ȅȓȐ
ǴǨǫǨǸǨǴ
ǩdzǻǮǬǨȆȁǰǭ
ǬǻȀǰ
DzȐȚȈȑșȒȐȍ șȒȈȏȒȐ
Salamandra P.V.V.

ǴȈȋȈȘȈȔ ȅ ǭ
ǩȓțȎȌȈȦȡȐȍ ȌțȠȐ DzȐȚȈȑșȒȐȍ șȒȈȏȒȐ ǷȖȌȋ ȚȍȒșȚȈ Ǵ
ǼȖȔȍȕȒȖ — ǩ Ȕ: Salamandra P.V.V., 2018. — 77 c. — (Po-
laris ǷțȚȍȠȍcȚȊȐȧ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȈ Ǫȣȗ ǹǹLV).
Ǫ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȐ ȊȖșȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȈ ȒȕȐȋȈ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ șȒȈȏȖȒ Ȑ ȓȍȋȍȕȌ
șȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȈȧ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȌȍȕȕȈȧ ȅ ǭ ǴȈȋȈȘȈȔȖȔ — ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȍȔ ȎțȘ-
ȕȈȓȐșȚȖȔ șȖșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȍȔ ȘȧȌȈ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȝ DzȐȚȈȦ ȈȓȤȔȈȕȈȝȖȊ
ȊȣȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȝ Ȋ ©ȘțșșȒȖȔ ȀȈȕȝȈȍª Ǫ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ Ȓ ȒȕȐȋȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȍȌȍȕȣ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȖȗȖȓȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ șȒȈȏȖȒ Ȑȏ ȈȓȤ-
ȔȈȕȈȝȈ ȅ ǴȈȋȈȘȈȔȈ ©ǬȈȓȤȕȐȑ ǪȖșȚȖȒª 

© Author, estate, 2018
© Salamandra P.V.V., ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȍ, 2018

ǩdzǻǮǬǨȆȁǰǭ
ǬǻȀǰ

7
ǸǮǺdzǻǻǮȍ ȅdzǾdzǽǮȃǮ
Ǫ DzȐȈȕ-șȦ ȎȐȓȖ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȖ ǽȖȈ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȊȠȍȍșȧ țȊȈ-
ȎȍȕȐȍȔ Ȋșȍȝ șȖșȍȌȍȑ Ȋ ȖȒȘțȎȕȖșȚȐ ǰȝ ȌȖȔ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȕȍȌȈ-
ȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ȝȘȈȔȈ DzȖȕȜțȞȐȧ ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȝȘȈȔȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȒȈȕȈȓ ȉȣȓ
ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȑ ȔȖșȚ ȋȌȍ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ǹȚȈȘ-
ȠȐȑ șȣȕ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȈ ǽȖȈ, șȚțȌȍȕȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ ȒțȘșȖȊ ȝȖȌȐȓ
ȚțȌȈ ȗȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈȔ — ȗȖȌȣȠȈȚȤ ȊȖȏȌțȝȖȔ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȘȖ-
ȝȖȎȐȝ ǶȚȚțȌȈ Ȗȕ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȘȈȒȚȐȘ ȒȕȐȎȕȐȒȖȊ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȐ Ȗȕ ȏȈȔȍ-
ȚȐȓ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȗȈȗȍȘȚȐ ȝȘȈȔȈ ț ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȐȏȉțȠȒȐ ȔȖȓȖȌțȦ ȌȍȊț-
ȠȒț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȓȈșȤ ȍȔț Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȑ
Ȑ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ ț ȕȍȍ Ȗȋȕȧ ǶȕȈ șȖ șȔȍȝȖȔ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȈ ȍȔț ȖȋȖȕȤ
Ƕȕ ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓșȧ ȥȚȐȔ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ș ȕȍȑ ȉȍșȍȌț ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ
ȖȕȈ țșȗȍȓȈ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȤ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȗȕ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȚțȌȈ ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ șȚȖȧ-
ȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ
— ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȊȈș ț șȍȉȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ȕȖ ȧ
ȗȘȐȌț Ȓ ȊȈȔ ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȍșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȎȌȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ț
ȊȖȘȖȚ
ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ, ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȑ, ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȑ
șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȏȍȕȍ
— ȇ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȗȍȘȍȕȖȠț ȎȈȘț Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔț
ȝȖȟț ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȖȟȍȑ ȖȌȐȕ Ȋ ȕȍȏȈȕȧȚȖȑ ȒȈȔȖȘȒȍ
ț ȊȖȘȖȚ
ǭȋȖ ȎȍȕȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȓȈșȤ ǪȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ ȌȍȊțȠ-
ȒȈ ǹȚțȌȍȕȚ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȍȍ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȒȈȔȖȘȒț ǶȕȈ șȚȈȓȈ ȗȘȐȝȖ-
ȌȐȚȤ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ
ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, șȚțȌȍȕȚ șȚȈȓ ȟȈȝȕțȚȤ ș ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȌȕȍȔ ǭȋȖ ȘȖ-
ȌȐȚȍȓȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȕȍȋȖ ǩȖȓȍȕ ȓȐ Ȗȕ" ǿȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ
Ȗȕ ȖȌȐȕ ȕȖȟȤȦ Ȋ ȒȈȔȖȘȒȍ" ǶȕȐ șȚȈȓȐ ȗȖȌșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ
Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ țȉȍȌȐȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ
ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ ǵȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȊȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ǶȕȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȘȈșșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȚȤ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ȐȔ ȊșȦ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ ǸȖȌȐȚȍȓȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȖȗȘȖșȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȈ-
ȗȍȘȚȐ ȝȘȈȔȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȖșȚȧȝ ȕȖ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȕȈȑȚȐ șȓȍȌ

ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ǹȚțȌȍȕȚ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȍȍ ȐȏȉțȠȒț
ǵȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȑ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȖȓȌțȕȤȧ
ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ Ȓ
șȚțȌȍȕȚț ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȍ ȗȖșȔȍȓ ȍȍ ȖȚȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȚȤ ȖȚ
șȍȉȧ ǭȋȖ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȐ ȉțȌțȟȐ Ȋ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȐ ȗȖȒțȗȈȓȐ ț ȉȖȕȏ Ȑ ț
ȚȈȖ-ȟȍȑ* șȈȔȣȍ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȍ ȟȈȘȣ Ȑ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȣ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȋ-
ȓȖ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȚȍȞ ȘȈșȚȖȓȖȒ ȒȐȕȖȊȈȘȤ ȌȈȓ ȗțȌȘț șȣȕț Ȑ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ ȍȔț
— ǿȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȕȈȌȖ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȒȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȚȈȒȈȧ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ țșȕȍȚ ȖȚȔȍȚȤ ȍȍ ȥȚȖȑ ȗțȌȘȖȑ
ǹȣȕ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȓșȧ ȖȚȞȈ Ȑ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȊȣșȣȗȈȓ ȧȘȒȖ-ȒȘȈș-
ȕțȦ ȗțȌȘț Ȋ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȒȖȓȌțȕȤȐ ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȖȚȍȞ ȔȈȚȤ Ȑ
ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȐ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ȕȈ ȗȈȗȍȘȚȐ Ȑ Ȋ
ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȖșȚȧȝ ǵȈȗȘȈșȕȣȑ ȚȘțȌ ǶȕȐ țȎȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȘȈȏȖȟȈȘȖ-
ȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȖȐșȒȈȝ ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧ ȔȐȔȖ șȖșȍȌȕȍȋȖ
ȌȊȖȘȈ țșȓȣȝȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȔȈȚȤ ȉȘȈȕȐȚ șȊȖȍ ȌȐȚȧ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈ-
ȔȐ
— ǵȍȋȖȌȕȣȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȠȒȈ ȇ ȕȈȌȍȓȈ ȕȈ Țȍȉȧ ȟȐșȚȖ ȊȣȔȣ-
Țȣȍ ȠȚȈȕȣ Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȕȐ ȐșȗȈȟȒȈȕȣ ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȒȘȈșȒȖȑ
ǶȚȍȞ ǽȖȈ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȕȈșȚȈȊȐȓ țȝȖ Ƕȕ ȗȖșȚțȟȈȓ Ȋ ȊȖ-
ȘȖȚȈ Ȑ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ ȘȈșșȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ ȀȚȈȕȣ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȐșȗȈȟȒȈȕȣ ȒȐȕȖȊȈȘȤȦ
— ȇ ȍȏȌȐȓ ȊȍȘȝȖȔ ȕȈ Ƞȍȍ ȟȍȘȍȗȈȝȐ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȑ
ȕȈ ȗȈȗȍȘȚȐ ȝȘȈȔȈ— ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ
ǷȖȠȓȐ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ǫȖȓȖȊȈ ȟȍȘȍȗȈȝȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈȔȈȏȈȕȈ ȒȐȕȖ-
ȊȈȘȤȦ Ǵȥȑ** ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈȑȌȍȕȈ ǶȚȍȞ ǽȖȈ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ
ȖȉȖ ȊșȍȔ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒț ȒȕȐȎȕȐȒȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȘȈȏ-
ȉȐȚȤ ȟȍȘȍȗȈȝț Ȋ ȒțșȒȐ ǷȘȐ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ țȌȈȘȍ ȔȖȓȖȚȈ ȗȖ ȌȍȊțȠ-
Ȓȍ ȚȍȒȓȈ ȒȘȖȊȤ ǮȐȊȖȚ ȟȍȘȍȗȈȝȐ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕ ȧȑȞȈȔȐ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐ Ȋ ȖȏȍȘȖ ǺȈȑ-ȝț
ǹ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȖȟȕȣȍ ȊȐȏȐȚȣ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ
* Ɍɚɣɨ-ɱɟɣ — ɤɭɞɟɫɧɢɤ Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɩɪɢɦ ɩɟɪɟɜ.).
** Ɇɷɣ — ɨɛɨɪɨɬɟɧɶ.

9
ǹȌǯǼǰȊ ǵǮ DZǾǼǯǼǺ
Ǫ ǿȍ-ȒȐȈȕ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȒȚȖ ǰțȥȕ-ȒȖȈȕȓȍȕ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȉȍȌȕȧȒ ȟȚȖ
Ȋ șȖȘȖȒ ȓȍȚ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȍȡȍ ȊȏȧȚȤ șȍȉȍ Ȏȍȕț ǭȋȖ șȖșȍȌ ȐȔȍȓ
ȌȖȟȤ ǰțȥȕ ȊȓȦȉȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȍ ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȗȓȈȚȐȓȈ ȍȔț ȊȏȈȐȔȕȖ-
șȚȤȦ ǰțȥȕ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ǶȚȍȞ ȍȍ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț ǶȚ ȋȖ-
Șȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ țȔȍȘȓȈ
Ǫ ȥȚț ȕȖȟȤ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖ șȊȍȚȐȓ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȔȍșȧȞ ǵȍ șȔȍȧ Ȋȣ-
șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȐȒȖȔț șȊȖȍ ȋȖȘȍ ǰțȏȕ ȗȐȓ ȊȐȕȖȔ ȏȈȋȓțȠȈȧ ȉȖȓȤ
Ȋ ȌțȠȍ ǵȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȍ țȓȖȟȒȐ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȊȏȢȍ-
ȘȖȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȚȈȡȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȦ ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ șȊȧȏȈȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȖȑ ǬȖȋȈȌȣȊȈȧșȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȍȓȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȍȓȤ ȈȌȈ ȗȖș-
ȓȈȕȕȣȑ ȏȈ ȌțȠȖȦ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ǰțȥȕ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȍȔț
— ǪȣȗȍȑȚȍ șȚȈȒȈȕȟȐȒ ȗȖ ȗțȚȐ
ǺȍȓȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȍȓȤ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȍȔț ȏȕȈȒ șȖȋȓȈșȐȧ ǰțȥȕ ȕȈȓȐȓ ȗȖȓ-
ȕȣȑ șȚȈȒȈȕ ȊȐȕȈ ǺȍȓȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȍȓȤ ȕȍ ȗȐȓ
— ǸȈȏȊȍ ȊȐȕȖ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȍ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǰțȥȕ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȍș ȍȔț
șȚȈȒȈȕ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȋȖ ȊȐȕȈ.
ǺȍȓȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȍȓȤ ȕȍ ȗȐȓ ȊȐȕȖ Ȉ ȕȦȝȈȓ ȍȋȖ ș țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ.
ǭȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ ȒȘȈșȕȍȍ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȕȍȑ ǷȖȌ ȒȖȕȍȞ Ȗȕ
țȗȈȓ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȤȧȕȣȑ ǰțȥȕ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȈ ȅȚȖ
ȉȣȓȈ ȌțȠȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ Ƕȕ ȕȈșȗȍȝ șțȕțȓ ȚȍȓȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȍȓȧ Ȋ ȒțȊ-
ȠȐȕ Ȑ ȏȈȒțȗȖȘȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȗȐșȈȊ ȊȖșȍȔȤ ȌȐȈȋȘȈȔȔ * ȕȈ ȒȘȣȠ-
Ȓȍ ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȗȕ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȓ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ȖȚ ȊȍȘȍȊȖȒ ȊȊȍȓ ȍȍ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȑ
șȖȟȍȚȈȓșȧ ș ȕȍȦ ǶȕȈ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȈȧ ȌȕȍȔ ȊȐ-
ȌȐȔȈȧ ȕȖȟȤȦ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȖȕȈ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ǰțȏȕț
— ȇ ȝȖȟț ȌȖșȚȈȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋȣ
ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚȍ ȗȘȐȓȐȟȕțȦ șțȔȔț Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖșȓțȎȐȚ ȕȈȔ
Ȍȓȧ țșȚȘȖȑșȚȊȈ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȖȟȈȋȈ Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȌȖȓȎ-
ȕȈ țȔȍȘȍȚȤ ȒȘȈșȐȊȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȇ ȊȖȑȌț Ȋ ȍȍ ȚȘțȗ
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ǰțȥȕ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȔȐ-
ȔȖ ȚȖȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ ǴȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ țȔȍȘȓȈ ǭȍ țȎȍ ȒȓȈȓȐ Ȋ
ȋȘȖȉ
* Ɂɚɝɨɜɨɪ

— ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȊȣȌȈȌȐȚȍ ȍȍ ȏȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȔțȎ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǰțȥȕ
șȖȒȘțȠȍȕȕȣȔ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȧȔ — ȧ ȊȍȘȕț ȍȍ Ȓ ȎȐȏȕȐ.
ǸȖȌȐȚȍȓȐ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓȐșȤ ǰțȥȕ ȕȈȋȕțȓșȧ ȕȈȌ
ȚȘțȗȖȔ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȊȐȌ ȉțȌȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȈ țȝȖ ǷȖ-
ȕȍȔȕȖȋț ȚȘțȗ șȚȈȓ ȖȎȐȊȈȚȤ ȅȚȖ — ǿȍȕ *, — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȗȘȖ ǰțȥ-
ȕȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȍȕșȒȐȍ ȎȐȚȍȓȐ
ǸȖȌȐȚȍȓȐ ȊȣșȈȓȐ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȠțȦ ȏȈȔțȎ ȏȈ ǰțȥȕȈ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș
ȝȖȘȖȠȐȔ ȗȘȐȌȈȕȣȔ ǮȍȕȈ ǰțȥȕȈ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȊȈȓȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ Ȑȏ
șȍȔȤȐ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȈ ȚȍȓȖ ǵȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȈ
șȍȔȤȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȍȑ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȈ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ǯȈȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȏȕȈȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȌȍȓȈ
șȍȔȤȐ ȋȌȍ ȘȖȌȐȓȈșȤ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ Ǫ ȕȖȊȖȔ Țȍȓȍ ȍȍ ȌțȠȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȋȣ-
ȐȋȘȈȓȈ ȖȚ ȖȉȔȍȕȈ
* ɑɟɧ — ɜɨɥɲɟɛɧɢɤ

11
ǹǶǿǶȄǮ
ȇȕ-ǽțȕ ȉȣȓ șȣȕ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȈ ǷȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȖȚȞȈ ȍȋȖ
ȕȍȖȝȖȚȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȋ ȋȈȘȕȐȏȖȕ Ȋ DzȈȕ-șț ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ǿț
ȌȧȌȧ ȗȖ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȑ ȎȐȊȣȔ țȔȖȔ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ ǿț
ȐȔȍȓ ȌȖȟȤ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȈ ǯȈ ȌȍȚȤȔȐ ȌȖȉ-
ȘȖșȖȊȍșȚȕȖ ȗȘȐșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓȈ ȋțȊȍȘȕȈȕȚȒȈ ȌȈȓȤȕȧȧ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȐȞȈ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒȈ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ țȎȍ ȉțȌțȟȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȇȕ-ȝțȕ Ȋ ȓȍȚ-
ȕȦȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘ ȗȖȌȣȠȈȚȤ ȊȖȏȌțȝȖȔ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌțȠ-
ȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ǺȈȔ ȗȘȐșȖȍȌȐȕȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȌȍȊȐȞȈ ǿț ǴȖ-
ȓȖȌȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȗȖȓȦȉȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ǹ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȖȕȐ șȚȈȓȐ ȊȐ-
ȌȈȚȤșȧ ȒȈȎȌțȦ ȕȖȟȤ
ǫțȊȍȘȕȈȕȚȒȈ țșȓȣȠȈȊ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȣ Ȑ șȔȍȝ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȇȕ-
ȝțȕȈ ȊȣșȓȍȌȐȓȈ Ȑȝ Ȑ ȕȈȒȘȣȓȈ «ȋȖȘȠȖȒ ș ȘȖȏȈȔȐ» ǶȕȈ șȖ-
ȖȉȡȐȓȈ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒț ǺȖȚ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ ȥȚȖ Ȏȍȕȍ
— ǵȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ǵȈȠȈ ȌȖȟȤ șȗȐȚ Ȋșȍ
ȕȖȟȐ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ
ǿț ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ Ƕȕ ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓșȧ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ
ȗȘȍȌȓȖȋȖȔ ȊȣșȍȒ ȇȕ-ȝțȕȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȋȕȈȓ ȍȋȖ ǺȖȚ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȔȣȚȈȘ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȐȝ șȘȍȌșȚȊ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȊȣȕțȎȌȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖ-
șȍȓȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ șȚȈȘȖȑ ȗȈȋȖȌȍ Ȋ dzȈȕ-ǿȐ-Ǽț ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȒȈȘȍȚȈ Ȗș-
ȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȍȋȖ țȉȍȎȐȡȍȔ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕ-
ȕȈȧ ș ȉȖȋȈȚȣȔ ȉȈȋȈȎȖȔ
— ȇ ȗȘȐȉȣȓȈ ș ȔȖȐȔ ȌȧȌȍȑ ǿț-ǻ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȍȔț, —
ȉțȌȍȔ ȎȐȚȤ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖ ȊȔȍșȚȍ
ǿț-ǻ ȉȣȓ ȔȓȈȌȠȐȑ ȉȘȈȚ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒȈ ǿț Ƕȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ
ȗȘȐȉȣȓ Ȋ dzȈȕ-ǿȐ-Ǽț ȒȈȒ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ ȋȈȘȕȐȏȖȕȈ ȇȕ-ǽțȕ ȗȖ-
Ƞȍȓ ȗȖȊȐȌȈȚȤșȧ ș ȕȐȔ DzȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ ȖȚȌȈȓ ȍȔț ȊȐȏȐȚ ȇȕ-ǽțȕ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȔț șȊȖȦ Ȏȍȕț DzȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ ȉȣȓ ȖȠȍȓȖȔȓȍȕ
— ǴȖȧ ȗȓȍȔȧȕȕȐȞȈ Ȋ DzȈȕ-șț — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ. — ȇ ȗȖșȓȍ
ȊȍȘȕțșȤ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȖȕȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȐȉȣȚȤ șȦȌȈ ȍȍ ȖȚȍȞ
șȖȖȉȡȐȓ ȉȣ Ȕȕȍ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ
ȇȕ-ǽțȕ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ȉȣȓ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕ

ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȗȖȏȎȍ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ ǿț-ǻ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȓ-
șȧ Ȋ DzȈȕ-șț ȗȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȌȍȓȈȔ Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȖȊȖșȚȤ șȊȖȍȔț ȉȘȈ-
Țț-ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒț
— ǴȖȧ ȌȖȟȤ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ, — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
ȚȖȚ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ țȊȍȌȖȔȐȚȤ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ șȊȖȦ Ȏȍȕț
ǮȍȕȈ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȍȔț
— ȅȚȖ ȖȉȖȘȖȚȍȕȤ ȅȚȖ — ȓȐșȐȞȈ ȗȘȐȕȧȊȠȈȧ ȕȈȘțȎȕȣȑ
ȊȐȌ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȌȖȟȍȘȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȌțȔȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȉȍȎȐȚ ȏȈ
ȎȍȕȐȝȖȔ ǵȍȚ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ șȗȈșȚȐ ȘȍȗțȚȈȞȐȦ ȕȈȠȍȑ
șȍȔȤȐ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐȏȊȈȚȤ ȇȕ-ǽțȕȈ Ȑ ȎȍȕȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȌȖȟȍ-
ȘȐ ǷȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ Ȑ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ ȖȉșțȌȐȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ
șȖȊȍȚ Ȏȍȕȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ ǷȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ȗȘȐȏȊȈȓ ȇȕ-ǽțȕȈ Ȑ
șȖșȚȖȧȓȈșȤ ȕȍȌȖȏȊȖȓȍȕȕȈȧ șȊȈȌȤȉȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ șțȗȘțȋ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȉȘȈȟȕțȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȗȕ țȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓ ȌȊțȝ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȝ ȌȘțȋ ȕȈ
ȌȘțȎȒț Dz șȟȈșȚȤȦ, ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȊȣȊȍȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȏȈȚȘțȌȕȍȕȐȧ
— ȅȚȈ, ȌȘțȋȈȧ ȊȈȠȈ ȎȍȕȈ, — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ȟȚȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚ-
șȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȖ ȧ — ȓȐșȐȞȈ DzȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȊȈȠ ȗȘȍȌȖȒ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ ȇȕ
ȖȝȖȚȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȐȔ ȗȖȌșȚȘȍȓȍȕȈ șȚȘȍȓȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖȑȔȈȕȈ ǬȖȉ-
Șȣȑ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȊȧȏȈȓ ȔȖȦ ȘȈȕț Ȑ ȖȚȗțșȚȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ șȊȖ-
ȉȖȌț Ǫ ȊȈȠȍȔ ȓȐȞȍ ȧ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȐȓȈ ȍȔț ȌȖȓȋ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖșȚȐ
ǯȕȈȧ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ ȓȦȉȐȚȍ ȌȍȊȐȞț ǿț ȉȍȏ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȍȍ Ȋ
Ȏȍȕȣ ȧ ȗȖșȘȍȌȕȐȟȈȓȈ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔ ȊȈȔ șȗȖșȖȉȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋȣ
ȔȖȋȓȐ ȍȍ ȌȖșȚȈȚȤ ǺȈȒȖȊȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȈȠȈ ȖȉȖȦȌȕȈȧ șțȌȤȉȈ ǷȘȖ-
ȡȈȑȚȍ

13
DzǼȅȊ ǿȁDzȊǶ
ǷȖȌ ȔȖȕȋȖȓȤșȒȖȑ ȌȐȕȈșȚȐȍȑ ȆȈȕȤ Ȋ ǵȐȕȋȗț ȗȘȖȊ ǿȍ-
DzȐȈȕ
 Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȗȧȚȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȓțȕȣ Ȑ ȗȧȚȕȈȌ-
ȞȈȚȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȓțȕȣ ȗȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈȔ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȐȓȓȦȔȐ-
ȕȈȞȐȧ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȈȝ ǷȖ ȥȚȖȔț șȓțȟȈȦ ȞȈȘșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ
șȊȖȉȖȌȈ ǴȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ Ȑȓ-
ȓȦȔȐȕȈȞȐȦ.
Ǫ ȋȖȌ Dzȥȕ-Ȟȏȣ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȈ ǿȍȑ-ǿȍȕ  ȋ
, ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȗȧȚ-
ȕȈȌȞȈȚȈȋȖ ȟȐșȓȈ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȓțȕȣ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȒȕȐȎȕȐȒ ȗȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ
Dz’ȐȈȖ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȖȊȌȖȊȍȊȠȐȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȐȓȓȦȔȐȕȈȞȐȦ ș
ȗȖȘȖȋȈ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ǩȣȓȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȖȓțȕȖȟȐ Ȑ ȚȖȓȗȈ șȚȈȕȖȊȐ-
ȓȈșȤ ȘȍȎȍ ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȧȕȦ ȕȍș-
ȠțȦ ȜȖȕȈȘȤ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȘȐșȖȊȈȕȣ ȌȊȈ șȕȍȋȐȘȧ Ȗș-
ȊȍȡȈȊȠȐȑ ȗțȚȤ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȍ Ȋ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȍ - ȓȍȚ ȖȌȍ-
ȚȖȑ Ȋ ȧȘȒȖ-ȒȘȈșȕȖȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȕȈ șȐȕȍȑ ȗȖȌȒȓȈȌȒȍ ǴȖȓȖȌȈȧ Ȍȍ-
ȊțȠȒȈ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȊȖșȚȖȒț ǷȘȐ șȊȍȚȍ ȓțȕȣ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȒȘȈșȐȊȈ Ȑ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȍȋȖ
ȏȈȎȋȓȖșȤ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȣȔ ȖȋȕȍȔ ǪȕȈȟȈȓȍ Ȗȕ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȏȈ ȕȍȦ șȏȈ-
ȌȐ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȖȗȍȘȍȌȐȓ ȍȍ, ȟȚȖȉȣ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȍȍ șȗȍȘȍȌȐ ǴȖȓȖȌȈȧ
ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȈ ȥȚț ȝȐȚȘȖșȚȤ ǶȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ
țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
— ǵȍ ȉțȌțȟȐ ȗȖȔȖȓȊȓȍȕȣ Ȕȣ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐșȤ ȗȘȐ
șȊȍȚȍ ȓțȕȣ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ
ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȍȍ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǵȍ șȌȍȓȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ Ȋȣ ȟȍșȚȤ ȔȖȍȑ ȐȏȉțȠȒȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖșȔȖȚ-
ȘȍȚȤ ȍȍ"
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ǶȕȈ ȖȒȓȐȒȕțȓȈ șȊȖȦ ȕȧȕȦ ȠȍȌ-
ȠțȦ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ
— ǪȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȑȚȍșȤ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ DzȐȍȕ-ȓȐȍȕ, Ȑ ȖșȊȍȚȐȚȍ ȕȈȔ
ȗțȚȤ
ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȌȈȓ ȘțȒț ȌȍȊțȠȒȍ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȓ ȍȍ Ȓ șȍȉȍ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȑ șȊȖȍȑ șțȌȤȉȖȑ ǷȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ Ȗȕ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȍ
ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȍȍ ȏȖȊțȚ.
— Ǵȍȕȧ ȏȖȊțȚ Ǽț-ȓȐȒ-Ȑȕ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ǴȖȑ ȖȚȍȞ
ȉȣȓ șțȌȤȍȑ Ȋ DzȊȈȕȚțȕȍ ǸȖȌȐȚȍȓȐ ȔȖȐ țȔȍȘȓȐ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȚ

14
ȉȘȈȚȤȍȊ ȇ ȎȐȊț ȖȌȕȈ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȕȧȕȍȑ DzȐȍȕ-ȓȐȍȕ Ȋ ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓȍ
ǽț-ȏȐ
ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȍ ț șȍȉȧ ȕȈ ȊșȦ ȕȖȟȤ ǶȕȈ
țȠȓȈ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȖȔ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȓ ȊȍȟȍȘț
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȓȈ ȕȖȟȤ ǺȈȒ ȖȕȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȖșȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȌȊțȝ
ȕȍȌȍȓȤ
ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȖȌȐȕ șȖșȍȌ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȊȠȐȑ ȍȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȣ Ȑ țȝȖ-
Ȍȣ ȊȣșȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȋșȍ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȡȍȓȤ Ȋ șȚȍȕȍ ǷȘȐ șȊȍȚȍ ȓȈȔȗȣ Ȗȕ
țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȖșȖȉȈ, șȐȌȍȊȠȈȧ Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȊȠȈȧ ș Dz’ȐȈȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ ș ȔȍȘȚȊȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȕȈȒȘȈȠȍȕȈ Ȑ ȕȈȗțȌȘȍȕȈ ǶȟȍȕȤ Ȗȉȍc-
ȗȖȒȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȥȚȐȔ Ȗȕ ȕȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȔȖȓȖȌȖ-
Ȕț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț
— ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȚȤ ȚȖ, ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖ,
ȗȓȖȝȖ ȒȖȕȟȐȚȍ ǮȐȊȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȍșȚȤ ȇȕ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȍ șțȚȤ —
ǰȐȕȕ Ǫȣ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚȍ ȕȖȟȐ ș ȔȍȘȚȊȖȑ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȧ ȟȚȖ
ȖșȒȊȍȘȕȧȍȚȍșȤ șȕȖȠȍȕȐȍȔ ș ȕȍȦ ǶȕȈ ȊȣȚȧȋȐȊȈȍȚ Ȑȏ ȊȈș ȎȐ-
ȊȖȑ Ȍțȝ Ȑ Ȋȣ ȒȖȕȟȐȚȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȒȊȍȘȕȖ ȊȖ ȞȊȍȚȍ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȓȍȚ
ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ țȎȈșȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ șȖșȍȌț șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ,
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȌȈȓȈ ȍȔț Ȗ șȍȉȍ
— ǹȚțȗȈȑȚȍ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȏȍ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȤȚȍ Ȑȝ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȍȔț șȖ-
șȍȌǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ șȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓȍ ǽț-
ȏȐ Ƕȕ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȐșȒȈȓ Ȋșȍȝ ȘȈșșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ ȕȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ
ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȉȈȘȣȠȕȦ Ǽț ǻșȚȈȓȣȑ, Ȗȕ ȏȈȠȍȓ Ȋ ȗȈȋȖȌț ǽț-ȏȐȕȕ-
șȍȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȌȖȝȕțȚȤ ǬȖȑȌȧ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȉȖȒȖȊȖȑ ȏȈȗȈȌȕȖȑ ȋȈ-
ȓȍȘȍȐ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȓ ȐȏȖȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ Ǫ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȕȈ-
ȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȋȘȖȉ ș ȚȈȒȖȑ ȕȈȌȗȐșȤȦ «Ǽț-ȓȐȒ-Ȑȕ ȌȖȟȤ șțȌȤȐ Ǽț
Ȑȏ ǽȖȈ-ǿț» ǵȈȓ ȋȘȖȉȖȔ ȊȐșȍȓ ȜȖȕȈȘȤ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȌȊțȔȧ
șȕȍȋȐȘȧȔȐ ǪȖȏȓȍ ȋȘȖȉȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȉțȔȈȎȕȣȑ ȘȐșțȕȖȒ ȕȧȕȐ
ș ȌȊțȔȧ ȐȍȘȖȋȓȐȜȈȔȐ.
ǻȊȐȌȍȊ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȊșȚȈȓȐ ȌȣȉȖȔ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȔȖȓȖ-
ȌȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȗȖȚ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ Țȍȓȍ Ƕȕ ȗȖ-
ȉȍȎȈȓ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȖȋ ȉȍȏ ȖȋȓȧȌȒȐ ǵȍ șȔȍȧ ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ ț șȍȉȧ ȕȖȟȤ
Ȑȏ ȉȖȧȏȕȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȖȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ ȗȘȐȦȚ ț șȖșȍȌȈ
ǺȖȚ ȍȔț șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǿȈȘȣ Ȑ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȣ ǺȈȖ-ȟȍȑ-Ȋȍȑ Ȑȏ ȗȈȋȖȌȣ ȆȈȕ-ȔȐȈȖ-
ȒȖȈȕ șȈȔȣȍ șȐȓȤȕȣȍ ǷȖȑȌȐȚȍ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȒȖȘȍȍ Ȑ
ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȚȍ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ

15
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ș țȚȘȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȐșȒȈȚȤ
ǺȈȖ-ȟȍȧ * ǸȈȕȤȠȍ, ȟȍȔ Ȗȕ țșȗȍȓ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȘȖȚ ȚȖȚ ȍȔț șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ
— ǪȖȓȕȣ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȐȑ ȐșȝȖȌȧȚ Ȑȏ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ ǯȈ-
ȟȍȔ Ȋȣ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ șȦȌȈ"
ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ șȚȖȗȈȔ ǺȈȖ-ȟȍȧ, ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ
ȍȔț șȊȖȦ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȐȓ șȗȈșȚȐ ȍȋȖ ǺȈȖ-ȟȍȑ ȕȈȔȖȟȐȓ
șȊȖȦ ȒȐșȚȤ Ȋ ȒȐȕȖȊȈȘȐ Ȑ ȕȈȟȍȘȚȈȓ ȌȊȈ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ș ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍȔ ȗȘȐȒȓȍȐȚȤ ȖȌȐȕ
Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȧȔ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ Ȉ ȌȘțȋȖȑ — Ȋ șȗȈȓȤȕȍ Ȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȖ-
șȚȍȓȐ DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ Ȗȕ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȗȘȍȚȐȓ ȍȔț ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȚȤ-
șȧ Ȓ ȗȈȋȖȌȍ ǽț-ȏȐȕȕ-șȍȑ
ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ ș ȌȊțȔȧ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȈȔȐ Ȑ
șȌȍȓȈȓ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȋȍȓȍȓ ȍȔț ǺȈȖ-ȟȍȑ Ǫ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȞȍȓȖȋȖ Ȕȍșȧ-
ȞȈ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȕȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȊȐȏȐȚȈ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț ȌȘțȋț Ȑ ȗȐȓ ș ȕȐȔ
ȌȖ ȗȖȓțȕȖȟȐ Ǫ ȗȤȧȕȖȔ ȊȐȌȍ Ȗȕ ȏȈȉȣȓ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ǺȈȖ-ȟȍȧ
ǷȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȔȐȔȖ ȗȈȋȖȌȣ ǽț-ȏȐȕȕ-șȍȑ DzȐȍȕ-
ȓȐȍȕ ȎȌȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ț ȊȖȘȖȚ
— ǪȖȚ țȎ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȧ ȉȈȘȣȠȕȧ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȊȈș ǪȖȑ-
ȌȐȚȍ
ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȖȗȓȍȓșȧ ȏȈ ȕȍȑ ș ȗȘȐȚțȗȓȍȕȕȣȔ șȖȏ-
ȕȈȕȐȍȔ ǶȕȈ ȗȘȖȊȍȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȏȈȗȈȌȕțȦ ȋȈȓȍȘȍȦ Ȓ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȒȍ ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ șȐȌȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȋȘȖȉț ǻȊȐȌȍȊ ȍȋȖ, ȖȕȈ
ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȎțȘȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ
— ǵț ȊȖȚ, Ȕȣ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐșȤ ȇ ȊȈș ȗȖȓȦȉȐȓȈ ȇ Ȋșȧ ȖȚȌȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȊȈȔ ǵȈȔ ȚȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ǵȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȈȔ
șȓțȠȈȚȤ ȊȘȈȕȤȍ ȏȓȖȋȖ ǺȈȖ-ȟȍȧ Ȑ ȗȣȚȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȘȊȈȚȤ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ
Ǫȣ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȓȐ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȕȍȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȣȑ ȇ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ
ȗȖșȚțȗȓȦ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȖȚȗțȡț ȊȈș
ǹȒȈȏȈȊ ȥȚȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ Ȑ șȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǫȘȖȉ șȈȔ ȖȚȒȘȣȓșȧ ǶȕȈ ȊȖȠȓȈ Ȋ ȋȘȖȉ ȗȖȚȈȡȐȊ
ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȦ ǺȧȎȍȓȈȧ ȒȘȣȠȒȈ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌ
ȕȐȔȐ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȉȣȓ ȔȍȘȚȊ
ȖȚ țȌțȠȤȧ.
* Ʉɭɞɟɫɧɢɤ

ǵȍ ȊȐȌȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ șȖșȍȌ ȏȈȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȖȚ-
ȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȐȋȌȍ Ȑ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȚȍȔ,
ȟȚȖ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ǽț-ȏȐȕ-șȍȑ. ǯȈȔȍȚȐȊ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓȣ ȔțȎșȒȖȑ ȖȌȍȎ-
Ȍȣ ȏȈȎȈȚȣ ȔȍȎȌț ȋȘȖȉȖȔ Ȑ ȒȘȣȠȒȖȑ Ȗȕ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ
ȉȖȕȏȈȔ ǫȘȖȉ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȐ Ǫ ȕȍȔ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȊȠȐȑ-
șȧ ȚȘțȗ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ șȎȐȔȈȊȠȍȑ Ȋ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧȝ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕ-
ȕȖ șȊȍȎȐȑ ȚȘțȗ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
— ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȉȖȕȏȣ — ȟȚȖȉȣ ȚȈȒȈȧ
ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȤ ȚȈȒ șȍȉȧ ȊȍȓȈ" ǶȕȈ ȌȖȟȤ șțȌȤȐ Ǽț Ȑȏ ǽȈȖ-ǿț ǶȕȈ
țȔȍȘȓȈ Ȋ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȍ  ȓȍȚ Ȑ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ  ȓȍȚ ǭȍ șȍ-
ȔȤȧ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȐȓȈ ȔȍșȚȖȎȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ȋȘȖȉ
ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȖ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȍ ȌȈȓȈ Ȗ șȍȉȍ ȏȕȈȚȤ ǿȚȖȉȣ ȚȈȔ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ,
ȥȚȖȚ ȊȈȔȗȐȘ ȏȌȍșȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ
ǹ ȥȚȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȖȕȐ ȏȈȒȖȗȈȓȐ ȋȘȖȉ Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȏȈ
ȏȈȗȈȌȕȣȔȐ ȊȖȘȖȚȈȔȐ
ǹ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȕȍȕȈșȚȕȣȍ ȕȖȟȐ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȊȐ-
ȌȍȚȤ ȌȍȊțȠȒț Ȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ, ȋțȓȧȦȡȐȝ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȌȍȘ-
ȎȈșȤ ȏȈ ȘțȒȐ; ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȕȐȝ ȐȌȍȚ ȕȧȕȧ ș ȜȖȕȈȘȍȔ țȒȘȈȠȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȌȊțȔȧ șȕȍȋȐȘȧȔȐ Ǻȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȦȚ ȥȚȖ ȚȘȐȖ, ȏȈ-
ȉȖȓȍȊȈȦȚ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȑ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȒȖȑ ǩȖȓȤȕȣȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ
ȗȖȌȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȧȚȤșȧ ȐȔ, ȐȕȈȟȍ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ șȔȖȋțȚ Ȋȣȏ-
ȌȖȘȖȊȍȚȤ

ǸǾdzǿȀȊȍǻǶǻ ǿ DZǾȁȆǮǺǶ
ǶȌȐȕ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕȐȕ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ ȕȈ ȉȈȏȈȘ ȋȘțȠȐ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȖȌȈȎȐ
ǺȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȓȈȌȒȐȍ Ȑ ȗȈȝțȟȐȍ Ȗȕ ȏȈȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ
ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ Ȟȍȕț ǺȈȖ-ȟȍȑ, Ȋ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȠȈȗȒȍ, Ȋ ȓȖȝȔȖȚȤȧȝ,
șȖȉȐȘȈȓ ȗȖȎȍȘȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȉȈȏȈȘȍ Ƕȕ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ ȔȐȓȖșȚȣ-
ȕȦ ț ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕȐȕȈ ǺȖȚ ȍȔț ȋȘțȉȖ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓ ǺȈȖ-ȟȍȑ ȕȈșȚȈȐȊȈȓ,
Ȉ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕȐȕ șȍȘȌȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȘțȋȈȓ ȍȋȖ ǺȖȋȌȈ ǺȈȖ-ȟȍȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț:
— ǻ Țȍȉȧ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȋȘțȠ ȍșȓȐ Țȣ ȌȈȠȤ Ȕȕȍ ȖȌȕț Țȣ ȖȚ ȥȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȕȍ ȖȉȍȌȕȍȍȠȤ
ǷȘȐșțȚșȚȊȖȊȈȊȠȐȍ țȊȍȡȍȊȈȓȐ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕȐȕȈ ȗȖȎȍȘȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȖȌȕț Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȒȘȈșȐȊțȦ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȋȘțȠ ǺȖȚ țȗȘȧȔȖ ȖȚȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȓșȧ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȊșȒȓȈȌȟȐȕț ȒțȗȐȓȐ ȋȘțȠț ț ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕȐȕȈ
Ȑ ȌȈȓȐ ȍȍ ǺȈȖ-ȟȍȦ
— ǷȖȌȖȎȌȐȚȍ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȐȔ ǺȈȖ-ȟȍȑ — ȧ ȕȍ ȚȈ-
ȒȖȑ șȒțȗȖȑ ȧ ȊȈȔ ȌȈȔ ȗȖȒțȠȈȚȤ ȔȖȐȝ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȋȘțȠ
ǹȒȈȏȈȊ ȥȚȖ, Ȗȕ șȢȍȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȒțșȒȈȔȐ ȋȘțȠț ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ șȖȉȐȘȈȧ șȍȔȍȟȒȐ ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȗȕ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ ȕȖȎ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȖșȐȓ
ȗȘȐ șȍȉȍ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȌȣȘȒț Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȕȈ ȉȈȏȈȘȍ ȉȘȖ-
șȐȓ ȚțȌȈ șȍȔȍȕȈ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȓ Ȑȝ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ Ȑ ȗȖȓȐȓ ȥȚȖ ȔȍșȚȖ ȊȖ-
ȌȖȑ ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ ȘȖșȚȖȒ Ȑȏ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ȗȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ țȊȍȓȐ-
ȟȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȍ ȋȘțȠȍȊȖȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȖ ș ȗȘȍ-
ȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ ȗȓȖȌȈȔȐ ǺȈȖ-ȟȍȑ șȘȣȊȈȓ Ȑȝ ȗȖ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑ ȘȈȏȌȈ-
ȊȈȓ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȢȍȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȋȘțȠȐ ȌȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌ-
ȕȍȑ ǯȈȚȍȔ ǺȈȖ-ȟȍȑ ȗȖȌȘȍȏȈȓ ȕȖȎȖȔ șȚȊȖȓ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȊȏȊȈȓȐȓ
ȍȋȖ șȍȉȍ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȐ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ.
ȅȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȓȖ ȊșȦ ȉȈȏȈȘȕțȦ
ȚȖȓȗț ǬȈȎȍ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕȐȕ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ șȊȖȐ ȋȘțȠȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖșȔȖȚ-
ȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȟțȌȖ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȗȖȊȖȏȒȍ
ȚȖ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȍȋȖ ȋȘțȠȐ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ Ȑ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȍȚ șȓȖȔȈȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȌȣȠȓȈ Ƕȕ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȔȈȋȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ǺȈȖ-ȟȍȧ
ǿȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȖȔșȚȐȚȤ ȍȔț ȏȈ ȘțȋȈȕȤ ȚȖȚ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓ ȌȣȠȓȖ Ȋ Ȍȍ-
ȘȍȊȖ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȋȘțȠȐ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕȐȕȈ ȘȈȏȌȈȓ Ȑȝ ȚȖȓȗȍ
Ȑ țȕȍș ș șȖȉȖȑ șȚȊȖȓ ǸȈșșȍȘȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕȐȕ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ Ȑș-
ȒȈȚȤ ǺȈȖ-ȟȍȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖșȟȐȚȈȚȤșȧ ș ȕȐȔ ǻ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ
țȓȐȞȣ Ȗȕ ȕȈȠȍȓ șȚȊȖȓ ȕȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȖȓȌț-
ȕȈ Ǫșȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ șȔȍȧȓȐșȤ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ

ǿǽǾǮǰdzDzǹǶǰȉǷ ǿȁDz
ǷȘȐ ȞȈȘșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ ǻ-ȚȐ Ȑȏ ȌȐȕȈșȚȐȐ ǺȏȐȕ
(263-
 Ȋ ǿȍȑ-ȓȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȌȍȊț-
ȠȒȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȓȦȉȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ Ȑ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȎȍȕȐȚȤșȧ ǷȘȐ-
ȏȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȕȈ ȊȖȍȕȕțȦ șȓțȎȉț ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ țȍȝȈȓ Ȑ ȕȍ
ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȐ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȓȍȚ ǸȖȌȐȚȍȓȐ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ Ȋȣ-
ȌȈȓȐ ȍȍ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ǶȕȈ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȧȓȈșȤ ǭȍ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȐ Ȋșȍ-
ȚȈȒȐ ȕȈșȚȖȧȓȐ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ǶȚ ȋȖȘȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ țȔȍȘȓȈ
ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ șȖ șȓțȎȉȣ ȕȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȍ Ȑ
șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȋȌȍ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȊȍșȚȈ ǭȔț ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ
Ƕȕ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȗȓȈȒȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȔȖȋȐȓț ȏȈȚȍȔ ȕȍ ȉțȌțȟȐ Ȋ șȖ-
șȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȉȖȘȖȚȤșȧ ș ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍȔ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȍȍ Ȗȕ ȘȈșȒȖȗȈȓ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȦ Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȋȘȖȉ ǴȍȘȚȊȈȧ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ Ƕȕ ȍȍ Ȋȏȧȓ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȐ Ȑ ȗȖȕȍș Ȓ șȍȉȍ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȍ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ȖȕȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȊȣȏȌȖȘȖȊȍȓȈ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȚȖȚ ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȕȣȍ ȊȣȌȈȓȐ ȍȍ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓ Ȏȍ-
ȕț ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȈȕȌȈȘȐȕȈ ȅȚȖȚ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȈȔ ȘȍȠȐȚȤ ȌȍȓȖ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈ-
ȊȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȓ ǪȣșȠȍȔț șțȌȤȍ ǷȘȐȋȖȊȖȘ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒȖȑ
— «ǹȓțȟȈȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȈȧ ȌȘțȎȉȈ șțȔȍȓȈ ȚȘȖȕțȚȤ ȕȍ-
ȉȖ Ȑ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȖȎȐȊȐȓȐ ȔȍȘȚȊțȦ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ
ȚȖȓȒȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖ ȖȉȣȟȕȣȔ ȏȈȒȖȕȈȔ ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȚȤ
ȖȚȌȈȕȈ ȚȖȔț ȒȚȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȍȍ ȋȘȖȉ».

19
ǿǶǹǮ ǶǿȀǶǻǻǼǷ ǹȌǯǰǶ
ǶȌȕȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȖȋȈȚȈȧ șȍȔȤȧ ȐȔȍȓȈ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȣȕȈ
ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖȋȖ DzȈȒ-ȚȖ, ȗȘȖȋțȓȐȊȈȧșȤ ȗȖ ȉȈȏȈȘț,
Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȘȈșȐȊțȦ ȔȖȓȖȌțȦ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ȗȘȖȌȈȊȈȊȠțȦ ȓȤȕȧ-
ȕțȦ ȔțȒț Ƕȕ ȗȖȓȦȉȐȓ ȍȍ Ȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȐȔȍȚȤ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ șȉȓȐ-
ȏȐȚȤșȧ ș ȕȍȦ ȒțȗȐȓ ț ȕȍȍ ȗȈȒȍȚ ȔțȒȐ ǹ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ Ȗȕ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊ-
ȕȖ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ ȉȈȏȈȘ Ȑ ȗȖȒțȗȈȓ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȗȈȒȍȚ ȔțȒȐ ȕȐ Ȗ
ȟȍȔ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȧ ș ȕȍȦ
ǪȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȓȈșȤ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ. ǶȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȈȧ
ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ DzȖȋȌȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȖȕȈ ȍȋȖ șȗȘȖ-
șȐȓȈ
— ǷȖȟȍȔț Ȋȣ ȗȖȒțȗȈȍȚȍ ȔȖȦ ȔțȒț"
— ǰȏ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȓ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȡȐȞȍ, — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ
ǴȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȕȖ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ ȖȕȈ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ ȘȈșȚȘȖȋȈȕȈ «ǰȏ ȕȐȚȒȐ Ȋ ȐȋȖȓȒț», — ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ țș-
ȓȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȕȖȟȕȖȍ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȍ ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȘȈșȗȖȓȈ-
ȋȈȓ ȊșȍȔ ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȍȘȕȈ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȦ ǸȈȌȖșȚȤ ȔȖȓȖ-
ȌȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ țȗȈȓ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȔ ȖȚ șȟȈșȚȤȧ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ țȉȍȎȈȓȈ ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈ ȉȈ-
ȏȈȘȍ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȠȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȉȍȌȈ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍ-
ȒȈ ȏȈȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȧȚ ȍȋȖ ǷȖȠȓȐ ȐșȒȈȚȤ șȣȕȈ Ȋ
ȍȋȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ Ȑ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȔ ǶȕȐ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȋ
ȋȘȖȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ șȚȈȓȐ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȊȍȡȐ Ǫ ȍȋȖ șțȕȌțȒȈȝ ǶȕȐ ȕȈ-
ȠȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ șȚȈ ȗȈȒȍȚȖȊ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ Ȑ ȔȈȓȣȝ ȓȤȕȧȕȖȑ ȔțȒȐ
ǴȈȚȤ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
— ȅȚȈ ȔțȒȈ țȉȐȓȈ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ șȣȕȈ
ǶȕȐ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȉȈȏȈȘ Ȑ ȖȚȣșȒȈȓȐ ȔȖȓȖȌțȦ ȌȍȊțȠ-
Ȓț șȘȍȌȐ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȞȍȊ ȓȤȕȧȕȖȑ ȔțȒȖȑ ǻȌȖșȚȖȊȍȘȐȊȠȐșȤ ȟȚȖ
ȍȍ ȗȈȒȍȚȣ șȓȖȎȍȕȣ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȉȣȓȐ șȓȖȎȍȕȣ ȗȈȒȍȚȣ ȕȈȑȌȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ Ȋ șțȕȌțȒȈȝ șȣȕȈ ȖȕȐ ȍȍ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓȐ Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓȐ
— ǷȖȟȍȔț Țȣ țȉȐȓȈ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ șȣȕȈ"
ǻȊȐȌȍȊ ȟȚȖ ȍȍ ȚȈȑȕȈ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȘȈșșȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȈ ȐȔ ȊșȦ ȗȘȈȊȌț ǶȕȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓȐ ȍȑ Ȑ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐ Ȍȍ-
ȊțȠȒț Ȓ ȔȈȕȌȈȘȐȕț

— ȇ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȈȏȣȊȈȦșȤ țȔȍȘȍȚȤ, — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȌȍȊț-
ȠȒȈ— ȌȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȗȓȈȒȈȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȓȖȔ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȊȖȏ-
ȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ǴȈȕȌȈȘȐȕ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȐȓ ȍȍ ȗȘȖșȤȉț ȖȕȈ ȗȖȠȓȈ Ȓ ȖȚȒȘȣ-
ȚȖȔț ȋȘȖȉț ȓȈșȒȈȓȈ ȚȍȓȖ Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ș ȗȓȈȟȍȔ
— ǹȔȖȚȘȐ, ȌȖ ȟȍȋȖ ȧ ȌȖȠȓȈ ǭșȓȐ ȌțȠȐ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ șȓț-
ȠȈȦȚ ȧ Țȍȉȧ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȦ ȗȖȟȍȔț Țȣ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȚȈȒ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȓ"
ǵȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȖȎȐȓ Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ șȊȖȦ
ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ Ƕȕ ȎȍȕȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȍ ț ȕȐȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȚȍȑ

21
ǽǾǶǸǹȌȅdzǻǶȍ ǶǺǽdzǾǮȀǼǾǮ Ȁ’ǮǷ-ȅȁǻǮ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȐȧ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ ȊȣșȠȐȍ ȖȜȐ-
ȞȍȘȣ șȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȋȘțȗȗȣ Ǻ’Ȉȑ-ȟțȕ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓ Ȑȝ
ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ǹȘȍȌȐ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒȐȝ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒȖȊ Ȗȕ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ǼȈȕ-
ȝțȈȕȓȐȕȈ Ǻț-ȎțȔȍȧ ǹȦ-ȠȍȑȚȞȐ ǽț-ȒȐȕȟțȕȈ ǪȈȕ-ȟȖȑȧ ǹȘȍ-
ȌȐ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ — DzȈȖ-ȟȍȑȓȍȕȈ ǺȖȈȕ-ȟȍȑȝȐȍȕȈ ǰȐȕ-ȒȈȑȠȈȕȈ
ǿȍȕ-ȐȖȒȐȕȈ, dzȦ-ȝțȕȒȐ, ǽț-ȒȐȒȚȍȧ ǺȏȐȕ-ȠțȗȈȖ ǵȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ
ȔȖȋ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȈ Ǫȍȑ-ȟȍȕȈ
ǰȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ ȗȘȐȏȊȈȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ǹȦ-ȠȍȑȚȞȐ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț
— ȅȚȖȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ Ȕȕȍ șȕȐȓșȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ șȖȕ DzȚȖ-ȚȖ
țȗȈȓ ȕȐȞ ȗȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ
— «ȇ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȕȕȍ, — ȌȘȈȒȖȕ ȘȍȒȐ DzȐȕ ȇ ȕȈȋȘțȉȐȓ
ǵȍȉț Ȑ ȖȕȖ ȌȈȓȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘț Ǫȍȑ-ȟȍȕț ȖȉȍȏȋȓȈȊȐȚȤ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȇ ȊȈș ȗȘȖȠț ȗȖȔȐȓȖȊȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ șȗȈșȚȐ Ȕȕȍ ȎȐȏȕȤ» ȇ
ȍȔț ȖȉȍȡȈȓ șȗȈșȚȐ ȍȋȖ ǵȖ Ǫȍȑ-ȟȍȕȈ ȕȍȚ ȏȌȍșȤ
— ǷȖȏȖȊȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǹȦ-ȠȍȑȚȞȐ — Ȑ ȌȍȘȎȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ
șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȞȍ ȅȚȖ ȍȔț ȗȖȔȍȠȈȍȚ țȉȐȚȤ ȌȘȈȒȖȕȈ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ǻ’Ȉȑ-ȟțȕ Ȑ ȌȈȓ ȗȘȐȒȈȏ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒț
ȒȖȓȍșȕȐȞ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȍȞ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȈ Ǫȍȑ-ȟȍȕȈ
ǷȘȖȠȓȖȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘ Ǫȍȑ-ȟȍȕ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓ ȏȈ șȖ-
ȏȊȍȏȌȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȊȖșȒțȘȐȊȈȓ ȐȔ ȜȐȔȐȈȔ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȕȍȉȍș-
ȕȣȑ ȗȖșȓȈȕȕȐȒ ȊȍȘȝȖȔ ȕȈ ȎțȘȈȊȓȍ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȑ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌȈȓ ȍȔț ȗȘȐȒȈȏ ǵȍȗȖȘȖȟȕȖȋȖ ǵȍȉȍșȕȖȋȖ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ
 Ǫ
ȥȚȖȔ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȐșȣȊȈȓȖșȤ Ǫȍȑ-ȟȍȕț ȖȉȍȏȋȓȈȊȐȚȤ ȕȈ șȓȍ-
ȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȋ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȑ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȐ ȟȈșȈ ǻ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȗȖȓțȌȕȧ
ȌȘȈȒȖȕȈ ȘȍȒȐ DzȐȕ Ǫȍȑ-ȟȍȕ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȍȘșȧ ȕȐȞ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓ șȊȖȍ
ȖȔȖȊȍȕȐȍ șȓȍȌȐȓ ȏȈ ȊȖȏȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȍȔ ȊȖȏȉțȌȐȓ șȊȖȦ șȔȍȓȖșȚȤ
Ȑ șȚȘȧȝȕțȓ ș șȍȉȧ ȓȍȕȤ Ȋ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȐ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȟȈșȈ ǪȖȚ
ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȗȕ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȕȈ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘșȒȖȑ ȈțȌȐȍȕȞȐȐ ǵȖ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȒȈȘȍȚȈ ȗȖșȓȈȕȕȈȧ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȖȔ, ȗȘȐȉȣȓȈ Ȗȕ ȕȍ
ȔȖȋ ȊȣȒȘțȚȐȚȤșȧ Ƕȕ ȖȌȍȓ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ șȊȖȑ ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȑ
ȔțȕȌȐȘ Ȑ ȌȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȖȚȊȍșȚȐ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȍȞ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȍȘșȧ ȕȐȞ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȖȔ ȖȗȘȈȊ-
ȌȣȊȈȧșȤ, ǭȋȖ ǪȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț
— Ǫȣ ȕȍ șȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȗȓȖȝȖȋȖ

22
ǯȈȚȍȔ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ ȖȚȗțșȚȐȓ Ȋșȍȝ șȊȖȐȝ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȊ ȏȈȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȊ Ǫȍȑ-ȟȍȕȈ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ șȊȖȐ ȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȈȗȈȘȚȈȔȍȕȚȣ
ȗȖȌ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȋȖȔ ȖȉșțȌȐȚȤ ș ȕȐȔ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȍȓȈ DzȖȋ-
ȌȈ șȖȊȍȚ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓșȧ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈȔ ȘȈȏȓȖ-
ȎȐȚȤ ȠȈȝȔȈȚȕțȦ ȌȖșȒț Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓ Ǫȍȑ-ȟȍȕȈ ȗȖșȓțȎȐȚȤ
ȍȔț ȗȈȘȚȕȍȘȖȔ ǷȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓșȧ ȗȖȓȌȍȕȤ Ǫ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȑ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȐ
ȟȈșȈ ǻ, șȘȍȌȐ ȗȈȘȚȐȐ Ǫȍȑ-ȟȍȕ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ șȖȋȕțȓșȧ ȕȈȌ șȚȖ-
ȓȖȔ
— Ƕȕ țșȕțȓ — șȒȈȏȈȓ șȍȉȍ Ǻ’Ȉȑ-ȟțȕ — ǩȍȌȕȣȑ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘ
ǺȧȎȍșȚȤ Ȍȍȓ ȍȋȖ ȖȉȘȍȔȍȕȧȍȚ ǬȈȌȐȔ ȍȔț ȊȏȌȘȍȔȕțȚȤ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ǫȍȑ-ȟȍȕ ȊșȚȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ Ȑ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓ ȐȏȊȐȕȧȚȤșȧ
— ǵȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȚȍșȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ — ȕȈȟȕȍȔ ȗȈȘ-
ȚȐȦǶȕȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ șȕȖȊȈ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȒȘȐȒ
șȕȈȘțȎȐ ǯȈȚȍȔ ǺȏȐȕ-ȠțȗȈȖ Ȑ ǹȦ-ȔȖȒțȕ ȊȖȠȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐ-
ȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȖȔ șȊȍȎȍȖȚȘțȉȓȍȕȕțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȌȘȈȒȖȕȈ
— ȅȚȖ, — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȐ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ — ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȌȘȈȒȖȕȈ țȗȈȊȠȈȧ
Ȑȏ Țțȟ ȕȈ Țȣșȧȟț ȠȈȋȖȊ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȈȓȍȘȍȍȑ
— ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ Ǫȍȑ-ȟȍȕȈ
— ǪȈȠȍ ǪȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȚȖȚ ȗȘȍȒȓȖȕȐȊȠȐșȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ
ȕȐȔ — ȥȚȖ ȧ ȖȚȘȍȏȈȓ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȧ
— ǵȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ǻ’Ȉȑ-ȟțȕ, — ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȧ
ȧ ȊȈș Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȍ șȗțșȒȈȓ ș ȋȓȈȏ Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȐ ȕȖȋȖȑ ȐȓȐ
ȘțȒȖȑ Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓȐ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȖȘțȎȐȧ
— Ǫȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ǫȍȑ-ȟȍȕ — ǴȖȧ
ȌțȠȈ țȠȓȈ ǫȘțȗȗȈ ȕȍȉȍșȕȣȝ șȚȖȘȖȎȍȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ȍȑ șȊȧ-
ȏȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȌȘȈȒȖȕȈ ǷȖșȓȍ ȗȘȖȟȚȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘȈ Ȗ ȕȍȔ Ȑ ǵȍ-
ȉȍșȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈ ȗȘȍȌȗȐșȣȊȈȊȠȍȋȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȕȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȧ ȖȚȘț-
ȉȐȓ ȍȔț ȖșȚȘȖ ȖȚȚȖȟȍȕȕȣȔ ȔȍȟȖȔ ș ȌȊțȔȧ ȓȍȏȊȐȧȔȐ ȋȖȓȖ-
Ȋț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ țȗȈȓȈ Ȑȏ Țțȟ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ.
ǰȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ țȉȍȌȐȊȠȐșȤ,
ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȋȖ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘ ȉȣȓ șȗȖșȖȉȍȕ. ǹ ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ, Ȗȕ
ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ ȌȘȈȒȖȕț șȗȈșȚȐ
ȍȋȖ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȗȕ ȌȈȓ ȗȘȐȒȈȏ ȗȖȊȍșȐȚȤ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȌȘȈȒȖ-
ȕȈ ȕȈ ȉȈȏȈȘȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȏȖȘȕȖȔ șȚȖȓȉȍ ȖȚȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȓ Ǫȍȑ-ǿȍȕȈ
Ȑ ȊȣșȓȈȓ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑȏ ȌȊȖȘȞȈ

23
DzȖȋȌȈ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ ȊȍȟȍȘ, Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȔȍȓȈȕȝȖȓȐȟȍșȒȐ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕ.
ǵȖȟȤȦ Ȗȕ ȗȓȖȝȖ șȗȈȓ ǶȒȖȓȖ ȗȖȓțȕȖȟȐ ȖȉȍȏȋȓȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȌȘȈ-
ȒȖȕ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȓ ȗȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ș ȖȒȘȖȊȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ
— ǪȖȏȊȘȈȚȐ Ȕȕȍ ȎȐȏȕȤ — ȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ȗȕ — Ǻȣ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ Ȕȕȍ
ȍȍ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȤ ǰȌȍȔ ȘȈȏȉȍȘȍȔ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȗȘȍȌ șțȌȖȔ ȈȌȈ
ǫȖȊȖȘȧ ȥȚȖ Ȗȕ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ Ǻ’Ȉȑ-ȟțȕȈ ȕȍȔȖȋȖ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ ȒțȗȈȊ-
ȠȈȋȖșȧ Ȋ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȔ ȗȖȚț
ǰȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȗȘȖȉțȌȐȓșȧ ș ȒȘȐȒȖȔ
— ǯȌȍșȤ ȍșȚȤ ǫțȑ * ǯȌȍșȤ ȍșȚȤ ǫțȑ
ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȗȕ țȗȈȓ Ȋ ȉȘȍȌț ǮȍȕȡȐȕȣ Ȑ ȍȊȕțȝȐ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋ țȎȈ-
șȍ ǸȈȕȖ țȚȘȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ, ȧȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋșȍ ȊȣșȠȐȍ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ.
ǶȕȐ ȎȌȈȓȐ ȌȖȓȋȖ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȐȔ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȊȊȐȌț ȉȖȓȍȏ-
ȕȐ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ ȈțȌȐȍȕȞȐȧ ȖȚȓȖȎȍȕȈ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ
ȊȘȍȔȧ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȘȐȞȈ ȗȘȐȏȊȈȓȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȊȘȈȟȍȑ ȌȊȖȘȞȈ ǪȣșȠȐȍ
ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ ș ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȍȔ ȌȖȎȐȌȈȓȐșȤ Ȑȝ ȊȣȝȖȌȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȘȈș-
șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȚȤ Ȑȝ
— ǷțȓȤș ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȊȣȠȍȕȕȣȑ — șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȊȘȈ-
ȟȐ — Ƕȕ ȉȘȍȌȐȚ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ țȊȐȌȍȓ ǫțȧ ȅȚȖ ȖȗȈșȕȖ ǿȍ-
Șȍȏ șȍȔȤ Ȍȕȍȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȐȚ ȓȐ Ȗȕ
ȅȚȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȗȓȖȝȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȊȍșȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȗȖȓȖȝ șȘȍȌȐ ȊȣșȠȐȝ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȊ ǵȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖșȓȍ Ǻ’Ȉȑ-ȟțȕ
ȗȘȐȏȊȈȓ ǹȦ-ȔȈȒțȕȈ ǺȏȐy-ȠțȗȈȖ Ȑ ǻȟ’ȥȑ-ȒȐȕȚȍȧ
— ǬȖȘȖȋȐȍ ȌȘțȏȤȧ —șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ș țșȐȓȐȍȔ—ȇ ȊȖȍȊȈȓ Ȋ
ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ -ȚȐ ȓȍȚ Ȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ǵȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ
ȧ ȐȔȍȦ ȌȍȓȖ ș ǫțȑ
— ǩțȌȤȚȍ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǺȏȐȕ-ȠțȗȈȖ — ȉțȌțȡȍȑ
ȕȖȟȤȦ ǻȟ’ȥȑ-ȒȐȕȚȍȑ Ȑ ȧ Ȕȣ ȖȉȈ ȉțȌȍȔ ȊȈș ȖȝȘȈȕȧȚȤ ȅȚȖȚ
ǫțȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȕȈȝȈȓ ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȊȖȚȘȍȚșȧ
— ǹȗȈșȐȉȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȖȉȈ șȔȍȓȤȟȈȒȈ șȚȈȓȐ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȚȤ
ȌȊȖȘȍȞ Ȋ ȗȣȠȕȣȝ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ ȔțȕȌȐȘȈȝ, ȖȌȐȕ — ș ȗȈȓȐȞȍȑ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȑ — ș ȚȖȗȖȘȖȔ ǶȕȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȕȖȟȤȦ Ȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȈ-
ȚȖȘ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȖȚȌȖȝȕțȓ ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ǻ’Ȉȑ-ȟțȕ ȗȖȉȓȈȋȖ-
ȌȈȘȐȓ ȌȊțȝ ȝȘȈȉȘȍȞȖȊ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȑȝ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȚȤ șȓțȎȐȚȤ ȍȔț
ȒȈȎȌțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ǵȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ Ȗȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȐȔ
* Ƚɭɣ — ɱɟɪɬ ɞɭɯ

24
— ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȉȣȚȤ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȕȍ țȚȖȔȐȚȍșȤ ȚȈ-
ȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȌȖș-
ȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȡȐȚȐȚȤ.
Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈȗȐșȈȚȤ ȥȚȐȝ ȌȊțȝ ȊȍȘȕȣȝ șȈȕȖȊȕȐȒȖȊ ȚȈ-
ȒȐȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȍșȚȤ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ș ȍȋȖ ȗȈȓȐȞȍȑ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ș ȍȋȖ ȚȖ-
ȗȖȘȖȔ ǶȉȈ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȊȍȠȍȕȣ ȗȖ ȖȉȍȐȔ șȚȖȘȖ-
ȕȈȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȊȖȘȖȚ ȌȊȖȘȞȈ ǺȐȠȐȕȈ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈ ȞȈȘșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȖȉȈ ȝȘȈȉȘȍȞȈ ȓȐȟȕȖ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȎȍ
ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȕȖȟȤȦ ǫțȑ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȏȈȌ-
ȕȦȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȞȍ ȅȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȠțȔ ǩțȘȕȖ
ȗȖȒȈȚȐȓȐșȤ ȒȐȘȗȐȟȐ ȗȖȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȠȚțȒȈȚțȘȒȈ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ.
ǹȦ-ȔȈȒțȕ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘț ȌȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȖȝȘȈȕț ȥȚȖȑ
ȌȊȍȘȐ Ǫȍȑ-ȟȍȕț ǹ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȖȕȈ șȚȈȓȈ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȈ ȒȈȒ
ȊȖȘȖȚȈ șȕȈȘțȎȐ ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȍ ȕȖȟȐ
șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ țȝțȌȠȐȓȖșȤ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȘȐȞȈ
șȖȉȘȈȓȈ ȊȣșȠȐȝ șȈȕȖȊȕȐȒȖȊ ȟȚȖȉȣ țȏȕȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ ǰȔ-
ȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȐȔ Ȋ ȕȈșȓȍȌȕȐȒȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȣȕȈ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȍȋȖ
țȔȣȓȐ ȖȌȍȓȐ Ȑ șȚȈȓȐ ȎȌȈȚȤ ȒȖȕȞȈ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ǫȍȑ-ȟȍȕ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘț ȗȐșȤȔȖ
— ǩȍȘȐȚȍ ȥȚȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȍȔț. — ȇ ȐȔȍȦ Ȋ ȈȌț ȌȘțȋȈ Ƕȕ
ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ǺȏȖȑ-ȒȦ. Ƕȕ șȓțȎȐȓ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȊȈȠȍȔț ȖȚȞț Ǻȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ Ȋ ȈȌț Ǵȣ ș ȕȐȔ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȝ ȖȚȕȖ-
ȠȍȕȐȧȝ ǷȍȘȍȌȈȑȚȍ ȍȔț ȥȚȖ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ Ȑȏ ȌȘțȎ-
ȉȣ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȗȕ ȕȈȑȌȍȚ șȗȖșȖȉ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤ ȊȈș ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ
Ǻ’Ȉȑ-ȟțȕ Ȋȏȧȓ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ șȊȖȑ ȘțȒȈȊ Ȑ șȒȖȕ-
ȟȈȓșȧ
ǭȔț ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȊȣȍȝȈȓ Ȑȏ ȌȊȖȘȞȈ Ȋ ȒȈȘȍȚȍ ȕȈ
ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȖȝȖȚț ǯȈȚȍȔ șȘȍȌȐ ȟȐșȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȧ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȍȏȌ ȕȍ-
ȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ƕȕ ȉȘȖȌȐȓ ȖȌȐȕ ȗȍȠȒȖȔ, șȘȍȌȐ Ȋȣ-
șȖȒȖȑ ȚȘȈȊȣ Ȑ țȎȍ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤșȧ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȋȖȓȖș ȒȘȐȒ-
ȕțȓ ȍȔț
—ǰȌȐȚȍ șȦȌȈ
Ǻ¶Ȉȑ-ȟțȕ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ ț ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȗȘȖ-
șȐȓ ȐȏȊȐȕȍȕȐȧ ȟȚȖ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȎȌȈȚȤ
— DzȚȖ Ȋȣ ȚȈȒȖȑ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ
— ȇ ȗȖșȓȈȕ șțȌȤȍȑ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȚȘȐȉțȕȈȓȈ — ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȣȏȊȈȚȤ
ȊȈș ȕȈ șțȌ ȗȖ Ȍȍȓț ȌȘȈȒȖȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț Ȋȣ ȖȉȍȡȈȓȐ șȖȝȘȈ-
ȕȐȚȤ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȒȈȏȕȍȕ

25
— DzȈȒ ȊȈȠȍ ȐȔȧ"—șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ǻ’Ȉȑ-ȟțȕ
— ȇ ȉȣȓ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȚȖȚ — ǺȏȖȑ-ȒȦ ȕȈ șȓțȎȉȍ
ț ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ șȊȧȏȈȕ ș ȈȌșȒȐȔ ȚȘȐȉțȕȈȓȖȔ
— ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ ȗȐșȤȔȖ Ȍȓȧ ȊȈș — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ǻ’Ȉȑ-ȟțȕ
șȖȊșȍȔ țșȗȖȒȖȍȕȕȣȑ — ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȖȚ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȌȘțȋȈ Ǫȍȑ-ȟȍȕȈ
— Ȑ Ȗȕ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ ȗȐșȤȔȖ Ȑȏ ȘțȒȈȊȈ
ǺȏȖȑ-ȒȦ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȗȐșȤȔȖ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ǷȖșȓȍ Ȋșȍȝ
Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȝ ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȒȖȔȗȓȐȔȍȕȚȖȊ, Ǫȍȑ-ȟȍȕ ȗȘȖșȐȓ ǺȏȖȑ-
ȒȦ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ Ȑȝ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȑ ȌȘțȎȉȣ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖȍ
Ȋ ȗȖȓȤȏț ȍȋȖ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ Ǻ’Ȉȑ-ȟțȕȈ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ
ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȝ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȑ
— ǵȍ ȉȍcȗȖȒȖȑȚȍșȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǺȏȖȑ-ȒȦ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖ —
ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ Ǫȍȑ-ȟȍȕ ȖȉȍȏȋȓȈȊȐȓ ȌȘȈȒȖȕȈ Ȑ ȏȈ ȌȍȓȖ ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ,
ȟȚȖ ȔȖȋț ȊȈȔ ȖȉȍȡȈȚȤ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȊȍȘȕȍȚȍșȤ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȋȘțȗȗȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ ȗȈȘȕȍȑ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ
șȖ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȈȔȐ. ǶȕȐ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ Ǻ’Ȉȑ-ȟțȕț
— ǰȌȍȔȚȍ Ȓ ǰȍȕ-ȊȈȕț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȈș ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȈȍȚ
ǶȕȐ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ ȒȈȒ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ șȍȔȐ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȝ ȐȍȘȖȋȓȐȜȈȝ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȊȣȠȐ-
ȕȍ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȘȖȚȈȔȐ Ǻ’Ȉȑ-ȟțȕ ȉȣȓ ȊȊȍȌȍȕ ș ȘȈșȗțȡȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȏȕȈ-
ȔȍȕȈȔȐ ǵȈ țȓȐȞȍ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȕ șȊȖȐȔ ȖȚȞȖȔ dzȐ-ȦȈ-
ȕȖȔ șȒȐȕțȚȣȔ ȐȔ ș ȗȘȍșȚȖȓȈ
 Ȑ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȌȊțȔȧ ȉȘȈȚȤȧȔȐ
DzȐȍȕ-ȟȍȕȖȔ Ȑ Ȇȥȕ-ȟȐ țȉȐȚȣȔȐ ȐȔ
 ǺȏȖȑ-ȒȦ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ
ȗȖȏȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǫțȧ ș ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȖȕȐ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȈ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȌȊȖȘȍȞ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ Ȍȍ-
șȧȚȤ ȗȘȐșȧȎȕȣȝ ǬȍșȧȚȤ șțȌȍȑ ȈȌȈ ȊȣȠȓȐ ȍȔț ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț Ȑ
ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓȐ ȍȔț ȗȖȑȚȐ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȏȈȓț Ǻ’Ȉȑ-ȟțȕ Ȑȏ-
ȊȐȕȐȓșȧ
— ȇ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐȊȍȌȍȕ ȕȈ șțȌ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȌȈȚȤ ȖȚȟȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȔȖȋț
ȐȌȚȐ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȔȖȐȝ șțȌȍȑ" — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ
ǵȖ șțȌȤȐ ȚȈȒ ȕȈșȚȈȐȊȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȊȣȕțȎȌȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȐȌȚȐ
ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ Ȑȝ Ȑ ȏȈȕȧȚȤ ȗȖȟȍȚȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ǯȈȚȍȔ șțȌȤȧ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ
ȚȘȐȉțȕȈȓȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ș ȔȍșȚȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ
— ǬȘȈȒȖȕ ȘȍȒȐ DzȐȕ ȗȘȐȕȍș ȎȈȓȖȉț ȕȈ ȊȈș Ƕȕ țȚȊȍȘȎ-
ȌȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȍȋȖ țȉȐȓȐ ȊȖȗȘȍȒȐ ȌȈȕȕȖȔț ȊȈȔȐ șȓȖȊț
— ǪȖȚ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȖ ȍșȚȤ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ǻ’Ȉȑ-ȟțȕ — DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȍȔț Ȗȉȍ-
ȡȈȓ șȗȈșȚȐ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ǵȍȉȖ ȖșțȌȐȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȒȈȏȕȤ

27
țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȠțȔ ȒȈȏȕȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȗȘȍȌȈȊȈȍȔȣȝ ȒȈȏȕȐ ǯȈ-
ȚȍȔ ȋȘțȗȗȈ ȈȌșȒȐȝ șȗțȚȕȐȒȖȊ-ǫțȑ, ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȈ-
ȔȐ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓȈșȤ ȍȔț ȟȚȖȉȣ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȓ ȔȖșȚț
Ƕȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȔȖșȚ Ȑȏ ȏȖȓȖȚȈ ȔȖșȚ Ȑȏ șȍȘȍȉȘȈ ȔȖșȚ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȐȑ
ȊȝȖȌȣ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȗțȚȍȑ șȍȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ǷȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖ-
Ƞȍȓ ȔȖșȚ Ȑȏ ȏȖȓȖȚȈ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȊȖȘȖȚȈ ȋȖ-
ȘȖȌȈ șȈȔȖțȉȐȑȞ Ȑ țȉȐȚȣȝ ǺȈȔ ȍȋȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȈ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ǵȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȌȈȓȐșȤ ȋȖȓȖșȈ
— dzȐ-ȠȍȑȔȐȕ ǪȖȚ dzȐ-ȠȍȑȔȐȕ ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ ȐȔȧ ȐȔȗȍ-
ȘȈȚȖȘȈ
ǺȖȓȗȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȖȊ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȐșȒȈȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ȍȔț
ȌȖȘȖȋț ȌțȠȐ șȖȓȌȈȚ țȉȐȚȣȝ Ȋ ȊȖȑȕȈȝ ȌțȠȐ ȒȈȏȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈ
șȔȍȘȚȤ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏț Ǫșȍ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ
— ǪȖȏȊȘȈȚȐ Ȕȕȍ ȎȐȏȕȤ — Ȑ șȚȈȘȈȓȐșȤ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ
— ǷȖȔȖȋȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ — ȗȘȖșȐȓ Ǻ’Ȉȑ-ȟțȕ șȊȖȐȝ ȌȊțȝ ȗȘȖȊȖȌ-
ȕȐȒȖȊ
— ǵȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȐ ȖȕȐ, — ȕȈȌȖ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ș
ȕȐȔȐ Ȑ ȒțȗȐȚȤ ț ȕȐȝ ȗȘȖȝȖȌ
— ȇ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓ ș șȖȉȖȦ — șȚȖȕȈȓ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ
— ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȐȚ ȕȈș — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǺȏȖȑ-ȒȦ — Ȋȣ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ
ȖȚșȦȌȈ ȌȈȚȤ ȘȈșȗȐșȒț ȕȈ ȐȔȧ ȈȌșȒȖȋȖ ȉȈȕȒȐȘȈ ǹȐȈȕ-ȓȍȈȕȈ
Ȑȏ ǽȍȑ-ȕȈȕȈ.
— ǶȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ Ȑ ȗȖȌȗȐșȈȓ ȘȈș-
ȗȐșȒț
ǺȖȋȌȈ ǺȏȖȑ-ȒȦ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ ș ȘȍȟȤȦ Ȓ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȈȔ
— ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȕȈș ȗȘȖȗțșȚȐȚȍ Ȋȣ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȐȔȍȚȤ ȒȍȠȐ ȔȍȌ-
ȕȣȍ ȔȖȕȍȚȣ
 ǿȈș ȔȡȍȕȐȧ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ Ǻ’Ȉȑ-ȟțȕ ȌȖȓ-
Ȏȍȕ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ƕȕ ȊȈȔ țșȓțȎȐȚ ȚȈȔ.
ǻȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȕȣȍ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȣ țșȚțȗȐȓȐ ȌȖȘȖȋț
ǹȈȔȖ șȖȉȖȦ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ, ȟȚȖ Ǻ’Ȉȑ-ȟțȕ țșȒȖȘȐȓ ȠȈȋȐ ǵȈ-
ȒȖȕȍȞ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȉȣȓ șȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȗȖȗțȚȟȐȒȈȔȐ Ȓ ȒȖȓȍșț ȗȍȘȍșȍ-
ȓȍȕȐȧ ȌțȠ
— ǷȘȖȡȈȑȚȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț ǺȏȖȑ-ȒȦ — ȕȍ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȑȚȍ ȊȈȠ
ȌȖȓȋ — Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȣȝ ȓȐȟȕȖ-
șȚȍȑ
ǰȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘț ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȕȐȒ ǿț ȗȖ-
șȈȌȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȒȖȕȧ ǶȌȕȐȔ ȊȏȔȈȝȖȔ ȒȖȕȤ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ ȍȋȖ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍ-
ȋț ȘȍȒȐ Ǫȍȑ ȊȉȓȐȏȐ șȚȖȓȐȞȣ
 DzȖȋȌȈ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ-

28
șȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȣȚȤ ȘȍȒț ǿț ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ
— ǷȘȐȠȍȓ ȟȈș șȒȖȘȍȍ.. — Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȊȖȌț
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋ șȚȖȓȐȞȍ ǿȈȕ-ȕȈȕ șȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ Ȋșȍ ȊȣșȠȐȍ
șȈȕȖȊȕȐȒȐ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒȐȍ Ȑ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȖȊȍȡȈȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒ
ȊȖȌȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȘȍșȚȖȓ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȕȞȈ
— ǷȖȌȖȎȌȐȚȍ ȍȡȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ǫȍȑ-ȟȍȕ — ȌțȠȈ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȋȖș-
ȗȖȌȐȕȈ, ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȊȍȘȕȍȚșȧ
— ǿȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȋȖ" — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋȐȍ. — ǸȈȏȊȍ ȗȖ-
șȓȖȊȐȞȈ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȟȚȖ «ȗȘȖȓȐȚȈȧ ȊȖȌȈ ȕȍ șȖȉȐȘȈȍȚșȧ Ȉ
țȠȍȌȠȈȧ ȌțȠȈ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ»?..
ǹȗȖȘ ȘȈȏȋȖȘȧȟȐȓșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȑȏ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȋȘȖȉȈ ȗȖș-
ȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȒȘȐȒ
— ȇ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȦșȤ ȇ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȦșȤ — ȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ǻ’Ȉȑ-ȟțȕ.
Ǫ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ țȎȈș ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȊ Ȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȑ ǴȕȖȋȐȍ țȉȍȎȈȓȐ ǫțȕ ǻȟȍȑ-ȒȐȕȚȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȣȓ ȝȘȈȉ-
Șȍȍ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȗȖșȚțȟȈȓ Ȋ ȋȘȖȉ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ
— ǩțȌȤȚȍ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣ ǵȍ ȗțȋȈȑȚȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǹȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȟȍȋȖ
ȊȈȔ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȍȚ Ȑ ȊȈȔ ȌȈȌțȚ
— ȇ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȦșȤ — ȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ǻ’Ȉȑ-ȟțȕ.
— Ǫȣ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȊȍȌȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȊȖșȒȘȍș — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ǫȍȑ-ȟȍȕ Ȑ,
șȝȊȈȚȐȊ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚ șȉȘȖșȐȓ ȒȘȣȠȒț ș ȋȘȖȉȈ
— ȇ ȌȣȠț — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ǻ’Ȉȑ-ȟțȕ, țșȍȊȠȐșȤ. — DzȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ șȗȈș"
— Ǵȣ Ȋșȍ — ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓȐ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȟȕțȊ-
ȠȐȍșȧ ȗȖșȓȍ țȎȈșȈ
— DzȈȒȖȍ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ — șȚȖȕȈȓ Ǻ’Ȉȑ-ȟțȕ. — ȇ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ
ȉȣȓ ȉȣȚȤ ȘȈȏȘțȉȓȍȕ ȕȈ ȒțșȒȐ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȈȔȐ ȇ ȔȖȋ țȚȖȕțȚȤ Ȋ
Ǫȍȑ
Ǫȍȑ-ȟȍȕ ȗȖȏȊȈȓ ȊȘȈȟȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȈȓȐ ȍȔț țșȗȖȒȈȐȊȈȦ-
ȡȐȍ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȍȔț ȌȈȓȐ ȗȐȡț ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȐ
ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ ǩȣȓ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȒȈȒ ȊȣȠȓȈ
ȍȋȖ ȌțȠȈ ǰȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘșȒȐȑ ȌȊȖȘ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ șȕȧȚȤ ȚȘȈțȘ
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȋșȍ șȈȕȖȊȕȐȒȐ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȐȔȗȍ-
ȘȈȚȖȘșȒȖȑ ȈțȌȐȍȕȞȐȐ ǹȐȌȧ ȕȈ ȚȘȖȕȍ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ
ȐȔ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ș ȕȐȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȏȈ Ȋșȍ ȚȘȐ Ȍȕȧ ȍȋȖ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȧ
ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȗȕ ȌȈȓ șȊȖȉȖȌț ȔȕȖȋȐȔ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈȔ ȋȈȘȍȔȈ ȗȖȔȐȓȖ-
ȊȈȓ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȖșțȎȌȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈ ȒȈȏȕȤ țȊȍȡȍȊȈȓ ȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȖȔ ȖșȖ-
ȉȈȋȖ țȒȈȏȈ șȊȖȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȊȍșȚȐ șȍȉȧ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ǻȟȍȑ-
ȒȐȕȚȍȦ ȐȌȚȐ Ȋ ǽȍȑ-ȕȈȕ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȐȚȤ șȌȍȓȒț ș ȉȈȕȒȐ-

29
ȘȖȔ ǹȐȈȕ-ȓȍȈȕ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȗȘȈ-
ȊȐȚȤ ȌȣȕȐ șțȌȤȧȔ ȈȌȈ
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȔȐ ȌȕȧȔȐ ȗȖȏȎȍ ȕȍȒȐȑ dzȦ-ȟțȈȕ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓ-
șȧ Ȍȓȧ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȐȧ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȝȘȈȉ-
Șȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȖȟȍȕȤ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȑ ǶȚȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȊȣȘțȋȈȓ șȊȖȦ
Ȏȍȕț dzȐ-ȟȖȍȓȐȍȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȖȚȌȈȓȈ șȊȖȐ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȉȖȕ-
ȏȍ șȖȉȐȘȈȚȍȓȦ ȔȐȓȖșȚȣȕȐ ȚȈ ȗȖȊȍșȐȓȈșȤ ǭȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ Ȍȍ-
ȚȐ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȓȈȒȈȓȐ Ȑ dzȦ-ȟțȈȕ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȖȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ
ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ǻȏȕȈȊ ȟȚȖ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ ȐȡȍȚ ȗȖșȘȍȌȕȐȒȈ Ȍȓȧ ȈȌȈ
Ȗȕ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ șȍȉȧ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐȕȧȚ Ȋȏȧȓ ȒȖȘȏȐȕț ȌȣȕȤ ȕȈ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊț ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȗȘȐȒȈȏ Ȑ ȗȘȖȋȖȕȕȣȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȊ Ȑ ȖȚȘȈ-
ȊȐȓșȧ ǵȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȏȎȍ ȍȋȖ ȌțȠȈ ș ȌȣȕȧȔȐ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȉȣȓȈ Ȓ ȊȖȘȖȚȈȔ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ
— DzȚȖ ȚȈȔ" — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ șȚȘȈȎȈ
— ǬȣȕȐ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ Ǻ’Ȉȑ-ȟțȕȈ Ȍȓȧ ȌȍșȧȚȐ șțȌȍȑ — ȖȚ-
ȊȍȚȐȓ dzȦ-ȟțȈȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕ ș ȗȖȟȍ-
șȚȧȔȐ Ƕȕ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓ șȊȖȐ ȌȣȕȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȈȏ
ǹțȌȤȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣ Ȑ ȘȈșȝȊȈȓȐȊȈȓȐ Ǻ’Ȉȑ-ȟțȕȈ
ȗȖȓȕȣȔȐ ȘȚȈȔȐ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȖȕȐ șȗȘȖșȐȓȐ dzȦ-ȟțȈȕȈ, ȒȚȖ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ Ȑ
ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȅȚȖȚ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȎȍȕȈ ȗȖȊȍșȐȓȈșȤ, ȟȚȖ
ȍȋȖ ȌȍȚȐ ȗȓȈȒȈȓȐ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
— Ǵȣ Țȍȉȧ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȖȚȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȚȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓȐ șțȌȤȐ Ȑ
ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȌțȠț ȍȋȖ Ȏȍȕȣ ǪșȚȘȍȟȈ ȌȊțȝ șțȗȘțȋȖȊ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȘȖȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ șțȌȤȐ ȗȘȖșȓȍȌȐȓȐ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠțȦ ȒȕȐȋț Ȑ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȟȚȖ șțȌȤȉȈ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȐȓȈ ȐȔ ȖȉȖȐȔ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȖȓȋțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȘțȟȐȓȐ ȈȌșȒȖȔț ȚȍȓȖȝȘȈ-
ȕȐȚȍȓȦ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ
— ǷțșȚȤ ȌțȠȈ dzȦ-ȟțȈȕȈ ȊȖȑȌȍȚ Ȋ ȍȋȖ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȚȘțȗ
— ȍȡȍ șȊȍȎȐȑ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǰȥȕ-ǪȈȕ* ȚȍȓȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȍȓȦ — Ȉ Ȍț-
ȠȈ ȍȋȖ Ȏȍȕȣ ȟȍȑ ȚȘțȗ șȖȊșȍȔ ȘȈȏȓȖȎȐȓșȧ ȗțșȚȤ ȊȖȑȌȍȚ Ȋ
ȚȍȓȖ ȔȓȈȌȠȍȑ șȍșȚȘȣ Ǻ’Ȉȑ-ȟțȕȈ Ȍȓȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȏȊȖȕȐȓ țȎȍ
ȟȈș
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȚȍȓȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȍȓȤ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȏȈȉȘȈȊ ș
șȖȉȖȦ Ȗȉȍ ȌțȠȐ
ǬțȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȓȍȌȧȕȖȋȖ ȊȍȚȘȈ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȚȘȍȝ Ȋ șȚȖȓȐ-
Ȟț ǿȈȕ-ȕȈȕ. ǺȍȓȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȍȓȤ Ȋșțȕțȓ ȌțȠț dzȦ-ȟțȈȕȈ Ȋ ȍȋȖ șȖȉ-
* ɋɬɚɪɲɢɣ ɫɭɞɶɹ

30
șȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ șȊȍȎȍȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȏȈȚȍȔ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȕȐȒ ș ȌțȠȖȑ dzȐ-ȟȖȍȓȐȍȕ
Ȋ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘșȒȖȍ ȎȍȕșȒȖȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȌȊȖȘȞȈ ǺȈȔ ȕȍȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȕȕȖ țȗȈȓȈ șȍșȚȘȈ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ dzȐ-Ȇȕ ǺȍȓȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȍȓȤ ȈȌȈ
ȊȣȘȊȈȓ ț ȕȍȍ ȌțȠț Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȌțȠț dzȐ-ȟȖȍ-
ȓȐȍȕ
ǪȍșȤ ȋȈȘȍȔ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȐ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ șȈȔȖ
șȖȉȖȦ Ǫșȍ șȚȖȓȗȐȓȐșȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȒȕȧȎȕȣ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȐ Ȓ ȐȔȗȍ-
ȘȈȚȘȐȞȍ șȖȖȉȡȐȓȐ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘț ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ
— Ǵȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȋ ȈȌț ȟȚȖ ȍȍ șțȌȤȉȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȍȊȈȎȕȈȧ
ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȗȖȕȍȔȕȖȋț ȒȕȧȎȕȈ șȚȈȓȈ ȌȣȠȈȚȤ.
— ǵȍ ȗȓȈȟȤȚȍ! — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈȔ. — ǶȕȈ ȊȖȏ-
ȊȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȍ ȉȖȑȚȍșȤ
ǰ, ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȓ ȒȕȧȎȕȍ Ȗȕ Ȋȏȧȓ ȍȍ ȏȈ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȒȘȐȒ-
ȕțȓ
— ǷȘȖșȕȐșȤ șȍșȚȘȈ ȗȘȖșȕȐșȤ
— dzȦ-ȟțȈȕ — ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ ȒȕȧȎȕȧ — ȕȍ ȉȍȋȐ ȚȈȒ șȒȖȘȖ
ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț Țȍȉȧ ȌȖȋȕȈȚȤ
— ǶȕȈ ȉȘȍȌȐȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ — ǹȍșȚȘȈ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȐ,
ȥȚȖ Ȕȣ
DzȕȧȎȕȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ
— DzȚȖ Ȋȣ ȚȈȒȐȍ" ǶșȚȈȊȤȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ
— ȇ ȊȈȠ ȉȘȈȚ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ǻ’Ȉȑ-ȟțȕ — țșȗȖȒȖȑ-
ȚȍșȤ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ— șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȒȕȧȎȕȈ — Ǵȍȕȧ ȏȖȊțȚ dzȐ-ȟȖȍȓȐȍȕ.
ǴȖȍȋȖ ȔțȎȈ ȏȖȊțȚ dzȐ-ȟțȈȕ ȇ ȐȔȍȦ ȌȊȖȐȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ ǪȖȚ țȎȍ
ȚȘȐ ȔȍșȧȞȈ, ȒȈȒ ȧ ȗȖȊȍșȐȓȈșȤ ȗȖșȓȍ șșȖȘȣ ș ȔȖȐȔ ȔțȎȍȔ Ǫ
ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȐ ȖȚ ȗȓȈȟȈ ȌȊțȝ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ șȐȘȖȚ ȔȖȑ ȔțȎ ȖȚȕȍș Ȋ
ȈȌ ȌȣȕȐ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ ǰȍȕ-ǪȈȕ ȕȈș ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ ȊȍȘȕțȓ ȕȈ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȦ ǴȖȑ ȔțȎ Ƞȍȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȇ ȕȍ țșȗȍȊȈȓȈ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ.
Ǫ ȗȖȋȖȕȍ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȧ țȗȈȓȈ ǶșȚȈȊȤȚȍ ȓțȟȠȍ ȔȖȦ ȘțȒț ȋȘțȉȣȑ,
ȕȍțȒȓȦȎȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ
— ǶȕȈ ș țȔȈ șȖȠȓȈ" — șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ Ǻ’Ȉȑ-ȟțȕ Ȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ ȊȘȈȟȍȑ.
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ ȍȔț șȖȖȉȡȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ dzȦ-ȟțȈȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȖ-
ȋȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȓȈȓ Ȋ ȈȌ ș ȌȣȕȧȔȐ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȐȚ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ
ȍȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ ȖȚȟȍȚ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȐȐ ǶȠȍȓȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȑ
Ǻ’Ȉȑ-ȟțȕ ȌȈȓ ȍȔț ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȈțȌȐȍȕȞȐȦ.

31
— ȇ ȖȚȕȍș ȌȣȕȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ dzȦ-ȟțȈȕ. — ǹțȌȤȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ
ȔȕȖȋȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȋȖ ȗȘȖ ȊȈș Ȑ ȗȖȘțȟȐȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȚȤ ȊȈș
ǯȈ ȔȖȑ ȚȘțȌ ȖȕȐ Ȕȕȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȓȐ ȔȖȦ Ȏȍȕț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖȒȖȕ-
ȟȐȓȈ șȈȔȖțȉȐȑșȚȊȖȔ ȇ ȍȍ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ Ȋ ȗțȚȐ ǬȖȓȎȕȈ Ȏȍ șȖ
ȔȕȖȦ șȓțȟȐȚȤșȧ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȉȍȌȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ Ȗȕ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȊșȦ
ȗȘȈȊȌț
— ǵȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȓȐ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ǰȍȕ-ǪȈȕ ȗȖ ȗȖȊȖȌț Țȍȓ ȚȊȖȍȑ
Ȏȍȕȣ Ȑ ȔȖȍȑ șȍșȚȘȣ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ ȍȋȖ
— Ƕȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȚȍȓȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȍȓȦ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȘȖȌȍ — ȖȚȊȍ-
ȚȐȓ ȚȖȚ
— ǰȌȍȔ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ dzȦ-ȟțȈȕȈ Ȋ ȋȈ-
ȘȍȔǭȡȍ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ ȖȕȐ țșȓȣȠȈȓȐ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȒȕȧȎȕȣ ȉȖȘȖȊȠȍȑșȧ
ș ȊȘȈȟȈȔȐ
— ǶșȚȈȊȤȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȗȖȒȖȍ ș ȊȈȠȐȔȐ ȓȍȒȈȘșȚȊȈȔȐ Ǵȕȍ
țȎ ȕȈȌȖȍȓ ȊȍșȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȠțȔ ȇ ȗȖȓțȟț ȎȍȓȚțȝț Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȒȖȔȕȈ-
ȚȈȝ ȋȌȍ Ȋșȍ ȎȍȓȚȖ ǰȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘșȒȐȑ ȞȊȍȚ.
 ǬȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤ-
șȧ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȧ țșȗȖȒȖȦșȤ ǶȚȗțșȚȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ǶȚȗțșȚȐȚȍ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧǫȈȘȍȔ ȉȣȓ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȚ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȌȕȖȔ Ǻ’Ȉȑ-ȟțȕ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ Ȋșȍ-
ȋȖ ȗȘȐȏȊȈȓ ȒȕȧȎȕț Ȓ cȖȏȕȈȕȐȦ
— ǻȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȓȐ Țȣ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȔțȎȈ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ ȍȍ
— ǻȏȕȈȦ ȓȐ?! — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ ȒȕȧȎȕȈ. — ǷȖșȓȍ șȚȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȓȍȚ
șȖȊȔȍșȚȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȍȔț ȌȈȓȈ ȌȊțȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ"
Ǻ’Ȉȑ-ȟțȕ ȗȖȏȊȈȓ dzȦ-ȟțȈȕȈ DzȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȕȧȎȕȈ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ
ȍȋȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ
— ǯȈȟȍȔ Țȣ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȚȈȒ șȒȖȘȖ" ǷȖȟȍȔț Țȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ
ȗȖȏȈȌȐ" ȇ țȗȈȓȈ ȅȚȐ ȋȘțȉȐȧȕȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ ǶȕȐ Ȕȕȍ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊț ȏȈȉȐȓȐ ȇ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ǪȖȏȤȔȐ Ȕȍȕȧ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȖȚ-
șȦȌȈ
ǵȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ țȎ dzȦ-ȟțȈȕ ȉȣȓ ȖȠȍȓȖȔȓȍȕ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȍȋȖ
ȎȍȕȈ dzȐ-ȟȖȍȓȐȍȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ș ȕȐȔ Ȋ ȓȐȞȍ ȒȕȧȎȕȣ
dzȐ-Ȧȕ
ǰȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ ȍȔț ȥȚȖȚ șȓț-
ȟȈȑ ȌȈȓ ȍȔț șȊȖȦ șȍșȚȘț ȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ Ȏȍȕț — ȒȈȒ
Ȋȣ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ — șȖ ȊșȍȔȐ țȉȖȘȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȈȘȧȌȈȔȐ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȐ Ȍȓȧ
ȕȍȍ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȐȔȐ ȗȖȉȓȈȎȒȈȔȐ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ

ǺȈȒ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓȈșȤ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ ș dzȦ-ȟțȈȕȖȔ Ȑ ȍȋȖ
ȌȣȕȧȔȐ ǵȈȔ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ș
ǻȟȍȑ-ȒȐȕȚȍȍȔ Ȋ ǽȍȑ-ȕȈȕȍ ǷȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȐșȒȈȓ
ȉȈȕȒȐȘȈ ǹȐȈȕ-ȓȍȈȕȈ Ȗȕ țȉȍȌȐȓșȧ, ȟȚȖ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȍșȚȤ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȐȕ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȖșȐȚ ȥȚȖ ȐȔȧ Ƕȕ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȓ
ȟȈȑȕțȦ ǭȋȖ ȎȍȕȈ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȈȓȈ ȜȈȧȕșȖȔ ǪȍșȤ Ȑȝ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȖȒ Ȟȍ-
ȓȐȒȖȔ țȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ țȗȓȈȚț ȉȖȕȏȈȔ ȏȈ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ Ȑ ȕȈ șȎȐȋȈȕȐȍ
ȉțȔȈȎȕȣȝ Ȍȍȕȍȋ Ȍȓȧ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ ǩȍȌȕȣȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȔȐȘȍ ȖȕȐ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȖȋȈȚȣ Ȋ ȈȌț, ȒțȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȔȍșȚȐȓȐ Ȋșȍ șȊȖȍ ȐȔțȡȍ-
șȚȊȖ DzȖȋȌȈ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘșȒȐȑ ȗȖșȓȈȕȕȐȒ ȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȖȒȘț-
Ȏȍȕȕȣȑ șȈȔȣȔȐ țȊȈȎȈȍȔȣȔȐ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ Ȑȏ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ ș ȗȖ-
ȊȖȏȒȖȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȈ Ȑ șȍȘȍȉȘȈ ȔțȎ Ȑ ȎȍȕȈ țȗȈȓȐ ȕȐȞ Ȑ ȉȐȓȐșȤ
ȓȉȈȔȐ Ȗ ȏȍȔȓȦ
— ǷȖȌȕȐȔȐȚȍșȤ — ȌȖȉȘȖȌțȠȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȐȔ ǻȟȍȑ-ȒȐȕȚȍȑ.
— ǰȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ ȊȈȠ ȌȖȓȎȕȐȒ ȗȖșȣȓȈȍȚ ȊȈȔ ȚȖ, ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȍȔț
ȖȌȖȓȎȐȓȐ
— DzȈȒ Ȕȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȖȌȈȓȎȐȊȈȚȤ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘț Ȕȣ, ț ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȝ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȚ" — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǹȐȈȕ-ȓȍȈȕ — DzȈȒ Ȕȣ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȧȚȤ ȊȈȠȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ Ȑ ȊȈȠȍ șȍȘȍȉȘȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȘȈȉȖ-
ȚȈȓȐ"
ǶȉȢȧșȕȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȈȌț ȗȘȍȌȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȕțȎȌț
ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤȋȈȝ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȊȖȏȕȈȋȘȈȌȐȚȤ ǹȐȈȕ-ȓȍȈȕȈ
Ȑ ȍȋȖ Ȏȍȕț ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȟȍȘȍȏ Ǻ’Ȉȑ-ȟțȕȈ ǵȖ ǻȟȍȑ-ȒȐȕȚȍȑ ȕȐȒȈȒ
ȕȍ ȔȖȋ țȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȑȝ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȖȌȐȕ ȒȍȠȤ Ȑȏ ȐȔȗȍ-
ȘȈȚȖȘșȒȈȋȖ ȒȓȈȌȈ ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȊȣȕțȎȌȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖșȓȈȚȤ ȒțȘȤȍȘȈ
Ȋ șȚȖȓȐȞț ȟȚȖȉȣ șȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ț Ǻ’Ȉȑ-ȟțȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȚȤ
ǸȈșȚȘȖȋȈȕȕȣȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȉȖȕȏȈȔ
ȥȚȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȘȍȌȒȖȑ ȗȈȘȖȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ țȗȖ-
ȚȘȍȉȐȚȤ Ȑȝ ȕȈ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȍ ȌȍȓȈ Ȍȓȧ ȐșȒțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ ǷȖ
ȥȚȖȔț șȓțȟȈȦ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȣșȚȘȖȍȕȈ Ȋ ǽȍȑ-ȕȈȕȍ DzȈȑ-ȜȖȕ-Ȝț
 ȗȈ-
ȋȖȌȈ ǹȐȈȕ-Ȓțșȍȑ ș ȍȍ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤȦ-ȗȈȔȧȚȕȐȒȖȔ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȔ
șțȗȘțȋȈȔ ǹȐȈȕ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȗȧȚȐȌȍșȧȚȐ ȉȓȐȎȕȐȔ ȗȘȍȌȒȈȔ ǯȊȍȏȌȈ
ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȕȖșȐȚ ȐȔȧ ǻȟȍȑ-ȒȐȕȚȍȧ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ Ǻ’Ȉȑ-ȟțȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȥȚȐ ȌȍȓȈ ȚȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ
ȏȈȒȖȕȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȌȖȊȖȓȍȕ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȓțȟȠȍ

33
ǴdzǾȀǰȉ ǿǼǹDzǮȀǮ
ǪȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȔ ȔȍșȧȞȍ  ȋȖȌȈ ȖȌȐȕ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȉȣȓ țȉȐȚ ȔȖȓ-
ȕȐȍȑ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȝȖȘȖȠȍȑ ȘȍȗțȚȈȞȐȍȑ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȐ
ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȣ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ șȚȈ-
Șȣȑ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȗȖȓȒȈ Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ
©ǵȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȓȍȚ ȥȚȖȚ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋȍȓ șȍȉȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ
țȎȍ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ, ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȝȖȌȈ Ȗȕ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓ
ȖȠȐȉȒț Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȔ
Ǫ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈȠ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ ȖȝȖȚȐȓșȧ ț ȗȖȌȕȖȎȤȧ ȋȖȘȣ ǽȈȖ-
Ǻȥȑ Ȑ ȗȈȓȈȚȒȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȊȉȓȐȏȐ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ Dz ȊȍȟȍȘț ȔȐȔȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȠȓȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȔȖȕȈȝȐȕȧ ǴȖȑ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓșȧ ȚȍȔ
ȟȚȖ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȉȣȓȖ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȖ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ȗȖȚȈȡȐȓ Ȋ ȗȈ-
ȓȈȚȒț Ȑ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȐȏȕȈșȐȓȖȊȈȚȤ ȍȍ
ǴȖȕȈȝȐȕȧ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȖ ȏȈȡȐȡȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȍȑ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȊȣȘȊȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȉȍȏ ȗȈȕȚȈȓȖȕ ȖșȚȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ț ȕȍȋȖ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ Ƕȕ ȗȖȋȕȈȓșȧ
ȏȈ ȕȍȑ ȕȖ ȔȖȕȈȝȐȕȧ țșȗȍȓȈ șȒȘȣȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȍȑ ȜȍȘȔȍ
ǴȖȑ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȈȏȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ
Ǫ ȜȍȘȔȍ ȋȌȍ ȔȖȕȈȝȐȕȧ ȐșȒȈȓȈ Ȍȓȧ șȍȉȧ ȗȘȐȦȚ ȕȈȝȖ-
ȌȐȓȈșȤ ȖȌȕȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ș ȘȍȉȍȕȒȖȔ ȔțȎ ȍȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ
Ȋȕȍ ȌȖȔȈ ǶȕȈ ȊȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȔȖȕȈȝȐȕȦ
ǵȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȚȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȍȑ șȊȖȍ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȍ Ȑ țȔȖȓȧȓȈ
ȗȘȐȦȚȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȕȈ ȕȖȟȤ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȚȘȖȕțȚȈȧ șȖșȚȘȈ-
ȌȈȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓȈ ȍȑ ȖșȚȈȚȤșȧ ȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȖȓȎȐȓȈ ȗȈȘț ȠȚȈ-
ȕȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȔȖȕȈȝȐȕȧ ȖȉȍȡȈȓȈ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȍȕȤ
ǵȈ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ ȔȖȕȈȝȐȕȧ țȠȓȈ
Ǫ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕȐȕ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȋȘȧȏ-
ȕȣȑ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓ ț Ȏȍȕȣ șȔȍȕț ȠȚȈȕȖȊ ǺȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈ ȗȓȈȚȧ-
ȕȖȑ șțȕȌțȒ Ȑ ȕȈȠȓȈ ȓȐȠȤ șȊȖȐ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ — ȠȚȈȕȖȊ Ȕț-
ȎȈ ȚȈȔ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǶȕȈ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȕȧȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȗȖ ȖȠȐȉȒȍ ȌȈȓȈ ȔȖ-
ȕȈȝȐȕȍ ȠȚȈȕȣ ȔțȎȈ ȊȔȍșȚȖ șȊȖȐȝ
ǵȖ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȖȕȈ țșȗȍȓȈ șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȔțȎȍȔ ȍȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ
— ǩȖȕȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȖȟȍȊȈȓ ȏȌȍșȤ țȕȍș Ȑȝ
DzȘȍșȚȤȧȕȐȕ ȕȈșȚȈȊȐȓ țȝȖ

— ǿȚȖ Țȣ ȚȈȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȠȤ"— șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ
— ǪȟȍȘȈ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȚȖȚ, — ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȔȖȕȈȝ* ǷȖ
ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖșȤȉȍ ȔȈȔȈ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȕȖȟȤ Ȑ ȌȈȓȈ ȍȔț ȠȚȈȕȣ
Ƕȕ țȠȍȓ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ
— ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȔȖȕȈȝ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȔȖȕȈȝȐȕȧ — ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȖȊȈ-
ȓȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ
ǴțȎ ȍȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓ Ƕȕ șȚȈȓ ȘțȋȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ ȐȏȉȐȓ Ȑ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ȗȖȏȖȘȍ șȖșȍȌȧȔ ǺȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȕȖ-
ȟȕȖȑ ȗȖȘȖȑ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȋ ȏȈȡȐȚț ȎȍȕȡȐ-
ȕȣǪ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȐ ȖȚ ȗȖȏȖȘȈ ȉȍȌȕȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȗȖȊȍșȐȓȈșȤ ǴțȎ
ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȋȘȖȉ
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗȕ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȔȖȕȈȝȐȕȧ
ȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȚȤ ȏȈ țșȓțȋț ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȊ ȠȚȈȕȣ
ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȒȖȘȏȐȕȖȑ ȗȐȘȖȎȒȖȊ dzȐȠȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ țȊȐȌȍȓ
ȍȍ Ȗȕ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ
— ǷȈȗȈ ȔȖȕȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȖȟȍȊȈȓ ȏȌȍșȤ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ
DzȘȍșȚȤȧȕȐȕ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȕȧȓ șȊȖȦ ȖȠȐȉȒț ǶȚ ȗȍȟȈȓȐ Ȗȕ șȖ-
Ƞȍȓ ș țȔȈ Ȑ țȉȐȓ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȘȖȉȖȔ ȍȋȖ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ǯȈȚȍȔ
Ȗȕ ȗȖȊȍșȐȓșȧ
ǹȖșȍȌȐ, ȟȚȖȉȣ ȐȏȉȍȎȈȚȤ șțȔȈȚȖȝȐ Ȑ ȘȈșȝȖȌȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
șȚȖȐȓȖ ȉȣ ȐȏȊȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȔȈȕȌȈȘȐȕȈ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȓȐ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ Ȋșȍ șȍ-
ȔȍȑșȚȊȖ ȖȚȞȈ ȔȈȚȤ Ȑ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ, Ȑ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȍ ȗȖȐșȒȐ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ
șȌȍȓȈȕȣ dzȐȠȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȋȖȌ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȕȈȠ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȖȝȖ-
ȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ Ȑ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȍȔț ȗȘȖ șȓțȟȐȊ-
Ƞȍȍșȧ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȐȍ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȇ ȉȣȓ ȍȌȐȕșȚ-
Ȋȍȕȕȣȑ ȏȕȈȊȠȐȑ ȊȐȕȖȊȕȐȒȈ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȈȓ ȍȋȖ Ȉ țȊȍȡȍȊȈȓ,
ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȐȓ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȇ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȓ, ȟȚȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȔ
ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍȔ Ȗȕ ȐșȒțȗȐȚ șȊȖȑ ȋȘȍȝ ǰ ȊȖȚ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȓȍȚ
ǵȍȉȖ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȖ ȍȋȖ ǵȍȓȤȏȧ ȐȏȉȍȋȕțȚȤ ǵȍȉȍșȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȖșț-
ȌȐȧª
* Ȼɨɧɡɚ — ɦɨɧɚɯ ȼ Ʉɢɬɚɟ ɦɨɧɚɯɢ ɢ ɦɨɧɚɯɢɧɢ ɛɨɧɡɵ ɢ ɛɨɧɡɟɫɫɵ
 ɩɨ-
ɱɬɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨ ɨɞɟɬɵ ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɬɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɛɪɟɸɬ ɝɨɥɨɜɵ Ɋɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɨɱɟɧɶ
ɥɟɝɤɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɲɢɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɦɨɧɚɯɢɧɸ ɡɚ ɦɨɧɚɯɚ

35
DZǼǿǽǼǴǮ «ȀǾdzȀȊȍ»
ǷȖȌ ǺȈȕȖȔ Ȓ ȏȈȗȈȌț ȖȚ DzȈȑ-Ȝțȕ-Ȝț șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȋȖș-
ȚȐȕȐȞȈ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȕȈȧ ©ǫȖșȚȐȕȐȞȈ Ȍȓȧ ȗȍȠȍȝȖȌȖȊª ǭȍ șȖȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȓȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȓȍȚ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȐ ȧȊȐȊȠȈȧșȧ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȖȚȒț-
ȌȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȗȘȖȏȊȈȓȐ ǫȖșȗȖȎȈ ǺȘȍȚȤȧ ǭȍ șȟȐȚȈȓȐ ȊȌȖȊȖȑ
ȉȍȏ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȉȍȏ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ ǫȖșȚȐȕȐȞȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ǽȖ-
ȏȧȑȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȖșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ, ȖȕȈ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȈ ȗȘȍȊȖș-
ȝȖȌȕȣȔ șȚȈȌȖȔ ȖșȓȖȊ ǶȕȈ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈ șȊȖȍȑ ȡȍȌ-
ȘȖșȚȤȦ DzȖȋȌȈ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒ ȕțȎȌȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤȋȈȝ ȖȕȈ șȖȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȗȓȈȚț Ȉ ȚȖ Ȑ șȖȊșȍȔ ȌȈȘȖȔ ǭȍ șȓȈȊȈ
ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ țșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȋȖșȚȐȕȐȞȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗț-
șȚȖȊȈȓȈ
Ǫ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ ǰțȈȕ-ȝțȖ -
 ȕȍȒȐȑ ǿȈȖ-ȒȐȝțȖ Ȑȏ ǽȍȑ-
ȕȈȕȈ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȋ șȚȖȓȐȞț ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȖșȚȈȕȖ-
ȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ©ǫȖșȚȐȕȐȞȍ Ȍȓȧ ȗȍȠȍȝȖȌȖȊª ȕȖȟȍȊȈȚȤ ǺȈȔ ȉȣȓȖ țȎȍ
ȠȍșȚȤ ȐȓȐ șȍȔȤ ȋȖșȚȍȑ ȏȈȕȧȊȠȐȝ ȗȖ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ Ȋ
Ȗȉȡȍȑ șȗȈȓȤȕȍ ǿȈȖ-ȒȐȝțȖ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȠȐȑ ȗȖȏȎȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȖȓț-
ȟȐȓ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȦȦ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ Ȋ țȋȓț ȗȘȖȚȐȊ șȚȍȕȣ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȋȓȍ
ȎȐȓȈ ȝȖȏȧȑȒȈ
ǺȘȍȚȤȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȈ ȋȖșȚȍȑ, ȗȖ șȊȖȍȔț ȖȉȣȒ-
ȕȖȊȍȕȐȦ DzȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȠȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚȌȣȝȈ ȖȕȈ ȌȈȓȈ ȐȔ ȊȐȕȈ Ȑ
șȈȔȈ ȊȣȗȐȓȈ ȏȈ Ȑȝ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍ dzȐȠȤ ǿȈȖ-ȒȐȝțȖ ȕȍ ȗȐȓ ȊȐȕȈ
ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ ȊȖȏȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȋȖșȚȐ
ȓȍȋȓȐ, ǺȘȍȚȤȧ ȊȖȠȓȈ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȏȈȒȘȣȓȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ ȗȖȚț-
ȠȐȓȈ șȊȍȟț
Ǫșȍ Ȋ șȗȈȓȤȕȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȝȘȈȗȍȓȐ ȕȖ ǿȈȖ-ȒȐȝțȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ țș-
ȕțȚȤ ǹȘȍȌȐ ȕȖȟȐ Ȗȕ țșȓȣȝȈȓ ȟȚȖ ǺȘȍȚȤȧ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȋ
șȊȖȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ Ƕȕ șȚȈȓ ȗȖȌșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȕȍȦ Ȋ ȡȍȓȒț șȚȍ-
ȕȣ ǶȕȈ ȏȈȎȋȓȈ șȊȍȟț Ȑ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓȈ Ȑȏ ȧȡȐȒȈ ȉȣȒȈ ȗȈșȚțȝȈ
Ȑ ȗȓțȋ — ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȍ ȜȐȋțȘȒȐ ȊȣȠȐȕȖȑ Ǫ ȠȍșȚȤ ȐȓȐ șȍȔȤ
ȗȈȓȤȞȍȊ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ Ȑȝ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȖȟȈȋȖȔ ȕȈ țȚȖȗȚȈȕȕȖȔ
ȗȖȓț șȊȖȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȊȏȧȓȈ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȌȣ Ȋ ȘȖȚ Ȑ ȉȘȣȏȕțȓȈ
ȕȈ ȜȐȋțȘȒȐ ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȖȎȐȓȐ ǩȣȒ ȏȈȗȘȧȎȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ Ȋ ȗȓțȋ ȌȊȐȋȈȓșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȑ ȉȖȘȖȏȌȈ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȖȏȌȖȑ
ȉȣȓȈ ȊșȗȈȝȈȕȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖȓȈ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȖȑ Ȋ ȖȉȣȒȕȖ-

36
ȊȍȕȕțȦ ȘȖȋȖȎȒț DzȖȋȌȈ ȏȍȔȓȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȖȏȌȍȓȈȕȈ ǺȘȍȚȤȧ ȌȈȓȈ
ȗȈșȚțȝț ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȗȈȒȍȚȐȒ șȍȔȧȕ ǺȖȚ Ȑȝ ȗȖșȍȧȓ ǵȍȔȍȌ-
ȓȍȕȕș ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȏȍȓȍȕȈȧ ȚȘȈȊȒȈ ǸȈșȚȍȕȐȍ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȓȖșȤ
ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȘȈșȞȊȍȓȖ Ȑ ȌȈȓȖ șȗȍȓȣȍ ȏȍȘȕȈ ǷȈșȚțȝ șȕȧȓ ȎȈȚ-
Ȋț ȖȟȐșȚȐȓ Ƞȍȓțȝț Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ ǺȘȍȚȤȍȑ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȊȖșȤȔȐ Ȝțȕ-
ȚȖȊ ȏȍȘȍȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȚȈ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȔȖȓȖȚȤ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȖȑ ȔȍȓȤȕȐȞȍ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȖȕȟȍȕȖ ǺȘȍȚȤȧ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ
ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȋ ȧȡȐȒ ȗȈșȚțȝȈ ȉȣȒȈ Ȑ ȗȓțȋ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȊȠȐȝ-
șȧ Ȋ ȉȍȏȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȍȌȊȐȎȐȔȣȍ ȜȐȋțȘȒȐ ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȑȏ ȔțȒȐ,
ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȕȖȑ ȥȚȐȔ șȗȖșȖȉȖȔ ȖȕȈ ȐșȗȍȒȓȈ ȓȍȗȍȠȒȐ
ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȏȈȗȍȓȐ ȗȍȚțȝȐ ǫȖșȚȐ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ Ȑ șȚȈȓȐ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤ-
șȧ Ȓ țȝȖȌț
— Ǫȣ ȕȍ țȑȌȍȚȍ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȣȔȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ǺȘȍȚȤȧ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȓȖ-
ȎȐȓȈ ȐȔ ȉȓȦȌȖ ș ȓȍȗȍȠȒȈȔȐ
ǿȈȖ-ȒȐȝțȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȖȉȍșȗȖȒȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȓ ȍȍ Ȑ Ȋȣ-
Ƞȍȓ Ƕȕ șȚȈȓ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ ȗȖȌșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
ǫȖșȚȐ țșȍȓȐșȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȓȍȗȍȠȍȒ dzȐȠȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȗȘȖ-
ȉȖȊȈȓȐ Ȑȝ, ȒȈȒ Ȋșȍ țȗȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ șȚȈȓȐ ȘȍȊȍȚȤ ȗȖ-ȖșȓȐȕȖ-
Ȕț Ȑ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȣȝ ȖșȓȖȊ ǺȘȍȚȤȧ ȏȈȋȕȈȓȈ
Ȑȝ Ȋ șȚȖȑȓȖ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐșȊȖȐȓȈ șȍȉȍ ȊȍșȤ Ȑȝ ȉȈȋȈȎ
ǿȈȖ-ȒȐȝțȖ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȐș-
ȠȍșȚȊȐȐ Ƕȕ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ șȍȉȍ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȒȖȓȌȖȊșȚȊȖ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȔȍșȧȞ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȊ șȊȖȐ ȌȍȓȈ Ȋ șȚȖȓȐȞȍ Ȗȕ ȖȌȕȈȎ-
Ȍȣ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȏȈȠȍȓ ȗȖ ȗțȚȐ Ȋ ©ǫȖșȚȐȕȐȞț Ȍȓȧ ȗȍȠȍȝȖȌȖȊª
ǿȈȖ ȐȔȍȓ ȗȘȍȌțșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȏȈȗȈșȚȐșȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȔȐ șȊȍ-
ȎȟȔȐ ȓȍȗȍȠȒȈȔȐ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȜȖȘȔȣ ȒȈȒ ț ǺȘȍȚȤȍȑ
Ǫ ȥȚț ȕȖȟȤ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐȕȐȞȍ ǺȘȍ-
ȚȤȧ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȍȡȍ ȓțȟȠȍ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȋȖ ǷȍȘȍȌ șȕȖȔ ȖȕȈ șȗȘȖ-
șȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȟȍȋȖ Ȗȕ ȍȡȍ ȝȖȟȍȚ
— ȇ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȉȣ ȗȖȒțȠȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ țȝȖȌȖȔ,
—ș ȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ
— Ǫȣ ȉțȌȍȚȍ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȣ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ǺȘȍȚȤȧ
Ǫ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȍȕȐȍ ȕȖȟȐ ȍȦ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȖȌȍȓȈȕȖ ȚȖȎȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋ
ȗȘȖȠȓȣȑ ȘȈȏ
ǵȈ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ǺȘȍȚȤȧ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ȕȈ șȚȖȓ ȉȓȦȌȖ
ș ȓȍȗȍȠȒȈȔȐ Ȑ țȠȓȈ ȕȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǿȈȖ-ȒȐȝțȖ Ȋȏȧȓ șȖ șȚȖȓȈ ȖȌ-
ȕț Ȑȏ ȏȈȒȖȓȌȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȓȍȗȍȠȍȒ Ȑ, ȏȈȔȍȕȐȊ ȍȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȓȍȗȍȠ-
ȒȖȑ șȚȈȓ ȌȖȎȐȌȈȚȤșȧ ǺȘȍȚȤȍȑ

ǺȈ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȊȖȠȓȈ Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ
— ǶȚȟȍȋȖ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȍȌȐȚȍ?..
— ȇ ȎȌț — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ — ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋȣ Ȕȕȍ șȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȒȖȔ-
ȗȈȕȐȦ ȇ ȗȘȐȕȍș ș șȖȉȖȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȗȍȠȍȒ ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȕȍ
ȗȖȗȘȖȉțȍȚȍ ȔȖȐȝ ȧ ȕȍ ȉțȌț ȍșȚȤ ȊȈȠȐȝ
— ǬȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ǺȘȍȚȤȧ
ǿȈȖ ȌȈȓ ȍȑ ȓȍȗȍȠȒț șȕȧȚțȦ ș ȉȓȦȌȈ dzȐȠȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȕȈ
ȗȘȐȒțșȐȓȈ ȍȍ ȒȈȒ țȗȈȓȈ ȕȈȏȍȔȤ șȚȈȓȈ ȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ ȗȖ-ȖșȓȐȕȖ-
Ȕț Ȑ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕțȦ ȖșȓȐȞț ǿȈȖ-ȒȐȝțȖ ȖșȍȌ-
ȓȈȓ ȍȍ șȍȓ ȊȍȘȝȖȔ ȕȈ ȍȍ șȗȐȕȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ șȊȖȍ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚ-
ȊȐȍ Ƕȕ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȗȈșȚțȝȈ ȉȣȒȈ Ȑ ȗȓțȋ ǶȌȕȈ-
ȒȖ, ȕȍ ȏȕȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȚșȧ ȏȈȒȓȧȚȐȍ Ȗȕ ȕȍ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ
ȉȣȓ ȕȐ ȖȎȐȊȐȚȤ Ȑȝ ȕȐ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ Ȋ ȖșȓȈ
ǿȚȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ǺȘȍȚȤȍȑ ȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȊȣȕȖșȓȐȊȖȑ
ȖșȓȐȞȍȑ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ǵȐȟȚȖ ȍȍ ȕȍ
ȔȖȋȓȖ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ Ȋ ȗțȚȐ ǶȕȈ ȌȍȓȈȓȈ șȚȖ ȗțȚȍȊȣȝ ȔȍȘ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ.
ǿȍȚȣȘȍ ȋȖȌȈ șȗțșȚȧ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ ǿȈȖ-ȒȐȝțȖ șȖ-
ȊȍȘȠȈȓ ȕȈ ȍȍ șȗȐȕȍ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ Ȋ ǿȈȕ-ȕȈȕȤ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȍȏ-
ȎȈȓ ȔȐȔȖ ȝȘȈȔȈ ȋȖȘȣ ǽȖȈ ȖȌȐȕ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȖȚȐȘȈȧ ȘțȒȐ, șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ șȖ șȔȍȝȖȔ
— ȅȑ ǺȘȍȚȤȧ Ȑȏ ©ǫȖșȚȐȕȐȞȣ Ȍȓȧ ȗȍȠȍȝȖȌȖȊª ȊȖȚ Ȋ ȒȖȋȖ
Țȣ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ
ǯȈȚȍȔ șȝȊȈȚȐȊ țȏȌȍȟȒț ȖșȓȐȞȣ Ȗȕ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ǿȈȖ-ȒȐ-
ȝțȖ
— ǶȕȈ ȊȐȕȖȊȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȈȔȐ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȕȖ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ
ȗȍȘȍȕȍșȍȕȕȖȍ ȍȦ, ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ǷȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȤ
ȍȍǰ, ȊȏȧȊ ȖȉȍȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȘȖȚ ȖșȓȐȞȣ, Ȗȕ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȓ șȊȧȏȒȐ.
ǺȘȍȚȤȧ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȊȣȠȓȈ Ȑȏ ȠȒțȘȣ ȖșȓȐȞȣ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȗȘȍȎ-
ȕȍȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȔ ȊȐȌȍ ǶȕȈ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ Ȑ șȒȘȣ-
ȓȈșȤ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȈȧ șțȌȤȉȈ ǺȘȍȚȤȍȑ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈ

38
ǹǼDzǼȅǻǶǸ Ƕ ǸǼǹDzȁǻȊǶ
dzȖȌȖȟȕȐȒ ǴȈ-ȕȈȕȟȍȕ Ȑȏ ǿȎȥ-ȞȏȧȕȈ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȑ
ȗȍȘȍȊȖȏȒȖȑ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȖȊ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȏȊȈȓȈ ș ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȘȍȒȐ șȚȈ-
ȘȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ Ȋ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ǷȈșșȈ-
ȎȐȘȣ ȕȈ ȓȖȌȒȍ ȖȚȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ șȖȊȍȚțȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȉȓȐȎȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȐȔ
— ǸȈȏȊȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȍ ȌȍȓȖ — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ Ȑȝ — ȗȖȔȖȟȤ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕȍ Ȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȍ ȏȈșȚȐȋȕțȚȣȔ ȕȖȟȤȦ ț ȘȍȒȐ"
Ƕȕ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ Ȑȝ ȕȈ șȊȖȦ ȉȈȘȒț
ǵȈ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ ȉȈȘȒȈ ȗȘȐȉȣȓȈ Ǫ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ǺȖȋȌȈ
șȚȈȘțȝȈ ȊȣȕțȓȈ Ȑȏ ȔȍȠȒȈ ȋȖȘșȚȤ ȎȍȓȚȣȝ ȉȖȉȖȊ ȏȈȊȍȘȕțȓȈ
Ȑȝ Ȋ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖțȋȖȓȤȕȣȑ ȒțșȖȒ ȗȖȓȖȚȕȈ Ȑ ȌȈȓȈ ȓȖȌȖȟȕȐȒț ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȧ
— ǪȖȚ ȊȈȔ ȏȈ ȕȈȠ ȗȘȖȍȏȌ ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȏȈȝȖȚȐȚȍ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȕȈȔ
ȊȐȏȐȚ ȚȖ ȗȖșȚȈȊȤȚȍ ȊȈȠȐ ȕȖȋȐ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȓȖȚȕȖ ǵȈș ȏȖȊțȚ
ǩȈȑ Ǵȣ ȎȐȊȍȔ ț ǯȈȗȈȌȕȣȝ ǵȍȉȍșȕȣȝ ȊȖȘȖȚ
ǹȒȈȏȈȊ ȥȚȖ Ȗȉȍ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȒȐ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ
dzȖȌȖȟȕȐȒ, ȕȈȟȈȊȠȐȑ țȎȍ ȏȈȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȚȤ ȔȍȠȖȟȍȒ ș ȉȖȉȈ-
ȔȐ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȊ, șȒȈȏȈȓ șȍȉȍ
— ȇ ȐȔȍȓ ȌȍȓȖ ș ȒȖȓȌțȕȤȧȔȐ — Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȔȍȠȖȟȍȒ ȕȈ
ȏȍȔȓȦ
ǪȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȔȍȕȣ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ
țȗȈȓȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȖȉȖȊ ȖșȚȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ț ȕȍȋȖ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȊȍ ȅȚȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȒțșȒȐ șȈȔȖȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȏȖȓȖȚȈ
dzȖȌȖȟȕȐȒ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȔȍșȚț ȋȌȍ
Ȗȕ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȔȍȠȖȟȍȒ ǩȖȉȣ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖ-
țȋȖȓȤȕȣȑ ȒțșȖȒ ȗȖȓȖȚȕȈ
— ǷȖȗȘȖȉțȍȔ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ Ȗȉȍ ȕȖȋȐ ȕȈ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȚȕȖ
Ƕȕ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȣȔ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȌțȝ
ȍȋȖ ȖȚȕȖșȐȓȖ Ȋ ȏȈȗȈȌȕȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ǫȖȘȖȌȈ Ȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ
ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȐ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ ȌȈȓȐ ǪșȒȖȘȍ Ȗȕ țȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓ ȗțȘȗțȘȕȣȍ Ȑ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȍ ȌȊȖȘȞȣ ǪȖȏȌțȠȕȣȑ ȥȒȐȗȈȎ Ȗș-
ȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ ȌȊȖȘȞȈ ǬȍȚȐ șȓȍȌȐȊȠȐȍ ț ȌȊȍȘȍȑ, șȖȖȉ-
ȡȐȓȐ Ȗ ȕȍȔ ǹȚȈȘțȝȈ ȊȣȠȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȚȤ

— Ǫȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȐȑȚȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȍȔț — ȥȚȖ
ȊȈȠȈ șțȌȤȉȈ ǴȖȧ ȌȖȟȤ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȈ ȊȈȔ
— DzȚȖ ȧ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȍȚȍȕȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȚȈȒțȦ ȗȈȘȚȐȦ" —
șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȓȖȌȖȟȕȐȒ
— ǵȍȚ ȗȈȘȚȐȑ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȍȔț șȚȈȘțȝȈ, — ȓȐȠȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
șțȌȤȉȈ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȚ șȖȦȏȈȔȐ Ǫȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȣ ȖȌȐȕ
Ȍȓȧ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Țȣ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȍȍ ȕȈ ȉȈȘȒț ǩȍșȗȖȓȍȏȕȖ ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȚȤ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȌ ȏȊțȒȐ ȜȓȍȑȚ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȗȐȓȐ
ȊȍȕȟȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȉȖȒȈȓ DzȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȔȍȌȖȊȣȑ ȔȍșȧȞ ȕȍșȔȖȚ-
Șȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȎȍ-
ȓȈȚȤ ǴȈ-ȕȈȕȟȍȕ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȊȐȏȐȚ șȊȖȍȑ ȏȍȔȕȖȑ șȍȔȤȍ.
Ƕȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ șȊȖȍȑ Ȏȍȕȍ
— ǹȚȈȕȖȊȐșȤ ȕȈ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖțȋȖȓȤȕȖȍ ȗȖȓȖȚȕȖ — ȗȖșȖȊȍȚȖȊȈ-
ȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȍȔț
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȓȖȌȖȟȕȐȒ ȉȣȓ ȖȚȕȍșȍȕ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȧȔ
șȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ǹ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ ȘȈȏȢȍȏȎȈȚȤ ȔȍȎȌț ǯȈȗȈȌȕȣ-
ȔȐ ǵȍȉȍșȕȣȔȐ ȊȖȘȖȚȈȔȐ Ȑ șȊȖȐȔ ȏȍȔȕȣȔ ȌȖȔȖȔ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȐ ȓȖȌȖȟȕȐȒȈ țȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ
ȕȍ ȊȍȘȕȍȚșȧ ǶȕȐ șȖȎȋȓȐ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖțȋȖȓȤȕȖȍ ȗȖȓȖȚȕȖ ȅȚȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ șȌȍȓȈȕȖ ǴȈ-ȕȈȕȟȍȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȖșȚȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ Ȑ șȕȖ-
ȊȈ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤșȧ ȏȈ șȊȖȍ ȊȍșȓȖ
ǻȔȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȐ ȗȘȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍ-
ȕȐȍ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ, ȟȚȖ șȚȈȘțȝȈ, ȕȈȏȣȊȈȊȠȈȧșȧ ǩȈȑ ȉȍȓȈȧ), ȌȖȓȎ-
ȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ, ȉȣȓȈ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊȖȑ șȊȍȚȓȖȋȖ ȒȘțȋȈ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȍȋȖ șȖȓȕ-
Ȟȍ Ȑ ȓțȕț

40
ǵǹǮȍ ǴdzǻǮ
ǪȉȓȐȏȐ ǿȎȥ-Ȟȏȧȕ Ȋ ǪȈȕ-șȧȕȤ-ȞȧȖ ȎȐȓ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȒȕȐȎ-
ȕȐȒ ȗȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ ǿț ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȔȈȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȗȕ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ
șȊȖȦ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȕȕȖșȚȤ șȈȔȣȔ ȉȓȈȋȖȟȍșȚȐȊȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ǵȖ ȍȋȖ
ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ șțȗȘțȋȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȓȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȊȠȈȧ șȊȖȦ
șȊȍȒȘȖȊȤ Ȑ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȊȠȈȧșȧ ș ȕȍȑ DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ
ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȍȍ Ȋ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȕȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȖȌȍ-
ȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȚȘȈțȘ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȌȈȚȤ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȎȍȓȈȍȚ ȍȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ
ǿț ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȌȍȓȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓ Ȋ șȐȓȈȝ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȐșȗȘȈ-
ȊȐȚȤ șȊȖȦ Ȏȍȕț Ǫ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȐ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȕȍș ȎȈȓȖȉț ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ȔȍșȚ-
ȕȖȔț ȉȖȋț ǿȥȕ-ȝțȈȕț
— ǷțșȚȤ ȖȕȈ țȔȘȍȚ — ȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ — ȟȚȖȉȣ ȔȖȧ ȔȈȚȤ ȔȖȋ-
ȓȈ ȎȐȚȤ
ǬȍȊȧȚȤ ȘȈȏ Ȗȕ ȗȐșȈȓ Ȑ șȎȐȋȈȓ șȊȖȦ ȗȘȖșȤȉț* ȕȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ
ȖȕȈ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȈșȤ ȉȍȏ ȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȑ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȗȕ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȚȍȘ-
ȗȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȕȈȏȊȈȓ ȉȖȋȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȝȘȈȔȈ ǿȥȕ-ȝțȈȕȈ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȔ
Ǫ șȓȍȌțȦȡțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȍȉȍșȕȣȑ ȚȍȓȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȍȓȤ ȗȖȏȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ.
DzȖȋȌȈ ǿț ȗȘȐȉȣȓ Ȋ ȝȘȈȔ Ȑ țȗȈȓ ȕȐȞ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȉȍșȕȣȔ ȚȘȐ-
ȉțȕȈȓȖȔ ǿȥȕ-ȝțȈȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț ȌȘțȎȍșȒȐ
— ǬțȔȈȍȠȤ ȓȐ Țȣ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȚȊȖȧ ȎȍȕȈ șȍȉȧ
ȗȓȖȝȖ ȊȍȌȍȚ" ǭȧ ȕȈȝȈȓȤșȚȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖ Ǻȣ
ȝȖȟȍȠȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȧ ȍȍ ȓȐȠȐȓ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǺȈȒ ȏȕȈȑ ȟȚȖ Țȍȉȍ șțȌȤ-
ȉȖȑ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȥȚȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ
ȘȖȌȐȚȤ Țȍȉȍ ȌȊțȝ șȣȕȖȊȍȑ Ǻȣ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ șȣȕȖȊȕȍȍ ȉȓȈȋȖ-
ȟȍșȚȐȍ ȊȖșȗȘȍȡȈȍȚ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȚȤ ȗȖșȓȍ șȍȉȧ ȗȖȚȖȔșȚȊȈ ȅȚȖ
ȓȐȠȤ Ȑȏ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ Ȓ Țȍȉȍ ȧ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȚȊȖȦ Ȏȍȕț
Ǻȣ ȗȖȕȧȓ"
— DzȈȒ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȐȔȍȚȤ ȌȍȚȍȑ ș ȥȚȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȖȑ ȍșȓȐ ȧ ȕȍ
ȎȐȊț ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ș ȕȍȑ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȍȍ ȏȓȖșȚȐ" — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǿț
— DzȚȖ ȊȍȕȟȈȓ Țȍȉȧ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǿȥȕ-ȝțȈȕ
— ǵȍȒȐȑ ǼȈȕ Ȑ ȕȍȒȐȑ ǿȥȕȤ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǿț
* Ʉɢɬɚɣɰɵ ɩɢɲɭɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɇɟɛɭ ɧɚ ɛɭɦɚɠɤɟ ɢ ɫɠɢɝɚɸɬ ɟɟ
ɩɟɪɟɞ ɢɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɦ ɛɨɝɨɦ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɞɚɪɚɦɢ

41
ǿȥȕ-ȝțȈȕ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȖȏȊȈȚȤ Ȑȝ
— Ǫȣ ȌȈȓȐ Ȋ Ȏȍȕȣ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȐȔ — ȥȚȖȔț ȉȓȈȋȖȟȍș-
ȚȐȊȖȔț ȗȈȘȕȦ ȌȍȊțȠȒț șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȟȍșȚȐȊțȦ Ǫȣ șȍȑȟȈș
ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȍ ȏȈ ȥȚȖ ȗȈȓȖȟȕȣȍ țȌȈȘȣ
— ȅȚȈ ȕȍ ȕȈȠȈ ȊȐȕȈ — ȊșȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ ȖȉȈ ȗȖșȘȍȌȕȐȒȈ —ǶȕȈ
ȎȐȓȈ ȊȏȈȗȍȘȚȐ Ȋ ȎȍȕșȒȖȔ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȍ DzȈȒ Ȕȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȏȕȈȚȤ
ȍȍ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ"
ǿț ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȈ ȗȖșȘȍȌȕȐȒȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȌȘțȎ-
ȉȍ Ȉ ȕȍ Ȑȏ ȒȖȘȣșȚȕȣȝ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊ Ȑ ǿȥȕ-ȝțȈȕ ȕȍ ȉȐȓ Ȑȝ ǿț
ȔȍȎȌț ȗȘȖȟȐȔ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— DzȈȒ ȉȣ ȔȖȧ ȎȍȕȈ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈȝȈȓȤȕȈ ȖȕȈ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ
ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȚȘȈȝ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȉȍșȕȣȔȐ ȈȕȋȍȓȈȔȐ Ȑ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ țȊȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ǩțȌȌȖȑ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȋȣ ȍȍ ȗȖȏȊȈȓȐ Ȑ ȕȈ-
ȊȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ șȚȘȈȝ ǶȕȈ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȚșȧ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȉȣȚȤ
— ǵȍȗȓȖȝȖ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǿȥȕ-ȝțȈȕ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȈȓ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȚȈ ș șȐȕȐȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȑ ȞȍȗȤȦ ș ȗȘȐȒȈȏȖȔ
ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ Ȏȍȕț ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȗȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ ǿț Ȑ ȗȖșȘȍȌȕȐȒȈȔ
— ǺȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȧ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓ ȗȖ-
ȌȘțȎȍșȒȐ Ǫȣ țȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȒȈȒ ȧ țșȚȘȖȦ ȌȍȓȖ ș ȥȚȖȑ ȌțȘȖȑ ȅȚȖ
ȉțȌȍȚ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȉȖȑȚȍșȤ Ȋșȍ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȚșȧ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ
ǿȥȕ-ȝțȈȕ ȗȖȊȍȓ ȘțȒȈȊȖȔ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȔț ȓȐȞț ǶȕȖ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ
ȗȖȟȍȘȕȍȓȖ Ȑ ȊȖȓȖșȣ șȚȈȓȐ ȧȘȒȖ-ȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ ǷȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏț
ȉȈȕȌȈ ȟȍȘȚȍȑ Ȑ ȊȍȌȤȔ, ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȝ șȈȉȓȧȔȐ Ȑ ȗȐȓȈȔȐ, ȗȖ-
șȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȟȈȕ ș ȔȈșȓȖȔ ȔȍȓȤȕȐȞț Ȑ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ șȐȕȐȑ ȟȍȘȚ ȚȈȡȈ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȏȈ-
ȌȣȝȈȦȡțȦșȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț
— ǵȍșȟȈșȚȕȈȧ ȋȘȍȠȕȐȞȈ — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ǿȍȕ-ȝțȈȕ — ǹȔȖȚ-
ȘȐ ȕȈ ȥȚț ȚȍȚȘȈȌȤ — ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ șȗȐșȖȒ ȚȊȖȐȝ ȋȘȍȝȖȊ ǪȍȌȤȔȣ
ǹȌȍȘȐȚȍ ș ȕȍȍ ȒȖȎț Ȑ ȐȏȎȈȘȤȚȍ ȍȍ Ȋ ȔȈșȓȍ!
— ǴȐȓȖșȚȐ — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ — ȇ ȕȍ ȉțȌț ȉȖȓȤȠȍ
ǿț Ȑ ȖȉȈ ȗȖșȘȍȌȕȐȒȈ țȗȈȓȐ ȕȐȞ Ȑ șȚȈȓȐ ȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȕȍȍ
— ǰȏ țȊȈȎȍȕȐȧ Ȓ ȉȓȈȋȖȟȍșȚȐȦ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ șțȗȘțȋȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ
ǿȥȕ-ȝțȈȕ — ȧ ȍȡȍ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȗȘȖȡț Țȍȉȧ ǵȖ ȗȖȔȕȐ: ȗȘȐ
ȗȍȘȊȖȔ șțȔȈșȉȘȖȌșȚȊȍ ș Țȍȉȧ șȌȍȘțȚ ȒȖȎț Ȑ ȏȈȎȈȘȧȚ ȉȍȏ ȎȈ-
ȓȖșȚȐ
ǹȒȈȏȈȊ ȥȚȖ Ȗȕ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȖșȓȈȓ ȗȖ ȌȖȔȈȔ
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ țȚȘȖȔ

— ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ șȖȕ, — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȔțȎ
— ǰ ȧ ȚȈȒȎȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȎȍȕȈ
ǹ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȖȕȈ șȚȈȓȈ ȉȓȈȋȖȟȍșȚȐȊȖȑ Ȑ ȌȈȓȈ șȊȖȍȔț șțȗȘț-
ȋț Ȋ șȊȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȌȊțȝ șȣȕȖȊȍȑ

43
ǺdzǿȀȊ ǻǮǹǼǴǻǶȄȉ
Ǫ ǿȎȥ-ȞȏȧȕȐ ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒȐȑ ǴȈ-ȞȏȐ-șȧȕȤ, ȗȘȐȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȑ
Ȓ șȖȓȍȊȈȘȍȕȕȖȔț ȌȍȗȈȘȚȈȔȍȕȚț șȖȉȘȈȓ ȗȘȐȓȐȟȕțȦ șțȔȔț
Ȍȍȕȍȋ Ƕȕ ȒțȗȐȓ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ Ȍȓȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȣȕȈ ǴȈ-ȝȖȈȕ-
ȟȈȕȈ ȅȚȖȚ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ ȕțȎȌȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ
ȖȚȞȈ ǩțȌțȟȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȗȖșȖȉȕȣȔ Ȗȕ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȏȉȖȋȈȚȍȓ.
Ǫ șȚȈȘȖșȚȐ ǴȈ-ȞȏȐ-șȧȕȤ ȎȍȕȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȕȈȓȖȎȕȐ-
Ȟȍ, ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȓȦȉȐȓ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȍȑ ȕȈșȓȍȌșȚȊȖ
ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ șȣȕț Ƕȕ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ ȍȑ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ
ȘȍȠȍȕȐȐ Ȋ ȚȈȒȐȝ șȓȖȊȈȝ
— ǭșȓȐ Țȣ Ȕȕȍ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȊȍȘȕȈ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȔȖȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ȧ Țȍȉȍ
ȖșȚȈȊȓȦ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȍ ȌȖȉȘȖ
ȀȍșȚȤȦ ȋȖȌȈȔȐ ȗȖȏȎȍ ǴȈ-ȞȏȐ-șȧȕȤ, ȏȈȉȖȓȍȊ ȗȖȏȊȈȓ șȊȖȍ-
ȋȖ șȣȕȈ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț
— ȅȚȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ țȝȈȎȐȊȈȓȈ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȑ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ.
ȇ ȎȍȓȈȦ ȟȚȖȉȣ Țȣ ȖȚȌȈȓ ȍȑ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȍ ȌȖȉȘȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȖșȚȈ-
ȕȍȚșȧ ȗȖșȓȍ ȔȖȍȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ǻȍȉȍ ȖȕȖ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ
ǵȖ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ǴȈ-ȞȏȐ-șȧȕȤ ȐșȗțșȚȐȓ Ȍțȝ ȍȋȖ șȣȕ ȊȖȏȋȖ-
Șȍȓ ȗȓȖȝȐȔ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȋȘȈȉȐȚȤ ȕȈȓȖȎȕȐȞț ǴțȎ ȍȋȖ ȚȍȚ-
ȒȐ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǻ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȐ ǺȏțȈȕȤ-ǿț ȉȣȓ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒ ȋȖȚȖȊȣȑ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ǴȈ-ȝȖȈȕ-ȟȈȕ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȤȚȍ șȍȉȍ ȒȈȒțȦ ȠȚțȒț ȖȚȍȞ șȣȋȘȈȓ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ
Ƕȕ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȉȖȋȈȚȖȍ ȕȈșȓȍȌșȚȊȖ ȕȖ ȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȖȚȌȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȞȍȓȐȒȖȔ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȓȖȎȕȐȞȍ Ǵȍȕȧ ȕȈȌțȓȐ
— ǩțȌȤ șȗȖȒȖȍȕ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȐ ǻ — ȧ Țȍ-
ȉȍ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȌȈȔ ȔȖȦ șȐȓȤȕțȦ ȘțȒț
DzȖȋȌȈ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ șȍȌȤȔȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȋ ȕȖȟȤ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ Ȍț-
ȠȐ ǴȈ-ȝȖȈȕ-ȟȈȕ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȚȤ ȋȘȖȉ ȕȈȓȖȎȕȐȞț Ƕȕ șȈȔ
Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȎȍȕȈ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȓȐ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȖȚȞȈ Ȑ ȏȈȉȘȈȓȐ Ȋșȍ
șțȕȌțȒȐ Ȑ ȧȡȐȒȐ șȖ ȊșȍȔ șȖȌȍȘȎȐȔȣȔ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ǯȈȚȍȔ ǴȈ-ȝȖȈȕ-
ȟȈȕ ȏȈȗȍȘ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȔ ȊȐșȧȟȐȔ ȏȈȔȒȖȔ
Dz țȚȘț ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȓȖȎȕȐȞȈ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȊȖȑȚȐ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȒȖȔȕȈ-
Țț ȖȕȈ ȕȈȠȓȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȏȈȗȍȘȚȖȑ Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȍȌ ȕȍȑ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȓ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȐ ǻ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȋȘțȉȣȔ ȋȖ-
ȓȖșȖȔ

44
— Ǫȣ ȍȡȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȖȓȖȌȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖșȚȈȊȈȚȤșȧ ȊȌȖȊȖȑ ǪȖȏ-
ȊȘȈȚȐȚȍșȤ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț șȍȔȍȑșȚȊț ǪȈȔ ȕȈȑȌțȚ ȝȖ-
ȘȖȠțȦ ȗȈȘȚȐȦ ȇ ȗȖȗȘȖȠț ǴȈ-ȝȖȈȕ-ȟȈȕȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ ȊȈȔ ȌȈȓ
ȗȘȐȓȐȟȕțȦ șțȔȔț
ǹȒȈȏȈȊ ȥȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȏȊȈȓ ǴȈ-ȝȖȈȕ-ȟȈȕȈ șȊȖȐȔ ȋȘțȉȣȔ ȋȖ-
ȓȖșȖȔ
— ǬȈȑȚȍ ȗȧȚȤȌȍșȧȚ ȚȈȥȓȍȑ ȥȚȖȑ ȖșȖȉȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȥȚȖ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȕțȎȕȖ
ǴȈ-ȝȖȈȕ-ȟȈȕ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ țȗȓȈȚȐȓ ȍȑ ȥȚț șțȔȔț ȗȘȐȋȖ-
ȚȖȊȓȍȕȕțȦ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ, Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈȓȖȎȕȐȞȍ-
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǻ ȗȘȈȊ Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȚȤșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ Ǫșȍ
ȊȈȠȐ ȗȈȒȍȚȣ țȎȍ șȖȉȘȈȕȣ Ȑ ȗȈȓȈȕȒȐȕ ȋȖȚȖȊ ǻȉȐȘȈȑȚȍșȤ
ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȚȍșȤ Ȗȉ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȖȔ.
ǰșȗțȋȈȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈșȐȓȐȧ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȈ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȐ ǻ ȕȈȓȖȎ-
ȕȐȞȈ,ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȊȣȋȕȈȕȕȈȧ țȠȓȈ, ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȊ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ
— Ǫȣ Ȕȕȍ șȖșȓțȎȐȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ țșȓțȋț — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǴȈ ȋȖș-
ȗȖȌȐȕț ǻ
ǪȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȘȖȌȕȣȔ ȕȈȓȖȎȕȐȞȈ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ
ȊȕȖȊȤ ȊȣȑȚȐ ȏȈȔțȎ ǭȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ șȉȍȘȍȎȍȕȐȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȐșȚȖ-
ȡȐȓȐșȤ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ șȍȌȤȔȖȑ ȓțȕȣ ȖȕȈ Ȓț-
ȗȐȓȈ ȔȈșȓȖ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȣ, ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȍ Ȍȓȧ ȎȍȘȚȊȣ
ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȖȋȖ — ȌȍȕȤ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ
 Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ǴȈ,
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȗȓȈȒȈȚȤ ȕȈȌ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȔ ȔțȎȍȔ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȐȔ ǮȍȕȈ
ǴȈ-ȝȖȈȕ-ȟȈȕȈ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȈ ȍȍ ȚȈȒ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ
șȍȉȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ
— ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ ȕȍȚ ț Țȍȉȧ șȚȣȌȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȚȤșȧ ȗȖșȓȍ
ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ Țȍȉȧ ȊȣȋȕȈȓȐ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ȍȍ ȥȚȈ ȋȘțȉȈȧ ȖșȖȉȈ
ǵȈȓȖȎȕȐȞȍ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȊȖȑȚȐ Ȋ ȌȖȔ ǭȍ ȗȖȔȍșȚȐȓȐ Ȋ
ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ Ȑ ȏȈȧȊȐȓȐ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȍȔȍȌ-
ȓȍȕȕȖ țȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉțȌțȚ ȗȘȐȕȍșȍȕȣ ȎȍȘȚȊȣ ǵȍ-
șȟȈșȚȕȈȧ ȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ Ȋ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȍȕȐȍ Ȋșȍȑ ȕȖȟȐ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ țȚȘȈ
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǴȈ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȍȍ ȊȣȋȕȈȚȤ ȖȕȐ ȕȈ-
ȠȓȐ ȍȍ ȚȘțȗ ȊȐșȍȊȠȐȑ ȕȈ ȌȊȍȘȧȝ ǴȈ-ȝȖȈȕ ȟȈȕ ȕȈșȒȖȘȖ Ȓț-
ȗȐȓ ȋȘȖȉ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȚțȌȈ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȞț Ȑ ȗȖșȓȈȓ Ȓ ȍȍ ȘȖȌȕȣȔ
ȕȍ șȔȍȊȠȐȔ ȎȈȓȖȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑȏ ȉȖȧȏȕȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȘȖȏȕȣȔ ȕȈȟȈȓȤ-
ȕȐȒȖȔ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȐ ǻ.

45
ǻȉȍȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȚȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȧ ȍȋȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ
ȕȍ ȎȌȍȚ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ ǴȈ-ȝȖȈȕ-ȟȈȕ ȗȘȖȌȈȓ ȌȖȔ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕț ǿȈȕ
Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȎȐȚȤ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȕȖȟȤȦ șȈȔȖțȉȐȑȞȈ ȧȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ǿȈȕț Ȑ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈ-
ȓȈ ǿȈȕ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȐȓșȧ ș ȕȍȑ Ȗ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȐȝ ȌȍȓȈȝ ǴȈ Ȑ ȕȍȋȖȌȖ-
ȊȈȓ țȏȕȈȊ Ȗȉ Ȑȝ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȔ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȐ ǷȖȕȧȊ, ș ȒȈȒȐȔ ȋțȑ*
Ȗȕ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȌȍȓȖ ǿȈȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ șȖȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖ
— ȇ ȒțȗȐȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȖȔ Ȑ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȐȓ ȏȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȖ,
ȉȍȏ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖșȚȤ ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȊȘȈ-
ȋȖȊ ǴȈ-ȝȖȈȕ-ȟȈȕȈ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȈ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȐ ǻ ǯȈȟȍȔ Ȋȣ ȌȖ-
ȒțȟȈȍȚȍ Ȕȕȍ" ȅȚȖ ȏȈ ȕȐȝ ȕȈȌȖ ȊȈȔ ȊȏȧȚȤșȧ ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ
ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚȍ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȟȤ ȧ ȊȈș șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎț Ȓ Ȑȝ ȕȖȊȖȔț
ȔȍșȚȖȎȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊț
ǷȖȊȍȠȍȕȕȈȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȕȖȟȤ, ǿȈȕ ȏȈȎȍȋ ȔȈșȓȖ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ Ȋ ȖȋȖȕȤ
ȚȈȉȓȍȚȒț**, Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȌțȠț șȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ș șȐȓȈȔȐ ǯȈ-
ȚȍȔ Ȗȕ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȍȑ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ ǴȈ ǷȘȐȉȣȊ Ȓ Ȑȝ ȌȊȍȘȧȔ
Ȗȕ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȌțȠȍ
— ǷȖȌȖȎȌȐȚȍ ȗȖȒȈ ȧ ȗȖșȚțȟț Ǫȣ ȊȖȑȌȍȚȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȚȒȘȖȦȚ
ȌȊȍȘȐ
ǵȈ șȚțȒ ǿȈȕȈ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȌȊȖȘȕȐȒ
— ǪȈȠ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ ȌȖȔȈ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǿȈȕ.
— ǵȍȚ ȍȡȍ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȌȊȖȘȕȐȒ — ȧ ȎȌț ȍȋȖ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȐȑ șȓțȟȈȑ — ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ ǿȈȕ Ȓ ȌțȠȍ — ȊȖȑȌȐ-
ȚȍǷȖȓȈȋȈȧ ȟȚȖ ǿȈȕ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȍȚ șȈȔ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȌȊȖȘȕȐȒ
ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ǪȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȓ șȍȉȍ, ǿȈȕ ȕȍ șȗȈȓ ȊșȦ ȕȖȟȤ ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ
ȘȈȕȖ țȚȘȖȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖȠȍȓ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȕȖȊȖșȚȐ ǬȊȖȘȕȐȒ ǴȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓ-
șȧ ț ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȝ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ
* Ƚɭɣ — ɱɟɪɬ ɢɥɢ ɛɥɭɠɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɞɭɲɚ Ʉɢɬɚɣɰɵ ɜɟɪɹɬ ɱɬɨ ɞɭɲɢ ɧɨɪ-
ɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɭɦɟɪɲɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɫɥɚɧɰɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɛɨ ȼɫɟ ɠɟ
ɞɭɲɢ ɭɛɢɬɵɯ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɭɛɢɣɰ ɫɥɟɩɨ ɛɪɨɞɹɬ ɩɨ ɦɢɪɭ ɜ ɩɨɢɫɤɚɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ
ɩɪɢɫɬɚɧɢɳɚ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɛɥɭɠɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɞɭɲɢ ɨɛɨɡɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɪɚ-
ɝɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɵ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɫɬɢ
** Ⱦɭɲɢ ɩɨɤɨɣɧɢɤɨɜ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɠɢɝɚɧɢɟɦ ɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɢ ɫ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸ-
ɳɟɣ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɶɸ

— Ǫȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȈȕȖ ȊșȚȈȓȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț ǿȈȕ
— ǩȣȓȖ Ȍȓȧ ȟȍȋȖ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȌȊȖȘȕȐȒ — ǴȖȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ
ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȟȤ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȗȕ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ
șȍȉȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȓȖȝȖ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐ șȔȍȘȚȐ
ǿȈȕ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȚțȌȈ Ȋ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȉȍȌȈ ǴȈ-ȝȖȈȕ-
ȟȈȕ țȔȍȘ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȐ
ǻ ȚȈȒȎȍ țȔȍȘ șȒȖȘȖȗȖșȚȐȎȕȖ ǩȖȓȤȠȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȖȉȈ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȈ
ǴȈ Ȑ ǻ ȉȣȓȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȖȘȍȕȣ

47
ǮǸȀdzǾȉ Ƕ ǽǾǶǰǶDzdzǻǶȍ
Ǫ ǷȍȒȐȕȍ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȊȖșȍȔȕȈȌȞȈȚȖȋȖ șȚȖȓȍȚȐȧ ȚȍȈȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȍ
ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ǫȈȖ-ȝȖ-ȉȈȕ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓȖșȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖșȚȤȦ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȗȖșȓȈȕȍȞ ȕȈ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ ȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȕȚȖȘț Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǪȈș ȗȘȖșȧȚ ȧȊȐȚȤșȧ șȍȑȟȈș ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȍȚȤ Ȑ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ ȒȖȔȍ-
ȌȐȦ, Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȌȖȔ ȏȈ ȊȖȘȖȚȈȔȐ ǽȈ-ȌȈ-ȔȣȕȤ
DzȖȔȍȌȐȈȕȚȣ, ȉțȌțȟȐ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ șȖȉȘȈȓȐ șȊȖȐ
ȊȍȡȐ Ȑ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, țȗȈȓȈ
ȕȖȟȤ Ǫ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȖȑ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ ȖȕȐ ȊȌȘțȋ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ
ȌȖȔ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȑ ȖȋȕȧȔȐ, Ȑ ȚȖȓȗț ȓȦȌȍȑ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȌȖȔț, Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȊȣȠȓȈ șȚȈȘȈȧ ȕȧ-
ȕȧ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
— ǩȈȘȣȠȕȧ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȗȍȓȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ
ȓȦȉȖȊȕȣȝ ȗȍșȍȕȖȒ ǷȘȐ ȚȖȔ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȉȓțȎ-
ȌȈȦȡȍȑ ȌțȠȐ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȗȖȧȊȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ șȞȍȕȍ ǰ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ-
șȚȈ ȕȍ ȌȍȓȈȑȚȍ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȠțȔȈ
ǸȍȎȐșșȍȘ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȈȓ ȗȘȖȋȘȈȔȔț șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȕȕȖȔț
DzȖȔȍȌȐȈȕȚȣ ȗȍȓȐ ȖȚ ȗȖȓțȕȖȟȐ ȌȖ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȈ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȐȔ ȕȍ
ȌȈȓȐ ȖȚȌȖȝȕțȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȕȍșȓȐ ȕȐ ȊȐȕȈ, ȕȐ ȗȐȘȖȎȕȣȝ
ǨțȌȐȚȖȘȐȧ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȈȒȚȍȘȈȔ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ ǰ ȌȈ-
Ȕȣ șȐȌȍȊȠȐȍ ȕȈȊȍȘȝț ȖȚȋȖȘȖȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȖ ȖȉȣȟȈȦ ȘȍȠȍȚȒȖȑ
Ȑ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȊȠȐȍ ȔȍșȚȈ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ șȞȍȕȣ — ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ
ȕȐȝ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȗȖȓȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ Ȋșȍ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȠțȠț-
ȒȈȓȐșȤ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȖȕȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ
ǪȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȈȒȚȍȘȣ țȌȐȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȖȕȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ șȍȘȌȐȚȤ-
șȧ ǵȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ șȌȍȓȈȕȕȖȍ ȏȈȗȘȍȡȍȕȐȍ, ȖȕȐ
ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓȐ ȕȈ șȞȍȕț ǽțȈȕ-ȌȐ *, ȗȖȉȘȧȒȐȊȈȦȡȍȋȖ șȊȖȍȑ șȈȉ-
ȓȍȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊțȍȔȖȋȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ ȋțȓȖȔ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȖȊ Ȑ ȋȖȕȋȖȊ
ǵȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȈ Ȑ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ DzȖȔȍȌȐȈȕȚȣ ȖȒȈ-
* ɏɭɚɧ-ɞɢ ɢɥɢ ɏɭɚɧ-ɯɭ — ɝɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɧɵɣ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɪ ɇɟɛɚ ɧɚ ɷɟɦ-
ɥɟ ɉɪɢɜɢɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɫɟ ɬɟɦɧɵɟ ɫɢɥɵ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɩɨ ɜɟɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɤɢɬɚɣɰɟɜ
ɱɭɜɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɬɪɚɯ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɟɝɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ

ȏȈȓȐșȤ șȘȍȌȐ ȒȖȓȦȟȐȝ ȒțșȚȖȊ ȚȍȘȕȖȊȕȐȒȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȟȤȍȑ-ȚȖ ȔȖ-
ȋȐȓȖȑ
ǶȕȐ ȕȈșȒȖȘȖ șȖȉȘȈȓȐ șȊȖȐ ȊȍȡȐ Ȑ ȉȈȋȈȎ Ȑ ȘȈȕȖ țȚȘȖȔ
ȊȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ DzȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȘȈșșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȐ șȖșȍȌȍȑ ȎȐȊ-
ȠȐȝ ȗȖȉȓȐȏȖșȚȐ ȚȖ țȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȋȐȓȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȉȈȘȣȠ-
ȕȐ Ȑȏ ȊȣșȠȍȑ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȐ ȗȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ My.

49
ǵȁǯ ǵǮ ǵȁǯ
ǩȈȒȈȓȈȊȘ* ǴȈ-ǿȍȑ-ȓȐȕ Ȑȏ Ǿȏȧȕ-șț ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ Ȋ
ȦȕȖșȚȐ țȟȈșȤ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ Ȗȕ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓ Ȋ ȊȍȘȝȕȍȔ
ȥȚȈȎȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȖȒȕȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȕȈ ȚȍȘȘȈșț ȕȍȒȖȋȖ
ǪȈȕȈ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȞȈ ȝȘȐȏȈȕȚȍȔȈȔȐ ǺȍȘȘȈșȈ ȋȌȍ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȘȈșȚȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȒțȓȤȚȐȊȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȋȖȘȠȒȈȝ, ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȚȈ Ȑ ȖȒ-
ȘțȎȍȕȈ ȉȈȘȤȍȘȖȔ ȖȚ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȣȝ.
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȚȤșȧ
ȌȍȕȤ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ǴȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȊȠȐȑșȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȈȕȖ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ
Ȓ ȖȒȕț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȗȖȋȖȌț, Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ ǪȈȕȈ ȕȈ ȚȍȘȘȈșȍ,
ȏȈȕȧȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȐȊȒȖȑ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ ǯȈȒȖȕȟȐȊ ȘȈȉȖȚț, ȚȖȚ șȖȉȐȘȈȓșȧ
șȗțșȚȐȚȤșȧ ȊȕȐȏ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȔȐȔȖ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȌȊțȔȧ ȊȍȌ-
ȘȈȔȐ ȕȈȊȖȏȈ Ƕȕ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ, ȕȍ șȕȐȔȈȧ ș șȍȉȧ ȕȖȠț ȊșȒȈ-
ȘȈȉȒȈȓșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȍȘȐȓȈ ȊȍȌȠȐȍ ȕȈ ȚȍȘȘȈșț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȚȈȒ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȤ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ ǪȈȕț ȗȖȓȐȊȈȚȤ ǵȍȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȑ ǪȈȕ ȚȖȓȒȕțȓ ȋȘȧȏ-
ȕȈȋȖ ȕȍȗȘȖȠȍȕȖȋȖ ȋȖșȚȧ ǺȖȚ ȏȈțȗȘȧȔȐȓșȧ ǶȉȈ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ
șȚȈȓȐ ȚȖȓȒȈȚȤ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ǺȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȌȖȎȌȤ,
ȔȍșȚȖ ț ȗȍȘȍȋȖȘȖȌȒȐ ȉȣȓȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȒȖȍ ǷȘȐȠȍȌȠȐȑ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ
ȘȈȊȕȖȊȍșȐȍ Ȑ țȗȈȓ șȊȍȘȝț ȊȕȐȏ ǬȊȈ ȊȍȌȘȈ țȗȈȓȐ ȍȔț ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȤ.
Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ țȉȐȚ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ
ǰșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȑ ǪȈȕ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȔȍȓ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȌțȝȈ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȕȍ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȚȤ Ƕȕ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȏȈȌȕȦȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȖȔȍ-
ȡȍȕȐȧ Ȋȏȧȓ ȚȘțȗ ȏȈ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ ȗȖȚȈȡȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȘȍȒȐ
ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȚȘțȗȈ ȍȋȖ ȌȊȈ ȊȍȌȘȈ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ
ȏȈȗȍȘ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ ȓȍȋ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ
ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ șȊȖȦ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȤ, ǴȈ-ȟȍȑ-ȓȐȕ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȉț-
ȌȍȚ ȓțȟȠȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ DzȖȋ-
ȌȈ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ ȌȍȕȤ Ȗȕ țșȓȣȝȈȓ ȒȘȐȒ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȚȘțȗ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍ-
ȋț ȘȍȒȐ ǹȖȖȉȡȐȓȐ ȔȈȕȌȈȘȐȕț ȧȊȐȊȠȍȔțșȧ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȖȔ-
ȗȖȑ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȖȉȍȌȈ ȅȒșȗȍȘȚ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȚȘțȗ ǵȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ
ȕȈșȐȓȤșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȖȊ Ȗȕ ȘȍȠȐȓ, ȟȚȖ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ
țȉȐȚ Ȉ țȔȍȘ ȊșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȧ ǴȈȕȌȈȘȐȕ ȘȈșșȗȘȖșȐȓ ȒȘȍ-
* ɋɬɭɞɟɧɬ ɜɵɫɲɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɭɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ

50
șȚȤȧȕ Ǫșȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦȚ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȔȈȕȌȈȘȐȕ
ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȊ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȚȘțȗ Ȋ ȋȘȖȉ Ȑ ȘȈȏȣșȒȈȚȤ ȘȖȌȕȣȝ ȗȖȒȖȑ-
ȕȐȒȈ țȠȍȓ
ǬȍȊȧȚȤȦ ȋȖȌȈȔȐ ȗȖȏȎȍ ǴȈ-ȟȍȑ-ȓȐȕ Ȋ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȍ  ȋȖȌȈ ȗȖ-
ȓțȟȐȓ ȊȣșȠțȦ șȚȍȗȍȕȤ ǭȋȖ ȖȚȍȞ țȔȍȘ ǹȍȔȍȑșȚȊȖ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ
Ȋ ȕțȎȌȍ ǴȈ-ȟȍȑ-ȓȐȕ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȎȐȚȤ Ȋ ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ Ȑ
ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȊȈȓ țȘȖȒȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȔ țȟȍȕȐȒȈȔ ǷȘȐ-
ȉȓȐȎȈȓȈșȤ ȥȗȖȝȈ ȚȘȍȝȋȖȌȐȟȕȣȝ ȥȒȏȈȔȍȕȖȊ ȉȈȒȈȓȈȊȘȖȊ Ȑ Ȗȕ
ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȐȏțȟȐȚȤ șȊȖȐȝ ȒȓȈșșȐȒȖȊ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ țȚȘȖȔ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȖȒȕȖ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȍ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ș ȌȊțȔȧ ȊȍȌȘȈȔȐ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ
Ƕȕ țȏȕȈȓ ȕȖșȐȓȤȡȐȒȈ ȕȈȊȖȏȈ ǰșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȑ ǴȈ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ
ȥȚȖ ȋțȑ*, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȔșȚȐȚȤ șȚȈȘȖȔț ǪȈȕț ǵȖ ȕȍȚ
ǫțȑ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȔȐȔȖ ȊȖȘȖȚ ǪȈȕȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ țȓȖȟȒț șȌȍȓȈȓ ȍȡȍ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ ȠȈȋȖȊ Ȑ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȈ
dzȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȓȈȋȖȟȍșȚȐȊȖȋȖ ȌȘțȎȐȊȠȍȋȖ ș șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȖȔ ǴȈ
ǶȉȍșȗȖȒȖȍȕȕȣȑ, ȚȖȚ ȗȖȠȍȓ țȏȕȈȚȤ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ ǻ ȊȖȘȖȚ ȊȖȏ-
ȓȍ ȌȖȔȈ dzȐ, Ȗȕ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ șȓțȋț ȊȣȝȖȌȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȖȚȚțȌȈ
— ǿȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǴȈ
— Ǩ ȚȖ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ șȓțȋȈ — ȟȚȖ ȕȈȠȈ ȝȖȏȧȑȒȈ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȈȍȚ-
șȧ ȖȚ ȉȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȑ ȒȘȐȟȐȚ ȖȚ ȉȖȓȐ ȇ ȐȌț ȏȊȈȚȤ ȉȈȉȒț
— ǯȈȝȖȌȐȓ Ȓ ȊȈȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȌȊțȔȧ ȊȍȌȘȈȔȐ"— șȗȘȖșȐȓ
ǴȈ
— ǵȍȚ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ șȓțȋȈ
Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȓțȎȈȕȒȈ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ ȗȖȏȊȈȓȈ șȓțȋț ȋȖȊȖȘȧ
— ǩȍșȗȖȓȍȏȕȖ ȏȊȈȚȤ ȉȈȉȒț ȕȈȠȈ ȝȖȏȧȑȒȈ ȘȖȌȐȓȈ ȒȘȈșȐ-
ȊȖȋȖ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈ
ǴȈ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȖșȐȓȤȡȐȒ ȊȍȌȍȘ** ȧȊȐȓșȧ ȕȍ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȔșȚȐȚȤ ȕȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȐȡȍ Ȑ ȊȖȗȓȖȚȐȚȤșȧ
Ȋ ȕȖȊȖȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȖȔ
— ǪȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ șȍȉȍ — ȥȚȖ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ
ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ ȥȚȖȚ ȉȍȌȕȣȑ ȟȍȘȚ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȊȖȗȓȖȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȉȖ-
ȋȈȚȖȔ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȍ"
* Ƚɭɣ — ɱɟɪɬ ɢɥɢ ɛɥɭɠɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɞɭɲɚ ɭɛɢɬɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
** Ɍ ɟ ɞɭɲɚ ɟɝɨ ɛɥɭɠɞɚɜɲɚɹ ɩɨ ɦɢɪɭ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɭɦɟɪ ɧɚɫɢɥɶɫɬ-
ɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɪɬɶɸ

ǹ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ ǴȈ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓ ȏȈ
dzȐ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȉțȌȍȚ
ǹȍȔȤȦ ȋȖȌȈȔȐ ȗȖȏȎȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ dzȐ ȗȖȌȘȖș ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȧ
ȗȖȓȕȍȑȠȍȍ ȖȚȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ Ȓ țȟȍȕȐȦ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȓ ȊȖș-
ȗȐȚȈȕȐȦ ȗȚȐȞ ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ǪȈȕ, țȎȍ Ȋ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȊȖșȤȔȐ-
ȌȍșȧȚȐ ȓȍȚ, ȊșȍȞȍȓȖ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȓșȧ șȊȖȐȔ ȝȘȐȏȈȕȚȍȔȈȔ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȘȈȕȖ țȚȘȖȔ ǴȈ ȉȣȓ șȕȖȊȈ ț șȊȖȍȋȖ ȖȒȕȈ ǪȈȕ
ȍȡȍ ȗȖȓȐȊȈȓ șȊȖȐ ȞȊȍȚȣ Ȉ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ dzȐ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȖȚȊȍȘș-
ȚȐȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȋȖȓțȉȧȚȕȐȒȈ ǶȒȖȓȖ ȌȍșȧȚȒȈ ȋȖȓțȉȍȑ ȗȖȓȍȚȍȓȐ Ȑ
țșȍȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȖȋȘȈȌț ȚȍȘȘȈșȣ ǪȈȕȈ ǬțȔȈȧ, ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȧȚ ȓȍ-
ȚȈȚȤ, ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ ȗȖȏȊȈȓ Ȑȝ ǺȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȋȖȓțȉȐ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓȐșȤ Ȗȕ
ȉȘȖșȐȓ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ DzȈȔȍȕȤ țȌȈȘȐȓ ǪȈȕȈ șȖȉȐȘȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ
șȗțșȚȐȚȤșȧ ș ȚȍȘȘȈșȣ ǶȚ țȌȈȘȈ ǪȈȕ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȘȈȊȕȖȊȍșȐȍ țȗȈȓ
șȊȍȘȝț ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ țȉȐȓșȧ ȕȈ șȔȍȘȚȤ ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ dzȐ ȕȍ ȊșȒȘȐȒ-
ȕțȓ ȏȈȒȘȣȓ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ ȋȖȓțȉȧȚȕȐ Ȑ țȌȈȓȐȓșȧ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȕȈșȚȈȓ ȌȍȕȤ, ȌȍȚȐ Ȑ ȊȕțȒȐ ǪȈȕȈ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȚȘțȗ
— Ƕȕ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ țȉȐȓșȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȖȕȐ
ǭȋȖ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȐȓȐ ș ȗȓȈȟȍȔ ȗȖ ȖȉȣȟȈȦ

52
ǼǯǴǼǾǹǶǰȉǷ ȅdzǾȀ
Ǫ Ǿȏȧȕ-șț ȕȍȒȐȑ dzȐ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȎȍȕȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȎȐȓȐ ȊȔȍ-
șȚȍ ǴțȎț ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȍȡȍ șȖȘȖȒȈ ȓȍȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ țȔȍȘ ǷȖșȓȍ
ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȐ Ȋ ȋȘȖȉ ȕȍțȚȍȠȕȈȧ ȊȌȖȊȈ ȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȓȈ
ȗȘȐȋȊȖȏȌȐȚȤ ȒȘȣȠȒț ǷȖ țȚȘȈȔ Ȑ ȊȍȟȍȘȈȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȖ Ȗȉȣ-
ȟȈȦ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȊȈȓȈ ȗȓȈȒȈȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȘȖȉȖȔ ȊȌȖȊȈ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȈ
ȒȘȣȠȒț Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȖȏȍȘȞȈȓȈ ȚȘțȗ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȔțȎȈ
Ǫ Ǿȏȧȕ-șț ȊȍȘȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ șȍȌȤȔțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȗȖșȓȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȧȊ-
ȓȧȍȚșȧ ȚȍȓȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȍȓȤ ȈȌȈ ȏȈ ȌțȠȖȦ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ
ȝȖȚȍȓ ȖșȚȈȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ Ȋ Țț ȕȖȟȤ ǪȌȖȊȈ ȖȚȊȍȓȈ șȊȖȐȝ Ȍȍ-
Țȍȑ Ȋ ȕȈȌȍȎȕȖȍ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȖȌȕȈ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȚȤ ȋȘȖȉ
șȐȌȧ ȏȈ ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȒȖȑ Ȋ ȈȓȤȒȖȊȍ ǶȒȖȓȖ ȗȖȓțȕȖȟȐ ȓȍȌȧȕȖȍ Ȍț-
ȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȓȖ ȊȍșȤ ȌȖȔ Ȑ șȊȍȚ ȗȖȚțșȒȕȍȓ Ȋ ȓȈȔȗȈȝ ǪșȓȍȌ
ȏȈȚȍȔ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȖȒȕȖ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȑ ȟȍȘȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȠȍșȚȐ
ȜțȚȖȊ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȖȑ, ș ȘȣȎȐȔȐ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ Ȑ ȒȘțȋȓȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ-
ȔȐ Ƕȕ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȘțȒȍ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȍ ȊȐȓȣ Ȉ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȑ Ȋȍ-
ȘȍȊȒț ȟȚȖȉȣ șȊȧȏȈȚȤ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȒȈ ǵȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ
ȕȈ șȚȖȓȐȒȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȘȖȉȖȔ ȉȓȦȌȈ ș ȧșȚȊȈȔȐ Ȗȕ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ
ȉȘȖșȐȓ șȊȖȐ ȊȐȓȣ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ ȊȍȘȍȊȒț Ȑ ȎȈȌȕȖ ȉȘȖ-
șȐȓșȧ ȎȘȈȚȤ Ȑ ȗȐȚȤ Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȌțȠȈ ȔțȎȈ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ
ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȧ Ȑ ș ȗȓȈȟȍȔ ȖȡțȗȣȊȈȧ ȔȍȉȍȓȤ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ
ȈȓȤȒȖȊț Ȑ ȗȘȐȖȚȒȘȣȓȈ ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȒț ǮȍȕȈ ș ȘȣȌȈȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȌȝȊȈ-
ȚȐȓȈ ȍȍ ȘțȒȖȑ ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȓȍȌ ǮȍȕȈ ȕȈșȗȍȝ
ȏȈȊȍȘȕțȓȈ ȍȍ Ȋ ȖȌȍȧȓȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȗȘȧȚȈȚȤ ȖȚ ȘȣȎȍȋȖ ȟȍȘȚȈ.
DzȖȋȌȈ ȟȍȘȚ ȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȎȘȈȚȤ Ȑ ȗȐȚȤ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȐșȒȈȚȤ
ȌțȠț, ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ǮȍȕȈ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȔȐ ȒȘȐȒȈȔȐ șȖȏȊȈȓȈ
șȊȖȐȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ǹȔțȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȘȣȎȐȑ ȟȍȘȚ țȉȍȎȈȓ ȌȖ
ȚȖȋȖ ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȉȣȓ ȌȈȎȍ șȊȖȐ ȊȐȓȣ.
ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ ș ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ șȊȖȐȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȈ Ȋ ȋȘȖȉ ȖȌȍȧ-
ȓȖ, Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȈȊȍȘȕțȚȈ ȌțȠȈ ȔțȎȈ ǺȘțȗ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȖȎȐȓ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȌȣȠȈȚȤ ǮȍȕȈ Ȑ ȌȍȚȐ ȊȣȕțȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȋȘȖȉȈ
ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȐ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ Ȑ ȌȈȓȐ ȍȔț ȊȣȗȐȚȤ ȘȐșȖȊțȦ ȊȖȌȒț ǵȈ
ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȒ șȖȊșȍȔ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȈȔ ǺȖȋ-
ȌȈ Ȏȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐșȤ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȍ ȊȐȓȣ ȊȗȖȗȣȝȈȝ Ȗș-

ȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȚȖȔ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȌȕȐ Ȑȏ Țȍȝ ȊȐȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ
șȎȐȋȈȦȚ ȉțȔȈȎȕȣȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȋ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ
ǴțȎ Ȑ ȎȍȕȈ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐ ȎȐȚȤ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ
ȓȍȚ ǮȍȕȡȐȕȍ țȎ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȌ ȠȍșȚȤȌȍșȧȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȖȌȕȈȎ-
Ȍȣ ȗȖȠȓȈ ȔȖȓȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȝȘȈȔ ȉȖȋȈ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, ȖȕȈ țȊȐ-
ȌȍȓȈ ȌȊțȝ șȚȘȍȓȒȖȊ ȊȍȌțȡȐȝ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȘȣȎȍȋȖ ȟȍȘȚȈ Ȋ ȒȈȕȌȈ-
ȓȈȝ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȚ șȈȔȣȑ ȘȣȎȐȑ ȟȍȘȚ Ƕȕ țȏȕȈȓ ȍȍ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȔȖȍȔț ȖȉȎȖȘșȚȊț Țȣ șȔȖȋȓȈ ȚȖȋȌȈ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ
șȣȋȘȈȚȤ ȥȚț ȠȚțȒț ǪȖȚ țȎȍ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȝȖȎț Ȋ ȒȈȕ-
ȌȈȓȈȝ Ȑȏ ȏȈ ȚȖȑ ȖȠȐȉȒȐ ǵȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȈșȚȈȓ ȔȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȗȖȒȊȐȚȈȚȤșȧ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ...
ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȌȖȔȖȑ ǶȕȈ țȔȍȘȓȈ Ȋ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ
ȌȍȕȤ

54
ǻǮȅǮǹȊǻǶǸ ǯǮǻDzȉ ȅdzǾǻǼDZǼ DzǾǮǸǼǻǮ
Ǫ șȚȈȘȐȕț Ȋ ǽȈȕ-ȟȎȖ-Ȝț ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȕȍȋȖȌȧȐ șȖȍȌȐȕȐȓȐșȤ
Ȋ ȉȈȕȌț ǶȕȐ Ȋșȍ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȊȣȗȐȓȐ ȊȐȕȖ șȔȍȠȈȕȕȖȍ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ
ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȗȖȒȓȧȓȐșȤ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț Ȑ ȊȣȚȈȚțȐȘȖ-
ȊȈȓȐ șȍȉȍ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ ȅȚȈ ȉȈȕ-
ȌȈ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ ȘȈȏȖȘȧȓȈ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ Ȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȘȈȏ-
ȉȖȧȔȐ Ǫ  ȋȖȌț ȊȍȘȝȖȊȕȣȑ șțȌȤȧ ǼȈȕȤ-ȋțșțȈȕ ȗȖȑȔȈȓ Ȑȝ
ǩȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖ ȟȓȍȕȖȊ ȉȈȕȌȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȒȈȏȕȍȕȣ ȕȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ
ȍȍ Ǭțȕ-ȟȈȖ țșȗȍȓ șȒȘȣȚȤșȧ ǵȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȏȎȍ ȧ ȏȈȉȣȓ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȔ ȋȖȌț Țȍ Ȑȏ ȉȈȕȌȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȒȈȏȕȍȕȣ ȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȍȔț
ȊȖ șȕȍ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ
— Ǫȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȖȔ ǬȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ Ȋȣ ȐȏȉȍȋȈ-
ȓȐ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ǵȖ Ȋ ȉțȌțȡȍȔ ȋȖȌț ǵȍȉȖ ȊȈș ȗȖȒȈ-
ȘȈȍȚǬțȕ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȈȗțȋȈȕȕȣȑ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȍȔ șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȑȝ ȕȍȚ ȓȐ
Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ șȗȈșȚȐșȤ
ǹȚȈȘȣȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȐ ȍȔț
— ǶȉȘȈȚȐȚȍșȤ Ȓ ȉȖȕȏȍ șȐȌȧȡȍȔț ȕȈ șȖȓȖȔȍȕȕȖȔ ȚȦȜȧ-
Ȓȍ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȗȈȋȖȌȣ ǩȖ-Ƞț-ȚȈ ǶșȚȈȕȤȚȍșȤ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȓțȠ-
ȕȐȒ ȎȐȊȐȚȍ ȗȖ ȔȖȕȈȠȍșȒȐȔ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȈȔ Ȑ Ȋȣ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ
ȉțȌȍȚȍ șȗȈșȍȕȣ
ǷȘȖșȕțȊȠȐșȤ, Ǭțȕ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ țȒȈȏȈȕȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ Ƕȕ
ȕȈȠȍȓ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȉȖȕȏț șȐȌȧȡȍȋȖ ȕȈ șȖȓȖȔȍȕȕȖȔ ȚȦȜȧȒȍ Ȑ
ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȧȡȍȋȖ șȊȖȐ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ Ǭțȕ țȗȈȓ ȕȐȞ ț ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋ ȗȓȈ-
ȟȈ ȐșȗȖȊȍȌȖȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȋȘȍȝȈȝ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȐȓ șȗȈșȚȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȧȊ Ȋ ȗȖșȓțȠȕȐȒȐ ǩȖȕȏȈ ȊȕȈȟȈȓȍ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȊȣȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚȤ
ȍȋȖ șșȣȓȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȍșȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ Ȓ ȗȘȈȊȍȌȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǵȖ
ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ǭțȕ ȕȈșȚȈȐȊȈȓ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ȉȖȕȏȈ ȚȘȖȕțȚȣȑ ȍȋȖ ȐșȒ-
ȘȍȕȕȐȔ ȘȈșȒȈȧȕȐȍȔ șȘȍȏȈȓ ȍȔț ȊȖȓȖșȣ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ Ȋ ȗȖșȓțȠ-
ȕȐȒȐ Ƕȕ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȞȍȓȖȋȖ
Ȍȕȧ Ȑ ȉȐȚȤ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȑ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȣȏȊȈȚȤ
Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȔȐȓȖșȍȘȌȐȍ ǩțȌȌȣ
ǪȍșȤ ȖșȚȈȚȖȒ ȏȐȔȣ Ȑ ȊșȦ Ȋȍșȕț ȗȖșȓțȠȕȐȒ șȌȍȓȈȓ șȍȉȍ
ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȗȓȖȝȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȐșȒțȗȐȚȤ șȊȖȐ ȋȘȍȝȐ ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȕȈ
ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȣȑ ȔȍșȧȞ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ǭțȕ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ ș șȖȉȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȔȐ-

ȓȖșȚȣȕȍȑ ș ȉȈȏȈȘȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖ ȗțȚȐ ȏȈȠȍȓ Ȋ ȔȍșȚȕȣȑ ȝȘȈȔ ȖȚ-
ȌȖȝȕțȚȤ Ȑ țșȕțȓ ǭȋȖ șȚȈȘȣȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ șȕȖȊȈ ȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȍȔț
ȊȖ șȕȍ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ
— ǪȍȘȕȐșȤ șȒȖȘȍȍ ǪȍȘȕȐșȤ șȒȖȘȍȍ ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȉȖȋ
ȔȖȓȕȐȑ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȚ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ
ǹȚȘȈȝ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȓ ǬțȕȈ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȗȈȋȖ-
Ȍț ǬȍȕȤ ȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȒȖȕȞț ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȊȌȈȓȍȒȍ
ȘȈșȒȈȚȣ ȋȘȖȔȈ ǷȖșȓțȠȕȐȒ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ șȊȖȑ șȖȕ șȚȈȘȖȔț ȉȖȕ-
ȏȍ ǺȖȚ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȦ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȍȋȖ
ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȈ șȊȖȐ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ, ȗȘȐȒȘȣȊ ȍȋȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȔȐ Șț-
ȒȈȊȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȘȈȏȘȈȏȐȓȈșȤ
ȋȘȖȏȈ ǹȍȔȤ ȐȓȐ ȊȖșȍȔȤ ȘȈȏ ȔȖȓȕȐȧ ȗȈȌȈȓȈ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȚȦȜȧȒȈ
ǯȈȚȍȔ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ ȋȘȖȔȣ Ȑ ȔȖȓȕȐȐ ȕȍȉȖ ȖȟȐșȚȐȓȖșȤ Ȑ Ȋȣ-
ȋȓȧȕțȓȈ ȓțȕȈ
— ǶȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ȔȐȕȖȊȈȓȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȉȖȕȏȈ ȗȖȌȕȐ-
ȔȈȧ ȗȖșȓțȠȕȐȒȈ — ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Țȍȉȍ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȖȗȈșȈȚȤșȧ
ǻȉȍȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ șȓȖȊȈȝ ȉȖȕȏȣ, Ǭțȕ ȗȖȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑ
ȖȚȖȠȍȓ ȖȚ șȖȓȖȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȦȜȧȒȈ Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉȓȍșȕțȓȈ ȔȖȓ-
ȕȐȧ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȊȠȈȧșȧ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ ȋȘȖȔȖȔ Ǭțȕ țȗȈȓ, țȉȐ-
Țȣȑ ȔȖȓȕȐȍȑ, ȕȈ ȔȖșȚȖȊȖȑ

56
ǽǼǵDzǻȍȍ ǺdzǿȀȊ
Ǫ ǹț-ȟȎȖț ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ ǾȈȑ-Ȟȏȧ-șȧȕ ȎȐȓ ȕȍȒȐȑ Ǿȏȧȕ-Ƞȥȕ-
ȞȐ ǹȣȕ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȎȍȕȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȌȍȊȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȐȓȍȚȕȍȑ
ȌȍȊȐȞȍ ǹȦȑ ǴȖȓȖȌȣȍ șțȗȘțȋȐ ȕȍȎȕȖ ȓȦȉȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȔȍșȧȞ ȗȖșȓȍ ȊȍȕȞȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȈ
ȊȐȕȖ ȗȖȏȊȈȓȈ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȔțȎȈ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȍȔț
— ȅȚȖ ȘȦȔȒȈ ȘȈȏȓțȒȐ ǹțȌȤȉȍ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȕȣ ȗȖȘȊȈ-
ȓȐ țȏȣ șȖȍȌȐȕȧȦȡȐȍ ȕȈș ǴȖȑ ȟȈș ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȍȋȖ
ȐȏȉȍȋȕțȚȤ ǷȖșȓȖȊȐȞȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ©ǴțȎ Ȑ ȎȍȕȈ — ȒȈȒ ȗȚȐȞȣ
Ȋ ȓȍșț Ȋ șȓțȟȈe ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ șȚȘȍȔȐȚșȧ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ țș-
ȒȖȓȤȏȕțȚȤª ǷȖșȓȍ ȔȖȍȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȕȍ ȖȗȓȈȒȐȊȈȑȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ǯȈȉțȌȤ-
Țȍ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǹȒȈȏȈȊ ȥȚȖ, ȖȕȈ ȘȈȏȘȈȏȐȓȈșȤ ȘȣȌȈȕȐȧȔȐ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȖȕȈ ȒȘț-
ȚȖ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈ ȘȦȔȒț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȍȡȍ Ȋ ȍȍ
ȘțȒȍ ǶȕȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȈșȤ ǰȏ ȍȍ ȋȓȖȚȒȐ ȐșȝȖȌȐȓ
ȔțȎșȒȖȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȋȖȊȖȘȐȊȠȐȑ ȕȈ ȌȐȈȓȍȒȚȍ ȀȈȕȤȌțȕȈ
— ǪșȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȠȤ ȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț Țȣ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȐȕ țȉȐ-
ȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ǰȐȕ-ȒȖȈȕ-ȝț-ȓȦ
ǰ ȖȕȍȔȍȊȠȈȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȉȐȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȗȖ
ȓȐȞț ȌȖ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȖȕȈ șȚȈȓȈ ȕȈȕȖșȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ țȌȈȘȣ ȕȖȎȖȔ
Ȑ ȕȖȎȕȐȞȈȔȐ ȗȖ Țȍȓț.
Ǫșȍ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȖ Ǿȏȧȕ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ țȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȖ ȔșȚȐȚȍȓȧ
ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȋȓȖ Ǫ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȚȘȍȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ
ȒȖȘȟȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȔțȒȈȝ
Ǿȏȧȕ-Ƞȥȕ-ȞȐ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȉȖȕȏț
DzȖȋȌȈ ȚȖȚ ȊȖȠȍȓ, ȔșȚȐȚȍȓȤ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ
— ǷȓȍȠȐȊȣȑ* ǷȓȍȠȐȊȣȑ ǹȚțȗȈȑ șȚțȗȈȑ
ǩȖȕȏȈ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ǿȏȧȕ Ƞȥȕ-ȞȐ
— ǶȕȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȊȖ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȔșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȌțȠȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ
ȐșȒȈȓȈ ȍȍ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȌȊțȝ ȊȍȒȖȊ ǿȍȔ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ ȗȘȐȝȖ-
ȌȐȚ ȔȍșȚȤ ȚȍȔ ȖȕȈ șȚȘȈȠȕȍȍ ȇ șȟȐȚȈȦ ȥȚȖȚ șȓțȟȈȑ ȉȍȏȕȈ-
ȌȍȎȕȣȔ
* Ȼɪɢɬɚɹ ɝɨɥɨɜɚ ɛɨɧɡɵ ɩɨɯɨɠɚ ɧɚ ɩɥɟɲɶ

ǽȞȖșȜȔȓțȖȭ

59
ǿǼǻ Ƕ DzdzǷǿȀǰǶȀdzǹȊǻǼǿȀȊ
ǾȎȟȟȘȎȕ ǹȖȓ-Ȥȡ
ǶȌȐȕ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍ ǿȍȕ șȖȉȐȘȈȧ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȚȖȗ-
ȓȐȊȖ ȕȈȚȒȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȖȋȖ Ȗȓȍȕȧ șȚȈȓ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ
ȍȋȖ Ȑ țȉȐȓ ǶȗȈșȈȧșȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȍ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȋȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖ-
șȗȍȠȕȖ șȗȘȧȚȈȓ țȉȐȚȖȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ Ȋ ȒȈȕȈȊț Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȣȓ ȍȋȖ ȓȐ-
șȚȤȧȔȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȈȌțȧșȤ șȊȖȍȑ țȌȈȟȍ ǪșȒȖȘȍ Ȗȕ ȗȖȏȈȉȣȓ Ȕȍș-
ȚȖ ȋȌȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ Ȗȓȍȕȧ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȐșȕȐȓȖșȤ,
ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȉȖȘȔȖȟȈ Ȋșȓțȝ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȐș-
ȠȍșȚȊȐȐ
ǺȍȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ, ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȖȌșȓțȠȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈ-
ȕȤȍ Ȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȧ șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȗȖȌșȓțȠȈȕȕȣȔ șȓȖȊȈȔ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȑ
ȌȖșȚȈȓ Ȗȓȍȕȧ ǪȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȗȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ șȊȖȍȑ Ȏȍȕȍ
— ǶȌȕȖȔț ȌȘȖȊȖșȍȒț ȗȘȐșȕȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ țȉȐȓ Ȗȓȍȕȧ ȕȍ
Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ țȉȐȚȖȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȇ Ȏȍ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȍȋȖ.
ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ, ȍȋȖ șȖȕ ȉȣȓ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤȦ.
— ȅȚȖ Țȍȉȍ — ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȎȍȕȈ — ȗȘȐșȕȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Țȣ
ȊȐȌȍȓ ȌȘȖȊȖșȍȒȈ ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȗȕ ȕȈȠȍȓ Ȗȓȍȕȧ" ǰ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȓȐ
ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ" ǪȍȌȤ Țȣ ȕȈȠȍȓ Ȗȓȍȕȧ ȒȈȒȐȔ Ȏȍ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȏȖȔ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȍȋȖ șȖȕ ȉȣȚȤ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤȦ"
— ȅȚȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ, — șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ ȔțȎ, — ȧ ȕȈȠȍȓ Ȗȓȍȕȧ ǷȖ-
ȥȚȖȔț ȕȍȊȈȎȕȖ ȗȘȐșȕȐȓșȧ ȓȐ ȌȘȖȊȖșȍȒț ȖȓȍȕȤ ȐȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐ-
șȕȐȓșȧ ȌȘȖȊȖșȍȒ.
DzȖȋȌȈ ȌȘȖȊȖșȍȒ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȗȕ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ
ș ȗȖȚȍȘȍ Ȗȓȍȕȧ Ȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȍȔț ȗȘȐșȕȐȓȖșȤ ȔȍșȚȖ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓ Țȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ ȖȓȍȕȤ Ȑ ȚȖȚ ȒȚȖ Ȋȏȧȓ ȍȋȖ ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ țȚȘȖ Ȗȕ ȘȈȏȣș-
ȒȈȓ ȔȍșȚȖ țȒȈȏȈȕȕȖȍ ȍȔț ȊȖ șȕȍ, Ȑ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȚȈȔ Ȗȓȍȕȧ Ȑ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒȈ ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȏȈȒȖȕȕȣȍ ȠȈȋȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȖ-
ȊȐȚȤ șȊȖȍ ȗȘȈȊȖ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ DzȖȋȌȈ ȌȍȓȖ șȚȈȓȖ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȚȤ-
șȧ șțȌȤȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘ
— ǰșȚȍȞ ȕȈȟȈȓ ș ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ Ȗȓȍȕȧ Ȑ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȍȔȖȋȖ șȕȈ.
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȍȚ ș ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȔ șȕȖȔ Ȑ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȍȔȣȔ
ȖȓȍȕȍȔ ǶȚȊȍȚȟȐȒ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȠȍȓ Ȗȓȍȕȧ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ
ȐșȚȞț ȗȖ ȍȋȖ șȓȖȊȈȔ șȕȐȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȚȟȐȒ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȣȚȈȍȚșȧ

țȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ș ȗȖȒȈȏȈ-
ȕȐȧȔȐ ȍȋȖ Ȏȍȕȣ ȖȉȈ Ȑ ȌȘȖȊȖșȍȒ Ȑ ȖȓȍȕȤ, ȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȐȕȖȍ ȒȈȒ
ȊȣȔȣșȍȓ șȕȈ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȠȍȓ Ȗȓȍȕȧ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ǵȖ ȊȖȚ
ȓȍȎȐȚ ȖȓȍȕȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȊȈȔ ȓțȟȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȔȍȎȌț șȖ-
ȉȖȑ.DzȖȋȌȈ ȒȕȧȏȤ ǿȍȕșȒȐȑ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȥȚț ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ Ȗȕ ȊșȒȘȐ-
ȟȈȓ
— ǹțȌȤȍ șȈȔȖȔț ȗȘȐșȕȐȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ
Ƕȕ ȕȈȊȍȓ șȗȘȈȊȒȐ ț șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȔȤȍȘ-ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ǮȍȓȚȣȑ ǰȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ Ȑ DzȖȕȜțȞȐȑ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ
ȖȚȓȐȟȐȚȤ șȖȕ ȖȚ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȕȖ ȖȕȐ Ȓ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȦ
ȔȍȘȚȊȣ ȇ șȖȊȍȚțȦ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț țȚȊȍȘȌȐȚȤ ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȐȍ șțȌȤȐ

ȋǹǶǸǿǶǾ ǿǺdzǾȀǶ
ǸȖȠȎȗȟȘȎȭ ȟȘȎȕȘȎ
ǶȌȕȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȘȐșȓȈȓȖ ȒȕȧȏȦ ǿȍȕșȒȖȐț ȏȓȐȒșȐȘ ȉȍșșȔȍȘ-
ȚȐȧ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕ ȗȖ ȖȉȣȟȈȦ ȗȘȐȊȘȈȚȕȐȒȖȔ
— ǵțȎȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȚȤ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǫȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȌȊȖȘȞȖ-
Ȋȣȑ șȚȘȈȎ
— ǬȈ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȗȘȐȊȘȈȚȕȐȒ
ǪșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȥȚȐȔ ǫȓȈȊȕȣȑ șȚȘȈȎ țȒȘȈȓ ȥȓȐȒșȐȘ Ȑ ȗȘȖȋȓȖ-
ȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ǻȏȕȈȊ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ, ȗȘȐȕȞ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȋ ȧȘȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ
ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȒȈȏȕȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ǵȖ ǫȓȈȊȕȣȑ șȚȘȈȎ ȗȖșȓȈȓ șȊȖȍȋȖ
ȌȘțȋȈ ȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȕȍȋȖ ǺȖȚ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȕȧȏȦ
— ǹȓțȋȈ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ǪȣșȖȟȍșȚȊȈ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȗȘȐȊȘȈȚȕȐȒȈ ȌȖȓȎ-
ȕȖȓȐ ȓȍȒȈȘșȚȊȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȖȋȓȖȟȍȕȕȣȔ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȚ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
țȚȊȍȘȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȈȠ șȓțȋȈ șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ
ǷȖȘȐȞȈȚȤ ȕȈȌȖ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȊȘȈȚȕȐȒȈ DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȍșȓȐ
ȊȈȠȍȔț ǪȣșȖȟȍșȚȊț ȗȖȌȈȘȐȓȐ ȥȓȐȒșȐȘ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ
ȊȈȠ șȓțȋȈ ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋȣ țȉȐȊȈȍȚȍ ȍȋȖ ȧșȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ
ȥȓȐȒșȐȘ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȥȓȐȒșȐȘȖȔ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȑ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ Ȋȣ
ȗȘȍȌȈȊȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒȈ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚȍ Ȑȏ
ȓȦȌȍȑ ȏȈȉȈȊț
DzȕȧȏȤ ȗȖȡȈȌȐȓ ȎȐȏȕȤ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȓțȋȐ
ǷȍȘ ș Ȉȕȋȓ Ǩ ǹ ǩțȧȕȖȊȈ

62
ǸǼǾǼǹȊ ǵǺdzǷ
ǸȖȠȎȗȟȘȎȭ ȟȘȎȕȘȎ)
Ǫ șȚȘȈȕȍ ȏȔȍȑ ȒțȌȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȈȔ ȏȈȗȘȍȚȍȕ
ȊȝȖȌ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȑ ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ țȉȐ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȊșȧȒțȦ ȏȔȍȦ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȡțȦșȧ ȗȖȉȓȐȏȖșȚȐ ȎȐȓȐ șȊȖȍȑ
ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ȥȚȐ ȗȘȍșȔȣȒȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ǶȕȐ ȐȔȍȓȐ șȊȖȐ
șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȈȒȖȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȓȐ șȊȖȐ ȊȏȈȐȔȕȣȍ
ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ șȊȖȐ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȈ ȟȍșȚȐ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȖȉȓȈȋȖȘȈ-
ȎȐȊȈȦȡȍȍ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȏȔȍȐȕȖȍ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ǪȣșȖȒȖ
ȘȈȏȊȐȚȣȑ Ȑ țȚȖȕȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ șȗȖșȖȉșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȋȣ-
șȖȒȖȔț ȞȐȊȐȓȐȏȖȊȈȕȕȖȔț șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȦ ȟȍȔ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ ȌȘțȋȖȔ,
ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȐȏȒȖȔ ȘȈȏȘȧȌȍ ȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȑ ǹȖȏȌȈȚȍȓȧ
ǪșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȓțȟȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑȏ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ
ȗȍȘȍȌȖȊȣȝ ȗȖ șȊȖȐȔ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȐȧȔ ȏȔȍȑ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȕȍțȌȖ-
ȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȕȣȔȐ Ȑȝ ȕȐȏȒȐȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍȔ Ȋ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȍ Ȑ ȐȔȍ-
ȓȐ ȟȍșȚȖȓȦȉȐȊȣȍ șȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȐȧ ȐȏȉȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗȘȍȊȘȈ-
ȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǯȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ
ȌȍȑșȚȊțȦȡȐȑ ȋȍȘȖȑ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ
ȅȚȈ ȏȔȍȧ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȔțȌȘȖșȚȐ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ Ȑ ȗȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌșȚȊț
ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȐȏȉȘȈȕȈ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȔ Ȑ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȓȈ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȗȖȌ-
ȌȈȕȕȣȔȐ șȖ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȉȍșȗȘȐșȚȘȈșȚȐȍȔ, șȌȍȓȈȊȠȐ-
ȔȐ ȍȍ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȗȖȗțȓȧȘȕȖȑ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȒȓȈșșȈȝ ȏȔȍȐȕȖȋȖ
ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȚȖȑ ȊȓȈșȚȤȦ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘțȦ ȍȑ ȌȈȓȐ Ȑ ȕȍ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓȈșȤ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈ șȗȖșȖȉ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ ȖȉȘȈȏ țȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȧ Ȋșȍ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ
șȊȖȍȑ ȕȈȚțȘȣ ǶȕȈ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȗȖ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȦ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒȈ Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ ȗȘȈȊȧ șȊȖȐȔ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ Ȑ
ȗȖȓȤȏțȧșȤ ȘȈȌȖșȚȧȔȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȑ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ
ȅȚȖȚ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ ȏȔȍȑ ȏȈȕȧȓ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ
ȗȖȔȍȡȐȒȈ Ȑ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȧ ȒȘțȗȕȣȔȐ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈȔȐ ȒțȗȐȓ ȕȍȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȍ ȐȔȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȈȚȤ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȏȕȈȕȐȍ ǭȋȖ șȈȌȣ ȉȣȓȐ
ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ, ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ Ȗ ȏȈȚȘȈȟȍȕȕȣȝ
ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȌȍȕȤȋȈȝ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȓȐ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȈȔȣȍ

63
ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȍ ȞȊȍȚȣ, ȘȖșȠȐȍ Ȋ DzȐȚȈȍ, ȕȖ Ȑ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȘȍȌȒȐȍ ȘȈșȚȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȞȊȍȓȐ Ȋ ǹȘȍȌȐȕȕȖȔ ǫȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ ȌȖșȚȈȓ Ȑȏ șȊȖȐȝ șȖȉșȚ-
Ȋȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȓȈȌȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȐ ȓȦȉȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȐȔȐ ș ȖșȖȉȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ Ȑ ȊȖșȝȐȡȍȕȐȍȔ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȖȉȝȖȌȧ șȊȖȐ șȈȌȣ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ, ș
ȌȍȓȖȊȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȝȖȌȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȕȐȒȈ Ȓ ȌȘțȋȖȔț Ȑ
șȘȣȊȈȊȠȍȋȖ ș ȕȐȝ ȓțȟȠȐȍ ȞȊȍȚȣ ǷȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȔț
Ȗȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȒȈȒ șȔȍȓ Țȣ ȗȘȐȑȚȐ Ȋ ȔȖȑ șȈȌ Ȑ ȘȊȈȚȤ ȞȊȍȚȣ"
— ȇ ȘȊț Ȑȝ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ȚȖȚ — Ȍȓȧ ȔȖȐȝ ȌȖȟȍȘȍȑ, ȐȔȍȦ-
ȠȐȝ șȐȓȤȕțȦ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȓ ȞȊȍȚȈȔ
— ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȖȟȍȘȍȑ ț Țȍȉȧ Ȑ ȒȈȒȖȊȣ ȖȕȐ Ȑȏ șȍȉȧ" — șȗȘȖ-
șȐȓ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ.
— ǿȍȚȣȘȍ — Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȎȐȊțȚ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȓȦȉȓȦ Ȑȝ
ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȈȓ Ȑȝ ȏȈȔțȎ ȝȖȚȧ ȐȔȍȓ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȑ ȖȚ șȖșȍȌȕȐȝ ȖȚȞȖȊ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊ ȎȍȓȈȊȠȐȝ
ȊȏȧȚȤ Ȑȝ Ȋ Ȏȍȕȣ Ȍȓȧ șȊȖȐȝ șȣȕȖȊȍȑ ǹȚȈȘȠȈȧ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ Ȕȍȕȍȍ
ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȈ ȟȍȔ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȘȧȉȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȕȖ ȏȈ-
ȚȖ ȖȌȈȘȍȕȈ șȐȓȤȕȣȔ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȖȔ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȔ
țȔȖȔ ț ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȓȐȞȖ ȒȘțȋȓȖȍ ȒȈȒ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕ ț ȚȘȍȚȤȍȑ Ȏȍ ȗȖ-
ȝȖȎȍ ȕȈ țȚȐȕȖȍ ȧȑȞȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȒ ȓȐȞȖ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȖȑ șȈȔȖȑ ȒȘȈ-
șȐȊȖȑ Ȑȏ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȒțȘȐȕȖȔț ȧȑȞț*.
* ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɤɢɬɚɣɰɟɜ ɨ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɟ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨ-
ɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ — ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɫɟɛɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɵ
əɣɰɨ ɤɭɪɢɰɵ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɇɟɬ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɞɥɹ
ɠɟɧɳɢɧɵ ɤɚɤ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɥɢɰɨ ɟɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ ɤɭɪɢɧɨɝɨ ɹɣɰɚ
ɇɚ Ɂɚɩɚɞɟ ɬ ɟ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɰɟɜ
 ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɪ-
ɦɟ ɪɬɚ ɢ ɧɨɫɚ ɢ ɰɜɟɬɭ ɝɥɚɡ ȼ Ʉɢɬɚɟ ɠɟ ɜɫɟ ɝɥɚɡɚ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ —ɱɟɪ-
ɧɨɝɨ Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɢ ɛɥɟɫɬɹɳɢɟ ɜɫɟɦ ɧɪɚɜɹɬɫɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɇɨɫɵ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚ-
ɡɨɦ ɦɨɧɝɨɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɢ ɫɤɥɨɧɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɥɨɫɤɢɦɢ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɪɨɬ ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɛɵɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɷɬɢ ɱɟɪɬɵ ɩɪɢɞɚɜɚɹ ɨɫɨɛɵɣ ɯɚ-
ɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɜɫɹɤɨɣ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɤɪɚɫɢɜɚ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɜɫɟɣ ɮɢɡɢɨɧɨɦɢɢ
ɢ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚ ɥɢɰɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɯɨɠɟ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɧɚ ɤɭɪɢɧɨɟ ɹɣɰɨ ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ
ɧɚ ɧɟɤɪɚɫɢɜɵɣ ɧɨɫ ɢɥɢ ɪɨɬ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɚ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɨɣ Ɋɚɡɭ-
ɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɟɫɥɢ ɟɟ ɱɟɪɬɵ ɢɫɩɨɪɱɟɧɵ ɤɚɤɢɦ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬ-

64
DzȖȘȖȓȤ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȕȐȒ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ȝȖȚȧ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȍ șȊȖȍȑ
ȉȣȓ ȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȐȕȖȍ ȒȈȒ ȏȔȍȧ ȏȈȧȊȐȓ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȖȔț șȚȈȘȐȒț
ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȊȏȧȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚțȦ ȌȖȟȤ șȍȉȍ Ȋ Ȏȍȕȣ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ
ȖȕȈ șȈȔȈ ȕȍ ȧȊȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȔ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈ ȕȍȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȔ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȌȍșȧȚȐ Ȍȕȍȑ ȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȈȠȓȍȚ ȔȈșșț
ȏȔȍȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ Ȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȐșȚȘȍȉȧȚ ȍȋȖ șȖ ȊșȍȔ
șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȖȔ
ǫȓțȉȖȒȖ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȥȚȖȑ țȋȘȖȏȖȑ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ Ȑ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȤȦ
ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȠȍȋȖ ȍȍ ȒȖȘȖȓȧ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȑ ȓȍȋ ȖȚ
ȖȋȖȘȟȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ ǹȚȈȘȠȈȧ ȌȖȟȤ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȑ șȗȘȖ-
șȐȓȈ ȟȚȖ ș ȕȐȔ Ƕȕ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȟȍ-
Șȍȑ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȣȌȈȕȈ ȏȈȔțȎ ȏȈ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȉȖȋȈȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
șȈȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȍȚȐȓ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȚȖ ȔȈșșȈ ȏȔȍȑ ȗȘȐȗȖȓȏȍȚ
Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȑ ȐșȚȘȍȉȐȚ ȍȋȖ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ ȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȎȍȓȈȍȚ ȓȐ ȖȕȈ șȗȈșȚȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ ȖȚ ȕȈȌȊȐȋȈȦȡȍȑșȧ ȗȖȋȐ-
ȉȍȓȐ Ȑ șȖȋȓȈșȐȚȤșȧ șȌȍȓȈȚȤșȧ ȎȍȕȖȑ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ȅȚȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȌȍȊȐȞȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
ȌȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȖȑ ȒȈȒ
ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȚȖȚ ȜȈȒȚ ȟȚȖ ȖȚȍȞ șȟȐȚȈȓ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȔ ȗȘȖșȐȚȤ
ȍȍ șȖȋȓȈșȐȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȔȣȑ ȉȘȈȒ * ǬȖȟȤ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȚȊȍ-
ȚȐȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȐȒȖȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȔȍȚ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ
Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȓțȟȠȍ ȍșȓȐ ȍȍ ȖȚȍȞ ȗȖȋȐȉȕȍȚ ȖȚ ȏȔȍȑ ȟȍȔ ȍȑ
ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȎȐȚȤ ș ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȊȐȌȕȖ țȎȍ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ
ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘț ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȔ ȗȖ ȖȚȕȖ-
ȠȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ǹȚȈȘȐȒ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȖȉȍșȗȖȒȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȕȍșȊȖȑ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ Ȍȓȧ ȌȖȟȍȘȐ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍȔ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȔ ȖȚȊȍ-
ȚȖȔ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖșȤȉț ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ ș ȔȖȓȤȉȖȑ Ȗ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȒȖ ȊȚȖ-
ɤɨɦ ɬɨ ɟɟ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɚ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɟɬ ɢ ɨɧɚ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɦɟ-
ɫɬɧɵɯ ɤɪɚɫɚɜɢɰ
* ȼ Ʉɢɬɚɟ ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɫɩɪɚɲɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɹ ɞɟɜɭɲɟɤ ɜ ɞɟɥɟ
ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɢɯ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜ ȼɫɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɭɫɬɪɚɢ-
ɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɛɟɡ ɜɟɞɨɦɚ ɞɟɜɭɲɤɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɞɚɠɟ ɢ ɧɟ ɡɧɚɟɬ ɨ
ɛɪɚɱɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɪɚɯ ɩɨɤɚ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɞɨɣɞɭɬ ɞɨ ɬɨɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ
ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɚɞɨ ɨɬɜɟɫɬɢ ɧɟɜɟɫɬɭ ɜ ɞɨɦ ɟɟ ɧɚɪɟɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ Ɍɨ ɠɟ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶ-
ɫɬɜɨ ɱɬɨ ɨɬɰɭ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɟɦ ɤ ɧɟɜɟɫɬɟ ɯɚɪɚɤ-
ɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɫɥɚɛɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɞɟɥɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɦɨɦ

65
ȘȖȑ Ȑ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȑ ȗȖ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȐ ȕȖ Ȗȉȍ ȖȕȐ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȐșȤ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȓȐȉȖ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȧȊȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ
Ȑȝ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȚȖ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ Ȗȕ ȎȐȊ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ
ǿȍȚȊȍȘȚȈȧ ȌȖȟȤ ȗȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ ©ǴȐȕȌȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȞȊȍȚ» ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȍ-
ȒȘȈșȕȍȍ Ȋșȍȝ ǭȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȓȖ ȚȐȗȐȟȕȣȔ ȖȊȈ-
ȓȖȔ șȚȖȓȤ ȕȘȈȊȧȡȐȔșȧ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈȔ ȕȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖșȚȤ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȍȡȍ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȖȑ ȍȍ ȌțȠȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ, ȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȖșȤ șȊȍȚȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȓȐȞȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȈȓȈ ȍȔț ȋȘȈȞȐȦ Ȑ ȌȖ-
șȚȖȐȕșȚȊȖ
ǶȕȈ ȐȔȍȓȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȓȈȉȖȍ ȕȍȎȕȖȍ șȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȍș-
șȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȚȘȍȔȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȘȈȏȓȐȊȈȚȤ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȊȖ-
ȒȘțȋ șȍȉȧ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȧ șȊȖȐ ȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȣ ǷȘȐ ȕȈȌȔȍȕȕȖȔ
țȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȌȖȔȖȔ ȍȍ șȚȈȘȠȍȑ șȍșȚȘȖȑ, ȖȕȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ
șȐȓȤȕȖȔ ȗȖȘȈȉȖȡȍȕȐȐ ȕȖ, ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ, ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ-
ȓȈ ȗȖȋȈșȐȚȤ ȚȖ ȕȍȎȕȖȍ ȓȦȉȧȡȍȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȐȚȈȓȈ Ȋ
șȊȖȍȔ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȗȖ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȐȔ ȟȓȍȕȈȔ șȍȔȍȑ-
șȚȊȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȚȍȞ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ș ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȔ ȕȍ șȖȋȓȈșȐȚșȧ
ȓȐ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȕȍșȚȐ șȍȉȧ ȘȈȌȐ ȕȍȋȖ Ȋ ȎȍȘȚȊț ȖȕȈ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ
șȒȘȖȔȕȖ șȖ șȓȍȏȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ, ș ȟțȊșȚȊȖȔ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ:
— dzțȟȠȍ ȧ țȔȘț ȟȍȔ ȗȖșȚȘȈȌȈȍȚ ȔȖȑ ȖȚȍȞ — ǰ ȗȘȖȐȏ-
ȕȍșȓȈ ȥȚȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȕȍȎȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȖȚȍȞ șȘȈȏț ȗȖ-
ȕȧȓ ȒȈȒțȦ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕțȦ ȌȖȟȤ Ȗȕ ȐȔȍȍȚ Ȋ ȓȐȞȍ ©ǴȐȕȌȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈª
ǭȍ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȖșȚȤ ȚȘȖȕțȊȠȈȧ ȌȖ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ȌțȠȐ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ-
ȖȚȞȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓȈ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȕȍȐȏȋȓȈȌȐȔȖȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȌȈȓȍ-
ȒȖ ȏȈ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȈȔȐ ȌȖȔȈ ȋȌȍ ȎȐȓȈ ©ǴȐȕȌȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȞȊȍȚ». ǬțȝȐ,
ȕȈȝȖȌȧȡȐȍșȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȋ ȗȖȐșȒȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȣȝ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȖȊ ȎȐ-
Țȍȓȍȑ ȏȍȔȓȐ țșȓȣȠȈȓȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȗȖȓȕȣȍ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȍȔȣȍ
©ǴȐȕȌȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȞȊȍȚȖȔª Ȓ ȍȍ ȖȚȞț Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȖȕȈ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȓȈ
ȋȖȚȖȊȕȖșȚȤ țȔȍȘȍȚȤ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȓȐșȤ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȔ
șȐȓȤȕȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȊȖșȝȐȡȍȕȐȧ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȍȦ șȈȔȖȗȖȎȍȘȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȕȐȍȔ ©Ǵȣ ȏȕȈȍȔ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȝ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕȍ Ȍț-
ȝȖȊ — ȟȚȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȥȚȖȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȉțȌțȚ șȖ-
ȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȚȤșȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȍȓȧ ȍȍ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ, ȍșȓȐ
Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȔ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȕȍșȍȚ ȒȖȏȕȍȑ
ȍȍ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖȋȐȉȕȍȚ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȧ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕ ȗȖșȓȈȚȤ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ
Ȑȏ ȊȈș ȕȈ ȌȈȓȍȒțȦ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȑ ȊșȦȌț șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȖȚȊȘȈ-

66
ȡȈȧ ȊșȧȒȐȍ ȗȖȒțȠȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ǭȌȊȈ Ȗȕ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȓ șȊȖȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȒȈȒ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ șȈȔȣȝ ȏȕȈȔȍ-
ȕȐȚȣȝ ȌțȝȖȊ șȓțȠȈȊȠȐȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ ȗȘȖ ©ǴȐȕȌȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȞȊȍȚª
șȐȌȧ ȕȈ ȘȖșȐȕȒȍ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȗȘȖșȊȍȟȐȊȈȓȈ ȘȈȌțȋȈ ȗȖ-
ȓȍȚȍȓ șȖ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤȦ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȓțȟȈ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ Ȓ Ȍȍ-
ȘȍȊȕȍ ȋȌȍ ȎȐȓȈ ȕȈȠȈ ȋȍȘȖȐȕȧ
ǹȘȖȒ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȔ ȏȔȍȑ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȐȉȣȚȐȧ ȕȍȊȍș-
Țȣ, ȗȖȟȚȐ ȐșȚȍȒȈȓ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ țȚȘȖ ȌȍșȧȚȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȍȘȍȌ
ȌȖȔȖȔ ©ǴȐȕȌȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈª ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȉȍȌȕȖ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȍȊ-
ȠȐȍ ȕȖșȐȓȒȐ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȍ ȕȈ Țȍ ȗȣȠȕȣȍ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ
ȊȖȏȧȚ șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȖȉȣȟȈȦ ȕȍȊȍșȚ ǷȘȐȕȍșȠȐȍ Ȑȝ ȓȦȌȐ ȐȔȍȓȐ
ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ Ȑ ȗȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȔȈȕȍȘȈȔ Ȑ ȖșȈȕȒȍ
ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȌȈȎȍ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȐȏȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ, ȟȍȔ ȖȉȣȒ-
ȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȒțȓȐ Ȋ DzȐȚȈȍ ǶȕȐ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȓȈȕȣ șȊȖȐȔ
ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȖȔ ȗȘȐȊȍȏȚȐ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚțȦ ȌȖȟȤ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȔ Ȑ ȉțȌțȚ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȈȌȣ ȍșȓȐ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȚȖȘȖȗȐȚșȧ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȐȔ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȐȚ
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗțȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț ȖȕȐ ȎȍȓȈȦȚ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ șȒȖȘȍȍ
ǷȘȐ ȊȐȌȍ ȉȍȌȕȣȝ șȊȈȌȍȉȕȣȝ ȕȖșȐȓȖȒ Ȑ ȒțȓȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍșȚȐ ȍȍ, ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȗȖȌȈȊȓȧȍȔȖȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȖ
ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ ©ǴȐȕȌȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȞȊȍȚª ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȌțȔȈȓȈ ȐȏȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȕȍșȚȐ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȎȍȘȚȊț ȟȚȖ, ȊȍȘȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ,
ȍȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȓȖ ǵȈȌȍȊ ȓțȟȠȍȍ Ȑȏ ȗȓȈȚȤȍȊ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ ȗȘȖ-
șȚȐȚȤșȧ ș ȓȦȉȐȔȣȔ ȖȚȞȖȔ Ȑ Ȗȕ ș șȍȘȌȞȍȔ ȗȖȓȕȣȔ ȋȖȘȍșȚȐ
ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ, ȋȌȍ ȖȕȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȎȐȚȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖșȓȍ
Ȗȕ ȔȖȋ ȕȈȊȍșȚȐȚȤ ȍȍ Ȋ ȍȍ ȕȖȊȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ
— ǴȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȐȌȍȚ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ, — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ — Ȑ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȧ
ȏȈȝȖȟț ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȒȈȒ Țȣ ȎȐȊȍȠȤ ȇ ȕȍ țșȗȖȒȖȦșȤ ȌȖ Țȍȝ
ȗȖȘ, ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȉțȌț țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ Țȣ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȈ Ȑ ȔțȎ ȓȦȉȐȚ Țȍ-
ȉȧ Ȑ șȚȈȘȈȍȚșȧ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȚȊȖȦ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȌȖȊȖȓȤ-
șȚȊȈǬȖȟȤ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȕȕȈȧ Ȓ ȖȚȞț ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ, ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒ
Ȏȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȉȣ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȍȍ, Ȑ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț ȉȍȘȍȚ ș șȖ-
ȉȖȑ Ȋ ȕȖșȐȓȒȐ ȒȖȕȖȗȓȧȕȖȍ șȍȔȧ Ȑ ȔȍȓȒȐȍ ȉȖȉȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȘȖȕȧȚȤ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ țȒȈȏȈȚȤ
ȗțȚȤ Ȓ ȍȍ ȕȖȊȖȔț ȌȖȔț ǹȒȈȏȈȊ ȥȚȖ ȖȕȈ șȍȓȈ Ȋ ȗȘȐȕȍșȍȕȕȣȍ
Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ ȕȖșȐȓȒȐ ȗȖȌȈȊȓȧȧ Ȑ șȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȊȠȍȍ ȍȍ ȊȖȓȕȍ-
ȕȐȍ ǭȍ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȕȍșȓȐ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȖșȐȓȤȡȐȒȐ ȗȘȐȕȈȌ-

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ȓȍȎȈȊȋȈȐȍ Ȋ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȓ ȏȔȍȐȕȖȑ ȗȖȘȖȌȍ ǷȘȐ ȗȖ-
ȊȖȘȖȚȍ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȖȕȈ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓȈ Ȑȏ ȊȐȌț șȊȖȍȋȖ ȖȗȍȟȈ-
ȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȥȚȐȒȍȚț, șȚȈȘȐȒ-ȖȚȍȞ
ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȌțȔȈȊȠȐȑ Ȗ ȌȖȟȍȘȐ Ȑ Ȗ ȗȖșȚȐȋȠȍȑ ȍȍ șțȌȤȉȍ ȖȚ-
ȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈȊȍșȚȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȧșȤ Ȗ ȕȍȑ ǷȘȖȑȌȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȠȈȋȖȊ ȖȚ ȌȖȔȈ ș ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ țșȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȊȕȐȏ Ȗȕ Ȋȕȍ-
ȏȈȗȕȖ Ȓ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ șȊȖȍȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ șȍȔȍȕȈ ȘȈȏȉȘȖșȈȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȓȦȉȧȡȍȑ ȌȖȟȍȘȤȦ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌȐȚȤ ȐȔ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȍȋȖ
ȗȖȐșȒȖȊ Ǫ ȓȐȕȐȐ ȥȚȐȝ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȘȣȊȈ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȚȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȐȌȧ ȕȈ șȊȖȦ ȋȐȉȍȓȤ ȔȖȋȓȈ
Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ș ȕȍȎȕȖȑ ȏȈȉȖȚȓȐȊȖșȚȤȦ ȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȘȈȌȐ ȒȖȋȖ
ȖȚȌȈȊȈȓȈ șȊȖȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǷȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ
ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ, șȓȍȌ ȊȌȘțȋ țȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȖȚ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȑ ȌȖ-
ȘȖȋȐ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȒȘȈșȐȊțȦ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ ȗȖȘȖșȠțȦ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ-
ȔȐ Ȑ ȌȐȒȐȔȐ ȞȊȍȚȈȔȐ șȘȍȌȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȚȍȒȓȐ ȘȍȟȒȐ ǷȖșȚȍ-
ȗȍȕȕȖ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȊȐȌ ȗȈȘȒȈ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȖȋȖ
șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐ ȌȖȔȍ ȗȖȔȍȡȐȒȈ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȘȖșȓȐ ȘȍȌȒȐȍ Ȟȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ Ȑ ȞȊȍȚȣ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȓȐ ȊȖȏȌțȝ șȊȖȐȔ ȈȘȖȔȈȚȖȔ
Ǫșȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȗȍȘȍȕȍșȍȕȕȣȔ Ȑȏ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȒȈȏȖȟȕȖȑ
șȚȘȈȕȣ ȟȍȔ ȏȍȔȕȣȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȓȐȉȖ ȐȔ ȊȐȌȍȕȕȣȔ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȊȗȈȓ Ȋ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȐȌȍȚ ȓȐ Ȗȕ ȗȖ ȗȖȔȍșȚȤȦ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȋȖ-ȓȐȉȖ ȏȕȈȚȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȉȣ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ
ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ șȍȔȍȕȈ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȟȍȘȤȦ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȍȔț ȌȖȘȖȋț ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȘȖȑȌȧ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ
șȘȍȌȐ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȣȝ șȈȌȖȊ Ȗȕ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ Șȧ-
ȌȖȔ ȏȌȈȕȐȑ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȊȠȐȝ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȒȈȒȖȔț-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
ȒȘțȗȕȖȔț ȉȖȋȈȟț ȅȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȖ Ȋ ȏȈȔȍȠȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ Ǫ ȕȐȝ
ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȉȣ ȎȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȟȤ ȗȖȒȐȕțȊȠȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȉȍȌ-
ȕȖȑ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȍ ǿțȊșȚȊțȧ șȍȉȧ ȕȍȓȖȊȒȖ Ȑ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȊȈȧșȤ ȊȖȏ-
ȊȘȈȚȐȚȤșȧ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȗȕ șȕȖȊȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ șȐȔȊȖȓȣ
ȓȦȉȊȐ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȟȍȘȐ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍ ȓȍȎȈȊȠȐȍ ȕȈ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȍ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ, ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈșșȍȧȚȤ ȔȖȋțȡȐȍ
ȊȖȏȕȐȒȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȍȋȖ țȔȍ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ ǪșȧȒȐȍ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȕȐȧ ț ȕȍȋȖ
ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȑȌȧ Ȓ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȔț ȊȝȖȌț Ȗȕ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȘȈȚȕȐȒȈ ȌȖȔȈ ȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ ǷȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȌȕȖ
ȖȌȍȚȖȋȖ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȚȖȚ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȓșȧ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȓȐ Ȋȣș-
ȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ șȖ ȌȊȖȘȈ ȕȖ ȏȈȚȍȔ ș ȗȖȒȘȖȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ

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șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȍȔț ȌȍȓȖ ȌȖ ȍȋȖ ȋȖșȗȖȎȐ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȉȍȌ-
ȕȣȑ ȖȚȍȞ ȔȖȋ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȏȈȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȍȔț ȊȖȗȘȖș ȍȋȖ țȊȐ-
ȌȍȓȈ ȌȖȟȤ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȊȠȈȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȗȖ ȌȊȖȘț Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐ-
ȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ș ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ țȓȣȉȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȓȐȞȖȔ ǹȝȊȈȚȐȊ ȖȚȞȈ
ȏȈ ȘțȒț ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȊȍȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȊȖ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȊȣȘȈȎȈȧ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȍȋȖ ț șȍȉȧ ǶȕȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȈ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ș ȕȍȑ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȗȈȔȧȚȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȘȈș-
șȚȈȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ ȌțȔȈȓȈ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȋșȍ ȍȍ șȚȘȈȝȐ
ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȓȖȎȕȣȔȐ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ șȊȖȍ-
ȋȖ șțȗȘțȋȈ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȍȍ ș ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ Ȑ ȕȍȎȕȣȔ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ȏȈȊȖȍȊȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȍȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ
— ȇ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȖȎȈȓȍȦ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȕȍ
țȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȈȠȍ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ
ȌȖȓȋȖȍ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȚșȧ ȓȐȠȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȕȍȌȍȓȤ ǵȖ Ȋȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȔȖȑ ȌȖȔ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
ȖȕȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȍȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈȔ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȋȖ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȊ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗ-
ȕȣȍ ȊȍȡȐ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȉșȚȈȊȓȍȕȈ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȌȖȔȈ
ǷȖ ȘȖșȒȖȠȐ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȕȈ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ-
șȒȐȑ ȌȊȖȘȍȞ ȟȍȔ ȕȈ ȎȐȓȐȡȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖȋȖ șȔȍȘȚȕȖȋȖ ǹȚȈȘȐȒ
ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȝ Ȋȍȡȍȑ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ Ȑ ȉȣȓ
Ȋȕȍ șȍȉȧ ȖȚ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȧ ǹȘȍȌȐ Ȋșȍȑ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȍȔȖȑ ȐȔ ȘȈȌȖ-
șȚȐ Ȗȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȉȍȏȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȖȍ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ
ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȓȦȉȐȔȈȧ ȌȖȟȤ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȊȠȈȧ șȊȖȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȏȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȈ Ȑ ȍȍ ȌȖȟȍȘȕȧȧ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȖșȚȤ ȊȖȏȕȈȋȘȈȎȌȍȕȈ ȕȍ-
ȉȖȔ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȌȖȔȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȖȕȈ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȈ
ǷȘȖȋȖșȚȐȊ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ț ©ǴȐȕȌȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈª Ȗȕ
ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȑ ȌȖȔ ȕȈȋȘțȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȔȐ ȗȖȌȈȘ-
ȒȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ȠȍȓȒȈ Ȑ ȈȚȓȈșȈ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖ ȕȈȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȍȋȖ ȌȖ-
ȟȍȘȤȦ ǪȍȓȐȒȖ ȉȣȓȖ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȌȖȟȍȘȍȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȖȚȍȞ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ȐȔ ȗȘȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȐȍ ȌȊȖȘȞȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ
ȎȐȊȍȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȑȝ șȍșȚȘȈ ǿțȊșȚȊȖ ȏȈȊȐșȚȐ Ȑ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȑ ȋȖȘȍ-
ȟȐ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȓȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ șȚȈȘȠȍȑ șȍșȚȘȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐ-
ȓȈ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȓȖșȤ ȍȑ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ șȈȔȈ ȖȚ ȊșȍȋȖ ȖȚȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȈșȤ ǶȕȈ șȚȈȓȈ țȚȍȠȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȖȚȍȞ ȔȕȖȋȖȍ ȗȘȍ-
țȊȍȓȐȟȐȓ, ȟȚȖ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȚȈȒ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȖȕȈ ȘȍȠȐȓȈ ȓțȟȠȍ ȘȈȏțȏȕȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ șȈȔȈ Ȑ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȤ
ȌȊȖȘȍȞ șȍșȚȘȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȓȐȟȕȖ țȉȍȌȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȋșȍ-

69
ȋȖ șȓȣȠȈȕȕȖȋȖ
ǫȖȘȧ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȘȍȊȕȖșȚȤȦ ȗȘȐ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȍȍ
șȍșȚȘȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȖȕȈ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ș ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȐȍȔ șȟȐ-
ȚȈȧ ȋȓțȗȖȑ Ȋ ȌȈȕȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȝȖȏȧȑȒȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȌȊȖȘȞȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȏȈȊȚȘȈ Ȏȍ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȟțȌȍșȈ ȗȘȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȖȚȍȞ DzȈȒ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȓ ȌȖȔț ȚȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ
ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȍȍ șȚȘȈȝ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȧ ȖȚȞȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ
ȍȑ șȓȈȉȣȔȐ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȡȍȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȟȐ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍ-
ȗȐȧ Ȑ ȋȘȈȕȌȐȖȏȕȖșȚȐ ǵȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȖȔ ȖȕȈ ȖȚȓȐȟȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓȈ șȍȉȍ ȏȈȉȣȚȤ ȏȈȚȈȍȕȕțȦ
Ȋ ȌțȠȍ ȞȍȓȤ ȘȈȌȐ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȔȈȓȖȌțȠȕȖȋȖ șȚȘȈȝȈ
ǹȔȍȓȖ ȗȖȌȖȑȌȧ Ȓ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȔț ȊȝȖȌț ȖȕȈ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓȈ ȖȚ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȘȈȚȕȐȒȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȍȍ ȗȘȖȊȍȓȐ Ȓ ȍȍ șȍșȚȘȍ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ
ȕȈȊȍșȚȐȚȤ ǷȘȖșȤȉȈ ȍȍ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȈ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȖȊ șȚȈȘȠȈȧ șȍșȚȘȈ țȎȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ Ȗȉȡȍ-
șȚȊȍ ©ǴȐȕȌȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈª ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ, ȉțȌțȟȐ ȌȖȉȘȖȑ Ȑ Ȉȉ-
șȖȓȦȚȕȖ ȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȖȑ ȗȖ ȕȈȚțȘȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȈ ȍȍ ș șȐȓȤȕȍȑȠȐ-
ȔȐ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ ǶȕȈ țșȈȌȐȓȈ ȍȍ Ȑ șȚȈȓȈ
ȘȈșșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȖ șȊȖȐȝ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȝ Ȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȍ ȉȓȍșȚȍȓȐ țȌȖ-
ȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍȔ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ șȓțȠȈȓȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ șȚȈȘȖȔ
ȌȖȔȍ
ǹȗțșȚȧ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȚȈȘȠȈȧ șȍșȚȘȈ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ȗȖȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȤ ȍȑ ȌȖȔ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖȍ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȍȑ ȌȈȓ ȖȚȍȞ Ȑ
ȘȖșȒȖȠȕțȦ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒț țȒȘȈȠȈȊȠțȦ ȍȋȖ ǶȕȈ șȚȘȍȔȐȓȈșȤ,
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ, țȊȐȌȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ șȈȔȖȑ ǷȖȝȖȌȐȊ șȘȍȌȐ ȖȉȠȐȘȕȣȝ
ȏȈȓ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈȔȐ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȏȕȈ-
ȔȍȕȐȚȣȝ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȖȊ DzȐȚȈȧ Ȑ ©șȚȘȈȕȣ ȏȔȍȑª, Ȑ ȔȈșșȣ ȒȖȔ-
ȕȈȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȐȏȖȉȐȓȖȊȈȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȑ ȌȊȖȘȍȞ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐ-
ȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȑ ȌȊȖȘ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ
ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȣ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚ ǯȌȍșȤ ȉȣȓȐ șȖȉȘȈȕȣ
ȖȉȘȈȏȞȈ șȈȔȣȝ ȘȍȌȒȐȝ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ; ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȈȒ
ȈȘȖȔȈȚȕȣ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȓȐ ȊȖȏȌțȝ șȊȖȐȔ ȏȈȗȈȝȖȔ.
ǷȖșȘȍȌȐ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȋȖ ȌȊȖȘȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒȖȓȖȌȍȏȤ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓȈ ©ǴȐȕȌȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȞȊȍȚª șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓ
ȉȖȓȍȍ șȚȈ ȓȍȚ Ȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȌȖȓȍȑ șțȍ-
ȊȍȘȐȧ ǪȍȘȐȓȐ, ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȖȉȐȚȈȓȐ ȌțȝȐ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȌȖȕȖșȐȊ-
ȠȐȍșȧ ȌȕȍȔ Ȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȔȘȈȟȕȖȑ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ȏȊțȒȐ ȕȍ ȒȈ-

70
ȏȈȓȐșȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȔȐ Ȑ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȔȣ
ȌțȝȈȔȐ ȐȓȐ Ȏȍ ȋȕȖȔȈȔȐ ȎȐȊȠȐȔȐ ȚȈȔ ǪȖȌȖȑ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȖȌ-
ȞȈ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ, ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȑȏ ȉȖȧȏȕȐ
ȗȖȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȚȤ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ șțȡȍșȚȊ ȕȍȊȕȧȚȕȣȍ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȝ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ șȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈȊȍȘȝț
ǷȖȒȈ ©ǴȐȕȌȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȐȊȍȚª ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈ șȊȖȦ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ
ș ȕȍȊȐȕȕȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ Ȑ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȍȑ ȊȍȘȖȑ Ȋ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȕȍ-
ȊȐȌȐȔȣȝ ȌțȝȖȊ ȊȓȈȌȍȊȠȐȝ ȒȖȓȖȌȞȍȔ Ȋ țȔȍ ȍȍ șȍșȚȘȣ Ȋȣ-
ȘȈȉȈȚȣȊȈȓșȧ ȗȓȈȕ ȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȖȕȈ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȐȏȉȈ-
ȊȐȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ©ǴȐȕȌȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈª Ȑ șȈȔȖȑ șȌȍȓȈȚȤșȧ ȍȍ ȗȘȍȍȔ-
ȕȐȞȍȑ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓșȧ
șȓțȟȈȑ Ȑ, ȗȖȒȈ «ǴȐȕȌȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȞȊȍȚª ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌ ȒȖȓȖȌ-
ȞȍȔ ȋȓȧȌȧ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȋȓțȉȐȕț șȚȈȘȠȈȧ șȍșȚȘȈ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȚȖȓȒȕțȓȈ
ȍȍ ȚțȌȈ Ȑ ȚȈ ș ȒȘȐȒȖȔ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȧ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ Ȋ șȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȗȘȖȗȈ-
șȚȐ ȊȕȐȏț Ǫșȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȘȐȧȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȏȓȖȌȍȧȕȐȦ ǵȐ
ȖȌȕȖȑ ȌțȠȐ ȕȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ ǹȓțȋȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ Ȋ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȌȊțȝ șȍșȚȍȘ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȓ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ. ǵȍ ȧȊȓȧȓȖșȤ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ Ȍȓȧ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȧ
ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓȖșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖȗȓȖȡȍȕȐȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȖșȚȐ, Ȑ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȑ
ȌțȔȈȚȤ, ȟȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȓȐȉȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ țȏȕȈȍȚ ȗȘȖ țȎȈșȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ,
șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȓȍȕȤ ǹȚȈȘȠȈȧ șȍșȚȘȈ ȔȈȓȖ ȌțȔȈȓȈ Ȗ
ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȝ șȐȓȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ țȎȍ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȖȚȖȔșȚȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȍȍ
ȗȖșȚțȗȖȒ Ȑ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȍțȝ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȖșȓȈȕȕȣȑ ș ǯȈȗȈȌ-
ȕȖȋȖ ǵȍȉȈ țȎȍ șȗȈș ©ǴȐȕȌȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȞȊȍȚª ȖȚ țȎȈșȕȖȑ șȔȍȘ-
ȚȐ Ȑ șȗȘȧȚȈȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ
șȔȖȎȍȚ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤ ȍȍ ȔțȎț ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȐ Ȑȏ ȏȔȍȐȕȖȋȖ
ȞȈȘșȚȊȈ
ǷȘȖȔȍȌȓȐȊ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȏȊȈȓȈ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ șȓțȋ Ȑ șȗȘȖ-
șȐȓȈ ȋȌȍ ȍȋȖ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ
— ȇ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ țȠȓȈ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ, — ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȓȈ ȏȓȖȌȍȑȒȈ, — Ȑ ȚȈ
ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ǷȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ ȗȖȏȖ-
ȊȐȚȍ ȍȍ Ȑ șȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȉțȌț ȘȈȌȈ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȍȍ
ǹȓțȋȈ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ țȌȈȓȐȓșȧ ȕȖ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ ș ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȊșȚȘȍȊȖȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ Ȑ ȏȈȧȊȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȈȑȚȐ șȊȖȍȑ ȋȖș-
ȗȖȎȐ ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȋșȍ șȓțȋȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓȐ ȗȖȐșȒȐ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ Ȗș-
ȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ Ȑ țȋȖȓȒȐ ȕȖ ȕȐȋȌȍ ȍȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ
ǪȍȓȐȒȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ©ǴȐȕȌȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȞȊȍȚª

71
ȓȦȉȐȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȎȐȊȠȐȍ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ȖȚ ȊȣșȠȐȝ ȌȖ ȕȐȏȠȐȝ ȗȖ ȘȈȕȋț
ǹȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐ ȋȖȕȞȖȊ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ șȖșȍȌȕȐȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ Ȑ ȗȖ
ȌȖȘȖȋȈȔ Ȍȓȧ ȘȈșșȗȘȖșȖȊ, ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȓ ȓȐ ȒȚȖ ȍȍ, ȕȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȐȝ ȟȈșȖȊ ȚȖȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȖȐșȒȖȊ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ ȕȍ ȕȈȑȌȧ ȕȐ-
ȟȍȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȘȖșȈȓȖ ȉȣ șȊȍȚ ȕȈ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȐșȟȍȏȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ
ȖȉȖȎȈȍȔȖȑ ȊșȍȔȐ ©ǴȐȕȌȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈª
ǵȈȏȈȊȚȘȈ șȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ ȒȘȈșȐȊȈȧ ȗȚȐȟȒȈ ȊȣȓȍȚȍȓȈ Ȑȏ ȒȖȓȖȌ-
ȞȈ ȒțȌȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȈ ©ǴȐȕȌȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȞȊȍȚª Ȑ, șȍȊ ȕȈ ȊȍȚȒț
ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȘȖșȠȍȋȖ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȍ, ȏȈȗȍȓȈ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕțȦ ȔȍȓȖȌȐȟȕțȦ
ȗȍșȍȕȒț ǹȚȈȘȠȈȧ șȍșȚȘȈ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȐȌȍȓȈ ȕȍȗȖȌȈȓȍȒț Ȑ
șȓțȠȈȓȈ ȔȍȓȖȌȐȦ ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ ȍȍ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȗȚȐȟȤȐȝ ȕȖ-
ȚȈȝ ȍȑ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȍ ȕȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș;
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȈȓȈșȤ ȚȖ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț țȎȈșț ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈ ȟȚȖ
ȗȚȐȟȒȈ ȗȍȓȈ ȗȘȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖȍ ȍȦ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ
ȗȖȉȓȐȏȖșȚȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ șȓțȋȐ ȚȖ șȘȈȏț ȉȣ țȏȕȈȓȐ ȒȈȒȐȔ
ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ Ȑȝ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ ©ǴȐȕȌȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȞȊȍȚª ǶȉȍȏțȔȍȊ
ȖȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ, ȖȕȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȒȘȣȓȈȚȖȑ ȗȍȊțȕȤȍ Ȑ șȝȊȈȚȐȊ ȍȍ
șȊȍȘȕțȓȈ ȍȑ ȠȍȦ Ȑ ȊȣȉȘȖșȐȓȈ ȗȘȖȟȤ ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ Ȏȍ țȚ-
ȘȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȓȈ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȔȍșȚȖ ȒțȌȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈ ȗȚȐȟȒț
ȚȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȊȣȘȖșȓȈ ȋȘțȗȗȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȝ ȉȈȔȉțȒȖ-
Ȋȣȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ Ǫ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ș țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȈ
ȋȘȈȞȐȖȏȕȣȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ șȒȓȖȕȧȊȠȐȍșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ țȚȘȍȕȕȐȔ ȊȍȚȍȘ-
ȒȖȔ, șȍȘȌȞȍ ȍȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȖ, ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȐșȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȍ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ
ȏȊțȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȧȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖ șȓȣȠȕȣ Ȑ ȕȐȏȒȐȔ ȎȈȓȖșȚȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖ-
șȖȔ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ șȞȍȕț ț ȒȖȓȖȌȞȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ©ǴȐȕ-
ȌȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȞȊȍȚª ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈșȐȓȤȕȖ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȈ ȚțȌȈ
ǹȝȊȈȚȐȊ ȚȖȗȖȘ șȚȈȘȠȈȧ șȍșȚȘȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȘțȉȐȓȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ-
ȡȐȑ ȉȈȔȉțȒ ȕȈȌȍȧșȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ ȍȍ ȗȘȍșȚțȗ-
ȓȍȕȐȧ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȏȈȉȣȚȈ ȕȖ, Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț ȋȖȘȦ, ȕȈȠȓȈ ȟȚȖ
ȐșȗȖȘȟȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ-ȚȖ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȉȖ
ȐȔȍȍȚ ȗțȚȐ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȣȍ Ȍȓȧ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ
ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȚȈȑȕȣ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȓȖȌȍȧȕȐȑ Ǭțȝ Ȏȍ, șȗȘȧ-
ȚȈȊȠȐȑ ©ǴȐȕȌȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȞȊȍȚ», ȍȡȍ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȊȈȓșȧ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȚȤ
ȍȍ Ȋ ȍȍ ȌȖȔ Ȑ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȖ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕțȦ șȍșȚȘț
ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑȏ șȓțȋ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȊȠȐȝ șȘțȉȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȉȈȔȉțȒ
ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȣ ȍȋȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ Ȑ ȞȊȍȚȖȔ
ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖșȔȍȓȐ șȎȍȟȤ ȒȈȒ ȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ș ȗȘȖș-
ȚȣȔ ȉȈȔȉțȒȖȔ.

ǷȖ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȍ ȘȍȌȒȖȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ șȓțȋȐ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȤ
ȉȈȔȉțȒȐ ȒȈȒ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȑ, ȕȍȊȐȌȈȕȕȖȑ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖ-
ȘȖȌȣ ǹȚȊȖȓ ȕȍ ȒȘțȋȓȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ ȕȖ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝțȋȖȓȤȕȣȑ
Ȑ ȞȊȍȚȖȔ ȕȍ ȉȓȍȌȕȖ-ȎȍȓȚȣȑ Ȉ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȒȈȒ șȔȖȓȤ ǹ ȗȘȈȒ-
ȚȐȟȕȖșȚȤȦ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȊ ȖȕȐ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȕȍ ȉȘȖșȈȚȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȉȈȔȉțȒ Ȑ
ȗȖȏȊȈȊ șȚȘȈȕșȚȊțȦȡȍȋȖ ȗȓȖȚȕȐȒȈ ȗȖȘțȟȐȓȐ ȍȔț șȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȑȏ
ȕȍȋȖ șȚțȓȤȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȌȈȘȐȚȤ șȊȖȍȔț ȝȖȏȧȐȕț ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈ-
ȡȍȕȐȐ Ȑȏ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ Ǫ ȚȖȚ șȈȔȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȊȖȏȊȘȈ-
ȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȐȍ șȚțȓȤȍȊ
ǷȍȘȊȣȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ ȉȣȓ Ȗ Ȏȍȕȍ
ǹȓțȋȈȔ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕțȦ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ
ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ Ȑ
ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȖȐșȒȐ ȕȍ ȕȈȑȌȍȕȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ șȓȍ-
ȌȖȊ Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ șȍșȚȘȈ Ȑ ș ȊȐȌȖȔ ȋȖȘȧ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ ȗȖȌ-
ȚȊȍȘȌȐȓȈ șȒȈȏȈȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȐșȓțȋȖȑ Ȑ ȖȗȐșȈȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ
©ǴȐȕȌȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȞȊȍȚª ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȣȑȚȐ Ȋ șȖșȍȌȕȦȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȑ
ȒȈȒ ș ȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈ ȌȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȖȕȈ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ ȉȍș-
șȓȍȌȕȖ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȚțȚ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ Ȋ ȊȣșȠȍȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȍ ȟțȌȖ Ǫ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȧ șȓțȠȈȓȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȟȐȞț Ȑ
ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȍ ȋȖȘȍ ȖȚȘȈȏȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ ȔțȎȈ ȊȌȘțȋ ș ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ
șȚțȓȤȍȊ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ Ȗȕ Ȑșȟȍȏ ț
Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ Ȓ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ©ǴȐȕȌȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ» ǶȕȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȒȈȒ ș ȕȍȑ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȓȈ șȍșȚȘȈ Ȑ
ȒȈȒ ȌȖȉȘȣȑ Ȍțȝ șȗȈș ȍȍ ȖȚ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȑ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ Ȋ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖȔ
ȔȍșȚȍ ȌȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ ȔțȎȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȗȈ-
șȈȚȤșȧ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȗȖȒțȠȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȎȐȏȕȤ DzȖȘȖȓȤ ȏȔȍȑ
ȚȈȒ ȘȈȏȋȕȍȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȏȓțȦ șȍșȚȘț ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȍ ȒȈȏȕȐȚȤ
ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȈ șȖȎȈȓȍȓ Ȗ ȍȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȕȈȖȉȖȘȖȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ țȏȕȈȓȐ
Ȗ ȍȍ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȐ ȚȖ ȕȈȠȓȐ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȣȔ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȏȈ
ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȑ țȔȣșȍȓ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȍȍ șȍșȚȘȣ
ǷȍȘ ș Ȉȕȋȓ ǰ. ǨȓȚțȜȤȍȊȈ

73
Ǽȏ ȎȐȠȜȞȓ
ȅȓȐ ȅȓȐȈȏȈȘ ǭȊȍȓȤȍȊȐȟ
 ǴȈȋȈȘȈȔ ȘȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ ǶȌȍșșȍ Ȋ  (?)
ȋȖȌț ǹȖȚȘțȌȕȐȟȈȓ Ȋ ǶȌȍșșȍ Ȋ ȥșȍȘȖȊșȒȐȝ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧȝ ©ǯȍȔȓȧ Ȑ ȊȖ-
ȓȧª ©DzȘȍșȚȤȧȕȐȕ Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȑª Ȑ ȌȘ ȗȖșȓȍ  ȋ ȉȣȓ ȟȓȍȕȖȔ
ǾǰDz ǹȖȊȍȚȖȊ ǸțȔȣȕșȒȖȋȖ ȜȘȖȕȚȈ ǿȍȘȕȖȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȜȓȖȚȈ Ȑ ǶȌȍș-
șȣ ǸțȔȟȍȘȖȌ
 ǷȖșȓȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȐȕȚȍȘȊȍȕȞȐȐ Ȋ ǶȌȍșșȍ țȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ǺȖȔșȒ
ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȍȔ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȐ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ©ǯȕȈȔȧ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐª ȖȘ-
ȋȈȕȈ ǹȖȊȍȚȈ ȌȍȗțȚȈȚȖȊ ǯȈȗȈȌȕȖȑ ǹȐȉȐȘȐ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȟȍȠșȒȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȘȖȚȈ țȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ǽȈȘȉȐȕ ȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ
ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ ©ǴȈȕȤȟȎțȘȐȧª Ȑ ©ǵȖȊȖșȚȐ ȎȐȏȕȐª ǷȘȐȍȝȈȊ Ȋ ȀȈȕȝȈȑ
ǴȈȋȈȘȈȔ șȚȈȓ șȖșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȍȔ Ȉ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ ȐȏȌȈȚȍȓȍȔ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖ-
ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȈȓȤȔȈȕȈȝȖȊ ȗȘȐȏȊȈȕȕȣȝ șȚȈȚȤ ȔȖșȚȐȒȖȔ ȔȍȎȌț
ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȥȔȐȋȘȈȞȐȍȑ Ȑ ȟțȎȌȣȔ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ DzȐȚȈȍȔ Ǫ  ȋ ȊȣȝȖ-
ȌȐȚ ȈȓȤȔȈȕȈȝ ǬȈȓȤȕȐȑ ǪȖșȚȖȒ Ȋ  — ǮȍȓȚȣȑ ȓȐȒ
«Ǵȣ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌțȍȔ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕțȦ ȞȍȓȤ ȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚȤ ȘțșșȒȐȝ
ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ș DzȐȚȈȍȔ ș ȍȋȖ ȌțȝȖȊȕȖȑ Ȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ș
ȍȋȖ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȑ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȖȑ Ȑ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖȔ — ȗȐșȈȓ ǴȈȋȈȘȈȔ Ȋ
ȗȘȍȌȐșȓȖȊȐȐ Ȓ ȈȓȤȔȈȕȈȝț ǮȍȓȚȣȑ ȓȐȒ. — ǮȐȊȧ Ȋ DzȐȚȈȍ Ȋ ȒȐȚȈȑ-
șȒȖȑ șȘȍȌȍ Ȕȣ ȓȐȠȤ șȚȘȍȔȐȔșȧ ȏȈȜȐȒșȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȐȚ ȕȈȠ
ȋȓȈȏ ȟȚȖ șȓȣȠȐȚ ȕȈȠȍ țȝȖ ȟȚȖ țȓȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȚ ȕȈȠȈ ȔȣșȓȤ Ǵȣ ȖȝȖȚ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȔȍȡȈȍȔ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȣ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȣ Ȑ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȚȘț-
ȌȖȊ șȗȖșȖȉșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ ȗȖșȚȐȟȤ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕțȦ ȕȈȔ ȌțȠț ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ
ȕȈȘȖȌȈ Ǵȣ ȊȍȘȐȔ Ȕȣ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȣ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȗȖȓȍȏȕȖ Ȑ
ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ǺȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȖȕȖ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ șȍȑȟȈș ȒȖȋȌȈ ȘțșșȒȐȑ
ǬȈȓȤȕȐȑ ǪȖșȚȖȒ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȍȚ ȚȘȈȋȍȌȐȦ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ — ȒȚȖ ȏȕȈȍȚ?
— ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȑ DzȐȚȈȦ șțȎȌȍȕȖ șȣȋȘȈȚȤ ȊȐȌȕțȦ ȘȖȓȤª
Ǫ  ȋ ȊȣȠȍȓ DzȐȚȈȑ — ȚȘȍȚȐȑ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ Ȑȏ ȐȏȌȈȕȕȣȝ Ȋ
DzȐȚȈȍ ȈȓȤȔȈȕȈȝȖȊ ǴȈȋȈȘȈȔȈ ǷȖȔȐȔȖ ȥȚȕȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȐșȚȖȘȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐȝ șȖȞȐȖȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȟȍșȒȐȝ Ȑ Ț ȗ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȖȊ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȗțȉȓȐȒȖ-
ȊȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈȟȈșȚțȦ ȓȦȉȐȚȍȓȤșȒȐȍ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȣ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ
ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȐ Ȑ ȘȍȗȘȖȌțȒȞȐȐ ȘȈȉȖȚ ȎȐȊȠȐȝ Ȋ DzȐȚȈȍ ȘțșșȒȐȝ ȝțȌȖȎ-
ȕȐȒȖȊ ǹȈȔ ȅ ǴȈȋȈȘȈȔ ȈȒȚȐȊȕȖ țȟȈșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ȈȓȤȔȈȕȈȝȈȝ ȗțȉȓȐ-
Ȓțȧ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȗȖȌ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ Ȑ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȗșȍȊȌȖȕȐȔȖȊ ȖȟȍȘ-
ȒȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȣ
Ǫ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȍ -ȝ ȋȋ ǴȈȋȈȘȈȔ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ȘȍȌȈȒȚȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȋȈȏȍȚț ǵȖȊȈȧ ȀȈȕȝȈȑșȒȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȑ șȖȚȘțȌȕȐ-
ȟȈȓ ș ȉȍȘȓȐȕșȒȐȔȐ ȐȏȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȔȐ Ȋ - ȋȋ Ȋ ȐȏȌȈȚȍȓȤ-
șȚȊȍ ǫțȚȕȖȊȈ ȊȣȠȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȊȍșȚȤ ǴȐȘȍȓȍ Ȑ ȒȕȐȋȈ ǹȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȑ

DzȐȚȈȑ Ȋ ȐȏȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȍ Ƕ ǬȤȧȒȖȊȖȑ — ȒȕȐȋȈ ǮȍȓȚȣȑ ȓȐȒ ǶȟȍȘ-
ȒȐ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȋ ȐȏȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȍ ©ǴȣșȓȤª — ȒȕȐȋȈ ȗȍȘȍȊȖ-
ȌȖȊ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ șȒȈȏȖȒ ǩȓțȎȌȈȦȡȐȍ ȌțȠȐ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ǴȈȋȈȘȈȔ Ȋ
ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑ șȈȔ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ ǭȊȘȖȗȍ
 ǬȖ ȖȚȢȍȏȌȈ Ȑȏ ȀȈȕȝȈȧ ǴȈȋȈ-
ȘȈȔ țșȗȍȓ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȚȤ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȚȖȔ ȏȈȌțȔȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȘȖȔȈȕȈ ǷȖ-
ȚȖȔȖȒ ȘȈȊȊȐȕȖȊ.
ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȖȒȖȓȖ  ȋ ǴȈȋȈȘȈȔ țȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ǹǹǹǸ Ǫ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȋȘȈ-
ȜȐȧȝ ȏȕȈȟȐȚșȧ ȒȕȐȋȈ DzȐȚȈȑ ȊȣȗțȡȍȕȕȈȧ ȐȔ Ȋ ȐȏȌ-Ȋȍ ©ǴȖșȒȖȊ-
șȒȐȑ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȑª Ȋ  ȋ Ǫ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȍȔ ȅ ǭ ǴȈȋȈȘȈȔ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȕȧȚ
ȕȈțȟȕȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ ǰȔȍȦȚșȧ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ Ȋ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚȍ ȗȖȟ-
ȊȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ǴȐȕșȒȍ ȈȘȍșȚȍ Ȑ ȌȊțȝȓȍȚȕȍȔ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȐ ȗȖ ȗȖȓȐ-
ȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ șȚȈȚȤȍ Ȋ - ȋȋ Ȑ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȕȖȔ ȈȘȍșȚȍ Ȋ  ȋ ȅ ǭ
ǴȈȋȈȘȈȔ șȒȖȕȟȈȓșȧ Ȋ  ȋ
_____
ǷȍȘȍȊȖȌȣ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ șȒȈȏȖȒ ȊȖȠȍȌȠȐȍ Ȋ ȒȕȐȋț ǩȓțȎȌȈȦȡȐȍ
ȌțȠȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȣ ǴȈȋȈȘȈȔȖȔ ȗȖ ȌȊțȧȏȣȟȕȖȔț ȐȏȌȈȕȐȦ
ȊȐȌȕȖȋȖ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȋȖ șȐȕȖȓȖȋȈ-ȐȍȏțȐȚȈ dzȍȖȕȈ ǪȐȋȍȘȈ Folk-lo-
re chinois moderne 
 Ȑ ȐȏȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȣ Ȋ ȈȓȤȔȈȕȈ-
ȝȈȝ ǬȈȓȤȕȐȑ ǪȖșȚȖȒ Ȑ ǮȍȓȚȣȑ ȓȐȒ ǷȍȘȍȊȖȌȟȐȒ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓ ȗȖȌ
ȗșȍȊȌȖȕȐȔȖȔ ©ȅ ǭ ǵȈȘȣȔșȒȐȑª
ǺȍȒșȚ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȖȊ ȗțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȐȏȌȈȕȐȧȔ ș ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȣȝ ȖȗȍȟȈȚȖȒ Ȑ ȘȧȌȈ țșȚȈȘȍȊȠȐȝ ȖȉȖȘȖȚȖȊ ȖȘȜȖ-
ȋȘȈȜȐȧ Ȑ ȗțȕȒȚțȈȞȐȧ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȍȕȣ Ȓ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȖȘȔȈȔ
Ǫ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȌȈȕȣ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȣ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ ȚȍȒș-
ȚȖȊ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȈȓȤȔȈȕȈȝȍ ǬȈȓȤȕȐȑ ǪȖșȚȖȒ.
Ǫ ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȐ ȖȉȓȖȎȒȐ Ȑ ȜȘȖȕȚȐșȗȐșȈ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȈ ȐȓȓȦ-
șȚȘȈȞȐȧ Ȓ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȔ șȒȈȏȒȈȔ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ǭ ǩȍȌȕȈȘȖȊȖȑ

75
ǶȋȓȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ
ǩȓțȎȌȈȦȡȐȍ ȌțȠȐ
DzȈȔȍȕȕȈȧ ȟȍȘȍȗȈȝȈ
7
dzȦȉȖȊȤ ȏȈ ȋȘȖȉȖȔ
9
dzȐșȐȞȈ
11
ǬȖȟȤ șțȌȤȐ
13
DzȘȍșȚȤȧȕȐȕ ș ȋȘțȠȈȔȐ
17
ǹȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȣȑ șțȌ
18
ǹȐȓȈ ȐșȚȐȕȕȖȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ
19
ǷȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ Ǻ’Ȉȑ-ȟțȕȈ
21
ǮȍȘȚȊȣ șȖȓȌȈȚȈ
33
ǫȖșȗȖȎȈ ©ǺȘȍȚȤȧª
35
dzȖȌȖȟȕȐȒ Ȑ ȒȖȓȌțȕȤȐ
38
ǯȓȈȧ ȎȍȕȈ
40
ǴȍșȚȤ ȕȈȓȖȎȕȐȞȣ
43
ǨȒȚȍȘȣ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ
47
ǯțȉ ȏȈ ȏțȉ
49
ǶȉȎȖȘȓȐȊȣȑ ȟȍȘȚ
52

ǵȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ ȉȈȕȌȣ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȘȈȒȖȕȈ
54
ǷȖȏȌȕȧȧ ȔȍșȚȤ
56
ǷȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ
ǹȖȕ Ȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ
59
ȅȓȐȒșȐȘ șȔȍȘȚȐ
61
DzȖȘȖȓȤ ȏȔȍȑ
62
Ƕȉ ȈȊȚȖȘȍ
73