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. JIeoHapo a BI1Hql1 H CCMOTpJI I-ILl pa3JIHt.JHJI B Bbl- BO;aX H oqeHKax, KaCaIOIIHX- CJI reH HaJI bHOCTH JIeoHap,a,o Aa BI1I-I11 (1452-1519), I-IHKTO He M())KeT IIOCTalH1Th IIO; COMIIeIIHe, "-1'1'0 IeJIbIO ero lKM3HM 6bIJIO n03HaHl1e. OH BeJI yeiMI-IeHHYIO JKM:Ulb, HO caMO ero IIPMCYTCTBHe no <t>JIOpCIIIMM M CBJI3H C ;BOpOM MelHt.JM /eJIaIOT BnOJIHe Be- pO.HTHOH rMIIOTe3Y, YTO JIeoHap,lJ,O 6bIJI 311aKOM C Y"-leI-lMeM H HCCJle/OBaHHJlMM repMeTMKOB M /a)Ke caM :aHHMaJICJI aJIXI1Ml1eM. 3'1'0, Ka3aJIOCb 6bl, npOTMBOpeYHT IIpHBbl"-lHOMY npe/CTaBJIeI-lHIO 0 JIeo- Hap/tO KaK 0 nepBOM yyeHOM COBpe- MeI-lI-lOrO THIIa, HeYTOMMMOM 3KcnepH- MeHTaTOpc, "-ICJIOBCKe, KOTOpblM C'raI3HT ncpel C060M Bonpocbl 0 npHpole H 0'1'- Be"-IaeT I-Ia HHX 6e:3 nOCpe,lJ,HMYeCTBa aB- TOpHTCTOB H TpalHqHH, 0cpHqHaJIbHot'1 HJIH ::>:30TepH"-lecKoH. B 6eCCBJI3HOCTH ero 3aMeTOK (OH HaMepeBaJICfI c03;aTb M HO;'KCCTBO TpaKTaToB, HO HC Hall HCaJI IIH O;Horo) TaK iKC, IGIK H B TeHlCI-llHH OCTaI3JIJITb CBOH KapTHHbl He3anep- IIleH HblM H, YJlaBJI H BaeTCJI C'rpCMJleH He allaTOM H pOBaTb ;ci1C'rBHTeJI bHOCTb, T. e. pa:JIO)KHTh ee Ha COCTaBJUIlOIIHe C l.eJIblO IIOHJITb yC'rpOHCTBO MaIIIHH, I1pHpO;HhIX 06bCKTOB H )KHBbIX cy- IICCTB. TaKOH «\1CTO/» ;eHCTIHITeJI hllO BeCbMa ;aJleK 0'1' npHHJlTOrO B cpele MarOB IVIH aJIXHMHKOB. KOTopble. ;'J,a)Ke CClIH B HX HCCJIC/OBaHHJIX IIPHCYTCTBY- eT CB.H:3b MeJK;y TeopHeH 11 3KCllepH- MCHTOM, XOTeJIH !t06MTbCJI «TpaHCMY- TaqH H» II PC)K;C Bccro Ha 6a3C HIeH, «"-1'1'0 ()CHOBbI MaTepHc1JlhHOrO MHpa - 16 r .c.... '{;)i5J.>'   >r.>""-"cr.>,,-')'\...  ..  .".,..,... .. -;:"...,# ....., ...""...."':).  6   I ' I !i) I - , j '. "" ,/ .\. \' '"  9\ '\ 'J' I , ,,\. ) t ! , \   2 J .....)  I . ,.. ,. , <) <) ,. )j. , <0 [/r!IO(ln( fllINI11lP(J jJaJ./lellllou, /{{/I{ JfIlO II pnkJ// (/ {I./I lUI O("h fI fllIr}illllJlX llper}{"ma- {1l1J//(/lhllllllhllll;Jlnl- 'lOcO . Jf /lOllllll /13, JUt XlUlhrJ(Jlflpdhl (/i01l !J'lJII1{'1I (1097-1179). l/rJp{'3 Ilnllhlp{J OJlO- /1l'l/lltJl JIrJolI{/pdo ("{J3r}fUI flltfUI01/l'IIIO{' lt300p{/)/(eHlte, rJo/{{/- .1{UI.1m/l,J!, 'Imo Oil II(J ompNa"J1 om lu)nl J//{IO/Oli ('OlI3U ..J101(r)y , JUt hpO h'(){>JW./JI II, JIll h"- pOKO{>WOAl, oOIl{ni (hll! XPIlO/lU(/IIf'h"IIX , WIIOJ/II h"Oflll (/i1l.,u)("O- (/iofl-lIeOIlJI fI mOJlltKOfl. TO)KleCTBeHHbl OCHonaM MHpa IYXOB- Horo» (rI. POCCH). OTKa: 0'1' MarHH H 6opb6a :3a 31-1a- Hl1e, loC'rYIlHoe H nOHJITHOe BceM, xapaKTepHble AJIJI HepBoH HOJIOBHHbl XVII B., JleI'JIH B OCHOBY C03laI-lHJI HaY"-ll-IhIX HI-ICTHTYTOB H aKaleMHH. 
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. )KOH H B raJIepee JII1YHOCTeH, IOCTOHHbIX YIIOMI1HaHI15I f1pl1 peKOHCTpYK- ql1l1 KYJlbTypHO-I1CTOpl1'-1eCKOH aTMOCcpepbI, B KOTOpOH B03HI1KJIO Te- 4eHI1e p03eHKpeHepOB, )KOH " (1527-1608) aIlI1MaeT Bbl/aI0CCC5I MeCTO. OH pOI1JIC5I B JIoHoHe 11 TaM )l(e 06Y'-IaJIc5I f1paBOBeeHI1IO. B 1550 r., BepHYBlIIl1Cb Ha PO/I1HY nOCJIe nyrelue- CTBI15I B napl1)1(, OH OKa3aJIC5I B TlOpb- Me 110 06BI1HeHI1IO B 3aH5ITI15IX Marl1eH. n03/Hee OH CTaJI IIpl1/BOPHbIM MarOM EJII13aBeTbI I. 3'1'0 He nOMeUlaJIO eMY nOCJle BbIxoa 113 TlOpbMbI CTaTb npl1- BOpHbIM ac-rpOJIOrOM (COCTaBI1TeJIeM nporH030B no :Be3/J.aM). 3aTeM OH )l(I1JI B AHTBepneHe, re 3aBepllll1JI TpaKTaT HfpoVlu(fulfe("J{aJlMOllada; Ha TI1TYJlbHOM JI I1CTe C 11306pa)l(eH l1eM 60JI blllOH /J.Be- pl1 6bIJI0 HaIlI1CaHO nO-JIaTbIHI1: «KTO IIC 1101111 MaeT, IIYCTb I1JII1 MOJP-II1T, I1JII1 YYI1TC5I». KOHeq )l(113HI1 ,lI,11 npOBeJl B JIoHoHe no I10KpOBI1TeJI bCTBOM BeJl11 KOH KOpOJleBbl (OHa /a)Ke HaHO- CI1JIa eMY BI13I1Tbl), C npI1XO/OM K BJIa- CTI1 RKoBa I OH YlaJII1JIC5I 0'1' 06ecTBa. I1HTepecbl ,lI,11 6bIJII1 MHororpaHHbl - 0'1' MeXaHI1KI1 (OH CKOHCTpYl1pOBaJI JleTaIO- ero )l(YKa JI5I TeaTpaJIbHbIX npe/J.CTas- JleHI1H) o MI1CTI1KI1 Yl1ceJl, 0'1' aJIXI1Ml111 o aCTpOJIOI'I1I1. B 1583 r. ,lI,11 OTnpaBI1JIC5I B bore- MI1IO BMeCTe C aJIXI1MI1KOM 3BapoM KeJlJlH, TeM caMbIM, KOTOpbIH, 110 CJlY- xaM, /J.Ba rO,La cnYCT5I ocyeCTBI1JI IIY- 6JII1YHOe npeBpaeHl1e CBI1Ha B 30JIO- TO, 3a YTO 6bIJI nO)l(aJIOBaH pbIapCKI1M HOOMempUJl CHMoHa CTYAHoHa ,LIp CIIX 1I0p IICI1:J,'allmUI (PYKOIlI1Cb Xpalll1TCH B IIrryrrapTcKoH 3eMeJlbHOH 6116JI110TeKe), HOo.Jlnllp/lJ/ 6bllia 1I0CIH"ICHa <1>pl1pl1xy I, 6blBllieMY 13 TO BpCMH IIpaBl1'reJleM BlopTeM- 6epra, HeMelKoro J1IOTepaHCKoro KWDKeC'l'I3a, rpaHHlJHBIIICI'O C IlcpaJlblcM. 0 <1>pl1;pl1xe I I1:JBecTllo, liTO OH YBJleKaJICH aJIXI1Ml1eHI1 6bIJI 60JlbWI1M 1I0411TaTCJICM AHI'JII1I1 - p,o TaKoi CTCIICHH, lJTO CTpaCTIIO )KeJlaJI 1I0JIYlJHTb Op- ,'l,eH 110,'BH3KI1 (Ka!WBOH 6bIJI 1I0)l(aJIOBaH CMY EJII1:aI3CTOH I 13 1597 1'., HO TOJlbKO 13 1603 r. 011 6bIJI TOp)KeCTBellllo BPYlJCII <1>pI1,'PHXY B WTy-rrapTe, Kya HOBblH KOpOJIb RKOB I lIallpaBI1JI op;ell co cllcqHaJlbllblM 1I0COJlb- CTBOM), HYMepo.ll0rl1H, I1Cllo.llb3yeMa5I B KHI1- re HCKJIIOlll1TCJlbHO CJIO)l(Ha' OHa OCHOl3aHa , , I lfa I1:JMCpCIIIHIX XpaMa COJIOMOlla 11:J 11'/16;/1/11 H CO;CP)KI1T MlIoro IIpOpOlJCCTI3 0 ;m'ax 11 CO- 6blTI15IX 6Y;WIIeI'0. B lJaCTHOCTI1, Bbl,leJleH 1620 rop" KOI;J.a, C OKOlJllaHl1eM lapC'l'I3a aHTI1- XpI1CTa, lIa/ClIl1eM I "111 bl H Maro\-leTa, 6Y/WT C03/aHbl npe,'[JoCbIJIKI1 ,'J15I Ha4aJla «MI1.11Jle- III1YMa» (TblcH l leJICTI1H). MOl'alHI HaJICIITH II AII;pe), ynOMI1HalOIIHH HO(HlnnpWo B 0WIOM 113 CBOI1X IIp0I13Be;eHHrl 1619 r. (B lIepeBOe C JlaTI1HCKOI'O cro IIa:malIl1e :mYlJl1'r KaK «Ba- BI1J10HCKaH 6a1llH5I, IIJlI1 0 xaoce cY)I(;eHHH bpaTcTBa p03ell KpeHepOI3» ), 1I0;lICpKl1l3a- CT CB.HJb \1e)K,'Y IIpOpOlJeCTBaMH CTY,'Holla 11 /Pyrl1x npO('8fll/fHHhlX IIpOIIIJIOI'O, Hanpl1- MCp KaJw6pl1HCKOl'0 MOHaxa )KOaKKHlIo ,'a <1>bope (OK. 1130-1202) H CB. EpHrl1TTbl (ocHOl3aJla 13 1300 r. )KeHCKH H MOHallleCKH H 0PlCII CllaCI1TCJHI). - 24 
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. Po6epT <DJIa 11 MI1Xa3JIh Ma:i1:ep B rO/bI, Korla <l>pM/PMX V M EJIM:1a- Bera no BOCTOp)KeHHOe OI\o6pe- HMC IIO/IaHHbIX npaBHJIM fI<paJIb- qeM M reHleJIb6eprCKMM IBOpOM, }l{aH Teo,n;op ,n;e EpM ony6JIHKOBaJI B On- neHreHMe l1l"mOpU10 .MaKpOKOl".MU U .MUK- p01CO(.Ma Po6epTa <I>JIaMa M Y6fZ{1l0lllY10 AmaJlallmJ' MMXa3JI.fI MaMepa. M <DJIalV, H MaHep oTpMqaJIH CBOIO npHHalJIe)KHOcTb K EpaTCTBY, O,lJ,HaKO C O06peHl1eM OT3bIBaJIHCb o CJlant H flpU311UlIUU, a HX co6CTBeH- HbIe <pI1JIOco<pCKHe B3rJI5I}J;hI BnOJIHe COOTBeTCTBOBaJIH H,lJ,e.HM, BbIpa)KeHHbIM B MaHM<pcerax. 6JIarOI..\ap.H MX TBop4eCT- BY, HleH p03eHKpeHqepoB 06peTalOT t   -.f.' ,.. «JlfrmHUl/U» 110100f- 'Iel'/{UX olOt"o61tol"meit U.1 I1C'ropl1l1 MaKpo- KOCMa 11 MI1KpOKOC- Ma (/)Jtar}r}a.  , ti  "':.ii  ,'"  .  )" ,,' ,  . , ,,,,'" ,{ p' .,,. -     \ Y" \\  :'i  "::}:.%::r.i>' , " .......... \' 'I I ., ' t l \ \ ,\\:":i/ , ' '.. ..If. , % I III ,'\ J .;' , " ,.!, i!"..'\.I! .1 II iJ.III}. '.;;, . 1,': ,41" ":1'" ;p: '...j. III!.: ' 1/ ;/)/ / I . , .\:,,  .., ". " ,,/, I . III' 1\\'" \f"' '.... !t...,,'_.:, . It:. , \, I. '-.< '< .' ;!f:' Jill \  \\r' ;?:- __ , ' . \)\l\ I (j ! ...a  ----- ;;;.. -  ,..;.. - --- -> [ , '. .' \ LL :: - -:- \ .. . '\::,;;;ik,;;;;t<!i':;" ,;;". .$c I).,.... .....t - ..-!: r, 62 
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'.; .\ . . .::: . ;&:  s.: I -jJ-,," -: .: . y,,:r; '-: :-a:" .. jt !( -sr . ::{ . ;.::-:t.'" .".... -- -- -- '-.-*= , . "!}-;: .- d -=- .. ,:- _ :. -;  : _ ; _..' --------=-..=--- _.. .....- - ... POI)EPT <DJlA,lJJ) 111 MII1XA3Jlb MAII1EP --":''':...:::' ..........:::'.- - Tpa810pa U.1 Y6era- lOeH ATaJIaHTbl jt1aii(pa: {UIXU.MUK, OlfrJYJl no mfttfHU10 lfpMemU1fel"KOU p(KU K U("mOKa,M, npuxorJum K opomaM CarJa p03 [/jUJIO{'O[/jtl, 110 omKpumb UX 011 CMOJlCem, mOJlbKO do- {"mUlIlYO {'oomo(m{'- m8YlOU{UX .111t1I1UU. .... p" 1- tf'. J. '" .," I('  ' . - -, - . 'r !'I { 1 \. , , -;;.r: - R, ,. If_.. . ':r -, ", . f \t . i., . .. ': -":0>#;, < !' " f .  11 ..' '!: .....::t.. -......a  .- :-",""'0- ""  1 1 ;." 4HCJIe H )},)I(' faHA)KH (330mepU1JeCKUe maiiHbt): «HaH60JIbWee pacnpocTpaHe- HHe OpAeH nOJIY411JI B AHrJIHH, npe)K,[.\e Bcero 6JIaro,[.\apJI YCI1JIH.HM MelI1Ka Po- 6epTa <DJIalAa. OpOMA.H nOCB.HlqeHHe B fepMaHHH, OH OCHOBaJI B JIoHtJ,OHe rpynnbI, KO'I'opbIe 6bICTpO pa3pOCJII1Cb; no BceH nepOJITHOCTI1, OH 6bIJI nepBbIM BeJIHKI1M MaCTepOM 6pl1TaHcKoi1 BeTBI1 EpaTC'I'Ba P03bI H KpeCTa». MHXa3JIh Mai1ep (1566-1622), JIIO- TepaHHH no BepOHcnOBeAaHHIO, TO)Ke pa3tJ,eJI.HJI B3IJI.H,[.\bI Ilapal\eJIbca Ha Me- IHIHHY. Ero BJIH.HTeJlbHOC I10JIO)KeHHC npl1 npa)KCKOM Bope PYAOJIbcpa II «(M. c. 53), 4bHM JIH4HbIM Bpa40M OH 6bIJI, a TalOKe ;U,OKYMeI-rraJIbIlO 1I0/_rrBep)K/\eH- H bIe CBJI3H MaMepa C XpMCTMaHoM <pOH AHXaJIbTOM «(M. c. 55) HaB01JIT Ha MbICJIb, 41'0 11 OH, B CBOIO 04epe/b, I1MeJI OTHOllIeHHe K peJlHrHO:UI0-1I0JIHTH4ec- KOMY nJIaHY p03eHKpei1qepoB - Bepo- - 64 ,,--:;.:_ ",,_.. "ic-.:..:. :<: --= -,. ... =-y,J tyl'" 1 !;"  ( .,,: "'t. "", ,!'t. ·  ...J:; _' . ,: . 'l \ . -..... · \ ? ' ....a, 5"\ \' ,; ".   ") ., -= - --  - .  . -,-...--:=;,.. / . ':' ."." .)- ..... - .. '.. II _"I  '11 'll. cSo . M  : _ j ,I tjt - .} ':.  i'." ,,1 :..:.' 't' ._ ".,  l' .,.;; .  . '. -:.. .. ' \  .}--Y.l "- - F "'>- . \ 't  '. .- :  .l- g, . ,..., .. (1 -/ :1fi', '_>{ II .  _ _  : T; '" t. .i .Q' , .... "," L t 1  1'" - I:, .. -- ( - .:; -..- ij;c. .  ,. ': j ! it '. ....-or: 1  .... , ,z z, " " .HTHee Bcero, TOM ero '-IaCTH, KOTOpaJl KaCaJIaCb boreMHH. 113BecTHO, 4'1'0 B 1612 r. OH IIoce- 'I'I1JI AHl'JIHIO H BCTpe4aJICJI C aHf'JIHi1c- KHMH KOJIJIeraMI1. OocJIe CMepTH Py- ;U,OJIbcpa II Mai1ep CTaJI JIei16-MetJ,HKoM Mopl1l\a, JIaH,[.\I'paa rpacpcTBa IecceH, Ine H 6bIJIH ony6JIHKOBaHhi MaHHcpecTbl p03eHKp eM l\epoB. Mai1ep 6bIJI y6e)KtJ,eHHbIM IIpl1Bep- )KeHqeM IYXOBHoi1 aJIXHMHH. OH C4HTaJI) 41'0 06peTeHI1e 3HaHI1.H 4epe3 eAI1HeHHe C rlpHpo;U,oi1 1103BOJIHT H36e)KaTb pa3HO- I:JIaCI1i1 Me)l{/\Y pCJIHI'I103HbIMI1 HanpaB- JIeHI1.HMH. CBOH B3I:JI.HIbl OH BbIpa3HJI BO MHOrl1X npOH3Be,[.\eHH.HX; B HeKOTO- pbIX 113 HI1X aJIJIerOpl14eCKHe 06pa3bI (B Y6pc{l1oUjeii Am{/JI{/lIm( eC'I'h /a)Ke HOThI) I1rpalOT rJIaBHYIO pOJIb. ApHOJlblJ. nHIlIeT (HrmOpUJI p03eJlKpeUlfepoe): «[Mai1ep] Be/\eT npOHCXO)K/\eIlHC H: apMl111 aJI- XHMHKOB-repMeTHKOB (OH ny6JIHKyeT 
. , . :. '\ ... .. .. .' . .1", . . . .  \ ,,;i, B 1614 r. TpaKTaT A rrana arranissinla ('ltllillaJII1JaUllblx), B KOTOpOM, eCTCCT- BeHHO, a6colIioTHO IH1l.lero He co0611a- eT 0 pO:3eHKpeHqepax) 11 npl1HI1MaeT Yl.laCTI1C B ;e6aTax TOJIbKO 1I0CJIC 1615 r. Nlallcpa, B KOTOpOH r MaHep 1 rOBOpl1T o BpaTcTBe, HaBOlI1T Ha MblClIb, CKO- pcc, 0 «BOJlbHOM erpeJIKe», 0'1' XOpOlllO 111 IcpOpM I1pOBaH I I bIX JI lo;ci1 Y:31IaBIllcM MaJI0l13BeCTHbie ;eTaJII1. ()H I1cnolIb3yeT /I1CIlYT J{aK II pC;J,Jlor 113JIO)KI1Tb ;OKrpl1- IIY, II pOll I1'rall IIYIO BhlCOKOM aJIXI1M I1CM 11 Ml1q)OJIOI'l1eH I10CIHIIIelll1f1». HCCMOT- PEAKLlV1 . .. . C \. '-, -  \ \ ... \, flr,Ju' If 1I'IIIi {If){I'1 1\1111- xa:JIh Nlai1cp, 3(/- "111 IJI lillI, 1111 IJIO/.!/('II'- IJIJ'{UI hllOIl 'If'OJ/1I00J/1I p()3rJlKpni1V PO{f. ffojJlJlf)('1JI /6/7 I. P,H Ha pa:uIoo6pa:3I1c CI'O npol1:3BeJlc- HI1H, Bp.H/ JII1 MO)KHO CyeCTb npocTbIM COBllalJ,CI-II1CM TO 06CTOJITeJlbCTllO, l.ITO BCC 01-111 6hlJII1 ony6JII1 KOBall hI MC)K;Y 1614 11 1620 IT., T. e. B l'OIbI npaBlIC- 1-1I1JI <Dpl1;pl1xa 11 EJI113allCTbI - Cllal.IaJIa B rCI;CJIh6cpI'C, a 3aTCM B rlpaI'C ({:M. c. 52-53). 65 
.. rnABA fepMaHI1JI If <DpaHQIfJl: 3cpcpeKT «MaHIfcpeCTOB» P 06epT <l)JIa,o;,o; H M HXa3JIb MaHep (CM. c. 62-65) 6bIJIH He e,o;HHC- TBeHHblMH Y4CHbIMH, KOTOphIC, He3aBHCHMO 01' Toro, .HBJIJIJIHCh JIH OHH TaHHblMI1 4JIeHaMI1 EpaTCTBa I1JII1 Her, BblCKa3aJIH 0 HeM CBoe MHeHI1C nOCJIe BblXOAa B CBeT CJlO{lbI Epomon- 00 (Fomo liroternitotis) 11 npU31101lUf bpoml"moo (G'onfessio Froternitotis) «(:M. c. 42-47). B fepMaHHH, nOKa 6JIHCTaJIa «3Be3- ,o;a» <Dpl1,o;pI1X3 v: OTHOIlIeHl1e K po- 3cHKpeHL\epaM 6bIJIO B qeJIOM BeCbM3 nOJIO)KHTeJIbHbIM. B 31'01' OTHOCHTeJIbHO KOpOTKI1H npOMe)KYTOK BpeMeHI1 Bbl- IlIJIO HeMaJIO KHI1I', IIPI1YCM B HCKOTO- pblX JIBHO npOCM3TpHB3eTCJI TCH/eHIHJI BKJII0411Tb I1JIOCO111O p03eHKpeHIe- pOB B HpaBCTBeHHO-Ha311,o;aTCJIbHYIO TpaHqHIO BCTxoro 3aBCTa. TaKOB, K npl1MCpy, n(20(" Hf6e("lIou ttJepbl, UJlU KpomKof ooer)ellue 0 ..MJ'dPocmh dpeoJlux, 1I03htfIOOlll.1"O('.R pOJln (2Ul11nJI1/a..MU U nfpal.MlI ..MfI2UfU, 0 rfu'/fl(. rnpfl8{rJJlU80 1103001111.1'10 nOllcorftueu dormOn01fmfJlJlbl.M lpam("moo.M I03b1 II Kpn.ma (1618). AB- TOp, HCKHH CTeJlJlaTYC, COrJlaIIlaCTCJI C TeM, YTO H3Y4eHHe IlpHpo/bl I1MeeT «TeOJIOrl1yeCKOC» 3HaYeHl1e, .HBJBHICb B HpaBCTBeIIHOM IIJlaHe BblCOKOH Op- MOH ..MWlof"fpduJI (pie/as) (106pole'reJIbI0, 6JlarOMap.H KOTOpOH MbI IIO/YI1H}(eMC.H BblCIIICH CIIpaBC1VIHBOCTH H B03/aCM bOI'Y /OJDKHOC 110\.1 HTaH HC). B /pyroM I1HTepeCHOM TeKCTe nOl HaBaHl1eM 66 P030 0 l(Ofm.1' (1617 11 1618), npl1nl1- CbIBaeMOM <l>JIOpeHTMHYcy l1.e Ba- JIeHTMa, HaIIpOTI1B, IIO/4epKI1BaeTC5I aKJII04eHHbIH B GAooe 11 npU31101lUU npH3bIB HCnpaBI1Tb He,o;OCTaTKH HaYKI1 B 06JIaCTI1 apXI1TCK'rypbI, MeXaHI1KI1, aJII'e6pbI, MY3bIKH, reOMCTpI1H, HaBI1- raIJ;l1l1, 11306pa311TeJIbHbIX I1CKYCCTB 11 BCTaTb Ha IIYTb nporpecca. npOHTH 110 IIYTH, HaMe4eHHbIM Eo- rOM B BeJlUKOU KJlU2f npupodu, 03HayaeT OCTI1Yb MYPOCTI1 MaMa. AprYMeHTbI npoTHBHHKOB Ep3TcTBa B fepMaHl111 MO)KHO CBeCTI1 B OCHOB- HOM K HeCKOJIbKI1M KJIeBeTHl1yeCKI1M 06BHHCHI1.HM: 3aroBop, HanpaBJleHHbIH Ha no/pbIB CYIleC'rBYIoeI'O nOp5I/--\Ka; 3aH.HTI1.H Marl1eH; ABycMbICJIeHHa.H pe- JIl1rl103Ha.H n0311IJ;11.H (Koe-KTo ,o;a)Ke BhlCKa3blBaJI 1I0103peHHC, 41'0 3a 3THM CTO.HT HC3YI1Tbl, r.M. c. 112). B 1623 r. BO <l)paHHH, eCJIH BepHTb TOMY, \.1'1'0 coo6aeT I a6pMeJIb HOl1.e B O/HOH H pa60T 1'01"0 )Ke ro/a (/lpo- ("{IfllJeJlUf 00 C/JPOIll(UU 110 npoodf urmopuu Iponlhe(j 1o3b1 U Kpel"mo), B flapl1)Ke 1I0JI BI1JI HCh JI I1CTOBKH, n PC/YIIpC}K/a- IOlIl1e 0 TOM. YTO B ropol CTeKaIOTC.H MHOI'0411CJIeHHble YJIeHbl EpaTcTBa. 110 MHCHHIO Ho/c, 3'1'0 6bIJIa 06bI4HaJI npOBOKaUI1JI C IeJIhIO 1I0CeJITh CTpax cpeMH rOpO)KaH. B aHOIIHMHO 0Ily6JIHKOBaI-UIOH KHH- I'C G'nlpfllll1lh/( rJ02080pbl ..M(JI(()..1' /(hJlflOJ/O.M U npednOJl020f..MbI..MU Hf3plLMbI..MU, KaK .HBC- 
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bH6JIHOrpacpHJI Ambesi A.C. L'enigma dei Rosa-Croce, Edizioni Mediterranee, Roma, 1990 Anderson W. Dante il Creatore, Londra, 1980 Andreae J. V. Le nozze chimiche di Christian Rosenkreutz, SE, 1997 Arnold P. Storia dei Rosa-Croce, Bompiani, Milano, 1991 Bacone F. Nuova Atlantide, Mondadori, Milano, 1996 Baillet A. Vita di monsieur Descartes, 1691 Ceserani R., De F edericis L. II materiale e I'immaginario, Loescher, Torino, 1980 Dee J. La monade geroglifica, Arktos, 1981 Le F orestier R. La Massoneria templare e occultista, vol. II, Atanor Gangi G. I misteri esoterici, Edizioni Mediterranee, Roma, 1978 Guenon R. Considerazioni sulla via iniziatica, Fratelli Bocca, Milano, 1949 Maier M. Atalanta fugiens, Edizioni Mediterranee, Roma, 1984 Moramarco M. Nuova Enciclopedia ma.uonica, Batogi Editrice Italiana, 1999 126 Papus Trattato metodico di scienza occulta, Parigi, 1891 Partner P. I templari, Einaudi, Torino, 1997 Picknett L., Prince C. La rivelazione dei Templari. I custodi regreti della vera identita di Cristo, Sperling & Kupfer, Milano, 1998 Pico della Mirandola G. De homini dignitate. Discorso sulla dignita dell'uomo, Mondadori, Milano, 1995 Puech H.C. Sulle tracce della gnosi, Adelphi, Milano, 2000 Ramsay J. Alchimia, T ecniche N uove, Milano, 1999 Sedir P. Storia e Dottrina dei Rosa-Croce, Fratelli Bocca, Milano, 1949 T ommaso d' Aquino L 'alchimia ovvero Trattato della pietra jilosofale, T ascabili Economici Newton, Roma, 1996 Yates F.A. L 'illuminismo dei Rosa-Croce, Einaudi, Torino, 1976 Zolla E. Archetipi, Marsilio, Venezia, 1994 
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