔȍȕȐ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȦȡȐȑ șȍȉȧ ȉȈȘȖ-
ȕȖȔ ǷȈȋȈȕȐȕȐ șȣȕȖȔ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȔțȏȣȒȈȕȚȈ"
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȧ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȓȎȍȞȈ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȓȐ Ȗȕ șȖȟȐȕȧȧ șȊȖȍ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍ-
ȕȐȍ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ țȔȍȘ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ șȒȘȐȗȈȟ ǷȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— Ƕȉ ȥȚȖȔ Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȍȡȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȧ
— Ǩ șȒȘȐȗȒȈ ȏȈȊȍȡȈȕȕȈȧ ǫȍȕțȍ" Ǩ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ"
— Ǫ ǫȍȕțȦ ȏȈȚȍșȈȓșȧ ȘțȔȣȕșȒȐȑ ȍȊȘȍȑ ȗȖȌȈȘȐȊȠȐȑ ȋȖȘȖȌț țȒȘȈȌȍȕȕȣȑ
Ȑȏ ǪȈȚȐȒȈȕșȒȖȑ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȐ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ ǫȊȈȘȕȍȘȐ
ȇ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȉȍȠȍȕșȚȊȍ
— ǺȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȗȖ-ȊȈȠȍȔț, Ȑ ȅȕȋȘ ȕȍ ȘȐșȖȊȈȓ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȈ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ©ȖȚȞȈª" ǰȓȐ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȅȕȋȘ ȚȖȎȍ țȔȍȘ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȌȍȊȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȖȋȖ ȊȍȒȈ"
ǷȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ
— ǴȖȑ ȖȚȍȞ ȉȣȓ țȘȖȌȓȐȊ ȒȈȒ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȊȈȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȅȕȋȘ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ
ȅȕȋȘ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓșȧ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȖȔ Ǩ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ Ȕț-
ȏȍȧȔ ȒȕȐȋȈȔ Ȑ ȊȈȔ — ȗȖȌȌȍȓȒȈ ȓȖȊȒȖȋȖ ȕȖ ȉȍȏȋȘȈȔȖȚȕȖȋȖ ȈȕȚȐȒȊȈȘȈ șȗțȚȈȊ-
ȠȍȋȖ șȘȖȒȐ ȅȕȋȘ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ ǯȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȑ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ
țȔȍȘ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȍȋȖ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ
ǰ, ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȊ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȈȊȕȐȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ©ǵȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȏȍ ȊȖȚ
ȥȚȖȚ ȧȊȕȣȑ ȓȋțȕ ȊȓȈȌȍȍȚ ȚȈȑȕȖȑ? ǪȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ Ȏȍ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȈª ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ
ȕȖȟȤ țȉȍȌȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ǲȘȣȓȤȧ ȗȍșȕȐ ȗȘȖȕȏȈȓȐ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȣȑ ȋțȓ ȒȈȉȈȒȈ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȊ-
ȠȍȋȖșȧ Ȋ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ șȐȋȈȘȕȖȔ ȌȣȔț ǷȍșȕȤ ȘȈșșȍȒȓȈ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȕȕȣȍ ȌțȠȐ
ȗȖȓțȕȖȟȕȐȒȖȊ Ȋ ȉȍȏțȔȐȐ Ȑ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȐ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈ ȘȈȏȘȣȊȈȊȠȐȝ ȕȈ șȍȉȍ ȚțȋȖ ȕȈ-
ȒȘȈȝȔȈȓȍȕȕȣȍ șȖȘȖȟȒȐ ǶȕȐ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ ȚȖȑ ȒȚȖ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȏȊȍȏȌȕȖȑ ȊȣșȐ ȊȚȖȘȐ-
ȓȈ șȒȘȐȗȒȍ ȉȈȘȖȕȈ ǶȕȐ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ
— ǼȈȕȕȐ Ǻȣ — Ȉȕȋȍȓ șȔȍȘȚȐ
ǵȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ș ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȊȖșȒȖȊȖȑ ȏȈȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȒțȒȓȣ Ȑ țșȕțȊȠȐȔȐ ȘȍșȕȐ-
ȞȈȔȐ ȠȍȗȕțȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ǷȖșȓȍ ȏȈ șȚȖȓȐȒȖȔ ȏȈȗțșȚȐȊ Ȋ ȔȖȦ ȓȈȌȖȕȤ ȖșȚȘȣȍ ȓȈȒȐ-
ȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȕȖȋȚȐ
— ǰ Țȣ — ǶȕȈ șȚȐșȕțȓȈ ȖȚ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șțȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȏțȉȣ ȕȈ șȓȖȊȍ ©Țȣ». — ǰ
Țȣ ȊȍȘȐȠȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖ"
— ǪȖ ȟȚȖ"
— ǹȒȘȐȗȒȍ ȐȔ
— Ǩ ǵȍȚ ȕȍȚ ȇ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȦ ȌȈȎȍ ȒȈȔȕȧȔ ȔȖșȚȖȊȖȑ
— ǲȈȎȌȈȧ ȗóȘȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȎȌȈȧ ȗyȘȈ ȚȍȓȈ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ șȚȖȐȚ ȍȋȖ Ȑȝ ©Ȉȕȋȍȓ
șȔȍȘȚȐª — ǶȕȈ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓȈșȤ ǰ ȔȖȐȝ ȋțȉ ȡȍȒȖȟțȡȍ ȒȖșȕțȓȈșȤ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȐșȚȈȧ
ȗȈțȚȐȕȈ ȊȖȓȖș — ǰ ȕȍțȎȍȓȐ Țȣ ȍȋȖ ȌȘțȋ"
— ǼȈȕȕȐ ǵȍȚ ȌȖȉȘȣȝ ȐȓȐ ȏȓȣȝ ȍșȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟȕȣȍ
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍȚ ǹȓțȠȈȑ Țȣ ǹȓțȠȈȑ ǩȈȘȖȕ ǷțșȚȤ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȈ ȒȈȎȌȈȧ
ȒȈȗȓȧ ȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȊȐ ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȓȎȍȞ ȌȤȧȊȖȓ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȕȍȋȖ ȐȋȘȈȍȚ ȕȈ șȒȘȐȗȒȍ ǵȈ Șț-
ȒȈȝ ȧ ț ȕȍȋȖ ǺȈȒ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ țȕȖșȧȚ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ ǷȖȌȕȐȔȈȓ ȉȈȦȒȈȧ Ȋ ȕȖȟ-

37
ȕȖȍ ȕȍȉȖ ǵȈȠȐ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ǰ ȎȈșȔȐȕ ȎȈșȔȐȕ Ȋ ȞȊȍȚț Ȑ ǻȟȐȚȍȓȤ ǻȉȍȑ ȍȋȖ
ȇ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȋ ȍȍ ȋȓțȗȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ țȓȣȉȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȘțȒț ȏȈ șȚȈȒȈȕȖȔ
— ǺȈȒ ȊȖȚ ǪȖȚ ȊȈȔ ȊșȍȔ
ǶȕȈ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓȈ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȏȊȖȕȒȖ țȌȈȘȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖ ȡȍȒȍ
ǲȈȉȈȒ ȝȓȣȕțȓ Ȋ ȕȈȠ țȋȖȓ ǯȈȋȘȍȔȍȓȐ ȗȈȌȈȊȠȐȍ șȚțȓȤȧ ǲȚȖ-ȚȖ ș ȖșȚȍȘȊȍȕȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ ȏȈȕȍș ȒțȓȈȒ ȕȈȌ ȔȖȍȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȏȈȖȘȈȓ
— ǩȍȑ ȉȍȑ
— ǻ ȕȍȍ ȋȖȘȧȟȒȈ ǰȌȐȖȚȣ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȧ țȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȖȚ țȌȈȘȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȐ-
Ƞȍȓșȧ ȗȖ ȜțȎȍȘț ǵȈȗȈȌȈȊȠȐȑ ș ȚȈȒȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ȘȈșșȍȒ șȍȉȍ ȘțȒț ȟȚȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȒȈȗȍȓȤ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȉȘȣȏȕțȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ ȉȍȓȤȍ
ǸȣȌȈȊȠțȦ ǼȈȕȕȐ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȞȍȗȓȧȊȠțȦșȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȏȈ ȊȖȏȌțȝ țȕȖșȐȓȐ Ȋ
șȖșȍȌȕȦȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț
ǷȖșȓȍ ȚȈȒȐȝ Ȋȍȡȍȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȦȚ ǯȈ ȕȈȔȐ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓȈșȤ ȌȊȍȘȤ ©ǨȓȚȈȘȧ ȓțȕȣª
Ȑ ȉȓȍȌȕȖ-ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȚțȔȈȕ ȗțșȚȣȝ țȓȐȞ ȘȈȏȖȔ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȔȖȒȘȖȑ ȓȈȌȖȕȤȦ șȚțȟȈȊ-
ȠȐȍ ȊȐșȒȐ ǷȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȚȐȝȖ ȕȈȟȈȓ
— ǵȈ Ȍȕȍ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȔ șȗȐȚ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ
ǵȖ ȧ ȏȓȖ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— ǩȈȘȖȕ ǲ ȌȤȧȊȖȓț ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȕȈ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȎȍȔȟțȎȕȣȝ ȐȏȌȍȓȐȑ
ǲȈȟȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȗȕ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— ǻȟȐȚȍȓȤ ǻ ȊȈș ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȒȊȍȘȕȣȑ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ
ǴȖșȚȖȊȣȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȣȔȈȏȈȕȣ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ șȈȓȖȔ ǷȖȓȏ ȓȐȗȒȐȑ ȚțȔȈȕ Ȑ ȗȈȝȓȖ
ȋȕȐȓȤȦ ȖȚ ȘȍȒȐ ǵȍȊȍȘȕȖ șȚțȗȈȧ ȉȈȘȖȕ ȚȍșȕȐȓ ȉȍȓȍșȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȕȖȑ
Ȕȋȓȣ ǶȕȖ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓȖ șȏȈȌȐ ȍȋȖ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȍ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȍ ȗȓȍȟȐ Ȟȍȓțȧ ȏȈȚȣȓȖȒ ȗȖ-
șȓȍȌȕȐȔ ȖȉȍșșȐȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȖȞȍȓțȍȔ țșȚȈȊȠȍȑ ȕȖȟȐ ǷȖșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȧ ȊșȒȐȕțȓ
ȘțȒț ș ȗȖȚțȝȠȍȑ șȐȋȈȘȖȑ Ȑ ȕȍȓȍȗȈȧ ȚȍȕȤ ȖȚ ȋȈȏȖȊȖȋȖ ȜȖȕȈȘȧ ȊȖȘȖȊșȒȐ ȠȔȣȋ-
ȕțȊ ȗȖ șȚȍȕȍ ȖșȚȘȣȔ ȕȖȎȖȔ țȌȈȘȐȓȈ ȉȈȘȖȕȈ Ȋ ȒȓȦȟȐȞȣ
ǺȈȒ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ
***
ǷȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȍ țȏȒȖȑ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȣ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ Ȗȉ-
ȕȧȓ șȒȘȐȗȒț Ȋ ȜțȚȓȧȘȍ Ȑ ȗȖȌȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȘțȒț
— ǻȟȐȚȍȓȤ ȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȉțȌț ȐȋȘȈȚȤ ©ǿȍȘȕțȦ ȎȍȔȟțȎȐȕțª
— ǶȕȈ șȖȑȌȍȚ ș țȔȈ Ȋȣ ȗȘȈȊȣ
— ǰ ȌȍȘȍȚșȧ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ
— ǹȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ ǷȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ
ǰ ȧ țșȚțȗȐȓ ȍȔț ȌȖȘȖȋț ȗȘȐȎȈȊȠȐșȤ Ȓ șȚȍȕȍ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȖȒȖșȚȍȕȍȊȠȍȍ
ȚȍȓȖ Ǫ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȝ șȚȈȘȣȝ ȌȖȔȈȝ șȈȔ ȟȍȘȚ ȕȖȋț șȓȖȔȐȚ
***
ǹțȝȖ ȚȘȍșȕțȓ ȊȒȓȦȟȈȚȍȓȤ ǵȖ ȓȈȔȗȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȎȋȓȈșȤ ǻșȚȈȊȠȐȑ ȧ ȝȓȖȗȕțȓ șȊȖȑ

ȒȖȚȍȓȖȒ Ȗȉ ȗȖȓ Ȑ ȌȖșȚȈȓ șȗȐȟȒț ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȖȉȓȖȔȐȓȈșȤ Ǫ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȔȐȋ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȟȐȘȒ-
ȕțȓ șȗȐȟȒȖȑ Ȑ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȟȤȧ-ȚȖ ȝțȌȈȧ ȘțȒȈ ȏȈȚȧȕțȚȈȧ Ȋ ȗȈȓȍȊțȦ ȏȈȔȠȍ-
ȊțȦ ȗȍȘȟȈȚȒț ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȈșȤ Ȓ șȊȍȟȍ ǹȚȘȈȕȕȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ șȊȍȟȍȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ȇ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȖ Ȗȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ ǵȍȚ ȧ ȕȍ ȖȠȐȉșȧ ȇ ȉȣȓ ț șȍȉȧ ǪȖȚ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȌȐȊȈȕȈ ȊȐ-
șȧȚ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȍ ȋȘȈȊȦȘȣ ǷȈȋȈȕȐȕȐ ș ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȤȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ǩȍȈȚȘȐȟȍ ǿȍȕȟȐ Ȑ
șȊȧȚȈȧ ǳțȐȚȋȈȘȌȈ
ǻ șȚȖȓȈ șȐȌȍȓ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ ǵȈ ȕȍȔ ȉȣȓȈ șȚȈȘȖȔȖȌȕȈȧ ȒȘȣȓȈȚȒȈ ȚȍȔȕȈȧ ȗȖ-
ȊȧȏȒȈ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȋȓȈȏț Ȉ ȘȍȏȒȈȧ ȚȍȕȤ ȖȚ Ƞȓȧȗȣ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȗȕ ȕȍ șȕȧȓ, ȊȖȑȌȧ ȏȈ-
ȒȘȣȊȈȓȈ ȟȈșȚȤ ȓȐȞȈ ǵȍ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ Ȕȕȍ ȏȈ-
ȗȐșȒț ǯȕȈȒȖȔȣȔ ȗȖȟȍȘȒȖȔ ȕȈ ȖȉȘȣȊȒȍ ȓȐșȚȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȖ
©ǫȘȍȠȕȐȒ ȏȓȖȑ ȉȘȈȎȕȐȒ Ȑ ȟȍȘȊȤ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ șȚȖȧȓȖ ȔȖȍ ȐȔȧ 
ȖȒȚȧȉȘȧ  ȋ țȉȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȈȘȖȕȈ ǷȈȋȈȕȐȕȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊțȦ ȗȍȘȍȌª
ǵȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ ȊșȚȈȓ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ Ȓ șȍȌȍȦȡȍȑ ȖșȚȘȖȑ ȉȖȘȖȌȒȍ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȑ ȗȖȌ-
șȊȍȟȕȐȒ Ȑ ȏȈȌțȓ șȊȍȚ ȇ ȖȚșȚțȗȐȓ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȓȖȊȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȐȓ ȊȈȓȧȊȠȐȑșȧ ȒȖ-
ȚȍȓȖȒ
ǯȈ ȖȒȕȖȔ șȒȈȚȣȊȈȧșȤ ȏȈ șȒȖȓȤȏȒțȦ ȖȚ ȘȖșȣ ȒȘȣȠț țȋȈșȈȓȈ șȒȊȖȏȧȡȈȧ șȐ-
ȏȈȧ ȓțȕȈ ǵȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ ȗȖșȚȖȧȓ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȒȘȣȠȍ Ȉ ȗȖșȓȍ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȏȈȗȈȝȕțȊ-
ȠȐșȤ ȖȚ ȗȘȍȌțȚȘȍȕȕȍȑ șȣȘȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȠȈȋȕțȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȋȖ-
ȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȒȖșȚȍȓ
***
ȇ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ ȖȚ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȐșȚȖȊȖ ȒȖȓȖȚȐȓ ȒțȓȈȒȖȔ ȔȖȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ
— ǷȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȕȍ ȔȍȠȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȖȚȌȣȝȈȚȤ
ǵȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȧ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȚȖ ȖȗȣȚȕȈȧ ȘțȒȈ ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒȖȋȖ ȔȋȕȖ-
ȊȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȡȍȓȒȕțȓȈ ȕȈ ȔȖȐȝ ȏȈȗȧșȚȤȧȝ ȕȈȘțȟȕȐȒȐ
ȇ ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȊȣȘȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȐ ȘțȒȐ
— ǰȔȍȕȍȔ ǯȈȒȖȕȈ
ǪȣȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȧ ȔȖȐ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ Ȗȕ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȏȓȖȘȈȌȕȖ țȊȐȌȍȊ șșȈȌȐȕȣ ȖȚ ȕȖȋȚȍȑ
— Ǩ ǹȓȍȌȣ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ Ȑ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȕȈ ȘțȉȈȠȒȍ
ǺțȚ ȧ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒț ȕȈșȚȍȎȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȒȖȔ-
ȕȈȚȣ ȉȈȘȖȕȈ Ƕȕ șȐȌȍȓ ȏȈ șȚȖȓȖȔ țȘȖȕȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȈ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ Ȑȏ ȒȓȦȟȐȞȣ ț ȚȘț-
ȗȈ ȚȖȘȟȈȓ ȒțȝȖȕȕȣȑ ȕȖȎ ǻ șȚȖȓȈ ȊȈȓȧȓșȧ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȖȚȍȓȖȒ ș ȔȖȍȑ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊȣ ǲ ȗȖȘȖȋț ȔȖȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȒȈȗȓȐ ȗȖȟȍȘȕȍȊȠȍȑ ȒȘȖȊȐ ǻ șȚȍȕȣ
șȚȖȧȓȐ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ǲȚȖ-ȚȖ ȖȌȍȚȣȑ Ȋ șȚȈȘȖȔȖȌȕțȦ ȒȘȣȓȈȚȒț ș ȚȍȔȕȖȑ
ȗȖȊȧȏȒȖȑ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȋȓȈȏț ȗȖșȓȍ ȧ țȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤ Ȋȏȧȓ șȖ șȚȖȓȈ
ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȘțȗȖȔ ȏȈȗȐșȒț Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȍȍ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ
ǸțȒȖȑ ȉȈȘȖȕȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌșȔȍȘȚȕȖȑ ȈȋȖȕȐȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȖ
©ǫȘȍȠȕȐȒ ȏȓȖȑ ȉȘȈȎȕȐȒ Ȑ ȟȍȘȊȤ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȏȊȈȕ ȧ  ȖȒȚȧȉȘȧ 1925 ȋ
țȉȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȈȘȖȕȈ ǷȈȋȈȕȐȕȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊțȦ ȗȍȘȍȌª

ANGELUS DEI

40
©ǴȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȗȖȓȕȖ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ
ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȈȒ ȏȈȉȈȊȓȧȍȚ ǷȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȋ
ȒȈȘȍȚȍ ȚȈȒ ȎȈȘȒȖ ǰ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȈȠ ȒțȟȍȘ —
șȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȔȈȓȣȑ Ȑ ȊȍȏȍȚ ȕȈș ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȒȈȒ
șȒȖȘȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȈ ȝȖȚȤ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȍȚª
(1768 ȋ
ǹȖ ȏȓȣȔ ȠȐȗȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖ-ȏȔȍȐȕȖȔț ȊȣȚȧȋȐȊȈȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȐȉȈȧ Ȓ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȉȍȓȖșȕȍȎ-
ȕȣȍ ȠȍȐ ȋțșȐ ȕȍȝȖȚȧ țșȚțȗȈȦȚ ȗțȚȤ ȒȈȘȍȚȍ ǷȍȘȍȊȈȓȐȊȈȧșȤ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȦȚșȧ
ș țȒȈȚȈȕȕȖȑ Ȑ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȗȘȐȋȘȍȚȖȑ șȒțȗȣȔ Ȑ ȕȐȏȒȐȔ șȖȓȕȞȍȔ ǪȖȏ-
ȕȐȞȈ — Ȋȍșȍȓȣȑ ȘȣȎȐȑ ȔȈȓȣȑ — ȗȘȐȊșȚȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȒȖȏȓȈȝ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȏȈȕȖșȐȚ ȉȐȟ ȕȈȌ
ȋȖȓȖȊȖȦ Ȑ ȏȊȖȕȒȖ șȚȘȍȓȧȍȚ ȐȔ Ȋ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȖȔ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖȔ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ǷȚȐȞȣ
ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȋȖȋȖȟțȚ Ȑ ȠțȔȧ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ ȉȘȖșȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț
ǴȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ Ȋ ȔȍȝȖȊȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȎȕȖȑ ȠȈȗȖȟȒȍ ȌȘȍȔȓȦȡȈȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȌțȠ-
ȒȈȝ ȗȘȐȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ țșȚȈȓȖ ȊȏȌȣȝȈȍȚ ǵȖ ȍȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȍȚ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȔțȎȈ
— Ǩ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȞȈȍȚ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȏȈȘȕȐȞȈ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȍȎȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȊȍșȍȓȖșȚȐ ȖȏȈ-
ȘȧȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ — ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȔȣȠȒȈ ȗȘȖșȕțȓȈșȤ" — ǰ Ȗȕ ȉȍȘȍȎȕȖ Ȑ șȟȈșȚȓȐ-
ȊȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȋțȉȈȔȐ ȍȍ ȊȐșȒȈ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȓȧȧ ȗȖȌțȠȒȐ Ȋ ȐȏȋȖȓȖȊȤȍ — ǿȚȖ ȖșȚȘȖȔț
ȕȖșȐȒț șȕȐȓȖșȤ" ǷȖȒȐȕțȚȈȧ ǪȍȕȈ ȉȖȋȍȔșȒȐȍ ȋȘȈȕȈȚȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ țȒȘȈșȧȚ ȕȈȘȧȌ
ȔȖȍȑ ȎȍȕțȠȒȐ" Ǩ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ — ȏȈȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȗȕ ȦȕȖȠȍșȒȐ-ȉȍșȗȍȟȕȣȔ șȔȍ-
ȝȖȔ — ȊȒțșȕȣȑ ȒțșȖȟȍȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȐȏȎȈȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȋțșȧ" ǪȍȌȤ țȎȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ-
ȒȈ ǵȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȓȐ ȗȖȝȖȌȕȣȑ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȍȞ"
ǵȖ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȌȖȓȋȐȔ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍȔ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȊȧȓȖ țȓȣȉȈȍȚșȧ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȍȍ
șȗțȚȕȐȒ ȗȖȓȤȏțȧșȤ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȈ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȋȖȘț Ȉ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ ȐȌțȚ
ȠȈȋȖȔ ȗȘȐȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȌȊȍȘȞț Ȑ ȊȣȗȘȣȋȐȊȈȍȚ Ƕȕ ȓțȒȈȊȖ ȗȖȌȔȐȋȐȊȈȍȚ ȊȖȏȕȐȞȍ ș
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȊȖȗȘȍȒȐ ȊșȍȔ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȈȔ șȊȍȚȈ Ȗȕ țșȗȍȓ ȗȖȌȘțȎȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȗțȚȐ
— ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑ ǲȖȕȐȟȍȒ« ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȟțȌȈȒ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȗȈȔȧȚ-
ȕȐȒ ȧ țȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȉȣ ȊȈȧȚȍȓȧ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȞȖȒȖȓȍ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Țȍȉȧ ȕȖ Ȑ ȚȊȖȐȝ ȋȕȍ-
Ȍȣȝ ȘȣșȈȒȖȊ
ǹ ȊȐȌȐȔȣȔ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȘȈȏȔȐȕȈȧ țșȚȈȊȠȐȍ ȖȚ ȌȖȓȋȖȋȖ șȐȌȍȕȐȧ ȕȖȋȐ Ȗȕ
ȠȈȋȈȍȚ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ ǷȘȍțȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȐȊȈȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȊȌȣȝȈȧ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ
ȋȘțȌȤȦ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȓȖȊȒȖ șȉȐȊȈȍȚ ȏȈșȖȝȠȐȑ ȘȣȎȐȑ ȓȖȗțȝ ț ȒȈȕȈȊȣ Ȑ ȗȘȖȕ-
ȏȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȓȍȚț ȉțȌȚȖ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȚȘȖșȚȐ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȠȗȈȋȈ ǶȉȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ
ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ țȋȖȌȐȚȤ ȗȖ ȓȖȗțȝț Ȑ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȏȈȓȦȉȖȊȈȊȠȐșȤ ȒȘȐ-
șȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȧșȕȖșȚȤȦ ȌȈȓȐ ǷȖȏȈȌȐ Ȋ ȌȖȓȐȕȍ ȍȡȍ ȊȐȌȍȕ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȒ ȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ
ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȈȔȐ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ǲȈȘȍȚȈ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ǲȖȕȐȟȍȒ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȚ țȗ-
ȘȧȎȤ ȕȈ ȝȖȔțȚȈȝ ǳȖȠȈȌȐ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȌȣȠȈȚ Ȑ Ȑȏ ȕȖȏȌȘȍȑ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȗȈȘ ǿȍȚ-
ȒȖ ȊȐȌȕȍȦȚșȧ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȣȍ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ ȕȍȌȖșȚȘȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȘȍȌȕȍȊȍȒȖȊȖȋȖ șȖȉȖȘȈ,
ȊȍȕȟȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȝȖȓȔ Ȑ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȒȖȘȖȕț ǪȖȏȕȐȞȈ șȓȖȊȖȖȝȖȚȓȐȊ Ƕȕ șȖȖȉ-
ȡȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤ șȓȈȊȧȡȈȧșȧ ȖȘȋȈȕȖȔ Ȑ ȌȘȍȊȕȖșȚȤȦ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȖȏȌȊȐȋȕțȚȈ ȉȍȌȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȘțȌȖȒȖȗȈȔȐ ȕȈșȍȓȧȊȠȐȔȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȒȘȈȑ Ȑ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȈ șȊ ǪȈȘȊȈȘȍ
— ǯȈșȚțȗȕȐȞȍ Ȑȝ ȎȐȏȕȍȑ Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ — ȌȖȉȈȊȓȧȍȚ ǲȖȕȐȟȍȒ — ǫȖșȗȖȌȤ ȕȍ
ȓȦȉȐȚ Ȑ ȕȍ țȊȈȎȈȍȚ șȍȘȍȉȘȈ — țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȍȚ ȊȖȏȕȐȞȈ — ǹ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȒȈȒ

41
ǰțȌȈ ȒȖșȕțȓșȧ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȐ ȌțȒȈȚȖȊ șȍȘȍȉȘȖȔ ȊȓȈȌȍȍȚ ǹȈ-
ȚȈȕȈ ǿȚȖ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȦ — Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ Ƕȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȘțȌȖȒȖȗ
ȏȕȈȍȚ ȓțȟȠȍ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȈȘȝȐȍȗȐșȒȖȗȈ ǵȍȔȈȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ȗȍȘȍȌțȠȐȓȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ
— ǿȤȍ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ" ǨȘȝȐȍȗȐșȒȖȗȈ ȐȓȐ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȈ"
ǲȖȕȐȟȍȒ ȗȘȐȚȊȖȘȧȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚ ǵȖ ȉțȌȚȖ ȕȍȊȏȕȈȟȈȑ ȘȖ-
ȕȧȍȚ
— Ǫ ȠȚȖȓȤȕȧȝ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ ȚȍȔȕȖ ȉȍȏ ȜȖȕȈȘȧ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ
— ǬȈ Țȣ ȕȍ ȖșȚȍȘȍȋȈȑșȧ ǲȖȕȐȟȍȒ ǪȖȚ ț ȕȈș Ȋ ǯȈȓȤȞȉțȘȋȍ ȚȈȒ ȌȤȧȊȖȓ ȈȘȝȐ-
ȍȗȐșȒȖȗȖȔ ȏȈȌȍȓȈȓșȧ ǹȘȈȏț ȕȍ ȘȈȏȉȍȘȍȠȤ ȊȍȌȤ ȋȌȍ ǹȈȚȈȕȈ Ȉ ȋȌȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ǵȖ ȊȖȏȕȐȞȈ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȊȐȌ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȐȚ Ȑ țȗȘȧȔȖ ȋȓȧȌȐȚ Ȋ ȗȖȓȍ Ǫ ȚȍȕȐ ȖȊ-
ȘȈȋȖȊ Ȑȕȍȑ ȗȖșȍȘȍȉȘȐȓ ȧȘȒȐȍ ȖȏȐȔȐ ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȘȖȕȧȍȚ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȌȓȐȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȚȍȕȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȉȔȈȕțȚȤșȧ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȋȖȌȈ ǵȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȓȍȕȐȊȖ
ȗȖȓȏȍȚ ȚȍȓȍȋȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȒȘȈȑ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȈȧ ȎȔȣȝȈȔȐ ȖȚ Șȍȗȣ ǲȖȕȐȟȍȒ ȗȘȖȊȖ-
ȎȈȍȚ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ șȊȖȐȔ ȌțȔȈȔ ȗȘȐȉȈțȚȒȖȑ
— ǶșȍȕȤ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȕȖșȐȞȍ —
ȒțȘȣ ȕȍ ȕȖșȧȚșȧ
ǯȐȔȈ ȕȈ ȕȖșț —
țȉȤȍȚ Ȑ Ȗșț
ǵȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖșȚȤ ȋȓțȗȖȋȖ șȚȐȠȒȈ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȈ ȘȈșȝȖȝȖȚȈȚȤ-
șȧ ǹȔȍȧșȤ ȉȍȏ țȌȍȘȎț Ȗȕ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȍȚ ș ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȖȔ
— ǲȈȒȖȑ ȊȏȌȖȘ ǵȈ ȕȖșț ȕȈ ȕȖșț ǷȖȋȖȌȐ ȝȈ ȝȈ ȝȈ« ȒȈȒ" ǯȐȔȈ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȕȖșȐȞȍ ǺȖ ȍșȚȤ ȕȍȚ ȏȐȔȈ ȕȈ ȕȖșț
Ǫ ȍȋȖ ȎȐȊȖȔ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȍȚ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȉȍȓȖȍ ȟțȟȍȓȖ ȕȈ ȕȖșț — ȕȍ
ȚȖ ȗȖȓȧȘȕȣȑ ȔȍȌȊȍȌȤ ȕȍ ȚȖ șȕȍȎȕȈȧ ȉȈȉȈ ǰ ȕȍȓȍȗȣȑ ȖȉȘȈȏ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȍȚ Ȋ ȕȍȔ
ȖȗȧȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȑ șȔȍȝ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȌȈȊȐȚȤ ȒȈȠȍȓȤ
ǵȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ Ȗ ȏȐȔȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȍȚ Ȓ ȏȈȉȖȚȈȔ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ț ȋȘȈȜȈ
ǺțȕȈ șȖșȚȖȐȚșȧ ȉȈȓ Ȑ ȔȈșȒȈȘȈȌ Ǫ șȊȖȍȔ ȗȐșȤȔȍ ȊȍȓȤȔȖȎȈ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȖșȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȐȚȤșȧ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȞȍ ǷȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ" ǪȍȌȤ ȋȖșȚȍ-
ȗȘȐȐȔșȚȊț ȏȕȈȚȕȣȝ Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȣȝ Ȗȕ Ȟȍȕț ȏȕȈȍȚ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ
— ǯȈȔȍȚȤ ǲȖȕȐȟȍȒ — ȖȉȘȣȊȈȍȚ Ȗȕ șȊȖȐ ȌțȔȣ — ȓțȟȠȐȍ Ȑ șȈȔȣȍ ȊȍȘȕȣȍ
ȌȘțȏȤȧ — ȥȚȖ ȉȍȌȕȧȒȐ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȍ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦȚ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȧ Ȗ ȌȘțȎȉȍ
ǰ ȚțȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗȕ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȘȍȚȈ țȎȍ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ
— ǬțȠȍȒ — ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȚ Ȗȕ Ȋșȓțȝ — ǽȘȖȔȖȑ ǬțȠȍȒ ȍȡȍ ȏȊȈȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȅȚȖȚ
ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ ȕȍ ȓțȒȈȊȐȚ ǵȖ țȎȐȊțȚșȧ ȓȐ ǲȖȕșȚȈȕȞȈ ș ǮȖȏȍȜȐȕȖȑ" ǷȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ
ȒȈȒ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ ǨȊȋțșȚ Ȋ ǪȈȘȠȈȊȍ ȗȖȌȈȘȐȓ ȍȑ ȎȍȔȟțȋȈ ȕȍ ȊȏȌțȔȈȍȚ ȓȐ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȍȕȍ-
ȉȘȍȟȤ ǲȖȕșȚȈȕȞȐȍȑ"
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȉȘȖșȈȍȚșȧ ȍȔț Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ
©ǷȘȍȕȍȉȘȍȟȤ ǲȖȕșȚȈȕȞȐȍȑ"ª — ȖȉȎȐȋȈȍȚ șȍȘȌȞȍ șȓțȟȈȑȕȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ ǵȖ Ȗȕ
țșȚȘȈȕȧȍȚ ȍȍ ǰ ȗȖȌȗȘȣȋȐȊȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȠȒȖȓȤȕȐȒ ȊȣȘȊȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȦ ȗțșȒȈȍȚ-
șȧ ȌȖȋȖȕȧȚȤ ȒȈȘȍȚț ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȊȣȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȧ
— ǹȚȘȈ ǹȚȘȐ ǲȕȈȓȓȍȘȗȈȓȓȍȘ ȀȕȐȗ ȀȕȈȗ ȀȕțȘ ȀȕȍȗȍȘȗȍȘȓȤ ǹȕȈȑ
Ǵȍȕȧȧ ȋȖȓȖș — ȚȖ ȗȖȊȣȠȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȌȖ ȜȈȓȤȞȍȚȈ ȚȖ ȗȖȕȐȎȈȧ ȌȖ ȉȈșȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȕȖșȐȚșȧ ȋȈȔȔȈ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔ ȘȍȋȐșȚȘȈȔ ȖȘȋȈȕȈ — Ȗȕ ȘȈșȗȍȊȈȍȚ ȘȈȊȕȧȧșȤ ș ȒȈȘȍȚȖȑ

42
— ǹȚȘȈ ǹȚȘȐ ǲȕȈȓȓȍȘȗȈȓȓȍȘ ȀȕȐȗ ȀȕȈȗ ȀȕțȘ ȀȕȍȗȍȘȗȍȘȓȤ ǹȕȈȑ
ǪȖȏȕȐȞȈ ȊȣȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȍȚ ȐȏȖ ȘȚȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȒțȘȍȕȕțȦ ȚȘțȉȒț Ȑ șȋȐȉȈȍȚșȧ
ȖȚ șȔȍȝȈ
— ǭȎȍȓȐ ȉȣ Ȑȝ șȊȍȚȓȖșȚȤ
— ǶȗȧȚȤ Ȍȓȧ Țȍȉȧ șȚȈȓ șȊȍȚȓȖșȚȤȦ" — ȠțȚȓȐȊȖ șȍȘȌȧșȤ ȒȘȐȟȐȚ ȉȈȓȈȋțȘ —
ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȧ ȉȣȓ șȊȍȚȓȖșȚȤȦ ț Țȍȉȧ, ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ, ȕȍ ȘȈȏ șȣȗȈȓȐșȤ ȉȣ ȐșȒȘȣ Ȑȏ ȋȓȈȏ
ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȗțȚȐ ȖȚ ȔȖȍȑ ȚȘȖșȚȐ
ǰ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȊ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȚȍȒȓȖ Ȗȕ ȏȈȗȍȊȈȍȚ ȒȖȓȣȉȍȓȤȕțȦ
— ǹȗȐ — țșȕȐ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ ȔȖȑ
ǫȓȈȏȒȐ ȧșȕȣȍ ȏȈȒȘȖȑ
ǵȖ ȗȍȕȐȍ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȉȍȏ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒ ȊșȒȈȒȐȊȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȒȖȏȓȣ
șțȍȚ ȚȘȖșȚȤ ȏȈ șȐȌȍȕȤȍ Ȑ ȊȣȝȊȈȚȐȊ ț ȊȖȏȕȐȞȣ ȊȖȎȎȐ Ȑ ȉȐȟ șȚȍȋȈȍȚ ȗȖ ȓȖȠȈ-
ȌȧȔ ǰșȗțȋȈȊȠȐșȤ ȖȕȐ ȕȍșțȚșȧ ȊșȒȈȟȤ ǵȖ ȘȣȎȐȑ ǲȖȕȐȟȍȒ țșȗȍȊȈȍȚ Ȋ șȊȖȦ Ȗȟȍ-
ȘȍȌȤ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȚȤ ȊȖȎȎȈȔȐ ȝȘȐȗȓȖ ȖȘȍȚ Ȑ ȒȖȕȐ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȉȍȋțȚ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȑ ȟȍȚȒȖȑ
ȘȣșȤȦ
ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȊȐȌȕȍȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ șȍȓȍȕȐȍ
— Ǩ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȑ ǲȖȕȐȟȍȒ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȍȠȤ ȓȐ Țȣ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȘȈ ȏȈȒțșȐȚȤ"
— ǲȈȒ ȐȔ ȉțȌȍȚ țȋȖȌȕȖ ǪȖȚ ȔȐȕțȍȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȥȚț ȟȈșȖȊȕȦ Ǩ ȚȈȔ — ț ȒȖ-
ȓȖȌȞȈ — ȕȈȌȖ ȗȖȐȚȤ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ ǺȘȈȒȚȐȘ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȍșȚȤ ǺȈȔ ȝȖȘȖȠȐ ȒȘȖȊȧȕȣȍ ȒȖȓ-
ȉȈșȣ ǬȈ Ȑ ȗȐȊȖ ȕȍ ȝțȎȍ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȋȖ
Ǫ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ ȕȐȠȍ ȗȘȐȌȖȘȖȎȕȖȑ ȟȈșȖȊȕȐ șȊȧȚȖȑ ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȍȚ Ȓ ȋȘțȌȐ ȘȈșȗȧ-
ȚȐȍ ȐșșȚțȗȓȍȕȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȧ Ȋ ȕȍȉȖ ǯȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȉȈȘȝȈȚ ȔȝȈ ȕȈ ȞȖȒȖȓȍ țșȗȍȓ ȕȈȗȖȓȖ-
ȊȐȕț ȗȘȐȒȘȣȚȤ ȊȣșȍȟȍȕȕțȦ ȕȈȌȗȐșȤ ȗȖȌ ȌȊȖȘȧȕșȒȐȔ ȋȍȘȉȖȔ
«Anno Domini...» — ȔȍȓȤȒȈȍȚ șȚȘȖȟȒȈ
— Ǩ ȟȤȧ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȋȐȓȈ"
— ǵȍ ȔȖȋȐȓȈ ȥȚȖ Ȉ ȗȈȔȧȚȕȐȒ ǶȌȕȖȔț ȏȌȍșȤ ȉȈȘȖȕț ǲȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȒȖȉȣȓȈ Ȗȗ-
ȘȖȒȐȕțȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ǹȚȍȘȊȈ Ȉ ȕȍ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ȉȣȓȈ ǰȏ ȊȍȕȋȍȘșȒȖȋȖ ȚȈȉț-
ȕȈ șȦȌȈ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȐ ǵȈ ȗȘȖȍȏȌȒȍ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȓȈ Ȑ ȝȘȍȉȍȚ ȍȔț ȗȍȘȍȓȖȔȐȓȈ ǯȌȍșȤ Ȑ
ȗȖȔȍȘ
— ǯȌȍșȤ Ȑ ȗȖȔȍȘ — ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȍȚ șȍȌȖȒ — ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȓțȟȠȍ Ȉ"
— șȔȖȚȘȐȚ Ȗȕ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȕȐȞț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȕȍ ȗȖ
șȍȉȍ ȖȚ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓțȉȣȝ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟȕȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ
— ǷȖȟȍȔț ȥȚȖ ȓțȟȠȍ" — ș ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȕȕȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȚ ǲȖȕȐȟȍȒ —
ǪȍȌȤ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȥȚȖ
— ǪȍȌȤ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȥȚȖ — șȓȣȠȐȚșȧ ȋȓțȝȖȍ ȥȝȖ ǰ șȍȌȖȒ țȎȍ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȕȐ-
Ȟȍ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȔȣșȓȧȔ șȊȖȍȑ țȟȈșȚȐ — ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȑ Ȑ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȑ ǭȋȖ ȗȘȍȒ-
ȘȈșȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ș ȌȍȚșȒȐ-ȒȈȗȘȐȏȕȣȔ ȓȉȖȔ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȔ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ
ǫȖȓȖș ȖȉȐȎȍȕȕȖ ȌȘȖȎȐȚ Ƕȕ ȠȍȗȟȍȚ — ȉțȌȚȖ Ȋ ȉȘȍȌț — ș ȉȖȓȤȦ Ȑ ȐșșȚțȗȓȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ
— ǪȍȌȤ — șȔȍȘȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȐșȚȐȕȕȈȧ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȈȧ ȞȍȓȤ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ ȧ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ
șȘȖȌȕȐȓșȧ — ȊȖȚ țȎȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ — ș ȥȚȖȑ ȗȖȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ ș ȥȚȖȑ ȓțȟȠȍȑ ȗȖ-
ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȖȉȘȈȏȍ ȍȍ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȍȚșȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȖȚ-
ȗțȋȐȊȈȦȡȍȋȖ Ȉ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈȖȉȖȘȖȚ — ȕȍȟȚȖ ȊȍșȤȔȈ țșȗȖȒȈȐȊȈȦȡȍȍ Ȑ țȚȍȠȐ-

43
ȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ
Ƕȕ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȎȐȔȈȍȚ ȚȘȖșȚȤ ș ȕȈȉȈȓȌȈȠȕȐȒȖȔ Ȑȏ ȧȠȔȣ ǶȗțșȒȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȘțȒȐ
ȋȖȓȖȊț ǷȖșȓȍ — ȚȐȝȖ ȕȈȗȍȊȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖȚȧȎȕȖȍ Ȑ ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕȕȖ-ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖȍ ǳȖ-
ȠȈȌȐ ȉȖȌȘȖ șȚțȟȈȚ ȏȊȍȕȧȡȐȔȐ ȗȖȌȒȖȊȈȔȐ ǻ ȒȖȓȖȌȞȈ ȊȖȏȕȐȞȈ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȚ
ȋȘȍȔȧȡțȦ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȕȧȝ ȒȈȘȍȚț Ȑ ș ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȑ șȖșȍȌ ȕȍ-
țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ șȓȍȏȈȦȡȐȑ ș ȒȖȏȍȓ ȒȘțȎȍȊȖȔ ȕȈȠȐȚȣȔ ȕȈ ȘțȒȈȊȍ șȦȘȚțȒȈ țȚȐȘȈȍȚ
ȔȖȒȘȣȍ ȡȍȒȐ
_____
ǲȈȘȍȚț ȘȈșȒȈȟȐȊȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȊȣȉȖȐȕȈȝ ǪȌȈȓȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚșȧ țȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȉȈȠ-
ȕȐ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ
ǪȍșȍȓȖ ȝȓȖȗȈȍȚ ȉȐȟ ǲȖȕȐȟȍȒȈ Ȑ ȗȖȝȘȈȗȣȊȈȦȚ ȒȖȕȐ
ǻ ȊȖȘȖȚ ȏȈșȚȈȊȣ ȋȘȍȔȐȚ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȑ ȔȖșȚ ȕȈȌ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȔ ȘȊȖȔ ȚȧȕțȡȐȔșȧ
ȊȌȖȓȤ șȚȍȕ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȞȣ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈ ȊȈȓȧȦȡȐȝșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȔ
ȖȚȉȘȖșȈȝ Ȑ ȋȕȐȦȡȍȑ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȑ ȓțȎȍ
©ǬțȕȈȑ ǲȈȒ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ Ȗȕª — ș ȚȖșȒȖȑ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ ȖȕȈ ȊȍȕșȒȐȍ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȎ-
ȕȣȍ Ȑ ȔțȚȕȣȍ ȉȣșȚȘȣȍ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȗȓȍȡțȡȐȍ Ȗȉ Ȑȝ ȋȘȈȕȐȚ
ǶȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȐȚ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȣ Ǫ ȉȖȑȕȐȞȈȝ ȦȚȧȚșȧ ȕȈȝȖȝȓȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȋȖȓțȉȐ
ǪȣȘȈșȚȈȍȚ ȉȈȠȕȧ — ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȖȚ ȊȍȒȖȊ Ȑ ȒȖȗȖȚȐ ȏȐȧȦȡȈȧ ȖșȚȘȖȑ ȈȘȒȖȑ ȗȘȖȍȏ-
ȌȈ ǷțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒ ȊȣșȖȊȣȊȈȍȚ ȋȖȓȖȊț ș ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȎȐȌȈȧ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȖ-
ȊȍȘȒȐ ȗȘȖȗțșȒȈ Ƕȕ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȍȚ ȋȖȚȐȟȍșȒțȦ țȓȣȉȒț ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȈȕȋȍȓȈ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȘȖ-
ȚȈȔȐ ș ȖȚȉȐȚȣȔ ȒȘȣȓȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȐȘȈȦȡȐȔ ȘțȒȐ șȖ șȊȐȚȒȖȔ
ǳȈȚȐȕșȒȈȧ ȕȈȌȗȐșȤ ȗȘȖșȓȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȔțȌȘȣȝ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȑ
— ǻȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒ șȊȖȐȔ ȗȖșȔȍȐȊȈȦ-
ȡȐȔșȧ ȔȣșȓȧȔ — ǫȓțȗȞȣ Ȑ ȏȓȖȌȍȐ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȦȚșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȖȔ ȓȦȌȍ
ǪȖȏȕȐȞȈ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚșȧ ȘțȋȈȚȤșȧ șȖ șȚȘȈȎȍȑ ǹȍȌȖȒ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȟȍȠșȒȖȋȖ ȧȏȣ-
ȒȈ ȀȊȣȘȧȍȚ ȌȍȕȤȋț ǬȍȓȖ țȓȈȎȍȕȖ ǵȖ ȍȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȌȘțȋȖȍ
— ǲȖȕȐȟȍȒ șȒȈȎȐ ȗȖȟȍȔț ț ȥȚȖȋȖ ȈȕȋȍȓȈ ȕȍȚț ȒȘȣȓȈ"
— ǷȖȟȍȔț ȕȍȚț ȒȘȣȓȈ" ǫȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȧȌȘȖ ȗȘțșșȈȒȖȊ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȔȈ-
ȓȖșȚȤ ȗȖȌȘȍȏȈȓȖ ȍȋȖ
ǴȖșȚȖȊȈȧ țȏȒȖȑ Ȑ ȝȔțȘȖȑ țȓȐȞȣ ȠȊȣȘȧȍȚ ȒȈȘȍȚț ǺȍȔȕȣȍ ȗȖȘȚȈȓȣ ȌȊȖȘ-
ȞȖȊ ȕȍȌȘțȎȍȓȦȉȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȧȚ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȠȐȝ ǳȖȠȈȌȐ țȎȍ ȟțȦȚ ȗȖșȚȖȧȓȣȑ ȌȊȖȘ
Ȑ șȗȍȠȈȚ ȉȍȏ ȒȕțȚȈ
— Ǩȝ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȒȖȕȟȐȚșȧ ȥȚȖȚ ȕȍșȕȖșȕȣȑ ȗțȚȤ" — ȎȈȓțȍȚșȧ ȗțȚȍ-
ȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȞȈ — ȇ ȌȘȖȎț ȖȚ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȉ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ, ȗȘȖȔȍȕȧȊ Ǫȍȕț ȕȈ ȥȚț ȌȣȘț
— ǷȖȓȕȖ ǲȖȕșȚȈȕȞȈ ǿȚȖ ȏȈ șȚȘȈȝȐ" Ǫ Ǫȍȕȍ ȧ țȎȍ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȖȚ ȗțȌ-
Șȣ ȗȈȘȐȒȖȊ Ȉ ȔțȠȒȐ ȎȍȔȈȕȕȐȞ Ȕȕȍ ȔȍȘȍȡȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȕȖșț
— ǵȖ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȕȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ǫȈȉșȉțȘȋȐ Ȑ ȌȊȖȘ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȖ-
ȒȐȕțȓȐ ǷȘȈȋț Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȔȧșȕȐȒȖȊ ȌȈ ȗȐȊȖȊȈȘȖȊ" —
ȗȖȎȐȔȈȍȚ ȖȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ
— ǷțșȚȤ ȌȈȎȍ ȚȈȒ ǿȍȔ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȣ Ȕȣ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ Ȑ ȟȍȔ ȖȕȐ ȓțȟȠȍ ȊȚȖȘȣȝ" ǵȈ-
ȒȖȕȍȞ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ Ȕȣ ȊȍȘȕȍȔșȧ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ

44
— Ƕ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ǭȓȧ Țȍȉȧ ȌȘțȎȖȒ ǭȊȘȖȗȈ ȕȍ ȊȍȓȐȒȈ Ȑȏ ǴȦȕȝȍȕȈ Ȋ ǪȍȘ-
șȈȓȤ ȖȚȚțȌȈ Ȋ ǳȖȕȌȖȕ Ȑȏ ǨȔșȚȍȘȌȈȔȈ Ȋ ǸȐȔ Ǻȣ — ȒȈȒ ȗȚȐȞȈ
— ǫȔ« ȌȈ ȕȖ ȕȍ Ȑȏ șȚȈȐ ǷȘȐȕȞ ǲȈțȕȐȞ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȘȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȥȘȞȋȍȘȞȖȋț ȟȚȖ
ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȘȖȎȌȈȦȚșȧ ȘȈȏ Ȋ șȚȖ ȓȍȚ
— Ǩȝ — ȊȏȌȣȝȈȍȚ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ — ȓțȟȠȍ ȉȣ ȖȕȐ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȝȊȈȓȐȓȐ Țȍ-
ȉȧ ǷȖȝȊȈȓȣ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ șȚȖȧȚ ȅȚȖ ȌȖȉȘȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȋȖȘȠ-
ȕȧȔȐ
ǲȈȘȍȚȈ ȊȢȍȏȎȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȔȖșȚȖȔ Ǫ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȍ ȉȈȠȕȐ ȕȈ
șȚȍȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȕ ǵȍȘțȒȖȚȊȖȘȕȣȑ ȖȉȘȈȏ Ȉ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ — ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȘȧȌ șȚȈȚțȑ
— ȅȚȖȚ ȔȖșȚ ȊȣșȚȘȖȐȓ ǲȈȘȓ ,9 — ȗȘȐȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒ ȘȈȏ-
ȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ ȐȏȊȈȧȕȐȍ ȒȖȘȖȓȧ ȕȈ ȜȈșȈȌȍ șȚȘȖȍȕȐȧ
ǪȖȏȕȐȞȈ țȗȓȈȚȐȊ ȏȈ ȗȘȖȍȏȌ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȖșȚ ȗȖȌȉȐȘȈȍȚ ȊȖȎȎȐ ǵȖ șȍȌȖȒ ȗȖ-
ȘȣȊȐșȚȖ ȝȊȈȚȈȧ ȘțȒț Ȏȍȕȣ ȊȍȓȐȚ ȍȔț ȖȉȖȎȌȈȚȤ ǵȈ șȖșȍȌȕȍȑ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓȤȕȍ ș
ȗȖȏȍȓȍȕȍȊȠȐȔ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȒțȗȖȓȖȔ ȊȣșȖȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȗȍȚȤ ȊȍȟȍȘ-
ȕȐȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȊȍșȚ
— ǲȖȕșȚȈȕȞȈ ȅȚȖ — ȌȖȉȘȣȑ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒ Ǻȣ șȓȣȠȐȠȤ" ǵȈș ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȍȚ Ǩnge-
lus...
Ƕȕ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȍȚȣ ȖȉȕȈȎȈȍȚ ȋȖȓȖȊț șȓțȠȈȍȚ ȏȈȒȘȣȊ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǻȔȐȓȍȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈ ȊȖȓȕțȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ
— Angelus Dei nuntiavit Mariæ... — ș ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȍȚ Ȗȕ șȓȖȊȈ ȔȖ-
ȓȐȚȊȣ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȖȚȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȒȐșȚȤ ȖȚȖ ȓȉȈ Ȑ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȍȚ ȍȦ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȗȓȈȊȕȣȍ ȌȊȐ-
ȎȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ǰ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ șȐȧȦȡȐȍ ȖȚ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈ Ȏȍȕț
— ǲȖȕșȚȈȕȞȈ ȇ ȕȈȠȍȓ șȍȑȟȈș ȚȍȔț ǵȈȠȍȓ ȅȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȝȖȘȈȓ ǬȊȈ ȘȈș-
ȝȖȌȧȡȐȝșȧ ȚȘȍȏȊțȟȐȧ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ — șȍȗȚȈȒȒȖȘȌ
ǰ șȍȌȖȒ ȐșȚȖȊȖ ȖșȍȕȧȍȚ șȍȉȧ ȒȘȍșȚȕȣȔ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȍȔ ǪȖȏȕȐȞȈ țșȔȍȝȈȍȚșȧ ǵȖ
ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒ ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȚ șȍȘȌȐȚȤșȧ Ƕȕ ȓȐȠȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȍȔț
— ǹȓȈȊȕȣȑ Țȣ ȔȈȓȣȑ ǲȖȕȐȟȍȒ ǵȖ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ Țȣ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ țȔȍȘ Ȑ ȊȖșȒȘȍș
Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ Țȣ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȉȣ ȌțȘȈȒȖȔ
ǫȖȓțȉȣȍ șțȔȍȘȒȐ ȖȉȊȍȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȔȍȘȞȈȦȚ ȒȈȒ ȐșȗȖȓȐȕșȒȈȧ ȓȈȔȗȈ-
ȌȈ ǵȈȌ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ Ȋ ȕȐȏȒȐȝ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȝ ȚțȟȈȝ ȚȘȖȕțȚȣȝ ȗțȘȗțȘȖȔ ȗȖȋȈșȠȍȋȖ ȏȈȒȈ-
ȚȈ ȗȓȣȊȍȚ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ șȖȉȖȘȈ Ǫ ȌȖȔȈȝ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖ-
ȓȖȎȕȖȔ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȦȚ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȘȖȉȒȐȍ ȖȋȕȐ
_____
ǺȘȈȒȚȐȘ ȕȖșȐȚ ȌȊȈ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȧ ǵȈ șȚȈȘȖȑ ȊȣȊȍșȒȍ ȏȕȈȟȐȚșȧ ©ǻ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ ȗȖȌ-
ȒȖȊȣª ǵȖ ȖȒȖȓȖȚȖȒ ȗȘȐȊȣȒ Ȓ ȌȘțȋȖȔț ȐȔȍȕȐ — ©ǻ ǼȖȔȣª ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȘȧȌȖȔ
șȚȍȕȈ Ȋ șȚȍȕț — ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤ ȈȗȖșȚȖȓȈ țșȖȔȕȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ Ȋ ǪȖșȒȘȍșȠȍȔ ǯȈ șȚȖȑȒȖȑ
ȖȉȐȚȖȑ ȞȐȕȒȖȔ țșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔȐ ȋȓȐȕȧȕȣȔȐ ȒȘțȎȒȈȔȐ șȚȖȐȚ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ
ǹȓȈȊȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȈ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊț ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȗȐȊȈ Ȑ ȒȖȓȉȈșȈȔ ȕȖ
Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȦ ©ȕȈșȚȖȑȒȍ șȊȧȚȖȋȖ ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘȈª
— ǰȉȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȘȦȔȒȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȊȧȚȖȋȖ ȉȈȓȤȏȈȔȈ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȍȒȐ ȕȖ Ȑ ȔȖȘȍ ȒȈȎ-
ȌȖȔț ȗȖ ȒȖȓȍȕȖ — țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȦȚ ȖșȚȘȧȒȐ-ȋȖȘȖȎȈȕȍ

ǷȖȏȈȌȐ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ — ȔȖȓȖȚȖȉȖȑȞȈ Ȋ ȦȕȖșȚȐ — ȕȈ ȊȐȌȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȍ
ȊȐșȐȚ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȣȑ ȌȐȗȓȖȔ ǷȖȌ șȍȕȤȦ ȐȔȍȕȐ ȈȗȖșȚȖȓȤșȒȖȋȖ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȈ ȐȔȗȍ-
ȘȈȚȖȘȈ ǨȊșȚȘȐȐ ȔȍȓȒȐȍ șȚȘȖȟȒȐ ȊȣșȚȘȖȐȓȐșȤ ȉȈȚȈȓȤȖȕȖȔ ǿȐȕȕȖ ȖȉȖȎȈȧ ȔȖ-
ȕȈȘȝȈ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐȚȊȖȘȧȦȚșȧ ȕȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȓȖȔȖȊȣȍ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒȐ ȘȈșșȍȊȠȐȍșȧ
ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȎȈȘȒȖ ȕȈȚȖȗȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȍȟȒȐ ǹȍȔȤ ȗȐȊȕȣȝ ȒȘțȎȍȒ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȦȚ ȗțȚȍȠȍ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȖȚ șȚȖȑȒȐ Ȓ șȚȖȓț ǿȤȐ-ȚȖ ȒȖȘȧȊȣȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ș ȖșȚȍȘȊȍȕȍȕȐȍȔ ȓțȗȧȚ ȏȈ-
șȈȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȘȚȈȔȐ ȗȖ ȒȓȍȍȕȒȍ.
— ǹȍȔȤ ȚȘȍȜ — ȘȣȟȐȚ șȐȗȓȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș — ǵȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍ ȊȣȒțșȐ
— Ǩ ȧ ȚțȏȖȔ — șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȖȚȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒ ȕȍ ȊȣȕȐȔȈȧ ȐȏȖ ȘȚȈ ȚȘțȉ-
ȒȐ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȍȠȕȍȊȖȔ ȔțȕȌȠȚțȒȍ
ǹ ȠțȔȖȔ ȗȖȘȣȊȐșȚȖ ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȧȍȚșȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ ǽȖȏȧȐȕ șȓȍȌȧȡȐȑ ȏȈ ȐȋȘȖȑ șȖ ȏȓȣȔ
ȓȐȞȖȔ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȊȖȠȍȌȠȍȔț ǬȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȤȧȕȣȑ
— ǰȐșțșȍ ǵȈȠ ȇȘȒȈ
ǷȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȐ ȗȘȍȘȣȊȈȦȚ ȐȋȘț ǫȘȍȔȧȚ ȖȚȖȌȊȐȋȈȍȔȣȍ șȚțȓȤȧ
— ǵț ȥȚȖȚ ȗȈȘȍȕȤ ȓȍȚȈȍȚ ȔȍȎȌț ǷȘȈȋȖȑ Ȑ ǪȍȕȖȑ, ȒȈȒ ȗȖȟȚȖȊȣȑ ȋȖȓțȉȤ
ǯȌȖȘȖȊȖ ȇȘȒȈ
— ǯȌȖȘȖȊȖ
— ǰȏ Ǫȍȕȣ ȊȍȘȕȖ"
— ǷȘȧȔȣȔ ȚȘȈȒȚȖȔ Ǫ ǰȟȐȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȍȘȍȒȖȊȈȓ ȋȕȍȌȖȋȖ
ǲȖȕȐȟȍȒ ȕȍ ȖȚȝȖȌȧ ȖȚ șȚȖȑȒȐ ȗȘȖȋȓȈȚȣȊȈȍȚ ȘȦȔȒț ȒȖȡțȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈ-
ȗȐȚȒȈ
— ǲȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ"
— ǪȟȍȘȈ ȊȊȍȟȍȘț
— ǶȗȧȚȤ ș ȗȈȒȍȚȈȔȐ Ȓ ȕȈȔȍșȚȕȐȒț"
— ǵȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȉȈȘȐȕȈ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ
— ǩȈ-Ȉ-ȘȐȕȈ" ǪȖȕ Țȣ ȒȈȒȖȑ
— ǩȈȘȐȕȈ ȌȈ ȕȈȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț ǵȍ ȒȕȧȏȤ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȈȚȘȈȒ, Ȉ ȘȈȏȕȖȘȖȌȕȣȑ șȒȈȎț
ȉȈȘȐȕ ǷȧȚȤ ȘȈȏ ȈȕȐșȖȊȒȖȑ ȗȖȚȟȍȊȈȓ ȗȍșȕȐ ȗȍȓ Ȑ ț Ȕȍȕȧ țȟȐȓșȧ ǪȣșȗȘȈ-
ȠȐȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ ȗȓȧȠțȚ ȕȈ ȒȖȏȓȈȝ șȐȌȍȓ ȚȘȖșȚȤȦ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȐȊȈȓ ǫȖȊȖ-
ȘȧȚ șȖȟȐȕȐȚȍȓȤ Ȑȏ Ǫȍȕȣ Ȉ ǩȖȋ ȍȋȖ ȊȍșȚȤ« ǶȌȕȖ ȉȍȏ șȗȖȘț — ȉȓȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ
— ǯȊȈȚȤ-ȚȖ ȒȈȒ"
— ǯȊȈȚȤ" ǴȈ ǴȈȏ ǴȖȏȍȘ ǺȈȒ, ȟȚȖ ȓȐ ǵȖ ȖȌȕȖ ȉȍȏ șȗȖȘț Ȑ ȉȍȏ șȖȔȕȍ-
ȕȐȧ — ȉȓȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ǩȍȏȊȘȍȌȕȣȑ Ȉ ȉȓȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ«
Ǫ țȋȓț ț ȗȍȟȒȐ ȟȐȚȈȍȚ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȐȍ ȊȍȌȖȔȖșȚȐ ȓȣșȣȑ ȗȐșȈȘȤ Ȑȏ ȘȈȚțȠȐ Ƕȕ
ȖȚȊȖȌȐȚ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȖȚ șȚȘȖȒ ǫȓȧȌȐȚ ȗȖȊȍȘȝ ȖȟȒȖȊ ǯȕȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘȣ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȍ
ȔȖȋțȚ ȖȉșțȎȌȈȚȤșȧ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ Ȑ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȈȦȡȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȍȚ
— Ǻȣ ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȣȑ Ȉ ȉȍȏ ȚȖȓȒț ǹțȌȈȟȐȠȤ Ȉ ȉȍȏ ȗȖȓȤȏȣ ǹȖȖȉȡȈȍȠȤ
Ȉȕ Ȑ șȖȊȘȈȓ ǫȘȈȔȖȚȍ Țȍȉȧ ȕȍ țȟȐȓȐ
ǰ Ȗȕ ȟȐȚȈȍȚ
— ǪȟȍȘȈ Ȋ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȋ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȗȘȐȉȣȓ Ȋ ǷȘȈȋț Ȑȏ Ǫȍȕȣ — Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȗȈ-
ȓȍȞ — unser grosse und geliebte Tonkünstler Herr Mozart ǷȖȕȧȓ" Herr Mozart!
Ǩ Țȣ — ǴȖȏȍȘ Ǩ Țȣ — ȉȍȏ șȗȖȘț Ȑ ȉȍȏ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ ǵȍ ǴȖȏȍȘ ȗȈȘȍȕȤ Ȉ ǴȖȞȈȘȚ
ǵȖ ǲȖȕȐȟȍȒ țȗȘȧȔ Ȑ ȎȐȊȍȚ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȘȈȊȌȖȑ
— ǩȍȏ șȗȖȘț — ȉȓȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȅȚȖ ȔȖȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ șȓȖȊȖ ǷȖȌ ȗȘȐșȧȋȖȑ ȕȍ
ȖȚȘȍȒțșȤ

ǰǳǳǾ

ǫȖȘȉȈȚȣȑ ȅȕȋȍȓȤ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȈ ȊȣșȚȈȊȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ
Ǫ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȕȍȌȍȓȤ ȧ ȘȈȏȣșȒȐȊȈȓ ț ȉțȒȐȕȐșȚȖȊ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȍ ǬȈȕȐȍȓȧ
ǽȖȌȖȊȍȞȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖȗȈȓ Ȓ șȚȈȘȐȒț ǷȖ-ȗȚȐȟȤȐ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȈȧ ȗȖȒȘȣ-
ȚȈȧ ȋțșȚȣȔȐ șȍȌȣȔȐ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȊȏȌȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ ȈȕȚȐȒȊȈȘ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓ șȗȘȈȊȖȟ-
ȕȐȒ Ȑ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȖ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚȟȍȒȈȕȐȓ
— ǹțȌȈȘȤ ǬȈȕȐȍȓȤ ǽȖȌȖȊȍȞȒȐȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȍȔ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ« Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ș ȊȈ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ ȋȘȈȜȐȒȖȔ
— Ǫȣ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȈȊȣ Ƕȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ
ǰ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȖȌȘȈȏȕȐȚȤ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ
— Ǫ ǬȘȍȏȌȍȕȍ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȅȕ-
ȋȍȓȤ ǵȖ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ǽȖȌȖȊȍȞȒȐȑ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ©Die Reise nach Danzig».
— ǹțȌȈȘȤ ǵȍ ȊȈȔ țȟȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȏȈȕȧȚ șȊȖȐȝ ȌȍȓȖȔ  ȓȍȚ«
ǫȖȘȉțȕ ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȍ șȖȘȊȈȓ ȍȍ ș ȗȍȚȍȓȤ Ȑ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȔ ȌȊȐȎȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ ȘțȒȐ țȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȌȖȘȖȋț
— ǹ ǩȖȋȖȔ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȌȍșȧȚȤ Ȍȕȍȑ ȧ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȓȈȊȒț ȌȍȘȎȈ ȗȖȌ ȔȣȠȒȖȑ ©ǷțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍª ǬȈ-
ȕȐȍȓȧ ǽȖȌȖȊȍȞȒȖȋȖ ǫȖȘȉțȕ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ Ȋ ȓțȗț ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȔȐȕȐȈȚȦȘȒț ǴȖȓ-
ȟȈ ȧ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȒȕȐȋț ȅȕȋȍȓȤ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȊȣȚȧȕțȚȤ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȊȘȖșȠțȦ
Ȋ ȐșȒȘȐȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȝȘȍȉȍȚ
— Die Reise... — ȖȚȘȣȊȐșȚȖ ȗȘȖȟȍȓ ȈȕȚȐȒȊȈȘ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍșȍȒșȧ
Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȈȔȧȚȕȣȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ Ȕȣ șȚȈȓȐ ȌȘțȏȤȧȔȐ ȅȕȋȍȓȤ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȍ șȚȈȊ-
ȕȐ ȕȈ ȖȒȕȈȝ ȓȈȊȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȟȈȍȔ ș ȌȍȠȍȊȣȔ ȘȖȔȖȔ ǫȌȍ-ȚȖ ȋȘȖȔȣȝȈȓȐ Țȍ-
ȓȍȋȐ Ȑ ȗȓȈȒȈȓȐ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȏȣ țȔȖȓȧȧ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȖ Ȕȣ — ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȓȦȉȖȊ-
ȕȐȒȐ Ȕȣ Ȋ ȚȐȠȐȕȍ ȗȖȓțȗȖȌȊȈȓȈ ȉȓȈȋȖȋȖȊȍȑȕȖ șȖȏȍȘȞȈȓȐ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȐȍ ȔȐȕțȊ-
ȠȍȋȖ
ǹȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȍ ȒȕȐȋȐ ȌȣȠȈȓȐ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȓȈȌȈȕȖȔ Ȑ ȏȈșțȠȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȞȊȍȚȈȔȐ
ȚțșȒȓȖ ȔȍȘȞȈȓȖ ȉȓȍȒȓȖȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȔȐȕȐȈȚȦȘ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȋȈȔȍȕȚȍ ȔȈ-
ȕțșȒȘȐȗȚȖȊ — Ȕȣ ȒȈșȈȓȐșȤ ȊȖșȝȐȡȍȕȕȖȑ ȓȈȌȖȕȤȦ ȜȈȘȜȖȘȖȊȣȝ ȟȈȠȍȒ ȕȈ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȝ ȞȊȍȓȐ ȘȖȏȣ Ȑ ȚȦȓȤȗȈȕȣ ǰȝ ȉȍȏțȗȘȍȟȕȈȧ ȜȖȘȔȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȍȑ ȗȓȍ-
ȟȈ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȑ Ǵȣ șȗȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗ ȋȍȘȉȈȝ Ȑ ȗȖȕȐȎȈȓȐ ȋȖȓȖș ȌȖ ȠȍȗȖȚȈ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȘȈȏ-
ȋȈȌȈȚȤ ȠȐȜȘ ǲȈȏȈȕȖȊȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șțȓȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȚȍȓȦ șȓȈȊț Ȑ șȟȈșȚȤȍ
ǷȖȏȌȕȖ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȕȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ ȉȖȓȚ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖ-ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȋȖȘȉțȕ ȕȈșȚȈȊȕȐȟȍșȒȐ Ȑ ȌȘțȎȍșȒȐ ȗȖȝȓȖȗȣȊȈȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖ șȗȐȕȍ ȗȓȍȟȈ ȍȔț
ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȌȖșȚȈȚȤ ȘȈșșțȎȌȈȓ
— ǪȣșȖȒȖȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȓțȟȠȍȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȕȍȔȖȍ Ȑ ȕȍȚȓȍȕȕȖȍ — ȖȉȡȈȚȤșȧ ș ȕȐȔȐ
ǺȈȒ Ȋ ȚȐȠȐ ȕȖȟȐ ǲȕȐȋȈ — ȕȍ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȞȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ țȉȍȎȐȚ ǿȍȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȋȣ
ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȍȍ ȗȖșȚȐȋȈȚȤ ȚȍȔ ȕȍȘțȠȐȔȍȑ ȊȈȠȈ șȊȧȏȤ ș ȕȍȦ ǵȖ ș ǽȖȌȖȊȍȞȒȐȔ ȧ
ȖșȍȒșȧ ǯȈ  ȓȍȚ ȚȈȒ ȋȘțȉȖ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ
— ǯȈȚȖ Ȋȣ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȓȐ șȖȖȉȡȕȐȒȈ
— ǹȖȉȘȈȚȈ ȇ ȗȤȦ ȟȈȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȌȐȕ ǵȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚȍ Ȋ șțȉȉȖȚț ǵȈ ȔȖȍȔ șȚȖ-
ȓȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȉțȌțȚ ȌȊȍ ȟȈȠȒȐ Ǵȕȍ ȟțȌȐȚșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣ ȋȖȌȣ«
***

48
ǵȖ Ȋ șțȉȉȖȚț ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȈȊȍșȚȐȚȤ ȅȕȋȍȓȧ ȇ ȉȍȎȈȓ Ȑȏ ǷȘȈȋȐ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȖȚ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȟȐ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȘȈșșȒȈȎț Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȘȈȏ ǹȐȌȧ Ȋ ȋȓțȝȖȔ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȍ ȌȖȔȐ-
ȕȐȒȈȕȞȍȊ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȧ șȘȍȌȕȍȊȍȒȖȊțȦ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȕțȦ ȒȕȐȋț ȧ Ȓȓȧȓ ȓȍȋȒȖ-
ȔȣșȓȍȕȕțȦ ȦȕȖșȚȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȓȈȚȣȕȤ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ǩȖȎȤȍȑ ȒȈȘȖȑ
ǳȐȓȖȊȈȧ ȗȍȕȈ ȞȊȍȚțȡȍȑ șȐȘȍȕȐ ȏȣȉȓȧșȤ ȉȐȓȈ Ȋ ȔȖȍ ȖȒȕȖ ȏȊȍȕȍȓ Ȋ țȘȖȟ-
ȕȣȑ ȟȈș ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓ Ȑ ȋȓțȝȖ ȘȖȒȖȚȈȓ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȖȘȋȈȕ ȏȈ ȊȍȒȖȊȖȑ șȚȍȕȖȦ Șȧ-
ȌȖȔ
ȇ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȅȕȋȍȓȦ ȗȘȖșȧ ȐȏȊȐȕȧȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȣȑ ȖȚȢȍȏȌ ǿȍ-
Șȍȏ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȧ ȟȐȚȈȓ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȍ șȚȘȖȟȒȐ
©ǻȊȈȎȈȍȔȣȑ ȌȘțȋ Ǫȣ ȕȍȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȓȐ ȕȍȝȖȘȖȠȖ — ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȐ-
ȟȐȕȣ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȋȣ ȗȐȠȐȚȍ — ȖȕȐ ȕȍțȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȣ ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȚȖ ȈȘȖȔȈȚ ȟȈȧ
Ȑȏ ȜȈȘȜȖȘȖȊȣȝ ȟȈȠȍȒ ǷȐȘȒȍȕȝȈȔȔȍȘȈ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȍȑ ȟȍȔ ȚȖ ȉȓȈȋȖțȝȈȕȐȍ șȐȘȍȕȍ-
Ȋȣȝ ȒțșȚȖȊ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȊȈȠȐ ȝȖȏȧȍȊȈ ȧ țȉȍȎȌȍȕ ȗȘȖȋȖȕȧȦȚ ȏȈȔȍȠȒȈȊȠȐȝșȧ
șȖȓȖȊȤȍȊ ȚȘȍȡȖȚȒȖȑ ȕȖȟȕȖȋȖ șȚȖȘȖȎȈª
ǴȖȍ ȊȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȉȍȏ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ
ǻȊȣ ǴȖȧ ȓȈȚȣȕȤ ȗȖȔȕȐȓȈ șȚȈȘȣȍ ȖȉȐȌȣ Ȑ ȧ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖ-
ȏȌȕȍȑ ȖșȍȕȤȦ
ǿȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȚȖșȒȓȐȊȍȍ ȎȈȓȖȉ ȌȖȎȌȍȊȖȑ ȊȖȌȣ Ȋ șȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȚȘțȉȍ ȕȖȟȤȦ"
ǻȓȐȞȈ ǸȣȞȈȘȍȑ ȉȣȓȈ ȗțșȚȈ ȚȍȘȧȧșȤ Ȋ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȔ ȚțȔȈȕȍ ǹȒȊȖȏȕȧȒ ȗȖȠȈȚȣȊȈȓ
Ȋ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȍ ȒȍȘȖșȐȕȖȊȣȑ ȜȖȕȈȘȤ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȉȐȓȈșȤ ȗȖȘȊȈȕȕȈȧ ȗȈțȚȐȕȈ ǲȈȗ-
ȓȐ ȠȓȍȗȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȓțȎț ȊȏȌțȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ ȗțȏȣȘȐ ȓȖȗȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȋȓțȗȖ Ȑ ȕȈȏȖȑȓȐ-
ȊȖ Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȗȈȌț Ȓ șȍȉȍ ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ǫțșȚȈȊ ȉȣȓ ȖȗȧȚȤ
ȗȤȧȕ Ȑ ȕȍ șȓȣȝȈȓ șȚțȒȈ ǲȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȧ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȐ Ȕȕȍ
ȠȔȣȋȕțȓȐ ȔȣȠȐ
ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȑȚȍșȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȖȓȋȖȋȖ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȧ Ȋ Țț Ȏȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȋȌȍ
Ȋȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȎȐȓȐ ǵȍ șȌțȊȈȑȚȍ ȗȣȓȤ șȖ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȈ ȍșȓȐ șȍȘȌȞȍ ț ȊȈș ȕȍ
ȘȍȏȐȕȖȊȣȑ Ȕȧȟ ǶȕȖ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤșȒȐ țȒȈȎȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȊȐșȒȈȝ șȚȈȓȖ ȍȡȍ ȉȖ-
ȓȤȠȍ șȍȌȣȝ ȊȖȓȖș Ȉ ȏȈȉȣȚȈȧ ȌȍȊȐȟȤȧ ȗȍȘȟȈȚȒȈ Ȋ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȔ ȝȓȈȔȍ șȚȖȓȈ Ȏȋțȟȍ țȒȖ-
ȓȍȚ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ ȕȈȗȖȔȕȐȊ ȟȚȖ ȘțȒȈ ȕȖșȐȊȠȈȧ ȍȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȖșȚȣȓȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍ-
ȎȐȚ ȊȈȔ
ǵȈ șȚȖȓȍ ȓȍȎȈȓ șȊȍȘȚȖȒ Ȑ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȇ țȏȕȈȓ șȚȈȘȖȔȖȌȕȣȑ ȗȖȟȍȘȒ ȅȕȋȍȓȧ Ȑ
ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȣȑ ȥȗȐȋȘȈȜ ©ǳȍȚȖ ǫȖșȗȖȌȕȍȍ -Ȗȍ ǭȋȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȦȡȍȍ
șȓȈȊțª ǶȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȖ ȍȡȍ ȊȍșȕȖȑ
©ǴȖȑ ȌȘțȋ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȘȖȔȈȕȈȝ ȕȖ Ȑ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ȧ
țȍȏȎȈȦ Ȋ ǬȈȘȔȠȚȈȌȚ Ȑ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȔȖȑ șȚȈȘȣȑ
ȋȖȘȉ țșȍȓȈșȤ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȕȈ ȏȈȉȖȚȈ ǻȔȍȘ ȔȖȑ ȉȘȈȚ — ȚȖȘȋȖȊȍȞ ȒȈȘȚȐȕ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ Ȕȕȍ
ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȕȈșȓȍȌșȚȊȖ Ǫȣ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȣ — ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȊȈȠ ȉțȌțȡȐȑ ȟȐȚȈ-
ȚȍȓȤ ȊȍȌȤ Ȋȣ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȧȒȈ ȖȗȐȠȍȚȍ ȕȈȠț ȊșȚȘȍȟț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȚ ȟȚȖ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒ ȔȖȐȝ ȓȍȚ ȔȖȋ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤ ȕȈșȐȎȍȕȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȑ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ǵȖ ȔȐȓȣȍ ȒȕȐ-
ȋȐ ȜȈȘȜȖȘ Ȑ ȋȘȈȊȦȘȣ țȎȍ Ȋ ǬȈȘȔȠȚȈȌȚȍ Ǩ Ȋȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȌțȔȈȑȚȍșȤ ȊȍȌȤ ȧ ȘȖ-
ȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ ǬȈȘȔȠȚȈȌȚȍ ȧ ȓȦȉȐȓ Ȋ ǬȈȘȔȠȚȈȌȚȍ ȌȈ-ȌȈ Ȑ ȒȈȓȍȒȐ ȓȦȉȧȚ Ȑ ȧ ȖșȚȈ-
ȊȐȓ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȍ ȔȖȋȐȓȣ Ȋ ǬȈȘȔȠȚȈȌȚȍ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȍȌț ȚțȌȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȏȈȔȒȕțȚȤ ©ȒȘțȋ

49
ȎȐȏȕȐª Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ Ȕȣ ȟȐȚȈȓȐ ș ȊȈȔȐ ț ǰȖȋȈȕȕȈ ǫȦȉȍȕȚȈȓȤșȒȖȋȖ ǲȈȒ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ
Ȗ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍ ȧ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦ ȊȈȔ ȗȍȘșȚȍȕȤ Ȑȏ ȓȧȗȐș-ȓȈȏțȘȐ ǹȐȔȊȖȓȐȒț ȞȊȍ-
ȚȖȊ Ǫȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȥȚȖ ȞȊȍȚ ȗȘȍșȚȖȓȈ șȓȈȊȣ ǫȖșȗȖȌȕȍȑ ȚȊȍȘȌȐ ȕȍȉȍșȕȖȑ Ȑ ȉȍșșȔȍȘ-
ȚȐȧ ǰ ȍȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȑȌȍȕȕȣȝ ȔȕȖȦ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȓȐșȚȒȖȊ Ȑȏ ȌȕȍȊȕȐȒȈ
ȒȕȧȋȐȕȐ ǯȈȋȕȐȞ Ȑ ȍȍ ȊȍȍȘ ǻȊȣ Ƕȕ ȕȍ șȔȖȋ ȖȚȖȋȕȈȚȤ ȖȚ ȍȍ ȟȍȓȈ ȌȊțȝ Țȍȕȍȑ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȍȏȘȐȔȣ ȕȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ș ȕȈȔȐ — ȉȍȌȣ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ
***
ǪȍȍȘ ǿȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ Ȋȣ șȓȣȠȐȚȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȒȖȓȌțȦȡȍȔ șȓȖȊȍ ȔțȏȣȒț ȌȈȓȍȑ țȠȍȌ-
ȠȍȋȖ ǪȈȓȤș Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȔ ȏȈȓȍ ȋȌȍ șȐȧȍȚ șȖȕȔȖȔ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȝ ȖșȐȧȕȕȣȝ șȚȘȍȓ ȏȊȍ-
ȕȧȡȈȧ ȓȦșȚȘȈ ǪȖȚ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ȋ ȋȓțȝȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȋȌȍ șȒȘȍȉțȚșȧ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ
ȔȣȠȐ ǭȋȖ șȚȊȖȘȒȐ Ȑȏ ȗȈȓȍȊȖȋȖ ȠȍȓȒȈ ȘȈșȗȐșȈȕȣ ȐșȒțșȕȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȎȐȊȖȗȐșȞȈ
Ǩ ȟȍȘȍȗȈȝȖȊȈȧ ȐȕȒȘțșȚȈȞȐȧ țȒȘȈșȐȓȈ ȘțȟȒț ȋȌȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȚȓȐȊȖ ȐȏȖȋȕțȓȖșȤ ȏȖȓȖ-
ȚȖȍ «Z», țȊȍȕȟȈȕȕȖȍ ȒȕȧȎȍșȒȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȕȖȑ ǿȤȧ ȓȈȌȖȕȤ« ȇ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ Ȑ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
ȖȚ ȌȖșȈȌȣ Ǩȝ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȑ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȑ ǫțșȚȈȊ ǵȖ ȓȐșȚȒȐ ȌȕȍȊȕȐȒȈ Ȑȝ ȕȍȔȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȌȈ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȑ ȕȍȚ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ ȌȖȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȍ ȐȔ șȊȧȏȈȕȣ ș ȊȍȍȘȖȔ
 ȐȦȕȧ  ȋȖȌȈ
ǷȘȐȍȝȈȓ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȗȈȗȖȟȒȈ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȚȤ — ȔȐȓȣȑ ȗȈȗȈ ǪȍȌȤ Ȕȕȍ
șȍȋȖȌȕȧ  ȓȍȚ Ǩȝ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ țșȚȈȓ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ǴȍȚȚȍȘȕȐȝȈ Ƕȕ șȖȊșȍȔ șȚȈȘȣȑ șȚȈȓ
ǷȈȗȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ©ǪȍȕȈ țȚȖȔȓȧȍȚ ȌȍȚȒȈª Ǵȣ ȋțȓȧȓȐ Ȋ ȗȖȓȍ ǰ ȧ ȕȈȘȊȈȓȈ ȉțȒȍȚ
ȊȈșȐȓȤȒȖȊ Ȑȝ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖ ȘȎȐ Ȑ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȘȖȔȈȠȍȒ Ǩ ȊȖȚ șȍȑȟȈș ȌțȔȈȦ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȕȐȔȈȦ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȇ ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȓȈ Ȓ ȗȈȗȍ Ȉ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȓȣȉ-
ȕțȓșȧ Ȕȕȍ Ǩȝ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȉȣȓ ȌȍȕȤ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȧ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȍȓȈ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ —
ȕȈ ȗȖȓȍ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȖ Ȑ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȝȓȣȕțȓȈ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȟțȚȤ-ȟțȚȤ ȌȈȎȍ ȘȈș-
ȗȓȈȒȈȓȈșȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȈȗȈ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȑ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȓȖȉ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖȚ ȥȚȖȚ ȋȘȍȒ
Ȋșȍ ȐșȗȖȘȚȐȓ ǰ ȏȈȟȍȔ ȗȈȗȈ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ ȍȋȖ ș șȖȉȖȦ? ǰ ȗȖ-ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ șȒȊȍȘ-
ȕȖ Ȗȕ Ȑ țȠȐ ȗȘȖȎțȎȎȈȓ Ȕȕȍ Ȗ ȗȈȚȘȐȖȚȐȏȔȍ ǵȈȋȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȧ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȈ ȞȊȍȚȣ
Ȑ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȋȈȌȒȖ șȘȈȏț Ȑ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ șȚȣȌȕȖ ǻ ȕȍȋȖ
ȘȖȚ ȎȈȉȐȑ ț ȥȚȖȋȖ ȋȘȍȒȈ ǵȖ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȍ ȉțȌț ȗȐșȈȚȤ ǷȈȗȈ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ Ȕȕȍ ȟțȌȕȣȑ
ȊȍȍȘ Ƕȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȘȐșțȍȚ ǪȈȓȤȚȍȘ ǪȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȧ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ǪȈȓȤȚȍȘȈ ȕȈ-
ȘȐșȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȓȍȊȖȔ ȖȊȈȓȍ ȊȈșȐȓȍȒ Ȑ ȘȖȔȈȠȒț Ȉ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȍȡȍ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȇ
ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȍȡȍ Ǩ ț ©ǬȐȈȕȣª ȠȍșȚȤ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ
 ȐȦȕȧ  ȋȖȌȈ
ǪȈȓȤȚȍȘ ȕȈȘȐșȖȊȈȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖ ǾȊȍȚȣ ȒȈȒ ȎȐȊȣȍ ǷȈȗȖȟȒȈ ȗȖȝȊȈȓȐȓ
ȍȋȖ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǪȈȓȤȚȍȘ țȠȍȓ — șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǲȖȋȌȈ ȧ țȔȘț Țȣ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȚȊȖȑ ȖȚȍȞ ǷțșȚȤ
ȚȊȖȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉțȌțȚ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȧșȕȣ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖȚ șȐȕȐȑ ȞȊȍȚȖȟȍȒ Ȉ ȌțȠȈ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȟȐșȚȈ

50
ȒȈȒ ȥȚȈ ȘȖȔȈȠȒȈ — ǰ ȗȘȖ șȍȉȧ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ — Vierge des champs.
ǲ ȖȉȍȌț ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ ȒțȘȤȍȘ ǴȍȚȚȍȘȕȐȝ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ ȗȈȗț
 șȍȕȚȧȉȘȧ  ȋȖȌȈ
ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȧ ȏȈȒȈȏȈȓȈ ǰȏȈȉȥ ȕȈȘȐșȖȊȈȚȤ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȔȍȌȈȓȤȖȕ ǰȏȈȉȥ ȗȐșȈȓ Ȋ ȗȘȖ-
ȠȓȖȔ ȋȖȌț ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ ǰȔȗȍȘȈȚȘȐȞȣ Ȑ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȊȒțș ǴȣșȓȤ ȥȚȈ ȗȘȐȠ-
ȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȉȈȓȈ ǷțșȚȤ ȗȈȗȐȕ ȊȍȍȘ ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ț Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȌȖȔȈ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ Ƕȕ ȌȖȗȖȓȕȐȚ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȕȍȊȕȐȒ ǰ șȈȔȖȍ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ ȧ ȉțȌț
ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȊȍȍȘȍ Ȋșȍ șȈȔȖȍ-șȈȔȖȍ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ ǪȍȌȤ ȖȕȖ țȎȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖ ǲȈȒ ȉȓȈ-
ȋȖȘȖȌȍȕ ȍȋȖ ȋȍȘȉ Ȑ ȌȍȊȐȏ ©ǿȍșȚȤ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕȖșȚȤª ǩțȌț ȓȐ ȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȖșȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ
ȐȔȧ"
ǵȈ ȊȚȖȘȖȔ ȔȍȌȈȓȤȖȕȍ ȗȖȌȈȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȕȕȍ ȅȕȋȍȓȍȔ ȊȍȍȘȈ ȉȣȓ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕ ȋȍȘȉ:
ȡȐȚȖȒ ș ȋȖȓțȉȣȔ ȗȖȓȍȔ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȈȧ ȠȗȈȋȈ Ȋ ȕȍȔ Ȑ ȈȓȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǪȕȐȏț ©Ho-
nor et fidelitas».
 ȔȈȧ  ȋȖȌȈ
ȇ ȚȈȒ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ ȟȚȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȠȓȈ ȧ ȌȍșȧȚȒȐ țȓȐȞ ǰ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȔȖȦ ȘțȒț Ȋȏȧȓ ǸțȌȖȓȤȜ ȧ ȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȒȓȧȓȈșȤ
șȊȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ǬȍȊȍ ǴȈȘȐȐ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȖȚȌȈȔ ȍȍ ȍȔț ȊșȦ ȌȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȚȖȓȟȒȈ șȍȘȌ-
ȞȈ ǷȘȖȊȖȌȐȊ ȕȈș ȗȈȗȖȟȒȈ șȒȈȏȈȓ ǸțȌȖȓȤȜț ©ǲȕȧȏȤ ȧ ȖȚȌȈȦ ȊȈȔ șȊȖȦ ȌȖȟȤ
— ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȍșȚȤ — Ȑ ȧ ȝȖȟț ȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋȣ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȐȔ ȏȧȚȍȔ ȕȖ Ȑ șȣȕȖȔª Ǫ ȖȚȊȍȚ ǸțȌȖȓȤȜ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȘțȒț ȗȈȗȍ
ȇ ȋȖȘȧȟȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȓȈ ǩȖȋȈ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȏȈ ȔȖȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ǵȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȠ-
ȕȖ
ǵȈ ȊȍȍȘȍ ȐȏȖȡȘȍȕȕȣȔ țȏȖȘȖȔ ȉȣȓȈ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȈ ȌȈȚȈ
 ȐȦȕȧ  ȋȖȌȈ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȗȧȚȕȐȞț ǲȈȒȖȍ ȥȚȖ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȍ Ǩ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ Ȑ ȗȖȒȖȑ
ǸțȌȖȓȤȜ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȘțȒȐ șȚȖȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȉ ȧ ȚȈȒ Ȗș-
ȓȈȉȍȓȈ ȟȚȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȍȒȓȐ Ȑȏ ȋȓȈȏ șȓȍȏȣ ȇ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȍȔț ©Ǻȣ — ȋȓț-
ȗȣȑ ȊȍȌȤ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȚȊȖȑ ȚȖȎȍ ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȐ Ȗȕ ȗȖȝȖȎ ȕȈ Țȍȉȧ ȒȈȒ ȌȊȍ ȒȈȗȓȐ ȊȖȌȣ Ȑ
ȋȓȈȏȈ ȚȊȖȐ — ȒȈȘȐȍ
Ƿțȝȓȣȍ ȌȍȚșȒȐȍ ȡȍȒȐ Ȑ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȧ țȋȈȌȣȊȈȦ ȕȈ ȊȍȍȘȍ ȕȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȉȣȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȟȈȘȣ

 ȖȒȚȧȉȘȧ  ȋȖȌȈ
ȇ ȕȍ șȓȣȠț ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȌȣȠȐȚ ȇ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȋȖȌ ȕȍ șȓȣȠț ȒȈȒ ȌȣȠȐȚ ȔȖȑ Șȍȉȍ-
ȕȖȒ ǸțȌȖȓȤȜ ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț șȕȧȚȤ ȚȘȈțȘȈ Ƕȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȧ ȕȍ
ȉțȌț ȉȖȘȖȚȤșȧ ș ȋȖȘȍȔ ȧ țȊȧȕț
ǯȖȓȖȚȖȑ ȕȍȉȖșȒȓȖȕ ȔȍȌȈȓȤȖȕȈ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȓȈ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȔȖȓȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȝȖȓȔȐȒȍ ȗȓȈ-
ȒțȟȈȧ ȐȊȈ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȕȣȑ ȞȖȒȖȓȤ Ȑ țȘȕȈ
 ȈȗȘȍȓȧ  ȋȖȌȈ
ȇ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȓȈ ȥȚȐȔ ȗȐșȤȔȈȔ ȥȚȐȔ țȎȈșȕȣȔ ȗȐșȤȔȈȔ Ǩȝ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȗȈȗȈ țȊȐ-
ȌȈȓ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȊȖȦ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȦ ǵȖ ȥȚȖ — ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȉȍȏȎȈȓȖșȚȕȈȧ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ǰ ȥȚȖ șȌȍ-
ȓȈȓ ǸțȌȖȓȤȜ ǺȈȕȞȖȊȡȐȞȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȌȍȓȐȚ
ǹȓțȟȈȑ șȒȘȣȓ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȍȍ ǭȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȚȖ ȊȓȈȌȍȓ ȚȈȑȕȖȑ Ȋȍȍ-
ȘȈ ȉȣȓ ȅȕȋȍȓȤ ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȚȘȐ șȚȊȖȘȒȐ Ȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȐșȚȒȖȊ ȌȕȍȊȕȐȒȈ ȏȈ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȧ ȉȣȓȐ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȍȕȣ ȔȣȠȈȔȐ ȇ ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȓ ȗȤȧȕȐȞț ǫțș-
ȚȈȊȈ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ șȊȍȘȚȖȒ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȍ ȕȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȊ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȗ ȗȖȌȈȘȒȍ ǵȖ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ
ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ ©ǵȍ ȓțȟȠȍ ȓȐ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȍȔ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌ-
ȕȍȑ ȚȍȕȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȓȍȋȓȈ ȕȈ ȟȍȓȖ ȚȖȑ ȒȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȑ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȖȑ ȘȖȉȒȖȑ
ȕȍȊȍșȚȖȑ ȎȍȕȖȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȤȦ Ȑª
ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȣ Ȑ ȉțȌȍȚȍ Ȋ ǬȈȘȔȠȚȈȌȚȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚȍșȤ Ȓ ȅȕȋȍȓȦ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ
ȔȖȓȟȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȔȣȠȐ ȐȏȋȘȣȏȓȐ ȊȍȍȘ ȇ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȏȕȈȦ
șȍȋȖȌȕȧ

ǿǶǻǮǱǼǱǮ
Ƕȕ ȝȞȎȔȟȘȖȣ șȓȑȓțȒ

53
ǭșȓȐ ȧ ȏȈȉțȌț Țȍȉȧ ǰȍȘțșȈȓȐȔ ȗțșȚȤ ȏȈȉțȌȍȚșȧ
ȗȘȈȊȈȧ ȘțȒȈ ȔȖȧ ǷțșȚȤ ȗȘȐȓȤȕȍȚ ȧȏȣȒ ȔȖȑ Ȓ ȋȖȘȚȈ-
ȕȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ȉțȌț ȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ Țȍȉȧ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ȗȖșȚȈȊ-
ȓȦ ǰȍȘțșȈȓȐȔȈ ȊȣȠȍ ȊȍșȍȓȐȧ ȔȖȍȋȖ
ǷșȈȓȖȔ 
ǰ ȗȘȐȊȍȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚțȌȈ Ȑ ȊȖȚ ȔțȎ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȊȐȌ
ȉȣȓ ȒȈȒ ȉȓȍșȒ ȔȍȌȐ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȐȚȧȕȖȑ șȕțȘȖȒ
Ȑ ȚȘȖșȚȤ Ȍȓȧ ȐȏȔȍȘȍȕȐȧ Ȑ șȚȖȧȓ Ȗȕ ț ȊȖȘȖȚ
ǰȍȏȍȒȐȐȓȤ 40
ǹȔȍȘȚȕȣȑ ǭșȓȐ ȋȓȈȏ ȚȊȖȑ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȚ ȊȍȚȊȐ ș ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔȐ ȗȓȖȌȈȔȐ ȏȈ ȒȈȔȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ șȚȍȕȖȑ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ȕȍȦ ȗțșȚȣȘȤ ȋȌȍ ȘȈșȚȍȚ ȉțȘȤȧȕ ǭșȓȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȚȊȖȐ
ȉȍșșȐȓȤȕȣ țȏȘȍȚȤ ȗȖȌ șȒȈȓȖȑ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ șȚțȌȍȕȖȑ ȊȖȌȣ ȕȍ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȑ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ
ȒȖȗȖȠȈȚșȧ șȓȍȗȣȍ ȟȍȘȊȐ ǭșȓȐ țȠȐ ȚȊȖȐ ȟțȦȚ Ȋ ȕȖȟȐ ȠȖȘȖȝ ȕȍ ȉȈȝȊȈȓȤșȧ
ȉțȌȚȖ Țȣ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȖȗȈȊȠȐȔ ȓȐșȚȖȔ ȠțȘȠȐȚ ȊȍȚȍȘ ǰȉȖ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ
ȕȍȎȌȈȕȕȈ ȗȖșȚțȗȤ ȈȕȋȍȓȈ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȖȊȍșȕȣ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȥȚȖ Ȗȕ
ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ Țȣ ȗȖșȚȐȋ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȕȈȠȐ — ȋȖȘșȚȤ ȗȍȗȓȈ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ, ȥȚȖ
ȍȋȖ ȗȓȈȡ ȓȐȓȖȊȣȑ ȒȖșȕțȓșȧ șȚțȗȍȕȐ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȖȘȖȋȈ ǰȉȖ ȗȘȍȌȍȓ — ȌȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǰ ȍȔț țȒȈȏȈȓ ǩȖȋ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȖȟȤ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȌȍȕȤ șȈȔ Ȏȍ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȍșȚȤ
Ȑ ȉțȌȍȚ Ȋȕȍ ȔȍȘȣ
ǳȦȌȐ ȊȣȌțȔȈȓȐ Ȋȍșȣ Ȑ ȈȘȠȐȕ ǶȚȚȖȋȖ Ȑ ȓȍȚȖȗȐșȍȞ ȊȍȌȍȚ șȟȍȚ ȋȖȌȈȔȐ Ȑ Ȋȍ-
ȒȈȔȐ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȣȓȖ ǹȖȋȕțȊ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȘțȒȍ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ
ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ Ȑ ȊȗȐșȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȋȈȔȍȕȚȍ ȟȐșȓȖ șȚȖȓȍȚȐȑ ǸȈșȒȘȣȊ
ȊȍȚȝȐȍ ȓȐșȚȣ ȗȘȖȟȚȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȥȚȖ șȍȔȤ ȊȍȒȖȊ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ șȍȔȤ Ȋȍ-
ȒȖȊ" ǸȈȏȊȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ" ǸȈȏȊȍ ȥȚȖ șȍȔȤ șȊȍȟȍȑ ȗȣȓȈȦ-
ȡȐȝ ȕȈ ȈȓȚȈȘȍ" ǹȍȔȤ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȏȍȘȍȕ ȓȈȌȈȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȖȎȎȍȠȤ ȟȚȖȉ ȔȣșȓȤ ȚȊȖȧ
ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ ș ȒȓțȉȈȔȐ ȌȣȔȈ Ȓ ȗȘȍșȚȖȓț ǪȍȟȕȖȋȖ" ǹȍȔȤ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ — ȔȕȖȋȖ ǰ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ǷȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȕȈȌȋȘȖȉȤȍ ǹȈȘȣ ǲȈȚȞ Ȑȏ ȒȖȓȍȕȈ ǨȈȘȖȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȍȕȈ ȕȈ
șȐȘȍȕȍȊȖȔ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȍ ǩȍȚȝ-ǽȈȐȔ șȔȐȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȖȚȍș ȊȣșȍȒ ȋȖȌ ȠȍșȚȤșȖȚ Ƞȍ-
șȚȖȑ ȕȖ ȊȍȌȤ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ țȎȍ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȕȍȘțȠȐȔȖȑ ǪȍȟȕȖ-ǵȖȊȈȧ șȐȕȈȋȖȋȈ ǴȖȎȍȚ
șȍȔȤȌȍșȧȚ șȍȔȤ ȊȍȒȖȊ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȏȈȌ"
ǳȍȚȖȗȐșȍȞ ȊȍȌȍȚ șȟȍȚ ȗȖ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔ Ȉ Ȑȝ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ț Ȋșȍȝ șȣȕȖȊ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ ȊșȍȋȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ǲȈȒ ȕȍ ȖȠȐȉȐȚȤșȧ" ǬȈȎȍ ȍșȓȐ ȓȦȉȐȠȤ șȊȖȍȋȖ
ǩȖȋȈ
ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȒȈȒ Ȋȧȏ, ȘȈșȡȍȗȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȉțȘȍȑ ǰȖȠțȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ
ȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ǵȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȑ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȏȈȔȒȈ ǫȘȈȌ-
ȟȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȕȖ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ǸȐȔȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȓȐȠȤ ȊȖȓȟȤȧ ȗȍȡȍȘȈ
ǹȓȍȗȖȑ ȕȍ șȚȈȕȍȚ ȏȘȧȟȐȔ ȍșȓȐ șȒȈȎȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȐȚ șȖȓȕȞȍ — ȥȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȓț-
ȟȐ ȗȘȖȕȏȈȦȚ ȍȋȖ ȗțșȚȣȍ ȊȍȒȐ Ǵȣ Ȋșȍ șȓȍȗȞȣ ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȐȕ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚ ȒȈȒ

54
ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȎȐ ȗȣȓȈȦȡȍȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ Ȉ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȒȈȔȍȕȕțȦ șȚȍȕț șȈ-
ȌȈ ȏȈ ȐȏȋȖȘȖȌȤ ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȘȈșȚțȚ șȖȘȕȣȍ ȚȘȈȊȣ
ǷȖȝȊȈȓȤȉȈ ȊȍȘȐȚ Ȋ ȕȍȗȖȋȘȍȠȐȔțȦ ȔȍȘț Ȉ șȔȐȘȍȕȐȍ — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȊț Ǫȍȟ-
ȕȖȑ ȒȕȐȋȐ Ǩ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȗȘȖȘȖȒ șȒȈȏȈȓ țșȚȈȔȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ ǩȖȋȈ ©ǰ ȕȈȒȖȘȔȓȦ Ȑȝ ȗȓȖ-
ȚȐȦ șȣȕȖȊ Ȑȝ Ȑ ȗȓȖȚȐȦ ȌȖȟȍȘȍȑ Ȑȝ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȍșȚȤ ȗȓȖȚȤ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȉȓȐȎ-
ȕȍȋȖ Ȋ ȖșȈȌȍ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȚȍșȕȧȚ Ȑȝ ȊȘȈȋȐ Ȑ ȐȡțȡȐȍ ȌțȠȐ Ȑȝ ǺȈȒ șȖȒȘțȠț ȇ
ȕȈȘȖȌ șȍȑ Ȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ șȍȑ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȒȚȖ ȘȈȏȉȐȓ ȋȖȘȠȍȟȕȐȒȖȊ șȖșțȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ
țȎȍ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȞȍȓȤȕȣȔª
ǰ șȚȈȓȖșȤ ȚȈȒ ȗȖ șȓȖȊț ǪȍȟȕȖȋȖ ǻȕȖșȧ ș șȖȉȖȦ țȎȈș Ȑ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȍ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȓȐȠȤ
Țȍ ȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȡȈȌȐȓ ȋȕȍȊ ǭȋȖ ǫȖȘȍȟȤ șȓȍȏ șȌȍȓȈȓȈ șȖȓȍȕȣȔ ȔȖȓȖȒȖ ȔȈȚȍȘȍȑ Ȉ
ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ țȒȘȣȓȐ ȉȖȘȖȌț Ȋ ȏȕȈȒ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȧ ǹȚȖȕȣ Ȑ ȊȖȗȓȐ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȕȈȌ ȉȍ-
ȎȈȊȠȍȑ ȚȖȓȗȖȑ Ȉ ȝȐȡȕȣȍ ȊȖȘȖȕȣ ȒȓȍȊȈȓȐ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȏȈȌȐ ȚȘțȗȣ ǷȖȚțȝ-
ȓȐ ȖȟȈȋȐ Ȑ ȗȖȋȈșȓȐ șȊȍȚȐȓȤȕȐȒȐ Ȋ șȖȒȘțȠȍȕȕȖȔ ǫȖȘȖȌȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȍȔȤȐ, țȋȖȌ-
ȕȖȑ ȊȖȓȍ ǩȖȋȈ
ǯȕȖȑȕȣȍ ȗȍșȒȐ șȔȍȕȐȓȐșȤ ȉȖȓȖȚȖȔ Ǫ ȗțșȚȣȕȍ ȎȈȓȐȓȐ ȏȔȍȐ Ȋ ȓȍșȈȝ ȕȈ-
ȗȈȌȈȓȐ ȏȊȍȘȐ Ǫ ȚȘȧșȐȕȍ ȋȐȉ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒ Ȑ ȒȖȕȤ Ǫ ȟȈȡȍ ȊȍȗȘȐ ȗȖȎȐȘȈȓȐ ȔȓȈȌȍȕ-
ȞȍȊ Ȑ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȊ ȘȈșșțȌȖȒ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ȋȕȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȊȍȚȘȖȔ șȓȣȠȈ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȏȖȊ ȌȐȚȧȚȐ
ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȔȐ ǺȈȒ țȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ șȍȊȍȘ ȕȈȘȖȌ ǰȏȘȈȐȓȧ Ȑ ȗțȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓ
ȚȘțȌȍȕ Ȑ ȌȖȓȖȋ ǵȍȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȌȖȉȘȍȓȐ ȌȖ ȘȍȒȐ ȋȌȍ șȚȖȐȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȋȖȘȖȌ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȋȓțȝȈȧ ȖșȍȕȤ țȎȍ ǰ ȧȋȖȌȣ ȠȐȗȖȊȕȐȒȈ Ȑȏ Ȉȓȣȝ șȚȈȓȐ ȗȖȝȖȎȐ
ȕȈ ȉȘȣȏȋȐ ȏȈȗȍȒȠȍȑșȧ ȒȘȖȊȐ ǷȈȌȈȓ șȕȍȋ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȐȑ țȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȔ șȈȊȈ-
ȕȖȔ ȏȍȔȓȦ ǫȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ Ȑ ȕȐȡȐȍ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȐȔȧ ǪȍȟȕȖȋȖ șȒȖȘȉȧ Ȗ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕ-
ȕȖȔ ȝȘȈȔȍ ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȐȏȕȍȔȖȋȠȐ ȖȚ ȌȕȍȊȕȖȋȖ ȗțȚȐ Ȑ ȋȖȘȧ șȚțȗȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȚȍȕȤ,
ȗȖ ȗȧȚȈȔ Ȑȝ ȖȕȐ ȗȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȑ țșȕțȓȐ șȚȈȓ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȓ ȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ
ȘȈȉȉȐ ǰȍȋțȌȈ Ƕȕ Ȋȣȕțȓ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȘțȉȈȝȐ ȖȉȓȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȐȘȗȐȟ șȖȒȘțȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ȝȘȈȔȈ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȍȋȖ ț ȒȖȓȍȕȍȑ ǸȈȉȉȐ ȗȘȖșȚȍȘ șȊȖȐ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ țșȖȝȠȐȍ ȘțȒȐ
ȊȊȣșȤ ǴȖȓȐȚȊȈ ȕȍșȓȈșȤ Ȓ ǪȍȟȕȖȔț ǲȈȗȈȓȐ șȓȍȏȣ ȕȈ șȕȍȋ șȐȕȐȑ ȖȉȎȐȋȈȧ ȏȈ-
ȔȍȘȏȠțȦ ȏȍȔȓȦ ǸȈȉȉȐ țȔȖȓȧȓ ȗȖȡȈȌȐȚȤ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȏȈȉȣȊȠȐȝ șȔȍȝ Ȑ ȘȈ-
ȌȖșȚȤ ǺȈȒ ȋȖȘȍȓȈ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȈ ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ șȊȍȟȈ ȕȈȌ țșȕțȊȠȐȔȐ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȣȔ
șȕȖȔ Ǩ șȕȍȋ ȗȈȌȈȓ Ȑ țȒȘȣȊȈȓ Ȑȝ ȚȍȓȈ ǪȣȓȐ ȊȖȓȒȐ Ȑ șȊȐșȚȍȓ ȊȍȚȍȘ, ȉȍșȕțȧșȤ Ȉ
ȘȈȉȉȐ ȔȖȓȐȓ ǪȍȟȕȖȋȖ Ȗȉ ȈȓȤȔȍȔȘȍ ȖȚȒțȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȟȚȍȚ ǺȖȘț ǵȖ ȉȍșȠțȔȕȖ ȗȈ-
ȌȈȓ șȕȍȋ Ȑ ȗȈȌȈȓ ȏȈȗȖȘȖȠȐȊ șȗȧȡȐȝ — ȔțȎȟȐȕ Ȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ Ȑ ȌȍȚȍȑ ǪȍȚȍȘ ȋȕȈȓ
Ȓȓțȉȣ ȠȐȗȧȡȍȑ ȔȍȚȍȓȐ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȓȐȠȤ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȘȈȉȉȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ ǲȘț-
ȋȖȔ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȗȓȈȚ șȕȍȋȈ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȠȐȑ ȐȏȋȕȈȕȕȐȒȖȊ ǰ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ Ȋ șȔȍȘȚȕȖȑ ȚȖș-
Ȓȍ ȘȈȉȉȐ
— Ǻȣ ǩȖȋ ǰșȈȈȒȈ Ȑ ǰȈȒȖȊȈ Ǻȣ ȕȍ ȏȈȝȖȟȍȠȤ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ ȏȈȉȓțȌȠȐȝ șȣȕȖȊ șȊȖȐȝ.
ǵȍȚ Ǻȣ ȕȍ ȏȈȝȖȟȍȠȤ Ȑȝ șȔȍȘȚȐ
ǰ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȗȈȓ ȋțȉȈȔȐ Ȓ ȖȉȓȖȔȒț ȝȘȈȔȈ ȕȖ, șȒȓȖȕȧȧșȤ, țȊȐȌȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍȝ țȒ-
ȘȣȓȈ șȕȍȋȖȊȈȧ ȗțșȚȣȕȧ ǰ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȘȈȉȉȐ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ șȍȉȧ ȏȈ ȘțȉȈȝț ȎȍȓȈȧ ȗȖȘȊȈȚȤ
ȍȍ ȕȈȐșȒȖșȤ ȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȐȋ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȠȍȓȍșȚ ǬȊȈ șȐȧȦȡȐȝ ȒȘȣȓȈ ȕȍșȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȕȍ-
ȋȖȊȖȑ ȉțȘȍ Ȑ ȖșȓȍȗȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȓȐȒ ǨȕȋȍȓȈ Ƕȕ ȒȖșȕțȓșȧ ȗȍȘșȚȖȔ
ȘȈȉȉȐ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǰȍȋțȌȈ ǫȖșȗȖȌȤ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȚȊȖȦ ȔȖȓȐȚȊț ǯȈȊȚȘȈ Țȣ ȗȘȖȟȚȍȠȤ ǺȖȘț ș
ȈȓȤȔȍȔȘȈ
ǸȈȉȉȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȓ ǵȖ Ȉȕȋȍȓ șȚȈȓ ȗȖȌȓȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȐ Ȑ țȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈ

55
ȊȖșȚȖȒ Ǫ ȏȈȘȍȊȍ ȊȖșȝȖȌȐȊȠȍȋȖ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȘȈȉȉȐ țȊȐȌȈȓ șȖȕȔ șȓțȎȐȚȍȓȍȑ ǩȖȋȈ
ȕȍșȠȐȝ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ Ȑ ȉȈȓȒȐ ȒȈȔȕȐ Ȑ șȊȍȚȐȓȤȕȐȒȐ ǶȗțșȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȍȗȖ-
ȌȈȓȍȒț ȖȕȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ șȚȘȖȐȚȤ șȐȕȈȋȖȋț ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȉȕȋȍȓ, țȒȈȏȈȊȠȐȑ ȕȈ ȟțȌȖ ȘȈȉȉȐ
Ȑ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȕȐȚȧȕȖȑ șȕțȘȖȒ Ȑ ȚȘȖșȚȤ Ȍȓȧ ȐȏȔȍȘȍȕȐȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț
— ǰȍȋțȌȈ șȓțȠȈȑ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȊȍȓȍȊȈȍȚ ǩȖȋ ǺȍȔ ȟȚȖ Țȣ Ȋȏȧȓ ș șȖȉȖȦ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȖȚ
ȝȘȈȔȈ ȖȚȞȖȊ Ȑ ȞȈȘȍȑ ȚȊȖȐȝ Țȣ țȔȐȓȖșȚȐȊȐȓ ǪȍȟȕȖȋȖ ǭȋȖ Ȉȕȋȍȓȣ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȐ ȕȈ
ȥȚȖ ȔȍșȚȖ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȝȘȈȔȈ ǰȍȘțșȈȓȐȔșȒȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȣșȚȘȖȐȚȤ ȏȌȍșȤ șȐȕȈȋȖȋț ǶȕȈ
ȉțȌȍȚ ǪȍȟȕȖ-ǵȖȊȖȑ ȐȉȖ șȈȔ ǩȖȋ ȉțȌȍȚ ȏȈȉȖȚȐȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȘțȠȐȓȖ
ȍȍ ǵȖ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȈȧ ȘțȒȈ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȖȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤ ȝȘȈȔȈ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȣ ȕȐ
șȚȖȧȓ Ȗȕ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ǫȖȘȍ ȚȖȔț ȒȚȖ ȖșȓțȠȈȍȚșȧ ǪȍȟȕȖȋȖ ǺȈȒȖȊȈ ȊȖȓȧ ȗȖ-
șȓȈȊȠȍȋȖ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǸȈȉȉȐ șȒȓȖȕȐȓ șȊȖȦ ȉȍȓțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȟȚȖȉ ȊȖȏȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȚȤ ǩȖȋȈ ȕȖ țșȓȣȝȈȓ
ȋȖȓȖș
— ǰȍȋțȌȈ șȗȐ
ǰ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȑ șȖȕ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȑ ȚȍȓȖ
ǳȈȏȈȘȤ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ ȕȖ ȚțȋȈȧ ȗȍȚȓȧ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȘȓȖ ǩȍȏȏȊțȟȕȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȉȓȐȎȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȠȓȐ ȏȓȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȖșȚȘȖ ȚȖȘȟȈȡȐȍ țȠȐ Ƕȕ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȊșȒȖ-
ȟȐȚȤ ȕȖ ȗȈșȚȤ ȡȍȓȒȕțȓȈ ȊȖȓȒ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȑ ȗȘȣȎȖȒ Ȑ ȘȊȈȕțȓ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ȌȍȚ-
șȒțȦ ȕȖȋț ǴȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȏȈșȚȖȕȈȓ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ șȌȍȘȕțȓ ș șȍȉȧ ȊȍȚȖȠȤ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ
ǷȍȘȊȣȔ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ ǳȈȏȈȘȤ ǷȍȘȊȣȑ țȊȐȌȈȓ șȐȕȈȋȖȋț ǳȈȏȈȘȤ ǶȕȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ
șȓȖȎȍȕȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȋȓȣȉ șȕȍȋȈ Ȉ ȖșȚȘȈȧ ȒȘȣȠȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȈ ȕȈ ȔȍȌȕȣȑ ȠȓȍȔ
ǹȖȓȕȞȍ șȐȧȓȖ Ȑ ȕȍȉȖ ȒȈȒ ȓțȟȠȈȧ ȉȐȘȦȏȈ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȝ ȏȈȗȧșȚȤȧȝ ȌȣȠȈȓȖ ȕȍ-
ȚȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȘȈșȖȑ Ǫ ȓțȟȐșȚțȦ șȐȕȤ țȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ șȚȍȕȣ ȝȘȈȔȈ Ȑȏ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ
ȗȍșȟȈȕȐȒȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȘțȋȓȖȍ ȖȒȕȖ ȕȈȌ ȈȓȚȈȘȍȔ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȣșȍȟȍȕȈ Ȑȏ ȒȈȔȕȧ
ȋȘȖȏȌȤ ȊȐȕȖȋȘȈȌȈ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȌȊȖȘȍȞ Ȉ ȌȖȔ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ
ǰ ȕȍ ǳȈȏȈȘȤ Ȉ Ǩȕȋȍȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȝȖȚȧ Ȋșȍ țșȓȣȠȈȓȐ ȋȖȓȖș ȔȈȓȤȟȐ-
ȒȈ ǫȖȓȖș ȗȘȖȏȊȍȕȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȔȍȌȕȣȑ ȘȖȋ — ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȖȊȘȈȋȍ ȏȈȗȍȓȖ ȥȝȖ
— ǸȈȉȉȐ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ǪșȚȈȕȤȚȍ
ǹȉȘȖșȐȓȐ ș șȍȉȧ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȊȠȍȍșȧ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȖ Ȑȏ șȕȍȋȈ ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ ȊșȚȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȖ-
ȋȐ ǪșȗȓȍșȕțȓȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ
— ǸȈȉȉȐ ȥȚȖ șȖȕ ȐȓȐ ȕȈȊȈȎȌȍȕȐȍ" — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓȐ ȓȦȌȐ
ǵȖ ǰȍȋțȌȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȓȐȞȖ Ȓ ȕȍȉț ǰ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȏȈȞȊȍȓȈ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ, ȒȘȈșȕȣȝ ȖȚ
șȓȍȏ ǭȡȍ ȊȣȠȍ ȏȈȗȘȖȒȐȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒ ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȠțȔȍȓȈ ȚȖȓȗȈ
— ǸȈȉȉȐ, ȕȈș ȐșȒțȠȈȍȚ ǬȤȧȊȖȓ
ǵȖ ȘȈȉȉȐ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— ǵȍȚ ȉȘȈȚȤȧ Ȑ șȣȕȣ
Ǫ ȧșȕȖȑ Ȑ ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ șȐȕȍȊȍ ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȒȖȓȣȝȈȓșȧ ȖȒȍȈȕ ȚȊȍȘȌȐ ȕȍȉȍș-
ȕȖȑ ȘȍȧȓȐ țȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȍ Ȋșȍ ȊȣȠȍ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȋȖȓțȉȐ Ǫ ȕȐȝ ǰȍȋțȌȈ țȏȕȈȓ
ȕȖȟȕȣȝ ȊȍșȚȕȐȒȖȊ ǰ, ȖȉȕȧȊ ȚȡȍȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ǳȈȏȈȘȧ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓșȧ ȒȈȒ Ȍțȉ șȚȈȘȣȑ
ȗȖșȓȍ ȉțȘȐ ǯȈȌȘȖȎȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖș ȓȐȒțȧ
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ ǪȓȈȌȣȒȈ ȕȈȠ ǲȈȒ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȐȔȧ ǺȊȖȍ ȗȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ Ǻȣ
ȊȖȏȕȍș ȊȍȓȐȟȐȍ ǺȊȖȍ ȊȣȠȍ ȕȍȉȍș Ǫ țșȚȈȝ Ȧȕȣȝ Ȑ ȋȘțȌȕȣȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ Ǻȣ țșȚȘȖȐȓ
șȍȉȍ ȝȊȈȓț ȊȖȗȘȍȒȐ ȊȘȈȎȌțȦȡȐȔ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ Ǻȍȉȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȉȍȏȔȖȓȊȕȣȔ

56
ȊȘȈȋȈ Ȑ ȔșȚȐȚȍȓȧ
ǵȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȋȖȘȍ ȗȓȈȟȍȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ǹȓȍȏȣ șȒȈȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ȗȖ ȡȍȒȈȔ ȘȈȉȉȐ țȗȈ-
ȓȐ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ǳȈȏȈȘȧ
ǭȡȍ ȘȈȏ șȊȍȘȒȕțȓȐ Ȋ ȓȈȏțȘȐ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȍ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ Ȑ țȚȖȕțȓȐ
— ǹȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ȉȘȈȚȤȧ Ȑ șȣȕȣ ǽȊȈȓȈ ǪȍȟȕȖȔț ǩȖȋț ǰȏȘȈȐȓȧ
ǰ ȘȈȉȉȐ ȗȖȊȍȌȈȓ ȊșȍȔ Ȗ ȟțȌȍ șȓțȟȐȊȠȍȔșȧ ȕȖȟȤȦ Ȑ Ȗ ȏȈȊȍȚȍ ȕȍ ȒȈșȈȚȤșȧ
ȘțȒȍ șȔȍȘȚȕȖȋȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ șȖȏȌȈȓȐ ǩȖȋȖȔ ȗȖșȓȈȕȕȣȍ ȏȖȌȟȐȍ ǰ ȊșȚțȗȐȓ Ȋ ȝȘȈȔ
ǰȍȋțȌȈ ȊȏȖȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȈȓȤȔȍȔȘ ȊșȗȣȝȕțȓȐ ț ȈȓȚȈȘȧ șȊȍȟȐ Ȑ ȓȈȔȗȈȌȣ ȗȖȌ șȊȖ-
ȌȖȔ Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȊ ǺȖȘț ȘȈȉȉȐ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȔȖȓȐȚȤșȧ
ǲȚȖ țșȖȔȕȐȓșȧ Ȋ ǪȍȟȕȖȔ ȚȖȚ ȖȉȓȖȉȣȏȈȓ șȚțȗȍȕȐ Ȑ ȏȍȔȓȦ ț ȌȖȔȈ ǭȋȖ ȒȚȖ
ȕȍ ȊȣȘȖȕȐȓ Ȑȏ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȊȍȘȣ — ȊȖȠȍȓ ȗȖȌ ȍȋȖ șȊȖȌȣ Ȑ ȏȈȎȍȋ șȊȍȟț ȘțȒȖȑ șȟȈ-
șȚȓȐȊȍȑȠȍȋȖ
ǻȎȍ ȌȖȓȋȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȖȚȌȣȝȈȓ ȘȈȉȉȐ ǰȍȋțȌȈ ȗȖȌ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȖȔ șȈȘȒȖȜȈȋȈ ȕȈ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȣșȍȟȍȕȖ ȍȋȖ șȓȈȊȕȖȍ ȐȔȧ ǲțșȚȣ șȐȘȍȕȐ Ȑ ȉțȏȐȕȣ ȗȖșȈȎȍȕȕȣȍ ț
ȔȖȋȐȓȣ ȍȋȖ țȟȍȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ ȊȣȠȍ ȖȋȘȈȌȣ ǩȍȚȝ-ǽȈȐȔȈ Ȑ ȌȖȔȖȊ ǳȐȓȖ-
Ȋȣȍ ȋȘȖȏȌȤȧ Ȑȝ ȧȋȖȌ ȒȖȓȣȝȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȓȍȚȕȐȑ ȏȕȖȑ Ȑ ȖȗȈȝȐȊȈȓȐ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȑ șȖȕ
țȟȐȚȍȓȧ ǰ țȟȍȕȐȒȐ ȍȋȖ țȎȍ ȗȖȒȖȐȓȐșȤ ȚȈȔ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȚȍȓȈ Țȍȝ ȒȚȖ ȗȖșȓȍ șȔȍȘ-
ȚȐ ȉȓȐȎȕȐȝ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȓ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȑ ȕȈȌȋȘȖȉȐȑ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȍȓȧ ȕȐȡȐȝ ǴȕȖȋȖ șȓȈȊȕȣȝ
ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȏȌȍșȤ șȊȖȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȖȚȌȣȝ ǰ ǳȍȊ — țȟȍȕȣȑ Ȑ ȔȈȋ ȌȘțȋ Ǹț-
ȌȖȓȤȜȈ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ ȖȉȘȍȓ ȏȌȍșȤ ȌȖȔ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȌȖȔ ȊȍȟȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ ȍȋȖ 
țȟȍȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜ Ȑ ȒȈȉȉȈȓȐșȚ ǨȈȘȖȕ ǹȗȐȘȈ Ȑ ȗȖȓȤșȒȈȧ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊȈ ȗȘȐȕȧȊ-
ȠȈȧ ȐȔȧ ǫȍȕȌȍȓȤ ǩȈș-ȀȍȊȐ ȟȚȖȉ ȍȍ șȖȕ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȘțȠȐȓ Ȑ ȓȍȚȖȗȐșȍȞ ǫȈȕȏ
— ȌȘțȋ ǲȍȗȓȍȘȈ Ȑ ǺȐȝȖ Ȍȍ ǩȘȈȋȍ Ȑ țȟȍȕȐȒ ǫȈȓȐȓȍȧ — ǹȖȓȖȔȖȕ ȌȍȓȤ ǴȍȌȐȋȖ Ȍȍ
ǲȈȕȌȐȈ Ȑ ȒȕȐȋȖȟȍȑ ǶȗȗȍȕȋȍȑȔ-ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȑ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ǴȕȖȋȖ șȚȖȓȍ-
ȚȐȑ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȒȈȒ țȔȍȘ ȘȈȉȉȐ ǰȍȋțȌȈ Ǿȍȓȣȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȊȣȘȖș ȊȖȏȓȍ Ǫȍȟ-
ȕȖ-ǵȖȊȖȑ șȐȕȈȋȖȋȐ ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȌȍȘȏȈȓ ȚȘȖȋȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȝȖȚȧ șȚȍȕȣ — ȝȘȈȕȐȓȐ ȕȈ șȍȉȍ
ȗȍȟȈȚȤ ȊȍȒȖȊ ǵȖ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȖȉȡȐȕȕȣȑ șȚȈȘȖșȚȈ Ȋȍȓȍȓ șȖȏȊȈȚȤ șȖȊȍȚ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȊșȍȔ
— ǹȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ȇ ȗȖȏȊȈȓ ȊȈș ȏȈ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋȣ ȗȘȐșȓȈȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȔȍȕȖȚȍșȖȊ Ȑ
șȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȧ ǲȖȗȖȚȤ Ȑ ȌȣȔ ȖȚ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȖȟȈȋȖȊ ȗȖȒȘȣȓȐ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȋȘȧȏȤȦ șȚȍȕȣ ȕȈ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȝȘȈȔȈ ȅȚȖȑ ȏȐȔȖȑ șȕȍȋȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȘȣȠȈ ȗȖȌȖȋȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȘțȝȕțȚȤ ǹȚȍȕȣ șȚȈȓȐ ȒȘȐȊȣȔȐ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȗȍȘȍȚȤ Ȑȝ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȔȐ țșȚȖȧ-
ȔȐ ȖȕȐ ȏȈȊȈȓȧȚșȧ
ǵȖ șȚȈȘȐȒȐ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȈȔȐ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ
— ǪȖȚ ȕȈȠ ȖȚȊȍȚ Țȍȉȍ ȌȍȌȣ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȌȍȌȖȊ ȏȈȗȘȍȚȐȓȐ ȕȈȔ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ-
ȓȐȉȖ ǲȈȒ Ȏȍ Țȣ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȕȣ ȕȈȘțȠȐȓȐ ȥȚȖ" ǹȓțȠȈȑ Ǵȣ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȍȔ
Țȍȉȍ ȕȐ șȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȧ ȕȐ ȒȈȔȍȕȖȚȍșȖȊ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȌȈȌȐȔ Țȍȉȍ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȒȐȘȗȐȟȈ ȕȐ
ȋȖȘșȚȐ ȗȍșȒț ȕȐ ȓȖȗȈȚȣ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐ ǸȈȏȊȍ Țȣ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕțȎȕȖ ȉț-
ȌȍȚ Ǩȕȋȍȓȣ ǫȖșȗȖȌȕȐ șȈȔȐ ȗȖȏȈȉȖȚȧȚșȧ Ȗ ȝȘȈȔȍ?
Ǫ ȏȓȖșȚȐ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȚȖȋȌȈ șȚȈȘȖșȚȈ
— Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ — ȊȏȌȖȘȕȣȍ ȉȈșȕȐ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȉȈȉțȠȍȒ ǵȍ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȌȍȓȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ
ȖȉȕȖȊȓȧȚȤ ȝȘȈȔȈ Ȉ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȊȈȔ ȎȈȓȤ ȘȈșșȚȈȚȤșȧ ș ȊȈȠȐȔȐ ȌțȒȈȚȈȔȐ ǶȕȐ
ȓȐȗȕțȚ Ȓ ȊȈȠȐȔ ȓȈȌȖȕȧȔ Ȑ șțȕȌțȒȈȔ ȒȘȍȗȟȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȐȧȊȒȐ
ǯȓȣȍ șȚȘȈșȚȐ ȘȖȎȌȈȦȚ ȒȓȍȊȍȚț Ȑ ȖȉȐȌț ǵȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȐȓȐșȤ șȚȈȘȐȒȐ Șȍ-

ȠȍȕȐȦ șȚȈȘȖșȚȣ — Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȗȘȍȒȓȖȕȍȕ ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȗȕ ȖȚȣșȒȈȓ ȕȈ
ȘȣȕȒȍ ȒȈȔȍȕȡȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȕȐ țȔȖȓȧȓ Ȑȝ ț șȐȕȈȋȖȋȐ ȘȈȉȉȐ ȕȍ ȐșȒțȠȈȚȤ ǩȖȋȈ
ȖȕȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȔȍȧȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ț ȕȐȝ ǩȖȋ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȞȣȋȈȕȍ ǴȖ-
ȓȖȌȖȑ ȍȊȘȍȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȊȠȐȑ Ȑȏ ǰșȗȈȕȐȐ ȗȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ ǰșȈȈȒ ȉȍȕ ǲȖȋȍȕ
ȖȚșȚțȗȐȊȠȐȑșȧ ȖȚ ȊȍȘȣ ȖȚȞȖȊ Ȉ ȗȖȏȎȍ șȕȖȊȈ ȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȍ șȚȈȓ ȊȖ ȋȓȈȊȍ
Ȑȝ ǹ țȚȘȈ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐșȤ ȞȣȋȈȕȍ șȒȘȍșȚȐ șȚȍȕȣ șȐȕȈȋȖȋȐ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȣ șȓȖȊȈ
ȗșȈȓȔȖȊ Ȑ ȐȔȧ ǪȍȟȕȖȋȖ ǰ Ȋ ȗȖȓȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȔȍȕȡȐȒȐ țșȍȓȐșȤ ȖȉȍȌȈȚȤ Ȓ ȕȐȔ
ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ șȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȤ ǰșȈȈȒ ǭȌȊȈ Ȗȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȚȤ ȟȚȖ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȐȔ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȗȖ-
șȓȍ ȖȚȌȣȝȈ ȒȈȒ ȔȐȔȖ ȗȘȖȠȓȈ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ș ȒțȊȠȐȕȖȔ ȊȐȕȈ ǶȕȈ Ȗș-
ȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ ȗȍȘȍȌȖȝȕțȚȤ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȍșȚȍȘȗȐȔȖ ȎȋȓȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ Ȑ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ȌȣȠȈȚȤ ǰ ȞȣȋȈȕȍ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȐ Ȓ șȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȦ ș ȗȘȖșȤȉȖȑ țȋȖșȚȐȚȤ Ȑȝ ȊȐȕȖȔ ȋȖȊȖ-
Șȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȉȣ ȕȍ șȚȈȓ ȕȈ ȥȚț ȘȈȉȖȚț
ǰșȈȈȒ ȉȍȕ ǲȖȋȍȕ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȚ ȏȕȖȧ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍșȖȝȓȖ ȋȖȘȓȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǵț ȕȈȓȍȑ ȐȔ ȗȖ ȒȘțȎȒȍ ȌȈ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȝȓȍșȚȕȐ ȏȈȖȌȕȖ
ǪȣȗȐȊ ȞȣȋȈȕȍ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓȐ ȊȐȕȈ ȖȉȍȡȈȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ ȘȈȉȖȚț
ǵȖ șȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȤ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȐȔ
— ǳȖȎȐȚȍșȤ ȖȚȌȣȝȈȚȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȟȈș ȧ ȊȈș ȘȈȏȉțȎț Ȉ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣșȚȘȖ țȗȘȈȊȐȚȍșȤ
ȖȉȍȡȈȦ ȊȈȔ ȉȖȟȖȕȖȒ ȗȐȊȈ
ǲȈȔȍȕȡȐȒȐ ȘȈșȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȍȕȐ Ȑ țșȕțȓȐ Ȉ ǰșȈȈȒ ȉȍȕ ǲȖȋȍȕ șȚȈȓ ȗȖȌșȟȐ-
ȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȔȍȓȖȔ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȍ șȐȕȈȋȖȋȐ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗȕ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ ǵȖ ȊȐȕȖ ȖȗȤȧȕȐȓȖ
ȍȋȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐșȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ Ȑ ȏȈȌȘȍȔȈȓ
ǻȎȍ șȒȓȖȕȧȓȖșȤ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȍȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ ǻȎȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ șȒȖȘȕȧȒ-ȗȖȌȔȈșȚȍȘȤȍ
ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȑ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȊȠȐșȤ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— ǪȖȚ ȒȖȔț ȓȍȋȒȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚșȧ
ǴȍȕȧȓȈ Ȋȣșțȕțȓ Ȑȏ ȖȒȕȈ ȗȓȍȠȐȊțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȟȍȋȖ Ȗȕ ȠțȔȐȚ
— ǬȈ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȐ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȗȖȌȔȈșȚȍȘȤȍ — ǹȖȓȕȞȍ țȎȍ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȚ Ȉ ȥȚȐ ȔȖ-
ȓȖȌȞȣ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȖȚȌȣȝȈȦȚ ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȉȍȌȈ
ǹȍȘȌȐȚȣȑ ȔȍȕȧȓȈ ȖȉȘțȋȈȓ șȗȧȡȐȝ ȗȤȧȕȐȞȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖȗțșȚȐȊ ȕȈ ȕȖȟȤ ȘȍȠȍȚ-
Ȓț ȏȈȔȒȕțȓ ȏȈșȖȊ
ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȠȒȐ țȚȘȖȔ ȗȖȌȒȘȈȓȐșȤ Ȓ șȗȧȡȐȔ Ȑ ȠȊȣȘȕțȓȐ
Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȋȖȘșȚȤ ȗȍșȒț ǵȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȚȐȝȖȕȤȒȖ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓȐ Ȕȍ-
ȓȖȒ Ȑȏ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȊ șȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȧ ǵȖ Ȗȕ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȗȈȓ șȐȌȧ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȕȍ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ șȚȖȓ-
ȒȕțȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ǰșȈȈȒ ȉȍȕ ǲȖȋȍȕ Ƞȓȍȗȕțȓșȧ ȕȈȏȍȔȤ ȒȈȒ ȉȘȍȊȕȖ
ǴȈȓȤȟȐȠȒȐ ȏȈȊȐȏȎȈȓȐ ȖȚ țȎȈșȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȏȈ țȋȖȓ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ ȚȘȍȊȖȋț
ǹȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȤ ǰșȈȈȒ ȉȍȕ ǲȖȋȍȕ Ȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȖȚȍșȣ-ȞȣȋȈȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȕț-
ȓȐșȤ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȍ ǩȖȎȤȍȑ ȒȈȘȖȑ ǷȘȐȉȍȎȈȊȠȐȍ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȟȚȖ ț ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ
ȕȈ ȓȉț ȉȣȓȖ ȊȣȎȎȍȕȖ ȒȓȍȑȔȖ
ǵȍȟȍșȚȐȊȣȑ

ǺǼǹǶȀǰǮ ǿǳǹǶǺǮ

59
ǬȖȘȖȋȖȔț ȉȈȘȖȕț
ǷȘȖșțȠȐȊȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȎȌȧ ȗȈȘțșȈ șȈȓȤȗțȘȐȑ Ȑ ȔȈȖȕȖȊ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȓȐ șȊȖȐ țșȚȈȊȠȐȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȖȓȋȖȋȖ ȗțȚȐ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ Ȋ ȘȈȕȕȍȍ ȕȍȉȖ
ǹȒȖȓȤȏȧȡȐȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȔȖȘȧ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȉȐȓ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȕȖ ȖȕȐ ȕȍȝȖȚȧ țȒȓȖȕȧȓȐșȤ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȑ
ȐȋȘȣ
ǳȍȕȐȊȣȍ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȔȍȟȍȚȐ Ȑ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕ-șȈȘȈȍȊ ȈȔȉȈȘȖȊ Ȑ ȓȈȟțȋ ȒȈȜȍȌȎȐ ȊȐ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȕȣȘȧȓȐ Ȋ șȖȕȕȖȑ ȊȖȓȕȍ
ǴȍȑȊȍ-ȝȈȕ ȉȓȈȋȖțȝȈȓ ȗȓȖȌȈȔȐ ȚțȋȖ ȕȈȉȐȊȠȐȔȐ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȒȘȖȔȈ ȖȗțșȚȐȊȠȐ-
ȔȐ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ Ȋ ȊȖȌț ȖșȚȖȊȣ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȠȐȝ ȉȈȘȖȒ ǴȍȑȊȍ-ȝȈȕ ȉȓȈȋȖțȝȈȓ ȗȓȖȌȈȔȐ Ȑ
șȔȖȓȖȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȑ ȕȍ țșȗȍȊ ȍȡȍ ȘȈșșȚȈȚȤșȧ ș ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖȑ ȌȘȍȔȖȑ Ȉ ȠțȘȠȈȊ-
ȠȈȧ ȗȖ ȗȍșȒț ȊȖȓȕȈ ȒȈȟȈȓȈ ȋȈșȕțȊȠțȦ ȏȊȍȏȌț ǷȘȐȉȘȍȎȕȣȑ ȘȣȕȖȒ ȉȣȓ ȗțșȚ
ǹȍȓȐȔ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ ǴȖȘȍ ȌȖȝȕțȓȖ ȍȔț Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȋȖ-
ȘȍșȚȕȖ ȗȖȚȍȘ ȓȖȉ ǹȖ ȡȍȔȧȡȍȑ șȒțȒȖȑ ȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȘȧȌ șȊȖȐȝ ȉȈȘȖȒ șȗȈȊȠȐȝ ȕȈ
ȒȘȍȗȒȐȝ ȧȒȖȘȧȝ ǫȘțȏȕȣȍ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȍ — ȖȕȐ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐ ȖȚȧȎȍȓȍȊȠȐȝ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕ ǷȘȈȊȈȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȒțȘȐȓșȧ ȌȣȔȖȒ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȔȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ Ȑȏ ǲȍȘȈȏțȕȌȈ —
ȘȖȌȐȕȣ ǨȑȠȍ ǭȍ ȚȘȦȔ ȉȣȓ ȚȍșȕȖ ȕȈȉȐȚ ȧȉȓȖȒȈȔȐ — ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȕȣȔȐ ȘȖȏȖ-
ȊȣȔȐ ȒȖȎȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȓȖȗȈȓȈșȤ ș ȓȍȋȒȐȔ ȚȘȍșȒȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȊȗȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȏțȉȣ
ǬȈȓȤȠȍ ȉȖȒ Ȗ ȉȖȒ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȌȊȍ ȜȍȓȦȋȐ ȋȘțȎȍȕȣȍ ȋȘțȠȈȔȐ ǹȔțȋȓȣȍ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍ-
ȓȣȍ ș ȚȍȗȓȣȔ ȏȈȗȈȝȖȔ ȊȈȕȐȓȐ — ȗȓȖȌȣ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐ ȋȘțȌȐ ǨȑȠȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ ȍȡȍ ȋȓțȗȖȑ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȖȑ ǵȖ ȋȖȌȣ ȓȍȚȍȓȐ Ȑ ǨȑȠȍ șȚȈȓȈ ȊȍȌȤȔȖȑ ǵȐ țȋȖȊȖȘȣ
ȕȐ ȓȈșȒȈ ȕȐ ȗȖȌȈȘȒȐ ȕȐ țȋȘȖȏȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ ǹȍȓȐȔț ǮȍȕȡȐȕț ȒȖȘȟȐȓ
ȀȈȑȚȈȕ Ƕȕ șȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȞȍȗȒȖ ȗȘȐșȖșȈȊȠȐșȤ Ȓ șȈȔȖȔț șȍȘȌȞț
Ǩȝ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǨȑȠȍ — ȞȊȍȚ ȔȍȌȊȧȕȣȝ ȧȉȓȖȕȤ ǶȕȖ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȖ ǹȍȓȐȔȖȔ ȖȕȖ
ȊȓȈȌȍȓȖ ȐȔ ȒȈȒ ǹȍȓȐȔ — ǴȍȑȊȍ-ȝȈȕȖȔ ȜȍȓȦȋȈȔȐ Ȑ ȝȈȔȈȓȈȔȐ ǷȓțȚȣ — ȖȕȐ
ȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȋȓȈȏ ț ǹȍȓȐȔȈ ȏȖȘȖȒ Ȉ ȘțȒȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȈ ȕȖ — ȘȈȉȣ — ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȌȖȋȈȌȣ-
ȊȈȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȑȝ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ — ȘȈȉ ȏȈ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȖȘȖȋȖȔ Ƕȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ
ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ǵȖ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ǹȍȓȐȔ ȗȘȐȋȕțȓ șȊȖȦ ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȓȖȏț ȊȐ-
ȕȖȋȘȈȌȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓșȧ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȔț Ȕțȓȓȍ Ǩ ȚȖȚ șȒțȟȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ ȜȐȖȓȍ-
ȚȖȊȣȑ ȝȖȓȔ ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȧȚȈȓȖșȤ ȗȣȓȈȊȠȍȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— ǹȍȓȐȔ Țȣ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȗȘȖȋȕȍȊȈȓ ǨȓȓȈȝȈ ȇ ȊȍȌȤ ȘȍȌȒȖ ȊȐȎț Țȍȉȧ Ȋ ȔȍȟȍȚȐ
ǰ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ
— Ǻȣ Ȏȍ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ȕȈȌȖ ȐȓȐ șȖȋȕțȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȓȈȗț ȧȒȖȘȧ ȟȚȖ Ȟȍ-
ȗȓȧȍȚșȧ ȏȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȐȓȐ ȊȣȠȊȣȘȕțȚȤ ȏȈ ȗȖȘȖȋ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȣȑ ȋȖȘȠȖȒ
ǹȍȓȐȔ ȎȌȈȓ ǵȖ ȔțȓȓȈ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȖȌȐȓ ȋȓȈȏ ȖȚ ȖȋȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȉȖșȒȓȖȕȈ ǺȖȋȌȈ ǹȍ-
ȓȐȔ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȖȚȌȈȊ șȊȖȑ ȗȖȞȍȓțȑ ȗȣȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ țȟȐȚȍȓȧ țȠȍȓ Ȋ șȊȖȑ ȌȖȔ
ȀȈȑȚȈȕ ȉȐȓ ȊșȦ ȕȖȟȤ ǨȑȠȍ ǶȕȈ ȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ Ȑ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȈ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȍ ȒȖȘȈȓȓȣ
șȊȖȍȑ ȉȈȉțȠȒȐ țȒȘȈȌȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȗȈșȚțȝȖȔ șȉȍȎȈȊȠȐȔ Ȋ ǨȕȈȚȖȓȐȦ«
ǹȍȓȐȔ ȉȍȏțȟȈșȚȕȖ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȉȈȘȒȐ Ȑ ȕȍ șȗȍȠȈ ȗȍȘȍșȍȒ ǴȍȑȊȍ-
ȝȈȕ ǹȊȍȘȕțȊ ȏȈ țȋȖȓ Ȗȕ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘ ȔȍȟȍȚȐ șȒȐȕțȓ ȟțȊȧȒȐ Ȑ ȖȔȣȓ ȕȖȋȐ
ǶȚșȚȘȈȕȐȊ ȉȍȏȏȊțȟȕȖ ȞȐȕȖȊȒț ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȊȠțȦ ȊȝȖȌ ǹȍȓȐȔ ȊșȚțȗȐȓ Ȋ ȔȍȟȍȚȤ
ǪȊȍȘȝț ț ȖȒȖȕ ȗȖȌ șȊȖȌȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȋȖȓțȉȣȝ ȒȈȜȓȧȝ țȎȍ ȐȋȘȈȓȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ Ȑ ȊȓȦȉ-

60
ȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȖȓțȉȤ ȖȚȚȖȗȣȘȐȊ ȒȘȣȓȖ ȠțȘȠȈȓ ȐȔ ȗȖ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȕȖȔț ȒȈȘȕȐȏț Ȑ ȗȖȌ-
ȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȓ ȘȈȌțȎȕȖȑ ȊȣȗȧȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȋȘțȌȤȦ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊțȦ ȗȖȌȘțȋț
ǪȕȐȏț ț ȗȖȌȕȖȎȤȧ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ ȉȣȓȖ șțȔȘȈȟȕȖ Ȑ șȣȘȖ Ǫ ȡȍȓȐ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȈ
ȒȖȗȖȠȐȓșȧ ȎȐȘȕȣȑ ȗȈțȒ Ȑ ȎțȎȎȈȓȈ ȗȖȑȔȈȕȕȈȧ ȔțȝȈ ǷȓȐȚȈ Ȑȏ ȒȈȔȕȧ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȑ ȒȖșȕțȓșȧ ǹȍȓȐȔ țȘȖȕȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȗȈȝȕțȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȣȓȤȦ ǭȍ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȐ șȦ-
ȌȈ ȓȦȌȐ — ȚȈȒȐȍ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ǹȍȓȐȔ — ȕȍțȌȈȟȕȐȒ țșȚȈȊȠȐȑ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌ Ȋ
ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȟȚȖ ȏȖȊȍȚșȧ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ǪșȒȐȕțȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȚȈȧ ȟȈȠȈ — șȐȧȦȡȐȑ ȋȖ-
ȓțȉȖȑ ȒțȗȖȓ — șȚȘțȐȓ ȗȍȊȠȍȍ ȘȈșȗȓȍșȒȈȕȕȖȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ
— Ǻȣ — ȉȓȈȋȖțȝȈȕȕȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȗȓȖȌ ȐȕȎȐȘȈ Țȣ șȐȧȦȡȐȑ Ȋ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȝ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȦ
Ȑ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕȈȔ Țȣ — ȕȍșȖȒȘțȠȐȔȣȑ ȒȈȒ Ȕȍȟ ǨȑȦȉȈ ȈȓȤ-ǨȕșȈȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȋȐ Ȕȕȍ —
ǨȓȓȈȝ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ Ȑ ȕȍȐȏȘȍȟȍȕȕȣȑ
ǰ țȗȈȊ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ǹȍȓȐȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ǨȓȓȈȝț Ȗ Ȋșȍȝ ȉȍȌȈȝ șșȖȘȈȝ ȕȍ-
șȟȈșȚȤȧȝ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȈ ȍȔț Ȋ ȌȖȔ ǨȑȠȍ Ƕȕ ȔȖȓȐȓșȧ ȗȖȒȈ ȏȈȕȣȊȠȐȍ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ
ȕȍ ȕȈȗȖȔȕȐȓȐ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȍȘșȐȌșȒȐȍ ȒȖȊȘȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ țșȚȐȓȈȊȠȐȍ
ȗȖȓ ȔȍȟȍȚȐ ȉȣȓȐ țȊȍȏȍȕȣ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȔȐ ȋȘȈȉȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȗȤȦȡȐȔȐ ȋȘȍ-
ȟȍșȒțȦ ȉȍȓțȦ ȔȈșȚȐȒț Ȑ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȦȡȐȔȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈȔ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȚȤ ȓȐȞȈ ǵȍ șȔȍȧ
ȖșȒȖȘȉȓȧȚȤ ǨȓȓȈȝȈ șȊȖȍȑ ȏȓȖȉȖȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȝȖȚȍȓ țȎȍ ȊȣȑȚȐ Ȑȏ ȝȘȈȔȈ
ǵȖ ț șȖșȍȌȕȍȑ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȊȣȘȖș ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ ȗȘȈȊȖȊȍȘȕȣȑ ȚȖȎȍ
ȔȖȓȐȊȠȐȑ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ǨȓȓȈȝȈ ǴȖȓȐȚȊȈ ǹȍȓȐȔȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȗȖșȗȍȚȤ Ȓ ǨȓȓȈȝț ȗȍȘ-
ȊȖȑ ǶȕȈ ȖȚșȚȈȓȈ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȗȖȓȍȚȍ Ȋ ȕȍȉȍ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȘȖȉȍȑ ȋȖȕȧȡȐȑșȧ ȏȈ șȚȘȐȎȖȔ
ǨȓȓȈȝ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȕȧȚ ȉȍșȍȌȖȑ ș ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǹȍȓȐȔ ȎȈȓȖȊȈȓșȧ ȍȔț ȕȈ ȘȣȎȍȋȖ ȀȈȑ-
ȚȈȕȈ ȏȈȊȓȈȌȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȍȎȕȖȑ ǨȑȠȍ
***
Ǫ ȗȖȓȕȖȟȤ ǨȑȠȍ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ șȓȈȌȒȖȑ ȌȖȕȌțȘȔȣ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǹȍȓȐȔ șȚȈȓ țȉȍȎ-
ȌȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȓȈȊȒȐ ȌȈȊȕȣȔ-ȌȈȊȕȖ ȏȈȗȍȘȚȣ ȖȕȈ ȐȏȖȘȊȈȓȈ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ȗȖȌțȠȒț
ȖȉȍȡȈȧ ȗȖȊȍșȐȚȤșȧ ǯȈȚȐȝȕțȊ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ǹȍȓȐȔȈ ȕȍ țșȗȍȊ-
ȠȍȋȖ Ȑ ȕȈ ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȖȔ ȋȖȌț ȎȐȏȕȐ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ ȍȑ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȞȍȓțȐ ǨȑȠȍ ȖȚȉȘȖșȐȓȈ
ȍȋȖ ș ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȐȧȔȐ ȖȉȖȏȊȈȊ ȊȖȘȖȔ Ȑ ȕȈșȐȓȤȕȐȒȖȔ
ǹȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȈȧ ȋȘȖȏȌȤ ǹȚȖȎȈȘ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓȈ ȐșȚȓȍȚȤ Ȋ ȕȍȉȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǹȍȓȐȔ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ Ȕȍ-
ȟȍȚȤ ǯȈ ȊșȦ șȊȖȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȓȐȓșȧ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȍ Ƕȕ șȚțȟȈȓ ȓȉȖȔ Ȗȉ ȗȖȓ șȓȖȊ-
ȕȖ ȒȓȦȒȖȑ Ƕȕ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ ǨȓȓȈȝț ȖȉȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȖȋȘȈȌț ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȚȦȘȉȍ ȍȋȖ șȓțȎȐȚȍȓȍȑ
ȗȖȒȖȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȍ ȔȍȟȍȚȐ Ƕȕ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ ȗȖșȈȌȐȚȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȈ ȌȍȊȧȕȖ-
șȚȖ ȒȐȗȈȘȐșȖȊ ȗȖ ȟȐșȓț ȔȖȋȐȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȟȐȊȠȐȍ șȓȈȌȖșȚȕȖ Ȑ ȔȐȘȕȖ ȖȚȌȣȝȈ-
ȓȐ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȉȓȈȋȖȊȖȕȕȖȑ ȚȍȕȐ ǳȐȠȤ ȉȣ ǨȑȠȍ ȕȍ ȉȐȓȈ ȏȍȘȒȈȓ ȕȍ ȊȐȏȎȈȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȒȖ-
ȠȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȝȊȖșȚ ȓȐȠȤ ȉȣ ǨȑȠȍ țȓȣȉȈȓȈșȤ ȍȔț șȕȖȊȈ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȋ
ȚȖȚ ȚȐȝȐȑ țȚȖȕțȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȖȒȍȈȕ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȘȈșȞȊȍȚȈȓ ȗȘȧȕȣȑ ȔȐȕ-
ȌȈȓȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ-ȉȍȏȋȓȈșȕȖȍ ȕȍȉȖ țȗȓȣȊȈȓȐ ȊȍȘȍȕȐȞȣ ȎțȘȈȊȓȍȑ
ǵȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ǹȍȓȐȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ țȑȚȐ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȗȖ șȚțȗȍȕȤȒȈȔ
țȎȍ șȗțșȒȈȓșȧ ȊȟȍȘȈȠȕȐȑ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ ǵȖȊȈȧ ȕȍțȌȈȟȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ Ȑȏ-
ȌȍȊȒȖȑ ǹȍȓȐȔ ȕȈȋȕȈȊ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȞȈ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȘțȒȈȊ
— ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑ ǯȈȟȍȔ Țȣ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȠȤ șȦȌȈ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ Ȕȍȕȧ" ǰȓȐ Țȣ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȖ-

ȔȍȠȈȚȤ ȔȖȍȑ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȍ"
ǹȗȖȒȖȑȕȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ǹȍȓȐȔȈ ȖȚȊȍșȚȐ ȏȓȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǶȚȊȍȚ ȏȊțȟȈȓ ȗȖ-
țȟȍȕȐȍȔ
— ǷȘȐȊȍȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȝȖȚȧ Ȕȣ ȖȉȈ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȗȘȈȊȌț ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȣ
ǷȘȐȊȍȚ Țȍȉȍ ȌȘțȎȍșȒȐȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȚȊȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȏȈȝȓȍȉȕțȓȖșȤ ȋȖȘȍșȚȕȖȑ țș-
ȚȈȓȖșȚȤȦ ȟȚȖ ȐȌȍȔ Ȕȣ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȗțȚȐ ȔȖȑ ȓȐȠȤ ȌȖȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȍȍ Ȉ ȕȖȠȐ ȕȈ-
ȠȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȟȚȖ șȝȖȎȐ ǴȖȧ ȓȐȠȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȚȊȖȦ ȔȖȓȐȚȊț ȕȖ ȕȍȚ ȧ ȕȍ
ȔȍȠȈȓ Țȍȉȍ ǰ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ Țȣ ȏȖȓ ǷȖȑȔȐ ȍșȓȐ Țȣ șȖȋȕțȓșȧ ȖȚ ǨȑȠȍ — ȓȍȋȒȖȋȖ
ȞȊȍȚȈ ȧȉȓȖȕȤ — ȟȚȖ șȚȈȓȖșȤ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȌȖȔȍ ȗȖȦȚ ǴȍȓȐȒȍ Ȑ Ǭȍ-
ȓȧȘȈ — ȏȖȓȖȚȈȧ ȐȊȖȓȋȈ Ȑ ȋȖȓțȉȖȑ ȏȐȔȖȘȖȌȖȒ*.
ǰ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ Ȑșȟȍȏ ȏȈ ȊȖȘȖȚȈȔȐ ǹȍȓȐȔ șȌȊȐȕțȓ ȜȍșȒț ȕȈ ȏȈȚȣȓȖȒ ȗȖȒȘț-
ȚȐȓ șȍȌȍȊȠȐȑ țș Ȑ ȖȋȓȧȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȔȍȟȍȚȤ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǷȘȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȋȕȍȊȈȑșȧ ȔțȌȘȍȑȠȐȑ ǨȓȓȈȝ ǹȚțȟȈȓșȧ ȧ Ȓ Țȍȉȍ ș ȎȈȓȖȉȖȑ,
ȕȍȌȖșȚȖȑȕȖȑ ȔțȎȈ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȈȝ Ȉ ȕȍ ȚȣȒȊȈ
ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȧȚȤȌȍșȧȚ ȓȍȚ șȗțșȚȧ ǨȑȠȍ țȔȍȘȓȈ ȊȣȡȐȗȈȊ ǹȍȓȐȔț — șȈȔȖȔț ȓȖȊ-
ȒȖȔț ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȗȓȧșțȕț ǨȕȈȚȖȓȐȐ — ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ Ȑȏ ȉȖȘȖȌȣ Ȗȕ țȒȘȈșȐȓ
ȍȍ ȔȖȋȐȓț ȗȈȔȧȚȕȐȒȖȔ ȋȌȍ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȗțȚȕȐȒ ȟȐȚȈȍȚ
©ǵȍȎȕȣȑ ȞȊȍȚȖȒ ȅșȒȐ-ȌȍȕȐȏȈ** Ȑ șȖȓȖȊȍȑ ȚȐȝȈȧ ȗȍșȕȤ ȔȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǨȑȠȍ
ȓȦȉȐȔȈȧ ȖȚȌȣȝȈȑ ȉȍȏȔȧȚȍȎȕȖ Ȑ ȎȌȐ ǹȍȓȐȔȈª
* Ɂɢɦɨɪɨɞɨɤ — ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɤɪɟɩɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɢɯɨɝɨ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɫɱɚɫɬɶɹ Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɩɪɢɦ ɚɜɬ.).
** ɋɬɚɪɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ

ȅǮǲǾǮ ǲǳǹȍǾȉ

63
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȚțȔȈȕȣ șȚȍȓȦȚșȧ Ȋ țȡȍȓȤȧȝ
ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ǨșȈȕ ȋȓȧȕțȓ țȚȘȖȔ ȕȈ șȈȌ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȣȕȈ ǲȐȏȐȔȈ ȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍ-
ȘȐȓ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ
— ǩȍȌȈ ǲȐȏȐȔ ǲȐȏȐȔ șȕȍȋ țȗȈȓ ǹȔȖȚȘȐ șȈȌȣ Ȋ șȕȍȋț
ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȉȣȓ ǨșȈȕ ǶȉȔȈȕțȓșȧ ǹȕȍȋȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋșȍ ȟȍȘȍȠȕȐ ȘȈș-
ȞȊȍȓȐ ȕȖȟȤȦ Ȑ ȧȉȓȖȕȐ ȚȖȎȍ
ǵȖȟȤȦ ȕȍȉȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȐșȚȖȍ ȚȍȗȓȖȍ ǯȊȍȏȌȣ ȖȚȘȈȏȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȟȈȠȍȟȒȈȝ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȞȊȍ-
ȚȖȊ șȊȖȐ ȓȐȒȐ
ǰ șȚȈȓȖ ȌȊȈ ȕȍȉȈ
ǰ ȗȖȞȍȓțȑ ȌȖȓȋȐȑ Ȑ șȓȈȌȒȐȑ ȒȈȒ ȔȍȌ ȌȐȒȐȝ ȗȟȍȓ Țȧȕțȓșȧ ȖȚ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȕȈș-
ȚȖȧȡȍȑ Ȓ ȏȊȍȏȌȍ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȕȖȑ ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȈ ȗȖȘȊȈȓ ȗȈțȚȐȕț ȗȖȞȍȓțȧ
ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ șȐȕȐȑ ȗȖȚȖȒ ǹȚȈȓȈ ȊȍșȕȈ
ǹȚȈȘȣȑ șȍȌȖȑ ǨșȈȕ ȖȉȔȈȕțȓșȧ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ șȒȊȍȘȕȖ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ șȚȈȓȈ șȓȈȉȈ
ǶȉȔȈȕțȓșȧ ǨșȈȕ ȚȈȚȈȘșȒȐȍ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȊȣȠȐȊȈȚȤ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȟȈȌȘȣ ș țȏȖ-
ȘȈȔȐ ǯȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȕȐȚȐ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȊȍȘȕțȓȐ Ȋȍșȕț ǿȈȌȘȣ ȉȓȍșȕțȓȐ ȚȖȕȒȐȔ țȏȖȘȖȔ
ȏȖȓȖȚȈ Ȑ șȐȕȐȝ ȉȣșȚȘȐȕ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȒȈȒ ȘȈșȡȍȓȐȕȣ șȒȈȓ ǳȐȓȖȊȣȍ ȋȘȖȏȌȤȧ șȗȖ-
ȘȐȓȐ ș ȧȕȚȈȘȍȔ ǸȖȏȖȊȣȍ ȔȈȓȤȊȣ ȞȊȍȓȐ ȉțȌȚȖ ȕȈ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȝ ȓțȎȈȑȒȈȝ ǹȍȘȍȉȘȧ-
ȕȖȑ ȏȔȍȑȒȖȑ ȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȒȈȑȔȈ ȐȏȋȐȉȈȧșȤ Ȑ ȗȘȧȟȈșȤ
ǲȐȏȐȔ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȑ Ȑȏ șȈȌȈ ǪȖȚ țȎ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȈȒ ȞȊȍȚțȚ ȌȍȘȍ-
ȊȤȧ Ȉ ȗȖȋȖȌȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȕȈȘȖȟȕȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȉȣȓȈ șȐȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȍȘȊȈȧ ȏȈȊȧȏȤ
ǲȐȏȐȔ ȉȣȓ ȌȖȊȖȓȍȕ, ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȋȖȌț ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ Ƕȕ ȒțȘȐȓ ȌȦȉȍȒ ȕȈ
șȖȓȕȞȍ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ șȓțȠȈȧ ȉȍȋ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖȋȖ ȘțȟȤȧ
ǸȍȉȧȚȐȠȒȐ țșȚȘȖȐȓȐ Ȋ ȒȈȕȈȊȍ ȊȖȌȧȕțȦ ȔȍȓȤȕȐȞț Ȑ ȒȖȊȣȘȧȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȍșȒȍ
ǴȐȔȖ ǲȐȏȐȔȈ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ǴțșȚȈȜȈ-țȋȖȓȤȡȐȒ
— ǹȈȌ ȞȊȍȚȍȚ ț Țȍȉȧ ǲȐȏȐȔ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ǻȘȖȎȈȑ ȉțȌȍȚ
ǲȐȏȐȔ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ
— ǨȓȓȈ ȖȓȘȈțșțȕ ǹȗȈșȐȉȖ
***
ǲȐȏȐȔ șȕȧȓ ȚȐȝȖ ȟțȊȍȒȐ Ȑ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȌȖȔ ǫȓȧȕțȓ ȏȈ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȘȖȌȒț Ȑȏ ȖȘȍȠ-
ȕȐȒȈ ȊȣȔȈȏȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȋȓȐȕȖȑ ȕȈ Ȏȍȕț ǬȍȓȧȘț ǰșȗțȋȈȓȈșȤ ǩțȌȚȖ ȗȖȑȔȈȓȐ ȕȈ
ȒȘȈȎȍ ǻșȔȍȝȕțȓșȧ
— ǿȚȖ ȐșȗțȋȈȓȈșȤ" ǬȍȓȧȘȈ Ȉ"
ǷȖȒȘȈșȕȍȓȈ ǹȗȘȧȚȈȓȈ ȟȈȌȘț ȟȚȖ ȊȣȠȐȊȈȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔ ǷȖȚțȗȐȓȈșȤ
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȚȈȒ ȕȍ ȎȌȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȑȌȍȠȤ ȥȜȜȍȕȌȐ
ǵȈȝȔțȘȐȓ ȉȘȖȊȐ ǲȐȏȐȔ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍȓ
©ǲȐȏȐȔț — șȖȘȖȒ ȌȊȈ Ȉ ǬȍȓȧȘȍ — ȊȖșȍȔȕȈȌȞȈȚȤª — ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗȕ
***

64
ǵȍ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ ǬȍȓȧȘȈ ǲȐȏȐȔȈ ȌȈȘȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȉȖȋȈȚ ǸțșȚȍȔ ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ ȉȍȌȍȕ Ȑ ȉȍȏ șȈȒ-
ȓȐ — ȓȦȉ ȍȑ ǯȈ ǲȐȏȐȔȈ ȗȖȠȓȈ ȗȖ ȕȍȊȖȓȍ Ȉ ǸțșȚȍȔȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȣȓȈ ǹȗȐȚ ǬȍȓȧȘȈ
Ȉ ȊȐȌȐȚ ǸțșȚȍȔȈ ǾȍȓțȍȚ ǲȐȏȐȔ ȍȍ ȗȓȍȟȐ Ȑ ȋțȉȣ Ȉ Ȋ țȔȍ ȖȗȧȚȤ ǸțșȚȍȔ ǰ ȋȖȓȖș
ȕȍ ǲȐȏȐȔȈ Ȉ ȉțȌȚȖ ȚȖȋȖ ǲȐȏȐȔ ȠȍȗȟȍȚ
— ǳȦȉȐȠȤ ǬȍȓȧȘȈ"
— ȅȜȜȍȕȌȐ ȥȜȜȍȕȌȐ — Ȉ ȋțȉȣ ȠȍȊȍȓȧȚșȧ ȋȖȘȤȒȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȦ ©ǸțșȚȍȔ ȒȍȔ
ȌȈ ǸțșȚȍȔ ȗȘȐȌȐª
ǰ ȟȈȌȘț ȊȣȠȐȓȈ ȍȔț
ǩȍȓțȦ ȒȈȒ ȚțȔȈȕ Ȉ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ ȘȍȌȒȐȍ ȞȊȍȚȣ ȧȉȓȖȕȤ Ȑ ȔȐȕȌȈȓȍȑ
— ǷȖȒȈȎȐ ǬȍȓȧȘȈ ȟȈȌȘț — ȏȊȈȓȐ șȖșȍȌȒȐ
— ȅȚȖȚ ȋȖȌ ȕȍ ȠȐȓȈ ȕȍȚ ȖȝȖȚȣ — ȖȚȕȍȒȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȚȈ
©ǸțșȚȍȔț ǭȔț ȖȌȕȖȔț ȖȚȌȈȔ ȟȈȌȘț Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȎțª — ȌțȔȈȓȈ ǬȍȓȧȘȈ
***
Ǫ ȗȖȓȌȍȕȤ ǲȐȏȐȔ ȕȈȌȍȓ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȣȑ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȗȖȧș ȌȖșȚȈȓ Ȑȏ șțȕȌțȒȈ Ȍȍȕȍȋ
— ǷȖȑȌț Ȋ ǻȏȍȕȉȈȠ ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ǰȉȘȈȋȐȔ țȔȍȘ ǳȖȠȈȌȤ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖȑȌț Ȓțȗ-
ȓȦ ǿȚȖ ȗȘȐȕȍșȚȐ ǬȍȓȧȘȈ"
— ȅȜȜȍȕȌȐ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȚȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȑșȧ șȒȖȘȍȑ
— ǴȖȓȟȐ ǬȍȕȤȋȐ ȉțȌțȚ ǪȖȚ șȈȌ ȒȈȒ ȞȊȍȚȍȚ ǷȘȐȕȍșȚȐ ȕȖȊȖȍ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ Ȉ"
— ǲȖȋȌȈ ǲȐȏȐȔ ȊȍȘȕȍȠȤșȧ" ǹȒțȟȈȚȤ ȉțȌț
ǶȉȊȐȓȈșȤ ǬȣȠȐȚ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ǲȐȏȐȔț
— ǷȖșȓȍȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȗȘȐȌț ǬȍȓȧȘȈ
***
ǮȌȍȚ ǬȍȓȧȘȈ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ țșȕțȚ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȐȍ ǵȍ șȗȐȚ șȚȈȘȣȑ ǨșȈȕ
Ȋșȍ ȒțȘȐȚ ȌȈ ȒȈȠȓȧȍȚ
— ǬȍȓȧȘȈ ǬȍȓȧȘȈ — ȒȘȧȝȚȐȚ ǨșȈȕ — ǲțȘ ȏȈȔȒȕțȓȈ"
— ǹȗȐ ȌȍȌțȠȒȈ ȏȈȔȒȕțȓȈ
Ǩ ǸțșȚȍȔ ȎȌȍȚ ǶȉȍȡȈȓ ȉȣȚȤ Ȋ ǹțțȒ-ǲȖȠȍ ȕȖȟȤȦ
ǽȖȓȖȌȕȖ șȣȘȖ Ȑ ȎțȚȒȖ Ȋ țȡȍȓȤȍ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ǸțșȚȍȔ ȉțȌȍȚ ȎȌȈȚȤ ǶȉȍȡȈȓ ǹ
ȕȐȔ ȕȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ
***
ǬȘȖȎȐȚ ǬȍȓȧȘȈ ǷȘȖȉȐȘȈȍȚșȧ ȚȐȝȖ Ȓ țȡȍȓȤȦ Ȋ șȈȌț ǾȍȗȓȧȦȚ ȊȍȚȒȐ ȒȐȏȐ-
ȓȈ Ȑ ȖȘȍȠȕȐȒȈ
ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ǹȒȖȘȖ ǹțțȒ-ǲȖȠ Ǩ ȟȈȌȘȈ" ǵȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ǯȈȗȘȧȚȈȓȈ ȒȈȒ țȠȍȓ ǲȐȏȐȔ

65
Ȋ ǻȏȍȕȉȈȠ ǰșȗțȋȈȓȈșȤ ȏȈȚȈȐȓȈ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ șȍȘȖȍ ǷȘȖȗȈȓȖ ȐșȟȍȏȓȖ
©ȀȈȑȚȈȕ ȠȈȑȚȈȕª — ȌțȔȈȍȚ ǬȍȓȧȘȈ Ȑ șȗȍȠȐȚ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȉȐȍȕȐȦ
șȍȘȌȞȈ
***
ǫȌȍ-ȚȖ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȠțȔȍȓ Șțȟȍȑ ǪȏȌȣȝȈȓȐ ț ȒȘțȟȐ șȚȈȘȣȍ șȖșȕȣ
Ǫ țȡȍȓȤȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȍȔȕȖ Ȑ șȣȘȖ
ǸȈȏȌȘȖȉȓȍȕȕȣȍ șȒȈȓȣ Ȑ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȉțȓȣȎȕȐȒȐ ȔȍȠȈȓȐ ȐȌȚȐ ǯȈȘȖșȓȐ ȌȐ-
ȒȖȋȖ ȠȐȗȖȊȕȐȒȈ ȞȍȗȓȧȓȐ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ǬȍȓȧȘȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ
— ǸțșȚȍȔ — ȗȖȏȊȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ
ǫȌȍ-ȚȖ ȋȓțȝȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȖ ©ǸțșȚȍȔª
ǪȣșȖȒȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ ȉțșȣ ǷȓȍȧȌ ǬȍȓȧȘȈ ȍȡȍ ȗȖȏȊȈȓȈ
— ǸțșȚȍȔ ȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ȧ ȏȌȍșȤ
ǹțțȒ-ǲȖȠ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȚ ©ǯȌȍșȤ ȏȌȍșȤª
ǶȗȧȚȤ ȚȐȝȖ ȔȍȎ șȒȈȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȌȘȈȏȕȐȚ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȣȑ ȠȍȗȖȚ ȘțȟȤȧ Ȑ țȕȖ-
șȐȚ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ
ǮȌȍȚ ǬȍȓȧȘȈ țȎ ȟȈș ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȉȘȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ǽȖȓȖȌȕȖ șȣȘȖ țșȚȈȓȐ ȕȖ-
ȋȐ ǹȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ǪȣȕțȓȈ ȟȈȌȘț Ȑ ȗȖȏȈȉȣȓȈ ǸțșȚȍȔȈ ȕȍȚ ǷȖȠȓȈ Ȓ ȖȉȘȣȊț
ǫȓȧȕțȓȈ ȊȕȐȏ ǻȝȊȈȚȐȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ȊȍȚȒț șțȔȈȝȈ ǹȘȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȊȕȐȏ ȒȈȗȓȐ Ȑ ȕȍ
șȓȣȠȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȈȌȈȦȚ ǯȈșȔȍȧȓȈșȤ ȚȐȝȖ ǯȖȊȍȚ
— ǸțșȚȍȔ ȧ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ ǸțșȚȍȔ ȋȌȍ Țȣ" ȇ ȏȌȍșȤ ȇ ǬȍȓȧȘȈ ȚȊȖȧ ǬȍȓȧȘȈ
©ǬȍȓȧȘȈ ǬȍȓȧȘȈª — ȗȖȏȊȈȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȑȝ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȐ
***
ǹ ȗȖȓȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ǲȐȏȐȔ ǬȍȕȤȋȐ ȗȖȏȈȉȣȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȒȍ ǩȘȈȕȐȓșȧ
— ǴȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ǰȏ șțȕȌțȒȈ Ȋȏȧȓ — ȕȈ ȗȖȓȒȍ ȗȖȏȈȉȣȓ
ǵȈ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ ȗȖșȚțȟȈȓșȧ ǴȖȓȟȈȚ ǲȓȐȒȕțȓ ǨșȈȕȈ ȋȘȖȔȟȍ ǲȈȠȓȧȕțȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ
ǶȚȒȘȣȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ
— ǲȐȏȐȔ ǬȍȓȧȘȈ ȋȌȍ" ǹȍȑȟȈș Ƞȍȓ ȔȐȔȖ ȌȊȍȘȐ — ȕȍȚț
ǩȘȖșȐȓșȧ ǲȐȏȐȔ Ȓ ǬȍȓȧȘȍ ǷȘȖȗȈȓȈ ǲȓȐȒȕțȓ șȖȉȈȒ ǺȘȧșȍȚșȧ ȊȍșȤ ǹȝȊȈ-
ȚȐȓ ȘțȎȤȍ ȏȈȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ǷȖȉȍȎȌȈȓ Ȋ șȈȌ ǵȍȚ ǬȍȓȧȘȣ ǲ șȖșȍȌȧȔ ǵȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ Ǭȍ-
ȓȧȘȣ ǷȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț ǲȐȏȐȔ ǩȍȋȈȍȚ ȗȖ șȈȌț ǹȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ș ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ ǬȍȊțȠȒȐ
ȊȣȏȊȈȓȐșȤ ©Ǫ ǹțțȒ-ǲȖȠ ȗȖȑȌȍȔ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤª
***
ǪȏȖȠȓȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ ǷȈȝȕțȚ ȧȉȓȖȕȐ ǷȘȐȉȍȎȈȓȐ Ȓ țȡȍȓȤȦ ǫȓȧȕțȓȐ ȊȕȐȏ șȖ

șȒȈȓȣ ǿȈȌȘȈ ȓȍȎȐȚ ǻȏȕȈȓ ǲȐȏȐȔ ǲȘȐȟȐȚ
— ǿȈȌȘȈ ǬȍȓȧȘȣ ȍȍ
ǩȍȋțȚ Ȋ țȡȍȓȤȍ ǷȘȐȉȍȎȈȓȐ Ȓ ȒȈȔȕȧȔ ȋȌȍ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȟȈȌȘȈ — șȔȖȚȘȧȚ ȉȍȓȣȑ
ȚțȔȈȕ ǶȉȣșȒȈȓȐ țȡȍȓȤȍ ǵȍȚ ȕȐ ǬȍȓȧȘȣ ȕȐ ȟȈȌȘȣ ǪȏȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ ǶȗȧȚȤ
șȔȖȚȘȧȚ — ȓȍȎȐȚ ȟȈȌȘȈ ǰșȗțȋȈȓȐșȤ șȚȈȘȐȒȐ ǻȊȍȓȐ ȌȍȚȍȑ
— ȀȈȑȚȈȕ Ȋȏȧȓ ǬȍȓȧȘț ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ ǲȐȏȐȔ"
Ƕșțȕțȓșȧ ǲȐȏȐȔ ǻȊȍȓȐ ȌȖȔȖȑ ǷȐȚȤ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȍșȚȤ ǵȍȚ ǬȍȓȧȘȣ ǬȍȚȍȑ
ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓȐ ȗțșȒȈȚȤ Ȋ ǹțțȒ-ǲȖȠ
— ȀȈȑȚȈȕ ȚȈȔ ǻȒȘȈȓ ǬȍȓȧȘț
***
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȠȤ Ȋ ǹțțȒ-ǲȖȠ — țȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȒȈȒ șȚȍȓȧȚșȧ ȘȈȏȖȘ-
ȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȚțȔȈȕȣ ǺȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȋȓțȗȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ
Ǩ șȚȈȘȐȒȐ ȏȕȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȟȈȌȘȈ ǬȍȓȧȘȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȠțȚȐȚ ȏȓȖȑ ȀȈȑȚȈȕ

ǽǶǾǮȀ ȍǻǶ

68
ǯȈȊȐșȚȤ — ȏȔȍȧ ǲȖȋȖ țȎȈȓȐȚ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ — ȏȈȉțȌȍȚ ȧșȕȣȑ ȗȖȓȌȍȕȤ ǫȖȓȖȊț
țȘȖȕȐȚ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȐ ȓȧȎȍȚ ȚȧȎȒȐȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ǯȓȣȍ ȔȣșȓȐ ȕȍ ȌȈȌțȚ ȕȐ ȗȐȚȤ ȕȐ ȍșȚȤ
ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ șȋțȉȧȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
***
ǳȍȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ǰ țȘȖȎȈȑ ȉȣȓ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ Ǫ ȌȖȓȐȕȈȝ șȖȉȘȈȓȐ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȍȠȍȕ Ȋ
ȚȖȚ ȋȖȌ Ȉ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ — ȗȍȘșȐȒȖȊ
ǵȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ Ȋ ǨȒȢȧȘȍ ȒțȌȈ ȌȍȊȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ǬȍșȧȚȤ ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȜȍȓȦȋ
țȠȓȐ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ Ȋ ȟțȎȐȍ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ș ȜȘțȒȚȈȔȐ Ȉ Ȋ ǨȒȢȧȘȍ ȍȡȍ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȣ ȕȍ șȖ-
ȉȘȈȓȐ țȘȖȎȈȧ
ǬȈȊȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍȚ ȚȈȒȐȝ țȘȖȎȈȍȊ Ǩ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȟȈșȚȖ ȉȣȊȈȓȐ ǹȚȈȘȐ-
ȒȐ ȍȡȍ ȗȖȔȕȧȚ
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȋȘțȏȐȓȐ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚțȦ ȜȍȓȦȋț ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ șȊȖȍ ȌȖȉȘȖ ȝȈȌ-
ȎȐ ǵȈȜȍ ǩȖȋȖȔȖȓȤȕȣȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȉȣȓ ȝȈȌȎȐ Ȑ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȣȑ ǩȖȋȈȟȍ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȝ
ȉȣȓ Ȉ ȉȍȌȕȣȝ ȕȍ ȖȉȐȎȈȓ ǰ ȏȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ©ȒȈȌȣª ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ©șțȌȤȧª ȊȖȚ ȗȖȟȍ-
Ȕț ǨȒȢȧȘ ȋȌȍ ȎȐȓ ȝȈȌȎȐ ǵȈȜȍ ȍȡȍ ȏȖȊȍȚșȧ șȚȈȘȐȒȈȔȐ ǲȈȌȣȓȐȔȈȕȖȔ ǹȗȘȈȊȍȌ-
ȓȐȊȣȑ ȉȣȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ ǿȚȖ șȒȈȎȍȚ ȝȈȌȎȐ ǵȈȜȍ ȚȈȒ ȚȖȔț Ȑ ȉȣȚȤ
ǵȍȓȤȏȧ țȏȕȈȚȤ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȘȏȐȕ ȗȍȘșȐȒȖȊ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȖȉȘȈȚȤ Ȋ ȌȖȓȐȕȍ ț ȋȖȘȖ-
ȌȈ — ȋȓȈȏ ȖȉȔȈȕȍȚșȧ Ǩ ȝȈȌȎȐ Ȋșȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ Ȑ șȘȈȏț șȒȈȎȍȚ ǷȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ țȟȍȕȣȑ Ȗȕ
Ȑ ȗȘȈȊȍȌȕȣȑ ȀȍșȚȤ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ǴȍȒȒȍ ȉȣȓ ǴțȌȘȖșȚȤ ȖȉȘȍȓ Ȋ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȑ ǲȈȈȉȍ
ǷȘȐȠȍȓ ȝȈȌȎȐ ȕȈ ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȤ ǶȗȍȘșȧ ȕȈ ȗȈȓȒț Ȑȏ șțȝȖȋȖ ȒȐȏȐȓȈ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ
Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȒȘțȋȖȔ Ȋșȍ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ
— ǴȐȓȖșȚȤ ǨȓȓȈȝȈ — ȡȍȌȘȖșȚȤ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ ǺȈȒ Ȑ ȕȈȔ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ
ǰ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ ȝȈȌȎȐ ǷȈȌȈȓȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ Ȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔȐ șȚȘȍȓȈȔȐ țȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋ ȕȍȉȖ
ȔȈȟȚȣ ȜȍȓȦȋ
ǶȒȖȕȟȐȓȐ ȋȘțȏȐȚȤ ȧȡȐȒȐ Ȑȏ ȌȘȈȚȊȣ ș ȗȍȘșȐȒȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȉȈȘȒȈșȣ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ
Ȋșȍ Ȓ ȝȈȌȎȐ ǯȕȈȓȐ ȈȒȢȧȘȞȣ ȟȚȖ șȒȈȎȍȚ ȐȔ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȚȈȘȣȑ ǵȈȜȍ ǽȐȚȘȣȑ ȋȘȍȒ
ȇȕȐ ȚȖȎȍ șȖȠȍȓ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȜȍȓȦȋȐ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ǬȍȓȈȍȚ ȊȐȌ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȘȍȟȤ
șȚȈȘȐȒȈ Ǩ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȇȕȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȘȐȊȐȚ ȌțȠȖȑ ǵȍ ȓȦȉȐȚ ȋȘȍȒ ȝȈȌȎȐ ǵȈ-
Ȝȍ Ȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȕȍ ȎȈȓțȍȚ ȋȘȍȒȈ ǵȍȚ Ȍȍȓ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ Ȉ șȓțȝȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ǹțȝȐȔ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ
ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ ǵȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȣȊȍȚ Ȗȕ Ȋ ǨȒȢȧȘȍ ȌȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ ȏȈ ȘȈȏȉȖȑȕȐȒȈ
ǵȍȚț Ȍȍȓ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȐȕȐȚȤ ȇȕȐ Ǩ ȕȍ ȓȍȎȐȚ ț ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȓ ȕȍȔț șȍȘȌȞȍ Ǩ șȍȘȌ-
Ȟȍ șȓȣȠȐȚ ȓțȟȠȍ țȠȍȑ ǰ șȓȖȊ ȍȔț ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ
ǩȖȋȈȚ șȚȈȓ șȘȈȏț Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȝȊȈȓȐȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȝȈȌȎȐ ǵȈȜȍ șȒȖȘȖ ȉȍȌȕȧȒȖȔ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȊ ȕȍȋȖ
ȇȏȣȒ ț ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȍșȚȤ — ȉȖȓȚȈȍȚșȧ
ǻ șȖȉȈȒȐ ȝȊȖșȚ ȍșȚȤ — ȚȖȎȍ ȉȖȓȚȈȍȚșȧ
ǶȚȖȠȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȖȚ ȜȍȓȦȋ Ȓ ǵȈȜȍ ǰ ȚȐȝȖ șȚȈȓȖ
ǻ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ șȊȖȍ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȖ ȕȈ ȘȖȌț Ȕȕȍ ǨȓȓȈȝ ȗȖșȓȈȓ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȖ Ȉ ȌȍȚȍȑ Ȋȏȧȓ
ǻ ǴțșȚȈȜȣ șȈȌȖȊ ȕȍȚ Ȉ șȣȕȖȊȍȑ — ȌȍȊȧȚȤ
ǹțȔȍȘȒȐ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ ȊȖȓȕȣ șȓțȠȈȓȐ ǽȈȌȎȐ ȓȐȞȈ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ ȉȍȓȍ-
ȓȈ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ Ȑ ȟȈȓȔȈ Ȋ ȊȍȟȍȘȍ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖșȍ ȋȘțșȚȤ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȈ

69
— ȀȍșȚȤ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ǴȍȒȒȍ ȉȣȓ ǷȖȒȓȖȕȧȓșȧ ǷȘȖȘȖȒț Ȑ ȔȖȓȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȟȈșȚȤȍ
ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȊșȍȔ Ȋ ǨȒȢȧȘȍ ǴȍȟȍȚȤ ȊȣșȚȘȖȐȓ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȑ ȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ȗ ȊȈș Ǩ Țȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ șȒȖȘȖ țȔȘț ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ șȈȔȣȑ șȚȈȘȣȑ Ȑ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȔȖȧ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ
— ǫȌȍ Țȍȉȍ țȔȐȘȈȚȤ ȝȈȌȎȐ — ȗȍȘȍȉȐȓ ǲȧȏȐȔ
— ǵȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐ ȚȈȒ — ȏȈȠțȔȍȓȐ ȓȦȌȐ
ǽȈȌȎȐ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȘțȒț
— ǷȍȘȍȌ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȦșȤ ǴȈȋȖȔȍȚț Ȋ ǲȈȈȉȍ
ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ȗȖȍȌț ȖȚ ȊȈș ȕȈ ȜȍȓȦȋȍ ǮȐȊȐȚȍ ȌȘțȎȕȖ Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȑȚȍ ǶșȚȈȊȓȦ ȊȈȔ ȊșȍȔ
șȈȌȣ Ȑ ȚȘȐ ȌȖȔȈ ǷȖȌȍȓȐȚȍ ȗȖȘȖȊȕț ǹȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ȕȈ ȊȖșȚȖȒ Ȉ ȕȍ ȕȈ ȏȈȗȈȌ ǷȖȚȖ-
Ȕț ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȊșȝȖȌȐȚ ȋȌȍ ǨȓȓȈȝ ȎȐȊȍȚ Ȑ ǴȈȋȖȔȍȚ ǷȘȖȘȖȒ ȍȋȖ ǰ ȕȍ ȏȈ-
ȉțȌȤȚȍ ȟȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ȊȈȔ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȉțȌȤȚȍ ȟȍșȚȕȣȔȐ ȟȚȖȉ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȕȕȍ ȊȖȏ-
ȊȘȈȡȈȚȤșȧ ǨȒȢȧȘȣ ȒȈȌȣ ȒȍȘȍȒȔȍș ǨȒȢȧȘț șțȌȤȐ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ
ǴȖȓȟȈȓȈ ȕȖȟȤ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ Ȑ ȓȦȌȐ ǰ ȝȈȌȎȐ țȠȍȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ ȘțȒț ȒȖ ȓȉț
ǪȏȌȖȝȕțȓȐ șȚȈȘȐȒȐ ǲȈȒ-ȚȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȉțȌȍȚ"
***
ǪȍȏțȚ ȊȖȓȣ Ȓ ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȐ șțȕȌțȒȐ ǹȚȈȘȣȍ ȎȍȓȍȏȖȔ Ȑ ȔȍȌȤȦ ȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ Ǻȧ-
Ȏȍȓȣȍ, ȊȐȌȕȖ ǹȒȘȐȗȧȚ ȒȖȓȍșȈ Ȑ ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖșȚȍ ȏȈșȚȘȧȓȐ ǬȖȓȋȖ ȥȚȐ șțȕȌțȒȐ ȋȓȖ-
ȚȈȓȐ ȌȈ ȝȘȈȕȐȓȐ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ǴȖȕȍȚȣ țȓȍȋȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȗȘȐȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȗȍȘȍ-
șȚȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȘțȒȈȔ ȉȍȋȈȚȤ ȒȓȈȌȖȔ ȏȈșȕțȓȐ
ǽȈȌȎȐ ǵȈȜȍ ȘȖȏȌȈȓ șȈȌȣ Ȑ ȌȖȔȈ Ȉ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȊȍȏȍȚ Ȋ ǴȍȒȒț ǩțȌȍȚ șȚȘȖȐȚȤ ȕȖ-
ȊțȦ ȔȍȟȍȚȤ ǺȘțȌȣ ȘțȒ șȊȖȐȝ Ȑ Ȍȕȍȑ ȌȖȓȋȐȝ ȖȚȌȈșȚ ǴȈȋȖȔȍȚț ǺȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȝȈȌ-
ȎȐ șȚȈȘȐȒȈȔ ȗȘȖȡȈȧșȤ ǰ, ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȊȠȐșȤ ȊșȍȔ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț șȍȓ ȕȈ ȜȍȓȦȋț
ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȊșȚȈȊȈȓȖ ȒȘȈșȕȖȍ ǰ ȖșȊȍȚȐȓȖ ȝȈȌȎȐ
— ǪȍȘȕȐșȤ ȝȈȌȎȐ — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ǩȍȒȐȘ-ȗȖȔȍȠȈȕȕȣȑ — ǻ Țȍȉȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ Ȋ ȒȘȖ-
ȊȐ— ȇȊȈȠ, ȌȍȓȐ ǴȖȓȟȐ, ȌțȘȈȒ — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ ȕȈ ǩȍȒȐȘȈ Ȑȏ ȚȖȓȗȣ Ȑ ȌȈȓȐ ȗȖ
ȏȈȚȣȓȒț
ǪȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ ȝȈȌȎȐ ǵȖ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓ șȖȉȖȑ Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— ǵȍ ȉȖȑșȧ ǩȍȒȐȘ ǲȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȐȌȍȚ Ȓ ǴȈȋȖȔȍȚț ǭȋȖ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ
ǷȖȌȕȧȓ ȗȈȘțșȈ ȉȈȘȒȈș — ȒȘȣȓȤȧ Ȋ ȕȍȉȍ
ǶșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȈȒȢȧȘȞȣ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț Ȑ ȗțșȚȖ ȊșȍȔ șȚȈȓȖ ǵȍ ȊȍȘȕȍȚșȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȝȈȌ-
ȎȐ ǹȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȣȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȉȣȓ țȟȐȓ ȗȘȈȊȌȍ
ǹȗȍȠȈȚ ȊȖȓȕȣ Ȑ ȔȖȦȚ ȉȍȘȍȋ ǺȖȕȍȚ ȗȈȘțș ȜȍȓȦȋȐ Ȋ ȌȈȓȧȝ Ǫ ȉȐȘȦȏȍ — ȎȍȔ-
ȟțȋ
***
ǶȉȎȖȘȈ ȉȣȓ ȇȕȐ Ȑ ȎȈȌȕȣȑ ǭȓ ȒȈțȘȔț ȖȉȓȐȏȣȊȈȓ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ Ȑ ȟȈȊȒȈȓ ȒȈȒ șȊȐ-
ȕȤȧ ȏȈ ȔȐșȒȖȑ ȚțȘȠț ǰ ȝȊȈȓȐȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ȗȤȧȕȣȑ ȒțȗȍȞ

70
— ǿȚȖ ȊȈȠ ȝȈȌȎȐ" ǪȖȚ ȧ — ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ǩ Ȗȕ" ǹȓȈȊȣ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖȚ Ȑ
Ȋșȍ ǹ șȖȉȖȑ șȈȌȖȊ țȊȍȏȚȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ — ȖȚȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ Ȋȏȧȓ ǵȍȚ ȇ ȕȍ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȇ ȉȍȏ șȓȖȊ
ȌȈ ș ȌȍȓȖȔ
ǵȍ ȓȦȉȐȓȐ ȋȘȍȒȈ Ȋ ȉȈȓȈȋȈȕȍ ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ ȗȓȈȚȐȓ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ǵȍ ȓȦȉȐȓȐ ȇȕȐ Ȑ ȊȖ
ȊșȍȔ ǨȒȢȧȘȍ ǬȈȘȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȎȤ țȔȍȓ ȔȈșȚȐȒȖȑ ȕȈȗȖȐȚȤ ȌȖ ȉȍșȗȈȔȧȚșȚȊȈ
ǶȚȒȐȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȓȈȊȒț ȇȕȐ ǸȈȏȊȈȓȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȒțȘȐȚ Ǩ ȧȏȣȒ ț ȕȍȋȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȀȈȑ-
ȚȈȕ ȌȍȘȋȈȍȚ
— ǩȈȠ-ȉțȏȣ ȌȈȑ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ ȇȕȐ ȗȐȚȤ ȝȖȟȍȚ
ǽȖȝȖȟȍȚ ȕȈ ȊȍșȤ ȉȈȓȈȋȈȕ ǸȈȌ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȎȘȈȓșȧ
— Ǩ ȝȈȌȎȐ ȊȈȠȍȔț ȕȍ ȊȍȘȦ ǿȍȋȖ ȊȈȔ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔ ȕȍ ȖȚȌȈȓ șȈȌȣ" ǹȈȔȖȔț
ȕțȎȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ
ǵȍ șȚȍȘȗȍȓ ǨȔȍȚ — ȉȘȈȚ Ȕțȓȓȣ
— ǿȍȋȖ Țȣ ȓȈȍȠȤ, ȒȈȒ șȖȉȈȒȈ" ǵȍ ȌȈȍȚ Țȍȉȍ ȎȐȚȤ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȖ ȝȈȌȎȐ
ǶȚȕȧȚȤ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȉȣ — ȕȍ ȌȖȋȖȕȐȠȤ Ǩ ȚȖ ȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȉȣ
ǪȣȉȐȓ ǨȔȍȚ Ȑȏ ȔțȕȌȠȚțȒȈ ȒȘțȟȍȕțȦ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșț Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ șȍȘȌȐȚȖ
— ȇȘȈȔȈș ȈȌȈȔ șȍȕ ǯȓȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Țȣ
***
ǪȖȍȚ ȉțȘȧ — ȠȈȒȈȓ Ȋ ȕȖȟȐ ǬȘȖȎȐȚ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȗȘȣȋȈȦȚ ȕȈ șȒȈȓȣ ȊȖȓȕȣ-Ȏȍ-
ȘȍȉȞȣ ǯȓȣȍ ș ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ȋȘȐȊȈȔȐ
ǨȒȢȧȘȞȣ ȗȖȏȈȗȍȘȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȌȖȔȈȝ Ǫ ȒȖȜȍȑȕȧȝ Ȑ ȚȖ ȚȍȔȕȖ ǽțȌȖ ȉȣȚȤ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȍ
ȕȍȕȈșȚȤȍ Ȋ ȗțȚȐ ǻ Ȗȋȕȧ ȕȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ǰ ȕȖȟȤ țȑȌȍȚ ȉȣșȚȘȍȑ
ǷțșȚȖ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȈȝ ǹȓȖȊȕȖ ȊȣȔȍȘ ǨȒȢȧȘ ǷȘȣȋȈȍȚ ȒȖȠȒȖȑ ȗȖ ȊȖȓȕȈȔ Ȋ ȉțȝ-
Țȍ ȜȍȓȦȋȈ ǵȍțȎȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ" Ǫ ȚȈȒțȦ ȗȖȋȖȌț" ǵȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ
ǺȍȔȕȖ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ǬȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȋȓȈȏ ȖȉȔȈȕțȓșȧ
ǻȚȘȖȔ șȚȐȝ ȊȍȚȍȘ ǯȈȗȍȓ ȔțȓȓȈ ș ȔȍȟȍȚȐ ǶȚȒȘȣȓȐșȤ ȓȈȊȒȐ ǯȈȠțȔȍȓȐ ȒȖ-
ȜȍȑȕȐ ǯȈȚȘȍȡȈȓȐ ȕȈȘȌȣ Ȑ ȒȖșȚȐ ǷȘȐȠȍȓ ș ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȐ ǨȓȐ
— ǹȓȣȝȈȓȐ" ȇȕȐ ȕȖȟȤȦ țȠȍȓ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ
ǵȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓȐ
— ǷȘȐșȕȐȓȖșȤ Țȍȉȍ ǨȓȐ Ǫ ȚȈȒțȦ ȕȖȟȤ
— ǵȍ ȊȍȘȤȚȍ Ǩ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȚ ȜȍȓȦȋȐ Ȑ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȕȍȚț
ǻȌȐȊȐȓȐșȤ
— ǬțȘȕȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ ȝȘȈȉȘȣȑ ǹȔȍȘȚȐ ȕȍ ȉȖȐȚșȧ
— Ǩ ȒțȌȈ țȠȍȓ ȇȕȐ"
— ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ǪȍȚȍȘ ȏȕȈȍȚ
ǯȈȉȍȋȈȓȐ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȒȖșȚȐ ǯȈȉȣȓȐ Ȗ ȋȘȍȒȍ
ǴȈȓȖ ȓȐ ȌțȘȈȒȖȊ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ ǻȚȖȕȍȚ — ȖȌȕȐȔ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ șȚȈȕȍȚ
***
ǪȍșȍȓȖ ȉȍȎȐȚ ȜȍȓȦȋȈ ȇȕȐ ǩțȘȧ șȗȈȓȈ ǷȈȘțș ȒȈȒ ȋȘțȌȤ ȗȖȌ ȘȈșȗȓȈȊȓȍȕ-

ȕȖȑ ȉȘȖȕȏȖȑ ȘȈȕȕȍȋȖ șȖȓȕȞȈ
ǬțȔȣ ȋȘȣȏțȚ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȋȘȍȒȈ ǲȈȒ ȟȍȘȊȧȒ ȚȖȟȐȚ ȌȍȘȍȊȖ
Ǫșȍ ȔȈȓȖ ȍȔț ǯȈȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ ȊȌȊȖȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȌȘțȋȐȝ — ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ ǹȍȘȌ-
Ȟȍ țȗȘȧȔȖȍ ȎȍșȚȒȖȍ ț ȇȕȐ ǵȍ ȓȦȉȐȚ ȟȚȖȉ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȌȘțȋȐȍ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȔț
ȊȏȧȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȌȖ ǵȍ ȗȖȎȈȓȍȍȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ — șȋțȉȐȚ ǽȖȟȍȚ șȓȈȊȣ ȝȖȟȍȚ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ǿȚȖȉ
ȊșȦȌț ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȉȣȚȤ ǮȈȎȌȈ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȍȡȍ ș ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ Ȋșȍ șȗȍȠȐȚȤ ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ ǵȈ-
ȌȖȍȓȖ ȉȖȓȚȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ǿȍȘȕȖȔ ȔȖȘȍ ǺȍșȕȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ǲȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȚȘȍȝȔȈȟȚȖȊȣȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ȕȈȌȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȤ ǿȚȖȉ ȓȍȉȍȌȍȔ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȔ ȗȖ ȊȖȓȕȈȔ ȉȍȋȈȓ
ǶȠȐȉșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȇȕȐ ǬțȔȈȓ ț ǰȉȘȈȔȈ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȔȕȖȋȖ ǬȈȘȖȔ
ȗȖȋțȉȐȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǬȖȔȈ ȚțȘȖȒ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ǵȐ șȍȉȍ ȕȐ ȍȔț ǿȤȐ-ȚȖ ȘțȒȐ
ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȍȓȧȚ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȋ ǺȘȈȗȍȏȖȕȌȍ" Ǩ ȚțȘȖȒ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȒȈȒ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ǵȍ ȊșȚȈȕȍȚ ǵț,
ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍ ȖȉȔȈȕȍȚșȧ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȍȓȖ ȊȍȘȕȖȍ
Ǫ ǨȒȢȧȘ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȕȍȚșȧ ȇȕȐ Ǫ ǹȚȈȔȉțȓ țȑȌȍȚ ȖȚȚțȌȈ Ȋ ǹȔȐȘȕț ȖȚȚț-
ȌȈ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȟȚȖȉ ȊșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȋȕȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȋȕȈȚȤșȧ ȏȈ ȊȍȚȘȖȔ
Ǩ ȓȦȌȐ șȊȖȐ Ȋșȍ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȈȌțȚ ǺȖȎȍ ȘȍȉȧȚȈ ȉȣȊȈȓȣȍ
***
ǪȍȟȍȘ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ǷȖ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȔ ȟȐȚȈȍȚ ȗțȚȤ ȇȕȐ ǰ ȕȈȊȣȒ ș ȔȈȓȣȝ ȓȍȚ ț ȕȍȋȖ
ȏȕȈȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȓȕȈ ȓȖȎȐȚșȧ ȒȈȒ ȖȉȓȈȒȖ ȘȈșȚȍȚ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȉțȌȍȚ
ǳțȕȈ ȏȈȒȈȟȈȓȈșȤ ȊȖ ȚȤȔȍ Ȑ ȏȈȌȣȠȈȓȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ǲ ȗȖȓțȕȖȟȐ ȘȈȏ-
ȉțȌȐȓ ȏȈȌȘȍȔȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȇȕȐ ȆȘȈ ș ȖȚȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȔ țȝȖȔ șȉȍȎȈȊȠȐȑ șȖ șȓțȎȉȣ ȕȈ
ȊȖȍȕȕȖȔ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍ
— ǽȈȌȎȐ ǵȈȜȍ Ȓ ǨȓȓȈȝț șȗȍȠȐȚ
ǪșȒȖȟȐȓ ȇȕȐ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ ǰ ȏȓȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȊȍșȍȓȖșȚȤ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȋȘȍȒȈ ȗȘȐ
ȊȐȌȍ ȉȍȎȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȉȈȘȒȈșȈ ȝȈȌȎȐ
— ǷȖȔȖȎȍȔ șȍȑȟȈș ȍȔț țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ǨȓȓȈȝȈ ǰ Ȋ ǴȍȒȒț ȍȏȌȐȚȤ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ
ǰ ȖȉȘțȋȈȓ ȇȕȐ ȝȈȌȎȐ ȒȈȒ ȗșȈ Ǫȍȓȍȓ ȘțȓȤ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȌȈ ȔȖȓȟȈȚȤ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȖȒȓȐȒȈȚȤ șȚȈȕțȚ
ǲțȗȈȍȚșȧ ȗȓȍȡȍȚșȧ ȓȐȞȖ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȍ ȓțȕȣ ǹȔȍȍȚșȧ ȕȍȔȖ ǰ ȚȐȝȖ Ȋ ȕȖȟȐ ǺȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȘțȔȗȍȓȤ șȒȘȐȗȐȚ ȌȈ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȐ ț ȇȕȐ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȌȍȘȋȈȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒ ȞȍȗȕȈȧ șȖȉȈȒȈ
ǵȈȉȍȎȈȓȖ ȖȉȓȈȒȖ ȕȈ ȓțȕț ǺȍȕȤ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȐȓȈ ȔȖȘȍ ȓȍȕ ȋȖȓțȉȖȑ Ȑ ȉȈȘȝȈȚ ȗț-
ȟȐȕȣ
ǩȈȒȓȈȕȖȔ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ ȋȖȕȐȚșȧ ȇȕȐ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ ȏȈ ȜȍȓȦȋȖȑ ȝȈȌȎȐ ǵȈȗ-
ȘȈșȕȖ ȚȧȕȍȚ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ Ȋ ȚȖșȒȍ țȉȍȋȈȧ ȗȈȘțș ǵȈȜȍ Ȑ ȘȊȍȚșȧ țȑȚȐ ȖȚ ȏȓȖȑ ȗȖȋȖȕȐ
ǸȈșȚȍȚ ȚȍȕȤ ȗȖȓȏțȡȐȔ ȗȧȚȕȖȔ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ ȗȈȘțș ǵȈȜȍ ȚȈȍȚ
ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȊȖ ȔȘȈȒȍ ǲȖșȕțȓȈșȤ ȚȍȕȤ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȜȍȓȦȋȐ ȝȈȌȎȐ Ȑ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓȐ Ȋ ȚȖșȒȍ
ȓȦȌȐ
— ȇȕȐ ȥȚȖ Țȣ" ȇȕȐ
ǷȖȍȚ ȊȖȓȕȈ Ȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȗȓȈȟȍȚ
— ȇȕȐ ȇȕȐ
***

ǫȓțȝȖ ȚȒȕțȓȈșȤ ȜȍȓȦȋȈ ȋȘȍȒȈ Ȋ ȒȖȘȔț ȉȈȘȒȈșȈ ȝȈȌȎȐ ǷȓȈȡȖȔ șȉȘȖȠȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ țȗȈȓ ȗȈȘțș
ǰ ȗȘȣȋȕțȓ ȇȕȐ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț ǯȈȘȣȟȈȓȐ ȏȈȝȘȐȗȍȓȐ ȓȦȌȐ Ȋ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ ȖȗȘȖȒȐ-
ȌȣȊȈȧ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ǹȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȇȕȐ ȝȈȌȎȐ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȖȌț șȉȐȓ ȕȖȋȖȑ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȘȊȈȕțȓ
ȒȐȕȎȈȓȖȔ ȗȖ ȋȖȘȓț ǵȖ șȓȣȠȈȓ
— ǵȍ ȕȈȑȌȍȠȤ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ
ȀȓȍȗȕțȓȖșȤ ȒțȓȍȔ ȚȍȓȖ ȝȈȌȎȐ Ȋ ȊȖȌț
ǳȐȗȓȈ ȔȍȎ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȊ ȋțșȚȍȦȡȈȧ ȒȘȖȊȤ Ȑ ȔȍȠȈȓȈ ȇȕȐ ȊȣȋȘțȎȈȚȤ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȑȏ
șȍȘȌȞȈ ȜȍȓȦȋȐ ǲȘȍȗȒȖ șȚȖȘȖȎȐȓȐ șțȕȌțȒȐ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ǰ ȉȤȍȚ ȚȖȗȖȘȖȔ ȇȕȐ ȗȖ
ȕȐȔ ǺȘȍȡȈȚ ȌȖșȒȐ ǲȘȧȝȚȐȚ Ȑ ȊȐȏȎȐȚ ȎȍȓȍȏȖ Ǩ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȝȘȐȗȐȚ ȆȘȈ ș ȘȈș-
ȗȖȘȖȚȣȔ ȎȐȊȖȚȖȔ ǬȍȘȋȈȍȚșȧ ȍȡȍ ȉȖșȈȧ ȕȖȋȈ ȍȋȖ țȌȈȘȧȧ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȋȖ ǲȧ-
ȏȐȔȈ
ǷȖȍȚ ȊȖȓȕȈ ȗȖȍȚ Ȑ ȗȓȈȟȍȚ ǰ ȚȐȝȖ șȗȐȚ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȜȍȓȦȋȈ ȝȈȌȎȐ ǵȈȜȍ
ǻȒȘȣȓ ȍȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȚ ȔȖȘȧ ȟȚȖ ȚȦȘȉȍ — șȖȕ ȗȘȈȊȖȊȍȘȕȖȋȖ
***
ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȏȖȓȖȚțȦ ȗȠȍȕȐȞț șȍȍȚ ȕȈ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȑ ȉȍȘȍȋ ǴȍȓȤȒȕțȓȐ ȝȖȓȔȣ șȓȍȊȈ
Ȑ ȘȈșȚȍȚ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȚȈȧ ȟȈȠȈ — Ǩȑȧ-ǹȖȜȐȧ ǰ ȔȐȕȈȘȍȚȣ ȊȖȚȒȕțȚȣ Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȟȚȖ
ȒȐȕȎȈȓȣ ȘțȒȖȧȚȒȈȔȐ
ǷȍȚȤ Ȑ ȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ ȇȕȐ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ-ȚȖ Ȗȕ ȉȖȋȈȚ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ-ȚȖ Ȗȕ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ Ȍȕȍȑ Ǩ
șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȕȍ ȎȈȓȤ ǿȚȖ ȒțȘȐȞȈ ȟȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ — ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȖ ȗȖȌȖȝȕțȚ
ǪȖȚ Ȑ ȉȍȘȍȋ ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȌȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȌȖ ǹȚȈȔȉțȓȈ ȚȈȒ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȇȕȐ ǻȌȈȟȈ ǪȐȌ-
ȕȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȍȔț ȊȍȏȍȚ Ǫ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȉȈȓȈȋȈȕȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȠȊȣȘȧȍȚ ȒȈȘȚȣ
ǹȉȘȖșȐȓȐ ȗȈȘțș ǯȈțȘȟȈȓȐ ȉȓȖȒȐ ǩțȝȕțȓ Ȋ ȊȖȌț ȧȒȖȘȤ ǫȘȍȔȐȚ ȞȍȗȤ Ȑ ȗȓȍ-
ȡȍȚ ȕȈ ȉȈȒ ȉȘȣȏȋȐ
— ǿȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȕȈ ȉȈȒȍ" — ȒȘȐȟȐȚ ȇȕȐ — ǪșȦ ȞȍȗȤ ȚȘȈȊȐȚȍ"
ǹ ȕȖșȈ ȉȈȘȒȈșȈ ȗȍȘȍȊȍșȐȓȐșȤ ȊȕȐȏ ǫȓȧȕțȓȐ
— ǬȕȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȚ ȇȒȖȘȤ ȘȈȕȖ ȖȚȌȈȓȐ
ǷȖȌȉȍȎȈȓ ȇȕȐ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ ǵȈȒȓȖȕȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȒȓȦȏț ǵȍ ȏȈȍȓȈ ȓȐ ȞȍȗȤ" ǵȍȚ Ȋ
ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ
— ǬȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȘȧȌȖȔ ǲȈȒ ȌȕȈ ȕȍȚ"
ǷȖȌȕȧȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ
ǷȘȖȗȈȓ Ȑșȟȍȏ ȋȖȘȖȌ
ǷȘȖȚȍȘ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȇȕȐ ǿȚȖ șȗȐȚ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ" ǷȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȕȈȏȈȌ
ǴȖȘȍ ǲȘțȋȖȔ ȔȖȘȍ
— ǫȌȍ ȋȖȘȖȌ ǷȖȓȐȝȘȖȕ" — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȇȕȐ
— ǨȕȈșȚȈș ȋȌȍ ȋȖȘȖȌ"
ǶȉȖȘȊȈȓșȧ ȋȖȓȖș ț ǷȖȓȐȝȘȖȕȈ ǻȗȈȓȐ ȘțȒȐ ǨȕȈșȚȈșȈ — ȗȓȍȚȐ
ǩȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȒȖȘȔȍ ȇȕȐ ǪȣȘțȋȈȓșȧ ȗȓȦȕțȓ ǻȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȘțȔȗȍȓȤ
— ǷȖȌȣȔȈȑ ȗȈȘțș
***

73
ǽȖȝȖȟȍȚ ȏȈ ȌȈȓȧȔȐ ȋȘȖȏȈ ǷȖȋȘȍȉ ȚȍȔȕȣȑ — ȕȖȟȤ ȀȐȗȐȚ ȗȍȕȈ ȠȊȣȘȧȍȚ
ȏȣȉȤ ȜȍȓȦȋț ȒȈȒ ȗțșȚțȦ ȉȖȟȒț ǰ ȚȘȍȗȍȡțȚ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ Ȗȋȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȉȈȉȖȟȍȒ-ȏȈȘ-
ȕȐȞ ȖȚ ȒȘȈȧ ȌȖ ȒȘȈȧ ȓȦȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ
ǺȘȍșȕțȓȖ ȕȍȉȖ ǯȔȍȍȑ ȊȐȓȤȕțȓȈ ȔȖȓȕȐȧ Ȑ țȌȈȘȐȓȈ Ȋ ȊȖȌț ț șȈȔȖȑ ȜȍȓȦȋȐ
ǻȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȇȕȐ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȘȦȔ ȓȦȌȐ ǽȓȍȉȕțȓȈ ȊȖȌȣ ȜȍȓȦȋȈ Ȑ ȘȊȈ-
ȕțȓ ȏȈ ȗȈȘțș ȊȍȚȍȘ ǯȈȘȣȟȈȓ ȋȘȖȔ ȓȖȗȕțȓ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ǻȞȍȗȐȓșȧ ȇȕȐ ȏȈ ȘțȔȗȍȓȤ ǵȖȋ-
ȚȧȔȐ ȊȗȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȌȘȍȊȒȖ ǴțȘȈȠȒȐ ȏȈȉȍȋȈȓȐ ȗȖ șȗȐȕȍ Ȑ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȏȈȠȍȊȍȓȐȓȐșȤ
ǯȈ ȒȖȘȔȖȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȟȤȐ-ȚȖ ǵȈșȚȐȋȈȦȚ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ǰ ȋȖȓȖș șȚȈȘȐȒȈ
— ǵȍ ȕȈȑȌȍȠȤ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ
ǴȍȓȤȒȕțȓȐ ȖȋȕȐ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ǶȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ ȇȕȐ
— ǪȣȝȖȌȐ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț ǩȍȘȍȋ
ǳȍȚȐȚ ȉȈȘȒȈș ȋȕȍȚșȧ ȔȈȟȚȈ ǪȖȚ ȉȓȐȏȒȐ ȖȋȕȐ ȊȖȚ ȌȍȘȋȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȧȒȖȘȍ Ƞȝț-
ȕȈ
— ǹȚȖȑ ǿȤȧ ȠȝțȕȈ" ǰȉȘȈȔȈ ǬȈ ȊȍȌȤ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȍșȚȤ ǰ ȕȈ ȉȈȒ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȚțȘȖȒ
ǹȔȍȍȚșȧ ȘțȒȖȑ ȔȈȠȍȚ ȏȖȊȍȚ ǬȈ ȊȍȌȤ Ȗȕ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ Ǩ ȥȚȖ ǺȘȈȗȍȏȖȕȌ
ǹȓȣȠȍȕ ȗȘȐȉȖȑ ȀȊȣȘȧȦȚ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȣȍ ȟȍȘȍȗȒȐ
ǪȏȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȜȍȓȦȋȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȒȐȓȤ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȕȍ ǯȈȒȘȣȓ ȋȘȍȉȍȕȤ ȖȋȕȐ ǷȖȓȖȎȐȓ Șț-
ȓȧ ȊȣȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȉȈȘȒȈș ȇȕȐ
ǻȚȖȕțȓ ȋȖȘȖȌ
ǴȖȘȍ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ șȚȖȕȍȚ
— ǵȍ ȕȈȑȌȍȠȤ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ
***
ǯȈȗȖȘȖȠȐȓ ȒȖȓȒȐȑ șȕȍȋ ȊȈȕȚȣ ǶȉȓȍȌȍȕȍȓȐ ȉȖȘȚȈ ǲȈȒ ȗȤȧȕȈȧ ȘȈșȒȈȟȐȊȈȍȚ-
șȧ ȜȍȓȦȋȈ Ȋ ȔȍȚȍȓȐ ǩȤȍȚ ȗȖ ȔȈȟȚȍ ȗȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȈȘțș Ȑ ȏȊȍȕȧȚ ȗȘȐȓȐȗȠȐȍ Ȓ
ȗȈȘțșȐȕȍ șȖșțȓȤȒȐ
ǶȒȖȟȍȕȍȓȐ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȕȖȋȐ ț ȇȕȐ ǷȘȐȔȍȘȏȓȐ Ȓ ȘțȔȗȍȓȦ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȖȚȖȘȊȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ șȖȟȐȚșȧ ȒȘȖȊȤ Ȑ ȗȈȌȈȍȚ ȕȈ șȕȍȋ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȐ Ǩ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȐ ȉȈȘȒȈș ȕȈ ȔȖȘȍ — Ȑ ȇȕȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȐȚ
ǺȘȖȍ șțȚȖȒ ȔȍȚȈȓȈșȤ ȜȍȓȦȋȈ ț ǺȘȈȗȍȏȖȕȌȈ ǵȖȟȤȦ ȔȈȧȟȐȓȐ ȖȋȕȐ ǹȍȔȕȈȌ-
ȞȈȚȤ Ȍȕȍȑ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ȒȈȒ șȖȘȊȈȓșȧ ǷȖȓȐȝȘȖȕ ș ȔȈȟȚȣ Ȑ țȚȖȕțȓ ǩțȘȧ ȋȕȈȓȈ ȉȈȘ-
ȒȈș ȔȐȔȖ ǨȒȢȧȘȈ ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȉȣȓ ȊȐȌȍȕ ȒțȗȖȓ Ǩȑȧ-ǹȖȜȐȐ ǻ ǼȐȖȓȍȕȚȈ ȏȈȔȍȘȏ
ȕȖȟȤȦ ǨȕȈșȚȈș Ȉ ȗȖșȓȍ ȇȕȐ șȟȍȚ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȌȕȧȔ Ȑ ȕȖȟȈȔ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȗȖșȊȐșȚȍ ȊȤȦ-
ȋȐ șȓȣȠȐȚ ȋȖȓȖșȈ
— ȇȕȐ ȥȚȖ Țȣ" ȇȕȐ
ǫȕțșȈȊȖ șȚȖȕȍȚ ȊȍȚȍȘ Ȑ ȕȍșȍȚ
— ȇȕȐ ȇȕȐ
***
ǹȚȖ ȓȍȚ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ Ȑ ȍȡȍ șȚȖ Ȑ ȍȡȍ șȚȖ

ǴȕȖȋȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȘȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ țȔȍȘȓȖ ǵȖȊȣȍ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȊȣȘȖșȓȐ ȌȘțȋȐȍ Ȑș-
ȟȍȏȓȐ ș ȓȦȌȤȔȐ
ǲȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȖȟȤ șȔȍȕȧȍȚ ȒȈȎȌțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ǫșȍ ȗȖȒȖȑ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚ
Ȋșȍ ȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȜȍȓȦȋȈ ȇȕȐ ȔȍȟȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǿȍȘȕȖȔț ȔȖȘȦ ȉȍȏ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ Ǫ ȏȐȔ-
ȕȐȍ ȕȖȟȐ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȦȚ ȍȍ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐ Ȑ șȗȍȠȈȚ ȗȘȖȟȤ ȖȚ ȇȕȐ ǷȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȓ
ȍȋȖ ȝȈȌȎȐ Ȑ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȤȍ ǨȓȓȈȝ
ǵȍ ȕȈȑȌȍȚ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȇȕȐ
ǵȍ ȕȈȑȌȍȚ ȗȖȒȈ ȝȈȌȎȐ ȕȍ țȔȖȓȐȚ ǨȓȓȈȝȈ șȕȧȚȤ ș ȘȈȏȉȖȑȕȐȒȈ ȇȕȐ ȗȘȖȒȓȧ-
ȚȤȍǨ ȒȖȋȌȈ țȔȖȓȐȚ — ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ șȒȈȎȍȚ

Ǽǿǳǹ

76
ǪȕȐȔȈȑ ȊșȧȒȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȐȔȍȦȡȍȔț șȍȘȌȞȍ
ȗȘȍȒȓȖȕȧȦȡȍȔț țȝȖ Ȑ ȊȐȌȧȡȍȔț
ǲȖȘȈȕ ȋȓȈȊȈ -ȧ
ǨȓȓȈȝ ȕȍȐȏȘȍȟȍȕ — ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȌȈȘȐȚ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȒȈȏȕȐȚ Ȉ ȒȚȖ ȗȘȈȊȍȌȕȣȔ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȕȍȚ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ țȋȈȌȈȚȤ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ
ǷȧȚȤȌȍșȧȚ ȓȍȚ ȒȖȗȈȓ ȏȍȔȓȦ ǨȔȍȚ ǴȖȏȖȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȖȘȍȝȐ ȕȈ ȓȈȌȖȕȧȝ ȊȣȘȖșȓȐ
Ǩ șȖȉȘȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȒȈȗȓȐ ȗȖȚȈ — ȊȣșȚȐȘȈȚȤ ȘțȉȈȝț ȔȖȎȕȖ
ǹȣȕ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȍ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȈțȓȖȊ ȗȍȘȍȚȈșȒȈȓ ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ ȔȈȓȣȑ ȍȡȍ ȟȚȖ ȍș-
ȓȐ șȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȈȔȉȈȘȈ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȕȍȚ
— ǨșȒȍȘȖȔ ȝȖȟț șȌȍȓȈȚȤșȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȖȚȞț — Ǭȍȕȍȋ ȉțȌȍȚ ȔȕȖȋȖ
ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȉțȌț ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȌȈȘȒȐ ȉțȌț ș ȒțȗȞȖȊ ȉȘȈȚȤ
ǬȈȎȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȐ ȏȈȒȓȖȒȖȚȈȓȖ ț ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ
ǻșȔȍȝȕțȓșȧ ǨȔȍȚ ǭȓ ȉȘȣȕȏț ǷȖȎȍȊȈȓ
— ǪȖȚ ȚȈȒȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȧ șȓȣȠȈȓ ǨȏȈȟȣȝ ȈȏȈȟȣȝ ȖȓțȘ ȉțșȐȧȘ ȌȈȌȍȘȓȍȘȓȍ ȚȖ-
ȓȈȘ ȒȖȌȎȈ ȈȕȉȈȘ ǴȈȓȖ-ȗȖȔȈȓț șȖȉȐȘȈȍȚșȧ ȔȕȖȋȖ ǯȍȘȕȈ ȏȈȒȘȖȔȈ ȗȖȓȕȧȚ Ǩș-
ȒȍȘȖȔ ȉțȌȍȠȤ — șȖȉȈȒȖȑ șȚȈȕȍȠȤ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȡȍȕȖȒ Țȣ ǹȖȉȐȘȈȑ ȓțȟȠȍ
ȔȍȌȧȠȒȐ ǴȍȌȤ șȍȘȍȉȘȖȔ șȚȈȕȍȚ Ȉ șȍȘȍȉȘȖ Ȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ ȒțȗȐȚ ǯȖȓȖȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ — ȊȍșȤ
șȊȍȚ ȒțȗȐȠȤ ǷȖȕȐȔȈȑ Ȑ șȓțȠȈȑ
ǹȢȍȓ ȍȡȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȞȈ ǨȔȍȚ șȗȘȧȚȈȓ Ȋ șțȔț ȒțșȖȒ ȟțȘȍȒȈ Ȑ ȏȈȒțȘȐȓ
ǹȖșȟȐȚȈȓ ȗȖ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔ:
— ǪȖȚ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ ȗȧȚȈȧ ȗȧȚȕȐȞȈ — ȗȖȑȌȍȔ Ȋ ȅșȒȐ-ȠȍȐȘ ǰȠȈȒȈ ȒțȗȐȔ ǹȚȈ-
Șȣȑ ȧ Ȉ ȔȖȎȍȚ, ȘȈȏȉȖȋȈȚȍȦ ǲȖȗȐȓ — ȕȈȒȖȗȐȓ-ȚȈȒȐ ȕȈ ȖșȓȈ
ǩȍȏȘȖȌȕȣȑ ǨȔȍȚ Ȑ ȉȍȌȕȧȒ ǩȍȌȕȖȋȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȖȉȐȌȍȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ǶșȖ-
ȉȍȕȕȖ ȍșȓȐ ț ȒȖȋȖ ȧȏȣȒ ȏȓȖȑ ȐȓȐ ȘțȒȐ ȖȚ ȉȍȏȌȍȓȤȧ ȟȍȠțȚșȧ
ǩȖȘȖȌȈȊȒȈ ȕȈ ȕȖșț ț ǨȔȍȚȈ Ǩ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ ȌȘȈȏȕȧȚ
— ǨȔȍȚ ǵȈ ȕȖșț ȒȈȘȚȖȠȒȈ ȊȣȘȖșȓȈ ǷȧȚȤȌȍșȧȚ ȓȍȚ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȒȖȗȈȍȚ ǨȔȍȚ Ȉ
ȖșȓȈ ȒțȗȐȚȤ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ
— Ǻȣ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȉȣ ȗȘȧȚȈȓ
ǨȓȐ șȣȕ ǨȔȍȚȈ ȏȈȐȒȖȑ ȘȖș
— ȇȏȣȒ ȗȘȖȎȍȊȈȓ ȉȣ Ȉ ȗȖșȓȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
ǲȈȒ-ȚȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȖșȚ Ƞȍȓ ǨȓȐ Ȑ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȍ ȧȡȐȒ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ ș ȐȕȎȐȘȖȔ ȕȍș Ƕș-
ȚțȗȐȓșȧ Ȑ țȚȖȗȐȓ ȧȡȐȒ ǷȖȌȓȍȚȍȓ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ ȉȐȓ ȒȈȒ șȖȉȈȒț
— Ƕșȍȓ ȎȍȘȍȉȞȈ ȕȍ ȕȈȘȖȌȐȚ ǿȚȖ ȖȚȍȞ ȟȚȖ șȣȕ ǿȍȋȖ șȈȔ ȕȍ țȚȖȗȐȓșȧ"
ǯȓȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȊȍȏȌȍ ȉȣȊȈȦȚ ǿȚȖ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ǩȣȓȐ ȍșȚȤ ǴȖȎȍȚ
ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȍ ȉțȌțȚ
Ǫ ȕȍȉȍ — ȊȖȏȌțȝ șȓȈȌȒȐȑ Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȍ — șȖȓȤ ȋȖȘȤȒȈȧ
Ǩ ȚȖ ȏȈȟȍȔ Ȑ ǴȈȋȖȔȍȚț ȉȣ ȘȖȌȐȚȤșȧ"
ǷȘȐȠȓȈ ȗȧȚȈȧ ǬȎțȔȈ
ǨȔȍȚ ȕȈȌȍȓ ȕȖȊțȦ ȜȍșȒț ȏȈȗȘȧȚȈȓ Ȋ ȗȖȧș ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȑ țȚȘȖȔ ȘȈȕȖ țȠȍȓ Ȋ ȅș-

77
ȒȐ-ȠȍȐȘ ǨȓȐ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȖȓȈȝ ȒțȉȈȘȍȔ ȒȈȚȐȚșȧ
ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȝȓȍȉ ȌȖșȚȈȊȈȚȤ ȕȈȌȖ ȊșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȉȣ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȈȔ
Ǫ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ — ȝȈȔȈȓ Ȗȕ ț Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈ ȗȖȉȍȋțȠȒȈȝ Ǩ ȏȌȍșȤ ȒȈȒ ȗȚȐȞȈ
ǷȖȌȉȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ȖȚȞț ǫȓȈȏȈ ȋȖȘȧȚ ȟȚȖ țȋȓȐ
— ǬȈȊȈȑ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ȖȚȍȞ ȒțȗȐȔ ǷȖȍȌț ȗȖ șȊȍȚț Ȉ Țȣ ȌȖȔȈ șȐȌȐ ǷȘȐȊȍȏț Ȍȍ-
ȕȍȋ ǫȧțȘȈ ȏȈȘȍȎț ȌȖșȚȈȕț
ǨȔȍȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǯȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ
ǩȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȉȍȋ ȊșȝȖȌȐȚ ȕȈȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Ȍțȉ ȊȣȘȈșȚȈȍȚ
ǷȖȌȖȠȓȐ Ȓ ȅșȒȐ-ȠȍȐȘț ǻ ȘțȟȤȧ ȖȉȔȣȓȐ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ ȗȖȔȖȓȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ǪȖșȚȖȒ
ǪȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ ǷȍȘȍȋȖȘȖȌȟȈȚȣȔȐ șȚȈȊȕȧȔȐ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣ ȖȒȕȈ ȌȖȔȖȊ ȉțȌȚȖ ȕȐ-
ȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȎȐȊȍȚ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ǯȈȚȖ ȕȈ ȉȈȏȈȘȍ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȠțȔ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȉțȌȚȖ ȔȖȘȍ ȉț-
ȠțȍȚ
©ǬțȔ — ȉțȓțȔ — ȌțȔ-ȌțȔª — ȋțȌȐȚ ȌțȔȉȈȓȖ ǷȈȌȈȍȚ Ȋ ȚȍȔȧ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ȗȋȕȍȕ-
ȕȖȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ ǪȖȗȐȚ Ȇșțȗ-ȗȘȖȒȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ Ȗ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȔ ǨȓȓȈȝȍ
ǰ ȗȓȍȡȍȚșȧ șȍȘȍȉȘȖ ȋȖȓțȉȐȕȣȝ ȒȘȣȓȤȍȊ Ȋ ȒțȗȖȓȍ ȔȍȟȍȚȐ ǫȈȓȌȧȚ ȓȦȌȐ
ǩȈȝȊȈȓȧȚșȧ ȒțȗȞȣ ȚȖȊȈȘȈȔȐ
ȀȍȓȒ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ Ȑ ȓȐȓȖȊȖȋȖ ȗțȘȗțȘȈ ǲȖȊȘȣ ǴȐȕȌȈȓȤ Ȑ ȜȐșȚȈȠȒȐ Ȑ ȐȕȎȐȘ
Ȑȏ ǹȔȐȘȕȣ ǷȈȝȓȈȊȈ Ȑ ȌȖȕȌțȘȔȈ ǩȓȈȋȖȊȖȕȕȣȍ ȔȈșȓȈ Ȑ șȈȕȌȈȓȖȊȣȍ ȟȍȚȒȐ Ȑȏ
ǴȍȒȒȐ ǽȕȈ Ȍȓȧ ȕȖȋȚȍȑ Ȑȏ ǽȈȔȈȌȈȕȈ ȇȚȈȋȈȕȣ Ȑ ȗȖȧșȈ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ ǿțȉțȒȐ ȧȕȚȈȘ-
ȕȣȍ Ȑ Ȑȏ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȗȍȕȒȐ
ǯȊȍȕȧȚ ȟȍȘȊȖȕȞȣ ǬȈȎȍ șȈȔ ȒȈȑȔȈȒȈȕ ȕȍ șȒȈȎȍȚ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑȝ ț ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȓȦ-
ȌȈ ǬȈȘȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȎȈȌȕȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȊȍȗȘȤ
ǶȚȖȘȖȗȍȓ ǨȓȐ ǶȚȒȘȣȓ ȘȖȚ ǹȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȕȍ ȕȈșȔȖȚȘȐȚșȧ
ǪșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ǨȔȍȚȈ ȓȈȊȖȟȕȐȒ Ȑȏ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ
— ǯȈȟȍȔ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ǨȔȍȚ"
— ǷȘȐȠȍȓ — ȍȓȍ ȌȖȠȍȓ ǽȖȟț ȐȠȈȒȈ ȒțȗȐȚȤ Ǻȣ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȠȤ"
— ǷȘȖȌȈȍȔ — ȗȖȒțȗȈȍȔ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈȟȍȔ Țȍȉȍ Ȗșȍȓ" ǳțȟȠȍ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ
ȌȈȓ ǹ ȓȐȝȊȖȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȋȖȌ ȗȖȓțȟȐȠȤ
— ǵȍȚ ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓ ȏȍȔȓȐ
ǷȖȗȘȖȡȈȓșȧ Ȑ țȠȍȓ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
ǷȘȐȠȓȐ Ȓ ȒȖȕȖȊȧȏȐ ǴȍșȐȓȐ șȖȓȖȔț Ȑ ȕȈȊȖȏ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ Ȑ Ȗșȓȣ
ǺȖȘȋȖȊȈȓșȧ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȈȓșȧ ǨȔȍȚ ǺȘȐ ȘȈȏȈ țȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȚȘȐ ȘȈȏȈ ȊȖȏȊȘȈ-
ȡȈȓșȧ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȚȖȓȒȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ǻȌȈȘȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȘțȒȈȔ ȒȓȐȒȕțȓȐ ȒȈȜȍȌȎȐ ǷȖȉȈȓȖ-
ȊȈȓ ȒțȗȍȞ ǨȓȐ ȌȖȕȌțȘȔȖȑ
ǷȖșȐȌȍȓ ǨȔȍȚ ȗȖȒțȘȐȓ
— ǵț Ȋ ȌȖȘȖȋț
ǻ ȔȍȟȍȚȐ ȗȖȘȈȊȕȧȓȐșȤ ș ȕȐȡȐȔ ȆșțȜȖȔ ǹȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȚȖȟȒȈȝ ǶȚȒȐȌȣȊȈȓ
ȕȈȏȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊț ǹȒȊȖȏȤ ȏȈșȚȣȊȠȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȣȓȤ Ȑ ȋȕȖȑ Ȋ ȉȐȘȦȏȍ ȕȍȉȈ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȓȐȞȖ
ǨȓȓȈȝȈ
— ǬȎȈȈȔȐ ȗțșȚȤ ȞȊȍȚȍȚ ȘȖȏȖȑ șȓȈȌȒȖȑ ǴȖșțȓȈ
Ƿȍȓ ȋȕțșȈȊȖ ȒȈȒ ȗțșȚȈȧ ȚȣȒȊȈ
ǯȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȆșțȜ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ș ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȖȔ Ȑ ȖșȓȖȔ ǯȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ
— ǰȌȐ ȐȌȐ ȕȈ Ȗșȓȍ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȖȔ
ǩȘȖșȐȓ ǨȔȍȚ ȌȍȕȤȋț Ȓ ȕȖȋȈȔ ȆșțȜȈ

78
— ǿȍȔ ȧ ȕȍ țȋȖȌȍȕ șȓȖȊț ǴȐȓȖșȍȘȌȕȖȋȖ"
ǷȖȒȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȆșțȜ ǰ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǨȓȓȈȝ ȊȍȓȐȒ ȔțȌȘ ȕȍȐȏȘȍȟȍȕ ǹȓȖȊȖȔ ǲȖȘȈȕȈ ȒȓȧȕțșȤ ȟȚȖ ȘȈșșȚȍȓȐȓ
Ȗȕ ȏȍȔȓȦ — ȒȖȊȍȘ ǪȖȏȘȖșȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ ȐȕȎȐȘ Ȑ ȗȈȓȤȔȈ Ȑ ȊȐȕȖȋȘȈȌ ǰ ȕȖșȧȚ Țȧ-
ȎȍșȚȐ Ȑ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȈ ȗȖ ȗȍșȒȈȔ ȗțșȚȣȕȐ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȣ ǹȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȈ ȉȍȌȕȣȝ ǲȚȖ
ȉȖȋȈȚ ȚȖȚ ȉȍȌȍȕ Ǩ Țȣ ȉȖȋȈȚ ȐȉȖ ȉȍȌȍȕ ȖșȚȈȊȤ ȖșȓȈ ȟȚȖȉ ȕȍ șȚȈȚȤ ȉȍȌȕȣȔ
ǶȚȖȠȍȓ ǨȔȍȚ Ȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȓ
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȊȣȠȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋț țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȧȕȍ ȗȓȧșȈȊȠȐȝ Ǫșȍ — ȔȖȓȖ-
ȌȍȎȤ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ǷȐȓȐ ȉțȏț ȥȚȐ ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ ǲȘțȎȐȓȐșȤ ȗȘȐȚȖȗȚȣȊȈȧ Ȋ
ȒȘțȋț ȊȏȧȊȠȐșȤ ȏȈ ȘțȒȐ ǯȍȔȓȧ țȝȈȓȈ Ȑ ȚȘȧșȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȗȓȧșȈ ǷȖȘȈȊȕȧȓȐșȤ ș ȉȍȏ-
ȌȍȓȤȕȐȒȈȔȐ ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȉȍȎȈȓ Ȗșȍȓ Ȉ șȏȈȌȐ șȗȍȠȐȓȐ ǨȔȍȚ Ȑ ǨȓȐ ǶșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ
ȗȓȧșțȕȣ
— ǹȚȖȑ șȚȖȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ
ǶșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ǷȖȌȖȠȓȐ ǽȖȝȖȟțȚ ǲȘȈșȕȣȍ ȖȚ țȋȈȘȈ Ȑ ȗȓȧșȒȐ
— ǺȊȖȑ Ȗșȍȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ"
— ǴȖȑ ȓȦȌȐ ȌȖȉȘȣȍ
— Ǩ șȣȕ ȚȊȖȑ"
—ǰșȣȕȔȖȑ
— ǯȈȟȍȔ Ȏȍ Ȗșȍȓ Țȍȉȍ"
— ǵȈ ȉȈȏȈȘȍ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȒțȗȐȓ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȊȍȌț
— Ǩ ȟȚȖ Țȍȉȍ Ȗșȍȓ șȣȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȎȍ" ǿȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖșȈȌȐȠȤ ȕȈ ȖșȓȈ ȍȋȖ" ǵȍ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ
ȘȈȏȊȍ ț ȖșȓȈ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȕȖȋȐ Ȉ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȌȊȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȈ Ȑ ȚȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ
ǯȈȝȖȝȖȚȈȓȐ șȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ ǨȓȐ țșȈȌȐȓȐ ȊȍȘȝȖȔ Ȑ ȝȊȖȘȖșȚȐȕț ȍȡȍ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ șțȕț-
ȓȐ
— ǵț ȗȖȍȏȎȈȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȅȒȐȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȘȈȊȖ ǵț ȗȖȍȏȎȈȑ ǹȚțȗȈȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ
ǵȈșȔȍȧȓȐșȤ ȋțȓȧȒȐ ȊȌȖȊȖȓȤ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȗȐȓȐ ȏȈȗȓȧșȈȓȐ
— Ǩ Ȑ ȚȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ șȈȔ ȕȍ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȓșȧ, — ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ ǨȔȍȚ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȏȈ
ȖșȓȖȔ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȠȓȐ ȔȖșȚ Ȉ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȔțȓȓȈ Ȑ ȌȊȈ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ș șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȔȐ
ȉȖȘȖȌȈȔȐ
ǶȚȊȍșȐȓ ȗȖȒȓȖȕ ǨȔȍȚ Ȑ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ ȔȐȔȖ ǹȚȘȖȋȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȔțȓȓȈ ȗȖȒȈ-
ȟȈȓȐ șȚȈȘȐȒȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȈȔȐ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ" ǵȖȊȣȍ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȐ ț ȕȈș"
ǶșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ǨȔȍȚ ǷȘȐȌȍȘȎȈȓ ǨȓȐ ȖșȓȈ
— ǹȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȔ Țȍȉȧ șȚȈȘȐȒ — șȚțȒȕțȓ ȗȈȓȒȖȑ Ȗȉ ȌȖȘȖȋț ȔțȓȓȈ — ǿȚȖ
ȥȚȖ" ǵȖȊȣȍ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȐ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ" ǹȣȕ — ȝȖȏȧȐȕ Ȉ ȖȚȍȞ — șȓțȋȈ ǹȣȕ ȊȍȘȝȖȔ ȍȌȍȚ
Ȉ ȖȚȍȞ ȏȈ ȝȊȖșȚ ȐȠȈȒȈ ȓȖȊȐȚ Ǩ" ǹȓȍȏȈȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȠȒȈ Ǻȍȉȍ ȗȖȉȍȋȈȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȔȖȎ-
ȕȖǹȗȘȣȋȕțȓ ǨȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ șȏȈȌȐ
ǷȖȌȎȈȓ ȕȈ Ȗșȓȍ ǨȔȍȚ ȕȖȋȐ ȟȚȖȉ ȕȍ ȞȍȗȓȧȚȤ ȏȈ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ
©Ǩ ȊȍȌȤ Ȑ ȚȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ șȈȔ ȕȍ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȓșȧª — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ

79
ǰ ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ Ȗșȓȍ ȍȌȍȚ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖ ȍȝȈȓ Ȗȕ ǪșȚȘȍȚȐȓ Ȋ ȟȍȘȟȈȜȍ șȚȈȘțȝț ȕȈ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȍ ǲȘȐȊȈȧ
Ȋșȧ ȋȖȘȉȈȚȈȧ ǹȖȊșȍȔ ȒȈȒ șȚȈȘȈȧ ȋȘțȠȈ Ȋ ȗȖȓȍ ǯȈȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ
— Ǫ ǨȓȓȈȝȈ ȕȍ ȊȍȘțȍȠȤ" ǹȈȔȖȔț Țȍȉȍ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ țȔȐȘȈȚȤ șȒȖȘȖ ǹȔȖȚȘȐ șȣȕ
ș ȕȖȋ șȉȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ǷóȚȖȔ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊȣȍȓȖ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒț
ǹȖșȒȖȟȐȓ ǨȔȍȚ ȕȈȏȍȔȤ
— ǰ ȚȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȊȍȌȤ ǹȈȔ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ — ǷȖȌșȈȌȐȓ ǨȓȐ șȈȔ șȍȓ șȏȈȌȐ ǲȈȟ-
ȕțȓșȧ Ȗșȍȓ ǽȓȖȗȕțȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ țȠȈȔ ȝȊȖȘȖșȚȐȕȖȑ ǨȔȍȚ Ȑ ȗȖȗȓȍȓȐșȤ ȖȕȐ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
ǽȘȐȗȍȓ Ȗșȍȓ Ȑ ȠȈȚȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ȕȖȠȐ ǭȓȍ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȗȍȘȍȌȊȐȋȈȓ ǲ ȊȍȟȍȘț ȖșȚȈȕȖ-
ȊȐȓșȧ ǽȓȍșȚȈȓ-ȝȓȍșȚȈȓ ȝȊȖȘȖșȚȐȕȖȑ ǨȔȍȚ ȐȠȈȒȈ ǵȐ ȠȈȋț ȕȍ șȚțȗȐȓ ǶȗȧȚȤ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓ ǨȔȍȚ ȉȐȚȤ ȖșȓȈ ǴȖȚȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ ȝȘȐȗȍȓ ǹȖșȒȖȟȐȓ ǨȓȐ ǵȈȟȈȓ
ȚȧȕțȚȤ ȖșȓȈ ȏȈ țȠȐ ǵȍ ȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ ș ȔȍșȚȈ ǯȈȋȐȒȈȓ ǨȔȍȚ ǲțȓȈȒȖȔ ȗȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȐȠȈ-
ȒȈ ȉȤȍȚ ǹȚȖȐȚ Ȗșȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȊȒȖȗȈȕȕȣȑ ǹȗȘȣȋȕțȓ ǨȔȍȚ ǹȏȈȌȐ ȗȈȓȒȖȑ ȚȣȟȍȚ ǯȈ-
ȘȍȊȍȓ Ȗșȍȓ Ȑ Ƞȓȍȗȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋț
ǬțȔȈȓ-ȌțȔȈȓ ǨȔȍȚ ǿȚȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ" Ǫȍȓȍȓ ǨȓȐ Ȋ ȓȍșț ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȗȈȓȒț
șȘȍȏȈȚȤ ǷȖȌșțȕțȓ ȍȍ Ȗșȓț ȗȖȌ ȉȘȦȝȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȓ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȕȈȒȘȍȗȒȖ
ǷȖȗȓȍȊȈȓ ȕȈ ȘțȒȐ
— ǵț ǨȓȐ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȑ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȖ
ǷȖȕȈȚțȎȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖȒȘȧȝȚȍȓȐ ǷȖȌȕȧȓȐ ȖșȓȈ Ȑ ȗȖȕȍșȓȐ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȋ ȅșȒȐ-ȠȍȐȘ.
Ǩ ț ȐȠȈȒȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȦȕȈ ȚȍȟȍȚ ȌȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȔȖȚȈȍȚșȧ
ǯȈȔțȟȐȓȐșȤ ȖȉȈ
— ǭȡȍ ȗȧȚȤȌȍșȧȚ ȓȍȚ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȉțȌț ȒȖȗȈȚȤ Ȉ ȖșȓȈ Ȑ ȕȈ ȚȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȗȘȖȠț
— Ȓȓȧȓșȧ ǨȔȍȚ
ǳțȕȈ ȊȏȖȠȓȈ țȎȍ Ǩ Ȋșȍ ȕȍșțȚ ǨȔȍȚ Ȑ ǨȓȐ șȊȖȦ ȕȖȠț ǶȚ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȐ șȗȖȚȣ-
ȒȈȦȚșȧ ǻȘȖȕȐȓȐ ȖșȓȈ ǷȖȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ǶȚȌȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ǪȏȊȈȓȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȐ
ǶȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȕȍșȓȐ
ȀȓȐ-ȠȓȐ Ȓ ȗȖȓȕȖȟȐ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ Ǩ ȊȖȘȖȚȈ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ țȎȍ ȏȈȗȍȘȚȣ ǸȈșșȍȘȌȐȓ-
șȧ ǨȔȍȚ Ȑ ȗȓȦȕțȓ
— Ǩ ȟȚȖȉ Țȣ ȗȖȌȖȝ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȑ ǩȘȖșȈȑ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋț
ǯȓȖȑ ȉȣȓ ǨȔȍȚ ǷȖȌȉȍȎȈȓ Ȓ Ȗșȓț Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȉȐȚȤ șȈȗȖȋȖȔ ȗȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ǹȔȖȚ-
ȘȐȚ Ȉ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȧȏȣȒ ȊȣșțȕțȚ ǰ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȒȈȒ șȚȍȒȓȖ ǳțȕȈ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȍȚșȧ
— ǰȏȌȖȝ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȑ ǷȧȚȤȌȍșȧȚ ȓȍȚ ȕȈ Țȍȉȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ǷȘȈȊȌț șȒȈȏȈȓ ȆșțȜ
— ȉȘȖșȐȚȤ Țȍȉȧ ȕȈȌȖ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȧ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȑ"
ǶȚȚȧȕțȓȐ ǨȔȍȚ Ȑ ǨȓȐ ȗȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȖșȓȈ Ȓ șȒȈȓȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȠȒțȘț șȕȧȚȤ Ǩ
ȗȖșȓȍ ȘȍȠȐȓ
— ǵȍȚ ǮȐȚȤ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȌȈȌțȚ ȊȖȊșȍ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ
ǷȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ șȣȕț ȊȏȧȚȤ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȈȓȒȐ țȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ǸȈșȒȈȟȈȓȐ ȌȖȝȓȧ-
ȚȐȕț Ȑ ș ȖȉȘȣȊȈ Ȋ ǷțȘșȈȒ ȠȊȣȘȕțȓȐ
ǨȊȖșȤ, ȘȍȒȈ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȎȍȚ

ǺȈȒ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ Ȗȉ Ȗșȓȍ ȖȚȞȍ Ȑ șȣȕȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ǵȈșȚȘȈȌȐȕ-ȝȖȌȎȈ
ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȓȐ ȕȍȚ — ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ǬȈȊȕȖ țȔȍȘ șȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȝȖȌȎȈ
Ǩ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ ȕȍ șȗȘȖșȐȠȤ

ǽǾǳǲǰǼǲǶȀǳǹȊ
ǿǼǯǮȅǳǿȀǰǮ

82
Ǫ țȍȏȌȍ ȋȌȍ ȧ ȘȖȌȐȓșȧ țȍȏȌȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȍ șȓȈȊȐȓșȧ ȕȐ țȘȖȎȈȑȕȖșȚȤȦ ȗȖ-
ȓȍȑ ȕȐ ȚȈȓȈȕȚȈȔȐ ȗȖȔȍȡȐȒȖȊ ȗȘȍȌȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȤ ȌȊȖȘȧȕșȚȊȈ ȗȖ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȐ ȇȏȣ-
ȒȐȕ ȕȖșȐȓ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȍȋȖ ȏȊȈȕȐȦ ȔțȕȌȐȘ ȜțȘȈȎȒț ș ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȖȒȖȓȣȠȍȔ
Ȑ ȖȒȓȈȌȐșȚțȦ ȉȖȘȖȌț ȗȖȌȘȈȎȈȊȠțȦ ȉȖȘȖȌȍ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȈ ,,, ǬȊȍ
șȊȈȘȓȐȊȣȝ Ȕțȏȣ ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȓȧȓȐ ȇȏȣȒȐȕȈ șȓȍȗȈȧ ȋȓțȗȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȕȈȌțȚȈȧ șȗȍșȤ ǵȍ-
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ șțȎȌȍȕȐȑ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓȐșȤ ȐȔ ȟȈȡȍ ȟȍȔ țȚȘȍȕȕȧȧ Ȑ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȧȧ ȔȖ-
ȓȐȚȊȣ
ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ șȖȉȘȈȓ ȐȏȘȍȟȍȕȐȑ ȋȓțȗȞȖȊ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ Ȑȝ ȌȘȍȊȕȖșȚȤ Ȉ
ȗȖȌȟȈș ȏȈȉȈȊȕțȦ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ǭșȓȐ ȉȖȋȖșȓȖȊȣ șȗȖȘȐȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȒȈȒȖ-
ȋȖ ȗȖȓȈ Ȉȕȋȍȓȣ ȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȤ ȌȊȖȘȧȕșȚȊȈ ȇȏȣȒȐȕ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȕȧȚ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȔ Ȗ ȕȈ-
ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȐ ȝȓȍȉȖȗȈȠȞȈ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ
— ǴțȎȐȒȈȔ ȋȘȈȔȖȚȈ ȊȘȍȌȕȈ — ȐȏȘȍȒȈȓ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȓȦȉȧ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȧ ȒȘȍ-
șȚȤȧȕ — ǲȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ șȍȧȚȤ ȝȓȍȉ ȍșȓȐ Ȑȝ ȗțșȚȧȚ Ȋ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȣ" — ǰ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖș
ȋȘȍȔȍȓ ȒȈȒ țȋȘȖȏȈ ȗȘȖȘȖȒȈ — ǵȈȏȓȖ șȓȦȕȚȧȧȔ ȧ ȗȘȖȎȐȊț ȍȡȍ șȚȖ ȓȍȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ
țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȒȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȈȝȈȚȤ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ
ǯȊȈȕȐȍȔ șȊȖȐȔ ȒȐȟȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȉȍȏȔȍȘȕȖ ǵȖ ȕȍȚ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȉȍȏ ȐȏȢȧȕȈ ǩȍȌȈ ȉȣȓȈ
Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȔ țȍȏȌȍ șȖȏȌȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȍȓȖȊȒȈȧ ȘȈȏȌȊȖȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȕȍȔ
ȐȔȍȓșȧ ȍȡȍ ©ǷȘȍȌȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȤ șȖȉȈȟȍșȚȊȈª ǹțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȧȊȓȧȓȖșȤ
ȕȍȏȈȎȐȊȈȦȡȍȑ ȘȈȕȖȑ ȋȖȘȤȒȖȑ ȖȉȐȌȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ǲȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐȕȣȝ ȏȈȝȖȌȐ-
ȓȈ ȘȍȟȤ Ȗ ȗȘȍȌȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȍ ȏȈȟȈșȚțȦ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓȈșȤ ȐȏȕȖȠȍȕȕȈȧ ȠțȚȒȈ ©ǲȖȚȖȘȣȑ"
ǷȘȍȌȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȤ ȌȊȖȘȧȕșȚȊȈ ȐȓȐ șȖȉȈȟȍșȚȊȈ"ª
ȇȏȣȒȐȕ ȉȣȓ ȓȐȞȖ șȖșȓȖȊȕȖȍ Ȑ ȌȖȓȎȕȖșȚȕȖȍ
— ǪȖ Ȕȕȍ — țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȓ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ — ȖȚȘȈȎȈȦȚșȧ ȓțȟȐ ȈȓȔȈȏȖȊ șȒȐȗȍȚȘȈ Ȑ
ȒȖȘȖȕȣ ȞȈȘȍȑ șȈȔȖȌȍȘȎȈȊȕȣȝ
ǷȘȍȌȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȤ Ȏȍ șȖȉȈȟȍșȚȊȈ ȉȣȓ țȔȐȘȈȊȠȐȑ ȖȚȋȖȓȖșȖȒ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȟȤȍȋȖ Țȣșȧ-
ȟȍȓȍȚȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȚȈ Ǫ ȕȍȔ ȍȡȍ Țȓȍȓ ȗȍȗȍȓ ȋțȓȤȉȣ Ȑ ȚȘȐȏȕȣ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȝ ȒȖȟȍȊȕȐȒȖȊ
ǯȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ — ǩȍȏȘțȒȐȑ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȟȍȘȚȖȗȖȓȖȝ ȕȈ ȔȍȎȍ ȌȊțȝ ȗȖȓȍȑ ȌȊțȝ ȔȐȘȖȊ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ Ȋ ȘȖȌț Ȗȕ ȉȍȏȊȣȍȏȌȕȖ ȎȐȓ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȏȈȗțȡȍȕȕȖȑ țșȈȌȤȉȍ ȟțȎȌȈȓșȧ
ȓȦȌȍȑ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȏȈȊȐșȐȔ ǷȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȟȐȚȈȓ Ȑ ȗȐșȈȓ ȕȖ Ȗ ȟȍȔ — ȚȖȓȒȐ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȘȈȏȕȖȘȍȟȐȊȣ
ǷșȈȘȕȧ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȒȖȊ ȌȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ șȓȈȊȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȊșȦ șȚȘȈȕț ǩȖȘ-
ȏȣȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȋȖȊȍȑȕȖ ȗȘȍȗȖȌȕȍșȍȕȕȣȍ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȈȡțȘȖȔ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȘȐȞȍ ǭȓȐȏȈȊȍȚȍ șȚȘȈ-
șȚȕȖȑ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȞȍ ȕȖ ȓȍȕȐȊȖȑ ȒȈȒ șȚȍȗȕȈȧ ȘȍȒȈ ȕȍ ȐȏȋȓȈȌȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ țȍȏȌȈ
ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȔȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǷȖȒțȗȈȚȤ ȗȖȘȖȌȐșȚȣȝ ȡȍȕȒȖȊ ȗȘȐȍȏȎȈȓȐ Ȓ ©ǷȘȍȌȊȖȌȐȚȍ-
ȓȦ șȖȉȈȟȍșȚȊȈª ȌȈȎȍ Ȑȏ ǹȐȉȐȘȐ ǲȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȗȖȓȤșȒȐȑ ȔȈȋȕȈȚ ȗȖȌȕȧȊȠȐȑ ȊȖ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ȌȍȓȖȊȖȋȖ ȊȐȏȐȚȈ ȕȈȋȈȑȒț ȕȈ ȓȦȉȐȔȞȈ ǩȍȏȘțȒȖȋȖ ȊȖȓȒȖȌȈȊȈ ǨȚȚȐȓț ȕȈșȓț-
ȠȈȊȠȐșȤ ȘțȋȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȣȝ ȒȖȕȦȝȈ ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȖ țȒȈȚȐȓ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȑ
ȚȘȖȑȒȍ Ȓ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ-ȋțȉȍȘȕȈȚȖȘț ș ȎȈȓȖȉȖȑ ǺȐȚțȓȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ ȓȐȞȍȔȍȘ
Ȑ șȊȍȚșȒȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȓ ȖȉȐȎȍȕȕȖȔț șȊȖȍ șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȍ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȚȍȘ ȓȖȉ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȌȈȓ ȌȘțȎȍșȒȐȑ șȖȊȍȚ ȕȍ ȉȘȈȚȤ ș șȖȉȖȦ Ȋ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȕȈȋȈȑȒȐ
ǮȐȊȈȧ șȓȈȊȈ ǩȍȏȘțȒȖȋȖ ȠțȔȍȊȠȈȧ Ȋ ȚȖȓȒȈȝ ȗȖȔȍȡȐȟȤȐȝ ȗȐȘțȠȍȒ ȕȈ ȒȖȕ-
șȒȐȝ ȧȘȔȈȘȒȈȝ Ȋ ȉȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȊȐȕȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȚȘȈȒȚȐȘȖȊ Ȋ ȖȜȐȞȍȘșȒȐȝ ȗȖȓ-
ȒȖȊȣȝ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧȝ — ȥȚȈ șȓȈȊȈ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ țȔȐȘȈȚȤ ǸȈȏȔȈȝ ȒȘȣȓȤȍȊ șȓȈȊȣ
ȎȐȊȖȑ ȊȖȓȕțȦȡȍȑ ȚȖȓȗț șȊȖȍȑ ȗȘȈȊȌȐȊȖȑ ȖȉȣȌȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ȠȐȘȍ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȟȍ ȕȍ-
ȎȍȓȐ ȘȈȏȔȈȝ șȓȈȊȣ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȕȣȝ ȋȍȕȐȍȊ ǶȕȈ ȥȚȈ ȎȐȊȈȧ șȓȈȊȈ ȉȍșȒȖȘȣșȚȕȈ Ȑ

83
ȖȉȘȣȊȈȍȚ șȊȖȑ ȗȖȓȍȚ ȊȔȍșȚȍ șȖ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ ȓȦȉȐȔȞȈ ȚȍȒțȡȍȋȖ Ȍȕȧ
ǮȐȏȕȤ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȊȖȠȓȈ Ȋ ȐȕȖȍ ȘțșȓȖ ǩȍȏȘțȒȐȑ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ȍȍ ȕȖȊȖ-
ȋȖ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȧ ǭȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȚȤ
ǹȚȍȗȕȖȑ ȗȖȔȍȡȐȒ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȑ ȒȈȒ ȒȖȘȠțȕ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓ ȔȖȍ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȇ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȡȍȚȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȖȑ Ȑ ȉȍșșȘȖȟȕȖȑ ȋȖșȚȤȍȑ ǯȈ-
ȔȍȕȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȔȍȘȚȤ
ȁȍȕȒȐ ȝȐȘȍȓȐ Ȑȝ ȕȍ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȖȘȔȐȚȤ ǶȝȖȚȈ ȊȣȘȖȎȌȈȓȈșȤ ǪȖȓȒȐ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȉȘȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ǨȏȐȦ ȘȈșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȍ ȓȖȒȖȔȖȚȐȊȈȔȐ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȝ ȌȖȘȖȋ Ȑ ȌȖȔȍȕȕȣȔȐ
ȗȍȟȈȔȐ ȋȖȘȍȊȠȐȔȐ ȕȣȕȍ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȒȖșȚȘȖȊ șțȘȖȊȣȝ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒȖȊ ǩȍȏȘțȒȐȑ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȎȐȓ șȊȖȑ ȊȍȒ ȖȗȖȏȌȈȊ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ țȔȍȘȍȚȤ
ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȋȈ ȧȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ǴȖȐ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȍȑ țȍȏȌȈ ȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȊȗțșȚȧȚ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȔ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȓ ȐșȚȖ-
ȘȐȐ ǵȖ ȗȖȕȖȔȈȘȤ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȍȋȖ șȍȓȈ ȏȈȔȍȕȧȊȠȐȑ Ȋ Țț ȌȈȓȤȕȦȦ ȗȖȘț ȕȍșțȡȍ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȊȠȐȍ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕȣȍ ȈȋȍȕȚșȚȊȈ ȋȖȘȌȐȊȠȐȑșȧ șȊȖȐȔ ȗȘȖȏȊȈȕȐȍȔ ©ǫȈȏȍȚȈª
ȗȐȚȈȊȠȐȑ ȉȍȏȊȖȏȔȍȏȌȕȖ ȖȒȘțȋț șȓțȝȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȖȊȖșȚȧȔȐ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȗȖ ȓȐ-
ȕȐȐ ȗȖȔȍȡȐȟȤȐȝ țșȈȌȤȉ ȟȚȖ ©ȗȘȍȌȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȤª ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȏȈȉȖȓȍȓ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȊȍșȚȤ
ȥȚț șȖȖȉȡȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ Ȗȕ Ȉ ȔȍȓȤȕȐȒ Ȉ ȔȍȓȤȕȐȒ țȏȕȈȓ ȍȍ ȖȚ ȒȖșȞȈ Ȉ ȒȖșȍȞ șȓȣ-
ȝȈȓ ȍȍ ȖȚ ȉȈȉȣ șȓțȎȐȊȠȍȑ ȗȈȕȐȝȐȌț ȗȖ ȘȍȉȍȕȒț țȔȍȘȠȍȔț ȖȚ șȒȈȘȓȈȚȐȕȣ
ǻșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ Ȑȏ ȌȊțȝ ©ȗȘȍȌȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȍȑª ȉȖȓȍȕ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ǵȖ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓ
ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȔȍȠȒȈȚȤ
©ǶȚȠțȔȍȊȠȈȧ șȓȈȊȈ — ȕȈȓȐȞȖ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ — șȔȍȘȚȤ«ª — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ șȍȉȍ ǰ Ȋȍ-
ȓȍȓ șȍȌȓȈȚȤ ȒȖȕȧ
ǴȖȑ ȖȚȍȞ ȗȖȔȍȡȐȒ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȖ ȗȓȖȝȖȑ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍ ș ǩȍȏ-
ȘțȒȐȔ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ©șȖȉȈȟȐȑ ȗȘȍȌȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȤª
ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ȔțȒț ȒȖȗȟȍȕȖȍ șȈȓȖ Ȑ ȟȈȑ ǶȚȍȞ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȌȈȚȤ ǩȍȏȘțȒȖȔț ȗȐșȤȔȖ ș ȗȘȐȊȍȚȖȔ Ȑ ȌȊȍ ȉțȚȣȓȒȐ șȚȈȘȖȑ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȍȑ ȊȐȠȕȍȊ-
ȒȐ
— ǻȗȖȔȧȕȐ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȐșȚȖȘȐȒ ȗȐȠȍȠȤ ȒȕȐȋț Ȗ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȔ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ țȍȏȌȈ ǨȊȖșȤ,
Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȔȍȚ Țȍȉȧ — ȕȈȗțȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚȍȞ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȧȧ ȗȖȌȗȘțȋț ȕȈ ȒȖȕȍ
ǹȚȍȗȕȣȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȣ ȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȒȘȈȧ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȔȖȍȑ ȦȕȖșȚȐ ȉȣȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȓȦȉȣ
ȍȡȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȈȓȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȎȐȓȤȧ ǳȦȌȐ Ȑ ȏȍȔȓȧ șȖȌȘțȎ-
ȕȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȑ ȔȍȘȍ ǷțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȖȚ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȗȖȔȍȡȐȟȤȍȑ țșȈȌȤȉȣ Ȓ
ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȖȚ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȍȓȈ Ȓ ȌȘțȋȖȔț ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ǵȖ Ȑ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋ Țț ȗȖ-
Șț ȚȍȒȓȖ ȐȕȈȟȍ ǮȐȏȕȤ ȠȓȈ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȠȐȘȖȒȈȧ ȘȍȒȈ ȋȌȍ ȕȍȚ ȕȐ ȗȖȘȖȋȖȊ
ȕȐ ȗȓȖȚȐȕ ǺțȘȉȐȕȈ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȕȈȔ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓȈ
ǴȍȌȊȧȕȣȔ ȏȈȗȈȝȖȔ ȗȖȓȍȊȣȝ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ Ȑ ȚȘȈȊ ȌȣȠȈȓ ȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ șȚȍȗȐ ǳȐȒțȦ-
ȡțȦ ȝȊȈȓț ȗȖȓȌȕȦ ȍȍ ȎȈȊȖȘȖȕȒȖȊ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȏȈȔȍȕȐȚȤ ȕȐ ȜȓȍȑȚȈ ȊȐȘȚțȖȏȈ ȕȐ
ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȓȖȘȈȚțȘȕȖȑ ȌȐȊȣ ǵȍ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȈȘȝȍȖȓȖȋȖȊ ȕȖ șȒȈȟțȡȈȧ
ȘȧȌȖȔ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȚȍȕȤ ȒȖȕȧ ȊȖșȒȘȍȠȈȓȈ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ ȗȖȓȟȐȡȈ ȒȖȟȍȊȕȐ-
ȒȖȊ ǨȏȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȣȚȈȗȚȣȊȈȧ ȥȚȐ șȚȍȗȐ ȌȖȒȈȚȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȌȖ șȚȍȕ șȘȍȌȕȍȊȍȒȖ-
ȊȖȋȖ ǷȈȘȐȎȈ ǹȒȐȜȣ ȋțȕȕȣ ȚȈȚȈȘȣ ȚȖȗȚȈȓȐ șȚȍȗȤ ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ șȚȖȓȍȚȐȑ ȟțȚȤ
ȓȐ ȕȍ Ȑȏ ȓȍȚȈ Ȋ ȓȍȚȖ ǹȊȐȘȍȗȣȑ ǨȚȚȐȓȈ ȉȈȝȊȈȓȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȉȍȋȖȊ
ȚȘȈȊȈ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȊȏȖȑȌȍȚ ǵȖ ȔȕȖȋȖȊȍȒȖȊȈȧ șȚȍȗȤ ȞȊȍȓȈ șȚȍȗȤ
ȕȍ țȔȐȘȈȓȈ ǪȍȚȍȘ Ȋșȍ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ ȚȣșȧȟȍȓȍȚȐȍ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȐȋȘȈȓ ȗȘȧȌȧȔȐ ȠȍȓȒȖ-
ȊȐșȚȖȋȖ ȒȖȊȣȓȧ Ȑ șțȓȚȈȕȈȔȐ șȐȕȍȋȖ ȠȈȓȜȍȧ ǷȈȘțșȈ ȖȉȓȈȒȖȊ ȊșȨ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȊȍȓȐ-

84
ȟȈȊȖ ȗȓȣȓȐ Ȋ ȖȒȍȈȕȍ ȉȍȏȔȍȘȕȖ ȊȣșȖȒȖȋȖ ȕȍȉȈ ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȍ ȘȍȌȒȐȍ ȒțȘ-
ȋȈȕȣ ȔȖȋȐȓȣ șȓȈȊȣ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȕȍȔȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȈȝ Ȑȝ ȋȍȘȖȍȊ șȚȈȊȠȐȝ ȗȍȘȊȖȕȈ-
ȟȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȋȓȐȕȖȑ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȟȚȖ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ țȍȏȌȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȧ
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȕȈȓ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȐșȈȚȤ — ȎȈȓȒȈȧ ȋȖȘșȚȤ ȒțȞȣȝ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ ȊȖș-
ȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȑ ǴȕȖȋȖȊȍȒȖȊȈȧ șȚȍȗȤ ȞȊȍȓȈ șȚȍȗȤ ȕȍ țȔȐȘȈȓȈ
ǻșȈȌȤȉȈ ǩȍȏȘțȒȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ ȌȖȓȐȕȍ ǺȘȐ ȗȍȘȍȒȈȚȈ ȋȖȘȉȈȚȣȝ ȝȖȓȔȖȊ ȖȒȘțȎȈ-
ȓȐ ȥȚȖȚ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȖșȚȘȖȊ ș ȊȣșȖȒȖșȚȊȖȓȣȔȐ ȚȖȗȖȓȧȔȐ Ȑ ȌȖȔȖȔ ș ȒȖȓȖȕȕȈȔȐ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȍȚȝȖȍ ȋȕȍȏȌȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖ ȘȈȏȖȘȧȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȚȖȓȒȈȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ
șȍȉȧ ȏȈȗțșȚȍȕȐȍ
ǷȖȒȖșȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ ș ȘțȉȞȈȔȐ țȕȣȓȖȋȖ ȒȐȘȗȐȟȈ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐ ȗȈȓȖȔ-
ȕȐȒȖȊ Ȋ ȘȈȏȌțȔȤȍ ȦȕȖșȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȚȈȓȈ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȐȍȔ ǳȍȗȕȣȍ ȈȓȓȍȋȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐȍ
ȜȐȋțȘȣ ȕȈ ȜȘȖȕȚȖȕȍ ȕȍ țșȚȖȧȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȔȍȚȍȓȧȔȐ Ȑ șțȝȖȊȍȍȔ șȚȍȗȍȑ ǬȐȈȕȈ
ȉȖȋȐȕȧ-ȌȍȊșȚȊȍȕȕȐȞȈ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȈ ȖȝȖȚȣ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȈ ȘțȒț ȏȈ
șȚȘȍȓȖȦ Ȋ ȒȖȓȟȈȕȍ ȕȖ ț ȉȖȋȐȕȐ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ǫȐȘȓȧȕȌȣ ȋȐȗșȖȊȣȝ ȘȖȏ
ȌȈȊȕȖ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȓȐ șȊȖȐ ȓȍȗȍșȚȒȐ ǶȉȓȐȞȖȊȒȈ șȚȍȕ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȍ ȘțȉȐ-
ȡȍ ǵȈȌ șȈȌȖȔ ȏȈȘȖșȠȐȔ ȌȐȒȐȔ ȝȔȍȓȍȔ ȒȘȈȗȐȊȖȑ Ȑ ȧȌȖȊȐȚȖȑ ȞȐȒțȚȖȑ ȒȘț-
ȎȐȓȐșȤ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ ȧșȚȘȍȉȈ
ǶȒȕȈ șȓțȎȍȉȕȣȝ ȗȖșȚȘȖȍȒ ȒȘȣȚȣȝ șȖȓȖȔȖȦ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȒȖȓȖȟȍȕȣ ȌȖșȒȈȔȐ
Ǫ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȚȖȘȟȈȓȐ ȖȉȋȖȘȍȊȠȐȍ șȚȍȕȣ șȚȈȘȖȑ ȗșȈȘȕȐ ȗȈȔȧȚȕȐȒȈ șȓȈȊȣ ȘȖȌȈ
ǩȍȏȘțȒȐȝ
ǪȖ ȌȊȖȘȍ ȋȌȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȒȓțȔȉȣ ȞȊȍȓȐ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȌȐȟȈȊȠȐȍ ȔȈȓȤȊȣ Ȑ
ȒțșȚȣ ȠȐȗȖȊȕȐȒȈ ǶȌȐȕȖȒȈȧ ȗȈȘȈ ȖȊȍȞ ȊȣȡȐȗȣȊȈȓȈ ȚȘȈȊț ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȏȒȈȧ ȚȘȖ-
ȗȈ ȊȍȌȠȈȧ Ȓ ȌȖȔț țȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȍȡȍ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȎȐȊȍȚ
ǷȖȟțȧȊ Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȏȈȓȈȧȓȈ ȕȈȌȘȣȊȈȧșȤ șȖȉȈȒȈ ȇ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȓ ȒȖȕȧ ț ȗȖ-
ȒȖșȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȏȈȉȖȘȈ Ȑ ȕȈȋȘțȏȐȊ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȖ ȕȈȓȐȊȒț ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȒȘȣȓȤȞț
ǹțȝȖȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ șȚțȟȈȓ ȓȐșȚȈȔȐ ȏȈȘȎȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȎȍȓȍȏȈ ȏȈȔȍȕȧȊȠȐȔȐ ȘȈȏȉȐ-
Țȣȍ șȚȍȒȓȈ Ȋ ȌȊțȝ ȖȒȕȈȝ ǵȐȏȒȈȧ ȌțȉȖȊȈȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȋ șȍȕȧȝ Ȋșȧ Ȋ ȚȘȍȡȐȕȈȝ ȉȣȓȈ
ȖȚȗȍȘȚȈ ǵȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ ȓȍȎȈȓ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȊȖȓȒȖȌȈȊ
— ǨȚȚȐȓȈ — ȖȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȧ ȊȐȕȖȊȕȐȒȈ ȐȏȋȕȈȕȐȧ ȗȖȓȤșȒȖȋȖ ȔȈȋȕȈȚȈ ȇ ȕȍ șȖȔ-
ȕȍȊȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ Ȗȕ
ǺȧȎȍȓȖ ȌȣȠȈ ǨȚȚȐȓȈ țșȚȈȓȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ș ȚȖșȒȖȦ
ȉȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ țȌțȠȤȍȔ ǪȖȓȒȖȌȈȊ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ ǯȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȓȐ Ȗȕ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȘȖȉȖȒ ȕȍțȊȍ-
Șȍȕ Ȋ șȍȉȍ" ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ǵȖ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȊ Ȗȕ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȕȕȍ șȊȖȐ ȌțȔȣ
©ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ǬȍȓȖ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȕȍ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ǶȕȈ — țȚȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȈ ȚȐȝȈȧ
ȔȐȘȕȈȧ ȌȘȍȔȈ ȉȍȏ ȋȘȍȏ ȅȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȕȈȌ ȕȍȌțȋȈȔȐª
ǰ Ȗȕ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȈ ȓȈȗȣ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȍ șȖșȚȧȏȈȚȤșȧ ș
ȊȍȚȘȖȔ șȚȍȗȍȑ
ǹȖȉȈȟȤȦ ȘȍȟȤ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ țȓȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȚ ǷȖșȚȐȟȤ ȍȍ ȕȍȓȍȋȒȖ ǷȖȓțȕȍȔȖȑ
ȧȏȣȒ șȖȉȈȒ Ȋ ǨȒȈȌȍȔȐȧȝ ȕȈțȒ ȕȍ ȐȏțȟȈȦȚ ǻșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ șȖȉȈȟȤȦ ȋȘȈȔȖȚț ȉȍȏ-
ȕȈȌȍȎȕȖ ǯȊțȒȖȊȖȑ Ȏȍ șȖșȚȈȊ ȍȍ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȐșȒțȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȓțȝȈ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕȣȔ.
ǵȖ ȊȐȕȈ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȍ Ȋ șȖȉȈȒȍ Ȉ Ȋ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȍ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȘȍȕȍȉȘȍȋ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȤ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȌȈȘ
ȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ șȖȉȈȟȤȍȑ ȘȍȟȐ ȒȈȒ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȚȘȈȚȐȓ Ȗȕ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ Ȑ ȕȦȝ ǪȔȍșȚȍ ș
ȚȍȔ ȘȍȟȤ ȥȚȈ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ǵȈȉȓȦȌȈȧ ȔȐȔȐȒț șȖȉȈȒȐ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏ ȐȋȘț
ȍȍ ȝȊȖșȚȈ ȍȍ ȚȍȓȖȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȈȧ ȗȘȐșțȡȐȍ ȍȑ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȍ ȕȍȟȓȍȕȖ-

85
ȘȈȏȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȏȊțȒȐ ȊȒȓȦȟȈȧ ȓȈȑ ȊȖȑ ȘȣȟȈȕȐȍ ȊȏȌȖȝȐ ȊȏȊȣȊȈȕȐȧ — ȗțȚȍȔ ȌȖȓ-
ȋȖȋȖ ȖȗȣȚȈ ȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȧ Ȉ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ ȟțȚȒȖșȚȐ șȖȉȈȟȤȦ ȘȍȟȤ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȕȈȟȈȚȤ ȗȖȕȐ-
ȔȈȚȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȋȖȌ ǻȗȘȈȎȕȧȧșȤ ȌȖȊȍȘȧȧ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ țȚȘȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈȔȐ ȌȈȘ ȊȖșșȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȐȔ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȘȐ ȋȖȌȈ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȚȤ ș șȖȉȈȒȈȔȐ
ǩȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȖȠȐȉȖȟȕȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ șȖȉȈȒȐ ȔȖȋțȚ ȉȍșȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗ
ȗȓȖȚȕȖȔ ȖȉȍȌȍ șȊȖȐȝ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȣȝ ȗȖȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȧȝ Ȑ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȟȤȐȝ ȋȍȘȖȑșȚȊȈȝ ǴȣȠ-
ȓȍȕȐȍ șȖȉȈȒȐ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȕȖ ǹȖȉȈȒȈ șȗȖșȖȉȕȈ ȘȈșșțȎȌȈȚȤ Ȗȉ ȥșȚȍȚȐȒȍ Ȗ ȗȘȐȔȍ-
ȘȈȝ șȖȉȈȟȤȍȑ ȊȏȈȐȔȕȖșȚȐ Ȗ ȚȡȍȚȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ Ȗ ȊȖȗȘȖ-
șȈȝ ȔȐȘȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ
ǰȏțȟȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȉțȌțȡȍȔ ȌțȝȖȊȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȖȚȒȘȖȍȚ Ȑ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȚ
ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȐȠț șȍȑȟȈș ȅȚȖ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȕȍ șȖȉȈȒȐ ȕȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȋ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȐ șȖ-
ȉȈȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ ȊȣȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ ǻȟȐȚȍșȤ șȖȉȈȟȤȍȔț ȧȏȣȒț Ȗȕ
șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ
Ǫ ȘȈȏȌțȔȤȍ ȧ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȕȈ ǨȚȚȐȓț ǪȌȘțȋ ȧ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȟȤȐ-ȚȖ ȠȈȋȐ ǹȚȈ-
Șȣȑ șȓțȋȈ ș ȉȈȒȍȕȉȈȘȌȈȔȐ Ȋ ȓȐȊȘȍȑȕȖȔ ȐȏȕȖȠȍȕȕȖȔ ȒȈȜȚȈȕȍ ȕȖ Ȋ ȕȖȟȕȣȝ
ȚțȜȓȧȝ ȐșȗȣȚțȦȡȐȔ ȊȏȖȘȖȔ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȊȍȘȝ ȖȟȒȖȊ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȓ
ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈ ȉțȚȣȓȒȐ ȊȐȠȕȍȊȒȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȓț
— ǬȖȓȖȎȐȚȍ ȉȈȘȐȕț — ȕȈȟȈȓ ȧ — ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒ — ȇ ȕȈ-
ȏȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ — ǪȖȚ ȗȐșȤȔȖ Ȉ ȚȈȔ ȗȖȌȈȘȖȒ ȕȈȓȐȊȒȈ ǪȍȌȤ șȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȉȈȘȐȕ ȉȖ-
ȓȍȕ ǺȧȎȍȓȖ"
ǹȓțȋȈ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ șȍȌȣȍ ȔȖȝȕȈȚȣȍ ȉȘȖȊȐ
— ǰȝ ȔȐȓȖșȚȤ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ ȏȌȘȈȊȐȐ ǶȕȐ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ȗȐȠțȚ-ș ǰȏ-
ȊȖȓȤȚȍ ȖȉȖȎȌȈȚȤ
ȇ ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȍșȚȤ ȗȖȕȖȔȈȘȧ ȖȚȕȖșȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȗȘȍȌȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȦ
ș ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘșȒȖȑ ȉȖȘȖȌȖȑ
ǪȖȑȌȧ Ȋ șȚȖȓȖȊțȦ ȗȖșȒȘȐȗȣȊȈȧ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȞȈȔȐ ȧ șȚȈȓ ȘȈșȝȈȎȐȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȏȕȈȒȖ-
ȔȐȚȤșȧ ș ȍȍ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȖȑ ǭșȓȐ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȕȐȏȒȖȑ ȕȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȌȓȐȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȏȈȓȍ Ȑ ȉȣȊȈȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȚȘȈȗȍȏȣ Ȑ ȏȈșȚȖȓȤȕȣȍ ȘȍȟȐ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȍ ȏȌȘȈȊȐȞȣ ȋȖ-
ȘȧȟȐȍ șȗȖȘȣ Ȗ șȖȉȈȒȈȝ Ȑ ȖȝȖȚȍ ȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȈȊȕȖ ǶȟȍȕȤ ȌȈȊȕȖ
ǶȡțȡȍȕȐȍ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȋȖ șȕȈ Ȑ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ șȕȍ ȗȖȘȖȎȌȈȓȈ ȥȚȈ ȏȈȓȈ.
ȇ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȓ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȍ ȔȕȖȋȐȔ ǲȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȓȈ șțȡȍșȚ-
ȊțȍȚ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ șțȡȍșȚȊțȦ ȟȚȖ ȧȊȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȐȝȐȑ șȖȕ ȚȖȚ șȖȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖșȍȡȈȍȚ
ȕȈș ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȍȌȒȖ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȉȖȌȘșȚȊțȍȔ
ǬȈȎȍ ȓȦșȚȘȈ șȖ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȗȖȌȊȍșȒȈȔȐ Ȉ Ȋ ȕȍȑ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȑ șȊȍȟȐ ȗȖȚțșȒȕȍȊȠȈȧ ȏȈȌȍȘȕțȚȈȧ ȗȈțȚȐȕȖȑ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȐșȚȓȍȊȠȐȔ ȒȐșȍȑȕȣȔ
ȟȍȝȓȖȔ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȋȓȈ Ȕȕȍ șȘȈȏț ȗȘȐȑȚȐ Ȋ ȘȈȊȕȖȊȍșȐȍ ȐȔȍȕțȍȔȖȍ ȏȌȘȈȊȣȔ șȔȣ-
șȓȖȔ ǪȍȘȕȍȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ șȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȕȣȔ șȔȣșȓȖȔ ǰȉȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ
șȖȕ Ȋ ȧȊȐ ȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȍȊȈȍȚ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑ ȒȖșȕțȦ ȗȓȖȚȤ
ȇ țșȓȣȠȈȓ șȕȖȊȈ ȌȘȍȉȍȏȎȈȡȐȍ ȓȐșȚȣ ȎȍȓȍȏȈ Ȋ ȖȒȕȈȝ ǰ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕțȦ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ ȗȖșȚȐȋȈȚȤ șȒȘȣȚȣȑ șȔȣșȓ Ȋȍȡȍȑ Ȑ șȘȍ-
Ȍȣ ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȚȤ ȋȖȘȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȚȐȧ șȚȈȓȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȧȊȤȦ ȚȘȍȝ ȐȏȔȍȘȍȕȐȑ
ǩȍȏȘțȒȐȑ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȏȈ șȚȍȕȈȔȐ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȍȕ ȔȖȐȔ ȊȚȖȘȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȇ ȥȚȖ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȕȖ ȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖ ȎȌȈȓ ǻȎȍ ȊȝȖȌȧ Ȋ ȏȈȓț Ȉ Ȑȏ ȕȍȍ ȉȣȓ ȊȐȌȍȕ șȈȌ ȓȖȔȐȊ-
ȠȐȑșȧ ȊȖȓȕȈȔȐ ȎȈșȔȐȕȈ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȍȕȒȐ ȖȒȖȕ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȒȈȘȚȐȕ ǵȍȚ!
ȅȚȖ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȍȊȍȘȕȖ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ ȇ ȝȖȟț ȉȣȚȤ ȚȖȟȕȣȔ ȥȚȖ ȉȣ-

86
ȓȐ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȣ șȖȉȈȒ
ǷȖȘȚȘȍȚ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȖȦ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ Ȑ ȔȖȌȍȓȤ șȓȐȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ
ȟȐșȚȖșȍȘȌȍȟȕȖȑ ȉȍșȍȌȍ ȌȖȊȍȘȧȧ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȊȏȈȐȔȕȖ ȗȖȏȕȈȊȈȧ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ
ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ șȖȉȈȒ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȣȍ ȔȈșȓȧȕȣȔȐ ȒȘȈșȒȈȔȐ ȉȣȓȐ
ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȣ ȘȍȔȍșȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȍȡȍ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȕȣȔȐ ȎȐȊȖȗȐșȞȈȔȐ ȕȖ ș ȚȖȑ
ȋȘțȉȖȑ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ ȕȍȊȏȊȍȠȍȕȕȖȔț șȓȖȊț ȐȓȐ șȓțȟȈȑ-
ȕȖȔț ȎȍșȚț
ǬȊȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȈ ȉȖȘȏȣȝ ȊȣȌȍȓȧȓȐșȤ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȕȖȑ ȎȐ-
ȊȖȗȐșȤȦ ǰȝ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȚȊȖ ȌȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȐ ȌȊȍ ȊȍȡȐ ȗȐșȈȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȚȖȓȐȟ-
ȕȣȑ Ȑ ȗȘȐȚȖȔ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ ǵȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȝ ȗȖȏȖȓȖȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȘȈȔȈȝ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȔȍȌȕȣȍ ȌȖȡȍȟȒȐ ș ȊȣȋȘȈȊȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȒȓȐȟȒȈȔȐ șȖȉȈȒ
Ƕȉȍ ȉȖȘȏȣȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȣ Ȋ ȘȖșȚ ǶȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȔ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȐȍȔ
ȏȈȓȣ ǩȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȣȍ ȗȖȌȎȈȘȣȍ ȈȉȘȐșȣ șȖȉȈȒ Ȑ Ȑȝ țȏȒȐȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȍȓȐ Ȋȣ-
șȖȒȖȔȍȘȕȖ ǵȈ ȌȖȡȍȟȒȈȝ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȖȟȍșȚȤ ©ǪȐȚȧȏȤª - Ȑ ©ǩȖȧ-
Șȣȕȧª -1755).
ǳțȟȠȐȝ ȌȘțȎȍȒ Ȋ ȎȐȊȖȗȐșȐ ȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ
ǬȖȋȈȌȒȈ ȔȖȧ ȒȈȒ ȧ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ȗȖȏȎȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȍȘȕȈ ǷȖȓȖȚȕȈ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ
ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȝ ȉȖȘȏȣȝ ȗȖȌȈȘȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȍȘȕȖȗȖȌȌȈȕȕȣȔ ȗȘȍȌȒȖȔ ǩȍȏȘțȒȖȋȖ ȐȔȗȍ-
ȘȈȚȘȐȞȍ ǭȓȐȏȈȊȍȚȍ
ǷȖȘȚȘȍȚ ȗȈȘȣ ȋȖȕȟȐȝ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȋȘțȉȖ ș ȖȠȐȉȒȈȔȐ Ȋ ȗȘȖȗȖȘȞȐȧȝ, ȉȣȓ,
ȖȌȕȈȒȖ, ȊȍșȍȓȖȑ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȖșȚȤȦ ȊȣȝȖȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȈȌȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȉȖȘȏȣȔ ǳțȒȈ-
ȊȖȍ ȊȖȘȖȊșȒȖȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȋȓȈȏ ȥȚȐȝ șȖȉȈȒ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓȖ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȒȓȐȟȒȈȔ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȍȋȍȘȍȔ-ȗȤȧȕȐȞȍȑ
©ǹȚȍȘȊȈª  — ȌȈȚȈ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȍȕȈ ȊȖȗȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȏȕȈȒȖȔ
Ȑ ©ǷȖȌȓȍȞª - ȕȍ ȘȈȏ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȌȈȓȐ ȕȈȋȈȑȒț ȌȖȍȏȎȈȟȍȋȖ ȊȣȒȘȈ-
ȌȣȊȈȓȐ șȈȓȖ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȟȤȍȋȖ ȔȍȠȒȈ Ȑ ȕȍ șȚȘȈȌȈȧ ȕȐ ȕȍȊȘȈșȚȍȕȐȍȑ ȕȐ
ȉȍșșȖȕȕȐȞȍȑ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȅȚȈ șțȒȈ Ȑ ȒȖȉȍȓȤ ȖȓȐ-
ȞȍȚȊȖȘȧȓȐ șȈȔțȦ ȔȖȋțȟțȦ șȐȓț ȊșȍȓȍȕȕȖȑ — șȚȐȝȐȦ ȗȖȓȈ ȉȍȏ șȖȊȍșȚȐ Ȑ șȖȏȕȈ-
ȕȐȧ ȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ǽȘȐșȚȐȈȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȉȈȘȐȟȈȔȐ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȔțȎȐ-
ȒȐ Ȑ ȧȏȣȟȕȐȒȐ
ǸȣȎȐȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȗȍș ș ȖȚȚȍȕȒȈȔȐ șțȘȐȒȈ Ȑ Ȗȋȕȧ Ȋ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȠȍȘșȚȐ ȗȖȘȖȌț
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȉȣȓ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕ ȗȘȧȔȖȓȐȟȕȖ șȐȌȧȡȐȔ ȕȈ ȏȈȌ-
ȕȐȝ ȓȈȗȈȝ ǵȍțȔȖȓȐȔȖ șȊȐȘȍȗȈȧ Ȑ ȔȘȈȟȕȈȧ șȐȓȈ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȍ ȗȈ-
ȓȈȟȈ ȗȘȐȒȖȊȣȊȈȓȈ ȏȘȐȚȍȓȧ ǵȈ ȌȖȡȍȟȒȍ ȧ șȚȍȘ ș ȕȍȍ ȗȣȓȤ ȏȕȈȟȐȓȖșȤ ©ǩȐș-
ȔȈȘȒª — Ǩ ȊȕȐȏț ©ǸȈșȚȍȘȏȈȕ ȊȖȓȒȈȔȐ ț ǿȍȘȕȖȑ ȉȈȓȒȐª
ǺȘȐ șȍȘȣȍ ȖȊȟȈȘȒȐ ș ȔȖȝȕȈȚȣȔȐ ȋȘțȌȕȣȔȐ ȒȓȍȚȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȔȐ ȧȏȣȒȈ-
ȔȐ ȕȈȗȖȔȕȐȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋ șȚȍȗȧȝ țȍȏȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȗȈșȓȐșȤ ȉȍșȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȍ șȚȈȌȈ
ȖȊȍȞ ǵȈȏȊȈȕȐȧ ȖȊȟȈȘȖȒ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ ȕȖ Ȑ șȖȉȈȟȤȐ ǵȍȊȍȌȖȔȣȍ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȈȔ Ȑ ȔȖȘȈȓȐșȚȈȔ ©ǸȈșȗțȚȕȐȞȈª
(1886-
 ©ǪȖȓȖȒȐȚȈª - Ȑ ©ǵȍȌȖȚȘȖȋȈª Ȋ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ ȉȣȚȤ
țȗȖȌȖȉȓȍȕȣ ǼȘȐȕȍ ǳȖȊȍȓȈșț Ȑ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȍ ȌȍȊșȚȊȍȕȕȐȞ șȊ ǻȘșțȓȍ
ǹȍȘȣȑ ȗȖȑȕȚȍȘ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȗȖȌȗȈȓȐȕȈȝ țȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȏțȉȈȝ ȊȈȓȤȌȠȕȍ-
ȗȈ ȗȖ ȗȘȖȏȊȈȕȐȦ ©ǨȝȐȓȓª ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ șȖȉȈȟȤȍȑ ȋȈȓȍȘȍȐ ȇ țșȗȍȓ
ȍȡȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȗțȌȍȓȧ ©ǼȈțșȚȈª ǵȖ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ ȖșȔȖȚȘ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȕȖȋȖ șȖȉ-
ȘȈȕȐȧ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ǷȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ, Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ

87
ǹȓȈȉȖ ȏȈȏȊȍȕȍȓ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓȤȟȐȒ ǩȍȏȘțȒȐȑ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ șȓțȋț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȉȢȧ-
ȊȐȚȤ șȊȖȍ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȅȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȖ ǫȈȓȍȘȍȧ ȌȖșȚȖșȓȈȊȕȣȝ ȗșȖȊ ȔȖȋȓȈ
ȗȖȟȐȚȈȚȤșȧ ȟțȌȈȟȍșȚȊȖȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȊȍȎȌȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȍȘȚȖȗȘȈȝȈȔȐ ǭȍ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȍȞ Ȉ
ȖȚȟȈșȚȐ șȖȏȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȗȘȐȖȚȒȘȣȓ Ȕȕȍ ȌȖȚȖȓȍ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȣȑ ȔȐȘ ǵȖ ȒȓȦȟ ȖȚ ȊȝȖȌȈ
Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ ǩȍȏȘțȒȖȔ ȇ ȥȚȖ țȎȍ ȏȕȈȓ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț șȓțȋȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȕȈșȚȍȎȤ Ȗȉȍ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȒȐ ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȑ ș ȏȈȉȈȊȕȖȑ
ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș
— ǰȝ ǪȣșȖȒȖȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȍ ȗȘȖșȧȚ ȗȖȎȈȓȖȊȈȚȤ
ȇ ȖȎȐȌȈȓ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ǩȍȏȘțȒȖȋȖ ȚȘȖȜȍȐ ȖȝȖȚ ȘțȎȤȧ ȘȖȋȈȚȐȕȣ
ȟțȟȍȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȐșȗȖȒȖȕ ȊȍȒȖȊ ȚȍȠȐȚ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȖ ȍȔț ȒȈȒ ȏȈ-
șțȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȓȍȗȍșȚȒȐ ȜȓȍȘȌȖȘȈȕȎȈ ȉȍȏțȚȍȠȕȖȑ ȊȌȖȊȍ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ ȏȌȍșȤ
ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǲȖȔȕȈȚȈ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȈ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ țȟȍȕȖȋȖ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȧ
Ǫ ȚȘȍȝ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȟȕȣȝ ȠȒȈȜȈȝ Ȑȏ ȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ș ȉȘȖȕȏȖȊȣȔȐ țȒȘȈȠȍ-
ȕȐȧȔȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȚȖȔȖȊ Ȋ ȒȖȎȈȕȣȝ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚȈȝ ǵȈ șȚȖȓȍ
ȉȣȓȈ ȒȈȘȚȖȚȍȒȈ ǵȈ șȚȍȕȈȝ Ȏȍ ȊȐșȍȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȚȈȉȓȐȞȣ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȚ Șț-
ȒȐ ș ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȋȍȕȍȈȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞ ǸȖȌȖșȓȖȊȐȍ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ǩȍȏ-
ȘțȒȐȝ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȐȏțȟȈȚȤ ȐșȚȖȘȐȒȐ ǩȍȏȘțȒȖȋȖ ȖȕȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓȖ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȕȧȚ ȘȖ-
ȌȖșȓȖȊȕȣȔȐ șȖȉȈȒ
ǯȈ șȚȖȓȖȔ Ȋ ȊȍȕȋȍȘșȒȖȑ ȒțȘȚȒȍ ȗȖȌȉȐȚȖȑ ȔȍȝȖȔ Ȋ ȚȦȉȍȚȍȑȒȍ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ
șȐȌȍȓ ©ǷȘȍȌȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȤ șȖȉȈȟȍșȚȊȈª
©ǳȍȚȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȋȘȍȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȊȤ«ª — ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȈ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȔȣșȓȤ ǩȍȏȘțȒȐȑ ȗȖ-
ȊȍȘȕțȓ Ȋ ȔȖȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȋȖȓȖȊț ǰ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ Ȍȓȧ șȍȉȧ ȧ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȘȈș-
ȒȖșȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȔȖȕȋȖȓȈ
ǻ ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȘȈșȣ ȖșȖȉȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȖșȖȉȣȑ șȊȍȚ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȖșȖȉȈȧ ȐȋȘȈ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȌțȠȐ ǴȖȕȋȖȓȣ ȟȈșȚȖ ȊȐȌȧ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȧȚ Ȉ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȧ ȊȐȌȧȚ ǪȏȖȘ ȔȖȕȋȖȓȈ șȒȘȣ-
ȊȈȍȚ ȖȚ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȟțȎȍȏȍȔȞȈ ȖșȖȉȖ ǵȖ ȕȍȚ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȊȍȡȍȋȖ ȏȘȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȟȍȔ ȏȘȍȕȐȍ șȣȕȖȊ ȊȍȟȕȖȑ ǨȏȐȐ
ǷȖȒȓȖȕȐȊȠȐșȤ ȧ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ț ȗȖȘȖȋȈ ǩȍȏȘțȒȐȑ ȧȊȕȖ ȖȞȍȕȐȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ǰ ȔȖȓ-
ȟȈȓǺȘȐ ȐȏȔȍȘȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȐȓȐșȤ șȕȖȊȈ ȇ Ȑ ǩȍȏȘțȒȐȑ ȒȈȒ Ȕȕȍ
ȗȖȟțȌȐȓȖșȤ ȊȒȓȦȟȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȕȐȍ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ ǰ șȈȔȖȍ
ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖȍ ȟȚȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖșȍȕȐȓȖ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȕȐȓȖ ȔȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ
ȖȡțȚȐȓ ȊșȍȔ șȊȖȐȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ Ȑ țȋȈȌȈȓ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȊȖșȝȖȌȧ Ȓ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȗȖȏȈȉȣ-
ȚȣȔ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȣȔ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȒȈȔ ȧ ȚȖȎȍ șȣȕ ǨȏȐȐ ǵȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȕȈȊȈȎȌȍȕȐȍ
ȐșȟȍȏȓȖ
ǩȍȏȘțȒȐȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȔȖȓȟȈȚȤ ǶȒȐȕțȊ Ȕȍȕȧ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ș ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȌȖ
ȕȖȋ Ȗȕ Ȋȏȧȓ șȖ șȚȖȓȈ șȚȈȘȖȔȖȌȕȣȑ ȓȖȘȕȍȚ Ȋ ȟȍȘȍȗȈȝȖȊȖȑ ȖȗȘȈȊȍ Ȑ ȋȓȧȌȧ Ȕȕȍ
Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȓȐȠȤ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȏȈȝțȌȈȓȖȋȖ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȉȈȘȐȕȈ țșȚȈȓȖ Ƞȍ-
ȗȍȓȧȊȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— Ǻȣ ȊȏȈȗȘȈȊȌț ȐșȚȖȘȐȒ" ǰȓȐ — Ƕȕ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈ ȔȖȐ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȓȈȒȐ-
ȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ șȈȗȖȋȐ — ǰȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȣȑ ȡȍȋȖȓȤ" ǪȖȚ ȌȈ
Ƕȕ Ȋȏȧȓ șȖ șȚȖȓȈ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ
— ǺȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȖȚ ȌȈ șȖȋȓȈșȍȕ Ǩ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȔȖȎȍȠȤ șȍșȚȤ
ǭȋȖ ȘȍȟȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȚȘȣȊȐșȚȈ Ȗȕ ȒȖȔȒȈȓ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȇȏȣȒ ȍȋȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ șȗȖ-
ȚȣȒȈȓșȧ ǶȗțșȚȐȊ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǩȍȏȘțȒȐȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȓȖȘȕȍȚ ȕȈ șȚȖȓ Ȑ șȒȘȍșȚȐȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ

88
șȖȉȖȦ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ — șțȝȐȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ șȒȖȘȍȍ șȒȘȐȗȈȟȈ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒȈ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȊȣȘȈȡȐȊȈȓ ȡȍȕȒȖȊ șȓțȟȈȓ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȗȖȘȖȌȣ șȖȉȈȒ ȚȘȈȊȐȓ
ȊȖȓȒȖȊ Ȑ ȉȐȓ ȕȍȗȖȒȖȘȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȕȧ ȕȈȋȈȑȒȖȦ ȔȍȎ țȠȍȑ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ ǴȍȘȕȖ Ȑ ȗȓȈȊȕȖ ȘȈșȒȈȟȐȊȈȓșȧ ȐȋȘȈȊȠȐȑ ȔȍȌȤȦ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȒȈȚȈ ȔȈȧȚȕȐȒ ȈȔȗȐȘȕȣȝ șȚȖȧȟȐȝ ȟȈșȖȊ ǴȐȕțȚȕȈȧ șȚȘȍȓȒȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȗȉ-
ȔȈȕȣȊȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȉȍȎȈȓȈ Ȉ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ ǩȍȏȘțȒȐȑ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȏȈȉȣȓ ȖȉȖ
Ȕȕȍ ȀȍȊȍȓȧ ȉȍșȞȊȍȚȕȣȔȐ ȋțȉȈȔȐ Ȗȕ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȌțȔȈȔ
— ǰșȚȖȘȐȒ — Ƕȕ ȝȐȝȐȒȕțȓ — ȁȍȕȖȒ Ȉ ȕȍ ȐșȚȖȘȐȒ ǷȖȝȖȎ ȕȈ ȖȚȞȈ ǵȖ
Ȕȣ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȐ
ǵȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ Ȗȕ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ Ȑ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș
— ǭșȓȐ Țȣ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȠȤ șȖȉȈȒ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȐȊȈȑ ȊȖșȊȖȧșȐ ȇ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ șȖȉȈȟȐȑ
ȗȘȍȌȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȤ
ǹ țșȔȍȠȒȖȑ Ȗȕ țșȚȈȊȐȓșȧ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȍșȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǳțȒȈȊȐȚȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ
— ǰșȚȖȘȐȧ țȍȏȌȈ — ȗȘȍȌȓȖȋ ǰșȚȖȘȐȦ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȒȘȈȧ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȕȈȗȐ-
ȠȍȚ ǭȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Țȣșȧȟ ȓȍȚ ȇ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ Ȓ ȊȈȔ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ șȖȉȈȒ
ǩȍȏȘțȒȐȑ ȗȖȊȍȓ ȗȓȍȟȖȔ Ȋȏȧȓ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȑ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓȤȟȐȒ Ȑ ȗȖȏȊȖȕȐȓ ǵȍ ȗȖ-
ȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȓ șȓțȋȍ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǷȖȌȈȑ ȟȈȦ ǹ șȖȚȖȊȣȔ ȔȍȌȖȔ
ǻȌȈȟȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȈ ȧ șȕȐșȒȈȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȝȖȚȧ ȔȖȐ ȡȍȋȖȓȤ-
șȒȐȍ șȈȗȖȋȐ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ǩȍȏȘțȒȐȑ șȕȐșȝȖȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȋȓȧȌȧ
ȕȈ ȕȐȝ
— Ǻȣ ȕȍ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒ ȊȐȎț ǫțșȈȘșȒȐȍ șȈȗȖȋȐ ȕȖșȐȠȤ
ǷȘȖȎȐȓ ȧ Ȋ țșȈȌȤȉȍ ȌȊȖȍ șțȚȖȒ ǬȍȊȧȚȤ ȚȖȔȖȊ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȣȍ ǩȍȏȘțȒȐȔ șȖȉ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖȘțȟȕȖ șȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȖ ȏȈȗȐșȧȔ Ȑ șȖȉȈȟȤȐȔ ȈȘȝȐȊȈȔ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȒȖȊ ȧȊ-
ȓȧȓȐșȤ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȞȍȓȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ǫ ȕȐȝ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȖȝȖȚȣ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ Ȑ
Ȋ ǭȊȘȖȗȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȋȍȕȍȈȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȚȈȉȓȐȞȣ ȕȍ șȟȐȚȈȧ Țȍȝ ȟȚȖ ȊȐșȍȓȐ ȕȈ șȚȍ-
ȕȈȝ Ȋșȍȝ șȖȉȈȒ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȕȣȝ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȔȐ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȧȔȐ ǩȍȏȘțȒȐȝ ǫȖȌȣ ȘȖȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȘȖȌȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȣ Ǫ
ȥȚȖȔ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȊȈȓșȧ șȈȔ șȖȟȐȕȐȚȍȓȤ ǬȍȊȧȚȣȑ ȚȖȔ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȓ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȗȖȐȔȍȕȕȣȑ
șȗȐșȖȒ șȖȉȈȒ țȠȍȌȠȐȝ Ȋ ȊȍȟȕȖșȚȤ ș ȖȚȔȍȚȒȖȑ țȟȈșȚȐ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ǹțȌȤ-
ȉȣ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ șȖȉȈȒ ȉȣȓȐ șȒȈȏȖȟȕȣ ǹțȒȈ ©ǳȍȌȈª țȚȖȕțȓȈ Ȋ ȉȖȓȖȚȍ ȏȈȗțȚȈȊ-
ȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȧȝ Ȑ ȒȈȔȣȠȈȝ ȗȖȌ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤȦ ȖȉȓȍȗȐȊȠȐȝ ȍȍ ȗȐȧȊȖȒ
Ǫ  ȋȖȌț ȜȘȈȕȞțȏȣ Ȋ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȍ ȕȈȑȚȐ Ȋ țșȈȌȤȉȍ șȉȍȎȈȊȠȍȋȖ ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕȈ
șȢȍȓȐ  ȡȍȕȒȖȊ Ȑ șȖȎȋȓȐ șȚȈȘțȦ ȗșȈȘȕȦ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȧ ȗȘȐȔȍȚȐȓ ȊȢȍȏȎȈȧ Ȓ ǩȍȏ-
ȘțȒȖȔț ǰȏȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȓȈȊȕȖȋȖ șȓțȟȈȧ Ȑȏ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȑ ȈȘȔȐȐ Ȑ șȗȐ-
șȖȒ ȐȔȍȕ ȏȓȖȗȖȓțȟȕȣȝ ȡȍȕȒȖȊ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕțȦ ȋȓȈȊț ǩȍȏȘțȒȐȑ ȕȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȓ ȐșȟȍȏȕțȊȠȐȝ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȣȝ țȚȘȖȉȈȝ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏȖȊ ȡȍȕȧȚ ©ǵȍȗȖȘȖȟȕȣȔȐ ȎȍȘȚ-
ȊȈȔȐª Ǫ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȚȖȔȍ ȒȐȕȖȊȈȘȤȦ ș ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȗȐșȈȕȣ ȐȔȍȕȈ ȋȖȕȟȐȝ ǩȍȏȘț-
ȒȖȋȖ-ȖȚȞȈ șȚȈȐ șȖșȚȖȧȊȠȍȑ Ȑȏ șȖȘȖȒȈ șȖȉȈȒ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȕȣ
Ȋ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑ ȘȍȌȒȖȔ ȘȍȋȐșȚȘȍ ȅȚȈ ȖȉȘȈȏȞȖȊȈȧ șȊȖȘȈ ȚȘȈȊȐȓȈ ȊȖȓȒȖȊ Ȋ ȗȍȘ-
ȊȖȑ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȋȖ ȊȍȒȈ ȗȘȐ țȟȈșȚȐȐ ȥȘȞȋȍȘȞȖȋȈ ǨȊșȚȘȐȐ Ȑ ȍȗȐșȒȖȗȈ ǩț-
ȌȈȗȍȠȚȈ ȊȍȕȋȍȘȞȈ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȋȖ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȈ ǩȍȏȘțȒȐȝ

— ǫȖȓȖșȖȊ șȖȉȈȒ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȈȚȤ ȕȍ țȔȍȦȚ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ — ǵȍ ȚȖ
țȎȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǰ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚ șȖȉȈȟȤȍȋȖ ȧȏȣȒȈ Ǩ Ȗȕ ȊȍȌȤ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ
ǰ ǩȍȏȘțȒȐȑ ȐȏȓȖȎȐȓ Ȕȕȍ șȊȖȐ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȗ ȏȊțȒȖȊȖȑ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȍ șȖȉȈȟȤȍȑ ȘȍȟȐ
ǶȕȐ ȗȖȔȖȋȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȊȍȘȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ©ǷȘȍȌȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȤ șȖȉȈ-
ȟȍșȚȊȈª ȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȖșȚȐȋ ȕȖ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȧ ȓȐȠȤ șȔțȚȕȖ ȌȖȋȈȌȣȊȈȓșȧ ǷȘȖșȚȈȧ ȐșȚȐȕȈ Ȗ
ȧȏȣȒȍ șȖȉȈȒ ȉȣȓȈ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȚȘȈȟȍȕȈ ǷȖ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȐȦ ǩȍȏȘțȒȖȋȖ ȋțȕȕȣ ȖȚȔȍȕȕȖ
ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓȐ șȖȉȈȟȤȦ ȘȍȟȤ
— ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȧ Ȑȝ ȗȖȚȖȔȖȒ — ȏȈȒȓȦȟȐȓ Ȗȕ — ȧ
ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ șȖȉȈȒȐ ǵȖ — ȗȖȕȐȏȐȓ Ȗȕ ȋȖȓȖș — ȚȈȑȕȈȧ ȔțȌȘȖșȚȤ
șȚȘȈȠȕȈ Ǻȣ ȊȐȌȍȓ ǨȚȚȐȓț" — ȇ ȒȐȊȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ǩȍȏȘțȒȐȑ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȗȓȍȌ ȕȈ
ȏȧȉȕțȊȠȐȝ ȕȖȋȈȝ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȚȈȓ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ Ȋ ȔȖȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ
Ǵȣ șȕȖȊȈ ȊȒȓȦȟȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȊȍșȖȔȖȍ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ǨȏȐȐ Ȋȕȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȋȕȍ ȔȍșȚȈ Ƕȕ
ȚȐȝȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș
— Ǵȍȕȧ ȎȌȍȚ țȎȍ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȅȚȖ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ǨȚȚȐȓȈ ǵȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȕȍ Ȋ ȕȍȑ...
ǹȔȍȘȚȤ — țȚȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȈ șȓȈȌȖșȚȕȈȧ ȌȘȍȔȈ ȉȍȏ ȋȘȍȏ
Ǵȕȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȎțȚȒȖ ǩȍȏȘțȒȐȑ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓ șȓȣȠȈȕȕȣȍ țȎȍ ȔȕȖȦ ȔȣșȓȐ ǨȚȚȐ-
ȓȣ
— ǽțȎȍ ȌȘțȋȖȍ — ǰ Ȗȕ ȗȖȕȐȒ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ — ǷȖȎȈȘ ȖȋȖȕȤ ǶȚȒțȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐ-
ȌȍȚ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ǨȚȚȐȓȈ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ǵȖ ȊșȨ ȗȖȋȐȉȕȍȚ ǪșȨ
ǹȚȈȘȟȍșȒȈȧ ȘțȒȈ țȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȜȖȓȐȈȕȚȣ ȖȗȐșȈȓȈ ȒȘțȋ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ Ǫ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț
ȊȒȘȈȓȖșȤ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ ȖȕȖ ȗȖȓȏȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȚțȔȈȕ ǵȖ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȒȖȓȌȖȊșȒȖȑ ȒȘțȚ ȘȈș-
ȗȈȓșȧ
ǴȈȧȚȕȐȒ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȖȚșȟȐȚȣȊȈȓ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȊșȍȔ ȕȈȔ șȘȖȒȐ ǴȐȘȕȖ ȕȖ ȕȍ-
țȔȖȓȐȔȖ
©ǹȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȉȖȐȚșȧ ȟȈșȖȊª — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȧ
— ǪȖȏȤȔȐ ȍȡȍ ȔȍȌț — ȕȈșȚȖȧȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȒțȚȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȊȍȕȋȍȘȒț ȕȈ Ȕȍȝț ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȓȍȚȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȏȈȗțȡȍȕȕȖȔ șȈȌț ȞȊȍȓȐ șȚȈȘȣȍ ȓȐȗȣ — ǴȍȌ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ șȖȚȖȊȣȑ
ȖȟȐȡȈȍȚ ȒȘȖȊȤ
ǰ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȖ șȒȘȍșȚȐȓ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ — șțȝȐȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȗȖȎȍȓȚȍȊȠȐȍ ȒȈȒ
ȗȍȘȋȈȔȍȕȚ ǲȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȕȐȝ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȘȖȊȐ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȔȖȧ ȗȍȘȊȈȧ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ ș ǩȍȏȘțȒȐȔ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȋȖȌ ȏȈȘȍȊȈ ȕȖȟȕȣȝ ȗȖȎȈȘȖȊ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȖșȊȍȡȈȚȤ șȚȍȗȐ Ȑ ȓȍșȈ ǸȖșșȐȐ
ǴțȎȐȒȐ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȈȝȈȚȤ ȏȍȔȓȦ ǶȕȐ ȊȖșșȚȈȊȈȓȐ ǴțȎȐȒȐ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈ-
ȓȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȑȝ ȚȖȎȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȐ Ȋ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȣ ǰ ȖȕȐ Ȏȍ ȌȖȚȓȈ șȖȎȋȓȐ țșȈȌȤ-
ȉț ǩȍȏȘțȒȖȋȖ
Ǩ șȓȖȊȈ ǨȚȚȐȓȣ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȗȘȈȊȌȖȑ ȗȖȚȖȔȖȒ ȋțȕȕȖȊ țȔȍȘ ȏȈ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȌȖ
ȥȚȖȋȖ

ǽǼǲ ǺǹǳȅǻȉǺ
ǽȁȀǳǺ

91
ǻȋȓȍȒȖȗ ǪȈȞȓȈȊ ǸȣȉȈ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȧ ȎȐȓ Ȋ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȍ ȠȈȝȚȣ ©ǺȍȘȍȏȈª ȊșȍȋȌȈ
țȔșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ǲȈȒ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȟȍȝȐ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ, ȗȖȥȚȖȔț ȕȈȘȖȌ ȥȚȖȚ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȍȚ ȊșȍȔ ȒȘȖ-
Ȕȍ ȦȕȖșȚȐ
— ȇ — ș ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȤȦ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ǸȣȉȈ — ȟȍȝ țȗȘȧȔȣȑ ȟȍȝ ȇ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȔȖȦ ȘȖ-
ȌȐȕț ȕȖ ȕȍȚ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ ȝțȎȍ ȔȍșȚȈ ȟȍȔ ȕȈȠ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȅȚȖ — ȉȍșȖȊșȒȖȍ ȓȖȋȖȊȐȡȍ
ǳȦȉȖȊȤ Ȓ ȘȖȌȐȕȍ — șȊȧȚȈȧ șȐȓȈ ǵȖ ȕȈȠ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ
ǲȚȖ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ, ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ, ȗȖȓȦȉȐȚȤ ȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖșȍȓȖȒ ș șȖȚȕȧȔȐ
ȠȚȖȓȍȕ ȒȘțȚȣȔȐ ȕȈșȣȗȧȔȐ ȠȓȈȒȈ Ȑ șȚȍȓȦȡȐȔșȧ ȌȣȔȖȔ ȏȈȊȖȌșȒȐȝ ȚȘțȉ"
ǹȗȍȘȚȣȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȉȣȓ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕ ȏȓȖȊȖȕȕȖȑ șȍȘȖȑ Ȑ ȒȖȗȖȚȤȦ ǴțȚȕȈȧ ȗȍȓȍȕȈ ȕȈȌ
ȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ ȏȣȉȐȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȓȏțȡȐȑ țȌȈȊ ǰșȟȍȏȈȓȈ țȌțȠȓȐȊȈȧ ȏȈȊȍșȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȌ
ȗȓȍȚȤȦ șȍȊȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȊȍȚȘȈ
ǩțȘȣȑ țȋȖȓȤ ȌȖȉȣȊȈȓșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ȌȕȍȔ Ȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ ǰ ȌȕȍȔ Ȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ ȌȖ-
Ȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȍȟȐ ǪȣȘȣȊȈȊȠȐȍșȧ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȧȏȣȒȐ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȐ ȘȈșȒȈȟȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ ȒȘȈș-
ȕȣȍ ȜȓȈȋȐ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȍ Ȓ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȐȦ ǵȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȏȖȊț ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȓ
ǬȍȚȐ ȠȈȝȚȍȘȖȊ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȓȍȌȕȣ ȒȈȒ șȚȍȈȘȐȕ ǹȈȔȐ Ȏȍ țȋȓȍȒȖȗȣ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐ
ȟȍȘȕȖȒȖȎȐȝ ȕȈ ȒȈȚȖȘȋȍ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȉȍȓȒȈȝ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȈȓȈ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤ
ǻșȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȐ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȘȈȉȖȟȍȋȖ ȓȦȌȈ ǷȖȗȘȖȉțȑȚȍ ȊȖșȗȍȚȤ ȚȘțȌ ȗȖȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ
Ȉ ȕȈȌ ȕȍȦ ȗȖȓțȔȍȘȚȊȖȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ
ǶȕȖ șȊȍȚȐȓȖ Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȖ ȍȋȖ ȎȐȊȖȚȊȖȘȕțȦ șȐȓț ȖȚȘȈȊȓȧȓȈ țȋȖȓȤȕȈȧ ȗȣȓȤ
ǬȈ Ȑ ȏȍȔȓȧ ȚțȚ ȍȌȊȈ ȌȣȠȈȓȈ ǶȕȈ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȓȈșȤ
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȕȍȎȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȌȖȎȌȤ ȖșȊȍȎȈȓ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ǸȣȉȈ ȉȘȈȓ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȋȈȘȔȖȠȒț Ȑ
ȘȈșȗȍȊȈȓ ȟȈșȚțȠȒȐ Ǫ ȕȐȝ ȝȕȣȒȈȓȈ ȎȈȓȖȉȈ Ȑ ȋȖȘȍșȚȕȈȧ ȕȈșȔȍȠȒȈ ǵȖ șȓțȟȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȥȚȖ ȘȍȌȒȖ ǶȟȍȕȤ ȘȍȌȒȖ
Ǫ ȈȊȋțșȚȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȖșȍȓȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȍ ȏȈȟțȔȓȍȕȕȖȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȧȘȐȓȖșȤ ȖșȖ-
ȉȍȕȕȖ ǹ ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȌȕȍȔ ȖȕȖ ȖȏȓȖȉȓȧȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȚȍȘȏȈȓȖ ȕȍȔȐȓȖșȍȘȌȕȖ ǶȚ ȔțȚȕȖȑ ȏȈ-
ȘȐ ȌȖ ȔțȚȕȖȑ ȏȈȘȐ ǵȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȍ ȓțȟȐ ȕȍȗȘȍșȚȈȕȕȖ ȕȈȒȈȓȧȓȐ țȋȖȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȖȓȖȋ
ȕȈȌ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ ǲȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȊșȗȣȝȕȍȚ ȊȏȖȘȊȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȖȉȘțȠȐȚșȧ ȗȍ-
ȗȓȖȔ
ǵȖ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȌȊȐȎȐȔ ǯȍȔȓȧ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȓȈșȤ țȎȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ǵȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ȊȍȚȘȈ ǯȈȌȣȝȈȓȐșȤ ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ ȏȊȍȘȐ ǲȖȓȖȌȞȣ ț ȠȈȝȚ ȊȣșȖȝȓȐ Ǩ ȓȐșȚȤȧ ȕȈ ȚȘȍȝ
ȟȈȝȓȣȝ ȈȒȈȞȐȧȝ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȍ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȣ șȒȘȦȟȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ țȊȧȓȐ ǰȝ ȕȍȎȕȣȑ ȠȍȗȖȚ
țȔȖȓȒ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȈȧ șȒȈȏȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȖȏȋ
ǷȖȠȈȚȣȊȈȧșȤ ȖȚ ȐȏȕțȘȧȦȡȍȑ ȌțȝȖȚȣ Ȑ ȋȖȌȖȊ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ șȚȈȘțȝȐ ȉȘȍȓȐ ȒȈȧȚȤ-
șȧ șȕȖȊȈ Ȋ ȌȈȊȕȐȝ ȋȘȍȝȈȝ Ȋ ȒȖșȚȍȓ ǶȕȐ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȒȖȕȞț ȔȐȘȈ ǵȖ ȐșȗȖȊȍȌ-
ȕȐȒ Ȑȝ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ șȓțȠȈȓ ȚȖȘȖȗȧșȤ ȗȖșȒȖȘȍȍ șȕȧȚȤ șȚȐȝȈȘȤ ǰ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȔȐȘȈ ȕȍ
ȕȈșȚțȗȈȓ
ǰșȚȖȔȓȍȕȕțȦ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȖȒțȚȈȓȈ ȉȍȏȋȓȈșȕȈȧ ȕȖȟȤ ǵȖȟȤ ȚȖȎȍ ȟȈȧȓȈ Ȑȏ-
ȉȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȖȚ ȉȘȍȔȍȕȐ ǹȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȕȍȗȖșȐȓȤȕȖȋȖ ǶȕȖ ȔȍȌȓȐȓȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖ
ȒȈȒ ȏȈȗȖȏȌȈȊȠȐȍ ȘȖȌȣ
©ǭșȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȖȟȤ ȔțȟȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȤ șȊȖȍ ȓȖȕȖ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȐȚȤșȧ
șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȔ ȓȐȊȕȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȝțȌȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȟȈș ǨȓȤȔȍª — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȧ Ȑ
ȊȣȠȍȓ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘ
ǹȊȍȚ ȖȚ ȕȍȗȖȋȈȠȍȕȕȖȑ ȓȈȔȗȣ ȗȈȌȈȓ ȗȖȌ ȖșȚȘȣȔ țȋȓȖȔ ȕȈ șȖȉȈȟȤȦ ȉțȌȒț
ǰ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȓțȟȈȝ ȗȓȧșȈȓȐ ȧȌȖȊȐȚȣȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ ȔȖȠȒȐ — ȉȈȓȍȘȐȕȣ șțȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ

92
ȇ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȓ ȕȍȉț ǵȈ ȕȍȔ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ǿȍȘȕȣȑ
ȗȓȈȚ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ țȌțȠȈȓ ȊșȨ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȠȒȐ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ
ȒȈȦȡȐȔșȧ șȚȈȘțȝȈȔ ǯȍȔȓȦ ȎȌȈȓȈ șȔȍȘȚȤ
ǹ ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȊȖȓȖȟȈ ȕȖȋȐ ȧ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ǨȓȤȔȍ ǺȧȎȍȓȖ ȌȣȠȈ ȘȈșȗȓȈșȚȈȕȕȈȧ
ȋȘțȏȖȔ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȎȌȈȓȈ ȡȍȕȒȖȊ Ȑ ȌțȝȖȚȖȑ ȖȕȈ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ț șȊȖȍȋȖ ȎȐȓȐ-
ȡȈ ȒȖȍ-ȒȈȒ șȒȖȓȖȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȌȖșȖȒ ș șȖȓȖȔȖȑ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ǯȈȗȖȘȖȠȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȋȖ-
ȘȖȌ ȒȈȒ ȓȐȞȈ ȠȈȝȚȍȘȖȊ ȒȈȒ ȓȐșȚȤȧ ȈȒȈȞȐȑ țȋȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȣȓȤȦ
ǻȉȖȋȖȍ ȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȎȐȓȐȡȍ
ǯȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ ȓȐ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȈȌ șȖȉȈȟȤȍȑ ȉțȌȒȖȑ" Ǵȣ ȏȕȈȍȔ ȌȊȖȘȞȣ ȋȌȍ ȎȐ-
ȓȐ ȒȖȘȖȓȐ Ȑ ȒțȘȚȐȏȈȕȒȐ Ȕȣ ȗȖȟȐȚȈȍȔ ȓȈȟțȋȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȘȖȎȌȈȓȐșȤ ȖȚȊȈȎ-
ȕȣȍ ȔȖȘȍȗȓȈȊȈȚȍȓȐ ȐȓȐ ȋȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȖȥȚȣ ȕȖ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȓȐ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȑȏ
șȔȍȘȚȕȣȝ ȐșȚȖȘȐȒ ȐȓȐ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ț ȒȖȕțȘȣ" ǷȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȓȐ Ȗȕ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȖȕȈ
ȝȘȈȕȐȚ șȊȖȐ ȚȈȑȕȣ ȋȖȘȍșȚȐ Ȑ șȟȈșȚȤȍ" ǪȍȌȤ Ȑ ȍȍ ȗȖșȍȡȈȦȚ ȕȈȗȍȘșȕȐȞȣ șț-
ȌȤȉȣ — ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȕȣȍ ǷȈȘȒȐ ǰ ȚȈȔ ȚȒțȚ ȖȕȐ ȗțȚȍȊȖȌȕțȦ ȕȐȚȤ ȉțȌțȡȐȝ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȍȑ ǵȐ ȟȈșȖȊȣȍ ț ȌȊȖȘȞȖȊ ȕȐ ȡȍȒȖȓȌȈ ȕȈ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȝȐȎȐȕȣ ȕȐ ȖȝȈȗȒȈ șȉȐȚȖȑ
șȖȓȖȔȣ Ȋ ȒȖȕțȘȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ Țȍȝ ȒȖȔț ȌȈȕȖ șȒȓȖȕȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȕȖȊȖȘȖȎ-
ȌȍȕȕȖȔț — ȗȘȐȕȞț ȐȓȐ șȓȍȗȖȔț ȡȍȕȒț — Ȑ țȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȍȔț ȒȈȒȐȔȐ ȗțȚȧȔȐ ȗȘȖȑ-
ȌȍȚ Ȗȕ șȊȖȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ǰ ȉțȌȒț ǨȓȤȔȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȤ ȊȍȡȐȍ ȋȖșȚȤȐ ǺȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȍȍ ȎȐȓȐȡȍ
țȎȍ ȖșȍȕȐȓȈ ȚȈȑȕȈ ǩȍȏȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȑ ȊȏȖȘ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȉȣ Ȋ ȒȖȕțȘȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȘȧȏȕțȦ
șȖȓȖȔț ȗȘȐȔȧȚțȦ ȚȍȓȖȔ ǨȓȤȔȣ ȇ Ȏȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȖȓȦȉȐȓ Ȋ ȕȍȑ țȦȚ ȎȐȓȤȧ ǿȚȖ
ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȚȖșȒȓȐȊȍȍ ȗțșȚȣȕȐ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ"
ǨȓȤȔȈ ȟțȧȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȟȈș ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȉȓȐȏȖȒ ǯȕȈȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ Ȑ ȧ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȓ
ȕȍȑ ȗȖȋȓȈȌȐȊ ȍȍ ȋȖȓȖȊț
— ǵȍ ȚȍȘȧȑ ȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȧ ȔȈȔȖȟȒȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ȍȑ — ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȉțȌȍȚ ȋȘȖ-
ȏȈ Ǩ ș ȕȍȦ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȚșȧ Ȑ ȚȊȖȍ ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȐȍ
ǹȊȍȚ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ-țșȚȈȓȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ ǨȓȤȔȣ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȗȘȐȖȚȒȘȣȓ Ȕȕȍ ȒȘȈșț ȔȈȚȍȘȐȕ-
șȚȊȈ
— ȇ Țȍȉȍ ȊȍȘȦ — țșȓȣȝȈȓ ȧ ǰ țȉȘȈȊ ȊȓȈȎȕȣȑ ȧȏȣȒ ȟȈșȚȖ ȌȣȠȈ ȖȕȈ
ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȔȖȘȌț ȕȈ ȘțȒț
ǵȈȓȐȊ șȊȍȎȍȑ ȊȖȌȣ Ȋ ȔȐșȒț ȧ ȗȘȐȌȊȐȕțȓ ȍȍ Ȓ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȔ ȕȖȏȌȘȧȔ ǨȓȤȔȣ
ǹțȝȐȍ ȕȖȏȌȘȐ ț șȖȉȈȒ — ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒ ȕȍȌțȋȈ ǵȖ ȧ ȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚț ȕȖȟȤ ȏȍȔȓȧ
ȏȈȌȣȝȈȓȈșȤ Ȉ ș ȕȍȦ Ȑ ǨȓȤȔȈ ș ȗȍȘȍȋȘțȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȉȘȦȝȖȔ
— Ǫșȍ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ ȍȍ
ǯȈșȚȍȕȟȐȊȖ ǨȓȤȔȈ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ
— Ǫșȍ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ — ǵȖ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓȈ — ǺȖȓȤȒȖ Ȕȍȕȧ șȚȘȈȠȐȚ ȥȚȈ ȎțȚȒȈȧ Ȍț-
ȝȖȚȈ Ǩ ȟȚȖ — Ȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȈ Ȋ ȍȍ ȏȘȈȟȒȈȝ — ȍșȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȏȈȌȖȝȕțȚșȧ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ"
ǰȝ ȚȘȖȍ ȧ ȥȚȖ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ǯȈȌȖȝȕțȚșȧ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȧ Ȑȝ țȊȐȎț ǪȖ Ȕȕȍ șȈȔȖȑ
ǭșȚȤ ȓȐȞȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȓȦȉțȦȚșȧ ȌȈȎȍ Ȉȕȋȍȓȣ Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȖȗȘȖșȈ ȊȍȌțȚ Ȑȝ Ȓ ȗȘȍ-
șȚȖȓț ǪȍȟȕȖȋȖ ǹțȌȐȐ
ǭșȚȤ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȉȍȡȈȦȚ ȓȈșȒȖȊȣȑ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȖȟȈȋȈ ȕȖ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖ-
ȋȍ ȌȖȔȈ ȡȍȗȣ ȓȎȐ Ȑ ȖȉȔȈȕȈ
ǭșȚȤ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȐȧȦȚ ȋȖȓțȉȣȍ ȚțȔȈȕȣ ȔȖȘȍȑ Ȑ ȖȕȐ țȝȖȌȧȚ ȖȚ ȕȈș
ȋȖȘȍșȚȕȖ ȗȓȈȟȈ ȒȈȒ șȕȖȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ
ǭșȚȤ ȘțȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȉȍșșȚȘȈșȚȕȖ ȌȈȦȚ ȕȈȔ ȗȖșȚȐȟȤ ȟȚȖ ȚȘțȌț ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍ-

93
ȎȐȚ ȓȐȠȤ ȍȌȐȕȣȑ ȖȚȌȣȝ ȐȔȍȕțȍȔȣȑ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ
ǵȖ ȍșȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȔțȌȘȣȍ ȓȈȗȣ ȉȍȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ șțȒȐ șȋȘȍȉȈȦȡȐȍ ȚȘȧȗȤȍ Ȑ șȖȓȖȔț
Ȍȓȧ ȡȍȕȒȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȗȓȖȌȐȚ ȅȚȐ ȓȈȗȣ ȓȈȗȣ ǨȓȤȔȣ ȧ ȕȍȎȕȖ ȗȖȋȓȈȌȐȓ
ȒȈȒ ȘțȒȐ ȊșȚȘȍȊȖȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȋȖȚȖȊȧȡȍȑșȧ șȚȈȚȤ ȔȈȚȍȘȤȦ
— ǨȓȤȔȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȤ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȖȑșȧ ǪȖȚ-ȊȖȚ Țȣ șȚȈȕȍȠȤ ȊȍșȍȓȖȑ ȔȈȔȖȟȒȖȑ
Ǫșȍ ȉțȌȍȚ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ
— ȇ Țȍȉȍ ȊȍȘȦ — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȚȐȝȖ ǰ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȊ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȈ
ȔȖȦ ȘțȒț ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓȈ
— ǩȍȏ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȎȐȚȤ
ȇ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ ǩȍȏ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȎȐȚȤ ǩȍȏ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȋȐȉȕțȚ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȦ-
ȌȐ ȕȖ Ȑ ȏȊȍȘȐ ǻȔȖȓȒȈȦȚ ȗȚȐȞȣ
ǰȏȌȈȊȕȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȟȚȖ Ȑȕȣȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȍ ȐȓȐ ȗȍȘȕȈȚȣȍ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȕȖșȧȚ ȕȍȊȖȓȦ
Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȕȍȊȖȓȧ" ȅȚȖ — ȋȐȉȍȓȤ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ǶșȖȏȕȈȊ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȚȦȘȤȔț ȕȈȌȍȎȌț
șȊȖȉȖȌȣ ȕȍ ȊȗțșȚȧȚ ȊȖȓȒ ȏȈ ȘȍȠȍȚȒȖȑ ȐȓȐ șȖȓȖȊȍȑ Ȋ ȒȓȍȚȒȍ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȖ-
ȟȐȚȈȦȚ șȔȍȘȚȤ
ǰ ȧ Ƞȍȗȕțȓ ǨȓȤȔȍ
— ǨȓȤȔȈ ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȔȈȔȖȑ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț Țȍȉȍ ȚȈȒ ȎțȚȒȖ
ǵȖ țȊȍȘȤșȧ ȚȘȍȊȖȋț ȚȊȖȦ șȔȍȕȐȚ ȚȐȝȖȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ǺȊȖȐ șȖșȞȣ ȕȈȉțȝȓȐ ǶȕȐ ȉȖ-
ȓȧȚ Ȑ ȕȖȦȚ ǵȖ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȌȖ ǰȏ ȕȐȝ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȠȤ ȖȕȐ — ȚȊȖȐ ȌȍȚȐ — ȕȈȟȕțȚ șȖ-
șȈȚȤ ȚȊȖȍ ȔȖȓȖȒȖ ǶȕȖ ȉȘȣȏȕȍȚ ȕȈ Ȑȝ ȧȏȣȒȐ ȖȕȖ ȗȖȚȍȟȍȚ ȒȈȗȓȧ ȏȈ ȒȈȗȓȍȑ Ȋ Ȑȝ
ȋȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ ȋȖȘȓȈ Ǻȣ țȚȖȓȐȠȤ Ȑȝ ȎȈȎȌț Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȌ ǰ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈ șȚȈȕȍȚ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ
Ǫȣȗȍȑ ȊȖȌȣ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȎȌȐ
— ǴȖȓȖȒȖ ȉȘȣȏȕȍȚ — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ȇ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț ȖȉȘȖȕȐȚȤ ȕȐ ȍȌȐȕȖȑ
ȒȈȗȓȐ ȕȐ ȍȌȐȕȖȑ Ǫșȍ ȔȖȓȖȒȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȚȤ ȔȖȐȔ ȌȍȚȧȔ Ǫșȍ!
— ǵȍ ȖȗȈșȈȑșȧ ǨȓȤȔȈ ǭȋȖ ȝȊȈȚȐȚ ǲȈȒ ȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ Ȍȓȧ Țȍȉȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ Țȣ ȗȖȧȊȐ-
ȓȈșȤ ȕȈ șȊȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ ȍȋȖ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȍȓȧ ǪȈȞȓȈȊȈ Ǹȣȉȣ Ȍȓȧ Ȋșȍȝ Ǻȣ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ
ȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ Ȑ ȌȣȠȐȚ ȟȚȖ ȎȐȊȍȚ Ȑ țȔȐȘȈȍȚ ȖȚ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ șȚțȟȈȡȍȋȖ
șȍȘȌȞȈ ȌȖ ȕȍȔȖȋȖ ȒȈȔȕȧ — Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȚȖȎȍ ȔȖȓȖȒȖ
ǨȓȤȔȈ ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȓȈȏȈ
— ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ǲȈȒ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ șȚȈȘȣȑ ǸȣȉȈ Ȑ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣ-
ȔȐ ȊȣȔȖȡȍȕ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȊȖȘ ȔȖȓȖȒȖȔ"
— ǷȖȕȧȚȤ ȥȚȖ șȘȈȏț ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ ȌȈȕȖ ǵȈȌȖ ȗȖȟțȧȚȤ ȥȚȖ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ Ǩ ȥȚȖ ȊȖȏ-
ȔȖȎȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Țȣ ȖȚȋȖȕȐȠȤ șȗȍșȐȊțȦ ȔȣșȓȤ șțȔȍȍȠȤ ȊȕȧȚȤ ȉȍȋț Ȑ ȘȖșȚț ȚȖȋȖ
ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȕȈș ȕȖ Ȑ Ȋȕȍ ȕȈș ǹțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȔȖȓȖȒȖ ȊșȍȓȍȕȕȖȑ ǶȕȖ — ȐșȚȖȟ-
ȕȐȒ ȏȈȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȗȍșȟȐȕȒȐ ȐȓȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǴȖȓȖȒȖ ȔȐȘȈ ȊȣȌțȔȈȓ ȕȍ ȧ
ǴȕȖȋȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ șȚȖȓȍȚȐȑ ȕȈȏȈȌ ț ȌȈȓȍȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ ȋȌȍ ȕȍȚ ȕȐ țȋȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȣȓȐ ȕȐ
ȠȈȝȚȍȘȖȊ ȚȍȘȏȈȦȡȐȝ ȏȈșȚțȗȈȔȐ ȟȘȍȊȖ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȎȐȓȐ ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ ȏȊȈȓȐ Ȑȝ ȋȘȍȒȈ-
ȔȐ ǶȕȐ ȗȖȟȐȚȈȓȐ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȉȖȋȖȊ ǰȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ț ȕȐȝ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȍȌȐȕȈȧ șȐ-
ȓȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȌȘȖȉȐȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȚȖȒ ȚȊȖȘȧȡȐȑ șȚȘțȐ Ȑ ȉȘȣȏȋȐ Ǻȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ Ȋ
ȕȍȉȍ Ǵȓȍȟȕȣȑ ǷțȚȤ ǫȘȍȒȐ ȊȍȘȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ǵȓȍȟȕȣȑ ǷțȚȤ ȊȖȏȕȐȒ ȚȈȒ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȆȕȖ-
ȕȈ ȒȖȘȔȐȓȈ ȋȘțȌȤȦ ǫȍȘȒțȓȍșȈ ȖȕȈ țȘȖȕȐȓȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȗȍȓȤ ȔȖȓȖȒȈ
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȔȖȓȖȒȖ ȔȐȘȈ" ǴȖȓȖȒȖ ȊșȍȓȍȕȕȖȑ"
— ǿȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ ȉȍșșȐȓȤȕȈ ȘȍȠȐȚȤ ȥȚț ȏȈȋȈȌȒț ǴȣșȓȐȚȍȓȐ ȗȖȥȚȣ
țȟȍȕȣȍ ȉȘȖȌȧȚ ȒȈȒ șȓȍȗȣȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȚȈȑȕȣ ǴȍȕȧȦȚșȧ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȧ Ǻȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ ȗȍȘȊȖȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȖȓȖȒȖ ȔȐȘȈ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȗȓȈȏȔȖȑ

94
ǨȓȤȔȈ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓȈ
— Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ Ǩ Ȍȓȧ Țȍȉȧ"
— ǰ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȖȎȍ ǵȖ ȗȖȌțȔȈȑ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ șȚȖȓȍȚȐȧ ȖȌȕȐ ȕȈȘȖȌȣ ȐșȟȍȏȈ-
ȓȐ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ǰȝ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ șȖȏȌȈȊȈȓ Ȑ ȗȐȚȈȓ Ǫ ȌȘțȋȖȔ țȋȓț ȏȍȔȓȐ ȚȈȔ
ȊȖȕ ȕȈ șȍȊȍȘȍ ȋȌȍ șȕȍȋ șȚȘȈȠȐȓ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȝ ȕȈȘȖȌȐȓșȧ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ ȌȘțȋȈȧ ȊȍȘȈ ǯȈȉȣȚȈȧ ȆȕȖȕȈ șȚȈȓȈ ț ȕȐȝ ǩȖȋȖȔȈȚȍȘȤȦ ǰ ȥȚȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ
ȊȍȘȧȚ ȟȚȖ Ǵȓȍȟȕȣȑ ǷțȚȤ — ȥȚȖ ȔȖȓȖȒȖ ȗȘȖȓȐȚȖȍ ǩȖȋȖȘȖȌȐȞȍȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȒȖȘ-
ȔȐȓȈ ȋȘțȌȤȦ șȊȖȍȋȖ ǴȓȈȌȍȕȞȈ
ǨȓȤȔȈ ȗȘȐȚȐȝȓȈ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȈ ǭȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȓȖ
— Ǻȍȉȍ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
— ǬȈ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ǩȖȓȤȕȖ ȅȚȖ șțȌȖȘȖȋȐ"
ǰ Ȋ țȋȓȈȝ ȍȍ Ȗȗțȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȍȒ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ șȓȍȏȣ
— Ǵȕȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ ǨȓȤȔȈ — Ǩ ǩȖȋȖȔȈȚȍȘȐ ȚȖȎȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȘȈȠ-
ȕȖ" — ǰ ǭȑ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ǵȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȉȖȧȓȈșȤ șțȌȖȘȖȋ ǵȍȚ ǶȕȈ
ȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ǭȍ ǹȣȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȐȓȈ șȊȖȐȔ ȔȖȓȖȒȖȔ țȔȘȍȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȔȖȓȖȒȖ
ȍȋȖ ȗȓȖȚȐ ȕȍ țȔȍȘȓȖ
— ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ǸȣȉȈ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ Țȍȉȧ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȔ ȇ șȓȣȝȈȓȈ ȥȚȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ
Ȗȕ ȉȍșȍȌȖȊȈȓ Ȗ Țȍȉȍ șȖ ȠȚȍȑȋȍȘȖȔ ǵȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ
— Ǻȣ ȗȘȈȊȈ ǨȓȤȔȈ ǪșȧȒȈȧ ȚȈȑȕȈ — ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȐȍ ǶȕȖ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ǪșȧȒȈȧ
ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈ Ȉ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȐȏȉȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȓȐ" ȚȊȖȘȐȓȈșȤ ȚȍȔȐ ȒȚȖ ȊȖșșȚȈȓ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ șȗȍșȐ-
ȊȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐ șȚȈȊ șȖȠȍȌȠȐȔ ș țȔȈ șȚȈȊ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȔ
Ǫ ȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ Ȋ ȏȈȚȝȓȖȑ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȍ ȧ ȗȖȌșȟȐȚȣȊȈȓ ș țȚȘȈ ȌȖ ȕȖȟȐ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȍ
ȚȖȕȕȣ ȌȖȉȣȚȖȋȖ țȋȓȧ ǹȟȍȚȕȈȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȒȈ țȚȖȔȐȓȈ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȦ ȘțȒț ȕȖ Ȑ ȔȖȏȋ.
ȇ ȖȚȖȠȍȓ ȖȚ ǨȓȤȔȣ Ȑ ȓȍȋ ȕȈ șȒȈȔȤȍ Ȋ ȉȍșȍȌȒȍ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȈȒȈȞȐȑ ǬțȝȖȚȈ ȚȍșȕȐȓȈ
ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȊȍȒȐ Ȑ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȟțȌȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȓȐșȚȤȧ ȈȒȈȞȐȑ ȊȏȌȘȖȋ-
ȕțȓȐ ǵȍȚ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣ.
— Ǩ ȧȌȖȊȐȚȣȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ ȔȖȠȒȐ — ȚȖȎȍ ȔȖȓȖȒȖ ȊșȍȓȍȕȕȖȑ" — ȗȘȖȏȊțȟȈȓ ȖȚ-
ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș
— ǲȖȕȍȟȕȖ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ș țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȔȖȧ ȔȈȚȤ ǹȍȊ ȊȖȏȓȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȕȈ ȕȍȎȕȖ
șȒȓȖȕȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȘȈșșȚȍȋȕțȓȈ ȗțȋȖȊȐȞȣ ȕȈ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȒȍ ȔȖȍȑ ȘțȉȈȠȒȐ
— ǺȈȒ Țȍȉȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȓȍȋȟȍ ȌȣȠȈȚȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ
— ǶȚȒțȌȈ Țȣ ȔȈȔȈ" — țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ȧ ǵȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȎȌȈȓ ȍȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ
ȍȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ țȎȍ ȔȕȖȋȖ-ȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȍȋ
— ǲȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȔȖȠȒȐ ȚȖȎȍ ȔȖȓȖȒȖ ȊșȍȓȍȕȕȖȑ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȔȈȚȤ — Ǫ ȕȍȔ Ȑ ȔȍȌ Ȑ
ȧȌ Ǫ ȕȍȔ — ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȤ ǭșȚȤ țșȚȈȓȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȚȒȈȗȣȊȈȦȚ țȋȖȓȤ,
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȏȕȈȚȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȍȌȐȕȣȑ ȖȚȌȣȝ ȐȔȍȕțȍȔȣȑ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ ǭșȚȤ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ
șȐȧȦȚ ȋȖȓțȉȣȍ ȚțȔȈȕȣ ȔȖȘȍȑ ȋȖȘȍșȚȕȖ ȗȓȈȟȈ ȒȈȒ șȕȖȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ
ǿțȎȖȑ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș țȔȖȓȒ ǹȓȍȏȣ ȗȖȓȕȣȍ țȋȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȖȗȖȚȐ șȔȖȟȐ-
ȓȐ ȌȘȧȉȓȣȍ ȡȍȒȐ țșȚȈȓȖȑ șȚȈȘțȝȐ ǬȈ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȔȖȧ ȔȈȚȤ ȅȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȈ
șȊȖȦ șțȝțȦ ȓȈȌȖȕȤ ȕȈ ȔȖȑ ȓȖȉ
— ǴȈȔȖȟȒȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ȕȍ ȚȍȘȧȑ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ Ǵȣ ȍȡȍ țȊȐȌȐȔșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ — ǵȖ ȖȕȈ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ ǰ ȧ ȚȖȘȖ-
ȗȐȓșȧ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȘȈșșȚȈȍȔșȧ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ
— Ǩ Țȍȉȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ" Ǫ ȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ț Țȍȉȧ ȕȣȓȐ șȖșȞȣ"

95
— ǪșȧȒȈȧ ȚȈȑȕȈ șȚȘȈȠȕȈ — șȒȓȖȕȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț — ǵȖ ȉȍȏ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȕȍ-
ȓȤȏȧ ȎȐȚȤ
ǰ ȗȖȠȈȚȣȊȈȧșȤ ȖȚ șȓȈȉȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȋȖȌȖȊ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȉȘȍȓȈ Ȓ ȒȖșȚȍȓț ȇ ȍȡȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ
ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ ȊșȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȒȘȣȓȤȞȖ
ȇ ȏȈȉȣȓșȧ Ȑ ȏȈȉȣȓ Ȗ ȗțșȚȣȕȍ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȗ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ Ȗȉ ǨȓȤȔȍ Ȗ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȍ ȋȌȍ
ȚȣșȧȟȐ Ȑ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȣ ȗȖȌșȟȐȚȈȕȕȣȝ ȚȖȕȕ țȋȓȧ ȘȈșșȚȘȖȐȓȐ ȔȖȑ țȔ, ȗȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȦ
țȋȓȍȒȖȗȈ Ǹȣȉȣ ǴȖȧ ȌțȔȈ țȔȐȘȈȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȏȍȔȓȧ Ȋ ȥȚț ȕȖȟȤ
©ǻ ǨȓȤȔȣ ȕȈȟȈȓȐșȤ țȎȍ șțȌȖȘȖȋȐª — ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȈ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ țȋȈșȈȦȡȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ.
ǵȖ ȖȕȈ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖȌ șȗțȌȖȔ ȖȌȖȓȍȊȠȍȋȖ șȕȈ
ȇ Ȗȟȕțȓșȧ ȖȚ ȠțȔȈ ǳȐȊȍȕȤ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȝȓȍșȚȈȓ ȗȖ ȒȘȣȠȍ ȉȍșȍȌȒȐ ǳȐȒțȧ Ȑ ȋȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ȋȘȖȔ șȖȚȘȧșȈȓ ȕȍȉȖșȊȖȌ Ǫȍșȍȓȣȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȗȘȐȋȐȉȈȓ ȊȍȚȊȐ ȈȒȈȞȐȑ ȠțȔȍȓ Ȑȝ
ȓȍȗȍȚȈȊȠȐȔȐ ȖȎȐȊȠȐȔȐ ȓȐșȚȤȧȔȐ
ȇ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ Ǫ ȏȈȘȍȊȍ ȔȖȓȕȐȐ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȈ șȖȋȕțȚȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ Ǹȣȉȣ ȖȒȖ-
ȓȖ ȉțȌȒȐ ǨȓȤȔȣ ș țȋȖȓȤȕȣȔ ȔȍȠȒȖȔ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ Ȑ ȗȓȍȟȈȝ
— ǸȣȉȈ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȧ — ǿȍȓȖȊȍȟȍ ȌȖȉȘȣȑ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȚȈȔ ȌȍȓȈȍȠȤ"
— ǨȓȤȔȈ ȖȡȍȕȐȓȈșȤ — țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȧ ȋȖȓȖș țȋȓȍȒȖȗȈ ǰ Ȋ ȋȘțȉȖȔ ȊȖȏȋȓȈșȍ
ȍȋȖ ȏȊțȟȈȓȈ ȕȍȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȈȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ
ǷȖȌȉȍȎȈȊ Ȓ ȉțȌȒȍ ȧ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ǳȐȊȍȕȤ ȠțȔȍȓ ȓȐȒȖȊȈȓ ǪȍȚȍȘ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȓ
Ȕȕȍ ȘȈșșȓȣȠȈȚȤ Ǹȣȉț
— ǹȚȍȘȊȍȞȣ — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ șȔȍȧșȤ — ǹȚȍȘȊȍȞȣ țȎȍ șȖșțȚ ȔȈȔȈȠț
— ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑȝ" — ȗȘȖȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȧ Ȋ ȘȈșȒȈȚȍ ȋȘȖȔȈ
— ǺȘȖȍ — ȘȧȊȒȕțȓ ǸȣȉȈ șȐȌȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȚȖȟȒȈȝ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȒȐ ȊȖȌȣ ȝȓȍșȚȈȊȠȐȍ ȍȋȖ șȗȐȕț Ȑ ȗȓȍȟȐ
— ǴȈȔȖȟȒȈ Ǻȣ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȈ Ȋșȍ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ" — ȚȖȘȔȖȠȐȓ ȧ ǨȓȤȔț ȏȈ țȠȐ
— Ǫșȍ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ǨȓȤȔȈ ȒȖșȧ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȡȍȕȒȖȊ ȖȉȓȍȗȐȊ-
ȠȐȝ ȍȍ ȉȘȦȝȖ ǰ Ȕȕȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȍȑ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȣ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȐ ȍȍ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȕ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȉȓȈȎȍȕșȚȊȈ
— Ǻȣ șȓȣȠȐȠȤ ǸȣȉȈ" — ȗȘȖȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȧ Ȋ țȝȖ ȠȈȝȚȍȘț
— ǿȚȖ" — ȖȉȍȘȕțȓ Ȗȕ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȦȡȍȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȚȍȒȓȈ ȊȖ-
ȌȈ șȔȣȊȈȊȠȈȧ țȋȖȓȤȕțȦ ȗȣȓȤ
— ȇ ȏȈȉȣȓ Ǻȣ ȊȍȌȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȠȤ șȖȉȈȟȤȦ ȘȍȟȤ
ǻȋȓȍȒȖȗ șțȝȖ Ȑ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȖ ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ
— ǵȍȚ ǸȈȏțȔȈ ȧ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ ȊȣȏȊȍȏȌȐȓȖ Ǵȣ șȐȌȍȓȐ ș ȒțȘȐȊȠȐȔ ǸȣȉȖȑ Ȋ ȉȍșȍȌȒȍ ǨȒȈ-
ȞȐȐ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȧ ȘȖȕȧȓȐ ȕȈȏȍȔȤ ȘȍȌȒȐȍ ȒȈȗȓȐ ǳȍȋȒȖ Ȑ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖ ȌȣȠȈȓȖșȤ
ǩȣȓȖ ȚȐȝȖ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȉȓȐȏȐ ȉȣȓȖ șȓȣȠȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȟȔȖȒȈȓȐ ȧȏȣȒȈȔȐ șȓȍȗȣȍ ȡȍȕȧ-
ȚȈ șȖșȈȊȠȐȍ ǨȓȤȔț
Ǫ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȔ ȈȋȈȚȍ ȕȍȉȈ ȉȣȓ ȊȐȌȍȕ Ǵȓȍȟȕȣȑ ǷțȚȤ ȇ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǪȐȌȐȠȤ ǸȣȉȈ ȥȚȖ — Ǵȓȍȟȕȣȑ ǷțȚȤ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ ȊȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȕșȚȊȈ
ǰ ȧ ȕȍ ȖȉȐȌȍȓșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ țȋȓȍȒȖȗ șȟȐȚȈȊȠȐȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȕȕȣȔ ȖȚȒȈȠȓȧȊ-
ȠȐșȤ Ȑ ȊȣȉȐȊ ȗȍȗȍȓ Ȑȏ ȚȘțȉȒȐ ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ
— ȅȚȖ — ȊȍȡȐ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȍ Ȍȓȧ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǫȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȥȚȖ — ȏȊȍȏ-
Ȍȣ Ǵȕȍ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȌȈȕȖ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȕȖ Ȕȍȕȧ țȟȐȓȐ ȥȚȖȔț Ȋ ȠȒȖȓȍ
ǰ ș ȟțȊșȚȊȖȔ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌșȚȊȈ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ
— ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȕȕ țȋȓȧ ȖȚșȣȓȈȍȚ ȕȈȠȈ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȈ ȗȖȌșȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȔȖȎȕȖ Ȉ șȒȖȓȤ-

ȒȖ ȏȊȍȏȌ Ȋ ǴȓȍȟȕȖȔ ǷțȚȐ — ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȍȚ Ǩ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȏȌȍșȤ ȊȍȟȕȖȍ
ȔȈȚȍȘȐȕșȚȊȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ
— ǵț șȒȈȎȍȔ ȏȊȍȏȌȕȈȧ ȗȣȓȤ — ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ ȧ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤșȧ ș ǸȣȉȖȑ
— ǴȍȘȏȒțȦ țȋȖȓȤȕțȦ ȗȣȓȤ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ șȘȈȊȕȐȊȈȚȤ șȖ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȔȐ ȕȍȉȍșȕȣȔȐ —
ǻȋȓȍȒȖȗ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ șȖ șȒȈȔȤȐ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȍ
ȇ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȐȌȍȓ ȖȌȐȕ ǷȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȖ ǯȍȔȓȧ ȌȣȠȈȓȈ ǵȈ ȒȖ-
ȓȖȒȖȓȤȕȍ ȒȖșȚȍȓȈ țȌȈȘȐȓȖ ȌȊȈ ȟȈșȈ ȕȖȟȐ. ȇ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȗȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ
ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȟȈș țȔȍȘȓȈ ȔȖȧ ȔȈȚȤ ǰ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȐȓșȧ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȊ șȕȖȊȈ ȕȈ
ȕȍȉȖ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȗȖȌ ǴȓȍȟȕȣȔ ǷțȚȍȔ ȗȖȌ ȍȋȖ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȑ ȌțȚȖȑ Ȋ ȚțȔȈȕȍ
ȖȚȌȍȓȐȓȐșȤ ȚȘȐ ȓȍȋȒȐȍ ȚȍȕȐ ȅȚȖ ǷȈȘȒȐ ȌȖȟȍȘȐ ǵȖȟȐ Ȋ ȉȍșȠțȔȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȍȚȍ
ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȉțȌȒȍ ǨȓȤȔȣ

ǵǰǳǾǶ Ƕ ǹȌǲǶ
Ƕȕ ȝȞȎȔȟȘȜȑȜ ȎșȪȏȜȚȎ

98
ǴȐȓȖȔț ǸȖȌȖȓȤȜȖ
ǪȣșȖȝȠȐȍ ȥȚȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȐ ș ȉȖȓȚȈȦȡȐȔȐșȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ-ȗȓȍȚȤȔȐ Ȋ ȚȦȘȉȈȕȈȝ ȏȖ-
ȊțȚșȧ ȐȕȌțșȈȔȐ ǰȝ — șȍȔȤ ǶȉȓȈȌȈȚȍȓȐ ȚȈȑȕ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ ȗȖȌ ȏȈțȕȣȊȕȣȑ ȋțȓ ȚȈȔ-
ȉțȘȐȕȈ ȖȕȐ ȗȓȍȚțȚșȧ ȗȖ ȗȍșȒț Ȑ ȖȗȐȓȒȈȔ ȈȘȍȕȣ ȗȖȏȊȧȒȐȊȈȧ ȘȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȔȐ
șȚȍȒȓȧȠȒȈȔȐ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȕȈȘȧȌȖȊ ǵȖ ȗȈȘȈȌȕȣȑ ȊȣȝȖȌ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȍȕ Ǵțȏȣ-
ȒȈ țȔȖȓȒȈȍȚ ǲȖȜȍȑȕȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȏȈȒȐȕțȊ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȖȗȘȖȒȐȌȣȊȈȍȚ Ȋ
șȍȉȧ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȍȑȠțȦ ȉțȚȣȓȤ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȊȓȈȋȐ ȌȍȘȎȈ ȕȈȋȖȚȖȊȍ ȜȈȒȍȓ ǰȏȖȋȕțȊ-
ȠȐșȤ Ȗȕ ȊȣȗȓȍȊȣȊȈȍȚ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȜȖȕȚȈȕ ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȖȚșȒȈȒȐȊȈȍȚ ȔȈȝȕțȊ ȋȖȘȧȡȐȔ
ȌȘȍȊȒȖȔ ǴȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȍȚ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȈȧ ȖȋȕȍȕȕȈȧ ȝȘȐȏȈȕȚȍȔȈ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȦ-
ȡȈȧ ȊȖȏȌțȝ țȌțȠȓȐȊȣȔ ȏȈȗȈȝȖȔ ȒȍȘȖșȐȕȈ
ǩȖșȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȘȖȏȖȊȖȑ ȟȈȓȔȍ ș ȉȍȓȣȔ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȦȡȐȔ șțȓȚȈȕȖȔ ȉȣșȚȘȖ
ȉȍȎȐȚ ȔȐȔȖ ȓȖȎ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȊȣȚȧȕțȚȣȑ ȧȏȣȒ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚ ȗȖ ȕȍȔț ȗȖȓȖșȒȖȑ
ȘȈșȒȈȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȎȍȓȍȏȈ
ǶȚȒȐȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ țȎȈșȍ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ șȊȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȓȈȌȖȕȧȔȐ ȔȖȧ ȗȍȘȍȗțȋȈȕȕȈȧ
șȗțȚȕȐȞȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț ȕȍȐșȚȖȊȖ ȝȓȖȗȈȚȤ Ȋ ȓȈȌȖȠȐ ȗȘȐ ȊȐȌȍ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ
ȒȖȜȍȑȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȖșȣȔȐ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȗȓȧȠȍȚ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȍ ȉȐȚȖȋȖ șȚȍȒȓȈ
Panem et circenses!
ǭȔț — ȝȓȍȉȈ. Ǵȕȍ Ȑ ȊȈȔ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ — ȏȘȍȓȐȡ
***
Ǯȍȓȍȏȕȣȍ ȗȘțȚȤȧ ȖȚȋȖȘȈȎȐȊȈȦȚ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȈȎȍȕȍȑ ǸȈȏȉȍȎȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȊȖȕȏȐȚȤ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȍ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȒȖȋȚȐ, ȊȖȕȏȐȚȤ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖȉ șȓȈȌȒȖ ȏȈȕȣȓȈ ȗȖ-
ȧșȕȐȞȈ — ȕȍȋȌȍ ǪȖȕȏȐȚȤ Ȋ ȗȖȝȈȉȕȣȍ ȘȖȎȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȍȓȒȈȝ Ȑ ȘȈȏȔȈȓȍȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȔȖȘ-
Ȍȣ ȊȖȕȏȐȚȤ ȟȍȠțȡȐȍșȧ ȒȖȋȚȐ
— ǬȎȈȑȔȈ
ǰ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓ ȉȐȟȈ
— ǬȎȈȑȔȈ
ǰ ȗȖ ȕȖșț ȘȣȟȈȡȍȑ ȗȈșȚȐ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȦȡȍȑșȧ ȖȚ ȊȖȗȓȧ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȐ ȖșȚȘȖ ȡȍȓ-
ȒȈȍȚ ȘȍȔȍȕȤ ȝȓȣșȚȈ
— ǬȎȈȑȔȈ
ǰ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȊȍȕȋȍȘȒȍ ș ȉȐȟȖȔ Ȋ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ șȖ șȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȌȊțȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȑ
ȊȐȓȒȖȑ Ȋ ȓȍȊȖȑ ȘțȒȍ ȊȍȓȐȚ ȒȘȐȟȐȚ Ȑ ȗȧȚȐȚșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȖȉȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ șȗȐȕȖȑ
+RȋȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȣ Ȑ șȖȉȘȈȕȣ Ȋșȍ ȔȣȠȞȣ ȚȍȓȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ țșȗȍȚȤ ȖȚșȒȖ-
ȟȐȚȤ
ǰ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȌ ȗȈȘțșȐȕȖȊȣȔ ȒțȗȖȓȖȔ ȋȌȍ ȋȖȘȧȚ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȍ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȍ șȖȓȕ-
ȞȈ — ȘȍȊ ȕȍȐșȚȖȊȣȑ ȏȊȍȘȧ Ȑ ȖȒȘȐȒ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖȊȍȓȍȊȈȍȚ ȕȖ ȒȈȟȈȍȚșȧ
ȕȈ ȓȍȏȊȐȐ ȕȖȎȈ Ƕȕ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ ȔțȟȐȚ ȝȓȍȡȍȚ ȒȕțȚȖȔ Ȑ ȌȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȔȐȋȈ ȕȍ
ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȤȧ ȊȖȓȧ ȖșȐȓȐȚ
— ǬȎȈȑȔȈ
ǰ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓ ȉȐȟȈ

99
ǶȕȈ ȐȏȋȐȉȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȖȕȏȈȧ ȋȖȘȧȡȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȋ ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȊȍȕȋȍȘȒȍ
șȋȐȉȈȍȚ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȑ ȋȕȍȚ șȗȐȕț Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȣȎȒȈ ǾȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȈșȚȤ ȡȍȓȒȈȍȚ Ȑ Șȣ-
ȟȈȕȐȍ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȍȡȍ șȐȓȤȕȍȑ ȊȖȉȘȈȚȤ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȋ ȗȓȍȟȐ Ƕȕ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȔȐȋ
ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȎțȚȒȐȝ ȏȘȈȟȒȖȊ ȏȊȍȘȧ Ȑ ȊȧȎȍȚ ȊȧȎȍȚ șȊȖȑ ȊȏȖȘ ș ȍȋȖ ȊȏȖȘȖȔ ȅȚȖ
— ȕȐȚȤ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȈȧ ȕȖ ȊȍȡȕȈȧ ȕȍșțȡȈȧșȧ ȗȈțȚȐȕȈ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖȑ șȐȓȣ Ȑ ȉȍșȒȖ-
ȕȍȟȕȖȑ ȝȘțȗȒȖșȚȐ ǵȈ ȌțȘȈȞȒȖȔ ȗȖȔȖșȚȍ șȐȌȐȚ ȖȕȈ — ȘȣȎȈȧ ȖȋȕȍȊȈȧ ș ȟȍȘ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȉȈȘȝȈȚȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȓȖșȈȔȐ ȐȏȕȈșȐȓȖȊȈȕȕȈȧ ȕȍȋȖȌțȦȡȈȧ ǪȕȐȏț șȚȖȐȚ ȌȖȝ-
ȓȈȧ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ȗȖȌ șȍȌȓȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȍ ȕȈ ȔȈȚȘȈȞ Ȉ ȍȑ ȥȚȖȚ ȖȝȘȐȗ-
ȠȐȑ ȒȖȕȦȝ ȖȘȍȚ
— ǬȎȈȑȔȈ
ǾȍȗȒȖ ȝȓȍșȚȕțȊ șȍȉȧ ȝȊȖșȚȖȔ ȗȖ ȉȖȒȈȔ ȖȕȈ ȘȖȕȧȍȚ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȐȍ ȕȖ-
ȋȐ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȏȈȌ Ȑ ș ȘȍȊȖȔ
— ǬȎȈȑȔȈ —
ȌȘȖȋȕțȊȠȐȔ ȒȘȐȒȖȔ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȚ ȍȍ ȗȘȣȎȖȒ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȒțȘȚȒȍ ȘȖȕȧȧ
ȉȐȟ ȊȣȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȧ Ȑȏ ȗȖȧșȈ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȕȈȋȓȣȑ ©ȕȈȋȈȕª ǷȘȐȋȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȓȍȊȖȑ Șț-
ȒȖȑ Ȗȕ șțȍȚ ȊȐȓȒț — șȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȌȊțȏțȉȍȞ — Ȋ ȗȈșȚȤ Ȉ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȍȚ
ȗȐșȚȖȓȍȚ Ȓ ȉȍȠȍȕȣȔ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ ȚȐȋȘȐȞȣ
ǶȕȈ ȊȏȣȊȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ țȒȘȈȓȐ ȟȍșȚȤ ȗȘȣȋȈȍȚ ȕȈ șȍȌȓȖ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȍ ȕȈ ȔȈȚȘȈȞ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȊȍȘȚȍȗȈ
ǺȘȐ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȗȖȝȈȉȕȣȝ ȒȖȚȍȓȒȖȊ Ȑ ȘȈȏȔȈȓȍȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȘȖȎ ȊȏȘȣȊȈȦȚ ȚȐȠȐȕț
ȗȖȌ ȗȈȘțșȐȕȖȊȣȔ ȒțȗȖȓȖȔ ȋȌȍ ȋȖȘȧȚ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȍ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȍ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȗȓȍșȒȖȔ
ȗȖȚȕȣȝ ȘțȒ
Ǩ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȤ ȗȘȖȗțșȚȐȊ ȠȔȣȋȕțȊȠȍȋȖ ȏȊȍȘȧ Ȋ ȒȓȍȚȒț ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȌȘȖ-
ȎȈȡȐȝ ȖȚ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȐ ȕȖȋȈȝ ȘțȒȈȊȖȔ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȑ ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȊȍȕȋȍȘȒȐ ȊȣȚȐȘȈȍȚ ȔȖȒ-
Șȣȑ ȓȖȉ
***
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȔțȏȣȒȈ ȔȍȌȕȣȔ ȋȘȖȔȖȔ ȗȓȍȡȍȚ ȕȈ ȈȘȍȕț ȔȐșș ǪȐȘȋȐȕȐȧ ȗȖȧȊ-
ȓȧȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȋȈȘȞțȦȡȍȔ ȊȖȘȖȕȖȔ ȒȖȕȍ ȕȈ ȒȘțȋț. ǭȍ ȖȋȖȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ș ȊȣȚȘȈȊȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ ȗȖȌ ȔȣȠȒȈȔȐ ȕȈȗțȌȘȍȕȣ Ȑ ȠȓȦȚ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ Țȣșȧȟț ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ
ȏȈțȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȚ
Ǫ ȚȈȒȚ ȜȓȍȑȚȈȔ Ȑ ȒȓȈȘȕȍȚȈȔ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȒȖȕȍȔ ȕȈ șȍȌȓȍ Ȑ
ȚȘȍȗȓȍȚ ȓȈȌȖȕȤȦ ȍȋȖ ȒȘțȚțȦ ȠȍȦ ǲȘȍȗȒȐȍ ȕȖȋȐ Ȋ șȐȘȍȕȍȊȖȔ ȚȘȐȒȖ Ȑ ȖȚȖȘȖ-
ȟȍȕȕȈȧ ȔȍȝȖȔ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȈȧ ȦȉȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȊșȒȐȌȣȊȈȧ ȖȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȔȐșș ǪȐȘȋȐȕȐȧ
Ȑ ȚȖȕȒȐȑ ȝȓȣșȚȐȒ Ȑ ȏȈȓȐȚȣȑ șȊȍȘȒȈȕȐȍȔ ȉȓȍșȚȖȒ ȒȖȘșȈȎ ȋȖȘȧȡȐȑ ȐȏțȔȘț-
ȌȈȔȐ ȘțȉȐȕȈȔȐ ȈȔȍȚȐșȚȈȔȐ Ȑ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤ ȕȍȊȍȕȟȈȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊȍ ȉțȒȍȚȐȒ ȓȈȕȌȣȠȍȑ
ǴȐșș ǪȐȘȋȐȕȐȧ ȊȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȒȖȘșȈȎ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȈȒȚ ȗȓȣȊțȡȍȑ șȓȈȌȖșȚȕȖ Ȑ
ȋȘțșȚȕȖ ȔțȏȣȒȍ ȊȈȓȤșȐȘțȍȚ ȕȈ ȒȖȕȍ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȕȖșȐȚșȧ ȔȐȔȖ ȓȖȎȐ Ȋ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ șȐȎț ȖȕȈ Ȋ Țȣșȧȟț ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȗȖșȣȓȈȍȚ Ȕȕȍ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȑ ȗȖȞȍȓțȑ Ȑ
ȧ șȝȊȈȚȐȊ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȤ șȖșȍȌȒȐ șȓȍȎț ȏȈ ȍȍ ȗȖȓȍȚȖȔ ȕȈ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ
ǪȐȘȋȐȕȐȧ — ȌȍȊșȚȊȍȕȕȐȞȈ Ƕȉ ȥȚȖȔ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊțȍȚ ȍȍ ȐȔȧ ǰ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȦ

ȐȏȌȍȊȒȍ șȚȍȒȖȓ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȏȓȖȘȈȌȕȖ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ Ȕȕȍ ȌȘȧȉȓțȦ ȒȖȎț ț ȗȖȌ-
ȉȖȘȖȌȒȈ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȏȘȍȓȣȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȋȘțȌȐ ȏȈȠȕțȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȖȑ ȚȍșȍȔȒȖȑ
***
— ǯȈ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȊȍȘȟȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȚȘȈȗȍȞȐȧȝ Ȑ ȖȚ șȈȓȤȚȖ ȕȈ ȚȘȈȔȗȓȐȕȈȝ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȈș ȠȊȣȘȧȦȚ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȒȈȒ ȔȧȟȐȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ șțȌȈȘȤ țșȚȈȚȤ
— ǵȖ ǸȖȌȖȓȤȜȖ ț ȊȈș — ȜȍȕȖȔȍȕ
— ǬȈ Ȑȏ ȕȍȋȖ ȊȣȑȌȍȚ ȗȍȘȊȖȒȓȈșșȕȣȑ ȈȘȚȐșȚ Ƕȕ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȏ-
Ȍțȝȍ ȌȊȈ ȘȈȏȈ ȕȖ ȥȚȐȔ Ȗȕ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȌȖȊȖȓȍȕ
ǹȔȍȦȡȐȍșȧ ȞȣȋȈȕșȒȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȖȌȐȕȕȈȌȞȈȚȐȓȍȚȕȍȋȖ ȔȈȓȤȟțȋȈȕȈ Ȕȕȍ ȓțȒȈȊȖ
ȗȖȌȔȐȋȐȊȈȦȚ Ȉ ȘȖȚ ȌȖ țȠȍȑ ȘȈșȚȧȋȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊțȦ țȓȣȉȒț ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ Ȗȉȍ-
ȡȈȦ ȕȈȗȐșȈȚȤ Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȓțȟȠȐȑ ȈȒȘȖȉȈȚ ȞȐȘȒȈ
ǸȖȌȖȓȤȜȖ ǬȈȑ ǩȖȋ Țȍȉȍ ȕȍ șȓȖȔȈȚȤ ȠȍȦ ȒȖȋȌȈ Țȣ ȗȖȌȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȑ țȗȘț-
ȋȐȔ ȚȘȈȔȗȓȐȕȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȍȠȤșȧ ȒȖȔȒȖȔ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȝ Țȍȉȧ ȓȍȚȐȚ șȍ-
șȚȘȈ Ȑ Țȣ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȠȤșȧ ȊȍȘȝȖȔ ȕȈ Ƞȍȍ ȖȚȞȈ
ǪȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȐȑ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ ȞȐȘȒ ǲȓțȌșȒȖȋȖ
ǪȓȈȌȍȓȍȞ — ǲȓțȌșȒȐȑ-senior. ǬȐȘȍȒȚȖȘ — ǲȓțȌșȒȐȑ-junior. ǬȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ șȓȖ-
ȕȖȊ  ȉȍȕȋȈȓȤșȒȐȝ ȚȐȋȘȖȊ  ȓȤȊȖȊ Ȑ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȏȍ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȔȍȌȊȍȌȍȑ  ȊȍȘȉ-
ȓȦȌȖȊ  ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕ,  ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ ȏȍȉȘȣ ȉțȑȊȖȓȣ Ȑ ȚȈȗȐȘȣ ǩȍȋȍȔȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȊȍșȐȚ  ȒȐȓȖ
ǪȍșȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈȘȕȣȑ ȔȐȘ ȎȐȊȍȚ Ȋ ǷȘȈȋȍ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȊȍșȖȔ ȗȈȘțșȐȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȠȈȚ-
ȘȈ ȋȌȍ ȋȘȍȔȐȚ ȔȍȌȤ ȖȘȒȍșȚȘȈ ȗȓȍȡțȚ ȈȗȓȖȌȐșȔȍȕȚȣ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ ȗȓȈȟțȚ ȋȘțȌ-
ȕȣȍ ȌȍȚȐ ȊȖȦȚ șȖȉȈȒȐ ȘȣȟȈȚ ȓȤȊȣ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȌȣȠȈȚ ȟȈȝȖȚȖȟȕȣȍ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȣ Ǫ
Ȑȝ țșȚȈȊȠȐȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȚȖșȒț, ȋȖȘȤȒțȦ ȚȖșȒț ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȐȒȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ țȎȍ
ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȍȚ ȊȍȚȍȘ șȚȍȗȕȣȝ ȌȈȓȍȑ ǨȏȐȐ

ǼǲȁǰǮǻȅǶǸ

102
ǭȡȍ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖ ȔȍȘȒȕȍȚ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ ȔȍȎȌț ȓȐșȚȊȖȑ ȊȣșȖȒȐȝ ȖȓȤȝ ȖȉșȚțȗȐȊȠȐȝ
ȌȖȔȐȒ ȋȌȍ ȎȐȊȍȚ ǪȈȕȧ
ǭȡȍ ȋȖȘȐȚ ȕȈȌ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ ȏȈ ȖȊȘȈȋȖȔ ȏȈ ȚȍȔȕȖ-ȓȐȓȖȊȣȔȐ șȚȊȖȓȈȔȐ
țȗȈȊȠȈȧ ȒȈȑȔȈ ȋȈșȕțȡȍȑ șțȘȤȔȣ ȕȈ ȗȓȈȡȍ Ȑ ȘȐȏȈȝ ȕȍȉȍșȕȣȝ ǵȖ ȕȈȌ ȊȏȌȣ-
ȝȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȈȔȐ ȌȍȘȍȊ ȋȌȍ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȕȖ ȓȍȗȍȟȍȚ ȓȐșȚ ȗȖȌ ȏȈȗȘȖȒȐȕțȚȖȑ ȉȍȏ-
ȔȍȘȕȖ ȊȣșȤȦ — ȗȖȒȖȑ ǲȈȒ ȌȖȏȖȘȣ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȣȝ Ȑ ȕȍȌȖșȧȋȈȍȔȣȝ ȗțȚȍȑ — ȏȍȓȍ-
ȕȣȍ ȌȈȓȤȕȐȍ ȜȈȒȍȓȣ
Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ"
— ȅȚȖ Ȓ ǩȖȋț ȕȈȠȍȔț ȗȖ ȊȍȟȍȘț ȓȍȚȧȚ Ȉȕȋȍȓȣ șȖ șȊȍȟȒȈȔȐ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ — ȖȚȊȍ-
ȟȈȍȚ șȚȈȘȈȧ ǪȈșșȈ — ǿȚȖȉȣ Ȋ ȕȖȟȐ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȓțȌȐȚȤșȧ
— ǬȖȘȖȋȈ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ Ȓ ǩȖȋț"
— ǬȖȓȋȈȧ ȌȖȘȖȋȈ ǪȈȕȐȟȒȈ
— Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȉțȌțȚ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ț ǩȖȋȈ"
— ǹȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȏȈ ȌȍȕȤ ǷȘȖ ȓȐȝȐȍ Ȑ ȌȖȉȘȣȍ ȌȍȓȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ǿȍȘȕȣȔ ȒȘȣȓȖȔ ȊȍȟȕȣȔ țȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȖȟȤ țșȚȈȊȠțȦ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ǫ ȖȊȘȈȋȍ ȉȤȍȚ
Șțȟȍȑ Ȑ ȔȟȐȚ ș ȉȘȣȏȋȈȔȐ ȓȐșȚȖȟȒȐ Ȑ ȊȍȚȊȐ Ȑ ȉțȔȈȎȕȣȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐȒ ǪȈȕȐȕ
— Ǹțȟȍȑ Ȋ ȘȍȟȒț ȘȍȒȐ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȔȖȘȍ Ȋ ȖȒȐȧȕȣ șȚȍȒȈȍȚ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȑ ȚȊȖȑ ȒȖ-
ȘȈȉȓȐȒ ȌȖȗȓȣȊȍȚ ȌȖ ȌȖȔț
ǹȋȐȕțȓ Ȋ ȗȈțȚȐȕȍ șțȔȍȘȍȒ țȋȖȓ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȋȌȍ ǪȈȕȧ ȌȕȍȔ ȐȋȘȈȍȚ ǴȖȝȕȈȚȣȑ
ȔȍȌȊȍȌȤ ȖȉȠȐȚȣȑ ȔȍȝȖȔ ȚȍȚȐȕȖȑ ȔțȜȚȣ șȖȗȐȚ Ȑ șȒȘȍȉȍȚ ȗȖȓ ȓȈȗȖȑ ǹȚȘȈȠ-
ȕȖȑ Ȑ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ șȚȈȓȈ șȚȍȕȈ ȚȍȔȐ ȊșȦȌț Ȑ ȕȐȋȌȍ Ȑ ǪȈȕȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȕȕȈȧ ȋȖ-
ȘȖȠȐȕȈ ǯȈ ȖȒȕȖȔ ȓȍș șȚȈȘȣȑ ȓȍș Ȑ ȎțȚȒȐȑ ǵȧȕȧ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȟȚȖ șȖȓȕ-
Ȟȍ ȚȖȎȍ șȗȈȚȤ ȓȖȎȐȚșȧ ǶȚȚȖȋȖ Ȑ ȚȍȔȕȖ ȕȖȟȤȦ
— ǵȧȕȧ Ȉ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ"
— ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȗȘȖ ȥȚȖ ǪȐȌȍȚȤ șȖȓȕȞȍ — ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ
— Ǩ ȗȖȔȕȐȠȤ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȕȈ ȓțȋț Ȕȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȓȧȋțȠȒȐ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȣȋȈȓȐ Țȣ ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȓȈ Ȓ ȌȖȎȌȦ
— ǲ ȊȍȟȍȘț ȚȘȈȊȣ Ȑ ȓȍșȈ ȌȣȠȈȚ ȏȍȔȓȧ ȚțȔȈȕȖȔ ȒțȘȐȚșȧ ǯȈ Ȑȝ ȌȣȝȖȔ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȐȕ ȋȓȈȏ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȑ ȊȐȌȍȕ ȚȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȋȓȧȌȐȚ Ǩ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȖȕȖ ș
ȊȐȌț șȖȓȕȞȍ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ
— Ǩ ǩȖȋ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȕȧȕȧ"
— ǩȖȋ ȏȕȈȍȚ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ǪȈȕȧ
— ǰ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȊȐȌȐȚ"
— ǰ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȚȖȎȍ
— ǰ ȊșȦ ȏȍȔȓȦ"
— ǪșȦ ǪȈȕȧ ȊșȦ ȒȈȒ ȍșȚȤ ǰ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ Ȑ șȍȓȈ ȊșȦ.. ǰ ȕȈȠț Ȑ ȟțȎțȦ ǰ
ȓȍșȈ Ȑ ȏȊȍȘȤȍ Ȋ ȕȐȝ Ȑ ȗȚȐȞ Ȑ ȔȖȘȍ ȚțȘȍȞȒȖȍ Ȑ ȋȖȘȣ ȈȏȐȈȚșȒȐȍ
— Ǩ ȕȈȠ ȌȖȔ ȕȈ ǷȘȍȟȐșȚȍȕȒȍ ǩȖȋ ȏȕȈȍȚ"
— Ǫșȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȊșȦ ǴȖșȒȊț ȏȕȈȍȚ ǰ ȕȈ ǲȘȍȔȓȤ ȋȓȧȌȐȚ Ȑ ȕȈ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ șȊȖȐ ǻ ȗȘȐ-
ȚȊȖȘȈ ǵȍȟȈȧȕȕȖȑ ǸȈȌȖșȚȐ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȒȈȒ Țȣ șȊȍȟȒț ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȠȤ ȏȈ țȗȖȒȖȑ ȌțȠȐ ȗȈ-
ȗȣ
— ǲȖȋȌȈ ȕȧȕȧ"
— ǲȖȋȌȈ ǭȋȖ ȊȖȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȏȈȝȖȟȍȚ ǪȈȕȧ
— ǹȒȖȘȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ

103
— ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ
— Ǩ ȍșȓȐ ȧ ȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ǭȋȖ șȚȈȕț"
— ǴȖȓȐșȤ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ǩȖȋ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ
— Ǩ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȕȧȕȧ"
— ǴȖȓȐȚȤșȧ ȎȈȘȒȖ ȕȈȌȖ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ ȊșȍȔ ȌȖ ȒȘȈȦ ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȎȍȚ Țȍȉȍ ȋȌȍ
Ȕȣ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ ȕȈ ȓȈȊȖȟȒȍ șȐȌȍȓȐ Ȑ ȋȌȍ ȒȈȒȈȧ țȓȖȟȒȈ ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȋțȓȧȚȤ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ
Ȑ ȔȖȋȐȓȒț ȗȈȗȐȕț Ȑ ȞȍȘȒȊț ȕȈȠț
— Ǩ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ Ƕȕ ȗȖȒȈȎȍȚ"
ǹțȝȐ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ ǪȈșșȣ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȟȍȓȖ ǹ ȒȍȔ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ Ȗ ȘȖȌȐȕȍ Ȋ ȌȈȓȧȝ —
șȔțȚȕȖȑ ȋȖȘȤȒȖȑ Ȑ șȓȈȌȖșȚȕȖȑ ȌȖ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈ ǵȍ ș ȗȖșȚȣȓȖȑ Ȏȍ ȘȖȎȍȑ ȗȤȧȕȖȑ
— ǨȜȈȕȈșȐȍȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋ șȖșȍȌșȒȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ șȊȐȕȍȑ ȌȈ ȒȘȖȓȐȒȖȊ ȊȣȝȈȎȐȊȈȍȚ ǰ Ȓ ȌȍȚ-
șȒȖȔț șȍȘȌȞț ȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȖȔț Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȖȔț ȒȈȒ ȗțȝ ȚȖȗȖȓȍȑ ȞȊȍȚțȡȐȝ ȓȤȕȍȚ șȍȘȌ-
Ȟȍ Ȋ ȚȘȍȡȐȕȈȝ Ȑ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȈȝ șȚȈȘȖȍ ȚțșȒȓȖȍ, ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ șȍȌȖȍ ȗȖȏȕȈȊȠȍȍ ȕȍȗȖ-
ȗȘȈȊȐȔȖȍ
— ǪȈȕȐȟȒȈ ȘȈșȚȐ-ȊȣȘȈșȚȐ ǪȈȕȐȟȒȈ ȋȓȧȕȤ ȖȟȈȔȐ șȍȘȣȔȐ ȗȖȌȈȘȐ ȗȘȈȝ
ǪȈșșȣ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȚȈȕȍȠȤ șȕȖȊȈ ȠȈȋȈȚȤ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ Ǩȑ
ȌȍȊȒȐ ȓȦȉȐȚȤ ȉțȌțȚ Ȉȑ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ȉȍȓȣȔȐ șȊȍȘȒȕȍȚ Ȑ șȔȍȝȖȔ ȕȍ ȖȌȕȖȑ șȍȘȌȞȍ
ȗȖȌȒȖșȐȚ ǪȈȕȐȟȒȈ ȘȈșȚȐ-ȊȣȘȈșȚȐ ǪȈȕȐȟȒȈ ȘȖȌȐȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȕțȎȕȈ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȍȌȊȐȌȐȚșȧ
Ǩ ȚȘȖȕȍȚ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ ǪȈȕȧ ȘțȒȐ șȚȈȘȣȍ — ȚȖșȒȈ șȝȓȣȕȍȚ.
— ǺȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȕȧȕȧ"
— ǿȚȖ ȧșȍȕȤ"
— ǲȈȒ ǩȖȋ ȌȖȔ ȕȈȠ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȎȍȚ"
— ǹ ǵȐȔ ȝȖȌȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȑ ȗȈȔȧȚțȑ ȗȈȔȧȚțȑ ȔȖȓȐșȤ ȕȖșȐ Ȋ șȍȉȍ șȓȖȊȖ
ǭȋȖ ȊȍȟȕȖȍ
Ǫ ȖȊȘȈȋȍ ȔȟȐȚ Ȋ ȉȘȣȏȋȈȝ ȓȐșȚȖȟȒȐ Ȑ ȊȍȚȊȐ Șțȟȍȑ Ȑ țȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȘȍȒȐ Ȑ ȔȖȘȧ Ȑ
ȕȍșȍȚ ȕȈ șȍȉȍ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐȒ ǪȈȕȐȕ
— ǳȦȌșȒȐȔ ȠȈȋȖȔ ȐȌȚȐ ȏȈȒȈȏȈȕȖ ȚȘȖȗ Ȑ ȌȖȘȖȋ ȕȍȚț ǪȖȘȖȕ ȘȖȌȐȕȍ ȚȍȔȧ
ȐșȒȓȍȊȣȊȈȍȚ ... ǵȍ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȟȈș ȕȈȠ ȍȡȍ ǪȈȕȐȟȒȈ Ǩ ȊȍȘȕȍȠȤșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȌțȠȖȦ
ȟțȦ ǩțȌȍȚ ȧșȍȕȤ șȚȈȕȍȚșȧ ǴȈȓ ȍȡȍ ȗȍȠȐȑ ȕȍ ȌȖȑȌȍȠȤ ȒȖȕȕȣȔ ȕȍșȗȖȌ-
ȘțȟȕȖ ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȔȖȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ǫȖșȗȖȌȤ Țȍȉȍ ȊșȦ ȕȈȠț ȏȍȔȓȦ țȒȈȏȈȓ ǵȈ ȓțȎȒț
ȖȌțȊȈȕȟȐȒ șȖȘȊȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌțȑ ǷțȠȐȕȒȐ Ȓ ȕȍȉț Ȑ ȗȖȌȣȔțȚșȧ ǪȍȚȘȖȔ ȊȣȠȍ ȓȍșȈ
ȗȖȚȧȕțȚșȧ Ȑ țȗȓȣȊțȚ ș ȖȉȓȈȒȖȔ ǲȈȒ șȚȈȕȍȠȤ ȌțȚȤ ȔȖȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȐ ǩȖȋȈ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ Țȍȉȍ ȘȖȌȐȕț Ǩ șȌțȕȍȠȤ ȘțȟȒȖȑ țȝȊȈȚȐșȤ ȏȈ ȗțȠȐȕȒț Ȑ Ȋ ȗȍȚȍȓȤȒț
ȒțȘȚȖȟȒȐ ȗȘȖȌȍȕȤ ǰ ȗȖȕȍșȍȚ Țȍȉȧ ȊȍȚȘȖȔ Ȓ șȐȕȐȔ ȕȍȉȍșȈȔ ȗȖȌ ȋȖȘȈȔȐ ȌȈ ȕȈȌ
ȔȖȘȍȔ ȓȍșȈȔȐ
— Ǩ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ș ȊȣșȖȚȣ ȕȧȕȧ"
— Ǩ Țȣ ȕȍ ȉȖȑșȧ Ȑ ȌȍȘȎȐșȤ ȏȈ ȗțȠȐȕȒț ǲȈȒ ȗȈȘțș ȗȖȗȓȣȊȍȚ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ Ȑ țȊȐ-
ȌȐȠȤ ȊșȦ ȍȍ ǪȈȕȐȟȒȈ ǪșȦ — ȏȍȔȓȦ ȕȈȠț ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȚȤ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȏȕȈȦ ȊȖȘȖȚȐȚ-
șȧ ǲȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȗȓȣȊȍȠȤ ȗȖ ȊȖȏȌțȝț ȔȐȔȖ ȖȏȍȘ ȘȍȒ Ȋ ȒȘȈȧ ȗȖȓȕȣȍ țȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȒȈȒ
ȘȣȉȈ șȍȘȍȉȘȖȔ ȗȓȍȡȍȚșȧ ȒȈȔȣȠȐ Ȋ ȊȖȌț ȋȓȧȌȧȚșȧ ǻȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȗȖȓȍ ȘȎȈȕȖȍ
Ƿȟȍȓț țșȓȣȠȐȠȤ ǷȖȍȚ ȔȍȌ șȖȉȐȘȈȍȚ ǰ Ȋ ȓȍșț ȉȍȓȒȈ ș ȊȍȚȒȐ ȕȈ ȊȍȚȒț șȒȈȟȍȚ
ȖȘȍȝ ȋȘȣȏȍȚ ǪȕȐȏț Ȋ ȗȖȓȍ ȗȍȘȍȗȍȓȈ ȒȘȐȟȈȚ ǰ ȕȈȌ ȌȖȔȖȔ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȗȖȓȍȚȐȠȤ
ǪșȦ ȒȘȈșȖȚț ȟțȌȕțȦ țȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȗȖȓȦȉȐȠȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȈȉțȌȍȠȤ ȊȊȍȒ ǺȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȕȍ Ȋșȍȝ ǩȖȋ ȕȈ ȖȌțȊȈȕȟȐȒȍ ș șȖȉȖȑ țȕȖșȐȚ Ǻȍȝ ȒȚȖ ǭȔț ȔȖȓȐȚșȧ Țȍȝ ȒȚȖ ȖȚ

ȌȖȔȈ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȘȍȒșȧ — ȗȈȔȧȚțȑ ǪȈȕȐȟȒȈ Ȗ ǵȍȔ ȗȈȔȧȚțȑ
ǰȌțȚ ȕȈ șȍȊȍȘ ȌȈȓȤȕȐȑ ȖȉȓȈȒȈ ǺȧȕȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȕȍȉț ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȖȊ Ȋȣ-
șȖȒȖ-ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȐȌțȚ ȖȕȐ ȕȈȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ Ȓ șȚȈȘȖȔț ȌȖȉȘȖȔț ǩȖȋț Ȓ ȊȍȚȝȖȔț ȌȍȌțȠ-
Ȓȍ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ǪȈȕȐȟȒȐ ǷȘȣȋȈȍȚ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȓȈȕȤ ȉȍȓȖșȕȍȎȕȈȧ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȕȐȝ ȓȍȉȍȌȐ
ȕȍșțȚșȧ Ȋ ȓȈȏțȘȐ ȓȈȏȖȘȍȊȖȑ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍ ȍȡȍ ȊȣȠȍ ȗȓȣȊȍȚ țȝȊȈȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ȏȈ ȗțȠȐȕ-
Ȓț ȖȌțȊȈȕȟȐȒȈ ǪȈȕȧ ǷȖșȓțȠȈȓ Ȗȕ ȕȧȕȦ ȗȘȖȌȍȓ Ȋ ȗȍȚȍȓȤȒț ȒțȘȚȖȟȒȐ ȍȦ Ȋȧ-
ȏȈȕȕȖȑ ȗțȠȐȕȒț Ȑ șȔȍȍȚșȧ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ Ȑ șȐȕȐȍ ȋȓȈȊȣ ȝȘȈȔȖȊ ȊȕȐȏț —
ȊȈșȐȓȤȒȐ Ȑ ȘȖȔȈȠȒȐ
ǹȚȈȘȈȧ ǪȈșșȈ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ǩȖȋ ȍșȚȤ ǫȖșȗȖȌȤ ǪșȍȌȍȘȎȐȚȍȓȤ Ƕȕ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȘȈ-
ȌțȍȚ ǪȈȕȐȟȒț Ȋ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤ ȕȍ țȘȖȕȐȚ
ǪȈȕȐȟȒȈ ȧșȍȕȤ ȘȈșȚȐ-ȊȣȘȈșȚȐ ǯȈȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȑ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑ Ȋ șȍȘȌ-
Ȟȍ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȖȔ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȚȤ ȗȖȓȍȑ ȞȊȍȚțȡȐȝ Ȑ ȓȍșȖȊ ȕȈȠȐȝ — țȓȣȉȒț ǩȖȎȐȦ

ǾȁǿǿǸǶǳ ǯǳǴǳǻȄȉ
ǲțȒȓȣ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ Ǫ Ǵ ǳȦȉȖȡȐȕșȒȖȑ Ȑ ȝțȌ ǰ ǰ ǲȈȓȦȎȕȖȋȖ
ǺȍȒșȚ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȧ ǭȓȍȕȍȊȈ

106
ǻȚȘȖȔ ȧ ȗȖȒțȗȈȦ ȋȈȏȍȚț ț ȅȕȋȍȓȧ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȖȚȚȖȋȖ ȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȘȖȌȐȓșȧ ȧ Ȋ Ȍȍ-
ȘȍȊȕȍ ȕȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȐȏțȔȓȧȍȚ ȥȚȖ ȔȍșȚȖ Ǫ ȕȍȔ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȐȚȈȐȓȐșȤ ȟțȌȍșȈ ȝȖȚȧ
ȔȐȔȖ ȔȟȈȚșȧ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȐ Ȑ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȐ ǪȖȚ ȗȘȧȌȤ ȏȖȓȖȚȈȧ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ǫȍȑȕȍ ȊȖȚ ȚȘțȉȒȐ ȓȦȌȖȍȌȖȊ ȗȓȍȔȍȕȐ ȓȧȕȤ-ȒȊȈȕȤ Ȑ ȒȖȔȗȈș ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ǵȍ-
ȔȖ ȋȖȘȖșȒȖȗ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ ǸțȌȖȓȤȜȈ ,, ȗȖȓȍȊȈȧ ȒȕȐȎȒȈ ǹțȊȖȘȖȊȈ Ǩ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ
ț ȅȕȋȍȓȧ" ǯȌȍșȤ ȧ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓșȧ ș șȈȔȣȔ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȗȖ ȊȕȍȠȕȖșȚȐ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȑ ǭȊȘȖȗȍ — ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȖȔ ǸțȚȔȈȕȖȔ Ǵȍȕȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȋȖȘȟȈȓȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ
ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȘȖșȚȈ ȕȖ ǸțȚȔȈȕ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȍȡȍ ȕȐȎȍ ǻșȣ ȘȈșȚțȚ ț ȕȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȕȖȏ-
ȌȘȍȑ — ț ȕȍȋȖ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊțȍȚ ȊȍȘȝȕȧȧ ȋțȉȈ ǮȍȕȡȐȕȣ șȖȌȘȖȋȈȦȚșȧ ȗȘȐ ȍȋȖ ȊȐȌȍ
ȕȖ ȊȖ-ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȓȎȐȊȍȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ Ȉ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȖȞȍȕȐȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ
șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȐȍ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ
Ǫ ȉȍșȍȌȍ ș ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȖȔ ǸțȚȔȈȕȖȔ Ȕȣ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ț ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȊȒțș
ȉȍȏȌȈȘȍȕ Ǫ ȗȍȚȓȐȞȍ ȔȖȑ ȌȘțȋ ȕȖșȐȚ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȖ șȍȔȤ ȒȘțȗȕȣȝ ȋȊȖȏȌȐȒ ȅȚȖ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȐȔȊȖȓ ȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȕȐ ȌȖȗȣȚȣȊȈȓșȧ ǸțȚȔȈȕ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ Ȕȕȍ ȥȚȖȑ ȚȈȑȕȣ
ǭȋȖ ȋȈȓșȚțȒ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȗȖȝȖȎ ȕȈ ȒțșȚ ȧȘȒȖ-ȏȍȓȍȕȖȋȖ șȈȓȈȚȈ
— ȀȍȓȒ ȓȈșȒȖȊȍȑ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȑ Ȑ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȞȊȍȚ ȉțȌȐȚ ȘȈ-
ȌȖșȚȤ — ȗȖȧșȕȐȓ ǸțȚȔȈȕ
ǩȈȘȝȈȚȕȈȧ ȒțȘȚȒȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ — ȞȊȍȚȈ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȌȘȈȒȖȕȈ ȠȚȈȕȣ — țȊȧȌȠȍȑ ȋȓȐ-
ȞȐȕȐȐ
ȇ ȏȈșȚȈȓ ȍȋȖ ț ȏȍȘȒȈȓȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ șȗȍșȐȊȖ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȓȧȓ ȉȈȕȚ ȋȈȓșȚțȒȈ
— ǲȈȒȈȧ ȊȖșȝȐȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȊȣȌțȔȒȈ
— ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȌțȔȒȈ ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȧȚ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȐ ȋȐȋȈȕȚ-
șȒȐȍ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȐ ȕȈ ǳțȕȍ ȇ ȊȍȌȤ ȐȏțȟȈȦ Ȑȝ ȖȒȖȓȖ  ȓȍȚ Ǫ ȓțȕȕȣȍ șȣȘȣȍ ȕȖȟȐ
Ȗȕȍ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȓȍȚȈȦȚ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȑ ȖȚȌȣȝȈȦȚ ȕȈ șȚȈȘȣȝ ȋȕȐȦȡȐȝ șȊȈȧȝ ț ȘȍȒȐ
ǶȕȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȧȌȖȊȐȚȣ ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȈ «Endimion dormiens» țȎȈ-
ȓȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȝȊȖȘȈȓ ȗȖȓȋȖȌȈ
— ȅȚȖ țȎȈșȕȖ 
— ǬȈ ȥȚȖ țȎȈșȕȖ ȇ ȍȌȊȈ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȎȐȊ ǪȖȚ ȕȍ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȓȐ ȧ Ȑȝ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȏȐȓ ȕȈ
ȥȚȐȝ ȈȒȊȈȘȍȓȧȝ
ǵȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȗȈȗȒȍ ȔȍȘȞȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȜȖșȜȖȘ  ȐȏȊȐȊȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȉțȒȊ
«ǩȈȉȖȟȒȐ Ȑ ȜȓȖȘȈ ǳțȕȣ».
ǯȌȍșȤ Ȏȍ ȧ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ȖȉȖȐȝ ȗȘȈȊ ǽȈȘȚȈ ǹ ȔȖȕȖȒȓȍȔ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏț Ȋ ȟȍȘ-
ȕȣȝ ȗȖȚȍȘȚȣȝ ȗȍȘȟȈȚȒȈȝ ș ȉȈȔȉțȒȖȊȖȑ ȚȘȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ Ȋ șȚȈȘȖȔȖȌȕȖȔ șȦȘȚțȒȍ, ȏȈș-
ȚȍȋȕțȚȖȔ ȕȈȋȓțȝȖ ǽȈȘȚ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȍȕȍȉȘȍȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȉȖȠȍȓșȧ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ǵȈ ȔȖȑ
ȊȖȗȘȖș ȋȌȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȕȈȑȚȐ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȍ ǽȘȐșȚȐȕȣ ǷȐȏȈȕșȒȖȑ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ǽȈȘȚ ȖȚȊȍ-
ȚȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȘȖȧșȤ șȘȍȌȐ șȚȈȘȣȝ ȒȕȐȋ
— ǬȈ ȌȈ Ȋȣ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȈȊȣ ǿȍȘȚ! ȋȌȍ Ȏȍ ȥȚȈ «Revue du Droit Inter-
national»?!
Ǵȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȚȖȑȚȐ Ȉ ȋȘȈȞȐȖȏȕȈȧ ȉȓȖȕȌȐȕȒȈ, ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊ-
ȕȖ țȚȘȖȔ ȗȘȖȌȈȍȚ ȋȈȏȍȚț Ȑ ȌȈȘȐȚ Ȕȕȍ șȊȖȦ șȐȧȦȡțȦ țȓȣȉȒț ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȈ
— ǶșȚȈȊȤȚȍ ȍȋȖ ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȑ ȗȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚ ǪȐȓȤșȖȕ șȚȧ-
ȕțȓ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȓțȟȠțȦ ȐȌȍȦ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ ȐȌȍȦ Ȑ ȗȘȖȍȒȚ ǳȐȋȐ ǵȈȞȐȑ"!..
ǰ ȖȕȈ ȓțȒȈȊȖ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖȕȤȒȖ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓȈșȤ ȇ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȌȍȚșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȦ Ǫȍș-
ȕȖȦ ȚȈȒ șȔȍȦȚșȧ ȘțȟȤȐ
ǰȚȈȒ țȚȘȖȔ ȧ ȗȖȒțȗȈȦ ȋȈȏȍȚț ț ȅȕȋȍȓȧ ǰ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȧ ȖȏȈȘȍȕ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ

107
ǵȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐ ȖȏȈȉȖȟȍȕȕȖ șȌȊȐȕțȚȣȍ ȉȘȖȊȐ ȇ ȗȖȌȈȓ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ Ȍȍ-
ȕȤȋȐ
— ǪȈș ȝȖȚȧȚ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ
— Ǵȍȕȧ
— ǬȈ ǸțșșȒȐȍ ȥȔȐȋȘȈȕȚȣ ȝȖȚȧȚ ȗȘȖșȐȚȤ
— ǵȖ ȗȖȔȐȓțȑȚȍ ȧ ȊșȍȋȖ ȓȐȠȤ șȒȘȖȔȕȣȑ
— ǵȖ ȖȕȐ ȝȖȚȧȚ ȊȈș ȊȐȌȍȚȤ, Ȑ ȗȖȔȖȋȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ țȉȍȘȐȚȍ Ȑȝ ȖȚșȦȌȈ ȖȕȐ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ-
ȌȖȍȓȐ
— ǴȐȕțȚț ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȧ ȉȈȘȣȠȕȧ
ǵȈ șȖșȍȌȕȍȑ ȋȖȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȉȈȠȕȍ ȏȈȐȋȘȈȓȐ ȒțȘȈȕȚȣ Ȑ ȗȘȖȠȍȓȍșȚȍȓȖ ȒȘȣȓȖ
ȊȍȟȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȐ ǫȓțȝȖ Ȑ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȖȗȍȓȐ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓȈ ȕȖ ȚȖȘ-
ȎȍșȚȊțȧ ȘȣȟȈȓ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȑ ȇ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț ǶȏȈȘȍȕȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ țȓȣȉȈȓȐșȤ
— ȇ șȖȋȓȈșȍȕ
— Ǫȣ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȐȔ
— ǩȈȘȣȠȕȧ
ǵȖ ȖȕȈ ȊȣȘȊȈȓȈ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȓȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȇ țȊȐȌȈȓ Ȋșȍȝ Ȗ ȒȖȔ șȒȈȎț
șȍȑȟȈș ǻ ȠȒȈȜȈ ȓȍȕȐȊȖ ȗȖȏȍȊȣȊȈȧ ȟȍșȈȓ șȍȉȍ șȗȐȕț Ȗȉ ȍȋȖ țȋȖȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ
ȖȉȖȘȊȈȕȍȞ ǬȈ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȘțșșȒȐȍ ǰȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȈ ǿȚȖ ȊȈȔ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ"
— Ǩ ȥȚȖ Ȋȣ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ǵȣ ȉȍȏȘȈȉȖȚȕȣȍ șȐȌȐȔ ȏȌȍșȤ ȉȍȏ ȗȘȐȏȖȘȈ
— Ǫȣ ȊȍȌȤ ȋȈȏȍȚȟȐȒ ȕȈȗȐȠȐȚȍ Ȗ ȕȈș ǭȑ-ǩȖȋț
— ǪȍȘȕȖ
ȇ ȉȣȓ ȖȋȓțȠȍȕ
—ǪȖ-ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȧ ȕȍ ȋȈȏȍȚȟȐȒ Ȑ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȍșȚȤ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȍ țȟȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȧ
ǹȗțȚȈȊ Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȚȖȋȖ șȘȖșȠȐȍșȧ ȉȘȖȊȐ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȌȓȍȚȍȓ ȒȈȊȒȈȏȍȞ Ȋ ȟȍȘȒȍșȒȍ
— ȇ — ȒȕȧȏȤ ǩȈȠȓȣȒȠȊȐȓȐ
ǰ Ȗȕ ȔȘȈȟȕȖ țșȚȈȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
— ǶȟȍȕȤ ȘȈȌ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȒȕȧȏȤ Ȋȣ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ
— ǶȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ǵȕȍ țȗȖȓȕȖȔȖȟȐȊȈȓȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐ, ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȑ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȚȈȒ ȕȍ-
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ Ǫșȍ Ȕȣ — ȉȍȎȍȕȞȣ ȖȌȐȕ ȧ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȐȋȍȕȚȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȔȖȋț ȗȐșȈȚȤ
ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ǩȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ǽȖȚȐȔ ȋȓȈșȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ țȟȈșȚȐȍ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ǭȡȍ ȐȔȍȍȔ
ȕȈȌȍȎȌț ȕȈ ȌȖȉȘȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǷȐȠȐ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ ȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȑ
ȓȐșȚ ȊșȦ ȗȘȈȊȌț ǷȍȟȈȚȈȑ Ȋ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ ȕȈ ȎțȘȕȈȓȈȝ ǫȌȍ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ ǷțșȒȈȑ ȉȖȋȈ-
Țȣȑ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȍȚ ȉȍȌȕȣȔ ȇ — ȟȍșȚȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȐȔȍȓ ȚȘȐ ǰȖȘȋȐȧ 12 ȘȈȏ ȘȈȕȍȕ
șȈȔ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȔț ȒȕȧȏȤ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȐȟ ȕȈ ȜȘȖȕȚȍ ȌȊȈ ȘȈȏȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ șȗȈș ǵȍ
șȌȍȓȈȍȠȤ — ȒȕȧȏȤ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȖ ȗȖȋȓȈȌȐȓ ȒȐȕȎȈȓ
ȇ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ȗȉ țȓȣȉȒȍ ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȍȍ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȅȚȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȍȑ ȊșȧȒȐȝ
țȋȘȖȏ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȒȕȧȏȤ ȧ șȖȋȓȈșȍȕ
ǯȈȗȐșȣȊȈȧ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȔȖȐȝ șȖȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȈȝ-ȉȍȎȍȕȞȈȝ ȧ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȦșȤ ȒȖ
ȊșȍȔ ȘțșșȒȐȔ ȌȖȉȘȣȔ ȓȦȌȧȔ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȍ ȌȍȓȖ
1) ǪȣȗȐșȈȚȤ Ȑȝ Ȑȏ ǷȘȈȋȐ ȌȖ ȗȘȐȐșȒȈȕȐȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ǻșȓȖȊȐȧ ȐȔȍȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȘȍȌȈȒ-
ȞȐȐ Ȑ
2) ǹȗȈșȚȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȍȔ șȈȔȣȔ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȒȕȧȏȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȘȍȎȍȚ Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȧ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȇ ȎȐȓ
ȕȈ ǲȈȊȒȈȏȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȍȋȖ ȖȉȣȟȈȐ Ȑ ȚȖȚ ȗȤȧȕȣȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȟȚȖ ș ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȧȍȚ

108
ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȋȖȘȕȣȔ ȎȐȚȍȓȧȔ
Ǭȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȓȍȋȟȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȏȈȌȈȟȍ ȧ ȏȈȗȐșȈȓ
Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓȐ Ȗ șȍȉȍ ȔȖȐ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ
, ǴǰǺȄǲǨ ǬǻǬǲǰǵ
— ǸȖȌȐȓȐșȤ Ȕȣ ȕȈ ȖȏȍȘȍ ǲȍȏȌȘȍ ȉȘȈȚ țȚȖȗ Ȉ ȧ șȗȈșșȧ ǲȈȔȣȠț Ȑ ȘȈȒȐȚ-
ȕȐȒȈ ț ȕȈș ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤ ǺȈȒ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȓȐ șȣȏȔȈȓȤșȚȊȈ Ȓ ȚȈȒȖȔț Ȍȍȓț ȧ ȗȘȐșȚȘȈ-
șȚȐȓșȧ ȊȣȘȍȎț Ȑȏ ȘȈȒȐȚȕȐȒȈ șȖȗȐȓȒț ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒțșȚ ȗȖ Ȋȍșȕȍ ȋȖȕȐȚ șȖȒ șȓȈȌȒȐȑ
ȊȣȘȍȎț Ȑ ȊȖȚ ȒȈȒ ȓȦȉȐȓ șȊȐșȚȈȚȤ ǴȧȚȖȑ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț Ȓ ȊȍȟȍȘț ȗȈȝȕȍȚ ȌțȠȈ
ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖșȐȚ ȗȖȎȈȓțȍȠȤșȧ — ȓȍȋȟȍ Ǫ ȗȖȓȌȍȕȤ ȟȈȑȒȈ ȒȘȣȓȖȔ ȉȍȓȣȔ ȓȈȏțȘȤ
ȗȘȖȘȊȍȚ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȌȘțȋȈ ȒȓȐȒȕȍȚ — ȗȖȌȘȈȎȈȚȤ Ȑ ȥȚȖȔț ȔȖȋ ǪȖȚ
Ǩ ț ȖȏȍȘȈ ȎȐȓ ȉȈȘȐȕ ȉȈ-ȈȓȤȠȖȑ ȉȈȘȐȕ ǶȟȍȕȤ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȊșȧȒȐȍ țȚȍȝȐ Ȑ ȉȈ-
ȘȣȠȍȕȤ ȉȈȓȖȊȈȓ ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑȝ ȉȣȓȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ — Ȋșȍ Ȕȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȌȐȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ǷȘȐȍ-
ȌțȚ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ — Ȋșȍ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȣ Ǫ ȕȈȘȧȌȈȝ Ȋ ȗȘȐȟțȌȈȝ ǶȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȔȕȦ ǵȈ ȓȖȌ-
ȒȈȝ ȒȈȚȈȓ ȧ Ȑȝ ǳȦȉȐȓ ȠțȔ ȉȈȘȐȕ Ȑ ȥȚȐȝ ȉȈȘȣȠȍȕȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ǻ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ
ȏȈȓ ȐȔȍȓ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ — Ȍȓȧ ȗȓȧșȖȊ ǴțȏȣȒȈ ȕȖȟȤ ȋȘȍȔȐȚ Ȋșȍ ȒȘțȎȈȚșȧ ȋȖșȚȐ Ȉ
ȉȈȘȐȕ ȎȐȊȍȑ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȖșȐȚșȧ ȊȍȚȘȖȔ Ǩ ȗȖșȓȍ — ȗȐȘ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ǹȚȈȘȈȧ ȉȈȘȣȕȧ
— șȚȘȖȋȈȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȚ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȠțȔȈ țȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ ȔȖȓȐȓȈșȤ ț șȍȉȧ ǬȖȔ ȌȓȐȕ-
ȕȣȑ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȚȈȔ ț ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ǵȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȐȓȈșȤ ǲȈȒȖȑ șȋȖȊȖȘ
ȔȍȎ ȕȐȔȐ ȉȣȓ, ȟȚȖ ȓȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ ȉȈȘȐȕȖȊȈ ȔȈȚȤ ǬțȠȖȑ ȗȖ-
ȌȖȘȊȈȓșȧ ȉȈȘȐȕ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȦ Ǩ ȗȖțȚȘț — ȝȔȍȓȤȕȣȍ Ȋșȍ ǩȈȘȣȠȕȐ ȊȐȏȎȈȚ ȅȝ
ǭȡȍ ȕȈ ȚȘȖȑȒȍ ȓȦȉȐȓ șȒȈȒȈȚȤ ȉȈȘȐȕ ǹȚȈȕȍȚ Ȋ ȒȖȓȧșȒȍ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȈȝ ȍȓȍ ȌȍȘȎȐȚșȧ
ȒȈȒ ȗȍȘȍȚȧȕȍȚ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ǩ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȊȌȖȋȖȕȒț ȋȖșȚȐ
— ǷȍȘȍȋȖȕȦ — ȒȘȐȟȐȚ ȉȈȘȐȕ
Ǩ ȕȈ ȗȖȌțȠȒȈȝ Ȋ ȒȖȓȧșȒȍ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȊȌȘȣȏȋ ȗȤȧȕȈȧ Ȑ ȝȖȝȖȟȍȚ — ȍȋȖ șȈȔȈȧ ȓȦ-
ȉȐȔȈȧ ǻȝ Ȑ ȒȖȠȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ǪȖȏȌțȝ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȓȖȊȐȚ ȏȈȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ
— ǲȖȋȖ ȖȗȍȘȍȌȐȠȤ"!
— ǪȍȚȍȘ ǪȍȚȍȘ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȕȦ — ȒȘȐȟȐȚ ȉȈȘȐȕ
ǰ ȉțȌȚȖ ȕȍ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ țȔȍ ȗȘȈȊȖ ǩȘȖșȐȚ ȊȖȎȎȐ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ ȘȖȎȤ ȔȕțȚ ȖȚȌȣ-
ȠȈȚȤșȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ǩȘȖșȐȚ ȉȈȘȐȕ ȊȖȎȎȐ Ȑ șȊȈȓȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȌțȠȒȐ Ǩ ȚțȚ ȋȖșȚȐ ȗȖȌ-
șȒȈȟțȚ
— ǵȈ ǲȍȏȌȘț ȒțȗȈȚȤșȧ ǶșȊȍȎȐȚȤșȧ
ȅȝ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈȗȈȓȐȓȐ Ǫșȍ ȚȈȚȈȘȣ ȠȈȚȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȔȧșȖ ȗȖȒțȗȈȓȐ
ǵȈ ȖȏȍȘȍ ȧ ȉȈȘȐȕȈ Ȑ ȗȖȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ ǽȖȘȖȕȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȒȈȔȣȠȖȔ Ȑ ȊȐȎț Ȋșȍ ȒȈȒ
ȍșȚȤ ǩȈȘȣȠȕȧ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȐȝ ȒțȗȈȍȚșȧ ǩȍȓȖ ȚȍȓȖ — șȈȝȈȘ ǰȌȍȚ ȗȖ ȗȍ-
șȒț ȠȈȚȈȍȚ ȍȍ ȝȔȍȓȤ ȊȖȠȓȈ ȗȖ ȋȖȘȓȖ Ȑ ȗȖȗȓȣȓȈ Ȉ ȗȖșȓȍ ȋȓȧȎț ȒȈȒ ȝȓȍȉȕȍȚ
ȊȖȌȣ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȋȖȓȖșȐȚ ǵț ȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȌȈȓȨȒȖ ǷȖȌȗȓȣȓ ȌȈ ȏȈ ȒȖșț ǶȕȈ Ȋ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȞȍȗȐȓȈșȤ ȊȐȎț — ȚȖȕȍȚ ȇ ȍȍ ȗȖ ȚȍȔȍȕȐ ȓȍȋȖȕȤȒȖ ȒțȓȈȒȖȔ ȚȘȍșȕțȓ —
ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȚȖȠȓȈ
ǩȈȘȐȕ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ Ȓ șȍȉȍ
— Ǻȣ șȗȈș"!
— ȇ ȉȈȘȐȕ

109
— ǲȈȒ ȏȊȈȚȤ"
— ǴȐȚȤȒȈ Ǩ ȏȈ ȗȖȧșȒȖȔ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȌțȌȒȈ
— ǲȖ Ȕȕȍ — ȝȖȟȍȠȤ" ǴțȏȣȒȈȕȚȖȔ șȌȍȓȈȦ
ǵț Ȑ ȕȈțȟȐȓșȧ ȧ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȊșȧȒȐȔ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȈȔ ǲȈȒ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ Ȓ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȔț Ȕț-
ȏȣȒȈȕȚț șȊȖȍȔț
— ǪȖȚ ǬțȌȒȐȕȈ Țȍȉȍ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ
ǺȈȒ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȧ ǬțȌȒȐȕȣȔ ȝȖȚȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȈ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȍ ȐȋȘȈȓ Ȑ ȕȈ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȐ
ǯȈȉȘȈȎȕȐȟȈȓ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȉȈȘȐȕ ǷȖȌ țȚȘȖ — ȒȈȚȈȚȤșȧ ǲȘȐȟȈȓ
— ǹȈȔ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȍȌț
ǪȣȊȍȓȐ ȚȘȖȑȒț
— ǷȘȖȟȤ — ȒȘȐȟȐȚ ȕȈ ȉȈȘȣȠȍȕȤ
ǰ ȗȖȒȈȚȐȓ ǷȖȕȍșȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ ǰșȗțȋȈȓȐșȤ ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ ǵȍșȓȐ șȗȍȘȊȈ ȗȖ ȌȖ-
ȘȖȋȍ ȗȖșȓȍ Ȓ ȖȉȘȣȊț ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȌ ȖȏȍȘȖȔ ǫȖȕȐȚ ȉȈȘȐȕ Ȉ ȗȖșȓȍ ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ
ȖȗȐȊȠȐșȤ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ ȉȣȓ șȗȖȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ǺțȌȈ-șȦȌȈ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȊȖȎȎȈȔȐ
ȘȊȍȚ — ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ǩ ȌȖ ȖȉȘȣȊȈ șȈȎȍȕȤ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ Ƿȍ-
ȘȍȒȘȍșȚȐȓșȧ ȉȈȘȐȕ ȌȈ ȊȖȕ ǳȖȠȈȌȐ ȒȈȒ ȔȟȈȓȐ ȚȈȒ Ȑ șȐȋȈȕțȓȐ Ȋ ȖȉȘȣȊ ǩȈȘȐȕ
ȕȈ ȖȚȒȖș țȗȈȓ ǷȖȌȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȒțșȚ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ ȈȓȤ ȊȖȎȎȈ ȏȈȞȍȗȐȓȈ Ȉ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ — ȕȈ-
ȊȏȕȐȟȤ
ǷȘȐȕȍșȓȐ ȌȖȔȖȑ ǹȚȈȘȈȧ ȉȈȘȣȕȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȟȈș ȒȈȒȖȑ ȏȖȊȍȚ ǹțȝȈȧ Ȑ șȚȘȖȋȈȧ
ǫȓȈȏȈ ȗȓȈȟțȚ Ȉ ȓȐȞȖ ȒȈȒ șțȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȍȑ ȉțȌȚȖ șȊȍȓȖ
— ǰȌȐ ǴȐȚȧ ș ȉȈȘȐȕȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȐșȤ
ǺȈȒ Ȑ ȗȖȔȍȘ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȓ ȊȍȟȍȘț
ǷȘȐșȒȈȒȈȓ ȉȘȈȚ ȉȈȘȐȕȈ ǫțȉȍȘȕȈȚȖȘȖȔ ȉȣȓ
— ǿȚȖȉȣ Ȍțȝț ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ — ȒȘȐȟȐȚ ȕȈ ȋȖșȚȍȑ ǵț Ȑ ȔțȏȣȒȈȕȚȣ ȗȖȚȧ-
ȕțȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ ǰ ȧ ȚȖȎȍ Ǫ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȧ ȕȈ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȐ ȓȐȝȖ ȐȋȘȈȓ Ǫ ǴȖșȒȊȍ Ȕȕȍ
Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ
— Ǩ ǷȍȚȘȈ ǵȍȊșȒȖȋȖ șȓȣȝȈȓ"
— ǵȍȚ — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ
— ǺȖ-ȚȖ
ȇ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȠȍȓ șȓțȠȈȚȤ Ǫșȍ ȉȣ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ Ȑ ȔȍȌȈȓȧȔ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȊȐȌȖȊȈȓ Ȉ ȊȖȚ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȈ ȊȍȡȤ Ȕȍȕȧ țȡȍȔȐȓȈ ǫȈȘȔȖȕȤ ȉȣȓȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȗȘȖȟȐȝ, ȔȈȝȖȕȤ-
ȒȈȧ Ȋ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ țȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ǰ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ ȗȖȓȤȒț Ȗȕ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȣȊȈȓ ȇ Ȓ
ȕȍȔț ȗȘȖȉȘȈȓșȧ
— ǪȖȏȤȔȐȚȍ — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ — ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǵȍȊșȒȐȑ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȋ ȖȉțȟȍȕȐȍ
— ǰȋȘȈȍȠȤ"
— ǰȋȘȈȦ — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ
— Ǩ ȕț-ȒȈ ȗȖȒȈȎȐ
ȇ șȘȖȉȍȓ Ȉ ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ǯȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǵȍȊșȒȐȑ
— ǪȖȚ ȟȚȖ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ — ǴȐȚȧ ǹȚțȗȈȑ ș ǩȖȋȖȔ ȇ Ȋșȍ ȗȖ ȏȈȋȘȈȕȐȞȈȔ ȕȣȕ-
ȟȍ ȍȏȎț Ȉ Țȣ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȐȋȘȈȍȠȤ ǹȚțȗȈȑ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȑ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȉ ȧ
Ȋ Ǫȍȕț ȏȊȈȕ ǨȊȖșȤ ȒțșȖȒ ȝȓȍȉȈ ȕȍ ȖȚȖȉȤȍȔ ȌȘțȋ ț ȌȘțȎȒȐ
ǺȈȒ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌȖȊȍȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȖȉțȟȐȚȤșȧ ț ȕȍȋȖ ǫȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȖȔȍȘ ȚȖȎȍ țȎȍ
ǴȈȓȖ ȕȣȕȟȍ ȒȚȖ ȕȈ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȐ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ țȔȍȍȚ ȕț Ȉ ȔȕȖȑ ȍȡȍ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣ
ǷȖȏȖȊȍȚȍ ȒțȌȈ — ș ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ ǷȍșȕȐ ȘțșșȒȐȍ ȗȖȔȕȐȔ

111
II ǪǨǹȇ — ǩǶǫǶǪǨ ǶȀǰǩǲǨ
— ǸȣȉȈȓȐȓ ȧ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȖȌȖȊ Ȕȕȍ" ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ǲȈȎȐșȤ, ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ǹ ǷȍȚȤȒȖȑ
ǲȈȓȈȠȕȐȒȖȊȣȔ ȧȓȐȒ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȐ Ȕȣ Ȋ ǨȓțȠȚȈȝ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȊȍșȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ǵȐȒȖ-
ȓȈȍȊȍ ǷȘȐșțȌȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȚȍȚȒț ȏȈȘȍȏȈȓ Ǩ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ Ȗȕ Ȉ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ ǹȍȘȋȍȐȟ ǩȣȓ
ȚȈȒȖȑ ȚȈȔ ȚȈȚȈȘȐȕ ǺȈȒ ȗȘȖȏȊȈȓȐ ǲȖȕȚȘȈȉȈȕȡȐȒ ȉȣȓ Ƕȕ Ȑ ȏȈȘȍȏȈȓ ȖȗȖșȓȧ
țȏȕȈȓȐ
ǪȍșȕȖȑ ȒȈȔșț ȏȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȘȈȓȐ ǵȈȠȍ ȌȍȓȖ șȣȘȖȍ Ǫ ȔȖȘȍ ȊȣȑȌȍȠȤ Ȉ Țȍȉȍ
ȊȍȚȍȘ ȉȘȣȏȋȖȑ ȏȈșȣȗȈȍȚ ȊȖȓȕȖȑ ȒȘȖȍȚ ǪȖȌȈ ȚȖȎȍ șȈȔȐ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȎȋțȟȈȧ ǹȖȓȐ
Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȔȕȖȋȖ ǵț ȊȖȚ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȉȍȏ ȊȖȌȒȐ Ȑ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȕȈȠȍȔț ȉȘȈȚț ǵȍ Ȋȣ-
ȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ǪȖȕ ǨȜȈȕȈșȐȑ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ ȕȈșȔȍȠȒț șȚȘȖȐȚ
— Ǫȣ — ȉȖșȖȚȈ ǵȍ șȍȍȚȍ ǫȖȓȣȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ǩȖȎȤȦ Șȣȉț ȉȍȘȍȚȍ
Ǵȣ-ȚȖ ȕȍ șȍȍȔ Ǩ ȊȖȚ ȒȈȒ ȎȐȊȖȘȐȕȣ ș ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȏȈȉȍȋțȚ ȏȈȒȘțȚȧȚ Ȉ ȧȓȐȒ
ȏȈșȒȘȐȗȐȚ ȊȖȚ — ȗȍȘȍȓȖȔȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȏȣȉȐ — Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȏȈȒȈȍȠȤșȧ ȘȣȉȈȓȐȚȤ ǳțȟ-
Ƞȍ ȗȍșȖȒ ș ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȉțȌȍȔ șȍȧȚȤ ǪȏȖȑȌȍȚ — ȓȈȌȕȖ ǵȍ ȊȏȖȑȌȍȚ — Ȋșȍ ȖȌȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȌȣȝȈȚȤ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋȣ ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȐȠȐȚȍ ȕȍȚ țȌȈȟȐ Ȕȕȍ ǪȣȗȤȦ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȖȚ Țȍȉȍ
ȖȕȈ ȘȧȌȖȔ — țȌȈȟȈ Ȉ ȊȏȧȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț
ǷȍȚȤȒȈ, ȚȖȚ ȜȈȘȚȖȊȣȑ ȉȣȓ ǵȈ ȚȖȔ șțȌȤȉȈ ȍȋȖ Ȑ șȗȖȑȔȈȓȈ ǲȈȒ ȗȖȏȣȘȍȚ
țȚȘȍȟȒȖȔ ȊȊȍȘȝ
— ǪȈșȧ ȕȐȏȖȊȖȑ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȏȈȌțȍȚ ǿțȓȈȘȒț ȉȘȈȚȤ ȗȖȑȌȍȔ ȕȈȔȨȚȣ șȗȘȈȊȤ
ǰ ȊȍȘȕȖ Ȓ ȊȍȟȍȘț ȕȐȏȖȊȖȑ ș țȡȍȓȤȧ ȗȖȚȧȕȍȚ ǵȈȔȨȚ ȚȧȕȍȠȤ — șȊȐȕȞț ȉțȌ-
ȚȖ ȗțȌ ǰ ȚȘȍȗȣȝȈȍȚșȧ ȖȕȈ șȒȓȐȏȒȈȧ Ȗȉ ȌȕȖ ȧȡȐȒȈ ȝȊȖșȚȖȔ ȗȓȍȡȍȚ ǽȖȘȖȠȐȑ
ȉȣȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȏȈȌȈȘȖȔ ȗȘȖȗȈȓ Ǵȍȕȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȎȈȓȍȓ «ǩȖȋȖȊȖȑ ȖȠȐȉȒȖȑ» ȏȊȈȓ
ǶȟȍȕȤ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȧ șȒțȟȈȦ ȏȈ ȊȖȌȒȖȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ǯȌȍșȤ" ǯȌȍșȤ ȘȖȔ ȍșȚȤ ǬȈ
ȧȌȖȊȐȚȣȑ Ȗȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȑȏ țȋȓȧ ȍȋȖ ȊȣȋȖȕȧȦȚ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȗȖȘȚȐȚ ǵț Ȉ ȘȣȉȈȓȐȚȤ
ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦȚ ǬȈ Ȑ ȋȌȍ Ȏȍ ȘȍȒȈ ȕȍ ȘȍȒȈ ȚȈȒ Ȍȓȧ ȉȓȍȏȐȘț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ǪȖȚ ȉțȌ-
ȚȖ ȋȌȍ ȥȚȖ ȟȐȚȈȓ ȒȕȧȏȤ Ȋ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ ǴȈȒșȐȔ ǫȖȘȤȒȖȊ ȎȐȊȍȚ ǲ ȕȍȔț ȝȖȟț ȗȘȖ-
șȐȚȤșȧ Ƕȕ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȉȘȈȚȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȓȦȉȐȚ ǴȖȋț ȍȔț ȚȈȔ ȧȓȐȒ șȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ Ǫȣ ȉȣ
ȍȔț ȕȈȗȐșȈȓȐ ȇ ȊȍȌȤ Ȑ ȏȈ ȝȈȘȟ ȗȖȑȌț ǵȈȒȈȎȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ǫȖșȗȖȌȤ
III ǷǸǨǹǲǶǪȄȇ ǼǭǬǶǸǶǪǵǨ ǷǻȀǲǨǸǭǪǨ
ǺȈȒ ȚȈȒ ǲȈȒ șȚȈȓȖșȤ" Ǩȝ ǲȖȓȍȕȤȒȈ Ȋșȍ ș ȥȚȖȋȖ ȖȎȍȘȍȓȤȧ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȠȓȖ
Ǫșȍ ș ȕȍȋȖ ȌȘțȎȖȒ ǻȎ ȧ-ȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȧ-ȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ ǲȈȉȣ ȏȕȈȓȈ Ȋ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȤ
țȠȓȈ ȉȣ ǹȒȈȏȈȕȖ ȔțȌȘȣȔȐ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ ȎȍȔȟțȋ șȓȍȏȣ ȋȖȘȤȒȐȍ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȚ ǺȈȒ
ȖȕȖ Ȑ ȊȣȠȓȖ ǯȈ ȟȚȖ ǫȖșȗȖȌȤ ǩȖȋ ȗȖȒȈȘȈȓ, ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȦ Ȋ ȚȖȓȒ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȤȔț ǵȈ
ǩȈȉȤȍȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȔ ȎȐȓȐ Ȕȣ Ȋ ǯȈȔȖșȒȊȖȘȍȟȤȐ ǯȕȈȍȠȤ ȟȈȑ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȍȎȍȓȐ Ȋ
ǴȖșȒȊȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȠȤ ȘȖș
ǴȖșȒȊȈ-ȘȍȒȈ Ȓ ȊȍȟȍȘț — ȗȖȔȕȐȠȤ"!. ǲ ǵȍșȒțȟȕȖȔț ȐȓȐ Ȋ ǴȈȔȖȕȖȊșȒȐȑ ȕȈ
ȓȖȌȒȍ ȗȖȌȗȓȣȊȍȠȤ Ǩ ș ȖȉȘȣȊȈ Ȋșȧ Țȍȉȍ ǴȖșȒȊȈ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȓȈȌȖȠȒȍ ȊȐȌȕȈ ǰ ȝȘȈȔ
ǹȗȈșȐȚȍȓȧ Ȋ ȌȣȔț ȚȖȕȍȚ ǲțȗȖȓ ȔȍȘȞȈȍȚ Ǩ ǲȘȍȔȓȤ ǸȖȌȐȔȣȑ ǲȈȒ ȗȖȌțȔȈȦ —
șȖȕ, ȟȚȖ ȓȐ"! Ǫ ǲȘȍȔȓȍ ȘȈȏȉȖȑȕȐȒ șȐȌȐȚ Ȑ ȗȘȈȊȐȚ ǸțșȤȦ ȗȘȈȊȐȚ Ǩ"! ǹȖȊȍșȚȐ Ȋ

112
ȘțșșȒȖȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȍ ȔȈȓȖ șȖȊȍșȚȐ ȔȈȓȖ ǯȓȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȐȔ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȔ
ȏȈȉȣȊȟȐȊȣ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ
ǪȖȚ-ȊȖȚ ȇ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ș ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȖșȤ ș ȖȎȍȘȍȓȤȧ ǪȍȕȟȈȓȐșȤ Ȕȣ ș ȗȖ-
ȒȖȑȕȣȔ ȔȖȐȔ șțȗȘțȋȖȔ ǼȍȌȖȘ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟȍȔ ȒțȗȞȖȔ -Ȗȑ ȋȐȓȤȌȐȐ Ȋ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ
ǸȖȎȌȍșȚȊȈ ǷȘȍșȊȧȚȣȍ ǩȖȋȖȘȖȌȐȞȣ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȇȒȐȔȈȕȒȍ ǮȐȓȐ șȓȈȊȕȖ ȕȖ ȌȍȚȍȑ
ǩȖȋ ȕȍ ȗȖșȓȈȓ ǷȖȒȖȑȕȣȑ ȕȈ ǬȍȓȖȊȖȔ ǬȊȖȘȍ ȔțȒȖȑ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȈȓ ǶȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ șȒȓȈȌ
ȐȔȍȓ ǲȍȕȈȘȍȍȒ ȓȦȉȐȓ Ȉ ȗțȡȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȉȍȋȈ ǹ șȖȉȖȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȖȏȐȓ ǰ ȒȈȒ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ
ȏȕȈȓ ǴȈȕȚȈȠȍȊșȒȐȍ ǺȍȓȍȋȐȕșȒȐȍ ȀȈȗȠȈȓȈ — Ȋșȍ ȕȈȗȍȘȍȟȍȚ ǰ ș ȕȈȍȏȌȕȐ-
ȒȈȔȐ ȌȘțȎȐȓ Ȉ ȕȈȍȏȌȕȐȒȐ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓțȟȠȍ Ȋșȍ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ ǲȍȚȖȕȈ ȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈ-
ȓȈ ȊȖȚ ǸȈȑȔȍȘ ȕȍ ȚȖ ǸȍȑȔȍȘ țȎ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȦ ȚȖȟȕȖ Ȋ ǷȍȚȘȖȊșȒȖȔ ȌȈȟț ȌȈȎȍ
șȊȖȦ ȐȔȍȓ Ǭȍȕȍȋ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȗȖȗȓȣȓȖ ǯȈȚȖ ȎȐȏȕȤ-ȚȖ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȉȣȓȈ ǸȈȏȊȍ ȏȌȍșȤ
ȎȐȚȤ țȔȍȦȚ"! ǬȈ ȌȈ Ȋșȍ șȉȐȊȈȦșȤ ǺȈȒ ȊȖȚ ȖȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȉȣȓȖ ǲȖ ȌȕȦ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ
ǼȍȌȖȘ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ ȏȈ ȋȖȌ Ȉ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȏȈ ȌȊȈ ȌȖ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȗȘȍȗȖȌȕȍș Ǫșȍ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ș ǲȈ-
ȓțȎșȒȖȑ ȏȈșȚȈȊȣ șȒȖȗȍȞ ȖȌȐȕ ȗȖȊȈȌȐȓșȧ ǺȖ ȐȒȖȕț șȚȈȘȐȕȕțȦ ȐȕȖȑ ȘȈȏ șȚȘȖ-
ȋȈȕȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȗȘȐȕȍșȍȚ ȚȖ ȒȐȊȖȚ ȒȈȒȖȑ Ƕȕ-ȚȖ Ȑ șȊȍȓ ȍȋȖ ș ȒȍȔ-ȚȖ ǶȌ-
ȕȐȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ țȚȘȖȔ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ șȍȘȌȍȟȕȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȕȍȊȍș-
Țț ȚȈȒ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȖȔȕȦ ǰ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ
— ǵț ǷȘȈșȒȖȊȤȦȠȒȈ ȌȈȑ ǩȖȋ Țȍȉȍ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȧ Ȑ ȌȈ ȝȘȈȕȧȚ Țȍȉȧ ȍȋȖ Ǩȕȋȍȓȣ
șȊȧȚȣȍ Ȉ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȐȔȐ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȖȌȈȘȖȒ Ȑ ȕȖșȐ ȕȈ șȟȈșȚȤȍ
ǶȚȒȘȣȓ Ȗȕ șȒȓȈȌȍȕȤ ȉȍȓȣȑ Ȉ ȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȈȝȕțȓȈ ǮȍȔȟțȋ ȟȚȖ ȖȘȍȝ ȓȍșȕȖȑ ǰ
ȖȌȐȕ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȎȍȔȟțȋ ȒȘȈȠȍ ǹȓȖȊȕȖ ȘȈȌțȋȈ Ȋ ȔȖȓȖȒȍ ȒțȗȈȍȚșȧ ȐȋȘȈȍȚ ǯȈ-
ȊȐșȚȐ ȏȈȊȐșȚȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȀȐȗȍȓȐ ǶȟȍȕȤ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȍȋȖ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȍ ǿȚȖ
ȉȍȏȌȍȚȕȈȧ, ȗȖȗȘȍȒȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȘȌȣȕȧ ȉțȌȚȖ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ǯȈȊȐȌȖȊȈȓȐ ǹȚȘȈșȚȤ ȒȈȒ
ǵȈȒȓȐȒȈȓȐ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȉȍȌț ǶșȚțȌȐȓșȧ ȟȍȋȖȑ-ȚȖ ǼȍȌȖȘ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ ȕȈ ǪȍȘȉȍ Ȋ ȗȖș-
ȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ș ȕȐȔ Ȓ ǷȍȚȘȖȊșȒȖȔț ȒȈȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȊȍȟȍȘț șȓȍȋ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊșȚȈȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ
ǹȋȖȘȍȓ Ȋ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȊȖȓȐ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ǺțȚ ȖȕȖ Ȑ ȗȖȠȓȖ Ǫșȍ ȗȖ ȏȈȒȖ-
ȕț ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȓȐ ǬțȔȈȓȈ Ȓ șȍșȚȘȍ țȍȝȈȚȤ ǷȖȠȓȐ ȕȈ ǰȓȤȐȕȒț ȎȍȔȟțȋȈ șȊȖȐ ȗȘȖ-
ȌȈȊȈȚȤ Ǩ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ șȈȔ ǷȍȚȘȖȊ Ȑ șȔȍȍȚșȧ
— ǬȈ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ǷȘȈșȒȖȊȤȧ ǼȍȌȖȘȖȊȕȈ ȠțȚȐȚȤ ȘȍȠȐȓȐșȤ ǮȍȔȟțȋ-ȚȖ ȗȖȌ-
ȌȍȓȤȕȣȑ
Ǩȝ ǲȖȓȍȕȤȒȈ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȍȘȍȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȌțȔȈȓȈ — ǩȖȋ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ
ȖȌȐȕ ȏȕȈȍȚ ǵț ȘȍȠȈȦ ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȌȌȍȓȤȕȣȑ Ȉ ȗȈȔȧȚȤȦ Ȗ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȔ ȔțȎȍ Ȋșȍ
Ȏȍ ȉțȌȍȚ Ǩ ȚțȚ ȥȚȐ ȖȒȈȧȕȕȣȍ șȚȈȌȖ șȊȐȕȖȍ ȗȖȌȖșȗȍȓȐ ǸȈȏȋȘȖȔȐȓȐ ǴȖșȒȊț-
ȋȖȓțȉȒț ǲȖȋȖ țȉȐȓȐ ȒȖȋȖ ȗó ȔȐȘț ȗțșȚȐȓȐ ǹȖȜȘȖȕȖȊȈ ȌȖȟȤ ȔȍȕȤȠțȦ ǳȈȌ-
ȕȖ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȉȐȓȈșȤ ǿțȓȒȐ Țȍȗȓȣȍ ȊȧȏȈȓȈ ǹȚȍȎȒȈ ȏȈ șȚȍȎȒȖȑ — ȋȓȧȕȍȠȤ, Ȑ ȌȍȕȤ
ȗȘȖȟȤ Ǩ ȗȖșȓȍ Ȑ ȌȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ǶȉȣșȒ țȟȐȕȐȓȐ — ȕȐȒȈȒ, ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȗȖȌȔȍȚ-
ȕȖȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǶȎȍȘȍȓȤȍ ȕȈȠȓȐ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȏȓȖȌȍȑȒț ȒȈȒțȦ ȏȈȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȓȐ ǹȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤ
ȐȝȕȐȑ ȌȖȗȣȚȣȊȈȍȚșȧ — Ȓ ȟȍȔț ȧ ȎȍȔȟțȋȈ ȚȈȐȓȈ
— ǲȈȒ ȚȈȐȓȈ ǬȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȌȍȓȤȕȣȑ — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ
— ǽȈ ȝȈ — ȘȎȍȚ — ǵȈș ȝȐȚȘȖșȚȤȦ ȥȚȖȑ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȈȧ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȤȔȍȚȍ
— ǬȈ Ȋȣ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȈ șȗȘȖșȐȚȍ
— ǲȈȒȖȋȖ ȍȡȍ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȈ"
— ǬȈ ȕȈ ǰȓȤȐȕȒȍ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȈȓ ȕȈȠ ȒțȗȍȞ ȏȈȔȖșȒȊȖȘȍȞȒȐȑ Ȗȕ Ȋșȍ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ
ȖȎȍȘȍȓȤȐ ȊȈȔ șȒȈȎȍȚ
— ǳȈȌȕȖ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ — țȏȕȈȍȔ Ǩ ȒȖȓȐ ȓȎȍȚȍ — ȝțȎȍ ȉțȌȍȚ

113
ǶȗȧȚȤ Ȓ ȌȖȗȘȖșț ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȍ
— ǫȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ ȗȘȈȊȌț ȕȍ ȚȖ șȒȊȍȘȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ț ȊȈș ȗȓȍȔȧȕȕȐȒ ț ȉȍȓȣȝ șȓțȎȐȚ
Ȋȣ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȐ
— ǺȤȜț! — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ — Ǫȣ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȈ șȗȘȖșȐȚȍ
— ǷȍȚȘȖȊ ȊȈȠ țȔ ȕȈ șȚȈȘȖșȚȐ ȓȍȚ ȓȍȟȐȚ
ǷȖșȓȍ țȏȕȈȓȈ țȔȖȔ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȖȘȍȠȐȓșȧ ǵț ȖȚșȐȌȍȓȈ ȊȖȠȤ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ țȏȕȈ-
ȓȈ ȎȔȣȝȖȑ șȒȖȚ ț ȕȈș ȓțȟȠȍȑ ȒȖȘȔȐȓȐ Ǫ ǸȖșȚȖȊȍ-ȕȈ-ǬȖȕț ȉȘȈȚȍȞ ȔȍȓȤȕȐȞț
ȐȔȍȓ ǲ ȕȍȔț ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȘȖȉȘȈȓȈșȤ Ȉ ȗȖșȓȍ Ȑ ȔȖȘȍ țȊȐȌȈȚȤ ȌȖȊȍȓȖșȤ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȖȕȖ țȎ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ — șȍȘȌȞȍ ȗțȋȈȍȚ Ȑ ȚȖȠȕȐȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍ Ǩ ȍȡȍ Ȗ șȒȖȗȞȍ
ȗȖȊȍȌȈȚȤ ȏȈȉȣȓȈ. ǵț ȕț Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȘȈȏ ȓȈȌȕȖ ȔȐȓȣȑ ǺȈȒ ȊȖȚ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȏȈȗȐȠȐ
ȊȌȖȊȈ ȒțȗȞȈ -Ȗȑ ȋȐȓȤȌȐȐ ǷȘȈșȒȖȊȤȧ ǼȍȌȖȘȖȊȕȈ ǷțȠȒȈȘȍȊȈ ȕȖșȒȐ Țȍȗȓȣȍ Ȑ
ȌțȠȍȋȘȍȑȒȐ Țȍȗȓȣȍ ȊȧȎȍȚ ǿȈȑ Ȑ Ȋ ȏȈȋȘȈȕȐȞȍ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȏȈȔȖșȒȊȖȘȍȞȒȐȝ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȚȐȚȤ ȔȖȎȕȖ
IV ǷǶǳǰǲǨǸǷ-ǷǨǹǭǿǵǰǲ
— ǷȖȓȐȒȈȘȗ — ȏȊȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ǷȈșȍȟȕȐȒȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȓ Ƿȟȍȓȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȈȌ ǹȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȖȔȍȘȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȟȍȓȈ-ȚȖ Ȋ ǸȈșșȍȐ ȒȈȒ ȍșȚȤ Ȋșȧ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȓȐ, ȕȍȚ Ȉ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȖȕ ȐȔȍȓ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ Ȓ șȖȓȕȞț ȚțȟȈ ȟțȌȖȔ ȌȈ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ Ȋ
șȖȓȕȞȍ ȗȓȍȡȍȚ Ǩȕ ȊȐȎț Ȋșȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȍșȚȤ ȗȟȍȓȈ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȈȧ ȚȊȈȘȤ ȊȏȊȐ-
ȓȈșȤ ȖȉȓȈȒȖȔ ȓȍȋȒȐȔ Ȑ ȗȖȌȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȏȖȘȦ Ǩ ȏȖȘȧ ȗȖȋȖȘȍȓȈ Ȗȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȉțȌȍȚ
ǹȚȈȘ șȚȈȘ ȧ ǷȖȌȐ șȍȌȤȔȖȑ ȌȍșȧȚȖȒ șȟȍșȚȤ ȔȖȋț ǺȈȒ Ȓ ȗȈșȍȒȍ ȉ Ȉ" ǭȑ-ȗȘȈ-
ȊȖ ǶȟȍȕȤ ȗȟȍȓț țȊȈȎȈȦ
V. ǲǵȇǯȄ ǩǨȀǳȃǲȀǪǰǳǰ
ǪȊȐȌț ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȕȧȏȤ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȖȟȍȘȚȐȚȤ șȍȉȧ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȗȘȍȌȓȖ-
ȎȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȖșȓțȎȕȖȑ șȗȐșȖȒ ȊȖșȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȔȣȑ ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȖ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ș ȍȋȖ șȓȖȊ
ǰȔȧ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȑ
ǶȚȟȍșȚȊȖ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȐȟ
ǼȈȔȐȓȐȧ ǩȈȠȓȣȒȠȊȐȓȐ
ǯȊȈȕȐȍ ȒȕȧȏȤ
ǿȐȕ ȒȖȘȕȍȚ I-ȋȖ ǫțșȈȘșȒȖȋȖ ǴțȝȍȚșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȒȈ ȐȔȍȕȐ ȒȖȘȖȓȧ ȌȈȚșȒȖȋȖ
ǷȘȖȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ șȓțȎȉȣ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕ Ȋ ȟȐȕ ȒȖȘȕȍȚȈ ȏȈ ȉȖȍȊȣȍ ȖȚȓȐȟȐȧ ȒȖ-
ȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ ȥșȒȈȌȘȖȕȖȔ Ȑ Ȋ ȉȖȦ ȗȖȌ ǨȊȋțșȚȖȊȣȔ ȘȈȕȍȕ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ ǵȈȋȘȈȎȌȍȕ ȖȘ-
ȌȍȕȖȔ șȊ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȧ -ȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ǹȖșȚȖȧȓ ȒȖȔȍȕȌȈȕȚȖȔ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ ǽȈȘȈȉțȏ Ȑ șȖȋ-
ȓȈșȕȖ ȗȘȖȠȍȕȐȦ ȖȚȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȖȊȈȕ Ȋ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ ǵȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȈ ȀȚȈȉȈ ǬȐȒȖȑ
ǬȐȊȐȏȐȐ Ǫ ȒȖȕȕȖȑ ȈȚȈȒȍ ȏȈ ȘȍȑȌ Ȋ Țȣȓ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȧ Ȑ Ȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȖȕȍșȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ-
ȋȘȈȎȌȍȕ ȖȘȌȍȕȖȔ șȊ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȧ -Ȗȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ș ȔȍȟȈȔȐ Ȑ ȉȈȕȚȖȔ Ǫ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȋȖȌț
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕ Ȓ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌșȚȊț Ȋ ȟȐȕ ȗȖȘțȟȐȒȈ Ǫ ȉȖȦ ȗȖȌ ǳȤȊȖȊȖȔ ȘȈȕȍȕ ȌȊȈȎ-
Ȍȣ Ǫ ȉȖȦ ȗȖȌ ǿȍȘȕȖȊȐȞȈȔȐ ȘȈȕȍȕ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ Ǫ ȉȖȦ ȗȖȌ ǷȘȈșȕȣȠȍȔ ȘȈȕȍȕ

114
ȌȊȈȎȌȣ Ǫ ȉȖȦ ȗȖȌ ǸȐȋȖȑ ȘȈȕȍȕ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ Ȑ Ȋ ȉȖȦ ȗȖȌ ǰȒșȒțȓȍȔ ȘȈȕȍȕ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ
ǷȘȖȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ șȓțȎȉȣ Ȋ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒțȦ ȊȖȑȕț
ǲȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ -Ȗȑ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘȐȑșȒȖȑ ȌȐȊȐȏȐȍȑ ǻȟȈșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ȘȍȑȌȍ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȈ
ǴȈȔȖȕȚȖȊȈ Ȑ ȕȈȋȘȈȎȌȍȕ ȖȘȌȍȕȖȔ șȊ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȧ -Ȗȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ș ȔȍȟȈȔȐ Ȑ ȉȈȕȚȖȔ
Ǫ ȉȖȦ ȗȖȌ ǲȈȝȖȊȒȖȑ ȒȖȕȚțȎȍȕ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ Ǫ ȉȖȦ ȗȖȌ ǹȐȊȈȠȍȔ ȒȖȕȚțȎȍȕ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ
Ȑ Ȋ ȉȖȦ ȗȖȌ ǲȈȘȈșțȉȈȏȈȘȖȔ ȒȖȕȚțȎȍȕ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ
Ǹ S. ǪȊȐȌț ȔȈȓȖȑ ȗȘȐȋȖȌȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖșȓțȎȕȣȝ șȗȐșȒȖȊ ȌȈ-
Ȏȍ ȋȍȘȖȍȊ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȒȕȧȏȍȔ ȕȍ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȦȚșȧ ǵȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ țȎȍ țȝȖ-
ȌȐȓ Ȗȕ Ƞȍȗȕțȓ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ țȝȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ țȔȍȍȚ ȗȓȧșȈȚȤ ȓȍȏȋȐȕȒț
VI. ǮǭǵǨ ǭǫǶ — ǺǨǴǨǸǨ
ǫȈȌȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȒȈȘȚȈȝ ȒȖȜȍȑȕȖȑ ȋțȡȍ Ȑ țȔȍȍȚ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȧȚȤ ȉȘȣȕȏț

VII. ǨǼǨǵǨǹǰǱ ǷǭǺǸǶǪǰǿ ǹǻǵǬǻǲǶǪ
— ȏȖȊțȚ Ȕȍȕȧ Ǫ ǵȐȎȕȍȔ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȉȈȕȐ Ȑ ȉȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȕțȦ ǭȎȍȓȐ ȉȣȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ǵȐȎ-
ȕȍȔ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȚȘȈȒȚȐȘ ǭȘȔȖȓȈȍȊȣȝ ǺȈȔ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ǹȓȈȊȐȓșȧ șțȌȈȘȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȚȘȈȒȚȐȘ
șȖȓȧȕȒȖȑ ǵȐ Ȋ ǴȍȚȘȖȗȖȓȍ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ ȕȐ Ȋ ǨȓȤȗȐȑșȒȖȑ ǸȖȏȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ǹȖȜȐȑȒȍ
ȚȈȒȖȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ǷȖȒȖȑȕȣȑ ȋȘȈȜ ǪȐȚȚȍ ȕȈ ǪșȍȘȖșșȐȑșȒȖȑ ȊȣșȚȈȊȒȍ ȟȚȖ ț ȕȈș ȉȣȓȈ Ȑ ȚȖȚ ȖȚ-
ȊȍȌȈȓ Ȉ ȗȘȖ ǼȍȌȖȘ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟȈ ȀȈȓȧȗȐȕȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ Ƕȕ ț ȕȈș ȠȈȘȣ ȓȦȉȐȓ
ȒȈȚȈȚȤ ǷȖ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȖșȚȈ ȒȐȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȗȖ ȘțȒȍ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȚȤ
ǶȟȍȕȤ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȉ ȖȉȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖȍ ȕȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȖșȍȘȟȈȓ
ǯȈȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȣȑ ȓȦȌ, ȌȖȓȖȎț, ȕȍȊȍȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ Ȉ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȓțȏȈ ȐȓȤ ȗȐȘȈ-
ȔȐȌȒȈ șȒȈȎȍȔ — ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ǻ ȕȐȝ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋșȍ ȒȈȘȈȔȉȖȓȤ Ȋ ȝȖȌț
ǵț Ȉ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȗȓȨȊȖȍ ȥȚȐȔ ț ȕȈș Ȑ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐșȚȣ ȕȍ ȊȖȎȌȍȓȧȓȐșȤ ǶȚȗȐȠȐȚȍ,
ȒțȌȈ șȓȍȌțȍȚ Ǩ ǳȨȊțȠȒț Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȊȈȓȐ" ǲȖȘȖȓȤ ȉȐȓȤȧȘȌȕȣȑ. ǷȖȓȈ-
ȋȈȦ, ș ǺȘȖȞȒȐȔ ȕȣȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȋȘȈȍȚ

ǰǮȃǺǶǿȀǾ ȅȁǯ

117
ǼȍȖȌȖșȐȑ ǿțȉ — ȓȍȊȠȈ ȕȖ ȒȖȘȍȕȈșȚ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ ȉȤȍȚ ȉȈȉț ǷȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȉȈȉȍ
— ȝȔȍȓȤ
Ǩ ȝȔȍȓȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȋȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȒȘȈȑ șȐȓț ȚȖȟȐȚ
ǷȠȍȕȐȞț ȞȍȗȖȔ ȉȤȍȚ ǼȍȌȖșȐȑ ȉȈȉț — ȗȈȓȒȖȑ ǲȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȌȖȗȘȍȚșȧ ȕȈȒȘȍșȚ
ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȋȘțȌȤ ț ȕȍȍ ȊȣȗȐȘȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ șȓȈȌȒȖȍ ȚȍșȚȖ Ȑȏ ȔȈȒȐȚȘȣ
ǰ ȡȍȒȖȚȕȖ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ
Ǩ ȋȓȈȏȖȔ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȚ — ȉțȌȚȖ Ȋ ȕȍȗȖȋȖȎȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȘȖȘȊȈȓȈșȤ ȓȈȏțȘȤ țȚȘȍȕȕȧȧ
ȝȓȧȉȤ șȐȕȍȖȒȈȧ
ǲȈȉȣ ȕȍ ȋȓȈȌȒȈȧ ȉȈȉȈ ȕȍ șȒțȟȈȓ ȉȣ ȏȌȍșȤ ǼȍȌȖșȐȑ
ǳȍȎȐȚ ȕȖȟȤȦ Ȗȕ Ȉ ȕȈ ȕțȚȘȍ șȖșȍȚ Ǫșȍ șȚȖȐȚ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȈȔȧȚȤȦ ǰ șȓȈȌȒȖ ȗȈ-
ȔȧȚȖȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȋȖȘȤȒȖ ǹȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȖȓȣȕȤ ȌȖȝȕțȓȈ Ȑ ȋȈȘȤ șȚȍȗȖȊȈȧ
— ǲȘȈșȐȊȈ. ȕȖș ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔțȝȐ ȏȈșȐȌȍȓȐ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ǼȍȌȖșȐȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȣȓ Ȋ
ȏȓȖșȚȧȝ
ǵȖ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ Ȋ ȕȖȟȐ Ȑ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȊȘȈȓ ȧȏȣȒ ȗȈșȒțȌȧ
ǰ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȍ — ȊȍșȕțȠȒȐ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ ȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ ǬțȔȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚ ǿțȉ ǰ
Ȋșȍ ȋȖȘȤȒȐȍ ȒȈȒ ȌȣȔ ȒȖșȚȘȈ
ǷȖȌȉȐȓȐșȤ ȕȖȋȐ ȏȈ ȌȍȕȤ ǫȖȘȣ ȏȓȣȍ ǬȈ Ȑ ȒȖȕȍȑ ȕȍȚț ǷȍȠȖȑ ȕȍ țȑȌȍȠȤ
ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȍȕȧ
— ȀȖșșȈ ȍȝȐȌȕȈȧ — șȗȓȍȊȣȊȈȍȚ ǿțȉ — Ȋșȧ ȒȈȔȍȕȤȧȔȐ ȏȈȓȖȎȍȕȈ ǮȎȍȚ
ȗȖȌȖȠȊț ȊșȦ ȕȖȋț ȕȈȚȍȘ ǵȖȍȚ, ȚȘȍȒȓȧȚȈȧ
Ǩ ȉȈȉȈ Ȋșȍ Ȋ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ ȓȍȏȍȚ ǹȗȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȌȈȍȚ ǪȧȎȍȚ ȌțȔț Ȋ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȑ țȏȍȓ
— ǵțȌȈ ȕȈ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ǵȖȟȤ ȉȖȘȍȚ ȒȖșȚȍȘ ǰ ȔȈȠțȚ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ ȚȍȕȐ — ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȋȖȓțȉȐ
ǬȈ ȏȈ ȖȚȒȖșȖȔ ȘȣȟȐȚ Ȑ ȜȣȘȒȈȍȚ ǴȏȣȔȚȈ
— ǭȎȍȓȐ ȉȣ ȡȍȗȒȖȑ șȚȈȚȤ șȒȈȎȍȔ ǻȔȟȈȓȈ ȉ ȏȈ ȟȈș Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȈȓȐ ȕȍȚ" Ǫȣ-
ȗȘȣȋȕțȓ ȉȣ ȚȖȋȌȈ ș ȊȖȌȣ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ ǬȈ Ȋ ȌțȝȈȕ ȌȈ ȘȖȔț ȉ ȌȖșȚȈȓ ț ȈȘ-
ȔȧȠȒȐ ȖȋțȘȞȖȊ ȅȝ, Ȑ țȗȐȓșȧ ȉȣ ǻȌȖȊȐȕț ȔȖȘȌț ȉ ȘȈșȒȓȍȗȈȓ ǲȈȞȈȗ
ȀȊȣȘȕțȓ ǼȍȌȖșȐȑ șțȟȖȒ Ȋ ȖȋȖȕȤ Ȑ ȚȒȕțȓ șȗȈȊȠȍȋȖ ǪȌȖȊȐȕȈ
— ȅȑ ǴȐȒȐȚ Ǩ, ǴȐȒȐȚ ǺȊȖȧ șȔȍȕȈ
ǰȏ-ȗȖȌ ȉțȠȓȈȚȈ ȋȓȧȕțȓ ȏȈșȗȈȕȕȣȑ ǪȌȖȊȐȕ ǸȣȎȐȑ Ȉ ȡȍȒȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȚȘȍș-
ȕțȚ — ȟȚȖ ȗȖȔȐȌȖȘȣ ǷȘȖȚȍȘ ȋȓȈȏȈ
— ǿȈȊȖ"
— ǿȈȊȖ" ǿȈȊȖ" — ȗȘȖȋȕțșȐȓ ǿțȉ — ǻȌȖȊȐȕ ȊȣȊȍȓ ȋȖȓțȉȍȑ ȋȖȓțȉȣȝ ț ȌȖ-
Ȕȍ Ȉ ȕȣȕȟȍ ș ȊȐȕȚȖȊȖȟȒȖȑ șȗȖȏȕȈȓșȧ
ǰ ȕȈȘȈșȗȍȊ ǼȍȌȖșȐȑ ȗȖȌȌȍȓ ǪȌȖȊȐȕȈ:
— ǿȈȊȖ" ǵȍ ȚȘȖȎȤ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȧ ȚȊȖȊȖ"
— ǬȈ ȟȈȊȖ ǼȍȌȤ ȏȈȔȈȍȠȤ"
— ǲȚȖ Țȍ ȏȈȔȈȍȚ" ǽȖȌȐ-ȒȈ șȔȍȕȧȑ
ǸȣȎȐȑ șȉȐȚȣȑ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȑȓȖȒ ǪȌȖȊȐȕ ȗȖȌșȍȓ Ȓ ȖȋȕȦ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȌȖȉȘȣȍ ȘȈșȒȖșȣȍ
șȓȍȏȧȚșȧ ȖȚ Ȗȋȕȧ Ȑ ȌȣȔȈ
— Ǩ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ǼȍȌȤ"
— Ǻȍȉȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǫȓȧȕȤ ȕȈ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȒȖȓȐ ȕȈȌȖ
ǹȊȍȘȕțȓ ȒȘțȟȍȕȒț ǪȌȖȊȐȕ ȗȖȗȓȍȊȈȓ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȏțȉȣ Ȋ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȑ ȗȍȗȍȓ
ǽȖȝȖȟȍȚ Ȋ țȡȍȓȤȍ ǴȏȣȔȚȈ ǬȕȍȔ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ — ȘȍȒȈ ȟȚȖ ȘȍȒȈ Ȉ Ȋ ȕȖȟȐ ȒȈȒ
ȏȊȍȘȤ ȘȣȟȐȚ

118
ǰ ȕȈ ȌțȠȍ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȈȓȍ
ǰ ȕȖȟȤ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ Ȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ ț ȊȈȝȔȐșȚȘȈ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ Ȉ ȊȘȍȔȧ — ȗțȚȤ ȉȍȏȣșȝȖȌȕȣȑ
— Ǩ Ȋ ȓȍșț ȚȍȔȕȖ ǰȠȤ Țȣ ȟȐȒȈȓȒȈ șȒțȓȐȚ ǨȎ ȉȖȧȏȕȖ — șȚȈȘȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȓ-
ȟȈȚȤ ǪȌȖȊȐȕ
ǪȖȍȚ ȠȈȒȈȓ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉțȒȐ ȏȈȗȓȍȓȐ ȊȣșȖȒȖ Ȋ ȕȍȉȍ Ȋ ȔȍȘȞȈȦȡȐȝ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȝ
ȊȍȚȊȐ ȌȈ șȍȘȍȉȘȖȔ șȊȍȚȐȚșȧ șȕȍȋ ǨȐȉȋșȒȖȋȖ ȝȘȍȉȚȈ
ǪȌȖȊȐȕț ȎțȚȒȖ Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȑ ȌȈȓȐ ȖȚ ȕȖȟȐ ȟțȎȖȑ Ȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ
— ǸȖȊȕȖ ȓȐȞȖ țȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȒȈ ȥȕȚȈ ȋȖȘȈ Ǩ ȕȈȠ-ȚȖ ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒ ȏȖȊȍȚ ȋȖȘț ȓȐ-
ȗȈȘȌȖȊȖȑ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȠȒțȘȒȐ ȖȚ ȚȐȋȘȣ
ǪȈȝȔȐșȚȘ șȓȍȗȖ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ Ȋ ȖȋȖȕȤ
— Ǩ Țȣ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȐȋȘȈ?
— ǪȍșȚȐȔȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȓ ȌȈȊȍȟȈ ǨȜȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȑ ȏȊȍȘȤ ȊȘȖ-
Ȍȍ ȒȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒȖȠȒȐ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ
— ǵț ȉțȌȍȚ ȝȖȌȐ șȔȍȕȧȑ Ǻȣ ș ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒȖȔ șȊȖȐȔ ȕȈȘȈșșȒȈȎȍȠȤ
ǪȈȝȔȐșȚȘ ǿțȉ ȐșȒȖșȈ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȖ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȚȖȍ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒȈ ǯȈ-
ȒȖȔȖȘȕȖȋȖ ǵȍ ȚȖ șȗȐȚ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȚȖ țȔȍȘ ǹȐȏȣȍ ȋțȉȣ ȓȐȞȖ ȉȍȏțșȖȍ ȒȈȒ șȚȍȈ-
ȘȐȕ ȐșȗȐȚȖ Ȑ țșȚȈȓȖ ǶșȚȘȣȑ ȕȖș ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȖȚ șȊȍȚȈ ȒȖșȚȘȈ
©ǻșȓȣȠȐȚ — ȗȘȖȔȖȓȟȐȚ Ȉ ȕȍ țșȓȣȠȐȚ ȟȍȘȚ ș ȕȐȔ — ȌțȔȈȍȚ ǿțȉ Ȗȉ ȖȜȐ-
ȞȍȘȍ — ǪȖ ȘȚț ȊȖȌț ȕȖșȐȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȕȍ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒª
ǰ ȏȓȖșȚȤ ȋȓțȝȈȧ ȐșȚȖȠȕȈȧ ȔțȟȐȚ Ȑ ȚȐșȒȈȍȚ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǿțȉȈ Ǫȏȧȓ ȉȣ ȌȈ ȚȘȍș-
ȕțȓ ȗȘȐȒȓȈȌȖȔ Ȗȉ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ Ȗ ȋȖȓȖȊț ©ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒȈª ȏȈșȚȘȍȓȐȓ ȉȣ
ȕȖȟȤ ȟțȎțȦ ȟȚȖ ȋȓȖȎȍȚ ǪșȦ ȖȉȖȑȔț ȊȒȈȚȐȓ ȉȣ ǿȚȖȉȣ Ȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȥȚȐ ȌȖȏȖȘȟȈ-
Țȣȍ șȋȈșȓȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȒȘȐȒȖȔ ǴȏȣȔȚț ȗȍȘȍȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ ȟȚȖȉ ȌȖ țșȚȈȓȐ ȐșȚȍȘȏȈȚȤ Ȍț-
Ƞț ȟȚȖȉ ȐȏȕȍȔȖȋȠȐ ș șȍȘȌȞȈ ȕțȌȈ șȗȈȓȈ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȕȈȗȘȈșȕț
©ǺȖȎȍ ȌȖȝȓȈȧ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ — țȋȈȌȣȊȈȍȚ ǿțȉ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȊ ȕȈ șȍȘȖȍ ȒȖșȚȧȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ
ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ — ǺȖȎȍ ȌȍȘȋȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȖȋȓȖȉȓȧȝª
— ǵț Țȣ — ȖȡȍȘȧșȤ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȗȕ Ȓ ǪȌȖȊȐȕț ȕȍ Ȋ șȐȓȈȝ țȕȧȚȤ ȋȖȘȤȒȖȍ
ȟȚȖ ȒȘțȎȐȓȖ ȋȖȘȍȓȖ ț șȍȘȌȞȈ
ǪȌȖȊȐȕ șȢȍȎȐȓșȧ ȊșȒȐȕțȓ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȒț ȏȈȠȓȍȗȈȓ ȗȖ ȋȘȧȏȐ ǰ ȔțȚȕȣȔ ȗȧȚȕȖȔ
șȚȈȧȓ Ȋ ȚȍȔȐ
***
ǯȣȉȐȓȈșȤ ȗȍȓȍȕȈ ȚțȔȈȕȈ Ȋ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ Ȑ ȓȐȗȒȐȔ ȒȐșȍȓȍȔ ȗȖȗȖȓȏȓȈ Ȑȏ țȡȍ-
ȓȤȧǫȓȧȌȍȓ ȊȈȝȔȐșȚȘ ǿțȉ ȕȈ ȉȍȏȔȖȓȊȕȖ ȚȈȧȊȠțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȝțȠȒț ȌȈȓȍȒȖȋȖ
ȝȘȍȉȚȈ ȋȌȍ șȍȘȍȉȘȖ șȕȍȋȈ șȚȈȓȖ ȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȔ ȞȊȍȚȖȔ ȠȐȗȖȊȕȐȒȈ
ǰ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȋșȍ șȐȓȤȕȍȑ Ȑ Țȧȋțȟȍ ȕȣȓȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǹȓȖȊȕȖ șȚȐșȕțȓ ȍȋȖ ȒȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ Ȑ șȌȈȊȐȓ Ȋ ȒȖȔȖȒ
ǿțȉ ȏȈȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǽȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȍșȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȖșȈȓȖ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȖȚ ȚȈȉȈȒȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȋȖ-
ȘȤȒȖ ȊȖ ȘȚț ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓșȧ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȚȍȗȓȖȋȖ ȘȎȈȕȖȋȖ ȝȓȍȉȈ ȐșȗȍȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ȕȈ ȓȐșȚȍ ȒȈȗțșȚȣ ǰ ȕȍ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǷȈȝȓȖ ȌȣȔȒȖȔ ȋȈșȕțȊ-

ȠȍȋȖ ȒȖșȚȘȈ
ǪȣșȖȒȖ ȗȖ ȔȈȒțȠȒȈȔ ȊȍȒȖȊȍȟȕȣȝ ȋȘȈȉȖȊ Ȑ ȉțȒȖȊ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȠțȘȠȈȓ ȊȍȚȍȘ.
ǫȌȍ-ȚȖ, ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍȏȘȐȔȣȑ, ȏȊȈȓ ȗȖȌȘțȋț Ȋ ȗȘȖșȐȕȐ ȏȈȘȐ ȒȘțȎȐȊȠȐȑ ȖȘȍȓ
ǪȈȝȔȐșȚȘ ȏȈȉȣȓ Ȗ șȚȖȘȖȎȍȊȖȔ ȖȝȘȈȕȍȕȐȐ
ǵȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȠȓȐ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ ȝȖȓȔȣ Ȑ ȗȍȓ ȊȍȚȍȘ
ǽȖȓȔȣ ȗȘȐȋȕțȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȌȖȓȐȕȍ Ȓ ȘȍȟȖȕȒȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȐșȗȐȚȤ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȍȍ Ȑ ȏȈ ȗȘȈ-
ȊȣȔ ȏȈ ȒȘȈȑȕȐȔ ȔȈȧȟȐȓȖ șȍȓȖ
Ǩ ȐȌȚȐ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȌȖȘȖȋȈ Ȉ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȕȖ ȕȈ ȌțȠȍ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȚȘȍ-
ȊȖȋȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȖȝȔȍȓȤȧ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȗȖȔȍȘ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ
ǰ ȌȖ ȝȈȚȣ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ǴȐȕțȓ ȒȖȓȖȌȍȏȤ ș ȗȖȒȖșȐȊȠȐȔșȧ ȎțȘȈȊȓȍȔ ǯȈȊȍȘȕțȓ
ȏȈ țȋȖȓ ǪȖ ȌȊȖȘȍ ȗțșȚȖ Ȉ ȗȍș-ȚȖ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ǷȖȌțȔȈȓ
«ǴțȘȈȚȒȈ ȖȒȖȓȍȓ, ȊȍȘȕȖ»
ǶȚȖȋȕȈȓ ȕȈșȍȌȈȊȠțȦ șȖȉȈȒț ȒȖșȚȣȓȍȔ Ȑ ȚȖȓȒȕțȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ǫșȍ șȚȈȘȖȍ șȊȖȍ Ǫ
țȋȓț ȖȉȘȈȏ ǹȗȈșȈ Ȑ șȊ ǼȍȖȌȖșȐȧ ǷȍȟȍȘșȒȖȋȖ ț ȖȒȕȈ șȊȐȚȒȈ ȉȍȓȈȧ Ȏȍȕȣ Ȑ ȕȈ
șȚȍȕȍ ȌȖșȍȓȤ ȊȐșȐȚ ȠȖȔȗȖȓȒȈ
ǵȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȔțȎȐȒ ǲȘȧȎȐșȚȣȑ, ș ȊȖșȚȘȍȕȤȒȐȔ ȕȖșȖȔ Ȑ
ȗȖȋȈȕȖȑ ȖȉȓȍȏȓȖȑ ȉȖȘȖȌȒȖȑ
— ǿȍȋȖ Țȍȉȍ"
ǿțȉ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ș ȗȓȍȟ șțȔț ȕȈ ȗȖȓ
— ǿȍȋȖ, șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȦ, ȕȈȌȖ" ǲȚȖ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȚȈȒȖȊȖȑ ȟȚȖ ȉȍȏ ȌȖȏȊȖȓȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȝȈȚț
ȓȖȔȐȠȤșȧ" — ȕȈșȚțȗȈȓ ȔțȎȐȒ ȕȈ ǿțȉȈ
ǷȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȍ ȉȍȌȣ Ȑ ȏȓȖȉȈ ȗȍȘȍȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ ȋȖȘȓȖ
— ǼȍȌȖșȐȑ ȧ ǪȖȚ ȟȚȖ ǨȓȤ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȓ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ"
ǴțȎȐȒ ȕȈșțȗȐȓ ȉȘȖȊȐ Ȑ ȍȝȐȌȕȖ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ
— ǽȖȏȧȐȕ" Ǩ ȧ-ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȏ" ǨȓȐ ȌȊȖȍ ȕȖȕȟȍ ȝȖȏȧȍȊ ȕȈ ȖȌȕț ȝȈȚț"
ǿțȉ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȔțȎȐȒȈ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȊȖȘȖȚ Ȑ ȏȈȖȘȈȓ
— ǪȣȔȍȚȣȊȈȑșȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ
ǴțȎȐȒ ȖȚȗȘȧȕțȓ Ȑ ȏȈȋȖȓȖșȐȓ
— ǨȓȍȕȈ ǨȓȍȕȈ
ǵȈ ȗȖȘȖȋ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓȈ Ȑȏ șȍȕȍȑ ȉȈȉȈ
ǼȍȌȖșȐȑ țȏȕȈȓ Ȏȍȕț ǹȐȚȞȍȊȣȑ ȜȈȘȚțȒ ȖȒȘțȋȓȐȓ Ȋȣȗȧȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȎȐȊȖȚ ȕȈ Ȑȏ-
ȕȖșȍ ǼȍȌȖșȐȑ ȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȋȘțȌȤ ǫȖȓȖș ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓșȧ
— ǩȘȦȝȈȚȈ șțȒȈ" ǵȈȋțȓȧȓȈ ș ȕȐȔ ș ȗȖȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȒȖȔ
ǴțȎȐȒ ȠȔȣȋȕțȓ ȏȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ ǩȈȉȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȊșȓȍȌ ȕȖ ǿțȉ țȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȍ ȏȈ ȊȖ-
ȓȖșȣ ȏȈȗȘȖȒȐȕțȓ ȓȐȞȖ Ȓ șȚȍȕȍ Ȑ șȉȐȓ ȍȍ șȈȗȖȋȖȔ ȕȈȏȍȔȤ
ǩȈȉȈ ȏȈȊȣȓȈ
— ǼȍȌȤ ȕȍ ȋțȉȐ ȕȍ ȋțȉȐ!!
ǵȖ ǿțȉ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ǹ ȗȍȕȖȑ ț ȘȚȈ ȘȍȊȍȓ Ȗȕ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȉȐȓ ȒțȓȈȒȖȔ
Ȏȍȕț ȗȖ ȋȘțȌȐ ȗȖ ȎȐȊȖȚț ȗȖ ȓȐȞț
ǯȈȠȈȚȈȓȈșȤ ȏȈȒȘțȎȐȓȈșȤ ȐȏȉȈ ǴȍȓȤȒȕțȓ ǹȗȈș șȊȐȚȒȈ ȋȍȘȈȕȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȖȒȖȕ-
ȕȐȒȍ ȗȍșȚȘȖȓȐșȚȕȈȧ
ǫȖȘȧȟȐȍ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ ȖȡțȚȐȓȐ ȝȖȓȖȌȕțȦ șȚȈȓȤ șȚȊȖȓȖȊ ȠȖȔȗȖȓȒȐ
ǵȍ ȞȍȓȧșȤ, ȌȍȘȕțȓ ȏȈ șȗțșȒ ǫȘȖȝȕțȓ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓ ǰ ǿțȉ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ
***

120
ǲȖșȚȍȘ ȗȖȚțȝ Ǫ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȔ ȕȍȉȍ ȍȓȍ ȗȘȖșȊȍȟȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȋȈșȕțȊȠȐȍ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ
ǲ șȚȖȘȖȎȍȊȖȔț ȖȝȘȈȕȍȕȐȦ ș ȗȍȘȍȒȖȠȍȕȕȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȊȖȧ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȉȍȏ ȊȐȕȚȖȊ-
ȒȐ ǪȌȖȊȐȕ
ǳȍȊȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓ ȒȐșȚȤ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȘțȒȐ
ǪȈȝȔȐșȚȘ țȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȒț ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ ȚȘȍșȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȚȍȔȍȕȍȔ Ȗȉ ȕȈ-
Ȋȍș Ȑ ȏȣȟȕȖ ȋȈȘȒȕțȓ
— ǲȈȘȈțȓ Ȋ ȘțȎȤȍ
ǬȘȍȔȈȊȠȐȍ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ Ȑ ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒ ǯȈȒȖȔȖȘȕȣȑ șȖȘȊȈȓȐșȤ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȋȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȒȈȔȐ Ȗ ȌȖșȒȐ șȚȘȖȧșȤ ț ȖȉȘȣȊȈ
ǵȖ ǿțȉ ȗȖȕȧȓ țȎȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȧ ȕȍȚ țȊȐȌȍȊ ȔȖȘȡȐȊȠȍȍșȧ ȖȚ ȕȍșȚȍȘ-
ȗȐȔȖȑ ȉȖȓȐ ȋȓțȗȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ǪȌȖȊȐȕȈ
— ǶȚșȚȈȊȐȚȤ — ȋȈȘȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ
ǪȌȖȊȐȕ ȗȘȐșȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȚȖȟȒȐ Ȑ ȏȈȊȣȓ
— ǼȍȌȤ Ȗȑ Ȗȑ ȌȦȎȍ ȋȖȘȐȚ
ǹȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȖȉșȚțȗȐȓȐ ǪȌȖȊȐȕȈ Ȑ ș ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ ȋȓȧȌȍȓȐ ȕȈ șȖȟȐȊȠțȦșȧ
ȒȘȖȊȤ ȕȈ ȊȐșȍȊȠȐȍ, ȗȍȘȍȉȐȚȣȍ ȗțȓȍȑ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȚȖȘȟȈȓȐ Ȑȏ ȈȓȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȒȖ-
ȔȈ ȒȖșȚȐ
ǷȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒ ǯȈȒȖȔȖȘȕȣȑ ȝȘȐȗȓȖ ȊȣȘțȋȈȓșȧ
— ǪȈȝȔȐșȚȘ ǯȈȊȧȎȐ ȥȚȖȑ șȊȖȓȖȟȐ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȗȖȌ ȈȘȍșȚ ȍȋȖ
ǪȌȖȊȐȕ ȏȈȔȖȘȋȈȓ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȍșȕțȠȟȈȚȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ șȚȈȓȖ ȐȏȎȍȓȚȈ-șȍȘȣȔ
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒ ȚȈ ȧ Ȏ
ǯȈȒȖȔȖȘȕȣȑ ȕȍ șȓțȠȈȓ
— ǪȏȧȚȤ ȗȖȌ ȈȘȍșȚ ǪȐȕȚȖȊȒț șȌȈȑ Ȑ ȗȈȚȘȖȕȣ
ǯȈȒȖȔȖȘȕȣȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ǪȌȖȊȐȕ ȉȍȏ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȒȐ
— ǻȗțșȚȐȓ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒ... — ȌȖȋȈȌȈȓșȧ ǪȌȖȊȐȕ ǯȈȒȖȔȖȘȕȣȑ ȖȚȊȍȘ-
ȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȏȈȒțȘȐȓ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșț
ǿțȉ ȉȍȏȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ǪȌȖȊȐȕȈ ȖȉȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȧ ȍȔț ȚȘȧȗȒȖȑ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ
— ǹȈȔȖșȚȘȍȓ ǴȐȒȐȚ ǪȖȚ ǴȖȚȖȊ ȌȖ Țȍȉȧ ȌȖȉȍȘȍȚșȧ
ǪȌȖȊȐȕ ȊșȚȘȍȗȍȕțȓșȧ
— ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ șțȌȐȚȤ ȉțȌțȚ"
ǪȈȝȔȐșȚȘ ȗȘȖȔȖȓȟȈȓ
— ǼȍȌȤ Ȉ ǼȍȌȤ ȕȍțȎȍȓȐ ȉțȌțȚ"
ǿțȉ ȖȉȘțȋȈȓ ǪȌȖȊȐȕȈ
— Ǩ ȟȚȖ Ȏ, ȌȖȔȖȑ, ȟȚȖ ȓȐ, ȗțșȚȧȚ" ǲȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȚȘȍȓȧȍȚ ǴȖȚȖȊ Ȋ ȒȈȚȖȘȋț
țȋȖȕȐȚ ǺȊȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȘȍȠȍȕȕȖȍ ǴȐȒȐȚ...
ǪȌȖȊȐȕ țȔȖȓȧȦȡȍ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȊȈȝȔȐșȚȘț șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȗȖȑȔȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȌȍȚșȒȖȍ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȖȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȌȘȖȎȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȘȣȎȍȋȖ ȌȦȎȍȋȖ ȔțȎȐȒȈ
— ǼȍȌȤ Ȉ ǼȍȌȤ șȒȈȎȐ ȕȍțȎȓȐ
ǿțȉ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ
— Ǭȓȧ ǴȖȚȖȊȈ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ — ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȈȌȖ ȍȔț Ȋ ȘȈșȝȖȌ ȗțșȚȐȚȤ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȐȔȍ-
Șț ǪȖȚ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȘțȟȐȒȈ ǲțȘȐȞȣȕȈ
ǪȌȖȊȐȕ ȌȘȖȎȈȓ Ȋșȍ șȐȓȤȕȍȑ
— ǼȍȌȤ ȊȍȌȤ ȏȍȔȓȧȒȐ-ȚȖ ǼȍȌȤ ȗȖȌȔȖȋȐ ǪȍȌȤ ȕȍȟȈȧȕȕȖ
ǫȖȓȖș ț ǪȌȖȊȐȕȈ șȘȣȊȈȓșȧ
— ǲȈȒ ȚȍȗȍȘȍȟȈ" ȊȍȌȤ ȉȈȉȈ ș ǪȈșȤȒȖȑ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ

121
ǲ ȕȐȔ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȗȘȈȗȖȘȡȐȒ ǯȈȒȖȔȖȘȕȣȑ
— ǪȈȝȔȐșȚȘ ǷȖșȓȈȚȤ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ Ȋ ȘȖȚț ȔȖȍ ȌȖȕȍșȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍȌȠȍȔ
ǿțȉ ȕȍȝȖȚȧ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȊȠȐșȤ ȋȓțȝȖ ȉțȘȒȕțȓ
— ǹȓțȠȈȦ
***
ǨȘȍșȚȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȒȖȕȊȖȐȘȣ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȚȘȖȗȐȕȒȍ ǹȖȓȕȞȍ Ȋȣ-
șȖȒȖ șȚȖȧȓȖ ȕȈȌ ȓȍșȖȔ ȌȣȠȈȊȠȐȔ ȗȘȧȕȖȑ șȣȘȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȋȖȘȤȒȖȊȈȚȣȔ ȔȍȌȖȔ
ȌȐȒȐȝ ȈȏȈȓȐȑ ǪȕȐȏț ȍȡȍ ȉȣȓ șȓȣȠȍȕ țȌȈȓȧȊȠȐȑșȧ ȘȖȒȖȚ ȘȍȒȐ ȕȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȈ
ȓțȎȈȑȒȍ țȎȍ ȗȍȓȐ ȗȟȍȓȣ Ȑ ȖșȐȧȕȕȈȧ ȚȊȍȘȌȤ șȚȘțȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȚȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȌȕȍ
ǯȈ ȗȍȘȍȒȈȚȈȔȐ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȝ ȌȖȓȐȕ ȋȌȍ ȦȚȐȓȐșȤ ȌȍȘȍȊțȠȒȐ Ȋ ȋȖȓțȉȖȑ ȌȣȔȒȍ
ȊȣșȐȓȐșȤ ȋȖȘȣ ǵȍșȚȈȧȊȠȐȑ șȕȍȋ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȊȈȝ Ȑȝ ȒȈȒ ȗȈȘȟȈ
ǩȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ Ȍȕȧ șȓțȠȈȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȠȈȋȐ ȐȌțȡȐȝ
ǯȍȓȍȕȖȍ ȒȘțȎȍȊȖ ȗȈȗȖȘȖȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȓȍȋȓȖ ț ȗȖȌȕȖȎȐȑ șȚȊȖȓȖȊ ǺȘȖȗȐȕȒȈ Ȋȏȉȍ-
ȎȈȓȈ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȕȈ ȠȖșșȍ
ǪȈȝȔȐșȚȘ ȗȘȐșȍȓ ȕȈ ȉȐȚȣȑ ȡȍȉȍȕȤ Ȑ țȚȍȘȍȊ ș ȓȐȞȈ ȗȖȚ ȌȖșȚȈȓ ȒȐșȍȚ
— ǹȈȌȐșȤ ǴȐȒȐȚ ȗȖȒțȘȐȔ ȋȖȘȍȔȣȟȕȣȑ
ǪȌȖȊȐȕ ȗȖȕțȘȖ șȍȓ
ǳȧȔȐȕ — șȖȓȌȈȚ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȖȋȖ ȊȏȊȖȌȈ ȘȖȚȕȣȑ ȏȈȗȍȊȈȓȖ — șȚȖȧȓ ț ȖȉȘȣȊȈ Ȑ
ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȖ șȉȘȈșȣȊȈȓ ȕȖșȒȖȔ șȈȗȖȋȈ ȡȍȉȍȕȤ.
ǴȖȓȟȈ ȒțȘȐȓȐ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȏȈ ȊșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǪȌȖȊȐȕț ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȊȖȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȍȑ șȚȈȕȖȊȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȌțȠȍ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȘȖȚȍ ǪȌȖȊȐȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ
țȎȍ ǴȖȚȖȊț Ȑ ȊșȍȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȔ ȖȡțȡȈȓ ȉȍȏȣșȝȖȌȕȣȑ ȋȕȍȚ ǷȖȏȈȌȐ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ
Ȋșȍ ȌȈȊȕȍȍ ȊȈȝȔȐșȚȘ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȊȔȍșȚȍ țȠȓȐ Ȑȏ șȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȊȖȑȕț ȊȖșȒȘȍșȕȣȍ
țȚȘȈ ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȉȍȌȕȐ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȗȘȧȕȐȒȐ ȕȈ ȋțȓȤȓȐȊȖȔ ȉȈȏȈȘȍ ȘȈȏȊȍșȍȓȈȧ ȋȈȘ-
ȔȖȠȒȈ
ǪȌȈȓȐ — ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȐȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȈȓȖ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ǴȖȚȖȊ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ǴȖ-
ȚȖȊǳȧȔȐȕȈ Ȑ ȊȈȝȔȐșȚȘȈ ǪȌȖȊȐȕ șȟȐȚȈȓ ȗȖȌȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ
ȕȍ șȗȈșțȚ ǰ ȊȣȠȓȖ-ȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȒȈȒ ǶȚȖȘȊȈȓȖ ȗțȓȍȑ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ Ȉ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȖȡȍȚȐ-
ȕȐȓȖșȤ ȞȍȗȒȐȔ ȓȍșȖȔ
ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȋ ȔȖȏȋț ȗȘȣȋȈȓȐ Țȍ Ȏȍ șȓȖȊȈ ǴȖȚȖȊ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ǴȖȚȖȊ
ǪȈȝȔȐșȚȘ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȐȌȚȐ ǵȖ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓȖșȤ ȌȘȍȉȍȏȎȈȕȐȍ ȥșȒȈȌ-
ȘȖȕȕȖȑ ȌȊțȒȖȓȒȐ Ȑ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȑ ȖȒȘȐȒ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕȐșȚȈ ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊȈ
— ǵț Țȣ ȓȐȝȈȧ
ǷȖȌșȚȍȋȐȊȈȧ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ȊȖȎȎȈȔȐ ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊ ȖșȈȌȐȓ ȒȖȕȧ ǻȓȣȉȒȈ ȏȈșȚȣȓȈ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȖȉȊȧȏȈȕȕțȦ ȘțȒț ǪȌȖȊȐȕȈ
— ǿȚȖ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ ǪȌȖȊȐȕ"
ǪȌȖȊȐȕ ȉȍȏțȚȍȠȕȖ ȔȈȝȕțȓ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ
— ǷȖȌșȚȘȍȓȐȓșȧ ǴȐȒȐȚ ȕȈȠ — ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ ȊȈȝȔȐșȚȘ
ǪȖȓȤȕȖȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȧȦȡȐȑșȧ șȗȘȣȋȕțȓ ș ȌȊțȒȖȓȒȐ

122
— ǲȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȣȠȓȖ "
ǪȌȖȊȐȕ șȐȌȍȓ ȖȗțșȚȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț
— ǵȖȟȤȦ ȕȣȕȟȍ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȕȈ Ȍțȓȍ Ȉ ȗȘȐȒȓȈȌ țȗȍȘ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȗȘȐ-
ȚțȓȐȓșȧ ȌȖ șȒȈȓȣ ȌȈ ȗȖȌ țȚȘȖ ȏȈȌȘȍȔȈȓ, ȊȐȌȕȖ
— ǵț Ȉ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȐȓ-ȚȖ ȒȈȒ" — ȌȖȗȣȚȣȊȈȓșȧ ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊ
— ǹȖ șȕȈ ȒȈȟȕțȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȉȖȒ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ ǪȐȕȚȖȊȒȈ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȈ ȌȈ Ȗȉ ȏȍȔȓȦ
— Ǩ ȗȘȍȌȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȍȓȤ ȕȍ ȖȚȚȧȕțȓ"
— ǵț ȌȈ Ȋșȧ ȖȉȖȑȔȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȖȚ Țȍȉȍ Ȑ ȋȘȍȝ!. ǲȈȒ ȎȐȋȈȕȍȚ ȗȖ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔ!
ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ȅȝ ȕȍțȌȈȟȈ ȒȈȒȈȧ ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ
Ƕȕ ȗȘȐșȍȓ Ȑ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ
ǷȍȓȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȈ ȉțȓȤȒȈȓ ȘțȟȍȍȒ ȌȈ ȗȍȘȍȔȐȕȈȓȈșȤ ș
ȕȖȋȐ ȕȈ ȕȖȋț ȓȖȠȈȌȤ
— ǲȈȒ Ȏȍ ȉȣȚȤ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ
— ǰ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȌȖȓȧ ȕȈȔ ȚȈȒȈȧ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǳȧȔȐȕ
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ — ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȖȗȧȚȤ ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊ ȉȣșȚȘȖ — ǲȘțȋȖȔ ȘȈ-
ȌȖșȚȤ ǩȖȎȤȧ șȖȓȕȣȠȒȖ ȚȘȈȊțȠȒȈ ȕȍȉȖ șȐȕȍȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȍ, ȊȖȕ, ȒțȒțȘțȏȈ ȒȈȒȈȧ
ǺȈȒ ȕȍȚ Țȍȉȍ ȗȖȒȖȧ ǰȌȐ țȉȐȊȈȚȤ ȐȌȐ ȗțȓȦ ȒȖȔț-ȚȖ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȊȋȖȕȧȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȠȈ-
ȒȈȓț Ǩ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ, șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȚșȧ" ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ, Ȗȕ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ ȧ Ȑ Țȣ ȔȖȎȍȚ, ȚȖ-
Ȏȍ Ȑ ȗȖȓȌȍȕȤ Ȑ ȚȘȈȊȒț ȓȦȉȐȚ
ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊ ȗȖȔȖȓȟȈȓ
— ǪȖȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ǪȌȖȊȐȕ ǶȚșȚȘȍȓȐȓ șȍȉȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ șțȌȐȚȤ ȉțȌțȚ țȔțȟȈȦȚ ȏȈ-
ȒȖȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȈȘȍșȚȈȔȐ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȚȘȍȓȧȍȚ ȕȈȠ ǴȖȚȖȊ Ǭȓȧ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȧ ȌȐș-
ȞȐȗȓȐȕȣ Ȍȓȧ ȖșȚȘȈșȚȒȐ Ȉ șȈȔ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ șȗȍȘ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ǵȍȚ ȗȘȈȊȌȣ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ
ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȍȚ ȗȘȈȊȌȣ ȊȈȝȔȐșȚȘ
ǿțȉ țșȔȍȝȕțȓșȧ
— ǷȘȈȊȌȈ, ȖȕȈ ȍșȚȤ ȒȖȓȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȟȍșȚȕȣȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȒȈȒ țȊȐȌȐȚ șȊȖ-
ȓȖȟȤ ȒȈȒțȦ — ȚȈȒ Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȏȈȘȖȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȒȘȖȚ — ȕȍ ȖȚȒȖȗȈȚȤ
ǪȈȝȔȐșȚȘ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ǳȧȔȐȕȈ
— ǪȖȚ șȒȈȎȍȔ ȕȈș ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖ ǳȧȔȐȕ ȏȕȈȦ ȍȋȖ șȣȏȔȈȓȤșȚȊȈ ǶȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ
ȕȍ țȚȍȟȍȚ ȟȍȋȖ ȍȑ ȗțȋȈȚȤșȧ ȟȐșȚȖȋȖ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȕȍȋȘȈȔȖȚȕȣȑ Ȗȕ ȊȍȘȕȖ ȕț Ȉ ȥȚȖ
ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȌȈȎȍ ǴȐȒȐȚ — ȋȖȓțȉȤ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ ȌțȘȕȖȑ Ȉ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȚȖ
— ȊȖȏȤȔȍȚ ȋȈȘȔȖȠȒț țȋȈȌȈȚȤ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȌțȠȈ ȋȖȓțȉȐȕȈȧ Ǫȣ ǨȕȈȚȖȓȐȑ ǴȐȚ-
ȘȐȟ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȋȕțȠȈȍȚȍșȤ ȗȘȖșȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ
ǯȈȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ ǪȈȝȔȐșȚȘ Ȋȏȧȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ Ȑȏ ȒțȟȐ Ȑ ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȖ țȒȓȈȌȣ-
ȊȈȓ Ȑȝ ȕȈ ȚȘȈȊȍ
ǳȧȔȐȕ ȊȗȖȓȋȖȓȖșȈ ȏȈȗȍȓ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȎȈȓȖȊȈȓșȧ ǻȌȈȓȤ Ȑ ȚȖșȒȈ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȧ ȏȊȍȕȍ-
ȓȐ Ȋ ȗȍșȕȍ
ǰ țȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȗȖȓȌȍȕȤ
— ǵț ȍȝȈȚȤ ȗȖȘȈ — ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȌȊțȒȖȓȒȍ
— Ǩ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ-ȚȖ — țșȔȍȝȕțȓșȧ ȏȓȖ ǿțȉ — ȏȈȘȣȓȈșȤ, ȘȖȌȐȔȈȧ"
— ǷȘȈȊȌȈ — ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊ — ǩȖȋ ȊȐȌȐȚ ȧ
— ȅȝ ǨȕȈȚȖȓȐȑ ǴȐȚȘȐȟ — ȊȌȘțȋ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ ȊȈȝȔȐșȚȘ ǫȓȈȏȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȓȍșȕțȓȐ
ȕȍȌȖȉȘȖ ǳȧȔȐȕ Ȑ ǪȌȖȊȐȕ ȖȚ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖșȚȐ ȊșȚȈȓȐ ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ ǰ
Ȋșȍ țȎȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȖȑȚȐșȤ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ

123
ǪȈȝȔȐșȚȘ ș ȒȈȒȐȔȚȖ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȍȔ ȉȘȖșȐȓ
— ǷȘȈȊȌȈ" ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȟȍ ȟȍȋȖ ȚȈȐȚȤ — șȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ — Ȑ ȋȖȓȖș
ǿțȉȈ ȏȈȏȊȍȕȍȓ ȊȣșȖȒȖ — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȔȍȘȚȕȈȧ ȖȕȈ ȚȖȔț ȒȚȖ ȕȍ șȝȖȘȖȕȐȚ ȍȍ ȖȚ ȓȦ-
Ȍȍȑǰ Ȗȕ țȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ ȕȈ ȚȘȈȊț ȋȌȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȥȚȐȔ șȐȌȍȓ ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȗȖ-
ȌȖȠȓȐ
ǵȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȗȖȌȘȧȌ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȉȐȚȣȝ ȒȘȍȔȕȧ
***
ȀȚȈȉ ȗȖȓȒȈ ȗȖȔȍȡȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȖȑ ȌȈȟȍ Ǫ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȖȒȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȋȣ-
ȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȚȍȘȘȈșț ȋȌȍ țȎȍ ȏȈȞȊȍȚȈȓȐ ȋȓȐȞȐȕȐȐ ȏȈșȍȌȈȓ ȊȖȍȕȕȖ-ȗȖȓȍȊȖȑ șțȌ
ǷȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ șțȌȈ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȗȖȓȒȈ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ǴȖ-
ȚȖȊ, ȉȍȏȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȖ ȊȣșȓțȠȐȊȈȓ ȌȖȗȘȖș
ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȒȈȓȔȣȞȒȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ ȒȘțȋȓȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ ȖȓȐȊȒȖȊȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ
șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȈȟȈȊȠțȦșȧ ȏȈ șȚȍȒȓȖȔ ȊȍȚȖȟȒț ȋȓȐȞȐȕȐȐ
ǷȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗȉ Ǩȕȕȍ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȕȍ șȊȖȍȑ Ȏȍȕȍ ǾȊȍȚ ȍȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȧ Ȑȏ ȚȖȕȒȖ-
ȋȖ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖȋȖ ȒȘȍȗȌȍȠȐȕȈ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒȐȔ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ ȞȊȍȚȣ ȋȓȐȞȐȕȐȐ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐȧȚ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒț ǴȖȚȖȊț ǵȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȖ șȓȈȌȒȐȍ ȌțȝȐ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȊȠȐȍ ȍȋȖ
ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȌțȠȐȓȈșȤ ǨȕȕȈ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȕȈ
— «Chevalier d’Orsay»... — ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ǴȖȚȖȊ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ȌțȝȖȊ Ȑ ș țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚ-
ȊȐȍȔ ȗȖȋȓȈȌȐȓ șȊȖȦ ȉȘȐȚțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȒȘțȋȓțȦ ȒȈȒ ȉȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȕȣȑ ȠȈȘ ȕȍȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ș ȚȖȓșȚȣȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ
— Ǩ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȏȍ Țȣ ȕȍ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȗȘȍȌȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȍȓȧ" — ȌȖȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ ǪȌȖȊȐȕȈ
ȟȓȍȕ șțȌȈ ȘȖȚȔȐșȚȘ ș ȋȕȐȓȣȔȐ ȘȍȌȒȐȔȐ ȏțȉȈȔȐ
ǹȐȘȍȕȍȊȖȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȕȍ țȝȖȌȐȓȖ Ȑȏ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ǴȖȚȖȊȈ ǶȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȔȧȋȒȖ ȖȉȓȍȋȈȓȖ Țȍ-
ȓȖ Ǩȕȕȣ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȕȣ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȈȧ ȍȔț ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖșȚȤ ǲȈȒ ȚȈȧȓ ȕȈȟȈȓȤ-
ȕȐȒ ȌȐȊȐȏȐȐ Ȋ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȍ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȍȕȤȍ
«Ǩ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ ȉȖȘȖȊ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ ȉȖȓȊȈȕ ȌȐȊȐȏȐȧ ȉțȌȍȚ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ Șț-
ȒȈȝ ȉțȌȍȚ» — ȘȍȠȐȓ Ȋ țȔȍ ǴȖȚȖȊ
— ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȌȖȔȈ"
— ǪȚȖȘȖȑ ȋȖȌ ȗȖȠȍȓ — ȚȐȝȖ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ǪȌȖȊȐȕ
ǴȖȚȖȊ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ǪȌȖȊȐȕȈ ǷȘȐȊȣȟȒȈ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȟȍȔț-ȓȐȉȖ ȌȍȓȈȓȈ ȋȓțȝȐȔ
ȍȋȖ
«ȅȒȈȧ ȘȣȎȈȧ ȔȖȘȌȈ» — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ǴȖȚȖȊ
ǬȖȗȘȖș ȉȣȓ ȖȒȖȕȟȍȕ Ȑ ȗȖȌșțȌȐȔȖȋȖ ȊȣȊȍȓȐ
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ — ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ǴȖȚȖȊț ȘȖȚȔȐșȚȘ — șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ șȚȈȚȤȐ
șȊȖȌȈ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȊ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ȊȖȑȕȣ șȖȓȌȈȚ ǪȌȖȊȐȕ ǵȐȒȐȚȈ șȖ-
ȊȍȘȠȐȓ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȖȍ ȌȍȧȕȐȍ ȕȈȒȈȏțȍȔȖȍ ȓȐȠȍȕȐȍȔ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȘȈȊ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ, Ȑ ȗȖȌ-
ȓȍȎȐȚ șȔȍȘȚȕȖȑ ȒȈȏȕȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȘȈșșȚȘȍȓȧȕȐȍ"
ǸȖȚȔȐșȚȘ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȟȓȍȕȈ șțȌȈ — ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒȈ ȈȘȚȐȓȓȍ-
ȘȐȐǶȉȈ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ

124
ǪȊȍȓȐ ǪȌȖȊȐȕȈ
ǷȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ǴȖȚȖȊ ȟȍȒȈȕȧ șȓȖȊȈ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȓ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘ șțȌȈ
ǪȌȖȊȐȕ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȘȖȚ ȕȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȎȍșȚȒȐȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ǴȖȚȖȊȈ Ȑ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț
ǭȋȖ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȈ ȚȘȧșȚȐ ȌȘȖȎȤ Ǫ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȚȐȝȖ Ȑ ȎțȚȒȖ ǯȈ ȖȒȕȖȔ ȉȖȓȚȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȊȍȚȘȈ ȊȍȚȖȟȒȈ șȐȘȍȕȍȊȖȑ ȋȓȐȞȐȕȐȐ Ȑ ȕȈ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȑ ȓțȎȈȑȒȍ ȋȌȍ ȏȈȋȓȖȝ-
ȓȐ ȒȓțȔȉȣ ȡȐȗȈȓȈ șȊȍȎțȦ ȚȘȈȊț ȉȍȓȈȧ ȒȖȏȈ
ǷȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ǴȖȚȖȊ șȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȘȈțȓț:
— ǶȚȊȍȌȐȚȍ
ǸȖȚȔȐșȚȘ șȓȖȎȐȓ ȗȈȗȒț ȏȈșȍȌȈȕȐȧ șțȌȈ Ȑ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓ ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȣȑ ȚȖȔȐȒ șȊȖ-
ȌȈ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȊ
ǷȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ǴȖȚȖȊ ȊșȚȈȓ
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ǸȖȚȔȐșȚȘ ȗȘȖȠț ȕȍ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȖȚȖȉȍȌȈȚȤ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ț
Ȕȍȕȧ
ǪȍșȍȓȖ ȡȍȓȒȕțȓȐ ȠȗȖȘȣ ȘȖȚȔȐșȚȘȈ ǹțȌ Ȋ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ ȘȖȚȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȈȕ-
ȌȐȘȈ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȦ ȎțȎȎȈȊȠȍȔț ȕȈ ȏȈȓȐȚȖȔ șȖȓȕȞȍȔ ȠȖșșȍ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȈȧ ț ȊȈș ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ — ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ǴȖȚȖȊț
ȘȖȚȔȐșȚȘ — ȗȖȓȒȖȊȈȧ ȐȓȐ ȊȈȠȈ"
— ǵȍȚ — ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǴȖȚȖȊ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȌȊȍȘȞț — ǷȘȖȠț ȗȘȖ-
Ƞț ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ
ǴȈȠȐȕȈ ȘȊȈȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȕȈ ȠȖșșȍ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȘȖȚȕȣȑ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ ȉȣȊȠȐȑ ȗȖȌȗȘȈ-
ȗȖȘȡȐȒ
«ǹȗȘȖșȐȓ ȉȣ ȓțȟȠȍ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ȀȈȝȖȊȈ» — ȏȓȖȉȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ Ȋ Ȕȣșȓȧȝ ȘȖȚ-
ȔȐșȚȘț ȖȚȌȈȊȠȍȔț ȍȔț ȟȍșȚȤ ȕȈȋȓȖ ȘȈșȚȖȗȣȘȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȧȚȍȘȕȍȑ
***
ǬȍȎțȘȕȣȑ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕȐșȚ ȊȖȓȤȕȖȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȧȦȡȐȑșȧ ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȓ
ȠȚȈȉ ȌȐȊȐȏȐȐ
ǫȕțșȈȊȖ Ȑ ȓȍȕȐȊȖ Ȋȣȓ ȗȖȓȍȊȖȑ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕ
— ǻ-țțțț ȊȚȖȘȈȧ ȘȖȚȈ" ǬȈ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȊȈȑȚȍ Ȋȣ ȕț ȊȈș Ȓ ȟȍȘȚț ǬȈ ǴȈȕțȑ-
ȓȖȊ Ȕȕȍ ȠȚȈȉ ȌȐȊȐȏȐȐ
Ǫ ȚȘțȉȒȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȚȘȍȡȈȓȖ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȋ ȗțșȚȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȏȈ ȧȡȐȒȖȔ ȗȘȐȍȔȕȐȒȈ
ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓ ș ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖȔ ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊ
ǵȖ ȌȈȓȤ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓȈ ȋȓțȝȐȔ șȒțȟȕȣȔ ȔȣȟȈȕȐȍȔ
ǹȓȈȉȖ șȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȖȒȕȍ ȒȍȘȖșȐȕȖȊȈȧ ȗȓȖȠȒȈ ǵȖȟȤ șȚȘțȐȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȓțȕȣ Ȑ ȓȍș
ȊȉȓȐȏȐ ȕȈ ȒȘțȚȖȔ șȒȈȚȍ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȊȖȓȕȈȔȐ ȏȈșȚȣȊȠȍȑ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȓȈȊȣ
ǪȖȓȤȕȖȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȧȦȡȐȑșȧ ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊ ȕȍȗȘȍșȚȈȕȕȖ ȒțȘȐȓ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȍȋȖ
ȚȍȓȖ ȉȤȍȚ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȒȈ ȉȓȐȏȒȖȋȖ ȕȍȐȏȘȍȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ țȎȈșȈ
ǷȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȠȚȈȉ ȌȐȊȐȏȐȐ
— ǻ-ț-țțț ȊȚȖȘȈȧ ȘȖȚȈ" ǬȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȍ ȓȐȕȐȦ" ȇ" ǷȍȘȊȈȧ
ȌȈ ȗȍȘȊȈȧ
ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȝȈȘȒȕțȓȖ Ȋ șȓțȝȖȊȖȑ ȚȘțȉȒȍ ǶȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȓ țȕȣȓȖ Ȑ ȚȖșȒȓȐȊȖ ȗȘȐȍȔ-
ȕȐȒ

125
ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊ ȌȘȖȎȈȓ ȊșȍȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ
ǬȊȍȘȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖȕȤȒȖ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȊȈȝȔȐșȚȘ ǿțȉ
— ǵț ȟȚȖ ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊ"
— ǵȍȚ ȗȖȒȈ ȀȚȈȉ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ
ǪȈȝȔȐșȚȘ ȊȣȠȍȓ ǶȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊ Ȋ ȚȘțȉȒț, ȏȖȊȧ Ȋ ȉȍȏȓȐȒȖȑ ȕȖ-
ȟȐ ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȍȔȖ Ȑ ȉȍȏȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȖ ȚȘȍȡȈȓ ȗȘȐȍȔȕȐȒ
ǪȖȓȤȕȖȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȧȦȡȐȑșȧ ȖȚȒȐȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ șȚțȓ Ȑ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȟȈșȣ ǯȈȒȘȣȓ
ȋȓȈȏȈ
«ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ țȚȊȍȘȌȐȚ» — șȊȍȘȓȐȓȈ ȉțȘȈȊȖȔ Ȋșȍ ȚȈ Ȏȍ ȔȣșȓȤ ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊ șȐ-
Ȍȍȓ ș ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȕȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȖȉȓȈȒȈ ȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȔȐȔȖ
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ — ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕȐșȚ — ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ȓȦȌȐ
ǰ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊț ȗȘȖȟȤ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȖȚ ȘȖȚȣ ȌȖȔȖȑ ǹȍșȚȤ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈ țȦȚ-
ȕȣȑ țȋȖȓ șȚȖȓȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȈȚȓȈș ȉȈȉȖȟȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȌȈȊȈȓ ȍȔț ȕȈ ȌȖȔ ȗȘȍȗȖȌȈ-
ȊȈȚȍȓȤ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȐ ǭȋȖȘ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȘȐșȖȊȣȊȈȚȤ ȗȍșȚȘȣȍ ȒȘȣȓȣȠȒȐ
Ȑ ȗȖȌșțȠȐȊȈȧ ȕȈ ȓȈȔȗȍ ȈȒȊȈȘȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȒȘȈșȒȐ ȗȘȐȝȓȍȉȣȊȈȚȤ Țȍȗȓȣȑ ȟȈȑ
«ǹȚȈȕț ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȖȔ ȔȈȔȈ — ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊ ȔȈȚȤ ȟȐȚȈȊȠțȦ ȘȧȌȖȔ
ȘȖȔȈȕȣ ǪȍȘȉȐȞȒȖȑ — ȉțȌț ȕȖșȐȚȤ șȦȘȚțȒ».
— ǻ țțț — ȏȈȗȍȓ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕ ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȚȘțȉȒț
— ǷȍȘȊȈȧ ȘȖȚȈ ǷȍȘȊȈȧ ȘȖȚȈ șȓțȠȈȍȚ ǬȈ ȌȈ ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊ ǻȚȊȍȘȌȐȓ țȚȊȍȘ-
ȌȐȓ" — ț ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊȈ țȗȈȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȕțȚȘȐ
— ǺȍȓȍȜȖȕȖȋȘȈȔȔț" ǹȍȑȟȈș șȍȑȟȈș
***
ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȚȘțȉȒț Ȑ ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ ǰȏ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȣ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓ ȊȈȝ-
ȔȐșȚȘ
— ǪȈȝȔȐșȚȘ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ țȚȊȍȘȌȐȓ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘ ǹȍȑȟȈș ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕȖȋȘȈȔ-
Ȕț ȘȖȚȕȖȔț
ǿțȉ șȐȗȓȖ ȗȘȖȠȐȗȍȓ Ȋ țȝȖ ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊț
— ǸȍȎȤ șȒȖȘȍȑ ǴȈȚȤ Ȑȝ
ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȓ ȚȐȝȖȕȤȒȖ ȌȊȍȘȤ ǺȘțȉȒȈ ȚȘȍȡȈȓȈ Ȑ ȊȣȓȈ
— ǻ țțț
ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊ șȎȈȓ, ȌȘȖȎȈ, ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ǩȣșȚȘȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȖȒȕȖ ǵȖȟȤ ȉȈȦȒȈȓȈ țșȕțȊ-
ȠȐȑ șȈȌ Ȑ ȓțȕȈ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȗȓȣȓȈ ȕȈȌ ȌȖȔȖȔ
ǹȢȍȎȐȊȠȐȑșȧ șȓȖȊȕȖ șȖȉȘȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȊȍșȤ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȣȎȒȈ ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊ ȚȖȘȖȗȐȓ
șȍȉȧ ȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ
«ǹȒȖȘȍȑ șȒȖȘȍȑ»
Ƕȕ ȏȈȗȍȘ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȕȈ ȏȈȌȊȐȎȒț ǷȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȐȓșȧ ǵȈșțȕțȓ ȜțȘȈȎȒț ȗțȚȈȧșȤ Ȋ
ȘțȒȈȊȈȝ ȕȈȚȧȕțȓ ȠȐȕȍȓȤ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ ǪȖ ȌȊȖȘȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗțșȚȖ
— ǻ... țțț — ȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ ȚȘțȉȒȈ
ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊ șȚȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȖȒȖȕȕȐȒ Ȑ ȘȊȈȕțȓ ȕȖȎȖȔ ȗȖ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȈȔ ț ȖȒȖȕȕȖȑ ȘȈ-
Ȕȣ ǭȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȝȈȘȒȕțȓȖ Ȋ ȚȘțȉȒȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȍȔȕȐȒ țȔȖȓȒ ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȊȣȗȘȣȋȕțȓ Ȑ, șȋȖȘȉȐȊȠȐșȤ, ȗȖȗȖȓȏ Ȋ ȚȍȕȐ șȚȍȕ Ƕȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ șȚțȟȈȓȈ

126
ȒȘȖȊȤ Ȋ ȊȐșȒȈȝ ǵȈ țȋȓț ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ Ȋȣȋȓȧȕțȓ ǷȖȌ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȔ
ȕȈȊȍșȖȔ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ Ȑ ȚȓȍȊȠȐȑ ȒȖșȚȍȘ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓ ȌȘȍȔȈȊȠȐȝ ȌȕȍȊȈȓȤȕȣȝ
ǶȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȏȈȋȘȍȔȍȓȈ ȕȍȌȖțȏȌȒȖȔ Ȑ țȌȈȘȐȓȈ ȒȖȗȣȚȖȔ ȗȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȖȔț ȉȘțșț
— ǵț Țȣ ȝȖȓȍȘȈ — ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȕȈ ȓȖȒȚȍ șȖȓȌȈȚ Ȑ ȕȈȚȧȕțȊ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȒ ȠȐ-
ȕȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ șȗȐȕț Ȓ ȒȖșȚȘț
ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ ǹȓȈȉȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȈȧ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕȐșȚȖȊ ȉȣȓȈ ȗțș-
ȚȈ ǷȖȌȖȉȘȈȊ ȜȈȓȌȣ ȠȐȕȍȓȐ ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊ ȖȗȘȖȔȍȚȤȦ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ Ȗș-
ȊȍȡȍȕȕțȦ ȓțȎȈȑȒț
ǬȖȉȍȎȈȊ ȌȖ ȒțșȚȖȊ ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȕȈȏȍȔȤ ǹȍȘȌȞȍ șȚțȟȈȓȖ Ȑ ȔȍȠȈȓȖ
șȓțȠȈȚȤ ǴȖȒȘȈȧ ȘȖșȕȈȧ ȚȘȈȊȈ ȗȈȝȓȈ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ Ȑ ȊȓȈȋȖȑ ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȑ
ȗȍȘȍȉȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ȗȘȖșȍȒȍ ȋȌȍ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȕȈȘțȉȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȘȖȊȈ ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ șȊȐșȚȕțȓȖ ǴȈ-
ȕțȑȓȖȊ ȌȊȈ ȘȈȏȈ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ ȗȖșȊȐșȚ șȖȑȒȐ ǲ ȕȍȔț ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȓ ǳȧȔȐȕ
— Ƕȑ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȕȍ șȗȖȑȔȈȓȐ" ǻȑȌțȚ ȓȐ"
ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȓțȎȈȑȒț
— ǽȓȍȉ Ȋȏȧȓ" — ȋȓțȝȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ
— ǯȌȍșȤ Ȋșȍ Ȋ șțȔȍ
ǳȧȔȐȕ ȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȖ Ȑ ȏȈȠȍȗȚȈȓ
— ǵȐ ȖȉȓȈȟȒȈ Țȍȉȍ ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ ǹȊȍȚȓȖ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ
ǴȋȕȖȊȍȕȤȧ ȗȖȓȏȓȐ Ȉ Ȋ țȠȈȝ ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊȈ Ȋșȍ ȋțȌȍȓȈ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕȕȈȧ ȚȘțȉȒȈ Ȑ ȗȘȣ-
ȋȈȓȐ șȓȖȊȈ
— ǻ țțț ȗȍȘȊȈȧ ȘȖȚȈ" ǫȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȠȚȈȉ ȌȐȊȐȏȐȐ ǷȘȐȔȐȚȍ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕȖȋȘȈȔȔț
Ȗȉ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȍȕȐȐ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘȈ
— ǫȓȧȌȐȚȍ ȋȓȧȌȐȚȍ — ȏȈȠȍȗȚȈȓ ǳȧȔȐȕ
ǶȚ șȈȘȈȧ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȌȈȟȐ ȖȚȌȍȓȐȓȐșȤ ȌȊȍ ȜȐȋțȘȣ Ȑ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȐ Ȓ ȓȍșț ǵȖȟȤ ȔȖȓ-
ȟȈȓȈ Ȑ ȓȍș, ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ, șȓțȠȈȓ ȍȍ ȕȍȔȖȚț
— Ƿ-Ȑț ȗ-Ȑț — ȗȖȌȈȓ șȐȋȕȈȓ ǳȧȔȐȕ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋ ȚȍȕȐ ț ȌȖȔȈ Ȋșȗȣȝȕțȓ ȖȋȖȕȍȒ Ȑ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓ ǭȋȖ ȗȖȌ-
ȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ țȡȍȓȤȍ ȗȍȘȍȉȘȖșȐȓȖ Ȋ ȓȍș Ȑ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȖ, ȈȝȈȧ, ȥȝȖ ǭȡȍ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȏȈȔȐȋȈ-
ȓȐ ȊșȗȣȠȒȐ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȊ Ȑ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȖ ȏȈȋȘȍȔȍȓȐ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȒȐ
ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȉȍȎȈȊȠȐȝ țȗȈȓ ǹȚȘȍȓȤȉȈ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȤȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ ǻȗȈȊȠȐȑ
ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ǪȕȐȏț ț ȌȖȔȈ ȡȍȓȒȈȓȐ ȏȈȚȊȖȘȣ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȖȒ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȘȖȚȕȖȋȖ
ȏȈȋȓțȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȈȓșȧ:
— ǷȍȘȊȣȑ Ȑ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȊȏȊȖȌ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ țȡȍȓȤȧ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ Ȓ ȒȈȔȍȕȖȓȖȔ-
ȕȍ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȣȑ ǶȚ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȣ ȗȖ ȓȐȕȐȐ Ȋ ȞȍȗȤ
ǷȘȖȚȐșȒȐȊȈȧșȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȒțșȚȣ ȝȓȍșȚȈȊȠȐȍ ȉȍȋțȡȍȋȖ șȏȈȌȐ ǪȌȖȊȐȕȈ ȗȖȌȉȍ-
ȎȈȓ Ȓ ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊț Ȑ ǳȧȔȐȕț ȊȈȝȔȐșȚȘ
— ǫȕȈȚȤ ȉțȌțȚ ȕȈ țȡȍȓȤȍ ȋȖȕȐ Ȓ ȘȍȟȒȍ — Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț.
ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊ, ȕȈȋȖȕȧȧ, șȗȘȖșȐȓ:
— Ǩ ȉȘȖȌ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ"
ǿțȉ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȊ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȘȐȎȈȊ Ȓ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡț ȊȐȕȚȖȊȒț
— ǯȈ ȔȕȖȑ ȌȈ ȕȍ ȋțȌȍȚȤ
ǷȍȘȍȗȘȣȋȐȊȈȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȊȈȓȍȕȕȣȍ șȚȊȖȓȣ ȊȈȝȔȐșȚȘ ȟțȚȤȍȔ țȋȈȌȣȊȈȓ ȌȖȘȖȋț.
ǪȌȖȊȐȕ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔ ȍȔț ȔȍȠȈȓȈ ȘțȒȈ ȓȍȊȖȑ Ȏȍ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚȉȐ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȝȓȍșȚȈȊȠȐȍ ȗȖ ȓȐȞț ȊȍȚȒȐ

ǩȍȋȓȍȞȣ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȧȕț Ȑ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȊȕȐȏ Ȓ ȓȍșț
— ǯȈ ȔȕȖȑ, ȕȈȗȘȈȊȖ — ȗȖȏȊȈȓ ǿțȉ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȧșȤ ȟȚȖȉ ȖȚȌȣȠȈȚȤșȧ ǺȍȔ-
ȕȣȑ ȋȓțȝȖȑ ȓȍș ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉȍȏ ȗȖȘȖșȓȐ șȚȖȧȓ ȒȈȒ ȗțșȚȖȑ ȝȘȈȔ
ǹȒȖȓȤȏȐȓȐ ȕȖȋȐ ȕȈ șȖȗȘȍȊȠȍȑ ȓȐșȚȊȍ Ȑ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ ȓȦȌȐ
ǵȖȟȤ ȕȍȔȖȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ ȌȈȟȍ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ țȎȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȓȣȠȕȖ, ȒȈȒ ȚȧȊ-
ȒȈȓ ȘȈȏȉțȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȋȖȕȍȑ ȗȍș
ǬȈ Ȋ ȌȈȓȧȝ Ȋ ȈȓȔȈȏȕȖ-ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ ȊȣȠȐȕȍ ȒȈȒ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȚ ǹȊ ǷȖȒȘȖȊȈ
șȊȍȚȐȓȈșȤ «ǳȐȗȈȘȌȖȊȈ ȋȖȘȈ».
ǲ ȕȍȑ Ȋȍȓ ȉȍȋȓȍȞȖȊ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ Ȑ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ ȊȈȝȔȐșȚȘ ǿțȉ
— ǩȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗțȚȤ ȌȍȘȎȐȔ ǨȕȈȚȖȓȐȑ ǴȐȚȘȐȟ ǩȖȓȤȠȖȑ — șȖ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȑ ȚȘȍ-
ȊȖȋȖȑ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖșȍ ȏȈȠȍȗȚȈȓ ǳȧȔȐȕ
ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ șȚȊȖȓȈ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ȉȓȍșȕțȓ șȊȍȚ
ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț
ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȖȟȕȈȧ șȊȍȚȧȡȈȧșȧ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȈ
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ — Ƞȍȗȕțȓ ǴȈȕțȑȓȖȊ. — ȇ-ȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȗțȋȈȓșȧ
— ǻȒȘȖȍȔșȧ — ȏȓȖȘȈȌȕȖ ȊȣȘțȋȈȓșȧ ɎȍȖȌȖșȐȑ
ǰ ș ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤȦ ȚȒȕțȓ ȘțȒȖȑ Ȋ ȗțșȚțȦ ȚȍȔȤ ȋȘȖȏȧ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔ ȒțȓȈȒȖȔ ȕȍ-
ȊȐȌȐȔȣȔ țȎȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȟȐȒȈȔ

ǽǳǾǿȀǳǻȊ

129
ǺȧȎȍȓȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȈȓȐȊȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȝ Ȋșȗȍȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȕȈȝ ȐȏȌȈȊȈȧ ȗȘȖȚȧȎ-
ȕȣȍ ȋțȌȒȐ ©ǵȍȗȚțȕª ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȋȈȊȈȕȤ ǻ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȓȕȖȘȍȏȈ ȝȓȖȗȖȚȓȐȊȈȧ ȏȣȉȤ
ȝȓȦȗȈȓȈ Ȑ ȉțȓȤȒȈȓȈ ț ȍȋȖ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȝ ȉȖȘȚȖȊ ǪșȗȓȍșȒȐ ȗȍȘȍȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȏȍȓȍȕȣ-
ȔȐ Ȑ ȈȓȣȔȐ ȉȓȐȒȈȔȐ ȖȚ ȉȖȒȖȊȣȝ Ȗȋȕȍȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ
ǪȍȚȍȘ ȉȘȖșȈȓșȧ șȖȉȈȒȖȑ«
ǹȐȗȓȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȗȘȖȘȊȈȓșȧ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȠȐȗȍȊȠȐȑ ȗȈȘ ț ȐȏȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȓȍȉȍȌȖȒ
— ǶȚ-ȌȈȚȤ ȧȒȖȘȤ
ǺȧȎȍȓȈȧ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȈ șȖȘȊȈȓȈșȤ ȏȓȖȉȕȖ ȘȣȟȈ Ȑ ȊȖȏȔțȡȈȧ șȚțȌȍȕțȦ ȊȖȌț ǯȈ-
șȒȘȍȎȍȚȈȓȈ ȧȒȖȘȕȈȧ ȞȍȗȤ ǴȈȚȘȖșȣ șțȍȚȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ǵȈ ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȐ ȒȘȍȗȐ-
ȓȐ ȒȈȕȈȚȣ
— ǹȚȖȗ șȚȖȗȖȘȐ
ǸȧȊȒȕțȓ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȋȖȓȖș șȖ șȗȈȘȌȍȒȈ Ȑ ȓȧȏȋ ȎȍȓȍȏȈ ț ȓȍȉȍȌȖȒ șȔȖȓȒ ǷȈȘ ȘȍȏȒȖ
ȠȐȗȍȓ ț ȗȖȘȠȕȍȑ ȔȈȠȐȕ Ȑ ȏȈȝȓȍȉȣȊȈȓșȧ ȏȈȉȐȊȈȍȔȣȑ ȊȍȚȘȖȔ ǷȈȝȓȖ ȗȍȘȍȋȖ-
ȘȍȊȠȐȔ șȔȈȏȖȟȕȣȔ ȔȈșȓȖȔ ǹ șȍȊȍȘȈ ȔȟȈȓȈșȤ șȊȐșȚȧ șțȝȈȧ ȒȖȓȦȡȈȧ ȊȤȦȋȈ
— ȖȚȚțȌȈ ȋȌȍ ȖșȐȧȕȕȖ Ȑ ȍȓȍ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȔȖ ȋȖȘȍȓȈ ȈȓȔȈȏȕȣȔ ȏȈȘȍȊȖȔ ȒȖȘȖȕȈ șȍ-
ȊȍȘȕȖȋȖ șȐȧȕȐȧ
ǷȘȖșȚȖȌțȠȕȖ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȔȐȋȈȓȐ ȖȋȕȐ ǷȘȐȊȍȚȓȐȊȣȍ ȖȋȕȐ ȚȘȈȒȚȐȘȖȊ ȒȖ-
Ȝȍȍȕ Ȑ ȎȐȓȐȡ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȈȏțȔȕȖ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȊȠȐȝ ȏȍȔȓȍ șȊȖȐ ȌȕȐ Ȑ ȕȖȟȐ
_____
ǲțȚȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȔȍȝȖȊȖȑ ȉțȠȓȈȚ ǰȊȈȕ ǶșȐȗȖȊȐȟ — ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ©ǵȍȗȚțȕȈª — ȊȖ-
Ƞȍȓ Ȓ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒț
— ǵț-Ȓ ǹȚȍȗȈ ȋȖȚȖȊ" ǬȨȔ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ
ǷȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ țȔȍȓ ȔȖȓȟȈȚȤ ȕȍȌȍȓȧȔȐ Ȑ, ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȒȖ-
ȔȈȕȌț ȕȍ ȊȣȕȐȔȈȓ ȉȣ Ȑȏ ȏțȉȖȊ ȚȘțȉȒȐ
ǺȧȎȍȓȖȍ ȏȈȉȘȈȓȖ șȍȌȍȦȡȐȝ țșȖȊ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȓȖ ȍȔț Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ǸȍȌȒȖ ȌȘȈȓ-
șȧ ȕȖ ȍșȓȐ ȉȐȓ ȉȐȓ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ǩȖȓȚȓȐȊȖșȚȤ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȗȘȍȏȐȘȈȓ ȕȖ
ȌȖȓȋȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ șȖȊȔȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȗȓȈȊȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȔȐȘȐȓȐ ș ȥȚȐȔ
ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȚȖȘȖȗȐȓ
— Ǫ ©ǪȐȏȈȕȚȐȦª Ȉ"
ǷȖȟȍȔț ǰȊȈȕ ǶșȐȗȖȊȐȟ ȉȣȓ ȔȖȘȧȒȖȔ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȉȣ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȏțȉȖ-
șȒȈȓ ȕȍȗȖșȍȌȈ ȉȖȓȚțȕ ǳȦȉȐȓ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȑ țșȗȍȝ Ȑ șȟȐȚȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȔ ȖȘȈȚȖ-
ȘȖȔ ǫȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȌȓȐȕȕȖ ȕȍȓȍȗȖ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȧ șȓȖȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ
— ǷȘȈȊȈ ȕȈȠȐ — ȗȓȈȊȈȦȡȐȝ Ȑ ȚȘȧșȖȔȣȝ ȊȖȓȕȈȔȐ ȠȒȊȈȓȈȔȐ ȚȈȑȜțȕȈ-
ȔȐ șȔȍȘȟȈȔȐ — ȗȘȈȊȈ ȕȈȠȐ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊȣȔ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȔ ȕȍ țȟȚȍȕȣ ǰ șȓȈȊȈ ǩȖȋț ȋț-
ȓȧȑ, ȔȖȘȧȒ — ȝȖȏȧȐȕ șȚȐȝȐȑ Ȑ ȕȍȌȘțȋ șȗȖȒȖȧ
ǷȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȧȓ ȒȖȘȈȉȍȓȤȕțȦ ȊȍȌȖȔȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍ
ȚȖȘȖȗȐȓșȧ ǰȊȈȕ ǶșȐȗȖȊȐȟ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȟȈșȣ Ȋ ȞȍȓȓțȓȖȐȌȕȖȔ ȜțȚȓȧȘȍ
Ȑ ȓȖȔȈȧșȤ țȎȈșȕțȓșȧ
— ǹȚȍȗȈȕȣȟ ȗȍȟȍȕȒȈ ȒȐȚȖȊȈȧ ǷȖȓȌȍȊȧȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȚȍȋȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐ Ǩ Ȓ șȖȉȈȒȍ ȚȈȒ
ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ȊȈȝȚȈ ȖȚ ȗȖȓȕȖȟȐ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȍȚșȧ ȕȖȘȌ-ȖșȚ

130
— ǵȖȘȌ-ȖșȚ ȕȣȕȟȍ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ
— ǩțȌȍȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ǬȨȔ ǹȚȍȗȈ
— ǨȘȚȍȓȤȡȐȒ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȕȈ șțȉȉȖȚț  ȜțȕȚȖȊ șȊȐȕȐȕȣ Ȉ" ȀȊȈȉȘȈ ȘȣȎȈȧ
ǬțȔȈȍȚ ȒȖȘȈȉȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȊȍȌȖȔȖșȚȤ Ȋșȍ șȚȍȘȗȐȚ
ǰ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȗȐșȈȓ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȋȘȈȜȣ Ȗ șȊȐȕȐȕȍ ©ǵȍ ȉȘȍȠȐ, șȖȉȈȒȈª
— ǬȈ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȘȈȏȉȍȘȍȔșȧ ȉȘȖșȤ
ǷȖȒȈ ȉȘȐȚȊȈ șȒȘȍȉȓȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ ȗȖȌȉȖȘȖȌȖȒ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȣȟȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȖ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ ȓȍȋȟȍ ȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȍȑ ǲȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȊȏȉȍȎȈȓ ȗȖ ȚȘȈ-
ȗț ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț ț ȕȍȋȖ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȈ ȔȣșȓȤ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȓțȗȈȧ șțȌȤȉȈ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ
ȍȋȖ ȗȓȈȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ©ȒțȗȞȍª ǹȍȑȟȈș Ȋ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȣ ȗȘȖȗȐȡȈȚȤ
șȊȐșȚȒȐ ȜȈȓȘȍȗȕȣȝ ț ȉȖȘȚȈ Ȉ Ȗȕ — ȒȖȕȚȘ-ȈȌȔȐȘȈȓ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ — ȖȚȊȈ-
ȓȐȓ ȉȣ ȖȚ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ ȕȈ ȊȍȓȤȉȖȚȍ ǰ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȐ ȊȍșȓȈ ȏȈȗȈȠ-
ȕȣȝ ȊȣȋȕțȚȣȍ ȕȈ șȊȍȎȍȑ Ȑ ȒȘțȚȖȑ ȊȖȓȕȍ, ȒȈȒ ȌțȋȐ ǵȖ ȜȈȓȘȍȗȕȣȝ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȉ
țȋȘȦȔȣȑ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȣȟ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȑ ȕȈ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍȋȖ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ ȏȈȔȍ-
ȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ț ȉȖȘȚȈ ȏȈȓȖȎȍȕ șȒȊȍȘȕȖ ȒȘȈȕȍȞ Ƕȕ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ
— ǨȓȍȠȒȈ — ȘȧȊȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ ȕȈ ȊȈȝȚȍȕȕȖȋȖ — ȒȈȒȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȈ ȒȘȈȕȍȞ ȚȈȒ
ȏȈȓȖȎȐȓȐ" ǰȓȐ ȉțȘȚȐȒ șȖȘȊȈȚȤ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ"
ǷȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȌȘȈȓșȧ ȘȍȌȒȖ ȕȖ ȘțȒȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȈȧ Ƕȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȈ
ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȓȈ Ȑ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȖ țȊȈȎȈȓȈ
_____
ǪȍȚȍȘ ȏȓȐȓșȧ Ȋȣȓ ț ȗȖȌȊȖȘȖȚȍȕ ȝȓȖȗȈȓ ȊȣȊȍșȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȋȕȈȓ ȍȌȒțȦ ȗȘȖ-
ȔȍȘȏȠțȦ ȗȣȓȤ ȀȔȣȋȈȓȐ ȚȍȕȐ ȗȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȔ ȚȘȖȚțȈȘȈȔ Ȑ ȏȊȍȕȍȓȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ
șȚțȟȈȓȐ Ȋ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȒȍ ȏțȉȣ șȚȍȒȓȈ ȒȍȘȖșȐȕȖȊȣȝ ȜȖȕȈȘȍȑ
ǫȕțșȈȊȖ șȊȐșȚȧ ȕȈ ȊȐȏȋȓȐȊȣȝ ȗȍȚȓȧȝ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȌȊȍȘȤ ©ǪȐȏȈȕȚȐȐª ǹ ȊȖ-
ȠȍȌȠȐȔȐ ȊȖȘȊȈȓșȧ ȒȓțȉȧȡȐȑșȧ ȗȈȘ ȔȖȘȖȏȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ Ȑ țȚȖȕțȓ Ȋ ȌȣȔț ȕȈȒț-
ȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȧ
ȀțȔ Ȑ ȋțȓ șțȉȉȖȚȕȍȋȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȐȕȖ ȘȈșȒȈȟȐȊȈȓȖ ȗȤȧȕȣȔ ȊȍșȍȓȤȍȔ,
ȌȘȈȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȓȧșȖȔ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȉȓȈȎȍȕȕȖ ȖȉȖȎȋȓȐ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ǷȖșȗȍȠȕȖ șȉȘȈ-
șȣȊȈȧ ș șȍȉȧ ȉțȠȓȈȚ ǰȊȈȕ ǶșȐȗȖȊȐȟ ȖȚȌȈȓ ȒȖȔȈȕȌț ȗȖ-ȊȖȍȕȕȖȔț șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ
— ǰȋȘȈȑ ȏȈȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȖȉȣȟȈȑ ©ǪȐȏȈȕȚȐȐª ǯȈȋȘȍȔȍȓȐ șȚțȓȤȧ Ǫșȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ ǶȘȒȍșȚȘ
șȔȖȓȒ ǲȓȈȘȕȍȚ șȐȘȖȚȓȐȊȖ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓ
— ǺȈ« ȚȈ ȚȈ ȚȈ ȚȈ ȚȈȈȈ
ǰȊȈȕ ǶșȐȗȖȊȐȟ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȘțȒț Ȓ ȒȖȏȣȘȤȒț ǴȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ Ȋșȍ șȔȖȓȒ-
ȓȖ ȉțȌȚȖ ȒȈȉȈȒ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȐȓșȧ ǷȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȔ
ȔȖȘȍ ȌȊȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ ǹțȝȖȗțȚȕȣȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȒȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȕȖ Țȍ ȒȚȖ
ȗȓȈȊȈȓ — șȓȣȠȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȐȋ ȠȍȓȍșȚȍȓȈ ȔȍȎ șȚțȓȤȍȊ ȉȍȋțȡȈȧ ȊȖȓȕȈ Ȑ
Șȍȧȓ Ȋ ȕȍȉȍ ȗȖȌ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȖȔ ȜȓȈȋ ǰȊȈȕ ǶșȐȗȖȊȐȟ ȟȍȒȈȕȧ ȉȘȖșȐȓ
— ǰș-ȗȖȓȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ

131
ǲȓȈȘȕȍȚ ȊȏȊȐȏȋȕțȓ
— ǺȈ ȚȈ
ǸȈȌȖșȚȤ ȊșȚȘȍȟ« ǶȕȈ ȗȓȍȡȍȚ ȉțȑȕȣȔ șȔȍȝȖȔ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȖȓȋȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ȕȐȏȒȖȋȖ
ȝȔțȘȖȋȖ ȕȍȉȖșȒȓȖȕȈ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȝ ȕȖȟȍȑ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȋȘȍȉ ș ȒȐȗȧȡȍȑ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȉȍȏ-
Ȍȕȍ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȑ șȔȖȓȖȑ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ
_____
©ǩȖȚȈȕȐȟȍșȒȈȧ Ȑ ȜȓȖȘȕȈȧ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȧª ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȈȓȤȔ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓ
Ȑȝ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ țȒȘȈȠȈȓȈ șȚȖȓ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȠȐȝ ǹȚțȟȈȡȍȍ ȜȖȘȚȍȗȤȧȕȖ ȌȊȍ șȒȘȐȗȒȐ
ȌȈ ȊȐȖȓȖȕȟȍȓȤ ȔȣȟȈ Ȑ ȕȈȌȘȣȊȈȧșȤ ȋȘȍȔȍȓȐ șȓȈȊț ©ǪȐȏȈȕȚȐȐª
ǳȐȝȖ șȘȣȊȈȓ ȓȈȒȍȑ țȒțȗȖȘȒț ș ȗȐȊȕȣȝ ȉțȚȣȓȖȒ Ȉ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȗȖȌȘȈȎȈȓ ȏȊțȒț
— ȀȗȖȒ
ǰ, ȘȈȏȘȣȊȈȧ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ȒțșȖȒ ȎȐȘȕȖȋȖ ȔȧșȈ ȏȈȓȐȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȍȕȐșȚȖȑ ȊȓȈȋȖȑ ǰ
ȊȘȈȓ ȊȘȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ țȋȖȡȈȊȠȐȔșȧ ȏȈ ȍȋȖ șȚȖȓȖȔ
— Ǫ ǲȖȚȒȍ — ȒȖȒȖȚȒȐ Ȉ ȕȈ ȔȖȘȍ — ©ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊșȒȐȍ ȊȖȘȖȚȈª Ȋȍȝ ǹȍȊȍȘȕȈȧ
ȖșȚȖȊȈȧ ȦȎȕȈȧ ǺțȔȈȕ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȕț-ȒȈ ȗȖȗȈȌȐ Ȋ ȋȈȊȈȕȤ Ȋ ȚȈȒțȦ ȗȖ-
ȋȖȌț ǲ șȘȖȒț ǿȚȖ șȘȖȒȐ« Ǫ ǲȖȚȒȍ — ȒȖȒȖȚȒȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȍȑ-ǩȖȋț
— Ǩ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȣȟ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓ" ǯțȉȣ ȓȍȟȐȓ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț
ǷȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒȖȑ ț ǰȊȈȕȈ ǶșȐȗȖȊȐȟȈ Ȋ ȖȗȈș-
ȕȣȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ Ƕȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȏȕȈȓȐ Ȋ ȌȘțȎȍșȒȖȔ ȒȘțȋț ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȠțȚȧ ȖȚȉȐ-
ȊȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ȕȈșȔȍȠȍȒ ǶȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍȏȓȖȉȐȊȣ ȗȖȌȖȋȘȍȚȣȍ ȒȖȕȤȧȒȖȔ Ȑ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍȑ
ȊșȚȘȍȟȍȑ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȋȌȍ ȝȘȦȒȈȦȡțȦ șȊȐȕȤȦ Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȖȘȖȚȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȏȈ ȋȘȖȔ Ȉ
ȌȖȎȌȍȊțȦ ȓțȎț ȏȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ«
_____
ǹȚȍȗȈȕȣȟ ȋȓȖȚȈȓ ȊȖȌȒț ȏȈȒțșȣȊȈȓ Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ ǵȖ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑȏ ȉȐȓȓȐȈȘȌ-
ȕȖȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȠȒȈ țȕȖșȐȊȠȐȑ ȗțșȚȣȍ ȉțȚȣȓȒȐ ȗȘȖȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓ ȘȣȎȐȑ ȉȣ-
ȟȐȑ ȏȈȚȣȓȖȒ ȀȚȍȑȕȈ ǷȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ș țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȚȔȍȚȐȓ
— ǩȈȘȉȖș ȏȌȍșȤ
Ǩ ȠȚțȘȔȈȕ ȗȓȈȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȕȈ ©ǨȒșȍȓȍª ȗȖȧșȕȐȓ
— ǵț ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ șȚțȟȐȚ ȕȈ ȉȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȍ ǷȖșȓȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȖȉȍȌȣ ȕȈȌ
ȚȖȉȖȦ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȣȟ ȕȖș ȏȈȌȘȈȓ ȊȣȠȍ ȉțȋȠȗȘȐȚȈ ǽȊȈȓȐȚșȧ ©ǸȈȜȕȖȋȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍȚ
ȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȒȓȈșșȕȐȑ ȐȋȘȖȒ«ª
ȀȚȍȑȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȈȘȉȖș ȟțȝȕȈ ȘȣȎȈȧ șȊȖȓȖȟȤ Ȑ ȒȖȚ ǰȋȖȘȕȈȧ șȚȘȈșȚȤ Ȑ Țȡȍ-
șȓȈȊȐȍ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȐ ȕȍ Ȋ ȔȍȕȤȠȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ Ȑ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȣȟȍȔ ǷȖȉȍȌȕȣȑ ȋȘȖȔ Ȑ
ȚȘȍșȒ ȠȈȘȈ ȊȓȍȚȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȖȚ șȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ țȌȈȘȈ Ȋ ȓțȏț ȔȧȋȒȖȍ ȟȖȒȈȕȤȍ ȒȖșȚȐ
Ȗ ȒȖșȚȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȥȓȈșȚȐȟȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȚȖȓȟȒȈ ȒȐȍȔ șȗȖșȖ-

132
ȉȣ ȚȘȍȝ Ȑ ȌȊțȝ ȉȖȘȚȖȊ Ȋ ȐȋȘȍ ȝȓȍșȚȒȐȍ șȓȖȊȍȟȒȐ — ©ȠȊȣȘȧȦ Ȋ țȋȖȓª ©ȘȍȎțª
ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȍȗȖȌȌȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȖșȝȐȡȍȕȐȍ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȐȝ — Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȖ șȗȖȒȖȑ-
ȕȖȍ Ȑ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȣȟȈ ǰ ȊȖȚ ȏȌȍșȤ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȚ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȟȤȍȑ țȌȈȟȐ
ȕț ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍ țȔȍȕȐȧ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȗȘȖȠȓȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȉȍșșȓȈȊȕȖ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȏȊȈȕȐȍ ©ȒȓȈș-
șȕȖȋȖ ȐȋȘȖȒȈª Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȋȘȈȓ ȚȘȐșȚȈ Șțȉȓȍȑ
_____
ǻȎȐȕ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓ Ȓ ȒȖȕȞț ǷȖȌȈȓȐ ȒȖȜȍ
— ǸȍȊȈȕȠ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȍ ȌȍȓȖ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȀȚȍȑȕ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕț ȘȈșȒțȘȐȊȈȧ
șȐȋȈȘț — ǨȊȍr...
ǪȍșȕțȠȟȈȚȈȧ ȒȖȎȈ ȏȈȌȊȐȋȈȓȈșȤ ț ȀȚȍȑȕȈ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ ȖȚ ȝȐȚȘȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȐ Ȑ Ȗȕ
șȈȔȖȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȋȓȈȌȐȓ șȊȖȑ ȘȣȎȐȑ ȗȘȐȗȖȔȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȟțȉ
— ǿȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȈȊȍr! — ȗȍȘȍȉȐȓ ǰȊȈȕ ǶșȐȗȖȊȐȟ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȖ Ȋ ȏȍȓȍ-
ȕȣȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȀȚȍȑȕȈ — ǬȖȗȐȊȈȑȚȍ ȒȖȜȐȑ Ȑ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȑȚȍ«
ǹȚȍȗȈȕȣȟ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȉȖȧșȤ ȟȚȖ ȉȈȘȉȖș ȖȚȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȖȚ ȐȋȘȣ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȣȟ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ
ȚȈȔ ȕȈ ȔȖȘȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȖȌȈ ȜȖȕȚȈȕȖȔ ȉȐȓȈ Ȑ ȝȓȍșȚȈȓȈ ȗȖ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȖȉȕȈȎȐȊȠȐȑșȧ
ȕȈ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ ȊȖȓȕȍ ȊȐȕȚ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ șȖȚȘȧșȈȓ ȊȍșȤ ȦȚ Ȉ ǰȊȈȕ ǶșȐȗȖȊȐȟ ȔȈȚȍȘȕȖ
ȘțȋȈȓ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȏȣȉȤ șȊȖȦ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȦ Ȑ ȌȖ șȐȗȖȚȣ ȖȘȈȓ Ȋ ȘțȗȖȘ — ǹȚȍȗȈȕȣȟ
ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ Ȋ ȥȚȐ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȕțȎȍȕ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕț ǯȌȍșȤ Ȏȍ ȕȈ
ȏȍȔȓȍ ȋȌȍ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚȤ șȓȖȊȈ Ȉ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȧȎȍȓȣ Ȋ ȔȖȏȋț ȒȈȒ
ȧȒȖȘȕȣȍ ȓȈȗȣ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȓȐȊ ȊȐȕȈ țȋȖȡȈȚȤ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ
ȐȔ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȍ ȊȍȡȐ ȋȌȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȌȗȐșȈȚȤ țȌȈȟȕȣȑ ȒȖȕȚȘȈȒȚ ș ȗȈȘȖȝȖ-
ȌȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȤȞȍȔ — ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ǰȊȈȕ ǶșȐȗȖȊȐȟ Ǩȝ ȍșȓȐ ȉ ȕȍ ȥȚȖȚ
ȏȈșȖȊ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ-ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ ȕȈ ȧȏȣȒȍ Ȗȕ ȉȣ«
ǵȖ ȀȚȍȑȕ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȍȘșȚȍȕȤ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ țȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȔ ȗȈȓȤȞȍ ǲȘțȗȕȣȑ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚ ȕȈȋȓȖ șȊȍȘȒȈȓ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȀȚȍȑȕ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ
ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȔȖȘȧȒȖȊ ǶȕȐ țșȗȍȓȐ țșȓȣȠȈȚȤ ȋȕțșȕțȦ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ Ȗ ȒȖȓȤ-
Ȟȍ ǵȖ ǰȊȈȕ ǶșȐȗȖȊȐȟ Ȑ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȣȟ ȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȊȐȌ ȟȚȖ ȒȖȓȤȞȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ
— ǰ ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȍȡȍ șȒȈȎț — ȕȈȟȈȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — ǬȊțȝ ȒȓȈșșȕȣȝ ȐȋȘȖȒȖȊ ȕȈ
ȖȌȕȖȔ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȍ ȉȐȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ǷȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȐȚ șȔȣșȓț ȓȖȋȐ-
ȒȐ Ȑ ȍȍ ȟȍșȚȐ ȊȖȚ ǵȍ ȗȍȑȚȍ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȜȐȦ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȀȚȍȑȕ ȕȍ ȗȍȑȚȍ ǪȘȈȟ Ȋ
ǫȍȓȤșȐȕȋȜȖȘșȍ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȖȚ ȒȖȜȍȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȍȌȍȍȚ Ȑ ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ
ȗȘȐȗȈȌȖȟȕȣȔ
— Ǫȣ ȓȦȉȐȚȍ ȠȦȚȐȚȤ
— Ǩ Ȋȣ ȉȖȐȚȍșȤ ȠțȚȖȒ" ǵȍȚ"
ȀȚțȘȔȈȕ ș ©ǨȒșȍȓȧª ȗȖȌȏȈȌȖȘȐȓ
— ȀțȚȖȒ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȉȖȐȚșȧ Ƕȕ ȉȖȐȚșȧ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȚȤ ȏȊȈȕȐȍ ȒȓȈșșȕȖȋȖ ȐȋȘȖȒȈ
— ǭȡȍ ȉȣ șȓțȟȈȑ ȗȖȔȖȋ — ȏȈȝȖȝȖȚȈȓ ǰȊȈȕ ǶșȐȗȖȊȐȟ
— ǹȓȦȟȈȑ" — țȋȘȖȎȈȦȡȍ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȀȚȍȑȕ Ƕȕ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȌȊȐȎȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ ȘțȒȐ țȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈ ȉȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȕțȦ Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒț — ǸȍȊȈȕȠ Ȏȍ-
ȓȧȍȚȍ"

133
_____
ǵȈ ȊȖȓȖșȈȚȖȑ ȘțȒȍ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȣȟȈ Ȋ șȋȐȉȍ ȓȖȒȚȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȚțȐȘȖȊȒȈ ǷȈșȚȤ ȌȘȈ-
ȒȖȕȈ ș ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȧȏȣȒȖȔ ȠȍȊȍȓȐȓȈșȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ țȌȈȘȖȔ ȒȐȧ ȗȖșȣȓȈȓ
ȠȈȘ Ȋ ȓțȏț
— ǺȜȈ ȉȖȘȚ Ȋ șȍȘȍȌȐȕ — ȚȐȝȖ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȓ ȀȚȍȑȕ ǫȓȈȏȈ șȚȖȓȗȐȊȠȐȝșȧ
Ȋ ȉȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȕȖȑ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓȍȌȐȓȐ ȏȈ ȘȍȌȒȐȔ șȖșȚȧȏȈȕȐȍȔ ǵȖ ȠȈȘ ȖȚșȒȖ-
ȟȐȓ ȖȚ ȓȍȊȖȋȖ ȉȖȘȚȈ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ țȋȓȈ ȀȚȍȑȕ ȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȉȖȏȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȠȒȖȓȤ-
ȕȐȒȖȔ
— ǷȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ țȋȖȓ ȠȊȣȘȧȦ — ȉțȘȒȕțȓ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȣȟ
— ǹ ȗȖȗțȚȕȣȔ ȊȍȚȘȖȔ — ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ
— ǷȖȌ ȘțȒț ȕȍ ȋȖȜȖȘȐȚȤ — ȖȉȖȏȓȐȓșȧ ȀȚȍȑȕ
ǫȘȖȝȕțȓȈ ȓțȏȈ ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȊȠȈȧ ȓȖșȕȧȡțȦșȧ ȒȖșȚȤ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȣȟ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȚȖȟ-
ȕȖșȚȤ șȊȖȍȑ ȐȋȘȣ ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ Ȋ țȌȈȘȍ Țțȏ ȊȓȍȚȍȓ Ȋ țȋȖȓ ȚȘțȌȕȣȑ ȌțȗȓȍȚ
ȊȣȏȊȈȓ ȘțȒȖȗȓȍșȒȈȕȐȧ
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȣ Ȑ ȊȍșȤ ȗȖȌȘțȟȕȣȑ ȚȈȒȍȓȈȎ — ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǰȊȈȕ
ǶșȐȗȖȊȐȟ — ǺȐȠȍ ǩȖȋȈ ȘȈȌȐ ȚȐȠȍ ǸȍȠȈȍȚșȧ ȒȖȔȉȐȕȈȞȐȧ șțȌȤȉȣ ǺȐȠȍ
— ǯȈ Țȍȉȧ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȣȟ ȌȍȘȎț ȗȖȗȈ ǵȍ ȜțȒȕȐ — ȏȈȘȍȊȍȓ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȠȚțȘ-
ȔȈȕ ș ©ǨȒșȍȓȧª șȚȖȧ ȕȈ șȚțȓȍ Ȑ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȐȊȈȧ șȚȖȘțȉȓȍȊȒȖȑ
©ǲȘțȋȖȔ ȊȘȈȋȐ șȊȖȓȖȟȤª — ȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȘțȋȈȓșȧ ȀȚȍȑȕ
ǰșȝȖȌ ȐȋȘȣ ȉȣȓ ȧșȍȕ
— ǰȔȍȦ șȚȖ ȅȚȖ — ȌȍȓȖ — ȏȈȖȘȈȓ ȠȚțȘȔȈȕ
ǪȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȈȘȚȐȧ ȚȧȕțȓȈșȤ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȀȚȍȑȕ ȊȣȊȍȘȚȣȊȈȓșȧ Țȧȕțȓ ȠȈȘȣ Ȓ ȉȖȘȚȈȔ,
ȕȖ ȗȘȖȐȋȘȈȓ
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȈ ȜȐȓȤȚȘțȑȚȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ǹțȌȤȉȈ ȕȈ șȚȈȗȍȓȧȝ ț ȖȉȖȐȝ — ȊȖȓȕȖ-
ȊȈȓșȧ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȗȈȘȚȐȧ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓȈșȤ ȕȍșȓȣȝȈȕȕȖ ǲȐȑ ȀȚȍȑȕȈ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓ ȗȖ ȠȈ-
Șț Ȑ ȕȍȓȍȗȖ ȚȒȕțȓ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ǫȖȋȖȚ ȚȖȓȗȣ țȌȈȘȐȓ Ȋ șȚȍȒȓȈ Ȋ șȚȍȕȣ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȀȚȍȑȕț
— ǲȐȒș ǽȈ ȝȈ ȝȈ
— ǨȘȔȧȕșȒȐȑ țȌȈȘ
ǰ ȏȈ ȟȤȍȑ-ȚȖ șȗȐȕȖȑ ȘȈȏȌȈȓȖșȤ șȈȔȖȍ ȊȖȏȔțȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ
— Ǫ ȋȈȓȤȦȕ ȏȈ ȚȈȒțȦ ȐȋȘț
ǩȓȍȌȕȣȑ ȀȚȍȑȕ ȠȊȣȘȕțȓ ȒȐȑ Ȑ ȖȚ ȉȍȠȍȕșȚȊȈ șȎȐȔȈȓ ȟȍȓȦșȚȐ
ǷȈȘȚȐȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȖȐȋȘȈȕȈ ȗȖșȚȣȌȕȖ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȠȍșȒȐ
_____
ǫȘțȏȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȣȟȈ ȊȏȓȍȚȈȓȖ ȗȖȌ ȗȖȚȖȓȖȒ ǿȤȧ-ȚȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȗȖșȚȘȈȌȈȓȈ
ȖȚ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȉȓțȒȈ ȕȖ șȚȖȕ ȗȖȌȉȐȚȖȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȒȘȣȚ ȌȘțȎȕȣȔ ȘȍȊȖȔ ȒȈȟȈȊȠȐȝ ȗȖȉȍ-
ȌȐȚȍȓȧ Ǫ țȋȓț ș ȏȈșțȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȘțȒȈȊȈȔȐ șȐȌȍȓ ȀȚȍȑȕ Ȑ ȗȐȓ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȒȊȈș

134
Ƕȕ ȖȝȖȚȕȖ țȌȈȘȐȓ ȉȣ ȕȖȎȖȔ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȚȖ ȗȖșȓȈȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȋȈȓȤȦȕ ȕȖ ș ȚȖȓȗȣ ȕȍ
șȗȘȖșȐȠȤ
— Unerhört… — ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ Ȗȕ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȟȚȖ ȏȓȖȉȈ ȘȈșȚȍȚ Ȑ ȌțȠȐȚ ȍȋȖ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȣȟț
— ǭȡȍ ȖȌȕȈ ȗȈȘȚȐȑ
ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȌȍȘȕțȓ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȣȟȈ ȏȈ ȖȌȍȎȌț
— ǵȍ ȎȍȓȈȦ — șțȝȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ
— Ǫȣ ȊȍȌȤ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍ ȒȓȈșșȕȣȑ ȐȋȘȖȒ — șȢȧȏȊȐȓ ǰȊȈȕ ǶșȐȗȖȊȐȟ
ȀȚȍȑȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȍȘȕțȓȖ
— ǵȍȚ" ǵȍ ȐȋȘȈȍȚȍ"
ǹȚȍȗȈȕȣȟ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ
— ǵȍȚ" — ȋȓțȝȖ ȗȍȘȍșȗȘȖșȐȓ ȀȚȍȑȕ
— ǬȈ ȟȚȖ ȊȈȔ ȍȡȍ ȕȈȌȖ" — ȊȔȍȠȈȓșȧ ȠȚțȘȔȈȕ — ǰȔȍȓȐ ȕȍ ȖȌȕț ȗȈȘȚȐȦ
ȀȚȍȑȕ ȖȚșȚȘȈȕȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒȖȑ Ȑ țȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ ȕȈ ȗȍȘșȚȍȕȤ
— ǵȈ ȥȚȖ"
ǷȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓȖ ȥȜȜȍȒȚ ǷȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȍ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȓȐ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȣȟț
Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȀȚȍȑȕ șȕȧȓ ȗȍȘșȚȍȕȤ
— ǰȜȈȕ ǶșȐȟȤ ȚȍȘȠȐȚȍ ȔȐ ȐȋȘȈȍȔ
ǹȚȍȗȈȕȣȟ ȚȐȝȖȕȤȒȖ ȚȘȖȕțȓ ȠȈȘ Ȑ ș ȚȍȔ șȖȟȕȣȔ ȕȍȗȖȌȘȈȎȈȍȔȣȔ ȏȊțȒȖȔ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȐȏȌȈȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȕȖȊȈȧ ȒȖșȚȤ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȓ ȗȖ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȔț șțȒȕț
ȗȐȘȈȔȐȌț
— ǵ-ȕȈ șțȠȍ ǹȚȍȗȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȞȐȘȒțȓȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȓȧȋț Ȋ ȌȘȍȑȜ Ȑ
Ȋșȍ — ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȞȍȗȓȧȧșȤ ȏȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȞȍ ȕȈ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘȍ — ǵȖȘȌ-ȖșȚ ȕȈȟȐ-
ȕȈȍȚșȧ
— ǵȖȟȤ Ȗȟ-ȟȍȕȤ ȚȍȔȕȈȧ ȖȚȚȖȋȖ — ȗȖȧșȕȐȓ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ Ȑ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ
țȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȚȖȡȐȑ șȚȊȖȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȏȈȚȘȍȡȈȓ
ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȘȈȊȕȖȊȍșȐȍ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȕȖ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ
— ǷȖ ȉȖȘȚț ȦȎȕȈȧ ȊȍȠȒȈ ǺȈȒ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ
— ǭșȚȤ ȚȈȒ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ — ȉȍȠȍȕȖ ȗȖȌȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȒȖȔȈȕȌț ǹȚȍȗȈȕȣȟ ǰ șȘȣȊȈȧșȤ
ș ȚȘȖȚțȈȘȈ Ȗȕ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȉȍȋțȡȐȔ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȖȔ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍțȓȖȒ ȟȚȖ Ȋȍȓ Ȓ ȋȈ-
ȊȈȕȐ
©ǵȍȗȚțȕª ȋȘțȏȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȓșȧ ș ȉȖȘȚȈ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚ ǻȏȒȈȧ ȗȖȓȖșȈ șȊȍȚȈ ȖȚ ȗȖȌ-
ȊȍȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȜȖȕȈȘȧ ȗȈȌȈȊȠȈȧ ȕȈ șȝȖȌȕȐ ȔȍȘȕȖ ȕȈȉȍȋȈȓȈ Ȑ șȉȍȋȈȓȈ ȗȘȖȟȤ

ǹȚȍȗȈȕȣȟ Ƞȍȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ Ȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȘȊȈȓ ȗȖȓȣ ȍȋȖ ȔȍȝȖȊȖȋȖ ȉțȠȓȈȚȈ ǪșȚțȗȐȊ
ȕȈ ȚȘȈȗ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȏȈ ȗȍȘȍȉȍȎȈȊȠȍȑ ȗȖȓȖșȖȑ ȠȈȋȕțȓ Ȑ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȓ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖ-
Țȍ ȘțȒȐ
ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȘȍȏȊȍȓ
— ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚȖȔ
ǴȈȚȘȖșȣ ȗȘȐȉȍȎȈȓȐ ș ȜȖȕȈȘȍȔ ǷȍȘȍȊȍșȐȓȐșȤ ȊȕȐȏ ǵȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȊ-
ȠȍȔșȧ ȉțȠȓȈȚȍ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȟȈȓȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȈȧ ȊȖȓȕȈ ǵȖ
ǹȚȍȗȈȕȣȟ ȏȈȘȣȟȈȓ Ȑ ȖȚȉȐȊȈȓșȧ
— ǲȖȓȤȞȖ! — ȏȈȊȖȗȐȓ Ȗȕ ȏȈȝȓȍȉȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȋȖȘȤȒȖȑ ȊȖȌȖȑ ǵȖ ȓȖȊȒȈȧ ȗȍȚȓȧ
țȎȍ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ șȝȖȌȕȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȊȕȐȏ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȣȟ ȊșȚȈȓ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ ǹ ȖȉȊȐș-
ȠȍȋȖ ȉțȠȓȈȚȈ șȚȘțȐȓȈșȤ ȊȖȌȈ
— Ǻȣ șȖȘȊȈȓ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ" — ȘȧȊȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ ȕȈ ȔȈȚȘȖșȈ ȏȈȔȈȝȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȒțȓȈȒȖȔ
— ǻȚȖȗȓȐ ȉȣ — ȒȈȟȕțȓșȧ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȔȈȚȘȖș
— ǵȈ ȔȖȓȐȚȊț ȠȈȗȒȐ ȌȖȓȖȑ — ȏȈȊȐȏȎȈȓ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȜȈȓȤȞȍȚȖȔ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȟȚȖ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȣȟ Ȑ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȜțȘȈȎȒȈȔ
— ǵȈ-ȒȘȖȑșȤ — ȔȖȓȖȌȞȍȊȈȚȖ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ țȎȍ ȏȕȈȧ ȟȚȖ ǹȚȍ-
ȗȈȕȣȟ ȖȗȖȔȕȐȚșȧ ǷȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȖȗȍȘșȧ Ȗ ȗȖȘțȟȕȐ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȍȓ Ȋ ȋȓțȝȖ ȊȖȘȟȈȊȠțȦ
ȊȖȌț ț ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȔȈșșȐȊȖȊ ȊȖȓȕȖȘȍȏȈ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȍȋȖ Ȗ ȉȖȘȚ ȒȖȘȈȉ-
ȓȧ Ȑ ȗȓȦȕțȊ ȗȖȠȈȚȣȊȈȧșȤ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț
©ǵȍȗȚțȕª ȊȍȓȐȟȈȊȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȈȓȐȊȈȓșȧ ș ȉȖȘȚȈ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚ ǹȐȘȖ ȊȣȓȐ ȊȈȕȚȣ ȕȈ
ȔȈȟȚȈȝ Ȑ ȘȖȉȒȖ ȔȐȋȈȓ Ȋ ȕȖȟȤ ȚȖȗȖȊȣȑ ȖȋȖȕȤ
ǻ ȠȚțȘȔȈȕșȒȖȑ ȘțȉȒȐ ȉȐȓȐ șȒȓȧȕȒȐ
ǪȍȚȍȘ ȉȘȖșȈȓșȧ șȖȉȈȒȖȑ
ǷȘȈȋȈ

ȅǳȀȉǾǳ ǰǮǾǶǮȄǶǶ

137
I. ǯȈȊȍȚ ȉȈȘȖȕȈ ȜȖȕ ǻȔȓȈțȚȈ
ǶȘțȌȐȑȕȣȑ ȋȘȖȔ ȖȚȒȈȚȣȊȈȦȡȐȑșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȗȘȖȋȓȧȌȕțȦ ȖșȍȕȕȦȦ ȌȈȓȤ ȉȣȓ
ȍȡȍ șȓȣȠȍȕ ǷȘȐ ȘȈȏȘȣȊȈȝ șȖȚȘȧșȈȊȠȐȝ ȊȖȏȌțȝ Ȋ ȠȚȈȉȍ ȕȈ ȗțșȚȖȔ ȧȡȐȒȍ ȖȚ
ȒȖȕșȍȘȊȖȊ ȒȈȒ ȚȘțșȓȐȊȖȍ ȥȝȖ ȌȘȍȉȍȏȎȈȓȈ ȗȍȟȈȚȕȈȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȒȈ ș ȒȈȒȖȑȚȖ ȕȍȌȖ-
ȗȐșȈȕȕȖȑ ȊȍȌȖȔȖșȚȤȦ
ǨȌȢȦȚȈȕȚ ȗȖȏȍȓȍȕȍȊȠȐȑ ȖȚ ȉȍșșȖȕȕȣȝ ȕȖȟȍȑ Ȑ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȐ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓ Ȋ
ȔȖȑ țȋȖȓ ȗȖȓȍȊțȦ șțȔȒț țȒȘȈȠȍȕȕțȦ ȌȊȖȘȧȕșȒȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȕȖȑ
— ǻ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȏȈȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȖȘțȌȐȑ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȕ țȉȐȚȣȔ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȑ
ȉȈȚȈȘȍȐ ǩȈȘȖȕ ȜȖȕ ǻȔȓȈțȚ ǸȈȏȉȍȘȐȚȍșȤ, ȗȖȘțȟȐȒ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȈȝ
ǷȘȖșȔȖȚȘȍȊ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȟȐȊȠȐȍ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȉțȔȈȋȐ Ȑ ȜȖ-
ȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȐ ȚȘȍȝ șȒȈȒțȕȖȊ ȧ ȕȍ țȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȗȐșȈȚȤ Ȍȓȧ șȍȉȧ ȏȈȔȍȚ-
ȒȐ Ȑȏ ȏȈȗȐșȕȖȑ ȒȕȐȎȒȐ șȕȈȉȎȍȕȕȖȑ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȔ ȗȘȐȔȍȟȈȕȐȍȔ ©ǴȖȍȔț ȗȓȍȔȧȕ-
ȕȐȒț ȍșȓȐ ȧ ȉțȌț țȉȐȚ».
ǩțȌȤ ȗȘȍȌțȉȍȎȌȍȕ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȒȚȖ ȕȖșȐȚ ȔȖȕȖȒȓȤ Ȋ ȗȘȈȊȖȔ ȋȓȈȏț Ȑ Ȍȣ-
ȔȐȚ ȗȘȐȚȖȘȕȣȔȐ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȔȐ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșȈȔȐ ǶȗȣȚȕȖȔț Ȑ șȚȈȘȖȔț ȒțȘȐȓȤȡȐ-
Ȓț ȔȍȌȊȧȕȣȑ ȌȣȔ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ ȕȍȊȣȊȍȚȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȉțȌțȈȘ ȒȖȒȖȚȒȐ ǹȒȓȖȕȧȊȠȍ-
Ȕțșȧ șȖȚȕȐ ȘȈȏ Ȓ ȖȘțȌȐȑȕȖȔț ȗȘȐȞȍȓț ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȗȘȈȊȖȔ ȋȓȈȏț ȔȖȕȖȒȓȤ
ȕȖșȧȚ ȗȘȖȝȊȖșȚȣ ȚȣȓȈ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȍșȓȐ Țȣ ȗȖȏȈȉțȌȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ
ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚȤșȧ ȗȖ ȗȘȈȊțȦ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȏȈȑȔȍȠȤ ȍȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȕȖșȐ ȍȋȖ șȗȘȈȊȈ ǶȜȐȞȍȘ ȕȖ-
șȐȚ ȔȖȕȖȒȓȤ șȓȍȊȈ Ƕȕ ȒțȘȐȚ șȐȋȈȘȣ
II ǷȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȑ ȞȊȍȚȖȒ
ǵȈ Ȍȕȧȝ ȧ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȓ Ȋ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȌȧȌȐ
ǰ ȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ȗȘȈȝț șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȋțșȈȘȈ Ȑ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȈ ȇ țȟȐȓșȧ ț ȕȍ-
ȋȖ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȧ ȞȍȕȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȣȑ țȔ Ȑ țȗȘȧȔțȦ ȊȖȓȦ ǹȚȈȘȐȒ
ȗȓȈȚȐȓ Ȕȕȍ șȒțȗȖ-ȔțȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ ǷȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȧ Ȋ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ ș șȚȈ-
ȘȣȔ ȝȖȓȖșȚȧȒȖȔ ȗȘȐȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ Ȑ ȚȈȒȖȑ șȓțȟȈȑ
Ǫ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȔ ȋȖȌț ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȧșȤ ș ȊȐȏȐȚȖȔ Ȋ șȍȔȤȦ ȋȌȍ ȝȖȏȧȑȒȈ ȌȖȔȈ ȉȣȓȈ
ȐȔȍȕȐȕȕȐȞȍȑ Ȕȣ ȏȈȠȓȐ Ȋ ȞȊȍȚȖȟȕȣȑ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕ ȇ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȏȐ-
ȕț ȟțȌȍșȕȣȝ ȗȈȘȔșȒȐȝ ȜȐȈȓȖȒ
— Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȐ ȞȊȍȚȣ ȐȔȍȓȐ ȉȣ țșȗȍȝ"
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȈȒ ȏȓȖ ȉțȌȚȖ ȧ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȋȘțȉțȦ ȖȗȓȖȠ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȇ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȒȈȒ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȕȒȐȍ ȟȍȚȒȐȍ ȕȖȏȌȘȐ ȘȈșȠȐȘȐȓȐșȤ ȖȚ ȋȕȍȊȈ ǯȈȔȍ-
ȚȐȊ ȔȖȍ ȏȈȔȍȠȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ șțȝȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ Ȗȕ ȖȚȟȍȒȈȕȐȓ
— ȇ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȌȈȘȦ ȜȐȈȓȖȒ ȇ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȓ ȥȚȐ ȞȊȍȚȣ
ǷȖȕȐȔȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȌȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȕȍȓȖȊȒȖșȚȤ ȧ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ ȏȈȌȈȚȤ
ȊȖȗȘȖș ȗȘȖȌȈȊȡȐȞȍ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȞȊȍȚȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋ ȔȖȌȍ
ǴȖȓȟȈ Ȕȣ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ Ȓ ǹȍȕȍ Ǫ ȔȘȈȟȕȖȔ ȕȍȉȍ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȓȈ ȅȑȜȍȓȍȊȈ ȉȈȠȕȧ
șȍȧ Ȗȋȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȞȐȜȘȣ Ȉȓȣȍ ȔȖȓȕȐȐ Ȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ

138
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ț ȗȈȘȈȗȍȚȈ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ ȚȧȎȍȓțȦ ȊȖȌț ȘȍȒȐ
— ǪȐȌȐȠȤ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȈȊȕȖ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȊȗȓȍȚȈȓȐ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȍȟȕȖșȚȤ ȚȈȑ-
ȕț ǩȖȋȈ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖȡȍ ǷȖȟȚȐ — șȖȉȈȟȍșȚȊȖ ǷȖȓȤȏțȧșȤ ȕȍșȖșȚȖȧȊȠȐ-
ȔȐșȧ ȔȈȕȍȊȘȈȔȐ ȧ ȗȘȐȔȟȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȝ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ȅȚȖ — ȕȈȠ șȓȖȊȈȘȤ ǵȣȕ-
ȟȍ ȉȣ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ: ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈȕȈ ǵȍȎȌȈȕȕȈȧ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ — ȘȈȏȊȍ ȕȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ"!
ǩȣȓȖ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ǵȈ țȓȐȞȍ ȧ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ țșȗȍȓ ȒțȗȐȚȤ ȉțȒȍȚȐȒ ȜȐȈȓȖȒ ǪȖȠȍȓ ȉȍȏ ȌȖ-
ȒȓȈȌȈ ȊȍȌȤ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȎȍȕȐȝȖȔ ǶȚȒȘȣȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ ǷȖȔȕȐȠȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ șȌȍ-
ȓȈȓ ȋȍȘȖȑ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȝ ȒȖȔȍȌȐȑ?!
ȇ ȖȚȘȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ǵț Ȋȣ — șȍȋȖȌȕȧȠȕȐȍ ȊșȍȏȕȈȑȒȐ ǻȊȐȌȍȊ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ, ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ
ȔȍȠȈȚȤ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖȔț ȌțȥȚț țȌȈȓȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȞȣȗȖȟȒȈȝ ȗȘȐșȊȐșȚȣȊȈȧ «Tiens, tiens,
tiens...»
ǰȕȖȋȌȈ, ȒȘȖȔȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȉȍȘȍȠȤ ǵȖ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȠȊȣȘȕțȓ Ȋ ȟȍȘ-
ȕțȦ ȊȖȌț ȐȏȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȉțȒȍȚ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ȔȟȈȊȠȍȍșȧ ȗȖ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȎȕȖȑ ȚȈȒșȐ Ȑ,
șȍȘȌȐȚȖ ȝȓȖȗȕțȊ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȞȍȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓ
— ǬȖ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ
III. ǯȈȒȖȕȣ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ
ǮȈȒ ǬȦȉțȈ — ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȑ ȈȘȝȍȖȓȖȋ Ȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȒ ȈȕȚȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ — Ȏȍȓȟ-
ȕȣȑ ȐȏȔȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ Ƕȕ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȕȍȉȘȐȚ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȊȠȐȑ Ȑȏ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȟȒȈ ȏȈ-
șȈȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȈȓșȚțȒ ȊȐșȐȚ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȏȈȗȖȕȒȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȈȒȘȖȉȈȚ țȞȍȗȐȊȠȐȑșȧ ȖȌȕȖȑ
ȕȖȋȖȦ ȏȈ ȚȘȈȗȍȞȐȦ ǵȖș Ȑ ȓȖȉ țȟȍȕȖȋȖ țșȍȧȓȐ ȗȧȚȕȈ Ȑ ȥȒȏȍȔȣ
ǭȋȖ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȤ — ȖȉȘȈȏȍȞ ȗȖȌȖȉȖșȚȘȈșȚȐȧ ȓȍșȚȐ Ȑ ȕȈȋȓȖșȚȐ ǷȖșȓȍ ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ
ȋȘȈȜȐȕȈ ȉȖȘȌȖ Ȗȕ țȊȍȘȧȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ
— ǹȚȈȘȐȒ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȋȖȌț ȓȍȚȖȔ ȖȚȌȣȝȈȓ ȕȈ ǸȐȊȤȍȘȍ ǭȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȒțȗȈ-
ȕȐȍȔ Ȗȕ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȏȣ ȒȓȈșșȐȟȍșȒȐȝ șȚȈȚțȑ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȧȧ ©ȏȈȒȖȕȣ ȗȘȍȒȘȈș-
ȕȖȋȖª ǺȘțȌȕȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȌȈȓȖșȤ ȍȔț ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ǪȍȕȍȘȣ ǴȍȌȐȞȍȑșȒȖȑ Ƕȕ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȖȒȘȈȚȕȖ ȐȏȣșȒȐȊȈȓ ȍȍ ȗȖȏț ȗȖȌ ȋȖȋȖȚ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȠȍȒ ț ȒȈȉȐȕȖȒ Ȑ ȐșșȚțȗȓȍȕȕȖ
ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ©ǾȍȓȖȔțȌȘȐȍ Ȑ șȚȣȌȓȐȊȖșȚȤ ǶșȍȕȐȚȍ Ȏȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȞȍȓȖȔțȌȘȐȍ Ȑ șȚȣȌ-
ȓȐȊȖșȚȤª
IV. ǩȓȐȏȖȘțȒȐȑ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȖȕȍȘ
ǵȖȊȣȑ ȗȘȐȍȏȎȐȑ ȗȓȍȕȐȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȒȖȘȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȎȐȓȤȞȖȊ ȗȘȐȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȗȈȕșȐȖ-
ȕȈ ǲȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓșȧ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐȕȖȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȘȈșȞȊȍȚȈȓȐ ǷȖȌ-
ȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ ȝȖȚȧ șȖȗȍȘȕȐȟȈȚȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȓȍȗȖ ǬȈȎȍ ȉȖȓȚȓȐȊȣȑ ȊȖȘ-
ȟțȕ ȀȊȈȘȞ ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȜȈȉȘȐȒ Ȑ ȏȈȊȖȌȖȊ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȠȐȑ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȑ
ȗȖȚȍȠȈȊȠȐȑ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȉȓȐȏȖȘțȒȖșȚȤȦ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȏȈ ȚȈȉȓȤȌȖȚȖȔ
— ǪȍȓȐȒȈȧ șȐȓȈ — ȖȉȈȧȕȐȍ ǪȖȚ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȍȚț ǪȈșȐȓȐȧ ǫȍȘȈșȐȔȖȊȐȟȈ Ȑ Ȋșȍ
ȏȈȒȐșȓȐ

139
ǿȈȝȖȚȖȟȕȈȧ ȋȘțȏȐȕșȒȈȧ ȒȕȧȎȕȈ șȒȓȖȕȐȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȗȖȌ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȀȊȈȘȞȈ
șȖȉȐȘȈȧ ȗȘȐȓȍȎȕȖ ȒȘȖȠȒȐ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤșȒȐȑ ȘțȔȧȕȍȞ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ȍȍ ȒȘȖȝȖȚ-
ȕȣȔ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȔ țȠȈȔ ȇ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȘȐȑȚȐ ȍȑ ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ Ȑ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȚȤ
ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ
— ǵȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦ șȍȉȍ — ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ ȧ Ȓ ȀȊȈȘȞț — ȊȖ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
ȕȈȠ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȖȕȕȣȑ ȒȖȘȗțș ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȍȘȍȉȘȖȠȍȕ ȊȖ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȦ Ǫȣ ȟȐȚȈȓȐ țȎȍ Ȗȉ
ȥȚȖȔ"
ǽȖȏȧȑȒȈ ȗȈȕșȐȖȕȈ țȊȐȌȍȊ ȋȘȐȔȈșț ȀȊȈȘȞȈ — ȗȖȌȈȓȐ ȖȗȧȚȤ Șȣȉț — ȖȗȘȈȊ-
ȌȣȊȈȓȈșȤ
— ǵȍ ȊȏȣȡȐȚȍ ǫȍȕȘȐȝ ǷȍȚȘȖȊȐȟ ȕȈ ȉȈȏȈȘȍ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȒȘȖȔȍ Șȣȉȣ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ
ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȤ
— Ǩ Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ — ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȀȊȈȘȞ — ȟȚȖ
ǪȈșȐȓȐȑ ǫȍȘȈșȐȔȖȊȐȟ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȊȓȍȒȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒ ȕȖ Ȑ ȎȐȊȖȗȐșȍȞ"
ǪȟȍȘȈ ȧ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȏȈȘȐșȖȊȣȊȈȓ ȥșȒȐȏ ȉțȝȚȣ ȇ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȍȔț Ȕȍ-
ȠȈȚȤ Ȉ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȖ ȉȣ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȚȤ"
ȇ șȍȒțȕȌț ȗȖȔȖȓȟȈȓ ǹȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ ȘȍȟȤ ț ȥȚȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȖȕȍȘȈ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȧ ©ǮȐ-
ȊȖȗȐșȍȞ ȏȈȘȐșȖȊȣȊȈȓ ȥșȒȐȏ ȉțȝȚȣ»
— ǪȖȚ ȒȈȒ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȘȈȟ ȖȚȌȣȝȈȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȖȚȗțșȒț. — Ǭȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȥȚȖ ȕȖȊȖșȚȤ ȇ ȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȕȍȒ — ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ ȊȖȑȕ ǷȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȋȟȍ-
ȘȈȠȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ȗ ǵȈȝȐȔȖȊȍ Ȑ ȏȈȡȐȚȍ ǴȈȓȈȝȖȊȈ ȒțȘȋȈȕȈ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȉȓȍșȚȧ-
ȡȐ
Ǫ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȎȈȓȖȊȈȓ ȀȊȈȘȞ ǩȣȓȖ șȓȣȠȕȖ, ȒȈȒ ȏȓȧșȤ Ȑ ȘȣȟȈ
ȉȐȓȖșȤ Ȗ șȒȈȓȐșȚȣȑ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȔȖȘȍ.
— ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȍȗȖȋȖȌȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȚȖșȒȓȐȊȖ ǷȘȖȒȓȧȚȈȧ ȈșȚȔȈ ǰ Ȓ ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ ȧ
Ȓ ȊȈȔ ș ȗȘȖșȤȉȖȑ. Ǫȣ ȊȍȌȤ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ — ȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȓȦȉȐȚȍȓȤ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȈ Ǫȣ ȉȖȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣ ș ǪȈșȐȓȐȍȔ ǫȍȘȈșȐȔȖȊȐȟȍȔ" ǵȍ ȗȖȒȈȎȍȚ ȓȐ Ȗȕ ȕȈȔ șȊȖȐȝ ȘȈȉȖȚ"
— ȇ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ șȖȉȐȘȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȗȖșȓȍ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȧ
— ǷȖȑȌȍȔȚȍ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȍȔșȧ
ǪȈșȐȓȐȑ ǫȍȘȈșȐȔȖȊȐȟ ȉȣȓ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȓȦȉȍȏȍȕ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȖ ȝȖȚȧ șȗȍȘȊȈ ȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȖșȤ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȓșȧ ǵȈȉȘȖșȒȐ ȗȖȘȚȈ ȘȣȉȈȟȤȍȋȖ ȗȖșȍȓȒȈ ȔȈȧȒȈ ȕȈ Ȕȣșț ȉȣȓȐ
ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȣ ȓȍȋȒȖȑ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȘȐșȖȊȈȓȤȡȐȒȈ
— Ƕ ȌȈ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȒȈȒ ȐȏȊȖȓȐȚȍ Ȋȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ
— ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȧ — ȥȚȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ Ȋȣ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȍ
ȊȣșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ șȊȖȐȝ Ȋȍȡȍȑ"
— ǵț ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ șțȝȖȑ Ȑ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ ȠȚȘȐȝ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȑ
ȗȐȠțȚ Ȑ ȘȐșțȦȚ ȐȕȈȟȍ C’est tout Ȉ fait démodé.
ȀȊȈȘȞ ȕȍ ȖȚȘȣȊȈȧșȤ ȖȚ ȘȐșțȕȒȖȊ ȗȖ-șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȔț șȓȖȎȐȊ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȚȘțȉȖȟ-
ȒȖȑ (ȥȚȈȒȐȑ ȗȘȖȊȐȕȞȐȈȓ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȋ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȊȖșȝȐȡȍ-
ȕȐȍ
— ǷȖȉȖȑȚȍșȤ ǩȖȋȈ ǪȈșȐȓȐȑ ǫȍȘȈșȐȔȖȊȐȟ ǿȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ — «démodé»? ǪȍȌȤ
ț ȊȈș ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȊȍȘȕȖșȚȤ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȟțȌȍșȕȈȧ ȗȍȘșȗȍȒȚȐȊȈ ȇ-ȚȖ ȒȖȍȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ
ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ǰȓȐ Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȏȈȟȍȔ ț ȊȈș ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȘȐșțȕȒȍ ȔȈș-
ȠȚȈȉ" ǩțȌȍȚȍ ȗȐșȈȚȤ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț Ȉ"
— ǲȈȒȖȑ ȔȈșȠȚȈȉ" — țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ȧ ȥȚȖȔț ȊȏȌȖȘț
— ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȈșȠȚȈȉ — șȕȐșȝȖȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȐȓ ǪȈșȐȓȐȑ ǫȍȘȈșȐȔȖȊȐȟ — ȥȚȖ

ȧ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȐȓ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȍȘșȗȍȒȚȐȊț ȖȕȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȝȘȖȔȈȍȚ...
ǵȖ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȖȕȍȘ-ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȈȏȈȘȚȍ ǷȖȓȈȋȈȧ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȏ-
ȘȈșȚȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȕȍ șȚȍșȕȧȚȤșȧ Ȗȕ ȊȣȗȈȓȐȓ
— ǪȖȚ ȥȚȐ ȌȊȈ ȘȐșțȕȒȈ: ȔȈȧȒȈ Ȑ ȋȈȊȈȕȐ — ȧ ȗȖȒțȗȈȦ ǽȖȚȐȚȍ ȌȊȍ ȚȣșȧȟȐ"
ǹȍȘȣȍ șȚȈȊȠȐȍ ȕȍȌȖȉȘȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǪȈșȐȓȐȧ ǫȍȘȈșȐȔȖȊȐȟȈ șțȏȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȏȓȖ țș-
ȔȍȝȈȧșȤ Ȗȕ șțȝȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— ǹȊȖȐȔȐ ȘȐșțȕȒȈȔȐ ȧ ȕȍ ȚȖȘȋțȦ
ǫȕțșȈȊȣȑ ȋȖȕȋ ȏȊȈȊȠȐȑ Ȓ țȎȐȕț șȗȈș Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚ ȉȍșȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȕȖșȚȐ ȀȊȈȘȞȈ
ǷȖșȓȍ țȎȐȕȈ Ȗȕ ȕȈșȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ ©ȗțȓȤȒȍª ȇ ȖȚȒȈȏȣȊȈȓșȧ ȕȖ ȕȍȗȖȋȖȌȈ țșȐȓȐ-
ȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȒȖȘȖȚȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȍȟȍȘ
ǵȈ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȖȔ ȒȘțȋț ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ șȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȘȚȣ ǪȈșȐȓȐȦ ǫȍȘȈ-
șȐȔȖȊȐȟț ȀȊȈȘȞ ȐȏȊȐȕȐȊȠȐșȤ ȖȚȓțȟȐȓșȧ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț Ȗȕ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȧȝ
ǩȘȖșȐȊ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȘȣȝȓȖȍ ȓȍȕȐȊȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȧ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓșȧ ǺȊȍȘȌȣȔ ȓȍȋȒȐȔ ȠȈ-
ȋȖȔ ȌȍȘȎȈ ȘțȒȐ ȏȈ șȗȐȕȖȑ ș șȖȔȒȕțȚȣȔȐ ȉȘȖȊȧȔȐ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȒȈȘȚȖȟȕȖȔț
șȚȖȓț Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ǹȖ ȡȍȓȟȒȖȔ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȏȊȧȒȕțȓȖ ǪȈșȐȓȐȑ ǫȍȘȈșȐȔȖ-
ȊȐȟ ȗȘȐȊșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȑ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ ȚȈșțȍȔțȦ ȒȖȓȖȌț
— ǪȈșȐȓȐȑ ǫȍȘȈșȐȔȖȊȐȟ Ȗȕ Ȏȍ ǪȐȓȤȋȍȓȤȔ ǫȍȘȔȈȕ ǲȓȍȉș Ȋȣ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȕȣ
ȒȈȒ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȠȗȐȖȕ — șȓȖȊȕȖ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ țșȓȣȝȈȓ ȧ ȋȖȓȖș ȀȊȈȘȞȈ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș
ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǲȖȏȣȘȕțȊ ȀȊȈȘȞț Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȊȖȠȓȐ ȏȊȍȕȧ ȠȗȖȘȈȔȐ ȎȈȕȌȈȘȔȣ
ǫȘțȏȐȕșȒȈȧ ȒȕȧȎȕȈ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȘȖȧȓȍ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ «Liebestraum» ǳȐș-
ȚȈ ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȓȈ Ȓ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȊȠȍȔț ǲȓȍȉșț șȍȒțȕȌț ȒȖȔȒȈȓȈ ȒȘțȎȍȊȕȖȑ ȗȓȈȚȖȟȍȒ Ȑ
ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȌȈȓȈ ȍȔț ȗȖȡȍȟȐȕț

ǹǳǱǳǻǲǮ Ǽ ǽǼȄǳǹȁǳ

142
ǸȈșșȍȧȕȕȖ șȓțȠȈȧ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȈȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț ȗȖȕȐȔȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȧ
ȕȈ ȠȊȈȉșȒȖȔ ȕȈȘȍȟȐȐ ȧ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ țȓȈȊȓȐȊȈȦ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ȟȚȖ ȗȈȘȒȍȚ ȏȈȔȒȈ Ȑș-
ȗȖȓȕȍȕ Ȑȏ șȓȖȕȖȊȖȑ ȒȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ Ȉ ȘȖșȗȐșȤ ȗȓȈȜȖȕȈ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȍȚ
șȚȐȝȐȐ ȊșȍȓȍȕȕȖȑ
ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȐ ȖȋȓȈȠȈȦȚ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȣȑ ȏȈȓ ȕȍșȚȘȖȑȕȣȔ șȔȍȝȖȔ Ȋ șȍ-
ȌȖȔ șȍȘȍȉȘȍ ȝȐȚȘȖ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȍȘȒȈȓ țȔȕȖȎȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈȠȐ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ Ȉ Ȝț-
ȘȈȎȒȈ ș ȒȖȒȈȘȌȖȑ ȘȖșȓȖȋȖ șȓțȎȐȚȍȓȧ ȖȉȘȈȏțȍȚ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȊȏȊȖȌ
ǻșȚȈȓȣȍ ȋȍȕȐȐ ȌȖȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȋȐȘȓȧȕȌȣ ȕȍȖȚȞȊȍȚȈȦȡȐȝ ȘȖȏ Ȑȏ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ
ȠȚțȒȈ ȉȍȏȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȧȚ ȕȈ ȉȍșȒȖșȣȝ ȌȍȊȐȞ, ȗȘȐȊȣȒȕțȊ Ȓ ȕȍșȒȘȖȔȕȣȔ ȊȖȏ-
ȋȓȈșȈȔ Ȑ ȏȈțȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȓȍȒȞȐȐ
ȇ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȦ ȘȖȚȖȏȍȍȊ ȏȈșȚȣȊȠȐȝ ț ȚȒȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȖȋȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ȋȌȍ
ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȉȍșșȖȕȕțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕ șȗȈșȈȧșȤ Ȑȏ ǸȖșșȐȐ, Ȑ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȦșȤ ȕȈ ȚȍȘȘȈ-
șț ǬȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖȓȍȚȈȦȚ ȏȈȚȊȍȘȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȜȘȈȏȣ Ȑ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȐȝ
— Zum letzten mal war die Solitude bei dem Besuch des Großfürsten Paul von
Rußland, des spätȍren Zaren Paul I, der Schauplatz höfischen Glänzes...
Ǫ șȚȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȉȓȍșȒȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȦȚ ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȍ
ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȋȖ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ, țșȒȖȘȧȧ ȔȖȑ ȠȈȋ ǶȚȞȊȍȚȈȦȡȐȑ ȐșȗȖȓȐȕșȒȐȑ
ȚȦȓȤȗȈȕ ȚȐȝȖȑ ȏȈȘȐ ȕȈȌ ȊȦȘȚȍȔȉȍȘȋșȒȐȔȐ ȌȖȓȐȕȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȏȈșȓȖȕȧȍȚ-
șȧ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȍȔ ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȏȈȔȒȈ Ȉ ȊșȒȘȐȒ ȊȣȗȐ ȟțȌȐȚșȧ ȗȘȍȌșȔȍȘȚȕȣȔ ȝȘȐ-
ȗȖȔ țȌțȠȈȍȔȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȓȈ
ǲȈȔȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȍȘȐȓȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȏȈȡȐȚȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȈ ȊȉȓȐȏȐ șȚțȟȈȡȍȋȖ
ȠțȔȖȔ ȕȖȎȍȑ Ȑ ȊȐȓȖȒ Ȗ șȚȍȕȣ ȏȈȔȒȈ ȇ ȖȚȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȦșȤ ȖȚ șȕțȦȡȐȝ ȓȈȒȍȍȊ
ȖȚȌȣȝȈȦȡȐȝ ȔȖȗșȖȊ ȚțȘȐșȚȖȊ ȉȍșșȚȣȎȐȝ ȘȍȒȓȈȔ Ȑ ȗȘȖȉȍȋȈȦ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȈȓȓȍȦ-
ȗȘȖșȍȒț țȗȐȘȈȦȡțȦșȧ Ȋ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚ
ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ȉȈȘȝȈȚ ȓȍșȖȊ țȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȝȖȓȔȣ ȕȍȉȖ ȋȈșȕȍȚ ȝȘȐȗȓȖ ȊȚȖȘȐȚ ȗȖȚȘȍ-
ȊȖȎȍȕȕȖȔț ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒț ȊȣȗȤ
ȇ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȐȓȦșȤ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȚȤșȧ Ȗ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȔ șȓȖȊȍ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȕȕȖȔ ȞȍȗȒȐȔȐ
ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ țȉȐȑȞȣ Ȑ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȕȈȝȖȎț ȍȋȖ
— Ǵȕȍ ȖȚȔȡȍȕȐȍ Ȑ Ǩȏ ȊȖȏȌȈȔ
***
Ƕ ȊȖȏȔȍȏȌȐȐ ȕȣȕȟȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȚȖȓȒȖȊȈȚȤ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȠȒȖȓȧȘȈȔ ȌȈ
Ȑ ȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȧȚ
— Ǵȕȍ ȖȚȔȡȍȕȐȍ Ȑ Ǩȏ ȊȖȏȌȈȔ — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȦ ȧ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȧșȤ
Ȓ ȠȖȘȖȝț ȊȍȟȍȘȈ Ȋ ȓȐșȚȊȍ ȊȍȒȖȊȍȟȕȣȝ ȒȈȠȚȈȕȖȊ ǵȍ ȊȣȌțȔȒȈ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȘȖȉȒȖȋȖ
țȔȈ ȏȈȊȍȚ Ȑ ȏȈȗȖȊȍȌȤ, țșȚȘȈȠȈȦȡȐȍ ȋȕȍȊ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ Ȑ ȍȍ șȚȘȈșȚȐ" ǯȈȋȈȌȖȒ ȕȈ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȍ ȕȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȏȊȍȏȌ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȍȉȍ
ǷțșȚțȦȡȐȑ ȗȈȘȒ ȖȉșȚțȗȈȍȚ Țȍșȕȍȍ ȏȈȔȖȒ ȋȌȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȓȦșȚȘȈ ȗȖȋȈșȓȈ șȚȖ-
ȓȍȚȤȍ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȇ ȖȉȓȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȦșȤ Ȗ șȒȈȔȤȦ ȖȗțșȒȈȦ ȖȚ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȖȑ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȐ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊț șȓȍȎț șȊȖȑ ȗțȚȤ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȦ ȌȘțȏȍȑ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȚȍȟȍȑ Ȑ, ȏȈȊȖȘȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ șȚȘȈ-
ȠȕȖȑ ȏȈȗȖȊȍȌȤȦ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖȠț ȍȍ Ȋșȓțȝ
— Ǵȕȍ ȖȚȔȡȍȕȐȍ Ȑ Ǩȏ ȊȖȏȌȈȔ

***
ǵȍ ȊȐȌȧ ȕȖ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȟȤȦ-ȚȖ ȉȓȐȏȖșȚȤ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȖȚ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖșȚȐ ȧ Ȑșȗț-
ȋȈȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȦșȤ ǬȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȐșȝțȌȈȓȣȝ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȘțȒ ȘȖȕȧȦȡȐȝ ȠȈȓȤ ȕȈ
ȗȍșȖȒ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ șȒȘȍȡȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȍȗȖȌȌȍȓȤȕȖȦ ȋȖȘȍșȚȤȦ ȌȖ ȎțȚȐ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ
— ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ Ȑ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ ȕȖ ȖȚȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȏȕȈȦ ǰ
ȊȌȘțȋ ȟȍȘȚȈ ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖȌȔȍȟȍȕȕȈȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȝ ȗȖȘȚ-
ȘȍȚȖȊ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ Ȕȕȍ ȍȍ ȐȔȧ Ǫ ȏȈșȚȣȊȠȐȝ ȏȘȈȟȒȈȝ ȟȐȚȈȦ țȎȈș ȗȖȕȧȚȖȋȖ ȔȕȖȦ
ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȐȧ ȌȖȋȈȌȣȊȈȦșȤ Ȗ ȒȖȡțȕșȚȊȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȈ; ȧ șȒȓȖȕȧȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț
ȍȌȊȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖȠț
— ǪȈȠȍ ǪȣșȖȟȍșȚȊȖ
ǰȏȔȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȍ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȒȈșȈȦȚșȧ ȔȖȍȑ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȍȑ ȘțȒȐ ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ, ȥȚȖ ȌȖȝȕțȓ ȊȍȚȍȘ Ȑ ȏȈȠȍȓȍșȚȍȓ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȖȑ ȓȐșȚȊȖȦ ȒȈȠȚȈȕȖȊ Ȉ Ȕȕȍ ȓȐȠȤ
ȗȖȟțȌȐȓȖșȤ
— ǴȖȓȟȐȚȍ ǵȍ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȑȚȍ Ȗ ȒȈȘȍ ǸȈȏȊȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȍȘȈ ȟȚȖ ȉȘȈȚ ȔȖȑ șȔȍ-
ȕȐȓ ȒȖȘȖȕț ȕȈ ȗȖșȖȝ Ȉ ȧ ȥȚȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȋ ȘȖȌȈȝ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȈ șȈȔȈ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ Șȍ-
ȉȍȕȒȈ ȊȔȍșȚȍ șȖ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ?..
ǵȖȟȤ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȚ ȧȊȤ Ȑ ȓȍȚȧȡȐȍ șȘȖȒȐ ǴȖȐ ȋțȉȣ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȦȚ ȝȖȓȖȌȕțȦ
ȗȓȖȚȤ ȉȍșȟȐșȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȗȧșȚȤȧ ȕȖ ȖȕȖ ȍȡȍ ȌȣȠȐȚ ȉȍȏȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȔ ȓȈȌȈȕȖȔ
***
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ ȒțȘȤȍȘșȒȐȑ țȔȟȐȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȑȏ ȀȚțȚȋȈȘȚȈ ǯȈ ȟȈȠȒȖȑ
ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȜȍ ȕȈ ȊȖȒȏȈȓȍ ȉȍșȍȌȈ ȕȍ ȒȓȍȐȚșȧ ȇ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȓ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȘțȋȈ ȌȊȍȕȈȌ-
ȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȕȖ ȕȈȠȐ ȗțȚȐ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȏȖȠȓȐșȤ ǷȘȐȒȓȈȌȕȈȧ ȔȈȚȍȔȈȚȐȒȈ
ȐșșțȠȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȏȋ Ȑ țȒȖȘȖȚȐȓȈ ȌȖșțȋȐ ȌȖ ȔȐȕȐȔțȔȈ ȇ ȋȓȧȎț ȕȈ ȞȐȜȍȘȉȓȈȚ
ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȝ ȟȈșȖȊ Ȑ ȘȈȌțȦșȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȠȈ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȓȈșȤ ȟȈșȖȔ Ƕȕ ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȚ
— ȇ șȖȎȈȓȍȦ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȖșȚȍȑ ȕȖ ȕȈ ȏȈ-
ȊȖȌȍ șȘȖȟȕȣȑ ȏȈȒȈȏ ǲȈȟȍșȚȊȖ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȉȍȘȚȖȓȍȚȖȊȖȑ șȖȓȐ
— ǵȍ ȌȖșȈȌțȑȚȍ — ȗȍȘȍȉȐȊȈȦ ȧ — ǲȖȍ-ȟȚȖ ȧ țșȗȍȓ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȗȘȍ-
ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȑ ȜȈȘȜȖȘ Ȋ ǵȖȊȖȔ ȌȊȖȘȞȍ ȋȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȐȋȘȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȒȈȘȚȣ
ȟțȌȍșȕȖȑ șȖȝȘȈȕȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ șțȗȘțȋȐ ǷȈȊȓȈ ǷȍȘȊȖȋȖ
— ǲșȚȈȚȐ Ǩ ȏȈȔȖȒ «Solitude» Ȋȣ ȗȖșȍȚȐȓȐ" ǪȍȌȤ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȎȐȓȈ Ȑ ȚȘȈȋȐȟȍșȒȐ
țȔȍȘȓȈ ȓȦȉȐȔȈȧ șȍșȚȘȈ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȈ I-ȋȖ
— ǪȍȓȐȒȈȧ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȧ ǭȒȈȚȍȘȐȕȈ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȕȈ — ȌȖȉȈȊȓȧȦ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȊ
ȌȘȖȋȕțȊȠȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— ǬȈ ǶȕȈ ȊȍȌȤ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ ȏȈȔțȎȍșȚȊȍ ȏȈ ȋȍȘȞȖȋȖȔ ǪȦȘȚȍȔȉȍȘȋșȒȐȔ
ǲȖȏȣȘȧȦȡȐȑ ȕȖșȐȓȤȡȐȒ ȖȉȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȧ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȗȖȍȏȌ ȇ ș Ȗȉ-
ȓȍȋȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȦ ȖȒȕȖ ȊȈȋȖȕȈ ǵȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȓȍȚȧȚ ȖȋȕȐ șȍȔȈȜȖȘȖȊ Ȑ ȘȈȏȢȍȏ-
ȌȖȊ ȔȖȓȕȐȐ ȔȟȈȡȐȝșȧ ȘȍȓȤș ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȐȦȓȤșȒȈȧ ȕȖȟȤ

ǽȍȀȊ ǱǾǮǰȌǾ

145
I ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȈȜȖȘȐȏȔ ǹȍȉȈșȚȤȧȕȈ ǴȍȓȤȔȖȚȈ*
ǷȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ, ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȔ ȋȖȌț Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ, Ȋ ȗȖȠȓȍȑȠȍȔ ȗȈȘȒȍ ǴȖȕșȖ ȧ
ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ǶșȒȈȘȈ ǻȈȑȓȤȌȈ ȊȍȌȤ Ȋȣ Ȏȍ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ, ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȍȕ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț ȧ
șȚȈȓ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ Ȋ ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȐȍ Ǵȣ țșȓȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ș ȗȖȥȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȤ ȕȈȠț ȉȍșȍȌț Ȗ
ȕȖȊȖȑ ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȍ ©ǹȈȓȖȔȍȐª Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ ȕȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ǵȖ 13-ȋȖ ȔȈȧ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ șȗȍȠȕȖ ȊȣȏȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ǩȍȘȓȐȕ Ȑ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ țȌȈșȚșȧ ȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȍȡȍ
ȘȈȏ ȊȣȗȐȚȤ ȉȖȒȈȓ ȖȘȈȕȎȈȌȈ ț ȞȐȕȒȖȊȖȑ șȚȖȑȒȐ ȉȐșȚȘȖ ȋȓȧȌȧ Ȋ țșȚȈȓȣȍ, șȊȐȕ-
ȞȖȊȖ-ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǹȍȉȈșȚȤȧȕȈ ǴȍȓȤȔȖȚȈ
ǭȋȖ ȡȍȒȐ ȊȣȞȊȍȓȐ Ȑ ȕȍȉȘȐȚȣ ȗȐȌȎȈȒ ȐȏȕȖșȐȓșȧ ȝȖȓȍȕȣȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȗȖȉțȘȍ-
ȓȐ ȖȚ ȕȐȒȖȚȐȕȈ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȌȍȠȍȊȣȝ ȗȈȗȐȘȖș ȇ ȕȈȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȥșȚȍȚț Ȗȉ ȍȋȖ
șȚȈȚȤȍ Ȗ șȖȞȐȈȓȐȏȔȍ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȎȌȈȓ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗ ȗȖȌ-
ȊȐȋȈȝ ǬȏȍȘȎȐȕșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ǺȘȖȞȒȖȋȖ
— C’est impossible cȍ que vous racontez...
— ǻȊȣ ȔȥȚȘ Ǫ  ȋȖȌț ȕȈ ǪȖȓȋȍ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȖ ȖȚ ȋȖȓȖȌȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ
ȓȦȌȍȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȊȠȐȝ ȉȈșȕȧȔ ȗȘȖȋȘȍșșȐȊȕȖȋȖ ȗȈȘȈȓȐȚȐȒȈ ǵț Ȉ ȊȈȠȐ șȖȖȚȍȟȍșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȐȞȣ ȐȏȋȕȈȊȠȐȍ ǩȈȑȘȖȕȈ Ȋ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȔ ȊȍȒȍ Ȉ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȕȞȍ — ȊȈș Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐ ȒȖȘȔȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ șȊ ǴȈȘȒȈ ȉȍȓȣȔ ȝȓȍȉȖȔ ȒȓȈșșȐȟȍșȒȐȝ
ȊȍȕȍȞȐȈȕșȒȐȝ ȋȖȓțȉȍȑ
ǰȏȋȕȈȕȕȐȒ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ Ȑ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȗȖ șȚȈȘȖȑ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȖ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȍȔț ȗȖ-
ȉțȎȌȍȕȐȦ, ȉȘȖșȐȓ șȊȖȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȈȜȖȘȐȏȔ
— ǹȖȏȌȈȊȈȧ ȓȍȋȍȕȌț — țșȓȣȝȈȓ ȧ — ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ ȚȊȖȘȐȚ ȔȐȘ ȘȈȏȘțȠȈȧ ȔȐȘ
ȌȍșȗȖȚ ȚȊȖȘȐȚ ȓȍȋȍȕȌț...
ǪȧȓȖ ȗȖȌȈȊ Ȕȕȍ ȘțȒț ǹȍȉȈșȚȤȧȕ ǴȍȓȤȔȖȚ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȇ Ȏȍ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȏȈȕȍș
ȍȋȖ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȋ ȏȈȗȐșȕțȦ ȒȕȐȎȒț ȟȚȖȉȣ șțȔȍȚȤ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔȐ ȒȚȖ
ȊȏȌțȔȈȓ ȉȣ ȖȉȖȏȊȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȟȐȚȈȧ ȥȚȐ șȚȘȖȒȐ ȓȎȍȞȖȔ
II. La belle chocolatiere **
ǮȈȕ ȅȚȤȍȕ ǳȐȖȚȈȘ șȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȎȐȊȖȗȐșȍȞ Ȑ ȉȘȖȌȧȋȈ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț ȕȈșȒțȟȐȊ
ǲȖȕșȚȈȕȚȐȕȖȗȖȓȍȔ Ȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȔ ȒȖșȚȦȔȖȔ ȚțȘȒȈ ȠȍȌȠȐȔ ȍȔț ȗȘȈȊȌȈ Ȓ ȓȐȞț
ȉȍȏ ȖșȖȉȖȋȖ ȚȘțȌȈ țȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞț ǩȈȓȤȌȈțȜ ȕȈȌȍȚȤ ȟȍȗȍȞ Ȑ ȉȍȓȖșȕȍȎȕȣȑ
ȗȍȘȍȌȕȐȒ ǲȖȒȍȚȒȈ ȕȍ șȚȈȓȈ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȞȍȓȖȔțȌȘȍȕȕȍȑ ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȚȖ
ȕȈ ȗȖȌȕȖșȍ ȖȕȈ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ ȜȈȘȜȖȘȖȊțȦ ȟȈȠȒț ȠȖȒȖȓȈȌȈ — ȕȈȗȐȚȒȈ ȗȘȧȕȖȋȖ
ȊȍȒȈ ȖȗȓȈȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȔȈȘȒȐȏȣ ǳȈȔȉȈȓȤ Ȑ ȒțȌȘȧȔȐ ȦȕȖȋȖ ȌȖ-
ȜȐȕȈ ǵȖ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȕȣ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȉțȌțȡȍȍ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȏȕȈȓȐ Ȕȣ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓȐ ȉȣ Ȋȍ-
ȘȐȚȤ Ȋ ȗȍȘșȚ ǷȘȖȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ
ǵȈȗȐșȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ ȊȣȏȊȈȓ ȊȖșȝȐȡȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȕȐ ȋȓțȔȐȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒ ȕȐ șȊȐ-
* Ɉ ɍɚɣɥɶɞ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɬɛɵɬɢɹ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɬɨɪɠɧɨɣ ɬɸɪɶɦɟ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɥ ɩɨɞ ɷɬɢɦ ɢɦɟɧɟɦ ɜ ɉɚ-
ɪɢɠɟ ɝɞɟ ɢ ɭɦɟɪ Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɩɪɢɦ ɚɜɬ.).
** Ɍɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɤɚɦɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬ Ȼɚɥɶɞɚɭɮ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɀ ɗ
Ʌɢɨɬɚɪɨɦ

146
ȘȍȗșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȟȍȘȕȤ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȗȖ șȐȦ ȗȖȘț ȊȐșȐȚ Ȋ Zwinger’ȍ Ȋ ȚȖȔ șȈȔȖȔ ǬȘȍȏȌȍȕȍ
ȋȌȍ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ ǨȊȋțșȚ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȕȖ ȕȍșȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȉȘȖȕȏȖȊȖȔ ȎȍȘȍȉȞȍ Ȋ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȍ șȗȈ-
șȈȧșȤ ȖȚ ȓȖȒȖȔȖȚȐȊȖȊ Ȑ ȏȈȊȖȌșȒȐȝ ȋțȌȒȖȊ
ǷȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȣȑ șȓțȎȐȚȍȓȤ Ȕțȏȍȧ Ȑ ȌȖȚȘȖȕțȊ-
ȠȐșȤ ȌȖ ȗȓȍȟȈ ȊȣȊȍȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑȏ ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍȕȐȧ
— ǹțȌȈȘȤ ȊȈș ȊȐȌȐȔȖ țȊȓȍȒ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȒȐ ǯȈ  ȓȍȚ ȔȖȍȑ șȓțȎ-
ȉȣ Ȋ șȚȍȕȈȝ ȥȚȐȝ ȌȊțȝ ȏȈȓ ȧ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȦ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȧ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ...
ǰ șȚȈȘȐȒ țȓȣȉȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ
— Ǫȣ ȊȖȠȓȐ șȦȌȈ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȖȓțȌȕȧ Ȉ șȍȑȟȈș 4 ȟȈșȈ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ǫȈȓȍȘȍȧ ȏȈ-
ȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ
ȇ ȖȚȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȖȚ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȊȕȧȚȕȖȍ Ȑ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ Ȓ Ȋȣ-
ȝȖȌț ǮȍȓȈȧ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕțȦ ȗȈșȚȍȓȤ ȧ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȏȈȌȖȘȕȣȍ
ȋȓȈȏȈ ȓțȒȈȊȖȑ ȠȖȒȖȓȈȌȕȐȞȣ ǯȈ șȊȖȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȧ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȕȈțȟȐȓșȧ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȚȤ
ȧȏȣȒ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȊ ȕȍȌȊțșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȉȍȡȈȕȈ ȕȖȟȤ
ǳȦȉȖȊȤ ȊȖȏȕȈȔȍȘȐȓȈșȤ șȚȈȚȤ ȌȖȉȘȖȌȍȚȍȓȤȦ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȈȕȒȦȓȖȚȣ șȖȎȋȓȐ ©ǲȈ-
ȚȍȝȐȏȐș șȚȘȈșȚȐª ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘȈ Ȍȍ ǹȈȕ ǫȈȓȤȚȈ ȌȈȘȧ ȕȖȊȖȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȔ ©ǬȍȒȓȈȘȈȞȐȦ
ȗȘȈȊ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȑ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȐȕȈª Ǫȣ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ǬȘȍȏȌȍȕ
Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȖȉȖȓȤșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ǩȈȓȤȌȈțȜ ȗȐȓ ȓȐ ȧ Ȋ Țț ȕȖȟȤ ȍȍ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȣȑ ȕȈ-
ȗȐȚȖȒ Ȑ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȖȕȈ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ Ȑȏ Ȕțȏȍȧ ȌȖ ȏȈȘȐ  ȖȒȚȧȉȘȧ 9 ȋ ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ
ȏȈșȚȍȕȟȐȊȣ Ȑ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍșȒȘȖȔȕȖșȚȤ ȖȕȈ ȗȖșȔȍȍȚșȧ ȕȈȌ ȊȈȔȐ Ȑ —
ȌȈȦ șȓȖȊȖ ȕȈȏȖȊȍȚ ȊȈș ȗȘȖȊȐȕȞȐȈȓȖȔ ȇ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȊȈș ȎȌȍȚ
țșȗȍȝ ȗȖȊȍȘȕȍȚ ȓȐ ȒȖȒȍȚȒȈ Ȑ Ȓ ȊȈȔ șȊȖȑ ȒȈȗȘȐȏȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȜȐȓȤ" ǪȍȌȤ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȗȐ-
șȈȓ ȍȍ șȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȎȐȊȖȗȐșȍȞ Ȑ ȉȘȖȌȧȋȈ ǮȈȕ ȅȚȤȍȕ ǳȐȖȚȈȘ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ, ȘȍȊȕțȧ
ȍȍ Ȓ ȗȖȚȖȔșȚȊț
III. ǪȖȓȠȍȉȕȣȑ ȊȖȌȖȔȍȚ
ǿȚȖȉȣ ȗȖșȚȐȟȤ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȐȍ ȋȖȓțȉȖȑ ȘȐȏȣ ȈȗȘȍȓȤșȒȖȋȖ ȕȍȉȈ ȕȈȌ ȗȈȘȒȖȔ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȒȖșȕțȚȤșȧ ȊȖșȝȐȡȍȕȕȖȑ ȓȈȌȖȕȤȦ ȚȍȗȓȖȋȖ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȈ ȓȤȊȖȊ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȦȡȐȝ
ȠȐȘȖȒȐȍ ȚȍȘȘȈșȣ ȊȍȌțȡȐȍ Ȓ ȔȖȘȦ ȋȌȍ șȒȈȓȣ ȖȉȘȣȏȋȈȕȣ ȗȍȕȖȑ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȋȓȐ-
ȞȐȕȐȐ Ȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ ȔȍȌȊȧȕȖȋȖ ȌȘȖȒȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ țșȓȣȠȈȚȤ ȡȍȉȍȚ ȓȈșȚȖȟȒȐ ȊȣȗȖȘȝ-
ȕțȊȠȍȑ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȒȐȗȈȘȐșȈ ȗȖȏȖȊȐȚȍ ȏțȉȖșȒȈȓȈ ǨȓȐ ȊȍȓȐȚȍ ȖșȍȌȓȈȚȤ ȓȖ-
ȠȈȌȍȑ ȖȚȒțȗȐȚȍșȤ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȜȍȑȕȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȓȍȏ ș ȘȈȏȢȧșȕȍ-
ȕȐȧȔȐ ȟȚȖ șȈȔȈȧ ȒȘȈșȐȊȈȧ ȋȖȘȈ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ Ǩȑ-ǷȍȚȘȐ Ȉ ȋȘȈȜ ǪȖȘȖȕȞȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȉȖ-
ȋȈȟȍ ȞȈȘȧ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȧ Ȑ țȔȟȐȚȍșȤ Ȋ ǨȓțȗȒț ǷȘȐȌȍȘȎȐȚȍ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ ȊȏȔȣȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȖȚ ȋȈȓȖȗȈ ȕȈ ȒȘțȚȖȔ ȠȖșșȍ ș ȚȖȕȒȐȔȐ ȡȐȒȖȓȖȚȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȒȖȗȣȚȈȔȐ Ȗșȣ-
ȗȈȕȕȣȔȐ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȖȑ ȗȣȓȤȦ, Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȑȌțȚ țȗȘțȋȐȔ ȠȈȋȖȔ ǷȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȚȍ ȊȈ-
Ƞȍȑ șȗțȚȕȐȞȍ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȐȧȍȚ ȓȐȞȖ ȖȚ ȊȍȚȘȈ Ȑ ȠȍșȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȓȍȚ Ȉ ȋțȉȣ ȍȡȍ
ȕȐ ȘȈȏț ȕȍ ȒȘȐȊȐȓȐșȤ ȖȚ ȗȖȝȖȚȐ ȊȣȗȐȚȤ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȉțȚȣȓȒț șȖȚȍȘȕȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈ-
ȡȈȑȚȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȎȈȌȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȒȘȐȗȈȟȈ-ȘțȔȣȕȈ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȊȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ
ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȦ... ǪȈȠ șȚȈȒȈȕ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȕȐȚșȧ ȈȘȖȔȈȚȖȔ ȖȚȞȊȍȚȠȍȋȖ ȓȈȊȘȈ Ȉ ȌțȠȈ
ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚ ȟȚȖ ȌȖ ȊȈș ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȓȈȌȍȓ șȟȈșȚȤȍȔ Ȑ ȊȍȟȕȖșȚȤȦ Ǩ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȍșȖȒ ȕȈ
ȌȖȘȖȎȒȍ șȚȈȕȍȚ ȋȓțȠȍ ȏȊȍȕȍȚȤ ȖȚ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȠȈȋȖȊ Ȑ ȕȈ ȏȈȗȈȌȍ ȗȖȋȈșȕțȚ ȕȍȉȍșȕȣȍ

147
ȔȈȓȤȊȣ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȍșȤ ț șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȊȖȌȖȍȔȈ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȌȘȍȔȖȚȕțȦ ȘȍȟȤ ǶȕȈ
șȗȈșȍȚ ȊȈș ȖȚ ȊȖȒȏȈȓȖȊ ȗȣȓȍșȖșȖȊ Ȑ ȉȈȘȖȊ ȖȕȈ ȏȈȋȓțȠȐȚ ȗȖșȊȐșȚ ȔȍȚȘȖ ǷȈȘȐ-
ȎȈ Ȑ ȊȣȒȘȐȒȐ ȘȈȏȕȖșȟȐȒȖȊ ȝȈȓȊȣ ǹȚȈȔȉțȓȈ ȌȎȈȏ-ȉȈȕȌ ȒȈȉȈȒȖȊ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȈ șȗȈ-
șȍȚ ȖȚ ȕȈȏȖȑȓȐȊȖȑ ȠȈȘȔȈȕȒȐ ǷȘȈȚȍȘȈ ȘȈșșȍȍȚ ȟȍȘȕȖȍ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ǷȘȈȋȐ ǶȕȈ ȏȈ-
șȚȈȊȐȚ ȊȈș ȒȈȒ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȠȍșȚȖȔ ȥȚȈȎȍ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȕȈ ȔȐȋ ȊȕȖȊȤ țșȓȣ-
ȠȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȋȖȓȖș ȏȊȍȕȧȡȐȑ șȟȈșȚȤȍȔ Ȑ ȊȍȟȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȋ șȚȘțȍ ȊȖȌȣ ț ȕȍȏȈȒȘȣȚȖȋȖ Ȋ
ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȖșȚȐ ȒȘȈȕȈ
IV. ǺȡȍșȓȈȊȕȈȧ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈ
ǹȗȈșȈȧșȤ ȖȚ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȣȝ Ȑ ȕȍșȒȘȖȔȕȖȑ țȓȐȞȣ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȦȚșȧ
ȟȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȉȍȏȓȦȌȕȖȔ Ȕțȏȍȍ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȍȚ Ȑȝ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍ ǶȕȐ ȊȖȑȌțȚ Ȋ
ȉȍȏȔȖȓȊȕȣȑ ȏȈȓ ȋȌȍ țȎȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ șȊȍȓȐ șȊȖȑ ȕȍȘȈȊȕȣȑ șȟȍȚ ș ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȖȌ-
Ȟȣ Ȑ ȔȖȕȈȘȝȐ ȟțȌȈȒȐ Ȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȟȍȚȣ ȒțȘȚȐȏȈȕȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖȥȚȣ
ǶȕȐ ȕȍ ȗȖșȔȍȦȚ ȖșȒȖȘȉȐȚȤ ȔțȌȘȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȖȒȖȧ ȗȘȐȦȚȐȊȠȍȋȖ Ȑȝ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȈ
Ȑ ȉțȌțȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ ǵȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍȊȏȕȈȟȈȑ șȒțȟȈȦȡȐȑ șȓțȎȐȚȍȓȤ ș ȔȖȓ-
ȟȈȓȐȊȣȔ țȗȘȍȒȖȔ ȊȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȍ ȌȈșȚ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȗȈȓȐ șȦȌȈ ȗȖ ȖȠȐȉȒȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȚȊȖȘȧȧșȤ ȖȕȐ șȒȓȖȕȧȚșȧ ȕȈȌ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȕȣȔ ȋȘȖȉȖȔ — ȕțȔȍȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȊȐȚȘȐȕȖȑ
ǳȍȋȒȖ Ȑ ȕȍȎȕȖ ȒȖșȕȍȚșȧ ȖȕȈ șȊȖȐȔ ȗȓȍȟȖȔ șȗțȚȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȉȍȏțȟȈșȚȕȖȍ șȚȍȒȓȖ
ȖȚȘȈȏȐȚ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȟțȌȖ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȐȔȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȚȤ Ȋșțȍ
ǪȣȕțȎȌȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚ ȕȍȊȐȌȧȡȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȎȍȓȚȍȊȠȐȝ ȕȈȗȖ-
ȓȖȊȐȕț ȐșȚȓȍȊȠȐȝ ȖȚ ȗȘȖȔȟȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȊȍȒȈ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȗȐșȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȍȡȍ ȖȚ ȘțȒȐ ǹ țșȐȓȐȍȔ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȧ ȊȣȞȊȍȚȠȐȍ șȚȘȖȟȒȐ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ
ȏȈșȊȍȚȧȚșȧ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ ȐȡȈ țȟȈșȚȐȧ șȗțȚȕȐȒȈ
— ǪȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ Ȓ șȟȈșȚȤȦ — șȒȈȎȍȚ ȖȕȈ — ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȝȘȈȕȧȚșȧ ȥȚȐ
ȘțȒȖȗȐșȐ
ǵȖ ȝȘȈȉȘȍȞ ȗȣȚȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ȖȚȊȓȍȟȤ ȗȖȌȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȕȐȍ șȓțȎȐȚȍȓȧ, ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȦ-
ȡȍ șȗȘȖșȐȚ
— ǿȚȖ Țȣ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ"
ǪȗȖȓȋȖȓȖșȈ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȓȐȠȤ Ȗȕ ȌȈ ǩȖȋȖȔȈȚȍȘȤ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȔȈșȚȍȘȈ ȏȈ-
ȉȈȊȓȧȦȡȈȧ ǴȓȈȌȍȕȞȈ ȒȖȚȍȕȒȖȔ țșȓȣȝȈȓȐ Ȑȝ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȟȚȍȚ ȥȚȐ șȚȘȖȟ-
ȒȐ
— ǹȗȈșȈȧșȤ ȖȚ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȣȝ Ȑ ȕȍșȒȘȖȔȕȖȑ țȓȐȞȣ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȦȚșȧ,
ȟȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȉȍȏȓȦȌȕȖȔ Ȕțȏȍȍ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȍȚ Ȑȝ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍ
V. ǵȍȟȈȧȕȕȈȧ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ
ǩȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȕȈȧ ȡȍȓȒȈȍȚ țȗȘțȋȐȔȐ ȠȈȘȈȔȐ Ȑ ȔȈȧȟȐȚ ȓȖșȕȧȡȐȔȐșȧ ȓȣșȐȕȈ-
ȔȐ ǯȍȓȍȕȣȍ ȓțȎȈȑȒȐ șȚȖȓȖȊ ȗȤȦȚ ȏȓȖȍ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ǼȈȘȐșȍȐ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȖșȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǷțșȚȤ ȗȖȗȘȖȉțȦȚ ȧȊȐȚȤșȧ șȦȌȈ Ȋ șțȉȉȖȚț ǰȝ ȊȏȌțȦȚ
ȒȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȌțȚ Ȋ țȟȈșȚȖȒ

ǵȈȏȖȑȓȐȊȣȑ ȊȍȕȚȐȓȧȚȖȘ ȋȓȖȚȈȍȚ ȌȣȔ Ȑ ȎțȎȎȐȚ ȒȈȒ ȊȣȒȓȦȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȗȍȓȓȍȘ Ȉ ȘȣȎȈȧ ȒȖȒȖȚȒȈ ȊȣȗȐȊ ȠȖȒȖȓȈȌ ȗȘȖȚȐȘȈȍȚ ȕȖș ȏȈȝȊȈȚȈȕȕȖȑ ȎȐȘ-
ȕȖȑ ȗțȝȖȊȒȖȑ ǹȓȈȊȈ ȠțȔȐȚ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ț ȕȍȍ Ȑȏ ȗȈȘȈȜȐȕȈ.
ǯȈȟȍȔ ȗȖȍȚ ǹȖȓȤȊȍȑȋ ȐȏȕȣȊȈȧ ȗȖ ȟțȌț Ȑ ȚȘȍȗȍȡȈ ȕȈ șȚȘțȕȈȝ" ǪȍȌȤ ȍȍ ȌȈȊ-
ȕȖ ȘȈȏȖȉȓȈȟȐȓ ȏȊȖȕ ȕȖȎȍȑ Ȑ ȗȖșțȌȣ
ǻ șȚȖȓȐȒȈ ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ șȐȌȐȚ ȗȖȓȐȕȧȊȠȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȔȍȎȌțȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȑ ȕȈȘțȎȕȖ-
șȚȐ ǬȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ, Ȗȕ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȕȍțȔȍȘȍȕȕȖ ȋȓȖȚȈȓ ȓȈȜȐȚ Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ
ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȞȣ ȠȍȗȟȍȚșȧ ș ȉȍșșȖȕȕȐȞȍȑ ǳȖȉ ȍȋȖ țȎȍ ȖȉȕȈȎȐȓșȧ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ
Ȕȓȍȟȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȉȖȘ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȗȍȘȍȕȍșȚȐ ȗȖȉȓȐȎȍ Ȓ ȊȣȞȊȍȚȠȍȔț țȝț ǹȐȕȐȍ ȗȧȚ-
ȕȈ ȗȖȌ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȈȘȐȒȔȈȝȍȘț ȐșȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȍ ȗȖȌ șȐȓț ș ȥȚȐ-
ȔȐ ȖȘȌȍȕȈȔȐ ȍȋȖ șȕȍșțȚ ȕȈ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȍ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȊȖȘȖȝ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȐȝ ȋȈȏȍȚ ȘȦȔ-
ȒȈ ȕȍȌȖȗȐȚȖȋȖ ȒȖȕȤȧȒȈ Ȑ ȒȕȐȋȈ Ȋ ȎȍȓȚȖȑ ȖȉȓȖȎȒȍ ȇ ȗȖȟȚȐ țȉȍȎȌȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ
ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘ șȚȖȚȣșȧȟȕȖȋȖ ȚȐȘȈȎȈ ǴȈȘȋȍȘȐȚȈ ȉȍȏ ȗȘȖȗțșȒȖȊ ȞȍȕȏțȘȣ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȖȌ-
ȓȐȕȕȐȒȍ ȇ ȓȖȊȓȦ ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉȕȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȞȈ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȒȈȒ șȚțȌȍȕȤ țșȚ-
ȘȐȞȣ ǳȍȕȐȊȖ șȌȊȐȕțȊ ȖșȚȘȣȑ ȟȍȘȍȗ Ȗȕ ȖȚȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț Ȑ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ
— ȉȘȍȏȋȓȐȊȖȔ Ȑ șȒțȟȕȖȔ — ȗȖȓȏȍȚ ȊȍȚȝȈȧ ȌțȔȈ Ȗ ȊșȍșȊȍȚȕȖȔ ȝȈȔșȚȊȍ ȇ ȕȍ ȚȖ-
ȓȤȒȖ ȏȈȌȍȚ ȕȖ Ȑ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȕ ǷȖȌȏȣȊȈȦ ȓȈȒȍȧ
— ǿȍȋȖ ȐȏȊȖȓȐȚȍ șțȌȈȘȤ"
— ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ȒȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȔ șȐȌȐȚ"
ǯȈ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ ȟȈȍȊȣȍ ȗȖȊȣȠȈȦȚșȧ
— ȅȚȖ — ȎȍȕȈ ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘȈ ȐȗȖȚȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȉȈȕȒȈ
— ǬȈ ȧ ȕȍ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȇ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ șțȉȢȍȒȚȍ ș ȌȊȖȘȧȕșȒȐȔ ȗȍȘșȚȕȍȔ ț șȚȖ-
ȓȐȒȈ ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ
ǳȈȒȍȑ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȍȚ șȔțȡȍȕ; ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȔ ȧ ȕȍ țȊȍȘȍȕ
— ǷȘȖșȚȐȚȍ ȧ ȚȈȔ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȎț
— Ǫȣ ȉȓȐȏȖȘțȒȐ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ" ǻ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȈ ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ
ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȗșȓȍȗȓȍȕȕȣȑ șȐȧȕȐȍȔ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȝ ȒȖȘȖȕȖȒ ȖȡȍȘȍȕȕȖȑ ȟȍȓȦșȚȐ ȧ șȓȣȠț
ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȉȍșȗȘȐșȚȘȈșȚȕțȦ ȕȍȟȈȧȕȕțȦ ȗȘȈȊȌț
— Ǩȝ, ȚȈȔ ȕȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ Ȋ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȍ ȊȈȠȍ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ șțȌȈȘȤ

ǽǼǿǹǳǲǻȍȍ ǽǼǲǾȁǱǮ
Ƕȕ ȝȞȎȔȟȘȜȑȜ ȎșȪȏȜȚȎ

ǲȖȋȌȈ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȌȣȠȐȚ ȋȍȓȐȖȚȘȖȗȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍ țșȗȍȊȠȍȑ ȍȡȍ țȓȍȟȤșȧ șțȝȖȑ ȌȕȍȊ-
ȕȖȑ ȗȣȓȤȦ — ȗȖȊȍȘȝ ȒȘȣȠ Ȋ ȕȈȠț ȚȍȔȕțȦ ȒȍȓȤȦ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ ȊȗȖȘȝȈȍȚ ȚȍȘȞȐȧ
țȗȓȣȊȈȦȡȍȋȖ Ȋ ȕȖȟȤ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ ǽȓȖȗȈȦȚ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȓȍșȈ ȗȖ ȊȖȌȍ Ȑ ȔȐȋȈȍȚ ȈȓȣȔ
ȘțȉȐȕȖȔ ȜȖȕȈȘȤ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț Ȑ ȟȍȑ-ȚȖ ȏȊȖȕȒȐȑ șȔȍȝ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȑ ȕȍ ȖȉȔȈȕțȚȣȑ
ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȚ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ ǺȍȘȞȐȧ ȚȈȍȚ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȖ ȖȚȏȣȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȘȖȡȍ Ȑ țȋȈșȈȧ
ȒȈȒ ȊȏȌȖȝ ǰ ȊȗȖȓȋȖȓȖșȈ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ ȚȖșȒȍ ȍȍ 0LOOR — ȔȖȧ ȝȘțȗȒȈȧ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȗȖȌ-
ȘțȋȈ ǶȕȈ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖ Ȑ ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȐȚ Ȋ ȕȖȟȤ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȉȍș-
ȗȖȔȖȡȕȈȧ ȗȣȚȈȧșȤ șȗȍȚȤ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȕȕțȦ ȍȦ ȗȍșȕȤ ǩȍȏ șȓȖȊ ȗȍșȕȤ ȌȖȋȖȘȈȍȚ ș
ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ Ȑ ȊȖȓȕțȦȡȍȑ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȏȖȊȈȔȐ ȌȈȓȤȦ ǵȍ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȦ Ȑ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ Ȋȧ-
ȕȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȗȍȚțȕȐȧ ȍȍ ȏȧȉȒȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ Ȋ ȋȓțȝȖȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȍȓȤȍ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȉȈȠȕȍ ȊȖ-
ȌȖȒȈȟȒȐ
0LOOR ȏȈȟȍȔ ȓȦȌȐ țȒȘȈȓȐ ț Țȍȉȧ șȖȓȕȞȍ Ȑ șȖȓȍȕȣȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ Țȣ Ȍȣ-
ȠȈȓȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ" ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȊȔȍșȚȖ șȚȈȕȒȈ ȕȈȉȖȘȡȐȒȈ ǩȖȋ ȗȖȌȈȘȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȓȐȔȖȕ-
ȕȣȑ șȈȌ ȟȚȖ ȗȈȝȕȍȚ ȔȍȌȖȔ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȊȏȈȔȍȕ ȐșșȖȝȠȐȝ ȘțȒ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȣ
ȔȣȠȞȣ ȔȈȚȘȖșȈ ȇ șȍȓ ȉȣ ș ȚȖȉȖȦ 0LOOR ȕȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ș ȋȖȓțȉȣȔȐ ȗȈȘțșȈȔȐ
ǰ ȉȈȦȒȈȓȖ ȉȣ ȕȈș ȔȖȘȍ Ȑ țȠȓȐ ȉȣ Ȕȣ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȕȈȊȍȒȐ 0LOOR Ȋ ǹȚȘȈ-
ȕț ǻȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȋȌȍ ȕȍȚ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȋȖ șȕȍȋȈ ǰ ȕȍ ȞȈȘȈȗȈȓȈșȤ ȉȣ ȗȖ ȕȖ-
ȟȈȔ ț ȖȒȕȈ șȍȌȈȧ ȊȍȌȤȔȈ-ȊȤȦȋȈ ǩȖȓȍȏȕȤ ȉȣ ȐșȗțȋȈȓȈșȤ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȋȖ ȠțȔȈ ȚȘȍȗȍ-
ȡțȡȐȝ ȗȈȓȤȔ ȖȕȈ ȉȣ șȉȍȎȈȓȈ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȋȈȊȈȕȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
ȗȖȌȊȈȓȍ ȕȈȉȘȖșȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȚȍȘȏȈȚȤ ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȗȐȚȤ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȟȤȦ-ȚȖ ȒȘȖȊȤ
Millo — ȏȖȓȖȚȈȧ ȘȖȔȈȠȒȈ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ ǷȘȖșȚȐȠȤ ȓȐ Țȣ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ
ȕȍ șțȔȍȓ ȖȌȖȓȍȚȤ ȟțȌȐȡȍ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȡțȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤșȒȐ ȌțȠȈȡȍȍ ȕȈș ȒȈ-
ȓȍȒ Ȑ ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȔțȘȈȊȤȍȊ"
ǷȘȖșȚȐȠȤ ȓȐ Țȣ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȣșȍȒ ȔȖȑ ȔȖȏȋ ȔȣșȓȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ țȔȟȈȓȈ ȉȣ ȕȈș Ȓ
ȚȊȖȍȑ ȒȖȓȣȉȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȖȒȍȈȕȍ — ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȔț ȖșȚȘȖȊȒț"
ǷȖȒȖȘȕȖ ȊȣȉȐȘȈȦ ȧ Ȑȏ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȝ  ȗȍȘȍȋȖȘȖȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȝ șȖȚ 6
șȊȐȕȞȖȊȣȝ țȘȖȌȞȍȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȉțȒȊȈȔȐ ǶȕȐ ȏȓȣ Ȑ ȔșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣ —
ȕȍșȕȖșȕȣȍ ȒȈȘȓȣ ǲȘȐȊȓȧȧșȤ ȒȈȒ ȠțȚȣ ȖȕȐ șȚȈȕȖȊȧȚșȧ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȒȖȋȌȈ ȐȔ
ȊȍȓȐȠȤ ȓȍȟȤ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȤșȧ ǶȕȐ ȞȍȗȓȧȦȚ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ȒȈȒ ȗȤȧȊȒȐ Ȑ șȔȍȠȈȊ-
ȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ ȒȖȔ ȎȌțȚ, ȗȖȒȈ ȧ ȕȍ ȖȉȘțȋȈȦ Ȑȝ ȗȣȓȤȦ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȈ ǵȖ ȕȍ Ȋ șȐ-
ȓȈȝ ȔȖȧ ȔȣșȓȤ ȊȣșȍȟȤ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȐ Ǵȕȍ șȕȧȚșȧ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȖȓȟȐȠȈ ȥȚȐȝ ȒȘȐȊȓȧȦ-
ȡȐȝșȧ ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȝ țȘȖȌȞȍȊ ȧ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ ȕȈȕȐȏȣȊȈȦ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȘȧȌȣ ȉȍȏ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȗȘȖȟȍșȚȤ ȟțȎȐȍ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȑ ȥȚȐ ȔȣșȓȐ ȐȏȌȍȊȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈȌ ȕȈȔȐ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ Ǵillo... ǶȕȐ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȖȚȚțȌȈ Ȑȏ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȣȝ Ȕȕȍ șȚȘȈȕ ȗȓȣȊțȚ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐ Ȑ Ȋ Ȑȝ șȕȈ-
șȚȧȝ ȗȖȍȚ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖ ȊȍȚȍȘ Ȑ ȕȈȌ ȕȖȟȕȖȑ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȟȈȠȍȑ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ șȐȧȍȚ
ȆȎȕȣȑ ǲȘȍșȚ — ȔȈȧȒ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȝ
ǺȈȒ ȐȏȕȣȊȈȍȚ țșȚȈȊȠȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȉ Ǵillo șȔȖȓȒȈȍȚ ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȣȚȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖ-
șȓȈȚȤ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȚ țȠȍȌȠȍȔț Ȋ ȕȖȟȤ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȦ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȏȊțȒȖȊ ȗȍșȕȐ ȧ
șȓȣȠț ȝȘȐȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȘȊȍȚ ȔȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǻ Țȍȉȧ Ǵillo ȉȖȓȐȚ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȟȈȝ-
ȕȍȠȤ Țȣ ȕȍ ȎȈȓțȧșȤ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȓȧȌȐȠȤ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȋ ȕȖȟȤ
ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȌȣȠȐȚ ȋȍȓȐȖȚȘȖȗȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȣȓȤȦ
***

ǩȣȓ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ ǵȖ Ȗșȍȕȕȍȍ ȕȍȉȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȍ ȕȈ ȔȖȦ ȊȣȞȊȍȚȠțȦ ȘȈȉȖ-
ȟțȦ ȒțȘȚȒț Ȑȏ șȍȘȖȑ ȗȈȘțșȐȕȣ ǲȖȋȌȈ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȑ ȘȍȌȒȐȑ ȓțȟ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȓșȧ
Ȑ ȗȈȌȈȓ Ȋ ȕȈȠț ȒȍȓȤȦ Millo ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȓȈ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȖ șȊȖȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȓ ȔȖȍȑ ȡȍ-
Ȓȍ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȖȉȈ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ ȇ ȔȕȖȋȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ șȓȖȊ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȑȝ șȓȣȠȈȓ ǶȕȐ
șȚȈȓȐ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȣ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȔȖȍȔț șȍȘȌȞț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ — ȗȣȓȤ ȗțȚȐ-ȌȖ-
ȘȖȋȐ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ, Ǵillo ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȠȈ ȌȘțȎȉȈ
— ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȌȘțȎȉȈ Ȑ ȍȑ șȓȖȊȈ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȣ ǲȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ Ǵillo ȗȍȓȈ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȧ
ȊȍȘȐȓ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȔ ȕȐȡȍȚț țȑȌȍȔ Ȑȏ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȉȈȠȕȐ ȊȖȌȖȒȈȟȒȐ țȊȐȌȐȔ
ȖșȚȘȖȊ, ȋȌȍ ȘȖȌȐȓȈșȤ Ǵillo, ȋȌȍ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȟȈȠȍ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȍȚșȧ ȆȎȕȣȑ ǲȘȍșȚ
— ȜȈȒȍȓ ȊȍȟȕȖșȚȐ ǵȖ ȋȈșȓȐ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǩȈȠȕȧ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȉȈȠȕȧ ȊȖȌȖ-
ȒȈȟȒȐ ȔșȚȐȓȈ ȏȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȍȍ șȒȓȍȗȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȏȊȍȕȍȓȖ șȟȈșȚȤȍ
ǩȣȓ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ ǵȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ Ǵillo ȏȈȗȍȓȈ ȇ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ șȓȣ-
ȠȈȓ, ȒȈȒ ȕȍșșȧ ȍȍ ȋȖȓȖș Ȋ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȋȖȘȕȐȔ ȗȖȓȍȚȖȔ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ țȔȖȒȓȈ Ȁȓȍȗȕț-
ȓȖșȤ ȍȍ ȝȐȓȖȍ ȚȍȓȤȞȍ Ȗ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȓ ȇ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȕȖ ȔȖȧ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ
ȗȖȌȘțȋȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȈ 0LOOR Țȣ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ țșȓȣȠȐȠȤ ȒȈȒ ȗȓȍȡțȚ ȏȍȓȍ-
ȕȣȍ ȊȖȌȣ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ Ȗ ȚȖȚ ȖșȚȘȖȊȖȒ, ȋȌȍ Țȣ ȘȖȌȐȓȈșȤ Ǻȍȉȧ țȔȍȘȚȊȐȓȈ ȉȈȠȕȧ ȊȖȌȖ-
ȒȈȟȒȐ
ǵȈ ȝȖȓȔȍ ȏȈ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ ȋȌȍ ȊȍșȕȖȑ ȉțȌțȚ ȚȧȕțȚȤșȧ ȏȈ țșȒȖȓȤȏȈȦȡȐȔ ȊȍȚȘȖȔ
ȦȎȕȣȍ ȚȘȈȊȣ ȋȌȍ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȞȊȍȚțȚ ȏȖȓȖȚȐșȚȣȍ ȘȖȔȈȠȒȐ șȗȐȚ 0LOOR ȔȖȧ ȗȖș-
ȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȗȖȌȘțȋȈ Ǫ ȥȚȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȥȚȖ ȏȖȓȖȚȐșȚȖȍ ȗȍȘȣȠ-
ȒȖ Ȑȏ ȗȘȈȊȖȋȖ ȒȘȣȓȈ 0LOOR ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȒȈșȈȓȈșȤ ȔȖȍȑ ȡȍȒȐ

ǯǳǹǮȍ ǯǮȆǻȍ
Ƕșș ǳȐȑȓțȖȖ ǼȞșȜȐȜȗ

ǿȘȎȕȘȎ Ȑ ȘȜȠȜȞȜȗ ȞȎȟȟȘȎȕȩȐȎȓȠȟȭ Ȝ ȠȜȚ ȘȎȘ ȞȡȟȟȘȖȗ ȚȎșȪȥȖȘ ǰȎțȭ
ȟȠȎș ȬțȑȜȗ ǲȔȓȘȜȚ ȝȜȟșȓ ȚȎșȓțȪȘȖȚ ȃȜ ȝȓȞȓȣȖȠȞȖȐȦȖȚ
ȐȜȔȒȭ țȓȑȞȜȐ Ȗ Ȝ ȠȜȚ ȘȎȘ ȎțȑșȖȗȟȘȖȗ ȘȜȞȜșȪ Ȑ ȓȑȜ ȥȓȟȠȪ
ȝȞȖȘȎȕȎș ȝȎșȖȠȪ Ȗȕ ȝȡȦȓȘ

I
 ȟȠȡȝȓțȓȘ Ȗ șȎȚȝȎ
ǻ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ ȕȈ șȒȈȓȍ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȌȍȕȤ Ȑ ȕȖȟȤ ȌȘȖȉȐȓȐșȤ ș ȠțȔȖȔ ȊȖȓȕȣ
șȚȖȧȓȈ ȊȣșȖȒȈȧ ȉȍȓȈȧ ȉȈȠȕȧ ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȒ ȊȣșȖȒȈ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȑ ȌȖȔ ȍȋȖ ȒȘȣȠȈ ȒȖșȕțȓȈșȤ ȉȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȍ
șȍȘȍȌȐȕȣ
ǪȣșȚȘȖȍȕȈ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȑȏ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȝ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ Ȑ ȍȍ ȔȖȋțȟȐȍ șȚȍȕȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȉȣ
ȘȈȏȘțȠȐȚȤ ȕȐȒȈȒȈȧ ȉțȘȧ
ǩȈȠȕȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȘțȋȓȈȧ Ȉ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȊȍȘȝțȠȒț ȊȍȓȈ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȍ-
ȚȣȘȍșȚȈ șȍȔȤȌȍșȧȚ ȗȧȚȤ șȚțȗȍȕȍȑ ǹ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ șȚțȗȍȕȤȒȐ ȉȣȓ țșȚȘȖȍȕ ȊȣȝȖȌ
ȕȈȘțȎț ȕȈ ȉȈȓȒȖȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Țȧȕțȓșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȉȈȠȕȐ ǹȈȔȣȍ ȊȣșȖȒȐȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ
ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ș ȉȈȠȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔȐ ȒțșȚȐȒȈȔȐ ȚȘȈȊȒȐ Ȉ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐ Ȏțȟ-
ȒȖȊ ǵȖ Ȑ ȉȈȓȒȖȕ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȊȍȘȝțȠȒȖȑ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȉȈȠȕȐ ǶȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȈșȤ ȍȡȍ
ȎȍȓȍȏȕȈȧ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȈ ș  șȚțȗȍȕȤȒȈȔȐ ǳȍșȚȕȐȞȈ ȊȍȓȈ Ȋ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕțȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȋȌȍ
șȚȍȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ șȌȍȓȈȕȣ Ȑȏ șȚȍȒȓȈ ǷȖșȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȉȍ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȓȈȔȗȈ Ȋȍ-
ȓȐȟȐȕȖȦ ș ȞȍȓțȦ ȉȖȟȒț ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ șȓȖȎȕȈȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȈȔȐ ș
ȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ ȊȐȕȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȘȣȟȈȋȈȔȐ ǶȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȈȒ țșȚȘȖȍȕȣ ȟȚȖ ȓȈȔȗȈ ȖȉȖȘȈȟȐ-
ȊȈȓȈșȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ șȚȖȓȉȈ
Ǫ ȖȉȍȐȝ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȈȝ ȉȈȠȕȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ Ȑ ȔȈȓȖȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȉȣȓȖ  șȚțȗȍȕȍȒ Ȉ ȓȈȔ-
ȗȈ ȖȉȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ȕȖȟȤ  ȘȈȏ ǯȍȘȒȈȓȈ ȖȒȘțȎȈȊȠȐȍ ȥȚț ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕțȦ ȓȈȔȗț,
ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ țșȐȓȐȊȈȓȐ ȍȍ șȊȍȚ ǵȖȟȤȦ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȊȐȌȍȕ ȚȈȒ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȣ
Ȋșȍȝ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȑ ȗȘȖȗȓȣȊȈȊȠȐȝ ȔȐȔȖ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȉȈȠȕȐ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȕȐ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ
Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȍȋȖ ǩȍȓȈȧ ȉȈȠȕȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȔȈȧȒȖȔ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ Ȑ ȉȣȓȈ șȌȍ-
ȓȈȕȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȓțȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ Ȑ ȕȍ țȚȖȕțȓ
ǬȕȍȔ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈȔ ȓȍȋȟȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȗțȚȤ ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȐȔ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋȍ-
șȚȐ șȊȖȐ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐ ȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȓȈ ȉȈȠȕȧ ǶȕȈ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌ
ȉȍȘȍȋȖȔ Ȑ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȉȍȓȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȊȣșȍȟȍȕȈ Ȑȏ șȈȝȈȘȈ
ǲȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ ȔȈȧȒ Ȗȕ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ șȖ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȔȖșȚȐȒȈ ȔȈ-
ȚȘȖșȈȔ
— ǷȖ ȉȖȘȚț — ǩȍȓȈȧ ȉȈȠȕȧ ǺȈȒ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ
Ǩ ȘțȓȍȊȖȑ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ
— ǭșȚȤ ǩȍȓȈȧ ȉȈȠȕȧ ǺȈȒ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ
ǰ ȚȖȋȌȈ țȎȍ Ȋșȍ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȣ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȖȊ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ȗȘȐ-
ȗȓȣȊȈȍȚ Ȓ ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȐ ș ȉȖȘȚȈ șȗțșȚȧȚ șȝȖȌȕȐ ȕȖșȐȓȤȡȐȒȐ ȕȈȟȕțȚ ȊȣȕȖșȐȚȤ Ȑȏ
ȒȈȦȚ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕȣ Ȑ șțȕȌțȒȐ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ Ȑ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȐ ȉțȌțȚ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ Ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȉ ȒțȗȞȣ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȗȖȓțȟȈȚ ȏȈȔȖȘșȒȐȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȣ ȋȘȍȞȒȐȍ ȖȘȍȝȐ ȝȈȓȊț
Ȑȏ ǺțȘȞȐȐ ȉȈȕȈȕȣ Ȑ ȈȕȈȕȈșȣ ș ȌȈȓȍȒȐȝ ȖșȚȘȖȊȖȊ ȋȌȍ ȎȐȊțȚ ȟȍȘȕȖȒȖȎȐȍ Ȑ ȘȈȏ-
ȕȣȍ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȊȍȡȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȟȍșȚȤ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ
_____

156
II
ǿȥȎȟȠșȖȐȩȓ ȟȝȖȥȘȖ
ǲȈȎȌȣȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȖ șȔȍȘȒȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȔȈȧȒȈ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ șȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȖȚȞȖȔ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ǪȈȕȧ Ƕȕ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȕȍș șȗȐȟȒȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȎȍȟȤ ȓȈȔȗț ȅȚȐ șȗȐȟȒȐ Ȋ șȍȔȤȍ ǪȈȕȐ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ©șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣ-
ȔȐª ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȐȔȐ ȏȈȎȐȋȈȓȐ ȔȈȧȒ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧȔ Ȋ ȕȍȗȖȋȖȌț Ȑ ȉț-
ȘȐ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȗțȚȤ ǷȧȚȤșȖȚ șȚțȗȍȕȍȒ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ Ȋ ȗȖȓțȔȘȈȒȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ
ǪȈȕȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ǲȈȔȍȕȕȣȍ șȚȍȕȣ ȉȈȠȕȐ ȋȓțȝȖ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȠțȔ ȠȈ-
ȋȖȊ Ȑ, ȝȖȚȧ ȖȚȍȞ ǪȈȕȐ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȥȝȖ ǪȈȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȏȈ ȍȋȖ șȗȐȕȖȑ
©ǰ-ȧ ǰ-ȧª — șȓȣȠȈȓȖșȤ ǪȈȕȍ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ Ȉ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ ȍȔț șȕȐȓșȧ ȊȍȓȐȒȈȕ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ șȚȖȧȓ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȉȈȠȕȐ ȖȉȓȖȒȖȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȍȔț Ȋ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈ ȕȍ ȕȈȗȘȖȒȈȏȐȓ ȓȐ ǪȈȕȧ" ǪȍȓȐȒȈȕ ȝȔțȘȐȓ ȉȘȖȊȐ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȔ ȒȈȒ
ȚȘțȉȈ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ
— ǲȈȒ Țȣ șȍȉȧ Ȋȍȓ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȋ ȠȒȖȓȍ ǪȈȕȧ" ǶȗȧȚȤ ȋȘȣȏ ȕȖȋȚȐ" ǹȔȖȚȘȐ șȓț-
ȠȈȑșȧ șȚȈȘȠȐȝ Ǵȍȕȧ ȏȖȊțȚ ǰȧ ȇ — șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ǰȧ Ȉ ȎȐȊț ȧ Ȋ ȉȈȠȕȍ..
ǰ ȊȍȓȐȒȈȕ ȋȘȖȏȐȓ ǪȈȕȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȖȑ ș ȉȘȍȊȕȖ ǵȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȍȔț ȚȖ-
ȓȤȒȖ șȕȐȓȖșȤ ǲ ȊȍȟȍȘț Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȕȈ șȈȔțȦ ȊȍȘȝțȠȒț ȉȈȠȕȐ șȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȖȚ-
ȞȖȔ ǶȉȈ ȊȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț șȖ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȔȐ șȚȍȕȈȔȐ ǪȈȕȐȕ ȖȚȍȞ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓ ȟȐ-
șȚȐȚȤ ȓȈȔȗț ȕȈȓȐȊȈȓ Ȋ ȕȍȍ ȒȍȘȖșȐȕ șȔȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȊȐȕȚȣ Ȑ ȘȣȟȈȋȐ ȔȈșȓȖȔ Ȑ ȕȈ-
ȒȖȕȍȞ ǪȈȕȧ ȏȈȎȐȋȈȓ ȓȈȔȗț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ șȐȧȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȚȣșȧȟȈ șȊȍȟȍȑ ǷȖșȓȍ ȖȉȈ ȖȕȐ
șȗțșȒȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȕȐȏ ȔȈȧȒȈ ȋȌȍ Ȑȝ țȎȍ ȎȌȈȓȈ ȔȈȔȈ ǺȈȔ ȖȕȐ Ȋșȍ ȚȘȖȍ Ȑ ȎȐȓȐ ǻ
ȕȐȝ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈ Ȉ ȘȧȌȖȔ Ȓțȝȕȧ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ǪȈȕȐȕȈ ȔȈȔȈ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȈ ȖȉȍȌ Ȑ
țȎȐȕ
III
ǮȢȖȘ
ǻ ǪȈȕȐ ȉȣȓ ȍȡȍ ȏȈȒȈȌȣȟȕȣȑ ȌȘțȋ ǨȜȐȒ ǨȜȐȒ ȉȣȓ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȗȍș ș ȉȍȓȣȔ ȗȧȚ-
ȕȖȔ ȕȈ ȓȉț Ȑ ȔȖȝȕȈȚȣȔ ȝȊȖșȚȖȔ ǷȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈȔ Ȗȕ ȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ
ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ țȎȐȕȈ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȓțȟȈȓ ȊȒțșȕțȦ ȒȖșȚȤ, ȋȘȣȏȧ ȍȍ ș ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ
ȗȖȒȈ ǪȈȕȧ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓ țȘȖȒȐ ǪȈȕȧ țȟȐȓșȧ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ Ȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȓȍȕȐȓșȧ ǶȒȖȕ-
ȟȐȊ ȏȈȌȈȕȕȣȑ țȘȖȒ Ȗȕ șȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ ȒȕȐȋȐ Ȑ ȚțȚ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖȚȍȝȈ
ǷȖșȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ șȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȚȈȉțȘȍȚ Ȉ ǨȜȐȒ ȗȍȘȍȗȘȣȋȐȊȈȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȒȈ
ǪȈȕȐȕȈ ȔȈȔȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȓȈ ȒțșȖȒ șȈȝȈȘț ǺȖȋȌȈ ǨȜȐȒ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈ șȒȈȔȍȑ-
Ȓț șȓțȎȐȓ Ȑ ȗȖȌȈȊȈȓ ȓȈȗț ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȔț ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ
— ǯȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȑ ǨȜȐȒ
ǵȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ ǨȜȐȒț ȒȓȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȖș ȒțșȖȒ șȈȝȈȘț Ȉ
ǪȈȕȧ ȊȣȎȌȈȊ ȔȐȕțȚț-ȌȘțȋțȦ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ

157
— ǸȈȏ ȌȊȈ ȚȘȐ
ǨȜȐȒ șȐȌȐ
Ƿȍș ȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖ ȎȌȈȓ ǺȖȋȌȈ ǪȈȕȧ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ
— ǸȈȏ ȌȊȈ ȚȘȐ
ǨȜȐȒ ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐ
ǨȜȐȒ ȡȍȓȒȈȓ ȗȈșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȓȖȊȐȓ ș șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȖșȈ șȈȝȈȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȘȈȏȋȘȣ-
ȏȈȓ ș ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȐȔ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ
IV
©ǯȎȏȡȦȘȎª
ǸȈȕȖ țȚȘȖȔ ǪȈȕȧ șȒȖȘȍȕȤȒȖ ȊȣȗȐȊȈȓ ȒȘțȎȒț ȚȍȗȓȖȋȖ ȔȖȓȖȒȈ șȢȍȌȈȓ ȒțșȖȒ
ȝȓȍȉȈ ș ȔȈșȓȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȊ șȊȖȦ ȔȈȔț ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȓșȧ Ȋ ȠȒȖȓț ǶȚ ȔȈȧȒȈ ȌȖ-
ȘȖȋȈ ȊȍȓȈ ȗȖȓȍȔ ȋȌȍ ȊȍșȕȖȦ ȒȖȓȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȘȖȎȤ Ȉ Ȋ ȋȖȓțȉȖȔ ȕȍȉȍ ȗȍȓȐ ȏȊȖȕȒȐȍ
ȎȈȊȖȘȖȕȒȐ Ǫ ȘȈȕȞȍ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȍ ǪȈȕȧ ȕȍș ȒȕȐȎȒȐ Ȑ ȗȍȕȈȓ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȉȣȓȐ ȒȈ-
ȘȈȕȌȈȠȐ ȘțȟȒȈ Ȑ ȘȍȏȐȕȒȈ ș ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ șȓȖȕȈ ǪȈȕȍ țȎȈșȕȖ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȝȖȚȧ
ȉȣ ȖȌȐȕ ȘȈȏ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȎȐȊȖȋȖ șȓȖȕȈ: Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ șȓȖȕ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȔȈȝȖȔ ȗȘȖ-
ȋȓȈȚȣȊȈȍȚ ȞȍȓțȦ ȉțȓȒț Ȑ ȊȣȗȐȊȈȍȚ ȊȍȌȘȖ ȊȖȌȣ
ǨȜȐȒ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȓ ǪȈȕȦ ȌȖ ȓȍșȈ ǬȈȓȤȠȍ Ȗȕ ȕȍ șȔȍȓ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ ǯȌȍșȤ ǪȈȕȧ
ȗȖȋȓȈȌȐȊ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǬȖ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȧ ǨȜȐȒ ǹȚțȗȈȑ ȌȖȔȖȑ
ǻȔȕȣȑ ȗȍș ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȓ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒț ȓȈȗț Ȑ ȗȖȔȈȝȈȊ șȊȖȐȔ ȔȖȝȕȈȚȣȔ ȝȊȖ-
șȚȐȒȖȔ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȔȈȧȒ ǪȈȕȧ Ȏȍ ȊȗȘȐȗȘȣȎȒț Ƞȍȓ ȗȖ ȓȍșț Ȓ ȋȖȘȖȌț ȋȌȍ
ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȈșȤ ȠȒȖȓȈ ǵȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȓȍșț ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȌȘțȏȍȑ ǯȈ ȗȍșȟȈȕȣȔ ȝȖȓ-
ȔȖȔ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȑ ȚȘȈȊȣ ȏȊȍȕȍȓ ȘțȟȍȍȒ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȊȖȌȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȊȒțș-
ȕȈȧ Ȑ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȚȍȒȈȓȈ ȗȖ ȓȤȌț ǸțȟȍȍȒ ȏȊȍ-
ȕȍȓ Ȑ ȉȍȎȈȓ ț ȌȖȘȖȋȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍȋȕȈȚȤ ǪȈȕȦ ǳȍȚȖȔ ǪȈȕȧ ȌȍȓȈȓ Ȑȏ
ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐȒȐ Ȑ ȗțșȒȈȓ Ȑȝ ȗȖ ȊȖȌȍ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȗȓȣȊțȚ șȘȍȌȐ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȝ
ȉȘȣȏȋ ǷȖșȓȍ ȉțȔȈȎȕȣȍ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐȒȐ șȒȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȖȔ Ȋ ȓȍșț ȒțȌȈ ǪȈ-
ȕȧ ȕȍ șȔȍȓ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ ǩțȔȈȎȕȣȑ ȜȓȖȚ ǪȈȕȐ ȐșȟȍȏȈȓ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȊȍșȍȓȣȔ ȠțȔȖȔ ȊȖ-
Ȍȣ ǲțȌȈ țȗȓȣȊȈȓ Ȗȕ ȒȈȒ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ — ǪȈȕȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȋ ǨȜȘȐȒț ȐȓȐ
Ȋ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȌȘțȋțȦ ȌȈȓȍȒțȦ șȚȘȈȕț ȋȌȍ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟțȌȍșȕȣȝ Ȋȍȡȍȑ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȝ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ Ȋ ȠȒȖȓȍ țȟȐȚȍȓȤ
ǵȈ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȍ ț ȘțȟȤȧ șȚȖȧȓȈ șȚȈȘȈȧ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ șȖșȕȈ ǪȍȘȝțȠȒȖȑ ȖȕȈ ȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȞȍȗȓȧȓȈ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȖȉȓȈȒȈ ǭȍ ȊȍȚȊȐ ȏȊȍȕȍȓȐ ȖȚ ȊȍȚȘȈ Ȉ ȖȕȈ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȊȈȎ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȓȈ șȊȖȍȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȒȈȒ șȚȈȘȈȧ ȉȈȉțȠȒȈ ǺȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓ ǪȈ-
ȕȧ ȥȚț șȖșȕț ǶȚ ©ǩȈȉțȠȒȐª ȉȣȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȓȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȌȖ ȠȒȖȓȣ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǪȈȕȧ șȗȍȠȐȓ ȗȖșȓȍ țȘȖȒȖȊ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȕȈȟȈȓșȧ șȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȌȖȎȌȤ.
ǬȍȓȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȍșȕȖȑ Ȉ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ ȗȓȈȡȈ ȕȐ ȋȈȓȖȠ ǵȖ ȚțȚ ȍȔț ȗȘȐȠȓȈ

158
ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ©ǩȈȉțȠȒȈª Ǫ ȍȍ șȚȊȖȓȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȌțȗȓȖ Ǫ ȕȍȔ ȔȖȋ șȗȘȧȚȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ǪȈȕȧ ȕȖ Ȑ ǨȜȐȒ ȗȘȐȉȍȎȈȊȠȐȑ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț
ǪȍȚȍȘ șȊȐșȚȍȓ ȌȖȎȌȤ ȓȐȓ ȒȈȒ Ȑȏ ȊȍȌȘȈ ȕȖ ǪȈȕȧ Ȑ ǨȜȐȒ ȏȈȗȘȧȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ Ȍțȗ-
ȓȖ Ȑ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȚȈȔ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ ȕȍȗȖȋȖȌȈ ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȒȈȗȓȐ țȗȈȓȐ ș ȊȍȚ-
Ȋȍȑ ǨȜȐȒ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȑȏ ȌțȗȓȈ Ȉ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ Ȑ ǪȈȕȧ ǺțȟȐ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȏȈ ȔȖȘȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ
ȖȗȧȚȤ șȊȍȚȐȓȖ Ȑ ȋȘȍȓȖ ȗȍȓȐ ȗȚȐȞȣ ȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ǪȈȕȧ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț
ȘțȟȍȑȒț Ȗȕ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȓ ȍȋȖ ǸțȟȍȍȒ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȚȖȒ Ȑ ȕȍșșȧ șȚȘȍȔȋȓȈȊ ȊȌȖȓȤ
ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȊȖȌȈ ȍȋȖ șȚȈȓȈ ȔțȚȕȖȑ Ȗȕ ȠțȔȍȓ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ǪȈȕȦ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ș ȕȐȔ Ȋ ȕȖȋț Ǹțȟȍȑ ȔȟȈȓșȧ șȍȘȌȐȚȖ ȗȘȣȋȈȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȒȈȔȕȐ ȘȈȏȉȘȈșȣȊȈȧ ȉȘȣȏȋȐ Ȑ ȗȍȕț ǩȣȓȖ ȧșȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍșȍȚ-
șȧ Ȓ ȔȖȘȦ ǺȖȋȌȈ ǪȈȕȧ Ȑ ǨȜȐȒ ȗȍȘȍȗȘȣȋȐȊȈȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȓțȎȐ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖșȒȖ-
Șȍȍ ȌȖȔȖȑ
V
ǽȜȥȓȚȡ ȜȠȤȎ ǰȎțȖ ȕȐȎșȖ ©ǸȎȝȖȠȎțȜȚª
ǻ ȖȚȞȈ ǪȈȕȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ șȍȌȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ Ȉ Ȋșȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ©ǲȈ-
ȗȐȚȈȕȖȔª ǲȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȗȓȈȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȗȖȌ ȗȈȘț-
șȈȔȐ Ȋ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȍ șȚȘȈȕȣ ǵȖ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȘȈȏȘȈȏȐȓȈșȤ șȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ ȉțȘȧ șȓȖȔȈȓȈ ȔȈȟ-
Țȣ ȐȏȖȘȊȈȊ Ȋșȍ ȗȈȘțșȈ ǪȖȓȕȣ ȏȈȓȐȊȈȓȐ ȗȈȓțȉț șȕȍșȓȐ ș ȕȍȍ ȊȍșȤ ȋȘțȏ ȊȖȌȈ
ȝȓȣȕțȓȈ ȊȕțȚȘȤ ȚȘȦȔȖȊ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȚȖȕțȚȤ ǺȖȋȌȈ ǪȈȕȐȕ ȖȚȍȞ Ȑ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ
șȗțșȚȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȊȖȌț ȠȓȦȗȒț ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ ȉȖȟȖȕȖȒ ȗȘȍșȕȖȑ ȊȖȌȣ ȒțșȖȒ șȈȓȈ șțȝȈ-
ȘȐ Ȑ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓȐ ȚȖȕțȊȠȐȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȕȐ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȕȐ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ
ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȔȖȘȧ Ȑ ȕȍȉȈ ǷȘȍșȕȈȧ ȊȖȌȈ Ȑȏ ȉȖȟȖȕȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋșȧ Ȋȣ-
ȗȐȚȈ șțȝȈȘȐ șȢȍȌȍȕȣ ǲȘțȋȖȔ ȓȖȌȒȐ ȗȓȈȊȈȓȐ ȈȒțȓȣ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȖ-
ȋȐȉȕțȚ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȕȐ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȑ ȊȣȉȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȑȏ șȐȓ ȒȖȍ-ȒȈȒ ȌȖȉ-
ȘȈȓȐșȤ ȌȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ǲȖȘȈȉȓȤ Ȑ ȚȖȊȈȘȣ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȐ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ Ȑ ț ǪȈȕȐȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ
ȌȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ȌȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȕȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȘțȉȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȗȕ ȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȓț-
ȘȐȓ ȗȈȟȒȐ ȓȐșȚȖȊȖȋȖ ȚȈȉȈȒț Ȑ ȗȍȘȖȟȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȖȎȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ Ȗȕ ȘȍȏȈȓ șȈȓȖ ȒȖȋ-
ȌȈ ȌȍȓȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȔȈȚȘȖșȈȔ ȕȈ ȠȓȦȗȒȍ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȍȡȍ ȉȣȓȐ șȗȘȧȚȈȕȣ Ȋ ȗȖȧșȍ
1 ȏȖȓȖȚȈȧ Ȑ 1 șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȈȧ ȔȖȕȍȚȣ ǵȖ ȖȌȕț Ȗȕ ȖȚȌȈȓ ȝȖȏȧȐȕț ȋȖșȚȐȕȐȞȣ ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ
ȎȐȓ ȗȖșȓȍ ȒȘțȠȍȕȐȧ Ȉ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋțȦ ȒțȗȐȓ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȔȈȘȒț Ȑ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȏȕȈȒȖ-
ȔȣȔ ȗȘȖșȧ ȍȋȖ țșȚȘȖȐȚȤ șȔȖȚȘȐȚȍȓȍȔ ȕȈ ȔȈȧȒ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȖȚȊȍȚ ǲȈ-
ȗȐȚȈȕ șȍȓ Ȋ ȗȖȍȏȌ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ ȕȈ ȔȈȧȒ Ȑ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ șȓțȎȐȓ ȕȈ ©ǩȍȓȖȑ ȉȈȠȕȍª
VI
ǱȜȟȠȪ ȘȜȠȜȞȜȑȜ ȕȎȑțȎșȎ ȏȡȞȭ
ǵȈ ȌȊȖȘȍ ȉȣȓȈ țȎȍ ȖșȍȕȤ ǳȍș ȗȖȎȍȓȚȍȓ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓȐ ȡȍȉȍȚȈȚȤ ȗȚȐȞȣ ǵȈ Șȧ-

159
ȉȐȕȈȝ șȊȐșȈȓȐ ȧȘȒȖ-ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȋȘȖȏȌȤȧ ȧȋȖȌ Ȉ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȘȍȌȍȊȠȐȍ ȊȍȚȒȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌ-
ȕȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȍ ȕȍȉȖ ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț țȓȍȚȈȓȐ ȗȚȐȞȣ ȕȈ ȏȐȔț Ȋ ȏȈȔȖȘșȒȐȍ Țȍȗȓȣȍ șȚȘȈȕȣ.
ǶȌȕȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ©ǩȈȉțȠȒȈª ȕȍ șȚȘȈȠȐȓȈșȤ ȖșȍȕȐ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȊȏȌȣȔȈȧșȤ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ
ȚȍȔȕȖ-ȏȍȓȍȕȖȔ ȕȈȘȧȌȍ ǵȖ ȖȕȈ șȚȈȓȈ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȈ Ȑ ȠȈȓțȕ-ȊȍȚȍȘȖȒ ȕȍ ȘȈșȒȈ-
ȟȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȣȋȈȓ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȝ ȊȍȚȊȧȝ ǪȈȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ Ȋșȍ șȟȐȚȈȓȈ
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȈȑ ȌȐȒȐȝ țȚȖȒ ȋțșȍȑ ȎțȘȈȊȓȍȑ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȗȚȐȞ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȍȓȖ ȕȈ Ȧȋ ȕȈȌ
ȍȍ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȖȑ
ǷȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈȔ ȘȈȕȖ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȖ ȚȍȔȕȍȚȤ ȌȍȕȤ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȋșȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ Ȉ șȖȓȕȞȍ
țȎȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȋȘȍȓȖ ǷȖșȓȍ ȖȕȖ ȏȈȊȖȓȖȒȓȖșȤ șȐȏȣȔȐ ȚțȟȈȔȐ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȐȌȚȐ Ȕȍȓ-
ȒȐȑ ȌȖȎȌȤ
ǪȈȕȧ Ȑ ǨȜȐȒ ȏȈȗȘȧȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ țȋȖȓ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ǪȈȕȧ șȚȘȖȐȓ Ȑȏ ȒțȉȐȒȖȊ ȉȈȠȕȐ
Ȑ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ Ȉ ȔȖȝȕȈȚȣȑ ǨȜȐȒ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȈ ȓȈȗȣ ȌȘȍȔȈȓ ȞȍȓȣȔȐ ȟȈșȈȔȐ
ǭȔț șȕȐȓȐșȤ ȟțȌȕȣȍ șȕȣ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ǪȈȕȐȕȈ ȔȈȔȈ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȈ ȍȔț ȗȖȓȕțȦ ȚȈ-
ȘȍȓȒț ȔȖȓȖȒȈ ș ȒțșȒȈȔȐ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȝȓȍȉȈ ǨȜȐȒ ș ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȤȍȔ ȋȓȖȚȈȓ ȔȧȋȒȐȍ ȒȖȘ-
ȒȐ Ȑ ȓȈȒȈȓ ȔȖȓȖȒȖ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ ȍȡȍ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȒȖșȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȖȒȖȓȖ
ȚȈȘȍȓȒȐ ȖșȚȈȊȠȐșȤ ȖȚ șțȗȈ ǯȈȗȈȝ ȎȐȘȕȖȋȖ ȌțȠȐșȚȖȋȖ ȔȧșȈ ȡȍȒȖȚȈȓ ȍȔț ȕȖȏ-
ȌȘȐ ǨȜȐȒ țȎȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȗȈșȚȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ ȒȖșȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ ȍȔț ȗȖȟțȌȐȓȖșȤ
ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȓȍșț ȏȈȊȣȓȈ ȞȍȓȈȧ șȚȈȧ ȊȖȓȒȖȊ Ƕȕ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ ǵȖ
Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ǪȣȓȐ ȕȍ ȊȖȓȒȐ Ȉ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȕȈ ȌȊȖȘȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȈȟȐ-
ȕȈȓȈșȤ șȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ ȉțȘȧ ǵȈȌ ȔȖȘȍȔ ȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȚțȟȐ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȒȈȗȓȐ ȌȖȎ-
Ȍȧ ȏȈȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȐȓȐ ȗȖ șȚȍȒȓț ȊȍȚȍȘ ȋȕȈȓ Ȋșȗȍȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȉȘȖșȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȕȈ șȒȈ-
ȓț ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȚȖȧȓȈ ǩȍȓȈȧ ȉȈȠȕȧ ǶȕȐ ȋȘȍȔȍȓȐ Ȗȉ ȒȈȔȕȐ ș ȚȈȒȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ȒȈȒ
ȉțȌȚȖ ȘȧȌȖȔ șȚȘȍȓȧȓȐ Ȑȏ ȗțȠȒȐ ǵȈȟȐȕȈȓȖ ȚȍȔȕȍȚȤ Ȉ ȉțȘȧ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȋșȍ
șȐȓȤȕȍȍ Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ Ȑ ǪȈȕȧ ș ǨȜȐȒȖȔ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ Ȑȏ ȖȒȕȈ ȒȈȒ ©ǩȈȉțȠȒȈª șȚȖȧ Ȋȣ-
Ƞȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈȌ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧȔȐ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȐȊȈȓȈ Ȑȏ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț șȊȖȐȔȐ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔȐ
ȊȍȚȒȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
Ǫ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȖȠȍȓ ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ȑ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— ǪȈȕȧ șȒȖȘȍȑ ȌȈȊȈȑ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȍ șȗȐȟȒȐ
ǪȈȕȧ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȒȖȘȖȉȖȟȒț Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞț ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ țȎȍ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ-
ȊȍȘȝ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȍȞ
ǪȍȓȐȒȈȕ ǰȧ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȊȖșȓȍȌ ȕȖ ǪȈȕȧ șȒȈȒȈȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȚțȗȍȕȤȒȐ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ
șȎȐȔȈȧ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ ȒȖȘȖȉȒț ǪȍȚȍȘ Ȋȣȓ Ȑ ȊȐȏȎȈȓ Ȋ ȉȈȠȕȍ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ șȚȖ ȒȖȠȍȒ ȘȈȏ-
ȉȍȎȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȒȘȣȠȍ ǯȈȗȣȝȈȊȠȐșȤ ǪȈȕȧ Ȑ ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȉȈȓȒȖȕ
ȕȈȊȍȘȝț Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȑȝ ȖȉȌȈȓ ȌȖȎȌȤ, ȒȈȒ Ȑȏ ȊȍȌȘȈ ǪȍȚȍȘ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ țȎȍ Ȋ țȘȈȋȈȕ
Ȑ șȖȘȊȈȓ ș ǪȈȕȐȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ Ƞȓȧȗț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ țȓȍȚȍȓȈ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ǹ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȖȔ ȏȈȝȓȖȗ-
ȕțȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ǪȈȕȍȑ Ȑ ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕȖȔ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȈȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȏȈȎȍȋ Ȋșȍ ȜȐȚȐȓȐ Ȑ
șȊȍȚ ȏȈșȐȧȓ ȚȍȔ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȥȚț ȕȖȟȤ Ȋ ȗțȚȐ ǷȘȖȓȐȊȕȖȑ
ȌȖȎȌȤ șȚțȟȈȓ Ȋ șȚȍȒȓȈ ȉȈȠȕȐ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȖ ȕȐȔ șȚȘȍȓȧȓȐ ȋȖȘȖȝȖȔ ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ
ȕȈȟȈȓ ȕȈȒȈȟȐȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȒȍȘȖșȐȕȈ Ȉ ȉțȘȧ ȏȓȐȓȈșȤ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ǭȡȍ șȐȓȤ-
ȕȍȍ Ȑ ȧȘȖșȚȕȍȍ ȋȘȍȔȍȓȐ ȊȕȐȏț ț șȒȈȓȣ ȊȖȓȕȣ ǪȈȕȍ șȚȈȓȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ
ȝȖȚȍȓ ȔȈȓȖȌțȠȕȐȟȈȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓșȧ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȖȚȞț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȏȈȊȖȌȐȓ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȍ-
Șȧȓ ȔȈȠȐȕț ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȊȠțȦ ȓȈȔȗț Ȋșȍ ȕȖȟȤ ǹȖ șȚȘȈȝȖȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ǪȈȕȧ ȕȈ
șȚȍȒȓȈ ǹȕȈȘțȎȐ ȘțȟȤȧȔȐ ȓȐȓȈșȤ ȊȖȌȈ Ȑ ȒȈȒ șȕȖȗȣ șȐȧȦȡȐȝ ȈȓȔȈȏȖȊ ȓȍȚȍȓȐ
ȉȘȣȏȋȐ ȊȖȌȣ Ȑ șȕȍȋȈ
— Ǩȝ — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ȋ țȎȈșȍ ǪȈȕȧ — ǺȈȔ ȔȈȠȍȚ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ǰȧ

Ǫ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȖȓȖșȈȝ ȊȖȌȣ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȚȍȕȐ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȒțȊȣȘȒȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ Ȑ ȐșȟȍȏȈȓȐ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ș ȋȘȖȝȖȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȝȓȖȗ-
ȕțȓȖșȤ Ȗȉ șȚȍȕȣ Ȑ ǪȈȕȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ ȒȖȋȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȞȈȘȈȗȈ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȗ șȚȍȒȓȖ Ƕȕ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕț ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȊ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȗȕ țșȓȣ-
ȠȈȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȣȑ ȗȐșȒ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȕȈ ȉȈȓȒȖȕ ǪȈȕȧ
țȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ ȗȚȐȞț ǶȕȈ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ, ȕȍ ȠȍȊȍȓȧșȤ Ȉ Ȑȏ ȍȍ
ȌȓȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȓȦȊȈ ȕȈ ȔȖȒȘȣȑ șȕȍȋ ȗȘȖșȈȟȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȈȓȈȧ ȒȘȖȊȤ
VII
ǸȎȘ ȚȜșȖșȟȭ ǰȎțȭ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ șȖȑȌȧ ȊȕȐȏ ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ȑ ǪȈȕȧ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȐ ȔȈȔȍ ȗȚȐȞț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ
ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔ ȎțȘȈȊȓȍȔ ǶȉȍșșȐȓȍȊ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖșȍȕȕȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȓȍȚȈ ȉȖȘȧșȤ
ș țȎȈșȕȖȑ ȉțȘȍȑ Ȗȕ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ țȊȐȌȍȓ șȊȍȚ ǩȍȓȖȑ ȉȈȠȕȐ ǮțȘȈȊȓȤ ȕȈȗȘȧ-
ȋȈȓ Ȋșȍ șȐȓȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ țȗȈșȚȤ ȖȚ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ Ƕȕ ȓȍȚȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣ-
șȚȘȍȍ Ȉ ȚțȚ ȍȡȍ ȉțȘȧ ȗȖȌȋȖȕȧȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ƕȕ ȕȍșșȧ ȒȈȒ ȗțȡȍȕȕȈȧ șȚȘȍȓȈ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ
ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȐ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ Ȑȝ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ ȍȋȖ ȊȍȒȈȔȐ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȏȈșȐȧȓȖ ǵȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ǮțȘȈȊȓȤ țȌȈȘȐȓșȧ
ȐȏȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȐȓ Ȗȉ șȚȍȒȓȖ Ȑ ȘȈȏȉȐȊȠȐșȤ ȌȖ ȒȘȖȊȐ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȉȈȓȒȖȕ ȔȈȧȒȈ ǪȍșȤ
ȔȖȒȘȣȑ ȖȚ ȊȖȌȣ ș ȗȖȘȈȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȎȐȊȖȑ ȕȖ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȒȓȦ-
ȊȈ ȗȖ ȒȈȗȍȓȤȒȈȔ șȖȟȐȓȈșȤ ȒȘȖȊȤ
ǪȈȕȐȕȈ ȔȈȔȈ țȒțȚȈȓȈ ȗȚȐȞț Ȋ Țȍȗȓȣȑ ȗȓȈȚȖȒ ȊȓȐȓȈ ȍȔț Ȋ ȘȖȚ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȒȈȗȍȓȤ ȘȈȏȉȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ țȒșțșȈ ǷȚȐȞȈ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȍȓȈ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȔȐ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȔȐ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ǪȈȕȧ Ȋȏȧȓ ȔȈȕȕțȦ ȒȈȠț ȗȘȐȋȖ-
ȚȖȊȓȍȕȕțȦ ȍȔț Ȓ țȎȐȕț Ȑ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȎțȘȈȊȓȤ ȖȚȊȍȌȈȓ ȊȒțșȕȖȋȖ ȉȓȦȌȈ ǵȖ
Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȚȘȖȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȍȌȍ ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȡțȗȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȓȈ-
ȗȣ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ȅȚȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ Ȑ ȕȍȖȗȣȚȕȣȑ ȎțȘȈȊȓȤ Ƕȕ ȖȚȉȐȓșȧ ȖȚ șȚȈȐ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ șȊȖȐȝ Ȑ
ȏȈȓȍȚȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȈȠ ȖȋȖȕȤ ǵȖ ȓȈȗȣ Ȑ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ Ȟȍȓȣ Ƕȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȐȓȤȕȖ țȌȈȘȐȓșȧ
ȒȓȦȊȖȔ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȗȉ șȚȍȒȓȖ ȉȈȠȕȐ ǭșȓȐ țȚȘȖȔ ȍȔț șȚȈȕȍȚ ȓțȟȠȍ Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚ-
șȧ ȎȐȊȣȔ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȏȐȔțȍȚ ț ȕȈș
ǴȈȔȈ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȈ șȚȈȘțȦ ȒȖȘȏȐȕț ȗȖȌȖșȚȓȈȓȈ ȚțȌȈ ȔȧȋȒȖȋȖ șȍȕȈ Ȑ țȓȖȎȐȓȈ
ȎțȘȈȊȓȧ Ǩ ǪȈȕȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȓȖȎȐȓșȧ șȗȈȚȤ ȗȖȔȖȓȐȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ǩȖȋț Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȐ-
ȚȈȊ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ
— ǰ ȍȡȍ ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ ȕȍ ȏȈȉțȌȤ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǨȜȐȒȈ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȖȠț Țȍȉȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȏț-
ȘȈȊȓȤ ȊȣȏȌȖȘȖȊȍȓ
_____

161
VIII
ǻȓȜȟȠȜȞȜȔțȜȓ șȬȏȜȝȩȠȟȠȐȜ
ǷȘȐȠȓȈ ȏȐȔȈ Ȑ ȗȖȒȘȣȓȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ șȕȍȎȕȣȔ ȖȌȍȧȓȖȔ ǮțȘȈȊȓȤ șȖȊșȍȔ Ȗȗ-
ȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȌȈȎȍ șșȖȘȐȓșȧ ș ǨȜȐȒȖȔ Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȚȈȘȍȓȒȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȚȖȚ ȖȉȍȌȈȓ Ȑ ȕȖȘȖȊȐȓ ȊȣȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ Ȑȏ ȔȐșȒȐ ȒțșȖȟȍȒ ȝȓȍȉȈ ȗȖȊȒțșȕȍȑ ǨȜȐȒ ȕȈ-
ȟȐȕȈȓ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȊȖȘȟȈȚȤ Ȑ șȍȘȌȐȚȤșȧ ǵȖ ȗȖȌȉȍȋȈȓȈ ǪȈȕȐȕȈ ȔȈȔȈ Ȑ ȖȚȋȖȕȧȓȈ Ȋ
șȚȖȘȖȕț ȗȚȐȞț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȟȈșȖȊȖȑ ȗȘȖșȚȈȐȊȈȓȈ Ȋ țȋȓț ȞȍȓȣȔȐ ȟȈșȈȔȐ Ȑ ȐȕȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȓȐȠȤ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ ©țȘȘª ǪȈȕȧ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȈȓȖ ȥȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ șȓȖ-
ȊȖ ǪȍȌȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓ Ȑȏ ȠȒȖȓȣ Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȗȍȘȍșȚțȗȈȓ ȗȖȘȖȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ Ȓ ȕȍ-
Ȕț ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȉȍȎȈȓ ȎțȘȈȊȓȤ Ȑ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ©țȘȘª Ǩ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȧȏȣ-
Ȓȍ ȎțȘȈȊȓȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ©ȏȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȑª ǪȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȗȘȖȏȊȈȓȐ ȎțȘȈȊȓȧ șȓȖȊȖȔ — ©ǻȘ-
ȒȈª ǲȖȋȌȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȊȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ Ȗȕ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȊȗȘȐȗȘȣȎȒț ȉȍȎȈȓ Ȓ
ȚȖȔț ȒȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȔȈȕȐȓ
ǺȈȒ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȏȐȔȈ ȕȖ ȕȈ ǸȖȎȌȍșȚȊȖ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȍ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȉȍȌȣ
ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȗȘȐȕȍș ȌȖȔȖȑ ȍȓȒț Ȉ ȕȈ șȖȟȍȓȤȕȐȒ ȔȈȔȈ Ȑ ǪȈȕȧ șȚȈȓȐ țȉȐȘȈȚȤ ȍȍ
șȊȍȟȒȈȔȐ ȏȖȓȖȟȍȕȣȔȐ ȖȘȍȝȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊșȧȒȐȔȐ ȐȋȘțȠȒȈȔȐ ǵȈ șȈȔȖȑ ȔȈȒțȠȒȍ
ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗȐȓȐ ȏȖȓȖȚțȦ ȏȊȍȏȌț ȊȍȚȒȐ ȖșȣȗȈȓȐ ȗȖșȍȘȍȉȘȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȈȚȖȑ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ
ȗȖȏȊȈȓȐ ȌȘțȏȍȑ ǪȈȕȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȣ ȗȖȌȈȘȒȐ ǲȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȗȖțȎȐ-
ȕȈȓȐ Ȑ șȢȍȓȐ ȒțȚȤȦ ȔȈȔȈ ȏȈȎȋȓȈ ȍȓȒț Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȊȗțșȚȐȓȐ ǨȜȐȒȈ Ȑ ǻȘȒț ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȖȕȐ ȚȖȎȍ ȗȖȘȈȌȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȌȍȚȤȔȐ ǨȜȐȒ ȗȖȔȈȝȐȊȈȧ ȖȚ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȧ
ȝȊȖșȚȖȔ ș ȓȈȍȔ șȚȈȓ ȕȖșȐȚȤșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȍȓȒȐ Ȉ ȌȍȚȐ ȊȏȧȊȠȐșȤ ȏȈ ȘțȒȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȚȈȕ-
ȞȍȊȈȚȤ ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȒțȘȐȓ șȊȖȦ ȚȘțȉȒț Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓ ș ȋȖșȚȧȔȐ Ȉ ǻȘȒȈ ȌȖȓȋȖ
șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȖȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȞȍ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ǪȌȘțȋ Ȗȕ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ©țȘȘ»
Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ ȊȏȓȍȚȍȓ Ȑ țșȍȓșȧ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȊȍȘȝțȠȒȍ ǹȊȖȐȔ ȉȍȓȣȔ ȒȘȣȓȖȔ Ȗȕ
ȏȈȞȍȗȐȓ ȋȖȘȧȡțȦ șȊȍȟȒț Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȤȧ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȋȖȘȍȚȤ ǴȈȔȈ Ȋ țȎȈșȍ ȊșȗȓȍșȕțȓȈ
ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȌȍȚȐ Ȋ șȚȘȈȝȍ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȧȔ ȕȖ ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȕȍ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȓșȧ Ƕȕ ȗȖȑ-
ȔȈȓ ȋȖȘȧȡȍȋȖ ǻȘȒț șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ Ȗȉȍ ȓȈȗȣ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓ Ȋ șȍȕȐ Ȑ ȏȈșțȕțȓ ȎțȘȈȊ-
ȓȧ ș ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȋ ȉȖȟȒț ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕțȦ ȊȖȌȖȑ ǻȘȒȈ ȖȚȉȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȍȐșȚȖȊȖ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ
ȕȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ țȎȍ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ ǮțȘȈȊȓȤ ȚȈȒ
șȔȍȠȕȖ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȍȓ ș ȗȖȌȋȖȘȍȊȠȐȔ ȒȘȣȓȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȚȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ șȔȍȧȚȤșȧ ǪȖȒȘțȋ
ǻȘȒȐ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȞȍȓȈȧ ȓțȎȈ Ȉ șȈȔȈȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ Ȑȏ ȗȘȐȠȍȌȠȐȝ ȕȈ ȗȘȈȏȌ-
ȕȐȒ — ȗȧȚȐȓȍȚȕȧȧ ǵȈȚȈȠȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ șȊȖȍȑ ȔȈȔȍ ȕȈ țȠȒȖ ȟȚȖ ǻȘȒȈ ȕȍȝȖȘȖȠȖ
șȍȉȧ Ȋȍȓ ȕȍ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȊȠȐșȤ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȠȖȟȍȒ
IX
ȁȞȘȖț ȝȎȟȝȜȞȠ
ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȗȘȐȓȍȚȍȓȈ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȔȖȘȧ ȊȍșȕȈ ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȘȈșȚȖȗȐȓȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȑ șȕȍȋ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȑ șȒȘȣȊȈȓ Ȑ ȘțȟȍȍȒ ȏȈȔȖȓȒȕțȊȠȐȑ ȗȖȌ ȓȤȌȖȔ Ȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ ȊȍȚȊȐ ©ǩȈȉțȠ-

162
ȒȐª ǵȈ ȌȊȖȘȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȖȓȍ ȏȈȏȊȍȕȍȓȐ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȗȖȚȖȒȖȊ Ȉ ȖșȚȘȣȍ șȖșțȓȤȒȐ ș ȠțȔȖȔ
șȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ș ȒȘȣȠȐ ©ǩȍȓȖȑ ȉȈȠȕȐª Ȑ ȘȈȏȉȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȗȉ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȒȈȒ ȏȊȖȕȒȖȍ șȚȍ-
ȒȓȖ ǰȏ-ȗȖȌ șȣȘȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȏȍȓȍȕȈȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȚȘȈȊȒȈ ǪȍȚȍȘȖȒ ȕȍșșȧ ș
ȔȖȘȧ ȋȌȍ șȗȍȠȐȓȐ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐ ȘȈșȗțșȚȐȊȠȐȍ ȗȈȘțșȈ Ȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȣ ȌȣȔȐȊȠȐȍ Ȑȏ
șȊȖȐȝ ȚȘțȉ ǯȐȔȖȑ ǨȜȐȒ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȌȘȍȔȈȓ țȚȒȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȕȖșȖȔ Ȋ ȓȈȗȣ ȏȈȉȐȊ-
ȠȐșȤ Ȋ țȋȖȓ ț ȗȍȟȒȐ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȏȍ ȍȔț șȕȖȊȈ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȣȋȈȚȤ ȗȖ ȝȖȓȔȈȔ Ȑ
ȓȈȧȚȤ ȕȈ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȖȉȓȈȟȒȈ ȖȕȐ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȍȔț ȉȈȘȈȠȒȈȔȐ ǪȍșȍȓȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ ǪȈ-
ȕȧ Ȑȏ ȠȒȖȓȣ Ȉ ȔȖȝȕȈȚȣȑ ǨȜȐȒ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȍȔț ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ©ǩȈȉțȠȒȈª ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȗȘȍȎ-
Ȍȍ ȒȐȊȈȓȈ ȐȔ ȖȉȖȐȔ șȊȖȍȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȌȈȊȈȧ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȕȐ ȗȖșȓȍ
ȖȉȍȌȈ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȍșȒȍ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȍȍ ȌțȗȓȈ ȋȌȍ țȎȍ ȞȊȍȓȈ ȏȍȔȓȧȕȐȒȈ Ǫ
ȌȍȕȤ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ǪȈȕȐ ȔȈȔȈ ȗȖȌȈȘȐȓȈ ȍȔț ȕȖȊȣȍ ȋȘȈȉȓȐ Ȑ ȓȖȗȈȚț Ȑ Ȗȕ șȚȘȖȐȓ Ȑȏ
ȗȍșȒȈ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȐ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ Ȉ ǻȘȒȈ ȒȈȒ ȕȍțȚȖȔȐȔȣȑ ȟȈșȖȊȖȑ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȕȖ-
ȋȍ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȐȋȘȈȍȚ ǪȈȕȧ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȘȈșȝȈȎȐȊȈȓ ȗȖ ȓțȋț Ȑ ȊȣȐșȒȐȊȈȓ
șȊȖȐȔ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔ ȒȓȦȊȖȔ ȌȖȎȌȍȊȣȝ ȟȍȘȊȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȋȓȖȚȈȓ ș ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔ țȌȖȊȖȓȤ-
șȚȊȐȍȔ
ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ șȌȍȓȈȓ Ȑȏ ȔȍȌȕȖȑ ȌȖȡȍȟȒȐ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȗȓȖșȒȐȑ ȒȘțȎȖȒ Ȑ ȕȈ Ȟȍ-
ȗȖȟȒȍ ȗȖȊȍșȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȠȍȦ ǻȘȒȐ ǵȈ ȥȚȖȑ ȌȖȡȍȟȒȍ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓ
©ǻȘȒȐȕȣȔ ȗȈșȗȖȘȚȖȔª Ȗȕ ȊȣȘȍȏȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȐȔȧ Ȑ ȎțȘȈȊȓȤ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȚȈȓ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȖ-
ȝȖȎ ȕȈ șȖȓȌȈȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȗȖȎȈȓȖȊȈȓȐ ȔȍȌȈȓȤ
X
ǽȜȠȓȞȭțțȎȭ ȘțȖȔȘȎ
ǵȈșȚțȗȈȓȖ ȓȍȚȖ Ǫ ȓȍșț ȗȖȧȊȐȓȖșȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȏȍȔȓȧȕȐȒȐ Ȑ ǪȈȕȐȕȈ ȔȈȔȈ șȖȉȐ-
ȘȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȓțȎȈȑȒȈȝ ȧȋȖȌȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȊȈȘȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȏȐȔț ȊȒțșȕȖȍ ȊȈȘȍȕȤȍ Ǫ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋ-
ȌȈ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȍ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ Ȋȣ țȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ǪȈȕȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ
ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȠȒȖȓȈ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȓȍȚȖ
Ȑ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓșȧ ȖȚȌȣȝ ǯȈ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȍ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ Ȑ țșȗȍȝȐ ǪȈȕȧ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ Ȋ ȕȈȋȘȈȌț
ȟțȌȍșȕțȦ ȒȕȐȋț ș ȒȈȘȚȐȕȒȈȔȐ Ǫ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȕȐȋȍ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȓȖșȤ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ Ȋ ǨȜ-
ȘȐȒț ȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȔȍȓȖȋȖ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ǪȈȕȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȏȈȔȖȘșȒȐȍ șȚȘȈ-
ȕȣ Ȑ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȧșȤ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ țȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȗȘȐșȍșȚȤ ț șȚȊȖȓȈ
©ǩȈȉțȠȒȐª Ȑ ȗȍȘȍșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȒȐ ǵȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȗȘȐȔȟȈȓșȧ ǨȜȐȒ Ȑ ǪȈ-
ȕȧ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȍȔț ȌȘțȋț ȒȈȘȚȐȕȒȐ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȘȐșȖȊȈȕȣ șȓȖȕȣ ȚȐ-
ȋȘȣ ȓȤȊȣ ȒȘȖȒȖȌȐȓȣ ȘȈȑșȒȐȍ ȗȚȐȞȣ Ȑ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȣ ǪȌȘțȋ ǨȜȐȒ ȏȈȓȈȧȓ ǲȘȈȌț-
ȟȐșȤ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȑ Ƞȓȧȗȍ ș ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȉȖȘȖȌȖȑ
ǾȊȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ ȉȣȓ șȖȊșȍȔ ȒȖȘȐȟȕȍȊȣȑ Ȉ ȏțȉȣ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȍȓȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȔȖȓȖȒȖ
ǪȈȕȧ ȐșȗțȋȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȘȈȏȉȖȑȕȐȒ ǵȖ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ
— ǲȈȒ Țȍȉȧ ȏȖȊțȚ" ǶȚȒțȌȈ ț Țȍȉȧ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȒȘȈșȐȊȈȧ ȒȕȐȎȒȈ"
ǪȈȕȧ ȗȖȉȖȘȖȓ șȊȖȑ șȚȘȈȝ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖȕȤȒȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— Ǵȍȕȧ ȏȖȊțȚ ǪȈȕȍȑ Ȉ ȒȕȐȎȒț ȧ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȏȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ țȟȐȓșȧ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȉȖȘȖȌȖȑ ȗȘȐșȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȚȖȟȒȐ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȘ-
ȚȐȕȒȐ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧșȤ ȗȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȈȔ ǨȜȐȒ ȕȍ țȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȗȖ-

163
ȟțȧȊ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȌȖȉȘȖȍ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȓȈȧȓ
— Ǩȝ ȒȈȒȐȍ șȓȈȊȕȣȍ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȒȐ ǪȖȚ ȉȣ ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȔȖȧ ȌȖȟȒȈ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ț
ȕȍȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȒȕȐȎȒȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȑ Ƞȓȧȗȍ — Ǩ ȖȕȈ ȓȍȎȐȚ
ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȉȖȓȤȕȈȧ Ȑ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖ ȗȓȈȟȍȚ ǯȕȈȍȠȤ ǪȈȕȧ ȍșȓȐ Țȣ ȌȖȉȘȣȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȗȖȑ-
ȌȍȔ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ǻȣ ȗȖȒȈȎȍȠȤ ȔȖȍȑ ȌȖȟȒȍ șȊȖȦ ȒȕȐȎȒț Ȉ ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȠȤșȧ ȌȖ-
ȔȖȑ
ǪȈȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ șȚȈȓȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ Ƕȕ șȚȈȓ ȖȚȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤșȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȎȌȍȚ ȔȈ-
ȔȈ ǵȖ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋȏȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȘțȒț Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȎȐȊȍȚ Ȗȕ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ-
ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȏȈ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȖȔ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ǪȈȕȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȋȐȉ Ȑ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȓ ǨȜȐȒ
ȕȈȟȈȓ ȊȣȚȤ ȉȘȖșȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȞȈ ȕȖ ȚȖȚ ȖȚȠȊȣȘȕțȓ ȍȋȖ țȌȈȘȖȔ șȈȗȖȋȈ Ȑ
șȝȊȈȚȐȊ ȊȌȘțȋ ǪȈȕȦ ȕȈ ȘțȒȐ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ǪȈȕȧ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ țȘȖȕȐȓ ȒȕȐȎ-
Ȓț ȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ țȎȍ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ǨȜȐȒ ȊȐȌȧ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ǩȍȓȖȑ ȉȈȠȕȐ
Ȑ Ȑșȟȍȏ ȏȈ ȒțșȚȈȔȐ
XI
ǮȢȖȘ ȐȜȓȠ
ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȉȣȓ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȝțȠȒȍ ȉȈȠȕȐ Ȑ ȟȐșȚȐȓ ȓȈȔȗț ȒȖȋȌȈ țșȓȣȝȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȊȕȐ-
ȏț ȟȍȋȖ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȊȈȓȖ ǨȜȐȒ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȣȑ ȊȖȑ Ȑ ȞȈȘȈ-
ȗȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ ǷȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȌȖȉȘȖȍ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ ȊȕȐȏ
ǪȈȕȐȕȈ ȔȈȔȈ țȠȓȈ Ȓ șȖșȍȌȧȔ Ȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ șȓȣȠȈȚȤ ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ șȉȍȎȈȓ ș
ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȣ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ǨȜȐȒ ȊȐȏȎȈ ȎȈȓțȧșȤ ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ ȍȔț Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȒțȌȈ-
ȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȚ Ƕȕ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȏȈ ǨȜȐȒȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȚȘȍȔȋȓȈȊ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȓȍșț
ǩȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȐȔȟȈȓȐșȤ ȖȕȐ Ȓ ȘțȟȍȑȒț Ȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ǷȍȘȊȣȑ ȌȖ-
ȉȍȎȈȓ ȌȖ ©ǩȈȉțȠȒȐª ǨȜȐȒ Ƕȕ șȕȖȊȈ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȊȐȏȎȈȚȤ ȉȍȋȈȚȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ Ȑ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȌȖșȗȍȓ ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǨȜȐȒ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȓȍș ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ǨȜȐȒ ȕȦ-
ȝȈȧ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȗȖ ȟȤȐȔ-ȚȖ șȓȍȌȈȔ ǪȍȚȒȐ Ȑ ȒțșȚȈȘȕȐȒȐ ȉȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȓȐȞț
ȕȖ ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȕȐ ȌȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȌȖ
ȗȖȓȧȕȣ ǯȌȍșȤ ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȗȍȗȍȓ ȗȖȚțȝȠȍȋȖ ȒȖșȚȘȈ Ȉ ȕȈ ȚȘȈȊȍ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȒȕȐȎ-
ȒȈ ș ȒȈȘȚȐȕȒȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ǪȈȕȧ Ȋ ȕȈȋȘȈȌț ǵȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ǪȈȕȐ ȕȐȋȌȍ ȕȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȝȖȚȧ ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȊȍșȤ ȓȍș Ƕȕ șȚȈȓ ȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ ©ǵȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤª ǷȘȐȉȍȎȈ-
ȓȐ șȖșȍȌȐ Ȑ ǪȈȕȐȕȈ ȔȈȔȈ ǹȖșȍȌȐ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕț ȟȚȖ ȍȡȍ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ țȚȘȖȔ
ȖȕȐ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȑ șȈȔȖȑ ȗȖȓȧȕȍ ȊȈȘȐȓȐ șȍȉȍ ȒȈȠț ȞȣȋȈȕȍ Ǫșȍ ȉȘȖșȐ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȑȝ ȘȈȏȣșȒȐȊȈȚȤ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȐ Ȋ ȓȍșț ȕȐ ț ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȔȖȘȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ǪȈȕȐȕȣ ȔȈȔȈ Ȑ ȗȈȗȈ ȋȖȘȤȒȖ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȓȐ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ Ȋ ǩȍȓțȦ ȉȈȠȕȦ ȔȖȓȧșȤ
ǩȖȋț ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ ȊȍȘȕțȓ ȐȔ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ șȣȕȈ ǵȈ șȚȖȓȍ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȒȕȐȎȒȈ
ǪȈȕȐ ș ȒȈȘȚȐȕȒȈȔȐ Ȋ țȋȓț ȊȏȌȣȝȈȓ ǨȜȐȒ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȉȘȖșȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȧȔ ȌȈ ǻȘȒȈ ȗȍ-
ȟȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȚȖ Ȓ ȔȈȔȍ ȚȖ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ șȗȘȈ-
ȠȐȊȈȧ ©ǫȌȍ Ȏȍ ǪȈȕȧ ȒțȌȈ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ ȏȈȉȍȎȈȓ" ǻȎȍ ȊȍȌȤ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȈ ȌȊȖȘȍª
ǵȖ ǪȈȕȐ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȚȖȋȌȈ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ

XII
ǸȎȝȖȠȎț ȐȩȝȡȟȘȎȓȠ ȁȞȘȡ
ǺȐȝȖ șȚȈȓȖ Ȋ ǩȍȓȖȑ ȉȈȠȕȍ ǵȍȒȖȔț țȎȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȣȋȈȚȤ ș ǨȜȐȒȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȟȈșȈȔȐ ȓȍȎȈȓ Ȋ țȋȓț Ȑ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ ȒȈȒ ǪȈȕȧ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȓȖȊȐȚȤ șȈȝȈȘ Ȑ șȓț-
ȎȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȏȈȌȕȐȝ ȓȈȗȈȝ ǷȖȌȖȓȋț Ȑ ȟȈșȚȖ ȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ ǪȈȕȐȕȈ ȔȈȔȈ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȕȈȌȍȧȓȈșȤ
ȟȚȖ ǪȈȕȧ șȣȡȍȚșȧ ǵȖ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȌȕȐ Ȑ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ Ȉ Ȗ ǪȈȕȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȐȏȊȍ-
șȚȐȑ ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȐȏȢȍȏȌȐȓ ȊșȦ șȚȘȈȕț ȗȍȟȈȚȈȓ Ȋ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ ȖȉȢȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ǪȈȕȦ ȘȈȏȣ-
șȒȐȊȈȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒȐȍ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ǷȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈȔ ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ țȎȍ Țȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȖȌȐȕ ȕȈ ȉȈȠȕȦ Ȑ ȏȈȎȐȋȈȓ ȓȈȔȗț șȈȔ ©ǹȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȍ șȗȐȟȒȐª
ȓȍȎȈȓȐ Ȋ ȒȖȔȖȌȍ ȕȖ ȔȈȔȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȊȍȘȐȚ ȟȚȖ ǪȈȕȧ ȊȍȘ-
ȕȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȑȌȍȚ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȖȘȖȉȖȟȒȖȑ ȏȈȎȍȟȤ ȔȈȧȒ
ǻȘȒȈ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȊȣȘȖș ȏȈ ȓȍȚȖ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȔ ȎțȘȈȊȓȍȔ ǭȋȖ ȖȉȖȎ-
ȎȍȕȕȖȍ ȒȘȣȓȖ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ ȗȖȒȘȣȓȖșȤ ȕȖȊȣȔȐ ȟȐșȚȣȔȐ ȗȍȘȤȧȔȐ ǲȖȋȌȈ ȍȋȖ
ȊȣȗțșȒȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒț Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ș ȒȓȍȒȖȚȖȔ ȕȈȌ ȏȈȉȖȘȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȓșȧ
Ȓ ©ǩȈȉțȠȒȍª ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȓ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȓȍșȈ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȘȈȏȣșȒȐȊȈȓ ǪȈȕȦ Ȉ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȐȝȖ
ȖȗțșȒȈȓșȧ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȍ
Ǫ ȗȖȓȧȝ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȒȖșȐȚȤ ȝȓȍȉȈ țȉȐȘȈȚȤ șȕȖȗȣ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ ȠȒȖȓȤȕȐȒȐ ȊȍșȍȓȖȑ
ȋțȘȤȉȖȑ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȠȒȖȓț Ǫșȍ ȖȕȐ ȏȈȕȧȓȐ șȊȖȐ ȔȍșȚȈ ȕȈ șȒȈȔȍȑȒȈȝ ȖȌȕȖ
ȓȐȠȤ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȗțșȚȣȔ — ȚȖ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ șȐȌȍȓ ǪȈȕȧ
ǯȈ ȔȖȘȍ țȓȍȚȈȓȐ țȎȍ ȗȚȐȞȣ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȓȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȊȣșȖȒȖ Ȋ ȕȍȉȍ ȉȣȓȐ
ȊȐȌȕȣ ȏȖȓȖȚȐșȚȣȍ ȟȍȚȒȐ ȅȚȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȈȘȍȑ ȓȍȚȍȓȐ ȕȈ Ȧȋ ȕȈ ȏȐȔȖȊȒț
ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ șȚȈȐ ȌȐȒȐȝ ȓȍȉȍȌȍȑ Ȑ ȋțșȍȑ
Ǫ ȖȌȐȕ ȚȐȝȐȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ șȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȎțȘȈȊȓȍȑ ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ
ȘȍȠȐȓ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȚȤ ǻȘȒț ȕȈ șȊȖȉȖȌț Ƕȕ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ș ȕȐȔ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȝțȠȒț ȉȈȠȕȐ
ǻȎȍ ȗȘȧȚȈȓȖșȤ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȏȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ ț șȒȈȓȣ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȊȣșȖȒȈȧ
ȉȈȠȕȧ ȗȓȍșȒȈȓȖșȤ ȔȖȘȍ ǪȌȘțȋ ȊȌȈȓȐ Ȋ ȊȣȠȐȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȚȖȟȒȈ ǶȕȈ ȕȈȟȈ-
ȓȈ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȐȓȐșȤ ȍȡȍ ȚȖȟȒȐ Ȑ ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȕȍ-
ȉȍ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȤȕȐȒ ȎțȘȈȊȓȍȑ țȓȍȚȈȊȠȐȝ Ȋ Țȍȗȓȣȍ ȒȘȈȧ ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ǻȘȒț Ȑ
ȗȖȌȉȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȔȖȋ ǮțȘȈȊȓȤ ȘȈșȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȠțȔȧȡȐȍ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ
ȖȉȓȍȚȍȓ ȉȈȠȕȦ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ țșȍȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȐȓȈȝ ǺȖȋȌȈ ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ȋȏȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȓ ȍȍ Ȑ țȒȈȏȈȓ ǻȘȒȍ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȊȠțȦ ȕȈȌ ȔȈȧȒȖȔ șȚȈȦ ǴȐȔȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȕȍșȓȐșȤ
ȎțȘȈȊȓȐ Ȉ Ȑȝ ȋȖȘȚȈȕȕȣȍ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȚȘțȉȐȓȐ Ȋ ȘȖȋ ȖȋȓȈȠȈȓȐ ȊȍșȤ
ȊȖȏȌțȝ ǲȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȖȕȐ ȏȊȈȓȐ ǻȘȒț ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ șȕȖȊȈ Ȋȏȧȓ ǻȘȒț
ȕȈ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȉȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȖȗȧȚȤ ǮțȘȈȊȓȤ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȊȣȠȍ ȗȖȒȘțȎȐȓ
ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȔȈȧȒȈ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȘȖȒȘȐȟȈȊ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȡȈȕȐȍ șȊȖȐȔ șȐȓȤȕȣȔ ȋȖȘȓȖȔ ©ǻȘ,
țȘª — șȚȈȓ ȌȖȋȖȕȧȚȤ ȐșȟȍȏȈȊȠțȦ ȊȌȈȓȐ șȚȈȦ
_____

165
ȃIII
ǾȎȕȑȜȐȜȞ ȔȡȞȎȐșȓȗ
ǷȖȘȈȊȕȧȊȠȐșȤ ș ȗȚȐȞȈȔȐ ȓȍȚȍȊȠȐȔȐ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȤȕȐȒȈ ǻȘȒȈ ȏȈȒȘȐ-
ȟȈȓ ȗȖ-ȎțȘȈȊȓȐȕȖȔț
— ǯȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȑȚȍ ȔȐȓȣȍ ȉȘȈȚȤȧ
ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȎțȘȈȊȓȍȑ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ǻȘȒț Ȑ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ șȊȖȍȑ șȍșȚȘȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȓȍ-
ȚȍȓȈ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȕȍȋȖ
— ǶȚȒțȌȈ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȖșȚȘȍȓ"
ǺȈ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓȈșȤ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȓțȒȈȊȖ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȊ ȕȈ ǻȘȒț ȖȚ-
ȊȍȚȐȓȈ
— ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȧ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȦ ǲȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȗȕ ș ȕȈȔȐ ȥȚȐȔ ȓȍȚȖȔ ȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓșȧ
ǻȘȒȈ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȍ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ Ȓ șȍȉȍ"
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȎțȘȈȊȓȤ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ǻȘȒȈ ȗȖȏȌȖȘȖȊȈȓșȧ ȏȈȚȘțȉȐȓ ȍȡȍ ȋȘȖȔȟȍ ȗȖȚȖ-
Ȕț ȟȚȖ șȚȖ ȎțȘȈȊȓȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȘȈȏȖȔ ȗȘȖȘȍȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȌȊțȔȧșȚȈȔȐ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ-
ȔȐ ȕȍșȓȐșȤ ș ȚȈȒȐȔ ȠțȔȖȔ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȕȈȌ ȔȖȘȍȔ ȔȟȈȓșȧ ȊȍȚȍȘ Ƕȕ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— ǪȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȞ ȗȖ ȚȊȖȐȔ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔ ȌȈ Ȑ ȗȖ ȕȖșț ȊȐȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȕȈș-
ȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȎțȘȈȊȓȤ ǳȍȚȐȔ Ȕȣ Ȋ ǨȜȘȐȒț ȕȈ ȏȐȔț ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȕȈȔ șȍȑȟȈș ȕȍ
ȊȘȍȔȧ ǵȈȌȖ șȓȍȌȐȚȤ ȟȚȖȉ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȤȕȐȒ șȚȈȐ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȚȘȖȐȓșȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ, ȝȖ-
Țȧ Ȕȣ Ȑ ȖȉȋȖȕȧȍȔ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐ ț ȕȈș ȕȐ ȒȖȔȗȈșȈ ȕȐ ȗȈȘțșȖȊ ȕȍȚț Ȉ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȖȔ ț
ȕȈș ȖȌȐȕ ȎțȘȈȊȓȤ-ȗȘȍȌȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȤ ȟȚȖ ȓȍȚȐȚ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ Ȋșȍȝ ǹȚțȗȈȑ-ȒȈ Țȣ Ȓ ȕȍȔț
Ȑ ȗȘȖșȐ ȊȖȎȈȒȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȐȓ Țȍȉȍ ȗȘȐșȚȈȚȤ Ȓ șȚȈȍ
ǻȘȒȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȏȈȔȈȝȈȓ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȔȟȈȓșȧ Ȓ șȚȈȘȖȔț ȎțȘȈȊȓȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
Ȋȍȓ ȗȚȐȞ-ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ
— ǬȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȗȘȍȌȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȤ-ȎțȘȈȊȓȤ — ȕȈȟȈȓ ǻȘȒȈ — ȗȖȏȊȖȓȤ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐșȚȈȚȤ
Ȓ ȚȊȖȍȑ șȚȈȍ
— Ǩ Țȣ ȖȚȒțȌȈ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ" — ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȒțȘȓȣȒȈȓ ȊȖȎȈȒ — ǵȈș Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȚȖȋȖ
ȔȕȖȋȖ ǬțȔȈȍȠȤ ȓȍȋȒȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȗȍȘȍȓȍȚȍȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȘȍ șȖ șȚȈ ȎțȘȈȊȓȧȔȐ"
— ȇ ș ©ǩȍȓȖȑ ȉȈȠȕȐª — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȧ ǻȘȒȈ — ȇ țȎȍ ȓȍȚȈȓ ȌȈ ȉțȘȧ ȏȈȋȕȈȓȈ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȖȟȤ ȖȚ ȔȖȍȑ șȚȈȐ ȇ ȟțȚȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȉȐȓșȧ ȕȈșȔȍȘȚȤ Ȉ ȊȖȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȑȡț
șȊȖȐȝ
— ǨȋȈ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȦ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȎțȘȈȊȓȤ — ǪȍșȕȖȑ Ȕȣ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȕȍȌȖșȟȐȚȈȓȐșȤ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȞȈ ǵț ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȑșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȕȍȞ șȚȈȐ ȌȈ șȓȍȌȐ
ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒțȌȈ Ȕȣ ȓȍȚȐȔ ǺȈȔ țȎȍ Ȋ ǨȜȘȐȒȍ ȘȈȏȉȍȘȍȔșȧ
ǻȘȒȈ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȏȈȒțȘȓȣȒȈȓ ȗȖȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȓ ȗȘȍȌȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȧ șȚȈȐ Ȑ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȔȐ-
ȔȖ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȕȍșșȧ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȎțȘȈȊȓȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȕȈȏȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȖșȚȘȍ-
ȓȖȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖȓȍȚȍȓ șȏȈȌȐ ȕȍȋȖ ȊȓȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȤȕȐȒ
ǯȍȔȓȧ șȒȖȘȖ șȒȘȣȓȈșȤ Ȑȏ ȊȐȌț ǹ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȊȣșȖȚȣ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ ȉȍȏ ȒȖȕȞȈ Ȑ ȒȘȈȦ ȌȈ Ȋ ȉȍȏȔȍȘȕȖȑ ȊȣșȐ ȏȈȎȐȋȈȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ ȉȓȐșȚȈȦ-
ȡȐȍ ȈȓȔȈȏȣ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ

166
XIV
ȀȞȭȝȘȎ ȐȜ ȞȠȡ Ȗ ȐȓȞȓȐȘȎ ȐȜȘȞȡȑ ȠȓșȎ
ǲțȌȈ Ȏȍ Ȑșȟȍȏ ǪȈȕȧ" ǿȚȖ ș ȕȐȔ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ" Ǩ ȊȖȚ ȒȈȒ ȖȉșȚȖȧȓȖ ȌȍȓȖ ǲȈȒ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ǨȜȐȒ ȗȖȔȟȈȓșȧ Ȓ ǩȍȓȖȑ ȉȈȠȕȍ ȉȘȖȌȧȋȈ-ȞȣȋȈȕ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ǪȈȕȦ ȕȈ ȘțȒȐ
Ȑ ȗȖȕȍșșȧ Ȓ ȔȖȘȦ ǯȌȍșȤ ț ȖȉȘȣȊȈ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȦ ȋȓțȝȖȑ ȚȘȖȗȐȕȒȐ șȐȌȍȓ ȊȍȘȝȖȔ ȕȈ
ȓȖȠȈȌȐ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȞȣȋȈȕ Ȑ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȗȖȌ țȏȌȞȣ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȕț ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ǵȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȕȐ
șȓȖȊȈ ȖȕȐ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊșțȕțȓȐ Ȋ ȘȖȚ ǪȈȕȍ ȚȘȧȗȒț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ țșȓȣȠȈȚȤ
ȍȋȖ ȒȘȐȒȖȊ Ȗ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ǪȈȕȧ ȗȓȈȒȈȓ ȋȖȘȤȒȐȔȐ șȓȍȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȍȔț șȚȈȓȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ
ȒȈȒ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȡȍ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȔț șȕȐȓșȧ ȊȍȓȐȒȈȕ ǰȧ ǾȣȋȈȕ
țȒȘȈȊȠȐȑ ǪȈȕȦ Ȋ ȓȍșț ȗȘȣȋȕțȓ ȕȈ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ țȌȈȘȐȓ ȍȍ ȝȊȖȘȖșȚȐȕȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖȕȍșșȧ
ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ǳȖȠȈȌȐ șȒȈȒȈȓȐ ȋȈȓȖȗȖȔ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȧ ȖȉȓȈȒȈ ȗȣȓȐ ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȐșȟȍȏȈȓȈ ǩȍȓȈȧ ȉȈȠȕȧ șȚȈȕȖȊȧșȤ Ȋșȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ Ȑ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ
ǪȈȕȧ ȗȓȈȒȈȓ Ȑ ȉȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȞȣȋȈȕȈ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȉȘȖȌȧȋȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț
șȊȧȏȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖșȒȈȒȈȓ ȍȡȍ ȉȣșȚȘȍȑ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ șȊȍȘȕțȊ ș ȌȖȘȖȋȐ
Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ ȓȍș ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐȔȟȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȧȕț ǵȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȐȔ Ȋȣȉȍ-
ȎȈȓȈ ȞȍȓȈȧ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȞȣȋȈȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȐșȤ ȏȌȍșȤ șȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȗȖȊȖȏȒȈȔȐ
ǪȍȘȝȖȊȣȍ șȗȘȣȋȕțȓȐ ș ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ Ȑ șȚȈȓȐ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȠȍȗȚȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ
ȧȏȣȒȍ ș ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ȉȘȖȌȧȋȈȔȐ ǵȖ șȒȖȘȖ ȖȕȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ șȗȖȘȐȚȤ Ȑ ȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ ȌȘțȋ ȕȈ
ȌȘțȋȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȒțȓȈȒȐ ǰȝ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȉȓȍșȚȍȓȐ Ȉ ȖȌȐȕ ȞȣȋȈȕ șȝȊȈ-
ȚȐȓșȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȏȈ ȕȖȎ Ȑ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȒȘȐȟȈ ȏȈȔȈȝȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ǪȈȕȦ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ șȖȉȐȘȈȓșȧ
ȍȋȖ țȉȐȚȤ ǻ ǪȈȕȐ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȑ Ȋ Ȕȣșȓȧȝ Ȗȕ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȘȖșȚȐȓșȧ ș ȔȈȔȖȑ
ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕȖȔ ǨȜȐȒȖȔ Ȑ ǻȘȒȖȑ ǵȖ șȗȖȘ șȒȖȘȖ ȏȈȔȖȓȒ ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȞȣȋȈȕ ș șȍȘȤ-
ȋȖȑ Ȋ țȝȍ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȗȖȧșȈ ȒȖȠȍȓȍȒ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȖȚșȣȗȈȚȤ ȔȖȕȍȚȣ ǪȖȘȣ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȍȏȠȐȍ ǪȈȕȦ ȗȍȘȍșȟȐȚȈȓȐ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȗȖșȓȍ șȊȧȏȈȓȐ ȍȔț ȗȖȒȘȍȗȟȍ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ ȘțȒȐ Ȉ
ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȈȉȘȖșȐȓȐ ȔȍȠȖȒ ȖȉȒȘțȚȐȊ ȍȋȖ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȖȑ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȠȍȐ ǪȈȕȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
șȓȣȠȈȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȞȣȋȈȕȍ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ ȉȍșȍȌțȦȚ ȕȖ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȕȐ-
ȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ǷȖșȓȍ Ȗȕ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊșȒȐȕțȓ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȐ Ȑ ȕȍșȧ,
ȒȈȒ ȒțȓȤ șȚȈȓ țȌȈȓȧȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȚȈȉȖȘȈ
XV
ǿȜț țȎ ȘȎțȎȠȎȣ
ǾȣȋȈȕȍ Ȑȏ ȚȈȉȖȘȈ ȒțȗȐȊȠȐȍ ǪȈȕȦ ȠȓȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȖȓȋȖ ǻ ǪȈȕȐ ȉȖȓȍȓȐ țȎȍ
Ȋșȍ ȒȖșȚȐ ȖȚ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȚȈȡȐȓȐ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȍ ȒȈȒ ȔȍȠȖȒ ș ȒȈȘȚȖȜȍȓȍȔ ǵȈȒȖ-
ȕȍȞ ȉȘȖȌȧȋȐ șȚȈȓȐ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȚȤșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȒțșȚȈȘȕȐȒ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ǪȈȕȧ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȓ-
șȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȞȣȋȈȕ ȕȍșȠȐȑ ȍȋȖ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ șȚȈȓ ȐȌȚȐ șȐȓȤȕȖ șȖȋȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȉ
ȊȍȚȒȐ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȞȍȗȓȧȓȐ ǪȈȕȦ ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȐ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȊț ǷȖșȓȍ Ȗȕ șȗțșȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȦ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȈȓ ȍȔț ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȖȓȏȚȐ ȌȍȘȎȈșȤ ȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȠȚȈȕȣ
ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȚȤșȧ ǺȈȒ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ-

167
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȒȈ ǪȈȕȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȚȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȗȈȝȕȍȚ ȌȣȔȖȔ ǵȈ-
ȒȖȕȍȞ ȞȣȋȈȕ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ș ȒȍȔ-ȚȖ Ȑ șȕȧȓ ș ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȑ
ȔȍȠȖȒ ǪȈȕȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȗȍȡȍȘȍ ǵȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȋȖȘȍȓ ȒȖș-
ȚȍȘ ȖșȊȍȡȈȧ ȌȊțȝ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȗȖȌȎȐȌȈȊȠȐȝ ȗȖȝȐȚȐȚȍȓȍȑ
ǷȓȈȔȧ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓȖ șȚȍȕȣ ȗȍȡȍȘȣ ǭȍ șȊȖȌȣ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐ țȎȈșȕțȦ ȗȈșȚȤ ȏȊȍ-
Șȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȘȈșȒȘȣȊ ȍȍ ȖȒȈȔȍȕȍȓ ȕȈȊȍȒȐ
ǲȈȔȍȕȕȣȍ șȚȖȓȉȣ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȖȑ șȖ șȚȊȖȓ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȉȖȒȈȔ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȒȓȣȒȐ ǪȕȐȏț ȉȣȓȈ ȊȐȌȕȈ ȊȖȌȈ Ȉ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȓȖȌ-
ȒȈ ǪȈȕȧ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȒȘțȋȖȔ Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȓȦȌȐ Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȚȈȡȐȓȐ
ȞȣȋȈȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȌȍȚȣ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȖ-ȌȘțȋȖȔț ǻ ȕȐȝ ȉȣȓȐ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȜȍșȒȐ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖ-
ȊȈȝ ș ȉȖȓȚȈȊȠȐȔȐșȧ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȒȐșȚȖȟȒȈȔȐ ǰȝ șȐȕȐȍ ȒțȘȚȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈșȠȐȚȣ
ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ Ȉ ȠȈȘȖȊȈȘȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȚȧȕțȚȣ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȣȔȐ ȗȖȧșȈȔȐ ǻ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȏȈ ȗȖȧ-
șȖȔ ȚȖȘȟȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȌȊȈ ȗȐșȚȖȓȍȚȈ Ȑ ȒȘȐȊȖȔț ȒȐȕȎȈȓț ǰȝ ȕȖȋȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȉțȚȣ Ȋ ȚțȜ-
ȓȐ Ȑȏ ȔȧȋȒȖȑ ȕȖȎȐ ș ȏȈȋȕțȚȣȔȐ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ ȕȖșȒȈȔȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ țȎȍ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ǪȈȕȧ ȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȒȍ ǵȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȞȣ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤ ǪȈȕȦ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋȣ-
ȚȈȡȐȓȐ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȐȏȖ ȘȚȈ ȚȘȧȗȒț ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȗȕ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȌȖȝșȧ ǪȈȕȧ șȕȖȊȈ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓ ȗȓȈȒȈȚȤ ȕȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȜȍșȒȍ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȓ ȕȈ ȓȖȌȒț
ǵȈ ȍȍ ȕȖșț ȗȖȌ ȗȈȓțȉȖȑ ȉȣȓȈ țșȚȘȖȍȕȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȒȈȔȖȘȒȈ ȋȌȍ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȒȈȕȈ-
Țȣ ǪȚȖȓȒȕțȊ ǪȈȕȦ țșȈȚȣȑ ȚțȘȖȒ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȕȍȚ ȗȓȈ-
ȒȈȚȤ ȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȊȣȗȖȘȦȚ ȗȓȍȚȒȖȑ ǪȈȕȧ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȈȕȈȚȣ Ȑ ȘȣȌȈȕȐȧ șȎȈȓȐ ȍȔț ȋȖȘ-
ȓȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ țșȓȣȝȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȏȈȗȐȘȈȦȚ ȏȈșȖȊ ǬȖȓȋȖ ȓȐȓȐșȤ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏ șȓȍ-
ȏȣ ȝȖȚȧ Ȗȕ șȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓșȧ ȉȖȧșȤ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȊȣșȍȒțȚ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȉȍșșȐȓȍȕȕȣȑ Ȗȕ
ȏȈșȕțȓ ȗȖȌȓȖȎȐȊ ȗȖȌ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȒțȓȈȒ Ȑ ȒȖȍ-ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐșȚȘȖȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȎȍșȚȒȐȝ ȒȈ-
ȕȈȚȈȝ
XVI
ǻȓ ǰȎțȭ Ȏ ǲȔȓȘ
ǪȈȕȧ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ ȖȚ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȒȘȐȒȖȊ ǹȗȍȘȊȈ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚ-
șȧ ȗȖȏȊȈȓ ȔȈȔț ȕȖ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ țȒȘȈȓȐ Ȑ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȐȌȐȚ ȏȈȗȍȘȚȣȔ Ȋ
ȒȈȔȖȘȒȍ ȓȖȌȒȐ ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȏȈȋȘȍȔȍȓ ȏȈșȖȊ Ȑ ǪȈȕȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȋ ȜȍșȒȍ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȘȈșȒȈȟȐȊȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȜȖȕȈȘȤ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȓȖȌȒț ȗȖȌȉȘȈșȣ-
ȊȈȓȐ ȊȖȓȕȣ ǺțȘȖȒ ȊȣȊȍȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț ȏȈ ȘțȒț ǲȘțȋȖȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȖȘȍ ȌȈ ȚȍȔȕȈȧ
ȕȖȟȤ ǳȖȌȒȈ ȗȘȣȋȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȕȈȝ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȔ ǵȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȊȐȌȕȣ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȐ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȜȈȒȍȓȣ Ȉ ȖȌȐȕ ȉȘȖșȐȓ Ȋ
ȓȖȌȒț ȒȈȕȈȚ ǺțȘȖȒ Ȋ ȜȍșȒȍ ȗȖȑȔȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȓȍȚț Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗȐȓ ȓȖȌȒț Ȓ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȦ
ǷȖșȓȍ ș ȉȖȘȚȈ șȗțșȚȐȓȐ ȊȍȘȍȊȖȟȕțȦ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞț
ǺțȘȖȒ ȖȉȝȊȈȚȐȓ ǪȈȕȦ ȏȈ ȗȖȧș Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȊȏȉȐȘȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ ǲȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȕȐ Ȗȟț-
ȚȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ Ȑȝ ȖȉșȚțȗȐȓȐ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ ș ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȊȏȓȖȝȔȈȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ-
ȔȐ Ȑ șȊȐȘȍȗȣȔȐ ȓȐȞȈȔȐ Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— ǬȖȘȖȋț ǰȌȍȚ ȈȚȈȔȈȕ
ǩȣȓȖ ȧșȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȗȈȓ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ Ȓ ȗȐȘȈȚȈȔ ǴȈȚȘȖșȣ ȘȈșșȚțȗȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ Ȓ ǪȈ-

168
ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ șȈȗȖȋȈȝ ș ȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ ȖȚȊȖȘȖȚȈȔȐ Ȋ ȉȈȘȝȈȚȕȣȝ
ȠȚȈȕȈȝ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ ȗȓȈȡȍ ǹȉȖȒț ț ȕȍȋȖ ȊȐșȍȓȈ ȒȘȐȊȈȧ șȈȉȓȧ Ȉ ȏȈ ȗȖȧșȖȔ ȘȈș-
ȠȐȚȣȔ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ ȚȖȘȟȈȓ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȗȐșȚȖȓȍȚ Ȁȓȧȗț ȈȚȈȔȈȕȈ țȒȘȈȠȈȓȖ ȉȍȓȖȍ
ȗȍȘȖ șȚȘȈțșȈ Ȉ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȋȘțȌȐ ȊȐșȍȓȈ ȏȖȓȖȚȈȧ ȞȍȗȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȉȓȍșȚȍȓȈ, ȒȈȒ șȖȓȕ-
Ȟȍ, ȖȚ șȊȍȚȈ ȜȈȒȍȓȖȊ ǶȌȐȕ ȋȓȈȏ ȈȚȈȔȈȕȈ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȚ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȗȖȊȧȏȒȖȑ ȗȖȏ-
Ȏȍ ǪȈȕȧ țȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋ șȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ ȈȚȈȔȈȕț ȊȣȉȐȓȈ ȋȓȈȏ ȗțȓȧ Ȉ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȋȓȈȏ
șȊȐșȈȓȈ ȋțșȚȈȧ ȔȖȝȕȈȚȈȧ ȉȘȖȊȤ ǪȐȌ ȈȚȈȔȈȕȈ ȉȣȓ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ Ȑ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȑ Ƕȕ
ȖȉȓȖȒȖȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗțȠȒț Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈ șȚȈȓ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ǪȈȕȦ ǷȐȘȈȚȣ ȖȉșȚțȗȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ
Ȑ ȎȌȈȓȐ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȑ Ǫșȍ ȗȘȐțȔȖȓȒȓȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȣȠȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȠțȔȍȓȐ ȊȖȓ-
ȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȘȈșșȍȒȈȓ ȉȍȋțȡȐȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȌȈ ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȒȘȐȗȣȊȈȓȐ ȉȓȖȒȐ Ȋ șȕȈșȚȧȝ
Ȑ ȕȈ Șȍȧȝ
— ǲȈȒ ȏȖȊțȚ Țȍȉȧ" — ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȈȚȈȔȈȕ Ȓ ǪȈȕȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȖȧȓșȧ
ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȚȤ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ
— Ǵȍȕȧ ȏȖȊțȚ ǪȈȕȍȑ
— ǺȈȒ ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Țȣ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȕȍ ǪȈȕȧ Ȉ ǬȎȍȒ Ǻȣ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȦȕȋȖȑ ȕȈ ȔȖȍȔ
ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍ ȕȖ ȍșȓȐ Țȣ ȉțȌȍȠȤ șȚȈȘȈȚȤșȧ țȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȧ Țȍȉȧ ȗȖȊȍȠț ȊȖȚ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȑ ȔȈȟ-
Țȍ ǰ ȈȚȈȔȈȕ țȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȒțȦ ȔȈȟȚț ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȣ ȊȏȌțȊȠȐȍ-
șȧ ȖȚ ȊȍȚȘȈ ȗȈȘțșȈ
— Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ — ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȈȚȈȔȈȕ Ȓ ȖȌȕȖȔț Ȑȏ ȗȐȘȈȚȖȊ — ȌȈȑȚȍ ȍȔț ȒȘțȎ-
Ȓț ȊȖȌȣ Ȑ ȓȖȔȖȚȤ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȝȓȍȉȈ, ȗȖșȣȗȈȕȕȖȋȖ șȖȓȤȦ ǶȚȊȍȌȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȉȈȒ
ȗțșȚȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȖ ȊȣșȗȐȚșȧ Ȑ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ țȟȐȚȤșȧ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔț Ȍȍȓț
ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȗȐȘȈȚȖȊ țȎȍ Ȋȏȧȓ ǪȈȕȦ ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȖ ȕȖ ȈȚȈȔȈȕ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ
— ǭșȓȐ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ ȕȍ șȢȍșȚ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȖȘȞȐȐ Ȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȘȍȊȍȚȤ, ȒȈȒ ȌȍȊȟȖȕȒȈ ȊșȣȗȈȚȤ
ȍȔț  ȓȐȕȤȒȖȊ
ǶȚȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȈȚȈȔȈȕ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕșȒȖȔț ȔȖșȚȐȒț ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȔ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȌȊȍ ȏȈȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȗțȠȒȐ
XVII
ǺȜșȜȒȜȗ ȬțȑȎ
ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ǪȈȕȦ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȓȐ ș ȊȖșȝȖȌȖȔ șȖȓȕȞȈ ǭȔț ȌȈȓȐ ȚȘȧȗȒț
ȕȈȚȖȓȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȐȘȗȐȟȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓȐ ©ȌȘȈȐȚȤª ȚȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ Ț ȍ ȟȐ-
șȚȐȚȤ ȔȍȌȕțȦ ȖȉȠȐȊȒț ȔȈȟȚ ȓȦȒȐ ȒȈȦȚ ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȗȐȘȈȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȘț-
ȟȍȕȖ ȖȉțȟȈȚȤ ǪȈȕȦ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔț Ȍȍȓț — ȉȖȘȖȌȈȚȣȑ ș ȊȖȓȖșȈȚȣȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ — ȗȖ-
ȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ
— ȅȑ Țȣ ȋȖȘȖȠȐȕȈ ǷȘȐȕȐȔȈȑșȧ-ȒȈ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȏȈ ȗțȠȒȐ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ǪȈȕȧ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓ ȟȐșȚȐȚȤ ȉȘȖȕȏȖȊȣȍ ȌțȓȈ ȗțȠȍȒ Ȑ ȕȈȚȐȘȈȓ Ȑȝ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ
ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȉȓȐșȚȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȗȐȘȈȚ ȏȈȓȖȎȐȊ ȘțȒȐ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȣ ȗȖ-
ȝȈȎȐȊȈȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ șȈȗȖȋȈȝ Ȑ ȗȖșȔȍȐȊȈȓșȧ șȍȉȍ Ȋ șȍȌȖȑ țș
— Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈțȟȐșȤ-ȒȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȋȖȘȖȝȖȊȈȧ ȕȈȉȐȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȚȘțȉȖȟȒț ǬȈ ȗȖȚțȎȍ
șȔȖȚȘȐ

169
ǷȐȘȈȚ ȊȣȒȖȓȈȟȐȊȈȓ Ȗȉ ȒȈȉȓțȒ ȗȖȋȈșȠțȦ ȚȘțȉȒț ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȓ ȍȍ ǪȈȕȍ Ȉ Ȗȕ
ȖȚȖȉȘȈȊ ȚȈȉȈȒ Ȑȏ ȗȐȘȈȚșȒȖȋȖ ȒȐșȍȚȈ ȕȈȟȐȕȧȓ ȍȍ Ȑ ȗȖȌȈȊȈȓ șȊȖȍȔț ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒț
ǺȈȒ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȔȍșȧȞ ǲȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȈȘțșȈȝ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȗȖ ȔȖȘȦ ȓȐȠȤ Ȑȏ-
ȘȍȌȒȈ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗțȚȐ ȟȈȑȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ș ȒȘȐȒȈȔȐ ȒȘțȎȐȓȐ ț ȔȈȟȚ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ
ȖȗȧȚȤ ȐșȟȍȏȈȓȐ Ȋ șȐȕȍȔ ȕȍȉȍ ǲȘțȋȖȔ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȖȌȈ ȌȈ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȕȍȉȖșȒȓȖȕ ȗȖ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȔț șȗȍȠȐȓȐ ȖȉȓȈȒȈ
ǨȚȈȔȈȕ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȊȏȈȌ Ȑ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȖ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȦ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȓ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȗȈȘț-
șȈ ȕȈȌȖ țȉȘȈȚȤ Ȉ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȒțȘȐȓ ȚȘțȉȒț Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȧȓ ȒȖȔȗȈș ǪȈȕȧ ȏȕȈȓ,
ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȒȖȔȗȈș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȎȍ Ȋ ǩȍȓȖȑ ȉȈȠȕȍ ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȈȚȈȔȈȕ șȗȘȖ-
șȐȓ ȍȋȖ
— ȅȑ Țȣ ǬȎȍȒ-ȋȖȘȖȠȐȕȈ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ"
ǪȈȕȧ ȕȍ șȔțȚȐȓșȧ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȉȖȘ șȚȘȍȓȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ țȒȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȍȚ ȋȌȍ șȍȊȍȘ Ȑ ȋȌȍ Ȧȋ ȋȌȍ ȊȖșȚȖȒ Ȑ ȋȌȍ ȏȈȗȈȌ
ǨȚȈȔȈȕ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȥȚȐȔ ȕȍ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȐȓșȧ
— ǵț ȓȈȌȕȖ ȅȚȖ Țȣ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ǵț Ȉ ȒȈȒ ȉȍȏ ȒȖȔȗȈșȈ Țȣ ȔȖȎȍȠȤ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȋȌȍ
ȊȖșȚȖȒ Ȑ ȋȌȍ ȏȈȗȈȌ" Ǩ"
ǪȈȕȧ ȕȍ ȖȘȖȉȍȓ Ƕȕ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— ǪȖșȚȖȒ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȊșȝȖȌȐȚ Ȉ ȏȈȗȈȌ — ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȚ
— ȅȚȖ ȠȚțȒȈ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȍȊȍȓȐȒȈ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȈȚȈȔȈȕ — Ǩ șȒȈȎȐ ȋȌȍ șȍȊȍȘ Ȑ Ȧȋ"
ǵȖ ǪȈȕȧ ȉȣȓ șȣȕȖȔ ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ Ȑ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȏȕȈȓ țȎȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȓșȧ
Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— ǵȈȌȖ șȚȈȚȤ Ȓ ȊȖșȚȖȒț ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ș ȓȍȊȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȉțȌȍȚ șȍȊȍȘ ȗȖȏȈ-
ȌȐ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȏȈ șȗȐȕȖȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȏȈȗȈȌ Ȉ ȗȖ ȗȘȈȊțȦ ȘțȒț — Ȧȋ
ǨȚȈȔȈȕ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȌȖȊȖȓȍȕ ȕȖ ȍȡȍ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
— ȅȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȌȕȍȔ Ȉ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȑȚȐ șȍȊȍȘ"
ǪȈȕȧ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȓ
— ǵȈȌȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ Ȑ ȕȈȑȚȐ ǩȖȓȤȠțȦ ǴȍȌȊȍȌȐȞț ǶȚ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ Ȑȏ
ȏȊȍȏȌ ȍȍ ȕȈȌȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȊȣȠȍ ǺȈȔ ȚȖȋȌȈ țȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȚțșȒȓțȦ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȟȒț —
ȖȕȈ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ǷȖȓȧȘȕȖȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȑ — ȊȖȚ ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȍșȚȤ șȍȊȍȘ
ǹȚȘȈȠȕȍȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȏȉȐȘȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖ ȊȍȘȍȊȖȟȕȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ șȖ șȚȈȘȣȔ ȗȐȘȈȚȖȔ ȕȈ
ȊȍȘȝțȠȒț ȔȈȟȚȣ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȈ țșȚȘȖȍȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȈ ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȗȐȘȈȚ ȗȖȌȉȈȌȘȐȊȈȓ ǪȈ-
ȕȦ
— ǵț-ȒȈ ȋȖȘȖȝȖȊȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȐ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȖ ǻ Țȍȉȧ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȔȖ-
ȓȖȌȣȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȓȐ ȏȍȔȓȐ"
ǵȖ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȘȍ Ȑ ȕȍȉȖ ǷȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ǪȈȕȧ ȗȖ-
ȘȧȌȒȖȔ ȚȘțșȐȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ șȊȈȓȐȚȤșȧ ș ȊȍȘȍȊȖȟȕȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȣ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț, Ȑ ȒȘȍȗ-
ȒȖ Ȟȍȗȓȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȒȈȕȈȚȣ ǲȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ șȗțșȒȈȓșȧ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȊȕȐȏ ȚȖ ȊȏȌȣȝȈȓ ș Ȗȉ-
ȓȍȋȟȍȕȐȍȔ — ȚȈȒ ȊȣșȖȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȈ ȕȈ ȔȈȟȚȍ ǵȖ ȗȐȘȈȚȣ șȒȖȘȖ ȗȖȓȦȉȐ-
ȓȐ ȗȘȖȊȖȘȕȖȋȖ ǪȈȕȦ Ȑ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȗȘȖȏȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ — ©ǬȎȍȒȖȔ-ȋȖȘȖȠȐȕȖȑª Ǫ șȊȖȉȖȌ-
ȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȕȐ ȘȈșȗȍȊȈȓȐ ȗȍșȕȐ Ȗȉ țȌȈȓȣȝ ȗȖȌȊȐȋȈȝ Ȑ șȘȈȎȍȕȐȧȝ ȗȐȓȐ ȘȖȔ Ȑ
ȗȓȧșȈȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȈ ȗȈȓțȉȈ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȕȐ șȊȈȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȖȚ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȐ Ȑ
ȊȐȕȈ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț ȕȈ ȒȈȕȈȚȣ Ȑ ȏȈșȣȗȈȓȐ ș ȚȈȒȐȔ ȝȘȈȗȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȉțȌȚȖ Șȣ-
ȟȈȓȐ ȏȊȍȘȐ Ǫ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ǪȈȕȧ ȗȘȧȚȈȓșȧ ȏȈ ȗțȠȒț Ȑ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȧ ©ǩȍȓțȦ ȉȈ-
ȠȕȦª ȚȐȝȖȕȤȒȖ ȗȓȈȒȈȓ Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȍȋȖ țȊȐȌȈȓ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȊȐȌȍ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ Ȑȏ ȗȐȘȈȚȖȊ Ȗȕ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȉȣ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ  ȓȐȕȤȒȖȊ

170
XVIII
ȅȡȒȓȟțȎȭ ȕȓȚșȭ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ țȚȘȖȔ ǪȈȕȧ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ ȖȚ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȈȝȚȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈ ȔȈȟȚȍ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ:
— ǯȍȔȓȧ
— ǯȍȔȓȧ ȏȍȔȓȧ — ȗȖȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȗȖ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȦ
ǨȚȈȔȈȕ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȈȦȚȣ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ Ȋ ȗȖȌȏȖȘȕțȦ ȚȘțȉț Ƕȕ
ȗȖȌȖȏȊȈȓ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȊȖȓȖșȈȚȖȋȖ ȗȐȘȈȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȖȏȊȈȓ ǪȈȕȦ ©ǫȖȘȖȠȐȕȖȑª Ȑ
șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț
— ǪȖȚ ȟȚȖ ǹȍȌȖȑ ǻș ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȕȈȔ ȗȘȐșȚȈȚȤ ț ȥȚȖȋȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȝȖȚȧ ȥȚȖ ȔȍșȚȖ
Ȑ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ȚȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȒțȌȈ Ȕȣ ȗȓȣȊȍȔ ǹțȝȈȘȍȑ-ȚȖ ț ȕȈș ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȉ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȉȖȟȍȒ ȗȘȍșȕȖȑ ȊȖȌȣ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ"
— ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȊȍ
— ǪȖȚ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȈȚȈȔȈȕ — ȕȈȌȖ ȕȈȔ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȕȈȉȘȈȚȤ ȊȖȌȣ
ǬȈ Ȑ ȗȈȘțșȈ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ
ǲȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț ǭȡȍ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ ǪȈȕȧ țȊȐȌȈȓ ȊȣșȖȒȐȍ ȗȈȓȤȔȣ
Ȑ ȠȐȘȖȒțȦ ȘȍȒț ȊȗȈȌȈȊȠțȦ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ǵȖ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȈȚȈȔȈȕ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓ Ȋ ȗȖȌȏȖȘȕțȦ ȚȘțȉț ȉȍȘȍȋ Ȑ ȐșȒȈȓ Ȕȍ-
șȚȖ ȋȌȍ ȉȣ țȌȖȉȕȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤ ȧȒȖȘȤ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ
ȗȖȗȓȣȓ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȗȖ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȦ ȘȍȒȐ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ ȏȈȋȘȍȔȍȓ ȧȒȖȘȤ ȏȈȘȣȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȍșȖȒ.
ǷȐȘȈȚȣ șȚȈȓȐ țȉȐȘȈȚȤ ȗȈȘțșȈ ǪȈȕȧ Ȑ ǹȍȌȖȑ ǻș ȊȏȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȔȈȟȚț Ȑ ȘȈșșȔȈȚ-
ȘȐȊȈȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȍ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȓȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȋțșȚȖȋȖ ȓȍșȈ ȗȈȓȤȔ
ǵȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȐ ȎȐȓȐȡ ȕȐȋȌȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ǹȍȌȖȑ ǻș ȕȦȝȈȓ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȕȍ ȗȖȟțȊ-
șȚȊțȍȚ ȓȐ Ȗȕ ȖȚȒțȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȌȣȔȖȒ ȖȚ ȎȐȓȤȧ — ȕȖ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȉȓȈȋȖțȝȈȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟț-
ȌȍșȕȣȔȐ ȞȊȍȚȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȘȖșȓȐ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț Ȑ ȗȈȝȓȐ ȔȍȌȖȔ
ǹȍȌȖȑ ǻș șȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ
— ǵț ǫȖȘȖȠȐȕȈ ȒȈȚȐșȤ ȊȕȐȏ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȖȉȐȚȈȍȔȣȑ ȖșȚȘȖȊ
ǪȈȕȧ șȉȍȎȈȓ ȗȖ ȊȍȘȍȊȖȟȕȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȊȕȐȏ Ȉ ȗȐȘȈȚ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȈȚȈȔȈȕț
ȌȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȏȍȔȓȧ Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȘȐȗȓȣȓ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȕȐȒȍȔ ȕȍ ȏȈșȍȓȍȕȈ
XIX
ǯȜȚȏȎ
ǹ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȘȍȒț ȊȗȈȌȈȍȚ Șțȟȍȑ ȗȘȖȚȍȒȈȦȡȐȑ ȗȖ ȓȍșț ǴȈ-
ȚȘȖșȣ șȗțșȚȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȊȖȌț ȓȖȌȒț Ȑ ȕȈȋȘțȏȐȓȐ ȍȍ ȉȖȟȒȈȔȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȈȉȘȈȚȤ șȊȍȎȍȑ
ȊȖȌȣ ǲȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȌȗȓȣȓȐ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț Ȑ ȊȣȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȍșȖȒ Ȑȏ ȒȈȔȣȠȍȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖ-
ȗȖȓȏȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȍ ȕȈ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒțȦ ȧȡȍȘȐȞț
— ǩȍȘȍȋȐșȤ ȒȘȖȒȖȌȐȓ — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ ȗȐȘȈȚȣ Ȑ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍ-
ȋȖ ș ȚȖȗȖȘȖȔ ǵȖ ȒȘȖȒȖȌȐȓ țșȗȍȓ șȒȘȣȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȔȣȠȐ ȠțȘȠȈȓȐ Ȑ
ȘȈșȒȈȟȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȚȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȋȌȍ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȗȘȖȗȓȣȓȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ǷȐȘȈȚȣ ȗȖȌ-

171
ȒȈȚȐȓȐ ȉȖȟȒȐ Ȓ ȘțȟȤȦ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȟȍȘȗȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ȕȍȋȖ ȟȐșȚțȦ ȊȖȌț Ǫ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȚȍȗȓȖȔ
ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȖȘȈȕȎȍȘȍȍ ȗȈȝȓȖ ȔȍȌȖȔ ǪȈȕȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ șȚȊȖȓȈȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ ȟțȌȍșȕȖȑ ȒȘȈ-
șȖȚȣ ȞȊȍȚȣ șȐȘȍȕȍȊȣȍ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ Ȑ ȒȖȘȐȟȕȍȊȣȍ ș ȈȓȣȔȐ ȗȧȚȕȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖ-
ȒȈȟȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȖȚ ȓȍȋȒȖȋȖ ȊȍȚȍȘȒȈ ǹȍȌȖȑ ǻș ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ Ȑȝ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȖȘ-
ȝȐȌȍȧȔȐ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȘȖȌȐȕȍ ǪȈȕȐ ȖȕȐ ȘȈșȚțȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȚȍȗȓȐȞȈȝ ǶȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȉȈ-
ȉȖȟȒȐ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȖȑ ș ȓȈșȚȖȟȒț ȗȖȘȝȈȓȐ ȖȚ ȞȊȍȚȒȈ Ȓ ȞȊȍȚȒț ǰȝ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ ȉȣȓȐ Ȗș-
ȓȍȗȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ-ȋȖȓțȉȣȍ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ șȌȍȓȈȕȣ Ȑȏ ȥȔȈȓȐ ț ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȒȘȣȓȣ-
ȠȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȧȘȒȖ-ȓȐȔȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ ț ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȞȊȍȚȈ șȗȍȓȖȑ ȔȈȓȐ-
ȕȣ Ȑ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȉȈȘȝȈȚ ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȐ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț
ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȑȏ ȓȍșȈ ȊȣȗȖȘȝȕțȓȈ ȗȚȐȟȒȈ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȈȗȍȘșȚȒȈ ǪȈȕȐȕȖȑ ȔȈȔȣ
ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȈ ȕȈ ȘȈȌțȋț ȝȊȖșȚ ț ȕȍȍ ȉȣȓ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ Ȉ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ ȋȖȓțȉȣȍ ǪȈȕȧ
șȘȈȏț țȏȕȈȓ ȥȚț ȗȚȐȟȒț — Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȈȓ ȍȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȒȕȐȎȒȍ Ȑ ȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ
ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȒȖȓȐȉȘȐ
ǵȖ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖșȊȐșȚȍȓȖ Ȑ ȕȈ ȗȍșȖȒ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ǪȈȕȍȑ Ȑ ȗȐȘȈȚȈȔȐ ȕȈ-
ȗȖȓȕȧȊȠȐȔȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȦȦ ȉȖȟȒț ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȋȘȖȝȕțȓȈșȤ ȉȖȔȉȈ ǪȈȕȧ ȏȈȎȔțȘȐȓ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈ ȖȎȐȌȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ șȍȑȟȈș ȘȈȏȖȘȊȍȚșȧ Ȑ țȉȤȍȚ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ǵȖ ȉȖȔȉȈ ȕȍ ȘȈ-
ȏȖȘȊȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȒȖȒȖșȖȊȣȑ ȖȘȍȝ Ǫșȍ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȌȖȐșȒȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȔȖȋ Ȗȕ șȊȈȓȐȚȤșȧ
— Ǩ ȊȖȚ ȖȕȈ — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȗȐȘȈȚ ǹȍȌȖȑ ǻș țȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ ȕȈ ȊȍȚȒȐ ȗȈȓȤ-
Ȕȣ ǵȈ ȊȍȘȝțȠȒȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȘȈșȒȈȟȐȊȈȧșȤ ȖșȒȈȓȐȊ ȏțȉȣ șȐȌȍȓȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ Ȗȉȍ-
ȏȤȧȕȈ țȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȧșȤ ȚȖ ȝȊȖșȚȖȔ ȚȖ ȓȈȗȈȔȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ șȓȍȚȍȚȤ ȊȕȐȏ ȕȈ ȗȍșȖȒ ǭȌ-
ȊȈ țșȗȍȓ ǹȍȌȖȑ ǻș ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȚȐ ȥȚȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȒȈȒ ș ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ ȗȖȓȍȚȍȓȖ ȍȡȍ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȖȔȉ-ȒȖȒȖșȖȊ ǵȈ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȐȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓȖ șȍȔȤ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕ Ȉ
ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȐȌȕȈ ȍȡȍ ȞȍȓȈȧ șȚȈȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ șȗȍȠȐȓȈ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț ǺȖȋȌȈ ǹȍȌȖȑ
ǻș ȊȣȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȗȐșȚȖȓȍȚ Ȑ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȐȓ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊțȦ Ȏȍ ȔȈȘȚȣȠȒț ǶȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕț-
ȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȗȖȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȊȕȐȏ ȒțȉȈȘȍȔ ȕȖ țȞȍȗȐȓȈșȤ ȝȊȖșȚȖȔ ȏȈ ȊȍȚȒț ǹȚȈȧ Ȗȉȍ-
ȏȤȧȕ ș ȊȐȏȋȖȔ Ȑ ȊȖȍȔ șȒȘȣȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȓȍșț
— ǹȒȖȘȍȑ Ȋ ȓȖȌȒȐ — șȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ ǹȍȌȖȑ ǻș — ȅȚȖ ȋȖȘȐȓȓȣ ȖȕȐ ȖȗȈșȕȣ
ǶȕȐ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȗȍȘȍȗțȋȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȊȍȘȕțȚșȧ ǭșȓȐ ȕȈȔ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȘȈȏȖȋȕȈȚȤ Ȍȍ-
șȧȚȖȒ Ȑ ȗȖȌșȚȘȍȓȐȚȤ ȖȌȕț Ȑȏ ȓȍșȈ ȗȘȐȔȟȈȚșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ șȖȚȕȐ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȔ ȉȍ-
ȌȈǪșȍ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȓȖȌȒȐ ǩȖȟȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ țȎȍ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȣ ȊȖȌȖȑ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ Ȋșȍ șȕȖȊȈ ȊȏȖȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ
XX
ǰȎțȭ ȑȎȟȖȠ ȢȎȘȓșȩ
ǲȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ ȈȚȈȔȈȕ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȌȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ țȚ-
ȘȖȔ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȐ ȟȐȕȐȚȤ ȗȈȘțșȈ ȒȘȈșȐȚȤ ȓȖȌȒȐ Ȑ ȏȈȌȍȓȣȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȖȉȖȐȕț
Ȋ ȊȍȘȝȕȍȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȗȘȈȊȖȋȖ ȉȖȘȚȈ ȕȈșȒȖȘȖ ȏȈȒȖȓȖȟȍȕȕțȦ ȌȖșȒȈȔȐ ȗȖșȓȍ șȘȈȎȍ-
ȕȐȧ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ǪȈȕȍ ǹȍȌȖȑ ǻș ǵȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȥȚȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ ȈȚȈȔȈȕ ȗȖȏ-
ȊȖȓȐȓ Ȋșȍȑ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȍ ȗȖȊȍșȍȓȐȚȤșȧ

172
ǲȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȏȈȠȓȖ ȏȈ ȓȍș Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȎȈȘȒȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȗȖȊȍȧȓȖ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȖȑ
ȗȐȘȈȚȣ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț Ȑȏ ȚȘȦȔȈ ȌȊȍ ȉȖȟȒȐ ș ȊȐȕȖȔ Ȑ ȚȘȐ ș ȗȐȊȖȔ ǬȣȔ
ȗȖȊȈȓȐȓ Ȑȏ ȒȈȔȉțȏȈ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȔȖȘȧȒȐ ȒțȝȕȦ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȖșȤ ȗȐȘȠȍșȚ-
ȊȖ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȐȘȈȚȣ ȊȣȉȐȓȐ Ȑȏ ȉȖȟȍȒ ȌȕȐȡȈ Ȑ șȚȈȓȐ țȋȖȡȈȚȤșȧ ȊȐȕȖȔ
ǻȗȓȍȚȈȧ șȊȍȎȐȑ ȝȓȍȉ Ȑ șȖȓȍȕțȦ ȉȈȘȈȕȐȕț ȖȕȐ ȟȖȒȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ ©țȘȈª
ǪȐȕȖ șȒȖȘȖ șȚȈȓȖ ȒȘțȎȐȚȤ ȐȔ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ǶȕȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȝȊȈșȚȈȚȤșȧ ȌȘțȋ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȔ șȐȓȖȑ țȌȈȓȤȦ Ȑ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧȔȐ ǶȒȖȓȖ ȗȖȓțȕȖȟȐ ȈȚȈ-
ȔȈȕ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȏȈȘȧȌȐȚȤ ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȗțȠȍȒ Ȑ ȌȈȚȤ ȏȈȓȗ ȗȖ ȕȍȖȉȐȚȈȍȔȖȔț ȖșȚȘȖ-
Ȋț ǹȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȏȈȓȗ ȋȘȧȕțȓ ȒȈȒ ȋȘȖȔ ȊȍșȤ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȖȒțȚȈȓșȧ ȌȣȔȖȔ Ȑ ǪȈȕȧ ȗȖ-
ȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȖȋȓȖȝȕȍȚ ǷȖșȓȍ ȗȐȘȈȚȣ țșȚȘȖȐȓȐ ȉȖȘȤȉț ȔȍȎȌț șȖȉȖȑ ȕȈ ȗȈȓț-
ȉȍ Ȉ ȈȚȈȔȈȕ șȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȗțșȚȖȑ ȉȖȟȒȍ ȒțȘȐȓ ȚȘțȉȒț Ȑ ȗȖȌȏȈȌȖȘȐȊȈȓ șȖȗȍȘȕȐȒȖȊ
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓȈșȤ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ ȕȈȟȈȓȐșȤ ȚȈȕȞȣ ǪȔȍșȚȖ ȖȘȒȍșȚȘȈ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȗȐȘȈ-
ȚȖȊ ȉȐȓȐ Ȋ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȣ Ȑ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȔȍȌȕȣȝ ȚȘțȉȈȝ ǪȍșȍȓȤȍ Ȋșȍ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȓȖșȤ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȈȚȈȔȈȕ Ȋȍȓȍȓ ȊȣȒȈȚȐȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȚȘȐ ȉȖȟȒȐ ȗȐȊȈ
ǰȏ ȒȈȔȉțȏȈ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȐ șȖȓȖȕȐȕȣ Ȑ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȗȘȖȊȐȏȐȐ ǯȈȎȋȓȐ ȜȈȒȍȓȣ
Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȠȓȖ ȊȍșȍȓȤȍ ǹȒȖȘȖ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȤȧȕȣ Ȑ ȒȖȍ-ȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȗȐȘȈȚȖȊ țȎȍ ȝȘȈ-
ȗȍȓ ȗȖȌ ȔȈȟȚȈȔȐ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȉȖȘȚȈ Ȉ ȖȌȐȕ țȔțȌȘȐȓșȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȓȍȏȚȤ Ȋ ȗțșȚțȦ ȉȖȟȒț
Ȑ ȚȈȔ ȏȈșȕțȚȤ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ ȌȈȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȏȈȓȗ ȗȖ ȖșȚȘȖȊț ȕȖ șȒȖȘȖ
Ȋșȍ țȔȖȓȒȓȖ ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȗȐȘȈȚȣ șȊȈȓȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț Ȑ ȏȈșȕțȓȐ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔ șȕȖȔ,
ȒȘȐȟȈ șȗȘȖșȖȕȤȧ Ȑ ȝȊȈȚȈȧșȤ ȏȈ ȒȐȕȎȈȓȣ Ȑ ȗȐșȚȖȓȍȚȣ ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȊȏȖȠȓȈ ȓțȕȈ Ȑ
ȖșȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ǭȋȖ ȗȈȓțȉȈ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȉȐȚȊȣ ǴȍȎȌț ȗțș-
ȚȣȔȐ ȉȖȟȒȈȔȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ țȉȐȚȣȍ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȗȤȧȕȣȍ ȗȐȘȈȚȣ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ Ȑȝ ȝȘȈȗ
ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȗȖȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȖȕȐ țȔȍȘȓȐ ǪȈȕȧ (Ȉ Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȗȐȘȈȚȣ ȏȈȉȣȓȐ
ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȗȖȑȒȐ) ȗȖȚȐȝȖȕȤȒț Ȋȣȓȍȏ Ȑȏ- ȗȖȌ șȓȖȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȈȘțșȈ ȕȈ ȕȖșț ȒȖ-
ȘȈȉȓȧ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȖȋȖ ȍȡȍ ȉȈȒȖȔ Ȑ ȗȘȖȉȘȈȊȠȐșȤ ȔȍȎȌț șȗȧȡȐȔȐ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ
Ȋ ȒțȉȘȐȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȏȖȊȍȚșȧ ȒȈȦȚȖȑ Ƕȕ ȗȖȋȈșȐȓ ȌȖȋȖȘȈȊȠȐȍ ȜȈȒȍȓȣ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȗȖȎȈȘȈ Ȑ ȓȍȋ șȗȈȚȤ Ǫșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȐȝȖ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ǸȍȒȈ șȚȘțȐȓȈșȤ
Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȓțȕȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ ȖȏȈȘȧȓ ȗȈȓȤȔȖȊȣȑ ȓȍș ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ Ȋ ȕȍȔ
ȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȕȖȟȕȈȧ ȗȚȐȞȈ ǷȐȘȈȚȣ ȝȘȈȗȍȓȐ Ȑ șȗȈȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȍș-
ȓȐ ȉȣ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȗȈȓȐȚȤ Ȑȏ ȗțȠȍȒ ȖȕȐ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȗȘȖșȕțȓȐșȤ ȉȣ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ǪȈȕȧ țȒȘȣȓșȧ ȗȓȈȡȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȍȔț ȗȖȌȈȘȐȓ ǹȍȌȖȑ ǻș șȓțȎȐȊ-
ȠȐȔ ȍȔț ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȖȌȍȧȓȈ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ ȚȖȎȍ ȏȈșȕțȓ
ǲȖȘȈȉȓȤ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȧ ȊȖȌȣ Ȋ ȘȍȒȍ Ȑ ȟțȚȤ șȓȣȠȕȖ șȒȘȐ-
ȗȍȓȈ ȧȒȖȘȕȈȧ ȞȍȗȤ ǪȈȕȍ șȕȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ©ǩȈȉțȠȒȈª ȗȖșȒȘȐȗȣȊȈȍȚ șȊȖȐȔ ȔȖ-
ȋțȟȐȔ șȚȊȖȓȖȔ Ȉ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȉȍȎȐȚ Ȑ șȚȘțȐȚșȧ ȘțȟȍȍȒ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ Ȗȕ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȗțș-
ȒȈȓ ȉțȔȈȎȕȣȍ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐȒȐ
XXI
©ǽȜșȡțȒȞȎª
ǵȈ ȓțȕț ȕȈȉȍȎȈȓȖ ȖȉȓȈȒȖ Ȑ ȚȍȕȤ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȈ ȗȈȓȤȔȖȊȣȑ ȓȍș ȘȍȒț Ȑ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ
ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȖȚ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖȗȖȓȏȓȖ ȗȖ ȗȍșȒț Ȓ ȊȖȌȍ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȦ ȘȍȒȐ

173
ȉȍȏȏȊțȟȕȖ ȏȈșȒȖȓȤȏȐȓȐ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȗȖȓȖșȣ ǵȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȓțȕȈ șȕȖȊȈ ȊȣȕȣȘ-
ȕțȓȈ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ Țțȟ Ȑ ȖșȊȍȚȐȓȈ Ȋșȍ ǩȍȘȍȋ Ȑ ȘȍȒȈ ȖȎȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȗȍșȒț șȗȍȠȐȓȐ Ȑȏ ȓȍșȈ
Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȚȖȓȗȣ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ ș ȒȖȗȤȧȔȐ ȡȐȚȈȔȐ Ȑ șȚȘȍȓȈȔȐ Ȉ ȗȖ ȘȍȒȍ ȗȓȣȓȐ Ȓ ȒȖ-
ȘȈȉȓȦ ȟȍȓȕȖȒȐ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȘȧȚȈȓȐșȤ ȟȍȘȕȖȒȖȎȐȍ ǵȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȠțȔȈ
ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȓȣȠȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȌȒȘȈȌȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȖȕȐ Ȓ țșȕțȊȠȐȔ ȗȐȘȈȚȈȔ
ǲȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǹȍȌȖȑ ǻș ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ ȖȚ ȕȍșȚȍȘȗȐȔȖȑ ȎȈȎȌȣ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ
Ȓ ȉȖȟȒȍ ș ȊȖȌȖȑ ǷȖșȓȍ ȊȣȗȐȚȖȋȖ ȊȐȕȈ Ȑ șȖȓȖȕȐȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȗȕ ȕȈȍȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ
ȥȚȐȔ ȊȌȖȊȖȓȤ ȍȔț ȗȘȐȠȓȈ ȌȈȎȍ ȔȣșȓȤ ȊȣȒțȗȈȚȤșȧ Ƕȕ țȎȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȘȈȏȌȍȚȤșȧ
ȒȈȒ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ Ȋ țȎȈșȍ ȟȚȖ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ șȖȚȕȐ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ ȗȖȌȗȓȣȊȈȦȚ Ȓ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȦ
Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȚȍȘ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȖȌțȔȈȊ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȍȔț ȟțȌȐȚșȧ șȖ șȕȈ ȗȖșȓȍ Ȋȣ-
ȗȐȚȖȑ ȊȖȌȒȐ ǵȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȖȠȐȉșȧ ȕȍȋȘȣ țȎȍ ȒȈȘȈȉȒȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚ țȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȧ Ȋ
ȗȖȉȓȍșȒȐȊȈȊȠȐȝ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȏțȉȈȝ ȧȚȈȋȈȕȣ Ȑ șȚȘȍȓȣ ǺȖȋȌȈ ǹȍȌȖȑ ǻș ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȟȚȖ
ȉȣȓȖ șȐȓȣ ȚȖ șȓȖȊȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȕȈ ȧȏȣȒȍ ȔȖȘȧȒȖȊ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȍȚ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ
— ǷȖȓțȕȌȘȈ Ǫșȍ Ȓ ȖȘțȎȐȦ ǿȍȘȕȖȒȖȎȐȍ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍ
ǷȖșȓȍ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȓ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ Ȏȍ ȗțȠȒȍ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓ ǲȈȒ ȋȘȖȔ ȗȘȖȋȘȍ-
ȔȍȓȖ ȖȘțȌȐȍ Ȑ ȧȌȘȖ ȊȘȍȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȚȖȓȗț ȕȍȋȘȖȊ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ǷȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ șȚȘȈȠ-
ȕȣȑ ȊȖȑ ȒȘȐȒȐ Ȑ ȚțȟȈ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ șȚȘȍȓ ȗȖșȣȗȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ǵȈȗȖȓȖȊȐ-
ȕț ȍȡȍ ȗȤȧȕȣȍ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ȝȊȈ-
ȚȈȧ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ Ȑ ȘțȋȈȧșȤ ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ș ȗȐșȚȖȓȍȚȖȔ Ȑ ȒȐȕȎȈȓȖȔ ȊȣșȒȖ-
ȟȐȓ ȈȚȈȔȈȕ ȒȘȐȟȈ Ȑ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȈȧșȤ ǯȈȚȘȍȡȈȓȐ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȣ ȘțȎȍȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ-
ȋȘȖȊ șȊȈȓȐȓȐșȤ ȏȈȔȍȘȚȊȖ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȒȈȒ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȣ ȒȈȘȈȉȒȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȒȖ-
ȘȈȉȓȤ ȗȘȣȋȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț Ȑ ș ȌȐȒȐȔ ȊȖȍȔ ȚȍșȕȐȓȐ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ Ȓ ȒȖȘȔȍ Ǩ ȗȖ Șȍ-
Ȓȍ ȗȓȣȓȐ șȖȚȕȐ ȟȍȓȕȖȒȖȊ Ȑ șȚȘȍȓȣ ȌȐȒȈȘȍȑ ȖșȣȗȈȓȐ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȏȈȡȐȡȈȊ-
ȠȐȝșȧ ȗȐȘȈȚȖȊ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȣ ȊȈȓȧȓȐșȤ țȎȍ țȉȐȚȣȔȐ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȕȍ
ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȊȈȧ ȗȈȓȐȓȐ Ȑȏ ȗȐșȚȖȓȍȚȖȊ ǨȚȈȔȈȕ ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȗțȠȒȍ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘțȦ ȗȐȘȈȚȈȔ ȍȡȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȖȚșȚȖȧȚȤ ǬȣȔ ȖȚ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȊ șȒȘȣȓ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț Ȋșȍ
ȕȖ ȓțȕȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȖșȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȉȖȑ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȐȘȈȚȣ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ șȚȘȈȠȕțȦ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț ǶȌ-
ȕȖȋȓȈȏȣȑ ȈȚȈȔȈȕ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȖ ȖȚȉȐȊȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ ȕȈȗȈȌȈȊȠȐȝ ȕȈ ȕȍ-
ȋȖ Ȑ ȘțȉȐȓ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȖ Ȑ ȕȈȓȍȊȖ ȖșȚȘȣȔ șȊȍȘȒȈȊȠȐȔ ȕȈ ȓțȕȍ ȚȖȗȖȘȖȔ ǹȍȌȖȑ ǻș
Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒț ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖ
ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ țȌȈȘȖȔ ȒȖȗȤȧ ȗȘȖȕȏȐȓ ȋȖȘȓȖ ȈȚȈȔȈȕț Ȑ ȚȖȚ
țȗȈȓ ȖȉȓȐȊȈȧșȤ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ț ȔȈȟȚȣ ǺȖȋȌȈ ǹȍȌȖȑ ǻș ȊȐȌȧ ȟȚȖ ȊȍșȤ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ Ȑ ȉȍ-
Șȍȋ Ȑ ȘȍȒȈ ȒȐȠȈȚ ȕȍȋȘȈȔȐ ȘȍȠȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȖșȚȈȊȠȐȔșȧ Ȋ
ȎȐȊȣȝ șȒȖȘȍȍ șȍșȚȤ Ȋ ȓȖȌȒț Ȉ șȈȔ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȘȖȝȖȊȖȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȏȈȎȍȋ ȚȈȔ
ȜȐȚȐȓȤ țșȗȍȊ ȗȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȑ șȗȘȣȋȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȠȓȦȗȒț ǴȈȚȘȖșȣ
ȖȚșȚȘȍȓȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȑȏ ȗȐșȚȖȓȍȚȖȊ șȚȈȓȐ ȋȘȍșȚȐ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ȔȖȘȦ ǪȌȘțȋ șȚȘȈ-
Ƞȕȣȑ ȋȘȖȝȖȚ ȗȖȚȘȧș ȊȖȏȌțȝ ǹȚȖȓȉ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȐ Ȑ ȌȣȔȈ ȊȣȘȊȈȓșȧ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȗȈȓțȉȣ
ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ ǵȈȊȍȘȝ ȊȏȓȍȚȍȓȐ ȔȈȟȚȣ ȗȣȓȈȦȡȐȍ ȗȈȘțșȈ ȌȖșȒȐ ȕȍȋȘȣ ȉȖȟȒȐ ǵȈ
ȊȏȖȘȊȈȕȕȖȔ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍ ȕȈȟȈȓșȧ ȗȖȎȈȘ Ȗȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȚȖȕțȚȤ ǵȍȋȘȣ ȕȈ ȟȍȓȕȖȒȈȝ șȗȍ-
ȠȐȓȐ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț Ȉ ǹȍȌȖȑ ǻș Ȑ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ ȐȏȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȐȓ ȋȘȍȉȓȐ șȗȈ-
șȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȒțȌȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȒȖȎȐȍ șȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȓȍȋȒȐȔȐ ȟȍȓȕȖȒȈȔȐ ȗțșȒȈȚȤșȧ ȕȍ Șȍ-
ȠȈȓȐșȤ ǿȚȖ ȎȌȈȓȖ ȗȐȘȈȚȖȊ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ" ǪȍȌȤ ȕȐ ȊȖȌȣ ȕȐ șțȝȈȘȍȑ ȕȈ ȠȓȦȗȒȍ ȕȍ
ȉȣȓȖ
ǹȍȌȖȑ ǻș șȚȈȓ ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ șȗȈșȠȐȝșȧ ǰȝ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ Ȉ Ȓ ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ
ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈȕȍȕȣȍ ǬȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȗȧȚȤ ȗȐȘȈȚȖȊ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȐ ȖȚ șȚȘȍȓ Ȑ ȌȘȖȚȐȒȖȊ ȟȍȘȕȖȒȖ-

174
ȎȐȝ Ȋ ȉȖȦ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍșȧȚȐ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ǹȍȌȖȑ ǻș țșȚȘȖȐȓ ȗȍȘȍȒȓȐȟȒț
— Ǩ ȋȌȍ Ȏȍ ǫȖȘȖȠȐȕȈ" — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȊȌȘțȋ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȗȐȘȈȚ ǴȈȚȘȖșȣ ȔȖȓȟȈ-
ȓȐ Ȍȓȧ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȈȓȖ ȧșȕȖ ȟȚȖ ǪȈȕȧ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȏȈȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȐ șȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ ȗȖȋȐȉ ȊȖ
ȊȘȍȔȧ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ ȊȏȘȣȊȈ
XXII
ǿȝȎȟȎȠȓșȪțȎȭ ȏȜȥȘȎ
ǵȖ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ǪȈȕȧ țȞȍȓȍȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟțȌȖȔ ǪȖȚ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ǲȖȋȌȈ ȋȘȧ-
ȕțȓȈ ȗțȠȒȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȊȠȈȧ ȚȘȍȊȖȋț ȕȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍ Ȗȕ Ȋȣȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȑȏ ȒțȉȘȐȒȈ Ȑ țȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȋȘȣ ȕȈȗȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ ǶȚ țȎȈșȈ ǪȈȕȧ șȗȍȘȊȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȖȠȍȊȍȓȤ-
ȕțȚȤșȧ Ƕȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȗțȠȒȍ ȈȚȈȔȈȕ ȒȈȒ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ ȖȚ ȒȖȗȐȑ Ȑ șȚȘȍȓ
ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ ȒȈȒ ȋȐȉȓȐ ȟȍȘȕȖȒȖȎȐȍ ȗȖȌ țȌȈȘȈȔȐ ȒȐȕȎȈȓȖȊ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȒȖȘȟȐȓȐșȤ
ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȍȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȔȍȚȒȐȔȐ ȗȐșȚȖȓȍȚȈȔȐ ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȈȚȈȔȈȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț
ȗȘȖȕȏȐȓ ȋȖȘȓȖ ȒȖȗȤȍȔ ȕȍȋȘ-ȊȍȓȐȒȈȕ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȒ țȎȈșȕȈ ȟȚȖ ǪȈȕȧ ȌȘȖȎȈ ȖȚ șȚȘȈ-
ȝȈ ȏȈȉȐȓșȧ Ȋ țȋȖȓ ȒțȉȘȐȒȈ ǯȌȍșȤ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȗțșȚȈȧ ȉȖȟȒȈ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ șȖȓȖȕȐȕȣ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘțȦ șȢȍȓȐ ȗȐȘȈȚȣ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȐȘțȠȒȐ ǪȈȕȧ ȊȗȘȣȋȕțȓ Ȋ ȕȍȍ Ȑ ȏȈȎȔțȘȐȊ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈ țșȍȓșȧ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȚȖȟȒȈȝ ǲȘȐȒȐ șȚȖȕȣ Ȑ șȚȘȍȓȤȉț ȏȈȋȓțȠȐȓ ȊȌȘțȋ ȚȈȒȖȑ
ȊȏȘȣȊ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȚȣșȧȟȈ ȗțȠȍȒ ȊȣȗȈȓȐȓȈ șȘȈȏț ȅȚȖ ǹȍȌȖȑ ǻș ȊȏȖȘȊȈȓ ȗȖȘȖ-
ȝȖȊȖȑ ȗȖȋȘȍȉ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍ Ǫșȍ ȏȈȠȈȚȈȓȖșȤ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ș ȋȘȖȝȖȚȖȔ ȚȘȍșȕțȓȈ ȗȈȓțȉȈ
Ȉ ȉȖȟȒȈ ȊȏȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ǪȈȕȧ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȉȣȓ ȖȋȓțȠȍȕ țșȗȍȓ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȒȈȒ Ȋ
ȗȓȈȔȍȕȐ Ȑ ȌȣȔȍ ȒȘțȋȖȔ Ȋșȍ ȘțȠȐȓȖșȤ șȓȖȔȈȕȕȣȍ ȔȈȟȚȣ ȌȖșȒȐ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȣȍ
ȓȖȌȒȐ ǪȈȕȧ țȞȍȗȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȒȘȈȧ ȉȖȟȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȊȏȓȍȚȍȊ ȕȈȌ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȔ ȘțȝȕțȓȈ
Ȋ ȊȖȌț ǶȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ țȌȈȘȈ Ȗȕ ȓȐȠȐȓșȧ ȟțȊșȚȊ Ȉ ȉȖȟȒȈ ȗȖȗȓȣȓȈ ȗȖ ȘȍȒȍ ȗȖȒȈȟȐ-
ȊȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȗȕ ȏȈȗȘȧȚȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȓȦȓȤȒț
XXIII
ǰ ȒȞȓȚȡȥȓȚ șȓȟȡ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȓȣȓ ǪȈȕȧ Ȋ ȉȖȟȒȍ ǯȈ ȕȍȑ ȗȖȋȕȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȟȍȓȕȖȒȈȝ ȕȍȋȘȣ Ȑ
ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȚțȌȈ ǲȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȊȣȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȕȍȋȘȣ ȗȖȊȍȓȐ ǪȈȕȦ Ȋ
ȌȘȍȔțȟȐȑ ȓȍș ǳțȕȈ țȎȍ ȗȖȋȈșȓȈ ȕȍȉȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ șȊȍȚȓȍȚȤ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȖșȤ șȖȓȕ-
Ȟȍ ǯȍȓȍȕȣȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȗȖȗțȋȈȐ ȗȍȘȍȓȍȚȈȓȐ ș ȊȍȚȒȐ ȕȈ ȊȍȚȒț ǸȧȌȖȔ ș ȗȈȓȤȔȈ-
ȔȐ ȘȖșȓȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ǪȈȕȍ ȊȣȠȍ ǩȍȓȖȑ ȉȈȠȕȐ ǷȖȌ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ
ȕȐȝ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȔ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȔȐ ȓȐșȚȤȧȔȐ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ȗȖȔȍșȚȐȓȈșȤ ȞȍȓȈȧ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȟȍȘȕȖ-
ȒȖȎȐȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ ȌȘțȋ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ǪȈȕȦ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ
Ȑ ȗȖȚȘȧșȈȚȤ ȒȖȗȤȧȔȐ Ȑ ȡȐȚȈȔȐ
ǪȈȕȧ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȋȘȣ ȍȋȖ șȍȑȟȈș țȉȤȦȚ ǹȚȈȘȠȐȑ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȉȣȓ șȖȊșȍȔ ȋȖ-
ȓȣȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȉȍȌȍȘ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȧș Ȑȏ ȓȐșȚȤȍȊ ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐȗȓȦșȕț-

175
Țȣȑ ȕȖș Ȉ Ȋ ȕȖȏȌȘȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȖȌȍȚȖ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ ǵȍȋȘ ȋȘȖȏȐȓ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȌȐȒȈȘȧȔ
ȒțȓȈȒȖȔ șȒȈȓȐȓ șȊȖȐ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȏțȉȣ Ȑ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȏȈșȚțȗȈȧșȤ ȏȈ ǪȈȕȦ
— ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ ǳȈȑ ȊȈ
ǪȈȕȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȍȋȘȣ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȊ șȗȖȘȐȚȤ ȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ Ȋ
ȗțȚȤ ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȗȘȖȌȐȘȈȧșȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȋțșȚȣȍ ȏȈȘȖșȓȐ ȠȓȐ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȟȍȘȕȖȒȖȎȐȝ ǰȏȖ
Ȋșȍȝ șȐȓ ȖȕȐ ȉȐȓȐ Ȋ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȣ Ȑȏ ȒȖȎȐ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȍ ȕȈ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȣ ǪșȓȍȌ ȏȈ
ȕȐȔȐ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȐșȤ ȍȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȡȍȒȐ ȚȘțȉȐȓȐ Ȋ ȌȓȐȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȌțȌȒȐ ǳȍș șȚȈȓ ȘȍȎȍ Ȑ ȕȍȋȘȣ ș ǪȈȕȍȑ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȓțȎȈȑȒț ȋȌȍ ȚȘȈȊȈ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ ȊȣȠȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȖȓȖȊ ǬȐȒȈȧ ȔțȏȣȒȈ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȡȐȒȖȊ Ȑ Ȝȓȍȑ-
ȚȐșȚȖȊ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈșȤ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȟȈș ǪȈȕȧ țȎȍ ȍȌȊȈ Ƞȍȓ ȖȚ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ-
ȒȖȕȍȞ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȊȠȍȍ ȕȈ ȌȖȔȐȒȐ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȞȍȓȈȧ ȌȍȘȍȊ-
ȕȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȠȈȓȈȠȍȑ șȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑȏ ȉȈȔȉțȒȖȊȣȝ șȚȊȖȓȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȝ ȒȈȔȣ-
ȠȖȔ ǵȈ țȏȍȕȤȒțȦ ȗȣȓȤȕțȦ țȓȖȟȒț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȔȍȎȌț ȥȚȐȔȐ ȌȖȔȈȔȐ,
ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȕȍȋȘȣ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȋȖȓȣȍ Ȉ Ȑȏ ȝȐȎȐȕ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȐȏȒȐȍ ȌȊȍ-
ȘȐ șȚȈȓȐ ȊȣȗȖȓȏȈȚȤ ȕȈȘțȎț ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ Ȑ șȚȈȘȐȒȐ ǪșȍȔ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȚȤ ȕȈ
ǪȈȕȦ ǿȍȘȕȖȒȖȎȐȔ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȍȌȒȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȉȍȓȣȝ ǴȈȓȤȟȐȠȒȐ ȊȐȏ-
ȎȈȓȐ Ȑ ȗȘȣȋȈȓȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ ǪȈȕȦ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȗȘȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț
ȗȖȉȓȐȎȍ ȕȖ ȕȍȋȘȣ ȖȚȋȖȕȧȓȐ Ȑȝ ȒȖȗȤȧȔȐ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤ
ǯȌȍșȤ șȚȖȧȓ ȌȖȔ ȗȘȍȌȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ǪȈȕȧ țȏȕȈȓ ȗȘȖȎȐȊ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ ǵȈ ȟȈșȚȖȒȖȓȍ Ȑȏ ȉȈȔȉțȒȖȊȣȝ șȚȊȖȓȖȊ ȚȖȘȟȈȓȐ ȖȚȘȍȏȈȕȕȣȍ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊȣ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ ȗȘȍȌȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȧ Ȉ ȊȖȘȖȚȈ ȉȣȓȐ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȣ ȠȒțȘȈȔȐ țȉȐȚȣȝ ȓȤȊȖȊ Ȑ
ȓȍȖȗȈȘȌȖȊ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȖȘ ȊȍȓȈ ȌȖȘȖȎȒȈ Ȓ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ ȝȐȎȐȕȍ ț ȍȍ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ șȚȖȧȓȐ
ȌȊȈ ȕȍȋȘȈ ș ȊȣșȖȒȐȔȐ ȗȐȒȈȔȐ țȊȍȠȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ ȓȍȕȚȈȔȐ ǻ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ Ȑȏ
ȕȐȝ Ȋ ȓȍȊȖȑ ȘțȒȍ ȉȣȓ ȡȐȚ Ȑȏ ȚȖȓșȚȖȑ ȒȖȎȐ ǶȚȘȧȌ ȗȖȑȔȈȊȠȐȑ ǪȈȕȦ ȗȖȌȖ-
Ƞȍȓ Ȓ ȝȐȎȐȕȍ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȋșȍ ȕȍȋȘȣ țȗȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ǪȈȕȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȕȍȋȘ șȚȖȧȊȠȐȑ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȕȐȔ șȚȖȓȒȕțȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ǫșȍ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț
ȏȈȔȖȓȒȓȐ Ȉ ȗȖșȓȍ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȋȖȓȖș ȏȈȊȣȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ț ǪȈȕȐ ȌțȠȈ țȠȓȈ Ȋ ȗȧȚȒȐ
ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȧ Ȗȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȣȠȈȓ
— ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ-Ȉȑ-Ȉȑ Ȉȑ-Ȉȑ
XXIV
©ȀȡȞ-ȚȡȞ ǮȏȖȏȡșȎª
ǵȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȝțȌȖȑ ȕȍȋȘ ǫȖȓȖȊȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȉȔȖȚȈȕȈ ȉȍ-
ȓȖȑ ȟȈȓȔȖȑ Ȉ Ȋ ȕȖșț Ȑ Ȋ țȠȈȝ ȊȐșȍȓȐ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȒȖȓȤȞȈ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ ȟȍȘ-
ȕȖȒȖȎȐȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȈȗȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȤ ȗȐȘȈȚȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖȑȔȈȓȐ Ȋ ȗȓȍȕ ǪȈȕȦ Ƕȉ ȥȚȖȔ
Ȗȕ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȓșȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓ ȗȖ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȐ Ȓ ȊȣșȖȒȖȔț
ȕȍȋȘț ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȍȔț ȘțȒț Ȑ ȕȐȏȒȖ ȒȓȈȕȧȧșȤ ȊȣȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȓ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȐȔȧ — ©ǨȉȐ-
ȉțȓȈª ǷȖȌȚȖȓȒȕțȓȐ Ȑ ȍȋȖ șȏȈȌȐ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȘȖȉȍȧ ǪȈȕȧ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ țȒȈȏȈȓ
ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ șȍȉȍ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȤ ȊȣȒȈȚȐȓ șȊȖȐ ȋȓȈȏȐȡȈ ȖșȒȈȓȐȓ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȏțȉȣ Ȑ ȒȘȐȒ-
ȕțȓ
— ǺțȘ-ȔțȘ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ

177
ǿȚȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȈȚȤ ©ȇ — ȒȖȘȖȓȤ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈª ǪȈȕȧ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓ ȖȚ
șȚȘȈȝȈ ǲȖȘȖȓȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȖȌȕȖȔț Ȑȏ ȌȐȒȈȘȍȑ Ȑ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȟȍȘȕȖȒȖȎȐȑ
ȗȘȐȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȞȐȕȖȊȒț ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ Ȋȏȧȓ ǪȈȕȦ ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȖ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȓ ȍȋȖ ȊȕțȚȘȤ
ȉȈȔȉțȒȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȣȓ ȌȊȖȘȞȖȔ ȗȘȍȌȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȧ ȟȍȘȕȖȒȖȎȐȝ ǶȉȈ ȖȕȐ
ȊȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȋȌȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȈ ȕȐ ȒȘȣȠȐ ǪȐȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȍȏȖȉȓȈȟ-
ȕȖȍ ȕȍȉȖ Ȉ ȗȖ ȉȖȒȈȔ ȉȣȓȐ țșȚȘȖȍȕȣ ȕȈȊȍșȣ ȖȚ șȖȓȕȞȈ Ȑ ȌȖȎȌȧ ǵȈ ȗȖȓț ȓȍ-
ȎȈȓȐ ȠȒțȘȣ țȉȐȚȣȝ ȈȕȚȐȓȖȗ Ȉ șȚȖȓȉȣ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȊȠȐȍ ȕȈȊȍș ȉȣȓȐ ȖȉȚȧ-
ȕțȚȣ ȒȖȎȈȔȐ ȏȔȍȑ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ țȌȈȘȐȓ Ȋ ȓȈȌȖȠȐ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ
ȧȏȣȒȍ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ǪȈȕȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ ǷȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȟȍȘȕȖȒȖ-
ȎȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕțȦ ȔȐșȒț Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ
ȔȖȓȖȒȖ Ȑȏ ȒȖȒȖșȖȊȣȝ ȖȘȍȝȖȊ ǷȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ǪȈȕȍ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȍȋȖ ȊȣȗȐȚȤ ȖȕȈ
ȍȡȍ șțȕțȓȈ ȍȔț Ȋ ȘțȒț ȓȖȔȖȚȤ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȝȓȍȉȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȒȈȒ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖȏȎȍ țȏ-
ȕȈȓ ȕȍȋȘȣ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȧȓȐ Ȑȏ ȗȓȖȌȖȊ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȗȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ ȉȈȖȉȈȉ ǪȈȕȧ țȎȍ ȔȕȖȋȖ
ȟȈșȖȊ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȍȓ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȐȓ ǲȈȒ ȕȐ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋșȍ șȓț-
ȟȐȊȠȍȍșȧ ș ȕȐȔ ȏȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȗȕ ș țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ ȊȣȗȐȓ ȔȖȓȖȒȖ Ȑ șȢȍȓ
ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣȑ ȝȓȍȉ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ ȘȈșȝȈȎȐȊȈȓ ȗȖ ȝȐȎȐȕȍ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓ ȕȈ ǪȈȕȦ Ȑ
ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ǿȍȘȕȖȒȖȎȈȧ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȉȘȖșȈȓȈșȤ Ȑȝ ȐșȗȖȓ-
ȕȧȚȤ ǶȕȈ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȈ ȍȡȍ ȌȊȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ ȌțȠȐșȚȣȝ ȉȈȕȈȕȈ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȈ Ȑȝ ȗȍȘȍȌ
ǪȈȕȍȑ ȗȖșȓȍ țșȚȘȖȐȓȈ ȔȍȓȍȕȤȒȖȔț ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒț ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ Ȋ țȋȓț ȗȖȓȖȎȐȊ ȕȈ ȉȈȔ-
ȉțȒȖȊȣȝ ȎȍȘȌȧȝ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȠȒțȘ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ ȗȖȌȊȍȓ ǪȈȕȦ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȒȖȑȒȍ Ȑ
ȗȖȒȈȏȈȊ ȍȔț ȘțȒȖȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ ȓȖȎȐȓșȧ șȗȈȚȤ țȠȍȓ Ȋ șȖșȍȌȕȍȍ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ ǪȈ-
ȕȧ ȕȍ șȔȍȓ ȖșȓțȠȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȗȖșȒȖȘȍȍ ȓȍȋ ǭȋȖ ȕȖȋȐ ȉȖȓȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ
Țȣșȧȟț ȊȍȘșȚ Ȑ ȝȖȚȧ Ȗȕ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȎȌȍȚ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȗȕ șȍȑ-
ȟȈș Ȏȍ țșȕțȓ
XXV
Ȃȡȥ-șȎȚȜ — ȘȞȎȟȖȐȩȗ ȤȐȓȠȜȥȓȘ
Ȗ ȚȎșȓțȪȘȖȗ ȃȜ
ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ țȚȘȖ Ȓ ǪȈȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȐșȚȈȊȓȍȕȈ șȚȈȘȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȈ-
ȒȈȕțȕȍ ȗȖȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȓȖȒȖȔ ǹȗȍȘȊȈ Ȗȕ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȍȍ ǷȘȐȗȓȦșȕțȚȣȑ ȕȖș Ȑ ȚȖȓ-
șȚȣȍ ȋțȉȣ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ ȒȖȎȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȣȔȈȏȈȕȈ ȎȐ-
ȘȖȔ ȊȕțȠȈȓȐ ȍȔț ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȕȖ șȒȖȘȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȌȘțȎȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ǪȈȕȧ țȏ-
ȕȈȓ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȋȍȡȍȑ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȗȕ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ Ȑ ȕȍ șȓȣȝȈȓ ǲȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ șȚȈ-
ȘȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ țȟȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȧȏȣȒț ȕȍȋȘȖȊ Ȑ ȔȈȓȖ-ȗȖȔȈȓț ǪȈȕȧ ȕȈțȟȐȓșȧ ȖȉȢȧș-
ȕȧȚȤșȧ ǶȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ șȚȈȘțȝț ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ Ǽțȟ-ȓȈȔȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȈȓȖ ȕȈ ȧȏȣȒȍ ȕȍ-
ȋȘȖȊ — ©ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȑ ȞȊȍȚȖȒª ǿȈșȚȖ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȍ ȍȋȖ ȕȖȊȈȧ ȕȧȕȧ Ȑ țȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȈ
șȘȣȊȈȓȈ Ȋ ȓȍșț ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȑ ȞȊȍȚȖȒ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈ ǪȈȕȍ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȓȈ ©ȅȚȖ — Ȝțȟ-ȓȈȔȖª ǪȈȕȧ ȒȐȊȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ șȖȋȓȈȠȈȓșȧ ǺȖȋȌȈ șȚȈȘȈȧ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ©ȇ ȚȖȎȍ Ȝțȟ-ȓȈȔȖª ǵȖ ǪȈ-
ȕȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ șȔȍȧȓșȧ Ȉ șȚȈȘțȝȈ șȍȘȌȐȓȈșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ ȕȖ țșȗȖȒȖȐȊȠȐșȤ ȏȈ-
ȚȣȒȈȓȈ șȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȞȊȍȚȖȒ șȍȉȍ ȏȈ țȝȖ Ȑ ȗȍȓȈ

178
Ǽțȟ-ȓȈȔȖ — ȥȚȖ ȧ
ǲȘȈșȐȊȣȑ ȞȊȍȚȖȟȍȒ
ǫȖȓțȉȈȧ ȓțȕȈ
Ǵȕȍ ȏȈȊȐȌțȍȚ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ǵȖ ȍșȓȐ ǪȈȕȧ șȔȍȧȓșȧ ȕȈȌ șȚȈȘțȝȖȑ ȚȖ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ȗȖȚȍȠȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȕȍȋȘȣ ǲȈȒ ȕȐ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ Ȗȕ Ȋșȍȝ țȉȍȌȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȐȔȧ — ǪȈȕȧ
ȖȕȐ ȝȖȝȖȚȈȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ǪȈȕȧ Ȉ ǽȖ ǵȈ Ȑȝ ȧȏȣȒȍ ȥȚȖ
ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȈȓȖ — ȔȖȓȖȒȖ ǪȈȕȧ ș ȎȈȘȖȔ ȌȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȔȈȔȈ Ȑ ȗȈȗȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ
ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȋȓțȗȣȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ ©ǽȖª ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȏȖȊțȚ ǪȈȕȍȑ ǺȖȋȌȈ șȚȈ-
ȘțȝȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ ȕȈ ȓȍș ȕȈ ȋȖȘȣ ȊȌȈȓȐ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ
— ǵȍȚ ȔȐȓȣȑ ǽȖ ȅȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ Ǻȣ ȚȈȔ ȏȈ ȚȍȔȐ ȋȖȘȈȔȐ ȏȈ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȔ
ȔȖȘȍȔ ț șȊȖȍȑ ȔȈȔȣ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓșȧ ǪȈȕȧ Ȉ ț ȕȈș Țȣ ȏȖȊȍȠȤșȧ ǽȖ
— ǬȈ ȒȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȚȈȒȐȍ" — ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓșȧ ǪȈȕȧ
— Ǵȣ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȍ ȗȓȍȔȧ ȕȈȠȍ ȐȔȧ ȝȐȕȝȐȕȣ Ȉ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ ț ȕȈș ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈ-
ȟȐȚ — ©ǪȣșȖȒȐȑ ǩȈȔȉțȒª
— ǲȈȒ Ȏȍ ȊȈȔ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ șȚȣȌȕȖ țȉȐȊȈȚȤ ȓȦȌȍȑ" — ȌȖȗȣȚȣȊȈȓșȧ ǪȈȕȧ ȊșȗȖ-
ȔȐȕȈȧ țȎȈșȕțȦ ȉȐȚȊț ȕȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍ
ǵȖ ȕȍȋȘȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ șȓȖȊȖ ©șȚȣȌȕȖª ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȊȖȑȕȈ
Ȑ ȘȈȏȉȖȑ ȉȣȓȐ Ȑȝ ȖȉȣȟȕȣȔȐ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȧȔȐ ǲȖȍ-ȟȚȖ ǪȈȕȍ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȊȣȊȍ-
ȌȈȚȤ ț șȊȖȍȑ ȕȧȕȐ ǵȈțȟȐȊ ȍȋȖ șȊȖȍȔț ȚȘțȌȕȖȔț ȧȏȣȒț ȖȕȈ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
ȍȔț ȟȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȈ ȒțȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȗȈȓ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ ǨȉȐȉțȓȍ Ȑ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ǩțȝȈȔȈȘ
Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȊȣȘȈșȚȍȚ ȚȖ ȕȈțȟȐȚ ȒȖȘȖȓȧ Ȑ ȍȋȖ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȊșȍȔț ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȦȚ ȚȈȒȐȍ,
ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ șȈȔ Ț ȍ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȕȍ țȉȐȓȐ ȐȕȈȟȍ Ȑȏ ȕȍȋȖ
șȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȉȣ șțȗ ș ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȗȍȘȞȍȔ Ȉ ȍȋȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȒțȌȘȧȊțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȊȖȚȒȕț-
ȓȐ ȉȣ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȈ ȒȖȓ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȌȊȖȘȞȈ ǨȉȐȉțȓȣ Ƕȕ țȏȕȈȓ ȍȡȍ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ȋȖȘȈȔȐ ȊȐȌ-
ȕȍȊȠȐȔȐșȧ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȎȐȊțȚ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ț ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ ȎȐȊțȚ ȖȕȐ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ǯȖȓȖȚȣȔ ǺȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȗȕ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓȈ șȚȈȘțȝȈ
ȟȚȖ ȟȍȘȕȖȒȖȎȐȍ Ȋ ȘȍȒȈȝ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ Ȋ ȗȍșȒȍ ǩȍȓȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȉȖ-
ȓȤȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ ȓȦȉȧȚ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ Ȉ ȗȖȟȍȔț, Ǽțȟ-ȓȈȔȖ ȥȚȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ
ǩȍȓȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȖȚȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ ț ȕȍȋȘȖȊ Ȑ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ Ȑȝ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȊșȦȌț ǲȘȖ-
Ȕȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȖȕȐ ȏȈȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȗȖȒțȗȈȦȚ Ȋ ȖȉȔȍȕ ȕȈ ©ȊȍșȍȓțȦ ȊȖȌțª ȒȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ șȚȈ-
ȘțȝȈ ȒȓȣȒȐ șȓȖȕȖȊ ǪȈȕȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ șȗȍȘȊȈ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ©ȊȍșȍȓȈȧ ȊȖȌȈª
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȕȧȕȧ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓȈ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȣȗȤȍȚ ȥȚȖȑ ȊȖȌȣ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȓȖȚȒȖȊ ȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȗȍȚȤ ȗȓȧșȈȚȤ ȒțȊȣȘȒȈȚȤșȧ ȍȔț șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ
ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȕȖ ȏȈȚȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȍȋȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȍȚ ȚȈȒȈȧ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȕȈȟȐ-
ȕȈȍȚ ȒȘțȎȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȈȌȈȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȧȌȖȔ ǪȈȕȧ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ
©ȊȍșȍȓȈȧ ȊȖȌȈª ȉȣȓȈ ȊȖȌȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖȋțȉȐȓȈ Ȑ ȗȐȘȈȚȖȊ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȕȈȗȐȓȐșȤ
ȌȖ ȉȍșȗȈȔȧȚșȚȊȈ
— ǵȖ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ — ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓȈ Ǽțȟ-ȓȈȔȖ — ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȊȖȎȌȤ Ȑ ȝȘȈȉȘȣȑ Ȗȕ ȒȈȒ
ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȓȍȊ ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ șȖȓȌȈȚ Ȉ ț ȍȋȖ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȔȕȖȋȖ șȚȘȍȓ Ȑ ȒȐȕȎȈȓȖȊ
ǹȚȘȍȓȣ Ȑ ȒȐȕȎȈȓȣ Ȑ ȒȖȗȤȧ Ȑ ȧȚȈȋȈȕȣ ȊȖȑșȒȈ ǨȉțȉȐȓȣ ȕȈȔȈȏȈȕȣ ȧȌȖȔ ȏȔȍȑ,
ȚȈȒȐȝ ȖȚ țȒțșȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȍ țșȚȖȐȚ ȕȐ ȋȐȍȕȈ ȕȐ ȚȐȋȘ ȕȐ ȕȖșȖȘȖȋ ǲȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȗȖȌȘȈșȚȍȚ ǪȈȕȧ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ ȊȣțȟȐȚșȧ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȕțȎȕȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȍ ȗȈȓȒȐ
Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȖȋȖȕȤ Ȑ țȉȐȊȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǺȖȋȌȈ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ ȌȊȐȕȍȚșȧ

179
ȊȖȑȕȖȑ ȕȈ ǯȖȓȖȚȖȑ ȉȍȘȍȋ Ȑ Ȋșȍȝ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȊȖȏȤȔȍȚ Ȋ ȗȓȍȕ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȘȍȏȈȚȤ ȐȔ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊȣ
ǵȖ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȍȕȍȑ Ȉ ǪȈȕȧ ȕȐ ȘȈȏț ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȖȘȖȓȧ ǨȉȐȉțȓț Ȗ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȔ Ȗȕ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ǲȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ǽțȟ-ȓȈȔȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ
ȊȐȌȕȖ ȒȖȘȖȓȧ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ șȚȈȘțȝȈ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȗȕ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ
ȖȟȍȕȤ șȒȊȍȘȕȖȍ
— Ǩȝ Țȣ, ȌțȘȈȓȍȑ ǽȖ ǪȐȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȍȡȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȋȓțȗȣȑ ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ
ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ș ȚȖȉȖȦ ǲȖȋȌȈ Țȍȉȧ ȗȖȑȔȈȓȐ ȕȈȠȐ șȖȓ-
ȌȈȚȣ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ Țȍȉȧ ȌȈ ȗȖȘȍȠȐȚȤ — șȒțȠȈȚȤ ȓȐ
ȚȊȖȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȒȖșȚȖȟȒȐ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ ǵȈȠ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ ȎȐȊȍȚ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȌȊȖȘȞȍ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ
ȗȖȚȘȍȉțȍȚ Țȍȉȧ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ Țȣ șȔȖȎȍȠȤ ȍȋȖ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ
ǵȖ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖ țȔȍȓȈ șȍȘȌȐȚȤșȧ Ǽțȟ-ȓȈȔȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ țȎȍ șȔȍȧȚȤșȧ ȕȈȌ ǪȈȕȍȑ Ȑ
ȍȋȖ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ Ǽțȟ-ȓȈȔȖ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȗȍȒȓȈ Ȋ ȏȖȓȍ ȖȚ ȒȖșȚȘȈ ȗȓȖȌ ȉȈȖȉȈȉȈ Ȑȏ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕȍ ȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȝȓȍȉ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓȈ
— ǵț Ȑ ȋȓțȗȣȑ Ȏȍ Țȣ ǽȖ ǪȐȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȋȓțȗȣȑ ǹȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȍ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ț Țȍȉȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ǹȒȖȘȍȑ ț Țȍȉȧ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȊȖȚ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȠȐȠȒȈ ȉȈȖ-
ȉȈȉȈ
XXVI
ǽȓȞȜȥȖțțȩȗ țȜȔȖȘ
ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ țȚȘȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǪȈȕȧ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȈȓ ȜȐȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȏȈȗȐȊȈȧ Ȑȝ ȒȓȦȟȍ-
ȊȖȑ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘ ȊȉȍȎȈȓ ȕȍȋȘ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȊȍșȤ Ȋ ȗȣȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖȚ ȋȘȈȌȖȔ ȒȈȚȐȓșȧ ș
ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ ǵȍȋȘ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ț șȚȍȕȣ ȉȈȔȉțȒȖȊȖȋȖ ȠȈȓȈȠȈ șȊȖȍ ȒȖȗȤȍ Ȑ ȊȣȗȐȊ
ȒȘțȎȒț ȊȖȌȣ ȊȣȏȊȈȓ șȚȈȘțȦ Ǽțȟ-ȓȈȔȖ
— ǿȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȚȈȒ ȉȍȎȈȓ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ
ǵȍȋȘ ȖșțȠȐȓ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȕț ȒȘțȎȒț
— Ǩȑ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȎȈȘȒȖȍ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ǽțȟ-ȓȈȔȖ ǺȈȒȖȍ ȎȈȘȒȖȍ ȉțȌȚȖ ȕȍȉȖ Ȑ ȊȖȏ-
Ȍțȝ ȋȖȘȧȚ ǬȈȑ ȖȚȌȣȠȈȚȤșȧ ǹȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ" ǷȘȐșȓȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ǫȍ-
ȓȐȒȐȑ ȕȈȠ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȧ șȒȖȘȍȑ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ș ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔ ǽȖ
ǷȘȐ ȥȚȐȝ șȓȖȊȈȝ ǪȈȕȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȏȈȉȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȍ
— ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȕȍȋȘ — ȗȘȐșȓȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȌȖ-
ȊȖȓȤȕȖ țȎȍ țȟȐȚȤșȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȔț ǽȖ ȗțșȒȈȑ Ȗȕ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖșȓțȎȐȚ ȕȈȠȍȔț ȊȖȎ-
ȌȦ Ȑ ȒȖȘȖȓȦ
ǹȚȈȘȈȧ Ǽțȟ-ȓȈȔȖ ȊșȗȓȍșȕțȓȈ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ǶȕȈ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȓȦȉȐȓȈ ǪȈȕȦ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ Ȑȏ-
ȊȍșȚȐȍ ȍȍ ȖȗȍȟȈȓȐȓȖ ǬȈ Ȑ ǪȈȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ Ȑ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ ȘȈșșȚȈȊȈȚȤșȧ ș Ǽțȟ-ȓȈ-
ȔȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȏȈȉȖȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȗ ȕȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǶȕȈ șȊȧȏȈȓȈ ȍȔț Ȑȏ ȋȐȉȒȖȑ
Ȑ ȒȘȍȗȒȖȑ ȚȘȈȊȣ ȓȍȋȖȕȤȒȐȍ ȚțȜȍȓȤȒȐ Ȉ ȘțȉȈȠȒț Ȑ ȠȚȈȕȣ șȠȐȓȈ Ȑȏ ȚȖȕȒȖȑ
ȔȈȚȍȘȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕȍ ǩțȝȈȔȈȘ ȕȍȋȘȣ țȔȍȦȚ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȧȚȤ Ȑȏ ȊȖȓȖȒȖȕ ȉȈ-
ȕȈȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ Ǩ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȎȈȘȒȖȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȕȍ ȗȈȓȐȓȖ ȍȔț ȋȖȓȖȊț Ǽțȟ-ȓȈȔȖ
șȔȈșȚȍȘȐȓȈ ǪȈȕȍ Ȑ Ƞȓȧȗț Ȑȏ șȗȓȍȚȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑ ȊȣșțȠȍȕȕȣȝ ȓȐșȚȤȍȊ ȗȈȓȤȔȣ ǪȍȌȤ
ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȋȖ țȒȘȈȓȐ ȞȣȋȈȕȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȐȏȕȖșȐȓȖșȤ Ȑ

180
ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȚȘȧȗȒȐ
— Ǩȑ Ȉȑ — ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ Ǽțȟ-ȓȈȔȖ — ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ șȚȈȕț ȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȉȍȏ ǽȖ
ȔȖȍȋȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ǽȖ" ǲȖȔț ȧ șȚȈȕț ȕȖșȐȚȤ ȗȖ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒȈȔ ȎȈȘȍȕțȦ ȕȈ țȋȓȧȝ
Șȣȉț ȒȖȔț Ȏȍ ȧ șȚȈȕț șȖȉȐȘȈȚȤ Ȋ ȓȍșț ȌȐȒȐȑ ȌțȠȐșȚȣȑ ȊȐȕȖȋȘȈȌ" Ǻȣ țȎ ȗȖ-
șȐȌȐ ȌȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȏȌȍșȤ ȖȚȌȖȝȕȐ — ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐșȓȈȕȕȖȔț ȕȍȋȘț — ȇ Țȍ-
ȉȧ țȋȖȡț ȗȍȟȍȕȣȔȐ țȓȐȚȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȐȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȜȐȕȐȒȖȊ
ǵȖ ȕȍȋȘ ȏȈȔȖȚȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍȚ Ǽțȟ-ȓȈȔȖ ȅȚȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ ȖȚȘțȉȐȚ Ȕȕȍ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȍșȓȐ
ȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȊȍȌț ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ǽȖ Ȓ ȊȍȟȍȘț ǪȖȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȓȌȍȕȤ ȗțșȚȤ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȚ ȌȈ ȕȍ-
ȔȕȖȋȖ ȎȈȘȈ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȈȒȖȑ țȎȈșȕȖȑ ȧ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗțȡțșȤ Ȋ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȣȑ ȗțȚȤ ǪȖȏ-
Ȍțȝ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȋȖȘȐȚ Ǽțȟ-ȓȈȔȖ ȊȖȚ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȏȕȖȑ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ǵȈ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȒȍ ȌȖȘȖȋ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȐȌȍȕ ȏȈ ȓȍșȖȔ ȋȌȍ Ȋ ȗȘȖȠȓȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȖȝȖȚȐȓșȧ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȧ ȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓ ȌȈȎȍ ȒȈȒ ț ȘțȟȤȧ ȗȐȓ ȊȖȌț ǫțȘț ǪȖȚ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȋȖȘȐȚ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ
— Ǻȣ ȊȐȌȍȓ ǫțȘț" — șȖ șȚȘȈȝȖȔ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓȈ șȚȈȘțȝȈ ǪȈȕȧ țȎȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋ
șȚȘȈȕȍ ǩțȝȈȔȈȘ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ǫțȘț ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ ȏȔȍȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȗȘȖ-
ȋȓȖȚȐȚȤ ȞȍȓȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȍȕȒȈ ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȖȓȡȐȕȖȑ ș ȌȍȘȍȊȖ Ȉ ȍȍ ȒȖȎȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȎȍȓȚȈȧ
ȒȈȒ ȘȍȟȕȖȑ ȗȍșȖȒ ǷȘȐȚȈȐȊȠȐșȤ ȖȕȈ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȋ Ȓțș-
ȚȈȝ ȞȍȓȣȔȐ ȟȈșȈȔȐ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȈȧ ȈȕȚȐȓȖȗȈ ȐȓȐ ȓȈȕȤ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȔȐȔȖ,
ǫțȘț ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȌȍȓȈȓȈ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȗȘȣȎȖȒ ȖȉȊȐȊȈȓȈ ȍȍ șȊȖȐȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ Ȑ ȌțȠȐ-
ȓȈ ǷȖșȓȍ ȏȔȍȧ ȖȉȓȐȏȣȊȈȓȈ ȔȍȘȚȊțȦ ȌȖȉȣȟț ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ȍȍ șȓȦ-
ȕȖȑ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ș ȎȈȌȕȖșȚȤȦ ȍȍ ȗȘȖȋȓȈȚȣȊȈȓȈ Ƕȉ ȥȚȖȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȏȔȍȍ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
ȕȍȋȘ
— ǪȐȌȍȓ ȊȐȌȍȓ — ȏȈȒȐȊȈȓ Ȗȕ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ — ǫțȘț șȚȈȓ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȚȖȓșȚȣȑ
ȒȈȒ ȉȖȟȒȈ Ȑ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȌȊȈ ȥȚȐȝ ȌȊȖȘȈ
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȉțȌȍȚ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȊȖȑȕȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ Ǽțȟ-ȓȈȔȖ — ǭșȓȐ ǫțȘț ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖ-
ȧȊȐȓșȧ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȖȑȕȈ
— ǲȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ — șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ ȕȍȋȘ — ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ șȒȖȘȖ ȗȖȑȌȍȚ ȊȖȑȕȖȑ ȕȈ
ȉȍȓȣȝ ȕȈ ǯȖȓȖȚȖȔ ȉȍȘȍȋț ǵț Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȏȈșȕț ǲȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȍȕȐ ȗȖȑȌțȚ Ȓ Ȋȍȟȍ-
Șț ȘȈȏȉțȌȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ǽțȟ-ȓȈȔȖ
ǵȍȋȘ ȘȈȏȓȍȋșȧ ȕȈ ȞȐȕȖȊȒȍ Ȑ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȏȈȝȘȈȗȍȓ Ȉ șȚȈȘȈȧ Ǽțȟ-ȓȈȔȖ țȚȐȘȈȧ
șȓȍȏȣ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ șȖȉȐȘȈȚȤ Ȋ țȏȍȓȖȒ ǪȈȕȐȕȣ ȊȍȡȐ ǶȕȈ ȕȈȓȐȓȈ șȊȍȎȍȑ ȊȖȌȣ Ȋ ȍȋȖ
ȉȈȒȓȈȎȒț ȊȣȌȖȓȉȓȍȕȕțȦ Ȑȏ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ țȓȖȎȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȖȊȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȠȚȈȕȣ ȗȖȧș Ȑȏ
ȒȖȎȐ ȒȘȖȒȖȌȐȓȈ Ȑ ȕȖȊȍȕȤȒțȦ ȠȈȗȒț Ȑȏ ȓȐșȚȤȍȊ ȗȈȓȤȔȣ ș ȗȍȘȖȔ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȗț-
ȋȈȧ
— Ǩ ȊȖȚ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȔȖȑ ǽȖ — ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ Ȓ ǪȈȕȍ — ȍȡȍ Țȍȉȍ ȗȖȌȈȘȖȒ
ȟȚȖȉȣ Țȣ ȗȖȔȕȐȓ șȚȈȘțȦ Ǽțȟ-ȓȈȔȖ Ȑ ȔȖȋ ȏȈȡȐȡȈȚȤșȧ ȍșȓȐ ȏȓȖȑ ǫțȘț ȒȖȋȌȈ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȈȗȈȌȍȚ ȕȈ Țȍȉȧ
ǹȚȈȘțȝȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓȈ ǪȈȕȍ ȖșȚȘȖ ȕȈȚȖȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȖȎȐȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȗȕ șȗȘȧȚȈȓ Ȋ
șȊȖȑ țȏȍȓȖȒ ǵȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ șȚȈȓȖ șȒȓȖȕȧȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȏȈȗȈȌț Ȑ ȗȖ ȌȘțȋțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȘȍȒȐ
ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȝȖȚȧ ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȒȈȒ șȚȈȌȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ șȓȖȕȖȊ ȖȚ-
ȗȘȈȊȓȧȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȊȖȌȖȗȖȑ Ǽțȟ-ȓȈȔȖ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȓȈ ȕȍȋȘȈ Ȗȕ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ ȒȘȐȒ-
ȕțȓ
— ǵț-ȒȈ ǽȖ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȔȣȠȖȕȖȒ șȖȉȐȘȈȑșȧ Ȋ ȌȖȘȖȋț
ǪȈȕȧ Ȗȉȕȧȓ Ǽțȟ-ȓȈȔȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȋȖȘȤȒȖ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ Ȑ ȝȖȚȍȓ țȎȍ ȐȌȚȐ șȖ ȌȊȖ-
ȘȈ ȕȖ ȕȍȋȘ ȘȈșȝȖȝȖȚȈȓșȧ

181
— ȅȚȈȒ Ȕȣ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ ȠȓȐ ȉȣ ȞȍȓțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ǵȍȚ ǽȖ ǹȈȌȐșȤ-ȒȈ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȐ
Ȉ ȧ țȎȍ ȗȖȊȍȏț Țȍȉȧ ȊȍȘȝȖȔ
Ǽțȟ-ȓȈȔȖ ȗȖȌșȈȌȐȓȈ ǪȈȕȦ Ȉ ȕȍȋȘ, șȝȊȈȚȐȊ șȊȖȍ ȒȖȗȤȍ ȗȖȔȟȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ
ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ șȚȈȘțȝȈ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȗȧȚȒȐ ǪȈȕȧ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ. Ǽțȟ-
ȓȈȔȖ ȔȈȝȈȓȈ ȍȔț ȖȌȕȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȡȈȕȤȍ Ȉ ȌȘțȋȖȑ țȚȐȘȈȓȈ șȓȍȏȣ
XXVII
ǰȎțȭ ȘȞȖȥȖȠ ©ǮȞȕȖțȡȚȏȎȚȏȡȞȡª
ǵȍȋȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȗȘȐșȓȈȓ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ǪȈȕȧ șȐȌȍȓ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈ
ȗȓȍȟȈȝ ȖȉȝȊȈȚȐȊ ȍȋȖ ȒȘȍȗȒțȦ ȠȍȦ ȕȍșșȧ ȐȏȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȖȋ Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȗȖ ȗȣ-
ȓȤȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ Ȉ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȕȍȋȘȣ țȏȕȈȊ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȟȚȖ ǪȈȕȧ ȗȖȒȐ-
ȌȈȍȚ Ȑȝ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ ȊȖșȓȍȌ
— ǬȖ șȊȐȌȈȕȤȧ ǽȖ ǵȍ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȑ ȕȈș ǽȖ! ǪȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȑșȧ Ȓ ȕȈȔ ȗȖșȒȖȘȍȑ Ǵȣ
ȖȗȧȚȤ ȉțȌȍȔ ȒȈȚȈȚȤșȧ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ ȕȈ ȟȍȓȕȖȒȈȝ Ȑ ȓȖȊȐȚȤ Ȋ ȚȍȕȍȚȈ ȒȘȈșȕȣȝ ȗȖȗț-
ȋȈȍȊ
— ǨȘȏȐȕțȔȉȈȔȉțȘț — ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȐȔ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȚ ǪȈȕȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȈȓȖ ȕȈ ȧȏȣȒȍ
ȎȐȚȍȓȍȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ ǩțȝȈȔȈȘ — ©ȌȖ șȊȐȌȈȕȤȧª
ǵȖ ȕȍȋȘ ȗȍȘȍȗȘȣȋȕțȓ ȒȈȕȈȊț ȕȈ ȒȘȈȦ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ ȖȉȕȍșȍȕȕțȦ ȟȈșȚȖȒȖȓȖȔ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȌȐȒȐȍ ȏȊȍȘȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ Ȋ ȕȍȍ ȏȈȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȗȘȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȒțșȚȈȘȕȐȒ ș ȒȖȓȦ-
ȟȐȔȐ ȠȐȗȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ©ȌȍȘȎȐ-ȌȍȘȍȊȖª Ȑ ȗȖȔȟȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȚȘȖȗȐȕȒȍ
Ȋ ȓȍșț ǬȐȒȐȍ ȓȐȈȕȣ șȗțșȒȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ș ȊȣșȖȟȈȑȠȐȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐ ǪȈ-
ȕȍ ȊȈȕȚȣ ȕȈ ȔȈȟȚȈȝ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖ ȕȐȔ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȦȕȋȈ ȒȈȘȈȉȒȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ-
ȊȍȘȝ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒȈ șȚȘȖȧ ȋȘȐȔȈșȣ ǪȈȕȍ ȗȖȌȗȘȣȋȐȊȈȊȠȍȔț ȕȈ șȗȐȕȍ ȉȍȎȈȊȠȍȋȖ
ȕȍȋȘȈ ǯȈȘȖșȓȐ ȥȊȒȈȓȐȗȚȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ Ȑȏ șȖȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȍȋȘȣ ȌȖȉȣȊȈȦȚ ȓȍ-
ȒȈȘșȚȊȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȒȐ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȚȈȒ ȘȈȏȘȖșȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ȊȍȚȒȐ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ
șȉȘȖșȐȓȐ ǪȈȕȦ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ǵȖ Ȗȕ ȍȡȍ ȒȘȍȗȟȍ ȖȉȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȠȍȦ ȌȐȒȈȘȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȊȌȘțȋ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ șȗȘȧȚȈȓșȧ ȏȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȖȔ
XXVIII
ǽȠȖȥȘȎ ©ȢȖª
— ǵȍ ȌȣȠȐ ǽȖ — țșȗȍȓ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȚȤ ǪȈȕȍ
ǰȏ ȓȍșȕȖȋȖ ȖȔțȚȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ șȖȗȧ Ȑ ȋȘțȏȕȖ șȚțȗȈȧ ȗȖ ȋȘȧȏȐ Ȑ Ȑȓț ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ
Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ ȕȖșȖȘȖȋ ǭȋȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȉȐȊȍȕȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ Ȗȕ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȘȈșȗȖȘȖȚȤ ȎȐȊȖȚ
șȈȔȖȔț ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔț șȓȖȕț ȚȖȘȟȈȓ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȕȖșț ȒȈȒ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȒȖȋȖȚȤ ǹ ȟț-
ȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȚȍȒȓȈ ȊȖȌȈ Ȉ ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋȐ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȍ ȕȈ ȚȖȓșȚȣȍ șȊȈȐ ș ȚȘȍșȒȖȔ ȌȈȊȐȓȐ Ȓț-
șȚȈȘȕȐȒ Ȑ ȒȈȔȣȠ ǵȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ țȌȐȊȐȓȖ ǪȈȕȦ ȟȚȖ ȗȚȐȟȒȈ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȒȖ-
ȘȖȉȒȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȗȕ ȕȖșȐȓ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȍ șȗȐȟȒȐ ȟȐȘȐȒȕțȊ ȊȣȗȖȘȝȕțȓȈ Ȑȏ ȟȈ-

183
ȡȐ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ țșȍȓȈșȤ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȍ ȕȖșȖȘȖȋȈ ǶȕȈ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȘȣȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȖșȚȈȊȠȍȔșȧ
ȕȈ șȗȐȕȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ Ȑȓȍ ȐȡȈ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȟȍȘȊȧȟȒȖȊ ǵȖșȖȘȖȋ ȏȈȝȘȈȗȍȓ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ
șȗȐȕȖȑ Ȑ ȘȈșȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȧ ȚȘȍȡȈȊȠȐȍ Ȑ ȠȈȚȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ Ȑșȟȍȏ Ȋ ȓȍșȕȖȑ ȋȓț-
ȉȐȕȍ ǷȘȐȚȈȐȊȠȐșȤ ǪȈȕȧ Ȑ ȕȍȋȘ ȎȌȈȓȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȕȖȊȈ ȗțșȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ
ȗțȚȤ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȓȍșț șȚȈȓȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȚȍȔȕȍȚȤ ǵȖ ȚȘȍșȒ șțȟȤȍȊ ȏȈȔȖȓȒ ȕȍȋȘ Ȋȣ-
ȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ Ȑ ȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȉȣșȚȘȍȑ ǪȈȕȧ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȌȗȘȣȋȐȊȈȓ
ȕȈ ȍȋȖ șȗȐȕȍ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȗȕ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȍȝȈȓ ȊȍȘȝȖȔ ȕȈ șȒȈȒțȕȍ ǻșȚȈȊ ȕȈ-
ȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȑ șȒȈȟȒȐ Ȗȕ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȕȍȋȘȈ șȒȖȘȖ ȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȗȈȌțȚ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȍȞ ǨȉȐ-
ȉțȓȣ ǵȍȋȘ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț ȕȈ ȘȍȒț ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȖȕȐ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȣȚȤ Ȑ
ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ț ȗȖȌȕȖȎȤȧ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȝ ȋȖȘ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȌȊȖȘȍȞ ȒȖȘȖȓȧ ȟȍȘȕȖȒȖȎȐȝ ǹ
ȥȚȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ȘȍȒȍ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ șȊȖȍ ȒȖȗȤȍ ȏțȉȈȔȐ Ȑ ȉțȓȚȣȝȕțȓșȧ
ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ǪȈȕȍȑ Ȋ ȊȖȌț ǻ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȕȖȋȍ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȗȚȐȞȣ ș ȘȖ-
ȏȖȊȣȔȐ ȗȍȘȤȧȔȐ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔȐ ȏȈȋȕțȚȣȔȐ ȒȓȦȊȈȔȐ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȜȓȈ-
ȔȐȕȋȖ ǶȕȐ ș ȠțȔȖȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖȓȍȚȍȓȐ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȊȌȈȓȤ ǵȍȋȘ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȓȣȚȤ ȕȖ, ȒȈȒ ȕȐ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ǪȈȕȧ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȚȤ ȘȖȚ Ȑ ȌȣȠȈȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȕȖșȖȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȖ-ȚȈȒȐ ȗȘȐȝȓȍȉȕțȓ ȔțȚȕȖȑ ȊȖȌȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ȗȈȝ-
ȓȈ ȐȓȖȔ Ȑ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȧȔȐ
ǷȘȖȔȖȒȠȐȑ ǪȈȕȧ Ȑ ȌȐȒȈȘȤ Ȍȓȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȥȚȖ ȒțȗȈȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȔ ȗț-
șȚȧȒȖȔ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȗȖȧșȈ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȉȍȌȍȘ ț ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȒȖșȚȦȔȈ-ȚȖ ȕȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖ ȊȣȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ǰ ȗȖȒțȌȈ ȗȓȖȊȍȞ ȖȚȌȣȝȈȓ ǪȈȕȧ țșȗȍȓ
ȊȣȚȈȡȐȚȤ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȋȖ țȏȍȓȒȈ ȉȈȕȈȕȣ ȏȈȗȘȧȚȈȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȌȖȘȖȋț Ǽțȟ-ȓȈȔȖ Ƕȕ ș ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȐȔ ȈȗȗȍȚȐȚȖȔ șȢȍȓ ȖȌȐȕ Ȉ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȖȚȌȈȓ ȕȍȋȘț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț ©ȟȐȘ-
ȟȐȘª Ǩ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȧȏȣȒȍ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȓȖ — ©șȗȈșȐȉȖª
XXIX
ǰȎțȭ șȎȘȜȚȖȠȟȭ ȝȖȞȜȑȜȚ Ȏ ǮȢȖȘ șȎȓȠ
ǭȌȊȈ ȗȘȖȎȍȊȈȓ ǪȈȕȧ ȉȈȕȈȕ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȚȈȒțȦ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȤ ȟȚȖ, ȍȌȊȈ
ȘȈșȚȧȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȚȘȈȊȍ, ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȏȈșȕțȓ ǲȖȋȌȈ ȕȍȋȘ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȖȌȖȓ-
ȎȈȚȤ ȗțȚȤ Ȑ ȚȘȖȕțȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȘțȒț Ȗȕ șȓȈȌȒȖ șȗȈȓ
— ǪșȚȈȊȈȑ Ȏȍ ǽȖ — ȚȖȘȔȖȠȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȋȘ — ǻȎȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȚȍȔȕȖ ȕȈș ȎȌȍȚ ǨȉȐ-
ȉțȓȈ
ǵȖ ǪȈȕȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȒȖȎȐȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȒȐȕțȊ
ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȓȍȟȖ ȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ǵȍ ȌțȔȈȑȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȉȣȓȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ țȌȖȉȕȖ șȗȈȚȤ
ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȍ ț ȌȐȒȈȘȧ ȕȖ ȍȔț Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ șȕȐȓȈșȤ ǩȍȓȈȧ ȉȈȠȕȧ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ
țȎȍ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ǬȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ, ȖȚȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ǪȈȕȧ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȕȍ ȍȓ ȊȒțșȕȣȝ Ȋȍ-
ȡȍȑ ȍȔț ȗȘȐșȕȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȔȈȔȈ ȏȈȎȈȘȐȓȈ ȊȒțșȕȖȋȖ ȋțșȧ ș ȗȍȟȍȕȣȔȐ ȧȉȓȖ-
ȒȈȔȐ Ȉ ȘțȔȧȕȈȧ ȒȈȘȚȖȠȒȈ ȗȓȈȊȈȓȈ Ȋ ȘȈșȚȖȗȓȍȕȕȖȔ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȔ ȔȈșȓȍ ǴȈȔȈ ȝȓȖ-
ȗȖȚȈȓȈ ț ȗȍȟȒȐ ȚȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȚȖ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȌțȝȖȊȒț ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓșȧ
ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȐȘȖȋ ș ȊȐȠȕȍȊȣȔ ȊȈȘȍȕȤȍȔ Ȑ ȔȐȕȌȈȓȍȔ Ǫ țȋȓț ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȒȈȒ
șȕȐȓȖșȤ ǪȈȕȍ șȐȌȍȓ Ȑ ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǷȖșȈșȣȊȈȧ șȊȖȦ ȚȘțȉȒț Ȗȕ ȗțșȒȈȓ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ
țșȖȊ ȌȣȔȖȒ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȘȈșșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ ǪȈȕȦ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȗȕ ȚȈȒ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȌȖȔȈ ǯȌȍșȤ

184
Ȏȍ ȊȍȘȚȍȓșȧ ȗȖȔȈȝȐȊȈȧ ȗțȠȐșȚȣȔ ȝȊȖșȚȐȒȖȔ ǨȜȐȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȓȈȧȓ
ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ǪȈȕȧ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǺțȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȓȐȠȤ șȖȕ
ȟȚȖ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ Ȗȕ ȕȍțȌȖȉȕȖ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȍ ȕȍȋȘȈ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ Ȓ Ȍȍ-
ȘȍȊȕȍ ȋȌȍ ȎȐȓ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ
ǳȈȧȓ ȕȍ ǨȜȐȒ ȒȈȒ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȖ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȊȠȈȧ Ȑȏ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȠȈȓȈȠȈ șȖȉȈȒȈ
ǶȕȈ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȈȝ ȟȍȘȕȖȒȖȎȍȋȖ ǪȈȕȦ Ȑ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȍȋȖ țȒțșȐȚȤ ǪȈȕȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȚȈȒ
ȋȘțșȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȓ ȕȈȊȏȘȣȌ ȗȖȕȧȊ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ǩȍ-
ȓȈȧ ȉȈȠȕȧ Ȑ ǨȜȐȒ Ȑ ȊȒțșȕȣȑ ȗȐȘȖȋ ș ȊȐȠȕȍȊȣȔ ȊȈȘȍȕȤȍȔ ȍȔț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐș-
ȕȐȓȐșȤ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȚȈȒ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȟȚȖ ǪȈȕȧ țȎȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȍȧȓ-
șȧ țȊȐȌȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ǽȖȚȧ ȕȐ ȕȍȋȘȣ ȕȐ Ǽțȟ-ȓȈȔȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȏȈȉȖȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȌțȘȕȖȋȖ ȕȍ șȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȍȔț ǪȈȕȧ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȔȖȓȐȓ-
șȧ ȓȖȎȈșȤ șȗȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȐȓ ǩȖȋȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ƕȕ ȗȖȔȖȋ ȍȔț ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ
ȌȖȔȖȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȍȚ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȍȍ ȔȍșȚȈ ȕȈ ȊșȍȔ șȊȍȚȍ ȟȍȔ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȌȖȔ
Ȑ ȕȍȚ ȗȖȞȍȓțȧ ȕȍȎȕȍȍ Ȑ șȓȈȡȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȖȞȍȓțȑ ȘȖȌȕȖȑ ȔȈȔȣ
XXX
ǸȜȞȜșȪ ȣȖțȣȖțȜȐ
ǻȚȘȖȔ ǪȈȕȧ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ ȖȚ ȉȖȧ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȖȊ Ȑ ȖȚ ȏȊțȒȖȊ ȚȘțȉ ǹȗȍȘȊȈ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ
șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȤ ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ǵȖ ȏȈ șȚȍȕȒȖȑ ȝȐȎȐȕȣ ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ șȗȈȓ Ȗȕ țșȓȣȝȈȓ
ȊȌȘțȋ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȠțȔ Ȑ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȟȍȘȕȖȒȖȎȐȝ ǹȘȍȌȐ ȘȍȊȈ ȚȖȓȗȣ Ȗȕ ȧșȕȖ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȘȈșșȓȣȠȈȓ țȌȈȘȣ Ȋ ȔȍȌȕȣȑ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȋȘȍȔȍȓ, ȒȈȒ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓ ȕȈȗȖ-
ȔȐȕȈȓ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ ȗȖ ȊȐȌț ȚȈȏ Ȑ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓșȧ ȋȖȕȋȖȔ ǫȖȕȋ ȊȏȊȣȊȈȓ Ȑ ȋȘȍȔȍȓ ȕȍȗȘȍ-
șȚȈȕȕȖ Ȉ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ
— ǹȓȈȊȈ ǨȉȐȉțȓȍ ȕȍȗȖȉȍȌȐȔȖȔț ȒȖȘȖȓȦ șȚȘȈȕȣ ǩțȝȈȔȈȘ șȈȔȖȔț ȒȘȈșȐȊȖ-
Ȕț Ȑ ȝȘȈȉȘȖȔț ȊȖȎȌȦ ȝȐȕȝȐȕȖȊ
ǷȖșȓȍ șȕȖȊȈ ȏȈȉȐȓȐ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȣ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȊȣȓȐ șȖȉȈȒȐ Ȑ ȟȍȑ-ȚȖ ȋȖȓȖș ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȘȖ-
ȒȘȐȟȈȓ
—ǹȓȈȊȈ ǨȉȐȉțȓȍ șȣȕț ȕȍȗȖȉȍȌȐȔȖȋȖ ǹȈȉȍȉȣ ǪȍȌȐ ȕȈș Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈ ȊȖȑȕț ȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȊ ȉȍȓȣȝ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȐșȚȘȍȉȐȔ Ȑȝ ȒȈȒ ȋȐȍȕ Ȋ ȗțșȚȣȕȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȍȌȈȦȚ ȕȈȠ ȝȓȍȉ
Ȑ ȗȖȎȐȘȈȦȚ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ
XXXI
ǺȎțȔȓȠȩ
ȀțȔ Ȋșȍ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȓșȧ ȒȘȐȒȐ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋșȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȍȑ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȟȍ ǪȈȕȧ
ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȓȍȎȈȕȒȐ Ȑ ȒȘȈȌțȟȐșȤ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȖȒȖȠȒț ȊȣȘȍ-
ȏȈȕȕȖȔț ȕȈȊȍȘȝț Ƕȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍȋȘȣ Ȑȝ
Ȏȍȕȣ ȌȍȚȐ Ȋșȍ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȐȊȈȓȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȒȖȗȤȧȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȣȋȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ

185
ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȞȍȓȖȍ ȖȉȓȈȒȖ ȗȣȓȐ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȖșȤ ȕȈȌ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍȑ ǷȍȘȍȌ șȖșȍȌȕȐȔ ȌȖȔȖȔ
ȗȖȊȣȠȍ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȕȈ ȒȘȣȓȤȞȍ șȚȖȧȓ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ ǪȈȕȧ țȏȕȈȓ ȍȋȖ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ǨȉȐȉț-
ȓȈ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȟȈȓȔȍ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȘțȒȍ Ȗȕ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ Ȕȍȟ ȖșȚȘȖ ȕȈȚȖȟȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ Ȉ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȑ — ȡȐȚ ǪȖȒȘțȋ ȒȖȘȖȓȧ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ ȖȚȋȖȕȧȓȐ ȚȖȓȗț ȎȍȓȈȊȠțȦ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȤșȧ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ ȉȣȓ șȖȊșȍȔ ȋȖȓȣȑ ȒȈȒ
Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȕȍȋȘȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȉȍȌȍȘ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȌȍȚ ȧȘȒȖ-ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȗȖȧș ȌȈ
ȍȡȍ ȖȌȕȖ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȐȍ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ ǪȈȕȧ șȗȍȘȊȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ
ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȕȖ ȗȘȐșȔȖȚȘȍȊȠȐșȤ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ț ǨȉȐȉțȓȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȌȍȚȣ ȕȈ ȘțȒȈȝ
ȞȍȓȓțȓȖȐȌȕȣȍ ȔȈȕȎȍȚȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȒȈȒ țȏȕȈȓ Ȗȕ ȗȖȏȎȍ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ ȒțȗȐȓ ț ȖȌȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȒțȗȞȈ ȖȚȌȈȊ Ȋ ȖȉȔȍȕ ȏȈ ȕȐȝ  șȓȖȕȖȊ Ȑ  ȠȒțȘ țȉȐȚȣȝ ȈȕȚȐȓȖȗ
ǺȘțȉȈȟȐ șȕȖȊȈ ȏȈȐȋȘȈȓȐ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȌȐȒțȦ ȔțȏȣȒț ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȡȐȒȐ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ
șȐȓ ȏȈȚȘȍȡȈȓȐ Ȑ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȘțȒț ș ȔȍȟȖȔ Ȋșȍ șȔȖȓȒȓȐ ǲȖȘȖȓȤ
ȕȍȋȘȖȊ ȗȖȌȖȎȌȈȓ ȔȐȕțȚȒț Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ
XXXII
ǮȏȖȏȡșȎ ȑȞȜȕȖȠ Ȗ ȑȜȐȜȞȖȠ Ȝ ȚȜșȜȘȓ
— ȇ — ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ șȣȕ ǹȈȉȍȉȣ ǪȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ șȚȘȈȕȣ ǩțȝȈ-
ȔȈȘ Ȑ ȊȖȎȌȤ ȊȈȠ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȊȈȔ ȝȐȕȝȐȕȣ Ȉ Ȋȣ Ȕȍȕȧ șȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ǹȓțȠȈȑȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ
Ȋșȍ șȚȈȘȐȒȐ Ȑ ȌȍȚȐ ȊȏȘȖșȓȣȍ Ȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȚȘțȉȈȟȐ Ȑ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȡȐȒȐ
Ȑ ȜȓȍȑȚȐșȚȣ ǰ ȗțșȚȤ șȍȑȟȈș ȕȍ ȠțȔȐȚ ȓȍș Ȑ ȕȍ ȘȣȟȐȚ ȕȖșȖȘȖȋ Ȑ ȗțșȚȤ șȍȑȟȈș
ȏȓȖȑ ǫțȘț șȗȘȧȟȍȚșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȕȖȘț Ȑ ȗțșȚȤ șȍȑȟȈș ȕȍ șȊȐșȚȐȚ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ
ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȧ — ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ șȣȕ ǹȈȉȍȉȣ ǪȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ șȚȘȈȕȣ ǩț-
ȝȈȔȈȘ
ǫȖȓȣȑ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȈȕȎȍȚȈȔȐ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț Ȑ
șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ șȊȖȑ Ȕȍȟ ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ șȒȓȖȕȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȗȖȧș ǵȖ ǨȉȐȉț-
ȓȈ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ
— ǫȓȧȌȐȚȍ ȝȐȕȝȐȕȣ ȕȈ Ȕȍȟ ȔȖȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȒȖȊ Ȑ ȕȈ ȔȖȑ Ȕȍȟ
Ǫșȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ
— ǩȍȓȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ț ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ ȝȖȚȧȚ șȖȍȌȐȕȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȐȌȚȐ ȊȋȓțȉȤ ȕȈȠȍȑ
șȚȘȈȕȣ ǶȕȐ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȊȣȊȖȏȧȚ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧȝ ȕȈȠȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ țȉȐȊȈȦȚ ȕȈȠȐȝ
șȓȖȕȖȊ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȝȐȕȝȐȕȖȊ ȐșȒȈȚȤ Ȋ ȘțȌȕȐȒȈȝ Ȑ ȠȈȝȚȈȝ ȈȓȔȈȏȣ Ȑ ȘțȉȐȕȣ ǻ
ȕȐȝ ȍșȚȤ ©ȊȍșȍȓȈȧ ȊȖȌȈª Ȑ ȗȖȘȖȠȖȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȔȖȓȕȐȍȑ Ȑ țȉȐȊȈȍȚ
ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȝȐȕȝȐȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ Ȍȓȧ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȇ — ǨȉȐ-
ȉțȓȈ ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ — șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȦ ȊȈș ȟȚȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ Ȕȣ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ș ȥȚȐȔȐ ȉȍȓȣȔȐ"
ǺȖȓȗȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ ȒțȓȈȒȐ ȒȖȗȤȧ ȗȈȓȒȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȘȍȊȍȚȤ
— ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȉȍȓȣȔ
ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ ȒȘȣȓȤȞȍ ȗȖȚȘȧșȈȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȔȍȟȖȔ Ȑ ȡȐȚȖȔ Ȉ ȔȈȕȎȍȚȣ ț
ȕȍȋȖ ȗȘȣȋȈȓȐ ȚȖ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȚȖ ȊȕȐȏ
— ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȉȍȓȣȔ — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ ȏȈ ȊșȍȔȐ — ǽȐȕȝȐȕȣ ȌțȔȈȦȚ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖ
ǵȈȔ ȕțȎȕȖ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤșȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ șȒȖȘȖ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȕȈȗȈȌțȚ ȕȈ ȕȈș ȕȈ șȚȘȈȕț
ǩțȝȈȔȈȘ Ȑ șȚȈȕȍȔ Ȕȣ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȑȝ ȘȈȉȈȔȐ ǵȖ ȧ — ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȧ — ȒȖȘȖȓȤ

186
ȊȈȠ, ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȐȚȘȣȑ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȝȐȚȘȣȑ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȉȍȓȣȑ Ȉ ȔȖȎȍȚ, ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ
ǯȕȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ Ȋȣ ȝȐȕȝȐȕȣ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȔ ȉȍȓȣȝ, ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȕȈțȟȐȔșȧ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ
ȗȖȘȖȠȖȒ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȗȖȓțȟȈȍȚșȧ ȔȖȓȕȐȧ ș ȋȘȖȔȖȔ ǵȖ ȧ Ȑ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȚȖȎȍ ȗȖ-
ȌțȔȈȓ ȝȐȕȝȐȕȣ ȇ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕț ǩțȝȈȔȈȘ ǽȖ
Ǫșȍ șȚȈȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȚȤ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ȏȈȟȍȔ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȚ Ȗ ȔȖȓȖȒȍ ǺȖȋȌȈ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— Ǫȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ Ȗ ȔȖȓȖȒȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ Ȋȣ ȗȐȚȈȓȐșȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȣȓȐ ț
ȋȘțȌȐ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȔȈȚȍȘȍȑ" ǵȍȚ ȝȐȕȝȐȕȣ
ǰ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȓ șȖȓȌȈȚȈȔ Ȗȕ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— ǷȘȐȊȍȌȐȚȍ șȦȌȈ ǽȖ Ȑ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȇȘȣȋț
XXXIII
ȍȞȩȑȎ Ȗ ȝȜȞȜȦȜȘ-ȚȜșțȖȭ
ǹȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȝȐȎȐȕȍ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȗȘȐȚȈȐȊȠȐșȤ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓ ǪȈȕȧ ǶȌȐȕ
Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȊȣȊȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤ ȋȌȍ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȒȖȘȖȓȍȔ șȚȖȧȓ
șȚȈȘȣȑ șȒȘȦȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȕȍȋȘ ș ȖȚȊȐșȠȐȔ ȎȐȊȖȚȖȔ ȌȍȘȎȈ Ȋ Șț-
ȒȈȝ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȚȖȗȖȘ
ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ǪȈȕȦ ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȐ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȌ ȚȖȓȗȖȑ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȕȈȌ
țȝȖȔ
— ǽȐȕȝȐȕȣ ȋȓȧȌȐȚȍ ȊȖȚ ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȍșȚȤ ǽȖ Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ —
ȇȘȣȋȈ ȖȚȘțȉȐȚ ȍȔț ȋȖȓȖȊț
ǵȍȋȘ ș ȖȚȊȐșȠȐȔ ȎȐȊȖȚȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȣȓ ȗȈȓȈȟȖȔ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ǪȈȕȦ ȗȘȐȋȕțȓ
ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȈȌ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȒȖȘȖȓȧ ȟțȘȉȈȕȖȔ Ȑ ȏȈȕȍș țȎȍ ȚȖȗȖȘ ǵȖ
ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ȍȋȖ
— ǷȖȋȖȌȐ ȇȘȣȋȈ ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǽȖ ȊșȚȈȊȈȑ
ǪȈȕȧ ȍȌȊȈ ȎȐȊȖȑ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓ-
șȧ Ȓ ȚȖȓȗȍ
— ǽȐȕȝȐȕȣ ǶȚȘțȉȐȚȤ ȋȖȓȖȊț ǽȖ — ȌȍȓȖ ȕȍȚȘțȌȕȖȍ ȅȚȖ Ȕȣ ȊșȍȋȌȈ șțȔȍȍȔ
șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ǵȖ ȗțșȒȈȑ Ȗȕ ȓțȟȠȍ ȕȈțȟȐȚ ȕȈș ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȚȖȚ ȗȖȘȖȠȖȒ-ȔȖȓȕȐȦ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȔ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ǲȈȒ Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȝȐȕȝȐȕȣ"
ǵȍȋȘȣ ȏȈȊȖȗȐȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȠȈȓȈȠȈȝ ȏȈȊȣȓȐ șȖȉȈȒȐ ǶȕȐ șȊȐșȚȈȓȐ ȒȘȐȟȈ-
ȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȗȍȚțȝȐ ȝȘȦȒȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȘȖșȧȚȈ ȊȐȏȎȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȒȖȠȒȐ
— ǷțșȚȤ ǽȖ ȕȈțȟȐȚ ȕȈș ȒȈȒ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȗȖȘȖȠȖȒ-ȔȖȓȕȐȦ — ȘȍȊȍȓȐ ȟȍȘȕȖȒȖ-
ȎȐȍ
— ǲȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖȘȖȠȖȒ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ" — ȏȈȖȘȈȓ ȕȈ ǪȈȕȦ ǨȉȐ-
ȉțȓȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȚȈȊȐȓ șȊȖȑ Ȕȍȟ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȋȘȈȌȖȔ șȣȗȈȓȐșȤ șȓȍȏȣ
— ǫȖȊȖȘȐ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ǽȖ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȧ ȊȣȒȖȓȦ Țȍȉȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǪȈȕȧ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ
— ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȘȖȠȖȒ — țȗȈȊȠȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ
— ǲȈȒ Ȏȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȘȖȠȖȒ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȗȍșȖȒ" — ȏȈ-
ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȇȘȣȋȈ

187
— ǲȈȒ Ȗȕ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȑ
— Ƕȕ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ — ȍȓȍ ȊȣȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ǪȈȕȧ — ȗȖȘȖȝ
— ǲȈȒ" ǲȈȒ" — ȏȈȠțȔȍȓȐ Ȋ ȚȖȓȗȍ
ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— ǷȖȘȖȝ
— ǨȋȈ ȗȖȘȖȝ ǷȖȘȖȝ — ȗȖȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȊșȦȌț ȒȘȐȒȐ Ȉ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ ȖȚ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ȟȚȖ
Ȗȕ țȏȕȈȓ ȥȚȖ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȚȈȕȞȍȊȈȚȤ Ȉ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ Ȑ Ȋșȧ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȗțșȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȚȈ-
ȒȖȑ ȗȓȧș ȟȚȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ ȕȍȋȘȣ șȖȠȓȐ ș țȔȈ
XXXIV
ǿȠȎȞȩȗ ȅȡȥȡ Ȗ ȏȡȒȖșȪțȖȘ
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȕȍȋȘȣ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓȐ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȚȈȕȞȍȊȈȚȤ Ȓ ǨȉȐȉțȓȍ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ
șȚȈȘȐȒ-ȟȍȘȕȖȒȖȎȐȑ ǫȓțȉȖȒȐȍ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȣ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȖ Ȉ ȍȋȖ șȍȌȣȍ
ȒțȘȟȈȊȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȍȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȍȔț ȊȣȔȈȏȈȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊț șȔȍȚȈȕȖȑ Ǫ
ȘțȒȈȝ Ȗȕ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȊȣșȖȒțȦ ȗȈȓȒț ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȗȓȖȠȤ țȊȍȠȈȕȈ ȘȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȔȐ
ȓȍȕȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȋȘȍȔțȠȒȈȔȐ ǵȈ ȋȖȓȖȑ ȋȘțȌȐ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȕȈ ȠȕțȘȒȍ ȊȐșȍȓȐ ȏțȉȣ
ȒȘȖȒȖȌȐȓȖȊ ȒȖȋȚȐ ȚȐȋȘȖȊ Ȑ șȈȔȖȍ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ — șȚȈȘȣȑ ȏȈȘȎȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȉț-
ȌȐȓȤȕȐȒ Ƕȕ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȖ ȕȍȋȘȣ Ȑ șȚȈ-
ȘȐȒ-ȟȍȘȕȖȒȖȎȐȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȗȖȝȐȚȐȓ ȉțȌȐȓȤȕȐȒ ț ȉȍȓȣȝ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖ-
ȏȘȍȊȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȟȈșȣ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȖȕȐ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȓȣȝȈȓȐ ǶȕȐ ȌțȔȈ-
ȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȎȐȊȖȍ Ȑ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ Ǫ șȚȘȈȕȍ ǩțȝȈȔȈȘ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȐ-
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ șȓȣȝȈȓȐ Ȗ ǩȖȋȍ Ȑ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȧȓȐșȤ ȊȍȡȈȔ ǩțȌȐȓȤȕȐȒ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȐȔ ȎȐȊȣȔ
Ȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ ȟȍȔț ȔȖȎȕȖ ȔȖȓȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȧȚȤșȧ ǽȐȕȝȐȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȧȏȣȟȕȐ-
ȒȈȔȐ Ȉ șȚȈȘȐȒ țȊȍȠȈȕȕȣȑ ȒȖȓȤȞȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȋȘȍȔțȠȒȈȔȐ ȉȣȓ Ȑȝ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȔ ȎȘȍ-
ȞȖȔ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȣȊȈȊȠȐȔ șțȌȤȉț șȓțȎȐȊȠȐȔ Ȋ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ ȐȌȖȓȖȗȖȒȓȖȕȕȐȒȖȊ șțȌȐȊ-
ȠȐȔ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ǨȉȐȉțȓȖȑ ȗȘȖȊȐȕȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȌȐȒȈȘȍȑ ǲȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȗȖȌȘȈșȚȈȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȌȍȓȈȓ ȖșȚȘȣȔ ȕȖȎȖȔ ȕȈȌȘȍȏȣ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ Țȍȓȍ
ǯȈȎȐȊȈȧ ȖȕȐ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ ȠȘȈȔȈȔȐ ǽȐȕȝȐȕȣ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ șȟȐȚȈ-
ȓȐ ȚȈȚțȐȘȖȊȒț țȒȘȈȠȍȕȐȍȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȑ ȋȖȘȌȐȓȐșȤ ȘțȉȞȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȖȉȍȐȝ ȡȍȒȈȝ Ȑ
ȗȓȍȟȈȝ
XXXV
ǲȕȩțȪ-ȒȕȩțȪ ȑȜȐȜȞȖȠ
ǵȍȋȘ-șȚȈȘȐȒ ȏȈȊȍȓ ȗȘțȎȐȕț ȉțȌȐȓȤȕȐȒȈ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȓ țȝț Ȑ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ
— ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ Ȑ ȝȐȕȝȐȕȣ ǪȖȚ șȓțȠȈȦ ȧ ȟȚȖ șȒȈȎȍȚ șȍȑȟȈș ȕȈȠ ȉȖȋ
ǬȏȣȕȤ-ȌȏȣȕȤ

188
ǮȘȍȞ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ ȊȐȕȚȐȒ Ȑ ȉțȌȐȓȤȕȐȒ ȚȈȒ ȏȈȚȘȍȡȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȕȍȋȘȣ Ȋ Ȑșȗțȋȍ
ȖȚșȒȖȟȐȓȐ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț
— ǩȖȋ ǬȏȣȕȤ-ȌȏȣȕȤ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȒȖȓȌțȕ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȟȚȖ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ț
ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ ǺȈȒ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ Șȣȉȣ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ. Ƕȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȍȡȍ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ Ȋșȍ ȝȐȕȝȐȕȣ ȠȓȐ șȍȑȟȈș ȔȖȓȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤ Ȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋșȍ ȝȐȕȝȐȕȣ ȗȘȖ-
șȐȓȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȓȈȓ ȐȔ ȗȖȉȍȌț
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȉțȌȐȓȤȕȐȒ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ șȚȘȍȓȒȐ ȕȈ ȞȐȜȍȘȉȓȈȚȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȣ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȕȈ ǪȈȕȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȚȖȧȓ ȊȖȏȓȍ ǨȉȐȉțȓȣ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȚȕȖ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȎȘȍȞ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȊ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— ǽȐȕȝȐȕȣ ǬȏȣȕȤ-ȌȏȣȕȤ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ șȊȖȍȑ ȖșȚȘȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȕȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ
ǽȖ
Ǫșȍ ș ȎȈȌȕȣȔ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ ȏȈȚȈȐȊ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ șȚȈȓȐ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ǪȈȕȦ Ǩ
ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȊȠȐȑșȧ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȎȘȍȞȈ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ șȚȈȘȣȑ ǿțȟț"
ǲȖȓȌțȕ ǿțȟț ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȔȐȕțȚț Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ ȊșȍȔ ȕȈȌȖ ȐȌȚȐ ȔȖȓȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈȠȍȔț ȉȖȋț ǬȏȣȕȤ-ȌȏȣȕȤ
ǰȌȍȔȚȍ Ȋ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤ ǰ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȔț ǽȖ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȐȌȚȐ ȔȖȓȐȚȤșȧ
ǹ ȥȚȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ǿțȟț Ȋȏȧȓ ǪȈȕȦ ȏȈ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ șȖ ȊșȍȔȐ Ȋ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤ
ȐȌȖȓȖȗȖȒȓȖȕȕȐȒȖȊ-ȝȐȕȝȐȕȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ șȓȣȝȈȓȐ Ȗȉ ȐșȚȐȕȕȖȔ ǩȖȋȍ,
ȕȖ ȔȖȓȐȓȐșȤ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȔț ȉțȌȐȓȤȕȐȒț
XXXVI
ȁ ȄȐȎȘȎ Ȑ ȤȓȞȘȐȖ
ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ǿțȟț ǪȈȕȧ Ȉ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȕȍȋȘȣ ȊȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤ ȅȚȖ
ȉȣȓ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ șȈȘȈȑ Ȑȏ ȚȖȓșȚȣȝ ȉȘȍȊȍȕ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȚȍȔȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ǪȈȕȧ
șȗȍȘȊȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ ǵȖ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȐ Ȓ
ȗȖȓțȔȘȈȒț Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȊȍșȤ ȗȖȓ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȒȘȣȚ ȘȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȔȐ ȞȐȕȖȊȒȈȔȐ
șȚȖȓȉȣ ȉȣȓȐ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȣ ȒȓȣȒȈȔȐ șȓȖȕȖȊ Ȑ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȊȐșȍȓȐ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȊȍȡȐ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ ȕȍȋȘȣ ȌȈȘȐȓȐ ȉȖȋț ǬȏȣȕȤ-ȌȏȣȕȤ ǯȌȍșȤ ȊȐșȍȓȐ ȒțșȖȟȒȐ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȐ ȊȍȕȖȟȒȐ
Ȑȏ șțȝȐȝ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ ȔȍȌȕȣȍ ȒȖȓȤȞȈ ȗțȟȖȒ șȚȘȍȓ ȊȣȘȍȏȈȕȕȣȍ Ȑȏ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕ-
ȒȐ ȗȍȘȤȧ șȚȘȈțșȖȊ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȊȍȡȐȞ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȉȣ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ
șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȏȈȟȍȔ ȖȕȐ șȌȍȓȈȕȣ ǷȘȖȚȐȊ ȊȝȖȌȈ ȉȣȓ țșȚȘȖȍȕ ȗȖȔȖșȚ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ
ȈȓȚȈȘȤ ȥȚȖȑ ȐȌȖȓȖȗȖȒȓȖȕȕȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ ǵȈ ȕȍȔ ȉȣȓ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȑ
ȉȖȋ Ȑ ȐȌȖȓ ȝȐȕȝȐȕȖȊ — șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȒȘȖȒȖȌȐȓ ǾȊȈȒ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȊȣȘȍȏȈȕ Ȑȏ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ
ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȒțșȒȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ǭȋȖ ȗȈșȚȤ ȉȣȓȈ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȈ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȐșȤ
ȏțȉȣ Ȑ ȘȈșȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȧȏȣȒ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ ȖȚ șȊȍȚȈ ȗȖȚȖ-
Ȕț ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ șȌȍȓȈȕȣ Ȑȏ ȌȊțȝ ȊșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȈȓȔȈȏȖȊ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȖȑ ș ȋȘȍȞȒȐȑ
ȖȘȍȝ ǷȖȏȈȌȐ ȐșȚțȒȈȕȈ-ȒȘȖȒȖȌȐȓȈ ȊȐșȍȓȈ ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȒȈ Ȑȏ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȐ Ȉ ȕȈ
ȕȍȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔȐ ȕȐȚȒȈȔȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȣȠȐȚȖ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȗȚȐȞȣ ș ȖșȚȘȣȔ
ȒȓȦȊȖȔ
ǲȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȏȔȍșȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȝȘȈȔȍ Ȑ șȚȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ șȚȈȘȣȑ ǿțȟț șȚȈȓ ȋȖ-

189
ȊȖȘȐȚȤ ș ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȔ ȒȘȖȒȖȌȐȓȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȚȖȚ ȔȖȋ ȍȋȖ țșȓȣȝȈȚȤ Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȚȧ-
ȕțȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȘțȒȐ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǹȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ǾȊȈȒ ȊȖȚ Ȋșȍ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ șȗȘȖșȐȚȤ Țȍȉȧ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȉȖȋȈ, Ȑ ȚȊȖȍ-
ȋȖ ȉȘȈȚȈ ǻȘ-țȘȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȓȍȚȈȍȚ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȕȈȌ ȘȍȒȖȑ Ȑ ȖȚȌȣȝȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȚȊȖȍȑ șȗȐȕȍ
ȒȖȋȌȈ Țȣ șȗȐȠȤ Ȋ ȒȈȔȣȠȈȝ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ Ȕȣ șȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȔ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ǵȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ
ȗȘȐȠȓȈ ȊȍșȕȈ ȗȚȐȟȒȐ ȓȍȚȧȚ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȈ șȍȊȍȘ Ȉ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȕț ǩțȝȈȔȈȘ ȝȖȚȧȚ ȕȈȗȈșȚȤ
ȉȍȓȣȍ Ǵȣ ȗȘȖșȐȔ Țȍȉȧ ȗȖȌțȔȈȑ Ȑ ȗțșȚȤ ǻȘ-țȘ ȌȈșȚ ȕȈȔ șȖȊȍȚ
ǷȘȐ ȥȚȐȝ șȓȖȊȈȝ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȒȖȓȌțȕ ǿțȟț ȖȚȌȍȘȕțȓ ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȒț ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȈȝȖ-
ȌȐȓșȧ ȧȡȐȒ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȊȠȐȑ ȒȓȍȚȒț ǪȈȕȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȊȣșȖȒțȦ ȗȚȐȞț,
ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȕȖȋȍ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȗȕ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȗȚȐȞȍ ȕȈ ȍȍ Ƞȍȍ
ȊȐșȍȓȈ ȞȍȗȖȟȒȈ Ȑ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȈȧ ȍȔț ȌȖȡȍȟȒȈ ǲȈȒ ȕȐ țȎȈșȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ
Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȊȠȍȍ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ǪȈȕȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȚȤ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȘțȋȈ Ȑ
ȕȍ țȌȍȘȎȈȊȠȐșȤ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— ǻȘȒȈ
ǮțȘȈȊȓȤ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ǪȈȕȦ Ȑ șȖȘȊȈȊȠȐșȤ ș ȔȍșȚȈ ȗȖȌȓȍȚȍȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ƕȕ țȏ-
ȕȈȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȘȣȋȈȚȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ǪȈȕȐ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȗȖȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȧ ©țȘ-țȘª
ǺȖȋȌȈ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȒȘȐȒ ȗȖȚȘȧș șȚȍȕȣ șȈȘȈȧ ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ǿțȟț țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȑ
ȏȈȊȖȗȐȓ Ȋ țȎȈșȍ
— ǽȐȕȝȐȕȣ Ȕȣ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȍ ȖșȒȖȘȉȐȓȐ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȉȖȋȖȊ ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǽȖ ȧ ȥȚȖ ȊȐȎț
ȉȘȈȚ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ șȊȧȚȖȋȖ ǻȘ-țȘȈ
ǵȍȋȘȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȚȍȊȠȐȍ ȖȚȘțȉȐȚȤ ǪȈȕȍ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȖȗȘȖȒȐȌȣȊȈȧ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘț-
ȋȈ ș ȊȐȏȋȖȔ șȚȈȓȐ ȊȣȉȍȋȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ Ȉ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȧ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȖ Ȑ ȕȈȓȍȊȖ Țț-
ȔȈȒȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȖȚȐșȕțȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȊȣȝȖȌț șȗȈșȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȚȘȈȝȍ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ
ȊȖȏȓȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȘȖȒȖȌȐȓȈ ȖȌȕț Ȑȏ șȊȖȐȝ ȔȈȕȎȍȚ
XXXVII
ǽȞȜȟȪȏȎ Ȝ ȝȜȧȎȒȓ
ǰȏ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ-șȈȘȈȧ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȖȌȐȕ șȚȈȘȣȑ ǿțȟț ȓȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ ȞȐȕȖȊȒȍ Ǫ
șțȔȈȚȖȝȍ ȍȋȖ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȐȓȐ ǶȚ șȚȈȘȖșȚȐ Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȉȍȋȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȌȘțȋȐȍ
Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț ș ȖȗȈșȒȖȑ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȍȊ
ȕȈ ǪȈȕȦ Ȑ ȎțȘȈȊȓȧ Ƕȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ǪȈȕȧ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȍȚ ȔȍȌȕțȦ ȌȖȡȍȟȒț ȕȈ Ƞȍȍ
ȗȚȐȞȣ Ǭȓȧ ǪȈȕȐ Ȏȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ ș ǻȘȒȖȑ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ șȖ-
ȔȕȍȕȐȑ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ǻȘȒȈ — ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ ǪȈȕȧ ȧșȕȖ ȟȐȚȈȓ ȕȈ ȌȖȡȍȟ-
Ȓȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȦ ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȠțȚȒț ȗȈșȗȖȘȚȖȔ ȎțȘȈȊȓȧ șȓȖȊȈ ©ǻȘ-
ȒȈ ǩȍȓȈȧ ȉȈȠȕȧª ǭȔț ȎȐȊȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȐ Ȑ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȍ
șȗȐȟȒȐ Ȑ ǨȜȐȒ Ƕȕ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ȑ ȚȖ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ǻȘȒț ȏȈ ȊȍȓȐȒȈȕȈ
ǰȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȚȖȚ ȏȈȓȍȚȍȓ ȕȈ șȊȍȚ ȔȈȧȒȈ ǪȈȕȧ ȋȓȈȌȐȓ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ ȎțȘȈȊȓȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȈ-
ȘȐȊȈȓ ©Ǩȝ, ǻȘȒȈ ȔȐȓȣȑ ǻȘȒȈ ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȕȈȔ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ"ª
ǲȖȓȌțȕ ǿțȟț ȗȘȐșȓțȠȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȓ ǪȈȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ
ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȐșȒȐȊȈȚȤ
— ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǽȖ ǷȘȖșȚȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȓțȗȖȋȖ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ǿțȟț ȊȍȌȤ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ

Țȣ ȉȘȈȚ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȌȖȉȘȖȋȖ ȈȕȋȍȓȈ ǻȘ-țȘȈ ǵȍ șȍȘȌȐșȤ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ Ȑ ȕȍ
țȉȐȊȈȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ǹȒȈȎȐ Ȕȕȍ ȟȍȋȖ Țȣ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ ȊȐȕȈ ȓȍȗȍȠȍȒ Ȑȏ ȒțȒțȘțȏȣ ș ȌȐȒȐȔ
ȊȐȕȖȋȘȈȌȖȔ ȐȓȐ șȖȒȈ șȈȝȈȘȕȖȋȖ ȚȘȖșȚȕȐȒȈ" ȇ ȗȖȑȌț șȍȑȟȈș Ȓ ǨȉȐȉțȓȍ Ȑ șȒȈ-
Ȏț ȟȚȖȉȣ Țȍȉȍ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȐ ȗȐȚȤ Ȑ ȍșȚȤ
ǵȖ ǪȈȕȧ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȊȠȐȑ ȟȚȖ ǻȘȒȈ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȍȚ Ȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȚțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ǿțȟț ȗȘȐȕȍșȐ Ȕȕȍ ȟȍȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȉ Ȕȣ ȗȖȑȌȍȔ ș ǻȘȒȖȑ ȗȖȋțȓȧȚȤ
ǵȍ ȏȈȉțȌȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐȕȍșȚȐ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȕȖȎȐȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖȌȈȘȐȓȈ Ȕȕȍ Ǽțȟ-ȓȈȔȖ ȇ
ȖȚȒȖȗȈȦ Ȍȓȧ ǻȘȒȐ ȟȍȘȊȍȑ
ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȒȖȓȌțȕ ȗȖșȒȖȘȍȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȑ șȔȍȠȕȖ ȒȓȈȕȧȧșȤ ǻȘȒȍ Ȑ ǪȈȕȍ ȒȈȒ
ȉțȌȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȐȒȖȕȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȝȘȈȔȣȊȈȧ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘ
XXXVIII
ǮȏȖȏȡșȎ ȝȞȜȟȖȠ ȐȓȞțȡȠȪ ȓȑȜ ȏȞȎȟșȓȠ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǪȈȕȧ țșȓȣȝȈȓ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȌȐȒțȦ ȔțȏȣȒț ȕȍȋȘȖȊ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȧșȤ Ȓ șȈȘȈȦ ȉȐȓȐ Ȋ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȣ Ȑ șȊȐșȚȍȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȐȓȣ Ȋ ȒȈ-
ȔȣȠȖȊȣȍ ȌțȌȒȐ ǬȊȈ ȕȍȋȘȈ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȧȝ ȌȍȘȎȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȑ ȗȖȌȕȖș ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȓțȟȠȐȍ ȧșȚȊȈ șȚȘȈȕȣ ǩțȝȈȔȈȘ
Ǫ ȋȓȐȕȧȕȖȔ ȒțȊȠȐȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȓȐȚ ȊȐȕȖȋȘȈȌȕȣȑ șȖȒ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȓȖȔȚȐȒȐ
șȊȍȎȍȋȖ ȈȕȈȕȈșȈ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȒțȊȠȐȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȖ ȒȖȒȖșȖȊȖȍ ȔȖȓȖȒȖ ǵȖ
ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ǪȈȕȧ ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ țȊȐȌȍȊ ȟȚȖ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȓȍȗȍȠȒȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ȉȈȖȉȈȉȈ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȝȓȍȉȕȣȔ ȌȍȘȍȊȖȔ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȍȋȖ ȕȖȎȐȒ ǷȖȏȈȌȐ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ
șȚȖȧȓ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȘțȒț Ȑ ǪȈȕȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌ-
ȕȈ ȔȈȕȎȍȚȈ
— ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǽȖ — ȕȈȟȈȓ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ — ȗȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ ȒțȠȈȑ Ȑ ȗȍȑ șȒȖ-
ȓȤȒȖ Țȍȉȍ ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȋȕȍȊȈȑșȧ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȕȈ ȝȐȕȝȐȕȖȊ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȍ ȋȕȍȊȈȑșȧ ǺȖ-
ȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȖȠț Țȍȉȧ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȤ Ȕȕȍ ȊȏȧȚȤ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ ȔȖȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȉȘȈșȓȍȚ
ǪȈȕȧ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ ȔȈȕȎȍȚȍ ȊȈȓȧȊȠȍȑșȧ ȊȖȏȓȍ
ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȘȖȒȖȌȐȓȈ
— ǷȖȗȘȖșȐ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ ǾȊȈȒȈ — ȚȐȝȖ ȏȈȠȍȗȚȈȓ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ — ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȚȘȖ-
ȕțȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȐ șȍȑȟȈș ȕȐ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȕȐ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȐ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ
ǪȈȕȧ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ Ȑ șȔȍȓȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ ȔȈȕȎȍȚț ȖȚȕȍș ȍȍ ǨȉȐȉțȓȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȚ ȘȈ-
ȌȖșȚȐ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ șȊȖȍ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȐȍ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȊȐȏȎȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȘȖșȍȕȖȒ
ǪȈȕȧ Ȏȍ șȝȊȈȚȐȊ șȊȖȑ ȕȖȎȐȒ ȖȚȗȐȓȐȓ ȞȍȗȖȟȒț ȕȈ ȕȖȋȍ ǻȘȒȐ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȐȔ
ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘ
_____

191
XXXIX
ȁȞȘȎ ȑșȜȠȎȓȠ ȥȓȞȐȓȗ Ȗ ȟȜȏȖȞȎȓȠȟȭ ȟ ȟȖșȎȚȖ
ǵȍȋȘȣ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȐ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ țȋȓȖȊ ȝȐȎȐȕ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȧ ȒȈȒ ǪȈȕȧ Ȑ ǻȘȒȈ ȊȗȘȐ-
ȗȘȣȎȒț ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓȐ țȓȖȟȒț Ȑ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȓțȎȈȑȒȍ ǪȈȕȧ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȗȖȔ-
ȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ ǻȘȒȈ ȉȣȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȓȦȉȐȚȍȓȍȔ ȟȍȘȊȍȑ Ƕȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȒȖȗȈȚȤ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȕȖ-
ȎȐȒȖȔ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȖȓȋȐȝ ȚȘțȌȖȊ ȖȚȣșȒȈȓ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȟȍȘȊȧȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ
ǻȘȒȈ ș țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȏȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȓ ǬȍȓȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȓ ȊȍȟȍȘț Ȑ ȕȈ ȌȊȖȘȍ
ȉȣȓȈ ȘȈȕȕȧȧ ȊȍșȕȈ ǰȏ-ȏȈ ȓȍșȈ ș ȠțȔȖȔ ȗȘȖȕȍșȓȈșȤ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ șȚȈȧ
ȌȐȒȐȝ ȓȍȉȍȌȍȑ ǷȖȒȘțȎȐȊ ȕȈȌ ȓțȎȈȑȒȖȑ ȖȕȐ țșȍȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȕȖȟȍȊȒț ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȒȈ-
ȔȣȠȈȝ ț ȘȍȒȐ ǻȘȒȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȗȚȐȞ ȊȏȔȈȝȕțȓ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȕȈȌ ǪȈȕȍȑ,
șȓȖȊȕȖ șȖȉȐȘȈȧșȤ țȓȍȚȍȚȤ ǺȖȋȌȈ ǪȈȕȧ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȖ ȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ
— ǻȘȒȈ ǻȘȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȑ Ȕȍȕȧ
Ƕȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȔȈȝȈȚȤ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊșȧȟȍșȒȐ ȗȖȌȏȣȊȈȚȤ ǻȘȒț ǵȖ ȎțȘȈȊȓȤ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌ-
ȚȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ șȐȓț șȊȖȐȝ ȒȘȣȓȤȍȊ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȖȓȋȖȋȖ șȐȌȍȕȤȧ ȊȏȈȗȍȘȚȐ Ȑ
ȗȖȒȘțȎȐȊ ȕȈȌ ȓȍșȖȔ ș ȒȓȍȒȖȚȖȔ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ ț ȕȖȋ ǪȈȕȐ
— ǻȘȒȈ Țȣ șȖȉȐȘȈȍȠȤșȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȤ" — ȏȈȠȍȗȚȈȓ ǪȈȕȧ ȎțȘȈȊȓȦ — Ǻȣ
ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖ ȖȗȧȚȤ țȓȍȚȐȠȤ ȕȈ șȍȊȍȘ Ȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȔ ȉȘȈȚȤȧȔ Ȑ șȍșȚȘȈȔ ǬȈ"
ǹȒȈȎȐ Ȕȕȍ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Țȣ ȖȗȧȚȤ țȊȐȌȐȠȤ ǩȍȓțȦ ȉȈȠȕȦ Ȑ ȔȈȔț Ȑ ȗȈȗț Ȑ
ǨȜȐȒȈ"
ǵȖ ǻȘȒȈ ȓȐȠȤ ȚȖȗȚȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ ǪȈȕȦ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȔȐ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȔȐ ȌȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȖȝȓȖȗȣȊȈȓ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ
LX
ǵțȎȘȜȚȎȭ ȝȓȟțȭ
ǲȖȋȌȈ țȚȘȖȔ ǪȈȕȧ ȍȡȍ șȓȈȌȒȖ șȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȞȐȕȖȊȒȍ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȞȍ Ȗȕ țșȓȣȝȈȓ Ȋșȍ-
ȚȈȒȐ ȒȈȒ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȊȉȓȐȏȐ ȕȈȗȍȊȈȓ ȗȍșȍȕȒț Ȉ șȓȣȝȈȓ Ȗȕ ȍȍ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ
Ǽțȟ-ȓȈȔȖ — ȥȚȖ ȧ
ǲȘȈșȐȊȣȑ ȞȊȍȚȖȟȍȒ
ǫȖȓțȉȈȧ ȓțȕȈ
Ǵȕȍ ȏȈȊȐȌțȍȚ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ǪȈȕȧ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ șȗȐȕȖȑ Ȓ ȕȍȔț șȚȖȧȓȈ șȚȈȘȈȧ Ǽțȟ-ȓȈ-
ȔȖ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȘȐșȚȈȊȐȓ Ȓ ǪȈȕȍ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ Ȑ șȚȐȘȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȠȚȈȕȐȠȒȐ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ ȊȣȗȈȟȒȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȋȘȧȏȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȣȊȈȓ ș ȕȍȋȘȖȔ ȘȍȒț Ƕȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȌ-
ȉȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ȟȍȘȕȖȒȖȎȍȑ Ȉ șȚȈȘțȝȈ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȗȘȐȎȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț șȍȘȌȞț ǪȈȕȧ ȘȈș-
șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȑ ȖȉȖ ȊșȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ș ȕȐȔ ȏȈ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ƕȕ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ Ȑ Ȗ ȚȖȔ
ȒȈȒ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȍ ȕȖșȖȘȖȋȈ țșȍȓȈșȤ ȗȚȐȟȒȈ ©ȜȐª Ȑ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȇȘȣȋȈ ȌȖȓ-

192
Ȏȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȖȚȘțȉȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȏȌȍșȤ ǻȘȒț
— ǽȐȕȝȐȕȣ ȌțȔȈȦȚ — ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓ ǪȈȕȧ — ȟȚȖ ǻȘȒȈ șȊȧȚȖȑ Ȉȕȋȍȓ ȇ ȖȟȍȕȤ
șȔȍȧȓșȧ ȕȈȌ ȥȚȐȔ Ǽțȟ-ȓȈȔȖ ǪȍȌȤ ǻȘȒȈ ȎȐȓ ț ȕȈș Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ȥȚȖ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ
ȎțȘȈȊȓȤ
ǵȖ șȚȈȘȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— Ǻȣ ȍȡȍ ȋȓțȗȣȑ ǽȖ ȝȖȚȧ ȧ Țȍȉȧ Ȑ ȓȦȉȓȦ ǻȘ-țȘ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ — șȊȧȚȖȑ ȅȚȖ
— ȌȖȉȘȣȑ Ȉȕȋȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȍșȚȤ ȍȡȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ Ȉȕȋȍȓ ǾȊȈȒ Ƕȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȌȍȓȈȓșȧ Ȏț-
ȘȈȊȓȍȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȐȚ ȗȖ-ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȔț
— ǵț ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȠȤ Ǽțȟ-ȓȈȔȖ, — ȏȈșȗȖȘȐȓ ǪȈȕȧ — ǪȍȌȤ ȕȈ Ƞȍȍ ț ȔȖȍȋȖ
ǻȘȒȐ ȐȓȐ, ȒȈȒ Țȣ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȠȤ ȍȋȖ, ©ǻȘ- țȘȈª ȌȈȎȍ ȗȈșȗȖȘȚ ȊȐșȐȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȍȔț
șȌȍȓȈȓ ȔȖȑ ȗȈȗȈ ǽȖȟȍȠȤ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȐ șȈȔȈ
Ǽțȟ-ȓȈȔȖ c ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȐȍȔ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȍȓȈ ȕȈ ǪȈȕȦ Ȉ ȗȖșȓȍ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
— ǴȐȓȣȑ ǽȖ ǷȘȖșȚȐ ȟȚȖ ȧ Țȍȉȧ ȕȈȏȊȈȓȈ ȋȓțȗȣȔ ȇ ȊȐȎț ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȟȚȖ
ȚȊȖȑ ȗȈȗȈ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕȍ ȖȚȒțȌȈ Țȣ ȧȊȐȓșȧ
ǪȈȕȧ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ țșȓȣȝȈȊ ȥȚȖ ȕȖ Ǽțȟ-ȓȈȔȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȌțȔȈȓȈ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ
șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ ǪȈȕȦ Ȉ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȐȝȖȕȤȒȖ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ țșȓȣȝȈȓ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȍȔț
— ǽȖ șȓțȠȈȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȍșȕȈ Ȑ ǻȘ-țȘ, ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ, ȖȗȧȚȤ țȓȍȚȐȚ ȕȈ șȍ-
ȊȍȘ ȚțȌȈ ȋȌȍ ȎȐȊțȚ ȚȊȖȐ ȔȈȔȈ Ȑ ȗȈȗȈ Ǻȣ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ Ȕȕȍ Ȗ ȊȣșȖȒȖȔ ȌȊȖȘȞȍ
ȋȌȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȐȧȍȚ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Țȣ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȊȖȘȍȞ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ǩȍ-
ȓȖȑ ȉȈȠȕȍȑ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȔȈȧȒ Ǻȣ ȍȡȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ
țȔȍȍȚȍ ȗȐșȈȚȤ ȕȖ ȧ ȗȐșȈȚȤ ȕȍ țȔȍȦ ǿȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȧ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ
ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȝȖȚȧ Țȣ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ©ȕȍȔȖȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘª Ǩ ȍșȓȐ ǻȘ-țȘ ȏȈȓȍȚȐȚ
Ȓ ȊȈȔ ȕȈ ǩȍȓțȦ ȉȈȠȕȦ" ǵȍȓȤȏȧ ȓȐ Țȍȉȍ ȗȖșȓȈȚȤ ș ȕȐȔ ȗȐșȤȔȖ"
ǰ ȚțȚ ǪȈȕȍ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ ȕȈ țȔ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ Ƕȕ Ȋȏȧȓ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ șȊȖȑ
ȗȍȘȖȟȐȕȕȣȑ ȕȖȎȐȒ Ȑ ȊȣȞȈȘȈȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȈșȗȖȘȚȍ ǻȘȒȐ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ
©ǴȈȔȈ Ȑ ȗȈȗȈ ȧ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕȍ ǩțȝȈȔȈȘ ȋȌȍ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ. ǹȗȈ-
șȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ǪȈȠ ǪȈȕȧª
LXI
ǽȞȜȟȪȏȎ ǮȏȖȏȡșȩ
ǲȖȘȖȓȤ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ Ȑ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȒȖȓȌțȕ ǿțȟț ȗȘȧȟȈșȤ ȏȈ ȒțșȚȣ ȗȖȌȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ Ȑȏ-
ȏȈ ȏȈȉȖȘȖȊ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ ǪȈȕȧ ȊȣȘȍȏȣȊȈȓ ȕȈ ȔȍȌȕȖȑ ȌȖȡȍȟȒȍ ȕȈ Ƞȍȍ ǻȘȒȐ șȊȖȍ
ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȅȚȖ Ȑȝ ȍȡȍ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ ȕȈȗțȋȈȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ǪȈȕȧ ȝȐȚȘȣȑ
ȒȖȓȌțȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐȒȐȕțȓșȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȖȔ Ȑ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȔȖȎȍȚ
Ȑȝ ȗȖȋțȉȐȚȤ ǶȕȐ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȖȏȊȈȓȐ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ǪȈȕȍ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȐȋȘȈȓ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȍ ȏȈȉȈȊȓȧȧșȤ ȌȊțȔȧ ȟȍȘȍȗȈȝȈȔȐ
ǶȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȣ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ țșȍșȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ
ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȍȝȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖ ȌȊȖȘț
ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ Ȑ ǿțȟț ȕȐȏȒȖ ȒȓȈȕȧȧșȤ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ Ȓ ǪȈȕȍ ǲȖȘȖȓȤ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȚȈ-
ȒțȦ ȘȍȟȤ
— Ǵȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ǽȖ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ǻȘ-țȘț Ȑ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ

193
țȔȍȍȠȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ș ȕȐȔ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȧȏȣȒȍ ȕȖ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȍȡȍ ȊȣȘȍȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȈ ȉȓȍș-
ȚȧȡȍȔ ȒȘțȎȒȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȐșȐȚ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈ Ƞȍȍ Ǵȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȖșȐȔ Țȍȉȧ ȗȖȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐ ș ȚȊȖȐȔ ȉȘȈȚȖȔ ǻȘ-țȘȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȍ ȋțȉȐȓȐ șȚȘȈȕț ǩțȝȈȔȈȘ ǶȕȐ
ȝȖȚȧȚ ȍȍ ȏȈȊȖȍȊȈȚȤ ȖȚȕȧȚȤ ț ȕȈș Ȋșȍ Ȉ Ȕȣ șȚȈȕȍȔ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȔȐ
ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ǿțȟț ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ǪȈȕȍ ȕȈ ȓȍș
— ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȐ ǽȖ ȊȖȚ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȚȈȔ ȓȍȚȧȚ șȚȈȐ ȗȚȐȞ ȅȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȍȘȍșȍȓȧȦȚșȧ
ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ ȊȍșȕȈ ǶȕȐ ȓȍȚȧȚ Ȋșȍ ȕȈ șȍȊȍȘ ȋȌȍ ȎȐȊțȚ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ
ȋȌȍ ȎȐȊȍȚ Ȑȝ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȗȘȍȌȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȤ ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ Țȍȉȧ ȓȦȉȐȚ ȌȖȉȘȣȑ ǻȘ-țȘ Ȑ ȟȚȖ
Țȣ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȍȋȖ ȧȏȣȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȕȈș ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚ ǹȒȈȎȐ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ Ȗȕ ȗȖȓȍȚȍȓ Ȓ ȒȖȘȖȓȦ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȑșȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ țȔȍȍȚ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ ȗȖ-
ȘȖȠȒȖȔ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȦȡȐȔșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȓȕȐȦ
ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋșȍȝ ȥȚȐȝ Șȍȟȍȑ ǻȘȒȈ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȕȖȋȍ ȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ȕȈȌ ȒȘȣȠȈȔȐ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȐȏȒȖ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓ șȓȣȠȍȕ ȠțȔ Ȑ șȊȐșȚ ȒȘȣȓȤȍȊ
ȗȘȖȕȍșȓȈșȤ șȚȈȧ ȎțȘȈȊȓȍȑ ǰȝ ȋȖȘȚȈȕȕȣȑ ȒȓȍȒȖȚ Ȑ ȒțȘȓȣȒȈȕȤȍ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȗȍȕțȚȤșȧ ǻȘȒț Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȓ șȗȍȘȊȈ Ȓ ǪȈȕȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȘȖ-
ȒȘȐȟȈȊ ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ©țȘ-țȘª ȊȏȓȍȚȍȓ ȕȈȌ ȏȈȉȖȘȖȔ ȕȈȌ ȝȐȎȐȕȈȔȐ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȓșȧ ȕȈȌ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍȑ Ȑ ȉȓȍșȚȧ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ ȕȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȖȚȓȐȊȈȊȠȐȔȐ șȍȘȍȉȘȖȔ
șȚȈȓ ȌȖȋȖȕȧȚȤ ȐșȟȍȏȈȊȠțȦ ȊȌȈȓȐ șȚȈȦ
ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ Ȑ ǿțȟț ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȟțȌȖ Ȑ țȗȈȊ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ șȚȈȓȐ
ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȚȤ ǪȈȕȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ǻȘȒȈ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȍȑ ȍȋȖ Ȑ șȟȈșȚȓȐ-
Ȋȍȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȍșȚȤ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ ǰ, ȗȖȕȧȊ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȕȖȊȈ
șȖȊșȍȔ ȖȌȐȕ Ȋ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ ǩțȝȈȔȈȘ ǪȈȕȧ ȏȈȒȘȣȓ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȘȧȟȈ șȊȖȐ șȓȍȏȣ
LXII
ȅȠȜ ȒȓșȎșȜȟȪ Ȑ ȦȘȜșȓ
ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈ ȘȖȌȐȕȍ ǪȈȕȐ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ Țȣșȧȟ
ȊȍȘșȚ Ȋ ȗȓȍȕț ț ǨȉȐȉțȓȣ" ǷȘȖȠȍȓ ȊȍȌȤ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȋȖȌ ș ȚȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ
ȘȈȏȣșȒȐȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȍȋȖ ș ȊȍȘȕȣȔ ǨȜȐȒȖȔ ȕȈȠȍȓ Ȋ ȓȍșț ȊȖȏȓȍ ©ǩȈȉțȠȒȐª ǪȈȕȐȕț
ȒȕȐȎȒț Ǿȍȓȣȑ ȋȖȌ Ȋ ȔȈȔȐȕȖȔ ȒȖȔȖȌȍ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȒȖȘȖȉȖȟȒȈ șȖ ©șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȔȐ
șȗȐȟȒȈȔȐª Ȑ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȋȖȌ Ȋ ȠȒȖȓȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍȏȈȕȧȚȣȔ ȔȍșȚȖ ȕȈ șȒȈȔȤȍ ȋȌȍ
șȐȌȍȓ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȗȘȐȓȍȎȕȣȑ ǪȈȕȧ Ƕȕ țȟȐȓșȧ ȓțȟȠȍ Ȋșȍȝ Ȑ țȔȍȓ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȚȊȍ-
ȟȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ țȟȐȚȍȓȧ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȉȍȏ ȖȠȐȉȒȐ ȘȍȒȐ ȔȖȘȧ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȧ
ȘȍȌȒȐȝ ȗȚȐȞ ȏȊȍȘȍȑ Ȑ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ ǰ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ Ȕȣ șȍȑȟȈș țșȓȣȠȐȔ,
ȔȍșȚȖ ǪȈȕȐ ȕȈ șȒȈȔȤȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȕȧȚȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȐ ȕȖ Ȑ
țȟȐȚȍȓȤ Ȋșȍ ȕȈȌȍȧȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ǪȈȕȧ ȕȈȑȌȍȚșȧ
ǷȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ Ȑ ȠțȔ Ȑ șȔȍȝ Ȋ ȒȓȈșșȍ șȘȈȏț țȔȖȓȒȓȐ Ǫ ȌȊȍȘȧȝ ȗȖȧ-
ȊȐȓșȧ țȟȐȚȍȓȤ ȕȖ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ ǹ ȕȐȔ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȚȈȘȐȒ
ș șȍȌȖȑ ȉȖȘȖȌȖȑ Ȑ ȋȖȓțȉȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȊȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȗȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ ȕȈ ȔȈȓȤ-
ȟȐȒȖȊ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȝ ȖȟȒȖȊ
— ǯȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȑȚȍ ȌȍȚȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȊȝȖȌȧ țȟȐȚȍȓȤ — ǲ ȕȈȔ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ țȟȍȕȣȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȜȍșșȖȘ Ƕȕ ȘȈșșȒȈȎȍȚ ȊȈȔ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖȋȖ ȇ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ

194
țȟȐȓȐșȤ ȊȍșȤ ȋȖȌ ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ȕȈȟȕȍȚșȧ ȓȍȚȕȐȑ ȖȚȌȣȝ Ȑ Ȕȣ șȖȑȌȍȔșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȖșȍȕȤȦ Ǫȣ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȉȍȋȈȚȤ ȓȍȚȖȔ Ȋ ȓȍșȈȝ Ȋ ȗȖȓȧȝ ț ȔȖȘȧ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȒȈȒ
ȓȍȚȈȦȚ ȗȚȐȞȣ Ȑ șȓȣȠȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȦȚ ǵȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȉțȌȤȚȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ ȕȈȑ-
ȌȍȚȍ Ȋ ȓȍșț ȋȕȍȏȌȈ ȐȓȐ țȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȗȚȍȕȞȖȊ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȖȘȧȑȚȍ Ȑȝ ȕȍ țȉȐȊȈȑȚȍ ȥȚȐȝ ȔȈ-
ȓȣȠȍȑ ȕȖ ȓȦȉȐȚȍ Ȑȝ Ȑ ȓȦȉțȑȚȍșȤ ȐȔȐ ǶȕȐ ȚȖȎȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȕȣ ș ȊȈȔȐ șȖȏȌȈȕȣ
ǩȖȋȖȔ ț ȕȐȝ ȚȖȎȍ ȍșȚȤ ȎȐȊȈȧ ȌțȠȈ Ȑ ȚȖȎȍ ȍșȚȤ țȔ Ǩ ȖȉȖ ȊșȍȔ ȥȚȖȔ ȊȈȔ ȘȈș-
șȒȈȎȍȚ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ
ǻȟȍȕȣȑ ș șȍȌȖȑ ȉȖȘȖȌȖȑ șȍȓ ȏȈ șȚȖȓ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȠȒȖȓȤȕȐȒȈȔ Ȗ
ȎȐȏȕȐ ȗȚȐȞ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȑ ȖȘȍȓ Ȋ ȋȖȘȈȝ Ȑ ȗȈȘȐȚ ȕȈȌ ȉȍȏȌȕȈȔȐ Ȑ
ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȧȔȐ ȋȌȍ ȌȊȐȎțȚșȧ ȓȍȌȕȐȒȐ ȒȈȒ ȊȤȦȚ șȍȉȍ ȋȕȍȏȌȈ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȍȑ ȓȈș-
ȚȖȟȒȐ ȕȈ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ șȒȈȓȈȝ Ȉ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȓȈȒȖȔȧȚșȧ ȥȚȐȔȐ ȋȕȍȏȌȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȧȟȍȚșȧ
ȖȚ ȌȕȍȊȕȖȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ șȖȊȈ Ȋ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕȈȝ șȚȈȘȣȝ ȏȈȔȒȖȊ ȒȈȒ ȌȘțȎȕȖ ȎȐȊțȚ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȐȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ ȗȖȗțȋȈȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȏȖȊțȚ ©ȕȍȘȈȏȓțȟȕȐȒȈȔȐª ȒȈȒ ȒȓȈȌȍȚ Ȋ ȟțȎȐȍ
ȋȕȍȏȌȈ ȧȑȞȈ ȒțȒțȠȒȈ ȒȈȒ șȚțȟȐȚ ȌȧȚȍȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȒȓȦȊȖȔ ȗȖ ȌȘȍȊȍșȕȖȑ ȒȖȘȍ ȗȖ
ȏȊțȒț ȖȚȣșȒȐȊȈȧ ȟȍȘȊȧȒȈ ȒȈȒ ȕȣȘȧȍȚ ȉȈȒȓȈȕ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȗȘȖȗȓȣȊȈȧ ȌȍșȧȚȒȐ
șȈȎȍȕȍȑ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȝȘȈȕȐȚ ȗȍȓȐȒȈȕ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȏȖȉț ț ȒȓȦȊȈ ȗȐȡț
LXIII
ǼȘȜșȪȤȓȐȎțȖȓ
— ǵț, Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȍȚȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ — ȧ ȝȖȟț ȊȈș ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȒȖȍ Ȗ
ȟȍȔ Ǫșȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȈȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȌȖȓȋȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȐȏțȟȈȦ ȒȈȒ ȎȐ-
ȊțȚ ȗȚȐȞȣ ȒȈȒȐȍ ț ȕȐȝ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȕȍșțȚ ȧȑȞȈ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȍȘȍșȍȓȧȦȚ-
șȧ Ȋ Țȍȗȓȣȍ ȒȘȈȧ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȓȍȚȈȦȚ Ȓ ȕȈȔ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ ǵȈ ȌȊȖȘȍ țȎȍ ȊȍșȕȈ Ȑ ȒȈȎ-
Ȍȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȎȌȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȓ ȕȈȔ ȊȍȘȕțȚșȧ Ȑȏ ȏȈȔȖȘșȒȐȝ șȚȘȈȕ ȕȈȠȐ ȗȍȘȕȈ-
Țȣȍ ȌȘțȏȤȧ Ǩ ȖȕȐ ȕȈȠȐ ȌȘțȏȤȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȗȚȐȞȣ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȈȦȚ Ȕțȝ ȋțșȍȕȐȞ
ȊȘȍȌȕȣȝ ȟȍȘȊȧȒȖȊ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟ ȇ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ șȦȌȈ Ȓ ȊȈȔ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȔȖȘȧ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȖȓȋȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȓȍȚȈ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȗȚȐȞȣ ȉțȌțȚ ȖȚȌȣ-
ȝȈȚȤ Ǫȣ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȍșȓȐ ȏȈȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȓȖȊȐȚȤ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȚȐȞ Ǵȣ ȘȈșșȚȈȊȐȔ ș ȊȈȔȐ
șȐȓȒȐ Ȑ ȚȍȕȍȚȈ Ǩ ȏȈȟȍȔ — Ȋȣ șȍȑȟȈș țȏȕȈȍȚȍ ǻȟȍȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ
ȏȍȔȓȐ ȕȈȌȍȊȈȦȚ ȕȈ ȓȈȗț ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȚȐȞȣ ȒȖȓȍȟȒȖ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȟȒȍ ȖȕȐ ȗȐȠțȚ
ȌȍȕȤ ȔȍșȧȞ ȋȖȌ Ȑ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȐȓȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ Ȋȣȗțȡȍ-
ȕȈ ȕȈ șȊȖȉȖȌț ȚȈȒȈȧ ȗȚȐȞȈ Ǫ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ șȚȘȈȕȈȝ ȎȐȊțȚ ȌȘțȋȐȍ țȟȍȕȣȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ȓȖȊȧȚ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȚȐȞ ǶȕȐ ȖȚȔȍȟȈȦȚ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȏȈȗȐșȒȈȝ ȒȈȒ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȍȓȈ Ȑȏ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȔȍșȚȈ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȗȖȑȔȈȕȕȈȧ ȗȚȐȞȈ ǲȈȒ Ȏȍ ȖȕȐ țȏȕȈȦȚ ȥȚȖ" ǭșȓȐ ȕȈȗȘȐ-
ȔȍȘ ȗȚȐȞȈ ȊȣȗțȡȍȕȈ Ȋ ǨȜȘȐȒȍ Ȉ ȗȖȑȔȈȓȐ ȍȍ ȏȌȍșȤ ȔȖȎȕȖ țȏȕȈȚȤ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ
Ȍȕȍȑ ȖȕȈ ȓȍȚȍȓȈ șȦȌȈ ǷȖȕȧȓȐ" ǻȟȍȕȣȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȚȖȎȍ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȍȘșȚ ȖȚ ǨȜ-
ȘȐȒȐ ȌȖ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȘȖȌȐȕȣ ǪȖȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȍșȓȐ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȟȐșȓȖ ȊȍȘșȚ
ȕȈ ȟȐșȓȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȚȖ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚșȧ ȒȈȒ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȗȚȐȞȈ ǷȖșȓȍ — țȟȍȕȣȍ Ȋȣ-
ȗțșȒȈȦȚ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȦ Ǵȣ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȚȖȎȍ ȉțȌȍȔ Ȑȝ ȓȖȊȐȚȤ ȕȈȌȍȊȈȚȤ
ȒȖȓȍȟȒȐ ȟȍȔț ȧ ȊȈș ȕȈțȟț Ȉ ȗȖșȓȍ șȕȖȊȈ Ȑȝ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȚȤ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈȔ țȌȈșȚșȧ
ȗȖȑȔȈȚȤ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȓȈșȚȖȟȒț ȐȓȐ ȟȈȑȒț ȐȓȐ ȓȍȉȍȌȧ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȚȖȎȍ ȉțȌȍȚ

195
ȚȈȒȖȍ ȒȖȓȍȟȒȖ
ǹȓțȠȈȊȠȐȑ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤ ǪȈȕȐ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȌȘțȎȐȓȐșȤ șȐȌȧ
Ȋ ȠȒȖȓȍ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ șȒȈȔȤȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ țȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȓ ȗȘȖ-
ȜȍșșȖȘȈ
— Ǩ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȟȚȖ ȓȈșȚȖȟȒȈ ȔȟȐȚșȧ ȉȣșȚȘȍȑ ȟȍȔ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȏ?..
— ǬȈ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ — țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ — ǰ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȈșȚȖȟȒȈ ǰȏȊȍșȚ-
ȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȚȐȞȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȏȖȓȖȚȐșȚȈȧ ȘȎȈȕȒȈ, ȗȍȘȍȓȍȚȈȍȚ ǺȐȝȐȑ ȖȒȍȈȕ
ȗȖ ȗȘȧȔȖȑ ȓȐȕȐȐ Ȉ ȥȚȖ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȚȘȐ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȊȍȘșȚ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȕ ȌȍȓȈȧ ȖȒȖ-
ȓȖ șȚȈ ȊȍȘșȚ Ȋ ȟȈș ǷȘȐ ȗȖȗțȚȕȖȔ ȊȍȚȘȍ ȚȈ Ȏȍ ȗȚȐȞȈ ȓȍȚȐȚ ȍȡȍ ȉȣșȚȘȍȑ ȌȍȓȈȧ
șȚȖ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȊȍȘșȚ Ȋ ȟȈș ǶȉȣȟȕȖ ȏȖȓȖȚȐșȚȈȧ ȘȎȈȕȒȈ ȓȍȚȐȚ  ȟȈșȖȊ Ț ȍ ȉȖȓȤ-
Ƞȍ șțȚȖȒ ȉȍȏ ȗȍȘȍȘȣȊȈ ǵȖ șȈȔȣȑ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȗțȚȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȍȚ ȔȖȘșȒȈȧ ȉȍȘȍȋȖ-
ȊȈȧ ȓȈșȚȖȟȒȈ ȥȚȈ ȓȈșȚȖȟȒȈ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ Ȋ ȋȖȌ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȍȚ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȊșȍȋȖ ȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȠȈȘȈ
ǶȕȈ ȊȖȌȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȔ șȍȊȍȘȍ ǹȚȈȘȖȋȖ Ȑ ǵȖȊȖȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ Ȉ ȔȍșȚȖȔ ȍȍ ȏȐȔȕȍȋȖ
ȒȖȟȍȊȤȧ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȖȉȓȈșȚȐ ȦȎȕȖȋȖ ǷȖȓȧȘȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ
ǯȈȔȍȚȤȚȍ ȌȍȚȐ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȗȖȌȖȑȌȧ Ȓ ȒȈȘȚȍ Ȑ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ
ȕȍȍ, — ȟȚȖ ȗȚȐȞȣ ȓȍȚȧȚ ȗȖ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȔț ȗțȚȐ ǻ ȕȐȝ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȍșȚȤ șȊȖȐ ȌȖȘȖ-
ȋȐ ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȖȕȐ ȗȍȘȍșȍȓȧȦȚșȧ Ȑ ȒȖȟțȦȚ ǺȈȒ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȈȐșȚȣ Ȋșȍȋ-
ȌȈ ȌȍȓȈȦȚ șȊȖȐ ȗȍȘȍȓȍȚȣ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ ȥȚȖ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȘȐșțȕȒȍ ǶȕȐ ȓȍȚȧȚ Ȑȏ
șȍȊȍȘȕȖȑ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ Ȋ ǰșȗȈȕȐȦ ȖȚȚțȌȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ǫȐȉȘȈȓȚȈȘșȒȐȑ ȗȘȖȓȐȊ Ȋ ǨȜȘȐ-
Ȓț ǭșȚȤ ȗȚȐȞȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȧșȤ ȏȐȔȖȑ Ȋ ǭȊȘȖȗȍ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȏȈȗȈșȈȦȚșȧ ȏȈȋȘȈ-
ȕȐȟȕȣȔ ȗȈșȗȖȘȚȖȔ ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȉȍȒȈșȣ Ȑȏ ǸȖșșȐȐ țȓȍȚȈȦȚ ȕȈ ȏȐȔț Ȋ ǨȕȋȓȐȦ
Ȉ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȍ ȉȍȒȈșȣ ȗȍȘȍșȍȓȧȦȚșȧ Ȋ ǰșȗȈȕȐȦ ǪȍșȕȖȑ ȗȚȐȞȣ ȓȍȚȧȚ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ
ȟȍȔ ȖșȍȕȤȦ ǶȕȐ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ șȗȍȠȈȚ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȈȐșȚ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ
ȘȖȌȕȣȍ ȔȍșȚȈ ȊȌȊȖȍ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȖșȍȕȕȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȓȍȚȈ
ǵț ȕȈ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ — ǶȉȖ ȊșȍȔ ȥȚȖȔ Ȕȣ ȗȖȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȔ ȍȡȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉțȌȍȔ ȓȖȊȐȚȤ ȗȚȐȞ ǺȈȒ ȒȚȖ Ȏȍ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȏȈȕȧȚȤșȧ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȥȚȐȔ"
— șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ
ǲȈȎȌȣȑ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ șȖ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȔȍșȚȈ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȘțȒț
— ȇ ȝȖȟț — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ
— ǰ ȧ — ȗȘȖȗȐȡȈȓ ȟȍȑ-ȚȖ ȋȖȓȖș
— ǰ ȧ Ȑ ȧ — ȗȘȖșȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋȐȍ
ǷȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȏȈȗȐșȈȓ Ȋșȍȝ Ȑ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ Ȏȍ țȚȘȖ Ȗȕ șȖȉȍȘȍȚ Ȋșȍȝ
ȠȒȖȓȤȕȐȒȖȊ ȕȈțȟȐȚ Ȑȝ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȋȌȍ ȕțȎȕȖ șȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȐȓȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖȗȘȖȡȈȊȠȐșȤ Ȋȣ-
Ƞȍȓ Ȑȏ ȒȓȈșșȈ
LXIV
ǻȓȜȏȩȥȎȗțȩȗ ȡșȜȐ
ǻȎȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȠȒȖȓȤȕȐȒȐ ș ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȖȔ ȗȘȖșȐȎȐȊȈȓȐ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȌȕȐ Ȋ
ȗȖȓȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȓȍșț ȗȖȌȎȐȌȈȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȚȐȞȈ ȗȖȑȔȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȐȓȒȐ ǺȍȕȍȚ
ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȏȈȚȈȐȊ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ Ȑȏ ȊȣȏȊȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȚȤ
ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘț ȎȌȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȑȔȈȍȚ ȗȚȐȞț ș ȒȖȓȤȞȖȔ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȍ ǷȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ șȐȓȒȐ

196
Ȑ ȕȈ ȓțȋț ț ȉȖȓȖȚȈ ȋȌȍ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ ȒȈȔȣȠȐ Ȑ ȋȌȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȚȤ
ȗȘȐȓȍȚȈ ȌȐȒȐȝ ȋțșȍȑ țȚȖȒ ȓȍȉȍȌȍȑ ȞȈȗȍȓȤ Ȑ ȎțȘȈȊȓȍȑ ǷȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȗȖ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ ȖȉȝȖȌȐȓ șȊȖȐȝ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȗȚȐȞȍȓȖȊȖȊ ȚȐȝȖȕȤȒȖ ȉȍșȍȌȖȊȈȓ ș
ȕȐȔȐ țȟȐȓ, ȒȈȒ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȖȌȔȈȕȐȊȈȚȤ ȗȚȐȞ ȖșȖȉȣȔȐ șȊȐșȚțȓȤȒȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȗȕ
ȗȘȐȊȍȏ ș șȖȉȖȑ ǹȗȍȘȊȈ ȌȍȓȖ ȕȍ țȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȕȖ șȒȖȘȖ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȕȈțȟȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖȌȘȈ-
ȎȈȚȤ ȗȖȌșȊȐșȚț ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȌȘȖȏȌȈ ȒȘȧȒȈȕȤȦ țȚȒȐ ȊȖȘȒȖȊȈȕȐȦ ȋȖȘȓȐȞ Ȑ ȗȐșȒȓȐ-
ȊȖȔț ȊȣȒȘȐȒț șȚȘȐȎȍȑ
ǷȍȘȊȈȧ ȌȖȉȣȟȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȈ ǵȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ȓȍșȈ Ȋ șȐȓȒȐ ȗȖȗȈȓȈșȤ ȟȈȑ-
ȒȈ ȕȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȤȞȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓ ȍȍ ȕȈ
ȊȖȓȦ ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȉȍȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȌȍȚȐ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ț ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ șȖșȕȣ ȕȈ ȓțȎȈȑȒȍ ȘȈș-
ȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓȐ ȒȖșȚȍȘ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȐ șȍȉȍ ȊȒțșȕȣȑ ȖȉȍȌ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈ
ȓȖȊȓȦ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȘȖȏȌȖȊ Ȑ ȌȊȍ ȞȈȗȓȐ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȚȖȎȍ ȉȍȏ ȒȖȓȍȞ ȕȖ ȗȘȖȜȍș-
șȖȘ ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗȐȓ ȐȔ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ ©ȗȈșȗȖȘȚȈª Ȑ ȖȕȐ țȓȍȚȍȓȐ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ Ȑșȗțȋȍ ǵȖ Ȋ
șțȉȉȖȚț ȗȖȌ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȖȌȕȖȔț Ȑȏ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȖȊ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖȑȔȈȚȤ ȔȈȓȐȕȖȊȒț
ș ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȈȓȦȔȐȕȐȍȊȣȔ ȒȖȓȤȞȖȔ Ƕȕ șȚȘȍȔȋȓȈȊ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘț
ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ șȖȖȉȡȐȊ țȟȍȕȖȔț Ȗȉ țȌȈȟȍ Ǫșȍ șȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȕȈ ȓțȎȈȑȒț ȗȖ
ȏȊțȒț ȚȘțȉȣ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȈȓȖ ȐȓȐ ȟȈș ȖȉȍȌȈ ȐȓȐ Ȏȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȏȖȊȍȚ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ
ȅȚȖ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȖșȤ ©șȉȖȘȖȔª ǷȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ Ȋȣȕțȓ șȊȖȐ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȖȟȒȐ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȘȈȏȋȓȧ-
ȌȣȊȈȓ ȗȖȑȔȈȕȕțȦ ȗȚȐȞț Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȔȈȓȐȕȖȊȒȈ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȖȕȈ  Ȍȕȧ
șȌȍȓȈȊ ȗțȚȤ Ȋ  ȊȍȘșȚ Ț ȍ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȓȈ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ  ȊȍȘșȚț ș ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ǲȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȤȞȍ ȔȈȓȐȕȖȊȒȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȣȘȍȏȈȕȈ ȖȚȔȍȚȒȈ Ȑ ȍȍ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȕȈȗȘȈ-
ȊȐȓȐșȤ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ ț ȒȈȔȣȠȍȑ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȗȚȐ-
ȞȈ ȗȣȚȈȍȚșȧ ȊȣȘȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑȏ șȍȚȒȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȖȕȈ ȏȈȗțȚȈȓȈșȤ Ǫșȍ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȚțȌȈ
Ȉ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȑȏ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȊ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ
— ȅȚȖ ȎțȘȈȊȓȤ
ǷȚȐȞȈ ȖȚȉȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȖ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȓȖȊȒȖ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȍ ȏȈ ȓȈȗȣ ǵȖ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȕȐ-
ȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȤȞȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
— ǯȈȚȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȍșȚȤ ȔȍȌȈȓȤ ȕȈ Ƞȍȍ — țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȖ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ țȊȐ-
ȌȍȊ ȔȍȌȕțȦ ȒȘțȋȓțȦ ȌȖȡȍȟȒț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȉȖȓȚȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ Ƞȍȍ ȗȚȐȞȣ — ǰ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ
ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȕȈȌȗȐșȤ ǪȖȚ ȚȈȒ șȓțȟȈȑ — ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȊȈȓ ȐȏțȔȓȧȚȤșȧ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ
ǵȖ țȎȍ ȚȍȔȕȍȓȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȏȈȎȍȟȤ ȜȖȕȈȘȐȒ
— ȇ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȊȐȎț ȗȘȖȟȚȐȚȍ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ țȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȧ Ȋ
ȘțȒȈȝ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȎțȘȈȊȓȧ
ǷȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȊ ȜȖȕȈȘȤ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ ȗȚȐȞȍȓȖȊȖȊ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȓ Ȋșȓțȝ
«ǻȘȒȈ ǩȍ-ȓȈ-ȧ ȉȈȠȕȧ ǴȈȔȈ Ȑ ȗȈȗȈ ȧ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕȍ ǩțȝȈȔȈȘ ȋȌȍ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ
ȕȍȋȘȖȊ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ ǹȗȈșȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ǪȈȠ ǪȈȕȧ».
ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȗȍȘȊȈ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ
— ǩȍȓȈȧ ȉȈȠȕȧ" ǪȈȕȧ" — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ — ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȖȉȖȏ-
ȕȈȟȈȚȤ Ȉ"
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȋșȍ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓȐ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ
— ǬȈ ȊȍȌȤ ǩȍȓȈȧ ȉȈȠȕȧ — ȥȚȖ ȕȈȠ ȔȈȧȒ
— ǴȈȧȒ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ
— ǵț ȌȈ ȌȈ — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȖȊ — Ȉ ǪȈȕȧ — ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ

197
ȕȈȠ ȠȒȖȓȤȕȐȒ Ȗȕ ȎȐȓ ȕȈ ȔȈȧȒȍ, Ȋ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȔ ȋȖȌț Ȗȕ Ȑșȟȍȏ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ țȒ-
ȘȈȓȐ ȞȣȋȈȕȍ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȏȈȠȈȋȈȓ Ȓ ǩȍȓȖȑ ȉȈȠȕȍ ȌȍȘȎȈ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȖȑ-
ȔȈȕȕȖȋȖ ǻȘȒț Ȉ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȊȗȘȐȗȘȣȎȒț ȠȒȖȓȤȕȐȒȐ Ȑ ȕȈȗȍȘȍȉȖȑ ȘȈșșȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȓȐ șȚȈȘȖȔț țȟȍȕȖȔț ȒȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ ǪȈȕȧ
LXV
ǽȖȟȪȚȜ ȏȓȕ ȝȜȥȠȜȐȜȗ ȚȎȞȘȖ
ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȎȍȋ ȔȈȧȒ Ȑ șȖȠȍȓ ȊȕȐȏ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖțȎȐȕȈȚȤ ǪȌȘțȋ Ȗȕ
țșȓȣȝȈȓ ȏȈ ȌȊȍȘȤȦ ȌȍȚșȒȐȍ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȠțȔ ȚȖȗȖȚ ȕȖȋ ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ
Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȍȍ ȕȈșȚȍȎȤ
ǹ ȘȈșȒȘȈșȕȍȊȠȐȔșȧ ȓȐȞȖȔ ș șȐȧȦȡȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȏȈȗȣȝȈȊȠȐșȤ ȊȉȍȎȈȓ Ȋ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤ ǪȈȕȐ Ȑ șȖșȍȌ ȗȖ ȠȒȖȓȤȕȖȑ șȒȈȔȤȍ
ǹȉȐȊȈȧșȤ ȖȚ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ Ȗȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ
— ǹȍȑȟȈș Ȕȣ Ȑ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȚȈȔ ȕȈ ȓțȋț ȓȍȚȈȓȐ
ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ
— ǲȈȒ ȥȚȖ Ȋȣ ȓȍȚȈȓȐ"
— ǺȖ ȍșȚȤ ȕȍ ȓȍȚȈȓȐ — ȗȖȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ — Ǵȣ ȗȖȑȔȈȓȐ ȎțȘȈȊȓȧ ȕȈ
ȗȐșȤȔȍ
— ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ȊȏȌȖȘ Țȣ ȕȍșȍȠȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ
— ǬȈ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȖȚ ǪȈȕȐ — ȏȈȌȣȝȈȧșȤ ȊȣȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ
ǪȈȕȐȕȈ ȔȈȔȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ ȊșȗȓȍșȕțȓȈ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
ȗȘȐ șȓȖȊȈȝ Ȗ ȗȐșȤȔȍ ȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȌȍȘȎȈ ȗȖȌ
ȔȣȠȒȈȔȐ ǻȘȒț
— ǵȍ ȊȖȓȕțȑȚȍșȤ ȕȍ ȊȖȓȕțȑȚȍșȤ ȇ șȖ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȔȐ ȊȍșȚȧȔȐ ȊȈȠ ǻȘȒȈ șȓț-
ȟȈȑȕȖ ȗȖȗȈȓ Ȋ ȔȖȐ șȍȚȐ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȑ ȗȖȟȚȈȓȤȖȕ ȗȘȐȔȟȈȓ ȊȈȔ
ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȖȚ ǪȈȕȐ
ǹ ȥȚȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȗȘȐȋȕțȓ ȠȍȦ ǻȘȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȔȍȌȕțȦ ȌȖȡȍȟ-
Ȓț ȋȌȍ ǪȈȕȧ ȊȣȞȈȘȈȗȈȓ ȗȍȘȖȟȐȕȕȣȔ ȕȖȎȐȒȖȔ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȊ
— ȅȚȖ — ȟțȌȖ ȅȚȖ — ǩȖȎȤȍ ȟțȌȖ — ȏȈȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ ǪȈȕȐȕȈ ȔȈȔȈ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȊ ȖȚ
ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ Ȑ șȟȈșȚȤȧ Ǩ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ȑ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȐ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȕȈ Țȍ-
ȓȍȋȘȈȜ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȑ Ȑ ȗȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚȖȊ ȊșȍȋȖ ȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȠȈȘȈ ȖȚȣșȒȈȚȤ
ǪȈȕȦ
LXVI
ǸȎȘ șȓȠȭȠ ȕȐȡȘȖ
Ǫ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȋȌȍ șȐȌȍȓ ȌȍȎțȘȕȣȑ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐșȚ ȉȣȓȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ȚȐȝȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȗȖ-

198
ȒȖȑȕȖ Ȑ ȔȍȘȕȖ ȚȐȒȈȓ ȔȈȧȚȕȐȒ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȟȈșȖȊ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȍ ǹȚȘȍȓȒȐ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȌȊȐȋȈȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȗȖȓțȕȖȟȐ Ȑ ȖȚ șȒțȒȐ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐșȚ ȌȈȎȍ șȓȈȌȒȖ ȏȍȊȕțȓ Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȍ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȒȖȓȍșȖ ș ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ ȕȈȔȖȚȈȕȕȖȑ ȕȈ
ȕȍȋȖ ȓȍȕȚȖȑ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȏȈȏȊȖȕȐȓȈ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȚȘȍșȒ ȓȍȕȚȈ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ Ȑȏ-
ȗȖȌ ȒȖȓȍșȈ Ȉ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȒȖȓȍșȐȒȖ ȗȖȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȕȖ ș ȏțȉȞȈȔȐ șȚȈȓȖ ȗȘȖȉȐȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ
ȕȍȑ ȌȣȘȖȟȒȐ ǷȖ ȘȍȏȒȖȔț ȏȊȖȕȒț ȌȍȎțȘȕȣȑ țȎȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐșȓȈȕȕȈȧ ȌȍȗȍȠȈ
șȘȖȟȕȈȧ Ȑ Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓȍȌȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȔȈȠȐȕȖȑ
©ǺȘȐȒ ȚȘȐȒ ȚȘȐȒª — ȏȈȚȘȍȡȈȓȖ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȔȐ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȣȔȐ țȌȈȘȈȔȐ ȗȖ ȉț-
ȔȈȋȍ ȒȖȓȍșȐȒȖ ș ȏțȉȞȈȔȐ
©ǺȘȈȈȈȒ ȚȘȈȈȈȒ ȚȘȈȈȈȒ ȚȘȐȒ ȚȘȈȈȈȒª — ȗȖșȣȗȈȓȐșȤ ȚȖ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȚȖ ȒȖ-
ȘȖȚȒȐȍ ȏȊțȒȐ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȗȧȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ ȌȍȗȍȠȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȋȖȚȖȊȈ ǺȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐșȚ Ȋȣȕțȓ ȓȍȕȚț ȉțȔȈȋȐ
ǵȐ ȧ ȕȐ Ȋȣ — ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ǬȍȓȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȉțȔȈȋȍ ȊȐȌȕȍ-
ȓȐșȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȚȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȌȣȘȖȟȒȐ ȚȖ țȌȓȐȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȘȍȏȣ ǵȖ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦȡȐȑ șȊȖȍ
ȌȍȓȖ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐșȚ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȐșȈȚȤ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ ȓȍȕȚț ȉțȔȈȋȐ ǺȈȔ ȋȌȍ
ȉȣȓȈ ȖȌȕȈ ȌȣȘȖȟȒȈ Ȗȕ șȚȈȊȐȓ ȖȌȕț ȉțȒȊț ȋȌȍ ȌȊȍ — ȌȘțȋțȦ ȋȌȍ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȈȧ șȖ-
ȟȍȚȈȓȈșȤ ș ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔ ȘȈȏȘȍȏȖȔ — ȍȡȍ ȐȕțȦ
ǹȒȖȘȖ Ȑȏ ȉțȒȊ șȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐșȤ șȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈ-
ȗȐșȈȕȖ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ
©ǹȘȖȟȕȖ ȏȈȗȧȚȈȧ Ȋȕȍ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȐ ȚȖȟȒȈ ǰȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘț Ȑ ȒȖ-
ȘȖȓȦ ǪȍȓȐȒȖȉȘȐȚȈȕȐȐ ȚȖȟȒȈ ǷȘȖșȐȔ ǪȈȠȍ ǪȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ ǪȈȠȐ ȊȖȑ-
șȒȈ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕț ǩțȝȈȔȈȘ Ȑ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȤ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ǪȈȕȦ ȏȈȗȧȚȈȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȏȈȚȖȟȍȕȐȐ ț ȗȘȍȌȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȘȖȊ ǨȉȐȉțȓȣ ȚȖȟȒȈ ǪȈȕȐȕȣ ȗȈȗȈ Ȑ
ȔȈȔȈ ȚȖȟȒȈª
ǺȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐșȚ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ șȍȓ ȏȈ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȉȣșȚȘȖ-ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȚȤ
ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț Ȋ ȌȘțȋȐȍ șȚȘȈȕȣ ǴȈȠȐȕȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȚȘȍȡȈȓȈ ȏȊțȒ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓ ȗȖ ȔȍȌ-
ȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȒȍ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓ ȗȖ ȕȍȑ ȒȈȒ ȒȘȖȝȖȚȕȣȑ ȔȣȠȖȕȖȒ ȕȈȘțȎț Ȑ ȗȖȔȟȈȓ-
șȧ ȗȖ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȈȔ ǹȚȖȓȉȣ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȊȠȐȍ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȈ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ
ȕȐȔ ǯȊțȒ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȗȖșȓȍ ȔȖșȚ ȕȈȌ ȘȍȒȖȑ ȗȖȓȍȚȍȓ Ȓ
ȋȖȘȈȔ ȗȘȖȔȟȈȓșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȍȔȕȣȑ Ȑ șȣȘȖȑ ȚțȕȕȍȓȤ Ȉ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȈșȚȐȋȈȧ ȍȋȖ,
ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȐ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȏȊțȒȐ ȚȖ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȍ ȚȖ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ǵȐȒȈȒȈȧ ȗȚȐȞȈ ȕȍ ȌȖȋȕȈ-
ȓȈ ȉȣ Ȑȝ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȏȊțȒȐ ȓȍȚȧȚ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ ȗȚȐȞ Ǫ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȖȊ ȏȊț-
ȒȐ ȥȚȐ ȗȘȖȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȗțȚȤ ǷȍȘȊȣȑ ȏȊțȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȣȓȍȚȍȓ Ȑȏ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ
ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐșȚȈ ȗȍȘȍȓȍȚȍȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȓȧ Ȑ ȓȍșȈ ȚȧȕțȊȠȐȍșȧ ȕȈ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȊȍȘșȚ ȗȍ-
ȘȍșȒȖȟȐȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȕȍȋȖȊȣȍ ȋȖȘȣ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȖȓȐȊȒȖȊȣȍ șȈȌȣ ȊȐȕȖȋȘȈȌȕȐȒȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ Ȓț-
ȒțȘțȏȕȣȍ ȗȓȈȕȚȈȞȐȐ Ȑ ȗȖȗȈȓ Ȋ ǫȘȍȞȐȦ ǯȌȍșȤ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐșȚ-ȋȘȍȒ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ șȖȉȐ-
ȘȈȓșȧ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȋȈȏȍȚț Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ șȚȘȈȕȣ ǨȜȐȕȈȝ ȒȈȒ
ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈșȚțȟȈȓȈ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ Ƕȕ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ǯȊțȒȐ ȊȣȗȖȘȝȕțȓȐ
Ȑ ȗȖȓȍȚȍȓȐ Ȋ ǩȖȓȋȈȘȐȦ ȋȌȍ ȠțȔȍȓȐ ȋȖȘȕȣȍ ȘȍȒȐ Ȑ ȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȍ ȖȋȖ-
ȘȖȌȣ ǶȚȚțȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȗȍȘȍȉȘȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ Ǫȍȕț ȋȌȍ ȗȘȖȚȍȒȈȍȚ ȔțȚȕȖ-ȎȍȓȚȣȑ ǬțȕȈȑ Ȉ
ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȎȕȣȝ ȒȘȈșțȦȚșȧ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȣȍ ȌȊȖȘȞȣ ǨȊșȚȘȐȍȞ ȒțȘȐȓ șȗȖȒȖȑ-
ȕȖ ȜȈȘȜȖȘȖȊțȦ ȚȘțȉȒț Ȑ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȌȍȗȍȠȍ ǶȚȉȘȖșȐȊ Ȓț-
ȘȍȕȐȍ Ȗȕ ȏȈșȚțȟȈȓ ȕȈ ȔȈȠȐȕȍ Ȑ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȈ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓȈ Ȋ ǴȦȕȝȍȕȍ ȋȌȍ ȕȍȔȍȞ Ȋ
ȗȖȓȌȍȕȤ ȍȓ șȖșȐșȒȐ Ȑ ȗȐȓ ȗȐȊȖ ǷȖșȓȍ ȏȈȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȐ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȐ ȗȘȍȌȔȍșȚȐȑ ǷȈ-
ȘȐȎȈ Ȑ ȊȣșȖȟȈȑȠȈȧ ȅȑȜȍȓȍȊȈ ȉȈȠȕȧ ǰ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȈ ȗȘȐȔȟȈȓȈșȤ

Ȋ ǳȖȕȌȖȕ ǵȖ ȔȍȎȌț ǨȕȋȓȐȍȑ Ȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȒȖȔ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȔȖȘȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȓȐȊ ȒȖȚȖȏ-
Șȣȑ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ǳȈȔȈȕȠȍȔ ǲȈȒ Ȏȍ ȌȖȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȌȍȗȍȠȈ ȚțȌȈ" Ǩ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȈșȤ
ȚțȌȈ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ țȎȍ șȗȍȠȐȓȈ Ȋ ǨȜȘȐȒț ȕȈ șțȠȍ ȏȊțȒ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȗȖ
ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȒȈȔ țȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȉȈȝ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ Ȏȍ Ȑ Ȋ ǨȚȓȈȕȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȖȒȍȈȕȍ
Ȗȕ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȕȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȗȖ ȖșȖȉȣȔ ȗȘȖșȔȖȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȚȘț-
ȉȈȔ-ȒȈȕȈȚȈȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȒȈȉȍȓȧȔȐ Ȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȓȍȎȈȚ ȕȈ ȚȍȔȕȖȔ Ȑ ȝȖ-
ȓȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȝ Ȍȕȍ
LXVII
ȀȓșȓȑȞȎȚȚȎ ȘȜȞȜșȭ
ǨȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ șȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȚȍȘȘȈșȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ Ȋ ǨȜȘȐȒȍ Ȑ ȗȐȓ ȌțȠȐ-
șȚȣȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȟȈȑ — ȚȈȒ ȎȈȘȒȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ǪȌȘțȋ ȊȉȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȈȌȢȦ-
ȚȈȕȚ Ȑ ȏȊȧȒȕțȊ ȠȗȖȘȈȔȐ ȗȖȌȈȓ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓț ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț șȒȈȏȈȊ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȗȍȠȈ ȗȘȐ-
șȓȈȕȈ ȖȚ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȖȓȧ ǨȕȋȓȐȐ ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓ ȊșȒȘȣȓ ȍȍ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȊ Țȍȓȍ-
ȋȘȈȔȔț ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȖȚȌȈȓ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ
— ǵȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȏȊȈȚȤ ȊȖȑșȒȈ Ȓ ȉȖȍȊȖȑ ȋȖȚȖȊȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖșȈȌȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȈȊȚȖȔȖ-
ȉȐȓȐ Ȑ ȎȌȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǨȌȢȦȚȈȕȚ ȖȚȌȈȓ ȟȍșȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȚȤ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ Ȉ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ șȚȈȓ ȖȌȍ-
ȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȝȖȌ Ƕȕ ȕȈȌȍȓ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȗȖȓȖȚȕȧȕȣȑ ȠȓȍȔ ș ȒȖȏȣȘȤȒȖȔ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ Ȑ șȏȈ-
ȌȐ ȗȘȐȞȍȗȐȓ Ȓ ȗȖȧșț ȌȊȈ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȈ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȒȈȘȚț ȕȈȉȐȓ ȚȘțȉȒț ȚȈȉȈȒȖȔ
ȏȈȎȍȋ ȍȍ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ǵȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ țȎȍ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ șȉȖȘ ȚȘț-
ȉȈȟȐ Ȉ ț ȉȍȓȖșȕȍȎȕȣȝ ȗȈȓȈȚȖȒ ȗȖȌ ȉȖȑ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȖȊ ȊȣșȚȘȈȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȉȘȈȏ-
ȞȖȊȖȔ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȌȖȔȖȔ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȈ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȌȊȍ
ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȞȍȊȈȚȣȝ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ ǲȖȋȌȈ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȚȍȘȘȈșț ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ
ȒȘȐȒȕțȓȐ
— ǹȔȐȘȕȖ ȘțȎȤȧ ȕȈ ȒȈȘȈțȓ
ǬȊȍ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȖȒ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȓȐșȤ ȖȚ ȕȖȋ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȉȓȍșȕțȊ ȗȘȐȔȒ-
ȕțȚȣȔȐ ȠȚȣȒȈȔȐ ǪȖȑșȒȖ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȖ ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓ șȖȠȍȓ șȖ șȚțȗȍȕȍȒ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȐȓșȧ Ȓ
ȒȖȏȣȘȤȒț ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ©ǲ ȕȖȋȍª ǷȖșȓȍ Ȗȕ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ șȕȖȊȈ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȔ
ȏȣȟȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǹȖȓȌȈȚȣ Ǫ ȗȓȍȕ Ȓ ȕȍȋȘț ǨȉȐȉțȓȍ ȗȖȗȈȓ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ǪȈȕȧ ǵȈȠ ȐȔ-
ȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȈȔ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȤ ǬȈ ȏȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȍȚ ȕȈȠ ȐȔ-
ȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ
ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȐȓ șȕȖȊȈ ȘțȒț Ȓ ȒȖȏȣȘȤȒț Ȉ ȌȊȍ ȚȣșȧȟȐ șȖȓȌȈȚ șȓȖȊȕȖ
ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȘȖȕȍșȓȈșȤ ȉțȘȧ ȋȘȧȕțȓȐ ȚȈȒȖȍ ©țȘȈª ȟȚȖ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȊȌȈȓȐ Ȋ ȓȍșț ȖȚ ȐșȗțȋȈ
ȏȈȊȣȓȐ ȠȈȒȈȓȣ Ȑ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȣ
_____

200
LXVIII
ǿȠȎȞȩȗ ȅȡȥȡ ȚȜȓȠȟȭ
ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȒȖȓȌțȕ ǿțȟț ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ Ȕȣȓșȧ Ȉ ȍșȓȐ Ȑ ȌȍȓȈȓ ȥȚȖ ȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȘȍȌȒȖ Ȑ ȕȍȖȝȖȚȕȖ Ƕȕ șȟȐȚȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȘȖȒȖȌȐȓȣ Ȑ ȎȈȉȣ ȔȖȋțȚ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ
șȐȌȍȚȤ ȟȈșȈȔȐ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ ǰ ǿțȟț Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȗȖȒȘȣȓșȧ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȋȘȧȏȤȦ ȟȚȖ Ȗȉ
ȥȚȖȔ Ȕȕȍ șȚȣȌȕȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȐșȈȚȤ ǷȘȖșȕțȊȠȐșȤ țȚȘȖȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖȟȍșȣȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȖȚ-
ȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓ ȐȌȚȐ ȕȈ ȘȍȒț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȔȣȚȤ ș șȍȉȧ ȗȖȚ Ȑ ȋȘȧȏȤ ȘȈȏȢȍȌȈȊ-
ȠȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȎț ǲȘȧȝȚȧ Ȑ ȉȘȈȕȧșȤ Ȗȕ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖȗȓȍȓșȧ Ȓ ȘȍȒȍ Ȑ ȊȣȉȘȈȓ ȔȍșȚȖ
ț ȗȍȘȍȗȘȈȊȣ ȋȌȍ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȒȘȖȒȖȌȐȓȖȊ ȕȖ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ȚȈȒ ȔȍȓȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȌȈ ȌȖȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȊȖȘȖȉȤȦ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȖ ȒȖȓȍȕ
ǿțȟț șȚȈȓ țȔȣȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȘȈșșțȎȌȈȚȤ Ȋșȓțȝ
— ǪȖȚ ȧ ȚȈȒȖȑ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȧ țȔȕȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȍȚ Ȕȕȍ ȎȐȚȤ
ǵȈȠȐ ȝȐȕȝȐȕȣ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȉȣ țȉȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȔȍȝț ȕȖ ȧ — șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ Ȑȝ ȒȖȓ-
Ȍțȕ Ȑ ȟȈȘȖȌȍȑ Ȑ ȝȐȕȝȐȕȣ ȥȚȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȦȚ ȇ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȋț șȌȍȓȈȚȤ
ǯȌȍșȤ ǿțȟț ȌȈȎȍ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ ȖȚ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȧ
— ȇ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȐȚȘȣȑ ǬȈ ǰ ȖȟȍȕȤ țȔȕȣȑ ǰ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍȚ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȝȘȈȉȘȖȋȖ
ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ ȖȌȐȕ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕȍ ǩțȝȈȔȈȘ ȖșȔȍȓȐȊȈȦșȤ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȚȤ șȖ
șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ ǾȊȈȒȖȔ ǪȖȚ ȧ Ȑ ȉȍȓȣȝ șȒȖȘȖ ȗȍȘȍȝȐȚȘȦ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǽȖ
ȕȈțȟȐȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȗȖȘȖȝ ȧ
Ǫ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț șȚȈȘȖȔț ȝȊȈșȚțȕț ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȏȈ ȋȖȘȖȑ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ
șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȝȘȐȗȐȚ Ȑ ȠțȔȐȚ ȌȈ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ șȓȣȝȈȓ ȍȡȍ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ
©ǴȖȎȍȚ, ȥȚȖ ȏȓȖȑ ǫțȘț — ș ȐșȗțȋȖȔ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ șȚȈȘȣȔ ȕȍȋȘ — ǵȖ ȕȍȚ ǫțȘț
ȠȐȗȐȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȓȏȍȚ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȥȚȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ǾȊȈȒ"ª
ǬȘȖȎȈ ǿțȟț ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ țȊȐȌȈȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȟȍȋȖ Ȗȕ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓ ȏȈ ȊșȦ șȊȖȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǵȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ Ȋ ȖȉȓȈȒȈȝ ȗȣȓȐ ȓȍȚȍȓȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ
ȕȍ ȚȖ ȏȊȍȘȐ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȒȖȓȧșȒȐ ǶȕȐ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȖȕȐ Ƞț-
ȔȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ț ȕȐȝ ȉȐȓȖșȤ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ǫ șȚȘȈȝȍ ǿțȟț ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȉȍ-
ȎȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧșȤ ǵȖ ȔȟȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ Ȑ ȕȍȊȐȌȈȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȕȖȋȈȝ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȒȖȓȍșȈȝ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȋȕȈȓȐ ǶȚ țȎȈșȈ ǿțȟț
țȗȈȓ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋț ǿȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ Ȑȏ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȝ ȒȖȓȧșȖȒ ȉȍ-
ȎȈȊȠȐȝ ȉȍȏ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓȐ ȉȍȓȣȍ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ ǰȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ǿț-
ȟț ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȉȍșȗȖȓȍȏȕȖ ǰȏ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȈȊȚȖȔȖ-
ȉȐȓȧ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ Ȉ ș ȕȐȔ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȟȐȒ ǹȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐ-
ȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ ǿțȟț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȚȘȧșșȧ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ Ȑ ȊȈȓȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ țȔȖȓȧȧ ȕȍ
țȉȐȊȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ǵȖ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ șȚȘȖȋȖ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— ǵț Țȣ ȕȍ ȓȖȔȈȑșȧ ǲȚȖ Țȣ ȚȈȒȖȑ"
ǿțȟț ȕȈȟȈȓ ȕȐȏȒȖ ȒȓȈȕȧȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȟȐȒț
— ǷțșȚȤ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȊȖȎȌȤ ȕȍ șȍȘȌȐȚșȧ ǩȍȓȣȑ ȊȖȎȌȤ ȗțșȚȤ ȕȍ țȉȐȊȈȍȚ ǿțȟț ȇ
ǿțȟț ȧ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕȍ ǩțȝȈȔȈȘ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒ
— ǳȈȌȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ — Ǩ ȋȌȍ ȏȌȍșȤ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȊȖȘ ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
țȒȘȈȓ Ȑ ȌȍȘȎȐȚ ȊȏȈȗȍȘȚȐ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ǪȈȕȦ"
ǿțȟț ȗȖȕȧȓ ȏȈȟȍȔ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ Ȑ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȖȓȌȈȚ

— Ǩ ȥȚȖ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȊȖȎȌȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȔ ǽȖ" ǬȈ" ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǽȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȝȐȚȘȣȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȐȚȘȣȑ Ȑ țȔȕȣȑ
ǵȖ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ ȕȍ șȚȈȓ șȓțȠȈȚȤ ȉȖȓȚȖȊȕȦ ȗȍȘȍȚȘțșȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȒȖȓȌțȕȈ Ȑ Ȋȍȓȍȓ șȍȑ-
ȟȈș Ȏȍ ȊȍșȚȐ ȍȋȖ Ȓ ǪȈȕȍ ǹȚȈȘȣȑ Ȏȍ ȒȖȓȌțȕ ȘȍȠȐȓ Ȋ țȔȍ ȟȚȖ ǪȈȕȧ ȖȚȖșȓȈȓ ǻȘ-
țȘȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ș ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȗȐșȤȔȖȔ ȟȍȔ ȖȕȐ ȌțȔȈȓȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ǨȉȐȉțȓȖȑ
LXIX
 ȐȩȟȠȞȓș
ǷȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȍȡȍ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȝȐȕȝȐȕȣ țȊȐȌȍȊ ȟȚȖ ȉȍ-
ȓȣȍ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ Ȑ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ ȕȍșțȚșȧ Ȓ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ ȕȈ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȧȝ țȌȐȘȈȓȐ Ȋ ȓȍș ș ȚȈ-
ȒȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ ȟȚȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ Ȋ ȠȈȓȈȠȈȝ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȘțȌ-
ȕȣȍ ȌȍȚȐ Ȑ șȚȈȘțȝȐ
ǨȉȐȉțȓȈ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȝȊȈșȚțȕȖȔ ȟȍȔ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȑ ǿțȟț Ȑ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ
șȗȘȧȚȈȓșȧ ȗȖȌ ȒȖȘȣȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ ǪȈȕȧ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȟȍȘȕȖȒȖȎȐȍ șȗȈșȈȧșȤ ȗȖ-
ȏȈȉȣȓȐ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȚȘȐ Ȍȕȧ ǪȈȕȧ ȗȍȘȍȖȌȍȚȣȑ Ȋ ȕȖȊȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȒȖșȚȦȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȍȔț ȕȈ-
șȒȖȘȖ șȠȐȓ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȘȚȕȖȑ ȊșȝȖȌȐȓ ȗȖ ȚȘȈȗț ȕȈ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȘȍȑ-
șȍȘ Ƕȕ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȕȈ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ ȕȖȎȐȟȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖȌȈȘȐȓȈ ȍȔț Ǽțȟ-ȓȈ-
ȔȖ Ȑ ȘțȟȕțȦ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒț — ȗȖȌȈȘȖȒ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȈ ǶȕȈ țȔȍȓȈ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ-
șȧ ȕȈȊȣȚȧȎȒț Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȟȍșȚȤ ǲȘȍȑșȍȘ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȈȘȈȝ
ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ ǩȍȓȖȑ ȉȈȠȕȍ Ȉ Ȋ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ țȎȍ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȘȈȕȈȝ ȗȐșȈȓȐ Ȗ ȘțșșȒȖȔ
ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȍȋȘȣ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ǽȖ ǷȖșȓȍ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ ȕȍȌȍȓȤ ȗțȚȐ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȕȈ
ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȉȍȓȈȧ ȚȖȟȒȈ ǶȕȈ șȚȈȓȈ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋșȍ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ǩȍȓȈȧ ȉȈȠȕȧ ǲȘȍȑșȍȘ ȘȈșșȍȒȈȧ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȓȍȚȍȓ
ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȈȘȈȝ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ ǪȈȕȧ țȏȕȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȐ șȊȖȦ ȔȈȔț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ ȖȚ
șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ-ȚȈȒȐ ǪȈȕȧ ȖȚȣșȒȈȓșȧ ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ șȚȖȧȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȕȍȦ Ȉ ȊȍȘ-
ȕȣȑ ǨȜȐȒ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȊȏȉȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ șȝȖȌȕȐ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȗȘȣȋȈȧ ȖȉȓȐȏȣȊȈȚȤ ǪȈȕȐȕȣ ȘțȒȐ
ǪȈȕȦ ȖșȣȗȈȓ ȗȖȞȍȓțȧȔȐ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȒȚȖ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȤ Ȉ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ Ȋșȍ
ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȣȓ ȍȋȖ ȝȖȚȧ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ șȗȍȘȊȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ șȊȖȐȔ
ȋȓȈȏȈȔ — ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȊȣȘȖș ȏȈ ȋȖȌ Ȑ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓ ȗȖȌ ȏȕȖȑȕȣȔ ȈȜȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȔ șȖȓȕȞȍȔ
Ǫ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȔȍȘȒȈȓȖșȤ ǲȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȊ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ǪȈȕȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȌȖȊȍȓȖșȤ șȓțȠȈȚȤ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǵț ǪȈȕȧ ȗȖȘȈ ȏȈȎȐȋȈȚȤ ȔȈȧȒ
ǪȈȕȧ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȚȤ șȗȐȟȒȐ ȕȖ ȍȋȖ ȔȈȔȈ țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈ ȒȖȔȖȌ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȌȖȏȊȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ǫ ȕȍȔ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȚȈ Ȏȍ șȈȔȈȧ șȗȐȟȍȟȕȈȧ ȒȖȘȖȉȖȟȒȈ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȉȖȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ȋȖȌȈ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ǪȈȕȧ ȏȈȎȍȟȤ șȊȍȚ ȕȈ ǩȍȓȖȑ ȉȈȠȕȍ ǪȍșȤ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ȋșȧ șȚȘȈ-
ȕȈ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȔȈȧȒ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȎȐȋȈȍȚ ǪȈȕȧ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ ȒȘȍȑșȍȘ
ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȔȐȔȖ șȐȧȊȠȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȔȈȧȒȈ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ Ȋȍȓȍȓ Ȋ ȟȍșȚȤ ǪȈȕȐ
ȌȈȚȤ  ȊȣșȚȘȍȓ Ȑȏ ȗțȠȍȒ

ǿȀǶȃǼȀǰǼǾǳǻǶȍ

203
ǰ ǱǼǾǼǲǿǸǼǺ ǿǮǲȁ
Le roi est mort! Vive le roi!
ǵȍȗȘȈȊȌȈ ǻȔȍȘ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ ȊȖȐșȚȐȕț țȔȍȘ«
1.
Ǫ ȖȘȒȍșȚȘȍ ȗȘȐȟȐȚȣȊȈȍȚ ȋȖȉȖȑ ȔȍȓȈȕȝȖȓȐȟȕȖ
Ƕ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȝ țȋȈșȠȐȝ ȠȍșȚȤ ȓȍȚ
Ǩ șțȔȍȘȒȐ șȢȍȎȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȒȓțȔȉȈȝ ȒȈȒ ȗȚȐȟȒȈ
Ǫ ȚȍșȕȖȑ Ȑ ȏȈȔȒȕțȚȖȑ ȒȓȍȚȒȍ
Ǫ ȖȘȒȍșȚȘȍ ȒȖȔț-ȚȖ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ Ȑ șȒțȟȕȖ
ǶȚȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȊșȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȊȍȏȌ
ǰ șȚȈȘȈȧ ȉȈȓȓȈȌȈ ȕȈȐȏțșȚȤ șȔȣȟȒȖȔ ȐȏțȟȍȕȈ«
Ƕ ȗȓȈȟȤ Ȑ șȒțȓȐ, ȒȖȕșȒȐȑ ȝȊȖșȚ
ǪȐȖȓȖȕȟȍȓȐ ȋțȌȧȚ ȊȖȏȔțȡȈȧșȤ Ȑ ȝȕȣȟȈ
ǰ ȚȖȗȖȘȡȐȚșȧ șȒȊȍȘȕȖ șȠȐȚȣȑ ȜȘȈȒ ȌȐȘȐȎȍȘȈ
ǴȍȓȈȕȝȖȓȐȟȕȖ ȋȖȉȖȑ Ȗ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȝ ȗȘȐȟȐȚȣȊȈȍȚ
ǲȖȔț-ȚȖ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ Ȑ șȒțȟȕȖ ȖȚ ȊȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȊȏȌȖȘȈ
ǴțȏȣȒȈ ȔțȏȣȒȈ Ǩ Ȋ ȋȈȏȍȚȍ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȍȑ ȒȘȈșțȍȚșȧ
ǿȚȖ ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȑ ȔȐȒȈȌȖ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȖȓȍȕ«
ǩȍȌȕȣȑ ȔȐȒȈȌȖ ǲȚȖ șȗȖȍȚ Țȍȉȍ ȈȓȓȐȓțȑȦ"
ǵȈȠȐ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȐȏȎȍȊȈȕȣ șȒȊȖȏȕȧȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȔȖȓȤȦ
ǴțȏȣȒȈ ȔțȏȣȒȈ Ǩ ȕȈ ȖȒȘȈȐȕȈȝ șȐȜȐȓȐș
ǰȏȋȘȣȏ ȒȈȒ ȘȎȈȊȟȐȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȐȒȐ ȌȍȊȖȟȍȒ
ǰ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȍȕȒȈȝ Ȑȝ ȕȖȟȐ Ȑ ȚȍȔȐ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȓȐșȤ
Ǫ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȍ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȐ Ȋ ȕȍȔȖȟȐ
ǴțȏȣȒȈ ǴțȏȣȒȈ ȚȧȕȍȚșȧ ȊȏȌȖȝȖȔ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȐ
ǲ ȕȍȉț ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȊȣȗȈȓ ȊȍȟȍȘ – ȗȖȌșȚȘȍȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȖȓțȉȤ
ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȐȏȎȍȊȈȕȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȧ ȐȏȔȧȓȈ
ǰ ȕȈ ȘȍșȕȐȞȈȝ ȗȈțȚȐȕȣ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȋȐ
2.
ǴțȌȘȍȞȣ-ȒȕȐȋȖȟȍȐ ȠȈȘȓȈȚȈȕȣ-ȈșȚȘȖȓȖȋȐ
ǹȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȏȍ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȗȓȈȟȍȚ Ȗ șȔȍȘȚȐ
Ƕ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȔȖȍȑ Ȑ ȔȐȒȈȌȖ Ȗ ȏȖȓȖȚȍ
ǴȖȍȑ ȦȕȖșȚȐ ȖȉțȋȓȐȊȠȍȑșȧ ȒȈȒ ȊȍȘȚȍȓ
Ǫ ȟȈȌț ȕȍȌȍȓȤ Ȑ ȋȖȌȖȊ Ȑ ȌȍșȧȚȐȓȍȚȐȑ«

204
Ǵȣ ȉȤȍȔșȧ Ǵȣ ȗțȚȈȍȔșȧ Ȋ ȗȓȍȕț ȗȍȚȍȓȤ
Ƕ ȕȍ ȕȈȔ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȈȑȕȖȑ ȉȣȚȤ Ȋ ȖȚȊȍȚȍ
3.
Ǵȣ șȐȌȐȔ ȕȈ șȒȈȔȍȍȟȒȍ ș ȔȖȐȔ ȌȘțȋȖȔ
Ƕȕ țȊȍȘȧȍȚ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ — șȒȈȒȖȊȣȍ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ
ǿȚȖ ȕȈȔ ȌȈȌțȚ ȌȖȗȐȕȋȈ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȏȈșȒȈȟȍȔ ȗȖ ȒȘțȋț
ǵȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȦ șȒȖȘȍȑ Ȕȣ — ȒȈȓȖȠȐ«
ǵȈ ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ șȒȈȔȍȍȟȒȍ Ȋ ȌȍȚșȚȊȍ ȕȍȚ Ȋ ȦȕȖșȚȐ
Ǵȣ ȊȍȘȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȌȕȐ țȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȣ Ȍȓȧ ȎȈȚȊȣ
ǩȖȋȈȚȖȑ Ȑ ȕȍțșȚȈȕȕȖȑ Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ ȗȓȦȕțȚȤ
ǷȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȐșșȖȝȓȖ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ ȊȈȚȕȣȔ
Ǫ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ șȈȌț ț ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ șȒȈȔȍȍȟȒȐ
ǹȔȍȧȓșȧ ȖȘȒȍșȚȘ ȊȣȏȊȈȕȐȊȈȓ Ȋȍșȕȣ
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȓȤ ȒȕȐȋȖȟȍȐ"
Ǩ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȏȈȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȗțșȚȣȍ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ«
ȇ șȐȎț ȕȈ șȒȈȔȍȍȟȒȍ ș ȟȈȝȖȚȖȟȕȣȔ ȌȘțȋȖȔ
ǹ țȊȧȌȠȐȔȐ ȘȖȏȈȔȐ Ȋ țșȚȈȊȠȐȝ șȍȘȌȞȈȝ«
ǰ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȕȍ ȏȈȚȘțȉȐȚ
ǶȗȘȖȒȐȕțȊ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȔȐ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ șȚȘȈȝ
Ƕȕ ȕȖșȐȚ ȗȍȟȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȈȝ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȕȣȝ ȋȖȌȐȕ
ȇ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȦ țȉȖȘ Ȑ șȓȖȊȈ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ Țȣșȧȟ
Ǵȣ ȐȌȍȔ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȔ Ȉ ȊȖ ȘȚț ȋȐȓȤȖȚȐȕ
ǵȈȠȐȝ șȍȘȌȍȞ ȕȐȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȊȣșȐȠȤ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ șȊȖȍ ȐȔȧ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȧșȤ ȗȖȘțȟȐȒ
Ǫ ȉȖȓȖȚȈȝ ǷȖȓȍșȤȧ Ȋ ȚȦȘȤȔȍ Ȑ ȋȖșȚȐȕȣȝ«
ǵȈȠ ȎȘȍȉȐȑ ȗȖșȚȣȓ Ȑ ȌȖ ȖȌțȘȐ șȒțȟȍȕ
ǴȖȚȐȊ ȖȒȈȘȐȕȣ* ȋȕțșȈȊȣȑ Ȑ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ
ǰ țȔȖȓȒȕțȊ ȎțȍȔ țȗȘȍȒȐ Ȑ ȕȈȠȍ ȉȍșșȐȓȤȍ
Ǩ ȖȘȒȍșȚȘ ȗȘȐȟȐȚȣȊȈȍȚ Ȗ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȝ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȍȔ
ǵȈȔ ȟțȎȌȖ ȕȍȉȖ ȏȈȞȊȍȚȈȦȡȍ-șȐȕȍȍ
Ǩ ȚȘțȉȣ ȖȏȓȖȉȓȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȌ ȋȘțșȚȤȦ ȝȖȝȖȟțȚ
4.
Ǫ ȖȘȒȍșȚȘȍ ȗȖȍȚ ȋȖȉȖȑ ȔȍȓȈȕȝȖȓȐȟȕȖ
Ƕ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȔțȟȈȍȚșȧ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȌȍȊȐȟȤȍ
ǹȋȖȘȍȊȠȍȍ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȕȒȈȧ șȗȐȟȒȈ
* Ƚɥɢɧɹɧɚɹ ɫɜɢɫɬɭɥɶɤɚ ɉɪɢɦ ɚɜɬ.).

205
ǻȠȍȌȠȍȍ ȏȌȍȠȕȍȍ ș ȊȍȚȝȐȔ ȖȉȓȐȟȤȍȔ
ǸțșȈȧ ș ȊȍȚȒȖȑ ȔȈșȓȐȕ ǩȍȈȚȘȐȟȍ
Ǫ ȓȐȓȖȊȖȔ ȒȈȗȖȚȍ țȊȧȌȠȍȔ ȖȚ ȏȕȖȧ
Ǫ ȌȖȔȍ ȕȈ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȎȕȖȑ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ȒȐȘȗȐȟȕȖȔ
ǹ ȉȈȓȒȖȕȖȔ ȋȓȈȏȍȦȡȐȔ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ
Ƕ ȉȍȌȕȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ, Ȋ ȕȖȟȐ țșȚȈȓȈȧ
ǷȖȌțȠȒț ȐȏȔȧȊ Țȣ Ȋ ȐșȚȖȔȍ ȞȍȓțȍȠȤ
ǴȍȟȚȈȑ Ȗ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȐ ȗȣȠȕȖȋȖ ȉȈȓȈ
ǴȍȟȚȈȑ Ȗ ȔȐȋȘȍȕȐ ǰ Țȍȉȍ — ȈȓȓȐȓțȑȧ
Ǻȍȉȍ Ȑ ȔȐȒȈȌȖ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȗȖȘțȟȐȒț
ǶȘȒȍșȚȘț Ȑ ȊȍȟȍȘț Ȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȔ țȋȈșȠȐȔ
ǻȋȈșȠȐȔ ȠȍșȚȤ ȓȍȚ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȒȈȒ ȐȏȔțȟȍȕȖ
ǺȍȓȖ ǸȖșșȐȐ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȍȕșȒȐȔ ȔȈȘȠȍȔ
ǷȖȑȚȍ șȊȐșȚȐȚȍ Ȑ ȗȓȈȟȤȚȍ ȖȘȒȍșȚȘȣ
ǹȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ȘȣȌȈȍȚ ȗȓȍȟȖ ȌȐȘȐȎȍȘȈ
ǹ ȔȈȕȐȠȒȐ șȓȍȏȐȚșȧ ȉȍȏțȌȍȘȎȕȖ ȒȓȍȑșȚȍȘ
ǰ ȔȖȓȕȐȐ ȚȘțȉ ȗȖȚȘȧșȈȦȚ șȖȉȖȘȣ
ǲȈȟȈȦȚșȧ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ ȘȍȒȐ ȐșșȖȝȕțȊ ȖȝȘȐȗȓȐ
ǹȓȖȕȣ ȖȉȍȏțȔȍȊ ȊȓȦȉȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȔțȏȍȐ
Ǩ ȌȍȚȐ ȗȖȊȣȌȘȈȊ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȣ Ȑȏ ǩȐȉȓȐȑ
ǹȖȎȋȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȗșȈȓȔȣ ȕȈ ȗȍȗȍȓ ȋȓȈȏȍȧ
ǲȘȐȟȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ țȔȍȘ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ ȕȍ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȕțȊ
ǻȔȍȘ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ ȊȖȐșȚȐȕț țȔȍȘ«
ǰ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ țȋȈșȠȐ șȒȈȚȐȓȐșȧ Ȋ ȉȍȏȌȕț
ǲȘȍȗȒȖ șȒȖȓȖȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȐȏȌȈȊȕȈ ȚȦȘȍȔ
ǪȍȟȕȈȧ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ ȦȕȖșȚȐ ȕȈȠȍȑ
ǪȍȟȕȈȧ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ ȋȍȘȖȧȔ Ȑ ȚȘțșȈȔ
ǰȝ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȕȈȗȖȧȍȚ ȉȖȘȖȏȌȣ ȗȈȠȍȕȤ
ǿȚȖȉ ȘȖȎȤ ȏȈȠțȔȍȓȈ ȕȍȎȕȣȔȐ ȉțșȈȔȐ
ǲȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȐȏȌȖȝȕȍȔ Ȑ ȕȈș ȗȖȏȈȉțȌțȚ
ǹ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȉȍȏ ȓȐȞȈ ș ȗȖȞȍȓțȍȔ ǰțȌȣ
ǲȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȐșȚȓȍȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȊȖ ȗȖȓȍ ȒȓȧȟȈ«
ǶȘȒȍșȚȘȣ șȊȐșȚȐȚȍ ȗȖȑȚȍ Ȑ ȗȓȈȟȤȚȍ
ǰȦȕȤ  ȇȓȚȈ

206
ǮǻǱǳǹ ǸǮȂǳ
ǹȍȔȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ Ȋȍșȍȕ ȉȍȚȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ
ǾȊȍȚțȚ ȕȈ ȓȐȟȐȒȍ ȒȈȒ ȗȓȍșȍȕȤ
ǰ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȟȍșȒȐ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ
ȇ ȊȈȔ ȕȍ ȖȚȌȈȓ ȉȣ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȗȍșȍȕ
ǵȖ Ȋȣ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȌȣȔȖȔ ȜȈȉȘȐȒ Ȑ șȐȋȈȘ
ǵȈȐȏțșȚȤ ȊȓȈȌȍȦȡȈȧ ȖȉȖȓȤșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȗȘȐȊȍȚȖȔ,
ǲȘȈșȐȊȍȍ ȈȏȈȓȐȑ Ȑ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȝ ȟȐȕȈȘ.
ǵȖ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ ȕȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ.
Ǫȣ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ șȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ Ȋ țȋȓț șȐȌȐȚ ȊȈȠ ȉȖȋ
ȅȚȖ ȍȔț Ȋȣ ȕȍșȍȚȍ ȒȖȜȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȕȖșȍ
ȅȚȖ ȍȔț ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ Ȋȣ ȊȈȘȐȚȍ ȋȘȖȋ
Ǩ Ȗȕ ȋȓțȗ Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȠȒȐ ȗȘȖșȚȖȊȖȓȖșȍȑ
Ƕ Ȉȕȋȍȓ-ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈ Ȋ ȒȈȜȍ ȗȍȟȈȓȍȑ
ǲȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȟȚȖ ȧ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȑ
ǸȈȏȋȘȣȏ ȉȣ ȔȖșȚȣ Ȑȏ ȎȍȓȍȏȈ Ȑ șȚȈȓȐ
ǭșȓȐ ȉ ȎȐȏȕȤ șȚȈȓȈ ȗȘȖȡȍ Ȑ ȓȍȋȟȍ"

ǰǿȀǾǳȅǮ
ǽȘȖȔȖȕȖȋȖȔț ȉȈȘȐȕț ș ȉȖȘȖȌȖȦ ȔȖȟȈȓȖȑ,
ǷȖȓȐȕȧȊȠȍȔț ȒȈȒ ȋȈȏȍȚȕȣȑ ȓȐșȚ
ǲȖȋȌȈ țȓȐȞȈ ȖȚ ȒȈȉȓțȒȖȊ Ȑ ȕȖȋ ȒȈȟȈȓȈșȤ
ǷȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȕȈȋȓȣȑ ȝȓȣșȚ
Ǩ ș ȉȈȘȐȕȖȔ ȠȓȈ ȉȓȖȕȌȐȕȒȈ ȏȈȊȏȧȚȈȧ
ǵȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȒȍ țșȗȍȕșȒȈȧ ȘȖȎȤ
ǷȈȒȓȧ ȘȍȑȕȊȍȑȕȈ ©ǰ Ȋșȧ-ȚȖ ȧ
ǷȘȍȓȍșȚȕȖ șȎȍȔȈȕȐȓȈșȤ șȓȈȌȒȈȧ ȓȖȎȤ...»
©ȅȑ Ȋȣ ǽȓȦșȚ ȗȖȌȖȘȖȎȕȣȑ
ǫȈȘȒȕțȓ ȕȈȋȓȣȑ Ȑ ȉȘȐȚȣȑ ȝȓȣșȚ, —
ȇ ȌȈȔ șȍȑȟȈș ȊȈȔ ȗȖ ȘȖȎȍ
Ǫȣ țȒȘȈȓȐ ț Ȏȍȕȣ ȔȖȍȑ ȉȘȖȠȤª
ǶȚȠȈȚȕțȓșȧ ȉȈȘȐȕ Ȑ ȕȈ ȗȈȓȒȍ ȗȖȊȐș
ǹțȚȖȓȖȟȤ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȊȐȏȋ Ȑ ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ șȊȐșȚ
ǺȖȓȗȈ ȗȘȐȓȐȗȓȈ Ȓ ȚȘȖȚțȈȘț ȒȈȒ ȘȖȑ
ǷȖ șȚȈȘȖȑ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓȐ ©ǫȖȘȖȌȖȊȖȑª
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȉȈȘȐȕ ș ȕȖȋȖȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȖȑ ȋȘȖȝȕțȓșȧ ȕȈȏȍȔȤ
ǹȢȍȝȐȌȕȐȟȈȓ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ©Ǩ ȍȡȍ țȟȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȐ
ǲțȒȓȈ ȔȖȘȌȈȚȈȧ ǬȈ ȕȖȔȍȘ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȚ
ǩȘȐȚȣȑ ȍȑȕȣȑ ȗȖȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȒ ȗȖ-ȕȈȠȍȔț ȒȖȚª
ǻȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȚȖȓȗȈ Ȑ țȓȐȞȈ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
ǰ ȊȍȟȍȘ șȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȋ Ȉȓȣȑ șȊȐȚȖȒ
ǩȈȘȐȕ șȗȍȠȐȓ Ȓ șțȗȘțȋȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȠȍ
ǲȚȖ ȊȘȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȈ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȉȐȚȣȔ"

ǷȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ
ǸǳǺ ǯȉǹǮ
ǺǮǾǶǻǮ ȄǰǳȀǮǳǰǮ"

209
©Ǵȣ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȣ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȖȔ
ȒȖȋȖ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ, ȒȖȋȖ Ȕȣ ȏȕȈȍȔ ȓȐȟȕȖª
ǫȨȚȍ
ǪȘȍȔȧ ȕȈȐȊȕȣȝ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȐȑ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ — ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȖȉȓȈșȚȐ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ ȚȈȒ Ȑ Ȋ șȓȖȊȍșȕȖșȚȐ — ȔȖȎȍȚ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȖȑ ȕȍȖșȗȖȘȐȔȖȑ
ȌȈȕȕȖșȚȐ — ȌȈȊȕȖ ȔȐȕțȓȖ
ǷȘȖȉȓȍȔȈȚȐȒȈ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȈ ȒȈȒ ȚȈȒȖȊȖȋȖ șȓȖȎȕȈ Ȑ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȔȈȓȖ ȘȈȏȘȈȉȖ-
ȚȈȕȈ ǶȕȚȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐ ȖȕȈ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈ Ȉ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐ ȘȈȏȕȖȘȖȌȕȈ ȟȚȖ
ȍȍ ȗȖȓȧȘȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȣ ȔȖȋțȚ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȧ ȖȚ ȔȍȚȈȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ țȔȣș-
ȓȈ Ȑ ȗȖȗȣȚȖȒ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ ȐȓȐ ȔȍȔțȈȘȐșȚȈ Ȑ ȒȖȕȟȈȧ ȟȐșȚȖ ȜȖȘȔȈȓȐ-
șȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȐȋȘȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȔț șțȡȍșȚȊț ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȓȐȠȤ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȌȍȒȖȘȈȚȐ-
ȊȐȏȔȈ
ǴȖȐȔ ȒȘȈȚȒȐȔ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧȔ Ȗ ǴȈȘȐȕȍ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ ȗȘȐșțȡȈ ȏȈȌȈȟȈ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȕȈȉȘȖșȒȈ Ȑ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȍȋȖ șȝȖȎȍșȚȤ Ȑ șȝȖȌșȚȊȖ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȣ ǮȐȊȈȧ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȟȍșȒȈȧ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȤ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȌțȝȖȊȕȈȧ ȖșȖȉȤ ȒȈȒȖȦ ȧȊȓȧȓȈșȤ ǾȊȍȚȈȍ-
ȊȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȍȌȐȕȈ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȔȕȖȋȖȓȐȒȈ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȐȊȈ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȊȚȖȘȕȈ Ǭȓȧ
ȊȕȍȠȕȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȊȖșșȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȌțȝȖȊȕȖȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ǴȈ-
ȘȐȕȣ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓșȧ ȉȣ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȘȧȌ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȖȊ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȡȐȝ ȘȈȏ-
ȕȣȔ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈȔ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȖșȚȖ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȧȔ ȅȚȖȑ ȐȒȖȕȖȋȘȈȜȐȐ ȒȈȒ șȖȊȖȒțȗȕȖ-
șȚȐ ȐȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȕȐȑ ȕȍȚ Ȑ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ǰșȚȖȘȐ-
ȒȖ-ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȣȍ ȖȟȍȘȒȐ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȍ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ — ȏȈȔȍȚȒȐ, ȕȍ-
ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣ ǶșȊȍȌȖȔȓȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȗȐșȈȊȠȐȝ Ȑȝ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȈ ǩȓȐȏȒȐȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍ-
ȕȐȑ ș ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ ț ȥȚȐȝ ȈȊȚȖȘȖȊ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȍȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȑ Ȋ
ȎȐȊȖȗȐșȐ ȐȓȐ ȊȈȧȕȐȐ ȚȖ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ Ȑȝ ȕȍȚ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ

210
ǰ ȁǳǵǲǳ ȌǻǼǿȀǶ
©ǰ ȕȈȏȈȌ țșȚȘȍȔȓȧȍȚșȧ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȑ ȏȈȉȖȚȈ ȔȖȧ
ȒȈȒ ȏȕȈȔȧ Ȑȏ ȠȍȓȒȈ, ȕȍșȖȔȖȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȊȍȚȘȖȊª
ǲȈȓȐȌȈșȈ ©ǹȈȒțȕȚȈȓȈª
ǻȉȐȑșȚȊȖ ȈȊșȚȘȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȍșȚȖȓȖȕȈșȓȍȌȕȐȒȈ ǼȘȈȕȞȈ-ǼȍȘȌȐȕȈȕȌȈ Ȋ ǹȈȘȈȍȊȖ
28 ȐȦȕȧ 1914 ȋ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔ ȎțȚȒȐȔ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȐȏȎȐȚȣȔ ȗȖȓȐ-
ȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ Ȑ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ-ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȕȈȊȣȒȈȔ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ǸȖ-
ȒȖȊȖȑ șȔȣșȓ ȥȚȖȑ țȋȘȖȏȣ ȉȣȓ ȖșȖȏȕȈȕ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȗȖȏȎȍ ǪȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȊȖȏ-
ȊȘȈȡȈȧșȤ Ȑȏ ǫȘȈȞȈ Ȋ Ǫȍȕț 1 ȈȊȋțșȚȈ 1914 ȋȖȌȈ ȗȖ ȦȕȖȠȍșȒȖȑ ȉȍșȗȍȟȕȖșȚȐ ȧ ȗȘȖ-
ȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ Ȋ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȔȐȘȕȖȋȖ ȐșȝȖȌȈ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȖȚȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ ȖȉȡȍȋȖ ȒȘț-
ȠȍȕȐȧ ǶȉȢȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȍȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȧ țȏȕȈȓ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ Ȋ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȌȍȕȤ
ȏȈșȚȈȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȘȈșȗȓȖȝ ǷȖȘțȟȐȊ ȊȣȠȒȖȓȍȕȕȖȔț ȓȈȒȍȦ Ȋ ǫȘȈȕȌ-ǶȚȍȓȍ ȒțȗȐȚȤ
Ȕȕȍ ȉȐȓȍȚ ȕȈ ȘȖȌȐȕț Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȧ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȣȑ ȖȚȊȍȚ
— ©ǷȖȍȏȌȈ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞț ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȐȌțȚ.. ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȈȠȐ ȒȈȏȈȒȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȌȊȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȗȖȉȍȌȖȕȖșȕȖ ȏȈȑȔțȚ Ǫȍȕț..»
ǹȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȥȚȖ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ șȗțșȚȧ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȖȌȐȕ ȋȖȌ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȔȖȑ ȈȘȍșȚ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȣȑ ȗȖ șȟȍȚț ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚȤșȧ ș
ȚȦȘȍȔȕȣȔ ȌȊȖȘȖȔ Ȋ ǿȍȘȕȖȊȐȞȈȝ ǵȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ Ǹț-
ȔȣȕȐȦ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȚȘȈȕț ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȝ ȒțȒțȘțȏȕȣȝ ȗȖȓȍȑ ȕȈșȓȈȌȐȚȤșȧ ȔȐȘ-
ȕȣȔ ȚȖȒȖȔ ǬțȕȈȧ ș ȍȋȖ ȐȏțȔȘțȌȕȣȔȐ ȗȓȈȊȕȧȔȐ Ȑ ȖȟțȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȐȊ-
Ƞȍȑșȧ ǶȌȍșșȍ
ǶȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȋȍȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȒȈȘȚȣ Ȋ ȊȐȚȘȐȕȈȝ șȚȖȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȋȈȏȍȚ Ȑ ȒȕȐȋȖȐȏ-
ȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊ ș ȗȘȐȒȖȓȖȚȣȔȐ ȜȓȈȎȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȏȐȋȏȈȋȈȔȐ ȞȊȍȚȕȣȝ ȓȍȕȚȖȟȍȒ ȉȍȏȔȖȓȊ-
ȕȖ ȕȖ ȔȘȈȟȕȖ ȊȍȡȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ țȉȐȑșȚȊȖ ǼȍȘȌȐȕȈȕȌȈ ȗȖȊȓȍȒȓȖ Ȑ ȊȓȍȟȍȚ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȦ
șȖȚȕȐ Țȣșȧȟ țȉȐȑșȚȊ
Ǫ Țȣȓț ȊșȧȟȍșȒȐȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȚȊȖȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȘȈȏȊȓȍȒȈȓȐ ȘȈȕȍȕȣȝ
©șȖȓȌȈȚȐȒȖȊª ǰȝ ȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȌȖȒȓȈȌȣ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȈ ȔțȏȍȍȊ țȋȖȡȈ-
ȓȐ ȏȈȌȈȉȘȐȊȈȓȐ ǸȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȧȧ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȝ șȈȗȖȋ ȌȖȉȘȖȚȕȣȝ ȠȐȕȍȓȍȑ Ȑ
ȑȖȌȖȜȖȘȔȈ ȉȣȊȠȐȍ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕȍ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ ȔȈșȚȍȘȖȊȣȍ ȘȣȉȈȒȐ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒȐ Ȕȍ-
ȡȈȕȍ ȉȍȏȘȖȗȖȚȕȖ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȧȓȐșȤ ȕȈȐȊȕȖ-ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȌțȠȕȖȑ ȖȗȍȒȍ Ȑ șȒțȟȈȓȐ ǺȖ-
ȔȐȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ ȏȊȍȘȐ Ȋ ȕȍȊȖȓȍ ǭȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȘȈȏȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȖȕȐ ȓȦȉȐȓȐ
ȉȣȓ ȞȐȘȒ
ǲȖȋȌȈ ǹȖȜȤȧ ǼȍȌȖȘȟȍȕȒȖ ȒȚȖ ȗȖȔȕȐȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȍȍ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕțȦ ȒȕȐȋț ©ǵȈ-
ȘȖȌ ȕȈ ȊȖȑȕȍª" ȏȈȊȍȓȈ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȉȍșȍȌț ș ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȗȖȌȖȗȍȟȕȣȝ Ȗ ȎȐȊȖ-
ȗȐșȐ ȖȕȈ țșȓȣȠȈȓȈ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȔț șȔȣșȓț ȖȚȊȍȚ ǸȈȕȍȕȣȑ șȖȓȌȈȚ
ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȘȖȚȍ ȉȣȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ țȕȚȍȘ-ȖȜȐȞȍȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȓ ȓȦ-
Ȍȍȑ ș ȚȈȒȖȑ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȚȖȟȕȖșȚȤȦ ȟȚȖ ©ǨȎ șȒțȟȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ..»
ǰșȒțșșȚȊȖ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ — ȕȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȕȖ ȗȘȍȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ǳțȟȠȐȔ ȌȖȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ șȓțȎȈȚ ȉȣȓȐȕȣ Ȑ șȒȈȏȒȐ
ǸțȒȖȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȘȖȏȌȣȝȖȔ ȘȈȏȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑ țșȒȖȘȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȘȖșȊȍȡȍȕȐȍȔ

211
ȕȈȘȖȌȈ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȚ șȖȏȐȌȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȚȘțȌȈ ȚȍȘȗȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȉȖȑȕȦ șȖ șȎȈȚȣȔȐ
ȏțȉȈȔȐ ȕȖ ȘȖșȠȍȑ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤȦ ȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȕȐ ȉȓȈȋȖȚȊȖȘȐȚȍȓȧȔ ȗȖ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍ-
ȕȐȦ ȕȐ ȘțșșȒȖȔț ȖȉȡȍșȚȊț ǯȈȌȈȟȈ ȥȚȈ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍȘȈȏȘȍȠȐȔȈ ǵȖ țȊȍșȍ-
ȓȍȕȐȧ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȏȔȍȘȕȣȍ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȍ Ȑ
ȋȖȘȍ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐșȤ ǫȖȘȖȌșȒȈȧ Ȑ ȉțȔȈȎȕȖ-ȏȈȔȒȕțȚȈȧ Ȋ șȍȉȍ șȈȔȖȑ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȈ
ȘȖșȓȈ șȊȖȐȔ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȖȔ ǸțȝȕțȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖ ȏȈȒȓȧȚȐȍ ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȔȈȕȐ-
ȜȍșȚ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȈ ȎȍȘȚȊȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ țȎȍ țȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȋȕȍȊȈ ȖȉȔȈȕțȚȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ Ȑ ȚȘțȌȈ ǵȖ
ȌȖ șȘȖȒȖȊ ȐșȒțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ȍȡȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ
ǽǼǲ ǿǳǻȊȌ ǿǸǮǵǼȅǻȉȃ ǸǼǻǳǷ
©ǬȊȈ ȒȖȕȧ Ȋ ȘȧȌț șȚȖȧȚ
ǴȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȊȖȘȖȕȣȍ
ǪȤȦȚșȧ ȋȘȐȊȣ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍª
Ƿ ǭȘȠȖȊ ©ǲȖȕȍȒ-ǫȖȘȉțȕȖȒª
ǵȈ ǹȚȘȈșȚȕȖȔ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘȍ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȌȊȖȘȧȕșȒȐȑ ȖșȖȉȕȧȒ ȉȣȓ ȗȍȘȍșȚȘȖȍȕ Ȑ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȡȍȕ Ȋ ǲȈȔȍȘȕȣȑ ȚȍȈȚȘ ǵȍțȦȚȕȣȑ ȕȍțȒȓȦȎȐȑ Ȋ șȔȣșȓȍ ȏȖȌȟȍșȒȖȔ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ
Ȏȍ ȚȍȈȚȘ Ǩ ȇ ǺȈȐȘȖȊ ș ȓȖȊȒȖșȚȤȦ ȗȘȐșțȡȍȑ ȍȔț ȒȈȒ ȉȣȊȠȍȔț ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒț
ȗȘȐșȧȎȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȘȈșȚȖȘȖȗȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȓȤȞȈ ȕȖ ș ȉȖȓȍȍ șȒȘȖȔȕȣȔȐ șȗȖșȖȉ-
ȕȖșȚȧȔȐ șȈȔȖȉȣȚȕȖȋȖ ȘȍȎȐșșȍȘȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȊȣȏȖȊ șȖȘȈȚȕȐȒȈȔ ǿȍȝȖȊȈ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊ-
ȠȐȔ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ ©ǿȈȑȒȐª ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȊȠȐȔ ȉȓȈȋȖȋȖȊȍȑȕȖ-ȘȍȓȐȋȐȖȏȕȖȍ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ Ȓ
ǽțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔț ȚȍȈȚȘț ©ȝȘȈȔț ȗȘȈȊȌȣª ǵȖ ȚȍȈȚȘ ȕȍ ȝȘȈȔ ȚȍȈȚȘ — ȏȘȍȓȐȡȍ
ȏȈȧȊȓȧȓȐ ǭȊȘȍȐȕȖȊ ǴȍȑȍȘȝȖȓȤȌ Ȉ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȍȑ — ǴȈȒș ǸȍȑȕȋȈȘȌȚ ǶȕȐ ȊȐ-
ȌȍȓȐ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ șȞȍȕȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍ Ȑ ȖȉȍȡȈȓȐ Ȑȕȣȍ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ
ǯȈ ȋȖȌ ȌȖ ȊȖȑȕȣ ǴȖșȒȊț ȗȓȍȕȐȓ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȕȖșȚȤȦ șȊȖȍȑ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȒȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐ
ǴȈȘȌȎȈȕȖȊ ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ șȚȈȘȍȑȠȐȝ țȟȈșȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȚȘțȗȗȣ ǺȈȐȘȖȊȈ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȑ ǫȍȘ-
ȔȈȕ ǪȖșȒȘȍșȍȕșȒȐȑ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓ ©ǭșȓȐ ț ǺȈȐȘȖȊȈ ȍșȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȋ
ȏȈȗȈșȍ ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȌȖșȚȐȋ ȟȍȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȚȖ ȊșȍȔ Ȗȕ ȖȉȧȏȈȕ ǴȈȘȌȎȈȕȖȊțª
ǸȈșȗȈȌ ǹȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȈȚȘȈ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȊȖȏȕȐȒ ǲȈ-
ȔȍȘȕȣȑ ȚȍȈȚȘ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȓ ǴȈȘȌȎȈȕȖȊȈ ǿȚȖ șȚȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȏȎȍ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȖȌȈȘȍȕȕȍȑ-
ȠȐȔ ȘȍȎȐșșȍȘȖȔ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ Ƕ ȕȍȔ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȘȈȏȕȖȘȍȟȐȊȣȍ șȓțȝȐ ǵȍȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ șȖșȓȈȕ ȕȈ ȒȈȚȖȘȋț.
ǷȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈ ǴȈȘȌȎȈȕȖȊȣȔ ©ǹȖȘȖȟȐȕșȒȖȑ ȧȘȔȈȘȒȐª ©ǷȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȈ ǷȤȍȘȍȚ-
Țȣª ȔțȏȣȒȈ ȊȍȕȋȍȘșȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȗȖȏȐȚȖȘȈ ȅȘȕȍșȚȈ ǬȖȕȈȕȤȐ ©ǷȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȝ șȈȉȐ-
ȕȧȕȖȒª Ȑ ©ǮȍȓȚȖȑ ȒȖȜȚȣª ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȗțȚȐ Ȑ ȞȍȓȐ Ȋ ȚȍȈȚ-
ȘȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȍ ǺȈȐȘȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȌȖ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȐȧ ȚȍȈȚȘȈ ǴȈȘȌȎȈȕȖȊȈ ȉȣȓ ©ȗȖ-
ȔȖȡȕȐȒȖȔ ȘȍȎȐșșȍȘȈª ȊșȚțȗȐȓ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈ șȈȔȖșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȗțȚȤ ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓȤ-
ȕȈȧ ȘȍȗȍȚȐȞȐȧ ©ǹȈȒțȕȚȈȓȣª țȉȍȌȐȓȈ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȟȚȖ ǲȈȔȍȘȕȣȑ ȚȍȈȚȘ țȚȊȍȘȌȐȚșȧ
ǴȖșȒȖȊșȒȐȑ ǽțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȚȍȈȚȘ țȋȘȦȔȖ Ȑ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȍȕȕȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ
șȖȗȍȘȕȐȒȈ ǨȓȐșȈ ǲȖȖȕȍȕ ȗȖȕȧȓȈ ǺȈȐȘȖȊȈ Ȉ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ ȇȒȖȊȓȍȊȐȟ ȗȖȕȧȓ ǨȓȐșț
ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȕț ǹȚȘȖȋȖȑ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖȑ ȊȣțȟȒȍ ǹȚȈȕȐșȓȈȊșȒȖȋȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȓȈ ȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȤ-

212
șȚȊȖ ǺȈȐȘȖȊȈ ǴȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȈȘȚȐșȚȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȟȐȚȈȓȈșȤ ǪȣșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ©ǹȈȒțȕȚȈ-
ȓȍª ǲȈȓȐȌȈșȣ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȖȕȈ șțȔȍȓȈ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȐȔȊȖȓȐȒț ȓȐȘȐȟȍș-
ȒȖȑ ȌȘȈȔȣ ȐȕȌțșșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȥȚȈ 9 Ȋ ȗȖ Ǹ ǽ ȕȖ șȔȣșȓ țșȓȖȊȕȣȝ ȌȍȒȖȘȈȞȐȑ ǷȈȊ-
ȓȈ ǲțȏȕȍȞȖȊȈ Ȑ ȔțȏȣȒț Ǫ ǰ ǷȖȓȧ ȧȊȐȓȖșȤ ȏȈȓȖȋȖȔ ȍȍ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȝ țșȗȍȝȖȊ
ǺȈȐȘȖȊ ȘȍȎȐșșȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ șȞȍȕȍ Ƕȕ ȘȍȎȐșșȐȘȖȊȈȓ Ȑ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǷȘȐȋȓȈȠȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ©ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȈ ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘȈª Ȑ ȈȘȚȐșȚȈ ȉȖȋȈȚȍȑȠȍȋȖ
Ȑ ȌȖȉȘȍȑȠȍȋȖ Ǩ Ǫ ǩȘțȕȖȊȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȊȖȌȖȔ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȏȓȖȉȐȊȖȑ ȗȖȚȍȝȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕ-
șȚȊȈ ȚȘțȗȗȣ Ǭȓȧ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȧ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȑ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȐȋȍȕȞȐȐ Ȑ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȒȘț-
ȋȈ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȣȝ ȏȘȐȚȍȓȍȑ ǺȈȐȘȖȊ țȔȍȓȖ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓ ȊȣșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ șȞȍȕȍ ȚȍȈ-
ȚȘȈ ȊȐȌȕȣȝ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȍȑ țȟȍȕȣȝ ȗțȉȓȐȞȐșȚȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȝ ȈȒȚȍȘȖȊ
ǴțȌȘȣȑ ȏȕȈȚȖȒ ȈȕȚȐȟȕȖȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȣ ȗȖȥȚ ǪȧȟȍșȓȈȊ ǰȊȈȕȖȊ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓșȧ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ ȐȏȉȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȈțȌȐȚȖȘȐȍȑ Ȋ ȖȘȍȖȓȍ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȟȍșȒȐ-ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȖȚȘȍȠȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȐ ȖȚ ȗȖȊșȍȌȕȍȊȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǻȘȈȊȕȖȊȍȠȍȕȕȈȧ ȍȋȖ șȖȏȍȘȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ șȔȍȕȧ-
ȓȈșȤ șȚȘȈșȚȕȣȔȐ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȍȕȐȧȔȐ ǵ Ǩ ǩȍȘȌȧȍȊȈ ȗȖȚȘȧșȈȊȠȍȋȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȞȣȋȈȕ-
șȒȖȑ ȒȖȗȕȖȑ șȔțȋȓȣȝ ȊȖȓȖș ǭȋȖ ȖȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȎȐȊȈȓȈ ȗȓȧșȒȈ șȊ ǪȐȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȕȍ
ȔȖȋ șȒȘȣȚȤ ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ ȕȈ ȥșȚȘȈȌȍ ǵȖ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȑ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȉȣȓ
ȕȈȌȍȓȍȕ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȣșȓȐȚȍȓȤ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȓ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȚȤ Ȗ ȍȋȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȝ ȋȘȐȔȈșȈȝ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȌȍȘȋȐȊȈȕȐȧȝ
ǽȘȐȗȓȣȑ ȎȍșȚȧȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș ǪȈȓȍȘȐȧ ǩȘȦșȖȊȈ ȏȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȘȖȟȍșȒȐ
ȐșȚȖȓȒȖȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ǪȘțȉȍȓȍȔ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȘȈȕȌȈȠȕȖȔ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȍ — ȊȖȗȓȖȡȍȕȐȍ ȟȐȕȖȊ-
ȕȐȒȈ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȊȕȍȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȔ țȕȐȊȍȘșȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȐ — șțȝȖ Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȖșȖȏȕȈȕ-
ȕȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȈșȚȈȐȊȈȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȐ țȔȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔțȓȣ Ȑ ȗȈȘȈȋȘȈȜȈ Ȋ
ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍ ǰȝ ȞȍȗȐ ȐșȗȣȚȈȓȐ ȕȈ șȍȉȍ Țȍ ȒȚȖ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȦȕȞȈȔȐ ǵȖ
ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȍȒȚțȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȒțȘȖȘȈ ǪȐȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȔȖșȚȒȈȝ ȐȏȋȖȕȧȓȖșȤ ȖȉȈȧ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȖȑ ȌȍȒȓȈȔȈȞȐȍȑ Ȑ ȐȏȧȡȕȖȑ ȗȖȊȈȌȒȖȑ ǰ ǰ ǴȖȏ-
ȎțȝȐȕȈ ȉȍșȗȍȟȕȖȋȖ ǪȈȕȍȟȒȐ ǴȖȏȎțȝȐȕȈ Ȋ ȉȍȏțȗȘȍȟȕȖ șȠȐȚȖȔ ȜȘȈȒȍ ǲȚȖ
ȔȖȋ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ Ȋ Țȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȉȈȓȖȊȍȕȤ șțȌȤȉȣ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȚ șȊȖȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ȊȖ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ ȕȐȡȐȔ Ȑ ȌțȠȍȊȕȖȉȖȓȤȕȣȔ" ǴȖȏȎțȝȐȕȈ ȖȉȖȎȈȓȐ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖș-
ȒȖȊșȒȐȍ ȉȈȘȣȠȕȐ Ȑ ȌȈȔȣ ǭȋȖ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ Ȋșȧ ǴȖșȒȊȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȡȈȓȈ ȍȔț
ȍȋȖ ȕȍȓȍȗȣȍ ȗȘȖȒȈȏȣ, ȊȘȖȌȍ ȚȖȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȗȘȐȚȊȖȘȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȍ ȗȖ-
ȔȍȠȈȕȕȣȔ Ȗȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȊȖșȒȓȐȞȈȚȤ ȊȖ ȊșȍțșȓȣȠȈȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ ț ȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ
șȐȌȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ©ȉȖȘȖȌȈ Ȋ ȒȓȍȚȖȟȒțª ǿȐȚȈȧ ȕȈȐȏțșȚȤ ȕȍȏȈȔȣșȓȖȊȈȚȣȍ
șȚȐȝȐ ǰȋȖȘȧ ǹȍȊȍȘȧȕȐȕȈ ©ǶȕȈ ȕȈ ȞȣȗȖȟȒȐ ȗȘȐȊșȚȈȓȈ Ȑ ȗȖȌȈȘȐȓȈ ȋțȉȣ Ȕȕȍª
ǴȖȏȎțȝȐȕ ȊȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓ Ȋ ȕȐȝ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȕȖșȚȐ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȎȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ Ȑȏȧ-
ȡȍșȚȊȈ ȟȚȖ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ țȕȖșȐȊȠȈȧșȧ Ȋ ȔȍȚȈȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȊȣșȖȚȣ ȉțȘ-
ȕȖ ȕȍȐșȚȖȊȖ ȓȐȒȖȊȈȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȐȒțȍȚ ȗȖȚȖȒ șȖȘȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȗȓȖȚȐȕț
ǵȖ ǺȈȐȘȖȊ șȓȍȌțȧ ȗȘȐȔȍȘț ©ȒȈȗțșȚȕȐȒȖȊª ǽțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȈȚȘȈ ȕȈȠȍȓ Ȑ
ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȗțȚȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȚȤ ȌȘțȏȍȑ Ȍȓȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣȍ
ȊȍȟȍȘȐȕȒȐ ǵȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȧ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȦȕțȦ ǴȈȘȐȕț ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊț —
ȕȈ șȞȍȕȍ ț ȘȈȔȗȣ ȗȖȌ șȍȕȤȦ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȝ ȐȏȊȈȧȕȐȑ șȒȈȏȖȟȕȣȝ ȒȖȕȍȑ ǰȝ ȋȘȐ-
Ȋȣ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȠțȔȧȚ Ȋ ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȓțȒȖȔȖȘȤȍ ȔȖȍȑ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ
ǰȏȊȈȧȕȐȧ ȊȏȌȣȉȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȒȖȕȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȏȈȔȍȕȧȦȚ șȖȉȖȦ ȒȈȘȐȈȚȐȌȣ Ȋ ȉȖ-
ȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȈȋȖȌȍ Ȋ ǹȐȘȐȕȋȈȔȍ ǰȕȌȐȧ XVI Ȋ ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȐȓȐ ǷȈȊȓȈ ǲțȏȕȍȞȖȊȈ ȗȘȐ
șȖȏȌȈȕȐȐ ȐȔ șȒțȓȤȗȚțȘȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȘȈȔȓȍȕȐȧ ȌȍȒȖȘȈȞȐȑ Ȍȓȧ ©ǹȈȒțȕȚȈȓȣª ǴȖȋțȟȐȍ
ȓȍȗȕȣȍ ȒȖȕȐ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȈȔ ȘȈȔȗȣ țȕȖșȐȓȐ ȏȘȐȚȍȓȧ Ȑȏ ȔȐȘȈ

213
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ǶȕȐ Ȋ ȐȋȘȍ ȧȘȒȖȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ Ȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ ȚȍȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȌȍȓȍȕȣ
ȟȈȘȈȔȐ șȒȈȏȒȐ ǶȕȐ Ȏȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȋȍȘȈȓȤȌȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȥȔȉȓȍȔȖȑ ȚȍȈȚȘȈ ǭșȓȐ șȐȔ-
ȊȖȓȖȔ ǽțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȈȚȘȈ șȚȈȓȈ șȚȐȓȐȏȖȊȈȕȕȈȧ ȟȈȑȒȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȈ ȚȖ ǲȈ-
ȔȍȘȕȣȑ ȚȍȈȚȘ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȖȉȘȈȏȍ ȒȖȕȍȑ șȊȖȍȑ ȘȈȔȗȣ ǺȍȈȚȘȈȓȤȕȈȧ
ȔȣșȓȤ ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓȈ ȔȈȓȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȈ Ȑ ȘȈȔȗȣ
ǯȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȌȖ ǲțȏȕȍȞȖȊȈ ȕȈȌ ȜțȕȒȞȐȍȑ ȘȈȔȗȣ ȏȈȌțȔȣȊȈȓșȧ ȈȕȚȐȟȕȣȑ ȚȍȈȚȘ Ȉ Ȋ
ȕȈȠț ȥȗȖȝț Ǫ ǴȍȑȍȘȝȖȓȤȌ Ȑ ǴȈȒș ǸȍȑȕȋȈȘȌȚ ǵȖ ȗȖȌȔȖșȚȒȐ Ȑ ȏȈȕȈȊȍș — Ȋȍ-
ȓȐȟȐȕȣ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔț ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȈ ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȘȍȠȐȚȤ ǴȈȘȌ-
ȎȈȕȖȊ ǷȖȘțȟȐȓ Ȗȕ ȍȋȖ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ Ȍȓȧ ǹȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȈȚȘȈ ǲȖȕșȚȈȕȚȐȕț ǹȖȔȖ-
Ȋț ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȏȈȕȈȊȍș ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȖȕȕȣȔ ȗȍșȚȘȣȔ ȒȖȊȘȖȔ Ȑȏ ȉȈȘȝȈȚȈ
Ȑ ȠȍȓȒȈ ș ȈȓȓȍȋȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȜȐȋțȘȈȔȐ ǯȈȌȈȟȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȘȍȠȍȕȈ ǪȣȌȈȦȡȍȍșȧ
ȐȕȚȐȔȕȖ-ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȕȖȍ ȌȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ ǹȖȔȖȊȈ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȔȐȕȐȈȚȦȘȐșȚȈ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȟțȎȌȖ ȚȍȈȚȘț ȒȈȒ șȖȉȖȘȕȖȔț ȌȍȑșȚȊț Ȑ ȏȘȍȓȐȡț ǵȖ ȒȖȕȐ ǷȈȊȓȈ ǲțȏȕȍȞȖ-
ȊȈ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȏȈȌȈȟț ȈȘȝȐȚȍȒȚȖȕȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șȖșțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȏȈȓȈ Ȑ șȞȍȕȣ ǶȕȐ ȧȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȑȝ ȓȐȚțȘȋȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȕȖșȚȤȦ ǰ ȈȘȝȐ-
ȚȍȒȚțȘȕȣȔ șȓȈȋȈȍȔȣȔ
ǵǲǾǮǰǶȄǮ ǽǮǴǮ
©ǵȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȕȈș ȍȡȍ ȎȐȊȣȝ, Ȑ ȕȈȔ
ǷȘȐȟȐȕȣ ȕȍȚ ȗȍȟȈȓȐȚȤșȧ...»
ǷțȠȒȐȕ ©ǷȐȘ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȟțȔȣª
ǲȖȋȌȈ ǴȈȘȐțș ǴȈȘȐțșȖȊȐȟ ǷȍȚȐȗȈ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ șȖșȚȈȊ ȚȘțȗȗȣ ǲȈȔȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȈ-
ȚȘȈ ȍȔț ȉȣȓȖ șȍȔȤȌȍșȧȚ ȓȍȚ ǺȈȒȖȊȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȔȖȓȊȈ Ƕȕ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȘȈ-
șȐȓ ©ȌțȠȐșȚȣȍ șȍȌȐȕȣª Ƕȕ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓ Ȋ ©ǹȐȘȈȕȖ Ȍȍ ǩȍȘȎȍȘȈȒȍª ȏȊȍȕȧ ȠȗȈ-
ȋȖȑ Ȑ ȊȖșȝȐȡȈȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȦȕȖȠȍșȒȖȑ șȊȍȎȍșȚȤȦ ǨȘȚȐșȚȣ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȊȈȓȐ ȌȐȊȐȚȤ-
șȧ ȍȋȖ ȋȐȉȒȖșȚȐ: ©ǹȚȈȘȐȒț șȍȔȤȌȍșȧȚ ȓȍȚ Ȉ ȒȈȒ ȜȍȝȚțȍȚ... ǲȚȖ ȉȣ șȒȈȏȈȓª
ǰȔȧ ǷȍȚȐȗȈ Ȑ ȚȘȍȝ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȑ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȖȌȈȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȈȘȚȐșȚȖȊ ȉȣȓȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ
ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ǸȖșșȐȐ Ǫ ȟȍșȚȤ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȧ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖșȚȐ ǺȈȐȘȖȊ țșȚȘȖȐȓ ȏȈȒȘȣ-
ȚțȦ ȊȍȟȍȘȐȕȒț ǪșȚȘȍȟȈ ȌȘțȏȍȑ ȚȍȈȚȘȈ Ȑ ȈȘȚȐșȚȖȊ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȈ ȕȈ șȞȍȕȍ ǯȈ șȚȖ-
ȓȐȒȈȔȐ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȖșȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȐ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȍȕȕȣȝ ǩȣȓȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȧșȚȊȈ
Ȑ ȗȐȚȐȧ ȕȖ ȞȐȕȐȟȕȍȑȠȐȑ ǫȍȘȔȈȕ ǪȖșȒȘȍșȍȕșȒȐȑ ș ȊȕȍȠȕȖșȚȤȦ ȔȖȕȋȖȓȈ Ȋ
ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȘȈȋȈȝ Ȑ ȚțȎțȘȒȍ ȕȍȋȖȌȖȊȈȓ ©ǪȖȑȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ.. ǲȖȕȤȧȒȈ
ȕȍȚ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȐȍª ǺȐȠȈȑȠȐȑ ǰȊȈȕ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȐȟ ǨȘȒȈȌȐȕ ǹȈȠȒȈ ǮȐȋȈȟȍȊ
țȎȍ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȐ Ȓ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȔ ȊȣȝȖȌȒȈȔ ǵȖ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȉȈȘȐȚȖȕ ǹȍȘȍȎȐ ǺȐ-
ȝȖȕȘȈȊȖȊȈ ȏȊțȟȈȓ ȗȖȟȚȐ țȋȘȖȎȈȦȡȍ ©ǯȈȗȐȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȖȕȕȣȑ ȒȖȘȗțș ȖȚ-
ȗȘȈȊȓȧȑșȧ ȊȖ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȦ... ǺȈȔ ȝȘȈȉȘȍȞȖȊ țȋȖȡȈȦȚ ȠȈȔȗȈȕșȒȐȔ!» ǵȈ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ
șȚȖȘȖȕȍ șȞȍȕȣ ȉȣȓ șȚȖȓȐȒ ǷȍȚȐȗȈ ș ȍȋȖ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȐȍȔ ǯȈȗȖȔȕȐȓȐșȤ ȋȓȈȌȒȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȟȍșȈȕȕȈȧ ǲȖȖȕȍȕ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȊȠȈȧ ȚȖȔȕțȦ ȕȐȡȍȕȒț ȕȈ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȍ ǩȍȘȕ-ǬȎȖȕșȈ
ȕȈȟȐȕȈȊȠȐȑ ȗȖȓȕȍȚȤ ǺȈȐȘȖȊ Ȋ ȚȍșȕȖȑ ȊȐȏȐȚȒȍ, ș ȖȏȈȉȖȟȍȕȕȖ-ȦȘȒȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ

214
ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȍșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȖ-ȕȍȘȊȕȣȑ ȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȍȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȉȘȍȔȧ ȊȖȏȘȈ-
șȚȈ ǷȍȚȐȗȈ ǩȓȈȋȖȎȍȓȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȋȍȘȖȑ Ȍȕȧ
ǮȍșȚ ȍȋȖ ȌȐșȞȐȗȓȐȕȈ Ȑ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȈ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȚ ȘȖȔȈȕșȒȖȔț ȋȍȕȐȦ ǲȖȘȖȚ-
ȒȐȍ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȈȕȕȣȍ ȚȍȓȖȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ǷȍȚȐȗȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȔȐȔȐȟȍșȒȐȔ șȚȈȒȒȈȚȖ
ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȗȓȍȟ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȈ ǵȈȍȌȐȕȍ Ȋ ȟȈșȣ ȖȚȌȣȝȈ Ȋ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ȉȍȏ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȑ
ǷȍȚȐȗȈ țșȚȈȓȣȑ ȕȍȔȖȡȕȣȑ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ șȖ ȊȏȌȖȝȖȔ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ ȗȍȟȈȓȐ Ȑ ȖșȊȖ-
ȉȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȓ ȊȍȒȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȕȖȔț țșȐ-
ȓȐȦ ȗȘȐȚȊȖȘȕȖȑ ȊȍșȍȓȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȊȕȍȠȕȍȑ ȉȍȏȏȈȉȖȚȕȖșȚȐ ǵȖ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ ǷȍȚȐȗȈ
ȖȉȔȈȕȣȊȈȓ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȐȝ șȍȉȧ ȋȈȘȞțȧ ȒȈȒ ȞȐȘȒȖȊȖȑ ȒȖȕȤ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȧ șȒȖȘȖ-
ȋȖȊȖȘȒȖȑ ȖșȚȘȖȚȣ ǹȚȖȐȚ ȓȐ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ șȔȖȒȐȕȋȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ ȓȦ-
Ȍȍȑ ȖȒȘțȎȈȊȠȐȝ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊț ȉȣȓȐ ȉȍȏțȒȖȘȐȏȕȍȕȕȣ Ȉ Ȑȝ ȔȈȕȍȘȣ țȔȍȘȍȕȕȖ-
șȌȍȘȎȈȕȕȣ" ǵȍ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȌȍȓȖ Ǵȍȕȧ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ șȗțȚȕȐ-
ȒȖȊ ǴȈȘȐȕȣ ȊȣșȖȒȖȋȖ ȉȘȦȕȍȚȈ șȖ șȒȖȘȉȕȖ șȌȊȐȕțȚȣȔȐ ȉȘȖȊȧȔȐ șȍȘȣȔȐ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȔȐ ȊȣȉȘȐȚȣȔȐ ȐșșȐȕȧ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȍȊȠȐȔȐ ȡȍȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȑ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȤȍȑ ȟȍ-
ȓȦșȚȤȦ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ǹ ȇ ȅȜȘȖȕ ȔțȎ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ ǷȘȐȊȣȟȕȣȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȖȏȎȍ ȧ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓ ȕȍȖȌȕȖȒȘȈȚȕȖ Ȋ ȉȍșȍȌȍ Ȗȕ ȟȈșȚȖ ȏȈșȓȖȕȧȓ ȒȐșȚȤȦ Șț-
ȒȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȏȈȡȐȡȈȧșȤ ȖȚ ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ ǻȎȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȧ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȈ Ȕț-
ȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȍȊȠȈȧ ȊȖȓȖșȈȚȈȧ ȘțȒȈ ȊȣȌȈȊȈȓȈ ȗȘȐȘȖȎȌȍȕȕțȦ ȘȖȉȖșȚȤ ǯȈ
ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȌȖ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȚȘȍȓȈ ȅȜȘȖȕ ȗȖȌșȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȐșȒȈȓ ȏȈȡȐȚȣ Ǫ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ Ȗȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȗȈșȣȕȒȖȔ ǫȍȚȚȖ șȊȖȍȋȖ ©ȧª ȅȜȘȖȕ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ Ȑ ȕȐ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ
ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȐȐ ȕȍ ȐȏȎȐȓ
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȖ ǴȈȘȐȕȣ Ȕȕȍ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓșȧ ȔȐȘ Ǹȍȕȍș-
șȈȕșȈ Ȑ ȗȍșȍȕȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȐȦ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ ȋȍȘȞȖȋț ǳȖȘȍȕȞȖ ǪȍȓȐȒȖ-
ȓȍȗȕȖȔț
«Quant'è bella giovinezza,
Ma si fugge tuttavia...»*
ǵȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈȗȘȧȟȤ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȚȐȗ ȓȐ-
ȞȈ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ ȅȚȖ țȌȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ șȘȈȏț ǲȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ
șȓțȠȈȧ șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒȈ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȖ țȔșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ țșȐȓȐȧ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȐșȟȍȏȓȖ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȊȖȏȕȐȒ ȖȉȘȈȏ ȗȈȎȈ ȕȈ ȊȈȚȐȒȈȕșȒȖȑ ȜȘȍșȒȍ «La Messa di Bolsena» ș
ȍȋȖ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȗȘȖȜȐȓȍȔ ǪȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȓȐȞȖ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȖȓȖȎȍ
ȉȍșȗȍȟȕȍȑ Ȑ ȖȌțȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȕȍȍ ǹ ȍȍ ȚȍȔȕȖ-ȘțșȣȔȐ ȗȖȌșȚȘȐȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ
ȟȍȚȒȐȔ ȚȖȕȒȐȔ ȕȖșȖȔ țȏȒȐȔȐ ȋțȉȈȔȐ ȕȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȔ ȘțșșȒȐȔ ȖȊȈȓȖȔ
ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȓȐȠȍȕȈ ȏȍȔȕȖȑ ȒȖșȕȖșȚȐ
ǰȔȧ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȍȡȍ ȔȈȓȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ Ƕ ȍȍ șȚȐȝȈȝ ©ǪȍȟȍȘ-
ȕȍȔ ȈȓȤȉȖȔȍª Ȑ ©ǪȖȓȠȍȉȕȖȔ ȜȖȕȈȘȍª ȏȕȈȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȐȍ ǵȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȗȍ-
ȟȈȚȕȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ ȔȣșȓȤ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȈȓȈ ȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ ȗțȚȧȔȐ Ȋ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȝȖ-
* ©Ɉ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɥɨɞɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɚ
ɏɨɬɹ ɫɩɟɲɢɬ ɧɚ ɭɛɵɥɶ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɱɚɫª
Ƚɟɪɰɨɝ Ʌɨɪɟɧɰɨ Ɇɟɞɢɱɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɡɜɚɧɢɸ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɥɟɩɧɵɣ (1449-1492), ɩɨɤɪɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ — Ɇɢɤɟɥɶ Ⱥɧɞɠɟɥɨ (Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɩɪɢɦ ɚɜɬ.).

215
Țȧ Ȑ țȏȒȐȍ șȓȖȐ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȕȈȧ șȐȓȈ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȕȖșȚȐ ȍȍ ȌțȝȈ
ȚȊȖȘȐȊȠȈȧ ȗȖȌȓȐȕȕȖ ȕȖȊțȦ ȜȖȘȔț Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȊȠȈȧ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȕȐȧ
ǪșȚȘȍȟȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ș ȕȍȦ țȉȍȎȌȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȌȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȐ ș ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ Ȏȍ Ȍȕȧ Ȑ ȊȍȘȐȓȐ Ȋ
ȍȋȖ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȘȖșȚ ǭșȓȐ Ȑȕȣȍ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȓȐ ǴȈȘȐȕț ȖȚȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ
ȚȖ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȈ ȕȍȏȈțȘȧȌȕȈȧ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȤ ǭȍ
ȗȖȥȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȌȈȘ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓ ȏȈ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȣ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȑ ȔȐȘȖȊȖșȗȘȐȧ-
ȚȐȧ ȌȈȕȕȖȑ ȥȗȖȝȐ ȅȚȖȚ ȌȈȘ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȝȖȎ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȎȍȕșȒȖȍ ȗȖȊșȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ ȊȖȏ-
ȔȖȎȕȖȍ ȖȉȈȧȕȐȍ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȎȍȕșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȦȡțȦ ȗȍșȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȋȍȌȖ-
ȕȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȕȐȍ ȐȏȊȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȏȖȊȈ ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ ǹȚȘȖȑ ȜȖȘȔ Ȑ șȚȘȖȑ ȐȌȍȑ
ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓȐ ȕȍȗȖȟȈȚțȦ ȕȖȊȤ
ǪȍȟȍȘȐȕȒȈ ȠțȔȍȓȈ ǪȖȓȕȣ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ ȉȖȓȚȖȊȕȐ ȔȐȘȕȖȋȖ ȏȊȖȕȈ ȗȖșțȌȣ
Ȑ șȔȍȝȈ ȘȖșȓȐ Ǫ ȏȐȧȦȡȍȔ ȗțșȚȖȔ Ȑ ȕȍȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȖȔ ȏȈȓȍ ȚȈȐȓȈșȤ ȗȍȡȍȘȈ ȕȖȟȐ
ǵȖ ȍȍ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓ Ǵȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȔ ȖșȚȘȖȊȍ ȗȖȌ șȍȕȤȦ ȓȍȋȍȕ-
ȌȈȘȕȣȝ ȒȖȕȍȑ ǩȍșȍȌȈ ȠțȚȒȐ ȜȓȐȘȚ ȈȘȖȔȈȚ ȌțȝȖȊ ȕȍȏȘȐȔȣȍ ȒȈȟȍȓȐ ȋțȓȈ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ ȋȖȓȖșȖȊ ȖȗȤȧȕȧȓȐ ȖȚȘȣȊȈȓȐ ȖȚ ȔȣșȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȋȕȍ ȥȚȐȝ șȚȍȕ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ
ȔȐȘȍ — ȓȐȝȖȓȍȚȤȍ ǯȌȍșȤ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ ȘȈȕȍȕȣȝ ȕȐ ȐșȒȈȓȍȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȐ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȗȈȝȈ ȑȖȌȖȜȖȘȔȈ
ǷȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ©ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖșȚȐª ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȕȍțȌȈȟȕȣ ǵȖ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘ ǺȈȐ-
ȘȖȊȈ ȉȣȓ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȓȍȕ ȚȈȒ ȓȖȊȒȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȌȖ-
ȋȈȌȈȓșȧ Ȗ ȗȘȍȌȊȈȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ șȋȖȊȖȘȍ ǶȚȖȑȌȧ ȖȚ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȊȗȖȓȋȖȓȖșȈ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȊ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȋȖșȚȍȑ Ȉ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȚȤ ǺȈȐ-
ȘȖȊ țȔȍȓ Ȗȕ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓ ȟȚȖ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȍȚ Ȋ ȟȍșȚȤ ǷȍȚȐȗȈ ©ȥȒș-
ȗȘȖȔȚª ȀțȔ țȚȐȝ ǯȈȕȧȊ șȊȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȊȖȏȓȍ ǷȍȚȐȗȈ ǺȈȐȘȖȊ ȗȘȖȟȍȒȈȕȐȓ
©ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȕȈ Ȕȣ ȊȈș șȓțȠȈȍȔª ȅȝȖ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȓȈ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓȖ
©Ǵȣ ȊȈș șȓțȠȈȍȔ ...» ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȥȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȟțȌȐȓȖșȤ
ǪȍșȍȓȖ ȏȈȌȖȘȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ șȚȖȓȈ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȈ ǶȌȍȚȈ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȖș-
ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȍȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȏȈ ȊȖȓȤȕȖșȓțȠȈȚȍȓȤȕȐȞț țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ ȀȈ-
ȕȧȊșȒȖȚȖ ȖȟȈȋȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȖȊȖȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȎȐ ǪȏȋȓȧȕțȊ ȕȈ ǷȍȚȐȗȈ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎ-
ȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ șȞȍȕȣ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȚȘȧȝȕțȊ ȦȕȖȑ ©șȒȖȉȒȖȑª șȊȖȐȝ ȌțȠȐșȚȣȝ ȊȖȓȖș
ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȚȤ șȚȐȝȐ ǸȖȊȕȣȔ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȖȏȌȘȐ ț ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȈ ǼȖȘȔȈ ȕȖșȈ șȖȘȈȏȔȍȘȕȈȧ ș ȓȍȋȒȖȑ ȋȖȘȉȐȕȒȖȑ ȗȘȍȊȖș-
ȝȖȌȕȖ șȖȟȍȚȈȓȈșȤ ș ȍȍ ȊȣșȖȒȐȔ ȒȘțȚȣȔ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȓȉȖȔ ǵȖ șȍȘȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣ ȅȚȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ șȚȘȈȝȈ ȊșȍȋȖ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȔȖ-
ȓȤȉȣ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖșȚȐ
ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ȕȍ ȘȈșȗȍȊȈȓȈ șȊȖȐȝ șȚȐȝȖȊ ǶȕȈ ȉȍȏȏȈȊȍȚȕȖ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ șȓȖȊȖ ȍȋȖ șȈ-
ȔȖșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȈȘȝȐȚȍȒȚȖȕȐȒț ǶȉȘȈȡȈȧșȤ Ȓ ǷȍȚȐȗȈ ȕȈ ©Țȣª ȉȘȖ-
șȈȧ ȍȔț ȋȖȘȌȍȓȐȊȖ-ȐȋȘȐȊȣȑ ȊȣȏȖȊ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȓȈ ȍȔț ȘȣȞȈȘȦ
ȟȍșȚȐ Ȑ ȠȗȈȋȐ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȑ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǵȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȑ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȚȤ ȕȍ ȉȓȈȎȤ ȕȍ
ȗȘȐȟțȌȣ ǭȑ ȕțȎȍȕ ȖȉȍȚ Ȉ ȏȈȓȖȋȖȔ ȗțșȚȤ ȗȖșȓțȎȈȚ ȍȋȖ ȟȍșȚȤ Ȑ ȠȗȈȋȈ ǬȈȘ ȏȈ
ȌȈȘ ȊȍȘȕȖșȚȤ ȏȈ ȊȍȘȕȖșȚȤ ȕȖ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȏȈ ȊȍȘȖȓȖȔșȚȊȖ ǻȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȖ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖ-
ȊȈȕȕȣȑ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ ȗȖȥȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȈȘȝȈȐȏȔ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓ Ȓ ȊȕȍȠȕȍȑ ȜȖȘȔȍ ȥȗȖȝȐ
ǳȦȌȖȊȐȒȈ XIV. ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȐ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȕȐ ȗȖȏȎȍ ȧ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ șȚȖȓȤ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȥȘȖȚȐȒȐ ǵȖ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȘȖȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȚȍȔȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȚțȌȍȕȈ Ȟȍ-
ȓȖȔțȌȘȍȕȕȈ ȓȐȠȍȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȈ ȐȓȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ǹȖ-

216
ȕȍȚ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȞȖȔ ȗȖȥȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏțȔȈ Ǩ ȍȌȊȈ țȓȖȊȐȔȣȑ ȖȚȚȍȕȖȒ ȐȘȖȕȐȐ șȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ș ȘȈșȟȍȚȖȔ țȕȐȟ-
ȚȖȎȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȣȑ șȔȣșȓ
ǹȟȈșȚȓȐȊȈȧ ȦȕȖȠȍșȒȐ ȋȖȘȌȈȧ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ǺȍȠȐȓȐ ȓȐ ȍȍ ȈȗȓȖ-
ȌȐșȔȍȕȚȣ" ǵȐ Ȋ ȒȖȍȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ǶȕȈ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȔ Ȑȝ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓȈ ǷȖȏ-
Ȏȍ Ȋ ȉȍȎȍȕșȚȊȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȧșȤ ș ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȓȍȚ ȟțȚȤ ȓȐ ȕȍ
ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ ȧ țȉȍȌȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ șȚȘȈșȚȤȦ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ șȚȘȈșȚȤȦ țȔșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ț ǴȈȘȐȕȣ ȉȣȓȈ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȓ șȓȖȊț Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȚȈȑȕȍ ǲȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȥȚț ȚȈȑȕț ȗȘȐȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȊȈȓȈ ȐȓȐ țȔȍȓȈ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȚȤ ȍȦ șȖȖȉȡȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȉȓȐȎȕȍȔț ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȎȌȈȓȈ ȕȐ
ȔȏȌȣ șȓȈȊȣ ȕȐ ȔȏȌȣ ȗȖȟȍȚȈ ȐȓȐ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȕȈȋȘȈȌȣ ǩȖȎȤȍȑ ȔȐȓȖșȚȤȦ
ȚȊȖȘȍȞ șȈȔȣȑ ȉȍșȒȖȘȣșȚȕȣȑ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ — ȚȈȒȖȊȈ ȉȣȓȈ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ Ȋ ȦȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ
ȏȘȍȓȣȍ ȋȖȌȣ Ȑ ȧ țȊȍȘȍȕ Ȋ ȚȘȈȋȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȋȖȌȐȕț, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȖȕȈ șȍȉȧ țȌțȠȐȓȈ ȕȖ
țȌțȠȐȓȐ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȊȠȐȍ ȍȍ ȌȊȈ țȕȐȊȍȘșȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȐșȟȈȌȐȧ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȟȐ-
ȕȖȊȕȐȒ Ȑ ȗȈȓȈȟ
©ȅȒșȗȘȖȔȚª ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȗȐșȈȓșȧ ȕȍ ȟȈș Ȑ ȕȍ ȌȊȈ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ
ȌȍȕȤ ȕȖȟȤ ǸȍȔȍșȓȖ Ȋ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȍȔ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȍ-
ȕȐȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚȊȈ ȕȖ Ȑ ȥȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șȔȣșȓȈ ǵȍȌȈȘȖȔ ȥȚȐȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȏȊȈ-
ȓȈ ȖȌȕț Ȑȏ șȊȖȐȝ ȒȕȐȋ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȗȐșȈȓ ȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȚȐȝȐ ǷȍȚȐȗȈ ǭșȓȐ Ȗȕ
Ȑȝ Ȑ ȗȐșȈȓ ȚȖ ȍȋȖ ©ȥȒșȗȘȖȔȚª-ȖȚȊȍȚ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕ ȒȍȔ-ȚȖ ȒȚȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȓ
ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒțȦ ȓȦȉȖȊȕțȦ ȓȐȘȐȒț ǷȍȚȐȗȈ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓ ȗȘȐȏȣȊ-ȊȣȏȖȊ ǷȍȚȐȗȈ ȖȚ-
ȊȍȠȐȊȈȓ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȑ Ȑ țȟȚȐȊȣȑ ȗȖȒȓȖȕ ȌțȝȖȊȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȚȖȔȒȈ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘȈ ǩȍȘȎȍȘȈ-
ȒȈ
«Je jette Ȉvȍș grâce mȖn feutre...»*
ǷȍȚȐȗȈ ȗȖșȊȧȡȈȓ șȊȖȦ ȠȗȈȋț ȠȗȈȋț ǹȐȘȈȕȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȌȈȔȍ Ȉ ȍȋȖ ȠȗȈȋȈ Ȑ
ȟȍșȚȤ — ȕȍȖȚȌȍȓȐȔȣ Ȋ șȟȈșȚȤȍ Ȋ ȉȍȌȍ Ȋ ȊȍȟȕȖșȚȐ ǵȖ ȐȋȘȐȊȈȧ ȕȖȚȈ ȋȈȓȈȕȚȕȖȑ
ȠțȚȒȐ ȏȊțȟȈȓȈ ȗȖȉȖȟȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ©ǵȍ ȉțȌȤȚȍ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȕȈȐȊȕȣ ǵȍ
ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȑȚȍ ȔȈșȒȈȘȈȌȈ ȏȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤª
ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȗȍȚȐȔȍȚȘ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȗȖȏȐȘțȧ ȓȦȉțȧșȤ șȖȉȖȦ țȊȍ-
Șȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ țșȗȍȝȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȕȖȔ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȐ ǰ ȍșȓȐ Ȋ șȚȐȝȈȝ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȖȑ
ȗȍȘȟȈȚȒȍ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ țȋȈȌȣȊȈȓșȧ ȔȖȘȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȈȜȖș țȕȈșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȖȚ ȀȐȓ-
ȓȍȘȈ ȚȖ Ȋ ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȕȖȔ ȖȚȊȍȚȍ ǷȍȚȐȗȈ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ țȓȖȊȐȚȤ ǷȈȘȕȐ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ
ȗȘȖȏȣ ǳȈȒȓȖ
* ©Ɇɨɣ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɣ ɭɛɨɪ ɫɪɵɜɚɸ ɹ ɢɡɹɳɧɨª ɋɬɢɯ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɢɬɨɦɭ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡ-
ɫɤɨɦɭ ɩɨɷɬɭ ɢ ɞɪɚɦɚɬɭɪɝɭ ɗɞɦɨɧɞɭ Ɋɨɫɬɚɧɭ (1868-1918), ɚɜɬɨɪɭ ©ɋɢɪɚɧɨ ɞɟ Ȼɟɪɠɟɪɚɤɚª
©ɒɚɧɬɟɤɥɟɪɚª ©Ɉɪɥɟɧɤɚª ɢ ɬ ɞ.

217
ǯǾǳǺȍ ǱǳȀȀǼ
«Dann denke ich: Du wärst der Letzte,
dem ich mich vertraue. Und sein Blick
scheint wieder zu sagen: Mag ich also
wenigstens der Letzte sein».
Franz Kafka **
ǴȍȎȌț ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȈȔȐ ȓȦȉȖȑ ȚȦȘȤȔȣ Ȑ ȖȉȡȍȎȐȚȐȧ Ȍȓȧ ȘțșșȒȐȝ șȚțȌȍȕȚȖȊ ȕȈ
ȖȒȘȈȐȕȍ ǷȘȈȋȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȘȈȏȕȐȞȣ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǲȖȘȐȌȖȘȣ țȕȣȓȣ ȊșȦȌț ȉȍȏȓȐȒȐ
Ȉ ȗȖȘȖȦ șȚȘȈȠȕȣ
«ǹȊȖȉȖȌȈȘȕȈª — ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝȥȚȈȎȕȖȍ ȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖșȍȓȍȕȣ ȉȍȎȍȕȞȣ-șȚȐ-
ȗȍȕȌȐȈȚȣ ȟȍȝȖșȓȖȊȈȞȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȊȔȍȡȈȓȈ ȗȖ ȖȉȍȐȔ șȚȖȘȖȕȈȔ șȊȖȐȝ
țȏȒȐȝ Țțȕȕȍȓȍȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȖȚ ©ȒȈȉȐȕȖȒª ǺȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȖȕȐ ȊȗȓȖȚȕțȦ ǶȚȌȍȓȧȓȐ
Ȑȝ ȚȖȕȒȐȍ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȘȖȌȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȍ ȌȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȌȖ ȞȍȔȍȕȚȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȈ Ȑ ȕȍ țȗȐ-
ȘȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȖȚȖȓȖȒ ǲȘȖȔȍ ȒȖȑȒȐ ȖȚșȚȖȧȊȠȍȑ ȖȚ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȖȑ șȚȍȕȣ ȕȍ
ȉȖȓȍȍ ȔȍȚȘȈ Ȑ ȊȐșȍȊȠȍȑ ȕȈȌ ȕȍȦ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȓȈȔȗȖȟȒȐ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊ-
ȒȐ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȖȒȕȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȐȌȕȣ ȗțșȚȣȘȐ șȖ ȠȓȈȒȖȔ ȜȈȉȘȐȟȕȣȍ ȚȘțȉȣ
ȗȐȊȕȣȍ Ȉ Ȋ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȐȐ ȓȣșȣȍ ȝȖȓȔȣ
ǽȔțȘȈȧ ǷȘȈȋȈ ș ȍȍ ȗȈȘȒȈȔȐ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȔȐ ȌȊȖȘȞȈȔȐ ȏȈȕȧȚȣȔȐ ȗȖșȓȍ ȊȖȑȕȣ
ȉȍșȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȕȞȍȓȧȘȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȋȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ șȖȉȖȘȖȔ, ȉȣȓȈ
ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ǲȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȌ ȊȍȟȍȘ șȚțȌȍȕȚȣ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȍ ȉȣȊȠȐȍ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ ǬȖȉȘȖ-
ȊȖȓȤȟȍșȒȖȑ ȈȘȔȐȐ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȑ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȖȉȡȍȎȐȚȐȍ ȗȘȍȊ-
ȘȈȡȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡțȦ ȒȈȏȈȘȔț ǭȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȖȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ
Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ țȚȘȍȕȕȍȑ ȗȖȉțȌȒȐ Ȑ ȏȈȘȐ
ǲȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ǹ ȇ ȅȜȘȖȕ șțȔȍȓ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȖ șȊȧȏȈȚȤșȧ ș ǴȈȘȐȕȖȑ ȖșȚȈȊ-
Ƞȍȑșȧ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ Ƕȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȧ ȍȋȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ ǵȍ-
șȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȔ ǬȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȟȍșȒȖȑ ȈȘȔȐȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȍȓȈȓ ǲț-
ȉȈȕșȒȐȑ ȗȖȝȖȌ șȖșȚȖȧȓ ȟȓȍȕȖȔ șȖȦȏȈ ȍȋȖ țȟȈșȚȕȐȒȖȊ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȓțȟȈȓ
ȖȚ ȕȍȍ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȕȖ Ȑ șȚȐȝȐ Ǫ ȕȐȝ ȏȊțȟȈȓȈ ȗȖȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ ȕȍȎȕȖșȚȤ ȕȍȎȕȖșȚȤ ȟȐș-
ȚȖ ȌțȝȖȊȕȈȧ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȐȍ ȚȍȒțȡȍȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ǷțȚȍ-
ȠȍșȚȊțȧ ș ȅȜȘȖȕȖȔ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȔȍșȧȞ Ȋ ȚȖȊȈȘȕȖȔ ȕȍȖȚȈȗȓȐȊȈȍȔȖȔ ȊȈȋȖȕȍ Ȑȏ ǲȖȕ-
șȚȈȕȚȐȕȖȗȖȓȧ Ȋ ǷȘȈȋț Ȋ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȖșȍȕȕȐȍ ȕȖȟȐ Ȕȕȍ ȌȖȊȍȓȖșȤ șȓȣȠȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ
ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ Ȗ ǴȈȘȐȕȍ ǷȘȐȘȖȌȈ ȓȐȠȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȈ ǭșȓȐ ȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ
ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȗ ȊȕȍȠȕȍȑ șțȌȤȉȍ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ
țȓȖȊȐȓ ȍȍ ȌțȝȖȊȕȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȕȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖșȤ ȅȜȘȖȕț Ǫ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȝ
ȏȈȔȍȟȈȕȐȧȝ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖșȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗ Ȏȍȕȍ ȏȊțȟȈȓȖ ȚȐȝȖȍ ȊȖșȝȐȡȍ-
ȕȐȍ ǬȈ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȘȍȟȈȝ ȐȔȍȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȊȐȌț Ȑ ȕȍ ȎȍȕȈ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȦ ȍȍ
** ©Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɹ ɞɭɦɚɸ Ɍɵ ɛɵɥ ɛɵ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɬɟɯ ɤɨɦɭ ɹ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɥɫɹ ɛɵ ɂ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ ɟɝɨ ɤɚɤ
ɛɭɞɬɨ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ Ɇɨɝɭ ɥɢ ɹ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɦª ȼɵɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚ Ɏɪɚɧ-
ɰɚ Ʉɚɮɤɢ (1883-1924) ©Ɉɞɢɧɧɚɞɰɚɬɶ ɫɵɧɨɜɟɣª ɋɬɢɯɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɚ ɢ ɯɚɨɫɚ ɜ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɭɞɶɛɟ
— ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ Ʉɚɮɤɢ

218
ȐșȚȖȓȒȖȊȣȊȈȓ ȅȜȘȖȕ — Ȋ ȗȖȕȖȠȍȕȕȖȑ ȠȐȕȍȓȐ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȑ ȖȜȐȞȍȘșȒȖȑ ȜțȘȈȎ-
Ȓȍ ș ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖ-ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȋ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȐ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȉȍȌȣ — ȉȣȓȈ
ȒȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȟȈȠȍȦ ȔțȌȘȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤșȒȖȋȖ ȌȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ Ǫ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȝ ȕȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ ȝȖȌțȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȈ ȗȖȠȓȖȋȖ ȉȈȝȊȈȓȤșȚȊȈ
ǪȚȈȑȕȍ Ȗȕ ȉȍȏȖȋȖȊȖȘȖȟȕȖ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌșȚȊȖ ǴȈȘȐȕȣ ȕȈȌ șȖȉȖȦ ȕȈȌ
ȊșȍȔȐ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȥȚȈȔȐ ȕȈȌ ȊșȍȔ ȍȍ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȐȍȔ ǹȓȍȗȈȧ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȑ Ȋșȧ-
ȒȖȍ ȖȉȖȎȈȕȐȍ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȍ ǵȖ ȅȜȘȖȕ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ Ȋșȍ-
ȋȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȚȍȘȏȈȍȔȖȋȖ ȚȖșȒȖȑ ȊȖȎȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ ǼȈȒȍȓ șȊȍȚȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȑ Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ǴȈȘȐȕȣ ȒȈȒ ȧ țȉȍȌȐȓșȧ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȉȣȓ ȊȖȐșȚȐȕț ȊȘțȟȍȕ ȍȑ
șțȌȤȉȖȑ ǰ ȧ ȕȍ ȉȖȦșȤ ȌȖșțȎȐȝ ȒȘȐȚȐȒȖȊ șȊȣȠȍ ȅȚȖȚ șȊȍȚ ȥȚȖȚ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ
ȕȐ ȚȍȗȓȖȔ ȖȟȈȋȈ ȕȐ ȗțȚȍȊȖȌȕȣȔ ȔȈȧȒȖȔ ȕȐ ȊșȗȣȠȒȖȑ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȜȍȑȍȘ-
ȊȍȘȒȈ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȍ șȐȧȕȐȍ ǴȓȍȟȕȖȋȖ ǷțȚȐ ȍȋȖ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȖȗȓȖȡȍ-
ȕȐȍ ǰșȚȖȟȕȐȒ ȉȣȚȐȧ ȊșȍȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓșȧ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȔ Ǵȓȍȟȕȣȑ ǷțȚȤ
ȗȐȚȈȓ Ȑ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȖ ǴȈȘȐȕȣ — șȚȐȝȐȑȕȖȍ, Ȋȕȍ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ ȊȕȍȏȍȔȕȖȍ Ȋ ȏȍȔȕȖȔ
ȗȘȍșțȡȍșȚȊȓȍȕȐȐ.
Ǫ ȜȍȊȘȈȓȍ ȐȓȐ ȔȈȘȚȍ 1922 ȋȖȌȈ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ țȏȒȖȔ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ ș șțȚțȓȐȊ-
ȠȐȔșȧ ȅȜȘȖȕȖȔ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȍ țȓȣȉȒț ǻșȚȈȓțȦ ȕȖ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕțȦ Ƕȕ
ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȊȖȑȚȐ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȉȐȕȒț ǰ ȊȗȖȓȋȖȓȖșȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ țșȓȣȠȈȓȐ ȏȈ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȋȖȘȖȌȒȖȑ ©ȇ ȝȖȟț ȗȖȌȍȓȐȚȤșȧ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȕȖȊȖșȚȤȦ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȈ ȘȈȏȘȍ-
ȠȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȊȣȍȏȌ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞțª ǶȉȈ Ȕȣ ȗȖȘȈȌȖȊȈȓȐșȤ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȑ ȊȍșȚȐ Ho
ȅȜȘȖȕ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȔȖȓȟȈȚȤ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ǷȘȖȊȖȒȈȚȖȘȖȊ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȘȍȌȐ șȚț-
ȌȍȕȚȖȊ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȖ ȅȜȘȖȕ ȉȣȓ ȘȖȉȒȐȔ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ Ȉ ȗȖȌȟȈș Ȑ ȕȍ-
ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȐȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ
ǴȧȚȍȎȕȣȑ ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȣȑ ǼȘȈȕȟȍșȒȖ ǩȖȘȘȖȔȐȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ șȈȔȣȝ ȖȌȈȘȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ șȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȍȑ șȍȔȕȈȌȞȈȚȖȋȖ ȊȍȒȈ ȏȈȒȖȓȖȊȠȐȑ șȍȉȧ Ȋ șȚȈȘȖșȚȐ ȒȐȕȎȈȓȖȔ ȕȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȓ ȏȈȊȐșȚȤ ȘȖȌȕȣȔ ȉȘȈȚȖȔ ȅȜȘȖȕ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ șȊȖȦ ȕȍȏȈțȘȧȌȕțȦ ȒțȓȤȚțȘ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȊșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȚȡȍșȓȈȊȕȖ Ȑ ȏȈȊȐșȚȓȐȊȖ ȐșȒȈȓ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȑ
ȈȊȈȕȚȦȘȍ ȐȉȖ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȍ ȉȣȓ Ȗȕ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȔ Ȋ ȋȖȌȣ șȚțȌȍȕȟȍ-
șȚȊȈ Ȋ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȈȝ șȚȈȚȤ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȍȔ Ƕ ȍȋȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ
ȊȘȍȔȧ ǵȖ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ș ȓȐȠȕȐȔ ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ, Ȕȍȕȧ țȌȐȊȐȓȐ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȣ Ȋ
ȍȋȖ ȒȓȍȚțȠȒȍ ǵȈ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȘȖȌȒȍ, ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȕȖȗȒȈȔȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȍȟȈȚȕȣȍ ȊȖș-
ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȞȈȘșȒȖȑ șȍȔȤȐ Ȑ ȗȈȚȘȐȈȘȝȈ ǺȐȝȖȕȈ ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȧ Ȋ ȐșȒȘȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȔȖȕȈȘȝȐȟȍșȒȐȝ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȐȑ ȅȜȘȖȕȈ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȖȏȕȖȔ ȔȐ-
ȘȖȖȡțȡȍȕȐȐ ȧ ȊȖȗȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȖ Ȋ țȗȖȘ șȚȈȓ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȍȔț Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ... Ƕȕ ȧȊȕȖ
șȔțȚȐȓșȧ ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȗ ȔțȟȍȕȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȒȖȕȟȐȕȍ ȋȖșțȌȈȘȧ Ȑ ȍȋȖ șȍȔȤȐ
Ȗ ȗȖȌȊȐȋȍ ȗȈȚȘȐȈȘȝȈ
— ©ǾȈȘȧ Ȑ ȍȋȖ șȍȔȤȦ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏ Ǫȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ, ȗȘȐ ȒȈȒȐȝ Ȗȉ-
șȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȝ... ǵȈșȐȓȤșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȋȣ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȐ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ — ȕȍ ȖȚȊȓȍȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȜȈȒȚ ȕȍ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȍ țȟȍȉȕȐȒȈ Ȑș-
ȚȖȘȐȐ ǻȟȈșȚȤ Ȑȝ ȚȘȈȋȐȟȕȈ ǵȖ ȕȍțȎȍȓȐ Ȋȣ ȊȍȘȐȚȍ Ȋ ȚȖ — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ șțȝȖ — ȟȚȖ
ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ ȊșȗȧȚȤ"ª — ǵȐ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȕȍ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȧșȤ Ȍȓȧ ȟȍȋȖ ȗȖ-
ȕȈȌȖȉȐȓșȧ ȅȜȘȖȕț ȥȚȖȚ ȐȒȖȕȖșȚȈș Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȕȣȕȍȠȕȍȔ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȐȐ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ©ǪșȨ
ȥȚȖ ȘȖȔȈȕȚȐȒȈ... Ǭȓȧ ȟȍȋȖ ȖȕȈ ȊȈȔ ȕțȎȕȈ"ª Ƕȕ ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȚȤ ȖȉȢȧș-
ȕȐȚȤ ǵȖ ȧ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȘȈȏ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ǯȈȡȐȚȕȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ ȓȐ-
ȟȐȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȍ ȅȜȘȖȕȈ ǩȐȖȓȖȋȐȧ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȥȚț șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ ȔȐȔȐȒ-

219
ȘȐȍȑ ǸțșșȒȐȑ ȧȏȣȒ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȉȖȋȈȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȗȘȐșȗȖșȖȉȓȧȍȔȖ-
șȚȤȦ
ǽǾǼȀǶǰǼǾǳȅǶǳ ǿǹǮǱǮǳǺȉȃ
«Car les mains ont leur caractère
C'est tout un monde en mouvement
Où le pouce et l’Ȉuriculaire
Donnent les pôles de l’aimant».
Paul Verlaine («Mains»)*
ǫȓțȉȖȒȈȧ șȣȘȈȧ ȓȖȡȐȕȈ ș ȌȈȟȕȣȔ ȗȖșȍȓȒȖȔ ©ǪȠȍȕȖȘȣª ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ǷȘȈȋȐ
ȕȍȗȘȐȊȍȚȓȐȊȈ ǬȈȎȍ Ȋ ȏȕȖȑȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȕȍȚ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ǵȐȏȒȖȘȖșȓȣȑ ȊȍȘȍșȒ
ȟȍȘȕȐȒȈ Ȋ șȔȍȠȈȕȕȖȔ ȓȍșț ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȒȐȝ ȝȖȓȔȈȝ șȔȍȕȧȦȚșȧ ȗȈȗȖȘȖȚȕȐȒȖȔ ț ȚȐ-
ȝȖ ȉțȓȤȒȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȘțȟȤȧ ǭȔț ȊȚȖȘȧȚ ȊȣșȖȒȐȍ ȚȘȍȗȍȡțȡȐȍ ȖȓȤȝȐ ǪȉȓȐȏȐ ȕȍȏȈ-
ȚȍȑȓȐȊȣȍ ȌȈȟȐ ȋȖșȚȐȕȐȞȈ ș ȒȍȋȍȓȤȉȈȕȖȔ ȗȘȖȗȈȝȕțȊȠȈȧ ȗȐȊȖȔ ȎȐȓȐȡȈ Ȏȍ-
ȓȍȏȕȖȌȖȘȖȎȕȐȒȖȊ ǵȖ șȖ șȒȓȖȕȈ șȍȊȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȝȖȓȔȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȊȐȌ ȕȈ ȌȖȓȐȕț
Ǫ ȕȍȑ ȗȖȒȖȑ ȔȐȘ Ȉ ȕȈȌ ȕȍȦ ȋȓțȉȖȒȈȧ ȓȈȏțȘȤ ȚȊȍȘȌȐ ȕȍȉȍșȕȖȑ ǴȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Țȍ-
ȟȍȚ șȘȍȌȐ ȗȖȓȍȑ ȘȍȒȈ ǪȐȌȕȣ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȒȖȓȍȉȓȍȔȖȑ ȊȍȚȘȖȔ ȗȠȍȕȐȞȣ ǬȖȘȖȋȈ ȒȘț-
ȚȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȍȔȖȔț ȔȕȖȦ ȌȖȔȐȒț
ǵȍ ȚȖȘȖȗȧșȤ ȗȖ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȕȕȖȔț ȡȍȉȕȦ Ȓ ȏȈȉȖȘț ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȚ ȅȜȘȖȕ Ȑ ǴȈȘȐ-
ȕȈ ǶȕȈ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚțȗȈȍȚ ȔȖȑ ȗȖȘȖȋ ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȍȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ
ǵȈ ȕȍȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȚȐȘȖȓȤșȒȐȍ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ ȉȖȚȐȕȒȐ ș ȉȖȓȚȈȦȡȐȔȐșȧ ȗȖȊȍȘȝ ȠȕțȘ-
ȒȖȊ ȧȏȣȒȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ȒȖȎȐ ǫȓȈȏȈ ǴȈȘȐȕȣ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȚȘȈȕ-
șȚȊțȦȡȍȋȖ ȧșȚȘȍȉȈ ǵȖ ȖȕȐ țȚȘȈȚȐȓȐ ȊȍșȍȓȖșȚȤ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȊȣȞȊȍȓȐ ǩȓȍșȒ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
ȌȈ șȔȍȕȐȓșȧ ȌțȔȖȑ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȣȔ ȘȈȏȌțȔȤȍȔ ǹȚȘȖȑȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȋȐȉȒȖșȚȤ ȦȕȖȋȖ Țȍ-
ȓȈ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȥȚȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȊȠȈȧ ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȐȊȠȈȧșȧ ȚȍȕȤ ȚȖȑ
ȗȈȔȧȚȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǸȖȒșȈȕȈ-ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȍȑ ȉțȌȍȚ șțȎȌȍȕȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȐȏȕȍșȚȐ: «Ah! que de choses qui sont mortes... qui sont nées!»** ǫȖȓȖȊȈ ȗȈȎȈ Țȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȋțȔȈȕȐșȚȈ ǷȓȈȚȐȕȣ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȍȕȕȖ țșȚȈȊȠȍȋȖ ǿȍȘ-
Țȣ ȊșȨ Țȍ Ȏȍ" ǵȍȚ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȔȍȡȈȍȚ Ȑ ȟȍȘȚȣ ȓȐȞȈ ǶȊȈȓ șȚȈȓ ȠȐȘȍ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ șȚȘȖ-
ȋțȦ ȟȍȚȒȖșȚȤ ǷȘȐȟȍșȒȈ ȚȈ Ȏȍ ȕȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ ȖȉȓȐȒ șȍȓȤșȒȖȑ țȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȣ
* ©ȼ ɪɭɤɚɯ ɜɟɞɶ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɨɫɨɛɵɣ ɫɦɵɫɥ
ȼ ɧɢɯ ɰɟɥɵɣ ɦɢɪ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɶɹ
Ƚɞɟ ɤɚɤ ɦɢɡɢɧɟɰ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɬ
Ɍɜɨɪɹɬ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɸɫɨɜ ɛɨɪɟɧɶɟª
ɉɨɥɶ ȼɟɪɥɟɧ (1844-1896), ɡɧɚɦɟɧɢɬɵɣ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɷɬ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɢɦɜɨ-
ɥɢɡɦɚ
**©Ⱥɯ ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɟɥ ɢɫɱɟɡɥɨ ɜ ɩɪɚɯɟ ɢ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚɪɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɜɧɨɜɶª ɋɬɪɨɤɚ ɢɡ ©ɋɢɪɚɧɨ ɞɟ Ȼɟɪ-
ɠɟɪɚɤɚª ɗ Ɋɨɫɬɚɧɚ

220
ǪȖȓȖșȣ șȚȈȘȍȦȚ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȖȕȐ ȖȚȧȎȍȓȍȓȐ
ǵȍȘȧȠȓȐȊȖșȚȤ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ ȖȚȔȍȟȈȍȚ ȘțșșȒȐȝ ǷȖȎȈȓțȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ șȈȔȖȑ ȖȌȍȎ-
Ȍȣ ȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȍȍ ȕȖșȧȚ ǹȒȐȜșȒȈȧ ȘțȉȈȝȈ ȕȈȓȖȎȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȗȍȟȈȚȤ Țȣ-
șȧȟȍȓȍȚȐȑ ǹ ȕȍȑ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȘȈșșȚȈȚȤșȧ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ Ȑ ȖȌȍȎȌȈ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ ȏȈȉȖȚȖȑ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ ǶȕȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȈ ȐȏȧȡȍșȚȊȖȔ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈ-
ȓȈ Ȗ ȊȕȍȠȕȖșȚȐ ǷȘȍȕȍȉȘȍȎȍȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȓ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȍ ȕȖ Ȑ Ȓ
ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȦ ȖȉȓȐȟȤȧ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ȊȗȐȚȈȓȈ Ȋ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȉȍȏ ȘȈȏȌțȔȤȧ
ǷȓȈȚȤȍ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȌȕȖ ȕȍȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖ ȖȚ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȒȘȖȧ ȞȊȍȚȈ ȚȒȈȕȐ ȖȕȖ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȋȓțȝȖ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȊȈȓȖ ȍȍ ȕȈȋȖȚț ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȚȤ Ȗ ȕȍȑ ǲȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ
ȗȈȘȐȎșȒȐȑ ȗȖȘȚȕȖȑ șȓȈȊȐȊȠȐȑșȧ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȎȍȕșȒȐȔȐ ȕȈȘȧȌȈȔȐ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȖ
ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȓ șȊȖȦ ȏȈȌȈȟț Ȋ ȎȐȊȖȔ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȗȖȠȓȖȔ ȐȏȘȍȟȍȕȐȐ ©ǵțȎȕȖ ȌȖșȚȐȋ-
ȕțȚȤ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȌȍȊ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț Ȕȣ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȍȍ ȘȈȏȌȍȚȖȑª ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ țȔȍȍȚ
ȕȖșȐȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȓȍȟȖ ȗȓȈȡȈ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȍȑ ȕȍȗȘȐȕțȎȌȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ
ȟȍȔ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕȍȞ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȒȈȊȒȈȏșȒȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȞȈ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȍȚșȧ
ȎȐȊȖȗȐșȕȖșȚȤ ȉȈȠȓȣȒȈ Ȑ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȐȚ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȍȑ Ȋ ȌȖȓȖȔȈȕȍ ȟȍȔ
ȊȍȕȋȍȘȍȞ ǶȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȎȍȕșȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȈȧȕȐȧ Ȋ ǴȈȘȐȕȍ ȖȉțșȓȖȊȐȓȖ Ȑ ȍȍ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȑ
ȊȐȌ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȓȈșȤ ȘȧȌȐȚȤșȧ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȔȍȠȕȖ ǶȕȈ șȖȏ-
ȕȈȊȈȓȈ ȥȚȖ ȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȋȖȘȟȈȓȖ ȍȍ
ǶȗȣȚ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȚȖȍ Ȋ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȖȗȣȚ ȋȖȓȖȌȈ ȕȍȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȍȔȣ ǽȖȚȧ ȋȖȓȖȌ
ȗȍȘȊȐȟȍȕ ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ ȋȍȘȖȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȏȍȔșȚȊȈ ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȗȘȖȗȖȊȍȌ-
ȕȐȒ ȐȓȐ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ ȕȍ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȌȈȚȤ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȊșȒȘȣȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȊȓȈșȚȤ
ǵȈȘȖȌȕȈȧ ȔțȌȘȖșȚȤ ȏȈȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȓȈ ȥȚț Ȋ ȊȍȒȈȝ ȗȖȓȣșȍȊȠțȦ ȐșȚȐȕț ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ Ȑȏ-
ȊȍșȚȕȖȑ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȒȍ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȏȓȈ ș șȖȉȖȦ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȋȘȈȕȐȞț ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ șȚȘȈȝ ȚȖ
ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ ȋȖȓȖȌȈ ǪȖȑȌȧ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȒȖȍ-ȒȈȒ ȖȉȍȘȕțȚțȦ Ȋ ȋȈȏȍȚț ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠțȦ ȒȈșȚȘȦȓȦ
©ȇ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȈ ȊȈȔ ȒȈȠȐ Ǵȣ șȊȈȘȐȓȐ ȍȍ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȇ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓȈ ȕȍ
ȊȣȉȘȈșȣȊȈȚȤ Ȏȍ ȍȍª ǽȖȚȧ șȘȍȌșȚȊ ȕȈ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȖ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȈȓȖ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȗȖȌȈȘȒȍ ȧ ȕȍ ȕțȎȌȈȓșȧ Ƕȕ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ Ȕȕȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ ȕȍ-
țȒȓȦȎȍ ȕȍțȔȍșȚȕȣȔ ǵȖ ȗȖȉțȎȌȍȕȐȍ ǴȈȘȐȕȣ Ȕȕȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȧșȕȣȔ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȗȖȏȎȍ
ǹȖȊȍȚșȒȈȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȕȍ ȊȖȠȓȈ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȊȖȠȓȈ Ȋ ȔȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȖȗȣȚ ǵȖ ȕȈ ǴȈȘȐȕȍ ȖȕȈ șȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȔț șțȡȍșȚȊț ȗȘȐ-
ȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȖȔț ȉțȕȚȖȊȡȐȒț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȋ șȓțȟȈȍ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȐ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ Ȑ
ȗȍȘȍȌ ȒȘȈȎȍȑ ǵȖ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ș ȗȍȘȊȣȝ șȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ Ȍȕȍȑ șȊȖȍȑ
ȎȐȏȕȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȖȔ-ȖȌȐȕȖȟȒȖȑ ǩȖȘȤȉȈ ȏȈ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ ȉȣȓȈ
ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȈ
ǴȖȧ ȋȖșȚȤȧ ȌȣȔȐȓȈ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșȖȑ ǲțȘȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȕȍȒȘȈșȐȊȖ ȅȚȖ ȚȖȎȍ
ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȎȍșȚȈ ǹȈȔȣȔ ȐȏȧȡȕȣȔ ȒțȘȐȓȤȡȐȒȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ-
ȓȐȉȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȔȍȎȌțȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȈ ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ
ǩȈȑȒȖȊ șȈȔȣȔ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ — șȚȈȘȣȑ ȚțȘȖȒ Ȋ ȟȈȓȔȍ Ȋ ǹȚȈȔȉțȓȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȖȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ Ȋ ȒȖȜȍȑȕȦ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȣȔ ȕȍȉ-
ȘȐȚȣȔ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȊțȝȕȍȌȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍ ȗȘȐșȓȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȟȈȠȒț ȋȖ-
ȘȧȟȍȋȖ ȒȖȜȍ ȇ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȊȐȎț ȍȋȖ ȎȍșȚ ȗȘȐȊȍȚȈ ș ȌȣȔȧȡȐȔșȧ ȔțȕȌȠȚțȒȖȔ Ȋ
ȘțȒȍ ǶȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒțȘȧȚ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏȣ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȧ ȖȚ ȏȈȊșȍȋȌȈȚȈȍȊ ©ȉȐșȚȘȖª Ȑ ȒȖȕ-
ȟȈȧ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȖȔ Ȍȍ ǫȖȓȓȍȔ ȗȘȐȓȍȗȓȐȊȈȧ șȓȦȕȖȑ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșț Ȓ ȕȐȎȕȍȑ ȋțȉȍ
ǷȖ șȍȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȚȤ șȍȉȍ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ȊȣȌȣȝȈȚȤ

221
ȚȈȉȈȟȕȣȑ ȌȣȔ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȖȏȌȘȐ ǪȔȍșȚȖ ȗȖȘȚșȐȋȈȘȈ ț ȕȍȍ ȉȣȓȈ șȚȈȘȈȧ ȎȍșȚȧȕȈȧ
ȒȖȘȖȉȒȈ ȖȚ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȝ ȗȈȗȐȘȖș ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȑ ȔțȕȌȠȚțȒ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȖȎȎȍȕ ǭșȓȐ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ
ȌȖȒțȘȐȊȈȓȈ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșȣ ȖȕȈ ȊȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓȈ ȍȍ ȖșȚȈȚȖȒ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȋ ȒȖȘȖȉȒț ǷȍȘȍȎȐ-
ȚȈȧ ȕȐȡȍȚȈ ȕȈȊȣȒȐ ȕȍȘȧȠȍșȚȊȈ" ǭȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ șȖ șȓȍȌȈȔȐ ȕȐȒȖȚȐȕȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȖ-
ȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐ ȗȓȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȖȉȘȈȏțȦȡȍȑ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍ ȌȓȐȕȈ ȒȐșȚȐ ȕȖ ȍȍ ȠȐȘȐ-
ȕȈ ǩȣȓȖ ȧșȕȖ ȟȚȖ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ȕȍ țȝȈȎȐȊȈȓȈ ȏȈ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȖȋȚȧȔȐ ǿȚȖ
ȖȉțșȓȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȚ ȜȖȘȔț ȘțȒȐ" ǸȈșȈ ȕȈșȓȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȍȔȈȧ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȧ" ǵȈ
ȥȚȖȚ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ǼȘȈȕȞ ǳȐșȚ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȓ ȗȖ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȐȓȍȋȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ ȒȘțȋȈȔ ȕȖ ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȈȘȐșȚȖȒȘȈȚ ȍȋȖ ȥȗȖȝȐ ȕȍ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȓ ȉȖȓȍȍ
ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ǯȕȈȓȈ ȓȐ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȈ ȟȚȖ ȓȤșȚȐȊȣȑ ǪȈȕ ǬȍȑȒ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȧ Șț-
ȒȐ șȊȖȐȝ șȊȍȚșȒȐȝ ȏȈȒȈȏȟȐȒȖȊ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓșȧ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑ ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȔȖȌȍȓȤȦ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑ
ȚȍȔ Ȏȍ ȖȉȘȈȏȞȖȔ" ǯȕȈȓȈ ȓȐ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȈ ȟȚȖ $SȚ\S ȀȕȐȚȞȓȍȘ șȖȏȌȈȊȈȧ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ
©ǨȕȈȚȖȓȧª ȓȈȒȍȧ Ȋ ȒȈȜȍ ȖȚȋȈȌȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȌȘȈȔț Ȑ șțȌȤȉț Ȋ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȍ
ȍȋȖ ȘțȒ" Ǭȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȈ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖȑ ȈȕȈȚȖȔȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȈ ǴȈ-
ȘȐȕȣ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȍȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȌțȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȔȣșȓȐȚȍȓȧ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȧ șȖȟȍȚȈȕȐȍ
ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȊȍȒȖȊȣȝ ȒțȓȤȚțȘ Ȑ ȕȈȘȖȌȕȖșȚȍȑ ǸțȒȐ Ȏȍ ǺȈȒȐȍ ȘțȒȐ ș ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤȦ
șȎȐȋȈȓȐ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȔȍȡȐȟȤȐ țșȈȌȤȉȣ ȕȖ Ȑ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȔȐȘ
ǴǾǳǯǶǷǿǮǺǼǼȀǰǳǾǴǳǻǻȉȃ
©ǲ ȟȍșȚȐ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȑ ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȐ ȕȈȌȖȉȕȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ
ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȘțșșȒȖȔ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȉȐȚȈȍȚ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ
ȊȏȧȚȤ șȚȖȘȖȕț țȋȕȍȚȍȕȕȖȋȖª
ǫȖȋȖȓȤ
Ǵȣ ȖȚȌȣȝȈȓȐ Ȋ ȚȍȕȐ șȚȈȘȖȑ ȉțȒȖȊȖȑ ȘȖȡȐ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȍȏ
Ƞȓȧȗȣ ǹȐȌȧ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐșȓȖȕȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ șȍȘȖ-ȏȈȔȠȍȊȖȔț șȚȊȖȓț șȚȘȖȑȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ
ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȔț ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȓȍȚ" ǴȖȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȉțȒ țȎȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȘȈșȚȈȓ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȟȐȚȈȊȠȍȋȖ șȚȐȝȐ ǨȕȌȘȍ ȀȍȕȤȍ ȊȍȏȓȐ ȕȈ ȥȠȈȜȖȚ ȉȣȓȖ țȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȖ Ǫ
ȥȚȖ ȓȍȚȖ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ȔȖȋȓȈ ș ȗȘȈȊȖȔ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȚȤ șȚȐȝȐ ǷțȠȒȐȕȈ
©ǯȖȊȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȘțȋȈȧ ȚȍȕȤ
ǬȈȊȕȖ ȉȍȏ ȗȍșȍȕ ȉȍȏ ȘȣȌȈȕȐȑ
ǹ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȑ ȗȓȈȝȐ Ȋ ȌȕȐ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȑ
ǹȖȠȍȌȠȈȧ Ȋ ȔȖȋȐȓȤȕț șȍȕȤª
ǺȍȕȤ ȀȍȕȤȍ ȏȊȈȓȈ ǴȈȘȐȕț ǿțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȍȍ ȔȣșȓȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȊșȍȞȍȓȖ ȗȖ-
ȋȓȖȡȍȕȈ șțȌȤȉȖȦ ȗȖȥȚȈ ȖȚȊȍȘȋȠȍȋȖ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȦ ȊȖșșȚȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ
ȕȈșȐȓȐȧ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȓȎȐ ǶȕȈ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȑȚȐ Ȗ Ȁȍ-
ȕȤȍ Ȋ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȈȝ ȗȐșȈȓȈ Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȗȖȥȔț ǶȚȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȟȍȘȕȐ șȖ-
ȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȐșȒȈȏȐȚȍȓȧȔ ȗȘȈȊȌȣ ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȚȍȘȘȖȘț ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȓȧȓȐ ȝțȌȖȎȍ-

222
ɋɢɞɹɬ Ɇ ɐɜɟɬɚɟɜɚ ȿ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ Ʉ Ɋɨɞɡɟɜɢɱ Ɉ Ɍɭɪɠɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɋɬɨɹɬ
ɋ ɗɮɪɨɧ ɇ. ȿɥɟɧɟɜ  ɝ
șȚȊȍȕȕțȦ șȖȊȍșȚȤ ǴȈȘȐȕȣ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ țȟȈșȚȤ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȀȍȕȤȍ
Ȍȓȧ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȖșȖȏȕȈȕȕȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȒȐ ȟȈȍȔȣȔ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȋȖȔ
ǵȍ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȉȣȓȤ ȕȖ ȥȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȒȖȟțȦȡȈȧ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈ ȎȐȊțȡȈȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȐȓȐ
ȐȕȖȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȍ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȓȈ ȍȍ ȒȈȒ șȓțȟȈȓȖșȤ ȥȚȖ Ȑ șȖ ȔȕȖȋȐȔȐ ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ȗȐșȈȚȍ-
ȓȧȔȐ ǰșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȖȉȓȐȟȐȍ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ șȓțȟȈȧȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋȕȍ-
ȠȕȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ
ǴȈȘȐȕț ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȓȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȖ ȓȦȉȖȍ ȌȍȘȏȈȕȐȍ ȓȦȉȈȧ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ
ȍșȓȐ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȈ ȊȣȋȖȌȣ ȕȖ șȓțȎȐȓȈ ȏȈȡȐȚȍ ȓȐȟȕȖȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ șȗȘȈ-
ȊȍȌȓȐȊȖșȚȐ ǩȣȓȈ ȓȐ ȊȖșșȚȈȊȠȈȧ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȤ ȔȐȜȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ǷȘȖȔȍȚȍȍȔ Ȑș-
ȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȀȍȕȤȍ ȐȓȐ ȉȍșȒȖȘȣșȚȕȣȔ țȟȈșȚȕȐȒȖȔ ǲțȉȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȝȖȌȈ ǴȈȘȐ-
ȕț ȕȍ ȏȈȉȖȚȐȓȖ ǹțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȉȣȓȐ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ ȗȈȜȖș Ȑ ȖȚȊȈ-
ȋȈ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ
©ǷȖȥȚȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȐȝȐȐ — șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ
ȉțȕȚȈ — ȕȍȚª — ȏȈȧȊȐȓȈ șȈȔȈ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȈ ǷȖȓȕȖȞȍȕȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȖȑ ȓȦȉ-
ȊȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ șȈȔȖȖȚȊȍȘȎȍȕȕȣȝ șțȌȤȉȈ ȕȍ șȚȘȈȠȐȊȠȐȝșȧ șȔț-
Țȣ ǭȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȖȕȈ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȗȖȥȏȐȦ ǫțȔȐȓȍȊȈ ǵȖ ȐȔȧ ȘȈșșȚȘȍȓȧȕȕȖȋȖ
ȗȖȥȚȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȓȈ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ȚȐȝȖȔ ȘȈȏȌțȔȤȍ ǷȘȐȔȍȘ ǫțȔȐȓȍȊȈ-ȉțȕ-
ȚȖȊȡȐȒȈ Ȍȓȧ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ ȉȣȓ ȊȖȗȓȖȡȍȕȐȍȔ ȐȏȊȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȔțȎȍșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȔțȎȍșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȖȕȈ ȐșȒȈȓȈ ȊșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȕȖ ȕȐ Ȋ ȒȖȔ ȕȍ ȕȈȠȓȈ
ǵȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȐȑ ț ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǪșȧȒȈȧ ȌȖȋȔȈ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ ȖșȚȣȊȠȍȑ ȗȘȖȗȐșȤȦ ǮȐȊȐ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ Ȋ ȥȗȖȝț ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȖșȍȓȍȕȐȑ

223
ǨȘȈȒȟȍȍȊȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȍȏȐȘȈȓȈ ȉȣ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȞȈȘȐȏȔ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍȏȐȘȈȓȈ Ȑ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȉȖ-
ȓȤȠȍȊȐȏȔ ǹȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȎȈȎȌȣ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ ȕȐ ȗȘȐ ȒȈȒȐȝ Ȗȉ-
șȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȝ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ șȒȘȣȊȈȓȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȈȊȓȧȓȈ ©ǩȍș ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȐȧª ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȒȈ-
ȏȈȓșȧ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ Ȋ ǴȈȘȐȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȎȐȊȣȔ ȕȍȋȖȌȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊșȧȒȐȔ ȕȈșȐȓȐȍȔ
Ȑ țȋȕȍȚȍȕȐȍȔ — Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȋ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍ Ǭȓȧ ȕȍȍ ȕȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ ȕȐ ȏȈȗȘȍȚȖȊ
ȕȐ ȗȘȍȋȘȈȌ ȕȐ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȐȑ Ȋ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȐșȗȖȊȍȌȈȕȐȐ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȐ. ǷȖ-
ȓțȗȘȈȊȌȣ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ ȕȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ
ȅȋȖȞȍȕȚȘȐȏȔ ǴȈȘȐȕȣ ȗȖȘȖȦ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȐȊȍȕ Ȋ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȐșȈȓȈ
Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ ȌȖȟȍȘȐ Ǩȓȍ țȔȕȖȑ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȍ ȕȖ șȖȘȊȈȕȞȍ ǵȖ Ȋ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȔ ȐȚȖȋȍ ȔȐȘȖ-
ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȍ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȖȕȐșȚȐȟȕȖ Ȑ ȋțȔȈȕȕȖ
ǶȉȡȈȧșȤ ș ȘțșșȒȐȔȐ șȖȞȐȈȓ-ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȍȘȈȔȐ Ȋ ǷȘȈȋȍ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȖȚȟȈș-
ȚȐ ȏȈȊȐșȍȓȈ ȍȍ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤȕȈȧ șțȌȤȉȈ ȗȖșȗȖȘȐȊ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ș ȕȐȔȐ Ȗ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȔ
ǸȖșșȐȐ Ȑ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ ȖȕȈ șȖ ȏȓȣȔ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȖȔ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈ șȊȖȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȌȖȊȖȌ
©ǻȉȐȑșȚȊȖ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȈ II ȓȍȎȐȚ ȕȈ ȊȈȠȍȑ șȖȊȍșȚȐª
ǵȍȗȘȐȧȚȐȍ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ ȌțȝȖȊȕȖȋȖ ȔȍȡȈȕșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȘȖȍȊȖȋȖ țșȚȘȖȍȕȐȧ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȗȘȧȔȣȔ ȕȈșȓȍȌȐȍȔ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȣȔ ȍȦ ȍȡȍ Ȋ ȌȍȚșȚȊȍ ȖȚ șȍȔȤȐ Ȑ ȘțșșȒȐȝ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȌȖȊȣȝ ȒȘțȋȖȊ
ǳȍȚȖȔ 1925 ȋ ȍȍ țȊȓȍȒȓȈ șȘȍȌȕȍȊȍȒȖȊȈȧ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈ Ȗ ȒȘȣșȖȓȖȊȍ Ȑȏ ǫȈȔȍȓȤȕȈ ș
ȍȋȖ ȟțȌȖȌȍȑșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȜȓȍȑȚȖȑ Ǭȓȧ ǴȈȘȐȕȣ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȈȧ ȕȈȝȖȌȒȈ ȥș-
ȚȍȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȥȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șȐȔȊȖȓȈ ǹȔȣșȓ șȈȋȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȈșȟȐ-
ȚȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȖȒȖȓȖ șȍȔȐșȖȚ ȓȍȚ ȚȖȓȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ-ȘȈȏȕȖȔț ǩȣȓ ȓȐ ȍȍ ȋȍȘȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ǴȈȘȐ-
ȕȣ ȐȏȉȈȊȐȚȍȓȍȔ ȐȓȐ ȐșȒțșȐȚȍȓȍȔ șȗȈșȐȚȍȓȍȔ ȐȓȐ ȓțȒȈȊȣȔ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȔȞȍȔ"
Ǭȓȧ ȕȍȍ Ȗȕ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȒțȌȍșȕȐȒȖȔ ȟȈȘȖȌȍȍȔ ȒȈȒȐȔ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȈȍȚ Ȋ
ȍȍ ȐșȚȖȓȒȖȊȈȕȐȐ ǹȚȈȌȖ ȒȘȣș — șȐȔȊȖȓ ȒȖȓȌțȕ Ȑ ȕȈȊȈȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȜȓȍȑȚȣ —
șȐȔȊȖȓ ǵȍ țȏȕȈȍȚ ȓȐ ȕȈȠȈ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖșȚȤ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȖȉȘȈȏȈȝ ȘȈșșțȎȌȈȓȈ ǴȈ-
ȘȐȕȈ Ȋ ȈȓȓȍȋȖȘȐȐ ȕȍțȔȐȘȈȦȡȍȑ ȉȈșȕȐ" ǪȐȌȐȔȖ șȒȘȣȊȈȧ șȊȖȍ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ǴȈ-
ȘȐȕȈ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȓȈ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ șȍȔȤȍ șȊȖȍ ȕȖȊȖȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ǽȖȚȧ ȖȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȗȍ-
ȟȈȚȈȕȖ Ȋ ȎțȘȕȈȓȍ ©ǪȖȓȧ ǸȖșșȐȐª Ȋ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȋȖȌț ȏȈȘțȉȍȎȤȍ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȥȚȖȑ Ȋȍ-
ȡȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ Ȉ ȟȚȖ ȝțȎȍ — ©ǲȘȣșȖȓȖȊȈª ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ǸȖșșȐȧ ǹȐȔȊȖȓȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȐȌȍȧ
©ǲȘȣșȖȓȖȊȈ» ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȓȈ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖȥȚȖȊ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȐșȓȍ Ȑ ǫȨȚȍ
ǹȔȣșȓ ȥȚȖȑ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȣ ȗȖȔȐȔȖ ȍȍ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȓȐȟȤȧ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ șȖȉȖȦ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȐȏȊȍȟȕțȦ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔț ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ȗȘȈȊȌȣ ș ȕȍȗȘȈȊȌȖȑ
ȐșȚȐȕȣ ș ȓȖȎȤȦ ȚȘȈȋȐȏȔȈ ȗȓȖȚșȒȖȋȖ ȐȓȐ ȌțȝȖȊȕȖȋȖ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȈ
Ǫ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕșȒȖȔ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȐ Ȑ ȔȐȘȖșȖȏȍȘȞȈȕȐȐ ȍȍ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ ȒȘȖȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȐȚȟȍ Ȗ
ǬȤȧȊȖȓȍ ȐșȒțȠȈȊȠȍȔ ǽȘȐșȚȈ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȍ ©Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ǭȔț Ȋșȍ ȞȈȘșȚȊȈ ȔȐȘȈ
Ȑ șȓȈȊț Ȑȝ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ǭȔț Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȌȈȔ Ǻȍȉȍ ȍșȓȐ ȗȈȌȠȐ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȠȤșȧ Ȕȕȍª
ǯȈ ȒȍȔ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȈ ǸȖșșȐȧ? ǯȈ ǽȘȐșȚȖȔ ȐȓȐ ȊȖȎȌȍȔ ǲȘȣșȖȓȖȊȖȔ" ǶȚȊȍȘȋȓȈ
ȖȕȈ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȐșȒțșȐȚȍȓȧ"
ǵȍȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ șȈȔȖȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȒȘȐȚȐȒȈȔȐ Șțș-
șȒȖȑ ȗȍȟȈȚȐ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȍȑ Ȉ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍȔ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊț ȖȕȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȖȘȖ-
ȎȐȓȈ ȖȉȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍȔ ǵȖ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȏȈȠȍȓ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ Ȑ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ
©ǸȈșșțȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ X., — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȧȌȖȊȐȚȖ — ȉȍȏȌȈȘȕȍȍ ȗȖȟȚȖȊȖȋȖ
ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒȈ Ȑȏ ǩȈȝȟȐșȈȘȈȧ țșȊȖȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȌȖșțȋȍ țȟȍȉȕȐȒ ǹȈȊȖȌȕȐȒȈª ǰșȒȓȦ-
ȟȍȕȐȍȔ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ ȉȣȓ ǽȖȌȈșȍȊȐȟ
ǴȣșȓȤ ǴȈȘȐȕȣ Ȋ ȉȍșȍȌȍ Ȋ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȍȍ ȗȍȘȍȋȘțȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȏȍ

224
ȉȣȓȈ ȖȚȘȣȊȐșȚȈ ǶȕȈ ȕȍ țȔȍȓȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ ȘȈȏȋȓȈȋȖȓȤșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ǭșȓȐ ȘȈȏȋȖ-
ȊȖȘ ȗȖȘȖȦ țȊȓȍȒȈȓ ȍȍ ȔȣșȓȐ ǴȈȘȐȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ șȎȈȚȣ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐ ȕȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖșȚȘȣ
ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȧ șțȝȐȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȚȖȓȟȒȐ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȐșȒȘȣ ǲ ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ
țȔȍȓȈ șȓțȠȈȚȤ șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒȈ ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȖȉțșȓȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȐȓȐ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȐȍȔ ȐȓȐ
ȓȦȉȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤȦ ǭȍ ȥȋȖȞȍȕȚȘȐȏȔ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȖȉȡȍȋȖ ș Ȗȉȣ-
ȊȈȚȍȓȤșȒȐȔ ȥȋȖȐȏȔȖȔ ǶȕȈ ȏȕȈȓȈ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ©șȐȘȖȚșȚȊȍª ©ǸȖȓȈȕȌȖȊ ǸȖȋª ȏȕȈ-
ȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȗȐșȈȓȈ Ȍȓȧ Țȍȝ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ Ȑ ȕȍ ȘȖȌȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ ȖȉȘȈȏțȦȚ ȕȖȊȖȍ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȍ ǲȈȒ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ Ȉ ȖȚȟȈșȚȐ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ǴȈȘȐ-
ȕȈ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕȕȖ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȈ Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȓșȧ ȍȍ ȕȍȓȍȋȒȐȑ ȐșȚȖ-
ȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ Ȑ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȣȑ ȎȘȍȉȐȑ ǰȉȖ ȗȖ ȍȍ Ȏȍ șȓȖȊȈȔ șȓȖȊȈȔ ȔțȌȘȣȔ ©ǰș-
ȒțșșȚȊȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȎȍȘȚȊȈȔ ȕȍ ȗȓȈȚȐȚª
ǶǵǯǾǮǻǻǶȄǮ ǿǹǼǰǮ
©ǵȖ ȍșȓȐ ȍșȚȤ ǹȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ǹțȌ șȓȖȊȈ —
ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȧ ȟȐșȚȈª
Ǵ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȈ
ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ȏȕȈȓȈ Ȑ ȖȡțȡȈȓȈ ȊșȍȔ șȊȖȐȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȔ ȟȚȖ șȓȖȊȖ ©ȍșȚȤ ȊȣșȠȐȑ
ȗȖȌȈȘȖȒ ǩȖȋȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒțª ǵȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȞȍȕȐȓȖșȤ ǴȈȘȐȕȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ șȓȖȊȖ ǵȐ
ȉȓȐȏȒȐȍ ȕȐ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ țȟȈșȚȤ ȕȐ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȍ ȉȓȈȋȈ Ǭȓȧ ȕȍȍ ȖȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖ ȍȍ
ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȦ ©șȚȐȝȐȍȑ șȚȐȝȐȑª Ǫ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȖȏȕȖȑ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȐȐ șȓȖȊȖ ǳȖȋȖș — ȉȖ-
ȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ șȐȓȈ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȈ Ȑ ǷȘȖȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ
ǷȖșȚȐȋȕțȚȖȍ ȘȍȔȍșȓȖ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ șȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȊȖȓȧ ȘȈȏțȔ ȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȉȍȏȔȍȘȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȈȘȧ — șȓȈȋȈȍȔȣȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȦ ǴȈȘȐȕȣ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍ-
ȎȈȓȐ ȍȑ ȒȈȒ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȚȊȖȘȐȓȈ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȊȈȎȌȍȕȐȧ ǹȚȈȘȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ șȚȈȘȈȧ ȒȈȒ Ȑ șȈȔȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ ǵȖ șȚȐȝȐȧ șȓȖ-
ȊȈ Ȑ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǴȈȘȐȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍȘȈșȚȖȘȎȐȔȣ Ǫȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȒȐ Ȋȕȍ țșȔȖȚȘȍȕȐȧ ȐȓȐ
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖȋȖ șȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȍȕȐȧ ǭșȓȐ ǺȦȚȟȍȊ ȔȖȋ ȗȘȐȔȐȘȐȚȤ Ȋ șȍȉȍ
ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȗȖȥȚȈ ȚȖ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȈ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȎȐȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ șȓȖȊȈ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ șȓȖȊȈ
ǭȑ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȐȍ ©țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȔȍȕȧȓȈ ȉȣª ǩȖȓȍȍ ȌțȝȖȊȕȖ-ȞȍȓȖșȚȕȖȋȖ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ Ȋ ȘțșșȒȖȔ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȔ ȕȈȑȚȐ
ȚȘțȌȕȖ Ȉ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȚȈȒȐȔ Ȏȍ ȉȣȓ ǽȓȍȉȕȐȒȖȊ ǵȖ
ȍȋȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ
ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ ©ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝª șȓȖȊ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȌȈȎȍ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȖȎȐȊȈȦȚ
ȍșȓȐ ȊȍȡȐȑ Ȍțȝ ȐșȚȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȊȖȘȞȈ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȚ Ȑȝ Ȓ ȌȍȑșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȝȖȘȖȊȖȌȈ
Ȑȕȣȍ șȒȈȎțȚ — ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȗȖȏȐȞȐȐ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ
©ȖȌȍȘȎȐȔȈȧª Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȍȍ ȊȣșȠȈȧ ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȤ Ǫ ȉțȌțȡȍȔ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȍ Ȑșșȓȍ-
ȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȐ ȍȍ ȗȘȐȍȔȖȊ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȊ ȗȖșȚȘȖȍȕȐȑ șȓȖȊȈȘȧ ȔȍȓȖȌȐȒȐ Ȑ ȒȖȕȚȘȈȗțȕȒ-
ȚȈ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ șȔȖȋțȚ ȘȈȏȢȧȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȈȓȋȍȉȘȖȑ ȍȍ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȕȈ ȖșȕȖ-
Ȋȍ ȥȚȐȝ ©ȖȉȡȍȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝª ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȐȑ ǴȈȘȐȕȍ ȗȖșȚȈȊȧȚ ©ȉȍșȗȘȐșȚȘȈșȚ-

225
ȕȣȍª ȖȚȔȍȚȒȐ Ȑ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȧȚ ȍȍ șȚȍȗȍȕȤ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȥȚȈ ǺȈȒȐȍ ȕȍȗȖȋȘȍȠȐȔȣȍ ȊȍșȖȊȡȐ-
ȒȐ ȐȏȔȍȘȧȦȡȐȍ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȈȓȋȍȉȘȈȐȟȍșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȋȍȖȔȍȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȜȐȋțȘ Ȑ ȜȖȘ-
Ȕțȓ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ ǷțșșȍȕȈ ȋȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ șȖȉȖȘȣ ȕȖ Ȑ șȓȖȊȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ
ȕȈȑȌțȚ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȋȖ ȚȈȑȕȣ ȐȏȉȘȈȕȐȧ ǴȈȘȐȕȣ ǹȓȖȊȖȔ ǶȕȖ ȗȖȊȍȓȍȓȖ Ȑ ȗȖȘțȟȐȓȖ
ȍȑ ș ©șȍȘȌȞȍȔ ȋțȓȒȐȔª ȗȘȖȎȐȚȤ ȎȐȏȕȤ «ȉȍȏ șȒȈȘȍȌșȚȊȈª ©ǴȖȓȖȌȍȞª
ǿțȎȌȈȧ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȔț ȕȘȈȊț ȖȉȡȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȉțȎȌȍȕȐȧ Ȓ Ȗȉ-
ȡȍȕȐȦ ǴȈȘȐȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȐȍ ©ȕȍȚ ȗȖȏȈȉȣȓȐ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȓȦȓȤȒț ȉȖȋȐ
ȌȈȘ șȖȉȖȘȕȖȑ ȓȦȉȊȐª ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȈ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȔ șȟȍȚȍ șȓțȎȐȓȈ ȕȍ șȍȉȍ ȒȈȒ ȕȍ-
șȟȈșȚȕȣȑ ǳȍȖȗȈȘȌȐ ȕȖ ȉȓȐȎȕȍȔț Ȋ ȓțȟȠȍȔ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȧ Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ
ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȓȈșȤ ȍȍ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȓ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȖ Ȓ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȋ ȍȍ ȗȖȓȧȘȕȣȝ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȧȝ Ȑ
ȌȊțȝ-ȐȗȖșȚȈșȕȖȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȍ ǷȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȕȐȍ șȓȈȌȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȖȓȕȖȞȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȉȣȚȐȧ
ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȖȗȓȖȡȍȕȖ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ Ȋ ȒȓȈșșȐȟȍșȒȐ ȟȍȚȒȖȔ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȐ ©ǩȈ-
ȉțȠȒȈª ȅȚȖ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ șȈȔȣȝ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȐȝ Ȋ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȍ ǴȈȘȐȕȣ ȏȈȑ-
ȔȍȚ ȚȈȒȖȍ Ȏȍ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȋ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȍ ȒȈȒ ȗȈȕȚȍȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȌȈȓȍ-
ȒȈȧ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȔț ȏȊțȟȈȕȐȦ ©ǵȐȊȈª ǳȍȘȔȖȕȚȖȊȈ
ǴȕȐȔȈȧ ȈșȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȍȘȍșȔȖȚȘȍȕȈ ǷȖș-
ȗȍȠȕȣȑ ȊȣȏȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ș ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȗȐșȧȔȐ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘ ȉțȌț-
ȡȐȔȐ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȉțȌȍȚ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȘȋȕțȚ
ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȋȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȖȌȈȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ǶȕȈ
ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖȔț șȚȐȓȦ Ȑ ȔȐȘȖȊȖșȗȘȐȧȚȐȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȖȉȕȈ-
ȘțȎȐȓȐ șȊȖȐ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȐ Ȋ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȍ ǨȘȚțȘȈ ǸȍȔȉȖ ǫȓȈȊȕȈȧ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȜȍȕȖȔȍȕȈ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȥȚ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȗȖȘȈȉȖ-
ȡȍȕȕȣȔ șȚȐȝȐȍȑ șȓȖȊȈ ȍȋȖ ȈȊȚȖȕȖȔȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ǪȖȓȧ ȗȖȥȚȈ ȕȍșȖȘȈȏȔȍȘȕȖ șȓȈ-
ȉȍȍ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȐȊȈ ȊȍȓȍȕȐȧ șȓȖȊȈ ǷȈșșȐȊȕȖȍ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȍȕȐȍ ȍȔț Ȋ ȐȚȖȋȍ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȚ
ȒȈȒ Ȓ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖșȚȐ ȜȖȘȔȣ ȚȈȒ Ȑ Ȓ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖșȚȐ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȧ ǸȈȊȕȖȊȍșȐȍ ȖȒȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈȘțȠȍȕȕȣȔ ǪȖșșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȔȍȘȣ Ȑ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȐ — Ȗș-
ȕȖȊȕȈȧ ȏȈȌȈȟȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ șȚȖȐȚ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȖȥȚȖȔ Ǩ ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȍșȚȤ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔȈȚȐȒȈ ȉțȌț-
ȡȍȋȖ ȚȊȖȘȞȈ
ȀǾȁǲ Ƕ ȀǰǼǾȅǳǿȀǰǼ
«...ȓȍȋȒȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȍȚ ȕȐ Ȍȓȧ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȐ Ȍȓȧ
ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȉȖȋȈ ǮȐȏȕȤ Ȋșȍȝ ȉȖȋȖȊ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȕȈȔ ȒȈȒ
ǪȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȍȟȈȓȤ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ ǩȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȑ
ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ș ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȔ ȚȘțȌȖȔª
Ǻ ǲȈȘȓȍȑȓȤ
ǷȣȚȓȐȊȖșȚȐ ȘȈȏțȔȈ Ȑ ȖșȚȘȖȚȍ ȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȧ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȉțȌȍȚ
ȖȚȊȍȌȍȕȖ ȖșȖȉȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȋ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȝ Ȗ ȍȍ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȍ Ȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȣȝ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧȝ
ǩȍȏ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȍȌȊȈȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȕȈțȟȕȖȑ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȒȐ ȐȓȐ ȐșșȓȍȌȖ-

226
ȊȈȚȍȓȤșȒȖȋȖ ȖȗȣȚȈ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ȗȖșȚȐȋȓȈ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȐȏȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȐșȚȐȕȣ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȔț ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊț șȖȖȉȡȈȦȚșȧ ȐȓȐ ȟțȎȖȑ ȔȣșȓȤȦ, ȐȓȐ ȗȘȐȖȉ-
ȘȍȚȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȐȚȖȋȍ ȌȖȓȋȖȋȖ șȖȏȍȘȞȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȌțȝȖȊȕȖȋȖ șȈȔȖȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȧ ǻȔ ǾȊȍȚȈȍ-
ȊȖȑ Ȑ ȍȍ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȕȍȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ-ȗȖȊșȍȌȕȍȊȕȖȑ ȉȍșȍȌȍ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȉȈȚȤ
ȖȉȡȍȗȘȐȕȧȚȣȍ ȗȘȍȍȔșȚȊȍȕȕȖ-țȚȊȍȘȌȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȐșȗȖȊȍȌȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȗȖȘȈȎȈȓȐ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȕȖ Ȑ ȗțȋȈȓȐ ǪșȧȒȐȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ©șȐȔȊȖȓ ȊȍȘȣª ȕȈȟȐ-
ȕȈȧ ȖȚ ȌȐȒȈȘȧ Ȑ ȒȖȕȟȈȧ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȌȈȚȍȓȍȔ ȉȣȓ Ȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ǼȍȘȔȖȗȐȓȈȔȐ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȝ ȐȌȍȚ ȕȍȗȘȍȒȘȈȡȈȦȡȈȧșȧ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȈ ǶȋȖȓȍȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ
ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔȣ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȉ Ȑȝ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ țȎ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȦȚ ȘȧȌȖȊȖȋȖ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȖ țșȚȘȈȠȈȦȚ Ȉ ȗȖȘȖȦ ȊȊȍȘȋȈȦȚ ȍȋȖ Ȋ țȎȈș ǹȗȈșȈȦȚșȧ ȖȚ ȕȐȝ ȗȖ-
ȘȈȏȕȖȔț — Ȋ ȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖșȚȐ ȖȚ ȗȖȓȈ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȈ țȔșȚȊȍȕȕȖ-ȌțȝȖȊȕȖȋȖ țȘȖȊȕȧ ǩȖ-
ȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȏȈȡȐȚț ȗȍȘȍȌ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ Ȋ ȉȍȋșȚȊȍ Ȑ ȕȍȖșȖȏ-
ȕȈȕȕȖȑ ȒȓȍȊȍȚȍ ǶȕȐ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȍȍ ©șȐȕȐȔ ȟțȓȒȖȔª ǴțȎȟȐȕ ȖȗȈșȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ǴȈ-
ȘȐȕȣ ȖȚȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍȔ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚȕȍșȚȐ Ȓ ȌȊțȔ ȘȈȏȘȧ-
ȌȈȔ ǽȈȕȎȐ Ȑ ȚȘțșȣ ȖȉȊȐȕȧȓȐ ǴȈȘȐȕț Ȋ ȉȍșȖȊșȒȖȔ ȞȐȕȐȏȔȍ Ȉ ȏȈȊȐșȚȕȐȒȐ Ȑ
ȗțșȚȖȞȊȍȚȣ — Ȋ ȏȈțȔȕȖșȚȐ
ǳȐȟȕȈȧ șțȌȤȉȈ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȦȡȈȧșȧ Ȋ ȐȌȍȧȝ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ
Ȑ ȊȍȡȕȖȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖȉțȌȐȓȐ ǴȈȘȐȕț ȒȘȖȔȍ ȗȘȖȟȍȋȖ ȌȈȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȖȚ-
ȊȍȚ ȕȈ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȚȘțȌ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȚȘțȌ — ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȖșȚȤ ǵȖ ȕȍ-
ȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȤ ȚȘțȌȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȚȈȚȤ Ȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȐȓȐ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȔ Ȑ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȔ ȗȘȐ-
ȔȍȕȍȕȐȍȔ ȓȦȉȣȝ șȐȓ Ȑ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȈ ȐȓȐ Ȑȝ ȉȍșȟȍșȚȕȣȔ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȣȌȕȣȔ ȗȖȘȈȉȖ-
ȡȍȕȐȍȔ ǶȝȘȈȕȣ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȚȘțȌȈ ȖȝȘȈȕȣ ȒȈȒ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȍȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȐȓȐ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȓȋȈ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȈ ȕȐȋȌȍ ȕȍ ȕȈȠȓȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ
ȗȖȌȖȉȕȈȧ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȈȧ ȖȝȘȈȕȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȚȈȕȍȚ șȓȈȋȈȍȔȣȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ Ȗȉ-
ȡȍȎȐȚȐȧ ǪȣȊȖȌ Ȍȓȧ ǴȈȘȐȕȣ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȐȕ ǭșȓȐ ȚȘțȌ — ȘȈȉșȚȊȖ ȚȖ ȕȍ-
ȟȍȋȖ țȌȐȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȈȊȖȚȍ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȐȧ ©ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȍª ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȗȘȈȊȈ ȕȖ Ȑ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȦ ǹȖ ȏȓȖȉȕȖȑ ȐȏȌȍȊȒȖȑ ©ȗȘȈȊȍȌȕȐȒȈȔª ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȗȐ-
șȣȊȈȓȈ ȊȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓȈ Ȋ Ȑȝ țșȚȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ ȐȏȘȍȟȍȕȐȍ ©Ǵȣ ȕȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȍȔ ȕȐ
ȗȘȖșȚțȗȒȖȊ ȕȐ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȑ ǰȝ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȦȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȏȈ ȕȈș ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȕȣ
ȔȖȋȓȐ șȗȈșȈȚȤ ȕȈȠȐ ȌțȠȐ ...»
ǭșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȈȊȖ Ȑ ȔȖȘȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȔȍȘȕȖșȚȤ ȊȖȏȔȍȏȌȐȧ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈ-
ȡȈȧ ȘȈȉȈȔ Ȍȓȧ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȍȒȈȍȔȖȑ șȈȔȖȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖȑ ȐșȚȐȕȖȑ Ȑ
ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȖȔ Ȍȓȧ ȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȓȐȒȖȊȈȕȐȧ ǽțȌȖȎȕȐȟȍșȒȐ-
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȍ ȗȘȍȖȉȘȈȎȈȓȖșȤ ȏȈȚȍȔ Ȋ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ǭȍ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ ©ǷȖ-
ȓȖȚȍȘȣª — șȈȔȖȍ ȔȖȋțȟȍȍ Ȑ ȊȖȓȕțȦȡȍȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȉțȕȚȈȘșȒȖȑ șȚȐȝȐȐ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȑ
ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ ǲȘȖȔȍ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔ șȔȣșȓȈ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȕȕȖȑ ©ȗțȋȈ-
ȟȍȊȡȐȕȣª ȖȕȖ ȉȍȏțȗȘȍȟȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȜȖȘȔȍ
©ǵȈȔ ȉȈȓȣ ȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȊȕȖȊȍ
ǬȊȍȘȐ — Ȋșȍ ȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȓȦȟȍ"
Ǩ ȒțȔȈȟ ȏȈȚȍȔ — ȟȚȖ ȒȘȖȊȐ
ǵȍ ȊȐȌȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȒțȔȈȟȍª
ǶȉȊȍȚȠȈȊȠȈȧ ©ǴȈȘșȍȓȤȍȏȈª ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȍȈȚȘȈȓȤȕȈ ȝȖȌțȓȤȕȈ ȕȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȓȎȐ-
ȊȈ ȗȖ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȦ ș ©ǷȖȓȖȚȍȘȈȔȐª Ȑ Ȑȝ ȋȍȘȖȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȗȖȝȖȌȕȣȔ ȘȐȚȔȖȔ ǭșȓȐ

227
ȥȚȐ șȚȐȝȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȈȑȌțȚ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȒȖȔȗȖȏȐȚȖȘȈ ȖȕȐ șȚȈȕțȚ ȉȖȍȊȖȑ ȗȍșȕȤȦ
Țȍȝ ȟȍȑ ȚȘțȌ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șȟȈșȚȤȧ șȚȈȓ ȟțȋțȕȕȣȔ ȧȘȔȖȔ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȡȐȔ
ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȐȍ Ȋ țșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȐȧȝ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȓȎȍȕȈțȒȐ
ǯȉǹȊ Ƕ ǿǸǮǵǸǮ
©ǩȓȍȌȕȖȓȐȞȣȑ
ǹȚȘȈȎ ȕȈȌ ȗȓȍșȒȖȔ ȊȍȒȈ —
ǸȣȞȈȘȤ, ȘȣȞȈȘȤ
ǹȚȍȘȍȋțȡȐȑ ȘȍȒțª
Ǵ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȈ ©ǷȘȈȎșȒȐȑ ǸȣȞȈȘȤª
ǰșȚȖȘȐȧ ǿȍȝȐȐ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȍ ǷȘȈȋȐ Ȋ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȍ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ ȕȍ ȖȚȘȈȏȐȓȐșȤ ȅȚȖ
ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȌțȔȤȍ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȕȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȔȕȖ-
ȎȍșȚȊȖ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ ȊȣȌȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȍȑ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈșȓȍȌȐȧ ȖȕȈ ȔȖȋȓȈ
ȕȈȑȚȐ Ȋ ȔȐȕțȊȠȍȔ șȚȘȈȕȣ Ȑ ȍȍ ȖȗȍȟȈȓȍȕȕȖ-ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȑ șȚȖȓȐȞȍ
ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓțȠȈȓȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȘȍȟȤ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȗ ȕȐȝ ǶȕȈ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ
ǷȘȈȋȍ — ȚȣșȧȟȈ ȓȍȚ ǯȕȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȎȐȓ șȖȊȍșȚȓȐȊȍȑȠȐȑ Ȑȏ șȖȊȍșȚȓȐȊȍȑ-
ȠȐȝ ȗȘȖȗȖȊȍȌȕȐȒȖȊ ȇȕ ǫțș ȗȖȋȐȉȠȐȑ ȕȈ ȒȖșȚȘȍ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ-ȔȐșȚȐȒ Ǹț-
ȌȖȓȤȜ ,, ȞȍȕȐȊȠȐȑ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȋȍȘȞȖȋ ǪȈȓȓȍȕȠȚȍȑȕ — ȚȘȈȋȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐȑ șȖȗȍȘȕȐȒ ǫȈȉșȉțȘȋȖȊ ©ǵȖ șțȌȤȉȈ ȋȍȘȞȖȋȈ ǼȘȐȌȓȈȕȌșȒȖȋȖ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȈ
ȀȐȓȓȍȘȖȔ Ǫȣ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȧ șȖȗȍȘȕȐȟȈȓȈ ș ȕȐȔ" ..» — ©ȅȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȚȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȒȈ... ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȔțȏȍȐ Ȑ ȈȘȝȐȊȣ șȚȘȈȕȣ ȝȘȈȕȧȚ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȍ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȈ
ȕȈȟȐȕȈȧ ȖȚ ȔȖȕȍȚ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȞȍȊ-ȈȘȈȉȖȊ ȗȖșȍȡȈȊȠȐȝ ǷȘȈȋț Ȋ ; ȊȍȒȍ Ȑ ȒȖȕȟȈȧ ȌȈȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ Ȗ ǹțȊȖȘȖȊȍ...»
ǵȖ ȕȐȟȤȐȔȐ șȖȊȍȚȈȔȐ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈșȤ
ǫȓȈȊȕȖȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȟȍȝȈȝ ȖȕȈ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȔȍȡȈȕ ǶȕȈ ȚȘțȕȐȓȈ ȕȍ
ȘȈȏ ȕȈȌ Ȑȝ ȓȦȉȐȔȣȔ ȒțȠȈȕȤȍȔ ©ȒȕȍȌȓȐȒȈȔȐª ȖȚȖȎȍșȚȊȓȧȧ ȕȈȞȐȦ ș ȥȚȐȔȐ
ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔȐ ȒȓȍȞȒȈȔȐ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ
șȚȘȈȕȣ ȕȍ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȧ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȚȍȘȗȐȔȖșȚȤȦ ǷȘȍȒȓȖȕȍȕȐȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȍȑ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ șȒȘȣȊȈȓȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȍȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȐȔȣȔ ȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȐȍȔ Ȍȓȧ ȍȍ
ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȐȧ șȓȈȊȧȕșȒȖȑ șȘȍȌȖȑ ǿȍȠșȒȐȔ ȧȏȣȒȖȔ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȈ ȗȓȖȝȖ ǩȓȈ-
ȋȖȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ șȒȘȣȚȕȖșȚȤ ȘȧȌȖȊȖȋȖ ȟȍȝȈ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȓȈ ǵȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȕȍșȗȘȈ-
ȊȍȌȓȐȊȖ ȊȐȕȐȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȍ ǽțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȈ ǿȍȝȖșȓȖȊȈȒȐȐ Ȋ ȟȈșȚȕȖ-
șȚȐ ȚȊȖȘȐȓȈșȤ ȕȍ ȐȕȌȐȊȐȌțȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ țșȐȓȐȧȔȐ ȕȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ țȟ-
ȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȧȔȐ ǲȈȏȍȕȕȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ — ȊșȦȌț ȒȈȏȍȕȡȐȕȈ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑ-
șȒȖȑ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖșȚȤȦ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȐȡȈȧ ȉȍȎȍȕȒȈ ȅȚȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȍȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓȐ ȕȐ ȗȍȟȈȚȤ ȕȐ ȊȐȌȕȣȍ ȟȍȠșȒȐȍ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȐ ȚȍșȕȖ șȖȚȘțȌȕȐ-
ȟȈȊȠȐȍ ș ȊȓȈșȚȤȦ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȉȖșȚȘȈșȚȕȖ ȊȏȐȘȈȊȠȍȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ ǼȘȈȕ-
ȞȐȦ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȧ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ǴȈȘȐȕȍ ȗȘȈȎșȒȐȑ ǲȈȘȓȖȊ ȔȖșȚ ș ȍȋȖ șȚȈȚțȧȔȐ ȘȈșșȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ ȍȑ ȍȋȖ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ Ȑ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȣ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȍ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȈȘȝȐȚȍȒȚțȘ-

228
ȕȣȔ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȍȔ șȘȍȌȕȍȊȍȒȖȊȤȧ ǵȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȔȖșȚȖȊȣȝ țșȚȖȍȊ ȊȣșȐȚșȧ ȐȏȊȈȧ-
ȕȐȍ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȎșȒȖȋȖ ǸȖȓȈȕȌȈ ȐȕȈȟȍ — ǩȘțȕȞȊȐȒȈ ǹȚȈȚțȐ ȗȖȌȖȉ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ Ȋ șȍȊȍȘȕȖȑ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ ȖȓȐȞȍȚȊȖȘȧȦȡȐȍ ȗȘȈȊȈ Ȑ șȊȖȉȖȌț ȋȖȘȖȎȈȕ
ȊȖșȝȖȌȧȚ Ȓ ;,,, ȊȍȒț ǷȘȈȎșȒȐȑ ȘȣȞȈȘȤ șȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ;9 șȚȖȓȍȚȐȧ
țȕȐȟȚȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȠȊȍȌșȒȐȔ ȖȉșȚȘȍȓȖȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ Ȋ 1648 ȋȖȌț Ȑ ȊȖȏȖȉȕȖȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȍ
șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȧ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȜȘȈȋȔȍȕȚȈȔ Ȋ 1884 ȋ ǳȦȌȊȐȋȖȔ ȀȐȔȍȒȖȔ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȓșȧ
ǴȈȘȐȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ǹȚȘȖȑȕȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȦȕȖȠȐ Ȋ ȌȖșȗȍȝȈȝ ș ȗȖȌȕȧȚȣȔ Ȕȍ-
ȟȖȔ Ȑ ȡȐȚȖȔ ț ȕȖȋ, ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓȈ ȍȍ ȊȒțșț ǰȏȊȈȧȕȐȧ ȥȗȖȝȐ ȉȈȘȖȒȒȖ șȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȍ
ȕȈ ȔȖșȚț țȎȍ Ȋ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ ;9,,, ȊȍȒȈ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊț ȕȍ țȊȓȍȒȈȓȐ ǶȕȈ ȕȍ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȓȈ șȖ-
ȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȍȑ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȒȖȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ Ȑȝ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ
ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȖȉțșȓȖȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȈȚȖȓȐȞȐȏȔȖȔ Ȑȝ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȖȏȕȣȑ ȗȈȜȖș
ǵȖ ǴȈȘȐȕț ȚȘȖȕțȓ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȍȑ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȍ-ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȋȍȘȉ ǪȈȞȓȈȊȈ
,9 ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȦȡȐȑ ȏȐȔȖȘȖȌȒȈ Ȋ ȊȍȕȒȍ — șȐȔȊȖȓ ȎȍȕșȒȖȑ ȊȍȘȕȖșȚȐ șȐȔȊȖȓ
ȌȖȉȘȖȋȖ ȋȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȍȌȖȚȊȘȈȡȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ Ȑ ȉȍȌț ǯȐȔȖȘȖȌȖȒ ȗȖ-ȟȍȠșȒȐ —
©ȗȚȈȟȍȒ-ȓȍȌȕȧȟȍȒª. — ©ǲȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȊțȟȐȚ “ȗȚȈȟȍȒ-ȓȍȌȕȧȟȍȒ”... ȅȚȖ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ
ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ ȏȊțȟȐȚ... — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ǵȖ ȗȖȑȌȍȔȚȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȕȈ
ȗȘȈȎșȒȖȋȖ ȘȣȞȈȘȧª
ǪȕȐȏ ȗȖ ȘȍȒȍ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȠȓȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȗȓȖȚȣ ǷȖȓțȋȖȓȣȍ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓȣȍ ȗȓȖ-
ȚȖȊȡȐȒȐ șȗȓȈȊȓȧȓȐ ȒȖȘȈȉȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȓȍș ǩȓȐȏȒȐȍ ȗȖȘȖȋȐ ȋțȓȒȖ ȠțȔȍȓȐ ǸȖȓȈȕȌ
ȖȝȘȈȕȧȓ ȘȍȒț Ȑ ȗȘȈȊȈ ȋȖȘȖȎȈȕ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ țȎȍ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖșȧȋȈȓ ǹȒȈȏȖȟȕȣȑ
ȖȉȘȈȏ ȦȕȖȋȖ ȊȐȚȧȏȧ ȒȈȒ ȊșȧȒȈȧ șȒȈȏȒȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ǴȈȘȐȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ
ǶșȍȕȤȦ ȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȋȖȌȈ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȖșȤ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ ©ǷȘȈȎșȒȐȑ ǸȣȞȈȘȤª
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ șȐȔȊȖȓȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȐȏȊȈȧȕȐȍ Ȍȓȧ ǴȈȘȐȕȣ ȗȖșȓțȎȐȓȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȋȖȔ
Ȍȓȧ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȟȐ ȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȟțȊșȚȊ ǰ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȕȍ șȘȈȏț ȥȚȐ șȚȐȝȐ ȏȈȒ-
ȓȦȟȈȦȚ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȖȚȚȍȕȖȒ țȌȈȟȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȒȓȦȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ țșȓȖȎȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ ©ȞȣȋȈȕșȒȖȋȖ
ȘȖȔȈȕșȈª
ǵȈȟȐȕȈȧ ȖȚ Ƿ ǪȧȏȍȔșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȒȖȕȟȈȧ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ ǷȘȈȋȈ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȟțȎȌȖȑ Șțș-
șȒȖȔț ȗȖȥȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔț ȗȖșȚȐȎȍȕȐȦ ǰȝ șȚȐȝȐ — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȍȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȍ-
ȕȐȧ
ȅǮǳǺǼǳ Ƕ ǯȉȀ
«Un homme qui s’est institué artiste n’a
plus le droit de vivre comme les autres».
Flaubert*
ǩȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȕȈȐȊȕȖ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȈ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ șȊȖȦ ȌțȝȖȊȕțȦ ȐșȒȓȦ-
ȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȐȍ ȕȍ ȔȍȕȧȓȈșȤ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ǽțȌȖȎȕȐȞȈ ǾȐȉțȓȤȒȈ ȒȖ-
* ©ȼɫɹɤɢɣ ɤɬɨ ɢɡɛɪɚɥ ɩɨɩɪɢɳɟ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɠɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɞɪɭɝɢɟª ɂɡ ɩɟɪɟɩɢɫɤɢ
Ƚɸɫɬɚɜɚ Ɏɥɨɛɟɪɚ (1821-1880).

229
ȚȖȘȈȧ ȎȐȓȈ ȌȖ ȘȈȏȋȘȖȔȈ ǿȍȝȐȐ Ȋ ǷȘȈȋȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ Ȗ șȍȉȍ ©ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȊȈ ȗȘȖ-
ȜȐȓȧ ȖȌȐȕ ȊȘțȉȍȓȍȊșȒȐȑ Ȉ ȌȘțȋȖȑ — ȊȍȌȤȔȣª ǻ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ ȉȣȓ ȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ ©ȗȘȖ-
ȜȐȓȤª ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȧȊȠȐȑ ȍȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ȗȖȌȈȘȐȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȖȓ-
ȋȖȑ ȉȍșȍȌȣ Ȗ ǲȘȣȔȍ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȊȖșȝȖȌȧȡȍȑ Ȓ 9,,, ȊȍȒț ȌȖ Ǹ ǽ ȌȘȍȊȕȦȦ
ȔȖȕȍȚț ș ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ǨȜȐȕȣ-ǷȈȓȓȈȌȣ ȉȖȋȐȕȐ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȣ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ ǳȐȒ ȉȖȋȐȕȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȐȦ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȘȖȎȌȍȕȈ ȕȍ
ȗȓȖȚȤȦ ȕȖ ȘȈȏțȔȖȔ ǯȍȊșȈ ȓȐȒ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȐȌȍȈȓȤȕȖ-ȖȚȊȓȍȟȍȕȕȖȔ șȔȣșȓȍ
ȗȘȖșȚțȗȈȓ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ Ȋ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ Ȑ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȍȒȚțȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȍ ǾȊȍȚȈȍ-
ȊȖȑ ȅȚȖȚ ȓȐȒ ȉȣȓ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȈȕȚȐȟȕȖȑ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȣ Ȑ ȍȍ ȕȈșȓȍȌȐȧ Ǵȣ ȗȖȕȐ-
ȔȈȍȔ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȊȏȈȐȔȖȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȒȖșȔȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȉȓȈȋȖȚȊȖȘȕȣȝ șȐȓ Ȑ ȥȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ țșȐ-
ȓȐȑ Ȑ ȌȖșȚȐȎȍȕȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȈ ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȚȤ ȥȚȈ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ ȎȐȓȈ Ȋ ǴȈȘȐȕȍ
ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȍȍ Ȍȕȍȑ ǬȘțȋȐȍ Ȏȍ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȔȍȕȧȓȐșȤ ǵȈ ȕȐȝ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȓȐșȤ șȓȍȌȣ
ȕȐȡȍȚȣ Ȋ ȉȍȎȍȕșȚȊȍ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȈ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȈ ȒȈȒ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ ȊșȚȘȍȟ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ
Ȑ Ȑȝ ȖȞȍȕȒȐ ǶȞȍȕȒȐ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȈȔȖȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȍȑ ȕȖ ȉȍȋȖȔ Ȑ ȗȘȍ-
ȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍȔ ȐȌȍȑ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȝ ș șȖȉȣȚȐȧȔȐ
ǭȡȍ ȌȖ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍșȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȊȖ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȦ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓȈ ©ǷȖȥȔț ǫȖȘȣª
ǰȔȍȓșȧ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȗțȚȤ ȊȖșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ǷȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȖ ȖȚȘȈȏȐȓȖ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȚȣȑ ȖȗȣȚ
ȧ țȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ: ȖȗȣȚ ș ȕȍȒȐȔ ǲ ǩ Ǹ ǴȐȘȈȎ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ ș ȘȈȊȕȣȔ șȍȉȍ
ȗȖ ȗȓȍȟț ȌȓȐȓșȧ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖ ǬȖȊȍȘȐȊȠȐșȤ ȓțȒȈȊȖȔț Ȑ ȓȎȐȊȖȔț ȗȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȘȐȘȖ-
Ȍȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ȋȖȘȍșȚȕȖ ȗȖȗȓȈȚȐȓȈșȤ ǰ ȒȈȒ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȐȏȉȘȈȕȕȐȞȈ
Ȑ ȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȈ ȗȖ ȍȍ Ȏȍ ȔȣșȓȐ ©ȕȈȐȚȐȧ șȚȐȝȐȑª ǳȎȍȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ
ȖȕȈ ȘȍȠȐȓȈ Ȋ ȔȐȕțȚț ȉȓȈȎȐ ȐșȗȣȚȈȚȤ șȊȖȦ șțȌȤȉț Ȑ șȊȖȉȖȌț ȈȉșȖȓȦȚȕțȦ șȊȖ-
ȉȖȌț ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȓ ȍȍ ȕȈȏȍȔȤ ǫȖȘȈ ȟȈȍȔȖȋȖ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍ ȓțȟȠȍ ȦȌȖȓȐ
ȗȓȈȟȈ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȍ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ǴȈȘȐȕȣ Ȋ ȏȍȔȕȖȔ ȒȘțȋț ǵȍ Ȋ ȖȉȣȌȍȕȕȖȔ
ȗȖȊșȍȌȕȍȊȕȖȔ ȐȓȐ ȉȣȚȖȊȖȔ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȐ ǻȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȍȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ ȕȍ Ȑșȟȍȏ-
ȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ ȊȍȘȈ Ȋ șȊȖȦ șȐȓț ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ ǹ ȐȏȢȧȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȐȧ Ȋȣ-
ȠȓȈ ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȤ Nosce te ipsum... ǪȍȘȈ Ȋ șȊȖȦ șȊȍȘȝȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȕȖșȚȤ ȗțȚȍȔ țȕȐȎȍȕȐȧ
ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈ ǴȈȘȐȕȍ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȖȉȡȍȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȕȖșȚȤ ǲȈȒ ȕȐ ȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȖȚ ȚȖȓ-
ȗȣ Ȑ ȠȍȘȍȕȋȐ ȍȑ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȗȖȉȣȚȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȐȝ
ǵȐȔȉ — ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȈȚȘȐȉțȚ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȐȌȍȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȕȈ-
ȝȖȌȒȈ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȖȊ ǰȕȌȐȐ Ȑ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ǶȡțȡȈȧ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊȐȌȧ Ȕȣ
Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȔ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȐȏȓțȟȍȕȐȧ Ȑ șȊȍȟȍȕȐȧ ȌțȝȖȊȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ ȐȏȉȘȈȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ǷȘȖȊȐȌȍȕȐȍȔ Ȋ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒț ǷȖșȓȍ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȚȖȋȖ — ȊȖȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ — șȊȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȕȐȔȉȈ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ ȗȖȚțșȒȕȍȓȖ Ǫ ǴȈȘȐȕȍ ȗȖȧȊȐ-
ȓȈșȤ ȒȖșȕȖșȚȤ ȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤ ȊȍȘȐȋ ȉȣȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȖȕȈ ȚȈȒ ȉȖȧȓȈșȤ ©ǩȣȚ
ǺȧȎȒȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ ǷȖȟȚȐ ȒȈȒ ȉȣȒ ǪȣȕȖȠț ȍȋȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȒȖȟȍȊȕȐȒȖȊª
ǵȖ ȒȖȟȍȊȕȐȟȍșȚȊț ǴȈȘȐȕȣ țȎȍ ȉȣȓ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕ ȗȘȍȌȍȓ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȕȈș
Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ǶȚȉȐȊȈȧșȤ ȖȚ ȕȍȔȐȓȖșȍȘȌȕȖȋȖ ȉȣȚȈ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ȖȎȍșȚȖ-
ȟȈȓȈșȤ Ǫ ȗȘȖȜȐȓȍ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ-ǷȓȈȚȐȕȣ ȗȖȘȖȦ ȗȘȖșȚțȗȈȓȐ ȟȍȘȚȣ șȚȈȘȍȦȡȍȑ
©ȊȍȌȤȔȣª
ǷȖȔȕȦ ȖȌȕȖ ȘȍȏȒȖȍ șȚȖȓȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȒȕȐȋț ǹ Ǵ ǪȖȓ-
ȒȖȕșȒȖȋȖ ©ǸȖȌȐȕȈª ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȖ șȘȈȊȕȐȊȈȧ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ ș ǫȨȚȍ ǭșȓȐ ȕȍ ȖȠȐȉȈȦșȤ
ȖȕȈ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȧ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ǪȖȓȒȖȕșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȔȖȍ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ
ǷȘȖȟȐȚȈȊ ȒȕȐȋț ȧ ȕȈȏȊȈȓ ȍȍ ©ȒȕȧȎȍșȒȖȑª țȉȍȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȍȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȕȖȑ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ-ȒȓȈșșȖȊȖȑ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ǵȍȌȖțȔȍȕȐȍ ǴȈȘȐȕȣ

230
șȔȍȕȐȓȖșȤ ȋȕȍȊȖȔ ǹȗȖȘ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȓ ș ȍȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȋ ȖȏȓȖȉȓȍȕȐȍ ǪșȗȖȔȐȕȈȧ Țȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȕȍȏȈȌȈȟȓȐȊȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȓȈ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȍ-
țȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȕȖșȚȤ șȊȖȍȑ ȖȞȍȕȒȐ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ șȗȖȘȐȓȈ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ țȗȘȧȔșȚȊȈ ǷȖȚȍȘȧȊ ȚȍȘȗȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȧ Ȋȏȧȓ șȖ șȚȖȓȈ ©ǴȖȓȖȌȞȈª ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ — ȍȍ ȗȖȌȈȘȖȒ ǶȚȣșȒȈȊ ȕțȎȕțȦ Ȕȕȍ
șȚȘȈȕȐȞț ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȓ Ȋșȓțȝ ȍȍ Ȏȍ șȚȐȝ
©ǵȈ șȊȖȍȔ șȍȓȍ — Ȕȣ ȞȈȘȤ
ǯȈȝȖȚȐȔ — ș ȒȖȕȍȔ Ȋ ȈȓȚȈȘȤª
ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȐȔȍȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ ȖȕȈ ȔȖȓ-
ȟȈȓȈ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȘȍȏȒȖ ©Ǵȕȍ ȗȖȘȈ ȌȖȔȖȑª
ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȕȣ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐșȤ ǹȓțȟȈȑȕȣȍ Ȑ ȘȍȌȒȐȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ ș ǴȈȘȐ-
ȕȖȑ ȌȖ ȍȍ ȗȍȘȍșȍȓȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎ ȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȗȖȊȖȌȈ Ȍȓȧ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ ȐȓȐ șȗȖ-
ȘȖȊ Ǫ Țȍ ȋȖȌȣ Ȋ ǷȘȈȋț ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ ǴȈȒșȐȔ ǫȖȘȤȒȐȑ Ȑ Ǫ Ǽ ǽȖȌȈșȍȊȐȟ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȈ
ȖȚȣșȒȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓȈ șȊȍșȚȐ Ȓ ǫȖȘȤȒȖȔț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ ȗȖȖȉȍȡȈȓȈ,
ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȈȗȐȠț Ȍȓȧ ©ǩȍșȍȌȣª șȚȈȚȤȦ Ȗȉ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍ Ȋ ǿȍȝȐȐ ǴȖȑ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ
ȖȚȒȈȏ țȌȐȊȐȓ ȍȍ ǲȖȋȌȈ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȋȓȧȌȍȓȈ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȒȖ-
șȐȓȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȈȔȧȚȕȣȑ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȍȕȤ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ
țȎȍ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȣȊȈȓȈ șȖȋȓȈȠȍȕȐȍ ș ȊȘȈȋȖȔ ȊșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȗțȚȤ ȌȖȚȖȓȍ ȕȍ-
ȗȘȐȍȔȓȍȔȖȋȖ Ȑ ȘȖȒȖȊȖȋȖ șȋȖȊȖȘȈ...
ǵǮǽǮǲǻȍ ǸǾȉǿǼǹǼǰǮ
«Il faut revenir un jour chez soi. Il ț faut
revenir malgré soi.
On ț revient toujours, mais pourquoi?!
Comme il faudra mourir un jour».
Paul FȖrt («Ballades Françaises»)*
Ǫ 1931 ȋȖȌț Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȓȍȚȈ ȧ ȕȈȊȍșȚȐȓ șȍȔȤȦ ȘȍȎȐșșȍȘȈ Ǻ-ȋȖ Ȋ ǴȍȌȖȕȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ
ǷȈȘȐȎȈ ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ țȎȐȕȈ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȑ Ǫ șȚȖȓȖȊțȦ ȕȍȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȕȕȖ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȅȜȘȖȕ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓȐ ǷȘȈȋț ǵȈȠȐ ȖȚȕȖȠȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓȐșȤ ȍȡȍ ȌȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ǵȣ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȗȐșȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ǵȖ ȅȜȘȖȕ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȍ Ȗȉ-
* ©ɉɪɢɞɟɬ ɩɨɪɚ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɣ ɩɨɪɨɝ ɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɚɞɨ
ɂ ɦɵ ɧɟ ɜɥɚɫɬɧɵ ɱɚɫ ɫɟɣ ɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ
ȼɨɡɜɪɚɬɭ ɜɫɹɤ ɩɨɤɨɪɟɧ ɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɇɨ ɩɨɱɟɦɭ"
Ⱦɚ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɞɟɧɶ ɩɪɢɞɟɬ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɚɫ ɜ ɫɚɜɚɧ ɨɛɥɚɱɚɬ ɜɡɚɦɟɧ ɧɚɪɹɞɚª
ɉɨɥɶ Ɏɨɪ (1872), ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɢɣ ɥɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɷɬ ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɝɨ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɡɦɚ

231
ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍ ǸȈșșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ Ȗ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȋ ǿȍȝȐȐ ȖȉȡȐȝ ȏȕȈȒȖ-
Ȕȣȝ Ȑ ȊșȧȟȍșȒȐ ȕȈșȚȈȐȊȈȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȐ ȚȘȈȗȍȏȣ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȏȌ-
ȕȐȑ ȟȈș ȧ ȏȈȠȍȓ ȉȣ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ©ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȈȒ ȘȈȌȈ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ șȚȈȘȖȍ... ǪȍȌȤ
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐșȤ!»
ǯȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ șȍȘȣȍ șȒȖȘȉȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȋțșȚȣȍ șȌȊȐȕțȚȣȍ ȉȘȖȊȐ ȊȣȌȈȦȡȐȍ ȗȖș-
ȚȖȧȕȕțȦ ȚȘȍȊȖȋț ǰ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȌȖȒțȟȓȐȊȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș ©ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȈȒ ȘȈȌȈ ȊȈș țȊȐ-
ȌȍȚȤ Ǵȣ ȎȐȊȍȔ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ǷȍȘȍȑȚȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȌȖȘȖȎȕȣȑ ȔȖșȚ Ȋ
ȗȧȚȐ ȔȐȕțȚȈȝ ȖȚșȦȌȈ...»
ǪȖ ȊȚȖȘțȦ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț ȗȘȖȠȓȖȋȖ ȊȍȒȈ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȑ ǭȊȘȖȗȍ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ ȖșȖȉȣȑ ȊȐȌ
ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȝ ȌȖȝȖȌȕȣȝ ȌȖȔȖȊ ǶȕȐ ȊșȦȌț ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȣ ǻȏȒȐȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ Ȋ ȕȐȝ
ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȚ șȚȖȑȓȈ Ȋ ȒȖȕȦȠȕȧȝ ǵȍșȖȘȈȏȔȍȘȕȣȍ ȖȒȕȈ ȗȘȖȗțșȒȈȦȚ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟ-
ȕȖ șȊȍȚȈ ǿȍȘȍșȟțȘ ȊȣșȖȒȐȍ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȐ ȐșȒȓȦȟȈȦȚ țȦȚ Ǫ ȥȚȐȝ ȎȐȓȐȡȈȝ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ
ȏȐȔȖȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ Ȑ șȐȘȖȚȓȐȊȖ ȓȍȚȖȔ
ǲȖȔȕȈȚȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȎȐȓȈ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍ ȓțȟȠȍ ǬȊȍ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ț șȚȍȕȣ ȐȏȋȖ-
ȓȖȊȤȍ Ȓ ȐȏȋȖȓȖȊȤȦ ǵȈ ȉȍșȞȊȍȚȕȣȝ șȚȍȕȈȝ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȜȖȚȖ-
ȋȘȈȜȐȐ ǵȍȘȧȠȓȐȊȣȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȑ șȚȖȓ ȕȍțȉȘȈȕȕȈȧ ȗȖșțȌȈ ǺȈȉȈȟȕȣȑ ȌȣȔ
ǰ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȚțșȒȓȈȧ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȓȈȔȗȖȟȒȈ
ȇ ȖȎȐȌȈȓ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȌȍȚȍȑ ǨȓȦ ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȤ ǴȈȘȐȕȣ Ȑ ȍȍ șȣȕȈ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȏȕȈȓ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȕȈșȓȣȠȒȍ ǹȊȖȦ ȌȖȟȤ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȈ șȟȐȚȈȓȈ ȋȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȕȈȏȖȑȓȐȊȖ Ȑ ȉȍș-
ȞȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȍȒȓȈȔȐȘȖȊȈȓȈ ǵȖ ǨȓȐ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǵȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ șȣȕȈ Ǩ Ȕȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ țȊȐ-
ȌȍȚȤ ȟȍȘȚȣ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ...
ǶȎȐȌȈȕȐȧ ȅȜȘȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȠȐȉȖȟȕȣ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȔȖȍ-
Ȕț ȗȘȐȝȖȌț ȕȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȈ ȉȍȏȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȖ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ ȌȈȎȍ șțȝȖ ǫȓȧȌȍȓȈ țȗȖȘȕȖ Ȋ
șȚȖȘȖȕț Ȑ ȉȍșȗȘȍșȚȈȕȕȖ ȒțȘȐȓȈ ǲȖȎȈ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȓȐȞȍ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ȕȍ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȓȈ Șț-
Ȕȧȕ șȚȈȓȈ ȎȍȓȚȖȊȈȚȖ-ȔțȚȕȖȑ ǶșȍȕȤ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ ȌȊȖȘȍ... ǷȖ-
ȏȈ ǴȈȘȐȕȣ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍȓȈȧ șȓȖȊȕȖ ț ȕȍȍ ȕȣȓ ȗȖȏȊȖȕȖȟȕȐȒ. ǫțȉȣ șȚȘȖȋȖ șȖȔ-
ȒȕțȚȣ Ǩ ȕȈ ȟȍȓȍ ©ǿȍȋȖ ȊȈȔ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȌȖ" ǸȈȏȊȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ “șȦȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȈ-
ȝȖȌȐȚ ȉțȌțȡȍȍ ȏȌȍșȤ ȊșȨ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ Ȑ ȖȚșȚȈȊȒȈ...”» — ©ǵȍȚ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ
ȔȖȧ ȔȣșȓȤ — ȅȚȈ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȒȈ Ȑȏ ǫȖȋȖȓȧ ȕȍȒșȚȈȚȐ ǯȌȍșȤ ȊșȨ — ȕȍȔȖȍ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȍ
ǯȌȍșȤ — ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȍ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ...» ©Ǫȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȈ Ȑ ȅȜȘȖȕ ȖȉȘȈȡȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȌȘțȋ Ȓ ȌȘțȋț ȕȈ “Ȋȣ” ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ǨȘȚȍȔȐȍȊȐȟ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȓȍȚȖ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ǳȈȔȈȕ-
ȠȈ...» — ǷțșȚȖȍ ȥȝȖ — ©ǵȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ǳȈȔȈȕȠȈ"ª ...ǰ șȚȈȘȖȌȈȊȕȍȍ șȘȍȌșȚȊȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȕȍ ȗȘȐȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȚȤ ȕȐ ȌțȠț ȕȐ ȔȣșȓȐ ©ǫȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȐȌȍȚ ȌȖȎȌȤª
ǵȖ Ȗ ȗȖȋȖȌȍ Ȕȣ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ǵȣ ȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ ǳț-
ȟȐșȚȣȑ ȕȐȔȉ ǴȈȘȐȕȣ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȖȡțȡȈȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȗȖȋȈș ǶȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȟȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȟțȎȖȍ ȕȍȌȘțȎȍȓȦȉȕȖȍ
— ©ǷȍȟȈȚȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ Ȋȣ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ" ǿȚȖ Ȋȣ ȗȐȠȍȚȍ"ª ǵȍȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȎȐȔȈȧ
ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ ȕȐȏȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ©ǲȖȍ-ȟȚȖ... ǸȈȏȊȍ șȚȐȝȐ ȕțȎȕȣ ȒȖȔț-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȋ ȥȔȐ-
ȋȘȈȞȐȐ"..»
ȅȜȘȖȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȔțȡȍȕȐȍ ǷȣȚȈȓșȧ ȊȣȊȍșȚȐ ǴȈȘȐȕț Ȑȏ ȍȍ ȔȘȈȟȕȖȋȖ șȖ-
șȚȖȧȕȐȧ ǵȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȓȖ ǶșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȚȒȓȈȕȧȚȤșȧ ǰșȗȖȊȍȌȐ ȖȚ ǴȈ-
ȘȐȕȣ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȌȈȎȍ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒ ǺȍȔ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȔȖȋ ȖȎȐȌȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȧ
ǵȐ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȍ ǴȈȘȐȕȣ ȕȐ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȧ ș ȍȍ țȔȍȕȐȍȔ șȊȍȚșȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȕȈ-
țȟȐȓȐ ȍȍ ȗȘȐȚȊȖȘșȚȊț ǻȝȖȌȧ ȌȖșȈȌȣ ȧ ȕȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȏȕȈȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȕȐ-
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȔșȧ ǴȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ ǴȈȘȐȕȣ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ț

ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȈ ǹȖ șȎȈȚȣȔȐ ȏțȉȈȔȐ șȖ Ȏȋțȟȍȑ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤȦ
Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȔț ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ ȖȕȈ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȗȣȚȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȊȣȝȖȌ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ șȚȈȊȒȈ ǬȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȕȈȧ" ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ, ȖȕȈ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ǶȕȈ ȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȘȖȌȐȕț ǩțȌȍȚ ȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ țșȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȓȍȕȖ ȟȚȖ ș ȕȍȦ ȚȈȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ" ǭȌȊȈ ȓȐ... ǶȉȡȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȖȌȕȖ Ȋ 1941 ȋȖȌț
ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȈ ȗȖȊȍșȐȓȈșȤ ǩȣȓ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șțȌ ȕȈȌ șȈȔȖȑ șȖȉȖȦ"
Ǩ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȔȍșȚȤ ȘȈȏȖȉȓȈȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȍȦ ȒȖȟțȦȡȍȋȖ Ȋ ȊȍȒȈȝ ǲȘȣșȖ-
ȓȖȊȈ"..

233
Ǽǯ ǮǰȀǼǾǳ
ǷȘȖȏȈȐȒ ȗȖȥȚ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖȊȍȌ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ǨȘȚȍȔȤȍȊȐȟ ǭȓȍȕȍȊ ȘȖȌȐȓșȧ  ȖȒȚȧȉȘȧ
 ȋ ȕȈ șȚ ǳȖȏȖȊȈȧ-ǷȈȊȓȖȊȒȈ ǭȒȈȚȍȘȐȕȖșȓȈȊșȒȖȑ ȋțȉ Ȋ șȍȔȤȍ ȝȈȘȤȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȌȊȖȘȧ-
ȕȐȕȈ Ǩ Ƿ ǭȓȍȕȐȕȈ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȤȞȈ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȐȔȍȕȐȧ ©ǺțȜȍȓȤȒȈª Ȋ ǵȐȎȕȍȑ ǴȈșșȈȕȌȘȍ
Ȑ ȋȘȈȌȖȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȈ ȇȓȚȣ Ȋ - ȋȋ ǶȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȧȓȚȐȕșȒțȦ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȖȊșȒțȦ ȔțȎ-
șȒțȦ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȦ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ țȟȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȦȘȐȌȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȜȈȒțȓȤȚȍȚȍ ǴȖșȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐ-
ȚȍȚȈ Ȑ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȖȊșȒȖȔ ȈȘȝȍȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚȍ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȗȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧȔ
Ȋ ǴȖȘșȒȖȔ ȒȖȘȗțșȍ
ǬȍȉȦȚȐȘȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ  ȋ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ©ǿȈȌȘȈ ǬȍȓȧȘȣª Ȋ ©ǮțȘ-
ȕȈȓȍ Ȍȓȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕª ǻȟȈșȚȕȐȒ ǷȍȘȊȖȑ ǴȐȘȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ǫȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒȖȑ ȊȖȑȕ Ǫ  ȋ Ȗȗț-
ȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓ ȘȧȌ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȑ Ȋ șȍȊȈșȚȖȗȖȓȤșȒȐȝ ȈȓȤȔȈȕȈȝȈȝ Ǫ ǩȈȧȕȈ ©ǶȉȊȈȓȣ șȍȘȌ-
ȞȈª ©ǷȤȧȕȣȍ ȊȐȠȕȐª -ȍ ȐȏȌ Ǫ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȋȖȌț ȥȔȐȋȘȐȘȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ǲȖȕșȚȈȕȚȐȕȖȗȖȓȤ ȋȌȍ
ȉȣȓ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȍȔ ǲȖȔȐșșȐȐ ȗȖ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȉȍșȗȓȈȚȕȖȋȖ ȗȐȚȈȕȐȧ Ȍȓȧ ȘțșșȒȐȝ ȉȍȎȍȕ-
ȞȍȊ.ǷȍȘȍȉȘȈȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ǷȘȈȋț ȖȒȖȕȟȐȓ ǸțșșȒȐȑ ȦȘȐȌȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȜȈȒțȓȤȚȍȚ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜșȒȐȑ
ȜȈȒțȓȤȚȍȚ ǲȈȘȓȖȊȈ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ ǪȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ șȖșȚȈȊ ȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ șȚȖȓȖȊȖȑ ©ǸțșșȒȖȋȖ ǶȟȈ-
ȋȈª șȖșȚȖȧȓ ȟȓȍȕȖȔ ǹȖȦȏȈ ȘțșșȒȐȝ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȍȑ Ȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚȖȊ Ȋ ǿȍȝȖșȓȖȊȈȒȐȐ Ǹțș-
șȒȖȋȖ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ș  ȋ
Ǫ -1930-ȝ ȋȋ ȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ ȔȐȕȐȈȚȦȘȣ Ȑ șȚȈȚȤȐ Ȋ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ Ȑ ȎțȘȕȈ-
ȓȈȝ ǷȘȈȋȐ ©ǪȖȓȧ ǸȖșșȐȐª ©ǵȍȌȍȓȧª ©ǹȊȖȐȔȐ ȗțȚȧȔȐª ǷȈȘȐȎȈ ©ǪȖȏȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȍª
©ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȕȖȊȖșȚȐª
 ǩȍȘȓȐȕȈ ©ǸțȓȤª ©ǹȗȖȓȖȝȐª
 ǸȐȋȐ ©ǷȍȘȍȏȊȖȕȣª ǩȘȦș-
șȍȓȧ ©ǩȓȈȋȖȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȕȣȑª
 ǪȈȘȠȈȊȣ ©Ǵȍȟª Ȑ ȌȘ Ǫ ǷȘȈȋȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȍȔ
ȊȣȠȓȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ©ǷțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȐ ǭȒȈȚȍȘȐȕȣ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȕȣ Ȋ ǩȖȋȍȔȐȦ Ȋ
1813 ȋȖȌțª 1936). ǹȖȉȐȘȈȓ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȣ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȐȏȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ©ǹȓȖȊȈȘȧ ȘțșșȒȐȝ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐ-
ȒȖȊ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȑª Ȋ  Ȑ  ȋȋ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȣȊȈȓ Ȋ ǷȘȈȋȍ ȊȣșȚȈȊȒȐ ȝțȌȖȎ-
ȕȐȒȈ ǩ ǫȘȐȋȖȘȤȍȊȈ
Ǫ 1931-1935 ȋȋ ȎȐȓ ȊȖ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ ȏȈȚȍȔ Ȋ ǷȖȏȕȈȕȐ ǷȖȓȤȠȈ ǸȈȉȖȚȈȓ Ȋ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȔ
ǰȕșȚȐȚțȚȍ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȐșȒțșșȚȊ Ǫ 1942 ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ǷȘȈȋț ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȐȐ (1943). ǸȈ-
ȉȖȚȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȟȐȒȖȔ ȗȘȐ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȍ ȅ ǩȍȕȍȠȈ Ǫ 1946-1950 ȋȋ ȎȐȓ ȊȖ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ
ȏȈȚȍȔ Ȋ ǹȀǨ ȗȘȍȗȖȌȈȊȈȓ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȧȏȣȒ Ȋ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȑ ȠȒȖȓȍ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȧȏȣȒȖȊ Ȋ ǴȖȕ-
ȚȍȘȍȍ ǷțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȎțȘȕȈȓȍ ©ǫȘȈȕȐª ǼȘȈȕȒȜțȘȚ-ȕȈ-ǴȈȑȕȍ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ ©ǸțșșȒȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ»
Ȑ ©ǵȖȊȖȍ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȖª
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ Ȋ ǨȊșȚȘȐȐ ǹȒȖȕȟȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȗțȚȐ Ȑȏ ǵȍȈȗȖȓȧ Ȋ ǵȤȦ-
ǱȖȘȒ Ȋ  ȋ
ǮȍȕȈ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ ȉȘȈȒȍ – ǭ ǰ ǭȓȍȕȍȊȈ Ȋ ȌȍȊȐȟȍșȚȊȍ ǨȓȤȚȠțȓȓȍȘ -1982) ȌȘț-
ȎȐȓȈ ș Ǵ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȖȑ, șȖȉȐȘȈȓȈ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȣ Ȗ ȕȍȑ șȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ șȉȖȘȕȐȒ ȍȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȏȣ ǵȤȦ-ǱȖȘȒ .

234
ǲǶǴǴǭǵǺǨǸǰǰ
Ǫșȍ ȊȒȓȦȟȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȒȕȐȋț ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȏȈ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȋȖȊȖȘȍȕȕȣȝ șȓțȟȈȍȊ ȗțȉ-
ȓȐȒțȦȚșȧ ȗȖ ȖȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȍȘȊȖȐȏȌȈȕȐȧȔ ǶȘȜȖȋȘȈȜȐȧ Ȑ ȗțȕȒȚțȈȞȐȧ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȍȕȣ Ȓ
șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȖȘȔȈȔ ǲȈȒ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȖ ȟȈșȚȣȍ Ȋ ȥȔȐȋȘȈȕȚșȒȖȑ ȋȈȏȍȚȕȖȑ Ȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȍ-
ȘȐȖȌȐȒȍ -ȝ ȋȋ ȖȗȍȟȈȚȒȐ ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȉȍȏȖȋȖȊȖȘȖȟȕȖ
Mizzi
ǪȖȓȧ ǸȖșșȐȐ ǭȎȍȔȍșȧȟȕȣȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȐ Ȑ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȣ ǷȘȈȋȈ  ȹ  Ȍȍ-
ȒȈȉȘȤ
ǹ  ǫȘȐȋȖȘȐȦ ǨȓȤȚȠțȓȓȍȘț — ǫ ǰ ǨȓȤȚȠțȓȓȍȘ -1983) — ȠțȘȐȕ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ ȌȖȒ-
ȚȖȘ ȔȍȌȐȞȐȕȣ ȔȍȔțȈȘȐșȚ ǹ  ȋ Ȋ ȥȔȐȋȘȈȞȐȐ Ǫ  ȋ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓ ȘȖȌȣ ț Ǵ ǾȊȍ-
ȚȈȍȊȖȑ Ȑ șȗȈș ȍȍ șȣȕȈ ǴțȘȈ ȖȚ țȌțȠȤȧ
ǹ. 7. «Wie heisst du? ... Mizzi natürlich» — ©ǲȈȒ Țȍȉȧ ȏȖȊțȚ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǼȘȐȌȖȓȐȕ —
«ǵț ȒȈȒ ȏȖȊțȚ-ȚȖ ȕȈș ǴȐȞȞȐ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ» (ȕȍȔ ȅȗȐȋȘȈȜ ȖȉȣȋȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ȌȈ-
ȓȍȍ Ȋ ȚȍȒșȚȍ ȊȏȧȚ Ȑȏ ©Traumnovelleª ©ǵȖȊȍȓȓȣ șȕȖȊª  ȈȊșȚȘȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ Ȑ
ȌȘȈȔȈȚțȘȋȈ Ǩ ȀȕȐȞȓȍȘȈ -1931).
ǹ  ...«Amalia Fochs-Witwe» — ©ǪȌȖȊȈ ǨȔȈȓȐȧ ǼȖȝșª ȕȍȔ.).
ǹ  țȉȐȚȖȋȖ Ȋ ǹȈȘȈȍȊȍ ȥȘȞȋȍȘȞȖȋȈ — ǨȊșȚȘȐȑșȒȐȑ ȥȘȞȋȍȘȞȖȋ ǼȘȈȕȞ ǼȍȘȌȐȕȈȕȌ
(1863- Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȎȍȕȈ ǹȖȜȐ ȉȣȓȐ țȉȐȚȣ Ȋ ǹȈȘȈȍȊȖ  ȐȦȕȧ  ȋ ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȓțȎȐȓȖ
ȗȖȊȖȌȖȔ Ȓ ȕȈȟȈȓț ǷȍȘȊȖȑ ǴȐȘȖȊȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ
ǹ  ȕȈ ȉȈȠȕȍ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ ǹȊȧȚȖȋȖ ǹȚȍȜȈȕȈ — ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȗȘȈȎșȒȐȑ ȒȖ-
șȚȍȓ ǹȊ ǹȚȍȜȈȕȈ ȊȖȏȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ XIV Ȋ
ǹ  ...«schmutzige Metze» — ©ȋȘȧȏȕȈȧ șțȒȈª ȕȍȔ.).
ǹ  ǷȖȘȖȝȖȊȖȑ ȉȈȠȕȐ — ǷȖȘȖȝȖȊȈȧ ȉȈȠȕȧ — ȋȖȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȉȈȠȕȧ XV Ȋ Ȋ ǷȘȈȋȍ
șȓțȎȐȊȠȈȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȒȓȈȌȖȔ ȗȖȘȖȝȈ.
ǹ. 11. «Old Prague», «monuments» ... «Very beautiful» — ©ǹȚȈȘȈȧ ǷȘȈȋȈª ©ȗȈȔȧȚȕȐȒȐª 
©ǶȟȍȕȤ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖª Ȉȕȋȓ.).
ǹ  ǫȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ șȚȊȖȘȒȐ ȞȊȍȚȕȣȝ ȖȒȖȕ ȘȈȏȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ — ǬȈȓȍȍ ȖȗȐșȈȕȈ ȗȘȖ-
ȞȍșșȐȧ ȈȗȖșȚȖȓȖȊ ȕȈ șȘȍȌȕȍȊȍȒȖȊȣȝ ȈșȚȘȖȕȖȔȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȟȈșȈȝ ǹȚȈȘȖȔȍșȚșȒȖȑ ȘȈȚțȠȐ
Ȋ ǷȘȈȋȍ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ țȒȘȈȠȈȦȡȐȍ ȥȚȐ ȟȈșȣ șȒțȓȤȗȚțȘȣ
ǹ. 15. Mein Herr, es ist wahrscheinlich ein Irrtum… — ǫȖșȗȖȌȐȕ, ȏȌȍșȤ, ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ, ȒȈȒȈȧ-
ȚȖ ȖȠȐȉȒȈ (ȕȍȔ.).

235
ǷȘȍȑșȒțȘȈȕȚ
ǸȖșșȐȧ Ȑ șȓȈȊȧȕșȚȊȖ ǷȈȘȐȎ 1929. ȹ 9, 12 ȧȕȊ
ǹ 20. ©ǰȉȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ șȊȍȒȓȈ ȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ șȍȔȍȟȒȈª — Ȑȏ Ȓȕ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȈ ǳ ǰ ȀȍșȚȖȊȈ
(1866-1938) «Potestas Clavium ǪȓȈșȚȤ ȒȓȦȟȍȑª (1923).
ǹ 21. ...«ora pro nobis» — ©ȔȖȓȐȚȍșȤ ȏȈ ȕȈșª (ȓȈȚ.).
C. 22. ©/DVN¶țª Ȑ ©6OXQLþNRª — ©ǳȦȉȖȊȤª Ȑ ©ǹȖȓȕȣȠȒȖª (ȟȍȠșȒ.).
C. 25. …«reisebureau» — ȉȦȘȖ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȑ (ȕȍȔ.).
ǹ 28. Bonsoir, messieurs! Êtes-vou prêts?! — ǬȖȉȘȣȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ Ǫȣ ȋȖȚȖȊȣ" (ȜȘ.).
ǵȖȟȕȈȧ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȈ
ǵȍȌȍȓȧ ǷȘȈȋȈ 1927. ȹ 8, 8 ȜȍȊȘ
ǹ 33. ǸȖȗșȈ — Ǽ ǸȖȗș (1833-1898) — ȉȍȓȤȋȐȑșȒȐȑ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ-șȐȔȊȖȓȐșȚ ȋȘȈȜȐȒ
ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȈȚȖȘ șȖȏȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȥȘȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȔȈȒȈȉȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊ
ǫȖșȚȤ
ǹȊȖȐȔȐ ȗțȚȧȔȐ ǳȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖ-ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ-ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȐȓȓȦ-
șȚȘȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ ǷȘȈȋȈ 1926. ȹ 12/13, ȐȦȕȤ
ǹ 36. ȅȕȋȘ — Ǯ Ƕ ȅȕȋȘ (1780-1867) — ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȑ ȎȐȊȖȗȐșȍȞ Ȑ ȋȘȈȜȐȒ ȊȍȌțȡȐȑ
ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȑ ȈȒȈȌȍȔȐșȚ XIX Ȋ ǰȏȊȍșȚȍȕ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȒȈȒ ȚȈȓȈȕȚȓȐȊȣȑ șȒȘȐȗȈȟ șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȕȍ-
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȔȍȔțȈȘȈȔ ȐȋȘȈȓ Ȋ ǸȐȔȍ ȒȊȈȘȚȍȚȣ ǩȍȚȝȖȊȍȕȈ șȖȊȔȍșȚȕȖ ș ǵ ǷȈȋȈȕȐȕȐ (1782-
1840). ǹȖȏȌȈȓ ȌȊȈ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȈ ǷȈȋȈȕȐȕȐ
Angelus Dei
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ Ǵȍȟ ǪȈȘȠȈȊȈ 1935. ȹ 17 (50), 28 ȈȗȘ ȗȖȌ ȏȈȋȓ ©ǴȕȍȕȐȍ ȊȖȏȕȐȞȣ ǲȖ-
ȕȐȟȍȒȈ (Angelus Dei)». ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȐȏȌ ǲȖȊȟȍȋ ǹȉȖȘȕȐȒ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȏȈȘțȉȍȎȕȖȑ
ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȣ ǵȤȦ-ǱȖȘȒ 1942. ǺȍȒșȚ șȊȍȘȍȕ ș ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȗțȉȓ
ǹ 44. Angelus Dei nuntiavit Mariæ... — ©Ǩȕȋȍȓ ǫȖșȗȖȌȍȕȤ ȊȖȏȊȍșȚȐȓ ǴȈȘȐȐª ǷȍȘ-
Ȋȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȒȈȚȖȓȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȑ ȒȈȒ Angelus.
ǹ. 45. ...unser grosse und geliebte Tonkünstler Herr Mozart — ȕȈȠ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ Ȑ ȓȦȉȐȔȣȑ

236
ȔțȏȣȒȈȕȚ ȋȍȘȘ ǴȖȞȈȘȚ (ȕȍȔ.).
ǪȍȍȘ
ǪȖȏȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ ǷȈȘȐȎ 1926. ȹ 472, 17 șȍȕȚ
ǹ 47. ǽȖȌȖȊȍȞȒȖȋȖ — Ǭ ǽȖȌȖȊȍȞȒȐȑ (1726-1801) — ȗȖȓȤșȒȖ-ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȑ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ ȏȕȈ-
ȔȍȕȐȚȣȑ ȋȘȈȜȐȒ
ǹ 47. ...«Die Reise nach Danzig» — ȚȖȟȕȍȍ «Die Reise von Berlin nach Danzig» ©ǷțȚȍ-
ȠȍșȚȊȐȍ Ȑȏ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȈ Ȋ ǬȈȕȞȐȋª  ǲȕȐȋȈ ǽȖȌȖȊȍȞȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ șȖȉȖȑ ȝțȌȖ-
ȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȈȓȤȉȖȔ-ȌȕȍȊȕȐȒ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ șȖșȚȖȧȡȐȑ Ȑȏ ȋȘȈȊȦȘ Ȋ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ ȕȍ-
ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȚȍȒșȚȖȊ
ǹ. 50. Vierge des champs — ǬȍȊȈ ȗȖȓȍȑ (ȜȘ.).
ǹ 50. ǰȏȈȉȥ — Ǯ-ǩ ǰȏȈȉȍ (1767-1855) — ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȑ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ-ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȐșȚ Ȑ ȔȐ-
ȕȐȈȚȦȘȐșȚ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȊȠȐȑ ȗȘȐ ȌȊȖȘȍ Ȑ ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕȈ Ȑ ǩțȘȉȖȕȖȊ
ǹȐȕȈȋȖȋȈ ǰȏ ȗȘȈȎșȒȐȝ ȓȍȋȍȕȌ
ǩȓȈȋȖȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȕȣȑ ǮțȘȕȈȓ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖȑ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȣ ǩȘȦșșȍȓȤ 1926. ǲȕ II,
ȔȈȘȚ-ȈȗȘȍȓȤ
ǹ 53. ǷșȈȓȖȔ 137 — Ǫ ǹȍȗȚțȈȋȐȕȚȍ Ȑ ǪțȓȤȋȈȚȍ Ƿș 136.
ǹ 53. ǪȍȟȕȖ-ǵȖȊȈȧ șȐȕȈȋȖȋȈ — ǰȔȍȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ǹȚȈȘȖȕȖȊȈȧ șȐȕȈȋȖȋȈ Ȋ ǷȘȈȋȍ șȚȈȘȍȑ-
ȠȈȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȦȡȈȧ șȐȕȈȋȖȋȈ ǭȊȘȖȗȣ (XIII Ȋ
ǹ. 54. ©ǰ ȕȈȒȖȘȔȓȦ Ȑȝ ȗȓȖȚȐȦ ȞȍȓȤȕȣȔ» — ǰȍȘ 19:9-11.
ǹ 55. ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ ǪȓȈȌȣȒȈ ȕȈȠ ... ȔșȚȐȚȍȓȧ — Ƿș 8:2-3.
ǴȖȓȐȚȊȈ ǹȍȓȐȔȈ
ǸȖșșȐȧ ǷȈȘȐȎ 1928. ȹ 7 ȧȕȊ
ǿȈȌȘȈ ǬȍȓȧȘȣ
ǮțȘȕȈȓ Ȍȓȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ 1917. ȹ 17, șȍȕȚȧȉȘȤ

237
ǷȐȘȈȚ ȇȕȐ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȕȖȊȖșȚȐ ǷȈȘȐȎ  ȹ   ȐȦȕȧ.
Ƕșȍȓ
ǹȗȖȓȖȝȐ ǳȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖ-ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȍȎȍȔȍșȧȟȕȣȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ ǩȍȘ-
ȓȐȕ  ȹ  ȔȈȑ-ȐȦȕȤ.
ǷȘȍȌȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȤ șȖȉȈȟȍșȚȊȈ
ǫȘȈȕȐ ǮțȘȕȈȓ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȣ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ ȕȈțȒȐ Ȑ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ-ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐ
ǼȘȈȕȒȜțȘȚ-ȕȈ-ǴȈȑȕȍ  ȹ  ȔȈȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȘȈșșȒ ©ǷȖȌ ǴȓȍȟȕȣȔ ȗțȚȍȔª ȗȖȌ
ȖȉȡȐȔ ȏȈȋȓ ©ǬȊȍ șȒȈȏȒȐª
ǷȖȌ ǴȓȍȟȕȣȔ ǷțȚȍȔ
ǫȘȈȕȐ ǮțȘȕȈȓ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȣ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ ȕȈțȒȐ Ȑ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ-ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐ
ǼȘȈȕȒȜțȘȚ-ȕȈ-ǴȈȑȕȍ  ȹ  ȔȈȑ.
ǯȊȍȘȐ Ȑ ȓȦȌȐ
ǪȖȏȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ ǷȈȘȐȎ  ȹ 398, 5 ȐȦȓȧ.
ǶȌțȊȈȕȟȐȒ
ǪȖȏȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ ǷȈȘȐȎ  ȹ   șȍȕȚ
ǸțșșȒȐȍ ȉȍȎȍȕȞȣ
ǷȍȘȍȏȊȖȕȣ ǳȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖ-ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ ǸȐȋȈ  ȹ  ȐȦȕȤ
ǹ  Ǫ Ǵ ǳȦȉȖȡȐȕșȒȖȑ Ȑ ȝțȌ ǰ ǰ ǲȈȓȦȎȕȖȋȖ — Ǫ Ǵ ǳȦȉȖȡȐȕșȒȈȧ țȘȖȎȌ
ǫȍȘȞȍȕȠȚȍȑȕ — ȌȖȟȤ ȥȒȖȕȖȔȐșȚȈ-ȒȈȌȍȚȈ ȌȍȗțȚȈȚȈ , ǫȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ǬțȔȣ Ǵ ȇ ǫȍȘ-
ȞȍȕȠȚȍȑȕȈ țȉȐȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȕȖșȖȚȍȕȞȈȔȐ ǮȐȓȈ Ȋ ǷȘȈȋȍ ǮȍȕȈ țȟȈșȚȕȐȒȈ ǷȍȘȊȖȑ ǴȐȘȖȊȖȑ
Ȑ ǫȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒȖȑ ȊȖȑȕ Ǵ Ǵ ǳȦȉȖȡȐȕșȒȖȋȖ - țȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȡȍȋȖ ȒțȘȖȘȚȕȣȔ ȖȚȍ-

238
ȓȍȔ Ǫ - ȋȋ ȎȐȓȈ ș ȔțȎȍȔ Ȋ ǰȕȌȐȐ ȋȌȍ ǳȦȉȖȡȐȕșȒȐȑ șȓțȎȐȓ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȔ
ț ȔȈȋȈȘȈȌȎȐ ǩȝȖȗȈȓȈ ǹȒȖȕȟȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ǷȘȈȋȍ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ -ȝ ȋȋ ǰ ǰ ǲȈȓȦȎȕȣȑ (1882-
1934) — ȋȘȈȜȐȒ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȍȘ-ȥșȍȘ Ǫ  ȋ ȉȣȓ ȊȣșȓȈȕ Ȋ ǯȈȉȈȑȒȈȓȤȍ Ǫ
ȋȖȌȣ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ Ȑ ǫȘȈȎȌ ȊȖȑȕȣ Ȋȍȓ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț Ȋ ǵȐȎȕȍȔ ǵȖȊȋȖȘȖȌȍ ǹȈȔȈ-
Șȍ ǻȜȍ ǭȒȈȚȍȘȐȕȉțȘȋȍ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒȍ ȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓ ȜȍȓȤȍȚȖȕȣ Ȑ ȒȈȘȐȒȈȚțȘȣ ȗȖȌ ȗșȍȊȌ
©ǵȈȊȐª ȅȔȐȋȘȐȘȖȊȈȓ Ȋ  ȋ ș ǿȍȠșȒȐȔ ȓȍȋȐȖȕȖȔ Ǫ ǷȘȈȋȍ ȊȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ȒȖȔȐȚȍȚ ǯȍȔ-
ȋȖȘȈ ȕȈțȟȕ ȒȖȔȐșșȐȦ ǸțșșȒȖȋȖ ȏȈȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟ ȈȘȝȐȊȈ Ȑ șȖȊȍȚ ǸțșșȒȖȋȖ ȕȈ-
ȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ ǹȖȚȘțȌȕȐȟȈȓ Ȋ ȉȍȘȓȐȕșȒȖȑ ȋȈȏ ©ǬȕȐª ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ Ȋ ȖȉȓȈșȚȐ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȓȈȌȕȖȑ ȋȘȈȜȐȒȐ Ǫ  ȋ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓ ȕȈ ȟȍȠșȒȖȔ ȧȏ Ȓȕ șȊȖȐȝ șȒȈȏȖȒ ș ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȈȞȐȧ-
ȔȐ
ǹ  ț ȅȕȋȍȓȧ — ȈȕȚȐȒȊȈȘ ȅȕȋȍȓȤ ȜȐȋțȘȐȘțȍȚ ȚȈȒȎȍ Ȋ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȍ ©ǪȍȍȘª
ǹ  ...«Revue du Droit International» — ©ǶȉȖȏȘȍȕȐȍ ȔȍȎȌțȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȈª (ȜȘ.).
ǹ  ǷȍȚȘȈ ǵȍȊșȒȖȋȖ — Ƿ ǭ ǵȍȊșȒȐȑ ȕȈșȚ ȜȈȔ ǭȔȍȓȤȧȕȖȊ -1916) — ȏȕȈȔȍ-
ȕȐȚȣȑ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐșȚ-ȊȐȘȚțȖȏ ǴȕȖȋȖ ȋȈșȚȘȖȓȐȘȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ǭȊȘȖȗȍ Ȑ ȏȈȗȐșȣȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȋȘȈȔȗȓȈ-
șȚȐȕȒȐ ǹȘȍȌȐ ȗȘȖȟȍȋȖ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȕȞȍȘȚȈȝ ȒȘȖȠȍȟȕȣȍ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȒȐ ȕȈȗȖȌȖȉȐȍ
ȖȗȐșȈȕȕȖȑ ȕȐȎȍ
ǪȈȝȔȐșȚȘ ǿțȉ
ǴȓȈȌȖȘțșȤ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖ-ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ șȉȖȘȕȐȒ ǲȕ  ǷȘȈȋȈ 
ǷȍȘșȚȍȕȤ
ǵȈ ȘțȉȍȎȍ ǰȓȓȦșȚȘȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖ-ȗțȉȓȐȞȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ Ȑ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȑ
ȌȊțȝȔȍșȧȟȕȣȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ ǳȤȊȖȊ  ȹ  ȧȕȊȈȘȤ-ȜȍȊȘȈȓȤ.
ǹ  Aber… — ǵȖ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ (ȕȍȔ.).
ǹ  Unerhört... — ǵȍșȓȣȝȈȕȕȖ ȕȍȔ.).
ǿȍȚȣȘȍ ȊȈȘȐȈȞȐȐ
ǸțȓȤ ǩȍȘȓȐȕ  ȹ   ȖȒȚ
ǹ. 138. ...«Tiens, tiens, tiens» — «ǩȍȘȐ, ȉȍȘȐ, ȉȍȘȐ» (ȜȘ.).
ǹ. 139. C’est tout Ȉ fait démodé — ȅȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȚȈȘȖȔȖȌȕȖ ȜȘ.).

239
ǳȍȋȍȕȌȈ Ȗ ȗȖȞȍȓțȍ
ǸțȓȤ ǩȍȘȓȐȕ  ȹ 3247,  ȈȊȋ.
ǹ  Zum letzten mal... höfischen Glänzes — ©Ǫ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ³CȖȓȐȚȦȌ´ ȧȊȓȧȓ șȞȍ-
ȕț ȗȘȐȌȊȖȘȕȖȋȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȐȧ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȐȧ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȐȏȐȚȈ ȘȖșșȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ Ȓȕȧ-
ȏȧ ǷȈȊȓȈ ȊȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ ȞȈȘȧ ǷȈȊȓȈ Iª ǸȍȟȤ ȐȌȍȚ Ȗ ȉȈȘȖȟȕȖȔ ȏȈȔȒȍ ©ǹȖȓȐȚȦȌª ©ǶȌȐ-
ȕȖȟȍșȚȊȖª ȗȖȌ ȀȚțȚȋȈȘȚȖȔ ȗȖșȚȘȖȍȕȕȖȔ Ȋ - ȋȋ ȗȖ ȏȈȒȈȏț ȊȦȘȚȍȔȉȍȘȋșȒȖȋȖ
ȋȍȘȞȖȋȈ ǲȈȘȓȈ ǭȊȋȍȕȐȧ.
ǷȧȚȤ ȋȘȈȊȦȘ
ǸțȓȤ ǩȍȘȓȐȕ  ȹ   ȐȦȕȧ.
C. 145. C’est impossible cȍ que vous racontez — Ǫȣ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚȍ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖȍ
(ȜȘ.).
ǹ  La belle chocolatiere — ©ǷȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈȧ ȠȖȒȖȓȈȌȕȐȞȈª ȜȘ.).
ǹ  ǴȈȘȋȍȘȐȚȈ — ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȗȖȗțȓȧȘȕȣȑ Ȋ -ȝ ȋȋ ȜȘȈȕ-
ȞțȏșȒȐȑ ȘȖȔȈȕȐșȚ Ȑ ȌȘȈȔȈȚțȘȋ Ǫ ǴȈȘȋȍȘȐȚ -1942).
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȗȖȌȘțȋȈ
ǪȖȏȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ ǷȈȘȐȎ  ȹ   ȐȦȕȧ.
ǩȍȓȈȧ ȉȈȠȕȧ
ǸǫǨǳǰ Ǽ. 2275 Ƕȗ  ǭȌ ȝȘ  ǴȈȠȐȕȖȗȐșȤ ș ȈȊȚȖȘșȒȖȑ ȗȘȈȊȒȖȑ
ǨȊȚȖȘ ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȈȞȐȑ ǭ ǵ ǶȘȓȖȊȈ -1945) — ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȞȈ ȋȘȈȜȐȒ Ǫ -ȝ ȋȋ țȟȐ-
ȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȠȒȖȓȍ Ǩ Ǩ ǴțȘȈȠȒȖ Ȋ ǲȐȍȊȍ Ȑ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȖȊșȒȖȔ țȟȐȓȐȡȍ ȎȐȊȖ-
ȗȐșȐ ȊȈȧȕȐȧ Ȑ ȏȖȌȟȍșȚȊȈ ǻȟȈșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ Ȋ ȒȐȍȊșȒȐȝ ȊȣșȚȈȊȒȈȝ Ǫ ȥȔȐȋȘȈȞȐȐ ȎȐȓȈ Ȋ ǷȘȈ-
ȋȍ ǰȓȓȦșȚȘȐȘȖȊȈȓȈ ȒȕȐȋȐ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȈȎșȒȐȝ ȐȏȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊ ǷȖȋȐȉȓȈ ȗȘȐ ȉȖȔȉȍȎȒȍ ǷȘȈȋȐ.
Ǫ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȔ șȈȌț
ǶȉȊȈȓȣ șȍȘȌȞȈ ǪȈȌȐȔ ǩȈȧȕ Ǻ ȁȍȗȒȐȕȈ-ǲțȗȍȘȕȐȒ Ƕ ǴȈȕȌȍȓȤȠȚȈȔ ǴȈȘȐȧ ǲȈȓ-
ȔȣȒȖȊȈ ǨȓȤȉȐȕ ǨȏȖȊșȒȐȑ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ǭȓȍȕȍȊ ǴȐȝȈȐȓ ǸȍȠȖȚȒȐȕ ǩȖȘȐș ǵȍȌȏȍȓȤșȒȐȑ
ǩȖȘȐș ǩȖȉȖȊȐȟ [ǹȍȊȈșȚȖȗȖȓȤ] ȐȏȌ-ȊȖ ©ǺȈȘȈȕª [1920].

ǹ. 203. Le roi est mort! Vive le roi! — ǲȖȘȖȓȤ țȔȍȘ ǬȈ ȏȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȍȚ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ ȜȘ).
ǹ 3. ȇȗȖȕșȒȐȑ ȔȐȒȈȌȖ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȖȓȍȕ – ǯȌȍșȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚșȧ Ȗ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȔ ȐȔȗȍȘȈ-
ȚȖȘȍ ǺȈȑșȨ - ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȏȖȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȘȍșȚȖȓ Ȋ  Ȑ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȍ șȓȈȉȖȋȖ ȏȌȖ-
ȘȖȊȤȧ șȓȖȎȐȓ ș șȍȉȧ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȧ Ȋ 1921 ȋ
ǹ  ǩȍȈȚȘȐȟȍ – ǩȍȈȚȘȐȟȍ ǩȐȟȍ
 ǷȖȘȚȐȕȈȘȐ 66- ȔțȏȈ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȥȚȈ ǬȈȕȚȍ ǨȓȐȋȤȍȘȐ -1321).
ǹ  ǯȊȍȏȌȈȔ țȋȈșȠȐȔ ȠȍșȚȤ ȓȍȚ – Ǻȍ ș  ȋ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȟȈȓȈșȤ ǷȍȘȊȈȧ ǴȐȘȖȊȈȧ
ȊȖȑȕȈ
Ǩȕȋȍȓ ȒȈȜȍ ǪșȚȘȍȟȈ
ǷȤȧȕȣȍ ȊȐȠȕȐ ǰȋȖȘȤ-ǹȍȊȍȘȧȕȐȕ ǪȈȌȐȔ ǩȈȧȕ Ƕ ǴȈȕȌȍȓȤȠȚȈȔ ǴȈȘȐȧ ǲȈȓȔȣ-
ȒȖȊȈ ǨȓȤȉȐȕ ǨȏȖȊșȒȐȑ ǨȕȕȈ ǫȘȐȈȕȖȊȈ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ǭȓȍȕȍȊ ǩȖȘȐș ǩȖȉȖȊȐȟ -ȍ ȐȏȌ [ǹȍ-
ȊȈșȚȖȗȖȓȤ] ȐȏȌ-ȊȖ ©ǺȈȘȈȕª [1920].
ǲȍȔ ȉȣȓȈ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȈ"
ǫȘȈȕȐ ǮțȘȕȈȓ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȣ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ ȕȈțȒȐ Ȑ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ-ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐ
ǼȘȈȕȒȜțȘȚ-ȕȈ-ǴȈȑȕȍ 58 ȹ 39, ȐȦȓȤ-șȍȕȚȧȉȘȤ

ǼǱǹǮǰǹǳǻǶǳ
Mizzi
6
ǷȘȍȑșȒțȘȈȕȚ
19
ǵȖȟȕȈȧ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȈ
31
ǫȖșȚȤ
35
Angelus Dei
39
ǹȐȕȈȋȖȋȈ ǰȏ ȗȘȈȎșȒȐȝ ȓȍȋȍȕȌ
52
ǴȖȓȐȚȊȈ ǹȍȓȐȔȈ
58
ǿȈȌȘȈ ǬȍȓȧȘȣ
62
ǷȐȘȈȚ ȇȕȐ
67
Ƕșȍȓ
75
ǷȘȍȌȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȤ șȖȉȈȟȍșȚȊȈ
81
ǷȖȌ ǴȓȍȟȕȣȔ ȗțȚȍȔ
90
ǯȊȍȘȐ Ȑ ȓȦȌȐ ǰȏ ȗȘȈȎșȒȖȋȖ ȈȓȤȉȖȔȈ
97
ǶȌțȊȈȕȟȐȒ
101
ǸțșșȒȐȍ ȉȍȎȍȕȞȣ
105
ǪȈȝȔȐșȚȘ ǿțȉ
116
ǷȍȘșȚȍȕȤ
128
ǿȍȚȣȘȍ ȊȈȘȐȈȞȐȐ
136
ǳȍȋȍȕȌȈ Ȗ ȗȖȞȍȓțȍ
141
ǷȧȚȤ ȋȘȈȊȦȘ
144
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȗȖȌȘțȋȈ ǰȏ ȗȘȈȎșȒȖȋȖ ȈȓȤȉȖȔȈ
149
ǩȍȓȈȧ ȉȈȠȕȧ
152

ǹǺǰǽǶǺǪǶǸǭǵǰȇ
Ǫ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȔ șȈȌț
203
Ǩȕȋȍȓ ȒȈȜȍ
206
ǪșȚȘȍȟȈ
207
ǷǸǰǳǶǮǭǵǰǭ
ǲȍȔ ȉȣȓȈ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ǾȊȍȚȈȍȊȈ"
208
ǶȉȈȊȚȖȘȍ
233
ǲȖȔȔȍȕȚȈȘȐȐ
234
ǵȈșȚȖȧȡȈȧ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȧ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌțȍȚ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȖ-ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȞȍȓȐ
Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȈ Ȍȓȧ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȓȐȉȖ ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȊȖșȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ
ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕȐȧ ȐȏȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȉȣȓȐ Ȑ Ț ȗ