ǨȕȚȖȕȐȑ
ǶǹǹǭǵǬǶǪǹDzǰDZ
ǺǨDZǵǨ ǺǸǭǽ
ǹǴǭǸǺǭDZ
ǰȏȉȘȈȕȕȣȍ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȧ
ǺȖȔ I
Salamandra P.V.V.

ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȑ Ǩ Ǽ
ǺȈȑȕȈ ȚȘȍȝ șȔȍȘȚȍȑ ǹȖșȚ ȗȖȌȋ ȚȍȒșȚȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȔ Ǵ ǼȖ-
ȔȍȕȒȖ Ȑ Ǩ ȀȍȘȔȈȕȈ (ǰȏȉȘȈȕȕȣȍ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȧ ǺȖȔ I). — ǩ Ȕ:
Salamandra P.V.V., 2019.
— 230 c. Ȑȓȓ — (Polaris ǷțȚȍ-
ȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȈ Ǫȣȗ CCCXLIII).
ǵȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȕȈ ȘțșșȒȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ șȖȉ-
ȘȈȕȐȍȔ ȐȏȉȘȈȕȕȣȝ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȑ ȗȖȓȤșȒȖ-ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ țȟȍȕȖȋȖ
ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȈȊȈȕȚȦȘȐșȚȈ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȧ ǼȍȘȌȐȕȈȕȌȈ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊ-
șȒȖȋȖ -1945).
Ǫ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȚȖȔ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ ©ǺȈȑȕȈ ȚȘȍȝ șȔȍȘȚȍȑª ȊȖȠȓȐ ȜȈȕ-
ȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȔȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȟȍșȒȐȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ șȖȉȘȈȕ-
ȕȣȍ Ȑȏ ȘȈȘȐȚȍȚȕȣȝ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȑ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȐȏȉȘȈȕȕȣȍ
ȖȟȍȘȒȐ.
© M. Fomenko, A. Sherman, cȖșȚȈȊ ȗȖȌȋ ȚȍȒșȚȈ ȗȘȐȔ 
© Salamandra P.V.V., ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȍ 2019

ǺǨDZǵǨ ǺǸǭǽ
ǹǴǭǸǺǭDZ

7
ǼȀ ǿǼǿȀǮǰǶȀdzǹdzǷ
ǰȔȧ ȗȖȓȤșȒȖ-ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ țȟȍȕȖȋȖ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȈ Ȑ
ȈȊȈȕȚȦȘȐșȚȈ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȧ ǼȍȘȌȐȕȈȕȌȈ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȖȋȖ -
 ȗȖȧ-
ȊȐȓȖșȤ țȎȍ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ șȗȐșȒȍ ȈȊȚȖȘȖȊ ȟȤȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈ-
Ȕȍȟȍȕȣ Ȓ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȦ Ȋ ȉțȌțȡȍȑ șȍȘȐȐ Polaris ȐȏȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ Salaman-
ra P.V.V. ǽȖȚȧ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȧ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȖ-
ȋȖ țȎȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȐȏȌȈȕȣ ȐȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȌȍȕȣ ȊȒȓȦȟȈȧ ȗȘȖșȓȈȊȐȊȠȍȍ
ȈȊȚȖȘȈ ȔȍȔțȈȘȕȖ-ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȖȊȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ǯȊȍȘȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȉȖ-
ȋȐ
 ȖșȕȖȊȕȖȑ ȒȖȘȗțș ȍȋȖ ȌȖȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȣȝ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȑ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ
ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȣȔ ȗȖ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȈȔ ȘȈȘȐȚȍȚȕȖȑ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȐȒȐ Ȑ ȉȍȏțșȓȖȊȕȖ ȕțȎ-
ȌȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȐȏȌȈȕȐȐ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ șȊȖȦ ȗȍȘȊȖȖȟȍȘȍȌȕțȦ ȏȈȌȈȟț Ȕȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ Ȋ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈ-
ȞȐȐ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȒȘțȗȕȣȝ ȕȈțȟȕȖ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ Ƕș-
șȍȕȌȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȖșȚȈȊȐȊȠȐȝ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȑ șȓȍȌ Ȋ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȘțșșȒȖȑ Ȉ ȗȖȏȌ-
ȕȍȍ Ȑ șȖȊȍȚșȒȖȑ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȐ ǶȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȒȕȐȋ șȍȘȐȐ Polaris
șȚȈȓ șȉȖȘȕȐȒ ǩȘȐȋ ©ǻȎȈșª 
 ȊȒȓȦȟȐȊȠȐȑ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ ǫȘȧȌțȡȈȧ
ȉȖȘȤȉȈ Ȑ ǩȘȐȋ ©ǻȎȈșª. Ǫ  ȋ ȕȈȔȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ș  ȋ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȐȏȌȈȕȈ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȗȖȊȍșȚȤ ǮȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȊȖșșȚȈȊȠȐȍ Ȑ ȗȖȉȍȎ-
Ȍȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȊȒȓȦȟȍȕȣ
Ȋ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȦȡțȦșȧ ȔȕȖȋȖȚȖȔȕțȦ ȈȕȚȖȓȖȋȐȦ ǼȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȈ ǹȍȘȍȉ-
ȘȧȕȖȋȖ ȊȍȒȈ. ǶȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȊȍȓȈșȤ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȗȖ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȒȍ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ
ȐȏȉȘȈȕȕȣȝ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȑ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ Ȕȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊ-
ȓȧȍȔ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȧȔ
Ǫ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȊȒȓȦȟȍȕȣ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȣȍ Ƕșșȍȕ-
ȌȖȊșȒȐȔ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ Ȑ ȕȈ ȘțșșȒȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ *.
Ǫ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȚȖȔ ǺȈȑȕȈ ȚȘȍȝ șȔȍȘȚȍȑ ȊȖȠȓȐ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ Ȑ
ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȟȍșȒȐȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ -1914 ȋȋ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȐȏȉȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȖȟȍȘ-
ȒȐ Ǫ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȧȝ ȌȈȕȣ șȚȈȚȤȐ Ȗ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȍ ȖȗțȉȓȐ-
ȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȐȔ Ȋ ȎțȘȕȈȓȍ ǨȗȖȓȓȖȕ Ȋ  ȋ
ǺȖȔ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ǩȘȐȋ ©ǻȎȈșª ȊȒȓȦȟȈȍȚ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ
1913- ȋȋ ǩȘȐȋ ©ǻȎȈșª, ǫȘȧȌțȡȈȧ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ Ȑ ǮȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȊȖș-
șȚȈȊȠȐȍ Ȑ ȗȖȉȍȎȌȍȕȕȣȍ.
* ɂɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵ Ȼɭɲɢɞɨ ɢ ɏɚɪɚɤɢɪɢ ɜɨɲɟɞɲɢɟ ɜ ɩɟɪ-
ɜɵɣ ɬɨɦ ɷɬɢ ɞɜɚ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ ɧɚɩɟɱɚɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ - ɝɝ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɧɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɜɢɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɫ-
ɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɟ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ

Ǫ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȔ ȚȖȔȍ ǷȍȘțȕȖȊȖ țȘȖȟȐȡȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȈ șȍȘȐȧ ȖșȚ-
ȘȖșȦȎȍȚȕȣȝ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ Ȗ ȉȣȚȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȝ ȗȘȐȐșȒȖȊ Ȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȈ ǬȈȓȤ-
ȕȍȔ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ȑȏ țșȓȖȊȕȖȋȖ ȈȊȚȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȞȐȒȓȈ ǹȚȈȘȣȑ Ƿȍ-
ȚȍȘȉțȘȋ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ȑ ȖȟȍȘȒȐ Ȑȏ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȐȒȐ ȒȖȕȞȈ -ȝ
– 1910-ȝ ȋȋ
ǯȈȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȣȑ ȚȖȔ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ ǴȐȘȕȣȍ ȏȈȊȖȍȊȈ-
ȚȍȓȐ, ȊȒȓȦȟȈȍȚ șȒȈȕȌȈȓȤȕțȦ ȚȐȚțȓȤȕțȦ ȗȖȊȍșȚȤ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȍ ȘȈșșȒȈ-
ȏȣ ȌȊȈ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȐȔȍȦȚ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȔȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖ-ȈȋȐȚȈȞȐȖȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȍ
 Ȑ ȉȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȖȟȍȘȒ
ǵȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȧȊȓȧȧșȤ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ Ȑ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍȔ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȏȣ Ǩ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȚȍȕȌțȍȚ ȕȈ ȐșȟȍȘȗȣȊȈȦȡțȦ ȗȖȓȕȖȚț Ǫ ȟȈșȚȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ
ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȖȠȓȐ ȗțȉȓȐȞȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ șȚȈȚȤȐ ȕȈțȟȕȣȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȕȍȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ ȕȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȐȒȍ ȓȐȉȖ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȊȠȐȍșȧ Ȋ
ȈȘȝȐȊȈȝ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍșȚȤ Ȗ ȚȦȘȍȔȕȖȔ ȉȣȚȍ Ȑ ȕȘȈȊȈȝ dzȦȌșȒȈȧ ȗȣȓȤ (Ǫ ȓȦȌ-
șȒȖȑ ȗȣȓȐ  
 șȗȘȈȊȖȟȕȣȑ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ șȊȍȌȍȕ Ȓ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐ-
ȔȖȔț ȔȐȕȐȔțȔț
Ǫ ȝȖȌȍ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȒȐ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧ ș ȕȈȔȐ ȌȍȓȐȓȐșȤ șȊȖȐȔȐ șȖȖȉȘȈ-
ȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȈȔȐ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ țȠȍȌȠȐȑ Ȑȏ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚ ȐȏȌȈȚȍȓȤ Ȑ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȖȊȍȌ Ǫ ǩțȘȧ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ Ǵ ǷȖȓȧ-
ȒȖȊ Ǩ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊ Ȑ ǭ ǺȊȍȘșȒȐȑ ȊșȍȔ ȐȔ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȔ ȋȓțȉȖȒțȦ
ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖșȚȤ
Ǵ ǼȖȔȍȕȒȖ Ǩ ȀȍȘȔȈȕ
ȖȒȚȧȉȘȤ 

ȋȃǼ ǿdzDzǼǷ ǿȀǮǾǶǻȉ

10
Ƕȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȉȣȓ Ȋ DzȐȚȈȑ șȚȘȈȕț șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ
Ȑ șȚȈȘȣȝ ȓȍȋȍȕȌ
ǩȘȖȌȐȓ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȈȔ Ȑ ȘȣȕȒȈȔ ǷȍȒȐȕȈ Ȕ ș ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ
ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ ȚȖȓȗț ȗȖȓțȋȖȓȣȝ ȐȓȐ ȗȍșȚȘȖ ȖȌȍȚȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ș
ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȒȖșȈȔȐ Ȑ ȔțȌȘȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȖȓȋț ȉȍșȍȌȖȊȈȓ ș ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔȐ șȔȍȓȣȔȐ ȌȍȚȤȔȐ
Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȍȔț șȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ ȟțȌȕȣȍ șȒȈȏȒȐ Ȗ șȍȔȐȒȘȣ-
ȓȖȔ ȌȘȈȒȖȕȍ dzȦȕ Ȑ Ȗ ȏȓȖȑ ȀȐ-șț ȏȔȍȍ ȊȓȈȌȣȟȐȞȍ ȔȖȘȧ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȓȈ ȋȘțȗȗȈ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȝ
ȗȖȓțȋȖȓȖȌȕȣȝ ȒțȓȐ ȎȈȌȕȖ șȓțȠȈȊȠȐȝ șȓȍȗȖȋȖ ȗȍȊȞȈ ǺȖȕ-
ȒȐȍ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓȣȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ șȓȍȗȞȈ ȉȍȋȈȓȐ ȗȖ șȚȘțȕȈȔ șȈȔȖȌȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ ȞȐȚȘȣ
ǷȍȓȐ șȚȘțȕȣ ȋțȌȧ ȒȈȒ ȊȍȚȍȘ Ȋ ȊȍȚȊȧȝ ȚȈȔȈȘȐșȒȈ Ȑ ȋȘȈ-
ȉȖȊ Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȗȍȊȍȞ șȍȌȣȍ ȉȣȓȐȕȣ
— ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ șȣȕ ȕȍȉȈ ȉȖȋȌȣȝȈȕ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤ Ƿȥ-șȐȕȧ ȔȖ-
ȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ǾȐȕȤ-ȠȐ-ȝțȈȕ-ȌȐ șȗȘȈȊȓȧȓ ȌȍȕȤ șȍȔȐȌȍșȧȚȖȑ
ȏȐȔȣ
— ǹȍȔȤȌȍșȧȚ ȘȈȏ ȊȐȌȍȓ șȍȌȖȊȓȈșȣȑ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȑ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȍ
ǴȖ-ȚȖ-ȓȐȕȤ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤ ȒȈȒ ȎȍȓȚȍȓȐ ȓțȎȈȑȒȐ șȈȌȈ ȗȖȌ șȐȓȤ-
ȕȣȔȐ țȌȈȘȈȔȐ ȏȐȔȕȍȋȖ ȚȈȑȜțȕȈ Ȑ ȌȖȎȌȧ șȓȨȏ ȊȣșȖȒȖȕȈ-
ȊȐșȠȐȝ ȖȉȓȈȒȖȊ
— ǹȖȋȕțȓșȧ ǾȐȕȤ-ȠȐ-ȝțȈȕ-ȌȐ Ȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȚțșȒȓȖ șȔȖȚ-
ȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȐȏȒȖ șȒȓȖȕȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȊȍȓȤȔȖȎ Ȑ Ȓȕȧ-
ȏȍȑ Ȉ țȠȐ șȓȈȉȖ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȈȓȐ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ «ȚȈț-ȝȖ» ȕȈȘȖ-
ȌȈ șȖȉȘȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ Ȋ șȈȌȣ ǫȖ-ȒȖȕ-ȋȈ
— ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȑ ș ȗȖȒȓȖȕȈȔȐ ȊșȚȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȉȖȋȌȣ-
ȝȈȕȖȔ ȋȘȖȏȕȣȑ ȒȕȧȏȤ ǾȐȕȧ ǻ-ȋțȕ Ȑ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș
— «ǴțȌȘȣȑ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȊȓȈȌȣȒȈ ǹȒȓȖȕȐ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ șȊȖȑ ȔȐ-
ȓȖșȚȐȊȣȑ șȓțȝ Ȑ ȊȕȍȔȓȐ ȊȍȘȕȖȔț ȘȈȉț ȚȊȖȍȔț ǴȖȧ ȏȍȔȓȧ
ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȖȔȣȊȈȦȚ ȗȍȕȕȈȧ ǽțȕȋ-ȝȥ Ȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȈȧ ǺȈ-ȥ ȠȓȍȚ Țȍ-
ȉȍ ȌȈȘ
— ȅȚȖ — ȒȘȈșȐȊȍȑȠȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ șȚȘȈȕȣ ǰȔȧ ȍȍ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐ-
ȏȣȊȕȣȑ ȏȊȖȕ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȑ șȚȘțȕȣ ȎȘȍȞȖȊ ǬȈȖ ǰȔȧ ȥȚȖ ǺȈȖ-
ȐȕȤ-ȔȖ
— ǶȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȖȉȓȈȒȖ țȕȖșȧȡȍȍșȧ ș șȍȊȍȘȕȣȝ șȒȓȖȕȖȊ ǿȈȕ-
ȉȖ-ȠȈ-ȕȈ Ȉ ȘțȔȧȕȍȞ ȍȍ ȓȈȕȐȚ — ȗȖȞȍȓțȑ țȚȘȍȕȕȍȑ ȏȈȘȐ
— ǶȕȈ șȚȘȖȑȕȈ, ȒȈȒ ȗȈȓȤȔȈ ș ȇȕȤ-ȚȞȍ, Ȑ ȋȖȘȌȈ ȒȈȒ ȗȈȕ-
ȚȍȘȈ ȓȍșȖȊ ǹȧȔ-ǺțȘ

11
— ǭȍ ȖȚȍȞ ǿȎȈȖ-ȓȐ-ȎȈȕ-Ȝȥȑ ȖȚȌȈȍȚ ȍȍ Țȍȉȍ ȊȓȈȌȣȒȈ
ȒȈȒ Ȏȍȕț ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȞț Ȑ ȘȈȉț
— ǰȔȍȕȍȔ ȗȘȍȌȒȖȊ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȝ Ȑ ȔȈȓȣȝ ȘȖȌȖȊ ȊȍșȤ ȋȖȘȕȣȑ
ǾȐȕȤ ȗȘȍȌȊȍȡȈȍȚ Țȍȉȍ șȍȌȖȊȓȈșȣȑ ȊȓȈșȚȍȓȐȕ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȋȖ
ȚȊȖȍȦ ȔțȌȘȖșȚȤȦ Ƿȥ-șȐȕȧ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȓȦȉȊȐ țȚȍȝȐ șȚȘȈ-
șȚȐ ȌȖȓȋțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȑ ȕȍțȋȈșȈȦȡțȦ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȎȈȘȒȐȝ ȖȉȢȧ-
ȚȐȧȝ ǺȈȖ-ȐȕȤ-ȔȖ».
— ǪȖȠȓȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ Ȑ ȉȓȍșȕțȓȐ ȗȖȚțȝȈȦȡȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊȓȈ-
ȌȣȒȐ
— ǬȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ș ȚȖȑ ȗȖȘȣ ȌȊȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖȓȍȚȕȣȝ ȗȥ-
ȚȤȍȕ * țȔȟȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȒȕȧȏȤ ǾȐȕȧ ǻ-ȋțȕ ȗȘȐȕȍș
ȊȓȈȌȣȒȍ ȕȈ-ȞȈȑ**.
— ǰ ȏȈȕȍȔȖȋ ǾȐȕȤ-ȠȐ-ȝțȈȕ-ȌȐ Ȉ țȟȍȕȣȍ ȎȘȍȞȣ Ȑ ȔȈȋȐ
ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ ȉȓȐȏȐȚșȧ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȊȍ-
ȓȐȚȍȓȤ Ƿȥ-șȐȕȧ șȖȓȤȍȚșȧ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ș șȖȕȔȖȔ «șȚȈ ȌțȝȖȊ».
— ǬȘȧȝȓȣȑ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȊȣȒȖȊȈȚȤ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ
șȊȖȌȟȈȚțȦ ȗȍȡȍȘț Ȋ șȒȈȓȍ ȋȖȘȣ dzȐ ȋȌȍ ȗȖȊȍȓȍȓ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ
ȋȘȖȉ șȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȕȣȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ ȕȈ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȖșȓȍ Ȋȍ-
ȟȍȘȕȍȑ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ ǺșȐ-ȚȖ-ȧȕȤ ȗȖȘțȟȈȦȡȍȑ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȉȖȚȈȔ ȊȍȓȐ-
ȒȐȝ Ȑ ȔȈȓȣȝ ȌțȝȖȊ ȕȍȉȈ
— ǬȕȍȔ Ȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȚȘȐ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȝ ȔȍșȧȞȈ șȍȔȤșȖȚ Țȣșȧȟ
ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ȘȣȓȐ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȑ ȒȖȊȈȓȐ ȒȘȍȗȒțȦ șȒȈȓț ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȧ
ȍȍ Ȋ ȝȘȈȔ ș ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȣȔȐ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȈȔȐ Ȑ șȚȍȕȕȣȔȐ țȒȘȈȠȍ-
ȕȐȧȔȐ ȖȉȚȍșȣȊȈȧ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȐ șȒȈȓ Ȑ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȈȧ ȐȔ
ȜȖȘȔț ȌȖȉȘȣȝ Ȑ ȏȓȣȝ ȉȖȋȖȊ Ȑ ȉȖȋȖȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȝ ȗȘȍȌȒȖȊ ȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȊȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȧ Ƿȥ-șȐȕȧ
— ǩȣȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȋȖȚȖȊȖ Ȑ ȓȐȠȤ ȚȘȐșȚȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȐșȒțșȕȣȝ
ȔȈșȚȍȘȖȊ Ȑȏ ȀȈȖ-ȉȖ-ȥȐȕȧ țȒȘȈȠȈȓȐ șȚȍȕȣ șȒȓȍȗȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ
țȔȍȘ ȉȖȋȌȣȝȈȕ
— ǵȈșȚȈȓ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ — ȌȍȕȤ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȍȕȐȧ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȖȊȣȝ
șȔȍȘȚȍȑ
— ǬȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȌȊȈ ȉȍȓȖșȕȍȎȕȣȝ ȔțȓȈ ȖȉȊȍȠȈȕȕȣȝ șȍȘȍȉ-
ȘȧȕȣȔȐ șȓȈȌȒȖȏȊțȟȕȣȔȐ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓȤȟȐȒȈȔȐ ș ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ȗȍȘȤȧ-
ȔȐ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȈȝ ȊȍȏȓȐ ȒȘȈșȕțȦ ȉȖȍȊțȦ ȒȖȓȍșȕȐȞț ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ
* ɉɷ-ɬɶɟɧ — ɝɨɞ Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɩɪɢɦ ɚɜɬ.).
** ɉɨɞɚɪɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɹɞɟ ɫɜɚɬɨɜɫɬɜɚ

12
ș ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔ ȋȘȖȉȖȔ Ȑȏ ȚȣșȧȟȍȓȍȚȕȍȑ șȐȒȖȔȖȘȣ ȒȘȍȗȒȖȑ ȒȈȒ
ȒȈȔȍȕȤ Ȑ șȒȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔȐ șȒȖȉȈȔȐ
— ǯȈ ȒȖȓȍșȕȐȞȍȑ ȠȓȐ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ Ȏȍȕ ȉȖȋȌȣȝȈȕȈ
— ǺȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȉȍșȗȓȖȌȕȣȝ Ȏȍȕ ȕȍțȚȍȠȕȣȝ ȊȌȖȊ Ȑ șȘȍȌȐ
ȕȐȝ ȦȕȈȧ ǺȈȖ-ȐȕȤ-ȔȖ
— ǶȕȈ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȋȖȓțȉȖȍ ȊȍșȍȓȖȍ ȕȍȉȖ Ȑ ȧȘȒȐȍ ȞȊȍȚȣ ȓȍ-
șȖȊ Ȑ ȓțȋȖȊ ǹȐȕȧ Ȑ ȚȖȓȗȣ ȓȍȎȈȡȍȋȖ ȕȐȞ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ
— ǶȕȈ șȓȣȠȈȓȈ ȉȍȏȏȈȉȖȚȕȖȍ ȗȍȕȐȍ ȗȚȐȞ Ȑ ȗȓȍșȒ ȕȍȌȈ-
ȓȍȒȖȑ ȘȍȒȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȟȐȚȈȕȐȧ ȗȓȈȒȈȓȤȡȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȊȐȏȋ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȝ
ȜȓȍȑȚ Ȑ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȍ șȚȖȕȣ ȔȍȌȕȣȝ ȋȖȕȋȖȊ
— ǬȈȓȍȒȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȏȊțȟȈȓȐ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȕȣȍ ȘȖȋȈ șȔȍȘȚȐ
— ǬȖȠȓȐ Ȕțȓȣ ȌȖ ȗȍȡȍȘȣ Ȋ ȋȖȘȍ dzȐ ǮȘȍȞȣ Ȑ șȚȈȘȣȍ
ȉȖȕȏȣ ǬȈȖ Ȑ ȝȘȈȕȐȚȍȓȐ ȒȈȗȐȡ dzȈȖ-Ǿȏȣ ȊȕȍșȓȐ ȋȘȖȉ ȊȓȈȌȣ-
ȒȐ ȊȊȍȓȐ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȊȌȖȊ Ȑ ȉȐȟȈȔȐ ȏȈȋȕȈȓȐ ȖȒȈȕȟȐȊȈȊȠȐȝ
ȘȈȉȖȚț ȔȈșȚȍȘȖȊ Ȑȏ ȀȈȖ-ȉȖ-ȥȐȕȧ
— ǻȠȓȐ ȉȖȕȏȣ Ȑ ȎȘȍȞȣ ȖȚȌȈȊ ȋȘȖȉț Ȑ ȎȐȊȣȔ șȍȔȤ ȗȖ-
șȓȍȌȕȐȝ ȏȍȔȕȣȝ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȖȊ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȧ șȍȔȤ ȔȖȓȐȚȊ «ȚȈȖ-
ȠȐ-ȧȕȤ».
— ǫȖȘț dzȐ ȓȈșȒȈȓȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȓțȟȐ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȍȑ
ȏȈȘȐ Ȑ ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȤ ȗȍȡȍȘȣ
— ǺȘȐșȚȈ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȋȘțȌȍȑ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȒȘȐȒ
— ǪȝȖȌ ȗȍȡȍȘȣ ȏȈȓȖȎȐȓȐ ȋȓȈȌȒȐȔȐ ȒȈȔȕȧȔȐ ȏȈȓȐȓȐ
ȞȍȔȍȕȚȖȔ Ȑ ȕȈ șȊȍȎȍȑ șȚȍȕȍ ȕȈȟȍȘȚȈȓȐ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖ-ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ
ȏȕȈȒȐ ȐȔȍȕȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȊȐȋȖȊ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ǾȐȕȤ-ȠȐ-ȝțȈȕ-ȌȐ
— ǹȚȖȕ Ȑ șȓȍȏȣ șȚȖȧȓȐ Ȋ șțȔȘȈȒȍ ȗȍȡȍȘȣ ǹȓȈȉȖ ȔȍȘ-
ȞȈȓȐ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȊȐșȧȟȐȝ ȉȘȖȕȏȖȊȣȝ ȓȈȔȗ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȠȍȓȒȖ-
Ȋȣȍ șȊȍȚȐȓȤȕȐ ȕȈȗȐȚȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȔ ȎȐȘȖȔ ȚțșȒȓȖ,
ȏȓȖȊȍȡȍ ȋȖȘȧ
— ǬȍșȧȚȤ ȗȍȘȊȖȘȖȌȕȣȝ șȣȕȖȊȍȑ ȓțȟȠȐȝ ȘȖȌȖȊ Ƿȥ-șȐȕȧ
ȗȖȋȐȉȓȐ ȖȚ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȖȎȍȑ ȎȘȍȞȖȊ Ȉ ȎȐȘ Ȑȝ șȓțȎȐȓ Ȑș-
ȚȖȟȕȐȒȖȔ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ Ȍȓȧ ȋȘȖȉȈ ȊȓȈȌȣȒȐ
— ǵȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȔȍȘȒȕțȚȤ ȓȈȔȗȣ DzȘȖȊȈȊȖ ȉȓȍșȕțȊ ȗȖșȐ-
ȕȍȓ ȖȋȖȕȤ Ȑ ȗȖȋȈș
— ǹ ȕȐȔ ȊȔȍșȚȍ țȋȈșȈȓȐ Ȑ ȓȦȌȐ
— ǶȌȕȐ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȝ ȔțȒȈȝ Ȑȕȣȍ ȌțȠȐȓȐ șȍ-
ȉȧ ȚȘȍȚȤȐ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȒȈȒ Șȣȉȣ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȌȣȠȈȓȐ ȝȊȈȚȈȧ șțȝȐ-
ȔȐ țșȚȈȔȐ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ Ȑ țȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋ ȞȈȘșȚȊȖ «șȚȈ ȌțȝȖȊ»
ȏȈ ȚȍȕȤȦ ȊȓȈșȚȍȓȐȕȈ

13
— ǷȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ ǺȈȖ-ȐȕȤ-ȔȖ șȖ șȚțȗȍȕȍȑ șȈȘȒȖȜȈȋȈ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ
ȗȖȠȓȈ ȊȋȓțȉȤ ȗȍȡȍȘȣ ȊȣȚȧȕțȊ ȚȖȕȒȐȍ ȘțȒȐ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑ ȋȓȧȌȧ Ȋ
ȚȍȔȕȖȚț
ǺȈȒ Ȑȏ ȊȓȈȎȕȖȋȖ ȔȘȈȒȈ ȚȧȕțȚșȧ Ȓ șȖȓȕȞț ȉȍȓȣȍ ȞȊȍȚȣ
ȖȘȝȐȌȍȑ
— ǬȖȓȋȖ ȠȓȈ ǺȈȖ-ȐȕȤ-ȔȖ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȧȘȒȐȑ șȊȍȚ Ȍȕȧ Ȑ
ȊȌȖȝȕțȓȈ ȎȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ
— ǶȕȈ ȗȘȖȠȓȈ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȋȖȘȣ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȈȍȚ șȒȈȓț
ȋȖȓțȉȈȧ șȚȘȍȓȈ ȔȖȓȕȐȐ
— DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȟȕțȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ ȚȖ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ ț ȕȖȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȚȍȔȕțȦ
ȗțȟȐȕț Ƿȥȑ-ȝȥ Ȉ șȊȍȘȝț ȔȘȈȟȕȣȑ șȊȖȌ șȒȈȓȣ
— ǰ ȘȐȕțȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȍ ȊȖȌȣ ȘȍȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖȌ-
ȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȍȍ Ȑ ȗȖȕȍșȓȈ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘțȚȐȓȈ Ȑ ȏȈșȖșȈȓȈ
— ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȓȈ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǺȈȖ-ȐȕȤ-ȔȖ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȧ-
ȕțȓȈ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȋȐȉȒȐȍ ȘțȒȐ Ȓ ȧȘȒȖȔț șȖȓȕȞț Ȓ ȋȖȓțȉȖȔț ȕȍȉț
Ȑ ȏȊȖȕȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȗȍȕȐȍ ȘȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȏȐȔȖȘȖȌȒȈ ȒȘȐȒȕț-
ȓȈ ȊȊȣșȤ
— «ǷȘȐȊȍȚ Țȍȉȍ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ǷȘȐȊȍȚ Ȑ ȔȖȓȍȕȐȍ Țȍȉȍ
Ȗ șȖȓȕȞȍ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȧ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȧ ȗȖȕȐ-
ȔȈȓȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ șȊȍȚȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȍșȕȦ ȓțȟȍȑ»
— ǰ șȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ǺȈȖ-ȐȕȤ-ȔȖ Ȋ ȎȍȓȚȣȝ ȊȖȓȕȈȝ Ƿȥȑ-ȝȥ
ǯȈȐȋȘȈȓ șȓȍȗȍȞ ȕȈ ȘȖȒȖȟțȡȐȝ șȚȘțȕȈȝ Ȑ țȔȖȓȒ ȗȖȕȐȒȕțȊ
șȍȌȖȦ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȗȖȥȚ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȋȖȘț dzȐ Ȉ ȗȖȌ ȚȖȓșȚȣȔ șȓȖȍȔ ȚȘȈ-
Ȋȣ Ȑ ȔȝȖȊ ȏȈ șȍȚȤȦ ȒțșȚȈȘȕȐȒȈ ȗȖȊȐȓȐȒȐ Ȑ ȊȐȕȖȋȘȈȌȈ ȖȚȣ-
șȒȈȓ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȍ ȏȕȈȒȐ ȉȖȋȌȣȝȈȕȈ ǾȐȕȤ-ȠȐ-ȝțȈȕ-ȌȐ
Ǫ ȟȈșȣ ȗȘȖȋțȓȖȒ Ȋ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȖșȚȧȝ ȏȈȉȣȚȖȑ ȔȖȋȐȓȣ Ȗȕ
ȊȣȕȐȔȈȓ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȏȈ ȒȈȔȕȍȔ ȘȈȏȘțȠȈȓ ȞȍȔȍȕȚ ȚȊȍȘȌȣȑ, ȒȈȒ
ȈȓȔȈȏ Ȑ ȗȘȖȕȐȒ Ȋ ȗȍȡȍȘț
ǹȘȍȌȐ ȋȘțȌȣ ȒȖșȚȍȑ ȕȈȉȘȖșȈȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ Ȑ ȕȈȊȈ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȌȘțȋ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȈ șȚȖȧȓ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȋȘȖȉ ȉȖȋȌȣȝȈȕȈ
ǵȖ ȕȍ ȍȋȖ ȐșȒȈȓ ȟțȎȍȏȍȔȕȣȑ ȗȖȥȚ
Ƕȕ ȖȉȖȠȍȓ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȊșȦ ȗȍȡȍȘț Ȑ Ȋ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȔ țȋȓț ȕȈȠȍȓ
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ șȒȍȓȍȚ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȖ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȊȠȐȑ ȘțȒȐ Ȓ ȊȖșȚȖȟ-
ȕȖȑ șȚȍȕȍ Ȑ ȏȈșȚȣȊȠȐȑ Ȋ șȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȐȐ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
DzȓȖȟȒȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȖș ȖȉȘȣȊȒȐ ȐșȚȓȍȊȠȐȝ ȖȌȍȎȌ ȏȖ-
ȓȖȚȖȑ ȠȕțȘ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȉȘȈșȓȍȚȣ ȌȈ ȚȖȕȒȐȍ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȒȖș-

ȚȐ ȊȖȚ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȖȚ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȣ ȌȈȘȈ ǻ-ȋțȕȈ Ȓȕȧȏȧ
ȋȖȘȕȖȋȖ ǾȐȕȧ
ǫȘțșȚȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȟțȎȍȏȍȔȍȞ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȈȟȍȘȚȈȓ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȌ-
ȒȖȑ șȚȍȕȍ
— ǺȈȖ-ȐȕȤ-ȔȖ ȗȘȐȔȐ ȗȘȐȊȍȚ ȟțȎȍșȚȘȈȕȞȈ Ǻȣ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȈȒ
ȗȈȓȤȔȈ ȇȕȤ-ȚȞȍ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȗȈȕȚȍȘȈ ǹȧȔ-ǺțȘȈ
— Ǻȣ șȍșȚȘȈ ȉȍȓȖșȕȍȎȕȣȝ ȖȉȓȈȒȖȊ ǿȈȕ-ȉȖ-ȀȈȕȈ Ȑ Țȍȉȧ
ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓȈ ȏȈȘȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖȋȖ țȚȘȈ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖȋȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ
— Ǻȣ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ Ȑ ȓȐȠȤ ȍȋȖ ȓțȟȐ ȓȈșȒȈȓȐ Țȍ-
ȉȧ ȌȍȊșȚȊȍȕȕȐȞț Ȏȍȕț Ȑ ȊȌȖȊț
— ǺȊȖȑ ȘȖȒ ȉȣȓ ȗȍȟȈȓȍȕ Ȑ șțȘȖȊ
— Ǻȣ ȕȍ șȗȈșȓȈșȤ ȖȚ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȋ ȔȖȋȐȓȍ ǾȐȕȤ-ȠȐ-ȝțȈȕ-ȌȐ
ȒȈȒ ȗȖȦȚ șȓȍȗȞȣ Ȑ țȔȍȘȓȈ ȊȖ ȔȘȈȒȍ ȘȈȉȖȦ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ ȗȖ-
ȓțȟȐȊȠȍȋȖ Țȍȉȧ Ȋ ȌȈȘ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȕȣ ȋȖȘȕȖȋȖ ǾȐȕȧ ȖȔȣȊȈȍȔȖȋȖ
ȉȣșȚȘȣȔȐ Ȑ ȗȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȘȍȒȈȔȐ ȉȍȋțȡȐȔȐ șȖ șȒȈȓ ǴȖ-ȚȖ-dzȐȕȤ
Ȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȑ ȋȖȘȣ dzȤȖ
— ǮȐȊȐ Ȏȍ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ Ƿȥ-șȐȕȧ ȗȖȌȘțȋȈ ȧȘȒȖȋȖ șȖȓȕȞȈ,
ȎȐȊȐ Ȏȍ Ȋ șȚȈȘȖȑ ȉȣȓȐȕȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȍșȕȧȝ șȍȌȖȑ șȚȈȘȐȕȣ
ǯȈȒȘȣȓ ȗȖȥȚ ȊȝȖȌ Ȋ ȗȍȡȍȘț dzȐ ȏȈȉȘȖșȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȔȕȧȔȐ
ȔȝȖȔ Ȑ ȧȘȒȐȔȐ ȞȊȍȚȈȔȐ Ȑ țȌȈȓȐȓșȧ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȊ Ȗ ǺȈȖ-ȐȕȤ-
ȔȖ ȎȐȊțȡȍȑ ȌȖșȍȓȍ Ȋ DzȐȚȈȍ Ȋ ȗȍșȕȧȝ ȉȘȖȌȧȟȐȝ ȋțșȓȧȘȖȊ-
șȓȍȗȞȖȊ

ǻǼȅȊ ǰ ȃǾǮǺdz ǮǺǼ-DzǴǮǻ-ǻǶǻ
Ƕșș DZ ǺȜȜȠȟȓ

16
I
Ǫ țȦȚȕȖȔ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȗȍȘȍȉȘȈșȣȊȈȧșȤ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐ-
ȔȐ ȜȘȈȏȈȔȐ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȓȐșȤ ȖȚȌȣȝȖȔ ȚȘȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ǬȊȖȍ ȘțșșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȖȌȐȕ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ
—Ǫȣ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ dzȍȊ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȐȟ — ȚȐȝȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȓ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ — șȟȐȚȈȍȚȍ ȕȈș ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȓȐ-
ȠȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȊȣșȠȐȝ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȖȊ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȖșȚȐ
ǹȚȈȘȠȐȑ Ȑȏ șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒȖȊ ȌȖȉȘȖȌțȠȕȖ Ȑ șȕȐșȝȖȌȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ

17
— ȇ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȊȈș ȕȍȚ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȖȊ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȖșȚȐ ȇ
ȓȐȠȤ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍșȗȖșȖȉȕȣ ȊȖș-
ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȕȍțȓȖȊȐȔȣȍ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȧ Ȑȏ ȖȉȓȈșȚȐ ȖȉȖșȚȘȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ Ȑ ȕȍȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȟțȊșȚȊ șȖȍȌȐȕȧȦȡȐȝ ȕȈș ș ȔȐȘȖȔ
ȌțȝȖȊ DzȈȒ Ȋȣ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ șȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ"
ǪȖȗȘȖș ȉȣȓ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕ Ȓ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȔț șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒț
ǺȖȚ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȔ
— Ǫȣ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ, ȗȖȌȘȈȏțȔȍȊȈȍȚȍ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ șȗȐȘȐȚȐȏȔȈ Ȑ
ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȐȏȈȞȐȑ ȌțȝȖȊ"
— ǽȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȔȐȓȍȑȠȐȑ ǩȖȘȐș ǷȈȊȓȖȊȐȟ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ — țȚ-
ȊȍȘȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȐȊȕțȊ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ șȚȈȘȠȐȑ Ȑȏ șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐ-
ȒȖȊ
ǩȖȘȐș ǷȈȊȓȖȊȐȟ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȉȣșȚȘȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȕȈ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈ Ȑ
ȚȖȚ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȕȧȓ Ƕȕ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȓ ȕȖ șȗȖȝȊȈȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ȏȈ-
Țȧȕțȓșȧ ȌȣȔȖȔ

18
— ǭșȓȐ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ȇ-Ǵȍȕ-dzȍȕ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȐȚ Ȕȕȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ
ȖȌȐȕ ȥȗȐȏȖȌ Ȑȏ ȕȈȠȐȝ șȒȐȚȈȕȐȑ ȗȖ ǵȍȉȍșȕȖȑ ǰȔȗȍȘȐȐ ȧ
țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ șțȔȍȦ ȖȗȘȖȊȍȘȋȕțȚȤ ȊȈȠȍ ȖȠȐȉȖȟȕȖȍ Ȗ ȒȐȚȈȑ-
ȞȈȝ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ dzȍȊ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȐȟ
DzȐȚȈȍȞ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ Ƕȕ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ șȓȖȊ
ǩȖȘȐșȈ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȐȟȈ
— ǸȈȏȘȍȠȐȚȍ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ dzȍȊ ǫȍȖȘ-
ȋȐȍȊȐȟ
— ȅȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȔȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ — ȏȈȌțȔ-
ȟȐȊȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ—ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȥȗȐȏȖȌȈ ȧ șȟȐȚȈȦ șȍ-
ȉȧ țȔȍȘȠȐȔ Ȍȓȧ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǩȖȌȘșȚȊțȍȚ ȔȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȕȖ ȌțȠȈ ȊȐ-
ȚȈȍȚ Ȋ Ȑȕȣȝ ȖȉȓȈșȚȧȝ ȅȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȕȖ ȧ ȖȡțȡȈȦ ȥȚȖ șȖȊȍȘ-
ȠȍȕȕȖ ȧșȕȖ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȗțșȚȤ ǩȖȘȐș ǷȈȊȓȖȊȐȟ ȘȈșșȒȈȎȍȚ
II
— ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ — ȕȈȟȈȓ ǩȖȘȐș ǷȈȊȓȖȊȐȟ — ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ
ȕȈȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț ȧ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȧ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȖȗȘȍȌȍ-
ȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȌȐȗȓȖȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȔȐșșȐȐ ȉȣȓ ȗȖșȓȈȕ Ȋ ǷȍȒȐȕ Ȑ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȖșȒȖȊȈȓ ȉȍȏ ȌȍȓȈ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȐșȤ ȗȘȐȊȍȌȠȐȍ Ȓ ȊȖȑȕȍ ȚȘȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȔȍ-
ȠȈȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȖ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȖȍ ȗȖ ȘțȒȈȔ Ȑ ȕȖȋȈȔ ȗȖ-
ȓȐȚȐȒȖȑ ǷȖȘȚ-ǨȘȚțȘȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ Ǫșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȧ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ȥȒ-
șȒțȘșȐȧȝ ȗȖ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȖșȚȧȔ ǷȍȒȐȕȈ ȐȓȐ Ȋ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȕȣȝ ȏȈȓȈȝ
ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȐ Ǻșț-ǺȈȕȋȐ ȋȌȍ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȣȊȈȓ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȍ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȍ
ȒȕȐȋȐ șȕȈȉȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȈȒ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȣȔȐ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȊȖȌȈȔȐ Ȑ ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚȈȘȐȧȔȐ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȝ ȔȐș-
șȐȖȕȍȘȖȊ ǯȌȍșȤ ȧ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓșȧ ș ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȖȔ Ȇ-Ǵȍȕ-dzȍ-
ȕȖȔ.DzȐȚȈȍȞ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ țȔȖȓȒȕțȊȠȍȋȖ ǩȖȘȐșȈ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȐȟȈ
Ȑ șȊȍȘȒȈȧ țȏȒȐȔȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǬȈ ǬȈ Ǫ Ǻșț-ǺȈȕȋȐ Ȕȣ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓȐșȤ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȇ ȚȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȐȏțȟȈȓ ȚȈȔ ȌȘȍȊȕȦȦ ȒȕȐȋț ȋȌȍ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȓșȧ ȉțȌȌȐȑșȒȐȑ
ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ ǹȧȖ-ǫȐȓȧȕȈ Ǵȍȕȧ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȕȐȋȍ
ȟȈșȚȖȍ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȖȊȖȋȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ Ȇ-Ǵȍȕ ȇ ȏȕȈȓ
ȟȚȖ ȔȖȑ ȘȖȌ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȑ ȗȘȐ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȍ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȌȐȕȈ-

19
șȚȐȐ dzȧȖ-Ȁȍȕ-ǫțȕșȐ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ Ȇ-Ǵȍȕ-dzȍȕȖȊ șȘȈȎȈȓșȧ ș
ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȔ ȒȕȧȏȍȔ ǽȖ-ǵȐȖȚȖ Ȑ ȘȈȏȉȐȓ ȍȋȖ
DzȐȚȈȍȞ țȔȖȓȒ Ȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ ǩȖȘȐșȈ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȐȟȈ
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȚȤ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ
— Ǵȣ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ șȘȈȏț șȖȠȓȐșȤ ș ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȖȔ — ȕȈȟȈȓ ȚȖȚ
— Ȑ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ș ȕȐȔ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ Ȋ ȏȌȈȕȐȐ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ
ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȒțȟȕȣȝ ȓȍȚȕȐȝ Ȕȍșȧ-
ȞȍȊ DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȤ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȊȠȐȑ
ȍȋȖ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȤ Ȑ ȧ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ
ǮȐȚȤ Ȋ ǷȍȒȐȕȍ ȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȖșȚȧȝ ȔȈȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȐȊ-
ȓȍȒȈȓȖ Ȑ Ȕȣ țȍȝȈȓȐ Ȋ ǹȧȖ-ǫȐȓȧȕ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȕȈ ȠȈȓȈȕȌȈȝ ȗȖ
ǮȍȓȚȖȑ ȘȍȒȍ ȌȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȌȖ ȖȚȘȖȋȖȊ ȝȘȍȉȚȈ ǬȎțȕȈȘ
ǹ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȕȐȒȖȔ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȘȈȏȌȖȉȣȊ Ȋ
ȥȚȖȑ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȐ ȔțȓȖȊ Ȕȣ țȋȓțȉȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȓȍ-
șȐșȚȣȍ ȋȖȘȣ
ǸȈșșȒȈȏȟȐȒ ȏȈȓȗȖȔ ȊȣȗȐȓ ȉȖȒȈȓ ȊȐȕȈ Ȑ ȗȖȔȖȓȟȈȊ ȕȍȔ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȓ dzȤȊț ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȐȟț
— Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȍ ȋțșȚȣȍ ȌȍȊșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȈȘȖșȓȐ Ȍțȉ-
ȕȧȒȈ ȊȣșȖȒțȦ șțȝțȦ ȚȘȈȊț ȔȍȎȌț ȚȖȓșȚȣȔȐ șȚȊȖȓȈȔȐ Ȑ Ȟȍ-
ȓțȦ șȍȚȤ ȓȐȈȕ Ȑ ȌȐȒȖȋȖ ȊȐȕȖȋȘȈȌȈ ȗȍȘȍȒȐȌȣȊȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ș
ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȕȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȖ Ǫ ȓȍșț ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȓțȔȘȈȒ ǹȖȓȕȍȟ-
ȕȣȍ ȓțȟȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȤ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȒțȗȖȓ ȓȍșȈ.
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ Ȗșȓȍȗȓȍȕȣ ǷȘȧȔȖ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȕȈȔ ȓȐȓșȧ
ȗȖȚȖȒ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȧȘȒȖȍ ȕȈ-
ȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖȚȚțȌȈ ȓȐȓșȧ ȖșȓȍȗȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȉȍȓȣȑ
șȊȍȚǬȈȎȍ ȕȈȠȐ Ȕțȓȣ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖ ȠȈȘȈȝȕțȓȐșȤ Ȉ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȕȐȒ
țȋȘȦȔȣȑ ȚȐȉȍȚȍȞ ȗȘȖȊȖȘȟȈȓ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ȋȓțȝȖȔ ȋȖȘȚȈȕȕȖȔ
ȕȈȘȍȟȐȐ
—ǪȖȚ Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕȣ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȝȘȈȔȈ
Ǵȣ ȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ dzȐȠȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȕȣ ȊȣȍȝȈȓȐ Ȑȏ ȓȍ-
șȈ șȒȈȏȖȟȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ ȖȚȒȘȣȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈȔȐ
ǶȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȗȖȓȧȕȈ ȏȈȘȖșȠȈȧ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ ȚȘȈȊȖȑ ȒțșȚȈȔȐ
ȞȊȍȚțȡȍȋȖ ȉȈȋțȓȤȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȗȖȓȍȊȣȔȐ ȎȍȓȚȣȔȐ ȓȐȓȐȧȔȐ ȗȖ-
șȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ șțȎȐȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȍȍ ȕȈ ȜȖȕȍ ȚȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȌțȉȖ-
ȊȖȋȖ ȓȍșȈ ȗȖȓȏțȡȍȋȖ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȗȖ ǬȎțȕȈȘț șȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ ȉȍȓȣȍ șȚȍ-
ȕȣ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕ

20
ǴȍșȚȈȔȐ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȖȓșȚȣȝ ȋȓȣȉȈȝ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȍ
ȚȘȍȡȐȕȣ Ȉ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȘȖșȓȐ ȊȍȘȍșȒȐ Ȑ ȗȍșȚȘȍȓȐ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ Ȋȍȕ-
ȟȐȒȐ ȈșȚȖȘȍȑ ǷȍȘȍȌȕȐȑ ȜȈșȈȌ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓ ȘȧȌ ȒȖȓȖȕȕ
țȊȍȕȟȈȕȕȣȝ ȏȈȔȣșȓȖȊȈȚȣȔȐ ȐȏȊȈȧȕȐȧȔȐ șȓȖȕȖȊ Ȑ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ȀȐȘȖȒȈȧ ȚȍȘȘȈșȈ ș ȊȍȌțȡȐȔȐ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȚȘȍȔȧ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȔȐ
ȕȖ țȎȍ ȗȖȓțȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȕȣȔȐ șȚțȗȍȕȧȔȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȚȍȕȐ
ȖȚȉȘȈșȣȊȈȍȔȖȑ ȔȈșșȐȊȕȣȔȐ ȈȘȒȈȔȐ ȗȍȘȍȒȐȕțȚȣȔȐ ș ȒȖ-
ȓȖȕȕȣ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȖȕȕț
ǯȌȍșȤ ȘȖșȓȐ ȒțșȚȣ ȌȐȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȖȌȍȕȌȘȖȕȈ Ȑ ȚȡȍȌțȠȕȣȍ
ȚȈȔȈȘȐșȒȐ ǩȖȋ ȊȍșȚȤ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȏȈȕȍșȍȕȕȣȍ șȦȌȈ Ȋ ȥȚț ȋȖȘȕțȦ
ȖȉȓȈșȚȤ Ǵȣ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȍ Ȋ Ȟȍ-
ȓȖȔ ȔȖȘȍ ȓțȟȍȑ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȉȍȓȣȔȐ șȚȍȕȈȔȐ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕ
Ǫ ȥȚȐȝ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȝ ȋȖȕȞȈȝ ȗȖșȣȓȈȍȔȣȝ ȕȈȔ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț
ȉȣȓ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȑ șȚȘȈșȚȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȚ
DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȏȈȉȣȚȣȑ ȝȘȈȔ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȐșȚȓȍȊ-
ȠȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ țȓȣȉȈȓșȧ ȕȈȔ ȎȐȊȣȔ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ Țȍȗ-
ȓȖȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ șȚȈȘȞȍȊ
ǵȈ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȕȖȔ ȗȖȓțȖȉȊȈȓȐȊȠȍȔșȧ ȜȘȖȕȚȖȕȍ ȟȍȚȒȖ Ȋȣ-
ȌȍȓȧȓȈșȤ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȈȧ ȕȈȌȗȐșȤ
«ǷȘȐȊȍȚ ȗȘȐȠȍȌȠȍȔț»
III
ǩȖȘȐș ǷȈȊȓȖȊȐȟ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓ Ȑ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ
ǺȖȚ șȐȌȍȓ ș ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȖȚȒȐȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȒț
ȒȘȍșȓȈ ȕȖ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȍȋȖ ȜȐȋțȘȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȖȍ
ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ
— ǷȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȑȚȍ ǷȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȑȚȍ — Ƞȍȗȕțȓ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȘȣ-
ȊȈȧ ȋȓȈȏ
ǵȖ ǩȖȘȐș ǷȈȊȓȖȊȐȟ ȏȈȒțȘȐȓ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșț Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ
ȗțșȒȈȧ ȒȖȓȤȞȈ ȌȣȔȈ
— Ǵȣ ȚȘȖȕțȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȝȘȈȔț — ȊȕȖȊȤ ȕȈȟȈȓ Ȗȕ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȕȕȣȑ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏ — ǰȏ ȚȘȈȊȣ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓȈ ȗȈȘȈ ȌȐȒȐȝ ȒȖȏ Ȑ șȚțȟȈ
ȚȊȍȘȌȣȔȐ ȒȖȗȣȚȞȈȔȐ ȊȏȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȗȖ ȉȍȓȣȔ șȚțȗȍȕȧȔ ȕȈ ȚȍȘ-
ȘȈșț Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ șȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȒȖȓȖȕȕ
Ǵȣ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȔțȓȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ Ȓ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕȈȔ

21
Ǫ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȑ șȚȍȕȍ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȏȈ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȈȔȐ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȈșȤ ȠȐ-
ȘȖȒȈȧ ȌȊȍȘȕȈȧ ȕȐȠȈ
ǶȕȈ ȊȍȓȈ Ȋ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȑ ȗȘȐȌȍȓ ȓȐȠȍȕȕȣȑ
ȗȖȚȖȓȒȈ Ȑ șȊȖȌȖȊ Ȑ șȗȓȖȠȤ ȏȈȘȖșȠȐȑ ȒțșȚȈȔȐ ȌțȉȈ ș ȚȘț-
ȌȖȔ ȊȣȉȐȊȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ Ȑȏ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȝ ȡȍȓȍȑ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȓȐȚȈȔȐ
Ǫ ȖȌȕȖȔ țȋȓț ȟȍȘȕȍȓȖșȤ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȍ ȐȏȊȈȧȕȐȍ ǩțȌȌȣ Ȑȏ
șȍȘȖȋȖ ȘȈȒȖȊȐșȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȔȕȧ ǨȌȈȝȋȘȣ
ǩȍȏȋȖȓȖȊȖȍ Ȑ ȉȍȏȘțȒȖȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ șȍȘȖȑ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȋȘț-
ȌȖȑ ȗȧȚȕȈȓȖ ȉȍȓțȦ ȏȈȓȐȚțȦ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ șȚȍȕț Ȑ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȔȖȑ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȑ ȔȖȡȐ Ȑ șȒȖȘȉȕȖȋȖ ȊȍȓȐ-
ȟȐȧ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȖȉȕȈȎȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț

22
Ǵȕȍ ȗȖȟțȌȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȣ șȓȍȌȖȊ
ȖȚ Țȍȝ ȊȏȖȘȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ș ȕȈȌȍȎȌȖȑ Ȑ ȔȖȓȤȉȖȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ
șȍȘțȦ ȜȐȋțȘț ȉȍȏȔȖȓȊȕȖȋȖ ȉȖȋȈ ȘȖȌȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȕȈ ǫȈȕȋȍ
ǿȤȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊȏȐȘȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ
ȐȓȐ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ǩțȌȌț"
ǺȦȘȒșȒȐȍ ȏȈȊȖȍȊȈȚȍȓȐ ȐȕȌȐȑșȒȐȍ ȒȖȟȍȊȕȐȒȐ șțȘȖȊȣȍ
ȚȐȉȍȚșȒȐȍ ȊȖȐȕȣ ȔȐȘȕȣȍ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȣȍ ȎȐȚȍȓȐ DzȐȚȈȧ ȕȍȎ-
ȕȣȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ Ȑȏ șȚȘȈȕȣ ǽȖ-Ǭȏȧȕ-ǷȈȖ — Ȋșȍ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐ-
ȓȐ șȦȌȈ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȝȘȈȔ ǨȔȖ-ǬȎȈȕ-ǵȐȕ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȔȖȓȟȈ-
ȓȐȊȖȍ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ șȐȓȣ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȧ ȐȏȊȈȧȕȐȍ
ǫȌȍ Ȏȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȥȚȐ ȓȦȌȐ" ǪȣșȓțȠȈȓ ȓȐ Ȑȝ ȔȖȓȍȕȤȧ ǩțȌ-
ȌȈ Ȑȏ șȍȘȖȋȖ ȒȈȔȕȧ ȐȕȌȐȑșȒȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȐ" ǷȖȟȍȔț Ȑȝ ȕȍȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ȏȌȍșȤ" ǷȖȟȍȔț ȉȍȓȣȑ ǨȔȖ-ǬȎȈȕ-ǵȐȕ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȈȝ"
Ǵȕȍ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓȐșȤ ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȑ
Ȑ ȌȐȒȐȑ ȇȔȈ-ȚȈ ș ȖȋȕȍȔ Ȑ ȔȍȟȖȔ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȥȚț șȚȘȈȕț
Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ șȍȌȖȔț ȔȖȘșȒȖȔț ȗȘȐȉȖȦ ȘȈȏȉȐȓșȧ Ȗ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȍ
șȚȍȕȣ șȈȔȖȑ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȖȑ ȏȈȡȐȡȍȕȕȖȑ dzȝȈșȣ
ȇȔȈ-ȚȈ Ƞȍȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ ǬȎțȕȈȘ ǷȖșȓȍ ȕȍȋȖ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ ș ȓȐȞȈ
ȏȍȔȓȐ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȍ Ȑ ȠțȔȕȣȍ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ǩȖ-ǺȈ-ǹț ȀȐȕ-dzȐ-ȅȑ Ȑ ǼȈ-
ǺȈ-DzȈȗȍȕ
ǶȚ ȕȐȝ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȒȈȔȕȧ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȕȍ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ǨȚȓȈȕ-
ȚȐȌȍ ȗȖȋȓȖȡȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȖȓȕȈȔȐ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈȊȍȒȐ ȥȚȐ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ ȔțȘȈȊȍȑȕȐȒȐ Ȋ ȉȍȏȌȖȕȕțȦ ȗțȟȐȕț ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
ǰșȟȍȏȓȐ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ ȓȦȌȧȝ"
ǶȚ Ȑȝ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ Ȗ ȕȐȝ ȎȐȊȍȚ
ȓȐȠȤ Ȋ Țȍȝ șȓȍȌȈȝ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȧ ȕȈ șȍȘȖȔ ȐȏțȘȖȌȖȊȈȕȕȖȔ
ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȍ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ ȊșȍȔȖȋțȡȍȋȖ ǩțȌȌȣ
Ǵȕȍ șȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ Ȑ ȧ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȑ șȊȍȚȓȖȑ ȔȖ-
ȋȐȓȣ ȋȌȍ țȗȖȘȕȖ ȕȖ ȉȍșȗȓȖȌȕȖ ȉȖȘȧșȤ ș ȚȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȒȈȔȕȧ
ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ șȓȐȊȈȓșȧ ș ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ Ȑ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȖȑ ȐȕȌȐȑșȒȐȑ
ȉȖȋǵȈ ȚȍȘȘȈșȍ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ Ȇ-Ǵȍȕ-dzȍȕȈ Ƕȕ șȚȖȧȓ Ȋ
ȚȍȕȐ Ȑ ȕȐȏȒȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȤ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȓȐȚț Ȋ
țȋȓț ȏȈ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȈȔȐ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȕȈ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȗȓȐȚȍ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȖșȤ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȗȧȚȕȖ ǿȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȐșȚȓȍȊȠȍȍ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȊȢȍȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȔȘȈȔȖȘ Ȑ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ
ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ș ȕȐȔ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȚȍȔ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȔ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȈȔ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋȣșȍȟȍȕȣ ȕȈ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȝ șȒȈȓȈȝ ǹȈȔȋȖșȈ

23
ǺțȚ Ȏȍ ȐșȚȓȍȊȈȓ ȗȖȟȍȘȕȍȊȠȐȑ ȖȚ ȌȖȎȌȧ Ȑ ȕȈȕȖșȕȖȑ ȞȊȍ-
ȚȍȕȐ ȖșȚȈȚȖȒ ȟȍȘȍȗȈ
ǸȈȏȘțȠȍȕȐȍ șȓȍȌȣ ȊșȍȔȖȋțȡȍȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈȏȉȘȖșȈ-
ȕȣ ȗȖȊșȦȌț Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ șȚȈȘȖȔ ȝȘȈȔȍ
ǸȈȏȣȋȘȣȊȈȓȖșȤ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȚȐȝȐȑ ȊȏȌȖȝ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȌȣ-
ȔȈȓ ȋȘțȌȤ Ȋ șȓȈȌȒȖȑ ȐșȚȖȔȍ ȕȍȐȏȊȍȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȔȐȘȈȓȖ șȍȘȌ-
Ȟȍ Ȉ ȋțȉȣ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȠȍȗȚȈȓȐ
— ǨȔȖ-ǬȎȈȕ-ǵȐȕ ǬȘȍȊȕȐȑ ȉȍȓȣȑ ǨȔȖ-ǬȎȈȕ-ǵȐȕ
IV
ǵȈșȚȈȓȈ ȕȖȟȤ ǺȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȕȖȟȤ ȋȓțȝȐȝ ȋȖȘȐșȚȣȝ șȚȘȈȕ,
ȋȌȍ Ȋșȍ ȏȈșȣȗȈȍȚ Ȑ șȗȐȚ ȕȍ ȠȍȓȖȝȕțȊȠȐșȤ ǵȍ ȠțȔȍȓȐ ȕȈ-
șȍȒȖȔȣȍ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ șȚȘȍȒȖȚȈȓȐ ȞȐȒȈȌȣ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊșȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȓȐ ȗȘȖ-
șȣȗȈȧșȤ ȗȚȐȞȣ
ǺȐȝȖ ȔȍȘȞȈȓȐ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ Ȑ ȓțȕȈ ȏȈȓȐȊȈȓȈ șȊȖȐȔ șȍȘȍȉȘȐș-
ȚȣȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ ǨȔȖ-ǬȎȈȕ-ǵȐȕ Ǫ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȕȕȖ-ȉȓȍȌȕȣȝ ȓțȟȈȝ ȍȍ
ȗȘȐȏȘȈȟȕȖ ȉȍȓȍȓȐ șȚȍȕȣ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȝȘȈȔȈ
DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐ ȚțșȒȓȖȔ ȔȍȘȞȈȕȐȐ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȈȓȤȕȣȝ șȊȍ-
ȟȍȑ șȔȍȘȚȤ șȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȉȍȏȔȖȓȊȕțȦ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȚȘȐȏȕț Ȉ
ȊȘȍȔȧ ȋȓȖȎȍȚ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȒȖȓȖȕȕ Ȑ ȈȘȖȒ ȕȍșȓȣȠȕȖ ȊȗȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ
ȕȐȝǯȈșȣȗȈȧ ȧ ȔȍȓȤȒȖȔ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ Ƕȕ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ
șȗȐȕȍ ȘȧȌȖȔ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ȑ ȘȖȊȕȖ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȌȣȠȈȓ
V
ǷȘȖșȕțȓșȧ ȧ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ Ȑ șȘȈȏț ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǿȚȖ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐ-
ȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ" ǿȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȊȓȈșȚȕȖ ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓȖ șȖȕ" ǷȖȟȍ-
Ȕț ȧ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕ" ȇ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȚȤ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȕȖ
ȍȋȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖȏȓȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȍȓ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ
ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ƕȕ șȚȖȧȓ Ȋ ȕȐȠȍ ȊȝȖȌȈ ȊȖ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȑ ȗȘȐȌȍȓ ȝȘȈ-
ȔȈ Ȑ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȊȣȌȍȓȧȓșȧ ȕȈ ȜȖȕȍ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑ ȧȘȒȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȓțȕȖȑ șȚȍȕȣ

24
ǬȘȖȎȤ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȗȖ ȔȖȍȔț Țȍȓț Ȑ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȏȈȠȍȊȍȓȐ-
ȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ
ǪȣșȖȒȐȑ Ȑ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȑ Ȗȕ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȏȈȔȍȘ Ȑ ȖȒȈȔȍȕȍȓ
ȕȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ țȎȈșȕȖ ǶȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȉȓȍȌȕȖ
DzȘȍȗȒȖ șȎȈȚȣȍ ȟȍȓȦșȚȐ ȉȣȓȐ șȊȍȌȍȕȣ șțȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ǵȍȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȟȕȖȍ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ ȔȣșȓȐ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȟȍȘȚȍ ȓȐ-
ȞȈ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȐȌȐȚ Ȑ
ȖȡțȡȈȍȚ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȖȍ Ȑ ȕȍȖȡțȡȈȍȔȖȍ ȊȐȌȐȚ ș țȎȈșȖȔ Ȑ Ȗȡț-
ȡȈȍȚ ș ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȔ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȍȔ
ǫȓȈȏȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȣ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȐȝ
ȏȈȚȈȐȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȖ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈ
ȓȐȞȍ
ǭȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȌțȠȈ ȍȋȖ ȊȐȚȈȍȚ Ȋ ȐȕȖȔ
ȔȐȘȍ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ȥȚȐȝ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȕȣȝ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕ ȝȘȈȔȈ Ȑ
ȟȍȘȕȣȝ șȖȕȕȣȝ șȚȍȕ ȓȍșȈ
ȇ ȕȈȟȈȓ șȓȍȌȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ
ȕȍȖȉȢȧȚȕțȦ ȕȖ șȚȘȈȕȕțȦ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȤ
Ǫ ȚȖȔ țȋȓț ȋȌȍ ȌȕȍȔ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȗȧȚȕȖ Ȑ ȖȉȓȖȔȖȒ ȟȍȘȍȗȈ ȕȈ
ȗȖȓț ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȘȈȊȕȖȔȍȘȕȖ ȒȖȓȣȝȈȓȖșȤ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȞȊȍȚȖȒ ȈșȚȖȘȍȐ Ǫ ȋȖȓțȉȣȝ ȓțȟȈȝ Ȕȍ-
șȧȞȈ Ȗȕ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ șȖȊșȍȔ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ ǾȊȍȚȖȒ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȓ-
șȧ Ȑȏ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț Ȑ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȐȒȖȊȈȕȣ ȊȏȖȘȣ
Ȇ-Ǵȍȕ-dzȍȕȈ
ǿȚȖ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȓȖ Ȋ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȊȍȕȟȐȒ ȕȍȎȕȖȋȖ
ȞȊȍȚȒȈ" ǪȍȚȘȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǺȐȝȖ ȌȘȍȔȈȓȈ ȚȘȈȊȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȠȍȊȍȓȐ-
ȓȐșȤ ȊȣșȖȒȐȍ șȚȍȉȓȐ ȚȖȕȒȐȝ ȓȐȓȐȑ
ȇ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȕȐȧ ȞȊȍȚȒȈ
Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȕȧȓ Ȋșȍ
Ǫ țȋȓț șȚȖȧȓȈ ȦȕȈȧ ȒȐȚȈȧȕȒȈ ǾȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȌȍȧȕȐȧ ȠȐ-
ȘȖȒȐȔȐ șȒȓȈȌȒȈȔȐ șȒȘȣȊȈȓȐ ȍȍ ȝȘțȗȒȖȍ ȍȌȊȈ șȓȖȎȐȊȠȍȍ-
șȧ ȚȍȓȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ
ǵȈ șȊȍȚȓȖ-ȋȖȓțȉȖȑ ȠȍȓȒ ȒțȘȔȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȣ ȘȍȓȤȍ-
Ȝȣ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȐȉȐșȖȊ ș șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȔȐ ȒȖȘȖȕȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȈȝ
Ǫ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȖșȈȝ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȧȘȒȖ ȘȌȍȓȐ ȌȊȈ ȒȘȈșȕȣȝ ȒȘȖ-
ȊȈȊȖ-ȒȘȈșȕȣȝ ȞȊȍȚȒȈ ȗȘȐȒȖȓȖȚȣȝ Ȓ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȖȑ ȗȘȐȟȍșȒȍ
ȌȊțȔȧ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȠȗȐȓȤȒȈȔȐ ș ȚȐȝȖ ȏȊȍȕȧȡȐȔȐ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔȐ
ȉțȉȍȕȟȐȒȈȔȐ

25
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȗȓȈȊȈȓȈ Ȋ ȓțȕȕȖȔ ȚțȔȈȕȍ Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ
ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȓȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȐȏȧȡȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȒȖȑ
ǯȈ ȒȐȚȈȧȕȒȖȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓȈșȤ ȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ ȈȕȜȐȓȈȌȈ ȒȖȔȕȈȚ
ǩȍȓȣȍ ș ȉȈȔȉțȒȖȊȣȔȐ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȈȔȐ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚȖȔ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȈ ȏȈ-
ȓȣ ȋȌȍ Ȋșȧ ȔȍȉȍȓȤ ȉȣȓȈ Ȑȏ ȗȖȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȉȈȋȘȧȕȖ-ȒȘȈș-
ȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ Ȑ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ©ȗȖȒȖȑ șȖȓȕȞȈª —
ȎȍȓȚȣȑ ȒȘțȋȓȣȑ ȏȈȓ ȐȏțȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȑ șȚȈȘȖȑ șȓȖȕȖȊȖȑ ȒȖ-
șȚȤȦ ȗȍȘȓȈȔțȚȘȖȊȖȑ ȐȕȒȘțșȚȈȞȐȍȑ Ȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ — ȠȓȐ ȥȚȐ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȖȌȕȈ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȚȍȘȧȧșȤ ȏȈ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȑ ȏȈȊȍșȖȑ ȚțȔȈ-
ȕȈ ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȚȖ țȗȓȣȊȈȓȈ ȊȋȓțȉȤ ȚȖ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ
ȚȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȍȍ ȟțȌȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ

26
ǴȈȚȖȊȖ-ȉȍȓȖȍ ș ȕȍȎȕȣȔ ȘțȔȧȕȞȍȔ Ȑ ȧȘȒȐȔȐ șȊȍȎȐȔȐ
ȋțȉȈȔȐ — ȖȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ǺȍȔȕȖ-șȐȕȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȖȌ ȌȓȐȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȘȍșȕȐȞȈȔȐ Ȑ ȚȖȕȒȐȔȐ ȌțȋȈȔȐ ȉȘȖȊȍȑ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ
ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȕȖ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȉȣȓȐ șȓȍȏȣ
ȅȚȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȎȐȊțȚ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȧ
ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȊȖ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȥȚȐȝ ȟȈȘțȦȡȐȝ ȋȓȈȏ Ȑ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ
ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȖȕȐ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȓȐ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȧ Ȋșȍ ȉȣ ȉȘȖșȐȓ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ
ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȊșȦ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕțȦ ȈȕȜȐȓȈȌț ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȣȝ ȒȖȔ-
ȕȈȚ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȌȈȎȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȏȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȖȑ ȏȈ
ȒȖȓȣȝȈȦȡȍȑșȧ ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȒȖȑ ȏȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȑ ȠȐȘȔȖȑ Ȑȏ ȉȘȖȕȏȣ
Ȑ ȘȍȏȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȗȖȌșȚȍȘȍȋȈȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ șȔȍȘȚȤ
ǵȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȦȕȖȑ ȒȐȚȈȧȕȒȐ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ Ȇ-Ǵȍȕ-
dzȍȕȈ
Ǩ Ȗȕ șȚȖȧȓ ȏȈȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȖȚ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȎȐȊȖȑ,
ȕȖ ȕȍ ȎȐȊțȡȐȑ ȏȌȍșȤ
ǺȐȝȖ ȏȈȠȍȊȍȓȐȓȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔȐ ȝȘțȗȒȐȔȐ ȘțȟȒȈȔȐ ȗȘȐ-
ȏȘȈȟȕȈȧ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ Ȑ ȉȍșȠțȔȕȖ ȏȈȠȍȗȚȈȓȐ ȍȍ ȋțȉȣ
DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȓ Ȉ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȡȍ țȗȖȘȕȍȍ Ȑ
ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȍȍ ȊȗȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ
ȇ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȖȚȝȓȣȕțȓȈ ȒȘȖȊȤ Ȑ
ȓȍȌȍȕȧȡȐȑ ȝȖȓȖȌ ȖȒțȚȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ș ȕȍȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȔ țȗȖȘșȚ-
ȊȖȔ ȊșȓțȠȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȏȊțȒȐ ȕȖȟȐ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ țȓȖȊȐȚȤ ȠȍȗȖȚ Ȍȍ-
ȊțȠȒȐ ȚȍȕȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȕȖ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȓȈșȤ ț ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȒȈ
ȈșȚȖȘȍȐ.
ǵȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȏȊțȒ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȍȚȈȓ ȌȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȖ ȧ ș țȎȈșȖȔ șȖȏ-
ȕȈȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ șȓȣȠț ȋȘțșȚȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ-ȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ ȇ ȉȣȓ
țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ șȝȖȎț ș țȔȈ ǺȍȓȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȔȖȐ ȖȘ-
ȋȈȕȣ ȟțȊșȚȊ șȗȈȓȐ ǵȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ Ȑ ȉȖȌȘșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ Ȑȕȣȍ
ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ Ȕȕȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȧ Ȋșȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ șȓȣȠȈȓ Ȑ ȗȖȕȐ-
ȔȈȓ
VI
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ
— ǷȘȐȊȍȚ Țȍȉȍ dzȍȕ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ Ȋ ȘȖȌȍ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȋȖ Ȇ-Ǵȍ-
ȕȈ!

27
— ǷȘȐȊȍȚ ȌȖȟȍȘȐ ǹȈȔ-ǻȘ-Ǫȍȧ ǬȏȐ-ȀȖ-DzȈȦȕ
— ȇ ȘȖȌȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȟȈș ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȓȖȑ ȌȘȈȒȖȕ dzȦțȕ ȏȈȒ-
Șȣȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȝȊȖșȚȖȔ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȖȋȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ǮȐ-ǺȖ*.
ǰ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȔțȌȘȣȍ ȉȖȕȏȣ ȎȐȏȕȤ șȓȈȊȕțȦ
©Ǻȣ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȔȖȍȔț ȖȚȞț ǹȈȔ-ǻȘ-ǪȍȦ — ȉțȌȍȠȤ
ȊȍȓȐȒ Ȑ șȓȈȊȍȕ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȊȖȦ ȌȖȟȤ ǶȕȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȎȍȕȖȑ ȉȖȋȌȣȝȈ-
ȕȈ ȗȖȚȖȔȒȈ dzȦțȕȈª
ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȐȕ ȉȖȕȏȈ ȗȘȐȠȍȌȠȐȑ Ȑȏ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȋȖ DzȖȑ- ǷȐȕ-
ǻȕȋȈ ȋȖȘȤȒȖ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
©ǹȈȔ-ǻȘ-Ǫȍȑ ǬȖȟȤ ȚȊȖȧ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȈ ǺȧȎȍȓȈ ȉțȌȍȚ
ȒȖȕȟȐȕȈ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȟȈș ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȓȖȑ dzȦțȕ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖȎȐȘȈȚȤ ȕȍȉȍș-
ȕȣȑ ȠȈȘ».
* ɋɨɥɧɰɚ.

28
ǹ ȚȖȑ ȗȖȘȣ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ȟȍȚȣȘȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ Ȋȍșȍȕ Ȑ ȧ șȚȈȓȈ ȗȍȘ-
ȊȖȑ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȍȑ ȖȚ ȓȍșȖȊ Ǩȕ-ǫȍȔȈ ȌȖ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ șȚȍȕȣ ȖȉȍȘȍ-
ȋȈȦȡȍȑ Ƿȥ-ǹȐȕȤ * ȖȚ ȌȐȒȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ șȚțȌȍȕȖȋȖ șȍȊȍȘȈ
Ǫ ȟȍșȚȤ ȔȖȦ șȓȈȋȈȓȐșȤ ȗȍșȕȐ Ȑ Ȑȝ țșȓȣȠȈȓ șȈȔ ȉȖȋȌȣ-
ȝȈȕ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤ Ƿȥ-ǹȐȕȧ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ
ȊȏȧȚȤ Ȋ Ȏȍȕȣ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȊȍȘȕȣȝ ȋȖȕȞȖȊ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȗȖȚȖȔȖȒ dzȦț-
ȕȈ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȓ Ȗ ȗȘȐȉȣȚȐȐ șȊȖȍȔ Ȋ ǹȖ-ǺȖ-Ȁȍȕ
ǩȖȋȈȚȣȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ ǹȖ-ǺȖ-Ȁȍȕ ǬȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȌȖȘȖȋ ȊȍȓȐ Ȓ ȕȍȔț
ȟȍȘȍȏ ȓȍșȈ ȋȖȘȣ Ȑ ȌȖȓȐȕȣ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȊȣșȖȒȐȔȐ șȚȍ-
ȕȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȈ ș ȊȍȘȠȐȕȣ ǬȎțȕȈȘȈ ǴȖ-dzȐȕȤ
Ǫ șȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ șȚȖȧȓ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȌȖȔ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ ȉȖȋȈȚȖȋȖ
ǹȈȔ-ǻȘ-Ǫȍȧ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ȑșȟȍȏ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȖȚ șȚȍȕ
ȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȖȊ ȧ ȕȈȝȖȎț ȗȖȌ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȖȔ ȚȘȈȊ Ȑ ȌȐȒȐȝ ȔȝȖȊ ȒȖȋȌȈ
Ȋ ȠȍșȚȖȍ ȗȖȓȕȖȓțȕȐȍ ȉȓțȎȌȈȦ ȗȖ ȏȍȔȓȍ
ǯȈȘȖșȓȐ ȗȈȗȖȘȖȚȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ǶșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȍȕȣ
ȌȖȔȈ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓ Ȗȕ ȆȈȕȤ-ȀȐȕ-ǩȈ-ǼȈȧ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȉȖȋ-
ȌȣȝȈȕȈ Ȑȏ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȋȕȍȏȌȈ ǽțȕ-ǩȈȖ
VII
ǹ ȏȈȒȈȚȖȔ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȎȌȈȓȐ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȉȣȚȐȧ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȧ Ƿȥ-
ǹȐȕȧ ǵȈ șȚȍȕȈȝ șȚȖȧȓȐ ș ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȦȕȋȈȔȐ șȚȖ ȔȓȈȌȠȐȝ
ȉȖȕȏ Ȑ ȎȌȈȓȐ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȋȖȕȞȖȊ ȉȖȋȌȣȝȈȕȈ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȖȚ ȏȈțȕȣȊȕȣȝ ȏȊțȒȖȊ ȚȘțȉ Ȑ
șȉȍȎȈȓșȧ ȕȈȘȖȌ Ȓ ȊȖȘȖȚȈȔ ȉȍȓȣȝ șȚȍȕ
ǷȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ Ƞȍȓ ȦȕȖȠȈ Ƞȍȓ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȑ ȕȖ ȋȖȘȌȣȑ
ǷȖȌȖȑȌȧ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȗȕ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
©ȇ țȏȕȈȓ Țȍȉȧ ǬȏȐ-ȀȍȖ-DzȈȦȕ Ǫ ȔȖȍȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȑ
DzȈț-ȓȐ-ȚȈ-ȉȈȚ ȧ ȔȕȖȋȖ șȓȣȠȈȓ Ȗ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ
ȒȈȒ ȐșȚȐȕȕȈȧ ȔțȌȘȖșȚȤ ȘȍȌȒȈ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ
ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȧ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȚȤ ȕȈ Țȍȉȧ Ȑ țȑȚȐ ȇ Ƞȍȓ Țȣ-
șȧȟț Ȍȕȍȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ Țȍȉȧ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȊȕȖ
ȓȦȉȓȦ Țȍȉȧ Ȋ ȔȍȟȚȈȝ ȔȖȐȝª
* Ʉɢɬɚɣ

29
Ǵȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȓȈȌȒȖ șȓȣȠȈȚȤ ȓȈșȒȖȊȣȍ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȣȍ ȘȍȟȐ
ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ȦȕȖȠȐ ȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȐȋ ȏȈȚȘțȉȐȓȐ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȔȍȌȕȣȍ
ȋȖȕȋȐ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȗȈȘ șȕȍȎȕȖ-ȉȍȓȣȝ ȔțȓȖȊ Ȋȕȍ-
șȓȐ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȏȖȓȖȟȍȕȣȑ ȗȈȓȈȕȒȐȕ ȉȖȋȌȣȝȈȕȈ
ǵȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȓȐȞȈ ȔȖȋțȟȍȋȖ ȆȈȕȤ-ȀȐȕ-
ǩȈ-ǼȈȧ
Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȝ ȗȖȒȖȍȊ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ Ȑ ȕȍ
ȏȊȈȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ
ǹȚȘȈȎȈ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖ șȚȖȧȓȈ ț ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȌȖȔȈ Ȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖ
ȠȍȗȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ șȓțȋȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȧ
ǽȘȈȉȘȣȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȐ ȊȖȑșȒ ȉȖȋȌȣȝȈȕȈ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ șȒȈȒȈȓȐ ȕȈ
ȉȣșȚȘȣȝ ȒȖȕȧȝ Ȑ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓȐșȤ țșȚȈȓȣȍ Ȑ ȕȍȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȍ Ȉ ș
ȒȖȕȍȑ șȚȘțȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȉȍȓȈȧ ȋȖȘȧȟȈȧ ȗȍȕȈ
Ǫ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȍ ȟțȧ ȉȍȌț ȘȈȏȖȠȍȓșȧ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȗȖ ȌȖȔȈȔ Ȑ șȚȈȓȐ
ȋȈșȕțȚȤ ȉȓȈȋȖȊȖȕȕȣȍ șȊȍȚȐȓȤȕȐȒȐ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȔ ȌȖȔȍ
ȇ șȕȧȓȈ ș șȍȉȧ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȍ țȉȖȘȣ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȧ ȧȝȖȕȚȖȊȣȍ
ȠȈȘȐȒȐ ȌțȔȈȓȈ Ȗ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȔ ȦȕȖȠȍ
— ǫȌȍ Ȗȕ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ" DzȚȖ Ȗȕ" ǶȚȒțȌȈ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȑ ȒțȌȈ țȌȈ-
ȓȐȓșȧ"
ǺȐȝȖ șȒȘȐȗȕțȓȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑȏ ȘȍȏȕȖȋȖ ȉȈȔȉțȒȈ ǪȐȌȕȖ ȊȍȚȍȘ
Ȍțȕțȓ ȗȘȐȔȟȈȊȠȐșȤ ș ǬȎțȕȈȘȈ Ȑ ȚȘȖȕțȓ ȓȍȋȒțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ǵȖ ȧ ȊȌȘțȋ țșȓȣȝȈȓȈ ȋȖȓȖș ȚȐȝȐȑ ȍȓȍ ȊȕȧȚȕȣȑ Ƞȍ-
ȗȖȚ ȇ țȏȕȈȓȈ ȋȖȓȖș ȚȖȋȖ ȦȕȖȠȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ
ț ȊȖȘȖȚ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȘȖșȚȣȍ Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȓȦȉȊȐ
©ǬȏȐ-ȀȖ-DzȈȦȕ ǵȍȎȕȣȑ ȞȊȍȚȖȒ ȌȍȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǬȎțȕȈ-
ȘȈ Ȑ șȖȓȕȞȈ ǽȖ-Ǭȏȧȕ-ǷȈȖ ȌțȠȈ ȌțȠȐ ȔȖȍȑ — ȠȍȗȚȈȓ Ȗȕ
— Ǻȣ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȓȐ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ
ȎȐȏȕȤ"»
— ȅȚȖ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȖȌȕȈ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ǩȍȏ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȕȍȚ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǰ ȧ ȓȦȉȓȦ Țȍȉȧ ȕȖ Țȣ Țȣ ȓȦȉȐȠȤ ȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ"ª
ȇ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȈ Ȋ șȚȘȈȝȍ Ȑ șȚȣȌȍ
©ǵȖ ȧ ȉȍȌȍȕ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȦȕȖȠȈ — ȉȍȌȍȕ ȒȈȒ ȗȚȐȞȈ
ǯȈȚȖ ȧ ȒȈȒ ȗȚȐȞȈ, țȔȍȦ ȗȍȚȤª.
ǰ Ȗȕ ȏȈȗȍȓ ȚȐȝțȦ ȗȍșȕȦ Ȗ șȚȘȈȕȍ ȋȌȍ Ȋșȧ ȏȍȔȓȧ ȏȈȓȐȚȈ
ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ǫȌȍ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȑ ȖȉȐȎȈȍȚ ȉȍȌȕȖȋȖ șȐȓȤȕȣȑ țȉȐȊȈȍȚ șȓȈ-
ȉȖȋȖ țȔȕȣȑ ȖȉȔȈȕȣȊȈȍȚ ȋȓțȗȖȋȖ
©DzȈȎȌȈȧ ȖȉȐȌȈ — ȗȍȓ ȦȕȖȠȈ — ȒȈȗȓȧ ȒȘȖȊȐ DzȈȎȌȈȧ
șȓȍȏȈ — ȈȓȈȧ ȒȘȖȊȤ

30
ǴȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȐȌ ȔȕȖȋȖ șȓȍȏ — ȚȈȒ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȕȈ-
ȗȐȓȈșȤ ȏȍȔȓȧ
dzȦȌȐ ȚȖȕțȚ Ȋ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȉȍȏȌȖȕȕȖȑ ȚȘȧșȐȕȍ
ȔȘȈȟȕȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ ǸȋțȕȌȎȈ ǺȖȕțȚ Ȑ ȋȐȉȕțȚ ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ,
șȖȏȌȈȕȕțȦ ȐȔȐ
ǵȖ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȘȤ Ȑ ȗȖȓȦȉȐȚ Ȗȕ ǬȏȐ-ȀȖ-DzȈȦȕ ǰ ȗȖ-
ȓȦȉȐȚ ǬȏȐ-ȀȖ-DzȈȦȕ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȘȧ ǹȐȓȤȕȈ Ȑ ȋȖȘȧȟȈ ȒȈȒ șȖȓȕ-
Ȟȍ ȉțȌȍȚ Ȑȝ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ǰ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȚȖȔț ȒȈȒ ȐșȟȍȏȈȍȚ ȊȖȌȈ ȖȚ
ȎȈȘȒȐȝ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȝ ȓțȟȍȑ șȉȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȋȘȧȌȣ șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȣȝ Ȗȉ-
ȓȈȒȖȊ ȚȈȒ ȖȚ Ȑȝ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȐșȟȍȏȕȍȚ Ȋșȧ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍª.
ǶȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȗȍȊȍȞ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ǫ ȔȖȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȖȋȘț-
ȏȐȓ Ȗȕ ȖșȚȘȐȧ șȊȖȐȝ ȊȏȖȘȖȊ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȌȖȓȋȖ Ȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ
©dzȦȉȓȦ Țȍȉȧ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȦȕȖȠȈ! — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȧ ȕȍ ȉȖȧșȤ
Ȑ ȕȍ șȚȣȌȧșȤ șȊȖȍȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ. — ǷțșȚȤ Țȣ ȉȍȌȍȕ ȒȈȒ ȗȚȐȞȈ — ȧ
ȗȖȑȌț ȏȈ ȚȖȉȖȑ ǯȕȖȑ Ȑ șȚțȎȈ șȟȈșȚȤȍ Ȑ ȋȖȘȍ ȉțȌțȚ ȕȈ ȘȈ-
ȌȖșȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ǵȍ ȉȍȌȍȕ Țȣ ȍșȓȐ Țȍȉȧ ȉȍȏȏȈȊȍȚȕȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȓȦ-
ȉȐȚȤ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ Ǻȣ — ȉȖȋȈȚȣȘȤ»
ǰ ȗȖȒȈ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȕȍ ȉȓȍșȕțȓȖ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȖșȚȘȖȊȍȘȝȖȋȖ
ǬȎțȕȈȘȈ Ȕȣ ȚȐȝȖ ȠȍȗȚȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț Ȗ șȟȈșȚȤȍ Ȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ
©ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȘȐȌț Ȓ Țȍȉȍ ȗȍșȕȧ ȗȍșȕȍȑ ȔȖȐȝª
— șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȦȕȖȠȈ Ȑ Ȑșȟȍȏ ȒȈȒ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ
Ǫ ȗȖȓȌȍȕȤ șȈȔ ȆȈȕȤ-ȀȐȕ-ǩȈ-ǼȈȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȉȖȋȌȣ-
ȝȈȕ Ȑȏ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ Ȑ șȓȈȊȕȖȋȖ ȋȕȍȏȌȈ ǽțȕ-ǩȈȖ, ȗȘȐȏȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ
Ȓ șȍȉȍ
ȇ ȗȈȓȈ ȕȐȞ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȍȔ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌȣȠȈ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ Ȑ
ȊȕȐȔȈȓȈ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ Ȕȕȍ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ:
©ǬȖȟȤ ǹȈȔ-ǻȘ-Ǫȍȧ Ǻȣ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȔȖȍȑ ȎȍȕȖȑ ǷȍȘȊȖȑ ȏȊȍȏ-
ȌȖȑ șȘȍȌȐ Ȋșȍȝ Ȏȍȕ Ƿȥ-ǹȐȕȧ ȉțȌȍȠȤ Țȣ ȀȍȓȒ Ǻțȧȕ-dzȖț
ȏȖȓȖȚȖ ǽȐȕ-ǫȈȕȈ șȈȔȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ ǴȖ-ǫȈ-dzȐȕȧ șȓȖȕȖ-
ȊȈȧ ȒȖșȚȤ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȋȖ ǬȎȐȕȌȈ Ȑ ȗȍȘȓȣ ǺȖ-ǸȈ-ǹțȈȕȧ ȉțȌțȚ ț
ȕȖȋ ȚȊȖȐȝ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ ǬȎțȕȈȘȈ ǸȈȉȖȊ Ȑ ȘȈȉȣȕȤ ȉȍșȟȐșȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȧ ȌȈȔ Țȍȉȍ ǮȐȏȕȤ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ƿȥ-ǹȐȕȧ ȉțȌȍȚ Ȋ
ȚȊȖȍȑ ȊȓȈșȚȐ Ǻȣ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȎȍȕȖȑ ȔȖȍȑ ȅȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ Țȍȉȍ ȧ —
ȆȈȕȤ-ȀȐȕ-ǩȈ-ǼȈȑ șȣȕ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȓțȟȈ ǵȈ-ȆȈȕȤ-ǽțȕ-
ǩȈȖ ȗȖȚȖȔȖȒ ȊșȍȔȖȋțȡȍȋȖ dzȦțȕȈª.
DzȖȕȟȐȓ șȊȖȦ ȘȍȟȤ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤ Ȉ ȧ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȈ
©Ȇ-Ǵȍȕ — ȗȖȏȊȈȓ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȔȍȘȠȍȋȖ
ȗȘȍȌȒȈ — ǹȗȘȖșȐ ȌȍȊțȠȒț Ȗ ȍȍ șȖȋȓȈșȐȐª.

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ǺȧȎȍȓȣȔȐ ȠȈȋȈȔȐ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȉȘȧȞȈȧ ȖȘțȎȐȍȔ
Ȇ-Ǵȍȕ Ȑ ȋȘȖȏȕȖ ȊȖȗȘȖșȐȓ©ǬȏȐ-ȀȖ-DzȈȦȕ ǹȖȋȓȈșȕȈ ȓȐ Țȣ
ȉȣȚȤ ȎȍȕȖȑ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȧ ȊșȍȋȖ Ƿȥ-ǹȐȕȧ"ª
ǰ ȚȐȝȖ ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ ȧ ȒȈȒ ȌțȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȊȍȚȍȘȒȈ ȖȌȕȖ ȓȐȠȤ
șȓȖȊȖ
«ǵȍȚ»
©ǷȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤ — ȊșȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ȇ-Ǵȍȕ — ǷȘȐȒȈȎȐ Ȑ ȧ țȉȤȦ
ȍȍ»
©ǶșȚȈȊȤ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ǶȕȈ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȈ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧȝª —
ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ.
©ǬȏȐ-ȀȖ-DzȈȦȕ — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ — Țȣ ȓȦȉȐȠȤ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ"ª
«ǬȈ» — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȧ ȒȈȒ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȍ ȋȖȘȕȖȍ ȥȝȖ Ȋ țȡȍȓȤȍ
dzȤȖ-ǴȈ-ǸȈȉțȒȈ
«Ƕȕ — ȉȖȋȈȚ Ȑ ȏȕȈȚȍȕ"»
«Ƕ ȕȍȚ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ șȣȕ dzȦțȕȈ Ƕȕ ȉȍȌȍȕ Ȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȍȕ»
— ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȧ.
©ǰ Țȣ ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ ȏȈȉȣȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊșȍȔȖȋțȡȍȋȖ ȆȈȕȤ-
ǩȈ-ǼȈȧ"» — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȌȘȖ-
ȎȈȓ ȋȕȍȊ
«ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓȈ ȧ — ǵȍȚ ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ»
ǻȠȍȓ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤ Ȉ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ țȠȓȈ ȍȋȖ șȊȐȚȈ Ȑ șȒȘȣȓȐșȤ Ȋ
ȗȖȒȖȧȝ ȌȖȔȈ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ ȇ Ȏȍ Ȋșȧ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȚȘȖșȚȕȐȒ
șȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȏȍȘȈ ǹȈȦ-ǽȈȕ Ȑ ȎȌȈȓȈ ȕȖȟȐ
dzȐȠȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖșȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȓțȕȈ ȌțȉȖȊȣȑ ȓȍș Ȑ ȋțșȚȣȍ ȏȈȘȖș-
ȓȐ ȗȈȝțȟȐȝ ȚȈȔȈȘȐșȒȖȊ ȦȕȖȠȈ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ
«ǷȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊțȦ Țȍȉȧ ȊȏȌȖȝ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȔȍȟȚȈ ȌȖȉȘȣȝ ȌțȝȖȊ
ȧȘȒȐȑ ȓțȟ ȎȐȏȕȐ — ȕȈȟȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȇ ȓȦȉȓȦ Țȍȉȧ Ǻȣ șȍȋȖȌ-
ȕȧ Ȋ ȗȖȓȌȍȕȤ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊ ȔȖȐȝ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊ ȉȖȋȌȣȝȈ-
ȕȈ ǶȚȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȍȓȧ
Ȕȍȕȧ — ȉȍȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȉȍȏȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ
ȇ ȆȈȕȤ-ȀȐȕ-ǼȈȑ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤ Ƿȥ-ǹȐȕȧ țȏȕȈȦ Țȍȉȧ Ȍȍ-
ȊțȠȒȈ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖșȚȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȕȣȑ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖșȚȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȕȣȑ ȧ
ȔȖȓȦ Țȍȉȧ ȊȖȑȚȐ Ȋ ȔȖȑ ȌȊȖȘȍȞ ȕȈ Dzț-ǶȓȐ-ǨȟȈȕȍ ȒȈȒ ȎȍȕȈ
Ȑ ȞȈȘȐȞȈ»
dzȐȠȤ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȔȍșȧȞ Ȑ ȋțșȚȣȍ ȚȈȔȈȘȐșȒȐ ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȐ Ȋ
ȖȒȕȈ Ȑ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȊȏȧȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ
ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ

32
ǵȖ ȏȈșȒȘȐȗȍȓ ȗȍșȖȒ ȗȖȌ ȖȒȕȖȔ Ȑ ȊȣȋȓȧȕțȊ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ
ȊȖȐȕȈ Ȋ ȉȘȖȕȏȖȊȣȝ ȓȈȚȈȝ Ȑ Ȋ ȠȓȍȔȍ ș ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔ ȌȘȈȒȖȕȖȔ
Ƕȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ƞȍȓ Ȑ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ Ȕȍȟ
«ǻȑȌȐ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤ ȏȓȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȗȍȠȐȚ șȦȌȈ ǰȌȐ —
țȒȘȖȑșȧ» — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȧ Ƕȕ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
«ȇ țȑȌț ǵȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȌȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȓȦȌȐ Ȗ ȕȈ-
ȠȍȔ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ǽȖȟț ȉȣȚȤ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȔ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȖȚ ȟțȎȐȝ ȋȓȈȏ».
Ƕȕ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȗȘȐȎȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȑ Ȑșȟȍȏ ȒȈȒ ȐșȟȍȏȈȍȚ țȚ-
Șȍȕȕȧȧ ȔȋȓȈ Ȋ ǼȖ-ǺȖ-ǩȖȑȍ ȗȘȐ ȦȎȕȖȔ ȊȍȚȘȍ ș DzȖ-ǷȖ-Ǻț
ǭȌȊȈ țșȗȍȓ ȏȈȔȍȘȍȚȤ ȏȈ țȠȍȌȠȐȔ ȦȕȖȠȍȑ-ȉȖȋȌȣȝȈȕȖȔ
ȏȖȓȖȚȐșȚȣȑ ȠȍȓȒ ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȖȒ — ȊȖȠȍȓ ȋȘȖȏȕȣȑ ȊȖȐȕ
«ǹȓțȠȈȑ, Țȣ ȌȖȟȤ ǹȈȕ-ǻȘ-Ǫȍȧ Ǻȍȉȍ șȒȈȎȍȚ șȓȖȊȖ ȊȖȍ-
ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȧ Ȇ-Ǵȍȕ ȗȘȖȏȊȈȕȤȍȔ ǹț-ǫȈ-Țțȕ—ȋȖȘ-
ȕȣȑ ȖȘȍȓ
Ǻȣ ȖȒȖȓȌȖȊȈȓȈ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȆȈȕ-ȀȐȕ-ǩȈ-ǼȈȧ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ
Țȍȉȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȌȊȖȘȞȍ ȕȈ Dzț-ǶȓȐ-ǨȟȈȕȍ șȒȊȖȏȤ șȖȕ ȕȈȘȈș-
ȗȍȊ Ȗȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗ Țȍȉȍ ȝȊȈȓȐȓ ȚȊȖȦ ȒȘȈșȖȚț șȍȘȌȞȍ ȌȖȉȘȖȍ
Ȑ țȔ ǬȊȍ ȕȖȟȐ ȗȖȌȘȧȌ Ȗȕ ȐșȟȍȏȈȍȚ Ȑȏ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȖȒȖȍȊ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ
ȉȍșșȓȍȌȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑșȟȍȏ Ȗȕ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȈȓȈȕȒȐȕȈ ȓȐȠȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȊȌȈȓȐ Ȕȣ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȉȍȓȣȍ șȚȍȕȣ ǹȖ-ǺȖ-ȀȥȕȈ
Ǻȣ ȖȒȖȓȌȖȊȈȓȈ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȧ Ȑ ȊȖȚ, ȊȏȋȓȧȕȐ — ȗȖȓȏȍȚ ȗȖ
ȕȍȉț ȏȓȖȑ dzȦțȕ Ȑ țȎȍ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȗȖȎȐȘȈȚȤ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȑ ȠȈȘ ȔȍȘȚ-
ȊȖȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ ȓțȕȣ ȅȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȊȍȡȈȍȚ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ȗȖȚȖȔȒț
dzȦțȕȈ ȉȖȋȌȣȝȈȕț Ƿȥ-ǹȐȕȧ Ȑ ȚȊȖȦ șȔȍȘȚȤ ǬȏȐ-ȀȖ-DzȈȦȕª
ǫȘȖȏȕȣȑ Ȇ-Ǵȍȕ ȊȖȕȏȐȓ Ȋ ȔȖȦ ȋȘțȌȤ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȑ Ȕȍȟ Ȑ
ȗȈȓȈ ȧ, ȒȈȒ ȗȖȌȘȍȏȈȕȕȣȑ ȒȖȓȖș șȖȏȘȍȊȠȍȑ ȗȠȍȕȐȞȣ
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȧȕȣȑ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ șȊȖȍȑ
ȎȍȕȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȓȍȓ șȎȍȟȤ ȔȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ǴȖȑ ȗȘȈȝ Ȋ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ șȖ-
șțȌȍ Ȗȕ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ Ȋ ȊȣȌȖȓȉȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȘȈȔȖȘ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȑ șȚȍȕȣ
Ȑ șȒȘȣȓ ȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȊȏȖȘȖȊ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǩțȌȌȖȑ Ȑȏ șȍȘȖȋȖ ȒȈȔȕȧ ǨȎ-
ȌȈȋȘȣ
DzȘȖȊȈȊȖȋȖ Ȇ-ǴȍȕȈ ȒȈȏȕȐȓ ȔȖȑ șțȗȘțȋ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤ Ȑ
ȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ Ȗȕ ȖȉȈȋȘȐȓ ȗȖȌȕȖȎȐȍ ǩțȌȌȣ Ȑ ȏȈȓȐȓ ȍȦ șȚȍȕț
ȋȌȍ ȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ ȔȖȑ ȗȘȈȝ
ȆȈȕ-ȀȐȕ-ǩȈ-ǼȈȑ ȒțȗȐȓ ȌȖȔ ǹȈȔ-ǻȘ-Ǫȍȧ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
«ǶȚȕȣȕȍ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȖȔ — ȝȘȈȔ ǰȔȧ ȍȋȖ — ǨȔȖ-ǬȎȈȕ-ǵȐȕ
ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȍ ȋȖȘȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ»

33
ǰ Ȋȍȓȍȓ ȉȖȋȌȣȝȈȕ ȗȍȘȍșȍȓȐȚȤșȧ ȊșȍȔ ȎȐȚȍȓȧȔ ǹȖ-ǺȖ-
ȀȍȕȈ Ȋ șȖșȍȌȕȐȍ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ Ȑ șȎȍȋ Ȗȕ ǹȖ-ǺȖ-Ȁȍȕ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȊ
ȓȐȠȤ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȝȘȈȔ
Ǩ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȋȖȌ ȗȘȐȔȟȈȓșȧ Ȋ ǨȔȖ-ǬȎȈȕ-ǵȐȕ Ȧȕȣȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈ-
șȕȣȑ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤ Ƿȥ-ǹȐȕȧ Ȑ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȕȖȑ ȚȍȕȤȦ ț ȞȊȍȚȒȈ Ȉș-
ȚȖȘȍȐ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ǬȏȐ-ȀȖ-DzȈȦȕ ȊȣȏȊȈȕȕȈȧ șȐ-
ȓȖȑ ȍȋȖ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȑ șȚȘȈșȚȤȦ ȍȋȖ ȏȖȊȈ
ǬȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȕȖȟȐ ȒȖȘȖȚȈȓȐ Ȕȣ ș ȕȐȔ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȍ ȚȖ șȚȘȈ-
șȚȕȖ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖ ȗȣȓȒȐȍ ȚȖ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ-ȕȍȎȕȣȍ ȕȖ ȕȈ ȌȍșȧȚȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ
țșȓȣȝȈȓȐ Ȕȣ ȏȊțȒȐ ȋȖȕȋȖȊ Ȑ ȉȖȍȊȣȝ ȘȖȎȒȖȊ ǺȖ ȔȟȈȓȐșȤ
ȊȖȐȕȣ ȕȈ ȗȖȐșȒȐ ȉȖȋȌȣȝȈȕȈ
«ǷȘȐȔȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕȍ “șȚȈ ȌțȝȖȊ”, — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȚȖȋȌȈ
ȆȈȕȤ-ȀȐȕ-ǩȈ-ǼȈȑ — ȗȘȐȔȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȔȖȧ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȈȧ Ȏȍ-
ȕȈ ǬȏȐ-ȀȖ-DzȈȦȕ»
ǰ ȘȈȏȉȍȎȈȊȠȐșȤ ȊȖȚ ȖȚ ȚȖȑ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ ș ȏȊȍȘȖȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȔȐ
ȓȦȌȤȔȐ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȍ Ȗȕ țȌȈȘȐȓșȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȗ ȚȊȍȘȌȣȑ ȔȘȈ-
ȔȖȘ șȚȍȕȣ ǨȔȖ-ǬȎȈȕ-ǵȐȕȈ
ǩȘȣȏȕțȓȈ ȞȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȘȖȌȈ ǽțȕ-
ǩȈȖ Ȑ ȗȈȓ Ȗȕ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȑ ǭȋȖ ȌțȠȈ ș ȚȐȝȖȑ ȗȍșȕȤȦ șȓȐȓȈșȤ
șȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ȋ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ ©șȚȈ ȌțȝȖȊª
ǴȐȔȖ ȗȘȖȔȟȈȓȐșȤ ȊȖȐȕȣ ȉȖȋȌȣȝȈȕȈ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȎȐȓȈ ȚȘȍ-
ȊȖȋȈ Ȑ șȔțȚȈ Ȋ Ƿȥ-ǹȐȕȍ
ǷȘȖȠȓȐ ȊȍȒȈ ǰșȚȓȍȓ ȆȈȕȤ-ȀȐȕ-ǩȈ-ǼȈȑ ǭȋȖ ȚȍȓȖ ȊȢȍ-
ȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȔȘȈȔȖȘ Mo-dzȐȕȧ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȘȍȗ ȉȖȋȌȣȝȈȕȈ
ȗȍȘȍȎȐȓ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȘȧȌ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȝ ȚȤȍȕ-ȉȈȦ *
DzȘȖȊȈȊȣȑ Ȇ-Ǵȍȕ șȊȍȘȠȐȓ ȋȘȖȏȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ Ƕȕ ȓȐȠȐȓ Ƿȥ-
ǹȐȕȤ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȍȑȠȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȊȓȈȌȣȒ Ȑ ȕȍȎȕțȦ ǬȏȐ-ȀȖ-DzȈȦȕ
ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔțȎȈ
VIII
ǵȈșȚțȗȐȓȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ țȦȚȕȖȔ
ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ȕȍȚ ȎȐȊȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ
* ɋɬɨɥɟɬɢɟ

34
ǩȖȘȐș ǷȈȊȓȖȊȐȟ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓ șȊȖȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ȕȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȔ șȓȖ-
Ȋȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌȊȐȋȈȓșȧ
ǵȈ ȓȐȞȍ dzȤȊȈ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȐȟȈ ȏȈșȚȣȓȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȖȎȐȌȈ-
ȕȐȧǬȖȓȋȖ ȌȓȐȓȖșȤ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ ǭȋȖ ȕȈȘțȠȐȓ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȑ ȊȏȊȖȓ-
ȕȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ȇ-Ǵȍȕ-dzȍȕ
— ǩȖȘȐș ǷȈȊȓȖȊȐȟ — ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ — Ǫȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȖȒȖȕ-
ȟȐȚȤ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ
— Ǵȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȥȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȚȖȚ — ȕȖ ȧ
ȐșȗȖȓȕȦ ȊȈȠȍ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȕȈȟȈȓ
— DzȖȋȌȈ ȒȐȚȈȧȕȒȈ ȏȈȔȖȓȒȓȈ ȧ șȖȉȘȈȓ Ȋșȍ șȊȖȐ șȐȓȣ Ȑ
șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ șȉȘȖșȐȚȤ ș șȍȉȧ țȎȈșȕȣȑ ȒȖȠȔȈȘ ȕȖ Ȓ ȔȖȍȔț țȎȈ-
șț ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȖȚȌȍȓȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ ǿȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȧ ȉȣȓ țȉȍȎȌȍȕ ȟȚȖ
Ȋșȍ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȍȔȖȍ ȔȕȖȦ — ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȕȍȖȉȢȧșȕȐȔȈȧ
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ șȝȖȎț ș țȔȈ ȟȚȖ ȍȡȍ
ȔȐȋ Ȑ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȔȖȏȋț ȐșȟȍȏȕȍȚ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȈ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȦȡȈȧ ȐȏȊȍșȚ-
ȕȖȍ ȖȚ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȕț șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ
ǪȏȋȓȧȕțȊ ȕȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȧ țȉȍȌȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȊȍșȤ
ȊȖ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȋȖ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ
Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȎțȡȐȑșȧ ȗȘȐ ȓțȕȕȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ
ȗȘȧȕȖ ȗȈȝȕțȡȐȑ ȞȊȍȚȖȒ ȈșȚȖȘȍȐ ȔȍȘȕȖ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȓșȧ Ȑȏ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȕȣ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț Ȉ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȕȍȋȖ ȚȖ ȘȈșȗȓȣȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȗȖȓțȔȘȈȒȍ
ȚȖ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȧșȤ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȈ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȒȐ-
ȚȈȧȕȒȈ ș ȧȘȒȐȔȐ ȕȍȏȍȔȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȚȖȓȒȕțȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑ ș ȌȐȒȐȔ
ȒȘȐȒȖȔ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ șȚȍȉȍȓȤ ȈșȚȖȘȍȐ Ȑ ȘȊȈȕțȓ ȍȋȖ Ǵȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐ-
ȓȐ ȌȊȈ ȏȊțȒȈ ǵȍȐșȚȖȊȣȑ ȒȘȐȒ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ Ȑ ȚȐȝȐȑ ȍȓȍ țȓȖ-
ȊȐȔȣȑ șȓțȝȖȔ șȚȖȕ Ǫ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț ȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȖșȚȘțȦ
ȎȋțȟțȦ ȉȖȓȤ Ȑ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȗȓȐȚȣ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȝȘȈȔȈ ǨȔȖ-
ǬȎȈȕ-ǵȐȕ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ Ȗȟȕțȓșȧ ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ șȒȓȖȕȐȓȖșȤ ȓȐȞȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ
Ȇ-Ǵȍȕ-dzȍȕȈ.
ȇ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȉȖȓȍȕ Ȑ ȊȘȈȟȐ ǷȍȒȐȕșȒȖȋȖ ȓȈȏȈȘȍȚȈ ș ȚȘț-
ȌȖȔ ȊȣȘȊȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑȏ ȞȍȗȒȐȝ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǸȈȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ
ȋȓțȉȖȒȈȧ ǵȖȎ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȈ ȌȊȈ șȈȕȚȐȔȍȚȘȈ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȗȘȈȊȍȍ ȈȖȘ-
Țȣ

35
— ǸȈȕȈ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ dzȍȊ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȍȊȐȟ—ǶȚȒțȌȈ ȘȈȕȈ"
DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ șȖ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȒȘȍșȓȈ Ȑ ȉȓȍșȚȧ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍȘȊȕȣȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ șȎȐȔȈȧ ȚȖȕȒȐȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȉȣșȚ-
ȘȖ ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ șȖȘȊȈȓ ȞȊȍȚȖȒ— ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ ȚȍȕȤ ǬȏȐ-ȀȖ-DzȈȦȕ,
Ȑ ȧ Ȋ ȗȖȘȣȊȍ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȋȖ ȕȖ ȉȍȏȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȧ Ȋȣ-
ȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȕȖȎ Ȑ țȌȈȘȐȓ ǴȖȑ ȕȖȎ ȗȖȘȈȕȐȓ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȌȘțȋȈ
ǩȖȘȐș ǷȈȊȓȖȊȐȟ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȒȐȚȈȑȞț Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȍȔț
ȘțȒț
— ǹ ȚȖȑ ȗȖȘȣ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — ȧ ȕȍ ȖȡțȡȈȦ
ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȈ Ȓ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ǫșȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȌȍȓȈȦ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȔȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȕȖ
Ȍțȝ ȔȖȑ Ȋșȍ ȌȘȍȔȓȦȡȐȍ Ȋ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȍ Ȑ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ ȍȔț ȟțȊ-
șȚȊȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȖȉȖșȚȘȍȕȣ Ȑ ȎȐȊțȚ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ȇ ȟȈș-
ȚȖ șȓȣȠț ȕȍȌȖșȚțȗȕȣȍ Ȍȓȧ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȏȊțȒȐ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ ȋȖȓȖșț

ȌȈȊȕȖ țȉȐȚȖȑ ȔȖȐȔ ȗȘȍȌȒȖȔ ȌȖȟȍȘȐ ǹȈȔ-ǻȘ-Ǫȍȧ Ǵȣ ȊȍȌȤ
Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ ȍȍ ȋȖȓȖșȈ țȠȈȔȐ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȈȓ Ȓ ȒȈȒȖ-
Ȕț-ȚȖ ȌȘțȋȖȔț șȓțȝț ȕȖ ȉȣȓ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȧșȍȕ Ȑ ȗȖȕȧȚȍȕ ȕȈȔ
ȅȚȖȚ șȓțȝ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȧȏȣȒȖȊ Ȑ ȕȈȘȍȟȐȑ Ƕȕ ȊȖșȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȧȏȣȒ
Ȕȣșȓȍȑ Ȑ ȊȖȓȐ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȚȖȔț ȒȈȒ șȓțȝ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȧȏȣȒ ȏȊț-
ȒȖȊ ǵȍȘȍȌȒȖ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȒȖȓȍȉȈȕȐȧ ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ ȉȍȏȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȏȘȈȟȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȐșȠȍȋȖ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȖȔ ȔȖȘȍ
ȗȓȣȊțȚ Ȑ ȌȊȐȎțȚșȧ ȧșȕȖ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȔȣȍ ȔȕȖȑ ȓȐȞȈ Ȑ șȖȉȣ-
ȚȐȧ ǵȖ ȒȚȖ Ȕȕȍ șȒȈȎȍȚ ȒȚȖ ȖȕȐ" ȋȌȍ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ" ǶȚȒțȌȈ
ȗȘȐȝȖȌȧȚ Ȑ ȒțȌȈ ȐșȟȍȏȈȦȚ" ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȎȐ-
ȓȐ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ"
Ǫșȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ Ǫ ȋȖȓȖșȍ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȏȊțȟȈȓȖ ȋȓțȝȖȍ ȖȚȟȈȧ-
ȕȐȍ șȚȘȈșȚȕȈȧ ȔȖȓȤȉȈ ȌȈȚȤ ȍȔț ȊȣȝȖȌ Ȑȏ ȚȖȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟ-
ȕȖȋȖ Ȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ ȒțȌȈ ȏȈȋȕȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȚȓȐȊȈȧ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ
ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖșȚȐ ȕȍȐȏȊȍȌȈȕȕȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
— ǬȈ — țȎȍ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ —
dzȍȚȖȔ ȧ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȦșȤ Ȋ DzȐȚȈȑ Ȉ Ȋ ȐȦȓȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ ȖȉȈ ȉț-
ȌȍȚȍ ȖȚȌȣȝȈȚȤ Ȋ ǺȘțȊȐȓȍ ȧ ȉțȌț ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ ǬȎțȕȈȘț
Ȓ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕȈȔ ǹȖ-ǺȖ-ȀȍȕȈ ǬȘȍȊȕȐȑ ǨȔȖ-ǬȎȈȕ-ǵȐȕ țȊȐȌȐȚ
ȍȡȍ ȖȌȕț șȔȍȘȚȤ ǺȈȔ ȕȈ ȉȍȓȖȔ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȍ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȠȍȔ ȘȧȌ
ȊȍȒȖȊ ȗȈȓȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȑ ǬȏȐ-ȀȖ-DzȈȦȕ ȚȈȔ ȖȚȌȈȓ șȊȖȦ ȒȘȖȊȤ
ȔȖȑ ȗȘȍȌȖȒ ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȑ Ȇ-Ǵȍȕ Ȑ ȘȈȏȉȐȓ Ȗ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ șȊȖȦ ȞȈȘ-
șȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ǽțȕ-ǩȈȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȣȑ ȆȈȕȤ-
ȀȐȕ-ǩȈ-ǼȈȑ ǺȈȔ Ȏȍ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȚ șȊȖȐ ȌȕȐ țȔȍȘȠȐȑ țȎȍ ȌȈȊ-
ȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȇ-Ǵȍȕ-dzȍȕ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȗȖȚȖȔȖȒ țȉȐȑȞȣ
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Ǫșȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ Ǫ ȌȈȓȤȕȐȝ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈȝ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȉȐȚȤ ȟȈșȣ

ǿǼȅdzǹȊǻǶǸ ǰ ǿȀǮǾǼǺ ǵǮǺǸdz
Ƕșș Ǹ. ǯȖțȒȖțȑȎ

38
Ǫ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȔ ȒȈȒ Dzȍȑș-
ȚțȚȖȊ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȏȈȔȒȍ Ȓȕȧ-
ȋȐȕȐ ǸȖȎȒȖȊșȒȖȑ Ȋ șȖȟȍȓȤ-
ȕȐȒ șȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȌȘțȏȤȧ Ǫ
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ șȊȖȌȟȈȚȖȔ ȏȈȓȍ
ȊȍȘȝțȠȒȖȑ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȈșȈȧșȤ
ȘȈșȗȐșȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕȞȈ-
ȔȐ ;9,, ȊȍȒȈ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȈ ȋȖ-
ȘȍȓȈ ȍȓȒȈ
ǯȈȓȐȚȈȧ ȚȣșȧȟȈȔȐ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ Ȗȋȕȍȑ țȊȍȠȈȕȕȈȧ ȉȓȍ-
șȚȧȡȐȔȐ ȉȍȏȌȍȓțȠȒȈȔȐ ȘȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȔ ȔȐȠțȘȕȣȔ ȌȖȎȌȍȔ
ȏȖȓȖȟȍȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȧȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȔȐ Ȑ ȜȖȕȈȘȐȒȈȔȐ, ȍȓȒȈ ȖȚ-
ȘȈȎȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȋȓȈȌȒȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȓȍȌȧȕȈȧ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȗȈȘȒȍȚȍ Ȑȏ
ȗȈȓȐșȈȕȌȘȖȊȖȋȖ Ȑ ȘȖȏȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ
ǫȖșȚȐ ȕȍ ȚȈȕȞȍȊȈȓȐ
Ǫ ȌȖȔȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȎȐ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ șȣȕ
ȒȕȧȋȐȕȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȒȕȧȏȤ ǨȌȖȓȤȜ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȤ ȕȍșȔȖȚ-
Șȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ șȊȖȦ ȌȐȗȓȖȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒțȦ șȓțȎȉț ȗȘȐ ȊȍȕșȒȖȔ
ȌȊȖȘȍ
ǫȖșȚȐ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȋȘțȗȗȈȔȐ ȊȍșȍȓȖ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȐȕțȎȌȍȕȕȖ ȉȍșȍȌțȧ
Ȑ șȔȍȧșȤ
ǴȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȍ ȓȈȒȍȐ ȓȖȊȒȖ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȘȈȏȕȖșȐȓȐ ȗȖȌȕȖșȣ
ș ȗȓȖȌȈȔȐ șȓȈșȚȧȔȐ Ȑ ȊȐȕȖȔ
ǹȈȔȈ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȧ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ șȚȖȓȖȔ Ȑȏ ȓȧȗȐș-
ȓȈȏțȘȐ șȒȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȉȘȖȕȏȖȑ Ȑ ȕȈȝȔțȘȐȊ șȊȖȐ ȊȓȈșȚȕȣȍ ȉȘȖ-
ȊȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȗȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȒȓȖȕȐȊȠȍȔțșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȑ ȌȊȖȘȍȞ-
ȒȖȔț:
— DzȖȋȌȈ ȋȖșȚȐ țȑȌțȚ — ȚȖȋȌȈ
— ǷȖȏȌȕȖ Ȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖ ȊȈȠȍ șȐȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ

39
— ȇ ȚȈȒ ȝȖȟț Ǩ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ȧ ȕȍ ȉȖȦșȤ DzȚȖ ȗȖșȔȍȍȚ ȉȘȖ-
șȐȚȤ ȚȍȕȤ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȦ ǸȖȎȒȖȊșȒțȦ"
ǰ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȠȓȈ Ȓ ȋȖșȚȧȔ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ Ȋ ȞȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ
ȗȓȈȚȤȍ Ȑȏ ȏȖȓȖȚȐșȚȖȋȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȈȘȟȈ ȠȍȓȒȈ ȗȖȒȘȣ-
ȚȖȋȖ ȚȖȕȒȖȑ ȗȈțȚȐȕȖȑ ȒȘțȎȍȊ
dzȐȞȖ ȍȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȋȖȘȌȖ ȕȖ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȚȈȑȕȈȧ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȤ ȖȟȈȘȖ-
ȊȈȕȐȍ țȔȈ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȔȖȋțȟȍȑ ȝȖȚȧ țȎȍ Ȗșȍȕȕȍȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ ȊȓȍȒ-
ȓȐ Ȓ ȕȍȑ Ȋșȍ ȊȏȖȘȣ
ǴțȎȟȐȕȣ ȗȘȐ ȍȍ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȍȕȐȐ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ-
ȚȖ șȚȐȝȐȑȕȖȔ ȊȖșȝȐȡȍȕȐȐ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȠȓȐ ȍȑ ȕȈ-
ȊșȚȘȍȟț Ȉ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ țȓȣȉȈȓȐșȤ ȍȑ ȒȈȒ șȖȓȕȞț Ȑ
ȌȈȎȍ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȓȐ Ȗ ȏȈȊȐșȚȐ Ȑ șȗȓȍȚȕȧȝ
ǫȓȧȌȧ Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȋȖȘȌȣȍ Ȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖȡȈȓȐ ȍȍ
ȉȍȏțȔȕțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȋ ȗȐȘȈȝ Ȑ țȋȈȘȕȣȝ ȘȈȏȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȧȝ Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ
Ȋ ȚȍșȕȖȔ ȒȘțȋț ȕȍȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȌȘțȏȍȑ Ȑ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȍȑ ȋȌȍ ȐȔȧ ȒȘȈ-
șȈȊȐȞȣ-ȒȕȧȋȐȕȐ ǸȖȎȒȖȊșȒȖȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȖ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȍȕȐȍȔ
Ȑ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ
— Ƕ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȔ
ȉȈȘȐȚȖȕȖȔ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȑ ȗȖȔȍȡȐȒ DzȖȗȚșȒȐȑ șȖșȍȌ ȗȖ ȐȔȍȕȐȦ
— DzȘȈșȖȚȈ ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȕȈ
— Ǫȣ — ȓȤșȚȍȞ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȧȧ ȋȖȓȖȊț
ǩȖȑȒȈȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȌȈȔȈ șȐȌȍȊȠȈȧ ȕȈ ȔȧȋȒȖȑ ȒȖȏȍȚȒȍ ȗȘȐ
ȥȚȖȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȐ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȐ ȊșȗȓȍșȕțȓȈ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕț-
ȓȈ
— ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ DzȈȒȖȑ ȟțȌȕȣȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ
Ǫșȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȓȐ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȤ ȝȖȏȧȑȒȐ ȏȈȔȒȈ ǵȈ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȔȈȚȖ-
ȊȖȑ ȒȖȎȍ ș ȗȘȖșȊȍȟȐȊȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȒȈȒ ț ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ șȐȕȐȔȐ ȎȐȓ-
ȒȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȞȍȗȐ Ȑȏ ȒȘțȗȕȣȝ ȘȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȝ ȈȓȔȈȏȖȊ ȊȐșȍȓ
ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȣ ȘțȉȐȕ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȒȘȖȊȤ
Ǫșȍ ȖȉșȚțȗȐȓȐ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȦ Ȉ ȖȕȈ șȕȧȊ ȞȍȗȤ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓȈ ȍȍ
ȋȖșȚȧȔ
ǬȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȗȖ ȘțȒȈȔ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ
ȒȕȧȋȐȕȧ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
— ȅȚȖȚ ȘțȉȐȕ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȓ ȔȖȍȔț ȗȘȍȌȒț ȌȘțȋț Ȑ șȖȊȍȚ-
ȕȐȒț ȋȍȘȞȖȋȈ ǼȐȓȐȗȗȈ-ǸȈȊȍȕșȚȊȖ Ƕȕ, ȗȖ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘț ǺȘȐȉț-
ȕȈȓȈ ȧȒȖȉȐȕȞȍȊ ȗȖȋȐȉ ȕȈ ȥȠȈȜȖȚȍ ǹȊȧȚȈȧ ȋȐȓȤȖȚȐȕȈ ȖȉȈȋ-
ȘȐȓȈșȤ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȗȘȈȌȍȌȈ Ȑ șȔȍȠȈȓȈșȤ ș ȒȘȖȊȤȦ șȈȕ-

40
ȒȦȓȖȚȖȊ DzȈȒȈȧ ȟȍșȚȤ Ȍȓȧ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȝ ȊȣșȒȖȟȍȒ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȍ-
ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖȋȖ ȘȖȌșȚȊȈ
DzȕȧȋȐȕȧ țȔȖȓȒȓȈ ȕȖ ȖȋȕȐ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȊȠȐȍșȧ Ȋ ȍȍ
ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȋȈșȓȐ
— Ǩ șȒȈȎȐȚȍ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ DzȖȗȚșȒȐȑ — Ȋ ȊȈȠȍȔ ȘȖȌț
șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȒȈȏȕȐ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȗȘȈȌȍȌȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌ-
ȕȐȝ ȔȐȕțȚ"
DzȕȧȋȐȕȧ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȎȈȓȈ ȋțȉȣ Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȔ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȘȍȏȒȐȔ
ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
— ǬȈ ǷȈȓȈȟȖȔ paȉȖȚȈȊȠȐȔ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȉȣȓ DzȘțȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȏȊȈȕȕȣȑ ©ǩȣȒȖȔ»...
ǹ ȥȚȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȧ ȗȖȠȓȈ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ
ȐȏȧȡȕȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȍ ȕȍșȠȍȑ Ȋ ȒȖȘȏȐȕȖȟȒȍ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚȐȒȐ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȍ ȎȍȓȚȣȔȐ ȓȍȕȚȈȔȐ
— DzȚȖ ȥȚȈ ȖșȖȉȈ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ ȗȖȎȐȓȈȧ ȌȈȔȈ
ȊșȒȐȌȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ ȓȖȘȕȍȚ
— ǵȖȊȈȧ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȤȖȕȒȈ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȐ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ș ȊȐȌȖȔ șȊȖȍ-
ȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ DzȖȗȚșȒȐȑ — ǶȕȈ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȘȐȉȣȓȈ Ȑȏ ǷȈȘȐȎȈ
ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȈȠȍȑ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȝȖȏȧȑȒȖȑ
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȧ ȝȓȖȗȕțȊ Ȋ
ȓȈȌȖȠȐ — Mademoiselle Blanche ȘȈȏȌȈșȚ ȊșȍȔ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚȣ ș
ȕȖȔȍȘȈȔȐ ǷȖ ȕȐȔ Ȋȣ ȕȈȑȌȍȚȍ ȕȈ ȍȓȒȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȗȖȌȈȘȒȐ
șȍȉȍ ȕȈ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ
ǵȈȟȈȓȈșȤ șțȔȈȚȖȝȈ ǶȒȖȓȖ ȍȓȒȐ ȚȖȓȗȐȓȐșȤ ȋȖșȚȐ ȘȈȏȣ-
șȒȐȊȈȧ șȊȖȐ ȗȖȌȈȘȒȐ șȔȍȧȓȐșȤ ȖșȚȘȐȓȐ Ȑ ȠțȚȐȓȐ Ǫ ȖȉȡȍȔ
ȊȍșȍȓȤȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȐ țȟȈșȚȐȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȧ Ȑ ȌȊȖȘȍȞ-
ȒȐȑDzȕȧȋȐȕȧ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȍȕȕȖ ș ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ țȗȖȘșȚȊȖȔ șȔȖȚȘȍ-
ȓȈ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ Ȋ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȖȔ ȒȖșȚȦȔȍ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȍȕ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ DzȈȗȍȚȈ
ǬȊȖȘȍȞȒȐȑ Ȏȍ șȚȖȧȓ Ȋ ȗȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȖȏȍ ȕȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
Ȗȕ șȓȍȌȐȓ ȏȈ șȚȘȖȑȕȖȑ ȜȐȋțȘȖȑ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȤȖȕȒȐ...
ǻȎȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȖȗțșȚȍȓ ȏȈȓ ȌȊȖȘȞȈ ǷȖȋȈșȐȓȐ ȖȋȕȐ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȒȖȍ-ȋȌȍ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȈȧ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖȑ țȋȓȖȊȖȑ ȓȈȔȗȖȑ ȉȓȍșȚȍȓȈ ȗȖ-
ȏȖȓȖȚȈ ȘȈȔ Ȑ ȘȈȏȉȘȣȏȋȐȊȈȓȐ ȘȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȍ ȖȋȕȐ ȝȘțșȚȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȍ șȓȍȏȣ ȓȦșȚȘȣ
Ǫ șȐȕȍȔ ȉțȌțȈȘȍ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȐ ȋȖȘȧȚ ȓȈȔȗȣ Ȑ ȏȈ șȚȖȓȖȔ șȐ-
ȌȧȚ ȌȊȖȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȅȚȖ — ȒȕȧȋȐȕȧ Ȑ ȌȊȖȘȍȞȒȐȑ ǷȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤ-

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ȕȣȑ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏ ȗȘȍȖȉȘȈȏȐȓșȧ Ƕȕ șȐȌȐȚ, ș ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚȊȖȔ Ȑ șȗȖ-
ȒȖȑșȚȊȐȍȔ șȔȖȚȘȧ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȐ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ș ȕȍȑ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȊ-
ȕȣȑ ȍȑ
DzȕȧȋȐȕȧ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȈ ȒȓȦȟ Ȋ șȚȖȧȡȍȑ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȑ ȠȒȈȚțȓ-
Ȓȍ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȋȓȧȕțȊȠȐșȤ ș ȌȊȖȘȍȞȒȐȔ ȠȍȗȕțȓȈ
— ǷȖȘȈ
— ǬȈ — ȉȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ șȚȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ ȉȓȍșȒ
DzȕȧȋȐȕȧ ȕȈȎȈȓȈ ȒȕȖȗȒț ȐȏȧȡȕȖȋȖ ȏȊȖȕȒȈ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȒȖȔ-
ȗȈȕȤȖȕȒȈ
ǻȊȐȌȍȊ ȌȊȖȘȍȞȒȖȋȖ ȖȕȈ ȊșȒȘȐȒ-
ȕțȓȈ ȖȚ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȧ
— ǪȖȑȌȐȚȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȒȕȧȋȐ-
ȕȧ — Ȑ ȏȈȗȘȐȚȍ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȕȈ
ȒȓȦȟ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȓȈ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈ-
ȕȐȍ.
— ǹȧȌȤȚȍ! — ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓȈ Ȓȕȧ-
ȋȐȕȧ Ȑ ȏȓȖȉȕȖ țȓȣȉȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȗȘȖ-
ȌȖȓȎȈȓȈ
— ǪȈȔ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ
ȒȈȒȈȧ șȊȧȏȤ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȔȍȎȌț
ȕȈȔȐ ȚȘȖȐȔȐ" ǹȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ șȊȧȏȤ
mademoiselle, șȊȧȏȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ țȎȍ
Ȋ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȖȔ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȐ șȓțȎȐȚ
ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȐȍȔ ȊȈȠȍȑ șȍȔȤȐ!
— ǴȖȍȑ șȍȔȤȐ" — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈ-
ȓȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȉȓȍȌȕȍȧ Ȑ ȌȘȖȎȈ
— ǬȈ șȍȔȤȐ DzȘțȖ ȗȖȚȖȔȒȖȊ
ȗȈȓȈȟȈ ȗȘȖȏȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ©ǩȣȒȖȔª —
ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓȈșȤ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȧ Ȑ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ
ȍȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ șȋȐȉȈȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒ ȒȖȋȚȐ ȝȐȡ-
ȕȖȑ ȗȚȐȞȣ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȈ Ȋ țȎȈșȍ ȋȓȧȌȧ Ȋ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȍ șȚȈȊȠȍȍ
ȏȓȖȊȍȡȐȔ ȓȐȞȖ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȐ
— DzȘțȖ-©ǩȣȒª ȒȈȏȕȐȓ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ ǩȈșȚȐȓȐȐ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȗȘȈ-
ȌȍȌȈ Ȑ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȍȋȖ ȚȣșȧȟȍȓȍȚȕȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ șȔȍȠȈȓ ș ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȗȖ-

42
ȌȖȕȒȖȊ ǪȈȕȌȍȐ ǹȣȕ DzȘțȖ ǫȈșȗȈȘ ȗȘȖȗȈȓ ȉȍȏ ȊȍșȚȐ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȊȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ ȍȋȖ ȚȘțȗ ȕȈȑȌȍȕ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȍ-
ȓȐȑ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ǷȖȚȖȔ ǨȓȤȜȘȍȌ DzȘțȖ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ǹȍȉȈșȚȐȈȕ
— ǭȔț ȔȖȑ ȖȚȍȞ ȊșȈȌȐȓ ȕȖȎ Ȋ șȗȐȕț ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ ǷȘȖȕȐ ȔșȚȧ
ȏȈ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȕȈ ȋȐȓȤȖȚȐȕȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȍȌȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȊșȒȐȌȣȊȈȧ
ȕȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ȏȓȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȌȊȖȘȍȞȒȐȑ
— ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȚȊȖȑ ȟȍȘȍȌ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȧ — Ǵȣ
ȕȍ ȝȖȚȐȔ țȉȐȊȈȚȤ Țȍȉȧ Ǵȣ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȐȔ ȚȊȖȦ țȟȈșȚȤ Șȍ-
ȠȍȕȐȦ șțȌȤȉȣ
ǰ ȖȕȈ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȈ ȒȓȦȟ Ȋ ȠȒȈȚțȓȒȍ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȕȖ ȍȍ ȋȘțȉȖ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȏȈ ȗȓȍ-
ȟȐ ȌȊȖȘȍȞȒȐȑ Ȑ ȠȊȣȘȕțȓ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ
— Tenez! — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȒȕȧȋȐ-
ȕȍ ǶȕȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈ ȠȒȈȚțȓȒț ȕȈ ȗȖȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș țȗȈȊȠȍȑ ȌȍȊțȠ-
ȒȖȑ Ȉ șȈȔȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕ
ǰȏ ȠȒȈȚțȓȒȐ ȍȌȊȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖȑ ȚȍȕȤȦ ȊȣșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȈȧ ȏȔȍȑȒȈ ǻȏȒȖȍ ȒȖȘȐȟȕȍȊȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȍȍ ș ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȗȖȓȖșȒȖȑ
ȊȌȖȓȤ ȝȘȍȉȚȈ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȖ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ
ȓȍȕȚȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȗȖȓȏȓȖ ȗȖ ȉȍȓȖȔț ȗȓȈȚȤȦ ȖȉȍȏțȔȍȊȠȍȑ ȖȚ
șȚȘȈȝȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ Ȑ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ ȒȖșȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȚȍȗȓȖȑ
ȠȍȐ ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȗȓȖșȒȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȒȈ ș ȉȣșȚȘȣȔȐ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔȐ
ȋȓȈȏȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȎȈȌȕȣȔ ȧȏȣȒȖȔ ȗȘȐȓȤȕțȓȈ Ȓ ȒȖȎȍ Ȑ ȐșȒȈȓȈ ȚȖ
ȔȍșȚȖ ȋȌȍ ȉȐȓșȧ ȗțȓȤș
ǫȓȈȏȈ ȓȍȎȈȡȍȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȘȈșȠȐȘȐȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ ț ȉȍȏțȔȕȖȑ
Ȑ Ȋ țȎȈșȕțȦ ȔȈșȒț ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓȖșȤ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ǶȕȈ ȕȍ ȒȘȐ-
ȟȈȓȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȠȍȊȍȓȐȓȈșȤ
ǯȔȍȑȒȈ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȉȘȖșȒȖȔ șȖșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȈ ș ȗȓȍȟȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ
Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȧșȤ ȗȖȗȖȓȏȓȈ ȗȖ ȒȖȊȘț ǬȊȖȘȍȞȒȐȑ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ
ȡȐȗȞȣ Ȑ ȗȖȑȔȈȊ ȏȔȍȦ ȏȈȗȍȘ ȍȍ Ȋ ȠȒȈȚțȓȒț
— ȅȚȖ — șțȘȐȚ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȧ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȧȧșȤ ȕȈȌ
ȌȍȊțȠȒȖȑ — ǹȈȔȈȧ ȧȌȖȊȐȚȈȧ Ȑȏ ȏȔȍȑ ǭȍ țȒțș — șȔȍȘȚȤ
ǪșȧȒțȦ ȕȖȟȤ Țȣ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȗȖȒȈ
șțȘȐȚ ȕȍ ȐȏȉȈȊȐȚ Țȍȉȧ ȖȚ ȔțȟȍȕȐȑ țȎȈșȈ Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȈȓ
ȍȍ, — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȧ
ǬȊȖȘȍȞȒȐȑ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ ȊȣȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȧ ȘțȒȐ ȖșȓȈȉȍȊȠȍȑ ȌȍȊț-
ȠȒȍ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȍ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ ȗȖȊȖȓȖȒ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ, ȐȏȘȣȋȈȧ ȗȘȖȒ-
ȓȧȚȐȧ ȒȈȒȐȍ șȓȣȠȐȚ ǷȈȘȐȎ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȦȘȤȔȖȑ

ǸȖȒȍȚȚ Ȋ țȚȘȍȕȕȍȔ ȚțȔȈȕȍ ȔȈȧȟȐȚ șȐȓțȥȚ ©ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȊȌȖ-
Ȋȣª. ȋȐȓȤȖȚȐȕȣ
...Ǩ ȕȈțȚȘȖ ȖȚ ȒȘȣȓȤȞȈ ȌȊȖȘȞȈ ȚȘȖȕțȓȈșȤ ȒȈȘȍȚȈ ȏȈȗȘȧ-
ȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȒȖȑ ȘȣșȈȒȖȊ
DzȕȧȋȐȕȧ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȘȖȎȌȍșȚȊȍȕșȒȖȑ
ȖȉȍȌȕȍ Ȑ ȕȐȒȚȖ șȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȍ Ȑ ȋȖȘȌȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ
ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȜȐȋțȘț ȒȖȓȍȕȖȗȘȍȒȓȖȕȍȕȕțȦ Ȋ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȔ ȥȒșȚȈȏȍ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȈȓȈȟ ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȑ Ȑ ȉȍșȗȖȡȈȌȕȣȑ
ȔșȚȐȚȍȓȤ ȔȖȓȐȚșȧ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȈȘȖȌȖȔ

ǹǼǴǮ ǿǰȍȇdzǻǻǼDZǼ ǮǹǺǮǵǮ
Ƕșș ǿ. ǽșȜȦȖțȟȘȜȑȜ

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— ǹȒȖȘȖ ȟȈș ȉȈȘȣȕȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȋȖȘȕȐȟȕȈȧ ș ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚ-
șȚȊȖȔ Ȑ ȕȈșȔȍȠȒȖȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȊ ȕȈ ǺȈȚȤȧȕț ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȕț
— Ǩ ȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȈ — ȏȓȖȉȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȍȘȕțȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȓȍ-
ȟȈȔȐ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ǹȚțȗȈȑȚȍ șȗȈȚȤ ǨȕȕțȠȒȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȋȖȘȕȐȟȕȈȧ țȠȓȈ ǫȖȘȓȐȕȈ ȗȘȐȎȈȓȈ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ
Ȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȊ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ ș ȚȘȍșȒȖȔ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓȈ
ȍȍ Ȑ ȌȊȈ ȘȈȏȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȈ ȒȓȦȟ
ǶȕȈ ȕȈ ȞȣȗȖȟȒȈȝ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ Ȓ șȚȖȓț Ȑ ȖȗțșȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖ-
ȒȖȍ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȍ ȒȘȍșȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȧ Ȋ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ ȏȈ ȚȍȔ,
ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȗȖȏȈȌȐ ȕȍȍ
ǶȕȈ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȐȌȍȓȈ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ ș ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȍȍ ȚȈȒ ȗțȋȈȓȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȔȈȕȐȓȖ Ȓ
șȍȉȍ
ǹȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȥȚȖ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȗȖȓȋȖȌȈ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȖ-
șȓȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȔțȎȈ ǺȈȚȤȧȕȣ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȕȣ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȖȕȈ ȠȓȈ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȚȘȍȝ ȟȈșȖȊ Ȍȕȧ ȗȖ ǴȖȘșȒȖȑ țȓȐ-
Ȟȍ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ șȐȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȋȘțȉȖ șȝȊȈ-
ȚȐȓ ȍȍ ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȖ
ǶȕȈ ș ȕȍȋȖȌȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȖȋȓȧȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ Ȑ
ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȧ.
ǪȖȏȓȍ ȕȍȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȧ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȠȓȈ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȚȖ Ȏȍ
ǶȕȈ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ Ȓ ȗȍȘȊȖȔț ȗȖȗȈȊȠȍȔțșȧ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒț Ȑ țȎȍ
ȕȈȔȍȘȍȊȈȓȈșȤ șȍșȚȤ Ȋ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȒț ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȍȍ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț țȓȐȞȣ.
ǵȍ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȧ șȍȉȍ ȖȚȟȍȚȈ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ǺȈȚȤȧȕȈ
ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȕȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȍȘȍȠȓȈ țȓȐȞț Ȑ ȖȟțȚȐȓȈșȤ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȋȖș-
ȗȖȌȐȕȖȔ ȖȌȍȚȣȔ Ȋ ȓȍȋȒȖȍ șȍȘȖȍ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ Ȑ ȔȧȋȒțȦ ȜȍȚȘȖȊțȦ
Ƞȓȧȗț
Ƕȕ șȚȖȧȓ ȖȗȍȘȠȐșȤ Ȗ ȚȖȓșȚțȦ ȚȘȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍ șȗțșȒȈȓ ȋȓȈȏ ș
ȊșȚȘȍȊȖȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȕȕȖȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ ǺȈȚȤȧȕȣ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȕȣ
ǪȏȋȓȧȌ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȣȑ DzȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȧȘȒȐȍ ȘȈșșȍȐȊȈȦ-
ȡȐȍșȧ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȓțȟȐ ȒȈȒ șȐȧȕȐȍ ȈȓȔȈȏȈ ȗȘȐȒȖȊȣ-
ȊȈȓȐ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȊȏȖȘ Ȑ ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȌțȠț șȓȖȊȕȖ ȒȖȗȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ
ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȐșȒȈȓȐ șȒȘȣȚțȦ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȚȈȑȕț

47
Ƕȕ ȕȐȏȒȖ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ǫȖȘȓȐȕȖȑ Ȑ ȔȧȋȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȖȚ-
ȟȍȒȈȕȐȊȈȧ ȒȈȎȌȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǵȍ ȋȘțșȚȐȚȍ Ȗȕ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊ ȚȈȔ Ǫȣ Ȏȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȊȍȘ-
ȕțȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȚȘȍȚȤȦ șȚȘȈȕț
— DzțȌȈ" — ȕȍ țȌȍȘȎȈȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈ ǺȈȚȤȧȕȈ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊ-
ȕȈ
— Ǫ șȚȘȈȕț ȋȌȍ ȊȐȝȘȐ șȓȈȋȈȦȚșȧ Ȑȏ ȓȦȌșȒȐȝ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȑ Ȑ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕȣȝ șȚȘȈșȚȍȑ ȚțȌȈ ȋȌȍ ȘȖȎȌȈȦȚ-
șȧ ȕȍȏȌȍȠȕȐȍ șȐȓȣ
ǵȍ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȧ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȞț ǫȖȘȓȐȕȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȠȓȈ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖ-
ȕț ǵȍȊșȒȖȋȖ
ǹȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȏȈ ȕȍȦ ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȠȈ-
ȋȖȊ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȗȖȟȚȐ Ƞȍȗȕțȓ
— ǭșȓȐ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ ȖȉȖ Ȕȕȍ — ȧ ȗȘȐȌț
ǹ ȚȖȑ ȗȖȘȣ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȈ ǫȖȘȓȐȕȈ ȕȖ ȏȈȚȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȐșȤ
ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȍ Ȑ ȘȈșșȚȘȈȐȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȔȖȓȖȌțȦ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ȧȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȧǫȖȘȓȐȕȈ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȓȍȋȠȐ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ș ȋȖȓȖ-
ȊȖȑ ȖȌȍȧȓȖȔ ǩȣșȚȘȣȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȘțȒȐ ȖȕȈ șȘȈȏț ȗȖȋȈșȐȓȈ
Ȋșȍ ȓȈȔȗȣ
ǶȕȈ ȕȍ șȗȈȓȈ Ȑ ȟțȚȒȖ șȓțȠȈȓȈ Ǫ șȗȈȓȤȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉțȌȐȓȤ-
ȕȐȒ ȚȐȒȈȓ ȍȌȊȈ șȓȣȠȕȖ ȌȈ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍȧșȕȣȍ ȕȖȟȕȣȍ
ȠȍȓȍșȚȣ Ȑ ȠȖȘȖȝȐ
DzȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤ ȕȈȓȍȋȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ șȖșțȡȈȧ ȚȖșȒȈ ȕȈȗȖȓ-
ȕȐȓȈ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȘțȑȒȖȑ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔț Țȍȓț
ǫȖȘȓȐȕȈ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ ȏȈȚȘȍȗȍȚȈȓȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ țȔȐȘȈȧ șȘȈȏț
ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ șȌȍȘȕțȓȈ ș ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȖȌȍȧȓȖ
DzȖȔȕȈȚȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȧȘȒȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȈ ǹȊȍȚ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȖȎȌȈȓșȧ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ
Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȍ Ǫșȍ ȐȏȓțȟȈȓȖ ȚȈȐȕșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖ ȔȍȘȞȈȦȡȐȑ șȊȍȚ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȗȖȍȕȖ ȗȘȖȗȐȚȈȕȖ ȐȔ
Ǫșȍ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ șȌȍȓȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȊȍȡȐ
ȌȣȠȈȚ ȚȖ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȧșȤ ȚȖ țȔȍȕȤȠȈȧșȤ ǸȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȍ ȓț-
ȟȐ ȕȐȋȌȍ ȕȍ șȒȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȋȈșȈȓȐ ǶȕȐ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȈȓȐ ȗȖ-
ȊșȦȌț Ȑ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȔȖȘȍ ȘȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȝ ȊșȗȣȠȍȒ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ
ȚȖȕțȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȣ ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȧȓȐșȤ șȚȍȕȣ Ȑ ȘȖȎȌȈȓșȧ țȎȈș
ȗȍȘȍȌ ȉȍșȗȘȍȌȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤȦ dzțȟȐ șȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȑ șȗȓȍȚȈȧșȤ Ȋ
ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊțȦ șȊȍȚȖȊțȦ șȍȚȤ ȔȟȈȓȐșȤ Ȋșȍ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ
ȘȖȑ șȚȘȍȓ Ȋȣȗțȡȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑȏ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ȓțȒȖȊ ǹȓȐȊȠȐșȤ

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ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȖȉȓȈȒȖ ȚȐȝȖ ȔȍȘ-
ȞȈȦȡȍȍ ȕȍȎȕȖȑ ȗȖȉȓȍȒȠȍȑ ȘȈȌțȋȖȑ șȊȍȚ șȌȍȓȈȓșȧ ȕȍȗȖȌ-
ȊȐȎȕȣȔ
ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȌȓȐȓȖșȤ ȖȌȕȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ Ȉ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȥȚȐȔ Ȋșȍ șȕȖȊȈ
ȏȈȊȐȝȘȐȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȚȈȓȖșȤ ȊșȒȐȕțȓȐșȤ ȒȊȍȘȝț șȚȖȓȉȣ Ȗȋ-
ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȚțȟȐ ȘȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȖȋȖ ȌȣȔȈ ȗȖȔȟȈȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȉȍȏȖ-
ȉȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȖȉȘȣȊȒȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȒȈȒ ȔȐȘȣ ȖȕȐ ȘȖșȓȐ
Ȑ ȕȈȌȊȐȋȈȓȐșȤ ȋȘȖȏȧ Ȋșȍ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȚȤ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȚȤ Ȋ ȗȣȓȤ
Ȑȏ-ȏȈ șȚȖȓȉȖȊ ȌȣȔȈ Ȑ ȒȖȓȍȉȓȦȡȐȝșȧ ȧȏȣȒȖȊ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȐ ȊȏȊȐ-
ȊȈȓȐșȤ ȒȊȍȘȝț ȒȘȣȓȈȚȣȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ș ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ șțȌȖȘȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȐȏȋȐȉȈȦȡȐȔȐșȧ ȝȊȖșȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȎȈȌȕȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȗȈșȚȧ-
ȔȐ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ ȔȟȈȓȐșȤ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȖȋȖȕȧȧ Ȑȝ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȒȈȒ ȕȖȟȤ
ȋȐȋȈȕȚȣ ș ȉȐȟȈȔȐ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȖȚȉȐȊȈȧșȤ ȖȚ ȕȈȓȍȚȈȦȡȐȝ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ
șȚȖȘȖȕ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȗȚȐȞ ș ȖȋȕȍȔ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ Ȑ ȖȚ ȚȖȓșȚȣȝ
ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȝ ȏȔȍȑ ȋȘȖȝȖȟțȡȐȝ ȎȍșȚȒȖȑ ȟȍȠțȍȑ
Ǫ ȚȘȍșȒȍ Ȗȋȕȧ Ȋ șȊȐșȚȍ ȉțȠțȦȡȍȋȖ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȐ ȋȘȍȔȍȓȐ ȋȖ-
ȓȖșȈ șȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȒȘȐȒȐ șȚȖȕȣ ȋȘȖȝȖȚ Ȑ ȏȊȖȕ
Ǫșȧ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȈȧ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȔ ȗȖȚȖȔ ș ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ȌȖ ȉȖȓȐ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȔȐ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ǫȖȘȓȐȕȈ Ȑ ȖȎȐȌȈȓȈ ȗȖȧȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȧ șȈȔȖȋȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ ȒȚȖ ȕȍȔȐȕțȍȔȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐȑ-

49
ȚȐ Ȑ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ șȊȖȐȔ ȗȖȋȈșȐȚȤ ȊșȧȒțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ țȕȐȟȚȖ-
ȎȐȚȤ șȊȍȚ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȑ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ șȊȍȚ ȗȖȋȈș Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎ-
ȕȍȔț ȉȣȓ ȔȘȈȒ Ȑ șȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȓȐȠȤ Țȍ ȕȍȖȉȢȧșȕȐȔȣȍ Ƞț-
Ȕȣ Ȑ ȠȖȘȖȝȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȘȖȎȌȈȍȚ ȕȖȟȤ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȋȓȖȚȐȊȠȈȧ
ȌȕȍȊȕȖȑ șțȍȚȣ
ǫȖȘȓȐȕȈ șȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ȏȈȎȋȓȈ ȓȈȔȗț Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȌțȔȈȓȈ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȘȐȕȧȊ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȖȕȈ șȘȈȏț țșȗȖȒȖȐȓȈșȤ
Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ țșȕțȓȈ
ǵȈțȚȘȖ Ȓ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȦ ǺȈȚȤȧȕȣ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȕȣ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓȖ
ȍȍ ǹȗȈȓȤȕȧ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȍȑ ȊȍșȍȓȖȑ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȑ ǸȖȏȖȊȣȑ
ȠȍȓȒ ȔȧȋȒȈȧ ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȕȈȧ ȔȍȉȍȓȤ ȋȘȈȕȍȕȣȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȏȍȘ-
ȒȈȓȈ Ȋ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȝ ȘȈȔȈȝ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈȧ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȉȓȍș-
ȚȧȡȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ șȚȍȒȓȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ș ȞȍȓȣȔ ȖȉȓȈȒȖȔ ȉȈȚȐșȚȈ Ƞȍȓ-
ȒȈ Ȑ ȒȘțȎȍȊ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ Ȋ ȋȓȈȌȒȐȝ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȘȈȔȈȝ Ȑ ȜȐȓȐȋȘȈȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȚȦȓȤȗȈȕȣ ȓȈȔȗ — Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ ȚȈȒ ȕȍ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓȖ
ǫȖȘȓȐȕț ȖȝȊȈȟȍȕȕțȦ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȔ Ȑ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȕȍȌțȋȖȔ.
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍ Ȑ ȗȘȍȎȕȧȧ
ȉȖȌȘȖșȚȤ
ǶȕȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȌȍȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȗȖȏȌȖȘȖȊȈȊȠȐșȤ ș ȌȍȚȤȔȐ ȊȖȠȓȈ
Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐȕțȦ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȋȖȘȕȐȟȕȖȑ
— ǹȍȑȟȈș ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȗȘȐȑȚȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǷȘȖȊȖȌȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ
șȦȌȈ
ǶȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ș ȍȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȑ ȘȈȏ-
ȌȈȓșȧ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ
2
— Ǫȣ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓȐ ȖȉȖ Ȕȕȍ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȖȟȤȦ, — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȊȝȖ-
Ȍȧ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐȕțȦ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ șȦȘȚț-
Ȓȍ Ȑ ș ȔȧȋȒȖȑ ȠȓȧȗȖȑ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ — Ǫȣ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓȐ — Ȑ ȧ ȧȊȐȓșȧ
— ǶȟȍȕȤ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȈ ȊȈȔ, — ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȓȈ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȔ ȖȚ
ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ǫȖȘȓȐȕȈ — ȇ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȧ ș
țȔȈ șȝȖȎț DzȈȒ Ȋȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȔȖȐ ȔȣșȓȐ"
ǵȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ țșȚȘȍȔȐȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ șȊȖȐ ȓțȟȐșȚȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț

50
— ǪȟȍȘȈ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȊȈș ȚȘȍȊȖȎȈȚ ȒȖșȔȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȉțȘȐ.
Ǫ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ ȉȍȏ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ Ȑ ȒȖȕȞȈ șȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȦȚșȧ șȐȓȣ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȐ Ȑ ȌțȝȈ ǸȖȎȌȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȐ ȚȍȘȏȈȦȚ ȊȈș Ȑ ȊȓȍȒțȚ Ȋ
ȉȖȘȤȉț ȊȐȝȘȍȑ Ȑ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȐ ǻȌȍȓ ȘȍȌȒȐȝ ȐȏȉȘȈȕȕȐȒȖȊ
ǹȒȈȏȈȊ ȥȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȐȏȒȖ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ȍȑ Ȑ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ
— ǬȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȊȈȠț ȓȍȊțȦ ȘțȒț ȕȖ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ
ȊȏȋȓȧȕȐȚȍ ȕȈ șȍȘȍȌȐȕț șȊȖȍȑ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ
Ƕȕ Ȋȏȧȓ ȍȍ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȘȈ-
ȏȣșȒȐȊȈȧ ȓȐȕȐȦ Ȑ ȐȏțȟȈȧ șȍȚȤ ȚȖȕȒȐȝ ȒȈȒ ȗȈțȚȐȕȈ șȒȓȈ-
ȌȖȒ Ȑ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȖȒ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȗȕ ȘȍȏȒȐȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȚȒȐȕțȓ ȖȚ șȍȉȧ ȍȍ ȘțȒț
Ȑ ȖȚȖȑȌȧ Ȓ ȖȒȕț țȋȘȦȔȖ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș
— ǹȟȈșȚȤȍ Ȑ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ ǻ ȊȈș ȌȊȖȍ ȌȍȚȍȑ DzȈȘȔȖȑ ȗȘȍȌȖ-
ȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȖ ȐȔ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȕȍȊȐȌȈȕȕȖȍ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȐȋȕțȚȤ —
ȕȍȗȖșȚȐȋȈȍȔȖȍ ǪȍȓȐȒȐȔ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȐȒȈȔ Ȑ ȗȘȖȘȖȒȈȔ ȉțȌțȚ
ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣ ȖȕȐ Ȑ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȈ ȔȈȚȤ Ȑȝ Ȑ ȋȖȘȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȠȈȧ
ȐȔ ȕȍȏȍȔȕțȦ șȐȓț ǯȈ ȥȚȖ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȎȌȍȚ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȊȈș Ȑ ȕȍ-
șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȍ Ȑ ȚȧȎȒȖȍ.
Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ țȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ ǫȖȘȓȐȕȖȑ ȕȍ-
ȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ ȕȈȏȊȈȊȠȐȑ șȍȉȧ ȉȘȈȔȐȕȖȔ ǫȈȚȊȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȗȘȐȊȍȓȐ ȌȍȚȍȑ șȍȔȐȓȍȚȕȦȦ ǵȐȕȖȟȒț Ȑ
ȌȍșȧȚȐȓȍȚȕȍȋȖ ǫȘȐȠț ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȝ Ȑ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȝ
ȖȕȐ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓȐșȤ ȍȔț Ȑ ȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȖ ȊȏȧȓȐ ǫȈȚȊț ȏȈ
ȘțȒȐ
3
ǹ ȚȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ șȍȔȤ ȓȍȚ
ǶȕȐ ȗȘȖȔȟȈȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ șȖȕ ȒȈȒ ȖȌȕȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ
ǺȈȚȤȧȕȍ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȗȖ ȋȖȌȈȔ șȊȖȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ȗȖșȓȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȈ ș ȉȘȈȔȐȕȖȔ ȍȑ ȉȣ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ
ǰ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ
ǫȈȚȊȈ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȓ ȕȍȑ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǵȈȌȖ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ «ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ șȐȓȍ» ǷțșȚȤ ȖȕȐ
ȕȈȟȕțȚ șȊȖȑ ȗțȚȤ Ȋ ȚȘȍȚȤȦ șȚȘȈȕț ȗțșȚȤ ȗȖȊȍȌțȚ Ȋ ȕȍȍ ȐȏȉȘȈȕ-
ȕȣȝ

51
ǶȕȈ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓȈ ȚȖȋȌȈ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ȕȖ ǫȈȚȊȈ Ȋȏȧȓ
ȍȍ ȏȈ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȓ ȍȑ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȊȖȐȔ ȓțȟȐșȚȣȔ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȖ-
ȊȍȓȍȊȈȦȡȐȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǶȚȌȈȑȚȍ șȊȖȐȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ ǪșȧȒȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ ȏȈȝȖȚȐ-
Țȍ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ Ȑȝ ȖȕȐ ȉțȌțȚ Ȓ ȊȈȔ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚȤ
ǰ ȖȕȈ ȖȚȌȈȓȈ ǫȈȚȊȍ ǫȘȐȠț Ȑ ǵȐȕȖȟȒț Ȉ Țȍ ș ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ
ȉȍȏȏȈȉȖȚȕȣȔ ȊȍșȍȓȣȔ șȔȍȝȖȔ ȊȏȧȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ
ȏȈ ȕȐȔ
ǷȘȖȡȈȧșȤ ș ǫȖȘȓȐȕȖȑ ǫȈȚȊȈ Ȋȣȕțȓ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ țȏȍȕȤ-
ȒțȦ ȏȖȓȖȚțȦ ȗȖȓȖșȒț ș ȚȘȍȔȧ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȔȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȏȕȈ-
ȒȈȔȐ ȊȣȘȍȏȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ
Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȌȍȚȧȔ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕțȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȗȖ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȐ Șț-
ȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ
— ǪȖȏȤȔȐȚȍ ȥȚț ȗȓȈșȚȐȕȒț Ȑ Ȋ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȚȖșȒȐ Ȗ ȌȍȚȧȝ șȔȖȚ-
ȘȐȚȍ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ — ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐȌțȚ
ǫȈȚȊȈ ȕȍ ȖȉȔȈȕțȓ ȍȍ ǪșȧȒȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǫȖȘȓȐȕȈ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȈ
ȋȘțșȚȐȚȤ ȖȕȈ ȌȖșȚȈȊȈȓȈ ȗȖȓȖșȒț ȌȈȕȕțȦ ȉȘȈȔȐȕȖȔ Ȑ șȔȖȚ-
ȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ
ǯȖȓȖȚȖ ȚȍȔȕȍȓȖ șȚȈȕȖȊȧșȤ Ȑȏ ȎȍȓȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ
ȚȘȐ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȝ ȏȕȈȒȈ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡȐȝ ȐȏȖȋȕțȊȠȐȝșȧ ȏȔȍȑ
ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȐ ȠȍȊȍȓȐȚȤșȧ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȗȖȊȐșȈȓ ȚțȔȈȕ ȏȈ
ȏȈȊȍșȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ǫȖȘȓȐȕȈ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ
dzȐȞȈ ț ȕȐȝ ȉȣȓȐ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȍ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȍ ȕȖ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȟ-
ȕȣȍ Ȑ șȊȍȚȓȣȍ Ȉ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȣȓȈȓȐ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȔ ȖȋȕȍȔ ǹ ȒȈȎȌȣȔ
ȌȕȍȔ ȓȐȞȈ ȌȍȚȍȑ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȍȍ Ȉ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȋșȍ ȧȘȟȍ
Ȑ ȧȘȟȍ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ ȕȍȏȍȔȕȣȔ ȔȖȋțȟȐȔ ȉȓȍșȒȖȔ
ǿȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȓȈ Ȋ ȥȚȐ șȍȔȤ ȓȍȚ ǺȈȚȤȧȕȈ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȕȈ" ǰ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ,
Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ
ǶȉȓȈȌȈȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈȔȐ ȖȕȈ ȖȉȢȍȏȌȐȓȈ Ȋșȍ șȚȘȈ-
ȕȣ ǵȐȋȌȍ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȎȐȓȈ DzȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȓȍȋȒȖȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȖ
ȉțȌȚȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȍ ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ ȊȈȎȕȖȋȖ Ȑ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȋȖ ȋȕȈȓȖ ȍȍ
Ȋșȍ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ.
Ǫ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȍ ȍȍ șȟȐȚȈȓȐ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȍȑ ǻȌȐȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȗȖ-
ȟȍȔț ȕȍ ȊȔȍȠȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȍȍ șțȌȤȉț ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȐ ȔțȎȈ ȗȖȟȍ-
Ȕț ȕȍ ȗȖȚȘȍȉțȦȚ ȖȕȐ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȣ țȟȈȡȐȝ-
șȧ ȚȈȔ ȌȍȚȍȑ ǫȖȘȓȐȕȖȑ
ǺȈȚȤȧȕȈ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȕȈ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ
ȕȍȍ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȘȍȎȍ Ȑ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȍ ȕȍȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ

52
ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȊȖȑ ȌȖȔ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȕȈ ȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ ȗȖȌ șȈȔȖȍ ǸȖȎȌȍșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ șȖȏȊȈȓȈ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȌȘțȏȍȑ
ǶȕȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓȈ Ȗ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍ ș ǫȈȚȊȖȑ Ȑ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȌȈȓ ȍȑ
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȚȤ Ȓ șȍȉȍ țȊȍȏȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȖ ǼȘȈȕ-
ȞȐȦ ȌȍȚȍȑ
— ȇ Ȋ ȌȍȒȈȉȘȍ ȎȐȓȈ Ȋ ǨȜȐȕȈȝ — ȖȒȖȕȟȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ șȊȖȑ ȘȈș-
șȒȈȏ — ǰ ȏȌȍșȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ ȔȖȧ șȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȤ
ǪșȧȒțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȉțȠȍȊȈȓȈ ȒȖșȔȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȉțȘȧ Ȑ ȏȈȝ-
ȊȈȚȐȊ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ șȊȖȦ șȚȐȝȐȦ ȔȟȈȓȈ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȇ șȕȖȊȈ ȊșȗȖȔ-
ȕȐȓȈ Ȗ ǫȈȚȊȍ ȧ ȏȊȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȧȊȐȓșȧ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȒȈȒ șȓț-
ȟȐȓȖșȤ ȕȖ ȧ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓȈ ȏȖȓȖȚțȦ ȗȓȈșȚȐȕȒț Ȑ ȊȖȚ țȎȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ
ȕȍ ȊȐȎț șȊȖȐȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ ǿȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ"
ǷȖșȓȍ ȌȖȓȋȐȝ șȖȊȍȡȈȕȐȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȍȠȍȕȖ ȟȚȖ ǺȈȚȤȧȕȈ ǹȍ-
ȔȍȕȖȊȕȈ Ȑ ȍȍ ȌȊȖȦȘȖȌȕȣȑ ȉȘȈȚ — ȊȘȈȟ — ȗȖȍȌțȚ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎ
ȐșȒȈȚȤ ǫȈȚȊț Ȑ ȌȍȚȍȑ ǫȖȘȓȐȕȖȑ
4
ǵȈ țȓȐȞȍ Bretteniére Ȋ ȔȘȈȟȕȖȔ ȖșȖȉȕȧȒȍ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈ-
ȡȍȔ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ ȜȈȊȖȘȐȚȒȍ ȒȖȘȖȓȧ ǼȐȓȐȗȗȈ ǹȦȏȈȕȕȍ ǴȈȘ-
ȔȍȓȓȤ ȗȖȔȍȡȈȓȈșȤ șȚȈȘȍȑȠȈȧ ȓȖȎȈ ȖȒȒțȓȤȚȐșȚȖȊ.
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡȍȍ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȚȈȒ
ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ȋ-ȎȐ ǴȈȘȔȍȓȓȤ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ ȎȐȓ Ȑ ȒȖȓȌȖȊȈȓ ȖșȚȈȊ-
ȠȐȑșȧ ȌȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ —
DzȈȓȐȖșȚȘȖ
ǻ ȊȝȖȌȈ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȧ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȐ
— ǪȈȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȐȔȧ ȓȖȎȐ"
ǰ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ȌȊțȔȧ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ
— ǹȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȑ ǨȓȔȈȏ
Ǫ ȖȌȐȕ ȗȈșȔțȘȕȣȑ Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ Brettenié-
re ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ șȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȕȕȣȝ ȥȒȐȗȈ-
Ȏȍȑ Ȑ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȍȑ
ǵȈȘȧȌȕȣȍ ȌȈȔȣ Ȑ ȊȈȎȕȣȍ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ Ȋ ȞȐȓȐȕȌȘȈȝ ȊȣȝȖ-
ȌȐȓȐ Ȑȏ țȌȖȉȕȣȝ ȒȖȓȧșȖȒ Ȑ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȝ ȔȖȚȖȘȖȊ Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ-

53
Ȋȣȍ Ȑ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȍȕȕȣȍ șȒȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȔ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȍ ȗȖ-
ȔȍȡȍȕȐȧ ȓȖȎȐ
ǷȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȐ ȊȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒȘțȋȓȣȑ ȏȈȓ țșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ
șȒȈȔȍȑȒȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȒȈȚȖȓȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȝȘȈȔȈȝ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋȣ-
șȖȒȐȔȐ șȍȔȐșȊȍȟȕȐȒȈȔȐ șȚȖȧȡȐȔȐ ȚȘȍȔȧ ȘȧȌȈȔȐ ȖȉȘȈȏțȦ-
ȡȐȔȐ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȤȕȐȒ
ǵȈ șȈȔȖȑ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȏȈȓȈ Ȋ ȞȍȕȚȘȍ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȤȕȐȒȈ ȊȣșȐȓȈșȤ
șȚȘȖȑȕȈȧ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȈ Ȑȏ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȜȘȐȚȈ ȊȍȘȝȕȧȧ ȘȈșȠȐ-
ȘȧȦȡȈȧșȧ Ȋ ȒȈȗȐȚȍȓȤ ȟȈșȚȤ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȈ ȓȍȋȒȖȑ
ȔȈȚȍȘȐȍȑ ȖȚȖȘȖȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ ȉȈȝȘȖȔȖȑ ǻ ȒȖ-
ȓȖȕȕȣ ȗȖȔȍȡȈȓȖșȤ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȐȍ ș ȌȊțȔȧ ȒȘȍșȓȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȚȘȍȝ
ȐȏȖȋȕțȚȣȝ ȕȖȎȒȈȝ
ǹȚȍȕȣ ȏȈȓȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȉȚȧȕțȚȣ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ șțȒȕȖȔ ș ȐȌțȡȐȔȐ
ȗȖ ȒȈȘȕȐȏț ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȈȔȐ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȐȏȊȐ-
ȊȈȦȡȐȝșȧ Ȑ ȉȤȦȡȐȝșȧ ȏȔȍȑ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ șȒȈȔȤȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȕȧȚȣ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȐȐ ȗȖȧȊȐȓ-
șȧ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ Ȑ ȝțȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȚȍȔȕȣȔ ȓȐ-
ȞȖȔ Ȑ ȋțșȚȣȔȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ ȗȈȌȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȕȈ ȓȖȉ Ȑ
ȋȓȈȏȈ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȘțȒȐ ȊȊȍȘȝ Ȑ ȋȓțȝȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș:
— ǩȘȈȚ ǫȘȍȋțȈȘ Ȑ ǺȍȕȤ ȍȋȖ ȠȓȦȚ șȖȉȘȈȊȠȐȔșȧ ȗȘȐȊȍȚ Ȑ
șȓȖȊȖ ȗȖȒȖȧ
ǺȐȝȐȑ șȌȍȘȎȈȕȕȣȑ ȠȍȗȖȚ ȗȘȖȕȍșșȧ ȗȖ ȏȈȓț Ȑ șȚȐȝ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȘțȒȐ
— ǩȘȈȚ ǫȘȍȋțȈȘ Ȑ ǺȍȕȤ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȗȖȐșȒȈȝ ȐșȚȐȕȣ Ȑ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȑ
ȕȈțȒȐ ȕȈȠȓȐ Ȍȓȧ ȉȘȈȚȤȍȊ șȊȖȐȝ Ȑ șȍșȚȍȘ — ȕȖȊȣȑ ȗțȚȤ ȗȘȈȊ-
Ȍȣ Ȉ ȐȔȧ ȍȔț — ȈȚȈȕȈȚ ǰȏ ȌȐȒȐȝ ȚȘȈȊ șȒȈȓȐșȚȣȝ țȡȍȓȐȑ
Ȑȏ ȒȖȘȣ ȉȈȔȉțȒȈ ȖȉȊȐȚȖȋȖ ȏȔȍȍȦ Ȋ ȕȖȊȖȓțȕȐȍ Ȑȏ șȕȍȋȈ Ȋȣ-
ȗȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȋ ȟȈș ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȌȍȧȕȐȑ — ȊȖȚ ȈȚȈȕȈȚ
ǷȘȐ ȥȚȐȝ șȓȖȊȈȝ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ ȏȈȓȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȐșȤ ȗȖ-
ȚȈȑȕȣȍ ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȐ Ȋ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȖȌȍȎȌȈȝ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȘȈȏȕȖ-
șȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȝ ȉȓȦȌȈȝ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȊȈ-
Țȣȍ ȓȍȗȍȠȒȐ.
ǹȖȉȘȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȍȓȐ Ȑȝ Ȑ ȗȖ ȔȍȘȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȐșȟȍȏȈȓ ©ȈȚȈ-
ȕȈȚª ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȍȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎ-
ȕȍȍ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȍȍ Ȑȝ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ
dzȦȌȐ ȉȣȊȠȐȍ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȐȓȐ ȕȖșȐȊȠȐȍ
șȓȍȌȣ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȑ Ȑ ȋȖȘȧ ȌȍȓȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȔȐ ȌȘțȋ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȈ

54
ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȣȍ ȉȍȏȔȧȚȍȎȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȐȍ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ Ȑ
Ȋ ȕȍȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȍȔȖșȚȐ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑȝ ȓȐȞ DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ șȒȖȘȖ
Ȋșȍ șȖȉȘȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ȊȗȈȌțȚ Ȋ ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍȕȐȍ ȐȓȐ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ
ȉȘȍȌȖȊȣȑ șȖȕ ǵȖ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖșȤ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȉțȘȍȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȈȚȖȔ ȈȚȔȖș-
ȜȍȘȣ ȒȈȎȌȈȧ ȒȈȗȓȧ ȐșȗȈȘȐȊȠȍȑșȧ ȊȖȌȣ ȕȍșțȚ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȔȖȋț-
ȟȐȑ ȏȈȘȧȌ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȈ ȘȖȎȌȈȦȡȐȑ ȔȖȓȕȐȐ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȐȍ
Ȑ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ǵȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȖ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȖȡțȚȐ-
ȔȣȔ ǿțȊșȚȊȈ ȖȉȖșȚȘȧȓȐșȤ ȌȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȈ ǫȓȈȏȈȔ șȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ ȖȚ ȚȐȝȖȋȖ ȔȍȘȞȈȕȐȧ ȊȖșȒȖȊȣȝ șȊȍȟȍȑ Șȍȏ-
ȒȐȔ Ȑ ȖȋȓțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȠȍȓȍșȚ ȗȓȈȚȤȧ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ ȚȘȍșȒ
ȖȉȋȖȘȍȊȠȐȝ șȊȍȚȐȓȍȕ ǹȒȊȖȏȤ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȍ șȚȍȕȣ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ
Ȑ ȚȖȓșȚȖȍ șțȒȕȖ ȗȘȖȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ șȊȍȚȖȊȣȍ ȗȖȚȖȒȐ ș țȓȐȞȣ —
Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȧșȕȖ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȍȘȍȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȍ ©ȈȚȈȕȈȚȖȔª
ǺȐȝȐȑ Ȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȏȊțȟȕȣȑ țȌȈȘ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓȈ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓ ȗȖȌ șȊȖ-
ȌȈȔȐ ȏȈȓȈ Ȑ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ
ș ȧȘȒȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȐȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȊșȝȖ-
ȌȐȚȤ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȑ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȑ ȦȕȖȠȈ Ȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ
ș ȊȖȓȕȖȑ Șțșȣȝ ȊȖȓȖș ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȝ ȍȍ ȗȓȍȟȐ Ȑ ȋȘțȌȤ
ǶȕȐ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȓȐȞȖȔ
Ȓ șȖȉȘȈȊȠȐȔșȧ șȒȓȖȕȐȊȠȐȔ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȗȘȐ Ȑȝ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȐ ǻ
ȖȉȖȐȝ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣ Ȉ ȗȖ ȓȐȞȈȔ ȉȓțȎȌȈȓȈ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟ-
ȕȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȐșȟȍȏȈȦȡȈȧ ț șȚȘȖȋȐȝ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȝ
ȋțȉǵȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȋȓȈȏ ȦȕȖȠȈ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȕȍȜȘȐȚȖȊȖȑ ȒȖȓȖȕ-
ȕȍ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȒȊȍȘȝț șȊȖȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȦȡȍȍ ȕȍ-
ȗȘȍȒȓȖȕȕțȦ ȊȖȓȦ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ
Ǫ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȔȐȋ ȓȍȋȒȈȧ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȧ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȈȧ ȊȍȘȠȐȕț ȒȖ-
ȓȖȕȕȣ ȠȍȊȍȓȤȕțȓȈșȤ ȏȈȚȘȍȗȍȚȈȓȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȖȌȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȈȧ
șȐȓȤȕȣȔ ȊȍȚȘȖȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȗȘȐȎȈȓȈșȤ Ȓ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȐȧȔ ȒȈ-
ȗȐȚȍȓȐ ǷȖȌ ȕȍȦ ȗȖ ȒȈȘȕȐȏț Ƞȍȓ ȌȊȖȑȕȖȑ ȘȧȌ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗ-
ȕȖ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȐȝ ȈȓȔȈȏȖȊ ȗȍȘȍȓȐȊȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȊșȍȔȐ ȞȊȍȚȈȔȐ ȘȈ-
ȌțȋȐ
ǶȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȌȊȍȘȞȈ șȒȘȣȚȈȧ Ȋ
ȒȈȔȕȍ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ Ȑ Ȋ ȏȈȓȍ ȗȘȖȕȍșșȧ ȒȘȐȒ
— ǹȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȑ ǨȓȔȈȏ ǹȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȑ ǨȓȔȈȏ
ǰȏ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȔȕȧ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȗȋȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȋȓȈȏ.

55
Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȘțȒȐ ȊȏȘȖșȓȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȑ ȖȗȘȈȊȓȍȕ
Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȍ șȍȘȍȉȘȖ ș ȊȣȘȍȏȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȚȍȔȐ Ȏȍ ȗȐșȤȔȍ-
ȕȈȔȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȠȓȐ ȗȖ ȒȈȘȕȐȏț ȏȈȓȈ
ǨȓȔȈȏ ȥȚȖȚ ȕȍ șȊȍȘȒȈȓ ȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȓȐȊȈȓșȧ ȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ ȖȋȕȧȔȐ
Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ
șȚȘȈȠȕȖ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȊ Ȋ ȥȚț ȉȍȏȌȕț șȊȍȚȖȊȖȑ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȖșȚȐ,
ȋȌȍ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȖ Ȗ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȍ Ȗ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ
șȝȖȌȐȚ ș țȔȈ ȟȚȖ șȚȘȍȔȐȚșȧ ȚțȌȈ ȋȌȍ ȕȍȚ ȕȐ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȑ ȕȐ ȊȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȐ ȕȐ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ
ǷȘȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȐ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȉȍȏ ȕȍȋȖ ȈȓȔȈȏ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȐȏȔȍȕȧȓ șȊȖȑ ȞȊȍȚ Ȗȕ șȘȈȏț ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȓșȧ ȚȖ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔ ȚȖ ȒȘȈș-
ȕȣȔ ȚȖ șȐȕȐȔ ȖȋȕȍȔ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȔ Ȑ ȧȘȒȐȔ ȕȍ șȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȔ
ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȉȍȏȌȕȣ ȕȍȉȣȚȐȧ ȚȈȧȡȍȑșȧ Ȋ ȈȓȔȈȏȍ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȊȖșȒȓȐȞȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȠȍȗȖȚ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȏȈȚȐȝȈȚȤ,
ȦȕȖȠȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȉȊȍȓ ȐȔȐ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦ-
ȡȐȝ
dzȦȌȐ ȗȖȌ ȥȚȐȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓȐ ȌȣȠȈȚȤ Ȑ ȊȏȖȘȣ
Ȑȝ țȚȖȕțȓȐ Ȋ ȓțȟȍȏȈȘȕȖȑ ȗțșȚȖȚȍ Ȑȝ ȅȚȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȖȋȓȖȡȈȓȐ
ȊȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȐ Ȋ șȍȉȧ Ȑ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȋȖȘȈȓȐșȤ șȖȉ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȉȓȍșȒȖȔ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ș șȈȔȖȋȖ ȌȕȈ Ȑȝ ș ȉȍșȗȘȍȌȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ șȔȖȚ-
Șȍȓ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȏȖȘȒȐȑ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ
ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȋȓȈȏ ȦȕȖȠȐ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ șȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋșȍ ȋȓțȉȎȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ șȓȐȊȈ-
ȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȑ ȏȘȈȟȖȒ ȏȈȗȖȓȕȧȦȚ
șȖȉȖȦ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȊȗȐȚȣȊȈȦȚ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȓȦȌȍȑ ș Ȑȝ
ȔȣșȓȧȔȐ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȈȔȐ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈȔȐ Ȑ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧȔȐ.
ǬȖȓȋȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȦȕȖȠȈ ȕȈ șȖȉȘȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ Ȑȏ
ȕȐȝ țȗȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ Ȑ Ȋȣȕțȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȊȗȐȚȈȓ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȗȖȚȖȔ
Ȗȕ ȒȖșȕțȓșȧ șȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ȘțȒ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ șȊȖȐȔȐ Șț-
ȒȈȔȐ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȚȐȝȐȔ ȕȖ ȊȕȧȚȕȣȔ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ
— ǪȐȌȍȓ ȔȕȖȋȖȍ șȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȊȍȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ǹȓȣȠȈȓ ȗȘȈȊ-
Ȍț Ȑ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȓȦȌȧȝ Ȋ șȚȈȘȣȝ ȒȕȐȋȈȝ ȔțȌȘȍȞȖȊ Ȋ ȋȖȊȖ-
Șȍ ȓȍșȖȊ ȊȖȌȣ ȋȖȘ Ȑ ȊȍȚȘȈ Ǫ ȠțȔȍ ȊȐȝȘȧ Ȋ șȊȐșȚȍ ȗȓȈȔȍ-
ȕȐ Ȋ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȍ ȋȘȖȏ ȗȘȐȓȍȚȈȓ Ȗȕ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȊȍȡȈȓ
ǹ ȒȈȎȌȣȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȟȕȍȍ Ȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȍȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ
ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȘȈȚȈ ǫȘȍȋțȈȘȈ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȍȍ ȖȉȊȖȌȐȓ Ȗȕ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-

57
șȚȖȑ șȓȦȕȖȑ Ȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ șȊȍȚȧȡȐȍșȧ șȗȘțȚȣ ȖȉȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓȐ
șȊȖȐȔȐ ȓȈȗȈȔȐ Ȑ ȡțȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȒȘȐȟȈȡȐȝ ȖȚ țȎȈșȈ Ȑ
ȉȖȓȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȈȓȐ Ȓ Ȑȝ ȓȐȞȈȔ ȎȈȌȕȣȔȐ ȘȚȈȔȐ ȋȘȣȏ-
ȓȐ Ȑ ȚȍȘȏȈȓȐ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȐșȟȍȏȓȖ Ȋ ȕȍȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȍȔȖȔ șȓȍȗȖȔ ȔȘȈ-
Ȓȍ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȗȖȌ șȈȔȖȑ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑ ȋȖȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȈȘȒȖȑ
ȟțȚȤ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ șȊȍȚȐȓȈșȤ ȧȘȒȈȧ ȚȖȟȒȈ ǶȕȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȈșȤ
Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȊȍȚȓțȦ ȗȖȓȖșȒț ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȒȈȟȈȦȡțȦ-
șȧ ȖȚ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȊȖȌȈ Ȓ ȌȘțȋȖȔț ǺȈȒ ȌȓȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȋȕȖ-
ȊȍȕȐȑ ȗȖȒȈ Ȑȏ ȋȘțȌȐ șȖȉȘȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȕȍ ȊȣȘȊȈȓșȧ ȒȘȐȒ
— ǷȈțȒ! ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ ǷȈțȒ
ǶȚȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ Ȑȏ ȗțȟȐȕ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ ȒȐȌȈȧ ȗȈțȚȐȕț ȖȚ ȏȊȍȏ-
Ȍȣ Ȓ ȏȊȍȏȌȍ Ȑ ȗȓȍȚȧ șȊȖȦ șȍȚȤ Ȓ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȗȖȓȏ ȗȈțȒ ǹȊȖȐȔȐ
ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȔȐ ȓȈȗȈȔȐ Ȗȕ ȒȈȒ ȘȣȟȈȋȈȔȐ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȖȗțȚȣȊȈȓ
ȔȐȘȣ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȑ ȕȐȚȤȦ ǯȈ șȍȘȖȑ șȍȚȤȦ ȐșȟȍȏȈȓȖ ȕȍȉȖ Ȑ
ȔȍȘȒȓȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ Ȉ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ ȕȖȟȤ ǰȏ ȔțȚȕȣȝ șțȔȍ-
ȘȍȒ ȋȓȧȌȍȓȐ Ȗȋȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȈțȒȈ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȊȗȖȓȏ Ȋ ȏȈȓ
Ȑ ȖȗȍȘȠȐșȤ ȚȖȓșȚȣȔ ȎȐȊȖȚȖȔ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȖȕȕț ȖȉȌȈȓ Ȋșȍȝ Ȗȋ-
ȕȍȔ ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȝ ȏȘȈȟȒȖȊ ȒȖșȕțȓșȧ ȖșȚȘȣȔȐ ȠȐȗȈȔȐ ȧȌȖȊȐ-
Țȣȝ ȓȈȗ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȋȘȖȔȒȐȔȐ ȒȘȐȒȈȔȐ Ȑ șȚȖȕȈ-
ȔȐ țȗȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȉȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ șțȌȖȘȖȋȈȝ
— ǷȘȐȠȍȓ — ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȒȘȐȒ ȦȕȖȠȐ — ǷȘȐȠȍȓ ȘȖȎȌȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ șȐȓȈȔȐ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ȑ ȌțȝȈ
ǻ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ ȊȣȘȖș ȋȐȋȈȕȚ Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȔȘȈȒ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȘȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȘȖȘȣȊȍ ȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȕȍȧșȕȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ǶȕȈ ȌȍȓȈȓȈșȤ
ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȍȍ Ȑ șȊȍȚȓȍȍ ǶȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȘȈȟȕȖ ȟȍȘȕȍȍ
ȚȍȔȕȖȚȣ Ȉ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȖȏȈȘȍȕȈ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ ǫȐȋȈȕȚ ȗȖȟ-
ȚȐ ȒȈșȈȓșȧ șȊȖȌȖȊ ȏȈȓȈ ǫȓȈȏ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ, ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ țș-
ȚȘȍȔȐȓ Ȑȝ ȊȊȍȘȝ ǴȖȋțȟȐȍ ȘțȒȐ Ȗȕ șȒȘȍșȚȐȓ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ȗȖ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȌȖ ȗȖȧșȈ șȗțșȒȈȓȈșȤ ȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ șȍȌȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ
Ƕȕ ȊȌȘțȋ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ǫȖȓȖș ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȌȖȉȍȕ țȌȈȘț
ȋȘȖȔȈ
ǹȚȍȕȣ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȐ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȏȈȒȖȓȣȝȈȓȐșȤ șȍȔȐ-
șȊȍȟȕȐȒȐ Ȑ ȗȈȓȐ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȍ
ǷȖȋȈș șȊȍȚ Ȑ Ȑșȟȍȏ ȋȐȋȈȕȚ
ǻ ȊȝȖȌȈ Ȋ ȏȈȓ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȒȘȐȒ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ
șȔȖȓȒȈȊȠȐȑ ȊȖȗȓȤ
— ǴȖȑ șȣȕ ȔȖȑ șȣȕ ȔȖȐ ȌȍȚȐ

58
ǪșȗȣȝȕțȓȐ ȓȈȔȗȣ Ȑ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ Ȑșȗț-
ȋȈȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȗȖȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ
DzȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȌȈȔȈ Ȋșȧ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ ȗȘȖȚȐșȒȐȊȈȓȈșȤ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȚȖȓ-
ȗț Ȓ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȐȦ ț ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ
ǴȈȓȤȟȐȒȐ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȔ Ȑ ȓȦȌȐ ș ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȒțȘȟȈȊȣȔȐ ȊȖȓȖ-
șȈȔȐ Ȑ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓȣȔȐ ȓȐȞȈȔȐ ȖȒȘțȎȐȓȐ ȦȕȖȠț Ȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒț Ȑ
ȖȕȐ ȊȏȧȊȠȐșȤ ȏȈ ȘțȒȐ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȊȈȎȕȖ șȗțșȒȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖ șȚț-
ȗȍȕȤȒȈȔ
— ǫȘȐȠȈ ǵȐȕȈ — ȕȈȌȘȣȊȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
ȕțȊ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ, ȊȖȘȊȈȊȠȈȧșȧ Ȋ ȏȈȓ ȌȈȔȈ
ǵȐ ȦȕȖȠȈ ȕȐ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȕȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ǻ ȖȉȖȐȝ
ȉȣȓȐ ȗȓȖȚȕȖ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȉ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȈȝ ȉȍȏȔȧȚȍȎȕȣȑ ȗȖ-
ȒȖȑ
— Ǫȣ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȍȚȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ — ș ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȍȔ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖșȍ
ȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ — ǷȖȎȈȓȍȑȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȎȈ-
ȓȍȑȚȍ
ǺȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȕȣȍ ȘȣȌȈȕȐȧ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȦȕȖȠȈ
Ȑ ȉȍȏȖȚȟȍȚȕȖ țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ șȊȖȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȚȖȗȐȓ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȉȍȏȌȕȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȑ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȊ ȍȑ Ȋ ȌțȠț ȗȖȕȧȓ Ȑ țȏȕȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ
ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȌȈȎȍ ȋțȉȣ ȍȋȖ țȎȍ ȠȍȊȍȓȤȕțȓȐșȤ ȕȖ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȐșȒȈȏȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ
șȔȍȧșȤ Ȑ ȗȘȐȗȓȧșȣȊȈȧ Ȗȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȏȈȐȒȈȧșȤ Ȑ șȉȐȊȈȧșȤ Ƞȍȗ-
ȚȈȚȤ
— ǵȐȕȖȟȒȈ ș ȉȍȓȖȑ ȒȖȏȖȟȒȖȑ ȐȋȘȈȓȈ ț ȒȖȏȖȟȒȐ ȘȖȎȒȐ
ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȗȖȗțȋȈȑ ȍȡȍ ȉȣȓ Ȉ șȚȈȘȣȑ ǫȈȚȊȈ țȠȍȓ țȎȍ șȖȊ-
șȍȔ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕț șȐȓ ǩȍȓȈȧ ȒȖȏȖȟȒȈ ș ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔȐ ȘȖȎȒȈȔȐ
Ƕȕ ȏȈȓȐȓșȧ ȉȍșșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȉȓȍȦȡȐȔ șȔȍȝȖȔ ȎȈȓȖȉ-
ȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȍȘȋȐȊȈȧ țȏȒȐȔȐ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ Ȑ ȝȓȖȗȈȧ Ȋ ȓȈȌȖȠȐ
— ǵȐȕȖȟȒȈ — ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȌȍȊțȠȒȍ ȌȈȔȈ. — ǿȚȖ ș ǫȘȐ-
Ƞȍȑ"
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȕȍ ȠȍȓȖȝȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȕȍ ȐȏȌȈȓȈ ȕȐ ȏȊțȒȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȔȈȚȤ Ȋ țȎȈșȍ ȖȉȊȍȓȈ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ ȊȏȖȘȖȔ ȗȖȓ-
ȕȣȔ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȧ Ȑ ȋȖȘȧ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȖȊ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ — ȋȓțȝȖȕȍȔȈȧ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ
ȋȓȈȏ

ǻǼȅǻǼǷ ǽǼǿdzȀǶȀdzǹȊ

61
I
ǩȣȓ ȚȖȚ ȟȈș ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȕȖȟȕȖȑ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȐ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ
ǹȖȕȕȣȍ șȚȖȘȖȎȈ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȗȖȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȗȈȒȍȚȣ ș ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȈȔȐ
ȈȋȍȕȚșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȒȈȏȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȉȦȓȓȍȚȍȕȧȔȐ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȠțȔȕȖȋȖ șțȍȚȓȐȊȖȋȖ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȖȕȕȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȧ ȗȖȓȤ-
ȏȖȊȈȓșȧ ȥȚȐȔ ȖȉȣȟȕȣȔ ȗȍȘȍȘȣȊȖȔ Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȝȖȌȐȓ Ȑȏ țȋ-
ȓȈ Ȋ țȋȖȓ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȖȚȋȖȘȖȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȖȚ țȏȒȖȋȖ ȒȖ-
ȘȐȌȖȘȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȉȖȘȒȖȑ ǿȈșȣ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȚȐȒȈȓȐ Ȑ
țȕȣȓȖ șȐȗȓȖ ȝȘȐȗȍȓȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȏȓȐȓȐșȤ ȊȚȈȑȕȍ Ȑ ȉȘȦȏȎȈȓȐ
ȇ ȗȖȚțȠȐȓ ȖȌȕț ȓȈȔȗț Ȑ Ȋ ȗȖȓțȔȘȈȒȍ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȏȈȒȘȣȊ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈ Ȑ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȕȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȚȤ
Ǫ ȖȚȒȘȣȚțȦ ȜȖȘȚȖȟȒț ȊȘȣȊȈȓșȧ șȊȍȎȐȑ ȔȖȘȖȏȕȣȑ ȊȖȏ-
Ȍțȝ Ȑ ȖȟȐȡȈȓ șȗȍȘȚțȦ, ȗȘȖȗȐȚȈȕȕțȦ ȚȈȉȈȟȕȣȔ ȌȣȔȖȔ ȈȚ-
ȔȖșȜȍȘț ȋȘȧȏȕȖȑ ȏȈȒȖȗȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ș ȌȊțȔȧ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ șȚȖȓȈȔȐ ȏȈȓȐȚȣȔȐ ȟȍȘȕȐȓȈȔȐ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕȖȔ Ȑ ȞȍȓȖȑ
șȍȚȤȦ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȕȐ Ȓ ȟȍȔț ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȒ ȅȚȐ ȗȘȖȊȖ-
ȓȖȒȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȐȕȚȘȐȋȖȊȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ țȏȕȈȚȤ
Ȍȓȧ ȟȍȋȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȣ Ȑ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓșȧ ȓȐ ȐȔȐ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ Ȋ șȈȔȣȍ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ
ǰ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓ ȕȈ ȥȚț ȗȖȟȍȘȕȍȊȠțȦ ȖȚ
ȒȖȗȖȚȐ ȗȣȓȐ Ȑ ȗȈțȚȐȕȣ șȍȚȤ ȚȧȕțȡȐȝșȧ ȗȖȌ șȈȔȣȔ ȗȖȚȖȓ-
ȒȖȔ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȒ Ȑ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȚȤșȧ Ȗȉ Ȑȝ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȐ
ǵȖ ȧ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȠȈȋ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧȝ
Ȑ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȊ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȒȖȊ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȈ ȔȖȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș Ȗ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȒȈȝ ȗȘȐȚȊȖȘȕȖ
șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— Ǭȓȧ șȖȓȐȌȕȖșȚȐ țȟȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȣ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ
ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊȐȟ
ȇ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȚȤ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȕȖȊȖșȚȐ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȕȕȣȍ
Ȕȕȍ ȌȕȍȔ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȚȖȓȟȖȒ
ǬȈ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ șȈȔȣȑ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȚȖȓȟȖȒ șȐȓȤȕȣȑ Ȑ ȒȖ-
ȘȖȚȒȐȑ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȊȠȐȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤșȧ
ȇ ș ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ Ȗȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȌȐȕ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ
— ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȖȠȈȓȐȊȈȦȚ Ȏȍ ȕȍȘȊȣ — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȧ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȧ
ȊȕȖȊȤ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ ǿȈșȣ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȉȐȚȤ ȖȌȐȕȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ Ȑ ȧ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓ-

62
șȧ Ȋ ȕȈȉȖȘȕțȦ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ș ȔȍȚȘȈȕȗȈȎȍȔ
Ǫ ȌȊȍȘȧȝ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȧ șȚȖȓȒȕțȓșȧ ș șȚȖȧȡȐȔ ȏȌȍșȤ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȖȌȍȚȣȔ Ȋ Șȧșț ȒȈȚȖȓȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒȈ Ǵȍ-
ȕȧ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȒȘțȋȓȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ș
ȋțșȚȣȔȐ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖ ȖșȚȘȐȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ șȍȌȣȔȐ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ ȒȘțȋ-
ȓȣȔȐ ȗȚȐȟȤȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȚȖȓșȚȣȔȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋțȉȈȔȐ
— ȇ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȕȈ ȊȈș șȔȖȚȘȦ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȋȓțȝȐȔ șȒȘȐȗț-
ȟȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— ǿȚȖ ȊȈȔ țȋȖȌȕȖ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧ ȘȊȈȕțȦ
ȋȘȧȏȕțȦ Șȧșț șȚȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȧ
— ȇ — șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȒ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒ — Ƕȕ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȏȕȈȍȚ — ǷȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȤ ȔȖȚȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț
ȘȍȌȈȒȚȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȈ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ șȎȈȊȠȐ Ȋșȍ șȊȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ Ȋ
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ șȔȖȘȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȖȔȖȒ ȏȈȝȐȝȐȒȈȓ Ȑ ȏȈȚȘȧșșȧ
— Ƕȕ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚ — ȏȈȓȍȗȍȚȈȓ Ȗȕ — Ȉ ȓȦȉȐȚ
șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȌțȠȍșȗȈșȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȉȍșȍȌȣ ȊȍșȚȐ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȒȐȍ ȒȈȕȖ-
ȕȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȚȍȔȣ Ǩ ȧ ȍȔț ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ țȌȖȉȕȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ șȍȑȟȈș șȚȈ-
ȚȤȦ Ȗ șȍȒȚȈȕȚȈȝ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖȌșțȕț ȇ — șȚȈȘȣȑ ȗȐșȈ-
ȚȍȓȤ Ȑ Ȕȍȕȧ șȈȔ ȗȈȗȈ ȏȕȈȍȚ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȏȈȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓșȧ ǷȖ șȐȓȤȕȖȔț ȏȈȗȈȝț șȗȐȘȚȈ ȧ ȗȖ-
ȕȧȓ, ȟȚȖ ȔȖȑ șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒ ȗȤȧȕ
— ǷȈȗȈ" — ȗȍȘȍșȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ ș ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȐȍȔ
— ǵț ȌȈ ȗȈȗȈ — ȏȈȊȖȘȟȈȓ Ȗȕ ȖȉȐȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ — ȇ
ȊȍȌȤ Ȋ «Osservatore Romano» șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȟȈȓ Ȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ǸȐȔ ȏȕȈȍȚ
ǹȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒ șȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȋȘțȌȤ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȏȈșȚȖȕȈȊ ǩȖȓȍȏ-
ȕȍȕȕȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȐșȒȘȐȊȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖȍ șȚȈȘȟȍșȒȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ.
— ǷȘȐșȧȌȤȚȍ — ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȧ ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȊȠȐșȤ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ-
șȚȐ șȒȖȘȖȚȈȚȤ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖșȚȈȦȡȍȍșȧ ȌȖ ȗȘȐȍȏȌȈ ȚȍȈȚȘȈȓȤȕȣȝ
ȒȘȐȚȐȒȖȊ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘȖȊ ȗȖ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȧȔ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ șȖȚȘțȌ-
ȕȐȒȖȊ ȌȈȦȡȐȝ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȝȘȖȕȐȒȍȘșȒȐȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȒȐ ǹȚȈ-
ȘȐȒ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ șȍȓ ȏȈ șȚȖȓ ȗȖȌȗȍȘȍȊ ȖȉȍȐ-
ȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ șȊȖȦ ȒȘțȋȓțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț
ǹȊȍȚ ȓȈȔȗȣ ȗȈȌȈȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊșȔȈȚ-
ȘȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȐȏȔȖȎȌȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȖȘȖȟȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ǫȓțȉȖȒȐȍ ȔȖȘ-
ȡȐȕȣ ȗȘȖȘȍȏȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȊȐșȠȐȑ ȗȓȖșȒȐȑ ȓȖȉ Ȑ ȏȔȍȐȓȐșȤ
ȖȒȖȓȖ ȒȘȈșȕȣȝ ȎȈȌȕȣȝ ȋțȉ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȟȍȘȕȍȓȐ ȌȈȊȕȖ
ȕȍ ȉȘȐȚȣȍ ȡȍȚȐȕȐșȚȣȍ țșȣ DzȘȈșȕȣȍ ȊȍȒȐ ȖȒȈȑȔȓȧȓȐ ȉȓȍ-

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șȚȧȡȐȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȖȘȖȑ șȖȊșȍȔ șȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȍșȧ
ȗȖȌ ȒțșȚȐșȚȣȔȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȍȡȍ ȉȘȖȊȧȔȐ
ǹȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȍȎȈșȤ Ȑ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȧ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ
ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȏȈȗȓȍȚȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȧȏȣȒȖȔ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
Ȕȍȕȧ
— Ǫȣ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȏȈȟȍȔ ȧ șȦȌȈ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ"
— Ǫȣ țȎȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓȐ Ȕȕȍ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȧ — ǷȖșȐȌȐȚȍ —Șȍ-
ȌȈȒȚȖȘ șȒȖȘȖ ȊȍȘȕȍȚșȧ
— ǿȚȖ — ȘȍȌȈȒȚȖȘ" — ȏȈȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ — ȇ ȝȖȟț Ȋșȍ ȘȈș-
șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȇ șȦȌȈ ȗȘȐȝȖȎț ȘȍȌȒȖ ǰȏ «Osservatore Romano» ȌȈ
ȊȌȘțȋ șȦȌȈ ǽȈ-ȝȈ-ȝȈ — ȏȈȓȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȖȉȐȌȕȣȔ ȒȖ-
ȓȦȟȐȔ șȔȍȝȖȔ — Ǩ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȚȡȍȚȈ ǸȈȏȊȍ
ȓȐȘȈ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȈȧ Ȋ ȘȐȔșȒȖȑ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȐ ȕȍ ȚȖ Ȏȍ șȚȖȐȚ ȟȚȖ
șȖȘȖȒ ȒȖȗȍȍȒ ȏȈȘȈȉȖȚȈȕȕȣȍ ȏȌȍșȤ"
ǰ Ȗȕ ȓțȒȈȊȖ ȗȖȌȔȐȋȕțȓ Ȋ ȔȖȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț
ȇ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ
— ȇ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȓȦȌȐ ȚȖȘȋțȦȚ șȓȖȊȖȔ Ǩ ȒȈȒ țȏ-
ȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ șȓȖȊȖ — ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȚȖȊȈȘ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȊȍșȤ șȔȣșȓ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐǶȕ ȗȖȗȍȘȝȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ Ȑ ȋȓțȝȖ ȒȈȠȓȧȓ ȝȊȈȚȈȧșȤ ȏȈ ȋȘțȌȤ.
— ȇ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȒȖȘȔȐȓȐ ȕȖ
ȏȈȊȚȘȈ Ȕȕȍ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȝȖȟȍȚșȧ ȍșȚȤ ǪȖȚ ȧ ȗȘȐȕȍș șȚȈȚȤȦ ǩțȌț
ȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȈȊȈȕș Ǩ Ȗȕ ȏȓȖȑ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ" — ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȎȐȊȓȧȧșȤ șȗȘȖ-
șȐȓ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȘȍȌȈȒȚȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȈ
— ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȧ
— DzțȌȈ Ȗȕ țȍȝȈȓ" — ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖȊȐȚȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ
— Ǫ ȚȍȈȚȘ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ
— ǵț ȥȚȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ǽȖȘȖȠȖ — șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȔ țȎȍ ȚȖȕȖȔ ȗȘȖ-
Ȑȏȕȍș șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ șȔȍȧșȤ ȏȈȔȈȝȈȓ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȗȖ ȕȈȗ-
ȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȋȌȍ șȚȖȧȓ șȔțȡȍȕȕȣȑ șȚȖȘȖȎ ǨȓȍȒșȍȑ ș
ȎȐȘȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȐȓȐȏȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ Ȑ șȒȖȕȜțȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȓȐ-
ȞȖȔ — ǷȘȖȏȍȊȈȓ ȉȘȈȚȍȞ ȗȘȖșȗȈȓ
ǨȓȍȒșȍȑ ȗȍȘȍȔȐȕȈȓșȧ ș ȕȖȋȐ ȕȈ ȕȖȋț șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ
ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ
— ǵȍȊȏȕȈȟȈȑ ȏȈșȕțȓ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț Ȉ ȖȕȐ ȠȈșȚȤ Ȋ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȦ
ǹȖȊșȍȔ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ
— ǽȍ-ȝȍ-ȝȍ — ȏȈȓȐȓșȧ ȌȘȍȉȍȏȎȈȡȐȔ șȔȍȝȖȔ șȚȈȘȐȒ —
Ǩ Țȣ ȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȧ Ȓ Țȍȉȍ ș ȌȖȒȓȈȌȖȔ ȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȘȐȠȓȦ"

64
ǹȚțȗȈȑ ǹȚțȗȈȑ
ǰ ȒȈȟȈȧșȤ ȕȈ șȚțȓȍ Ȗȕ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȔȈȝȕțȓ ȘțȒȖȑ Ȋ
șȚȖȘȖȕț ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ǨȓȍȒșȍȧ
— ǰȌȐȚȍ ǨȓȍȒșȍȑ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ
DzȖȋȌȈ șȚȖȘȖȎ țȠȍȓ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȊ Șȧșț
ȖȉȕȈȎȐȓ ȗȘȈȊțȦ ȕȖȋț
— ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȘȈȕȈ dzȍȟȐȓȐ ȓȍȟȐȓȐ Ȉ Ȋșȍ ȕȍ ȏȈ-
ȓȍȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Dz șȔȍȘȚȐ ȥȚȖ
ȇ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȑ ȕȖȋȍ ș ȌȘȧȉȓȖȑ ȒȖȎȍȑ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȧȏ-
Ȋț ș ȗȖșȐȕȍȊȠȐȔȐ ȖȔȍȘȚȊȍȊȠȐȔȐ țȎȍ ȒȘȈȧȔȐ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ
ȖȗțȝȖȓȤȦ ȊȖȒȘțȋ
— ǪȣȗȐșȈȓȐ Ȑȏ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞȣ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȉȍȋȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȝȐȚȘȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ — ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȍȓȈȍȠȤ ǵȍ
ȝȖȚȧȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ǵț Ȑ ȊȣȗȐșȈȓșȧ Ǩ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȕȍ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ
ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ ǪȖȚ, Ȋ ȚȘȈȒȚȐȘȍ ș ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔ șȐȌȍȓ Ȑ ȚȈȔ ȕȈȗȐ-
șȈȓ șȚȈȚȤȦ ȗȖȌ ȈȊȈȕș
— ǪȍȌȤ Ȋȣ Ȏȍ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒ ȧ ȊȐȎț" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ — ǷȖ-
ȟȍȔț Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚȍșȤ Ȓ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȒȈȚȖȓȐȟȍșȒȐȔ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐ-
ȒȈȔ" ǶȕȐ ȗȖȔȖȋțȚ ȊȈȔ ǭșȓȐ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȧ ȕȈȗȐȠț ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȖȕȐ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȕȈȦȚ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȈȎțȚ ȊȈȔ
— ǵȍȚ ǵȍȚ — șȔȍȠȕȖ ȒȘȐȊȓȧȧșȤ ȏȈȔȈȝȈȓ ȘțȒȈȔȐ șȚȈ-
ȘȐȒ — ȇ ȓȐȠȍȕ șȈȕȈ ȇ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȝȖȟț ȉȣȚȤ ȔȈȘȐȈȊȐȚȖȔ ȇ
ȊȍȌȤ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒ ǷȓȐșȒȍȊȐȟ Ǫȣ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ"
ȇ ȗȘȖȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȧ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȈ
— ǷȓȐșȒȍȊȐȟ — ȏȈȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ
Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȒȓȖȕȐȓȖ ȒȖ șȕț — ȥȚȖ ȊȖȗȓȖȡȍȕȐȍ ȘȈȏȊȘȈȚȈ Ȑ Ȋșȧ-
ȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȖȘȖȒȖȊ Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȍȚ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ ȎȍȕșȒțȦ ȓȦ-
ȉȖȊȤ Ǩ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȌȖȏȊȖȓȧȍȚșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȌȍȓ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȊȖȚ ȥȚȖ ȖȌȍȧ-
ȕȐȍ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȌȍȘȕțȓ șȍȉȧ ȏȈ ȗȍȓȍȘȐȕȒț Șȧșȣ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȒȊȍȘȝț
ȗȈȓȍȞ
— ǷȓȐșȒȍȊȐȟ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȉȖȋȖșȓȖȊșȒȐȍ ȚȘțȌȣ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȝ ȗȘȈȊȍȌ-
ȕȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȔȣșȓȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȧ
ȌȖȉȘȖȋȖ ȔțȌȘȍȞȈ ǨȕȈȒȘȍȖȕȈ ǪȍȘȋȐȓȐȧ Ȑ ǫȖȘȈȞȐȧ
Ƕ Venus, regina Cnidi Paphique,
Sperne dilectam Cypron et vocantis,

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Ture te multo Glycerae decorum
Transfer in aedem...
— ȗȘȖȌȍȒȓȈȔȐȘȖȊȈȓ Ȗȕ ȘȈȏȊȖȌȧ ȚȘȧșțȡȐȔȐșȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȏȈ-
ȒȈȚȣȊȈȧ șȊȖȐ ȒȘțȋȓȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ
— ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȚȖȎȍ ȊȖșȗȘȍȡȈȍȚșȧ ǷȖȑȔȐȚȍ Ȋȣ ȥȚȖ! —
rȘȐȒȕțȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ Ȑ ș șȐȓȖȑ țȌȈȘȐȓ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȤ ȒțȓȈȒȖȔ
— DzȈȒ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȎȐȊȍȚȍ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
— ǮȐȊț ȎȐȊț ȊșȍȔ ȕȈȏȓȖ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȟȚȖ
ǨȓȍȒșȍȑ șȕȖȊȈ Ȋȣȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȑȏ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ — Ǫșȍ ȌțȔȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȗȤȧ-
ȕȣȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȏȈȔȍȘȏȕȍȚ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖȌ ȏȈȉȖȘȖȔ ȐȓȐ ș ȋȖȓȖȌț
ȗȘȖȗȈȌȍȚ Ȉ Ȗȕ Ȋșȍ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȌȈ ȎȐȊȍȚ ǹȒȘȐȗȐȚ ȏȈȎȐȊȖ ȋȕȐȍȚ
Ȉ ȎȐȊȍȚ ǬȈ ȟȚȖ ȎȐȊȍȚ Ƕȕ ȌȈȎȍ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȓȦȉȐȚȤ
ȔȖȎȍȚ ǯȈ ȥȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋșȍ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȧȚ ǯȈȊȐȌțȦȚ — ȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ țȊȍ-
Șȍȕ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑȏ ȗȍȘȍȌ-
ȕȍȑ ș ȠțȔȖȔ ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ Ȋ șȊȖȑ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȘȍȌȈȒ-
ȚȖȘ Ȋ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ ȌȊțȝ ȌȈȔ ǹȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȚȘȍ-
ȊȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓ ȕȈ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȠțȦșȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȈ ȘȍȌȈȒ-
ȚȖȘȈ Ƕȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ Ȑ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓșȧ
— Ǩ ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȌȈșȚ Ȕȕȍ ȈȊȈȕșȈ — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ ȏȈȐșȒȐ-
ȊȈȦȡȍ ȋȓȧȌȧ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ, — Ȋȣ ȌȈȌȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȘțȉȓȤ ȌȖ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ"
— ǬȈȔ — țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ ȧ
— ȇ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȏȕȈȓ — Ƞȍȗȕțȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ — ǵȖ ȧ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȕȍ ȖȚ-
ȌȈȔ
— ǵȍ ȕȈȌȖ
— ǹȗȈșȐȉȖ
ǰ Ȗȕ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓ țșȚȈȊȐȊȠȐșȤ ȒȘțȋȓȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȓȣȠȈȓșȧ șțȝȖȑ ȖȚȘȣȊȐșȚȣȑ șȔȍȝ ȘȍȌȈȒȚȖȘȈ Ȑ
ȋȘȖȔȒȐȍ ȊȖȏȋȓȈșȣ ȌȈȔ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȋ ȔȖȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȊȖȠȍȓ Șȍ-
ȌȈȒȚȖȘ ǯȈȔȍȚȐȊ ǷȓȐșȒȍȊȐȟȈ Ȗȕ ȕȈȝȔțȘȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȗȘȖ-
Țȧȕțȓ ȍȔț ȘțȒț
ǺȖȚ ȕȐȏȒȖ ȘȈȉȖȓȍȗȕȖ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȌȈȊȈȧ ȍȔț ȚȘȐ ȓȐ-
șȚȈ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȑ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȐșȗȐșȈȕȕȖȑ ȕȍȘȖȊȕȣȔ ȘȈȏȔȈȠȐșȚȣȔ
ȗȖȟȍȘȒȖȔ ȏȈȐșȒȐȊȈȦȡȐȔ ȚȖȕȖȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș
— ǹȚȈȚȤȧ Ȗ ȝȓȣșȚȈȝ ǴȕȖȋȖ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȌȈȕȕȣȝ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȘȍȌȈȒȚȖȘ — ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ ȊȈș ȇ ȗȘȖ-
ȟȐȚȈȦ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ

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ǰ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧșȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȗȕ șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ ȕȖȊȖșȚȧȝ
Ȍȕȧ Ȑ șȖȉȐȘȈȓșȧ țȎȍ țȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȕȖ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓ
ǷȓȐșȒȍȊȐȟ
— Ǵȕȍ ȉȣ Ȋ șȟȍȚ ȋȖȕȖȘȈȘȈ ȝȖȚȤ ȗȧȚȤ Șțȉȓȍȑ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ —
ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ Ȗȕ
— ǵȍ ȔȖȋț —ȒȈșșȈ ȏȈȗȍȘȚȈ — ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȕȈ ȝȖȌț ȘȍȌȈȒȚȖȘ
— ȇ Ȑȏ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞȣ ȊȣȠȍȓ ǭșȚȤ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ țȎȍ șȗȖ-
ȒȖȑȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ǷȓȐșȒȍȊȐȟ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȧ șȊȖȐ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȉțȌț ȌȈȊȈȚȤ" — ȖȚȘȍȏȈȓ ȘȍȌȈȒ-
ȚȖȘ Ȑ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ șȔȍȧșȤ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǷȘȖȗȈȓ ȊȈȠ ȘțȉȓȤ Ƕȕ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȎȐȊȣȔ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȍȚ
— ȌȖȉȈȊȐȓ ǷȓȐșȒȍȊȐȟ ȒȐȊȈȧ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȌȊȍȘȐ — ǭȋȖ șȗȍ-
ȞȐȈȓȤȕȖșȚȤ — ȝȖȘȖȕȐȚȤ Ƕȕ ȓȦȉȐȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ ǵȖ
șȒȖȘȖ Ȗȕ Ȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȓȦȉȐȚ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖȑ ȘȖȓȐ
— ǵț ȥȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ, — ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ ȧ ȗȖȎȈȓȍȊ șȚȈȘȐ-
ȒȈ
— ǶȟȍȕȤ ȌȈȎȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ — ȏȈȠȍȗȚȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȊ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȓ ȒȘȈȑ Șȧșȣ Ȑ ș ȓțȒȈȊȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȉȓȍȌ-
ȕțȦ ȕȖȋț ș ȟȍȘȕȍȦȡȍȑ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ ȧȏȊȖȑ
— DzȈȒ ȊȈȔ ȕȍ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ"— țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ȧ
— ǷȘȐȊȣȟȒȈ — ȖȚȘȍȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȇ ȗȍȘȍȕȖȠț ȓȍȋȒȖ Ȋșȍ ȓȐ-
ȠȍȕȐȧ, ȏȈ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ Ǵȕȍ ȔȈȓȖ ȕȈȌȖ
Ȍȓȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȖȕȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȍșȚȤ ȇ ȗȖȔȕȦ ȅȗȐ-
ȒțȘȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȍ ©ǹȈȋȘȍ diem!» ǵȖ, ȒȘȖȔȍ Șȧșȣ — ț Ȕȍȕȧ
ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ ȍȡȍ ȒȘȍȗȒȖȍ ȗȖȘȣȎȍȊȠȍȍ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȑ ȗȖȝȊȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ ȉȍȘȍȎȓȐȊȖșȚȐ ȔȖȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ȇ ȍȋȖ
ȗȖȊȍșȐȓ Ȋ ȗȘȐȝȖȎȍȑ ȗȖȌ șȈȔȣȔ ȕȖșȖȔ șȗȧȡȍȋȖ șȚȖȘȖȎȈ
DzȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȖȚ ȘȍȌȈȒȚȖȘȈ Ȑ ȗȖșȚțȟȈȓ Ȋ ȔȖȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ
— ǴȖȎȕȖ ȊȖȑȚȐ"—ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȎȍȕșȒȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș
— ǷȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ Ȑ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒȈ
Ƕȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȕȈ șȍȉȍ Șȧșț Ȑ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȘȐ-
ȋȓȈȎȐȊȈȚȤ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȍ ȡȍȚȐȕȐșȚȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ
ǪȖȠȓȈ șȘȍȌȕȐȝ ȓȍȚ ȌȈȔȈ Ȋ șȐȕȍȑ ȉȈȘȝȈȚȕȖȑ ȒȖȜȚȖȟȒȍ Ȑ
Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȔȍȝȖȊȖȑ Ƞȓȧȗȍ ș ȋȖȓțȉȖȑ ȗȚȐȞȍȑ ǭȍ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ ȋțȉȣ
ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȕȈȒȘȈȠȍȕȣ Ȉ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȗȖȌȊȍȌȍȕȣ Ǫ ȘțȒȈȝ
ȖȕȈ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȒȖȘȖȉȒț ȒȖȕȜȍȚ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȧ ȍȍ Ȕȕȍ,
șȒȈȏȈȓȈ

67
— ǪȖȏȤȔȐȚȍ ȒȖȕȜȍȚ ǪȈȔ șȒțȟȕȖ
— ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț, — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȧ
— ǪȖȏȤȔȐȚȍ — ȒȈȗȘȐȏȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓȈ ȌȈȔȈ Ȑ
ȚȖȗȕțȓȈ ȕȖȋȖȑ — ȅȚȖ ȕȍȓȦȉȍȏȕȖ
ȇ Ȋȏȧȓ ȒȖȕȜȍȚț Ȑ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ǬȈȔȈ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ Ȋ
ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ȏȈȏȊțȟȈȓ ȍȍ ȜȈȓȤȠȐȊȣȑ ȗȘȍțȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȕȖ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȑ
șȔȍȝ
— DzȈȒȈȧ șȔȍȠȕȈȧ — ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș șȚȈȘȐȒ — DzȚȖ ȥȚȖ"
— ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ, — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȧ — ǹțȌȧ ȗȖ ȕȈȘțȎȕȖșȚȐ ȈȘȚȐșȚ-
ȒȈ
— ȅȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȋȕȍ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ǴȕȖȋȖ ȋȘȐȔȈ
șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȋȘȐȔȈ ǵȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȌȐȒȈȧ
— ǶȌȕȈȒȖ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȧ. — Ǫȣ țȎȍ țșȗȍȓȐ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ"
— Ǵȕȍ ȕȍȚȘțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȥȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ — ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ șȍ-
ȘȤȍȏȕȣȔ ȚȖȕȖȔ — ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȍșȚȤ ȔȍȘȈ Ȍȓȧ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ Ȏȍȕ-
șȒȖȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ ȇ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȦ șȈȔȖȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȖȑ Ȋ
ȔȐȘȍ
Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȥȚȖ ș ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȦȡȍ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ
Ȕȍȕȧ ǷȖ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞț ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ Țȍȗȓȣȍ ȓȈșȒȖȊȣȍ Țȍ-
ȕȐ Ȉ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȊșȗȣȝȕțȓȐ ȧȘȒȐȍ ȖȋȖȕȤȒȐ
— ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ Ȗȕ ȊȌȘțȋ șȎȐȔȈȧ
ȘțȒȐ
— ǬȈȑȚȍ ȘțȉȓȤ — șȗȖȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ — ȧ ȗȖȍȌț ǵȍȚ ȌȈȑȚȍ
Ȕȕȍ ȓțȟȠȍ ȗȧȚȤ Șțȉȓȍȑ ǻșȗȖȒȖȑȚȍ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ
— DzțȌȈ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȗȖȍȌȍȚȍ" ǪȈȔ ȕȈȌȖ ȌȖȔȖȑ
— ȇ Ȑ ȗȖȍȌț ȌȖȔȖȑ ȇ ȎȐȓ ȌȊȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȋ dzȐ-
ȋȖȊȍ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ. — ǰ ȚȈȔ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ
Ƕȕ ȊșȚȈȓ ȗȖȌȊȐȕțȓ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ șȚțȓ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȠȍȗȚȈȚȤ ȕȈ țȝȖ:
— ȇ ȉȖȦșȤ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȚȤ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȉȍȏ Ȍȍȕȍȋ Ǩ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȌ-
ȕȈ Ȑ ț ȕȍȍ ȕȍȚ ȒȘȖȊȈ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ" DzȈȒ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕț ȧ ȍȑ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ"
ȇ ȗȖȊȍȠțșȤ
Ƕȕ ȏȈșȚȖȕȈȓ Ȑ ȖȉȍȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ șȎȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț
— ȇ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȚȈȔ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞȍ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ Ȑ ȔțȟȐȓ-
șȧ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ ǶȚ ȥȚȖȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȐ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ Ȑ ȘȈȕȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȎȐȓȈ
— ȠȍȗȚȈȓ Ȗȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ-ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȑ ȌȣȠȈȓ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȔ,
șȊȐșȚȧȡȐȔ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍȔ
— ǬȈȑȚȍ ȗȧȚȤ Șțȉȓȍȑ — țȔȖȓȧȦȡȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ
Ȗȕ. — ǬȈȑȚȍ ȇ ȍȍ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȕȈȒȖȘȔȓȦ ȗȖȉȈȓțȦ Ȑ ȉțȌț șȟȈșȚ-

ȓȐȊ ǽȖȘȖȠȖ" Ǫȣ ȌȈȌȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȗȧȚȤ Șțȉȓȍȑ Ȉ ȧ ȖȚȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ
ȊȈș ȏȈ ȥȚȖ ǻȊȐȌȐȚȍ — ȖȚȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ
— DzȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ ș țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȈȉȓȦ-
ȌȈȧ ȏȈ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍȔ ǷȓȐșȒȍȊȐȟȈ
— ȇ ȗȖȒȈȎț ȊȈȔ șȊȖȦ ǴȈȘȐȕț Ȑ Ȋȣ ȕȈ ȊșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȉț-
ȌȍȚȍ ȏȈșȚȘȈȝȖȊȈȕȣ ȖȚ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȓȦȉȐȚȍ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ
ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȊȈȔȐ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȧȘȒȖ ȗȣȓȈȚȤ ȎțȚȒȈȧ ȕȍ-
ȏȍȔȕȈȧ ȒȘȈșȖȚȈ ǴȈȘȐȕȣ ǷȖȍȌȍȔ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ șȍȑȟȈș șȐȦ ȔȐ-
ȕțȚț
Ǫ ȌȘȍȉȍȏȎȈȡȍȔ ȋȖȓȖșȍ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ șȓȣȠȈȓȈșȤ șȚȘȈșȚȕȈȧ ȔȖ-
ȓȤȉȈ ȇ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ dzȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ ȐȏȉȖȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȖȍ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐ-
ȔȐ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȈȔȐ ȌȍȘȋȈȓȖșȤ ȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȋțȉȣ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȓȐ
Ȉ Ȋ ȒȘțȋȓȣȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȋȖȘȍȓ ȕȍȌȖȉȘȣȑ ȝȐȡȕȣȑ ȖȋȖȕȤ
ǷȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȏȈȔȈȕȟȐȊȣȔ
«ǷȖȟȍȔț ȉȣ Ȕȕȍ — ȌțȔȈȓ ȧ — ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȓȦ-
ȉȧȡȍȔț ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȍ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ș ȥȚȐȔ
ȉȍȏțȔȞȍȔ ȐȓȐ ȗȤȧȕȐȞȍȑ Ȋ dzȐȋȖȊȖ ȋȌȍ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ǴȈ-
ȘȐȕȈ"» ǵȈȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȍȕȤȍ Ȑ ȧ ȕȍ ȌȍȎțȘȐȓ Ȋ ȘȍȌȈȒ-
ȞȐȐ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ȇ ȍȌț ș ȊȈȔȐ ȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖșȓȍ
ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȏȌȍșȤ ǿȈșȈ Ȋ ȌȊȈ Ȕȣ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȔșȧ ȇ ȌȖ-
Ȋȍȏț ȊȈș Ȑ ȊȘțȟț ȊȈȔ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȚȈȔ Ȋ dzȐȋȖȊȍ
— ǷȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ — ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȓșȧ șȚȈȘȐȒ — Ǫȣ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȌȖȊȍȏȍȚȍ ȌȖ ȌȖȔȈ Ȑ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȖȚȣșȒȈȚȤ ǴȈȘȐȕț ȍșȓȐ ȖȕȈ
țȠȓȈ
— ǶȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȑȚȍșȤ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋ ȏȈȌȕȦȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ǺȈȔ ȍșȚȤ Ȓț-
ȠȍȚȒȈ Ȑ Ȋȣ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȖȚȌȖȝȕțȚȤ ȇ ȊȈș ȘȈȏȉțȎț
— Ǩ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȖȉȔȈȕȍȚȍ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ
ȚȘțșȓȐȊȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȏȈȏȔȍȐȓȈșȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȕȍȉȘȐȚȣȝ ȋțȉ — ǬȈȑȚȍ
ȓțȟȠȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ șȍȑȟȈș Ȑ ȌȍȘȎȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȓȖȎȕȐȒȖȔ
— ǵȍ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ, ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ǩȍȘȐȚȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȊȤȚȍ
Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȗȖȒȖȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȊ ȊȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȝ șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȒȖȊ
— ǵȍȚ ǵȍȚ — ȏȈȚȖȘȖȗȐȓșȧ șȚȈȘȐȒ — ȇ ȐȌț șȗȈȚȤ Ȑ ȉțȌț
ȊȈș ȎȌȈȚȤ ȇ ȊȍȘȦ ȊȍȘȦ ȊȈȔ
Ƕȕ țȠȍȓ Ȋ ȏȈȌȕȦȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȊȖȓȖȟȈ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȊȏȌȣ-
ȝȈȧ
_____

69
II
Ǵȍȕȧ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ ȏȈȉȈȊȓȧȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ǷȘȖȟȐ-
ȚȣȊȈȧ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȐ șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕȣȍ ȉȦȓȓȍȚȍȕȐ ȧ
ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȔ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒȍ ȓȐȠȍȕ-
ȕȖȔ șȈȕȈ Ȑ șȉȐȊȠȍȔșȧ ș ȒȘțȋȈ
Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȖȓȋȐȔ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȟȈș ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȖȎȐ-
ȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ Ȑ ȊȍșȍȓȖȑ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ-
șȧ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȕȖȟȕȣȍ ȕȖȊȖșȚȐ
ǬȊȖȍ șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȒȖȊ ȌȈȦȡȐȝ ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒțȦ ȝȘȖȕȐȒț ȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȚȍȠȈȓȐ țȎȍ Ȕȍȕȧ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȝȖȚȧ ȖȕȐ șȚȖȧ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȧȝ ȔȖȍȑ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȊȍȓȐ ȖȉȣȟȕțȦ șȚȣȟȒț.
— ǹțȝȖȊ-ȚȖ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȒȈȒțȦ țȚȒț ȗțșȚȐȓ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȖȉȘȈ-
ȡȈȧșȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȘȣȎȍȊȈȚȣȑ ȦȕȖȠȈ Ȋ ȡȍȋȖȓȤșȒȖȔ șȦȘȚțȒȍ —
Ƕȕ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ ȟȚȖ țȉȐȚȈȧ ǮțȟȒȖȊȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȊȍȚȓȈȧ ȉȓȖȕȌȐȕȒȈ
ȓȍȚ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȌȊțȝ ș ȊȐȌț ȐȕȚȍȓȓȐȋȍȕȚȒȈ Ȉ ț ȕȍȑ ȧ ȍȍ șȈȔ
ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȞȒȖȑ
 ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ Ȑ Ȓ ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ ȖȕȈ ȗȖ-
ȎȐȓȈȧ Ȑ ȖȌȍȚȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȍȌȕȖ
— Ǩ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȞȒȖȑ ȖȕȈ ȓȍȎȐȚ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȓțȒȈ-
ȊȖ ȡțȘȧ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǹțȝȖȊ. — ǭșȓȐ ȧ ȗțșȚȐȓ țȚ-
Ȓț ȚȖ Ȋȣ ȗțșȒȈȍȚȍ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ Ȟȍȓȣȝ ȓȍȉȍȌȍȑ DzȚȖ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ
ȋ ǩȍȓȖȊ Ȗ ȗȖȝȐȡȍȕȐȐ ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒȈ ț ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȒȖȔȐșșȐȖȕȍ-
ȘȖȊ ǯțșȤȔȈȕȈ Ȑ ǯțȕȌȍȓȍȊȐȟȈ" ȅȚȈȒ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȗȖ Țȣșȧȟȍ șȚȘȖȒ
Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȈȚȈȚȤ — ǰ ǹțȝȖȊ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ ȗȘȍȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ șȔȍ-
ȝȖȔ
— ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊȐȟ ǭȑ-ǩȖȋț ȚȈȒȖȑ șȓțȟȈȑ ȉȣȓ ȕȈ
ǵȐȒȖȓȈȍȊșȒȖȑ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ǩȍȓȖȊ ȗȖȌ-
ȉȍȋȈȧ Ȓ ȔȖȍȔț șȚȖȓț
— Ƕȕ ȌȈȎȍ ȥȚȖȚ ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒ ȊȐȌȍȓ — șȢȧȏȊȐȓ ǹțȝȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȗȘȐȝȖȎȍȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș— ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȟȍȘȚ
ȐȌȍȚ
ǪȖȠȍȓ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȝțȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș șțȝȐȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȔ ȉȍȋȈȓȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǺȖȕȒȐȑ ȋȖȘȉȈȚȣȑ ȕȖș
țȏȒȈȧ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ Ȑ ȐșȒȘȐȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȏȓȖȉȕțȦ șȈȘȒȈșȚȐ-
ȟȍșȒțȦ țȓȣȉȒț ȋțȉȣ ȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȔ ȕȈ ǴȍȜȐșȚȖȜȍȓȧ
Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȧ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȊȏȧȊ șȖ
șȚȖȓȈ ȓȐșȚ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȍȓȧ șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȒȖȊ

70
— Ǫȣ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȐ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȀȖȘȐȕ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
— ǵȍȟȚȖ ȐȔȍȦȡȍȍ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȣȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍș — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ
ȊȒȘȈȌȟȐȊȣȔ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȉȈșȖȔ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȖșȧșȤ
ȕȈ ǹțȝȖȊȈ Ȑ ǩȍȓȖȊȈ
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ — ș ȗȘȐȚȊȖȘȕȖȑ ȕȍȉȘȍȎ-
ȕȖșȚȤȦ ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓȐșȤ ȖȕȐ
— Ǫ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȗȈȓȍșȚȐȕȈȝ" — ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ ȀȖȘȐȕ Ȑ ș Ȋȣȏȣ-
ȊȈȦȡȐȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȊȣșȚȈȊȐȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ șȊȖȑ ȋȖȘȉȈȚȣȑ ȕȖș — ǵȖ
ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋ ȊȍȓȐȒ Ȉ ȧ ȗȖȊșȦȌț ȘȣșȒȈȦ ȇ — șȚȈȘȣȑ ȘȍȗȖȘ-
ȚȍȘǶȕ ș ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȤȦ ȚȒȕțȓ șȍȉȧ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȤ Ȑ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓ-
șȧ
— ǵȖ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ" — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȐȕȍșȍȕȕȣȍ
ȊȈȔȐ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ țȎȍ ȐȔȍȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȐ"
— ȇ ȗȘȐȕȍș ȕȍȟȚȖ ȒȈȒ țȎȍ ȌȖȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓ ȊȈȔ ȐȔȍȦȡȍȍ
ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȣȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍș Ȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ țȗțȡȍȕȕȖȍ Ȑȏ ȊȐȌț
ȔȖȐȔȐ ȒȖȓȓȍȋȈȔȐ — ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș Ȗȕ ȧȏȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ Ȑ
țȌȈȓȐȓșȧ ȕȍșȓȣȠȕȖȑ ȒȘȈȌțȡȍȑșȧ ȗȖȝȖȌȒȖȑ
— ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋȣ ȕȈȗȐȠȍȚȍ" — ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȧ ȍȔț ȊȌȖȋȖȕȒț — ǻ
ȕȈș șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȋ ȋȈȏȍȚȍ ȚȍșȕȖ Ȉ Ȋȣ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚȍ
— ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȎȍȚȍ — ȖȚȒȓȐȒȕțȓșȧ Ȗȕ țȎȍ Ȑȏ șȖșȍȌ-
ȕȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ — ǴȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ȖȗȐșȈȚȤ Ȋ ȗȧȚȐșȚȈȝ
șȚȘȖȒȈȝ ȔȖȎȕȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȖȓțȚȖȘȈșȚȈ ȊȖȋȕȈȚȤ
— ǬȈȑȚȍ șȚȖ — ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ ȧ ȏȕȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȓ ȔȕȖȋȖ-
șȓȖȊȐȦ
— ǹȓțȠȈȦșȤ — ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȏȈșȒȘȐȗȍȓ ȗȍ-
ȘȖȔǿȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ Ȗȕ ȊȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ȔȖȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȑ ȕȐȏ-
ȒȖ șȖȋȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȉȍȘȍȎȕȖ ȕȍș Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȚȘȐ țȏȒȐȝ ȗȖȓȖșȒȐ ȉț-
ȔȈȋȐ
ǷȘȖȝȖȌȧ ȔȐȔȖ ǩȍȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ǹțȝȖȊȈ ȀȖȘȐȕ ȏȓȖȘȈȌȕȖ ȝȐȝȐȒ-
ȕțȓ Ȑ ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ
— ȀȍȘȓȖȒȐ
ǷȖȌȖȑȌȧ Ȓ șȚȖȓț Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ Ȕȕȍ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȤ Ȑ ȋȓțȝȐȔ
ȏȓȖȊȍȡȐȔ ȉȈșȖȔ ȚȐȝȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș
— ǹȊȍȎȍȕȤȒȖȍ-ș DzȘȖȊȤȦ ȗȈȝȕȍȚ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȏȈȒțȘȐȓ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșț ȖȉȍȘȕțȓ ȠȍȦ ȚȍȔȕȣȔ
ȠȈȘȜȖȔ Ȑ ȕȈȌȍȊ ȗȖȚȍȘȚțȦ ȒȈȘȈȒțȓȍȊțȦ ȠȈȗȒț șȒȈȏȈȓ, ȗȖ-

71
ȌȈȊȈȧ Ȕȕȍ ȘțȒț
—ǬȖȉȘȖȋȖ țȚȘȈ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊȐȟ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ țȠȍȓ ȖȉȈ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ șȚȖȓț Ȑ Ȓ șȊȖȍ-
Ȕț ȖȋȖȘȟȍȕȐȦ țȉȍȌȐȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖ «șȚȈȘȣȑ ȟȍȘȚ» ȗȘȐȕȍș ȌȍȑșȚ-
ȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖȍ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ Ȑȏ ȝȘȖȕȐȒȐ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȖȑ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȈ.
— Ƕȕ ȏȈ ȚȘȐ ȟȈșȈ ȌȖ țȉȐȑșȚȊȈ ȏȕȈȍȚ Ȗ ȕȍȔ — ȗȘȖȊȖȘȟȈȓ
ș ȏȈȊȐșȚȤȦ ǩȍȓȖȊ Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȏȈȓȐȓșȧ ȚȖȕȒȐȔ ȉȓȍȦȡȐȔ
șȔȍȝȖȔ ȘȈȌțȧșȤ șȊȖȍȑ ȖșȚȘȖȚȍ
ǹțȝȖȊ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȍȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȚȖȗȣȘȐȊȈȓ ȋțȉȣ Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ
III
ǩȣȓ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȟȈș ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȓ ǷȓȐșȒȍȊȐȟȈ Ƕȕ ȋȘȖȔ-
ȒȖ ȏȍȊȈȧ Ȑ ȖȝȈȧ șȗȖȓȏ ș ȒțȠȍȚȒȐ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȘȈșȚȐȘȈȚȤ ȏȈȚȍȒ-
ȠȐȍ ȕȖȋȐ
— ǭȌȍȔ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ
Ƕȕ șȘȈȏț ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȖȎȐȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȠȈȚȣȊȈȧșȤ ȚȖ-
ȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȦȦ
ǶȌȍȊȠȐșȤ Ȕȣ ȊȣȠȓȐ ȕȈ țȓȐȞț ǩȣȓȖ ȚȍȔȕȖ Ȑ ȔȖȘȖȏȕȖ
ǬȖȉȘȈȊȠȐșȤ ȌȖ ȊȖȒȏȈȓȈ Ȕȣ ȍȌȊȈ ȗȖșȗȍȓȐ Ȓ ȒȈȒȖȔț-ȚȖ ȚȖȊȈ-
ȘȖ-ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘșȒȖȔț ȗȖȍȏȌț ȉȐȚȒȖȔ ȕȈȉȐȚȖȔț ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȡȍȑ-
șȧ ȕȈ ȓȐȕȐȦ ȈȘȚȍȓȤȦ ȔȍȚȍȓȤȡȐȒȖȊ
ǷȘȐȍȝȈȊ Ȋ dzȐȋȖȊȖ Ȑ ȊȣȑȌȧ ș ȊȖȒȏȈȓȈ ȧ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȏȈ șȊȧ-
ȡȍȕȕȐȒȖȔ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȠȈȋȈȊȠȐȔ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ
Ƕȕ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ Ȑ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓșȧ ș ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȖȑ ȊșȒȐȌȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȘțȋȓȣȍ ȏȓȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ
— ǷȖȟȍȔț Ȋȣ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȕȍ ȎȐȊȍȚȍ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ șȒȖȓȤȏȧ
ȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȠȈȋț Ȑ ȝȊȈȚȈȧșȤ ȏȈ ȌȖȡȈȚȣȑ ȏȈȉȖȘ ȚȧȕțȡȐȑșȧ
ȊȌȖȓȤ ȍȓȍ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȖȑ țȓȐȞȣ
— Ǩ ȝȐȚȘȣȑ — ȚȐȝȖ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ ǷȓȐșȒȍȊȐȟ — Ǭȓȧ ȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ țȊȍȓ ȍȍ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ" ǵȍȚ ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ
Ƕȕ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȊȠȐșȤ șȔȍȓȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȖȓȖ-
Ȋț Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȎȌȈȓ ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȧ
Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȝȖȎ Ȋ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț ȕȈ ȝȐȡȕțȦ ȗȚȐȞț
ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȊȠțȦșȧ Ȓ ȉȖȦ

72
ȇ ȗȘȖȔȖȓȟȈȓ Ƕȕ Ȏȍ ȚȖȗȕțȓ ȕȖȋȖȑ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȇ ȍȍ ȕȈȠȍȓ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȚȈȒțȦ ȗȘȍ-
ȒȘȈșȕțȦ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȔȖȏȋț ȖȕȈ
ȎȐȓȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȇ ȍȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȉȍșșȖȕȕȣȍ ȕȖȟȐ Ȑ Ȋ șțȍȚȓȐȊȣȍ
ȚȘțȌȖȊȣȍ ȌȕȐ ǰ ȧ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍȟȚȈȓ Ȗ ȕȍȑ ȕȖ ȧ ȍȍ ȐșȒȈȓ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤȎȍȧȌȓȧȕȍȍ—Ȋșȍ, —ȐȘȈȉ,ȐȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȐȌȓȧȕȍȍȧ
țȉȤȦ ȖȋȘȈȉȓȦ ȖȉȔȈȕț ȉțȌț ȚȖȘȋȖȊȈȚȤ șȓȖȊȖȔ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȐȧ-
ȔȐ ȊȍȘȖȑ — ȊșȍȔ ȊșȍȔ ȕȖ ȍȍ ȕȍ ȖȚȌȈȔ ȕȐȒȖȔț
ȇ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ Ǵȣ ȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
ǩȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȈȧ ȗȘȧȔȈȧ ȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ țȓȐȞȈ ȊȣȊȍȓȈ ȕȈș Ȋ ȗȖȓȍ,
Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȓȐșȤ șȚȖȧȡȐȍ ȗȖȖȌȈȓȤ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȣȍ ȏȈȒȖȓȖȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȈȟȐ ǶȚȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȌȖȕȖșȐȓȖșȤ ȚȖȕȒȖȍ ȎȈ-
ȓȖȉȕȖȍ ȚȧȊȒȈȕȤȍ șȖȉȈȒȐ Ȑ ȗȍȕȐȍ ȗȍȚțȝȖȊ ȟțȦȡȐȝ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȑ
ȘȈșșȊȍȚ.
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȋșȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȍȍ Ȑ ȔȘȈȟȕȍȍ
— ǬȈȑȚȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ — ȧ ȊȈș ȌȖ ȊȖȒȏȈȓȈ ȗȘȖȊȖȎț — ȗȘȍȌȓȖ-
ȎȐȓ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȋȓȧȌȧ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ — ǿȍȋȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖȋȖ" DzȘȈșȐ-
ȊȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȕȖ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȈȧ șȖȊșȍȔ ȉȖȓȤȕȈȧ ǷȖȑȌȍȔȚȍ
ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȉ ȧ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȖȌȐȕ ȊȍȘȕțșȤ
— ǵȍȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ
— ǵț ȒȈȒ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ — ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȌȖșȈȌȓȐȊȖ ȔȈȝȕțȊ
ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓ ȠȈȋț
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȕȣ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȕȐȏȒȐȑ ȖȌȕȖȥȚȈȎȕȣȑ ȌȖȔ Ȋ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȔ șȊȍȚȐȓȖșȤ ȖȒȕȖ
— ǯȌȍșȤ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ — ȅȚȖ ț ȕȍȍ șȊȍȚ
Ƕȕ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȖșȚțȟȈȓ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ DzȚȖ-ȚȖ ȏȈȊȖȏȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ
ǹȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȠȈȘȒȈȦȡȐȍ ȠȈȋȐ ȠȓȍȗȈȕȤȍ ȚțȜȍȓȤ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȏȈȎȍȋ șȊȍȟț ȐȓȐ ȓȈȔȗț Ȑ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȈȒ
ȗȖ ȗȖȚȖȓȒț ȏȈȔȍȚȈȓȈșȤ ȟȤȧ-ȚȖ ȚȍȕȤ Ȑ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ
— DzȚȖ ȚȈȔ" — ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȣȑ șȚȈȘȟȍșȒȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș
— ȅȚȖ ȧ — ȗțșȚȐ — ȋȘțȉȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒ.
ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ șȔȖȘȡȍȕȕȈȧ șȚȈȘțȠȖȕȒȈ ș ȚȈȒȐȔȐ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ ț
ǷȓȐșȒȍȊȐȟȈ ȒȘțȋȓȣȔȐ ȗȚȐȟȤȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȊȗțșȚȐȓȈ ȕȈș Ȋ
ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ șȍȕȐ
ǯȈȔȍȚȐȊ ȟțȎȖȋȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȌȎȈȓȈ ȋțȉȣ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȈ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
Ǵȣ ȊȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȒțȝȕȦ ȋȌȍ ȕȈ ȖșȚȣȊȠȍȑ ȗȓȐȚȍ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȏȈ-
șȈȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȚȦȜȧȒ Ȑ ȊȖȘȖȝ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȝ ȓȖȝȔȖȚȤȍȊ

73
— ǹȗȐȚ" — ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ șȗȘȖșȐȓ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒ
— ǵȍȚ — ȏȈȉȘȦȏȎȈȓȈ șȚȈȘțȝȈ — Ǫșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȗȈȓȈ
Ƕȕ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓ Ȋȏȧȓ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ ȖȋȈȘȖȒ Ȑ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț
Ǵȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȖȗȈȓ Ȋ ȓȈȊȒț șȚȈȘȤȍȊȡȐȒȈ
ǷȖȓȖȔȈȕȕȣȍ ȒȘȍșȓȈ ș ȊȣȓȍȏȠȍȑ ȔȖȟȈȓȖȑ ȒȖȓȟȍȕȖȋȐȑ
ȌȐȊȈȕ ș ȗȘȖȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔ șȐȌȍȕȤȍȔ Ȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȔȐ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍ-
ȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ ȗȖȌțȠȒȈȔȐ ȌȊȈ ȠȒȈȜȈ ȉȍȏ șȚȊȖȘȖȒ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȊȍȘȕțȚȣȍ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ șȚȖȓȣ șȚȈȘȣȍ Ȑȏ ȖȉȓțȗȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ Ȑ
ȗȖȚȍȔȕȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȉȈȋȍȚȈ ȘȈȔȣ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȈȧ ȊȈȏȈ — șȚȖȧȓȐ ȋȌȍ Ȑ
ȒȈȒ ȗȖȗȈȓȖ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ ȓȐȠȤ țȏȒȐȑ ȗȘȖȝȖȌ Ȓ ȌȐȊȈȕț
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȓșȧ șȘȍȌȐ Ȋșȍȑ ȥȚȖȑ ȊȍȚȖȠȐ Ȑ
ȓȖȔȈ ȏȈșȓȖȕȧȧ șȖȉȖȦ ȠȐȘȖȒțȦ ȡȍȓȤ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȓșȧ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȒ șȊȍȚȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȧ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȑ ȖșȚȖȓȉȍȕȍȓ
ǵȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ șȘȍȌȐ ȞȍȓȖȑ ȋȖȘȣ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȐȏȔȧ-
Țȣȝ ȗȖȌțȠȍȒ Ȑ șȉȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ Ȓ șȚȍȕȍ ȖȌȍȧȓȈ șȐȌȍȓȈ ȎȍȕȡȐ-
ȕȈ ȇȘȒȖ-ȒȘȈșȕȖȍ ȉȈȘȝȈȚȕȖȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ șȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȖ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕțȦ șȚȘȖȑȕțȦ ȜȐȋțȘț ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȒȘțȋȓȣȍ ȗȓȍȟȐ Ȑ ȉȍȓȖ-
șȕȍȎȕțȦ ȋȘțȌȤ ǺȖȕȒȈȧ Ƞȍȧ ȋȖȘȌȖ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȈ Ȋ
ȐȏȧȡȕȖȔ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȍ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ
ȏȓȖȊȖȕȕȖȑ ȚȘțȡȖȉȍ, ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȖșȤ ȐȏȊȈȧȕȐȍ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȑ ȉȖ-
ȋȐȕȐ ȊȣȠȍȌȠȍȑ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȘȍȏȞȈ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȔȈșȚȍȘȈ ȚȊȖȘȐȊȠȍ-
ȋȖ ȍȋȖ ș ȗȣȓȒȐȔ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ ȋȖȘȧȡȐȔ ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȒȖȓȍȉȐ-
ȔȖȑ ȊȍȘȖȑ.
ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȕȍ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȈșȤ ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȔțșȒțȓ ȕȍ ȌȘȖȎȈȓ ȕȈ
ȍȍ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȘțȒȈȝ ȏȈȒȐȕțȚȣȝ ȏȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț
ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȚȤ ȋȓȈȏ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȘȖȏ-
ȘȈȟȕȖȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ ș ȚȈȒȐȔ ȕȍȎȕȣȔ ȖȊȈȓȖȔ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȉȣȊȈȦȚ ț ȔȘȈ-
ȔȖȘȕȣȝ șȚȈȚțȑ ȗȖȓțșȒȘȣȚȣȝ Ȋ ȜȐȖȓȍȚȖȊȖȔ șțȔȘȈȒȍ ȕȐȠȐ
ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȕȍȍ ȏȈȋȓȧȕȍȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȓȈșȒȈȦȡȐȑ ȗȘȖȡȈȓȤȕȣȔ
ȗȘȐȊȍȚȖȔ ȓțȟ ȏȈȝȖȌȧȡȍȋȖ șȖȓȕȞȈ
ǩȍșșȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȕȍȋȈșȕțȡȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓȈ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ,
șȊȍȎȐȍ ȋțȉȣ Ȑ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ ȊȓȈȎȕȣȔ ȉȓȍșȒȖȔ ȔȍȘȞȈȓȐ Ȕȍȓ-
ȒȐȍ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȏțȉȣ
ȇ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓ ȊȏȖȘȖȔ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍȟȍȓȖȊȍ-
ȟȍșȒȖȔț ȓȐȞț Ȑ ȌȖȠȍȓ ȌȖ ȋȓȈȏ ǴȈȘȐȕȣ
DzȈȒ ȟȈșȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ Ȗ ȋȖȘȧȡȐȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȅȚȖ ȊȖȠȓȖ Ȋ ȗȘȐ-

74
ȊȣȟȒț Ȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ țȌȐȊȓȧȍȚ ǵȖ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ șȐȌȧȡȍȑ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȉțȠȍȊȈȓ ȖȋȖȕȤ
ǵȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȑ ȕȍțȌȍȘȎȐȔȣȑ ȖȋȖȕȤ
Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȒȈȒ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ
ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȊȠȍȑșȧ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȐ ȊȏȔȍȚȕțȓȖșȤ ȗȓȈȔȧ Ȑ ȉȍ-
ȏțȔȕȖ ȗȓȧȠȍȚ ȖȕȖ ȚȈȔ ȚȖ ȊșȒȐȌȣȊȈȧșȤ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȚȖ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȈȧ Ȑ
ȐșȟȍȏȈȧ ȕȈ ȔȐȋ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȉȣșȚȘȖ-ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑ ȘȈȏȖȋȘȍȚȤșȧ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȍȡȍ ȎȈȘȟȍ ȍȡȍ șȐȓȤ-
ȕȍȍ ȋȖȘȌȖ ȗȖȉȍȌȕȖ ȗȐȘțȧ
ȇ ȌȘȖȎȈȓ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȓșȧ țșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤ
șȍȉȧ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ
DzȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȔȍȓȒȈȧ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȈȧ ȌȘȖȎȤ ȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȗȖ Țȍȓț Ȗș-
ȚȈȊȓȧȧ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȑ ȒȖȓȦȟȐȑ șȓȍȌ
— ǹȔȖȚȘȐ ǹȔȖȚȘȐ — ȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȋȖȓȖșȈ
Ȑ ȗȖȊȐȕțȧșȤ ȐȔ ȧ ȊșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǴȈȘȐȕȣ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȧ ȗȖȕȧȓ ǷȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖȗȓȖȡȍȕȐȍ ȚȖȋȖ
ȟȚȖ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȧȓȖ Ȑ ȔțȟȐȓȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȝ ȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȐȒȖȊ Ȑ șȊȧȚȣȝ
ȖȚȠȍȓȤȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȝ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ ǩȣȓȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖ Ȑȝ
ȉȘȖșȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȒȘȖȊȈȊțȦ șȍȟț ȉȍȏ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȕȈ ȗȖȉȍȌț ȉȘȖșȈȚȤ-
șȧ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȍ ȖȊȘȈȋȐ ȕȈ ȖșȚȘȣȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȕȖșȐȚȤ ȕȈ Țȍȓȍ șȊȖȍȔ
ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȓȐȚȣ ȗȍȘȍȒȐȕțȚȣȍ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȓȍȟȐ ȕȈ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȝ
Ȟȍȗȧȝ ȔțȟȐȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȕȍȗȖșȐȓȤȕȣȔ ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȉȍșșȖȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȖ-
ȟȈȔȐ ȋȖȓȖȌȖȔ Ȑ ȎȈȎȌȖȑ Ȑ țȔȐȘȈȚȤ ȉȍȏ ȊȍȘȣ Ȋ ȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȕțȦ
ȗȖȉȍȌț
ȇ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȎț ȗȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȗȖȓțȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȕȖȑ
ȓȈȟțȋȍ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ȊȘȣȊȈȓșȧ ȊȍȚȍȘ Ȑ ȕȖȟȕȖȑ ȝȖȓȖȌ
ȖȉȘȈȏ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȊșȍȔȖȋțȡȍȋȖ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȈ — ȊȘȈȋȈ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȖșȚȐ
ȚȍȓȈ Ȑ ȌțȝȈ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȦ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȗȖȘȖȟ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȈȕȋȍȓȈ ȏȖȊțȡȍȋȖ Ȓ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȍ Ȑ ȕȍȏȍȔȕȣȔ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈȔ ȕȖ Ȋ
ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȍȋȖ ȚȈȐȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȕȖ ȊȓȈșȚȕȖ ȖȉȕȈȎȈȓȖșȤ
ȞȈȘșȚȊȖ ȗȖȘȖȒȈ
Ǵȕȍ ȟțȌȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȑȏ ȋȓȈȏ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ-ȈȕȋȍȓȈ ȎȍȕȡȐ-
ȕȣ-ȌȍȔȖȕȈ ȚȧȕțȚșȧ șȖȚȕȐ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȕȍȏȘȐȔȣȝ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȝ Ȑ
ȦȘȒȐȝ ȒȈȒ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍȡȐȊȈȦȡȐȍșȧ Ȋ șȓȍȏȍ ȓțȟȐ șȊȍȚȈ ȡțȗȈ-
ȓȤȞȍȊ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȚȧȕțȚ ȖȕȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚțȌȈ ȋȌȍ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ
ȉȍȏȌȖȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȧȝ ȗȓȧȠȍȚ ȉțȠțȧ Ȑ ȘȈȌțȧșȤ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȑ
ȎȈȌȕȣȑ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȏȈȉȊȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȋȘȍȝȈ

75
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȡțȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ ȗȖȋȈș ȖȋȖȕȤ Ȑ șȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȗȘȖ-
ȗȈșȚȤ ȏȘȈȟȒȖȊ ȇ ȗȘȖȚȍȘ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȑ ȖȗȘȈȊ-
ȓȧȧ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ șȗțȚȈȕȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȌȘțȋțȦ ȗȘȖȚȧ-
ȕțȓȈ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȘȖȏȖȊȖȑ ȓȈȌȖȕȤȦ ȊȊȍȘȝ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȋȐȉȈȧ ȌȓȐȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȝȘțȗȒȐȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȔȈȕȐȓȈ ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ Ȓ șȍȉȍ
ȇ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ǷȓȐșȒȍȊȐȟȈ
Ƕȕ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ ȕȖ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȌȘȖȎȈȓ Ȑ
șȐȓȤȕȖ șȎȐȔȈȓ ȟȍȓȦșȚȐ
— ǴȈȘȐȕȈ — ȗȖȏȊȈȓ Ȗȕ ȋȓțȝȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— ǰ-Ȑ-Ȑ — ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȘȈȏȘȈȏȐȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȕȈȌȘȣȊ-
ȕȣȔ șȒȖȘȍȍ șȚȖȕȖȔ ȟȍȔ șȔȍȝȖȔ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ ȏȈȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȐ
ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȔȈȕȧȡȐȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ. — ǰ-Ȑ-Ȑ — șȚȖȕȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȉȍ-
ȏȖȚȟȍȚȕȖ țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȑ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȍȍ ȕȖ-
ȋȐ Ȑ ȐșșȚțȗȓȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȧ ȉȍșșȊȧȏȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ șȚț-
ȟȈȓ ȏțȉȈȔȐ Ȑ ȌȍȘȋȈȓșȧ ȚȡȍȌțȠȕȣȔ ȉȖȓȤȕȣȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ
ȇ țȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȒțȝȕȦ Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ț șȚȈȘțȝȐ ȋȌȍ Ȕȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȕȖ-
ȟȍȊȈȚȤ
— Ǩ ȊȖȚ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕȍ — ȏȈȊȖȘȟȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ
ȊȣșȖȊȣȊȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑȏ ȚȘȧȗȤȧ ȕȈ ȗȓȐȚȍ — ǴȍșȚȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ
ȇ țȠȍȓ Ȑ ȓȍȋ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȚȤ ȏȈțȕȣȊȕȖȋȖ ȎțȚȒȖȋȖ
șȔȍȝȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ Ȑ șȚȘȈșȚȕȣȝ ȋȘȈȕȐȟȈȡȐȝ ș ȉȍȏțȔȐȍȔ ȊȣȒ-
ȘȐȒȖȊ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȏȈ șȚȍȕȖȑ
Ǫ ȖȒȕȍ țȎȍ ȉȘȍȏȎȐȓ ȘȈșșȊȍȚ Ȑ Ȋ ȚțșȒȓȖȔ șțȔȘȈȒȍ Ȓȓț-
ȉȐȓȐșȤ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȖȊ Ǫ șȖ-
șȍȌȕȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ Ȋșȍ șȚȐȝȓȖ ȇ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȚȤșȧ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȕȖ ȏȓȧșȤ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȏȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȗțȚȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȥȚț ȕȖȟȕțȦ ȐșȚȖ-
ȘȐȦ șȖ șȚȈȘȐȒȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ ȌȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖȕȍșșȧ ȚȐȝȐȑ ȕȖ ȊȕȧȚ-
ȕȣȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȏȈ șȚȍȕȖȑ ȇ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȐȓșȧ
— ǶșȚȈȊȐȠȤ Țȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ" — ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȑ Ƞȍ-
ȗȖȚ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ — Ǻȣ ȒȈȒ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ǽȖȚȤ ȉȣ țȔȍȘ-
ȓȈ Țȣ șȈȔȈ
— ǰ-Ȑ-Ȑ — ȘȈșȝȖȝȖȚȈȓȈșȤ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ
— ȇ șȒȖȘȖ țȉȤȦ Țȍȉȧ — ȏȈȠȍȗȚȈȓ Ȗȕ șȕȖȊȈ — ǻȉȤȦ ǹȓȣ-
ȠȐȠȤ" Ǻȣ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȠȤ ȉȍȏțȔȕȈȧ — țȉȤȦ" ǷȘȐȌȐ Țȣ ȝȖȚȤ
ȕȈ ȔȐȋ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȧ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȔțȟȈȦșȤ
ǷȖȑȔȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȝȖȚȤ Ȋ ȔȐȕțȚț șȔȍȘȚȐ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ ǴȈȘȐȕȈ

76
ǶȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȊȈȓȈ ȚȐȝȖ Ȑ ȎțȚȒȖ șȔȍȧȚȤșȧ
— ǪȖȚ șȒȖȘȖ ȊȖȏȤȔț ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȏȈ ȠȍȦ ȚȊȖȦ ȠȍȦ Ȑ
șȖȎȔț ȊȖȚ ȚȈȒ
ǯȈ șȚȍȕȖȑ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓȈșȤ ȊȖȏȕȧ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȍ ȗȖȘȣȊȐșȚȖȍ
ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȧȡȍȍ Ȋ șȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ șȚȖȕ
ȇ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȒȈȠȓȧȕțȓ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ȇ țȝȖȎț ȊȖȏȤȔȐȚȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ
ǷȓȐșȒȍȊȐȟ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȑ ȕȍ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȘțȒț
— ǬȈȊȈȑȚȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȇ ȗȖȌȈȓ ȍȔț ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȑ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ƞȍȗȕțȓ
— ǷȓȖȝȖȍ ȏȈȚȍȧȓȐ Ȋȣ ȌȍȓȖ
Ƕȕ ȖȋȓȧȌȍȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ș ȕȖȋ ȌȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȗȘȍȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȝȖ-
ȓȖȌȕȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȘȟȈȓ
— ǵȍ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ-ȏȈȊȚȘȈ Ȕȣ ȖȉȈ ș ȕȍȑ țȔȘȍȔ ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȌȕȐ
ȌȖȎȐȊȈȦ ȧ Ȉ ȌȘțȋȖȔț ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȚȤ ȍȍ!
Ƕȕ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȊȖȑȌȧ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȗȓȖȚȕȖ ȏȈȒȘȣȓ ȏȈ șȖ-
ȉȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȤ
DzȖȋȌȈ șȚȈȘțȝȈ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ șȍȕȐ ȌȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȌȖ-
ȕȍșȓȖșȤ ȚȖȕȒȖȍ, ȎȈȓȖȉȕȖȍ
— ǰ-Ȑ-Ȑ
Ǵȕȍ ȟțȌȐȓȐșȤ ȋȖȘȧȡȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȍȏȖȚȟȍȚȕȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȕȈ ȗȘȍ-
ȒȘȈșȕȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ șȚȘȖȑȕȈȧ ȉȍȓȈȧ Ƞȍȧ Ȉ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ șȐȕȐȍ șȓȍȌȣ
ȒȘȦȟȒȖȊȈȚȣȝ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȝ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȊ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ
ȇ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋț Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧșȤ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȏȈȠȈȋȈȓ
Ȓ ȊȖȒȏȈȓț
ǪȌȈȓȐ ȧ țȊȐȌȈȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȧȘȒȐȝ ȗȧȚȍȕ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ
ȜȖȕȈȘȍȑ șȐȕȍȦȡȐȝ Ȋ ȔțȚȕȖȔ șțȔȘȈȒȍ Ȑ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȌȖȕȖșȐȊ-
Ƞȍȍșȧ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȓȍșȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȍ ȋȘȖȔȣȝȈȕȤȍ ȗȖȍȏȌȈ
ǩȣȓȖ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ ȎțȚȒȖ Ȑ ȉȍȏȖȚȘȈȌȕȖ
IV
ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ǩȣȓ ȕȈ ȐșȝȖȌȍ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȟȈș ȕȖȟȐ ȇ șȖ-
ȉȐȘȈȓșȧ țȎȍ țȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȑȏ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȐ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȌȘțȋ Șȍȏ-
ȒȐȑ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕȈ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȚȤ

— ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊȐȟ ȐȔȍȦ ȟȍșȚȤ ȒȓȈȕȧȚȤșȧ — țș-
ȓȣȝȈȓ ȧ ȋȖȓȖș ȀȖȘȐȕȈ — ǷȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ ȊȈȔ ȌȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ șȍȑ-
ȟȈș ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȌȈȟȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ dzȐȋȖȊȈ ȏȈȌțȠȍȕȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ
— ǻȉȐȑȞȈ — șȚȈȘȐȒ" ǶȕȈ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȈȧ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
— ǬȈ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȀȖȘȐȕ țȗȈȊȠȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ — ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȋ Șȍ-
ȌȈȒȞȐȐ țȎȍ ȐȔȍȦȚșȧ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȐ"
—ǵȍȚ ȧ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ țȏȕȈȓ Ȗ ȕȍȔ — țșȗȖȒȖȐȓ ȧ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ
ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘȈ
— ǺȈȒ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȚȍ ȌȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȐ șȚȘȖȒ
ȚȘȐșȚȈ" ǴȘȈȟȕȈȧ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ — ȕȈȟȈȓ Ȗȕ
— ǬȈȑȚȍ ȕȖ țȏȕȈȑȚȍ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ
— ǹȓțȠȈȦ ǹȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȊȣȍȏȎȈȦ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȖ ǬȖ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ
ȇ ȗȖȊȍșȐȓ ȚȘțȉȒț ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕȈ
Ǵȕȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȓȈșȤ ȋȖȘȌȈȧ Ƞȍȧ Ȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈș-
ȕȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȏȈȔȍȚȈȓȖșȤ ȧȘȒȖȍ ȗȓȈȔȧ ȊȏȊȐ-
ȊȈȧșȤ ȒȊȍȘȝț
— ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ ȗȖȋȈș ȖȋȖȕȤ ȥȚȐȝ ȋȓȈȏ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ șȍȉȧ Ȋșȓțȝ
Ǵȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȝȘȐȗȓȣȑ ȉȖȑ ȟȈșȖȊ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȑ ȏȍȊȖȒ ǨȓȍȒ-
șȍȧ ȏȈ ȌȊȍȘȤȦ
ȇ ȉȣȓ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȀȖȘȐȕ ȕȈ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖȑ ȌȈȟȍ ȏȈ dzȐȋȖȊȖȔ
ȕȈȑȌȍȚ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȚȘțȗ ȝțȌȖȑ ȗȖșȐȕȍȊȠȐȑ ȚȘțȗ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ș
ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȧȏȊȖȑ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȍ

ǯdzDZ ǸǼǻȄǮ
Ƕșș Ǯ. ǮșȓȘȟȎțȒȞȜȐȟȘȜȑȜ

80
ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȔȐȔȖȓȍȚȕȣȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧȝ ȉȣȓȖ
ȉȖȓȤȠȍ șȊȍȚȈ Ȑ ȚȍȗȓȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȌțȠȐ Ȑ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȌȘțȋ
ȌȘțȋȈ ȟȍȔ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȊȠȐȝ ȗȖȘȖȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȝ ȘȖ-
ȔȈȕȈȝ
ǶȕȈ Ȏȍ șȒȖȘȖ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȈ ȍȔț ǰȏȔȍȕȐȓȈ ȚȈȒ ȋȘțȉȖ ȋȕțș-
ȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍȓȍȗȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȓȦȉȐȓ Ȗȕ
ǵȐȕț ȒȈȒ ȕȈȠȍȓ Ȗȕ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȖȚȒȓȐȒ Ȍȓȧ ȍȍ ȓȎȐȊȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȖȟ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȧ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖȎȐȚȖȍ ș ȕȍȑ ȍȍ
ȚȐȝȐȑ ȓȈșȒȈȦȡȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș Ȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȍ ȕȍȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ
Ȗȕ ȚȖșȒȖȊȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȟȈȡȍ Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ Ȑ ȓȖȔȈȧ ȘțȒȐ țȗȖȘȕȖ șȔȖȚ-
Șȍȓ Ȋ șȓȍȗțȦ ȚȍȔȕȖȚț Ȑ ȠȍȗȚȈȓ
— ǫȌȍ Țȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ" ǬțȔȈȍȠȤ ȓȐ ȖȉȖ Ȕȕȍ" ǮȐȊȈ ȓȐ Țȣ Ȑ
ȚȖșȒțȍȠȤ ȓȐ Ȗ ȔȖȍȑ ȓȈșȒȍ Ȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ"
Ƕȕ ȉȍȏțȔșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȔțȟȐȓșȧ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖșȚȤȦ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȓȦ-
ȉȐȊȠȐȑ ȍȍ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȕȍ țȔȍȦȚ ȓȦȉȐȚȤ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȍ
ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ș ȕȍȦ Ȑ ȋȌȍ ȖȕȈ ǵȍ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȧșȤ ȟȚȖ ǵȐȕȈ ȗȖȒȐ-
ȕțȓȈ ȔțȎȈ Ȑ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȐȓȈ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȦ DzȖȘȒțȕȖȊ
ȊȗȈȌȈȓ Ȋ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȍȚ ȍȍ ȗȘȐ
ȊșȚȘȍȟȍ Ȑ ȟȚȖ țȎȍ ȏȈȉȣȓ ȍȍ ȚȐȝȐȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȓȈșȒȖȊȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș
ǹ ȋȖȌȈȔȐ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȗȍȘȍȠȓȈ Ȋ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤ ǮȍȓȈȕȐȍ șȊȐȌȈ-
ȕȐȧ ș ȕȍȦ șȓȐȊȈȓȖșȤ ș ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍȔ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȑ ȔȍșȚȐ
ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȕȖȟȤȦ Ȗȕ ȊșȒȈȒȐȊȈȓ ș ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ ȕȈȗ-
ȘȧȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȔȣșȓȐ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȓ Ȋ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȑ ȖȉȘȈȏ ǵȐȕȣ
Ȑ ȉȘȖșȈȓ ȍȑ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȍ ȏȓȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ:
— ǪșȚȘȍȟț Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟț ǵȍ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ — ȟȍȘȍȏ ȋȖȌ
ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ șȚȈȘțȝȖȑ ȉțȌȍȠȤ șȍȌȖȑ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȑ
ȊșȚȘȍȟț Ȑ țȉȤȦ
ǵȖ Ȋșȍ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȐșȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȍȏțșȗȍȠȕȣ ǵȐȕȈ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ ȉȍș-
șȓȍȌȕȖ
ǹ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈȊȧȏȟȐȊȈȧ ȐȌȍȧ
Ƕȕ ș ȚȘȍȊȖȋȖȑ ȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȓȎȐȊțȦ ȐȏȔȍȕȟȐȊțȦ ǵȐȕț țȉȐȓ
ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȖȗȍȘȍȌȐȊȠȐȑ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȖȉȐȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȍȦ ȓȦȉȖȊ-
ȕȐȒǶȕ șȖȉȘȈȓ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȣ Ȋșȍȝ țȉȐȚȣȝ ȏȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȓțȒȐ ș
ȕȍȦ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ Ȑ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȖȚȣșȒȈȚȤ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȓȐȞȈȝ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ
ȟȍȘȚȣ ǵȖ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȡȍȚȕȣȔ ǷȖȘȚȘȍȚȣ șȕȧȚȣȍ ȌȖ țȉȐȑșȚ-
ȊȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȏȈȚȘțȌȕȍȕȐȑ DzȖȘȒțȕȖȊ
ȐȏțȟȐȊ Ȑȝ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓ Ȓ ȊȣȊȖȌț ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ — ȕȍ ǵȐȕȈ ǺȘțȌȕȍȍ

81
ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ șȕȐȔȒȈȝ ș ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȐ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȣ DzȖȘȒțȕȖȊ ȘȈȏȊȍșȐȓ ȗȖ șȚȍȕȈȔ șȊȖȍȋȖ
ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȈ Ȑ ȟȈșȚȖ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓ Ȑȝ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȤ Ȋ
ȚȈȑȕț ȥȚȐȝ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȣȝ ȓȐȞ șȌȍȓȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȖ ȕȍțȓȖ-
ȊȐȔȣȔȐ Ȑ ȘȈșȗȓȣȊȟȈȚȣȔȐ ȓȐȠȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖșȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑȝ șȔȍȘȚȤ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȎțȚȒȈȧ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȧ ǹȖ șȚȍȕ Ȑȏ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȘȈȔȖȒ
șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȟȕȣȍ ȓȐȞȈ ǶȚȒȐȕțȚȣȍ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ș
ȗȖȓțȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ ȍȡȍ țȔȍȘȍȚȤ
țȎȈș ȐșȒȘȐȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȋțȉȣ ș ȖșȒȈȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ȘȈȕȣ ȕȈ
ȓȉț ș ȘȈșȒȘȣȊȠȐȔȐșȧ Ȑ ȕȈȉțȝȠȐȔȐ ȒȘȈȧȔȐ ȘȈȏȌȘȖȉȓȍȕ-

82
ȕȣȍ ȊȐșȒȐ ȋȌȍ ȟȍȘȕȍȓȐ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȐȍ ȗȧȚȕȈ Ȑȏ ȒȘȖȊȐ Ȑ șȓȐȗ-
ȠȐȝșȧ ȊȖȓȖș ȗȍȘȍȘȍȏȈȕȕȣȍ ȠȍȐ Ȑ ȊȏȌțȊȠȐȍșȧ ȖȗȓȣȊȠȐȍ
ȊȍȒȐ Ȑ ȋțȉȣ țȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ — Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȖȉȘȈȕȖ
DzȖȘȒțȕȖȊȣȔ
ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȌȍȕȤ ȉȣȓ ȚȍȔȕȣȑ șȍȘȣȑ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȋȕȐȓȖȑ ȗȍ-
ȚȍȘȉțȘȋșȒȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ DzȖȘȒțȕȖȊ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ șȖ șȓțȎȉȣ Ȋ țȋȕȍȚȍȕ-
ȕȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȗȘȐșȚțȗ șȊȖȍȑ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ
ǵȖȟȤȦ ȍȔț ȉȣȓȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȖȔȒȕțȚȤ ȋȓȈȏ,
ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȌȣȠȈȓ Ȑ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȌȈȎȍ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ șȚȖȕȈȓ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ
ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȈȧ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȕȖșȚȤ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ Ȑ șȗȍȠȕȖȍ
Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ șȘȈȏț ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ ȗȖȋȕȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȑȏ
șȗȈȓȤȕȐ ǹȎȐȔȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȗȖȚȐȘȈȧ ȓȖȉ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȔȐ ȓȈȌȖ-
ȕȧȔȐ DzȖȘȒțȕȖȊ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ Ȑ ȏȈȎȍȋ ȓȈȔȗț
ǹȖ șȚȍȕ ȋȓȧȌȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȘȈȔ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȣ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȉȍ-
ȏțȔȕȖ ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȊȠȐȔȐșȧ Ȑ ȊȣȚȍȒȠȐȔȐ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȚțșȒȓȖ ȉȓȍșȚȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȥȚȐȝ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ
ȘȈșȗȓȣȊȠȐȝșȧ Ȋ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ Ȑ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȐȍ țȓȣȉȒȐ ȓȐȞȈȝ
— Ǩ Ȋșȍ ȏȈ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ" — țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ DzȖȘȒțȕȖȊ — dzȦȉȖȊȤ —
Ȑ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȤ
Ƕȕ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȘȈșȝȖȝȖȚȈȓșȧ
— ǯȈ ȊȈȠț ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȓȈȚȐȚȤ ȌȍȕȤȋȈȔȐ Ȉ ȍșȓȐ ȒȚȖ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȖȚȌȈȓ ȊȈȔ ȝȖȚȤ ȕȈȔȍȒ ȕȈ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȏȈ ȊȈȠț ȓȦ-
ȉȖȊȤ ȧȌȖȊȐȚțȦ Ȑ ȓȎȐȊțȦ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȖȎ ȐȓȐ ȚȖȗȖȘ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȓ Ȓ șȚȍȕȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȧ ȓȐȞȖ Ȓ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȈȔ
ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓ
— ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȖȎ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȗȖȘ
Ƕȕ ȚȣȒȈȓ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ Ȋ ȓȐȞȈ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȖȊ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȖ
ȐȔȍȕȐ Ȑ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ ȐȔ ȓțȒȈȊȖ ȗȖȌȔȐȋȐȊȈȓ ȐȓȐ Șȍȏ-
ȒȖ Ȑ ȏȓȖȉȕȖ șȔȍȧȓșȧ
— ǺȈȒ Ȑ ȚȈ ȔȖȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖȗȈȌȍȚ șȦȌȈ — ȟțȚȤ
șȓȣȠȕȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș Ȗȕ.
— ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȖȑȌț Ȑ Ȋșȍ țȊȐȎț DzȘȖȊȤ
Ȑ ȓȎȐȊȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȕȍȓȍȗȖȍ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ
Ȑșȗțȋȍ ȇ ȉțȌț șȔȍȧȚȤșȧ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȓȐȞȖ șȔȍȧȚȤșȧ ȌȖȓȋȖ
Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ǷțșȚȤ șȟȐȚȈȦȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȔ ȚȖȋȌȈ ǷțșȚȤ Ǵȕȍ
Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȧ ȗȘȐȌț Ȓ țȉȐȑȞȍ Ȑ șȚȈȕț ȞȍȓȖȊȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ
ȘțȒȐ ȌȖȉȘȣȍ ȘțȒȐ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȊȠȐȍ ȍȍ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ DzȖȘȒțȕȖȊ ȖȚșȒȖȟȐȓ ȖȚ șȚȍȕȣ Ȑ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȐȓșȧ
ǿȤȐ-ȚȖ ȚȐȝȐȍ ȠȈȋȐ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ ȠȖȘȖȝ ȗȓȈȚȤȧ ȌȖȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȑȏ

83
ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȑ Ǫ ȗȖȓțȖȚȒȘȣȚțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓ ȔȘȈȒ Ȑ ȕȈ
ȜȖȕȍ ȍȋȖ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉȍȓȖȍ Ȑ șȓȈȉȖ ȔȍȘȞȈȦȡȍȍ. ǭȡȍ
Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ Ǫșȍ ȧșȕȍȍ Ȑ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȍȍ
DzȖȘȒțȕȖȊ ȕȈ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȝ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ șȚțȗȈȚȤ ȕȍșȓȣȠȕȖ ȗȖȌȖ-
Ƞȍȓ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȑ ȊȣșțȕțȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȦȦ Ƞȍȗȕțȓ
— ȅȚȖ Țȣ ǵȐȕȖȟȒȈ" Ǻȣ țȔȍȘȓȈ șȍȑȟȈș Ȑ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ?
ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȓȈ țȔȐȘȈȧ
ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȓȐȒȕțȓșȧ ǪȌȈȓȐ ȚȘȍșȕțȓ ȗȈȘȒȍȚ Ǫ șȚȖȓȖ-
ȊȖȑ ȝȘȐȗȓȖ Ȑ ȊȖȘȟȓȐȊȖ ȗȘȖȉȐȓȐ ȟȈșȣ ȐȔ ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓȐșȤ ȌȘț-
ȋȐȍ Ȋ Ȓțȝȕȍ ȏȈȉȐȊ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ Ȑ ȏȊȖȕȒȖ ǵȖ DzȖȘȒțȕȖȊ Ȋșȍ ȏȕȈȓ
Ȑ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ ǻȚȘȖȔ ȓȈȒȍȑ ȗȖȌȈȓ ȍȔț ȋȈȏȍȚȣ Ƕȕ, ȕȍ ȚȖȘȖ-
ȗȧșȤ ȗȐȓ ȒȖȜȍ ȌȍȓȖȊȐȚȖ țȓȖȎȐȓ ȉțȔȈȋȐ Ȋ ȗȖȘȚȜȍȓȤ Ȑ ȚȖ-
ȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȓ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ǹȘȈȏț Ȏȍ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȚȈ-
ȚȤȧ ș ȟȍȘȕȣȔ ȉȤȦȡȐȔ ȕȈ șȍȕșȈȞȐȦ ȏȈȋȖȓȖȊȒȖȔ
ǵȖȟȤȦ ȉȣȓȈ țȉȐȚȈ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ ȌȈȔȈ ǻȉȐȑȞȈ șȈȔ
ȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȦ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȧ
ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ Ȑ ȘȍȊȕȖșȚȤȦ
ǰȔȧ țȉȐȚȖȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ DzȖȘȒțȕȖȊț ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȏȕȈȓ
ȟȚȖ țȉȐȚȈ ǵȐȕȈ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȎȌȈȓ
Ǭȕȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȘȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ țȎȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȌȍȓȈȕȖ ȊșȒȘȣȚȐȍ Ȑ Ȑș-
ȗȖȓȕȍȕȣ Ȋșȍ șțȌȍȉȕȣȍ ȜȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ DzȖȘȒțȕȖȊ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȓ
Ȋ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ, ȟȚȖ ȚȍȓȖ țȉȐȚȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȏȍȕȖ ȕȈ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘț ȔțȎȈ Ƕȕ
ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȕȈȌȍȓ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ șȦȘȚțȒ Ȑ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȖȚȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȈ-
ȕȐȝȐȌț.
ǫțșȚȈȧ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȣȝ șȚȖȧȓȈ Ȋ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȋȖșȚȐ-
ȕȖȑ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓ ȋȘȖȉ ǪȖȑȌȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȉȖȒȖȊțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ DzȖȘȒțȕȖȊ
ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ șȏȈȌȐ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȞȣ Ȑ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȍȘȝȕȦȦ ȟȈșȚȤ
ȍȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ Ȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ ȓȍȎȈȡȐȝ ȕȈ ȗȖȌțȠȒȍ
ǯȈȚȖ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȔțȎȈ țȉȐȚȖȑ ǪȣșȖȒȐȑ Ȑ șȚȘȖȋȐȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ
ș ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȔȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȚȐȊȠȐȔȐ ȍȡȍ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ șȚȖȧȓ Ȑ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ
șȎȐȔȈȓ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ Ƕȕ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓșȧ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȗȕ ȌȈ-
Ȏȍ ȗȓȈȒȈȓ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȔțșȒțȓȣ ȓȐȞȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈȗȘȧȋȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȌȘȖ-
ȎȈȓȐ Ȑ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ șȌȊȐȋȈȓȐșȤ ȋțșȚȣȍ șȍȌȣȍ ȉȘȖȊȐ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈ șȚȈȓȈ ȘȈșȝȖȌȐȚȤșȧ DzȖȘȒțȕȖȊ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ
ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ șȖșȍȌȕȦȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȑ ȖȋȓȧȌȍȓșȧ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȉțȌțȈȘ țȉȐ-
ȚȖȑǷȖșȓȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȝȖȏȧȑȒȐ șȦȌȈ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȝȖ-
ȌȐȓ

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DzȖȘȒțȕȖȊ ȊșȚȈȓ ȏȈ ȗȖȘȚȤȍȘț Ȑ ȗȘȐȚȈȐȓșȧ Ǫ ȉțȌțȈȘȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȚȍȔȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ș țȓȐȞȣ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȈȓ șȦȌȈ șȊȍȚ ȓȖȎȈșȤ ȗȖ-
ȓȖșȖȑ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȓȣȍ ȖȉȖȐ
Ǫ ȋȖșȚȐȕȖȑ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȚȐȝȓȐ ȋȖȓȖșȈ Ȑ ȠȈȘȒȈȕȤȍ ȕȖȋ
ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȋșȍ țȠȓȐ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȕȈȝȐȕȧ ȖȌȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȖ-ȚȧȋțȟȐȔ
ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȟȐȚȈȓȈ ǷșȈȓȚȐȘȤ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȧ ȕȈȘȈșȗȍȊ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ
șȓȖȋȐ ȖȚȟȍȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ ȌȍȓȈȓȐșȤ ȟțȎȐȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȔȐ ǻșȚȈȊ,
ȖȕȈ șȔȖȓȒȓȈ ȗȖȊȏȌȣȝȈȓȈ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȖșȚțȒȐȊȈȧ ȒȈȉȓțȒȈȔȐ
ȋȘțȉȣȝ șȈȗȖȋ țȠȓȈ Ȑ ȉȍȘȍȎȕȖ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȓȈ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȤ
DzȖȘȒțȕȖȊ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐȕțȦ Ȑ șȚȈȊ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȘȖ-
ȉȖȔ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȓ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȞȍ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ Ƕȕ ȚȐȝȖ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȕȖ șȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȓ șȍȉȧ Ȑ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȐȎȍ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȍ ȖȚȘȣȊȈȧ ȋȓȈȏ
dzȐȞȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȉȊȧȏȈȕȖ ȔȈȘȓȍȑ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȖ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ
ȚȖȕȒȐȑ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȋȖȘȉȈȚȣȑ ȕȖș Ȑ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȚȈȧ ȋțȉȈ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȐșȤ
ȕȈ ȊȐȌț
DzȖȘȒțȕȖȊ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȘțȒȐ Ȓ ȋȘȖȉț Ȑ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ șȌȊȐȕțȓ ȗȖ-
ȊȧȏȒț ǶȕȈ ȓȍȋȒȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȈ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȑ țȗȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȌțȠȒț ȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȊ Ȋșȍ ȓȐȞȖ
Ƕȕ șȘȈȏț țȏȕȈȓ ǵȐȕț Ȑ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȧ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȖȚ-
ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȐȏȌȈȓȍȒȈ ȧșȕȖ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȍ Ȑșȗț-
ȋȈȓșȧ
dzȍȊȣȑ ȋȓȈȏ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȞȣ, ș ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȗțȠȐșȚȣȔȐ Șȍș-
ȕȐȞȈȔȐ, ȉȣȓ ȗȓȖȚȕȖ ȏȈȒȘȣȚ ǬȘțȋȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȊȔȍ-
șȚȖ ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓ șȗȓȖȠȕȖȑ șȐȕȐȑ ȗȖȌȚȍȒ ȘȈșȗȓȣȊȠȐȑșȧ ȕȈ ȓȖȉ,
Ȑ Ȋ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȕȖȔ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȕȐȐ șȊȍȚȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȟȍȘȕȖȍ
ȗȧȚȕȖ ȉȍȎȐȚ Ȑ ȗȘȣȋȈȍȚ ȗȖ ȓȐȞț ǴȧȋȒȐȍ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ ȋțȉ ȕȍȎ-
ȕȣȑ ȖȊȈȓ ȓȐȞȈ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȥȚȈ țȊȧȌȠȈȧ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ țȚȖȔ-
ȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȒȖȎȈ Ȋșȍ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋ ȋȘȖȉț ȖȕȈ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ
ȉȓȐȏȒȈȧ ȍȔț ȓȦȉȐȔȈȧ Ȑ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȎȈȓȒȈȧ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡ-
ȕȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȕȣȑ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ Ȋ șȓȍȏȈȝ
DzȖȘȒțȕȖȊ ȗȘȐȗȈȓ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȤ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȌȖȓȋȖ
ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȍȍ ȋțȉȣ Ȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȠȍȗȚȈȓ:
— ǯȈȟȍȔ Ȏȍ ȚȈȒ" ǯȈȟȍȔ"
ǪȍȘȕțȊȠȈȧșȧ ȔȖȕȈȝȐȕȧ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ țȗȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȈ
ȋȘȖȉ Ȑ ș ȒȘȐȒȖȔ țȉȍȎȈȓȈ
ǷȘȐȠȓȐ ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ ȖȒȘțȎȐȓȐ DzȖȘȒțȕȖȊȈ.
ǭȋȖ ȔȈȕȍȘȣ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȊȕȧȚȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș Ȑ ȐȏȧȡȕȖȍ
ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓȐ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ.

85
— Ǫȣ ȔțȎ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȑ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ ț ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ ȌȖȔȈ Ȑ
ȕȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȧ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ Ȋȏȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȘțȒț Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ — ȇ ȗȖȗȘȖȠț ț
ȊȈș ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ ȉȍȏ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȑ ǷȖșȓȍ — ȧ
Ȓ ȊȈȠȐȔ țșȓțȋȈȔ
ǪȣșȖȒȐȑ șȚȘȖȋȐȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȘțȒȐ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓ
ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȉțȌțȈȘ ǶȕȐ ȊȖȠȓȐ Ȑ șȍȓȐ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ DzȖȘȒțȕȖȊ ș șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȟȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȖȉȌțȔȣȊȈȓ
— ǶȕȈ ȊȈș ȖȉȔȈȕțȓȈ ǰȏȔȍȕȐȓȈ ș ȚȍȔ țȉȐȑȞȍȑ ȇ
ȏȕȈȦ ȇ ȟȐȚȈȓ Ȋ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ ȍȋȖ ȐșȗȖȊȍȌȤ ǩȍȌȕȣȑ Ȗȕ ǩȍȌ-
ȕȣȑ Ȑ Ȋȣ
DzȖȘȒțȕȖȊ țȔȖȓȒ Ȑ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȖȠȍȊȍȓȐȓșȧ ȕȈ
șȊȖȍȔ șȚțȓȍ
— ǵȍȚ ȗȖȌȖȎȌȐȚȍ — ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ DzȖȘȒțȕȖȊ — ȇ șȍȑ-
ȟȈș ǻ ȊȈș Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤ Ȓ ȕȍȑ Ȓ ǵȐȕȍ ȅȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ
Ȑ ȚȧȎȒȖ ǯȈȟȍȔ" ǶȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȖȉȔȈȕȣȊȈȓȈ. Ȋșȍȝ Ȑ ȊȈș... Ȑ
șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȔțȎȈ Ȑ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ țȉȐȑȞț, Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȍȡȍ ȇ
ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȦ

86
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȊȖ ȊȍșȤ ȘȖșȚ Ȑ ȏȈȠȐȗȍȓ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȖȟțȊ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȉȖȓȤ
— ȇ ȚȖȎȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȍȕ — ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ DzȖȘȒțȕȖȊ —ǹȚȘȈ-
ȌȈȦ ȚȈȒ ȌȈȊȕȖ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȖ Ǩ ȖȕȈ ȖȉȔȈȕȣȊȈȓȈ
— ǬȈ ǶȕȈ ȊșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȖȉȔȈȕȣȊȈȓȈ ȥȚȈ — șȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȘȖ-
Ȑȏȕȍș ȋȕțșȕȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȖȉȐȌȕȖȍ șȈȔȖȍ ȖșȒȖȘȉȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ
Ȍȓȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ șȓȖȊȖ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȍȓ ȗȖȕțȘȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȣȊ
ȋȓȈȏȈ
— ǵȖ ȘȈȏȊȍ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ DzȖȘȒțȕȖȊ ȘȈșȚȧȋȐȊȈȧ șȓȖȊȈ ȉțȌ-
ȚȖ ȖȚȣșȒȐȊȈȧ ȒȈȎȌȖȍ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ — ȘȈȏȊȍ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȑ ȓțȟ ȖȉȔȈ-
ȕȣȊȈȍȚ șȒȖȓȤȏȧ ȗȖ ȓȐȞȈȔ ȞȊȍȚȈȔ Ȑ ȒȈȔȕȧȔ" ǶȉȔȈȕȣȊȈȍȚ
ȓȐ Ȗȕ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȓȈșȒȈȍȚ ȘȈȌțȍȚ șȍȑȟȈș ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȉ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȋȕȖȊȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ"
ǶȚȊȍȚȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ DzȖȘȒțȕȖȊ ȗȖȌȖȎȌȈȓ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȚȐȝȖ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȓșȧ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ șȚȈȘȐȒț Ȑ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍ-
ȕȐ Ƕȕ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ȍȔț ȌȖ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ȗȉȕȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ
ȊșȝȓȐȗȣȊȈȧ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȠȍȗȟȈ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȔ șȚȘȈșȚȕȣȔ
ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ
— ǭșȓȐ Ȕȣ ȖșȒȖȘȉȓȍȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȖȉȔȈȕțȚȣȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȚȐȔ ȍȑ
ȌȈȊȠȍȑ ȕȈȔ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ Ȑ ȋȖȘȍ ȍșȓȐ Ȕȣ
ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȚȐȔ ȍȑ Ȋșȍȑ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȖȉȐȌȣ ȕȍ ȏȈȡȐȚȐȔ ȍȍ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȓȦ-
ȉȖȊȤȦ — ș ȟȍȔ Ȏȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȕȍȚ ȖȕȈ ȉȍȌȕȈȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȘȍșȚȖȓȖȔ
ǷȘȍȌȊȍȟȕȖȋȖ ǹțȌȐȐ"
_____
ǻȎȍ ȕȈ ȏȈȘȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓ DzȖȘȒțȕȖȊ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ ȋȌȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ
ȚȍȓȖ ǵȐȕȣ ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȌȖ ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ
ȍȔț ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈȚțȔȈȕȍȕȕȣȔ șȓȍȏȈȔȐ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ
Ǩ DzȖȘȒțȕȖȊ ȉȣȓ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊ ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖȍ
șȎȐȔȈȓȖ ȍȔț șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȑ ȒȓȖȒȖȚȈȓȖ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȐ
ǪȣȝȖȌȧ ț șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȈ Ȑȏ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȒȐ Ȗȕ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȟțȊ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȕțȎȕȖ ȒȘȐȒȕțȚȤ ȊșȍȔ ȊșȍȔț ȔȐȘț ȖȌȕȖ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȊȖ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȚșȧ Ȋșȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ șȚȈ-
ȕȍȚ șȊȍȚȓȍȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȡȍ

ǺȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȥȚȖ șȓȖȊȖ Ȉ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȘȖ-
ȗȐȚȤșȧ ȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȓȖ ȍȋȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ
Ȑ ȋȘțȌȤ ȘȖșȓȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȓȖ ȍȔț ȕȐ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȚȤ ȕȐ ȠȍȊȍȓȤ-
ȕțȚȤșȧ
ǺȖ ȕțȎȕȖȍ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ șȈȔȖ ȗȘȐȠȓȖ DzȖȘȒțȕȖȊ Ȋȣ-
ȗȘȧȔȐȓșȧ ȕȖ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȐ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓȖșȤ ǹȓȖȊ-
ȕȖ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȔȧȋȒȐȔ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ ȍȔț ȖȒțȚȈȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȏȈȒȘț-
ȎȐȓȖșȤ ȏȈȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȖ ȏȈȉȐȓȖșȤ
ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȋșȍ șȘȈȏț ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ

ȀǮǷǻǮ ǿȀǮǾǼDZǼ
ȀdzǮȀǾǮǹȊǻǼDZǼ DzǼǺǮ
Ƕșș ǺȖȟȟ

89
ǹȖȜȘȖȕȖȊ ȏȕȈȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ Ƕȕ ș ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ ȗȖȔȕȐȓ Țț ȕȈ-
ȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȍȚșȧ șȖȟȍȓȤ-
ȕȐȒ ȖȚ Ȋșȍȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ȋȖȌȈ
ǭȔț ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȊșȗȖ-
ȔȐȕȈȍȚșȧ ȊșȍȔ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȔ ȓȦȌȧȔ Ȋ ȌȕȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȚȘȖȋȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȝ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒȖȊ
ǹȖȜȘȖȕȖȊ Ƞȍȓ ȗȖ ǫȖșȚȐȕȖȔț ȌȊȖȘț Ȑ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȍȋȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȖȒȓȐȒȕțȓ
— Ǫȣ ȒțȌȈ ǹȍȔȍȕ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȐȟ" ǵȍ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȓȐ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ" —
ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȧ ȔȍȝȖȊțȦ ȠȈȗȒț șȗȘȖșȐȓ șȖșȓțȎȐȊȍȞ ǹȖȜȘȖ-
ȕȖȊȈ DzțȓȤȟȐȕșȒȐȑ — Ǩ ȧ Ȋ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȖȊșȒȐȑ ȘȣȕȖȒ ȏȈ șȚȈ-
ȘȖȑ ȉȘȖȕȏȖȑ șȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ǯȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ șȚȈȘȤȍȊȡȐȒ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȈȓ
ǷȖȍȌȍȔȚȍ ȍșȓȐ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ
ǹȖȜȘȖȕȖȊ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ
ǻ șȚȈȘȤȍȊȡȐȒȈ ǹȍȔȍȕ ǷȈȊȓȖȊȐȟ șȒțȟȈȧ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȒȖȗȈȚȤ-
șȧ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȍ ȒȕȐȋ ȊȈȓȧȊȠȐȝșȧ ț ȊȝȖȌȈ ǶȌȐȕ ȚȖȔȐȒ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍ-
șȖȊȈȓ ǹȖȜȘȖȕȖȊȈ ǵȈ ȖȉȓȖȎȒȍ șȚȖȧȓ ȠȚȍȔȗȍȓȤ ©ǼȘȈȕȞțȏș-
ȒȈȧ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȈ ǬȍȘȊȈȓȧ Ȋ ǹȈȕȒȚ-ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȍª Ȉ ȘȧȌȖȔ ©
ȋªǹȖȜȘȖȕȖȊ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȐȓ ȘțȉȓȤ Ȑ țȠȍȓ ȘȈșȗȘȖȡȈȊȠȐșȤ ș țȊ-
ȓȍȒȠȐȔșȧ ȉȘȖȕȏȖȑ șȖșȓțȎȐȊȞȍȔ Ȑ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȖȔ ȓȈȊȒȐ

90
ǪȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȗȖșȓȍ țȎȐȕȈ Ȗȕ șȍȓ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȖ ț ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ
șȚȖȓȈ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȓȐșȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȒțȗȓȍȕȕțȦ ȒȕȐȋț
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȘȖȔȈȕ ©Lȍ chevalier de l’Aubel», ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȣȑ ȕȍ-
ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȔ ȈȊȚȖȘȖȔ Ȋ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȍ ;9,,, ȊȍȒȈ DzȕȐȋȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȚȈ-
ȘȈȧ ǶȚ ȕȍȍ Ƞȍȓ ȚȖȚ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȈȘȖȔȈȚ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȦȚ ȚȖ-
ȓȤȒȖ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȍ ȒȕȐȋȐ șȔȍșȤ ȏȈȗȈȝȖȊ șȣȘȖșȚȐ ȚȓȍȦȡȐȝ ȓȐ-
șȚȤȍȊ Ȑ țȊȧȌȈȦȡȐȝ ȗȖȓȍȊȣȝ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ
ǷȈȊȍȓ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȐȟ ȕȈȠȍȓ Ȋ ȒȕȐȋȍ Ȑ ȖȉȘȣȊȖȒ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȎȍȓȚȍȊȠȍȑ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȐșȚȓȍȊȠȍȑ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ǴȍȓȒȐȔȐ ȈȒ-
ȒțȘȈȚȕȣȔȐ ȉțȒȊȈȔȐ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȉțȘȣȔȐ ȊȣȞȊȍȚȠȐȔȐ
ȟȍȘȕȐȓȈȔȐ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȗȐșȈȓȈ:
©ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȧ țȏȕȈȓȈ ȒȚȖ Ȋȣ ǷȘȖșȚȐȚȍ țȔȖȓȧȦ ȊȈș ǹȓț-
ȟȐȓȖșȤ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ șȈȔȖ șȖȉȖȑ ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȔȖȍ ȏȈȉȐȓȖșȤ,
ȒȈȒ ȊșȚȘȍȊȖȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȚȐȞȈ ȇ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȌțȔȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȊȈș ȗȣ-
ȓȈȍȚ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȕȖ ȚȈȑȕȖ ȔȍȟȚȈȓȈ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȋȖ-
ȘȐȚ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȔȖȦ ȐȋȘț Ȋ dzȍȚȕȍȔ ȚȍȈȚȘȍ Ȑ
ȝȊȈȓȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ șȍȉȧ ȋȖȘȌȖȑ ȇ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȚȖȋȌȈ
ȟȚȖ ȐȋȘȈ ȔȖȧ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈ ǵȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ — Ȋșȍ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȖ ǿȚȖ ȧ
ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȈȔȐ" ȇ ȕȍȌȖșȚȖȑȕȈ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȊȈș ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȚȤ ȊȈ-
Ƞȍ ȐȔȧ ǰȔȧ Ǵȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ țȑȚȐ ȧ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȦ ȕȖ ȉțȌȤȚȍ ȔȐ-
ȓȖșȚȐȊȣ ȥȚȖ șȊȖȑșȚȊȖ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȍȚ ȊȈș șȘȍȌȐ Ȋșȍȝ
 ȌȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ
șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ ǻ ȕȈș
Ȋ ȚȍȈȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ șțȗȘȖȚȐȊ ǭȓȈȋȐȕȈ ȌȊȖȘȞȈ șȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȚ
șȍȋȖȌȕȧ șȖȟȍȓȤȕȐȒ ȏȈȎȋțȚ ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȍȓȒț ȇ ȉțȌț ȎȌȈȚȤ
ȊȈș Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ǵȍ ȋȕȍȊȈȑȚȍșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȍȑȠțȦ Ȑ
ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȍȑȠțȦ ȊȈȔ
ǴȈȘȐȦ».
Ƕȕ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓ ȖȉȘȣȊȖȒ ȉțȔȈȋȐ Ȑ ȕȈ ȖȉȖȘȖȚ-
ȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȖȊșȍȔ șȚȍȘȠȐȍșȧ șȓȖȊȈ
©ǷȘȐȍȏȎȈȑȚȍ Ȓ ȗȖȓțȕȖȟȐ ǯȈȒȓȐȕȈȦ ȊȈș ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ
ȔȖȍȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ ǵȍ ȗȖȊȐȌȈȊ ȊȈș — ȕȍ șȔȖȋț ȎȐȚȤ
Ǵª

91
Ƕȕ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȟȈșȣ ǩȣȓ ȖȌȐȕȕȈȌȞȈȚȣȑ ȟȈș ȕȈ ȐșȝȖȌȍ
ǷȈȊȍȓ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȐȟ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȑ ȌȖȔ ȕȈ
ǶșȚȘȖȊȈȝ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ǭȓȈȋȐȕȈ ȌȊȖȘȞȈ ǬȓȐȕȕȈȧ ȗȖȓțșȋȕȐȊȠȈȧ
ȒȈȏȈȘȔȈ ș ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔȐ ȖȒȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȏȈȒȖȓȖȟȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȝȖȌȖȔ ș
ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ ȉȘȖșȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȊȖȐȔ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ
ȌȐȒȖȘȈșȚțȡȐȑ ȊȐȕȖȋȘȈȌ Ȟȍȗȓȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȍ șȚȖȓȉȣ
ȒȘȣȓȤȞȈ Ȑ ȗȖȓȏ ȗȖ șȚȍȕȈȔ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȓȈșȒȈȧ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȋȖ ȌȘȍȊ-
ȕȍȋȖ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ
ǵȍȧșȕȖȍ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ șȖȏȘȍȊȈȓȖ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ǹȖȜȘȖȕȖȊȈ Ȑ ȕȈ-
ȒȖȕȍȞ Ȗȕ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȕȈȌȖ ȍȝȈȚȤ Ȓ ȚȍȈȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȔț ȌȖȔț
ȕȈ ǶșȚȘȖȊȈȝ ȒțȌȈ ȏȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ șȔțȚȕȖ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȔȣȑ ȕȖ
ȉȓȐȏȒȐȑ ǰȏȊȖȏȟȐȒ ȌȖȊȍȏ ȍȋȖ ȌȖ ȌțȉȈ ǷȍȚȘȈ ǪȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ Ȑ
țȍȏȎȈȧ ș ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȊșȓȍȌ țȌȈȓȧȦȡȍȑșȧ ȗȖ Ȉȓȓȍȍ
ȜȐȋțȘȍ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖȋȖ ȉȈȘȐȕȈ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȊȠȍȋȖ Ȋ ȚȈȒțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȈ ǶșȚ-
ȘȖȊȈ
ǷȈȊȍȓ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȐȟ ȖȉȖȠȍȓ ȚȍȈȚȘ șȓȍȊȈ Ȑ ȊșȚȈȓ ț ȟȍȘȕȖȑ
ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȘȍȠȍȚȒȐ ȌȈȟȐ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȐ DzȓȍȑȕȔȐȝȍȓȤ ǷȘȖșȚȖȍ
șȚȘȖȋȖȍ ȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȘȈȏȘțȠȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ȚȍȈȚȘȈ ȊȣșȐȓȖșȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ,
Ȋșȍ ȉȍȓȖȍ ȏȈȓȐȚȖȍ ȋȖȓțȉȣȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȓțȕȣ ǯȈȒȖȓȖȟȍȕȕȣȍ
ȖȒȕȈ Ȑ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȌȕȍȔ Ȑ
ǹȖȜȘȖȕȖȊț ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȟțȌȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȊȕțȚȘȐ șȊȍȚȧȚșȧ Ȗȋ-
ȕȐ Ȑ șȓȣȠȈȚșȧ ȖȚȒȓȐȒȐ ȚȐȝȐȝ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ Ȑ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȣȝ ȠȈ-
ȋȖȊǹȒȊȖȏȤ ȘȍȠȍȚȒț Ȑ ȊȍȚȒȐ ȒțșȚȖȊ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȉȍȓȣȑ ǭȓȈȋȐȕ
ȌȊȖȘȍȞ ș ȒȘțȋȓȖȑ ȒȘȣȠȍȑ Ȑ ȧȘȒȖ-ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȔ șȕȍȎȕȣȔ ȋȈ-
ȏȖȕȖȔ șȉȍȋȈȦȡȐȔ Ȓ șȈȔȖȑ ǵȍȊȍ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȚȖȓșȚȣȔ șȓȖȍȔ
șȕȍȋȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖșȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȘȍȒȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ Ȑ țȏȒȈȧ ȗȖȓȣ-
ȕȤȧ ȋȌȍ ȗȍȘȍȓȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȦ ȘȧȉȤȦ ȊȖȌȈ
ǫȓȈȏȈ ǷȈȊȓȈ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȐȟȈ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȐ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ǪȖȚ ȗȘȐȉ-
ȘȍȎȕȣȍ ȓȐȗȣ ǶȕȐ șȚȖȧȓȐ, șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȑȏ ȈȓȍȉȈșȚȘȈ ǩȍȓȣȍ ȉȍȏ
ȉȓȍșȒȈ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȗțȠȐșȚȣȔ ȐȕȍȍȔ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ ȊȣșȐȓȐșȤ
ȓȐȗȣ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȌȖȘȖȋț ȗȖ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȦȡȍȔț Ȋ ȓțȕȕȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ șȕȍ-
ȋț ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȒȈȒ ȏȔȍȐ ȚȍȕȐ ȊȍȚȊȍȑ Ȑ șȚȊȖȓȖȊ
ȖȉȘȈȏțȧ ȝȐȚȘȣȍ șȗȓȍȚȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȖȍ ȒȘțȎȍȊȖ
Ǩ ȊȖȚ Ȑ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȚȍȈȚȘȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȌȖȔ
ǹȖȜȘȖȕȖȊ ȌȈȎȍ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ǫ șȚȍȒȓȈȝ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȑ
Ȋ ȖȒȕȈȝ ȊȐȌȕȍȓșȧ ȧȘȒȐȑ șȊȍȚ ǫȖȘȍȓȐ șȊȍȟȐ Ȋ ȏȖȓȖȟȍȕȣȝ
ȓȦșȚȘȈȝ Ȑ ȒȈȕȌȍȓȧȉȘȈȝ ǵȈ ȓȍȋȒȐȝ ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȒȈȝ ȒȖȓȣȝȈȓȐșȤ

92
ȚȍȕȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȚȖ ȗȈȘȈȔȐ ȚȖ ȚȖȓȗȖȑ
ǪȖȘȖȚȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣ ȕȈșȚȍȎȤ ǷȖșȘȍȌȐ ȌȊȖȘȈ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ
ȌȘȖȊȈ Ȋ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȔ ȒȈȏȈȕȍ Ȑ ȒțȟȍȘȈ Ȋ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȝ ȘȖȋȈȚȒȈȝ ș
ȔȍȝȖȊȣȔȐ ȖȗțȠȒȈȔȐ ȗȖȗȘȣȋȐȊȈȓȐ ț Ȗȋȕȧ ȉȐȓȐ ȕȖȋț Ȗ ȕȖ-
ȋț ȘȈȏȔȈȝȐȊȈȓȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȖȏȐȓȐșȤ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȖȚȖȋȘȍȚȤșȧ
ǷȖȟȚȐ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȔȐȋ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘ ș ȘȈȏȔȈȝȈ ȊȓȍȚȈȓȐ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȍ
ȒȖȕȐ ȀȐȘȖȒȐȍ șȈȕȐ ș ȊȖȏȒȈȔȐ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȒȐ Ȑ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȍ
©ȔȈȘȒȐȏȣª ș ȏȈȋȕțȚȣȔȐ ȗȖȓȖȏȤȧȔȐ ȊȏȔȍȚȈȓȐ Ȓȓțȉȣ șȔȍȘȏ-
ȠȍȋȖșȧ șȕȍȋȈ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ ȊȒȖȗȈȕȕȣȍ ț ȊȕțȚ-
ȘȍȕȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȈ
ǷȈȊȍȓ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȐȟ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȚȐșȕțȊ ȏțȉȣ Ƞȍȓ Ȓ șȚȈȘȖȔț
ȌȖȔț Ƕȕ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȊȖȘȖȚȈ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ DzȈȏȈȟȍȒ
ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ț ȕȍȋȖ Ƞțȉț Ȑ ȠȈȗȒț Ȑ țȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈ ȌțȉȖȊțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȈ ȗȘȖșȧȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ
Ǫ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȧȘȒȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȖȔ ȏȈȓȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȠțȔȕȖ Ȑ ȚȍșȕȖ.
ǪȍșȍȓȈȧ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ șȔȍȧȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȧ
Ȑȏ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ Ȋ ȌȘțȋțȦ ǷȖșȘȍȌȐ țȏȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȋȖ
ȏȈȓȈ ș ȋȐȗșȖȊȣȔȐ ȈȔțȘȈȔȐ Ȑ ȉȓȍȌȕȖ-ȘȖȏȖȊȣȔȐ ȋȐȘȓȧȕȌȈ-
ȔȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȍ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȍȓȒȈ țȊȍȠȈȕȕȈȧ ȏȖȓȖȟȍȕȣȔȐ ȖȘȍȝȈ-
ȔȐ ȘȈșȗȐșȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȧȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȒȘȣȔșȒȐȔȐ ȧȉȓȖȒȈȔȐ ȉțȔȈȎ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȔȐ Ȑ ȜȖȕȈȘȐȒȈȔȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȔȍȘȞȈȓȐ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȐȍ ȗȓȖȠȒȐ Ǫ ȒȈȕȌȍȓȧȉȘȈȝ Ȑ ȓȦșȚȘȈȝ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȒȖȗȚȧ ȋȖȘȍ-
ȓȐ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȊȖșȒȖȊȣȍ șȊȍȟȐ
ǩȍȓȣȍ ȓȖșȐȕȣ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ ȉȖȋȈȚȖȍ ȠȐȚȤȍ Ȑȝ ȜȖȘȔȍȕȕȣȝ
ȘȍȑȚȜȘȈȒȖȊ ȗȣȠȕȣȍ ȒȐșȚȐ ȠȈȘȜȖȊ ȗȈȓȈȠȐ Ȑ șȈȉȓȐ, ȘȈȏ-
ȊȍȊȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȗȍȘȤȧ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȖȒ ȗȘȐȎȈȚȣȝ ȓȖȒȚȍȔ Ȓ ȓȍȊȖȔț ȉȖ-
Ȓț ȕȈȗȖȔȈȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȟȍșȒȐ ș ȝȖȝȓȈȔȐ ȉȘȐȚȣȍ șȔȍȓȣȍ ȓȐ-
ȞȈ ȊȣșȖȒȐȍ ȉȍȓȖșȕȍȎȕȣȍ ȎȐȓȍȚȣ Ȑ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȒȐ șȚȈȚșȒȐȝ
ȘȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȍ ȜȘȈȒȐ ȟțȓȒȐ ȚțȜȓȐ ș ȉȈȕȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȧȎȒȈȔȐ,
ȓȖȘȕȍȚȣ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȐȍ ȧȝȖȕȚȈȔȐ Ȑ șȔȈȘȈȋȌȈȔȐ ȚȈȉȈȒȍȘȒȐ
ȚȘȖșȚȐ ș ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔȐ ȕȈȉȈȓȌȈȠȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȖȠȍȓȖȔȐȓȐ Ȑ Ȗșȓȍ-
ȗȐȓȐ ǹȖȜȘȖȕȖȊȈ
ǯȈșȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȑȚȐ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȏȊțȒ ȌțȝȖȊȖȋȖ ȖȘȒȍșȚȘȈ
ǩȖȒȖȊȣȍ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȕȖ-
Ȋȣȍ ȗȈȘȣ ǬȖȘȖȌȕȣȍ ȒȘȈșȈȊȞȣ ș ȉȘȐȚȣȔȐ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȣȔȐ
ȓȐȞȈȔȐ ș ȝȐȚȘȣȔȐ ȕȍȐșȒȘȍȕȕȐȔȐ țȓȣȉȒȈȔȐ Ȋ ȗȘȍțȊȍȓȐ-
ȟȍȕȕȖ Ȑȏȧȡȕȣȝ ȜȘȈȒȈȝ Ȑ ȗȈȕȚȈȓȖȕȈȝ Ȋ ȚțȜȓȧȝ ș ȊȣșȖȒȐ-
ȔȐ ȞȊȍȚȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȉȓțȒȈȔȐ ȊȈȎȕȖ ȊȍȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒț ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȝ

93
ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ǻ ȕȐȝ ȉȣȓȐ țȏȒȐȍ ȓȍȋȒȐȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȧ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ Ȗȉ-
ȓȍȋȈȦȡȐȍ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȍ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ ȉȍȌȘȈ ȕȐȏȒȐȍ ȊȣȘȍȏȣ ȖȚȒȘȣ-
ȊȈȓȐ ȋȘțȌȤ Ȑ ȗȓȍȟȐ Ȑȏȧȡȕȣȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȣ Ȋȣ-
șȖȒȖ ȊȏȉȐȚȣȔȐ ȓȖȒȖȕȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȟȍșȖȒ
Ǫ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȗȈȘȍ Ƞȍȓ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȖșȈȕȐșȚȣȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ ș ȌȖȉȘȖ-
ȌțȠȕȖ-ȓțȒȈȊȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȑ ȖȗȐȘȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȚȖȓșȚțȦ ȚȘȖșȚȤ Ȋȍȓ
ȦȕțȦ ȌȍȊțȠȒț
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȍ Ȑ ȘȖȚ ȊȐȌȍȓ ǹȖȜȘȖȕȖȊ
Ǫ ȏȘȈȟȒȈȝ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖȋȖ ȖȎȐȌȈ-
ȕȐȧ Ȑ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȧ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ, ȉțȌȚȖ ȥȚȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ șȔȖȚ-
ȘȐȚ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑ șȚȍȕȣ ȌȖȔȈ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȕȈ-
ȌȊȐȋȈȍȚșȧ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȍ Ȑ ȎȍȓȈȕȕȖȍ
ǶȕȈ ȠȓȈ șȘȍȌȐ ȘȈșșȚțȗȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȗȘȍȌ ȕȍȦ ȋȖșȚȍȑ Ȑ ȍȍ
ȋțȉȣ ȒȘȐȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȋȖȘȤȒțȦ ȕȍțȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȕțȦ țȓȣȉȒț
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ț ȍȓȒȐ Ȑ ȖȗȐȘȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȗȈȓȒț ȕȐȏȒȖ
ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȔ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș
— ǷȖ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȔț ȘțșșȒȖȔț ȈȒȚȍȘșȒȖȔț ȖȉȣȟȈȦ Ȋ ȗȖȓțȕȖȟȤ
șȖȟȍȓȤȕȐȒȈ ȋȖșȚȐ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȍ ȋȖșȚȐ ȏȕȈȚȕȣȍ ȐȔȍȕȐȚȣȍ ȓȦ-
ȌȐ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȍ șȍȔȤȧ ȗȘȐȌȊȖȘȕȣȝ ȈȒȚȍȘȖȊ ȋȖșțȌȈȘȍȊȣȝ ȗȖȒ-
ȓȖȕȖȔ-ȟȍșȚȣȖ, ȝȓȍȉȖȔ-șȖȓȤȦ ȊȐȕȖȔ-ȊȍșȍȓȤȍȔ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȚ
ǪȍȓȐȟȈȊȣȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȣȗȘȧ-
ȔȐȓșȧ ȓțȒȈȊȖ țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȖȋȓȧȌȍȓȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȚȖșȒțȦȡȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ țȚȖȔ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ:
— ǹȈȔȣȑ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȈȒȚȍȘ ȝȓȍȉȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȖȔ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȚȖȔ ȊȈș
ȋȖșȚȐ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȍ ȗȖȌȈȘȐȓ Ȉ ȗȖ ȖȉȣȟȈȦ ȐșȒȖȕȕȖȔț șȈȔȈȧ ȔȖ-
ȓȖȌȈȧ Ȑȏ ȈȒȚȍȘșȒȖȑ ȉȘȈȚȐȐ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȊȍșȍȓȤȍȔ ȏȈȉȈȊȖȑ ȓȈș-
ȒȖȑ ȎȍȕșȒȖȦ ȗȖȚȍȠȐȚȤ ǭȓȒȈ ȔȖȝȕȈȚȈȧ ȗȓȖȠȒȐ șȊȍȚȓȣȍ,
ȖȋȕȐ ȗȖȚȍȠȕȣȍ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ șțșȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȠțȚȒȐ ȌȈ șȔȍȝȐ ȏȈȉȈ-
Ȋȣ-ȗȘȐȉȈțȚȒȐ — Ȋșȍ Ȍȓȧ ȊȈș
ǰ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȧ ȥȚȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȗȖȠȓȈ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ǹȖ-
ȜȘȖȕȖȊȈ ǺȖȚ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕȐȚȤșȧ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ Ȓ ȕȍȔț
Ȑ ȊȏȧȊ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒț ȗȖȊȍȓȈ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȏȈȓȐȚȣȝ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȒȖȔȕȈȚ Ȋ
ȒȘȈȑȕȦȦ ȔȈȓțȦ ȏȈȓț ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓșȧ ȊȐȌ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤ ș
ȚȍȈȚȘȖȔ Ȑ țȝȖȌȧȡȍȑ ȊȋȓțȉȤ ȗȈȘȒȈ Ȉȓȓȍȍȑ
ǵȈ ȐȏȖȋȕțȚȖȑ ȒȖȏȍȚȒȍ ȖȕȐ șȍȓȐ ǹȖȜȘȖȕȖȊ ȎȌȈȓ
— Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȍȌȍȚ" — ȋȖȘȧȟȐȔ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ Ȑ ȚȘȖ-
ȕțȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȖ

94
— ǷȘȐȍȌȍȚ — ȚȊȍȘȌȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǹȖȜȘȖȕȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ
— ǷȘȐȍȌȍȚ
— ǵȍȚ ǵȍȚ, — ȏȈȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ — Ǫșȍ ȚȡȍȚȕȣ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ
Ƕȕ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ ǰ ȎȌț ȧ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȋȖȌ
ȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ǬȓȐȕȕȈȧ ȞȍȗȤ ȓȍȚ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȦ Ȉ ȍȋȖ
Ȋșȍ ȕȍȚ ǭșȓȐ Ȓ ȗȖȓțȕȖȟȐ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȉțȌȍȚ Ȋșȍ ȒȖȕȟȍȕȖ ȚȖ-
ȋȌȈ Ȍȓȧ ǴȈȘȐȐ...
— ǿȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ" — ȉȍȏȏȊțȟȕȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǹȖȜȘȖȕȖȊ
— Ǩȝ — ȏȈșȚȖȕȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ Ȑ ș ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȍȔ ȏȈȓȖȔȐȓȈ ȘțȒȐ
șȎȈȊ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȚȈȒ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȝȘțșȚȕțȓȐ
— Ƕȕ ȘȈȏȋȕȍȊȈȓșȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȧ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȒȚȖ
Ȗȕ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȖȔ șȖȓȕȞȍȔ ȉȣȓ ȔȖȐȔ șȟȈ-
șȚȤȍȔ ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȋȘȈȜ ȠțȚȧ ȕȈȏȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȖȉȔȈ-
ȕțȚȤ ȍȋȖ șȒȘȣȚȤ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȦ ȍȋȖ ȐȔȧ ǯȈ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȋȕȍ-
ȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȚȈȒ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ" ǵȈȠȐ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ
ȕȈȠȐ șțȌȤȉȣ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȕȖ ȔȐȓȖșȚȤ ȊȍȓȐȒȈȧ—ȍȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ǯȈ
ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȋȕȍȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒ ȌȖȓȋȖ"
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ șȒȖȘȉȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ ǹȖȜȘȖȕȖȊȈ Ȑ
șȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓȈ ȋțȉȣ Ȋ ȋȖȘȤȒțȦ țȓȣȉȒț șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȑ ȖȉȐ-
ȌȣǶȉȈ ȖȕȐ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȝ ȏȈȓȈȝ ȘȈȏȌȈȓȐșȤ ȒȘȐ-
ȒȐ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȖșȒȓȐȞȈȕȐȧ Ȑ șȔȍȝ șȔȖȓȒȓȐ ȌȖ ȕȐȝ ȌȖȕȍșșȧ
ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȉȖȑ ȟȈșȖȊ.
— ǷȖȓȕȖȟȤ ȗȖȓȕȖȟȤ! — țșȓȣȠȈȓ ǹȖȜȘȖȕȖȊ șȚȘȈșȚȕȣȑ,
ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȧ ȠȍȗȖȚ
Ƕȕ Ȗȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ ǴȈȘȐȐ Ȋ ȏȈȓȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ǽȖȓȖȌ ȡȐȗȈȓ ȍȔț ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȑ ȊȖȓȕȖȑ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȗȖ
șȗȐȕȍ ǹȖȜȘȖȕȖȊ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȗțșȚȣȕȕțȦ ȈȓȓȍȦ Ȑ ȗȓȖ-
ȡȈȌȤ
Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȈȓ
ǷȈȊȍȓ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȐȟ ȎȌȈȓ ȍȋȖ Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȍȌȍȚ Ȑ
ȎȌȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ Ȑ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ
Ǫ ȌȈȓȤȕȐȝ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈȝ țȎȍ șȚȐȝȈȓȈ ȔțȏȣȒȈ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȍ țȋȈ-
șȈȓ ȒȖșȚȍȘ Ȑ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ șȈȕȍȑ șȚȖȧȓȖ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȊȍșȈȔȐ ǫȖșȚȐ ȘȈ-
ȏȢȍȏȎȈȓȐșȤ
ǹȖȜȘȖȕȖȊ șȚțȗȈȓ ȗȖ șȒȘȐȗțȟȐȔ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȞȈȔ Ȑ ȏȈȌȍȊȈȧ ȏȈ
ȏȈȋȕțȊȠȐȍșȧ ȒȘȈȧ șȚȈȘȣȝ ȒȖȊȘȖȊ ȐșȒȈȓ ǴȈȘȐȦ
Ǫ ȉȖȒȖȊȣȝ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈȝ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ Ȋ ȒȈȘȚȣ ȒȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȌȖȔȐȕȖ; Ȋ

95
ȉțȜȍȚȕȖȑ ȉȘȈȎȕȐȟȈȓȐ ȏȈ ȒȘțȋȓȣȔȐ șȚȖȓȈȔȐ ȖȉȔȍȕȐȊȈȧșȤ
ȉȍȏȏȈȉȖȚȕȣȔȐ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȔȐ ȘȍȟȈȔȐ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȠțȔȕȖ Ȑ ȊȍșȍȓȖ
ǺȈȔ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȋȐȚȈȘȈȝ ȞȣȋȈȕȍ Ȑ ȗȍȓȐ ȝȖȘȖȔ ȏȈțȕȣȊ-
ȕȣȍ ȌȐȒȐȍ ȗȍșȕȐ
ǺȖȓșȚȣȑ ȊȍȓȤȔȖȎȈ Ȋ șȐȕȍȔ ȜȘȈȒȍ Ȑ ȒȘțȎȍȊȕȖȔ ȎȐȓȍȚȍ
ȗȖȓțȓȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ șȖȜȍ Ȑ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ țȕȐȏȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȈȓȔȈȏȕȣȔȐ
ȗȍȘșȚȕȧȔȐ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȓ Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓ ȏȖȓȖȚțȦ ȚȈȉȈȒȍȘȒț Ǿȣ-
ȋȈȕȍ ȟȐȕȕȖ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȕȈ șȚțȓȤȧȝ ȗȖȌ șȚȍȕȖȑ Ȉ ȗȖșȘȍȌȐ ȒȖȔ-
ȕȈȚȣ ȕȈ ȒȖȊȘȍ șȚȖȧȓȈ ǴȈȘȐȧ
ǾȣȋȈȕȍ ȟțȚȤ ȚȘȖȋȈȓȐ șȚȘțȕȣ ȋȐȚȈȘ Ȉ ȊȍșȤ ȝȖȘ ȊȗȖȓȋȖ-
ȓȖșȈ ȖȚȘȣȊȈȧ ȒȈȎȌȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ ȗȍȓ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔțȦ ǹȖȜȘȖȕȖȊț
ȗȍșȕȦ
— ǾȣȋȈȕȈ Ȋ ȗȖȓȍ ȊȖȓȧ ȏȊȈȓȈ
ǰ ȌȈ-a ȠȐȘȖ-Ȗ-ȒȈȧ,
— ǾȣȋȈȕȒȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȘȊȈȓȈ
ǰ ȌȈ-Ȉ ȋȓțȉȖ-Ȗ-ȒȈȧ
ǰ ȗȖȌ ȥȚȐ ȚȐȝȐȍ ȕȈȗȍȊȣ ȗȖȌ ȘȖȒȖȟțȡȐȍ ȏȊțȒȐ șȚȘțȕ
ǴȈȘȐȧ ȚȈȕȞȍȊȈȓȈ
ǺȐȝȖ șȚțȗȈȧ ȗȖ ȒȖȊȘț ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ Ȋ ȊȖșȝȐȡȍȕȐȐ șȒȓȈȌȣ-
ȊȈȓȈ ȘțȒȐ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ Ȑ ȏȈȒȐȌȣȊȈȓȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȏȈȔȐȘȈȧ Ȋ
ȔȖȓȐȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȥȒșȚȈȏȍ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȖȕȈ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȘȈșȒȈȟȐȊȈȓȈșȤ
Ȋ ȚȈȒȚ ȖȚȘȣȊȖȟȕȣȝ șȓȖȊ ȗȍșȕȐ ȊȣȚȧȕțȊ ȘțȒȐ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ, Ȑ ș
ȗȖȒȖȘȕȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȘȈȉȣȕȐ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȒȖȔț-ȚȖ ȊȍȓȐȟȍ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖȔț Ȑ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȌȖȉȘȖȔț ȒȚȖ ȏȊȈȓ ȍȍ
ǾȣȋȈȕȍ-ȋȐȚȈȘȐșȚȣ ȘȍȏȒȐȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓȐ ȔȖȚȐȊ
Ȑ ȏȈȐȋȘȈȓȐ țȎȍ ȋȘȖȔȟȍ Ȑ ȟȈȡȍ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȊșȗȓȍșȕțȓȈ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȘȊȈȕțȓȈșȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ǪȐȝȘȤ
șȚȘȈșȚȕȣȝ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȑ ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȝ ȓȈșȒ Ȑ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȖȊ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȉȓȈ-
ȎȍȕșȚȊȈ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȑ ȕȍȋȐ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȐ ȚȖȕȒȖȋȖ
șȚȈȕȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȝ ȍȍ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȘțȒ
ǶȕȈ ȗȓȧșȈȓȈ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȖȒȈ ȏȊțȒȐ șȚȘțȕ Ȑ ȕȈȗȍȊȖȊ ȕȍ șȌȍ-
ȓȈȓȐșȤ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȏȈțȕȣȊȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȖȚȘȣȊȐșȚȣȔȐ ǺȖȋȌȈ ǴȈȘȐȧ
Ȋșȧ țȊȧȓȈ ȖȗțșȚȐȓȈșȤ ș ȓȐȞȖȔ ȖȏȈȘȍȕȕȣȔ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ ȔȖȓȤ-
ȉȖȑ ș ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȔȐ ȖȚ șȓȍȏ ȖȕȈ țȗȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȑ
ȗȘȐȎȈȊȠȐșȤ Ȓ ȟȤȐȔ-ȚȖ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȔ șȚȖȗȈȔ ȋȖȘȧȟȖ șȚȘȈșȚ-

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ȕȖ ȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ
— ȇ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ ȇ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ
ǹȖȜȘȖȕȖȊ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǴȈȘȐȐ ȗȖȔȍȘȒȓȐ ȏȕȈȒȖ-
ȔȈȧ ȋȖȘȤȒȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȏȈȒȖȗȖȠȐȓȈșȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȋțȉ Ȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ
ȖȉȊȍȌȧ ȊșȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȦȡȐȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȓȈșȤ ș ȗȖȓȈ Ȑ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ ȘȍȏȒȐȔ Ȑ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— ȅ ǵȍ Ȋșȍ ȓȐ ȘȈȊȕȖ" ǪȐȕȈ
Dz ȕȍȑ ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȓ ȞȣȋȈȕ Ȑ ȗȖȌȈȓ ȒțȉȖȒ ș ȗȍȕȧȡȐȔșȧ ȠȈȔ-
ȗȈȕșȒȐȔ Ȉ ȖȕȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȣȗȐȊ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ
— ǷȓȧșȖȊțȦ ȜȈȘȈȖȕȣ
ǹȖȜȘȖȕȖȊț ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȊȌȘțȋ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ Ȑ ȟȚȖ
ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȊȤȍȚșȧ ȉȍȓȖȍ ȖȉȓȈȒȖ Ȑ ȔȈȠțȚ ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ
ȕȈȓȍȚȍȊȠȐȍ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȉȍȓȖșȕȍȎȕȣȍ ȗȚȐȞȣ

97
— ǩțȌȍȚ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ ǴȈȘȐȧ Ȑ ȒȐȕțȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȊȍȓȤȔȖȎȍ Ȗȉ-
ȕȧȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȠȍȦ Ȑ Ȟȍȓțȧ Ȋ ȎȐȘȕțȦ ȉȘȐȚțȦ ȡȍȒț șȔȍȧșȤ Ȑ
ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȧ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȖȚ șȔȍȝȈ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȖȚ ȘȣȌȈȕȐȑ ȗȘȖșȐȓȈ
— DzȖȕȍȑ șȈȔȣȝ ȉȣșȚȘȣȝ șȈȔȣȝ ȉȣșȚȘȣȝ Ȑ țȔȟȐ Ȕȍȕȧ
țȔȟȐ
— dzȈȌȕȖ ȔȖȧ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȈ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȡțȘȧ
ȏȈ șȚȍȒȓȈȔȐ ȓȖȘȕȍȚȈ ȉȓȐȏȖȘțȒȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ
Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȐȋ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȘȈȏȌȊȐȕțȓȈșȤ ȌȘȈȗȐȘȖȊȒȈ Ȑ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖ-
ȋȍ ȊȣȘȖșȓȈ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȋ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȔ Ȕțȕ-
ȌȐȘȍ dzȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ Ȉ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȋȖȘȌȖ ȏȈȒȐȕțȚȈ
ǷȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȐ ȗȖ ȓȍȎȈȡȍȑ Ȋ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧȝ
șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȍ ȗȖ ȒțȉȒț Ȋ ȍȍ ȘțȒȍ Ȑ ȗȍșȚȘȈȧ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȧ
ȊȕȖȊȤ ȗȖȊȐșȓȈ ȓȐȠȤ ȒȖȓȣȝȕțȊȠȐșȤ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȔȐȔȖȓȍȚȕȣȑ
ȊȍȚȍȘȖȒ ȗȘȖȉȘȈȓșȧ șȦȌȈ Ȑ ȠȈȓȖȊȓȐȊȖ ȚȘȖȕțȓ ȔȧȋȒȐȑ ȠȍȓȒ
ǹȖȜȘȖȕȖȊ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȣȍ ȒȘȐȒȐ țȉȍȋȈȊȠȍȑ ȌȍȊțȠ-
ȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ ȏȈ ȕȍȦ Ƕȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȍ ȉȓȍȌȕțȦ Ȑ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȟ-
ȕțȦ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ țȎȍ șȉȍȋȈȓȈ ȗȖ ȠȈȚȒȐȔ șȚțȗȍȕȧȔ ȕȈ ȗȓȖ-
ȡȈȌȤ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȚȍȈȚȘ Ȑ ȋȌȍ ȊȏȔȍȚȈȧ ȖȉȓȈȒȖ șȕȍȋȈ ȔȟȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȍ șȈȕȐ ȊȏȓȍȚȈȧ ȕȈ ȔȖșȚ
ǴȈȘȐȧ ȗȘȐȎȈȊ ȘțȒȐ Ȓ ȋȘțȌȐ șȉȍȎȈȓȈ ș ȉȍȘȍȋȈ Ȑ ȗȖȠȓȈ
ȗȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȔț șȕȍȋț ȗȖȒȘȣȊȠȍȔț ǵȍȊț ǷȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȦ șȊȍȘȒȈ-
ȓȈ șȚȘțȧ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȘȏȠȍȑ ȊȖȌȣ Ȑ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȐșȚȣȝ ȉȓȐȒȈȝ ȕȈ
ȖȌȐȕ ȔȐȋ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȏȈȔȈȧȟȐȓȈ ȟțȚȤ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖȑ ȚȍȕȤȦ
ǬȖȓȋȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȍȑ ȊșȓȍȌ ǹȖȜȘȖȕȖȊ ȕȖ ȕȈȌ ȗȍȘȍȓȐȊȈȦ-
ȡȍȑșȧ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ Ȑ șȍȘȍȉȘȖȔ ȊȖȌȖȦ ȓȐȠȤ ȒȓțȉȐȓȈșȤ ȔȖȘȖȏ-
ȕȈȧ ȐșȗȈȘȤ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȖȗȈȌȈȓȈ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȔ ȚțȔȈȕȖȔ
Ƕȕ Ȗȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȚȍȈȚȘȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȌȖȔ ș ȏȈȒȖȓȖȟȍȕȕȣȔ
ȊȝȖȌȖȔ Ȑ ȊȖȘȖȚȈȔȐ șȚȖȧȓ ȚȍȔȕȣȑ Ȑ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȑ ǭȋȖ ȖȒȕȈ ȋȓȧ-
ȌȍȓȐ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȉȍȓȣȑ șȕȍȋ ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȗȖȓ-
ȏȓȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȐȏȊȐȓȐșȚȣȍ ȏȔȍȐ Țȍȕȍȑ ȖȚȉȘȈșȣȊȈȍȔȣȝ ȊȍȚ-
ȊȧȔȐ ȗȘȐȉȘȍȎȕȣȝ ȓȐȗ
ǪȌȈȓȐ ȗȖ Ȉȓȓȍȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖ ȋțȌȧ șȊȍȘȒȈȓ ȎȍȓȚȣȔȐ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȔȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ
DzȖȋȌȈ ǷȈȊȍȓ ǹȍȔȍȕȖȊȐȟ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȗȕ ȏȈȎȍȋ ȥȓȍȒ-
ȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȕȍ șȕȐȔȈȧ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ Ȑ ȠȈȗȒȐ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȒȕȐȋȍ
«Le chevalier de l’Aubelª ȓȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȖȔ șȚȖȓȍ ȗȖȌ
ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔ ȒțșȒȖȔ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȈ ȕȖ ǹȖȜȘȖȕȖȊ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ ȐșȒȈȓ ȏȈ-
ȗȐșȒț Ǫ ȚȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȋȌȍ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȗȕ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȓȐȠȤ ȔȍȓȒȐȍ

ǸǹǮDz ǮȀǮǺǮǻǮ ǼȅdzǾdzȀǮ

101
ȗȖȉȍșȍȌțȑȚȍ ș ȥȚȐȔ șȐȕȤȖȘȖȔ
Ƕȕ ȚȒȕțȓ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȘțȒț ȚȖȓșȚțȦ ȟȍȘȕțȦ șȐȋȈȘț ȏȈȎȍȋ șȗȐȟ-
Ȓț Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȎȌȈȊ ȗȖȒȈ ȧ ȏȈȒțȘȐȓ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș șȐȕȤȖȘȖȔ ǩȖȊȐ
șȔȍȠȓȐȊȣȔ ȚȖȓșȚȧȒȖȔ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȋ șȖșȍȌȕȦȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț
— ǹȐȕȤȖȘ ǰȊȈȕȕȖ Ȋȣ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȘțșșȒȐȑ" — ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ
ȊȣȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȧ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕșȒȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȍȓȖȒțȘȣȑ
ȋȐȋȈȕȚ
ǯȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ ȧ ȚțȚ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ șțȌȈȘȤ ǵȍ șȚȘȖȑȚȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ
ȧ ȍȔț ȌțȘȈȒȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȟȐȒ ǰȊȈȕȣ ȉȣȊȈȦȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ
Ƕȕ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȒȈȒ ȊșȒȖȟȐȚ ȒȈȒ ȖȉȕȐȔȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȕȈ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ Ȓ ȋȘțȌȐ ȎȔȍȚ ǻȎ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȌȦȎ ȧ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȚȖ
ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑ ȒȘȍȗȖȒ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȖȘȚȈȝ Ȑ ȗȖ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȖȔ-
ȕȧȚ ȟȍșȚȕȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ șțȌȈȘȤ
 Ȉ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȏȈȌȖȝșȧ ǺȈȒȈȧ ȔȈȠȐ-
ȕȈ ǰ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȍ ȓȐ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȟȐȒ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ ȌțȘȈȒ ǯȈ-
ȕȐȔȈȓșȧ Ȗȕ Ȋ ǸȐȔȍ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȍ ȋȌȍ Șȣȓșȧ ȒȈȒ
ȒȘȖȚ Ȋ șȚȈȘȣȝ ȗȣȓȤȕȣȝ Ȑ, ȗȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ șțȌȈȘȤ ȕȐȒȖ-
Ȕț ȕȈ ȞȍȓȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȣȝ ȉțȔȈȋȈȝ Ȑ ȒȕȐȋȈȝ Ǫ țȟȍȕȣȍ
ȊȐȌȕȖ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓșȧ ȝȖȚȧ ȍȔț ȒțȌȈ ȉȣ ȓțȟȠȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤșȧ
ȉȖȘȞȖȔ ȐȓȐ ȔȖȘȧȒȖȔ ǶȚȓȐȟȕȣȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȉȣȓ ǴȖ-
ȓȖȌȟȐȒ ȊȌȖșȚȈȓȤ ȕȈȖȉȕȐȔȈȊȠȐșȤ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȚȈȒțȦ ȠȚțȒț ȘȈș-
șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ
— ǯȕȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ Ȋȣ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȟȚȖ Ȋ  ȋ Ȋ ǿȍȘȕȖȔ ȔȖȘȍ
ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ țșȚȤȧ ǬȕȍșȚȘȈ ȉȣȓ ȉȖȑ ǬȘȈȓșȧ ȚȈȔ șȓȈȊȕȣȑ
ȒȈȏȈȞȒȐȑ ȈȚȈȔȈȕ ǶșȚȈȗ ǶȟȍȘȍȚ ǹȈȠ ȒȖȠȍȊȖȑ ©ȉȈȚȤȒȈª
ǭȔȍȓȤȧȕ ǹȈȋȈȑȌȈȟȕȣȑ ȗȖșȓȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȓȖȊȐȚȤ ȗȓȣȊȠȍȋȖ Ȑȏ
ǪȖȓȖȠȐȕȣ ȝȈȕȈ ǻȘȦȔȒȈȧ Ǫȍȏ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȝȈȕ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȏȖȓȖȚȈ Ȑ
șȈȔȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȝ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ ȖȚȕȧȊ Ȑȝ ț ȕȍȗȖȒȖȘȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȓȖȠșȒȖȋȖ
ȋȖșȗȖȌȈȘȧ ǩȈȘȔțșȈ ǶȟȍȘȍȚ ȗȍȘȍȓȖȊȐȓ ǻȘȦȔȒȈȧ Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȌȈȓȤ-
ȕȐȝ șȓȖȊ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȈȉȖȘȌȈȎ
ǶȌȕȐȝ ȚȈȚȈȘ ȏȈȘțȉȐȓ ȌȘțȋȐȍ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȗȖȚȖȕțȓȐ Ȉ șȈȔȖȔț
ȝȈȕț ǶșȚȈȗ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȓ ȊȍȘȍȊȒț Ȓ Ƞȍȍ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȔȍȘȚ-
Ȋȣȑ ȧȒȖȘȤ ǷȖȒȈ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍȋȘțȎȈȓ ȊȍșȤ ȒȓȈȌ ș ȚȈȚȈȘșȒȖȋȖ ȉȘȐȋȈ
ȕȈ șȊȖȦ ©ȟȈȑȒțª ȚȈȒ ȏȊȈȓȐ ȏȈȗȖȘȖȎȞȣ ȉȖȍȊȣȍ ȗȈȘțșȕȣȍ
ȉȈȘȒȈșȣ
 ȕȈȓȍȚȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȖȚșȚȈȊȠȐȑ ȖȚ ȝȈȕȈ ȖȚȘȧȌ ȈȋȈ ǵȈ-
ȏȐȧ ǷȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȚțȚ șțȌȈȘȤ Ȋȣ ȔȖȑ ȈȚȈȔȈȕț ȚțȋȖ dzȐȉȖ ȗȖ-
ȏȖȘ ȓȐȉȖ șȔȍȘȚȤ Ǫȏȧȓ Ȗȕ ȌȈ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȗȐȓ șȊȖȦ ȟȈȑȒț șȖ Ȋșȍ-
ȔȐ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȈȔȐ ȝȈȕșȒȐȔȐ ȌȈ Ȑ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ

102
— Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȍȔȓȧȒ
 ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ȏȈ-
ȕȧȚȕȣȑ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ"
— ǸȈșșȒȈȏ — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ — ȒȈȒ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ǵȍ șȖȊȘț ȖȌȕȈȒȖ
ȟȚȖ Ȑȏ ȏȈȕȧȚȕȣȝ Ǩ ȕȍ ȊȣȌțȔȒȈ" — șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȦ
— DzȈȒȈȧ ȊȣȌțȔȒȈ — ȒȘȐȟȐȚ ȔȖȓȖȌȟȐȒ — Ǫ ǪȈȚȐȒȈȕȍ Ȋ
ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȍ ȕȈȠȍȓ șȚȈȘȣȑ-ȗȘȍșȚȈȘȣȑ ȗȍȘȋȈȔȍȕȚ ȋȌȍ Ȋșȧ ȥȚȈ
ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ ȘȈșȗȐșȈȕȈ
— ǶȚȓȐȟȕȖ — ȋȖȊȖȘȦ — Ȉ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ-ȚȖ ȚțȚ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ"
ǵț Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȏȍȔȓȧȒ ǹțșȓȖȊȣȔ ǷȍȚȘȖȔ ǭȋȖȘȣ-
ȟȍȔ ȏȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ
 ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȍȚ ȔȖȐȔ șȐȕȤȖȘȈȔ ȊȏȧȚȤșȧ
ȏȈ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ Ȑ ȌȖȉȣȚȤ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȑ ȒȓȈȌ ǶȟȍȘȍȚȖȊȖȑ ©ȟȈȑȒȐª
ǰ ȗȓȈȕ șȊȖȑ ȐȏȓȖȎȐȓ ǷȖȌȕȐȔȍȔ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ — șțȌȕȖ ȖȚ-
ȊȍȌȍȔ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȔȍȓȤ, ȋȌȍ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚșȧ țȎȍ ȘȍȟȕȈȧ ȌȍȓȤȚȈ Ȑ ȚȈȔ
șȚȈȕȍȔ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȚȤ șțȌȕȖ ǸȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ȌȖȓȋȖ Ȑ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ǪȍȌȤ, ȗȖȌȐ, ȏȈ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȍșȤ ȒȖȘȗțș ȟȈȑȒȐ
ȖȒȈȔȍȕȍȓ ȇ ș ȕȐȔ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ șțȌȈȘȤ ȇ ȊȐȌȣȊȈȓ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ
ȊȍȒț șȚȈȘȣȍ șȊȈȐ Ǫ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ ȖȕȐ Ȋ șȚȖȓȉȣ Ȑȏ
ȒȘȍȔȕȧ
ǷȘȐȠȓȐ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȐȕȤȖȘȣ ǫȈȧȘȌȐ Ȑ ǩȖȕȐ ȌȈ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ
ȧ ȕȍ șȚȈȕț Ȗ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȗțșȚȧȒȈȝ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȊȈȔ
ǹȒȈȎț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȍȔȤ Ȍȕȍȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȈ ȔȖȑ ȌȖȗȖȚȖȗȕȣȑ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ©ǩȍȕȚȖȊȐȕȖª șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ ȧȒȖȘȧȝ
Ȋ  ȔȐȓȧȝ ȖȚ țșȚȤȧ ǬȕȍșȚȘȈ ȕȈ ȚȖȔ șȈȔȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȋȌȍ ȒȈȒ
țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȓ ǹțșȓȖȊ ȈȚȈȔȈȕ ǶȟȍȘȍȚ ȗȖȚȖȕțȓ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȟȈȑȒȖȑ
Ȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ ǵȈ ȉȖȘȚț ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȘȖȔȍ ǷȍȚȘȈ ǭȋȖȘȣȟȈ ȕȈȝȖ-
ȌȐȓșȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕȍȞ ǹȊȈȓȤȉȐȕȐ Ȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ȗȧȚȤȌȍșȧȚ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ Ȑ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȖȊ
ǵȈ ȗȈȓțȉȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȘȦȔȈȝ ȒȐȗȍȓȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ
ǪȖȌȖȓȈȏȣ ȕȈȡțȗȈȓȐ ȏȈȕȍșȍȕȕȣȑ ȐȓȖȔ Ȑ ȖȉȘȖșȠȐȑ ȋȐȌ-
ȘȈȔȐ Ȑ ȚȐȕȖȑ ȖșȚȖȊ ȏȈȚȖȕțȊȠȍȋȖ șțȌȕȈ Ȑ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘ ș ǹțș-
ȓȖȊȣȔ șȖȖȘțȎȈȓȐ ȗȖȌȢȍȔȕȣȑ ȒȍșșȖȕ ǵȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ȕȈș ȕȈȟȐ-
ȕȈȓȈșȤ ȔȍȓȤ Ȑ șȦȌȈ-ȚȖ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȖȚȊȍșȚȐ ȗȖȌȕȧȚțȦ ȟȈȑȒț ǹȊȈ-
ȓȤȉȐȕȐ Ǭȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ șȚȘȖȐȓȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȑ
ȧȡȐȒ Ȑȏ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȝ șȒȓȍȗȣȊȈȍȔȣȝ ȌȘțȋ ș ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȟȈșȚȍȑ Ǿȍ-
ȓȣȍ ȋȘțȌȣ ȎȍȓȍȏȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȊȈȓȍȕȣ ȕȈ ȕȖșț Ȑ ȕȈ ȦȚȍ ȔȖȍȋȖ
©ǩȍȕȚȖȊȐȕȖª Ȑ ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȔȖȚ-
ȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȈȠ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ǵȖ Ȓ șȟȈșȚȤȦ Ȕȣ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ-
ȓȐ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȖȑ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ Ȕȍȓȍȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȔȖȘȧ ȇ șȒȈȏȈȓ —

103
ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȕȍȓȤȏȧ Ȏȍ șȟȐȚȈȚȤ șțȌȈȔȐ Țȍ ȌȊȈ ȗȈȘțșȕȣȝ
ȉȈȘȒȈșȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȍȗȖȌȈȓȍȒț ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ ȓȖȊȓȍȑ ȒȍȜȈȓȐ Ȑ
ȗȘȐȟȈȓȐȊȈȓȐ Ȓ ȏȈȘȖșȠȍȔț ȚȘȖșȚȕȐȒȖȔ Ȑ ȐȊȖȑ ȗȖȓȖȋȖȔț ȉȍ-
Șȍȋț ȗȍșȟȈȕȖȋȖ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȑ ȧȡȐȒ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȋȖȚȖȊ Ȑ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ ȕȖ-
șț ©ǩȍȕȚȖȊȐȕȖª ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȊȣșȚȈȊȓȧȧșȤ ȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȉȖȘȚȈ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ
ȗȍȘȊȖȍ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȍ
Ǵȣ șțȌȈȘȤ șȗțșȒȈȓȐ ȐșȒțșȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ ȚȖȟ-
ȕȖ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȓ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȏȈȚȖȕțȊȠȍȋȖ șțȌȕȈ ǰ ȊȖȚ ȚȖȋȌȈ-
ȚȖ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ Ȕȣ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȔȍȓȖȔ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ȕȈ ȓȍ-
ȊȖȔ ȉȖȘȚț ©ǩȍȕȚȖȊȐȕȖª ©ǻȉȐȘȈȑȚȍșȤ ȗȖȒȈ ȎȐȊȣª
ǵȐȒȖȋȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȘȣȉȈȒȖȊ ȕȈ ȉȈȘȒȈșȈȝ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȕȈ
ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȍ ǷȖȒȈ ȊȖȏȐȓȐșȤ ș ȧȡȐȒȖȔ ȧ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ șȗțșȚȐȚȤ ș
ȚȈȓȍȑ ȠȓȦȗȒț Ȑ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȊ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ ȋȘȍȉȞȖȊ ȕȈ ȊșȧȒȐȑ șȓț-
ȟȈȑ ȗȖȗȓȣȓ Ȓ ȉȈȘȒȈșȈȔ
Ǵȍȕȧ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐ ȘȈȌțȠȕȖ ǷȖȌȈȘȐȓȐ ȒȖȘȏȐȕț șȊȍȎȍȑ Ȓȍ-
ȜȈȓȐ șțȌȈȘȤ ȝȓȖȗȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȗȓȍȟț ǻȌȐȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕ-
șȒȖȔ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȍ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȠȚțȘȔȈȕ Ȑ ȎȍȓȈȓȐ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȋȖ ȗț-
ȚȐ Ȑ țȌȈȟȐ Ȋ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ
ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚ,
ȕȍ ȘȈșșȍȧȊ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȕȐȧ ȗȖ ȗȖȊȖȌț ȕȈȌȗȐșȐ ȗȖȊȣȠȍ ȊȈȚȍȘ-
ȓȐȕȐȐ ©ǩȍȕȚȖȊȐȕȖª ȋȌȍ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȘțșșȒȐȝ ȒȘȖȔȍ ǹțș-
ȓȖȊȈ Ȑ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ Ȕȣ șȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓȐ ȉȣ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȋȓțȗȣȝ Ȑ ȌȍȘȏ-
ȒȐȝ șȓȖȊ"
ǬȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ȊȖȏȐȓȐșȤ Ȕȣ ș ȖȗțșȒȈȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȌȢȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȒȍșșȖȕȈ
ǭȋȖ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȓȐ ȊȖȌȖȑ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȓșȧ ǪȖȌȖȓȈ-
ȏȣ ȌȖȕȍșȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȓȍȋ Ȗȕ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȏȈȚȖȕțȊȠȍȑ ȟȈȑȒȖȑ Ȑ ȊȕȖȊȤ
ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȘȈȉȖȚț
ǵȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ șțȌȈȘȤ ȖȒȖȗȈȚȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ șțȌȕȈ ȔȖȘșȒȖȍ ȌȕȖ
ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȌ ȒȐȓȤ ȗȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȤ ȊȍșȤ Ȗș-
ȚȖȊ ȖȚ ȐȓȈ Ȑ ȚȍȔ ȖȉȓȍȋȟȐȚȤ ȗȖȌȢȍȔ ǷȖȌ ȌȕȖ ȟȈȑȒȐ ȗȖȌȊȍȓȐ
șȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȚȘȖșȣ ȖȗțȚȈȓȐ ȐȔȐ ȊȍșȤ ȒȖȘȗțș șȚȈȘȖȋȖ șțȌȕȈ ȏȈ-
ȝȊȈȚȐȊ ȍȋȖ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȋ șȍȚȤ
ǸȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ǹȔȍȕȈ ȏȈ șȔȍȕȖȑ ȖȗțșȒȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȌȕȖ Ȑ
Ȓ ȊȍȟȍȘț Ȋșȍ ȚȘȖșȣ ȉȣȓȐ țȎȍ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ Ȑ ȏȈȌȍȓȈȕȣ Ȋ
ȒȖȓȤȞȈ ȕȐȎȕȍȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȒȍșșȖȕȈ

104
ǹțșȓȖȊ Ȑ ǹȊȈȓȤȉȐȕȐ ȕȈșȚȈȐȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ
Ȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ șțȌȈȘȤ ȥȚȖ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ
ȇ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȐȏȕțȘȍȕȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȋ ȒȈȒȐȝ
ȗȖșȓȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȕȈ -șȈȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ ȕȍș-
ȟȈșȚȕȣȍ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȣ ǵȐ ȒȘȖȊȐȕȒȐ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ ȔțȚȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ
șȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȒȘȖȊȖȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ Ȑȏ ȕȖșȈ Ȑ țȠȍȑ ǰ ȥȋȖ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ Ȋ ȕȖ-
Ȋȣȝ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈȝ șȖ șȋțȡȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȖȏȌțȝȖȔ ȐȌțȡȐȔ Ȑȏ ȘȍȏȍȘ-
ȊțȈȘȖȊ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȍ Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȉȣ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐ șȚȈȘȖȑ șȐșȚȍȔȍ"
ǹȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȗȖȌțȔȈȚȤ șțȌȈȘȤ ǷȓȖȝȖȍ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȘȍȔȍșȓȖ
ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȈ
— ǰȚȈȒ ȕȈ ȟȍȔ ȧ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȔȖȘȧȒ
Ȑ ȊȖȗȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȇ ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȖ ȕȈȓȐȓ ȍȔț ȗȖȘȚȍȘȈ Ȉ Ȗȕ șȘȈȏț țșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ Ȑ,
ȝȓȖȗȕțȊ șȍȉȧ ȗȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ șȊȖȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ
— ǬȈ ȌȈ ǵț șȓȖȊȖȔ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȉȣȓȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ
ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȌȈȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȌȖȝȕțȚȤ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȍ Dz ȕȖ-
ȟȐ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ șȊȍȎȐȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ǷȖȠȓȈ ȊȣșȖȒȈȧ ȊȖȓȕȈ Ȑ ȕȈș ȗȖ-
ȘȧȌȒȖȔ ȚȘȧȝȕțȓȖ ȉȣ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȕȣ ȕȍ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȟȕȣȝ
ȧȒȖȘȧȝ ǷȘȖȊȍȘȐȊ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȕȖȟȕțȦ ȊȈȝȚț ȧ ȥȚȖ șțȌȈȘȤ Ȋșȍ-
ȋȌȈ ȌȍȓȈȦ
 ȧ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȋ ȒȈȦȚț Ȑ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȏȈșȕțȓ
ǷȘȖșȕțȓșȧ ȧ ȟȈșȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ
©ǩȍȕȚȖȊȐȕȖª ȌȘȖȎȈȓ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȒȍ ȇ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ
șȚȖȐȔ ȕȈ ȔȍȓȒȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ Ȑ ȊȐȕȚ ȊȣȋȘȍȉȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȔȖȟȐ ȇ
Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȉȣȓ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȊșȍȋȖ Ȋ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ șȈȎȍȕȧȝ ȖȚ ȕȈș ȋȖȘȧȚ ȕȈ ȉȈȒȈȕȈȝ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ șȐȋȕȈȓȣ
Ȉ Ȑȏ ȚȘțȉ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ ȊȈȓȧȚ Ȓȓțȉȣ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȌȣȔȈ
— DzȚȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ șȕȧȚȤșȧ ș ȧȒȖȘȧ" — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȧ șȊȖȍȔț
șȚȈȘȠȍȔț ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒț șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ ȠțȔ ȊȖȓȕ Ȑ ȊȖȑ
ȊȍȚȘȈ șȊȐșȚȧȡȍȋȖ Ȑ ȋțȌȧȡȍȋȖ șȘȍȌȐ ȚȈȒȍȓȈȎȈ
— ȇ ȕȍ șȕȐȔȈȓșȧ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖșȍ ȧ ȧșȕȖ
ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȓ ȕȖȚț șȚȘȈȝȈ.
ǵȖ Ȍȓȧ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ ț ȕȈș ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ǪȍȚȘȖȔ Ȑ ȊȖȓ-
ȕȈȔȐ ©ǩȍȕȚȖȊȐȕȖª ȖȚȕȖșȐȓȖ ȕȈ ȔȍȓȤ Ȓ ȌȍȓȤȚȍ ȋȌȍ ȕȈș ȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȓȈ ȒȘțȗȕȈȧ ȈȊȈȘȐȧ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȈȧ ȒȈȚȈ-
șȚȘȖȜȈ
Ǵȣ ȌȈȓȐ șȈȔȣȑ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȝȖȌ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȧ șȖ ȌȕȈ ȊȔȍșȚȍ
ș ȗȍȕȖȑ ȗȍșȖȒ Ȑ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȐ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȕȈ
ȜȈȘȊȈȚȍȘ

105
DzȖȋȌȈ țȎȍ Ȕȣ ȊȣȊȍȓȐ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ ȕȈ ȕȈȌȍȎȕțȦ ȋȓțȉȐȕț Ȑ
ȉȣȓȐ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ȒȘȈșȕȣȝ șȐȋȕȈȓȖȊ ȧ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȚȤ
ȧȒȖȘȧ
dzȍȉȍȌȒȈ ș ȊȐȏȋȖȔ Ȑ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȖȔ ȘȊȈȕțȓȈ ȞȍȗȤ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ș ȓȧȏ-
ȋȖȔ ș ȘȈȏȔȈȝȈ ȗȘȖșȒȖȟȐȊ Ȋ ȒȓȦȏȍȓȧ ȋȘȖȝȕțȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț
— DzȖȔȈȕȌȖȘ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȘ — ȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕșȒȐȍ ȔȈȚȘȖ-
șȣ — DzȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȗȐȓȐȓ ȞȍȗȐ
ǰ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȖȊȕȣȍ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȍ ȘȈȏȘȍȏȣ șȌȍȓȈȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȚȊȍȘȌȣȔ Ȑ ȖșȚȘȣȔ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȐșȤ ȕȈ
ȧȒȖȘȕȣȝ Ȟȍȗȧȝ
Ǭȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȧșȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȌȗȐșȤ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ©ǩȍȕȚȖȊȐ-
ȕȖª Ȑ ȥȚȐ șȊȍȎȐȍ ȘȈȏȘȍȏȣ ȕȈ Ȟȍȗȧȝ — ȌȍȓȖ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑ ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ
ȘțȒȐ
ǵȖ ȒȚȖ ȉȣ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȋ ȉȣȚȤ"
Ǵȣ ș ǹțșȓȖȊȣȔ ȓȖȔȈȓȐ șȍȉȍ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȖ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȚȤ ȕȐ-
ȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ
ȅȚȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȊȍȌȤ Ȑ Ȋȣ șțȌȈȘȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȓȐ"
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȣ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȖȚȣșȒȈȓȐ ȔȍșȚȖ ȕȈ-
Ƞȍȑ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȑ șȚȖȧȕȒȐ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȕȈȠȐ ȧȒȖȘȧ Dz ȕȐȔ
Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȓȐșȤ țȎȍ ȒȈȕȈȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ș țȚȘȈ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚț ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȈȧ ȠȚțȒȈ Ȑ ȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȐ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ
ȕȐ ȗȖȏȎȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȓ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ șȗȖșȖȉ
DzȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕȍȞ ǫȈșȚȐȕȋș ȐȏȖȉȘȍȓ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ Ȕȕȍ
ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ ȚȖȋȌȈ ǹțșȓȖȊ
ǬȍȓȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȔ ȧȡȐȒȍ șȒȓȍȗȈȕȕȖȔ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ
șȚȖȘȖȕ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ ȊȕȐȏț Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȋȖ
ȏȈȋȘțȏȐȓȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȘțȗȕȣȝ ȗȈȘȚȐȑ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȗȖ-
ȘȖȠȒȈ Ȋ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȝ ȉȈȕȒȈȝ ǪȕțȚȘȐ ȧȡȐȒȈ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ȊȖȌȖȑ Ȑȝ ȘȈȏȉȐȓȐ ǷȖȘȖȠȖȒ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȗȈȓ Ȋ ȊȖȌț
ȏȈȒȐȗȍȓ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȊȣȌȍȓȧȚȤ ȋȈȏ ǪȖȌȈ Ȑȏ ȧȡȐȒȈ ȊȣȚȍșȕȧȓȈșȤ
ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȐȎȕȍȍ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ Ȑ ȒȍșșȖȕ ȊșȗȓȣȊȈȓ
ǻȎȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ ȍȋȖ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ
Ǵȕȍ ȌȈȎȍ șȍȑȟȈș ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖ șȍȉȍ șțȌȈȘȤ ȟȍșȚȕȖȍ șȓȖ-
ȊȖ ȇ ȊȈȔ țȎȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ șțȌȈȘȤ ȟȚȖ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȊȖȌț ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȚȤ țȎȍ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȋȖ ȧȡȐȒȈ Ǵȣ Ȋșȍ ȏȕȈ-
ȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ DzȍșșȖȕ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȓșȧ ȋȈȏȖȔ Ȑ ȊșȗȓȣȊȈȓ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȎȍ ȕȈȚȧȕțȓ Ȋșȍ ȚȘȖșȣ ȗȖȌȊȍȌȍȕ-

106
ȕȣȍ ȗȖȌ ȟȈȑȒț Ȉ Ȋ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȔȐȋ Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ
ȍȍ șȖ ȌȕȈ
ǵȖ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊșȒȐȕțȓșȧ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ șȚȖȓȉ ȗȈȘȈ
ȌȣȔȈ Ȑ ȊȖȌȣ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȐ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȐ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȝ ȓȐ-
șȚȖȊ șȖ șȊȐșȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȉȐȟȐ ȊȏȊȐȓȐșȤ ȖȉȘȣȊȒȐ șȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȚȘȖ-
șȖȊ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȏȈȟȍȘȕȍȓ șȘȍȌȐ ȗȍȕȣ Ȑ ȌȖȎȌȧ ȉȘȣȏȋ
ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏ Ȉ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȥȚȐȔ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ țȗȈȓȖ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ǶȌ-
ȕȈȒȖ ȗȖȚȖȒ ȊȖȌȣ Ȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȝ ȒțșȒȖȊ ȎȍȓȍȏȈ țȌȈ-
ȘȐȓȐșȤ Ȗ ȉȖȘȚ ȔȖȍȋȖ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ©ǩȍȕȚȖȊȐȕȖª șȖȘȊȈȓȐ ȖȉȠȐȊ-
Ȓț Ȑ șȓȖȔȈȓȐ ȋȘȖȚ-ȔȈȟȚț
ȅȚȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȌȈȎȍ Ȍȓȧ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȓ șȟȈș-
ȚȤȦ ȗțșȚȧȟȕȈȧ ȈȊȈȘȐȧ Ȑ ȕȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȍȌȈ
ǽțȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ șțȌȈȘȤ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȊȖȍ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȖȊ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ Ȑ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȈ ȌȈȘȖȔ ȗȘȖȗȈȓȐ
ǵȖ ǹțșȓȖȊ Ȑ ǹȊȈȓȤȉȐȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ țȗȘȧȔȣȔȐ ȔȈȓȣȔȐ ǯȕȈȍ-
Țȍ ȓȐ șțȌȈȘȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȐ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȕȐȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȕȈȔȍ-
ȒȐ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǹțșȓȖȊ"
Ƕȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȝȓȖȗȕțȊ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖ ȗȓȍȟț
— ǮȐȏȕȤ țșȓȖȎȕȧȍȚșȧ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ Ȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ șȌȍ-
ȓȈȓȈșȤ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȔ ǪȖȚ Ȑ Ȕȣ șȊȍȓȐ șȟȍȚȣ Ȋ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ ș ȊȘȈȋȖȔ
ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȔ șȓțȟȈȍȔ Ƕȕ ȕȈș ȗȖȉȍȌȐȓ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ
ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ șȖȖȉȡȕȐȒȐ ǵȈȠȐ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȏȈ ȥȚȖ ȟȍȘȚ
țȕȍș ȕȈ ȌȕȖ ȕȈȗțșȚȐȓȐ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ Ȋ ȒȍșșȖȕ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ Ȉ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔ ȕȍȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓȐșȤ șȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ
ȜȖȕȈȘȧȔȐ ǫȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȊȏȘȣȊ ǵȖ
ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȔ Ȕȣ
ǪȖȚ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȉȣȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȋȐȋȈȕȚ ș ȔȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ
ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȇ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȐ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȐȕȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȋȐȉȠȐȍ
ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȣ Ȑ țȉȍȎȌȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ șȚȍȘȚȈȧ ȕȈȌȗȐșȤ
ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ©ǩȍȕȚȖȊȐȕȖª
ǿȍȘȍȏ șțȚȒȐ Ȕȣ ȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ țȎȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ ȏȈȒțȗȐȊ Ȋ ǶȌȍș-
șȍ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȏȈȗȈș Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȝ ȓȐșȚȖȊ Ȑ ȏȈȒȓȍȗȖȒ Ǵȣ ȕȈȠȓȐ
șȊȖȦ ȠȓȦȗȒț ș  ȔȈȚȘȖșȈȔȐ ǰȝ ȖșȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȖȓȚȈȓȖ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȏȣȉȤ șȚȖȧȓȈ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȈȧ
ǴȖȐ ȔȈȚȘȖșȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈȔ Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ
ȒȘțȎȐȊȠȐȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȕȐȝ ȉȈȘȒȈșȣ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȖȚșțȚșȚ-
ȊȐȧ ȊȍȓȐ șȍȉȧ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ǶȕȐ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȗȈȘțșȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȚȖȔ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȒȈȒȐȝ ȕȐȒȚȖ

107
Ȑȏ ȔȖȐȝ ȔȈȚȘȖșȖȊ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȓ DzȓȐȊȍȘȈ Ȑ ȉȖȔ-ȒȓȐȊȍȘȈ ȉȣȓȐ
ȚȈȒȐȍ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓȖșȒȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ Ȉ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȊȣȌȊȐȕț-
Țȣȝ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚ ȒȖșȣȝ ȜȖȒȈ Ȑ ȋȘȖȚȈ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈș-
șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȓȦȌȐ ș ȉȈȘȒȈșȖȊ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȕȕȍ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȉȖȞȔȈȕ ȊȐȌȈȊ-
ȠȐȑ ȊȐȌȣ ȧ ȗȖȕȧȓ șțȌȈȘȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȝȖȟȍȚ Ȕȕȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȒȖȍ-
ȟȚȖ ȕȈȍȌȐȕȍ
Ǫ ȔȖȍȑ ȒȈȦȚȍ Ȗȕ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȖȧșȤ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȚȘț-
șȖȔ Ȑ șȔȍȠȕȣȔ țȊȍȘȧȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȟȚȖ ȓȦȌȐ ș ȉȈȘȒȈșȖȊ șȗțșȒȈ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȌț Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓȐșȤ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ
ȇ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍ țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȓ
ȕȍȓȈȌȕȖȍ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȍ ȌȖȒȓȈȌȈ ȉȖȞȔȈȕȈ ǹțșȓȖȊț
Ȑ ǹȊȈȓȤȉȐȕȐ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕșȒȐȑ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȖ ȔȈȝȕțȓ ȘțȒȖȑ
Ȑ ȖȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ:
— DzȖȔȈȕȌȖȘ ȖȚȘȧȌȐȚ ȊȍȓȤȉȖȚ ș ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȔȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȞȈ-
ȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȋȖȕȐȚ ȉȈȘȒȈșȣ ȗȖȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȖȚ ©ǩȍȕȚȖȊȐȕȖª
— ǷȘȖșȚȐȚȍ șțȌȈȘȤ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ — ǵȖ Ȕȣ ȕȈȝȖ-
ȌȐȔșȧ Ȋ ȘțșșȒȐȝ ȊȖȌȈȝ Ȑ ȏȈ ȊșȧȒȖȍ ȕȈȘțȠȍȕȐȍ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȊ șȚȘȈ-
ȕȣ ȖȚȊȍȟț ȧ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȧ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕ ȊșȚțȗȈȚȤ Ȋ ȗȘȍ-
ȘȍȒȈȕȐȧ ș ȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȑ ȉȈȘȒȈșȖȊ Ȑ ȓȐȠȤ ȔȖȋț ȗȖșȖȊȍȚȖȊȈȚȤ
ȊȈȔ ȚȖȘȖȗȐȚȤșȧ ș ȊȈȠȍȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ Ȑ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈȟȍȒț
DzȖȋȌȈ șȒȓȍȗȈȓȐ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȒȍșșȖȕ Ȑ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȗȖșȓȈȚȤ ȊȖȌȖ-
ȓȈȏȖȊ ȏȈȋȘțȎȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȘȖȠȒȖȔ ȊȣȌȍȓȧȦȡȐȔ ȋȈȏ ȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ
ȟȚȖ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ǹȊȈȓȤȉȐȕȐ ȐȓȐ ǹțșȓȖȊț șȈȔȐȔ șȗțșȚȐȚȤșȧ ș ȊȖ-
ȌȖȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖșȚȤȦ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ
Ǵȕȍ șțȌȈȘȤ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȎȈȓȤ ȥȚȐȝ ȔȖȓȖȌȟȐȒȖȊ ǭșȓȐ
ȉȣ Ȋȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ ǹȈȔȐ ȒȓȍȗȈȓȐ
ȠȗȈȒȓȍȊȈȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȟȍȒȈȕȐȊȈȓȐ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȍ ȓȐșȚȣ dzțȟȠȍ Ȋșȧ-
ȒȖȋȖ ȘȈȉȖȟȍȋȖ ȚȘțȌȐȓȐșȤ
ǹȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ș ȕȐȔȐ Ȑ ȧ ǵȍ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȧ șțȌȈȘȤ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȕȈ
ȒȘȈȉȈ ȗȖȓȏȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȗȖ Ȍȕț ȕȍ ȋȖȌȐȚșȧ ȥȚȖ ȕȈȠȍȔț ȉȘȈȚț-ȔȖ-
ȘȧȒț ȕȖ Ȑȏ ȎȈȓȖșȚȐ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȥȚȖ
ǬțȔȈȦ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȔȍȚȐȚ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ
ȋȓȧȌȐȠȤ — ȕȍțȌȈȟȈ ǷȖȒȈ ȖȕȐ ȊȖȏȐȓȐșȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȒȍșșȖȕȈ ȧ
ȉȘȖȌȐȓ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȏȈȚȖȕțȊȠȍȑ ȟȈȑȒȐ ǻȌȐȊȐȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ șȘȈȏț ȚȖ
ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȚȧ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȘȈșȒȖ-
ȗȈȕȕȖȍ ȌȕȖ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȕȍșȍȕȖ ȐȓȖȔ Ǩ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ

108
ȏȕȈȦ șțȌȈȘȤ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȓȐ ȊȈȔ"
 ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖșȖ-
ȉȍȕȕȖ ȍșȓȐ ȊȉȓȐȏȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȘȍȒȈ ǶȚȖȑȌȧ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȧ ȉȘȖ-
ȌȐȓ șȘȍȌȐ ȝȖȓȔȐșȚȖȋȖ ȌȕȈ ȗțȋȈȧ Șȣȉ Ȑ ȒȘȈȉȖȊ Ȑ ȝȖȚȍȓ țȎȍ
ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ Ȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȕȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȔȖȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȟȍȕȖ ȒȈ-
ȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȔ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȖȔ ȇ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȘțȋ-
ȓȣȑ ȠȈȘ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ țȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȑ ȚȍȘȧȓȐșȤ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȈ Ȗȉ-
ȔȖȚȈȕȕȣȍ ȘȍȏȐȕȖȑ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȔȖȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȓȍȕȚȖȑ.
ȇ țȎȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȏȈ ǹțșȓȖȊȣȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȤ ȍȔț ȔȖȦ ȕȈȝȖȌȒț ȕȖ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȍȘȖȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ
ȕȍ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȦȡȍȍșȧ ȗȖ ȖȒȘȈșȒȍ ȖȚ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȌȕȈ ȠȍȊȍȓȤȕț-
ȓȖșȤ ȏȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȖȉȘȖșȠȐȔ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȧȔȐ ȒȈȔȕȍȔ ǶșȚȈȕȖ-
ȊȐȊȠȐșȤ ȧ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȟȈȓ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ Ȋ Țț șȚȖȘȖȕț Ȑ Ȕȕȍ
ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȐȎț șȒȈȜȈȕȌȘ ȗȘȐȚȈȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȈ
Ǫ Țț Ȏȍ ȔȐȕțȚț Ȕȍȕȧ șȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ șȏȈȌȐ ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȐ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȊȈ-
ȓȐȚȤ
Ǫȣ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ șțȌȈȘȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȚȈȘ Ȑ ȥȚȖ Ȓ șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȦ ȗȘȈȊ-
ȌȈ ǵȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȍȡȍ Ȋ șȐȓȍ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ șțȌȈȘȤ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȦȎȐȍ
ȘțȒȐ Ȉ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ Ȋ șȈȔȣȍ ȘȐșȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȣ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȈ ȉȣ-
șȚȘȖ Ȑ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȝȘȖȕȖȔȍȚȘ ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȓȍȎȈȓ
ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȈȗȈȊȠȐȝ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȖȊ ǭȋȖ ȧ ȖȋȓțȠȐȓ ȏȌȖ-
ȘȖȊȍȕȕȣȔ țȌȈȘȖȔ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȗȈȓȒȖȑ ȗȖ șȒȈȜȈȕȌȘț ǬȘțȋȖȑ
Ȏȍ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȚȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȧȚȈȓșȧ ȏȈ ȒȈȔȕȍȔ Ȗȗȍ-
ȘȍȌȐȊ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ Ȓ ȒȍșșȖȕț
ǷȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊțȧ ȉȍȌț ȗȖȋȕȈȓșȧ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ Ȑ ȧ șțȌȈȘȤ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ
ȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȌȐȕ ȚȧȕȍȚ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȈ Ȑ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ
ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȑ ȠȈȘ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȉȍȋțȡȐȝ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ǹȊȈȓȤȉȐȕȐ Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȉȘȖ-
șȐȓșȧ ȐȔ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț Ȉ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ șȓȈȊȕȖ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȈȧ ȈȒțȓȈ ȔȍȚ-
ȕțȓȈșȤ ȔȖȋțȟȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ǹțșȓȖȊȈ
ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȈȗȈȌȈȊȠȐȝ ȗȖȌȔȧȓ ȗȖȌ șȍȉȧ ȝțȌȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ Ȋȧ-
ȓȍȕȈȧ ȘȣȉȈ ǹȊȈȓȤȉȐȕȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȓ ȍȔț ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤșȧ Ȉ ȌȘțȋȖȑ
țșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȊ ȖȚ ǹțșȓȖȊȈ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȠȈȋȖȊ Ȑ ȔȍȚ-
ȕțȓ șȊȖȑ ȠȈȘ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȒȍșșȖȕȈ ǵȍ ȌȖȗȓȣȊ ȌȖ ȕȍȋȖ ȠȈȘ ȊȏȖ-
ȘȊȈȓșȧ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǹțșȓȖȊ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȈ Ȋ
șȊȖȐ ȔȖȋțȟȐȍ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧ Ȑ șȎȈȊ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȊȖȓȖȒ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȓȍȎȈ-
ȡȍȋȖ ǹȊȈȓȤȉȐȕȐ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ ȖȚȉȐȊȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ȖȚ ȕȈșȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȈ
ȕȍȋȖ ȉȈȕȌȐȚȈ

109
ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȖȚȓȍȚȍȓ ȖȚ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕȞȈ ȍȋȖ ȊȘȈȋ Ȑ ȘȈșȚȧȕțȓ-
șȧ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ǵȖ ǹțșȓȖȊ ȗȖȔȖȋ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘț ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤșȧ Ȉ șȈȔ ȊșȚȘȧȝ-
ȕțȓ țȗȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȉȈȕȌȐȚȈ Ȑ ȗȖȊȖȓȖȒ ȍȋȖ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȌȘțȋȐȔ șȊȖȐȔ
ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȖȔ Ȓ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȖȗțȡȍȕȕȖȑ ș ȉȖȘȚȈ ©ǩȍȕȚȖȊȐȕȖª
ǿȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȖȚșȚȈȚȤ ȖȚ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ Ȑ ȧ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȓ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȊȘȈ-
ȋȈ Ȑ ȗȖȚȈȡȐȓ ȍȋȖ
Ǵȣ ȏȈȗȘȧȚȈȓȐ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ Ȋ ȚȘȦȔ Ȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ
ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓȐ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ-ȚȖ ȕȈȠȐ ȊȘȈȋȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȉȍȏȊȘȍȎȍȕȣ
ǵȈȔ șțȌȈȘȤ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȔȖȎȍȔ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ șȗȈȚȤ Ǫ
ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȘȖȔȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȣȗȐȚȖ ȕȈ ©ǩȍȕȚȖȊȐȕȖª
ǵȈȠ ȗȐȘ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ Ǵȣ țȎȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ șȍ-
ȉȧ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȚȍȓȧȔȐ Ȋșȍȝ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡ ǶșȚȈȗȈ ǶȟȍȘȍȚȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȗȘȐȉȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ȕȈȔ Ȋ ȒȈȦȚ-ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȦ ȌȍȎțȘȕȣȑ ȔȈȚȘȖș Ȑ șȖȖȉ-
ȡȐȓ ȟȚȖ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ ȗțȏȣȘȐ
ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȓȖȗȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ
— ǫȌȍ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖȘȊȈȓșȧ ȋȈȏ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ș ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȖȔ Ȋ
ȋȖȓȖșȍ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘ — ǵȈȌȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ
ǷȖșȖȊȍȚȖȊȈȊȠȐșȤ Ȕȣ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȊȚȘȖȍȔ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȚȤ ȕȖȊțȦ
ȥȒșȒțȘșȐȦ ȕȈ ȌȕȖ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȌț
ȇ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȎȍ ț Ȕȍȕȧ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȠțȔȍȓ Ȋ
ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȘȖȔ Ȉ Ȗ ȔȖȐȝ șȗțȚȕȐȒȈȝ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȅȚȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ șțȝȖȗțȚȕȣȍ ȒȘȣșȣ șțȌȈȘȤ Ȑ ȥȚȐȔ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚȍ Ȋșȍ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȕȖ
ǩȣȓȈ ȕȖȟȤ ǵȈ Ȍȕȍ — ȕȍȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȍȔȈȧ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȈ ǵȐ ȏȋȐ
ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȚȤ ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȕȈș ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ
ȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȧȚȕȖ — ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒȘțȋ ȖȚ ȉȘȖșȈȍȔȣȝ ȕȈȠȐ-
ȔȐ ȜȖȕȈȘȧȔȐ ȓțȟȍȑ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ
Ǵȣ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ țȎȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȐ ȠȈȋȖȊ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȝȖȎț șțȔȈ
ǷȘȧȔȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ șȊȍȘȒȈȧ ȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ ȖȋȕȧȔȐ șȚȖȧȓ ȗȘȐ-
ȏȘȈȒ ǩȍȓȣȑ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȑ Ȗȕ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ Ȕȕȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ Ȑ
ȋȘȖȏȕȣȔ
ȇ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ Ȑ șȒȊȖȏȤ șȚȍȒȓȈ
șȒȈȜȈȕȌȘȈ țȊȐȌȍȓ Ȑȝ ș ȗȖȌȕȧȚȣȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȖ
ȗȖȌȖȋȕțȊȠȐȔȐșȧ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȔȐ
ȇ țșȗȍȓ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȞȐȓȐȕȌȘ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ
șȚȘȍȔȐȓșȧ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȗȖȚȖȒ ȗțȏȣȘȤȒȖȊ ȋȈȏȈ Ȑ ȋȌȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȉȍȋȈȓȐ ȖȕȐ — ȏȈȔȍȘȏȈȓȈ ȊȖȌȈ ȖȉȘȈȏțȧ ȚȖȚ ȉȍȓȣȑ șȊȍȘ-

110
ȒȈȦȡȐȑ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȈȗțȋȈȓ ȕȈș Ȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șțȌȈȘȤ
ȉȣȓ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȑ ȓȤȌȐȕȖȑ ȖȉȊȖȓȈȒȐȊȈȦȡȍȑ ȗȖȚȖȕțȊȠȍȍ șțȌ-
ȕȖ ȇ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȟțȌȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ
șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ ȠȍȊȍȓȤȕțȓșȧ ǭȡȍ ȔȐȋ Ȑ șȘȈȏț ȘȊȈȕțȊ-
ȠȐșȤ ȓȤȌȐȕȈ ȊșȗȓȣȓȈ țȕȖșȧ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȟȍȘȕȍȦȡțȦ Ȋ ȕȍȑ
ȟȈȑȒț ș șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȈȔȐ ȝȈȕȈ ǻȘȦȔȒȈȧ ǷȖȌȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȊȖșȝȖ-
Ȍȧȡȍȑ șȚȘțȍȑ ȊȖȌȣ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ȊȖȌȖȊȖȘȖȚȈ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘ-
ȚȣȊȈȧșȤ Ȑ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ țȌȈȘȧȧșȤ ȌȘțȋ Ȗ ȌȘțȋȈ Ȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ țȊȓȍȟȍ-
ȕȣ ȊȊȍȘȝ
ǹ ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȖȚȣșȒȈȓȐ Ȕȣ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȠȐ
ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȗȖȌȖȠȊȣ Ȑ ȠȓȍȔȣ ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȓȐ ȕȈș ȊȕȖȊȤ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ț
ǹȊȈȓȤȉȐȕȐ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȕȍȊȘȍȌȐȔȣȔ ȜȖȕȈȘȤ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȉȣȓȐ
ȘȈȏȉȐȚȣ Ȑ șȔȧȚȣ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ, ȕȍ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȟȈș ȗȖȌȕȧ-
ȓȐ ȗȈș ȕȈ ȗȈȓțȉț
ǪșȗȓȣȊȠȍȑ ȓȤȌȐȕȖȑ șȓȖȔȈȓȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞț Ȑ șȖȘȊȈȓȖ ȖȌȐȕ
ȒȓȦȏȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȒȈȕȈȚ
ǷȍȘȊȖȑ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȏȈȉȖȚȖȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ș ȕȈș șȕȧȓȐ șȒȈ-
ȜȈȕȌȘȣ ȉȣȓȖ țȏȕȈȚȤ Ȗ șțȌȤȉȍ ȓȤȌȐȕȣ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȖȟȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȟȍȘȕȈ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȚȖȕțȓȖ ȊȖ ȔȘȈȒȍ Ǵȣ
ȊșȓțȠȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȊȕțȒȐ ȌȖȕȖșȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ș ȔȖȘȧ ȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ
ȓȐȠȤ ȗȓȍșȒ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȊȖȓȕȣ Ȑ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ șȚțȒ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȐȌț-
ȡȍȋȖ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ
ǷȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȖȎȐȌȈȚȤ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȈ Ȉ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȒȖȘȖȚȈȚȤ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ Ȕȣ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȌȖȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȑȝ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȐ Ȕȣ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȝ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓȣȝ ȓȦ-
Ȍȍȑ ș ȝȐȚȘȣȔȐ Ȑ ȌȍȘȏȒȐȔȐ ȓȐȞȈȔȐ
— Ǫȣ ȒȚȖ ȚȈȒȐȍ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ Ȑȝ
— ǸȣȉȈȒȐ Ȕȣ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȎȐȔȈȧ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ Ȑ țȝ-
ȔȣȓȧȧșȤ
— Ǩ ȕȍ ȗȐȘȈȚȣ ȕȍ ȒȖȕȚȘȈȉȈȕȌȐșȚȣ"
dzȐȞȈ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ șȘȈȏț șȌȍȓȈȓȐșȤ șȚȖȘȖȎȒȐȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȖ-
ȕȐȞȈȍȔȣȔȐ
— ǵȐȒȈȒ ȕȍȚ — ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ȖȌȐȕ — Ǵȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȓț-
ȎȐȓȐ șȊȖȍȔț ȉȈȘȐȕț
—ǨȖȕȒȚȖ"
— Ƕȕ" — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȊȠȐȑ ȝȐȚȘȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ — Ƕ ȕȍȔ ȕȈȔ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȕȍ ȊȍȓȍȕȖ ǵȈȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ — ȔȖȓȟȈȚȤ ȖȉȍȡȈȓȐșȤ

111
ǩȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȕȐȝ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖȉȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȧ ȗȘȐȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȖȚȊȍșȚȐ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȚȘȦȔ
ǹȊȈȓȤȉȐȕȐ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒ
ȖșȚȘȖțȔȕȖ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȓșȧ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȐȚȤ ȌȖȕȕȣȑ ȓȍȌ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȐȧ
șțȌȕȈ ǬȖșȚȐȋȠȐ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȢȍȔȈ ȓȤȌȐȕȈ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȓȍȋȒȈȧ
ȟȍȔ ȊȖȌȈ ȊșȗȓȣȊȈȍȚ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș șȖȉȖȑ Ȋșȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ
ȊȔȍȘȏȓȖ Ȋ ȕȍȍ
ǿțȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ șȊȍȚȈȚȤ Ȕȣ Ȋșȍ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȈȓț-
ȉț ȕȖ ȖȚ ȓȤȌȐȕȣ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȌȈȎȍ șȓȍȌȈ
ǸȈșȚȈȧȓȈ ȓȐ ȖȕȈ" ǰȓȐ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ©ȉȈȘȐȕª ȖȚȉțȒșȐ-
ȘȖȊȈȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ — ȊȖȚ ȥȚȐ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ ȕțȎȕȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȘȍȠȐȚȤ
ȇ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ șȗțșȚȐȚȤ ȠȓȦȗȒț Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȍ ȓȐ,
șțȌȈȘȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȚȘȖȕțȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗțȚȤ Ǩ
ȊȍȌȤ ȧ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ș ȗȐȘȈȚȈȔȐ ȕȈ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ
Ȑ ȗȘȈȊȖ Ȏȍ șțȌȈȘȤ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȘțșȐȔ.
Ǵȣ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȓȣȓȐ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ȗȖȘȖșȠȍȋȖ ȚȘȖșȚ-
ȕȐȒȖȔ ǵȈ ȕȐȏȒȐȑ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȔȍȓȐ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ Ȋȏȉȍ-
ȋȈȓȐ ȊȖȓȕȣ ǺțȟȐ ȉȈȒȓȈȕȖȊ Ȑ ȒțȓȐȒȖȊ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ ș ȘȈȏȕȣȝ
ȔȍșȚ ȗȘȐ ȕȈȠȍȔ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȍȕȐȐ Ȑ ȕȈȔ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖșȚȘȖȊ
ȕȍȖȉȐȚȈȍȔ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ șȗȓȖȠȕȖȑ șȚȍȕȣ ȊȣșȖȒȐȝ ȚȘȖșȚ-
ȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ șȐȏȣȑ ȌȣȔȖȒ
ǹ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȈȔȐ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ Ȕȣ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȚțȌȈ
ǵȈ ȗȍșȟȈȕȖȔ ȝȖȓȔȍ ȋȖȘȍȓ ȒȖșȚȍȘ Ȑ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȕȍȋȖ șȐȌȍȓȐ
Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȝȓȍȉȈȓȐ țȝț Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȓȈ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓȣȍ ȘȣȉȈȒȐ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ
ȕȍ ȖȋȓȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȕȈș ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȐȕ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȈȔ
ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ǪȣșȖȒȐȑ ȉȘȐȚȣȑ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕ ș ȉȍȏțȒȖȘȐȏȕȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȗȘȖȉȖȘȖȔ Ȑ ȒȘțȗȕȣȔȐ ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ȏțȉȈȔȐ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȕȈȔ Ȑ țȟȚȐȊȖ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ, ȖȉȊȍȌȧ ȕȈș ȗȣȚ-
ȓȐȊȣȔ Ȑ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ
ǷȘȐ Ȋșȍȑ ȏȓȖȉȍ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȧ șțȌȈȘȤ ȗȖȟțȊșȚ-
ȊȖȊȈȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț șȐȔȗȈȚȐȦ ǷȖȌțȔȈȑȚȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ
ȉȣȚȤ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȒȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȤ șȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȍ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ
ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȡȍȒȖȚȓȐȊȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ
— DzȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȑȏ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȖȊ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȗȖ-ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐ"
— șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ
ǶȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ Ȋșȍ ȚȘȖȍ ȊȓȈȌȍȍȔ ȥȚȐȔ ȧȏȣȒȖȔ
— Ƕ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ — țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ Ȗȕ — Ǵȕȍ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ șȊȍșȚȐ

112
ș ȊȈȔȐ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȉȓȐȏȒȖȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȖ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȣ Ǵȣ ȖȌȕȖ-
ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȖȝȖȚȐȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȕȍșțȡȍșȚȊțȦȡȍȑ ȌȐȟȤȦ ȗȖȚȍȘȗȍ-
ȓȐ ȜȐȈșȒȖ Ȑ ȗȖȕȍșȓȐ ȔȕȖȋȖ țȉȣȚȒȖȊ
ǹ ȥȚȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ Ȗȕ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȕȐȒ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ.
ǷȖȔȖȓȟȈȊ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ
— ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȣ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȗȖȌȈȚȤ ȌȘțȋ
ȌȘțȋț ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȔȐȘȕȖ ȘȈȏȖȑȚȐșȤ" ǪȖȚ, ȗȘȖȠț ȊȈș ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȚȤ
ǫȖȊȖȘȧ ȥȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȊȍȓ ȕȈș ȕȈ ȌȘțȋțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȊȐȌȕȍȓȐșȤ ȖșȒȖȓȒȐ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȘȈșȚȈȧȊȠȍȋȖ
ȓȤȌȈ Ȑ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȐ ȏȓȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖȑ ȟȈȑȒȐ ǶȟȍȘȍȚȈ
— Ǫȣ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ — Ƕȕ ȝȖȏȧȑȕȐȟȈȓ ȏȌȍșȤ
ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ Ȕȣ
Ǫ ȒȖȘȔȖȊȖȑ ȗȈȓțȉȍ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȊȠȍȑșȧ ȖȚ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȊȖȌȣ Ȋ
șȗȓȖȠȕțȦ ȒȘȍȔȕȍȊțȦ ȗȓȐȚț ȊȐȌȕȍȓȖșȤ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȍ Ȑ ȒȘțȋȓȖȍ
ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ ǶȕȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ șȌȍȓȈȕȖ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȐȕșȚ-
ȘțȔȍȕȚȖȔ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖ ȉȣȓȐ șȘȍȏȈȕȣ ȒȘȈȧ ȖȉȠȐȘ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȓȦȒȈ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȔȍșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȈ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ǹțȌȈȘȤ ȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȚȈȒ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȘțȋȈȓ șȍȉȧ
ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ
ǷȖȚȍȘȧȚȤ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȕȈ ȉȍșȗȖȓȍȏȕțȦ ȚȧȎȍȓțȦ Ȑ ȖȗȈș-
ȕțȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț — ȥȚȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȣȔ
ǪȕțȚȘȐ ȒȖȘȔȖȊȖȋȖ ȚȘȦȔȈ ȟȈȑȒȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ
ȖȉȓȖȔȒȖȊ ȖȒȈȔȍȕȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ Ȑ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȏȈȘȎȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ
Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȝ șȒȖȉ Ȑ ȒȖȓȍȞ
— ǺȘȦȔȣ ȥȚȖȋȖ șțȌȕȈ ȗțșȚȣ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȉȘȐ-
Țȣȑ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕ — Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ — good dȈy!
— ǷȘȖșȚȐȚȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ǭȡȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȊȖȗȘȖș ǶȚȒțȌȈ Ȋȣ
țȏȕȈȓȐ Ȗ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȏȈȚȖȕțȊȠȍȋȖ șțȌȕȈ"
— Ƕ — ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȒȊȍȘȝț ȒțȓȈȒȐ ȕȈȠ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȐȑ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ-
ȕȐȒ — ȧ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȣ ȖȉȔȈȕțȚ șȈȔȣȔ ȉȍșșȖȊȍșȚȕȣȔ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȏȖȔ DzȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ǨȕȋȓȐȦ ȧȊȐȓșȧ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȕȍȋȖȞȐȈȕȚ ǫȘȖȔȖȊ
Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȒțȗȐȚȤ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȑ ȒȓȈȌ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȐȔ
ȕȈȑȌȍȕȕȣȑ ȇ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȐȓ ȏȈ ȕȍȋȖ  ȜțȕȚȖȊ ȕȈȕȧȓ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȟȐȝ ȏȈșȚȘȈȝȖȊȈȓ Ȑȝ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȗȓȈȚȐȓ ȐȔ ȐșȗȘȈȊȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ
ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȑ ȊȖȚ ȕȈȋȘȈȌȈ — ȗțșȚȈȧ ȋȕȐȓȈȧ ȒȖȘȖȉȒȈ ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȌȖ-
ȋȈȌȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌ ȚȖȓșȚȣȔ șȓȖȍȔ ȐȓȈ șȒȘȣȚ ȓȦȒ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȒȖ-

113
ȚȖȘȣȑ ǫȘȖȔȖȊ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȈȘȖȑ ȓȖȌ-
Ȓȍ
— ǷȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȊȈȠȍ ȐȔȧ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ ǹțșȓȖȊ
— Ǵȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȦȚ ȊȈȠȐ ȐȔȍȕȈ — ȋȖȘȌȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ, — Ȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȣ ȗȖȘȈȌȖȊȈ-
ȓȈ Ȑ ȊȈȠȈ șȒȘȖȔȕȖșȚȤ
— ǶȚȓȐȟȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǹțșȓȖȊ — ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓȐ
ȗȘȈȊȈ ȝȖȏȧȑȕȐȟȈȚȤ Ȋ ȟțȎȐȝ ȊȖȌȈȝ"
— Ǩ Ȋȣ" — țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ — ǵȈ ©ǩȍȕȚȖȊȐȕȖª
ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕșȒȐȑ ȜȓȈȋ Ȉ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȌȎȍȕ-
ȚȓȤȔȍȕȣ ȖȚ ǰȚȈȓȐȐ ȌȖ ȥȚȖȑ ȔȍȓȐ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ" ǪȗȘȖ-
ȟȍȔ Ȋȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ Ȏȍ ȗȐȘȈȚȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȧ, ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȖȌ-
ȊȖȌȕȣȔȐ ȗȐȘȈȚȈȔȐ.
ǷȘȐ ȥȚȐȝ șȓȖȊȈȝ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȘȈșȝȖȝȖȚȈȓșȧ ȒȖȓȦȟȐȔ șț-
ȝȐȔ șȔȍȝȖȔ
— ǶȌȕȈȒȖ — Ȋșȗȣȝȕțȓ ǹȊȈȓȤȉȐȕȐ
— ǵȍ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȚȍșȤ — ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ — Ǫȣ
ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȗȘȈȊȌț ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȐȘȈȚȈ-
ȔȐ Ȋȣ ȉȣ ȗȖȑȔȈȊ ȔȖȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓȐ ȉȣ Ȑȝ ȊȓȈșȚȧȔ Ȋ
ǶȌȍșșȍ ȕȖ Ȋȣ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȐȚȈȓȐ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȐȚȈȍȚȍ ȘȈșȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤ-
șȧ ș ȕȐȔȐ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈȔȐ
ǹȖȋȓȈșȐȚȍșȤ șțȌȈȘȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ țȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ"
ǵț Ȑ Ȕȣ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȊȖȓȍȑ-ȕȍȊȖȓȍȑ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ
— DzȚȖ Ȑȏ ȊȈș ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ — ȇ
ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȦ ȏȈ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ  ȜțȕȚȖȊ
Ǵȍȕȧ ȗȍȘȍȌȍȘȕțȓ ȕȈȋȓȣȑ Ȑ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȣȑ ȚȖȕ ȈȕȋȓȐ-
ȟȈȕȐȕȈ
ȇ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȊȗȓȖȚȕțȦ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǹȥȘ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȏȈ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ șȖȘȚȈ
ȗȘȐȟȐȕȐȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȉȖȓȤ ȕȖ ȧ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȚț ȊȊȐȌț ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȠȐ
șȐȓȣ ȕȍȘȈȊȕȣ ȖȚȗțșȚȐȚȤ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȗȖȌȈȘȐȊ ȊȈȔ ȚȈȒȐȔ
ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ  ȜțȕȚȖȊ ǷȘȐ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȕȍțȌȈȟȍ — ȖȕȐ ȊȈȔ ȔȖȋțȚ
ȗȘȐȋȖȌȐȚȤșȧ
ǪșȒȖȘȍ Ȕȣ ȘȈșșȚȈȓȐșȤ ș ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕȖȔ
ǵȈ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȝȘȈȕȐȚșȧ Ȑ ȌȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
ȒțșȖȒ ȖȒȈȔȍȕȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȒȐȓȧ ȟȈȑȒȐ ǶȟȍȘȍȚȈ
ǭșȓȐ ȖȒȈȎȍȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȟȍșȚȤ șțȌȈȘȤ Ȑ ȏȈȑȌȍȚȍ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȧ ȊȈș

114
țȋȖȡț ȖȚȓȐȟȕȣȔ ȘȖȔȖȔ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȦȚ
șȚȈȘȐȒȈ
 Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȎț ȥȚț ȘȍȌȒȖșȚȤ
_____
— Ǩ ȥȚȖȋȖ ǫȘȖȔȖȊȈ ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȊȈș ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ" —
șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
— ǪȐȌȐȚȍ ȓȐ șțȌȈȘȤ — Ȗ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȇ ȊșȒȖ-
Șȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȓțȟȈȧ țȠȍȓ șȖ șȓțȎȉȣ ț șȐȕȤȖȘȖȊ ©ǫȈȧȘȌȐ-
șȣȕ Ȑ ǨȓȤȜȘȍȌ ǩȖȊȐª Ȑ ș ȚȖȑ ȗȖȘȣ ȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ ȕȐ ǹțșȓȖȊȈ
ȕȐ ǹȊȈȓȤȉȐȕȐ ǹȈȔ ȧ șȓțȎȐȓ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ ȕȈ ǬȈȓȤ-
ȕȍȔ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ Ȑ ȊȖȚ ȚȈȔ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ țȔȖȓȒ ȘȈȏȎȐȋȈȧ ȗȖȋȈșȠțȦ ȚȘțȉȒț
— ǺȈȔ-ȚȖ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȧ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ Ȑ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ȗȉ
ȥȚȖȔ ǫȘȖȔȖȊȍ ȚȈȒ ȓȖȊȒȖ ȖȉȔȈȕțȊȠȍȔ ȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȖȋȖ ȈȕȋȓȐ-
ȟȈȕȐȕȈ. ȇ Ƞȍȓ Ȑȏ ǹȐȕȋȈȗțȘȈ ȊȖ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ Ǫ ǨȔȖȍ ȧ ȗȖ-
ȓțȟȐȓ ȗȘȍȌȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ȏȈȑȚȐ ȕȈ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȖșȚȘȖȊȖȊ ǫȖȒțȉț-ȀȖ-
ȚȖ ȦȎȕȍȍ ȗȈȘȈȓȓȍȓȐ ȉțȝȚȣ ǽȈȕȋ-ǿț ȋȌȍ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȊȏȧȚȤ
ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȈ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒțȦ țȟȍȕțȦ ȥȒș-
ȗȍȌȐȞȐȦ Ǫ ǴȈȑ-ǷȐȕȋȍ ȧ șȗțșȚȐȓ ȠȓȦȗȒț Ȑ ȊȍȓȤȉȖȚ Ȑ ȌȖș-
ȚȈȊȐȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ș ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ țȟȍȕȣȝ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȝ ȈȘȝȍȖȓȖ-
ȋȖȊ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȋȘțȏ Ȑȏ 24 ȚȧȎȍȓȣȝ ȧȡȐȒȖȊ
Ǫ ȗțȚȐ ș ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ țȟȍȕȣȝ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȖȔ ǪȐȓȓȐ ǩȍȒșȜȖȘ-
ȌȖȔ ȧ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȐȓșȧ Ȑ Ȗȕ Ȕȕȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȘȍȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕțȦ
ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ
Ǫ ;,, șȚȖȓȍȚȐȐ ȖȒȖȓȖ ǫȖȒțȉț-ȀȖȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȔȖȘș-
ȒȖȑ ȉȖȑ DzȐȚȈȑșȒȐȑ ȗȐȘȈȚ ǽț-ȉȍȞ-șȈȕ ȕȈȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȥșȒȈȌȘț Ǽț-
ȌțȚțȕȈ ǹȐ-dzȧȕȈ ȊȍȏțȡțȦ ȉȘȖȕȏȖȊȣȍ șȚȈȚțȐ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȍ
ȊȈȏȣ Ȑ țȚȊȈȘȤ Ȍȓȧ ȌȊȖȘȞȖȊ Ȋ ǷȍȒȐȕȍ ǷȖșȓȍ ȌȖȓȋȖȋȖ șȖȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȟȈșȚȤ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍȑ șȌȈȓȈșȤ ȗȐȘȈȚȈȔ Ȉ ȌȊȈ ȏȈȚȖȕțȓȐ
ǪȖȚ ȏȈ ȥȚȐȔȐ-ȚȖ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧȔȐ Ȑ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȉțȝȚț ǴȈȑ-
ǷȐȕȋ ȈȘȝȍȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȧ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕ
ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ǩȍȒșȜȖȘȌ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȣ ȕȈȠȓȐ
ȕȈ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȗȖȚȖȕțȊȠȐȍ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȍ ȋȈȓȍȘȣ
ȕȖ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ
DzȖȘȗțșȈ ȋȈȓȍȘ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ șȗȓȖȠȕȣȍ ȋȓȣȉȣ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ-
ȋȖ ȒȈȔȕȧ ǬȍȘȍȊȖ ȗȘȖȗȐȚȈȓȖșȤ ȒȘȍȔȕȍȏȍȔȖȔ Ȑ ȖȒȈȔȍȕȍȓȖ

ǷȖȌȕȧȚȤ șțȌȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ǵȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Șțș-
șȒȐȑ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȍȓȤ ǼȈȔȐȓȐȐ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȕȖ ȘȈșșȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ǺȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȗȈșȈ șȋțȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ ȝȊȈȚȈȍȚ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȕȍȕȈȌȖȓȋȖ Ȑ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏț ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ șȒȖȘȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȡȈȚȤ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚț ȚȖ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȊ ȔȍșȚȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ șȚȈȊȐȓ ȕȈ
ȧȒȖȘȧȝ ȗȓȖȊțȟȐȑ ȘȍȏȍȘȊțȈȘ ș șȎȈȚȣȔ ȊȖȏȌțȝȖȔ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟ-
ȕȣȔ Ȍȓȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȗȧȚȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ  ȟȈșȖȊ
ǰȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȍȓȤ ȖȟȐșȚȐȊ ȗȈȓțȉț ȖȚ ȐȓȈ Ȑ ȕȈȘȖșȠȐȝ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ
ȋțȉȖȒ ȒȖȘȈȓȓȖȊ Ȑ ȘȈȒȖȊȐȕ ȗȘȖȌȍȓȣȊȈȓ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ Ǭȓȧ ȥȚȖ-
ȋȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓșȧ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȖȔ ȊȣȌȍȓȧȦȡȐȔ ȗȖȌ ȌȈȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ
ȜȚȖȘ ȅȚȖȚ ȋȈȏ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȘȈȏȘțȠȈȓ ȒȘȍȔȕȍȊțȦ ȖȉȖȓȖȟ-
Ȓț ȗȈȓțȉȣ Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓ ȌȖșȚțȗ ȊȕțȚȘȤ ȖȒȈȔȍȕȍȊȠȍȋȖ șțȌȕȈ
ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȚȈȒȖȑ șȗȖșȖȉ ȉȣȓ
ȗȘȐȔȍȕȍȕ ȗȘȐ ȐȏțȟȍȕȐȐ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ Ȋ ǬȈȘȍȑȚȍ ț
ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ ȀȖȚȓȈȕȌȐȐ Ȑ ȘȈȏȘȈȉȖȚȈȕ ȠȖȚȓȈȕȌȞȍȔ ǴȈȑșȖȔ ȕȖ
ȧ șțȌȈȘȤ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ǫȖȒțȉț-ȀȖȚȖ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȈȔ ȗȖȔȖȋ ȕȍ
ȠȖȚȓȈȕȌȍȞ Ȉ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ǰ ȧ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȉȣȓ ȕȍ
ȒȚȖ ȐȕȖȑ ȒȈȒ ǫȘȖȔȖȊ
Ƕȕ ȌȈȓ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȔ ȈȘȝȍȖȓȖȋȈȔ ȌȖȉȣȚȤ Ȑȏ-
ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌȣ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȣȍ ȉȘȖȕȏȖȊȣȍ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ șȊȍȚȐȓȤȕȐ-
ȒȐ ȊȈȏȣ Ȑ șȚȖȓȣ ȊȖȌȖȓȈȏȣ ȕȈȠȓȐ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȋȈȓȍȘ șȍȘȍȉ-
Șȧȕȣȑ ȚȘȖȕ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ țȒȘȈȠȍȕ — ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ șȓȖ-
ȕȖȊȖȑ ȒȖșȚȤȦ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȔȕȧȔȐ ȐȓȐ ȗȍȘȓȈȔțȚȘȖȔ
ȕȖ ȊȖȌȈ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȓȈ ȥȚȐ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȐȧ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȞȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȘț-
ȎȐȧ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ șȈȔ DzȐȚȈȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ șȖ ȌȕȈ
ȔȖȘȧ ȘȍȌȒȐȍ ȉȘȖȕȏȖȊȣȍ ȚȈȉȓȐȞȣ ș ȗȍȘȍȟȐșȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȌȊȐȋȖȊ
ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȔȍȘȠȐȝ ȉȖȋȌȣȝȈȕȖȊ ǴȐȕȋȖȊ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȍ
Ȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ șȓȐȚȒȐ ȘȈȏȕȈȧ ȗȖșțȌȈ ȗȖȗȈȓȐ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ țȟȍȕȣȝ-
ȈȘȝȍȖȓȖȋȖȊ

ȀǮǷǻǮ ȀǾdzȃ ǿǺdzǾȀdzǷ

118
ǿȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȍȔț — ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȚȈȑȕȖȑ Ȋ ȗȐșȤȔȈȝ Ȑ ȖȚ-
ȘȣȊȖȟȕȣȝ ȏȈȗȐșȧȝ Ȋ ȌȕȍȊȕȐȒȍ țȟȍȕȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȠȓȖșȤ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ
ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȖȗȘȖș
ǯȈȚȖ.
ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȚȘȖȋȐȑ ȔȖȘȈȓȐșȚ șȖȟȚȍȚ ȥȚț ȟȈșȚȤ ȘȈșșȒȈ-
ȏȈ ȕȈȘțȠȍȕȐȍ ȚȈȑȕȣ ȒȖȘȘȍșȗȖȕȌȍȕȞȐȐ ȏȈ ȊȚȖȘȎȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȓȐȟ-
ȕțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȖ ȗțșȚȤ ȉțȌȍȚ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȍȖȉȝȖ-
ȌȐȔȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȧ
ǵȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȓȐȠȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȌȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ
ȟȚȖ, ȓȐȠȤ șȖȋȘȍȚȣȍ ȓȐȟȕȣȔ șȟȈșȚȤȍȔ țȔ Ȑ ȊȖȓȧ ȔȖȋțȚ șȖȏ-
ȌȈȚȤ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȍ Ȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȍ
Ǫ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȗȐșȍȔ ȕȈȑȌȍȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȠȒȈȚțȓȒȍ dzȈțȘȣ ȚȈȒ
ȏȊȈȓ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȌȍȊțȠȒț
 Ȑ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȣȝ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ Șț-
ȒȖȑ ȀȔȐȌȚȈ ȉȣȓȐ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȍ șȚȘȖȒȐ
©ǬȖȘȖȋȈȧ Ȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈȧ Ǻȣ ȒȈȒ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȌȈȘȐȠȤ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȑ
șȐȓȣ Ǻȣ ȖȏȈȘȐȓȈ ȔȖȑ ȗȖȚțȝȈȦȡȐȑ țȔ șȊȖȍȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ ȇ
ȝȖȟț ȉȣȚȤ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȣȔ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ ȖȉȖȎȈȕȐȧ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȧ șȖȏ-
ȌȈȔ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȖșȚȈȚȒȈ ȔȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȉȖ-
ȓȤȠȍȍ Ȑ ȊȈȎȕȍȑȠȍȍ ȟȍȔ Ȋșȍ șȌȍȓȈȕȕȖȍ ȏȈ ȊșȦ ȔȖȦ ȌȖȓȋțȦ
Ȑ ȚȘțȌȖȓȦȉȐȊțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȉțȌțȚ ȓȐ ț ȕȈș ȌȍȚȐ
ȕȖ ȧ Țȍȉȍ ȖșȚȈȊȓȦ ȔȖȐ ȚȘțȌȣ ȥȚȖ — ȚȖȎȍ ȕȈȠȐ ȌȍȚȐ Ǻȣ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȐȓȈ Ȉ ȧ ȐșȗȖȓȕȦ ȚȊȖȦ ȊȖȓȦ ǬȖȘȖȋȈȧ DzȈȒȐȔ
ȧȘȒȐȔ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȍȔ, ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ Ȑ șȚȘȈșȚȤȦ ȊșȗȣȝȕțȓȈ
Ȋ țȔȍ ȔȖȍȔ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȒȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ Ǻȣ — ȔȖȍ șȖȓȕȞȍª
ȅȚȖȚ ȖȚȘȣȊȖȒ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȘȈȏȢȧșȕȧȍȚ ȔȕȖȋȖȍ ǷȘȈȏȌȕȖȍ Ȑ
ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȜȘȐȊȖȓȤȕȖȍ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȉțȌȍȚ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖ-
ȘȍȕȖ. dzȦȌȐ Ȏȍ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȍ șȘȈȊȕȐȊ ȟȐșȓȖ ȊȣșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȕȈ
ȗȐșȤȔȍ ș ȗȍȘȐȖȌȖȔ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȐ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȑ ȚȘțȌȕȖșȚȐ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ țȟȍȕȣȝ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȑ Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȐ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ ȀȔȐȌȚȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉțȌțȚ ȗȘȐȏ-
ȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȑ ȝȐȔȐȒ șȌȍȘȎȈȓ șȊȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ
ǯȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȋȖȌ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ ȥȚȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ
ȕȍȘȈȏȓțȟȕȣ ǴțȌȘȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ ș ȕȍȎȕȖȑ ȓȈșȒȖȑ ȗȖ-
ȒȖȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ Ȑ șȚȘȖȑȕȖȑ ȜȐȋțȘȍ dzȈțȘȣ Ȉ
ȖȕȈ ș ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȖȔ ȠȓȈ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȕȐȔ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐȕȞȍșșȈ Ȑ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȕȈȧ ȘȈȉȣȕȧ
ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȑȝ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȊȚȘȖȍȔ

119
ǺȘȍȚȐȑ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐȍȏȎȐȔ ȘțșșȒȐȔ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȖȔ ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ
ȘȖșȚȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȗȓȍȟȐȑ Ȑ ș ȋȘțȌȤȦ ȈȚȓȍȚȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȖȉȓȈ-
ȌȈȓ ȊȓȈșȚȕȣȔ ȗȖȒȖȘȧȦȡȐȔ Ȑ ȌȍȘȏȒȐȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ Ȑ ȕȈșȔȍȠ-
ȓȐȊȖȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȘȍȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ șȒȓȈȌȒȖȑ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȘȚȈ
ǪșȍȔ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȦȡȐȔ ȏȈ șȚȈȘȣȔ ȝȐȔȐȒȖȔ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȚȍȕȤȦ,
ȉȣȓȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȧșȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȘȈȊȕȖȗȘȈȊȕȖȋȖ ȊȖșȝȐȡȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȔȐȕȖȊȈȓȖ Ȑ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ ȗȍȘȍȠȓȖ Ȓ ȘțșșȒȖȔț ȌȖȒ-
ȚȖȘț ș ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȖ ȊșȒȓȖȒȖȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ Ȑ șȊȍȘȒȈȦ-
ȡȐȔȐ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ țȏȒȐȝ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ țșȖȊ ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ȒȈȒ ț ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ
șȖȉȈȒȐ ȏțȉȈȔȐ
Ƕȕ Ƞȍȓ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ Ȑ ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȕȖ ȎȍșȚȐ-
ȒțȓȐȘțȧ Ȑ ȗȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈȔ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȧșȤ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț Ȗ
ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȀȔȐȌȚȈ ȐȓȐ țȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ
ǺȈȒ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȌȖȉȘȣȍ ȎȐ-
ȚȍȓȐ ȋȖȘȖȌȒȈ țȝȔȣȓȧȧșȤ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȚȤ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ
— ǹȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȔȐȓȍȑȠȐȑ herr ǼȐȠȍȘ ȟȤȍȑ ȚȍȕȤȦ șȟȐȚȈȍ-
Țȍ Ȋȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕțȦ ȜȘȍȑȓȍȕ dzȈțȘț"
ǰ ȒȈȒ ȕȐȏȖȒ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ ȘȖȌ Ǫșȍ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȍ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȘȈșȚȖȟȈȓ ȊȖȒȘțȋ șȍȉȧ șȍȌȖȊȓȈșȣȑ țȟȍȕȣȑ Ȑ
ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈȧ ȦȕȈȧ ȗȖȌȘțȋȈ ȘȈșșȍȧȓȖșȤ ǶșȚȈȓșȧ ȈȕȍȒȌȖȚ
ȗȖȊȖȌ Ȓ ȗȖȠȓȣȔ ȖșȚȘȖȚȈȔ Ȑ ȠțȚȒȈȔ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȓȖȝȖȋȖ șȖȘȚȈ
Ǩ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ Ȋ ȌȕȍȊȕȐȒȍ țȟȍȕȖȋȖ ȝȐȔȐȒȈ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȉȣȓȈ șȌȍȓȈȕȈ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȏȈȗȐșȤ
«ǹȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȥȚȖȚ ǫȘȖȔȖȊ DzȈȒ Ȋșȍ ȘțșșȒȐȍ — Ȗȕ
ȌȍȘȏȖȒ Ȑ ȓȐȠȍȕ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȚȤ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖȍ ȖȚ ȕȍșȉȣ-
ȚȖȟȕȈȋȖ Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ Ȕȕȍ șȚȈȘȐȕȕțȦ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȤ ȕȈȑȌȍȕȕțȦ ȐȔ
Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȚȖ ȏȈȉȣȚȖȔ șȍȊȍȘȕȖȔ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȍ ȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȐȕȣ ȅȚȖ
ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȗȈȔȧȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȏȈȘȖȎȌȈȦ-
ȡȍȑșȧ ȕȈțȒȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȈ ǰȏȢȍȌȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȋȈȔȍȕȚ ȗȖȒȘȣȚ
șȓȐȊȈȦȡȐȔȐșȧ Ȑ ȕȈȓȍȋȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȌȘțȋ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȈ ȓȈȚȐȕșȒȐȔȐ
ȉțȒȊȈȔȐ Ȑ șȖȌȍȘȎȐȚ ȈȓȝȐȔȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȘȍȞȍȗȚ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ
șȓȖȎȕȖȑ șȔȍșȐ ȌȈȦȡȍȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȉȣȚȕȍȑȠȍȔț Ȑȏ ȒȖȋ-
ȌȈ-ȓȐȉȖ ȎȐȊȠȐȝ ȕȈ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȗȓȈȕȍȚȍ șțȡȍșȚȊ
Ǫ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ ȋȌȍ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈȑȌȍȕ ȉȣȓ
șȘȍȌȐ ȉțȔȈȋ Ȑ ȚȖȓșȚȣȝ ©Ǫȍȋicht¶ȖȊª ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȒȓȖȟȖȒ ȗȖȟ-
ȚȖȊȖȑ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ș ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȔȐ șȚȘȖȟȒȈȔȐ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȚȊȍȘ-
ȌȣȔ ȘȈȏȔȈȠȐșȚȣȔ ȎȍȕșȒȐȔ ȗȖȟȍȘȒȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȌȗȐșȈȕȕȣȔȐ

120
dzȈțȘȖȑ
ǪȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȗȐșȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ
— ©Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȉȖȐȠȤșȧ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȚȤ ȖȗȣȚ ȌȘȍȊ-
ȕȍȋȖ ȈȓȝȐȔȐȒȈ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȖȚȒȓȖȕȧȍȠȤ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ
ǫȘȖȔȖȊȈ" Ǵȕȍ șȚȣȌȕȖ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ ȏȈ Țȍȉȧ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȔțȌȘȖȋȖ Ȑ
șȔȍȓȖȋȖ Ǫ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȕȕȍ șȚȣȌȕȖ ǵȖ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓȈ
ǭșȓȐ Țȣ ȕȍ ȏȈȝȖȟȍȠȤ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȚȤșȧ șȖȏȌȈȚȤ ȗȍȘȊȖȉȣȚȕȖȍ șț-
ȡȍșȚȊȖ ȧ țȑȌț ș ȘțșșȒȐȔ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȖȔ Ȑ ȉțȌț ȗȖȔȖȋȈȚȤ ȍȔț Ȋ
ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȗȖȒȈ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȘȖȍȚ ȚȈȑȕȣ ȏȈȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȗȍȘ-
ȊȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ»
ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȐȧ ȥȚȐȝ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ
Ȑ, ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȊȠȐȝșȧ șȚȈȘȖȔț țȟȍȕȖȔț ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȝ
șȚȘȖȒ ȕȈȟȈȓȐșȤ Țȍ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȊȗȖșȓȍȌșȚ-
ȊȐȐ ș ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȧȔȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȊșȍȔ — Ȑ ȘȍȒ-
ȚȖȘț Ȑ șțȌȍȉȕȖȔț șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȦ Ȑ ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒȖȔț ȒȖȔȐșșȈ-
Șț Ȑ șȚțȌȍȕȚȈȔ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒȈȔ ȉȖȓȚȓȐȊȣȑ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘ-
ȕȣȑ șȓțȎȐȚȍȓȤ ǴȍȑșȕȍȘ
ǺȘȖȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȋ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȋ ș ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȊȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȦ Ȑ
ȗȖȒȐȕțȓȐ ȍȍ ȓȐȠȤ Ȋ șțȉȉȖȚț ȖȒȖȓȖ ȗȖȓțȌȕȧ DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ Ȋȣ-
ȠȓȐ ȚȖ șȓțȎȐȚȍȓȦ ȉȘȖșȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑȝ țȚȖȔ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȓȐȞ.
ǷȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ Ȑ dzȈțȘȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȓȍȌȕȣ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ Ȑȝ ȉȓț-
ȎȌȈȓ Ȑ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȓȐ șțȝȐȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȖȉȖȎȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȕȖȑȕȣȔ
ȊȍȚȘȖȔ ȋțȉȣ ǷȖȝȖȌȒȈ Ȑȝ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȈȧ Ȑ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȈȧ ȒȈȒ ț
ȓȦȌȍȑ șȌȍȓȈȊȠȐȝ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌ ȐȓȐ ȗȍȘȍțȚȖȔȐȊȠȐȝșȧ
ȖȚ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȑ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ Ƕǵǰ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȖ-
ȒȐȕțȓȐ ȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ Ȑ ȗȖȍȝȈȓȐ Ȓ șȍȉȍ
ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ
ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓșȧ ǺȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȍȘȏȒȐ Ȑ
ȕȍ ȔȐȋȈȓȐ Ȉ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȈȧ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȈȧ Ȑ ȗȘȍȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȔȖȘ-
ȡȐȕȈ ȏȔȍȐȓȈșȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȧȘȒȖ-ȒȘȈșȕȣȝ ȉțȌȚȖ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȝ ȋțȉ
Ƕȕ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȗȖ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȤ ȍȍ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ Ȓ ȊȍȟȍȘț ȒȖȋȌȈ țȎȍ șȋțșȚȐȓȐșȤ șțȔȍȘȒȐ Ȑ ȏȈȉȘȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȏȈȒȖțȓȒȐ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ ǫȘȖȔȖȊ ȕȈȝȓȖ-
ȉțȟȐȊ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȗȖȓțȦ Ƞȓȧȗț țȠȍȓ
ǴȍȑșȕȍȘ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ
 ȕȍ țȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȕȍ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȦ, ȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȕȈ-
Ƞȍȓ Ǫ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȖȔ șȖșțȌȍ ș ȕȈȋȓțȝȖ ȏȈȗȈȧȕȕȣȔ

121
ȋȖȘȌȖȔ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ șȔȍșȤ Ȉ ȒȘțȋȖȔ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȉȈȕȒȐ Ȑ ȉț-
ȚȣȓȐ ș șȍȘȖȑ ȈȔȔȐȈȒȖȔ șȖȌȖȑ Ȑ șȗȐȘȚȖȔ ǵȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȓȐ-
șȚȍ ȜȐȓȤȚȘȖȊȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȉȘȖșȈȕȣ ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȘȖȜȍș-
șȖȘȈ șȓȖȊȈ ©ǫȓțȗȖ țȟȍȕȣȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȚȤ ȏȈȒȓȐȕȈȕȐȧª
ǹȓțȎȐȚȍȓȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ ȥȚȐȝ șȓȖȊ ȕȖ ȏȈȗȖȔȕȐȓ
Ȑ ȊȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȑ ȊȈȎȕȖȑ ȌȍȚȈȓȐ
ǿȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ — ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȅȚț ȚȈȑȕț
ȝȘȈȕȧȚ ȚȖȓșȚȣȍ, șȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȍ Ȑȏ ȋȘțȉȣȝ ȋȓȣȉ ȗȍșȟȈȕȐȒȈ șȚȍ-
ȕȣ ȗȖȔȕȧȡȐȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȋȖ ǸțȌȖȓȤȜȈ ǹȓȍȗȖȋȖ
ǪȍșȤ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȉȣȓ ȊșȚȘȍȊȖȎȍȕ ȖȋȓțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȊȏȘȣȊȖȔ ȏȈ-
șȚȈȊȐȊȠȐȔ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȚȤ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓȤȕȦ șȖȉȖȘȈ Ȑ ȏȈȌȘȍȉȍȏȎȈȚȤ
Ȋșȍ ȖȒȕȈ Ȋ ȌȖȔȈȝ ǷȈșȚȖȘ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȓ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȉȈȠȕȍ ȌȖȓ-
ȋȖ ȒȈȟȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ș ȎȈȓȖȉȕȣȔ ȋțȓȖȔ ȋțȌȍȓȐ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȍ ȎȐȚȍȓȐ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓȐ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȖȊ ȖȕȐ țȊȐ-
ȌȍȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȌ ȘȍȒȖȑ Ȑȏ ȖȒȖȕ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ, ȘȊȍȚșȧ ȕȈȘțȎț
șȖ șȊȐșȚȖȔ Ȑ ȏȓȣȔ ȏȈȊȣȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȗȓȈȔȧ
ǹ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȣȍ ȏȊțȒȐ ȕȈȉȈȚȈ ȒȘȐ-
ȒȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȑ ȚȘȍșȒ ȔȟȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȗȖȎȈȘȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȖȏȈ
ǺȖȓȗȣ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȉȍȋȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȖșȚ
Ȓ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚț Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ țȏȕȈȓȐ ȖȚ șȉȍȎȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ Ȋșȍȝ
ȔȈȓȤȟȐȠȍȒ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȘȐȚ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȧ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ ȀȔȐȌ-
ȚȈ ǶȗȈșȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȗȘȐ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȐ ȗȘȐȟȐȕ Ȑ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ ȗȖ-
ȎȈȘȈ ȌȖȊȍȘȧȚȤ șȓȖȊȈȔ șȓțȎȐȚȍȓȧ ǴȍȑșȕȍȘȈ ȐȓȐ șȓțȟȈȑ-
ȕȣȝ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȞȍȊ ǶȉȘȈȚȐȔșȧ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț Ȓ șțȝȖȔț ȗȘȖȚȖȒȖȓț ȗȖ-
ȓȐȞȍȑșȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȐșșȈȘȈ ȌȖȕȖșȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȤșȚȊț:
©DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȉȣȓ șȉȐȚ Ȑ ȗȖȎȈȘȕȣȔ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȊȏȓȖȔȈȊ ȏȈ-
ȗȍȘȚțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȦ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȜȍșșȖȘȈ ȝȐȔȐȐ ȚȈȑȕȖȋȖ șȖȊȍȚȕȐȒȈ ȀȔȐȌȚȈ ȚȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ ȊȖ-
ȠȍȌȠȐȝ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒȖȊ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓȈșȤ șȓȍȌțȦȡȈȧ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ ǻ șȚȖȓȈ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȊȕȐȏ ȓȍ-
ȎȈȓ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȀȔȐȌȚ ǵȈ ȕȍȋȖ șȖ șȚȖȓȈ ȋțșȚȖȑ șȚȘțȍȑ șȚȍ-
ȒȈȓȈ ȓȐȗȒȈȧ, ȚțșȒȓȖ șȊȍȚȧȡȈȧșȧ șȓȐȏȤ Ȑ, ȕȍȗȖșȚȐȎȐȔȖ ȉȣ-
șȚȘȖ ȊȣȌȊȐȋȈȧ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȡțȗȈȓȤȞȈȔ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȖȚȘȖșȚȒȐ ȌȊȐ-
ȋȈȓȈșȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
ǬȍȘȍȊȖ ȖȌȍȎȌȈ Ȑ ȉțȔȈȋȈ ȗȘȐ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȐ ș ȥȚȖȑ ȎȐ-
ȊȖȑ șȓȐȏȤȦ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȓȐ Ȉ șȓȐȏȤ ȗȖȓȏȓȈ ȌȈȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȧ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȐȍ ǫȖȓȖȊȈ ȗȘȖȜȍș-

122
șȖȘȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ șȢȍȌȍȕȈ ȒȖȎȈ ȔțșȒțȓȣ Ȑ ȌȈ-
Ȏȍ ȟȍȘȍȗ — Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȒȘȖȊȈȊțȦ ȔȈșșț ǬȖȒȚȖȘ
ǫȘȖȔȖȊ — ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȕȈȠ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ȑȏ ǸȖșșȐȐ Șțș-
șȒȐȑ țȟȍȕȣȑ — șȐȌȍȓ ȖȚȒȐȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȒț ȒȘȍșȓȈ Ƕȕ
ȉȣȓ ȔȍȘȚȊ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȊȘȈȟȐ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȊȉȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȋȓț-
ȉȖȒȖ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȤ ȖșȒȖȓȒȐ ȚȖȓșȚȖȋȖ șȚȍȒȓȈ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȓȐ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ
ǵȈȝȖȌȐȊȠȈȧșȧ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȗȖȋȐȉȠȐȔȐ ȌȍȊȐȞȈ dzȈțȘȈ ȐșȚȈȧȓȈ
ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉȍșșȓȍȌȕȖ ǭȍ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȓȖ ȕȈ ȔȍȓȤȟȈȑȠȐȍ
ȟȈșȚȐ ȊȏȘȣȊȖȔ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȐȕ ȋȓȈȏ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȑȌȍȕ Ȋ șȚȍȕȍ ȗȘȐ-
șȚȈȊȠȐȔ Ȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȕȍȘȖȊȕȖșȚȐª
ǺȈȒ ȌȖȕȖșȐȓ ȒȖȔȐșșȈȘ ȕȖ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȗȘȐ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍ
șțȌȍȉȕȣȑ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤ Ȑ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȑ ȊȘȈȟ ȌȖȗȖȓȕȧȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȖȜȐ-
ȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ȊȍșȤȔȈ șțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȧ-
ȔȐǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ, Ȗ ȋȓȈȏȍ dzȈțȘȣ ȅȚȖȚ șȐȕȐȑ ȒȈȒ țȚȘȍȕȕȍȍ
ȕȍȉȖ ȋȓȈȏ ȊȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ șȚȍȕȣ ȉȓȍșȚȍȓ Ȑ ș ȊȍȓȐ-
ȟȈȊȣȔ șȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȍȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ Ȑ ȎȐȊȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ
Ƕȕ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȉȓȍșȚȍȓ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȝ ȠȓȖ șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ Ȑ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȓȐșȤ Ȋșȍ ȜȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȍȕȐȍȔ ȎȍȘȚȊ ȕȈțȟȕȖȑ ȓȦȉȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ
ǯȈȚȍȔ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ ȝȖȚȧ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȖȉȢȧșȕȐȔȖȍ ȕȈ-
ȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȍ șȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȥȚȐ Ȏȍ ȓȐȞȈ ǵȈ șȚȖȓȍ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȖșȚȈȚ-
ȒȈȔȐ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ șȖșțȌȈ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȢȍȌȍȕȕȣȑ șȓȐȏȤȦ
Ȑ ȖȋȕȍȔ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȋȈȔȍȕȚ ǵȈ ȕȍȔ ȉȣȓȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȏȕȈ-
ȒȐ ȐȓȐ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȌȈȎȍ ȉțȒȊȣ Ȑ șȓȖȊȈ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈ-
ȒȘȣȚȖ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖ-ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ șȓȍȌȖȔ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ ș ȌȓȐȕȕȣ-
ȔȐ Ȑ ȝțȌȣȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ǺȈȒȐȍ Ȏȍ ȌȊȈ șȓȍȌȈ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȐșȤ ȕȈ
ȌȊțȝ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȣȝ șȚȍȕȈȝ Ȑ ȉȣȓȐ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȊȌȈȊȓȍȕȣ Ȋ
ȠȚțȒȈȚțȘȒț Ȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ǴȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ
ȋȐȋȈȕȚ țȗȍȘșȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȋ șȚȍȕȣ Ȑ șȐȓȐȓșȧ ȘȈȏȌȊȐȕțȚȤ Ȑȝ Ȑ
ȗȖȊȈȓȐȚȤ ȅȚȖ ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȈȊȌȖȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȔ ȟȚȖ ȊȌȖȓȤ
ȊșȍȋȖ șȊȖȌȈ ȏȔȍȍȑ ȊȐȓȈșȤ ȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ Ȑ ȠȐȘȖȒȈȧ ȚȘȍȡȐȕȈ
ǬȖȓȋȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ ȗȖȒȈ șȓȐȏȤ ȕȍ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ șȖȊșȍȔ Ȋ ȏȌȈ-
ȕȐȐ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ ǭȍ ȏȈȘȖȌȣȠȐ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ:
ȗȖȍȌȈȦȚ ȒȕȐȋȐ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȧȚ ȘȈȏȘțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ
ȗȖȎȈȘȣ
dzȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȧ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ ȀȔȐȌȚȈ șȚȖȐȚ Ȑ ȗȖȕȣȕȍ ȖȉȋȖ-
ȘȍȓȈȧ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȈȧ ȊșȍȔȐ ȏȈȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȈȧ Ǫ ȕȍȑ ȋȕȍȏȌȧȚșȧ ȗȈț-

ȒȐ ȔȖȒȘȐȞȣ Ȑ ȚȣșȧȟȍȕȖȎȒȐ Ȉ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȞȣȒȈȦȚ ȓȍȚțȟȐȍ ȔȣȠȐ
ǯȈȍȏȎȈȑȚȍ Ȋ șȚȈȘȣȑ dzȍȖȉȍȕ Ȑ șȓȖȊȖȖȝȖȚȓȐȊȣȑ șȓțȎȐ-
ȚȍȓȤ ǴȍȑșȕȍȘ ȘȈșșȒȈȎȍȚ ȊȈȔ ȊșȦ ȥȚț ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ
ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȧȔȐ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȑ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȘȈȊȌȖȗȖ-
ȌȖȉȕȣȔȐ

Ƕǵ ǴǶǵǻǶ ǿȀǮǾǼDZǼ
ȁǻǶǰdzǾǿǶȀdzȀǮ

125
1
Ǫ ȝȐȔȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȋȖ
țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ, ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȗȖȏȌȕȐȑ ȟȈș ȏȈ șȊȖȐȔȐ șȚȖȓȈȔȐ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȈȓȐ șȚțȌȍȕȚȣ Ǫ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ șȊȖȌȟȈȚȖȑ ȏȈȓȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȐȝȖ ȇȘ-
ȒȖ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȓȈȔȗȣ, Ȉ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ șȚȖȧȓ ȚȖȚ Țț-
ȔȈȕ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȐșȟȍȏȈȍȚ Ȋ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȧȝ DzȖȍ-ȋȌȍ
ȌȣȔȐȓȐșȤ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșȣ ǹȚțȌȍȕȚȣ ȘȍȌȒȖ Ȑ ȕȍȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈ-
ȘȐȊȈȓȐ ǹȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȓȐȠȤ ȊȖȘȟȓȐȊȣȑ șȚțȒ ȊȍȕȚȐȓȧȚȖȘȈ Ȑ ȠȐ-
ȗȍȕȐȍ ȋȖȘȧȡȍȋȖ ȋȈȏȈ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓșȧ ȊșȗȓȍșȒ ȊȖȌȣ ȊȣȓȐ-
ȊȈȍȔȖȑ Ȋ ȘȈȒȖȊȐȕț ȗȖȌ ȒȘȈȕȖȔ
DzȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȚȖȓșȚȣȑ șȚțȌȍȕȚ ȘȈșȒȈȟȐȊȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ ȚȈ-
ȉțȘȍȚȒȍ Țȧȕțȓ ȔȖȕȖȚȖȕȕțȦ ȕȍȔȍȞȒțȦ ȗȍșȍȕȒț Ȑ ȓȍȕȐȊȖ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȓȐșȚȣȊȈȓ ȚȖȓșȚȣȑ ©Handbuch», ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧ ȕȈ
șȊȍȚ șȚȈȒȈȕ ș ȒȐȗȧȡȍȑ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȤȦ
Ǫ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȔ țȋȓț ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȐ ȘȈȉȖ-
ȚȈȓȐ ȚȘȖȍ șȚțȌȍȕȚȖȊ Ȑȏ ǸȖșșȐȐ ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȠȐ-
ȘȖȒȖȗȓȍȟȐȑ ǴȐȝȈȐȓ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ șȚȖȧȓ ț ȊȣȚȧȎȕȖȋȖ ȠȒȈȜȈ
Ȑ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓȍȌȐȓ ȏȈ șȚȖȓȉȐȒȖȔ ȘȚțȚȐ Ȋ ȚȍȘȔȖȔȍȚȘȍ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȕȈ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȔ ȚȘȍȕȖȎȕȐȒȍ șȚȖȧȓ ȚȖȓșȚȣȑ ȟț-
ȋțȕȕȣȑ șȖșțȌ Ȋ ȋȖȘȓȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȊșȚȈȊȓȍȕȣ ȚȍȘȔȖȔȍȚȘ
Ȑ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȐȓȤȕȐȒ Ǫ ȖȝȓȈȎȌȈȍȔȖȑ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍȑ ȚȘțȉ-
Ȓȍ ȗȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈȔ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȔȍȓȒȐȍ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȍ ȒȘȐșȚȈȓ-
ȓȣ Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȓȈȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȎȍȓȚȖȍ ȔȈșȓȖ șȚȍȒȈȦȡȍȍ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȚȕȖ Ȑȏ ȝȖȓȖȌȐȓȤȕȐȒȈ Ȋ ȟțȋțȕȕȣȑ șȖșțȌ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ ȕȍ șȗț-
șȒȈȓ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈ ș ȒȖȓȍȉȓȦȡȍȋȖșȧ șȚȖȓȉȐȒȈ ȚȍȘȔȖȔȍȚȘȈ Ȑ, ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȘȚțȚȤ ȕȈȟȐȕȐȓȈ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȚȤșȧ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȋȈșȐȓ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȋȖ-
ȘȧȡȐȑ ȗȖȌ ȚȘȍȕȖȎȕȐȒȖȔ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓ Ȓ șȖșțȌț ȔȖȒȘȣȍ
ȚȘȧȗȒȐ ș ȏȈȊȍȘȕțȚȣȔ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȓȤȌȖȔ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȕȈȋȐȉȈȓșȧ Ȑ
ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȘȐȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȧ țȝȖ Ȓ ȟțȋțȕț șȓțȠȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȠȐȗȧ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȚȘȍșȒȐȊȈȧ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȒȐȗȍȓȖ Ȑ ȉțȘȓȐȓȖ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȉȍșȞȊȍȚ-
ȕȖȍ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȖȍ ȗȓȈȔȧ ȋȈȏȈ ȉȘȖșȈȓȖ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȖ șȚțȌȍȕȚȈ ȔȍȘȚ-
Ȋȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȖȓȍȉȓȦȡȐȍșȧ ȚȍȕȐ Ȑ ȏȈȎȐȋȈȓȖ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȝȖȓȖȌ-
ȕȣȍ ȖȋȕȐ
ǷȖȘȖȑ ț ȊȣȝȖȌȈ Ȑȏ șȖșțȌȈ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȓȐ ȋȖȓțȉȣȍ ȧȏȣȒȐ
Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȖ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ ȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȐȏȊȐȓȐșȚȣȍ
șȚȘțȐ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȋȖ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȌȣȔȈ

126
ǷȖȒȈ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȏȈȔȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȋȐȗșȖȔ ȚȘȍȡȐȕȣ
Ȋ ȗȘȖȉȒȍ Ȑ ȗȓȈȔȧ ȋȈșȓȖ Ȑȏ Ȋșȍȝ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȑ șȉȍȋȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍ-
ȔȍȞȒȐȍ șȚțȌȍȕȚȣ Ȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ ȌȣȔ,
ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȗȈȌȈȦȡȐȑ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ.
ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ șȚțȌȍȕȚȖȊ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȘțșșȒȐȔ Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
— ǪȈȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȌ ȥȚȖȑ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȍȑ ȚȧȋȖȚȍȍȚ
ȏȓȖȑ ȘȖȒ" ǬȖ ȊȈș ȗȣȚȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ ȥȚț ȘȈȉȖȚț țȎȍ ȚȘȖȍ ȝȐ-
ȔȐȒȖȊ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȖȕȐ ȗȖșȚȘȈȌȈȓȐ ǶȌȕȖȋȖ șȐȓȤȕȣȔ ȊȏȘȣȊȖȔ țȉȐ-
ȓȖ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȐșȒȈȓȍȟȐȓȖ
— ǬȈ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ — ǷȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ ȗȘȍȌț-
ȗȘȍȎȌȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȖ ȧ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȘȈȉȖȚț
ǵȍȔȍȞȒȐȑ șȚțȌȍȕȚ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖȚȖȠȍȓ ȉȖȘȔȖȟȈ
— DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȊȈȠȍ ȗȖșȒȖȓȤȒț ȊȈȠȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȕȍ
ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȐȚȤ ȕȈȔ țȡȍȘȉȈ
ǺȖȡȐȑ, țȏȒȖȋȘțȌȣȑ ȗȖȓȧȒ DzȖȕȚșȒȐȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦȡȐȑ Ȋ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȔ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ ș DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊȣȔ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǿȚȖ ȘțșșȒȖȔț ȏȌȖȘȖȊȖ ȚȖ ȕȍȔȞț șȔȍȘȚȤ!
— ǪȍȘȕȖ — ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȉȈșȖȔ ȌȘțȋ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊȈ ǹȐȓȐȕ. —
ǵȈȠȍȋȖ ȉȘȈȚȈ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȔ ȊȏȘȣȊȖȔ ȕȍ ȏȈȠȐȉȍȠȤ ǿȍȋȖ ȍȋȖ
ȉȖȧȚȤșȧ" ǵȍ Ȋșȍ ȓȐ ȘȈȊȕȖ"
— DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ — șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ — ǵȍ Ȋșȍ ȓȐ ȘȈȊȕȖ?
DzțȌȈ ȚțȚ ȌȍȕȍȠȤșȧ" ǬȖȔȖȑ ȕȍȏȈȟȍȔ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȚȤșȧ ǺȈȔ ȌȐȗ-
ȓȖȔ ȕȍ șȒȖȘȖ ȗȖȓțȟȐȠȤ Ȉ ȕȈȌȖ Ȏȍ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȚȤ ȎȐȏȕȤ —țș-
ȚȈȓȐ ȊȍȌȤ" Ǩ ȚțȚ...
— Ǻȍȉȍ ȔȍȌȈȓȤ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ ȊȟȍȘȈ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ ȍșȓȐ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȠȤ
ȍȋȖ ȘȈȉȖȚț" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ DzȖȕȚșȒȐȑ ȏȈȒțȘȐȊȈȧ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșț
— ǬȖ Ȑ ȈșșȐșȚȍȕȚȖȔ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȗȘȐșȚȘȖȐȚȤ — țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ DzȈȘ-
ȚȈȠȍȊ — ǻȎ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȥȚȖȚ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ ȗȘȣȋȈȍȚ ȖȒȖȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ǻ ȕȍ-
ȋȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȍșȚȤ șȊȖȐ ȘȈșȟȍȚȣ ȕȈ ȥȚț ȘȈȉȖȚț Ȉ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ
— ǫȓȧȌȐ — ȕȍ ȗȘȖȌȍȠȍȊȐ ǴȐȠȈ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ǹȐȓȐȕ —
Ǩ ȚȖ ȟȍȋȖ ȌȖȉȘȖȋȖ, Ȑ ȜȐȏȐȖȕȖȔȐȦ Țȍȉȍ șȗȈȓȐȚ Ȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ Țȣ
ȕȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȠȤ ǯȈȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȣȍ țȟȍȕȣȍ ȉȘȈȚ Țȣ ȔȖȑ ȓȦȌȐ ȚȖȕ-
ȒȐȍ ȕȐȒȈȒ Țȣ Ȑȝ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȔ ȔȈȕȍȘȖȔ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȐȠȤ
— ǷȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ! — ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȖȒȘȐȒ Ȑ șȓȣȠȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȈȒ
ȏȈȌȊȐȋȈȓȐșȤ ȚȈȉțȘȍȚȣ Ȑ ȏȈȏȊȍȕȍȓȈ ȗȖșțȌȈ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȈȝ
ǼȓȍȠȍȘ ȒȖȘȍȕȈșȚȣȑ ȒȘȈșȕȖȡȍȒȐȑ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ ș ȚȖȓșȚȖȑ
Ƞȍȍȑ Ȑ ȒȘțȋȓȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȕȐ ș ȒȍȔ ȕȍ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȈȧșȤ Ƞȍȓ ȗȘȧ-
ȔȖ Ȋ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȘțșșȒȐȝ șȚțȌȍȕȚȖȊ ǹ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍȔ

127
Ȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȔ Ȗȕ ȊȣșȓțȠȈȓ ȌȖȒȓȈȌ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊȈ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȒȘȐ-
șȚȈȓȓȣ ȖșȈȎȐȊȈȦȡȐȍșȧ Ȋ ȚȘțȉȒȍ ȝȖȓȖȌȐȓȤȕȐȒȈ, Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǺȍȗȍȘȤ țȎȍ șȒȖȘȖ ǶȗȈșȕȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȏȈ-
ȒȈȕȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ǷȍȘȊȖȍ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȚ Ȑ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚȍ
ȚȈȒ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȚȤșȧ hȍȋȋ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ
— ȇ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȋ-ȕ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ țȓȣ-
ȉȈȧșȤ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ — ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȊȖȓȕțȦșȤ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȘȍȗ-
ȒȐȍ ȕȍȘȊȣ Ȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȍ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍ
— ǶȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ — ȏȈȒȐȊȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȌȈȊ ȘțȒț șȚțȌȍȕȚț ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȊȣȝȖȌț ȠȈȘȒȈȧ Țț-
ȜȓȧȔȐ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȧ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȦ Ȓȓțȉȣ șȐȋȈȘȕȖȋȖ ȌȣȔȈ ǵȍȔȍȞ-
ȒȐȍ ȉțȘȠȐ ș ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ Ȑ ȏȈȊȐșȚȤȦ ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȖȚ-
ȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȘțșșȒȐȝ Ȑ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȐ Ȗ ǼȓȍȠȍȘȍ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȕȍȔȞȣ țȠȓȐ ȘțșșȒȐȍ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ Ȑ
țȎȍ Ȋ ȖȒȕȈȝ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȉȘȍȏȎȐȚȤ șȊȍȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȏȈȔȒȕțȊ șȊȖȐ
șȚȖȓȣ Ȑ ȠȒȈȜȣ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȦ
2
ǷȍȘȍȌ șȈȔȣȔȐ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒȈȔȐ ǸȖȎȌȍșȚȊȈ ȏȈȝȊȖȘȈȓ DzȖȕȚ-
șȒȐȑ ǬȊȖȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ ȗȖ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȐ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȐșȤ ȌȖȔȈ Ȑ, șȐȌȧ
ș ȕȐȔ ȗȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈȔ ȟȐȚȈȓȐ Ȋșȓțȝ Ǫ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȊ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ
ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȐȕ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȗȘȐȉȍȎȈȓ
șȓțȎȐȚȍȓȤ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ ȗȘȖșȐȚ ȍȋȖ Ȓ șȍ-
ȉȍ DzȊȈȘȚȐȘȈ ǼȓȍȠȍȘȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈȌ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȍȑ ǷȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ
ȗȘȐȕȧȓ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊȈ ț șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ DzȘȈșȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ Ǽȓȍ-
ȠȍȘȈ Ȑ șȍȘȣȍ ȕȈȊȣȒȈȚȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȣ
— ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ ȊȈȔ ȌȍȓȖ herȋ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ, — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ Ƞȍ-
ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȑ ȊșȚȈȊ ȉȣșȚȘȣȔ ȠȈȋȖȔ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȑ ȗȓȖȚȕȍȍ
ȗȘȐȒȘȣȓ ȍȍ — ǶȟȍȕȤ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȇ ȉțȌț ș ȊȈȔȐ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍ-
ȕȍȕ ȒȈȒ ș ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȊȈȠț șȒȘȖȔȕȖșȚȤ
DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȦȡȐȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ǼȓȍȠȍ-
ȘȈ Ȑ ȎȌȈȓ
— Ǫȣ ȌȍȓȈȍȚȍ ȘȈȉȖȚț ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ț Ȕȍȕȧ șȊȧȏȈȕȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ
ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȝ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȝ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȐ dzȦȌȐ ȏȓȣ herr DzȈȘ-

128
ȚȈȠȍȊ Ȑ ȟȈșȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȕȍ
ȕȈȌȖ ȐȔ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ
DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ
— Ǫȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȚȍȔȈ ȕȈȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȋȣ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚȍ ȕȍ-
ȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȊȈȎȕȈ Ȍȓȧ Ȋșȍȑ ȒȘȈșȐȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ
herr DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ" ǯȈ ȍȍ ȘȈȏȘȈȉȖȚȒț ȜȈȉȘȐȒȈȕȚȣ ȌȈȌțȚ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȐȍ Ȗ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ
— ȇ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȦ ȋ-ȕ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ǭșȓȐ Ȕȕȍ țȌȈșȚșȧ ȕȈȑȚȐ
ȓȍȋȒȐȑ Ȑ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȣȑ șȗȖșȖȉ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȐȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȈ —
ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȘȖȚ Ȋ ȒȘȈșȐȓȤȕȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ
— ǵȖ Ȋȣ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ Ȗ ȊȈȠȐȝ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ" —
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ
— ǻșȓȖȊȐȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȏȈȊȐșȍȚȤ ȖȚ ȊȈș Ƕ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȖȓțȟț ȒȈȒ
țȟȍȕȣȑ-ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤ ȊȈȔȐ țȎȍ Ȕȕȍ ȏȈȧȊȓȍȕȖ ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȒȈ-
șȈȍȚșȧ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ
— ȇ ȊȈș ȖȏȖȓȖȟț — ȏȈȠȍȗȚȈȓ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ — ǶȏȖȓȖȟț ȕȖ ȗȘȐ
ȖȌȕȖȔ țșȓȖȊȐȐ ǷȘȐ țșȓȖȊȐȐ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ Ȑ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ
ȖȚȒȘȖȍȚȍ șȍȒȘȍȚȈ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȈ ǹȖȋȓȈș-
ȕȣ"ǹȚțȌȍȕȚ șȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȔ ȘȈȏȌțȔȤȍ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈ ǼȓȍȠȍȘȈ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ:
— ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț șȖȋȓȈșȐȚȤșȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȧ Țȍȝ ȗȘȐȟȐȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȊȈș ȚȈȒ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȊȣșȚȈȊȓȧȚȤ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ ȥȓȍ-
ȔȍȕȚȈȘȕȣȍ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȐȧ
— ȅȚȖ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ ȐȕȚȐȔȕȖȋȖ șȊȖȑșȚȊȈ, herr DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ ȗȘȐ-
ȟȐȕȣ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȍȔȍȑȕȣȍ! — ȏȈȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓșȧ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ
— ǰ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȋ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȧ Ȑȝ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț șȖȋȓȈ-
șȐȚȤșȧ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȐȍ țșȓȖȊȐȧ
ǼȓȍȠȍȘ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȗȖ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚț ȝȊȈȚȈȓșȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȏȈ
ȋȖȓȖȊț ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ȖȚȘȣȊȖȟȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȉȖȘȧșȤ ș ȕȈ-
ȝȓȣȕțȊȠȐȔȐ ȗȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȔȣșȓȧȔȐ Ƕȕ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ DzȈȘ-
ȚȈȠȍȊȣȔ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ șȌȊȐȋȈȧ ȉȘȖȊȐ Ȑ ȒȘȐȊȧ
ȋțȉȣ Ȋ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕțȦ țȓȣȉȒț
— ǵȍȚ — ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ. — ǻȋȖȌȕȖ ȊȈȔ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȔȖȐ
țșȓȖȊȐȧ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ș ȔȖȍȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȐȏȓȐȧȕȐȑ — ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ
Ǫ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ — ȒȈȒ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ
ǰȏ ȌȈȓȤȕȐȝ ȒȖȔȕȈȚ ȌȖȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȏȊțȒȐ ȘȖȧȓȧ Ȑ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ
ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ș șȊȖȍȋȖ ȔȍșȚȈ

129
— ǵȍȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȇ ȊȈȔ ȕȍ șȒȈȎț ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ǬȈ Ȑ ȕȍ-
ȟȍȋȖ Ȋ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ
ǪșȚȘȍȊȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȖȗȍȟȈȓȍȕȕȣȑ, țȝȖȌȐȓ ȖȚ ǼȓȍȠȍȘȈ DzȈȘ-
ȚȈȠȍȊ ǷȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȕȍ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȍȔț ȘțȒț Ȑ ȕȍ
ȗȖȠȍȓ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȌȖ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ
ǪȣȑȌȧ ȖȚ ǼȓȍȠȍȘȈ șȚțȌȍȕȚ șȊȍȘȕțȓ ȕȈ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘ ȕȖ ȓȐȠȤ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗȕ ȏȈȠȍȓ ȏȈ țȋȖȓ ȏȌȍșȤ ȍȋȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȖȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȅȚȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȈ Ȑ șȚȘȖȑȕȈ ǵȈ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȔ ȓȐ-
Ȟȍ ȍȍ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȗȖȓȕȣȍ Ȗȋȕȧ ȋȓȈȏȈ
— Ǫȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ȇ ȎȍȕȈ ȗȘȖȜȍș-
șȖȘȈ ǼȓȍȠȍȘȈ ȇ ȎȌȈȓȈ ȊȈș ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ șȓȣȠȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȘȈȉȖ-
ȚȈȍȚȍ ȕȈȌ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȈȓȤȜȈ-ȗȐȋȔȍȕȚȈ.
— ǬȈ șțȌȈȘȣȕȧ ȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦ Ȋ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȔțȎȈ
— ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ș ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȕȐȍȔ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖșȍ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ
— Ǫȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ — șȚȘȈșȚȕȖ Ȋȣ-
ȘȊȈȓȖșȤ ț ȕȍȍ.
— Ƕ ȕȍȚ șțȌȈȘȣȕȧ — ȗȖȎȈȓ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ — ȇ Ȍȍ-
ȓȈȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȕȈ ȏȈȌȈȕȕțȦ Ȕȕȍ ȚȍȔț ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȔȖȧ ȒȈȘȤȍ-
ȘȈ ȏȈȊȐșȐȚ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ǵȕȍ ȕȍȚ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈ-
ȒȐȍ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ șȊȧȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖ-
ȘȈ ǼȓȍȠȍȘȈ ș ȥȚȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ Ǵȕȍ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȚȤ
ȔȖȍ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȧ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȒȖȕȟț
— ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȋȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍȔȍȞ ȧ ȉȣ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ
Ȓ ȊȈȔ ș ȚȈȒȐȔ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ ȌȈȎȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȌȍȘȏȒȐȔ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ ǵȖ Ȋȣ — șȓȈȊȧȕȐȕ Ȋȣ — ȘțșșȒȐȑ Ȋȣ Ȋșȍ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȐ Ȑ
ȐȌȍȈȓȐșȚȣ Ǫȣ ȗȖȑȔȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȍ ȌȈȎȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ ȅȚȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȖȉȈȋȘȍȕȈ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ DzȘȖ-
ȊȤȦ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
— DzȘȖȊȤȦ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ" — țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ —ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ
ǬȈ Ǵȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ țȎȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȖșȚȘȈȌȈȓȐ
ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ
— ǩȣȓ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȗȖșȚȘȈȌȈȊȠȐȑ țȎȈșȕȖ — ȏȈȊȖȓȕȖȊȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ ȕȍȘȊȕȖ ȚȍȘȍȉȧ ȗțȋȖȊȐȞȣ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȎȈ-
ȒȍȚȈ — ǷȖșȚȘȈȌȈȊȠȐȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȋșȍȝ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȕȍșȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖ
ȚȈȒ ȕȍșȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖ
ǶȕȈ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓȈ ȕȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊȈ ȏȈ ȘțȒț
Ȑ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ Ȗȕ țșȗȍȓ șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȋȖșȗȖ-
ȎȈ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȓȈ ȍȍ

130
— Dz ȊȈȔ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ ȖȌȐȕ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȑ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ — ȠȍȗȕțȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ǪȣșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖȎȈȓȍȑȚȍ
Ƕȕ ȏȈșȓțȎȐȓ ȥȚȖȋȖ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓȈ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȑ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ
Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȉȍȏȔȖȓȊȕȖ Ȑ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȕȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȍȓȐ ȌȘțȋ
ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȈ
— ǷȘȖȡȈȑȚȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȑ ȗȖȠȓȈ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȊ ȍȔț Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ
— ȇ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȣșȓțȠȈȦ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ
Ȋȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȕȕȍ — ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȖȚ ȍȑ ȊȌȖȋȖȕȒț
3
ǬȖȔȈ șȚțȌȍȕȚȣ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȖȉșțȎȌȈȓȐ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȖȐș-
ȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȗȘȐȑȚȐ Ȓ ȒȈȒȖȔț-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȦ
ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȖȕȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȓȐșȤ ȖȎȐȌȈȧ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȖșȓȖȎȕȍ-
ȕȐȑ ȕȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚȤ șȔȍȠȕȣȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȑ
ȥȚȖȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ǹȐȓȐȕ ȗȘȖȏȊȈȓ ȈȓȤȜȈ-ȗȐȋȔȍȕȚ ȗȖȓțȟȈȍȔȣȑ
DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊȣȔ ©ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȑ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȑ ȚȈȑȕȖȑª ȐȓȐ ©ȋȖȘȧȟȐȔ
ȗȖȞȍȓțȍȔ Ȋ Û — ȗȖ ǾȍȓȤșȐȦª
DzȖȕȚșȒȐȑ ȗȖȏȌȘȈȊȐȓ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ ș ȏȈȊȧȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȘȖȔȈ-
ȕȖȔ
— ǯȕȈȍȠȤ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ, — ȟȚȖ Țȣ șȌȍȓȈȑ?
ǶȒȈȕȟȐȊȈȑ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȗȘȖȌȈȊȈȑ șȊȖȑ ȗȐȋȔȍȕȚ ȒțȗȞȈȔ țȊȖȏȐ
ȟțȊșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ Frau Ȑ ȕȈȚȧȕȐ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ-ȗȘȍȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȕȖș
ȒȘȈșȕȖȔț ǼȓȍȠȍȘț ǪȖȚ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖȚȍȝȈ ǫȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȔȍȞ
ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕț ȊȣȌțȊȈȓ ȕț Ȉ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȊȍșȍȓȖȑ ȠȚțȒȐ Ȑ șȖȚȕȍ ȕȍȔ-
ȞȍȊ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȚȤ!
—ǪȈȔ ȓȍȋȒȖ șȔȍȧȚȤșȧ — ȊȖȏȘȈȎȈȓ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ — Ǩ Ȕȕȍ
ȒȈȒȖȊȖ" ǬȍȓȈȦ ȚȘțȌȕțȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț ǨȓȜȈ-ȗȐȋȔȍȕȚ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ
ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ șȕȍșȚȐ Ȕȕȍ ȋȖȓȖȊț ǯȈ ȕȐȔ țȎȍ ȚȘțȗ Ȑ
ȒȈȓȍȒȐ ǶȒȖȓȖ ȕȍȋȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ș ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȔ Ȑ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȐȔ ȕȈ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȋȖȘȍȔ ǺțȚ Ȏȍ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ șȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ
ȖȗȈșȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍȔ ǭșȚȤ ȕȈȌ ȟȍȔ ȗȖȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȍȘȚ ȗȖȌȍ-
ȘȐ ǺȈȒțȦ ȏȈȌȈȓȐ ȏȈȋȈȌȒț ȟȚȖ ȝȖȚȤ ȒțȌȈ Ǩ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ ȉȖȦșȤ
ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȍ ȥȚȖȚ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ Ȋ ȖȚȔȍșȚȒț Ȕȕȍ ȏȈ ȕȍșȖȋȓȈșȐȍ

131
ȔȖȓȟȈȚȤ șȚȈȕȍȚ ȕȈȔ ȔșȚȐȚȤ ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ Ȏȍ Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȈȔ ȕȍ
țȌȈșȚșȧ ȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȚȤ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȈȔȖșȚȖȧ-
ȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ?
— ǷȖȒȈ Țȣ ȊȖȏȐȠȤșȧ șȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȗȐȋȔȍȕȚȖȔ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ ȕȈș
ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍ ȚȘȖȕȍȚ — ȌȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ DzȖȕȚșȒȐȑ — ǭȔț ȕȈȌȖ ȗȖ-
ȓțȟȐȚȤ ȥȚț ȘȈȉȖȚț Ǻȣ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȠȤ ȍȍ ȕȍ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȈȗȘȍȓȧ Ǵȣ
Ȏȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȈȍȔșȧ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ Ȓ ȒȖȕȞț ȜȍȊȘȈȓȧ Ȑ ȉțȌȍȔ ȎȌȈȚȤ Țȍ-
ȉȧ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ țȎȍ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȝ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕ
ǸȈȉȖȚȈ ț șȚțȌȍȕȚȖȊ ȒȐȗȍȓȈ ǶȕȐ șȌȈȓȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȥȒȏȈ-
Ȕȍȕȣ Ȑ țșȍȘȌȕȖ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ ȏȈȒȈȕȟȐȊȈȧ șȈ-
ȔȖșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȚȘȍȉțȍȔȣȍ ȖȚ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȖȊ ȜȐȓȖ-
șȖȜȐȐ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȔȐ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈȔȐ
DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ ȊȍșȤ țȠȍȓ Ȋ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȕȣȍ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȧ ǭȋȖ ȟțȚ-
ȒȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ țȔȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȌȟȈș Ȕȍȓ-
ȒȐȔȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȔȐ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȍȑ Ȑ ȖșȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȍ ȏȕȈȕȐȧ țȎȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȊȣȌȊȐȕțȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȘȧȌȈ șȈȔȣȝ șȗȖ-
șȖȉȕȣȝ șȚțȌȍȕȚȖȊ
ǺȖșȒȈ ȗȖ ǸȖșșȐȐ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȘȖȌȐȕț ȟțȊșȚȊȖ
ȖȚȟțȎȌȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȖȚ ȔȍșȚȕȖȋȖ șȚțȌȍȕȟȍșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȈȧ ȊȘȈȎ-
ȌȍȉȕȖșȚȤ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ-ȕȍȔȞȍȊ șȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȔȒȕțȚȣȔ Ȑ ȕȍ
ȗȖ-ȦȕȖȠȍșȒȐ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȔ Ȑ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȣȔ Ǫșȍ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȣȊȈ-
ȓȖ ȍȔț ȉȓȍșȚȧȡțȦ ȒȈȘȤȍȘț țȟȍȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȜȍșșȖȘȈ ȕȍȌȖȓȦȉȓȐȊȈȦȡȐȍ șȊȖȐȝ ȘțșșȒȐȝ țȟȍȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȓȈȋȈȓȐ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊț ȖșȚȈȚȤșȧ ȈșșȐșȚȍȕȚȖȔ Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
Ȋ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȐ ȒȈȜȍȌȘȣ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȖȚȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓ ȘȍȠȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȖȚȊȍȚ
ǩțȘȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȍȔȖȍ ǸȖșșȐȍȑ ȊȖȌȖȊȖȘȖȚ șȖȉȣ-
ȚȐȑ ȕȈȓȍȚȍȊȠȐȝ ȚȈȒ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ Ȑ ȔȖȡȕȖ ȕȈȘțȠȐȓȐ Țȍȟȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȎȐȏȕȐ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȖȊ ǵȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȕȈ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȍ ȒțȘșȈ ț
DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ șȘȍȌșȚȊ ȕȈ ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȖȍ ȒȈȒ
ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȔȕȖȋȐȔ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȍ țșȗȖȒȖȍȕȐȧ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȊȏȊȖȓ-
ȕȖȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ ǪȣȉȐȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȏȍ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋț
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖșȤ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȔ
DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ ȉȣȓ șȐȘȖȚȈ ǻ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȞȣ ȍȋȖ
ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑ ȚȍȡȐ ȐȓȐ ȉȈȉȒȐ ȝȘȈȕȐȓȐșȤ ȖșȚȈȊȠȐȍșȧ
ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȚȞȈ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȖȚ Șțȉȓȍȑ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ
DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȑ, ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȘȍȠȐȓșȧ Ƕȕ Ȋȏȧȓ ȥȚȐ
ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȑ ȕȈȑȌȧ șȘȍȌȐ șȊȖȐȝ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ ȌȊȖȐȝ ș ȕȍȉȖȓȤ-

132
ȠȐȔȐ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈȔȐ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ, ȒȖȔȔțȕț
Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȚȘȖȍ țȍȝȈȓȐ Ȋ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȦ ǮȐȊȧ șȒȘȖȔȕȖ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȍ-
ȘȍȎȓȐȊȖ ȐȔ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȌȖȚȧȕțȚȤ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȒțȘșȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȉȓȐ-
ȎȈȓșȧ țȎȍ ȌȍȕȤ ȊȘțȟȍȕȐȧ ȐȔ ȌȖȒȚȖȘșȒȐȝ ȌȐȗȓȖȔȖȊ
ǻ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȑȕȈȧ ȔȍȟȚȈ ǻȌȘțȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ
ȍȔț ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȟțȎȉȐȕȍ Ȗȕ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȝȖ-
Țȍȓ ȊȖȑȚȐ Ȋ ȘțșșȒțȦ ȕȈțȒț ǩȍȏ ȌȐȗȓȖȔȈ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȋ
ǸȖșșȐȐ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț Ȗȕ ȘȍȠȐȓ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȏȈ-
ȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȐȐ ȌȖȉȐȚȤșȧ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȔȈȋȐșȚ-
ȘȈ ǪȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ ȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȓ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ
șȖȋȓȈșȐȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȝ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȖȊ ȖȎȐȌȈȧ
Ȓ ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ, ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȕȖȋȖȋȖ ȖȚ ȏȈȒȈȕȟȐȊȈȍȔȖȑ ȐȔ ȚȘțȌȕȖȑ Ȑ
ȖȗȈșȕȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȌȍȒȈȕ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȘȍȒȚȖȘ țȟȍȕȣȑ Ȑ șțȘȖȊȣȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ
ȗȘȖșȐȓȐ ȌȈȚȤ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȕȈ ȓȍșȚȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ,
DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ ș țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ
— ȇ ȏȈȚȘțȌȕȧȦșȤ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȌȈ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ
ȏȕȈȦ ȉțȌț ȓȐ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȎȐȊ ǪȍȌȤ ȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦ ș ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȖȗȈș-
ȕȣȔȐ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȈȔȐ Ȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȚț ȕȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȔȖȍȑ
ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȓȍȒȈȚȤșȧ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ț șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȗȧȚȖȔ ȥȚȈȎȍ ȕȈ Ring¶ȍ ȖȕȐ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕ-
ȕȖ șȔȍȧȓȐșȤ ȕȈȌ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȔȣșȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȘȈșȚȘȖȋȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȓȐ-
ȞȈȔȐ ȌȍȒȈȕȈ Ȑ ȘȍȒȚȖȘȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȔȣșȓȧȡȐȝ Ȋ ȝȐȔȐȐ ȚȈȒ
ȒȈȒ ȖȌȐȕ ȟȐȚȈȓ ȔȍȚȍȖȘȖȓȖȋȐȦ Ȉ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȉȣȓ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȔ
ȉȖȋȖșȓȖȊȖȔ ȌȘțȋȖȔ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȧȘȣȔ ȒȘȐȚȐȒȖȔ ǸȍȕȈ-
ȕȈ ǩȣȓ țȎȍ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȜȍȊȘȈȓȧ Ȑ șȚțȌȍȕȚȣ ȏȈȒȈȕȟȐȊȈȓȐ șȊȖȐ
ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ǶȗȈșȕȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊȈ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖȏȈȌȐ
Ȑ Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȖ șȓȍȌȐȓ ȏȈ ȝȖȌȖȔ șȊȖȍȋȖ Ȑșșȓȍ-
ȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȍȌȊȐȌȧ țȎȍ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȍ ȍȋȖ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȍ.
23-ȋȖ ȜȍȊȘȈȓȧ Ȋ ȕȍȕȈșȚȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȝȖȓȖȌ-
ȕȣȔ ȗȘȖȕȐȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȔ ȌȖ ȒȖșȚȍȑ ȌȖȎȌȍȔ ȗȈȌȈȓ șȕȍȋ șȘȈȏț
ȚȈȧȊȠȐȑ ȕȈ ȈșȜȈȓȤȚȍ țȓȐȞ Ȑ șȖȉȐȘȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ȓțȎȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȗȈ-
ȕȍȓȧȝ Ȋ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȦ Ȓ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊț ȊȉȍȎȈȓȐ DzȖȕȚșȒȐȑ Ȑ ǹȐ-
ȓȐȕ ǶȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ Ȋȍșȍȓȣ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȖȉȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȧ-
Țȍȓȧ ȒȘȐȟȈ
— Ǫșȍ șȌȈȓȐ, Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȜȈȒțȓȤȚȍȚ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ

133
ǫȘțȏȕȣȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ǹȐȓȐȕ ȕȍțȒȓȦȎȍ ȗȖȌȗȘȣȋȐȊȈȧ ȗȓȧ-
șȈȓ Ȑ ȗȍȓ:
— ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȕȖȕȍȠȕȐȑ ȌȍȕȍȟȍȒ ȋțȓȧȦ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȧ ȌȘț-
ȏȤȧ
ǬȊȖȍ ȖșȚȈȊȠȐȝșȧ Ȋ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ șȚțȌȍȕȚȖȊ-ȕȍȔȞȍȊ ș ȕȍ-
ȌȖțȔȍȕȐȍȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȊȍșȍȓȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȌȖȒȚȖ-
ȘȈ Ȉ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȕȣȑ șȓțȎȐȚȍȓȤ Ȋ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȔ șȐȕȍȔ ȝȈ-
ȓȈȚȍ țȓȣȉȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȖȌȖȉȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȚȘȧș ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ.
ǪȍșȍȓȖ ȉȖȓȚȈȧ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ȏȈșȐȌȍȓȐșȤ ț DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊȈ
— ǪȖȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǹȐȓȐȕ — ȗȖȠȓȐ ȉȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȔȍșȚȍ Ȑ
ȗȐȊȞȈ ȉȣ ȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ ȒȈȒ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȉȣȓ ȉȣ Țȣ ȚȖȎȍ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ Ȉ
ȚȖ ȊȚȍȔȧȠȐȓșȧ Țȍȉȍ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȐȋȔȍȕȚ Ȑ ȎȌȐ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȈȗȘȍȓȧ
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ — ȏȈȡȐȡȈȓ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊȈ DzȖȕȚșȒȐȑ — ǯȈȚȖ ǴȐ-
ȠȒȈ ȊȣȑȌȍȚ Ȑȏ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ ș ȌȖȒȚȖȘșȒȐȔ ȌȐȗȓȖȔȖȔ Ȑ ș
ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȑ ȔȍȌȈȓȤȦ ǽȖȚȤ Ȋ Schutzmann’ȣ șȍȑȟȈș
ǷȖȉȍșȍȌȖȊȈȊ Ȑ ȕȈȒțȘȐȊȠȐșȤ ǹȐȓȐȕ ș DzȖȕȚșȒȐȔ șȖȉȘȈ-
ȓȐșȤ țȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ǫ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
Ȋ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȐ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊȈ ȋȖȘȍȓ șȊȍȚ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȠȐȗȍȓȖ
ȒȖȓȍȉȓȦȡȍȍșȧ Ȑ ȘȊțȡȍȍșȧ șȐȕȐȔ ȧȏȣȒȖȔ ȗȓȈȔȧ ȋȈȏȈ
DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȓ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ Ȓ ȊȣȝȖȌț ǵȈ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ
ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȚȍȕȤ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȦȘȒȕțȓȈ ȏȈ ȖȌȕț
Ȑȏ ȒȖȓȖȕȕ
— Ǫȣ ȊȐȌȈȓȐ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ — ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȕȕȍ
ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ" ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȟȍȘȕȖȍ șȗȘȧȚȈȓȖșȤ ȚȈȔ
— ǪȐȌȍȓ Ȑ ȧ, — ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǹȐȓȐȕ —
ǷȖȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ ȕȈȌȖ
ǵȖ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȌȖȑȚȐ Ȓ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȕȍȍ Ȋȣ-
Ƞȍȓ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ǫ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ȓȐȞȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ,
șȓȣȠȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȋȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖȍ Ȑ ȠțȔȕȖȍ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ
— ǿȚȖ ȊȈȔ ȕȈȌȖ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ-ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐ DzȖȕȚșȒȐȑ.
— DzȈȒ Ȋȣ șȦȌȈ ȗȖȗȈȓȐ"
— Ǵȕȍ ȕțȎȍȕ șȚțȌȍȕȚ ȘțșșȒȐȑ șȚțȌȍȕȚ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ
ǪȣșȖȒȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȥȚȖ șȓȖȊȖ Ȑ ȋȓțȝȖ
ȏȈȒȈȠȓȧȓșȧ ȝȊȈȚȈȧșȤ ȏȈ ȋȘțȌȤ Ȑ ȝȘȐȗȓȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȧ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ
— ǷȖȑȌȍȔȚȍ Ȋ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȦ ȚȈȔ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȘȐȔ — ȗȘȍȌ-
ȓȖȎȐȓ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȊȠȐșȤ ȒȚȖ ȉȣȓ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȖșȍȚȐ-
ȚȍȓȤ
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍȚ — ȏȈȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓșȧ ȚȖȚ Ȑ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ — ǺȈȔ

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ǼȓȍȠȍȘ ȧ ȉȖȦșȤ ȍȋȖ Ƕȕ țȉȤȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ țȉȤȍȚ
ǹ ȚȘțȌȖȔ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȍȋȖ țșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤ Ȑ țȉȍȌȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȜȍșșȖȘ țȎȍ ȉȣȓ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ
ǪȣșȖȒȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȖ șȚțȗȈȧ ȕȈ ȞȣȗȖȟȒȈȝ Ȑ
ȗțȋȓȐȊȖ ȖȏȐȘȈȧșȤ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȦ Ƕȕ ȏȈȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ Șț-
ȒȈȔȐ ȖȚ șȊȍȚȈ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȕȐȏȒȖ ȕȈȋȕțȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȌȖȓ-
ȋȖ șȐȌȍȓ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȑ Ȑ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȉȘȖșȈȧ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ-ȌȓȐȕ-
ȕțȦ ȓȖȔȈȦȡțȦșȧ ȗȖȌ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȖȔ ȚȍȕȤ
ǷȘȐȧȚȍȓȐ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ DzȖȘȐȟȕȍȊȣȑ,
șȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȕȖȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȡ șȖ șȚȈȘȖȔȖȌȕȖȑ ȐȏȔȧȚȖȑ ȗȍȓȍ-
ȘȐȕȖȑ ȊȐșȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȔȐ șȒȓȈȌȒȈȔȐ șȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȔȐ
ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝțȌȖȡȈȊțȦ Ȑ țȋȓȖȊȈȚțȦ ȜȐȋțȘț DzȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ-
ȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ ȖȚȕȧȓ ȘțȒȐ ȖȚ ȓȐȞȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȈ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȈȧ
ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ șȐȕȍȊȈȚȈȧ ȉȓȍȌȕȖșȚȤ ȒȖȎȐ șȓȐȊȈȦȡȍȑșȧ ș
ȉȍșȒȘȖȊȕȣȔȐ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȋțȉȈȔȐ ǬȓȐȕȕȈȧ ȉȍȓȖȒțȘȈȧ
ȉȖȘȖȌȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȐșȤ țȎȍ șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȣȍ ȕȐȚȐ Ȑ ȚȈ-
ȒȐȍ Ȏȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȋțșȚȖȑ șȍȌȍȦȡȍȑ ȋȘȐȊȖȑ ȗȈȌȈȦȡȐȍ ȕȈ ȗȓȍ-
ȚȐ ȖȒȈȑȔȓȧȓȐ ȋȘțșȚȕȖȍ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȕȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȋȖșȚȧ ǵȍ-
ȔȕȖȋȖ ȉȓȐȏȖȘțȒȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȌȖȉȘȣȍ Ȑ ȘȖȉȒȐȍ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȗȘȧȔȖ,
ȕȍ ȔȖȘȋȈȧ ȒȈȒ ț ȏȈȔțȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȏȊȍȘȧ
Ƕȕ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ Ȑ ȎȌȈȓ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȊ
— ȇ Ȗ ȊȈș șȓȣȠȈȓ — ȕȈȟȈȓ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ. — Ǵȍȕȧ ȗȘȖșȐȓȈ
ȖȎȐȌȈȚȤ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȋ-ȎȈ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ
ǪȣșȖȒȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȘȈȏț ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȊȣȚȧȕțȓ ȘțȒț. Ǫșȍ ȏȈȔȍ-
ȚȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȘțȒȍ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȈȓȖ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ ȗȈȓȤ-
ȞȍȊ Ȉ ȓȍȊȈȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȈ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȓȍȟȍȕȈ ǶȕȈ Ȋșȧ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ ȗȖȒȘȣȓȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȔȐ ȘțȉȞȈȔȐ ȖȚ țȎȈșȕȣȝ
ȘȈȕ Ȑ șȊȍȌȍȕȈ Ȋ ȉȍșȜȖȘȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȒțȓȈȒ
— ǵȐ șȓȖȊȈ Ȗ ȕȍȑ — ȏȈȠȍȗȚȈȓ Ȗȕ. — ǩȖȋȈ ȘȈȌȐ, ȕȐ șȓȖ-
ȊȈ ȇ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț ȉȣȚȤ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȣȔ ȥȚȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȍ...
— ǻșȗȖȒȖȑȚȍșȤ — ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ. — ǰ ȘȈșșȒȈȎȐ-
Țȍ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ șȟȐȚȈȍȚȍ ȕțȎȕȣȔ Ȕȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ
ǪȣșȖȒȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȚȖȧȓ Ȋ ȕȍȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȘȈș-
ȚȍȘȧȕȕȖ ȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧșȤ Ȑ țșȐȓȍȕȕȖ ȚȍȘ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȓȖȉ ȓȈȌȖ-
ȕȤȦ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȘțȒȐ
— ǷȘȖșȚȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ — Ƞȍȗȕțȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ țȘȖȕȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț
ȕȈ șȚȖȓ ȏȈȘȣȌȈȓ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ǚȋȖ țȏȒȐȍ ȗȓȍȟȐ ȌȍȘȋȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȗȖȌ ȗȓȈȡȖȔ Ȑ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȖ ȚȘȧșȓȈșȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ

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— ȇ ȚȈȒ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȍȕ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ țșȗȖȒȖȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȍȔȕȖ-
ȋȖ — ȇ — ȉȣȊȠȐȑ ȌȖȞȍȕȚ ǶȚȚȖ ȇȕ...
— ǪȖȚ ȟȚȖ — ȊȣȘȊȈȓȖșȤ ț ǹȐȓȐȕȈ — ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȈ-
ȠȐȝ ȘȈȉȖȚ
ǹ ȥȚȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȒȐ Ȗȕ ȌȖȉȘȖȌțȠȕȖ Ȗȉȕȧȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑ țȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖ
ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓ Ȋ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȇȕȈ Ǫșȍ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȚȐȝȓȐ
ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȖȉȊȍȓ Ȑȝ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ
— Mȣ — ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ș ǼȓȍȠȍȘȖȔ ǬȖȓȋȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ ȊȔȍș-
Țȍ ȗȖȒȈ Ȗȕ ȕȍ țȒȘȈȓ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȔȖȍȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȖȒȖȕȟȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȕȖ ȊȈȎȕȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ Ƕȕ șțȔȍȓ ȗȘȖȌȈȚȤ ȍȍ
ȊȣȋȖȌȕȖ Ƕ Ȗȕ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȓȖȊȒȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȣȑ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ DzȈȘȓ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ
ȇȕ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȏȈȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȖȉȌȍȘȋȐȊȈȧ ȕȈ șȍȉȍ ȗȓȈȡ ȝȖ-
ȌȐȓ ȖȚ ȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȍȕȣ Ȓ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȗȘȣȋȐȊȈȧ
Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȝȖȌț
— DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ țȗȘȍȒȕțȓ ȍȋȖ Ȗȕ șȖȏȕȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȋȕțșȕȖȔ ȗȖ-
șȚțȗȒȍ ȅȚȈ ȋȖȚȖȊȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȕȐȏȖșȚȤ ȚȈȒ șȊȖȑșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȈ ǼȓȍȠȍȘț Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȧȘȒȖ ȗȖȌȟȍȘȒȐȊȈȍȚ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȍȋȖ
ȌțȠȐ ǵȖ DzȈȘȓț ǼȓȍȠȍȘț ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȕȈȌ ȟȍȔ
ȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȋȓȖ șȖȏȌȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȐȔȧ Ȑ țșȚȘȖȐȚȤ ȊșȦ ȔȖȦ
ȎȐȏȕȤ ǪșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȧ ȊȍȌȤ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȓȦȉȐȓ ǩȍȘȚț ȜȖȕ ȀȍȚȞ Ȑ
ȖȕȈ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ
Ƕȕ ȊȌȘțȋ țȔȖȓȒ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȈȓșȧ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȋ ȖȌȕț
șȚȖȘȖȕț Ȑ șȒȖșȐȊ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǪȐȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ șȍȑȟȈș ȘȊȈȕțȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȗțȋȓȐȊȖ șȓțȠȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȕȈș-
ȚȐȋȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȋȖȕȧ ǫȌȍ-ȚȖ ȍȌȊȈ șȓȣȠȕȖ șȒȘȐȗȕțȓȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ
ȓȍȋȒȐȑ ȠȖȘȖȝ ȌȖȕȍșșȧ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȋȖ ȚȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȐ-
ȌȖȘȈ
— ǼȓȍȠȍȘ" — Ƞȍȗȕțȓ ȇȕ
— ǵȍȚ — țșȗȖȒȈȐȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ DzȖȕȚșȒȐȑ — Ƕȕ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ
ȊȘȍȔȧ șȗȐȚ
— ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȉȖȌȘȧȧșȤ ȇȕ — ȟȚȖ Ǽȓȍ-
ȠȍȘ ȗȘȖșȕȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȈșȕȍȚ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ƕȕ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȖȔ
ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȐȒȈ ȗȖȑȔȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȎȍȘȚȊȈ ȊȉȓȐȏȐ
Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȠȍȓșȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȗȖ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȕȈ-
ȒȓȖȕȧȧșȤ ȕȈȌ șȐȌȧȡȐȔ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊȣȔ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ:
— Ǫȣ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȍȚȍ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȔȖȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȋȣ
ȍȍ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȚȍ Ȑ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚ Ȕȍȕȧ Ƕȕ șȈȔ

136
ȕȍ ȖșȔȍȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȥȚț ȘȈȉȖȚț Ƕȕ șțȍȊȍȘȍȕ ȒȈȒ Ȋșȍ
ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȐȒȐ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ ȌțȔȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ șțȌȤȉȈ ȍȔț ȖȚȖȔșȚȐȚ ȏȈ
Ȕȍȕȧ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȌȈȍȚ ȥȚț ȚȍȔț șȊȖȐȔ șȈȔȣȔ șȗȖșȖȉȕȣȔ țȟȍ-
ȕȐȒȈȔ. ǺțȘȕȍȘȈ țȉȐȓȖ ȊȏȘȣȊȖȔ, ǴȦȕȞț ȖȚȖȘȊȈȓȖ ȋțȉț Ȑ
ȘȈȏȌȘȖȉȐȓȖ ȟȍȓȦșȚȐ ǼȐȋȕȍȘ ȜȖȕ ǫȍȑȕȚȞȍ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȋȓȈȏ Ȑ
ȘțȒț ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋȣ
— ǵȖ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ș ȊȈȔȐ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ —ǷȘȖ-
ȜȍșșȖȘ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ ȕȈȔȍȒȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖȍ șȖȉȣ-
ȚȐȍ ȕȖ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ
— ǼȓȍȠȍȘ ȗȘȖșȐȓ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȖȡȍȕȐȧ  Ȑ Ȕȣ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐ
ȕȈȠț ȘȈȉȖȚț ǪȍȘȕȍȍ ȧ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȇ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȉȣȓ țȎȍ
șȒȘȣȚȍȕ Ȑ șȈȔȣȝ ȊȈȎȕȣȝ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȍȑ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȍȔț
ȕș șȖȖȉȡȈȓ ȉȖȧșȤ ȊȚȖȘȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȔȈȕȈ ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȘȍȠȐȓ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȗȖȋțȉȐȚȤ
ȇȕ ȕȈȋȕțȓșȧ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț șȓțȠȈȚȍȓȍȑ Ȑ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȧ șȓȖȊȈ
șȒȈȏȈȓ
— Ƕȕ țșȚȘȖȐȓ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȏȘȣȊ ȅȚȖ șȚȖȐȓȖ Ȕȕȍ
ȖȉȍȐȔ ȘțȒ ȇ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȝȊȖȘȈȓ Ȑ ȉȣȓ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȦ ȔȖȋȐȓȣ ǵȈ ȔȖȦ
șȔȍȘȚȤ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȣȊȈȓ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ
ȇȕ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȣȓ ȓȐȞȖ ȘțȒȈȔȐ DzȘȐȒ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓ
ȚȈȒ ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȍȕ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȕ țȎȈșȈ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȐ Ȑ ș
ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȖȔ ȖȋȓȧȕțȓȐșȤ
Ǫ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȍ ȒțȌȈ ȕȍ ȌȖȝȖȌȐȓ șȊȍȚ ȓȈȔȗ șȚȖȐȓ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ
ǼȓȍȠȍȘ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȓȍȌȍȕ Ȑ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȍȘȋȐȊȈȓȖșȤ șțȌȖȘȖ-
ȋȖȑ Ǫșȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ ǶȚȚȖ ȇȕ șȖȋȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȍȑ-
ȟȈș ȗȖȉȍȎȐȚ ȕȖ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȗȕ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȚȘȧȝȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— Ǻȣ ȓȎȍȠȤ — ȗȘȖȊȖȘȟȈȓ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧ Ȓ șȚȖȓț ǼȓȍȠȍȘ —
ǫȖșȗȖȌȈ — ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ Ȓ șȊȖȐȔ țȟȍȕȐȒȈȔ. — ȅȚȖȚ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒ — șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȑ Ȑ Ȋșȍ, Ȗ ȟȍȔ Ȗȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȉȘȍȌȖȊȈȧ ȜȈȕ-
ȚȈȏȐȧ
Ǫșȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ ǿțȧȓȈșȤ ȕȍȗȘȈȊȌȈ Ȋ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȍȔ ȋȖȓȖșȍ Ǽȓȍ-
ȠȍȘȈ Ȉ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȈȧ ȚȘțșȓȐȊȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȕȍ șȝȖȌȐȓȈ ș ȍȋȖ ȉȓȍȌ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȓȐȞȈ ȇȕ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȚȘȧȝȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ
ȊȣȚȧȕțȓ șȊȖȐ ȖȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ
— ǫȓȧȌȐ DzȈȘȓ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧ Ȓ ȗȘȖȜȍș-
șȖȘț. — Ǻȣ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȓ ȥȚȐȝ ȘțȒ ȅȚȖ — ȚȊȖȧ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȘȍȌ ȕȍ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȧ ȅȚȖ — șȔȍȘȚȤ ȔȖȧ Ȉ țȉȐȑȞȈ —
Țȣ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ DzȈȘȓ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ ǷțșȚȤ ȥȚȐ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȣ

137
ȏȕȈȦȚ ȗțșȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȑȔțȚ ǷțșȚȤ ȖȕȐ ȏȕȈȦȚ Ȑ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȧ țȔȐȘȈȓ ȖȒȓȍȊȍȚȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȘȖȌ ǩȍȘȚȖȑ Țȣ ȍȍ țȊȍȘȐȓ
ȟȚȖ ȧ ȎȍȓȈȓ țȒȘȈșȚȤ ț Țȍȉȧ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȚȖȉȖȑ ȊȍȡȍșȚ-
ȊȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓ ȊȏȘȣȊ Ǻȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȍȑ șȖ șȓȍȏȈȔȐ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖșȍ Țȣ,
țȉȐȑȞȈ Ȑ ȓȐȞȍȔȍȘ ȟȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ Țȍȉȧ ȗȖȒȈȘȈȓ ǩȖȋ!..
ǼȓȍȠȍȘ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ ȓȉț ȍȋȖ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȤ-
Ƞȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȒȈȗȍȓȤ ȗȖȚȈ
DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ șȍȓ ȏȈ șȊȖȑ șȚȖȓ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȓȐșȚȣȊȈȓ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȒȕȐ-
ȋț ǹȐȓȐȕ Ȑ DzȖȕȚșȒȐȑ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȗȘȐșȓȖȕȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȓ șȚȍȕȍ ȕȈ-
ȉȓȦȌȈȧ ȏȈ ȥȚȖȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȑ șȞȍȕȖȑ
— Ǻȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȠȤ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ, ȟȚȖ ȧ ȓȋț" — ș ȐȘȖ-
ȕȐȍȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȇȕ. — ǰ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȗȖȟȍȔț ǷȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȊȚȖ-
ȘȐȟȕȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ țȉȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ǻȣ ȖȚȕȧȓ ț Ȕȍȕȧ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȑ țȊȈȎȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ Ǻȣ țȒȘȈȓ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȍȍ ȒȈȒ țȒȘȈȓ Ȋșȍ, ȟȍȔ ȧ ȎȐȓ!
ȇ ȘȈȏ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔșȚȐȓ Țȍȉȍ Ǻȣ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȚȖ ȗȐșȤȔȖ Ȓ ǩȍȘȚȍ ȜȖȕ
ȀȍȚȞ" ȇ ȍȑ Ȋșȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ Ȑ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȕȧȓȈ ȒȖȔț
ȖȚȌȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ șȊȖȦ șțȌȤȉț ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȖȕȈ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȌȍȓȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȗȖȠȓȖȑ ȕȐȏȒȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȖȑ — ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ǵȖ ȍșȓȐ ȖȕȈ
ȟȐșȚȈ ȚȖ Țȣ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȍȍ ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȐȍ ǵȍ
țȝȖȌȐ ǵȍ țȝȖȌȐ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ
ȇȕ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȌȖȋȖȕȧȚȤ ǼȓȍȠȍȘȈ ȕȖ ȚȖȚ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ƞȍȓ ȕȍ
ȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧșȤ Ȑ ș ȠțȔȖȔ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȓȈȉȖȘȈ-
ȚȖȘȐȐ
4
— DzȈȒ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȎȐȊȍȚȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ — ȒȈȓȍȒȈ" — șȗȘȈ-
ȠȐȊȈȓ ȊȍȌȧ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒț ǶȚȚȖ ȇȕȈ ǹȐȓȐȕ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȖȕȐ ȠȓȐ
ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȍ ȏȈ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȏȈȌțȔȈȊȠȐȔșȧ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊȣȔ
— ȇ ȌȈȦ țȘȖȒȐ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȑ ȠȒȖȓȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȍ
ǵȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ țȎȍ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȧ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊȖȑ ȇȕ — ȇ ȊȍȌȤ ȔȖȘȜȐȕȐșȚ ǰ ȥȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȟȈȡȍ Ȑ ȟȈȡȍ ȕȈ-
ȝȖȌȐȚ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȉȖȘȦșȤ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȋț ȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ǪȍȌȤ ȕțȎ-
ȕȖ Ȏȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȝȖȚȤ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȏȈȉȣȚȤșȧ ȖȚȊȓȍȟȤșȧ ȖȚ
șȊȖȐȝ ȕȍȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȝ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ"
ǵȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ ȖȕȐ ȘȈșșȚȈȓȐșȤ ș ȇȕȖȔ

138
— ȇ ȉțȌț ț ȊȈș șȒȖȘȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț ȕȈ ȗȘȖȡȈȕȐȍ DzȈȘ-
ȚȈȠȍȊ — ǩțȌȤȚȍ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣ ȇ țȎȍ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȖȌȐȕ ȊȖȗȘȖș
DzȖȋȌȈ ȊȣșȖȒȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȇȕȈ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ ȏȈ țȋȓȖȔ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ
ȌȖȔȈ ǹȐȓȐȕ Ȋȏȧȓ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊȈ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș
— Ǻȣ ȟȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȍȠȤ ǴȐȠȈ"
— ȇ ȖȚȌȈȔ ȟȈșȚȤ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȈ ȇȕț ǷțșȚȤ Ȗȕ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȌȈșȚ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȗȈȚȍȕȚ ȕȈ șȊȖȍ ȐȔȧ Ǵȕȍ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȈ ȍȋȖ ȐȌȍȧ ǷȘȖȎȐȊȍȔ ȒȈȒ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȑ șȊȖȐȔȐ Ǩ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ǼȓȍȠȍȘȈ ȗȘȖțȟȐȚȤ șȓȍȌțȍȚ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȍȋȖ țȌȈȘ ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȐȚ — ȏȌȖ-
ȘȖȊ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ
ǰ ȖȉșțȎȌȈȧ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ ȇȕȈ ȝȐȔȐȒȐ ȌȖȓ-
ȋȖ ȊȖȏȔțȡȈȓȐșȤ ǼȓȍȠȍȘȖȔ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ ȚȈȒȐȝ
ȕȍ ȕȈȑȚȐ ǵȈȟȈȓȐșȤ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȣ Ȗ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȍ Ȑ ȥȚȐ ȚȖșȒȓȐ-
Ȋȣȍ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧ ȉțȌȧȡȐȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȋț Ȑ ȒȈȒțȦ-
ȚȖ ȕȍțȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȖȚȊȓȍȒȓȐ Ȑȝ ȔȣșȓȐ ȖȚ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖȑ
șȚȘȈȕȐȟȒȐ Ȑȏ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ Ȑ țșȐȓȐȓȐ Ȏȍ-
ȓȈȕȐȍ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ Ȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȘȖșȚȣȔ ȉȍșȝȐȚȘȖșȚȕȣȔ
ȓȦȌȧȔ
Ǩ ȕȈțȚȘȖ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ țȎȍ ȉȣȓ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ǷȘȐȠȍȓ Ǽȓȍ-
ȠȍȘ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȖȔ ȕȍ ȖȉȔȖȓȊȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȗ ȕȖȟȕȖȔ ȗȘȖ-
ȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȐ ȊȣșȓțȠȈȓ ȌȖȒȓȈȌ șȚțȌȍȕȚȈ ȌȈȓ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓ ȖȉȝȖȌ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȗȕ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊț Ȑ
ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȊ ȍȔț Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ
— ǵȈȌȍȦșȤ ȕȈ ȊȈȠț șȒȘȖȔȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȕȈ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȚȖȊȈȘȐ-
ȡȍȑ
— DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȚȖȚ — ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈș ȌȈ Ȑ
ȕȍ ȗȖȌȓȍȎȐȚ ȘȈȏȋȓȈȠȍȕȐȦ
— ǬȈ ǬȈ — ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȓ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ — Ǩ ȊȈȠȍ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ herȋ
DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ"
— ǷȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȇ ȔȖȋț ȊȈȔ ȖȉȍȡȈȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȌȈȔ șȍȒȘȍȚ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȈȓȤȜȈ-ȗȐȋȔȍȕȚȈ...
— ǬȈ ȌȈ — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ. —
ǬȈ ȌȈ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȌȈȌȐȚȍ
ǰ șȋȖȘȉȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȗȕ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȋ șȊȖȑ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ ȗȓȍ-
ȟȐ Ȑ ȖȗțșȚȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț
ǵȖ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ țȑȚȐ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ Ȗȕ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ
ȊȣȚȐȘȈȧ ȗȖȚȕțȦ ȠȍȦ șȍȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊȣȔ Ƕȕ ȔȖȓ-
ȟȈȓ ȌȖȓȋȖ Ȑ ȚȖȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ǪșȚȈȓ ȗȘȖȠȍȓșȧ ȗȖ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ

139
ȖȗȧȚȤ șȍȓ Ȑ ȗȖȕțȘȧ ȋȖȓȖȊț șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȌȊȈ șȓȣȠȕȣȔ ȠȍȗȖ-
ȚȖȔ
— Ǫȣ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏț ǶȚȚȖ ȇȕȈ"
— ǯȈȟȍȔ ȊȈȔ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ" — ȊȖȗȘȖ-
șȖȔ ȕȈ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ — Ǵȣ țȍȌȍȔ Ȑ ȕȈȠȍ Ȕȕȍ-
ȕȐȍ Ȍȓȧ ȊȈș ȉȍȏȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȖ
— Ǫȣ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓȐ ǶȚȚȖ ȇȕț" — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ
— Ǵȣ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȌȈȚȤ ȊȈȔ șȓȖȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȐȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȍȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ șȚțȌȍȕȚ
— Ǫȣ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓȐ? —Ƞȍȗȕțȓ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ Ȑ ȊșȚȈȓ
—ǬȈ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȍȔț ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ
ǼȓȍȠȍȘ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȝȖȌȐȓ Țȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȐ ȋȌȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ șȚțȌȍȕȚ
ȚȍȘ șȍȉȍ ȓȖȉ Ȑ ȚȈȒ șȐȓȤȕȖ șȎȐȔȈȓ ȘțȒȐ ȟȚȖ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȚȘȍȡȈ-
ȓȐ Ȋ șțșȚȈȊȈȝ Ƕȕ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȕȕȣȔ Ȑ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ șȔȖȚ-
Șȍȓ ȕȈ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊȈ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȍȔț ȎȈȓȒȐȔ Ȑ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȔ ȗȖ-
ȚȍȘȧȊȠȐȔ ȖȉȣȟȕțȦ șȈȔȖțȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȍ ǷȖșȚȖȧȊ
ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ
5
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ ș ǹȐȓȐȕȣȔ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖ țȏ-
ȒȖȑ Ȑ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȔȍșȚȤȍ ǵȈ ȗȖ-
ȒȘȐȊȐȊȠȍȑșȧ ȌȊȍȘȐ ș ȖȚȓȖȔȈȕȕȖȑ ȘțȟȒȖȑ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȐȉȐȚȈ
ȋȊȖȏȌȒȈȔȐ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȈȕȕȈȧ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȊȐȏȐȚȕȈȧ ȒȈȘȚȖȟȒȈ ǶȚȚȖ
ȇȕȈǺȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ȗȖșȚțȟȈȓȐ ǬȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ, ȝȖȚȧ ȒȓȦȟ
ȉȣȓ ȊșȚȈȊȓȍȕ Ȋ șȒȊȈȎȐȕț ǬȖȓȋȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȓȐ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ȗȖȒȈ
Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȕȍ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ șȓȈȉȣȑ ȖȒȘȐȒ
— ǪȖȑȌȐȚȍ
DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ ȚȖȓȒȕțȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȊȖȠȓȐ ǵȈ ȐȏȔȧȚȖȑ ȗȖ-
șȚȍȓȐ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȇȕ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȘȈșșȚȍȋȕțȚȖȑ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ȒțȘȚȒȍ Ȑ
ȗȖȒȘȣȚ șȚȍȋȈȕȣȔ ȖȌȍȧȓȖȔ ǪȖȓȖșȣ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ șȗțȚȈȕȣ Ȑ ȘȈȏ-
ȔȍȚȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȑ ȏȈșȈȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȖȌțȠȒȍ Ȑ șȗțșȒȈȓȐșȤ ȌȓȐȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȧȌȧȔȐ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȓȖȉ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȇȕȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ
ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȣ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ǫțȉȣ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ
șȓȖȎȍȕȣ Ȋ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕțȦ țȓȣȉȒț ȉȍȏțȔȕțȦ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕțȦ

140
— Ǵȣ Ȓ ȊȈȔ — șȒȈȏȈȓ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ — ǹȍȑȟȈș țșȚȘȖȐȔ ȌȍȓȖ.
— ǶșȚȈȊȤȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ — șȓȈȉȖ ȔȈȝȕțȓ Ȋ Ȑȝ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȖȉȍȏȖ-
ȉȘȈȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȇȕ — ȇ ȉȖȓȍȕ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȚȤ
Ǵȕȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ Ȑ șȚȣȌȕȖ. ǵȍ șȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ țȝȖȌȐȚȍ ȗȖ-
ȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ
— Ǫȣ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȒȈȎț ȊȈȔ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ DzȈȘ-
ȚȈȠȍȊ ș ȗȍȟȈȓȤȦ Ȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȖȑ șȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȠȗȘȐȞ Ȑ ȜȓȈȒȖȕ șȖ
șȊȍȚȓȖȑ ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȤȦ șȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȕȈ șȚțȓȍ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȒȘȖȊȈȚȤȦ
ȇȕ ȟțȚȤ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȒȐȊȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ș țȚȖȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ Ȗȗțș-
ȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȌțȠȒț ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȗȕ ș țșȐȓȐȍȔ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ șȔȖȚ-
Șȍȓ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȔ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ
— ȇ ȗȘȐȕȍș ȊȈȔ ȈȓȤȜȈ-ȗȐȋȔȍȕȚ Ǫȣ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȌȈȌȐȚȍ Ȋ ȗȘȈ-
ȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȉȦȘȖ ȗȈȚȍȕȚȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȍ ȕȈ șȊȖȍ ȐȔȧ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȐȓȍȋȐȦ ǷȖșȚȈȘȈȑȚȍșȤ țșȚȘȖȐȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȗȖȓțȟȠȍ ǬȖ
șȊȐȌȈȕȐȧ
Ǫ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȇȕȈ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȖ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȏȈ-
ȗȈȧȕȕțȦ Ȋ ȚȘțȉȒț, ș ȚȖȕȒȖ ȖȚȖȋȕțȚȣȔ ȒȖȕȟȐȒȖȔ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟ-
ȕțȦ ȎȍȓȚȖȊȈȚțȦ ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȤ ǩȖȓȤȕȖȑ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ țșȐ-
ȓȐȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤșȧ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȖ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ
ȗȖ ȓȐȞț ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ șțȌȖȘȖȋȈ ȉȖȓȐ Ȑ Ȗȕ șȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ
ȠȗȘȐȞ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ Ȑ ȗȖȘȣȊȐșȚȖ ȌȣȠȈ
DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ ș ǹȐȓȐȕȣȔ țȠȓȐ ǹȐȓȐȕ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȉ DzȈȘ-
ȚȈȠȍȊ Ȋ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȦ ǭȋȖ ȎȌȈȓ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ ǷȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȉȣȓ,
ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȊșȚȘȍȊȖȎȍȕ Ȑ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȔȐ ȉȣșȚȘȣȔȐ ȠȈȋȈ-
ȔȐ
— Ǫȣ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȓȐ ȘȈȉȖȚț" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȗȖȌȝȖ-
Ȍȧ Ȓ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊț
— ǬȈ ǪȖȚ ȖȕȖ, — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ șȚțȌȍȕȚ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȒȓȦȟȖȔ
ȠȒȈȜ —  ȋȘȈȔȔȖȊ ȈȉșȖȓȦȚȕȖ ȟȐșȚȖȋȖ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȈ, ȋ-ȕ ȗȘȖ-
ȜȍșșȖȘ ǭșȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȖȝȓȈȌȐȚȤ ȌȖ ȕțȓȧ ȊȣȗȈȌțȚ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȗȓȈș-
ȚȐȕȟȈȚȣȍ ȒȘȐșȚȈȓȓȣ
— ǺȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȋȘȈȔȔȖȊ" — ȗȍȘȍșȗȘȖșȐȓ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ — Ǫȣ ȌȖȓȎ-
ȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ herr DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ ȠȍșȚȤȌȍșȧȚ ȋȘȈȔȔȖȊ Ȋȍ-
ȡȍșȚȊȈ" ǫȌȍ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤ"
DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ șȔțȚȐȓșȧ ȕȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȊ Ȋ ȏȓȣȍ șȊȍȚȧȡȐȍșȧ ȕȍ-
ȕȈȊȐșȚȤȦ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǼȓȍȠȍȘȈ Ȑ ȗȖȎȈȊ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ Ȗȕ țȎȍ șȖȊșȍȔ
șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ȇ ȗȘȐ ȟȐșȚȒȍ ȗȘȖȓȐȓ ȟȈșȚȤ ȗȐȋȔȍȕȚȈ ȋ-ȕ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ

141
— ǵȍȉȘȍȎȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍȚȖȟȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ ț ȕȈș ȗȘȍșȓȍȌțȍȚ-
șȧ ȇ ȌȖȓȖȎț Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȜȈȒțȓȤȚȍȚț ȧ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȔȍȌȈȓȤ ȊȈȔ ȕȍ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȐșțȎȌȍȕȈ ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȚȍ ȍșȓȐ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȍ șȊȖȑ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ-
șȒȐȑ ȌȐȗȓȖȔ
DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȔȖȓȟȈȊ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȑȌȧ
ȊȗȓȖȚȕțȦ Ȓ ǼȓȍȠȍȘț șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǵȈȟȐȕȈȍȚșȧ ȔȍșȚȤ" ǶȚȓȐȟȕȖ
— ǿȚȖ Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ" — ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȊȣȘȊȈȓșȧ ț Ǽȓȍ-
ȠȍȘȈ ȚȘțșȓȐȊȣȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș
DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— ǬțȔȈȦ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȔȍȌȈȓȤ ȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ șȚȈȓȖ
ǼȓȍȠȍȘ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊȈ Ƕȕ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȊȖ-
ȒȘțȋ ȍȋȖ șȚȖȓȈ Ȑ ș țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ țșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐ-
ȊȈȓ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȑ șȖșțȌ Ȑ ȗȘȐȓȈȎȐȊȈȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȝȖȓȖȌȐȓȤȕȐȒ
— Ǫȣ ȕȈȟȕȍȚȍ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤ ȕȖȊțȦ ȗȖȘȞȐȦ ȗȐȋȔȍȕ-
ȚȈ" — ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȦȡȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ
— ȅȚȖ ȔȖȍ ȗȘȈȊȖ ȋ-ȕ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ Ȑ ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ ȐȔ ȊȖșȗȖȓȤ-
ȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ǬȖ -ȋȖ ȈȗȘȍȓȧ ȧ țșȗȍȦ
ǼȓȍȠȍȘ ȚȖȗȕțȓ ȕȖȋȖȑ Ȑ țȠȍȓ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ șȚțȟȈ ȒȈȉȓțȒȈȔȐ
Ȑ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉȖȘȔȖȟȈ
ǪȍȟȍȘȖȔ ǹȐȓȐȕ Ȑ DzȖȕȚșȒȐȑ ȕȈȠȓȐ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊȈ șȐȌȧȡȐȔ
ȗȍȘȍȌ ȟțȋțȕȕȣȔ șȖșțȌȖȔ Ȑ ș ȗȘȍȎȕȐȔ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȐ-
ȌȖȔ șȓȍȌȧȡȐȔ ȏȈ șȚȖȓȉȐȒȖȔ ȘȚțȚȐ Ȋ ȚȍȘȔȖȔȍȚȘȍ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ
ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ ȐȔ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ș ǼȓȍȠȍȘȖȔ.
— ǬȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȘȐȗțȋȕțȚȤ — ȘȍȠȐȓ ǹȐȓȐȕ țȌȈȘȧȧ Ȓț-
ȓȈȒȖȔ ȗȖ șȚȖȓț — Ǻȍȉȍ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȕȍ țșȗȍȚȤ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚț ȌȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȋȖ șȘȖȒȈ Ǻȣ ȐȏȊȍȌȍȠȤșȧ
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ țșȗȍȦ — țșȗȖȒȈȐȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ — ǩțȌț
ȔȍȕȤȠȍ șȗȈȚȤ — ȊȖȚ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ǵȍ ȝȖȟț ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȚȤșȧ ș ǼȓȍȠȍ-
ȘȖȔ ǵȈȊȈȘȦ ȍȔț  ȋȘȈȔȔȖȊ ȈȓȤȜȈ-ȗȐȋȔȍȕȚȈ ȗțșȚȤ ȗȖȌȈ-
ȊȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȍ — ȍȔț Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȋȖȌȐȚșȧ
Ǫ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȌȍȕȤ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȕȈ ȏȈȘȍ ǵȍȔ-
ȕȖȋȖ șȖșȕțȊ Ȗȕ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȦ ȖșȚȈȊȐȊ
ȌȖȔȈ ȏȈȗȐșȒț Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȓ
ȕȍȔț Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȓȍȒȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ
ǼȓȍȠȍȘ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȦ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ Ȑ ș ȏȓȖ-
ȘȈȌȕȣȔ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦȡȍȋȖ șȚțȌȍȕȚȈ
DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊț ȉȣȓȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȣ ȥȚȐ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȧ ǭȔț ȒȈ-

142
ȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ ȒȈȒ ȝȐȡȕȈȧ ȗȚȐȞȈ ȒȘțȎȐȚ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ Ȑ
ȋȖȚȖȊȐȚșȧ ȕȈȗȈșȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ǵȖ șȚțȌȍȕȚ ȕȐȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐ-
ȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȈȍȚ Ȑ ȊȖȓȕțȍȚ ȍȋȖ
ǰȔȍȧ țȎȍ ȖȗȣȚ ȗȖ ȗȘȍȌȣȌțȡȍȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ Ȗȕ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȑ
țșȗȍȠȕȖ ȗȖȌȊȐȋȈȓșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȘȖșȓȈ Ȑ
ȒȘȍȗȓȈ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈ ȟȚȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȖȒȖȕȟȍȕȈ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȘȈȕȤ-
Ƞȍ șȘȖȒȈ
ǿȍȘȍȗ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ
țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȍȘȊȕȣȔ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȉȍșșȖȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȖȟȈȔȐ
Ȑ țȗȖȘȕȣȔ ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȗȘȐȕȍș ȌȖȔȖȑ ȏȈȗȈȧȕȕțȦ ȚȘțȉȒț ș Ȗș-
ȚȈȊȠȍȑșȧ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȖȑ ȈȓȤȜȈ-ȗȐȋȔȍȕȚȈ Ƕȕ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ ȍȍ
ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈȔ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǹȗȘȧȟȤȚȍ ȗȖȓțȟȠȍ ǩȖȦșȤ ȧ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȍ țȒȘȈȓ
ȉȣ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȘțȉȒț ǼȓȍȠȍȘ
— ȅȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ — șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ ǹȐȓȐȕ — ǼȓȍȠȍȘ
— ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȕȈ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȌȍȓȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȊȐȌȕȖ
ȔȈșȚȍȘ Ǩ Țȣ ȉȣ ǴȐȠȈ ȊȣșȗȈȓșȧ" ǵȍȓȤȏȧ ȚȈȒ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ǫȓȧ-
ȌȐ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ Țȣ șȗȐȠȤ ȗȖ ȌȊȈ ȟȈșȈ
— ǵȍȓȤȏȧ ȐȕȈȟȍ — ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȊȏȌȣȝȈȧ DzȈȘȚȈ-
ȠȍȊ — ǵȖȟȤȦ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȍȍ Ȑ ȓȍȋ-
ȟȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ Ǭȕȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȘȐ ȧ ȏȈȒȖȕȟț ȖȗȈșȕțȦ ȟȈșȚȤ ȘȈȉȖ-
Țȣ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȖȚȌȖȝȕț ǬȈȓȤȠȍ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȑȌȍȚ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȗȘȖȡȍ Ȑ șȒȖ-
Șȍȍǹ ȥȚȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ Ȗȕ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ șȚȖȓȈ Ȑ țȠȍȓ Ȋ țȕȐȊȍȘ-
șȐȚȍȚ DzȖȋȌȈ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȦ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȧȝ Ȗȕ
șȚȖȓȒȕțȓșȧ ș ȊȣȝȖȌȧȡȐȔ ǼȓȍȠȍȘȖȔ ǷȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ Ƞȍȓ ȉȣșȚ-
ȘȖ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȕȕȣȔ Ȑ șȔțȡȍȕȕȣȔ ǵȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȊ ȕȈ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȍȚșȚȊȐȍ șȚțȌȍȕȚȈ Ȗȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȚȈȓ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐ-
Ȟȍ ȊȍȌțȡȍȑ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ ǭȔț ȗȖ-
ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȓșȧ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ ȐșȒȈȓ ȚȘțȉȒț ș ȗȖȓțȟȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȐȔ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȖȔ Ȑ, ȕȍ ȕȈȑȌȧ ȍȋȖ țȝȖȌȐȓ ȏȓȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȊ-
ȠȐȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȦȦ ȕȈȌȍȎȌț
ǹȚțȌȍȕȚ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ șȖșțȌ ȝȖȓȖȌȐȓȤȕȐȒ Ȑ ȚȘțȉȒȐ ȐȌțȡȐȍ
oȚ ȊȖȌȖȗȘȖȊȖȌȈ Ȑ ȏȈȎȍȋ ȋȈȏȖȊțȦ ȋȖȘȍȓȒț ȗȖȌ ȚȘȍȕȖȎȕȐ-
ȒȖȔ ǸȚțȚȤ Ȋ ȚȍȘȔȖȔȍȚȘȍ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȈșȤ ș ȔȍșȚȈ ȕȖ ȕȈ-
ȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȕȈ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȘȖȊȕȣȔȐ șȒȈȟȒȈȔȐ șȚȈȓȈ ȗȖȌȕȐ-
ȔȈȚȤșȧ Ȉ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋ ȝȖȓȖȌȐȓȤȕȐȒȍ șȚȈȓȐ ȊșȗȓȣȊȈȚȤ
ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ ȒȈȗȓȐ Ȑ ȏȈȚȊȍȘȌȍȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ șȘȈȏț

143
Ȏȍ ȗȓȈȊȧȡȐȍșȧ ȒȘȐșȚȈȓȓȣ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȚȍȔȗȍȘȈȚțȘȈ Ȋ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȔ șȖșțȌȍ ȌȖȠȓȈ ȌȖ  ȋȘȈ-
ȌțșȖȊ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ țȔȍȕȤȠȐȓ ȋȈȏȖȊȖȍ ȗȓȈȔȧ Ȑ ȖȕȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ
ȟțȚȤ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȔ ȧȏȣȟȒȖȔ Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȕȕȖ, Ȑȏ ȝȖȓȖȌȐȓȤȕȐȒȈ ȊȣȘȊȈȓșȧ șȚȖȓȉ ȌȣȔȈ Ƕȕ ȚȖȚȟȈș
Ȏȍ Ȋșȗȣȝȕțȓ ȧȘȒȐȔ șȐȕȐȔ ȖȋȕȍȔ Ȑ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȥȚȐȔ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȑ
ȊȏȘȣȊ ȖȋȓțȠȐȓ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊȈ ȗȘȐȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȊȠȍȋȖ Ȓ șȖșțȌț ȚȘȧȗ-
ȒȐ șȖ ȓȤȌȖȔ ȖȉȌȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȖȋȕȍȕȕȣȔ țȌțȠȓȐȊȣȔ ȗȈȘȖȔ Ȑ ȖȚ-
ȠȊȣȘȕțȓ Ȓ șȚȍȕȍ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ țȚȘȖȔ ȗȘȐȉȍȎȈȊȠȐȑ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȕȣȑ șȓțȎȐȚȍȓȤ
șȖȖȉȡȐȓ ǹȐȓȐȕț Ȑ DzȖȕȚșȒȖȔț Ȗ ȊȏȘȣȊȍ ț DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊȈ
ǸȈȕȍȕȖȋȖ țȎȍ ȖȚȊȍȏȓȐ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞț ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ Ȓ ȕȍȔț
ȕȍ ȌȖȗțșȚȐȓȐ ȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ șȐȓȤȕȖȍ
șȖȚȘȧșȍȕȐȍ ȔȖȏȋȈ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȑ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖșȚȐ ȕȍ
ȉȣȓ ȐșȒȈȓȍȟȍȕ ȖșȒȖȓȒȈȔȐ ȊȏȖȘȊȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ șȖșțȌȈ dzȍȋȒȐȍ ȞȈ-
ȘȈȗȐȕȣ Ȑ ȕȍȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȖȎȖȋȐ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ Ȑ ȘțȒȈȝ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ȕȖ ȎȈȘ Ȑ ȉȘȍȌ ȌȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓȖ-
ȎȍȕȐȍ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ
ǩȖȓȍȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȉȖȘȖȓșȧ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ șȖ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
5-ȋȖ ȈȗȘȍȓȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȊȍȘȕțȓȖșȤ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ
ǶȚ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȌȘțȏȖȑ Ȑ, ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ Ƞȍ-
Ȋȍȓȧ ȋțȉȈȔȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ȐȔ Ȗ ȊȏȘȣȊȍ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȖȋȖȘȟȈȧșȤ
ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȌȖȊȍșȚȐ șȊȖȍ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȌȖ ȒȖȕ-
ȞȈ
— Ǩ ȔȍȌȈȓȤ Țȣ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȗȖȓțȟȐȠȤ — șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ǹȐȓȐȕ. —
Ǵȣ ș DzȖȕȚșȒȐȔ țȎȍ ȕȈȌțȔȈȓȐ
ǶȕȐ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈȌ ȉȖȓȤȕȣȔ Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȍȔț șȊȖȑ
ȗȓȈȕ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȓțȠȈȓ Ȑ ȒȐȊȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ǵț ș ǩȖȋȖȔ ȐȌȐȚȍ — Ƞȍȗȕțȓ Ȗȕ, ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȧ ȐȔ
ȉȓȍȌȕțȦ ȐșȝțȌȈȊȠțȦ ȘțȒț
ǹȐȓȐȕ Ȑ DzȖȕȚșȒȐȑ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȓ ǼȓȍȠȍȘț Ƕȕ
ȉȣȓ ȌȖȔȈ Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ Ȑȝ
— DzȈȒ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȌȘțȋȈ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ
ȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȔ.
— Ƕȕ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȋ-ȕ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǹȐȓȐȕ —
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȏȍ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȖȌȕȖ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȒȈȚȍȋȖȘȐ-
ȟȍșȒȖȍ ȏȈȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ. 12-ȋȖ ȈȗȘȍȓȧ șȖșȚȖȐȚșȧ ȗȘȐșțȎȌȍȕȐȍ țȕȐ-
ȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚșȒȐȝ ȔȍȌȈȓȍȑ Ȑ ȗȘȍȔȐȑ ȏȈ ȓțȟȠȐȍ ȌȖȒȚȖȘșȒȐȍ ȘȈȉȖ-

144
Țȣ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȠ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ, DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ șȌȍȓȈȓ
ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȍȑȠțȦ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȖȗȈșȕțȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȗȘȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȖ-
ȋȐȉȓȐ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖ
— TȘȖȍ... — ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ
— ǿȍȚȊȍȘȖ — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ ǹȐȓȐȕ. — ǰ ȍșȓȐ ȕȈȠ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ
ȕȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚ ȔȍȌȈȓȤ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȗȘȐȌȐȘȟȐȊȖșȚȐ ȚȖ țȕȐ-
ȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚșȒȐȑ șȖȊȍȚ țȏȕȈȍȚ Ȋșȍ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ ȗȍȘ-
ȊȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȗȘȍȌȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊȈ ȉȣȊȠȍȋȖ ȌȖȞȍȕȚȈ
ǶȚȚȖ ȇȕȈ
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȈ... — ȕȈȟȈȓ ȉȣȓȖ ǼȓȍȠȍȘ ȕȖ DzȖȕȚșȒȐȑ ȝȔț-
Șȧ ȋțșȚȣȍ ȉȘȖȊȐ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȓ ȍȦ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— Ǵȣ Ȋșȍ ȐȏȓȖȎȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȊȍȌȈȕȖ! ǶȗȐșȈȕȐȍ
ȘȈȉȖȚȣ Ȑ ȟȈșȚȤ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȈ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊȣȔ șȍȋȖȌ-
ȕȧ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȣ șȖȊȍȚț ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȕȣ ȉțȌȍȔ ȎȌȈȚȤ ȈȒȚȈ ǷȖȏ-
ȊȖȓȤȚȍ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȋ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȋȖ ȊȣȝȖȌȈ Ȑȏ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȏȈȗțȚȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ
6.
ǵȈ ȈȒȚȍ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ Ƕȕ ȍȡȍ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȚȘțȌȖȔ
ȗȍȘȍȌȊȐȋȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȟȕȖȑ ȗȈȓȈȚȍ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ țȚȖȔȓȧȓșȧ
ǸȍȒȚȖȘ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȓ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȖȚȏȣȊ ȒȖȔȐșșȐȐ Ȗ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ ȔȖ-
ȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ țȟȍȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț șțȎȌȍȕȖ ȏȈȕȧȚȤ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȋ
ȕȈțȒȍ ǷȖ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȦ ȜȈȒțȓȤȚȍȚȈ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊț ȗȘȐșțȎȌȈȓȈșȤ
ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȏȖȓȖȚȈȧ ȔȍȌȈȓȤ Ȑ ȗȘȍȔȐȧ ȐȔȍȕȐ ǪȈȘȍȕȚȘȈȗȗȈ
ǼȓȍȠȍȘ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȑ Ȑ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȑ șȐȌȍȓ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ Ȑ
ȕȍ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȘțșșȒȐȝ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȊȖȓȕțȦȡȐȝșȧ Ȑ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȣȝ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ țȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȗȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ
ȗȐȔ
— ǹȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȌȖȒȚȖȘț DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊț ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ șȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ
șȓȖȊȖ —ș ȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— Ǫȣ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ ȋ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓȐ șȚȖ ȔȖ-
ȓȖȌȣȍ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ
— Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȈȚȤ șȍȒȘȍȚ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȐȧ ȈȓȤȜȈ-ȗȐȋ-
ȔȍȕȚȈ ȇ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȌȖȘȖȋȖ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȐȓ ȏȈ ȕȍȋȖ — șȚȘȈșȚȕȣȔ
ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ǼȓȍȠȍȘ

— ǷȖȓȖȎȐȔ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȕȈȠȍȔț ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡț ȕȍȌȍȠȍȊȖ ȖȉȖȠ-
ȓȖșȤ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȏȈȌȈȕȕȖȑ ȍȔț ȊȈȔȐ ȏȈȌȈȟȐ — ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ ȗȖ-
ȎȈȊ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ ǹȐȓȐȕ, — ȕȖ Ȗȕ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȌȈșȚ șȍȒȘȍȚ
ǷȖȓȤȏțȑȚȍșȤ ȐȔ Ȋȣ, ȍșȓȐ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ
ǹ ȥȚȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȖȕȐ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ǼȓȍȠȍȘȈ.
ǵȈ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ Ȑȝ ȕȈȋȕȈȓ ǶȚȚȖ ȇȕ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒ ȉȓȍȌȍȕ
ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȣȓ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȖȌȍȚ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ țȓȣȉȈȓșȧ ȖȚȟȍȋȖ
ȓȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȓȖ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȍ ȟțȎȌȖȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ
— ǹȒȈȎȐȚȍ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊț ȟȚȖ ȧ șȗȈșȍȕ — ȗȖȟȚȐ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ȗȕ.
— ȇ țȎȍ ȗȘȖȌȈȓ ȈȓȤȜȈ-ȗȐȋȔȍȕȚ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȏȈȌȈȚȖȒ ǷȧȚȤ
Țȣșȧȟ ȔȈȘȖȒ ǷȧȚȤ Țȣșȧȟ ȔȈȘȖȒ ǹȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ ȉț-
ȌȍȚ ȔȖȐȔ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȤȖȕȖȔ ȇ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȖȠț
ǹȐȓȐȕ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȟțȎȌȖȍ ȍȔț Țȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ ȏȈȐșȒȐȊȈȦȡȍȍ Ȑ ȕȍȓȍȗȖ-ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȇȕȈ Ȑ ȕȈșȔȍȠ-
ȓȐȊȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȏȊțȟȈȓȐ ȋȖȘȤȒȐȍ ȕȖȚȣ
șȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȖ-ȘțșșȒȐ
— ǰȏȣȌȐȚȍ Ȋȣ ȚȖȘȋțȦȡȐȍ ȕȈțȒȖȑ ǰȏȣȌȐȚȍ Ȑȏ ȝȘȈȔȈ
ȕȈțȒȐ, Ȋȣ șȘȍȉȘȖȓȦȉȞȣ Ȑ țȉȐȑȞȣ!
ǹ ȥȚȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ Ȗȕ ȖȚȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȖȚ ǶȚȚȖ ȇȕȈ Ȑ ȗȖȋȘȖȏȐȓ
ȒțȓȈȒȖȔ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ

DzȁȋǹȊ ǿȀǮǾȄdzǰǮ
Ƕȕ ȔȖȕțȖ ȞȡȟȟȘȖȣ ȟȠȡȒȓțȠȜȐ

147
I
Ǫ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ ǹȖȘȉȖȕȕȣ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȐȝȖ ȒȈȒ Ȋ
ȞȍȘȒȊȐ ǷȖȟȚȍȕȕȣȑ ǩțȚȐ ȗȘȖȏȊȈȕȕȣȑ ©ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȔ ȒȖȘȖ-
ȓȍȊșȒȐȝ șȣȕȖȊȍȑª ȖȉȝȖȌȐȓ șȚțȌȍȕȚȖȊ ǪȣșȖȒȐȑ șȚȘȖȋȐȑ șȚȈ-
ȘȐȒ Ȋ ȉȍȏțȒȖȘȐȏȕȍȕȕȖȔ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ șȦȘȚțȒȍ Ȑ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȟȍȘ-
ȕȣȝ ȓȈȑȒȖȊȣȝ ȗȍȘȟȈȚȒȈȝ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓ Ȓ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦȡȐȔ șȚțȌȍȕ-
ȚȈȔ Ȑ ȘȈșșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ Ȗ ȝȖȌȍ ȖȗȣȚȖȊ Ȑ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȑ ǫȓȈȌ-
ȒȖ ȊȣȉȘȐȚȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ ș ȡȍȚȒȖȑ șȍȌȣȝ ȊȖȓȖș ȕȈȌ Ȋȣ-
șȖȒȐȔ ȓȉȖȔ Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ șȍȘȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȍșșȚȘȈșȚȕȣ ǵȐ-
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȓȤȏȈ ȉȣȓȖ țȋȈȌȈȚȤ ȌȖȊȖȓȍȕ ȓȐ Ȗȕ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȈȔȐ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȣ ȐȓȐ șȍȘȌȐȚșȧ Ƕȕ țȝȖȌȐȓ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ Ȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȍ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȧ ȗȖșȓȍ șȍȉȧ șȔțȚȕȖȍ Ȋȗȍ-
ȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȍȌȖșȧȋȈȍȔȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȧ
Ǫ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȐ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ țȔȖȓȒȈȓ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȕȍȘȊȕȣȑ țȊ-
ȓȍȒȈȦȡȐȑșȧ dzȍȌȦȒ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ Ȋ ©ȗȍȘȊȖ-
ȉȣȚȕȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍª ȒȖȋȌȈ ȠȈȋȐ ©ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȚȍȓȧ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊșȒȐȝ
șȣȕȖȊȍȑª ȏȈȚȐȝȈȓȐ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȋȈȓȍȘȍȐ ǬȦȔȈ
ǷȖ ȔȍȘȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȧșȕȧȓȖșȤ ȓȐȞȖ ȌȖȉȘȍȑȠȍȋȖ dzȍȌȦ-
ȒȈ Ȋ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ ȠțȔȕȍȍ Ȑ Ȋȍșȍȓȍȍ DzȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ
ȒȘȈșȈȊȍȞ-ȔȈȘșȍȓȍȞ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȕțȦ ȗȖȏț ȊșȚȈȓ Ȋ ȗȘȖȝȖ-
Ȍȍ ȔȍȎȌț șȚȖȓȈȔȐ Ȑ ȏȈȗȍȓ ȗȘȐȗȓȧșȣȊȈȧ ȊȍșȍȓțȦ ȜȘȐȊȖȓȤ-
ȕțȦ ȠȈȕșȖȕȍȚȒț ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȦȦ ȕȖȊȐȕȒț «Chat noir».
ǰȏ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȋȖ țȋȓȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȑ ȔȖ-
ȋțȟȐȑ ȉȈȘȐȚȖȕ ȗȖȌȚȧȕțȓ ȍȔț Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȖȒȘȣȓ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȐȑ ȚȍȕȖȘȖȒ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏȈ șȚȣȌȓȐȊȖ țȔȖȓȒȠȍȋȖ
ǵȖ ȉȈȘȐȚȖȕ șȘȈȏț ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓ ȗȍșȕȦ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȘȖȗȍȓ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȍ ȟțȎȌȖȍ Ȍȓȧ șȓțȝȈ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȐȊȖȓȤȕȖ-ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ dzȍȘȔȖȕȚȖȊșȒȖ-
ȋȖ ©ǬȍȔȖȕȈª
ǵȈ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȔ ȖȒȍȈȕȍ
ǩȍȏ Șțȓȧ Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȊȍȚȘȐȓ
ǺȐȝȖ ȌȊȐȎțȚșȧ Ȋ ȚțȔȈȕȍ
ǽȖȘȣ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȍ șȊȍȚȐȓ.

148
ǶȋȓțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȈȗȓȖȌȐșȔȍȕȚȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȋȘȈȌȖȑ ȗȍȊȞț
Ƕȕ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȘȈșȒȓȈȕȐȊȈȚȤșȧ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȗȓȍȟȐȑ ȦȕȖȠȈ ȓȍȚ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȌȊțȝ-ȚȘȍȝ ș
ȋțșȚȣȔȐ ȘțșȣȔȐ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ Ȑ Ȋȍșȍȓȣ-
ȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ǶȌȍȚ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ șȍȘȣȑ ȝȈȓȈȚ Ȑȏ ȊȣȘȍ-
ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȒȘȈȝȔȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȟȖȒ Ȑ
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȉȈȕȚ.
ǷȖȒȓȖȕȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȗȕ țȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ șȊȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȒȐȊȈȦȡȍȔț ȍȔț ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ dzȍȌȦȒț ȕȖ ȍȋȖ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐ-
ȓȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ Ȏȍ șȍȘȖȔ ȘȈȉȖȟȍȔ ȝȈȓȈȚȍ Ƕȋ-
ȘȖȔȕȣȑ țȏȍȓ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȣȝ șȊȍȚȓȖ-Șțșȣȝ ȊȖȓȖș ȍȌȊȈ țȔȍȡȈȓ-
șȧ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȏȈȚȣȓȒȍ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȖȗțșȒȈȓșȧ ȕȈ șȚȘȖȑȕțȦ ȠȍȦ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓȈ ȗȍȊȞț ȌȊȍ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȋȊȖȏȌȐȒȐ Ȉ Ȗȕ
ȊȏȧȊ ȞȊȍȚȣ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȖ-ȘțșșȒȐ
— ǵț ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȍȘȎȐȚȍșȤ ǪȍȘȈ ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊȕȈ. ǷȘȖȝȖȌț ȕȈȔ
ȕȍ ȌȈȌțȚ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȏȈșȔȍȦȚ ȏțȉȖșȒȈȓȣ ȏȌȍȠȕȐȍ
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ! — țȓȣȉȕțȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ — ǰ ȚȈȒ ȌȘȈȏȕȧȚ ǬȈ ȕȐ-
ȟȍȋȖ — ȊȣȌȍȘȎȐȔ ȒȈȒ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ dzȤȊȖȊȐȟ
Ǫșȍ ȘȈȏȖȠȓȐșȤ ȗȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȔȍșȚȈȔ Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȗȖȠȓȈ Ȗȉȣȟ-
ȕȣȔ ȟȍȘȍȌȖȔ
ǻȎȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ șȔȍȘȒȈȚȤșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȑȏ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȓȈȉȖ-
ȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ǪȍȘȈ ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊȕȈ ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȌȍȚȈ
Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȍ șțȒȖȕȕȖȍ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȒȘȖȧ Ȑ Ȋ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ-
ȗȖȓțȦ șȍȘțȦ Ƞȓȧȗț țȒȘȈȠȍȕȕțȦ șȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔ ȞȊȍȚ-
ȒȖȔ ȥȌȍȓȤȊȍȑșȈ ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȕȈȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȈ ȗȍȘȟȈȚȒț ȕȈ ȓȍȊțȦ Șț-
Ȓț Ȑ, ȒȐȊȕțȊ ȖȉȖȐȔ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈȔ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ
— Ǩ ȉȣ ȏȈșȐȌȍȓȐșȤ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ" Ǩ ȚȖ ȉȣ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ Ȓ ǬȦ-
ȊȈȓȦ ȕȈ ǩțȓȤ-MȐȠ"
— ǵȈȌȖ Ȍȓȧ ©ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȚȍȓȧ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊșȒȐȝ șȣȕȖȊȍȑª ȖȌȕȖ
ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ, — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȉȈȘȖȕ ȕȈȌȍȊȈȧ ȗȍȕșȕȍ. —
Ǩ Ȋȣ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ǪȍȘȈ ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊȕȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȉțȌȤȚȍ ȟȚȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ șȍ-
ȋȖȌȕȧ ȎțȘȜȐȒș
— ©Ǫșȍ-ȚȈȒȐª ȧ ȕȍ ȏȈȉțȌț — ȏȈșȔȍȧȓȈșȤ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ — Ǫȣ
ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ dzȤȊȖȊȐȟ ȉțȌȍȚȍ"
— ǩȈȘȖȕ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȧ ȗȘȐȌț ȗȖșȓȍ ȏȈșȍȌȈȕȐȧ Ȋ
Ȓȓțȉȍ, — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ — ǻ ȕȈș șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȋ șȓȈȊȧȕșȒȖȔ Ȓȓț-
ȉȍ ȗȍȘȊȖȍ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ ȗȖȌ ȔȖȐȔ ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ

149
— Monsieur le president... — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȣȔ
ȚȖȕȖȔ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȍȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȠȒȖȓȤȕȐȞȈ — Ǩ ȗȍȚȤ ȋ-ȕ ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈ-
ȚȍȓȤ ȉțȌȍȚȍ"
— ǭșȓȐ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȍȚ ȍșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȗȘȐȒȈȎȍȚȍ, —ȗȖ-
ȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ Ȑ ȐȌȧ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȕȍȑ.
DzȖȋȌȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ țȠȓȈ ȉȈȘȖȕ ǸȈțȝ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ Ȑ șȕȧȊ
ȗȍȕșȕȍ ȏȈȒȈȚȐȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ
— ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȈ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȟȚȖ ǪȍȘȈ ǴȐȝȈȑ-
ȓȖȊȕȈ — ȕȈȟȈȓ Ȗȕ
ǭȔț ȕȍ ȌȈȓȐ ȌȖȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ ȒȘȐȒ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȣȍ ȠȈȋȐ ȉȍȋțȡȍȋȖ
șȚțȌȍȕȚȈ
— ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ ǸȈțȝ — ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȊȉȍȋȈȧ Ȋ ȓȈȉȖȘȈ-
ȚȖȘȐȦ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȦȘȒȐȑ ȝȖȝȖȓ ǷȍȌȈȠȍȕȒȖ — ǩȍȋȐȚȍ ȕȈ
ȊȣȘțȟȒț ǵȍȔȞȣ ȏȈȚȍȊȈȦȚ șȒȈȕȌȈȓ Ȑȝ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȉ ȕȈș
ȌȊȖȍ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ș ȕȈȔȐ ǪȍȘȈ ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊȕȈ Ȑ ȍȡȍ șȚțȌȍȕȚȒȐ
Ǵȣ
ǵȖ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ țȎȍ ȕȍ șȓțȠȈȓ Ƕȕ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ șȉȘȈșȣȊȈȓ ȝȈ-
ȓȈȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȚȘȍȡȈȓ ȗȘȐ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȍȋȖ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȐ ǹȚȧȕțȊ ȍȋȖ Ȑ
ȕȈ ȝȖȌț țȎȍ ȕȈȌȍȊ ȗȐȌȎȈȒ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ ȕȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȧ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ
ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ȊȣȝȖȌț ǵȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȝȘȈȔȖȔ ǹȖȘȉȖȕȕȣ
șȚȖȧȓȈ ȋȘțȗȗȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ șȘȈȏț ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ǪȍȘț ǴȐȝȈȑ-
ȓȖȊȕț ǶȕȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȖȗțșȚȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȉ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȋȘțȏȕȣȑ ȒȘȈș-
ȕȖȡȍȒȐȑ șȚțȌȍȕȚ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȧȧșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȑ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȚȤ Ȋ
ȓȐȞȖ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȧȚȤ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȏȈȋȘȈȎȌȈȓȐ ȌȖșȚțȗ ȘțșșȒȖȔț șȚț-
ȌȍȕȚț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓșȧ ȏȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ Ȓ ȚȖȓȗȍ șȖȉȘȈȊȠȍȑ-
șȧ ȕȈ ȚȘȖȚțȈȘȍ ȕȖ Ȑȏ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȣȝ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȓ ȊȔȍȠȐ-
ȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȎȐȔȈȧ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ ȖȕȐ țȝȔȣȓȧȓȐșȤ șȓȍȌȧ ȏȈ ȗȘȖ-
ȐșȝȖȌȧȡȐȔ ǬȊȍ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ǪȍȘȖȑ ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊ-
ȕȖȑ Ȑ ȕȍ țȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ șȚțȌȍȕȚ ȗȘȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ Ȏȍ ȠȈȋȍ ȝȊȈ-
ȚȈȓ Ȑȝ ȏȈ ȘțȒȐ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ țȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ
ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ƞȍȓ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȥȚȖȑ ȋȘțȗȗȣ ǭȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȈ-
ȔȍȚȐȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȖȉȖȠȍȓ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤ Ȑ șȘȈȏț ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ Șȧ-
ȌȖȔ ș ǪȍȘȖȑ ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊ ȕȖȑ Ȑ ȍȍ ȗȖȌȘțȋȈȔȐ
— ǰȌȍȔȚȍ șțȌȈȘȣȕȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȗȖ-ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐ Ȑ ȖȕȐ
ȗȖȠȓȐ
DzȘȈșȕȖȡȍȒȐȑ șȚțȌȍȕȚ ȖȗȍȠȐȓ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȊȣȘțȋȈȓșȧ ȗȖ-
ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐ
ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ șȘȈȏț ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȑȌȧ Ȓ șȚțȌȍȕȚț șȒȈȏȈȓ

150
ȍȔț ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȔ ȏȊȍȕȧȡȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ:
— ǹȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ȒȖȓȓȍȋȈ Ǵȣ, ȘțșșȒȐȍ, ȏȕȈȍȔ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȍ
ȧȏȣȒȐ ȕȖ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȐ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈȝ
ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȍ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȐȋȍȕȚȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȓȐ ȘțȋȈ-
ȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ
— ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ" — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȕȍȔȍȞ șȎȐȔȈȧ ȒțȓȈȒȐ
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȐȏȊȐ-
ȕȐȚȤșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȌȈȔȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Ȍȓȧ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȈ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȉȓȈȋȈ țȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚșȦȌȈ ȒțȌȈ ȊȈȔ ȉțȌȍȚ țȋȖȌȕȖ
— ȇ ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȦ ȐȏȊȐȕȧȚȤșȧ — ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȕȍȔȍȞ Ȑ
ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȊȗȓȖȚȕțȦ Ȓ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊț
— Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ
— mesdames, ȧ ȊȈș ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȖȠț ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȖȚȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ
ǹ ȥȚȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ șȚțȌȍȕȚ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȔ ȕȖ șȐȓȤȕȣȔ ȚȖȓȟ-
ȒȖȔ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȤ ȕȍȔȞȈ ȖȚȉȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȖȚ șȍȉȧ Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȌȊȈ ȉȣ-
șȚȘȣȝ ȓȖȊȒȐȝ țȌȈȘȈ ȗȖ Ƞȓȧȗȍ Ȑ ȏȈȚȣȓȒț șȊȈȓȐȓȐ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ-
ȕȐȒȈ ș ȕȖȋ ǷȖȌȖșȗȍȊȠȐȍ ǷȍȌȈȠȍȕȒȖ Ȑ ǸȈțȝ ș ȖșȚȈȊȠȐȔȐ-
șȧ șȚțȌȍȕȚȈȔȐ ȊșȚțȗȐȓȐ Ȋ șȝȊȈȚȒț ș ȕȍȔȞȈȔȐ
ǩȍȎȈȓȐ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȐȊȈȧ ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ȗȈȓȖȟȒȈȔȐ ȊșȍȊȐȌȧȡȐȍ ȗȖ-
ȓȐșȔȍȕȣ Ȑ ȊșȒȖȘȍ Ȋșȧ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȧ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȌȍȊțȠȍȒ ȖȟțȚȐ-
ȓȈșȤ ț ȒȖȔȐșșȈȘȈ
ǷȘȐ ȊȣȝȖȌȍ Ȓ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊț ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȗȖȉȐȚȣȑ ȐȔ șȚțȌȍȕȚ Ȑ
ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ șȖȋȕțȚțȦ ȗȖȗȖȓȈȔ ȊȐȏȐȚȕțȦ ȒȈȘȚȖȟȒț
— ȇ — ǩȐȓȤȌȍȘ ǪȐȓȓȐ ǩȐȓȤȌȍȘ Ȑȏ ǷȖȚșȌȈȔȈ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȦ
ȊȈș ȕȈ ȌțȥȓȤ ǹȈȉȓȐ ǺȘȐ Ȍȕȧ șȘȖȒȈ ǴȖȑ ȈȌȘȍș ȊȈȠȐ șȍ-
ȒțȕȌȈȕȚȣ ȕȈȑȌțȚ ȕȈ ȔȖȍȑ ȒȈȘȚȖȟȒȍ
Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȓ Ƞȓȧȗț Ȑ țȠȍȓ ș ȕȍȏȈȊȐșȐȔȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ
ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȕȈșȊȐșȚȣȊȈȧ ȉȘȈȊțȘȕȣȑ ȔȈȘȠ
ǹȚȈȘ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ șȓȈȊȧȕșȒȐȑ Ȓȓțȉ
II
ǹȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȕȖȋȖȓȦȌȕȖȍ ǺȖȓȗȈ șȚțȌȍȕȚȖȊ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ
șȓȈȊȧȕșȒȐȝ ȕȈȘȖȌȕȖșȚȍȑ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȖ ȖȉșțȎȌȈȓȈ ȊȣșȚțȗ-
ȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȝ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ ȕȈ ȓȍȒȞȐȧȝ Ȋ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ țȟȍȉ-
ȕȣȝ ȏȈȊȍȌȍȕȐȧȝ ǷȈȘȐȎȈ Ƕȉ ȥȚȖȔ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ

151
ȕȖ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȍ ǩȐȓȤȌȍȘȈ ȕȈ ȘțșșȒȐȝ șȚțȌȍȕȚȖȒ ȐȔȍ-
ȓȖ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕțȦ șȊȧȏȤ ș Ȗȉȡȍȑ ȚȈȒȚȐȒȖȑ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȕȖ șȐȓȤȕȖ șȗȓȖȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȝ ȒȖȘȗȖȘȈȞȐȑ
ǹȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȤ ȒȓțȉȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȑ Ȑ țȋȘȦȔȣȑ ȟȍȝ
ǰȖșȐȜ ǴȘȚȐȟȒȈ Ȋȏȧȓ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊȈ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒț Ȑ țȊȍȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ șȖșȍȌ-
ȕȦȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȋȌȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȊȖ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ Ȉț-
ȌȐȚȖȘȐȧȝ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ ȕȍȔȞȣ Ȑ
ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓȐ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏȈȔ ȐȏȋȕȈȚȤ ȕȍȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȣȝ șȓȈȊȧȕ DzȖȋ-
ȌȈ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȍ șȚțȌȍȕȚȣ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȐ șȊȐ-
șȚȖȔ Ȑ ȊȖȏȔțȡȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȒȘȐȒȈȔȐ ȕȍȔȞȣ ȌȍȔȖȕșȚȘȈȚȐȊȕȖ
ȗȖȒȐȕțȓȐ ȈțȌȐȚȖȘȐȐ
— ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ǴȘȚȐȟȒȈ — ȕȈȠȍȔț Ȓȓțȉț ȗȘȐ-
ȌȍȚșȧ ȐȔȍȚȤ ș ȕȍȔȞȈȔȐ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȍ ȌȍȓȖ ǶȕȐ ȉțȌțȚ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȚȤ
ȕȈș ȕȈ ȘȍȏȒȐȍ ȊȣșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ șȚȈȕțȚ ȗȖȗȘȖșȚț ȗȘȖȊȖȞȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ
Ȑ ȕȈș ȗȈȘȐȎșȒȈȧ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȧ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȧȡȈȧ ȠțȔȈ șȘȍȌȐ ȐȕȖșȚ-
ȘȈȕȞȍȊ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȐȑ ȏȈȒȘȖȍȚ
Ǫ Ȗȉȡȍȑ ȏȈȓȍ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊț ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ țș-
ȗȖȒȖȐȚȤ șȖȉȘȈȊȠȐȝșȧ șȚțȌȍȕȚȖȊ Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȗ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚ-
ȊȐȐ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȝȘȈȔȖȔ ǹȖȘȉȖȕȕȣ Ȑ Ȗ ȊȣȏȖȊȍ ǩȐȓȤ-
ȌȍȘȈ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȏȈșȍȌȈȕȐȧ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȔ
ș ȚȈȒȖȑ ȘȍȟȤȦ:
— ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ǪȈȔ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȔȐ-
ȘȖȓȦȉȐȊȣȑ Ȑ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȔ șȔȍȘȚȖȕȖșȕȣȔ ȖȘțȎȐȍȔ ȕȍ ȊȓȈȌȍȦ
ǪȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȌțȥȓȐ ǩȐȓȤ-
ȌȍȘȈ ȕȍ șȊȈȓȐȚ ȔȖȓȕȐȧ ȐȓȐ ȈȗȖȗȓȍȒșȐȟȍșȒȐȑ țȌȈȘ Ȕȕȍ
ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȕțȚȤșȧ ȖșȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȔț ȒȘȖȊȖȐșȗțșȒȈȕȐȦ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȒȚȖ ȎȍȓȈȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȐȔȐ șȍȒțȕȌȈȕȚȈ-
ȔȐ" ǫȌȍ-ȚȖ ȧ ȟȐȚȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚșȧ ȐȔȍȚȤ ȌȊțȝ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȑ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ Țȍȉȧ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔ ȗȘȈ-
ȊȐȓȈȔ ȐȏȉȐȓȐ
ǹȘȍȌȐ ȊȖȞȈȘȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȧ Ȓ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊț ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ
țșȈȚȣȑ ȘȈșȜȘȈȕȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȌȕȈȧ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȒȈ ȗȖȓȧȒ Ǹț-
ȓȐȞȒȐȑ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ȇ Ȓ ȊȈȠȐȔ țșȓțȋȈȔ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȐ ȌȍȓȈ Ȕȕȍ
ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣ!
ǷȘȐ ȥȚȐȝ șȓȖȊȈȝ Ȗȕ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȣȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ țȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈ
ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȠȘȈȔ ȐȌțȡȐȑ ȖȚ ȊȐșȒȈ ȌȖ ȗȖȌȉȖȘȖȌȒȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖ-

152
ȌȖȓȎȈȓ
— ȇ ȊȐȎț ȟȚȖ șȘȍȌȐ ȏȌȍȠȕȐȝ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȐșȚȖȊ
ȗȖ ȌțȥȓȐ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț ȧ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȦ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȚȤ Ȋ
ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ șȍȒțȕȌȈȕȚȈ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȋȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈ-
ȕȈ ǷȈȚȐȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȔȈșȚȍȘȈ ȏȈȉȐȧȒț Ȑ ȊȍșȍȓȤȟȈȒȈ Ƕȕ Ȏȍ
ȊȈș ȝȖȚȤ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȚȘȍȕȐȘțȍȚ
ǻșȓȖȊȐȊȠȐșȤ ș ǸțȓȐȞȒȐȔ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ ȍȋȖ Ȑ
ǷȈȚȐȕȖ ș șȍȒțȕȌȈȕȚȈȔȐ ǩȐȓȤȌȍȘȈ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȑ-
ȚȐ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȋ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘț ȉȈȘȖȕȈ ǸȈțȝȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ ȍȝȈȓ Ȓ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡț ȕȈ șȍȘȌȞȍ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓ
ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȑ ȡȍȒȖȟțȡȐȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȖȒ ȕȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖȍ
ȟțȊșȚȊȖ țșȐȓȐȊȈȦȡȍȍșȧ ȗȖ ȔȍȘȍ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȍȕȐȧ Ȓ ȌȖȔț ȋȌȍ
ȎȐȓ ȉȈȘȖȕ ǸȈțȝ ȏȈȋȓțȠȐȓȖ ȥȚț ȡȍȔȧȡțȦ ȚȖșȒȓȐȊțȦ ȉȖȓȤ
III
Ǫ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȑ șȚțȌȍȕȚ ș țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ-
ȗȖȓțȦ șȍȘțȦ Ƞȓȧȗț ș ȥȌȍȓȤȊȍȑșȖȔ Ȑ ȊȍșȍȓȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ
Ǫșȍ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ șȓțȎȐȊȠȍȑ
Ȑ ȋȖșȚȐȕȖȑ Ȑ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȖȔ.
ǵȈ ȌȐȊȈȕȍ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȌȈȔȣ Ȉ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔ șȚțȓȤȧȔ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȖȒȖȕ-
ȕȐȒȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȕȈ ȗȖȓț ȘȈȏȔȍșȚȐȓȐșȤ șȚțȌȍȕȚȣ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȌȐȊȈȕȖȔ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȊ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȕȐȏȍȕȤȒțȦ șȒȈ-
ȔȍȍȟȒț ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ șȒțȓȤȗȚȖȘ ǩȘȎȍȋȈ ȓȍȗȐȓ Ȑȏ ȋȓȐȕȣ ȋȖȓȖȊ-
Ȓț ȗȐȈȕȐșȚȒȐ ǺȈȕȤȍȊȖȑ. ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȦȕȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȚȖ-
ȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȊȠȈȧ ȒȖȕșȍȘȊȈȚȖȘȐȦ ǭȍ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ ș ȌȍȚșȒȐ
ȔȧȋȒȐȔȐ ȓȐȕȐȧȔȐ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȍ ȒȈȒ ț ȈȕȋȍȓȈ ȓȐȞȖ ș ȖȋȘȖȔ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȓȧȓȖ țȎȍ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȝțȌȖȎ-
ȕȐȒȖȊ
ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ ȐșȒȈȓ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ǪȍȘț ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊȕț ǭȍ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ
ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǶȚșțȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȑ ǸȈțȝ
ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ dzȤȊȖȊȐȟ ȖȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȐȏȊȐȕȧȧșȤ ȕȈȟȈȓ
ȗȘȖȚȐșȒȐȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȉȈȓȒȖȕȈ
ǬȊȍȘȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȈ Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ ȕȈȠȍȓ ǪȍȘț ǴȐ-
ȝȈȑȓȖȊȕț Ȑ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ ǸȈțȝ șȚȖȧȓ ȖȗȍȘȠȐșȤ șȗȐȕȖȑ Ȗ ȘȍȠȍȚ-
Ȓț ȉȈȓȒȖȕȈ Ȑ ȚȍȘȍȉȧ ȓȐșȚȤȧ ȓȈȊȘȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȘȈșȚțȡȍȋȖ Ȋ

153
ȒȈȌȒȍ. Ƕȕ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ șȔțȡȍȕȕȣȔ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȉȓȐȏȖȘțȒȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȓȍș-
ȚȍȓȐ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖ ȔȖȘȡȐȓȈ ȉȘȖȊȐ ȝȖȚȧ șȚȈȘȈȓȈșȤ
ȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȑ. ǻȊȐȌȍȊ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊȈ ȖȕȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊșȚȈȓȈ Ȑ
ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ Ȓ ȕȍȔț
— ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ-ȚȖ Ȋȣ! — ȊșȗȣȝȕțȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ȇ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȚȘȍȊȖ-
ȎȐȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ȊȈș, a ȔȐȓȣȑ ȉȈȘȖȕ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȘȈȏȊȓȍȒȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȕȈșȚȘȈȐȊȈȧ ȕȈ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȋȘțșȚȕȣȑ ȓȈȌ
— DzȈȒ ȚȈȒ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǸȈțȝ
— ǵț ȌȈ Ȋȣ Ȕȕȍ ȚȊȍȘȌȐȓȐ Ȗ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȑ Ȗ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖȔ
ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȐ ȓȐȠȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ, — ȏȈșȔȍȧȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘ-
ȕțȓȈșȤ Ȓ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊț — DzȈȒ ȌȍȓȈ" ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ȕȍȓȍȗȖșȚȤ ȥȚȈ ȌțȥȓȤ"
DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȐ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȊȣȏȖȊ ȥȚȖ-
ȋȖ ǩȐȓȤȌȍȘȈ"
— ǶȉȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓ Ȉ șȍȒțȕȌȈȕȚȖȊ ȗȖșȓȈȓ — ȏȈș-
Ȕȍȧȓșȧ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ. — ǬȈ ȧ ȍȡȍ ȗȖșȗȖȘȦ ș ȕȐȔ Ǵȍȕȧ ȉțȌȍȚ
ȖȉțȟȈȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǷȈȚȐȕȖ
ǸȈțȝ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ǪȍȘț ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊȕț Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ
ȅȚȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǷȖȑȌȍȔȚȍ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț — ȧ șȗȖȦ Ǩ ȚȖ Ȕȣ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ Ȍȓȧ
șȈȔȐȝ șȍȉȧ ȊȗȈȌȈȍȔ Ȋ ȋȘțșȚȕȣȑ ȚȖȕ Ǩ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ —
ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȘțȉȐȚ Ȏȍ ȕȍȔȍȞ ǩȐȓȤȌȍȘ Ȕȕȍ ȋȖȓȖ-
Ȋț Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȘȍȎȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȗȖȓȈȔ"
ǺȈȕȤȍȊȈ țșȍȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ȗȐȈȕȐȕȖ Ȑ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȍȚȤ
ǻȎȍ ȏȈȘȧ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈȌ ǹȖȉȖȘȖȔ ǩȖȋȖȔȈȚȍȘȐ
Ȑ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȖȔ ȕȍȉȍ ȒȈȒ ȒȘțȎȍȊȖ ȟȍȘȕȍȓȐșȤ Saint-Cha-
pelle Ȑ ȉȈȠȕȧ ǹȊ ȇȒȖȊȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ǸțȓȐȞȒȐȑ ǯȈ ȕȐȔ
ȊȖȠȍȓ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ Ȑ ȒȘțȋȓȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȠȈȘ ǷȈȚȐȕȖ
ǶȕȐ țȊȍȓȐ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊȈ Ȋ șȚȖȓȖȊțȦ Ȑ șȖȖȉȡȐȓȐ ȍȔț Ȗȉ țș-
ȓȖȊȐȧȝ ȗȖȍȌȐȕȒȈ ǷȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȐ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤșȧ
ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȘȐ Ȍȕȧ Ȋ ȗȈȘȒȍ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȑ ȠȒȖȓȣ
— ǵȍ șȒȘȖȦ ȖȚ ȊȈș, — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȠȍȊȍȓȧ ȕȈȜȈȉȘȍȕȕȣȔȐ
țșȐȒȈȔȐ ǷȈȚȐȕȖ — ȟȚȖ ǩȐȓȤȌȍȘ — ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȑ
Ǵȣ ȕȈȊȍȓȐ șȗȘȈȊȒȐ Ȋ șȖșȍȌȕȐȝ ȔȈȕȍȎȈȝ Ȑ țȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ-
ȔȍȞ șȟȐȚȈȍȚșȧ ȟȍȔȗȐȖȕȖȔ ȉȖȧ ȕȈ șȈȉȓȧȝ Ǫȣ ȝȖȚȤ ȒȈȒ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ ȌȍȘȍȚȍșȤ?
— ǵȍȚ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ. — ǹȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ țȔȍȦ.
ǷȖțȟȐȚȍ — ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉțȌț ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȍȕ

154
ǷȈȚȐȕȖ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȧ dzȤȊȖȊȐȟȈ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȕȈ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ
țȚȘȖȔ Ȑ ȖȉȈ ȖȕȐ ș ǸțȓȐȞȒȐȔ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȍ Ȑ ȗȖȓȕȣȍ ȚȈȐȕ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ țȓȍȚțȟȐȓȐșȤ
ǻȎȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȘȈșșȊȍȓȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȋocȚȐ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓȐ ǸȈțȝȈ
ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȖȌȐȕ. ǩȈȘȖȕ Ȑ ǷȍȌȈȠȍȕȒȖ
ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȓȐ ǪȍȘț ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊȕț Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȗȘȐșȖȍȌȐȕȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ǩȘȎȍ-
ȋȈ ș ǺȈȕȤȍȊȖȑ
ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ dzȤȊȖȊȐȟ ȎȐȓ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȍ Monsieur le Prince.
ǷȍȘȍȑȌȧ ǹȍȕț ț dzțȊȘȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȗȖ du ǪȈș ǵȈ țȋȓț
ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ țȓȐȞȣ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȈ Ȑ ȌȖ-
ȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȚȍȘȚȣȑ șțȉȢȍȒȚ Ȋ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȗȖȓȖȑ ȐȏȔȧȚȖȑ Ƞȓȧȗȍ
ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȚȖȓȒȕțȊ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊȈ
— ǻȓȐȞȈ ǪȖȎȐȘȈȘ , — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ ȐȌȧ ȏȈ șȚț-
ȌȍȕȚȖȔ.
ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ Ȗȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ ȕȖ ȚȖȚ ȘȈșȗȘȈȊȓȧȧ ȗȖȓȧ Ƞȓȧȗȣ ȉȣ-
șȚȘȖ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȔȐȔȖ Ȑ șȊȍȘȕțȓ Ȋ țȏȒȐȑ ȚțȗȐȒ ȌȖȔȈ DzȈșȐȕȐ.
IV
Ǫ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ț ǷȈȚȐȕȖ ȕȈ ȕȐȏȒȖȑ șȖȜȍ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ǷȖ Ȑȝ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈȔ Ȑ ȔȈȕȍȘȈȔ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖȋȈ-
ȌȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȍ
— ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȥȚȖȋȖ ǩȐȓȤȌȍȘȈ, — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ șȐȌȧȡȐȝ
ȕȈ șȖȜȍ, — Ȗȕ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȌȍȘȍȚșȧ ǫȖȘȧȟ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȐȕȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȘȈȏȉȘȈșȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȖ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ Ȗȕ — ȖȗȈșȍȕ
Ƕȕ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȍȡȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȚȤ ȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚȒȘȣ-
ȓȈșȤ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȊȖȠȍȓ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ
ǷȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȊȠȐșȤ șȖ ȊșȍȔȐ Ȗȕ ȊȖȗȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ
ȕȈ ǷȈȚȐȕȖ DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǸȈȏȌȍȕȤȚȍșȤ monsieur ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ ǵȈȔ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ
ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȊȈș ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȊȈș țȟȐȚȤ
ǵȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȕȜțȏȧșȤ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ șȒȐȕțȓ ȗȐȌȎȈȒ Ȑ ȎȐȓȍȚ Ȑ
ȖșȚȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȘțȉȈȠȒȍ
— ǰ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ — ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ ǷȈȚȐȕȖ
ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ dzȤȊȖȊȐȟ șȕȧȓ ȘțȉȈȠȒț Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȖȜȐȞȍ-
ȘȈȔ.

155
ȀȐȘȖȒȈȧ Ȑ ȊȣșȖȒȈȧ ȋȘțȌȤ șȚțȌȍȕȚȈ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȖȉȘȐșȖ-
ȊȣȊȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȔțșȒțȓȣ Ȑ ȔȖȋțȟȈȧ șȗȐȕȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓȐ ȊȗȍȟȈȚ-
ȓȍȕȐȍ
— ǨȚȓȍȚ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȜȍȝȚȖȊȈȓȤȡȐȒ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ
— ǩțȌȍȔ ȖȉțȟȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȍȔȈȔ ȕȈ șȐȓț, — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǷȈȚȐȕȖ Ȑ
ȗȖȌȈȓ CȚapȞȍȊț ȠȓȍȔ, ȕȈȋȘțȌȕȐȒ Ȑ ȘțȒȈȊȐȞț
— ǪȣȉȍȘȐȚȍ ȗȖ ȘțȒȍ ȥșȗȈȌȘȖȕ! — șȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ
— Ǩ Țȣ ǩțȎȍȘȖ, Ȋ ȒȘțȋ!
ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȜȍȝȚȖȊȈȚȤ ș ǩțȎȍȘȖ ǿȈșȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȘȐ Ȗȕ
Ƞȍȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ș ȕȖȦȡȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȣȔȐ șȐȕȧȒȈȔȐ
ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȈȝ Ȑ ȕȖȋȈȝ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȖȉȍȌȈ țȘȖȒ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȌȓȐȓșȧ ȌȖ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȑ ȕȖȟȐ
ǻ ȌȖȉȘȖȌțȠȕȖȋȖ ǷȈȚȐȕȖ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ ȗȖțȎȐȕȈȓ Ȑ, ȒȖȋȌȈ țȝȖ-
ȌȐȓ ȚȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǵț ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȖȉțȟȍȕȐȧ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ț ȊȈș
ȠȈȕșȖȊ ȔȈȓȖ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȗȖȉȤȍȚȍ ȕȍȔȞȈ ȟȍȘȚ
ȊȖȏȤȔȐ ȧ ȉțȌț șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȝȖȝȖȚȈȚȤ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ǵȍȚ ȓțȟȠȍ ȧ
ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȕț ȉȣȚȤ ȈȚȍȐșȚȖȔ Ȑ ȉțȌț șȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȊȈȠț ȗȖȉȍȌț ȒȈȘȖȑ
ǷȘȖȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ ȏȈ ǹȍȌȈȕ
ǹ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘȈ Haussman’a, ȋȌȍ ȎȐȓ ǷȈȚȐȕȖ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȦ dzȤȊȖ-
ȊȐȟț ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȐȌȚȐ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȍ du ǪȈș ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȑȏ ȚȖ-
ȋȖ Ȏȍ ȌȖȔȈ șȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ șțȉȢȍȒȚ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ
ȖȉȋȖȕȧȧ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊȈ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȝȘȐȗȓȣȔ ȕȖ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȣȔ ȋȖȓȖ-
șȖȔ:
— ǻȓȐȞȈ ǪȖȎȐȘȈȘ 
— ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ Dz ȒȖȔț Ȋȣ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȍȚȍșȤ?! — șȗȘȖșȐȓ șȚț-
ȌȍȕȚ
ǵȖ ȚȖȚ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ Ȗȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
ǬȖȔȈ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȏȈȗȐșȒț ȖȚ ǪȍȘȣ ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊȕȣ
©ǷȘȐȝȖȌȐȚȍ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȗȖșȓȍ țȘȖȒȈ ț ǷȈȚȐȕȖ — ȗȐșȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ.
— ȇ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȖȦșȤ ȏȈ ȊȈș Ȑ ȝȖȟț ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȐȚȤ ȊȈș ȗȍȘȍȌ Ȍțȥ-
ȓȤȦª
ǷȐșȤȔȖ ȥȚȖ ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȓȖ Ȑ ȚȘȖȕțȓȖ ȍȋȖ
Ƕȕ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȏȈȑȚȐ Ȓ ǪȍȘȍ ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊȕȍ
ǹȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ Ȋ țȗȘȈȎȕȍȕȐȧȝ Ȑ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ ȕȍ
țȝȖȌȐȓ ȖȚ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ
DzȖȋȌȈ țȎȍ șȚȍȔȕȍȓȖ ǷȈȚȐȕȖ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ șȚțȌȍȕȚț ȝȓȖȗ-
ȕțȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȗȓȍȟț Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȐșȓȖ țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ:

156
— ǴȖȑ ȌȘțȋ Ȕȣ șȌȍȓȈȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȖȚ ȕȈș ȏȈȊȐșȍȓȖ ȖȌ-
ȕȈȘȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȕȈȝȖȎț, ȟȚȖȉȣ ț ȊȈș ȉȣȓȐ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȣȍ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖș-
ȚȐ Ȓ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȔ țȗȘȈȎȕȍȕȐȧȔ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ Ȉ Ȓ ȜȍȝȚȖȊȈȕȐȦ Ȋ
ȟȈșȚȕȖșȚȐ Ǫȣ, ȏȈȚȖ, ȖȉȓȈȌȈȍȚȍ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȣȔ ȌȖșȚȖȐȕ-
șȚȊȖȔ Ȋȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȐȓȤȕȣ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȊȖȚ ȊȈȔ ȔȖȑ șȖȊȍȚ DzȈȒ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȒȘȍșȚȐȚȍ șȈȉȓȐ ȌțȑȚȍ ǩȐȓȤȌȍȘȈ ș ȗȓȍȟȈ ȒȖȓȖȚȐȚȍ
ȍȋȖ ȘțȉȐȚȍ ȔȈȠȐȚȍ șȈȉȓȍȑ ȒȈȒ ȌțȉȐȕȖȑ — ȕȐȟȍȋȖ! ǷțșȚȤ
ȏȈȡȐȡȈȍȚșȧ Ȉ Ȋȣ ȉȍȑȚȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȑȚȍ ȍȔț ȖȗȖȔȕȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȑȚȐ Ȋ ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȍ Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȔȖȑ ȌȘțȋ ȌȖ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ Ǫ  ȟȈșȖȊ
țȚȘȈ Ȕȣ ȏȈȍȌȍȔ ȏȈ ȊȈȔȐ
ǪȣȑȌȧ ȖȚ ǷȈȚȐȕȖ ș ȕȍȊȍșȍȓȣȔȐ ȔȣșȓȧȔȐ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ ȗȖȉ-
Șȍȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȍȔ ǪȍȘȣ ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊȕȣ ȍȔț
ȕțȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȍȘȍȖȌȍȚȤșȧ
— ǻȓȐȞȈ ǪȖȎȐȘȈȘ, 13... — țșȓȣȠȈȓ Ȗȕ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș
— ǹȓțȠȈȑȚȍ șțȌȈȘȤ! — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ. — Ǵȕȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȈ-
ȌȖȍȓȖ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ! DzȖȔț Ȋȣ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚȍ ȥȚȖȚ ȈȌȘȍș Ȑ ȒȚȖ ȚȈȔ
ȎȐȊȍȚ"
— ǻȓȐȞȈ ǪȖȎȐȘȈȘ  — ȚȍȔ Ȏȍ ȋȘțȉȣȔ Ȑ ȕȍȊȖȏȔțȚȐ-
ȔȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș șțȉȢȍȒȚ Ȑ ȦȘȒȕțȓ Ȋ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȗȐȊ-
ȕțȦǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ ȗȖșȚȖȧȓ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȘȈȏț ȘȍȠȐȓ ȐȌȚȐ
Ƕȕ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȟȈșȣ ǩȣȓ ȌȍșȧȚȣȑ ȟȈș ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ dzȤȊȖȊȐȟ
ȏȈȚȖȘȖȗȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȏȊȈȊ ȜȐȈȒȘ ȗȖȍȝȈȓ
V
ǺȘȐȕȈȌȞȈȚȣȑ ȕȖȔȍȘ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȍ ǪȖȎȐȘȈȘ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȘȧȌȖȔ
ș ȒȈȚȖȓȐȟȍșȒȐȔ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȖȔ ǶȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ ȌȖȔ
șȚȈȘȖȑ ȈȘȝȐȚȍȒȚțȘȣ ȉȣȓ ȊȍșȤ Ȋ ȕȈȌșȚȘȖȑȒȈȝ ǻȏȒȐȑ ȗȘȖȝȖȌ
Ȋȍȓ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȓȐșȤ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȣ ǬȊȖȘ ȉȣȓ șȓȈȉȖ
ȖșȊȍȡȍȕ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȗȈȌȈȦȡȐȔ ȐȊ ȖȒȖȕ ȕȐȎȕȍȋȖ ȥȚȈȎȈ Ȑ ǹȚȈȘ-
ȞȍȊ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȒțȌȈ ȍȔț ȐȌȚȐ ǻ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȊȍȌțȡȍȑ ȕȈ ȓȍ-
șȚȕȐȞț Ȗȕ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȉȍȓțȦ ȌȖȡȍȟȒț Ȑ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȕȈȌȗȐșȤ Ƕȕ
ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȑ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȓ
— Maître des armes!..
— ǻȟȐȚȍȓȤ ȜȍȝȚȖȊȈȕȐȧ.

157
ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ ȌȈȎȍ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ — ȚȈȒȐȔ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȥȚȖ
șȓțȟȈȑȕȖȍ șȖȊȗȈȌȍȕȐȍ ǬȈ Ȋ ȉȣȓȖ ȓȐ ȖȕȖ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȔ"
ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ dzȤȊȖȊȐȟ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȚȈȒ
ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȝȓȖȗȕțȓȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȊȣȠ-
ȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒț Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȊ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊȈ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
— ǷȖȎȈȓțȑȚȍ șȦȌȈ ǪȈș ȎȌțȚ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȗȈȓ Ȋ șȗȓȖȠȕțȦ ȚȍȔȕȖȚț Ƕȕ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȠȈȘȒȈȓ ȕȖ-
ȋȈȔȐ ȕȈȡțȗȣȊȈȧ ȗȖȓ Ȑ ȉȖȧșȤ ȖșȚțȗȐȚȤșȧ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȋ
ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȈ ȕȍ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓ șȊȍȚ
ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ șȚțȌȍȕȚ Ȑȏ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȣ ȗȖȗȈȓ Ȋ
ȧȘȒȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕțȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ǹȊȖȌȟȈȚȈȧ ș ȕȐȏȒȐȔ ȕȈȊȐșȠȐȔ
ȗȖȚȖȓȒȖȔ Ȑ țȏȒȐȔȐ țȠȍȌȠȐȔȐ Ȋ ȚȖȓșȚȣȍ șȚȍȕȣ ȖȒȕȈȔȐ
ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ țȊȍȠȈȕȈ ȖȘțȎȐȍȔ
DzȘȐȊȣȍ ȚțȘȍȞȒȐȍ șȈȉȓȐ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȍ ȔȍȟȐ ȗȈȓȈȠȐ ȠȗȈ-
ȋȐ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȖȉȘȈȏȞȖȊ ȘȈȗȐȘȣ Ȑ ȥșȗȈȌȘȖȕȣ ȉȍȘȌȣȠȐ ȒȖ-
ȗȤȧ șȍȒȐȘȣ Ȑ ȈȓȍȉȈȘȌȣ ȌȈȎȍ țȚȣȒȈȕȕȣȍ ȠȐȗȈȔȐ ȗȈȓȐȞȣ
ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȐ Ȋșȍ șȚȍȕȣ Ȑ șȚȖȧȓȐ Ȋ țȋȓȈȝ
ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȒȈȒ ȖȚȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȊȣȠȍȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȋȐȋȈȕȚ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ șȖȊșȍȔ șȍȌȖȑ Ȑ ȍȋȖ
ȉȍȓȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȎȈȕțȦ ȒțȘȚȒț ȗȘȖȚ-
ȒȈȕȕțȦ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ șȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȒȖȑ DzȖȎȈȕȣȍ ȗȈȕȚȈȓȖ-
ȕȣ Ȑ ȊȣșȖȒȐȍ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ șȈȗȖȋȐ ȌȖȗȖȓȕȧȓȐ ȒȖșȚȦȔ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ,
ȕȍ șȗțșȒȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȋȖȘȧȡȍȋȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈ ș ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȧ
— ǶȚȓȐȟȕȖ! — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȇ ȏȕȈȦ Ȋșȍ ǬȈȑȚȍ ȘțȒț!
Ǫ ȋȖȓȖșȍ ȍȋȖ ȏȊțȟȈȓȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȖȊȐȕțȧșȤ ȍȔț șȚț-
ȌȍȕȚ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȘțȒț ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȕȈȋȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȐȏțȟȈȚȤ ȓȐȕȐȐ șȒȓȈȌȖȒ ȕȈ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȧ dzȤȊȖȊȐȟȈ
— ǶȚȓȐȟȕȖ — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ — ǬȖȓȋȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǻ ȊȈș ȏȈȊ-
ȚȘȈ ȌțȥȓȤ ș ǩȐȓȤȌȍȘȖȔ?
ǵȍ ȌȖȎȐȌȈȧșȤ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ
— ȇ ȝȖȟț ȕȈțȟȐȚȤ ȊȈș ȌȊțȔ țȌȈȘȈȔ ǶȕȐ țȓȖȎȈȚ ǪȐȓȓȐ
ǩȐȓȤȌȍȘȈ ȖȕȐ țȓȖȎȈȚ ȍȋȖ
Ƕȕ șȕȧȓ șȖ șȚȍȕȣ ȌȊȈ ȗȘȧȔȣȝ ȗȈȓȈȠȈ Ȑ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȕȈ Ȑȝ
ȓȍȏȊȐȧ ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊț
— ȅȚȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȍ ȉȖȍȊȣȍ șȈȉȓȐ Ǫȣ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ? ȇ ȝȖȟț ȌȖ-
ȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ — ȔȈșȚȍȘ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ Ȑ ȔȖȋț ȉȣȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȗȖȓȍȏ-
ȕȣȔ ǸțȉȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ țȌȈȘȐȓ ǺȖȚ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ țȌȈȘ Ȑ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ

158
— ǹȐȓȤȕȍȍ
ǻȌȈȘȣ șȣȗȈȓȐșȤ ȟȈȡȍ Ȑ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȍȍ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȊȐȌȧ ȟȚȖ
șȚȈȘȐȒ ș ȕȍȗȖșȚȐȎȐȔȖȑ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ȗȈȘȐȘțȍȚ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ țȌȈȘ,
ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ dzȤȊȖȊȐȟ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȕțȓșȧ Ȑ țȌȈȘȐȓ șȖ Ȋșȍȑ șȐȓȣ
dzȐȠȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȋȖ ȒȓȐȕȖȒ ȒȖșȕțȓșȧ ȗȈȓȈȠȈ țȟȐȚȍȓȧ ȖȘțȎȐȍ
ȌȘȖȋȕțȓȖ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊȈ ȒȐșȚȤ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȋ-
ȓȈ șȓȖȔȈȚȤșȧ Ȉ șȈȉȓȧ șȖ ȏȊȖȕȖȔ Ȑ ȌȘȍȉȍȏȎȈȕȐȍȔ ȖȚȓȍȚȍȓȈ
Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț
— ȅȚȖ ȖȌȐȕ țȌȈȘ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ șȚȈȘȐȒ — Ǩ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ țȎȍ șȔȍȘ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ șȚțȌȍȕȚț ȥȚȖȚ țȌȈȘ ȉȣșȚȘȣȑ Ȑ ȕȍțȓȖȊȐȔȣȑ
ȒȈȒ ȔȖȓȕȐȧ Ȑ ȉȍșȠțȔȕȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȣȎȖȒ ȝȐȡȕȖȋȖ ȏȊȍȘȧ Ƕȕ
ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȖȒȖȓȖ șȖȕȕȖȑ ȈȘȚȍȘȐȐ Ȑ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȖȚ-
ȘȈȏȐȔ
ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ dzȤȊȖȊȐȟ ȚȈȒ țȊȓȍȒșȧ țȗȘȈȎȕȍȕȐȍȔ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȌȊțȝ
țȌȈȘȈȝ ȟȚȖ, ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȖȉȐȓȖ ȗȖȓȕȖȟȤ Ȗȕ șȗȖȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ
Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȗȘȖȡȈȚȤșȧ
— ǿȍȔ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȖȚȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȚȤ ȊȈș? — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ
— Ǵȕȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȗȖȉȍȌȣ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
ȚȖȚ. — ǰȓȐ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȏȈȑȌȐȚȍ șȦȌȈ ȌȖ șțȉȉȖȚȣ Ȑ
șȗȘȖșȐȚȍ ǴȈȘȐȍȚȚț ǫȘȍȒȖ ǶȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȈșȚ ȊȈȔ ȗȐșȤȔȖ Ȉ Ȋȣ
ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȚȍ ȔȖȦ ȗȘȖșȤȉț ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȧ ȐȏȓȖȎț Ȋ ȕȍȔ ǩțȌȤȚȍ
ȏȈȊȚȘȈ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣ Ȑ ȕȍ ȚȖȘȖȗȐȚȍșȤ ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ țșȚȖȐȚ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȥȚȐ-
ȔȐ țȌȈȘȈȔȐ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓ șȚțȌȍȕȚȈ ȌȖ ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȑ ȊȣȊȍȓ ȕȈ ȓȍșȚȕȐ-
Ȟț ǵȍ ȗȍȘȍȖȌȍȊȈȧșȤ Ȗȕ ȗȖȍȝȈȓ Ȓ ǪȍȘȍ ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊȕȍ ǶȕȈ ȎȌȈ-
ȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȓȈșȤ.
— ȇ ȊȈș ȖȟȍȕȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȖȠț — ȖȚȒȈȎȐȚȍșȤ ȖȚ ȌțȥȓȐ
ǫȖȊȖȘȧ ȥȚȖ ȖȕȈ șȓȖȎȐȓȈ ȘțȒȐ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ
ȕȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȗȖȓȕȣȔȐ șȓȍȏ
— ǺȍȗȍȘȤ țȎȍ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ, Ȋȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ — ȋȘțșȚȕȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȓȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ
ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ Ȋșȗȣȝȕțȓ Ȑ ȊȏȧȊ ȍȍ ȘțȒț ȌȖȓȋȖ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ,
Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǵȍ ȉȖȑȚȍșȤ ȏȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ǵȕȍ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ țȋȘȖȎȈȍȚ
ǪȍȘȈ ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊȕȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓȈ ǶȕȐ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȓ ȊȖȗȘȖșț Ȗ ȗȖȍȌȐȕȒȍ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕ-

159
ȕȐȝ ȊȍȡȈȝ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ
ǯȈȚȍȔ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ șȚȈȓ ȗȘȖȡȈȚȤșȧ
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȤ ș ȊȈȔȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ Ȑ ȚȘȐȎȌȣ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȒȘȍșȚȐȓȈ șȚțȌȍȕȚȈ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȧ șȊȖȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ Ȓ ȍȋȖ
ȓȉț Ȑ ȋȘțȌȐ — ǫȖșȗȖȌȤ ș ȊȈȔȐ!..
ǹȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȍȗȓȈ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȐ ȏȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖșȍ
ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȟȚȖ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ ȕȍ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȧ șȍȉȍ ȖȚȟȍȚȈ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒ ȍȍ Ȓ
șȍȉȍ Ȑ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȋțȉȣ Ȑ ȋțșȚȣȍ ȌțȠȐșȚȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ
ǻȎȍ ȈȓȍȓȖ ȕȍȉȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȘȈșșȚȈȓȐșȤ ǪȍȘȈ ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊ-
ȕȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ ț ȖȒȕȈ Ȑ ȒȘȍșȚȐȓȈ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊȈ ȗȖȒȈ Ȗȕ ȔȈȝȕțȊ ȍȑ
ȠȓȧȗȖȑ ȕȍ șȊȍȘȕțȓ Ȋ ȉȖȒȖȊțȦ țȓȐȞț
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȊșȚȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȑ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ ȊșȗȣȝȕțȊȠȍȍ
ȕȍȉȖ Ȑ ȔȟȈȡȐȍșȧ ȗȖ ȕȍȔț ȖȉȓȈȒȈ ȋȖȘȧȟȖ ȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȏȈ-
ȉȣȚȣȍ ȗȘȖșȚȣȍ Ȑ ȚȘȖȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ
VI
ǭȌȊȈ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ țșȗȍȓ ȊȣȔȣȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȖȌȍȚȤșȧ ȧȊȐȓșȧ Ǹț-
ȓȐȞȒȐȑ.
Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȍȕ Ȑ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȔȖȟȈȓȐȊ
— Ǵȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȉȣȚȤ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȔ
ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ șȓȈȊȧȕȐȕȈ ȕȍȔȞȍȔ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ țȎȍ
ȔȟȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȔȖȚȖȘȍ Ȓ ȔȍșȚț ȌțȥȓȐ
ǷȈȚȐȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȉȘȖȊȐ
— ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȉȤȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ǩȐȓȤȌȍȘ, — ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș
ȊȍșȍȓȣȔ Ȑ ȏȈȌȖȘȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ. — ǯȕȈȍȚȍ, ȧ ȕȈȔȍ-
Șȍȕ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚȤ!
ǹȍȒțȕȌȈȕȚȣ ȗȍȘȍȋȓȧȕțȓȐșȤ Ȉ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǷȈȚȐȕȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ
— ǷȍȘȍȌ ȌțȥȓȤȦ șȖ șȚȘȈȝȈ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ǯȈȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȦȚșȧ
ȓȦȌȐ
ǪșȦ ȌȖȘȖȋț ȖȕȐ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ
ǵȈ ȗȖȓȧȕȒȍ Ȑȝ țȎȍ ȎȌȈȓȐ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȐ Ȑ ȊȘȈȟ
ǩȐȓȤȌȍȘ Ȋ șȍȘȖȔ șȗȖȘȚșȔȍȕșȒȖȔ ȒȖșȚȦȔȍ Ȑ ȉȍȓȖȑ Ƞȓȧ-
ȗȍ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȝȖȝȖȚȈȓ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȍȓȣȊȈȓ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȈȒȘȖȉȈȚȐȟȕȣȍ ȠȚț-
ȒȐ ǬȊȖȍ ȚȈȒȐȝ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȒȘȈșȕȖȡȍȒȐȝ Ȑ ȚȖȓșȚȖȠȍȐȝ șȚț-

160
ȌȍȕȚȖȊ ȉȣȓȐ ȍȋȖ șȍȒțȕȌȈȕȚȈȔȐ ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȚȡȍȌțȠȕȣȑ ȌȖȒ-
ȚȖȘ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȘȈșȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓ șȊȖȑ caȒȊȖȧȎ ȌȖșȚȈȊȈȧ Ȑȏ ȕȍȋȖ
ȉȐȕȚȣ ȊȈȚț Ȑ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ șȒȓȧȕȒȐ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȐȑ ǷȈȚȐȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ:
— ǭȡȍ ȘȈȕȖ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ Ȕȣ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȕȈȟȈȚȤ"
ǷȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȐ șȉȘȖșȐȓȐ ȒțȘȚȒȐ Ȑ ȘțȉȈȠȒȐ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȗȉ-
ȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȌȖ ȗȖȧșȈ
ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ ȉȣȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ șȗȖȒȖȍȕ ȟȍȔ ȊȣȏȊȈȓ ȕȍȗȖȌȌȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȍ Ȓ șȍȉȍ țȊȈȎȍȕȐȍ ǷȈȚȐȕȖ
— Ƕȕ ȐȓȐ șȖȊșȍȔ ȌțȘȈȒ ȐȓȐ ȝȘȈȉȘ, ȒȈȒ ȓȍȊ — ȠȍȗȚȈȓ Ȗȕ
ǸțȓȐȞȒȖȔț ȊȣȚȧȋȐȊȈȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȘțȒț ș ȥșȗȈȌȘȖȕȖȔ.
— ǵȈȟȐȕȈȚȤ — șȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȖȚșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȋ
șȚȖȘȖȕț
ǹ șțȝȐȔ ȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȓȧȏȋȖȔ țȌȈȘȐȓȐșȤ ȒȓȐȕȒȐ ǩȐȓȤ-
ȌȍȘ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȓ. ǻȌȈȘȣ ȌȍȓȈȓȐșȤ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ Ȑ ȒȖȘȖȟȍ ǷȈȚȐȕȖ
ȌȈȎȍ ȏȈȎȔțȘȐȓșȧ ȉȖȧșȤ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȍ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊȈ. Ǫ ȌțȠȍ
ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȘțȋȈȓ șȚțȌȍȕȚȈ
— ǪȍȌȤ șȒȈȏȈȕȖ ȍȔț ȕȈȗȈȌȈȑ șȈȔ ȔȈȠȐ șȈȉȓȍȑ ȕȖ ȕȈ-
ȗȈȌȈȑ Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ǰ ǷȈȚȐȕȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȊ ȋȓȈȏȈ țȊȐȌȍȓ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȖȚȉȐ-
ȊȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊȈ Ƕȕ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓ țȌȈȘ ȏȈ țȌȈ-
ȘȖȔ ǸȈȏ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȕȍȞ șȈȉȓȐ ȕȍȔȞȈ ȒȖșȕțȓșȧ ȋȖȚȖȊȣ ǹȚȈȘ-
ȞȍȊȈ Ȑ ȚȖȕȒȈȧ șȚȘțȑȒȈ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȏȈ țȝȖȔ Ȑ
ȕȈȟȈȓȈ șȚȍȒȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȖ ȒȘțȗȕȣȔȐ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔȐ ȒȈȗȓȧȔȐ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȍ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ ȚȖȓ-
ȒȖȊȈȓ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȊȍșȤ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ ǷȈȘȐȎ
ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐșȍȓ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ șȈȉȓȧ ǩȐȓȤ-
ȌȍȘȈ ȖȗȐșȈȓȈ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȏȐȋȏȈȋ. ǪȐȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȚȖ
ȍȡȍ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȖȘțȎȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȊȣȉȐȚȖ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ ȕȍȔȞȈ ǹȚȈȘ-
ȞȍȊ ȚȍȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓ țȌȈȘȣ Ƕȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȓ Ȋ ȕȈ-
șȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȖ ȌȓȐȓȖșȤ ȖȕȖ ȊșȍȋȖ ȖȌȕȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ
ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȥȚȐȔ ȒȓȐȕȖȒ ȍȋȖ șȈȉȓȐ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȋȓȈȏ ǩȐȓȤ-
ȌȍȘȈ Ȑ ȕȍȔȍȞ ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȘȐȒȕțȊ țȗȈȓ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȊȕȐȏ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ ȚȖ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ƞȍȧ ȍȋȖ ț ȗȘȈȊȖȑ
ȒȓȦȟȐȞȣ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȘȈȏȘțȉȓȍȕȈ Ȉ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȐȚȧȕțȚȈ Ȓ
ȓȍȊȖȔț ȗȓȍȟț
ǽȐȘțȘȋ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȒȖȗȈȓșȧ ș ȗȍȘȍȊȧȏȒȖȑ Ȑ ș ȗȘȐȊȍȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȘȈ-
ȕȍȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ

— ȇ ȕȍ ȖȠȐȉțșȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȊȘȈȟ, — ȍșȓȐ șȒȈȎț ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ
ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȗȘȖȝȊȖȘȈȍȚ ȌȖȓȋȖ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ ȒȈȓȍȒȖȑ ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȘȈș-
șȍȟȍȕȣ Ȋșȍ Ƞȍȑȕȣȍ ȔȣȠȞȣ
VII
Ƕ șȊȖȍȔ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ țȟȐȚȍȓȍ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȒȘȖȔȍ
ǪȍȘȣ ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊȕȣ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ țȚȘȖ — ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȍȦ
— Ȗȕ ȗȖȍȝȈȓ ȕȈ țȓȐȞț ǪȖȎȐȘȈȘ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍ-
ȚȐȊ ȌȖȡȍȟȒȐ țȟȐȚȍȓȧ ȜȍȝȚȖȊȈȕȐȧ
Ƕȕ ȘȈȏȣșȒȈȓ ǴȈȘȐȍȚȚț ǫȘȍȕȖ ȖȒȈȏȈȊȠțȦșȧ șȚȈȘțȝȖȑ-
ȗȘȈȟȒȖȑ ȎȐȊȠȍȑ Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȈȓȍ
— ȅȚȖ ȊȈȔ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ǹȈȕȤȍȘ? ǪȖȚ
ȖȕȖ ȚȈȔ, ȕȈ ȖȒȕȍ — ȊȖȏȤȔȐȚȍ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȖ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȊȈȧ
ȚȍȘȍȚȤ ȡȍȚȒȖȑ ȔȖȒȕțȊȠȍȍ Ȋ ȟȈȕȍ ȉȍȓȤȍ — ǹȈȕȤȍȘ țȍȝȈȓ șȍ-
ȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȈ ȏȈȘȍ ǰ ȊȍȡȐ țȊȍȏ ǬȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȖȘț-
ȎȐȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǩțȌȤȚȍ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣ șțȌȈȘȣȕȧ Ȑ șțȌȈȘȤ
ǵȈ țȓȐȞȍ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȖȟȓȐ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȐșȈȓ
©Ǫȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȖȉȘȣ, ȖȉȍȡȈȊ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ ȔȖȦ ȗȘȖșȤȉț ǵȈ ȒȓȈȌ-
ȉȐȡȍ ǴȖȕȗȈȘȕȈș Ȋ Ȉȓȓȍȍ ȹ  ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȍȕȈ ȔȖȧ ȌȖȟȤ ǫȍȕ-
ȘȐȍȚȚȈ ǶȕȈ ȗȖȒȖȕȟȐȓȈ ș șȖȉȖȑ ǭȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ
ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȍȍ ȗȖȋțȉȐȓ ǩȐȓȤȌȍȘ ȇ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ șȓȍȌȐȓ ȏȖȘ-
ȒȖ ǶșȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȈȔ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ! ǷȘȖșȤȉȈ — șȕȍșȐȚȍ Ȋ șțȉȉȖȚț ȕȈ
ȔȖȋȐȓț ȔȖȍȑ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȑ ȔȈȓȦȚȒȐ ȉțȒȍȚ ȅȚȖ ȋȖȌȖȊȡȐȕȈ ȍȍ
șȔȍȘȚȐª
Ǫ șțȉȉȖȚț ǪȍȘȈ ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊȕȈ Ȑ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊ țȒȘȈȠȈȓȐ șȒȘȖȔ-
ȕȣȑ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȕȣȑ ȗȈȔȧȚȕȐȒ ǫȍȕȘȐȍȚȚȣ ǹȈȕȤȍȘ ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ȘȖ-
ȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍȎȕȣȔȐ ȌțȠȐșȚȣȔȐ ȔȐȔȖȏȈȔȐ
ǽȖȚȧ ȖȕȐ ȖȉȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȚȖȔ ț ȔȖȋȐ-
ȓȣ -ȑ ȈȓȓȍȐ ȋȌȍ ȝȖȘȖȕȧȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȈȔȖțȉȐȑȞ — ȋȘțșȚȤ ȕȍ
ȒȖșȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑȝ Ǫ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ șȚțȌȍȕȚȈ Ȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȧȘȒȖ ȋȖȘȍȓȈ ȓȦ-
ȉȖȊȤ Ȑ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȖșȚȘȈȧ ȔȖȋțȟȈȧ ȎȈȎȌȈ ȎȐȏȕȐ

ǯȁȆǶDzǼ
ǮȐȠȜȞȖȕ ȝȓȞ dz ȋ ȢȜț ǰȖȠȠȜȞȢ

163
ȇ ȎȐȓ țȎȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ Ȋ ȖȚȍȓȍ «Station» Ȑ ȐȏȕȣȊȈȓ
ȖȚ șȒțȒȐ ǰȦȓȤșȒȐȍ ȎȈȘȣ Ȋ ǺȖȒȐȖ ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȣ Ȑ ȖȉȡȍșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȔȐȘȈȍȚ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȧ șȗȈșȈȍȚșȧ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȞȈȘșȚȊȈ ȘȈșȒȈȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȔ-
ȕȧ Ȑ ȈșȜȈȓȤȚȈ Ȋ DzȈȔȈȒȐȘț ǰȖȒȈȋȈȔț ǵȐȒȒȖ ȐȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȌȈ-
ȓȤȠȍ Ȓ ȖȏȍȘȈȔ, ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ǼțȏȐ
ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȧ ȕȈȠȍȓ șȍȉȍ ȘȈȏȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȍ Ǫ Șȍ-
șȚȖȘȈȕȕȖȔ ȏȈȓȍ ȖȝȓȈȎȌȈȍȔȖȔ ȉȍȠȍȕȖ ȊȍȘȚȧȡȐȔȐșȧ ȊȍȕȚȐ-
ȓȧȚȖȘȈȔȐ Ȑ țȒȘȣȚȖȔ ȖȚ ȗȈȓȧȡȍȋȖ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȐȓȐ Ȋ ȚȐȝȖȔ ȉȈȘȍ
ȖȚȍȓȧ ȧ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ ȖȉȈȧȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȗȈȘț
ǶȕȈ — ȧȗȖȕșȒȈȧ ȔțșȔȥ ȥȓȍȋȈȕȚȕȖ ȖȌȍȚȈȧ ȐȏȧȡȕȈȧ Ȋ
ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȐ Ȑ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ șȖȟȍȚȈȕȐȍȔ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ
ȒȈȒ șȔȖȓȤ ȊȖȓȖș șȊȍȎȍȋȖ ȉȍȓȖșȕȍȎȕȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ ȒȖȎȐ Ȉȓȣȝ
ȋțȉ Ȑ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȝ ȒȈȘȐȝ ȋȓȈȏ
Ƕȕ — ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȋȐȉȒȐȑ ȗȖȘȖȌȐșȚȣȑ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȓȍȚ ȚȘȐȌ-
ȞȈȚȐ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȔ ȜȓȈȕȍȓȍȊȖȔ ȒȖșȚȦȔȍ ș ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȋȖȘȌȖ șȐȌȧ-
ȡȍȑ ȕȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȝ ȗȓȍȟȈȝ
ǶȕȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȗȖ-ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȑȝ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȟȈȓȐșȤ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȘțȔȧȕȍȞ ȏȈȓȐȊȈȓ Ȑȝ ȡȍȒȐ Ȑ ȚȍȗȓȖȍ șȐȧȕȐȍ
ȏȈȋȖȘȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȏȘȈȟȒȈȝ
ǪȖ Ȋșȍȑ Ȑȝ ȔȈȕȍȘȍ șȍȉȧ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ șȓȖȊȍ Ȑ ȌȊȐ-
ȎȍȕȐȐ șȒȊȖȏȐȓȈ ȊȏȈȐȔȕȈȧ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȑ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊțȦȡȈȧ ȊȓȦȉ-
ȓȍȕȕȖșȚȤ
ǹ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȘȈșȐ-
ȊȖȑ ȗȈȘȍ ǬȈȎȍ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȓȈȒȍȐ ȠȊȍȑȞȈȘ Ȑ șȓțȎȈȕȒȐ
ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȧșȤ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȒȘȐȊȖȊȈȚȣȝ ȕȖȎȒȈȝ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȐ Ȑȝ
ȗȘȐȊȍȚȓȐȊȖȑ Ȑ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ
ȇ ȟȈșȚȖ Ȑȝ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȑȏ ȚȍȈȚȘȈ
ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȈ Ȕțȏȍȧ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓ Ȑȝ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ șȐȌȍȓȐ Ȋ ȗȈȘȒȍ
ǽȐȉȐȈ ȐȓȐ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋ ǻȍȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȈȘȒ Ȋ ǺȖȒȐȖ șȖ șȚȈ-
Țțȍȑ ǩțȌȌȣ Ȑ ȔȖȋȐȓȈȔȐ ȘȣȞȈȘȍȑ
 ǶȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȋȍșȍ-
ȓȣ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣ Ȑ ȊȏȧȊȠȐșȤ ȘțȒȈ ȏȈ ȘțȒț ȊȍȓȐ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȍ
ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȣ.
ǪȐȌȍȚȤ Ȑȝ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ șȚȈȓȖ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȗȖȚȘȍȉ-
ȕȖșȚȤȦ ǭșȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ țȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȏȈȓȍ ȘȍșȚȖ-
ȘȈȕȈ ȧ Ƞȍȓ ȐșȒȈȚȤ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȗȈȘȒ ȐȓȐ ȕȈ ǫȐȕȏȈ ǶȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ Ȕȕȍ
ȕțȎȕȣ ȒȈȒ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȉȣȓȐ șȈȔȣȔ ȓțȟȠȐȔ ȓȍ-
ȒȈȘșȚȊȖȔ ȖȚ ȔȖȍȑ ȚȖșȒȐ

164
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȋșȍ ȐșȟȍȏȓȖ
ǸȈȏ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ ț șȊȖȍȋȖ șȚȖȓȐȒȈ ȉȍȏ
ȔțșȔȥ
ǫȓțȉȖȒȖ ȖȋȖȘȟȍȕȕȣȑ șȐȌȍȓ Ȗȕ ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ șȊȖȐ Ȍț-
Ȕȣ DzțȘȐȓ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșț ȏȈ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșȖȑ Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȏȈȒțȘȐȊ ȍȍ ȉȘȖșȈȓ
Ȋ ȗȍȗȍȓȤȕȐȞț ȇ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ șȓȍȌȧ ȏȈ Ȑȋ-
ȘȖȑ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ Ȑ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȓȕȣȔȐ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȌȊȐ-
ȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ
«ǿȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ș ȔțșȔȥ șȊȍȎȍȑ ȒȈȒ ȞȊȍȚ ȊȐȠȕȐ" — ȏȈ-
ȌȈȊȈȓ ȧ șȍȉȍ ȊȖȗȘȖș — ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ țȓȍȚțȟȐȓȐșȤ ȟȈȘȣ ȊȈȠȍȑ
ȓȦȉȊȐ"»
Ǫ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ ȖȒȐȕțȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣșȚȘȣȔ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
ȌȖȔ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȔȖȍȔț șȚȖȓȐȒț ǷȘȍȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȔșȧ
ȕȍȚȊȍȘȌȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ Ȗȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ:
— ǪșȍȋȌȈ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȊȈș ȏȌȍșȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ Ǵȣ ȗȖ-
ȟȚȐ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣ Ǵȍȕȧ ȏȖȊțȚ ȒȕȧȏȤ ǷȍȚȘ ǫȈȕȐȕ...
ȇ ȕȈȏȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ Ƕȕ șȍȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ȑ ș ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖȑ Ȑ
șȚȍșȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȕȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȑ ț ȘțșșȒȐȝ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȤȦ ȕȈȟȈȓ șȊȖȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ:
— ǩȖȓȤȠȍ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȧ ǰȖȒȖ ǪȐȚȖȕȐ Ȗ Ȑ ȖȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȓȦȉȐȓȈ ǭȍ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȐ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȕȈȠȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ǿȍȘȍȏ
ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈȠȈ șȊȈȌȤȉȈ ǬȊȈ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȧ ȉȣȓ
ȚȈȒ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ! ǰ
ȊȌȘțȋ ȒȈȒ ȋȘȖȔ ș ȧșȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȉȈ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ!
Ƕȕ țȔȖȓȒ Ȉ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖșȍ șȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ șȌȍȘȎȈȕȕȣȍ șȓȍȏȣ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
— ǪȟȍȘȈ Ȕȣ ȠȓȐ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȍ ǫȐȕȏȈ Ȑ ǰȖȒȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȦ
ȏȈȌȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȊȖȗȘȖș ©ǫȌȍ Țȣ ȉȣȓ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȖȑȕȣ ǸȖșșȐȐ ș
ȇȗȖȕȐȍȑ"ª ǶȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȕȈ ȊȖȑȕȍ ©ǹȘȈȎȈȓșȧ"ª — șȗȘȖ-
șȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ǬȈ ǹȘȈȎȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȏȈ ȗȖȚȖȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȋȖ ȔȐȕȖ-
ȕȖșȞȈ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȒȘȍșȚ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȧ ǷȖȉȍȌȖȕȖșȞȈ ȏȈ ȝȘȈȉȘȖșȚȤ
«ǪȖȚ ȒȈȒª — ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓȈ ȖȕȈ Ȑ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȊ ȗȘȐȎȈȓȈ ȘțȒȐ Ȓ
ȋȘțȌȐ ȇ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȍȍ țșȗȖȒȈȐȊȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȦ țȎ, ȟȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȈ Ȑ ȠȓȈ ȘȧȌȖȔ, ȉȓȍȌȕȈȧ ȗȖȚȘȧșȍȕȕȈȧ ǵȈ
Ȋșȍ ȔȖȐ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓȈ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ ǬȖȠȓȐ Ȕȣ ȌȖ
ȗȈȘȒȈ ǽȐȉȐȈ șȍȓȐ ȕȈ șȒȈȔȍȑȒț Ȑ ȚțȚ Ȋșȍ Ȋșȍ ȒȖȕȟȐȓȖșȤ
Ǫ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȐ Ȗȕ șȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȖȉȍȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȏȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ǷȖ-
ȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ, Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȋȘțșȚȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȗȘȖ-

ȌȖȓȎȈȓ
©ǷȘȖȡȈȑ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ǰȖȒȖ. — ǷȘȖȡȈȑ ȕȈȊșȍȋ-
ȌȈ!»ǷȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ Ȑ ȊșȚȈȓȈ
— ǵȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȏȍ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ ȝȊȈȚȈȧ ȍȍ ȏȈ ȘțȒț
ǫȘțșȚȕȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȒț Ȑ ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌ-
ȕȖ șȓȖȊȖ ©ǩțȠȐȌȖª
Ƕȕ țȔȖȓȒ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ Ȉ ȍȋȖ ȗȓȍȟȐ Ȑ ȋȘțȌȤ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐ-
ȊȈȓȐ ȖȚ ȘȣȌȈȕȐȑ ǪșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ țȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȏȈȓȈ ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ
ȌȍȕȤ Ȗȕ țȍȝȈȓ Ȑȏ ȖȚȍȓȧ ©ǹȚȥșȐȖȕª ȇ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȝȖȓȓȍ
ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ ȗȓȈȚȐȓ ȗȖ șȟȍȚț ȇȗȖȕșȒȐȑ ©ȊȖțª țȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȉȈ-
ȋȈȎ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȖȏȒț
ǫȈȔȐȕ țȊȐȌȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ șȚȐșȕțȓ ȔȖȦ ȘțȒț Ȑ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ
— ǵȍ șȗȈȓ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȊșȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȑ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȉȓȈ-
ȋȖȘȖȌșȚȊȖ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȇ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȍȕ Ȑ ȋȘț-
șȚȍȕ ȕȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȗȘȍȒȓȖȕȧȦșȤ ȗȘȍȌ ǰȖȒȖ.
ǻȠȍȓ Ȑ șȔȍȠȈȓșȧ ș ȚȖȓȗȖȑ
***
ǴȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȈ ȇȗȖȕȐȧ șȊȖȐȔ ©ȉțȠȐȌȖª ©ǩțȠȐȌȖ» —
ȥȚȖ ȗȈȚȘȐȖȚȐȏȔ Ȑ șȖȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȈȊ Ȑ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȖșȚȍȑ ȋȘȈȎ-
ȌȈȕȐȕȈ ȗȖ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȦ ȍȋȖ Ȓ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȕȈȘȖȌț ȖȉȡȍșȚȊț Ȑ șȍ-
ȔȤȍ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȝ ȖȚȟȐȏȕț
Ƕ ȉțȠȐȌȖ ȗȖȔȕȧȚ Ȑ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ Ȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ Ȑ ȠȈȓȖȊȓȐ-
Ȋȣȍ ȔțșȔȥ Ȑ ȌȍȚȐ ǸȈȌȐ ȉțȠȐȌȖ ȗȘȐȕȖșȧȚ Ȋ ȎȍȘȚȊț ȎȐȏȕȤ,
ȓȐȟȕȖȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ șȐȓȤȕȍȑȠȍȍ Ȑȏ Ȋșȍȝ
ȟțȊșȚȊ — ȓȦȉȖȊȤ
ǩȓȍȌȕȍȍȚ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȍȌ ȌȘțȋȖȦ ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ Ȑ
ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȒțȓȤȚȖȔ ȞȍȓȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ ȐșȒ-
ȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȚȘțȌȖȓȦȉȐȊȖȋȖ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȎȍȘȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ
ȖșȚȘȖȊȖȊ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȝ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȖ ǬȈȑ-ǵȐȗȗȖȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ,
ȒȈȒ ȕȐȚȒȈ ȎȍȔȟțȋȈ ȚȧȕțȚșȧ ȖȚ ȝȓȈȌȕȖȑ DzȈȔȟȈȚȒȐ ȋȌȍ ȒȖȕ-
ȟȈȦȚșȧ ȓȍȌȧȕȣȍ ȋȖȘȣ ȌȖ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȕȖȑ ǼȖȘȔȖȏȣ ȗȣȠȕȖ ȘȈș-
ȞȊȍȚȠȍȑ ȗȖȌ ȗȈȓȧȡȐȔ șȖȓȕȞȍȔ ȚȘȖȗȐȒȈ ǸȈȒȈ

ȃǮǾǮǸǶǾǶ
ǮȐȠȜȞȖȕ ȝȓȞ dz ȋ ȢȜț ǰȖȠȠȜȞȢ

167
I
©ǿȍșȚȤ — ȏȕȈȔȧ ȟȍșȚȤ — ȖȘțȎȐȍ ȟȍșȚȤ — ȞȍȓȤ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ȘȣȞȈȘȍȑ șȈȔțȘȈȍȊª ȐșȒȖȕȐ ȊȍȒȖȊ
©ǹȈȉȓȧ — ȌțȠȈ șȈȔțȘȈȧª
ǺȈȒ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȑ ȀȖȋțȕ ǭȧș Ȋ ©ǯȈȊȍ-
ȡȈȕȐȐ ǫȖȋȍȕȏȈȔȣª, Ȉ ȍȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȌȖȉȓȍ-
șȚȕȣȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǺȈȒȐ ǯȍȕȏȈȉțȘȖ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȌȐȕ
Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȏȈȓȍ, ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȔ ȖȚ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȜȈ ȝȘȈȔȈ ȚȧȎȍ-
ȓȣȔ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȣȔ ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȖȔ, ȘȈșȠȐȚȣȔ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ. Ƕȕ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ
ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȍșȤ ȏȈȓ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȓ șȊȖȌț Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȍ ȖȚȘȈȏȐȓȖșȤ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑșȚ-
ȊȐȍǷȖȓ ȉȣȓ țșȚȓȈȕ ȕȖȊȣȔȐ ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ©ȚȈȚȈȔȐª ȔȈȚȈȔȐ
 Ȑȏ
ȘȐșȖȊȖȑ șȖȓȖȔȣ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȈȝ ȔȍȎȌț ȖȒȕȈȔȐ ȊȐșȍȓȐ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ,
ȠȐȘȖȒȐȍ ȗȖȓȖȚȕȐȡȈ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȐ Ȑ ȉȍȓȣȍ Ȏȍ ȓȍȕȚȣ
ȗȖȟȚȐ șȖȊșȍȔ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȓȐ șȊȖȌ ȏȈȓȈ ǵȈ ȖȒȕȈȝ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȋȓȈȌȒȐȍ
ȞȊȍȚȖȟȕȣȍ ȋȖȘȠȒȐ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȓȈȒȖȔ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ
ȉțȒȍȚȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ȚȘȈțȘȕȣȝ ȊȍȚȖȒ ȒȐȗȈȘȐșȈ
ǬȊȈ ȗȘȖșȚȣȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȝ ȗȖȌșȊȍȟȕȐȒȈ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȗȖ țȋȓȈȔ
ȦȎȕȖȑ șȚȍȕȣ
ǺȈȒȐ ǯȍȕȏȈȉțȘȖ ȕȐȋȌȍ ȕȍ țȊȐȌȈȓ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȖșȚȍ-
ȓȐ țșȔȍȝȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ
— DzȖȕȕȐȟȐ ȧȘȖșȐ ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ
Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȠȍȓșȧ ȗȖ ȏȈȓț Ȑ ȝȓȖȗȕțȓ Ȋ ȓȈȌȖȠȐ ǯȈȕȈȊȍș șȍȑ-
ȟȈș ȘȈȏȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȐȐ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ Ȑ ș
ȊȍȎȓȐȊȣȔ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȖȔ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
— ǿȚȖ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȖȔț șȈȔțȘȈȦ" ǴȖȑ ȊȓȈșȚȍȓȐȕ -
ȒȕȧȏȤ ǽȐȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ȌȖșȚȖȑ-
ȕȖȋȖ țȏȕȐȒȈ
ǯȍȕȏȈȉțȘȖ ȒȐȊȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ șȒȈȓȈȝ
— ǷȘȐȕȍșȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ ȔȖȦ ©Țooª șȈȉȓȦ
 Ȑ țș-
ȚȈȊ ȝȈȘȈȒȐȘȐ
ǹȒȈȏȈȊ ȥȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȏȈȓȈ Ȉ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ ȗȖȒ-
ȓȖȕȐȊȠȐșȤ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȊȣȠȍȓ
ǺȈȒȐ ǯȍȕȏȈȉțȘȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ
ȏȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȌȕȐ Ƕȕ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȐȓ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ Ȋșȍ ș ȊȍȓȐ-

168
ȟȈȑȠȍȑ ȚȖȟȕȖșȚȤȦ
— ǴȐȒȈȌȖ ȊȖȍȊȈȓ ș ȀȖȋțȕȖȔ — ȕȍ ȕȈȠȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȕȈȔ Șȣ-
ȞȈȘȧȔ, ȔȍȠȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȌȍȓȈ ǴȔ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȈȏȈȕȐȧȔ ǵȈȠ ȊȖȎȌȤ ȀȖȋțȕ Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȗȈșȚȤ ȕȈ
ȚȍȘȘȐȚȖȘȐȦ ȟțȎȍȏȍȔȞȍȊ Ȋ DzȖȉȥ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȒȈȒ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȦȚ ȓȦȌȐ ȟțȎȍȏȍȔȞȣ ȗȖȌȉȐȓȐ ǴȐȒȈȌȖ ȕȈ ȊȖȑȕț ș ȀȖȋț-
ȕȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȐȔȍȚȤ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȉȍȏȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȤ Ȋ
ǬȈȑ-ǵȐȗȗȖȕ Ƕȕ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȓ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȊȖȎȌȧ ȕȖ ȌȈȑȔȐȖȚ
ǽȐȖȋȖ ȏȈȡȐȚȕȐȒ ǴȐȒȈȌȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ șȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ ǯȍȕȏȈȉțȘȖ Ȑ
ȗȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȍȦ șțȌț ȌȈȑȔȐȖȚȖȊ ǭȋȖ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȓ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǺȖ-
ȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȈȓ ȗȘȖȠȍȕȐȍ șțȌȤȧȔ Ȗ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȐȐ ȍȔț ȓȐȠȐȚȤ
șȍȉȧ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȗȖ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȔț ȘȣȞȈȘșȒȖȔț ȖȉȣȟȈȦ ȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȖȔ
ȝȈȘȈȒȐȘȐ ǴȐȒȈȌȖ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȓ șȖȋȓȈșȐȍ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ǯȍȕ-
ȏȈȉțȘȖ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȍȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȍȕ Ȋ ȝȘȈȔ ǰȒțȚȈ
ǰȏ ȖșȔȖȚȘȈ ȏȈȓȈ Ȗȕ ȊȣȊȍȓ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȕȐȍ
ȍȋȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȌȓȐȚșȧ ȌȖ ȊȖșȝȖȌȈ șȖȓȕȞȈ ǬȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȖșȚȈ-
ȊȈȓȖșȤ ȍȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȖȊ
DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ șȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȌțȠȒț ȗȍȘȍȌ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔ șȚȖȓȐȒȖȔ ș
ȗȈȟȒȖȑ ȚȖȕȒȖȑ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșȕȖȑ ȉțȔȈȋȐ Ȑ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȐȕȈȌ-
ȓȍȎȕȖșȚȧȔȐ ǪȏȧȊ ȒȐșȚȖȟȒț Ȗȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ȗȐșȤȔȖ Ȑ
ȖȗȧȚȤ ȝȓȖȗȕțȓ Ȋ ȓȈȌȖȠȐ ǪȖȠȍȓ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ
ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒ Ȑ țȏȕȈȊ ȟȚȖ țȏȕȐȒ ȗȘȖșȐȚ
ȖȚȖșȓȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȐșȤȔȖ Ȋȏȧȓ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚ Ȑ țȠȍȓ
ǶȉȓȖȒȖȚȧșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȖȒȖȕȕȐȒ ǯȍȕȏȈȉțȘȖ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ.
Ƕȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȉȐȘȦȏȖȊȖȍ ȧșȕȖȍ ȕȍȉȖ ȉȍȏ ȍȌȐȕȖȑ ȚțȟȒȐ Ȉ ȚȈȔ Ȋ
ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȐȐ, ȕȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȍ, ȒȈȒ ȊȣȋȕțȚȣȑ ȝȘȍȉȍȚ țȎȈ, Țȧȕț-
ȓȈșȤ ȞȍȗȤ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȝ ȓȍșȖȔ ȝȖȓȔȖȊ ǵȈȌ ȕȐȔȐ ȊȖȏȕȖșȐȓȈșȤ
ȊȍȘȠȐȕȈ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ ȋȖȘȣ
— ȅȚȖ ǴȈȧ-ǹȈȕ! — ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǰ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓȖșȤ ȍȔț,
ȒȈȒ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ Ȗȕ ȐȏȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȥȚț ȊȍȘȠȐȕț ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș
DzȐȕșțȒȥ ǰȏȖȕȖ Ȑ ȍȋȖ șȍșȚȘȖȑ Ƕȕ, ȒȈȒ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȞȊȍȚ-
ȕȖȍ ȒȐȔȖȕȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȒȖȒȍȚȓȐȊȖȑ ȔțșȔȥ ȍȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ
ȕȖȎȒȐ Ȑ ȋȖȘȧȡȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȒȐ, șȔȖȚȘȍȊȠȐȍ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ǶȕȐ ȖȚȌȣ-
ȝȈȓȐ Ȋ ȝȘȈȔȍ ȓțȕȣ ȋȌȍ șȚȖȧȓȐ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȍ șȚȈȚțȐ ȉȖȋȖȊ Ȑ
ȚȐȝȖ ȉȍșȠțȔȕȖ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȐșȤ ȜȐȋțȘȣ șȚȍȗȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȝ
ȔȖȕȈȝȖȊ
ǺȈȔ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȝȘȈȔȖȔ șȐȌȧ ȗȖȌ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧȔȐ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ȗȘȖȉȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȓțȟȐ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȖȕȐ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȍȍ Ȋ

169
ȍȋȖ șȐȧȕȐȐ ȔȖȘȍ ǺȖȋȌȈ ț ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȊȣȘȊȈȓȐșȤ șȓȖȊȈ ȓȦȉȊȐ
Ȑ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȐȑ Ȉ ȔțșȔȥ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȚȐȝȐȔ ȊȏȌȖȝȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȈ
ȋȖȓȖȊȒț ȍȔț ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȖ
«Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ǯȍȕȏȈȉțȘȖ — ȕȍ
șȚȖȐȚ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȚȤ»
ǶȗȧȚȤ Ȗȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȏȈȓ Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ȏȈȕȈ-
ȊȍșȖȔ șȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍȜ ȝȘȈȔȈ ș ȗȖȏȖȓȖȟȍȕȕȣȔ ȈȓȚȈȘȍȔ Ȑ șȚȈ-
Țțȍȑ ǩțȌȌȣ Ȑȏ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȑ ȉȘȖȕȏȣ
«ǽȘȈȔ ǰȒțȚȈ, — ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ — ȗȖșȚȘȖȐȓȈ ȝȘȈȉ-
ȘȈȧ ȞȈȘȐȞȈ ǬȎȐȕȋȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȊȖ ȋȓȈȊȍ ȊȖȑșȒ Ȋ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȝ ȌȖș-
ȗȍȝȈȝ ȊȖȍȊȈȓȈ ș ȒȖȘȍȑȞȈȔȐ ǯȈșȚțȗȕȐȞȍȑ ȞȈȘȐȞȣ ȉȣȓȈ ȔțȌ-
ȘȈȧ ȉȖȋȐȕȧ ǪȈȒȈ-ǽȐȘțȔȍȕȖ-ǴȐȒȖȚȖ Ȑ ȖȕȈ-ȚȖ ȌȈȓȈ ȍȑ ȗȖȉȍ-
Ȍț ǬȈȊȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ»
ǪȖȠȍȓ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ Ȑ ȗȖȌȈȓ ȍȔț șȈȉȓȦ Ȑ ȒȕȐȎȒț Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȔ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȗȓȍȚȍ ș ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ ȐȍȘȖȋȓȐȜȖȔ ǯȍȕȏȈȉțȘȖ
țȒȈȏȈȓ ȖȜȐȞȍȘț ȕȈ șȊȖȉȖȌȕțȦ ȗȖȌțȠȒț Ȑ ȚȖȚ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ șȍȓ.
— ǩȖȍȊȖȑ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ǶȚȌȈȦ Ȋ ȚȊȖȐ ȘțȒȐ ȥȚȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȖȍ
ȖȘțȎȐȍ ǴȖȑ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȑ ȗȘȍȌȖȒ ȠȍșȚȤ ȊȍȒȖȊ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ
ȕȈȠȍȓ ȥȚț șȈȉȓȦ Ȋ ȗȕȍ ȟȐȕȖȒȐ ȘȈșȒȖȓȖȚȖȔ ȔȖȓȕȐȍȑ ǹ ȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȉȓȍșȒ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȈȓȐ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ șȚȘȈȕȣ Ȑ ȔȖȘȧ
Ȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ǶȚȌȈȑ ȍȍ
ǺȍȕȉȐ ǯȍȕȏȈȉțȘȖ ȔȖȍȔț ȔȓȈȌȠȍȔț ȉȘȈȚț ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȔȖȐȔ
ȖȉȍȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȌȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȐȏȌȣȝȈȕȐȧ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȖșȘȈȔȓȦ ȟȍșȚȐ
ȘȖȌȈ Ȑ ȘȣȞȈȘșȒȖȑ ȟȍșȚȐ ǰ ȒȖȕȍȞ
— ǰșȗȖȓȕȦ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ Țȣ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȣȑ șȈȔțȘȈȑ
— ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ Ȑ țȠȍȓ țȕȖșȧ șȈȉȓȦ ȕȈ ȊȣȚȧȕțȚȣȝ Ȋȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ ȘțȒȈȝ DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȗȖȒȈ Ȗȕ ȕȍ șȒȘȣȓ-
șȧ ȏȈ ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȖȔ ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȓȐșȚȣȊȈȚȤ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȣ
ȒȕȐȎȒȐ Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȓ ȍȍ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ țșȚȈȊ ȒȈȒ ȈȏȉțȒț ȟȐȚȈȓ
ȍȍ țȎ șȖȚȕȐ ȘȈȏ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ Ȑ ȘȐȚțȈȓ ȝȈ-
ȘȈȒȐȘȐ
Ƕȕ țȎȍ ȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȎȍ ȖȜȐ-
ȞȍȘ ȌȖȓȖȎȐȓ Ȗ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȍ ©ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȀȐȘȖ ȀȐȉȈª
ǵȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȋȖȌȧ ȏȈȕȈȊȍș ȘȈȏȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ
ȠȐȘȖȒȖȗȓȍȟȐȑ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ Ȋ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȔ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȖȔ ȒȐȔȖȕȖ ǪȖȑ-
Ȍȧ, Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȖȚȊȍșȐȓ ȏȍȔȕȖȑ ȗȖȒȓȖȕ
ǬȖȓȋȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈșȤ ȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȐȑ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȈ-
ȒȖȕȍȞ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȕȍ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ

170
— ȀȐȘȖ ȀȐȉȈ Ǵȣ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȔ Ȓ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȘȖ-
ȌȈȔ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȒȓȈȕȈ ǶȚȞȣ ȕȈȠȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȕȈ
ȊȖȑȕț ȒȓȧȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȔȍȟȈȝ Ȑ Ȗȋȕȍ Ȋ ȊȍȟȕȖȑ ȌȘțȎȉȍ ȇ ȗȐșȈȓ
Țȍȉȍ, ȌȘțȎȐȡȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȝȖȟț ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖ-
șȓȍȌȕȦȦ țșȓțȋț
— Dz ȚȊȖȐȔ țșȓțȋȈȔ, ǺȈȒȐ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȒȓȈȕȧȧșȤ,
ȋȖșȚȤ.
— ǷȘȖȠț Țȍȉȧ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȐȔ ©ȒȈȕȠȈȒțª *, — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ
ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȚȊȖȧ șȈȉȓȧ ȖȌȕȐȔ țȌȈȘȖȔ ȖȚșȍȒȈȍȚ
ȒȖȕșȒțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȗȖȥȚȖȔț ȧ șȗȖȒȖȍȕ, ȟȚȖ ȔȖȦ Țȣ ȖȚșȍȟȍȠȤ
ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȐ țșȗȍȦȚ ȔȖȘȋȕțȚȤ ȋȓȈȏȖȔ Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȧ
țȊȍȘȍȕ ǵȖ ȧ ȗȘȖȠț Țȍȉȧ ȕȍ ȚȖȘȖȗȐșȤ ȘțȉȐȚȤ ȔȖȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȉ
ȗȖȏȊȖȓȤ Ȕȕȍ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ șȈȔȖȔț ȕȈȕȍșȚȐ șȍȉȍ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ țȌȈȘ
ȒȈȒ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȐ
— ǺȈȒȐ ǯȍȕȏȈȉțȘȖ — ȕȈȟȈȓ ȉȣȓȖ ȀȐȉȈ ȕȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ
ȗȘȍȘȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ
— ǵȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȤșȧ ȗȘȖșȤȉȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȚȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȍȡȍ ȖȚȖȑȌȍȚ Ȋ
ȞȈȘșȚȊȖ Țȍȕȍȑ ȀȐȘȖ Ȑ ȗȖȔȕȐ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȌȘȖȋȕț ȕȍ șȚȘțȠț
ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȦ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȦ șȚȣȌȈ Ȑ ȉȍșȟȍșȚȐȧ ȘȖȌț
ȒȓȈȕț Ȑ ȒȈșȚȍ șȈȔțȘȈȍȊ
— ǯȕȈȦ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȋȖșȚȤ — ȇ șȖȋȓȈșȍȕ ȉȣȚȤ ȚȊȖȐȔ ©ȒȈȕ-
ȠȈȒț»...
— ǨȘȐȋȈȚȖ ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȒȈȗȐ-
ȚȈȕ — ǷțșȚȤ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȧȚ ȥȚȐ ȟțȎȍȏȍȔȕȣȍ ȊȖȘȖȕȣ, ȒȈȒ țȔȐ-
ȘȈȍȚ șȈȔțȘȈȑ
— ȇ ȊȖȏȤȔț Ȕȍȟ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖȋȖ ǫȖȚȖ ǨȘȐȌȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȖȍ-
ȊȈȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȊȍȓȐȒȐȔ ǰȖȘȐȚȖȔȖȑ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȀȐȘȖ ȀȐȉȈ.
— ǨȘȐȋȈȚȖ — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ ǺȈȒȐ ǯȍȕȏȈȉțȘȖ Ȑ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ
ȋȖșȚȦ ȌȖ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ȋ ȏȕȈȒ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȔȖȎȍȚ țȑȚȐ — ǩțȌȤ Ȏȍ ȋȖ-
ȚȖȊDzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȍ Ƕȕ șȚȈȓ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȚȤ-
șȧ Ȑ ȌȖ ȍȋȖ șȓțȝȈ ȌȖȠȍȓ ȊȐȏȋ ȗȐȓȣ șȚțȒ ȔȖȓȖȚȒȈ Ȑ ȠȈȋȐ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
«ǬȈ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ, șȍȋȖȌȕȧ» — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȊȗȍȘȐȓ șȊȖȑ
ȊȏȖȘ Ȋ ȕȍȉȍșȕțȦ ȓȈȏțȘȤ
* Ʉɚɧɲɚɤɭ — ɞɪɭɝ ɫɨɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤ ɜ ɰɟɪɟɦɨɧɢɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɢɪɢ

171
II
ǻȎ șțȔȘȈȒ șȗțșȒȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȑ ǯȍȕȏȈȉțȘȖ ȗȘȍȌȈȊ-
ȠȐșȤ ȋȘȍȏȈȔ, șȓȍȌȐȓ ȏȈ ȏȖȓȖȚȐșȚȖ-ȉȈȋȘȧȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȓȖșȈȔȐ ȗȖ-
șȓȍȌȕȐȝ ȓțȟȍȑ ȏȈȝȖȌȧȡȍȋȖ șȖȓȕȞȈ DzȘȈșȕȣȍ ȖȚȉȓȍșȒȐ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȏȈȎȐȋȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȐȏȋȐȉȈȝ ȒȈȘȕȐȏȖȊ ȗȖȌ ȓȍȗȕȣȔ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȖȔ Ȑ
ȕȈ ȖșȚȘȣȝ ȒȘȈȧȝ ȒȖȓȖȕȕ ǫȘȖȔȒȐȍ ȠȈȋȐ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ȊȣȊȍȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖșȚȐ ǸȈȏȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ ȏȈȕȈȊȍș Ȑ Ȋ ȏȈȓ
ȊȖȠȍȓ ȒȕȧȏȤ ǽȐȖȋȖ Ȋ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȐȐ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȝ șȈȔțȘȈȍȊ DzȈ-
ȗȐȚȈȕ ǯȍȕȏȈȉțȘȖ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȕȐȏȒȖ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ȒȕȧȏȦ ǬȈȑ-
ȔȐȖȚ ȗȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȘȣȞȈȘȐ Ȏȍ ȗȘȍȒȓȖȕȐ-
ȓȐ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȊ Ȋ ȏȕȈȒ ȗȘȐȊȍȚȈ ȘțȒȐ ȕȈ ȥȜȍșȣ Ȕȍȟȍȑ.
— ȇ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȌȈȑȔȐȖȚ ǽȐȖȋȖ — ȟȚȖȉȣ țȏȕȈȚȤ
ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȈȔțȘȈȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ș ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ ȘȈȌȖ-
șȚȤȦ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦ Ȋ ȝȘȈȔȍ ǰȒțȚȈ șȚȖȧȡȍȔ ȕȈ ȔȖȍȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ
ǺȈȒȐ ǯȍȕȏȈȉțȘȖ ȕȐȏȒȖ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ȚȐȝȐȔ Ȑ
ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— ǪȈȠȈ șȊȍȚȓȖșȚȤ ǷȘȐȕȖȠț ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖșȚȤ șȊȍȚȓȍȑȠȍ-
Ȕț ȒȕȧȏȦ ȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖșȚȤ ȕȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȎȍȓȈ-
ȕȐȑ ǷȘȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȍȕ ȒȕȧȏȦ ȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȔȐȓȖșȚȐ ȖȒȈȏȈȕ-
ȕȣȍ Ȕȕȍ ș ȚȖȑ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȖȚȌȈȕ ȗȖȌ ȍȋȖ ȊȣșȖȒțȦ
ȘțȒț ǷȘȖȠț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȒȕȧȏȤ șȖȉȓȈȋȖȊȖȓȐȓ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȔȖȍ ȋȓț-
ȉȖȒȖȍ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȖȉȖȎȈȕȐȍ ȕȈȠȍȔț ȊȓȈȌȣȒȍ ǴȐȒȈȌȖ — Ȑ
ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖșȚȤ ȌȊȖȘȧȕȈȔ șȊȖȍȦ ȒȓȈȕȈ ȏȈ ȌȖȉȘȖȎȍȓȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ
ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ
— Ǫșȍ ȓȐ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȣȑ șȈȔțȘȈȑ?
— șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȐȑȔȍȑșȚȍȘ
— ǴȖȧ ©ȚȖȖª țȎȍ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȉȘȈȚȈ ǫȍȕȉȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șț-
ȔȍȍȚ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȤ ȍȍ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȔ ȘȖȌȍ ǴȖȑ ©ȒȈȕȠȈȒț» — șȈȔț-
ȘȈȑ ȀȐȘȖ ȀȐȉȈ Ȗȕ ȋȖȚȖȊ Ȑ ȎȌȍȚ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ȔȖ-
ȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ
ǯȍȕȏȈȉțȘȖ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȑ șȍȓ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȑ Ȑ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȑ
ǹ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈ Ȗȕ ȐȔȍȓ ȗȘȈȊȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȚȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȊ ȚȘȍȉțȍȔȣȝ ȥȚȐȒȍȚȖȔ
ǬȈȑȔȐȖȚ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȘȣȞȈȘȐ ȗȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȓȐșȤ ȍȔț,
ȒȈȒ ȒȈȒȖȔț-ȚȖ ȊȓȈȌȣȒȍ Ȑ țȠȓȐ. ǯȍȕȏȈȉțȘȖ șȐȌȍȓ ȕȍȗȖȌ-
ȊȐȎȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȊșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȣȑ ȔȐȘ țȎȍ ȊȐȌȐ-

172
Ȕȣȑ ȍȋȖ ȖȟȈȔȐ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȌȊȐȋȈȊȠȐȝșȧ
ȗȖ ȏȈȓț ȓȦȌȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȏȈȎȐȋȈȓȐ șȊȍȚȐȓȤȕȐȒȐ ȉȘȖșȈȊȠȐȍ
ȊȖ ȔȘȈȒ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȏȈȓȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȘȕȣȍ ȚȍȕȐ țșȚȐ-
ȓȈȓȐ ȗȖȓ ȕȖȊȣȔȐ ȔȈȚȈȔȐ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȔȍȎȌț Ȑȝ ȒȘȈȧ-
ȔȐ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍȗȖȒȘȣȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȈ ȒȐȌȈȓȐ Ȋ ȒȈȌȐȓȈ ȉȓȈȋȖ-
ȊȖȕȕțȦ șȔȖȓț Ȑ ȓȍȗȍșȚȒȐ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ
DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǯȍȕȏȈȉțȘȖ șȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȐȏȊȈȧȕȐȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȧ Ȑ
ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈ ȝȖȚȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȕȈȟȈȓȖșȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ǷȖșȚȈ-
ȊȐȓȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕțȦ ȗȈȕȕț Ȑȏ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ
ȚȖȗȐȚȤ ȗȍȟȍȟȒț ǬȣȔ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ țȏȒȖȑ ȓȍȕȚȖȑ Ȑ ȕȖșȐȓșȧ
ȗȖȌ șȊȖȌȈȔȐ ȏȈȓȈ țȓȍȚțȟȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȖȍ Ȋ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȖȚȍ DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȕȍ ȗȖȠȍȊȍȓȐȓșȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ
ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ șȚȖȓȐȒ ș ȏȈȊȍȘȕțȚȣȔ Ȋ ȉȍȓțȦ ȉțȔȈȋț ȒȐȔȖȕȖ Ȑ
ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔ ȔȧȋȒȐȔ ȗȖȓȖȚȍȕȞȍȔ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȏȈȓȍ Ȑ ȝȘȈȔȍ ȊȖȞȈȘȐȓȈșȤ ȈȉșȖȓȦȚȕȈȧ ȚȐ-
ȠȐȕȈ ǺȈȒȐ ǯȍȕȏȈȉțȘȖ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍȕȐȧ Ƕȕ ȊșȚȈȓ
ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȋșȍ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȣ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȕȍȋȖ ȘȈȏ-
ȌȊȐȕțȓ ȏȈȕȈȊȍș Ȑ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȓ ȊȕțȚȘȤ ȝȘȈȔȈ ȍȌȊȈ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȔȐ ȔȈșȓȧȕȣȔȐ ȓȈȔȗȖȟȒȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȊȍȠȐȊȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ș ȗȖȚȖȓȒȈ ǷȖșȘȍȌȐ, ȗȍȘȍȌ ȈȓȚȈȘȍȔ țșȚȘȖȍȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ-
ȊȣșȖȒȖȍ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ șțȒȕȖȔ ǵȈ ȗȖȓț
ȘȈȏȖșȚȓȈȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȈȧ ȗȖȓȖșȈ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȚȒȈȕȐ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȊȖȏ-
ȊȣȠȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ ș ȎȐȏȕȤȦ Ȗȕ
— ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǯȍȕȏȈȉțȘȖ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȌȖȘȖȋȈ ȊȍȌț-
ȡȈȧ Ȋ ǵȐȘȊȈȕț șȚȘȈȕț ȉȓȈȎȍȕȕȣȝ Țȍȕȍȑ DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȏȈȌȊȐ-
ȕțȓ ȏȈȕȈȊȍș ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȘȈȏȌȍȓșȧ Ȑ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȊȈȕȕț ǷȖȚȖȔ ȕȈ-
Ȍȍȓ ȗȘȐȕȍșȍȕȕȖȍ ȒȐȔȖȕȖ șȚȈȘȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȟȍșȈȓșȧ Ȑ șȍȓ ȕȐ
Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȧ
ǶșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȟȈșȈ ȌȖ ȗȖȓțȕȖȟȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȝȘȈȔȍ ȘȈȏ-
ȌȈȓȐșȤ ȠȈȋȐ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǩȓȍșȕțȓȐ ȕȈ
ȔȐȕțȚț ȋȓȈȏȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ ȕȖ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȖȋȈșȓȐ, ȗȘȐȒȘȣȚȣȍ
ȊȍȒȈȔȐ
ǯȈȕȈȊȍș ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ șȚȈȓ ȘȈȏȌȊȐȋȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȝȘȈȔȈ ȔțȌȘȖȑ ȉȖȋȐȕȐ ǪȈȒȈ-ǽȐȘțȔȍȕȖ-ǴȐȒȖȚȖ.
ǺȈȒȐ ǯȍȕȏȈȉțȘȖ țȊȐȌȈȓ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȊȣșȖȒȐȝ șȊȍȚȐȓȤȕȐȒȈ,
șȚȖȧȡȐȝ ȗȖ țȋȓȈȔ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȟȍȚȣȘȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȐ-
ȌȧȡȐȝ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȠȈȋȈȝ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ș ȓȐȞȈȔȐ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȕȣ-
ȔȐ Ȓ ȈȓȚȈȘȦ ǵȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ©ȒȈȕȠȈȒțª Ȑ ȗȖȒȓȖ-

173
ȕȐȓșȧ ȍȔț ȌȖ ȏȍȔȓȐ DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȊșȚȈȓ ȀȐȘȖ ȀȐȉȈ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ
ȍȋȖ ș ȕȖȋ ȌȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ țȌȖșȚȖȊȍȘȐȓșȧ, ȟȚȖ ǯȍȕȏȈȉțȘȖ șȕȧȓ ȖȉțȊȤ,
ȗȖȗȘȈȊȐȓ ț ȕȍȋȖ șȒȓȈȌȒȐ ȒȐȔȖȕȖ Ȑ țȏȍȓ țȏȖȘȟȈȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȧșȈ,
ȖȚȖȠȍȓ ȠȈȋȈ ȕȈ ȌȊȈ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȚȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ.
ǺȈȒȐ ǯȍȕȏȈȉțȘȖ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȏȈȎȔțȘȐȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ șȖ-
ȉȐȘȈȧșȤ ș ȔȣșȓȧȔȐ ȕȖ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ǷȍȘȍ-
șȚțȗȐȊ ȗȖȘȖȋ ȝȘȈȔȈ Ȗȕ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȚȘȍȝ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȝ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȊ
șȚȖȧȊȠȐȝ ȗȘȐ ȊȝȖȌȍ Ȋ ȏȈȓ
ǯȍȕȏȈȉțȘȖ ș ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȖȑ ȚȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȚȐȝȐȔ ȠȈȋȖȔ ȌȊȐ-
ȋȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ©ȉȍȓȖȑ șȚȍȏȍ șȔȍȘȚȐª Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȑ ȖșȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȒȓȈȕȈ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȐȔ ȕȐȏȒȐȑ
ȗȖȒȓȖȕ ȗȖȚȖȔ, ȖȉȘȈȚȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȓ șȍȔȐ ȟțȎȍȏȍȔȞȈȔ ȗȖȒȓȖ-
ȕȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȐȔ
ǹȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȐ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȐ ȍȔț ȗȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȈȔȐ
ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȚȐȝȐȔ ȕȖ ȚȊȍȘȌȣȔ ȠȈȋȖȔ ȊȏȖȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȊȣ-
ȠȍȕȐȍ ȌȊȈ ȘȈȓȈ ȗȘȍȒȓȖȕȐȓ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȈȓȚȈȘȍȔ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ
șȍȓ șȗȐȕȖȑ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȊȠȐ ȗȖȌ șȍȉȧ ȕȖȋȐ
ǪȖȞȈȘȐȓȖșȤ ȔȐȕțȚȕȖȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ
ǺȈȒȐ ǯȍȕȏȈȉțȘȖ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ
«ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȈȌȐȑ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȉȣ ȔȖȑ ȊȖȘȖȕȖȑ ȒȖȕȤ Ȋ ȚȖ
ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȌȖ ȔȖȍȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ"»
Ǫ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȊ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕț Ȓ
ȗȖȌȈȓ ȍȔț ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ șȊȍȘȚȖȒ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȚȖȕȒȖȑ ȉțȔȈȋȍ ȕȈ
ȒȘȈșȕȖȔ ȓȈȒȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȔ ȗȖȌȕȖșȐȒȍ
DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȓ ȉțȔȈȋț Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ ©ȊȈȒȐȕȈȠȐ», ȒȖȘȖȚ-
ȒȐȑ ȒȐȕȎȈȓ ȖșȚȘȣȑ Ȑ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȑ ǶȜȐȞȍȘ ȖȚȖȠȍȓ ș ȗȖȒȓȖ-
ȕȖȔ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ©ȒȈȕȠȈȒțª șȚȖȧȡȍ-
Ȕț ȕȈȓȍȊȖ ȖȚ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕȈ, Ȑ ȗȖȌȈȓ ȍȔț Ȕȍȟ
ǺȈȒȐ ǯȍȕȏȈȉțȘȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȒȐȕȎȈȓ ȖȉȍȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȕȈ Ȋȣ-
șȖȚț ȓȐȞȈ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȖȘțȎȐȍ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ Ƕȕ ȗȖșȔȖȚ-
Șȍȓ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȉȓȐȒȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȏȖȓȖȚȍ șȊȍȠȐȊȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ș
ȗȖȚȖȓȒȈ ȓȈȔȗ Ȑ ȒȈȌȐȓȤȕȐȞ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȚȊȍȘȌȣȔ
ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ȇ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȕ ȊȖȑșȒ ȀȖȋțȕȈ, ǺȈȒȐ Ȑȏ ȘȖȌȈ șȈȔțȘȈȍȊ ǯȍȕ-
ȏȈȉțȘȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȉȖȔȉȈȘȌȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȚȍȘȘȐȚȖȘȐȦ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȍȊ,
DzȖȉȥ ǹțȌ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍȔ, ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȘȐȕțȎȌȈȍȚ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȘȊȈȚȤ ȕȐȚȤ ȔȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǷȘȖȠț ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȣȝ Șȣ-
ȞȈȘȍȑ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȒȓȈȕȈ Ȑ șȈȕȖȊȕȣȝ ȟțȎȍȏȍȔȞȍȊ ȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ

174
ȟȍșȚȤ Ȑ ȉȣȚȤ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȥȚȖȑ ȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȐȐ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ șȈȔțȘȈȧ ǯȍȕȏȈȉțȘȖ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȞȈȘșȚȊȖ Țȍȕȍȑ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ǵȐȘȊȈȕȈ ȗȘȐȉȓȐ-
ȎȈȓȖșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ǹȈȔțȘȈȑ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ, șȗțșȚȐȓ ș
ȗȓȍȟ Ȑ ȋȘțȌȐ ȒȐȔȖȕȖ ȖȉȕȈȎȐȓ șȊȖȍ ȔțșȒțȓȐșȚȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȌȖ ȗȖȧ-
șȈ Ȑ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȕțȓ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȍ ȘțȒȈȊȈ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȐ ȚȈȒȐȔ
ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖ ȘȣȞȈȘșȒȖȔț ȖȉȣȟȈȦ țȗȈșȚȤ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȋȗȍ-
ȘȍȌǶȕ Ȋȏȧȓ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȒȐȕȎȈȓ Ȑ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȍȋȖ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȅȚȖ
ȌȓȐȓȖșȤ ȖȌȕȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȖȒȈ ȕȖ Ȑ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȍȌ ȊȏȖȘȖȔ ǺȈȒȐ ǯȍȕȏȈȉțȘȖ ȗȘȖȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ Ȑȏ
ȉȐȚȊȣ ȗȖȌ DzȐȖȚȖ Ȑ DzȈȔȈȒțȘȖȑ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ șȚȍȕȣ ȝȘȈȔȈ ȓțȕȣ
ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ ȓȐȟȐȒȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȔțșȔȥ șȍșȚȘȣ DzȐȕșțȒȥ
ǰȏȖȕȖ ȗȖȓȕȣȍ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȧ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ șȈȔțȘȈȧ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȟȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȟȍȋȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȒȖȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
Ƕȕ șȘȈȏț țȌȈȘȐȓ ȒȐȕȎȈȓȖȔ Ȋ ȎȐȊȖȚ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȌȊȐ-
ȕțȓ șȚȈȓȤ șȓȍȊȈ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ ȒȓȐȕȖȒ Ȋ ȘȈȕȍ Ȑ Ȋȣȕțȓ
ȒȐȕȎȈȓ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȧȧșȤ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑ ȊȣȚȧȋȐȊȈȧ ȠȍȦ
ǹȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȕțȓșȧ ȀȐȘȖ ȀȐȉȈ șȊȍȘȒȕțȓȈ Ȋ ȗȖȓț-
ȔȘȈȒȍ ȍȋȖ ȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ ©ȚȖȖª ȕȐȏȊȍȘȋȓȈșȤ ȊȕȐȏ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȓȕȐȧ
ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȋȓțȝȖȑ ȋȘȖȝȖȚ ȒȈȚȧȡȍȑșȧ ș ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȐȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ Ȑ
ȗȈȌȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ
ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȊ ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȓ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȏȈ ȒȓȖȒ ȊȖȓȖș ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊț șȈȔțȘȈȧ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȗȖȌȈȓ ȍȍ ©ȒȈȕȠȈȒțª ǺȖȚ ȔȍȌ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȠȈȋȖȔ ȗȘȖȕȍș ȍȍ ȕȈ ȘțȒȖȧȚȒȍ ȔȍȟȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȐȌȧȡȐ-
ȔȐ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ
— ǪȖȚ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ șȈȔțȘȈȧ ǺȈȒȐ ǯȍȕȏȈȉțȘȖ
ȇȗȖȕȞȣ Ȑ ȟțȎȍȏȍȔȞȣ ȊșȚȈȓȐ Ȑ ȖȉȔȍȕȧȊȠȐșȤ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȈ-
ȔȐ țȠȓȐ
ǾȍȘȍȔȖȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȖȕȟȍȕȈ ǻȠȍȓ ȊȍȘȕȣȑ ©ȒȈȕȠȈȒț» ȀȐ-
ȘȖ ȀȐȉȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȐ-ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ
Ǫ ȝȘȈȔȍ ȕȈ ȒȘȈșȕȖȔ ȒȖȊȘȍ ȏȈȓȐȚȖȔ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌ-
ȕȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ Ȑ ȓȍȎȈȡȈȧ ȘȧȌȖȔ
ȕȈ ȗȈȟȒȍ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȚȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ
ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȉȣȓ ȝȘȈȉȘȣȔ ȓȦȉȧȡȐȔ ȖȚȟȐȏȕț Ȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȒȈȗȐ-
ȚȈȕȖȔ ǺȈȒȐ ǯȍȕȏȈȉțȘȖ
Ǫ ȗȖȓȕȖȟȤ ȉȖȕȏȈ ȚȐȝȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȝȘȈȔȈ ǰȒțȚȈ Ȑ Ȑșȟȍȏ

ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȝȘȈȔ ȗȘȖșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȐ ȌȊȍ ȎȍȕșȒȐȍ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ǵȈ ȒȖ-
ȓȍȕȧȝ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȖȗȖȓȏȓȐ Ȓ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȍȔț ȔȍșȚț ȋȖȘȌȖȑ ȒȈȏȕȐ Ȑ
ȕȈȒȓȖȕȧșȤ șȚȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȠȍȗȚȈȚȤ ȒȓȈșȚȤ ȏȍȔȕȣȍ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȣ
ȊȖȏȕȖșȧ ȘțȒȐ Ȓ ǪȈȒȈ-ǽȐȘțȔȍȕȖ-ǴȐȒȖȚȖ, Ȑ ȘȣȌȈȚȤ ȘȣȌȈȚȤ
ȘȣȌȈȚȤ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȈ
DzȖȋȖ șȒȘȣȊȈȓȐ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȍ ȗȓȈȡȐ ȕȈȌȊȐȕțȚȣȍ ȕȈ
ȋȖȓȖȊȣ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȓȐȞȈ"
ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȕȧȚȣȍ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȕȣȍ ȗȓȈȒȈȓȤ-
ȡȐȞȣ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȎȌȈȓȐ ȗȖȒȈ șȈȔțȘȈȐ ȊȖȏȤȔțȚ ȚȍȓȖ ȉȖȍȊȖȋȖ
ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ Ȑ ȗȖȕȍșțȚ ȏȈ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ șȖȎȎȍȕȐȦ
ș ȗȖȟȍșȚȧȔȐ ȗȖȌȓȍȎȈȡȐȔȐ ȘȣȞȈȘȦ"
Ǩ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ǩ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȉȣȓȈ ȔȈȚȍ-
ȘȤȦ șȈȔțȘȈȧ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȧ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȐ ȏȈ șȊȖȍȋȖ
șȣȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȍ ȌȘȖȋȕțȓ ȗȘȍȌ ȓȐȞȖȔ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȉ ȌȘțȋȈȧ —
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ șȚȘȖȑȕȈȧ ȔțșȔȥ, ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȉțȌȍȚ ȓțȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ Ȋ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧȝ șȈȔțȘȈȧ Ȋ ȓȍșț ȝȘȈȔȈ ȕȈ șȒȓȖȕȈȝ ǴȈȐ-
ǹȈȕ"

ǼȅdzǾǸǶ

ǸǾǼǰȊ ǵǮ ǵǻǮǻǶdz
Ƕșș Ƕ Ǯ DZȞȎțȒȖ

178
ȧȌȖȔ ș ȉȣșȚȘȣȔ Ȑ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȔ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȍȔ
șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȐȌȍȚ ȒȈȎțȡȍȍșȧ
ȚȈȒȐȔ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ Ȋ ȕȈȠȐ ȌȕȐ ȐȏțȟȍȕȐȍ
Țȍȝ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȑ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȋ ǹȘȍȌ-
ȕȐȍ ȊȍȒȈ ȊȓȍȒȓȖ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȕȍȔȐȕțȍȔțȦ
ȋȐȉȍȓȤ Ȋ ȚȦȘȤȔȍ ȕȈ ȒȖșȚȘȍ ȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȓȈ-
ȝȍ ǷȍȘȊȣȑ ȚȖȓȟȖȒ ȕȈțȟȕȖȑ ȈȓȝȐȔȐȐ ȌȈȓ
ȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȑ Ǵ ǩȍȘȚȍȓȖ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȑ ȝȐȔȐȒ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȋȖ-
Ȍȣ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȗȖșȊȧȚȐȊȠȐȑ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȦ ȗȈȔȧȚȕȐȒȖȊ
ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ ȌȘȍȊȕȖșȚȐ
«ǿȐȜȏȜȒțȎȭ ȦȘȜșȎ»
ǪșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ǩȍȘȚȍȓȖ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȖșȓȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȔȍ-
ȕȐȚȖȋȖ țȟȍȕȖȋȖ ȞȍȓȈȧ ȗȓȍȧȌȈ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȝ Ȑ ȕȍȏȈȊȐșȐȔȣȝ ȓȦ-
Ȍȍȑ ȗȖȓțȟȐȊȠȐȝ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖȍ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȐȍ, ȒȈȒ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ-
ȕȈțȟȕȖȍ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜșȒȖ-ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȖȍ șȗȓȖȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȖȘ-
ȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȈȓȈ «ǹȊȖȉȖȌȕțȦ ȠȒȖȓț» Ȍȓȧ ȐȏțȟȍȕȐȧ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȑ ȝȐ-
ȔȐȐ, — ȈȓȝȐȔȐȐ — Ȑ ȍȍ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȑ Ȋ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒȍ ȈȌȍȗȚȖȊ
ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȕȈȕȐȑ ȐȋȘȈȊȠȐȝ Ȋ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȊȍȒȖȊ Ȑ ȕȈ-
ȘȖȌȖȊ ȔȘȈȟȕțȦ Ȑ ȟȈșȚȖ ȘȖȒȖȊțȦ ȘȖȓȤ
ǪȖ ȋȓȈȊȍ ȥȚȖȑ ȠȒȖȓȣ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȈȓȝȐȔȐȒȖȊ ȊșȚȈȓ

179
ǷȤȍȘ ǷȐȖȉȉ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȋ țȓȐȞȍ Monsieur le Prin-
ce Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȕȍȕȈ țȟȍȕȣȔȐ ȐcșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȥȚȖȑ
ȌȘȍȊȕȍȑ ȕȈțȒȐ ǷȐȠțȡȐȑ ȥȚȐ șȚȘȖȒȐ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ șȘȍȌȐ ȥȚȐȝ
ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȤȕȣȝ țȟȍȕȣȝ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȗȖȓțȋȖȌȈ Ȑ ș ȖșȖȉȣȔ țȌȖȊȖȓȤ-
șȚȊȐȍȔ șȖȖȉȡȈȍȚ Ȗ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȝ Ȑ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧȝ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ
ȈȓȝȐȔȐȒȖȊ.
ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ©ɋɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵª
ǪȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȍ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȏȕȈȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȖȗȣȚȖȔ ȕȈțȟ-
ȕȣȝ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȥȗȖȝȐ ȥȚȐ țȟȍȕȣȍ ȗȖȓȤ-
ȏțȦȚșȧ ȒȕȐȋȈȔȐ ȌȘȍȊȕȖșȚȐ Ǫ Ȑȝ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȐ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȏȕȈ-
ȔȍȕȐȚȖȋȖ ȊȖșȤȔȐȚȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȚȘțȌȈ ǫȍȘȔȍșȈ ǺȘȐșȔȍȋȐșȚȈ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȟȚȐ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȥȗȖȝȍ ȕȈțȟȕȖȋȖ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ — ǷȈȘȈ-
ȞȍȓȤșȈ ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȘȧȌ ȒȕȐȋ ȊȚȖȘȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȣȝ ȈȓȝȐȔȐ-
ȒȖȊ șȘȍȌȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚșȧ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȈȊȚȖȘȣ ȒȈȒ ǬȈȊȐȌ Ȑȏ
ǹțȈȕșȖȕȈ ǵȈȚȈȕ ǽȘȖȔȖȕȖȋȐȑ ǴȈȘșȍȓȤ ȌȦ ǴțȘȤȍ Ȑ ȔȘȈȟ-
ȕȣȍ ȈȗȖȓȖȋȍȚȣ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȔȈȋȐȐ ȍȋȐȗȚȧȕȐȕ ǹȈȜȈȘȐș ȝȈȓȌȍȑ-
șȒȐȑ ȊȖȓȝȊ ǺțȘȋȈȚȈ Ȑ ȐȕȌȐȑșȒȐȍ ȉȘȈȔȐȕȣ, a ȔȍȎȌț ȕȐȔȐ
ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȍȚșȧ ȐȔȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ, ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ șȓțȎȈȚ
ȕȍȐșȟȍȘȗȈȍȔȣȔ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȖȔ ȜȐȓȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜș-
ȒȐȝ șȗȖȘȖȊ ȅȚȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ — ȉȘȈȔȐȕ Ȑȏ ǺȘȈȊȈȕȒȖȘȈ ǨȓȐ-Ǭț-
ȓȍȉ ȎȐȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȖȋȖ șȚȖȓȍȚȐȧ ȗȖșȓȍ Ǹ. X.
ǮșȣȖȚȖȥȓȟȘȖȓ ȕțȎȘȖ Ȗ ȘȡșȪȠ ȒȓȚȜțȜȐ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȦ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚȤșȧ ș ȈȓȝȐȔȐȟȍș-
ȒȐȔȐ ȒȕȐȋȈȔȐ ȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȘȈȎȈȦȚ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȔȖ ȖȒ-

180
ȒțȓȤȚȕȣȍ ȏȕȈȒȐ — ȥȚȐ țșȓȖȊȕȣȍ șȐȔȊȖȓȣ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ Ȗȗ-
ȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȈȓȝȐȔȐȒȐ șȚȈȘȈȓȐșȤ șȒȘȣȚȤ
ȖȚ ȊȏȖȘȈ ȕȍȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȐȓȐ ȖȗȈșȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ǭșȓȐ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȍȍ ȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚȤșȧ ș ȥȚȐȔȐ șȐȔȊȖȓȈȔȐ Ȑ
ȗȘȖșȓȍȌȐȚȤ Ȑȝ ȕȈȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ Ȋ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȝ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȧȝ ȈșșȐȘȐȑ-
șȒȖ-ȝȈȓȌȍȑșȒȐȝ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ — ȍȋȐȗȍȚșȒȐȝ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȍ-
ȕȈ ȞȈȘșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ ǴȐȕȋȖȊ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ țȎȍ Ȋ șȘȍȌȕȍȊȍȒȖȊȤȍ ȚȖ ș
ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖșȚȤȦ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȚ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȚȍșȕȍȑȠȈȧ
șȊȧȏȤ ȔȍȎȌț ȥȚȐȔȐ șȐȔȊȖȓȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȈȓȝȐȔȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȕȈȟȍȘ-
ȚȈȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȏȕȈȒȈȔȐ, ȒȘȈșȖȊȈȊȠȐȔȐșȧ ȕȈ ȜȘȖȕȚȖȕȈȝ Țȍȝ ȝȘȈ-
ȔȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȣ ȏȓȣȔ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȈȔ Ȑ ȌțȝȈȔ —
ȖȚ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȏȍȔȓȧ ǶȘȐȔȈȕȈ Ȑ ȏȓȖȋȖ «ȌțȝȈ ȏȍȔȓȐ» ȐȔȧ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȋ ȓȍȚȖȗȐșȧȝ «șȊȧȚȖȑ ȐȕȒȊȐȏȐȞȐȐ» șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȍȚ-
șȧ ȞȍȓȣȔ ȔȖȘȍȔ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȗȣȚȈȍȔȣȝ Ȑ ȒȈȏȕȍȕȕȣȝ ǹȒȈȎȍȔ ȒȖ-
ȘȖȟȍ — șȐȔȊȖȓȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȏȕȈȒȐ ȈȓȝȐȔȐȒȖȊ — ȥȚȖ ȐȔȍȕȈ ȏȓȣȝ
ȌȍȔȖȕȖȊ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ țȎȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȔ ȊșȦ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖșȚȤ
ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȋȓȈȊȍȕșȚȊțȦȡȐȍ ȎȘȍȞȣ a ȏȈȚȍȔ Ȑ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȕȈȧ ȊȓȈșȚȤ,
ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȐ ȈȌȍȗȚȖȊ ȈȓȝȐȔȐȐ
«ǿȖțȜȞȖȜțª — ȚȜțȜȑȞȎȚȚȎ ǰȓșȪȕȓȐȡșȎ
Ǫ ȈȓȝȐȔȐȐ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȣȔ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȓȤȏțȦȚșȧ
ȏȕȈȒȐ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȍ «șȐȕȖȘȐȖȕȈȔȐª Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ, ȓȍȚ 
ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ, ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȜȐȓȖȓȖȋȖȊ ȐȏțȟȈȧ ȒțȓȤȚ
ȌȤȧȊȖȓȈ Ȋ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ Ȗ ȏȕȈȒȍ «șȐȕȖ-
ȘȐȖȕȈª — ȌȊȈ șȚȖȓȒȕțȊȠȐȝșȧ ȖșȚȘȣȔȐ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȈȔȐ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȤ-
ȕȐȒȈ ș ȊȐȝȘȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȓȐȕȐȧȔȐ ȊȖȒȘțȋ — ȒȈȒ Ȗ ȚȐȗȐȟȕȖȑ ȔȖ-
ȕȖȋȘȈȔȔȍ ǪȍȓȤȏȍȊțȓȈ.
dzȑȖȝȓȠȟȘȎȭ «ȒȖțȎȚȜ»
ǷȈȘȐȎșȒȐȍ ȈȓȝȐȔȐȒȐ șȚȈȘȈȦȚșȧ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȈȚȤ Țȍ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȍ
ȍȋȐȗȍȚșȒȐȍ ȏȕȈȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ șȖȉȖȑ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȕȍ-
ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ ȒȖȓȍșȈ ȊȘȈȡȈȍȔȣȍ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȉȍȋțȡȍȑ ȊȖȌȖȑ
Ȑ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȈȦȡȐȍ șȖȉȖȑ șȓȖȊȈ «șȐȓȈ» Ȑ ©ȊșȍȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȖ».
ǺȖȓȒȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȍȋȐȗȚȖȓȖȋȈȔȐ ȥȚȐȝ ȏȕȈȒȖȊ ȒȈȒ
ȟȈșȚȍȑ ȊȖȌȧȕȣȝ ȔȍȓȤȕȐȞ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȚ ȒȘȐȚȐȒȐ ȐȉȖ ȕȈ
ǽȍȊȘȖȕșȒȐȝ ȋȓȐȕȧȕȣȝ ȗȓȈșȚȐȕȈȝ ȕȈȑȌȍȕȖ ȚȖȟȕȖȍ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȍ

181
ȊȖȌȧȕȖȑ ȍȋȐȗȍȚșȒȖȑ ȔȍȓȤȕȐȞȣ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ
ȗȘȐȚȖȒȖȊ ǵȐȓȈ ȜȈȘȈȖȕȖȔ ǹȈȜșȜȈȋȍȘȕȖȔ.
Ǫ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȖȔ ȕȍ țȗȖȔȧȕțȚȖ Ȗȉ ȥȚȐȝ ȚȈȐȕ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȖȓȍșȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȦȚ ȕȈȌȗȐșȐ
ȕȈ șȈȘȒȖȜȈȋȈȝ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȟȐȚȈȍȔȣȝ ȜȈȘȈȖȕȖȊ ȕȖșȧȡȐȝ ȕȈ-
ȊȈȕȐȍ ©ǸȈ-ǩȈȑȌȈȘª ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ©ȜȈȘȈȖȕ — ȗȍȘȊȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒª
Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȊȍȘȝȖȊȕȣȝ ȎȘȍȞȖȊ ǭȋȐȗȚȈ
ǶșȕȖȊȣȊȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȜȐȓȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȐȧȝ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȈȓȝȐȔȐȒȐ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȐ ȒȖȓȍșȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȓȐȊȕȣȔȐ
Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȖșȖȉȣȍ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȍ ȕȈ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȐȕȈȔȖ-ȔȈȠȐȕȣ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏ-
ȕȈȟȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȊȣȘȈȉȖȚȒȐ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ
ȥȕȍȘȋȐȐ ȅȚȖ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȈȓȝȐȔȐȒȐ șȚȈȘȈȦȚșȧ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ
ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȍȔ ȕȖȟȐ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȖȍ ȕȖȊȖȓțȕȐȍ Ȋ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȍșȚȊȖ ǨȔȔȖȕ-
ǨȉȈșȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȚȖȓȗȣ ȔȖȓȧȡȐȝșȧ ȊȊȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȎȘȍȞȈȔȐ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖ
Ȑȏ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȑ ȝȘȈȔȈ Ȑ, ȗȖ ȏȕȈȒț ȊȍȘȝȖȊȕȖȋȖ ȎȘȍȞȈ ȖșȚȈȊȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȍȌȊȐȎȕȣȔȐ Ȋ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣȝ ȗȖȏȈȝ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȈ-
ȘȈȓȐȏȖȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȌȖ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȗȘȖȉȓȍșȒȖȊ ȏȈȘȐ
ǰȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȒ ȕȈțȒȐ ȌȘȍȊȕȖșȚȐ ǫȈȕș
ǫȍȜȍȘ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȍȋȐȗȍȚșȒȐȝ ȔțȏȍȍȊ ȕȈȠȍȓ
ȋȓȐȕȧȕțȦ ȗȓȈșȚȐȕț ș ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȍȔ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȖȚȌȍ-
ȓȍȕȐȧ
ǵȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȈȊȚȖȘ ȗȐȠȍȚ
«ǿȍȚȣȘȍșȚȈ ȘȈȉȖȊ ȓȐȊȐȑșȒȐȝ Ȋ  Ȍȕȍȑ Ȑ
 ȕȖȟȍȑ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȐ ȗȖȓ ȈȔȔȖȕȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȝȘȈ-
ȔȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔȐ ȗȓȐȚȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍȑ ȘțȌȣ
ȗȘȐȊȖȏȐȔȖȑ ȜȐȕȐȒȐȧȕȈȔȐ Ȑȏ șȚȘȈȕȣ șȍȊȍȘ-
ȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ»
Ǫ ȥȚȖȑ ©ȚȧȎȍȓȖȑ ȘțȌȍª ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚȈȚȖȘȣ
țșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȦȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȒțșȒȐ ȔȈȋȕȐȚȕȖȋȖ Ȏȍ-
ȓȍȏȕȧȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȔȖȋ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚȤ

182
ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȏȈȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖȔ ȍȋȖ
ȔȖȋ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȚȤ ȚȖ ȗȈȘȈȓȐȏțȦȡȍȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȒȈȒ
ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ șȐȓȤȕȣȔ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔ
ȚȖȒȖȔ
ǽȞȎȕȒțȖȘ ǮȚȚȜț-ǮȏȎȟȎ
ǷȤȍȘ ǷȐȖȉȉ Ȑ ǫțșȚȈȊ ǩțȚȐ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ ȗȖșȚ-
ȘȖȐȓȐ ȒȖȗȐȦ ȝȘȈȔȈ ǨȔȔȖȕȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȓȍȚȈ ȚȍȒțȡȍȋȖ ȋȖȌȈ
ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓȐ ȟȓȍȕȖȊ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ȗȖȖȡȘȍȕȐȧ ȐȏțȟȍȕȐȧ ȌȘȍȊȕȍ-
ȋȖ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ ȕȈ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȑ șȍȈȕș
ǻ ȊȝȖȌȈ Ȋ ȐȔȗȘȖȊȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȝȘȈȔ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȑ
șȖȉȖȦ șȌȍȓȈȕȕȣȍ Ȑȏ ȗȈȗȤȍ-ȔȈȠȍ Ȑ ȧȡȐȒȖȊ ȔȈșșȐȊȣ Ȑȏ șȍ-
ȘȖȋȖ ȒȈȔȕȧ ș ȕȈȕȍșȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȒȓȐȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ Ȑ șȐȔ-
ȊȖȓȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȍȋȐȗȍȚșȒȐȔȐ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȈȔȐ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȟȈȓ ȊȍȘȝȖȊȕȣȑ ȎȘȍȞ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȔ ȖȌȍȧȕȐȐ, ș ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȗȖȊȧȏȒȖȑ
ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ Ȑ ș ȊȐșȧȡȐȔ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȖ-
ȋȖ ǨȗȐșȈ
ǪȕțȚȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȝȘȈȔȈ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈ șȖȉȖȑ șȊȖȌȟȈȚțȦ ȒȖȔ-
ȕȈȚț ȍȌȊȈ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕțȦ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȊȐșȧȡȍȑ ȔȈșȓȧȕȖȑ ȓȈȔȗȖȑ
ǹȚȍȕȣ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȐȍ ȌȍȚȈȓȐ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȗȘȖȗȈȌȈȓȐ ȊȖ ȔȘȈȒȍ
Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȔȖȕȖȚȖȕȕȣȍ ȋȖȓȖșȈ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȐ ȏȈȕȧȓȐ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȣȍ Ȍȓȧ ȕȐȝ Ȕȍș-
ȚȈ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȎȘȍȞ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȖȓțȔȘȈȒȍ
ȗȘȖȟȍȓ ȒȘȈȚȒțȦ ȓȍȒȞȐȦ Ȗ ȍȋȐȗȍȚșȒȖȑ ȈȓȝȐȔȐȐ ȕȖșȐȊȠȍȑ
ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ «ȕȈțȒȐ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ șȊȐȚȒȈ».
ǨȓȝȐȔȐȏȔ Ȑ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȍȔț ȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȕȖșȐȓȐ Ȗȉȡȍȍ ȕȈ-
ȏȊȈȕȐȍ ©ǶȘȔȈȕȌȈȑª Ȑ ȧȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȏȕȈȕȐȍȔ ȎȘȍȞȖȊ Ȑ ȖșȖȉȖ ȓȦ-
ȉȐȔȣȝ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔȐ Ȑ ȐȔȐ ȐȏȉȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȜȈȘȈȖȕȖȊ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍȋȖ ȊșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ȎȘȍȞ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȈȓ șȓț-
ȠȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȍȕȐȐ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȉȖ-
ȋȖșȓțȎȍȕȐȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȊȠȐȝșȧ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȕȖȊȖȓțȕȐȑ.
«ǴȖȐȜȓ ȡȚȓȞȧȐșȓțȖȓ»
ǷȍȘȊȣȔ ȖȗȣȚȖȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȖȍ Ȋ ȍȋȐȗȍȚșȒȖȑ ȓȐ-
ȚȍȘȈȚțȘȍ «ȎȐȊȖȍ țȔȍȘȡȊȓȍȕȐȍ» ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȗȘȐ

183
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ ȎȍȘȚȊȖȗȘȐȕȖȠȍȕȐȧȝ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȝȘȈȔȈȝ ȒțȓȤȚȈ ǨȔ-
ȔȖȕȈ ȚȈȒ Ȑ Ȋ ȒțȓȤȚȍ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ ȏȈȕȍșȍȕȕȖȔ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȓȈȊȓȧȦȡȍȔ
ȎȍșȚȖȒțȦ ǨșȚȈȘȚț.
ǵȈ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȐȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȏȘȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȌȖȊȖȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȧȘȒȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȈȧ, ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓȈșȤ ȊȊȍȌȍȕȕȈȧ ȎȘȍȞȈȔȐ ȖȊȞȈ
ǶȕȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ ȘȖȓȤ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ  ȌȍȊțȠȍȒ ȘȖ-
ȌȐȊȠȐȝșȧ  Ȋȍșȍȕ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȌȖ ȘȖȒȖȊȖȋȖ Ȍȓȧ ȕȐȝ ȕȖȊȖȓțȕȐȧ Ȑ
ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȊșȗȈȝȐȊȈȓȐ ȏȍȔȓȦ ǵȐȓȤșȒȖȑ ȌȍȓȤȚȣ
ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȎȘȍȞȖȊ ȌȈȊȈȓ ȖȊȞȍ șȈȝȈȘ, ȗȘȖȗȐȚȈȕȕȣȑ ȧȌȖȔ
ȒțȘȈȘȍ ȐȓȐ ȐȏȖȞȐȈȕȖȊȖȑ ȒȐșȓȖȚȖȑ
ǷȖȌ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȖȊȞȣ ȗȖȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓșȧ ȖșȖȉȣȑ ȚȘȍȕȖȋ Ȑ ȚȈȒȖȑ
Ȏȍ ȚȘȍȕȖȋ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȐȓșȧ ȗȖȌ ȚȍȓȖ ȖȊȞȣ ș ȚȍȔ ȘȈșȟȍȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȗȘȐ ȊșȧȒȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ ȖȕȖ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈ
ȕȖȋȈȝ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȑ ȏȘȐȚȍȓȐ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ
ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȊ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖșȍȌȈȓȖ ȚȍȓȖ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȑ ȎȍȘȚȊȣ ȗȖ-
șȓȍ ȟȍȋȖ ȌȊȖȍ ȎȘȍȞȖȊ ȒțșȖȒ ȏȈ ȒțșȒȖȔ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȖȚȌȍȓȧȚȤ ȖȚ
ȚȍȓȈ ȖȊȞȣ ȌȣȔȧȡȍȍșȧ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȍ ȔȧșȖ ȕȍ ȚȘȖȋȈȧ ȓȐȠȤ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊȣ ǵȐ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ ȕȐ Ȋ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȐ ȍȋȖ ȋțȉ ȕȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȑ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ș ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȔȋȕȖ-
ȊȍȕȐȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓșȧ ȒȖșȚȧȒ Ȑ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȗȘȖ-
ȘȍȏȈȕȕțȦ șȖȍȌȐȕȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȚȒȈȕȤ ȔȍȎȌț ȘȍȉȍȘ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȐșȤ
ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȖșȚȐ
ǷȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȗȐȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȘȍȉȘȈ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ, ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ
ȋȘțȌȕȖȑ ȒȓȍȚȒȍ, șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ țȎȍ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȖȍ, ȉȐȓȖșȤ șȍȘȌ-
Ȟȍ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȎȘȍȞ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȔ ȍȋȐȗȚȧȕȈȔ ȐȏȊȍșȐ-
ȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȈȕȍșȚȍȏȐȘțȦȡȐȍ Ȑ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȗȈȘȈȓȐȟ ȟțȊșȚ-
ȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȕȍȘȊȖȊ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȈ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȧȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȕȐ ȔȖȋȓȐ
ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȚȤ Țȍ țȎȈșȕȣȍ ȉȍȏȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȐ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȓȐ «ȎȐȊȖȍ țȔȍȘȡȊȓȍȕȐȍª ȎȍȘȚȊ ȐȏȉȘȈȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȕȈ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȊȖȓȍȕȐȍ ǨȔȔȖȕȈ Ȑ ǨșȚȈȘȚȣ Ȑ țȔȐ-
ȘȈȊȠȐȝ ȉȍȏ ȒȘȐȒȈ Ȑ șȚȖȕȈ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȕȍ ș ȉȓȈȎȍȕȕȖȑ țȓȣȉ-
ȒȖȑ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ șȟȈșȚȤȧ
ǰȓșȖȘȎȭ ȠȓțȪ
ǪȚȖȘȣȔ ȖȗȣȚȖȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȕȐȍ «ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ ȚȍȕȐ». ȅȚȖȚ
ȖȉȘȧȌ ȒȈȒ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ, ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȓ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȕȈȐȉȖ-
ȓȍȍ ȗȖȟȐȚȈȍȔȣȝ ȝȘȈȔȖȊ ȍȋȐȗȍȚșȒȐȔȐ ȊȓȈșȚȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ Ȑ șȖșȚȖȧȓ

184
Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ șȚȍȕȍ șȘȍȌȐ ȌȣȔȈ Ȑ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȦȡȐȝ
ȖȋȖȕȤȒȖȊ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓȈșȤ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȟȍȘȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ șȒȈȏȖȟȕțȦ «ǸȈ-ǨȕȈ» — ȕȖȟȤ,
șȍșȚȘț «ǸȈ-ǹȖȓȕȞȈ» șȟȐȚȈȊȠțȦșȧ ȗȘȈȔȈȚȍȘȤȦ Ȋșȍȝ ȍȋȐȗȍȚ-
șȒȐȝ ȌȐȕȈșȚȐȑ
ǰ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȏȘȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓȈșȤ
șȞȍȕȈ ȖȗȐșȈȕȕȈȧ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ ȍȋȐȗȍȚșȒȐȝ ȐșȚȖȘȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȐ-
ȚȈȕȕȈȧ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ǴȈȘȒțșȖȔ ǯȍȑȓȐȕȋȍȘȖȔ.
ǵȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ șȚȍȕȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȋȓȖȡȍȕȕȖȑ ȔȘȈȒȖȔ ȚȖ
ȏȌȍșȤ ȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȐ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȚȤ ȧȘȒȐȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ ȒȘȈș-
ȕȣȍ Ȑ ȋȖȓțȉȣȍ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȟȒȐ ȚȐȝȖ ȚȘȍȡȈȡȐȍ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȋȈșȕțȊ-
ȠȐȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȕȈ ȕȍțȓȖȊȐȔȖ
ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȖșȊȍȡȈȧ ȊȣȒȘȈȠȍȕȕțȦ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖ-șȍȘȣȑ
ȞȊȍȚ șȚȍȕț ǻȎȍ ȗȖ șȈȔȖȔț ȗțȚȐ ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȉȍȋȈȓȐ ȥȚȐ ȒȘȈ-
șȐȊȣȍ ȊșȗȣȠȒȐ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șțȌȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȗȘȖșȚ-
ȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȍ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȖ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȖȔ ȕȍ șȗȖșȖȉȕȣȔ Ȓ ȥȚȐȔ
ȊșȗȣȠȒȈȔ DzȖȋȌȈ, ȕȍ ȒȖșȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ ȔȋȕȖ-
Ȋȍȕȕȣȍ ȊșȗȣȠȒȐ ȖȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȊșȦ șȚȍȕț ȊȕȐȏț ȍȍ, ȕȈ țȘȖȊȕȍ
ȗȖȓȈ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ șȐȕȍȊȈȚȣȑ ȖȋȖȕȍȒ ȕȖ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ, ȟȍȔ ȏȘȐȚȍȓȐ
ȔȖȋȓȐ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ ȗȘȐȟȐȕț ȥȚȖȋȖ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȋțșȚȖȑ
ȉȍȓȣȑ ȌȣȔ ȖȏȈȘȍȕȕȣȑ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ,
ȏȈȊȖȓȖȒ ȊșȦ șȚȍȕț Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȋȓțȉȖȒȈȧ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȈ ȏȈȓȍȋȓȈ
șȕȖȊȈ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȊȈȚȣȑ ȚțșȒȓȖ
ȔȍȘȞȈȦȡȐȑ șȊȍȚ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȐȏȓțȟȈȚȤșȧ șȈȔȖȑ șȚȍȕȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ
ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȊȍȚȖȊȖȑ ȏȈȊȍșȖȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȈȌȈȦȡȍȑ Ȑ
șȚȘțȧȡȍȑșȧ ȖȚȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ Ȑȏ ȉȍșȗȘȍȌȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȊȣșȖȚȣ
ǵȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ țșȚȘȍȔȓȧȓȐșȤ ȒȊȍȘȝț ȐȡȈ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȥȚȖȑ
ȏȈȊȍșȣ Ȑ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȈ șȊȍȚȈ Ȉ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ
Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȊȣȌȍȓȧȓȖșȤ ȟȍȘȕȖȍ ȒȈȒ ȉȍȏȌȖȕȕȈȧ ȗțȟȐ-
ȕȈ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ȏȐȧȦȡȍȍ Ȑ ȎțȚȒȖȍ DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȓȖșȤ ȚȖ, ȒȈȏȈȊȠȍȍșȧ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȉȍșȜȖȘȔȍȕȕȣȔ Ȑ
șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȔ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖ șȖȉȖȑ ȕȍ ȏȐȧȦ-
ȡȐȑ ȗȘȖȘȣȊ șȊȍȚȖȊȖȑ ȗȓȖșȒȖșȚȐ ȕȖ șȚȘȖȋȖ Ȑ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ ȖȟȍȘ-
ȟȍȕȕțȦ ȜȐȋțȘț ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ.
ȅȚȖ Ȑ ȉȣȓȈ «ȊȍȓȐȒȈȧ ȚȍȕȤ» Ȉ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȍȍ ȖȉȢȧș-
ȕȧȓȖșȤ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖ Ȑ, ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ
ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ Ȋ ȝȘȈȔȍ ȖȈȏȐșȈ ǨȔȔȖȕȈ

185
Ǫșȧ șȚȍȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȈȓȝȐȔȐ-
ȒȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȈ ȚȍȔȕȖ-șȍȘȣȔ șȖșȚȈȊȖȔ Ȑȏ
șȔȍșȐ șȍȘȕȐșȚȖȑ șțȘȤȔȣ Ȑ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȈȏȖȚ-
ȕȖȒȐșȓȣȝ șȖȓȍȑ ǷȘȐ ȗȘȖȗțșȒȈȕȐȐ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȑ
ȥȓȍȒȚȘȖȗȘȖȊȖȌȕȖȑ ȗȓȖșȒȖșȚȐ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍș-
ȒȖȋȖ ȚȖȒȈ — Ȋ Țȍȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ ȋȌȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȖȚ-
ȌȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȒȘȐșȚȈȓȓȐȒȈȔȐ ȈȏȖȚȕȖȒȐșȓȣȝ
șȖȓȍȑ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȗȘȖșȒȖȟȐȚȤ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȐșȒ-
ȘȈ ȏȈȋȖȘȈȓȈșȤ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ș ȚȘȍșȒȖȔ Ȋșȗȣ-
ȝȐȊȈȧ șȍȘȕȐșȚȈȧ șțȘȤȔȈ ǫȖȓțȉȣȍ ȊșȗȣȠȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȊșȗȣȠ-
ȒȈȔȐ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚȊȈ ȒȘȈșȕȖȊȈȚȣȍ — șȍȘȕȐșȚȖȑ șț-
ȘȤȔȣ Ȉ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ — ȧȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȗȘȖȌțȒȚȖȔ ȘȈȏȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȈȏȖȚ-
ȕȖȒȐșȓȖȋȖ ȉȈȘȐȧ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȐ ȊșȗȣȠȒȐ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐșȤ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ
ȌȖȓȋȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȐȓȤȕȣȔ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȚȖȒȖȔ ȏȈȎȐȋȈȓșȧ
ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȌ șȈȔȖȑ șȚȍȕȖȑ șȓȖȑ ȉȍȕȋȈȓȤșȒȖȋȖ Ȗȋȕȧ
ș ȗȘȐȔȍșȤȦ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȔȈȋȕȐȧ ȖȚ ȊșȗȣȠȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȈȧ
țȗȖȔȧȕțȚȖȑ ȊȣȠȍ șȔȍșȤȦ șȚȍȕȈ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȈ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ șȍȒțȕȌ șȊȍȚȐȚȤșȧ ȊȚȖȘȐȟȕȣȔ «ȕȈȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȔ» șȊȍȚȖȔ,
Ț ȍ «ȓȦȔȐȕȍșȞȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ» ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȍ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȑ șȔȍ-
șȐ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ ȖȟȍȘȟȍȕȕȖȍ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊ-
ȓȧȚȤ șȖȉȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒțȦ ȜȐȋțȘț ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȏȐȧȦȡȐȔ —Ȑ
Ȋ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȞȈȘȐ Ȑ ȉȖȋȐ ȎȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȘȖȑ ȊȍȓȐ ȔȍȎȌț șȖȉȖȑ ȖȎȍșȚȖȟȍȕȕțȦ ȉȖȘȤȉț ȗțȋȈȓȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ
Ȑ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖ Ȑȝ ȉȍșȗȘȍȒȖșȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȚȍȔ ȒȚȖ ȔȖȋ
ȊȣȏȣȊȈȚȤ Ȓ șȔȍȘȚȕȣȔ «ȊȍȓȐȒțȦ ȚȍȕȤ» ȗȘȍȌȒȖȊ ȜȈȘȈȖȕȖȊ

186
ǹȡȥȖȟȠȩȓ ȟȘȓșȓȠȩ Ȗ ȚȡȚȖȖ
Ǫ ǭȋȐȗȚȍ ȒȈȒ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȉȣȓ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈ-
ȕȍȕ ȒțȓȤȚ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȖȊ — ȕȍȒȘȖȚȍȐȏȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȑȏ ǭȋȐȗȚȈ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȠȍȓ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȒȖ ȊșȍȔ ȕȈȘȖȌȈȔ ȚȈȒ ȐȓȐ ȐȕȈȟȍ șȖȗȘȐ-
ȒȈșȈȊȠȐȔșȧ ș ǵȐȓȤșȒȖȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȍȑ
ǹȥȘ ǨȘȚțȘ ǵȐȒȖȓȤșȖȕ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȐȝ ȘȈșȒȖȗȖȒ șȊȖȐȝ
Ȓ șȍȊȍȘȖ-ȏȈȗȈȌț ȖȚ ǨșșțȈȕȈ ȕȈȠȍȓ șȈȘȒȖȜȈȋ, ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȊ-
ȠȐȑ ȘȖȌț ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȊȖȍȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȖȊ ǸȈȔȏȍșȈ ǪȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ Ǫ
capȒȖȜȈȋȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȑȌȍȕȣ ȔțȔȐȐ, ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊ-
ȓȧȊȠȐȧ șȖȉȖȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖȋȖ ȚȈȒ
ȒȈȒ ȥȗȖȝȈ ǸȈȔȏȍșȈ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȉȖȋȈȚȈȧ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȣȔȐ ȗȈȔȧȚ-
ȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ ȐȏțȟȍȕȈ ȍȋȐȗȚȖȓȖȋȈȔȐ.
ǶșȕȖȊȣȊȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ șȥȘ ǵȐȒȖȓȤșȖȕ ȌȖ-
șȚȈȊȐȊ ǪȍȓȐȒȖȉȘȐȚȈȕșȒȖȔț ǴțȏȍȦ șȈȔ șȈȘȒȖȜȈȋ Ȑ ȌȊȍ Ȑȏ
ȕȈȑȌȍȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȔțȔȐȑ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȌȊȍ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȏ Ȋ șȊȖȑ ȟȈ-
șȚȕȣȑ Ȕțȏȍȑ ǽȘȈȕȐȊȠȐȍșȧ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȓȍȚ ȗȘȐ
ȗȍȘȍșȚȘȖȑȒȍ ȏȈȚȍȔ Ȕțȏȍȧ ȔțȔȐȐ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋȣȕȍșȍȕȣ Ȋ ȌȊȖȘȞȖ-
Ȋȣȑ ȏȈȓ ȋȌȍ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȓȖ
ȔȕȖȋȖ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȝ ȓțȟȍȑ
ǷȘȐ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȐ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȔțȔȐȑ ȕȈ ȗȘȐșȗȖșȖȉȓȍȕȕȣȍ Ȍȓȧ
ȕȐȝ ȔȍșȚȈ Ȋ Ȕțȏȍȍ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȓȐșȤ ȕȖȊȣȍ șȊȖȑșȚȊȈ ȒȈȏȈȊ-
ȠȐȍșȧ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȌȈȊȠȐȍ ȗȖȊȖȌ Ȓ Ȟȍ-
ȓȖȔț ȘȧȌț ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ Ȑ ȕȍȓȍȗȣȝ șȓțȝȖȊ
ǴțȔȐȐ ȕȖȟȤȦ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ȧȘȒȖ șȊȍȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȋȣ-
ȏȣȊȈȧ ȕȍȔȈȓȣȑ șȚȘȈȝ șȘȍȌȐ ȔțȏȍȑȕȖȑ ȗȘȐșȓțȋȐ ǶȗȣȚ ȥȚȖȚ
ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕ ȈȓȝȐȔȐȒȈȔȐ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ Ȑ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ǶȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȒȖȓȖ ǨșșțȈȕȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚșȧ ȏȈȓȍȎȐ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐ Ȑ ȕȍ-
ȔȈȓȖ șȍȘȕȐșȚȣȝ ȒȓȦȟȍȑ ǭșȓȐ Ȏȍ ȊȏȧȚȤ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȍ ȐȏȊȍș-
ȚȐ Ȑ șȍȘȣ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȑ ȔȕȖȋȖșȍȘȕȐșȚȣȑ ȒȈȓȤȞȐȑ, Ȑ
ȗȘȖȗȐȚȈȊ ȐȔ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȖ ȊȣșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȚȍȔ
ȕȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȖ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȐȝ ȟȈșȖȊ șȖȝȘȈȕȧȍȚ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ ȐȏȓțȟȈȚȤ șȊȍȚ ȗȖȋȓȖȡȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȐȔ Ȑȏ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȝ ȓțȟȍȑ
ǷȘȐ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȍȕȐȐ ȔȖȓȍȕȐȑ Ȋ ȝȘȈȔȍ ǨȔȔȖȕȈ ȈȓȝȐȔȐȒȐ
ȊȖșȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȥȚȖȚ ȖȗȣȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȍȏțșȓȖȊȕȖ șțȌȧ ȗȖ
ȖșȚȈȊȠȐȔșȧ ȗȈȔȧȚȕȐȒȈȔ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȣ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȧȓșȧ ȗȘȐ ȗțȉ-
ȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȉȖȋȖșȓțȎȍȕȐȧȝ ȍȋȐȗȍȚșȒȐȔȐ ȎȘȍȞȈȔȐ

187
Ǫ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ țȋȓȖȊ Ȋ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ ǷȤȍȘȈ ǷȐȖȉȉȈ
ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȍȕȕȖȑ Ȋ ȝȘȈȔ șȚȖȧȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ ȒȖșȚȧȒ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ
ȗȖȒȘȣȚ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȖȔ ȕȖ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȋȖ șȌȍȘȕțȓȐ ȚȖ ȏȘȐ-
ȚȍȓȐ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ șȊȍȚȧȡȐȑșȧ șȒȍȓȍȚ ȐȏȓțȟȈȦȡȐȑ ȒȖȓȍȉȓȦ-
ȡȐȑșȧ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȊȈȚȖ-ȎȍȓȚȣȑ șȊȍȚ.
ȃȜȞȜȐȜȒ ȒȡȣȜȐ
ǹȈȔȣȔ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȕȣȔ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ, ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȘȍȊȕȐȊȖ
ȖȉȍȘȍȋȈȍȔȣȔ ȎȘȍȞȈȔȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȍȋȐȗȍȚșȒȐȝ ȚȖȓȒȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȖȉȘȧȌ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ ȖȗȐșȈȕȕȣȑ ȊȖ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȗȈȔȧȚȕȐȒȈȝ ȍȋȐȗȍȚ-
șȒȖȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȣ Ȑ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȑ «ȝȖȘȖȊȖȌȖȔ ȌțȝȖȊ».
ȅȚȖ — ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȗȖ ȚȖȔț ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȏȕȈȕȐȍ șȊȖȑșȚȊ
ȉȈȒȚȍȘȐȑ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȒȐȠȍȓȈ ȗȓȖȌȖȘȖȌȕȈȧ Ȑ Ȋșȍ-
ȋȌȈ șȣȘȈȧ ȗȖȟȊȈ ȌȖȓȐȕȣ ǵȐȓȈ ǭȋȐȗȚȧȕȍ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ-
ȓȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȚȤșȧ șȊȍȚȧȡȐȔȐșȧ ȖșȚȈȚȒȈȔȐ
ȋȕȐȦȡȐȝ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ Ȑ Șȣȉ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȖȕȐ țȌȖȉȘȧȓȐ ȗȖȟȊț
ȕȖ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȌȖȠȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȌȖ ȗȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ ȥȚȐȝ
ȧȊȓȍȕȐȑ — ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍȘȈȏȋȈȌȈȕȕȣȔ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȎȘȍȞ
ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ șȓȍȌȖȊ
Ǫ șȣȘȖȑ ȗȖȟȊȍ ȉȖȋȈȚȖȑ ȘȈȏȓȈȋȈȦȡȐȔȐșȧ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȟȍșȒȐ-
ȔȐ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȈȔȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȎȐȊțȚ ȕȈȘȧȌț ș ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐ-
șȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȔȐȒȘȖȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔȈȔȐ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȍ «ȓȦȔȐȕȍ-
șȞȍȕȚȕȣȍ ȉȈȒȚȍȘȐȐ» ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȧșȤ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ, ȓȐ-
ȠȍȕȕȖȔ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ ȖșȚȈȦȚșȧ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȔȐ ȕȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȒȖșȕȍȚșȧ Ȑȝ șȚȘțȧ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ ȖȕȐ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȚ ȧȘȒȖ șȊȍȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ
ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȘȈȏȔȕȖȎȈȚȤșȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȧ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ
ȘȈșȗȓȣȊȈȦȡȍȑșȧ șȊȍȚȖȊȖȑ ȊȖȓȕȣ ǨȓȝȐȔȐȒȐ ǷȈȘȐȎșȒȖȑ
șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȑ ȠȒȖȓȣ ȕȈ ȥșȚȘȈȌȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȏȘȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȗȖ-
ȊȚȖȘȐȓȐ ȖȉȘȧȌ «ȝȖȘȖȊȖȌȈ ȌțȝȖȊ» ǵȈ ȥșȚȘȈȌȍ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ
ȚȈȕȞȖȊȡȐȒȐ Ȋ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȝ ȚțȕȐȒȈȝ, ȕȈșȣȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȔ ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȖȔ șȖ șȊȍȚȧȡȐȔȐșȧ ȉȈȒȚȍȘȐȧȔȐ. ȅȚȐ ȚțȕȐȒȐ
ȔȧȋȒȖ Ȑ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖ ȔȍȘȞȈȓȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȐ ȚȈȕ-
ȞțȦȡȐȝ ȗȍȘȍȓȐȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ șȊȍȚ ȚȖ țȝȖȌȧ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ Ȋ șȒȓȈȌ-
ȒȐ ȖȌȍȧȕȐȑ ȚȖ ȊșȒȐȌȣȊȈȧșȤ ȒȊȍȘȝț ȗȖ ȔȍȘȍ ȖȎȐȊȓȧȦȡȍ-
ȋȖșȧ Ȑ șȚȈȕȖȊȧȡȍȋȖșȧ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȉȣșȚȘȣȔ ȚȈȕȞȈ ǷȖ ȏȕȈȒț ȖȌ-
ȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȌȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȚȈȕȞȖȘȣ ȖȌȐȕ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȔȍȌȓȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȑ țȋȖȓ ȥșȚȘȈȌȣ ȋȌȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕ-

188
ȕȖ ȋȈșȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȖȌȍȎȌȈ Ȉ Ȑȝ șȈȔȐȝ ȉȍșșȓȍȌȕȖ ȗȖȋȓȖȡȈȓȈ
ȚȍȔȕȖȚȈ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȈȓȝȐȔȐȒȐ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȥșȚȘȈȌȣ
Ȑȏ ȖșȖȉȖȋȖ șȖșțȌȈ, ȕȈȝȖȌȧȡȍȋȖșȧ ȗȖȌ ȗȖȓȖȔ ȊȣȌȍȓȧȓșȧ țȋ-
ȓȍȒȐșȓȣȑ ȋȈȏ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȓ ȉȈȒȚȍȘȐȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȡȈȚȤ șȊȖȦ
ȎȐȏȕȍȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȋȈșȕțȚȤ
ǴȖȐȩȓ șȎȚȝȩ
ǨȓȝȐȔȐȒȐ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ șȖ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȍȕ ǷȈȘȐȎșȒȖȑ ȊȣșȚȈȊȒȐ 9 ȋ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȍ «ȎȐȊȣȍ
ȓȈȔȗȣ» Ț ȍ șȖșțȌȣ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȖȔ ȎȍȓȈȚȐȕȈ ș
ȗȖșȍȧȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ șȊȍȚȧȡȐȔȐșȧ ȉȈȒȚȍȘȐȧȔȐ ǰȏ șȖșțȌȖȊ
ȉȣȓ ȊȣȒȈȟȈȕ ȊȖȏȌțȝ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȉȈȒȚȍȘȐȐ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍȊȐ-
ȌȐȔȣȔȐ ȕȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȑ șȖșțȌ ȒȈȒ ȔȋȕȖ-
ȊȍȠȦ Ȋșȧ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȡȈȧșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȤ ȧȘȒȖ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȓȈ Ȑ
ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȈ ȔȍȘȞȈȚȤ ȚȈȒ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐ șȊȍȚȍ ȚȈȒȖȑ «ȎȐȊȖȑ
ȓȈȔȗȣ» ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ ȞȐȜȍȘȉȓȈȚ ȟȈșȖȊ
Ȑ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȒȕȐȋț

189
ǯȜȑȖ! ȁȑȜȒțȎ șȖ ȐȎȚ ȔȓȞȠȐȎ"
ȅȚȖ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȒ ȌȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȋȓȐȕȧȕȣȍ ȗȓȈșȚȐȕȒȐ ȕȈȝȖ-
ȌȐȔȣȍ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ ǭȋȐȗȚȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖ ȍȋȐȗ-
ȚȧȕȈȔ ȎȘȍȞȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȟȈșȚȖ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȥȚȐȔ ȥȜ-
ȜȍȒȚȕȣȔ ȖȗȣȚȖȔ
ǷȘȐȔȍȕȧȓșȧ Ȗȕ Ȋ Țȍȝ șȓțȟȈȧȝ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕțȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȗȘȍ-
ȌȍȓȐȚȤ țȋȖȌȕȈ ȓȐ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȈȔ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȔȈȧ ȜȈȘȈȖȕȈȔȐ ȐȓȐ
ȊȓȐȧȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ șȚȘȈȕȣ ȎȍȘȚȊȈ ǹ ȥȚȖȑ ȞȍȓȤȦ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȖșȧȡȍȋȖ ȎȍȘȚȊț ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ ȕȖȟȤ Ȋ ȝȘȈȔȍ ȒțȌȈ
Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐȕȍșȚȐ șȖșțȌ ș ȔȖȓȖȒȖȔ ȖșȓȐȞȣ ǵȖȟȤȦ
ȎȘȍȞ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ ȗȓȈȡȍ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȉȘȈȓ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ț ȎȍȘȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȐȒȈ șȖșțȌ ȗȍȘȍȓȐȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȑ șȖșțȌ Ȑ ȏȈșȍȊȈȓ
ȍȋȖ ȉȈȒȚȍȘȐȧȔȐ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȎȍȘȚȊȖȊȈȚȍȓȧ Ȋ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȖȔ ȝȘȈȔȍ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓșȧ șȊȍȚȧȡȐȑșȧ șȖșțȌ Ȑ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓșȧ ȚȖȘȎȍ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȋȓȈȊȕȖȋȖ ȎȘȍȞȈ Ȗ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȐ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȈ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȧȚȤ ȌȈȘ — ȔȕȖȋȖ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ ȘȈșȒȈȏȣȊȈ-
ȓȐ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȎȍȘȚȊȖȊȈȚȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȐȘȈȝ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȞȍ Ȋ
ǼȐȊȈȝ Ȋ ȏȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȣȝ ȗȖȔȍșȚȤȧȝ ȊȖȍȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ
ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȝȖȌȖȊ ȕȈ ȉȐȊȈȒȈȝ
ǰȜșȦȓȏțȩȓ țȎȟȠȜȖ
ǫȐȗȕȖȚȐȏȔ Ȋ ȟȐșȚȖȔ ȊȐȌȍ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȐȏȊȍșȚȍȕ ȍȋȐȗ-
ȚȧȕȈȔ ǺȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȊȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȐȏȊȍșȚȍȕ Ȋ ǰȕ-
ȌȐȐ Ȑ DzȐȚȈȍ Ǫ ȌȊțȝ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ șȚȘȈȕȈȝ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ, șȝȖȌȕȣȍ ș
ȋȐȗȕȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ, ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȧȓȐșȤ ȝȖȚȧ ȕȐȋȌȍ Ȋ ȓȐȚȍ-
ȘȈȚțȘȍ ȕȍ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȖșȤ Ȗ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȓȐȉȖ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ șȐȓȍ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȑ ȉȣ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȓȐ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȓȐȞȈ ǵȈȖȉȖȘȖȚ ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȘȈȏ
țȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȐȓȐ ȐȕȖȋȖ ȥȜȜȍȒ-
ȚȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ Ȋ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍȔ ȋȐȗ-
ȕȖȏȈ ȗȘȐȉȍȋȈȓȐ Ȓ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ șȕȈȌȖȉȐȑ Ȑ ȕȈșȚȖȍȒ
ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȓȐ șȐȘȖȗȣ ȕȈșȚȖȧȕȕȣȍ ȕȈ ȒȖȘ-
ȕȧȝ ȔȈȕȌȘȈȋȖȘȣ Ȑ ȞȐȉȍȚȈ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȘȐȕȧȊȠȐȑ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕțȦ ȌȖȏț ȚȈȒȐȝ ȕȈșȚȖȍȊ șȕȈ-
ȟȈȓȈ ȊȗȈȌȈȓ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȑ șȖȕ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ
ȗȖȓȕȖȋȖ ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍȕȐȧ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȕȐ

190
ȉȖȓȧ ȕȐ șȚȘȈȝȈ ǩȣȓȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ șȗȖșȖȉȣ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȦȡȐȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȍșȚȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȋ ȗȈȘȈȓȐȏȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȟȈșȚȐȟȕȖ Ȗș-
ȚȈȊȓȧȧ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȟȈșȚȐ ȚȍȓȈ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȌȊȐ-
ȎȍȕȐȑ
ǨȓȝȐȔȐȒȐ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǷȈȘȐȎȈ ȐȏțȟȈȧ ȜȈȘȔȈȒȖȗȍȦ
ǰȕȌȐȐ Ȑ DzȐȚȈȧ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ Ȓ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȦ Ȑ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȜȐ-
ȏȐȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȖȗȣȚȈȔȐ ȟȚȖ ȕȈșȚȖȐ ȔȈȕȌȘȈȋȖȘȣ ȞȐȉȍȚȈ
Ȑ ȎȍȕȤȠȍȕȧ Ȋ ȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖșȚȐ ȖȚ ȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȓȍȕȣ ȓȐ Ȓ ȕȐȔ
șȈȝȈȘ șȗȐȘȚ ȐȓȐ ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȣ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȓȐȉȖ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȝ șȖ-
ȓȍȑ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȧȘȤ-ȔȍȌȧȕȒȐ, ȔȈȓȈȝȐȚȈ ȐȓȐ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȝ șȖȓȍȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȐȏȊȖȌȧȚ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȖȍ ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ,
ȊȣȏȣȊȈȧ ȗȖȘȖȦ ȗȈȘȈȓȐȟ ȊșȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ ȕȖ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȧ ȕȍȚȘȖȕț-
ȚȖȑ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ ȘȍȟȐ Ȑ ȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐ șȔȍȠȍȕȐȐ ȘȈșȚȊȖ-
ȘȈ ȔȈȕȌȘȈȋȖȘȣ ș ȒȘȍȗȒȐȔ ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȖȔ șȖȓȐ ȗȖȓțȟȈȍȚșȧ, ȕȈȖ-
ȉȖȘȖȚ, ȗȖȓȕȍȑȠȍȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȔȣșȓȐȚȤ Ȑ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȑ ȕȖȋ Ȑ ȘțȒ ǺȈȒȐȔ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȏȖȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȘȐȕȧȊȠȐȑ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȚȈ-
ȒȖȋȖ ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȚ ȗȖ ȊȕȍȠȕȍȔț șȊȖȍȔț ȊȐȌț ȕȈ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȏȈȋȐȗȕȖȚȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȝȖȚȧ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȍȕȐȍ ȔȈȕȌȘȈ-
ȋȖȘȣ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ șȝȖȌȕȣȝ ș ȕȍȑ ȘȈșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊ ȖȚȕȖ-
șȐȚșȧ Ȓ șȈȔȖȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ ȌȘȍȊȕȖșȚȐ șȚȘȈȕȣ ǹȈȕșȒȘȐȚșȒȐȝ ȕȈ-
ȘȍȟȐȑ, ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȋȐȗȕȖȚȐȏȔ ȒȈȒ ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖȋȖ-ȗșȐȝȐȟȍ-
șȒȈȧ șȐȓȈ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚșȧ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ Ȋ ǰȕȌȐȐ ȏȈ  ȊȍȒȖȊ ȌȖ Ǹ ;.
DzȈȒ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ Ȋ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȓȈȉȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȟȍȔ ȥȚȐ Ȑȏțȟȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȊȍȒȖȊ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧ ȚȈȒȖȍ Ȏȍ ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖ-
ȋȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȗȈȘȈȓȐȟȈ ȐȓȐ ȖȕȍȔȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȧȚ Ȑ
ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȘȈșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ Ȑ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȍ ȧȌȣ ȊȘȖȌȍ șȚȘȐȝȕȐȕȈ Ȋȍ-
ȘȈȚȘȐȕȈ ȒțȘȈȘȍ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ ȚȘțȗȕȣȍ ȧȌȣ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ
ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȍ șȖȓȐ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ țȎȍ Ȗ ȕȖȊȍȑȠȐȝ
ȖȘȋȈȕȐȟȍșȒȐȝ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȧȝ — ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȕȣȝ ȈȔȔȐȈȒȈ — ȥȚȐȝ
ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ șȖȘȖȌȐȟȍȑ ȈȓȒȈȓȖȐȌȖȊ Ȑ țȗȖȔȧȕțȚȣȝ ȖȘȋȈ-
ȕȐȟȍșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȚȘțȗȕȣȝ ȧȌȖȊ
©ǽȖȠȪȓ ȒȞȎȘȜțȎª
ǹȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȍ ȈȓȝȐȔȐȒȐ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȐ șȍȒȘȍȚ Ȑ șȖșȚȈȊ «ȗȐȚȤȧ
ȌȘȈȒȖȕȈ» ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȖ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȈȓȝȐȔȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȕȈ-
ȗȐȚȒȈ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ǰȕȌȐȐ ȚȈȒ Ȑ Ȋ DzȐȚȈȍ ǵȈȗȐȚȖȒ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȈȊȈȓșȧ ȗȘȐ

192
ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȎȘȍȞ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȓ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȦ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Ȏȍ
ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȔț ȎȍȘȚȊȍȕȕȐȒț Ȑ ȊȣȓȐȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ
ȋȖȘȧȡȍȍ ȊȣșȖȒȐȔ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȍȔ ©ȗȐȚȤȍ ȌȘȈȒȖȕȈª
ǹȊȍȘȝ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȐ ȕȈȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȊȖșȗȓȈȔȍ-
ȕȧȦȡȐȍșȧ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȎȍȘȚȊȈ ȗȘȐ-
ȟȍȔ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ șȟȐȚȈȓȈșȤ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ țȋȖȌȕȖȑ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊț DzȈȒ
ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȈȓȝȐȔȐȒȐ ©ȗȐȚȤȍ ȌȘȈȒȖȕȈ» șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ Ȑȏ șȗȐȘ-
ȚȈ Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȗȘȐȉȈȊȓȧȓȈșȤ ȒȐșȓȖȚȈ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȓȍ-
ȗȍșȚȒȈȔȐ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ ȊȉȘȈșȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȒȘȐșȚȈȓȓȣ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊ ȊȣȌȍ-
ȓȧȦȡȐȝ ȒȐșȓȖȘȖȌ ǷțȏȣȘȤȒȐ ȒȐșȓȖȘȖȌȈ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȖ-
șȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȋȘȍȊȈȦȡțȦșȧ ȔȈșșț șȗȐȘȚȈ ȊȖșȗȓȈȔȍȕȧȓȐ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȈșȈȦȡȐȍșȧ Ȓ Ȑȝ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȟȈșȚȐȞȣ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȟȚȖ șȖ-
ȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȓȖșȤ ȚȘȍșȒȖȔ ȠȐȗȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȣȌȍȓȧȦȡȍȑșȧ țȋȓȍȒȐș-
ȓȖȚȣ ȊșȗȣȠȒȖȑ Ȑ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȗȈȝȈ ȘȈȏ-
ȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȗȖȓțȟȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȗȘȐ ȖȒȐșȓȍȕȐȐ șȗȐȘȚȈ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊ
ǸȞȜȐȪ ȂȜ-ȒȔȎ-Ȭțȭ
ǰȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣ Ȑ ȐȔȍȦȚ șȚȘȖȋȖȍ ȕȈțȟȕȖȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȍ ȖȉȘȧȌȣ
ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȊ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȦȡȐȍ ȋȈȌȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȍ
țșȗȍȝ ȕȈ ȊȖȑȕȍ
ȅȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȈȧ «ȒȘȖȊȤ ǼȖ-ȌȎȈ-Ȧȕȧ» ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȔ
ȜȈȘȜȖȘȖȊȖȔ șȖșțȌȍ, ȖȚ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ
ȊȍȡȍșȚȊ ȕȈȓȐȚȈȧ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȌț ȚȍȘȧȧ șȖȊȍȘ-
ȠȍȕȕȖ șȊȖȦ ȉȈȋȘȖȊțȦ ȖȒȘȈșȒț
Ǫ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ șȚȈȘȣȝ ȔȖȕȋȖȓȤșȒȐȝ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȍȑ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȉȣȓ
ȕȈȑȌȍȕ ȖȉȢȍȔȐșȚȣȑ ȚȖȔ ș ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȍȔ ȋȈȌȈȕȐȑ ǼȖ-ȌȎȈ-Ȧȕȧ
Ȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȑ șȖȉȖȑ șȚȘȖȋȖ ȝȐȔȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ
ǪȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȥȚȈ ȒȕȐȋȈ «ǷȖȑȌȐ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȠȐȕț ȋȖȘȣ
ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȕȍ ȘȈșȚțȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȊȣșȖȒȐȍ ȍȓȐ Ȑ ȕȈȑȌȐ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȕȍ
șȐȕȍȊȈȚȣȍ șțȝȐȍ ȓȐȠȈȐ ǪȣȊȈȘȐ Ȑȝ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȐȠȤ șȐȕȐȑ ȕȈș-
ȚȖȑ ǷȍȘȍȊȈȘȐ ȍȋȖ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ș ȒȐșȓȣȔȐ ȗȓȖȌȈȔȐ ȓȍșȕȖȋȖ ȊȐ-
ȕȖȋȘȈȌȈ Ȑ Țȣ ȗȖȓțȟȐȠȤ ȒȘȈșȕțȦ ȒȈȒ ȎȐȊțȦ ȒȘȖȊȤ ǹȖȎȋȐ
ȕȈ ȗȓȖșȒȖȔ ȒȈȔȕȍ ȒțșȒȐ șȍȘȣ Ȑȏ ǹȈȗȈȑȓȧȕȧ ȏȈȒȘȣȊ ȋȖȘȧȡȐȍ
ȒțșȒȐ șȖșțȌȖȔ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȊȣȋȖȘȐȚ ȕȈȓȍȑ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ ȊȖȌȣ ǷȘȐ-
ȉȈȊȐȊ ȥȚț ȊȖȌț Ȓ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȚȖȉȖȑ ȈȓȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȐ Țȣ țȊȐ-
ȌȐȠȤ ȒȈȒ ȐșȟȍȏȕȍȚ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȌț».

193
ǨȓȝȐȔȐȒȐ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȓȐ șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȘȍȞȍȗȚț țȒȈȏȈȕȕȖȔț Ȋ
șȚȈȘȖȑ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȐ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȕșț-
ȓȈ ȋ dzȍȘț Ȋ ǵȈȕȒȐȕȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȐ ȥȚȐ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ șȐȕȐȍ ȓȐ-
ȠȈȐ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȉȍșȞȊȍȟȐȊȈȓȐșȤ
ȗȘȐ șȖȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȐ ș ȒȐșȓȖȚȈȔȐ
©ǸȞȜȐȪ ȕȓȚșȖ»
ǺȈȒȖȍ Ȏȍ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍȔ «ȒȘȖȊȐ
ȏȍȔȓȐ» Ȑ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȍȚșȧ ȕȣȕȍ ȈȓȝȐȔȐȒȈȔȐ ȐȏțȟȐȊȠȐȔȐ ȥȚȖ
ȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȍȒȖȊ șȖȝȘȈȕȧȊȠȍȍșȧ Ȋ ȚȈȑȕȍ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ
«DzȘȖȊȤ ȏȍȔȓȐ» ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ șȖȉȖȑ ȊȣȚȧȎȒț Ȑȏ ȟȍȘȊȍȑ
ȒȖȠȍȕȐȓȐ ȌȈȦȡțȦ ȒȈȒ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȧȘȒȖ-ȉȈȋȘȖȊțȦ ȒȘȈșȒț
«DzȘȖȊȤ ȏȍȔȓȐ» ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȓȐ Ȋ ȎȍȘȚȊț Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ, ȒȖȋȌȈ «ȟȍȘ-
ȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤ» ȉȘȖȌȐȓȈ ȗȖ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȗȖ ǫȈȕ-
ȋț Ȑ ǰȕȌț țȔȐȘȈȓȐ ȖȚ ȟțȔȣ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȌ Ȋșȍȑ șȚȘȈȕȖȑ ȟȍȘ-
ȕȣȔ ȊȐȝȘȍȔ ȊȏȔȍȚȈȓȈșȤ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȊȖȗȓȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑ ȒȈȘȒȈȕȤȍ
șȓȍȚȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȕȈ ȌȖȉȣȟț ȝȐȡȕȣȝ ȗȚȐȞ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȖȑ șȚȈȚțȍȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǩțȌȌȣ șȚȈȊȐȓșȧ
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȑ șȖșțȌ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘțȦ ȗȖ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȐȦ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȓȐșȤ șȓȍȏȣ ȖșȐȘȖȚȍȊȠȐȝ ȌȍȊț-
ȠȍȒ Ȑ ȦȕȖȠȍȑ Ȑ ȎȘȍȞȣ ȊȏȧȊȠȐșȤ ȏȈ ȘțȒȐ Ȋ ȗȓȈȊȕȖȔ ȝȖ-
ȘȖȊȖȌȍ ȖȉȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȐȏȊȈȧȕȐȍ ǩțȌȌȣ ȗȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈȔ ȕȈȕȖșȧ șȍ-
ȉȍ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȍ ȘȈȕȣ Ȑ ȐȏȌȈȊȈȧ ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȐșȚȍȘȐȟȕȣȍ ȒȘȐ-
ȒȐ DzȖȋȌȈ țȎȍ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȐ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑȏ ȎȘȍȞȖȊ ȗȈȌȈȚȤ Ȑ ȉȐȚȤ-
șȧ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ Ȋ șțȌȖȘȖȋȈȝ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓșȧ șȈȔȣȑ șȚȈȘȣȑ Ȑȏ ȖȚ-
ȠȍȓȤȕȐȒȖȊ ȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȒȘțȋȈ ȘȈȏȉȐȊȈȓ șȚȖȧȡȐȑ ț șȘȍȌȕȍȑ
ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ ȝȘȈȔȈ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȖȑ ©ǩȈȑ-ǨȉȈȌ», Ț ȍ «ȖȗȖȘȣ
șȐȓȣª, șȖșțȌ ș ȊȖȌȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȊȍȒȈȔȐ ȝȘȈȕȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ
ȐȕȌȐȑșȒȖȔ ȝȘȈȔȍ
ǷȘȖȐȏȕȖșȧ ȏȈȒȓȐȕȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ țȔȖȓȧȧ ȌȖȉȘȣȍ Ȑ ȏȓȣȍ
ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȈ Ȗ ȗȖȡȈȌȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȎȘȍȞ ȊȣȓȐȊȈȓ Ȋ șȖșțȌ ș «ȒȘȖȊȤȦ
ȏȍȔȓȐ» ȊȖȌț ǷȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȟțȌȖ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȊȖ-
Ȍț Ȑ ȖȚȠȍȓȤȕȐȒ ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȓȧȧ ȕȈȘȖȌ, ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ, ȟȚȖ ȏȓȖȍ ȉȖ-
ȎȍșȚȊȖ șȔȐȓȖșȚȐȊȐȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȍȚ ȓȦȌȧȔ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖȓȐȚȣȍ
ȐȔȐ șȓȍȏȣ ȖȉȍȡȈȧ ȕȈ ȌȖȓȋȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍ Ȑ ȗȓȖȌȖȘȖȌȐȍ
șȚȘȈȕȍ

195
Ȋ șȊȖȐ ȘțȒȐ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȐ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȉțȌȌȐȑșȒȐȝ ȚȖȓȒȖȊ
Ȋ ȖȉȍȐȝ ȔȖȕȈȘȝȐȧȝ, ȋȌȍ ǩȘȈȔȈ ǹȐȊȈ Ȑ ǪȐȠȕț ȊșȚȈȓȐ ȊȖ ȋȓȈ-
Ȋȍ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȖȏȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȘȖșȖȏȍȘȞȈȕȐȧ șȖȚȍȕ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ȅȚȐ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ȊȍȓȐșȤ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ
Ȋ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȍȓȤȧȝ ȐȓȐ, Ȋ ȉȍȏȓțȕȕȣȍ ȕȖȟȐ
Ȋ ȋȖȘȕȣȝ țȡȍȓȤȧȝ Ȉ ȗȖȘȖȑ Ȑ ȕȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȝ ȘȈȊȕȐȕȈȝ ǹȖș-
ȚȖȧȓȐ ȖȕȐ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȘȖȌ șȖȉȘȈȊȠȐȔȐșȧ ȎȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȖȒȘț-
ȋȐ ȎȍȓȈȊȠȐȔȐ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȖȚ ȉȖȋȖȊ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȖȓ-
ȕțȦȡȐȑ Ȑȝ Ȑ ȊȈȎȕȣȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȒȈșȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ȉȓȈȋȖșȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ
ȞȍȓȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ ȐȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȈȕȕȖȑ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ
ȏȈȋȖȘȈȓȐșȤ ȏȕȈȒȐ șȓțȎȐȊȠȐȍ ȧșȕȣȔ ȖȚȊȍȚȖȔ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ ǯȕȈȒȐ ȥȚȐ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ Ȗȋȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȉțȒȊ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȖș-
Țȣȝ Ȑ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȝ ȘȐșțȕȒȖȊ ȗȘȖȋȖȘȍȊ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȚț-
ȝȈȓȐ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȧȧ șȐȓȤȕȣȑ țȌțȠȓȐȊȣȑ ȌȣȔ ǰ Ȋ ȓȈȉȖȘȈ-
ȚȖȘȐȐ ȕȈ rue Monsieur le Prince ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȦȚ ȖȚȌȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȧȊȓȧȦȡȐȍșȧ ȖȚȊȍȚȖȔ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȏȈȌȈȕȕȣȑ
ȊȖȗȘȖș ȊȣȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȑ ȖȚȊȍȚ
ǯȡȞȏȜțȟȘȎȭ șȖșȖȭ Ȗ ȘȜȞȜțȎ
ǺȈȒ, ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȌȍȔȖȕșȚȘȐȘȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȧ ȈȓȝȐȔȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȖȗȣȚȖȊ: «ǿȚȖ țȋȘȖȎȈȍȚ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ"» ǰ ȟȍ-
Șȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȑ ȕȈ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ șȚȍȕȍ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓȈșȤ ȏȍȓȍ-
ȕȣȔ ȖȋȕȍȔ ȉțȘȉȖȕșȒȈȧ ȓȐȓȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȏȈȚȍȔ șȔȍȕȐȓȈ ȊȗȖȓ-
ȕȍ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȔȈȧ ȒȖȘȖȕȈ
DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȋ șȘȍȌȕȐȍ ȊȍȒȈ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖȚ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȉȣȓ
ȉȣ ȐșȚȖȓȒȖȊȈȕ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȍ țȋȘȖȎȈȍȚ ȋȐȉȍȓȤ
ȒȖȘȖȕȣ Ȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ Ȍȓȧ ȌȐȕȈșȚȐȐ.
Ǫ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȈȕșȒȖȑ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ ȥȚȖ șȖȊșȍȔ
ȐȕȈȟȍ
ǶȗȣȚ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Ȏȍ ȗȖȧșȕȍȕ ǨȓȝȐȔȐȒȐ ȖȉȔȈȒȐȊȈ-
ȓȐ ȏȈȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȘȈȕȍȍ ȚȘȈȜȈȘȍȚ Ȋ ȘȈșȚȊȖȘ ȜȖșȜȖȘȈ Ȋ ȔȈș-
ȓȧȕȐșȚȣȝ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȈȝ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȐȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȓ șȚȍȕȍ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȔȈșȓȖ ȊȣșȣȝȈȓȖ ȜȖșȜȖȘ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȓ ȖȉȘȈ-
ȏțȧ șȊȍȚȧȡțȦșȧ ȜȐȋțȘț ȐȓȐ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡțȦ ȉțȒȊț

196
ȂȜȟȢȜȞ Ȗ ȒȞȓȐțȖȓ țȎȞȜȒȩ
ǿȚȖ ȖȗȣȚȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȗȘȐ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧȝ
ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȍ ȉȖȕȏȣ ȖȚȕȖșȧȚșȧ Ȓ ȘȈȏȘȧȌț Țȍȝ Ȏȍ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȑ — Ȗȉ
ȥȚȖȔ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊțȍȚ ȚȖ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȜȖșȜȖȘ ȒȈȒ
șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ șȈȔȖșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȐȓȐ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȊȖșȗȓȈȔȍȕȧȦȡȍȍ-
șȧ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȖ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȧȍȔȖȍ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈȔȐ Ȍȓȧ ȏȈȡȐȚȣ
ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊȣȝ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȊ Ȑ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȣȝ șțȌȖȊ ȖȚ ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐ-
ȠȍȓȤȞȍȊ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȔȖȘȧ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ — ȧȗȖȕȞȍȊ
 ȉȣȓȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ
Ȋ DzȐȚȈȍ ȏȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȍȒȖȊ ȌȖ Ǹ ; Ȉ ȓȍȋȍȕȌț Ȗ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȐ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȏȈȎȐȋȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȊȓȈȌȍȦȚ ȓȦ-
ȌȐ ȎȐȊțȡȐȍ ț Țȍȗȓȣȝ ȔȖȘȍȑ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȐ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȑȠȐȍ ȋȓȐ-
ȕȧȕȣȍ ȗȓȈșȚȐȕȒȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȔȣȍ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕȈȝ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȋȖ ǪȈ-
ȊȐȓȖȕȈ Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȒȈȒ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȗȖ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȌȖȒț-
ȔȍȕȚȈȔ ȌȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕȣ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ ȒțȗȞȖȊ
ǮșȣȖȚȖȭ ȜȏȞȭȒȜȐȎȭ Ȗ țȎȡȥțȎȭ
ǺȈȒȖȊȣ ȖșȕȖȊȣ Ȑ ȖȉȘȧȌȖȊȈȧ șȚȖȘȖȕȈ ȋȓȈȊȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȧȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȔȣȝ ȈȌȍȗȚȈȔȐ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȑ ȈȓȝȐȔȐȐ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ șȚȈȘȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȒȓȖ-
ȕȍȕȐȧ ȓȦȌȍȑ șȐȓȈȔ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ ǵȖ Ȋ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȑȠȐȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ ț
ȕȈȘȖȌȖȊ ȎȐȊȠȐȝ ȕȈ ȏȈȘȍ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȈ ȈȓȝȐȔȐȧ
Ȋ ȟȐșȓȍ ȗȘȖȟȐȝ ȖȒȒțȓȤȚȕȣȝ ȏȕȈȕȐȑ șȓțȎȐȓȈ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȖȏȕȣȔ ȞȍȓȧȔ Ȑ, ȒȈȒ ȚȈȒȖȊȈȧ ȕȍ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȈșȤ
ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍ ȐȏȔȍȕȧȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȕȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȖșȚȈȊȈȧșȤ
Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȚȘȖȋȖ ȒȖȕșȍȘȊȈȚȐȊȕȖȑ
ǹȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȖȉșȚȖȧȓȖ ȌȍȓȖ Ȋ ǹȘȍȌȕȐȍ ȊȍȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋȕȍș-
ȓȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ Ȋ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȕȈțȒț Ȗ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȍ —
ȈȓȝȐȔȐȦ ȕȐȏȊȍȌȧ ȍȍ ș ȗȤȍȌȍșȚȈȓȈ ȒțȓȤȚȈ ȕȈ șȚțȗȍȕȤ ȐșȒȈ-
ȕȐȑ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȏȕȈȕȐȧ ǰ ȏȌȍșȤ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ
șȚȖȓȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȈȓȝȐȔȐȒȖȊ ș ȊșȍȊȓȈșȚȕȣȔ Ȑ ȊșȍȏȕȈȦȡȐȔ ȒȈ-
ȚȖȓȐȞȐȏȔȖȔ ǯȈȗȈȌȕȈȧ ǭȊȘȖȗȈ ȊșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ ȥȚȖȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ țȒ-
ȘȈșȐȓȈșȤ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ ȗȈȔȧȚȕȐȒȈȔȐ Ȋ ȟȍșȚȤ ȒȈȏ-
ȕȍȕȕȣȝ, Ȉ Ȋ ȕȈȘȖȌȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȓȍ-
ȋȍȕȌȣ

197
ǹȓȑȓțȒȎ Ȝ ȥȓȞȠȓ ȞȎȕȞȡȦȎȬȧȓȚ ȟȘȎșȩ
Ǵȣ ȏȕȈȍȔ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȐȑ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȐȓȐ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȔț Ȑȏ ȊȖȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȒȖȘȕȣȝ ȊȈșșȈȓȖȊ ȧȊȓȧȓșȧ ȟȍȘȚ Ȑ
ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȓ ȘȈȏȘțȠȐȚȤ șȒȈȓț ȕȈ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȉȣȓ ȕȍ-
ȗȘȐșȚțȗȕȣȑ ȏȈȔȖȒ ȊȘȈȋȈ ȇȊȓȧȓșȧ ȟȍȘȚ Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖ-
ȔȖȟȤ ȘȈȏȘțȠȐȚȤ șȖșȍȌȕȦȦ ȋȖȘț Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȕȍȌȖșȚțȗȕȖȑ ȌȖ-
ȘȖȋț Ȓ ȝȖȓȔț ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȘȣȞȈȘȧ-ȘȈȏȉȖȑȕȐȒȈ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȍȌȖȒ
ǸȖȒȈȔȉȖȓȧ ȋȘȈȜ Ȍȍ ǪȈȓțȈȏ ȊȖȏȌȊȐȋȠȐȑ ȞȍȓțȦ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȤ
ȕȈ șȒȓȖȕȈȝ ȔȘȈȟȕȖȋȖ ǷȦȐ-ȌȖ-ǬȖȔȈ
DzȚȖ Ȏȍ ȉȣȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȟȍȘȚ" dzȍȋȍȕȌȈ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȐȓȐ ȚȍȕȤ ȊȖȏȔȖȎ-
ȕȖșȚȐ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ"
ǨȓȝȐȔȐȒȐ Ȑȏ ǷȈȘȐȎȈ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑȏț-
ȟȐȊ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȣ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȊȍȘșȐȐ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȑ ȌȍȓȈȍȔȣȝ ȟȍȘȚȖȔ
ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȗȘȐȑȚȐ Ȓ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȦ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌ ȓȐȟȐȕȖȑ
ȟȍȘȚȈ ȜȐȋțȘȐȘțȍȚ ȈȓȝȐȔȐȒ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȕȖ
ȋȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȍȓȤ ȕȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȖȗȍȘȍȌȐȊȠȐȑ
ȔȖȕȈȝȈ ǩȍȘȚȖȓȤȌȈ ȀȊȈȘȞȈ șȖșȚȈȊȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍ-
ȟȍșȚȊȈ ȘȍȞȍȗȚ ȗȖȘȖȝȈ ǶȕȐ-ȚȖ — ȥȚȐ ȉȍȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ ©ȟȍȘȚȐª
ȊȓȈȌȍȦȡȐȍ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȘȈȏȘțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ — ȉȘȖ-
ȌȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ǭȊȘȖȗȍ Ȑ șȚȈȘȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȍȕȐȍ Ȍȓȧ
șȊȖȍȋȖ ȋȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȍȒȘȍȚȈ
ǿȓȞȓȏȞȜ — ȕȜșȜȠȡ
ǹȓțȟȈȑȕȈȧ ȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȖȠȐȉȒȈ ȈȓȝȐȔȐȒȖȊ ȗȘȐȕȧȊȠȐȝ
ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȈ Ȋ șȍȘȍȉȘȍ ȏȈ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȈ
Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȗȖȊȍȓȈ Ȓ ȐȌȍȍ Ȗ ȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȖȔ ȥȓȐȒșȐȘȍ Ȗ ȗȖȐșȒȈȝ
ȏȖȓȖȚȈ Ȋ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȓ țȉȐȑșȚȊț Ȓ ȗȖȌȒțȗȈȔ ȝȐȘțȘȋȖȊ
ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȧȡȐȝ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȐ Ȑ ȚȦȘȍȔȡȐȒȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȏȈ ȝȖȘȖ-
ȠțȦ ȗȓȈȚț ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȓȐ ȓȦȉȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȈȓȝȐȔȐȒȈȔ ȗȘȐȘȍ-
ȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȈȘȍșȚȈȕȚȖȊ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑȝ șȕȈ Ȑ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȏȖ-
ȓȖȚȈ Ȑ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȖȊ ȊȍȟȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȒȘȖȊȐ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ țȎȍ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȔȍȒȐ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȈȓȝȐ-
ȔȐȒȈȔ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȚȤ șȍ-
ȘȍȉȘȖ Ȋ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ ȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȍ ȐșȚȍȒȠȍȋȖ ȊȍȒȈ ȥȚȖȚ
ȖȗȣȚ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȊȖșȗȘȖȐȏȊȍșȚȐ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȖȔț ȝȐȔȐȒț Carey-
Lea, ȗȖȒȈȏȈȊȠȍȔț ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȓțȟȈȧȝ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ șȍ-

198
ȘȍȉȘț ȗȘȐȌȈȚȤ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ șȝȖȌșȚȊȖ ș ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȚȍȕȌțȧ ȒȖ-
ȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȈ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȈ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȑ
ǨȓȝȐȔȐȒȐ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌșȚȊȖȔ ȕȍțȚȖȔȐȔȖȋȖ ǷȐȖȉȉȈ ȥȚȖȚ
șȓȖȎȕȣȑ ȖȗȣȚ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȦȚ Ȑ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȘțȒȈȝ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȑ ȗȧȚȐ-
ȜȘȈȕȒȖȊȐȒ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȈȍȚ ȊȐȌ șȖȓȐȌȕȖȑ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ
ȋȐȕȍȐ KaȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȥȚȈ ȚȈȑȕȈ Carey-Lea șȌȍȓȈȓȈșȤ ȌȖ-
șȚȖȧȕȐȍȔ ȏȓȖțȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ, Ȑ ǷȈȘȐȎ Ȋ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȚȍȒțȡȍȋȖ
ȋȖȌȈ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȊȖȌȕȍȕ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȔȐ «Șȍtits et grands Louis»...
ȗȖȌ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ
ǽȠȜșȜȚȓȓȐ ȜȑȜțȪ
— ǷȚȖȓȖȔȍȍȊ ȖȋȖȕȤ, — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȘȈȏ ȗȐȠțȡȍȔț ȥȚȐ șȚȘȖȒȐ
ǷȤȍȘ ǷȐȖȉȉ — ȥȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȘȍȊȕȧȧ ȊȍȡȤ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ șȖ-
ȉȖȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȍȑȠȐȑ ȖȗȣȚ Ƕ ȕȍȔ șȚȈȓȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ș ȚȖȋȖ ȊȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȑȏ ȊȍȕȍȞȐȈȕșȒȖȑ ȚȦȘȤȔȣ Ȋ 4 ȋȖȌț ȉȍȎȈȓ Ȉȓ-
ȝȐȔȐȒ ǷȚȖȓȖȔȍȑ ǵȐȡȐȑ țȘȖȎȍȕȍȞ ǫȘȍȞȐȐ ǷȘȖșȐȌȍȊ ȉȖ-
ȓȍȍ ȗȧȚȐ ȓȍȚ Ȋ ȚȦȘȤȔȍ Ȗȕ ȊȣȝȓȖȗȖȚȈȓ Ȍȓȧ șȍȉȧ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȗȖȓțȟȈȚȤ ȈȗȍȓȤșȐȕȕȣȍ ȓȐȔȖȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȗȖȔȍȘȈȕȞȍȊȣȍ ȒȖȘ-
ȒȐ ǰȏ ȕȐȝ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ Ȗȕ șțȔȍȓ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȓȍȚțȟȐȍ,
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȊȖșȗȓȈȔȍȕȧȦȡȐȍșȧ ȔȈșȓȈ — ȥȜȐȘȣ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȓ
ȕȍȔț ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȊȖȠȍȓ șȚȘȈȎȕȐȒ ǷȚȖȓȖȔȍȑ ȊȣȌȖȝȕțȓ Ȑȏ șȍ-
ȉȧ ȗȓȈȔȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȖșȓȍȗȐȓȖ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȗțȋȈȓȖ ȚȦȘȍȔȡȐȒȈ
ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ țȗȈȓ Ȋ ȖȉȔȖȘȖȒ ǷȚȖȓȖȔȍȑ Ȏȍ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓ ȚȦ-
ȘȤȔț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȗȐșȈȊ șȊȖȐ ȏȓȖȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ Ȋ
ǪȍȕȍȞȐȐ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȗȈșȚȤ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȊȍȕȍȞȐȈȕȞȍȊ Ȑ ȗȖȋȐȉȕțȚȤ ȖȚ
ȘțȒȐ ȗȈȓȈȟȈ Ȋ 119 ȋȖȌț.
ǴȖȐȩȓ ȒȞȎȑȜȤȓțțȩȓ ȘȎȚțȖ
ǨȓȝȐȔȐȒȐ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȓȐ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȒȘȣȊȈȍȔȣȔ șȍȒ-
ȘȍȚȖȔ ȉȣȊȠȐȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȔ ȓȐȠȤ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȔț ȟȐș-
ȓț ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȝ
«ǵȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȈȓȤȞȍ, — ȗȐȠȍȚ ȔȖȕȈȝ ǨșȚțȘȈ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȝȘȖȕȐ-
Ȓȍ ;9 ȊȍȒȈ, — ȉȣȓ ȗȍȘșȚȍȕȤ ș ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔ ȒȈȔȕȍȔ ȘȍȌȒȖȑ ȒȘȈ-
șȖȚȣ Ȑ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȧȘȒȖ șȊȍȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖ-
Țȍ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȋȓȈȏț șȖȊȣ ȐȓȐ ȒȖȠȒȐ».

199
Ǩ Ȋ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȚȘțȌȍ ǨȓȤȉȍȘȚȈ ȗȘȖȏȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ǪȍȓȐȒȐȔ
ȍșȚȤ ȒȘȈȚȒȖȍ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȊȏȧȚȤ Ȑ ȊȣȌȖȓȉȐȚȤ ȌȘȈȋȖ-
Ȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ Ȑ ȗȖȔȍșȚȐȚȤ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȒȘțȗȐȕȒț ȒȈȔȕȧ «Ȑȏ Ȏȍȓ-
ȚȖȑ ǴȈȑșȍȕșȒȖȑ ȎȐȓȣ» ȖȚȟȍȋȖ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȉțȌȍȚ Ȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȋȖ-
ȘȍȚȤ «ȒȈȒ ȗȓȈȔȧ șȊȍȚȐȓȤȕȐȒȈ».
ǨȓȝȐȔȐȒȐ ȕȈȠȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȆȎ-
ȕȖȑ ǩȖȋȍȔȐȐ ȍșȚȤ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȒ ǴȈȑșȍȕ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȋȖ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚșȧ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȏȈȓȍȎȐ țȘȈȕȐȚȈ Ț ȍ ȔȐ-
ȕȍȘȈȓȈ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȡȍȋȖ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȘȈȌȐȑ ǶȚ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȧ ȘȈȌȐȧ
ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȚ șȊȍȚȐȚȤșȧ ȊȚȖȘȐȟ-
ȕȣȔ ȕȈȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ
ǮșȣȖȚȖȘȖ-ȜȠȞȎȐȖȠȓșȖ
ǹȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȍ ȈȓȝȐȔȐȒȐ ȏȈȕȧȚȣȍ ȐȏțȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȗȣȚȖȊ șȊȖȐȝ
ȌȈȓȍȒȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȐȏȋȖȚȖȊȓȧȦȡȐȍ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȍ Ȉȓ-
ȔȈȏȣ Ȋ ȎȈȘț ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȚȖȒȈ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȌȈȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ șȖȚȍȕ
Țȣșȧȟ ȈȚȔȖșȜȍȘ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȐ ȗȘȐȟȐȕț ȗȖȋȖȓȖȊȕȖȋȖ ȐȏȉȐȍȕȐȧ
ȈȓȝȐȔȐȒȖȊ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ;9, ȊȍȒȈ
ǨȓȝȐȔȐȒȐ ǩȈȘȉȈ Ȑ DzȖșȚȈȕȍȓȓȖ Ȋ ǰȚȈȓȐȐ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓȐșȤ
ȘȍȗțȚȈȞȐȍȑ «ȐșȟȈȌȐȑ ȈȌȈª ǶȕȐ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȓȐ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȍȘ-
ȟȈȚȒȐ Ȑ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕțȦ ȔȈșȒț
Ǭȓȧ ȥȚȖȑ ȞȍȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȖȗȐȚȣȊȈȓȐ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȦ ȚȘțȗȕȣȔ ȧȌȖȔ,
ȌȖȉȣȊȈȧ ȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȔȖȋȐȓ ȒȈȏȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȝȘȈȕȧ Ȋ
ȏȖȓȖȚȣȝ ȕȈȋȓțȝȖ ȏȈȗȈȧȕȕȣȝ șȖșțȌȈȝ ȝȘȈȕȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ț ȕȐȝ ȕȈ
ȋȘțȌȐ Ǭȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȧȌ ȗȘȖȕȐȒ Ȋ ȒȘȖȊȤ ǩȈȘȉȈ Ȑ DzȖș-
ȚȈȕȍȓȓȖ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȦȦ ȟȈșȚȤ ȗȍȘȟȈȚȖȒ Ȑ ȔȈșȒȐ ȖȉșȣȗȈȓȐ ȊȖ-
ȓȖșȒȈȔȐ Ȏȋțȟȍȑ ȒȘȈȗȐȊȣ Ȑ ȊȣȘȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ ț ȗȟȍȓ Ȑ Ȗș ȎȈȓȈ-
ȔȐ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȈȧ Ȋ ȚȍȓȖ ȕȍșȓȐ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐȞȣ șȔȍȘ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȧȌȈ
ǮșȣȖȚȖȭ ȏȡȒȡȧȓȑȜ
ǺȈȒȖȊȣ ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȐȧ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȈȓȝȐȔȐȒȖȊ Ȋ ȖȉȓȈșȚȐ
ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ ȖȚȎȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȡțȗȤȦ
ȕȈțȋȈȌ ǴȕȖȋȖ ȚȘȖȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȔȘȈȟȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȐșȒȈȕȐȧȝ
ȥȚȐȝ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ țȔȍȘȠȐȝ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȍȑ Ȑ ȝȖȚȧ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȔȍȚȖ-
ȌȈȝ Ȑ ȏȈȌȈȟȈȝ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȖȉȡȍȋȖ ș șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕ-

ȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȐȍȔȈȔȐ ȕȈțȟȕȖȋȖ ȈȕȈȓȐȏȈ Ȑ șȐȕȚȍȏȈ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȥȚȖ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȕȖȔ ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȍ ș ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȔ
ǶȉȡȍȋȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ǰ ȥȚȈ ȖȉȡȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȟțȊșȚȊȍ ȕȍșȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚȊȈ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȕȐȧ, Ȋ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȍ Ȓ ȐșȚȐȕȍ
ǹȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȈȔ ȈȓȝȐȔȐȒȐ Ț ȍ ȝȐȔȐȒȐ ȕȍ țȔȍȡȈȦ-
ȡȐȍșȧ șȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȕȈțȟȕȣȔȐ ȏȈȗȘȖșȈȔȐ Ȋ ȘȈȔȒȈȝ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȝ
ȔȍȚȖȌȖȊ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȐȏțȟȐȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȈȒ ȎȐȊțȦ ȒȖ-
ȓȖȕȐȦ șțȡȍșȚȊ ȊȣȘȈȉȈȚȣȊȈȦȡȐȝ ȊȏȈȐȔȕȖ ȕțȎȕȣȍ Ȍȓȧ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȚȤșȧ ȗȍȘȍșȖȏȌȈȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȘȖȌȐȚȤ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒȈ, șȖȏȌȈȊ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȖȊȣȍ țșȓȖȊȐȧ ȗȐȚȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȈȚȔȖșȜȍȘȣ
Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȏȈȌȈȟȐ ȈȓȝȐȔȐȧ ȉțȌțȡȍȋȖ.
ǰȏțȟȐȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȗȖșȖȉȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȓ ȐȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǫȌȍ
șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȥȚȈ ȕȖȊȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ"
ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȈ ȓțȕȍ ȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȐȕȖȑ ȗȓȈȕȍȚȍ ȒțȌȈ Ȋȍ-
ȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȕȍșȍȚ ȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȑȏ ȕȈș ȊșȍȗȖȉȍȎȌȈȦȡȐȑ ȋȍ-
ȕȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȊ ȒȈȒ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ, ȒȘȖȊȤ ȏȈ ȏȕȈ-
ȕȐȍ...

ǹdzDZdzǻDzȉ Ƕ ǽǼǰdzǾȊȍ
Ǽ DzǾǮDZǼȄdzǻǻȉȃ ǸǮǺǻȍȃ

202
Ǫ ȎȍȔȟțȋȈȝ Ȑ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȐȝ ȒȈȔȕȧȝ ȏȍȔȓȐ șȖȒȘȣȚȈ
ȚȈȑȕȈȧ șȐȓȈ ȏȊȍȏȌ (Tabula smaragdina)
ǫȍȘȔȍș
I
ǫȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȑ ȝȐȔȐȒ ǴȈȘșȍȓȤ ǩȍȘȚȍȓȖ Ȑȏț-
ȟȈȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ ȝȐȔȐȐ ș ȌȘȍȊȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ Ȑ ȌȖ ȕȈȠȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ,
țȌȍȓȐȓ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȈȓȝȐȔȐȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȊȠȍȑ, ȔȍȎȌț ȗȘȖ-
ȟȐȔ, Ȑ Ȗ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȈȔȕȧȝ ȒȈȒ Ȗ ȕȖșȐȚȍȓȧȝ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ șȐȓȣ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȈ1.
Ǫ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖȋȖ țȟȍȕȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȣ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȖȑ șȊ ǮȍȕȍȊȤȍȊȣ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕ-
ȕȍȑȠȐȍ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȣ ȧșȕȖ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȧȦȡȐȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȌȘȍȊ-
ȕȖșȚȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȊȍȒȖȊ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕșȚȊȈ Ȑ ǹȘȍȌȕȍȊȍȒȖȊȤȧ ȕȈ ȌȘȈ-
ȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȐȋȘȈȊȠȐȍ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȝ
ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȖ Ȑ ȕȈȘȖȌȖȊ ȗȖȌȟȈș ȊȈȎȕțȦ ȘȖȓȤ.
ǻȟȍȕȣȍ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚȈȚȖȘȣ Ȑ ȔȣșȓȐȚȍȓȍ Țȍȝ ȥȗȖȝ Ȋ ȗȖȐ-
șȒȈȝ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȎȌȍȕȐȑ șȖȏȌȈȊȈȍȔȣȝ ȐȔȐ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȑ Ȗ
ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ Ȑ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȐ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ ȗȘȐȉȍȋȈ-
ȓȐ Ȓ ȔȍȚȈȜȐȏȐȒȍ Ȉ ȍȡȍ ȟȈȡȍ Ȓ ȚȍȔ ȚțȔȈȕȕȣȔ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȐȧȔ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȣ ȗȍȘȍȓȐȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȖȋȕȧȔȐ Ȑ șȗȖȘȧȡȐȍ șȖ
șȊȍȚȖȔ șȖȓȕȞȈ șȈȔȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ, ȖȒțȗȈȍȔȣȍ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȥȗȖȝ Ȑ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈȘȖȌȖȊ
ǵȈȐȉȖȓȤȠȍȍ ȟȐșȓȖ ȓȍȋȍȕȌ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȑ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȝ ș ȌȘȈ-
ȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȔȕȧȔȐ ȌȈȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊț ȊȖșȚȖȒ ǨȏȐȐ ȋȌȍ ȘȈ-
ȕȍȍ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȉȣȓȐ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȚȖȔ
ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȍȑȠȐȍ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ǷȖȊȚȖȘȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȐȝ Ȏȍ ȓȍȋȍȕȌ ȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤ Ȋ DzȐȚȈȍ ț ȉțȘȧȚ ȕȈ ǩȈȑȒȈȓȤșȒȖȔ ȖȏȍȘȍ Ȑ ȕȈ
ǻȘȈȓȍ ȒțȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȏȈȕȍșȍȕȣ ȒȐȘȋȐȏȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ǺȐȉȍȚȈ
ǩȍȘȚȍȓȖ ȐȏțȟȈȧ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȣ ȌȍȓȐȚ Ȑȝ ȕȈ ȌȊȍ ȋȘțȗ-
ȗȣ ȐȕȌȖ-ȗȍȘșȐȌșȒțȦ Ȑ ȐȕȌȖ-ȒȐȚȈȑșȒțȦ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ Ȋ Ȗȉȍ ȋȘțȗ-
ȗȣ ȊȝȖȌȧȚ ȔȐȜȣ Ȗ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȊȖȌȍ Ȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ șȚȘȈ-
1 M. Berthelot. «Les origines de l’alchimie». Paris, 1885.

203
șȚȧȝ ȒȈȒ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȈȝ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȝ ȊȕȍȠȕȦȦ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤ-
ȕțȦ
 Ȑ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȦȦ ȌțȝȖȊȕțȦ
 ȎȐȏȕȤ.
Ɋɢɫ  ©ɑɟɪɬɨɜɚ ɫɤɚɥɚª ɜ Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɦ Ɍɚɝɚɧɚɟ ɧɚ ɍɪɚɥɟ
II
ǻ Ȋșȍȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȣ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȖșȖȉȣȔ ȗȖȟȍȚȖȔ
ȉȣȓȖ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȖ ș Ȗ ȓ ȕ Ȟ ȍ ȒȈȒ șȐȓȈ ȌȈȦȡȈȧ ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȔȐ-
Șț ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȑ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔț Ȑ șȈȔȣȑ ȘȍȌȒȐȑ Ȑȏ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ
— ȈȓȔȈȏ — ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕ șȖȓȕȞț ǷȖ-ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐ ȈȓȔȈȏ — ©ǮȐȚȖ-
ȠȐ-ȚȖª, ©ȒȈȔȍȕȤ-șȖȓȕȞȍª — ȌȈȎȍ ȕȖșȐȚ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȋȖ
șȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȕȈȠȍȑ șȐșȚȍȔȣ Ȉ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȍ șȓȈȊȧȕȍ ȗȖșȊȧȚȐȓȐ șȖȓȕ-
Ȟț ȗȘȐȊȖȏȐȔȣȑ ©ȖȚ ȊȈȘȧȋȖȊª ȈȊȈȕȚȦȘȐȕȖȊȣȑ ȗȖȓȍȊȖȑ ȠȗȈȚ,
ȕȈȏȊȈȊ ȍȋȖ ©șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȔ ȒȈȔȕȍȔª ǻ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȐȝ ȗȓȍȔȍȕ ț
ȎȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȑ ǴȍȒșȐȒȐ Ȑ ț ȈȊșȚȘȈȓȐȑȞȍȊ șȖȓȕȞț ȗȖșȊȧ-
ȡȍȕ ȖȗȈȓ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȑ ȗȓȐ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȕȖȋȖȞȊȍȚ
 ǻ ȕȈ-
ȘȖȌȖȊ ȚȦȘȒșȒȖȑ ȋȘțȗȗȣ Ȋ ȟȍșȚȤ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȐȔȍȕțȦȚ ©ȓțȟȐșȚȣ-
ȔȐ ȝȘțșȚȈȓȧȔȐª ȚȖȗȈȏȣ Ȑ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȍ ȒȊȈȘȞȣ
ǶȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ ǺȘȖȧȕșȒȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ
ȉȣȓȖ țȎȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ ȒȘȐșȚȈȓȓȖȊ ȓȦ-
ȉȐȔȣ ȉȖȋȐȕȍȑ ǼȍȔȐȌȖȑ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȒȊȈȘȞȣ ș ȊȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧȔȐ

204
ȏȍȓȍȕȖȋȖ ȈȔȐȈȕȚȈ ǰȏ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ ȖșȖȉȖ ȗȖȟȐȚȈȍȔȣȍ ȎȘȍ-
Ȟȣ Ȑ șțȌȤȐ ȕȖșȐȓȐ ȈȔțȓȍȚȣ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȟȕȐȒȈ șȚȘȍȓȣ
ǺȈȒȖȑ ȈȔțȓȍȚ ȌȍȓȈȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȉȍșșȚȘȈșȚȕȣȔ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖșȖ-
ȉȍȕȕȖ ȊȈȎȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȓȐȞ ȟȐȕȧȡȐȝ șțȌ Ȑ ȘȈșȗȘȈȊț ǻ ȈȘȝȖȕȚȖȊ
ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ Ȋ ȖșȖȉȖ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ Ȍȓȧ ȊȐșȍȓȐ ȌȖȡȍȟȒȐ ș
ȈȔțȓȍȚȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ȒȊȈȘȞȈ ȗȘȖȕȐȏȈȕȕȖȋȖ ©ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ ǼȍȔȐȌȣª
ȏȍȓȍȕȖȊȈȚȣȔȐ ȎȐȓȒȈȔȐ ȈȔȐȈȕȚȈ
ǰ Ȋ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȔ ǸȐȔȍ șȘȍȌȐ ȎȘȍȞȖȊ Ȑ ȞȈȘȍȑ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓȐșȤ
ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȗȖȟȍȚȖȔ ȈȔțȓȍȚȣ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ ȗȖȌ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ©Ȋȍȕȍ-
ȘȐȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȖșª.
Ɋɢɫ  Ɉɫɬɪɢɟ ɢɡɥɭɱɚɟɦɨɟ ɚɥɦɚɡɨɦ
ȅȚȖ ȒțșȒȐ ȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȖȋȖ ȒȊȈȘȞȈ ș ȗȘȖȎȐȓȒȈȔȐ ȔȐ-
ȕȍȘȈȓȈ — ȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ȘțȚȐȓȈ ȗȘȐȊȖȏȐȔȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȐȔȟȐȊȣ-
ȔȐ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ ȐȓȐ ȊȖȐȕȈȔȐ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ șȍȊȍȘȕȣȝ ȗȖȝȖȌȖȊ Ȑȏ
ȏȍȔȓȐ ȋȈȓȓȖȊ ǶȉȐȓȐȍ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȈȔțȓȍȚȖȊ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ Ȑș-
ȟȍȏȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ Ȑȝ ȒțȓȤȚȈ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓȐșȤ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ ǾȍȏȈȘȧ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȗȖȉȍȌȖȕȖșȕȣȍ ȊȖȐȕȣ ȘȐȔșȒȐȝ ȓȍȋȐȖȕȖȊ ȗȘȐȊȍȏȓȐ Ȑȏ ȏȍ-
ȔȍȓȤ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȖ Ȗȉȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ǨȓȤȗȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȝȘȍȉȚȈ
ȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȖȋȖ ȝȘțșȚȈȓȧ ș ȒȘțȗȕȣȔȐ ȊȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȗȖ-
șȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȝ ȔȐȕȍȘȈȓȖȊ
ǪȍșȤȔȈ ȗȖțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣ ȌȊȈ ȐȕȌȐȑșȒȐȝ ȔȐȜȈ Ȗ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȐ ȈȓȔȈȏȈ Ȑ ȖȗȈȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȖȊ ȖȉȖȎȍșȚȊȓȍȕȐȧ șȖȓȕ-

205
ȞȈ Ǫ ȒȕȐȋȍ ©ǵȈȘȌȘȈȏȈȘȈȕª 1 ȍșȚȤ ȗȍșȕȧ ©ǸȈȌȎȔȈȕȈȥȓȤ-
ȒȖȓȤª ȋȌȍ ȞȍȓȐȒȖȔ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȍȚșȧ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȑ ȋȘȍȟȍșȒȐȑ ȔȐȜ Ȗ
ǷȘȖȔȍȚȍȍ ȗȖȝȐȚȐȚȍȓȍ ȕȍȉȍșȕȖȋȖ Ȗȋȕȧ
«ǵȍȒȐȑ ȔțȎ ǺțȓțȊ Ȑȏ ȊȖȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȓȍȔȍȕȐ “ȉȘȈȋțȐ”,
— ȗȖȊȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȔȐȜ — ȌȍȘȏȕțȓ ȊșȚțȗȐȚȤ Ȋ ȉȖȑ ș ǪȍȓȐȒȐȔ ǹȚȘȈ-
ȎȍȔ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȦȡȐȔ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȍ ǫȐșȓ-ǵȋȈȘȈ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȗȣ-
ȓȈȦȡȐȑ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȘȖȕȖȔ ǪșȍȊȓȈșȚȍȓȐȕȈ ǺțȓțȊ șȊȍȘȋȕțȓ ǹȚȘȈ-
ȎȈ Ȋ ȋȖȘȕțȦ ȘȈșșȍȓȐȕț Ȑ șȝȊȈȚȐȊ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȗȖȕȍș ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȌȖȓȐ-
ȕȣ Ȑ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȧ șȊȖȍȑ ȘȖȌȐȕȣ ǵȖ ǪșȍȊȓȈșȚȍȓȐȕ ȗȖșȓȈȓ ȏȈ Ǻț-
ȓțȊȖȔ Ȋ ȗȖȋȖȕȦ ȏȓȣȝ ȌțȝȖȊ — ȌȖȘȖȊ — Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȕȈșȚȐȋȓȐ ȍȋȖ
Ȋ țȏȒȖȔ țȡȍȓȤȍ Ǫ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȑ șȍȟȍ ș ȌȖȘȈȔȐ ǺțȓțȊ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ
șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȘȈȕț ȕȖ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ șȌȈȚȤșȧ ȊȘȈȋȈȔ Ȑ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ
șȊȖȍȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȚțȠȐȚȤ ȗȖȝȐȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȍȉȍșȕȣȑ ȖȋȖȕȤ ǰ ȒȈȎ-
ȌȈȧ ȒȈȗȓȧ ȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȗȈȌȈȧ ȕȈ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȚȊȍȘ-
Ȍȣȑ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ș ȋȖȘȧȡȐȔȐ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȖȋȕȧȔȐ ȅȚȐ ȒȈȔȕȐ
ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȏȈȗȘȧȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȕȖ Ȑȝ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚ ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ ȊȔȍ-
șȚȍ ș ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȖȔ ȗȖȓțȟȈȦȚ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ șȐȓț Ȑ șȟȈșȚȤȍ».
ǹȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȋȖ ȔȐȜȈ șȓțȎȐȚ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȑ ȔȐȜ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȖ ȐȏȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ Tiffoldon’oȔ
ȗȖ șȈȕșȒȘȐȚșȒȐȔ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȈȔ Ȑ Scheprhasen’ȖȔ 2 ȗȖ ȗȍȘșȐȌ-
șȒȐȔ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈȔ ©ȈȋȈhª Ǫ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ©țȗȈȕȐȠȈȌª ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚșȧ
ȟȚȖ ȊȖȐȕ Ȑ ȗȍȊȍȞ ǴȈȋȝȈ ȗȖȝȐȚȐȊ ȖȋȖȕȤ Ȑ ȗȖȋȐȉȈȧ ȗȖȌ țȌȈ-
ȘȈȔȐ ©ȌȖȘȖȊª ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȓȐȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȗȖȝȐȡȍȕ-
ȕȖȍ ȗȓȈȔȧ Ȑ țȔȐȘȈȧ ȗȘȐȏȊȈȓ Ȋ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȑ șȊȖȍȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȋ
ȉȖȘȤȉȍ ȏȈ ȉȓȈȋȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȌȖȉȘȣȝ ȋȍȕȐȍȊ, DzȈȓȐȈȕ ǶȌȕȈ Ȑȏ DzȈ-
ȓȐȈȕ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈȧ ǬȎȈȌȌȈ ȗȖȓȦȉȐȓȈ țȔȐȘȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȋȍȘȖȧ Ȑ
ȋȖȘȤȒȖ ȖȗȓȈȒȐȊȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȕȟȐȕț ǭȍ ȗȈȌȈȦȡȐȍ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ
șȓȍȏȣ ȒȈȔȍȕȍȓȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȗȍȘȍșȍȓȐȓȈșȤ ȟȈșȚȤ Ȗȋȕȧ Ȑȏ ȈȓȔȈ-
ȏȖȊ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍȌȠȐȝ ȖȚ ȒȘȖȊȐ ǴȈȚȝȐ ǺțȓțȊȈ
 Ȑ ȕȍȉȍșȕȖȋȖ
ȗȓȈȔȍȕȐ ȗȖȝȐȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȐȔ ȅȚȐ ȖȒȈȔȍȕȍȊȠȐȍ șȓȍȏȣ — ȖȗȈȓȣ.
_____
1 «The Indian Cults of Extensivity». Boldt, 1906.
2 CM. Schroder, «Gruhdriss des Indo-arisɫh. Philologie», 1899.

206
III
Ǫ ȗȍȘșȐȌșȒȖȔ ȕȈȘȖȌȍ ȌȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ șȖȝȘȈȕȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȖȟȍȕȤ șȚȈȘȖȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ȖȗȈȓȈ ©ȒȈȔȍȕȤ
Ȗȋȕȍȕȕȣȝ șȓȍȏª
Ɋɢɫ  ©Ⱦɶɹɜɨɥɨɜɵ ɩɟɳɟɪɵª — ɝɪɨɬ Ⱦɟɥɶ-ɋɨɥɶɜɟɧɟɰ ɜ Ȼɪɚɡɢɥɢɢ
Ǫ ȝȘȈȔȍ ǩȍȑȚȈ-Ȍȏȣ Ȋ ǴțȒȌȍȕȍ Ȋ ȏȈȗȈȌȕȖȑ șȚȍȕȍ ȊȌȍȓȈȕ
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ș ȊȣȘȍȏȈȕȕȣȔ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȐȔȐȚȐȊ-
ȕȣȔ Ȉ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȔ ȘȐșțȕȒȖȔ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȦ-
ȡȐȔ șȚȖȓȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȌȊțȝ șȊȍȚȐȓ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȖȌȕȖ — șȖȓȕȞȍ
ǽțȌȖȎȕȐȒ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȚ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜȍ
ȖȚȓȍȚȍȓ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȌȖȎȌȤ ȖșȒȖȓȒȖȊ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȖȕȐ țȗȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ
ȗȘȖȎȋȓȐ ȍȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ țȠȓȐ Ȋ ȕȍȌȘȈ ȏȍȔȓȐ ǭș-
ȓȐ șȖȗȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȘȐșțȕȒȖȔ ȓȍȋȍȕȌț Ȗ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȖȔ ȒȈȔ-
ȕȍ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ Delbrück, ȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȐȔȐ
ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ Ȑ ȚȍșȕțȦ șȊȧȏȤ ǷȖ ȥȚȖȑ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȍ, Ȋ ȚȘȍ-
ȚȐȑ ȋȖȌ ȞȈȘșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȕȈȌ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȔ Ƿȥ-ǹȐȕȍȔ 1 ȌȐȕȈșȚȐȐ ǴȐȕ-
1 Ʉɢɬɚɟɦ

207
ǹȐȚ-ǨȑȚȖ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȡȍȑșȧ ȕȈ ȋȘȈȕȐ ȔȐȜȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ Ȋșȍ
ȕȈȘȖȌȣ ȉȣȓȐ țșȚȘȈȠȍȕȣ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣȔ ȕȍȉȍșȕȣȔ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ,
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ țȗȈȓȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȚȍȓȖ ȊȣȏȊȈȊȠȍȍ ȊȏȘȣȊȣ ȕȈ
ȧȘȒȖȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ șȊȍȚȐȓȈ ǶșȒȖȓȒȐ ȍȋȖ țȗȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȑ
ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ©ȎȐȚȖ-ȠȐ-ȚȖª Ț ȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȐȓȐ Ȉȓ-
ȔȈȏȣ
Ǫ ǩȍȘȍȏȖȊșȒȖȑ ȌȈȟȍ ȕȈ ǻȘȈȓȍ ȒȈȒ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȕȈȑȌȍȕȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȔȍȓȒȐȝ ȕȖ Ȋȍ-
șȤȔȈ ȟȐșȚȖȑ ȊȖȌȣ ȈȓȔȈȏȖȊ ȗȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȈȔ ȕȍ țșȚț-
ȗȈȦȡȐȝ ȒȈȗșȒȐȔ Ȑ ȉȘȈȏȐȓȤșȒȐȔ șȖȘȚȈȔ ǰ șȘȍȌȐ ȔȍșȚȕȣȝ
șȚȈȘȖȎȐȓȖȊ ȌȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓșȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ Ȗ
ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȚțȏȍȔȍȞ-ȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȐȒ Ȋ ȗȖȐșȒȈȝ ȏȖȓȖ-
ȚȈ ȗȘȐȏȊȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ȕȍȟȐșȚțȦ șȐȓț1 ǬȍȓȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȔȘȈȟ-
ȕȣȝ țȡȍȓȤȧȝ ǩȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ǺȈȋȈȕȈȧ ȏȈ ©ǶȚȒȓȐȒȕȣȔ ǫȘȍȉȕȍȔª
ǺțȏȍȔȍȞ ȊȌȘțȋ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȋȖȘȌȍ-
ȓȐȊȖ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȕȈ șȒȈȓȍ ǻȌȈȘȖȔ ȋȘȖȔȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ Țț-
ȏȍȔȞț șȓȖȊȈ ȊȍȓȐȒȈȕȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȕȈȏȊȈȓ ȍȔț ȘȍȟȒț ǩȐșȒȈȚ-
ǨȑȔȈȚ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȚȈȔ ©ȐșȒȘȣ șȖȓȕȞȈª — Ȉȓ-
ȔȈȏȣ ǹȒȈȓȈ ȥȚȈ Ȑ ȌȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ șȚȈ-
ȘȖȎȐȓȈȔȐ ȏȈ ©ǶȚȒȓȐȒȕȣȔ ǫȘȍȉȕȍȔª ȘȐș 

ǹȘȍȌȐ ȍȋȐȗȍȚșȒȐȝ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕ ȍșȚȤ ȖȌȕȖ ȕȈȐȔȍȕȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȋȖ ǴȍȕȒȈțȘȈ — ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȚȊȍȘȌȖȋȖ șȖȓȕȞȈ2 — ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȗȖ
ȖȉȡȍȗȘȐȕȧȚȖȔț ȚȖȓȒȖȊȈȕȐȦ ȍȋȐȗȚȖȓȖȋȖȊ — ȈȓȔȈȏ ǮȘȍȞȣ
ȔȍȔȜȐșșȒȖȋȖ ȚȖȓȒȈ ȗȘȐȗȐșȣȊȈȓȐ ȥȚȖȔț ȒȈȔȕȦ ȟțȌȍșȕȖȍ
șȊȖȑșȚȊȖ ©țȎȈșȖȔ țșȣȗȓȧȚȤª ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ǭȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȖ Brug-
sch¶ț
 ȈȓȔȈȏ ȒȓȈȓȐ Ȋ ȧȡȐȒ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ ȗȘȐȊȖ-
ȏȐȔȖȑ Ȑȏ ǺȍȑȌȖȉȣ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȕȈ ȞȍȓțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȖȊȖ-
ȓțȕȐȧ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȊșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ Ȋ șȚȍȕț șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ Ȑ ȊȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȍȓȧ ȖȗȣȚȈ
ǶșȚȈȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓ ȟȚȖ
Ȑȏ țȋȓȈ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ș ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤȦ șȚȘȍ-
ȔȐȚșȧ ȧȘȒȖȍ ȖșȚȘȐȍ ȘȐș -ȑ
 Ǫ țȎȈșȍ Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ ȕȍȗȖȌ-
ȊȐȎȕȣȔ ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȕ ȜȈȘȈȖȕ ǨȔȍȕȖȔȝȈȈȚ
1 Ƚɪɟɛɟɰɤɢɣ ɂ Ɉ ©ɍɪɚɥ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɟª
2 Brugsch, ȿ ©Aegyptologie».

208
III, ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȕțȚȣȑ ȔțȟȍȕȐȧȔ ȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȚȘȈȝȈ, ȗȖșȓȍ ȟȍ-
ȋȖ Ȗȕ ȖȕȍȔȍȓ 1.
Ɋɢɫ  ȼɢɞ ɥɭɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɝɚɞɚɧɢɢ ©ɝɚɛª
Ǫ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈțȒȈ ȌȈȓȈ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȖȔț ©ȟțȌȍș-
ȕȖȔțª ȧȊȓȍȕȐȦ ǯȍȔȓȧ Ȑȏ ǺȍȑȌȖȉȣ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȘȈȌȐȖ-
ȈȒȚȐȊȕȖȑ Ȉ ȒȈȒ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȓțȟȐ ȘȈȌȐȧ Ȑ ȚȖȘȐȧ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȦȚ
Ȋ ȈȓȔȈȏȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȈȔȕȧȝ șȊȍȟȍȕȐȍ
IV
Ǿȍȓȣȑ ȘȧȌ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ ȗȖ ȖȌȕȖȔț șȊȖȍȔț ȊȐȌț, ȌȈȓ ȗȖȊȖȌ Ȓ
șȖȏȌȈȕȐȦ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȣ Ȗ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ Ȑȝ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ ǺȈȒȖȊȣ
șȐȕȐȍ Ȑ ȋȖȓțȉȣȍ șȈȗȜȐȘȣ ȈȒȊȈȔȈȘȐȕȣ Ȑ ȈȔȍȚȐșȚȣ ǰȝ
ȞȊȍȚ Ȑ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȖșȚȤ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȚ ȊȖȌț ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȖȚȚȍȕ-
ȒȖȊ
1 Meltier, H. «Aegyptologie».

209
Ɋɢɫ  Ƚɪɨɡɹɳɚɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɤɥɢɧɚɸɳɚɹ ɪɭɤɚ ɜɢɞɢɦɚɹ
ɫɤɜɨɡɶ ɢɡɭɦɪɭɞ
ǩȘȈȏȐȓȤșȒȈȧ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȍȡȍ ȌȖ DzȖȓțȔ-
ȉȈ Ȑ ȌȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȈ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȍȊ ș ǵȖȊȣȔ ǹȊȍȚȖȔ Ȋ ǩȘȈ-
ȏȐȓȐȦ ȗȘȐȉȣȓ ȕȈ ȟȍȓȕȍ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȔȍȟȖȔ ț
ȗȖȧșȈ Ȑ ȏȓȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȝțȌȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȘȖȟȕȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ — ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȈ ǷȘȐȠȍȓȍȞ ȉȣȓ ȟțȎȍșȚȘȈȕȞȍȔ Ȑ ȚțȏȍȔȞȣ ȉȖȧ-
ȓȐșȤ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȐȏȉȍȋȈȓȐ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȑȝ ȧȏȣȒȖȔ Ȑ țȔȍȓ ȗȘȖ-
ȕȐȒȕțȚȤ ȗȖȊșȦȌț ȋȌȍ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȈșȤ ȚȖȓȗȈ ǿțȎȍȏȍȔȍȞ ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȓ ȟȚȖ șȒȖȘȖ ȗȘȐȉțȌțȚ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȔȖȘȧ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȍșțȚ
ș șȖȉȖȑ ȕȖȊțȦ ȊȍȘț Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ țȉȐȊȈȦȚ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑ ȎȋțȚ
șȍȓȍȕȐȧ Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȈȓ ȌȈȚȤ ȖȚȗȖȘ ȗȘȐȠȍȓȤȞȈȔ Ȑ ȉȖȘȖȚȤșȧ
ș ȕȖȊȖȑ ȊȍȘȖȑ Ǩ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕșȒȐȍ ȔȖȕȈȝȐ Ȑ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓȐ ȗȘȖȗȖȊȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ șȓȖȊȖ ǩȖȎȐȍ ȟțȎȍșȚȘȈȕȍȞ șȖșȒȖȟȐȓ ș
ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ șȒȈȓȣ Ȋ ȔȍȘȍ Ȑ țȠȍȓ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȌț ǰ ȖȚ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȖȚ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȖȚȝȓȣȕțȓ ȖȒȍȈȕ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ
ǶșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȘȐȉȘȍȎȕȣȍ ȗȍȡȍȘȣ (ȋȘȖȚȣ ǬȍȓȤ-ǹȖȓȤ-
ȊȍȕȍȞ
 ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȐȌțȡȐȍ ȗȖȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ Ȉ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ
șȓȍȌȣ ȉȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ȊȖȓȕ Ȉ ȕȈ șȊȖȌȈȝ — șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȐȍ ȒȈȗ-
ȓȧ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȒȈȔȍȕȍȊȠȍȑ ȊȖȌȣ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ șȈȗȜȐȘȣ ȈȒȊȈȔȈ-

210
ȘȐȕȣ șȐȕȐȍ ȉȍȘȐȓȓȣ Ȑ ȜȐȖȓȍȚȖȊȣȍ ȈȔȍȚȐșȚȣ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȝ Ȋ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȒȖȘȖȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȐșȤ ȘȈȏȌȖȘȣ ȔȍȎȌț Țț-
ȏȍȔȞȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȠȍȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȍ ȉȖȐ ȐȏȔȍȕȈ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȈ-
ȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ș ȖȉȍȐȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ǺȈȒ ȖȚȖȔșȚȐȓ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȠȍȓȍȞ
ȏȈ ȕȍȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȍȔț Ȑ ȏȈ ȖȚȒȈȏ ȚțȏȍȔȞȍȊ ǩȘȈȏȐȓȐȐ ȉȖ-
ȘȖȚȤșȧ ș ȊȍȘȖȑ ǽȘȐșȚȖȊȖȑ ȐȉȖ ȉȣȓ ȥȚȖ ȌȤȧȊȖȓ ȘȐș -ȑ
1.
ǹ ȥȚȖȑ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȖȑ șȝȖȌȕȣ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȣ Ȗ șȊȧȏȐ ȟțȊșȚȊ ȓȦȌȍȑ
Ȑ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ ǩȍȏ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȤȠȍȍ ȟȐșȓȖ ȓȍ-
ȋȍȕȌ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚșȧ Ȓ ȘțȉȐȕț — ȒȈȔȕȦ ȒȘȖȊȐ Ȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȑ Ȓ ȐȏțȔ-
ȘțȌț — ȒȈȔȕȦ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȐ Ȑ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȐ
Ǫșȍ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȐȧ ȒȈȒ ȐȕȌȖ-ȗȍȘșȐȌșȒȖȑ, ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȐȕȌȖ-ȒȐȚȈȑ-
șȒȖȑ ȋȘțȠ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȔȍȎȌț șȖȉȖȑ șȝȖȌȕȣ — Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȟȚȖ
ȥȚȐ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȒȈȒ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȘȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȗȘȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȟȍ ȌȊțȝ ȕȈȟȈȓ — ȕȍȉȍșȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ, — Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ,
Schiffier ȊȐȌȐȚ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȣ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȌȊțȝ ȗȖȓȈȝ
ȌȘțȋȐȍ șȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ȗȖȊȍșȚȊțȦȚ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȘțȉȐȕȣ — ȥȚȖ ȒȈȗ-
ȓȐ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȗȘȖȓȐȚȖȑ ȗȖ ȍȋȐȗȍȚșȒȖȔț ȔȐȜț ȊȍȓȐȒȐȔ ǸȈ
țȉȐȊȠȐȔ ȏȈ ȕȍȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȍȔț șȊȖȍȋȖ ȊȕțȒȈ Ȁț
Ǫ ȍȋȐȗȍȚșȒȐȝ ȗȈȗȐȘțșȈȝ Ȑ ȕȈ ȋȓȐȕȧȕȣȝ ȗȓȈșȚȐȕȈȝ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȟȈȍȚșȧ ȘȧȌ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȑ ȕȈ șȗȖșȖȉ ȋȈȌȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȘțȉȐ-
ȕȈ
«ǪȣȑȌȐȚȍ Ȋ ȕȖȟȤ ȗȖȓȕȖȓțȕȐȧ, — ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȐȚ Ǫrugsch2
ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȗȖȊȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȑ — ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȔȖȘȧ Ȑ ȖȚȌȈȑȚȍ
șȊȖȦ ȓȖȌȒț ȊȖ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ȊȖȓȕ ȗȘȐȓȐȊȈ Ȑ ȖȚȓȐȊȈ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ
șȒȘȖȍȚșȧ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȕȈȊȍȌȐȚȍ ȕȈ ȧȘȒțȦ ȓțȕț ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȒȈ-
ȔȍȕȤ “ȋȈȉ”3 Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȐȚȍ ȚȘȐȎȌȣ șȓȖȊȖ “ǸȈ” Ǫȣ țȏȕȈȍȚȍ
ȚȖȋȌȈ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȓȦȉȐȔȣ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȓȖȔ ȓȐȒȍ ȓțȕȣ ȏȈȒȖ-
ȗȖȠȈȚșȧ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȗȧȚȕȈ Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȏțȦȚ ȌȊȍ ȗȘȐȗȈȊȠȐȍ ȌȘțȋ Ȓ
ȌȘțȋț ȋȖȓȖȊȣª (ȘȐș4-ȑ).
ǰȏ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ǵȍȘȖȕ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȓȖȘȕȍȚȈ țȗȖ-
ȚȘȍȉȓȧȓ ȠȓȐȜȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȐȏțȔȘțȌ ǺȈȒȖȍ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȍȕȐȍ ȐȏțȔ-
ȘțȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȔ ȕȖ ȐȔȍȓȖ ȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȐȧ-
ȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȤȧȔȐ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȍ
1 Pablo Lopez. «Historia Americana Christianismi», 1775.
2 Brugsch, ȿ ©Aegyptologie».
3 Mornier ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɝɚɛ — ɷɬɨ ɪɭɛɢɧ

211
ǯȈȕȍșȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ Ȑȏ ǰȕȌȐȐ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȐȍ ȋȓȈșȐȚ ȟȚȖ,
ȍșȓȐ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȚȤ ȕȈ țȝȖȌȧȡȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȐȏțȔȘțȌ ȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȏȓȖțȔȣȠȓȧȍȚ Ȗȕ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ ǵȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ȊȐȌȕȈ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȋȘȖȏȧȡȈȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȦȡȈȧ ȘțȒȈ ȘȐș. 5-ȑ
1.
Ɋɢɫ  ©Ȼɥɟɫɤ ɝɪɚɧɢ ɠɢɡɧɢª ɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɩɚɞɨɱɧɵɯ
ɢɡɭɦɪɭɞɚɦɢ ɜ ɋɢɚɦɟ
ǩȥȓȤșȜȖȘȌ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȐ ȗȖ ǹȐȈȔț ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȍȚ
(«The Adventure of Siam», 1885), ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȗȈȋȖȌ ȉȖȕ-
ȏȣ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐ ȒțȓȤȚ ȐȏțȔȘțȌȈ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȍȋȖ ©ȉȓȍșȒȖȔ ȋȘȈ-
ȕȐ ȎȐȏȕȐª Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȝȘȈȔȍ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȧȚ ȐșȞȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȗȈ-
ȌȖȟȕȣȝ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȝ Ȑ ©ȉȍșȖȔ ȖȌȍȘȎȐȔȣȝª Ǭȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȋ
șȓȈȉȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȖȔ ȗȘȐȌȍȓȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȗȈȋȖȌȣ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȓȈȏȈ-
ȔȐ ȗȈȞȐȍȕȚȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȘȈȡȈȦȚ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȐȏțȔȘțȌ ȖȉȘȈȏțȦ-
ȡȐȑ șȊȍȚȖȊȣȍ ȒȘțȋȐ ș ȧȘȒȖȑ ȚȖȟȒȖȑ Ȋ ȞȍȕȚȘȍ ǶȟȍȕȤ șȒȖȘȖ
ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȊȗȈȌȈȍȚ Ȋ ȚȘȈȕș Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȗȐȚ ǷȖșȓȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ
ȚȈȒȐȝ șȍȈȕșȖȊ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȒȐ ȖșȓȈȉȍȊȈȦȚ Ȑ șȓțȟȈȦȚșȧ ȘȍȎȍ ǰȕ-
1 Dürkoff. «Grund. des Beschocrungs».

ȚȍȘȍșȕȣ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȉȖȕȏ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȊȗȈȊȠȍȋȖ Ȋ
șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍȕȐȧ șȐȌȐȚ Ȑ șȚȍȘȍȎȍȚ ȍȋȖ șȔȍȘȚȤ Ȑ ȚȖȋ-
ȌȈ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȊșȗțȋȕțȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȚȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ
șȔȍȘȚȤ ȒȐȕțȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ
ȘȐș -ȑ

Ǿȍȓȣȑ ȘȧȌ ȊȚȖȘȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȣȝ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ ȚȐȋȘȖ-
Ȋȣȑ ȒȖȠȈȟȐȑ ȗȚȐȟȐȑ ȘȣȉȐȑ ȋȓȈȏ Ȑ ȌȘ
 ȐȔȍȦȚ ȚȈȒȎȍ șȊȖȐ
ȓȍȋȍȕȌȣ ȕȖ ȖȕȐ ȔȈȓȖ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȕȣ Ȑ ȋȓȈȏȕȖȍ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ
ȗȖȏȌȕȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȟȍȔ ȗȘȐȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȍ ȊȣȠȍ
DzȘȖȔȍ ȥȚȐȝ ȓȍȋȍȕȌ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȑ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȐȔȍȍȚ șȊȖȦ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ Ȑ ȗȖȌ-
ȟȈș ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȘȍȊȕȦȦ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ DzȖ-Ȑ-ȕȖȘȈ ȕȖ
ȥȚȐ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȔȐȜȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȐȓȐ ȘȐȚțȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȐș-
ȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȕȍ ȖȚȕȖșȧȚșȧ Ȓ ȚȍȔȍ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȖȟȍȘȒȈ

ǽǾǶǹǼǴdzǻǶȍ

214
ǿǼǰǾdzǺdzǻǻǼdz ȀǰǼǾȅdzǿȀǰǼ ǸǶȀǮǷȄdzǰ
©ǹȖȎȔȐȚȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȔȐȚȍ ȎȐȏȕȤª
ǰȏ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ ȐȏȘȍȟȍȕȐȑ

ǯȕȈȒȖȔȧșȤ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ș șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚț-
ȘȖȑ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȐȔȍȚȤ ȌȍȓȖ ș ȌȊțȔȧ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȔȐ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȈ-
ȔȐ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȟȍȘȗȈȚȤ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȍ ȎȐȚȍȓȍȑ
ȌȘȍȊȕȍȋȖ Ƿȥ-ǹȐȕȧ DzȐȚȈȧ
 ȗȘȍșșȖȑ Ȑ ȉȘȖȌȧȟȐȔȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ-
ȟȐȒȈȔȐ-ȗȍȊȞȈȔȐ DzȕȐȋ Ȋ DzȐȚȈȍ ȕȍȚ ȒȘȖȔȍ Țȍȝ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ ȝȘȈȕȧȚșȧ Ȋ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȈȝ Ȑ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȌȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍȔ ȉȖȋ-
ȌȣȝȈȕȈ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȈ ȐȓȐ ȝȘȈȔȖȊ
ǫȈȏȍȚȣ Ȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓȣ ©ǷȍȒȐȕȋ-ȉȈȖª ©ǵȈȕȜȈȕȋ-ȉȈȖª ©ǿȖȕȋ-
ȊȈȑ-Ȍȏȍ-ȉȈȖª ©ǿȍ-ȉȈȖª ©ǼȖȕȋ-ȑȧ-ȉȈȖª ©Ǽȍȕȋ-Țȏȍȕ-ȒțȈȐ-ȉȈȖª
«ǿțȕȋ-DzȖțȖȒ-ȉȈȖ», «Ȁȍȕțȋ-ȉȈȖ», «ǹȐȕ-ȟȍ-ȒȐȈȑ-ȒȐ», «ȇȕȋ-
șȐȕȋ-ȉȈȖª ©ǿȍȕȋ-ǼȖȈ-ȉȈȖª ©ǺȞȐ-ȚȖȑ-ȍȐ-ȋȈț-șȈȕȋ-ȉȈȖª Ȑ ©ǰȍȕ-
Țȟȍțȕ-Ȧ-ȉȈȖ» ȎțȘȕȈȓ Ȍȓȧ ȌȍȊțȠȍȒ
 — ȊȖȚ Ȋșȧ ȗȘȍșșȈ ǹȘȍ-
ȌȐȕȕȖȑ ǰȔȗȍȘȐȐ Ǫ ȜȍȓȤȍȚȖȕȈȝ ȥȚȐȝ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȑ — ȒșȚȈȚȐ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕȕȣȝ — ȗȖȔȍȡȈȦȚșȧ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȍ ȘȖȔȈȕȣ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ ȉȍȓȓȍȚȘȐșȚȖȊ ©ǵȍȌȈȊȕȐȍ ȕȘȈȊȣ ȒȐ-
ȚȈȑșȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȈª ©ǬțȘȕȈȧ ȌȖȟȤª ©ǵȖȊȣȍ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȚȍȓȐª ©ǻș-
ȕțȊȠȐȑ ȓȍȊª — ȊȖȚ Țȍ ȘȖȔȈȕȣ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȏȈ ȗȖș-
ȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ȗȘȍșșȍ Ȑ ȊȣȏȊȈȓȐ Ȑȏ-
ȊȍșȚȕțȦ șȍȕșȈȞȐȦ
dzȐȠȕȍȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȡȐȑ ȚȖȕ ȥȚȐȝ ȘȖȔȈ-
ȕȖȊ — ȚȍȕȌȍȕȞȐȖȏȕȣȑ Ȑ ȗȈȚȘȐȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ǬȍȊȐȏ ©DzȐȚȈȑ Ȍȓȧ
ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȊª ȊȘȈȎȌȈ Ȓ ȔȈȕȟȎțȘșȒȖȑ ȌȐȕȈșȚȐȐ Ȓ ȔȈȕȌȈȘȐ-
ȕȈȔ — ȊȏȧȚȖȟȕȐȒȈȔ Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȘȈȚȕȐȒȈȔ ȔȍȟȚȣ Ȗȉ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍ-
ȕȐȐ DzȐȚȈȧ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȕȍȋȓȈșȕȖȑ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȟțȎȍȏȍȔȞȍȊ — ȚȖȚ ȜȖȕ
ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȈȊȚȖȘȣ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȦȚ ȜȈȉțȓț șȊȖȐȝ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȑ Ǹȧ-
ȌȖȔ ș ȚȈȒȐȔ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȍ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȟȍȘȍȌțȦȚșȧ — ȕȍțȔȖȓȐȔȈȧ Ȑ ȎȍșȚȖȒȈȧ ȕȈș-
ȔȍȠȒȈ ȕȈȌ ȊȍȒȖȊȣȔ șȕȖȔ Ȑ ȐșȒȖȗȈȍȔȣȔȐ ȕȘȈȊȈȔȐ Ȑ ȏȈȒȖ-
ȕȈȔȐ DzȐȚȈȧ șȈȚȐȘȈ ȕȈ ȔȈȕȌȈȘȐȕȖȊ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȠȐȝ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚȤ
Ȋșȍ ȌȖșțȋȐ Ȋ ȌȖȔȈȝ ȘȈȏȊȘȈȚȈ Ȑ ȈȏȈȘȚȈ Ȑ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȗȖȗȈȊȠȐȝ
Ȋ ȟȐșȓȖ șȖȊȍȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȚȘȖȕȈ ȚȘȖȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ȗ șțȌȍȉ-

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ȕȣȝ ȖȠȐȉȒȈȝ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȏȕȧȚ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȣȝ — Ȑ ȏȈȒȈȕȟȐȊȈȦȚșȧ
ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȖȔ ȗșȍȊȌȖ-ȌȘȍȊȕȐȝ ȐȏȘȍȟȍ-
ȕȐȑ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖ ȞȍȓȖȍ șȗȓȍȚȈȦȚșȧ șȖȞȐȈȓȐȏȔ ȐȕȌȐ-
ȊȐȌțȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȈȕȈȘȝȐȏȔ Ȑ ȊȣȊȖȌȣ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȕȈțȒ
ǶȉȘȈȏȞȖȔ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ «DzȕȐȋȐ ǰȕ»
(ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
 ǪȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȘȖȟȐȔ ȈȊȚȖȘ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ
șȊȖȍȋȖ ȋȍȘȖȧ ȗȖȓțȉȖȋȈ ǵȐ-ǰȕȈ
ȇ — ǵȐ-ǰȕ dzȦȌȐ șȟȐȚȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȖȋȖȔ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȔ
Ȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ șțȘȖȊȣȔ ȉȍȏȎȈȓȖșȚȕȣȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȔ ǶȕȐ șȓȍȗȣ ȐȓȐ
ȉȍȏțȔȕȣ ȇ — ǵȐ-ǰȕ ǹȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȚȍȒȓȈ ȔȖȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȔȖȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȍȓȧ
Ȕȍȕȧ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ șȗȘȖșȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȎȐȏȕȤ" ȇ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȌțȔȈȓ
ǿȍȚȣȘȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȧ ȘȖȎȌȈȓ ȔȖȐ ȔȖȏȋ ǮȐȏȕȤ — șȊȖȉȖȌȈ — șȟȈșȚȤȍ —
ȔȣșȓȤ
ǰ ȧ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȕȐȏȒȖ șȒȓȖȕȐȊȠȐȔșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȉȍȏțȔȞȈȔ
ǮȐȏȕȤ —ȥ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȒȈ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȇ — ǵȐ-ǰȕ
ǭșȓȐ ȧ, ǵȐ-ǰȕ țȔȐȘȈȦ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȐșȟȍȏȈȦȚ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚ-
ȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ȅȚȖ — șȔȍȘȚȤ
ǹȟȈșȚȤȍ — șȊȖȉȖȌȈ ǹȊȖȉȖȌȈ ȟțȊșȚȊ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȐ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȖȊ ǹȊȖ-
ȉȖȌȈ ȉȍȏ ȋȘȈȕȐȞ ȉȍȏ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȊ ȉȍȏ Ȟȍȗȍȑ ǰ ȕȍȚ Ȋ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȍ ȐȕȖȋȖ
șȟȈșȚȤȧ
ǩȖȋȈ Ȑ ȊȓȈșȚȍȓȐȕȈ șȖȏȌȈȓȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȉȖȧȡȐȍșȧ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ Ȑ șȊȍȚȈ
Ȑ ȎȌțȡȐȍ ȖȚ șȖȏȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȐȔȐ șțȡȍșȚȊ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȕȐ-
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ
«DzȕȐȋȐ ǰȕª ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȘȖȐȏ-
ȊȍȌȍȕȐȍȔ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȈȊȚȖȘ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȓșȧ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȊȣȊȖȌȣ Ȑȏ
ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ ȍȔț ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȝ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜșȒȐȝ țȟȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȕȈțȟ-
ȕȣȝ ȚȍȖȘȐȑ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȈȧ șȊȖȍȔț șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȦ ȌȐȌȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒțȦ Ȑ
ȚȍȕȌȍȕȞȐȖȏȕțȦ ȖȒȘȈșȒț ǼȖȘȔȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȣ «DzȕȐ-
ȋȐ ǰȕ» ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȥȚȐȟȕȈ Ȑ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȓȈȒȖȕȐȟȕȖșȚȐ ȕȈȗȖȔȐ-
ȕȈȍȚ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ǵȐȞȠȍ ǵȍȓȤȏȧ ȖȉȖȑȚȐ ȔȖȓ-
ȟȈȕȐȍȔ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ǨȊȚȖȘ «DzȕȐȋ ǰȕª ȊȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ
ȋȓȈȊȍ ȊȣșȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ Țț Ȏȍ șȈȔțȦ ȔȣșȓȤ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖ
ȜȖȘȔțȓȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȕȈȚțȘȜȐȓȖșȖȜ ȕȈȠȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ǪȐȓȤ-
ȋȍȓȤȔ ǶșȚȊȈȓȤȌ ǪȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ǵȐ-ǰȕ șȊȖȐȔ șȓțȠȈȚȍȓȧȔ
ȇ ȝȖȟț ȊȈȔ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȊșȦ ȗȘȖșȚțȦ ȗȘȈȊȌț Ȗ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȍ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ

216
Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ș ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȝȖȔ ȒȈȒ Ȗ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈȝ ȕȈșȍȓȧȦȡȐȝ
șȖȓȍȕȣȍ ȊȖȌȣ ȀȈ-ȓȥȑ-Ǻȧȕȧ
ǪȘȍȔȧȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖȐȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȔȖȍ Ȋ ȕȐȝ—
ȊȖȚ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȖȑ Ȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȒȈ
ȗȖ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȝȖȌȐȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȅȚȖ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȏȕȈȦȚ ȔțȌȘȍȞȣ Ȑ
ȌȍȚȐ
DzȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȜȖȘȔțȓȐȘȖȊȒȈ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȧ Ȗ ȗȘȐȘȖ-
Ȍȍ ț ȈȊȚȖȘȈ «DzȕȐȋ ǰȕ» ȊȗȖȓȕȍ șȖȊȗȈȌȈȍȚ ș ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȍȔ
ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ ȌȈȕȕȣȔ Ȋ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȧȝ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ șȖȊ-
ȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȝȐȔȐȒȈ Ȑ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȈ
ǸȖȔȈȕȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚ Ȋ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧȝ ȗȖȔȍȡȈȍȔȣȝ
Ȋ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ Ȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓȈȝ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȊȚȖȘȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȟȍȔ ȈȊȚȖȘȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȟȈșȚȖ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȧ ȕȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȜȈȉțȓț țȊȓȍ-
ȒȈȦȚșȧ ȐȏȓȖȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȐȌȍȑ,
ȏȈȗȖȓȕȧȧ ȐȔȐ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȋȓȈȊȣ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȖȚȧșȤ Ȗ șȊȧȏȐ Ȑȝ ș ȘȈȏ-
ȊȐȚȐȍȔ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȘȖȔȈȕȈ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ ǯȈȚȖ ȐȘȖȕȐȧ țȌȈȍȚșȧ
ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈȔ ǶȕȈ ȏȓȖȉȕȈ ȝȓȍșȚȒȈ Ȑ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȍȚ ȚȍȔ ȗȘȖșȚȖȌțȠ-
ȕȣȔ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȞȐȕȐȟȕȣȔ ȘȍȈȓȐȏȔȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȤȍȚ
ȗȖ ȕȍȘȊȈȔ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȧ ǷȘȐȊȖȌȐȔ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȈ ȖȚȘȣȊȖȒ Ȑȏ
șȈȚȐȘȣ «ǺȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ-Ȑȕ» (©ǯȖȓȖȚȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ»
 ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȖȑ ȕȈ
ȆȈȕȤ-ȠȐ-ȒȈȧ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȊșȚȈȕȍȚ ș ȔȧȋȒȖȋȖ ȓȖȎȈ — Ȗȕ ȉȤȍȚ șȓțȋț Ȑ ȖȉȐȎȈȍȚ
ȍȋȖ ȉȘȈȕȕȣȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȍ ȚȐȝȖ ȐȌȍȚ — Ȗȕ ȓȦȉȐȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ șțȌȤȉȍ
ȉȍȌȕȧȒȖȊ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ șȚȖȐȚ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȚȖȓȗȖȑ Ȗȕ șțȓȐȚ ȋȖȘȣ șȟȈșȚȤȧ
ǵȖ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȞȍ ȕȈ Ƿȍȑ-ȝȖ Ȗȕ — țȋȖȌȓȐȊ Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȒȈȏ-
ȕȐȚDzȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȊȖȘȖȚȧșȤ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚ Ȗȕ șȓțȋț — Ȗȕ ȉȤȍȚ ȍȋȖ șȕȖ-
ȊȈ ǻȋȈȌȈȑ Ȏȍ ȎȐȚȍȓȤ Ƿȥ-șȐȕȧ Ȗ ȒȖȔ ȧ ȗȘȖȗȍȓ Țȍȉȍ ȗȍșȕȦ"
DzȚȖ ȚȖȚ ȒȚȖ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȒȈ ȓȐșȐȞț șȖȉȈȒț ȗȖȝȖȎ"
DzȚȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȓȐȠȤ ȒȈȒ ȌȖȉȣȟț șȊȖȦ, ȗȘȐȏȕȈȍȚ"
DzȚȖ șȚȘȖȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ Ȑȏ Țȍȓ Ȑȝ Ȑȏ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȗȈȓȈȚȣ"
DzȚȖ ȗȘȖȌȈȍȚ ȖȉȍȡȈȕȐȧ ȏȈ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȑ ȏȈ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȖȚ ȕȐȝ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȖȚ-
ȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ"
ǬȖȓȎȕȖ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ

217
ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȊȌțȔȟȐȊ Ȉ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȔȍȟȈȍȚ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȔȍȓȖ-
ȟȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȦȚ ȍȔț ȖȌȕȐȔ ȠȚȘȐȝȖȔ ȖȌȕȐȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ
șȘȈȏț ȖȉȘȐșȖȊȈȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȑ șȖȉȣȚȐȍ DzȐȚȈȍȞ — ȜȐȓȖșȖȜ Ȑ
ȗȘȐȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ ȞȐȕȐȒ ȅȚȐ ȌȊȈ șȊȖȑșȚȊȈ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȧȘȟȍ Ȑ
ȗȖȓȕȍȍ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȍȋȖ șȈȚȐȘȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȌȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȐ
ǬȘțȋȖȑ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȟȍȘȗȕțȚȤ ȖȉȐȓȤ-
ȕȣȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓ Ȗ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ șȓȖȊȍșȕȖșȚȐ DzȐȚȈȧ — ȥȚȖ ȉȘȖ-
ȌȧȟȐȍ ȗȍȊȞȣ Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȟȐȒȐ ǷȖȌ ȏȊțȒȐ ȚȘȍȝșȚȘțȕȕȖȑ șȒȘȐȗ-
ȒȐ ȝț-Țȧ
 ȗȍȊȍȞ ȉȣșȚȘȣȔ ȘȍȟȐȚȈȚȐȊȖȔ ȘȈșȚȧȋȐȊȈȧ ȒȖȕȞȣ
șȚȘȖȜ ȗȖȍȚ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȍ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȣ Ȗ ȉȖȋȖȚȊȖȘȐȔȖȔ ȆȈȕȤ-ȀȐȕ-
ȌȈȖ-ǼȈȑ Ȗ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȍ ǹȣȕ-ǺȐ ȖȒȖȓȌȖȊȈȊȠȍȑ ȚȘȍȝ ȉȖȋȌȣ-
ȝȈȕȖȊ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȍȍ ȕȍ țȉȐȓ dzȐ-ǹȈȕ-ǿț Ȗ ȚȈȑȕȍ Ȑ țȎȈ-
șȈȝ ȝȘȈȔȈ ǨȔȖ-ǵȐ-ǬȎȈȕ Ȗ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȔ Ȑ ȔțȌȘȖȔ dzȧȖ-Ǭȏȣ ǶȚ
ȌȘȍȊȕȐȝ ȓȍȋȍȕȌ ȗȍȊȍȞ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȚ Ȓ ȊȖȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȍșȕȧȔ
Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȓȈȊȐȚ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȔȍȘȠȐȝ ȋȍȘȖȍȊ ȕȖ Ȑ Țȍȝ
ȒȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȦȚ Ȑ ȗȖȔȕȧȚ șȓțȠȈȚȍȓȐ ǿȈșȚȖ ȥȚȐ ȗȍșȕȐ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȚ
ȐȔȍȕȈ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȖ ȒȈȏȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȋȍȘȖȍȊ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȣȝ Ȋșȗȣ-
ȠȍȒ ȏȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȚȈȒ ȟȈșȚȖ ȊȖȓȕțȦȡȐȝ ǹȘȍȌȐȕȕțȦ
ǰȔȗȍȘȐȦ ǪȖȚ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȈșȚȖ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȍȔȈȧ ȗȍșȕȧ
ǯȈ șȊȖȉȖȌț Ƿȥ-ǹȐȕȧ ș ȖȘțȎȐȍȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ DzȖȕ-ǺȖ
Ƕȕ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȘȖȋȕȈȚȤ ȟțȎȍȏȍȔȞȍȊ ȏȈ ȋȖȘȕȣȑ ȝȘȍȉȍȚ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȋȖ
ǴȖ-ǺȖ-dzȐȕȧ
ǰ țȠȍȓ Ȗȕ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ ȗȘȖȡȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȖșȓȈȊȠȐ ȗȘȐȊȍȚ șȚȈȘȐȒȈȔ-
ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȧȔ Ȑ ȌȘțȏȤȧȔ
ǺȈȑȕȈȧ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈ ȠȍȊȍȓȤȕțȓȈșȤ ȕȈ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȟțȎȍȏȍȔȞȍȊ
ǶȕȐ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ ȠȓȦȚ ȔȈȕȌȈȘȐȕȈȔ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȧȚ
«ǻȉȍȑȚȍ Dzȍȕ-ǺȖ Ƕȕ ȊȖșșȚȈȊȠȐȑ ȕȈ ȕȈș ȎȐȚȤ ȌȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ»
ǻȠȓȐ ȔȈȕȌȈȘȐȕȣ Ȑ șȒȈȟțȚ țȉȐȑȞȣ-ȋȖȕȞȣ
ǹȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ ȋȍȘȖȧ Ƕȕ șȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȘȐșȖȊȖȔ ȗȖȓȍ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȉȖȦ,
ȟȚȖ ȒȐȗȍȓ ț Ǻȏȣ-Ȑ-ȕȖȧ
ǰ ȏȓȖȉȕȖ șȔȍȧșȤ ȕȈȌ Dzȍȕ-ǺȖ ȔȍȟȚȈȊȠȐȔ Ȗ ȊȖȓȍ
ǵȈ ȘȣȕȒȍ ȖȕȐ ȒȈȏȕȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ
ǴȕȖȋȖ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȗȍșȍȕ șȖȏȌȈȓȖ ȉȖȒșȍȘșȒȖȍ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȐȍ ǰȕȖ-
ȋȌȈ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȍșȕȧȝ ȗȘȖșȓȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȉȣȓȐȕȕȣȑ
ȉȖȋȈȚȣȘȤ Ȑ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȗȖȘȖȑ ȟȚȖ ȗȍșȕȧ ȉȍȏȖȉȐȌȕȈ ǵȖ Ȋșȓț-
ȠȈȊȠȐșȤ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȍȍ ȒțȗȓȍȚ ȖȒȈȕȟȐ-

218
ȊȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȐȗȍȊȖȔ
ǵȈș ȗȘȍȌȈȦȚ  ȕȈș ȕȈ ȋȐȉȍȓȤ ȊȍȌțȚ ȔȈȕȌȈȘȐȕȣ ȒȕȧȏȤȧ
ǪȖșșȚȈȕȤȚȍ Ȏȍ ȓȦȌȐ Ƿȥ-ǹȐȕȧ Ȑ șȒȐȕȤȚȍ ȧȘȔȖ ȊȍȒȖȊȖȋȖ ȊȘȈ-
ȋȈ
ǬȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȥȚȐ ȗȍșȕȐ ȎȐȊțȚ ȍȡȍ Ȋ ȕȈȘȖȌȍ Ȑ ȟȈșȚȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȝȖȌȐȚșȧ șȓȣȠȈȚȤ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȗȘȐȗȍȊȣ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ țȋȘȖȎȈȦȚ șȔȍȘ-
ȚȤȦ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ țȔȍȘȠȍȔț «ȗȘȖȌȈȊȞț șȊȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȈª Ȓȕȧ-
ȏȦ dzȐ-ǽțȕ-ǿȈȕȋț
ǷȖȓȤȏțȦȚșȧ țșȗȍȝȖȔ ț șȓțȠȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȗȍșȕȐ, ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȍȔȣȍ
ȕȈȘȈșȗȍȊ Ȑ șȖșȚȖȧȡȐȍ Ȑȏ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȖȒ ȗȖșȓȖȊȐȞ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȗȘȖ-
ȧȊȓȍȕȐȑ ȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȑ ȔțȌȘȖșȚȐ ǵȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ
DzȚȖ ȟțȎțȦ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȚ —
ǺȖȚ șȊȖȍȑ ȘȖȌȐȕȍ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȧȍȚ ȊȘȍȌ
ǵȍȘȈȊȍȕșȚȊȖ șȓțȎȐȚ ȕȈȟȈȓȖȔ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȈ
ǩȖȋȈȚșȚȊȖ — șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȍ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǴțȌȘȖșȚȤ — ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ Ȑ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȑ
DzȚȖ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȐȚșȧ ȗȖȑȚȐ Ȋ ȓȖȋȖȊȐȡȍ ȚȐȋȘȈ
ǺȖȔț ȕȍ ȖȚȖȉȘȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȌȍȚȍȕȣȠȍȑ
ǩȍȘȍȋȐșȤ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ
ǶȕȐ — ȒȈȒ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȍȞ
ǮțȘȈȊȓȤ ȕȍ șȚȘȖȐȚ ȋȕȍȏȌȈ ȕȈ ȋȕȐȓȖȔ Ȍțȉȍ
ǩȖȋȌȣȝȈȕ — ȉȖȋȌȣȝȈȕ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȉȖȋȌȣȝȈȕ șȚȘȈȕȣ
ǴȖȎȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȓȖȎȤ
ǭșȓȐ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȈ ȕȈ ȓȖȎȤ
ǵȍȓȤȏȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȚȤ ȓȎȐ
ǭșȓȐ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȈ ȕȈ ȗȘȈȊȌț
ȅȚȐ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȖȊȐȞȣ ȗȖȌȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȦȚșȧ șȓțȠȈȚȍ-
ȓȧȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȦȚșȧ ȝȖȘȖȔ ȖșȚȈȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ Ȑ ȟȈșȚȖ ȗȖȊȚȖ-
ȘȧȧșȤ

219
ǶșȖȉȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȥȘȖȚȐȒȈ ǶȕȈ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȘȈȏ-
ȊȐȚȈ Ȋ șȓȖȊȍșȕȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȟȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȟȈșȚȖ
ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ ȈȊȚȖȘȖȊ ȟȍȔ Ȋ ȗȘȍșșȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȧ țȎȍ țȗȖ-
ȔȐȕȈȓ ȖȚȊȖȌȐȚ ȘȖȔȈȕȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔț ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚț ȊȚȖȘȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖȍ
ȔȍșȚȖ Ǫ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȗȘȖșȓȈȊȐȓșȧ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȥȘȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐ-
ȔȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧȔȐ ǼȈȑ-ǹȧȕ șȈȔ ȉȘȖȌȧȟȐȑ ȗȍȊȍȞ ȒȐȚȈȑ-
șȒȐȑ ȔȍȕȍșȚȘȍȓȤ ȗȍșȕȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȏȈȗȐșȣȊȈȓ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȘȖȟȐȔ,
ǶȒȚȈȊ ǴȐȘȉȖ ȗȖșȚȘȖȐȊȠȐȑ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȕȍ ȖȌȕț ȋȓȈȊț șȊȖȍȋȖ
«ǹȈȌȈ ȗȣȚȖȒ» ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȍșȕȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȕȣ
ȗȖ ȞȍȕȏțȘȕȣȔ țșȓȖȊȐȧȔ Ȑ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȞȐȕȐȟȕȣ ȐȓȐ ȋȘțȉȣ — ȕȈȖȉȖȘȖȚ — Ȋ
ȕȐȝ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚșȧ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈȧ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȕȖ ȏȈȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȖ-
ȘȈȎȈȦȚ ȐȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȅȘȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗȍșȕȐ
Ȉ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȐșȓȍ Ȑ ȗȍșȕȐ ǼȈȑ-ǹȧȕȈ — ȥȚȖ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍ-
ȌȍȕȐȧ ȊȖșȗȍȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȐ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȗȖȊȍ-
ȌțȦȡȐȧ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȤ ȏȈȉȊȍȕȐȧ ȖȚ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȕȍșȚȐ ȓȐȠȤ «șȎȈȊȠȐ șȍȘȌȞȍ» ǷȘȐȊȍȌȍȔ ȖȌȕț Ȑȏ ȗȍ-
șȍȕȖȒ ǼȈȑ-ǹȧȕȈ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔțȦ «ǯȊȍȕȖ»:
ǶȚ ȊȈș ȗȣȠȍȚ ȖȋȕȍȔ Ȑ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖ ȏȖȊțȚ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȒȘȐȟȈȚ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǾȍȗȒȐ Ȑ ȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ǺȧȎȍȓȖ ȌȣȠȐȚ ȋȘțȌȤ
ǺȈȒ ȚȧȕțȚșȧ ȌȘțȋ Ȓ ȌȘțȋț Ȉȓȣȍ ȈșȚȖȘȍȐ ȌțȘȔȈȕȧ Ȑ ȎȍȓȈȧ
ǺȈȒ țȉȐȊȈȦȚ ȖȕȐ șȍȉȧ Ȑ ȚȈȒ șȗȓȍȚȈȧșȤ ȏȈȔȐȘȈȦȚ
ǵȍ ȐȡȐȚȍ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȊ ȖȉȣȟȈȍȊ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȍȒ Ȋ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȑ șȚȘȈșȚȐ
ǶȕȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦȚ Ȑȝ ǵȍȗȖȒȖȘȕȣȍ Ȑ ȊȓȈșȚȕȣȍ ȖȕȐ țȔȍȦȚ ȓȐȠȤ
ȗȖȊȍȓȍȊȈȚȤ
ǵȍȚ șȚȣȌȓȐȊȖșȚȐ Ȋ șȚȘȈșȚȐ Ȑ ȕȍȚ ȊȣȠȍ ȏȈȒȖȕȈ
ǿȍȔ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȚȘȍȗȍȚ Țȍȓ.
ǹȝȊȈȚȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖȔ ȗȖȘȣȊȍ ȊȗȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȍȓȖ ȋțȉȈȔȐ
ǯȈșȚȣȊȠȐ Ȋ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȖȔ ȉȍȏțȔȐȐ —
ǯȈȉțȌȤȚȍ ȎȐȏȕȤ ș ȍȍ ȋȖȘȍȔ ȉȍȌȖȑ Ȑ ȏȓȖȉȖȑ.
ǹȚȘȈșȚȤ țȉȐȊȈȍȚ ȊșȦ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ Ȗ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȔ
ǰ ȔȐȋ ȊȈȔ ȌȈȍȚ Ǩ Ȗȕ — ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍ
ǶȗȐșȣȊȈȧ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȣȍ șȞȍȕȣ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȧ ȘȍȟȐ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȈȊȚȖȘȣ-ȥȘȖȚȐȒȐ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȊȈȦȚ ȒȘȈȑȕȦȦ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȖ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȐ ȟȚȖ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ, ȕȍțȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȍșȓȐ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ ȘȐȚțȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ șȈȔȣȝ ȐȕȚȐȔȕȣȝ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȑ ȖȉȡțȦ ȘȈȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȒȐȚȈȑ-
ȞȍȊ Ȑ șțȡȍșȚȊțȦȡȐȍ ȒȖȍ-ȋȌȍ Ȋ ȆȎȕȖȔ DzȐȚȈȍ șȍȒșțȈȓȤȕȣȍ

220
ȒțȓȤȚȣ
ǪȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ, ȔȖȎȕȖ șȔȍȓȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ șȔȣșȓȍ ȟȐ-
șȚȖȑ ȥȘȖȚȐȒȐ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȐ.
DzȐȚȈȑ ȗȘȖșȣȗȈȓșȧ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ǰ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȍȡȍ ȓȐȠȤ ȊȍȘȝ-
ȕȐȍ șȓȖȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȊȠȍȋȖșȧ
ȖȚ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ ǪȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ ȌȖ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȝ șȒȓȖȕȖȊ ȏȈȗȈȌȕȖȋȖ
ǷȈȔȐȘȈ ȊșȒȖȓȣȝȕțȓȐșȤ ǹȖȉȣȚȐȧ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ ȓȍȚ ȒȐȚȈȑș-
ȒȖ-ȧȗȖȕșȒȈȧ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȍ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ ȖȉȓȈșȚȍȑ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȧ ș
 ȋ ȔȍȎȌțȕȈȘȖȌȕȈȧ ȒȈȘȈȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȥȒșȗȍȌȐȞȐȧ  ȋ Ȋ
ǵȍȉȍșȕțȦ ǰȔȗȍȘȐȦ ȋȘȈȉȍȎ ǷȍȒȐȕȈ Ȑ ȔȈȕȟȎțȘșȒȐȝ ȋȖȘȖ-
ȌȖȊ, ȉȍșșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖȍ Ȑ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȍ ȗȖȚȖȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȊ Ȋ ǩȓȈ-
ȋȖȊȍȡȍȕșȒȍ — Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȓȖ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȍ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȘȖșȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ țȋȓțȉȓȧȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȔȈșșȍ ȕȈșȍ-
ȓȍȕȐȧ DzȐȚȈȧ ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȥȚȖ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȍȌȊȈ Țȍȗ-
ȓȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȕȈȘȖȌȍ șȖȏȕȈȊȠȍȔ șȊȖȦ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȉȍșȗȖ-
ȔȖȡȕȖșȚȤ ȕȖ ȗȖȉȍȌȈ ȇȗȖȕȐȐ ȕȈȌ ǸȖșșȐȍȑ ȌȈȓȈ ȚȖȓȟȖȒ
ȊșȍȔ ȈȏȐȈȚȈȔ ȗȘȐȌȈȓȈ ȉȖȌȘȖșȚȐ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȈȔ, ȘȈȏȖȎȋȓȈ Ȋ ȕȐȝ
ȗȈȚȘȐȖȚȐȏȔ șȚȈȕȖȊȧȡȐȑșȧ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȕȣȔ Ȑ
ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȐȔ
— ǹțȌȤȉȈ ǰȕȌȐȐ ȕȈș ȕȍ ȒȖșȕȍȚșȧ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȖȉȘȈ-
ȏȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ Ȑ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȓȧȓȐ — Ǵȣ ȗȘȖșȕțȓȐșȤ Ȑ Țȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȉțȌȍȔ ȉȖȌȘșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ
ǵȈ ȗȖȟȊȍ ȘȈșȚțȡȍȋȖ ȗȈȚȘȐȖȚȐȏȔȈ ȊȖȏȕȐȒ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȟȍ-
ȓȣȑ ȞȐȒȓ ȗȍșȍȕ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȣȝ Ȑ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȇ
ȗȘȐȊȍȌț ȌȊȍ ȗȍșȕȐ ȗȖȓȤȏțȦȡȐȍșȧ Ȋ DzȐȚȈȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȖȗțȓȧȘ-
ȕȖșȚȤȦ ǶȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝª — «ǫȐȔȕ ǹȊȖȉȖȌȣ» ȘȈșȗȍȊȈȍȔȣȑ ȕȈ
Ȧȋȍ DzȐȚȈȧ Ȑ șȟȐȚȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ©ǴȈȘșȍȓȤȍȏȖȑ».
Ƕ, șȊȖȉȖȌȈ Ǻȣ — ȕȈȐȓțȟȠȐȑ ȌȈȘ ȕȍȉȍș
Ǫ ȔȐȘȍ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȈȧ — Țȣ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ Ȋșȍȝ ȟțȌȍș
DzȈȒ ȘȈȏțȔ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȊȈȧ ȔȖȋțȟȈȧ, ȒȈȒ ȋȐȋȈȕȚ ȝȊȈȚȈȦȡȐȑ ȖȉȓȈȒȈ
Ǫ ȒȖȓȍșȕȐȞȍ Țțȟ Țȣ ȔȟȐȠȤșȧ ȚȊȖȐ ȒȖȕȐ — ȗȖȘȣȊȣ ȚȈȑȜțȕȈ
ǷȘȐȌȐ Ȏȍ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ ȏȍȔȓȍȦ
ǹȎȈȓȤșȧ ȕȈȌ ȔȘȈȟȕȖȑ ȉȍȏȌȕȖȑ ȘȈȉșȚȊȈ
ǷȘȐȌȐ Ȑ ȧȘȒȐȔ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȔ ȓțȟȖȔ ȘȈșșȍȑ ȕȍȗȘȈȊȌț
Ƕ ȉȓȍȌȕȈȧ ǭȊȘȖȗȈ! Ǻȣ — ȌȡȍȘȤ ȘȈșȗțȚȕȈȧ ȕȍȉȍș
ǽȓȍȉȈ Ȑ ȊȐȕȈ Țȣ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȠȤ Ȋ ȐȏȖȉȐȓȤȐ

221
Ǵȣ Ȏȍ ȓȦȉȐȔ ȓȐȠȤ șȊȖȉȖȌț ȔȍȟȚȈȍȔ ȓȐȠȤ Ȗ ȕȍȑ
DzȈȒ Ȗ Ȍȕȍ ȏȈȓȐȚȖȔ șȖȓȕȞȍȔ ȒȈȒ Ȗ ȊȍȟȍȘȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȔ
ǴȣșȓȤ ȕȈȠȈ ȊȐȚȈȍȚ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȑ ȘȖȌȐȕȣ,
ǰ ȏȕȈȍȔ Ȕȣ ȟȚȖ șȊȖȉȖȌȈ ȚȈȒ ȕȍțȓȖȊȐȔȈ ȟȚȖ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȌȖȉȣȚȤ ȍȍ
ǫȖȘȍ ȕȈȔ ǵȈȠȐ ȉȘȈȚȤȧ ȚȖȔȧȚșȧ Ȋ Ȟȍȗȧȝ
DzȈȒ ȕȍȎȍȕ ȊȍȚȍȘȖȒ Ȑ ȒȈȒ șȊȍȘȒȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȚȘȈȊȍ ȘȖșȈ
ǨȘȖȔȈȚȖȔ ȌȣȠȈȚ ȗȍșȚȘȣȍ ȞȊȍȚȣ
ǰ ȓȦȌȐ ȋȖȘȌȖ șȔȖȚȘȧȚ ȒȈȒ ȞȈȘȐ
ǵȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȑȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȠ ȕȈȘȖȌ șȚȘȈȌȈȍȚ,
ǰ Ȋ ǷȍȒȐȕȍ șȒȓȖȕȧȍȚ ȋȓȈȊț șȊȖȦ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȊȓȈșȚȐȚȍȓȍȔ ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȔ ȉȖȋȌȣȝȈȕȖȔ Ƿȥ-ǹȐȕȧ!
ǻȊȣ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ ȚȍȕȤ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ
ǰ ȒȈȒ ȉȍȏȉȘȍȎȕȈȧ ȗțșȚȣȕȧ, ȔȘȈȟȕȈ Ȋșȧ ǨȏȐȧ-ȊȍȓȐȒȈȕ
ǬȊȈȌȞȈȚȣȑ ȊȍȒ ȗțșȚȤ ȗȖȏȖȊȍȚ Ȓ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ Ȋșȍȝ
Ǵȣ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȝȘȈȔ ȗȖșȚȘȖȐȔ Ȗȉȡȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǷȓȍȟȖȔ Ȓ ȗȓȍȟț ȖȚȊȈȎȕȣȍ ȔȖȋțȟȐȍ ȉȖȘȞȣ
ǸȍȜȖȘȔȣ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȑȚȍ ț ȏȍȔȓȐ Ȑ ȕȍȉȈ
ǷțșȚȤ ȊȍșȤ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȔȖȋțȟȐȑ ȒȓȐȟ ȐȏȌȈșȚ
ǰ ȥȚȖȚ ȒȓȐȟ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕȍȚ ȊȍȘȠȐȕ ȚțȔȈȕȕȣȝ
ǹȍȌȖȋȖ DzțȈȕȋ-dzȍȕ
ǪȈȠȐȕȋȚȖȕ ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕ — ȊȍȓȐȒȐȍ șȣȕȣ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ
ǷȘȐȌȐȚȍ Ȓ ȕȈȔ Ȑ ȕȈȔ ȖȚȌȈȑȚȍ ȎȈȘ șȊȖȍȑ ȌțȠȐ
Ǩ Țȣ ǫȐȕ-Ȇȕ ȕȈȠ șȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȗȘȍȌȖȒ ȊȍȌȐ ȕȈ ȉȖȑ!
Ƕ, Ȍțȝ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ ȧȊȐșȤ ȧȊȐșȤ Ȑ ȗȖȔȖȋȐ
ǪȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȍșȕȧ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȧȘȒȖ ȗȖȌȟȍȘȒȐȊȈȍȚ ȊȘȈȎȌț ȒȐ-
ȚȈȑȞȍȊ Ȓ ȔȈȕȟȎțȘȈȔ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȌȐȕȈșȚȐȐ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȊȠȍȑ ȚȘȖȕȖȔ ȉȖȋ-
ȌȣȝȈȕȖȊ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ Ȓ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȈȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȊȓȍȟȍȚ Ȋ DzȐȚȈȑ
ȓȐȠȤ ȉȍȏȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȈȧ ȈȓȟȕȖșȚȤ. ȅȚȈ ȗȍșȕȧ — «ȎȈȓȖȉȣ șȚȘȈȕȣ
ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ» ǪȖȚ ȍȍ ȚȍȒșȚ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȔȣȑ ȌȖșȓȖȊȕȖ
ǷȖȌțȓ ș ȏȈȗȈȌȈ ȊȍȚȍȘ Ȑ ȗȖȊșȦȌț ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȏȍȘȕȈ ȋȘțșȚȐ
ǹȘȍȌȐȕȕȖȍ ȞȈȘșȚȊȖ ȏȈȔȖȓȒȓȖ Ȑ șȗȐȚ șȕȖȔ șȚȘȈȕȣ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ
ǴȟȈșȤ ȕȈ ȒȖȕȧȝ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȕȈȓȍȚȍȓȈ șȚȈȧ ȔȈȕȟȎțȘ
ǰ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑȝ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȗȣȓȤȦ șȍȘȖȑ ȗȖȒȘȣȓȈșȤ
șȚȘȈȕȈ
dzȐȠȤ șȖȓȕȞȍ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ dzȤȍ-ǹȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ țȎ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȣ ȕȈȠȐ
ȎȐȓȐȡȈ
ǰ ȗȖȋȕȈȓȐ ȕȈș ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȦ ȕȖȟȤȦ Ȋ ȘȧȌȣ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȕȣȝ ȗȖȓȒȖȊ
ǵȈ șȓțȎȉț Ȑ Ȋ ȘȈȉșȚȊȖ ȔȈȕȟȎțȘȖȊ

Ƕ țȎȈș ǵȈ șȍȊȍȘȍ ȖȋȕȍȔ ȕȈș ȗțȋȈȓȈ ȒȖȔȍȚȈ
ǰ ȗȘȍȌȊȍȡȈȓȈ ȗȈȌȍȕȤȍ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȞȈȘșȚȊȈ
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȈ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȤȍ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȍ Ȑ ȊȖȗȓȐ
ȘȈȏȌȈȓȐșȤ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ
ǷȖȊșȦȌț ȒȖșȚȐ ȉȍȓȍȦȚ DzȈȒ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ
Ǵȣ — ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ șȚȘȈȕȈ
ǷȖȌțȓ ș ȏȈȗȈȌȈ ȊȍȚȍȘ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȍș ȓȐȠȤ ȋȖȘȍ Ȑ ȔțȒț
ǵȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȉȖȑ ȏȈ șȊȖȉȖȌț
ǩȍȓȣȍ ȜȓȈȋȐ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ Ȗ ȘȈȉșȚȊȍ ȕȍȊȖȓȍ Ȟȍȗȧȝ
ǰ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȑȏ ǭȊȘȖȗȣ ȊȖȑșȒȈ
ǴȘȈȒ ȓȐȠȤ șȗȈșȈȍȚ ȕȈș ȖȚ ȉȖȧȏȕȐ.
ǵȖ ȊșȓțȠȈȑȚȍșȤ Ȋ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ ȏȊțȒȐ ȉȍȏȏȊȍȏȌȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ
ǹȓȣȠȐȚȍ ȓȐ Ȋȣ ȒȈȒ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȞȍ Ȋ ǷȍȒȐȕȍ ȗȐȘțȦȚ ȟțȎȍșȚȘȈȕȞȣ"
DzȈȒ ȉȘȍȠȤ ȗȘȖȉȐȊȈȦȚ Ȋ șȚȍȕȍ ȌȈȕȕȣȍ ȐȔ ȗȘȈȊȈ
ǰ ȗȘȖȌȈȦȚ ȐȔ ȕȈȠ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȑ șȓȈȊȕȣȑ DzȐȚȈȑ
ǶȕȐ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ ȋȘțȏȧȚ șȊȖȐ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐ Ȕȣ ș ȋȖȓȖȌț ȔȘȍȔ Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȐȔ
ǪȖȎȌȐ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȍȊ Ȋ ȘȈȏȋțȓȍ Ȑ ȗȍșȕȧȝ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȧȚ Ȋșȍ ȌȕȐ
ǵȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȕȈȠȐȝ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȑ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȐȚ ȕȈȠȐȝ
ȊȖȗȓȍȑ
ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȚ șȓȍȏ DzȐȚȈȧ Ǫșȍ ȔȖȓȟȐȚ ȒȘțȋȖȔ
ǻȊȣ ǷȖȊșȦȌț țȕȣȕȤȍ ȗȖȊșȦȌț șȒȖȘȉȤ ȖȌȕȈ
Ǵȣ — ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ șȚȘȈȕȈ
ǷȘȐȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȍ ȊȣȠȍ ȌȊȍ ȗȍșȕȐ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȖȋȖ șȖȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ șȖȉȖȑ ȓȐȠȤ ȓțȟȠȐȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȋ
ȥȚȖȔ ȘȖȌȍ ȕȖ ȐȔȐ ȕȍ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȖȉȠȐȘȕȈȧ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚț-
ȘȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ
ǯȈȒȈȕȟȐȊȈȧ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȖȟȍȘȒ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȕȍ ȖȚȔȍȚȐȚȤ
ȟȚȖ DzȐȚȈȑ — ȥȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȈ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ șȐȓ ȌțȠȐ Ȑ țȔȈ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȖȚ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕ ȗȘȖșȕțȊȠȍȑșȧ șȚȘȈȕȣ ȔȐȘȖȊȈȧ
ȒțȓȤȚțȘȈ, ȉȍȏ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ, ȗȖȓțȟȐȚ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȒȓȈȌȖȊ
ǵȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ
ȏȈȉȣȚȤ ȋȘțșȚȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȑ ȗȍșȕȐ
ǹȟȈșȚȤȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȚȖȒȖȔ ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȍȕȐȑ
ǷȍșȕȦ ȔȖȦ ȏȈȋȓțȠȈȓȈ ȕȈșȔȍȠȒȈ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ
ǴȖȧ ȎȍȕȈ șȚȈȓȈ ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȕȖȑ ȉȓțȌȕȐȞȍȑ
Ǩ ȘȖȌȐȕȈ — ȔȘȈȟȕȖȑ ȚȦȘȤȔȖȑ

ǿȀǶȃǼȀǰǼǾdzǻǶȍ ǰ ǽǾǼǵdz ǽǼȋȀǮ ǹǶ ǯǼ
ǰǼǿǽdzǰǮȌȇǶdz ǽǾǶǾǼDzȁ
Ǫ ǨȓȍȒșȍȍȊ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȓ ș ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȋȖ ȧȏȣȒȈ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ șȚȐȝȖ-
ȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȥȚȈ dzȐ ǩȖ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȥȚȖ țȔȍȓȖ ȐșȒțșȕȖ ȓȈȊȐȘțȧ
ȔȍȎȌț ǹȞȐȓȓȖȑ Ȑ ǽȈȘȐȉȌȖȑ țȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȖ-ȗȖȌȘȈȎȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ
șȚȐȓȧ Ȑ ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȕȣȝ șȓȖȊ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ șȈȔȣȝ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȝ ȗȖȥ-
ȚȖȊ ǵȍȉȍșȕȖȑ ǰȔȗȍȘȐȐ ǷȍȘȍȊȍȌȍȕȣ ȌȊȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȝ
ȌȘțȋ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȈ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ «Ǵȕȍ ȎȈȓȤ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ
Ȋȍșȕȣ» Ȑ «Ǫȍșȍȕȕȧȧ ȋȘțșȚȤ» Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ «ȇșȕȈȧ ȖșȍȕȤ șȒȖȘȉ-
ȕȣȍ șȚȘȖȜȣ» Ȑ, ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ — «Ǫȍșȍȕȕȧȧ ȕȖȟȤ Ȑ ȗȐȘ ȊȖ ȜȘțȒ-
ȚȖȊȖȔ șȈȌț» ǴȕȖȋȐȍ șȚȘȖȒȐ ȥȚȐȝ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈș-
ȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȦȚ ȉțȘȕȣȑ Ȑ ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȌȢȍȔ dzȐ ǩȖ ȉȓȐȏ-
ȒȐȑ Ȑ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȑ ȕȈȔ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȈȔ
— ǷȖȋȘțȎȈȦșȤ Ȋ șȚȐȝ — Ȑ ȗȍșȕȤ ȔȖȧ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȈ
— ǫȓȧȎț ȕȈ ȕȍȉȖ Ȑ ȊȐȎț ȒȈȒ ȕȍșȍȚșȧ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕ ȋțșȍȑ ȗȖșȚȍ-
ȗȍȕȕȖ ȚȈȧ ȊȌȈȓȐ
— ǷȤȧȕȍȦ ȋȘțșȚȤȦ ț ȗȓȈȒțȟȍȑ ȐȊȣ
— ǵȖ Ȑ ȋȘțșȚȤ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȉȍșȟȐșȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȚȖȓȗȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ
ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȐ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȉțȎȌȈȦȚșȧ Ȑ ȍȌȐȕȧȚșȧ ȕȈ
ȥȚȖȔ ȉȓȈȋȖțȝȈȕȕȖȔ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒȍ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ
— ǶȗȈȌȈȍȚ ȓȖȚȖș ǸȍȒȈ ȗȖȌȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ ȖșȍȕȕȐȔȐ ȒȘȈșȒȈȔȐ ǬȖȓ-
ȋȐȑ-ȌȖȓȋȐȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ǬȓȐȕȕȈȧ ȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ ȕȖȟȤ
— ǹȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ȍșȓȐ Ȕȣ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȐȔ Ȓ șȚȐȝȈȔ ȚȖ Ȋ
ȟȍȔ Ȏȍ Ȕȣ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȔ șȊȖȐ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȍ ȚȖȕȒȐȍ ȔȣșȓȐ"
Ǫ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȜȘȈȏȍ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȟȐȒȈ șȓȣȠȐȚșȧ ȖȉȍȡȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȐȚȤ Ȓ ȗȖȓȕȖȔț ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌț șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȑ dzȐ ǩȖ ȅȚȖ
ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ dzȐ ǩȖ — ȥȚȖ ǹȍȝȖ-
ȑȓȧȕ» Ț ș ȗȖȥȚ ȧȘȒȖ ȉȓȐșȚȈȊȠȐȑ șȊȖȐȔ ȚȈȓȈȕȚȖȔ ș ȌȍȚșȚ-
ȊȈ
 ȥȚȖ ȌȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ șȈȔȖȑ țȚȖȕȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȔȕȖȋȖȊȍȒȖȊȖȑ ȒțȓȤ-
ȚțȘȣ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȋȖ Ƿȥ-ǹȐȕȧ ǷȖȥȚ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȕȖ ȏȈȚȖ ȐȏȉȘȈȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȖȚȔȍȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȘțȒȖȑ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ

224
ǽǾǶǺdzȅǮǻǶȍ
Ǫșȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȗțȉȓȐȒțȦȚșȧ ȗȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȐȏȌȈȕȐȧȔ ȖȚȒțȌȈ
ȊȏȧȚȣ Ȑ ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȈȞȐȐ ǶȘȜȖȋȘȈȜȐȧ Ȑ ȗțȕȒȚțȈȞȐȧ ȚȍȒșȚȖȊ ȗȘȐȉ-
ȓȐȎȍȕȣ Ȓ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȖȘȔȈȔ ȉȍȏȖȋȖȊȖȘȖȟȕȖ ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȣ ȕȍ-
șȖȔȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȗȍȟȈȚȒȐ ǰȔȍȕȈ ȋȍȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȚȍȘȔȐ-
ȕȣ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȖ ȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȣ ȉȍȏ ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȐȑ
Ǫ ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȐ ȖȉȓȖȎȒȐ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕ ȘȐșțȕȖȒ ȖȉȓȖȎȒȐ ȗȍȘ-
ȊȖȋȖ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȒȕȐȋȐ Ǩ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ǯȊȍȘȐ ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ ȉȖ-
ȋȐ ǸȐȋȈ ȐȏȌ ǫ dz ǩȐȘȒȋȈȕ 

___
ȅȝȖ șȍȌȖȑ șȚȈȘȐȕȣ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǵȖȊȣȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ Ȍȓȧ Ȋșȍȝ  ȹ  șȍȕȚȧȉȘȤ
ǵȖȟȤ Ȋ ȝȘȈȔȍ ǨȔȖ-ǬȎȈȕ-ǵȐȕ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǪȍșȤ ȔȐȘ.  ȹ 
ǹȖȟȍȓȤȕȐȒ Ȋ șȚȈȘȖȔ ȏȈȔȒȍ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǮȐȏȕȤ Ȑ șțȌ.  ȹ 
ǹ 42. Tenez! — ȏȌȍșȤ ©ǬȍȘȎȐȚȍ ȍȍª (ȜȘ.).
dzȖȎȈ ǹȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǨȓȔȈȏȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǨȘȋțș 1913. ȹ  ȐȦȓȤ

225
ǵȖȟȕȖȑ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȤ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǵȖȊȣȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ Ȍȓȧ Ȋșȍȝ  ȹ  ȕȖȧȉȘȤ
ǹ 2. ...«Osservatore Romano» — ȚȖȟȕȍȍ L'Osservatore Roma-
no ©ǸȐȔșȒȐȑ ȖȉȖȏȘȍȊȈȚȍȓȤª
 ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȈȧ ȋȈȏȍȚȈ ǪȈȚȐȒȈȕȈ ȕȍ ȧȊ-
ȓȧȦȡȈȧșȧ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȉȣȓȈ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȈ Ȋ  ȋ
ǹ 4. ȔȈȘȐȈȊȐȚȖȔ — ǬȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȔȈȘȐȈȊȐȚȖȊ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȓȖ Ȋ
ǷȖȓȤȠȍ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ XIX – ȕȈȟ ǽǽ Ȋ ȒȈȒ ȘȍȜȖȘȔȐșȚșȒȖȍ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ Ȋȕț-
ȚȘȐ ȒȈȚȖȓȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ ȖȚ ȒȖȚ ȖȚȒȖȓȖȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȍ ȒȖȕȜȓȐȒ-
ȚȈ ș ȍȗȐșȒȖȗȈȔȐ ȖȜȖȘȔȐȊȠȐșȤ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȏȈȊȐșȐȔȈȧ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕșȒȈȧ
ȒȖȕȜȍșșȐȧ
ǹ 4. O Venus! … aedem — ©ǾȈȘȐȞȈ ǫȕȐȌȖșȈ Ȑ ǷȈȜȖșȈ ǪȍȕȍȘȈ 
ǶșȚȈȊȤ ȓȦȉȐȔȣȑ DzȐȗȘ Ȑ ș ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȔ ȟȍȓȖȔ  ǺțȌȈ ȋȌȍ ȓȈȌȈȕȖȔ
ȏȖȊȍȚ Țȍȉȧ ǫȓȐȞȍȘȈ  ǹȖȑȌȐ Ȋ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȑ ȌȖȔª ǫȖȘȈȞȐȑ ǶȌȣ I,
ǽǽǽ ȗȍȘ Ǩ ǼȍȚȈ
.
ǹ 66. ... ©ǹȈȋȘȍ diem!» — ȉțȒȊ ©dzȖȊȐ ȌȍȕȤª Ț ȍ ©ȓȖȊȐ ȔȐ-
ȕțȚțª ©ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȑșȧ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȖȔª ȓȈȚ
 ȒȘȣȓȈȚȖȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ
ȊȏȧȚȖȍ Ȑȏ ǶȌ ǫȖȘȈȞȐȧ
ǩȍȋ ȒȖȕȞȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǶȋȖȕȍȒ 1913. ȹ   
 ȔȈȘȚȈ
ǺȈȑȕȈ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȚȍȈȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǶȋȖȕȍȒ 1912. ȹ 52,  ȌȍȒȈȉȘȧ (7 ȧȕȊȈȘȧ
.
ǴȐșș — ȗșȍȊȌȖȕȐȔ ȝțȌ Ǩ Ǫ ǸȍȔȐȏȖȊȖȑ-ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊȖȑ
ǹ 90. ...«Lȍ chevalier de l’Aubel» — ©ȀȍȊȈȓȤȍ Ȍȍ ȓ¶ǶȉȍȓȤª ȜȘ.).

226
DzȓȈȌ ȈȚȈȔȈȕȈ ǶȟȍȘȍȚȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǴȐȘ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȑ.  ȹ 
ǺȈȑȕȈ ȚȘȍȝ șȔȍȘȚȍȑ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǶȋȖȕȍȒ 1913. ȹ   
 ȖȒȚȧȉȘȧ
ǸȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ǩ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȕȍȘȍȌȒȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȐȚȤ Ȋ
țșȓȖȊȕȣȍ ©ȞȐȒȓȣª ȐȓȐ ©șȍȘȐȐª ȟȚȖ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ ȌȍȓȈȓ șȈȔ ȈȊȚȖȘ
Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȖȓȤșȒȐȝ ȒȕȐȋȈȝ ǺȈȒȖȊȣ Ȓ ȗȘȐȔȍȘț ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ȗ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ȕȈ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȔ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ Ȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȝ ȗȘȐȐșȒȈȝ ȓȐȉȖ ȘȧȌ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍ-
ȕȐȑ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȖȉȘȈȏȈȔȐ ©șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȈª ȖȚȒțȌȈ
Ȕȣ ȊȣȕȍșȓȐ Ȋ ȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ǺȈȑȕȈ
șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȚȍȈȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ) ǸȈșșȒȈȏ ǺȈȑȕȈ ȚȘȍȝ șȔȍȘȚȍȑ,
ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȌȊȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌțȦȡȐȝ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚșȧ Ȓ țșȓȖȊȕȖȑ șȍȘȐȐ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȘțșșȒȐȔ șȚțȌȍȕȚȈȔ ȐȓȐ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȧȔ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȍȑ Ȑ ȚȈȒ-
Ȏȍ ȕȍ ȓȐȠȍȕȕȖȑ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȖȊ ȓȐȉȖ ȗȘȧȔȖȑ ȜȈȕ-
ȚȈșȚȐȒȐ Ǫ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ©ȈȓȝȐȔȐȟȍșȒȐȝª Ȑ ȖȒȒțȓȤȚ-
ȕȣȝ țȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȑ ǶșșȍȕȌȖȊșȒȖȋȖ șȔ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȐȎȍ ȖȟȍȘȒ DzȘȖȊȤ
ȏȈ ȏȕȈȕȐȍ
ǹ 119. ...Bericht¶ȖȊ — Bericht — ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȐ ©ȖȚȟȍȚ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȖȒȖȓ ȖȗȣȚȈª ȕȍȔ.).
ǹ 121. ǸțȌȖȓȤȜȈ ǹȓȍȗȖȋȖ — ȗȖȌ ȥȚȐȔ ȗȘȖȏȊȐȡȍȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣ
ȗȜȈȓȤȞȋȘȈȜ ǸȍȑȕșȒȐȑ ǸțȌȖȓȤȜ II Ȑ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȒțȘȜȦȘșȚ ǹȈȒșȖȕȐȐ
ǸțȌȖȓȤȜ ȖȉȈ ȎȐȊȠȐȍ Ȋ XIV Ȋ
ǰȏ ȎȐȏȕȐ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǵȖȊȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ  ȹ  ȈȊȋțșȚ ǵȍȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȓȈ-
Ȓțȕȣ Ȋ ȌȖșȚțȗȕȖȔ ȕȈȔ ȥȒȏ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȣ ȗȖ șȔȣșȓț
ǹ 5. ...«Handbuch» — Ț ȍ șȗȘȈȊȖȟȕȐȒ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌșȚȊȖ ȕȍȔ.).

227
ǹ 2. ǸȍȕȈȕȈ — ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȑ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜ Ȑș-
ȚȖȘȐȒ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȐ Ȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȅ ǸȍȕȈȕ -1892).
C. 133. ...Schutzmann¶ȣ — Schutzmann — ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒȐȑ ȕȍȔ.).
ǬțȥȓȤ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǨȘȋțș. 19 ȹ  ȈȗȘȍȓȤ
ǹ 7. ...«Chat noir» — ©ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ȒȖȚª ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖȍ ȒȈȉȈȘȍ ȕȈ
ǴȖȕȔȈȘȚȘȍ (1881-
 Ǫ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȖȌ-
ȕȖȐȔȍȕȕȖȍ ȏȈȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȠȍȍșȧ ȕȈ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘȍ DzȓȐȠȐ Ȋ  ȋ
ǹ 7. ǺȐȝȖ ȌȊȐȎțȚșȧ Ȋ ȚțȔȈȕȍ — ǺȈȒ ț ȈȊȚȖȘȈ ȊȔȍșȚȖ
©ǺȐȝȖ ȗȓȈȊȈȦȚª
ǩțȠȐȌȖ
ǸȈșșȒȈȏ ȊȏȧȚ Ȑȏ ȈȊȚȖȘșȒȖȋȖ șȉ 6]NDUáDWQ\ NZLDW NDPHOLL ©Ǩȓȣȑ
ȞȊȍȚȖȒ ȒȈȔȍȓȐȐ ǸȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ȑȏ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐª 
 ǸțșșȒȐȑ ȗȍȘ.
ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǿȈșȖȊȖȑ ǷȈȘȐȎ
  ȹ   ȧȕȊȈȘȧ
ǽȈȘȈȒȐȘȐ
ǸȈșșȒȈȏ ȊȏȧȚ Ȑȏ ȈȊȚȖȘșȒȖȋȖ șȉ. 6]NDUáDWQ\ NZLDW NDPHOLL ©Ǩȓȣȑ
ȞȊȍȚȖȒ ȒȈȔȍȓȐȐ ǸȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ȑȏ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐª 
 ǸțșșȒȐȑ ȗȍȘ.
ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǿȈșȖȊȖȑ ǷȈȘȐȎ
  ȹ  5 ȜȍȊȘȈȓȧ.
DzȘȖȊȤ ȏȈ ȏȕȈȕȐȍ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǨȘȋțș  ȹ  ȕȖȧȉȘȤ ȗȖȌ ȗșȍȊȌ ǴȈȘȒ ǿȍȘȚ-
ȊȈȕ

ǶȟȍȘȒ ȕȈșȣȡȍȕ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȔȐ ȊȣȌțȔȒȈȔȐ ȟȈșȚȤȦ ȏȈȐȔșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ Ȑȏ ȘȈșȝȖȎȍȋȖ ȖȒȒțȓȤȚȐȏȔȈ ȕȈȟ ǽǽ Ȋ ȟȈșȚȐȟȕȖ Ȏȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȡȐȔȐ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ șȈȔȖȔț ȈȊȚȖȘț ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ Ȑȝ ȕȍ
ȊȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȕȈȠȐ ȏȈȌȈȟȐ.
ǹ  ǷȐȖȉȉ — Ƿ ǷȐȖȉȉ -
 ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȑ ȎțȘȕȈ-
ȓȐșȚ Ȑ ȥȏȖȚȍȘȐȒ șȟȐȚȈȊȠȐȑ șȍȉȧ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȍȔ ©ȕȈțȟȕȖȋȖª
ȖȒȒțȓȤȚȐȏȔȈ Ǫ  ȋ ȗȖȌ ȏȈȋȓ ǬȘȍȊȕȧȧ ȊȣșȠȈȧ ȔȈȋȐȧ ȕȈ Șțș-
șȒȖȔ ȧȏ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȊȖȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȗțȓȧȘȕȖȋȖ ȚȘțȌȈ Formu-
laire de Haute Magie (1907).
dzȍȋȍȕȌȣ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȤȧ Ȗ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȈȔȕȧȝ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǵȖȊȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ.  ȹ 
ǹȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȍ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȖ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȊ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǨȗȖȓȓȖȕ  ȹ 
ǹȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖȏȍ ȗȖȥȚȈ dzȐ ǩȖ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǨȗȖȓȓȖȕ  ȹ  ȏȈ ȗȖȌȗȐșȤȦ Ǩ Ƕșș-Ȑȑ.
ǸȍȞȍȕȏȐȧ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȈ ȉȘȖȠȦȘȍ ȉțȌțȡȍȋȖ ȈȒȈȌ Ǫ Ǵ ǨȓȍȒșȍȍ-
ȊȈ -1951) ǹȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖȏȍ ȗȖȥȚȈ dzȐ ǩȖ ȊȖșȗȍȊȈȦ-
ȡȐȍ ȗȘȐȘȖȌț ǹǷȉ  ȖȚȌ ȖȚȚȐșȒ Ȑȏ ǯȈȗȐșȖȒ ǪȖșȚȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȖȚ-
ȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ ǰȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ǸȖșșȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ǨȘȝȍȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ Ȗ-ȊȈ Ǻ
ǽǽ 
 Ȋȣȗ II-III, 1911).

229
ǶȋȓȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ
ǶȚ șȖșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȍȑ
7
ȅȝȖ șȍȌȖȑ șȚȈȘȐȕȣ
9
ǵȖȟȤ Ȋ ȝȘȈȔȍ ǨȔȖ-ǬȎȈ-ǵȐȕ
15
ǹȖȟȍȓȤȕȐȒ Ȋ șȚȈȘȖȔ ȏȈȔȒȍ
37
dzȖȎȈ ǹȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǨȓȔȈȏȈ
44
ǵȖȟȕȖȑ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȤ
60
ǩȍȋ ȒȖȕȞȈ
78
ǺȈȑȕȈ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȚȍȈȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ
88
DzȓȈȌ ȈȚȈȔȈȕȈ ǶȟȍȘȍȚȈ
99
ǺȈȑȕȈ ȚȘȍȝ șȔȍȘȚȍȑ
116
ǰȏ ȎȐȏȕȐ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ
124
ǬțȥȓȤ ǹȚȈȘȞȍȊȈ ǰȏ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȘțșșȒȐȝ șȚțȌȍȕȚȖȊ
146
ǩțȠȐȌȖ
162
ǽȈȘȈȒȐȘȐ
166
ǶȟȍȘȒȐ
DzȘȖȊȤ ȏȈ ȏȕȈȕȐȍ
177
dzȍȋȍȕȌȣ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȤȧ Ȗ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȈȔȕȧȝ
201

ǷȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ
ǹȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȍ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȖ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȊ
214
ǹȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖȏȍ ȗȖȥȚȈ dzȐ ǩȖ
223
ǷȘȐȔȍȟȈȕȐȧ
224