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Автор: Дубов А.Г.
Теги: саморазвитие издательство просвещение учебник для школы детское творчество труды
Год: 1971
Текст
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3apy6eIKHoH III OJlbi. CYIll.HOCTb 3TOii cpOpMbI COCTOHT B TOM, qTO
«yqHTeJlb 3aHHMaeTCSI B paMKax TOqlHO yCTaHOBJleHHOrO BpeMe'HH C
nOCT05lHHb!M COCTaBOM yqaUl.HXC5I- C KJIaCCOM, no TBep,1I.OMY pac-
IIncaHHIO, HCnOJIb3y51 pa3Ho06pa3Hbie MeTOJI.bI JI.JI5I ,n:OCTH:/KeHH5I Ha-
MeqaeMbIX HM ,1I.H,n:aKTHqeCKHX 3a,1I.aq B COOTBel'CI'BHH C Tpe60BaHH5IMIi
yqe6HOH rrporp a I'll Mbl» *.
rJlaBHblMH ocooeHHOCTHMH ypoKa KaK ne,n:arOrHqeCKOH oprallH3a-
II.HOHHOH cpOpMbl 51Bo'l5IIOTC5I, Bo-nepBbIX, H3BeC'J1HOe rrOCTOHIICTBO
tBpeMeHHbIX cpaKTopiOB - 06mero 06'beMa Bpel\1eHH, BbI,n:eJIHCMOrO
,nJl51 ,1I.aHHOro Kypca, pacrrHCaHH5I ypOKOB H ,1I.JIH'TeJIbHOCTH 3aH5ITfI5l,
$ M. A. .n a H H JI 0 B, B. n. E C H 11 0 B. .LI.HAaKTHKa. M., 113,l1.-BO An!i
PC<I>CP, 1957, CTp. 394.
16
... no TepMHHOJlOrHH, npHHSlTOH B KHHre «OCHGBhl ,lI.H,lI.aKTHKH» I10A pe,ll.. npo<jJ.
B. n. ECHI10Ba (CTp. 353) (M" «npOCBeW.eHHe», 19(7).
2.
17
BeHHO co 3BeHOM 1:1 OT.n.eJIbHbIMI:I ero qJIeHaMI:I. 06bItJHO TaKaH opra-
HH3aI.I.I:IH onpaB.n.hIBaeT ce6H Tor.n.a, Kor.n.a BbInOJIHeHl:le npe.n.JIOlKeH-
Horo YtJl:ITeJIeM Tpy.n.OBoro 3a.n.aHI:IH 06ecnetJI:IBaeTCH I:IMeIOIl1.I:IMCH y
WKO.lbHI:IKOB onpe2I.eJleHHbIM KpyroM 3HaHHH 1:1 YMeIIHH.
Pa60Ta Ha OCIIOBe 1:1 H.n.IfBI:I.n.yaJIbHbIX 3a.n.aHI:IH I:ICnOJIb-
3yeTcH pelKe. B nOM CJlyqae Bce ytJall l:IeCH I:IJII:I 60JlbWI:IHCTBO 1:13 HI:IX
nOJIY4a lor p a3Jll:ltJHbIe i1H.n.I:IBH.n.yaJIbHbIe p a60TbI, KaK np aBI:IJlO, H3
HeCKOJIbKO 3aHHTI:IH. nO.n.06HbIe 3a.n.aHI:IH npl:l3BaHbI B 60JIbllieH Mepe
pa3BI:IBaTb caMOCTOHTeJIbHO'CTb lllKOJIbHI:IKOB B BbInOJlHeHl:I1:I 60JIee
CJIOIKHOH TPY2I.OBOH 332I.341:1 1:1 o.n.HoopeMeHHO n03BOJIHmT BbIRBI:ITb
3HaHI:IH 1:1 YMeHI:IH YtJ a Il1.I:IXCH , I:IX cnOC061I0CTb nOJlb30BaTbCH TeXHI:I-
tJeCKOH .n.OKYMeHTaI.I.l:leH, caMOCTOHTeJIbHO nJIaHl:lpOBaTb pa60TY, no).l.-
61:1paTb Marepl:laJIbI, I:IIICTpYMeHTbI 1:1 npl:lcnOC06JIeHI:IH, BbIIIOJIHHTb
TeXHOJIOrl:ltJeCKl:le npl:leMbI 1:1 OnepaI.I.HH II .n.p.
CJIe2I.yeT CKa3aTb 0 3aHHTI:IHX, Ha KOTOpbIX COlJeTaIOTCH 3BeHbeBbJe
1:1 I:IH.n.I:IBI:I.n.yaJIbHbIe pa60TbI. Ha TaKI:IX 3aHHTHHX, KaK npaBI:IJIO, I:IH-
.n.I:IBI:I.n.yaJlbHbIe 3a.n.aHI:IH nOJIYtJamT 60JIee CHJIbHbIe YtJaIl1.HeCH. Oc-
raJIbHbIe llIKOJIbHI:IKIf opraHI:I3ymTcH B 3BeHbH.
B CBH31:1 C pa3BI:ITl:leM npOI:l3Bo.n.I:ITeJIbHOrO Tpy.n. a Ha 3aHHTI:IHX B
MaCTepCKI:IX B MeTo.n.l:ltJeCKOI1 JII:ITepaType nOHBI:IJIOCb Onl:lCaHl:le pa60-
TbI 6 P 1:1 r a .n.. TaKaH OpraHl:I3aU;I:IH llIKO.IIbHI:IKOB 6Jll:l3Ka K 3BeHbeBoH,
o.n.HaKO OHa I:IMeeT 1:1 HeKOTopbIe CBOI:I oc06eHHOCTI:I. npl:l opraHH3a-
I.I.I:IH npOI:l3Bo.n.I:ITeJIbHOrO Tpy.n.a BCH rpynna, a I:IHor.n.a 1:1 HeCKOJIbKO
rpYiIln, pa60TaeT Ha.n. O,n:HI:IM 1:13.n.e.IIl:leM, TeXllOJIOrl:lH 1:13rOTOB.lIeHIHi
KOTo-poro BpeMeHHO no.n.tJl:IHeHa pa3MeIl1.e1lHIO pa60'lHX MeCT If HeKO-
TOpbIX BIf2I.OB 06opy.n.OBaHI:IH. YIIaIl1.l:IeCH pa60TamT na pa60tJl:lx Me-
CTax, BbIIIO.IIHHH B TetJeHl:le onpe.n.eJleHHOro BpeMeHI:I o.n.Hy I:I.lIH He-
CKOJIbKO onepaI.I.I:IH. ,lJ,a.IIee 0111:1 noneneHHO nepe2I.B'I:IramTCH C o.n.Horo
pa60qero MeCTa Ha 2I.pYDoe, 3HaKOMHCb TaKHM 06pa30M co BCeMI:I
BI:I.n.aMI:I pa60TbI (B pe3YJIbTaTe KOTOpbIX nOHB.lIHerCH H3rOTOBJIHeMbIH
npe.n.MeT) .
TaKora po.n.a opraHlf3aI.I.IfH Tpy.n.a llIKOJIbHI:IKOB .n.aeT B03-
MOIKHOCTb BK.lImtJaTb YtJaIl1.I:IXCH B .n.OBOJIbHO 1lII:IpOKlf11 KOMnJleKC
TeXHOJIOrl:llJeCKHX OnepaI.I.HH.
TaKI:IM 06pa30M, B 3BeHe pa3.n.e.IIeHHe rpy.n.a OCYIl1.eCTBJIHerCH
MelK.n.y OT.n.eJIbHbIMI:I YtJaIl1.HMIfCH. Pe3Y.IIbTaT pa60TbI 3BeHa - 3aKOH-
qeHHbIH 06"beKT. Eplfra.n.a lKe HB.lIHeTCH 3.IIeMeHTOM 0611 erpynnoBcro,
a I:IHOr2I.a II MelKrpynnoBoro pa32I.e.IIeHHH rpY2I.a. Pe3Y.IIbTar ee pa60-
TbI - OT.n.eJIbHbIe .n.eTa.IIl:I, Y3JIbI. 3aKOHtJeHHblH npe.n.Mer .n.aHHaH 6pl:l-
ra.n.a BbIIIYCKaeT JII:IWb Tor.n.a, KOr2I.a BbInOJIHHer pa60TbI 3aBepllIam-
l1{ero I.I.HK.lIa.
npHMeHeHl:le OT.n.e.IIbHbIX <POpM opraHH3a1 1:I1:I YtJaI!tI:lXCH .n.JIH
YlJe6HOH pa60TbI no TeXHHtJeCKOMY rpy.n.y CBH3aHO C co.n.eplKaHHeM
06YtJeHHH, ypOBHeM 3HaHIIH H YMeHHH ytJall HXCH, a T3KIKe BbI6paH-
HbIMH MeTo.n.aMI:I o6ytJeI-lHH. npHBe.n.eH IbIe BbIllIe <POpMbI OTpa)KamT
HaH60JIee pacnpOCTpaHeHHym npaK1'HKY T1pY2I.OBoro 06YlJeHHH. OHI:I
B3HTbI 3a OCHOBY B npl:lBo.n.HMbIX Hl:IlKe Onl:lCaHI:IHX ypOKOB.
18
CJIe.n.yeT HMeTb B BI:I.n.y, qTO onpe.l1eJIe.ImaH OpraHI:I3anl:lH yqaIll.HX-
CH 2I.JIH Y4e6HOH pa60Tbi CBH3aHa C MeT02I.aMI:I 1:1 Mero.n.HtJecKHMH npl:l-
eMaMIf 06yqeHI:IH. A 3TO 3HaQHT, tJTO MHoro06pa3HbIe MeTo.n.bI 06yqe-
HHH, npHMeHHeMbIe Ha 3aHHTI:IHX no TPY.n.y, MorYT BbI3BaTb K 1K1:I3HH
1:1 .n.PYflle OpraHI:I33I.I.HOHHbIe <POPMbI."" *
B KaqeCTBe npHMepa npHBe.n.eM Onl:lcaHHbIH A. A. AXMeroBbIM
MeT02I. nepBOHaqa.IIbHOro 06yqeHHH llIKOJIbHHKO nHJIeHHm HOIKOB-
KOH, Onl:lJIHBaHHm H .n.PyrlfM onepaI.I.I:IHM. B CBoeH pa60Te A. A. Ax-
MeTOB .n.eJIHJI rpynnbI Ha napbI. O.n.HH H3 WKO.IIbHHKOB nHJIHJI, a .n.py-
rOH Ha6JIm.n.aJI 01lI1I6KI:II:I I:ICnpaBJIHJI T1OB3pHIl1.a, HCnOJIb3YH HHCTP1't
U;Hm, .n.aHHym YtJI:ITeJIeM. 3aTeM llIKOJIbHHKH MeHH.lIl:ICb MecTa H. ( e
paceMaTp'I:IBaH .n.OCTOHHcrBa H He2I.OCTaTKI:I Mero.n.a - B 3TOH KHHre
OH He HCnOJIb30,BaH, MbI B3HJIH ero 2I..lI51 H.lIJImCTp aI.I.HH nOHBJIeHI:ISl HO-
BOH cpOpMbI B CBH3H C HCnOJIb30BaHl:leM HOBoro MeTo.n. a .)
OCHOBHblE THnbl 3AH5ITHA
COrJIaCHO nporpaMMe rpy.n.oBoro 06YQeHHH no TeXHl:IlJeCKOMY
TPY.n.y .n.JIH IV-VIII KJlaCCOB, lllKOJIbHHKIl .n.OJIIKHbI YCBOHTb CHCTeMY
CBe2I.eHHH no TeXHI:IKe, Tex IIOJlOrHl:I H opra \I H3 a I.I.H H IIpOH3BO.n.CTB3,
BK,lImtJaH 1:1 CBe.n.emlH 0 npo(\>eccHSIx H cneI.I.\I<1JIblIOCTHX, a TaKlKe
OBJIa.n.eTb coorBeTcTBYIOIl1.I:IMIi TeXHO.IIOrH4eCKI:IMH YMeHI:IHMH H Ha-
BbIKaMI:I. ,lJ,JIH norD B Tpy,n:OBOM 06Y4eHHH npl:lMeHHeTCH pH.n. THnOB
3aHHTHH, KalK.n.oe H3 KOTOpbIX 60Jlee Bcero no.n.xo.n.HT .n..lIH pellIeHI:ISl
onpe.n.e.IIeHHbIX .n.1:I.n.aKTHlJeCKHX 3a.n.atJ. . " . '
rIpOI.I.eCC <POpMHpOBaHI:IH y YlJal1{I:IXCH 3HaHI:IH, YMeHI:IH 1:1 HaBbI-
KOB BK.lImtJ aer B () C n p H 51 T'I:I e 061>HCHHeMoro M aTepH aJIa, 3 aTeM
o C M bI C JI 1:1 B a H 1:1 e,' 3 a K pen JI e H He ynpalKHeHHHMI:I 1:1 n p 1:1-
Me H e H H e B pa3.III:I HbIX BH.n.ax npaKTuHKH. 3TI:I 3TanbI npOI.I.eCca
YCBoeHHH YtJaIl1.HMHCH 3HaHHH H YMeHHI:I npOTeKamT B pa3JII:I4HbiX
COlJeTaHI:IHX B 3aBHCHMOCTI:I OT CneI.I.HcpHKH H3YQaeMOrO MaTepl:laJIa.
Oco6eHHO 3aMeTHbI 3TH pa3.IIHtJHH npH cpaBHeHHH npOI.I.eCCOB cpop-
MHpOBaHHH 3HaHI:IH H Tpy.n.OBbIX YMeHHfI. BOT nOtJeMY pa3JIl:ltJHbIe
rHIIbI 3aHHTHH, He npOTI:IBOpeQa .lIOrl:lKe <POpMHpOBaHI:IH y yqaIl1.HXCH
3HaHI:IH, YMeHriH H HaBbIKOB, B KalK.n.OM OT.n.eJIbHOM CJIytJae npl:lo6pe:
TalOT CBOH oc06eHHocrH. .
ABTOpbI KHHrl:l, 0606Il1.aH HaKonHBWH.HC onbIT TpY2I.OBOrO 06y-
4eHHH, oT06pa.II1:I BaiKHeHlliHe THnbI 3aHHTHH, HCXO.n.H 1:13 CYIl1.HOCTrI
npou,ecca TPY2I.OBOrO 06Y4eHHH II Ha3B3HHbiX Bblwe ero 3a2I.atJ. HHa4e
rOBopH, B llIKOJIbHbIX MaCrepCI(!1X .n.O.III1<HbI npI:lMeH TbCH 3aHH-
THH, nOCBHl1{eHHbIe cpOpMl:lpOBaHHm TPY2I.OBbIX yMeHI:IH, Ha;HHa51
OT nepBOHa4a.IIbHbIX ynpalKHe IHH .n.o 3aKpen.IIeHI:IH 3TI:IX YMeHI:IH Tex-
HO,10rH4eCKOH np aKTI:IKOH; lIe06XO.ll:HMbI 3aHHrI:lH, HOCBHIl1.eHHbIe <pop-
* A. A. A x MeT 0 B. Ll.HcpcpepeHlI,lIpOI3Ka 3pHTeJJbHbiX II MblllIe1JHO'IlBllraTeJjb-
HblX Olll,yuteHHH KaK CTI1 IYJl B OCBoeHHH TpYllOBbIX lleHCTBIIH. «YqeHble 3aIl!1CKH
MypoMcKoro focy.n:apCTBefHlOfO I1ellarOrllqeCKOfO HHCTIITYTa», I3b1l1. IX, 1964.
2*
19
MHpOBamno pa3HOOOpa3HblX TeXHHtIeCKHX 3J-I3HHH; BeCbM8 B8JKHbJ
aaHSITHSI, npH3I3aIlHble pa3BHBaTb KOHCTPYKTOp':KTte 3HaHHH H YMeHJlI1
Y4alI.I.HXCH, HX CnOCOOHOCTH TBOptIeCKH pelUaTb TpY.ll.OBble 3a.ll.a4H
H T. .ll..
H8HMeHOBaHHH 3aHHTHH, .paCnpO'CTpaHeHHblX 13 MeTO.ll.HtIeCKHX
nOCOOHHX, tIame BCerO npOHCX02I.HT H3 .ll. H.ll. a K t H 4 e C K 0 H 3 a 2I. a-
4 H HJIH .ll. 0 M H H H P Y 10 mer 0 H a .ll. a H J-I 0 M 3 a J-I 51 l' H H MeT 0-
.lI. a OO tIeHHH. O.ll.HaKO H3 onbITa Y4HTeJIeH H3BeCTHO, lITO .ll.OM.HHH-
PYlOmHH MeTO.ll. 04eHb tIaCTO .ll.onOJIHHeTCH .ll.pyrHMH MeTO.ll.aMH, a CJIe-
.ll.OB3TeJIbJ-IO, H <popMaMH. 003TOMY TaKoro pO.ll.3 Ha3BaHHH HOCHT B
H3BeCTHOH Mepe YCJIOBHbIH xapaKTep, XOTH .ll.o-craTOtIHO nOJIHO pac-
KpblBalOT ocooeHHOCTb 3aHHTHH .ll.aHHoro THna.
1. BB02I.HOe 3aHHTHe.
2. 3aHHTHe no <POpM'HpoBaHHIO HOBbIX 3HaHHH.
3. 3aHHTHe no q;opMHpoBaHHIO rpa<pH4ecKHx 3HaHHH H YMeHHi%.
4. 3aHHTHe, nOCBHmeHHoe KOHCTpYHpoBaHHIO Ii pelUeHHIO TeXH-H-
4eCKHX 3a.ll.atI.
5. 3amiTHe -:.... TeXHOJIOf'HtIeCKHe ynp alliHeIIHH H TeXHOJIOrHtIeCKaH
npaKT,HKa.
6. JIa60paTopHble H JIaOOpaTopHo-npaKTH4ecKHe paOOTbI.
7. 3aHHTHe, Ha KOTOpOM .ll.eMoHcTpHPYIOTCH KHHO<PHJIbMbI.
8. 3aHHTHe-3KcKYPCHH.
9. 3aHHTHe - npOH3BO.ll.HTeJIbHbIH :rpy.ll., opraHH3yeMblH H8 OCHO-
Be lUHpOKoro pa3.ll.eJIeHHH TpY.ll.a.
10. 3aHSITHe, BKJ1lOtIalOmee nporpaMMHpOBaHHoe OOYtIeHHe H
npHMeHeHHe cneI.I.HaJIbHblX TeXHH4ecKHX cpe.ll.CTB 00Y4eHHH.
II. 3aHHTHe, nOCBHmeHHoe KOHTpOJIbHO-npOBepOtJ.HbIM paOOTaM
(npeuMymeCTBeHHO .ll.JIH nepHO.ll.HtIeCKOH U 3aKJ1104HTeJIbHOH apOBep-
KH H OI.I.eHKH 3IIaHHH U YMeHHH YtIa UXCH).
C.ll.BoeHHble ypOKH (3aHHTHH), npHMeHHeMbIe B l'pY.ll.o.BOM oOYtIe-
HUH, npUB02I.HT K lUHPOKOMY HCnOJIb30BaHUIO B YtIeOHOH npaKTHKe
OO"be.ll.HHeHHbIX, HJIH KOM6uHHpOBaHHbIX, 3aHHTHiL rJIaBHaH oc06eH-
HOCTb KOM6HHHpOBaHIwro 3aHHTHH COCl'OHT 13 TOM, tITO YlJHTeJJb
BKJII04aeT 13 Hero H <POpMHpOBa IHe HOBblX TeXHH4eCKHX 3HaHHH, H
HOBblX YMeHHH, H TeXHOJIOrHlJeCKUe ynpalliHeHHH, H nO'CTOHII,HO TY
HJ1U HHYIO TeXHOJIO,rH'IeCKYIO npaKTHKY. )J,allie BB02I.HbIe 3allHTUH He-
pe2I. O BKJII04alOT nepBOHa l IaJ1bHOe 3HaKOMCTBO YlJamHXCH C onepa-
UHeH, UHCTpYMeHTOM, C 3J1eMeHTaMlI 4ep4eHUH H .ll.p., T. e. 13 cymHocTH
TaKllie HBJlSIIOTCH KOM6HHHpOBaHHbIMH.
B .ll.eHCTBHTeJlbHOCTH JIa60paTopHaH pa60Ta, .ll.eMOHCTpaQHH KH-
Ho<pUJlbMa, nepBOHatIaJIbHbIe TeXHOJIO'fH4eCKHe ynpalliHeIIHH Tpe6y-
lOT, KaK npaBHJIO, He oOJIee 30-45 MHHYT. 003TOMY BTOpOH ypOK
.ll.aHHOro 3aHHTHH 06bltIHO nJlaHHpyeTcH .ll.JIH 2I.pyroH YlJe6HOH pa6o-
TbI. OpoTuBopelIHT JIH npHMeHeHHe KOM6mIHpoBaHHblx 3aHHTHH
np 1iBe 2I.eHHoMY BbIlUe nepetIHIO HInOB 3aHHTHH, KOTOpbIH Y4HTeJ1b
.ll.OmKeH HMeTb 13 BH2I.Y" npO.ll.YMbIBaH p a60TY no otIepe) HOH TeMe?
HeT, He npOTHBope4HT. TaK, HanpHMep, 3aHHTHIO THna «TeXHOJJOm-
20
'IeCK'Ue ynpalliHeHHH H TeXHOJIOrHtIeCKaH npaKTHKa» MOllieT ObITb
nOCBHm€I10 Bce BpeMH, HanpHMep, npH nepBOHatIaJIbHOM 03HaKOMJIe-
HHH co cTporaHHeM H OnHJIHBaHHeM, HO OHO MOllieT 3aHHMaTb H
MeHblUYIO tIaCTb ypOKa. HJIH B03bMeM JlaOOpaTopHble H JIaOOpaTOp-
Ho-npaKTH4eCKHe pa60Tbl: B V-VI KJlaCCaX Ha JIa60paTopHYIO pa-
60TY )J;OCTaTOlJHO BbI2I.eJlHTb 20-25 MHHyT, a Ha .n60paTopH.0-npaK-
TUtIeCKYIO pa60Tyho 03HaKOMJIeHUIO C 3J1eKTpOOcBeTHTeJIbHOH ceTblO
TpeoyeTcH I.I.eJIoe 3aHHTue.
H3BecTHo, tITO 2I.JIH .ll.eMOHCTpaQHH KUHO<PHJIbMOB, HanpHMep, B
VI KJlaCCe - «0 pHMeHeHHe 3JIeKTpOMamHToB 13 TeXHHKe», TpeoyeT-
CH 22 MHHYTbI (2 4acTH). Bece.ll.a C Y4amHMHCH no 3TOMY Bonpocy
npo.ll.OJIlliaeTCH .ll.0 KOHQa ypoKa. HCnOJIb30BaHHe KHHo<pHJIbMa 13 .ll.aH-
HOM CJIy4ae nOTpeoyeT JIHlUb nOJIOBHHY 3aHHTHH. O.ll.HaKO ero no.ll.-
rOTOBKa, npO.ll.YMbIBaHHe MeTO.ll.HKH npoBe.ll.eHHH 3aHHTHH nOTpe6yeT
01' Y4HTeJIH c-epbe3Hblx 3aoOT. BOT n04eMY B ueHTpe TaKoro pO.ll.a
3aHHTHH, no cymecTBY tIaCTO KOM6HHHpOBaHHoro, nOCTaBJIeHa .ll.e-
MOHCTpaI.I.HH KHHo<pHJIbMa.
TaKlIMoopa30M, Kalli2I.oe H3 npHBe.ll.eHHblX BbIlUe THnOB 3aHHTHA
He Bcer.ll.a npHMeHHeTCH «13 4HCTOM rm.ll.e», BKJII04aeT tIaCTHtIHO H .ll.PY-
rHe 3J1eMeHTbl YtIe6HOH paOOTbI. O.ll.lIaKO BCer.ll.a B Kalli.ll.OM 3aHHT'l!
eCTb 0 C HOB Hoe 3 Bell 0, QelIl'paJ1bIIbIH MOMeIIT .ll.H.ll.aKTfltIeCKOH
3a.ll.a4H, Tpe6YIOIIlHH rJlaBH'Oro BIIHMaHHH. HMelmo 3THM xapaKTe-
pH3yeTcH THn 3aHHTHH.
OpraHH3aQHOHHaH H MeTO.ll.H4eCKaH CTopOHa Ha3BaHHbIX THnOB
3aHHTHH HalUJIa oTpallieHHe 13 npHBo.ll.HMbIX MHllie onHcaHHHx. OTMe-
THM JIHlUb HaH60JIee oomHe MOMeHTbI.
ECTb o.ll.Ha oc06eHH'OCTb ypOKOB TpY.ll.3, KOTOpYJ(} ytIHTeJIH tIaCTO
He.ll.OOQeHHBaIOT, CHHlliaH Y4eOHO-BocnUTaTeJIbHOe 3Ha4eHHe paOOTbI
Y4am HX CH 13 MacTepcKHx. PeoHTa cHcTeMaTH4ecKH npHY4alOTcH K
.ll.eHcTBHHM .ll.BHraTeJlbHOrO xapaKTepa H He MoryT .ll.allie Ha OtIeHb
KopOTKoe BpeMH COCpe.ll.OTOtJoHTbCH, 4TOObl nO.ll.YMaTb H CnJIaHHpOBaTb
npe.ll.CToHmylO pa60TY. Melli.ll.Y TeM MHorHe 3aHHTUH .ll.OJllliHbI HalJU-
HaTbCH C Toro, tITO lUKOJIboHHKH 3H8KOMHTCH C npHrOTOBJIeHHblM Ma
pa604eM MeCTe tIepTe)KOM, HHCTpYKI.I.HeH K JIaOOpaTopHOH paOOTe,
TeXHH4eCKOH 3a.ll.a4eH HJIH .ll.pyrHM MaTepHaJIOM. Ha4aJIo ypOKa,
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21
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npaKTH4eCKHe pa60TbI.
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22
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2
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24
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37
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.n.'IH ,n&HHOi'I pa6oTLI.
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6e30nac>HocTH H co,n:ep>KaHHH pa60'lero Mecra;
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38
39
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40
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46
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LI.eiKypHble pa3j1,aJOT qJalIepHble 3ar01'013KH, Jl063HKl1, ,n:epeBHH-
Hble KOJlOJI.04Kl1, WKypKl1 ,n:JlH 3a411C1'Kl1, llIa6.10HbI, 110CJle lIero BC;
l1pHcTynalOT K pa60Te. Y411TeJlb BHIIMaTeJlbHO CJIejl,HT 3a pa60ToH
WKOJlbHl1KOB, npHcTyril1BllIl1X K BbIilHJll1BaHIIIO. Do xo,n:y 3aH5JTIIH ou
nOMoraeT I1aJlaJI.l1Tb Jl063HK v 3aMeHl1Tb CJlOMaHHYIO nHJlKY, 3aKpe-
nHTb CTOJll1K Ha HYiKHOH BbICOTe, Ha110Ml1l1aeT npl1eMbl pa60Tbi
JI063HKOM H npaBHJla reXHHKl1 6e3011aCHocTH. '
DocJIe nepepblBa Y4aIll.HXC5I 3HaKOM5IT co CBoilcTBaMl1 cpaHepbl-
Ojl,HOCJlOHHOH 11 MHOrOCJlOHHOH. Y4HTeJlb .lI.eMOHcTpHpyeT 06pa3l1. b1
pa3JlH4HbiX BH1J,OB ctJaHepbI, pac-
CKa3bIIJaeT 0 TOM, 4TO cpaHepa S J
06J1a,n:aeT MHorl1Ml1 neHHblMl1
Ka4eCTBa M H. MnorocJloihla51 ctJa-
Hepa, JI.OCTaTO'lHO np04l1aH: !ljI,er
Ha H3rOTOBJleliHe H3,n:eJlHH, OJI.-
HocJloimaH - Ha OTJI.eJlKY Me-
o eJl H.
Y4aI.HHMCH npeJI.JlaraIOT Ha3-
BaTb H3BeCTHbie HM H3.l1.eJlH5I HJlII
OT,n:eJlbHbIe JI.eTaJlH, H3rOTOBJleH-
HbIe H3 ctJaHepbi. DocJle 3TOro
OHH npOJI.OJl)l{aIOT pa 60TY.
B KOHue aaHHTHH l1pHHl1Ma- 35
lOT rOTOBbIe JI.eTaJlH, CBepHIOT HX
C ll1a6J10HOM If BbICTaBJlHIOT PHC. 3. II>Hrypa UbI£ll£eHKa,
B na4aJle BToporo ypoKa paccKa3bIBalOT 06 OTJI.eJlKe .lI.epeBHHHoH
nOBepxHoCTH. LJ:eJlb OTJI.eJlKH - npHjI,aTb H3JI.eJlHIO Kpacl1BblH BHJI. H
npenoxpaHHTb ,n:peBecHHY OT BJlHHHHH BHell1HeH cpe,n:bI. Pe6HT 3Ha.
KOMHT C np03pa4HbiM H Henp03pa4HbIM nOKpbITHHMH H3JI.eJlHH.
B pe3YJlbTaTe n po 3 p a q H 0 HOT,n: e Jl K H OCTaeTCH BHJI.'HMbIM
PHCYHOK (TeKCTYP a) JI.peBeCHHbI. J1.JlH .3TOro 06bI4HO HCnOJlb3YlOT
6eCUBeTHble JlaK'H. DOKa3bIBalOT 06pa3UbT H3j1,eJlHH, IIOBepXHOCTb
KOTOpbIX nOKpbITa 6ecuBeTHbIM JlaKOM. CJleJI.yeT HMen B BH,n:y 'ITO
nOBepXHOCTH JI.eTaJleH, 06pa60TaHHb!e BO,n:HbIMH KpaCKaMH, H;)I{HO
nOKpbITb oe c uBe11HbIM JlaKOM, 4TOObI ,n:eTaJlH He l1a'lKaJlHCb.
DpH Hen po 3 p a q H OH 0 T JI. e JI K e nOBepXHOCTb IIOKpbIBaIOT
KpaCHTeJleM, ,n:JlH 4eno MOiKHO HCnOJIb30BaTb 06bI4Hble MaCJlHHbIe
KpaCKH, TYll1b, KpaCKH JI.JlH 'PKaHeH.
Y'IeHHKaM nOKa3bIB a lOT, KaK OKpaliI'HBaIOT JI.eTaJlH nYTeM no-
f>pYiKeHHH (OKYHaHHH) HX B KpaCI<Y. Ih06bI He HCna'IKaTb PYKH
lI.eTaJIiH YJI.epiKHBaIOT nJlOCKoryoUaMH IIJlH KJIern.aMH. OKpall1eHHbI
JI.eTaJlH CTaBHT Ha cneU!IaJlbIlbIe cpaHepK!I HJlH KapTOIl !I. Doc.IIe
BbICbIXaII!IH nOBepXHOCTeH !IX no pblBalOT 6eCUBeTIIbIM JlaKOM. .ITaK
HaHOCHT TaMnOHOM !I3 XJlonlJaT06YMa)l{HOH TKaH!I.
Dp!I BbIllOJlHeH!I!I nOH pa60TbI YlJ!ITeJlb CJleJI.HT, 4T06bI ll1KOJlb.
HHKH, He 3analJKaJlH OJI.eiK,n:y, He OKpaC!IJI!I pa604ee MeCTO. rOTOBh1e
,n:eTaJlH OUeH!IBaIOT.
BonpocbI:
1. KaKHe rrpaBHJl3 nOBe)J.cIII1H y'131l.{1IXCH B MaCTepCKOIi Bbi 3l1aeTe?
2. Ha30BIITe 113BCCTllblC l3aM nop0J(bl l\pCBeClmbI.
3. LI,. H KdKOii Jie.nll 1l013epXIIOCTb wJl\e.nHfl oKpaIllHBaIOT?
4. PaccKaMHTe nopHAoK oKpacKH MeTolloM oKYHaHHH.
3AH5ITI1E 3
BblnJ1JHIBAHJ.fE JI063HKOM no BHElUHEMY KOHTYPY
nJiaH 3all5lTHH
Yqe6IIaa 3a)la'la
06'beKT TpY)la
CO)lepJKaHlIe
ITpHMe'laIlHe
03HaKOMJJeHHe C II>HrYPbI lI,blll-
pa60Toi4 Jl063HKOM nHT
1. YCTpOHCTBO Jl063HKa
H rrpHeMbI KpenJlelIHH rrHJI-
KH
2. Pa3MeTKa no wa6-
JlOIIY
3. npHeMbi BbIlIHJlHBa.
HHH Jl063HKOM
4. TexIIHKa 6e30nacHoc-'
TH npH pa60Te Jl063H-
KOM
5. CBoi4cTBa <jJaHepbl.
I1cnOJlb30BaHHe <l>aHepbI
Ha 20 y'!a.
UiHXC5I Tpe6yeT-
CH II a 01l1l0 3a-
II!!TIIC 10 3allac.
IIblX IJ!IJlO'IeK K
Jl063HKY
54
55
ou:eHKH. nOJJ.BOJJ.SIT HTOrH, OTMeLiaJOT YLiaw.HXCH, XOpOIIIO BbIfIOJlHHB-
IIIHX pa60TY, YKa3bIBaJOT Ha DT,n:eJIbHbIe HeJJ.OCTaTKH, coo6w.aJOT 0
pa6OTe, KOTOPYJO npeJJ.CTOHT BblfIOJIHHTb Ha CJIeJJ.YJOw.eM 3aHHTHH.
¥qe 6/fan 3a,lJ,aqa
06'beKT TpY)la
CO,lJ,epJKaHHe
I1pHMeqaHlfe
I1X KJlJOBaMH 6bIJIO npt1MepHO 20 MM. 4T06bI cpHrYPbI He ynaJIH, no,1t
HHX KJlaJJ.YT 6pycDLieK. Do DTBepcTHHM B cpHrypax HaMeLiaJOT IIIHJIOM
UTBepCTl1H B OOHOBaHHH 060HX 6pYCKOi3 H 3a6HBaJOT rB03JJ.H.
DOCJle D6"b5lCHeHI151 YLiaw.He,cH npHcTynaIOT K npaKTHLiecKoH pa-
60Te. DepeJJ. C60pKOH YLiHTeJIb eW.e pa3 nOKa3bIBaeT f\OTOBYJO 'HrpYIII-
KY, JJ.eMoHcTpl1pyeT ee B pa6ore. OH 06"b5lCHHeT, LiTO Bce OKpYiKaJO-
mHe Hac npe,n:MeTbI COCTOHT, KaK npaBHJIO, H3 MHDrHX LiaCTeH (JJ.e-
TaJIeil), K'OTopbIe B 3aBH'CHMOCTH OT Ha3HaLie-HH5I coeJJ.HH5IJO'J1C5I MeJK-
1J.y C06DH HenOJJ.BHJKHD HJIH nOJI.Bl1JKHO. B nepBOM CJIyLiae JJ.eTaJIH He
MorYT nepeMelllaTbCH o,n:Ha OTHO,CHTeJIbHO JJ.pyrOH.YLil1TeJIb nDKa3bl-
BaeT HW.l1K, MDJlOI'OK H ,n:py,rHe n:p, e,n:MeTbI JJ.eTaJIH, KOTopbIe c,oeJJ.H-
HeHbl MeiKJJ.Y CD60H H'eno,n:,BHJKHD. DDCJIe ::nDro nOKa3bIBaeT neTJIIO,
cTpy6U:HHY H !LpyrHe npe,n:MeTbI, LiaCTb JJ.eTaJleH KOT'OpbIX coeJJ.HHeHbl
MeiKJJ.Y C060H no,n:BHiKHO. OH 3aJJ.aeT YLiaw.I1MC5I BonpOCbI H npOCHT
IIX npHBeC'PH npHMepbI nDJJ.,BHiKHbIX H HenOJJ.BHiKHbIX COelI.HHeHHH JJ.e-
TaJIeH MeiK,n:y C060H.
KorJJ.a YLiHTeJlb 3aMeLiaeT, LiTO pe651Ta nOHHMaJOT 3HaLieHHe .3THX
TepMI1HOB, OH rOBopliT, LiTO' B Hr,p'YIIIKe cpHrYPbI U:bIrIJIHT H 6pYCKK
OCHOBaIHI5I coeJJ.l1:HeHbI nOJJ.B:HiKHO. Hx lIaJJ.D coe,n:HIIHTb TaK, 'lTOObl
npH nepeMew.eHHI1 6pYCK'DB KJlIOBbI cpHryp I100'lCpCJlIlO KacaJIIICb
KOp\1YUlKH.
rOTOBble 113JleJlIIH nplIIlHMalOTC5I YLiHTeJIeM, II ou:eHKH 3a HHX RbI-
CTaBJl5lJOTC5I B iKypHa.ll II ,n:HeBHHKH.
B 3aK,'1JOLieHl1e no,n:Bo,n:51T HTDf'H 3aH5ITHH nO' JJ.aHHOMY pa3JJ.eJlY.
OnpaIIIHBaJOT 3-4 YLiaw.l1XCH no npoH,n:eHHoMY MaTepHaJIy. OTMe.
LialOT He,n:OCTaTKH B pa60Te.
BonpocbI:
I. KaKHe CYW.eCTBYIOT cnoc06b1 coeAHHeHHH AepeB5IHllblX AeTaJlei'!?
2. Ha30BHTe BHAbI rB03AeH.
3. ,LlJIH qero H3j\eJlIIC nOKpbllialOT KpacKoi'! HJlH JlaKoM?
Bonpocw:
I. B KaKHX cJlyqa5lx u,eJleC006pa3HO HCnOJlb30BaTb llIa6J10HbI?
2. Ha30BHTe AOCTOHHCTBa II HeAOCTaTKII <jJaHepbl.
3. Ha30BHTe npaBHJla pa60Tbl Jl063I1KOM. DOKaMHTe npHeMbI pa60TbI Jlo(53H-
ROM.
3AH5ITI1514-5
BHAbl COEAHHEHHA AETAJIEA
DJlaH 3aHBtHJI
,LlaTb nOHHTHe 0 I1rpYUlKa
nOABHMHblX H He. «lI,blnJlHTa»
n OABHMllbl x coeAH'
HeHH5IX AeTaJlei'r
1. 3aBepUleHHe pa60TbI
HaA ,n:eTaJl!!MH
2. npHeMbl COeAJ-lIIellliJI
AeTaJlci'r MeMAY C060H
;j, nOABHil\llbie H He-
II OllRfI)j(f1ble Coe,IJ.Hllell!HI
AeT<lJleH
4. C60pKa HrpYUlKH H
HCnblTallHe B pa60Te
06 0 PYA 0 B a H H e: TO Me; nJlIOC 6ypaBtJHK, MOJlOTOK 100-rpaMMoBbIH, HC-
CKOJll\KO npeAMeToB, BfiJllOtJalOw.Hx nOABHMHble H HenOABH)/(Hble coeAHlleHHH
(HIJ.(HK, neTJlH HAp.).
XO,lJ, 3aHHTHH
YLiaw.HeCH npOJJ.DJliKaJOT BbIfIl1JIHBaTb cpHrYPbI U:bIfIJI5IT. BblfI:HJIeH-
HbIe cpHrYPbI 3aLiHlllaJOT IIIKYPKOH CD BCeX CTOpOH. DocJIe TDrO KaK
.3Ta LiaCT pa60TbI 6y,n:eT 3aKOHLieHa, nOKa3bIBaJOT npl1eMbI pa3MeTKII
OTBepCTHH. Pa3MeTKY BblfIOJlH5IJOT no IIIa6JlDHY. .D.Jl51 norD IIIa6.l10H
KJIa,n:YT Ha BbIrII1JIeHHbIe cpHrYPbI TaK, LiT06bI KOHTYPbI cqBnaJIH. 3a-
reM IIIHJlOM HaMeLiaJOT OTBepCTH5I H CBepJIHT HX 6ypaBLiHKOM.
HanOMHHalDT np,HeMbI DT,n:eJlKH cpHryp MeTD,n:OM oKynalIH5I B pa.
CTBDp KpaCHTeJl5l. KOHU:OM TOHKOH 3 u aOCTpeHHDH naJlOtlKH PHCYIOT
rJIa3a. KJlJO,B oRpaIIIHBaJOT KI1'CTOLiKOH HJlH norpYiKa51 erD B KpaCI\y
Ha rJIy611HY 4-5 MM. .
.D.aJIee rOTOBbIe 6pYCO'LilKH KJIaJJ.YT Ha BepcTaK TaKIiM 06pa30:V1,
LiT06bI MeiKJJ.Y HHMH OCraBaJIC5I 3a30p B 5 .MM, a KDHU:bI BbIcTynaJIH
Ha 20 MM. Ha 6pYCKH I{JIa,n:yr cpHrypbI, TaK, LiT06bI paCCT05lHHe MeiK,n:y
56
3AH5ITI1E 6
BbmHJIHBAHHE JIOB3HKOM no BHYTPEHHEMY KOHTYPY
nJlaH 3allflTHli
Yqe6lfall 3a.lta'la
06'beKT TpyD.8
Co)\epJKaHHe
I1pHMe'laHKe
0311 aKOMJlell He C HrpYIlIKa
npHeMaMH BbmHJlH- «KJloym.
BaHHH no BHYTpeH-
HeMY KOHTYPY
1 OI1pOCHTb 2-3 Ylla.
IlI,HXCH 0 TeXnHqeCKHX
cBoi'!C1Bax <jJanepbl.
2. .1J.eMolICTpall,HII HI'-
PYUlKH B pa60Te
3. DOcJleAOBaTeJlbHOCTb
pa3MeTKH HrpYUlKH
4. BblnHJlHBaHHe KOHTY-
pa <jJHrYPbl KJloYHa H
KOJlbll,a Jl063HKOM
06 0 PYA 0 B a H He: CTOJIHK, JI063HK, IllHJIO.
57
XO.Lf. 3aHSITHii
06 0 p Y ,II 011 a H He: CTOJIHK, JI063HK, IlIHJIO, annapaT ,I1JIH BblMHraHHH. KUC-
TO'lKa.
3aHHTlfe HaQIfI'1dIOT C ,n:e-
MOHCTpa/.{1f1f IfrpYlIlKIf «KJIO-
YH» (pIfC. 4). Yqaw.HMcH nDcJJ;-
JIaralOT nO.Lf.YMaTb Ha.Lf. nOpH.Lf.-
KOM ee H3rOTOBJIeHHH. 3aTeM
KOJIJIeKTHBHO pelIlaIOT, 4TO Ha-
qHHaTb pa60TY Ha,lI,O C nepe-
HeCCHHH C nOMow.bIO KonHpo-
BaJIbHOH 6YMarH KOHTypa Hr-
PYWKH Ha cpaHepy. OocJIe no-
ro 06e ,lI,eTaJiH HrpYlIlKII BbI-
m!JllI 13<J lOT JI063IfKOM, 3aIJH-
I1la!OT UlKYPKOH, paCKpalIlHBa-
10'1' l(paCKaMH H nOKpblBalOT
6eCILBCTllb!M JIaKOM. Y4HTeJIb
PHC. 4. KJloYII. 1l0BTOpHeT npHeMbl pa60TbI
JI063HKOM npH BI)IIIIiJIHBaHHH
KOHTypa cpHrypbJ KJIOYHa H
pa3bHcHHeT nOpH,lI, K BWnHJIHBaHHH KOJIbna. nJiH Toro IJT06b1 BW-
nHJIHTb BHYTpeHHHR KOHTYP KOJIb/.{a, Ha JIIfHHH pa3MeTKH lIlHJIOM
npOKaJIblBaIOT OTBepCTHe. nOCJIe noro O,lI,HH KOHe/.{ nHJIKIf OCBO-
60iK,lI,a10T H3 3aiiOlMa Jl063HKa BCTaBJIHIOT e ro B OTI3C
3a ' pCTHe, CHOBa
KpenJiHIOT BIHlTOM H 11 pHcTyna lOT K B 1>11 1I1J1IJ na 111110. nop HJJ.OK 131>1-
nlfJIHBaHHH BHYTpeHHIfX KOIITYPOB TaKofl iKe, KaK H npH BbInIfJII1Ba-
HIfIf BHeWHHX KOHTypOB.
n eYIJaw.HMCH pa3,lI,alOT cpalIepHble 3arOTOBKIf, IIIKYIH<Y, JI063HKIf If
P ,n:JIaraIOT 'HM npHcTynHTb K pa60Te. B npo/.{cccc pa()OTJ,1 ytIHTeJIb
nOM,:;raeT OT.Lf.eJIbHbIM yqaW.IfMCH rrepeBeCTIf KOHTYP <plIrYPLI KJIO Y U8
Ha 't'aHepy If 3arrpaBHTb JW63IfK.
B KOHne 3aHHTIfH, np HIfMaH rO'TOBbIe .Lf.eraJiII HrpYlIll{H, yqHTeJIb
CBepHeT HX C lIla6JIOHOM, 3aMeQeHHbIe He,lI,OCTan<1f n p elwaraeT HC
npaBHTb. -
XO,lI, 3aHSITHR
Yqaw.HMCH pa3,lI,alOT He3aBepmeHHbIe paGaTbI If npe,n:JIaraIOT npo-
,lI,OJIiKHTb BbIIIHJIHBaHH.e cpHrYPbI KJIoyHa H KOJIbna. HocJIe Toro KaK
66JIblIlaH qaCTb Y4aw.HXCH BbIITOJIHHT 9TY pa60TY, IfM nOKa3blBaIOT
nopH,n:OK paCKpaCKH cpHrYPbI KJIoyHa Kpa,CH'TeJIHMH. B KaqeCTBe Kpa-
CHTeJIeH MOJKiHO HCnOJIb30Ba Tb /.{BeT,HYIO TYlIlb, K.paCKY ,n:JIH TKa HeH,
pa3Be.rr.eHHYIO B TenJIOH BO,lI,e, nBeTHbIe MOpHJIKH. Y4aw.HMCH npe,lI,-
JIaraIOT caMIfM no,n:6HpaTb nR Ta. OKpalIleHHbIe H BbIcylIleHHble
.rr.eTaJIIf nOKpbIBalOT 6ecnBeTHbIM' JIaKOM.
BMeC''I'O OKpaCKIf MOiKHO ,lI,eTaJIIf KJIOYHa OTiJ;eJIaTb BbIiKHraHHeM
C nOMow.bIO BbliKHraTeJIbHOrO annapaTa. IllKOJIbHHKaM nOKa3bIBalOT
npHeMbI BbIiKHra,HHH: BKJIIOqeHHe H BHKJIIOqeHHe npH60pa, XBaTKY
BbIiKHraTeJIH, rJly6HHY BbIiKHraHHH, rrOJIYIJeHHe JIHHIfH, H TOqeK. 06-
paw.aloT BHH;',laHHe Ha TexHHKY 6e30naoHocTIf npH pa60Te C BbI1KH-
ra1'eJIbHbIM npH60poM. Yqaw.Hc<cH MorYT caMIf BbI6paTb, KaKoH BH.Lf.
OT,lI,eJIKH HCnOJIb30HaTb. '
B rrponecce pa60Tb! YQIfTeJIb CJIell.HT sa c06J110.ZleHlfeM IIpaBHJI
TeXHHKH 6C30l1aC1I001i IIpll BLIIIOIraIlIIH.
OpoBepHB pa60TbI U BLICTaBHB onCIIKH, yqHTeJIb nOJI,Bo,n:HT oOIlJ,He
IfTorH. PeKoMeH,n:ye1'CH npoBecTIf 6ece,n:y 0 TOM, qeMY HaY4HJIHCb YlJa-
w.HeCH Ha rrpOlIle,n:lIlHX 3aHHTHHX. .
B 3aKJIIOqeHHe, eCJIll OCTaJIOCb HeMHoro BpeMelMi, MOiKHO npo-
BeCTH copeBHOBaHHe no 3aKH,n:bIBaHHlO KOJIbna Ha HOC HrpYlIlK'H. Ha
no JI,O'CTaTOIJHO 5-8 MHHYT. Pe6HT ,n:eJIHT Ha HeC!<OJIbKO rra,p H npr,'l-
JIaralOTHa6pocHTb KOJIb/.{O lIa HOC. BbIHrpbIBaeT TOT, KOMy y,n:aCTCH
Ha6poCHTb KOJIb/.{O 60JIblIlee KOJIHqeCTBO pa3.
nEPBOHA1JAJIbHbIE PA60Tbi
C TOHKUM JIUCTOBblM METAJIJIOM U npOBOJIOKOff
3AH5ITI1E 7
O1l1.EJIKA Bbl)l(HfAHHEM
nJIaH saHHTHH
Y'Ie(lliag 3a]1a'la I O(l"beKT TpYAJ
03IIaKOMJIeHHe C I1rpYWKa
OT,IIeJIKof! BbIlliHra. «KJIoya»
HlieM
COAep)ltaflHe
fIj>IfMe'laIiHe
)J.JIH 03UaKOMJICHHH ytIaw.HXCH C nepBOHaqaJIbHbIMH npHeMaMH
06pa60TIOI MCTa.JI.JI013 HCnOJIb3yeTcH 6eJIaH HJIH qep:HaH iKeCTb H
CTa.JIliHaH npOBOJIOKa.
Pa3MeTKY ,n:eTaJIeH np5IMoyrOJIbHOH MJIH KBall.paTHOH cpOpMbl
npOH3BO,n:HT pa3MeT04HbIMH HIICTpYMeHTaMH, It JI,CTltJICi'I lIenpal3lI.J!b-
HOn cpOpMbI no 3apaHee npHrOTOBJI{ IIHbIM lIla6.nOIlltM.
I13,n:eJIHH 'H3 TOHiwro JIHCTOBOro MeTaJIJIa H np0I30.JIOKH npH BHelIl-
HeH HX rr-pOCTOTe )I;OBOJIbHO CJIOiKHbI B pa3MeTKe. 009TOMY lI.eT3.'II1
H3,n: JIHH ,pa3MeqaIOT Ha 6YMare, YTOqHHIOT nYTH nOJIYtJeHHH 06'beM-
Horo TeJIa H3 pa3Be'pTKH. npH nepexQJJ.e Ha MeTaJIJI B IV KJIaCCe pe--
J{,oMeH,,n:yeTcH pa3MeTKY npOBO,lI,HTb no lIla6JIOHaM.
C}le,n:yeT OTMe1'HTb, q'I'O B pH,n:e CJIY4aeB npH pa60Te C iKeCTbIO Ii
npOBOJIOKOH MOiKHO HCnOJIb30BaTb naHHHe. nporpaMMoH naHHHe He
00
I. Cnoco6bl OTAeJIKH (})a.
IJ eplIblX H3AeJIHi\
2, OOpHAOK OTAeJIKH 83-
J e.1!!Il BblMllraHlieM
3. TexHHKa 6e30fl8cIIOC-
TH
4, Ihofll pa60TbI
58
n pOOO.A3lCeHUe m6/1. 4,
. '" I
"'s
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TeMaTHKa 3aHHTHU
TeXHHQtCKHe CoeneHHIl
1 ITpaKTHqeCKaH pa50Ta I 06'btKT TPY,D,I
3
4
o pa3BepT' Pa3MeTKa Kpyra Pa3BepT-
IJ,HpKYJIeM. BbIpe3a- Ka neCO'lUH-
HHe AeTa.1eH, HMelO- IJ,bl
W.HX KPHBOJIHHer"l-
HYIO <jJOPMY (BbIpe-
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II I1pHeMaMH CKJIeH- lIeHHH TerpaAei\ KJIelO H rB03A!!X 06pa60rO l lHbI)(
BaHHH H 6YMarH 2. npHrOTOBJIellHe CTO- Onepall,Hi'r KOPOT-
JlHpHOrO I<JIeH KO nOBTopHTb,
3. OKpacKa AeT8JJH 6e3 .n:eMOHCTpa.
4. TexHHKa 6esonaCHoc- lI,Hi\
TH npH oKpacKe
PI1C. 12. Pa3MeTKa OCHOBaHll1i Kop06KII .l1J111 rerpalIei\ II 6YMar.
060 P Y J1 0 B a H He: MOJIOTOK, KJIeHHKa, BaHHa c pa3Be.n:eHHOn KpaCKOn.
B5IHHOH paMKOH II OCHOBaHlieM COe,lJ;HH5IIOT Ha KJIelO. HanOMliHaIOT,
'11'0 npll pa60Te OHB ,lJ;OJDKHbI lICnOJIb30BaTb paHee nOJIyqeHHbIe 3Ha-
HI15I H YMeHlI5I.
OOCJIe ,noro nO,lJ;p06HO paCCMaTpliBalOT KOHCTPYKII.HIO Kop06KH,
ee lIa3HaqeHlIe, Y3I1aIOT, KaK elO nOJIb30BaTbCH, H B pe3YJIbTaTe 06-
cym:,lJ;eIlH5I onpeJl.eJJ5IIOT OCHOBlIbIe pa3Mepbl, IICXO,lJ;H H3 pa3Mepa
TeTpa,lJ;lI.
113roT,OBJIeHHe l<op06Klf lIa'lHllalOT C OCIIOB31I1HI.
YqaW:lIMC5I pa3,lJ;alOT 3apallce 3arOTOBJICIIHbie KY'CKH ct>aHepbI pa3-
MepOM 230X 120 AtM, lIIJlIIct>oBaJlbHYIO lIIKYPKY Ii npC,lJ;JlaraIOT Tw:a-
TeJlbHO 3aql1CTHTb 06e CTOpOHbI ct>aHepbl II TOpUbI. OocJle ,noro no-
Ka3bIBaIOT nOp5I,lJ;OK pa3Me1'Kli OCHOBaHlI5I C IIOMOW:bIO l<apaHJl.alIIa,
JIHHellKH II yrOJ1l:>HlIKa (pliC. 12). YlJlITeJIb BbtnOJlH5I'eT :3TY pa60TY
Ha J1.0CKe, a lIIKOJlbHlIKlI BCJleJl. 3a yqHTeJleM npOI-I3130Jl.5IT pa3MeTKY
OCHOBaHlI5I Kop06KlI. lh06bI YlJaIll.lIeCH He J1.0nYCKaJIH OIlJll60K, OR
BHOBb HanO'MHIlaeT, lJTO OTC'leT no JlnHeHKe npOll3BOJl.5IT 01' HYJIeBO-
ro J1.e,1eHH5I.
Ha BTOpOM ypOKe yqaW:lIMC5I pa3J1.alO1' 3arOTOBKlI B BHJl.e J1.epe-
B5IHHbiX 6pYCOlJKOB CelJeHlIeM lOXIO MM H npeJl.JlaralOT 3alJlICTlITb
'HX co Bcex CTOpOH II OTpe3aTb no pa3Mepy B npll'Onoc'06JleHlIli.
LI.Jl5I OTpe3aHI15I 6pYCOqIWB noJl. yrJIOM 45° JlYlJlIIe HOnOJIb30BaTb
HOm:OBKY C TOHKI1M nOJlOTHOM I1JlI1 CJlCCapHYIO HOm:OBKY He60JIblIIHX
pa3MepoB C nOJlOTHOM J1.JlH'HOH 150 MM.
Ha r01'OBbIX 6pycolJKax KapaHJl.alIIOM pa3MelJalOT MeCTa YCTaHoB-
KI1 rB03J1.eU; 3TH MeCTa HaKaJIbIBalOT 1III1JlOM.
3a BblfIOJIHeHHYIO pa60TY BbICTatBJl5IlOT OII.eHKI1 B m:ypHaJi 11 J1.HeB-
HI1K. Kpl1Tepl1eM ou.eHKH CJIym:HT C06JIIOJl.eHl'Ie lJepTem:HblX pa3MepOB
npl1 pa3MeTKe, a TaKm::e KaqeCTBO 3aql1Il1.eHHbIX nOBepxHocT,eil.
XO.ll. 3aHHTHH
YqalU.HMcH pa3J1.alOT .ll.eTaJIH, H3rOTOBJlCnllbIe Ha npOlIIJIOM 3aHH-
THI1. 11M I'OBOpHT 0 TOM, lJTO 6PYCoqKH K OCHOBaHl11O 6YJl.YT npHKpe-
nJI5ITbC5I C nOMOIll.blO KJIe5I H rB03J1.eii. YlJl1TeJIb KOpOTKO paCCKa3bl-
BaeT, qTO npe.n,CTaBJI5IeT C060H C1'OJl5I,pHblii KJIeH 11 KaK ero npl1ro-
TOBJl5IlOT .lI.JIH pa60TbI. lI.eMoHCTpI1PYIOT nop5I.1I.OK c60pKlI OCHOBaHI1H.
BHaqaJIe KJIeeM CMa3bIBalOT O)J;HY CTOPOHY 6pycoqKa H npl1KJlaJl.bI-
BalOT ero K OCHOBaHHIO TaK, lJTo6bI BHYTpeHH5I5I KpOMKa COBnaJla C
C.JlI1HHeii pa3MeTKI1 (pl1c. 13). 3aTeM B 3TH 6pycoqKlI 3a611BalOT
rB03J1.11, OTKYCHB npeJl.Bapl1TeJlbHO Y HI1X rOJIOBKI1. BbIcTynalOW: He
KOHUbI OTfI16aIOT. lh06bI He nOBpeJl.I1Tb KPbllIIKY BepCTaKa, noJl. OC-
HOBaHl1e Kop06KH nOJl.KJIa.lI.bIBaIOT .lI.ow:elJKY. TaK nocTynalOT CO Bce-
MH 6pycOqKaMH. ,
OTBeTI1B Ha Bonpocbl IllKOJIbHI1KOB, HM npe.lI.JIaralOT npl1CTynHTb
K pa60Te.
LI.Jl5I COCJl.HlleIlH5I 6pYCOlJKOB C OCHOBaHl1eM Mom:eT 6blTb I1cnO,1b-
30BaH Ii Ka3el11l0BbIH KJleH 11 CI1HTeTl1lJeCKl1e KJlel1, Hanpl1Mep Tl1na
5<p H ,n:p.
PHC, 13. KpenJJeHHe 6PYC01JKOB K OCHOSaHl11O Kop06KH.
78
79
'COOtpaHHoe O'CHD-BaHITe nOCJIeIItpOiCYIlIKH onYCKalOT B paCTBOp MO-
pITJ!KfI i1JIH KpaCKIT ,1I,.'IH 'DKartleH. nOCJIe Toro KaK KpaCKa BbICOX'HeT,
nOBepXHO'CTIT OCHOBaHH5l110KpbIBaIOT 6eC BeTUbIM JIaKOM'. J1aK Ha-
HOCHT IHIICTblO ITJIIT C 11.OMOW:blO XJIOIII4aro6YMa)f{HOrO TaMIIOHa.
EC.1IT KpaCK3 He y,CneeT BblCOXHYTb, TO ::ny pa60TY BbIlIOJIH5lIOT
na C,1e,a:YIOw:eM 3aH5lTITIT. '
Y4aiu.ITMlC5l HalnOMITHaIOT, 4ro l 6bl OHIT He KaCaJIITCb 3arp5l3UeHHbI-
MI1 PYKaMIT JIITlJ,a, ITOnOJIb30BaHHbie TaMIIOHbl OKJIa,a:blBaJIIT 6bI B Me-
TaJIJIl1q CKITii 5lW:ITK.
foroBbIe ,a:eTaJIIT Y4HTe.'lb npl1HITMa,eT 0'1' Ka/K)l:OI'O IlIKOJIbHITKa H
BbICTaBJI5leT OlJ,eHKH.
60
175
l/70
60
i(aptnOH
(:)
;t-
....
(:)
(:)
....
3AH5ITI1E 3
06PA60TKA KAPTOHA
155
155
(:)
....
PHC. 14. 4epTeM pa3BepTKH Kopnyca Kopo6KH.
nJlaH 3aHRTHli
Yqe(iuaH suaqa
06'beKT TpYAB
CO.up>KBHlle
ITpHMeqaHHe
B npolJ,e,c,ce pa60TbI Y4ITTeJIb BHITMaTeJIbHO CJIe,a:ITT 3a pa60qeH n030ii
Y4aW:ITXC5l, XBaTKOH ITUCTpYMeuTa, OKa3blBaeTHe06xoJl,I1MYIO no-
MOW:b.
nOCJIe npOBCpKIT 11 BblCTaBJl("IIH5l ou,eHOK Y4amITM,CH nOKa3blBalOT
npaeMbI Bblpe33111151 pa3Bcp1'Kfi 110 JII!I!ei'!Ke C nOMoW:bIO !lO/Ka. J1e3-
BHe uOlKa ,a:ep/KaT 1I0nH OTBeCHO K JII1HI1I1 pa3pe3a. npl1 nOM BHa-
4aJIe Jl,eJIalOT uerJIy6oKI1H HaJl,pe3, T04UO cOBna,a:alOW:I1H C HaMe4eu-
HOH JIITHl1eH. Pa60TY np0!13BOJl,HT CT05l. J1eBoH PYKOH HalKITMalOT Ha
JII1UeHKY, 3a60T5l,cb 0 TOM, 4T06bI OHa He c,a:BITraJI3'Cb C MeCTa IIPH
pe3aHITH. 41'06bI ue IIOBpC,a:HTb nOBepXUOCTb BepCTaKa, no,a: KapTOU
1I0,a:KJIaJl,b!BaIOT Jl,epeB5lUHYIO ,a:Ow:e4KY (nOJJ:pe3HYIO Jl,OCKY) I1JIIT KY-
COK <paHepbI. npl1qeM ,a:OCKY KJIaJiYT TaK, 4T06bI JIHHIT5l pa3pe3a IlIJIa
B,a:OJIb BOJIOKOU, TaK KaK npIT pa3pe3aHITIT nOlIepeK BOJIOiKOH JIITHIT5l
pa3pe3a MOiKe1' nOJIY4I1TbC5l HepOBHOH.
YQfITeJlb npe,a:.J1araeT 2-3 YQeUI1KaM nOBTOlpITTb ynpalKUeHl1e,
nOCJIe Qero, HanOMUI1B Y4aW:ITMC5l npaBI1JIa TeXHITKI1 6e30naCHOCTH
npfl pa60Te C HOIKOM, pa3peIlIaeT npITCTY,IIITTb K pa60Te.
!\or,a:a 60JIbIlIHUCTBO IlIKOJIbUI1KOB BbIpelKeT 3ar01'OBKH, HM ,a:e-
MOHCTpl1pyloT npfieMb! Ha,a:pe3aHH5l JIITUITH orl16a. HaJl,pe3 np(}fI3BO-
,a:5lT ua 1I0.10BHHY TOJ1UJ.I1HbI KapTQua. OTeHKIT O1'rl16alOT B C1'Opouy,
npoTI1BOnOJIOlK,HYIO Ha,a:pe3aM. ¥I3roToB.1euHbIH Kopny'c BCTaBJI5l10T B
O'CUOBaHlIe. ECJIH napylKHbIe pa3MepbI KoplIyca He TOQUO COBlIaJl,alOT
C BHYTPCUHITMI1 pa3MepaMIT OCHOBaUI15l, yQIITC.Tlb caM 1I0MOra,eT no-
,a:oruaTb KOPIIYC 110 pa3Me'paM nYTeM npOBe,a:CHH5l ,a:onOJIH!lTeJIbHOrO
UaJl,pe3a lIapaJIJIeJIblUO JII1UITI1 crIT6a. .
no Xo,a:y ypoKa, IIpIT 3anOJIUeHI1IT pa6,04eH nay3b!, Heo6XOJl,IDfO
nOJl,po'Queii paccKa3aTb 0 TaKOM MaTepl1aJIe, KaK KapToH. K apT 0-
H 0 M ua3bIBalOT TBe!p,a:ylO IT TOJInylO 6YMary. KapTou IlIfIpOKO I1pl1-
MeUH,e1'C5l B uapOJIiUOM X035lH'C1'Be. TaK, UanpITMep, 113 Hero ,a:eJIalOT
06JIOIKKIT K KHl1raM 11 aJIb60MaM, nanKIT IT OKOpOCIlIITBaTeJII1. KapTOH
03HaKOMJlelfHe c I\opnyc
o6pa60TKoi\ KapTOo P06KH
Ha
KO- 1. DOCJleAoBaTeJlbHOCTb
pa3MeTKH pa3BepTKH KOp-
nyca Kop06KH H3 KapToHa
2. Bhlpe3allHe pa3DepTo
KH C 1I0MOIIlI.10 1I0)l(a
3. TexIIIIKa GCJOn8Co
IIOCTII nplI paCioTe c KO.
MOM,
4. npel1.IJapllTeJlhllaR
c(50pKa Kopllyca Kopo6KH
5. BIIALI K3pTOH8, ero
npHMelleHHe
0(50 P Y It 0 B a H He: JlHHei\Ka, yrOJlbHHK, HO:nc AJI!I p83pe381I1I11 (5YM8ra,
KapTOHa.
H a r JI !I A H bI e n 0 C 0 (5 H II: 06pa311.W KapToHa.
o <jJ 0 P M JI e H He It 0 C K H: '1epTeM pa3BepTKH KapTOHHoro Iwpnyca KO-
PO(5KH (pHC. 14).
XOJl, 3aHSITHSI
YQaW:I1MC5l rOBOp5lT, 4TO Ha ,a:aHHOM 3a,H5liITIT OHIT 6y,a:YT Jl,eJIaTb
IT3 KapTOHa Kopnyc Kop06KI1. ¥IM IIOKa3bIBalOT pa3Be,pTKY Kopnyca.
Ew:e pa3 HanOMIIHaIOT, 4TO TaKoe pa3BepiKa IT KaK OHa nOJIY4aeiC5l.
LI.aJlee 06'b5lCHHIOT 1I0pHJI,OK pa3MeTKI1 pa3BepiKI1 C nOMOW:bIO Ka-
- paHJI,aIlIa, JII1HelIKH IT yr'OJIbHI1Ka. Pa3MeiKY HaQI1HalOT C BbI4ep4ITBa-
HU5l IIpHMoyrOJIbHHKa pa3MepOM 140x 470 MM. LI.aJIee IIpOBOJl,HT JIll-
HITIT crl16a IT JII1HITI1 pa3pe3a. . 3ry pa60ry YlwW:l1eC5l IIpOBOJl,HT
caMOCT05lTeJIbHO, IIOJIb3YH'Cb 4epTe1KOM, BbllIOJIHeHHbIM Ha ,a:OCKe.
80
6. 3aKa3 2374.
81
fICnOJIb3YIOT Ii npH CTpOHTeJIbC1'Be }KHJIbIX AOMOB. OH HAeT Ha H3ro-
TOBJIeHHe CYXOH IlITYKaTypKH, Py6epol1Aa 11 roJISI. 113 KapTOHa .lI.eJIa-
lOT pa3JIHIJHbIe npOKJIa,n:KH H APyrHe AeTaJIH, npHMeHlIeMbIe B 3j1eK-
TpOTeXHHIJe,CKI1X YCTaHOIBKax. '
ECTb H .60JIee KaIJeCTBeHHbIH KapTOH, KOTOpbIH HCnOJIb3yeTcII .lI.MI
BHYTpeHHeH OT.lI.eJIKH BarOHOB, CY.lI.OB, Me6eJII1 H r. .lI..
HaH60Jlee npOCTbIe copTa KapTOHa H3rOTOBJI5JIOT H3 ApeBeCHblX
OTXOAOB H MaKYJIaTYPbI. 3.l1.eCb 06bIIJHO YIJHTeJIb npOBOAHT 6ece.ll.Y
o nOJIe3HOCTH C60PKH MaKYJIa TYPbI, n pe.ll.Jl arae r IlIKOJIbHHKa M CKa-
3aTb, r.ll.e e e npHMeH5JeTC5J KapTOH, '1eM OH OTJIHlJaeTCfI OT 6YMaru
H nOlJeMY TaK IlIHpOKO npHMeH5JeTC5J 3 HapO.ll.HOM X035JHCTBe.
5YMoeo
<:)
<:)
c:::.
....
BonpoCbI:
!55
f55
480
I. Ha30BHTe nOpH1I.0K n01l.rOToIIKH pa(5o'lero MeCTa.
2. KaKHe BH1I.bl KJJeeB npHMell!!IOTC!! B CTOJJHpllOM 1I.e,le?
3. PaccKalliHTe, l<aK nOKpblBalOT JJaKOM nOBepxHocrH ,lJ,epeBllllllblx 1I.eTaJleH.
4. KaKHe npaBIIJJa TeXHHKH (5e30nacHOCTH CJJe1l.yeT C06JII01I.aTb npH pa60Te c
HOMOM?
PHC. 15. 4epTelli 6YMa)J{HOH pa3BepTKH 1I.JlII 06KJJeHKH Kopnyea KoPO(5KH.
Yqe6Hao salla"a
06 bCKT TP Y J\8
Coup",aHHa
npHMe'lallHe
HO, nOJIb3Y5JCb '1epTe)KOM, BbmOJIHeHHblM Ha .lI.OCKe. Y'II1TeJIb JIHIlIb
BHHMareJIbHO CJle.ll.HT 3a paOOTOH III KOJ1 bll fI I<OB, TIllaTCJIbHO KOHrpO-
JIl1pyeT pa3Mepbl palMCIj(,lllIblX 3arOT0I30K. nOCJ1e npOBcpKH pa3Me-
pOB YlJaIll,flMC5J pa3[1CIlJilCTC51 I3blpC3aTb 3arOTOBKI1 HO)KHHllaMI1.
YlJa I1M'C5J paCCK33blBalOT 0 TOM, lJTO 6YMary MO)KHO pe3aTb H
HO)KOM, npHlJeM pa3JIHlJHbD/[11 npHeMaMH. ECJIH He Tpe6ye1'c5J nplIMOH
H TO'!HOH JIHHHH pa3pe3a, 6YMary pe)KYT no crl16y. C 31'OH lleJIbIO
HOIK BI30.ll.5JT BHyrpb 6YMa)KHOrO crl16a JIHCTa H nJIaBHO nepeMe a-
lor ero B.lI.OJIb Bcero crH6a.
HaH60Jlee pOBHa5J JIHHH5J pa3pe3a nOJIYQaeTC5J npH pa3pe3aHI1H
. 6YMarH HO)KQM no JIH HeHKe. JI HHeHKY 6epYT MeTaJIJIHlJeOKYIO. P a3- '
pe3aloT 6YMary Ha rJIa.ll.K0I1 pOBHOH nO,.lI.pe3.HOH AocKe, JIYlJIlIe Bcero
JIHrrOBOH. no)!, pa3pe3bIBaeMYlO 6YMary nO.ll.KJIa.ll.bIBalOT KYCOK He-
HY)KHOI'O KaprOHa. 5YMary pe)KYT He KOHllOM HO)Ka, a oKpyrJIeHHOH
lJaCTblO Jle3BH5J. HO)K Be.ll.YT B.lI.OJIb JIHHeHKH C JIerKHM Ha)KHMOM.
f1pe.ll.JIaralOT pe6IITaM BbIpe3arb O.ll.HY 113 pa3 epTOK C nOMO blO
HO)Ka. E e pa3 HanOMI1HalOT 0 He06xtO.lI.HM'Oll OC'I'OpO)KHOCTH npH
pa60Te C 1l0)J<OM.
B nepepbIBax Me)K.lI.Y rrpaKTHlIeCKOH pa60TOH YlJa HMC5J paCCKa-
3b1Ba1OT, '!TO 6YMary H3rOT<1I3JIHl3aIOT 13 BI1,n:e OT.lI.eJIbHbIX JII1CTOB H
HerrpepbIBHOH JIeHTbI IlIHpl1IlOH OT 2,5 .lI.O 6 M, a ra3cTIIyl0 6YMary
.lI.eJIalOT IlII1'PI1HOH .lI.O 7 . MHoro pa3JII1lJUbiX 1311.l1.0B 6YMarl1 11'CrrOJIb.
3yeTC5J rrpl1 rre4'aTaHl1I1 KHl1r, 1131'0'1'OBJIeHI1H o60eB, acpHIlI, reTpa.ll.el1
H pa3JIH'!HbIX .lI.oKyMeHToB. Y'la I1MC5J npe.ll.JIaralOT Ha3BaTb 113BeCT-
Hble 11M npe.ll.MeTbi I1JIH OT.lI.eJIbHbIe ,n:eraJIH, H3rOTOBJIeHHbie H3 6YMa-
fI1. B pe3YJlbTaTe Ta'KOH 6eCe.ll.bI .lI.,eJIa'IOT BbIBO.ll., lJTO 6YMara 6bIBaer
pa3JII1'!H-OH TOJI HHbI 11 npO'!HocrH. OHa MO)Ker 6bITb rJIa.ll.Ka5J 11 IlIe-
pOXOBaTa5J, np03pa'!Ha5J II Henp03palJHa5J. U,BeT 6YMarH MO)KeT 6bITb
caMbIH pa3JIH4HbIH.
3AH5ITI1E 4
06PA60TKA 6YMAfH
nJiaH saURTH!!
03HaKOMMliHe c Kopnyc
o6pa6oTKoH 6YMarn P06KH
KO' I. nOCJJ('JlOnaTl'JJ 1I0CTI>
pa3MPTKH 6YM:tIKIII.IX pn3-
BepToK Kopllyca IWPO(jKH
2. Bblpe3alllle pall1('pT-
KH HOlliHHu,aMH H IIU)J\oM
3. TexH HKa 6e3011 ac-
HOCTH IIPH pe3aH HH 6YMa-
rH
4. BH1I.bl 6YMarH, ee 'HC-
nOJlb30BaH He
o (5 0 p Y II 0 B a H H e;
yroJlbHHK.
H a r JI 51 II H bl e no C 0 (5 H II:
o <jJ 0 P M JI e H if e. II 0 C K H;
P06KH (pHC. 15).
Hom llJlII pa3pe3aHHII 6YMarH, HomHHUbI, JlHHei\Ka,
06pa3u,bI 6YMarn.
'1epTeMH 6YMaMI!blX pn3BepTOK Kopllyca KO-
XO.ll. 3aHHTHH
3aH THe nQiCB5J aeTCII pa3MerKe " BbIpe3aHI1I0 3arOTOBKI1 fI3
6eJIOH H llBe1'HOH 6YMarH ,n:JI5J 06KJIeI1BaHI15J Kopnyca KOp06KI1. Pa3-
MeTKY 6YMa)KHbIX 3ar01'OBOK Y'la HeC5J BbInOJ1H5JlOf CaMOC1'05JTeJIb-
82
6*
BonpOCbI:
1. l(aKoB nOpjJ!{OK pa3pe3aHHII KapTOHa C nOMO blO HOJKa?'
2. Ha30BHTe BHllbl KapTOHa, BHAbl 6YMarH.
3. DOKa'KHTe, KaK AeplliaT HOM npH pa60Te c. KapToHoM 1I.6')I,Mar0H,
Bonpocw:
I. Ha30BHTe BHAb! KneeB.
2. 113 'Iero AeJIatOT KJIeH?
3. KaKoB nopjJAoK CKJIeHBaHHII ,lJ.eT8JIen?
3AH5ITI1E 5
MOHTA)I( 06'bEMHbIX H3AEJIHn H3 6YMArH H KAPTOHA
3AH5ITI1E 6
MOHTA)I( 06'bEMHbIX H3.lI.EJIHR H3 6YMArH H KAPTOHA
nJIaH 3aHliTHli
n if a H 3 aH II TH jJ
qe(lHal\ sa.u:sqa
O(loeKT TpYJU I
COD.epJKSHHe
, OpHMeqSnHe
YqeOHaa aauqa
O(l'beKT TPyJtS
COD.epmaHHe
OpHMeqaHHe
0311 aKOMJIellHe Kopnyc KO-
C npHCMaMII MOil- P06KH
18llia Kop06KH
I. .D.f'MOIICTpaIlHH npHe-
MOB MOllTiI)I{i! Kopnyca
2. lIpllI"OTOnJ1ClIlJc K.le!!
.11J1H 6YMarn H KapTolla'
3. KapTonalliHble pa60-
Tbl
Ta me, 'ITO H na
npen:weCTBYIOw. eM
3aH!!THH
Kopnyc
P06KH
KO-
1. .D.eMoHCTpall,HII nplle-
MOB MOHTaMa Kopnyca
2. npOAOJIMeHHe Kap-
TOHalliHblX pa60T
3. 0 KYM>Type H '!FIC-
TOTe KapTOHaMHbIX pa60T
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npell(aeT if IKeJlTbIH - Tpe6yeT BHWMaHH5I (3anpeIlla.eT JJ.IHDKeHHe).
CMeHa u.BeTOB rrpoH3Bo,n:HTCH perYJlHpOBll(HKOM HJlH CJnTOMaT!l'leCKH.
Y1.Jall(HMCH ell(e pa3 l1o,Ka3bIBalOT M01,n:eJlb CBCTO(!JOpa H 110 PH-
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pa60TY MOJJ.eJlH. 3aTeM 3HaKOMHT Y'Iall(HXCH C nopH,n:KoM !I3rOTO-
BJIeHHH 3a,n:HeA II nepe HeA KOJIO,n:OK rOJlOBKH MOJJ.eJIH cBeTocpQpa
(pHC. 20).
92
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nepe1.JHbIe pa3MeTO'1.JHbIe JlHHH'H OTKJIaJJ.bIBaJOTCH 01' OCHOBaIHHH: 4ro-
ISbI Y1.Jall(HeCH YCHOHJlH 3TOT 110pHJJ.OK, HM MOIKHO 3aJJ.aTb TaKOH 13011-
poe «Ha KaKOM paCCTOHIHHH OT OCHOBaHHH CJleJJ.yeT npOBOJJ.HTb
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12 MM; B 3aJI.!lcii - BIIa l laJ1e ,n:HaMeTpoM 3 MM (Ha l C'KB03b), a 3aTeM
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TOpbIX cooTBeTc11ByeT 1.Je,pTeJl{'lIbl'M pa3MepaM. LI.J1HHY 3arOTOBKH
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C06JleHHH. ¥IM ell(e nO,'Ie3HO HanO'MHHTb, lITO 01'C4eT npOH3BOJJ.HT OT
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K3K Y4HTeJIb y6e,n:H'TCH B To,M, 1.JT'O pa3Me11Ka npOH3'Be,n:eHa npaBHJlbHO.
93
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pa6oTKI1 KOJIO,n:KI1 Hanl1.'lbHHKOM 11 lIIKYPKOH. JII1IllHIOIO ,lI,peBeCI1HY
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94
PHt. 22. KOJIOJIK3 C
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3. nOKaMHTe, KaK HaAO CTOHTb npH pa60Te Ha CBepJ1HJJbHOM CTaHKe. .
4. nO'leMY o6pa6aTbiBaeMY!O AeTaJJb Heo6xoAHMO Ha,ltejf{HO SaKpenJJHTb?
YqeOlia. &aU'la
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HarpeBaeT ne411, B KOTOpblX nJIaBI1'I'CSI MeTaJIJI, oCBemaeT pa6041f
MeCTa If T. ,no
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nopTe. MIfJIJlIfOHbI n'accaJoKnp'9B eme.ll.'HeBlIO nepeB03SIT 9JIeKTpOB03bI,
nOe3.l1.a MeTpo, TlpaMBalf, TpOJlJleH6ycbI.
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6bITb Bonpoc K Y4am1fMcSI.
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Bonpoc o'meTIfTb TPY.lI.HO. 04eHb 4aCTO 60JIbIIIIf,e ropO.ll.a cHa6maloTcSI
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3JJeKTpO'CTaHLI.I1H SIBJJ5IIOT'CSI UCTOtlflUKUMU TOKa. KpoMe 9JIeKTpH-
lJeCKHX CTallLI.HH, eCTb H JLpyme HCTO'-lIIIfKI1 9JICI{TpH'-IeCKOH 9IJeprHH,
npaB/La M('lIce MOlIllILIe. l( TaKHM IICTO'llfHKaM 9JleKTplf4ecKoH 9Hep-
rlfH MomHO OTHeCTH 6aTapelf OT KapMaHHoro <poHapSI, aKKYMYJI5ITO-
pbl. Y4amHMCSI nOKa3bIBalOT 9TIf I1CT04HlfKI1 nI1TaHI1SI, nOJl!KJl104aSI
K HI1M HH3KOBOJIbTHbIe JIaMn04KIf.
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CT05Imei'I 113 I1CT04tHlfKa TOKa, npOiB'O.ll.H'I1KOB 11 nOTpe6ffTeJIeH, T. eo,
KpOMe IfCT04HlfKOB TOKa, B Hee BXO.ll.SIT nOTpe611TeJII1. IloTpe6uTeJlflMU
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9'1'0 C nOMOmblO O.ll.HOrO npOBO.ll.a. E-cTecT'BeHHO, JlaMn04Ka He 3aro-
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npOBOJI.SIT 9JleKTpIf4eCJ<1I1H TOK, a eCTb MaTepHaJJbI, KOTopbIe ero He
npOBO.ll.SIT. COBMeC1'HO C Y4aml1MlfCSI .lI.eJlalOT on pe.ll.e,lC II 1151, '-ITO npo-
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3AHHTHE 3
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9JleKTpH4eCTBe. 3aTeM IIIKOJlbHI1KaM npe.ll.JlaralOT lia3BaTb H3Becr.
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96
1. 3aitas 2374.
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YJI:06Hee.
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nOTpeOI1TeJIH K I1CT04HHKY TaKa, KOTOpbIH HaXOJI;!1T'CH Ha JI;aJIeKOM
paCCTOHHHH, nCnOJIb3YlOT UlrenceAbHoe coeiJuHeftue, COCTOHru:ee 113
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9. 3aKa3 2374.
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pI1TM; 3H3KOMHT C npaBHJIaMH TeXHHKH 6e30nacllocTH.
HCnOJlb3Y5I HHCTPYKll.HOHHYIO KapTY (pHC. 45), OH o6palll.aeT
. BHHMaHHe IllKOJIbHHKOB Ha TO, '11'0 BHalJaJIe Ha,a:o 06pa6aTbIBaTb
illI1pOKYIO CTOpOHy AeTaJIH -TIJIaCTb. QHa ,a:omKHa 6bITb BbICTpO-
raHa TO"IHO, no,a: JIHHeHKY (,a:eMOllcTpHpyeT CTporaHHe H cnoc06b1
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.LI.a.'1ee yqllTeJlb nOKa3bIBaeT, KLIK CTporaIOT Y3KYIO CTOPOHY-
KlPOMKY - no,a: yrOJlbHHK, T. e. no,a: yrOJI B 90°; ee TO)Ke TIOMe'laeT
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,n:ony,cKa5I 3TiHX OIllH60K.
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llIKOJIbHHKaM pa3,a:aIOT He3aBepIlleHHbIe ,n:eTaJrH. Y'IHTeJIb 06pa.
llI.aeT BHH'M aHtIe Ha OIllH6KH, ,a:onYlll.eHHbIe H a n pe,n:bI,a:Ylll.eM 3aHHT u HH,
H nOKa3blBaeT, KaK HX HcnpaBHTb. .LI.aJIee OH ,a:eMOHCl'pHpyeT p e H C-
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3AH5ITI1E 4
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130
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131
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33Tpa'IHBaeMb1X lIlKonbHHKaMII rrpH CTporaHHH.
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pe33T'; lI,eTanb C rrpHriycKOM lIlKOJlbHIIK MOlKeT HO)KOBKOn, 6e3 rrpH-
crroc06neHHH, HO OKOH1JaTenbHoe pe3aHHe rro T01JHOMY pa3Mepy
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rrHTHKJlaCCHHK nonyQaei .neTann, 06pa60TaHHble C ,lI.OCTaTOllHOH
TOqHOCTblO, He06xo,ll.HMO rrpOH3BO,ll.HTb B npHcrroc06neHHHx.
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onpe,ll.eJleHHOrO CeqeHHH) rrpe,ll."bHBJl51IOT p a60TY yqHTeJlIO, KOTOpWH
,lI.aeT pa3pelIleHHe Ha ,lI:OBO,ll.KY ,lI.eTaJl!l B rrpHcnoc06JleHHHx. Y1JaIll.HH-
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rrHCbIBaeT ee H CJJ:aeT Y'IIITeJIIO.
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JIeIlIIH, T3K K:iK HOCJIe :noro y Bcex WKOJlLI1I1KOI3 nOJlYlJaiOTCH 0,ll.1I-
HaKOBble ,lI.CTaJIH.
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HHIO C onepaQl1eH CBepJleHI151, pa3MeTKe oTBepcTHH H CBepJleHHIO IlX
Ha CTaHKe HJlH C rrOMOIll.blO PY1JHbIX HHCTpYMeHToB.
YQHTenb pa£cKa3bIBaeT 0 lIlHpOKOM pacrrpocTpaHeHHH cBepneHIIH
BO Bcex 06JlaCT51X TeXHHKH, ,lI.eMOHcTpnpyeT6ypaBqHKH, 06pa3QbI
CBepn (nepOBble, CnHpaJlbHble, nOlKeqHble) H 06paIll.a T BHHMaHHe
lllKonbHHKOB Ha TO, qTO, HeCMOTpH H-a HX BHelliHee pa3JIH1JHe, OHH
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06pa3Ha51. OH nO,ll.qepKHBaeT, qTO rrpH CBepJIenHH (TaK )Ke <aK H
rrpH CTporaHHH) pelKYIlI.aH qaCTb CBepJla ,lI.OJI)KHa 6blTb OCTpOH, TaK
KaK, qeM OHa OCTpee, TeM 60nblIle C03,l1.aeTC51 ,lI.aBJleHHe Ha I'll aTe-
pl1an, TeM Jler1Je CBepJIIITb ero.
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HHKH rrpe,ll.naralOT CBepnITTb ,lI.I3yMH PYKaMH, I3,l1.BOeM H T. ,lI.. Y1JHTenb
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60Jlee ,lI.JlHHHYIO H rrpe,ll.JlaraeT HM CpaI3HHTb pa60TY. Y'lenHIm 3a-
MeqalOT, 1JTO CBepJIHTb nano ner1Je. DepeXO,ll.H K CBepJleHHIO oTBep-
CTUH npH nOMOIll.H K 0 .II 0 BOp 0 T a, Y1JHTenb 3aMeqaeT, qTO BM -
CTO BCTaBHOH nOrrepeqHOH PY1JKH 6ypaBa B KOJlOBOpOTe HCrrOJlb-
3ylOT MeTannHqeCKOe KOJleHO, KOTopoe 06nerllaeT BpaIll.eIIHe
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TenbHO npOBepHTb rrpaBHJlbHOCTb pa3MeTKH. B ,lI.aHHOM Cnvqae
MOIKHO rrpe,ll.nOIKHTb lIlKonbHHKaM rrpOBepIITb pa60TY ,n:Pyr Y .npyra.
.lI.eMoHCTpUPY51 CTporaHue nOCJle pa3MeTKH peACMYCOM, Y1JHTenb
nO,ll.1JepKHBaeT BalKHOCTb COXpaHeHI-IH pIi'COK, TaK KaK COCTpatl-lBaHHe
pHCKH npIIBo,n:UT K YMeHblIleHHIO 3a,ll.aIlHOrO pa3Mepa,
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UHH B 06pa60TKe ,lI.peBeCHHbI. OT Toro, HaCKonbKO rrpaHHnbHO BbICT-
poraHbI nJlOCIWCTH H yr.'lbI, 3aBlHCHT Ka1JeCTnO H3,l1.eJlHH, rrpOqHOCTb
coe,n:HHeHHH ,lI.eTa.'leH Me)K)l.y C060H. D51THKnaCCHHKH He HMelOT
HaBbIKOB CTpOraHI151. DpH BceM HX CTapaHHH rrJlOCKOCTH ,lI.eTaneft
nOJlY'IaIOTC51 C 3aBanaMI1, nepeKOC8MH. B pe3YJlbTaTe ,lI.CTaJlH H3,l1.e-
JlHH rrOJlYIIaIOTC51 C 60nblIll1MII oTcTyrrJlCm!51MH OT Tpe6yeMoH <POpMbI
II pa3MepOB, 1JTO C!HDKaeT IIIITCpeC Y'IanUIXC51 K TPY,lI.Y, Bepy B c06-
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raHHe (H He TonbKO Cl'pOrallHe) Ka'leCTBeHIIO, 3HallHTeJlbHO rrOBbI-
PHC. 4'7. HanpaBHTeJIb THna crycJIa !l.JIIi cTpdrallHH.
PIIC. 48. HanpaBHTeJIb AJIII cTporaHHII illHpOKOH nJIaCTH.
133
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nepeJl,atJH Jl,peJIH, Ha npe06pa30BaHHe Jl,BH)KeHHH B HeH, YKa3bIBaeT,
tJTO lj TO BpeM5I, KaK PYKOHTKa Jl,peJIH Jl,eJlaeT OJl,HH 060POT, CBepJlO
cOBeplliaeT 3-5 060pOTOB.
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CH - CBepJIHJIbHbIe. CBepJlHJIbHbIH CTalIOK rrpHBOJl,HTCH B Jl,BII)KeHHe
y)Ke 9JIeK'I'pHtJecKHM TOKOM, tJeJlOBeK JIlIllIb 06ecrretJHBaeT BepTH-
KaJIbHOe Jl,BIIJKeHHe CBepJI a.
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HcnOmlHTeJIbHOrO MexaHII3MOB. Y1IHTeJIb BKJIIOtJaeT CTaHOK, Jl,eMOH-
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CTaHKa (He BJJ.aBa5lCb B Ilo!qJ06110CTl1) II npeJJ.JIaraeT BbIfIOJIHHTb
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CBepJIHT OTBepCTHe CBepJIOM JJ.HaMeTpOM 3 MM (Ha cTaHKe), 3a-
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3aHHMaeT MHoro BpeMeHJ-I H JJ.aeT p0I3110 Olq)(lIIIC'IIIIYIO nOBepXHOCTb.
TIocJle BbICbIXaHH5I rOTOBaJlbH 10 rrOKpbIBaIOT JI a I<OM. B C1YIJ ae, eCJlH
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3AH51THE 5
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3CTeTlltJHOCTb (jJOPM, H3JJ.eIKHOCTb coeJJ.HHeHIIH JJ.eTaJlell MeIKJJ.Y C060H,
B03MOIKHOCTb H3rOTOBJleHH5I H3 HMelOlll.HXC5I 3arOTOBOK.
KOHCTPYKTOP COBpeMellHoro rrpoH3BoJJ.CTBa 06513aH rrpH C03JJ.aHH'Il
HOBbIX H3JJ.eJlHI", opHelITlIpoBaTbcH Ha MaTepHaJl, JJ.eTaJlH, Y3J1bI, Bbl-
nycKaeMbIe B COOTBeTCTBHH C rOCToM. B IlIKOJlbHbIX MacTepcKlIx
MorYT 6bITb C!I"rym lIlI, I<orJJ.a B HaJlH4H'1I HMeeTC5I KaKOH-JlH60 orr-
peJJ.eJleH!IbIH MaTCjlllaJl. I-L1IlpHMep, B MacTepcKoH eCTb 06pe3KII
JJ.OCOK pa3MepoM 20X 130X:3GO MM. CJleJJ.OBaTeJlbHO, KOHCTPYHPO-
BaTb rrpeJJ.MeT HYIKHO C Y1IeTOM 3TOrO MaTeplIaJIa. OnbIT rrpOBeJJ.eHII5I
rrOJJ.06HOH P a60TbI rrOKa3 aJl, tJTO IlIKOJlbHHKH MoryT ycnelliHo YlJlI-
TbIBaTb 3TOT (jJaKTOp.
HatJaJlOM pa60Tbl no KOHCTpYHpOBaHHIO MO)KeT rrOCJlYIKHTb plI-
CVHOK YlJHTeJl51 Ha JJ.OCKe OJJ.HOH H3 rJlaBHbIX JJ.eTaJlef! npeJJ.MeTa,
H-arrpHMep KpbIIliKH rrOJl,CTaBKH JJ.Jl5I Ll.BeTOB. IlIKOJlbHHKaM npeJJ.Jlara-
eTC5I rrOJJ.YMaTb HaJJ. JJ.aJlbHeHIIIHM 3aBepIIleHHeM KOHCTPYKLl.HH rroJJ.-
CTaBKH (pHC. 49).
1. KaKOBO Ha3l1a'lelllle pei'rcMyca, yrOJIbHIIKa?
2. IloqeMY npH cTfJoraHHH AeTaJIH C nOMOll\blO npHCIIOCo6JJeHHH HX nOBepx-
HOCTH nOJIY'IaIOTCIi 6e3 3aBaJIOB H nepeKocoB?
3. KaKoBbl npeHMYll\eCTBa CBepJIHJIbHOrO CTaHKa no c,paBHeHHIO C PY'lHbIMH
HHcTPYMeIlTaMH? '
4. !10KaMHTe Ha CBepJJHJJbHOM CT3HKe ABRraTeJlb, nepeAaTo'JRblii H HCnOJJRIl-
reJIbHbIII MexaRH3MbI. '
135
npH TaRoH <pOpMe OpraHH3aUHH
3aHHTHii IllKOJ1bHHKH pa60TalOT
C OOJ1bIlleil ,a:OJ1eH CaMOCTOHTeJIb-
HOCTH, KpOMe TOrO, OHH lJYBCT-
BYlOT Ba}l{HOCTb oJTOH pa60Tbl,
TaK KaK npHxo,a:HTCH He TOJlbKO
H3rOTaBJ1HBa Tb 1I3,a:eJ1He, HO H
pa3DHCHHTb XO,a: pa60Tw CBoeMY
TOBapm,uy, nOMoraTb eMY B CJ1Y-
lJae He06xo,a:HMoCTH.
BbI6paB <POPMY opraHH3a-
UHH 3aHHTHH (<p'pOHTaJ1bHYIO HJlH
opHra,a:HYIO), . YlJ!lTeJlb np.e,a:J1a-
raeT flIKOJ1bHHKaM, onpe,a:e.1J.HTb
pa3Mepbl 06pa3uoB, KOTOpbIMIJ
HM npH,a:eTcH PYKOBO,a:CTBO-
BaTbCH npH H3rOTOBJ1eHHH 1f3-
,a:eJl HH.
BHalJaJle IllKOJlbHHKII onpe-
,a:eJI5IIOT ,a:JlHHY, UlIlPIlUY H B!JICO-
TY npc,a:McTa. ECTecTBcIIIIO, 'ITO
YlIHTE'JIb nOMoraCT 11M B 3TOM.
nOMOW.b 'ero 3aKJ1IOLJaeTC5I B
OM, lJT06bl HanpaBHTb pa60ry
IllKOJ1bHHKOB no npaBHJlbHoMY
nYTlI. HanpHMep, IllKOJlbHHKH
npe,a:JlaralOT H3rOTOBHTb no,a:-
cTaBKY ,a:J1HHOH 600 MAt. YlJHTeJIb
nOKa3bIBaeT KaKoll-JlH60 06pa-
3eu no,a:CTaBKH, 1f3Mep5leT ee
,a:Jl!1HY, cpaBHHBaeT C D:JlII1IOH,
n pe,a:J10}l{ eH HOH IllKOJ1 bH I1I< a MH,
no,a:6HpaeT HalI60Jlee nplfeMJle-
"MbIH pa3Mep. '
TaKHM JKe 06pa30M Be,a:eTC5I
pa60Ta no onpeJI.eJleHHlO ,a:PY-
r!lx pa3:\lepoB npc MeTa H or-
,a:eJlbHbIX ero lJaCTelf.
,lXaJlee YlJHTeJlb HaHOCilT yc-
TaHOBJleHHble pa3Mepbl Ha tIep-
re/!< (pHC. 51) H npe,a:J1arae'T
IllKOJlbHllKaM nepeHecTH ero B
pa60lJHe TeTpa,a:H. DocJle Bbl-
rrOJlHeHH5I IllKOJlbHIfKaMH lJepTe-
}l{a HJlH TeXHHlJeCKOrO pHcYHKa
YLJHTeJlb rrpOBep5ler HX H CTaBIfT
oueHKH.
..----";' -
-
-
';Q
I
.JJfO -.320
Puc. 49. <!>opMa OCHOBHOl1 AeTaJlIi - KpbllllKH nOACTaBKH
AJlII QBeTOB.
.lJ.onYCTIfM, O IfH H3 IllKOJlbHn'KOB npe,a:J1araer KOHCTPyKUlf1O
no,a:CTa13KH C qeTbIpbMSJ I10}l{KaMH I<JHILl.pfITIIOrO ce'lellHH, KOTopble
,a:OJl}l{HbI Kpem-ITbC5I rB03,a:51MH B Topeu HO}l{el{. CJle,a:yeT, 0,a:OOp5lH
peIlleHlfe B ueJlOM, BbIpa3lfTb COMHeInIe B H3,a:e}l{HOCTH KpenJ1eHIf51
HO}l{eK H npe,a:JlO}l{'HTb BceM no,a:YMaTb' Ha,a: ycoBepIll,eHCTBOBaHlfeM
KOHcrpYKUlf1f C TeM, lJT06bl YCTpaHIfTb 3TOT He,a:oCTaToK.
DocTyrraeT npe,a:JlO}l{eHlfe CKperrlfTb HO}l{KH pacrropKaMH. B ,a:aH-
HOM CJ1YlJ ae peIlleHlfe Hall,a:eHO, If YlJlfTeJlb BbI3bIBaeT' CJl e,a:YIOw.ero
YlJeHHKa, rrpe.lJ)IO}I{IfBillerO CBOIO KOHCTPYKUlflO. ECJIH }l{eJlalOw.HX
60Jlbwe, ,a:OCKY pa36HBaloT Hi! 5-6 lJaCTell. IllKOJlbHHKH 3ap1fCOBbl-
BalOT CBOI! IWHCTPYKIJ.IIH, lIanpIIMC'p TClKIIC, KOTOphIC IIpc,a:CTaBJleHbl
Ha pncYII!\c 50.
nOcJle Toro Kal< pe6HT:1 IICIfCprraJlII enoll BO:\MO)KHOCTlI, HalJlf-
HalOT alIaJllI3 npe,a:CTclIJJlelIlIhIX KOIICTPYI{LI:Ili'1 11j)('l MeToB ,a:Jl51 Toro,
lJT06bl J1Y t IUIJ1e 06pa3l1.bI (B COOTneTCTI\lfIf C rpC60B3IIHHMIf K 1f3,a:e-
MIlO) oT06paTb .lJ,Mi' 113r'OTOB 1J.eIIIIH lIa rrOC,lICJI.YIOIIU/X 3aH5ITH5IX.
YlJIfTe.1J.b rrpe,a:JlaraeT BbI6paTb JlY'IIlltIe 06pa3l1.bI, OTBC'I:tIOIl(lIe COC-
raBJleHIIblM paHee Tpe60BaHII5IM K HX 1f3rOToBJleIlIIIO, (TpCOOBaIIH5J
HarrlfcaHbI Ha ,a:ocKe, YlJHTeJlb ew.e pa3 HarrOMIfHaeT If X.) 113 rrpe,a:-
CTaBJleHHblX 6 06pa3uoB III KOJlIiHIf Kif oT06paJllf ,a:JlH H3rOTOBJleHIISJ
TpH-H, III, IV, rrplllJeM MOTIIBIIpOBaJ1H CBOM Bbl60p TeM, lJTO 3TH
06p a3l1.bI JlerlJe c,a:e.1J.aTb, OHlI 6Y.lJ,YT rr pOlJHbI, YCTOHlJUBbI II 60Jlee-
KpaCHBbl no cpaBHeHHlO C ,a:PyrIfMH If lJTO If X MO}l{HO C.lJ,eJlaTb H3
HMelOll1.erOC5I MaTeplfaJla. Half60Jlee rrOJlHO OTBelJaeT BceM Tpe60Ba-
HH5IM, rro MHeHHIO IllKOJlbHHKOB, 06pa3eu IV.
Pa60Ta no H3rOTOBJ1eHHlO 06pa3uoB MO}l{eT 6bITb opraHlf30BaHa
<ppoHTaJlbHO - H3rOTOB.'1eHHe Bcei1 rpynnoH o,a:lloro oopa3uCl, 60Jlee
npocToro H n06pHra,a:Ho - H3rOTOBJleHHe 60Jlee CJIO}l{HOrO 06pa3l1.a.
Bo BTOpOM cJlYlJae oT6HpalOTcH ,a:Ba-TpH 06pa3l1.a, ABTOp 06pa3ua
B 3TOM cJlYlJae B03r.1J.aBJ151eT 6pHra,a:y IllKOJlbHIIKOB rro 1f3rOTOBJleHIIlO
I13.lJ,eJlH5I ero KOHCTPYKUHII.
BTOpa51 <popMa opraHlI3aUHH pa60TbI - 60Jlee Tpy,a:Ha51 .lJ,JlH YlJH-
rE'JlH, !l0 OHa, KaK nOKa3aJl onblT, 60J1ee HHTepecna .lJ,JlH IllKOJlbHIIKOB.
136
PHC. 50, 06p33QbI fIOACT3BOK )J,JlII QBe.
TOB, npellJ]oMeH !ble WKOJlbHHK3MH, ltc-
XOAIi H3 OCHOBHOH lleT3J1H. '
137
XO.ll. 3aHSITHSI
320
C:I
C\j
Ha .lI.aHHOM 3aHHTUH HaQHeTCH IT3rOTOBneHITe CKOHCTpyupoBaH-
HbIX yqeHUKaMH U3.l1.enUM:, qepTe2K'H KOTOpblX ITMelOTCH Y HHX B pa-
OOllHX TeT'pa,n:HX.
, Dpelli,n:e qeM HaqaTb paOOTY, rOBOpHT YlIllTenb, HY)KHO rrpO.ll.Y-
MaTb rrOCne,n:OBaTenbHOCTb U3fOTOBneHUH 1l3,n:enHH, COCTaBHTb nnaH
paOOTbI. llIKonbHTIKaM KpaTKO paCCKa3bIBaeTCH 0 Ba)KHOCT!l rrna-
HHpOBaHUH B rrpOH3BO,n:CTBeHHbIX ycnoBHHX, qTO OT TOro, H aCKOnbKO
Y.lI.aqHO rrpO.ll.YMaHa TeXHonOrUH H3rOTOBneHIl,H KaKOrO-nHOO H3)J.enHH,
3aBHCHT Ka1IeCTBO. ero H3rOTOBneHHH, 3aTpaTbI TPY.lI.a H BpeMeHU IT
MHoroe ,n:pyroe.
Ha KOHKpeTHbIX rrpHMepax rrOHCHHlOT Ba)KHOCTb rrnaHHpOBaHHst
paOOTbI B IlIKO.'1bHbIX MaCTepCKHX. TaK, HarrpHMep, MO)KHO H3rOTO-
BIlTb Kalli)J.YlO HO)KKY rrO)J.CTaBKH OT.lI.enbHO. Ho 3TO HeIJ.eneCOOopa3-
HO, TaK KaK rrpH H3rOTOBneHHIl HO)KeK TaKHM crrOCOOOM TpaTHTCSl
MHoro nYIIlIHero BpeMe!lH, KpOMe Toro, KopOTKHe )J.eTanll oopa6a-
TblBaTb CnO)KHee. B ,n:aH'HOM cnyqa:e HY)KHO B3HTb 3arOTOBKY, paBHYlO
)J.nITHe .lI.BYX HOllieK, II BbICTpOraTb .lI.eraJ1b 3a.ll.aHHOrO CeQeH1I5I,
KOTOpylO 3aTeM pa3pe3aTb Iia J1,BC '1aCTH: ooe .lI.eTa,lHI
Oy,n:YT O.ll.HHaKOBoro celIelIHH, C3KOlIOMilTCH BpeMSl lIa HX H3rOTOB-
J1eIIHe.
Y1IHTenb rrpe)J.naraeT IlIKOJlhlIHKaM IIO)J.YMaTb lla)J. COCTaBJleHHCM
nJ1aHa H3rOTOBneHHH H3)J.eJ1HH. f1JlaH rro rrYHKTaM ,3arrl1CbIBaeTCH HM
Ha )J.OCKe. f1pu U3rO'roBJ1eHHU, HarrpHMep, OOpa3IJ.a IV 3arrHCb rrnaHa
MO)KeT 6bITb TaKoH.,
20
PUC. 51. I'hoopaMeHHe nO,l{CTa,B a 8 BJI,lI;e ,'Ie.pre1Ka {S'Bepxy) R B ImJl.e pacyHKa
(BHU3Y) .
BonpocbI:
1. KaKHe Tpe60BiJIIIIH npCAuHBJlHIOTCH K KOIICl'PYKlI,HH 113AeJlHII?
2. 4eM OTJlHqaerCR 'lepTeM OT TeXIIH'leCKoro pHcYIIKa?
3AH5ITHE 6
nnAHHPOBAHHEPA60T
..yqe6HaH 3a)uiqa
o 6'beKT TPy JU I
CO.llep)f(aHHe
I1pHMe.taHlie
f1J1aH H3rOTOBneHHH rrO)J.CTaBKH )J.n5I IJ.BeTOB!
1. H3rOTOBneHHe KpbIIlIKH.
2. H3rOTOBJ1eHHe HOllieK (1l3 )J.eTaJ1U, paBHoH rro )J.nUHe )J.ByM
HO)KKaM) .
3. 3aQaCTKa KpbIIlIKlIl II HO)KeK IlIKypKOM:.
4. Pa3MeTKa MeCT coe)J.H!le!lH5I .lI.eTaJleM: Me)K)J.Y c060M:.
5., CBepJ1eHHe OTBCpCTIIH rro,n: IlIYPyrrbl.
6. C60pKa H3.l1.CJlH51 lIa IlIypyrrax. "
7. OKpacKa H3.l1.eJlIHI.
B rr,1 aIIHpOBa IIIIC p aUOTbI He Cne.ll.yeT BIW lOll aTb rrOCJ1e)J.OBaTeJ1b-
HOCTb H3rol'oBJlcIm5I rrpII3Mal'!1lJCCKUX ,n:cTaJIei1, TaK KaK B rrnaHe
6Y.ll.eT CJ1HIlIKOM MHoro nYI!KToB. r10CKOJlhKY IIJIW.TIhIII1KI1 rro)J.p06HO
3HaKOMI1J1I1Cb Ha rrpe)J.bI,n:YI.IIIIX 3<l1l51TI15IX C nOJI.o6110fl p{1()OTOH, IJ.e.
J1eCOOOpa3Ho )J.aTb 11M I1HCTPYKIJ.HOHHYlO KapTY lIa 113rOTOBJ1eHl1e
npl13MaTHqeCKOrO 6pYCKa, B KOTOpOH rrOKa3aHa rrocne)J.OBaTenbHOCTb
U3rOTOBJleHHH .lI.CTa.1H.
lllKOJ1bHHKU rronyqalOT 3arOTOBKU IT HaqHHalOT pa60ry.
TaK KaK yqaI.IIHeCH He HMelOT cme )J.OCTaToqHbIX YMeHHM: H Ha-
BbIKOB CTporaHHH, pa60TY IJ.eJ1eC006pa3HO CTpOHTb Ha 3arOTOBKax
TI' JI a H 3 a H R T H SI
03HaKOMJleHHe C TIoAcTaBKa AJiSI
nJlallHpOIJallHCM pa- l<BeTOB
OOTbl no H3rOrOBJle-
HHIO 113ACJlHSI, co-
cToHw.ero H3 He-
CKOJlbKHX AeTaJleH,
1. POJlb nJlaHHpOB allil SI
npH H3rOTOBJleHHH H3Ae-
JlHH
2, COCTaBJleHHe nJlaHa
[]OCJleAOBareJlbHOrO H3ro-
TOBJleHHH H3AeJlIIH
3. TIpaKTH'IeCKaH pa60-
Ta llIKOJlbHHKOB no Haro-
TOBJleHHIO npH3MaTHqe.
CKHX AeTaJleH
4. TIoABeAeHHe HTorOB
3aHHTI1H
000 PYA 0 B a H II e: 'IepTeMH H3AeJlHH B TeTpa;:!:!! lliKOJlbllI1Ka, HHCTPYKlI,IIOH-
HaR KapTa Ha H3rOrOBJleH!!e npH3MaTH'IeCKoro 6pYCKa, JlI1HeHKa, yrOJlbHHK, pellc-
MYC, py6auoK, npHcnoc06J1eHHR AJISI Cl'pOraHHR.
138
139
C 3aBbIllIeHHbIMI1 npl1nYCKaMI1 ()J.o 5 MM Ha CTOPOHY). llIKOJIbHIIKH
113rOTaBJII1BalOT )J.eTaJII1 c npl1nYCKOM 1-2 MM,a oKoHtJaT,e.'IbHYIO
IIX ,n:OBO)J.KY np0I13BO)J.5IT C nOMO blO npl1cnOC06JIeHI1H }l.JI5I cTpora-
HlHt. 9TO n03B10JI5IeT nOBblCIfTb KatJeCTBO oOpaOOTK'If.
3AH5ITHE 8
COEAHHEHHE AETAJlEf'I HA rB03A5IX H lUypynAX
nJJaH 3aHilTHil
BonpocbI:
1. C KaKOH lI,CJIblO npoH3BoAHTCfl nJl8HllpOBaHHe pa60Tbi Ha npoH3BoAcTBe?
B IlIKQJIbHbIX MacTep KHx?
2. KaK CAeJIaTb HeCKOJIbKO OAHHaKOBbix KOpOTKHX AeraJleli?
3. 4TO TaKoe npHnYCK Ha 06pa60TKY?
yqeOHaH 3aAaqa
OO'beKT Tp¥)(a
CO)(ep>KaIiHe '\
llplIMeqallHe
8AH5ITHE 7
03HaKOMJIellHe c nOACTal3Ka AJIII .
npaBIiJIaMH coe1J.li- l{BeTOB
HeIlH!! AeTaJIeH lIa
rB03AHX H llIypynax
1. BHAbi coeAIIHeHHIi B'
TeXHIIKe
2. nOAroToBK8 ,lJ;eTaJIei\
K c60pKe
3. npaBHiia nOA60pa
rB03Aei'r II llIypynoB
4. npaBHJIa TeXHHKH
6e30lIacHocTH
5. npaKTlI'leCKall pa60Ta
IlIKO.1bHIIKOB IIO c60pKe H
OT AeJIKe H3AeJIIIl1
6. nOABeAeHHe HTorOB
sallllTlI1I
H3rOTOBJlEHHE .lI.ETAJlEf'I no HHCTPYKLl.HOHHOf'l KAPTE
nJIaH saHflTHIl
YqeOliall saJta'la
06'beKT TpYJta
CO)(ep>KaHlie
llpllMe'laKHe
3aKpenJIeHlle YMe.
HHH B BbIllO,lHeHHI1
OCHOBHblX 06pa60-
TO'lHbIX onepall,HIi
nOACTaBKa AJIH
I.(BeTOB
1. AHaJIII3 01ll1l60K npe.
l\bIAyw.ero 3aH!!TII!!, Ha KO-
TOpOM IlIKOJI,bHIIKI-I 113ro.
TaBJII1Ba,nH npll MaTHqe.
CKlle i1eTaJIIi
2, npOAOJI>KeIlHe paISa.
TlJ 110 113rOTOnJ1('IIIIIO
npIJ3M8TII'ICCKHX ACTaJJel\
, I
o ('j 0 PYA 0 II a 1111 e: UlltJIO, K0J10nOpor IlJIH .n:PCJ1b, cnCpJ!lt,nhllJ,lrt cranoK, Mnj
JlOTOI<. OTlH'pTI<a 06r.l'llla!1 II MCX:!IIII'ICCJ(,III, UlYPYHhl, rn031J.11, UlKypl<a Kpynllo JCP-
HIICTa!! H MCJIKO:JCpIlIlCraH, CI1l1pTOlJOi'1 IIJIII MaCJlllllblii JIaK, BaTa II Tl<allb AJ111 TaM-
nOIiOB (HJIH KIICTII - IIpli pa60Te C MaCJIHHblM JlaKOM).
060 PYA 0 B 8 Hue: TO Me, 'ITa H AJIII npe.a.bl.a.yU.lero 3allllTllfl.
XO)J. 3aHSITIISI
WKOJIbHHKaM paCCKa3bIBalOT 0 TOM, tJTO BCe coe)J.HHeHH5I B TeX-
HIfKe no)J.p (3)J.eJI5I1OTC5I Ha p a3'beMHbIe 11 He p a3'beMHbIe, MHorlfe H3
3THX coe)J.lmeHHH pe05ITaM 113BeC'PHbI. GHH Ha3bIBalOT CBapHbIe
coe)J.HHeHH5I, oe)J.IlHeHI15I npl1 nOMOIlI,1f 3aKJIenOK If naHKIf, Ha OOJI-
Tax, «K KaKOMY lKe BIf)J.Y coe)J.HHeHHH MOlKHO OTHeCTH coe)J.}IHeIJlHI
Ha rB03)J.5IX, wYPynax?» - OOpaIlI,aeTC5I YtJl1TeJIb C BonpOCOM K
WKOJIbHHKaM. BbI5ICH5IeTC5I, tJTO nepBbIe coe)J.I1HeHlf5I - Hepa3_'beM-
HbIe" BT0!2..bIe MO,KHO OT!IeCTH K p a3'beMHbIM.
BH11MaHI!e W!WJIhlIH!<OB 06paIlI,aeTC5I Ha TO, tJro,coe)J.I1HeHlf5I npH
nOMOUlII rBo]]T,cii II lIlypynoB OCI!OBaHbI Ha I1CnOJIb30BaHHIf TpeHH5I.
OH npOCI!T IUKOJll>!I!II<OB 06'h5ICIIIITb, tJTO lKe CJIYlKHT HCTOtJHHJ<OM
TpeHH5I B 3TlIX COCJJ.I!lICIlIl51X, nO'ICI\1Y 3a61ITbIH B )J.peBCCIWY rB03)J.b'
TPY)J.HO BbITaIlI,HTb )J.alKe C nOMOIIlhIO 1<.neIlICH. BLI51CH51CTC5I, l(TO
rB03)J.b (wypyn) p(3)J.BHraeT CJIOI1 )J.pCBCCII!!hI, KOTopble C 60JIbWOH:
CHJlOH )J.aB5IT H a Hero; 11 Tpe6yel'c5I 3H atJHTeJIb!l 3 51 ClL'T a )J.JI51 ero
BWTaCKI1BaHH5I. YqH1'eJIb 06'b5ICH5IeT cnoc06 non60pa fB03neH If
ruypynoBB 3aBI1CHMOCTI1 OT TOJIIlI,HHbI MaTepHaJIa (rB03)J.H 6epYTC5I
B 2,5-3 pa3a )J.JIHHHee TOJIIlI,I1HbI nplf611BaeMoH )J.eTa,'IH). EOJIee
TOHKHe )J.eTaJIH npH6lfBalOT K 60JIee TOJICTbIM, HCJIb35I 3a611Ba1'b
rB03)J.H 6JII13KO K KpalO )J.eTaJIIf, TaK KaK no npHBo)J.IfT K ee pacKa-
JIbIBaHlflO.
XO)J. 3aHSITHSI
YtJl1TeJIb pa3)J.aeT pa 60TbI WKOJIbHI1KOB, 113rOTOBJIeHrHble lIa
npe)J.LI,n:YIlI,eM 3aH5ITHIf, )J.eMoHcTplfpyeT np aBHJIbHO BbInOJIHeHlJbIe
)J.eTaJIIf, 06paIlI,aer BHI1MaHlfe yqaIlI,HXC5I Ha He)J.OCTaT If.
llIKOJIbHIfKU npo)J.omKalOT pa60TY no 113r01'OBJIe1HJIO ,n:eTaJIcH
nO)J.CTaBKI1 )J.JI5I Il.BeTOB. Ha )J.OCKe BI1CI1T IIHCTpYKIl.HOHHa5I KapTa
113f'OTOBJIeHI15I npH3Ma1'I1QeCKOrO 6pycKa. B TeTpanl1 WKOJIbHI1Ka
I1MeeTC5I tJepTelK 113neJII15I 11 nJIaH pa60TbI. Do Mepe Toro KaK nplI-
nycJ{ Ha 1I3r01'OBJI5IeMbIX )J.eTaJI5jX )J.OCTl1raeT 1-2 MM, ytJaIlI,lfec5l
nO)J.XO)J.5IT K npl1cnOC06JIeHlI5IM, KOTopble YCTaHOBJIeHbI Ha onpe)J.c'
JIelIHbIH pa3Mep, 11 )J.OBOn5IT )J.eTaJII1 )J.O 3a)J.aHlIoro pa3Mepa. 3a-
BepWa5I 113rOTOBJIeHIIe )J.cTaJIeH, nonr01'aBJIIIBalOT ux K c60pKe:
BbIpaBHJlBalOT TOPIl.bI, BbIpe3alOT na3bI, 3atJl1IlI,alOT neT3JIII WKYP-
KOJl, pa3MeQalOT MeCTa KpenJIeHI15I neTaJleH MelK)J.Y COOOH, cBep-
JI5IT oTBepCTII5I 'B MeCTaX coe)J.IfHeHl15I ,n:eTaJIeil wypynaMI1.
,140
141
LI:eMOHC'I'pmpY5I IIpneMbI 3a6IIBaHH5I r B 0 3,l1. e H, YllHTeJIb 06pamil-
eT BHHMaHHe Ha IIpaBHJIa TeXHIfKIf 6e30IIaCHOCTIf. OH IIOKa3bIBaeT;
llTO B M5Ir.KHe IIOpO)J.bI )J.peBeCHHbI fB03,n:H MO)j{HO 3a6HBaTb O)J.HHM-
)J.BYl\HI CHJIbHbIMIf y,n:apaMH MOJIOTKa. B ,lI.eTaJlH 1f3 TBep)J.OH IIOpO,n:bI
n:peBeCHHbI rB03,n:H, llT06bI OHH He corHYJIIfCb, UYlKHO nOCbIJIaTb He-
CHJlhHbIMH, TOllHbIMIf y,n:apaMIf.
ill Y P Y II bI 6bIBalOT Tpex BIf)J.OB, C nOTaHHOH, nOJIYIIOTaHHOH H
KpyrJIOH rOJIOBKOH. YllHTeJIb 06nHCH5IeT IIpaBHJIa nO)J.60pa CBepJI
,n:JlH IIpe)J.B pIfTeJIbHOrO CBepJIeHIfH OTBepCTIfH no)J. WYPYIIbI. B IIplf-
KpeIIJI5IeMOH )J.eTaJIH CBepJIHT OTBepCTIHI, paBHbIe )J.HaMeTpy wYPyna,
a B MaTepHaJle, K KOTOPOMY rrplfKpenmIeTC5I )J.eTaJIb, CBepJI5IT 01'-
BepCTII5I )J.HaMeTpOM Ha 1-2 MM Mellbwe. (nOIIYTHO YllHTeJIb
HaIIOMHHaeT 3HattCIIlfe ,CJIOBa )J.11 a MeT p.)
YllHTeJIb )J.eMOHCTpH:pyeT npllCMLI 3aB'I1I1lJHBaHIf51 wypynoB 06bIll-
HOH If MeXaHHlJeCIWH OTIJepTK3MI1. nOKa3bIBaeT If 06n5l>OlI5Ier IIpIfH-
Lom pa60TbI MeXaIll1 1 leCKOH OTBepTKH, KOTOpa51 n03BOJI5IeT 060HTHCb
6e3 BpalIl.eHH5I HHCTpYMeHTa pyKOH, a Tpe6yeT JIIfWb HalKHMa Ha py-
KOHTKY c.Bepxy. KpoMe Toro, OH )J.eMOHcTpHpyeT 3aBlfHIJIIBaHHe wy.
pyrroB rrpH nOMOlIl.1f KOJIOBOpOTa, )J.peJIH. (B IIaTpOH KOJIOBapOTa HJIIf
)J.peJIH BCTaBJI5IIOT CIIeII.HaJlbHYIO OTBepTKY, KOTOpylO MOlKHO C)J.eJIaTb
1I3 qaCTH CBepJIa HJIH pa3BepTKH.)
1J.aJIee YlJaIll.I1MCH )J.eMOHcTpHpyIOTC5I Fl3,n:eJIHH, rrOKpblTble BO)J.HbI-
MH KpaCI1TeJlHMH 11 JlaKaMH. BbHI'ClHHeTC5I, lJTO H3)J.eJIH5I H3 ,n:peBeCIfHbI
nOKpbIB3IOT KpaCI1Tc.'IHMH 11 JUl!(3MI1 lie TOJlhl<O J1.JlH Toro, IIT06bI H3-
)J.eJlHe CTa. O 50.nee !(P,\CIIDbIM, IIO H J1.JIH Toro, 'lTOO!oI rrpeJtox'paHIITb
ero nOIJCpXHOCTb OT B03,l1.eikTBHfI BHCWHI1X YCJIOBHH, BJIarlf, II bIJI If ,
rp5I3H 11 )J.p.
LI:JI5I OKpaCKH H3)J.eJIIfH H3 J1.pCBeCHIIbl B YCJl.oBIIHX IIIKaJIbHbIX Mac-
TeplCKHX )")J.06HO Ilpl1MeHHTb BO')J.HbIe KpaCI1TP.l1l1, It/IH paOOTLI C KOTO-
pbIMH ,He TpeoyeTc5I CIIeII.HaJlbHO OTBe)J.eHHbIX M('CT BbITHlKHbIX
YCTPOllCTB. BOl1iHbIe KpaCHTeJIf! MOlKHO IIpHfOTOBHTb' 1I3 IJ;BeTHOH
rywH, KpaCHTeJleH )J.Jl51 TKaHeH, KOTopbIe pa3BO)J.HT B' Te.nJIOH BOJI.e.
OHH XopOWO H pOBHO OKpaWI1BalOT )J.peBeCHHY, )J.alOT 51PKHH, COlJHbIH
II.BeT.
B HaCTOHlIl.ee BpeM5I Wl1pOKOe pacrrpOCTpaHeHHe IIOJlYlJIi.13
OKpaCKa npe)J.MeTOB B )J.Ba-TpH II.BeTa, B oc06eHHOCTH IIpe,n:MeTOB
)J.eKopaTHBHO-OtPOp MHTeJlbCKOrO Ha3Ha lJeHH5I.
HaH60JIee TH'rrl1lJHbIe COlJeTaHHH:
1. B )J.Ba II.BeTa: lJepHbIH - lKeJlTbIH, lJepHbIH - 6eJIbIH, Kpac-
HblH - 6eJIbIH, KipaCHbIH -CHHHH, CHHHH - 6eJIbIH..
2. B TPH II.BeTa: KpacHbIH - 6eJlbIH - CHHHH, lKeJlTLIH - 6eJlbIH-
llepHbIH, 6eJlbIH - CHHHfI - llep'H'>IH.
B npaKTHKe Ylle6HbI.X Ma.cTepCKHX MOlKeT BCTpeTHTbcH He06xo-
,lI.!I OCTh CHalJaJIa oKpa.CHTh )J.eTaJIIf, a 3aTeM c06paTb npe)J.MeT. Ta-
KOI1 nOp5l)J.oK n03BOJl5leT IIOJlylJHTb xopowo oKpaweHHble nOBepx-
HOCTH. O)J.HaKo oKpacKa neKoTopbIX IIpe,ll.MeTOB MOlKeT 6bITb
BbIIIO.'1HeHa JIIfWb nOCJIe C60pKII. 3Ta nOJIOlKeHlfe CJIe)J.yeT YlJeCTb B
nJlaHe pa60TbI no c60p'Ke npe,n:.MeTa.
nOCJle 06n5lCHeHI1H (If ,n:eMoHCTpaII.HH) WKOJlbHIfKIf HalJl1HalOT
c60pKY H3)J.e.'I If 51, 3alJHIlI.alOT IIoBepxHocTb 1f3)J.eJlIf51 WJIHtP0BaJIbHbIMH
IllKypKaM'1f (K,pynH03epHlfcToH If MeJ'IK03epHHcToH), OKpaWI1BalOT
BO,ll.HbIMIf KpaCHTeJI5IMH, IIoKpbIBalOT I1X elIl.e ClllfpTOBbIM HJIH MaCJIH-
HbIM JIaKOM (Ha cJIe)J.ylOlIl.Hx 3aH5ITHHX HJIIf nOCJle ypOKOB). YlJHTeJlb
Ha6JlIa)J.aeT 3a pa60ToH, )J.eJIa51 no xO)J.Y ee He06xo,ll.HMbIe pa3n5lCHe-
HI151.
no OKOHlJaHlf1f pa60TbI WKOJIbHHKIf J1;OJllKHbI npoBepHTb npaBHJIb-
HO' Tb 1f3rOTOBJIeHIf51 H3J1;eJIH5I, IIO,ll.IIHcaTb tPaMHJlHIO, KJIac.c (c 06p aT o
. HOIf CTOpOHbI) II npe)J.n5llBHTb ,lI.JI5I IIpOBepKIf YlJIfTeJIIO.
BonpocbI:
1. I( KaKoMY THIIY coeAHHeHHll (pa3'beMHOMY HJlH Ht:pa3'beMHOMY) OTHOCHTCII
coeAHHeHH5I Ha rB03, HX, llIypynax?
2. 3a CqeT qero 06eCne'lHBaeTC5I npO'lHOCTb CO€AHHeHHH Ha rB03A5IX, llIypynax?
3. ITOqeMY HeJ1b3H 3a611BaTb rB03AII 6J1H3KO K KpalO AeTaJlH?
4. l(aKoBo Ha3Ha'!t'IIHe nOKpblTlI1I nOBepxHocTH 113AeJlHH H3 ApeBecHHbI BOAHbI-
NJI KpaCHTeJl5lMII, JlaKaMII, KpacKaMH?
3AH5ITHE 9
KOHCTPYHPOBAIIHE nJIAHlUETA
ITJlaH 3aH5ITH5I
VQe6Haa 3a)(aqa
06'beKT Tpy)(a
Co)(ep}J{alili
npliMeqalilie
Pa3BHTHe
H lIaBblKOB
pYHpOBaHH5I
MeTOB
YMeHHII ITJ1aHllIeT AJI5I
KOHCT- BeAeHH5I 3anH-
npeA' cell H BbIllOJIIIe-
HHH PflCYUKOB H
1IepTe)KCii B yc.
JIOIJII5IX lliKOJIb.
HblX MaCTepCKHX
1. BalliHOCTb TeXHH1Ie-
CKoro 3aJJ,allll51 )l.JI5I C03Aa-
HII5I II 3 JJ,CJIfIII
2. COCTal3JleHHe (KOJ1-
J1eKTIII3Hoe) 3aAaHII5I Ha
113rOTOBJIellile 113AeJJII5I
3. Pa3pa6oTKa KOHCT-
PYK!J.IIII npeAMeTa, orrpe,JJ,e-
JleHlle pa3MepoB, nOA60p
MaTepHaJIa
4. COCTaBJ1eHHe nJ1alla
paooT!>! (KOJ1J1eKTIII3I!OC)
5. UbIllOJ1J1eHHe qepTe')I{8
npeJJ,McTa
XO)J. 3aUSITHSI
Ha IIpe)J.bI)J.YlIl.I1X 3aH5ITIf5l.X IIO KOHCTpYHpOBaHIfIO WKOJII>HHKIf
II03HaIWMHJIHCb C npHHII.HrraMH KOHCTpYlfpOBallHH 113JI.eJlHH, C co-
,lI.eplKaHl1eM pa60TbI KOHCTpYKTopa, C XO)J.OM pa60TbI no C03,l1.aHHIO
1f3,n:eJIIfH aT SaMbICJIa ,n:o rOTOBOH npo)J.YKII.lfH.
142
143
QT06bI B,Ce nJIaHlIICTbI 6bIJI'II CTaH)].apl'HblMll). HaqllHae1'C5I BbI5ICHe-
R!Ie .n;OCTOIIHCTB K!OHC'I\pYKll.!I!I C TeM, qT06bI rrpll Heo,6xo;IJ.IIMOCTU 06-
paTH'Tb BH!IMaH!Ie Ha ee He)].OCTaTK!I II 'HanpaBuTb B,H!IMaHHe IIIKOJIb-
HHKO,B IRa 1iX yCTpaHeHHe. Harrp!IMep, OCTaHOBIIMC5I Ha BapHaHTe III.
EbIJIO rrpe)].JIa)KeHa 113raTaBIITb
rrJIaHilleT H3 TOJICTaiI tPaHepbI,
rrp!IKpenJIeHIIal! ,K cTaiIKe rBa3-
)].51M!I. YqllTe.rIb a6palII.aeT BH!I-
MaH!Ie Ha HecaBepIIIeHcTBa Ta-
Kal'a peilieHII5I KperrJIeHU5I II rrpa-
r C!IT KJIaCC rra)].YMaTb Ha.1I. peIIIe-
H!IeM 60JIee rrpOqHara KpenJle-
H1l5l. Ha BMeCTe C TeM aH a6pa-
III.aeT BHUMaHlle Ha y)].aqHae pe-
IIIeHlle crraca6a KpenneHU5I
rr.1JaHiliera B BepCTaKe (CTaHKa
ero 3a)K!IMaeTC5I B 3a)KHMHaM
y3JI,e BepCTaKa, KpaMe Taro,
nJIaHIIIeT Ma}I\IIO' ycraIlaBHTb lIa
JIlOOYIO y Jwon YIO JVIH III Ka.'lbIlII-
101 IIblcory). Y'laLl I1eCSI II Pl'iJ.JI a-
ralOT IICCI,(Mhl<O naplJaIITaa
KpenJleIlIl5l. CODMCCTIIblMH YCII-
.rI1l5lMH aT6HpaeTC5I HaH6aJlce
rrp!IeMJIeMblf[ BapllaHT, a HMClllla
YC!IJIeH!Ie CT()HKI1 6aKaBblMlt
6pYCKaM!I, KaTopbIe KpenHTCH
Ha KJIelO !I rBa3J{51X.
Bbl6paB a6pa3ell., HalJHHalOT
pa60TY rra anpeJI,eJIeHIlIO era
pa3 lepaB. B nepBYIO alJepeJJ.b
YlJIITbIBaeTC5I TpeTUH nYHKT Tpe-
6aBaH!IH K ca3J)'.aIlIlIO rrJIaHIIIeTa:
Ha 31\aM 3a'H5IT!I!I yq!ITe.rrb Ma)KCT 6aJIee nOJJ.ip06HO OCTaHaB!ITb'C5I
Ha 3HalJ(jHIIH TeXIH!Iq e CRaI'O 3 a)]. a H!I 51 )]..'151 ca3)].aHIl51 113)].e-
JIHiL HeKOTopbIe Kpa'I'K!Ie CBeJ]:eHHH 6bIJI!I y)Ke COa6lII.eHbI IIIKaJIbH!I-
KaM, Tenepb npeJ]:C1\OIIT CtPOpMllpOBaTb y HUX rraH5ITlle a TeXHIIqeCKOM
aaJI,aH!II:I, a era 3HalJeHIIH J];JI5I Ca3JI,aH!I5I HaBblX H3JI,eJIHH KaK B yCJIa-
Bll5lX IIIKaJlI>HbIX MaCTepCKHX, TaK H Ha npaH3BaJliCT'Be.
YqHTeJIb JI,eMOH'CTpllp'yeT 113JI,e.1Jlle, CKo,HCTpyllpOBaHH'oe H H3ro-
TaDJI'etIHaa B Y'CJlaBIIHX IIIKaJIbHaH 'MaCTe1pCKaH, B npOH3BO')].,CTBCHHbIX
YC,'lOBH5IX, )].aeT KpaTKIIH aHafIH3 xaJI,a pa6aTbI rra ca3)].aHIlIO 3THX
npeJI,MeTa-B, -BbIlJJleHHeT a6III.YIO 3aKOHaMepHOCTb !IX C03)].aHIl5l, a
IIIMeHHa:
1. TeXHIIlJeCKO'e 3a)].aHlle Ha KOIICTpY!IpaBaHHe npe)].MeTa.
2. 3'l'KH3bl II PU'OYIIKH (-.aC 1\113 H a H J{aKyMe HTa 1l.1l5l).
3. Ma..'!,C!IH, MaKer,,!.
4. 4epTe)KU, YTO'llleHllble B npall.eoce H3raTaBJIeHH5I MaKera, MD-
f(eJIll. .
5. rOTaBae !I3)].eJl'lle.
Ba3BpaIII.aHCb K TeXHHlJe'l'KaMY 3a)].3'HlllO, yqllTeJIb no)].qepKIlBaeT
era Ba)KHOl'Tb JI,.'lH l'03JI,aHIl51 .1J106ora HaBara npeJI,Mera, 6Y)].b aH rrpo-
crblM !IJIll l'JlO)KHbIM. C naMalII.blO YlJaIII.IIXC5I YTalJH5IeT'l'5I paJIb TeX-
HHlJel'Kara 3aJI,aH!I5I )].JIH pa6aTbl KOHCTpYKTopa.
lliK,aJlhHHI(U 3HaKaM5I1\l'5I C IIa3BaIlHeM TarO npeJI,MCTa, 1<OT'opbIii
6YJ1.eT IIJI'OTClI3.1JHBaThC5I lIa J{aIlIlOM J:11I5ITIIII, l'OCTall.HllaT TeXHIJIle-
CKae 3aJI,aIllle lIa er,o I13rOTODJlCIIIIe. IIYCTb no 6YJ eT, HanplIMep,
aJ{HH 113 3JleMellTaI1 o6aPYJ ()lIaIlIIH MII,cTepcl<o?'I, II I1!\I('I1Iia rIJlaHilleT
)].JlH Bbm .1I1CHII5I 3anIll'eil II plICyIll\OD B YCJIOIIIIHX IIIKOJlbHaH Ma-
CTepcKaH. npe)KJ e Bcero Y'lI1TeJlb IIpeJVlaraeT IUKa.1bIlHKaM rrn)].y-
MaTb, KaK ,aHH -npeJI,CTaBJlHIOT l'e6e 3T'aT IIpeJ MeT B rOTa,BaM BI1JI,e,
KaK npeJI,na.1araIOT Hl'naJ1b3aBaTb era. BbIHCIl51C1'CH, lITO nJlaHlUeT
rrpeJI,CTaBJlHeTCH HM paBHbIM, JliOCTal'alJ'Ha 6a.'lbIIIHM )]..151 Tara, I1Ta6bl
Ha HeM MarJlll pa3Mel'THTbC5I a6e PYKH rrp!I rIl1l'bMe, Y)].06I1bIM JI,Jl5I
BblTIaJ1HeHHH lJepTe)KeH II T. )]..
YlJI1TeJ1b rrllilleT Ha )].aCKe 1'pe60Ba'HIl5I K ca3)].aHIlIO rIJlaHilleTa:
1) pa'BHa5I naBepXI-IOCTb, 2) IIIHpaKa5I rraBepxHacTb, 3) y)].a6e1i AJl5I
BeJI,eH1l5I 3arI'il'CeH, 4) I1JIOT'HOe Kperr.1JeHlle B 3a)KIIMHaM ycrpaHl'T'Be
BepCTaKa.
lliKaJIbHHKll pa6aTiilOT Ha)]. Ca3JI,aHHeM rrJIaHIIIeTa c yqeTaM 3T!IX
Tpe6o.BaHHH. npll3HalO11l'5I rolI"HbIMI1 !( 113raTOBJleHllIO TOJIhKa Te KOH-
CTPYKll.!Ill, KOTapbIe a1'BelJalOT YKa3aHHblM T'pe6aBaHII5IM. nocJIe TorO'
Ka'K IIIKaJIbHIIKIl llClJepnalOT CBOIl B03Ma)KHa,CTIl rra Ca3JI,aHHIO lIaBblX
KOHCTPYKll.IIH, HalJIIHae1\C5I aHaJII13 n,pe)].CTaB.'leHHbIX H3)].eJIHH C YlJe-
TaM OtPOpMy.'lHpOBa'HHbIX paHee Tpe6o-BaIlHH. .
113 HeClKaJlbKIIX BapHaHT'OB flJIaHIIIeTOB, rrpe)].Jla)KeHHbIX III KaJlb-
I1I1KaM!I (pill'. 52), aT6Hp alO'l1C5I .'lYlllIIlle KOHCTPYKll.III1 (B )].aHHOM
CJlYlJae HY)KHO BbI6paTb O)J.HiH Ha!fOa,JIee y.n;aqHO peIIIeHHblH o6pa3ell..
144
PHC. 52. 06pa3IJ.b1 nJlaHllIeTOB, npeAJtoMeHllb\e IlIKOJlbHHKaMH.
to. 3aKa3 2374.
115
Y)l;06CTBO .lI.JHI nlICbMa. YqHTeJlIO Ha3bIBalOTCH HeKOTOpbIe pa3Mepbl
HarrpH Mep 500, 700, 800 MM. f10Jle3-HO yca,n:HTb yqeHfIKa K CTOJlY
H rrpe,n:JIO)KHTb HanHcaTb HeCKOJIbKO CJIOB. OCTaHOBHB yt.JeHHKa BO
BpeM5I pa60TbI, JIHHeHKOH H3MepHTb paCCT05IIIHe 01' JIOKT51 ,n:0 JIOK-
1'51. 31'0, 6y eT 500-550 MM. TaKHM 06pa30M DbI5ICHHTC5I, qTO ,n:JI5I
HOpMaJIbHOH pa60TbI rro BbIITOJlHeHHIO 3arrHcei:i IlIKOJIbHHKY rrOTpe-
6yeTcH ,n:JIJ.IH3 nJIaHIlIeTa B rrpe,n:eJIax 600 MM; TaK )!{e onpe,n:eJIHeT-
CH IlIHpIIHa, yroJI HaKJIOHa H T. n. 3aBepIlIHB pa60TY no orrpe,n:eJIe-
HIO pa3MepoB, yqHTeJIb lIaHOCHT HX Ha qepTe)!{ H npe)l;JIaraer
yqalll.HMC51 BbiITOJIHHTb qepTe)K HJIH TeXHHqeCKHH PHCYHOK H rro,n:y.
MaT Ha)l; rrJI3HOM rrpe,n:cTOHllI.eIi pa60TbI rro H3rOTOBJIeHHIO H3,n:eJIHfl.
no O.ll;06paB MaTepHaJI ,n:JIH H3rOTOBJleHI1H nJI3HIlIeTa, IlIKOJIbHHKH
)l;nHCbIB3IOT 3a rOTOBKH, YKJI a,n:blBalOT HX B OrreUHaJIbHO orBe,n:eH-
HOM ,n:JIH.xpaHeIlI1H MeCTe H npc,n:'bHDJIHIOT yqHTeJIIO qepTe)K I1J1H TeX-
HHqeOKHH PHCYHOK, a TaK)Ke nJI aH rrpe,n:cTOHllI.eH -pa 60Tbl.
BonpocbI:
XOJl. 3aHSITHR
YQe611aH S3J\3Qa
06'beKT tpYJ\a I
CO)(ep>K31111,
npliMeqallHe
YqeHHKaM V KJlaOCa Y)Ke npHIlIJIOCb paOOTaTb C TeXHOJlOrHqeCKH-
MH npKcrroc06JIeHHHMI1: CTYCJIOM ,n:JIH rrOrrepeqHOrO rrl1JIeHHH ,n:peBe-
CHHbI, ,n:OHueM - )l;JIH TOPUOBKH, HarrpaBJIHlOllI.HMH - ,n:JIH cTpOraHI1H
,n:peBeCHHbI. O,n:H3KO OrrbIT rrOKa3blBaeT, qTO, eCJIH BpeMH OT BpeMeHH
He HKCKpOBaTb BHHMaHHH Ha rrpeHMYllI.eCTBe HCnOJIb30BaHHH HX B
pa60Te, IlIKOJIbHI1KH HaqHHaIOT He)l;OOUeHHB3Tb HX. A Be,n:b C no-
MOIll.bIO 3JIeMeHTapHbIx npHcrroco6JIeHHH MO)!{HO ,n:OCTaTOqHO xopo-
IUO rrpOHJIJIIOCrpHpoBaTb TaKHe Ha rrepBblx rropax MaJIOrrOHHTHble
Tep :vII1HbI, Ka K rrOBbIIlIeHHe Ka qeCTBa H3rOTOBJIHeMbIX H3,n:eJI11 H, no-
BbIIlIelIHe rrpoH3Bo,n:HTeJIbHOCTH TpYJJ,a (cHH)KeHHe 3aTpaT Tpy,n:a J{
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HHK HO)!{OBKOH Haql1HaeT rrl1JIeHl1e. KaK npaBHJIO, eMY He cpa3Y
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C Me.HbIlIHMH 3aTpaTaMH l'py.u.a. Pa60'4He XOp'OIlIO 3TO rrOHH'MaIOT H
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2. KaKlle TpeOQBallllH K C03AaHHIO AaHlloro 113AeJIIIH lIaH60JIee BaMHbIe? ITo-
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JIell 111 KOJJbII oi'r Ma- 60TKH .n:peBeCI1I!bI
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146
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HO'BbIX CTaHKOB, 6e3 pa'CIllHpeHH5I Il.eXOB, 3a CqeT BHe,n:peHH5I npncno-
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raHHH.
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3AH5ITI1E 11
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c60pl<oii II OTlte,1Koi"1 Be} CIIIISI 3aUIICCII YC.'10 II 1111 X UIKOJlJ,II(Ji'J Ma-
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PYI1bl, JlaK, KpacKa.
PAEOTA C METAJIJIOM
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crroc06HOCTeH.
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148
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Te ylJaIllHeCH, 'KOTopbIe no 3a;!.aHIIIO, nO,'1Yl.JeHHOMY oRa npOIlIJlOM
3aH5ITHlI, c;!.eJIaJIII TeXHHl.JeCJ<!lIe plICyHKII 1I3,/I,eJIII H, npeIl.'bHBJlHIOT IIX.
Dpeno)].aBaTeJIb, BbI6paB HeKOTopbIe 1I3 BHX, npHC'I'ynaeT K 06cYIK-
;!.eHIIIO pa60T. Ha,-!IIHaIOT, KaK 06bIl.JHO, C Tpe60BaHHI1, npe)].'b5IBJIHe-
MbIX K Kop06,Ke H3 IKeCTH. He T i pe6yeTcH I\IHOI'O BpeMeHII, 4T,06w
160
ill. 3aKas 2374.
161
npnihH K CJIe;I.YIOlIJ,eMY e;I.HHOMY nOH5I'TH10. ¥I3;I.eJIHe ;I.OJI}!{,HO 6b1Tb:
1) YXIi06HbIM 13 rrOJlb30BaHHH; 2) ;I.nCTa'I'OqHO MIHHHaTlOpHbIM, qT'06bl
XpaHHTb'C5I B llIKa<PY HJIH B CTOJIe 5IlIJ,HKa; 3) rrpoCTbIM'I1O YCTPOHCTBY
H 13 H3rOTOBJIeH!1!1; 4) 3CTe'I'Hqe0KH rapMOH!1lJHbJM 13 C,O'qeTaHHH ;I.JlH-
HbI, llHIp'HHbI H BbIC'OTbI (HampHMep, B03'M,0}!{HO TaK,oe ;I.OCTaTOqHO
y;I.aqHOe COO'I'HOUIeHHe npOrrOplI.HH: ,n:JIHH a = 1, UIHpHHa = 2/3 Ii BbI-
COTa = 1/5 ;I.JlHHbl).
DocJ1e 3Toro no 3TanaM, y}!{e 3HaKOMbIM yqaIll;HMCH (CM. 3a-
H5ITHe 2), YCTaHaBJIHBalOT pa3MepbI Kop06KH, KOTOpbIMH onpe,n:emI-
IOTOI ee <popMa H BHeUIHHH BH,n: (pHC. 55).
3<p<peK'T'HbJ'M MerO;IjHqeCKHM npHeM,oM 3;I.eCb HBJIHerC5I HonO.11b30-
BaHHe yqHTeJle<M 13 XO;I.e 06'bHOHeIlHH MOil1:eJIH HaTypaJIbH'Or-o o6pa3-
lI.a - YBeJ1HqeHIIOH 13 pa3Me'pax pa360plIoH Kopo6KH, C;I.eJIa'HHOH H3
KapToHa. TaKaH MOIleJlb Ill' TOJlhKO Y;I.06Ha 13 0603peHHH Ha paccToH-
HHH, HO H ;I.aeT B03MO)K,HOCTb B00C03Il3Tb iii npoll.eoce ,n:eMoHcTp a ll.H H
, pa3BepTKY npe,n:MeTa. 3TO OqeHb Ba}!{IlO, TaK KaK 1l0MOraeT yqe-
HHKaM YHOHHTb H C'8513aTb Me}!{.l1.Y C060H qepTe}!{ lpa3BepTK1H C qepTe-
)ROM H3;I.eJlHH H CO';I.eHIC1'ByeT nOHH M aHHIO nOCJIe;I:O'B aTeJIbHOCTH
C60PKH Kopo6KH (c1'H6aHHe CTeHOK H 60pTH OB).
COOTBeTCTBeHHO 3TOMY H3JI'0}!{eHHe rpa<pHqeCKOrO MaTepHaJIa
HaqHHalOT C pa00MOTpeHHH q'epTe}!{a H3;I.eJIHH. BBH;I.Y HeCJIO}!{HOCTH
o6lIJ,eI'0 BHJI.a 'Kop06KH qepTe}!{ ee 13 Tpex npOeKlI.HH,x JIyqUIe c,n:eJIaTb
Ha ;I.OCKe 13 XO.EI.e caMoro 06'bHCHCHHH (CM. pHC. 55). Y-qalll.Hec5I BCJ1eIl
33 yqHTeJleM rrCpC'Il'p'lI!BaIOT e,ro B TCTpaJlIl 13 MaCWTa6e M 1 : 2.
BCnOJIb3Y51 TeTpa.l].b B KJleTKY, pdhl'l'a JlerKO CllpaBJIHIOTCSI
C nOCTpOe\llH M KOIITypa npeJlMeTa. TpY.l1.Hee HM ,n:aeTCH npa-
D
a
BHJIbHOe HaHeceHHe BbIHOC-
HbIX H pa3MepHbIx JIHHHH, a
TaK}!{e,' 0<popMJIeHHe cTpe-
JIOK rrOCJIe;I.HHx. YqHTeJ110
Ha 31'0 CJIe;I.yeT 06paTHTb
ocoooe BHHMaHHe.
Y6e,n:HBUIHcb 13 npoll.ec-
oe ,n:eMoHCTpall.HH Mo,n:eJIH,
tIro yqeHHKH nOHHJIH, KaK "
H3 pa3BepTKH nOJ1yqaeTCH
Kop06Ka, yqHTeJ1b npHcTY-
naeT K BbIqep1JHBaHHIO pa3-
BepTKH Ha ;I.OCKe (pHC. 56).
4epTe}!{ ee peKOMeH;I.yeTcH
BblITOJIHHTb n03TanHO, qTO-
ObI yqeHIIKII, CJleJ],Y51 3a
yq!1reJleM, lJepTHJIH pa3-
BepTKY 13 HaTypaJIbHYIO Be-
JIHqnHY, BO y}!{e He 13 TCTpaIl5lX, a lIa oT,n:eJ1bllhIX J1HCTaX nJIoT!luii
6YMam.
BbInOJIHeHI1C ncpRblx II('pTl')/(c(i IHI H3;I.e,1HH H3 MeTCIJIJlCI, Ii B oco-
6eHHOCTH TaKor,o THna, I<aK pa3BcprKa, O!tVI.yeT npOBo,n:HTb C nO'A-
P06HbiM 06'bHCHeHHeM, KacaHCb Bcex rpa<pHtIeCKHX ,OC06elI!WCTeii era.
BHaqaJle Ha ;I.OCKe nOKa3bIBaIOT, KaK rrpOBeCTH JlllHHIO, oTcTyrrlH,B
OT BepXHero KpaH JIHCTa 6YMarH Ha 15-20 J1tM, H KaK Ha HeH OTJI'O-
:>RH'Tb ;I.JIHHY O;I.HOH H3 n.p0.l1.0JlbHbIX CTOpOH 003;I.aBaeMOI'0 npHMo-
yrOJlbHHKa. DOTOM H3 KOHIJ,OB ee C nOMOlIJ,blO yrOJIl>H!1Ka rrpoBo,n:HT
B'HH3 ;I.Be JIHHHH (n'epneH.l1.HKYJIHpHO K OCHO'BHOH) H Ha HHX OTKJla-
,n:bIBalOT ;I.JIHHY MeHbUIeH CTOpOHbI. Me)K;I.y .l1.BYMH TOqKaMH, rroJly-
qeHHbIMH Ha HH}!{HHX OKOHqaHH5IX 60KOBbiX J1I1HHH, npoBo,n:HT BTOPYIO
rrpoJ],OJlbHYIO J1HHH.1O - H np5lMoyrOJlbHHK rOTOB.
Ha pa3BepTKY HaHOC5IT pa3MepbI: 230 MM - 'Ha HH*HeH npoJ],OJlb-
HOH cTopoHe H 180 MM - lJa npaBoH rrOrrepeqHOH ,cTopoHe. KOHTpOJlII"
PY!OT BblITOJIHCHHe 3TOft IJaCTH qepTe}!{a y pe651T. 3aT'eM, HaqHHa51 C
JIeSOH BepxHeii qaCTH npHMoyrOJIbHHKa; 130 Bcex yrJIax c03J],aBaer.wH
pa3BepTKH Bbl l [cl)!II1!1al<1T I<naIlpaTbI co CTOpOHOH, paB'HoH.40 il-tM, H
KOHlI.eBbIe 0'I'rH6b1 HCI nonCpCI!!lbIX (MaJIbIx) CTeJHKax 6y,n:ylIJ,eH MO.l1.'e-
JIll Kopo6KH. O,n:HoBpeMeHHo Ha.nOCH't- pa3MepbI Ha BepxHeii qaC'TH
qepTe)/(a H p a3MepbI, xa paKTep H3YIOlIJ,He ornH6bI 60pTOiB. 3a K3'1!qH-
BalOT qepre}!{ pa3HepTKH Ha ;I.OC'K'e (H nepeqepqH.BaJ!He ero Y'lC'HHKa-
MH) HaHeceHHeM T:OHKIIX JIHHHH -- )'ICJIO'B'HOI'O H306pa)/(eHHH MeeT
OCH6aHII5I TeHOK H KpOMOK Op06KH IT BWCT BJIeIlHeM -oCTaJIbHWX
pa3MepOB, KaK 3TO nOKa3aHO Ha qepT,e}!{e.
B XO;I.e BbITIOJlHeHH5I yqalIJ,HMHCH 3'I'OH pa60TbI Heo,6xo,n:HMO KOH-
TpOJIHpOBatb ee, HaXO;I.HTb THnHlJHbI,e OUIH6KH, 0 KO'I'O'pbIX rOBopH-
JIOCb BbIUIe, H pa3'bHCHHTb, KaK HcrrpaBHTb HeTOlJHQCTH.
..-_.__. _..
c::. <:)
c::.
....
c::.
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""
30
150
30
3
230
PRC. 56. Pa3BepTKa Kopo6KH.
c::.
c::.
....
ISO
PHC, 55. Kopo6Ka R ee 'IepTeM B Tpex npoeKUHHX.
162
11*
163
Y4etiHaH 3auqa
Oti'beKT Tpyn 3 I
COn e p>K3HHe
npHMe4aHHe
BpaK Ha rrpOli3BO)].CTBC - 5IBJICHlie HCTcprrliMoe. aHa BC)].CT K
rropqe MaTCplia,'IOB, HarrpaCHOH 3arpaTe pa60l.Jcro BpCMCHH, K 6cc-
li.CJIbHOll pa60TC CTaHKOB li T. ,n:. BpaK HC rr03BOJI5ICT ,n:aTb rrpo)].yKli.lilO
BblOOKOro Kal.JeCTBa.
nCpC)].OBbIC KOJIJIeKTliBbI, 6plira)].bI KOMMyHUC'I'lil.JCCKOro Tpy)].a
pa60TalOT 6e3 6paKa.
B 1967 ro)].y B COBeTcKoM COlO3C 6bIJI BBc)].eH Ha rrpo)].YKli.lilO aT.
JIlil.Jt\Oro Kal.JeCTBa rocy)].apCTBCHHbIH 3HaK Kal.JCCTBa. H3)].eJIli5I li.e-
JIoro,':p5I)].a rrpc)].rrpli5ITliH HalIIeH PO)].HHbI Tcrrcpb YiKC OTMel.JCHbI
3THM 3HaKOM Kal.JeCTBa (rrOJIC3HO rrpliBCCTli OT)].CJIbHblC rrpliMCpb!
lI3 )].e5ITCJlbHOCTH MeCTHbIX rrpe)].rrpli5ITliH).
Yl.JliTCJIb rOBopliT Yl.JalII.HM'C5I, l.JTO pa60TbI B V KJIaCCe 6Y)].YT He
TOJIbKO 60JICC CJIOiKHbIMli, HO H l.JTO K liX Kal.JeC'J1BY CTaHYT rrlpe)].'b5IB-
'JI5ITI>C5I rrOBbIlIIeHHbIC Tpe6QBaHH5I. 0.H rrpOBO)].liT rrapaJ1JICJIb C rrpOU3-
BO)]:CTBOM, r)].c Kal.JeCTBy BbIlIYCKaeMOH rrpo)].YKli.liH y)].CJI5Ie'I1C5I Ol.JCHb
60JIblIIOC BHliMaHHe. BbiCOKOC Kal.JCC'I'BO H3,n:CJIHH ralpaHTlipycT y)].JIH-
HCHnc cpOKa CJIY)K6bi liX, Kpa.CliBYlO OT)].eJIKy H T. )].. Pa60l.JHC rrpc)].-
rrpm:ITliH COPCBHYlO'J1C5I MC)K)].y C060H He TOJIbKO 3a rrcpeBbIlIOJIHeHliC
f'ocy)].apCTBCHHbIX rrJI3'HOB, HO H 3a TO, l.JT06bI ,n:aTb CTpaHC 60JIblIIe
npO,l(YKIJ;liH OTJIH!II!OI'O Ki1'J(\CT1Ba.
4110 IIil)].O CJ\CJIilTb, 'IroC'ibI lie C'ibIJ10 C'ipal\a? llano IIJI.-YM'IHBO li
cepbc3IIo OTilOClIThC5I K TPYJ\Y, aKKyparllo Ii TeXIIII'leCKli rpaMoTHo
BblIlOJIH5ITb pa60l.Jl1c orrerpali.lIlI.
npC)K)].e l.JeM rrepeHTli K BblIlOJIHeHHlO pa3MeTKli 3arOTOBKH Kop06-
Kli Ha MCTaJIJIC, He06xo)].liMO Yl.JaIli.liMC5I pa3'b5ICHHTb rrOp5I)].oK rrpo-
BC)];CHli5I IIO)].I'OTOBliTC,'IbiHbIX P a 60T.
1. CBCpHTb BblIlOJIHeHHbIH l.JCpTCiK pa3BcpTKH C l.JepTe)KOM Ha
,B,OCKC, l.JT06bI y)].OCTOHCpliTbC5I B. rrp aBliJIbHOCTH cro H HaHcceHl1H B,cex
Tpc6YCMblX p a.3MepoB.
2. H3MCIpliTb 3arO<TOBKY H y6C)].liTbC5I B ee COOTBCTCTBliH pa3Me-
paM 11-0 l.JCpTC)KY C Yl.JeTOM rrplirrYCI\OB, T. e. B HaJIlil.JHH li3JIlilIIKa MC-
TaJIJIa, rro)].JIC)KalII.cro y)].a,'ICHHIO.
3. aCMOTpCTb 3aroToBKY li yCTaHoBliTb cc rrpliro)]JHD-CTb (OT<CYT-
CTBliC TpCIII:liiH, H a)].JIO MOB, liCKpHBJIeHliH). 3arOTOBKY Ol.JHC'J1HTb aT
3arp5I3HCHl15I, BbHIpar!llTb, YCTpaHl1Tb 3aycCHli.bI.
4. np013CpllTh IICllpa13110CTb pa3MeTOl.JHOrO l1HcTpyM€HTa.
n pli rrp aBKC JIHCTOBOro MCTaJIJI a 06p a III: a lOT HHH MaHHe Ha TO, tJ'J10
01' y;J.apO'B MOJIOTKa MeTaJIJI, oc06eIlHO M5IfKliH, BbIT5IrHBaCTC5I. nO'3-
TOM y rrp If BbIIlp 5IMJIeHlili JI HCTO Boro MeTaJIJIa HeJI b35I rr pOli3BO)].liTb
y)].apbI rro BbIrrYKJIbIM MCCTaM. PeKOMCH)].YCTC5I rrocTyrraTb TaK'
KJI3CTb JIliCT MeTaJIJIa Ha rrJIliTY 11 Kli5IHKOH HaHOCliTb JICrKHe y.n:apbI
0T'Kpa5I K BbIrrYl.JH<He (pliC. 57).
ncpe,n: p a 3 M C TKO H rrpc.n:JIaralOT Yl.JaIII:HMC5I Ha CrrCli.HaJIbHO
p03)].aHHbIX rrOJIOCKaX )KCC'I'li HaHeCTIi rro HCCIWJIbKO JIHHHH C rro-
MOlII.blO JIliHCH«li li l.JeprHJIKH. )].0 6 I1BalO:J\C5I, l.JT06b1 rrpli BbIIlOJIHCItHl1
TaKaI'D TpCHl1pOBOl.JHOro yrrpa?KHCHli5I OHli rrpaBliJIbHO nOJIb30BaJIl1C
165
3aKOHl.JliB tJepTeiK, Yl.JaIII:HCC Bblpc3alOT 6YMaiKHYlO pa3BcpTKY
H, crH6a5I, rrOJIYl.JalOT Mo)].e,'Ib Kop06K1H. 3TliM yrrpa)KHCHlieM 3aBep-
rnaerC5I rrO,LLr0'I10HKa K pa60Tc Ha MCTaJIJIC.
BonpocbI:
1. KaKoBo Ha3HatJ€'HHe pa3BepTlm? ""
2. B KaKOH nOCJlellOBaTeJlbHOCTH HaAO crH6aTb MOAeJlb Kop06KH H3 pa3BepTKII?
3. .z:iJlH tJero BbIlJO,1HHJlaCb npeABapHTeJlbHali pa60Ta ,c 6YMaMHoH MOAeJlblO
Kop06KH?
3 A H 51T HE 4
nJ10CKOCTHASI PA3METKA HA METAJ1J1E
nJlaH saHHTHH
03H8KOMJleHHe Kop06Ka 6e3
YtJall\I1XCH c n.lO- KpbJIlI KH
CKOCTIIOii pa3MeT-
KOi'r lIa MeTa,l.le
1. Pa3MeTKa - OAHa H3
OCHOBHblX CJleCapIlbJX one-
pau,Hi'r
2. BbJIIOJlHell'He nJloc-
KOCTIIOi'r pa3MeTKH lIa Me-
T ;1.1J1C
Olio P y )1, 0 111111 II r: pn3M('TollllblA II pa(jo\IHA HHcTpyMellT HHJJ.HBHAyaJlb.
Horo II()JJb30Ballllll; 3arOTOBKa 113 lliCeTH.
Y tJ e 6 II bl e n 0 co 6 H 51: 06pa3eu., tJcpTeMH H MOAeJlb Kop06KH.
Xo)]. 3aHSlTH1I
a6'b5ICHliB li.eJIb 3aH5ITli5I, Yl.JliTCJIb BO BB'O,lI)HOM liHCTpYKTaiKe
oc060 rrO;J.l.JepKliBaeT Ba)KHYlO pOJIb pa3 l MC'TKli,TaK Ka'K MaJICllrna5I
OlIIli6Ka rrpH BbIIl0,1HCHl1li 3TOH orrCpali.Hli B )].aJIbHCHrnCM rrpH 06pa-
60TKC 3arOTOBKli MOiKCT rrpliBeCl1li K HapyrnC'HHIO pa3McpoB H3;J.eJIH5I
()].CT3,'IH) li, C,'IC;J.O'BaTCJIbHO, K 6paKY.
3)].CCb CJIe)].yeT pa3'b5ICHliTb Yl.JCHHKaM CMbfCJI CJIOHa «6paK» H
paccKa3aTb a Mepax Cf'O rrpc)].yrrpe)K,n:eHH5I. B p a K OM rrpHH5I'TO Ha-
3bIBaTb H3)].eJIHe (;J.<CTaJIb), H3rOTOBJ'IeHHOC HCrrpaBHJIbHO, T. C. C Ha-
pyrncHlicM Tpc60BaHliH tJcpTCiKa. Hc6 1 f!C)KHOCTb, HeBIIIIM<lTC,'IbHOCTb
B pa60Te rrplt BbIIlO,'IHeHiliH pa3M'C'N{}I, 06pa6oTI<e )].eTaJiH HJIH c60p-
Ke H3)].CJIH5I MO)KCT rrpi1BeCTH K TOMY, l.JTO ;J.eTaJIb li H3)I,CJIliC He OY;J.YT
OTBCl.JaTb reM Tpc60BaHH5I 1, IWTopbIe K HHM rrp C;J.'b5IBJI 51 lO 'I'C 51.
Pa3,'Ilil.JalOT )].Ba Bli)].a 6paKa: HcrrpaB'HMbIH --,-- TOT, KOTOpbIH MOiK-
HO YCTpaHHTb, li HeHorrpaBiHMbIll, T. C. TaKOH, r)].e .1J:0rrYlII.CiHHbIC 01IIli6-
KH, HarrpHMep B pa3Mcpax, HCJIb35I Hc'rrpaBliTb )].orrOJIHHTC,'IbHOH pa-
50TOH (Yl.JalII.HMC5I rrpHBO)].5IT IJpliMepbI 113 rnKOJIbHOH rrpaKTHKli).
164
lJepTlIJIKOH (pIiC. 58). JIIiHIi!O Ha MeraJIJIe cJle,nyer rrpoBo,nllrb O,nllH
pa3, O,nHlIM ,n:BlI)!{eHlIeM lJepTlIJIKlI. ,
BTOpbIM YIJe6HbIM yrrpa)!{HeHlIeM HBJI5Ie'I1CH HaHeceHlIe KepHepoM
,nByx TOlJeK Ha paccToHHlIlI 100-150 .M.M OAHa OT ,npyroH 11 coe,n:HHe-
Hile IlX rrpHMoH JIIlHHeH. B xo,n:e BbIIIOJIHeHIlH 3a,n:aHHH He06xo,nIlMO
rrpOCJIe,nHTb 3a reM, IJr06bI KpOMKa JIHHeHKIl BIlJIOTHylO rro,n:XOJI.IlJIa
K 0603HaQeHHbIM rOIJKaM.
ECJIIl B xo,n:e rrpOBepOq'HOH pa60TbI BbIHBlll'CH He06xo,n:IlMOCTb
rrOBl'OpeHHH ee, TO JIyqwe IlpH6erHYTb K IlOCTpoeHHIO rrpSiMoyrOJIbHH-
Ka, r.u.e, IlOMHMO Ha3BaHHoro pa3MeTO l IHoro IlHCTpyMeHTa, rrpllMeHH-
IOT elI c II yrOJIUHHK.
JIHWb IWCJIC Taro KaK yqHTCJIb y,!I;O'CTOBepIlJICSI B rro,nroTOBJIeIl-
Ho.cril yqalIl,llXCH K BbIIlOJIHeHll1O orrepali.IlH (B pa3MeTIKe no HMeeT
OlJe'Hb Ba)!{HOe 3HaqeHlle), MO)!{HO HalJllHarb pa60TY Ha 3arOTOBKe.
MeTo,n II opraHll3ali.IlH pa60TbI y)!{e orrpe,n:eJIHJIIlCb Ha rrpe.u.bI.u.YlIl,eM
3aHHTIlIl, Kor,n:a pe6HTa BbIqepqll'BaJIH pa3BepTKy Ha 6Y;Mare. TaKoH
)!{e rrOCJIc,noBaTeJIUHOCTIl He06xOJI;HMO npll;J.ep)!{HBaTbCH H Ha Me-
raJIJIe.
Bo BpeMH BbIIIOJIHeHHH 3TOI'O 3a,n:aHHH, ,n:ocTaTOqHO rrpo;J.oJI)!{Il-
TeJIbHoro BO BpcMeHH, Ba)!{HO rrpOCJIe,n:lITb He TOJIbKO 3a TOqHOCTblO
H rrpaBIlJIbHOCTbIO pa60TbI, HO II 3a TeM, qTo6bI yqalII.llecSi rrOJIHOCTblO
saBepWIlJIH ee.
KaK rrOKa3bIBaeT rrpaK11HKa, Ha rrp'OBe,n:eHHe BB,o,n:Ho,ro l'IHCTpYKTa-
ma H orrHcaHHbIX rrp aKTllqeCKHX p a 60T 3 aTp alJllBaeTCSI OKOJIO rrOJIY-
Topa YIJe6HbIX qaCOB. B OCTaBwe,eCH ,n:o KOHli.a 33HHTilSI BpeMSI rrOKa-
3bIBalOT II 06'bHCHHIOT, KaK rrOJIb30BaTbCSI PYIJHbIMIl HO)!{'HHli.aMH, KaK
HX 3aKperrJIHTb B TIlCKax.
BonpocbI:
1. KSKHe TpeooBaliHII HaAO cOOJ1JOAaTb npH nOJJb30BSHHH qepTHJIKoA?
2. KSK pa3MeqaeTCR npRMoyroJlbHHK (KBaApaT)?
3. KaK OTKJIaAblBaKiTCIi oTpe3KH Ha 3aAaHHoH JIHHHH?
PHC. 57. npaBKa TOHKoro JIHCTOBOro
MeT aJlJl a.
166
3AH5ITI1E 5
H3roTOBJIEHHE KOP06KH H3 )KECTH
nJlaH 3aHRTHR
YQe6HaH 3aJI.aQa
06"beKT TpYlla
Co:\epJKaH He
npHMeQaHHe
Pa3BHTHe nero KopooKa
BOHallaJ1b!!bIX YMC' 6e3 KpbllllKH
HHH YlIalllfIxcR
no 06pa60TKc
MeCTH. I1crrOJJb30-
BaflHe H3rOTOBJJell-
Horo YlleHHKaMH
H3AeJJHH B u,eJIHX
rrOCTaHOBKH HOBOi!:
TBop'lecKoH 3aAallif
1. OOIllHe cBeAeHHH 0 I npeAycMoT-
pa3pe3aHlfH H crn6aHHH peTb MOJICH<jJ_a.
JlHCTOBOro MeTaJJJJ a U,HH KOpOOKH
2. Bblpe3aIlHe pa3BepT'
KH H3JJ:eJJHH
3. Cm6aflHe H OTOOp-
TOBKa 3arOTOBKH
4. AHaJ1H3 B03MOMHOCTIf
MOAHcpHKau,H,n Kop06KH B'
u,eJJHX . C03JJ:aHHH Ha ee
KO!!CTPY!(TlI!J!lOH oc!!o!}e
MCTilJIJJlJ1ICCl\oA TeJJC)KRH'
PHC. 58. nOJIo)J{eHHe PYK
np" pa3MeTKe.
000 PYA 0 13 a II H e: pa6o ' lilll IIIICTPYMCIIT IIIIJlIlI3l111yaJJh!!OrO nOJII,:lOR8Hffll:
sarOTOB!(a 113 lliCCT!!.
Y 1I e 0 II bI e II 0 C 0 6 H 51: 06pa3ell" qepTeMH H MOAeJJb Kopo6 K.
Xo,n: 3aHSITUSI
B HaqaJIe' YPOKa HaIlOMIlHaIOT rrpHeMbI pa3pe3aHHH JIIlCTOBOro
MeTaJIJIa H Tpe60BaHHH TeXHIlKH 6e30IlaCHoCTH Ilpll pa60Te a
PYIJHbIMH HO)!{HHli.aMIl. npH ;J.e:MoHCTpali.HIl pa60Tbi HO)!{HHli.aMIl, KI).-
TopbIe 3aKpCIlJIeHbI B TIlCKax, rrOKa3blBalOT yqeHIlKaM, IJTO IlO;J.BH)f{.
HYIO PYIJKY CJIe,n:yeT CJIerKa OTTHrH'BaTb Ha ce6H. 3TO .u.aeT B03MO)f{.
HOCTb rrOJlYIJHTb IJHCTbIH pa3pe3 -- 6e3 BMHTHHbI Ha MeraJIJIe H Kpyrr.
HbIX 3aycCHli.eB. nOTOM KpaTKro pacoKa3bIBaIOT 06 YCTpoHcTBe
HO)!{HIlli..
YIJaW:HM,cH 061)H,CHHIOT <p1l3HIJe.cKYIO CYW:HOCTb rrpoli.ecca pe3arHHSI,
YKa3bIBaH, lITO pa3J (,JICIIHe )!{eCTIl HJIIl KpOBeJIbHOii CTaJIIl Ha OT.u.eJIt.;
HbIe IJaCTIl ,n:ocrHraCTCH 3a ClICT CIleli.llaJiIiHO IlpH.u.aH:HOH pa60IJeH
IJa.'CTH HOLKHHli. <pOpMbI KJIIlIIa. OO,n:06I1YIO <POPMY HMelOT TOIlOp, JIea.
BHe HO)!{a, 3y6bH rrHJIbI, pa60 l IHC llaCTH CTaMeCKH H ,n:OJIOTa, KpOMKa
CBepJIa II MHorlle .lLpyrne IlHCTpYMeHTl>I, C KOTOpbIMIl ew:e Ilpll,n:C'frCSi
BC'J1peTHTbCH, pa60TaH B M3CTepCKOH.
Pa3pe3aH'Ile MeTaJIJIa HJIH rrHJIeHlle H CTporaHHe ,n:peBeCIlHbI Boa.
MO)!{HO JIIlWb B TOM CJIYIJae, Kor;J.a IlHCTpYMeHT, KOTOpblM Mbl rrOJIb'"
3yeMcH, TBep)!{e 06pa6aTbIBaeMoro MaTCpllaJIa.
nperro,n:aBaTeJIb YIlOMIlHaeT 06 HCIlOJIb30BaHilif B HO)!{HIlli.a pbU
IJara, C 110MOlII.bIO KOToporo ,n:OCTHraerCH YBeJIlllJeHHe CIlJIbI PYK BO
BpeMH BbIrrOJlHeHHSI pa60TbI.
167
B Tpe6yeMoA nOCnenOBaTenb-
HOCTI!. )].nH noro CHa'la.'!a
no nIIHIIHM BHeUIHero KOHTY-
pa BbIpe3alOT OCHOBHOH npH-
MoyronbHIIK pa3BepTKlI KO-
P06KII, nOTOM --, yrnoBbIe
npHMoyronbHIIKII II M an Ie
KBanpaTIIKII B yrnax MeHb-
IlIIIX 60KOBbIX CTOpOH. B 3d-
KnlOqeHlIe nen alOT cpe3bI yr-
nOB B KpOMKax 60KOBbIX
CTeHOK, npe,1I!Ha3HaIIeHHbIX
nnH OTrlI6aHlIH nplI C60pKC
(CM. 3aHHTlIe 3, plIC. 56).
H3BecTHaH TpynHocTb onepa 1I1I COCTOIIT B cpe3e yrnoB KOH ea
OKOHqa HIIH 60KOBbIX CTeHOK. 3necb noJIb30Ba HlIe HO/KHII a MIl, 3(:-
KpenneHH bIMII B THCKa x, nnH pe6HT 3aTpy nHIITenbHO. Y cnellIllee
OHII cnpaBHTCH C aaBepIlIeHlIeM 3anaHIIH, IIcnonb3YH HO/KHII bI
ManbIX pa3MepOB, HanplIMep MenIILLHI'ICKlIe, nplIMellHCMble nnH
pa3pe3aHlIH rlInCOBblX II0BH3'0K. J],JIH noro lIOTpCOYCTCH BCCtO He-
C'KOJIbKO rClKIIX !lO/KlllIn. Y'IIITbll\U5I. 'ITa BblpC3<llllIC pa::mcpTKII yqe-
IIHKII 3ClK<llflIIIBiIIOT IIC OJlIIOBpl'MCIlIIO. IlOCJ(('JlIlHM 3r<lliOM H3rOTOf!-
JIClflIH H3.llCnllH H£3JISICT'CH C r II 6 a fI H e CTCflOK H KpOMOK 1\0pOOKH.
YqeHIIKlI npo1l3BOnHT YKa3aHHYlO onepa lIIo lIa Cne HaJIhllOi1 oIlpaB-
Ke B TOH nocnenOBaTenbHocTII, KaK 3TO nOKa3aHO Ha pllCYHKe 61.
Ba3MO/KeH II npyroA cnoc06 cr1l6aH'IIH 3arOTOBKH - B ry6Kax
THCKOB. O.llHaKO B 31'aM cnYIIae H3MCHlI1'CH napH.lI:OK cr1l6aHlIH CT,eHOK
06pa6aTblBaeMoro fI3nenIIH: BHaIIane Ha,n:o rHYTb 60KoBble peHKlI,
a nOTOM npOnonbHbIe, T. e. B cpaBHeHlIlI C npllBeL!.eHHbIM PIICYHKOM
(nJIH anpaBKII)- B 06paTHoM nopH,n:Ke.
o T 6 0 P TO B K a, KOTopaH Cne.LLyeT 3a crlI6aHlIeM CTeHOK Kop06-
K'lI; HBnHeTCH 60nee CnO/KHOH onepalI.HeA, H OT KalJeCTBa BbITIOJIHeHIIH
ee BO MHorOM 3aBHCHT BHeIlIHIIH BIlL!. H3neJIHH, ero KpaCOTa II
onpHTiHOCTb. )].eno B TOM, qTO B npaKTIIKe HepenKO HMeHHO 1I3-'3a
HenpaBHnbHO npOBenClilwA OT60pTOBKH BepXHeH IIaCTH CTeHOK
cpe3 Kop06KlI nonY1laeTCH HepOBHbIM, BOJ1HHCTbIM. 113L!.enHe OT
noro 3plITCJlbIlO npOHrpbIBaeT. 4T06bI H36e/Kan non06Horo, He-
06XOnHMO llepBhlH nail cm6aHlIH KpOMOK (non 90°) BblnonHHTb B
3a/KHMHOM npHcnoc06ne!IIIH (B ry6Kax TlICKOB) C 06H3aTenbH0H
non6HBKOH MeCTa cm6a KHHHKOA. 3aBepIlIaeTcH oT60pToBKa Ha
o n p a B K e.
B n3HHOM cnyqae nnH npenOnaBa1'enH Ha ypoKe C03.LLaeTCSi. ynaq.
HaH nenarorllIIeCKaH cUTyalI.lIH, qT06bI KpaTK'o II lIarnHnHO 3aTpo-
Hyn TeMY 06 3CTel'lIIIeCKOM BKyce, K01'OpbIH, pa3YMeeTcH, Ha.LLG CH-
creMaTHIIeCKH H HaCl'eHIIHBO pa3B.lIBaTb y pe6sIT B Tpyne.
TBopIIecTBo, B rOM 'IRcne 11 nP.lIcYlll,ee pa60q,eMY npolI.eccy, nuo
OBoeH npHpOne 3CTeTHqHO. DYCTb Kopo60'l'Ka H3'/KeCTlI - npOC1'OII,
/(OHmpO/lbHQR /lUHUn
I
I
I <:)
I
i
10
100
Pac. 59. P a3MeTKa llieCTH.
)].anee 3HaKOMHT YIIeHHK'0B C pa3nlIIIHbIMil BlInaMIl HO/KHII no
MeTanny: 06bl'IHblMH PYIIHhIMH 1I0/KHHua.MH, PY'I!lbIMlI pWIa/K'HbIMl!
II MCX31If!lfCCKHMII 1I01l{lIl1ll:JMH, KOl'OpblC I1pIlMl'IIHIOTCH B npoH3BOn-
CTBClIlIblX YCJIOBIIHX. MCX,llllfl(('CKIIC 1I01l\IIIIll.bl, o6Ulce HaK'0MCTBO
C KOTOpblMH nOJIYlfeHo B IV 1{,1aCCe, npe.LLCTaBnHlOT ca60l! nOCT TOq-
HO MOllOlblC MaIlIHHbI, C nOMOlll,blO KOTOpbIX pa3pe3alOT nlICTOBOII Me-
TaJIJI 3HalJHTenbHOH TOnlll,HHbI - no 5 .M.M II na/Ke 60nbIlIe. (PaccKa3
06 3TOM /KCllaTenb'HO cOnpOBO.LLIITb nOKa30M cooTBeTc'T'BYlOllI,lIuX 1I.'!-
JllOCTpalI.IIH, 3alIMCTBOBaHHbiX 113 pa3nHIIHbIX YIIe6HbIX nOC061Il!, Ha-
nplIMep 113 KHlIrH B. 11. KOMlIocapOBa «06ll1,lIH KYpC cnecaip,Horo
.u.ena». J1YIIIlIe Bcero PIICY:HKII nOKa3bIBaTb, npOelI.lIpYH IIX Ha 3KpaH
c nOMOlll,blO IIMelOllI,eHCH B IlIKonax npOeKlI.IIOHHOH annapaTypbI.)
DepexonH K npaKTUqeCKOH lJaCTIl ypoKa, none3HO npoBecTH yn-
pa/KHeHlIe no pa3pe3aHlI1O /KeCTII no npHMOH nllHIIII, 3aTeM - no
nepeceIIeHHH nllHlIH. )].nH TaKHX ynpa/KHeHlIH 06bIIIHO IIcn'onb3YlOT
Ky,COlJKH /KeCTII, Ha KOTOpbIX YIIeHHKu YIIlInllcb HaHOCIITb pa3MeTOII-
HbIe JlIIHlIlI, HanpllMep BlIna epe6el-llw, 1I306pa/KeHHOrO Ha pncYH-
Ke 59. DOKa3bIBaH pa3,pe3a'HlIe /KeCTlI, 06palll,alOT BHlIMa,HlIe Ha TO,
KaK npaBlInbHO nep/KaTb 11 nO.LLaBaTb n'lICT, He HaKnOHHH ero B C'I'O-
pOHb!. Dpu 3TOM Y'Ka3bIBa T Ha Tpe6yeMYIO BenHIIHHY pa 'KpblTlI
HO/K'HHlI. - nYlJIlIe 8Ce,1'O HaqllHaTb pe3aTb MeTann Cepe.LLHHOl! HO/Kel!
(pac. 60), TaK KaK npu 6onbIlIoM yrne pacKpbITIIH HO/KHIIll.bI He pe-
)KYT, a BblTanKIIBalOT Me'Tann.
B OTnllqlle OT pa3Me'Tl{1H, npOlI.ecc B bI P e 3 a H II H P a 3 Be p T K It
Kopo6KH He npenC'Ta'BnHer OC060H CnO/KHOCTII, ecnl! ero npOBOnllTb
168
PHC. 60: Pa3pe3aHHe rpe6eHKH
.' HOMHHQaMH.
16!
TaK CKa3aTb, XO OBOH npe MeT,
B IllKOJIbHOH MaCTepCKOH, HO
Be b pe6HTa, npeIK e 'IeM e-
JIaTb ee, pa3 YMbIBaJI!I, IICKaJIH
KpaCIIBYIO <POPMY JlH II3 eJIIIH.
n03TOMY II 6y eT' YMeCTHO no-
Ka3aTb HM cpa3Y ,n:Ba 06pa3ua
KOp060'IKH - B03MOIKHbIe p,e-
3YJIbTaTbI HX pa60TbI: O Hy-
C eJIaHHYIO aKKypaTHO, kpa':H-
BO, PyrylO, Ha060pOT, - He-
6pCIKIIO, HepOBHYIO, nJlOX,O 01'-
60pTDBaHHYIO. 3TOT nCIIXOJIOrH-
'ICCIm Ba)KIIbIH MOMeHT cono-
CTa BJIeIlHH npe,n:MeTOB YC IIJl lIT
3MOUHOHaJlbIIYIO HarpY3KY B03-
eticTBIIH Ha IllKOJIbHHKOB.
npii nO Be eHIIH lITO rOB 3a-
HHTIIH Y'Iall1,IIMCH MorYT 6bITb
3a aHbI nplIBelJ,eHHbIe B KOHUe
ero KOHTpOJIbH e Bonpoc .
3aKOH'IIIB KOHTpOJIbHbIH on-
pOC, Y'IlITeJlb' CBH3bIBaeT II3r0-
TOBJIetIIIOC peOHTaMH H npHHH-
TOC IIM 113 eJl1IC -I<OpOOKY 6C3
KP"IIIIKIi - 'C TBoplleCKOH 3a,n:a-
I 'Id'l, I1aMC'IaeMOH JIH nOCJIe-
YIOI.IJ.IIX 3aHHTHH. CMbICJI ee CO-
CTOHT B CJle YIOllJ.eM. Y'IaIUIIMCH
06'bHCHHIOT, 'ITO Ha 6JlII)!{a IfIIIIIX
. 3aHHTlIHX no TPY y OHH 6Y YT
II3rOTOBJIHTb eTCKYIO HrpYIlIKY,
KOTopaH npe CTaBJlHeT c060H
KOHTypHoro 3aHua-6a pa 6a Hll1,H-
Ka, Y TaHOBJIeHHOrO Ha MeTaJI-
JIHlJeCKOH TeJIeIKKe. npeno aBa-
'" TeJIb eMOHcTplIpyeT BepXHIOIO
'IaCTb urpYiliKH (CM. pHC. 68)
PHC. 61. nOCJJeAOBaTeJlbHOCTb crH6aHHH IIJIH eTaJIH ee - 3aifua H 6a pa-
pa3BepTKil Kop06KH. 6aH. Y 3aii:ua JlaIlbI coe ImeHbI
C TYJlOBIIll1,eM III a pIlUpHO Ii nOTO-
MY no,n:BHIKHble. nO,n:Me'laH 3TY oc06eHHOCTb, Y'IHTeJIb CTaBHT
nepe IllKO'JIbHHKaMII KOHCTPYKTO'pCKYIO 3a,n:al.JY, KaK C eJIaTb IiT-
PYiliKY 3aHu-6apa6aHll1,IIK. CHal.JaJIa paCCMaTplIBalOTCH Tpe6oBa-
I I1H K IIrpYUlKe, 3aTeM nepeXO HT K 06CYIK eHIIIO KOHCTPYKU.HlI.
ECJIH KOPOOKY nepeBepHYTb HOM KBepxy (nOKa3bIBaeT 3TO), TO'
lIa nJIOll1.a,n:Ke ero MOIKHO pa3MeCTHTb 3aHua c 6apa6aHOM, YKpe..
170
nlIB HX cooTBeTcTBYIOllJ.IIM 06pa30M. OCTaeTcH nplI,n:eJIaTb K K;)-
p06 K e OCII C KOJIeCaMH (0 KplIBoIlIHne nOKa He ynoMIIHalOT) - H
nOJIYlllITCH TeJIeIKKa.
!. B nOT MOMeHT CJIe yeT nOCTaBHTb TeX'HH'Ie.c\KYIO 3a a'ly: l.J'I'O IKe
Ha o H3MeHHTb IIJI'H ,n:onOJIHHTb B Kopol'SKe, 'Il'06bI nOJIYl.JHJIaoCb Te-
'JIeIKKa? .II.JIH 06JIerl.JeHIIH ee peIlIeHHH Yl.JeHIIKOB oplIeHTlIpYIOT B
TOM, '1TO OCHOBHoe H3MeHeHHe B Kop06Ke 'OJIIKHO 6bITb 3a cqer
ycTpOHCTBa B HeH oceH C KOJlBca M'II.
Ka,K IKe no C eJIaTb? 06 31'OM npeno aBaTeJIb H npe,n:JlaraeT
Yl.JeHIIKaM no,n:YMaTb OMa. CJIe yeT no,n: epIKaTb Toro, KTO nOIKe-
JIaeT C eJIaTb H3 nJIOTHOH 6YMam MO eJIb TeJIeIKK'H.
Bonpocbl:
1. 4TO 06Il1,ero B HOMHIIQax AJIR 6YMam, TKaHII, MeTaJlJla II B 'IeM pa3JJII-
qHe IIX?
2. KaKHe Tpe60BaHIIR He06xoAHMO C06JJIOAaTb npH pa3pe3aHilil MeTaJJJla HOJ!{-
HHlI,aMH?
3. KaKoB OOpH;:t,OK BbInOJlHeHIIR pa60Tbi npH cm6aHilil KOpOOKHII3 MecTH?
nOKa3aTb opHeMbI crH6aHHR H oT60pTOBKH.
3AH5ITI1E 6
KOHCTPYHPOBAHHE TF.JIE)I(KH
n JI a 11 3 a ,II R T H 51
Yqe6IJaR '3aAaQa. I 06"beKT TpYAa I
-
COAepJKaHHe
npHMeQaHHe
.
KOHCTPYHpOBa- TeJJeMKa JJ:JJH
Hlle TeJJeMKH; co. AeTcKoH IIrpYIll-
BepllleHCTBOBaHlle KII
YMeHHH B BbIllOJJ-
lIeHHIl pa3MeTKil
I. KOHCTPYllpoBaHHe Te-
JleMKH AJJR AeTcKoH Hr-
PYIllKH C BbInOJlHeHHeM co-
OTBeTCTBY!OIlI,HX rpa<jJH'Ie-
CKHX pa60T
2. Pa3MeTKa Ha MeTaJJ-
JJe pa3BepTKH II ooop AJJH
oceH nJJ aT<jJopMbI TeJJeJ!{-
KII
060 PYA 0 B a 1111 e: pa3MeTO'lHblH H pa60'lllH HHCTpYMeHT IIHAIlBIIAyaJlb-!
Hora nOJlb30BaIIIIH; 3arOTOBKH H3 llieCTH.
Y 'I e 6 H hi e no C 0 6 II R: 06pa3eu: H qepTeMH H3AeJJHH.
XOJl. 3aHHTHH
3TH H ,n:pYrHe 3aHHTHH, CBH3aHHble C H3rOTOBJIBHHCM eT'CKOH
HrpyiliKII, BKJIIOl.JaIOT B Ce6H ueJIbIH pH,n: TBOp'leCKHX 3a,n:a'l, K0110pbIe
peilialOTCH nOaTanHO. OpraHH3aUHH H caM npouecc Yl.Je6HO.f0 KO,HCT-
pYlIpOBaHIIH B 06meM OCTalO'l'CH TaKHMII IKe, KaKHMH 6bIJIII nOKa38-
HbI Ha npOiliJIbIX ypoKaX. O,n:HaKO npH pa3pa60TKe KaIK,lI;OrO H3 Y3Jl'OB
HrpYIlIKH (TeJIeIKKH, MeXaHH'IeCKOrO npIIBO,n:a, nepc,n:HeH OCH C KOJIe-'
'111
caMIf If ;I.p.) 6Y;I.YT BCTpelJaTbCH ClBOIf oca6BHHOCTIf, pa3Ji'lflJHbIe nO'
xapaKTepy TBaplJeCKlfe CIfTyaU.lflf.
ITa91\aMY aT;I.eJIbHbIe MaMeHTbI KOHcTpyapaBaHIfH, aHaJIaflflJHble
TeM, qTa y}Ke BCTpelJaJIIfCb B nepBbIX pa6aTax, 6Y;I.YT Bacnp01f3BO-
;I.lIfTb'CH JIIUlib CXeMaTlflJHa If, Ha06apaT, HaBbIe nplieMbI nOCTpaeHIiH
If peIlIeHIiH TBaplJeCKIIX 3a;I.alJ npHBO;I.HTCH B ;I.aCT3TalJHa na;I.p06HaM
Ii 3 Jl OIK-BH If If .
3aHHTlie CJIe;I.yeT HalJliHaTb C paCCMOTpeHIiH npaeKTaD TeJIeiKKH,
nO;I.r01\aBJIe,HHbIX pe6HTaMii ;I.aMa. KaK npaBIiJIa, MHaf'lie 1i3 HIiX,
C;I.eJlaHHbIe C xapaKTepHbIM ;I.JIH ;I.e11CKora pliCYHKa HeCOBepIlIeHCT-
BOM, He llMe!OT HYiKHara TeXHHlJeCKara peIlIeHIiH: ;I.JlH YCTC\HOBKIf
oceu KaJIeC YlJal1I,HeC5I HCnOJlb3YIOT 60pTa TeJIeiKKIi. ITpe;I.YCMOTpeTb
cnell.liaJIbHbIe oIlapbI ;I.JlH aceu - 3aIla ' la ;I.JIH IlHTIiKJla'CCHIiKaB CJIQ.iK-
HaH.
ITa{:Jle Tara KaK YlJemm!1 n03HaKOMlIJIIICb C IlpaeKTaM, aTa6pafI-
HblM YlI:tITeJIE'M B KalJClCTI3e naHOOJ1CC YJlallHaro 06pa3ll.a, aHIf naJIy-
lJHJIH Ba3Ma}!{HOCTb cpaBHHTb era cO' CBOHMH npe;I.JIa}!{eHHHMH If YBH-
;I.eTb T,a, lJTa He y;I.aJIOCb C;I.e.'laTb caMHM.
He OCTaHaBJI'HBaHCb Ha Tpe60BaHHHx K .H3;I.eJI'H!O (9TOT 9Tan KOH-
CTpY'HpoBaHHH YlJHTeJllQ ;I.aCTaTOlJHa 3HaKaM ll3 npaIlIJIbIX pa60T
If IlaTaMY npeJlaCTaBJIHeTCH Ha era YCMaTpeHHe), aCTaHaBllMCH JIIfIlIb
Ha Jlpyrnx HaHOaJIee CYl1I,eCTBeHHbIX MOMeHTax ypaKa.
ITaCJIe Tara KaK anpe;I.eJIeHbI Tpe6aBaHHH K TeJIeiKKe, Hea6xa;I.H-
Ma HaUTH HaH6aJIee paIlJHaHaJlbHbIe ;I.JII1HY H IlIHPHHY nJIal1I,a;I.Kll
TeJIeiKK11. ITpallCXaJlHT 910 TaK.
ITpeIIO;I.,ilJaTCJIb, KaK Ii ua npOUlJ!aM 3;IIH1THIi, naKa3bIBaH pe6H-
TaM qHIrypy 3aiill.a II 6ap(J(><Jn, CT<lBIIT yCJIor3lle: 3aHll. IlaJliKeH ycn-
HaBJlHBaTbCH y caMoro KpaH OJl.lIoro 113 nOIlCpe'I1lb!X oopraB reJIe}!{-
K!1, TaK KaI( JIanbI ero OY;I.eT npHIJOJlHTb B ,n:I3IDKCIIlle aca6aH IleTaJIb,
Ha3bIBaeMaH KpHBOIlIHl1aM, 3HaKaMCTBa C I<OTapblM npe;I.CTalfT BIle-
peJlH. KpHBOIlIHIl HBH1'CH COCTaBHaUlJ3CTb!O OCIi. 5apa6aH, nOHHTHO,
HaJla nOCTaBHTb pH;I:aM C cpHrypou 3aUu.a. .
OTaHOBHTCH HCHa, lJTa ;I.JIH 9THX lJaCTeU HI'pYUIKH Tpe6yeTcH caB-
ceM HeMHara Mena. 4e }!{e B TaKaM CJIYlJae anpe;I.eJIH!OTCH pa3Me-
pbI nJIOl1I,a;I.KH IlJIaTcpopMbl? 5Y;I.eT JIH KpaCHBau IfrpYIlIKa, eCJlH,
OCHaBblBaHCb Ha xapal<Tepe p1l3Mel1I,eHHH cplirypbI 3auu.a If oapa6a-
Ha, CJleJIaTb TeJIeiKKY, CKa}!{eM, KBaJlpaTHOiP
)].aOHBIlIIICb Tara, lJTa YlJeHHKH aCMbICJIHJIIf caMae rJIaBHOe, Te-
JIe}!{KY Ha;I.a Ca3;I.aBaTb C YlJeTaM o611I,eu KaMIla3Hll.HH, COlJeTaHIfH
Bcex 9JleMeHTaB HrpYIlIKH, ytIHTeJIb npe;I.JIaraeT KaiKJlOMY B aT;I.eJIb-
HaCTH anpeJleJiIfTb pa3MepbI IlJIal1I,a;I.KH nJIaTcpapMhl. IT(3)!(e KOJI-
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caTbCH I1JIll rrOJIb30BaTbC51 B rrOBCe.ll.HeBHOH >KH3HI1. K 13Clll.aM, C.lI.e-,
JIaHHbIM '113 MeTaJIJIa, He3aH'I1'CI1M 1 0 01' I1X Ha3HalJeHI151, B paBHoA,
Mepe rrpe.ll.'b51BJIHIOTC51 9CTeTI1lJeCKHe rpe60BaHH51. 3alJeM? OKa3b1.
BaeTCH, KaK y'CTaHOBI1JlI1 yq.eHbI,e, Harrpl1Mep, cpopMa H I IBeT MallllfH
orrpe,n:eJlC'HHbIM 06pa30M BJ1I151IOT Ha I1HTeHCI1BHOCTb Tpy,n:a pa60r-
HHKOB, rrOJl'02KI1TeJlbHO CKa3bIBalOTC51 Ha HaCTpOeHH'11 BO BpeMH
pa60Tbl, a HeKOTopbIe I.(BeTa 6JIaronpH5ITHO a03,n:eH'CTHyIOT Ha 3pe.
190
]91
B CaMOM !{;OHlI.e ypO'Ka npetnO',n:a.saTeJIb 3HaIWMHT YttaII.J.liX'Cfl co
CJIe,n:YlOllI.eH npeJI.CTOSIllI.eii pa6'OToii - .x03SIH'C'I'BeHHbIM COBKOM ,n:JISI
Myoopa. OHH nOJlYlJalO'f Ha ,n:OM 3a,n:aHH,e: nO,I:lYMaTb Ha,n: TeM, KaKOM
IWHCTpYKlI.lf1f H pa3MepOB JIYlJIlIe C,n:eJIaTb TaK:oiI COBOK. flpe,n:Jlara-
e'f1CSI H3rOTOBHTb H3 nJlOTHOH 6YMal'H HJIH MSII'KorO KapTOiHa CKJIa,n:-
nyIO MO,n:eJlb H3,n:eJlIHSI.
210
BonpocbI'
1. KaK CoeAHHS!IOrCH MeM,!I;Y c050ft AepeBHHHbIe H MeTaJlJlHqeCKlle AeTaJiH Hr-
PYIlIK!!?
2. .IJ.JlH 'Icro B HrpYIlIKe npHMellell KpHBoIllHnHO-llIaTYHHbIH MexaHH3M?
3" 4TO TaKoe KOJlell'laTblrl BaJI?
4. KaK coeiJ.IIIIHcTCH OCb C KOJICCOM?
5. 3a ClJeT qero UbiJi YJlY'IIlICIl KOIICTPYKTHBIiO nepBblH BapH3HT' HrPYIlIKH?
C::I
3 A H 51 T 11 E 12
H3rOTOBJIEHHE COBKA C nPHMEHEHHEM nPHcnOC06J1EHHIt
nJiaH 33H!lTHH
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06'1>eKT TpY)l.a
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npHMeqaHlle
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npllMCIIClIl1eM IIP!!-. :l. Olilill\OMJlCIlUe C TCX-
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HOJlOrnqeCKOA KapToA H
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yttalll.HMHCSI ,n:OMa H3 6YMarH H KapTOHa no 3a,n:aHHIO, nDJIYlJeHHOMY
Ha npOIllJIOM 3aHSITHH. flpe,n:JlO)/{e<HHbIe KIOIHcrpYKlI.HH ou:eHHBaIOT1CH
npe)/{,n:'e Bcero C TOlJKH 3peHHSI CP)'lHKU:HOHaJIbiHOI'O Ha3Ha'le,H'HSI npe)];-
MeTa - HCnOJlb30BaHHH ero B X03SIikTBeHHbIX lI.eJIHX. HOCJIe,n:Hee
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192
KDHcrpYK1u m : cpDPMbI H pa3Mepd.s H3,n:eJlIf SI, CelJeHIfH JIHCrOBOro
MeraJIJIa.
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lIalJHHaSI ,01' MaJlOrO 11 KDHttaSI KpynHbIM.
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K:OHCTPYKlI.HSI COBKa (pIfC. 78).
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JIeHHe H3,n:(WHH B BH,n:e reXHOJlorl1lJeCKOH Ka prb! 11 p a3 BepTKH
(pHC. 79), KOT'opbIe 11 OTpa)/{aIOr KOJlJIeKTHBHbIe nOHC!m C03,n:aBae-
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onYIlI.eHbI lJepre)J{H nepexo,n:oB, K01'OpbIe MO)/{HO BcraBIfTb B ,n:eMoH-
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210
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11 CI'HfJallllc KpOMKH 3aAHt'i\
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ce
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15 CBepJlellHe oTBepcTHi\ B 3aA-
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to 15
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265
PRe. 79. 4epTe)K pa3BepTKH Kopnyc8 COBK8.
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195
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196
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COBOH CTaJIH, TOJIll.I.HHOH 1,5-2 MM. PYlJKY MorYT C.lI.e.llaTb meCT}I-
KJIaCCHHKH B rrOpSI.lI.Ke ynpa>KHeHH5I B py6Ke MeTaJIJIa (CM. pH'C. 80).
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KJIeIIKH.
3 A H 51 T 11 E 13
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197
Y1.Jaw.HXCH 3HaKOMHT C oT)J.eJlbHbIMH 06-
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rrpH cooPYJKeHHll MeTaJlJlH1.JeCKHX KOJlOHH,
rrO)J.'beMHbIX Y'CTpoikTB H )J.p. O)J.HaKo, rro)J.-
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TO'II10e H pOBlloe, 4eM npocBep-
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nepeJI, Ha4aJlOM CBepJleHHH
Y1.JaIIJ.HMcH HanOMHHalOT npaBH-
JIa npeJI,OCTOpOlliHOCTH B pa60Te,
COOJllOJI,aeMbIe npH )J.aHHoH CJle-
capHoH onepa HH.
nJlaHHpYH 3aHHTHe, Y1.JHTeJIb rrpHMepHO rrOJIOBHHY BpeMeHH OT-
BOJI,HT HHcTPYKTalliY H pa60Te WKOJlbHHKOB C 33KJIen01.J,HWM coe)J.H-
HeHH€M. B paccK33e 0 IIOBOH onepaQHH OH rOBopHT 0 TOM, 4TO
K JI e urr a H HeM lIa3b1BaCT-CH COl')J.IIIiCIIHC J BYX HJIH IICICKOJIbKHX ;I.e-
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'IeCKHe creplli'lIH IIJIHH)J.pH4CCKOH cpOpMhI C rO.!lORI<(lMII. (LJ:aeT pac-
CMOTpeTb 06p33 bI 3aKJlerrOK c KpyrJloii H nOTaiiIlOH rOJIOBKaMH.)
npH CK.'IenbIB3HHH )J.eTaJlH CHJlbHO C)J.aBJlIlBaI01'CSI, B PC3YJIbT3re
1.Jero MeJKJI,Y HHMH B03HHKaeT TpeHHe, rrperrHTCTBYlOIlI:ee I1X 1333HM-
HOMy C)J.BHry. TaKoe coe)J.llHeHHe HBJlHe1'CH Hepa3'beMHWM.
PIIC. 82. CBepJJeHHe oTBepcTHH B nOJlKe
'COBKa C nOMOUJ:bl& JlepeBHHHoi\ nO}1-
CTaBKH.
198
PHC. 83. 06pa30BaHHe rOJlOBKH 3aKJlenKH,
PHC. 84. CT!!rHBaHlte
CKJlenbIBaeMblX 3.ae-
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199
PHC. 85. 4epTe>K PY'IKH COSK8.
3 A H 5I'F 11 E 14
KOHCTPYHPOBAHHE H PA3PABOTKA TEXHOnOrHH H3rOTOBnEHH
.D.ETCKOrO BEAEPKA
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.
t
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JlOfll'leCKOrO npo-
necca.
L KOHCTpYHpOBaHHe H
'IaCTHt!Hoe COCTaBJlerlHe
TeXIIOJlOrH'IeCKoi\ KapTbi
lIa 1;13rOTOBJJeHHe nen:KO-
ro BeJJ.epKa
2, P a3MeTKa H BbIpe3a-
HHe AeTaJlei'r H3JJ.eJlHH C
npHMeHellHeM B pa60Te
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Horo nOJlb30BaHHH, llIa<5J10Ilbi llJlH pa3MeTKH AeTaJlei\ H3AeJlH!!; 3arOTOBKII 113 llieCT .
Y 'I e 6 H bl e n 0 C 015 H 51: 06paaUbl, tlepTe>KH H TeXIIOJlOrH'IeCKaH KapTR
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i'13ro OB.rJeHHe )J.e cKOrO Be)J.epKa nJ[aHHpye cH Ha lJeTbIpe 3a-
H5ITH5I. B TexHO.rJorHQeCKHH npOlJ.'eoc BK.rJlOlJalO CH TOqelJHa5I 9.rJeK-
TpOCBapKa H naRHHe MeTaJIJIa. C nOMOIIJ.blO ToqeqHOH cBapKH coe)J.H
H5IIOT yWKH H )J.HO C KOpnycOM Be)J.epKa, KOTOpbI,H nOTOM nponaHBaIOT
cHapy)KH no TOplJ.Y.
Ha nepBOM ypOKe yqHTeJIb np'OBO)J:HT C yqaIIJ.HMHC5I KOJIJIeKTHB-
HYlO pa3pa60TKY KOHCTPY'KlJ.HH H 9CTeTHlJeCKO,ro ocpopMJIeHHH H3)J.e-
JIH5I. Pe65ITa )J.O.rJ)KHbI npe)K)J.e caMOCT05ITe.rJbHO onpe)J.eJIHTb 06IIJ.YIO
KOHcpHrypa HlO )J.el'CKOrO Be)J.epKa, ero OCHOBHOH pa3Mep - BbICOTY,
npon.yMaTb, KaK YKpacHTb 9TOT npe)J.MeT.. .
Ben.epKO - npe)J.MeT HeCKOJIbKO He06bIlJHbIH, Tpe6YlOIIJ.IHI YlJeTa
'I'OI'O, lJTO OH npe,.'LHa31Ha'ieH )J.JIH Ma.rJbIweH. 3HaqHT, )J.O.rJ)KHbI 6b!Tb
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, Upe)j{J].e B'cero Y'II-I'Te.rJIO Ha)J.O CCPOPMYJI'HpOBaTb TBop4eCKYlO 3a-
)J.alJY, KOTopaSl H nOJ!.l(IIHIIT ce6e npOBeJ].eHHe Bcero 'I'pY)J.OBoro aa)J.a-
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1. KaK'i1'e 06IIJ.He rpc60BaHHSI )J.O.rJ)j{Hbi 6b1'Tb npe)J.'bHB.rJeHbI K )J.er-
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pa3Mep - iBbICOTY npe)J.MeTa.) ,
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M aHHoe.
4, EC.rJH eCTb He06x 1 0.llHMOCTb, C)J.e.rJaTb H3 ,nJIOTHOH 6YMarH MO-
)J.,e.rJb Be)J.epKa.
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CKaeT'CSl no HH)KHei'I 'IaCTH COBKa H CO('jUIIISlI'TCSl C HHM .Il,BYMSl 3a-
KJIenKaMH. Ee H3rOTOBJI5IlOT yqaIIJ.HeCH VI KJlaCca.
fipH nO)J.Ben.eHHH 'I1TOI'O'B pa60TbI B nepBYlO 01Jepe)J.b Ha)J.O npo-
B pHTb, KaK pe65ITa nOH5IJIH H yCBOHJIH npaKTH4eCKH HOBblH BHn. pa-
6OTb! - 3aK.rJen04Hoe coe)J.H'HeHHe. LJ:JI5I onpoca, B 4HC.rJe )J.pyrHX
BonpocoB, MO)KHO BKJIlOqHTb YKa3aHHbIe HH)Ke.
Bonpocw:
L 4ro npeACTaB"'1Her C0150H 3aKJlenOqHOe coe,n:HHeHHe It KaKo a ero 06J1aCTb
npHMeHeHHH B TeXHIiKe?
2. B '1eM COCTOHT npou<:!cc KJlerraHHH JlHCTOBOro MeTaJlJla?
3. KaKHe HHcTpYMeHTbI npHMeHlllOr npll KJlenaHuu?
4. Ha30BHTe OCHOBHbIe rrpaBfwa 6e30nacHoH pa60TbI npH KJlenaHHH,
5. TIoKaMHTe rrpHeMbI j)a60Tbl rrpH KJlenaHHH.
6. TIoKaMHTe npl1eMbl CBep.1JeHI1H B nOJlKe COBKa C HCnOJlb30BaHHeM npHcno-
C06J1eHHII.
201
5. Ka1KHMH 9JleMe l HTalplHbIMH xy,n:O)Ke'C1'BeHHbIMH cpeJI,CTBaMH
MO)KHO YKpacH'Tb H3,,n:eJl,He?
Dperro,n:aBaTeJIb He JI,OJI)K,e'H H3JI'HUIHe oneKaTb yqeH'HK.oB npH
pa3pa60rKe KOIHcrpYKQlHH H.3.n;eJIH5I. Ka)KJI,bIH YlJeHHK caM'0'CT05lTeJIb_
HO peUIaeT ,rrocraBJIeiHHYlO nepeJI, HHM T'BOplJeCKYlO 3a,n:alJY. DOMOUJ.b
Y 1 IHTeJI5I , rro l1pe6yerc5I rr03)Ke, Kor,n:a 6y,n:yr pernaTI>C5I BorrpOCbI 3aBH-
CHMOCTH JI,HaMerpOB' BepXHero H HH)KHerO cpe30B or BbIcorbI Be-
,n:epKa. 3TH,X nporrOPQHH YlJelHH<KH, pa3YMeeTC5I, He MoryT 3HaTbH
nOJIYlJaT HX B rOTOBO'M ,BH,n:e. YlJelHHKH IHe CMorYT TaK)K,e BbI6paTb
cnoc06bI ,coe)J,'HHeHH5I ,n:eraJIeH npe,n:Mera Me)KJI,Y C060H, rronOMY
TeXHOJIOrH5I, npeJI,YCMaTpHBalOUJ.a51 npHMeHeHHe CBapKM H na5lHHH,
51BJI5Ie'rC5I 33,n:a'HIHOH.
BCJIH npH Oll1Be1'e Ha lnepBbIHBonpoc - COCTaBJIeHHe npoeKTHoro
3a.rr.aHH5I -IY KOrO-JlH60 B03'HHK'HYT 3aTpY)J,'HeHH5I, nperrOJI,aBaTeJIb
,lI:OJI)KeH npe,n:Jl0)j{HTb 1\1 1 0,n:YMaTb HaJI, CJICJI,YIOIIL!IM:KTO 6YJI,er nOJIb-
30BaThC5I BCJI.epKOM, Ka' O'BO ero Ha3'IIa'ICHHe (Kat( cocy,n:a), KaKHM
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JI,ep)KaTb H HOCHTb B IPy,Kax?
B npaK'THKe Tpy.rr.,oBo'ro 06YlJeHHH Ha6JIlO,n:aerC5I nCHXOJIOr'HlJeCKa51
3aKo'HOMepHOlCTb: eCJI'H YlJaUJ.HHC5I B COCT05lHHH Boo6pa)KaeMbIH
npCJI,M'eT C03JI,aTb IB PH'CYHKe, OH 06bIlJHO He HcnbITbIBaeT )KeJIaHH5I
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Mo,n:eJIH Be,lJ;epKa H3 6YMarH lHe 06513aTeJIbHO. TeM He Me,Hee He JIHIlI-
HH M 6y,n:'er 06eanelJHTb YlJeH'HKOB HY)KHOH JI,JI5I nOH QeJIH 6YMarOH,
HOIK'HHQaMH lH JI,"PyrHMH npHIlaJI,J1elKllOCTHMH. B03MO}KllO, KTO-TO H
nOIKeJIaeT HMe'Tb .rr.JI5I npC,ltCr05lULCH pa60rbl HMHTHp,OBa'I1HbIH 06pa-
3e1L. B raKOM CJIY'lae )TlH!T('JI10 CJICJI.Yl'T 1I0COIWTonaTb, KaK coe,n:HHHrb
.rr.eTaJIH ero, npe.rr.JIOIKIIB T'OHKYIO rrpOIlOJIO'I<Y, nJIaCTHJI!1i1I HJIH KJIeH.
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rypaQHH Be,n:epKa, Ha KOTopoe OH Ha.rr.eBaeTC5I C HapY)KHOH lJaCTH H3-
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pbIe YlJHreJIeM rrpe.rr.CTaBJIeHbI ,Ha ypOKe. Dpu nOM YlJHTblBaerC5I
TaK)Ke IHaJIH'lHe HMelOm;erOC5I MarepHaJIa - )KeCTH. 06bIlJHO BbICOTa
npHHHMae'J1C5I paBHoH 120 MM. .LJ.HaMerpbI BepXHero H HH)KHero OCHO-
BaHHH : Be :1I.'epKa onrpe,n:eJI5IlO'J1C5I is 3aBH,CHMOCTH or BbWOTbI ero: D=
= 1,lh H d=0,8h, T. e. COO'J1BerCTBeHHO D= 132 MM H d=96 MM.
B HH)KHeH lJ3'CTH Be,n:epKa, Ha BbICOTe 7 MM OT OCHOBaHH5I. eMy npH-
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R70
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PHC. 86. 4epTeM BeAepKa.
202
3are'M ytIaIIJ.HMCH pa3.llalOr reXHOJIOrH'I,eCKHe Kaprbl, Orpa)KalO-
IIJ.He BeCb npmI.-e.cc H3rOTORJIeHH5I H3,n:eJIHH.
orrepaU:HH .llHaMerp HH)KHerO OCHOBaHHH craHer paBHbIM d=98 MAt
(pHc.86). '
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PHC. 88. 4epTeM YWKa BeAepKa.
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204
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205
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)KaJIO CTaHOBHTICH xpyrrKHM, C 3a3y6pHHaMH. B TaKOM CJIYlJae ero
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212
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HHHaS1 TeMnepaTypa HarpeBa -- 400-450°C. OHH H3rOTOBJIHIDTCS1 C
nHTaHHeM' HH3KOBOJIbTHbIM HanpH./KeHHeM 12--36 8, HB.TIHIOIIJ.HMCH
6e30rra-CHbIM B pa60Te.
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YJI,aJI5IIOT IlIa6epOM, HarrH.'IbHHKOM HJIH HO./KO:vI.
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6Wl B CHJIbHO HarpeTOM COCTOHHHH.
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CJIOE'M IIJ.eTOlJKoH.
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.l1.JISI npOBeJI,eHHSI pa60T, CBS13aHHbIX C rrallKoH MeTaJ1:JIa, B YlJeo-
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3TH MeCTa lI.OJDKHbl HMeTb BbITS1./KHylO neHTH.'IHU,HIO If HH3Koe Haf4)S1-
)KeHHe TOKa --12-368. '
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S,l(aHHIf H pa3BlfTHii 3J1EKTpOCBapKIf MeTaJlJlOB? .
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KHM nplfnoeM. ,
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4. nOKaMHTe npHe bI naRHHH.
213
3 A H 51 THE 17
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H3 )KeCTH, KJpOBe.'IbHOH: CTaJlH H npOBOJIOKH. KaKOBQ HX 06III.cCTBe'llHO
IItOJIe3HOe Ha3iHaqCH!1e?
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>KHTE' HX Ha3HatJeHHe.
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eM H KaKOBbI rrpaBHJla ero BbJlII-OJIHeIjH5I? .
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C JIHCTOBbIM MeT3JIJIOM? KaK,oe 3Ha l IeHHe HMeeT rrpHMeHeHHe llla6JIo-
HOB B rrpOH3BO.ll.CTBC'III1hIX }'ICJlOBH5IX? . (
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H3 Ka'tcCTBO H3,n:eJlfI!P KaKoe 3Ha 1 leHHe rrpH)J.alOT Ha rrpoH3Bo)J.,cTBe
Ka lJeCTBY BbIIIycKa eMOH rrpO,lJ.YKu.HH?
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lIa.'IOCb YtJe6Hoe KOHCTpYHpOlBaHHe Ha rrpOlllc,n:lllHX YPOKax TpYJl.a?
12. C KaKHM MexaHH3MOM Bbi rr03HaKOMHJIHCb rrpH H31'O'fOBJIeHHH
lJ,eTcKOH Hrp-ywKH?
13. Y Ka)I{HTe OCHOBHbIe 11pe60BaHHS1, rrpe)J.'b5IBJl5IeMbie K ocpop MJle-
HHIO 'iepTe)I{a Ha H3)J.eJIHS1 (,lJ.eTaJIH) H3 TOHKOJIHCTOBoro MeTaJIJIa.
14. LITO BaM H3BeC'1'H0 0 c,o)J.ep)Ka,HHH Tpy,n:a CJleCapS1, CB'epJIOB-
III.HKa, CBapIII.HKa H KaNoe MeC110 OH 3aHHMaeT Ha rrpOH3BO)J.CTBe?
IlJIaH saHHTHH
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OTJ(eJIKa H3AeJJHH .lI:eTcKoe Be. I. OKOHqaHHe naflHUHI Ilpo:ZJ;oJIJKeHl1e
II nOABeAeHHe IITO- lI.epKO KOHllqe- BeAepKa. OTAeJIKa II Clta-:3aHHTHii 14, 15
rOB paOOTl>i CKoii <jJOpMbI '1a rOTOBoro U3AeJlHH II 16
2. IlollBeAeHue UTorOB
no reMe «KOHCTpyupOBa-
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nepexO)J.5IT K CJIe,n:Ylou eH oncpau,HH - coe)J.!lIleIHIIO lJ,Y)KKH C Ko'prry-
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npHH5IB H3)J.eJIHe, YIIHTeJIb rrO)J.BO)J.HT HTorH pa60Tb1. JIyqllle rrpo-
BeCTH 3aKJIlOqeHHe B u.eJIOM rro BceH TeMe rrporpaMMbI B rp,opMe 6e.
ce)J.bI, C npHBJIeqeHHeM K HeH Bcex yqaIII.HXC5I. B 6ece)J.e )KeJIaTeJIbHO
KOCHYTbC5I MOMeHTOB, CBS13a,HHbIX C TeXHHQeCKHMH CBe)J.eHH5IMH, Tex-
HOJIOrHeH 06pa60TKH JIHCTOBOro MeTaJIJIa, KOHCTpYHpOBaHHeM.
KaKHe BorrpOCbI rrO)J.06paTb )J.Jl5I TaKoro c06ece)J.OBaHH5I? Kpyr HX
)J.OJI)I{CH He orpaHHQHBaTbC5I KOHCTPYKTOPCK'O-TeXHO.'IOrHlJeCKHM CO-
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Ha30BeM, QTO H B KaKOH rrOCJIe)J.OBaTeJIbHOCTH MO)KHO 3aTpOHYTb
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Ka H3AeJlIIH Ha IlJH- ll1qeCKHe CTOJISlpllble nOBblX COeAH1-leHlli'r
nax KJlell, HX HCnOJIb30Ba- K c6opKe. , C60pKa
IIHe. npaBHJIa C60PKI! III HnOBbIX coeA.IIlle-
111 HnOBbIX coemlHellH!1 HHH C nOMOl.I\bIO
KJleSl. OTAeJIKa H3-
AeJIHH pacTBopaMlI,
BOAHblX KpaCHTe.lei'r
H JIaK,aMH
KOHCTpYllpOBallHe SCKH3. npaBHJIa BbI- AHaJIH3 KOHCTPYK- CTYJIb'lll K
H3AeJIHH, AeTaJIH I{o- no.ll1eHHSI 9CKH3a, ero lI,HH npeAMeTa. nO;:l- AercKllii
TOpblX coeAHlleHblOrJIH'lIIe OT '1epTe)Ka 60p MaTepHaJIOB
KpyrJIbiM IlIHnOM r:oCTaBJIClllle IIJJalia
paOoTbl. BbinOJIHe-
IIl1e !iCK1I38 B TeTp8'
AM
Y13roTOBJIeHHe Ae- Y1ncTPYMeIlTbl H npH' Pa3MeTKa II CTpO-
TaJIeH C KpyrJIblMH cnOC06JIellHH AJIH no. rail He AeT8JIE'il Kpyr-
IlIUnaMIt (HOlliKH) JIY'leHHSI KpyrJlblx AC. JIoro Ce'leHHSI. no-
TaJIefI. TeXIIHKa 6e30' JIY'IeIlHe KpyrJIbiX
naCHOCTH npll pa60Te IlIHnOB C nOMow.blO
C npHcnoc06JIeHileM npHcnoc06J1E'Hl'Iii'
113roTOB.lelllle Jl,e- AHaJIII3 OWH60K pa- Pa3MeTKa II CTpO-
TaJIei'r C KpyrJIhiM 60TbI H nym I1X YCTpa- raHHe AeTaJIeii Kpyr-
Willi OM (npOAOJI)Ke- HeHHH noro Ce'leHml. no-
line pa60Tbl) JI)''1eHHe KpyrJlbIx
Illl1nOB C nOMOl.I\bIO
npHcnoc06JIellHH
113rOTOBJIeHHe Ae- nOJIY'leHHe <jJaHepbl. Pa3MeTKa KOHTY-
TaJIeH H3 <jJallepbI Cnoc06b1 CKJIeIlBaHII!I pOB AeTaJIel\. 06-
(l\pbllllKa II cnHHKa) AeTaJIeH B YCJIOBIISIX pa60TKa 1>aJleRbl
IlIKOJIbHOfr MacTepcKofl HO)KOBKOi'r, py6aH-
H Ha npoH3BoAcTBe. KOM, II:paqeBblM 118-
Oc06ellHOCTH 06pa60T- n IIJIbIlIlKOM, lll.nH-
KH <jJallepbl <jJoBaJIbIlhIMH IJIKYP'
KaMH. CKJIellBallHe
AeTaJleH H3 <jJaHepw
12
5
6
13
7
14
nrollHTp
8
To Me
9
To lKe
3AHSlTl1E
nonYIlEHHEnHJIOMATEPHAJIOB
nJIall 3aH!lTHH
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06"beKT TPVA& I
CO.l\ep)KaliHe
OpHMeq8flHe
0311 aKOMJIeHHe C
saAa'laMH pa60TbI B
MaCTepcKoi'r, C no-
n:Y'leHlleM llHJIOMa-
1. Pa60T8 B
rOAY
, 2. nOJIyqellHe
TepHaJIOB
Y'le6HOM KHHO<jJ H JI b M
npocMaTpHBae T.
nHJIOMa- CH Y'lHTeJIeM lIa-
KaHYHe AeMOHCT-
244
245
YQel5HaH SaUq.
06'beKT TPYJ18 I
COAe p)I{aHHe
Tlpoi)oA:JICeHUe ma(JA.
I < IlpHMeqaHHe
TepHaJlOB H HX KJlac-
CH<jJHKall,l1ei'r. 03!! a.
KOMJlNIHe C HeKOTO'
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83MH n:peBeCHHbI
3. AeMoHcTpaUHH KHHO' pauFIH rnKOJlbflll'
<jJHJlbMa «TIoJlY'IeHHe Jle. RaM. D.JlH L\eMOU-
COMaTepHaJlOB» C'I'paUItH rOTOBHr
4. JI a60paTOpHaI'I pa60' ABa nOCJlellllHX
Ta: «OnpeAeJleHHe nopOAhl <jJparMeHTa, rAe
11 lIeKOTopbIX <jJFl3HKO.Me. rOBopHTCH 0 cop-
XaHH'IeCKHX CBOi'rCTB Ape- TaMeHTe nHJlO-
BeCH!!bI» MalepHaJlOB, 0
5. TIoABeAeJlFle HToron nOJlY'IeHHH lI.PY-
3aHI'!TIIII rrrx MaTepFlaJlOB
a
5
8
e
o 6 0 P Y .n 0 B a H H e: CTeHA «06pa3UbI nopoA ApeBecHlIbi II MaTepFlaJlOB, no-
JlY'IjleMb!X H3 Hee», KIIIIO<jJHJlbM «TIoJlyqeHHe JleCOMaTepHaJlOB», npl160pbI AJlI'! on-
peAeJleHHH TBepAocTFI, ynpyrocTH ApeBecHHbl.
a
<C
)f(
XO)l. 3aHSITHSI
noc.'Ie opraHH3a1l.HOHHOH 'IaCJ:H 3aHHTHH (paCCTaHOBKa rro
pa60'lHM MeCTaM, rrpoBepKa rro crrH,cKY, rrpHrOTOBJJeHHH K Be.n:eHulO
3arr uceH H ,n:p.) Y'IHTeJl b HarrOMHHa er rrp aBH.II a BHYTpeHHero p acrro-
pH.n: Ka B MacrepcKoH U opraHU3a1l.uH pa60'leI'O MeCTa, rropH.n:oK
nO,TJb30BaHH9I UIHcTpYMeHTaMu. OH HarrOMUHaeT, liTO .n:.IIH p360Tbl B
MaCTepCKOH Tpe6yeTcH cneIlo.n:C>KJta - <PapTYK H.lIH Xa.IIaT. K:poMe
Toro, .rr..IIH K3>K.n:oro 3aHHTUH no T'py.rr.y Hc06xo.n:UM3 pa60'laH T'eTpa.n: b
B K.II'eTKy, aBTopYlIK3, KapaH.n:31Il.
IIlKo.JJbHHKH Y3HaIOT, 'ITO B 3TOM Ylle6HOM ro.rr.y 6y.rr.YT H3rOTOB-
.IIHTbCH H3JI.e.IIHH 60.IIee C.lIO/KHbIe (.n:eMOH-CTPHPYIOT H3.n:e.IIHH, BbJIIO.II-
HeHHbIe lIleCTHK.lIaCCHHKaMH B rrpOlIl,TJOM I'o.n:y). nOKa3bJBaH 3TH pa-
60TbJ, YllU'J1e.IIb 06paw.aeT BHUM3HHe Ha TO, Q'J10 B HHX,HMCIOTCH
OOeJI.UHeHHH Ha 1Illmax. lIlHrrOBbIecoe,n:HHeHUH HMelOT TO rrpeHMY-
IlI.eCTBO rro cpaBHeHHIO C coe.n:HHeHHHMH Ha I'B03.n:HX H lIlypynax, '11'0
OHH 60.IIE c rrpO'IHbJ. Ho BbJIIO.IIHHTb UX Tpy.n:Hee: .n:.IIH 3Toro HY>KHO
3HaTb orrpe.n:e.IIelfiIbIe rrpaBH.lIa, YMeTb pa3Me'laTb, 3arrH.lIUBaTb lIlHrrbJ
H rrpOYlIlHHbJ, pa60T3"'fb CTaMeCKOH (H.lIH .n:O.IIOTOM).
Coe.n:U,ReHHe .n:eTa.II,eH H3 .n:peBeCHHbI C rrOMow.blO (uHrrOB lIlHpOKO
npUMeHHe'J1CH B rrpOMbIlIl.lIeHH-OCTH. Y'IUTe.IIb .n:eMOHcTpHpyeT U3JI.e.IIUH,
coe)l.HHeHHbIe c nOMOIll.blO O,lLHorO U.lIH HeCKO.IIbKUX lIlHrrOB, nOKa3bJ-
BaeT, 'ITQ coe.n:HHeHHe O'leHb rrpO'lHOe, HeCMOTpH H3 110, 'ITO B HeM HeT
H-H I'B03.n:eH, HH lIlypyrrOB.
3aTeM Y'IH'J1e.IIb paOCKa3bIBaeT 0 nH.lIOMaTepUa.IIax. lIlKO.IIbHHKH
nOMHHT, 'ITO UX nO.IIY'laIOT H3 CTBO.IIa .n:epeBa. nO.rr.OH.n:H K CTeH.n:y
«nH.lIOMaTepHa.IIbI»), Y1.JHTe.IIb .n:eMOHcTpHpyeT rr.IIaCTuHy, 'IeTBepTHHY,
,n:OCKY, Tec, rOp6bI.lIb H HeKOTOpbJe .rr.pyrue BU.rr.bJ nU.lIOMaTepUa.IIO'B
(puc. 110).
246
Pnc. 110. BHAbI nIlJlOMaTepnaJlOB: a - nJlaCTHHa, 6 - 'IeTBepTHHa,
B - AOCKa 06pe31!3H, it - 6pYCOK C 0630JlOM,
0- Tec, e - 6pYCKH oupe3ilLlc, :JIC - rop6b1J1b.
«A KaK nOJIY'IalOT nU.lIOMaTepUa.IIbl, HaM cero.rr.HH npe.n:CTOHT y3-
HaTb rrpH npOCMOTpe KUHocpU.lIbMa «nO.IIY'IeHHe .IIeCOMaTepUaJJOB)),-
rOBopHT Y'lHTe.IIb. lh06bJ lIlKO.IIbHHKH He BocnpHHHMa.IIH JI.eMOHCTpa-
1I.HIO KUHocpH.lIbMa B 'IHCTO pa3BJIeKaTeJlbHOM rrJIaHe, Y'lUTe,lbHaCTpa-
HBaeT HX H3 aKTUBiHoe Boorr1pHHTHe MaTepHa.IIa cpH.lIbMa, CTaBHT rre-
peJI. HUMH KOHKpeT'HbI,e Borrp.oCbJ, H3 KOTOpbJe OHH ,n:O.II/KHbl 6y.n:yT
.n:aTb OT'BeT rroc.lIe rrpOCMO'J1pa. HarrpHMep, TaKHe: «K:aK rrO.IIY'laIOT
rrI1.IIOMaTepHa.IIbJ? K:aK HcrrO.IIb3YIOT<:H .n:pyrH'e 'IaCTH .rr.epeBa (KpOMe
CTBO.IIa)?» Y'IHTe.IIb 3arrUCblBaeT BOrrpOCbJ Ha ;:J:OCKe, K.pOMe Toro, OR
BblnHCbIBaeT TepMH,HbJ, HeU3BeCTHbJe lIlKO.IIbHHKaM, KOTOpbJe yrroMH-
HalOTCH B .n:HKTOpCKOM TeKCTe.
npH rro.n:Be.n:eHHIJ UTorOB rrpOCMOTpa KUHocpH.lIbMa Y'lHTe.IIb BMecre
CO lIlKO.IIbHHKaMH nOBTopHeT nOC.lIe.n:OBaTe.IIbHOCrb pa60T, He06xo.n:H-
MbIX .n:.IIH rro.IIyqeHUH nU.lIOMaTepUa.IIOB, paCCMaTpHBaeT rrpUrH1I.lfII
.rr.eHCTBUH .IIeCOpaMbI, rrO.IIY'leHHH <.n:OCOK TOHKHX (OT 13 .11.0 35 MM) 1'1
TO.IICTbIX (OT 40 .n:o 100 MM), 6PYCKOB, peeK, rr.IIaHOK.
Pe6HTa .n:O.II/KHbI 3HaTb, 'ITO 3arOTOBKa .rr.peBeCHHbI He06xo.lliHMa
He TO.JlbKO ,n:.IIH HapO.LI:HOI'O X03HHCTBa, HO H .n:JI5I caMoro .IIeea, TaK
KaK .n:epeBbH )KHByT onpe.n:eJIeHHOC KOJJU'IeCTBO .IIeT, noc.IIe 'Iero 3a-
CbIXalOT. n03TOMY .11.epeBO HY)KHO BOBpeMH CrrHJIHTb, TaK KaK 3acox-
lIlce (MepTBoe) .n:epeBO SlB.lISleTCSI pacca.rr.HUKOM HaCeKOMbJX - Bp,e,n:H-
Te.IIeH .IIeca. K:poMe roro, ynaBlIlHe MepTBbJe .n:epeBbSi no,n:MHHaIOT rro.rr.
ce6H MOJIo,n:bIe paCTeHUSI, 3arpOMO)K.rr.aIOT .IIee, .11.e.IIalOT ero Herrpoxo-
.rr.HMbIM.
noc.lIe rro,n:Be.n:eHHSI HTorOB npOCMOTpa KHHocpU.lIbMa Ha'l.HHaeTCSI
JIi160paTOpHaSi pa60Ta.
247
B V KJIaCCe IlIKOJIbHHKH npH npOBe.Zl.eHH'H JIa60paTOp,HOH pa60TbI
3Ha,ROMHJIH,Cb C BHellIHHM BH,n:OM H 1'Bep.Zl.O'cTb!O 3-4 HaH60JTee pa'c-
npocTpaHeHHblx B .ZI.aHH10H MeCTHOCTH rropo.Zl. .ZI.peBeCHHbI, a TaKIKe C
0'6pa3IJ.aMH tlJaHepbI. B VI KJIac,ce 3HaHHH 0 .ZI.peBeCHIHe H ee OBOHCT-
Bax pacllImpH!OTcH H Y.fJIy6JJH!OT'CH. Y'IaI:lJ.HOCH rrO.Zl.p06Hee 3,HaKOMHT-
CH C HeKoTopbIMH tPH3HKo-MeXaHH'IeClKHMH CBoHc1'BaMH .ZI.peBe'CI1HbI.
Q>,H3H'IeCKHeCBOHCT'Ba - rrJI01'HOCTb, II:BeT, 3arrax, BJlaIKH'O,CTb, 3JIeK-
TpOrrpOBO.li!HO'CTb, TerrJIOrrpoBo,ZJ.!HOiC1'b, 3BYKorrpOBO.Zl.HOCTb 11 ,n:p. Mexa-
H H'IeICKHe OBOHCl'B& - rrpO'lHOiCTb, yrr.pyroc1'b, BH3KOCTb, rrJIaCTl1'1-
HOICTb, xpyrrKocTb, pacKa.'!blBaeMocTb, crroc06HOCTb Y.Zl.epIKHBaTb
f'B03)IJH H llIypyrrbI H .ZI.p.
,IJ,JIH BbJ,II.OJ1HBHHH rrO.Zl.,06HOH pa601'bI He06xo.Zl.HMO HMe'Tb Ha60phI
06pa3IJ.OB .ZI.peBeCHlIbI, B K01'OpblX H1aXO.Zl.HTCH O.Zl.l1HaKOBble rro pa3Me-
PY 06pa3IJ.bI MHI'KHX H TBE>P.Zl.bIX rropoJ(. PacYHKH 11 orrHcaHHe rrp1160-
pOB, rrpHMeHHeMbIX .ZI.JIH rrO.Zl.06HOH pa601'bI, .ZI.aBaJIHCb B V KJIa'cce.
Ha .ZI.OICKe rrHllIeT'CH 3a.Zl.aHl1e, KOTopoe .ZI.O,'!IKJH'O 6bITb BbIITO,lHeHO
IlIKOJIbHHKa'MH. npHBO.Zl.HM rrOJIHOCTb!O CO.Zl.,epIKaHHe 3arrHceH 1Ia .ZI.O-
eKe:
Yqe6nall 3aJlaqa
06"b'eKT 'TPy.a.a' r
COAe pmanKe
OliOH aHUI mal5A.
1- npllMeqanne
- - I
gH aMH T€XHHKH
6e30naCHOCTH npH
pa60Te CTaMeCKaMH,
nH aMH H ApyrHMH
HHcTpyMeHTaMH
3. IlpaKTllqeCKali pa60-
Ta IlIKOJlbHHKOB no coellH-
HeHll10 )lBYX lleTaJIei'r C no.
MOII1.blO npS!MoyroJlbHoro
WHna
4. [lollBeAeHHe HTorOB
3aH!!THS!
060 p y .!I: 0 B a H Ii 'e: CTeH.!I: C 06pa3uaMH CTOJIS!pHblX coeAHHeHHfI; 06pa3eu
ILHnOBoro coellHHeHHS!, BblnOJlHeHHbli'r Y'lHTeJleM B npouec-::e .!I:€MOHCTpallHH; yrOJlb-
IIHK, peflcMYc, CTaMeCKa, KHHHKa, HOMOBKa'MeJlK03y6Ka.
1... ceHTH6pH 19 r.
JI a 60 paT 0 pH a H p a 6 0 T a:
«Onpe.!l:eJleHHe IIJH3HKO-MeXaHllqeCKIIX CBoiiCTB ApeBeCllilbI».
I. On.pelleJIHTb no BHeWIIHM npH3HaKaM nopOAY 06pa3l1,OB llpeBecHHbl.
2. OnpelleJlHTb <jJH3H'IeCKHe CBoHcTBa KaMAoro 06pa3ua (UBer, nJIOTHOCTb, 3a-
na.x, TeKcTypa).
3. Onpelle HTb MeXaHHqeCKHe cBol\cTBa oOpa3udB (TBEPD.OCTb, ynpyrocTb) ny-
TeM TeXIIOJJOrllLJeCKHX np06 H' C nOMOII!blO npH60poB (CM. pHC. 38 H 39). Pc-
aYJIbTaTbi pa60Tbi 3anHCblBalOTCII B TeTpa.D,b.
XO.Zl. 3aHSITUSI
)Jpe'BeCHHa !IMeer MHOro TaKUX CB 0 OC:rB , KioTopble .BblrO HO OTJIH-
'Ia!OT ee 01' .ZI.pyrHx MaTep,yaJIOB. KalKHe )J{e 91'0 C,BOH<C'I1Ba. lllKOJIb-
HHKH Ha3bIBa!OT He'KO'Topble H,3 HHX. 31'0 MaJIbIH Bec, KpacH'BaH TeK-
c'Typa, CriOC06HO'CTb IIJIOXO npoB'o,n:HTb TerrJIO, npOCToT3 o6pa60T'KH
(no cpaBIHeHHlo, H3npl1Mep, C Me'TaJIJIaMH) H .n.p.
6
J
BonpoCbI:
I. KaKHe Bbl 3HseTe nH oMaTepHa bl?
2. 4eM OTJIIlqalOTCH Apyr OT llpyra COCHa H Ay6 (IIJIH 6epe33 Jf cocHa)?
3. .IJ.peBecHHa KaKOM nOpOAbJ 60 ee TBepllaH?
4. ApeBecHHa KaKoi'r nOpOAbJ 60Jlee ynpyrall?
2
3AH5ITJ.1E 2
nOHSlHIE 0 lUHnOBblX COEAHHEHH}lX
IlJIaH 33HIJTHIJ
Y'reonaA 3aJlaqa 061,eKT TPYJla I CO,1epmaHHe npliMeqaHHe
03HaKoM eHHe C rrPHCnOC06J1e-1 1. Cnoc06b1 COeAH!!e!!HS!
eoellHHeHHeM npS!- HHe - H3npaBH' llpeBecHHbI C nOMOlUblO
1.I0yro bHblM liIH- Te b .!I:JlS! 3aDH- WHnOB
nOM, C npHeMaMH JlHB3HHS! !ll!lllOB 2. .IJ.eMoHcTpaUHIJ coellH-
pa60Tbl CTaMeCKOH H npeYIlIHH HeHIIS! AeTa.1e11 C nOMOw.blO
JlJlH .!I:OJlOTOM H .up a- npS!Moro CKB03Horo WIII13 '
1
PHC. 111. KOHCTPYKTHBHble 9J1eMeHTbI H3AeJIHIJ H3 Ape-
BecJtHbI: 1- OCHOBaHHe, 2 - CTeHKa' 60KoBalJ, 3-
KpbllllK3, 4 - ,QBepKH, 5 - nepe.!l:HS!1I CTeHKa, 6 - nOJlKH.
248
249
Bce 3TH CBOHCTBa H nCOOeH:HOCTIf.n:peBeCHHbI IllHpOKO HCrrOJlb3y-
lOT'CH, H3 .n:peBeCHHhI H.3rOTaBJIH'BaIOT MIHOlKeCTBO caMblX pa3H'OOOpa3-
HblX rrpe.n:MerIO-B. lIlKOJlbHHKH Ha3bwalOT rrpe.n:Merbl MeOeJlH, H3.n:eJlHH
CTOJIHlP'HOH MacrerpcKoH, CTOJIHp'HbIH BepcraK, pal\lbI, LwepH H .n:,pY'rHe
npe.n:MeTbI. Ho KaK ObI HH ObIJl MHorO'Olopa3eH rrepe4eHb 3THX rrpe.n:-
MeT,O'B, HX OO'beLUIHHer He'lTO o.orn:ee, 'I TO rrpHcyrn:e BceM 3THM rrpe.n:-
M' TaM, a 'HMeHHO - H3,n:eJI!HI H3 .n:peBeCHHbI co.crOHr H3 orrpe.n:e,'!eH-
HbIX KOiHCTpYKTHBHbIX 3JleMemTOS, Ta:KHX, KaK OPYCKH, pa MKH, KO,POO-
KH. 3H8HHe 3IHX KOIHfCTPYKTHBHbIX 3JleMeHTOB OOJIer'laeT KOHCT'PYH-
pOBaHHe rrpe.n:MerOB. Y'IHreJlb .n:eMOHCTpHpyeT TaOJIHIJ,bI HJIH rrpe.n: Me -
TbI pa:\IO'IiHOH, rn:H'rOBOH KIJH'CTPIYKIJ,IHH, HarrpHMep lIIKacp'lHK (pHC.
Ill) .
, K'OJIJIeKTHBHbIH cpaBHHTeJIbHblH a,H8JlH3 31HX KOHCTPYKIJ,HH rrOKa.
3blBa i eT rrpeHMYIIJ,ecTBo IIlHroBoH KOHC'l1PYK HH: OHa OOJlee rrpOCTa,
KpacHBa. 113 rn:Hl'OB MO>KHO ObICTpO coopaTb rOTOBoe H3.n:eJlHe. POB-
HbIe nOBepxHocrH rn:HTOB JIer4e rroKpbIsaTb JIaKaMH, rrOJllfTyp8MH,
KpacKoH, y.n:aJlHTb C HHX rrbWb.
KOHcrpYKIJ,HH rrp'e.n:MeToB H HX 3,'!eMeHTbl coeLLHHHIOTCH Me>K.n:y
C060H rro-pa3HoMY. Ho HaHOOJlee IllHpO'KO pacrrpOCl'paHe.HbI illHrrOBbie
coe,n:HH HHH. Cce.n:HHeHH5I Ha IllHrrax obIBalOT: o.n:HHap,HbIe (.n:eMoH-
cTpHpyel1cH coe.n:HH'eHHe c rrOMorn:blO OLlHoro III Hrr a ), .n:BoHHble (J(e-
MOHCTpH.pyeTcH COeLlH'HeHHe LLBOHHbIM IllHrrOM), C rrOMOIlI.blO Tpex II
60Jlee IllHrrOB.
PHC. 112. liHn I! npoylllHHa: a - AJlII-
Ha IlIHna, 6, - IlIHpHHa IlIHna, 8 - TO.1-
mHHa IlIHna, c - 3anJle4HKH.
250
Ha LlaHHOM 3aHHTHH
peOHT 3HaKOMHT C BbIIIOJI-
HeHHeM IllHrrOBOrO coe.n:H-
HeHHH C rrOMOrn:blO OLlHoro
np HMoyrOJIbHOrO UlHrr3.
3TO coeLlHHeHHe COCTOHT
H3 rieTaJlH C IllHIJOM H LJ,e.
TaJIH C rrpOYIllHHOH
(pHC. 112). YIx HYlKHO Ta.K
coeLlHHHTb Me>K.n:y C060H,
rOBopHT Y'lHreJIb, '1T06bl
OHH CHLleJIlI rrJIOTHO. A
'Ir06bI LlooHrbcH 3Toro,
HYlKHO 3Harb OrrpeLleJIe'H-
HbIe rrpHeMbI paOOTbI.
npe>KLle Bcero aepYT LleraJlH OLlH.HaKOBOro Ce'leHHH (oLlH'HaKoBoH
TOJIrn:HHbI H III HpHHbI), Ha HX KOHIJ,aX OTKJI aLlbIBa lOr TOJlrn:H.HY Ller aJIH
H C rrOMOIlI.blO yrOJIbHHKa LleJIaJOT lIeTbIpeXCTopoHHIOIO pa3MeTKY
(pHC. 113). npH pa3MeTKe LleTaJIeH 0Ll,HnaKOBoro ce4eH H pa3Me:a-
lOT cp,a3Y HeCKOJIbKO Ll.eTaJIeH (pHC. 114), 'lrO B neC!W.'IhKO pa3 YCKO- I
pHeT p83MeTKy. lIlHprllla IllHIIa B OLlHlIa!HIOM COCLllllIelIHH 06bI'IHO
paBH3 OLlIIOiI TpeTH WHpHlIbI LleTaJIH. B LlailHOM cJIY'lae rrpH IIIHPrlHe
n;eTaJlH B 30 MM, HY>KHa CTa;',leCKa HJlH LlOJlOrO IllHpHHOH 10 MAt. CTa-
MeCKY (.n:OJIOTO) CTaBHT B cepeLlHHe LleraJlH (pHC. 115), ,n:eJIalOT Jler-
KHH HalKHM. Ha 3arorOBKe OCTaeTCH CJIeLl HHcrpYMeHTa. C rrOMOIlI.b){)
peHcMyca HJlH CrreIJ,HaJIbHOrO rrpHcrroco6JIeHHH 0 T B 0 JI 0 K H
(pHC. 115, B) rrpOBOLlHT JIHHHH rro KpaHM CJle.n:a CTaMeCKH.
llIHrrbI 3arrHJIHBalOT raK, '1TOObI rrpOrrHJl HaXOLlHJlCH 3a KOHrYP'OM
III Hrra, OKOJIO JlHHHH; rrpH 3arrHJlHBaHHH rrpOYIllHHbI rrpOrrHJl ,n:eJlalOT
BHyT'pK ee, TaKlKe OKOJlO JIHHHH (pHC. 116). anHJIHB IllH!1 1I rrpoylllH-
PHC. 114. Pa3MeTKa Olll1HaKOBblX AeTaJlei\
yroJlbHHKOM.
PHC. 115. P a3MeTKa
IlIHna H npoywHllbi
npacnoC06JIeHl<leM; a--
YCTaHOBKa CTaMeCKH,
6 - nOJlyqeHHe MeTIm,
'8 - pa3MeTKa OTBOJlO-
KOH.
PHC. 113. 4eThlpex- -
CTOpOHHHII pa3MeTKa
.nJl!! IlIHIIOBOro co-
eAHHeHH!!.
a
rJ
251
';:?
TOlJllJIOCb Ha nO'CJIe,n:OBaTeJIbHO,CTH nOJIY'lJeHllH IlIllnOBOro COeJI..llHeHHSI
(pa3Me1'Ka, 3anll.1llBaiHHe, JI..OJI6JleHlle). TorJI..a OHll CMOryT nOJI-
HOUblO ll3rOTOBHTb H3JI..eJIHe Ha )J:aHHOM 3aHHTHH. "4r06bl pa60Ta
WJla ycrrellIHee, YlJallI.HeCH JI..OJlIKHbI nOKa3aTb YlJllTeJIIO (HnH Yt:IeHH-
KaM, ycnelliHo cnpaBHBIlIHMCH C pa601'OH) pa3MeTKY COe)l.llHeHHH
nepeJI.. 3anHJIHBa,HHeM mHIIOIB H npOiYIlIHH.
Li1 u. n
BonpQcbI:
I. KaKHe npeHMYlll.eCTB8 Y Il\HTOBOH KOHCTPYKUHH no cpaBHeHHIO c paMotJHoA?
2.; KaKoBbI npeHMYll\eCTB8 UlHnOBoro coeAHHeHH!! nO cpaBHeHHIO C coeAHHe-
HHHMII Ha rB0311HX luiu Ulypynax?
3, KaK lIa3blB3iOTCH tJaCTH UlIma?
4. Ha30BIJTe npaBII.la reXHUKH 6e30nacHocTH npH pa60Te cTaMecKoH.
3AH5.lTHE 3
I(OHCTPYHPOBAHHE H3,lJ,EJIHn, HMEIOIl{HX np}lMOyrOJIbHblE
lUHnOBWECOEAHHEHH}I
nJlaH 3aHSlTHR
PIIC. 116. 3anHJJHBaHHe UlHn8
If npoYUlHHbI.
PRC. 1 17. np Hcnoc06J1eHHe
AJISI 3am1JIHBaHH!!.
qtOHaR suaql
OO'UKT TPYJlI
COAepmlHlie
IIpHMeqaHlie
HY (BO BpeM5I JI..eMOHCl'pa1IHH), YlJlITeJIb OOpallI.aeT BHHMaHHe Ha npa-
BHJIa TCXHI1<KII 6c30nacllo,cTH, no. h3yeTcH nplICnOCOOJleHHHMH - Ha-
IIpaBHTCJIHMH rrpH 3aIIHJIIIf33IIHH (pnc. 117). nOCJI,e 3anHJlH'BaHiHH
UIHnOB H npoYIlIHH HatJHHaeTCH CnHJIHBaHHe 3anJIetJHKOB H JI..oJI6JIe-
Hlle npoYIlIHHb1.
.llOJIOJIeHlle - HOBaH onepau.llH H BbIITOJlH5Ie1'CS1 HOBb1M ,n:JIH
IlIR!OJl!>HHKOB llHcTPYMeHToM - C T aM e C K 0 H llJIH JI.. 0 JI 0 l' 0 M. YtJH-
TeJIb, ,n:eMOHCTpHPY5I rrplleMbI BbI60pKH npOYIlIHHb1, nOJI..tJepKllBaer
BaIKHOC'Tb C06JIIOJI..eHHH npaBllJl -peXiHHKH 6e30rraCHOCTH. 4T06b1 He
IIOBpeJI..HTbnOBepXHOCTb BepcraKa, npH JI..OJl6JleHllH rrOJlb3YIOTiCH npe-
,n:oxpaHHTeJlMIb1MH nOJI..KJIaJI..KaM!f H3 cpaHepb1 HJIll ,n:peBeCHHbI.
nOCJIe JI..eMOHC'I'paU.llH pa60lJHX npHeMOB uIKOJIbHHKaM pa3JI..alOT
,n:eraJIH ,n:.151 pa60rb1. YlJallI.HMCH rrpe,n:JIaraeTC5I BbIrIO.1HHTb HeCJIO>K-
Hoe npncnoCOO.'IeHHe - ,HanpaBllTeJ1b JI..JI5I 3anH.1llBaHllH, C nOMOllI.bIO
KOToporo OHH Oy,n:YT 3arrHJIHBaTb IlIHnbI II rrpOYWllHbl Ha IIOCJIeJI..YIO-
IIIHX 3aHHTHHX. Pa3Mepb! JI..BYX JI..eTaJIeH OJI..HHaKOBble - 15X50X
X 120 MM.. .LI.eTa.1Jll COeJI..HHHIOT C nOMOllI.blO OJI..HOrO npH MorO CKB03-
Horo ulHna. '
KaK npaBHJIO, He Y Bcex IlIKOJIbHHKOB COeJI..llHeHHe nOJIYtJael1C5I
cpa3y JIO'I'HbIM, pOBHbIM. Pe651ra, ycnelliHo crrpaBHBIlIHeC5I C :J1'OH
paOOTOH, nOMoralOT TOBapHllI.aM, Y KOTOpblX B03HllKalOT TPy,n:HOCTH,
pa3'bHCHHIOT rrpHtJllHY HX 01lIH60K. B JI..aHHOM CJIYtJae u. eJIe co06pa3HO
II,PHroTOBHTb YlJaIlI.HMC5I 3arOTOBKH, tJTOObl Bce BHHMaHHe cocpe,n:o-
.252
Pa3BHTHe H8tJ8.1b- 5I1lI.f!K ,lI.JJSI Me-
HblX HaBblKOB KOII- Jla II ry6KII
crpYHpOBaHHH H3'
,lI.eJlHH, COcTOHmHX
113 HeCKOJIbKHX Ae-
TaJlei'r, C YtJerOM
cnoc060B HX coellH-
HeflHH (B ABHHOM
cJlYtJae c nOMOw.blO
UlHnOB)
1. 060CHOBaHHe Tpe60-
BaH H" K C03A3HHIO H311e-
JI'HH
, 2. Pa3pa60TK3 KOllcr-
PYKll.UH npellMer8
3. KOJlJleKTHBHblA aH a.
JlH3 npeACraBJIeHHblX KOH-
CTPYKUHH
4, COCTaBJJeHHe nJI8H8
pa60TbI
060 PYA 0 B.3 H II e: Terp8D.b B KJleTKY, KapaHA3m, mrneHKa, aBTopytJK8,
BcnOMOraTE'Jlbllble M3repHaJJbl, KapTOH. nJl8CrHJlHH H llP,; 33rOTOBKH H MarepH3JIbI
.lI.JI!! H3rOTOBJlenIJH IJ3AeJJHH.
o <jJ 0 P M JI e H Hell 0 C K H: Tpe60Ba1lH!! K pa3p360TKe KOIICTPYKUHH.
XOJI.. 3aHSlTHSI
Ha 9TOM 3aHHTHH .IlIKOJIblHHKaM npe,n:cTOHT KOHCTpYllpOBaHlle
npe,n:Me'T3, HMelOIlI.erO COeJI..HHeHHH C nOMOllI.blO IlIllrrOB. 31'0 MO)K,eT
ObITb, HanpHMep, HIlI.HK JI..JIH XpalleHHH Me,1a H ry6KH. nepe,lJ. ynIallI. ll -
MllCH CTaBH"I'C5I KOHKpeTHaH 3aJI..alJa: CKo,HcTpyllpoBarb H ll3rOTOBHTb
51llI.llK JI..JIH MeJla H ry6KH. «"4eM BbI3BaHO H3rOTOBJIeiHHe 9Toro OO'beK-
Ta?» - crrp allIHBaeT YlJllTeJIb .y IlIKOJlIYHHKOB. T e OTBelJaIOT, lJ TO IKe-
JIOOOK JI..0CKll JI..OBOJIbHO Y3KllH. fYOKa H MeJI tJaCTO rraJI..alOT Ha nOJI,
253
I
8 ---"--":"
.= --- -: . - --
. -. . ---. .-.--
-:. = -= -
_-.: --- :
- - ' - '-
¥ '
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1Il
.lY
P,ac. 118. 06pa3l1,bI !!W.HKOB AJI!! MeJIa H ry6KH.
.zr
.
MeJI KpOUIHTCH, pa HOCHTCH no KJIaocy. Cne1l.HaJIbHO CKOHC'fiPYHPO-
BaHHbIH H H3rOl'OBJIeHHbIH HIlI.HK nOMomeT H30emaTb :nora.
YlJHTeJIb npe.n:JIaraeT no.,n:yMaTb, KaKHM )Ke TpeOOBaHHHM .n:OJI)KJIIO
()TBelJaTb 9TO H3,n:eJIHe. (C-OBMeC'fIHO pa3pa60TaHHbIe 'fIpe60BamlSl
3a'U:H,CbIBaIOTCH Ha ,n:OCKe, Kam.n:bIH nynKT KOJIJI0KTHBHO 06cY)KAa-
eTCH.) B ,n:aHHOM CJIYlJae Tpe60BalHHH K KOHCTpyK1I.HH HllI.HKa MorYT
ObITb TaKHMH:
1. MeJI H ry6KY JIel'KO H y.n:'OOHO 6paTb pYKaMH.
2. MeJI H rYOKa He ,n:OJI)KHbI na,n:aTb Ha nOJI.
3. MeJI H rYOKa He .n:OJI)KHbI xpaHHTbCH BMeCTe (TaK Ka,K npH Ta-
KOM xpaHeHH.J.I MeJI HaMOKaet H CTaHOBiH'fICH HenpHrO,lIJHbIM K yno-
TpeOJIeHHIO) .
4. MaKCHMaJIbHaH npo,cToTa H3roTOBJIeHHH.
5. KpacHBaH cpopMa H3.n:eJIHH.
YlJHTeJIb nOMoraeT UIKOJIbHHKaM OOoc,HioBaTb TpeooBaHHH K co-
3,n:aHHIO npe,!I.MeTa COBeTOM, HaBo,n:HllI.H'MH Bo'npocaMIH, nO,CJIe lJero
Ha'lH!HaerCH caMOCrOSneJIbHaH pa3paooTKa KOHcrpyK1I.,HH npe,n:Mera
B COOTBel'CTBHH C TpeooBaHHHMH K ero H3rOTOBJIeHHIO. B HX pacnopH-
meHHH nJIaCTHJI'HII HJIH rJIHHa, KapToH, oYMara,npOBOJIOKa, 06pe3KH
cpaHepbI H ,n:P'YrHe BcnOMOraTeJIblibIe MaTepl1aJIW, llOMOralOllI.He 00-
JIefllHTb pa60TY Ha,n: C03.lUIHHeM oopa3Lla npc,n:MeTa. C03,n:aHIIbIH YlJa-
llI.HMHCH MaKer nOMoraer lIe TOJIbKO BbInOJIHHTb rpacpHlJeCKOe H30-
opameHHe npe,n:MeTa, HO H YTOlJHHTb ero KOHCl'PYK,1I.HIO, CPOPMY,.
TeXHOJIOrHIO H3rOTOBJI0HHH, onpe.n:eJIHTb pa3MepbI npe.n:MeT'a.
no Mepe TOro KaK UIKOJIbHHK,H 3aKaH'lJHBa1OT paOOTY no rpacpH-
qeCKOMY H300pameHHIO oy,n:YIlI.ero npe.n:Mera B rel'pa,n:H, YlJHTeJIb
nOOlJepe.n:no npHrJIaUIaeT HX K ,n:O-CKe, Ky.n:a OHH nepenOCHT CBOH 3a-
Mbl'CJIb!. (.l1.ocKa pa30HBaeTCH Ha HeCKOJIbKO lJaCTeH.)
B COOTBeTCTBHH C COCTaBJIeH'HbIMH rpeOOBaHHHM'H nOHBJIHerCS1
HeCKOJIbKO KOHCTPYK1I.HH HIlI.HKOB (pHC. 118). DocJIe KOJIJIeKTHBHoro
oocym,n:elfHH KOHlcrpyK1I.HH OnaHaBJIHBalOl'CH Ha O.ll:HOM-.n:BYX JIyq-
UIHX OOpa311.aX, KoropbIe yqaIll.HeCH Oy,n:YT H3rOTaBJJHBaTb Ha nOCJIe-
.n:YlOllI.HX 3aHS!,THHX.
)JonycTH M, UIKOJIbHHKH
BbIOpaJIH ,n:Ba o6.p a 311. a (IV.
V), KOTopble, no HX MHeHHIO..
HaHOOJIee nOJIHO COOTBeTCT-
BOBaJIH pa3paOOTaHHblM rpe-
OOBaHHHM K C03,n:aHHIO H3.l1:e-
JIHH, HO 60JIbUIHHCTBO H3 HHX
OT,n:aJIH npe,n:TIOlJreHHe oopaa.
1I.y IV, KOHcrpYK1I.HH H reXHO-
JIOrHH H3rOTOBJIeHHH KOTOpO-
ro npe,n:cTaBJIHJIaCb HM 3Ha-
QHTeJIbHO npOIll.e. Tor,n:a OCTa-
HaBJIHBaIOTCS1 Ha 9TOM oopa3-
1I.e.
PHC. 119. TexHHtJecKlIA PHCYHOK IIIHHKa
AJIII ry6KH II MeJIa.
255
PRC, 120. OnpelleJleHHe pa3MepoB Bbl6paHHbix KOHCTPYKUHii:
a - llBYX"bHW.HqHOI1, 6 -'Ol\HOHW.HqHOH.
CJIe.n:YlOllI.HH :naI1 3TOH paOOTbl- OI1pe.n:eJIeH!fe pa3MepOB. Pa60-
Ta MOlKeT pa3BHBaTbCH B TaKOif I10CJIe.n:0'BaTe.rIbH CTH. Y'IHTeJIb 33-
MepHeT raoapHTHble pa3Mepbl r1'OKH H MeJIa H .n:eJIaeT Ha .n:OCRe HX
'1e.pTelKH HJIH TeXlllftlCCKHe pl1C1'HKH C HaneceHlIbIMH pa3MepaMH
(pHC. 119), HCXO.n:5I H3 K0'J10pbIX onpe.n:e.15lIor pa3MepbI npe.n: MeTa .
TaK, yqalll.HeCH pelllalOT, '11'0 .n:JIHHa OT.n:eJIeHHH .n:JIH I'y6 H ,n:OJl)KH
OblTb He MeRee 120 MM, lllHpHHa 90 MM, a BbICOTa nepe HeH H 3a.n:HeH
CTeHOK 3Toro OT.n:eJIeHHH He .n:OJIlKHa ObITb o.n:,H,HaKOBOH.. BbIC-01'a ne-
pe.n:HeH CTeHKH )J;OJIlKHa ObITb MeHbllle BbICOTbl 3a)J;HeH CTeHKH.. Dpn
TaRoif KOHCTPYK1I.HH rYOKY o1'.n:eT 1',n:OOHO opaTI; PYKaMH. OI1p e .n:e.rIHTb
pa3MepbI OT.n:eJIeHHH ,n:JIH MeJia npOlll.e, TaK KaK pa3MepbI MeJia He.
BeJIHKH. 50PTHK, OKaHTOBbIBalOllI.HH OT,n:eJIeHHe ,n:JIH x.paIHeHHH MeJia,
.n:onlKeH BbIcTynaTb Ha.n: rrOBepXHOCTblO I10JIKH Ha 15 MM, a I1JIOlll.a.n:b
nOJIKIH ,n:OJIlKHa I103BOJIHTb CBOOO.n:HO pa3MeCTHTb HeC,KOJIbKiO KYCKOB
MeJia - ee pa3Mep orrpe.n:eJleH B 90-100 MM Ha CTOPOHY. .
DOCJIe orrpe.n:eJIeHHH pa3MepO'B npe,n:MeTa Ha'lHlHael1CH BTOpOIf
3TaI1 paool'bI - I1JIaHHpOBaHHe, ,
Y'IHTeJIb Ha'HOCHl' pa3MepbI Ha PHCYHKH HJIH qepTe>K (pHC. 120)
H I1pe,n:JIaraeT npO)I.yMaTb I1JIaH paOOTbI. YTOqHeHHble npe.n:JIOlKeHHSI
lllKOJIbiHHKOB 33'I1HCbIBa-I011CH Ha .n:,OCKe B BH.n:e nJIana.
nJlaH pa60Tbi
1. 113roTOBJleHHe oTAeJleHHSI AmI ry6KH,
2. 113roTOBJJeHHe AHa (KOTopoe OAHOBpeMeHHO CJlyJltHT nOBepXHOCTblQ OTlle.
nellHH )11I!! MeJIa).
. 3. 113roToB.1eHl1e 6opTHKa.
4. C60pKa H OTil.eJJKa.
256
PHC. 121. AeTa,IIH HIlIHKa An;;' rYOKH
H MeJIa (OAHOH\.UHqHa!! KOHCTPYKlI,H!!).
1
PHC. 122. AeTaJlH !!\.UHK8 AJJ!! ryoKH H
MeJIa (ABYX'b!!\.UJlqHaH KOIICTPYKlI,HH).
D1'HKTbI I1JIa,Ha 1I.eJIe,COO,0,pa3RO nOHOHHTb pHC1'HKaMH Ha .n:OCKe,
ROTopble yqHTeJIb .n:eJIaeT O.n:HOBpeMeHHO C 3anHCHMH (pHC. 121 If
122) .
DpH ooc1'lK,n:eHHH I1JIaHa paooTbI I10Jl.oHpaeTcH MaTepHaJI .n:JI5I
H3rOTOBJIeHHH H3.n:eJIHH. 3TO H3.n:eJIHe MOlKHO il3rOTOBHTb H3 cpaHepbI
1'OJIllI.HHOH 8-1ct MM (3a H.cKJIlOqeHHeM 60pTHKOB, KOTopbIe H3l'OTO'
BJIHIOT. H3 TOHKOH cpaHepbl HJIH MeTaJIJIa). DpH 3TOM oOpalll.aeTC5I
BHHMaHHe Ha TeKcT1'P1' cpa Hepbl, Ha paCI10JIOlKeHHe ee CJIOCB.
MOlKHO TaKlKe IfCnOJIb30BaTb H nHJIOMaTepHaJibI. lJ,eJIeCOOOpa3Ho
oopaTilTb BHI1MaHHe yqalll.HX,CH Ha .n:OCTOH,HCTBa H He.n:OC1'aTKH 3TfIX
MaTepHaJIOB rrpHMCHHTeJIbHO K npe.n:cTOHllI.eH paooTe.
3aKOHlJHB paooTY no YTOqRe1HHIO nJIaH3 H rro.n:ooPKY MaTepHaJIOB,
yqHTe.1b npe.n:JIaraeT WKOJIbHH'KaM BbmO.1HHTb TeXHHlJeCKHH pHCY,HOK
ilJIH lJepTelK B Te1'pa,n:H.
BonpoCbI:
1. 4eM OTJlHqaeTC!! iP8Hepa OT nHJioM8TepH8J10B?
2. K8KHe CBoHcTBa MaTepH8J10B yQHTbIB8IOTC!! npH H3rOTOBJleHHH H3AeJlHii?
17. 3aKas 2374,
257
fiJI8H aallll,flOI
-:::a>l 3aiJ,aqa l 06'beK1 1PYA' I COAepJKaliH8 npHMeqaliUe
Pa3BHTHe YMeHHH 5IW.HK .n:ml Me. "I. ,J::LeMoHCTpall,HJI pa3-f Bo BpeMH .n:s.
H HaBblKOB B BbIllOJI- JIa H ry6KH MeTKH IlIHnOBOro coe.n:HHC- I MOHCTPall.l1H BbI-
HeHUH coeAHlleHHII HHII nOJJHeHHII IlIHno.
npliMoyrOJJblIblM IlIH- 2. AeMOHCTpall.HII 3aI1H- Boro coeAHHe.
nOM JIJ!BaHHJI IlIHnOl3, BbIllH.1H- HHII 06palll.alOT
BaHHH npOYIlIHH BHHMaHHe Ha
3. UpaKTH'lecKall pa60- npaBH.1a TeXHH-
Ta Il1KOJIhlIHKOI\ 110 coeAH. KH 6e30I1aCIIOCTH
Hrll HlO .n:eTaJIea c no. II pH pa60Te c
MOW.blO IlIHnOH nHJlaMH, CTaMec.
KaMH H .n:pyrHMH
HI1CTpYMeHTaMH
4
3AH5ITHE 4
COEJ],HHEHHE npjlMOYfOJIbHblM lUHnOM
t
6
7
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--
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; : . ::: F ! i j j i i . mmm m ji
060 p y .n: 0 B a H H e: .n:eTaml 1I3.n:eJJHII, py6aHoK, ApaqeBbIi\ nanHJIbHHK, IlIKYP'
Ka MeJIK03epHHCTaJl H KpynH03epHHcTall, CTaMeCKa HJJH .n:OJJOTO, HOMOBKa-MeJIKO.
SYOK3, lliCTPYKll.HOHHali KapT8 Ha BblllOJJlleHHe IlJHnOBOrO coe.n:HHeHilJI.
PHC. 124. Pyql!OH 9JIel<TpOAOJI6eJlmhli'I IIIICTPYMCIIT 11-1:
1- onopllflll paM a, 2-I<OJIOIlI(3, 3- Kopnyc 9JIelfTpo.n:BnraTeJISI, 4-
Dc.n:yw.all 3Bl'3110 ' 1!(!t, 5.- qJlmC3TOp, 6 - pl'JI(YU.lali Llenb, 7 - HanpaB-
JJHlow.aJl nJIaliKa.
PHC. 123. WHnopesHblii CTaHOK.
lllKoJIbHHKaM KparKO paOCKa3bIBalOr a nOJlyqe,HHH IIHInOBbIX co.
e;UIHeHHH B npOH3BO)I:cr'BeH'HbIx YCJlOBHHX, rlI.e IllHnbI H npoyIllHHbI
nOJlyqalOr C nOMOlIJ.blO Illwnope3HbIx craHKOB (pHC. 123), a JI.oJI6J1e.
HHe rHe3.l1. npoH3Bo)J.H11CH npH nOMOlIJ.H 3J1eKrpH<prHI.HpOBaHHbIx HH-
crpYMeHToB H pa3J1HqHbIX JI.OJI6e)KHbIX ycrpoHcTB.
npHHlI.Hn paooTbI IllHnope3Hbix craHiKOB HeCJlO)KeH. Ha IllnHHJI.eJlb
craHKa Ha)J.eBalOT <ppe3bl ()J.eMoHcrpHpYlOr HeCKOJlbKO <ppe3), Me)K-
)J.y KoropblMH HaXO)J.H11CH npOiKJla,n:KH, oopa3YIOUJ,He HeOOXOJI.HMbIe
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JlOM 3aHHTHH lLeraJIb, HYIKHO 06parHTb ero BHHMaHHe Ha OTKJIOHeHHe
OT 3a.lI.aHHorO pa3Mepa H cpOpMbI, nOCOBeTOBaTh, KaK yC11paHHrb 3TH
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MeHraMH. YqHreJIb pa3pelliaeT npHcTynaTb K pa60Te Ha CTaHKe
TOJIbKO reM yqaIll,HMCH, y' KOTOpblX lLeTaJJH HMelOT orHOCHTe.JlbHO
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nOMOIll,bIO lliKypKH.
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KIIA IJ.blllYlilero 3311 WrH!!
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Kllff 2. Cnocoobl CKJleliBall H!!
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illKOJlbHblX MacTepcKHx II
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3. npaKTllqeCKa!! paoo-
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Ka-MeJlK03YOKa, pyoaHoK, IJ.pa'leBblH HanHJlbHIIK, IlIKypKa KpynH03epllHCTail H MeJl-
K03epIlIlCTaR. .
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US $aHepbl, CKJIeflBaHIHe 83 Hee 60JIee TOJICTbIX ,n,eTaJIefI. n03TOMY
271
Ha npe.lI.bI,n,Ylll.eM 3aHHrHH yqeHHKH HaqaJIH H3I'OrOBJIeHHe .lI.eTa-
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HbI C .lI.O'CTa TOqHO BbTC.QKOH rOqHOCTblO, BbIilOJIHeHHe 3roii p a@oThI
270
PHC. 131. CxeMa nOJIyqellH!! umolla (a) H crporaHoi\
<paHepbl (6) i
1 - KpHiK, 2 - 110M, 8 - IlInOH, 4 - npHMHM.
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1- CI(JlCHB CMa!! ljJaHepa, 2 - npol(JlaAKa, 8 - HHMHSISI nJIHra,
4 - BepxIIHSI nJlHTa, 5 - Hanpal3J1IHOUlHe.
11M HYIKHO c:006Il1,HTb HeKOTOpbIe OBe.n.eHH5I 06 aTOM MaTepHaJIe.
<P 3 He p a - M3TepH3JI, rrOJlYlJaeMbIH H3 .n.peBe,CHHbI, HO HeKOTopbIMH
CBOHC'TBaMH OTJIHlJ3IOIlI,HHC5I OT 3Ha,TJorWIHbIX CBofI'C'J1B .n.peBeCHHbI.
<PaHepa 3HalJHTeJIbHO rrpOlJHee .n.peBeCHHbI; OT.n.eJIbHbIe ee co,pTa He
60HTCH yCyWKH, BJlarH; cpaHe.py MOflmo nOJlYlJHTb rrpaKTHlJeCKH
JIIOOOH WHpHHbI, .n.JIH:HbI H TOJIIlI,HHbI.
Pa3JIHlJalOT .n.Ba llH.n.a cpaHepbI-cTporaHYIo H KJIeeHYIO.
OTP.oraHYIO cpaHepy H3rOTOBJlHIOT H3 l'Bep.II.bIX u;eHHbIX IIOpO.n. .n.pe-
BeOHHbI, .n.JIH o6JIHu;oBKH MeHee u;eHHbIX, WH'pOKO pacrrpocrpaHeHHbIx
nopo.n. .n.peBecHHhI, l'aKHX, KaK COOHa, eJIb, JlHrra, OCHHa. Ib.n.eJIHH,
OOJlHl OBaHHbIe cTlporaHoH cpaHepOH,OT.LI,eJIbIBalO'fICH Jl8KaMH HJI!f
nOJIHTypaMH, t!TO rro.n.lJepKHBaeT Kpa,coTY TeKcTYPbI .n.pe.aecHHbI H
3aIll,HIlI,a'eT ee OT B03.n.eHCl'BHH BHeWHefI cpe.n.bI. DOJIYlJalOT cTpora-
HYIO cpaHepy Ha Che HaJIbHbIX CTaHKax, cOCTparHBaH'fOHKHH CJlOH
no BceH .n.J1H'He H wHpHHe 06,paOaTblBaeMOro KpHIKa.
KJleeHYIO cpaHepy IIOJlYlJalOT HeCKO.1JbKO rro-HHoMy. Kp5lm .n.pe-
BeCHHbI KaK 6bI pa3MaTbIBaeTcH Ha CIIeU;HaJlbHOM CTaHKe (pHC. 131).
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3aHHbIH KJIeeM, KJIa.n.el'C5I KpeCT-IHa,KpeCT, CJIOH Ha C,JlOi'I H C IIOMOIll,b!O
npeCCOB (pnc. 132) CKJIeHBaeTCH. OOHOBHbIM cbIpbeM AJIH rrOJlYlJeHH5I
KJIeeHOH cpaHepbI CJlymHT .n.peBecHHa 6epe3bI, XOT5I MeHee u;eHHbIe
cTpOHTeJIbHbIe copTa KJIeeHOH cpaHepbI .n.eJIalOl' H3 .n.peBeCHHbI APyrH'x
18. 3aKa3 2374. 273
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HHCTPYKll.HOIHHbIe KapTbl Ha H3rOTO'BJIeHtHe KpyrJIbIX H rrp,113MaTH'Ie-
CKHX ,n:eTaJlen. .
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OHO HOCHT HT'ODO'BbIH xap aKTep. Y'IHTeJIb 0606IlI,a,eT CBe,lI,eHHH,
nOJ1Y'IeHIHbIe IllKOJlbHfJ,KaMIH 06 HlHCTPYKll.HO'HHOH KapTe.
113r01'O'BJIe'HHe JII060ro H3JJ,eJIH5I Ha MacaOBOIM cOBpeMeHHoM rrpa.
H3Bo',n:CTBe npO):LYMblBaeTcH crrell.HaJIHCTaMH-TeXHOJIOraMH, KOTopbIe
B COBepIlleHC'J\Be ,'I;OJlLKIHbI 3HRTb yCTpOHCTBO II rrpHHll.nrr ,n:eHcrBlil:
caMbIX pa3Hoo5tpa3HbIx CTaIHKOB, CBoHcTBa MH,orHX MaTepiHaJlOB. O
Toro, HaCKOJlbK,O rrpoJJ.yMaH rr.TJa,H H3rOl'OBJleHH5I H3,n:eJI, H5I 3aBHCHf
Ka'IeCTBO 6y,n:yIlI,ero CTaHKa, MaIll!i'HbI, rrp ):LMeTa MeOeJIH, ero CTOn-
MOCTb, rrpoH3Bo,n:HTeJIb'HOCTb Tp,y,n:a paoolJero H ):Lp.
. TeXHOJIOr ):LOJILKeH 3HaTb He TOJlbKO TO, H3 KaKoro MaTepHaJIa,
Ha KaKHX CTaH'Kax HyLKlIO H31'0'TaBJlHBaTb ):LeTaJlH, HO OH ):LOJDKeIl
rrpe.lI.BH.):LeTb, 3a KaKoe I3peMH H3roTO'BHT pa60'IHH KaLK.lI.YIO ,n:eTaJIb,
y3eJI H3):LeJlHH, 'IT06bl KaLKJ(aH ,lI,eTaJlb 6bIJla H3rOTO'BJleHa B CTporo
onpe,!I.eJl-eHI-lbIX KOJIHlJeCTBaX, HeO,OXO,lI,HMbIX ,n:JlH C60PWH npeJJ;YCMOT-
peHHbIX rrJl a HOM rO'TOBbIX H3,n:eJIHH.
B YCJlOBHHX IllKOJlI:JHOH MaCTepCKOH MaJleHlllee oTCTyrrJIeHHe OT
HHCTpYKll.HO'HHOH KapTbl rrpH H3rOTOBJIeHHH Qllpe):LeJIeHHblX ):LeraJleH
ne):LeT K rro:plJe ):LeTaJIH, a 3Ha'IHT, K nOJIY'IeHHIO MeHblllero KOJIH'Ie-
CTBa ,n:oopOKa'IeCTBe,HHblX H3,n:eJIHH rro cpaBHe,HHIO C 3arrJIaHHpOBaH-
HbIM.
Il1KOJIbHHKH rrOJIY'IalOT 3arOTOBKH H Ha1JHHalOr pa60TY rro H'3ro-
TOB.'leHHIO HO'liHorO IlIiHTKa H CTOHKH monHTpa, rrOJIb3YHCb rHIIOBbIMH
HHC1'pyKILHOHiHbIMH KapTaMH Ha H3rOTOBJIeHHe ):LeTalIH npH3MaTH'Ie-
CKOH H KpyrJlOH cpOpM, rro pa3MepaM, HanHcaHHbIM y<IHTeJleM Ha
):LOCKe. TaK KaK Ha THrrOBbIX HHCTP.YKll.HOHHbIX KapTax pa3MelpbI Y'Ka
3aHbI 6YKBaMH, TO 3aI1HCb npOH3.B0):LHTCH TaK, 'ITO pH):LOM C 6YKBoli
CTOHT HYIKHblii pa3Mep. HarrpHMep, Ha THnOBOH HHC'I\PYKll.HOHHOH
Ka'pTe ra6apHTHbIe pa3MepbI 6pYCKa 0603Ha'IeHbf A - ,n:JIHHa
B -IllHpIHlHa; C - TOJlIll.HHa. Ha ,!I;OC'Ke 3arrHCb MOLKer BbIrJl5I):LeTb
TaK
3AH5ITI1E 12
H3rOTOBJIEHHE nlOnHTPA no HHCTPYKLlHOHHOR KA PTE
nJIaH 3aHHTHH
Ta 1. E HCTPYKlI,HOHllaH Kap- I<;aMAbIH Y'Ia-
. 3Ha'leHlle llI,Hr"ICH nOJJ '1aer
2 POJJb TeXHOJlOrH'!e- HHCTPYKlI,HO IIYI()
CKOII KapTbl B COBpeMelI- KapTY ,
HOM npOH3BOAcTBe
3, npaKTH'IeCKaH pa60-
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TOBJJellHIO npH3MamqeCKHX
H KpyrJlbIx AeraJJei'r (no
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KapTaM)
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TH'IeCKHX H KpyrJJL!X AeTaJl;H YApaqe bI.pHcnOc06JIeHIlH AJJH H3fOTOBJlefnI!! npH3Ma:
Bbl ii e HHCTPYKlI,HOHHble KapT Ha H3ro o : fIHK, IlIJJH<jJoBaJJbHble IlIKypKH; TH-
Jle . npH3!'.!aTII'IeCKHX II KPyrJIbiX .!le.
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KOTOpbIe craBHT CO C1'OpOiHbI KpbIJIlKH nlO : a eo,6xo]I.HMiO 3aJIlJ1..aK-
KpbIJIlKH 6bIJIa rJIa]I.KOH, Ime.3]I.a C JIl: JJ.HOCTblO MOrYT H3rOTOBHTb
JIeB3Tb. Ha 9TOM 3aHH'J1HH Yl/alll.HeC 6 y n Y T 3aK3Hl/HB3Tb Ha CJIe]I.YIO-
TOJlbKO KOJIO,n:KY, 110]I.CTaBKY )l{e OHli 1-'0
llI.eM 3aH5ITHH.
BonpoCbI:
1. I(aKoBo 3HaIJeHHe HHCTPYKUHOHHOIi KapTbl AJlII H3rOTOBJleHHII H3AeJlHH? liTO
B Hell oTpaiKeHo?
2. B qeM COCI'OIIT TpYA I'eXHOJlOra cOBpeMeHHoro npoH3Bo.n;cTBa?
BonpocbI:
I. KaK pa3MeTHTb mecTllyrOJlbHIIK? nJloXo np'ffKJJeIiBaIOTcH .n;eI'aJJH?,
2. flotleMY K TOpl\eBoMY cpe3Y ApeBeclIHbl
S A H 51 T If E 13
H3roT0BJ1EHI1E AETAJIER nlOnHTPA
fIJlaa S8aHTHR"
3 A Lt A H t1 E 14
C60PKA H OTAEJIKA nlOnHTPA
Y'IellHall 3a,!\a'la
OIl'beKT TPYJ18
Conep )l(aliHe
npliMeqaHHe
nJJaH 3aHHTIIH
CaMOCI'OiITeJJbHaii ITlOnHTp
paGoTa no 113rOTOB-
JleHll10 npll3MaTHqe-
CKOH AeTaJJIl
I. ITpaKTHqeCKaH paGo-
Ta IlIKOJlbH HKOB no 113ro-
TOBJJellll1O npll3MaTllqeCKOH
AeTaJJH (no.u;CTaBKII) H
My<jJTbl
2. IToJJ:BeAeHHe, HTorOB
3aHHl'HH
Y'le6Ha" 3a;!aqa
OtheKT TPYJ18 I
Co;!ep)l(aHlle
ITp'HMeqan!le
XO)J. 33HSlTHSI
3aKpe r IJJellile YM':!- nion HTP
HHH H HaBbIKOB.
WKOJfbllltKOB BOT-
lleJJKe H311e,1I1ll JJa-
KaMH H KpaCKaMH
03f1aKOMJJeHHe C
OTlleJIKOH 113AeJJHH
B npOIl3BOACTBeH-
HbIX YCJJOBIIHX, C
YCTpoiicTBOM _ H
npHHUlinOM JlellCI'-
BIIH npHcnoc06JJe-
1I11r"1 1l. H HaHeceHHH
KpaCIITeJJeH paclII,\'
JJeHlleM
1. 0 meJJKa 113ACJlHil B
YCJJOBIIHX npoll3BollcTBa
2. rIpHcnoc06JJellilii 1l.1iI
H aHeceHHH KpaCIITeJJeH pac-
nblJJellHeM .
3. flpo<jJecclI!I OTJleJlOq-
Horo npoH3 Bo llcTBa
4. flpaKTllqeCKaii pa60-
Ta IllKOJJbHHKOB no c60p-
Ke II 01AeJJKe 11311eJJIIH
5. flollBeAeHHe HTorOB
060 P Y II 0 13 11 II If e: 3arOT0I3KH, JlHlleAKa, KapaHAarn, yrOJJbHHK, peilcMYc,
Py6aHoK, llIJ1n<jJoB aJJbHble IlIKYPKH.
Ha 9TOM 3aHH'THH Yl/alll.HeCH H3I'O'TOBJIHIOT nO]I.CTaBKY JI.JIH nIOI1HT-
pa. TexHOJI'oI'HH ee H3I'OTOBJleHHH HM 3HaKOMa.- aHaJlOI'H'IHbIM 0'110-
0060M OHH H3I'OTaBJIHBaJlH CH]I.eHbe ]I.er'OKOI'O cryJlb'lHKa, CKJleHBaH
, -ero H3 cpaHe:pbJ. TaK )j{e KaK H B npe,n:bIJJ;YllI.eM CJIY'lae, HY)I{HO Bepx-
HHe H HH)j{HHe JlnCTbI B3HTb u.eJlbHbIMH, 3 Me)j{,,lI,Y HHMI1 nOJIO)j{HTb
06pe3KH cpa HepbI pa3J1H'lHOH JIlH'PHHbI (!HO O]I.HHaKOBbIe no TOJIllI.H-
He).
DoeJIe CKJleHBarHHH, B OCTaBJIleeCH BpeMH, Y'laIIJ.HeCH npHlcTynalOT
K 113I'OrOBJIeHHIO KOJIO,lI,KH, C rrOMOlIJ.blO KOTOpOH npOIl3BO,lI,I1TCH CKpen-
JIeHl1e HOTHOI'O llI.HTKa co CTOIIKoIr. KOJIOJJ;KY u.eJIeC006pa3HO ,lI,eJIaTb
%3 6ep,e3bI HJlH 6YKa, Ta,K KaK mia 6YJJ;eT He,CTH ,lI,OBOJIbHO 3Ha'lH-
Te. I WH¥1O HarpY3KY.
DpH H3I'OrOBJIe'HHH MYCPTbI Heo6xo,lI,HMO 06parHTb BHHM3:HHe Ha
pacnOJIO)l{eHl1e CJIOeB ,lI,peBeCHHbJ. CTaBHTbKOJIO,lI,KY eJIe,lI,yer TaK,
(lT06bI OHa corrpHKaeaJIaCb C HOTHbIM llI.HTKOM, KaK nOKa3aHO Ha l/ep-
Te)j{e, JJ;JlH 06eOne'Ie.HHH 60Jlee npOl/HOrO OOeJI.HHeHHH ee c cpaHepOH
284
0 60 P Y Jl 0 B a H He: TeTpaAb, rOTOBble JleTaJJIl H31leJJlliI, KJJeH, ( KHHIIKa, CTa e "
CTH KpaCKa 9MaJJeBaH HJJII BO,!1Hbl
MeeKa, py6aHoK, ) IlIJJH<jJOB e a rn bH H b e le y IlI C TK p aK JJH' HaHeceHHH KpaCHTeJJeii pacnblJle
KpaCHleJJH II JJaK , npoCT H ' ,
HHeM,
XO,lI, 3aHSI,THSI
OT]I.eJIKa H3,lI,eJIHH H3 lLpeBeCHHbl B npOH3BO]I.CTBeHHbJX YCJIOBHHX
npOH3BO,lI,HTCH B Or,lI,eJIOl/HbIX u.exax c nOMOlll.blO cneu.HaJIbHOI'O 060-
,lI,OBaHHH. OT,lI,eJIKa HY)I{Ha JI.JIH roro, l/T06bI npH,n:aTb H3,lI,eJIHIO
o Y TIee l<p aCI1BbIH BH]I. n p e,lI,OXp3HHTb rrOBepXHOCTb H3,lI,eJlH OT B"lHH-
v J , . JIarl1 ) OveCrrel/!Jl'b
HI1H BHeJIlHI1X YCJIOBI1H (CBeTa, B03JI.yxa, B, ,
:285
PHC. 141. nOJlHpOBaJJbHblH CTaHOK.
-
C BbITHIKHbIMH YCTpOHCTBaMH, Ta'K KaK MeJIbtlaHIDHe KaneJIbKR KpaC-
KI1 HJ1H JIaKa 3RCOpSlIOT B03JJ;YX nOMelll.eHHS1.
OTJI;eJlKOH H3,'I,eJlHii 3aHS1TO MHoro pa6o'IHx pa3,1H'IHbIX onell.HaJIb-
Honeii. ill AucpoeQAbU{UKU, KOTolpbIe C nOMoUtblO lIIJIH<p0BaJ1bHbIX
CTaHKOB nO,'I,rOTaBJ1HBaIOT nOBcpxHOCTb H3,'I,eJ1l1S1 K nOK,pbITH10. Ma-
AJlpbl, HaHoCS1II.J.He KpacKY Ha nOBepXHocTb H3,'I,emIS1. KCTaTH, TPY.!I:
Ma,'lS1pa COC1'OHT He TOJlbKO B TaM, 'IT06bI OKYHYTb KHCTb B KpaCKY
H HaHeC"rH ee Ha nOBepXHOCTb H3,'I,eJ1HS1. KBaJIl1<pHlI.HpOBaHHbIii pa6o-
tlHii 3TOii Cnell.HaJlbHOCTH ,'I,OJ1lKeH 3HaTb, KaK 06e0CM0J1I1Tb peBe-
CHHY (B npOTHBHOM CJlY'Iae KpaCKa He n,pHCTaHeT K CMOJ1S1HbIM Y'Ia-
CTKaM), KaK COCT3BHTb COOTBeTCTBYlOllI.Hi'I l'PYHT, 'IT06bI H3pacxo-
.!I:OBaTb MeHblIIe KpaCKII Ii o6ecne'IliTb npOqHOe nOKpIHHe, KaK
3a,'I,eJ1arb ,n:e<peKTbI ,'I,peBeCHHbI, Y,'I,aJ1liTb BOpC C nOBepXHOCTH, pa3-
BeCTH KpacKy HYIKHoro lI.BeTa, YMeJIO HaHeCTl-I ee Ha nOBepXHOCTb
.!I:,peBeCHHbI H MHoroe ,n.Pyroe. flOAupoeU{UKU, nOJlHPYlOllI. He nOBepx-
HOCTb ,'I,peBe,CH'HbI. DOJ1HpOBllI.HK nOJ1HpyeT H3,'I,eJ1HH He TOJ1b1KO BPY'I-
HYIO HO H Ha Cnell.Ha,'lbHbIX CTaHKax (pHC. 141).
TaKaH 6ece,'I,a a BH,'I,aX OT,'I,eJlO'IHbIX nOKPblTHH, a cnoc06ax HX
HaHeceHHS1, 06 OT,'I,eJIKe B npoH3Bo,'I,Cl'BeHHblX YCJlOBHS1X H 0 pa60T-
HHKax OT,'I,eJ1a'IHOrO npOH3BO,'I,CTBa He opS13areJ1bHO ,'I,OJ1IKHa Ha'IH-
HaTbCS1 B Ha'Ia.'le 3aHS1THH. MOlKeT CJ1Y'IHTbCS1 raK, 'ITO pac.cKa3 06
3TOM lI.eJIecoo'6pa3Hee npOBe1C1'H B Cepe,'I,UHe 3aHHTHS1 HJ1H B 3aKJ1IO
'IeHHe, B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT T,oro, HaCKOJ1bKO y,'I,aCTCS1 CBS13aTb ero c
npaKTH'IeCKOH pa601'Oii Y'Ialll.HXCS1. TaK, HanpHMer:, eC.7IH 3 HS1THe
Ha'IHHaeTCH C BbJnOJ1HeHHH OT,'I,eJ10'IHbIX pa60T BceH rpynnoH Y'I3.-
llI.HXCH HJIH 60JIbIllHHCTBOM, 6ece,'I,y lI.e.7I,e,co06pa3Hee npoBecTH B
Ha'IaJIe 3aHHTHH. ECJIH lKe Y'Ialll.HMCH npe.!l:CTOHT 3aBeplIIeHHc
OT,lI,eJlbHbIX .z:r;eTaJIeH, HX coopKa, a nOTOM OT,n:eJiKa, TO n06ece-
.!I:OBaTb 06 OT.z:r;eJIKe JIY'Illie Henocpe.z:r;cTBeHHo nepe.z:r; ee BbInOJIHC-
HHeM.
PHC. 140. YCTpoHcTBa JJ:JlH oKpacKH paCnblJleHHeM.
B03MOIKHOCTb ObICTporo yJJ;aJleHHH C ero nOBepXHOCTli nbIJIH Ji
rpS13H.
Pa3J1H'IaIOT ,'I,Ba BH.z:r;a OT,'I,eJIKH H3,'I,eJIHii: n po 3 p a q H Y 10 H
He np 0 3,p a q II Y 10. 113-noJJ; np03palJHOH OT,'I,eJIKH XOpOillO BH,'I,Ra
TeKCTypa ,'I,peBeCHHbi. Dp03pa'IHb1e nOKpblTl1S1 nOJ1Y'IaIOT, HCn0J1b3YS1
MaCJ1S1Hble H c.nHpToBble .TIaKH. J13-1I0,Il, He,np03palJIIOii OT,'I,eJIKH, KO-
TopaS1 BbInOJIHHerCS1 KpaCKaMI1 IIa MaCJ1HIIOH IIJlIJ IIHTpoocHoBe, CJlOH
JI.peBeCHHbI He I3H,'I,Hbi. Henp03palJIIbIMH MIKaMH IJ KpaCKaMH no-
, KpbIBalOT naBepXHOCTb H3,'I,eJlHii, H3l'OTOBJIe 1 HHbIX H3 COpTOB ,'I,peBe-
HHbI, He 06JIa,'I,alOII.J.eH KpaCHBoii TeKCTYPoH.
J13raTOBJIeHl1e H3,'I,e.TIHii, KOTopble 6y,n:yr nOKpbIBaTbCH np03paQ-
HbIMI1 nOKpbITI1S1MH, Tpe6Y:T aT pa60'Iero 60J1blIIOrO MacTepcTBa.
Be;!!b eCJIH nepe,'I, nOKpacKoH 113,'I,eJ1HS1, Hanpl1Mep, VlaCJIS1HOH Kpac-
KOI1 BbI60HHbI Ha ero nOBepxHoCTH, l'pelll.HHbI H ,'I,pyrl1e ,'I, e<peKTbl
MOIKHO 3aIllnaKJ1eBaTb, Ta npH np03pa'IHOH OT,'I,eJlKe nOBe,pxHocTb
1I3JJ;eJUIH ,Ll,OJIIKHa 6bITb O'IeHb POBHOii, 6e3 ,'I,ecpeKToB.
Kpac,KH H JIaKH Ha nOBepxHocTb ,'I,peBe,CHHbI HaHOCHT C nOMOII.J.blO
TaMnoHa,KHcTH, paCnbIJleHHeM, oKYHaHHeM.
B npOH3BO.!l:CTBeHHblx YCJ10BHS1X- IllHpOKO npHMeHS1er,cS1 nOKpacKa
H3,'I,eJ11111 MeTO,lI,OM paCnbIJ1eIHHH, npH K01'OpOM J1aK HJIH IKH.!I:KaS1
KpacKa npll nOMOlll.H ClKa'l'OfiO B03,'I,yxa HaHOCH'TCS1 Ha nOBepxHocTb
,H3,'I,eJIHH. DOKpbI"rHe nOJIY'IaeTCS1 pa,BHoMepHbIM, MaTepHaJIa pac-
XO,'I,y,eT,cH MeHbIlle, a npOH3BO,'I,HTeJ1bHOCTb rpy.z:r;a nOB'bIIllaeTcS1 B 5--
10 pa3.
YCTpoHCTBa npHcnoc06JleHHH .z:r;mI paCIIbIJIeHHS1 nOKa3aHbI Ha PH-
CYHKe 140. CaMo no ce6e OHO HeCJIOIKHO, HO Tpe6yeT KOMnpeccopHoH
YCTanoBKH AJlS1 ClKaTHH B03JJ;yxa H, KpoMe Taro, cnell.l1aJIl>iHbIX KaMep
286
221
YqeHlIKIl C06lIpalOT 1I3JJ;e.nlIe, nOKpbIBalOT ero JlaKOM (HOTHbIil
llI.IITOK II CTOHKY) 11 3MaJIeBOH KpaCKOH (nOJJ;CTaBKY). TaK me KaK H
Ha npeJJ;bIJJ;YllI.IIX 3aH5!TH5!X no OTJJ;e.nKe 1I3JJ;e.nIIH, nOKpbITlle .naKOM
npOII3BOJJ;I1TCH Ha pa60qHX MeCTax, HaHeceHlle MaCJlHHbIX 3Ma.neH-
lIa CnelJ.lIa.nbHO OTBeJJ;eHHOM MeCTe, no Mepe Toro KaK yqallI.lIeCH 3a-
KaHqlIBalOT nOJJ;rOTOBKY 1I3JJ;e.nIIH K OTJJ;e.nKe.
BonpocbI:
MeTOJJ;l1qeCKOe pellleHl1e nOCTaB.neHHbIX np06.'1eM reoHO CBH3aHO
C OT60 1 pOM 06'beKTOB TpYJJ;a. B npl1BeJJ;eHHbIX Hl1iKe ypoKax yqallI. e.cSI
H31'0TOB.nHIOT pyqKI1 n:.'1H X03HHCTBeHHoro COBKa, YlllKH Ha eCHbIe.
paMKH lllKOJlbHOH HO)!(OBKH, npyiKHHHbIe ,!{HHaMOMeTpbI n:.n51 Ka6 He-
1'a <j>113I1KI1. Ha npl1Mepe 113NY1'OB.neHtIiSI 3THX npeJJ;Me1'OB 11 pac pbI-
nalOl''.CH <j>OpMbI 11 MeTon:bI 113yqeHHH TeXHO.norl1qeCKI1X onepaI.UfH If
npl106peTeHI1H reXHl1qeOKHx 3HaHI1H 11 YMeHI1H, npeJJ;YCM01'peHHbIX
nporpaMMOH; pa3BI1Tae TeXHl1qeCKOrO MbIlll.ne.HHH H KOHCTPYK1'OpCKHX
cnoco6HOCTeH y lllKOJIbHHKOB.
npl1 BbIno.nHeHHI1 yqe6HbIX 3aJJ;aHHH: CraBIll'CH 3aJJ;aqa .n03HaK
MI1Tb I1X C OCHRCTKOH no B03MOm: ' HOCTH 6.n113KOH no CBoeMY xapaK-
tepy H con:epmaHHIO K npOH3BOJJ;CTBeHHOH. liMeHHO Hcno.nb30BaHlfe
npl1,onoc06.neHHH JJ;aeT B03MomHOCTb c,!{e.naTb nOCI1JIbHbIM n:JIH yqa-
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TaJIJIOM rrpOBO.1J;FfTCH JIa60pa1'OpHaS'l pa6oTa.
292
29.1
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6aTbIBaeMOH .lI.eTaJIH HS
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TblBaeMoro MeTaJIJIa: lI.JIH
TBeplI.bIX MeTaJIJIOB 60-
70°, lI.JlH Cpe.ll.HHX-50-
60°, .lI.JIH MHrKHx-30-50°.
OepBoH npaKTHQeCKOH
pa6OToH, cBH3aHHoH C pya-
KOH CopToBoro MeTaJlJIa,
MOlKeT 6b1Tb H3rOTOBJleHHe
pyqK!I X03HHCTBeHiIOrO COB-
Ka (pHC. 142) - npe.ll.MeTa,
BbInOJlHHe1\lOrO 113 >KeCTH
yqeHHKaMH V KJIaCCa.
Ha npHMepe H3roTOB-
JlHeMOrO H3.l1.eJlHH YQaUJ.HM- PHC. 143. Py6Ka JlHCTOBOfO MeTaJlJla 11 TIICKa1C.
CH nOKa3bIBalOT npHeMbI
py6KH JIHCTOBOro MeTaJlJIa TOJIW.HHOH 2-3 MM B THCKax no YPOB-
HIO ry(5oK (pHC. 143). MeTO.ll.HKa .lI.eMOHCTpauHH cJIe.ll.YIOw.aSl:
1) npoBepHIoT ITpHrO.ll.HOCTb JIHCTOBOro MeTaJlJIa no pa3MepaM;
2) pa3MeQalOT 3aroToBKy npH nOMOUJ.H qepTHJIKH H MacIIITa6HoH
JI'!ItHeHJKH;
3) 3a)KHMaIOT 3aroTOIBKy B THCKax;
4) 6epYT B JIeBYIO PYKY 3y6HJIO, B npaBYIO MOJIOTOK; 3y6HJlO
OXBaTb1'BalOT BceMH naJlbuaMH PYKH Ha pa 1 0C1'OHHHH 20-25 JUM OT
rOJIO<BKH; MOJlOTOK .lI.epiKaT He .lI.aJIee 20-30 JUM OT KOHua pytIKH;
5) y.cTaHaBJIHBaIOT 3y6HJIO Ha H3.l1.eJlHH no.ll. yrJIOM 30° K ropH-
30HTaJIbHOH: nJIOCKOCTH ry60'K THCKOB H no.ll. yrJIOM 45° K 3arOTOBxe;
6) Y.ll.apHIOT MOJIOTKOM no. rOJIOBKe ay6HJIa; nepecTaBHB 3y(5HJlO
Ha HOBoe MeeTO, nOBTopHlOT Y.ll.ap;
7) npO.ll.OJIiKalOT py6K'y TaK!lM o6pa30M .lI.O Tex nop, nOKa O'I1PY-
oaeMaH nOJIOeKa He OTCKOqHT OT 3al'OTOBKH npH nerKOM Y.lI.ape MO-
1I0TKOM no ee pe6py;
8) nOJIO)KHB 3y5!1J10 !I MOJIOTOK Ha BepcTax, pa3iK'HMalOT THCKR
H BblHHMalOT OCTaTOK JIHCTOBOro MeTaJIJIa.
t..{TOOb1 H3(5elKaTb CJIyqaeB TpaBMaTH3Ma, npH py5Ke MeTaJIJIa He-
06XO HMO 005J1IO.lI.aTb MepbI npe DcTopOiKHOCTH. Y aUJ.HxcH 3HaKO-
YqHTeJIb non.rOTOBJIHeT 18-20 Ha50poB 05pa3uoB, COCTOHW.HX
"3 npYTKOBOH, nOJIOCOBOH H .'1eHTOqHOH CTaJIH. )KeJlaTeJIbHO HMeTb
B Ha50pe OTpe3KH npYTKo.Boro MeTaJIJIa KBa.ll.paTHOro, KpyrJIoro H
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eTBe yKJIa.ll.KH 05b14HO H'CnOJlb3yIOT Hlll.HKH 6e3 KpblllleK. TaKofi HUJ.HK
e <fJaHepHbIM 1I.OIlbIIIIKOM pa3MepoM (BHYTpeHH!lM) 200-250XI20-
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X 16 MM.
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nO.ll.4epKHYTb, qTO rpe60Ba HHH, KOTo.pble npe,n:1>HBJIHlOTCH K YCTPOi'I-
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0,001 MM.
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npaBKH npOil3BO,'l,HT Ha r.JIas.
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LI.JIH norD CHall3Jl3 Be.ll.YT Onl1J1'HB3HHe, HanpHMep, CJleBa H3npaBO
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341
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23. 3aKa3 2374.
353
XO,ll. 3aHSlTHH
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3HaKOMHT yqaill.LlX'CH C npliHlI.HrrOM .n.eHCTBHH H y,cTpoilCTBOM npO'CTO-.
ro 9JIeKTpOMarHHTHOrO peJIe, npe.n.Ha3HaqeHHOrO .n.JIH BKJIlOlJeHl1H H
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3. BCTaBliTb o.n.HoBpeMeHHo B KarywKY H B cpe.n.Hee oTBepcrHe
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(.n. eTa .7Jb 6) BO BTopoe oTBepcTHe OCHOBaHHH np0.n.eTb npoBo.n.; Ha-
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B pyq'KY (.n.eraJIb 8). BblKJIlOqaTeJlb n'pl1Kpenl1Tb K pYI.IKe, a OCHOBa-
Hl1e K 600blIllKe (.n.eTa,'1b 7) IllY'Py,rraMH.
6. 3a p5I..'I,l1Tb Bl1JIKY.
TIocJIe TOro KaK l13.n.eJIl1e 6y.n.er OKOHqaTeJIbiHO co'6paHo, Y'1HTe.nb
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npOBepHeTcH B03MO)!{HOCTb n,pHMeHeHl1H YQaIll.liMl1CH CBOl1X 3HaHHH
K TeXHlitJeCKl1M 06'beKTaM. Ha 9TOM npli60pe MO HO He TOJIbKO 3a-
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nepexo.n. K liCrrOJIb30BaHl11O 9JIeKTpOMa HeTl13Ma B aBTOMaTl1qeCKHX
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KpaTKO 06'bHCH5IeTCH npl1HlI.Hn .n.eHCTBl1H l1 ycrpoHc'TBO 9JIeKTplI-
qeCKOrO 3BOHKa. ,1J.JIH noro Ha .n.ocKe HY)KHO HaqepTliTb KpynHblM
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KHOTIKY 3BOHKa - BKJIIQlJaeM lI.e 11 b. 4e{Je3 KarYIllKY l1.n.eT 9JleKTpliqe-
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KY, lIT06bI Ka)!{JI.0e 3aMbIKaHH,e I.J:errH BblKJIlOlIaTeJIeM Bbl3blBaJIO TOJIb-
KO O'JI.HH YJI.ap MOJIOTOliKa 0' lIaIIIKY 3BOHKa? HapHCOBaTb cxeMY.
2. npH HaMOTKe KaryilleK He06xoLI.HMO 3HaTh LI.Ha!>feTp HMelO-
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3. KaK onpeJI.eJIHTb JI.JIHHY rrpOBOJIOKH KaTYIIIKH, HaMOTaHHOH B
O'LI.HH CJIO'H, He pa3MaTbIBa5I ee?
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361
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H. JJ.. JI e B II T 0 B. nCHXOJlOrH!I Tpy)!.a. M., Y'me)!.rH3, 1963.
B KHHre 3Ha'lIlTeJJbHoe MeCTO 3aHII la1OT BonpOCbI AHllaMHKH TPYAoBoro npo-
u,ecca. nCHXOJIOrHIl H BbI60pa npo<jJeccIIH; 3AeCb pacKpbIBalOTcH nCHXOJIOrHqeCKH6
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KOIICTpYKTOPCIWH AeHTeJIbHOCTH.
«BonpocbI nCHXOJlOfHH cnoco611ocTeii IlIKOJlbHHKOB». C5. CTaTei\, TIoA pe)!..
B. A. K P Y T e u K 0 r o. M., «TIpoCBew.eHHe», 1964.
Ony6JIHI\OBaHHbIe II C60pHHKe CTaTbH D. TI. HHKHTlIH8 «OnblT 06"beKTHBHoi\
OU,eHKH ypOIlH!I pa3BHTHH TeXHH'leCKHX cnoc06HoCTeH lUKOllbHHKOB»; TI. M. 51 K06 ;
COHa «TeXHH'leCKlle clloc06HOCTH H I1X H3yqeHHe Y yqaw.HxcH»; H. TI. JIUHbKOBOIl
«I( 1I0npocy 0 npocTpancTBeHlIoM MbIIIIJJeHHH» H Apyrnx al3TOpOB lIerrocpeAcTBeHHo
pa36HpalOT BonpocbI pa3BI1THH TIIOpqeCKOH pa60Tbl yqaw.HxcH 110 TeXHHKe.
A. B. TI e T pOll C K H ii. Cnoco6HoCTil II TPYA. M., «3HaHHe», 1966.
ABTOp B YBJleKaTeJIbHOH OqepKOBOH <jJopMe AaeT OnpeAeJIelme 1I0H!lTHH «cno-
C06HOCTb», «TaJIaHT», «reHHaJIbHOCTb»; HCCJIeAyeT yCJIOBHH TPYAOBOH )!.eHTeJlb-
HOCTH. npH KOTOpblX npoHcxoAHT pa3BHTHe cnocof)HocTeH H TaJJaHTa.
«ne)!.arOrH'leCKHe OCHOBbi Tpy)!.oBoro 06Y'leHII!I B o6111,e06pa30BaTeJlblloii
IIIKOJle». C5. cTaTeH. TIoA pe)!.. K, A. YI B a HOB H 'l a H JJ.. A. :3 n 111 T e i\ H a.
M.. «TIpocBew.eHHe», 1968.
B KHHre, II qaCTIIOCTH, oCBew.aIOTCH BonpocbI COAepMaIlHH, MeTOllOB H <jJOpM
TpYAoBoro nOJIHTeXHHqeCKOro 06yqeHHH; TpYAoBoe 06yqeHHe II I-VIII KJIaCCaX;
npo<jJeccHOHaJIbHaH opHeHTall,HH II npou,ecce TpYAoBoro 06yqeHIlH.
«OCHOBbi )!.H)!.aKTHKII». TIo)!. peA. B. TI. E C H n 0 B a. M" «TIpoCBew.eHHe:t,
1967.
B KlfHre OCBew.aeTCH cpaBHHTeJIbHO nOJIHbIH Kpyr AHAaKTUqeCKHX np06JJeM,
B03HHKWIIX B nOCJIeAIIHe rOAbi. Ee COAepMalIlleM !!BJIflIOTCH, rJIaBHblM 06pa30M,
BonpOCbl 06yqeHIIH If 06pa30BaHHH B MaCCOBOH 061llc06pa30BaTeJJbHOH lUKOJJe.
«BonpocbI nOJJHTeXHH'IeCKOrO o6Y'leHH!I B cpeAHei\ IlIKOJJe1>. C6. cTaTefi. TIo,tl.
peA. E. K. K 0 p q H H C KO r 0 H rI. 11. C TaB C K 0 r o. 113A. MUIIHCTepCIBa npo-
cBew.eHHH PC<l>CP, POCTOBCKorO-Ha-JJ.OHY rOCYAapCTBeHlIoro neAarorfllieCKoro HH-
CTIITYTa. POcToB'Ha-JJ.oHY, 1967.
B C60pHIIKe paccMaTpHBaeTcS! pHA <jJYHAaMeHTaJIbHbiX BonpocoB, CBH3aHHblX
C nocTpoellHeM CHCTeMbI nO.1HTeXHHqeCKHX 3HaHHH B cpeAHeH WKOJI.e Ija cOBpe-
MeHHOM 9Tanc.
«MeToAHKa 3aHIITIIH B IlIKOJlbHblX MacTepcKHx». TIoA pe)!.. A. r. JJ. y 6 0 B a.
M., «TIpoCBew.eHHe». 1966.
B KHHre OCBelllaIOTC!! 06 BonpocbI MeTOAHKH 3allHTHH B WKOJIbHblX Ma-
CTepCl(!lX, a TaKMe MeTOAHKa npenoAaBaHHS! OTAeJIbHbiX TeM TpYAoBoro 06yqeHH!I
B V-VIII KJIaCcax. .
«BonpocbI MeTOAHKII TpYAoBoro o6Y'leHH!I». C6. CTaTeH. TIeA pe)!.. A. r. JJ. y-
60 B a. HI1I1 TpYAoBoro 06yqeUHH H npo<jJeccHOHaJIbHOH 0pHeHTau,HH ATIH CCCP.
M.,1970.
B C60PHHK BOlUJiH CTaTbH, HCCJIeAYIOw.lle <jJOpMbi H MeTOAbI TpYAoBoro 06y-
qelIlIH 13 IV-VIII K.laccax no HOBbIM nporpaMMaM. B IIX IJHCJIe: «<I>opMHpoBallllC
TeXHHKO-TeXHOJJOrH'ieCKHX 311allHli H YMeHHH Ha ypOKax TPYAa» EBrpaqJOBa B. <1>..
«TIpHCI1ocolj, eHHH ua 3allHTH5IX B WKO.1bHbIX MaCTepCKHX» 4HpKOBa B. <1>., «CHere-
Ma 9JJe!(TpOTeXHHqeCIHIX pa60T Ha 3aHHTIIHX no TpYAY» JIHcoBa JI. A., «0 JJa60-
paTOpHb!X pa60Tax Ha ypoKax TeXIfHqCCKOrO TpYAa B V-VI KJIaCcax» rIq}O-
Ba B. A., «TeXHlJ1leCKaH 3aAa'Ia Ha 3aHHTH5IX B IIIKOJIbHblX MaCTepCKHX»
3eepa 3. <1>., «9.1eMeHTbl TeXIII1qeCKOH 9creTHKH B TPYAOBOM 06yqeHHl1» HBaHo-
Ba 10. 11. HAP.
«TpYAOBoe BocnHTaHHe Y'laI1l,HXC!I V-VIII KJlaCCOB». OnbiT HpaBCTBellHOH
nOArOTOBKH lUKOJIbHHKOB K TPYAY. C5, CTaTeH. TIo)!. peA. JI, 11. HOB It K 0 B 0 i\.
M., «TIpoCBew.eHHe», 1967.
B C60pHHKe oTpaMeH 06061lleHHbIli onblT p!!Aa JlyqlllHX Y'lHTeJIeH lUKon pa3-
JIHqHbiX 06J1aCTei\ H Kpaell POCCHHCKOH <l>e)!.epau,HH no BonpocaM: TPyAoBorO BOC-
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nHTaHIHI B Up0ll,eCCe n03HaBaTeJ1bHoii AeflTe.IJbHOCTIi yqaIl\HXCH; BOCnliTaHHH B
rrpOll,eCCe 06Y'Ie1lHfI TPYAy; BHeKJ1aCcHOi'r TBOpqeCKoi\ AeHTe. bIlOCTIi lIlKOJ1bHIiKOB;
OpraHH3all,HH 0611leCTBeHII0 n0J1e3HOrO TPYAa; 130CnIiTaTeJ1bHoi'r pa60TbI C nOAPocr-
KaMI! B CBfl3H C nOAroTOBKOi'r K Bb!60PY npo<jJeCCI!H.
B. 11. 1< a q II e B H B. K. III n a K 0 B. TeXHliqeCKOe MOAeJlHpOBaHHe Ha 3aH!I-
TH!lX B yqe6Hb!X MaCTepCKHX. M" «I1pocBellleHHe», 1968.
B KHure co.n:epMaTcH MeTOAII'JeCKHe YKa3allHH no TeXIiH'leCKoMY MOAeJ1upOBa-
HIlIO B lIlKOJ1bHb!X MacTepC!mX, npl1BelleHb! '1epTe)!{H MOAeJJeii, HX npHHlI,Hnl!aJ1bHbTe
n K!meMaTHl/eClme CXeMb!; Ha HCKOTOpb!e Mo.n:eml llaHb! TeXH0J10rHqeCKHe KapTbl.
B noc06HH HaCqHTbfBaeTCH 55 MOAeJ1ei\, npH60poB H llpyrHx YCTpoiicTB, conpo-
BO)!{,T(3eMb!X KpaTKHMH OfHlcaHHHMII H 168 pucYIIKaMIi H qepTC)Kal\!II., ,
B. l1. K a q H e B. 06yqeHile KOHCTpYlipoBaHli1O Ha ypoKax TPYAa. M., cITpo-
cBellleHHe», 1965.
IJ:eJ1b!O llaHHOH KHHfH HBJ1HeTCH OKa3aHne n paKTHqeCKOfl nOl\JOIllIi yqHTeJ1HM
TpyAoBoro 06Y'IeHHH B Bonpocax BOCUHTaHHH Y lllKO.1bHHKOB TeXHHqeCKOrO MbI!U-
JleHUH, 9,leMeHTOB KOHCTPYKTOpcKo-TeXH0J10fHqeCKHx 3HaHHn Ii YMeHIiH B npo-
l\ecce 3aIlHTHi'r B yqe611bIX MacTepcKllx.
«TexHH'lecKoe TBOp'leCTBO WKOJlbHHKOB:t. CocTaBHTeJJb A. A. M Ii X a ii JI 0 B.
M., «I1pocBefl('HIH'», 1969.
B KIIHre OCBCll(aIOTCH HeKoTopble MeTOAHl/eCKHe OCHOBbr pat50TbI no pa3BHTfnO
AeTCKoro TeXIII1'1eCKOrO TBOpqeCTBa, BonpOCbI ee opr3HH3all,HII. Olla 3HaKOMI1T C
nepeAoBblM Onb!TOM pa50Tb! Y'l!lTeJJeii MOcKBbl.no opraHH3all,ml TBOpqeCKoi\ AeJ!-
TeJ1bHOCTH WKOJ1bHHKOB Ha ypOKax Tpy,'l,a II B TeXHliqeC!{HX KPYMKax pa3J1I1'IHOrO
npo<jJHm1.
A. K. Be 1Il e H K 0 B. 060PYAoBaHHe IlIKOJlbHbrX MaCTepCKHX. I1ocot5He AlIfI
yqIiTeJJei\. M., ITpocBew.eHHe, 1967.
ITepelloBOrl Ol1bIT Y'lHTeJ1eH TpYAoBoro 06Y'leHHfI no opraHH3all,HIi pa60T B
IlIKOJ1bHbIX MacTepcKHX 06061lleH B KIIHre B BHAe 061llHX nellarOrHqeCKHx Tpet5o-
BaHHi'r K 060PYAoBaHHlO Y'le6Hb!X MacTepcKHx. 3;J;ecb Me Aallbl peKOMellJJ:all,liH no
OCHaw.eHHIO MaCTepCKHX AJ1H 06pa60TKH ApeBeCHHbl H MeTaJ1J10B, no Oprall!13all,H!I
pa60qero MeCTa Y'lall erOCH Ii Yl/HTeJJfI, no Hall60J1ee pal(HOllaJJbllOMY pa3.Me!lI,eHHlO
ot5°pYAOBaIIHH; C0061llaeTCH nepel/eHb He06xOAIIMfilX HarJ1H;J:HblX I10C06HH. 3Haq!l-
TeJ1blloe MeCTO 3alll!MaeT H3rOTOBJJellHe H!!CTpYMCIITOB, nplicnoc06J1eHHH Ii Har.lf1A-
HblX nOCOUlifI CIIJ1aMII Y'IaIl!HXCH.
B. <1>. 4 H P K 0 B H A. M. HOB II K 0 II. npHcnoc06J1eHH!I Ha SaH1lTH!lX no
TpYAY. M., «ITeAarOrHKa», 1970.
B noc06HH paccMaTpHBaIOTcfI BonpoCbI HCnOJJb30BaHHH Ha 3aHHTliHX B V-
VIII KJ1aCCax pa3J1HqHb!X npHcnoc06J1eHHH, KaK TexHO'10rHqeCKIiX, TaK II npHCUo-
C06J1eHHi'r-Tp.eHaMepoB, Heo6xOAHMb!X AJJH 06yqeHlifi TPYAOBbl'd Onepall,HflM. OUIi-
'callo HeCKOJlbKO npHcnoc06J1eHUH TOro Ii APyroro BHAa, AaHbI MeTOAHqeCKlie pe.
KOMeHAallwd no ux npHMeHeHHIO Ha 3aHflTlifiX.
H. JJ.. 0 e JJ 51 K 0 B Ii H. E. IJ: e H T JJ H H. BHeKJlaCCHbie 3aHflTH!I no TPYAY.
M., «ITpoCBeTneHHe», 1969.
B KHHre AaHbI npaKTliqeCKHe peKOMeHAall,1i1i oTHOCHreJ1bHOCOAepMaHHfI, op-
raHH3aUHH Ii MeTOAOB Blleyqe6Hoi\ pa60TbI no TPYAy C MJ1allWHMIl IIlKOJ1bHHKaMH.
DOJ1bllJoe KO.1HqeCTBO qepTe)j{eH, PHCYHKOB H onHcaHIiH npHeMoB J!3rOTOBJ1eHHfI
pa3.1H'IHbIX 1i3AeJiIiH, nOAP06HblH MeTOAHqeCKHH 0630p MaCCOBblX <jJOPM BHeKJJaC-
HOfI pa60Tbl, HaJ1liqHe pa3Ho06pa3HbIX Ii AocTynHblx AJ1f1 HCn0J1b30BaHlifi B yc-
JlOBHHX WKOJ1b1 TeXHHQeCKHX 'pell,enTOB AeJ1aJOT KHHry n0J1e3HblM noc06HeM AJIH
lIlJ1pOKOro KPyra YQHTeJ1ei\ TPYAa H PYKoBoAHTe.1eH KPYMKOB. .
A. l1. C e pre e B H A. l1. K a J1 0 111 H H. TexHIlKa 6e30naCHocTH Ha ypoKax
TPYAa'B BOCbMHJleTHeH IlIKOJle. IToc06He AJ1H yQHTeJJei\ TpYAa. M., «f1poCBew.e-
IIHe», 1967.
IToc06lie BKJ1IOQaeT B ce6f1 rJ1aBbI, OCBew.aIOw.He BonpocbI: OCHOB npOMbIlIlJ1en-
HOH caHIiTapliH Ii fHrHeHbI TpYlla lIlKOJ1bHHKOB: 061llHX nOJ1QMeHHi\ no OXpaHe
TpYlla; TeXHHKH 6e30naCHOCTH pyQHOi'r H MeXaHHQeCKOH 06pa60TKii MeTa.1J10B II
ApeBeCHHbI; 9J1eKTp06e30naCHOCTH; TeXHHKH 6e30naCHOCTii npH J1HTbe J1erKOUJJa8-
KI1X MeTaJJJlOB Ii CnJlaBOB, 9J1eKTpOCBapKe Ii MeTa. J10nOKpb!TIm; nOMapHoii 6e3-
onaCHOCTH; OKa3aHliH nepBOH nOMow.1i npH CJJyQaHX Tpa8MaTU3Ma Ii APyme..
o e 1Il e H K 0 B AJlb60M 'IepTe}l{eii IlIKOJlbHOrO Y'le(!.
HO-X: II T e :o : O O:YA aIiH!I. ITOC06H AJ1H YQHTeJ1ei\ TpyAoBOro 06Y'IeIlHfI.
M., «f1pocB e w. e H He », 19'68. I 6 noc06Hi'r npH60poB H X03f1i'rcTBeIlHoro
B aJ1b60M BOlll,lli QepTeMIi Y Ie HblX H CH' C AHHX KJ1aCCOB Ha 3aHHTIIflX
HHBeHTapH, KOTopbIe MorYT H3rOTOB HTb l B e lIlKO HbIX MaCTepCKIIX. IToc06He
no TpyAy, a TaKMe BO BlleKJ1aCCHOil p eTO Hl/eCKHe COBeTb! no 113rOTOBJ1eIlIlIO'
BKJ1!OQaeT B ce6H CJ1eAYIOw. He pa3Ae. bI. n caH e 9Toro 060Py.n:OBaIlHH H QepTe)j{H
YQe6HO-X03HHCTBeHHoro 060PyAoBaHHfI, 0 OCTb!X n p eAMeTa Yl/C6HOrO 060pyAoBa.
ero B HeM c06 p aHO 102 cpaBHHTe.1bHO np. 3MH
. 6 MH P lIcYHKaMH H '1epTeM, .
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U B K 0 3 b! P b H IIp. HOBbie KJlaCCHbIe . M U 3 T1-BO AITTi
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PC<I>CP, 1961. UHH KJ1aCCHb!X AOCOK, a TaKMe
A.lb60M cOllepMHT '1epTeMH HOBb!X H OHCTg6;cTaBoK, CTOJ1HKOB, llepMaTe.lei\,
pa3J1J1'!IIb1X Cnell,Ha,lbHbIX nPHCnOCO J1aeTHeJ1HM ( YCTPOHCTB 1l.1H 3aTel\!I!eHHH OKOH
HaCTeIlHb!X peeK, 3a)j{IIMOB K ll.ep HIi H Y'Ie6HbIX 3aHHTI1HX B IllKOJJe KapT,
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KapTHH, Ta6J1I1U, .MOAeJJeIi, M K , X H3 TeXHHQeCKHX YCTPOIICTB B03MOMifO
HarJ1HllHbIX noc06HH. 113roToBJ1eHHe MHorH
B yCJ10BHHX Y'Ie6Hb!X MaCTepCKH CHJ1aMH YI ei : Kllii CJlOBapb WKOJlbHHWc\. ITo.
E, O. IT ell! K 0 B H H. 11. a.A e e B. V-VIII KJJaCCOB. 11311. BTOpoe,
c06He llJ1H npilKTHlleCK!!X 3aHHTliH YQaIllHXC
HCI1p. H Aono. . M., YQITeArH3, 19 6 61. QaCTO npmvleHHeMble B TeXHI1Ke TepMHHbI H
B CJ10Bapb BKJ1!OlfeHbl HaH OJ1ee . 06 a60TKa MeTaJ1J10B, 06pa60TKa ApeBe-
onpelle.lell!IH, OTHOCHIllHeCH K pa3AeJ1aM. H'IeCKHe TepMI1HbI B npHJ1o)j{eIlHHx
CHllb!, 9JIeKTpOTeXlIJlKa.. Qep'leHHe, e:::III1H HHcTPYMeHTaJ1b b!X CTaJ1eH; Bh!6 p
nOMellleHb! MaTepHaJ1bl. 0 MapKax II CT H nOA OCIlOBHbIe Kpene)j{Hble Ii llIOII-
AHaMeTpoB CBepJJ llJJH nO"6''IellilH e B 9 eKTPHllecKlix cxeMax. C.l0Bapb xopowo
MOBble pe3b6bI; YCJ10BHb!e 0 03Ha'l H a H Qe TeM3MH H CXeMaMH.
HJ1J1!OCTpHpoBaH TeXHIIQeCKHM K H PHCY!lK C !V O l B'a p b?cn p aBO'lHHK no 'Iep'leHIlIO. II., «Ma-
C. M. Map K a po B. paTKIIH JI
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COllep)!(HT B ce6e 06"bHClleHHH OK0J10. Qe6HOH J1HTepaType 110 '1epQeHIiIO.
60J1ee '1aCTO BCTpe'la!OIllHXCH B TeX,HHQeC = IOCTPaUHHMH, KOTOpbIX B KHllre
OTlle,lbHhle onpeAeJ1eHHH conpoBO)j{AaIO
iJ.aHO 225. 6 po d.ecclI!lx COCT 10. IT. It Be p H 'I e B. M., «ITpo.
CnpaBO'lHIlK 0 pa O'lHX n 'I' .. .
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KHHra COJl.epMIiT CnpaBO'lHble C llCTHKH 365 npo<jJeccHit, rJ1aBHbIM 06pa30M
X03HHcTBa, a TaKMe KpaTKHe xapaKT p pHBeAeHbI cBeAeHHH 0 cTpy!nype HapOA-
pa60QHx. KpoMe Toro, B CnpaBOQHHK "bHB iJHeMblX K pa60QHM pa3J1HIfHblX npo-
Horo X03HHcTBa, 0 Tpe60BaHHHx, n e oAr TOBKIi 06 oxpaHe TpYlla nOAPocTKOB
--<jJE'CCHH, 0 <jJopMax n ocpeccH 6 0 : b OAe)KH. )laH 1 TaKMe peKOMeHAall,1i1i no Bon.
Ii JlbrOTax AJ1!! ylfallleHCH pa)Q I H .
pocaM, CBH3aHHblM C BbI60pOM npo<jJeCCHH.
364
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3aHHTHe KaK OCHOBHaH <jJOpMa TpYllOBOrO 06yqeHHH
OCHOBHble Tl!nbl 3aIlHTHH .........
f10.n:rOTOBKa H npOBepeHHe 3aHHTHH . . .
f1poBepKa H Oll,eHKa 3HaHHH H YMeHHH yqal.ll,HXCH
3aHHTHH B '1eTBepTOM KJlacce
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llepBoHa'taAbHbte pa60Tbt C OpeBeCUHOCi . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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llepBOHa'laAbHble pa60Tbt C TOHKUM AUCTOBbtM MeTaAAOM U npOBO/IOKOii
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60TKe MeTaJlJlOB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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3allHTI!e 3. 113roTOBJJeHHe Kpyra H3 TOHKoro JJHCTOBOro MeTanila . .
3aHHTHe 4. CrH6aHHe TOHKoro JIHCTOBOro MeTaJlJla 13 npllcnoco6JJeHHHX .
3aHHTHe 5. flpo6HBaliHe oTBepcTHi'r B TOliKOM JlHCTOBOM MeTa.1J1e .
3aHHTHe 6. 06pa6oTKa npOBOJIOKH ............
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BOJlOKH . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . .
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3aHHTHe 3. 06pa60TKa KapToHa
3allHTHe 4. 06pa60TKa 6YMarH .
3aHHTHe 5. MOHTaM 061>eMHbIX H3lleJlHH H3 6YMam H KapToHa
3aHHTHe '6. MOHTaM 061>eMHbIX H3.n:eJlHH H3 6YMarn H KapTOna.
3aHHTliH 7-8. C60pKa H3.n:eJlHi'r, co.n:epMal.ll,HX lleTaJlH H3 pa3Ifblx MaTepHaJlOB
llepBoHa'taAbHbte aAeKTpoJ.tOHTa Hbte pa60Tbt ..........
3aHHTHe 1. YCTPOi'rCTBO Ii pa60Ta cBeTo<jJopa .
3aHHTHe 2. I13roTOBJleHHe KOJlOllOK rOJlOBKH MOlleJlH cBeTo<jJopa
3aHHTHe 3. 9J1eKTpHqeCKaH 9HeprHH B Hapo.n:HOM X03HiicTBe .
3aHHTHe 4. 9.1eKTpHQeCKaH cxeMa Mo.n:eJJH cBeTo<jJopa
3aHHTHe 5. 113roToBneHHe .n:eTaJleH MOlleJlH cBeTo<jJopa .
3aIlHTHe 6. 113roTOBJleHHe .n:eTaJJeH Mo.n:eJlH cBeTo<jJopa
3aHHTHe 7. C60pKa MOlleJlH cBeTo<jJopa ., . . .
3aHHTHe 8. I1cnblTaHHe Mo.n:eJlIi cBeTo<jJopa B pa60Te .
3aHHTHli B nliTOM KJlaCCe
3aoa'tu U cooep aHue 3aHRTUCi
Pa60Ta C opeBecuHoCi
3aHHTHe 1. .LJ:peBecHble MaTep HaJlbl . . .'
3aHHTHe 2. YepTeM npH3MaTHQeCKOH lleTaJlH
3aHHTHe 3. f1pHHlI,Hnb! KOHCTpYHpoBaHHH
366
3
4
3 HHTlie 4 Pa3MeTOQHble HHcTpYMeHTbl H pa60Tbi C nOMow.blO HX .
3 HHTHe 5. KOIICTpyupoBaHHe I1pellMeTa. CocTOHw.ero H3 HecKOJIbKHX npH3'
MaTHQeCKUX lleT3JJei'r . , . .. , . . . .
3aHHTHe 6 f1J1aHHpOBaHHe pa60Tbl . . . . . . '.
3aHHTHe 7: 113roTOBJJeHHe .n:eTaneH no HHCTpYKlI,HOHHOH KapTe
3aHHTHe 8. CoellHHellHe .n:eTaJlei'r Ha rB03llHX H wypynax . ,
3aHHTHe 9. KOHCTpYHpOBaHHe nJlaHllleTa H
3!':HHTHe 10. POJlb npHcnoC'06J1eHHH B nOBblweHHH KaQeCTBa H npoH3Boll .
TeJlbHOCTH TpYlla . , .
3aHHTHe 11. C60pKa H OTlleJlKa' H;lle lii\
Pa60Ta C MeraAAOM
3aHHTHe 1. CBoHcTBa TOHKoro JlIiCTOBOro MeTaJlJla H npOBOJlOKIi
3aHHTHe 2. YQe6HOe KOHCTpYHpoBaHHe .
3aHHTHe 3. KOHCTpyHpoBaHHe H3.n:eJlHH H3 MeCTH
3aHHTHe 4. f1J10CKOCTHaH pa3MeTKa Ha MeTaJlJle
3aHHTHe 5. 113roTOBJleHHe Kop06KH H3 MeCTH .
3aHHTHe 6. KOIICTpyupoBaHHe TeJleMKH . , .
3aHHTHe 7 113roTOBJleHHe TeJleMKH H3 MeCTH. .
3i1HHTHe 8' 03HaKOMJleHHe C TOQeQHoi'r 9J1eKTpOcBapKol{. . '.
3aHHTHe 9: KOHCTpYHpoBaHHe H3 npOBOJlOKH lleHBo.n:a K lleTCKOJi HrpYIllKe
3aHHTHe 10. 113roTOBJleHHe npHBolla K lleTcK0!f HrpylllKe
3aHHTHe 11 PerYJlHpoBKa H OTlleJlKa .n:eTCKOH HrpylllKH . . . .
3aHHTHe 12: 113roTOBJleHHe cOBKa C npHMeHeHHeM npncIIoc06 eHHH
3aH!lTHe 13. 113roTOBJleHHe cOBKa . . . . Jl3rOTOBJleHHH
3aHHTHe 14. KOHCTpYHpoBaHHe H pa3pa60TKa TeXHOJlc>rHIi
lleTCKoro BellepKa
3aHHTHe 15. 113roTOBJJeHHe .n:eTcKoro Be.n:epKa
3aHHTHe 16. 113roTOBJleHHe lleTCKoro Bc.n:epKa
3aHHTHe 17. OT.n:eJlKa BellepKa. f1ollBe.n:eIlHe HTorOB
3AeKTpOTexHu'tecKue pa60Tbt . . . .
3aHHTHe 1. 9J1eKTpHQeCKOe oCBew.eHHe. KOHCTpYHpoBaHHe OCBeTHTeJl!l
3aHHTHe 2. 113roTOBJleHHe Kopnyca 6pa . . . . . .
3aHHTHe 3. 113fOTOBJlefIHe KpbllllKH 6pa
3aHHTHe 4. 9J1eKTpIl'IeCKaH cxeMa'
3aHHTHe 5. C60pKa OCBeTlJTeJlH
9KCKYPCHH.
3aHliTHli B llIeCTOM KJlaCCe
3aoa'tu U cooepJ/caHue 3aHRTuCi
Pa60Ta C opececllHoii . . .
3aHHTHe 1. rIo,lYQCIIJle nHJJOMaTepl!aJliOB . .
3aHHTHe 2. f10IIHTHe 0 WHnOBblX c e.n:HHeHHHx . . IlIHIIOBble
3aHHTHe 3. KOIICTpYl!pOBa!Ul H3.n:eJlHII, HMelOl.lI,HX npHMoyroJlbHble
coe.n:HHeHHH . -. . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3aHHTHe 4. COellHIlC!lHe npHMoyroJlbHblM IlIHnOM
3aHHTHe 5 Coe.n:IlIICIIIlH na KJlelO . . . . . .
33HHTHe 6: KGHCTpynpoBalme H3.n:.eJlHH C KpyrJlb!M IllHnOBb!M coe.n:HHeHHOI
3 TH 7 113fOTOBJleIfne .n:eTaJleH C Kpyr,lb1M WHIlOM . . . . . . .
3 TH 8'. f10JJYlJciII!e WHnOBblX 'coe.n:HHeHHH B npOH3BOllCTBCHHbIX YCJlOBI1HX
3aHHTIle 9 H3rOTOBJICllIfe <jJaHepHoro CH.n:eHbH CTYJlbQllKa . . . . '.'
3aHHTHe 1'0. C60pKa H3lle,l!1H B IlIKOJlbHblX MacTepcKHx H Ha npoH3BollcTBe
3aHHTHe 11. KOHCTpYHpOBaHHe nlOnHTpa . . . . ....... ..
3allHTHe 12. 113roTOBJleHlle nlOnHTP.a no HHCTPYKlI,HOHHOH K",.JTe
3aHHTHe 13. 113roTOBJleHHe lleTaneH IllOnHTpa . . .. ..
33HHTHe 14. C60pKa H OTlleJlKa nlOnHTpa .
Pa60Ta C MeTaAAoM .
3aHHTI!e I. Py6Ka H npaBKa MeTaJlJla
3aH!lTHe 2 OnHJlHBaHHe MeTaJIJla . . . . . .
3aIfHTJle 3: KOHCTpYHpoBaHHe H H3rOTOBJleHHe YIlIKa HaBeCHoro
8
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19
34
38
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44
45
48
50
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56
57
58
59
61
63
67
68
70
72
74
75
77
79
80
82
84
85
86
92
94
96
99
101
103
104
105
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, .
112
113
116
123
126
130
1:15
13/\
1,10
141
143
146
148
149
155
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161
164
167
171
175
178
182
188
190
192
197
201
207
210
214
215
221
22.3
225
226
231
232
210
245
248
253
2')8
260
262
2G5
270
271
76
279
282
284
285
288
293
297
304
361
3allHTHe 4. OIlHJJHBaHHe KpHBOJJHHeflHOn nOBepXHOCTH 307
3aflHTHe 5. 113MepeHHe wTallreHlI,HpKYJJeM. ....... 309
3aHHTHe 6. Pa3pa60TKa TeXHOJI0rHH H3rOTOaJJeHII!I AeTam::!'\ HO)KOI3KH . . . 3lti
3aHHTHe 7. 06pa60TKa AeTaJJeii 113 JJHCrOBOH CTaml C nOMOlll.blO npllcnoco6-
JJelfllr"J ............ 31 M
3aHHTlIC 8. 06pa60TKa lleTaJJeH 113 COpTOBOH CTaJIII 323
3aBHTl1e 9. C60pKa H OTlleJJKa HO)KOBKH . . . . . . 324
3aH!lTHe 10. KOI!CTpYllpoBaHHe Tpy6qaTOrO llHHaMOMeTpa 325
3aHHrHe 11. Yl3roTOBJJeUHe l!eTaJJei'r llHBaMoMeTpa 329
3aHHTlle 12. C60pKa II HCI1bITaHlle AHllaMOMeTpa 330
3AeKTpoTexHll'teCKue pa6oTbt. ..... :-333
3aHHTlle 1. 9JJeKTpOMarHIITbi H IIX npHMeHeHlle 33
3allHTlle 2. CIIJJa npHTHllieHHH MarHHra H Be.1HQHHa TOKa . . 343
3aH!lTHe 3. CIJH3b CHJJbl np!1THllieHHH MarHHTa C KO.1HQeCTBOM BHTKO!} 350
3aHHTHe 4. rIpHMeHeulle :J.1eKTpOMarHHToB B HapollHOM X03!1iicTBe 3 0 )2
3aHHTHe 5. rIoHHTHe 06 9JJeKTpOM3rHHTHOM peJJe . . ;:;:")3
3aHHTHc 6. 9JJeKTpOMarHI1Tbl B aBToMaTIIKe' 3')+
JIuTeparypa . . . . . . 363
3AH}lTH}I
no TEXHHIlECKOMY TPYAY
B lUKOJIbHblX MACTEPCKHX
(IV-VI KJIACCbl)
PeiJ,aKTOp Jl. A. Jl Ii COB
XYiJ,OJKIiHK )..1:. IT. fi e Jl 0 B
XYiJ,OJKeCTBeHlibIi\ peiJ,aKTOp B. r. E 2K K 0 "
TeXliliqeCKIii\ pel\aKTOp Jl. . M e iJ, B e iJ, e B
KoppeKTopbI r. Jl. H e C T e p 0 B a, K. A. H B a II 0 B a
CiJ,aIiO B Ha60p 24/II! 1971 r. ITOiJ,flHCaHO K neqaTII 6/X 1971 r. 60X90'hb. fiYMara Tliflurp. No 2.
ITeq. JI. 23,0. yq.-1i3iJ,. JI. 24;04. THpaJK 90 TbIC. 3K3. (ITJIali 1971 r.- N. 130). A-GO I 14.
H3iJ,aTeJIbCTBO .ITpoCBeIll,eHlie» KOMIITeTa no fleqaTII flpH COBeTe MlilllicTlioB PC<!>CP,
MocKBa, 3-i\ npoe3iJ, MapbliHoi! pOIll,li, 41.
06JIaCTHaH THnorpa<pHH HBaliOBCKoro YflpaB..ellliH no neqaTH. r. HBaHl'BO, THnorpacjlcKall, 6.'
3aKa3 No 2374. U.eHa 6ea nepenJIeTa 65 Kon.. nepellJIeT 10 Kon.
lleua 75 Kon.