Великий град трепангов. Собрание сочинений. Том I. Библиотека авангарда - Март В. (Матвеев В.Н.)

В. МАРТ. ВЕЛИКИЙ ГРАД ТРЕПАНГОВ øСобрание сочинений. Т. Iù
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Приложение. Фаин. Избранные стихотворения
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Автор: Март В. (Матвеев В.Н.)
Теги: стихотворения художественная литература
Год: 2020
Похожие
Cклянка Тян-ши-нэ. Собрание сочинений. Том II. Библиотека авангарда
Мозговой ражжиж. Поэзия и проза фуистов. Библиотека авангарда
До новой зари. (Библиотека авангарда). Стихи, статьи, воспоминания, документы
Тринадцать. Оккультные рассказы. Собрание рассказов. Том I
Текст
                    ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ
ǴǨǸǺ
ǪǭǳǰǲǰǱ ǫǸǨǬ
ǺǸǭǷǨǵǫǶǪ
ǹȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȑ
ǺȖȔ I
CȜȟȠȎȐȖȠȓșȪ
ǿȓȞȑȓȗ ȆǮǾǱǼǾǼǲǿǸǶǷ
ȝȞȖ ȏșȖȔȎȗȦȓȚ ȡȥȎȟȠȖȖ
ǮșȓȘȟȎțȒȞȎ ǿȀǳǽǮǻǼǰǮ
Salamandra P.V.V.

ǴȈȘȚ Ǫ. (ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊ Ǫ ǵ)
ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȋȘȈȌ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȊ ǹȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȑ Ǻ I). CȖșȚ ǹ ȀȈȘȋȖȘȖȌșȒȐȑ
ȗȘȐ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȍȔ țȟȈșȚȐȐ Ǩ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊȈ ǷȖȌȋ ȚȍȒșȚȖȊ ȉȐȖȋȘ ȖȟȍȘȒ Ȑ ȒȖȔȔ ǹ
ȀȈȘȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȋȖ — ǩ Ȕ Salamandra P.V.V., 2020. — 350 ș Ȑȓȓ ǩȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȈ
ȈȊȈȕȋȈȘȌȈ Ȋȣȗ XXXVII).
ǵȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ șȖȉȖȑ ȗȍȘȊȖȍ Ȑ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȑ
ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ ǴȈȘȚȈ — ©ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȥȚȈª ȌȘțȋȈ ȖȉȥȘȐțȚȖȊ Ȑ ȏȈțȔȕȐȒȖȊ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȣ ȈȊȈȕȋȈȘȌȈ
ǬȈȓȤȕȍȋȖ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ ȔȖȘȜȐȕȐșȚȈ Ȑ ȖȗȐȖȔȈȕȈ ȗȘȖȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ ȗțȚȤ ȖȚ ȏȈȊșȍȋȌȈȚȈȧ ȊȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ-
șȒȐȝ ȒȈȉȈȘȍ Ȑ ȕȈȘȒȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȘȐȚȖȕȖȊ ǽȈȘȉȐȕȈ ȌȖ ȘȈșșȚȘȍȓȈ Ȋ ǲȐȍȊȍ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț ǽȖȚȧ Ǫ
ǴȈȘȚȈ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȖ ȗȘȐȟȐșȓȧȚȤ Ȓ ȜțȚțȘȐșȚȈȔ ȍȋȖ ȘȍȌȟȈȑȠȐȍ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȐ -ȝ – ȕȈȟȈȓȈ -ȝ ȋȋ
șȖȟȍȚȈȦȡȐȍ șȚȐȝȐ Ȑ ȊȐȏȐȖȕȍȘșȒțȦ ȗȘȖȏț ȕȍ ȗȖȌȌȈȦȚșȧ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȧȔ ǷȖȏȌȕȍȍ Ǫ
ǴȈȘȚ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȏȈȐȒ ȈȊȚȖȘ ȧȘȒȐȝ Ȑ ȕȈșȣȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȥȒȏȖȚȐȒȖȑ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȋȖ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ ǲȐȚȈȧ
Ȑ ȇȗȖȕȐȐ ȗȖȊȍșȚȍȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ Ȑ ȖȟȍȘȒȖȊ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȖȋȖ Ȋ șȖȈȊȚȖȘșȚȊȍ ȈȊȈȕȚȦȘȕȖȋȖ
ȘȖȔȈȕȈ ©ǮȍȓȚȣȑ ȌȤȧȊȖȓª ǷȖȌȈȊȓȧȦȡȍȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ ȊȖȠȍȌȠȐȝ Ȋ ȌȈȕ-
ȕȖȍ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍȌȖșȚțȗȕȣȔ Ȍȓȧ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ǹȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ șȕȈȉȎȍȕȖ ȗȖȌ-
ȘȖȉȕȣȔȐ ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚȈȘȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȊȒȓȦȟȈȍȚ ȉȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȣ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȐșȓȍ șȓȍȌșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ  ȋ ȜȈȒșȐȔȐȓȤȕȣȍ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȐ ȘȍȗȘȖȌțȒȞȐȐ ȖȉȓȖȎȍȒ Ȑ ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȈȞȐȑ
ȗȍȘȊȖȐȏȌȈȕȐȑ
©ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȋȘȈȌ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȊª ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȚȖȔ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ ȊȒȓȦȟȈȍȚ Ȋșȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȎȐȏȕȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȐ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ ȝ – ȕȈȟȈȓȈ -ȝ ȋȋ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȕȣȑ șȉȖȘȕȐȒ  ȋ ©ǸțșȤ
— ȒȘȖȊȤ ȔȖȧ!ª Ȑ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ Ȑȏ ȈȘȝȐȊȖȊ Ȑ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȑ.
© A. Stepanov, S. Shargorodsky, cȖșȚȈȊ, 2020
© S. Shargorodsky, ȗȖȌȋ ȚȍȒșȚȈ ,ȉȐȖȋȘ ȖȟȍȘȒ ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚ 
© Salamandra P.V.V ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȍ 20

ǪǭǳǰǲǰǱ ǫǸǨǬ
ǺǸǭǷǨǵǫǶǪ

ɈɌ ɂɁȾȺɌȿɅɖɋɌȼȺ
ǷȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȍȔȖȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȦ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȑ ȏȈȊȍȘȠȈȍȚ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȗȖ ȗțȉ-
ȓȐȒȈȞȐȐ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȕȈșȓȍȌȐȧ ȗȖȥȚȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȏȈȐȒȈ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ Ǫ ǵ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȈ -1937),
ȕȈȟȈȚțȦ ȕȈȔȐ Ȋ  ȋ ș ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȏȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ  ȓȍȚ ȗȍȘȍȐȏȌȈȕȐȍȔ ȚȘȍȝȚȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȖȔȈȕȈ
Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ Ȑ ǵ ǲȖșȚȈȘȍȊȈ ©ǮȍȓȚȣȑ ȌȤȧȊȖȓª ȐȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȊȍȘȠȍȕȖ Ȋ  ȋ
ǰȏȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ Salamandra P.V.V. Ȑ șȖșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȦȚ ȋȓțȉȖȒțȦ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘ-
ȕȖșȚȤ șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȒȈȔ ǽȈȉȈȘȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȒȘȈȍȊȖȋȖ Ȕțȏȍȧ ȐȔ ǵ ǰ ǫȘȖȌȍȒȖȊȈ ǫȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȈȘȝȐȊȈ ǽȈȉȈȘȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȒȘȈȧ Ǵțȏȍȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȋȖ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ ȐȔ Ǫ ǲ ǨȘșȍȕȤȍȊȈ ǪȓȈ-
ȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ ǫȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖ-ȔȍȔȖȘȐȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ Ȕțȏȍȧ Ǩȕȕȣ ǨȝȔȈȚȖȊȖȑ Ȋ
ǼȖȕȚȈȕȕȖȔ ǬȖȔȍ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋ ǸȖșșȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȈȘȝȐȊȈ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȣ Ȑ Ȑș-
ȒțșșȚȊȈ ǫȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȈȘȝȐȊȈ ǸȖșșȐȑșȒȖȑ ǼȍȌȍȘȈȞȐȐ ǸȖșșȐȑșȒȖȑ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ
ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȐ Ȑ ǸȖșșȐȑșȒȖȑ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȐ ȏȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ Ȋ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ
ǵȍȖȞȍȕȐȔțȦ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ Ȋ șȉȖȘȍ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȖȊ ȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈȔ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ ǹȚȍȗȈȕȖȊ ȉȍȏ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȐ
țȗȖȘșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖșȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣ șȖșȚȖȧȚȤșȧ

ǿǳǾǱǳǷ ǮǹȉǺǼǰ
ǽǾǮǰǻȁǸ ǰǶǹǹǼǻǮ
Ǽ ǰȓțȓȒȖȘȠȓ ǺȎȞȠȓ

9
ǭșȚȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȉȍȌȐȔȖȍ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ Ȋ ȉȍșȗțȚȕȣȝ ȗȖȥȚȈȝ ȏȐȋȏȈȋȈȔȐ
ȐȌțȡȐȝ ȗȖ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȖ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȡȐȝșȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȏțȒȖȘȐȏȕȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȧȔȖȑ ȓȐȕȐȐ ȔȍȟȚȣ
ǷȤȧȕȐȞȣ ȌȍȉȖȠȐȘȣ ȉȘȍȚȍȘȣ Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȘȈȚȕȐȒȐ ȓȦȉȐȊȠȐȍ ȠțȔȕȣȍ ȚȈȊȍȘȕȣ,
ȕȖȟȓȍȋȐ Ȋ șȚȖȋȈȝ șȊȍȎȍȋȖ șȍȕȈ ȏȊȍȏȌȕȣȍ ȒȍȑȜȣ ȕȈ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘȕȣȝ șȒȈȔȍȑȒȈȝ —
ȥȚȐ ȊȣȝȖȌȧȡȐȍ Ȑȏ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ ȗȘȐȓȐȟȕȖ-ȗȘȐȓȐȏȈȕȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȚ
șȖȉȖȑ ȔȍȚȍȖȘȣ țȗȈȊȠȐȍ ș ȕȍȉȈ Ȑ ȕȍ țȔȍȦȡȐȍ ȎȐȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȓȦȌȐ ȎȐȊțȚ
ǹȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȔȧȋȒȈ ȗȖȟȊȈ ȖȘȌȐȕȈȘȕȣȝ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ ȟțȊșȚȊ Ȑ ȥȔȖȞȐȑ
ǵȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȧ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ șȚȘȈșȚȐ ȔȈșșȣ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȚȈȒ ȊȧȏȒȐ Ȑ ȐȓȐșȚȣ ȟȚȖ ȒȈ-
ȔȍȕȤ țȗȈȊȠȐȑ șȊȍȘȝț ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȚȘȍȔȐȚșȧ Ȋ șȐȓț șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȊȍșȈ
ȕȈ ȌȕȖ
ǵȈ șȈȔȖȍ ȌȕȖ
ǰ ȗȖȥȚȣ — ȕȍȉȍșȕȣȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ — ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȌȕȍȔ șȊȖȍȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ țȝȖȌȧȚ
ȋȓțȉȎȍ Ȑ ȋȓțȉȎȍ Ȋ ȉȍȏȌȕț ȗȖȘȖȒȖȊ ȘȈȏȊȘȈȚȈ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ
ǿȍȘȕȈȧ ȋȓțȉȐȕȈ Ȍȓȧ ȕȐȝ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȍȍ șȊȍȚȓȖȑ ȗȓȖșȒȖșȚȖȗȐȐ
ǹȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȍ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈ ȌȕȖ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȊșȦ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȤ ȗȖȓȍȚȈ
***
ǼȘȈȕșțȈ ǪȐȓȓȖȕ [ǪȐȑȖȕ] ȉȣȓ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȍȑȠȐȔ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘȖȔ ȕȍ-
ȗȘȐȒȈȧȕȕȣȝ ȗȖȥȚȖȊ Ƕȕ ȕȍșȘȈȊȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȖȚȍȞ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȍȗȘȐȟȍșȈȕȕȣȝ ȊȏȓȖȝȔȈȟȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȉȍșȗțȚȕȣȝ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȒȖȊ Ȕțȏȣ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦȡȐȝ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖȋȖ ȎȐȓȤȧ ȎȐȊțȡȐȝ
ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ ȕȈ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘȍ Ȋ ȚȦȘȤȔȍ ȕȈ ȘȍȟȕȖȑ ȉȈȘȎȍ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȔȖșȚȖȔ
ǪȐȓȓȖȕ — ȌȊȈȎȌȣ ȊȐșȍȓȤȕȐȒ — ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȣȑ ȊȖȘ Ȑ țȉȐȑȞȈ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ
ȔȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȑ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȤ ȕȈȟȈȓ șȖȉȖȑ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȑ ȘȧȌ ȉȘȖȌȧȟȐȝ ȗȍȊȞȖȊ,
ȟȍȑ ©ȌȖȔ ȊȍȏȌȍ ȋȌȍ ȕȍȉȈ șȊȖȌ ȋȌȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȣȠȕȣ ȏȊțȒȐ ȗȍșȍȕª
ǷȖȥȚȣ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȒȓȈȌȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȊȓȈȌȍȍȚ ©Ȍțȝ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȑ Ȍțȝ ȗȖȘȖȟȕȣȑª
ȋȘȍȠȈȡȐȍ ȕȈȘȒȖȏȈȔȐ ȕȐȡȍȕșȚȊțȦȡȐȍ ȟȈșȚȖ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȎȈȓȒȐȍ ȗȖ ȊȕȍȠȕȖșȚȐ —
ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȐȔȐ ȒȘȍȏȈȔȐ ȋȘȨȏ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȖșȓȍȗȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȝ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡ ȌțȝȈ ǪȍȘȓȍȕ — șȖȏȌȈȊȠȐȑ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȕȣȍ ©ȗȍșȕȐ ȉȍȏ șȓȖȊ»
Ȋ șȈȔȣȍ ȋȘțȉȣȍ ȌȕȐ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ — ȉȓȐȏȒȈȧ ȘȖȌȕȧ ǪȐȓȓȖȕȈ
ǨȘȚțȘ ǸȍȔȉȖ — ȏȈȉȐȧȒȈ Ȑ ȋȘțȉȐȧȕ ȓȦȉȐȊȠȐȑ ȓȍȎȈ Ȋ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȑ ȒȈȕȈȊȍ șȔȖȚ-
ȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȚȖȎȍ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȊȐȓȓȖȕȖȊ
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ǵȈ țȓȐȞȈȝ ǽȈȘȉȐȕȈ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȊȐȓȓȖȕȖȊ ǵȍȓȍȗȈȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖ-
ȎȈȧ ȕȈ țȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȝȖȎȐȝ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȊȏȓȖȝȔȈȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȋ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȗȖȓȖȔ
ȞȍȗȓȧȦȡȍȔșȧ ȏȈ ȕȖȋȐ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ
ǫȖȘȖȌșȒȖȑ ȠȈȘȎ Ȑȏ ȉȖȌȓȍȘȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȈȓȤȉȈȚȘȖșȈ ș ȗȍȘȍȉȐȚȣȔȐ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ
ȗȍȘȍȉȐȚȣȍ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ ȏȈȔȍȕȧȦȚ ȗȖȓȣ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ǷȈȓȤȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȐȏȔȧ-
ȚȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȚ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȗȓȍȟ ǹȓȖȊȕȖ ȍȋȖ Ȗȉ-

10
ȓȈȌȈȚȍȓȤ — Ȋȍȟȕȣȑ ȠȈȚțȕ ȕȈȐȊȕȣȑ ȔȍȌȊȍȌȤ ȊȣȋȕȈȕȕȣȑ Ȑȏ ȉȍȘȓȖȋȐ
ǷȖȓȏȍȚ ǽȈȘȉȐȕ — ȋȖȘȖȌ ȖȚȧȎȍȓȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȔȧșȈ Ȑ ȖȚȧȎȍȓȍȊȠȐȝ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ ȖȚ Șȍ-
șȚȖȘȈȕȈ Ȓ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕț ȖȚ ȒȓțȉȈ Ȓ Ȓȓțȉț ȖȚ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ Ȓ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ
ǨȓȤȉȈȚȘȖș Ȋ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ȗȍȘȍșȍȒȈȍȚ țȓȐȞț ȗȖȌȒȖȊȣȓȐȊȈȍȚ Ȓ ȊȐȚȘȐȕȍ ©ǷȈȘȈȉȖ-
ȓȣª ǲțȏȤȔȐȕȈ ©ǲȘȖȊȤ-ȘțȌȈª — ȀȒȈȗșȒȖȑ ǲȕȐȎȒȐ șȚȐȝȖȊ ȔȈȠțȚ Ȑȏ ȖȒȕȈ Șț-
ȒȈȔȐ ȖȉȓȖȎȍȒ ǷȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȚ.
ǷȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈȧ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ ȗȖȥȚȖȊ ǵȈ țȓȐȞȍ ȘțșșȒȖ-ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ǩȍȏ șȓȖȊ
ǬțȠȈ Ȓ ȌțȠȍ
ǹȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ȖȚȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȖȚ ȊȐȚȘȐȕȣ ǲȖșȖ ȘȍȎȍȚ ȔȖșȚȖȊțȦ
ǷȖȌȉȍȋȈȍȚ Ȓ ȗȘȖȝȖȎȐȔ
— ȇ — ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ǴȈȘȚ ǲțȗȐȚȍ ȔȖȦ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȦȦ ȒȕȐȋț — ǰ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȍȚ ȚȖ-
ȕȍȕȤȒțȦ ȚȍȚȘȈȌȒț ȏȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕțȦ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȍȑ ȒȈȓȓȐȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȊȧȏȤȦ
— ǶȌȈ Ȓ ȟȍȘȕȐȓȤȕȐȞȍ ǷȐșȈȓ Ȋ ȔȖȘȜȐȓȒȍ ȗȘȐ șȊȍȟȒȍ ȅȚȖ — ȈȊȚȖȋȘȈȜȐ-
ȒȈǷȘȖȝȖȎȐȍ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧȚ
ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȉȍȘțȚ ȗȖșȐȕȍȊȠțȦ ȖȚ ȟȍȘȕȐȓ Ȑ ȚȖșȒȐ ȒȘȖȠȍȟȕțȦ ȚȍȚȘȈȌȒț — ȒțșȖ-
ȟȍȒ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȕȍȉȈ — Ȑ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȖ șțȕțȊ ȍȍ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧȚ ǷȘȖȝȖ-
ȎȐȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧȚ Ǩ ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ǴȈȘȚ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȠȍȕȣȍ ȓȖșȒțȚȒȐ ȉțȔȈ-
ȋȐ — ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ǯȈȎȐȔȈȍȚ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȒțȓȈȒ ǷȘȖȊȈȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȔ ȉȖȒȖȊȖȔ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȍ
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ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ǴȈȘȚ ȗȈȌȠȐȑ țȓȐȟȕȣȑ Ȉȕȋȍȓ ȌȍȓȧȡȐȑ șȊȖȐ ȌȖșțȋȐ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȈȘ-
ȒȖȏȕȣȔ șțȗȖȔ Ȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȖȉȓȈȒȈȔȐ — ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȈȊȕțȒ ǪȐȓȓȖȕȈ
Ǫ ȕȍȔ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȖȓțȗȖȋȐȉȠȍȔ — Ȋ ȉțȌȕȐȟȕȖȔ șȔȣșȓȍ — ȗȖȥȚȍ șȗȘȧȚȈȕ țȌȐȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȋȖȓțȉȖȑ ȘȖȌȕȐȒ ȔȍȟȚȣ
ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ țȝȈȉȣ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȧȦȚ ȍȔț ȉȖȓȤ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ Ȑș-
șȖȝȠȐȔȐ ȖȚ ȏȍȔȕȣȝ ȓȐȠȍȕȐȑ ȋțȉȈȔȐ Ȓ ȓȈȏțȘȕȣȔ șȚȘțȧȔ Ȑ ȗȖȍȚ țȊȓȈȎȕȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȕȍȉȖȔ ȔțȌȘȣȍ ȗȍșȕȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ
ǻ ǴȈȘȚȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȠȈȔȈȕșȒȐȝ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȝ ȐșȚȍȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȊȣȒȘȐȒȖȊ ȗțȚȈȕȣȝ
Ȑ ȉȍșșȊȧȏȕȣȝ ȒȈȒ ȉȘȍȌ ǩȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖ ȍȋȖ șȚȐȝȖȊ ȚȈȒȖȊȖ
ǵȖ ț ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ǴȈȘȚȈ ȍșȚȤ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȍ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȣȍ șȚȘȖȒȐ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȍ Șȍȉȍȕ-
Ȓț Ǫ ©ǲȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ șȚȐȝȈȝª ȐȏȌȈȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ǽȈȘȉȐȕȍ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȝ ȗȘȐȔȐ-
ȚȐȊȖȊ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȌȈ ȖȏȍȘȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȚ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕ ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ ǩȍȏȌȖȔȕȣȔ ȗȖȥȚȈȔ ȠȊȣȘȕțȊȠȐȔ șȊȖȐ ȌțȠȐ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȐ ȔȐ-
ȘȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣ ȌțȠȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈȘȖȌȖȊ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȊȍȒȈ
ǴȈȘȚț ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣ ȚȈȑȕȣ ȊȕȍȠȕȍ ȕȍȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȑ ǭȋȖ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȈȧ ȏȖȘȒȖșȚȤ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȈȍȚ ȏȈ ȒȖȎț ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖȋȖ Ǭȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȧșȕȈ ȞȍȓȤ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȐ ȌȊțȝ
șȐȕȐȝ ȜȐȋțȘ șȒȘȍșȚȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȊȣșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȒȘȦȟȒȈȔȐ — ȔȐȏȐȕȞȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ —
ǩȘȍȌțȚ ȘȈșȒȈȟȐȊȈȧ ȘțȒȐ
ǼȈȓȤȞȍȚȖȔ ȚȖȡȐȔ ȊȣȊȖȌȧ

ǺȧȋțȟȐȍ șȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȊțȒȐ
ǩȍșȗȍȟȕȖȑ ȗȍșȍȕȒȐ ȉȘȖȌȧȋ
ǷȘȈȏȌȕȐȟȕȖȍ ȉȓțȎȌȈȕȐȍ ȥȚȐȝ ȌȘțȏȍȑ ȊȣȎȐȌȈȊȠȐȝ Ȋ șȖȕȓȐȊȣȝ ȉțȌȕȧȝ
ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȟȕȣȑ ȟȈșȖȒ ȊȍȌȍȚ Ȑȝ ȚțȌȈ — Ȋ ©ǰșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ǸȈȑª ȋȌȍ ȚȘȍȡȐȚ ȔȈș-
ȓȧȕȣȑ ȜȐȚȐȓȤ Ȑ ȕȈ ȒȖȕȟȐȒȍ ȚȖȕȒȖȑ Ȑȋȓȣ ȗȓȈȊȐȚșȧ ȒȖȘȐȟȕȍȊȣȑ ȠȈȘȐȒ ȕȈȘȒȖ-
ȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȉȓȈȎȍȕșȚȊ — ȖȗȐțȔ
ǴȈȘȚț ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȥȚȖ
ǭȋȖ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȐȕȈȧ ȟȍȔ ț Ȋșȍȝ
ǻ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈ ȖȉȍȌ — șțȗ ș ȓȈȗȠȖȑ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Șțȉȓȍȕȣȍ ȒȖȚȓȍȚȣ ȐȓȐ ȚȈȔ
ȈȕȚȘȍȒȖȚ Ǩ ț ǴȈȘȚȈ — ȉȍȓȣȑ ȗȖȘȖȠȖȒ ȐȓȐ șȐȕȍȊȈȚȈȧ ȊȖȌȈ ȔȖȘȜȐȧ
ǵȍ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ ȟȚȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȖȚȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ Ȓ Ȕȧșț Ȑ ȕȍȚ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ țȑȚȐ
ȖȚ Ȕȧșȕȣȝ ȓȈȊȖȒ ǽȈȘȉȐȕȈ
ǪȖȚ Ȗȕ Ȑ țȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȌȖȓȐȕȣ
©ǲțȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȖȕ Ȑȏ ȔȐȘȈ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȎȈȓȒȖȋȖ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȚȤșȧ
ȔȐȘȖȔª
ǰ ǴȈȘȚ ȉȘȖȌȐȚ
ǩȘȖȌȐȚ ȒȈȒ ȏȍȔȓȧ Ȋ ȔȈȘȚȍ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȑ ȔȍȘȏȒȈȧ ȖșȒȓȐȏȓȖșȚȤ ȏȈȋȘȧȏȕȍȕȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȕȈȊȖȏȖȔ Ȑ ȗȣȓȤȦ ȓȤȌȈ Ȑ ȏȈșȈșȣȊȈȦȡȈȧ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȕȈȧ șȐȕȍȊȈ ȕȖȟȐ Ȑ șȊȍȎȍșȚȤ
ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȋȓȧȌȧȡȍȑ Ȋ ȕȍȉȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Țȣșȧȟ ȜȐȈȓȖȒ
ǵȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȑ ȎȍșȚȒȖ-ȓȍȚȈȘȋȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȔȧȋȒȐȔ ȒȈȒ ȡȍȒȈ
ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȑ ǶȚȚȈȐȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȒȘȣȠȐ ȒȈȌȧȚ ȓȈȌȈȕȖȔ ǵȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ — ȉȍȓȣȍ ȉțȔȈȎ-
ȒȐ ȗȖȎȍȓȚȍȊȠȐȍ ȕȈȔȖȒȠȐȍ ȖȒțȘȒȐ ȋȘȧȏȤ ǫȘȧȏȤ șȐȕȍȊȈȚȈȧ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȈȧ șȓȖȊ-
ȕȖ ȍȍ ȗȖȔȈȏȈȓȐ ȕȍȉȖȔ
ǴȈȘȚ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȕȍșȒȓȈȌȕȣȑ ǩȘȣȏȎȍȚ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȍ ȎȍȕșȒȐȍ ȔȍȝȈ ȔțȚ-
ȕȖȑ ȊȖȌȖȑ Ȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȐȚ ȕȐȡȐȝ șȖȓȕȞȍȔ ǴȈȘȚ ȔțȚȕȣȑ ȔȈȘȚ — șȔțȚȤȧȕ ǰ ȚȈȒȖȊ
Ȏȍ ȐȏȉȘȈȊȠȐȑ șȍȉȍ ȗșȍȊȌȖȕȐȔȖȔ ȔȈȘȚ — ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ǴȈȘȚ
Ƕȕ ȉȘȖȌȐȚ ȊȍșȤ ȚȈȓȣȑ ȊȍșȤ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȘȧȏȤȦ Ȑ ȕȍȉȖȔ ǮȈȓȒȐȑ Ȋȣȏȣ-
ȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȊȖȏȋȓȈșȣ ȗȖȘȐȞȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȕȍȋȖȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ ǵȖ ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ
ǶșȍȊȠȐȍ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȍ ȕȍțȎȍȓȐ ȊȈș ȕȍ ȘȈȌțȍȚ ȉȓȐȏȖșȚȤ ȕȍȗȘȐȒȈȧȕȕȖ-
ȋȖ"! ǩȓȐȏȖșȚȤ ȌțȠȐ ȟȐșȚȖȋȖ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȧ ȗțșȚȤ Ȋ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȔ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ǪȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ Ȏȍ ȗȖȌ-
ȊȐȋ ǮȐȚȤ Ȍȓȧ ȟȐșȚȖȑ ȔȍȟȚȣ Ȉ ȕȍ Ȍȓȧ ȟȐșȚȖȋȖ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ Ȑ ȊșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȘȈșȠȊȣȘȐ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȔȕȖȋȖȒȈȘȈȚȕȣȍ ȋȘȍȏȣ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȋȘȍȏȧȚ Ȗ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȈȝ ǭȌȐȕ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȟȕȣȑ ȉȖȋȈȟ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȖȘȧȚ ȊȈȓȦȚȕȣȍ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȕȐȧ ǵȍȓȍȗȣȑ
ȉȘȖȌȧȋȈ șȔȍȠȕȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ-ȗȚȐȞȈ ș ȊȣȊȐȝȕțȚȣȔȐ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ ȠȈȘȒȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȗȖ
ȏȍȔȓȍ ȌȍȘȎȈȡȐȑ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȒȖȔ ȒȓȦȊȍ ȒțșȖȟȍȒ șȐȕȍȋȖ ȕȍȉȈ ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȍ-
ȔȕȖȋȐȝ țȞȍȓȍȊȠȐȝ ȊȐȓȓȖȕȖȊșȒȐȝ ȗȖȚȖȔȒȖȊ — ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ǴȈȘȚ

ǽǼǾȉǰȉ
(1914)

ǺȜȖ ȝȓȞȐȩȓ
ȬțȜȦȓȟȘȖȓ
ȟȠȖȣȜȠȐȜȞȓțȖȭ
ȝȜȟȐȭȧȎȬ
ȒȜȞȜȑȜȚȡ
ȜȠȤȡ

15
ȌǻǼǿȀǶ
ǬȘțȋȐ Ȋ ȋȖȘȣ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȣ
ǶȚ ȗȖȏȖȘȕȖȑ ȗȈțȚȐȕȣ
ǶȚ ȎȐȚȍȑșȒȖȑ șțȍȚȣ
ǬȖșȚȐȋȈȑȚȍ ȊȣșȖȚȣ —
ǽȘȈȔ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȔȍȟȚȣ
ǰ ȖȚ ȋȘȧȏȐ țȓȍȚȈȧ
ȆȕȖșȚȤ ȦȕȖșȚȤ ȏȖȓȖȚȈȧ
ǵȈȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȦ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȧ
ǹȉȘȖșȤ ȖȒȖȊȣ șȒțȒȐ-ȚȐȕȣ
ǷȘȖȟȤ ȚȖșȒȈ Ȑ ȋȕȍȚ ȒȘțȟȐȕȣ!
_____
ǷțșȚȤ ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȖ-ȒȘȈșȐȊȣ
ǪȈȠȐ Ȧȕȣȍ ȗȖȘȣȊȣ
ǷȖȏȈȉțȌȤȚȍ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȟȈȌ
ǹȚȘȖȑȕȖ ȏȊțȟȕȖ ȕȍȎȕȖ Ȋ ȓȈȌ
ǫȖȓȖșȈ ȗțșȚȤ ȏȈȏȊțȟȈȚ
ǹȔȍȓȖ ȌȍȘȏȒȖ ȕȈȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȦ
Ǫ ȓțȟȈȝ șȊȍȚȈ ȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȔȋȓȖȦ
ǹ ȋȖȘȌȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȖȑ ȋȓȈȊȖȦ
ǷȖȑȚȍ Ȧȕȣȍ ȔȖȚȐȊȣ!..
ǩțȌȤȚȍ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȖ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣ

16
*
**
Ǻȣ ȔȐȕțȚȈ șȟȈșȚȤȧ
ǹȊȍȚȓȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȌȍȕȤ
ǳȈșȒȖȦ ȕȍȕȈșȚȤȍ
ǹȖȋȕȈȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȚȍȕȤ
ǹȊȍȚȓȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ǸȈȏȉțȌȐȓȈ ȋȘțȌȤ
ǺȍȗȓȣȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ
ǸȈȏȖȋȕȈȓȈ ȎțȚȤ
ǪșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȧ ȉȣȓȖȋȖ
ǵȍȎȕȣȍ ȔȍȟȚȣ
ǰ ȔȍȟȚȈȦ șȕȖȊȈ
ǺȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Țȣ
ǷȘȍȎȕȐȑ ȖȉȘȈȏ ȔȐȓȣȑ
ǷȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȊȕȖȊȤ —
ǹ șȊȍȎȍȑ ȕȖȊȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ
ǪșȗȣȝȕțȓȈ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ
ǬȖȓȋȖ ȓȤ ȉțȌȍȚ ȌȓȐȚȤșȧ
ȆȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖȘȣȊ,
ǬȖȓȋȖ ȓȤ ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȓȐȚȤșȧ
Ǫ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȕȍ ȖșȚȣȊ"

18
ǰ ǹǳǿȁ
ǷȍșȕȐ ȗȍșȕȐ Ȍȓȧ ȌțȠȐ
ǯȈȏȊțȟȈȓȐ Ȑȏ ȚȐȠȐ
ǰȏ ȚȐȠȐ Ȑȏ Ȕȋȓȣ ȕȖȟȕȖȑ
ȀȍȓȍșȚ șȓțȠȈȧ ȓȍșȕȖȑ —
ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȋȘȍȏȈȔ ȧ ȖȚȌȈȔ
ȇ ȖȚȌȈȔșȧ ȊȍșȤ ȔȍȟȚȈȔ
ǺȐȝȐȑ ȚȐȝȐȑ ȊȍȚȍȘȖȒ
ǶȉȍȋȈȍȚ ȊȔȐȋ ȓȍșȖȒ
ǵȍȎȕȖ ȠȍȗȟȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȚȘȈȊȍ
ǻȊȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȍȚȊȧȝ...
ǵȈ ȋȖȘȈȝ Ȋ ȓȍșț Ȋ ȋȖșȚȧȝ
ǶȚȌȣȝȈȦ Ȋ ȔțȘȈȊȍ
ǪȍȚȍȘ-ȓȈșȒȈ ȠȍȗȟȍȚ Ȕȕȍ
Ƕ ȕȍȉȍșȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ
Ƕ ȓȈȏțȘȕȖȑ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ
Ƕ ȕȍȏȌȍȠȕȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ-șȕȍ
ǪȍȚȍȘ-Ȝȍȧ șȖȕȔȣ ȋȘȍȏ
ǹ ȏȊȍȏȌ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȝ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȍș
— Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȐȋ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȕȈȊȍȒ
ǲȖȕȟȐȚȤ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȚȧȎȒȐȑ ȉȍȋ

19
ǰǳȇǶǷ ǵǻǮǸ
ǷȘȐȏȘȈȒ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ
ǯȈȘȍȊȖȔ ȗȖȎȈȘȈ
ǪȒȘțȋ ȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȠȈȘȈ
ǯȈȋȖȘȍȓșȧ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȊȓȈșȚȕȣȑ
ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȑ ǩȖȋȈ
ǴȍȘȚȊȖȦ ȚȘȖȗȖȦ
ǻȕȍșȍȚ ș șȖȉȖȦ?..
ǹȔȍȘȚȤ — ȉȍȏȊȍșȚȕȈȧ ȌȖȘȖȋȈ
ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȏȕȈȒ ȐșȒțȗȓȍȕȤȧ
ȅȚȖȚ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ
Ǫ ȊȍȒ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȕȍȕȈșȚȕȣȑ
ǯȕȈȒ șȊȧȚȖȋȖ ȖȉȕȖȊȓȍȕȤȧ..
ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȒȖȠȔȈȘ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȈ
ǹȔȍȘȚȐ șȔȍȝ ȒȖșȚȓȧȊȣȑ
ǷȘȐȏȣȊ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȊȣȑ
ǲ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ǵȈȟȈȓȈ
ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȏȈșȐȧȍȚ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȉțȘȐ
...ǪȍȡȐȑ ȏȕȈȒ Ȋ ȓȈȏțȘȐ
ȇȘȒȖȑ ȘȈȌțȋȖȑ șȊȍȘȒȈȍȚ

20
ǰǳȀǳǾ
ǿȚȖ Țȣ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȗȍș ȊȖȘȟȓȐȊȣȑ
ǵȖȍȠȤ ȊȖȍȠȤ ȏȈ ȖȒȕȖȔ
Ǻȣ ȔȍȠȈȍȠȤ Ȕȕȍ șȊȈȘȓȐȊȣȑ
ǷȖȏȈȉȣȚȤșȧ șȓȈȌȒȐȔ șȕȖȔ
ǻȎ ȖȋȕȐ Ȋ ȌȖȔȈȝ ȗȖȋȈșȓȐ
ǹȊȍȚȐȚ ȓȐȠȤ ȜȖȕȈȘȤ ȒȘȐȊȖȑ
ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȌȈșȚ ȓȐ
ǶȚȌȖȝȕțȚȤ ȌțȠȍ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ"
Ǫșȍ ȖșȍȕȕȐȍ ȔȖȚȐȊȣ
ǮȈȓȖȉȕȖ ȚȊȍȘȌȐȚ ȚȊȍȘȌȐȚ
ǽȖȚȤ ȕȈ ȔȐȋ ȉȣ șȔȖȓȒ ȊȖȘȟȓȐȊȣȑ..
ǺȖȟȕȖ ȕȈ ȕȖȟȤ Ȗȕ șȍȘȌȐȚ

21
ǱǾǳǵȉ
ǶȒȘțȎȐȓȐ ȚțȔȈȕȕȣȔ ȒȖȓȤȞȖȔ
ǰ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ țȓȣȉȒȐ Ȑ șȓȍȏȣ...
ǭșȓȐ ȉ ȉȣȓ ȧ ȔȖȋțȟȐȔ ȗȍȊȞȖȔ —
ǸȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ȉȣ ȧ ȟțȌȕȣȍ ȋȘȍȏȣ —
ǯȈȎțȘȟȈȓ ȉȣ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȔ ȘțȟȤȍȔ
ǯȈșȊȍȘȒȈȓ ȉȣ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȐȋȘȐȊȖȑ
ǪȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓșȧ ȉ ȗȤȧȕȧȡȐȔ ȒȓȦȟȖȔ
ǰ țȊȓȍȒ ȉȣ ȧ ȗȍșȕȍȑ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȑ

23
ǿǻȉ
Ƕ șȕȣ ȕȖȟȕȣȍ șȕȖȊȐȌȍȕȤȧ
Ǫȣ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȐȓȐ ȋȘțȌȤ ȔȖȦ
ȇ șȕȖȊȈ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȗȘȖȉțȎȌȍȕȤȧ
Ǫ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȍ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȕȖȔ ȗȖȦ
Ǫ ȔȖȐȝ ȕȖȟȈȝ ȗȘȖșȕțȓȐșȤ ȋȐȔȕȣ
Ǫ ȋȘțȌȐ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȊțȟȐȚ șȚȘțȕȈ
ǰ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȊȖșȒȘȍș ȚȊȖȑ ȖȉȘȈȏ ȌȐȊȕȣȑ —
ǴȖȍȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȊȖșȝȖȌ ȊȍșȕȈ
ȇ ȗȖȓȖȕ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȝ ȌțȔ ȔȍȟȚȈȕȐȑ
ǪȖșșȚȈȓȐ ȚȍȕȐ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ
ǰ ȚȘȍȗȍȚ ȕȍȎȕȣȝ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȑ
ǲȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȊȕȖȊȤ șȊȐȌȈȕȤȍ ș ȕȍȑ
ǰ șȕȣ ȚȖșȒț ȔȖȦ șȖȋȕȈȓȐ
ǷȖȘȣȊȖȔ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖȑ ȔȍȟȚȣ
ǹȕȣ ȖȏȈȘȐȓȐ ȧȘȒȖ ȌȈȓȐ
ǰȏ ȋȘȍȏ Ȓ ȕȐȔ șȉȘȖșȐȓȐ ȔȖșȚȣ

25
*
**
ǷȖȏȈȉȣȓ ȧ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȍ ȋope,
ǹȘȍȌȐ ȉȖȘȈ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȘ.
ǷȖȓȦȉȐȓ ȧ ȔȧȚȍȎȕȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ
ǷȖȓȦȉȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȠȐȘȤ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘ
Ǵȕȍ ȔȐȓȍȑ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȘȍȟȐ ȎȐȊȖȑ
ȅȚȖȚ ȋȖȊȖȘ ȐȋȘȐȊȖȑ ȊȖȓȕȣ
ȇȘȟȍ ȓȈșȒȐ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ
ǯȈȓȈșȒȈȦȚ ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ Ȋȍșȕȣ
ǵȍ țȊȐȌȐȚ țșȚȈȊȠȐȑ ȔȖȑ ȊȏȖȘ
Ǫ ȚȊȖȐȝ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖ ȔȈȕȧȡȐȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ
ǩȍȏȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȣȑ ȓȈȏțȘȕȣȑ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘ
ǿȚȖ șȊȍȚȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȉȍșȕȣȝ ȌȈȓȧȝ
ǵȍ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȠȤ Țȣ ȗȍșȕȍȑ șȊȖȍȑ
ǿȚȖ ȗȘȖȉțȌȧȚ ȕȈȗȍȊȣ ȊȖȓȕȣ
ǵȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȎȍȠȤ ȌțȠȍ Țȣ ȔȖȍȑ
ǹȒȈȏȒȐ ȔȖȘȧ — ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȣȍ șȕȣ
ȇ ȉȍȏ ȓȈșȖȒ ȚȊȖȐȝ ȉȍȏ Țȍȉȧ, —
ǶȚȌȖȝȕț ȓȐȠȤ ș ȗȘȐȘȖȌȖȑ ȖȌȕȖȑ
ǰ ȍȍ ȉȍȏȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȖ ȓȦȉȧ
ȇ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȕț ȌțȠȖȦ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ
ǹȕȖȊȈ ȗȍȚȤ șȊȖȐ ȗȍșȕȐ ȕȈȟȕț
ǯȈȋȖȘȦșȤ ȏȈȐȋȘȈȦ ȧ Ȋ ȕȐȝ
ǪȖșȗȍȊȈȚȤ ȔȖȓȖȌțȦ Ȋȍșȕț
ǯȈȏȊțȟȐȚ ȔȖȑ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȕțȊȠȐȑ șȚȐȝ.

26
ǺǼǳǺȁ ǽǼȋȀȁ
ǸȐȜȔȈ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ ȗȓȍȡȍȚșȧ
Ǫ ȟțȌȕȣȝ șȗȓȍȚȍȕȐȧȝ șȓȖȊ
Ǵȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȔȍȘȍȡȐȚșȧ
ǶȉȘȈȏ șȖȏȌȈȕȕȣȑ Ȑȏ șȕȖȊ
ȇ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȚȊȖȐ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȤȧ
ǹȒȖȘȉȤ Ȋ ȚȊȖȐȝ ȏȊȖȕȒȐȝ șȚȐȝȈȝ
Ǵȕȍ ȟțȌȧȚșȧ Țȍ Ȏȍ ȊȐȌȍȕȤȧ,
ǺȈȒȎȍȧȊȐȎțȐȝȊșȕȈȝ
Ǵȕȍ ȌȈȓȐ ȚȊȖȐ ȏȈșȐȧȓȐ
ǫȖȘȕȣȍ ȊȣșȐ ȚȊȖȐ
ǷȍȟȈȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȔȐ șȚȈȓȐ
ǸȈȌȖșȚȤ ȞȊȍȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ
Ǻȣ ȔȖȑ ȗȖȥȚ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȕȣȑ
ǴțȏȣȒȖȑ ȗȍșȕȐ șȊȖȍȑ —
ǬțȔȖȑ șȖȋȘȍȚ ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ
ǮȐȏȕȤ ȔȖȦ ș ȗȍșȕȍȦ șȓȍȑ

27
ǼǱǼǻǳǸ
ǿȍȘȕȈȧ ȋȘȖȏȕȈȧ ȕȖȟȤ
ǹțȔȘȈȒ Ȑ ȌȖȎȌȤ ȏȈ ȖȒȕȖȔ...
ǹȒțȟȕȣ Ȑ șȍȘȣ ȒȈȒ ȌȖȎȌȤ
ǴȣșȓȐ ȔȖȐ Ȗȉ ȖȌȕȖȔ
ǫȌȍ-ȚȖ ȏȈȎȋȓȐ ȖȋȖȕȍȒ —
ǺȐȝȐȑ ȓȍȕȐȊȖ ȊȌȈȓȐ
ǹȖȕȕȖȑ ȗȖȓȖșȒȖȦ ȓȍȋ
ǺȍȕȐ ȗțȋȓȐȊȖ șȖȠȓȐ
ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȚ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǿȚȖ" — ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ Ȑ șȈȔ...
ǵȍȎȕȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȒț șȒȓȖȕȧ
Ǫșȧ ȖȚȌȈȓȈșȧ Țȣ șȕȈȔ
ǿȚȖ" ǩȍȏȔȧȚȍȎȕȖșȚȤ ȚȊȖȧ ȓȤ"
ǵȍȎȕȣȑ ȓȐ șȖȕ ȚȊȖȑ ȌȐȚȧ"
ǿȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȑȔȍȠȤ Țȣ ȗȍȟȈȓȤ"
ǰȓȤ ȟȚȖ ȎȐȊȍȠȤ Țȣ ȠțȚȧ"
ǵȍȚ ǵȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȈȚ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǴȣșȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȖȌȐȕȖȒ
ǵȍȚ — ȚȖ șȐȧȕȤȍȔ ȔȈȕȧ
ǫȘȍȏȣ ȏȈȎȍȋ ȖȋȖȕȍȒ

28

29
ǷȖșȊȧȡ ǫ ǰ ǳ
ǭșȓȐ ȚȖșȒȈ ȕȍȗȖșȐȓȤȕȖȦ ȚȍȕȤȦ
ǳȧȎȍȚ ȕȈ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȍ ȔȖȍ
ǭșȓȐ ȌțȠȈ ȖȚȌȈȍȚșȧ ȔȖȓȍȕȤȦ
ǫȘȍȏȣ ȓȤ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȊșȚȘȍȊȖȎȈȚ ȍȍ
ǭșȓȐ ȕȍ Ȋ șȐȓȈȝ șȖȋȕȈȚȤ ȧ șȖȔȕȍȕȤȧ
ǬțȔȣ ȚȍȕȧȡȐȍ ȌțȔȣ ȔȖȐ
ǭșȓȐ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȐ ȏȈȋȖȘȐȚ ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȍȕȤȍ
ȇȘȟȍ ȟȍȔ ȘȈȕȕȍȍ țȚȘȖ ȓȦȉȊȐ —
ǴțȏȣȒȐ ȔțȏȣȒȐ ȚȐȝȖ ȏȊțȟȈȡȍȑ
ǽȖȟȍȚșȧ șȓȣȠȈȚȤ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ ȕȍȔȖȔ
ǿȐșȚȖȑ Ȑ șȊȍȚȓȖȑ ȒȈȒ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȔȖȓȧȡȍȑ
ǵȍȎȕȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȋȘȍȏȈ ȒȈȒ ȓȈșȒȈ ȕȈȌ șȕȖȔ

30
*
**
ǺȊȖȧ ȗȍșȕȧ șȓȍȚȈȓȈ ȚțȔȈȕȖȔ
ǶȕȈ ȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ ȕȍȎȕȖȑ ȘȖșȖȑ
ǻȊȓȍȒȓȈ ȔȖȦ ȌțȠț ȌțȘȔȈȕȖȔ
ǵȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȑ ȗȓȍȕȧȡȍȑ ȒȘȈșȖȑ
Ǻȣ ș ȏȍȔȓȐ Ǻȣ ȚȖșȒȈ ȗȘȍȌ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȖȔ
Ǻȣ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȑ ȗȖȘȣȊ ȖȚ ȏȍȔȓȐ
ǯȈȊȓȈȌȍȓȈ Țȣ ȔȕȖȦ ȗȖȥȚȖȔ
ǯȈșȊȍȘȒȈȓȈ Ȋ ȔȈȕȧȡȍȑ ȌȈȓȐ
ǶȚțȔȈȕȍȕ ȉȍȏȊȍșȚȕȖȑ șțȌȤȉȖȦ
ȇ ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȔȖȑ ȗȘȍȌȍȓ
ȇ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȗȣȚȒȈȔ Ȑ Ȓ ȉȖȦ
ȇ ȉȣȓ ȌȍȘȏȖȒ ȖȚ șȐȓȣ Ȑ Ȍȍȓ.
Ǻȣ ȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȔȖȐȔ ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȤȍȔ
ǷȘȖȉțȌȐȓȈ Țȣ șȐȓȣ ȔȖȐ
Ǻȣ — ȗȘȍȌȍȓ ȔȖȐȔ ȦȕȣȔ ȔȍȟȚȈȕȤȧȔ
Ǻȣ — ȘȖȎȌȍȕȤȍ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ

31
ǿǼǻ
Ǵȕȍ șȕȐȓșȧ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȚȧȎȒȐȑ șȖȕ
ǲȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȕȖȟȤȦ țȉȍȋȈȦ
ǩȍȋț ȒțȌȈ Ȑ șȈȔ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ.
ǪȌȘțȋ șȓȣȠț ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȟȍȑ-ȚȖ șȚȖȕ
Ǵȕȍ șȚȈȓȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȎțȚȒȖ ȊȔȐȋ
ǵȖ ȧ ȐȌț ȕȈ șȚȖȕ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȑ
ǰȌț țșȚȈȓȣȑ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȑ...
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȌȖșȚȐȋ.
ǵȈ șȍȘȖȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȑ șȚȍȕȍ
ǴȍȚȈȓșȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȑ
ǰ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȌțȠȕȣȑ șȗȍȘȚȣȑ ȟȈȌȕȣȑ
ǴȍȠȈȓ ȌȣȠȈȚȤ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ Ȕȕȍ
ǬȈȊȐȓ ȕȖȟȕȖȑ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȕȣȑ ȏȕȖȑ
ǴȖȓȟȈȓȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȈȧ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȈ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȧ «șȊȖȉȖȌȈ»...
ǰ șȚȖȕ ȟțȎȖȑ Ȕȕȍ șȚȈȓ ȘȖȌȕȖȑ.
ȇ ȖȋȓȧȌȍȓ șȚȘȈȌȈȓȤȞȈ ȓȐȒ
ǸȖȌȕȈȧ șȒȖȘȉȤ șȊȍȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȊȏȖȘȍ —
ǹȒȖȘȉȤ Ȗ șȊȖȉȖȌȍ Ȗ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȍ
ǰ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȧ Ȑ ȧ ȗȖșȚȐȋ!..
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȘȊȈȕțȓșȧ ș șȐȓȖȑ Ȗȕ
ǴȖȋțȟȐȑ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȘȤ șȚȘȈȌȈȓȍȞ,
ǻșȓȣȠȈȓ ȧ — ȕȖȟȕȖȑ șȒȐȚȈȓȍȞ
Ǿȍȗȍȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȝ ȋțȓȒȐȑ ȏȊȖȕ.
Ǫ Ȟȍȗȧȝ" ǯȈȒȖȊȈȕ Ȗȕ — șȐȓȈȟ..
ǲȚȖ ȏȈȒȖȊȈȓ Țȍȉȧ ȔȖȋțȟȐȑ"
Ƕȕ ȏȈȘȣȌȈȓ șȓȍȏȖȦ Ȏȋțȟȍȑ
Ǫșȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȓȈȟ.

32
ǿȀǮǾǶǸ
ǶȌȕȐȔ Ȗȕ ȋȓȈȏȖȔ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ Ȋ ȋȘȖȉ
ǬȘțȋȐȔ — ȒȘȈșȖȚȒț ȘȈȏȌȍȊȈȍȚ
Ǫ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȈȝ ȕȐȏȒȐȑ ȎȍȓȚȣȑ ȓȖȉ,
ǻȎ șȍȌȐȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ
ǬȈȊȕȖ ȉȍșșȐȓȍȕ ȖȏȓȖȉȓȍȕ
ǵȍ ȌțȠț ȋȘȍȠȕțȦ șȗȈșȈȍȚ
Ǩ ȔȣșȓȤȦ ȔȍȘȏȒȖȑ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕ
Ƕ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȧȝ ȔȍȟȚȈȍȚ.
Ǫșȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȍȋȖ — șȗȓȖȠȕȖȑ ȘȈȏȊȘȈȚ
ǷȘȍșȚțȗȕȣȑ ȠȈȋ șȔȍȕȧȓșȧ ȕȖȊȣȔ
ǵȈ șȒȓȖȕȍ ȓȍȚ Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ ȉȖȋȈȚ
ǹ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȖȔ — șȒȘȧȋȖȑ Ȑ șțȘȖȊȣȔ
Ƕȕ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȎȐȏȕȍȑ ȏȈȋțȉȐȓ
ǺȖȋȖ Ȑ șȈȔ ȗȖȌȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ
ǰ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȧȕȣȝ ȕȍȎȕȣȝ șȐȓ
ǸȈȏȊȘȈȚȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ȘȈȏȉȐȊȈȍȚ..
ǲ ȟȍȔț ȏȈȟȍȔ ȘȖȌȐȓșȧ ȎȐȓ"
ǿȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȕțȎȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌț"
ǿȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓ
ǰȔȍȧ șȐȓȣ Ȑ șȊȖȉȖȌț"
ǲȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȖȔ ȗțȚȐ
ǽȖȚȤ ȘȈȏ ȗȘȐȋȘȍȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȗȘȐȊȍȚȖȔ"
ǰșȒȈȊȠȍȔț ȗȖȔȖȋ ȕȈȑȚȐ
ǰ ȗțȚȤ șȊȍȚȐȓ ȓȐ șȍȘȌȞȈ șȊȍȚȖȔ"
ǻȑȌȐ șȚȈȘȐȒ ǻȑȌȐ ȖȚ ȕȈș
ǵȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȋȌȍ ȔȕȖȋȖ șȐȓȣ...
ǻȑȌȐ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȚȊȖȑ șȊȍȚ țȋȈș
Ǻȣ ȕțȎȍȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȓȧ ȔȖȋȐȓȣ

33
ȁ ǺǼǱǶǹȉ
ǷȈȔȧȚȐ ǰȘȣ ǹȖȒȖȓȖȊȖȑ
ǿȤȧ Țȣ șȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ ȚȍȕȤ"..
ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ Țȍȉȧ
ǿȚȖ Țȣ ȝȖȌȐȠȤ ȊȍșȤ ȌȍȕȤ
ǺȖȟȕȖ ȐȡȍȠȤ șȒȖȘȉȧ"
Ǻȍȉȧ ȕȍȚ Țȣ țȠȓȈ
ǰȓȤ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȚȊȖȑ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȐ
ǬȖȋȖȘȍȓ țȎ ȌȖ ȚȓȈ
ǰȓȤ Ƞȍȗȕțȓ: — Țȣ țȑȌȐ"!.
Ǻȣ ȉȣȓȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȈ
Ǻȣ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȎȐȚȤ
ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȓȤȌȈ
ǵȍ șȔȖȋȓȈ Țȣ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȤ"
ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȖȟȐ ȚȍȕȤ
ǵȈ Țȍȉȧ ȕȈȓȍȋȓȈ
Ǳ șȔȍȕȐȓȈ ȚȊȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ
ǩȍșȗȘȖșȊȍȚȕȈȧ ȔȋȓȈ"
ǰȓȐ ȌțȠț ȘȈȏȉȐȓ
ǷȘȖȝȖȌȐȔȍȞ ȟțȎȖȑ
ǵȍ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȓ, —
Ǻȣ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ș ȚȖșȒȖȑ"
ǿȤȧ Țȣ șȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ ȚȍȕȤ"
ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ Țȍȉȧ
ǿȚȖ Țȣ ȝȖȌȐȠȤ ȊȍșȤ ȌȍȕȤ
ǺȖȟȕȖ ȐȡȍȠȤ șȒȖȘȉȧ"

34
ǽǮǺȍȀǶ Ǯ ǽ ǺǹǮǲǼǰǮ
ǷȖ ȔȖȋȐȓȈȔ ȉȘȖȌȐȓ
ǷȖ ȏȈȘȖșȠȐȔ ȚȘȖȗȈȔ
ǹȊȖȑ ȧ ȗțȚȤ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓ
ǷȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔ ȒȘȍșȚȈȔ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȊȈȓ
ǻ ȏȈȉȣȚȣȝ ȒȘȍșȚȖȊ
ǩțȑȕȣȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ șȘȣȊȈȓ
ǵȍȎȕȣȑ ȓȍșȈ ȗȖȒȘȖȊ
ǶșȍȕȤ ȊșȦȌț ȊȐȌȕȈ
ǳȐȠȤ ȖȌȍȚȖȑ șȚȖȐȚ,
ǴȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȖ șȖșȕȈ
ǰ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȋȘțșȚȐȚ
ǪȖȚ ȔȖȋȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ
ǹ ȋȘȧȌȖȑ ȗȣȠȕȖȑ ȞȊȍȚȒȖȊ
ǰ ȒȘțȎȐȚ ț ȕȍȋȖ
ǽȖȘȖȊȖȌ ȓȍȗȍșȚȒȖȊ
ǺȊȖȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȗȘȖȎȐȚȈ
ǹȘȍȌȤ ȚȖșȒȐ șȘȍȌȐ ȔțȒ
ǷȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȓȍȚȈ...
ǯȌȍșȤ șȝȖȘȖȕȍȕ ȔȖȑ ȌȘțȋ
ȅȚȖȚ ȋȖȊȖȘ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ
Ǵȕȍ Țȍȉȧ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȐȓ
ǹȘȍȌȤ ȔȖȋȐȓȤȕȣȝ ȒȘȍșȚȖȊ
ȇ ȚȊȖȑ ȒȘȍșȚ ȗȖȓȦȉȐȓ
ǹȒȖȘȖ șȕȍȋ ȏȈȔȍȚȍȚ
ȅȚț ȋȘȧȌț ȞȊȍȚȖȊ
Ǩ ȊȍșȕȈ Ȑȝ ȊȍȘȕȍȚ
ǪȕȖȊȤ ȗȘȖȉțȌȐȚ ȖȚ șȕȖȊ
Ǫșȍ ȖȚȕȐȔȍȚ ȊȍșȕȈ
ǶȚ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȝ ȖȒȖȊ
ǵȍ ȗȘȖȉțȌȐȚ ȖȕȈ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȈș — ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȖȊ.

35
ǽǮǺȍȀǶ Ȃ ǺǮǹǳǾǰǳǷǻǮ
Ƕȕ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ ȟȐșȚȣȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȤȧ
ǵȈȟȈȓȖ ȦȕȖșȚȐ șȊȖȍȑ
ǰ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ ȕȍȎȕȖȍ ȊȐȌȍȕȤȍ —
ǳȦȉȖȊȤ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȕȍȑ
ǻȓȣȉȒȈ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȚȐȝȖ ȏȈȉȓțȎȌȈȓȈ
ǸțȔȧȕȍȞ ȧȘȟȍ ȏȈȈȓȍȓ
ǲȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȎȌȈȓȖ
ǲȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȗȕ ȗȖȔȖȓȖȌȍȓ
ǵȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȊȧȓȐ
ǴȍȟȚȣ Ȗ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȍ Ȗ șȕȍ
Ƕȕ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ Ȗ Ȍȕȧȝ ȚȖșȒȐ ȗȍȟȈȓȐ
ǵȍ ȊȍȘȐȓ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓȖȑ Ȋȍșȕȍ
Ǩ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȗȖȓȏȓȈ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȕȣȔ ȟȈȌȖȔ
ǹȘȣȊȈȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ȔȍȟȚȣ
Ǫșȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȍ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȧȌȖȔ
Ǫșȍ ȚȈȔ — ȔȖȋȐȓȣ Ȑ ȒȘȍșȚȣ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȊȏȖȘ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ-ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȑ
ǰ ȒȖȕȟȍȕ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȕ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȗțȚȤ
ǰ șȓȣȠȍȕ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȠȍȗȖȚ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȈȓȤȕȣȑ...
Ǫ ȌțȠȍ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȚ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȕȖ ȎțȚȤ

36
ȅǳǾȀ
ǴȣșȓȐ ȔȟȈȚșȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȋ ȌȈȓȤ
ȇ ȚȖșȒȖȑ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ șȚȍȘȚ
«ǿȍȘȚ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ ȔȖȦ ȗȍȟȈȓȤ
ǴȖȑ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȑ ȦȘȒȐȑ ȟȍȘȚ
ǶȚȕȍșȐ ȚȖșȒț ȟȍȘȚȧȔ —
ǷțșȚȤ ȊȖȏȤȔțȚ ȖȕȐ ȍȍ
ǰȔ șȖȔȕȍȕȤȧ ȧ ȖȚȌȈȔ
ǰ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȍ ȔȖȍ»
ǿȚȖ Țȣ șȒȈȓȐȠȤ ȏțȉȣ ȟȍȘȚ"
ǹȔȍȝȖȔ ȋȘȍȏȣ ȕȈȗțȋȈȓ
ǵȍ șȌȍȘȎțșȧ — ȧ ȊȍȌȤ ȋȖȘȌ
ǷȖȟȍȔț Țȣ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ șȚȈȓ
ǹȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȔ Ȑ ȘȖȌȕȣȔ"
ǩȘȖșȤ ȏȈȉȈȊț ǹȓȣȠȐȠȤ — ȉȘȖșȤ!
ǮțȚȒȖ ș ȟȍȘȚȖȔ ȎțȚȒȖ ș ȕȐȔ
ȅȝȖ Ȋ șȔȍȝȍ ȗȘȖȕȍșȓȖșȤ
ǷțșȚȖ șȚȈȓȖ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȊȌȘțȋ —
ǺȈȔ ȏȈȔȋȓȐȓȈșȤ ȟȈȌȕȖ ȎțȚȤ
ȅȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȑșȗțȋ"
ǵȍȚ — șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȌȣȠȐȚ ȋȘțȌȤ...
ǿȍȘȚ șȖ șȔȍȝȖȔ ȖȚȉȍȎȈȓ
Ƕȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ
«ȇ ȚȖșȒț ȚȊȖȦ țȒȘȈȓ..»
ǷȖ ȚȖșȒȍ ȧ ȏȈȘȣȌȈȓ

38
*
**
Ǫ ȥȚȐ ȌȕȐ ȚȖșȒȐ ȗȍȟȈȓȐ
ǰ Ȋ ȉȍȏȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȍ ȌȕȐ
ǴȍȘȒȕțȚ șȒȈȏȖȟȕȣȍ ȌȈȓȐ
ǰ Ȋ șȊȍȚȐȓȤȕȐȒȈȝ ȖȋȕȐ
ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȗȓȈȟȍȚ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖ
Ǫ ȌȕȐ ȉȍȏ șȟȈșȚȤȧ Ȋ ȌȕȐ ȉȍȏ ȋȘȍȏ
ǵȍ țșȓȣȠȐȠȤ Țȣ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ
ȅȚȖȚ șȚȐȝ Ȑȏ ȎȈȘȒȐȝ șȓȍȏ
ȇ ȓȦȉȐȓ Ȋ Țȍȉȍ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȤȍ
ȇ ȚȖșȒț Ȋ Țȍȉȍ ȓȦȉȐȓ
ȇ ȊȍȌȤ șȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȘȣȌȈȕȤȧ
Ǫ șȔȍȝȍ ȏȊȖȕȒȖȔ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓ
Ǫ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȉțȘȕȖȑ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȔțȚȕȖȑ
ȇ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȖȒȖȑ ȕȈȑȚȐ
ǵȖ șȒȐȚȈȓșȧ ȉȍșȗȘȐȦȚȕȣȑ
ǰ ȉȍȏ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȉȍȏ ȗțȚȐ
Ǻȣ ȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȧȘȒȖȑ
Ǫ ȚțșȒȓȣȝ șțȔȍȘȒȈȝ ȔȖȐȝ...
ǫȘțȌȤ ȏȈȎȋȓȈșȤ ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ ȎȈȘȒȖȑ
ǯȈȏȊțȟȈȓ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȔȖȑ șȚȐȝ.
ǮȐȏȕȤ șȖȘȊȈȓȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȘȈȏȉȐȓȈ
ǴȖȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȗțȚȤ
ǮȐȏȕȤ șȊȍȚȐȓȤȕȐȒ ȏȈȋȈșȐȓȈ
ǰ ȕȈȋȕȈȓȈ ȚȍȕȐ, ȎțȚȤ
Ǫ ȥȚȐ ȌȕȐ ȚȖșȒȐ ȗȍȟȈȓȐ
ǰ Ȋ ȉȍȏȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȍ ȌȕȐ
ǴȍȘȒȕțȚ șȒȈȏȖȟȕȣȍ ȌȈȓȐ
ǰ Ȋ șȊȍȚȐȓȤȕȐȒȈȝ ȖȋȕȐ

39
ǻǼȅȊȌ
ǪȍȚȍȘ ȊȖȍȚ ȏȈȊȣȊȈȍȚ
ǹȊȖȐ ȋȕȍȏȌȈ șȖȕ șȊȐȊȈȍȚ
ǮțȚȒȖ ȕȖȟȤ ȉȍȎȐȚ ȒȘȈȌȍȚșȧ
ǴȖȧ ȗȍșȕȧ Ȓ ȊȍȚȘț ȓȤȍȚșȧ
ǳȤȍȚșȧ ȎțȚȒȖ Ȑ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖ
ǹȓȖȊȕȖ ȧ ȗȖȦ ȗȘȖȡȈȓȤȕȖ
ǹȓȖȊȕȖ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍȚț
ǵȐ ȔȍȟȚȣ ȚȍȗȓȈ ȕȐ șȊȍȚț
ǯȈȊȣȊȈȍȚ șȒȖȘȉȕȖ ȊȤȦȋȈ
ǺȖȟȕȖ ȐȡȍȚ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȌȘțȋȈ
ǬȈȊȐȚ ȋȘțȌȤ ȚȖșȒȈ ȗȖ șȟȈșȚȤȦ
ǵȍȚț ȓȈșȒȐ ȕȍȚ țȟȈșȚȤȧ

43
ǰ ǲǼǴǲǳǰȁȌ ǯȁǾȌ
ǯȓȐȚșȧ ȏȓȐȚșȧ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȍȕȈșȚȕȣȑ —
ǪȍșȚȕȐȒ ȖșȍȕȐ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ
ǸȈȏȋțȓȧȓșȧ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȊȓȈșȚȕȣȑ
ǷȖ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȑ ȉȍȏȌȕȍ ȊȖȌȕȖȑ
ǺțȟȐ ȕȍȉȖ ȏȈȚȍȔȕȐȓȐ
ǸȈȏȘȈȏȐȓȐșȤ — ȕȍ țȗȓȣȓȐ
ǳȍș ȖȚȌȈȓșȧ ȊȍȚȘȈ șȐȓȍ —
ǪȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȌȕȖȑ ȗȣȓȐ
ǪȍȚȍȘ ȊȖȓȤȕȣȑ Ȋ Ȋȣșȧȝ ȊȤȍȚșȧ
ǪȖȍȚ șȊȐȡȍȚ ȕȈȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȦ
ǹ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ Țțȟȍȑ ȖȉȖȊȤȍȚșȧ
ǰ ȕȍșȍȚșȧ ș ȋȘȖȏȕȖȑ ȔȋȓȖȦ
ȇ ȖȌȐȕ Ȋ ȚȖșȒȍ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ
ǴȣșȓȐ șȒȖȘȉȕȖȑ ȟȍȘȍȌȖȦ
ǷțȚȤ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȑ — ȗțȚȤ ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȑ
ǹȖȊȍȘȠȈȦȚ ȕȈȌ ȔȍȟȚȖȦ
ǵȈȌ ȔȍȟȚȖȑ ȌțȠȐ ȗȖȥȚȈ
ǰ ȏȈȔȈȕȟȐȊȖȑ Ȑ ȓȖȎȕȖȑ
ǯȊțȒȐ ȗȍșȍȕ ȋȘȍȏȈ ȥȚȈ
ǸȖȌȐȓȈ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȐ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖȑ
ȇ ȔȍȟȚȈȓ Ȗ șȊȍȚȓȖȑ ȌȖȓȍ
ǩȍșȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȊȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȟȐșȚȖȑ
Ƕ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ ȟȍșȚȕȖȑ ȘȖȓȍ
ǰ Ȗ șȓȈȊȍ — Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȔȋȓȐșȚȖȑ.
ȆȕȖșȚȤ ȦȕȖșȚȤ ȗȖȌȈȘȐȓȈ
Ǵȕȍ ȔȍȟȚț Ȗ ȧȘȒȖȑ ȌȈȓȐ
ǮȐȏȕȤ ȔȖȋȐȓȈ — Ȋșȍ ȏȈȘȣȓȈ
ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȗȓȈȟȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȍȟȈȓȐ...
ǾȍȗȤȦ ȌȖȓȋȈ ȧ ȗȘȐȒȖȊȈȕ
ǰ ȒȈȒ Ȋșȍ — ȧ ȘȈȉ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȑ
Ǫ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȧ ȘȈȏȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕ
ǰ țșȚȈȓ ȖȚ ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȕȐȑ

45
Ǫ ǹǨǬǻ
ǹȒȓȖȕȐȊȠȐșȧ ȕȈȌ ȘȖȏȖȑ
ǫȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ ȓȍȗȍșȚȒȐ
ȇ ȋȘȍȏȐȓ ȟțȌȕȖȑ ȋȘȍȏȖȑ
ǯȈȉȣȊȠȐșȤ ȖȚ ȚȖșȒȐ
ǶșȍȕȕȐȔ ȈȘȖȔȈȚȖȔ
ǪȍșȤ șȈȌ ȉȓȈȋȖțȝȈȓ
ǰ ȊȍșȚȕȐȒȖȔ ȒȘȣȓȈȚȣȔ
ǺȈȔ ȊȍȚȍȘȖȒ ȗȖȘȝȈȓ
ǬȍȘȍȊȤȧ ȠȍȓȍșȚȍȓȐ
ǸȖȕȧȧ șȒȖȘȉȕȖ ȓȐșȚ
ǰ ȒȘȈșȒȐ ȕȍȉȈ ȘȌȍȓȐ
ǯȈȒȈȚ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒ ȓțȟȐșȚ
ǪȖȚ șȒȘȣȓȖșȧ șȊȍȚȐȓȖ
ǰ șȒȘȣȓȐșȤ ȖȉȓȈȒȈ
Ǫ ȓȈȏțȘȐ ȏȈșȊȍȚȐȓȈ
ǯȊȍȏȌȈ ȐȏȌȈȓȍȒȈ
ǷȖȚȖȒ ȐȋȘȐȊȖȑ ȋȘȍȏȣ
ǩȓțȎȌȈȓ ȕȍȏȘȐȔȖ ȚȈȔ
ǸȖȕȧȓ ȧ ȕȍȎȕȖ șȓȍȏȣ
ǹȓȈȋȈȧ ȋȐȔȕ ȔȍȟȚȈȔ
ǰ ȋȘțȌȤ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȈ Ȋ ȏȊțȒȈȝ
ǰ ȋȘȍȏȖȑ ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȓȍȕ —
Ǫ șȍȘȌȍȟȕȣȝ ȌȐȊȕȣȝ ȔțȒȈȝ
ȇ ȉȣȓ ȗȍȘȍȘȖȎȌȍȕ
ǰ ȗȘȖșȊȍȚȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȏȖȘȖȔ
ǹȊȖȦ șțȌȤȉț ȗȘȖȟȍȓ
Ǳ ș ȋȖȘȍȟȤȦ ș țȒȖȘȖȔ
Ǫ șțȌȤȉȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȕȈȠȍȓ
ǴȖȑ ȧȌ ȔȖȦ ȖȚȘȈȊț —
ǵȈȠȍȓ Ȋ ȔȍȟȚȍ șȊȖȍȑ
Ǫ ȔȍȟȚȍ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕțȚȤ șȓȈȊț
Ǫ șȍȘȌȞȈȝ ȋȓțȝȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ.

ǽǳǿǳǻȄȉ
(1917)

ǰȊȈȕț ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȖȊȐȟț
ǸȧȏȈȕȖȊșȒȖȔț
ȗȖșȊȧȡȈȍȚ ȈȊȚȖȘ

49
Ǫ ȗȖȚȍȔȒȈȝ ȚȖȔȐȚșȧ ȉȓțȎȌȈȍȚ
ǺȊȖȘȐȚșȧ ȗȘȐ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍ șȕȖȊ
Ǫ ȉȍȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ ȗțȚȧȝ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȍȚ
ǷțȟȐȕ ȕȍȗȘȖȝȖȌȕȖȍ ȌȕȖ
ǪȉȐȘȈȍȚ Ȑȏ ȟȈȠȐ ȕȈșȓȍȌȕȖȑ
ǪȖȓȠȍȉȕȖ-ȏȈȊȍȡȈȕȕȣȑ șȖȒ
ǰ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȤȧ ȗȖȉȍȌȕȖ
ǪșȚȈȍȚ Ȋ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȐ șȓȖȊ
ǰșȒȘȧȚșȧ șȖȏȕȈȕȤȧ ȏȈȘȕȐȞȣ
ǰ ȘțȠȐȚșȧ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȕȣȑ ȗȓȍȕ,
Ǫ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȖȔ ȎȐȊțȚ ȊȍȘȍȕȐȞȣ
ǻȉȐȚȣȝ ȏȈȉȊȍȕȤȍȔ ȒȖȓȍȕ
ǹ.-Ƿ-ȉțȘȋ
1 ȈȗȘȍȓȤ 1916 ȋȖȌ

ǽǳǿǳǻȄȉ

51
ǿȈȑ-ȟȐȕ-Ȧȕ — ȎȍȓȚȖȓȐȞȣȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ
©ǷȍșȍȕȞȣª Ȕȕȍ șȊȖȐ ȕȈȗȍȊȈȓ
«ǷȍșȍȕȞȈȔȐ» Ȗȕ ȗȍșȍȕȒȐ ȏȊȈȓ
ǰ ȔȍȟȚȖȦ Ȋ ǿȐȜț țȓȍȚȈȧ,
ǺȖȕȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ
Ƕȕ Țȧȕțȓ ȒȈȒ ȕȖȟȕȈȧ șȖȊȈ
ǰ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȋ țȏȒȐȝ ȡȍȓȧȝ ȉȓȐșȚȈȓȐ —
ǪȏȋȓȧȌ Ȑȝ ȌȐȒȖ ȚȖșȒȓȐȊȣȑ șȒțȟȈȓ
ǬțȠț ȗȍșȍȕ ȧ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓ
ǹ ǿȈȑ-ȟȐȕ-ȦȕȖȔ ȕȈȊȍȒȐ ȘȈșșȚȈȓȐșȤ
ǵȈ ȟțȎȉȐȕȍ Ȋ ȚȖșȒȍ Ȗȕ ȏȈȟȈȝ
«ǷȍșȍȕȞȣª ȟȚȖ ȟȐȚȈȓ ȧ Ȋ ȖȟȈȝ —
ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȥȑ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȧ șȓȈȋȈȦ
ǹ-Ƿ-ȉțȘȋ
 ȋȖȌ
__________
ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȥȑ — ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒȈ Ǫ ȉțȒȊȈȓȤȕȖȔ șȔȣșȓȍ
ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȋȘȈȌ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȊ

52
ǰ ǸȁǾǶǹȊǻǳ
ǯȖȘȒȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȔ
ǹȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȒțȘȐȓȤȡȐȒ ȕȈ ȠȒțȘț ȚȐȋȘȐȞȣ —
ǵȍȒȖȋȌȈ ȝȐȡȕȖȋȖ ȏȊȍȘȧ ǨȔțȘȈ
ǿȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȌȈȚȤșȧ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧȔ ȗȤȧȕȣȔ
ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ ș ȦȕȖȠȍȑ ȍȦ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȓȐșȤ
ǹȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȒțȘȐȓȤȡȐȒ ȒȈȒ ȌȊȐȎȍȚșȧ ȠȒțȘȈ
ǹȚȘȈȕȕȣ ȗȖȏȕȈȊȠȍȔț ȖȗȐȧ șȓȈȌȖșȚȤ
ǹȚȘȈșȚȐ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȍ Ȓ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈȔ ȕȐȏȒȐȔ
ǹȚȘȈșȚȐ ȔȘȈȟȈȡȐȍ ȌțȠȐ ȕȍȔțȌȘȣȝ
ǺȐȝȖ Ȋ ȒțȘȐȓȤȕȍ Ȑ ȌțȠȕȖ ȖȚ ȟȈȌȈ
ǸȍȌȒȖ ȠȐȗȍȕȐȍ ȓȈȔȗȣ ȗȘȐ ȊșȗȣȠȒȍ
ǪȏȌȖȝȐ ȟțȚȤ șȓȣȠȐȚșȧ ȠȍȗȖȚ ȗȖȌ ȠȒțȘȖȑ
ǺȍȕȐ Ȑ ȉȓȐȒȐ ȕȈ ȎȍȓȚȣȝ ȞȐȕȖȊȒȈȝ
ǬȣȔ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ ȚȍȔȕȣȔ ȚțȔȈȕȖȔ
ǲțȘȧȚ Ȋ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȐ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ.
ǴȈȒ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȔȈȋ-ȟȈȘȖȚȊȖȘȍȞ ȉȈȋȘȖȊȣȑ
ȇȊȤ ȏȈȚȍȔȕȧȍȚ ȖȉȔȈȕȖȔ ȌțȘȔȈȕȈ,
ǿȈȌȕȣȍ ȋȘȍȏȣ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȚ Ȑ ȉțȌȐȚ
ǹ-Ƿ-ȉțȘȋ
1916 ȋ  ȜȍȊȘ

53
ȁ ȂȁǲǵȍǲȍǻǮ
ǲȈȒ ȔȈȕȌȈȘȐȕ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ-șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ
ǹȎȐȔȈȧ ȚȘțȉȒț Ȋ ȚȍȗȓȖȑ ȘțȒȈȊȐȞȍ
ǲțȗȍȞ-ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ȍȌȍȚ ȕȈ ȖșȓȐȞȍ
ǯȈ ȕȐȔ ș ȒȕțȚȖȔ ȉȍȎȐȚ ȗȖȋȖȕȡȐȒ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȑ
ǬȍȘȎȈșȤ ȏȈ ȝȊȖșȚ ȖșȓȐȞȣ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȖȑ
ǵȈȗȍȊ ȚȊȍȘȌȐȚ șȖȕȓȐȊȖ-ȔȖȕȖȚȖȕȕȣȑ
Ǫ ȍȋȖ ȒȖșȍ ȊȗȓȍȚȍȕ ȠȕțȘȖȟȍȒ ȉȍȓȣȑ —
ǯȕȈȒ ȚȘȈțȘȈ ȗȖ ȉȓȐȏȒȖȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȍ
ǷȖȒȐȕțȓ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȑ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȔȐȘ ȕȈȊȍȒȐ
ǲȘȈȌțȚșȧ ȚȍȕȐ șțȔȍȘȍȒ ȕȍșȔȍȓȖ
ǶșȍȕȕȐȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ Ȋ ȚȘȈȊȈȝ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȍȕȕȣȝ
ǺȊȖȘȐȚ șțȝȖȑ ȕȈȗȍȊ ȠțȘȠȈȕȤȍȔ șȖȕȕȣȔ
ǪȖȚ ȜȈȕȏȣ ǼțȌȏȧȌȧȕȈ ȊȐȌȕȣ ȊȏȖȘț
ǹȗȍȠȈȚ șȍȌȖȒ ȗȖȋȖȕȡȐȒ Ȑ ȖșȓȐȞȈ
ǹȍȌȖȒ Ȓ Ȏȍȕȍ ȗȖȋȖȕȡȐȒ — ȕȈȒțȘȐȚȤșȧ
ǶșȓȐȞȈ ȗȖȊȈȓȐȚȤșȧ ț ȏȈȉȖȘȈ
ǹ-Ƿ-ȉțȘȋ
 ȧȕȊȈȘȧ 1916 ȋȖȌ

55
ǷȖșȊ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȦ ǨȔțȘșȒȖȔț
ǻǮ ǮǺȁǾǿǸǼǺ ǵǮǹǶǰǳ
©ȆȓȐȚª ȊȍșȓȖȔ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ȎȍȓȚȖȓȐȞȣȑ
ǳȍȋȒȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȚ ȠȐȘȖȒȈȧ ȠȈȓȈȕȌȈ
ǷȖ ȚȐȝȖȑ ȋȓȈȌȐ șȐȕȐȝ ȊȖȌ ȏȈȓȐȊȈ
ǷȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȋȖ șȚȖȓȐȞȈ —
ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ ȏȈ ȌȣȔȒȖȦ ȚțȔȈȕȈ
ǵȈ șȒȓȖȕȈȝ ȋȖȘ ȏȈșȚȣȓ Ȗȕ ȋȖȘȌȍȓȐȊȖ
ǲȈȒ ȊșȗȓȍșȒȐ ȗȖȌ ȒȖȘȔȖȦ ȔȖȕȖȚȖȕȕȖ
ǷȖȍȚ Țȧȋțȟȍ ȏȈ ȊȍșȓȖȔ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ
ǷȘȖ ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȥȑ — «ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȊ ȋȘȈȌ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ».
ǵȈȌ ȕȐȔ Ȋ ȌȈȓȧȝ ȕȍȉȍș șȊȍȚȓȖȏȍȓȍȕȣȝ
ǷȖȓȖșȒȐ Ȉȓȣȍ Ȋ ȚȖȔȓȍȕȤȐ ȚȈȦȚ
ǰ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȘȖȉȒȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȦȚ ȓȐȒȐ
ǹ-Ƿ-ȉțȘȋ
 ȜȍȊȘȈȓȧ 6 ȋȖȌ

56
Ǻ2Ƿ ǱǶǽǿǼǰȉǷ ȅǳǾǳǽ
ǯȈ ȓȐȠȕȐȑ ȗȖȓȚȐȕȕȐȒ
ǲȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ
ǯȈșȚȈȊȐȓ șȔȍȧȚȤșȧ
ǴȖȑ ȋȐȗșȖȊȣȑ ȟȍȘȍȗ
ǰ ȊȍȟȕȖ șȔȍȍȚșȧ
ǯȈșȚȣȕțȊȠȐȔ șȔȍȝȖȔ
ǩȍȏȏȊțȟȕȖ ȉȍȏ ȌȘȖȎȐ
ǴȖȑ ȋȐȗșȖȊȣȑ ȟȍȘȍȗ
ǹȘȍȌȤ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȋȖ ȝȓȈȔȈ
ǵȍȌȊȐȎȕȣȝ Ȋȍȡȍȑ
ǶȌȐȕ ȓȐȠȤ șȔȍȍȚșȧ
ǴȖȑ ȋȐȗșȖȊȣȑ ȟȍȘȍȗ
ǳȈȔȗȈȌȈ ȔȍȘȞȈȍȚ
Ǫ ȌȘȖȎȈȕȐȐ ȎțȚȒȖȔ
ǰ șȊȍȚ ȖȏȈȘȧȍȚ
ǴȖȑ ȋȐȗșȖȊȣȑ ȟȍȘȍȗ
ǰȏ ȊȗȈȌȐȕ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȝ,
ǩȍȏȌȖȕȕȣȝ ȊȖ ȔȘȈȒȍ —
ǫȓȧȌȐȚ Ȋ ȔȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ
ǴȖȑ ȋȐȗșȖȊȣȑ ȟȍȘȍȗ
ǹ-Ƿ.-ȉțȘȋ.
1916 ȋȖȌ

57
ǰ ȅǮǷǻǼǺ ǲǼǺǶǸǳ
ǵȈ ȎȍȓȚȣȝ ȞȐȕȖȊȒȈȝ ț șȚȍȕȒȐ ȉțȔȈȎȕȖȑ
ǵȈ ȔȧȋȒȐȝ ȗȖȌțȠȒȈȝ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȘȧȌ
ǹȐȌȧȚ ȊȖșȍȔȤ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ Ȋ ȞȊȍȚȕȣȝ ȒȐȔȖȕȖ
ǶȕȐ ȗȖȌȎȐȌȈȦȚ Ȍȓȧ ȓȈșȒȐ ȗȘȖȌȈȎȕȖȑ
ǩȍȏȌȍȓȤȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȣȝ ǰ ȎȈȌȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȧȚ
ǯȈ ȒȓȍȚȤ Ȑȏ ȉȈȔȉțȒȈ — ȚȈȔ ȠțȔ Ȑ ȊȐȕȖ
ǮȍȓȈȕȤȍȔ șȋȖȘȈȧ ȚȈȔ ȗȣȓȒȐȑ ȋțȓȧȒȈ
ǹȘȍȌȤ ȕȐȝ ȊȣȉȐȘȈȍȚ Ȏȍȕț ȌȖ țȚȘȈ
ǺȈȔ ȒȖȚȖ Ȑ ȗȍșȕȐ șȔȍȝ ȌȘȈȒȐ Ȑ ȒȘȐȒ
ǺȈȔ ȘȐȒȠȈ ȓȖȝȔȈȚȣȑ ȕȈȗȐȊȠȐȑșȧ «șȈȒȍ»,
ǰ țȋȖȓȤȡȐȒ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȑ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȍȞ ©ȒȈȘȈª
ǴȖȘȧȒ-ȟțȎȍșȚȘȈȕȍȞ ȠȒȖȓȧȘ Ȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ
ǹ-Ƿ-ȉțȘȋ
 ȧȕȊȈȘȤ 1916 ȋ

ǯǶǿǳǾ

59
ǹ ȇǷǶǵǹǲǶǫǶ
ȀǮǻǸǮ ǺǶǸǮǲǼ ǺǮȄȁȃǶȀǼ
1
ǿȈșȣ
ǷȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȟȈșȣ
ǪȘȍȔȧ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ
ǪȍȘȍȕ șȚȘȍȓȒȐ ȝȖȌ
ǺȈȒ ȓȐ ȊȍȘȍȕ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ
ǿțȊșȚȊȈ ȗȘȈȊȌț ȓȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ"
ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ  ȋȖȌȈ
2
ǲȈȔȍȕȤ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȑ
ǲȈȔȍȕȤ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȑ
ǿȐșȚȣȑ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȣȑ
ǰȡȍȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ...
ǶȚ ȚȘțȌȖȊ șȖȋȉȍȕȕȣȑ —
ǶȚȎȐȊȈȍȚ ȊȍȒ
Ǫ.-ȊȖșȚȖȒ
1914 ȋȖȌȈ

60
3
Ǵȍȟ
ǰșȚȐȕȕȣȑ ȋȍȘȖȑ
Ǵȍȟ șȊȖȑ ȊȍȘȕȣȑ șȖȝȘȈȕȐ
Ǵȍȟ ȚȖȟȐȓ ȕȈ ȉȖȑ
ǫȖȌȣ ȌȖȓȋȐȍ — ȕȍ ȌȕȐ
ǵȍ șȘȈȔȐ șȊȖȑ Ȕȍȟ — ȝȘȈȕȐ
Ǫ-ȊȖșȚȖȒ
 ȋȖȌȈ
4
ǹȍȘȌȞȍ Ȑ ȚȘȖșȚȕȐȒ
ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȈȒ ȚȘȖșȚȕȐȒ
ǩȣȚȤ ȗȘȧȔȣȔ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ —
ǺȈȒ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȖȑ șțȎȌȍȕȖ...
ǭșȚȤ ȒȘȐȊȖȑ ȚȘȖșȚȕȐȒ — ȒȈȓȍȒȈ
ǺȈȒ Ȑ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
Ǫ-ȊȖșȚȖȒ.
 ȋȖȌȈ

61
Ƕǵ ǼȅǶǮǶ
ǵȍ ȊȗțșȚȐȓ ȗȖȌ ȒȘȖȊ
ǵȖ ȏȈ ȏȓȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ
ǭșȚȤ ȊȖ ȏȓȍ ȌȖȉȘȖ
ȇ ȗȖȌ ȊȐȠȕȍȑ ȖȚȌȖȝȕț
ǷȘȐ șȐȧȕȐȐ ȓțȕȣ
ǹ-Ƿ-ȉțȘȋ.
13 ȔȈȘȚȈ 6 ȋȖȌȈ
Ƕǵ ǶǼǿǮǻǼ
Ǫ ȗȖȓȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȔ
ǴȍȎȌț ȓȖȝȔȖȚȤȍȊ ȋȕȐȓȣȝ —
ǵȐȡȐȑ ȉȍȏȌȖȔȕȣȑ
ǵȍȒȖȋȌȈ șȉȘȖșȐȓ Ȑȝ ȚțȚ
ǵȍȎȕȖ ȜȐȈȓȒȐ ȞȊȍȚțȚ
ǹ-Ƿ-ȉțȘȋ
 ȋ  ȔȈȘȚ

ǨȊȚȖȋȘȈȜ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȈ ȚȈȕȒȈ ǺȥȒȒȈȕȈ ǸǫǨǳǰ)

63
ȃǼǸǸȁ ȃǮǷǸǮǷ
1
Ǫ șțȔȍȘȒȐ
ǯȈȒȈȚ ǸȧȉȐȕȈ
ǫȖȘȧȚ Ȋ ȓțȟȈȝ ȘțȉȐȕȣ
ǪȌȈȓȐ — ȌȖȓȐȕȈ
ǹ-Ƿ-ȉțȘȋ
 ȋ  ȜȍȊȘ
2
ǻ ȏȈȔȍȘȏȠȐȝ șȚȍȒȖȓ
ǲȈȒ ȐșȒȘȣ ȊȏȖȘȈ
Ǫ țȏȖȘȈȝ șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȣȝ
ǴȍȟȚȣ ȔȖȘȖȏȈ
ǹ-Ƿ-ȉțȘȋ
1916 ȋ 20 ȜȍȊȘ

64
ǴȁȀǸǶǳ ȀǮǻǸǮ
1
ǴȈȘȚ
ǮțȚȒȐȍ ȕȐȚȐ
Ǫ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȔȍȘȏȠȍȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ
ǴȈȘȚ ȗȈțȚȐȕȐȚ
ǺȐȝȖ ȒȘȈȌțȚșȧ ȘȖșȚȒȐ
ǪșȗȣȝȕțȚȤ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔ ȊȊȍȘȝț
ǹ-Ƿ-ȉțȘȋ
1916 ǴȈȘȚȈ
2
ǪșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȤȧ
ǿȍȘȕȣȍ ȔȐȋȐ
ǷȘȖȕȖșȧȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ
ǺȖȟȕȖ ȊȍȘȐȋȐ
ǲȘȖȊȈȊȣȔȐ ȟȍȚȒȈȔȐ
ǰȋȘȈȦ țȒȘȈȌȒȖȦ
ǹ-Ƿ-ȉțȘȋ
 ȋ  ǴȈȘȚȈ

65
3
ǹȍȘȌȞȈ
ǩȤȦȚșȧ ȉȍȏ ȒȖȕȞȈ
Ǫșȍ șȚțȟȈȚ șȚțȟȈȚ șȚțȟȈȚ
ǮțȚȒȐȍ șȍȘȌȞȈ
ǹȔȍȘȚȤ țșȓȣȠȐȚ ȚȍȔȕȣȑ șȚțȒ
ǰ ȖȚȒȘȖȍȚ ȚȐȝȖ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ǹ-Ƿ-ȉțȘȋ
 ȋ  ǴȈȘȚȈ
4
ǷȖȝȖȘȖȕȣ
ǬȈȊȐȚ ȌțȠȐȚ șȗȓȐȕ
ǳȍȕȚȣ ȒȘțȎȈȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȍȕȒȈȝ
ǪȍȘȍȕȐȞȈ șȗȐȕ
ǩȍȏȣșȝȖȌȕȈȧ ȚȖșȒȈ
ǩȖȓȤ ȡȍȔȧȡȈȧ Ȋ ȊȐșȒȈȝ
ǹ -Ƿ-ȉțȘȋ
 ȋ ǼȍȊȘȈȓȤ.

ȅǳǾǻȉǷ ǲǼǺ
[1918]

ǴȖȍȑ șȍșȚȘȍ
ǬȏȖȍ-șȈȕ
ȗȖșȊȧȡȈȦ
ǨȊȚȖȘ

70
ǬțȠȈ ȔȖȧ — șȊȐȚȖȒ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȑ, —
ǴȕȖȋȖ ȗȍȟȈȚȍȑ șȍȘȌȍȞ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȊȠȐȝ
ǸȌȧȕȖ țȏȖȘȧȚ ȍȋȖ
ǿȍȚȒȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȤȧ
ǬțȝȖȊ țȠȍȌȠȐȝ ȗȖȒȐȕțȊȠȐȝ ȚHȓȖ
Ǫ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȝ ȏȈȉȣȚȣȝ ȊȍȒȈȝ.
ǬțȠȈ ȔȖȧ — șȊȐȚȖȒ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȑ —
ǴȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȔȐȋȐ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȦȚ
ǮțȚȒȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȚȤ — țȊȐȌȈȚȤ
ǹȔțȚȕȖ ȚȘȍȗȍȡȍȚ ȚțȔȈȕȐȚșȧ
ǳȐȒ ȔȖȑ — ȓȈȔȗȈȌȒȈ — Ȋ ȎȐȊȣȝ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȤȧȝ
Ǫȍȟȕȣȝ ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȕȣȝ ȔȖȋȐȓ
ǺȍȕȐ țȠȍȌȠȐȝ ȊȋȕHȏȌȐȓȐșȧ
Ǫ șȊȐȚȖȒ ǰșȟȍȘȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȏȕȈȒȈȔȐ ȉȣȓȍȑ —
Ǫ șȊȐȚȖȒ ȟțȎȖȑ Ȑ ȘȖȌȕȖȑ
ǹ-Ƿ-ȉțȘȋ
 ȋ ǨȗȘȍȓȤ

ȅǳǾǻȉǷ ǲǼǺ

72
1
ȅǳǾǻȉǷ ǲǼǺ
ǲȈȔȕȐ ǬȖȔȈ ȟȍȘȕȣ ȟȍȘȕȣ
ǬȖȔ — ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȑ ȋȘȖȉ
ǵȈ ȋȖȘȈȝ ț ȔȖȘȧ ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ǬȖȔ
Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ǬȖȔȍ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚ —
ǺȈȔ Ȋșȍ ȔȍȘȚȊȖ ȔȍȘȚȊȖ
ǬțȠȕȖ ȎțȚȒȖ ȚȈȔ
ǵȖȟȤȦ ȉȘȖȌȐȚ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ
ǲȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȓȈȟȍȚ ȕȖȟȤȦ
ǲȚȖ" — ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦȚ
ǲȚȖ țșȓȣȠȐȚ ȗȓȈȟ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȑ —
ǺȖȚ ȏȈȉțȌȍȚ șȔȍȝ țȓȣȉȒț
ǩyȌȍȚ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȔ
ǵȍ ȕȈȑȌȍȚ — țȔȘȍȚ Ȗȕ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ
Ƕȕ ȊȖȑȌȍȚ Ȋ ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȕȣȑ ȒȘțȋ —
ǹȚȈȕȍȚ ȊȍȟȕȣȔ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ ȒȈȔȕȍȔ ǬȖȔȈ
ǻșȚȤ-ǵȈȘȖȊȈ ǫțȕȋȍȕȉțȘȋ
 șȍȕȚȧȉȘȤ  ȋȖȌ

73
2
ǯǹǳǲǻȉǷ
ǴȖȘȍ ǩȓHȌȕȣȑ ȉȘȖȌȐȚ ȕȖȟȤȦ
ǪȖȓȕȣ ȗȓȍȡțȚșȧ ț ȕȖȋ
ǩȓȍȌȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȟȍȚ ǰȡȍȚ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ
ǪȌȘțȋ șȔȍȍȚșȧ ǪȌȘțȋ ȒȘȐȟȐȚ.
ǹȔȖȚȘȐȚ ǪȐȌȐȚ — ǿȚȖ" ǷȍșȖȒ"
ǵHȚ — ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȚȖșȒȈ ȚȖșȒȈ
ǳȐȒ ȍȍ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȍȚ ȊșȦȌț —
ǹȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȑ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȓțȕȕȣȑ
ǪȏȖȘ ȍȍ ȉȓțȎȌȈȍȚ
ǹȐȘȖȚȓȐȊȣȑ ȊȏȖȘ ȗȣȚȓȐȊȣȑ
ǰ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȑ Ȑ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȑ
ǩȓȍȌȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȟȍȚ ȉȍȏȣșȝȖȌȕȖ
Ǫ ȓȖȕȖ— Ȓ ȊȖȓȕȈȔ ȒȓȖȕȐȚ
ǮțȚȒȖ — ǮȈȓȒȖ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǹȔțȚȕȖ ȔȣșȓȐ ȔȍȘȒȕțȚ — Ǫ șȖȕ
ǻșȚȤ-ǵȈȘȖȊȈ
ǹȍȕȚȧȉȘȤ  ȋȖȌ

74
3
ǯǮǹ ǰ ȅǳǾǻǼǺ ǲǼǺǳ
ǩȓHȌȕȖȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ Ȋ ȚȘȈțȘȕȖȔ șȒȘȣȚȣȍ
ȗȓȧȠțȚ Ȋ ȗȖȚȍȔȒȈȝ
ǯțȉȣ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȚ ǩȓȍșȚȒȐ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ
ǷȓȧȠțȚ ȉȍȏ ȠțȔȈ Ȋ șȔȍȘȚȤ-ȚȐȠȐȕH
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȖȘȉȈȚȣȑ ȐȏȘHȌȒȈ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕȍȚ
— ©ǪȖȘȖȕ ȊȖȘȊȍȚșȧª
©ǫȘȖȉ ȖȉȖȘȊȍȚșȧª
ǫȘȖȉ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȘȉȈȚȣȔ
ȒȈȒ ȒȖȓȣȉȍȓȤ
ȔHȘȕȖ ȒȈȟȈȍȚșȧ
ǩȓHȌȕȖ-ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ ȒȘțȎȈȚșȧ ȒȘțȎȈȚșȧ
ǫȘȖȉ ȖȉHȋȈȦȚ —
ȋȘȖȉ Ȑȝ ȗțȋȈȍȚ
ǬțȠȕȖ
ǻȋȈȘȕȖ
ǻȋȈȘȕȖ
ǻȋȈȘȕȖ
ǪHȚȍȘ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȑ ȖȚ ȗȈȘ ȗȘȖȉHȋȈȦȡȐȝ
ǹȒȖȘȖ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȕȍȚ ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȕȈȌ ǬȖȔȖȔ
Ǫ ȡȍȓȐ ȊȉȐȘȈȦȚșȧ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȕȐȚȐ —
ǵȖȟȤ șȖȉȐȘȈȍȚșȧ
ȗȘȧȟȍȚșȧ
ȒȖȘȟȐȚșȧ Ȋ ǬȖȔH ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȔ
ǩȓHȌȕȖ-ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ șȐȓȧȚșȧ șȓȐȚȤșȧ ș ȕȖȟȤȦ țȋȈȘȕȖȑ
ǪȖȘȖȕ ȊȖȘȊȈȓșȧ
ǫȘȖȉ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓșȧ
ǫȖȘȉȈȚȣȑ ȊȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȦ — ȌHȓȈȚȤ Ȋȍșȕț
ǹȒȖȘȖ ȜȐȈȓȒȐ,
ǹ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȓȐȓȖȊȖȑ
ǯȈȎȔțȘȧșȤ ȐȋȘȐȊȖ
ǷȖȚȧȕțȚșȧ Ȓ ǹȖȓȕȞț
ǻșȚȤ-ǵȈȘȖȊȈ
ǶȒȚȧȉȘȤ 

75
ǲǮǾ ǺǮǸǮ
ǺȈȧȓ ȊȖșȒ ǶȋȕȐ șȚȘțȐȓȐșȤ ȊȊȣșȤ
ǲțȗȖȓ Ȕȋȓț șȚȍȘȍȋ șȉȐȘȈȓ ȖȚȚHȕȒȐ
ǺHȕȐ ȉȓȐȒȐ ȖȉHȋȈȓȐ șȚHȕȒȐ
ǵȈ ȒȘȍșȚH ȌȘȖȎȈȓ Ȋ ȖȏȕȖȉH șȣȟ
ȇ ȓȍȎȈȓ ǲȈȟȈȓȈșȤ ȒȖȓȣȉȍȓȤ
ǲȚȖ-ȚȖ ȔȣșȓȤ ȉȈȦȒȈȓ ȔȖȕȖȚȖȕȕȖ
ǪHȚȘȈ ȎțȚȒȐȑ ȠțȔ ȕȖșȐȓșȧ șȖȕȕȖ
ǫȌH-ȚȖ ș ȘȎȈȊȣȔ șȒȘȐȗȖȔ ȉȐȓȈșȤ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ǺȐȝȖ ȋȘȣȏȓȈ ȔȣȠȤ ȘȍȉȘȖ Ȋ ȉȖȒț: —
ǺȈȔ ȋȌH șȍȘȌȞȍ șȔțȚȕȖ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȈȓȖ
ǲȈȗȓȐ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȒȘȣȓȐ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȖ
ȇ ȊȓȈȋȈȓ Ȋ ȘȈȏȔHȘ șȚȐȝȈ ȔȍȟȚț
ǮȐȏȕȤ ȗȖ ȒȈȗȓȧȔ țȉHȋȈȓȈ ȗȘȖȟȤ
ȇ ȓȍȎȈȓ ș ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ, —
Ǫșȍ ȓȐȞȖ țȒțȚȈȊ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ —
ǹȎȈȊ ȘțȒȖȑ șțȝȖȑ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȘȖȚ
ǩȍȏ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȒȈȟȈȓȈșȤ ȒȖȓȣȉȍȓȤ
Ǫșȍ ȊȓȍȒȓȖ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕț ȏȈȉȊȍȕȤȧ —
ǪȖșȒ șȓȍȏȈȔȐ ȒȈȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȍȕȤȧ
ǴȣȠȤ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȐ ȗȘȖȋȘȣȏȓȈ Ȓ șȍȘȌȞț ȡȍȓȤ
ǹ-Ƿ-ȉțȘȋ
 ȕȖȧȉȘȤ  ȋ

76
ǿȁǺǳǾǸǶ
ǹțȔȍȘȒȐ ȚȤȔȧȚșȧ — ȚȍȔȕȐȞȣ
ǺHȕȐ ȒȘȈȌțȚșȧ ȋȘȖȉȈȔȐ
ǲȚȖ-ȚȖ ȝȘȖȔȖȑ Ȑ ȋȖȘȉȈȚȣȑ
Ǫ șțȔȍȘȒȈȝ ȚȖȔȕȣȝ ȚȖȔȐȚșȧ
ǹ-Ƿ-ȉțȘȋ
 ȋ ȇȕȊȈȘȤ

77
ǻǼȅȊȌ
ȇ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ — țȊȐȌHȚȤ Ȕȋȓț
ǵȖȟȤ șȖȟȐȓȈșȤ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ ȎțȚȒȐȔ șȕȖȔ
ǺȖȟȕȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȓȐȓ Ȑ ȓȐȓ șȔȖȓț
ǰ șȔȖȓȈ șȚȍȒȈȓȈ ȏȈ ȖȒȕȖȔ
ǹ-Ƿ-ȉțȘȋ
 ȋ  ȧȕȊȈȘȤ

78
Ǫ ȒȈȒțȦ ȋȓțȉȤ șȖȠȓȐ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȑ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȕȣȍ șHȚȐ"
ǲțȌȈ șȒȖȓȤȏȧȚ ȏȈȉȣȚȣȝ ȏȊțȒȖȊ ȊȍȘȍȕȐȞȣ"
ǲȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȋȘțȌȤ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȈ ȎȈȌȕȖ
ǰ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȎȌȈȓȖ ȊȖșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȑ.
ǵȖ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ ȘȊȈȓȐșȤ ȔȐȋȐ ȖȋȕȍȊȣȍ
ǲ ȕȖȟȈȔ ȕȍȊHȌȖȔȣȝ ȗțșȚȣȕȤ
ǷȖȉȓȍȒ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȑ ȌȐșȒ
ǵȈ ȎȍȓȚȣȝ șȚțȗȍȕȧȝ ȌȘȖȉȐȚșȧ
ȚțșȒȓȣȑ ȉȓȐȒ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖȋȖ ȓțȟȈ
Ǩȝ ǺHȕȤ șȖȚȘȍȚ șȔHȠȈȍȚ șȊHȚȓȣȍ țȏȖȘȣ
ǰ ȕȖȟȤ șȖȊȤȍȚ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȕȣȑ ȗȓHȕ
ǼȐȕȓȧȕȌȐȧ ǪȐȓȤȔȈȕșȚȘȈȕȌ
ǪȖȍȕ ȓȈȋȍȘȤ  ȐȦȓȤ  ȋ

ȅǳǾǻȉǷ ȃǾȁǿȀǮǹȊ

80
ǯǳǹǮȍ ǵǳǺǹȍ
ȅȗȐȚȈȜȐȧ șȈȔȖȔț șȍȉȍ
ǭșȚȤ ǩHȓȈȧ ǯȍȔȓȧ —
ǯȍȔȓȧ Ȍȓȧ ȉȓHȌȕȣȝ ȌțȠ
ǺȈȔ șȈȊȈȕȕȈȧ șȒȖȘȉȤ
ǺȈȔ ȚȘȈțȘȕȈȧ ȚȐȠȤ
ǶȒȈȔȍȕHȓȈȧ ȊȍșȕȈ
ǹȚȖȐȚ ȕȈ ȚȖȑ ǯȍȔȓH
ǷȍȟȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȕȍȌȊȐȎȕȈ
ǵȈ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȓȍȗȍșȚȒȈȝ
ǳȐȠȤ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȞȊHȚȣ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȘȈșȞȊHȓȐ
ǲȈȒ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȍ șȕȣ
ǵȈ șȈȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȏȍȔȓH
ǩȍșȠțȔȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌțȠȐ
ǷȖȘȝȈȦȚ Ȋ ȉHȓȐȏȕH
ǬȊȐȎȍȕȤȍ — șțȍȚȈ
ǯȍȔȓȐ ȐȕȖȑ — țȋȈȘȕȖ-ȟȍȘȕȖȑ —
ǷȘȖȒȓȧȚȤȍ ȉȓHȌȕȣȝ ȌțȠ
ǹ-Ƿ-ȉțȘȋ
 ȔȈȧ  ȋȖȌ.

81
ȁ ǱǾǼǯǮ
ǶȚȘȣȊȖȒ
ǶȌȐȕ ȋȓȈȏ ȗȘȐȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȑ —
ǹ ȘȈȏȓȐȊȠȐȔșȧ ȏȘȈȟȒȖȔ
ǬȘțȋȖȑ ȏȈȌȍȘȕțȚ ȊHȒȖȔ
ǰ șȌȈȊȓȍȕ ȗȧȚȈȒȖȔ.
ǪȣșȖȒȐȑ ȕȖș ș ȋȖȘȉȐȕȒȖȑ
ǹ ȏȈȖșȚȘȍȕȕȣȔ ȒȖȕȞȖȔ
ǯȈȌȍȘȕțȚ ȓȖȉ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȑ
ǩțȔȈȎȕȣȔ ȖȉȖȌȒȖȔ
ǯȈ ȘȈȔȒȖȑ ȋțȉ ȏȈșȖȝȠȐȝ
ǲȖȕȞȣ ȏțȉȖȊ ȉHȓHȦȚ. . . .
.......................

82
ǺǼǷ ǹǶǸ
ȇ ȓȦȉȓȦ ǿȍȚȊȍȘȋ
ǰ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȧ șțȔȍȘȒȐ
ȇ Ȋ ȚȖȔȓȍȕȤȐ șȔțȚȕȖȔ
ǶȎȐȌȈȦ ǴȈȘȚȈ

83
ǰ ǺǼǻǮǿȀȉǾǳ
Ǫ ȚȍȔȕȖȍ ȖȌHȚȣȍ,
ǴȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȍ șȚȖȧȚ
ǺȈȑȕȖȦ ȏȈȌHȚȣȍ,
ǺȈȑȕț ȚȘȍȗȍȚȕȖ ȚȈȧȚ
ǵȖȟȤ ȉHȎȐȚ ȚțȔȈȕȕȈȧ
ǰ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȚ ȏȈ ȕȍȦ ȌȍȕȤ
ǺȈȑȕȈ ȌȖȓȋȖȎȌȈȕȕȈȧ
ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȚȐȝȖȍ ȏȈȌHȕȤ
ǴȖșȒȊȈ ǹȚȘȈșȚȕȖȑ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘȤ
 ȋȖȌ

84
ǰ ǰǳȅǳǾǻǶǷ ȅǮǿ
ǹțȔȍȘȒȐ ȠȍȗȟțȚ țșȚȈȔȐ țșȚȈȓȣȔȐ
— ǳȦȌȐ ȊȖȑȌȐȚȍ Ȋ ȖȉȐȚȍȓȤ
ǩHȓȣȍ ȋȖȓȣȍ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȍ șȚHȕȣ,
ǴȍȎȌț ȉȍȘȍȏȈȔȐ ȌȘȍȔȓȦȚ
ǳȦȌȐ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧȚ ȗȈȕȍȓȧȔȐ ȚȍȔȕȣȔȐ
ǲȘȍșȚȧȚșȧ Ƞȓȧȗ ȕȍ șȒȐȌȈȧ
ǺȖȟȕȖ ȚȖȘȖȗȧȚșȧ ȚȖȓȗȣ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ǷȘȖȟȤ ȖȚ ȗȖȘȖȟȕȣȝ ȗȖȘȖȋȖȊ
ǹ-Ƿ-ȉțȘȋ
 ȋ

85
ǿǺǳǾȀȊ
ǲȚȖ-ȚȖ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȕȖ ȚȘȖȕțȓ șȚȘțȕț —
ǷȘȖȘȖȕȐȓ ȚȐȝȐȑ ȠțȔ Ȋ ȚȐȠȐȕț
ǶȚȖȠȍȓ șHȓ Ȋ țȋȓț
ǻșȚȘȍȔȐȓ ȊȏȖȘ ȊȖ Ȕȋȓț
ǵȍȘȊȕȖ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȓȈȔȗȈȌȒț ȏȈȎȍȋ
Ǫ ȗȖȓțȔȋȓH ȊȐȌȍȕ ȎȍȓȚȣȑ ȉȖȎȖȒ
ǺțșȒȓȖ ȡțȗȈȍȚ șȊHȚ
Ǵȋȓȣ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȑ șȓHȌ.
ǵȈ șȚHȕH șȊHȚȖȚHȕȍȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ
ǹȚȈȓȤ ȒȖșȕțȓȈșȤ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȋȖ ȓȉȈ
ǷȍȘȍȌȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ ȉȘȖȊȤ
ǷȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȧ ȒȘȖȊȤ
ǲȚȖ-ȚȖ șȉȘȖșȐȓ ȊȔȐȋ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ
ǵȍ ȖȟȕȍȚșȧ ȖȚ șȕȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ
ǴȖșȒȊȈ
 ȋ

86
ǿ ǺǮǻǿǮǾǲȉ
Ǫ ȚțȔȈȕH ȚȍȔȕȣȑ ȝȘȈȔ
ǰ șȊHȚȓȣȑ șȕHȋ Ȋ ȚțȔȈȕȍ
ǵȍȊȐȌȕȣȝ țȓȐȞ ȋȈȔ
ǺȘȍȊȖȎȐȚ ȘȖȑ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȑ
ǹ-Ƿ-ȉțȘȋ
 ȋȖȌ

87
ǺǶǱ
ǹȖ ȘȊȈȕȣȝ șȚȘțȕ
ȇ șȚȘȖȕțȓ ȗȣȓȤ
ǰ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ șȚȖȕ
ǪșȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȓ ȉȖȓȤ
ǴȖșȒȊȈ
ǬȍȒȈȉȘȤ  ȋ

88
ȀǮ
ǶȕȈ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȈ
Ǫ șȚȍȒȓH ȊȈȋȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȒȕȈ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȊșȚȘHȚȐȓȐșȤ ȋȓȈȏȈ —
ǫȌH șȊHȚȖȊȈȧ ȗȖȓȖșȈ
ȇ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ ȍȑ
Ǫ ȖȚȊHȚ — ȔȖȘȡȐȕȒȈ ȔȍȎ ȉȘȖȊȍȑ
ǻșȔHȠȒȈ ȕȈ ȋțȉȈȝ
ǲȈȒ ț ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ Ȋ ȋȘȖȉȈȝ
ǹ-Ƿ-ȉțȘȋ
 ȋ  ȔȈȘȚȈ

89
ǰȅǳǾǮ
ȇ ȖȌȐȕ ȇ ȖȌȐȕ ǶȌȐȕȖȒȖ
ǺȍȔȍȕ ȌȍȕȤ ȚȖȔȕȖ ȚHȕȤ ȏȈ ȖȒȕȖȔ
ǺȍȔȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ — ȔȖȕȖȚȖȕȕȣȑ ȒȈȕȖȕ
ȇ ȏȈȔȖȓȒ ȇ ȔȖȓȟț...
Ǩ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒ ȠȈȓȖȊȓȐȊ
ȇ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȗȘȖȒȘȐȟȈȓ șȍȘȌȞț ȒȓȐȟ
Ǩȝ ȊȟȍȘȈ ǵHȚ «ȊȟȍȘȈ» ǪȍȟȍȘHȓȖ
ǹȒȖȘȉȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȚȘȈțȘ ȔȋȓȐșȚȣȝ ȒțȌȘȍȑ,
Ǩ ȘțȔȧȕȍȞ ȚȈȒ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȘȌHȓ
ȇ ȋȖȘHȓ ȇ șȋȖȘȈȓ ǬȖȋȈȌȈȓȈșȤ. —
ǿȈȘȖȊȈȓȈ ȋȖȘȧȟȈȧ ȊȓȈșȚȤ —
ǰ Ȋ ȚȖȔȓȍȕȐȐ șȕȧȓȈ ȈȚȓȈș
ǰ ȎȍȓȈȕȕȈȧ — ȎȈȘȒȖ ȖȚȌȈȓȈșȤ
ǹ-Ƿ-ȉțȘȋ.
 ȋ  ȧȕȊȈȘȤ

90
ǷȖșȊ ǹȈȉțȘȖ ǹȐȔȈȕȖ
ǿǼǿǻǮ
ǻ ȏȈȔȍȘȏȠȍȋȖ ȖȒȕȈ
ǬȘȍȔȓȍȚ ȌȘȧȝȓȈȧ șȖșȕȈ
ǪHȚȍȘ șȕȖșȐȚ ș ȊHȚȖȒ șȕHȋ.
ǩȘȍȌȐȚ ȌȍȘȍȊȖ ȊȖ șȕH
ǳȤȍȚșȧ ȚțșȒȓȣȑ șȊHȚ ȓțȕȣ
ǵȈ ȚȘȖȗȐȕȒH ȚHȕȤ șȖșȕȣ
ǿțȚȤ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȈȧ ȊȐȌȕȈ
ǩȘȍȌȐȚ ȌȘȧȝȓȈȧ șȖșȕȈ
ǹ-ǷȉțȘȋ
 ȋ

91
ǻǮ ȅǮǿǮȃ
ǸȎȈȊȟȐȕȈ ȔȖȝ Ȑ ȗȘȖȋȕȐȊȠȐȍ șȚȈȊȕȐ
ǩȓHȌȕȣȍ șȚȍȉȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȉȘȍȊȕȈȔȐ ȋȘȐȉ
ǴȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȌȊȐȋȈȦșȤ ȚȐȝȐȑ țșȚȈȓȣȑ
ǺȖȟȕȖ ȗȖȌ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤȦ ȊHȟȕȣȝ ȊȍȘȐȋ
ǹȌȈȊȓȍȕȖ ȦȕȖȍ ȈȓȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ..
ǸȎȈȊȈȧ ȚȍȔȕȈȧ ȌȘȍȊȕȧȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ.
ǲHȔ-ȚȖ ȏȈȚȍȘȧȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȖșȚȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȗȍȘșȚȍȕȤ
ǪȌȈȊȓȍȕ Ȋ ȗȘȖȋȕȐȊȠȐȑ Ȗȉțȋȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȍȕȤ
ǼȐȕȓȧȕȌȐȧ ǪȐȓȤȔȈȕșȚȘȈȕȌ.
ǪȖȍȕ ȓȈȋȍȘȤ  ȐȦȕȤ  ȋȖȌ

92
ǹȍȘȈȜȐȔȍ — ǿȍȘȕȖȔț ǽȘțșȚȈȓȦ
Ǫ ȔȖȍȑ ȗțșȚȣȕȍ ȔȈȒ ȏȈȞȊȍȓ
Ƕ ȟțȌȖ șȓȈȊȕȖȍ
ȇ șȕȖȊȈ ȧȊȤ ȗȘȐȧȓ
Ǫ ȏȐȔȍ ȗȖȌ șȕȍȋȖȔ ȒȓȈȌ
ȕȍȎȌȈȕȕȖ ȏȈșȐȧȓ
ǹȐȧȑ ȓȐȒțȑ — ǲ Țȍȉȍ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ
ǺȊȖȑ ȏȕȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȗȘȖȉțȌȐȓ
ȇ ȌȕȍșȤ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋ ȊȖșȗȍȓ
ȇȚȐȝȐȧșȍȕȧ
ǻȓȣȉȒț ȊȕȖȊȤ ȖȉȘȍȓ
ǫȘțȌȤ șȟȈșȚȤȍȔ Ȗșȍȕȧ
ǶȚ șȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȧȊȤ țȊȍȌȐ
ǫ ǵȈȘȊȈ
9-Ȗȑ ȋȖȘ ȓȈȏȈȘȍȚ
 ȌȍȒȈȉȘȧ  ȋȖȌȈ

93
ǷǨǻǲ
ǫȌȍ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȐ Ȑ ȋȈșȓȐ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȖȋȕȐ
ǫȌȍ ȉȓțȎȌȈȓȐ ȚȍȘȧȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȐ ȌȕȐ
ǫȌȍ ȊȖȏȌȊȐȋȕțȓȐ ȔȐȋȐ ȟȍȘȚȖȋȐ ȔȍȟȚȣ
ǫȌȍ ȗȣȓȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȤ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȑ ȞȊȍȚȣ —
ǺȈȔ ȗȈțȒ ș ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȤȍȔ ȒȘȍșȚȈ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȍ
ǷȈțȚȐȕț ȗȓȍȚȍȚ Ȋ ȋȘȖȉȖȊȖȑ ȚȐȠȐȕȍ
ǹȒȘȖȍȚ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȌ ȋȕȍȚțȡȐȔ țȏȖȘȖȔ ȋȕȍȏȌȈ
ȅȚȖȚ șȍȘȣȑ ȏȈȉȊȍȕȤȧ ȗȈțȒ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ
ǹ-Ƿ-ǩțȘȋ
 ȌȍȒȈȉȘȧ  ȋȖȌȈ

ǲȕ-ȊȖ ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȍȑ
ǪǭǵǭǬǰǲǺ ǴǨǸǺ
ǪȃȀǳǰ ǰǯ ǷǭǿǨǺǰ
1. ǷHșȍȕȞȣ
2. ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ǬȖȔ
ǫǶǺǶǪȇǺǹȇ ǲ ǷǭǿǨǺǰ
1. Ǫ ȖȔțȚH ȏȍȘȒȈȓ
ǰȏțȔȘțȌȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȊȐ
2. ǴȐȕȐȈȚȦȘȣ
3. ǫȍȘȈȕȐ Ȑ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȒȘȈșȕȣȝ ȏȕȈȔȍȕ
ǹȒȓȈȌ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ ǨȉȘȍȒșȒȈȧ
țȓȐȞȈ Ȍ ȹ  ǺȐȗȖȋȘȈȜȐȧ ǵ Ƿ ǴȈȚȊHȍȊȈ
ǺȍȓȍȜȖȕ ȹ - 98.

ǾȁǿȊ — ǸǾǼǰȊ ǺǼȍ
(1918)

97
ǼȀ ǮǰȀǼǾǮ
Ǫ ȥȚț ȒȕȐȋț ȊȖȠȓȐ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ șȖȏȌȈȕȕȣȍ Ȋ țȋȈȘȕȣȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȊȖȑȕȣ Ȑ Ȋ
ǹȊȧȚȣȍ ǬȕȐ ǸȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ
ǹȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ ȥȚȐ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȕȍȏȈȒȖȕȟȍȕȣ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ — ȋȘțȉȖ ȖȚȘȣȊȖȟȕȣ
ȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔȐ ȐȉȖ —
©ǷȖȔȍȘȒȓȖ ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȌȕȍșȤ
ǰ șȓȖȊț ȕȍ șȐȧȚȤª —
ȐȉȖ ȕȍȚ ǼȖȘȔ Ȑ ǹȓȖȊȈ ȕȍȐȏȎȐȚȖȔț ȚȍȒțȡȍȔț
Ǫșȍ Ȏȍ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȦ ȥȚț ȒȕȐȋț ȘȈȌȐ ȉȍȏȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȖȑ ȊȍȘȣ șȊȖȍȑ Ȋ ǸțșȤ
ȘȈȌȐ ǹȓȖȊȈ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ
ȘȈȌȐ șȔțȚȕȖȋȖ ǬțȝȈ ȋȘȧȌțȡȍȋȖ
ǺȖȒȐȖ ǴȈȘȚ  ȋȖȌ

98
ǸȖșșȐȧ — șȔțȚȕȈȧ șȚȘȈȕȈ —
ȇ ȚȊȖȑ ȐȏȉȘȈȕȕȐȒ ȧșȕȣȑ
ǪȖ Ȕȕȍ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȈ
Ǻȣ — ȘȌȧȕȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ
 ȧȕȊ șȚșȚ  ȋ
ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȍȑ

99
1914 ȋȖȌ ǶșȍȕȤ.
ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ
ǰǳȇǶǷ ǵǻǮǸ
ǷȘȐȏȘȈȒ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ
ǯȈȘȍȊȖȔ ȗȖȎȈȘȈ
ǪȒȘțȋ ȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȠȈȘȈ
ǯȈȋȖȘȍȓșȧ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȊȓȈșȚȕȣȑ
ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȑ ǩȖȋȈ
ǴȍȘȚȊȖȦ ȚȘȖȗȖȦ
ǻȕȍșȍȚ șȖȉȖȦ, —
ǹȔȍȘȚȤ — ȉȍȏȊȍșȚȕȈȧ ȌȖȘȖȋȈ?!.
ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȒȖȠȔȈȘ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȈ —
ǹȔȍȘȚȐ șȔȍȝ ȒȖșȚȓȧȊȣȑ —
ǷȘȐȏȣȊ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȊȣȑ
ǲ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ"
ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȏȕȈȒ ȐșȒțȗȓȍȕȤȧ —
ȅȚȖȚ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ" —
Ǫ ȊȍȒ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȕȍȕȈșȚȕȣȑ
ǯȕȈȒ șȊȧȚȖȋȖ ȖȉȕȖȊȓȍȕȤȧ"
...ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȏȈșȊȍȘȒȈȍȚ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȉțȘȐ!..
...ǪȍȡȐȑ ȏȕȈȒ Ȋ ȓȈȏțȘȐ
ȇȘȒȖȑ ȘȈȌțȋȖȑ șȊȍȘȒȈȍȚ.

100
1914 ȋȖȌ ǶșȍȕȤ.
ǪȊȖșȚȖȒ
Ǫ ȋȖȌ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȝ ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȐȑ
ǸȈȏȘțȠȍȕȐȑ șȖȏȐȌȈȕȐȑ
ǩȖȓȤȠȍ ȉȖȌȘȖșȚȐ ȌȍȘȏȈȕȐȑ
Ǫ ȟȈȌȕȖ-ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȕȍȗȖȋȖȌȍ
ǷȘȖȉțȎȌȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȈȘȖȌȍ
ǪȖȓȧ ȘȌȧȕȈȧ Ȓ șȊȖȉȖȌȍ
ȇȘȟȍ ȧȘȟȍ ȉȓȍȡțȚ ȌȈȓȐ
Ǫ ȋȖȌ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȑ ȋȖȌ ȗȍȟȈȓȐ —
ȇȘȟȍ ȧȘȟȍ ȉȓȍȡțȚ ȌȈȓȐ

101
 ȐȦȓȤ șȚșȚ  ȋȖȌ
ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ
ǬȖȔ ȕȈ ǨȉȘȍȒșȒȖȑ
ǹȖȓȤȊȍȑȋ ǹȖș
ǭ
ȀȍȘȍȊȒȐ ȅȜ
ǸȖȌȕȈȧ ȔȈȚȤ
ȚȊȖȑ șȣȕ — ȔȐȓȓȤȖȕȖȓȐȒȐȑ —
ȚȊȖȑ șȔțȚȕȣȑ ȗȤȧȕȣȑ șȣȕ —
ȗȘȐȧȊȠȐȑ ȊȖȓȦ Ȑ ȗțȚȐ
Ȓ ǲțȓȤȚțȘȍ ǸȈȊȍȕșȚȊț Ȑ ǩȘȈȚșȚȊț
Ǻȍȉȧ Ȋ ǫȖȓȋȖȜț ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓ
ǪȟȍȘȈȠȕȐȑ ȘȈȉ
ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦȡȐȑ ǬȈȘȣ —
Ȗșȓȍȗ Țȣ Ȋ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȊ"
ǸȖȌȕȈȧ ȔȈȚȤ
ȚȊȖȑ ȌȍȘȏȒȐȑ șȣȕ
ȊȖȏȕȖșȐȚ ȒȘȍșȚ —
ȘȈșȗȧȚȤ Țȍȉȧ
ȗȖȏȖȘȕȣȔ ȘȈȉșȚȊȖȔ

103
 ȐȦȓȤ șȚșȚ  ȋȖȌ
ǽȘȐșȚȖș ȊȏȋȓȧȕȐ ș Ȋȣșȍȑ ǩȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ǹȊȖȐȝ
ȕȈ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȠȈȘ — țȋȈȘȕȣȑ ȔȐȘ
ǸȈșșȍȑ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȑ ȗȈȘ
ǳțȟȐșȚȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȒȘȖȚȒȐȝ ȋȓȈȏ
ǽȘȐșȚȖș ȘȈșȗȧȚȣȑ ȏȌȍșȤ —
ǷȘȖșȚȐ Ȕȕȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț —
ȇ ȉȍȏȣșȝȖȌȕȖ — ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ —
ǴȕȖȋȖȔȐȓȓȤȖȕȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ǬȍȘȏȕțȊȠȐȑ ǲȖșȔȖș ȊȏȧȚȤ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȉ —
ǲȖȓȍȕȖȗȘȍȒȓȖȕȍȕȕȣȑ
ȧ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȖȉȕȐȔț
șȓȍȏȖȑ ȟȍȘȊȧ ȊșȗȖȦ
Ȑ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ țȚȖȓȦ ȗȖȓȧ —
ȘȈșȚȐ ȞȊȍȚȈȔ
ȊȏȖȑȚȐ ȚȘiȊȈȔ
ǩȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȐ ǽȘȐșȚȖș
ǩȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȐ!
ǻȚȍȠȤ ȊșȍȓȍȕșȒȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ
ǻȉȍȑ ȊșȦ ȚȊȈȘȤ
ǷȘȖșȚȐ — țȉȍȑ

104
 ȈȊȋțșȚ șȚșȚ  ȋȖȌ
ǪȊȖșȚȖȒ ǬȖȔ ȕȈ ǨȉȘȍȒșȒȖȑ
ǲȖȠȔȈȘ
ǷȈțȒ-ȗȖȏȖȘ ȗȓȍȚȍȚ șȊȖȑ șȈȊȈȕ-ȎțȚȤ —
șȗȓȍȚȈȍȚ ȗțȚȣ ȗȈțȚȐȕ —
ȕȍȊȍȎȍșȚȊȖ șȗȖȓȏȓȖ Ȑ ȌȈȊȐȚ ȇȊȤ
ǺȊȖȐ șȣȕȣ ǹȚȘȈȕȈ Țȍȉȧ ȗȧȚȕȧȚ
ǷȖȏȖȘȕȖ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȚȍȓȈ-ȗȖȓȧ ȕȈȊȖȏȧȚ Ȑ ȌȖȉȘȧȚ
ǵȍ ȝȓȍȉ ȘȖȌȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȧȝ —
ǵȍ ȘȖȎȤ ȓȦȉțȍȚ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ —
ǵȍȚ
— ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȌȈȘțȍȚ ǹȔȍȘȚȤ
ǺȊȖȘȧ ȗȖȏȖȘ ȉȍȌȣ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤ

105
 ȈȊȋțșȚ șȚ/cȚ 1917 ȋȖȌ
ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȍȑ
ǬȖȔ ȕȈ ǨȉȘȍȒșȒȖȑ
ǩȈȋȘȖȊȣȑ ȓȐȒ — Ƕ
ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȔȐȋ —
ǷȖșȚȐȋ
ǸȖșșȐȧ — ǸȖȌȐȕȈ ȔȖȧ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȍȚ ȊȕȖȊȤ
ȟȚȖȉ ȊȖșșȐȧȚȤ
ǸȈșȗȧȓȐȞȈ-ǸȖșșȐȧ ȐșȒțȗȐȚ ȋȘȍȝ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȑ
ǯȈ ȔȐȘ — ȖȌȕȈ
ǯȈ ȔȐȘ — ȖȌȕȈ
ǸȖșșȐȧ — ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ
ǸȖșșȐȧ — ȕȍȉȍșȈ —
ǪșȍȓȍȕȕȖȑ — ȕȍȉȍșȈ

106
 ȖȒȚȧȉȘȤ  ȋȖȌ
ǻȊȖȌȐȚ ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȔȐȓȓȤȖȕȈȔȐ ȘȈȉȖȊ —
ǯȍȔȓȧ ȊȉȐȘȈȍȚ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȖȊ
ǹȚȍȒȈȍȚ ȒȘȖȊȤ Ȑȏ ȘȈȕ ȉȍșșȟȍȚȕȣȝ
ǪșȖșȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȏȓȖȑ Ȑ ȌȘȧȝȓȣȑ ȔȐȘ —
ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȕȣȑ ȊȈȔȗȐȘ
— ǵȈ ȗȐȘ ǵȈ ȗȐȘ
ǰ ȏȔȍȐ ȊȍȚȘȈ ȊȤȦȚșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȧȝ
ǸȈȏȉțȝȓȈ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȏȍȔȓȧ
ǹȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ —
ǷȖȟțȧ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȖȊ —
ǹȗȍȠȈȚ ȗȘȖȎȖȘȓȐȊȣȍ ȟȍȘȊȐ
ǰ ȊȖȘȖȕ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ ȘȈșȗțșȚȐȊ
ǷȖȓȧ ȚȍȕȧȔȐ ȏȈșȓȖȕȐȓ
ȀȈȒȈȓȣ ǨȜȘȐȒȐ șțȝȖȑ
ǭȊȘȖȗȍ ȠȓȦȚ ȗȘȐȊȍȚ —
ȋȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȊȖȑ
— ǵȈ ȗȐȘ ǵȈ ȗȐȘ
ǯȈȒȈȚȈ ȒȘȖȊȤ șȚȘȈȠȐȚ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ǶȚ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȗȖȚțșȒȕȍȓȐ
ǾȊȍȚȣ Ȋ ȗȖȓȧȝ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȍ ȏȈȈȓȍȓȐ
ǰ ȠȍȗȖȚ ȓȐșȚȤȍȊ șȚȈȓ ȔȘȈȟȕȍȑ
ǰ ȉȓȈȋȖȊȍșȚ ȞȍȘȒȊȍȑ
ǪȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȈ,
ǲȈȒ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȈ
ǩȍȏțȔșȚȊȖ ȏȈȘȖȎȌȈȧ
— ǷȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȑ ȔȐȘ —
ǹȔȍȍȚșȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ǽȖȝȖȟȍȚ șȔȍȘȚȤ
ǯȔȍȐȚșȧ ț ȔȓȈȌȍȕȞȈ ȕȈ țșȚȈȝ
ǻȓȣȉȒȈ șțȍȚȣ șțȍȚ

108
26 ȖȒȚȧȉȘȤ șȚ/cȚ 1917 ȋȖȌ
ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȍȑ
ǶȚȟȐȑ ȌȖȔ ȕȈ ǨȉȘȍȒșȒȖȑ
ǩȈȋȘȖȊȣȑ ȓȐȒ. Ƕ ǲȈ-ȝȍ-Ȕȍ
ǽǶǲǲǻ ǽǨǱǲǨǱ
ǺȍȔȕȣȍ ȓȐȒȐ —
ǯȈ șȚȍȒȓȈȔȐ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȦȚ
ǴȋȓȐșȚȣȍ ȉȓȐȒȐ

109
 ȧȕȊȈȘȤ șȚ/cȚ 1918 ȋȖȌ
ǪȊȖșȚȖȒ Ǭ ȕȈ ǨȉȘȍȒ
ǹȖȓȤȊȍȑȋ ǹȖș
ǫȌȍ-ȚȖ ȘȣȌȈȦȚ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ
Ǫ ȎțȚȤ ȔȖȦ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȒȖȠȒȐ
ǴȖȎȍȚ — ȏȈ ȔȋȓȖȦ ȖȒȖȠȒȈ
ǹȒȘȍȎȍȚ ȏțȉȖȊȕȣȑ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ"

110
ǯ ȜȍȊȘȈȓȤ șȚcȚ 8 ȋ.
ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȍȑ ǫȖȘȣ
ǻ ǹȍȘȈȜȐȔȣ — ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǽȘțșȚȈȓȧ
ǹȖȓȤȊȍȑȋ ǹȖș
ǬțȠȕȣȍ ȌțȠȐ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȤȚȍ!!
ǪȖșșȚȈȕȤȚȍ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ șȓȍȗȞȣ

ǰȓțȓȒȖȘȠ ǺȎȞȠ ǱȎȐȞȖȖș ȋșȪȢ
ȂǮǶǻ
(1919)

114
 ȕșȚ ȇȕȊȈȘȤ  ȋȖȌ
ǽ-Ȁ-Ǫ ǫȖȘȣ
ǻ ǹȍȘȈȜȐȔȣ ǿȍȘ ǽȘ
ǩ ǯ et ǶȗȐȑ
ȅȚȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ șȚțȗȍȕȐ
ȀȈȚȒȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȣ ȗȘȖȑȌț
ǰ ȔȍȟȚȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȖȚȔȍȕȐȚ—
ǺȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȣȘȊȈȕȖ Ȋ ȉȘȍȌț
==================
ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋ 17 ȋȖȌ
 Ǩ ȘȧȌȖȔ ǬȎȐȋȈ
ǹȚțȗȈȍȚ ȕȍȎȕȖ-ȕȍȎȕȖ ȗȖ ȗȈȕȍȓȐ
ǭȋȖ ȉȖȚȐȕȒȐ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȓȐ
ǶȚ ȊȍȏȌȍșțȡȍȑ șțȍȚȣ
=================
 ȋȖȌ  ȕșȚ ǼȍȊȘȈȓȤ
ǽ-Ȁ-Ǫ ǪȍȘȠȐȕȣ
ǩȍȓȈȧ ǯȍȔȓȧ
ǶǵǽǼǲȁǱǼǹȊǻȉǺ ǽǼǲǱǹȍǲȅǶǸǮǺ
ǯȌȍșȤ Ȋȣ ȕȐ ȗȘȐ ȟȍȔ ǯȌȍșȤ ǿȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȣȑ ǼȈȕȚȈșȚ Ȑȏ ȕȍȌȘ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȕȣȝ ȚȊȖ-
ȘȐȚ ȊȈȔ ȧȌ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤ
Ǫȣ ȘȈșȗȓȍȡȍȚȍ șȍȘȌȞȈ ǪȈȠȐ Ǫȣ ȔȖȏȋ ǪȈȠ șȒȖȔȒȈȍȚȍ șȗȓȦșȕȐȚȍ ȗȖȌ ȓȖȉ
Ǫȣ ȏȈȔȐȋȈȍȚȍ ȊȍȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȘȈșȗȓȍȡȍȚȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǪȈȠȐ
ǵǼǸǼǻǻȉǺ ǿǹǶǵǻȍǺ
...Ǫȣ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ" Ȗȕ ȗȖȌ ȓȈȔȗȖȑ ǯȈȓȐȚ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȡȍȌȘȖ
ǹȔȈȟȕȖ"
ǹȓȦȕȐ ț ǪȈș"" ǵȍȚ Ȑȏ ȋțȉ șȖȟȐȚșȧ șȔȍȘȌȧȡȐȑ ȋȕȖȑ
ǹȍȘȌȞȈ ǪȈȠȐ ȗȖȚȍȦȚ Ȑ ȗțȝȕțȚ Ǫȣ ȌȍȘȏȕțȓȐ ȊȣșȓȍȌȐȚȤ ǿȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȉ-

115
șȒȐ ȏȈȚȈȧșȤ ȊȖ Ȕȋȓȍ ȏȈȖȒȖȕȕȖȑ
Ǫȣ Ȋ ȡȍȓȐ ȊȚȐșȕțȓȐ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣ ȟȈȌȕȖ-ȗȘȖȎȖȘȓȐȊȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ Ǫ șȚȍȒȓȈ Ȑȏ Ȕȋȓȣ
ȡțȗȈȦȚ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊȈȠȐ ȔȐȋȈȦȡȐȍ ȎȈȌȕȖ
Ǫȣ ȒȖȘȟȐȚȍșȤ șȒȘȦȟȍȕȕȖ ȊȖ Ȕȋȓț; ȍșȓȐ ȧ ȗȖȌȕȐȔț ȋȓȈȏȈ șȊȖȐ Ȑ
șȒȖȓȤȏȕȍȚ ȊȖ Ȕȋȓț ȔȖȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ șȐȧȓȤȕȣȑ
ǪȣșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȍȓȐ ǬȖȌȋȓȧȌȟȐȒȐ ǹȓȐȏȕȐ ǪȏȋȓȧȌȣ ȋȓȈȏ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȊȚȐșȕȐȚȍ Ȋ ȡȍ-
ȓȐ ǷȘȖșȖȟȐȚȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊȈȠȐ Ȋ șȚȍȒȓȈ Ȑȏ țȋȓȖȊ ȗȖȎȐȘȈȑȚȍ șȔțȚȕȖȋȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ șȊȍ-
ȚȖȔ ȖȉȔȈȕțȚ ȗȘȍȌȈȕ Ǫȣ ȊȖ Ȕȋȓȍ ȟȍȘȕȣ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȏȋ ȊȈȠ ȓȐȗȒȐȑ Ȑ șȔȘȈȌȕȣȑ

116
ǰǳǻǳǲǶǸȀ ǺǮǾȀ
 ȇȕȊȈȘȤ șȚ./șȚ  ȋȖȌ
ǽ-Ȁ.-Ǫ — ǬȖȔ ȕȈ ǨȉȘȍȒ
ǹȖȓȤȊȍȑȋ ǹȖș.
IǲȚȍȉȍȐȖȚȕȍȋȖ
ǹȒȊȖȏȤ ǹȓȖȊȖ Ȋ ȐȋȓȐȕȖȍ țȠȒȖ șȓȖȊȈ
ȗȖȌșȔȖȚȘȍȕȕȣȍ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȣ ȗȈșțȡȐȍșȧ Ȋ
ȗțșȚȣȕȧȝ ȔȖȏȋȈ-ȔȣșȓȐ
ǩțȌȤȚȍ ȖȈȏȐșȈȔȐ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȋȕțȚșȧ
ȎȈȎȌțȦȡȐȍ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȣ ȔȖȐ Ȓ ȊȈȠȐȔ
ȏȍȘȒȈȓȈȔ ȋȓȖȚȕțȚȤ Ȑ ȖȚȘȈȏȐȚȤșȧ
ǿȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ ǴȈȘȚȈ ȚȖȚ —
ǲȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȉțȒȊȈȝ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ — ȎȈȎȌȍȚ —
ǲ ȕȍȔț — ȒȖșȚȧȔȐ ȉțȒȊ ȌȖ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȌȖșȚțȟțșȤ
Ƕȕ ȗȈșȚȣȘȤ ȕȈ ȔȖȐȝ ȗȖȓȧȝ ȉțȔȈȎȕȣȝ —
Ƕȕ ȖȚȓȐȟȐȚ Ȋ șȚȈȌȈȝ ȟȍȘȕȐȓȤȕȣȝ șȓȖȊ —
ǰ șȒȖȘȉȐ ȉȍȓȐȏȕț
ǰ ȈȓȖșȚȤ șȍȘȌȞȈ
ǩȖȓȤ ȏȈȗȍȒȠțȦ Ȋ șȚȘȖȒȈȝ
Ƕȕ ȖȚȓȐȟȐȚ șȐȧȕȐȍ ȊȍȘȠȐȕ
ǬȖșȚȐȋȠȐȝ ș ȉȍȏȌȕ ȔȖȏȋȈ
ǬȖ ȏȊțȒȖȊ șȓȖȊ ȚțȔȈȕȕȣȝ
ǿȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ ǴȈȘȚȈ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȚȡȍȚț ȉțȒȊ Ȑ șȓȖȊȈ șțȍȚț
ǿȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ ȔȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȔȐȕțȍȚ
șȚȘȖȒȐ șȓȖȊ Ȑ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȤȧ ȜȖȘȔ
ǪȍȘȕȍȚșȧ ȗȘȖȟȤ — Ȓ șȍȉȍ
ȍȡȍ ȉȍȏ șȓȖȊ — ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȕȕȖȔț Ȋ ȧȊȤ —
ǩȓțȎȌȈȦȡȐȔ ȖȋȕȍȔ Ȑȏ ȒȕȐȎȕȖȋȖ ȉȖȓȖȚȈ
ȇ ȊȣȔȍȓȤȒȕț Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ

117
ǩȍȏȔȖȓȊȕȣȑ ǴȈȘȚ ȊȌȘțȋ șȔțȚȕȣȔ ȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȒȕȐȋȐ
șȖȌȘȖȋȕȍȚșȧ
Ǩ Ȋȣ, — ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣ —
ǪȈȔ ȒȕȐȋț ȘȍȏȈȚȤ ȕȍȏȈȟȍȔ
ǪȖȐșȚȐȕț șȖȓȋț
—ǭșȚȤȧȌ—ȊșȓȖȊȈȝȐȕȣȝ—
ǶȗȈșȕȣȑ ȕȍȌȖșȚȖȑȕȣȔ
ǬȍȘȏȈȑ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȑ —
ǯȈȝȓȖȗȕȐ ȒȕȐȋț ǴȈȘȚȈ Ȑ ȖȚȒȐȕȤ
ǰ șȈȔ ȖȚȒȐȕȤșȧ ȗȘȖȟȤ —
ǲ ȌȖșȚțȗȕȖȔț — Ȓ șȍȉȍ
II ǺȖȓȤȒȖ — Ǻȍȉȍ
— ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȌȕȐ
ǰ ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ șȖ ȏȓȖșȚȐ ȕȍ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓ
ǰ ȍșȓȐ ȊȏȖȘ Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ — ȡțȗȈȚȤ —
ǷțșȚȤ
ǷțșȚȤ ȗțȏȣȘȐ țȚȖȗȓȍȕȕȐȒ
ǹȖ ȌȕȈ ȗȘȖȉțȓȤȒȈȍȚ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ —
Ǩ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȖȕȐ ȖȚ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȤȧ ȓȖȗȕțȚ
— ǰȔ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȤȍ ȕȍȌȖșȚȖȑȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȖ șȐȓȈȔ
— ǺȍȗȍȘȤ — ȖȌȕȐ —
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ Ȋșȍ
III. Ǫșȍ
— ǯȈȚȒȕȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ
— ǯȈȎȔțȘȤ ȔȖȏȋȐ! —
—ǵȐȏȋȐ
ǿȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ ȉțȌȤ ȗȘȖȔȍȎțȚȖȟȕȣȔ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖ —
ǿȍȘȕȐȓȈ ȓȤȦȚșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ
ǰ ȘȈșȚȖȟȈȍȚșȧ ȚȖșȒȈ ȔȈȕȍȘȕȈȧ ȚȘȈȋȐȟȕȖ
ȇ ȚȈȒ ȖȌȐȕ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ Ȑ ȈȕȚȘȈȒȚȈ
ǷȖȎȈȓȍȑ Ǵȕȍ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ ǹȓȍȏȈ

118
ǻȦȚȕȖ ȊȈȔ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣȔ Ȋ șȒȖȉȒȐ șțȍȚȣ
Ǩ ȘȈȏȊȍ șȒȖȉȒȐ ȍșȚȤ ǺȊȖȘȞț ȚȈȓȈȕȚț-Ȕȕȍ"
— ȇ țȧȏȊȓȍȕ ȚȊȖȘȐȚȤ
ǪșȚȘȍȊȖȎȍȕ ȔȖȏȋ ȔȖȑ ȎțȚȒȖ —
ǶȜȖȘȔȐȚȤ ȊȈȔ Ȋ șȓȖȊȈȝ ȌȖșȚțȗȕȣȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȐ
ȇ ȊȈȠ șȓțȋȈ ȗȖȘȚȕȖȑ —
ǶȌȍȎȌȣ ȠȤȦ ȧ ȕȐȚȤȦ ȕȍȘȊȖȊ
ǪȈȠȐȔ ȋȖȓȣȔ ȕȍȌȖȋȈȌȒȈȔȐ —
ǻȡȍȘȉȕȣȑ ȧ ǽȖȌȈȚȈȑ ȘȖȌȈ ȧ
ǵȖ Țȣ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ — țȓȣȉȕȐșȤ
ǴȖȐ țȗȘȍȒȐ ©ǪȈȔª ȕȖ ȕȍ Țȍȉȍ
ǨȉșȚȘȈȒȚȕȖ ȧ ǯȈȉȣȓșȧ Ȋ șțȍȚȍ...
Ǩȝ ǹȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȔȕȖȋȖ șȓȖȊ ȚȖȓȗȧȚșȧ Ȑ ȏȊȍȕȧȚ
Ǩ ȧ ȖȌȐȕ ǹȖȊșȍȔ ȖȌȐȕ
ǷȍȘȖ ȕȍ șȖȝȕȍȚ ț ȟȍȘȕȐȓ.
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ǷȖȊȍȘȤ ǿȍȘȕȐȓȤȕȐȞȍ —
ǲȈȒ ȧ ȍȑ ȓȋȈȚȤ ȔȖȋț —
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȊȈȚ-ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȔ
ǵȈȏȕȈȟȍȕ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȡȍȌȘȖ Ȑ șȊȍȚȓȖ
— ǯȈȔȍȚȤ
ǫȓȈȊȈ ȏȖȊȍȚșȧ — ©Ǫșȍª .
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119
ǼȀǸǾȉȀǮȍ ȂǼǾȀǼȅǸǮ
ȅȚȖȚ ȞȐȒȓ ȗȖșȊ ǲȤȧȕț —
ȐȕșȚȘțȒȚȖȘț ȔȖȍȑ ȋȍ-
ȕȐȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ
26 ȇȊȊȈȘȤ șȚșȚ  ȋȖȌ
ǽ-Ȁ-Ǫ ǲȖȔȕ ǲȤȧȕȈ
ǹȖȓȤȊȍȑȋ ǹȖș.
, ǲȤȧȕ ǼȖȘȔțȓȣ-ǻȓȣȉȒȐ
ǲȤȧȕ — ǻ ȗȐȘȈȔȐȌȣ Ȋ șțȔȍȘȒȈȝ ȠțȔȧȡȐȑ șȈȔȖȊȈȘ
ǲȤȧȕ —  Ȑ ȉȍȏțȔȤȍ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ
ǲȤȧȕ — ǷȖȌȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȚȐȋȘ ȗȖȌȎȐȌȈȦȡȐȑ ȌȖȉȣȟț
ț ȔȘȈȔȖȘȕȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȣ ȒȈȜȍ
ǲȤȧȕ — ǭȊȈȕȋȍȓȐȍ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚȍ Ȑȏ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȤȍȑ ȒȖȎȐ —
ǲȖȎȐ ȗȘȐȊȈȚ-ȌȖȞȍȕȚȈ ǹ-Ƿ-ǩ ǻ-ȚȈ —
ȇȕȊȈȘȤ  ȋȖȌ
ǽ-Ȁ-Ǫ ǲȖȔȕ ǲȤȧȕȈ
ǹȖȓȤȊȍȑȋ ǹȖș
,, ǲȤȧȕ ȔȖȓȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ. ǷȓȈȟȍȚ ǹȓȍȏȈȔȐ
ȔȖȍȚ ȉȍȏ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȗȍȊȈȍȚ
— ǪȖȚ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖȔ..
ǿȐȡȍ ǽȘȐșȚȈ ȔȖȍ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ!
ȇȘȟȍ ȟȍȔ ǹȖȓȕȞȍ
ȇșȕȍȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ǹȊȍȚȓȍȑ ȊȣșȖȚȣ
— ǯȍȘȒȈȓȖ ȊȍȘȕȖȍ
ǶȉȘȈȏ ȕȍȚȓȍȕȕȣȑ
Ǻȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȖȎȤ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȍȠȤ ȉȍȏȌțȠȕȖ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕȖ! —
Ǫșȍ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ Ȋ ȟȈȌț șțȍȚȕȖȔ Ȋ ȌțȝȖȚȍ

120
18 ȇȕȊȈȘȤ șȚșȚ  ȋȖȌ
ǽ-Ȁ-Ǫ ǬȖȔ ȕȈ ǨȉȘȍȒ
ǹȖȓȤȊȍȑȋ ǹȖș
III
ǴȈșȚȐȚȣȑ ȗȓțȚ —
ǲȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗțȌȘȐȚșȧ țȒȘȈȌȒȖȑ
ǰȏ-ȗȖȌ țȋȓȈ
ǲȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȒȘȍșȚȐȚșȧ ș ȖȋȓȧȌȒȖȑ
ǷȘȐȟȍȔ ȊȏȈȔȍȕ ȔȖȓȐȚȊ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȍȕȕȖ ȒȘȍșȚȧșȤ
ǲȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȠȍȗȟȍȚ șȚȘȖȒȐ Ȑȏ șȖȕȍȚȈ
ǸȈșșȍȧȕȕȣȑ — ȔȈȕȍȘȕȖ Ȗȕ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ
ǹȖ ȓȉȈ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȤ ȗȍȘșȚȣ șȊȍȌȍȚ Ȑ ȚȈȔ ȏȈșȚȘȧȕȍȚ
— Ǩȝ ȋȈȓșȚțȝ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȈȓșȧ
Ǩ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȟȈș Ȋ ȒȈȜȍ ȗȘȐȗȖȔȕȐȚ — ȖșȍȕȐȚȤ
ǰ ȌȈȎȍ — ȖșȍȕȐȚ ȗȖȗțȚȕȖ ȗȣȓȤ șȚȘȧȝȕȍȚ
— ǺȈȒȖȑ ȒȖȡțȕ — ǵȍȌȈȘȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ǲȤȧȕ
ǶȗȘȧȚȕȖ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȓ Ȗȕ ȓȖȋȐȒț ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ
ǰ ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȖ ȗȖȏȈȉȣȓ
ǯȈȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȔȕȐȚ Ȗȕ ȖȉȓȖȎȒț ȏȈȋȖȓȖȊȒȐ
Ǩ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ șȈȔ ȚȈȒțȦ ȉ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ
Ƕȕ Ȋ ȓȖȋȐȒț ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕ
ǯȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȚȈȒ ȌȈȓȍȒȈ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ
ǯȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȈ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȍȕȕȖ ȔȍȘȚȊȈ
ǰ ȊșȍȔ șțȍȚ ȍȍ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖ Ȑ ȕȈȌȔȍȕȕȖ
ǪȖȘȖȚȕȐȟȖȒ ȔȈȕȎȍȚȣ — Ȋșȍ ȒȘȈȝȔȈȓȤȕȖȍ
ǹȚțȌȍȕȟȍșȒȈȧ ȒțȘȚȒȈ ȗȘȖȉȖȘ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȣȑ ȊȖȓȖș —
ǵȍȐșȟȐșȓȐȔȖȍ ȍȋȖ —
Ƕȕ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȍȕ
Ǫ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȟȐȒȍ ȎȐȓȍȚȈ
Ƕȕ ȕȖșȐȚ ȋȘȈȔȔ ȉȍȏțȔȤȧ Ȋ ȗȖȘȖȠȒȍ —
— ǩȓȍșȚȧȡȐȑ ȒȖȒȈȐȕ
IV
ǹȚțȌȍȕȚ ȉȍcșȖȊȍșȚȕȣȑ —
Ƕ ȕȍȖȎȌȈȕȕȣȑ ǲȤȧȕ!

121
V
Ǵȣ ȏȈȉȣȓȐ
ǯȕȈȓȐ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ
VI
ǹȚțȌȍȕȚȖȔ ȉȣȚȤ Ȍȓȧ ȜȖȘȔȣ —
ǪșȍȔț ȍșȚȤ ȕȖȘȔȣ ȕȖ ȗțȌȘȈ"
ǬȘțȋȖȑ ȗțȠȐșȚȣȑ ȗȖȘȖȠȖȒ"
ǵȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ — ȗȍȘȍȠȍȓ
 ȧȕȊȈȘȤ șȚșȚ  ȋ
ǽ-Ȁ-Ǫ ǲȖȔȕ ǲȤȧȕȈ
ǹȖȓȤȊȍȑȋ ǹȖș
VII. ǲȖȔȕȈȚȈ ǲȤȧȕȈ
ǭșȓȐ ȊȖ șȕȍ
ǲ ȍȋȖ țȋȘȦȔȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ
ǬȊȍȘȍȑ ȕȍ ȊșȍȔ ȕȈȑȚȐ
ǪȖ șȕȍ Ȗȕ — șȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔȐ
Ǫ țȋȓț — ȐȒȖȕȈ-ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ
...Ƕȕ șȊȍȚȓȣȑ ȟȍȚȒȐȑ —
ȇ ȟțȎȌ ȕȍȏȊȈȕȖ ȘȖȉȖȒ ȚȈȔ
Ƕȕ șȚȘȖȋȖ-ȊȍȓȐȟȈȊȣȑ —
Ǵȕȍ șȒȖȓȤȏȒȖ-ȝȘțȗȒȖ ȊȖșȝȖȌȐȚȤ

122
VIII
ǶșȊȍȡȈȚȤ ȕȍțȔȍșȚȕȖ ǻȋȓȣ Ȑȏ ǻȋȓȖȊ..
IX. ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȉȍȏ ȊțȈȓȍȚȒȐ
ǵȈ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ ȒȖȓȖȌț ȒȈȘȚ ȐȋȘȈȓȤȕȣȝ
ȗȍȘȍȚȈșȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȉȍșȗȈȓȣȔ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ
Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ —
Ǫȣ Ȑȝ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ ȗȖȘȖȋ ȌțȠȖȑ șȚȍȕȐȊ
ǰ șȓȍȌ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓȐ
ǰ ȝȓȖȗȕțȊ ȌȊȍȘȤȦ ȚȍȕȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȡȍȔȐȓȐ
Ǩ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȘȈșȚȘȧșȓȐ ȗȘȐșȚțȒȕțȊ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ
ǰ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǴȈȘȚȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȘȋȕțȓȖ
Ǩ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȖ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȊ ȖȉȐȌȖȑ ȗȖȌȖșȗȍȓȖȑ
Ǫȣ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǴȈȘȚȈ ȗȘȖȋțȓȧȓȐșȤ ȊȣșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧ Ȋ ȕȍȔ —
ȔȖȕȖȒȓȤ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȈȔȐ ȌȍȘȎȈ —
ǵȍșȚȘȖȕțȚțȦ ȉȖȓȤ,
ǰ Ȋȣ ȐȏȧȡȕȖ ȚȈȔ ȘȈșȗȈȝȐȊȈȓȐ ȉȖȓȤ
ǷȖșȓțȠȕȖȑ ȚȘȖșȚȤȦ ȊȈȔ).
 ȇȕȊȈȘȤ ȕșȚ  ȋȖȌ
ǽ-Ȁ-Ǫ ǲȖȔȕ ǲȤȧȕȈ
ǹȖȓȤȊȍȑȋ ǹȖș
X
— ǻȘȖȌȣ
ǰ ȧ șȘȍȌȤ ȚȈȒȐȝ
Ǵȣ ȋȖȘȉȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȍȘȓȐșȤ
Ǵȣ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ ȐșșȧȒȓȐ
ǵȈȠ ȔȖȏȋ ȐșȟȍȘȊȓȍȕ
Ǵȣ ȊȏȧȓȐ șȖȓȖȔȐȕȒț — ȋȘȈȕȐ ȏȈȡȐȚț
ǹȝȊȈȚȐȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖȉ ș ȉȍȏȌȕȣ ȠȊȣȘȧȚȤ ȗțȏȣȘȐ
ǵȈ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȣ — ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȓȦȌȍȑ șțȍȚȕȣȝ

123
XI. ǪȔȍșȚȖ ȏȊȍȏȌ
Ǫ șțȔȍȘȒȈȝ ȟțȌȖ — Ǫ șțȔȍȘȒȈȝ șȔțȚȕȣȝ
ǬȈ ȘȌȧȕȖȍ ȟțȌȖ ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȍ-ȟțȌȖ
ǯȈȠȓȖ ȏȈ ȋȖȘȈȔȐ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ —
ǻȠȓȖ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ —
ǯȈȘȧ ȏȈȊȍȘȠȐȓȈșȤ
ǰ șțȔȍȘȒȐ ȘȖȉȒȖ ȊȖȠȓȐ..
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȏȊȍȏȌ
ǰȏ ȕȍȉȍș ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȏȊȍȏȌ
ǯȈȠȈȋȈȓȐ Ȓ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȔȐȓȓȤȖȕȈȔȐ ǲȤȧȕȣ —
ǰ ȏȧȉȒȐ Ȑ ȌȘȍȔȕȣ
ǬȈ, ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȏȊȍȏȌ ȗȖ ȗȈȘȒȍȚȈȔ ȕȍȉȍș —
ǬȍȓȖȊȐȚȣȍ ǲȤȧȕȣ —
ǰ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ șȖȏȊȍȏȌȤȧ Ȑ Ȕȓȍȟȕȣȑ ȒȈșȒȈȌ
ǰ ǲȤȧȕȣ ȉȘȖȌȐȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȘȖȑ ȔțȘȈȊȤȍȊ șțȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȕȈȌȔȍȕȕȣȝ
ǰ ǲȤȧȕȖȊ — Ȑȝ ȉȍȏȌȕȈ —
ǴȐȘȤȧȌȣ ǹțȚțȓȣȝ ǲȈșȒȈȌ ǻȧȏȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ
ǷȘȖșȚȖȘ ȖȒȘȣȓȧȓ ȏȈȏȣȊȈȓ — ȗȖȒȖȘȧȚȢ
ǰ țȓȣȉȒȈȔȐ ȡȍȌȘȣȔȐ ǲȤȧȕȣ
ǰ șȗȖȘȐȓȐ ȉȘȍȌȐȓȐ ȓȋȈȓȐ.
ǰ ǲȤȧȕȣ ȕȈ ȞȣȗȖȟȒȈȝ ȔȟȈȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȖȚ ȕȍȉȍș...
ǵȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȚȈȔ ȌȊȖȘȞȣ — ȚȈȔ ȟȍȘȚȖȋȐ — Ȑȝ ȝȘȈȔȣ
ǨȗȚȍȒȐ — ȞȊȍȚțȚ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ
ǸȈșȞȊȍȚȈȦȚ ȈȗȚȍȒȐ Ȋ ȋȕȐȓȣȝ ȋȖȘȖȌȈȝ ț ȓȦȌȍȑ șțȍȚȕȣȝ
ǽȘȈȔ ȈȗȚȍȒȈ — ȖȈȏȐș ȕȈ ȌȘȧȝȓȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ
ǰ Ȋ ȝȊȖșȚȣ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȗȘȐȓȍȚȍȓȣȍ
ǹȚȘȖȑȕȖ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ șȉȐȘȈȦȚșȧ — ȎȌȈȚȤ
ǰȝ ȒțȗȞȣ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȟȐȒȐ —
ǫȍȕȤȐ ȚȈȓȈȕȚȣ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȣ — ȚȊȖȘȞȣ —
ǪȣȌȈȦȚ ȗȖȒțȗȈȚȍȓȧȔ ȋȘȈȔȔȣ ȔȍȟȚȣ
ǷȖȓțȋȘȈȔȔȣ ȥȒșȚȈȏȈ Ȋ ȚȈȉȓȍȚȒȈȝ
ǩȍȏțȔȤȧ ȗȖ ȒȈȗȓȧȔ
ǯȈȉȊȍȕȤȧ ȗȖ ȓȖȎȍȟȒȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȍȌȣ
ǷȖ ȘȍȞȍȗȚȈȔ ȐȕȣȔ
ǶȚȗțșȒȈȍȚ ȗȘȖȊȐȏȖȘ — ȔȈȥșȚȘȖ ȔțȌȘȍȑȠȐȑ
ǶȚȓȐȟȕțȦ ȔȈȏȤ — ȊȣȊȖȌȐȚȤ ȒȘȈșȕȖȚț
ǰȏ șȍȘȌȍȞ ȒȘȈșȕȖȡȍȒȐȝ
ǰ ȊșȧȒȐȍ ȗȧȚȕȈ ȊȍșȕțȠȒȐ ȞȊȍȚȕȣȝ ȊȣȟțȊșȚȊȓȍȕȐȑ —

124
ǲȈȒ șȖȊȍșȚȤ, ȖȉȐȌȈ ȚȖșȒȈ ȖȋȖȘȟȍȕȤȍ
ǰ ȗȘȖȟȈȧ Ȋșȧ ȠȍȓțȝȈ
ǰ ȔȈȥșȚȘȖ ȐȏȉȘȈȕȕȣȔ ȌȈȍȚ ȗȖ ȘȍȞȍȗȚț
ǫȓȖȚȖȒ șțȍȚȣ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȤȍȑ —
ǯȍȔȕȖȑ. ȌȖ ȔȖȋȐȓȣ — ȏȍȔȕȖȑ
ǰ ȋȓȖȚȖȒ ȏȈȗȐȊȈȦȚ Țȍ ǲȤȧȕȣ
ǳȐȠȤ șȊȍȎȐȔ ȔȖȏȋȖȔ
ǰȏ șȚȈȒȈȕȈ șȖșȍȌȈ
ǮȐȊțȚ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȋșȍ
Ǩ ȘȍȞȍȗȚ ȕȈ țȠȒȖ — ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ț ȚȈȒȐȝ
ǰ ȜȈȓȤȠȐȊȣȑ ȗȖȌȌȍȓȤȕȣȑ
— ǽǭ ǽǭ Ȑ ȎȐȊțȚ
— ȅȑ ǨȓȓȖ
ǵȈȟȐȕȈȍȚșȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ — ǵȍ ȔȍȠȈȚȤ
ǪȖȘȖȚȕȐȒ ȹ  — ȊȈȠȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ —
ǭȋȖ Ƞȍȧ —
ǵȈ Ȟȍȓȣȝ  ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȕȍȑ
 ǼȍȊȘȈȓȤ șȚșȚ  ȋȖȌ
ǽ-Ȁ-Ǫ ǻ ǹȍȘȈȜȐȔȣ ǿȍȘ ǽȘ
ǫȖȘȣ ǩȍȓȈȧ ǯȍȔȓȧ
XII. ǲȤȧȕ ȕȈ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒȍ
ǲȤȧȕ
— ǪȍȏȐ șȒȖȘȍȑ — ȕȈ ȟȈȑ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȓȦ
ȇ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȦșȤ
ȇ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȗȖȏȌȈȓ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ șȗȍȠț.
ǰȏȊȖȏȟȐȒ: Ǫȣ ȉȈȘȐȕ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȓȐ.
ǻ ȊȈș ȋȓȈȏȈ ȋȖȘȧȚ ȒȈȒ ț ȉȖȓȤȕȣȝ
Ǫȣ ȉȈȘȐȕ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȗȘȖșȚțȌȐȓȐșȤ"
ǲȤȧȕ
ǪȟȍȘȈ ș ȌȖșȈȌȣ ȏȈȉȖȓȍȓ
ǲȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȐȌȐȖȚ șȒȈȏȈȓ

125
«ǻ ȊȈș ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȑ ȊȐȌ
Ǩ Ȋȣ șȟȐȚȈȍȚȍșȤ ȉȖȓȤȕȣȔ»
ǰȏȊȖȏȟȐȒ: ǹȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧȚ ȗȖ ȈșȜȈȓȤȚț
ǰ ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȌȧȚ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȕȣȝ
Ǩ Ȋȣ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȓȐȟȕȣȑ Ȑ ȊȏȌțȔȈȓȐ ȝȊȖȘȈȚȤ
ǲȤȧȕ
ǰȏȊȖȏȟȐȒ Țȣ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ, ȕȍ ȗȖȑȔȍȠȤ
ȇ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȠțȚȧ — ȧ ȌȖȉȘȖșȖȊȍșȚȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ
ǵȖ ǩȖȎȍ ǬȖȒȚȖȘȈ ǲ ȟȍȔț ȖȕȐ"
ǩȖȓȤȕȣȔ — ȒȈȒ ȧ, — ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȣ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ —
ǰȔ ȕțȎȍȕ ȊȍȘȕȣȑ ȗȈȞȐȍȕȚ ȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȣȑ ȌțȘȈȒ.
ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑ Țȣ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒ ȧ ț Țȍȉȧ ȕȈ ȥȒȐȗȈȎȍ Ȑ
ȏȕȈȟȐȚ — ȋȖșȚȤ
ǬȖșȓțȠȈȑ — ȉȣȓ șȒȊȖȏȕȧȒ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȈ ȜȖȘȚȖȟȒȈ
Ǩ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ — șȍȘȌȞȍ ȗȘȐȖȚȒȘȣȚȖ
ǰ ȧ ȗȘȖșȚȣȓ ȘȈșȗțȝȓȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȐȚ
ǵȖ ȧ ȕȍ șȓȍȋ Ȉ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȦ
ǰ ȌȈȎȍ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȦșȤ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȖȗȖȏȌȈȚȤ
ǰȏȊȖȏȟȐȒ Ǫȣ șȗȘȖȉțȑȚȍ șȓȍȋȒȈ șȔȖȟȐȚȤ ȋțșȐȕȣȔ șȈȓȖȔ
Ǩ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȟȈȑ ȒȐȘȗȐȟȕȣȑ ș șȗȐȘȚȖȔ.
ǲȤȧȕ
ǩȖȎȍ ǩȖȎȍ ǷȍȘȍșȚȈȕȤ —
ǹȖȊȍȚȣ ȕȈȌȖȍȓȐ Ȑ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȐ Ȓ ȟȍȔț
ȇ șȍȘȌȞȍ șȘȍȎț ȗȘȖȟȤ ǩȍȏ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȖȊ Ȑ ȊȈș
ǰȏȊȖȏȟȐȒ: ǩȈȘȐȕ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ" ǸȈȏȊȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ"
ǪȍȌȤ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȒȈȎȌȖȔț ȕțȎȕȖ
ǩȍȏ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȕȍȗȘȐȓȐȟȕȖ! — Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ
ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȐȍ țȔȘȍȚ
Ǩ ȕȍȠȚȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȐȍ ȏȈȔȍȕȐȠȤ" ǯȈ ȚȣȠȐȟț ȕȍ ȒțȗȐȠȤ
ǲȤȧȕ
ǰȏȊȖȏȟȐȒ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ ȌȈ — ȉȍȏ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȕȈ ȒȖȏȓȈȝ
ǵȖ Ȕȕȍ — Ȑ ș șȍȘȌȞȍȔ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȧ ȏȈȉȣȓ
ȇ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȏȋ șȊȖȑ ȖȉȖȎȈȦ șȟȐȚȈȦșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ș ȕȐȔ
ǵȖ ȔȖȏȋ ȉȍȏ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȖȉȖȑȌȍȚșȧ
ǰȏȊȖȏȟȐȒ ȕțȎȕȖ ȚȈȒ
ǰȏȊȖȏȟȐȒ Ǩ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ ȉȈȘȐȕ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȏȘȧ"
ǺȈȒ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ș ȍȔ ȚȧȎȍȓȟȍ ȎȐȚȤ"
ǮȍȕȈ ȔȖȧ ȕȍ ȌȈȓȈ ȉ șȘȍȏȈȚȤ ȕȐ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ
ǲȤȧȕ
Ǩ Țȣ ȉȣ ȍȑ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșȒȘȈșȐȓ Ȑ ȖȚȌȈȓ ǲȈȘȚȐȕȖȟȒț ȊȒȓȍȐȓ
ǰȏȊȖȏȟȐȒ șȚȖȑ Ǵȣ ȍȌȍȔ ȋȌȍ" ǯȈȊȍȏ șȓȍȗȖȑ

126
ǰȏȊȖȏȟȐȒ ȇ, ȉȈȘȐȕ ȏȈȉȖȓȚȈȓșȧ Ǩ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȗțșȚȤ ȏȈȊȍȏ!
ȇ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒ: — ȇ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘ ȒȈȒ Țȣ
ȇ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘ — ȕȖ Ȑ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒ ȚȊȖȑ.
ǲȤȧȕ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ Ǫșȍ ȇ ȖȗȖȏȌȈȓ ȕȍ șȈȔ
ǰȏȊȖȏȟȐȒ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȡȐȒ
Ƕȕ țȊȍȏȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȗȘȖȟȤ ȇ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȌȖȍȌț
ǵȖ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ ȒȈȒ Ȋșȍ —
ǪșȍȋȌȈ ȗȖșȓțȠȕȣ ȝȔțȘȣ șȓȍȗȖȊȈȚȣ
ǰȏȊȖȏȟȐȒ ȓȖȊȒȐȑ ȗȓțȚ
ǵȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ
ǿȚȖ șȍȌȖȒȖȔ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȗȈșȕȖ
ǴȈȑ  ȋȖȌ
ǹ-Ƿ-ǩ ǲȘȍșȚ ǶșȚȘ
ǹȖȓȤȊȍȑȋ ǹȖș
ǷȖșȍȚȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ — ǯȈȗȍȒȓȐșȧ ȋțȉȣ
Ǻȣ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕ ȇ — ȖȚȘȈȊȈȔ ȧȌ
ǷȖșȍȚȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ
ǮțȚȒȖ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȌȊȖȐȔ Ȑȏ ȉȍȏȌȕȣ
ǸȧȌȖȔ ȊșȚȈȚȤ — ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ — ȔȋȓȈ — ȡțȗȈȚȤ ȎȈȌȕȖ
ǨȗȘȍȓȤ  ȋȖȌ
ǹ-Ƿ-ǩ ǲȖȔȕ ǲȤȧȕȈ
ǹȖȓȤȊȍȑȋ ǹȖș
ǳȈșȒȖȊȖȔț ȔȖȍȔț ȔȈȓȤȟȐȟȒț
ȀțȘȖȟȒȍ ǳȍȊȐȚȈȕț.
ǿǼǻ
ǵȖȟȤȦ ȥȚȖȑ ȔțȝȐ ȓȐȗȓȐ Ȓ șȍȘȌȞț
Ǩȝ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦȚ ȎȈȓȐȚȤ — ȕțȌȕȣ
ǴțȝȐ ȏȈșȗȈȕȕȖ Ȑ ȊȧȓȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȖȉȓȍȗȐȓȐ
ǵȍȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣ ȒȈȟȒȖȑ șțȌȖȘȖȋ — ȘȖȗȖȚȈȓȐ
ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ șȍȘȌȞȍ — ȕȍ ȗȈȕȍȓȤ
ǲȈȒ ȌȖȒțȟȕȖ ǲȈȒ ȌȖȎȌȓȐȊȖ
— Ǩ Ȑ ȟȚȖ — ǻȑȌȐ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚțȚȒȈ-șȍȘȌȞȍ
Ǻȣ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖ Ǻȣ ȊșȍȋȌȈ — ȌȖșȚțȗȕȖ —
ǲȚȖ ȎȍȓȈȍȚ — țȧȏȊȐȚ

127
 ȔȈȑ  ȋȖȌ
ǹ-Ƿ-ǩ ǲȘȍșȚ ǶșȚȘ
ǹȖȓȤȊȍȑȋ ǹȖș
ǰ șȕȖȊȈ — Ȋ ȒȘțȋ! — ǪȖȠȍȓ ȒȈȒ ǯȌȍșȤ
ǰ ȋȘțșȚȤ — Ȋ ȚȍȕȐ Ǩ șȕȣ; ȒȈȒ ȧȊȤ
ǲȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ șȘȍȌȐ ȏȍȘȒȈȓ"
ǻȓȣȉȒȈ-ȉȖȓȤ — Ȋ șȓȖȊȈȝ ȔȖȐȝ...
 ȋ
; Ȁ Ǫ ǲȖȔȕ ǲȤȧȕȈ
ǩ ǯ
ǲȚȖ Ȋ ȡȍȓȤ ȗȘȐȡțȘȐȓ ȋȓȈȏ —
ǷȘȖȚȐșȕțȓ Ȋ ȡȍȓȤ ȗȣȚȓȐȊȣȑ ȊȏȖȘ"
ǲȚȖ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ Ȓ ȕȈȔ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ țȋȓȈ —
ǿȍȑ ȝȐȡȕȣȑ ȚȈȔ ȌȖȏȖȘ"
ǯȘȈȟȖȒ ȕȈȊȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȡȍȓȤ
ǰ ȖșȚȘȖ ȎȌȍȚ
ǯȈ ȡȍȓȤ ȊȉȐȘȈȍȚ ȚȖȚ
ǵȍȏȊȈȕȣȑ ȋȖșȚȤ ȐȏȊȕȍ
Ǩ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
ǰ ȌȈȎȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȗȘȐȖȚȒȘȣȓȐ Ȑȏ ȋȘțȌȐ.
 ȇȕȊȈȘȤ  ȋȖȌ
; Ȁ Ǫ ǲȖȔȕ ǲȤȧȕȈ
ǹȖȓȤȊȍȑȋ ǹȖș
ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘț Ǭ
ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȘȈȕȍȕȖȍ — ȘȈȕȍȕȖ
ǳȐȒ ǿȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖȋȖ — Ȋșȍȝ — ȕȈ ȥȒȘȈȕȍ
— Ǫ șȈȊȈȕȈȝ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȝ ȗȖȓȖȚȕ
ǫȖȘȌȣȑ ȊȖșșȚȈȓ Ȑȏ ȉȖȓȖȚ
Ǫșȍ Ȋȣ ȕȍȊȍȘȕȣȍ — Ȋșȍ
ȇ ȕȈ ȒȘȍșȚȍ ȕȍ ȊȐșȍȓ
ǵȍȒțȌȈ ȗȈȓȍȞ ȊȓȖȎȐȚȤ
ȇ ǿȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȣȑ ȊȖ ȓȎȐ

128
ǹȍȘȌȞȍȔ șȊȖȐȔ ȕȍ ȐșȚȍȒ —
ǶȚȌȈȕ ȊȍȘȐȋȈȔ ȍȡȍ
ǹȓȖȊ ȕȍ șȊȍȘȠȍȕ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌ
ǲȈȘȈ ȕȍ șȒȘȣȓȈ ȋȘȍȝȖȊ
 ȕșȚ ǰȦȕȤ  ȋ
ǽ-Ȁ-Ǫ ǬȖȔ ȕȈ ǨȉȘȍȒ
ǸǼȆǺǮǾȉ
Ǫ ȕȖȟȈȝ ȏȈȗțȚȈȕȕȣȝ Ȑ ȟȈȌȕȣȝ
ǪșȖȟȈșȤ Ȋ ȌȘȍȔȖȚȕțȦ ȔȍȟȚț
ǬțȘȔȈȕȈ ȚȐȕȈ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȖ —
ǴȖȝȕȈȚȖ ȚȧȕȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȉȘȍȌț
ǰ ȓȍȗȍȚ ȓȐȗȒȐȑ Ȑȏ ȉȖȓȖȚȈ
ǴȖȏȋȈ, ȋȌȍ ȐȓȐșȚȖȍ ȌȕȖ —
ǷȘȐȊȍȚȐȚ ȘȌȧȕȖȋȖ țȘȖȌȈ
ǰ ȒȓȐȟȍȚ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ
ǷȖșȓȍ ǴȈȘȚȈ  ȋȖȌ
ǹ-Ƿ-ǩ ǷȍșȒȐ
ǹȖȓȤȊȍȑȋ ǹȖș
ǰȘȈȕȞț Ȑȏ ǺȐȉȍȚȈ ȗȖșȊȧȡȈȦ.
ǷȖȒȈ ȟȘȍȏ ǺȐȝȐȑ ǶȒȍȈȕ
Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȗȖșȚȘȖȐȚȍ ȔȖșȚȖȊ —
ǷȖȒȈ ȟȐșȓȖ ȕȈȑȌȍȚșȧ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȚȤ ȐȏȔȍȘȍȕȤȧ —
ǵȈșȓȍȌȤȍ ȉȘȍȌȈ ǳȖȉȈȟȍȊșȒȐȝ —
ǷȖȒȈ ȏȍȔȓȧ țȌȍȘȎȐȚ ȋȖȘȣ ȒȕȐȋ —
Ǫ ȊȍȒȈȝ ȕȈȒȖȗȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȍȘȐȋ
ǷȖȒȈ șȓȍȗȖȑ ȒȐȠȒȖȑ ȕȍ șȚȈȕȍȚ șȍȘȌȞȍ —
ǷȖȒȈ ȐȏȊȐȓȐȕȣ ȊȈȠ ȔȖȏȋ ȕȍ ȐșȟȍȘȊȓȧȚ —
— Ǫȣ ȘȈșȗȐȕȈȚȤ ǽȘȐșȚȈ
ǶȚȉȘȖȠȍȕȣ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ
Ǫ ǸȈșȗȧȚȤȐ ǪȈȠȈ ǹțȍȚȈ
ǰ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ǰ șȔȍȘȚȤ
— ǯȍȔȓȧ-ǫȖȓȋȖȜȈ

129
 ȕșȚ ǨȊȋțșȚ  ȋȖȌ
ǵȐȒȖȓȤșȒ-ǻșșțȘȐȑșȒ
ȹ  ǫȖșȚȐȕ ©ǸȖșșȐȧª
ǩȍȓȈȧ ǯȍȔȓȧ
ǸǮǺǳǻȊ ǴǳǻȇǶǻǮ Ƕ ǽǮǲǮǹȊ ǸǼȆǸǶ
ǸǼȀǼǾǮȍ ǵǮ ȂǼǾȀǼȅǸǼǷ ǱǻǶǳȀ ǻǮ ǽǼǲǼǸǼǻǻǶǸǳ
Ǻȍȉȍ ǹȊȍȚȓȖȑ ǳȍȗȖȒ ȗȖșȊȧȡȈȦ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȦ ȐșȟȈȌȤȧ
I
ǻ ȏȈțȚȘȍȕȐ șȊȍȚȓȖ ȗȘȐȟȈșȚȕȐȞȈ șȍȘȌȞȍ șȊȖȍ
ǷȖȌ șȊȍȟț ȊȖșȒȖȊțȦ ȐȏȋȘțȌȐȓȈ ȊȌȘțȋ
ǰ ȗȘȖȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ ȊȖȏȓȍ Ȗ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȕȍȧșȕȖȑ
ǰ șȒȖȘȉȕȖ-ȕȍȎȌȈȕȕȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ.
ǵȖ Ȑȏ șȓȍȏ ȍȍ ȕȍȚ ȊȖȏȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȖȊȍȑ.
ǶȚ șȓȍȏ ȖȚȊȍȘȕțȓȖșȤ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȤȍ — ȐȕȖȋȖ ȊȏȈȔȍȕ
ǷȖ șȚȘțȕȍ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȘȖșȐȕȒȖȑ șȓȍȏȈ
ǷȖȒȈ ȊȌȘțȋ — ȗȘȖșȖȟȐȓ ȍȍ ȗȣȠȕȣȑ șȔȣȟȖȒ
Ǫ șȊȖȐ ȗȘȧȌȐ ȒȈȒ șȕȍȋ ȉȍȓȖȚȖȕȒȐȝ ȊȖȓȖș
ǷȖȒȈ ȊȌȘțȋ ȕȍ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȓ șȔȣȟȖȒ
ǷȖ ȕȈȚȧȕțȚȣȔ ȕȍȘȊȈȔ-șȚȘțȕȈȔ
ǰ ȗȘȐȟȈșȚȕȐȞȈ ȕȐȞ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȗȘȐȗȈȓȈ șȒȖȘȉȍȚȤ
ǯȈ șȗȐȕȖȑ Ȋ ȗȖȓțȔȋȓȍ ȗȖ șȚȘțȕȈȔ ȗȘȖșȚȐȘȈȓȈșȤ ȚȖșȒȈ
ǰ șȖ ȏȊțȒȈȔȐ ȗȓȣȓȈ Ȑ ȚȈȧȓȈ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȑ Ȋ șțȔȍȘȒȈȝ Ȓ ȔȋȓȈȔ
ǷȘȖșȚȐȘȈȓȈșȤ ȚȖșȒȈ Ȑ ȚȧȕțȓȈ șȖ șȚȘțȕ ȕȍșȒȖȕȟȈȕȕțȦ ȕȐȚȤ,
Ǫ ȝȖȘȖȊȖȌȣ șȖȏȊȍȏȌȐȑ ȕȍȉȍș
Ǩȝ Ȑ ȧ ȏȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȖȔ ǰ ȧ ȥȚȐȝ ȏȊțȒȖȊ țȟȈșȚȕȐȒ
ǹȓȍȌ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȖȊȍȓȈ ȕȍșȒȖȕȟȈȕȕȈȧ ȕȐȚȤ ȗȘȖȚȍȒȈȧ Ȓ ȌȈȓȧȔ
Ǫ ȔȖȍȔ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȖȏȍȘȍ ȕȖȟȤȦ
ǷȘȖȉȍȋȈȦȚ ȖȋȕȐ ȖȚȗȘȖȒȐȕțȚȣȝ ȏȊȍȏȌ
ǷȖ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȐșȚȖȑ ȋȓȈȌȐ ȕȈ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȔȖȍȔ
ǸȈȏȌȘȖȉȐȓȐșȤ șȖȏȊȍȏȌȤȧ Ȑ ȉȓȍșȚȒȐ ȒȖȒȍȚȓȐȊȣȝ ȏȊȍȏȌ
ȇ ȐȌț ȗȖ ȋȘȖȉȕȐȞȈȔ — ȟȘȍȏ ȔȖșȚ ȔȖȐȝ șȓȖȊ —
ǪȈȔ țȌȈȘȐȚșȧ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǹȚțȟȈȚȤ ǰ șȚțȟȈȚȤ!.. ǬȖșȚțȟȈȚȤșȧ
ȒȈȒ ǹȔȍȘȚȤ..

130
II
— ǯȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ
ǷȘȐȟȈșȚȕȐȞȈ ȝȐȝȐȒȕțȓȈ
ǰ șȓȍȏȣ ȕȈ ȗȈȘȒȍȚ
ǹȚȘȧȝȕțȓȈ ȖȚ ȘȍșȕȐȞ
ǹȔȣȟȖȒ-ȗȈțȒ Ȑȏ ȏȊțȒȖȊ ȏȈțȏȖȘȐȓ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȣȍ șȍȘȌȞȈ
ǰ ȓȐȗȕțȚ ȗȈțȚȐȕȣ ȗȖ ȌȘȖȋȕțȊȠȐȔ șȍȘȌȞȈȔ
ǰ șȒȈȟȍȚ șȒȈȟȍȚ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȗȖȌ ȘțȉȈȠȒȖȑ
ǪȖȒȘțȋ șȚȖȓȉȧȚșȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ȘȖȍȔ șțȍȚȓȐȊȣȔ
ǰ ȎȈȓȧȚ ȉȣșȚȘȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǵȈ ȘȍȉȘȈ ȕȈȓȍȚȈȦȚ
ǰ ȏȊȖȕȒȐȝ ȉȘȣȏȋ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȕȕȣȍ ȉȖȓȐ
ǯȈ ȥȝȖȔ ȋȖȕȧȚșȧ — Ȓ ȔȖȏȋț
Ǩȝ ȔȣșȓȤ-ȕȍȕȈșȚȕȐȞȈ țȋȘȦȔȐȚșȧ Ȋ Țȍȕȧȝ —
ǶȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȔțȝȈ Ȋ ȗȈțȚȐȕȍ șȖȕȓȐȊȖ țȚȖȔȐȓȈșȤ —
Ǫ ȏȐȋȏȈȋȈȝ ȗȈțȚȐȕȣ ȒȈȒ ȊȒȖȗȈȕȕȈȧ ȉȖȓȤ șȚȖȐȚ Ȑ ȊȣȎȐȌȈȍȚ.
Ǩȝ
ǪȒȘțȋ ȏȕȖȑ Ȋ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȈȝ ȘȣȡȍȚ Ȑ șȎȐȋȈȍȚ.
ǴȖȑ ȔȖȏȋ Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ — Ȗȕ ȊȍșȤ ȊȖ Ȕȝț ȒȈȒ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȐȏȕțȘȍȕȕȣȑ
Ǩ ȚȈȔ ȊȕȐȏț — ȗȖȌ ȕȐȔ Ȓ ȗȍșȒȈȔ ȓȈșȒȈȍȚșȧ ȊȖȓȕȈ
ǺȐȚȈȕȈ-ȖȒȍȈȕȈ — ȚȐȚȈȕȈ șțȍȚȣ
ǹȚȘțȕȈ ȊȚȧȕțȓȈșȤ ȊȌȍȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȡȍȓȤ Ȑȋȓȣ
ǴȖȍȑ ȏȔȍȧȡȍȑșȧ ȚȖșȒȐ!
ǰ Ȋ ȔȖȏȋ Ȑȋȓț ȊȖȕȏȐȓȐ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȕȣȍ ȉȘȍȌȣ
ǰ Ȋ ȕȍȔ țȏȖȘȧȚ ȗȖ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȔ
ǯȈȔȍȚȤȚȍ
ǲȈȒ ȝȐȝȐȒȕțȓȈ ȖȕȈ
ǰ Ȋșȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȊșȚȈȚȤ ș ȒȖȓȍȕ
ǰ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȚȤ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǫȓȈȏȈ, ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȚȐȕȍ ȓȐȗȒȖȑ ȚțȔȈȕȧȚșȧ Ȋ ȚȖșȒȍ...
Ǩ ȧ — șȔȣȟȒȈ țȟȈșȚȕȐȒ — ȏȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȖȔ
ǷȘȐȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȠȒȐȕț ȒȖȕȟȐȕț —
ǵȈ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȗȖȔȐȕȒȐ..

131
ȇ ȗȈȌȈȓȤ ȒȖȠȒȐȕț ȗȘȐȕȍș —
ǶȕȈ ȎȐȊȖȑ ȍȡȍ
ǺȈȒ șȒȖȘȉȕȖ Ȕȕȍ
ǴȧțȒȈȓȈ ȗȘȖ ȚȤȔț
ǰ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȓȈ ȊȣȒȖȓȖȚȤ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ șȊȍȚț Ȑ șȊȖȐ
— Ƕ ȒȖȠȒȈ Țȣ țșȖȗȠȈȧ —Ǩ ȧ"!!

Maȑ "  ȋȖȌ.
ǹǷǩ
ǹȖȓȤȊȍȑȋ ǹȖș
ȅȀǼ ǺǼǴǻǼ" ǸǼǱǲǮ" ǸǼǺȁ" ǸǮǸ"
ǴȖȎȕȖ ȍșȓȐ ȔȖȎȍȠȤ — ǽȈ ǽȈ — ǪșȍȔ ǷȘȖșȚȖ
ǴȖȎȕȖ ȍșȓȐ șȔȍȍȠȤ — ǷȖȟȚȐ ȟȚȖ ©ǲȖȚȖȘȣȔª ǷȘȖȝȓȈȌȕȖ
ǴȖȎȕȖ ȍșȓȐ ȗȘȍȏȐȘȈȍȠȤ ǺȈȒ șȍȉȍ ǵȍ ȊșȧȒȖȔț ǹȓȧȒȖȚȤ
ǴȖȎȕȖ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖȍ ǽȍ ǽȍ
ǰ ǭȡȍ
— ǭșȓȐ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȍȉȧ — Ǵȕȍ
— ǭșȓȐ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȖ Ȓ șȍȉȍ — ǭȝȐȌȕȣȔ ǺțșȒȓȖ
— ǭșȓȐ ȉȍșșȖȊȍșȚȕȖ ȟȐșȚ — ǰȌȐȖȚȈȔ. — ȅȜȐȘȕȣȑ ȟȈȌ
— ǭșȓȐ ȉȍȏȌțȠȕȖ ȉȍȏȊȖȗȘȖșȍȕ — ǺȈȓȈȕȚȈȔ
____________________

 ǰșȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ Ȑȏ ȊșȍȋȖ ȖȌȕȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ — ȓȋȈȚȤ șȈȔȖȔț șȍȉȍ ǰȉȖ ȥȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȓȖȎȤ
ȓȎȐ  ȔȐȕțșȈ șȒȘȍșȚȧȚșȧ Ȋ ȋȘȐȔȈșț ȗȓȦșȈ ǹȐȍ ȗȘȐȔ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ
Ǹ S. ǰȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȍșȓȐ ȔȖȎȍȠȤ ȔȐȕțș ȕȖȓȤ Ȗ
— ȔȖȎȕȖ ȍșȓȐ ȉȍȏ ©ǭșȓȐª ǽȐ ǽȐ ǽȍȔ
ǬȎȐȋȈ

133
ǱȎȐȞȖȖș ȋșȪȢ
ȅǳǾǻȉǳ ǰǼǿȀǼǾǱǶ
I
Ǵȣ ȋȕȖȔȣ Ȕȣ ȋȕȖȔȣ —
Ǵȣ ȕȖșȐȔșȧ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ
Ǵȣ ȊȍȚȘȖȔ ȕȍșȖȔȣ ȕȍșȖȔȣ.
ǺȈȔ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȎțȘȟȈȚ țȒȖȘȐȏȕȣ.
ǲȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȓȦȉȐȓȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȔȍȟȚȈȓȐ
ǷȘȐȏȣȊȕȖșȚȤ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȈ ȊȌȈȓȐ.
ǵȈș ȌȕȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȋȖȌȣ ȗȘȖȔȟȈȓȐ
ǰ Ȋ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȑ ȓȍȋȓȐ
ǵȈ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ
ǲțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȎȍȓȈȕȤȧ ȊȓȍȒȓȐ
ǲȖȔț-ȚȖ ȗȖȘȣȊȐșȚȣȔ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ ȖȚȌȈȓȐșȤ
ǶȚ ȌȘțȋȈ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȋȖȘȌȖ țȠȓȐ
ǵȍșȍȔșȧ Ȏȍ ȋȕȖȔȣ șȒȊȖȏȤ șȚȘȖȑ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ!
ǸȍȏȊȍȍ ȘȈȏȊȍȍȔ ȕȈȠ ȗȘȈȝ
ǷȖȒȈ Ȕȣ ȗȖȒȈ ȔȈȧȒȈ ȕȍ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕȍȔ —
ǷȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȒȘȖȦȚ Ȋ ȋȘȖȉȈȝ.
ǬȍȒȈȉȘȤ  ȋȖȌȈ
II
ǵȈșȚȈȕȍȚ ȔȐȋ Ȑ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȔ ȕȈȘȒȖȏȈȔ
ǵȍ ȏȈȚȧȕțȚȤ ȕȈȔ ȉȍȏȌȕț ȗțșȚȖȚȣ
ǵȍ șȚȈȕȍȚ șȐȓ ȖȚȌȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȏȈȔ
ǵȍ Ȋ șȐȓȈȝ ȊȣȌțȔȈȚȤ ȔȍȟȚȣ
Ǵȣ ȕȍ ȕȈȑȌȍȔ ȘȖșȐȕȒȐ șȓȍȏ
ǿȚȖȉ ȗȘȖȘȣȌȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ șȍȘȣȑ ȔȐȘ.—
ǰ ȔȖȘȜȐȑ ȌȍȘȏȖșȚȕȣȑ ȕȈȘȒȖȏ
ǵȍ ȖȎȐȊȐȚ țȔȍȘȠȐȝ ȓȐȘ

134
ǲȈȒ ȉȍȏȖȚȘȈȌȕȣȑ ȗȈȓȈȌȐȕ —
ǵȍ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȐȔ șȊȖȍȑ ȔȍȟȚȣ
ǪȌȖȝȕțȊ șȐȧȓȤȕȣȑ ȒȖȒȈȐȕ,
ǵȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ȒȓȐȒȕțȊ Ȋșȍ ȈȌȣ.
ǵȈșȚȈȕȍȚ ȔȐȋ Ȑ ȞȈȘșȚȊȖ ȋȘȍȏ
ǹ ȌțȠȐ ȗȖȥȚȈ ȖȚȗȖȘȝȕȍȚ
ǰ ȖȗȐȑ ȥȒȏȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȕȈȘȒȖȏ
ǴȍȟȚȣ ȗȖȋȐȉȠȍȑ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȕȍȚ
Ƕ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȟȈș ǪȍșȤ ȔȐȘ
ǯȈȒȘȣȚ Ȋ ȉȍșȞȊȍȚȕȖȑ ȕțȌȕȖȑ ȗȣȓȐ —
ǰ ȌȈȎȍ ȞȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȥȜȐȘ
ǵȍ ȌȈșȚ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȔȖȋȐȓȍ.
 ȋȖȌ
III
ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ Țȣ ȕȍ ȒțșȖȒ ȔȧșȈ ȉȣȓȈ
ǭșȓȐ ȉ ȌțȠȈ ȚȊȖȧ șȚȘțȕȣ ȊȔȍȡȈȓȈ
Ǫ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȉȣ ȕȍȎȕȖ ȗȖȥȚȈ ȓȍȋȓȈ
ǸțȒȈ Ȑ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓȈ
ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ Țȣ ȕȍ ȒțșȖȒ ȔȧșȈ ȉȣȓȈ
ǭșȓȐ ȉ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȚȊȖȐ ȐșȒȘȈȔȐ ȋȘȍȏȣ ȏȈȎȋȓȐșȤ
ǭșȓȐ ȉ ȌțȠț șȊȖȦ Țȣ ȔȍȟȚȍ ȖȚȌȈȓȈ —
ǸțȒȐ ȚȊȖȐ ȍșȓȐ Ȋ ȚȈȑȕț ȊȗȐȓȐșȤ —
ǭșȓȐ ȉ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ Țȣ ȗȖȥȚȈ ȔȖȋȓȈ
ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ Țȣ ȕȍ ȒțșȖȒ ȔȧșȈ ȉȣȓȈ
ǭșȓȐ ȉ Ȋ țȏȖȘȈȝ ȞȊȍȚȐșȚȖȑ ȌțȠȐ
ǶȚȏȣȊȕȣȍ șȚȘțȕȣ ȕȈȠȓȈ, —
ȇ ȉȣ ȖȚ șȟȈșȚȤȧ Țȍȉȧ ȏȈȌțȠȐȓ
Ǻȣ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȉ ȕȍ țȠȓȈ
ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ Țȣ ȕȍ ȒțșȖȒ ȔȧșȈ ȉȣȓȈ
ǬȍȒȈȉȘȤ 

135
IV
ǷȖȥȚȣ Ȕȣ Ȋ ȕȍȉȖ ȉȘȖșȈȍȔ ȞȊȍȚȣ
ǰ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȋ ȓțȟȈȝ țȉȐȘȈȍȔ —
ǲȈȗȘȐȏȕȣȍ ȌȍȚȐ ȞȈȘȍȊȕȣ-ȔȍȟȚȣ
Ǵȣ Ȋ ȋȘȍȏȈȝ ȎȐȊȍȔ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȖ țȔȐȘȈȍȔ
ȆȚȐȔșȧ Ȋ ȞȊȍȚȐșȚȣȝ șȈȌȈȝ
ǺȍȔȕȍȍȔ Ȋ ȏȐȧȦȡȐȝ ȉȍȏȌȕȈȝ
ǰ ȊȈȠȐ șțȘȖȊȣ ȕȖ Ȋ ȕȍȋȍ țșȚȈ,
ǯȈȒȖȊȈȕȣ Ȋ ȔțȒȈȝ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȝ
ǫȐȘȓȧȕȌȣ ȗȖȥȚȖȊ țȒȘȈșȐȓȐ ȏȍȔȓȦ
Ǫ ȓțȟȐșȚȣȝ șȐȧȓȤȕȣȝ ȔȍȟȚȈȝ
Ǵȣ ȋȖȓȖșț ȚȈȑȕȖȋȖ șȓȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȊȕȍȔȓȍȔ
ǵȖ ȘȍȌȒȐȑ Ȑȏ ȕȈș țȔȐȘȈȍȚ Ȋ ȊȍȒȈȝ
ǶȒȚȧȉȘȤ 9 ȋȖȌ
V
ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚț ǴȈȘȚț
Mȣ ȗȖȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȏȕȈȕȤȧȝ —
ǹȌȘțȎȐȓȐșȤ ș ȉȘȈȚȖȔ șȘȍȌȐ ȖȒȍȈȕȖȊ
ǶȚȒȘȣȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȤȧȝ
ǯȈȘȣȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȖȉȔȈȕȣ
Ǵȣ ȎȐȓȐ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȉȍȏȌȕȈȝ,
ǷȘȖ ȚȤȔț Țȍȝ ȉȍȏȌȕ Ȕȣ ȗȖȏȈȉȣȓȐ
ǰ ȕȈș ȌȍȘȎȈȓȐ Ȋ Ȟȍȗȧȝ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȝ —
Ǫ Ȟȍȗȧȝ ȋȘȍȔȧȡȐȝ Ȕȣ ȖȌȕȖ ȕȍ ȎȐȓȐ
ǵȖ ȕȈȔ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ Ȋ șȗȘȧȚȈȕȕȣȝ ȐșȝȖȌȈȝ
ǪȖȘȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȚȈȑȕȣȍ ȊȓȈȌȍȕȤȧ șȐȓȤȕȣȝ
ǺȈȒ ȗȖșȓȍȌȐȔ Ȏȍ ȉȘȈȚ Ȋ ȊȖșȝȖȌȈȝ —
ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȎȐȚȤ Ȋ ȔȍȟȚȈȝ ȔȖȋȐȓȤȕȣȝ

136
VI
ɎȍȖȌȖȘț ǲȈȔȣȠȕȐȒț
Ǫ ȌțȠȍ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȖȋȕȍȕȕȖ-șȐȕȍȑ Ȑ ȈȓȖȑ
Ǫ țȏȖȘȈȝ ȞȊȍȚȐșȚȣȝ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ șȗȘȧȚȈȓȖșȤ
ȇ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȗȖȌȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȤȍ țșȚȈȓȖȍ
ǶȚȘȈȎȍȕȤȍ ȏȈȉȣȚȖȋȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȋȖ
ǲȈȒ ȧ Țȣ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȕ Ȍȓȧ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ Ȍȓȧ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ
Ƕ ȒȈȒ Țȣ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓ!
ǷȖȏȊȖȓȤ ț șȊȧȚȣȝ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȐȚȤșȧ ȗȖȘȖȋȖȊ
ǻ ȗȖȘȖȋȖȊ ȔțȟȍȕȐȑ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȚȣȝ
ǷȖȏȊȖȓȤ Ȕȕȍ Țȍȉȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȤ
Ǫ țȡȍȓȤȧȝ ȌțȠȐ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȖȋȕȍȕȕȖ-șȐȕȍȑ Ȑ ȈȓȖȑ,
ǺȈȐȚșȧ ȔȍȟȚȈ — ȕȍȕȈșȣȚȕȣ țșȚȈ ȍȍ
Ǫ ȓȍȓȍȧȕȤȧȝ Ȑ ȚȖȔȓȍȕȤȧȝ ȕȍȕȈșȣȚȕȣ țșȚȈ ȍȍ
ǰ ȌȍȘȏȈȍȚ ȔȍȟȚȈȕȐȍ Ȋ ȋȖȘȍȕȤȧȝ Ȑ ȚȈȧȕȤȧȝ
ǬȍȒȈȉȘȤ  ȋȖȌ
VII. ǩȍșșȐȓȤȍ
Ǫșȍ ȚȈȑȕȣ — șȓțȟȈȑȕȣ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖșȚȐ — ȚȈȑȕȣ
Ǫșȍ — ȚȈȑȕȖ Ȑ ȚȈȑȕȣ ȚȈȐȚ
ǩȍȏțȔȤȍ — ȘȈȏȌțȔȤȍ Ȋ ȘȈȏȌțȔȤȐ — ȉȍȏțȔȤȍ
ǰ ȔȖȏȋ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȊȍșȖȑ ȏȈȒȘȣȚ
ǯȈȒȘȣȚ Ȑ ȗȖȊȐȚ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȚțȟȈȔȐ ȕȍȉȖ
ǫȌȍ șȒȘȣȚ ȈȘȖȔȈȚ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȚȕȖȋȖ ȝȓȍȉȈ
ǿȚȖ ȐșȚȐȕȖȑ ȓȦȌȐ ȏȖȊȍȔ Ȕȣ
ǲ ȟȍȔț ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȔ Ȕȣ!..
Ǫșȍ — ȚȈȑȕȣ Ȑ ȚȈȑȕȣ Ȑ ȚȈȑȕȣ
ǵȈȔȍȟȍȕȣ ȕȈȠȐ ȗțȚȐ ȐȓȤ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣ
ǲȚȖ Ȑȏ ȊȈș ǨȊȍȓȐ ȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȕȈș ǲȈȐȕȣ
ǶȚȟȍȋȖ Ȕȣ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣ ȏȈȉȣȚȣ ȏȈȌȈȊȓȍȕȣ —
ǭșȓȐ ȍșȚȤ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ — ȒȘȖȠȒț ȐșȚȐȕȣ ȌȈȑ ȕȈȔ

137
VIII. Ǫ ȗȘȐȚȖȕȈȝ
Ǫ ȗȘȐȚȖȕȈȝ ț ȔȘȈȟȕȣȝ ȕȈȘȒȖȚȐȒȖȊ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ,
ǿȍȘȕȣȍ ȕȖȟȐ ȚȍȔȕȍȦȚ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȚȐȕȈȝ ȊȈȋȖȕȣ
ǰȏȎȐȚȣȍ ȌțȠȐ ȒțȗȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȍȌȣȝ ȖȒȍȈȕȈȝ
ǫȌȍ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȤȧ — ȏȈȉȊȍȕȤȧ
ǴȖȘȜȐȕȈ ȟȍȘȕȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȌȈȘȈ —
ǲȈȒ Ȋ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȝ ȕȈȐȚȤȧȝ ȅȌȋȈȘȈ —
ǷȘȖȕȖșȧȚșȧ ȚȤȔȣ șȈȚȈȕȐȕșȒȐȝ ȚȖȔȓȍȕȐȑ
ǰ Ȋ ȟȈȘȈȝ ȏȔȍȐȕȣȝ ȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȑ
ǴȍȚȍȓȧȚșȧ ȚțȟȐ ȏȓȣȝ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȑ
ǵȈȔ șȈȔ ǹȈȚȈȕȈ ȘȈȏȎȐȔȈȧ ȒȖȋȚȐșȚȣȍ ȒȐșȚȐ
ǸȈșșȣȗȈȧ ȋȘȍȝȖȊȕȣȍ ȟȈȘȣ.
ǬȈȘȣ Țȍ ȚȈȒ șȚȈȘȣ ȚȈȒ șȚȈȘȣ
ǲȘȖȔȍȠȕțȦ ȌțȠț ȝȈȖș ȖȕȐ șȓȈȌȒȖ ȚȍȘȏȈȦȚ
ǰȏ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȝ țȡȍȓȐȑ ȌțȠȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȏȔȍȑ ȊȣȗȖȓȏȈȍȚ
ǰ ȉȍȌȕȣȝ ȕȈȘȒȖȚȐȒȖȊ ȎȈȓȐȚ Ȑ ȌȈȊȐȚ
ǫȘȍȔȧȡȐȍ ȒȖȓȤȞȈ șȊȖȐ ȘȈșȗȘȈȊȓȧȧ
ǵȖ ȋȘȍȠȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȍȚ
ǯȔȍȍȕȣȠȍȑ ȟȍȘȕȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȚȈȔ ȕȈșȈȎȌȈȧ
ǯȔȍȑ șȚȘȈȠȍȕ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȕ Ȑ ȓȍȏȍȚ ȗȘȖȊȖȘȍȕ
Ǫ ȌțȠȍȊȕȣȍ ȕȖȘȣ Ȋ ȗȍȡȍȘȣ ȋȌȍ ȗȓȧȠțȚ ȔȍȋȍȘȣ
ǰ ȚȧȕȍȚ Ȑ ȚȧȕȍȚ Ȑȏ ȌțȠ Ȑȝ ȚțȔȈȕȣ
ǲȖȓȣȠțȚșȧ Ȋ șȓȈȌȒȐȝ ȒȈȟȈȕȐȧȝ ȘȈȕȣ
ǰ șȚȍȓȧȚ ȚțȔȈȕȣ ȚțȔȈȕȣ
ǬȍȒȈȉȘȤ
 ȋȖȌ
IX. Ǫ ȊȈȋȖȕȍ
ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȧ ȊȍșȤ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕ
ǯȈȟȍȔ ȔȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȚȈȒ șȌȈȊȓȍȕȖ"
Ǩȝ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȍ ȔȍȘȚȊȣ ȔȍȘȚȊȣ
Ǩȝ țșȚȈ ȍȍ Ȉȓȣ Ȉȓȣ

138
ǯȈȟȍȔ ȔȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȚȈȒ șȚȍȘȚȖ
ǯȈȟȍȔ Ȕȣ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖ țșȚȈȓȣȍ?
Ǵȣ șȐȌȐȔ ȌȘțȋ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȌȘțȋȈ Ȋ ȊȈȋȖȕȍ
ǭȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȒȈ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȠȓȧȗȒȍ ȚȖȔȕȈ
ǿȚȖ Ȕȕȍ șȓȣȠȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȓȍșȕȣȝ șȚȖȕȈȝ
ǿȚȖ ȗȓȈȟțȚ ȘȣȌȈȦȚ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȖȕȐ?..
Ǩȝ ȖȕȐ ȗȓȈȟțȚ Ȗ ȕȍȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȕȖȔ
Ƕ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȘȈșȚȕȣȔ
ǰ ȔȣșȓȤ ȔȖȧ ȐȔ ȊȚȖȘȐȚ ȉȍȏțȟȈșȚȕȖ
ǫȖȓȖȊȒȈ ȍȍ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȠȓȧȗȒȍ ȚȖȔȕȈ
ǳȍșȈ ȉȖȓȖȚȈ ȋȖȘȣ ȊȐȌȕȣ Ȑȏ ȖȒȕȈ
ǰ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȊȈȋȖȕ ȊȍșȤ ȒȈȟȈȍȚșȧ
ǵȈȊȍȘȕȖ ȖȕȈ șȒȖȘȖ ȖȚȘȈȊȐȚșȧ
Ǩȝ ȋȓȈȊȈ ȍȍ ȔȍȘȚȊȣ ȔȍȘȚȊȣ
Ǩȝ țșȚȈ ȍȍ Ȉȓȣ Ȉȓȣ
Ƕ șȒȖȘȖ ȓȤ ȌȖȘȖȋȈ ȒȖȕȟȈȍȚșȧ
ǹȒȖȘȖ ȓȤ șȖȑȌȍȔ ț ȊȖȒȏȈȓȈ Ȕȣ"
ǬȍȒȈȉȘȤ
 ȋȖȌ
X. ǶȌȐȕ
ǹȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȔ ȕȖ ȕȈȌȖ —
ǺȖȋȖ ȊȣșȠȈȧ ȔțȌȘȖșȚȤ ȎȍȓȈȍȚ
ǷțșȚȤ țȚȖȕȟȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȖșȚȘȖȋȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈ
ǵȈȠț ȎȐȏȕȤ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȘȈȏȌȍȊȈȍȚ
ǰ Ȋ șȊȍȘȒȈȕȤȐ ȋȖȘȧȡȐȝ șȚȘȈșȚȍȑ
ǵȈȌȖ ȖșȚȖȊ ȒȖșȚȓȧȊȣȑ ȕȈȑȚȐ
ǸȈȊȕȖȔȍȘȕȖȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȖȦ Ȍȕȍȑ
ǸȈȏȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȗȘȖȌțȒȚȣ-ȗțȚȐ.
ǰ ȝȖȚȤ Ȋ ȗȣȚȒȍ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȑ ȈȒȚȍȘȈ
ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȔțȒȐ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ
ǵȖ Ȋ Ȕȍȟȍ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȏȖȘȈ
ǪȈȠȈ ȋȖȘȌȈȧ ȔțȌȘȖșȚȤ ȗȘȍȉțȌȍȚ

139
ǹȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȔ, ȕȖ ȕȈȌȖ, —
ǺȖȋȖ ȊȣșȠȈȧ ȔțȌȘȖșȚȤ ȎȍȓȈȍȚ
ǷțșȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȖȎȐȘȍȊȠȍȍ șȚȈȌȖ
ǷȖȋȘȍȔțȠȒȖȑ ȋȘȖȠȖȊȖȑ ȊȍȕȟȈȍȚ
ǵȖȧȉȘȧ  ȋȖȌ
XI
ǷȖcȊ ǲȖȕșȚȈȕ Ȍȍ ǷȖȓȤȕȍȘ
…ȇ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȎȌț — Ȕȕȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ
ǻșȚȈȓȖ ȗȘȖȝȖȎț șȘȍȌȐ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȖȊ Ȑ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ǵȍ ȕȈȝȖȎț ȊȘȈȋȖȊ Ȑ ȕȍ Ȑȡț ȌȘțȏȍȑ
ǰ ȉȍȏțȟȈșȚȕȖȋȖ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈ
...ȇ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȎȌț — Ȕȕȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ...
ǿȈșȈȔȐ ȌȖȓȋȐȔȐ șȚȖȦ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȖȒȕȖȔ.
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ǰ ȚȈȒ ȊȍșȤ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȚ ȌȈ șȕȈ.
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȏȈșȣȗȈȦ — țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȕȖȔ —
Ǭȓȧ șȕȖȊȐȌȍȕȐȑ ȌȘȍȔȓȦȡȍȋȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈ
ȇ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȎȌț — Ȕȕȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ
ȇȕȊȈȘȤ  ȋȖȌ
XII. ǵȈ ȉȈȓț
ǵȈ ȉȈȓț ȕȈ ȉȈȓț ȕȈ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍȔ ȗȖȓț
ǪȖȓȕȣ ȌȈȔ ȔȖȘȍ ȌȈȔ ȚȘȍȗȍȚ ȗȈȘ
ǰ ȠȍȐ ȉȍȓȍȦȚ Ȑ ȘțȒȐ ȌȖ ȔțȒȐ ȚȖȔȧȚ
ǻȓȣȉȒȐ ȗȍȕȍȦȚ Ȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣ ȉȓȍșȚȧȚ
Ⱥ ȕȈȌ ȊșȍȔȐ ȊȐȧșȤ țȚȖȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȈȓȤș
ǿȚȖȉ ȌțȠȈ ȖȚȌȈȓȈșȤ ȌțȠȈ ȌȈȔȣ ȏȈȎȋȓȈșȤ —
ȅȚȖȑ ȓȍȌȐ ȖșȣȗȈȕȕȖȑ ȉȐșȍȘȖȔ

140
ǭȍ șȍȘȌȞȈ — ȖȋȖȕȤ Ȑ ȏȈ ȕȍȦ ȗȖȋȖȕȤ
ǲȈȊȈȓȍȘȖȊ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȑ ȉȍșȟȐșȓȍȕȕȖ
ǪȈȓȤșț ȖȚȌȈȓȈ ȊȓȈșȚȤ — ȗȍȗȍȓȧȡȍ ȏȈȎȋȓȈșȤ
ǵȖ Ȑ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȗȖȌȖȑȌț Ȑ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕț ȕȈ ȏȊȍȏȌț
ǰ ȚȈȒ ȋȖȘȌȖ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ șȔȍȧșȤ,
ȇ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕț șȒȊȖȏȤ ȔȐȘ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏ..
ǵȈ ȉȈȓț ȕȈ ȉȈȓț ȕȈ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍȔ ȗȖȓț
ǪȖȓȕȣ ȌȈȔ ȔȖȘȍ ȌȈȔ — ȚȘȍȗȍȚ ȗȈȘ
ǰ ȠȍȐ ȉȍȓȍȦȚ Ȑ ȘțȒȐ ȌȖ ȔțȒȐ ȚȖȔȧȚ
ǻȓȣȉȒȐ ȗȍȕȍȦȚ Ȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣ ȉȓȍșȚȧȚ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑ ȕȐȒȚȖ — ȕȍ ȋȘțșȚȐ!
ǷȘȖȓȍȚȍȓ șȍȘȗȈȕȚȐȕ ȘȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚ ȒȖȕȜȍȚȚȐ
ǰ ȠȍȐ Ȑ ȘțȒȐ ȚȈȕȞțȦȡȐȝ ȗȈȘ,
ǵȈ ȉȈȓț ǵȈ ȉȈȓț — ȕȈ ȊȍșȍȓȖȔ ȗȐȘț,
Ǫ țȗȖȍȕȤȐ ȗȓȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȟȈȘ
ǵȈ ȉȈȓț ȕȈ ȉȈȓț ȕȈ ȏȊȍȕȧȡȍȔ ȉȈȓț
ȇȕȊȈȘȤ  ȋȖȌ
ǽIII. ǵȈȘȖȌț
ǿȚȖ ȧ șȒȈȎț Țȍȉȍ ȐȏȔțȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ
ǲȈȒțȦ ȓȍȗȚț ȌȈșȚ ȗȖȥȚ
Ǫ ȒȓȖȒȖȟțȡȐȑ ȊȖȌȖȊȖȘȖȚ
ǺȊȖȐȝ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȑ Ȑ ȗȖȉȍȌ
ȇ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȕȧȓ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ ǻȖȚȚȈ
ǯȈ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ǬȍȔȖș ȊȖșȗȍȊȈȓ
Ǫ ȔȖȋțȟȐȝ ȗȍșȕȧȝ ©ǷȤȧȕȖȋȖ ȐȓȖȚȈª
ǷȘȖȊȐȌȍȞ șȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȊȖșșȐȧȓ
ǷȖȥȚȣ ȒȘȐȒȕțȚ ș ȊȈȔȐ ǯȖȘȐ ǯȖȘȐ
ǶȚȒȘȖȑȚȍ șȓȈȌȖșȚȕȣȑ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘ
ǸȈȏȉȍȑȚȍ Ȑ ȕȈȘțȠȤȚȍ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘȣ
ǺȐȘȈȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȏȈȕȧȊȠȍȋȖ ȗȘȍșȚȖȓ

141
XIV ǿȍȘȕȈȧ ȘȈȚȤ
ǿȍȘȕȖȔț țȋȓȦ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȈ ȌțȠȈ
ǫȌȍ ȊȍȘȣ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȕȍ ȗȣȓȈȍȚ
ǫȌȍ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȔȖȓȐȚȊ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȕȈ
ǰ șȐȓȣ ȕȍȉȍș ȗȘȖȏȧȉȈȦȚ
Ǫ ȕȐȝ ȓȍȌ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȌțȠȈȝ
Ǫ ȕȐȝ ȏȓȖȉȈ ȉȍșșȐȓȤȧ
ǰ ǩȖȋȈ ȏȈȒȖȕȣ ȕȈȘțȠȈȚ
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȘȈșȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ
ǰ ȕȍȉȖ ȝȖȚȧȚ ȏȈȒȓȍȊȈȚȤ
ǫȌȍ ȌțȠȐ șȊȖȐȔȐ țșȐȓȤȧȔȐ
ǰ ȊȖȚ țȎ ȉȍșȖȊșȒȈȧ ȘȈȚȤ
ǿȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȝȓȖȗȈȍȚ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ
ǰ Ȓ ȕȍȉț ȝȖȚȧȚ ȗȖȌșȚțȗȐȚȤ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȖȌȕȈ ȖȉȍȓȐȚșȧ ȌțȠȈ
ǰ ȘȈȚȤ Ȋșȧ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȓȍȚȐȚ
ǷȓȈȔȍȕȍȔ ȏȓȖȉȣ ȌȣȠȈ —
ǽV
ǷȖȥȚ ȉțȌȤ ȟȐșȚ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȉȍșȈ!
ǩțȌȤ Ȧȕ ȊcȍȋȌȈ ȕȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊ.
ǵȈ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȓȧȎȍȚ ȗțșȚȤ ȘȖșȈ
ǯȈȘȍȦ țȗȖȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȐȊ
ǩțȌȤ ȓȈșȒȖȊ ȒȈȒ ȊȍșȍȕȕȐȑ ȓȐșȚ
ǷȖȥȚ ȉțȌȤ ȟȐșȚ
Ǻȣ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕ șȊȍȚȓȖȦ ȘțȒȖȑ
ǩȣȚȤ ȜȈȒȍȓȖȔ ȊȖ ȚȤȔȍ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ
ǰȏ ȌȈȘȈ ȕȍ ȚȊȖȘȐ ȐȋȘțȠȒȐ ȘȖȒȖȊȖȑ —
ǬȍȘȏȈȕȤȍ ȋȘțȉȖ Ȑ ȉȍșȗȓȖȌȕȖ —
ǶȚ ȗȈȌȠȐȝ ȈȕȋȍȓȖȊ țȔȟȐșȤ —
ǷȖȥȚ ȉțȌȤ ȟȐșȚ
ǩțȌȤ ȟȐșȚ ȗȖȥȚ ȚȊȖȑ ȌȈȘ
ǳțȟȐșȚȣȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȋȖȘȌȖ ȏȈȗȖȍȚ!
ǷțșȚȤ ȖȟȐȡȈȦȡȐȑ ȗȖȎȈȘ
Ǫ ȚȊȖȐȝ șȚȐȝȈȝ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ
ǷȍȘȍȌ șȐȧȓȤȕȣȔ ȕȍȉȖȔ ȗȘȍȒȓȖȕȐșȤ —
ǷȖȥȚ ȉțȌȤ ȟȐșȚ!

142
Ǩ ȍșȓȐ Țȣ ȗȘȖȎȍȋ Ȋ Ȗȋȕȍ șȚȘȈșȚȍȑ
ǵȈȐȊȕȖșȚȤ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȑ șȊȧȚȖȍ —
ǸȈșȒȘȖȑ ȋȘȍȝȐ ȌțȠȐ șȊȖȍȑ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȏȕȈȦȡȍȑ ȚȖȓȗȖȑ
ǰ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖ ǩȖȋț ȗȖȔȖȓȐșȤ
ǷȖȥȚ ȉțȌȤ ȟȐșȚ
ǼǯǻǼǰǹǳǻǶǳ
I
ǹȚȈȘȣȍ șȚȘțȕȣ ȌțȠȐ —
ǩȓțȎȌȈȕȤȍ Ȋ ȚȍȕȐșȚȣȝ Ȉȓȓȍȧȝ
ǶȒȍȈȕȣ ȒȓȖȒȖȟțȡȍȑ ȓȎȐ —
ǺȈȑȕȣ ȚȍȔȕȍȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȒȍȓȤȧȝ —
Ǫ ȌțȠȈȝ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȍȓȤȍȔ
ǰșȚȍȘȏȈȕȕȣȝ ȒȘȖȊȧȔȐ ȘȈȕ
ǹȖȉȓȈȏȕȖȔ ȔȈȕȧȡȐȝ țȡȍȓȐȑ
ǺȖșȒȖȑ Ȗ șȊȍȘȒȈȕȤȐ ȗȖȓȧȕ
Ƕ ȏȊȖȕȍ ȓȍȚȧȡȐȝ ȘțȟȤȍȊ
Ƕ ȊȍȧȕȤȐ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȝ ȌȍȊ
ǰ ǩȖȋȈ Ȑ ȈȕȋȍȓȖȊ ȏȖȊ
ǯȈȉȣȚȤ ȉȣ Ȕȕȍ ȚȧȋȖșȚȕȣȑ ȋȕȍȊ
Ǫ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȐȧȝ ȕȖȊȣȝ
ȇ ȐșȒȈȓ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȝ ȖȚȘȈȌ
ǰ ȓȍȚȍȓ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȚȘȍȗȍȡțȡȐȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ
ǵȖ ȏȈșȚȣȓ țȚȖȔȐȊȠȐȑșȧ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ
ǹȊȧȚȖșȚȤ ȌțȠȐ ȖȚȓȍȚȍȓȈ
Ǫ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ Ȑ ȌȍȘȏȒȖȑ ȗȣȚȓȐȊȖșȚȐ
ǴȍȚȈȓȈșȤ țȋȈȘȕȖ ȌțȠȈ
ǹ țȎȐȔȒȖȑ ȕȍȓȍȗȖȑ ȒȐȟȓȐȊȖșȚȐ
ǿȍȘȕȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȊȖȠȓȈ
ǲ ȋȘțȌȐ ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȧ ȞȊȍȚȣ
ǪȖșȚȖȟȕȣȝ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȔȈȒȖȊ
Ǫ ȉțȒȍȚȍ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ ȓȐșȚȣ
ǵȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȧ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȝ ȗȖȌȈȘȒȖȊ
ǿȍȘȕȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȗȘȖȟȤ
ȇ ȝȖȟț șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȣȝ Ȉȓȓȍȑ

143
ȇ ȝȖȟț ȟȚȖȉ ȘȈșȚȈȧȓȈ ȕȖȟȤ —
Ǭȓȧ ȓțȟȐșȚȣȝ Ȑ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȝ Ȍȕȍȑ
ȇ ȝȖȟț ǩȍȓȖȋȖ ǳȖȚȖșȈ —
ǸȈȌȖșȚȐ ȉȓȈȋȖșȚȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǹȓȈȌȒȖ ȕȈȓȐȊȠȍȑșȧ ȓȖȏȣ
ǻȔȘȐȚȍ ȔȖȐ țȒȖȘȐȏȕȣ
ȇ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȓșȧ ȊȈș — Ȑ țȔȘȐȚȍ
ȇ Ȋȏȓȍȟț Ȑȏ ȘȈȌȍȕȤȧ țșȐȓȤȧȔȐ
ǩȍȓȣȍ ȗȚȐȞȣ șȗțșȚȐȚȍșȤ...
ǪȍȑȚȍ ȓțȟȐșȚȣȔȐ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ
II. ǹȓȖȊȈ Ȋ ǪȣȠȕȐȝ ǫȈȠȐȠ...
ǷțȚȈȓșȧ ȔȖȏȋ ȇ ȓȍȎȈȓ
ǩȍȏțȔȤȍ ȖȒțȚȈȓȖ ȔȣșȓȤ..
ǩȖȘȖȏȌȐȓ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȑ ȒȐȕȎȈȓ
ǴȖȏȋ ȗȘȖȘȍȏȈȧ ȉȍșȟȐșȓȍȕȕȖ
ȇ ȓȍȎȈȓ Ȑ ȟȐȚȈȓ «ǶȚȟȍ ȕȈȠ»
ǶȚȟȍ ȊȈȠ ǶȚȟȍ ȕȈȠ
ǹȓȖȊȈ Ȋ ȊȣȠȕȐȝ ǫȈȠȐȠ
©ǫȈȠȐȠ. ȐȠ-ȠȐȠȠ».
ǩȣȓȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȉȓȍșȚȒȐ
ǺȐȕȈ ȖȚ șȔțȚȕȣȝ ȉȖȓȖȚ —
ǫȌȍ-ȚȖ ȗȖȌ ȔȣșȓȧȔȐ ȊșȗȓȍșȒȐ
ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ"
Ǩȝ ȏȈȟȍȔ Ȉȝ ȏȈȟȍȔ
ǵȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȍȕ Ȑ ȕȍȔ
ȇ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕ ȓȍȎȈȓ
ǰ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȒȈȒ ȎȈȓȖ
ȇȌȈȔȐ șȎȐȔȈȓȖșȤ
ǰ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȍȓȈ
ǪȍșȤ ȔȐȘ ȧ ȗȖșȚȐȋ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ
ǸȧȌȖȔ ȌȊȍ ȔȣșȓȐ — ȋȖȘȍȓȈ Ȑ ȚȓȍȓȈ
ǩȖȘȖȏȌȐȓ ȧȌȖȕȖșȕȣȑ ȒȐȕȎȈȓ
ǴȣșȓȤ ȖȌȕȈ — ȕȈ ȖȌȕț ȧ țȔȘț
ǻȎȈș țȎȈș ȒȈȒȖȑ!!
ȇ țȔȘț ȕȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ țȔȍȘȍȚȤ —
ǹȔȍȘȚȐ ȕȍȚ — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȣșȓȤ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȑ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȤȍ —

144
ǳȖȔȈȕȤȍ ȔȣșȓȐ ȉȍșȟȐșȓȍȕȕȖ
...«ǶȚȟȍ ȕȈȠ» ȖȚȟȍ ȕȈȠ
ǹȓȖȊȖ Ȋ ȊȣȠȕȐȝ ȋȈȠȐȠ —
«ǫȈȠȐȠ ȐȠ-ȐȠȐȠȐ»
ǰȏȓȖȔȈȕȣ șȐȕȐȍ ȓȐȕȐȐ
ȓȐȕȐȐ ȐȕȐȐ Ȑȕȍȑ ȕȐȐ
ǼȍȊȘȈȓȤ  ȋȖȌ
III. ǶȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȐȍ
ǷȘȐȓȐȟȕȣȍ Ȑ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȖȌȍȚȣȍ
ǪȈș ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȐȌȍȓȐ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ,
Ǫ ȓȐȓȖȊȖȔ ȗȖȓțșȊȍȚȍ
ǷȘȐȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ ȗȘȐȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ.
Ǫȣ ȊȖȏȋȓȈȠȈȓȐ ǴȈȧȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ
ǰȋȘȈȓȐ Ȋ țȔ Ȑ ȔțȌȘȖșȚȤ
ǻȌȈȟȕȣȔȐ ȜȖȘȔțȓȐȘȖȊȒȈȔȐ
Ǩ ȧ — ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȊȈȠț șȒțȌȖșȚȤ.
ǵȖ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ — ȊȈȠȐ ȓȐȒȐ
ǶȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȕȍȒȘȈșȐȊȣȍ
ǬȘȖȎȈȓȐ ȌțȠȐ ȊȈȠȐ ȌȐȒȖ
Ǫ ȗȖȘȣȊȍ ȚȧȋȖșȚȕȖ-ȚȘțșȓȐȊȣȍ
Ǫȣ ȌȍȘȏȒȐȍ Ȋȣ — ȗȖȓțȉȖȋȐ
ǹȊȍȚ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓȐ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ...
ǻ ȊȈș ȔȖȏȋȐ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȕȖȋȐ
ǰ ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȤ ȒȈȕțȓȈ ȒțȌȈ"
ǴȖȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȕȈ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȓȐȞȈȝ
ǵȍȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ-șȐȘȍȕȍȊȣȝ
ǽȖȚȍȓȐ Ȋȣ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȔȖȓȐȚȤșȧ
ǹ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȔȐ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȔȐ.
1 ȜȍȊȘȈȓȤ  ȋȖȌ
IV. ǺȘȐ ȐșȚȐȕȣ ȖȚ ǹȍȕșȈ
ǰȌȐȓȓȐȧ ǩȍȓȖȋȖ ȓȖȚȖșȈ
ǩȍșșȔȍȘȚȕȈ ȌțȠȈ Ȑ ȘȈșȚȍȚ
ǰ Ȓ șȈȔȖȔț ȕȍȉț ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚșȧ

145
ǺȍȓȖ Ȑ Țȓȍȕ ȕȈȠ țȔȘȍȚ
ǬȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȏȍ Ǭțȝ ȕȍ țȕȐȏȐȚșȧ
ǵȈȟȈȓȖ ȌȈȦȡȍȍ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ǪǵȈșȐȊȕȍȕȈșȐȊȖȊȍȒ
ǰ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ — ȍȌȐȕȖȑ ȖȚȟȐȏȕȍ,
ǫȌȍ ȗȘȖȎȐȊȍȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ —
ǪșȍȋȌȈ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȉȓȈȋȐȔ
ǵȍȓȤȏȧȍȋȖȊȐȌȍȚȤȐșȓȣȠȈȚȤ. . . . . . . . . . .
......................................
ǫȖȓȖș ǩoȋa țșȓȣȠȈȕ
ǰ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȏȈȒȖȕȣ șȖȏȌȈșȚ
ǹȍȉȍ șȈȔȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ǴȖȎȍȚ Ȑ ȌțȠț ȗȘȍȌȈȚȤ
ǿȍȘȕȖȔț Ǭțȝț ȕȈȊȍȒ
ǵȈȏȕȈȟȐȚȤ ȗȖ ȊȍȘȍ ȕȈȋȘȈȌț —
ǰȓȤ ȒȈȘț ȗȘȐȏȊȈȚȤ ȗȖ ȋȘȍȝȈȔ, —
ǺȊȖȘȍȞ șȊȖȍȑ ȚȤȔȣ Ȑ ȖȚȘȈȌȣ
ǪȓȈșȚȐȚȍȓȤ ȕȈȌ ȔȕȖȋȖ — ȧ șȈȔ
10 ȜȍȊȘȈȓȤ 1919 ȋȖȌ
V. ǹȔȍȘȚȐ Ȑ ǮȐȏȕȐ
ǹȔȍȘȚȤ șȗțșȚȐșȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ș ȋȖȘȌȣȔȐ ȞȊȍȚȈȔȐ
ǹȗȘȧȟȤ șȒȍȓȍȚ șȊȖȑ Ȋ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȠȍȓȒȈ
ǵȍ ȒȓȖȕȐșȤ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȔȐ ȏțȉȈȔȐ
ǰ ȒȖșȈ ȗțșȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȍȚ
ǶȉȓȈșȒȈȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ ȋȘȍȏȖȑ
ǩțȌȤ ȕȍȎȕȈ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȤȧ
ǮȐȏȕȤ ȕȍ țȝȖȌȐ ș țȋȘȖȏȖȑ
Ǩ țȔȘȐ țȓȣȉȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȍȕȤȧȔȐ
ǷȖȚȍȘȧȕȣ șȊȍȚȣ Ȑ ȒȈȕțȓȖ Ȋșȍ
ǻȚȘȈȟȍȕȣ ȟțȌȕȣȍ șȐȓȣ —
Ǩ ȒȈȒ ȖȋȓȧȕțșȤ ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȖ —
ǴȖȋȐȓȣ ȟȍȘȕȍȦȚ ȔȖȋȐȓȣ

Ƕ ȒȚȖ ȉ ȔȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȘȈȏȌȊȐȕțȓ —
ǸȈșȒȘȣȓ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȔ ȒȖȓȤȞȖȔ —
ǷȘȐȕȧȚȤ Ȋșȍ șȐȧȕȤȧ ȕȍȉȍș
ǰ ȠȍȗȖȚ ȐșȚȓȍȊȠȐȝ ȔȖȋȐȓ

Ǹț-ȐȜ - ȃȎȗ-ȦȖț-Ȑȓȗ - Ǹț-ȐȜ
ǰȓțȓȒȖȘȠ ǺȎȞȠ
ǪȣȠȓȐ Ȑȏ ȗȍȟȈȚȐ
1. ǷȍșȍȕȞȣ.
2. ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ǬȖȔ
ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ǴȈȘȚ Ȑ ǫȈȊȘȐȐȓ ȅȓȤȜ.
3. ǼȈȐȕ
ǰȓțȓȒȖȘȠ ǺȎȞȠ
ǫȖȚȖȊȧȚșȧ Ȓ ȗȍȟȈȚȐ
4. Ǫ ȖȔțȚȍ ȏȍȘȒȈȓ
ǰȏțȔȘțȌȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȊȐ
5. ǲȈȔȍȕȤ, ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ Ȑ ȒȖȠȒȈ
6. ǰșȚȖȘȐȐ ȔȖȍȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ (ǴȐȕȐȈȚȦȘȣ
7. Ǫ țȡȍȘȉ ȌțȠȐ ǯȍȘȒȈȓȖ Ȋ ȔȖȏȎȍȟȒȍ
8. ǳȍȗȍșȚȒȐ șȈȒțȘȣ ǺȈȕȒȈ Ȑ ȝȖȒȒț ȝȈȑ-ȒȈȑ
ǰȓțȓȒȖȘȠ ǺȎȞȠ Ȗ ǵȓțȓȚ
 ǴȐȜȣ Ȑ ȗȍșȕȐ ȇȗȖȕȐȐ
ǹȒȓȈȌ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ ǨȉȘȍȒșȒȈȧ țȓ Ȍ ȹ 
ǺȍȓȍȜȖȕ ȹ -98.
ǾȍȕȈ 5 Șțȉȓȍȑ
ǷȖ ȗȘȍȌȊȈȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȖȌȗȐșȒȍ  Șțȉȓȧ

ǺǮǾȀǳǹǶǶ
ǶȟȠȜȞȖȖ ȚȜȓȗ ȟȚȓȞȠȖ
[1919]

151
27 șȚ șȚ ȇȕȊȈȘȤ 1918 ȋȖȌ
ǫȕȐȓȖȑ ǻȋȖȓ
ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȍȑ
ȅǬǫǨǸǻ ǪǭǵǭǬǰǲǺǶǪǰǿǻ
ǲȖȔȕȈȚȈ ǺȈȓȈȕȣ ǹȖȓȤȊȍȑȋ
ǴǨǸǺǻ
ǹȖș
ȔȖȍȔț ȗȍȘȊȍȕȞț ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȔț
ǪǭǵǭǬǰǲǺ ǴǨǸǺ
șȣȕț.
 ǴǳǻǶȃ ȅǳǾǻȉǷ
ȇ ȏȐȔȖȑ ȕȈ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȍ ȗȖȑȔȈȓ ǪȖȘȖȕȈ
Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȎȐȓ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȌȖ Ȋȍșȕȣ
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
ǵȈ ȐșȝȖȌȍ ǴȈȘȚȈ ȧ ȒțȗȐȓ ȌȊȈ ȖȉȘțȟȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȒȖȓȤȞȈ —
ǶȌȕȖ ȧ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȓ Ȓ ȒȘȣȓț ȟȍȘȕȖȔț — ȌȘțȋȖȍ — ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȓ — Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ
ȇ ȖȉȘțȟȐȓșȧ ș ǪȖȘȖȕȖȔ
ǹȒȖȘȉȕȖ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȔȐȋȈȦȡȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǰ Ȗȕ ȖȚȓȍȚȍȓ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȐșȝȖȌȍ
ǴȈȘȚȈ
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ ț ȒȘȣȓȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ
ǳțȟ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȘȈȏȌȘȖȉȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ ȒȖȓȤȞȍ
ǰ ȓțȕȈ Ȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ
ǵȍ ȚȘȖȕțȚ ȟȍȘȊȐ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȚȘțȗȈ ȒȖȓȤȞȈ
— ǴȐȕțȦȚ ȟȍȘȊȐ

152
 șȚ șȚ ȇȕȊȈȘȤ  ȋȖȌ
 ȇǳǹȊ
ǷȖșȊȧȡȈȦ ǹȍȘȈȜȐȔȍ ǯȈȝȈȘȤȍȊȕȍ
ǳȍșȖȝȐȕȖȑ — Ȏȍȕȍ ȔȖȍȑ
ǩȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȚȍșȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȚȍșȕȖ ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȗȘȐȗȓȦșȕțȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ǬȖșȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȈȘȖ-
ȔȈȚȕȣ ȕȖ ȚȈȒ țȋȘȦȔȣ ȚȈȒ șȚȘȖȋȐ ǩȣȓȖ ȉȍȏȣșȝȖȌȕȖ ȚȍȔȕȖ Ȋ ȋȘȖȉț ǰ ȧ șȚȐș-
ȕțȓ ȊȍȒȐ ȌȖ ȕȍȘȊȖȊ
ǰ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȧ ȚȖșȒȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ȉțȌȕȧȝ ȏȐȔȣ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ
ǪȍșȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȗȖȓȏȓȐ ȟȍȘȊȐ ǶșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȋȘȖȉț
ȇ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒ ȘȈȌ ȚȘȖȕțȚ ȊȐȏȐȚȖȔ ȎȐȊȣȝ ǪȍȌȤ ȧ ȖȚȊȣȒ ȖȚ ȎȐȏȕȐ. ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ
ȋȖșȚȐ ȟȍȘȊȐ — ȖȕȐ ȐȏȓȈșȒȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖ ȒȖșȚȍȑ
ǺȖȓȗȣ ȟȍȘȊȍȑ ȘȈȏȕȍșȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ǩȍșșȔȍȘȚȤȍ
ǰ Ȋ șȔȍȘȚȐ — ȡȍȓȤ
ȇ șȒȘȣȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȘȈȊȍ — ǷȘȖȘȊȈȓșȧ ȚȘȈȊȖȑ...
— ǯȕȈȍȚȍ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȠȍȗȚȈȓȐ Țȍ ȚȘȈȊȣ! —
— «ǷȖȌȈȑȚȍ ȒȖȘȖȊȤȐ ȎȍȓțȌȒȐ — ǴȈȘȚ ȝȖȟȍȚ șȕȖȊȈ Ȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț»...

153
 șȚ șȚ ȇȕȊȈȘȤ  ȋȖȌ
3 ǿǹǳǵȉ ȅǳǾǻȉǳ
ǬȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖȔț ǵȐȒȖȓȈȦ ǪȈȘȜȖȓȖȔȍȍȊț
ȇ ȘȈșȚȍȘȏȈȓ ȕȖȟȤ ǿȍȘȕȣȍ ȒȓȖȟȤȧ ȧ ȘȈșȠȊȣȘȧȓ ȗȖ țȋȓȈȔ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ
— ǵȖ ȏȈ ȖȒȕȖȔ —
ǶȕȈ ȌȈȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȚȍȒȓȈ
ǻȗȖȘȕȈȧ ȔȋȓȈ ȗȘȖșȖȟȐȓȈșȤ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ Ȋ șȚȍȒȓȈ ǻ ȗȖȌȖȒȖȕȕȐȒȈ — ȕȈ
ȗȖȓț ȏȈȗȍȒȈȓȈșȤ ǿȍȘȕȖȍ ȗȧȚȕȖ — ȓțȎȈ Ȕȋȓȣ
ȇ șȔȣȓ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȗȧȚȕȖ — ǹȔȣȓ ȓțȟȈȔȐ șȊȍȟȐ ǷȖșȚȈȊȐȓ șȊȍȟț ȕȈ ȗȖȌȖȒȖȕ-
ȕȐȒ
ȇȏȣȒ ȎȍȓȚȣȑ ȓȐȏȈȓ ȜȐȚȐȓȤ Ȑ Ȕȋȓț ȏȈȖȒȖȕȕțȦ
ǺȘȍȗȍȚȈȓȐ Ȋ țȋȓȈȝ șȒȖȔȒȈȕȕȣȍ ȒȓȖȟȤȧ ȕȖȟȐ
ǻȧȏȊȓȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȗȣȚȓȐȊȖ ȔȖȘȋȈȓȐ țȋȓȣ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ǪȖȠȓȈ ȚțșȒȓȈȧ ǷțșȚȣȕȧ
ǲȈȒ ȠȓȍȑȜ ȠțȘȠȈȓ ȗȍșȖȒ ț ȗȖȘȖȋȈ
ǷțșȚȣȕȧ ȘȈȏȌȊȐȕțȓȈ ȘȍȉȘȈ ȔȖȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȍȘȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȔȖȍȔ
ǲȈȒ ȠȓȍȑȜ ȠțȘȠȈȓȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȋ ȗȍșȒȈȝ
ȇ țȋȖȘȍȓ ǷțșȚȣȕȍȑ —
— Ǫșȍ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȣ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖ șȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ ȔȖȍȔ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȐȓȐșȤ
ȒȖșȖ ǪȍȒȈȔȐ șȚȘȧȝȕțȓ șȓȍȏȣ ǹȚȐșȕțȓ ȋțȉȣ
ǯțȉȈȔȐ ȊȘȍȏȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ
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— ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ —
ǰ ȧ Ȑȏ ȜȓȈȒȖȕȈ Ȋȣȗȓȍșȕțȓ ȟȍȘȕȐȓȈ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȈ
— ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ȖȚȊȍȚ
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— ǵȈ ǯȍȘȒȈȓȖ ǪȖȏȤȔȐ ȥȚȐ ȒȓȖȟȤȧ Ȑ ȊȣȚȘȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ șȓȍȏȣ
ǹȚȍȒȈȓȖ Ȑ ȏȈȗȍȒȈȓȖșȤ

154
 șȚ șȚ ȇȕȊȈȘȤ 
4 ǼǯǾȍǲ ǻǮ ǽǼǹȁǻǼȅǶ
ǲȈȕȍȌȈ-șȈȕț
ǯȊȍȏȌȣ ȏȧȉȓȐ ȕȈ șțȟȤȧȝ Ȗșȍȕȕȍȑ Ȕȋȓȣ
ǷȘȖȌȘȖȋȓȐ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ Ȑ ȔȐȋȈȓȐ —
ǲȈȟȈȓȐșȤ ȊȖ Ȕȋȓȍ
ǷȖ ȏȍȔȓȍ — ȊȕȐȏț ȠȈȘȐȓ ȊȍȚȍȘ Ȋ ȏȈșȖȝȠȍȔ...
ǲȈȔȍȕȤ șȒȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȖȚȒȖș Ȑ — ȒȈȒ ȊȒȖȗȈȕȕȣȑ — șȚȖȐȚ ȊȕȐȏț —
ǲ ȕȍȔț ȗȖȌȗȖȓȏȈȦȚ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȖȔȣȊȈȦȚ ȗȘȐȟȍșȣȊȈȦȚ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȝ
ǲȈȔȍȕȤ ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȓȈșȒȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȉȘȣȏȋȐ ȌȘȖȉȐȚ ȊȖȓȕȣ
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ǲȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȘȖȠȍȓșȧ ȗȖ ȉȍȘȍȋț
Ƕȕ șȚȍȒȖȔ ȊȖȌȐȚ ȗȖ ȊȖȓȕȍ ȉȖȘȖȏȌȐȚ — ȧȏȊȐȚ ȍȍ
ǴȖȘȡȐȕȐȚșȧ ȊȖȓȕȈ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȟȐȘȒȕțȓ șȗȐȟȒț Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȟȈșȣ ȕȈȌȍȓ ȔȖȕȖȒȓȤ ȕȈ ȓȍ-
Ȋȣȑ ȋȓȈȏ Ȑ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ.
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ǰ — țȚȖȕțȓ Ȋ ȕȍȔ
ǴȖȕȖȒȓȤ șȒȈȚȐȓșȧ ș ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǲȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȘȣȉȈ ȒȓȦȕțȓȈ ȟȈșȣ Ȑ șȚȈȓȈ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ ț ȓȐȞȈ ȍȋȖ...
ǪȐȏȐȚȒț ȞȈȘȈȗȈȓȐ ȒȘȈȉȣ

155
 ȇȕȊȈȘȧ  ȋȖȌȈ
 ǿǸǼǾǯȊ ǻǼǰǼǿǳǹȊȍ
ǶȟȍȘȒ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖȋȖ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȈȕȚȈ
ǪȈȘȊȈȘȍ ǹȚȈȚȤȍȊȖȑ
ȇ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȕȖȊțȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț
ǹȍȘȈȜȐȔȈ — ȎȍȕȈ ȔȖȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ, — ȟȚȖ ȕȖȟȤ ȚȍȔȕȖ.
ǷțșȚȤ ȚȈȒ..
ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ǴȈȘȚ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȕȖȟȤȦ
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ǵȖȊȖșȍȓȤȍ șȗȘȈȊȓȦ ȒȈȒ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȋ șțȔȍȘȒȐ —
Ǯȍȕț ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȦ Ȋ ȒȐȕȍȔȈȚȖȋȘȈȜ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖȕȤȒȖ ȊȚȐȝȖȔȖȓȒț șȗȘȈȊȓȦ ȕȖȊȖșȍ-
ȓȤȍ
Ǩ ȍșȓȐ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȖȑȌȍȚ Ȋ Țȍ șțȔȍȘȒȐ ȧ ȒȘȐȒȕț șȒȊȖȏȤ ȏțȉȣ
— «ǲȘȦȟȖȒ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȓȐ»
— «ǪȍȘȍȊȒȈ Țȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȓȐȕȕȈ»
— «ǷȍȚȓȧ Țȣ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȗȖșȓțȠȕȈ»
ǷȘȐȠȍȌȠȍȔț șțȕț ȘțȒț Ȑ ȊȣȎȔț țȓȣȉȒț:
«— ǯȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȑȚȍ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȋȣ ȊȖȠȓȐ Ȋ șțȔȍȘȒȐ" ǸȈȏȊȍ ȚȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ — ǵȈȌȖ
ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȎȐȋȈȦȚ ȓȈȔȗȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȖȋȐ ȕȈȌ ȗȖȓȖȔ ǬȈȊȈȑȚȍ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ
ȗȖȊȍșȐȔ ȕȈ ȒȘȦȟȖȒ ȊȍȘȍȊȒț ȗȘȖșțȕȍȔ Ȋ ȗȍȚȓȦ șțȔȍȘȒȐ Ȑ ȟȐȘȒȕȍȔ șȗȐȟȒț»
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ǲȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ țȑȌȍȚ ȧ ȉțȌț ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȝȘȍșȚȖȔȈȚȐȦ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȕȐȉțȌȤȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ
ȏȈȗȓȈȟț ȏȈȗȓȈȟț ȏȈȗȓȈȟț Ȉ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖȑȌț Ȋ ȒȈȜȍ ȐȓȐ Ȋ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤ
ǰȓȐ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȗȖȊȍȠțșȤ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȖȟȤ

156
 ǱǼǾǯǮȀȉǷ ǹȌǯǼǰǻǶǸ
ǫȓțȉȖȒȖ-ȔȕȖȋȖ-ȡȍȌȘȖ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȔț ȔȖȍȔț ȀțȘȖȟȒȍ ǳȍȊȐȚȈȕț
ǶȕȈ ȎȈȌȕȖ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȘȉ Ȑ ȘȌȧȕȣȍ ȍȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȖșȣȗȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȓȍȟȐ
Ȑ ȠȍȦ
Ƕȕ șȒȖȘȟȍȕȕȖ țȓȣȉȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȌțȠȒț ǯȈȎȔțȘȐȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ Ȑ șȒȖȘȉȕȖ
Ǩ ȋțȉȣ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ Ȑ șȖȝȓȐ
ǶȕȈ ȋȘțȌȤȦ ȓȤȕțȓȈ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȔ Ȑ ȉȈȋȘȖȊȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȍȍ ȖșȣȗȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋȐ
Ȑ ȎȐȊȖȚ
Ƕȕ țȓȣȉȈȓșȧ Ȑ țȓȣȉȒȈ șȊȖȌȐȓȈ ȓȐȞȖ
ǶȕȈ ȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ ȉȘȍȌȕȖ ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȓȈșȒȈȓȈ ȟȈȌȕȖ țȘȖȌȈ Ƕȕ ȔȖȘȋȈȓ ȟȍȚ-
ȒȖ ȊșȓțȠȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȉȘȍȌ ȍȍ.
ǶȕȈ ȖȚȌȈȓȈșȤ ȍȔț
Ƕȕ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓ ȍȍ ȗȣȠȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȕȈșȣȚȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȑ ȋȖȘȉȖȔ ȖȚȚȖȓȒȕțȓ ȍȍ ȋȘțȌȤ
ǯȈȌȘȍȔȈȓ țșȚȈȓȣȑ ȋȖȘȉȈȚȣȑ
Ǩ ȖȕȈ ȔȍȚȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȐ ǷȘȐȓȤȕțȓȈ Ȓ șȗȧȡȍȔț
ǪȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȋȖȘȉȖȔ ȖȚȚȖȓȒȕțȓ ȍȍ ȋȘțȌȤ
ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ șȓȍȏȈȔȐ șȔȖȟȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȘȉ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȌȍȓȈșȤ
ǵȈȒȐȕțȓȈ ȉȖȈ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ Ȓ șȗȧȡȍȔț
ǵȈȋȕțȓȈșȤ — ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȖȡȈȓȤȕȖ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȒȈ ǵȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓȈ Ȑ șȖ
ȏȓȖȉȖȑ ȒȈȉȓțȟȒȖȔ țȌȈȘȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȋȖȘȉ
«— ǷȘȖȡȈȑ ȇ ȘȈȏȓȦȉȐȓȈ ȊȈȠ ȋȖȘȉ ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȓȈșȒȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ
ǷțșȚȤ ȊȈȠ ȋȖȘȉ ȓȐȎȍȚ șȖȉȈȒȈ»
— ǫȖȘȉȈȚȣȑ ȕȈȚȧȕțȓ ȗȘȖșȚȣȕȦ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȉ șȎȈȓ ȋțȉȣ ȏȈȔȖȘȋȈȓ Ȑ țȔȍȘ... ȗȘȐ-
ȟȍȔ șȢȍȎȐȓșȧ ȕȈșȒȊȖȏȤ
ǶșȍȕȤȦ ȟȍȘȊȐ ȌȣȘȧȊȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȋȘȖȉ Ǩ ȕȈ ȒȘȍșȚ șȗȈȌȈȓȐ ȘȌȧȕȣȍ ȉȈȋȘȖȊȣȍ
ȓȐșȚȤȧ ȒȓȍȕȈ

 ǯǪǭǯǬȃ ǰ ǾǰǼǸȃ
ȅȚț ǴȈȘȚȍȓȐȦ ǪȈȓȍȕȚȐȕȍ ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊȕȍ ǩȈȓȐȞȒȖȑ ȌȈȘțȍȚ ǨȊȚȖȘ
ǹȟȐȚȈȑȚȍ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ
ǭșȓȐ ǪȈȔ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ —
ǭșȓȐ Țȍȉȍ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖ —
ǯȈȉțȌȤșȧ Ȋ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȝ
ǰ ȞȐȜȘȈȝ
ǭșȓȐ ȊȌȘțȋ
ǹȗȈȌȍȚ ȏȊȍȏȌȈ —
ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕȍȚ —
ǰ ȏȘȈȟȒȐ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȚ
— ǵȍ șȟȐȚȈȑȚȍ —
ǷȘȖȗțșȚȐȚȍ ȗȈȌȠțȦ ȏȊȍȏȌț
ǲȖȋȌȈ țșȚȈȕȍȚȍ —
ȏȈȌȍȘȕȐȚȍ ȊȍȒȐ—
țșȕȐȚȍ
Ǫ șȕȈȝ ȕȍȚ
ǯȊȍȏȌ
— Ǫ șȕȈȝ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȣ ȞȐȜȘȣ
ǺȈȔ ȕȍ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖ
— ǪșȍȋȌȈ ȍșȚȤ — ǬȘțȋȖȑ
ǺȈȔ—ȉȖȓȤ—
Ȑȏ ȧȊȐ ȖȚ ȚȍȓȈ

ǶǵȁǺǾȁǲǻȉǳ ȅǳǾǰǶ
[1919]

Ƕ ǽǾǼǸǹǶǻǮȍ Ȁǳǯȍ
ǿǹǮǰǹȌ ǶǺȍ ȀǰǼǳ
ǿǹǼǰǼ ǰȀǼǾǼǳ
ǰ ǼǺȁȀǳ ǵǳǾǸǮǹ

161
 ǴȈȑ șȚșȚ  ȋȖȌ
ǹ-Ƿ-ǩ ǲȘȍșȚ ȖșȚȘȖȊ
ǹȖȓȤȊȍȑȋ ǹȖș
ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ǴȈȘȚ
ǽǼǿǰȍȇǳǻǶǳ
ǪȈȔ — ȗȘȖȚȍȒȠȐȔ șȓȍȗȖ, ȔȐȘȐȈȌȈȔȐ Ȋ ȔȓȍȟȕȖȔ ȗțȚȐ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
ǪȈȔ — ȖȗțșȚȖȠȍȕȕȣȔ ǫȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȟȍȘȊȧȔȐ
ǪȈȔ — ȟȍȘȍȗȈȔȐ ǴȖȕȉȓȈȕȣ ȌȊȐȋȈȦȡȐȔ
ǪȈȔ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȣ ȘȈșȚȓȍȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȏȍȔȓȦ
ǪȈȔ ȌȈȘțȦȡȐȍ Ȋȍșȕȣ ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕȕȣȔ ǪȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ǪȈȔ ȟȘȍȏ ȟȍȘȊȍȑ țȝȖȌȧȡȐȔ Ȋ ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȤȍ
ǪȈȔ, Ȋ ȋȘȖȉȈȝ șțȍȚț ȗȖȏȈȉȣȊȠȐȔ ȕȈș ȘȈȌȐ
ǪȈȔ ȉȍȏȋȘȖȉȕȣȑ ȐȏȋȕȈȕȕȐȒ, ȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȔȖȋȐȓȍ, Ȑȏ ȕȍȌȘ ȐȏȘȐȕțȚȣȑ.
ǪȈȔ ȗȘȖȟȤ — Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȖȚȖȠȍȌȠȐȔ
ȌȈȘțȦ ȋȓțȝȐȍ
șȓȖȊȈ — ȐȏțȔȘțȌȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȊȐ
ǷȘȐȧȊȠȐȍ șȔȍȘȚȤ Ȋȣ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȍ ȔȍȘȚȊȣ

162
ǻȌȈȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȉȊȐȓșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȊȌȘțȋ șȝȊȈȚȐȚ Țȍȉȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȐȚ Ȓ șȚȊȖ-
ȓț
©ǹȔȍȘȚȤª... Ȑ ȏȍȊȖȚȖȑ ȘȈȏȊȓȍȒȈȧșȤ ȎȌȍȠȤ
©ǵȍȚª, — ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ țȌȈȊ ©ȧ țȎȈȓȦ Ǻȍȉȧ Ȋ ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȤȍ ǵȖ țȎȈȓȦ ȚȊȖȦ Ȍț-
Ƞț ǶȕȈ — ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȈȧ șȋȕȐȍȚ Ȑ ȕȈ ȋȕȐȦȡȍȑ ȏȈȗȣȓȈȦȚ ȞȊȍȚȣ ȗȘȈȝ ȌțȠȐ
ǺȊȖȍȑ țȌȖȉȘȐȚ ȞȊȍȚȣ — ȞȊȍȚȣ ȊȍȕȟȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȚȈȓȈȕȚȈ
— Ǫ ȏȕȖȑȕȣȍ ȌȕȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȘȈșȗȓȈȊȐȚ ȚȊȖȐ ȉțȌȕȐ Ȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȍȡȈȌȕȖ ȗȈ-
ȓȐȚȤ Ǻȣ ȡȍȌȘȖ ȗȖȓȐȊȈȑ ȞȊȍȚȣ Ȑȏ ȘțȉȐȕȖȊȣȝ ȟȈȠ șȍȘȌȞȈ ǷȖȓȐȊȈȑ — ȞȊȍȚȣ —
ȧȘȟȍ ȏȈȗȣȓȈȦȚ ǭșȓȐ ȟȈȠȐ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȖȗțșȚȖȠȐȠȤ ȌȖ ȌȕȈ ȉȖȓȤ Ȑ ȚȖșȒȈ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚ
Ǻȍȉȧ ȖșȚȈȊȐȊ ȉȍȏȌțȠȕȣȍ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȤȧ șȊȖȐ Ȋ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȈȝ ȘțȉȐȕȖȊȣȝ ȋȘȈȕȍȑ
ǶȉȍȏȉȖȓȍȕȕȣȑ Ǻȣ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ-ȚȈȓȈȕȚȓȐȊȣȑ ȉțȌȍȠȤ șȚȘȖȐȚȤ ȋȈȘȍȔȣ șȓȖȊ — ȗȓȍ-
ȕȧȚȤ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȑ șȍȘȌȞȈ
ǺȊȖȑ ȗțȚȤ ȊȣȔȖȡȍȕ ȧȘȟȈȑȠȐȔȐ șȍȘȌȞȈȔȐ
ǵȈ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȝ ȔȣșȓȐ Ǻȣ ȊȖȏȕȍșȍȠȤșȧ ȕȈ ȓȖȕȖ ǩȍșșȔȍȘȚȐȧ
ǵȍȚȓȍȕȕȈȧ șȓȈȊȈ ȊȖșȓȍȌ Țȍȉȧ ȏȈȗȣȓȈȍȚ — ȋȖȘȍȚȤ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȈ ǯȍȔȓȍ
ǯȍȔȓȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȒȖȓȣȉȍȓȤȦ
ǯȍȔȓȧ Ȑ ȉȘȖȌȧȋȐ-ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȐ ȘȈșȚȖȟȈȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ǺȖȉȖȑ șțȍȚȕȖ șȊȖȍ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȍșȚ-
ȊȖ ǯȍȔȓȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȊȖȐȔ ȒȓȦȟȖȔ
ǯȍȔȓȧ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ-ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȖ ȘȈșșȚȐȓȈȓȈșȤ ȗȘȍȌ ǺȖȉȖȑ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ǻȣ ȧȊȐȓ
șȊȖȑ ǫȍȕȐȑ ȖȕȈ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȍȘȚȈȧ șȚȈȓȈ ȊșȓțȠȐȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ǺȊȖȐ ǹȓȖȊȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȊ
ȟȈșȣ Ȑ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȍ șȍȘȌȞȈ-ȔȖȓȖȚȣ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȊ
ǯȍȔȓȧ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ șȋȖȘȉȐȓȈșȤ — șȒȖȘȟȐȊ șȍȘȌȞȈ Ȑȝ — ȕȐȏȊȍȘȋȕțȚȣȝ Ȋ ǩȣȚȐȍ
șțȍȚȐȚșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ǻȣ — ǫȍȕȐȑ ǲȖșȔȖșȈ ȊșȚțȗȐȓ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȋȖȘȉ ǴȖȕȉȓȈȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȖȘ-
ȓȐȕȖ ȖȋȓȧȌȍȓ ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ǻȣ ȟȘȍȏ ȕȍȍ — ǯȍȔȓȦ ș ȒȖȓȗȈȒȖȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȖȔ
ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ǵȐȟȚȖ ǲȖșȔȖșȈ —
ǯȍȔȓȧ ǺȊȖȑ ȔȖșȚ
ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȖșȊȍȡȈȍȚ ȔȖșȚ
ǷȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ ǯȊȍȏȌȣ ȘȈșȞȊȍȚȈȦȚ Ȋ șȈȌȈȝ ȕȍȉȍș
Ǻȣ țȓȣȉȈȍȠȤșȧ ǲȚȖ ǺȖȚ ǸȍȉȍȕȖȒ ǵȍȊȐȕȕȣȑ ȌȈȘțȦȡȐȑ Ǻȍȉȍ ȓțȟȐ Țȍȉȍ ȓț-
ȟț ǩȍșșȔȍȘȚȕȖȔț
Ǻȣ țȓȣȉȈȍȠȤșȧ Ȑ țȓȣȉȒȈ ǺȊȖȧ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ — ȕȈ ǯȍȔȓȍ — Ȋ ǴȈȘȚȍ ȟȈ-
ȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȖșȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ Ȑȝ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȤȍȔ ȖȚȔȍȟȍȕȕȣȝ ǺȖȋȖ ǲȖȚȖȘȣȑ Țȍȉȍ — ȗȘȖȝȖ-
ȌȧȡȍȔț ȔȐȔȖ ȌȍȚșȒȖȑ ȘțȟȖȕȒȖȑ șȍȍȚ Ȋ șȈȌȈȝ ȕȍȉȍș șȍȔȍȕȈ ȓțȟȐșȚȣȍ?!.
ǯȍȔȓȧ ǺȊȖȑ ȔȖșȚ ȔȖșȚ ȕȈ ȚȘȍȝ ȒȐȚȈȝ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȣȝ ǯȍȔȓȍ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ Ǻȍȉȍ ǻȊȣ —
Ǻȣ ȍȍ ȘȈȉȣȕȦ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓ ǭȑ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȎțȚȒȖ — ȌȈȊȧȚ ȍȍ șȚțȗȈȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȐ ȗȖȒȈ
ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȋȓȖȚȈȍȚ Ȑȝ ȏȍȊȒȈȔȐ ȔȖȋȐȓ —
ǯȍȔȓȧ ȏȍȊȈȍȚ — ȐȉȖ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȕȖ ȐȉȖ Ȋșȍ ȏȈȔȒȕțȚȖ Ȋ ȒȘțȋȐ șțȍȚȕȣȍ
ǯȍȔȓȧ Ȋ ȕȍȌȘȈȝ ȚȈȐȓȈ Ǻȍȉȧ — ȓȍȗȚț ǲȖșȔȖșȈ
ǴȈȚȤ ǺȊȖȧ Ȋ ȔȓȍȟȕȖȔ ȗțȚȐ ȊȍȒȖȊ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧȡȐȝ ȔȐȘȐȈȌȣ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȊ ȊȉȐȘȈȓȈ
Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȗȖȋȓȖȡȈȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȒȐȍ șȖȒȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȊ ȗȖȝȐȡȈȓȈ ȕȈșȓȍȌȐȧ ȐȏȉȘȈȕ-
ȕȣȝ — ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ Ȑȏ ǸȖȌȈ — ǫȍȕȐȍȊ ȘȖȌȈ
Ǻȍȉȍ ǭȌȐȕȖȔț ȏȈȟȈȚȖȔț Ȋ ȕȍȌȘȈȝ țȚȘȖȉȕȣȝ ǯȍȔȓȧ șȓțȎȐȓȈ ȘȈȉșȒȐ-ȔȈȚȍȘȐȕ-
șȒȐǺȍȉȧ ǭȌȐȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȌȐ ǯȍȔȓȧ ȗȖȝȐȡȈȓȈ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȈ ț șȔȍȘȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȝ-

163
ȕȖșȚȤ ȐȏȋȕȈȕȕȣȝ ȏȈ ȗȓȖȌ ȏȈȗȘȍȚȕȣȑ.
Ǻȍȉȍ ǭȌȐȕȖȔț ǯȍȔȓȧ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȈ ȕȍȚȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȓȖȌ.
ȇȉȓȖȒȖ ȐșȒțșȈȕȕȖȍ ȖȉȋȘȣȏȈȕȕȖȍ ȏȈȉȘȣȏȋȈȕȕȖȍ ȔȖȏȋȈȔȐ ȐȏȔȈȏȈȕȕȖȍ ȒȘȖ-
ȊȤȦ ȏȈȗȓȍșȕȍȊȍȓȖȍ Ȑ ȖȒȈȔȍȕȍȓȖȍ ǯȍȔȓȧ ȚȈȐȓȈ ȏȈȘȣȚȖȍ Ȋ ȟȍȘȍȗȈȝ ȖȗțșȚȖȠȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ Ȑ ȟȍȘȊȧȔȐ — Ȋ ȟȍȘȍȗȈȝ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȣȝ — ǫȍȕȐȍȊ ǸȖȌȈ ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȕȐ-
ȒȖȊ — țȊȣ — ț șȔȍȘȚȕȣȝ
Ǻȍȉȍ ǯȍȔȓȧ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȈ ȧȉȓȖȒȖ
Ǻȣ țȓȣȉȈȍȠȤșȧ: — ȒȚȖ ȚȈ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧȡȍȔț ȔȐȔȖ ȌȈȘțȍȚ ȗȓȖȌ ȖȚ ȌȘȍȊȈ ȐȏȢȍ-
ȌȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȊȧȔȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȊ Ȋ ȔȐȓȐȖȕȕȖșȚȧȝ ȓȍȚ" ǬȘȍȊȈ ȌȘȧȝȓȖȋȖ Ȑ ȉȍșȗȓȖȌ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȌȕȍșȤ" ǶȚ ȌȘȍȊȈ ȗȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ ǬȖȉȘȈ Ȑ ǯȓȈ ȒȚȖ ȌȈȘțȍȚ ȇȉȓȖȒȖ șȖȘȊȈȊȠȍȔț ȖȚ
ǬȘȍȊȈ ȗȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ ǩȣȚȐȧ Ȑ ǵȐȟȚȖ" Ǻȣ țȓȣȉȈȍȠȤșȧ Ȑ țȓȣȉȒȈ ǺȊȖȧ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ
ȏȌȍșȤ — ȕȈ ǯȍȔȓȍ — Ȋ ǴȈȘȚȍ ȟȈȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȖșȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ.
ǯȍȔȓȧ ȌȖȐȓȈ ǹȖȓȕȞȍ Ȍȓȧ Ǻȍȉȧ-ǭȌȐȕȖȋȖ ȊȍșȕȈȔȐ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȔȐ țȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤ
ǺȊȖȑ ȗțȚȤ
ǵȖ Ǻȣ ǫȍȕȐȑ ǲȖșȔȖșȈ-ȔȈȚȤ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȘȈȉȣȕȦ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ ȖȉȍȏȘȈȉȐȓ
ǺȈȒ ǫȍȕȐȑ ǲȖșȔȖșȈ — ȓȍȗȚȈ ǯȍȔȓȐ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȚ ȔȐȔȖ ǯȍȔȓȧ ȊȏȌȖȝȕȍȚ ȗȘȖ-
ȡȈȓȤȕȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȔȖȋȐȓț ȊȏȌȖȝȈ ȒȈȒ ȗȍșȟȐȕȒȐ ȗȘȖșȣȗȓȦȚșȧ Ȋșȍ ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ Ȋșȧ ȚȊȈȘȤ
ȏȍȔȕȈȧ
ǯȈȔȐȋȈȍȚ ǯȍȔȓȧ ȏȍȊȕȍȚ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȖ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȖȦȚșȧ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ — ǮȐȏȕȤ
ǮȍșȚȖȒȐȑ ǴȈȓȤȟȐȒ
ǲȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȣȓȍȗȐȓ Ȑȏ ȋȓȐȕȣ
ǹȓȖȊȖ-ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȐȉȖ ȚȡȍșȓȈȊȐȍ ǭȋȖ ȕȍ țȔȍȡȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ǯȍȘȒȈȓȈȝ ǲȖșȔȖșȈ
ǲȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȖȏȌȈȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȘȈȌȐ ȊȓȈșȚȐ șȈȔȖțȗȖȍȕȐȧ — ȘȈȌȐ șȓȈȊȣ șȊȖȍȧ
ǲȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȍȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȖ ©ȗȖ ȖȉȘȈȏț Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȉȐȦ șȊȖȍȔțª șȖȚȊȖȘȐȓ Ȑȏ ȋȓȐȕȣ
Ȑ Ȋ ȋȓȐȕȧȕȣȑ șȖșțȌ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȐȓ Ǭțȝ
ǲȖȚȖȘȣȑ — ȏȈȗȘȍȚȐȓ
ǲȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȓ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǯȍȔȓȍȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȖȔ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ ȔțȒȐ țȔ-
ȕȖȎȐȓ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȋ ȔȐȘȐȈȌȣ ȕȍȡȈȌȕȖ ȋȕȈȓ ȓȍȋȐȖȕȣ ȖȚ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȟȘȍȏ ȊȍȒȈ — ȔȐȓ-
ȓȐȖȕȖșȚȐ ȓȍȚ ȖȉȔȈȕȣȊȈȧ, ǹȔȍȘȚȤȦ Ȑ ǸȖȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȟȘȍȏ ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȟȘȍȏ ȊȍȒȈ ȋȕȈȓ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ
ǲȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȐșȗȣȓȐȓ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȋ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȖ ȕȈ ȟȈșȚȐ șȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȌȘțȋ ȖȚ ȌȘț-
ȋȈ ǲȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȈțȟȐȓ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ șȓȖȊȈȔ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ǹȓȖȊȈ — ȕȈțȟȐȓ ȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ
șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ǮȍșȚȖȒȐȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȖȉȝȖȌȧ șȊȖȐ ȊȓȈȌȍȕȐȧ-ȔȐȘȣ ȊșȚțȗȐȚ ȕȈ ǯȍȔȓȦ țșȕțȊ-
ȠțȦ
ǹȖȓȕȞȍ Ȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȉțȌțȚ șȊȍȚȐȚȤ — ǭȔț ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧȡȍȔț ȔȐȔȖ ȔȍȘȚȊțȦ ȔȖȋȐȓț
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ-ǯȍȔȓȦ — țȔȍȘȚȊȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȈ —
ǴȍȘȚȊțȦ ȔȖȋȐȓț ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȚȊȖȘȧ Ȑȏ ǵȐȟȚȖ ȔȐ-
Șȣ ȚȊȖȘȧ Ȑȏ ȔȐȘȖȊ — ǵȐȟȚȖ
ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȔȐȋȈȓȖ ǵȖȟȤȦ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ șȗțșȒȈȓȐșȤ — șȊȍȚȐȚȤ
Ƕȕ ȉȓțȎȌȈȓ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȑ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȧ ȋȓȐȕȧȕțȦ ȊȣȌțȔȒț șȊȖȦ — ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȔȓȈȌȍȕȍȞ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ǯȊȍȏȌȣ — ȉȣȓȈ ȕȖȟȤ — ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ șȗțșȚȐȓȐșȤ

164
ȕȐȎȍ
ǴȓȈȌȍȕȍȞ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȕȖȟȐ Ȑ ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȗȘȖȋȕȈȓȖ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ
Ƕȕ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȦ ǯȍȔȓȐ — ȔȍȘȚȊȖȑ ȔȖȋȐȓȣ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ. ǻ ȕȖȋ ǭȋȖ ȊȈ-
ȓȧȓȖșȤ ȕȍȚȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȇȉȓȖȒȖ ǰșȒțșȈȕȕȖȍ ȖȉȋȘȣȏȈȕȕȖȍ ȏȈȉȘȣȏȋȈȕȕȖȍ ȔȖȏȋȈȔȐ
ȐȏȔȈȏȈȕȕȖȍ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȏȈȗȣȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȏȈȗȓȍșȕȍȊȍȓȖȍ Ȑ ȖȒȈȔȍȕȍȓȖȍ ȇȉȓȖȒȖ ȊȈȓȧ-
ȓȖșȤ ȕȍȕțȎȕȣȔ ȏȈȉȣȚȣȔ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȦ ǯȍȔȓȐ — ȕȣȕȍ ț ȕȖȋ ǴȓȈȌȍȕȞȈ
ǺȡȍȚȕȖ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ ȔȈȚȤ-ǯȍȔȓȧ ȔȖȓȐȓȈ ǹȣȕȈ — ȓȍȗȚț șȊȖȦ ȊȏȧȚȤ ǬȈȘ Ȑȏ ȕȍȌȘ
ȟȘȍȊȈ — ǸȈȑșȒȐȑ ǷȓȖȌ ǷȓȖȌ ȒȈȚȐȓșȧ ȌȖ ȒȘȈȧ ǯȍȔȓȐ ȗȖ șȚȖȗȈȔ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧȡȍȋȖ
ȔȐȔȖ
ǴȓȈȌȍȕȍȞ ȕȈȋȕțȓșȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ ǷȓȖȌǪȌȘțȋ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȇȉȓȖȒȖ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȘțȒ
ǭȋȖ Ȑ ȖȚȉȘȖșȐȓ Ȓ ǹȖȓȕȞț
ǯȓȖȊȍȡȍ-ȊȒȘȈȌȟȐȊȖ ȊȣȗȖȓȏȓȐ ǹțȔȍȘȒȐ
ǴȓȈȌȍȕȍȞ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ Ȋȕȍ ǭȋȖ ȕȐ ȖȚ ǵȍȋȖ ȕȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ Ȗȋȓȧ-
ȕțȓșȧ
ǲȖȊȈȘȕȣȑ ǹȖȕ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ǴȓȈȌȍȕȞȈ Ȑ ȊȣȘȊȈȓ ǭȋȖ ©ȝȖȟțª ǹȖȕ ȉȣȓ ȘȈȉ ǺȖȋȖ
ǲȖȚȖȘȣȑ ǷȓȖȌ ȖȚȉȘȖșȐȓ Ȓ ǹȖȓȕȞț
ǴȓȈȌȍȕȞȈ ȏȈȗțȚȈȓȐ ȓȐȗȒȐȍ ȗțȚȣ ǹȕȈ —
ǰ ǪȓȈșȚȍȓȐȕ țȊȓȍȒ ǴȓȈȌȍȕȞȈ ǩȖȋȈ Ȋ ȕȍȌȘȈ ǯȍȔȓȐ-ȔȍȘȚȊȖȑ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ —
ǰ ǬȘțȋȖȑ ȗȖȝȐȚȐȊȠȐȑ ǩȖȋȈ — ȉȣȓ ǫȍȕȐȑ ǲȖșȔȖșȈ ǳȍȗȚȈ-ǪȖȏȔȍȏȌȤȍ ǯȍȔ-
ȓȐ —
Ǫ ȕȍȌȘȈȝ țȚȘȖȉȕȣȝ șȘȍȌȐ ȔȐȘȐȈȌȖȊ ȖȗțșȚȖȠȍȕȕȣȝ ȟȍȘȍȗȖȊ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ǫȍ-
ȕȐȑ ȗȓȍȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǩȖȋȈ —
ǰ ǹȖȕ — ȊȍȘȕȣȑ ǸȈȉ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ș ǴȓȈȌȍȕȞȍȔ — șȚȘȈȎȕȐȟȈȚȤ —
Ǫ țȋȈȘȕȣȝ ȓȈȉȐȘȐȕȚȈȝ ǹȕȈ Ȋ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȕȖȑ ȚȐȕȍ ǯȍȘȒȈȓ ȚȖȔȐȓșȧ ǴȓȈȌȍȕȍȞ
ǹȖȏȌȈȚȍȓȤ ǲȖșȔȖșȈ
ǯȍȘȒȈȓȈ ȊȉȐȘȈȓȐ Ȋ șȊȖȐ ȖȔțȚȣ ǭȋȖ
Ǫ ȖȌȕȖȔ ǯȍȘȒȈȓȍ Ƕȕ-ǺȐȚȈȕ ȗȘȖȕȖșȐȓ ȟȘȍȏ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȕȖșȚȐ ȓȍȚ ȔȐȘȐȈȌȣ șȍȘ-
ȌȍȞ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ-ǿȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȈ —
Ǩ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ Ƞȍȓ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȑȏ ȋȓȐȕȣ ȕȍșțȡȐȑ ȉȍȏȏȈȉȖȚȕȖ ǲȘȍșȚ ȕȈ ǫȖȓȋȖȜț.
ǰ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȍ ǩȖȋ-ǺȐȚȈȕ ȐșȚȍȒȈȦȡȐȑ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȘȈȏȘȣȊȈȧ Ȗȉ ȖșȚ-
Șȣȍ ȒȈȔȍȕȤȧ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȗȖȋȘțȎȈȓșȧ ȗȖȌ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤȦ Ȑȝ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ Ȋ ǯȍȔȓȦ Ȑ ȊȕȖȊȤ
ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȝ ȔțȒȈȝ Ȋșȍ șȍȘȌȞȈ șȎȐȔȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȒȖȘȟȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȉȍȏȣș-
ȝȖȌȕȖȑ ǺȖșȒȍ Ȑ ǩȖȓȐ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȉȍȏȏȈȉȖȚȕȖ ȕȍșțȡȐȑ ǲȘȍșȚ ȕȈ ǫȖȓȋȖȜț ȗȖȘȈȊȕȧȓșȧ ș ǵȐȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ǴȓȈȌȍȕȍȞ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ǯȍȘȒȈȓȖ
ǯȍȘȒȈȓȈ ȊȉȐȘȈȓȐ Ȋ ȟȈȌȕȣȍ ȖȔțȚȣ ǭȋȖ
ǶȚȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ǩȖȋ ȉȣȓ țȊȍȕȟȈȕ ȏȔȍȐȕȣȔ ȊȍȕȞȖȔ ǯȔȍȐ ȎȈȓȐȓȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǭȋȖ
ȊȓȍȏȈȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȟȍȘȍȗ Ȑ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓȐ ȗȖ șȒȓȈȌȒȈȔ ȔȖȏȋȈ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȧȧ ǭȋȖ ǷȖȌ ȟȍȘȍ-
ȗȖȔ ȒȐȠȍȓȐ ȏȔȍȐ ǴȖȏȋ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȘȈșȗȓȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȍȚȈȓȓ ǯȔȍȐ
ȐȏȢȧȏȊȐȓȐ ȧȏȣȒ Ȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǭȋȖ ȐșȚȖȟȐȓȐ ȔȖȏȋ ǭȋȖ ȉȍȏȌȕȈȔȐ ȉȍȏțȔȐȑ
Ƕȕ-ǺȐȚȈȕ ȗȘȖȕȖșȐȓ ȟȘȍȏ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȕȖșȚȐ ȓȍȚ ȔȐȘȐȈȌȣ ȉȍȏȣșȝȖȌȕȣȝ Ȋ Țȡȍ-
Țȍ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ
Ǩ ȘȧȌȖȔ Ƞȍȓ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȑȏ ȋȓȐȕȣ ȕȍșțȡȐȑ ȉȍșȗȍȟȕȖ ȒȘȍșȚ ȕȈ ǫȖȓȋȖȜț
ǴȓȈȌȍȕȍȞ ȐȏȢȧȏȊȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȟȍȓȍ ȍȋȖ ȊȍȕȍȞ Ȑȏ ȚȍȘȕȐȑ Ǩȓȣȍ
ȒȈȗȓȐ ȒȘȖȊȐ șȚȍȒȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȓȐȞț ȖȏȈȘȍȕȕȖȔț ȞȍȓȖȔțȌȘȍȕȕȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ

165
ǬȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȈȌȗȐșȐ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ ȕȈ ȥȒȏ ȒȕȐȋȐ ©ǰȏțȔȘțȌȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȊȐª ȊȊȍȘȝț ȥȒȏ
ǵ ǵ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȈ-ǩȖȌȘȖȋȖ ǨȘȝȐȊ ǵ ǵ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȈ-ǩȖȌȘȖȋȖ ǽȈȉȈȘȖȊșȒȐȑ ȒȘȈȍȊȖȑ
Ȕțȏȍȑ ȐȔ ǵ ǰ ǫȘȖȌȍȒȖȊȈ. Ǽ  Ȗȗ  Ȍ 122 ȊȕȐȏț ȥȒȏ ȗȖȥȚȈ Ǽ ǲȈȔȣȠȕȦȒȈ
șȖȝȘȈȕȐȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȋ ȜȖȕȌȍ ǲ Ǭ ǩȈȓȤȔȖȕȚȈ ǶǸ Ǹǫǩ ǼȖȕȌ  ȒȈȘȚ  ȍȌ ȝȘ 

ǯȍȘȒȈȓȈ ȊȉȐȘȈȓȐ Ȋ ȟȈȌȕȣȍ ȖȔțȚȣ ǭȋȖ
Ǫ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȔ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȍ ǴȓȈȌȍȕȍȞ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȐȉȖ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȘȣȚ Ȋ șțȍȚȍ ȒȖ-
ȔȤȧ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȏȈșȣȗȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȧȏȊȣ
Ƕȕ țȔȐȘȈȓ
ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ țȉȐȊȈȓȐ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȏȈȘȣȚȣȍ ș ȕȐȔ
ǹȍȘȌȞȈ țȔȐȘȈȓȐ ȖȌȕȖ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȏȈȊȍȡȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȎȐȊȣȔ
ǸȈȏȓȈȋȈȓȐșȤ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȍ șȍȘȌȞȈ
ǿȍȘȊȐ ȠțȘȠȈ — șȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȏȍȔȓȐ șȗȖȓȏȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȣȑ ȗȐȘ
ǹȍȘȌȞȈ ȌȖȎȐȊȈȓȐ. —
ǹȚțȟȈȓȐ țșȚȈȓȖ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȌȊȍȘȐ ǹȔȍȘȚȐ. ǰ Ȑȝ ȚȖȟȐȓȐ ȟȍȘȊȐ ǹȢȍȌȈȓȐ ȖșȚȈ-
ȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȓȐ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȟȍȘȊȐ
Ǫ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȔ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȍ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ǩȖȋ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȐȉȖ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȘȣȚ Ȋ șțȍ-
Țȍ ǲȖȔȤȧ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȖșȣȗȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȧȏȊȣ
Ǩ ȕȈȌ ǵȐȔ — Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȓ Ȑ ȊȐȌȍȓ șȒȊȖȏȤ ǹȔȍȘȚȤ — ȕȈ ȒȘȍșȚȍ ǸȈșȗȧȚȣȑ ǿȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒ — ȊȖșȒȘȍșȈȓ — ȟȘȍȏ ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȊȖșȝȖȌȧ Ȋ ǩȍșșȔȍȘȚȐȍ
ǺȈȒ ȚȖȔȐȓșȧ ȔȓȈȌȍȕȍȞ ȏȈȘȣȚȣȑ ǫȍȕȐȍȔ Ȋ ȕȍȌȘȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȑ ȔȖȋȐȓȣ ȟȍȓȖȊȍ-
ȒȈ-ȏȍȔȓȐ —
ǺȖȔȐȓșȧ ǴȓȈȌȍȕȍȞ ȖȗțȚȈȕȕȣȑ șȕȖȔ șȘȍȌȐ ȔȐȘȐȈȌȖȊ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȣȝ ȟȍȘȍȗȖȊ
ǵȈȗȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ǩȖȋ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȕȣȝ ȖȔțȚȈȝ ȏȍȘȒȈȓ
ǩȖȋ ȖșȐȘȖȚȍȊȠȐȑ ȉȓțȎȌȈȓ Ȋ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ-ȎțȚȒȐȝ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȈȝ ȐȏȋȕȈȕȕȣȑ Ȑȏ ǵȐ-
ȟȚȖǫȍȕȐȑ ǲȖșȔȖșȈ Ȑȏ șȗȧȡȍȋȖ ǩȖȋȈ șȖȚȊȖȘȐȚ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ șțȡȍȋȖ Ȋ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȤȧȝ —
ǹȖȚȊȖȘȐȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȋȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȏȈ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȉȐȧ —
ǰȉȖ —
©ǶȒȖ ȏȈ ȖȒȖ —
— ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȏȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
Ǫ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȍ Ȑȏ șȗȧȡȍȋȖ ǩȖȋȈ ǫȍȕȐȑ ǬțȝȖȔ ǯȈȋȈșȐȚ ǩȖȋȈ.
ǰ ǵȐȟȚȖ ȗȖȉȍȌȕȖ ȏȈȋȈșȐȚ Ȑ șȊȍȚ Ȑ Ȕȋȓț
ǷȖȚțȝȕțȊȠȐȑ ǩȖȋ ȕȍ șȚȘȖȕȍȚ ǵȐȟȚȖ
ǰ ȕȐȒȚȖ șțȍȚȖȑ ǲȖșȔȖșȈ ȕȍ șȚȘȖȕȍȚ ǵȐȟȚȖ

ǯȓȕȓ ǰȓțȓȒȖȘȠ ǺȎȞȠ
ǹǳǽǳǿȀǸǶ ǿǮǸȁǾȉ
(1919)

ǽǶǿȊǺǮ ȍǽǼǻǿǸǼǷ ǺȁǿǺȋ
ȝȓȞȓȐȜȒ ȎȐȠȜȞȎ ȟ ȓȐȞȓȗȟȘȜȑȜ)
ǯǳǵǳ

ǨȘȚȐșȚȒȍ
ǯ ǳȆǩǰǴǶǪǶǱ
ȗȖșȊȧȡȈȦ

171
I
ǩȍȓȈȧ ǹȓȐȊȈ — ǪȈȔȐ ȏȈȓȈșȒȈȕȕȈȧ șȌȊȐȕțȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȊȓȈȎȕțȦ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȑ ȚȖȔȕȖ
ȉȓȈȋȖțȝȈȍȚ
ǯȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȟȒȐ șȖȉȘȈȊȠȐȍșȧ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȔ ȏȈȒȈȚȕȖȔ ǳțȟȍ
ǵȈȠȓȐ ȍȍ șȘȍȌȐ ǳȐșȚȖȟȒȖȊ ǲȈȘȗȍȕȏȐ1 ȘȈșșȣȗȈȕȕȣȝ ȞȊȍȚȕȣȔȐ ȒȘȈȗȐȕȒȈȔȐ ȗȖ
ȗȖȏȌȕȍȑ ȓȍȚȕȍȑ ȌȖȘȖȎȒȍ
ȀȍȗȖȚ ǯȊȍȏȌȖȟȍȒ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȓ ǹȓȐȊȍ șȒȈȏȒț ȗȍȟȈȓȐ ȚȍȗȓȈ, — ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȦȦ șȒȈȏȒț
ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǷȖȟȍȔț Ǫȣ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȗȖȏȌȕȦȦ ȌȖȘȖȎȒț Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȚȣȓȍȒ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȘȝȈȦȡȈȧ ǯȈȘȧ
ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ"
Ǫȣ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ șȊȖȑ ȠȈȓȖȊȓȐȊȣȑ ǯȈȑȟȐȒ șȊȍȚȈ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȈȒȒȖȘȌ,
ǷȖȚțȠȐȓȐ ǯȊțȒȐ ȖșȍȕȕȍȋȖ ǯȈȒȈȚȈ
ǲțȌȈ Ǫȣ ȗȖȘȝȕțȓȐ ȔȖȧ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȈȧ ȌȘȍȔȖȚȕȈȧ ǯȐȕȍȖ-ǹȈȕ ȔȖȧ Ȗșȍȕȕȧȧ șȒȈȏ-
ȒȈ"
ǷȖȏȌȕȖ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ȕȍȎȕȈȧ ǶȞțȒȈ2 ȓȖȔȈȕȣȔȐ ȓțȟȈȔȐ ȟȍȘȚȐȓȈ șȊȍȚȖȊȣȍ ȌȖȘȖȎȒȐ
ǵȈ șȍȘȌȞȍ șȐȕȐȝ țșȚȈȓȣȝ ȊȖȓȕ ȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȘȧ
ǰ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚȈȓȐșȤ ȖȕȐ ȒȈȒ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȍ ȗȖșȓȈȕȐȍ ȎȘȍȞȖȊ
ǹȒȊȖȏȐȓȈ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȐȔȐ ǪȈȠȈ țȓȣȉȒȈ ȒȈȒ ȘȣȌȈȦȡȐȑ ȞȊȍȚȖȒ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ȗȣȓȈȦ-
ȡȍȋȖ ǹȚȈȘȞȈ
ǲȈȒ ǯȊțȒȐ ȞȐȚȘȣ Ȑȏ ȔȖȋțȟȍȋȖ șȍȘȌȞȈ ǼțȌȏȐ-ȇȔȣ3,
ǲȈȒ ȠȍȓȍșȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȌȣȝȈȕȤȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȑ ȌȖȘȖȎȒȍ
ǴȖȐ ȎȈȌȕȣȍ ȋțȉȣ ȗȐȓȐ ȥȚȐ șȊȍȚȖȊȣȍ țȓȣȉȒȐ
ǰ ȧ Țȧȕțȓșȧ ȔȍȎȌț șȐȕȐȔ ȖȚȓȐȊȖȔ ȔȖȘȍȑ Ȑ ȉȓȍșȒȖȔ ǶȞțȒȈ
ǲ ǪȈȠȐȔ ȝȘțȗȒȐȔ ȚȈȕȞțȦȡȐȔ ȉȍȌȘȈȔ
ȇ ȎȈȎȌȈȓ ȗȘȐȎȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ ǲȘȈșȖȟȕȖȔț ǶȉȐ4 ȒȈȒ Ȓ ǮȍȔȟțȎȐȕȍ Ȓ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȔț ȒȈȔȍ-
ȠȒț ǷțȓȤȚȈȘȣ
ǲțȌȈ Ǫȣ ȗȖȘȝȕțȓȐ Ȋ ȟȈș ȗȖȏȌȕȐȑ ǯȖȓȖȚȣȝ ǹțȔȍȘȍȒ"
ǻȎȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȏȊȖȕ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓȤȟȐȒȈ5 Ȋ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȔ ǲȐȖȚșȒȖȔ ǽȘȈȔȍ ȗȘȖȏȊțȟȈȓ
ǹȚȘȖȑȕȣȍ ǩȖȋȐ șȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȔțȌȘȣȔȐ ǹȍȔȐȘțȟȕȣȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȖȗțșȒȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ
ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȒțȦ ȌȘȍȔȖȚț
ǮȘȍȞȣ ȘȈșȗțșȚȐȓȐ șȊȖȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȚȐȘȚȍȟȐ6 Ȑ ȏȈȚȐȝȓȐ Ȋ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȝ șȕȈȝ
ǵȈ ȇȔȈȔȖȚȖ ȌȖȘȐ ǹȈȕȟȖȔȍ7 Ȋ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȔ ȖȏȍȘȍ ȔțȌȘȣȍ ȟȍȘȍȗȈȝȐ ȘȈȏȌȊȐȕțȓȐ
șȊȖȐ șȚȖȊȍȒȖȊȣȍ ȉȘȖȊȐ Ȑ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȓȍȊȣȑ ȉȍȘȍȋ șȖȓȕȞȈ —
ǯȈșȚȣȊȠȍȍ ȚȍȓȖ Ȑȝ ȗȘȖșȓȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȕȖȟȤ
ǲȈȒȖȑ țȋȖȓȖȒ ȚȤȔȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȘȈșșȍȒȈȍȚșȧ ȋȘțșȚȕȖȑ ȔȍȓȖȌȐȍȑ ǪȈȠȐȝ ȋȍȚȖ"8
ȇ ȝȖȟț ȗȘȐȎȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȥȚȐȔ ȏȊțȒȈȔ ȒȈȒ Ȓ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧȔ ǪȈȠȐȝ ǻȚȖȕ-
ȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȊ
ǲȈȒȈȧ ȚȍȕȤ ȉȓțȎȌȈȍȚ ȗȖ ǪȈȠȐȔ ȚȘȍȗȍȡțȡȐȔ ǹȐșȐ"9
ȇ ȝȖȟț ȥȚț ȚȍȕȤ ȘȈȏȌȊȖȐȚȤ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȚȖșȒȍ Ȋ ȚȖșȒȍ ȗȖ ǪȈș ȔȖȧ ǯȐȕȍȖ-șȈȕ
ǴȖȧ ȘȈȑșȒȈȧ ȖșȍȕȤ ǳțȟȐșȚȣȑ ȞȊȍȚȖȒ ȔȖȐȝ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ ǹțȔȍȘȍȒ
ǴȖȑ șȕȍȎȕȣȑ ȞȊȍȚȖȒ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȖșȍȕȐ
ǩȘȖȕȏȖȊȖȍ ȕȍȉȖ ȖȒțȕțȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕțȦ ȗȍȡȍȘț ǹȐȘȊȈȕȐ

172
ǺȍȕȐ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȦȚ ǲȈȔȕȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȖȘȓȐȞȈ ǼțȏȈȕȈ ȊȍȘȝțȠȒȈȔȐ ȓȍșȕȣȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ
ǽȈȕȈ-șȈȕ10 ȘȈȏțȒȘȈșȐȓȈ șȊȖȦ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ǲȍȘȌȖȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ǳȈȕȍȏȖȑ11...
ǮȈȎȌțȡȐȑ șȚțȒȖȔ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ȧ ȘȈȏȉȐȊȈȦ ȕȖȟȕȣȍ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȈ
ȀȖȘȖȝȖȔ ȌțȠȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȏȖȘȒȖ ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȦșȤ Ȋ ȠȐȘȤ ȉȍȏȉȘȍȎȤȧ
ǷȖȏȕȈȚȤ ǪȈș ȔȖȧ ǯȐȕȍȖ-șȈȕ ȔȖȧ ȖȌțȘȔȈȕȍȕȕȈȧ ȞȊȍȚȕȈȧ
ǶșȍȕȕȐȔȐ ǹțȔȍȘȒȈȔȐ ȊȏȓȍȓȍȧȕȕȈȧ
II
ǲȚȖ ȏȈȖșȚȘȐȓ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ǹȖȓȕȞȍ șȖȉȘȈȓ ȊȍșȤ ȓȈșȒȖȊȣȑ șȊȍȚ Ȑ ȗȖȏȖȓȖȟȍȕȕȖȑ șȚȘȍ-
ȓȖȑ șȖȋȘȍȓ ȏȈșȚȣȊȠȍȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȔȖȍ"
ǲȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȋȘțșȚȕȣȑ ȗȖȓȌȍȕȤ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȎȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȝȘțȗȒȈȧ ǳȐȓȐȧ ȖȉȊȐȊȈȍȚ șȚȈȕ ȔȖȑ Ȑ
ȗȓȍȚȍȚ ȋȐȘȓȧȕȌȣ șȟȈșȚȤȧ Ȑȏ ȓȖȏ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȚȖșȒțȦȡȍȋȖ ȊȐȕȖȋȘȈȌȕȐȒȈ"
ǲȚȖ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȋ ȖȗțșȚȍȊȠȐȑ șȈȌ ȔȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖȍȚ ȔȖȐȔ ȞȊȍȚȈȔ Ȗ ȒȘȈșȖȟȕȖȑ ǯȈȘȍ Ȋ ȚȘȍ-
ȓȧȝ ȞȐȒȈȌȣ"
ǴȖȐ ȕȖȋȐ ȧ ȖȌȍȕț Ȋ ȉȘȖȕȏȖȊțȦ șȚȈȓȤ Ȑ ȗȖȉȍȋț ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȔȖȍȔț ȌȖȘȖȋȖȔț ȋȖș-
ȚȦ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ ǹțșȈȕȖȖ ǴȐȒȖȚȖ12, ȥȚȖȋȖ ȘȣȞȈȘȧ ȕȍțȌȍȘȎȕȣȝ ǻȘȈȋȈȕȖȊ ȔȖȐ
ȋȐȉȒȐȍ ȉȍȌȘȈ ȧ ȘȈȏȖȚȘț ȈȘȖȔȈȚȖȔ șȈȌȖȊ ȖȘȈȊȐȕȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȖȕȐ ǻș-
ȚȈȓȖșȚȐ
ǲȈȒ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȈȧ ǳȈȕȤ ȧ ȕȈȑȌț Ȋ ȏȈȘȖșȠȍȑ ȟȈȡȍ ȘȈȑșȒțȦ ȖșȚȘȖȒȘȣȓțȦ ǯȐȕȍȖ-
șȈȕ ȔȖȦ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕțȦ ȒȘȈșȖȟȕțȦ ǹȒȈȏȒț
ǪȈȠȐ șȓȖȊȈ-șȊȧȏȒȈ ȘȐȚȔ ȧ ȏȈȗȘȧȟț Ȋ ȚȈȑȕȐȒȈȝ ȌțȠȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȒȈȒ ȒȓȈȌ ȋȖȘȕȣȝ
ȊȍȘȠȐȕ ȐȓȤ ȌȐȊȕȣȝ șȒȈȓ
Ǫȣ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȔȖȐ ȗȍșȕȐ — ȒȈȒ ȊȍȚȍȘȖȒ ȕȈ ȔȐȋ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȤȦȡȐȑ ȘȖșț ȞȊȍȚȖȊ Ȑ
ȖȌțȘȔȈȕȐȊȈȦȡȐȑșȧ, ȒȈȒ ȚȘȍȓȐ ȎȈȊȖȘȖȕȒȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȧȦȡȐȍșȧ Ȋ Ȋȣșȧȝ,
ȒȈȒ ȔȐȋȈȦȡȐȑ ȓțȕȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ ȕȈșȒȖȘȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȧȡȐȑ ȗȖ ȏȍȘȒȈȓț șȐȕȐȝ ȊȖȓȕ ȕȖ
ȏȈȉȣȊȈȦȡȐȍșȧ țșȒȖȓȤȏȈȦȡȐȍ Ȑ ȕȍ șȘȖșȠȐȍșȧ șȖ șȓȍȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ Ǭț-
ȠȐ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȉțȌț ȒȈȎȌțȦ ȒȈȗȓȦ ȉȘȣȏȋ Ȑ ȊȖȓȕ ȗȘȖșȈȟȐȊȈȚȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ǬțȠț ȔȖȦ ȖȗȤȧ-
ȕȧȧ Ȑ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȧȧ ǸȈȏțȔ ȔȖȑ Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȚȖȟȒȍ ȉȣșȚȘȣȝ ȊȖȌ —
ǰ ȚȈȒ ȧ ȊȣȗȤȦ ȊȍșȤ ȉȍȏȌȖȕȕȣȑ ǶȒȍȈȕ ǪȈȠȐȝ ǮȍȓȈȕȐȑ
Ǫ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȍ ȕȍȕȈșȣȚȕȣȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ȧ ȉțȌț șȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȚȤ ȊȖȓȕȣ ǪȈȠȐȝ ȔȍȕȧȦȡȐȝ-
șȧ țȓȣȉȖȒ șȒȈȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȉȘȣȏȋȐ ǪȈȠȐȝ ȘȈȏȕȖȋȘȈȕȕȣȝ ǰșȒȈȕȐȑ
ȇ ȉțȌț ȉȓțȎȌȈȚȤ ș ǪȈȔȐ ȗȖ ȘȖȡȈȔ ǵȍȋȐ ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȍȖȉȢȧȚȕȖȋȖ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ
ȠȈȋ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȐȚȤȦ ȊȗȓȍȚȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȒȘțȎȍȊȖ ȔȖȍȑ ȕȖȊȖȑ ǬțȠȐ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ǸȈ-
ȏțȔȈ ǪȈȔȐ ȖȒȘȣȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȊȏȓȍȓȍȧȕȕȖȋȖ
ǴȖȍ ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȧ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡț Ȋ ǵȍȉȖ ȋȌȍ ȉțȌțȚ ȘȈșȞȊȍȚȈȚȤ ǯȊȍȏȌȖȟȒȐ ǪȈȠȐȝ ȔȐ-
ȋȈȦȡȐȝ ȌȍȘȏȈȕȐȑ ȔȖȧ ȕȖȟȤ ȉțȌȍȚ ȉȈȘȝȈȚȕȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȣȑ ȉȓȍșȒ ǳȈȏț-
ȘȐ —
ǰ Ǫȣ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ǲȖȘȖȓȍȊȖȑ ȔȖȍȑ șȊȍȚȓȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ ȔȖȧ ȌȘȍȔȖȚȕȈȧ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȈ
șȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȑ ǰȒȥ13 ȔȖȍȑ ǴțȌȘȖșȚȐ
ȇ ȊȗȓȍȚț Ȋ ǪȈȠȐ ȊȖȓȖșȣ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȣȑ ȓȍșȕȖȑ ȚȈȑȕȐȒ ȔȕȖȋȖșȚȘțȕȕȖȍ ȒȖ-
ȚȖ14 Ȑ ȔȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȒȘțȎȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȊȐȝȘȍ ȚȈȕȞȈ ȊȚȖȘȧ ȏȊțȒȈȔ ȏȈȘȐ

173
ǲȈȎȌȣȑ ȊȖȓȖș ȉțȌȍȚ ȓȈșȒȈȚȤ ȔțȏȣȒț ȉȖȓȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȋȘțșȚȐ ȗȖ ǪȈș ǴȖȧ ǹțȔȍȘȍȟ-
ȕȈȧ
ǹȊȍȚȖȊȣȔȐ ȐȏȋȐȉȈȔȐ ȘȈȏțȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȈȧ ȉȖȕșȈȕ15 ȔȖȍȑ ȕȖȊȖȑ ǯȈȗȖȊȍȌȐ —
ǬȖȟȤ țȚȖȕȟȍȕȕȣȝ ǩțșȐȌȖ16 ȗȖȏȕȈȊȠȈȧ ȗȍșȕȦ ǷȘȈȊȌȣ
ǴȖȧ ǯȐȕȍȖ-șȈȕ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈ șȒȈȏȖȟȕȣȝ ȊȍȒȖȊ
III
ǪȈȠȍ ǲȐȔȖȕȖ — ȗȖȓȍ ȒȘȈșȖȟȕȣȝ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ Ȑ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ — ȧ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȓ ȕȈȌ ȔȐȘȖȔ
ȋȘȍȏ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȉȍșȈ-ǰȌȏȈȕȈȋȐ17.
ǵȈȠ ȔȐȘ Ȕȣ ȖȒȘțȎȐȔ ȓȍșȖȔ ȎȐȊȣȝ ǹȈȒȈȒȐ18 ș ȊȍȟȕȖ ȞȊȍȚțȡȐȔȐ ȗȓȈșȚȈȔȐ
șȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȘȣȠ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ șȈȔȣȍ șȐȓȤȕȣȍ ǹȚțȎȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǹțșȈȕȖȖ-ǴȐȒȖȚȖ ȋț-
ȓȧȍȚ ȗȖ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈȔ Ȑ ȌȘȈȏȕȐȚ șȍșȚȘț șȊȖȦ19.
ȇ ȉțȌț ȕȈȕȐȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ǪȈȠȐ ȚȖȕȒȐȍ ȕȐȚȐ-ȉȘȖȊȐ ȘȈșȞȊȍȚȠȐȍ ȓȍșȕȖȑ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȖȑ,
ȒȘȈșț ǯȖȘȍȑ
ȇ ȉțȌț ȠȍȗȚȈȚȤșȧ ș ǪȈȔȐ Ȗ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȍ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȎȍȘȍȓȤȧ Ȑ ǪȈȠȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȏȈȔȍ-
ȕȧȚ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍȜȘȐȚȣ20 ȝȘțșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȝȘțȗȒȐȍ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ-ȕȍȎȕȣȍ
Ǫȣ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȌȈȘȐȚȍ ȋȘțȌȐ ǪȈȠȐ ȥȚȐ ȘȈșȞȊȍȚȠȐȍ ȗȍȘșȐȒȐ — șȐȔȊȖȓ ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȐȧ
Ǩ Ȋ șțȔȍȘȒȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍșțȚșȧ ȊȍȚȘȣ Ȑȏ șȚȘȈȕȣ șȗȧȡȐȝ ǨȔȈȕȖ-ǻȌȏțȔȐ21 ȉȖȋȐȕȧ-
ȗȓȧșțȕȤȧ ȉțȌȍȚ ȒȖȓȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȗȈȓȤȟȐȒ ǪȈȠȍȑ ȕȖȎȒȐ ȔȍȟȖȔ Ȑȏ ȉȈȔ-
ȉțȒȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȠȖȘȖȝ ȉȣȓ ȓȈșȒȖȊ ȒȈȒ ǻȋȈșȈȦȡȐȑ ȓțȟ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ȗȖȘȣȊȐșȚȖ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȎȕȖ ȘȊțȡȐȑșȧ șȊȍȚ
ǶȕȈ ȕȈțȟȐȚ ǪȈș ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȖȔț ȚȈȕȞț Țȍȕȍȑ ȚȈȒ ȐșȒțșȕȖ ǻȗȘțȋȐȝ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȧ ȒȈȔ-
ȕȍȔ ǹȚȘȈșȚȤȦ ȕȍ ȒȈșȈȦȚșȧ ȗȍșȟȐȕȖȒ ȊȍȒȈȔȐ ȋȕȍȏȌȧȡȐȝșȧ Ȋ ȏȈșȚȣȊȠȍȔ Țȍ-
ȓȍ ȍȋȖ
ǲȖȓȍȕȐ ǪȈȠȐ ȒȈȒ ȉȍȓȖșȕȍȎȕȈȧ ȗȘȧȓȒȈ ǹțȔȍȘȍȒ ȉțȌțȚ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚȈȚȤ ȎȍȓȈȕȤȧ Ȑ
ǻȓȣȉȒȈ ǰȌȏȈȕȈȔȐ22 ȥȚȖȑ ȊȓȈȌȣȟȐȞȣ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȉȘȣȏȋ ȐșȚȓȍȊȠȍȑ Ȋ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȝ ȘȖȌȈȝ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ șȣȕȈ-ȉȖȋȈ Ƕȋȕȧ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȖȊȖȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ ȉȣȓ ȐȏȘțȉ-
ȓȍȕ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȣȑ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȐ Ȑ ȔȖȓȕȐȐ ȊȣșȖȚ23;
ǺȖȋȌȈ Ǫȣ ȗȖȊȍȌȈȍȚȍ șȚȘȈșȚȤ ȕȈ șțȔȍȘȍȟȕȖȑ ȘȈȌțȋȍ — ȔȖșȚȐȒȍ ǯȍȔȓȐ Ȑ ȕȍȉȍș
ȒȈȒ ȉȖȋȐȕȧ ȊȖȓȕ Ȑ ȗȍȕȣ
ǵȈȠț ǹȓȈȌȖșȚȕțȦ ǯȍȔȓȦ Ȕȣ ȖȚȖȌȊȐȕȍȔ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ǶȕȖȋȖȘȖ24 ȋȌȍ ȔȕȖȋȖ Șȣȉ Ȑ
ȓȦȌȍȑ ȋȌȍ ȒȖȓȖș ȘȐșȈ ȓȍȕȐȊȖ ȊȤȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȘȈșȞȊȍȚȈȍȚ Ȋ ȊȍȕȟȐȒȍ ȔȍȟȚȈȕȐȑ
ȋȌȍ ǹțșȈȕȖȖ ǴȐȒȖȚȖ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȖșȤȔȐȋȐȌȘȖȊȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ș ǵȍțȧȏȊȐȔȣȔ ȝȊȖșȚȖȔ,
ȋȌȍ ȚȈȒ ȔȕȖȋȖ ǻȊȧȌȈȦȡȐȝ ȓȐșȚȤȍȊ Ȑ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȍ ȌȖȘȖȎȒȐ ȉȍșȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖ ȗȤȦ-
ȡȐȍ șȍȘȣȑ ȕȈȗȐȚȖȒ ǰȌȏȈȕȈȋȐ
ǷȖȑȌȍȔ Ȋ ȕȈȠț ȉȍȓțȦ ǯȍȔȓȦ Ȋ ȌȈȓȤȕȦȦ șȒȈȏȒț ȋȘȍȏ ȔȖȧ ȘȖȌȕȈȧ ǯȐȕȍȖ-șȈȕ,
ǿȈȘȈȔȐ ȕȖȟȍȑ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȕȈȧ ȌȖȟȤ ǬȔȈȚȍȘȈșț ǶȔȐȒȈȔȐ25, ȒȈȎȌȈȧ ȒȈȗȓȧ ȒȘȖȊȐ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȚȖȟȒȈ ǹȖȓȕȞȈ
ǲȈȎȌȈȧ ȎȐȓȒȈ — ȓțȟ șȊȍȚȓȣȑ ȐȏȕȍȎȍȕȕȣȑ
ǲȈȎȌȣȑ ȠȈȋ — ȕȐȚȤ ȘȈȌțȎȕȖȑ ǵȈȌȍȎȌȣ
ǷȖȑȌȍȔ ǻȎȍ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȍ ǫȖȓțȉȐ ǰșȍ26 șȗțșȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ǰȖȔț Ȋ ȥȚț ǹȚȘȈȕț ȕȖȟȐ Ȑ

174
ȚȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȌȣȝȈ
ǺȍȕȐ ȘȖȌȧȚ șȗȓȍȚȈȧșȤ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȏȖȘȐ Ȋ ǰșȚȖȔȍ ȗȍȊțȟȍ șȖȌȘȖȋȈȧșȤ
ǪȈȠȍ ǲȐȔȖȕȖ — ȓȍș ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȣȝ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȑ — ȧ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȓ ȓȈȏțȘȤȦ ȕȈȌ ȕȖȊȣȔ
ȔȐȘȖȔ ȋȘȍȏ
IV
ǬȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ǪȈȠȐ ȘțȒȐ
ǬȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȥȚȐ ȋȘȖȏȌȐ ȌȐȒȖȋȖ ȊȐȕȖȋȘȈȌȈ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ șȝȊȈȚȒȍ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȑ
ǬȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȊȌȖȝȕțȚȤ ȥȚȐ ȓȍȗȍșȚȒȐ ǹȈȒțȘȣ27, ȖșȚȘȖȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȍ ȒȈȒ Ȕȍȟ ǹȈȔțȘȈȧ28,
șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȍ șȖ șȚȍȉȓȍȔ ȓȐȠȤ șȚȘȈșȚȕȣȔ ȈȘȖȔȈȚȖȔ
ǬȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȥȚț ȗȧȚȐșȚȘțȕȕțȦ ǫțȓȤȌȍȘț28 ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȖ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕțȦ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȉȍȏțȔ-
ȕțȦ ȌȈȑȚȍ
ȇ ȚȧȕțșȤ Ȓ ȕȐȔ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȟȈȘțȦȡȐȑ ȟȈș ǯȈȘȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȞȐȒȈȌȈ — ǫȖȘȕȐșȚ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȌȈ-
ȘȐȚ Ȋ ȐșȚȖȔȍ ȏȊțȒȐ ȘȈȕȕȐȝ ȟȈȘ
ǯȈ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȈȔȐ ȖȉȓȍȋȈȦȡȐȝ ȋȖȘ ȗȘȖȉțȎȌȈȍȚșȧ ȐșȚȖȔȈ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȑ ȕȖȟȐ Ȑ șȖȗȘȖ-
ȊȖȎȌȈȍȚ ȚȍȕȐ ȋȘȍȏȣ șȕȣ ȕȈ ȖȚȌȣȝ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȊȊȣșȤ Ȋ ȉȍȏȉȘȍȎȤȍ Ȓ
ȏȈȋȈȌȒȍ ȚȈȑȕ
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȔȖȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȟȐȚȈȦȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȚȖȟȒȐ ȕȍȉȍș — ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȗȖȓȕȖȓțȕȐȑ Ȑ ȊȍșȤ
ȧ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȑ ȎȈȎȌțȡȐȑ ǻȚȘȍȕȕȐȑ ȚȧȕțșȤ Ȓ ǪȈȔ ȔȖȧ ǯȐȕȍȖ-șȈȕ
ǴȖȧ ȒȘȖȝȖȚȕȈȧ ȐȏȓȖȔȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȕȈȘȧȎȍȕȕȈȧ Ȋ ȐȏȋȐȉȣ ȒȘȈșȖȒ ȔȈȓȦȚȒȈ ȊȖșȚȖȟ-
ȕȣȝ ȜȍȍȘȐȑ
ǬȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ǪȈȠȐ ȘțȒȐ
ȇ ȘȈȏȌȊȐȕțȓ șȚȍȕȣ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȐȋȘțȠȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȗȈȓȈȞȞȖ Ȑ șȗȓȍȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȘȐșțȕȒȐ
șȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȔȍȑ Ȑ ȔȍȌțȏ.
ȇ ȝȖȟț ȟȚȖȉȣ ǪȈȠȐ ȘțȒȐ ȖȚȌȈȓȐșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ ȝȘȍȉȚȍ ȏȔȍȐȕȣȝ ȎȈȓ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȍȌȈȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȌȐȊȕȖȑ ȔțȏȣȒȍ șȚȘȈșȚȐ
ȇ ȖȒțȚȈȓ ȚȍȓȖ ȔȖȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȔȖȊȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȊțȓȒȈȕȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȒȘȈȚȍȘȍ ȚȍȕȧȔȐ Ȑ ȓțȟȈ-
ȔȐ ȖșȍȕȕȐȝ ǹțȔȍȘȍȒ
ȅȚȖȋȖ ȚȈȒ ȐȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǪȈȔȐ ȟȈșȈ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȋ ȒțȗȍȓȐ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȋȖ șȐȧȕȐȧ
ǷȖȧșȕȐȞȈ ȔȖȧ ȖȉȊȐȚȈ ȉȓȍșȒȖȔ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȐșȚȖȋȖ ǳȈȕȞȍȏȖ Ȑ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȊȍȚȘț ȘȈȏȊȍ-
ȊȈȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒ ȔțȌȘȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȎȘȍȞȈ ǹȐȕȚȖ Ȋ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȑ ȘȖȡȍ ǲȈȕȌțȏȐ
ǪȍșȤ ȧ ȒȈȒ șȖȚȒȈȕȕȣȍ ȕȍȋȖȑ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȘȈȏțȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȔȍșȚȐȓȐȡ Ȍȓȧ ǪȈȠȐȝ
ȗȤȧȕȣȝ ȘțȒ Ȑ ȟȈȌȕȣȝ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȊ
ȇ ȝȖȟț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȒȖȓȣȝȈȓȖșȤ ȚȍȓȖ ȔȖȍ ȖȚ ȎȈȓȈ ǪȈȠȐȝ ȖșȚȘȖȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȝ șȚȘțȕ.
ǬȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ǪȈȠȐ ȘțȒȐ
ǶȕȐ ȏȈȌȊȐȋȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȈȕȞȍ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȣȝ țșȚȈȓȣȝ ȋȘȍȏ
ǶȕȐ ȉȓȍȌȕȍȦȚ ȒȈȒ șȍȘȗ ȓțȕȕȖȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ ȗȘȍșȣȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȖȟȕȖȦ ȓȈșȒȖȑ
ǩȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȖ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȧșȤ ȖȕȐ ȘȣȌȈȦȚ ȗȘȖȚȧȎȕȖ șȓȈȌȖșȚȘȈșȚȕȖ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȖȏȊțȟȕȖ
ǶȕȐ ȚȈȕȞțȦȚ «ȅȒșȚȈȏ» ȟȍȘȚȧ ȒȘțȋ ȉȈȉȖȟȍȒ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȐșȚȣȝ Ȗȋȕȍȑ
ǬȈȑȉțȞț ȘȈșȠȐȘȐȓ șȊȖȐ ȏȈșȚȣȊȠȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȋ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȍ ȗȓȧșȒȐ
ǹȈȔȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȖȗȘȍȒȓȖȕȍȕȕȈȧ Ǫȣ ȗȖȌȈȘȐȓȐ ȍȔț ȚȈȑȕț ǪȈȠȐȝ ȘțȒ ȟȈȘȣ ǪȈȠȐȝ ȕȍ-
ȖȉțȏȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȊ

175
ǪȍȘȝȖȊȕȣȑ ȎȘȍȞ ǲȈȋȈȚȈȔȈ ȏȖȊȍȚ ǪȈș
ǺȍȕȤ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȕȤȧ Ȋ ȝȘȈȔȍ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ǪȈȠȐ ȘțȒȐ
ǬȘȍȊȕȐȍ ȒȖȊȘȣ Ȑȏ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȘȖșȚȕȐȒȈ ȗȤȦȚ șȓȈȌȖșȚȤ ǪȈȠȐȝ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȊ
ǰ ȊȗȐȚȣȊȈȧ ȊȓȈȋț ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȚ ȘȖșț șȚȈȘȣȝ ǯȖȘȤ Ȋ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑ șȒȈȏȖȟȕȖȑ șȚȘȈ-
ȕȍ
ǬȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ǪȈȠȐ ȘțȒȐ...
V
ǬȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ǪȈȠ ȘȖȚ29...
ǩȍȓȖșȕȍȎȕȣȍ ȒȖȘȈȓȓȣ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȕȣ ȒȈȒ șȚȘȖȑȕȈȧ șȚȘȈȎȈ ȘȈȑșȒȐȝ ȊȘȈȚ
ǲȈȒ ȝȐȡȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȓȍȖȗȈȘȌȈ ț ȗȍȡȍȘȣ ȝȘȈȕȧȡȐȍ ȏȈȒȖȓȌȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ ȧȉȓȖȒȖ
ǬȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ǪȈȠȐ ȋțȉȣ ȉȍȏ ȗȖȞȍȓțȧ ȥȚȖȑ ȚȈȑȕȣ ȗȘȐȠȍȓȤȞȍȊ30 ȗȍȗȍȓȧȡȐȍșȧ
Ȋ șȝȊȈȚȒȍ Ȗȋȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȖȓȍȞ ȎȍȓȈȕȤȧ
ǬȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȥȚț ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕțȦ ȌȖȘȖȎȒț Ȓ ȏȊțȒȈȔ Ȑ ȕȈȗȍȊȈȔ
ǰȏȖȋȕțȚȣȔ ȊȍȕȟȐȒȖȔ Ȓ ȒȓȈȌț ȋȘȍȏ Ȑ șȒȈȏȖȒ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ǻȋȓȣ ǪȈȠȍȋȖ ȚȈȑȕȐ-
ȒȈ
ǲȚȖ ȏȈȒȖȓȌȖȊȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȟȈȌȕȣȍ ȟȈȘȣ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȓțȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȓțȌȘȧȏȕȧȡȍȋȖ ǸȖȚȐ-
ȒȈ"
ǪȒțșȐȓ ȓȐ Ȗȕ ȚȖȔȕȣȑ ȞȊȍȚȖȒ ȓȈȉȍȕȌȖȕȍ ȕȈȊȍȒȐ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȑ șȊȖȑ ȈȘȖȔȈȚ Ȑ
ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ"
ǲȖșȕțȓȈșȤ ȓȐ ǶȘȝȐȌȍȧ ȥȚȖȚ ȉȍșșȚȣȌȕȍȑȠȐȑ ȞȊȍȚȖȟȕȣȑ ǹȈȔȍȞ ȕȍȎȕȖȑ ȊȓȈȋȐ
ǪȈȠȐȝ ȗȤȧȕȣȝ ǻșȚ"
ǳȈșȒȈȓșȧ ȓȐ ȗȍȘȚȖȠȐ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȣȑ șȚȍȉȍȓȍȒ ȊȣșȒȈȒȐȊȈȦȡȐȑ Ȋ ȔȐȘ ǹȖȓȕȞȈ
ȓȐȠȤ ȘȈȏ
ǿȚȖȉȣ ȐșșțȠȐȚȤ șȊȖȦ șȚȘȈșȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȧȟțȡȐȑșȧ ȕȈ șȖȚȕȐ ȊȍȒȖȊ ȒȈȒ ȋȘȍȠ-
ȕȐȒ ǷȘȖȗȈșȚȐ?
ǳȈșȒȈȓșȧ ȓȐ ȥȚȖȚ ȓțȟ ȎȍȓȈȕȤȧ Ȓ ǪȈȠȐȔ șȖȟȕȣȔ ȉȍȏȌȖȕȕȣȔ ȋȘȍȏȈȔȐ ȘȈș-
ȞȊȍȚȠȐȔ ȋțȉȈȔ"
ǬȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ǪȈȠ ȘȖȚ ȕȍ ȊȍȌȈȊȠȐȑ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȈ ȓȈșȒȐ
ȇ ȗȘȖȠț ǪȈș ȒȈȒ ȌȘȍȊȕȧȧ ǹȈȓȖȔȍȧ ȔȖȓȐȓȈ ȘȖȚ ǷȘȖȘȖȒȈ
ȇ ȝȖȟț ȊȒțșȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȏȘȍȓȣȑ ȗȓȖȌ ȒȈȒ ȌȍȊșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȏȈȒȈȚ
ǲȈȒ ȘȈșȗțșȚȐȊȠțȦșȧ ǿȈȠȍȟȒț ȊȐȠȕȐ Ȋ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈȘȕȖȑ ǹȚȘȈȕȍ ǶȊȈȘȐ
ǴȍȎȌț ȖȉȓȈȒȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȋȓȣȉȣ șȒȈȓ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȗȓȣȊțȡȐȍ Ȋ Ȋȣșȧȝ
ȇ ȊȐȎț Ȗȋȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȐȚȐ ȚȈȒ ȗȈțȚȐȕȕȖ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȚȧȕțȡȐȍșȧ Ȓ ǹȖȓȕȞț Ȑ
ȗȤȦȡȐȍ șȚȘȈșȚȤ ȓțȟȍȑ ȚȈȒ ȎȈȌȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍȕȈșȣȚȕȖ
ȇ Ȋ ȗȖȐșȒȈȝ ȌȐȊȕȖȑ ȔȍȓȖȌȐȐ ȉȓțȎȌȈȦ ȗȖ ȔȐȘȈȔ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȔ Ȑ ȟȈȘȖȌȍȑșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ
ȇ Ȋ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȋȖȓȖȌȍ ȉȘȖȎț ȗȖ țȋȓȈȔ ǪȈȠȍȋȖ ǹȓȈȌȖșȚȘȈșȚȕȖȋȖ ȘȚȈ Ȑ ȔȖȓȦ
«ǬȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȍȋȖ»...
Ǫ ȝȘȈȔȍ ǹȐȕȚȖ ǹțȔȘȈȟȕȖȑ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȍ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ǲȈȘȗțșȐ ȧ ȌȖȊȍȘȧȦ ȗȍ-
ȟȈȓȤ ȔȖȦ ȒȈȒ șțȔȍȘȒȈȔ ȊȟȍȘȈȠȕȍȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ǫȣ ȚȐȝȖ ȋȘțșȚȧ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ
ȕȈȗȍȊȈȓȐ Ȑ ȕȈ șȒȓȈȌȒȈȝ ǸȚȈ ȏȈșȚȣȊȈȓȐ ȓȍȌȧȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȐ ǹȚȘȈșȚȕȣȝ ȌȍȘ-
ȏȈȕȐȑ

176
ǯȈȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ Ȗșȓȍȗȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȧ ȚȧȕțșȤ Ȓ ǪȈȔ — ǯȐȕȍȖ-șȈȕ
ǪȖșȚȖȟȕȈȧ ȋȓȣȉȈ ȕȍȎȕȖȋȖ Ȗȋȕȧ
ǽȖȓȖȌȕȈȧ ǰșȒȘȈ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȎȐȊȖȋȖ ȎȍȓȈȕȤȧ
ǹȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȜȈȒȍȓ șȘȍȌȐ ȘȈȏȉȘȖșȈȕȕȣȝ ȒȖȘȈȓȓȖȊ Ǽȍȧ ȗȍȊțȟȐȝ ȌȖȘȖȎȍȒ Ȑ ȔȖȓȦ
«ȌȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ǪȈȠ ȋȘȍȠȕȣȑ ȘȖȚ ȕȍ ȊȍȌȈȊȠȐȑ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȈ ȓȈșȒȐ»...
VI
ǵȍȉȖ ȗȖșȣȗȈȕȖ ȗȍȗȓȖȔ șȍȘȣȔ ȕȈȗȐȚȒȖȔ șȊȐȘȍȗȖȋȖ ȉȖȋȈ ǵȐȖ31;
ǷȖ șȍȘȌȞț ǳȈȏțȘȐ ȗȖȓȏțȚ ȟȍȠțȑȟȈȚȣȍ ȏȔȍȐȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȖȉȓȈȒȈ Ȑ
ǹ ȋȕȍȊȖȔ ȉȘȖșȈȦȚ ȎȈȓȖ ȕȈ ȉȍȓțȦ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȍȕȐȚ ȗȍșȟȐȕȒȐ
ǰ ȟȍȘȕȍȦȚ ȖȚ șȓȍȏ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȍ ǰșȒȘȣ Ȑȝ ǫȓȈȏ
ǯȖȓȖȚȈȧ ȘȖșȈ ȐȓȐ ȔȈȓȣȑ ȝȖȓȖȌ ȗȘȐȓȍȚȍȓȐ Ȓ ȕȈȔ Ȑȏ ǹȚȘȈȕ ǰȖȔȣ Ȑ ȉțȘȓȧȚ
ǼȖȕ Ȑȏ ǹȚȘȐȎȍȕȖȋȖ ȉȈȘȝȈȚȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȋȖȘȣ ȕȈȠȍȑ
ǶȌȐȕȖȒȈȧ ȊȐȠȕȧ ȖȚ ȝȖȓȖȌȈ șȎȐȔȈȍȚșȧ șȐȘȖȚȓȐȊȖȑ ȔȈȓȦȚȒȖȑ Ȑ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȍȚ ȟțȚ-
ȒȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȍȍ;
ǷȖ șȚȘțȧȔ ȏȓȣȝ ȊȖȌ ȧ ȠȈȋȈȦ Ȓ ǪȈȔ Ȓ ȠȈȚȘț ǪȈȠȍȔț ȔȖȧ ǯȐȕȍȖ-șȈȕ
ǵȈ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȐȑ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ ȕȈȠ ǹȈȕ-ǹȈȕ-Ȓț-ȌȖ32,
Ǵȣ ȉțȌȍȔ ȖȚȗȐȊȈȚȤ ȕȈȠȐ ȌȍȊȧȚȤ ȉȖȒȈȓȖȊ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȎȌȈȧ ȒȈȗȓȧ ȉțȌȍȚ ȘȈȑ-
șȒȐȔ ȕȈȗȐȚȒȖȔ ȉȓȈȎȍȕșȚȊȈ
ǩȓȍȌȕȣȔ ǳȖȚȖșȖȔ ȧ țȉȍȘț ȚȖȚ ǻȋȖȓȖȒ ȋȌȍ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȠȈȋ ǪȈȠ ȚȖȔȕȖ ȗȘȐșȓȖȕȐȚ-
șȧ ȖȚ ȎȍȓȈȕȤȧ
ȇ ȗȖȊȍȓȦ ǳȖȚȖșț ȏȈȔȒȕțȚȤ ȟȈȠȍȟȒț-ȋȓȈȏȈ șȊȖȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ șȚȣȌȐȚȤ ǪȈȠț ȕȈȋțȦ
ȌȍȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ
ǷȓȍȟȐ ǳȖȚȖșȈ ǻșȓȈȌȖȑ ȖȉȖȊȤȦȚ ǪȈș Ȋ ȔȐȋ ȌțȘȔȈȕȈ Ȑ ȊȖȌȧȕȈȧ ȓȐȓȐȧ ȉțȌȍȚ
ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȍȐȏȊȍȌȈȕȕȖȑ ȍȡȍ ǪȈȔȐ ȓȈșȒȖȑ
ǲȈȒ ȉȘȣȏȋȐ ȋȘțȌȐ ȕȐȔȜ ȌȘȈȏȕȧȚ
ǺȘȐ ȓȍȗȍșȚȒȈ ǨȏȈȘțȔȈ ȏȈȔȒȕțȚșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȕȐȞ ǪȈȠȐȝ
ǰ ȎȐȊȣȔ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍȔ șȊȖȐȔ ȉțȌțȚ ȏȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ǵȐȘȊȈȕț
Ǵȣ ȏȈȉțȌȍȔ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȔ șȒȈȏȖȟȕȖȔ ȠȈȚȘȍ Ȗ șȚȘțȑȒȈȝ ȗȖȓȏțȟȐȝ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȔȖȧ ǲȈȖ-
Șț33, ȔȖȧ ǯȐȕȍȖ-șȈȕ
ǬțȠȐșȚȈȧ ȉȍȓȈȧ ȗȚȐȟȒȈ ȔȖȍȑ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ
ǯȕȖȑȕȖȑ ȕȍȋȖȑ ȧ ȏȈȒȘțȎț ȉȍȌȘȈ ǪȈȠȐ
ǰ ȒȈȒ ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȑ ȗȐȖȕ ȘȈȕȕȍȑ ȊȍșȕȖȑ ȌȈȘȐȚ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȉȈȔȉțȒț
ǶȌțȘȔȈȕȐȊȈȧ Ȑ ȖȗȤȧȕȧȧ ȕȐȊț șȊȖȐȔ ȚȍȗȓȖȔ Ȑ ȘȖșȐșȚȖȑ ȊȓȈȋȖȑ,
ǺȈȒ ȧ ȖȘȖȠț ǪȈȠț șȐȘȍȕȍȊțȦ ȚȘȖȗȐȕȒț ȏȈȘȖșȠțȦ ȒȈȒ ȞȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȖȘȌȣȑ
ȓȍș
ǷȖ țȗȘțȋȖ-ȘȈșșȚțȗȈȦȡȍȑșȧ ȗȖȌ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊșȒȖȑ ǸțȒȖȑ ȒȈȒ șȓȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȋȐȉȒȖ ȉȈȦȒȈȍȚ
ȗȐȖȕ ȔȖȑ ǪȈȠț ȊȍșȍȕȕȦȦ ȚȘȖȗȐȕȒț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȦȡțȦșȧ șȓȖȊȕȖ
ǶȏȍȘȖ ȖȚ ȓȍȌȧȕȕȣȝ ȖȒȖȊ
Ǫȣ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȍȚȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȋ ȌȘȍȔȖȚȕȖȑ ȐșȚȖȔȍ ȖȗȤȧȕȧȧșȤ ȊȓȈȋȖȑ
ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȗȘȐȟțȌȣ ȔțȏȣȒȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȐȋȘȣ Ȋȣ-
ȗȖȓȕȧȦȚșȧ ȕȖ ȏȊțȒȐ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȕȣ

177
ǿȚȖȉȣ ȕȍȔȈȧ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȖșȊȧȚȐȓȈ ȥȚȐ ȟȈȘȣ ȌȐȊȕȖȑ ǹȐȔȜȖȕȐȐ
ȇ șȓȣȠț ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ǪȈȠȐȝ ȕȖȋ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȕȖȑ ǹȈȔȐșȍȕ34....
ǺȘȐ șȚȘțȕȣ ȚȘȐ ǯȊțȒȈ...
ȓȍȌ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ ȉȍȓȈȧ ȗȚȐȟȒȈ ȔȖȧ ȏȈȚȘȍȗȍȚȈȓȈ
...ȓȍȌ șȓȐȓșȧ ș ȊȍșȍȕȕȐȔ ȗȖȚȖȒȖȔ Ȑ ȚȍȗȓȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓ
ǴȖȧ ȖȌțȘȔȈȕȍȕȕȈȧ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓȈ șȚȖȕ șȟȈșȚȤȧ .....
....... ȒȘȈșȕȈȧ ȊȐȠȕȍȊȈȧ ȒȈȗȓȧ ȕȐȊȈ ȗȤȧȕȖ ȖȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ
ǴȖȧ ȌțȠȐșȚȈȧ ȔȖȧ ȊȍȟȕȖ Ȋȍșȍȕȕȧȧ ǯȐȕȍȖ-șȈȕ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ ȌȐȊȕȣȔ ȏȊțȒȖȔ Ȑ
ȏȈșȚȣȓȈ
VII
ǬȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ǪȈȠȐ ȋȘțȌȐ
ǬȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȥȚȐ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȍ șȒȈȓȣ-ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ Ȋ ȉȍȏȉȘȍȎȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȏȈ-
ȚȍȘȧȊȠȐȍșȧ
ǵȍȔȣȍ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȍ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚȍȕȕȣȍ ȐȋȘȐȊȖȑ ȓțȟȍȊȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȎȒȖȑ
ǲȈȒȐȍ ȉȘȣȏȋȐ ȊȖȓȕ ȗȖȌȒȘȈȌȣȊȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȔ ȌȈȘȣ-ȎȍȔȟțȎȐȕȣ ȐȔ ȗȘȐȕȖ-
șȐȓȐ
ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȓȈȏ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȔȖȘșȒȐȔȐ ȊȍȚȘȈȔȐ ȏȈȋȖȘȈȓȐșȤ ȖȚ ȥȚȐȝ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȝ ȚȖ-
ȟȍȒ ȔȐȋȈȦȡȐȝ Ȑ ȌȘȈȏȕȧȡȐȝ ȗȍȘȍȓȐȊȈȔȐ ǯȖȘȤ
ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗțȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȖȚȊȈȎȕȣȝ ǯțȌȖȔ ȊȖȓȕ ȗȘȐȗȓȣȊȈȓȐ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȕȖ ȌȐȒȖ ȖȏȐ-
ȘȈȧșȤ
ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȓȐȚȊ ǩȖȋȖȊ ǹȖȓȕȞ ǹȖȏȊȍȏȌȐȑ șȓȣȝȈȓȐ ȥȚȐ ǹȒȈȓȣ-ǶșȚȘȖȊȈ ȕȍȔȣȍ,
ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȍ Ȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȍ...
...ǬȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ǪȈȠȐ ȋȘțȌȐ...
ǪȖȌȖȘȖșȓȍȑ ȕȍȋȐ ȈȘȖȔȈȚȖȊ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȓȐ ȐȔ ȕȈ ȟȍȓȕȈȝ ȌȈȓȤȕȐȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȐȒȐ
ǲ ȝȘȍȉȚț Ȓ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȖȑ ȚȖȟȒȍ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȣ ȋȖȘ ȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊșȦ ȌȘȍȔȖȚȕțȦ
ȏȍȔȓȦ ȖȉȢȧȚȤ
ǺȖȟȒȈȔȐ-ȒȘȈȗȐȕȒȈȔȐ țșȚȓȈȕ ȗțȚȤ ȋȌȍ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȌȍȘȏȒȐȝ ȗȖȋȐȉȈȓȐ
ǰ ș ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȉȍȓȣȝ șȒȈȓ șȔȍȠȈȓȐșȤ șȚȖȕȣ Ȑȝ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȑ
ǲȈȒ țȏȖȘȣ ȌȐȊȕȣȝ șȈȌȖȊ ȚȈȒ ȘȈȏțȒȘȈȠȍȕȣ ȌȖȘȖȎȒȐ ȌȍȘȏȈȕȐȧȔȐ ȊȖȓȤȕȣȝ Șȣ-
ȞȈȘȍȑ...
ǬȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ǪȈȠȐ ȋȘțȌȐ...
ȇ ȊȗȓȍȚț Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȝȘȐȏȈȕȚȍȔȣ ș ȓȍȗȍșȚȒȈȔȐ ȞȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȋȖȘȌȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȐ
ȇ șȖȋȘȍȦ Ȑȝ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍȔ ǫȈȌȐȚȈȕșȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȈ ȕȍȋȐ
ǵȈ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȕȖșȚȧȝ ȥȚȖȑ ȟȈȌȕȖȑ ǯȍȔȓȐ ȧ ȊȖȏȌȊȐȋȕț ȝȘȈȔ ȉȖȋț ǲȘȈȚȍȘȖȊ ȉȖȋț
Ƕȋȕȧ
ǰ ȏȈșȚȣȊȠȐȔȐ Ȋ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȔ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȕȖȔ ȥȒșȚȈȏȍ ȋțȉȈȔȐ
ȇ ȉțȌț ȊȖșȗȍȊȈȚȤ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȍ ǪȈȠȍ ȔȖȧ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȈȧ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȈȧ ǹȓȈȌȖșȚȕȈȧ ǯȐȕȍȖ-
șȈȕ șȘȍȌȐ ȉȍȏȉȘȍȎȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ȇ ȖȉȘțȟțșȤ ș ȊțȓȒȈȕȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȓȈȊȐȕȖȑ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȚȈȒ ȟȈșȚȖ șȖȌȘȖȋȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȚȘȍ-
ȗȍȚȍ ǹȓȈȌȖșȚȘȈșȚȕȖȑ ǰșȚȖȔȣ ǪȈȠȐ Ƕȋȕȍȕȕȣȍ ǯȍȔȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚȍȕȕȣȍ ȐȋȘȐ-
ȊȖȑ ȓțȟȐșȚȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȎȒȖȑ

178
ǬȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ǪȈȠȐ ȋȘțȌȐ.....
ǸȈȏȉȐȚȣȑ ȉțȘȍȑ ȊȍȌȖȔȣȑ ȊȍȚȘȈȔȐ ȚȘȍȊȖȋ ȐșȚȖȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȖ ȗȍȊțȟȐȑ
ȇ ȊȏȖȘȣ ȔȖȐ ȗȖȓȕȣȍ ǹȓȈȌȖșȚȕȣȝ ȗȘȍȌȊȒțȠȍȕȐȑ ȒȈȒ șȚȘȍȓȣ ǲȈȘȖȓȓȖ
ǩȘȖșȈȦ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȍȕț ȗȘȐȉȘȍȎȕȖȑ ȊȖȓȕȣ Ȓ șȍȘȌȞț ǪȈȠȐȝ ȕȐȒȍȔ ȕȍ ȘȈșȗȈȝȈȕȕȣȝ
ȗȖȓȍȑ Ȑ ȔȖȓȦ
....«ǬȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ǪȈȠȐ ȉȍȓȣȍ șȒȈȓȣ
Ǫ ȕȍȌȘȈȝ Ȑȝ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȈ ȊșȍȋȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ
ǹȗȘȧȚȈȕȖ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ǻȋȈșȠȐȝ ǹȖȓȕȞ
ǺȈȔ ȦȚȧȚșȧ ȗȖȚțȝȠȐȍ ȗȖȓȕȖȓțȕȐȧ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȔȐȘȖȊ.
Ǫ ȘȈșȞȊȍȚȠȍȔ ȊȍȕȟȐȒȍ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ǯȍȕȐȚȍ ȗȈȓȧȡȍȋȖ ǹȖȓȕȞȈ ȚȈȑȕȈ ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȐȧ Ȋȍȟ-
ȕȖ ȎȐȊȖȋȖ ȗȍȘșȐȒȈ
ǬȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ǪȈȠȐ ǫȘțȌȐ.»
VIII
ǻȏȖȘȟȈȚȣȔ ȊȍȍȘȖȔ ȖȗțșȒȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȚțȔȈȕ,
ȅȚȐ ǯȍȊȒȐ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ Ȝȍȑ ȚȈȒ ȗȈțȚȐȕȕȖ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȚȖȔȕȖ ȖȗțșȒȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȕȣȍ
ȊȍȘȠȐȕȣ
ǶȉȊȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ șȒȈȓȐșȚȣȝ ȝȘȍȉȚȖȊ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ țȗȐȊȈȧșȤ ȐșȚȖȔȖȑ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȕȐȧ
ǷȖȌ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȖȔ șȊȖȐȝ ȉȍȓȣȝ ǳȍȋȒȐȝ ȖȌȍȧȕȐȑ ȖȕȐ ȓȈșȒȈȦȚ ȊȓȈȎȕțȦ ȖȚ ȏȕȖȑ-
ȕȣȝ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȑ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȑ ȗȤȦȚ ǹȓȈȌȖșȚȤ șțȔȍȘȍȟȕȣȝ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ
ǯȍȊȒȐ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ Ȝȍȑ ȊșȦ ȓȈȏțȘȤ ȕȍȉȍș ȖȕȐ ȖȉȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȚȧȕțȚșȧ ȊȊȣșȤ Ȓ ǩȖȋȈȔ Ȑ
ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȓ ȞȊȍȚȖȟȕȣȔ ȕȐȊȈȔ
ǶȊȓȈȌȍȊ ȒȘȈșȖȦ Ȋșȍȝ ȔȐȘȖȊ ȖȕȐ ȐȏȕȍȎȍȕȕȣȍ țȚȖȕȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȍ ȒȈȒ
ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȕȞȍșș ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȍȑ
ǩȓțȎȌȈȦȚ ȗȖ ȚȘȖȗȐȕȒȈȔ ǯȍȔȍȓȤ Ȑ ǵȍȉȍș ȊșȦȌț ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȧ ȚȈȑȕț ȘȐȚȔȈ Ȑ ȒȘȈ-
șȖȟȕȣȝ ȜȍȍȘȐȑ
ǲȈȒȐȍ ȌȐȊȕȣȍ ǹțȔȍȘȒȐ
ǺȍȕȐ șȗȓȍȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖșȕȍȎȕȣȝ ȖȌȍȧȕȐȧȝ ȚțȔȈȕȈ
ǰ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȍșțȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȐȝȘȍ ȚȈȕȞȍȊ ȋȖȘȕȣȍ ȌțȝȐ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȦȡȐȍ ȉȍșșȔȍȘ-
ȚȐȍȔ
ǰȓȐ ȗȓȣȊțȡȐȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȐȋȘȈȦȡȐȍ ȕȈ ȓȦȚȕȧȝ Ȑ ȜȓȍȑȚȈȝ
Ǩ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȐ Ȋ ȗȍȟȈȓȐ ȕȈȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȚȈȕȞțȦȚ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȓȤȊȐ-
ȕȣȑ ȚȈȕȍȞ ȟȈșȈ ǹȔȍȘȚȐ Ǭȕȧ Ȑ ȕȖȟȤ șȗțșȒȈȍȚșȧ ș ǨȌȈȔȈȕȚȍ35 Ȋ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȍ
ȝȖȘȖȔȣ ǶȝȖȌȏțȞȐȕȖ-ȕȈȔȐ36
ǷȖȒȓȖȕȈȔȐ ȒȐȊȒȈȔȐ țȊȍȕȟȈȕ ȗțȚȤ
ǫȌȍ Ǫȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ"
ǵȈȘȧȎȍȕȕȈȧ Ȋ ǲȐȔȖȕȖ ǹțȔȍȘȍȒ ȋȌȍ ȌȐȊȕȣȍ ȗȈȓȤȔȣ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȍ Ȑ ȚȍȕȐșȚȣȍ ȏȈ-
ȓȐȚȣ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ ȌȕȍȊȕȖȋȖ ȉȓȍșȒȈ Ȋ ȊȍȘȝțȠȒȈȝ Ȑȝ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ șȓȍ-
ȏȈ țȋȈșȈȦȡȐȝ ȓțȟȍȑ.
Ǫ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ǪȈȠȐȝ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȌȐȊȕȣȝ ȏȊțȒȈȝ ȚȖȔȕȖ ȚȖȕȍȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȉȓȍșȒ ȏȈ-
ȒȈȚȈ
ǲȈȒ Ȋ ȒȖȓȣȉȍȓȐ ȊȖȌ ȔȖȘȍȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ Ȍȕȧ

ǳȦȉȐȔȐȞȈ ȉȖȋȖȊ ȕȈȐȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȍȑȠȈȧ ȔȐȒȒȖ37 ȔȖȧ ȔȖȧ ǯȐȕȍȖ-șȈȕ
ȇ ȎȈȎȌț șȖȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȚȈȑȕ Ȋ ȟȈș șțȔȍȘȍȟȕȣȑ Ȍȕȧ
ǬȖȘȖȋț ǪȈȠț ȧ țȉȍȘț ǪȐșȚȈȘȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ǳȏȈȓȐȧȔȐ38;
ǴȐȈȒȈȉȈȔȈ39 ȈȘȖȔȈȚȖȔ ǹțȔȍȘȍȒ ȕȈȗȖȍȕȕȈȧ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȤȧȕȖ ȒȘțȎȐȚȤșȧ ț ȕȖȋ ǪȈ-
ȠȐȝ Ȑ ȓȈșȒȈȚȤ ǻșȚȈȓȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ǻȒțșȐȔȣ40 — ȋȖȘȌȈȧ ȉțȘȧ țȕȖșȐȚ ȞȊȍȚȣ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ șȓțȎȐȚȤ ȒȖȊȘȖȔ Ȍȓȧ ǪȈȠȐȝ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȝ ȚȈȕȞȍȊ ǲȈȋțȘȈ41
ǵȖȟȤ-ȒȖȓȌțȕȤȧ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȚȐȝȖ ȠȍȗȟȍȚ ȏȓȖ ȒȖȓȌțȍȚ.......
ǫȌȍ Ǫȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ"
ȇ ȕȈ ǪȈș ȕȈȉȘȖȠț ǲȈȞțȒȐ-ǯȖȔȈ42, ȔȖȧ ȒȘȖȝȖȚȕȈȧ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈ
Ǫ ȥȚț ȕȖȟȤ ȚȖșȒȐ Ǫȣ ȕȈ ȚȘȖșȚȕȐȒȍ ȒȖȊȘȖȊ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȚȈȑȕȣ ǽȐȌȍȕ Ȑ ǽȐȐȞț43
ǴȖȧ ǩȍȕȚȍȕȍ44 ǽȈȘȈȕ-ǺȈȔȈȕ-ǲȐȖȚȈ-ǺȈȔȈȕ45
ǻ ǲȈȘȈșȐșȐ ȧ șȚȖȦ ȒȖȓȍȕȖȗȘȍȒȓȖȕȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȔȖȓȦ
ǽȈȘȈȕ-ǺȈȔȈȕ-ǲȐȖȚȈ-ǺȈȔȈȕ ȊȍȘȕȐ Ȕȕȍ ȔȖȍ ǹȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȍ ȔȖȑ ȊȍșȍȕȕȐȑ ȞȊȍȚȖȒ
ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȦȦ șȓȍȏț ǳțȟȈ ȔȖȦ ǯȐȕȍȖ-șȈȕ
Ȗ ǬȈȐȔȐȖȌȏȐȕ!!!.......46

1) ǾȊȍȚȖȒ
2) ǳțȕȈ
3) ǪțȓȒȈȕȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ǹȊȧȡȍȕȕȈȧ ȋȖȘȈ ȇȗȖȕȐȐ
4) ǻȒȘȈȠȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȧșȈ șȏȈȌȐ
5) ǷȘȐ ȊȝȖȌȍ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȍȑ Ȋ ȝȘȈȔ ȎȘȍȞ ȏȊȖȕȐȚ Ȋ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓȤȟȐȒ.
6) ǹȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȍ ȓȍȕȚȣ.
7) ǻȓȐȞȈ.
8) ǬȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȍ șȈȕȌȈȓȐȐ.
9) ǫȘțȌȐ
 ǮȍȕșȒȖȍ ȐȔȧ
11) ǬțȠȐșȚȣȍ ȚȘȈȊȣ
12) ǩȖȋ ȊȍȚȘȈ Ȑ ǻȘȈȋȈȕȖȊ.
13) ǷȘțȌ
14) ǴțȏȣȒȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚ
15) ǮȘȍȞ.
16) ǸȣȞȈȘȐ
17) ǩȖȋ ȕȍȉȍș.
18) ǬȍȘȍȊȖ
19) ǩȖȋ ǻȘȈȋȈȕȖȊ ȉȘȈȚ ȉȖȋȐȕȐ ǹȖȓȕȞȈ
20) ǬȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȎȍȘȍȓȤȧ
21) ǩȖȋȐȕȧ ȗȓȧșȖȒ.
22) ǩȖȋȐȕȧ ȊȖȓȕ
23) ǬȘȍȊȕȐȑ ȔȐȜ ȇȗȖȕȐȐ
24) ǾȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ
25) ǩȖȋȐȕȧ ǹȖȓȕȞȈ
26) ǴȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ.
27) ǾȊȍȚȖȒ.
28) ǸȣȞȈȘȤ
29) ǴțȏȣȒȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚ
30) Ǫ ȇȗȖȕȐȐ ȕȍȚ ȗȖȞȍȓțȍȊ
31) ǯȓȖȑ ȉȖȋ
32) ǶȉȘȧȌ ȉȘȈȟȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ
33) ǵȍȎȕȈȧ
34) ǴțȏȣȒȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚ
35) ǵȍȉȍșȈ
36) ǩȖȋ ǯȍȔȓȐ
37) ǪȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȉȖȋȖȊ
38) ǾȊȍȚȣ
39) ǹȐȘȍȕȤ
49) ǾȐȒȓȖȕ
41) ǬȘȍȊȕȐȍ ȚȈȕȞȣ
42) ǷȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȖ Ȍȓȧ ȌȍȊȖȟȍȒ
 ǺȈȑȕȣ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȐȑ Ȑ ǰșȒțșșȚȊȈ
44) ǩȖȋȐȕȧ ȓȦȉȊȐ
45) ǶȉȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ ǴȖȓȐȚȊȣ
46) ǶȉȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȒȖȕȞț ǴȖȓȐȚȊȣ.

ǰȓțȓȒȖȘȠ ǺȎȞȠ
ǷȖșȊȧȡȈȦ
ȗțȋȓȐȊȖȑ-șȔțȚȕȖ ǹȐȕȖȉȍ
Ȑȏ ȔȕȖȋȖȞȊȍȚȕȖȋȖ ǬȖȔȈ
ǩȖȋȈ ǪȍȚȘȈ
ǹǳǽǳǿȀǸǶ ǿǮǸȁǾȉ

ǹȐȕȖȉȍ
ǪȍȒȐ ȘȖȉȒȐȍ ȔȍȘȞȈȦȚ
ǫțȉȣ ȘȌȧȕȣȍ ȌȘȖȎȈȚ

183
ǸȈȏȊȍȘȏȓȐșȤ ȝȘțȗȒȐȍ țșȚȈ
ǹȈȒțȘȣ — șȈȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ
ǰ ȉȓȈȋȖȊȍșȚ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ
ǷȖȘȝȈȦȡȐȝ Ȋ ȊȍȚȊȧȝ
ǪȍȡȈȍȚ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ ȊȍȠȕȐȑ
1
ǪȐȠȕȧ Ȋșȧ Ȋ ȞȊȍȚȈȝ
Ǵȕȍ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ șȖșȍȌȒȐ ȚȈȒ
ǪȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȚȤ
ǵȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȞȊȍȚȣ șȗȈȌțȚ
Ǵȣ țȊȐȌȐȔșȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ
2
ǪȍȚȒț șȈȒțȘȣ
ǸȈșȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȓ ȊȖȘȖȉȍȑ
Ǩx, Ȗȕ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȣȑ —
Ƕȕ ȗȘȖșȣȗȈȓ Ȑȏ ȊȍȚȊȍȑ
ǹȚȈȑȒț ȝȘțȗȒȐȝ ȓȍȗȍșȚȒȖȊ
3
ǩȍȓȣȍ ȞȊȍȚȣ
ǹȈȒțȘȣ ȕȈȊȍȧȓȐ
Ƕ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȕȖȟȈȝ
ǿȚȖ ȞȊȍȚțȚ ȕȈ șȍȊȍȘȍ
ǵȍȎȌȈȕȕȣȍ ȔȍȟȚȣ
4
ǩȍȓȈȧ ȊȍșȕȈ
ǸȈșȞȊȍȚȈȦȡȍȋȖ șȕȈ
ǩȓȍȡȍȚ ȉȍȓȐȏȕȈ

184
5
Ǻȣ — ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȑ ȌȖȎȌȤ
ǲȈȗȓȐ ȖșȚȘȣȍ ȚȊȖȐ
ǩȤȦȚșȧ Ȗ ȞȊȍȚȣ
6
ǲȘȣȓȤȧ ȓȍȗȍșȚȒȐ
Ǫ șțȔȍȘȒȈȝ ȚȘȍȗȍȡțȚ —
ǪȍȚȍȘ Ȑȝ ȕȈșȚȐȋ
7
Ǫ șțȔȍȘȒȈȝ ȞȊȍȚȣ
ǹȐȘȖȚȓȐȊȣȍ ȌȘȖȎȈȚ —
ǪȍȚȍȘ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓ
8
ǹȊȍȚȓȣȍ ȞȊȍȚȣ
ǵȖ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȠȤ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ Țȣ
ǹȒȖȘȉȕȣȍ ȔȍȟȚȣ
9
ǶȚȖȋȕȈȓȐ șȕȣ
ǳȍȗȍșȚȒȖȊȣȍ țșȚȈ —
ǩȓȈȋȖȊȍșȚ Ȋȍșȕȣ
10
ǸȈșȗȓȍșȒȈȓ ǨȗȘȍȓȤ
ǵȈ ȊȍȚȊȧȝ ǹȈȒțȘȣ ȉȘȍȌ
ǽȘțȗȒȐȝ ȓȍȗȍșȚȒȖȊ

185
11
ǹȓȍȏȣ-ȓȍȗȍșȚȒȐ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȏȈȒȈȗȈȦȚ ș ȊȍȚȊȍȑ
ǵȈ Ȉȓȓȍȑ ȗȍșȒȐ
12
ǷȖȝȖȘȖȕȕȣȑ ȏȊȖȕ
ǩȍȓȖșȕȍȎȕȣȍ ȞȊȍȚȣ
ǶșȣȗȈȦȚ șȖȕ
13
ǵȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ
ǵȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ ȓȍȗȍșȚȒȐ
ǩȍȓȣȍ ȓȍȋȓȐ
14
ǪȍȚȒȈ ȥȔȉȓȍȔȈ
ǿȍșȚȐ șȈȔțȘȈȧ — Țȣ
ǫȌȍ ȚȊȖȐ ȞȊȍȚȣ"
ǨȗȘȍȓȤ 1918 ȋȖȌ
ȇȗȖȕȐȧ ǺȖȒȐȖ
ǺȐȋȘȖȊȣȍ ȊȖȘȖȚȈ

187
15
ǷȖcȊ. ȗȖȥȚȈȔ ȇȗȖȕȐȐ —
ǵȈșȓȍȌȕȐȒȈȔ ȌȈȘȈ
ǹțșȈȕȖȊȖ
ǪȈș ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ
ǪȈȠȈ ȚȈȕȒȈ Ȕȕȍ ȏȈȎȋȓȈ
ǵȖȊțȦ ȏȈȘȦ
Ǫ ȗȧȚȤ ȏȊȍȕȧȡȐȝ șȚȘȖȒ ȊȖȠȓȈ
ǹȓȖȊȈ ȝȘțȗȒȖȋȖ ȐȋȓȈ.
16
ǷȖȑȚȍ șȊȍȚ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ
ǪȖșȝȖȌȧȡȐȍ ǺȊȖȘȞȣ —
ǷȖȑȚȍ Ȕȋȓț ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ
ǪȖșȝȖȌȧȡȐȍ șȓȍȗȞȣ
ǴȋȓȈ Ȑ șȊȍȚ ȏȌȍșȤ ȉȓȐȏȕȍȞȣ
17
ǹȓȖȊȈ ȒțȏȕȍȞȣ
ǯȊȍȕȤȧ — ȏȊȖȕȒȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ —
ǪȈȠȐ ȗȍȘȊȍȕȞȣ
ǷțșȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȓȖȚȣ ȚȊȖȘȞȈ
ǹȚȘȖȕțȚ ȟțȚȒȐȍ șȍȘȌȞȈ
ȃȜȘȘȡ Ȝ ȃȜȘȘȡ
18
— ǲȈȗȍȓȤȒȈ-ȝȈȑȒȈȑ
ǲȈȗȕțȓ ȒȚȖ Țȍȉȧ Ȋ ȊȍȒȈ"
— ǫȍȕȐȧ ȘțȒȈ

188
19
— ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȐ — Ȑȝ ȚȘȐ
ǺȘȐ ȏȊȍȕȧȡȐȍ șȚȘțȐ —
ǹȍȘȌȞȈ ȚȘȐ șȚȘțȕȣ
20
ǷȖșȊ ǩȈșȐȖ
ǽȖȒȒț ȝȖȒȒț ȒȈȗ —
ǺȘȍȝșȚȘȖȒȖȊȈȧ ȘȍȒȈ
ǯȈȎțȘȟȐȚ Ȋ ȊȍȒȈ
ǨȗȘȍȓȤ  ȋ
ȇ Ǻ ǺȐȋȘ Ǫ
Ƕȕ ǶȜȟȎțȜ ǮȘȖȘȜ
21
ǶȗțșȚȐȓȈ ȧ
ǫȖȓȖȊț ȕȈ ȘțȒȐ ǹȖȕ
ǹȕȐȚșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȊȍșȕȈ
ǲȖȚȖ ȓȖȗȕțȓȈ șȚȘțȕȈ
ǺȖ — ȗȖȘȊȈȓșȧ ȊȖȓȖșȖȒ
ǨȗȘȍȓȤ  ȋȖȌ
ǺȖȒȐȖ ǺȐȋȘ Ǫ
ǰȓȞȏȓ
22
ǯȈșȐȧȓȐ șȕȣ
ǪȍȘȉȈ — ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ ȕȖȊȐȏȕȣ
ǩȓȈȋȖȊȍșȚ Ȋȍșȕȣ

23
ǴȈȘȚȖȔ șȚȘȖȕțȚȈ
ǨȗȘȍȓȍȔ ȗȘȐȖȚȒȘȣȚȈ
ǪȍȘȉȈ șȚȘȖȑȕȈȧ —
ǹȊȍȚȓȣȔȐ ȗȖȘȣȊȈȔȐ
ǯȍȔȓȦ ȖșȟȈșȚȓȐȊȐȓȈ
ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȍȑ
ǸȍȌȈȒȞȐȧ «ȅȝȖ»
ǨȗȘȍȓȤ 

ȀȎțȘȎ
ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȗȧȚȐșȚȘȖȟȕȣȍ șȖȟȕȖ ȕȈȉȘȖșȈȕȕȣȍ ȠȚȘȐȝȈȔȐ ȟȐșȚȖ-ȐȔȗȘȍș-
șȐȖȕȐșȚșȒȐȍ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ ț ȧȗȖȕȞȍȊ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚșȧ — «ǺȈȕȒȈ».
ǺȈȕȒȈ ȐȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȜȖȘȔȈ ȒȈȒ ț ȌȘȍȊȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ț șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȧȗȖȕ-
șȒȐȝ ȗȖȥȚȖȊ ȜȖȘȔȈ — ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȕȈȧ ȒȓȈșșȐȟȍșȒȖȑ
ǺȈȕȒȈ, ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ șȚȈȘȣȍ ȊȐȌȣ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȑ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȕȐ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈ
ȗȍȘȍȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȔ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȑȠȐȔȐ ȒȓȈșșȐȒȈȔȐ ȕȐ ȘȐȜȔȣ ǶȕȈ șȖșȚȖȐȚ Ȑȏ  șȓȖ-
ȋȈ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȝ Ȋ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȔ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ
Ȋ I-Ȗȑ șȚȘȖȒȍ
— 5 șȓȖȋȖȊ
ȊȖ II-Ȗȑ ,,
—7 ,,
Ȋ III-ȍȑ 
—5 ,,
Ȋ IV-Ȗȑ 
—7 ,,
Ȋ V-Ȗȑ 
—7„
ǿȐșȚȖ ȧȗȖȕșȒȈȧ ȚȈȕȒȈ ȟȈșȚȖ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȐȔȈ ȕȈ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȧȏȣȒ ȕȍ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȊȖȌȐȔȈ Ȋ șȔȣșȓȍ ȊȣșȖȒȖ-ȗȖȥȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȒȈȒ șȎȈȚȖȍ ȐȔȗȘȍșșȐȖȕȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ
ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ șȖȚȒȈȕȕȖȍ Ȑȏ ȕȍțȓȖȊȐȔȣȝ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȝ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑȞț ȖȚȚȍȕ-
ȒȖȊ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȍȑȠȐȝ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȑ Ȑȏ ȏȊțȒȖȊȣȝ ȚȖȕȟȈȑȠȐȝ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ ȗȖșȚȐ-
ȎȐȔȣȝ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȔ ȏȕȈȕȐȐ Ȑ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȐ ȧȏȣȒȈ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ
ȕȈȘȖȌȈ ȌțȠȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ «ȗȖȌȖȉȕȈ ȊȖșȝȖȌȧȡȍȔț Ȓ șȖȓȕȞț ȈȘȖȔȈȚț ȊȐȠȕȐ».
;ȜȘȘȡ
ǫȖȊȖȘȧ Ȗ șȈȔȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȍ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȒȖ-
ȘȖȚȒȖ
ǽȖȒȒț ǽȈȑ-ȒȈȑ — ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȌȖșȚȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ șȚȘȍȔȧȡȍȑșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȕȈȐȔȍȕȤȠȍȍ ȊȕȍȠȕȍȍ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȟȈ ȌȖșȚȐȟȤ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȤȠȍȍ ȐȏȊȕȍ
ǽȖȒȒț șȖșȚȖȐȚ Ȑȏ  șȓȖȋȖȊ
Ȋ I-Ȗȑ șȚȘȖȒȍ
— 5 șȓȖȋȖȊ
ȊȖ II-Ȗȑ ,,
—7 ,,
Ȋ III-ȍȑ 
—5 ,,
Ǫ Ǵ

ǿȀǾǼǸǶ
ǿȠȖȣȖ ǰȓțȓȒȖȘȠȎ ǺȎȞȠȎ
ǼȢȜȞȠȩ ǴȎțȎ ǽșȎȟȟȓ
(1919)

ȀǶǱǾǼǰȊǶ ȅǮǾȉ
(1920)

ǪȣȗțșȒȈȧ Ȋ șȊȍȚ ȕȖȊțȦ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȒȕȐȋț ©ǺȐȋȘȖȊȤȐ ȟȈȘȣª Ȋ șȚȖȓȤ
ȚȧȎȍȓȖȍ Ȍȓȧ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȑ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȟȐȚȈȦ șȊȖȐȔ ȌȖȓȋȖȔ ȐȏȢȧȊȐȚȤ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖșȚȤ
ȓȐȞȈȔ șȖȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȊȠȐȔ ȊȣȝȖȌț ȒȕȐȋȐ ȗțȚȍȔ ȗȘȍȌȊȈȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȏȈȗȐșȍȑ ȕȈ
ȚȈȒȖȊțȦ
ǰȓțȓȒȖȘȠ ǺȎȞȠ.

203
ǷȖșȊȧȡȈȦ ǲȐȚȈȑșȒȖȔț ȗȖȥȚț
ǹȣȒțȕ-Ǻț
ȈȊȚȖȘț ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȕȣȝ șȚȈȕșȖȊ
«ǷȖȥȔȈ Ȗ ȗȖȥȚȍª
ǨȊȚȖȘ
ǹǮǽǮ-ǺǶǻ-ǲǵȉ
ǺȈȒ Ȑ șȖșȚȈȘȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȟțȎȉȐȕȍ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ
ǳȍȚ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȕȈȏȈȌ — ȍȡȍ ȉȖȑȒȖȑ ȘȈșȚȖȘȖȗȕȖȑ — ȊȣȉȘȈȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ șȓțȟȈȍȔ
Ȑȏ ȘȖȌȕȖȑ ȌȍȘȍȊțȠȒȐ ǯȈȏȊȈȓ ȍȍ ȕȈ ȟțȎȉȐȕț ȏȈȍȏȎȐȑ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȔȍȞ — ǪȈȕ-șȖ-
ȝȐȕ — ȉȣȊȈȓȣȑ ȌȍȓȍȞ ȕȍ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȗȖșȍȚȐȊȠȐȑ Ȑ ȚȈȍȎȕȣȑ ǨȔțȘ Ȑ ȚȐȝȐȍ ȉȍ-
ȘȍȋȈ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȑ ǲȖȘȍȐ Ȑ ȌȈȓȤȕȐȑ ȗȘȐȦȚ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȈ ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȍȑ
ǪȈȕ-șȖ-ȝȐȕ ȘȈȏȊȖȏȐȓ ȗȖ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȔ ȕȍȏȈȚȍȑȓȐȊȣȔ șȍȓȍȕȤȧȔ ȗȖȉȍȘȍȎȤȧ ȉȓȐ-
ȎȈȑȠȍȋȖ Ȓ ǿȐȜț ȊșȧȒțȦ ȝȖȌȒțȦ ȊșȧȟȐȕț Ȑ șȗȘȍșșȖȊȈȕȕțȦ ȔȖȘșȒțȦ ȒȈȗțșȚț
Ȑ ȓȈȒȖȔȣȍ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȐ Ȑ ȟȍȟțȕȟț ȗȘȖȟȕțȦ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȟȕȣȍ ȘȈșȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȈȘ-
ȚȐȕȣ ȚȍȈȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȈ Ȑ ș ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȉȘȈȌȣȝ șȚȈȘȟȍșȒȐȝ ȓȐ-
ȒȖȊ-ȉȖȋȖȊ Ȑ ȕȈȘȧȌȣ ȋȖȚȖȊȣȍ Ȑ ȉȍȏȌȍȓțȠȒȐ ȓȦȉȐȔȣȍ Ȑ ȊșȧȒțȦ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕ-
ȕțȦ ȟțȎȍșȚȘȈȕȕțȦ ȕȍȊȐȌȈȕȤ.
Ǩ ȐȕȖȑ ȘȈȏ ǪȈȕ-șȖ-ȝȐȕ țȔȍȓȖ ȗȘȐȗȘȧȚȣȊȈȓ Ȑ ȏȈȊȖȏȐȓ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȚȈȧȕ — ȖȗȐȑȕȣȍ șȓȐȚȒȐ
Ǫ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȌțȘȔȈȕ ȧȘȖ șȊȐȘȍȗșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȖȟȐȓșȧ ȗȖ Ȋșȍȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ
ǿȈȌȕȣȑ ȌȣȔ ȗȤȧȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȊȐȌȕȖȋȖ ȌȘȈȒȖȕȈ ȋțșȚȖ Ȑ șȔțȚȕȖ ȊȣșȚȐȓȈȓșȧ ȗȘȖ-
ȗȖȓȏȈȓ Ȑȏ șȐȕȐȝ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕ — ȏȈȚȈȍȕȕȣȝ ȜȈȕȏ — ȗȖ ȊșȍȔț ȗȖȉȍȘȍȎȤȦ
ǯȈȗȍȒȠȐȍșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȔȤȧȝ ȗȖȟȍȘȕȍȊȠȍȑ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȖȚȘțȉȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ țȓȐȟȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȖȗȐȑȡȐȒȖȊ Ȋșȍ ȟȈȡȍ șȊȍȠȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȌȖȘȖȎȕȣȝ șȚȖȓȉȈȝ Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȖȘȖȌ-
ȕȣȝ ȏȈȉȖȘȈȝ Ȋ ȕȈȏȐȌȈȕȐȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ țȓȐȟȍȕȕȣȔ ȖȗȐȑȡȐȒȈȔ
ȅȚȐ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȖȔ ȟȍȘȕȍȦȡȐȍ țȋȘȖȏȣ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ șȔțȡȈȓȐ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȖȋȖ ǪȈȕ-șȖ-
ȝȐȕȈ Ƕȕ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȠțȚȐȓ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȕȈȌ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȊȣșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȋȖȓȖȊ —
ȝȓȖȗȕțȓ ȓȈȌȖȕȤȦ ȗȖ ȊȣȉȘȐȚȖȔț ȓȉț ȔȍȘȚȊȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ Ȑ ȕȈȘȈșȗȍȊ ȗȘȖȒȘȐȟȈȓ
— ©ǪȖȚ Țȣ ȥȚȈȒ ȕȍ ȚȘȍșȕȍȠȤ ǪȈȕ-șȖ-ȝȐȕȈ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȉțȉȍȕȕȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊțȠȒȈ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȖȚȌȣȝȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȚȊȖȍȔ ȗȖȟȍȚȕȖȔ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȐȐª
***
ǷȖȒȐȌȈȧ ȘȖȌȕțȦ ȜȈȕȏț ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȉȍȘȍȎȤȧ ȊȚȖȘȖȗȧȝ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȏȈȝȊȈ-

204
ȚȐȓȈ ȊșȍȋȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȍșȚȘȣȝ ȞȊȍȚȐșȚȣȝ ȖȉȔȖȚȖȒ ȕȖȎȕȣȝ Ȑ ȌȊȍ ȗȈȘȣ
ȖșȚȘȖȕȖșȣȝ ȗȘȖȟȕȣȝ ȚțȜȍȓȍȒ Ȍȓȧ șȊȖȐȝ țȘȖȌȓȐȊȣȝ ȒȘȖȝȖȚȕȣȝ ȕȖȎȍȒ ȅȚȖ ǪȈȕ-
șȖ-ȝȐȕ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȓ ȍȍ — Ȋ ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȍȑ ȔȖȓ ȔȈȓȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ Ȑ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȤ
ȝȖȘȖȠțȦ ȗȈȘț ȖșȚȘȖȕȖșȖȒ.
ǯȈȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȍȡȍ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȒȖȍ-ȒȈȒȐȍ ȕȈȘȧȌȕȣȍ ȗțșȚȧȒȐ.
ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȉȍȘȍȎȕȖ ǴȐȕ-Ǭȏȣ țȊȍȘȕțȓȈ Ȋ șȚȈȘțȦ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȕțȦ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȦ ȕȈș-
ȓȍȌȕțȦ ȗȖȟȍȘȕȍȊȠțȦ țȎȍ șșȖȝȠțȦșȧ ȚȐȋȘȖȊțȦ ȓȈȗț
ǹ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȕȣȔ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȤȦ ȗțȡȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȓȈ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ
ȥȚț ȊȍȡȤ ǭȡȍ ȌȍȌ ȏȈȊȍȡȈȓ ȖȚȞț Ȉ ȖȚȍȞ ȍȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ ȚȐȋȘȖȊțȦ ȓȈȗț
ǹ ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ ȌȈȓȍȟȈȑȠȍȋȖ ȏȈȗȖȔȕȐȓȈ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȘȖȌȖȊȣȝ ȘȖșșȒȈȏ-
ȕȍȑ Ȗ ȞȍȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȟțȌȕȣȝ șȊȖȑșȚȊȈȝ ȚȐȋȘȖȊȤȍȑ ȓȈȗȣ
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ǺȈȒ Ȑ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓȈ ȜȈȕȏț ȘȖȌȐȔțȦ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ș ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȔȞȍȔ ǪȈȕ-șȖ-ȝȐȕȖȔ.
ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȟțȎȖȔ ȕȍȗȘȐȊȍȚȓȐȊȖȔ ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȍȑ ȖȗȖȔȕȐȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ Ȑ ȌȖșȣȚȈ
ȖȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ șȊȖȦ ȎȍșȚȖȒțȦ ȕȍȓȈȌȕțȦ țȟȈșȚȤ
ǪȈȕ-șȖ-ȝȐȕ ȏȈȔȈȕȐȊȈȧ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȕȈșțȓȐȓ ȕȈȉȖȓȚȈȓ ȍȑ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓț-
ȟȐȍ Ȑ ȖȉȐȓȐȍ Ȋ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȖȎȍȋ ȍȍ ȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȖȍ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȏȈȔȈȕȟȐȊȣȔ
ȉțȌțȡȐȔ Ȋ ȍȍ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȍȕȕȖȔ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȊșȗȈȓȐȓ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕțȦ ȚȘȍȊȖȋț Ȑ Ȏȋțȟȍȍ Ȋȣ-
ȎȐȌȈȕȐȍ
ǶȟțȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȏȍ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȕȍȗȘȐȦȚȕȖȑ ȒȖȕțȘȍ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȏȈȚȝȓȖȋȖ
ȋȘȧȏȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ
ǲȈȎȌȣȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ ǪȈȕ-șȖ-ȝȐȕ ȕȈȚȈșȒȐȊȈȓ Ȋ ȥȚț ȒȖȕțȘț ȟțȎȐȝ ȋȘțȉȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȍȓȈȓȐ ș ȕȍȑ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ
ǵȍȘȍȌȒȖ ǪȈȕ-șȖ-ȝȐȕ țȍȏȎȈȓ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȗȖ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȚȍȔȕȣȔ ȌȍȓȈȔ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓ
ȍȍ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȓ șțȌȤȉȣ ȐȓȐ — ȍȡȍ ȝțȎȍ —- ȕȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȓ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ
ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȍȑ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȐșȟȍȏȕțȊ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ — ǩȖȋ ȊȍșȚȤ ȒțȌȈ — ǪȈȕ-șȖ-ȝȐȕ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ
ȊȖȊșȍ
ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȈȚȤ-ȚȖ ȚȖȓȒȖȔ Ȗ șțȌȤȉȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȚȐȘȈȕȈ — ȉȣȓȈ
ȓȐ ȖȚȘțȉȓȍȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ǪȈȕ-șȖ-ȝȐȕȈ Ȑ ȉȖȓȚȈȓȈșȤ ȓȐ ȖȕȈ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȌȖ-
ȘȖȎȕȖȔ șȚȖȓȉȍ ȐȓȐ Ȏȍ ȍȋȖ ȚȘțȗ ȉȣȓ șȖȎȎȍȕ Ȑ șȝȖȘȖȕȍȕ ȗȖ-ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐ ǵȐ-
ȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȍȑ ǪȈȕ-șȖ-ȝȐȕȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȗ ȍȋȖ șțȌȤȉȍ
ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓȈ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȥȚȐȔ ǲ ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ ȖȕȈ
ȗȖȌȘțȎȐȓȈșȤ ș ȉȖȋȈȚȖȑ ȒȐȚȈȧȕȒȖȑ ǲțȕ-ȕȣ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȕȈ ȟțȎȉȐȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȋȖ țȧȏȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȍȘȌȞȈ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ȚțșȒȓȖȔ țȉȖȋȖȔ ȎȐ-
ȚȤȍǪșȚȘȍȟȈ ș ǲțȕ-ȕȣ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȖșȓȈȕȈ ȕȍȏȈȉȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȌțȠȖȑ țȔȍȘȠȍȑ ȔȈȚȍ-
ȘȐ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ — ǺȈȒ ȘȍȠȐȓȈ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ
ǲțȕ-ȕȣ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȌȖȉȘȖȑ Ȑ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖ ȌȖȉȘȖȚȍ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȦȚȐȓȈ ǴȐȕ-
Ȍȏȣ ț șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȉȖȋȈȚȖȑ ȚȍȗȓȖȑ ȜȈȕȏȍ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȦ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ. ǹ ȋȖȌȈȔȐ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȣȒȓȈ Ȓ ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȍȑ, — ȗȘȐȔȐȘȐȓȈșȤ ș ȟțȎȉȐȕȖȑ

205
ǰȕȈȧ — șȗȖȒȖȑȕȈȧ ȘȖȊȕȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȊȖȊșȍ șȚȍȘȓȈ ș ȍȍ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȗȍȘȍȎȐȚȖȍ ș ȉȍșȗțȚȕȣȔ ȖȉȔȈȕȡȐȒȖȔ ǪȈȕ-șȖ-ȝȐȕȖȔ.
ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȣȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȕȈȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ șȖȉȈȒȈ Ȑ ȘȈ-
ȏȖȘȊȈȓȈ ȍȍ ȕȖȎȕȣȍ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȖȉȔȖȚȒȐ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖșȚȘȖ Ȑ ȟȍȚȒȖ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓȈ
ȐșȗȖȌȓȖȉȕȖȋȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊȏȌȖȘȕȖ ȗȘȐȌȐȘȟȐȊȖȋȖ ǪȈȕ-șȖ-ȝȐȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ
ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȍȍ țȌȈȟȐ ȐȓȐ ȖȉȕȖȊȒȐ
— ©ǵȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȌțȠȈ ǪȈȕ-șȖ-ȝȐȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȕȍșȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȏȓȖȋȖ ȡȍȕȒȈª — ȗȖȌț-
ȔȈȓȈ ș țȎȈșȖȔ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ țȉȍȋȈȧ ȖȚ ȕȈȏȖȑȓȐȊȖȋȖ ȓȈȧ
ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȈȧ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȖȝȖȚȕȖ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȓȈ ȗȖ Ȓțȝȕȍ Ȋ ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȓȈșȒȖ-
ȊȖȑ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȍ Ȑ șȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ȊȣțȟȐȓȈșȤ ȓȍȋȒȖ Ȑ ȉȖȑȒȖ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȧȚȤ
ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȕȣȍ ȏȈȚȍȑȓȐȊȣȍ ȒțȠȈȕȤȧ Ȑȏ șȊȐȕȐȕȣ ȊȖȌȖȘȖșȓȍȑ ȊșȧȒȐȝ Ȑȏ ȊșȍȊȖȏ-
ȔȖȎȕȣȝ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȟȐȓȐȔșȖȊ ȒȘȈȉȖȊ șțȠȍȕȖȑ ȔȍȓȒȖȑ Șȣȉȣ Ȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȟȐȝ ȗȘȖȌțȒȚȖȊ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȗȘȖșȓȈȊȐȓȈșȤ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȒȘțȋț ȖȉȠȐȘȕȣȝ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȝ ȉȖ-
ȋȈȚȖȑ ȒȐȚȈȧȕȒȐ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȌȈȟȕȣȔ Ȑ ȖșȚȘȣȔ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȖșȖȉȖȋȖ ȓȈ-
ȒȖȔșȚȊȈ Ȑȏ șțȠȍȕȣȝ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȊ Ȋ șȖțșȍ ș ȒȈȒȐȔȐ-ȚȖ ȚȊȍȘȌȣȔȐ ȔȖȘșȒȐȔȐ ȘȈș-
ȚȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ Ȑ ȏȈȊȈȘȒȖȦ — Ȧ-ȞȈȖ-ȔȧȖ — ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȜȍ
ǰ ȚȈȒ ȌȖ șȚȈȘȖșȚȐ ȗȘȖȎȐȓȈ ȚȐȝȖ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȗȖȊȈȘȐȝȖȦ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ț ȌȖȉȘȖȑ
ǲțȕ-ȕȣ
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ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȕȍșȒȈȏȈȕȕȖȍ ȋȖȘȍ ȗȖșȚȐȋȓȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ — ȍȍ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȈ
țȔȍȘȓȈ
ǵȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȉȖȋȈȚȖȑ ȜȈȕȏȍ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȉȍȏ șȊȖȍȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ
54ȕȍȏȈȉȊȍȕȕȖȑ ǲțȕ-ȕȣ
ǰ șȕȖȊȈ ȖȟțȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȋȘȧȏȐ Ȑ ȕȐȡȍȚȍ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȉȣȓȈ țȎȍ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍ-
ȕȈ ȟțȎȉȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȗȣȚȈ Ȓ ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ ȏȈ ȌȖȓȋȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ șȓțȎȉȣ ț ǲțȕ-ȕȣ Ȋ ȍȍ ȚȘȧȗȐ-
ȞȈȝ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍȕȍȎȕȣȝ șȊȍȘȚȖȟȒȖȊ Ȑ ȒȖȑ-ȒȈȒȐȍ ȗȘȐȋȖȌȕȣȍ ȊȍȡȐ-
ȞȣǵȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ț ȕȍȍ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȑ ȉȖȑȒȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȘȈșȚȖȘȖȗȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȖȚțșȒȕȍȓȈ șȐȓȈ Ȋ
ȒȖșȚȧȝ ȗȖȖșȓȈȉȓȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȕțȓȈșȤ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ Ȑ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȕȍțȒȓȦȎțȦ ȉȍȏ
ȚȖȓȒȈ ȒȘȖȗȖȚȓȐȊțȦ șȚȈȘțȠȖȕȒț
ǲ ȏȐȔȍ ȗȘȐȦȚȐȓȈșȤ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ Ȋ șȖȓȖȔȍȕȕȖȔ țȋȖȓȒȍ ȕȈȘ ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȚȈȧȕ-ȋȊȈ-
ȕȈ — ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȦȚȈ șȖȕȓȐȊȣȝ ȖȗȐȍȒțȘȐȓȣȞȐȒȖȊ
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ǰ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ-ȚȖ ȗȘȐȋȖȌȐȓȈșȤ șȚȈȘțȠȒȍ ȕȈșȓȍȌȕȈȧ ȚȐȋȘȖȊȈȧ ȓȈȗȈ țȎȍ șșȖȝ-
ȠȈȧșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȟȍȘȕȍȊȠȈȧ
ǹ ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ ȌȈȓȍȟȈȑȠȍȋȖ ȏȈȗȖȔȕȐȓȈ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȘȖȌȖȊȣȝ ȘȖșșȒȈȏ-
ȕȍȑ Ȗ ȞȍȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȟțȌȕȣȝ șȊȖȑșȚȊȈȝ ȚȐȋȘȖȊȖȑ ȓȈȗȣ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȗȖȔȕȐȓȖșȤ ȍȑ

206
ǵȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȗȈșȚȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȘȣȉȤȦ ȒȖșȚȤ ȍșȓȐ ȒȖșȚȤ
ȥȚȈ ȏȈșȚȘȧȕȍȚ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ ȋȖȘȓȍ
ǺȈȒ Ȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȖȘȟȈȚȤ Ȋ ȋȖȘȓȍ —
ǵȐ ȚțȌȈ ȕȐ șȦȌȈ
ǵȍ țȔȘȍȚ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȑ ȕȖ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȚșȧ Ȋ șȗȓȖȠȕțȦ ȉȍȏȣșȝȖȌȕțȦ
ȔțȒț ǪȍȟȕȈȧ ȎȍșȚȖȒȈȧ ȗȖȔȍȝȈ — ȏȈșȚȘȧȊȠȈȧ ȒȖșȚȤ ȎțȚȒȖ ȖȚȘȈȊȐȚ ȖșȚȈȚȒȐ
Ȍȕȍȑ ȍȋȖ
Ǫșȍ ȏȕȈȦȚ șȚȈȘȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ — ȔțȌȘȣȍ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ — ȉȍȓȖȉȖȘȖȌȣȍ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȣȍ
ǯȕȈȦȚ ȒȈȒ ȉȣȚȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȉȍȌȍ —
ǵțȎȕȈ ȚȐȋȘȖȊȈȧ ȓȈȗȈ șȘȍȏȈȕȕȈȧ ȚȖȓȒȖȔ Ȋ ȒȐșȚȐ ȕȐȎȍ ȓȖȒȚȧ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȕȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȗȈșȚȐ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ș ȒȖșȚȤȦ ȏȈșȚȘȧȊȠȍȦ Ȋ
ȋȖȘȓȍ —-
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȈȗȈ ȚȐȋȘȖȊȤȧ
ǷțșȚȤ ȝȖȚȤ șȚȈȘȈ ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ ȏȈșȚȖȓȍȚȕȧȧ — ȟțȌȖȌȍȑșȚȊȖ ȞȍȓȍȉȕȖȍ ȍȍ ȕȍ Ȑșșȧ-
ȒȈȍȚ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȞȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȕȈȌȖ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȤ ȍȍ — ș ȕȍșȉȐȚȣȔȐ ȘȖȊȕȍȕȤȒȐȔȐ ȒȖȋȚȧȔȐ
Ǩ ȓȍȟȐȚȤ-ȚȖ ȍȦ — ȓȍȋȟȍ ȓȍȋȒȖȋȖ.
ǳȈȗȈ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ ȉȍȘȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȋȖȘșȚȤ ȘțȒȐ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȒȖȋȚȧȔȐ ȘȈșȚȖȗȣȘȍȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȊȣșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ Ȓ ȋȖȘȓț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ș ȏȈșȚȘȧȊȠȍȦ ȒȖșȚȤȦ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȓȍȋȖȕȤȒȖ Ȋ ȟțȚȤ-ȟțȚȖȟȒț ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚșȧ ȓȈȗȈ — ȞȈȗ-ȞȈȘȈȗ ȞȈȗ-ȞȈ-
ȗȣȕȤȒȐ șȊȍȘȝț ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ — șȊȍȘȝț ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ ȍȡȍ, Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȊȖ-
ȌȐȚșȧ ȓȈȗȈ ȘȈșȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȒȖȋȚȧȔȐ ȗȖ ȋȖȘȓț
Ǩ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț-ȚȖ ș ȏȈșȚȘȧȊȠȍȦ ȒȖșȚȤȦ Ȋ ȋȖȘȓȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ șȚȖȧȚȤ ȊȣȚȧȕțȚȖ ȋȖȘ-
ȓȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȧȋȈȦȟȐșȤ ȊȣȎȐȌȈȦȟȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȊșȒȐȕțȚȖȑ ȒȈȌȣȒȖȔ ȕȈ ȊȣșȚțȗ ȊȣȌȊȐ-
ȕțȚȣȔ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȚȍȘȗȍȚȤ ȗȖȒȈ ȓȈȗȖȦ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚșȧ ȗȖ ȋȖȘȓț
ǾȈȗ ȞȈȘȈȗ ȞȈȗ ȞȈȗȗȣȕȤȒȐ — șȊȍȘȝț ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ — șȊȍȘȝț ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ ȍȡȍ
Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȔȐȕțȚȈ ȌȘțȋȈȧ — ȋȓȧȕȤ ȒȖșȚȤ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓȈ Ȑȏ ȔȍșȚȈ ȕȈ-
șȐȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ǲȈȒ ȘțȒȖȦ șȕȧȓȖ
ǹȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȔț ȓȍȋȒȖ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȗȖ-ȕȍȉȣȊȈȓȖȔț
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȕȈșȓȣȠȈȓȈ Ȑ ȏȈȗȖȔȕȐȓȈ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ Ȑȏ ȘȖȌȖȊȣȝ ȘȖșșȒȈȏȕȍȑ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȟȍȚȖȊ Ȑ ȕȈșȒȈȏȖȊ ȕȈȘȈșȗȍȊȕȣȝ ȕȈ ȚȐȋȘȖȊțȦ ȓȈȗț ȗȘȐ ȌȈȘȍȕȐȧȝ ȖȚ ȌȍȌȈ — ȖȚȞț
ȖȚ ȖȚȞȈ — ȍȑ
ǰ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈșȚȈȘȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȖȌȐȓȈșȤ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȕȈșȓȍȌȕȈȧ șșȖȝȠȈȧșȧ ȓȈȗȈ ȚȐȋ-
ȘȖȊȤȧ
Ƕ ȓȈȗȍ ȥȚȖȑ ȘȈȏțȏȕȈȓȐ ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ ȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȊȍșȚȤ șȘȍȌȐ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȊ ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȍȑ.
ǵȈ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ-ȋȌȍ ȏȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ șȚȈȘțȝț — ȒȖșȚȤ ȊȣȕȐȔȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȓȈ ǰ
șȚȈȘȈȧ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ șȉȐȘȈȓȈșȤ ȉȍȏ ȚȖȓȒț ȒȘȖȗȖȚȓȐȊȖ șȎȐȔȈȓȈ Ȋ ȔȖȘȁǰǵȐșȚȣȝ Ȋ
ȚȘȍȡȐȕȈȝ șȒȖȘȦȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȝ șȚȈȘțȦ ȟȍȘȕțȦ ȓȈȗț ȚȐȋȘȖȊȤȦ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȓȈșȤ
ȕȈ ȥȚȐ ȏȖȊȣ — ȒȖșȚȤ ȊȣȕȐȔȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȓȈ
ǾȈȗ ȞȈȘȈȗ ȞȈȗ ȞȈȗȣȕȤȒȐ — șȊȍȘȝț ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ — șȊȍȘȝț ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ ȍȡȍ Ȑ
ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȊȖȌȐȚ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚ șȚȈȘțȠȖȕȒȈ ȉȍȏ ȚȖȓȒț ȒȘȖȗȖȚȓȐȊȖȑ ȘțȟȖȕ-
ȒȖȑ ȔȐȕțȚȈ ȌȘțȋȈȧ — ȋȓȧȕȤ — ȒȖșȚȤ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȚ Ȑȏ ȔȍșȚȈ ȕȈșȐȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ǰ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȧȚ ȕȈ ȘȈȌȖșȚȧȝ șȚȈȘțȝȍ ǺțȚ Ȏȍ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȘȔȧȚ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȏțȉȖȊ —
ȓȈȒȖȔȖ

ǰ ȗȘȖșȓȈȊȐȓȈșȤ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȓȈȗȖȦ Ȋ ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȍȑ.
ǫȘȈȔȖȚȕȣȑ ȊȍșȍȓȤȟȈȒ ǹȧȕ-ȠȐȕ ȗȘȐșȓțȎȕȐȒ ȚȈȧȕ-ȋȊȈȕȈ ȚȈȒ ȚȖȚ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ
țȋȖȓȒț ȕȈȌ ȓȖȝȔȖȚȤȧȔȐ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȕȈȉȐȓ ȏȈȚȍȑȓȐȊțȦ ȐȍȘȖȋȓȐȜȐȟȍ-
șȒțȦ ȕȈȌȗȐșȤ
©ǯȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȈȧ Ȑ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȐșȚȒȈ ȗȖ ȊȣȚȈșȒȐȊȈȕȐȦ Șȣȉ-
ȕȣȝ ȒȖșȚȍȑ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȓ — ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣª
ǹȔȣȠȓȍȕȣȑ ǹȧȕ-ȠȐȕ ȏȈȉȐȓ ȥȚȖ ȖȉȢȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȋȊȖȏȌȍȑ ȞȍȓȖȦ ȘȈȔȖȟ-
ȒȖȑ ȖșȚȘȣȝ Șȣȉȕȣȝ ȒȖșȚȍȑ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȜȖȘȔ Ȑ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȊ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȥȚȖ șȓțȎȐȓȖ
ȕȈȋȓȧȌȕȣȔ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ șȚȈȘțȝȐȕȖȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ ȖȕȈ ȔȖȓ, ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓȈ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘ-
ȓȈ ȥȚȐ ȒȖșȚȐ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ Ȋ ȚȈȧȕ-ȋȊȈȕȍ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȒȖșȚȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȌ-
ȕȈȎȌȣ ȊȣȉȘȈȕȣ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȐȔȟȐȊȣȔ ǹȧȕ-ȠȐȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȓȈ șȖșȍȌȕȍȑ ȘȣȉȕȖȑ ȝȈȘ-
ȟȍȊȕȐ ǷȖșȔȍȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈȌ șȚȈȘțȠȒȖȑ ȕȖ ȚȈȑȕț ȍȍ ȖȉȔȈȕȈ ȝȘȈȕȐȓȐ ȕȍȕȈȘțȠȐȔȖ
ǷȖȉȓȐȏ ȘȈȔȖȟȒȐ șȊȍȠȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȈ ȊȉȐȚȖȑ Ȋ șȚȍȕț ȒȖșȚȐ ȓȖȊȒȖ ȏȈȊȍȘ-
ȕțȚȈȧ Ȋ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȕțȦ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȦ ȚȐȋȘȖȊȈȧ ȓȈȗȈ
ȅȚț ȏȈȚȍȦ ș ȘȣȉȤȐȔȐ ȒȖșȚȧȔȐ ǹȧȕ-ȠȐȕ ȗȍȘȍȕȧȓ ț ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ ȏțȉȕȣȝ ȊȘȈ-
ȟȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȖȒȖȕȕȐȒȈȝ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȘȐȍȔȕȣȝ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȊȐȚȘȐȕ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ șȓȈ-
ȎȐȊȈȦȚ Ȋșȍ ȊȣȘȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȏțȉȣ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȈȞȐȍȕȚȖȊ Ȑ ȟȍȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍ ȏțȉȕȈȧ ȋȖ-
ȘȈ — ȒȘȈșȕȖȘȍȟȐȊȣȑ ȗȈȔȧȚȕȐȒ ȌȈȕȚȐșȚȈ ȚȍȔ ȏȕȈȚȕȍȍ șȟȐȚȈȍȚșȧ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȗȖȓȤȏțȍȚ-
șȧ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȔ ȗȖȟȍȚȖȔ Ȑ ȌȖȓȎȕȣȔ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȍȔ ȗȈȞȐȍȕȚȖȊ
***
ǰ ȌȖȕȣȕȍ — ȌȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧȠȕȍȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ șțȔȘȈȟȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȈȝ
șȘȍȌȐ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȝ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȝ ȗȘȐșȚȘȖȍȒ ȕȈȌșȚȘȖȍȒ Ȑ ȗȖȌșȚȘȖȍȒ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȏȈȚ-
ȝȓȣȝ ȗȖȚțșȒȕȍȊȠȐȝ ȌȖȔȖȊ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȋȖ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒȈ — ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȋȘȈȌȈ ȚȘȍ-
ȗȈȕȋȖȊ —ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȍȑ — Ȋ ȚțșȒȓȖȔ ȕȍȏȈȚȍȑȓȐȊȖȔ țȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȐ ȦȚȐȚșȧ ȏȧȉȒȖ țȎȍ
șȓȍȗȕțȡȈȧ ȍȓȍ ȌȊȐȎțȡȈȧșȧ ȒȘȖȝȖȚȕȈȧ șȚȈȘțȠȖȕȒȈ ǴȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ — ©ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐ-
ȚȈȧ Ȑ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȐșȚȒȈ ȗȖ ȊȣȚȈșȒȐȊȈȕȐȦ Șȣȉȕȣȝ ȒȖșȚȍȑ
Ȑȏ ȋȖȘȓª

208
ǲǼǹǱ ǽǼǸǼǷǻǼǱǼ
— ©ǺțȋȖ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ — ȊȖȏȤȔȍȠȤ ț șȖșȍȌȈ ȟȚȖ Ȏ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ƿțȡȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȖȔȕȐ
Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȌȖȓȋȍ ȚȖ Ȑ ȏȕȈȑ — șȖȖȉȘȈȎȈȑ ȒȈȒ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤ ȉȣ ȟȍȔ ȗȓȈȚȐȚȤ-ȚȈ" ȚȈȒ
Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȑ ȠȍȊȍȓȐ ȔȖȏȋȖȑª — țȟȐȓ ș ȊȖȘȟȤȦ șȍȌȖȑ ǲț-Ȧȕ-șțȕ ȗȓȍȔȧȕ-
ȕȐȒȈ ȗȖȌȘȖșȚȒȈ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ
— ©Ƕȑ — ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȖȚȉȐȊȈȑșȧ ȕȍ ȖȚȗȐȘȈȑșȧ ȖȚ ȌȖȓȋȈ — ȟȚȖ ȉȣ ȕȐ ȗȘȐȒ-
ȓȦȟȐȓȖșȤ — ȝțȌȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ǫȖȊȖȘȐ ȓțȟȠȍ ©ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȖȚȌȈȔ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȍȚ Ȍȍȕȍȋª Ȉ
ȍșȓȐ Ȑ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȕȍ șȚȈȕȍȚ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȒȈȎȐ — ©ȗȘȖșȚȐ șȖșȍȌțȠȒȈ ȕȍȚ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȗȖ ȊȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȐ șȖșȍȌȒȈ ȗȖșȓȧ ȊȍȘȕțª
ǷȖȌȖȓȋț ǲț-Ȧȕ-șțȕ ȗȖțȟȈȓ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ țȏȕȈȓ ȗȓȍȔȧȕȕȐȒ ȖȚ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȧȌȦȠȒȐ
ǻȔȍȘ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȍ ȊȣȗȓȈȚȐȊȠȐ ȌȖȓȋ — Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȕȍ ȊȣȒȘț-
ȚȐȚșȧ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȌȖ ȒȖȗȍȍȟȒȐ ȖȚȌȈșȚ ȕȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȈȔȐ ȚȈȒ ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ ȖȚȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ
ǺȘȐ ȌțȠȐ ț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǷȖșȓȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȘȈșȝȖȌȧȚșȧ ȖȕȐ.
ǶȌȕȈ ȌțȠȈ țȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȐȕȖȑ ȏȈȋȘȖȉȕȣȑ ȔȐȘ Ȑ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȍȚ ȏȍȔȕțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ țșȖȗ-
ȠȍȋȖ
ǬțȠȈ ȌȘțȋȈȧ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȋȐȓȍ ș ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȖȔ
Ǩ ȚȘȍȚȤȧ ȌțȠȈ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȍȚ ȗȘȈȝ ȊșȍȓȧȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȘȖȌȕțȦ ȜȈȕȏț ȦȚȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȌȖȡȍȟ-
Ȓȍ ȘȖȌȖȊȖȑ ș ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ȕȈȟȍȘȚȈȕȕȣȔ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȋȖ
ǲȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ Ȑ țȔȍȘ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ — Ȉȕ ȕȍȚ ǮȐȊȈ ȍȋȖ ȌțȠȈ Ȑ ȉȘȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ
ǩȘȖȌȐȚ ȝȖȌȐȚ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȚ — ȉȘȖȌȐȚ ȌțȠȈ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȚȒȕȍȚșȧ ȒțȌȈ — Ȋ ȉȘȦ-
ȝȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȘȈȏȉțȝȈȦȡȍȍ ȖȚ ȗȓȖȌȈ Ȋ ȒȖȘȖȊȤȍ ȓȐ ȕțȚȘȖ Ȋ ȓȖȠȈȌȐȕȖȍ ȓȐ ȟȘȍȊȖ Ȋ
șȖȉȈȟȐȑ ȎȐȊȖȚ — ȠȚȖ-ȓȐ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ș ȚȍȓȧȚȒȖȑ ȎȍȘȍȉȍȕȖȟȒȖȔ ȓȐ ȡȍȕȒȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ Ȑ ȊȣȘȖȌȐȚșȧ ȌțȠȈ
șȕȖȊȈ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ— ȎȐȚȤ ȗȖȎȐȊȈȚȤ șȣȏȕȖȊȈ ȒȈȕȐȚȍȓȐȚȤșȧ ȌȈ ȗȓȖȌȐȚȤșȧ — ȕȈ
ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȗȖȌ ȚțȚȖȠȕȐȔ șȖȓȕȣȠȒȖȔ. —
ǺȈȒȖȊ ȕȈȒȈȏ ȉȣȚȖȊȣȑ — ȀȐȊȖȘȖȚ-ȕȈȊȣȊȖȘȖȚ Ȋ ȖȉȖȘȖȚ ȗțȡȈȚȤ ȌțȠț ȕȐȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȕȍțȚȘȈȚȕțȦ Ȑ ȊȖȊșȍ ȉȍȏȣșȝȖȌȕțȦ
ǶȌȕȖ ȌțȠȍ șȕȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȖ — ȕȍ ȍȌȐȕ ȗțȚȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȚ ȍȑ — Ȉ — ȗțȚȐ
ǩȘȖȌ ȌțȠȐȑ
ǲțȌȈ șȊȍȘȕȍȚ — ȚțȌȈ Ȑ ȊȣȕȣȘȕȍȚ
ǵȍ ȗțȚȤ Ȉ ȗțȚȐ —
ǭșȚȤ ȗȚȐȟȐȑ ȗȖȓȍȚ-ȗȍȘȍȓȍȚ ȕȈ Ȑșȗțȋț — ȖȋȓȧȌȈ ȜȈȏȈȕȈ ȕȈ ȒțȘȍȑ ȌȖȔȖșȍ-
ȌȖȒ ȏȈȉȖȚȕȐȞ ȕȈ ȓȈșȚȖȟȒț ȒȖșȖȓȍȚȖȟȒț-șȚȘȍȔȋȓȈȊȒț ȕȈ șȍȘȧȒȈ ȊȖȘȖȉȤȧ ȗȍȘȍ-
șȒȖȒț ȕȈ ȊȖȘȖȕȤȍ — ȋȕȐȓȤ-ȓȈȒȖȔȤȍ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȠțȕȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈ șȐȕȐȞț-ȝȘț-
ȗȐȞț ȕȈ Ȑȕȣȝ ȕȈ ȊșȦ ȓȍȚȤ-ȗȍȘȍȓȍȚȤ-ȒȘȣȓȤ ȕȍȉȖȝȖȌȕțȦ — ȊȣșȤȦ ȗțȚȤ ȌțȠȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȒȘȣȓȍȕ ȘȈșșȚȐȓȈȍȚșȧ
ǭșȚȤ Ȑ ȏȊȍȘȐȑ șȓȍȌ ȕȈ ȜȈȕȏȖȊȣȑ șȒȖȚ — ȕȈ ȒȖȘȖȊțȠȒț ȌȖȉȘȖȉȘȦȝțȦ ȕȈ
ȒȖȕȧ ȏȖȘȒȖțȝȈ ȕȈ șȖȉȈȒț ȗȖȒȖȘȕȐȞț ȕȈ ȒȖȠȒț ȗȘȖȊȖȘȕȐȞț ȕȈ ȔȣȠȤ-ȚȐȠȤ
ȕȈ ȚȖȋȖ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ Ȑ ȕȈ ȏȊȍȘȧ ȗȖȓȍȊȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȒț — ȋȓȈȏȤȍȝȓȖȗȒț ȗȍȘȍ-
ȌȘȈȏȕȐȞț ȕȈ ȌȐȒȖȋȖ ȏȊȍȘȧ ȏțȉȈșȚȖȋȖ Ȑ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȒȈ ȊȣȎȐȌȈȓț ȕȈ ȔȍȌȊȍȌȧ ȘȈșȚȖ-
ȗȣȘȦ ȝȖȚȤ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȚȐȋȘȈ-ȎțȚȤ ȐșȗȖȌȚȐȠȒȈ ȓȦȚȖȋȖ — ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȕȖȘȣ ȊȖ ȓȦ-

209
ȉțȦ ȗȘȖȘȍȝț ȊșȧȒțȦ ȕȖȏȌȘȦ-ȡȍȓȤ — șȓȍȌ-ȒȖȗȣȚȤ ȌțȠȍ ȏȕȈȟȐȚșȧ ȌȍȉȘȐȚșȧ
ȊȣȓȖȎȍȕȈ
Ǩ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ Ȑ șȕȖȊȐȑ ȗțȚȤ — ȗȓȈȊȤ ȗȖȓȏȤ șȒȖȓȤȏȤ ȊȏȓȈȏȤ ȟțȚȒȈȧ — Ȋ ȊȖȌȧȕȣȝ
ȋȓȣȉȈȝ Ȋ ȕȍȌȘȈȝ ȕȈ Șȣȉț-șȓȍȗȖȔȖȘȌț ȕȈ ȒȘȈȉȈ ȏȈȌȖȔȓȈȌȕȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȟȐȓȐȔșȈ-
țșȈȟȈ ȘȈșȚȖȘȖȗț Ȓ ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȍ-șȖȟȕȐȞȍ Ȋ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ șȗȘțȚȈ-ȔȕȖȋȖȓȈȗȈ ȕȈ ȒȈȗț-
șȚț ȕȍȗȘȐȚȘȖȋț ȕȈ ȐȕȈȒț ȗȓȈȊȈȦȡțȦ ȚȊȈȘȤ Ȋ ȗȖȌȒȈȔȍȕȕțȦ ȊȖȌȤ Ȋ ȕȣȘȓȐȊțȦ
ȎȐȊȤ Ȋ ȗȖȌȎȈȉȘțȦ ȟțȌȤ — ȊȖȓȕȈ ȌțȠȍ ȗȘȐȖȚȒȘȣȚȈ
Ǩ Ȑ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȈȧ — ȒȘȣȓȤȧ ȚȘȖȗȈ ȏȕȈȟȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȔȍȓȦȏȋț ȔȍȓȤȒ ȓȍȚțȟțȦ ȕȈ ȔȖ-
ȠȒț ȘȈșȚȖȘȖȗȕțȦ ȕȈ ȔȖȠȒȈȘț ȕȍȗȖȒȖȑȕțȦ-ȚȘȍșȒȡȍȓȒțȟțȦ ȕȈ ȒȖȔȈȘȈ șȊȍȘ-
ȚȧȒȈ ȚțȗȖȕȖȋȖȋȖ ȕȈ Ȕțȝț șȖȕȤȓȈȒȖȔȒț ȕȈ ȎțȒȈ ȌȘȍȔȕȖȟȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȉȈȉȖȟȒț ȉȍș-
ȗȖȓȍȏȕȐȞț ȉȍșȗȍȟȕȐȞț ȕȈ șȚȘȍȒȖȏ ȗȘȖȊȖȘȕȐȞ — ȌțȠȍ ȗȍȘȍȗțȚȤ-ȓȍȚȤ-ȗȍȘȍȒȘȣȓȤ
ȗȖȗțȚȟȐȚșȧ
ǶȌȕȖ ȌțȠȍ șȕȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȖ — ȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȗțȚȤ ȍȑ Ȉ — ȗțȚȐ
Ǩ ȌțȠȈ ȊȣȉȐȘȈȑ — ȒțȌȈ șȊȍȘȕȍȚ ȚțȌȈ Ȑ ȊȣȗȘȣȋȕȍȚ
ǵȍ șȈȔȈ— ȚȈȒ ȊȣȒȘțȎȐȚ-ȊȣȒȐȕȍȚ ș ȘȈȏȋȖȕȈ Ȋ ȉȘȦȝȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȘȈȏȉțȝȈȦȡȍȍ ȖȚ
ȗȓȖȌȈ ȐȓȤ Ȋ ȧȑȞȖ Ȋ ȗȓȖȌ Ȋ șȍȔȤ ȐȒȘț — Ȋ ȔȍȚȤ ȒȈȒțȦ Ȋ șȒȐȌȤ șȕȖș — Ȋ ȗȓȖȌȤ
ȗȖȗțȚȕțȦ
ǪȣȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȑșȧ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȟȍȒ ȕȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ șȣȏȕȖȊȈ ȒȈȕȐȚȍȓȐȚȤșȧ ȌȈ ȗȓȖȌȐȚȤșȧ
ȕȈ ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȗȖȌ ȚțȚȖȠȕȐȔ șȖȓȕȣȠȒȖȑ
ǺȈȒȖȊ ȕȈȒȈȏ ȉȖȋȖȊȐȑ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȓȍȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȖȒȘȍȗ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȊȖȏȔț-
ȎȈȓ Ȑ ȖȉȏȈȊȍȓșȧ șȊȖȐȔ ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȖȔ — ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȍȔț șȓȖȊȖ Ȋ șȓȖȊȖ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓȐșȤ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ ȗȖțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȌȧȌȐ ǲț-Ȧȕ-șțȕȈ Ȗ ȌȖȓȋȍ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț —
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ Ȍȕȧȝ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȖȌȍȓ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȕȈȘȧȌ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖșț Ȋȗȓȍȓ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȠȕțȘȖȒ
— țȔȍȘ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȣȑ ȓȦȉȐȔȣȑ ȌȧȌȦȠȒȈ ǲț-Ȧȕ-șțȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȏȈȔȍȕȧȧ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ
ȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍ ȌȈȦȚ ȗȖȒȖȧ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ ȌȧȌȦȠȒȐ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ Ȗ ȌȖȓȋȍ
țȔȍȘȠȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ — ȊȍȌȤ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȕȍȏȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȌȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǲț-Ȧȕ-șțȕ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ-
ȘȖȟȕȖ ȏȈȕȧȓ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȕțȓ ȊȖȊșȍ șȊȖȑ ȌȖȓȋ
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ǷȘȐșȕȐȓșȧ șȖȕ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ — ȉțȌȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȍȔț
— ©Ǩ ȌȧȌȧ-ȚȖ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ Țȍȉȍ ș ȌȖȓȋȖȔ — ȐȠȤª
ǿțȌȕȖ șȚȈȓȖ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ — Ȗȕ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȋ Țț ȔȐȕțȚț ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț
ȊȉȍȎȈȓ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒ ȍȋȖ — ǫțȕ-Ȍȏȣ
ǪȗȖȗȣȝȈȝ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ǫțȕ-Ȍȏȣ — șȍȉȍ ȕȈȗȍȘȍȉȖȑ
— ©ǵȖȊȖșȚȤ ț ȕȈș ȝȖȏȧȐȕ — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȖȉȣȓȒȈ ȎȍȘȍȉȟȐȒȖȔ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȐ-
ȓȈșȤª
ǰ ȗȖȉȍȋ ș ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒȖȔ Ȋ ȒȖȕȦȠȕȦ
ǩȍȎȐȚ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȚ — ȘțȒȈ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ
ǵț Ȑ ȗȖȘȍȠȐȓ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȟȚȖ ȌȧȌȧ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȒ ȊȢȦȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȎȍȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ-ȚȖ Ȑ

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ȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȌȊȖȘ — ȖȚȘȈȉȈȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȌȖȓȋ șȊȖȑ
ǷȖȘȍȠȐȓ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȎȍȘȍȉȍȕȖȟȒȈ ©ǬȧȌȍȑª ȗȘȖȏȊȈȓ
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©ǬȧȌȧª ȗȖȌȘȈșȚȈȓ Ȋ ȏȈȉȖȚȍ ȕȍȖȚȘȣȊȕȖȑ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒȈ
ǷȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȒȖȘȔȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȚȉȖȘȕȣȔ ȖȊșȖȔ ȕȍ țȚȘțȎȌȈȚȤ ȓȈș-
ȒȖȑ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȚȤ șȓȖȊȈ ȕȍȎȕȣȍ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȚȤ ȓȈȌȖȕȤȦ ȗȖ ȔȖȘȌȖȟȒȍ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚȤ Ȑ
ȗțȡȍ ȊșȍȋȖ Ȋșȍȑ șȒȖȚȐȕȒȐ ȉȍȘȍȟȤ ȝȖȓȐȚȤ
ǰ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȐ ©ǬȧȌȦª Ȋ șȚȘȖȑȕȖȋȖ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȘȈșȈȊȞȈ ȎȍȘȍȉȞȈ — ȕȈ ȊȖș-
ȝȐȡȍȕȐȍ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȒȚȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȕȍȚ-ȏȈȋȓȧȌȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕțȦ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ
ǷȘȐȠȓȈ ȗȖȘȈ ȗȘȐțȟȈȚȤ Ȓ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ ©ǬȧȌȦª — ȕȍ șȚȖȐȚ Ȉ ȝȖȌțȕȖȔ ȗȓȧȠȍȚ ȉȍȏ
ȌȍȓȈ ȗȘȖșȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȦ ȗȖȌȉȐȊȈȍȚșȧ
ǰ ȊȣȊȍȓ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȒȖȕȧ ȕȈ ȗȈȠȕȦ
ǽȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȗȖȓȖșȍ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȏȈ ©ǬȧȌȍȑª țȓȣȉȈȍȚșȧ ȘȈȌțȍȚșȧ — ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ȒȖȕȤ
— ǲȈȒ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȒȖ ȊșȍȔț ȌȖȋȈȌȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȖȉȖȑȌȍȚ ȋȌȍ șȓȍȌ Ȗș-
ȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ-ȚȖ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑ șȊȍȘȕȍȚ ȚȖȓȒȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ț ȔȍȎȐ — ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȟțȎȤ șȖ-
șȍȌȖȊț ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚțȗȐȚ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȍȚ ȟȍȋȖ ȔȧȚȤ — ȕȍ ȌȍȓȖ Ȑ ȕȍȚ Ȋ ȕȍȔ țșȚȈȓȐ ǵț
ȚȈȒȖȑ ȒȖȕȤ ȓȈȌȕȖȑ. șȚȍȗȍȕȕȈȧ ȚȊȈȘȤ. ȕȍ ȒȖȕȤ Ȉ — ȕȈȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ
ǷȖȌȖȑȌȐ ȒȚȖ ȟțȎȖȑ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ — ș ȖȉȐȌȖȦ — Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȚșȚțȗȐȚșȧ țȝȖȔ ȕȍ ȌȖȚȘȖ-
ȕȍȚșȧ — ȕȍ ȌȘȖȋȕȍȚ — ȒțȌȣ — ȕȍȚ Ǩ ȊȖȚ șȒȈȎȐ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ ș șȍȘȌȞȍȔ ©ȖȚȖȑȌȐ
©ǬȧȌȦȠȒȈª — Ȑ ȖȚȖȑȌȍȚ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕȒț șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȕȈȚȧȕțȚȖ ȊȣȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȧ — ©ȕȍ ȕȈ-
ȌȖȚȤ Ȍȍ ȍȡȍ ȟȍȋȖ"ª ©ǵȈȏȈȌ ǬȧȌȤȒȈª — Ȑ ȖȚșȚțȗȐȚ ȗȖȊȍȘȕȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȌȖ ǺȈ-
ȒȈȧ ȚȊȈȘȤ șțȘȈȏȕȈȧ
ǿȚȖ Ȑ ȏȈ ȒȖȕȤ ǰ ȊșȧȒ ȌȐȊț ȌȐȊțȍȚșȧ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȗȖȝȓȖȗȣȊȈȦȚ ȏȈ ȒȖȕȧ ȖȌȖȉ-
ȘȧȦȚ
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ǯȈșțȍȚȐȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ȚȖ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȕȈ ȧȘȔȈȘȒț — ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ șȍȓȈ ȖȉȢȧȊȓȧȓȈșȤ
ǲȖȉȣȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȏȈȕȍȔȖȋȓȈ — ȗȈșȔțȘȕȐȚșȧ, ȕȍȔȖȎȍȚșȧ — ȒțȌȈ ȚȈȔ ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȌȊȈ șȍȓȈ ȕȈ șȍȓȖ ȕȍ ȌȖșȒȈȟȍȚ
— ©ǵț — ȌțȔȈȍȚ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ©ȟȚȖ ȏȈȌțȔȣȊȈȚȤșȧ — ©ǬȧȌȦª ȊȗȘȧȋț ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ ȌȈȓȤ
— ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȍȚ ǬȧȌȦȠȒȈ ȟȚȖ Ȏ șȚȈȕȍȠȤ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȒȖȓȤ ȕȈ ©ȕȈȌȖª țȋȖȘȈȏȌȐȓȖ».
ǺȈȒ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȍ Ȑ ȌȖȊȍȓȖșȤ ș ©ǬȧȌȍȦª ȕȈ ȧȘȔȈȘȒț șȢȍȝȈȚȤ
***
ǪȒȘțȋ ȗȘȐȗȖșȍȓȒȖȊȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȖȌȞȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȍ ȗȖȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȓȈșȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȉȖȑȒȈȧ
ȧȘȔȈȘȒȈ — ȕȈ ȋȖȌț ȗȍȘȊȈȧ

211
ǵȈȘȖȌț — ȕȐ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ ȕȐ ȗȘȖȍȝȈȚȤ
ǸȈșȗȘȧȋ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȗȍȘȍȌȣȠȈȚȤ ©ǬȧȌȦª Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȗțșȚȐȓ ȉȍȏ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȐ — țȎ ȉȖ-
ȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȌȍȧȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ©ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȝȓȖȗȖȚ ȕȍ ȌȖȗțșȚȐȚ —- țȔȕȈȧ ȒȖȕȤ!» — ȌțȔȈȓ
ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ
ǰ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȍȘȍșȚțȗȈȧ Ȋ șțȚȖȓȖȒȍ ȗȘȖȔȍȎ ȓȦȌȍȑ Țȍȓȍȋ Ȑ
ȚȖȊȈȘȖȊ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȏȈȗȘȖșȚȖ ȗȖ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȕȈȒȐȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȓ ©ǬȧȌȧª ȊȈȎȕȖ ȚȈȒ
ȗȖ ȧȘȔȈȘȒȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȓ ȟȍȔț ȚȖ ȗȘȐȞȍȕȐȚȤșȧ ȎȍȓȈȧ
ǳȦȌȐ ȌȐȊȧȚșȧ ȚȖȓȒțȦȚ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ
— ©ǳȈȌȕȖȑ ȒȖȕȤª —
— ©ǬȖȉȘȣȑ ȒȖȕȤ!» —
— ©ǲȘȍȗȒȖȑ ȒȖȕȤª —
ǺȈȒ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ Ȑ șȣȗȓȍȚșȧ
ǺȖȚ Ȋ ȏțȉȣ ȏȈȋȓȧȌȐȚ
ǰȕȖȑ ȗȖ ȔȖȘȌȍ Ȓ ȕȖȏȌȘȍ ȘȈșȚȖȗȣȘȍȕȕȖȑ ȓȈȌȖȕȤȦ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȚ
ȅȚȖȚ ȠȓȍȗȕȍȚ ȓȦȉȧ ȗȖ ȏȈȌȕȐȞȍ — ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȚȖȑ ȗȧȚȍȘȕȍȑ ȒȖșȚȧȠȒȈȔȐ
Ǩ ȊȖȚ Ȑ ȖȊșȈ Ȋ ȋȖȘșȚȖȟȒȍ Ȓ ȏțȉȈȔ șțȕțȚ
— ©ǵȍ ȗȘȖȌȈȎȕȣȑ ȓȐ ȒȖȕȧȋȈ"ª
— ©ǬțȘȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȋȖª
ǻȊȓȍȒșȧ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȏȈȒțȗȒȈȔȐ ȌȈ șȋȖȊȖȘȈȔȐ ș ȒțȗȞȈȔȐ ©ǬȧȌȧª Ȑ ȖȚșȚȈȓ ȖȚ
ȕȍȋȖ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț
ǰ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȍȚ Ȗ ȒȖȕȍ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȏȊȍȕȍȓȖ ȏȈȠțȔȍȓȖ ȏȈȚȘȍȡȈȓȖ — ȗȖȖȌȈȓȤ Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ — Ȑ ȒȘȐȒ,
Ȑ ȠțȔ ȕȍȓȈȌȕȣȑ ș ȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȔȍșȚȈ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȓ — ȒȖȕȧ ȕȈ ȟȍȔ șȊȍȚ ȒȖșȚȧȚ
ǪȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ — ȕț ȕȈ ȠțȔ
ǺȈȒ Ȑ ȍșȚȤ: ©ǬȧȌȦª ȏȈ țȏȌȍȟȒț șȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȚ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȉ ©ǬȧȌȧª ȖȚȉȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖ
ȟȍȘȍȗȒȈȔ ȋȖȘȠȍȟȕȣȔ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȚȣȔ ȗȍȘȍșȚțȗȈȍȚ ȉȖȒȖȔ — ȕȍ ȌȈȍȚșȧ
Ǩ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȝȖȌȐȚ ȉȍȏ ȚȖȓȒț ȗȍȘȍșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȧșȤ
ǷȘȖȗțșȚȐȓȐ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ Ȓ ȒȖȕȦ — țȏȕȈȓȐ — ȍȋȖ ȒȖȕȤ
ǵȍ țșȗȍȓ ȗȘȖȚȐșȒȈȚȤșȧ — ș ȒȘȐȒȖȔ ȕȈȓȍȚȍȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȋȖȘȠȍȟȕȐȒ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȏȕȈ-
ȒȖȔȣȑ Ȑȏ șȖșȍȌșȒȖȋȖ șȍȓȈ — ȒȖȘȧȊȣȑ ǪȈȕ-Ȋȍȑ
— ©ȅȚȖ ȚȊȖȧ șȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȠȤ" ȅȝ Țȣ ȗȍȕȤ ȘȈșȚȖȘȖȗȕȣȑ ǸȈȏȊȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȠȈȓȖ-
ȗȈȦ ȚȈȒȖȔț ȊȖȓȦ ȖȚȗțșȒȈȚȤ" ǫȖȓȖȊȈ ȚȊȖȧ șțȟȒȖȊȈȚȈȧ ǲȖȕȧ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ șȗȍȓȖȋȖ ȗȖ
ȟțȎȐȔ ȚȖȊȈȘȈȔ ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȌȖȗțșȒȈȚȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȚȊȖȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ǰȠȤ — Ȗȕ Ȋșȍ
ȔȖȍ ȌȖȉȘȖ ȘȈșȗȖȚȘȖȠȐȓ — ȚȘȐ ȋȖȘȠȒȈ ȗȖȡȈȌȐȓ ǷȖȗȓȈȚȐȠȤșȧ Țȣ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȚȊȖȧ
ȏȈȠȚȖȗȈȕȕȈȧ — ǵȍ ȚȖ ȒȖȕȧ ȖȚȉȍȘț»
— ©ǵȍ ȒȐȗȧȚȐșȤ ǪȈȕ-Ȋȍȑ ǪȍȌȤ Țȣ ȕȍ ȒȖȕȤ — ȋȖȘȠȒȐ ȘȈȏȉȐȊȈȚȤ ǷȘȖȋȓȖȚȐ
ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȧȏȣȒ ȒȖȓȤ ȊȣȗȐȘȈȍȚ ȈȓȤ ȖȚȒțșȐ ȔȈȓȖșȚȤ ǿȚȖ Ȏ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ — ȏȈȗȓȈȟț
Țȍȉȍ șȗȖȓȕȈ — ȔȖȑ ȒȖȕȤ ǹȖșȟȐȚȈȑ ȘȈșȝȖȌ — ȏȈȑȔȐ ȧȏȣȒ ȟȚȖȉ ȏȘȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ
ȕȍ ȉȖȓȚȈȓșȧª
— ©ǵț Ȑ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȐȠȤª
ǫȖȘȠȍȟȕȐȒ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍșȟȐȚȣȊȈȚȤ Ȟȍȕț ȗȍȘȍȉȐȚȖȑ ȗȖșțȌȣ ǵȈșȟȐȚȈȓ șȍȔȤ
Șțȉȓȍȑ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȒȖȗȍȍȒ Ȑ ȊȣȔȖȓȊȐȓ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȖȋȖȘȟȐȓ ©ǬȧȌȧª ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ Ȋȏȧȓ ȒȖȕȧ ȗȖȌ țȏȌȍȟȐȕț ȖȚȊȍȓ
ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȏȈȔȖȚȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ǬȧȌȦȠȒȈ Țȣ șȌȍȓȈȓ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ǫ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȘȈșȝȖȌ ȊȊȍȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ǶȚȌȈȔ

ȊȖȚ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȒțȗȒȐ — ȚȈȒ ș ȋȖȓȣȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕțșȤ Ȋ
ȜȈȕȏț. Ȗȝ ǬȧȌȧ ǬȧȌȧ
ǷȖȌșȓȣȠȈȓ Ȑ ȏȈȓȦȉȖȗȤȋȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȋȖȘȠȍȟȕȐȒ
— Ǩ Ȓ ȟȍȔț Țȣ ȍȋȖ" ȌȧȌȍȑ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȠȤ" ǪȍȌȤ ȧ ș ȚȊȖȐȔ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȒȖȔ ȌȧȌȍȑ Ȋ
ȓȈȌȈȝ ȎȐȓ ǵȍ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȖ ȖȉȐȎȈȚȤ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȒȈ — ȓȖȠȈȌȤȦ ȖȉȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȚȊȖȧ
ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ
ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȗȖȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ǪȈȕ-ȊȍȦ Ȋșȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖ ȌȧȌȐȕȣ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ȗ ȌȖȓȋȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖ
șȖȕ Ȑ ȗȘȖ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȌȧȌȤȍȊȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȎȍȘȍȉȞȈ
ǷȖȓȍȏ ȉȣȓȖ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȘțȒȖȦ ȏȈ ȗȖȧș — ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȊȣȕțȚȤ ȕȖ ȋȖȘȠȍȟȕȐȒ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȖȉȔȧȒ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȘțȒț ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ
— ǵȍ ȚȘțȌȐșȤ ǹȐȕ-Ȍȏȣ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ Ȕȕȍ ȊȖȊșȍ ȚȊȖȐȝ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȇ ȊȐȠȤ ȚȊȖȍȔț
ȌȧȌȍ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȟȒț ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȕȍ ȊȣȗȓȈȚȐȓ Ȉ ȉȣȓ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ  Ș  Ȓ
— ȒȖȗȍȍȟȒȈ Ȋ ȒȖȗȍȍȟȒț ǪȖȚ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȏȈ șȊȖȐȔ ȌȖȓȋȖȔ ȒȊȐȚȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ

ǱǮǲǮǹȊȇǶǸ
ǻ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȝȈȘȟȍȊȕȐ
ǹȚȖȓ ȋȈȌȈȓȤȡȐȒȈ șȚȖȐȚ
ǹȚȈȘȍȞ ȟțȎȍȏȍȔȕȣȑ
©ǯȈȊȚȘȈª ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȚȈȐȚ
ǺȘȐ ȔȖȕȍȚȒȐ ȔȍȌȕȣȝ
ǺțȠȤ Ȑ ȒȐșȚȤ ȕȈ ȚȘȖșȚȕȐȒȍ
ǲȕȐȋȐ șȚȘȖȋȐȍ ȖȚȔȍȚȖȒ
ǶȎȐȌȈȦȚ Ȋ țȋȖȓȒȍ
ǰȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȗȘȖȝȖȎȐȑ
ǶșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȋȈȌȈȚȤ
ǰ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚ
ǿȚȖ șțȌȤȉȈ ȋȖȚȖȊȈ ȌȈȚȤ
ǴțȌȘȖ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ
ǶȚȔȍȟȈȍȚ ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȏȕȈȒ —
ǰ ȔȍȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȘțȒȖȦ
ǺȈȑȕȣ șȌȊȐȕțȚȈ șȚȍȕȈ
ǬȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȖȋȚȧȔȐ
ǷȘȐȌȈȊȐȓ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȒȐ ȓȉȈ
ǰ șȖȕȓȐȊȖ ȚȧȕȍȚ
ǵȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ
ǺȈȑȕȣ ȗȖȒțȗȈȚȍȓȤ
ǶȚșȟȐȚȈȓ ȕȈ șȚȖȓ ȋȘȖȠȐ
ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȋȈȌȈȚȍȓȤ
ǺȈȑȕț ©ȏȈȊȚȘȈª șȚȖȘȖȎȐȚ
ǺȘȐ ȔȖȕȍȚȒȐ ȔȍȌȕȣȝ
ǺțȠȤ Ȑ ȒȐșȚȤ ȕȈ ȚȘȖșȚȕȐȒȍ
ǲȕȐȋȐ șȚȘȖȋȐȍ ȖȚȔȍȚȖȒ
ǶȎȐȌȈȦȚ Ȋ țȋȖȓȒȍ

ȀǾǶ ǿǼǹǻȄǮ
ǶȟȠȜȞȖȖ ȚȜȓȗ ȟȚȓȞȠȖ
[1921]

I
ǪȔȍșȚȖ ǹȖȓȕȞȈ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȊȏȖȠȍȓ ǲȈȘȈȊȈȑ ǽȓȍȉȈ
ǨȘȖȔȈȚȕȣȍ ȓțȟȐ ȏȈȓȐȊȈȓȐ ȏȍȔȓȦ
ǰ ȓȦȌȐ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȘțȒȐ Ȓ ȕȖȊȖȔț șȖȓȕȞț
ǴȐȓȓȐȖȕȣ ȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȎȈȌȕȖ
ǽȓȍȉ ȒȈȘȈȉȒȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȕȍȉț ȌȘȈȏȕȧ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑ ȊșȦ ȚȊȈȘȤ ȏȍȔȕțȦ
ǳȦȌȐ ȉȍȠȍȕȖ ȋȕȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈ șȖȓȕȞȍȔ Ȑ ȕȈ ȏȈȒȈȚȍ ȕȈșȚȐȋȓȐ ȍȋȖ...
ǸȈȏȕȍșȓȐ ȗȖ ȒȘȖȠȒȈȔ ȕȖȊȖȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȗȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ
<…> cȖȓȕȞȍ ȋȖȓȖȌ[ȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ]
II
Ǫ ȌȍȕȤ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ǹȖȓȕȞȈ ȕȈ ȊȖșȚȖȒȍ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓȖ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ
Ǫ ȗȖȓȌȍȕȤ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȓȖ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȊșȦ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȑ Ȋșȍȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ǵȈ ȏȈȒȈȚȍ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ șȚȘȧȝȕțȓȖ ȗȘȖȟȤ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȑ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑ ȏȈȌȍȘȕțȓȖșȤ ȕȖȟȤȦ
III
Ǫ ȌȍȕȤ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȊȔȍșȚȖ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȊȏȖȠȍȓ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȑ ȝȓȍȉȈ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȏȍȘȒȈ-
ȓȍ ǰ șȕȖȊȈ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȓȦȌȐ ȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȉȍȠȍȕȖ ȋȕȈ-
ȓȐșȤ
Ǫ ȗȖȓȌȍȕȤ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȓȖ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ǰ ȓȦȌȐ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ ȊȋȘȣȏȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȝȓȍȉ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ
ǩȍșȗȓȖȌȕȖ. ǩȍșȗȓȖȚȕȖ..
ǵȈ ȏȈȒȈȚȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȈșȚȐȋȓȐ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȋȖ Ȍȕȧ
ǵȖ ȝȓȍȉ ȕȍȌȖșȚȐȎȐȔȖ ȚȈȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȍ
ǳȦȌȐ ȊȚȈȡȐȓȐ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ ș ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȝȓȍȉȖȔ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ
.
.
.
ǰ ȊȍȒȈ ȋȖȘȧȚ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ț ȏȍȘȒȈȓȈ ȕȈȌ ȝȓȍȉȖȔ
ǯȍȘȒȈȓȖ ȉȓȍȒȕȍȚ ȚțșȒȓȖ
ǷȓȍșȕȤ Ȑ ȘȎȈȊȟȐȕȈ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȦȚ Ȋ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȕȖȔ ȝȓȍȉȍ
Ǩ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ șȕȖȊȈ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ
.
.
.
ǹȒȖȔȒȈȑ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȑ ȊȣȠȊȣȘȕȐ Ȋ ȊȍȒȈ
ǷțșȚȤ ȉȖȓȚȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖȌ ȘȍȉȘȈȔȐ ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȐȧ...

ǾǼǿǿǶȍ ǯǳǵ ©Ȉª
ǿȖțȖȗ ǯșȎȑȜ-ǰȓȟȠȪ
(1921)

ǶǰǮǻȁ ǮǹǳǸǿǮǻǲǾǼǰǶȅȁ
ǾȍǵǮǻǼǰǿǸǼǺȁ
ȝȜȟȐȭȧȎȓȠ
ȎȐȠȜȞ
ǨȊȋțșȚ  ȋȖȌ
ǽȈȘȉȐȕ
ǷȍȘȖ ȊȏȢȧȘȍȕȕȖȍ Ȑȏ ȕȖȎȕ
ǷȍȘȖ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ șȚȘȍȓȖȑ —
ǺȘȍȊȖȋț ȚȘȈțȘȕțȦ ȔȕȖȎȤ
ǹȍȘȌȞȈ ȖȎȖȋȈȔȐ ȖȚȒȘȖȑ

221
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȟȤȍȔț Ȕȧșț ȒȘȈșȕȖȒȖȎȍȑ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ
ȊȣȉȓȦȌȒț ȚȖȓȗȣ — ȗȖȥȚț ȎȍȓțȌȖȟȕȖȋȖ
șȖȒȈ — ǴȈȧȒȖȊșȒȖȔț — ȈȊȚȖȘț
«150000000»
ǵȍ șȚȘȈȠȍȕ Țȣ — ȉȍȏ ȐȔȍȕȐ ȔȐȓȓȤȖȕȕȣȑ
ǵȍ ȋȘȖȏȍȕ Țȣ, ȉȍșȟȍșȚȕȣȑ ȉȍȏ ȓȐȞȈ
ǫȓȈȊȣ ȗȖȥȚ ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȒȓȖȕȐȚ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȚȖȓȗȖȑ — ȘȈȉȣȕȍȑ ȗȈȓȈȟȈ
ǺȈȒ ȟȚȖ Ȏ ȊȈș ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȔȐȓȓȤȖȕȣ
Ƿȓȍȕȍȕȕȣȝ ǲȘȈșȕȖȦ ǯȊȍȏȌȖȑ —
ǵȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȏȘȧȟȍȍ ȖȚȒȓȖȕȐȚ
ǪȈȠ ȗțȚȤ — ǲȘȖȊȈȊȖȑ ǵȖȊȐȏȕȖȑ
ǬȍȊȐȏ ǨȕȚȐȝȘȐșȚȈ — ȗȍȟȈȚȤ
ǰ «ǩȘȈȚșȚȊȖ» — ǲȈȐȕȖȊȈ ȘȖȌȈ
ǰ ȏȈȊȐșȚȤ — «ǸȈȊȍȕșȚȊȖª țȘȖȌȈ
«ǹȊȖȉȖȌȈ» — ș ȘȈȉșȒȖȋȖ ȗȓȍȟȈ
— ǺȈȒ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȉȘȈȚȤȧ ȘȈȊȕȣȍ ȕȈ ȘȖȏȕȤ,
ǫȓȖȌȈȑȚȍ șȋȘȣȏȈȕȕțȦ ȒȖșȚȤ ȌȍȊȐȏȈ —
«ǩȘȈȚșȚȊȖ, ǸȈȊȍȕșȚȊȖ ǹȊȖȉȖȌȈ», —
ǭȍ ȗȖȌȉȘȖșȐȓ ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ǫȖșȚȤ —
ǸȈȉȈȔ Ȑ ǲȈȐȕȈȔ țȘȖȌȈȔ

222
I
Ǹțȉȧ ș ȗȓȍȟȈ
ǵȖ — șȊȖȍȋȖ
ǵȖ — ȕȍ ȋȖȓȖȊț .
ǺȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ — ȕȍ ȋȖȓȖȊț
ǹȖșȍȌȈ-ȗȈȓȈȟȈ!
— ǸțȉȐ ș ȗȓȍȟȈ Ȑ ȊȌȘȍȉȍȏȋȐ —
ǹ ȘȈȏȔȈȝț
ǷȓȈȝț ȗȈȓȈȟȈ
II
ǸȖșșȐȧ — șȔțȚȕȈȧ șȚȘȈȕȈ
ȇ ȚȊȖȑ ȐȏȉȘȈȕȕȐȒ ȧșȕȣȑ
ǪȖ Ȕȕȍ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȈ —
Ǻȣ ȘȌȧȕȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ
III
©ǷȖȌȕȧȊȠȐȑ Ȕȍȟ —
ǷȖȋȐȉȕȍȚ ȖȚ ȔȍȟȈ».
— ǵȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȖȚȔȍȟȈȚȤ
ǵȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȚȤ
Ǵȍȟȍȑ ȖȚȓȐȟȕțȦ ȗȍȟȈȚȤ
ǲȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ǵȍȟ ȗȖȌȕȧȊȠȍȋȖ"
ǲȖȚȖȘȣȑ ǴȍșȚȐ Ǵȍȟ
ǲȈȘȈȦȡȍ ȖȗțșȚȐȚșȧ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ"
ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ
ǹȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȊȖȏȕȐȒ
.......

223
ǵǻǮǺǳǻȊǳ ǵǻǮǺǳǻǶ
— «ǬȈ ǪȖșȒȘȍșȕȍȚ ǩȖȋ Ȑ ȘȈșȚȖȟȈȚșȧ
ȊȘȈȏȐ ǭȋȖ»
— ǹȊȖȦ ǳȍȗȚț — ȕȈȏȘȍȊȈȦȡȍȍ ǹȓȖȊȖ — ȉȘȖșȈȦ
ȉȘȈȚȤȧ Ȋ ǪȈȠȐ ȕȈȉȈȚȣ — șȍȘȌȞȈ
— ǸțșșȒȐȍ ȒȓȖȒȖȟțȡȐȍ șȍȘȌȞȈ, — șȓȈȊȧȕșȒȐȍ
ȕȈȉȈȚȣ — ȕȍ ȏȈȋȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ȔȖȍ — ȗȖȥȚȖȊȖ
ǹȓȖȊȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȋȘȖȝȖȟțȡȍȑ ȕȍȔȖȚȖȑ, —
ȐȉȖ ȍșȓȐ ȧ ȊȖȐșȚȐȕț — șȓȖȊȖȚȍȘȗȍȞ
ȝȖȌȈȚȈȑ ǪȈȠ, — ȚȖ — ȊȖȐșȚȐȕț ȧ —
ȖȚȊȍȘȋȕțȚȈȧ ȕȈșțȡȕȈȧ ȓȈȊȈ — Ȑȏ
șȈȔȣȝ ȗțȟȐȕȕȣȝ ȕȍȌȘ — ǪȈȠȍȑ
ȘȈȏȢȧȘȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȍȔȖȚȣ
ǵȍ ȏȈȋȓțȠȈȑȋȍ ǲȈȐȕȖȊȈ ȘȈșȒȈȧȕȐȧ
— ǿț
ǸȈșȗȧȚȈȧ ǸțșȤ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȓȈ!!
...ǺȘȐ ȞȊȍȚȈ — ǹȈȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȍȓȍȕȈ
ǩȍȓȖ-șȐȕȍ-ȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ǯȕȈȔȍȕȐ —
ȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȣ ȕȍȚȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȈȔȐ
...ǶȚȊȍȘȋȕȐȚȍ ȓȐ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȖȚ ȔȖȍȋȖ
șȍȘȌȞȈ ǳȈȏȈȘȐ ȊȖ ǽȘȐșȚȍ"
 ȇȕȊȈȘȤ  ȋȖȌ

224
Ƕǵ ȄǶǸǹǮ ©ǯǹǮǱǼǰǳǿȀȊ ǿǶǻǶȃª
«ǲȈȔȍȕȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȚȊȍȘȋȓȐ șȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȐ
ȕȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȌȍȓȈȓșȧ ȋȓȈȊȖȦ țȋȓȈ».
— ǯȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȑ șȚȘȈȕȈ
— ǸȖȌȐȕȈ șȔțȚȕȈȧ —
«ǬȖȉȘȖȋȖ țȚȘȈ» —
ǶȚ ȉȓțȌȕȖȋȖ șȣȕȈ ȗȘȐȔȐ
ǹȍȘȌȞȈ ȚȍȘȕȖȊȣȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȚ
ǩȍȓȖ-șȐȕȍ-ȒȘȈșȕȈȧ
ǹȒȐȕțȚȈ ȔȈșȒȈ —
— ǸȖȌȐȕȈ ȗȘȈȏȌȕțȑ
ǳȐȒȖȔ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȔ
ǰȏ ȚȓȍȕȈ
ǳȐȒțȑ —
ǶȏȈȘȍȕȕȈȧ ǸțșȤ
ǩȍȓȖ-ȉȣȓȖȍ
— ǲȘȈșȕȖȍ — ȕȣȕȍ
ǹȐȕȧȧ — ȊȣșȤ.
— ǷȘȖȠȓȈȧ ǸȖȌȐȕȈ
— ǸțșȤ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȈȧ
— ǪȍȟȕȈȧ ǸȖȌȐȕȈ — ǸțșȤ —
ǹȊȍȚȓȖ
ǫȘȧȌțȡȐȔ ȋȘȧȌȐ
ǷȓȈȔȍȕȤ șȓȈȊȧȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȓȍȔȍȕȐ
ǪȈȓȖȔ ȌȍȊȧȚȣȔ
ǲȘȖȊȈȊȖȋȖ ȕȈȚȐșȒȈ
ǪȣȘȊȈȓ Ȑȏ ȗȓȍȕȈ
ǵȍȚȓȍȕȕȣȑ țȌȍȓ
ȅȘȣ ȐȕȖȑ
ǻȏȍȓ ȊȍȒȖȊ
ǸțșȤ — ȘȈșșȍȒȓȈ —
ǫȘȖȔȖȔ șȍȘȌȍȞ —
ǸțȠȍȕȈ ǫȘȈȕȤ
ǫȘȍȔȧȡȐȑ ȒȘȖȊȖȗȈȌ
ǴȐȓȓȐȖȕȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȗȈȓ —
ǫȘȧȌțȡȍȋȖ șȚȖȗȈȔ

225
ǸțșȤ ȌȍȚȍȑ șȊȖȐȝ ȕȍșȔȍȚȕȖ
ǸȈșȚȍȘȏȈȕȤȦ ȖȉȘȍȒȓȈ —
ǸȈȌȐ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȈ
ǵȍțȚȘȈȚȕȖȋȖ ǻȚȘȈ
ǸțșȤ șȍȘȌȞȈȔȐ ȕȍ țșȚȈȕȍȚ
ǩȐȚȤșȧ — ȉȐȚȤșȧ ȉȍȏ ȒȖȕȞȈ
— ǬȖ ȗȖȉȍȌȕȖȋȖ ȊȍȕȟȈȕȤȧ
ǩȍȏȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȊȍȕȞȈ
ȅȚȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ
ǹȓȈȊȧȕȐȕȈ
ǸȈșȒȈȟȈȓȖ
ȀȈȘ ȏȍȔȕȖȑ
ǹȔȍȘȚȐȦ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȗȖȗȘȈȊ
ǹȓȈȊȤșȧ șȓȈȊȧȕșȒȈȧ ȒȘȖȊȤ
ǹȓȈȊȖȦ ǹȓȖȊȈ — ǺȊȖȘȞȈ
ǳȐȒȖȔ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȔ ȓȐȒțȑ
ǶȏȈȘȍȕȕȈȧ ǸțșȤ
ǸȈȌȖșȚȐ ȘȈȌȐ
ǸȖȌȐȕȈ ȗȘȈȏȌȕțȑ
ǲȘȖȊȤȦ ǽȘȐșȚȈ
ǼȓȈȋ ȘȈșȚȖȘȋȕțȚ — ȘȈșȚȘȖȍȕ
ǵȈ ȚȘȐ ȞȊȍȚȈ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕ
ǩȍȓȖ-ǹȐȕȍ-ǲȘȈșȕȈȧ
ǹȋȐȕțȓȈ ǴȈșȒȈ

226
ǵǻǮǸ ǮǵǯȁǸǶ
ǪȖȏȓȍ ȗȖȉȐȚȣȝ ȉțȒȊ Ȑȏ ȈȏȉțȒȐ)
«ǰȏ ȗȍșȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȕȍ ȊȣȒȐȕȍȠȤ»
ǩȍȏȋȘȈȔȖȚȕȣȑ ǺȐȚȈȕ
ǷȓȦȋȈȊȣȑ ǫȘȈȔȖȚȍȑ
ǸȖșșȐȦ ȘȈȏȔȍȚȈȓ, —
Ǫ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȑ șțȍȚȍ —
ǲ ȊșȍȔȐȘȕȣȔ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȔ
Ǭȓȧ ȋȖȘȍșȚȕȣȝ ȏȈȚȍȑ
— ǩȍȏȋȘȈȔȖȚȕȣȑ ǺȐȚȈȕ
ǰ ǷȘȍșȕȣȑ ǫȘȈȔȖȚȍȑ,
ǺȊȖȧ ȓȐ șțȍȚȈ —
ǻ ȧȚȍȑ Ȑ ȍȘȍȑ" —
ǪȏȢȧȘȐȓșȧ ȌȖșȣȚȈ
ǰ ǨȏȉțȒț ȐȏȢȍȓ —
ǩȍȏȋȘȈȔȖȚȕȣȑ ǺȐȚȈȕ
ǰ ȘȈȕȕȐȑ ǫȘȈȔȖȚȍȑ
ǬȖ ǨȏȉțȒȐ ȊȖșșȚȈȓ
ǹȓȈȊȧȕșȒȐȑ ǷȘȖȔȍȚȍȑ
ǷȖȝȔȍȓȤȧ ȕȍȌȖțȟȤȧ
ǰ — ȗȍȘȍȗȖȐ ȒȕȐȋȈȘȍȑ —
ǷȘȖȟȤ ȒȖșȕȖȧȏȣȟȈȡȐȍ ȒȘțȟȐ
ǰȏȧȓȐ ȉțȒȊȈȘȍȑ
ǹȓȍȗȖȑ ț ȒȕȐȋȐ — ȉȍȏ ȈȏȈ —
ǶȚȒȘȣȓ ȊȏȢȧȘȍȕȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǹȓȍȗȖȑ ȖȚ ȒȕȐȋȐ — ȐȕȊȈȓȐȌ —
ǩȍcșȖȟȤȍ Ȋ ȉțȒȊȈȝ țȚȖȓȐȓ
.
.
.
ǰȏȢȧȚȖ ࣍ Ȑȏ ȗȍșȕȐ ȓȍȉȍȌȐȕȖȑ
ǰ Ȃ — ȕȍȏȕȈȕȐȍȔ ȖȚȘȐȕțȚ!..
ǰ ǰ — ȚȘȍȝȞȊȍȚȕȖȍ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȤȍ
ǹȔȍȠȈȓȖ șȔțȚȕȖȍ ȏȈȚȔȍȕȤȍ

227
ǲȈȒȖȑ ȗȘȖȎȖȘȓȐȊȣȑ șȒțȗȍȞ
ǸȖșșȐȐ ©Ȉȏȣª ȖșȒȖȗȐȓ"
— ǲȈȒȖȑ ȕȍȗȘȖȠȍȕȣȑ ȒțȗȍȞ
ǸțșȐ ȕȈșȓȍȌȐȍ șȒțȗȐȓ?!!.
ǰȏ ȗȍșȕȐ ȊȣȒȐȕțȚȖ — ǹȓȖȊȖ —
ǲȘȖȊȈȊȖȑ ȉȍȠȍȕȖȑ ȖȉȕȖȊȖȑ
.
.
.
.
.
.
Ƕ, ǸțșȤ!. Ƕ, ȈȏȉțȒȈ ȘȖȌȕȈȧ
Ƕ, ࣍, — ȘȖȌȐȔȖȍ ȗȧȚȕȖ —
ǴȍȟȚȈȔȐ șȈȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȟȈȦ
ǪȍȘȕțȚȤ ȟȚȖ ǸȖȌȐȕȖȑ ȌȈȕȖ
.
.
.
.
.
.
...ǿȚȖ ȚȊȍȘȌȣȔ ȏȕȈȒȖȔ ȖȉȊȍȕȟȈȦ? —
— ǵȈ ǸȖȌȐȕȍ ȚȍȔȕȖ
ǹȖȋȓȈșȕȣȝ ȉțȒȊ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȦ
— ǹȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖ
Ƕ ǸțșȤ — Ȗ ȈȏȉțȒȈ ȘȖȌȕȈȧ
Ƕ, ȌȈȑ ȗȘȐȓȤȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȚȊȖȍȔ ȖȌȘȍ
Ǫ țȚȘȈȚȈȝ ǸțșȤ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȊȈȧ,
ǰ ȌȈȎȍ «ȊȍȘȦ» ȟȍȘȍȏ ©ǭª...
.
.
.
.
.
.
...Ƕ, ǺȘȍȝșȖȚȓȍȚȐȧ ǪȍșȕȈ,
ǵȍ ȚȘȖȕȤ ȌȘȍȔțȟȐȑ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ©Ȃª —
ǵȍ țȏȕȈȕȕȣȑ ǷȘȐȟȈșȚȕȐȒȖȔ —
șȖ șȕȈ.

228
ǱǾǶǱǼǾȊǳǰ ǸǾȁǱ
©ǺȘȐșȚȈ ȓȍȚ ȗȘȖȌȓȐȚșȧ Ȗȕ șȖȕª
ǷțȠȒȐȕ
ȅȝ ȖȚȘȍȗȤȍ ȕȈ ȘȈșȗțȚȤȐ...
ǵȍȗțȚȍȊȈ ȋȖȓȣȚȤȉȈ
ǺȘȍȝșȖȚȓȍȚȐȍ ȓȤ ȐȏȉțȌȍȚ
— ǿȚȖ șȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȈ ǹțȌȤȉȈ"
ǹȚȍȕȤȒȖȑ ǸȈȏȐȕȣȔ ȏȈȒȈȏȈȕ
ǷțȋȈȟȍȊȣȔ ȕȈȘȍȟȍȕ —
«ǶȚ ǨȔțȘȈ ȌȖ ǲȈȊȒȈȏȈ» —
ǶȚ ȋȘțȏȐȕ ȌȖ ȖȘȖȟȍȕ
ȅȝ ȖȚȘȍȗȤȍ ȕȈ ȘȈșȗțȚȤȐ
ǵȍȗțȚȍȊȈ ȋȖȓȣȚȤȉȈ
Ǫșȍ ȕȈȘȖȌȣ ȗȍȘȍȗțȚȈȓ
Ǭȓȧ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȣȝ ȏȈȉȈȊ
Ǫ ȚȘȍȝșȖȚȓȍȚȐȧȝ ȚȘȐ ȞȊȍȚȈ
ǳȈȗȖȚȒȈȔȐ ȘȈȏȕȖșȐȓ"...
ǸȈșȗȘȖșȚȍȘȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȓșȊȍȚȈ
ǯȕȈȔȧ ȏȕȈȚȕȖȍ ǸțșȐ
— ȅȥȥȝ — ȔțȎȐȞȒȖȑ ȓȐ ȗȍȟȈȚȤȦ"
ǷȖȗȈȌȤȐ ȓȤ ȕȍȓȈȌȕȖȑ — ȋȘȍȝ"
ǿȚȖ ǶȚȘȍȗȤȍȊȣȔ ȏȈȟȈȚȖ —
ǺȖ Ȋ ǸȈșȗțȚȐȕșȒȖȔ ȖȌȘȍ!!!..
...ȅȝ ȖȚȘȍȗȤȍ ȕȈ ȘȈșȗțȚȤȐ!..
ǵȍȗțȚȍȊȈ ȋȖȓȣȚȤȉȈ..
ǺȘȍȝșȖȚȓȍȚȤȍ ȓȐ ȐȏȉțȌȍȚ
ǬȊȈ ǫȘȐȋȖȘȤȍȊȣȝ ȋȖȘȉȈ?!.

229
ǸǮǾǹ ǺǮǾǸǿ ǶǹǶ ȃǾǶǿȀǼǿ"
«ȇ ȍșȔȤ ǨȓȤȜȈ Ȑ ǶȔȍȋȈ ǵȈȟȈȓȖ
Ȑ ǲȖȕȍȞ ǷȍȘȊȣȑ Ȑ ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑª.
ǶȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȐȍ ǹȊȧȚȖȋȖ ǰȖȈȕȕȈ
ǫȓȈȊȈ 22. — 13)
ǹȒȈȎȐ Ȕȕȍ șȒȐȜ,
ǶȚȊȍȚȤ Ȕȕȍ, ȘȖșș,
Ǫ ȔȖȐ ȕȐ-ȏȋȐ
ǵȈ ȔȖȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș
— ǷȖȘȖȒ ȐȓȐ ǷȘȖȘȖȒ.
ǶȚȊȍȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȘȖșș,
ǹȒȈȎȐ Ȕȕȍ șȒȐȜ
Ǫ Ȗȋȕȍ țȋȘȖȏ
Ǫ Țȍȉȍ ȊȖȏȕȐȒ:
— ǷȖȘȖȒ ȐȓȐ ǷȘȖȘȖȒ"
ǶȚȊȍȚȤ Ȕȕȍ șȒȐȜ
ǹȒȈȎȐ Ȕȕȍ ȘȖșș
ǷțȚȐ țȏȒȐ...
ȀȐȘȖȒ ȗȖȘȖȋ
— ǷȘȖȘȖȒ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȘȖȒ"!
ǹȒȈȎȐ Ȕȕȍ șȒȐȜ,
ǶȚȊȍȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȘȖșș...
Ǫ ȕȐȏȋȐ ȔȖȏȋȈ
ǵȈ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȔȘȈȒ..
ǶȚȊȍȚȤ Ȕȕȍ șȒȐȜ
ǵȈ ȔȖȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș
ǹȒȈȎȐ Ȕȕȍ ȘȖșș:
ǲȈȘȓ ǴȈȘȒș ȐȓȐ ǽȘȐșȚȖș?!
_____
ǽȜȟȐȭȧ
ǿȜȢȪȓ ǮșȓȘȟȎțȒȞȜȐțȓ Ȇ

230
ǸǾǮǿǻǮȍ ǽǹǼȇǮǲȊ ǾȁǿǶ
— ǲȚȖ ȕȈșȍȧȓ ȖȒȈȧȕȕȣȑ
ȅȚȐ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȉțȘȤȧȕȣ"
— ǿȤȧ ȗȘȖȎȖȘȓȐȊȈȧ ȓȖȎȤ
ǷȖ ȗȖȓȧȔ ȐȏȋȘȣȏȓȈ ȘȖȎȤ"
ǲȚȖ ȕȈȊȍȧȓ — ȖȒȈȧȕȕȣȑ
ȅȚȐ șȔȘȈȌȕȣȍ ȌțȘȔȈȕȣ"
ǫȓȈȏ ȌțȘȕȖȑ ȐȏȋȓȈȏȐȓ ȟȍȑ
ǽȓȍȉ ȕȍȘȖȌȧȡȐȝ ȗȖȓȍȑ"
ǲȚȖ ȘȈșȒȐȌȣȊȈȓ — ȗȖȋȈȕȣȑ —
ǵȈ ȗțȚȧȝ ȚȊȖȐȝ ȒȈȗȒȈȕȣ"
ȇȌȖȕȖșȕȣȑ ȟȍȑ ȧȏȣȒ
ǯȈȚȖȟȐȓ Țȍȉȧ Ȋ țȏȓȣ"
— ǲȚȖ ȕȍșȔȍȚȕȣȑ ǩȖȋȈȚȣȘȤ —
ǷȍȘȍȗțȚȈȓ ȚȊȖȑ țȌȍȓ".
ǲȚȖ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȐȑ ȗȖȊȖȌȣȘȤ —
ǬȖȋȖȓȈ Țȍȉȧ ȘȈȏȌȍȓ"
ǷȘȖȝȖȌȐȔȍȞ ȓȐ ȉȍȏȘȖȌȕȣȑ
ǺȊȖȑ ȖȟȈȋ ȐșȗȍȗȍȓȐȓ"
ǩȘȈȚȈ ș ȉȘȈȚȤȧȔȐ — ȘȈșȚȖȘȋȕțȓ
ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȏȓȖȉȖȑ ȖȗȖȐȓ
ǿȍȑ ȕȍȗȘȖȠȍȕȣȑ ȌȖȏȖȘ
ǴșȚȐȓ șȊȧȚȣȕȧȔ Ȑ ȞȍȘȒȊȧȔ"
ǲȍȔ ȏȈȒȈȏȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȏȖȘ
ǹȔȖȚȘ ȕȍȚȓȍȦȡȐȔ ȔȖȡȈȔ"
ǬȖȋȓȧȌȐșȤ — ȏȈȊȖȘȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ
ǯȈ ǲȘȍȔȓȍȊșȒțȦ șȚȍȕț
— ǲȚȖ ȊȖȏȊȖȌȐȚ — ȗȖȌ ȒȖȘȖȕȖȑ —
ǲ ȔȍșȚț ȓȖȉȕȖȔț șȚȘȈȕț" —

231
ǽǼǲ ǸǾǮǿǻǼǷ ǵǰǳǵǲǼǷ
«ǷȓȖȡȈȌȤ ǲȘȈșȕȈȧª — ǹȚȘȈȕȈ
«ǴȍșȚȖ ǳȖȉȕȖȍ» — ǷȘȍșȚȖȓ
— ǪȖȞȈȘȐȓșȧ ǹȈȚȈȕȈ
ǷȖȌ ȖȚȊȍȘȋȕțȚȣȔ ǲȘȍșȚȖȔ
ǷȈȓȈȟȖȔ Ȋ ȘțȉȈȝȍ ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ,
ǯȕȈȒ — ǲȘȖȊȈȊȈȧ ȏȊȍȏȌȈ,) —
ǹȈȚȈȕȈ șȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ
ǷȖȏȈȉȣȚȖȋȖ ǽȘȐșȚȈ

232
ǿǸǶȀǮǹȊȄǮǺ ǾǼǿǿǶǶ
ǷȖșȊ
ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘț ǼȍȖȌȖȘȖȊȐȟț
ǺȖȗȖȘȒȖȊț.
ǫȘȖȏȣ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȍ ǸțșȤ ȘȈȏȔȍȚȈȓȐ
ǪȍȚȍȘ ȕȈȋȘȧȕțȓ Ȑ ȒȘȖȊȓȐ șȖȘȊȈȓ
ǪȤȦȋȐ — ȖȟȈȋ ȖȚȟȐȑ ȌȖȔ ȘȈșȚȍȘȏȈȓȐ
ǷȖ ȔȐȘț șȖȕȔȣ ȉȓțȎȌȈȦȚ ȉȘȖȌȧȋ.
ǩȖȎȤȧ ȖȗȈȓȈ ȓȐ" ǩȖȎȤȧ ȏȈȉȖȚȈ"
ǲȈȘȈ" ǵȈȋȘȈȌȈ" ǶȚ ȞȍȗȐ Ȓ ȞȍȗȧȔ" —
— ǩȍȎȍȕȍȞ ǸȖȌȐȕȣ — ȘȈȌȐ «șȊȖȉȖȌȣ» —
ǲ ȔțȒȈȔ ȟțȎȉȐȕȣ — ȘȈȏȓțȒȖȑ ȘȈșȗȧȚ
ǷȖ ȔȐȘț ȗțȡȍȕȣ ȕȐȡȐȔȐ ȉȘȈȚȤȧ
ǸȖȌȐȕȈ ȔȈȚȤ ȓȐ ȗȖȌȒȐȌȣȠȍȔ — Ȑȝ
ǲȐȕțȓȈ ǲȈȐȕȖȔ șȐȘȖ șȒȐȚȈȚȤșȧ
Ǫ ȗȣȚȒȈȝ șțȘȖȊȣȝ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȧȝ ȟțȎȐȝ"
ǫȖȘȍ ȕȈȗȘȖȠȍȕȖ — ȚȧȎȒȖȑ șțȔȖȦ
Ǫ ȖȒȕȈ ȟțȎȉȐȕȣ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ ȚȖșȒȍ
ǸȖȌȐȕȖȑ ȕȐȡȍȍ — șȍȘȌȞȍ ȕȍȔȖȍ
ǮȌȍȚ ȗȖȌȈȧȕȤȧ: — ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȈ Ȓ ǴȖșȒȊȍ
ǰ ȉȍȏ ȗȘȐȦȚȈ ȉȍȏ ȗȘȈȊȈ ȏȈȡȐȚȣ
Ǫ ȗțȚȈȝ ȐȏȋȕȈȕȤȧ ȏȈȉȘȖȠȍȕ ȐȏȋȖȑ
ǷȈșȣȕȒȖȔ ǸȖȌȐȕȣ ȚȘȈțȘȕȖ ȘȣȡȍȚ
ǪșȦȌț ȕȍȏȊȈȕȣȑ ȕȍȗȘȖȠȍȕȣȑ ȋȖșȚȤ
ǹ ǪȖȓȋȐ — ȕȈ ǳȍȕț Ȑȏ ǲȘȣȔȈ — Ȓ ǩȈȑȒȈȓț
ǹ ǶȔșȒȈ Ȋ — ǶȌȍșșț ș ǴȖșȒȊȣ Ȋ ǵȤȦ-ǱȖȘȒ
ǹ ȆȋȈ — ȕȈ ǹȍȊȍȘ... ȖȚ ȒȘȈȧ ȌȖ ȒȘȈȧ
ǹ ȔȍșȚȈ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ Ȑ ȊȕȖȊȤ.
ǴȍȟțȚșȧ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȊȏȢȧȘȍȕȕȖȑ ǸȖșșȐȐ
ȁȍȗȣ ȗȖ ȔȐȘț ȘȈȏȕȖșȐȚ ȊȖȓȕȈ
ǴȓȍȟȕȖȍ ȋȖȘȍ ȌȖ ȚȘȖȕȈ ǴȍșșȐȐ —
Ǫ ǿȈȠȍ ǪșȍȔȐȘȐȧ — ǸțșȤ ȊȖȏȕȍșȓȈ

ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȔȐȋ —
ǷȖșȚȐȋ
ǸȖșșȐȧ — ǸȖȌȐȕȈ ȔȖȧ
ǪȖșșȚȈȕȍȚ ȊȕȖȊȤ
ǿȚȖȉ ȊȖșșȐȧȚȤ! —
ǸȈșȗȧȓȐȞȈ ǸȖșșȐȧ
ǰșȒțȗȐȚ ȋȘȍȝ ǲȘȖȊȈȊȣȑ
ǯȈ ȔȐȘ — ȖȌȕȈ
ǯȈȔȐȘ—ȖȌȕȈ—
ǸȖșșȐȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ
ǸȖșșȐȧ — ȕȍȉȍșȈ —
ǪșȍȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȍȉȍșȈ

ȁǸǾǮǲǳǻǻǮȍ ǿǺǳǾȀȊ
ǻȎ ȝȓȞȓȘȞȓȟȠȘȎȣ ȟȚȓȞȠȖ
[1921]

236
ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȀȚȍȗșȍȓȤ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖȊȐȚȖ ȗȘȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ șȊȖȍ-
ȋȖ șȖșȍȌȈ ȗȖ șȚȖȓȐȒț — ȏȈȉȘȍȌȠȍȋȖ șȓțȟȈȍȔ Ȋ ȟȈȑȕțȦ ©ȜȘȈȍȘȈª
©ǼȘȈȍȘȖȔª ȗȖ ȊȖȘȖȊșȒȖȔț ȎȈȘȋȖȕț ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȚȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȐȓȐ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȗȖȎȐȊȐȚȤșȧ ǩțȒȊȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ — ȍșȓȐ ȚȈȒȖ-
ȊȖȑ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȍȕ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȍȚ — ©ȉȖȋȈȚȣȑ ȋȖșȚȤª
ǼȘȈȍȘ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȣȗȐȊȈȓ șȚȈȒȈȕ ȏȈ șȚȈȒȈȕȖȔ ȟȈȑ Ȑȏ ȒȘțȋȓȖȋȖ ȗțȏȈȚȖȋȖ ȟȈȑ-
ȕȐȒȈ
ǬȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȣ ȗȖȘȣȊȐșȚȣ Ȑ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȌȈȎȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȣ ǺȖȟȕȖ
Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȐșȤ șȈȔȐ ȗȖ șȍȉȍ șȈȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȖ
șȊȖȐȔȐ ȗȖȔȣșȓȈȔȐ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȈȔȐ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȊȖȊșȍ ȐȓȐ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ
șȓțȟȈȍ ȉȣȓ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ Ȑ ȖȚ ȟȈȧ șȚȈȒȈȕȈ ȟȈȑȕȐȒȈ șȚȖȓȐȒȈ Ȑ Ȋșȍȑ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȐ ȟȈȑ-
ȕȖȑȅȚȖ ȏȈȉȈȊȓȧȓȖ ǪȈșȤȒț Ȉ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ Ȑ ȗȖȌȉȈȌȘȐȊȈȓȖ
— ǺȈȒȖȋȖ ȟțȌȈȒȈ șȠȍȓțȠȐȚȤ — ȌȊȍ ȗȈȘȣ ȗțșȚȧȒȖȊ — ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗȕ, ©ș ȍȊȖ ȠȚȈ-
ȕȣ șȕȐȔȐ ȟȍȟȈș Ȗȕ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȋȓȧȌȐȚșȧª ȖșȚȘȐȓ ȗȘȖ șȍȉȧ ȀȚȍȗșȍȓȤ Ȑ ȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ
țȎȍ ȗȖȠȈȘȐȊȈȓ ȗȖ ȘȈșȚȖȗȣȘȍȕȕȣȔ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈȔ ȜȘȈȍȘȈ
ǲȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȜȘȈȍȘ ȕȍȘȊȕȖ ȏȊȧȒȕțȓ ȓȖȎȒȖȑ ȗȖ șȚȈȒȈȕț Ȑ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ
ȊȣȝȊȈȚȐȓ Ȑȏ ȉȖȒȖȊȖȋȖ ȗȐȌȎȈȟȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒ ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȐȓșȧ
©ǰ-Ȑ-ȣȝ ǻ ȍȋȖ ȚȈȔ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȉțȔȈȎȍȒ ȏȘȧ ȒȖȗȖȠȈȚșȧ — ǪȈșȦȚț ȗȖȌȎȐȌȈȦȚª
— Ȑ șȔȈȟȕȖ ȗȖȚȍȘ ȗȖȚȍȦȡȐȍ ȖȚ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ
ǼȘȈȍȘ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȟȈȑȕȖȑ
ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȗȖȓȖȊȖȋȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȖ ȗȘȖȞȍȌȐȓ
— «ǯȈȒȐȕȤ-ȒȈ ȌȘțȎȍ ȕȈ ȔȖȑ șȟȍȚȐȒ ȟȈȑ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȗȈȘț ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȐȝ ȒȈ-
ȓȈȟȍȑª
ǰ ȜȈșȖȕȐșȚȖ-ȕȍȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȗȖȌȓȈȎȐȊȈȧ ț ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȒȍȗȒț ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȌȍȕȕȖȑ
ȟȈȑȕȖȑ
— ©ǰȠȤ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȠȗȈȈȘȐȊȈȍȚ ȕȍȓȈȌȕȖȑ ǬȖ țȋȓȈ ȌȖșȒȖȟȐȓ ȅ-ȥ-ȥ ȊȘȍȠȤ
ȉȘȈȈȚ ȖȚ ǪȈșȤȒȐ ȀȚȍȗșȍȓȧ ȕȍ țȑȌȍȠȤ ǵȍ ǹȍȘȍȋȈ ȒȖșȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈșȣ-
ȗȈȚȤ ȚȖ Ȑ ȋȖȘȈȏȌ Țȍȉȍ ȗȖȗțȚȟȐȓșȧ ǵȍ ǹȍ-Șȍ-ȋȈ ǪȈșȤȒȈ ǪȈșȤȒȈ șȍȉȧ ȕȍ țȗțș-
ȚȐȚ ȉȘȈȚ — Ȑȏ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȒȖȓȖȌȣª
ǰ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȏȈȌȖȘȐșȚȖȔ Ȍțȝȍ ȉȖȑȒȖ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȧȚȤ ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȏȖȘȒȖ șȓȍ-
ȌȐȓ ȏȈ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȍȘȚȊȖȑ.
— ©Ǫ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȑ Ǫ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȅȚȖ ȉȘȈȚ ȕȈȔ ȕȈ ȘțȒțª
ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȋ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȑȕȣȑ ȝȊȖșȚ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȏȈȚȣȓȖȒ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȍȘȚȊȣ
ǹȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȀȚȍȗșȍȓȤ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȖȌȖȉȘȧȓ ȥȚț ȕȖȊțȦ ȏȈȚȍȦ — ȚȘȈȔȊȈȑȕȣȍ
ȝȊȖșȚȣ — ȖȕȐ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȔȍȠȈȓȐ ȍȔț Ǫ ȚȖȓȗȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊșȧȒ ȚȖȘȖȗȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȑ
ȉȣȓȖ ȒțȌȈ șȗȖșȖȉȕȍȑ țȌȐȚȤ ȗȖ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈȔ. ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȖȊșȍ ©șȖȠȍȓ» ș ȚȘȈȔ-
ȊȈȑȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȥȚȐȝ șȈȔȣȝ ȕȍȓȈȌȕȣȝ ȝȊȖșȚȖȊ
ǵȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȜȈȘȚ Ȑ țȎȍ ȖȡțȡȈȓ ȉȍȘȍȎȕȖ ȒȖșȚȧȠȒȈȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȊ Ȋ
ȕȈȘțȎȕȖȔ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȍ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ȜȘȈȍȘȈ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ șțȕțȚȣȑ ȚțȌȈ ȎȐȘȕȣȑ ȉțȔȈȎȍȞ
ǺȘȈȔȊȈȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȚȧȕțȓ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȊȍșȤ ȝȊȖșȚ Ȑ ș ȋȘȖȝȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȕȍșșȧ ȕȈ ǷȍȚȍȘ-
ȉțȘȋșȒțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț
ǵȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ǪȊȍȌȍȕșȒȖȑ ȜȘȈȍȘ ȗȖȌȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȦȦ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒț
ǪȈșȤȒȈ țȎȍ ȗȘȐȚțȓȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȈȔȍȟȍȕȕȖȔț ȒȈȘȔȈȕț
ǳȍȊȣȔ ȉȖȒȖȔ ©ȚȖȘȔȖȏȐȓª șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȋȖ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȈȊȣȔ

237
— ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȜȘȈȍȘț
ǹȘȍȌȕȐȑ Ȑ țȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȘțȒȐ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȞȍȗȒȖ ȒȈȒ ȡȐȗ-
Ȟȣ ȗȘȐȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓȐ ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȍ ȜȘȈȍȘȈ
ǲȈȎȌțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȔȖȋ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȖȒȈ-
ȏȈȓșȧ ȉȣ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒȈȝ
ǵȖ ǪȈșȤȒȈ Ȑȏ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȓ ȘȍȔȍșȓț Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȜȖȘșț ȗȍȘȍȌ șȈȔȐȔ șȖȉȖȦ ȔȍȌȓȐȓ
©ǷțȡȈȑ Ȗȕ șȈȔ ȍȋȖ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚ Ȕȕȍª
Ǫșȍ Ȏȍ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ ©Ȍȍȓȍª ȘțȒȐ ǪȈșȤȒȐȕȣ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȗȖ-
ȚȍȓȐ Ȑ ȖșȓȈȉȍȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȒȐșȚȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȓȖȒȚȧȝ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈȔȐ Ȏȍ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ Țȍȓț șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ
ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓ ȘȖȑ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȔțȘȈȠȍȒ Ȑ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȈȋȖȕȖȊȖȎȈȚȣȑ țȌȈȘȧȓ
ȊȌȘțȋ ȕȖȋȖȑ ȗȖ ȗȖȓț Ȑ ȏȊȖȕȐȓ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȍȘȍȋȈȦȡȍ ȒȈȒȖȔț-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȏȈȏȍȊȈȊȠȍȔț-
șȧ ȗȍȠȍȝȖȌț
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȜȘȈȍȘ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȕȖȋț ȕȈ șȚțȗȍȕȤȒț, ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖ-
ȋȖ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ǪȈșȤȒȐ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȞȍȗȒȐȝ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȝ
ǹȚȘȍȓȖȑ ȊȣȓȍȚȍȓ ȀȚȍȗșȍȓȤ Ȑȏ ȊȈȋȖȕȈ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȡȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ
șȊȖȦ ȎȍȘȚȊț
— ©ǵț ȒȈȚȐșȤ ȒȖȓȉȈșȖȑ ǪȈșȤª. — ȗȖȌșȚȍȋȕțȓ șȈȔ șȍȉȧ ǪȈșȤȒȈ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȏȈȊȍȘȕțȓ ȏȈ ǪȊȍȌȍȕșȒțȦ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȍȋȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȒȖȓȖȚȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȍȒȐ ȏȈȗȘȣȋȈȓȐ țȟȈȡȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔț Țȍȓț ȉȍȠȍȕȖ ȏȈȗȓȧșȈȓȈ șȈ-
ȔȈȧ ȎȐȊȈȧ ȕȍȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȔȈȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ
— ©ǪȖȚ ȖȕȖ ȒȈȒ ǪȈșȍȕȤȒȈ Ǩ. ǵȐ ș ȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȉȖȒț ȕȍ ȏȈșȣȗȈȍȚșȧ ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȀȚȍȗ-
șȍȓȤ ȅȥȝ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ǹȍȘȍȋț ǲȖșȖȋȖ țȋȖȘȈȏȌȐȓȖ ©ȏȈ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȘțȎȒțª ȏȈșȣ-
ȗȈȚȤșȧ — ȌțȘȤ ȒȖșȈȧ ǺȈȈȈȒ ǪȈșȍȕȤȒȈ ȅȚȈȒ ǪȈșȦȚȈȕȤȒȈ ǺȈȒȖȕȤȒȐ ǪȈșȦȒ
ǯȌȖȘȖȊȖ ȉȘȈȚ ȅȥȝ Ȑ ǪȈșȤȒȈ Ȏȍ ȋȊȖȏȌȤ Țȍ Ȋ șȗȐȕț.»
ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȕȍ Ƞȍȓ Ȉ ȕȈȗȓȧșȣȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉȖȑȒȖȍ ȕȈ ȈșȜȈȓȤȚȍ
— ©ǰ ȌțȘȕȖȑ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖȚª — ȎȈȓȍȦȟȐ ȗȖȌțȔȣȊȈȓ ǪȈșȤȒȈ ©ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ș
ȌȍȕȤȋȈȔȐ ȌȈ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ ȐȔȍȚȤ —©ȕȈȚȍª ȔȖȓ ȒȖȔț ȕȍ ȓȍȕȤ ȉȍȘȐȚȍ Ȑȝ
Ȍȓȧ ȘȈȏȊȖȌț — ǺțȚ ȋȘȍȝ țȗțșȚȐȚȤ-ȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȏȧȚȤ — șȖȊȍșȚȕȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ șȈȔȐ
ȗȖȌȉȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ǺȖȗȖȘ — ȕȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ǻ ȍȋȖ ȊȐȌȈȚȤ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȌȖȔȈ — ȗȖȘȈșȝȖȌȖȊȈ-
ȓȐșȤ. ǩȍȏ ȊȐȕȚȐȒȈ ȗȈȘȣ ȊȐȕȚȐȒȖȊ ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȈȍȚ»
ǻ șȈȔȖȑ ǲȘȖȕȊȍȘȒșȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȔȍȚȐȓ ȀȚȍȗșȍȓȤ șȐȕȦȦ ȊȣȊȍșȒț
— ©ǬȍȕȕȈȧ ȟȈȑȕȈȧ ǷȍȚȘȈ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȈ ǹȈȓȖȚȖȗȖȊȈª
ǰ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȠȔȣȋȕțȓ Ȋ ȕȍȍ
ǯȈ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȔ șȚȖȓȐȒȖȔ Ȋ țȋȓț ǪȈșȤȒȈ țȎȍ ȊȖȊșȍ ȐȕȖȑ ȕȈ ȓȦȌȧȝ șȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ
Ȑ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ Ȋȣȕțȓ ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȡȍȋȖȓȤȕțȚȤ ȐȔ — țȎ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ ȜȈșȖȕȐ-
șȚȣȔ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȉțȔȈȎȍȞ
ǺțȚ Ȏȍ șȚȈȓ ȗȍȘȍșȟȐȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ
— ©ǷȧȚȐȌȍșȧȚȖȟȒȈ șȖȘȖȒȖȊȖȟȒȈ ȥȚȖ țȎȍ ȚȘȐșȚȈ ȗȖȘȊȈȚȈȧ ȗȧȚȈȚȒȈ —
ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȔțȚ... șȍȔȤșȖȚ ȌȍȊȧȕȖșȚȖ șȍȔȤ ǩȍȏ ȚȘȍȝȐ ȊȖșȍȔȤșȖȚ ǷțșȚȤ ȍȋȖ —
ȚȘȍȠȒȈ ȍȔț ȕȈ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȑȕȣȍ ȗȖȔȐȕȣ ȗȘȐȋȖȌȐȚșȧ»
ǲȘȖȔȍ șȍȔȐșȚȈ ȌȍȊȧȕȖșȚȖ șȍȔȐ Șțȉȓȍȑ Ȋ ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȌȊȈ ȚȘȈȔ-

238
ȊȈȑȕȣȝ ȉȐȓȍȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȗȘȐșȗȖșȖȉȐȓ — ȗȘȐȒȓȍȐȓ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȕȈ șȚȍȕț
ǷțȟȖȒ ȘȌȧȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȖș țȏȖȘȟȈȚȣȑ ȒȘȍșȚȐȒ Ȑȏ șȍȘȍȉȘȈ Ȑ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȗȐșȤȔȖ
ǶȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȖȓȖș ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ǲȈȚȤȒȍ — șȊȖȍȑ ȉȣȊ-
Ƞȍȑ Ȑ ȗȖȌȘȈȏȕȐȚȤ ȍȍ — ȥȚȖ-Ȍȍ ȕȖȊȈȧ ȗȖȌȈȘȐȓȈ
ǲȘȍșȚȐȒ ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȗȘȐȓȈȌȐȓ Ȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȞȍȗȒȍ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ țȎȍ ȉȖȓȚȈȓșȧ
ȖȌȐȕ ȔȍȌȕȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȒȘȍșȚȐȒ
Ǭȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȋ țȉȖȘȕțȦ
ǵȈȌȍȊȈȧ ȒȘȍșȚ Ȗȕ ȚȘȐȎȌȣ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȐȓșȧ ȊȣȌțȔȣȊȈȧ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ
țȧȏȊȐȚȤ ǲȈȚȤȒț
— ©ǹȔȖȚȘȐ Ȍȍ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȖȉȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȕȖȊȈȧ ȗȘȍȗȖȌȕȖșȐȚ ǪȈșȤȒȍ ȀȚȍȗșȍȓȦ Ȑ ȒȘȍ-
șȚȐȒ ȖȚ ȋȘțȌȐ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓȈ ǹȔȖȚȘȐ ȒȈȒȈȧ Ȉ»
ǷȐșȤȔȖȔ ȏȈȕȧȓșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈ ȟȈȑȒȖȔ Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȗȖȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓ ș țȌȈȟȐ ȓȐȔȖȕ-
ȟȐȒȈ Ȑ ȗȈȘț șȓȖȍȕȣȝ
ǹȗȍȘȊȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȗȘȖșȚț ȝȖȚȍȓ ȐȏȖȘȊȈȚȤ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚȍ
șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ Ȑ ȕȍșțȘȈȏȕȖȍ ©ȊșȍȔª ȚȖ ȏȈȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȑ ȊșȒȘȣȓ ȉȍȘȍȎȕȖ ȒȖȕ-
ȊȍȘȚ ȗȖ ȒȓȍȦ
ǲȘȖȊȤ ȝȓȣȕțȓȈ Ȓ ǪȈșȤȒȐȕȖȔț ȓȐȞț Ȑ ȗȖȌȒȈȚȐȓȈ Ȓ șȈȔȣȔ ȊȐșȒȈȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǪȈ-
șȤȒȈ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȓ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ șȚȘȖȒȐ
©Ǫ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȗȘȖȠț ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȕȐȚȤª
ǬȈȓȤȠȍ Ȗȕ țȎȍ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ șȉȐȚȣȑ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȐșȗțȋȖȔ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȓ
©ǸȈȏȊȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȎȐȚȤ șȘȍȌȐ ȊȈș — șȓȍȗȣȍ ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȓȦȌȐȠȒȐ
ǮȐȏȕȤ ȥȚȖ ȉȍșȗȖȡȈȌȕȈȧ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȕȈȧ ȔȍȓȤȕȐȞȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ Ȋșȍ ȧȘȒȖȍ șȊȍȎȍȍ
Ȑ șȖȟȕȖȍ ȔȍȓȤȟȐȚ ȗȍȘȍȔȈȓȣȊȈȍȚ ȘȈșȗȐȓȐȊȈȍȚ Ȋ ȋȖȘȤȒȐȑ ȍȌȒȐȑ ȗȖȘȖȠȖȒ ȉțȌ-
ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȗȖȠȓȖșȚȐ ǰ ȥȚȐȔ ȗȖȘȖȠȒȖȔ Ȋȣ ȕȈȗȐȝȐȊȈȍȚȍ ȊȈȠȐ ȗțșȚȣȍ ȖȚȊȐșȓȣȍ
ȌțȠȐ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ ȎȍȓțȌȒȈȔ Ǫȣ — ȎȐȊȖȚȣ șȗȓȖȠȕȣȍ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȍșȚȤ Ȋ ȊȈș
ȎȐȊȣȍ șȖȒȐ ȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȎȍȓțȌȖȟȕȣȍ
ǵț ȊȈș
ǷȘȖȡȈȑȚȍ ș ǩȖȋȖȔ
ǹȍȘȋȍȑ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊȐȟ ǷǸǶǺǶǲǶǪª
ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ șȔțȚȕȖ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȖȔ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȖșȓȍȌțȦȡȐȝ șȓȖȊȈȝ
ȗȖșȔȍȘȚȕȖȑ ȏȈȗȐșȒȐ ȜȘȈȍȘȈ ȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȟȐȚȣȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȕȍ șȚȈȓ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȧșȕȖ ȊȖșșȚȈȓȖ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȜȘȈȍȘȈ ȍȋȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟ-
ȕȣȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȉȣșȚȘȈȧ ȉȍȋțȡȈȧ ȗȖȝȖȌȒȈ șțȚțȓȣȍ ȗȓȍȟȐ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȔȧȋȒȈȧ ȠȐ-
ȘȖȒȖȗȖȓȈȧ ȜȍȚȘȖȊȈȧ ȠȓȧȗȈ
ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȗȘȐȓȐȊ șȈȔȣȝ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȐȝ ȌȖȉȘȣȝ ȟțȊșȚȊ Ȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ
ȖȉȊȖȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț
— ©ǪȖȚ Țȍ Ȑ ȒȈȕȐȚȍȓȤ ǯȈșȣȗȈȓșȧ ȗȖȟȐȡȍ ǹȍȘȍȋȐ-ǲȖșȖȋȖ ǺȖȚ Ȋ ȟȈșȚȤ țȋȖ-
ȌȐȓ Ȉ ȧ șȈȔȖȋȖ șȍȉȧ ȘȈșȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȓ ȏȌȘȧ ǪȖȚ ȕȍȓȈȌȤ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȐȓȈșȧ ǰ ȕȍ
ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȍȠȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ǰ ȒȘȣȚȤ-ȚȖ ȕȍȟȍȔ ȅȥȥȝ ǪȈșȤȒȈ ǪȈșȤȒȈ— Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȑ șȉȐȓșȧ»
ǰ ȀȚȍȗșȍȓȤ ȕȈȘȈșȝȊȈȚ ȊȗȖȗȣȝȈȝ ȊȣȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓ Ȑȏ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȊșȧȒțȦ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȤ
șȈȔȣȍ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȏȈȔȣșȓȣ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȕȖȊȈ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ Ȑ șȓȍȊȈ ȕȈ ȓȐșȚȍ ȕȈȗȍȟȈ-

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ȚȈȕȕȖȍ
ǹȍȘȋȍȑ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊȐȟ ǷǸǶǺǶǲǶǪ
ǮțȘȕȈȓȐșȚ ǫȈȚȟȐȕșȒȈȧ Ȍ  ȒȊ 
Ƕȕ ȧșȕȖ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ
— ©ǵȍ ȌȖȗțȡț ȌȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ țȉȐȑșȚȊȈ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȤȔț ȋȘȍȝȈ ȕȈ ȌțȠțª
ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȀȚȍȗșȍȓȤ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ țȉȐȑșȚȊȈ ©ȉȘȍȏȋȈȓ ȗȘȍȕȍȉȘȍȋȈȓ ȐȔª
ȒȈȒ șȈȔ ȏȈȧȊȓȧȓ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ©ȌȍȓȖ ș ȚȖȗȖȘȐȒȖȔª ȐȓȐ
ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ©ȈȘȋțȔȍȕȚȈȔȐª
ǵȍ ȔȖȋ țȎȍ șȐȌȍȚȤ Ȋ ȟȈȑȕȖȑ ǩȣșȚȘȖ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓ ȕȈ țȓȐȞț Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉȍȋȖȔ ȗțș-
ȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ǫȈȚȟȐȕșȒțȦ
ǷȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ Ȗȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ șȗȈșȐȚȍȓȍȔ ȍȔț ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȘȐȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȍ Ȑȏ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȣȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȒȐȕȍȔȈȚȖȋȘȈȜȍ ©ǨȔȗȐȘª...
ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȉȐȓȖșȤ ȖșȖȉȣȔ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȖȔ ǴȣșȓȐ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ
ȋȖȚȖȊȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȝȓȍșȚȕțȚȤ ȔȖȏȋ..
— ©Ǩ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȗȕ țȎȍ... — «ȒȈȗțȚª...
ǰ ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȕȈȋȖȕȧȓ ȠȈȋț
ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓ ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȊȍșȤ țȎȈș șȊȖȍȑ ȎȍȘȚȊȣ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ șȈȔ ȍȡȍ șȖ-
ȊșȍȔ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȊȣȊȖȌȐȓ ȚȖȟȤ-Ȋ-ȚȖȟȤ ȚȈȒȖȍ Ȏȍ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȜȘȈȍȘȖȊȈ ȗȐșȤ-
ȔȈ ©Ȋ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȗȘȖȠț ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȕȐȚȤª. ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȖ-
ȊȈȧ ǲȈȚȤȒȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓȈșȤ ȎȐȋȈȕț — șȚȘȈȠȕȖȔț ǪȓȈșț ǫȖȓȖȊȈșȚȐȒț Ȑ ȊȖȊșȍ ȖȚ-
șȚȘȈȕȐȓȈ ȀȚȍȗșȍȓȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȣșȔȍȐȊȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȉȍșșȚȣȎȍȋȖ ȎȐȋȈȕȈ
ǵȖ ȌțȘȤ ȥȚȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȣȊȍȚȘȐȓȈșȤ Ȑȏ ǪȈșȤȒȐȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȍȔț țȌȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȒȖȒȈȐȕȕȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ©ȊȏȧȚȤ ȕȈ ȝȖȔțȚª ȎȐȋȈȕȈ ȚȈȒ
ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȊȖȊșȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ
ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȊȏȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȥȚȈȎ ȕȈȎȈȓ ȒȕȖȗȒț ȏȊȖȕȒȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȉȖ-
ȎȋȓȈ șȈȔȈȧ ȎȋțȟȈȧ ȉȖȧȏȕȤ
©Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȥȚȖȚ ȏȈșȣȗȈȍȚª
ǰ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ șȚțȠȍȊȈȓșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȊȣȠȓȈ ȔȘȈȟȕȈȧ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ
ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȉȈȘȣȕȤȒȈ Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ȕȍȗȘȐȊȍȚȓȐȊȖ
— ǿȚȖ ȕȈȌȖ"
ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȕȈȗȘȧȋ Ȋșȍ șȐȓȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȣȔ Ȋ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȐȐ
— ©ǷȘȖșȚȐȚȍ ȏȈ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȤȍ» ȗțȚȈȓșȧ Ȗȕ ©ǰȏȊȐȕȐȚȍ ȏȈ ȕȍșȒȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȊȖȗ-
ȘȖș ȇ ȔȖȋț șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȚȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ǹȍȘȋȍȧ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊȐȟȈ ȗȖȊȐȌȈȚȤ
ǶȌȕȐȔ șȓȖȊȖȔª...
ǩȈȘȣȕȤȒȈ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȓȈ:
— «Ƕȕ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȔȍȚ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ǷȘȖȠȍȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȊ ȕȐȒȖȔț
ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȏȈȉȖȓȍȓ ȌȈȎȍ ǺȈȒ ȟȚȖ Ǫȣ ȓțȟȠȍ ȖșȚȈȊȤȚȍ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȗȖȒȖȍ».
ǵȖ ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖșȔȍȓȍȓ
— ©Ǵȕȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ Ȉ ȕȍ ȚȖ șȒȊȍȘȕȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȐȚȤșȧ ǬȈ»
ǩȈȘȣȕȤȒȈ ȕȍȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȒȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ
Ȑ ȗȖȠȓȈ Ȓ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ

ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȉȈȘȣȕȤȒȐ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ǹȍȘȋȍȧ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊȐȟȈ Ȑ țșȗȍȓ
ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȌȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȜȘȈȍȘ șțȕțȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍȍ Ȋ șȚȖȓ
— ©Ǫȣ» — ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȕȖ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǹȍȘȋȍȑ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊȐȟ ȗȘȐ ȊȐȌȍ ȀȚȍȗșȍȓȧ
Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ Ȑ ȕȍȘȊȕȖ ȘȈșȝȖȝȖȚȈȓșȧ
— ©ǻȑȌȐ ǵȈȌȧ», — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓșȧ ȗȘȐșȚțȗ ȒȈȠȓȧ ȊȣȏȊȈȕ-
ȕȣȑ șȔȍȝȖȔ
ǩȈȘȣȕȤȒȈ ȊȣȠȓȈ
ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȓ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȚțȚ Ȗȕ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕ
Ȓ ȥȚȖȑ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍ
— ©ǿȚȖ șȒȈȎț ȧ ȍȔțª
— «ǵț șȧȌȤȚȍ — ȉțȌȤȚȍ ȋȖșȚȍȔª — ș ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȜȘȈȍȘ
ȟȍȚȒȖ ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ǪȈșȤȒȐȕȣ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǪȈșȤȒȈ ș ȒȘȈȦȠȒȈ ȗȘȐȔȖșȚȐȓșȧ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕȍ ȕȍȓȖȊȒȖ Ȋȣȕțȓ ȉțȔȈȎ-
ȕȐȒ Ȑ ȗȖȌȈȓ ȍȋȖ ǹȍȘȋȍȦ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊȐȟț ǲȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȋșȧ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȘȖȊșȒȈȧ ȗȘȖȊȖȘȕȖșȚȤ
ȘȈșșȣȗȈȓȈșȤ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ
— ©ǪȖȚ Ǫȣ țȘȖȕȐȓȐ ǺȈȔ Ȑ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ǲȖȕȊȍȘȚȈ ȍȑ-ǩȖȋț ȕȍ ȟȐȚȈȓ», — ȗțȚȈȓ
ǪȈșȤȒȈ «ǵȍȟȈȧȕȕȖ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ǫȌȍ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈ Ǫȣ ȊȣȘȖȕȐȓȐ»
— ©ȅȥȥ ȉȘȖșȤȚȍ ȇ ȊȍȌȤ Ȋșȍ ȏȕȈȦ ǲȖȋȌȈ Ǫȣ Ȋ ȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȟȍ-
Șȍȏ ȗȓȍȟȖ Ȓ ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒț — ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕo. — ǪȍȌȤ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ șȚȖȧȓȖ Ǩ ȕȈ-
șȟȍȚ ȗȐșȤȔȈ — ǶȚȒțȌȈ Ȏȍ Ǫȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȔȖȑ ȈȌȘȍș" ǵȖ ǩȖȋ ș ǪȈȔȐ — ȌȍȓȖ ȕȍ
Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ǶșȚȈȊȤȚȍ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ț șȍȉȧ — Ȋșȍ Ȋșȍ ǬȈ ȉȍȘȐȚȍ Ȏȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ǪȈȔ ǵț ȕȈ-
Țȍ ȕȈ-Țȍ Ȏȍ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȌȍ Ȏȍ ȒȘȍșȚȐȒ"»
ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȒȖȘȟȐȓșȧ ȒȘȈșȕȍȓ ȖȏȐȘȈȓșȧ ȗȣȝȚȍȓ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȍȓȖ ȌȖȠȓȖ ȌȖ ȒȘȍș-
ȚȐȒȈ ȚȈȒ ȊȖȊșȍ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȓșȧ ȊȏȊȣȓ ȊȌȘțȋ șȈȔȣȔ ȌȍȚșȒȐȔ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȣȔ ȗȓȈ-
ȟȍȔ
ǹȓȍȏȣ ȏȈȗȘȣȋȈȓȐ șȖ ȡȍȒ
Ǫșȍ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ ȘȈșșȚȍȋȕțȓ ȊȖȘȖȚ ȘțȉȈȝȐ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȊȖȏȐȚȤșȧ ș ȞȍȗȒȖȑ Ȑ ȏȈȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ
ȊȔȍșȚȍ Ȋ ȗȓȈȟȍȔ
— ©ȇ ȥȚȖȑ șțȒȍ ǲȈȚȤȒȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȉȉȣȣȣ ǪȣȗȐ Ǩ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȖȉȐȘȈȚȤ
ǪȈș».
ǹȍȘȋȍȑ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊȐȟ Ȗȉȕȧȓ ǪȈșȤȒȐȕȣ ȗȓȍȟȐ ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȓ ȍȋȖ țȚȍȠȈȧ Ȑ ȗȖȌ-
ȉȖȌȘȧȧ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȖ Ȋ șȈȔȖȍ ǪȈșȤȒȐȕȖ ȓȐȞȖ
— ©ǬȈ Țȣ ȋȖȓțȉȟȐȒ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȤ-ȚȖ ȔȖȦ ȊȣȒȘȈȓ ǻȒȘȈȓ șȔȍȘȚȤ șȓȣȠȐȠȤ
ǪȍȌȤ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ-ȚȖ ȧ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ Ȑ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤșȧ ȕe șȚȈȕț ǸȈșșȍȧȓ Țȣ Ȋșȍ ǷȖ-
ȕȕ-ȔȈ-ȍȠȤ Țȣ ȥ-ȚȚȖ Ȉ.?»
ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȜȘȈȍȘ ȊȖȊșȍ ȘȈȏȌțȔȈȓ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤșȧ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ǪȈșȤȒȈ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȏȕȈȓ,
ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȘȍȌȒȖ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȏȈȝȈȎȐȊȈȓ ȊȍȟȍȘȈȔȐ Ȓ ǹȍȘȋȍȦ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊȐȟț ȐșȗȐȚȤ
ȟȈȍȒ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ

ǽǳǿǳǻȄȉ
ȃȎȗ-ȦȖț-Ȑȓȗ ǸȖȠȎȗȟȘȖȓ ȫȠȬȒȩ
ǿȠȖȣȖ
(1922)

ǱǾǶǱǼǾǶȌ ǶǹȊǶȅȁ
ǿǼǾǼǸǶǻȁ
ȝȜȟȐȭȧȎȓȠ ȎȐȠȜȞ

Ǹ -Țȡ ȖȕȒȎțȖȬ ȘțȖȑȖ
— ȟȠȖȣȜȠȐȜȞȓțȖȗ —
ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ ǴȈȘȚȈ
©ǽǳǿǳǻȄȉª
_____
ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ǴȈȘȚ — ȐșȚȐȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȥȚ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȚȈȓȈȕȚȈ
ǬțȠȈ ȍȋȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȖȍȚ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕ-
ȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȍșȚȈȕȕȖ ȗȖȍȚ — ȖȕȈ Ȋșȧ
Ȑȏ ȗȍșȍȕ
Ǫ ȕȍȑ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȕȖ șȗȓȍȓȐșȤ ȊȏȌȖ-
ȝȐ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ țȗȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȟȈȘȈȔȐ
ȋȘȍȏ ș ȉțȘȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȘȣȊȈȔȐ ǹȒȐ-
ȜȐȐ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȊȏȔȍȚȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȊȊȣșȤ
ǹ ǫțșȍȊ-ǶȘȍȕȉțȘȋșȒȐȑ
9-ȋȖ ȔȈȘȚȈ  ȋ
ǽȈȘȉȐȕ

245
ǽǳǿǳǻȄȉ
ǿȈȑ-ȟȐȕ-Ȧȕ — ȎȍȓȚȖȓȐȞȣȑ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ
©ǷȍșȍȕȞȣª Ȕȕȍ șȊȖȐ ȕȈȗȍȊȈȓ
«ǷȍșȍȕȞȈȔȐ» Ȗȕ ȗȍșȍȕȒȐ ȏȊȈȓ
ǰ ȔȍȟȚȖȦ Ȋ ǿȐȜț țȓȍȚȈȧ,
ǺȖȕȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ
Ƕȕ Țȧȕțȓ ȒȈȒ ȕȖȟȕȈȧ șȖȊȈ
ǰ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȋ țȏȒȐȝ ȡȍȓȧȝ ȉȓȐșȚȈȓȐ
ǪȏȋȓȧȌ Ȑȝ ȌȐȒȖ ȚȖșȒȓȐȊȣȑ șȒțȟȈȓ
ǬțȠț ȗȍșȍȕ ȧ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓ
ǹ ǿȈȑ-ȟȐȕ-ȦȕȖȔ ȕȈȊȍȒȐ ȘȈșșȚȈȓȐșȤ
ǵȈ ȟțȎȉȐȕȍ Ȋ ȚȖșȒȍ Ȗȕ ȏȈȟȈȝ
«ǷȍșȍȕȞȣª ȟȚȖ ȟȐȚȈȓ ȧ Ȋ ȖȟȈȝ —
ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȍȑ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȧ șȓȈȋȈȦ
ǹ-Ƿ-ȉțȘȋ
 ȋȖȌ

246
ȁ ȂȁǲǵȍǲȍǻǮ
ǲȈȒ ȔȈȕȌȈȘȐȕ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ-șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ
ǹȎȐȔȈȧ ȚȘțȉȒț Ȋ ȚȍȗȓȖȑ ȘțȒȈȊȐȞȍ
ǲțȗȍȞ-ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ȍȌȍȚ ȕȈ ȖșȓȐȞȍ
ǯȈ ȕȐȔ ș ȒȕțȚȖȔ ȉȍȎȐȚ ȗȖȋȖȕȡȐȒ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȑ
ǬȍȘȎȈșȤ ȏȈ ȝȊȖșȚ ȖșȓȐȞȣ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȖȑ
ǵȈȗȍȊ ȚȊȍȘȌȐȚ șȖȕȓȐȊȖ-ȔȖȕȖȚȖȕȕȣȑ
Ǫ ȍȋȖ ȒȖșȍ ȊȗȓȍȚȍȕ ȠȕțȘȖȟȍȒ ȉȍȓȣȑ —
ǯȕȈȒ ȚȘȈțȘȈ ȗȖ ȉȓȐȏȒȖȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȍ
ǷȖȒȐȕțȓ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȑ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȔȐȘ ȕȈȊȍȒȐ
ǲȘȈȌțȚșȧ ȚȍȕȐ șțȔȍȘȍȒ ȕȍșȔȍȓȖ
ǶșȍȕȕȐȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ Ȋ ȚȘȈȊȈȝ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȍȕȕȣȝ
ǺȊȖȘȐȚ șțȝȖȑ ȕȈȗȍȊ ȠțȘȠȈȕȤȍȔ șȖȕȕȣȔ
ǪȖȚ ȜȈȕȏȣ ǼțȌȏȧȌȧȕȈ ȊȐȌȕȣ ȊȏȖȘț
ǹȗȍȠȈȚ șȍȌȖȒ ȗȖȋȖȕȡȐȒ Ȑ ȖșȓȐȞȈ
ǹȍȌȖȒ Ȓ Ȏȍȕȍ ȗȖȋȖȕȡȐȒ — ȕȈȒțȘȐȚȤșȧ
ǶșȓȐȞȈ ȗȖȊȈȓȐȚȤșȧ ț ȏȈȉȖȘȈ

247
ǰ ǸȁǾǶǹȊǻǳ
ǯȖȘȒȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȔ
ǹȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȒțȘȐȓȤȡȐȒ ȕȈ ȠȒțȘț ȚȐȋȘȐȞȣ —
ǵȍȒȖȋȌȈ ȝȐȡȕȖȋȖ ȏȊȍȘȧ ǨȔțȘȈ
ǿȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȌȈȚȤșȧ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧȔ ȗȤȧȕȣȔ
ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ ș ȦȕȖȠȍȑ ȍȦ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȓȐșȤ
ǹȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȒțȘȐȓȤȡȐȒ ȒȈȒ ȌȊȐȎȍȚșȧ ȠȒțȘȈ
ǹȚȘȈȕȕȣ ȗȖȏȕȈȊȠȍȔț ȖȗȐȧ șȓȈȌȖșȚȤ
ǹȚȘȈșȚȐ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȍ Ȓ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈȔ ȕȐȏȒȐȔ
ǹȚȘȈșȚȐ ȔȘȈȟȈȡȐȍ ȌțȠȐ ȕȍȔțȌȘȣȝ
ǺȐȝȖ Ȋ ȒțȘȐȓȤȕȍ Ȑ ȌțȠȕȖ ȖȚ ȟȈȌȈ
ǸȍȌȒȖ ȠȐȗȍȕȐȍ ȓȈȔȗȣ ȗȘȐ ȊșȗȣȠȒȍ
ǪȏȌȖȝȐ ȟțȚȤ șȓȣȠȐȚșȧ ȠȍȗȖȚ ȗȖȌ ȠȒțȘȖȑ
ǺȍȕȐ Ȑ ȉȓȐȒȐ ȕȈ ȎȍȓȚȣȝ ȞȐȕȖȊȒȈȝ
ǬȣȔ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ ȚȍȔȕȣȔ ȚțȔȈȕȖȔ
ǲțȘȧȚ Ȋ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȐ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ.
ǴȈȒ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȔȈȋ-ȟȈȘȖȚȊȖȘȍȞ ȉȈȋȘȖȊȣȑ
ȇȊȤ ȏȈȚȍȔȕȧȍȚ ȖȉȔȈȕȖȔ ȌțȘȔȈȕȈ,
ǿȈȌȕȣȍ ȋȘȍȏȣ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȚ Ȑ ȉțȌȐȚ
ǹǷ-ȉțȘȋ
 ȋ  ȜȍȊȘ

248
ǻǮ ǮǺȁǾǿǸǼǺ ǵǮǹǶǰǳ
©ȆȓȐȚª ȊȍșȓȖȔ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ȎȍȓȚȖȓȐȞȣȑ
ǳȍȋȒȖ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȚ ȠȐȘȖȒȈȧ ȠȈȓȈȕȌȈ
ǷȖ ȚȐȝȖȑ ȋȓȈȌȐ șȐȕȐȝ ȊȖȌ ȏȈȓȐȊȈ
ǷȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȋȖ șȚȖȓȐȞȈ —
ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ ȏȈ ȌȣȔȒȖȦ ȚțȔȈȕȈ
ǵȈ șȒȓȖȕȈȝ ȋȖȘ ȏȈșȚȣȓ Ȗȕ ȋȖȘȌȍȓȐȊȖ
ǲȈȒ ȊșȗȓȍșȒȐ ȗȖȌ ȒȖȘȔȖȦ ȔȖȕȖȚȖȕȕȖ
ǷȖȍȚ Țȧȋțȟȍ ȏȈ ȊȍșȓȖȔ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ
ǷȘȖ ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȍȑ — «ȚȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȊ ȋȘȈȌ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ».
ǵȈȌ ȕȐȔ Ȋ ȌȈȓȧȝ ȕȍȉȍș șȊȍȚȓȖȏȍȓȍȕȣȝ
ǷȖȓȖșȒȐ Ȉȓȣȍ Ȋ ȚȖȔȓȍȕȤȐ ȚȈȦȚ
ǰ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȘȖȉȒȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȦȚ ȓȐȒȐ

249
Ǻ2Ƿ ǱǶǽǿǼǰȉǷ ȅǳǾǳǽ
ǯȈ ȓȐȠȕȐȑ ȗȖȓȚȐȕȕȐȒ
ǲȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ
ǯȈșȚȈȊȐȓ șȔȍȧȚȤșȧ
ǴȖȑ ȋȐȗșȖȊȣȑ ȟȍȘȍȗ
ǰ ȊȍȟȕȖ șȔȍȍȚșȧ
ǯȈșȚȣȕțȊȠȐȔ șȔȍȝȖȔ
ǩȍȏȏȊțȟȕȖ ȉȍȏ ȌȘȖȎȐ
ǴȖȑ ȋȐȗșȖȊȣȑ ȟȍȘȍȗ
ǹȘȍȌȤ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȋȖ ȝȓȈȔȈ
ǵȍȌȊȐȎȕȣȝ Ȋȍȡȍȑ
ǶȌȐȕ ȓȐȠȤ șȔȍȍȚșȧ
ǴȖȑ ȋȐȗșȖȊȣȑ ȟȍȘȍȗ
ǳȈȔȗȈȌȈ ȔȍȘȞȈȍȚ
Ǫ ȌȘȖȎȈȕȐȐ ȎțȚȒȖȔ
ǰ șȊȍȚ ȖȏȈȘȧȍȚ
ǴȖȑ ȋȐȗșȖȊȣȑ ȟȍȘȍȗ
ǰȏ ȊȗȈȌȐȕ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȝ,
ǩȍȏȌȖȕȕȣȝ ȊȖ ȔȘȈȒȍ —
ǫȓȧȌȐȚ Ȋ ȔȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ
ǴȖȑ ȋȐȗșȖȊȣȑ ȟȍȘȍȗ
ǹǷ-ȉțȘȋ
 ȋȖȌ

250
ȀǾǶ ǲȁȆǶ
ǲț-ȦȒ-șțȕ șȍȌȖȑ ȋȖȘȉȈȚȣȑ
Ǫ ȜȈȕȏȍ ȏȈȒȖȗȚȍȓȖȑ
ǯȈȕȧȚ ȔȈȓȣȔ ȌȍȓȖȔ
ǵȈ ȚȘȧȗȤȍ ȒȓȈȌȍȚ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȣ
ǻ ȕȍȋȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ
ǹȔȈșȚȍȘȐȓ șȣȕȖȟȍȒ
Ǫ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȟȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȍȟȍȒ
ǭȔț ȋȘȖȉ ȖȚ Ȋșȍȝ țȒȘȈȌȒȖȑ*.
Ǫșȧ șȍȔȤȧ ș țȚȘȈ Ȋ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ —
ǹȚȈȘȐȒț ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ
Ǫ șȚȈȘȖșȚȐ ȗȘȐșȚȖȑȕȖ
ǯȕȖȑȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȏȈȉȣȚȤ Ȋ ȌȘȍȔȖȚȍ
ǵȈ ȞȣȕȖȊȒȈȝ Ȋ ȕȈȘȈȝ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȝ
ǲț-Ȧȕ-șțȕ ȏȈȉȣȓșȧ
ǰ ȖȚ ȉțȌȕȍȑ ȖȚȌȈȓȐȓșȧ
ǲ șȕȈȔ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȉȖ Ȋ ȏȕȖȍ ȧșȕȣȔ.
Ǫ ȏȍȓȍȕȍȦȡȍȑ ȌȖȓȐȕȍ
Ǫ ȋțȡȍ ȋȈȖȓȧȕȈ
ǵȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȗȘȖȘȣȚȈ ȘȈȕȈ —
ǺȈȔ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ ȖȚ ȒȖȕȟȐȕȣ
ǷȖșȍȓȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȍ
ǹȘȍȌȤ ȗȖȟȍȚȕȣȝ ȗȘȍȌȒȖȊ
ǮȐȏȕȤ ȏȍȔȕȈȧ ȒȓȍȚȒȈ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȕȍȑ — ȎȈȓȒȐȑ ȕȐȡȐȑ
* ǷȘȐȔȍȟȈȕȐȍ
ǲȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȕȍ ȉȖȧȚșȧ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ǫ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȖȕȐ ȊȐȌȧȚ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȊȍȚȓȖȋȖ șțȡȍ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ ǴȍȎȌț ȗȘȖȟȐȔ ȍșȓȐ șȚȈȘȐȒț ȗȍȘȍȌ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ șȣȕ șȔȈșȚȍȘȐȚ ȋȘȖȉ ȘȈșȚȘȖ-
ȋȈȕȕȣȑ ȖȚȍȞ ȉțȌȍȚ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȚȤ ȉȖȋȖȊ ȏȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȍȔț ȌȈȓȐ șȚȖȓȤ ȗȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȣȕȈ

251
ǺȘȐ ȌțȠȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ
ǸȈȏȉȘȍȓȐșȤ*. ǬȖȘȖȋȐ
ǰȝ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȉȖȋȐ
ǩȘȈȒ ȚȘȍȝ ȌțȠ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșȚȖȘȋȕțȚ
ǹȚȘȈȎ ȌțȠȈ ȖȌȕȈ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ
ǹ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȖȔ Ȋ ȔȖȋȐȓȍ
ǹ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȧșȕȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ
Ǫ Țȍȓȍ ȉȘȍȕȕȖȔ ȏȈșȐȧȓȈ
ǶȚȖȠȓȈ ȌțȠȈ ȌȘțȋȈȧ
ǺȘțȗ ȗȖȒȐȕțȊ Ȋ ȋȘȖȉȍ —
Ǫ ȔȐȘ ȐȕȖȑ ȏȈȋȘȖȉȕȣȑ
ǮȐȏȕȤ ȏȍȔȕțȦ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȧ
ǺȘȍȚȤȧ — Ȋ ȜȈȕȏț ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ
ǰ ȌȖȡȍȟȒȈ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ —
ǷȈȔȧȚȤ Ȗ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȔ —
ǺȘȍȚȤȦ ȌțȠț ȗȘȐȦȚȐȓȈ
ǪȐȌȐȚ șȕȣ Ȑ ȔȣșȓȐȚ ȔțȌȘȖ
ǲț-Ȧȕ-șțȕ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȑ
Ǫ ȋȈȖȓȧȕ șȖȕȓȐȊȖ
ǷȘȐȉȘȍȓȐ ș ȝȖȓȔȖȊ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȣ —
ǵȖȧȉȘȤ  ȋ
ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȍȑ
* ǲȐȚȈȑȞȣ țȊȍȘȍȕȣ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ — ȚȘȐ ȌțȠȐ ǷȖșȓȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȚȘȐ ȌțȠȐ ȘȈș-
ȝȖȌȧȚșȧ ǶȌȕȈ ȗȍȘȍșȍȓȧȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȏȈȋȘȖȉȕȣȑ ȔȐȘ Ȋ ȒȖȍȔ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȍȚ ȏȍȔȕțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȌȘț-
ȋȈȧ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȋȐȓȍ ș ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȖȔ Ȉ ȚȘȍȚȤȧ — ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȘȖȌȕțȦ ȜȈȕȏț Ȑ ȗȖșȍ-
ȓȧȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȌȖȡȍȟȒȍ ș ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȋȖ B. Ǵ

252
ȁ ǺǼǾȍ
ǶșȍȕȕȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȉȈȋȘȖȊȣȑ ȕȈ ȐșȝȖȌȍ
ǵȈ ȊȍȚȊȧȝ ȉȤȦȚșȧ șȖȝȓȣȍ ȓȐșȚȣ
ǰ ȉȣșȚȘȣȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȚ
Ǫ ȉțȋȘȈȝ ȗȘȐȉȘȍȎȕȣȍ ȒțșȚȣ
ǹ ȒȖșȐȟȒȖȑ ȚȖȕȒȖȑ ȕȈ ȔȈȒțȠȒȍ
ǷȖȍȚ ȉȘȖȌȧȋȈ-ȒȐȚȈȑȟȖȕȖȒ
ǰ Ȋ ȓȈȌ ȗȖȌ ȗȍșȕȦ ȒȖȓȖȚțȠȐ
ǬȘȖȎȈȚ Ȋ ȖȏȧȉȕțȊȠȐȝ ȘțȟȖȕȒȈȝ
ǷȖȍȚ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȖ-ȔȖȕȖȚȖȕȕȖ
ǰ șȈȔ ȗȖȌȗȘȣȋȐȊȈȍȚ Ȋ ȓȈȌ
ǶȉȊȖȌȐȚ șȖȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ǺȖȓȗț șȖȉȘȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȘȍȉȧȚ
Ǫ ȞȊȍȚȕȣȝ ȕȈȘȧȌȈȝ ȒȖȘȍȑȟȈȚȈ
ǬȍȚȐȠȒȐ — ȉȍȎȍȕȞȣ — ȍȊȘȍȐ —
ǹȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȍ ȋȈȓȟȈȚȈ
ǺȖȓȗȖȑ ȒȘȐȒȓȐȊȖȦ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ
ȀȈȔȗțȕȒȐ ȉȤȦȚșȧ șȚȍȘȚȣȔȐ ȉȖȘȚȈȔȐ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȒȐȚȈȍȞ ț Șțȓȧ
ǳȦȉȖȊȕȖ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȔȖȚȈȍȚ
ǷȘȐȡțȘȧșȤ ȒȖșȖ ȕȈ ȘȍȉȧȚ
ǰ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȖȍ ȒȘȣȓȖ
Ƕ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȉȤȍȚșȧ ȘȊȈȕȈȧ ȊȖȓȕȈ

253
ȗȖșȊ ǲ ǰ ǪȈȕȐȕȖȑ
ǫǨǬǨǳȄȁǰǲ
ǻ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȝȈȘȟȍȊȕȐ
ǹȚȖȓ ȋȈȌȈȓȤȡȐȒȈ șȚȖȐȚ
ǹȚȈȘȍȞ ȟțȎȍȏȍȔȕȣȑ
©ǯȈȊȚȘȈª ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȚȈȐȚ
ǺȘȐ ȔȖȕȍȚȒȐ ȔȍȌȕȣȝ
ǺțȠȤ Ȑ ȒȐșȚȤ ȕȈ ȚȘȖșȚȕȐȒȍ
ǲȕȐȋȐ șȚȘȖȋȐȍ ȖȚȔȍȚȖȒ
ǶȎȐȌȈȦȚ Ȋ țȋȖȓȒȍ
ǰȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȗȘȖȝȖȎȐȑ
ǶșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȋȈȌȈȚȤ
ǰ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚ
ǿȚȖ șțȌȤȉȈ ȋȖȚȖȊȈ ȌȈȚȤ
ǴțȌȘȖ Ȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ
ǶȚȔȍȟȈȍȚ ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȏȕȈȒ —
ǰ ȔȍȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȘțȒȖȦ
ǺȈȑȕȣ șȌȊȐȕțȚȈ șȚȍȕȈ
ǬȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȖȋȚȧȔȐ
ǷȘȐȌȈȊȐȓ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȒȐ ȓȉȈ
ǰ șȖȕȓȐȊȖ ȚȧȕȍȚ
ǵȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ
ǺȈȑȕȣ ȗȖȒțȗȈȚȍȓȤ
ǶȚșȟȐȚȈȓ ȕȈ șȚȖȓ ȋȘȖȠȐ
ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȋȈȌȈȚȍȓȤ
ǺȈȑȕț ©ȏȈȊȚȘȈª șȚȖȘȖȎȐȚ
ǺȘȐ ȔȖȕȍȚȒȐ ȔȍȌȕȣȝ
ǺțȠȤ Ȑ ȒȐșȚȤ ȕȈ ȚȘȖșȚȕȐȒȍ
ǲȕȐȋȐ șȚȘȖȋȐȍ ȖȚȔȍȚȖȒ
ǶȎȐȌȈȦȚ Ȋ țȋȖȓȒȍ

254
ǴǰǯǰǵǾȃ
ǴȐȏȐȕȞȣ ȊȣșȚȈȊȐȊ ȒȘȦȟȒȈȔȐ
ǹȒȘȍșȚȧșȤ ȔȐȏȐȕȞȈȔȐ ȉȘȍȌțȚ
ǵȍȘȈȏȓțȟȐȔȣȔȐ ȌȘțȏȤȧȔȐ
ǬȊȈ ȎȍȓȚȖȓȐȒȐȍ Ȋ șȈȌț
Ǫ ȚȖȓȗȍ ȕȈȘȧȌȕȖȑ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȍȊ
ǵȈ ȜȖȕȍ șȊȍȚȓȖȑ ȗȍșȚȘȖȚȣ
ǼȐȋțȘȣ șȐȕȐȍ — ȊȐȌȕȍȍ
Ǫ ȖȌȍȎȌȈȝ ȟțȎȌȣȝ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȣȝ
ǩȘȍȌțȚ ȘȈșȒȈȟȐȊȈȧ ȘțȒȐ
ǼȈȓȤȞȍȚȖȔ ȚȖȡȐȔ ȊȣȊȖȌȧ
Ǻȧȋțȟȍ șȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȊțȒȐ
ǩȍșȗȍȟȕȖȑ ȗȍșȍȕȒȐ ȉȘȖȌȧȋ
ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȟȕȣȔ ȉȓțȎȌȈȕȤȍȔ
ǬȖșțȋ ȌȘțȏȍȑ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕ
Ǫ șȖȕȓȐȊȣȝ ȉțȌȕȧȝ ȊȣȎȐȌȈȓȐ
ǶȕȐ șȍȋȖȌȕȧȠȕȐȑ ȌȍȕȍȒ
ǰȏ ǼțȌȏȧȌȧȕȈ ǴȖȌȧȋȖț —
ǶȌȐȕ Ȋ ȝȈȘȟȍȊȕȍ ȗȖȓȍȊȖȑ
ǬȘțȋȖȑ ȗȘȐșȓțȎȕȐȒ ț ȗȖȘȚȕȖȋȖ —
ǬȘțȏȤȧȔ șȊȐȌȈȚȤșȧ ȌȖȊȍȓȖșȤ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȉȍȏ șȓȖȊ Ȑ țȋȖȊȖȘȈ
ǰȝ ȗțȚȤ ȔȍȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȘȍȠȍȕ
ǵȈ șȈȕ-Ȍȍ-ȋȍ Ȓ ȎȍșȚȧȕȖȔț ȏȈȉȖȘț —
Ǫ ȖȗȤȍȒțȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȚȖȕ
ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ șțȌȖȘȖȋȈȝ ȖȎȖȋȈ
ǺȘȍȡȈȡȐȑ ȔȈșȓȧȕȣȑ ȜȐȚȐȓȤ
ǴȐȏȐȕȞȣ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȚ Ȑ ȖȉȈ
ǷȘȐȓȤȕțȚ ȕȈ șȒȖȔȒȈȕȕȣȑ ȕȈșȚȐȓ
Ǫ Ȑȋȓȍ ȗȘȖȊȖȘȕȖȑ Ȑ ȊȍȘȚȓȧȊȖȑ
ǲțșȖȟȍȒ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȏȈȗȍșȚȘȐȚ
ǫȖȘȧȡȐȑ ȖȗȐțȔ — ȖȚȘȈȊȈ
ǪȏȊȖȓȕțȍȚ ȗȤȧȕȣȑ ȈȗȗȍȚȐȚ

ǲȁ-ȃȋ
(ǼȒȖțȜȘȖȗ ȔȡȞȎȐșȪ-ȎȖȟȠ
ǷȖ ȥȗȐȚȍȚȈȔ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ
ȗȖȥȚȖȊ Ȑ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȖȊ
— ǺȈȔ ȖȚȠȍȓȤȕȐȒ ȗȖȥȚ
Ǫ țȍȌȐȕȍȕȤȐ ȎȐȊȍȚ —
— Ǻȣ — Ȑȏȕȍȉȍșȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȚ —
ǹȊȖȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȠȤ ȗȖȓȍȚ
— ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ șȚȈȐȠȤșȧ Țȣ —
Ƕ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȑ ȎțȘȈȊȓȤ
ǵȍ ȘȈșȗțȋȈȍȚ ȔȍȟȚȣ
ǺȊȖȑ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȑ ȗȘȐȊȈȓ
— ǫȖșȚȤ ȗȘȐȓȍȚȍȓȣȑ-șȊȧȚȖȑ,
ǪȍȚȘȈ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ Ȑ ȌȘțȋ
ǷȖșȓȈȕȍȞ Țȣ ȕȍȏȍȔȕȖȑ
ǹȜȍȘȣ ȥȜȐȘȈ Ȋ ȔȖȑ ȒȘțȋ
— ǭșȓȐ Țȣ ȒȘȐȒȕȍȠȤ ȗȖȘȖȑ
ǵȍȉȖ țșȓȣȠȐȚ ȚȊȖȑ ȒȘȐȒ
ǸȈȏȊȍ șȘȈȊȕȐȚșȧ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ
ǲȚȖ Ȑȏ ȗȍȘȕȈȚȖȑ ȘȖȌȕȐ"
— ǶșȖȉȕȧȒȖȔ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȐȝ
Ǻȣ ȕȍșȘȈȊȕȐȔȣȑ șȚȖȐȠȤ
ǿȚȖ ș ȊȣșȖȚȣ ȏȈȗȓȍȕȐȓ
— Ǫ ȋȓȣȉȈȝ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȤȧ șȚȖȐȠȤ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȚȠȍȓȤȕȐȒ-ȗȍȊȍȞ
ǹ ȌȘțȎȉȖȑ șȚȘȍȔȐȚșȧ Ȓ Țȍȉȍ
ǰ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȍȚ ȗȖȥȚ
ǺȊȖȑ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȤȧ țȌȍȓ
ǲȖȘȔȐȚ Ȑ ȗȖȐȚ Țȍȉȧ
Ǫ ȊȣșȤ ȖȚȗțșȒȈȍȚ Ȑ ȊȖȚ
ǪȏȖȘȣ ș ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȖȔ șȓȍȌȧȚ
ǺȊȖȑ ȖȌȐȟȈȓȣȑ ȗȖȓȍȚ
— ǰ ȊȖșȝȐȡȈȍȚ ȔȍȟȚț
ǸȈȌȖșȚȤ ȗȖȌȤȧȚȐȧ ȊȔȐȋ
ǺȖȟȕȖ ȗȖȥȚȖȊȣȑ Ǭțȝ
Ǫ ȖȉȘȈȏȍ ȧȘȒȖȔ ȊȖȏȕȐȒ.
— ǺȐȝȈȧ ȓȦȚȕȧ ǮțȘȈȊȓȤ
ǪȖȚ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈ ȔȖȍ
ǪȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȍȔȓȍȚ Ȋ ȋȖȘȈȝ
ǻȍȌȐȕȍȕȤȧ ȎȐȓȤȍ.

ǻǮ ǹȌǯǼǰǻȉȃ ǽǳǾǳǸǾǳǿȀǸǮȃ
ǽǾǶȅȁǲȉ
ǻȜȐȓșșȎ-ȚȖțȖȎȠȬȞȎ
(1922)

ǿȓȞȎȢȖȚȓ ǵȎȣȎȞȪȓȐțȓ
ǹǳǿǼȃǶǻǼǷ —
Ǯȍȕȍ ȔȖȍȑ ȗȖșȊȧȡȈȦ
ǨȊȚȖȘ
ǽȈȘȉȐȕ, ǴȈȘȚ  ȋ.

259
ǽǼȅȀǼǰǮȍ ǺǮǾǸǮ
ǸȈșșȒȈȏ Ȑȏ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǭȋțȟȐ-șȈȕ — șȚȘȖȑȕȈȧ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȐȞȈ
ǭȍ ȌȐȊȖ-ȗȣȠȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȖ-ȋȘȈȕȌȐȖȏȕȖ ȗȘȐȟȍșȈȕȕȣȍ ȖȚ-
ȓȐȟȈȓȐ ȍȍ ȖȚ ȗȖȌȘțȋ
ǵȍȖȉȣȟȈȍȕ ȉȣȓ Ȍȓȧ ȧȗȖȕȒȐ ȍȍ ȚȖȕȒȐȑ ȕȖș ș ȍȓȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖȑ ȋȖȘȉȐȕȒȖȑ
ǲȖȋȌȈ ǭȋțȟȐ-șȈȕ șȔȍȧȓȈșȤ ȐȓȐ ȘȈșȒȘȣȊȈȓȈ șȊȖȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȘȖȚȐȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ — ȕȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȝ ȉȍȓȖșȕȍȎȕȣȝ ȏțȉȈȝ ȍȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ ȌȘȖȉȐ-
ȓȐșȤ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȍ ȉȓȐȒȐ
ǵȈȘȧȎȈȓȈșȤ ǭȋțȟȐ Ȋ Ȑȏȧȡȕȣȍ ȞȊȍȚȕȣȍ ȒȐȔȖȕȖ ȘȈȏȘȐșȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȍȍ ȓȦȉȐȔȣ-
ȔȐ ȞȊȍȚȈȔȐ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȔȐ ȓȍȋȟȈȑȠȐȔȐ ȐȘȐșȈȔȐ ȗȣȠȕȣȔȐ ȔȖȝȕȈȚȣȔȐ ȝȘȐȏȈȕ-
ȚȍȔȈȔȐ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȎȕȣȔȐ ȞȊȍȚțȡȐȔȐ ȊȍȚȒȈȔȐ ǹȈȒțȘȣ Ǫ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȕȣȝ șȒȓȈȌȒȈȝ ȠȐ-
ȘȖȒȐȝ ȗȖȌȘțȒȈȊȕȐȒȖȊ ȍȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȌțȠȐșȚȣȑ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȣȑ ȗȓȈȚȖȒ țȏȖȘȟȈ-
ȚȖ-ȘȍȏȕȖȑ șȒȓȈȌȕȖȑ ȊȍȍȘ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȐȍ ȒȘȈșȒȐ Ȍȓȧ ȋțȉ Ȑ ȡȍȒ
ǶȚȍȞ ǭȋțȟȐ ȓȦȉȐȓ Ȑ ȉȈȓȖȊȈȓ șȊȖȦ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȌȖȟȤ ǬȈȘȐȓ ȍȑ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑ-
șȒȐȍ — ȚȈȒȐȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ Ȍȓȧ ǭȋțȟȐ — ȕȈȘȧȌȣ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȓ ȘȍȌȒȐȍ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ ȒȕȐ-
ȋȐ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȍ ȉȍȏȌȍȓțȠȒȐ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ Ȗȕ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ ș ȌȖȟȒȖȑ ș ȒȖȕȞȍȘȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȌȈȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȈȕȋȓȐȑ-
șȒȖȔ Ȓȓțȉȍ ȗȘȖȍȏȎȈȦȡȐȍ Ȋ ǨȔȍȘȐȒț ȋȈșȚȘȖȓȍȘȣ
ǭȋțȟȐ-șȈȕ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȈ ȐȋȘȈ ȕȈ ȘȖȧȓȍ ǰ ȍȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ
ȐȋȘțȠȍȟȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍșȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȔȐ ȍȍ ȒȖȚȖ Ȑ ȠȈȔȐșȍȕ — ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȣ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ
ȖȕȈ țȟȐȓȈșȤ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ ș ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ ȌȈȓȍȟȈȑȠȍȋȖ
Ƕ șȊȖȍȔ ȘȈȏȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȐ Ȋ ȘȖȌȕȣȝ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȈȝ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓȈ ș ȉȖ-
ȓȤȦ ȖȚȞț
ǪșȒȖȘȍ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǭȋțȟȐ-șȈȕ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȓȖșȤ ȊȖșȍȔȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȉț-
ȔȈȎȕȣȑ Ȑȏȧȡȕȣȑ ȌȖȔȐȒ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȍ, ȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȊȕȍșȓȐ ȋȘȖȔȖȏȌȒȐȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ
ȘȖȧȓȤ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȝȘțȗȒȐȍ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ ȞȐȕȖȊȒȐ — Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǭȋțȟȐ-șȈȕ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖȔȈ — ȖȕȈ țȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȗȖȒțȗȈȚȤ ©ǹȈȒȈȕȖ-ȗȈȕª
— ȒȖȘȔ Ȍȓȧ Șȣȉ
ǰȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ — ȏȖȓȖȚȣȝ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ Șȣȉ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȘȍȏȊȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖȌ ȍȍ ȖȒ-
ȕȖȔ Ȋ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȔ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȗȘțȌț
ǹ ȗȖȒțȗȒȖȑ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȊȖȠȓȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ Ȋ șȈȌ ȕȍȎȕȖ-ȗȘȐȊȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȖȋȓȧȌȍȓȈ ȘȈȏ-
ȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȧȘȒȐȍ ȞȊȍȚȣ ȈȗȍȓȤșȐȕȖȊȣȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ Ȑ ȒȈȘȓȐȒȖȊȣȍ șȖșȍȕȒȐ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȧ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ Ȑ ȞȍȗȒȖ ȓȍȗȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȣȝ ȒȈȔȍȕȤȧȝ-ȖșȚȘȖȊȒȈȝ ȗȘțȌȈ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȘȈșȒȘȖȠȐȓȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȒțșȒȐ șȈȒȈȕȖ-ȗȈȕ Ȑ șȚȈȓȈ ȠȈȓȖȊȓȐȊȖ ȉȘȖ-
șȈȚȤ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȒțșȖȟȒȐ ȘȣȉȈȔ
ǭȍ șȔȍȠȐȓȈ Ȑ ȏȈȉȈȊȓȧȓȈ ȊȍȟȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ș ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔȐ — Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȗȐȡȐ
ǯȖȓȖȚȣȝ Șȣȉ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȖ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ — ȒȘțȗȕȍȍ ȗȘȖȎȖȘȓȐȊȍȑ Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ ǯȖ-
ȓȖȚȣȔ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȌȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ
ǭȋțȟȐ-șȈȕ șȔȍȧșȤ ȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȗȘțȌ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ Ȓ ȖȒȕț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȏȧȚȤ șȍȚ-
Ȓț ȕȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ ȉȈȔȉțȒȖȊȖȑ ȗȈȓȒȍ — ȥȚȖȑ șȍȚȒȖȑ ȖȕȈ ȖȚȋȖȕȧȓȈ ȏȓȣȝ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ

260
Șȣȉ ȖȚ ȗțȋȓȐȊȣȝ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȝ
ǷȖȌȖȠȓȈ Ȓ ȖȒȕț ǪșȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȘȓȈ ǵȈ ȡȍȒȈȝ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓȐ ȗțȕȞȖȊȣȍ
ȒȘȈȗȐȕȒȐ ȘțȔȧȕȞȈ
ǸȈșȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȘȖȧȓȤ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȍȑ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ șȒȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ
ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȔ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍȔ ș ȖșȒȈȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȏțȉȈȔȐ — ȘȧȌȖȔ ȒȓȈȊȐȠȍȑ
ǯȈȉȣȓȈ Ȗ ȘȣȉȒȈȝ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȌȐȒȖ ȗȘȐșȒȈȒȐȊȈȧ Ȓ ȖȚȞț Ȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘ-
ȕȈȧ șȚȈȓȈ ȋȓȈȌȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ șȍȌțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȔȖȘȡȐȕȐșȚȣȍ șțȝȐȍ ȡȍȒȐ
***
ǪșȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȍ șȗȈȓȈ ǭȋțȟȐ
ǳȖȎȐȓȈșȤ ȕȖ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȉȍȘȍȎȕȖ ȖȚȘȣȊȈȓȈ ȠȍȦ ȖȚ ȗȖȌțȠȒȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ Ȑș-
ȗȖȘȚȐȚȤ ȗȘȐȟȍșȒȐ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖ țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ ȠȓȈ Ȓ ȘȖȧȓȦ
ǬȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȝȘțȗȒȐȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȟȐȒȈȔȐ ȍȌȊȈ ȒȈșȈȓȈșȤ ȒȓȈȊȐȠȍȑ Ȑ ȏȈȔȐȘȈȓȈ Ȋ
ȕȍșȒȈȏȈȕȕȖȔ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȍ ǪșȓțȠȐȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȟȍȚȒȐȍ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȍ
ȏȊțȒȐ.
ǪȌȘțȋ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȈ ȏȈȉȣȚȣȍ ȒȖȚȖ Ȑ ȠȈȔȐșȍȕ
ǻȓȣȉȕțȓȈșȤ șȈȔȈ șȍȉȍ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȔȈȕȍȘȕȖ-șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ ǷȖȌȖȠȓȈ Ȓ ȘȖȌȕȣȔ Ȋȍ-
ȡȈȔ — șȗțȚȕȐȒȈȔ ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ ȌȈȓȍȟȈȑȠȍȋȖ
ǯȈȒțȚȈȓȈ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȣ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕțȦ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȦ ǺȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȔȕȖȋȖȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȖȚȕȍșȓȈ șȊȍȘȚȖȒ Ȋ țȋȖȓ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ț ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȕȖȎȍȒ ȘȖȧȓȧ
ǸȈȏȌȊȐȕțȓȈ ȉțȔȈȎȕțȦ șȚȍȕț Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȍ ȖȋȕȐ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ Ȑ Șȍȑ-
ȌȈ ǫȖȘȕȣȑ ȌțȠȐșȚȣȑ ȊȍȚȍȘȖȒ ȓȈșȒȈȓ ȍȍ ȗȣȓȈȦȡȍȍ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈȗȘȈș-
ȕȖ șȐȓȐȓșȧ șȗțȚȈȚȤ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȍȗȈȝȖȊȣȔ ȋȘȍȉȕȍȔ ȒȖșȖ-
ȗȓȍȚȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȉțȓȈȊȒȈȔȐ ș ȒȖȘȈȓȓȖȊȣȔȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȒȈȔȐ
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ ȏȈșȕțȓȈ ǭȋțȟȐ-șȈȕ ȍȑ șȕȐȓȐșȤ șȈȔȣȍ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȟțȌȓȐȊȣȍ șȕȣ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȘȖȧȓȤ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȚȍȕȤȦ Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ țȝȖȌȐȓ șȒȊȖȏȤ
șȚȍȕț Ȋ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ șȈȌ ǰ Ȋșȍ ȍȋȖ ȒȓȈȊȐȠȐ ȏȊȍȕȍȓȐ ȔȍȓȖȌȐȟȕȖ Ȑ ȔȖȕȖȚȖȕȕȖ,
ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȗȘȖȡȈȧșȤ ș ǭȋțȟȐ Ȑ ȍȍ ȞȐȕȖȊȖȟȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȖȑ
ǰ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ǭȋțȟȐ ȚȧȕțȓȈ ȘțȒȐ țȔȖȓȧȓȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȕȍȉȖ șȎȈȓȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈȌ ȕȍȑ
ǸȖȧȓȤ ȗȘȖȗȓȣȊȈȓ ȗȖȌ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧȔȐ Ȋ ȕȖȟȤ
ǯȈȔȐȘȈȓȐ ȏȊțȒȐ Ȑ ȚȈȧȓȐ ȗȖ Ȕȋȓȍ ǿȍȘȕȈȧ ȚȍȕȤ ȘȖȧȓȧ ȚȍȘȧȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȝ.
ǰ ǭȋțȟȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȋȌȍ ȒȓȈȊȐȠȐ"
ǺȖ ȍȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ — ȉȍȓȣȍ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȗȖȓȖșȒȐ-ȒȓȈȊȐȠȐ șȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ș ȘȖȧȓȧ Ȑ ȉȣ-
șȚȘȖ ȉȍȋȈȓȐ ȗȘȣȋȈȓȐ ȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȗȖ ȞȐȕȖȊȒȈȔ ȕȍțȓȖȊȐȔȖ șȒȖȓȤ-
ȏȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȍȍ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȖȔț Țȍȓț ȕȍȎȕȖ ȏȊțȟȈ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȓȈȌȣ...
ǭȋțȟȐ ȗȘȖȉțȎȌȈȓȈșȤ ȊșȒȈȒȐȊȈȓȈ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȓ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȔț ȟțȎȍȏȍȔ-
ȕȖȔț ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚț Ȑ ȘȖȉȒȖ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȓȈ ȚȖȕȒȐȔȐ ȗȈȓȍȊȣȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȟȐȒȈȔȐ ȓȈșȒȖ-
Ȋȣȍ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȒȓȈȊȐȠȐ
ǿțȚȤ ȏȈȐȋȘȈȓȖșȤ țȚȘȖ — ǭȋțȟȐ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓȈ Ȋ șȈȌ șȖȘȊȈȓȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ Ȑ ȚȘȈȊ
Ȑ ȘȈȏțȒȘȈșȐȓȈ ȐȔȐ ȘȖȧȓȤ
ǵȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȚȍȞ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȑ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȉȍȌȈ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ-țȟȐ-

261
ȚȍȓȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉțȌȍȚ țȟȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȍ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ țȉȍ-
ȎȈȓȈ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț șȖȉȘȈȓȈ ș ȘȖȧȓȧ Ȋșȍ ȞȊȍȚȣ Ȓ ȚȘȈȊȣ Ȑ șȉȘȖșȐȓȈ Ȑȝ Ȓ ȗȘț-
Ȍț ǲȖȋȌȈ ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȉȍȌȈ ǭȋțȟȐ-șȈȕ ȊȖȠȓȈ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȓ ȖȚȞț ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ țȎȍ ȉȍ-
șȍȌȖȊȈȓ ș ȕȐȔ.
— «Ǩȝ ȥȚȖ ȊȖȚ ȒȚȖ— “ǷȖȟȚȖȊȈȧ ȔȈȘȒȈ.”»
ǰ ǭȋțȟȐ ȊȌȘțȋ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓȈșȤ ȕȍțȌȍȘȎȐȔȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȏȈȉȣȓȈ Ȗ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȐ ȟțȎȍ-
șȚȘȈȕȞȈ
ǶȕȈ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ țȎȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ
Ƕȕ ȎȐȓ Ȋ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȖȔ ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓȍ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȒțȘȐȓ ȚȘțȉȒț ș ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȣȔ «caps-
tan» Ȑ ȒȖȗȖȠȐȓșȧ ș ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȧȔȐ ȗȖȟȚȖȊȣȝ ȔȈȘȖȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȘȍȏ-
ȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ
ǫȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȟȍȘ ȖȌȕȐȔȐ ȔȈȘȒȈȔȐ Ȋ ȉȣȓȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈȎȐȓ ȒȘțȗ-
ȕȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȏȈȊȍȓ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ Ȋ ǲȐȚȈȍ ȖȉȠȐȘȕȣȍ ȟȈȑȕȣȍ ȗȓȈȕȚȈȞȐȐ ȕȖ ȊșȒȖȘȍ Ȏȍ
Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȗȓȈȕȚȈȞȐȐ ȊȣȔȍȕȧȓ ȕȈ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȘȍȌȒțȦ șȚȈȘȐȕȕțȦ ȔȈȘȒț.
ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȟȍȘ ȉȣȓ ȍȡȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ǵȍȘȍȌȒȖ ǭȋțȟȐ șȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȗȖ-
ȌȘțȋȈȔȐ șȓȍȌȐȓȈ ȏȖȘȒȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȖȑ ȗȖȝȖȌȒȖȑ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȔ
ȔțȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ Ȑ ȍȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȓȖ ȕȍșȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȐȍ șȚȘȖȋȐȝ ȟȍȘȚ ȍȋȖ
ȓȐȞȈ ș ȔȧȋȒȐȔ ȓȈșȒȖȊȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȋȖȓțȉȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ
ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȊȍȟȍȘȈȔȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖ ȚȖșȒȖȊȈȓȈ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȧ Ȗ ȟȍȔ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ șȈ-
Ȍț ȍȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐșȤ ȋȖȓțȉȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȍ șȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈ-
ȕȐȕȈ ǺȖȋȌȈ ǭȋțȟȐ-șȈȕ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȓȈ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ țȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȓ ȖȚȞț...
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ǻȝȖȌȧ Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȑ ȕȖȚȣ
ǭȋțȟȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ Ȋ ȍȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȉȣȓ ȟțȎȍșȚȘȈȕȍȞ Ȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȍȍ ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȓȈ ȚȖȋȖ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȍ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ ȍȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ
ǻȟȐȚȍȓȤ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒȐȔ șȚȘȖȋȐȔ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȐșȚțȗȕȣȔ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȒȈ-
ȏȈȓșȧ ȍȑ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ Ƕȕ ȌȈȎȍ ȠțȚȐȓ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȍȍ — ȗȖ ȊȣȋȖȊȖȘț — ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȒȖȑ Ȉ
ȗȖ ȕȖșȐȒț — ȋȘȍȟȈȕȒȖȑ
ǺȘȐ ȘȈȏȈ Ȋ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓ Ȓ ǭȋțȟȐ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȟȍȘ
ǰȕȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ ȗȖȌȖȓȋț Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ Ȑ Ȋ șțȔȍȘȒȐ ȐȋȘȈȓ ȌȐȊ-
ȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȝ ȒȖȔȗȖȏȐȚȖȘȖȊ
ǹȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȓțȠȈȚȤ ȔțȏȣȒț Ȋ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȐȋȘțȠȍȟȕȖȔ ȌȖȔȐȒȍ șȚȍȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȖ-
ȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ țȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȚȤ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȉțȘȕȣȍ ȗȖȚȖȒȐ ȏȊțȒȖȊ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊȍșȤ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȣȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓ șȓțȠȈȍȚ ȐȋȘț ȍȍ țȟȐȚȍȓȧ
ǵȈȌȖȍȌȓȐȊȣȍ ȋȈȔȔȣ ǭȋțȟȐ ȘȈȏțȟȐȊȈȓȈ ș ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȍȔ — ǭȑ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ șȒȖ-
Șȍȑ ȕȈțȟȐȚȤșȧ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ Ȑ șȊȍȚȓȖ ȒȈȒ țȔȍȓ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ ȍȍ țȟȐȚȍȓȤ
ǪȔȍșȚȍ ș ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ — ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȊȕȍșȓȐ Ȋ ȚȐȝțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȘȈșȞȊȍȚȈȦȡȍȑ ȌȍȊț-
ȠȒȐ ȟȈȘțȦȡȐȑ ȘȖȧȓȤ Ȑ ȎȐȊȖȍ ȖȉȡȍȕȐȍ ș ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȔ ȟțȎȍșȚȘȈȕȞȍȔ — ȕȍȏȈ-
ȔȍȚȕȖ ȗȘȖȒȘȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ șȔțȚȕȈȧ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȈ

262
ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȍȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȎȌȍȚ ȕȍ țȟȐȚȍȓȧ Ȉ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȅȚȖ ȗț-
ȋȈȓȖ Ȑ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȖ ȍȍ
Ǫ ȉȍșȍȌȈȝ ș ȕȐȔ ȖȕȈ șȚȈȓȈ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȍȍ ȘȍȌȒȖ șȔȍȧȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȟȐȚȈȓȈ
ȍȔț șȊȖȐ ȚȈȕȒȈ Ȑ ȝȖȒȒț Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȐȏȓȐȊȈȓȈ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȓ ȒȘȈșȖȚȍ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȍ Ȑ Ȕț-
ȏȣȒȍ
Ǫ ȍȍ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȒȘȖȠȒȈȝ-șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧȝ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ ȐȕȖȑ ȔȖȚȐȊ ȚȖșȒȈ Ȗ ȓȈșȒȍ Ȑ
Ȗ ȓȦȉȊȐ
ǶȚȍȞ ǭȋțȟȐ-șȈȕ ȗȖȌȘțȎȐȓșȧ ș ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕȖȔ ȌȖȊȍȘȧȓ ȍȔț ȌȖȟȤ
ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȓ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȍȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȚȤ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȐ Ȋ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȖșȚȧȝ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȊȍȟȍȘȈȔȐ ȗȖȌȖȓȋț ȋțȓȧȓȈ ș țȟȐȚȍȓȍȔ Ƕȕ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȓ ȍȑ Ȗ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȗ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȝ ȒȖȔȗȖȏȐȚȖȘȈȝ Ȑ Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖȑ
ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǰ ȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȉȣ ȕȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ
șȊȖȦ ȓȦȉȐȔțȦ ȚȍȔț Ȗ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȧȝ ȔȈȘȖȒ Ƕȕ ȔȖȋ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȐ ȌȍȊțȠ-
ȒȐ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ ȉȍȏ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȕȖȑ
ȈȘȋȍȕȚȐȕșȒȖȑ ȐȓȐ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȑ ȜȐȕȓȧȕȌșȒȖȑ ȔȈȘȒȍ ȅȚȈ ȟțȌȕȈȧ șȒȓȖȕȕȖșȚȤ ȏȈȉȈȊ-
ȓȧȓȈ Ȑ șȔȍȠȐȓȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒț
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȧșȤ ș ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȐ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓ
Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ ǭȋțȟȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȋȘțșȚȕȈ Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȈ ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȟȍȘ
ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȍ ȏȈȑȚȐ Ȓ ȕȍȔț
ǶȕȐ ȊȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȕȣȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ. ǭȋțȟȐ-
șȈȕ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȉȣȓȈ ț ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȈ ǭȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȈ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȈȧ ȍȑ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈ
ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȟȍȘ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȌȍȊțȠȒȍ ȒȘȍșȓȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȧ ȍȍ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ
ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȋ șȖșȍȌȕȦȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ș ȋȘțȌȖȑ
ȈȓȤȉȖȔȖȊ ș ȔȈȘȒȈȔȐ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ȕȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȓȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ ǪȚȈȑȕȍ ȖȕȈ ȔȍȟȚȈȓȈ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȈșȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȖȑȌȍȚ Ȋ
ȌȖȔ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȋȖ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȏȕȈȒȖȔ ȗȖȌȈȕȕȣȔ ȍȔț Ȑ ȍȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ — Ȗȕ
ȗȖȑȔȍȚ ȍȍ Ȑ șȒȈȎȍȚ ȌȖȓȋȖȎȌȈȕȕȖȍ «ȓȦȉȓȦ».
ǶȕȈ ș ȚȘȍȗȍȚȖȔ ȖȎȐȌȈȓȈ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȍȋȖ «ȓȦȉȓȦª ȟȚȖȉȣ șȔȍȓȖ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȤ șȊȖȍ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȥȚȖ șȔȍȠȕȖȍ ȕȍȓȍȗȖȍ — ȔȈȘȒȐ
ǭȋțȟȐ ȊșȚȈȓȈ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
— «ǷȖȏȌȕȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȐȌȚȐ»
ǷȖ ȍȍ ȡȍȒȈȔ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓȐșȤ șȓȍȏȐȕȒȐ
ǫȖȓțȉȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȟțȎȍșȚȘȈȕȞȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȕȕȖ ȏȈȉȍȋȈȓȐ — Ȗȕ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȋșȍ
ȗȖȕȧȓ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ȏȈ ȘțȒț ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȦ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȗȖ-
ȘȣȊȐșȚȖ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȘțȒȐ
— «ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȋȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣ ȇ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȈȠț
ȚȈȕȒț ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȗȘȖȟȍȓ ȕȍȊȏȕȈȟȈȑ
“ǭșȓȐ ȧ ȊȖȑȌț,
ǲ ȟțȎȍșȚȘȈȕȞț — Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȔ
ȅȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȏȕȈȒ
ǷțșȚȤ Ȗȕ șȒȈȎȍȚ Ȕȕȍ «ȓȦȉȓȦ».
Ǩȝ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȑ ȧ șȒȈȎț.”
— ǺȈȒ ȏȕȈȑȚȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȉȣȓ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȧ ȝȖȚȍȓ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȥȚȖ șȓȖȊȖ

Ǫȣ ȔȖȍ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȍ ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȔȖȍ Ǫșȍ ȗȖȓȖȎț Ȓ ȕȖȋȈȔ ȚȊȖȐȔ ȔȖȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ
ȉȖȋȐȕȧ»...
— ©ǷȖȒȈȎȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȊȈȠȐ ȔȈȘȒȐª — ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȓȈ ȔȐșȚȍȘȈ ǺȐȟȍȘȈ ȌȍȊțȠ-
ȒȈ Ȑ ȖȚșȒȖȟȐȓȈ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ
— «Ǫșȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȣ» ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȖ ț ǺȐȟȍȘȈ
Ƕȕ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ șȚȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȓȐșȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȈȓȤȉȖȔȣ
— «ǬȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ șȦȌȈ șȈȔțȦ ȌȖȘȖȋțȦ ȊȈȠț ȔȈȘȒț».
ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȟȍȘ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓ Ȋ șȖșȍȌȕȦȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȑ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ Ȋȕȍș ȒȈȒ ȝȘțȗ-
ȒțȦ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȐȏȧȡȕțȦ ȠȒȈȚțȓȖȟȒț ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȍȍ Ȑ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȍȑ
ȘțȒȖȑ Ȋȣȕțȓ ȗȖȟȚȖȊțȦ ȔȈȘȒț Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȍȍ ȌȍȊțȠȒȍ
«ǷȓȈȕȚȈȞȐȧ?!» — țȓȣȉȕțȓȈșȤ ȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ
ǭȋțȟȐ-șȈȕ ȕȍțȌȍȘȎȐȔȖ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓȈșȤ
— «ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȟȍȘ, ȌȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ șȗȐȟȒȐ» șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ
ǲȖȋȌȈ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȗȘȐȕȍș ȍȑ ȒȖȘȖȉȒț șȗȐȟȍȒ ȖȕȈ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ ȕȈ
ȒȖȕȟȐȒȈȝ țȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȗȈȓȤȟȐȒȖȊ ȔȈȘȒț Ȑ șȔȍȧȓȈșȤ
©Ǩ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȌȖȎȋȐȚȍ ȥȚț ȔȈȘȒț»
ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȟȍȘ ȊȌȘțȋ ȋțșȚȖ ȗȖȒȘȈșȕȍȓ ț ȋțȉ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȕȈ ȓȉț ȏȈȗȘȣȋȈȓȐ ȋȓțȉȖ-
ȒȐȍ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȣ ǰșȗȖȌȓȖȉȤȧ Ȗȕ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ǭȋțȟȐ-șȈȕ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț
ȏȈȓȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȏȊȖȕȒȐȔ șȔȍȝȖȔ
— «ǵȍ ȉȖȑȚȍșȤ șȥȘ ȗȈȓȤȟȐȒȐ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȉȖȋȐȕȐ ȕȍ șȋȖȘȧȚ Ǩȝ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȚȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȐȥȖȘȊț ȊȈȠț ȋȘȧȏȕțȦ ȉțȔȈȎȒț»
ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȟȍȘ ȊȌȘțȋ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȍ ȘțȒț ȊȣȠȍ ȒȐșȚȐ Ȑ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȎȈȓ ȍȍ ǷȈȓȤȞȣ
șȓȈȉȖ ȘȈȏȎȈȓȈșȤ ǵȈ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ șȔȧȚȈȧ ȗȖȟȚȖȊȈȧ ȔȈȘȒȈ. ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ șȝȊȈ-
ȚȐȓ ȔȈȘȒț Ȑ ȋȘțȉȖ ȖȚȚȖȓȒȕțȓ ȧȗȖȕȒț
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ǸȐȒȠȈ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ ǭȋțȟȐ-șȈȕ ȌȖȔȖȑ
ǵȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȐȝ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȒȈȒ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȗȘȖȠȓȈ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ǶȕȈ
ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȓȈ ȕȈ ȘȖȧȓȤ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȈ ȍȋȖ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ șȊȖȦ șȚȈȘțȦ ȕȧȕȦ ȗȖȓțșȓȍȗțȦ șȚȈȘțȠȒț
ǪȖȠȓȈ ȕȧȕȧ
— «ǰȌȐ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȍșȐ Ȕȕȍ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ șȊȍȘȚȖȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȈȓȧȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȣȓȐ ț
ȘȊȈȕȖȑ ȠȐȘȔȣ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ țȋȓț»
ǷȖȓțșȓȍȗȈȧ șȚȈȘțȠȒȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȈ șȓȍȏ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ Ȉ ȋȖȓȖș ǭȋțȟȐ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒ ȚȐȝ Ȑ
ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȔ
ǲȖȋȌȈ șȚȈȘțȠȒȈ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȈ șȊȍȘȚȖȒ Ȑ țȠȓȈ ǭȋțȟȐ șȕȧȓȈ ȗȣȓȤȕțȦ ȒȐȚȈȑ-
șȒțȦ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȦ ș ȏȈȉȣȚȣȝ ȒȖȚȖ Ȑ ȠȈȔȐșȍȕȈ ȀȈȔȐșȍȕ ȖȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȎȕȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȈ
Ȓ ȐȏȋȖȓȖȊȤȦ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ Ȉ ȒȖȚȖ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ Ȓ ȖȒȕț ȘȈȏȌȊȐȕțȓȈ șȚȍȕț Ȑ șȚȈȓȈ
ȐȋȘȈȚȤ ȗȘȖșȚȣȍ ȏȈȉȣȚȣȍ ȘȖȌȐȔȣȍ ȗȍșȕȐ
ǺȍȕȤ ȊȍȚȒȐ ȈȗȍȓȤșȐȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȐȋȘȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȓȐȞȍ Ȑ ȒȐȔȖȕȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕ-
ȕȖȔ ȓțȕȖȑ
ǹ-Ƿ-ǩ ǹȖșȕȖȊȒȈ
ǬȍȒȈȉȘȤ  ȋ

264
ǱǹǮǵ
— ǽȖȚȐȚȍ ȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȎț ȊȈȔ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȊȍȡȐȟȒț"
ǲȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ǨȕȕȈ ǪȐȒȚȖȘȖȊȕȈ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ș țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ
ȉțȌțȚ șȓțȠȈȚȤ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȍȍ «ȊȍȡȐȟȒȐ» ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȣȓȐ șȚȖȓȤ Ȏȍ țȊȓȍȒȈȚȍȓȤȕȣ Ȑ
Ȑȏȧȡȕȣ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȟȐȞȈ ȕȖ ȏȈȌȈȓȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȊȖȏȉțȌȐȚȤ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȧ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȌȘțȏȤȧȝ
— ǸȈșșȒȈȎȐȚȍ ǸȈșșȒȈȎȐȚȍ — ȗȘȖșȐȓȐ Ȋșȍ
ǨȕȕȈ ǪȐȒȚȖȘȖȊȕȈ țȓȣȉȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ ȘȖȊȕȣȔ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȦ «ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȊȍȡȐȟȒț».
— ȇ ȘȈșșȒȈȎț ȊȈȔ Ȗ ȓȦȉȊȐ șȖ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖȦ ȗȘȐȟțȌȖȦ
— Ƕ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȑ ȖșȍȕȕȐȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȗȖ-ȗȍȚȘȖȋȘȈȌșȒȐ ǽȖȚȤ șȍȑȟȈș Ȋȣȑ-
ȌȐȚȍ ȕȈ ȉȈȓȒȖȕ Ȑ Ȋȣ țȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȍȔț ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȑ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȍȋȖ ȚȖșȒȓȐȊȖȑ ȔȖȒȘȖȚȍ
ǯȕȈȍȚȍ Ȋ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȚțșȒȓȣȍ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȉȣȊȈȦȚ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȣȍ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȧ șȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȣȍ, — șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȍ ȊșȍȔț ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȍȔț — ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȏȈȝȖȟȍȚșȧ ȕȍȎȕȖȋȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈ țȓȣȉȒȐ ǯȈȝȖȟȍȚșȧ ȐȌȍȠȤ ȊȋȓȧȌȣ-
ȊȈȍȠȤșȧ Ȋ ȓȐȞȈ ȗȘȖȝȖȎȐȝ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȘȖȟȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȕȣȍ ȗȈșȔțȘȕȣ ȕȍȊȍșȍȓȣ
ȖȏȈȉȖȟȍȕȣ ȚȖȘȖȗȧȚșȧ ȉȍȋțȚ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȚ ȌȈȎȍ
ǪȖȚ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȐ ȧ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ Ȑȏ ȚȍȈȚȘȈ ǶșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ ț
ȚȘȈȔȊȈȑȕȖȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȐ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȋ ǵ — ȋȍȘȖȧ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ
Ƕȕ șȚȖȧȓ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȜȖȕȈȘȧ ȗȘȖȜȐȓȍȔ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ƕȕ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȕȐ-
ȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȖ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȋ ȔȖȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț ǺȘȈȔȊȈȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȧ Ȋ
ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȐ ȍȋȖ țșȗȍȓȈ... ȊȓȦȉȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȋ ǵ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ — Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȓȍȊȣȑ ȋȓȈȏ ǹȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȖ — ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȓȍȊȣȑ — șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȊȖ Ȑ
șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȗȘȈȊȣȑ — ȉȣȓ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ Ȑ ș ȚȘȍȊȖȋȖȑ ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓșȧ
ȊȖ Ȕȋȓț ǷȖȌȖȠȍȓ ȊȈȋȖȕ Ǵȣ șȍȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȌȘțȋȈ. ȇ Ȋșȍ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȓȍ-
Ȋȣȑ ȋȓȈȏ Ȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȖ ȍȋȖ
— ǹȝȖȎț ș ȊȈȋȖȕȈ Ȗȕ ȚȖȎȍ ǹȓȍȌțȍȚ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȑ ǯȈȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ș ȕȐȔ:
— ȧ țȘȖȕȐȓȈ ȏȖȕȚȐȒ ǷȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓȐșȤ
— ǺȈȒ ȕȈȟȈȓșȧ ȔȖȑ ȘȖȔȈȕ
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ǹ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȧ ȟȈșȚȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȈșȤ ș ȕȐȔ Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ ȉȣȊȈȚȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȘȈȏȊȓȍ-
ȒȈȓ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȔȐ Ȗ ǹȐȉȐȘȐ Ȗ ȚȈȑȋȍ ǩȣȓ Ȗȕ șȣȕȖȔ șȐȉȐȘșȒȖȋȖ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȗȘȖȔȣȠ-
ȓȍȕȕȐȒȈ Ȋ ǷȍȚȘȖȋȘȈȌ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ ȘȈȏȊȓȍȟȤșȧ. ȇ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ ȗȖȌȖȓȋț șȐȌȍȚȤ Ȗ ȕȐȔ
ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȓȍȊȣȑ ȋȓȈȏ Ȑ șȓțȠȈȚȤ ȔȐȓȣȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ ǲȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȍȔț Ȗ
ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ ȍȋȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȖȒ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȍ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ — Ȗȕ ȒȈȒ-
ȚȖ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȑ ȕȍȘȊȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȕȍ
ȐȔȍȦȡȍȔ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȖȉȡȍȋȖ ș ȔȖȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ
Ƕȕ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȈ ȟȚȖ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖ-

ȓȦȉȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ
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Ǩ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ — ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ǳȦȉȖȊȤ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȠȤ Ȗ ȕȍȑ ȕȐ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȓȐ"
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— ǵȈ ȗȍȘȘȖȕȍ ȊȖȒȏȈȓȈ Ƕȕ țȍȏȎȈȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ — Ȋ ǹȐȉȐȘȤ ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȕȍșȧ-
ȞȍȊ ȇ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ
ǸȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ
Ǵȣ ȗȘȖȡȈȓȐșȤ
— Ƕ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ Țȣ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȐȕ ȚȊȖȑ ȋȓȈȏ— ȓȍȊȣȑ — ȗȖȠțȚȐ-
ȓȈ ȧ
ǪȌȘțȋ Ȗȕ șȚȘȖȋȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ — ȚȐȝȖ ȕȍȘȊȕȖ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓ-
șȧǺȘȍȚȐȑ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ
— ǪȖȏȤȔȐ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ ș ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖȑ ȏȓȖȉȖȑ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖșȍ — Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊșȒȖ-
ȟȐȓ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒț ȊȈȋȖȕȈ
ǵȈ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȓȍȊȣȑ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȓȈȏ
ǹ-Ƿ-ǩ
 ȋ

ǹȁǻǮ
(1922)

ǹȡțțȩȣ ©ǵȎȗȥȖȘȜȐª — ǵȎȗȥȖȘȡ
ȁȜȠȠȡ-ǵȎțȑȐȖșȪȒȡ-ǶȜȎțțȡ Ǻapmy
ǿȩțȡ ȚȜȓȚȡ ȐȜȕșȬȏșȓțțȜȚȡ
©ǯȖȟȓȞ șȡțțȜȑȜ ȟȜȘȎª
ȗȖșȊȧȡȈȦ
ǨǪǺǶǸ

268
ǼȀ ȀǳǻǶ ǮǰȀǼǾǮ
«ǪȚȘȖȍȔ» ǯȌȍșȤ Ȕȣ — ȊȚȘȖȍȔ
ǰȏ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ȌȘȍȊȕȖșȚȐ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȍȚ — ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȑ ȗȖȥȚ
ǯȈȕȐȔȧ—ȍȋȖȚȍȕȤ
Ǩ ș ȊȣșȖȚȣ — ȐȏȊȍȟȕȐȞȈ ǳțȕȈ
ǬȈ ȊȖȐșȚȐȕț ȔȖȐ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȟȐ ȏȕȈȦȚ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȧ
— ȇ Ȑȝ ȗȐȠț ȗȘȐ ǳțȕȍ
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ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐ ǳțȕȍ Ȋ ȍȍ ȓțȟȈȝ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȊȣșȚțȗȈȚȤ Ȋ ȕȖȟȐ ȟțȎȖȑ ȘȍȟȐ — ȟțȚ-
ȒȖȑ ȚȍȕȤȦ ȊȖșȓȍȌ ȗȖȥȚț ȌȘȍȊȕȖșȚȐ
ǩȍȏȔȖȓȊȕȈȧ ǳțȕȈ ȖȏȈȘȧȍȚ «ȌȖșȓȖȊȕȣȔ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȖȔ» ȟțȎȌțȦ ȘȍȟȤ
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ǹȣȒțȕ-Țț ȗȐșȈȓ
©ǺȍȒțȡȈȧ ȊȖȌȈ — ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȍ ȌȕȐ
...ǹȊȍȚȓȈȧ ǳțȕȈ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȍ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ».
ǹȣȒțȕ-Țț ǷȖȥȔȈ Ȗ ȗȖȥȚȍ 9,, șȚȈȕș 9, șȚȘȖȜȈ
ǰ ȍȎȍȓȐ ȔȖȐ ȊȣȚȍȒȠȐȍ — Ȋ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȍ ȌȕȐ — șȚȘȖȒȐ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȍ-ȎȐȊȣ Ȑ
ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȒȐ-ȚȍȒțȟȐ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȖȚȘȈȏȐȚșȧ șȊȍȚȓȈȧ ǳțȕȈ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȋȖ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ
«ǰȡȈ ȖȗȖȘȣ Ȋ ǳțȕȍ
ǬȍȓȈȦ ȍȍ șȊȖȐȔ ȟțȚȒȐȔ ȌȘțȋȖȔ».
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ǩȍșȗȓȖȚȕȣȍ ȕȐȚȐ ȓțȕȕȣȝ ȓțȟȍȑ ȒȈȒ ȗȖ ȓȈȉȐȘȐȕȚț ȗȘȖȊȖȌȧȚ Ȕȍȕȧ șȒȊȖȏȤ
ȚȣșȧȟȍȓȍȚȐȧ ȗȖ ȒȈȓȓȐȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȏȈȋȘȈȎȌȍȕȐȧȔ ȐȍȘȖȋȓȐȜȖȊ
Ǫ ǴȈȘȚ
ǽȈȘȉȐȕ ǹțȕȋȈȘȐȑșȒȐȑ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȒ
Ǫ ȕȖȟȤ - ȕȖȊ șȚ ȖȒȚȧȉȘȧ  ȋ

269
Ǹ ǸǻǶǱǳ
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Ǫ ȟȐșȚȖȔ ȖȏȍȘȍ ȕȖȟȕȖȔ —
ǵȈ ȘȈșȗȓȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ ǳțȕȍ
ǰȏȊȐȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȑ ȗȓȧȠțȚ
ǹȐȓțȥȚȣ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ

270
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ǸȈșȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȐșȤ
Ǫ ȞȊȍȚȈȝ ǯȈȟȐȕȈȍȔ ȗȐȘ
ǯȈȗțșȒȈȍȔ Ȋ ȓȍȚ
Ǵȣ ȗȍȘȕȈȚȣȍ ȒțȉȒȐ
ǰ ȝȔȍȓȍȍȔ ȖȚ ȓțȕȣ

271
ǹǶ-ǯǼ
ǰȠȞȜȓȚ
ǾȊȍȚȣ șȒȊȖȏȤ șțȔȘȈȟȕțȦ ȌȘȍȔț
ǬȍȊȐȟȤȐ-ȝȘțȗȒȖ ȘȈșȚȖȟȈȦȚ
ǪȒȘțȋ ȈȘȖȔȈȚȕțȦ ȦȌȖȓȤ
ǳțȕȈ ȗțșȚȣȕȕțȦ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȦ
ǷȘȖȠȓȈ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȓțȟȈȔȐ
ǰ ȏȈȔȍȟȚȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌ ȗȘțȌȖȔ
ǲțȊȠȐȕ ȊȐȕȖȔ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕ șȚȈȘȣȔ
Ǩȝ ȧ ȗȐȘțȦ șȐȘȖȚȓȐȊȖ —
ǵȍȚ șȍȘȌȞț ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȝ ȌȘțȏȍȑ
ǺȈȒ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȗȍȘȊțȦ țȌȈȘȐȔ
ǿȚȖȉ ȟȈȘȒȈ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȗȍȘȍȓȐȓȈșȤ
ǰ ȗȘȖșȖȟȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȔȖȏȋ ȒȖșȚȍȑ
***
— «ǳțȕȈ ȕȈȋȕȐșȤ Ȑ — ȟȈȘȒț ȌȍȘȕȐ
ǿȚȖȉ ȓȍȋȟȍ ȓȈȏȐȚȤ ȗȖ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȈȔ
ǶȚȗȍȑ-ȒȈ ȉȓȍȌȕȈȧ ǳțȕȈ³
ȇ ȏȈȏȣȊȈȦ ȚȈȒ țȗȖȘȕȖ —
ǬȘȈȏȕȦ ȏȈȔȈȕȟȐȊȣȔ ȒțȊȠȐȕȖȔ...
ǵȖ ȕȍȚ — ȒțȘȈȎȐȚșȧ ȖȕȈ
ǴȍȟȚȈȓ ȧ ȗȤȧȕșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȤȐ
ǰ ȉțȌȍȚ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȕȈș ȚȘȖȍ
ǳțȕȈ ȌȈ ȧ ȌȈ ȚȍȕȤ ȍȡȍ
ǲȖȓȤ ȗȐȚȤ ǳțȕȈ ș ȊȣșȖȚ ȕȍ șȚȈȕȍȚ
ǺȖ ȚȍȕȤ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȑ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȚ
ǬȊȐȎȍȕȤȍ ȊșȧȒȖȍ — ȚȖȟȤ-Ȋ-ȚȖȟȤ
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272
ǹǶ-ǯǼ
ǵȈȌ ȐȏȋȖȓȖȊȤȍȔ
ǩȓȐȒȐ ȓțȕȣ
ǵȍ Ȑȕȍȑ ȓȐ ȚȖ" —
ǩȓȐȒȐ — ȒȈȒ Ȑȕȍȑ
ǫȖȓȖȊț — ȊșȒȐȕțȓ —
ǳțȕȕȣȍ ȋȖȘȣ șȔȖȚȘȦ
ǷȖȕȐȒ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
ǬțȔȈȚȤ Ȗ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȝ
ǴȖȐȝ ȋȖȘȖȌȈȝ

273
ȆǮǻȊ-ǱȁǮǻȊ-Ƕ
ǷțȓȤșȐȘțȧ ȚȍȟȍȚ
ȀȐȘȖȒȈȧ ȘȍȒȈ
ǵȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖȑ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ ȕȍșțșȤ
ǷȖ ȌȖȓȋȐȔ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȔ
ǹȖȘȖȒȐ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȦȚ
ǳțȕȈ ȊȖșȝȖȌȐȚ ț ȝȖȓȔȖȊ
ǾȐȒȈȌȈ ȚȍȘȍȡȐȚ
ǶșȍȕȕȐȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȌȐȒȐȑ

274
ǷȖșȊȧȡȈȦ ǴȈȘȐȐ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȕȍ
ǿȐȓȐȒȐȕȖȑ
ǰǮǻ-ǰǳǷ
ǩȘȖȌȧȚ ȓȦȌȐ
ǻ ȒȐȗȈȘȐșȖȊ — ȗȈȌȈȦȚ ȞȊȍȚȣ
ǿȐșȚȈ ȉȍȏȔȖȓȊȕȈ ȕȖȟȤ —
ǷțșȚȣȕȕȣ ȋȖȘȣ ȕȈ Ȋȍșȕȍ
ǷțȋȈȧ ȋȖȘȕȐȝ ȗȚȐȞ
ǪȖșȝȖȌȐȚ ȉȓȍȌȕȈȧ ȓțȕȈ
ǰ ȕȈȌ șȘȍȌȐȕȖȑ ȊȍȠȕȍȋȖ ȘțȟȤȧ
ǵȍșțȚșȧ ȚȘȍȓȐ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ

275
ǰǮǻ-ǰǳǷ
Ǫ ȚȍȔȕȖȔ ȉȈȔȉțȒȍ
ǶȌȐȕȖȒȖ ȗȘȖȝȖȎț
ǹȚȘțȕȣ ȟțȚȒȐȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȈ
ǯȊțȒȐ ȌȖȓȋȐȍ Țȧȕț
ǳȍș ȏȈȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȋțșȚȖȑ
Ǵȕȍ ȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ
ǰȏ-ȏȈ Țțȟ ȉȓȍșȕȍȚ ȓțȕȈ
Ǫ ȗȘȖȔȍȎțȚȒȈȝ — ȚȤȔȈ

276
Ǫ ȗțșȚȖȚȍ ȕȍȉȍș —
ǺȖȟȕȖ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ ȊȐșȐȚ
ǿȍȚȒȈȧ ǳțȕȈ

277
Ǫ ȊȍȚȘȍ — ȊȐȏȈȊȐ
ǵȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ — Ȋ ȟȐșȚȖȚȍ
ǹȊȍȚȓȈȧ ǳțȕȈ

ǳțȕȕȣȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȌȖȗȖȓȕȈ —
ǵȈȋȘțȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȓȈȌȤȧ
ǬȖ ȗȖȓȧȕȣ ȌȖȗȓȣȓȈ
ǶȚȘȈȎȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȈȝ
ǯȈȔȐȋȈȓȈ ȔȐȋȖȔ ȋȓȈȌȤ
ǬȘȍȉȍȏȎȈȡȍȋȖ șȚȍȒȓȈ
***
ǳțȕȕȣȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȒȘȈȑ
ǵȈșȣȡȍȕȕȈȧ ȌțȠȈ
ǲ ȊȍȒȖȊȍȟȕȣȔ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȔ
Ǫ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȐȧȝ ȌȖȠȓȈ
ǯȈȔȍȘȞȈȓȈ Ȋ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȈȝ
ǴțȌȘȖȑ ȌȘȍȊȕȖșȚȐ șȒȘȐȎȈȓȤ

ǿȀǶȃǼȀǰǼǾǳǻǶȍ
Ƕǵ ǮǾȃǶǰǼǰ Ƕ ǽǳǾǶǼǲǶǸǶ

280
ǿȐșȓȖ șȍȔȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ
ȇ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȏȈțȟȐȓ
ǩȣȓȈ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈ ț ȗȖȥȚȈ
ǹ ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ ȊȍȘȖȦ ȧ ȎȐȓ
ǵȖ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ
ǰ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȊȕȖȊȤ
ǰ ȖȉȔȈȕțȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȍ
ǰ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ
ȇ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȦ ǪȍȘȍ
ǲȈȒ ȕȍ ȒȓȧȕțȚșȧ ȗȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ
ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȚȊȖȘȧȦ ȌȊȍȘȐ
Ǭȓȧ ǹȖȜȤȐ ȔțȌȘȖșȚȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ

281
Ǹ ǽǼȃǼǾǼǻǮǺ ǸǾǮǿǻǼǱǰǮǾǲǳǷȄǳǰ
 ǶȌǹȍ  ȑ ǰǼ ǰǹǮǲǶǰǼǿȀǼǸǳ
ǷȖșȊȧȡȈȍȚșȧ ǲ ǹțȝȈȕȖȊț
ǰȝ ȚȣșȧȟȐ — șțȘȖȊȣȝ ȕȍȗȖȒȖȘȕȣȝ —
ǹȗțșȒȈȓȐșȤ ș ȋȖȘ
ǹȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ș șțȔȘȈȟȕȣȝ ȖȒȘȈȐȕ —
Ǫ ȊȍȓȐȒțȦ ȚȖȓȗț Ȓ ȈȓȍȦȡȐȔ ȋȘȖȉȈȔ
ǰ Ȋ Ȑȝ șȍȘȌȞȈȝ ȒȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȏȓȖȉȈ
ǰ ȐșȗȖȌȓȖȉȤȧ ȔȍșȚȤ ȉȍșȗȖȡȈȌȕȈȧ ȏȊȈȓȈ
ǸȈȉȖȟȐȍ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ
ǴȈȚȘȖșȣ ȌȍȚȐ șȚȈȘȐȒȐ —
ǸȈȉȣ ȚȘțȌȈ Ȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȈ —
ǹȖȠȓȐșȤ Ȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȉȍșȚȘȍȗȍȚȕȣȔ ȉȖȘȞȈȔ
ǵȈ ȋȘȖȏȕȣȍ ȔȖȋȐȓȣ
ǪȈȓȈȔȐ ȔȖȡȕȣȔȐ ȚȖȓȗȈ
ǷȖ țȓȐȞȈȔ ȊșȝȖȌȐȓȈ
ǰ ȒȈȒ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȈ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȋȘȖȉȣ
ǫȘȧȌțȡȍȍ ȊȍȡȈȓȐ
***
Ǩ Ȋȣ ȎȐȘȍȦȡȐȍ ȝȈȔȣ
ǺȖȋȌȈ șȎȐȔȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȈșȜȈȓȤȚȈȔ
ǰȏ ȖȒȖȕ ș ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȖȒ șȚȖȓȐȒȖȊ ș ȉȈȓȒȖȕȖȊ
ǷȘȐȚȐȝȠȐȍ ȋȐȍȕȣ —
ǩȐȕȖȒȓȐ ȕȈȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȋȘȖȉȣ!!!
ǰ ȊȈș șȚȘȈȠȐȓȐ ȔȖȡȕȣȝ ȗȍșȍȕ ȗȍȘȍȒȈȚȣ
ǲȈȒ Ȋ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȒȍ ȟȈȌȕȖȑ
ǬȘȖȎȈȓȐ ȊȈȠȐ șȔȘȈȌȕȣȍ șȍȘȌȞȈ
ǷȖȚȍȓȐ Ȋ șȚȘȈȝȍ Ȋȣ
Ǫ șȊȖȐȝ ȕȈȘȧȌȈȝ ȗȣȠȕȣȝ
ǰ ȘȈșșȚțȗȈȓȐșȤ ȎȐȘȕȣȍ ȒȘȖȚȣ
ǲ ȌȖȔȈȔ ȔȕȖȋȖȥȚȈȎȕȣȔ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȋȘȖȉȈȔȐ Ȑ ȚȖȓȗȖȑ

282
Ƕ ȍșȓȐ ȉ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȐȋ șȊȧȚȖȑ
ǶȚȒȘȣȓ ȉȣ ȊȈȔ ȏȈȗȓȣȊȠȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ
Ǫȣ țȊȐȌȈȓȐ ȉ
ǹȖȓȕȞȍȔ ȏȈȓȐȊȈȓ ǽȘȐșȚȖș
ǹ șȐȕȍȦȡȐȝ ȊȣșȖȚ
ǩȍșșȔȍȘȚȕȐȒȖȊ Ȋ ȋȘȖȉȈȝ
Ǫȣ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȓȐ ȉ
ǯȈ ȋȘȖȉȈȔȐ ȠȓȐ
ǹȚȘȈȌȈȕȤȍ ȉȖȓȤ Ȑ ȕȐȡȍȚȈ —
ǵȈȘȖȌ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȠȐȑ Ȓ ȐșȚȐȕȍ șȊȧȚȖȑ
ǵȖșȐȚȍȓȤ șȊȍȚȈ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȋȖ —
ǫȖȘȉȈȚȣȑ ȘȈȉ ȗȘȐȕȧȊȠȐȑ ȒȘȍșȚ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ
ǯȈ ȔȐȘ
ǯȈ ȔȐȘ
ǶȕȐ ȕȍșțȚ Ȋ ȔȖȏȖȓȐșȚȣȝ ȘțȒȈȝ
ǫȘȧȌțȡȍȍ ȔȓȈȌȍȕȞȈ
ǰ Ȑȝ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȣ Ȋ ȓȐȞȈȝ ȐȏȕțȘȍȕȕȣȝ —
ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȗțȚȤ ȗȘȖȘȣȚȣȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȖȔ
ǲ șȐȧȦȡȍȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȍ
***
ǵȈșȚȈȕȍȚ ȟȈș
ǰ ȕȈȊȍȌțȚ ȖȕȐ ȕȈ ȊȈș
ǵȍ ȝȘțȗȒȐȍ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȐ Ȑȏ ȉȈȓȒȖȕȖȊ
ǵȍȚ ǮȍȘȓȈ ȗțȠȍȒ Ȑ ȠȚȣȒȐ
ǿȚȖȉ ȊȣȒȖȓȖȚȤ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǬȘȈȒȖȕț ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȈ
ǰ Ȋ ȗȘȈȝ ȐșȚȓȐȚȤ
ǫȕȐȦȡȍȋȖ țȘȖȌȈ
ǰȦȓȤ  ȋ ǬȍȕȤ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕ

283
ǸǼǱǲǮ ǽǼǱǮȆǳǻȉ ǼǱǻǶ
ǯȖȘȒȖ ȞȍȗȒȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȐ
ǺȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȖȉȈȋȘȐȓ —
ǷȘȐȗȈșȓȐ Țȍȉȍ ȊȍȘȐȋ
ǲȘȐȊȖșȍȘȌȣȍ ȊȘȈȋȐ
ǲȈȎȌȣȑ ȠȖȘȖȝ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȈȑ
ǪȘȈȋ ț șȈȔȖȋȖ ȗȓȍȟȈ
ǪȖȏȓȍ — ȗȓȈȝȈ ȗȈȓȈȟȈ
ǷȓȈȟ ȚȦȘȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȒȓȦȟȈ
ǹȓȖȊȖ ȊȖȓȤȕȖȍ șȌȍȘȎȐ —
ǻȝȖ ȏȓȖȍ șȚȖȘȖȎȐȚ —
ǺȈȔ — ț șȒȊȈȎȐȕȣ ȌȘȖȎȐȚ
ǲȈȎȌȖȑ ȎȍȘȚȊȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȎȐȚ

284
Ƕǵ ȄǶǸǹǮ ©ǾȁǿȊ — ǸǾǼǰȊ ǺǼȍª
ǷȖșȊȧȡȈȦ ǪȖșȒȘȍșȕȖȑ ȠȒȖȓȍ
ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȖ-ȗȘȖșȊȍȚȐȚ ȒȖȔȐșșȐȐ
ȗȘȐ ȞȍȕȚ ȉȦȘȖ
ǴȖȡȕȣȑ Ȋ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ ȕȍțșȚȈȕȕȖȑ —
ǪșȦȌț — ȊȍȏȌȍ ȗȘȖȉȐȊȈȧșȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ —
ǵȖȊȤ ȊȖȏȊȍȡȈȍȚ ȗȘȖșȚȣȔȐ țșȚȈȔȐ
ǸțșșȒȐȑ ȌȘȍȔțȟȐȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ
ǴȐȘț ȖȉȢȧȚȐȍ ȗȘȖșȚȍȘȓȈ
ǵȍȐșșȧȒȈȍȔȖ ȡȍȌȘȈȧ ǸțșȤ
ǲȚȖ Ȏȍ ȕȍȏȘȐȔȣȑ ȕȈ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȈȝ
ǹȔȍȘȚȐ ȏȈȚȍȧȓ ȐȋȘț"
ǲȚȖ Ȏȍ ȘȈșȗțȚȐȍ ȔȕȖȎȐȚ"
ǮȈȌȕȖ șȘȣȊȈȍȚ Ȑ ȚȖȗȟȍȚ ȖȋȕȐ"
ǹȔȘȈȌȕȣȑ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȈȔȐ ȎȈȌȕȣȔȐ ȒȚȖ Ȏȍ
ǵȖȊȤ ȏȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ — ȗȘȖȋȕȐȚȤ"
ǺȍȔȍȕȤ ȕȍȊȍȎȍșȚȊȖ ȕȈȠȍ
ǴȖȏȋ ȏȈȔțȚȐȓȐ ȐȏȢȍȓȐ șȍȘȌȞȈ
ǹȚȘȖȑȚȍ ȕȍȚȓȍȕȕțȦ șȊȍȚȓțȦ ȉȈȠȕȦ
Ǫ ȏȕȈȕȤȐ ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȤȍ ȚȊȖȘȞȈ

285
Ǹ ȄǰǳȀǮǺ
ǴȋȓȐșȚȣȍ ȉțȌȕȐ ȕȈȊȐșȓȐ —
ȀȖȘȖȝȐ ȚțșȒȓȣȝ ȗȍșȒȖȊ
ǸȖȏȖȊȣȑ ȞȊȍȚ Ȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ ȓȐșȚȤȧ
ǪȖșȍȔȤ ȓțȟȍȑ — ȓȍȗȍșȚȒȖȊ —
ǵȖȊȤȦ Ȋ ȞȊȍȚȒȖȊȖȔ ȗȘȐȊȍȚȍ
ǹțȔȍȘȒȐ ȡȍȌȘȖ ȖșȊȍȚȧȚ
Ǫ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȗțșȚȖȍ — Ȋ ȔȖȑ ȌȖȔ
Ǻȣ ȊȖșȝȖȌȧȡȈȧ ȊȕȖșȐȠȤ ȉțȚȖȕ
ǷțșȚȤ ȘȈșȗțșȒȈȍȚșȧ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȑ —
ǷțȚȤ ȘȈșȚȖȟȈȧ ȗȖȉȍȌȕȣȑ

286
ǸǮǸ ȃǹǳǯ — ǺǮǾǶȍ
— ǴȈȘȐȧ — ǴȈȘȚ
— ǪȍșȕȈ ǴȈȘȐȧ
— ǹȔȖȚȘȐ ǴȈȘȐȧ
Ǫșȍ ȐȏȕȍȌȘȐȓȈ
ǳȦȉȖȊȤȦ ȖȗȈȓȐȓȈ —
ǺȊȖȘȧȡȈȧ ȊȍșȕȈ
Ǿȍȓțȑ ȔȖȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǫțȉȈȔȐ ȐȏȓȈșȒȈȑ
ǹȔȖȚȘȐ
— ǪȍșȕȈ
— ǪȍșȕȈ
— ǪȍșȕȈ
Ƕ șȊȍȚȓȈȧ ǴȈȘȐȧ
— ǴȈȘȐȧ — ȏȕȖȑ
— ǻȋȈȘ ǴȈȘȐȧ
ǹȔȖȚȘȐ ǴȈȘȐȧ —
Ǫșȍ ȖȉȈȋȘȐȓȐ
ǸțȔȧȕȞȈȔȐ ȗȖȒȘȣȓȐ
ǷȈȓȧȡȐȍ ȓțȟȐ
ǵȍ ȚȘȖȕȤ ȔȖȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǫțȉȈȔȐ ȕȍ șȎȐȋȈȑ
ǹȔȖȚȘȐ
— ǷȖȎȈȘ
— ǷȖȎȈȘ
— ǷȖȎȈȘ
Ƕ ȘȌȧȕȈȧ ǴȈȘȐȧ
ǴȈȘȐȐ — șȒȖȘȉȤ
— ǺȖșȒȈ ǴȈȘȐȧ
ǹȔȖȚȘȐ ǴȈȘȐȧ
Ǫșȍ ȖȋȖȓȐȓȐ
ǹȖȘȊȈȓȐ ȏȈșțȠȐȓȐ
ǶșȍȕȕȐȍ ȊȍȚȘȣ

287
Ǫ șȓȍȏȈȝ ȔȖȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǵȖ ȕȍȚț ȋțȉ ȚȊȖȐȝ
ǫȌȍ Țȣ"
— ǶȌȐȕ
ǶȌȐȕ
— ǶȌȐȕ
ǷȖȒȐȕțȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
— ǴȈȘȐȧ — ȋȘȖȉ
— ǹțȋȘȖȉ ǴȈȘȐȧ
ǹȔȖȚȘȐ ǴȈȘȐȧ —
ȇ ț ȔȖȋȐȓȣ
ǴȋȓȈ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȐșȚȖȔȐȓȈ
ǰ Ȋ șȈȊȈȕȈȝ ȔȍȟȚȈ
ǯȈȒȘȖȑ ȔȖȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǲȖșȕȐșȤ ȋțȉȖȑ ȟȍȓȈ
ǰ ȗȘȖȟȤ
— ǼȈȚȈ
— ǼȈȚȈ
— ǼȈȚȈ
Ƕ ȔȍȘȚȊȈȧ ǴȈȘȐȧ

288
ǰǳȅǻȉǷ ȃǼǹǼǲ
ǷȖșȊ ȈȊȚȖȘț ȚȍȔȣ ȇ-șȒȖȑ
ǫȌȍ Ȋȣ ȊȍȚȘȍȕȣȍ ȌȍȊȣ
ǵȖȟȐ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȖȟȐ
ǫȌȍ Ȋȣ șȓȈȌȒȐȍ ȕȈȗȍȊȣ"
ǫȌȍ Ȋȣ"
ǽȖȓȖȌ — Ȋȍȟȕȣȑ ȝȖȓȖȌ
Ǫ ȌțȠț ȊȗȖȓȏ Ȑ șȒȖȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǴȖȓȖȌ ȧ ȊȍȌȤ ȧȘȒȖ ȔȖȓȖȌ
ǪȖȘȖȕ — ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȊȍșȚȐ ȊȖȘȖȕ
ǰȏ ȚȖȓȗȣ Ȕȕȍ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȒȓȐȟ
©Ǫȍȟȕȣȑ ȝȖȓȖȌª
ǳȍȌȍȕȧȡȐȑ șȓȣȠț ȏȖȊ
ǪȈș — ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȍȘȌȞȍ
ǯȈȒȖȊȈȓ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ
ǳȍȌȧȕȖȑ ȗȖȒȘȖȊ
ǫȌȍ Ȋȣ ȊȍȚȘȍȕȣȍ ȌȍȊȣ
ǵȖȟȐ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȖȟȐ
ǫȌȍ Ȋȣ șȓȈȌȒȐȍ ȕȈȗȍȊȣ"
ǫȌȍ Ȋȣ"

289
ǵǰǳǵǲǻǮȍ ǼǯǻǼǰǸǮ
ǷȖșȊȧȡȈȍȚșȧ ȈșȚȘȖȕȖȔț ǪȓȈȌȍȑ-ǴȐȘȖȊț
ǶȗȖȧșȈȕȕȣȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȔȐ
ǹȘȍȌȤ-ȕȍȉȍșȕȣȑ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ
ǵȈȌ ȏȍȔȕȣȔȐ ȉȖȘȖȏȌȈȔȐ
ǪȏȖȘȖȔ ȗȓȍȡȍȚșȧ ȊȖ Ȕȋȓȍ
ǩȍȏ ȗȘȐȊȍȚȈ — ȕȍȗȘȐȔȍȚȕȣȑ
ǪȖȏȓȍ țȓȐȞ Ȑ ȓȦȌȍȑ,
ǯȖȘȒȐȑ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ ȐșȒȘȖȔȍȚȕȣȔ
ǹȐȘȖȚȓȐȊȣȑ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ
ǯȊȍȏȌ ȉȍșșȟȍȚȕȣȍ țȏȖȘȣ
ǿȍȚȒȖ șȊȍȚȧȚșȧ — ȞȊȍȚțȚ
ǩȍșȗȘȍȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȐ
Ǫ ȗȘȈȝ ȘȈșȚȖȘȋȕțȚ șțȍȚț
ǯȊȍȏȌȣ șȖȟȕȣȍ șȖȟȈȚșȧ
ǯȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ Ȋ ȊȣșȤ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǴȐȘȐȈȌȕȣȔȐ ȘȍȟȈȔȐ
ǯȈȔȍȘȞȈȓȐ ȕȍȉȍșȈ
ǰ ȖȚȊȍȚȖȔ ȉȍȏȏȈȊȍȚȕȣȔ
ǶȚ ȔȐȓȓȤȖȕȕȖșȚȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ǪȏȖȘ ȖȚȔȍȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȈșȊȍȚȐȚ
ǲȚȖ ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȐȍȔ ȏȈȌȍȚ
ǪȍȒȐ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȚȣ ȐȏȌȘȍȊȓȍ
ǬțȝȈ ȋȖȘȕȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȉȍȏȌȕ
ǪȍȒȖȊȍȟȕȣȑ Ȕȓȍȟȕȣȑ ȚȘȍȗȍȚ
ǪȔȐȋ ȘȈșȗȓȍșȒȈȕ Ȑȏ ȕȍȉȍș.
ǯȈ ȏȘȈȟȒȈȔȐ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȤȍ
ǶȗȘȖȒȐȕțȚȈȧ ȕȖȟȤ
ǩȍȏȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȤȍ
ǵȍșȒȖȕȟȈȕȕȖȔț ȌȈȕȖ
ǯȈȠȍȗȚȈȓȐ ȕȈȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȦ
ǪȏȔȈȝȐ ȏȊȍȏȌȕȣȍ ȕȍȉȍș
ǪȣșȚțȗȈȍȚ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȔȋȓȖȦ
ǪȏȖȘ ȌȖȏȖȘȕȣȑ — Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȉȍȌ

290
ǷȖ șȖȏȊȍȏȌȐȑ ȕȈȟȍȘȚȈȕȤȧȔ
ǵȈȘȍȟȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȈ ȊȍȒȈȝ
ǹȘȍȌȤ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȝ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȑ —
ǪȏȖȘ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȖ ȗȘȖȉȍȋȈȓ
ǹȍȘȌȞȍ Ȓ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȔ ȌȖȔȍȘȞȈȓȖ
ǫȘțȌȤ ȗȘȐȓȤȕțȓȈ Ȓ ȊȣșȖȚȍ
ǸȈșȗȘȖșȚȍȘȚȣȔȐ țșȚȈȔȐ
ǹȚȧȋ ȊȖȏȌȊȐȋȕțȚ ȕȈ ȒȘȍșȚȍ
ǳȍȌȈ — ȊȏȖȘȈ ȖȏȈȘȍȕȤȍ —
ǹȕȖȊȈ ǳȍȉȍȌȤ ȖȒȘȣȓȍȕ
ǵȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ȒȘȍșȚȈ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȤȍ
ǲȘȍșȚ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȦ ȖȗȈȓȍȕ.
ǲȘȍșȚ șȖȏȊȍȏȌȤȧ — ǳȍȉȍȌȤ —
ȇȘȟȍ ȧȘȟȍ ȏȈșȐȧȓ
ǪȕȖȊȤ ȊȏȣȋȘȈȍȚ ȝȓȍȉȈ șȚȍȉȍȓȤ
ǹȔȍȘȚȐ ȘțȠȐȚșȧ șȚȍȏȧ
ǩȓȈȋȖȊȍșȚȤ
ǪȓȈȌȍȑ — ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ
ǪȓȈȌȍȑ — ǴȐȘȖȊȣȝ
ǻșȚȈȝ
ǹȓȖȊȖ — ǴȈȘȚȖȊȣ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȐ —
ǷȘȍȒȓȖȕȧȦ Ȋ Ȍ Ȉ Ș

292
ǿǹǼǰǼ
 ǿǹǼǰǼ ǰǳǿȀȊ
— ȇ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȔȐȘȍ
— ǪȍșȤ ȔȐȘ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ
ǹȓȖȊȖ ȏȈȟȈȚȖȍ ǬțȝȖȔ
ǹȚȘȖȑȕȣȔȐ șȚȘțȕȈȔȐ șȚȘȖȕȤ
ǹȓȖȊȖ ȕȈȌȏȊȍȏȌȕȖȍ ȘțȠȐȚ
ǹȔȍȘȚȐ ȖȚȊȍȘȋȕțȚȣȑ șȚȘȖȑ
ǩȓȈȋȖȊȍșȚȤ ǬțȝȈ ȕȍȚȓȍȕȕȖ
ǷțȚȤ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȍȚ ȊȍȒȈ
ǬȈȓȤ ȕȈȌ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȖȔ ȊșȍȓȍȕȕȖȑ
ǷțșȚȤ ȕȈȟȍȘȚȈȍȚ ǸțȒȈ
ǹȊȍȚȓȖȍ Ȓ ǹȖȓȕȞț șȔȐȘȍȕȤȍ
ǺȍȓȈ Ȑ ȌțȠȕȖȑ ȌțȠȐ
ǪȍȘȤȚȍ ȗȖȉȍȌȕȖ ȐȏȔȍȘȐȚ
ǽȖȌ ȕȍȗȘȖȝȖȌȕȣȝ ȊȍȘȠȐȕ
ǲȘȣȓȤȧ șȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ Ȑ ȘȈȌȐȑ
ȅȓȍȒȚȘȖ-șȊȍȚ Ȑ ȚȍȗȓȖ —
ǲȓȈȌȉȐȡ ȗȘȖȋȕȐȊȠȐȝ ȖȋȘȈȌȈ
ǯȓȖȋȖ ȉȍșșȍȘȌȤȧ ȖȗȓȖȚ
ǷȐȘ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȓȈȝ
ǯȖȓȖȚȈ ȟȘȍȊȈ ȔȈȠȐȕ —
ǹȋȕȐȓ ȕȈ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȝ ȕȖȓȧȝ
ǪȣȚȍȒ ȖȒȖȗȖȊ-ȔȖȘȡȐȕ
ǷȓȍșȍȕȤ Ȑ ȘȎȈȊȟȐȕȈ ȔȖȓȤ
ǫȘȍȏȣ ǭȊȘȖȗȣ ȋȘȣȏțȚ
ǲȘȖȊȤȦ ȔȐȓȤȖȕȖȊ ȕȈȔȖȒ
ǼȓȍȘ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȟȕȣȝ ȒțȓȤȚțȘ
ǪȍȟȕȖȦ ȕȖȊȤȦ ȏȖȊț,
Ǫșȍȝ ȉȍșȗȘȍȌȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȖȊț
ǹȓȣȠȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȔȈȘȚȍ ȚȘȈȊț
ǪȐȌȍȚȤ ȏȈ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ ȏȈȘȦ

293
 ǿǹǼǰǼ ǽǹǼȀȊ
ǹȘȍȌȤ ȉȓȍȒȓȣȝ ȚțșȒȓȣȝ ȏȊȍȏȌ
ǰȌȍȚ ȊȖșȝȖȌȐȚ ȖȚ ȊȖșȚȖȒȈ
ǹȘȣȊȈȧ șȗȍȘȚȣȑ șȊȖȌ
ǯȊȍȏȌȈ ȉȍȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȐșȚȖȒȈ
ǹȔȐȘȐȚȍ șȔȍȘȚȕȣȍ șȍȘȌȞȈ,
ǹȐȧȕȤȍ ȗȍȑȚȍ ȖȚ ȕȍȉȍș
ǰ ț ȕȍȚȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȓȦȟȈ
ǸȣȌȈȑȚȍ ȎȈȎȌțȡȐȑ ȕȈȗȍȊ.
ǴțȌȘȍȑȠȐ ȔȍȘȕȣȍ ȗțȚȐ
ǰ ȚȘȖȗȣ ȚȖȘȕȣȍ — ȊȍȘȕȣ.
ǩȣȓȣȔȐ ȉȖȓȧȔȐ ȉțȌȐȚȤ
ǷȘȍȌȈȕȤȍ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȍ ȊȍȘȕȐșȤ
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ǵȖ ȒȚȖ Ȋ ȗȖȚȍȔȒȈȝ ȏȈȚȈȍȕȕȖ
ǴȐȋȈȍȚ șȔȘȈȌȕȖȦ ȌțȠȖȑ"
ǷȖȚȖȔȖȒ ǰȘȖȌȖȊȈ ȚȘȖȕȈ
ǬȖȕȣȕȍ șțȔȘȈȟȕȖ ȌȖȠȍȓ
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ǵȈȌ ȔȍșȚȖȔ șȊȍȚȓȈȧ ȕȍȊȍșȚȈ
Ǻȣ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȠȤșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ" —
ǷȖȌ ȕȍȉȖșȖȓȕȞȍȊȣȔ ȕȈȊȍșȖȔ —
ǴȍȟȚȈ ȕȈȔȍȚȐȓȈșȤ ȋȈȌȈȚȤ
ǴȓȈȌȍȕȍȞ ȧȊȐȦ ȖȉȢȧȚȣȑ
ǵȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ȗȓȖȚȤȦ ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕ
ǻșȚȈȔȐ ȧșȕȣȔȐ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȚ —
ǯȍȔȓȧ șȗȈșȍȕȤȍ ȖȉȘȍȚȍȚ
ǰ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȐȧ ȊȖ șȕȍ
ǷȖȓțȟȈȚ ȊȍȘȕȣȍ șȍȘȌȞȈ
ǸȈȝȐȓȤ ȊȖșȗȓȈȟȈ ȕȈ Ȋȍșȕȍ
ǪșȗȖȐȚ șȓȍȏȖȑ ȞȊȍȚȣ — ȔȍȘȞȈȚȤ

294
 ǿǹǼǰǼ ǼǱǻȊ Ƕ ǿǹǼǰǼ ǲȁȃ
ǫȓȐȕȧȕȣȑ ȘțȠȍȕ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ǰ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ
ȇ ȗȘȖȚȧȕț Țȍȉȍ ȗȘȐȊȍȚ
ǰȏ ȒȈȔȕȧ ȊȣȠȍȌȠȐȑ ȔȖȑ ȉȘȈȚ
ǷȣȓȈȍȚ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȕȖ ǯȍȔȓȧ
ǯȕȈȔȍȕȈ ȒȘȖȊȐ Ȑ Ȗȋȕȧ
ǸȈșȒȘȣȓȐ șȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȊȐȝȘȐ.
ǰ șȔȍȘȚȐ șȚȍȘȚȣȍ șȚȘȍȔȧȚ
ǹȔȐȘȐȚȤ ȗȘȖȋȕȍȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȧȋȕȧȚ
Ǫ ȔȖȋȐȓȈȝ șȒȖȔȒȈȕȕȣȝ Ȑ Șȣȝȓȣȝ
ǴȐȓȓȤȖȕȣ șȔȍȘȚȍȑ ȕȍ ȐȏȔȍȘȧȚ
ǶȋȕȍȔ ȘȈȏȘȣȚȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȤȞȈ
ǯȊȍȘȤ — ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ ȋȘȍȝȖȊ —
ǲȘȍȡȍȕȤȍ ȖȋȕȍȕȕȖȍ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ
ǸȈșȗȓȍȡȍȚ ȘȎȈȊȣȍ șȍȘȌȞȈ
ǰ ȌțȠȐ ȌȘȧȝȓȣȍ șȚȘȧȝȕȍȚ
ǫȓȈș ȊȖȗȐȦȡȍȋȖ Ȋ ȗțșȚȣȕȍ
ǫȘȖȝȖȟȍȚ Ȋ ȔȐȘȖȊț ȚȘțȉț
Ǫ ȔȐȘȤȈȌȈȝ șȚȖȗȚȈȕȕȣȝ șȍȘȌȍȞ
ǷȈȘȈȔȐ șȔȘȈȌȕȣȔȐ ȋțșȚȣȔȐ
ǹȔȍȘȚȤ ȔȕȖȋȖșȚȘȈȕȕțȦ ȘȈȉț
— ǯȍȔȓȦ ȐȏȘȈȕȐȓȈ — șȔȍȘȌȍȚȤ
_____
ǳȍȎȐȚ șȍȒȐȘȈ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ
ǶșȚȈȊȓȍȕ ȗȍȗȍȓ ț ȊȍȚȘȖȊ
ǰ ȌȣȔ ȘȈșȗȓȍșȒȈȕ Ȑȏ ȕȍȉȍș
ǷȍȟȈȓȤ Ȑ șțȔȘȈȒ ȖȚșȚȘȈȕȐ
ǩȣȓȖȍ ȉȓȍȒȓȖȍ ȐșȚȘȖȕȤ,
ǯȈȌȍȘȕȐ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȋȖ ȕȈȊȍș
_____

295
ȇȘȟȈȑȠȍ ȘȈȌțȋȈ ȋȘȧȌȍȚ
ǰ țȋȖȚȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ ȗțȚȍȔ
ǷȘȧȔȖȦ șȊȍȚȓȖȦ șȚȍȏȍȑ
ǹȖȏȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȐșȚȐȕȣ șȊȧȚȖȑ
ǹ ȕȍȚȓȍȕȕȖ-șȖȓȕȞȍȊȣȔ ȒȘȍșȚȖȔ
ǲȘȍșȚȐȚȤ ȐȕȈȒȖ șȕȐȏȖȑȌȍȚ
ǹȊȍȘȒȈȑȚȍ ȉȣșȚȘȣȍ ȏȈȘȕȐȞȣ
ǻȊȍȘȤȚȍ ȏȖȘȒȐȍ șȍȘȌȞȈ
ǹȊȍȚȐȚȍ șȒȖȘȉȕțȦ ȦȌȖȓȤ,
ǹȍȔȧȕȈ ǬțȝȈ ȏȈȘȖȕȐȚȍ
Ǫ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȤȕȣȍ — ȔȍȘȞȈȚȤ
ǷȘȍȌȐȖȘȌȈȕȖȊȖȑ ȊȖȌȖȑ
_____
ǳȍȎȐȚ șȍȒȐȘȈ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ
ǶșȚȈȊȓȍȕ ȗȍȗȍȓ ț ȊȍȚȘȖȊ
ǰ ȌȣȔ ȘȈșȗȓȍșȒȈȕ Ȑȏ ȕȍȉȍș
ǷȍȟȈȓȤ Ȑ șțȔȘȈȒ ȖȚșȚȘȈȕȐ
ǩȣȓȖȍ ȉȓȍȒȓȖȍ ȕȍ ȚȘȖȕȤ,
ǯȈȌȍȘȕȐ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȋȖ ȕȈȊȍș
_____
ǫȓȐȕȧȕȣȑ ȘțȠȍȕ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ǰ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ
ȇ ȗȘȖȚȧȕț Țȍȉȍ ȗȘȐȊȍȚ
ǰȏ ȒȈȔȕȧ ȊȣȠȍȌȠȐȑ ȔȖȑ ȉȘȈȚ

296
ȀǮǻǸǶ
ǽȜȫȠȎȚ
I
ǹȓȖȊȈ ȏȈ ȕȍȔȣȝ
ǰȏȕȍȌȘȧȦȡȐe Ȋ ȧȊȤ —
ǲ ȓȦȌȧȔ — ȌȖ ȏȍȔȓȐ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ Ȋȣ ȗȘȍȒȓȖȕȐȚȤ
ǯȊȍȏȌȣ ȊȌȍȚȣȍ Ȋ șȓȖȊȈ
II
ǹȖȏȐȌȈȑȚȍ ǵȖȊȤ
ǩȍȘȍȋȐȚȍ șȚȈȘȐȕț
ǷțșȚȤ ȊȍȘȍȚȍȕȖ
ǰȏțȏȖȘȐȚ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȌȕȖ
ǰ ȏȔȍȐȚșȧ — ȋȌȍ ȚȍȔȕȖ
III
ȊȈȘȐȈȞȐȧ
ǹȓȖȊȈ ȒțȏȕȍȞȣ
ǯȊȍȕȤȧ — ȏȊȖȕȒȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ
ǪȈȠȐ ȗȍȘȊȍȕȞȣ
ǷțșȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȊȖȌȣ ȓȖȊȞȈ
ǹȚȘȖȕțȚ ȎțȚȒȐȍ șȍȘȌȞȈ
IV
ǽȘțȗȒȐȑ ȚȖȕȒȐȑ șȖȕ
ǿțȎȍșȚȘȈȕȒȐ ȚȈȕȒȈ ȏȊȖȕ —
ǷȧȚȤ ȏȊȍȕȧȡȐȝ șȚȘțȑ
ǺȈȕȒȈ ȏȊȖȕȒȈȧ șȚȘțȕȈ
Ǫ ȚȈȕȒȈ ȘȌȧȕȈȧ șȚȘȈȕȈ

297
ǺȊȖȘȐȚȍȓȤ ȡȍȌȘȣȑ Ȑ ȕȈȌȔȍȕȕȣȑ
ǺȊȖȐ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȣ ȗțȚȐ —
ȇȘȟȈȑȠȐȑ ȔȐȋ ȚȊȖȑ șȖȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ
ǸțȒȈ ȐȕȈȧ ȕȈȟȍȘȚȐȚ
ǰ Ȋșȍ ȖȚ ȎțȚȐ ȏȈȘȖȎȌȍȕȤȧ
ǬȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ șȊȍȚȓȖȋȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ
ǹȓȍȗȖȍ-șȔțȚȕȖ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȤȍ
ǿțȎȖȋȖ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ

298
ȅǳǾǻǮȍ ȀȇǳȀǮ
 ȔȈȘȚ ȕșȚ  ȋȖȌ
ǵȖȟȤ ǬȖȔ ȕȈ ǨȉȘȍȒșȒȖȑ
ǻ ǹȍȘȈȜȐȔȣ — ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ǽȘțșȚȈȓȤ
ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȍȑ
I
ǹȚȘȍȔȋȓȈȊ
ǹȚȘȍȔȋȓȈȊ
— ǺȡȍȚȈ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȔȋȓȈ —
ǨȈȈȈ
ǩȍȏ ȋȓȈȏ
Ǫ țȋȓȈȝ
ǹȟȐȚȈȑ
ǷȍșȟȐȕȒȐ ȏȓȈ
.
.
.
— ǶȟȕȐșȤ Ȋ ȕȖȟȐ
ǷțșȚȣȕȍȑ șȋȐȕȤ
ǶȚȕȣȕȍ
ǰ ȈȔȐȕȤ
.
.
.
ǹȚȘȍȔȋȓȈȊ
ǹȚȘȍȔȋȓȈȊ
ǬȖ ȚȓȈ
.
.
.
Ǫ ȗȣȓȐ ȗȣȓȈȑ
ǵȈ ȗȘȈȝȍ șȚȘȖȑ
Ǫ ȏȖȓȍ Ȉȓȍȑ
ǫȌȍ ȔȖȓȤ — ȔȖȓȐșȤ
Ǩ ȗȈȌȈȓȤ — ȗȖȑ
ǪȖ Ȕȋȓȍ șȔȍȓȍȑ
Ǩ ȟȍȘȊȐ — ȊȍȘȤ
.
.
.

299
— ǹȚȘȍȔȋȓȈȊ
ǬȖ ȚȓȈ
2 ȔȈȘȚ  ȋȖȌ
ǽ Ƞ Ȋ ǵȖȟȤ ǬȖȔ ȕȈ ǨȉȘ
ǻ ǹȍȘ. ǿȍȘ. ǽȘ. <ȕȘȏȉ>
II
ǨșȒȍȚȖȔ ȊȍȒȐ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȉȓȍȌȕȖ șȗȍȚȣ
ǸȤȍȚȣ — ǸȥȚȣ ǸȥȚ"
ǩȘȈȕȤȦ ȘȈȕȕȍȑ ȘȈȕȐȓ ǸȈ
ȅȥȥ ǾȍȓȤȘȤȨ — țȘȤȥ — țȘȊȐ
ǵȈȈȈȈȈȕ
ǪȍȚȊȈȔ-ȊȍȚȊȈȔ —
ǩȘȍȌȐȔ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȕ ȉȐșȍȘ
ǲȘȈșȕȣȔ ȘáȏȈȔ ȋȘáȕȐȔ
ǫȘáȕȐ — ȗȘáȘțȗ
ǯȖȘȤȐ ȏ|Șȣ șȒȖȘȣȑ ș ȋȖȘ
ǰȖȨȖȘȘȤȐ — ȒȘȖȊȤȐȚ
ǶȖȖȖȘȖȑ — ȒȈȒȈȧ ȘȤȈȕ.
III
ȇ ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȋȘȧȏȤȦ ȋȘȍȏȐȓ
ȇ șȗȍȘȚȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ ȉȘȍȓ —
ǿȍȘȊȍȑ țȋȈȘȕȣȔ ǲȘȍȏȖȔ
ǻȗȖȘȕȣȑ ȊȣȟȍȘȕȐȓ țȗȘȍȒ
.
.
.
ǷȖȚȨȔȒȐ ȟȨȚȒȖ șȚȨȘȓȐ
ǶȚȨȒȐ ȟȨȚȖȒ ȕȈ ȒȘȦȟȨȒ —
ȇ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ ȊȣȟȨȘȕȖȔ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȍ
ǯȘȈȟȨȒ ȕȈȔȨȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȟȨȓ
.
.
.

301
ǹȊȍȟȈ șȚȍȒȈȍȚ ȟȈȌȕȖ
Ǫ țȋȓț — ȗȖȌȓȖȉȤȍ Ȕȋȓȣ —
ǵȐȟȍȑ ȔȍȟțșȤ ȕȖȟȈȔȐ
ǻ ȟȤȐȝ-ȚȖ ȌțȠȤȐȝ ȋȓȣȉ
.
.
.
ǰ ȌțȠȕȖ-ȌțȠȕȖ ȌȣȠȐȚ
ǷȖȚțȝȠȐȑ ȎțȚȒȐȑ Ǭțȝ —
Ǩ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ ȚȍȘȗȒȐȔ șȓȣȠț
ǯȈ șȕȈȔȐ — șȈȊȈȕȣ ȗȘȧȌțȚ
.
.
.
ǷȘȖȗȓȣȓȈ ȗȓȈȊȕȖ ȗȈȌȈȓȤ
ǿȍȘȊȍȑ țȏȖȘȕȣȝ ȉȐșȍȘ, —
ǰ ȊȖȚ
ǯȓȖȊȖȕȕȖȑ ȋȕȐȓȐ ȓȈȌȈȕ
ǵȈ ȘȐȏȣ ȚȘȐȏȕȣ ȉȘȣȏȕțȓ

302
ǮǹȊ
ǨȓȓȐȓțȑȧ ǨȓȓȐȓțȑȧ
ǹȚȍȕȣ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ — ȊȖ ȗȘȈȝ
ǪȖșȒȘȍșȈȦ ȊȖ ȋȘȖȉț ȧ —
ǪȖȏȓȍ șȊȍȚȓȖȋȖ țȚȘȈ
ǷȘȧȌȐ ȘțȔȧȕȣȍ ȘȈȏȓȐȓȐșȤ
ǷȖ ȚȊȖȐȔ ȗȓȍȟȈȔ șȊȧȚȣȔ
ǷȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȑ ȘȖȏ-ȓȐȓȐȑ
ǵȈȟȍȘȚȈȓ ȖȒȘȍșȚ șȊȍȚ-ȌȣȔ

303
Ƕǵ ȄǶǸǹǮ — ©ǾȁǿȊ — ǸǾǼǰȊ ǺǼȍª
ȅȓȞțȜȐȩȓ ȝȜȝȩȠȘȖ ȝȜȫȚȩ ©ǱǼǹǼǿ ȀǼǽǼǾǮª
ǵȎȝȜȕȒȎșȜȓ
©ǰ ȗȖ țȋȓȈȔ ȕȈ ȗȈȠȕȧȝ ȗȖ ȗȖȌȗȖȓȤȧȔ
ȌțȠȐȚȤ ȊȘȈȋȈª
©ǴȈȓȖ ȋȖȓȖșȖȊȈȚȤ ȓȍȕȐȊȣȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ǪȘȍȔȧ
ȋȖȓȖșȖȊȈȚȤ ȚȖȗȖȘȖȔ Ȑ ȌțȉȐȕȖȑª
ǹȔ ©ǲȘȈșȕȖȍ ǯȕȈȔȧª ȹ  -Ȗȍ ȔȈȧ 
ȋȖȌȈ ©ǩȍȏ ȕțȎȕȣȝ șȓȖȊª ǵ ǿțȎȈȒ
ǯȖȘȒȖ ȞȍȗȒȖ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ
ǹȖȝȘȈȕȧȑ Ȑ șȖȏȐȌȈȑ —
ǵȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ
ǴȐȘț ȘțȠȐȚȤșȧ ȕȍ ȌȈȑ
... — ȅȥȏȝ ȌȘȍȔțȟȍȍ țȋȘȦȔȤȍ
ǵȍȗțȚȍȊȈȧ ȔȍȟȚȈ
ǰșȗȖȌȓȖȉȕȖȍ ȘȈȏȌțȔȤȍ
ǩȍșȠȈȉȈȠȕȈȧ ȚȡȍȚȈ!.
ǵȈ Ȋșȍ ȘțȒȐ — ȕȍȗȘȐȒȓȈȌȕȣȑ
ǩȖȋȈȚȍȑȠȐȑ — ȉȍȏȘțȉȈȠȕȣȑ
ǪșȍțȔȍȓȣȑ Ȑ ȕȍșȒȓȈȌȕȣȑ —
ǪȍșȤ ȕȈ ȕȐȚȒȍ — ȉȍșȠȈȉȈȠȕȣȑ
ǿȚȖȑ-ȚȖ șȍȍȚ ȗȖșȍȓȧȕȐȕ
ǺȈȔ — ȕȈ ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ"
ǿȚȖ ȏȈ șȊȍȚȓȣȍ șȍȔȧȕȈ
ǯȈșȊȍȚȐȓȐșȧ ȊȖ Ȕȋȓȍ"
ǸțșȤ ȒȖȓȣȠȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȍ —
ǵȈȓȐȊȈȦȚșȧ șȍȘȌȞȈ
ǽȖȌțȕȖȔ șȍȓȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȧ — ȗȖȓȍ
ǫȖȘȖȌ ȧȘȣȑ — ȕȈ ȌȣȉȈȝ
ǸȣȟȈȋȐ
ǹȚȈȕȒȐ
ǸȍȔȕȐ
ǲȖȓȍșȈ —
ǯȈȘȣȟȈȓȐ ȧȘȖ ȔȈȘșȍȓȤȍȏȣ
ǵȈ ȗȖȓȧȝ ȞȊȍȚȐșȚȣȝ ȒȖșȣ
ǹ ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȗȍșȕȍȑ
ǺȘȈȊȣ ȘȍȎțȚ
ǸȍȟȤ ȌȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȔȖȓȖȚ
Ǫ șȍȘȌȞȍ — ȓȖȔ

304
ǹȖȝȖȦ — ȔȖȏȋ.
ǫȓȈȏȈ ȗȐȓȖȑ
ǫȊȖȏȌȧȔȐ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ
ǵȍȘȊȣ — ȗȘȖȊȖȌ
ǸȣȟȈȋȐ — ȎȍȓȈȕȤȧ.
Ǩ ȔȍȟȚȣ — șȚȈȕȒȐ
— Ǫ ȗȍȗȍȓ șȚȈȘȤ
ǬȖ ȚȓȈ ȘȈșȗȓȈȊȤ
ǹȓȍȗțȦ ȊȓȈșȚȤ
©ȅȥȥȑ ȊȘȈȋȐ. —
©ǶȚ ȊȈș — ȕȐ ȏȋȐ —».
ǺȖȗȖȘȈȔȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐ
Ǫșȍ ȊȖșșȚȈȓȖ
ǪșȚȘȍȗȍȕțȓȖșȤ—
ǯȖȘȒȖ
ǹȓȍȗȖ —
ǵȈțȋȈȌ
ǸțȠȐȚ
ǹȚȘȖȐȚ
ǯȈȊȍȘȠȈȍȚ.
ǷȘȖȗȈșȚȤ.
ǹȚȖȕ
ǷȖȉȍȌȈ
ǷȘȈȝ..
ǪȍȒȐ — ȕȈșȚȍȎȤ
— ǪȏȖȘ — ȕȈ ȊȏȊȖȌ..—
ǴȍȚȤșȧ ȏȖȘȒȖ
ǹȍȘȌȞȍȔ Ȋ ȞȍȓȤ
— ǴȣșȓȤ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȎț
ǹȓȖȊȖ — ȊȣȚȖȟȤ
ǶȗȣȚ — ȕȈșȣȗȤ
Ǩ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ— ȖȒȖȗ
ǺȍȘȕȖȊȣȑ ȊȍȕȖȒ ȏȈȋȘȈȎȌȍȕȐȑ
ǪȖȒȘțȋ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȑ șțȍȚȣ
ǹȗȓȍȚȈȑȚȍ ȖȚ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȑ
ǵȈ ȊșȍȔ ȕȈȟȍȘȚȈȕȕȖȔ ȗțȚȐ
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȗțȚȤ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ǪȖșȚȖȒȖȔ
Ǻȍȉȍ ȖȚȒȘȖȍȚșȧ ȖȚȕȣȕȍ
ǰ — ȟȍȘȍȏ ȎțȚȒȐȍ ȗțșȚȣȕȐ —
Ǻȣ ȗȖȌȖȑȌȍȠȤ Ȓ ȕȍȚȓȍȕȕȖȔț ȐșȚȖȒț.

305
ǿǸǼǾǯǻȉǳ ǸǼǾǻǶ
ǵȍȉȍș ȐȏȊȍȟȕȖȍ șȐȧȕȤȍ
ǯȊȍȏȌȈȔȐ ȋȘȍȏȐȚșȧ ȊȖ ȚȤȔȍ
ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȟȍȘȕȖȍ ȊȍȕȟȈȕȤȍ
ǻȊȧȌȠȐȝ Ȋ șțȔȍȘȒȈȝ Țȍȕȍȑ
ǷțșȚȣȕȧ ȌțȠȕȈȧ ȚȖȔȐȚșȧ
ǷȍșȒȈȔȐ șȖȕȕȣȔȐ Ȋ ȉȘȍȌț
ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ șȐȕȐȍ șȍȌȤȔȐȞȣ
ǲ ȊȍȕȟȈȕȤȦ șȈȊȈȕȣ ȗȘȧȌțȚ
ǲȖȘȕȧȔȐ șȒȖȘȉȕȣȔȐ ȕȍȌȘȧȚșȧ
ǻȏȖȘȣ ȚȘȈȊȕȣȍ ȕȈȊȏȘȣȌ
ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ șȚȘȈȌȕȣȍ ȕȈȘȧȌȣ
ǵȍȊȍșȚț șȒȘȖȦȚ ț ȏȈȘȐ
ǹȍȔȤ șȖȕȕȣȝ Ȗșȍȕȍȑ ȗȘȖȌȘȖȋȓȐ
Ǫ țȋȘȦȔȤȐ șȖȊȤȍȋȖ ȌțȗȓȈ
ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ șȒȖȘȉȕȖȦ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ
ǹȚțȗȈȚȤ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȖ ȌȖ ȚȓȈ

306
ǻǼǰȉǷ ǱǼǲ
ǹȔȘȈȌȕȖ șȈȊȈȕȈȔȐ ȟȈȌ
ǷȘȖȗȖȓȏȈȍȚ ȚȤȔț ȕȍȊȏȋȖȌ
ǵȈșȖșȈȓșȧ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȋȈȌ
ǻȔȍȘ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȋȖȌ
ǺȘțȗȣ ȗȈȌȈȓȤ ȗȘȈȝ ȋȘȖȉȣ
ǫȕȐȓȤ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȐ Ȑ ȒȘȍșȚȣ
ǷțȚȤ ȔȖȋȐȓȈȔȐ ȐȏȘȣȚ
ǲȘȖȊȤȦ ȌȖȓȣ ȏȈȓȐȚȣ
___
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȖ — ȗȈȓȈȟ
ǹȔȍȘȚȤ — ȊȓȈȌȣȟȐȞȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ǸȈȏȔȍȚȈȓ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȌȖ ȚȓȈ
ǷȓȈȔȍȕȤ șȊȍȘȎȍȕȕȣȝ Ȗȋȕȍȑ

307
ȍǵǰȉ ǻǮ ǿǹǼǰǳ
ǹȖȊȘțșȤ ©ǷȘȖȌȒȖȔª ©ǹȖȊȍȚȔȖșȒȊȈª
©ǷȘȍȌșȖȊȕȈȘȒȖȔª ©ȒȖȔȉȍȌª ©ǿȍȒȈª
ǺȖ ȗȓȍșȍȕȤ ȏȈȚȝȓȖȋȖ ȔȖȏȋȈ
ǰȏȢȍȓȈ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȧȏȣȒȈ
ǲȚȖ ȒȖșȚȤ Țȍȉȍ ȧ ȧȏȣȒ ȊȖȕȏȐȓ"
ǲȚȖ ȋȖȘȓȖ ȊȣȔȈȏȈȓ șȔȖȓȖȑ"
ǸȖȌȕȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ ȐȏȢȧȏȊȐȓ
ǷȘȖȒȈȏȖȑ șȔȘȈȌȕȖȦ ȋȕȐȓȖȑ"
ǲȖșȕȖȧȏȣȟȕȣȑ ȕȍȌȖȕȖșȖȒ —
ǷȖȌȗȖȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȣȘȖȌȖȒ ȕȍȔȖȑ —
ǹ ȉȖȓȖȚȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȋȖ ȊȣȕȖșȐȚ
ǹȊȖȍ ȘțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȌȕȖ
ǰ ȐșȗȖȌȓȖȉȤȧ ȘȈȉȈ
ǫȖȘȧȚ ȊȏȢȧȘȍȕȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǹȊȐșȈȦȚ ȊȣȉȓȦȌȒȐ-șȓȖȊȈ
ǵȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȝ țșȚȈȝ
ǹȖȊȘțșȤ ©ǷȘȖȌȒȖȔª ©ǹȖȊȍȚȔȖșȒȊȈª
©ǷȘȍȌșȖȊȕȈȘȒȖȔª ©ȒȖȔȉȍȌª ©ǿȍȒȈª
ȀȐȗȣ ȚȍȘȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȊȍȕȒȈ
ǪȖȒȘțȋ ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȈ

308
ǻǮ ǳǰǮǻǱǳǹȊǿǸǶǳ ǺǼȀǶǰȉ
Ǫ ȗțșȚȣȕȍ ȊȣȞȊȍȚȠȍȑ ȌțȠȐ
ȇ ȗȘȖșȚȐȘȈȦșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȓȤȉȍ
Ǫșȍȓȍȕȕȣȑ șȊȍȚȓȖ șȖȒȘțȠȐ
ǿȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȓȍȕȖ șțȌȤȉȍ
.
.
.
ǪȗțșȚȐ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐ ǩȣȚȐȧ
ǶȚȒȘȖȑ ȏȈȋȘȖȉȕȣȍ ȒȘȈȧ
ǶȒȘȍșȚ ȗȘȐȊȍȚȕȣȑ ȕȍ ȚȈȧ
ǯȈȎȋȐșȤ ȕȈȌȏȊȍȏȌȕȈȧ ȏȈȘȧ
.
.
.
ǿȚȖ ȠȖȘȖȝ șȒȖȘȉȕȣȑ Ȋ șȖȘȖȒ Ȕȕȍ ȕȖȟȍȑ
Ǫ ȏȈȚȊȖȘȈȝ șȒȖȊȈȕ ȧ ȕȈ șȖȘȖȒ Ȍȕȍȑ
Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȧ țȊȍȕȟȈȦșȤ Ȑ ȕȐȟȍȑ
Ǫ șȐȧȕȤȐ ȕȈȊȏȕȐȟȤ șȊȍȘȕțȚȣȝ Ȗȋȕȍȑ"
.
.
.
ǰ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ Ȍțȝ ȗȖȌșȚțȗȐȚ ȊȌȘțȋ
ǰ șȚȈȕȍȚ șȈȊȈȕȖȔ ȔȈȕȐȚȤ
ǹȚțȗȍȕȐ Ȋ ȚȍȕȐ — ȗȓȍȕȈ ȊȏȖȘȣ ȏȈȊȍȌțȚ
ǵȈ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȔȍȘȞȈȦȡȐȑ ȔȈȋȕȐȚ
.
.
.
ǰ ȧ ȕȈ ȟȈșȚȐ ȘȈȏȘȣȊȈȧșȤ
ǲ Țȍȉȍ șȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȔȍȚȕțșȤ
— ǺȊȖȘȐȚȍȓȤ ȊȍȟȕȖșȚȐ ȘȍȠȈȑ
ǰȏ ȚȓȍȕȈ ȗȓȍȕȈ ȊȣȘȊț ȓȤ șȔțȚȕțȦ ȔȍȟȚț"

309
ǹȓȖȊȖȟȍȘȗȐȧ
ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ ǴȈȘȚȈ
ǿǼǯǹǮǵǻ
ǩȍȏȋȓȈȏȣȑ
ǹȖȉȓȈȏȕ
ǯȍȊȈȍȚ
Ǫ țȋȓȈȝ
ȇ șȊȧȏȈȕ
ȇ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȕ
ǵȖ ȟȈȘȣ ȊȍȘȐȋ
ȇ ȟȈȌȕȖ șȉȍȘȍȋ
ǴȋȓȈ ȌȊȍȘȐ șȊȍȘȓȐȚ
ǵȖ ȊȍȘȍȕ ȗȖȘȖȋ
ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȖȑȌȍȚ —
ǯȌȍșȤ ȊȍȟȕȈȧ ȚȍȕȤ
ǻȎȈșȕȣȝ ȊȖȘȖȚ
ǵȈ șȚȘȈȎȍ ț șȚȍȕ —
ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȖȑȌȍȚ
Ǫ ȉȍȏȋȓȈȏȣȝ
ǻȋȓȈȝ
ǯȍȊȈȍȚ
ǹȖȉȓȈȏȕ

ǽȖȒȒț ǸǫǨǳǰ Ǽ  Ȗȗ  ȍȌ ȝȘ  ȓ -Ȉ

311
ǷȍȚȘț ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊȐȟț ǴȐȚțȘȐȟț Ȑ ǪȍȘȍ ǪȓȈȌȐȔȐȘȖȊȕȍ
ǽȓȍȉȕȐȒȖȊȖȑ-ǴȐȚțȘȐȟ ȖȚ șȓȖȊȖȟȍȘȗȐȧ Ȑ ȋȘȨȏȖȚȍȘȗȞȈ ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ ǴȈȘȚȈ
 ȌȍȒȈȉȘȧ ȕșȚ ȗȖȕȍȌȍȓȤȕȐȒ  ȋȖȌ
ǴȖșȒȊȈ
Ǫ et pivo.
ǰǼ ǰǿǳȁǵǻǮȌȇǳǷ ǵǰǳǵǲǳ
Ƕ șȚȘȈȌȕȈȧ ȗȖȘȈ
ǰ ȖșȍȕȤ — Ȋ ȐȏȋȖȓȖȊȤȐ
ǳȖȔȈȍȚ ȘțȒȐ
ǶȚȉȣȓóȍ
ǰ ȕȍ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȊȏȐȘȈȚȤ!
***
ǻȚȘȈȚȈȔȐ ȚȘȖȗȈ
ǶȚȘȈȊȈȔȐ — ȏȈȟȈȝ
—ǲȟȍȔțȒȟȍȔț
ǷȘȐȗȈșȚȤ
ǹȓȍȗȣȔ ȖȟȈȔ".
***
Ƕ ȓȍȑșȧ ȓȍȑșȧ
ǴȋȓȈ
ǹȓȍȚȈȑȚȍșȧ
ǲȘțȋȐ
ǸțȒȈ ȕȍȏȕȈȦȡȍ
ǯȈȎȋȓȈ
ǯȕȈȔȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȐ..
***

312
ǳȍȗȍȟȍȚ ȟȍȑ-ȚȖ
ǹȓȍȌ
ǶȚȊȍȚȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȚȣ
ǷȖȉȍȌ —
ǵȍȐșȚȖȊȣȝ ȗȖȉȍȌ —
ǯȈȋȘȖȉȤȍ țȚȊȍȘȌȐȚȤ
***
ǵȈȔȍȒȐ ȏȖȊȣ
— ǯȈȊȍȌȐ
ǯȈ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȊȍȘȣ
ǰ ȗȖȚȍȘȤ
ǰȏ-ȗȖȌ țȋȓȈ ȗȖȚȍȔȒȐ
ǶȋȓȧȌȐ
ǸȈșȗȓȍșȒȈȑșȧ
ǪȍȏȌȍ

ǽǾǳǲǼǿȀǳǾǳǴǳǻǶǳ
ȜȠ ȟșȜȐȜȥȓȞȝȖȭ
ǰȓțȓȒȖȘȠȎ ǺȎȞȠȎ
Ǫ șțȔȍȘȒȈȝ ȎțȚȒȐȝ
ǻ ȠȈȚȒȐȝ ȗȍȘȐȓ —
ǩȍȘȍȋȐșȤ —
ǿȍȘȕȐȓȤȕȈȧ ȒȈȗȓȧ
ǰȏȎȐȚȖȑ ȌțȠȐ —
ǪȔȍșȚȖ șȓȍȏȣ —
ǵȈ ȋȓȈȏ ȕȈȉȍȎȐȚ
— ǸȈșȗȓȈȚȈ —
ǹȓȍȏȈȔȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ
ȀțȚȐȓ
ǵȈ ȉțȔȈȎȕȣȝ ȗȖȓȧȝ

ǽȞȖșȜȔȓțȖȓ
ȂǮǶǻ
ǶǵǯǾǮǻǻȉǳ ǿȀǶȃǼȀǰǼǾǳǻǶȍ

316
ǰȏ ȈȓȤȉȖȔȈ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȈ Ǭ
ǳȍȌȧȕȈȧ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȈ ș ȗȘȖȊȈȓȈȔȐ Ȋ șȚțȗȍȕȧȝ —
ǹȐȔȊȖȓ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǲȖȔț ȉȣ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤșȧ ȔȖȓȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ
ǮȈȌȕȖ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȋȘȣȏȚȤ"
ǯȈȘȣȌȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ
ǵȈȔ ȏȈȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȔ Ȋ ȔȍȠȒȍ
ǮȐȚȤ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȖ-ȓȖȎȕȖȔ
ǷȖȠȓȖȔ ȔȐȘȍ-ȒȈȉȈȒȍ
ȅȑ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȍ ǭșȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȖȌȓȐȚșȧ
ǭșȓȐ ȕȍȚ ȐșȝȖȌȈ
ǯȕȈȑȚȍ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȘȖȌȐȚșȧ
ǴȍșȚȤ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖȋȖ țȘȖȌȈ

317
ǽǼȃǼǾǼǻȉ
Ǫ ȥȚȐȝ țȓȐȞȈȝ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȈȐȚșȧ
ȅȚȐ ȏȌȈȕȤȧ — ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ șȒȓȍȗȣ
ǽȖȚȤ ȕȈȐȊȕȣ ȗȘȖȝȖȎȐȍ ȓȐȞȈ —
ǪȍȘȐȚȤ ȐȔ ȚȈȒ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖ ȕȍȓȍȗȖ
Ǫ ȕțȌȕȖȑ șȒțȒȍ ȚȖȗȖȘȡȐȚșȧ ȓȖȉ
ǰ ȗȖȋȖȌȈ ȎȐȊȣȔ ȕȍțȌȖȉȕȈ
ǷȘȖȗȖȓȏȈȍȚ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȈȔ ȋȘȖȉ
ǶȌȐȕȖȒ Ȑ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚ ȉȍȏȉȖȎȕȖ
Ǩ ȏȈ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȔ ȐȌțȚ șȐȓțȥȚȣ
ȅȚȐ șȒȖȘȉȕȣȍ ȚȍȕȐ ȋȘȖȉȖȊ
ǺȈȒ ȕȍȕțȎȕȖ ȕȍȓȍȗȖ ȖȌȍȚȣ
Ǫ ȝȓȈȔ Ȑ ȚȘȈțȘ ȔȖȋȐȓȤȕȣȝ ȘȈȉȖȊ
ǬȖȉȐȊȈȍȚ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȖșȚȈȕȒȖȊ,
ǴȍȓȒȐȑ ȌȘȖȉȕȣȑ ȌȖȒțȟȓȐȊȣȑ ȌȖȎȌȤ
ǶȉȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔ ȚțȔȈȕȖȔ
ǺȍȓȖ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȍ ȋȕțșȕȈȧ ȓȖȎȤ

318
ǮǲǼǰȉ ǲǰǳǾǶ
<…> Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȓ
ǲȘțȋ șȈȔȖțȉȐȑȞ
ȆȕȖȠȍȑ ȌȍȊȐȞ
ǹȒȘȍȎȍȚ ȒȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȖșȒȈȓ
ǯȈ ȕȈȔȐ ȏȈ ȕȈȔȐ
ǹȒȊȖȏȤ ȈȌȖȊȣ ȌȊȍȘȐ
ǰ ș ȕȈȠȐȔȐ ș ȕȈȔȐ
ǯȈȉțȌȤ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȚȍȘȐ
ǯȈ ȕȈȔȐ ȏȈ ȕȈȔȐ
Ǩ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȑȌȍȠȤ
Ǩ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ȏȈȝȖȟȍȠȤ
ǴȍșȚȤ șȚȘȈȠȕțȦ ȕȈȑȌȍȠȤ
ǲȈȒ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȑ ȏȈȝȖȝȖȟȍȠȤ
ǹȍȘȌȞȈ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ,
ǪȐșȒȐ ȖȒȘȖȊȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ —
ǲȘȖȊȤ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȒȘȖȊȤ..
ǺȍȕȐ ȖșȚȈȊȤȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǺȍȕȐ ȏȈȉțȌȤȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȇ ȕȍ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȕȍ ȋȖȚȖȊ
ǵȍȚ ȕȍȚ ȕȍȚ ȝȈ-ȝȈ-ȝȈ
ǵȍ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ ȋȘȍȝȈ
ǩȖȐȠȤșȧ ȝȈ-ȝȈ
ǲȖșȚȐ șȒȍȓȍȚȣ ȟȍȘȍȗȈ
ǷȘȣȋȈȦȚ ȗȓȧȠțȚ Ȑ șȒȈȟțȚ
Ǩȝ ȌțȠț țȗȘȧȟțȚ
ǲțȌȈ Ȕȕȍ ȒțȌȈ
ǬȍȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑȏ șȕȈ
ǩȍȎȈȚȤ ȖȚ țȌȈȘȈ
ǶȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȈ"!.
ǪȞȍȗȐȓȈșȤ ȅȘȐȕȐȧ
ǲȘȖȊȤ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ
ǳȐȌȐȧ Ȗ ǳȐȌȐȧ
ǸȈȏȉțȌȐ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐ

ǺǼȍ ǿǺǳǾȀȊ
ȇ Ȋ ȋȘȖȉț ȗȖșȓȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ — Ȋ ȚȍȈȚȘ
ǷȖȓȖȎȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ șȘȍȌȐ ȏȈȓȈ
ǨȓȟȕȖȑ ȔțȏȣȒȐ ȊȈȓȤș ȗȈ-Ȍȍ-ȒȈȚȘ
ǬȈȑȚȍ ȉȈȓȈ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖȋȖ ȉȈȓȈ
ǰ ȗțșȚȤ ȉȣ ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓ
ǲȈȒ ȗȓȧȠțȚ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȍ ȟȍȘȚȐ
ǹțȝȖȑ Ȑ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȑ ȖșȒȈȓ
ǯțȉȖȊ ȖȉȍȏțȔȍȊȠȍȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ
ǵȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȊȍȕȒȖȊ ȕȖ ȓȍȚȐ
Ǵȕȍ ș ȗȣȠȕȖȑ ȋȘțȌȐ ȉțȚȖȕȤȍȘȒȈ
ǶșȣȗȤȚȍ ȔȖȑ ȋȘȖȉ ȒȖȕȜȍȚȚȐ
ǯȈșȔȍȑȚȍșȤ ȘȈȏȋțȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȌȍȘȏȒȖ
1919.

320
ɄɈɆɆȿɇɌȺɊɂɂ
Ǫ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȚȖȔ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȑ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ ȊȒȓȦȟȍȕȣ Ȋșȍ ȊȣȧȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȈ
șȍȋȖȌȕȧȠȕȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȘȐȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȣȍ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȐ 1914- ȋȋ, Ț ȍ ȌȖșȖȊȍȚșȒȖ-
ȋȖ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȈ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ǴȈȘȚȈ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ șȚȐȝȖȚ-
ȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȖȥȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȞȐȒȓȣ Ȑȏ ȈȘȝȐȊȖȊ Ȑ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȑ
ǵȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȖȊ ȕȈ ©ȗȘȖȏȈȐȟȍșȒȐȍª Ȑ ©ȗȖȥȚȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐȍª ȗȖșȒȖȓȤȒț Ȋ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ Ȓ ǴȈȘȚț ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȍ ȟȓȍȕȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȘȖȑ ȖȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ©ǺȐȋȘȖȊȤȐ ȟȈȘȣª  ȋ ȊȒȓȦȟȈȦȚ Ȑ ȗȘȖȏȈȐȟȍșȒȐȍ
ȚȍȒșȚȣ Ȑ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ ©ǴȈȘȚȍȓȐȐª Ȑ ©ǺȘȐ șȖȓȕȞȈª — șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖ-
ȏȍ Ȑ ȚȌ ǹȓȍȌțȍȚ ȚȈȒȎȍ țȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȐȐ Ȓ ȘȈȕȕȐȔ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȈȔ Ǫ
ǴȈȘȚȈ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȣȔ ȖȌȕȖ ȕȍȔȈȓȖȊȈȎȕȖȍ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤ-
șȚȊȖ ȒȈȎȌȈȧ Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ ȚȖȕȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȒȕȐȎȍȒ ȔȣșȓȐȓȈșȤ ȈȊȚȖȘȖȔ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȖȗȘȍ-
ȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȕȞȍȗȚțȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȈ ȅȚȖ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐ-
ȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕțȦ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȦ ȚȍȒșȚȖȊ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ Ȋ șȖșȚȈȊȍ ȗȘȖȏȈȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȓȐȉȖ
ȗȖȥȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȗțșȈ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȐȏȢȧȚȐȍ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȦȡȐȝșȧ ȚȍȒșȚȖȊ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ Ȋ
șȓțȟȈȍ ȌȊțȝ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȑ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȈ ©ǷȍșȍȕȞȣª  Ȑ  ȋȋ Ȑ ȚȍȒșȚȖȊ ȌȘțȋȐȝ
ȈȊȚȖȘȖȊ ȊȖȠȍȌȠȐȝ Ȋ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȚȐȊȕȣȍ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȐ ©ǼȈȐȕª  Ȑ ©ǳȍȗȍșȚȒȐ
șȈȒțȘȣª 
 — ǫȈȊȘȐȐȓȈ ȅȓȤȜȈ ǫ ǵ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȈ Ȑ ǩȍȏȍ ǩ Ǵ ǯȐȓȤȗȍȘȚȈ).
ǴȈȚȍȘȐȈȓ ȚȖȔȈ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕ ȗȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȝȘȖȕȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ
ǺȍȒșȚȣ ȗțȉȓȐȒțȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȖȘȜȖȋȘȈȜȐȐ ș șȖȝȘȈȕȍȕȐȍȔ ȈȊȚȖȘșȒȖȑ ȗțȕȒȚțȈ-
ȞȐȐ țȟȚȍȕȣ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȕȈȉȖȘȈ ȘȈȕȕȐȝ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȖȊ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ Ȓ ȗȘȐ-
ȔȍȘț ȏȕȈȒ ȌȍȜȐșȈ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȟȈșȚȖ ȏȈȔȍȕȧȊȠȐȑ ȚȐȘȍ ǩȍȏȖȋȖȊȖȘȖȟȕȖ ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȣ
ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȣȍ ȖȗȍȟȈȚȒȐ
ǵȈ ȜȘȖȕȚȐșȗȐșȍ — ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ Ǭ ǩțȘȓȦȒȈ Ǫ ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȐ Ȗȉ-
ȓȖȎȒȐ ȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȐȝ ȚȖȔȖȊ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕ ȖȜȖȘȚ Ǯ ǷȓȈșșȍ
ȇ ǷȓȈșȍ
 Ȍȓȧ ȒȕȐȋȐ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ ©ǹȚȘȖȒȐª 
_____
ǹ ǨȓȣȔȖȊ ǷȘȈȊȕțȒ ǪȐȓȓȖȕȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǫȖȕȋ ǽȈȘȉȐȕ  ȹ 
ǹ ȇ ǨȓȣȔȖȊ -1948) — ȗȖȥȚ ȗȘȖȏȈȐȒ ȌȘȈȔȈȚțȘȋ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȟȐȒ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ǪȚȖȘȖȑ ȔȐȘ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘ, ȈȊȚȖȘ ȗȖȥȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ Ȓȕ ©ǲȐȖșȒ ȕȍȎȕȖ-
șȚȐª 
 ©ǶȒȓȐȒ ȔȐȘȈª 
 ȘȖȔȈȕȈ ©ǵȈȕȒȐȕ-ȘȖȌª   Ȑ ȌȘ Ȉ
ȚȈȒȎȍ ȚȍȒșȚȖȊ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȖȗțȓȧȘȕȣȝ șȖȊȍȚșȒȐȝ ȗȍșȍȕ -ȝ ȋȋ ǿȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒ ș ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȉțȘȕȖȑ ȉȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȍȑ țșȗȍȊȠȐȑ ȗȖȉȣȊȈȚȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȞȈȘșȒȐȝ
ȚȦȘȤȔȈȝ Ȑ șșȣȓȒȍ — ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȉȍȎȈȓ Ȑ șȒȐȚȈȓșȧ ȗȖ ȔȐȘț ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȐȊ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ
ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȑ — Ȑ Ȋ șȚȈȓȐȕșȒȐȝ ȓȈȋȍȘȧȝ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȣȍ ȉȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐȍ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ șȔ
Ȋ ǨȓȣȔȖȊ  Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ 1910-ȝ ȋȋ Ȑ ȌȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ǹǹǹǸ Ȋ  ȋ — ȈȒ-

321
ȚȐȊȕȍȑȠȐȑ țȟȈșȚȕȐȒ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒȈ Ȑ ǽȈȘȉȐȕȈ ȉȖȋȍȔ-
ȕȣȑ ȗȖȥȚ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚ țșȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȤ ȒȈȉȈȘȍ ȒȖȕȜȍȘȈȕșȤȍ Ȑ ȗȘ ǷȖșȓȍ ȗȍȘȍȍȏȌȈ Ȋ
ǽȈȘȉȐȕ Ȋ  ȋ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȎȐȓ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ ǬȍȓȖ  ȓ 
Ǫ ȌȍȒȈȉȘȍ  ȋ ȊȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȔ Ȋȣȗ ȘȍȌȈȒȚȐȘȖȊȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ǨȓȣȔȖȊȣȔ
șȖȊȔȍșȚȕȖ ș ǵ Ǫ ǻșȚȘȧȓȖȊȣȔ - ȍȎȍȔȍșȧȟȕȐȒȈ ©ǶȒȕȖª ȉȣȓ Ȗȗțȉ-
ȓȐȒȖȊȈȕ ȞȐȒȓ ȥȘȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȔȐȕȐȈȚȦȘ ǴȈȘȚȈ ©ǸȈșȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȕȣȍ ȚȈȑȕȣª șȔ
Ț II ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȐȏȌ
©ȌȖȔ ȊȍȏȌȍ  ȏȊțȒȐ ȗȍșȍȕª — ȕȍȚȖȟȕȈȧ ȞȐȚ Ȑȏ șȚȐȝ Ǵ Ȇ ǳȍȘȔȖȕȚȖȊȈ ©ǴȖȑ
ȌȖȔª .
©Ȍțȝ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȑ Ȍțȝ ȗȖȘȖȟȕȣȑª — ȞȐȚ Ȑȏ ©ǬȍȔȖȕȈª Ǵ Ȇ ǳȍȘȔȖȕȚȖȊȈ
©ǷȈȘȈȉȖȓȣª ǲțȏȤȔȐȕȈ ©ǲȘȖȊȤ-ȘțȌȈª ȀȒȈȗșȒȖȑ — Ț ȍ șȉ Ǵ ǲțȏȔȐȕȈ
©ǷȈȘȈȉȖȓȣ ǹȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ -ª Ƿȉ-ǩ  Ȑ ȗȍȘȊȖȍ ȐȏȌ șȉ ©ǲȘȖȊȤ-
ȘțȌȈª Ƿȉ-ǩ  Ǵ Ǵ ȀȒȈȗșȒȖȑ ǨȕȌȘȍȍȊșȒȖȑ -1952).
Ȋ ©ǲȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ șȚȐȝȈȝ» — ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȐȌț -ȍ ȌȖȗȖȓȕ ȐȏȌ șȉ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ
©ǷȍșȍȕȞȣª ǽȈȘȉȐȕ  ȊȣȠȍȌȠȍȍ ș ȗȖȌȏȈȋ ©ǲȐȚȈȑșȒȐȍ ȥȚȦȌȣ ǹȚȐȝȐª
ǬȈȓȍȍ ȞȐȚȐȘțȍȚșȧ șȚȐȝ ©ǴȐȏȐȕȞȣª Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȉ
©ǰșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ǸȈȑª — ȖȉȣȋȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȏȈȋȓ Ȓȕ Ȁ ǩȖȌȓȍȘȈ ©ǰșȒțșșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȘȈȐ ǶȗȐțȔ Ȑ ȋȈȠȐȠ» (1860 ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȗȍȘ  ȗȖȌ ȏȈȋȓ ©ǰșȒȈȕȐȧ ȘȈȧª).
ǽǼǾȉǰȉ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǴȈȘȤȐȕ Ǫ. ǷȖȘȣȊȣ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ: ǺȐȗ ǵ Ƿ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȈ 
ǲȖȕȞȖȊȒȐ ȊȏȧȚȣ Ȑȏ ȗȍȘȊȖȐȏȌȈȕȐȧ
ǹȊȖȦ ȌȍȉȦȚȕțȦ ȒȕȐȋț ȈȊȚȖȘ ȕȈȉȐȘȈȓ șȈȔȖșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋ ȚȐȗȖȋȘȈȜȐȐ ȖȚȞȈ ǷȖ
ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧȔ ȉȘȈȚȈ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȧ (1901-1999) ©ȒȖȓȍșȖ ȚȐȗȖȋȘȈȜșȒȖȑ ȔȈ-
ȠȐȕȣ ȒȘțȚȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȐ ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ǷȍȚȘ ǫȈȊȘȐȐȓ ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ șȈȔ Ȑ ȘȈșȗȘȖ-
șȚȘȈȕȧȓ șȘȍȌȐ ȋȖȘȖȎȈȕ șȊȖȑ șȉȖȘȕȐȒª ǫȘȍȉȍȕȦȒȖȊȈ  ǲȈȒ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤ-
șȚȊțȍȚ șȚȈȘȠȐȑ ȉȘȈȚ ǴȈȘȚȈ ǵ ǵ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊ-ǩȖȌȘȣȑ (1890-1979) ©ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȠȓȖ ȉȍȏ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȓȐȉȖ ȗȘȍȌȊȈȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȖȌȗȐșȒȐ Ȑ șȉȖȘȕȐȒ ȊșȒȖȘȍ Ȏȍ ȊȖ-
Ƞȍȓ Ȋ ȒȈȚȍȋȖȘȐȦ “ȉȐȉȓȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȘȍȌȒȖșȚȍȑ” (ǨȘȝȐȊ ǵ ǵ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȈ-ǩȖȌ-
ȘȖȋȖ  ǽǲǴ Ǽ  Ȗȗ  Ȍ  ȞȐȚ ȗȖ ǯȈȉȐȧȒȖ ǳȍȊȟȍȕȒȖ  
ǪȍȡȐȑ ȏȕȈȒ
ǷȖȏȌȕȍȍ Ȋ ǪșȍȔȐȘȕȈȧ ȗȈȕȖȘȈȔȈ  ȹ   ȐȦȕȧ ș ȗȖȌȏȈȋ ©ǲ ȊȖȑȕȍª
Ȑ ȗȖȌ ȗșȍȊȌ ©ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ǴȈȘȌª (sic — ȥȚȐȔ ȗșȍȊȌ ȗȖȌȗȐșȈȕȣ ȌȊȍ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈ-
ȞȐȐ ǴȈȘȚȈ Ȋ ȌȈȕȕȖȔ ȎțȘȕ.). ǯȌȍșȤ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ©ǹȔȍȘȚȐ șȔȍȝ ȒȖșȚȓȧȊȣȑª — © șȔȍȝ
ȒȖșȚȓȧȊȖȑª ȐȔȍȦȚșȧ ȕȍȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȘȈȏȕȖȟȚȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȗțȕȒȚțȈȞȐȐ ǹȚȐȝ ©ǪȍȡȐȑ
ȏȕȈȒª ǴȈȘȚ ȊȊȍȓ ȚȈȒȎȍ Ȋ șȖșȚȈȊ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȕȖȋȖ șȉ ©ǸțșȤ — ȒȘȖȊȤ ȔȖȧª (1918),

322
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȊ ȚȘȐ șȚȘȖȜȣ Ȑ ȌȈȚȐȘȖȊȈȊ șȚȐȝ © ȋ ǶșȍȕȤ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒª
ǶȋȖȕȍȒ
ǨȊȚȖȋȘȈȜ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ ș ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȘȈȏȕȖȟȚȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌ ȗșȍȊȌ ©ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ
ǩȖȘȞȍȊª ǨȘȝȐȊ ǵ ǵ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȈ-ǩȖȌȘȖȋȖ ǽȈȉȈȘȖȊșȒȐȑ ȒȘȈȍȊȖȑ Ȕțȏȍȑ ȐȔ
ǵ ǰ ǫȘȖȌȍȒȖȊȈ ȌȈȓȍȍ — ǽǲǴ Ǽ , Ȗȗ , Ȍ 1224, ȓ 1, Ȓȗ.
ǽǳǿǳǻȄȉ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǴȈȘȚ Ǫ ǷȍșȍȕȞȣ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ: [ǺȐȗ ǵ Ƿ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȈ ].
ǹȔȣșȓ ȏȈȋȓȈȊȐȧ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȍȚ ȖȌȕȖȐȔȍȕȕȖȍ șȚȐȝ ǹȉ ©ǷȍșȍȕȞȣª ȖȏȕȈȟȐȓ ȗȖȧȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȍ ț ǴȈȘȚȈ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȑ — ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ Ȑ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȑ — ȚȍȔȣ ȕȈȊșȍȋ-
ȌȈ șȚȈȊȠȍȑ ȍȋȖ ©ȊȐȏȐȚȕȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȖȟȒȖȑª
ǨȌȘȍșȈȚ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȐȧ ȒȕȐȋȐ ǰ Ǩ ǸȧȏȈȕȖȊșȒȐȑ -1927) — ȦȘȐșȚ ȐșȒțș-
șȚȊȖȊȍȌ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȖȕȍȘ ȏȕȈȚȖȒ șȚȈȘȐȕȣ ǻȟȐȓșȧ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ ȕȈ ȔȍȌȐȞȐȕșȒȖȔ ȜȈ-
ȒțȓȤȚȍȚȍ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȉȣȓ ȐȏȋȕȈȕ ȏȈ țȟȈșȚȐȍ Ȋ șȚțȌȍȕȟȍșȒȐȝ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȒȈȝ ǩȣȓ șȖș-
ȓȈȕ Ȓ ȖȚȞț Ȋ ȇȘȖșȓȈȊȓȤ ȋȌȍ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓ ǬȍȔȐȌȖȊșȒȐȑ ȦȘȐȌȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȓȐȞȍȑ. ǵȈ
ȗȘȖȚȧȎȍȕȐȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ — ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȚȍșȕȖ șȊȧȏȈȕȣ ș ȘȖȌȕȣȔ
ǪȈȘȕȈȊȐȕȣȔ ǲȖșȚȘȖȔȖȑ Ȑ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȖȔ — ȟȈșȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧȓ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȧ ȈȒȞȐȏȕȣȑ
ȒȖȕȚȘȖȓȍȘ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȊȖȑ șțȌȤȧ șțȌȍȉȕȣȑ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚ ȈȘȝȐȊȈȘȐțș Ǫ
ȕȈȟ -ȝ ȋȋ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȍȔ Ȍȍȓ ǲȖșȚȘȖȔșȒȖȑ ȋțȉȍȘȕșȒȖȑ țȟȍȕȖȑ ȈȘȝȐȊȕȖȑ
ȒȖȔȐșșȐȐ Ȑ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ ȖșȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȍȑ ǸȖȔȈȕȖȊșȒȖȋȖ Ȕțȏȍȧ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ǰȏȌȈȓ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ
ȊȣȗțșȒȈ ȖȚȚȐșȒȖȊ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȖȉȠȐȘȕȖȑ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȐ ȗȘȧȕȐȟȕȣȝ ȌȖșȖȒ ǩȣȓ ȉȓȐȏ-
ȒȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔ șȖ ȔȕȖȋȐȔȐ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚȖȘȈȔȐ Ȑ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈȔȐ Ǩ ǩȓȖȒ Ǩ ǸȍȔȐȏȖȊ Ǩ
ǺȖȓșȚȖȑ Ǵ ǷȘȐȠȊȐȕ ǩ ǲțșȚȖȌȐȍȊ ǫ ǳțȒȖȔșȒȐȑ Ȑ ȌȘ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖ-
ȔȐȓșȧ ș ȕȐȔ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȒȘȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȌțȝȖȊȕȖȋȖ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ ǰ Ƿ ȆȊȈ-
ȟȍȊȈ - ȖȚȞȈ Ǭ ǽȈȘȔșȈ ȉȣȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȖȊȖȓȤȞȈ Ȑ șȈȝȈȓȐȕșȒȖȋȖ ȒȈ-
ȚȖȘȎȕȐȒȈ Ǫ  ȋ ȆȊȈȟȍȊ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ Ȋ ȌȕȍȊȕȐȒȈȝ șȍȔȤȦ ǸȧȏȈȕȖȊșȒȐȝ ȒȈȒ
©ȌȘțȏȍȑª Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ. ǰ Ƿ ǸȧȏȈȕȖȊșȒȖȔț ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕ ȚȈȒȎȍ șȉȖȘȕȐȒ ǴȈȘȚȈ ©ǸȖș-
șȐȧ ȉȍȏ “Ȃ” ǹȐȕȐȑ ǩȓȈȋȖ-ǪȍșȚȤª ǽȈȘȉȐȕ  ǹȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȐșȍȔ
ǴȈȘȚȈ Ȓ ǸȧȏȈȕȖȊșȒȖȔț ȗȘȐșȓȈȕȕȣȝ ș ǬȈȓȤȕȍȋȖ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ Ȑȏ ǴȖșȒȊȣ,
ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚ ȖȚ  ȋ ȕȍ ȏȈșȚȈȓȖ ȈȌȘȍșȈȚȈ Ȋ ȎȐȊȣȝ ǪȐȚȒȖȊșȒȐȑ 1998: 10).
ǻ ǼțȌȏȧȌȧȕȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǸțȌȐȕ  ȹ  ȈȗȘȍȓȤ-ȔȈȑ ȗȖȌ ȏȈȋȓ ©ǼțȌȏȧȌȧȕȈª Ǫ ȈȘȝȐȊȕȖȔ
ȜȖȕȌȍ ǳ ǰ ǸȍȑșȕȍȘ ȘȍȌȈȒȚȐȘȖȊȈȊȠȍȑ Ȑ ȐȏȌȈȊȈȊȠȍȑ ȥȚȖȚ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖȊȍȟȕȣȑ
ȎțȘȕȈȓ șȖȊȔȍșȚȕȖ șȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȖȚȞȖȔ ǰ Ǵ ǸȍȑșȕȍȘȖȔ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȐșȤ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȐ
ȚȘȍȝ ȗȘȐșȓȈȕȕȣȝ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȖȔ Ȋ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȦ șȚȐȝ ©ǻ ǼțȌȏȧȌȈȕȈª ©Ǫ ȒțȘȐȓȤ-
ȕȍª Ȑ ©Ǫ sic ) ǨȔțȘșȒȖȔ ȏȈȓȐȊȍª ǶǸ Ǹǫǩ ǼȖȕȌ  ȒȈȘȚ  ȹ 

323
ǵȈ ǨȔțȘșȒȖȔ ȏȈȓȐȊȍ
ǨȌȘȍșȈȚ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȐȧ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ǨȔțȘșȒȐȑ — ȖȚȍȞ ȗȖȥȚȈ ǵ Ƿ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊ -
 ȚȈȒȎȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȒȈȒ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊ-ǨȔțȘșȒȐȑ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȍȑ șȔ Ȗ ȕȍȔ Ȋ ȉȐȖ-
ȋȘȈȜ ȖȟȍȘȒȍ ǹȔ ȚȈȒȎȍ ǽȐșȈȔțȚȌȐȕȖȊ Ȉ; ǭȊȚțȠȍȕȒȖ ; ǨȋȈȗȖȊ Ȑ ȌȘ
2018 ǽȐȧȔȈ Ȑ ǴȖȘȋțȕ 1997 Ȑ ȗȘ.
ǴȖȑ ȋȐȗșȖȊȣȑ ȟȍȘȍȗ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǪșȍȔȐȘȕȈȧ ȗȈȕȖȘȈȔȈ  ȹ   ȧȕȊȈȘȧ ȗȖȌ ȗșȍȊȌ ©ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ
ǴȈȘȌª.
Ǫ ȟȈȑȕȖȔ ȌȖȔȐȒȍ
Ǫ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȐȑ ȎțȘȕ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȣȝ ©ǴȣșȓȤª ȜȖȕȌȣ Ǵțȏȍȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȋȖ ǪȖș-
ȚȖȒȈ ȐȔ Ǫ ǲ ǨȘșȍȕȤȍȊȈ ǴǷǲ-986701) șȚȐȝ ȊȗȐșȈȕȖ ǴȈȘȚȖȔ ȗȖȌ ȏȈȋȓ ©ǯȈ Ȓȓȍ-
ȚȤȦª
ǺȈȕȒȈ ȔȐȒȈȌȖ ǴȈȞțȝȐȚȖ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȑ ȈȓȤȔȈȕȈȝ ȹ  ǸȖȎȌȍșȚȊȍȕșȒȐȑ >ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ@
ȐȏȌ ȚȐȗ ǵ Ƿ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȈ  ș. 9 ȗȖȌ ȖȉȡȐȔ ȏȈȋȓ ©ǹ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȋȖ ǰȏ șȉȖȘȕȐ-
ȒȈ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȒȈȌȖ ǴțȞțȝȐȚȖª Ȑ ȗșȍȊȌ ©ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ǴȈȘȤȐȕª Ǫ
ȥȚȖȑ ȗțȉȓ ȉȍȏ ȘȈȏȉȐȊȒȐ ȕȈ șȚȘȖȜȣ șȚ  ȚȈȕȒȈ ©ǹȍȘȌȞȍ Ȑ ȚȘȖșȚȕȐȒª ©ǪȖȚ ȒȘȐ-
ȊȖȑª
ǴȈȞțȝȐȚȖ — ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖ ǴțȞțȝȐȚȖ (1867- ȗȘȐȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȖȍ ȐȔȧ -ȋȖ ȐȔ-
ȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ ȇȗȖȕȐȐ ǴȥȑȌȏȐ ȗȘȈȊȐȊȠȍȋȖ Ȋ - ȋȋ ǷȖȌ ȍȋȖ ȊȓȈșȚȤȦ ȇȗȖ-
ȕȐȧ ȊșȚțȗȐȓȈ Ȋ ȥȗȖȝț șȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȔȖȌȍȘȕȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕțȦ ȒȈȒ ©ȥȘȈ ǴȥȑȌȏȐª
ǰȏ ǶȟȐȈȐ
ǶȟȐȈȐ — ǶȚȐȈȑ ǵȈȖȉțȔȐ -1903), ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȣȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤ Ȑ ȗȖȥȚ
ȔȈșȚȍȘ ȚȈȕȒȈ
ǰȏ ǰȖșȈȕȖ
ǰȖșȈȕȖ — ǚșȈȕȖ ǺȥȒȒȈȕ ǽȐȘȖșȐ - ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȑ ȗȖȥȚ Ȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘ-

324
ȕȣȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤ ȘȍȜȖȘȔȈȚȖȘ ȚȈȕȒȈ ǩȣȓ ȎȍȕȈȚ ȕȈ ȊȐȌȕȍȑȠȍȑ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȑ ȗȖȥ-
Țȍșșȍ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȟȐȞȍ Ȑ ȜȍȔȐȕȐșȚȒȍ ǚșȈȕȖ ǨȒȐȒȖ ȕȈșȚ ȐȔȧ ǽȖ ǹȨȒȖ, 1878-1942),
ȟȤȐ șȚȐȝȐ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȐȓ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚ Ǫ  ȋ ǭșȈȕȖ ǨȒȐȒȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓȈ ȗȖȍȏȌ-
Ȓț ȟȍȘȍȏ ǸȖșșȐȦ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ-ǴȖșȒȊȈ Ȑ ȌȈȓȍȍ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȗ
ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȕȐȐ ȍȍ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȣȝ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȘȐȉȣȚȐȧ ȊȖ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ
șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȚ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ șȔ ǴȈȓȐȕȖȊșȒȐȑ  Ǫ  ȋ ǴȈȘȚ ȗȖ-
ȉȣȊȈȓ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȧȝ ț ǚșȈȕȖ ǨȒȐȒȖ Ȑ ǺȥȒȒȈȕȈ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȍȏȌȒȐ Ȋ ȇȗȖȕȐȦ ǴȈȘȚ
 Ȉ Ȋ  ȋ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕțȦ șȚȈȚȤȦ Ȗ ǚșȈȕȖ ǨȒȐȒȖ ǴȈȘȚ 
ǷȍȘȍȊȖȌ Ȑȏ ǺȥȒȒȈȕȈ Ȗȕ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȞȍȕȐȓ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȊȒȓȦȟȐȓ Ȑ Ȋ țȗȖȔȧ-
ȕțȚțȦ șȚȈȚȤȦ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȌȊȈ ȈȊȚȖȋȘȈȜȈ ǸǫǨǳǰ Ǽ  Ȗȗ  ȍȌ ȝȘ 
ȓ  Ȑ ȓ  ȗȍȘȊȣȑ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚ ȖȏȈȋȓȈȊȓȍȕ ©ǺȈȕȒȈ șȓȖȊȖȟȍȘȗȐȧ ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ ǴȈȘȚȈ
ș ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ǰȖșȈȕȖ ǽȐȘȖȠȐ ȕȈ ȉțȌțȡȐȑ ȋȖȌª
ǻ ȏȈȔȍȘȏȠȐȝ șȚȍȒȖȓ
ǪȈȘȐȈȕȚȏȈȋȓ ©ǻ ȏȈȔȍȘȏȠȐȝ ȖȒȖȕª ǸǫǨǳǰ Ǽ  Ȗȗ  ȍȌ ȝȘ  ȓ -Ȉ
ȅǳǾǻȉǷ ǲǼǺ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǴȈȘȚ Ǫ ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ȌȖȔ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ ǲ-ȊȖ ©ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȍȑª ȉ ȋ.
[1918].
ǰȏȊȍșȚȍȕ ȥȒȏ șȉȖȘȕȐȒȈ Ȑȏ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ Ǵ ǹ ǳȍșȔȈȕȈ ȕȣȕȍ Ȋ ǫȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȓȐ-
ȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖ-ȔȍȔȖȘȐȈȓȤȕȖȔ Ȕțȏȍȍ Ǩȕȕȣ ǨȝȔȈȚȖȊȖȑ Ȋ ǼȖȕȚȈȕȕȖȔ ǬȖȔȍ ǹǷȉ ș
ȌȈȘșȚȊ ȕȈȌȗȐșȤȦ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ ȕȈ ȈȊȈȕȚȐȚțȓȍ ©ǹ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ ǨȓȍȒ-
șȈȕȌȘț ǹȍȘȋȍȍȊȐȟț ǬțȉȐȕșȒȖȔț ǸȈȌȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ȊȣșȖȒȖȚȈȓȈȕȚȓȐȊȖȋȖ
ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ — ³ǹȚȘȈȕȈ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ´ ȌȈȘȐȚ ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ǴȈȘȚª ǵȈ ș  ȚȖȋȖ
Ȏȍ ȥȒȏ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȚȐȝ ©ǩȍȓȈȧ ȏȍȔȓȧª ©ǵȈ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ ȔȖȦ ȘțȒț ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ǴȈȘȚª CȔ
ǳȍșȔȈȕ  Ǫ  " ȋ ȊȖ ȊȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒșȒȖȔ ȚȍȈȚȘȍ ©ǷȘȖȋȘȍșșª ȈȕȖȕșȐȘȖ-
ȊȈȓșȧ ©ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȕȖȊȣȝ șȚȐȓȤȕȣȝ ȚȈȕȞȍȊ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ
Ȑ ȔțȏȣȒȐ — ȗȖ șȚȐȝȈȔ ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ ǴȈȘȚȈ “ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ȌȖȔ”» ȕȈ ȈȜȐȠȍ ȞȐȚȐȘȖȊȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȍ ȗȖ ȌȘ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȈȔ șȚȐȝ ©ǲȈȐȕ ȒȖȒȈȐȕȈª ©ǹ ȚȖȉȖȦ ȗȖ ȉȍȓȖȑ
ȏȍȔȓȍ  ȇ Ȋ șțȔȍȘȒȈȝ șȒȖȘȉȕȣȝ ȐȌț  ǻ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȊȖ Ȕȋȓȍ  ǹȊȖȑ ȗțȚȤ ȌȖ-
ȚȈȕȞțȦ Ȋ ȋȘȖȉțª ǲȈȚȍȘȐȕȐȟ 
ǨȌȘȍșȈȚ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȐȧ — ǯȖȧ șȚȈȘȠȈȧ ȌȖȟȤ ǵ Ƿ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȈ Ș  ǹ ȕȖȧȉȘȧ
 ȋ ȌȖȓȋȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȎȐȓȈ Ȑ ȓȍȟȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȇȗȖȕȐȐ ǽȐȧȔȈ Ȑ ǴȖȘȋțȕ  -
218). ǷȖșȓȍ ȗȍȘȍȍȏȌȈ Ȋ ǹǹǹǸ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȈ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȈȘȠȍȑ Ȋ ǯȊȍȕȐȋȖȘȖȌȍ ǷȖ
șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧȔ ȗȘȐȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȔ Ȋ ǽȐșȈȔțȚȌȐȕȖȊ  ȉȣȓȈ ȘȍȗȘȍșșȐȘȖȊȈȕȈ Ȑ
țȔȍȘȓȈ Ȋ  ȋ Ȋ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȐ
ǬȏȖȍ-șȈȕ — ǰșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȖȔ ©ȧȗȖȕȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȑª ȊȈȘȐȈȕȚ ȐȔȍȕȐ
ǯȖȧ ȜȖȕȍȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȉȓȐȏȖȒ Ȓ ȧȗȖȕșȒ joou ȌȏȨȖ ȌȏȨȖț — ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊȈ ǳȦȉȖȗȣȚ-
ȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ  ȋ ©ǬȏȖȍ-șȈȕª, ȖȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȈȧ ȒȈȒ ©ȇȗȖȕȐȐ ȖȊȍȟȒȈª Ȋ ȗȍȟ ȚȍȒșȚȍ —
©ȇȗȖȕȐȧ ȖȊȍȟȒȈª
 ȗȖȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ Ȋ ©ǲȖȕȞȍ ǲȐȒȈȗțª Ȗȗțȉȓ  Ǻ ǿțȘȐȓȐȕȈ

325
ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ȌȖȔ
ǲ ȞȐȒȓț ȊȗȓȖȚȕțȦ ȗȘȐȔȣȒȈȍȚ ȗȘȖȏȈȐȟ ȔȐȕȐȈȚȦȘȈ ©ǵȈ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍª ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖ-
ȊȈȕȕȈȧ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȖȔ Ȋ  ȋ Ȋ ȎțȘȕ ©ǳȍȓȤª ©ǷȖ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ, ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ —
ȘȈșȠȈȚȈȕȕȖȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȖȑ — ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȌȈȒ ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǬȖȔȈ ǹȔȍȠȕȖȑ Ȑ
șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȉȣȓ ȥȚȖȚ ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ǬȖȔ ȉȍȏ ȖȒȖȕ ȉȍȏ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ șȚȍȕȣ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣ ȏȍȓȍ-
ȕȣȔ Ȑ ȘȣȎȐȔ ȔȝȈȔȐ ȒȖȑ-ȋȌȍ ȘȖșȓȐ ȒȈȘȓȐȒȖȊȣȍ șȖșȍȕȒȐ ǷȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȔȍȌ-
ȓȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȓ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ³ǷȖ Ȕȝț ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖȓȏȈȦȚ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȔțȘȈȊȤȐ Ȉ ȗȖ-
ȌȖ ȔȝȖȔ ȉȓȍȌȕȖ-ȘȖȏȖȊȣȍ ȌȖȎȌȍȊȣȍ ȟȍȘȊȐ ȗȖȌȖ ȔȝȖȔ — Ȋ ȘȣȝȓȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ´»
șȔ Ț II ȕȈșȚȖȧȡ ȐȏȌ
ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ȝȘțșȚȈȓȤ
©ǿȍȘȕȣȔ ȝȘțșȚȈȓȍȔª Ǫ ǴȈȘȚ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓ șȊȖȦ Ȏȍȕț ǹ ǯ ǳȍșȖȝȐȕț  – ȗȖșȓȍ
1941 Ƕ ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȍ ș ȕȍȦ Ȋ ȓȈȏȈȘȍȚȍ ȋȌȍ ǳȍșȖȝȐȕȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȈ ȜȍȓȤȌȠȍȘȐȞȍȑ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȔ șȚȐȝ șȉ ©Ǫ ȔȖȍȑ ȗțșȚȣȕȍ ȔȈȒ ȏȈȞȊȍȓª
ǹȖșȕȈ
ǨȌȘȍșȈȚ ȗȖșȊ ǹȈȉțȘȖ ǹȐȔȈȕȖ -1982) — ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȟȐȒ ǹ
 ȓȍȚ ȎȐȓ Ȑ țȟȐȓșȧ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ șȗȍȘȊȈ ȊȖ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒȍ ȏȈȚȍȔ Ȋ - ȋȋ Ȋ
ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȊȖȓȤȕȖșȓțȠȈȚȍȓȧ Ȋ ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȖȔ ȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȔ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȍ ȀȈȕȧȊșȒȖȋȖ
Ȑ Ȋ - ȋȋ Ȋ ǷȍȚȘȖȋȘȈȌșȒȖȔ țȕ-Țȍ ǷȖȏȌȕȍȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ Ȋ ǩȦȘȖ ȗȖ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȦ ȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȒȐ ǪȖșȚȖȟȕȖȑ ǨȏȐȐ ȗȘȐ ȆȎȕȖ-ǴȈȕȤȟȎțȘșȒȖȑ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ
ȗȖșȓȍ ǪȚȖȘȖȑ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȗȘȍȗȖȌȈȊȈȓ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȧȏȣȒ ǷȍȘȍȊȍȓ ȕȈ ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȑ
ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ǹ ǩțȓȋȈȒȖȊȈ ǰ ǰȓȤȐȕȈ ǳ ǲȈȘșȈȊȐȕȈ ǵ ǺȘțȉȍȞȒȖȋȖ ǹ ǼȘȈȕȒȈ Ȑ ȌȘ
ǷȖȌȘȖȉȕȍȑ Ȗ ȕȍȔ șȔ ǽȖȘȐȥ 
ǾȁǿȊ — ǸǾǼǰȊ ǺǼȍ
ǨȘȝȐȊ ǵ ǵ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȈ-ǩȖȌȘȖȋȖ ǽǲǴ. Ǽ  Ȗȗ  Ȍ  ȓ - Ȓȗ
12776. ǸțȒȖȗȐșȕȣȑ șȉ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ șȖȉȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚȍȕȕȣȑ ©ȕȈ ȗȘȖȠȐȊª ȕȍ-
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȈȓȤȉȖȔ Ȑȏ ȘȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȝ ȓȐșȚȖȊ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ș ȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȈȌȗȐșȤȦ ©ǬȖ-
ȘȖȋȖȔț ǵȐȒȖȓȈȦ ǩȖȌȘȖȔț ȖȚ ȈȊȚȖȘȈª
ǶȚȔȍȚȐȔ ȟȚȖ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚ șȟȐȚȈȓ ©ǸțșȤ — ȒȘȖȊȤ ȔȖȧª ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȞȐȒȓȖȔ
ǷȖȌ ȏȈȋ. ©ǰȏ ȞȐȒȓȈ ³ǸțșȤ — ȒȘȖȊȤ ȔȖȧ´ª Ȗȕ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ȜȍȊȘȈȓȍ  ȋ ȗȘȖ-
ȝȖȌȕȖȍ șȚȐȝ Ȋ ȋȈȏ ©ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒª ȹ   ȜȍȊȘ Ȋ ȹ  ȎțȘȕ ©ǺȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȖª
 ȐȦȕȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȖ ȜțȚțȘȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ șȚȐȝ ǴȈȘȚȈ ©ǯȈȗȖȏȌȈȓȖȍª șȖ
șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȔ ȕȈȌȏȈȋ ©ǰȏ ȞȐȒȓȈ — ³ǸțșȤ — ȒȘȖȊȤ ȔȖȧ´ ǿȍȘȕȖȊȣȍ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȐ ȗȖȥ-
Ȕȣ ³ǫȖȓȖș ȚȖȗȖȘȈ”».

326
ǸȖȌȕȈȧ ȔȈȚȤ
ǹȖȓȤȊȍȑȋ ǹȖș — ǹȖȓȤȊȍȑȋ — ȋȍȘȖȐȕȧ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȕȖȑ ȌȘȈȔȣ ǫ ǰȉșȍȕȈ -
 ©ǷȍȘ ǫȦȕȚª  ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈȧ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȖȑ Ȓ ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȍ ȌȘȈ-
Ȕȣ șȦȐȚȍ ȅ ǫȘȐȋȈ (1843-1903). Ǫ ȞȍȓȖȔ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ©ǹȖȓȤȊȍȑȋ ǹȖșª ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȟȈȦȡȍȍșȧ ț ǴȈȘȚȈ Ȋ șȖȟȍȚȈȕȐȐ ș șȈȔȣȔȐ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȔȐ ȚȖȗȖȕȐȔȈȔȐ ©ǬȖȔ ȕȈ
ǨȉȘȍȒșȒȖȑ!ª ©ț ǹȍȘȈȜȐȔȣ — ǿȍȘȕȖȋȖ ǽȘțșȚȈȓȧª ©ȒȖȔȕ ǲȤȧȕȈª Ȑ Ț ȗ Ȗȟȍ-
ȊȐȌȕȖ șȓțȎȐȚ ȓȐȟȕȣȔ ȠȐȜȘȖȔ ȗȖȥȚȈ Ȍȓȧ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȒȈȐȕȈ ș ǹȖȓȤȊȍȑȋ
ȈșșȖȞȐȐȘțȦȚșȧ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȈȚȘȐȉțȚȣ ȒȈȒ ȉȍȓȐȏȕȈ ©șȕȍȎȕȖșȚȤª ©ǹȖșª Ȏȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ
ȟȐȚȈȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȖȍ ȓȈȚȐȕȐȞȍȑ Ț ȍ șȖȒȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ ȖȚ ©ǹocaine». ǹȖȒȘȈȡȍ-
ȕȐȍ ©ȥȜª ȧȊȕȖ ȗȖȌȘȈȏțȔȍȊȈȍȚ ȥȜȐȘ ǬȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȟȈșȚȖȍ Ȋ șȉ ©ǼȈȐȕª  ȖȉȖ-
ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ©ǩȍȓȈȧ ȏȍȔȓȧª ȐȓȐ ©ǩ ǯª ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚșȧ Ȓ ȔȖȘȜȐȦ
ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȔȐȋ
ǷȖȏȌȕȍȍ ș ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȜȐȕȈȓȤȕȖȍ șȚȐȝ șȉ ©ǸȖșșȐȧ ȉȍȏ “Ȃ”:
ǹȐȕȐȑ ǩȓȈȋȖ-ǪȍșȚȤª ǽȈȘȉȐȕ 
ȂǮǶǻ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǴȈȘȚ Ǫ ȅȓȤȜ ǫ ǼȈȐȕ >ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ ǲ-ȊȖ ©ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȍȑª
1919]. ǵȈ Ȗȉȓ ©ǹțȔȍȘȒȐ ǿȍȚȊȍȘȋȈ ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ ǫȘȈȌ ǺȘȍȗȈȕȋȖȊ ǴȈȘȚ  ȋȖȌª
ǫȈȊȘȐȐȓ ȅȓȤȜ — ȗșȍȊȌ ȔȓȈȌȠȍȋȖ ȉȘȈȚȈ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ ǫȈȊȘȐȐȓȈ 1898/9-1922?) ȗȖȥ-
ȚȈ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȟȐȒȈ ȊșȒȖȘȍ șȔȍȕȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȗșȍȊȌȖȕȐȔ ȕȈ ©ǼȈȐȕª ǹȓȖȊȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖ ȗȘȐȟȈșȚȕȣȔ Ȓ ©ȕȈȘȒȖȏȈȔª ȜȈȐȕ — șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȚȊȖȘȟȍș-
ȒȖȋȖ ȥȒșȚȈȏȈ ȕȈ șȓȍȕȋȍ ȥȗȖȝȐ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȈȉșȚȐȕȍȕȚȕȣȑ șȐȕȌȘȖȔ ț ȖȗȐȖȔȈȕȖȊ ǲȈȒ
ȗȖȧșȕȧȍȚ ȏȈȊșȍȋȌȈȚȈȑ ȖȗȐțȔȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȚȖȕȖȊ ǲȐȚȈȧ ȉȍȓȓȍȚȘȐșȚ ǩ Ǵ ȆȓȤșȒȐȑ
(1912-" ©ȜȈ-Ȑȕ — ȚȖȟȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌ ȠȚȘȈȜ ȏȈ ȒțȘȍȕȐȍ — ȘȍȈȒȞȐȧ ȊȣȘȈ-
ȎȈȦȡȈȧșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȕȖșȚȐ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȗȖȘȞȐȐ ȖȗȐȧª ȆȓȤșȒȐȑ 
ǫ ǵ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȓ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȍ ȔȖȘȍȝȖȌȕȖȍ țȟȐȓȐȡȍ ȗȓȈȊȈȓ ȠȚțȘ-
ȔȈȕȖȔ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȧȝ ǬȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȜȓȖȚȈ ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȓțȎȐȓ Ȋ ȈȘȚȐȓȓȍ-
ȘȐȑșȒȖȔ ȌȐȊȐȏȐȖȕȍ ǩȍȓȖȑ ȈȘȔȐȐ ȕȈ Ȗ ǸțșșȒȐȑ ǹȚȐȝȐ ȗȐșȈȓ ș ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ ȒȈȒ Ȑ
ȗȘȖȟȐȍ ȉȘȈȚȤȧ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȣ ȏȈȗȖȓȕȧȊȠȐȍ șȊȖȐȔȐ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȐȑ ȎțȘȕ.
©ǴȣșȓȤª Ǫ -1920-ȝ ȋȋ ȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȋȈȏ ©ȅȝȖª ȎțȘȕ ©ǳȍȓȤª Ȑ ©ǺȊȖȘ-
ȟȍșȚȊȖª Ȋ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȜȍȊȘȈȓȧ  ȋ ȗȖȌȗȐșȈȓ ©ǴȈȕȐȜȍșȚ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȝ ȜțȚț-
ȘȐșȚȖȊª țȟȈșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ȓȐȚ ȊȍȟȍȘȈȝ ȊȖ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒȍ Ȑ ǿȐȚȍ ȧȕȊȈȘȤ .
ǵ Ǽ ǵȈșȐȔȖȊȐȟ-ǿțȎȈȒ ȗȖșȊȧȚȐȓ ȅȓȤȜț-ǼȈȐȕț ȖȌȕț Ȑȏ șȚȈȚȍȑ ȞȐȒȓȈ ©ǬȈȓȤ-
ȕȍȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȍ ȗȖȥȚȣª ǵȍȌȍȓȧ  ȹ  ȖȚȔȍȚȐȊ ©ȗȖȓȕȖȍ ȉȍșșȐȓȐȍ șȖ-
ȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȧª ©șȓȈȉȖșȐȓȤȕȖșȚȤ «! ȜȖȘȔȣª ©ȚȐȗȐȟȕȖ ȋȈȏȍȚȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈª Ȑ ©ȗȖȥ-
ȚȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȕȍȌȖȕȖȠȍȕȕȖșȚȤª ǼȈȐȕȈ ©ǹȓȈȉȣȑ ȕȍȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȦȕȖȠȈ
— ȗȐșȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȕȈȌșȈȌȕȖ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȍȌ ǬțȝȖȔ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȈȓȒȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚțȠȒȍ
— ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȥȚȈȎ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȖ ȔȐȕțȧ ȗȖȔȖȑȕțȦ ȧȔț — țȋȘȖȎȈȧ ȕȍȉț ȌȍȚșȒȐȔȐ Ȓț-

327
ȓȈȟȒȈȔȐª Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȓȖ ǵ ǨșȍȍȊț ȗȖșȊȧȚȐȚȤ ǼȈȐȕț șȊȖȦ ©ȔȐȘȖȊțȦ
ȗȖȥȔțª ©ǭȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȎȐȚȍȓȤ ȋȖȘȖȌȈª ǩȐȘȦȟ  ȹ  ȔȈȘȚ ǹ  — ȖȌ-
ȕȈȒȖ ȗȍȘȍȗȍȟȈȚȣȊȈȧ ȗȖȥȔț Ȋ șȉ ©ǩȖȔȉȈª  ǨșȍȍȊ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȐȍ șȕȧȓ ȊȐ-
ȌȐȔȖ ȊșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ ȒȖȕȜȓȐȒȚȈ ș Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȖȔ Ȑ ȖȚȝȖȌȈ ǼȈȐȕȈ ȖȚ ȜțȚțȘȐȏȔȈ
ǺȖȟȕȣȍ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȅȓȤȜȈ-ǼȈȐȕȈ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣ Ǩ ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊ ȕȈȘȧȌț ș
©ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȌȈȘȖȊȐȚȣȔª Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȖȔ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ ©ȍȋȖ ȉȘȈȚȈ ǼȈȐȕȈ ȜȈȐȕ ȒȐ-
ȚȈȑșȒȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȈȦȡȍȍ ȖșȖȉȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȒțȘȍȕȐȧ ȖȗȐțȔȈ ȒȖ-
ȕȍȟȕȖ Ȏȍ ȕȈȘȒȖȔȈȕȈ Ȑ ȊȌȖȉȈȊȖȒ ȍȡȍ Ȑ ȒȓȍȗȚȖȔȈȕȈ țȍȝȈȊȠȍȋȖ Ȋ ǹǹǹǸ Ȑ ȚȈȔ
ȗȖ șȓțȝȈȔ ȘȈșșȚȘȍȓȧȕȕȖȋȖ ȏȈ țȟȈșȚȐȍ Ȋ ȋȘȈȉȍȎȍª ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊ   ǹȖȋ-
ȓȈșȕȖ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧȔ ȟȓȍȕȖȊ șȍȔȤȐ Ȋ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ǫ ǵ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊ țȔȍȘ Ȋ
ȚȦȘȍȔȕȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞȍ ǵ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊ-ǩȖȌȘȣȑ țȚȖȟȕȧȍȚ Ȋ ȌȕȍȊȕȐȒȍ ©ǻȔȍȘ ǫȈȕȧ ȕȈ
ȚȦȘȍȔȕȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȟȕȖȑ ȒȖȑȒȍ — Ȋ ǰȘȒțȚșȒȖȔ ȞȍȕȚȘȈȓȍ ȒțȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȓȍȚ
ȉțȌțȟȐ ȖșțȎȌȍȕ ȕȈ  ȓȍȚ ȏȈ ȒȘȈȎț ȉȖȈ Ȑ ȌȘȖȉȐ ǹȋțȉȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȘȒȖȔȈȕȐȧ ȖȗȐțȔ,
ȋȈȠȐȠ ǺȖȓȒȕțȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȗțȚȤ Ȑ ȉȘȈȚ ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ǴȈȘȚª ǨȘȝȐȊ ǵ ǵ ǴȈȚ-
ȊȍȍȊȈ-ǩȖȌȘȖȋȖ Ȋ ǽǲǴ ȐȔ ǵ ǰ ǫȘȖȌȍȒȖȊȈ Ǽ  Ƕȗ  ǬȌ -1700 ȌȕȍȊȕȐȒȐ Ȑ
ȏȈȗȐșȕȣȍ ȒȕȐȎȒȐ ǬȌ  ș  ȋ
 —   ȋ) ȞȐȚ ȗȖ ǲȐȘȐȓȓȖȊȈ
2017:241 ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȚȐȝ ǼȈȐȕȈ ȗȘȐȊȍȌȍȕȣ ȕȈȔȐ Ȋ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ
 ȔȈȘȚȈ  ȋ Ȋ ǳǽǶ șȖșȚȖȧȓșȧ ©ǪȍȟȍȘ ȒȘȐȚȐȒȐª ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȖȉșțȎȌȍ-
ȕȐȦ șȉ ©ǼȈȐȕª ǫȈȏȍȚȕȣȑ ȖȚȟȍȚ ȋȓȈșȐȓ
«ǲȓțȉ ǳȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖ-ǽțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǶȉȡȍșȚȊȈ Ȓ  ȟȈșȈȔ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȖȓȖȕ Ǫșȍ
ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣ ȌȘțȋ Ȍțȋț ǶȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȓșȧ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȣȑ ȒȖȕȚȐȕȋȍȕȚ
ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȍȑ ǷȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚȣ Ȑ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȐ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȦȚ
șȚțȌȍȕȟȍșȒȐȍ ȒțȘȚȒȐ ǨȚȔȖșȜȍȘȈ ȌȣȠȐȚ ȚȍȔ ȌȘțȎȍșȒȐȔ ȚȍȗȓȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ
ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȍȚșȧ ȓȐȠȤ Ȋ șȘȍȌȍ ȘțșșȒȐȝ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȝ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȖȊ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤȕȖ ȕȍ
Ȗȉȍșȗȍȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȖ ȘȖȌȕȧȡȐȝșȧ ȌțȝȖȔ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȔȐ ȏȈȔȣșȓȈȔȐ Ȑ ȔȖȡȕȣȔȐ ȔȈ-
ȏȒȈȔȐ
ǷȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ Ȑ șȖȖȉȡȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧȠȕȧȧ
ȗȧȚȕȐȞȈ ȗȖșȊȧȡȈȍȚșȧ ȒȘȐȚȐȒȍ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȗȖȥȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ “ǼȈȐȕ”, ȌȊțȝ
ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ ȗȖȥȚȖȊ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ Ȑ ȅȓȤȜȈ !
ǷȖȥȚȣ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚ Ȑ ȅȓȤȜ ȟȐȚȈȦȚ Ȑȏ ȒȕȐȎȒȐ “ǼȈȐȕ” ȐȏȉȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ
ǵțȎȕȖ șȖȏȕȈȚȤșȧ ȟȐȚȈȦȚ ȕȍ ȊȣȐȋȘȣȠȕȖ
ǪȣșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ȒȘȐȚȐȒȖȊ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ Ȋȧȓȣȍ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȖȎȐȊȐȓȐșȤ ǩȣȓȖ ȚȘȐ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ-
ȕȣȝ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȒȘȐȚȐȒȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȕȣ ȒȘȈȚȒȖ ȖȚȔȍȚȐȔ ǷȍȘȊȖȍ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȍȐ-
ȔțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȖȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȕȖȑ ȖȞȍȕȒȐ ȌȈȓ ǹ ǺȘȍȚȤȧȒȖȊ ǶșȚȈȕȖȊȧșȤ ȕȈ ȖșȕȖȊȕȣȝ
ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȈȝ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ ȜȈȉțȓȍ Ȑ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȖȑ ș ȕȍȑ ȐȌȍȍ ȘȐȚȔȍ ȏȊțȒȍ Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȏȕȖ-
șȚȐ Ȗȕ ȖȚȔȍȚȐȓ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȘȍȖȉȓȈȌȈȕȐȍ ȐȌȍȑȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ
ǭșȚȤ Ȋ șȚȐȝȈȝ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȗȧȚȣȑ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȒȘȖȍȚșȧ ȏȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȍȔ Ƕȕ
ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȖșȗȘȐȕȧȚ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȍȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕțȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȗȍȘȍȘȖȌȐȚȤ ȕȈ-
Ƞț ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȦ
ǯȈȒȖȕ ȕȈȘȒȖȏȈ ȘȈȏȉȐȊȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȒȖȕȞȍȕȚȘȈȞȐȦ ȔȣșȓȐ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȚ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȊșȦ ȒȕȐ-
ȋț
ǲȈșȈȧșȤ șțȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȕȖȑ ȖȞȍȕȒȐ ǹ ǺȘȍȚȤȧȒȖȊ ȖȚȔȍȟȈȍȚ ȓȐȠȤ ȌȊȈ ȧȘȒȐȝ ȖȉȘȈȏȈ
ȖȞȍȕȐȊȈȍȚ ȕȍȊȣșȖȒȖ ȘȐȚȔ ȌȍȓȈȧ ȕȍȓȍșȚȕȖȍ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȍ ș ȋȈȏȍȚȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȏȖȑ
ǹȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȕȖȍ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ — ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȒȓȖȕȍȕȐȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ Țȍȟȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ Ȋ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ ȏȕȈȔȍȕțȍȔȣȔ șȚȐȝȈȔȐ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ — ȖȉȘȐșȖȊȈȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ǺȘȖȐȞ-
ȒȐȔ
Ƕȕ ȖȚȊȍȘȋȈȍȚ ȖȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȕȣȍ ȖȞȍȕȒȐ Ȋ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ Ȑ șȟȐȚȈȍȚ ǴȈȘȚȈ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȔ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ
Ȗȕ țȠȍȓ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ Ȋșȍ

328
“ǴȈȘȚ ȕȍ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȕȈ șȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȘȧȌȖȔ Ȉ țȋȓțȉȓȧȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȉȍȏȌȕȣ șȊȖȍȑ ȌțȠȐ
Ǫ ȍȋȖ șȚȐȝȈȝ ȕȍȚ ȔȣșȓȐ ȐȓȐ ȚȍȔȣ Ȗȕ ȊȍșȤ Ȋ șȓȖȊȈȝ ǶȕȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȔȕȖȋȖȍ ȅȚȖ
ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȓȧ ȐȏȉȘȈȕȕȣȝ”.
Ǩ ǩȖȋȌȈȕȖȊ șȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤȦ ȒȓȈșșȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȠȒȖȓȣ Ȋ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ ȖȉȘțȠȐȊȈȍȚșȧ
ȕȈ “ǼȈȐȕȈ” Ȑ ȌȈȍȚ ȚȘȍȚȤȍ ȒȘȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ
ǷȖȌȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȧ ȖȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȕțȦ ȖȞȍȕȒț Ȋ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȚ șȓȖȊȈ ǺȖȓșȚȖȋȖ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȟȚȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȐȊȖȍ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȚȈȓȈȕȚȈ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ
ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȟȐ ȈȊȚȖȘȖȔ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȕȐȑ șȓțȠȈȚȍȓȦ ȐȓȐ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȦ.
“ǼȈȐȕ” ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȗȖșȓȍ șȍȉȧ șȓȍȌȈ ǨȊȚȖȘ țȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȖȉȓȈșȚȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȖȉȓȈșȚȤ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȈ
ȅȚȐ ȚȘȐ ȔȕȍȕȐȧ ȓȍȋȓȐ Ȋ ȖșȕȖȊț ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȗȘȍȕȐȑ ǪȣșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣ ǷțȉȓȐȒȈ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȣȎȐȌȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȐ-
ȚȈȧ șȓțȠȈȚȤ ǵȖ șȓțȠȈȓȐ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ǪȚȖȘȐȟȕȖ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȧ ǺȘȍȚȤȧȒȖȊ ȖȚȔȍȚȐȓ țȌȈȟȓȐȊȣȍ ȏȊțȟȕȣȍ “șȓȖȊȈ” ǴȈȘȚȈ
ȌȖȉȘȖșȖȊȍșȚȕȖ ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȊȣȉȖȘȒȈȔȐ șȊȖȦ ȗȖȝȊȈȓț
ǷȖȥȚț ǴȈȘȚț ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȖ șȈȔȖȔț ȊȣșȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ — ȟȚȖ ȖșȕȖȊȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȍȋȖ
șȚȐȝȈȝ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȈ ȋȖȘȌȍȓȐȊȈȧ ȘȍȗȓȐȒȈ
— ǴȖȐ șȚȐȝȐ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȝȖȟȍȚ
ǷȘȐȟȍȔ ȕȈ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ “ǲȈȔȍȕȤ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ Ȑ ȌȖȝȓȈȧ ȒȖȠȒȈ” ȈȊȚȖȘ țȒȈȏȈȓ
ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȦȡȍȍ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȍȋȖ ȌțȠȍȊȕȣȑ țȒȓȈȌ
Ǫ ȘȍȏȦȔȍ ȗȘȐ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȐȐ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȖȚȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȗȘȍȕȐȧȝ ȔȖȓȖ-
Ȍȣȍ ȗȖȥȚȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȚȖȌȊȐȕțȚȣ ȕȈ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȓȈȕ șȗȖȘȈȔȐ “Ȗ șȚȈȘȖȔ Ȑ
ȕȖȊȖȔ”» >ǩ ȗ@ ǪȍȟȍȘ ȒȘȐȚȐȒȐ  ȅȝȖ   ȹ   ȔȈȘȚȈ ǹ ; ȞȐȚ ȗȖ
ǲȘțșȈȕȖȊ ).
Ǫ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȕȖȔȍȘȍ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȘȍȞȍȕȏȐȍȑ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓ ǩ ȀțȑșȒȐȑ ǩ Ƿ
ǳȖȗȈȚȐȕ
©ǬȈȊ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ șȉȖȘȕȐȒț șȊȖȐȝ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȑ ©ǼȈȐȕª ȟȚȖ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȍȚ ȗȖ-ȒȐ-
ȚȈȑșȒȐ ³ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȖ´ ȥȒșȚȈȏ ȐȓȐ ȚȘȈȕș ȗȖȥȚ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȗȖȌșȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȒȘȐȚȐȒț
ȐșȝȖȌȕȣȑ ȗțȕȒȚ Ȍȓȧ ȘȈșșțȎȌȍȕȐȑ Ȗȉ ȍȋȖ șȚȐȝȈȝ
ǲȈȒ ȐșȚȣȑ ȐȕȌȐȊȐȌțȈȓȐșȚ ǴȈȘȚ ȕȍ ȐȌȍȚ Ȓ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȦ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȖȊȍȚ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȧ Ȓ
șȍȉȍ Ƕȕ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȈȍȚ ȓȐȠȤ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȤșȧ ȚȍȔ ȒȚȖ “Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȉțȒȊȈȝ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ
ȎȈȎȌȍȚ” ǵȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ǴȈȘȚ ȋȖȚȖȊ țȗȘȍȒȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖȑ Ȗș-
ȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȐ “Ȋȣ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȗȘȖȋțȓȧȓȐșȤ ȊȣșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧ ȕȍșȚȘȖȕțȚțȦ ȉȖȓȤ ǰ
Ȋȣ ȐȏȧȡȕȖ ȚȈȔ ȘȈșȗȈȝȐȊȈȓȐ ȉȖȓȤ ȗȖșȓțȠȕȖȑ ȚȘȖșȚȤȦ”.
ǷȖȌȖȑȚȐ Ȓ ǴȈȘȚț Ȑ ȕȍ ȚȘȖȕțȚȤ “ȉȖȓȤ” ȍȋȖ — ȕȍȓȤȏȧ Ƕȕ ȗȐȠȍȚ ȉȖȓȤȦ ȕȖ ȚȖ-
ȓȤȒȖ ȉȖȓȤȦ ȕȍ șȍȘȌȞȈ Ȉ ȔȖȏȋȈ ǺȘȖșȚȖȟȒȈ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡȐȑ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚ
Ȍȓȧ ȈȕȈȓȐȏȈ ȕȖ ȕȍȚ ȕțȎȌȣ ³ȘȈșȗȈȝȐȊȈȚȤ´ ȥȚț ȉȖȓȤ ǶȕȈ șȖȟȐȚșȧ Ȑȏ ȒȈȎȌȖȑ
ȗȈȘȣ șȚȘȖȟȍȒ șȈȔȈ ȕȍ țȚȘțȎȌȈȧ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȧ-ȒȘȐȚȐȒȈ ȗȘȐȉȍȋȈȚȤ Ȓ ȝȐȘțȘȋȐȟȍș-
ȒȐȔ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȈȔ
ǴȣșȓȐ-ȉȖȓȐ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȈȦȚ ǴȈȘȚȈ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȊȠȍȔț ȗȖȥȚȈ ȖȚȒȐȕțȊȠȍȔț ȒȕȐȋț
Ȗȕ ȋȖȘȌȍȓȐȊȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ
“șȈȔ ȖȚȒȐȕȤșȧ ȗȘȖȟȤ — Ȓ ȌȖșȚțȗȕȖȔț
— Ȓ șȍȉȍ”
Ǵȣ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȐȕțȓȐ ȒȕȐȋț Ȉ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȖȟȓȐ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ
Ǵȣ șȓȍȌȐȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȔȣșȓȤ ǴȈȘȚȈ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ ³ș ȉȍȏȌȕ ȔȖȏȋȈ ȌȖ ȏȊțȒȖȊ șȓȖȊ Țț-
ȔȈȕȕȣȝ”.
Ǵȣ șȓȍȌȐȓȐ ȏȈ ȚȍȔ ³ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȣȔ´ ³ȊșȍȔ´¶ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȔȍȒȈȦȚ ȍȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ ȏȈ

329
ȚȖȑ “ȚȘȍȊȖȋȖȑ ȔȖȏȋȈ” ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȚȊȖȘȐȚȤ “ȉȍȏ șȒȖȉȖȒ șțȍȚȣ”.
ǵȖ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȖșȧȏȈȍȔȖȋȖ ȔțȟȍȕȐȟȍșȚȊȈ “țȧȏȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȊȖȘȐȚȤ”,
Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȗȘȖșȓȍȌȐȚȤ ǴȈȘȚȈ.
ǭȋȖ ȕȍȚ ȕȍȚ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȕȐȋȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȕȖȑ “ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȖȔ” ǿțȊșȚȊțȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒ ǴȈȘȚ Ȋȣ-
ȘȈșȚȈȍȚ ȗȖȌ ȉȐȟȖȔ ȔȧȚțȡȍȋȖșȧ Ȓ ȗȖȏȕȈȕȐȦ ȔȖȏȋȈ Ȑ ȊȣȘȈșȚȈȧ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚ șȍȉȧ
Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔ ǰ șȖȊșȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȘȖȉȒȐȑ ȕȍ ȚțȌȈ ȗȖȗȈȊȠȐȑ șȚȖ-
ȕȍȚ ȗȖȥȚ
“ȇ ȚȈȒ ȖȌȐȕ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ”
“ǷȖȎȈȓȍȑ Ȕȕȍ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ” ǹȓȍȏȣ
ǹȚȖȕȍȚ
“Ǩȝ ǹȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȔȕȖȋȖ șȓȖȊ ȚȖȓȗȧȚșȧ Ȑ ȏȊȍȕȧȚ
Ǩ ȧ ȖȌȐȕ” ǹȖȊșȍȔ ȖȌȐȕ
ǺȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ǴȈȘȚ ȐșȒȘȍȕȍȕ ȕȍ ȓȎȍȚ ȟȍȘȕȐȓȤȕȐȞȍ “ȒȈȒ ȧ ȍȑ ȓȋȈȚȤ ȔȖȋț”)
ǵȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǴȈȘȚ șȚȖȕțȡȐȑ ǴȈȘȚ ȟȤȧ ȔȣșȓȤ-ȕȍȕȈșȚȕȐȞȈ “ȒȈȒ ȔțȝȈ Ȋ ȗȈț-
ȚȐȕȍ șȖȕȓȐȊȖ țȚȖȔȐȓȈșȤ” ȧșȕȖ ȊȐȌȐȚ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ ȊȐȌȐȚ șțȍȚț ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ-ǴȈȘȚ
Ȑ ȖȚȔȈȝȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȊșȍȔ șȊȖȐȔ ȚȈȓȈȕȚȖȔ ȖȚȋȖȘȈȎȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȖȚ ³ǺȐȚȈȕȈ-ȖȒȍȈȕȈ-
ȚȐȚȈȕȈ șțȍȚȣ”.
ǹțȍȚȈ — ȥȚȖ ǲȤȧȕ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ cȈȔ ȗȖȥȚ Ȋ ǲȤȧȕȍ ȕȖ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȦ ȘȍȏȒȖ
ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȖȉȘȈȏ ǲȤȧȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗțȌȘȐȚșȧ țȒȘȈȌȒȖȑ ȖȗȘȧȚȕȖ ȗȘȖȟȐ-
ȚȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȓȖȋȐȒț ț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȟȖȒ ȔȈȕȎȍȚȣ — Ȋșȍ ȒȘȈȝȔȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȔȈȘȚȖȊ-
șȒȐȑ ǲȤȧȕ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȊȖȗȓȖȡȍȕȐȍȔ șțȍȚȣ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȈȦȡȍȑ ȗȖȥȚȈ ȚȖȟȈȡȍȑ Ȑȏ
ȕȍȋȖ ȧȌ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ șȐȓȤȕȣȝ șȓȖȊ ǰ ȚȖ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȟȚȖ ǲȤȧȕ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȍ ȕȖșȐȚ
ȋȘȈȕ ȒȖȒȈȐȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȘȖȦ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȊȕȖȊȍșȐȍ ȌțȠȍȊȕȖȍ ȕȈȘțȠȈȍȚșȧ ǵȈ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐ-
Ȓȍ ȟȚȖ ǲȤȧȕ-ȐȕșȚȘțȒȚȖȘ ȋȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ǴȈȘȚȈ ȕȍ ȐȏȔȍȕȧȍȚ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ
ǭșȓȐ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȥȚȖ Ȍȓȧ ǴȈȘȚȈ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȔ" ǲȤȧȕȖȊȖȍ ȊȖȗȓȖȡȍȕȐȍ
Ȋ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȍ ȐȌȍȧ șțȍȚȕȖȋȖ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȍșȚȊȈ ș ȔȈȓȣȔ ȗȖȏȣȊȖȔ Ȓ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȐȦ
Ȓ șȈȔȖȉȐȟȍȊȈȕȐȦ
ǵȖ Ȑȏ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȏȣȊȈ ȊȣȘȖș Ȟȍȓȣȑ ǴȈȘȚ Ȑ ȌȈȓ ȒȘȈșȖȟȕȖȍ țȔȕȖȍ șȚȐ-
ȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ “ǪȔȍșȚȖ ȏȊȍȏȌ” ȋȌȍ ș ȘȣȌȈȕȐȧȔȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗ ȟțȌȍ
“ǯȈȘȧ ȏȈȊȍȘȠȐȓȈșȤ…
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ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȏȊȍȏȌ
ǰȏ ȕȍȉȍș ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȏȊȍȏȌ
ǯȈȠȈȋȈȓȐ Ȓ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ
ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȈȔȐ ǲȤȧȕȣ —
ǰ ȏȧȉȒȐ Ȑ ȌȘȍȔȕȣ
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ǲȈȒ ȘȖȑ ȔțȘȈȊȤȍȊ
șțȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȕȈȌȔȍȕȕȣȝ
ǰ ǲȤȧȕȖȊ — Ȑȝ ȉȍȏȌȕȈ — ”
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ǷȖȥȚ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȒȘȈșȖȒ Ȑ șȐȓȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȐȝ șȚȘȖȒȈȝ ȌȈȚȤ ȧȘ-
ȟȈȑȠȐȑ ȖȉȘȈȏ ǲȤȧȕȖȊ Ȑ Ȑȝ “ȉȍȏțȔȤȧ ȗȖ ȒȈȗȓȧȔ´
ǺȈȒ șȚȘȈȌȈȍȚ ȖȚ ǲȤȧȕȈ ȗȖȥȚ ȚȈȒ șȐȓȤȕȣ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ ȥȚȐ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȖȚȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ

330
țȎȍ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȒȖȔț ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ
“Ǫȣ ȘȈșȗȐȕȈȚȤ ǽȘȐșȚȈ
ǶȚȉȘȖȠȍȕȣ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ
Ǫ ȘȈșȗȧȚȤȐ ȊȈȠȈ șțȍȚȈ”...
ǲȕȐȋȖȑ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȑ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȉȣ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ ȒȕȐȋț șȖȌȍȘȎȈȡțȦ ǲȤȧȕȈ ȒȕȐȋȖȑ
șȚȖȕȖȊ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȋȖ ǴȈȘȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȊȐȋȈȦȚ ȕȈ ȚȈȓȈȕȚȓȐȊȖȍ ǲȤȧȕȣ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȑ șȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ șȖȓȖȔȐȕȒț “ȟȚȖȉȣ ș ȉȍȏȌȕȣ ȠȊȣȘȧȚȤ ȗțȏȣȘȐ”.
ǲȤȧȕȣ ȖȚȘȈȏȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȗțȏȣȘȧȝ ȕȖ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȗțȏȣȘȐ țȎȍ ȓȖȗȈȦȚșȧ
ǴȈȘȚ șȎȐȔȈȍȚșȧ ǭȔț ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ǴȈȘȚ ȗȓȈȟȍȚ
“ǵȖ Ȑȏ șȓȍȏ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȚ ȊȖȏȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȖȊȍȑ”». (ȀțȑșȒȐȑ ǩ [ǳȖȗȈȚȐȕ ǩ Ƿ].
ǴȈȘȚ Ȑ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȖ // ȅȝȖ  ȹ   ȔȈȘȚȈ ǹ 
ǯȖȒȖȕȕȣȔ șȓȐȏȕȧȔ
ǯȖȒȖȕȕȣȔ — ȚȈȒ Ȋ ȚȍȒșȚȍ ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȖȗȍȟȈȚȒȈ Ț Ȓ ȕȐȎȍ — ©Ȕȋȓȍ ȏȈȖȒȖȕȕȖȑª
ǹȖȕ
ȀțȘȖȟȒȍ ǳȍȊȐȚȈȕț — ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȈȌȘȍșȈȚ — Ǩ ǳȍȊȐȚȈȕ ȗȘȖȔȍȓȤȒȕțȊȠȐȑ Ȋ
ȹ  ȝȈȘȉȐȕșȒȖȋȖ ©ǶȒȕȈª  șȖ șȚȈȚȤȍȑ ©ǴțȏȣȒȈ Ȋ șȍȉȍª ȖȌȕȈȒȖ țȚȊȍȘȎ-
ȌȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ ș ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȓȐȉȖ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȔ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȑ
ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȘȈȕȍȕȖȍ — ȘȈȕȍȕȖ
ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘț Ǭ — ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ Ǭ ȗșȍȊȌ ȕȍ ȘȈșȠȐȜȘȖȊȈȕ — ȗȖȥȚ ȗȍȟȈȚȈȓșȧ Ȋ
 ȋ Ȋ ȎțȘȕ «ǳȍȓȤ» ǭȔț ȚȈȒȎȍ ȗȖșȊ șȚȐȝ ǼȈȐȕȈ ©ǰȏ ȈȓȤȉȖȔȈ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌ-
ȘȈ Ǭª șȔ Ȋ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ
ǲȖȠȔȈȘȣ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ  ȹ   ȜȍȊȘ ǹ  ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ șȚ ©ǷȘȐȊȍȚȐȚ
ȗȤȧȕȖȋȖ țȘȖȌȈ  ǰ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȒȓȐȟȍȚ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖª
ǼȍȌȖȘț ǲȈȔȣȠȕȐȒț
ǲȈȔȣȠȕȐȒț — ȚȈȒ Ȋ ȚȍȒșȚȍ ǨȌȘȍșȈȚ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȐȧ Ǽ ǳ ǲȈȔȣȠȕȦȒ  " —
ȕȍ ȘȈȕȍȍ  — ȗȖȥȚ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȟȐȒ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ ǹ ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ ȎȐȓ ș ȘȖȌȐ-

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ȚȍȓȧȔȐ Ȋ ǽȈȘȉȐȕȍ ǻȟȈșȚȕȐȒ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒȈ Ȑ ǽȈȘȉȐȕȈ -
1920-ȝ ȋȋ, ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ș Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȖȔ Ȑ ǫ ȅȓȤȜȖȔ Ȑ ȎȐȓ ț ȕȐȝ ȗȘȐȍȏȎȈȧ
ȊȖ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ ǬȍȓȖ  ȓ  Ȗȉ ǷțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȐȒȍ ©ǳȍȓȤª
«ǶȒȕȖª ©ǪȈȓª ǼȐȈȓª ©ǸțȉȍȎª Ȑ ȗȘ — șȔ Ȋ ȟȈșȚȕȖșȚȐ ȀȈȖȝțȈ   ǨȊ-
ȚȖȘ șȉ ©ǴțȏȣȒȈ ȉȖȓȐª ǽȈȘȉȐȕ 1918,) ©ǳȍȗȍșȚȒȐ ǹȒȘȐȎȈȓȤª ǽȈȘȉȐȕ 
Ǫ 1920-ȝ ȋȋ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ǹǹǹǸ, ȎȐȓ Ȋ ǷȍȚȍȘȋȖȜȍ ȗȘȍȗȖȌȈȊȈȓ ȧȏȣȒȐ ǬȍȓȖ 
ȚȈȔ Ȏȍ ǷȖȌȘȖȉȕȍȑ Ȗ ȕȍȔ șȔ ǲȐȘȐȓȓȖȊȈ  ǷȖȥȏȐȧ  Ǫ șȚȐȝȈȝ ǲȈȔȣȠ-
ȕȦȒȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ ȥȋȖȜțȚțȘȐȏȔȈ ș ǴȈȘȚȖȔ Ȑ ȅȓȤȜȖȔ-ǼȈȐȕȖȔ ȍȋȖ ȘȖȌ-
ȕȐȚ ȐȕȚȍȘȍș Ȓ ©ȋȓțȉȐȕȈȔ ȕȈȘȒȖȏȕȣȔª ȒȈȒ ȕȈȏȊȈȕ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȞȐȒȓȖȊ Ȋ ©ǴțȏȣȒȍ
ȉȖȓȐª ȗȖ șȓȖȊȈȔ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ șȉȓȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȉȘ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȣȝ ș ǲȈȔȣȠȕȦȒȖȔ ȗȘȖȐ-
ȏȖȠȓȖ ©ȕȈ ȗȖȟȊȍ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ Ȑ ȕȈȘȒȖȏȈª — ǬȍȓȖ  ȚȈȔ Ȏȍ ǽȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȕȣ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ
ȗȓȈȕȍ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȗȖȥȔȈ ©ǨȚȚȘȈȒȞȐȖȕ ȖȗȐȖȜȈȋȈª Ȑ ȞȐȒȓ ©ǳȦȉȖȊȤ ȕȈȘȒȖȏȕȈȧª ȕȈ-
ȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȎțȘȕ ©ǳȍȓȤª ǳȍȓȤ  ȹȹ - Ȑȏ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȊȍ-
ȌȍȔ ȌȊȈ șȚȐȝ
ǫȘțșȚȕȣȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ
ǺȖȕȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȌȍȚȖȟȒȈ șȕȖȊȈ — ȋȘțșȚȕȣȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ
ǰ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ șȕȖȊȈ ȧ șȕȖȊȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌț —
ǷȖȓȕȖȟȤȦ ȏȊȍȕȧȡȍȦ Ȋȣ ȏȈȎȎȍȚȍ șȊȍȟȐ
ǺȐȝȖ ȗȓȈȒȈȚȤ ȉțȌȍȚȍ Ȋ ȋȘȖȏȖȊȖȔ șȈȌț.
ǩțȌțȚ ȔȣșȓȐ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȍ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȓȈȊȈȚȤ
ǺȘȈțȘȕȣȔȐ ȓȍȕȚȈȔȐ ȋȘȍȏț ȖȉȓȍȒȈȚȤ
ǰ ȗȘȐȕȐȒȕȍȚ ȝȖȓȖȌȖȔ ȠȖȘȖȝȖȔ ȖȚȘȈȊȣ
Ǫ șȍȘȣȑ ȗȓȈȡ ȖȒțȚȈȍȚșȧ ȚȐȝȈȧ ȚȖșȒȈ
ǫȌȍ Ȏȍ ȋȌȍ Ȏȍ Ȉȕȋȍȓȣ? ǯȈȗȣȓȈȑȚȍ ȋȘȍȏȣ
ǵȖ ȚȖșȒȈ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȈȧ ȖȚȚȖȓȒȕȍȚ Ȑȝ ȗȘȖȟȤ
ǰ Ȋșȍ ȉțȌȍȚ șȕȐȚȤșȧ ȊȈȔ, ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȉȘȍȌț ȕȈȘȒȖȏȖȊȖȔ
ȇ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȦ șȔȍȘȚȕțȦ șȓȈȌȖșȚȕțȦ ȕȖȟȤ
ǵȖ ȖȚ ȊȈș ǼȐȈȓȒȖȊȖȑ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȋȘțșȚȕȣȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ
ǹțȔȘȈȟȕȈȧ ȋȘțșȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ țȊȍȓȈ
ǰ ȔȖȓȧșȤ ȊȈȔ ȋȘȍȏȖȊȖ ȧ ȏȈȚȍȗȓȐȓ șȊȍȟȐ
ǰ ȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ șȗțȚȕȐȞȈ ȟȚȖ țȎ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȔȋȓȈ.
ǰ șȓȖȊȈ ȠțȘȠȈȡȐȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ șȚȍȓȧȚ șȈȊȈȕ
ǺȖȕȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȌȍȊȖȟȒȈ ǫȌȍ Ȏȍ ȋȌȍ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ"
ȅȚȈ ȕȖȟȤ șȊȐȕȞȖȊȈȧ ȘȈȏȓȐȓȈ ȖȚȘȈȊț
Ǫ ȠȖȘȖȝȍ ȋȐȗȕȖȏȧȡȍȔ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȟȕȖȑ ȚȘȈȊȣ
ǩȓȐȏȖșȚȤ ȝȖȓȖȌȈ
ǹțȔȐȘȍ ǪȖ Ȕȕȍ ȝȖȝȖȟȍȚ ȈȌȖȊȣȑ
ǨȌȖȊȣȑ ȝȖȝȖȟȍȚ ȏȓȖȉȕȖ ȌȍȔȖȕ

332
ǹȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȊȍȌȈȍȚȍ ȧȌț Ȋȣ
ǳȦȉȐȚ șȓȍȏȣ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȝȘȐȏȈȕȚȍȔ Ȗȕ
ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ țȎ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ șȒȈȎț ȧ ȊȈȔ
ǵȖ ȔȖȓȦ ȊȈș — ȊȍȘȤȚȍ Ȕȕȍ Ȗ ȊȍȘȤȚȍ
ǵȈȠȐ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ ȏȊȖȕȖȗȓȍșȒȖȔ șȚȘțȍȊȣȔ
ǵȈș ȊȍȌțȚ Ȓ ȉȍȏțȔȐȦ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ
ǷȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȊȍȘȐȓȐ ȗȖȥȚț Ȋȣ
ǷȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȧ țȔȍȧ șȔȍȧȚȤșȧ
ǲȖȋȌȈ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȗȓȈȒȈȓ ȚȍȔȕȖȉȘȍȌȖȊȣȑ
ǽȖȝȖȚ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ ȗȈȧȞȈ
Ƕ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ǶȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȍȕ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ȧ —
ǵȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȊȍȘȤȚȍ Ȕȕȍ Ȗ ȊȍȘȤȚȍ—
ǩȘȍȌȐȚ ȗȖȓȕȖȟȤ ȋȐȉȍȓȤȦ ȕȈȘȒȖȏȕȖȦ
ǹȓȣȠț ȠȖȘȖȝ șȚȖȘȖȎȈȡȍȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ
Ǫ ȗȘȐȚȖȕȈȝ
ȕȈȐȚȤȧȝ ȅȌȋȈȘȈ — ȘȍȟȤ ȐȌȍȚ Ȗȉ ȅ ǷȖ ǷȘȍȒȓȖȕȍȕȐȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȅ ǷȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑ
ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȔ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕȞȍȔ ǻ ǻȐȚȔȍȕȖȔ — șȔ ȕȐȎȍ ȒȖȔȔ Ȓ șȚȐȝ ©ǵȈ-
ȘȖȌțª ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȓ ș ȉȘȈȚȖȔ Ȑ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚ ȕȈȏȊȈȊȠȐȑ șȊȖȍȋȖ țȔȍȘȠȍȋȖ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȗȖș-
ȓȍ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȗȍȘȊȍȕȞȈ ȅȌȋȈȘȖȔ șȔ ȗȖșȊ ©ǴȈȘȚȍȓȐȑª ©ȅȌȋȈȘț ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȖ-
ȊȐȟț ǴȈȘȚț ȔȖȍȔț ȗȍȘȊȍȕȞț ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȔț șȣȕțª ǹȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ
ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȌȖȠȓȐ ȌȖ ǲ ǪȈȋȐȕȖȊȈ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȘȖȔȈȕȍ ©ǲȖȏȓȐȕȈȧ ȗȍșȕȤª ȗȖȥȚ ǹȍȕȚȧȉȘȤ
ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȚȖȚȐȗȖȊ ȒȖȚ ȧȊȓȧȓșȧ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ șȍȔȐȓȍȚȕȍȋȖ
șȣȕȈ ©ȔȖȑ ȏȈȑȟȍȕȣȠ ȅȌȋȈȘª Ǫ ȌȖșȖȊȍȚșȒȐȝ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧȝ ǴȈȘȚȈ ȉȍȏțșȓȖȊ-
ȕȖ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȗȘȖșȓȍȎȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ Ȑ ǷȖ Ȑ ǻȐȚȔȍȕȈ
ǷȖșȊ ǲȖȕșȚȈȕ Ȍȍ ǷȖȓȤȕȍȘ
ǲȖȕșȚȈȕ ǲȖȕșȚȈȕȚȐȕ Ȍȍ ǷȖȓȤȕȍȘ (? – ?) — ȚȍȈȚȘȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȘȍȎȐșșȍȘ. ǷȖ șȓȖ-
ȊȈȔ ȒȖȓȖȘȐȚȕȖ ȖȗȐșȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȔȍȔțȈȘȈȝ ǵ ǨșȍȍȊȈ ©ȜȈȕȈȚȐȒ ȚȍȈȚȘȈ șțȔȈ-
șȠȍȌȠȐȑ ȘȍȎȐșșȍȘª ǨșȍȍȊ   ǮȐȓ ȊȖ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒȍ Ȋ  – ȕȈȟ 
ȋȋ Ȋ ȕȈȟ  ȋ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ Ȋ ȚȍȈȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȑ șȚțȌȐȐ ©ǩȈȓȈȋȈȕȟȐȒª ©ǷȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȝ
șȈȉȐȕȧȕȖȒª ǳ ǨȕȌȘȍȍȊȈ Ȑ ©ǩȍȓȣȑ țȎȐȕª ȅ ǸȖșȚȈȕȈ ǨșȍȍȊȈ 1980: 22); ȚȈȒȎȍ
țȟȈșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȈȒȚȍȘ Ȑ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȘȍȎȐșșȍȘ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȍ ©ǬȊțȝ ǷȤȍȘȖª ȅ
ǸȖșȚȈȕȈ ȔȈȘȚ-ȈȗȘȍȓȤ  ǷțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓ ȗȘȖȏȈȐȟ ȔȐȕȐȈȚȦȘȣ ǩȣȓ ȖȌȕȐȔ
Ȑȏ ȗȖȌȗȐșȈȕȚȖȊ ©ǴȈȕȐȜȍșȚȈ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȝ ȜțȚțȘȐșȚȖȊª ȜȍȊȘȈȓȤ 
ǷȖ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȧȔ ȋȈȏ ©ȅȝȖª Ȋ ȜȍȊȘȈȓȍ  ȋ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȊȈȓșȧ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȊȖ ǪȓȈ-
ȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒȍ șȚțȌȐȦ ȗȈȕȚȖȔȐȔȣ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ Ȋ ȔȈȘȚȍ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓ ȋȖȘȖȌ ǲȐȘȐȓȓȖȊȈ
2017:245-246).

333
ǵȈȘȖȌț
ȇ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȕȧȓ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ ǻȖȚȚȈ ©ǷȤȧȕȖȋȖ ȐȓȖȚȈª — ǰȔȍȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȐȌț
ǻȖȓȚ ǻȐȚȔȍȕ - ǪȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ©ȗȤȧȕȣȑ ȐȓȖȚª Ȋ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȐ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕș-
ȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȥȚȈ ǫ ȅȓȤȜ ȗȖȏȈȐȔșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ț ȕȍȘȍȌȒȖ ȞȐȚȐȘȖȊȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȍȋȖ ǲ ǿțȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ
șȘ Ȓ ȗȘȐȔȍȘț Ȋ șȚȈȚȤȍ «ǸȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȧ Ȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȈ ǷȖȥȚ-ȈȕȈȘȝȐșȚ ǻȖȚ ǻȐȚȔȈȕ»
ǹȊȖȉȖȌȈ Ȑ ȎȐȏȕȤ  ȹ   șȍȕȚ ©³ǿȚȖ ȗȤȧȕȣȑ ȐȓȖȚ ȉȍșșȚȣȌșȚȊțȍȚ ȕȈ
ȉȈȏȈȘȕȖȑ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ´ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȖ Ȗ ȕȍȔ șȌȍȘȎȈȕȕȖȍ ©:HVWPLQVWHU 5HYLHZª — ³ȕȍ
șȓțȎȐȚ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ țȒȖȘȖȔ ȚȖȑ ȚȖȓȗȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȍ ȌȈșȚ ȍȔț ȚțȔȈȒȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ
țȒȘȣȓșȧ Ȋ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȔ șȊȖȍȔ ȗȘȐȚȖȕȍ´ª Ƕ ȒțȓȤȚȍ ǻȐȚȔȍȕȈ ț ȉȘȈȚȤȍȊ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȣȝ
șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊțȍȚ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȐȔȍȕ ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ șȣȕȈ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ ȉțȌțȡȍȋȖ ȗȖȥȚȈ-ȥȔȐȋ-
ȘȈȕȚȈ ǰ ǭȓȈȋȐȕȈ (1918-1987) — ©ǻȖȚȚª
ǹȓȖȊȈ Ȋ ǪȣȠȕȐȝ ǫȈȠȐȠ
ǹȚȐȝ — șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȑ ©ȖȚȊȍȚª ǫ ȅȓȤȜȈ ȕȈ șȚȐȝ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ ©ǬȈȘ ǴȈȒȈª Ȑȏ șȉ
©ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ȌȖȔª ș  șȘ ©ǷțȚȈȓșȧ ȔȖȏȋ ȇ ȓȍȎȈȓª — ©ȇ ȓȍȎȈȓ ǲȈȟȈȓȈșȤ
ȒȖȓȣȉȍȓȤª Ȑ Ț Ȍ
ǺǮǾȀǳǹǶǶ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǴȈȘȚ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȍȓȐȐ ǰșȚȖȘȐȐ ȔȖȍȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǩ Ȋ Ȍ >ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖș-
ȚȖȒ, 1919]. ǨȘȝȐȊ ǵ ǵ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȈ-ǩȖȌȘȖȋȖ ǽǲǴ Ǽ  Ȗȗ  Ȍ  Ȓȗ .12777.
ǹ ȗȖȌȏȈȋ ©ǰșȚȖȘȐȐ ȔȖȍȑ șȔȍȘȚȐª ȚȈȒȎȍ ȊȣȠȓȈ ȒȘȖȠȍȟȕȈȧ ȒȕȐȎȍȟȒȈ ©ǺȘȐ
șȖȓȕȞȈª ǽȈȘȉȐȕ 
ǫȕȐȓȖȑ țȋȖȓ — ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȘȈȑȖȕȖȊ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒȈ ȘȈșȗȖȓȈȋȈȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȖ-
ȓȖȚȐșȚȖȑ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȏȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȚȈȒ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȍ ȟȈșȚȣȝ ȚțȔȈȕȖȊ ǷȖșȓȍ Ȗșț-
ȠȍȕȐȧ ȉȖȓȖȚ Ȋ ȕȈȟ ǽǽ Ȋ ȓȖȒȈȞȐȧ ©ǫȕȐȓȖȋȖ țȋȓȈª ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȐȏȔȍȕȧȓȈșȤ
ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȚȖȗȖȕȐȔ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ
ȅȌȋȈȘț ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȔț șȣȕț — CȔ ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚ Ȓ șȚȐȝ ǫ ȅȓȤȜȈ ©Ǫ ȗȘȐȚȖȕȈȝª
ǪȈȘȊȈȘȍ ǹȚȈȚȤȍȊȖȑ — Ǫ Ǵ ǹȚȈȚȤȍȊȈ-ǷȍȘȍȊȖȡȐȒȖȊȈ " – ȗȖșȓȍ  — ȗȖȥ-
ȚȍșșȈ ȖȟȍȘȒȐșȚȒȈ ǹ  ȋ țȟȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ ȗȍȘȍȍȝȈȓȈ Ȋ ǰȘȒțȚșȒ Ȋ
 ȋ ȊȔȍșȚȍ șȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȔțȎȍȔ ȗȖȓțȟȐȊȠȐȔ ȘȈȉȖȚț Ȋ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌșȚȊȍ ǫȘȖȔȖ-
Ȋȣȝ Ȑ ȔȓȈȌȠȐȔȐ șȍșȚȘȈȔȐ ȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȈȓȤȔ ©ǰȘȒțȚșȒȐȍ ȊȍȟȍȘȈª 
ȎțȘȕ ©ǩȈȋțȓȤȕȐȒª Ȑ ©ǹȐȉȐȘșȒȈȧ ȓȍȚȖȗȐșȤª Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ -ȝ ȋȋ ȗȍȘȍȉȘȈȓȈșȤ
ȊȖ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ Ȋ - ȋȋ ȗȍȟȈȚȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȎțȘȕ ©ǳȍȓȤª ©ǩȐȘȦȟª ©ǺȊȖȘ-
ȟȍșȚȊȖ Ǫ ȖȟȍȘȒȍ Ȇ ǫȈȓȐȟȈ ǫ ǰ ǫȖȕȟȈȘȍȕȒȖ -194 ©ǨȉȘȈȒȈȌȈȉȘȈª ȖȗȐ-
șȈȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȈȧ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȈ ȒȈȉȈȘȍ ©ǩȐ-ǩȈ-ǩȖª Ȑ ȕȈȘȧȌț ș Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȖȔ
ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ©ȞȍȓȖȑ ȜȈȓȈȕȋȐ ȔȍȓȒȐȝ ȉȍȏȌȈȘȕȣȝ ȉȍșȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȕȖ șȊȐȝȕțȊȠȐȝșȧ ȥȘȖ-
ȚȖȔȈȕȖȊ ȒȖȒȈȐȕȐșȚȖȊ». Ǫ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȜȍȊȘȈȓȧ  ȋ ȗȖȌȗȐșȈȓȈ ©ǴȈȕȐȜȍșȚ ȌȈȓȤ-

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ȕȍȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȝ ȜțȚțȘȐșȚȖȊª Ǫ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȋȖȌț țȍȝȈȓȈ Ȋ ȀȈȕȝȈȑ ȋȌȍ șȚȈȓȈ ȘȍȌȈȒ-
ȚȖȘȖȔ-ȐȏȌ. ȋȈȏ ©ȀȈȕȝȈȑșȒȐȑ ȗȖȕȍȌȍȓȤȕȐȒª ȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȎțȘȕ ©ǼȐȈȓª Ȑ Ȑȏ-
ȌȈȓȈ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ șȉ ©ǹȚȐȝȐ Ǻ ª . CȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ǰȊȈȠȒȍȊȐȟ  Ȋ ȐȦȕȍ
 ȋ ȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ ȊȖ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ ǰȔȍȦȚșȧ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȍȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȋ ǾȐȕȌȈȖ Ȋ
1920-ȝ ȋȋ ǽȐșȈȔțȚȌȐȕȖȊ  107). ǷȘȐȊȍȌȍȔ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȐȝ Ǫ ǹȚȈȚȤȍȊȖȑ
ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȣȝ ȊȖ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒȍ ȏȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ǹȚȈȚȤȍȊȈ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȈ -Ȧ
ȗȘȍȔȐȦ ȕȈ ȒȖȕȒțȘșȍ ǳǽǶ ȐȔ ǵ Ƿ ǬțȒȍȓȤșȒȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȐȊ ȍȍ ș ǹ ǺȘȍȚȤȧȒȖ-
ȊȣȔ ǳȍȓȤ  ȹ   ȌȍȒ
 ȔȈȘȚȈ  ȋȖȌȈ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ șȖȉȖȘȕȖȑ
ǵȍȏȈȉȣȊȈȍȔȣȑ ȗȈȘȈȌ
ɋɸɞɚ ɧɚɪɨɞ ɞɨɬɨɥɶ ɩɨɤɨɪɧɵɣ
ɉɪɢɧɟɫ ɜ ɛɨɹɯ ɞɨɛɵɬɵɣ ɤɥɚɞ.
ǺȖȚ ȒȓȈȌ — ȒțȔȈȟȕȣȍ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȈ,
ǶȕȐ ȗȖȌ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȖȑ ȊȍșȕȖȑ
ǹȚȖȓȍȚȕȍȑ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȕȈȗȖȍȕȣ
ǬȣȠȈȓȐ Ȋ ȉȍȏȌȕȍ ȋȖȓțȉȖȑ.
ǰ ȘȈșȗȓȣȊȈȧșȤ ȗȘȐȚȍȒȈȓȐ
ǹȖȓȌȈȚ ȒȖȓȦȟȐȍ ȗȖȓȒȐ
ǹȊȍȘȒȈȧ Ȋ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȍ ȌȈȓȐ
ǪȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȔȐȘȕȣȍ ȠȚȣȒȐ
ǹȣȕȈȔ ȘȈșȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ,
ǪȟȍȘȈȠȕȐȔ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȈȔ ȚȦȘȤȔȣ
ǻȘȈ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȉȘȖșȈȓȐ ȊȏȊȖȌȣ
ǹȘȈȎȈȧ șȚȈȘȣȍ țȔȣ
ǽȖȚȍȓȖșȤ, ȟȚȖȉ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȓșȧ
Ǫ ǸȖșșȐȐ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȞȊȍȚ,
ǰ Ȋ ȧȘȒȖȔ ȕȍȉȍ ȘȈȏȊȍȊȈȓșȧ
Ǭȓȧ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȝ ȗȖȉȍȌ
ǩȣȓȈ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȊȍșȕȈ Ȑ ȊȖȓȧ
ǰ ȠȍȓȒȈ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȒțșȒȐ
ǰ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȊȍȚȍȘ ș ȗȖȓȧ
ǵȍ Ȋȍȧȓ ȧȌȈȔȐ ȚȖșȒȐ
 ȔȈȘȚȈ  ȋȖȌȈ
ǷȘȖȠȓȖȋȖȌȕȐȍ ȜȓȈȋȐ ȗȖȊȣȞȊȍȓȐ
ǰ șȓȖȊ ȗȖȚȍȔȕȍȓ țȏȖȘ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ
ǫȘȖȔȖȏȌȧȚșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȊȔȍșȚȖ — ȗțȓȐ
ǵȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ ȋȘȧȏȐ ȗȖȒȘȖȊ ȋțșȚȖȑ
Ǩ ȗȖȋȖȌȈ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȋȍșȍȕȕȧȧ
ǷȖȌ ȊȍȚȘȖȔ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ ȕȍȎȕȖ ȌȘȖȎȈȚ.
ǶȚȟȍȋȖ Ȏȍ șȓȍȌȐȚ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȦ ȚȍȕȤ ȔȖȧ,

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ǯȖȊȍȚ ȖȋȓȧȕțȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȚȖșȒț ȕȈȏȈȌ?
ǰ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ ȉȍȏȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓȈ
Ǫșȍ ȗȍșȕȐ ȟȚȖ șȗȍȓ ȕȈȔ ȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȋȖȌ...
ǵȈȒȓȖȕȧȍȚșȧ ȚȍȕȤ ȔȖȧ ȚȍȔȕȈȧ
ǰ ȟȍȑ-ȚȖ ȒȘȐȊȐȚșȧ ȖȚ ȉȖȓȐ ȘȖȚ
ǳȍȓȤ  ȹ   ȕȖȧȉȘȧ
ǰ ȝȘȈȔ ǹȗȈșȐȚȍȓȧ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔȐ ȗȈȘțșȈȔȐ
ǸȈșȒȐȕțȚ Ȋ ȕȍȉȍ ȒțȗȖȓȈȔȐ
ǰ ȒȘȍȔȓȤ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȑ ȒȘȍȔȓȤ ȋȓȧȌȐȚșȧ
Ǫ ȒȖșȖȍ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ ǴȖșȒȊȣ
Ǫșȍ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȕȍȉȖ ȕȈȓȍȋȈȍȚ
ǬȖȒțȟȕȣȑ ȌȖȎȌȐȒ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȍȕ
ǰ ȖșȍȕȤ ȏȈȎȐȋȈȍȚ șȊȍȟȐ
Ǫ ȕȈȔȖȒȠȍȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȐ ȓȐșȚȊȣ
ǳȍȓȤ  ȹ   ȌȍȒȈȉȘȧ
ǶǵȁǺǾȁǲǻȉǳ ȅǳǾǰǶ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǴȈȘȚ Ǫ ǰȏțȔȘțȌȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȊȐ ǩ Ȋ Ȍ >ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ, ǲ-ȊȖ ©ǽȈȑ-
ȠȐȕ-Ȋȍȑª 1919@ ǨȘȝȐȊ ǵ ǵ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȈ-ǩȖȌȘȖȋȖ ǽǲǴ Ǽ  Ȗȗ  Ȍ 
ǯȌȖȉȕȖȊ 
Ǫ ȋȈȏȍȚȕȖȔ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȐ Ȗ ȊȣȝȖȌȍ Ȓȕ ©ǰȏțȔȘțȌȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȊȐª ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȐȏȖȊȈȓȐșȤ
ȒȈȒ ©ȗȘȖȏȈȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȗȖȥȔȈª Ȑ ȉȣȓ țȒȈȏȈȕ ȈȊȚȖȘ Ȗȉȓ — Ǵ Ǵ ǨȊȍȚȖȊ -1972):
©Ǫ șȒȖȘȖȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ șȊȍȚ ȗȘȖȏȈȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȗȖȥȔȈ ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ ǴȈȘȚȈ —
³ǰȏțȔȘțȌȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȊȐ Ǫ ȖȔțȚȍ ȏȍȘȒȈȓ´ ǰȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȒȕȐȋȖȐȏȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȍȑ.
ǶȉȓȖȎȒȈ — ȘȈȉȖȚȣ Ǵ ǨȊȍȚȖȊȈª ȅȝȖ  ȹ   ȐȦȕȧ ǹ 
ǹǳǽǳǿȀǸǶ ǿǮǸȁǾȉ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǳȍȗȍșȚȒȐ șȈȒțȘȣ ǩȍȏȍ ǷȐșȤȔȈ ȇȗȖȕșȒȖȑ ǴțșȔȥ ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ
ǴȈȘȚ ǺȈȕȒȐ Ȑ ȝȖȒȒț ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ ǲ-ȊȖ ©ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȥȑª [ǺȐȗ ȐȏȌ-ȊȈ ©ǹȊȖȉȖȌ-
ȕȈȧ ǸȖșșȐȧª], 1919.
ǩȍȏȍ ǷȐșȤȔȈ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȑ ȔțșȔȥ
ǩȍȏȍ — ȗșȍȊȌ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚȈ Ȑ ȉȍȓȓȍȚȘȐșȚȈ ǩȖȘȐșȈ ǴȖȐșȍȍȊȐȟȈ ǯȐȓȤȗȍȘȚȈ -

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1938). ǻȘȖȎȍȕȍȞ ǪȍȓȐȎȈ ǪȖȓȣȕșȒȖȑ ȋțȉ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȐ — ȔȍȓȒȐȍ ȒțȗȞȣ ǹțȌȧ ȗȖ
șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧȔ ȐȏȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȔ Ȋ ǯȐȓȤȗȍȘȚ  ș ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ ȐȓȐ ȦȕȖșȚȐ ȎȐȓ Ȋ ǨȔȍ-
ȘȐȒȍ țȟȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȈȔȍȘ țȕ-ȚȈȝ Ȋ  ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ȗȤȍșț ©ǷȖȊȍȘȕȐ ȠȚȣȒª ȏȈȗȘȍȡȍȕ-
ȕțȦ Ȓ ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȍ Ȋ ǹȀǨ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȏȍ ȉȍȋȓȖ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȕȐȍ Ȋ ǰȚȈȓȐȐ Ǫ
 ȋ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȦ ©ǸȈȉȖȚȈȦ Ȋ ȖȒȘȈȐȕȕȖȔ șȖȊȍȚȍ ȟȓȍȕ ȘȍȊȒȖȔȈ ȒȖȔȐș-
șȈȘ ȗȍȟȈȚȐ ȕȍȓȍȋȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȊȖ ȋȓȈȊȍ ȚȘȖȑȒȐ ȊȖȍȕȕȖ-ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȣȑ ȚȘȐ-
ȉțȕȈȓ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȈȘȚȐȏȈȕȡȐȕȈ Ȋ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȝ ȚȈȑȋȈȝ ǵȍȓȍȋȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȋ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȔ ȗȖȘȚț
ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȈȘȚ¶ȧȊȒȈ șȊȧȏȤ ș ȗȈȘȚȐȏȈȕȈȔȐ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȖșȚȣª
Ǫ ȔȈȘȚȍ  ȋ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȓ Ȋ șȖȦȏȍ ȍȊȘȍȑșȒȖȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȎȐ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒȈ ȞȐȒȓ Ȑȏ
 ȓȍȒȞȐȑ Ȗ ȍȊȘȍȑșȒȖȑ ȓȐȚ-Șȍ ©ȕȈȟȐȕȈȧ ș ȕȖȊȈȚȖȘȈ ȍȊȘȍȑșȒȖȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȣ
ǴȍȕȌȍȓȍ ǴȖȑȝȍȘ ǹȜȖȘȐȔ ǨȉȘȈȔȖȊȐȟ Ȑ ȒȖȕȟȈȧ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȧ<ȔȐ> ȕȖȊȍȑ-
Ƞȍȑ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ — ǸȖȏȍȕȚȈȓȤ ǴȍȕȈȝȍȔ ȀȕȍțȘ Ȑ ǸȈȉȍª [ǩ ȗ]. ǵȖȊȍȑȠȈȧ ȍȊȘȍȑ-
șȒȈȧ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȈ ǳȍȒȞȐȐ ǩȍȏȍ  ȅȝȖ  ȹ   ȔȈȘȚȈ ǹ  șȔ ȚȈȒȎȍ
>ǩ ȗ@ ǭȊȘȍȑșȒȈȧ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȈ  ȅȝȖ  ȹ   ȔȈȘȚȈ ǹ ). Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ
ȗȐ-șȈȓ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȕȈ ȐȌȐȠ ȗțȉȓȐȒțȧ ȈȊȚȖȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȣ ȕȈ ȘțșșȒȐȑ
ǬȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȍȑ ȒȈȘȤȍȘȍ ǩ ǯȐȓȤȗȍȘȚȈ ©ȕȈ ȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȖșȚȈȝª șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ǯȐȓȤ-
ȗȍȘȚ  ȗȖȔȍȠȈȓȖ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȗȈȘȚȉȐȓȍȚȈ Ȑ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡȍȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ ǷȖ ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒț Ȋ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ -ȝ ȋȋ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȖȑ ȗșȐȝȐȈȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȒȓȐȕȐȒȍ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȖșȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȕȐȍ ǹ ȒȖȕȞȈ -ȝ ȋȋ — ȟȓȍȕ ȘȍȌȈȒȞȐȐ ©ǲȘȍșȚȤȧȕșȒȖȑ ȋȈȏȍȚȣª ǵȈȗȐșȈȓ ȘȧȌ
ȈȋȐȚȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȝ ȉȘȖȠȦȘ ǩȣȓ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȕ  ȔȈȘȚȈ  ȋ ȖȉȊȐȕȍȕ Ȋ țȟȈșȚȐȐ Ȋ ȗȘȖ-
ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȑ ȠȗȐȖȕșȒȖ-ȚȍȘȘȖȘȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȐ Ȑ ȘȈșșȚȘȍȓȧȕ Ȋ ǩțȚȖȊȖ 8
ȔȈȧ  ȋ
Ǫ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȊȍȌȍȔ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȚȍȒșȚ ǩȍȏȍ ȕȈȗȍȟ Ȋ ȎțȘȕ ©ǳȍȓȤª  ȹ 
 ȕȖȧȉȘȧ
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȗȖȑȌȍȠȤ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȈȚȤșȧ
ǴȖșȚȒȐ ȚȘȖȚțȈȘȖȊ ȏȈȎȋȐ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȒȖșȚȘȈȔȐ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȧ, ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗțȚ-
ȕȐȒȐ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ țȓȐȞ Ȋ ȖȋȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȓȧșȒȍ ȞȍȗȓȧȓȐșȤ
ǶȎȐȊȐ Țȣ ȈșȜȈȓȤȚ ȥȚȖȚ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȕȍȔȖȑ Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȍȌȍȊȠȍȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ
ȏȈșȚȣȊȠȍȍ ȏȓȖȉȣ șȒȈȓȖȦ Ȋ ȒȓțȉȖȒ ȏȈȊȍȘȕțȓȖșȤ ȗȖȌ ȚȖȗȖȚ ȏȊȍȘȍȑ ȗȘȍșȣȡȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ
ǪȖȕȏȐ ȌȊȈ ȕȖȎȈ ȚȊȖȐȝ ȋȓȈȏ Ȗșȓȍȗȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȉȍȏțȔȐȍȔ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȌȣȘȧȊȖȋȖ ȕȍȉȈ
ȋȌȍ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ-ȗȘȐȕȞȍșșȣ ȋȖșȚȧȚ Ȑ ȗȐȘțȦȚ țȏȍȓ Țȍȝ ȚȈȑȕȣȝ ȓȖȝȔȖȚȤȍȊ ȗȖȘȊȐ
ȘȈșșȣȗȤ ȥȚȐ ȐșȒȖȘȒȐ-ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȗȖ ȓȦȌșȒȐȔ ȚȘȖȚțȈȘȈȔ ȗțșȚȤ ȚțȠȈȚ Ȑ ȚȖȗȟȍȚ ȒȖ-
ȒȖȚȒȈ ȐȋȘȐȊȣȑ Ȑȝ ȉȓȍșȒ ȗȖȌ ȉȘȈȕȤȦ ȗȘȖȌȈȎȕȖȑ
ǩȐȉȓȐȐ ȉțȒȊȣ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȍ ȉțȒȊȣ ȕȈȌ ȓȖȎȍȔ ȚȊȖȐȔ ȘȈșșȚȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ țȏȖȘȣ ȕȈ-
ȗȣȡȍȕȕȖȑ ȓȎȐ Ȑ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ șȖȋȘȍȠȐ ǩȖȋȈ ȏȈșȚȈȊȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȒȖȘȟȐȚșȧ
ȚȍȓȖ Ȋ ȚȖȘȋț ȟȚȖȉȣ șȓȣȠȈȓ Ȗȕ ȏȊȖȕ ȖȒȘțȋȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȟȍȘȊȖȕȞȍȊ Ȑ ȝȖȝȖȚ ȗȘȖȕ-
ȏȍȕȕȣȑ țȋȈȘȕȣȔ ȊȐȕȖȔ Ǩ ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȋȘȖȏȕȖ ȗȘȖȔȖȓȊȐȚ ©ǯȈ ȋȘȍȝ Țȣ șțȘȖȊțȦ
ȒȈȘț ȗȖȓțȟȐȠȤª țȌȈȘȤ ȊȓȈșȚȍȓȐȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ȑ ȕȍȉȍș ȒȈȒ ȗȤȧȕȣȑ ȒțȗȍȞ țȌȈȘȧȍȚ
Ȗ ȚȍȓȖ ȎȐȊȖȍ țȝȈȘșȒȐ ȒȘȐȒȕțȊ ©ǶȕȖ ȗȖȒțȗȕȖȍª.
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ǵȍ șȗȘȖșȐ ȟȚȖ ȉțȌț ȧ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȗȖȑȌȍȠȤ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȗȍȊȍȞ
ȏȈȗȖȍȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǻȓȐȞȈ ȌȘțȋȈ ȗȖȋțȉȐȚ Ȑ ȏȊțȒȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȗȖ ȒȓȈȊȐȠȈȔ ȗȍșȕȐ ȏȈșȚȖ-
ȕțȚ — ȕȈȚȖȟț ȔȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȒȓȣȒȈȔ ȖȒȍȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȏȊȍȘȧ Ȑ ȊȖȍȔ ȒȖȠȔȈȘ-
ȕȣȔ ȖȋȓțȠȐȚșȧ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȎȈȓȖȉȣ șȓȖȊȖ ȔȖȓȤȉȣ Ȑ ȗȘȖȡȍȕȐȧ ȖȚȘțȉȓȦ ȖȚ ȘȖȧ-
ȓȧ ȕȈȘȍȟȐȑ ȟȚȖȉ ȏȊțȟȈȓȈ ȓȐȠȤ ȏȓȖȉȈ Ȑ ȔȍșȚȤ ȏȈȗȓȧșȈȓȈ Ȋ Ȗȋȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȉțȒȊȈȝ

337
șȖȏȊțȟȐȑ ǺȈ ȗȍșȕȧ-ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȤȍ ȗțșȚȤ țȓȐȞȍȑ ȌȣȠȐȚ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȕȖȑ ȏȊȍȘȐȕȖȑ
ȗȘȖȌȈȎȕȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȖȍ ȚȍșȚȖ șȍȘȌȍȞ-ȏȈȗȍȒȈȕȖȒ ȔȖȏȋȖȊ Ȑ ȎȍȔȟțȎȐȕ ǲȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȊ-
ȚȘȈ ȗȖȑȌȍȠȤ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȈȚȤșȧ — ȧ ȗȍșȕȍȑ ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ ȏȈȋțȉȓȦ
Ǫ ǴȈȘȚ ǳȍȗȍșȚȒȐ șȈȒțȘȣ
ȇȗȖȕșȒȐȍ șȚȐȓȐȏȈȞȐȐ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋ ȖșȕȖȊȕȖȔ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȕȣ Ȋ Ȑȏ-
ȌȈȊȈȊȠȍȔșȧ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȞȖȔ ȎțȘȕ ©ǷȘȐȘȖȌȈ Ȑ ȓȦȌȐ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȋȖ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈª  ȹȹ 1,
2). Ƕ ©ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȝª ȚȍȒșȚȈȝ Ȑ ȗȍȘ ǴȈȘȚȈ șȔ ǹțȓȍȑȔȍȕȖȊȈ 
ǪȈș ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ
ǺȈȕȒȈ ȒȈȒ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ǴȈȘȚ ©ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȕȈ ȈȊȚȖȘȖȔ ȕȈ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȐ ȗȖȥȚȖȊ ©ǹȐ-
ȊȈȒȈȑª Ȋ ǺȖȒȐȖ ȗȍȘȍȊ ȕȈ ȧȗ ȧȏȣȒ Ȑ ȕȈȗȍȟ Ȋ ȧȗ ȎțȘȕȈȓȍ ³CȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȖȥ-
ȏȐȐ´ª ǴȈȘȚ Ǫ ǰȏ ȞȐȒȓȈ ©ǳȍȗȍșȚȒȐ șȈȒțȘȣª  ǷȘȐȘȖȌȈ Ȑ ȓȦȌȐ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȋȖ ǪȖș-
ȚȖȒȈ  ȹ - ǹ 
ǵȈșȓȍȌȕȐȒȈȔ ȌȈȘȈ ǹțșȈȕȖȊȖ — Ȋ șȖȊȘ ȚȘȈȕșȒȘȐȗȞȐȐ ǹțșȈȕȖȖ Ǫ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȑ ȚȘȈ-
ȌȐȞȐȐ șȟȐȚȈȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȉȖȋ șȚȘȖȧ Ȍȓȧ șȍȉȧ Ȑ șȊȖȍȑ Ȏȍȕȣ ǲțșȐȕȈȌȈ-ȝȐȔȥ
ȉȘȈȟȕȣȍ ȗȖȒȖȐ șȓȖȎȐȓ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȚȈȕȒȈ Ȗ ©ȗȖȒȖȧȝ Ȋ ȊȖșȍȔȤ ȖȋȘȈȌª ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȝ
ȊȖșȤȔȐ ȋȘȧȌȈȔ ȖȉȓȈȒȖȊ ȕȈȌ ǰȌȏțȔȖ
ǩȈșȐȖ — țșȚȈȘȍȊȠȍȍ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ȓȐȚ ȐȔȍȕȐ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȥȚȈ ǴȈȞțȖ
ǩȈșȨ -1694).
ǿȀǾǼǸǶ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǹȚȘȖȒȐ ǹȚȐȝȐ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ ǶȜȖȘȚȣ Ǯ ǷȓȈșșȍ [ǽȈȉȈȘȖȊșȒ]: ǯȍ-
ȓȍȕȈȧ ȒȖȠȒȈ [1919]. ǺȐȘȈȎ  ȥȒȏ țșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȖ ȗȖ ǶȒȕȖ 
ǮȈȕ ǷȓȈșșȍ — ȗșȍȊȌ ȓȈȚȊȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȋȘȈȜȐȒȈ Ȑ ȎȐȊȖȗȐșȞȈ ȇȕȐșȈ ǷȓȈșȍ -
 ǪȣȗțșȒȕȐȒ ȀȒȖȓȣ ǰȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ȗȖȖȡȘȍȕȐȧ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊ
(1914- ǮȐȓ Ȑ ȗȘȍȗȖȌȈȊȈȓ Ȋ ǿȐȚȍ ǶșȍȕȤȦ  ȋ șȚȈȓ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈ-
ȚȖȘȖȊ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȧ ©ǯȍȓȍȕȈȧ ȒȖȠȒȈª Ȋ ǽȈȉȈȘȖȊșȒȍ țșȚȘȖȐȊ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȌȊȍ ȊȣșȚȈȊȒȐ ȧȕȊȈȘȤ Ȑ ȔȈȘȚ  Ȑ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȘȧȌ ȒȕȐȋ ȥșȚȈȔȗȖȊ șȔ
ǺțȘȟȐȕșȒȈȧ  ǳȍȚȖȔ  ȋ șȖȊȔȍșȚȕȖ ș șȖȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȚȖȘȖȔ ©ǯȍȓȍȕȖȑ ȒȖȠȒȐª
ȊȣșȚȈȊȓȧȓșȧ ȊȖ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒȍ
Ǫ  ȋ. ǷȓȈșȍ țȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ǸȐȋț ȋȌȍ Ȋ  ȋ șȖȏȌȈȓ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȖȊ Ȕț-
ȏȣȒȈȕȚȖȊ ȈȒȚȍȘȖȊ Ȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚȖȘȖȊ ©ǯȍȓȍȕȈȧ ȊȖȘȖȕȈª ȐȏȌȈȊȈȓ ȎțȘȕȈȓ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ
ǻȟȈșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ȊȣșȚȈȊȒȈȝ ǸȐȎșȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ȋȘȈȜȐȒȖȊ Ȋ ȗȘȖȍȒȚȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȐ Ȑ
șȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȍ ȗȈȊȐȓȤȖȕȈ ǹǹǹǸ ȕȈ ǴȍȎȌțȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȣșȚȈȊȒȍ Ȋ
ǸȐȋȍ 

338
ȀǶǱǾǼǰȊǶ ȅǮǾȉ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǴȈȘȚ Ǫ ǺȐȋȘȖȊȤȐ ȟȈȘȣ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ ǰȏȌ ©ǽȈȕ-ȀȐȕ-Ȋȍȑª
[ǺȐȗ ©ȅȝȖª], 1920.
ǹȚȐȝ ©ǫȈȌȈȓȤȡȐȒª ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǵȍȌȍȓȧ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ  ȹ   ȧȕȊȈȘȧ ǺȖ Ȏȍ
ȊȖ -Ȕ ȐȏȌ șȉ ©ǷȍșȍȕȞȣª ǽȈȘȉȐȕ  ș ȗȖșȊ ǲ ǰ ǪȈȕȐȕȖȑ
ǵ ǿțȎȈȒ ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȊȣȝȖȌ Ȓȕ ȗȘȍȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȘȍȞȍȕȏȐȍȑ ǿțȎȈȒ  ȖȚȔȍ-
ȚȐȊ țȊȓȍȟȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ șȒȈȏȖȊȖȑ ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȍȑ Ȋ ȓȐȞȍ Ǩ ǸȍȔȐȏȖȊȈ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ șȖȖȚ-
ȕȍșȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȏȈȋȓȈȊȐȧ ș ©ǵȈȊȤȐȔȐ ȟȈȘȈȔȐª Ǽ ǹȖȓȖȋțȉȈ
©Ǫ ȒȕȐȎȍȟȒȍ ȌȊȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ ǶȉȈ — Ȑȏ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ ș ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȔ ȒȖȓȖȘȐ-
ȚȖȔ ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȈȊȚȖȘț ȕȍ țȌȈȍȚșȧ ǹȓȖȊȍȟȒȈȔȐ Ȋ ȗșȍȊȌȖ-ȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȔ
ȘțșșȒȖȔ șȚȐȓȍ Ȗȕ ȗȣȚȈȍȚșȧ ȊȖșȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ ȌȍȜȍȒȚȣ ș ȒȖȓȖȘȐȚȖȔ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȔ
³ǿȍȔ ȗȓȈȚȐȚȤ-ȚȖ"´ — ³Ǩȕ ȕȍȚ´ — ³ǹȖȉȈȟȐȑ ȎȐȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ"”, — ³ǰȠȤ´, — “ǰ
ȗȖȉȍȋ ș ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒȖȔ Ȋ ȒȖȕȦȠȕȦ´ — ³ǵț ȒȖȕȤ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȓȈȌȕȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȕȈȧ ȚȊȈȘȤ´
— ³ǲțȌȣ´ — ³ǺȊȈȘȤ ȕȍșțȘȈȏȕȈȧ´ — ³ǻȔȕȈȧ ȒȖȕȤ´ Ȑ Ț ȗ — Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȌȖȓȎȍȕșȚ-
ȊțȍȚ ȗȖ ȋ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚț ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȚȤ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȑ ȒȖȓȖȘȐȚ
ǵȍ Ȑȏ ³ǷȖȌȓȐȗȖȊȞȍȊ´ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ șȗȐșȈȕȖ"
Ǩ ȕȐȎȍșȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȖȚȘȣȊȖȒ — ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȥȚȖ:
“ǭșȚȤ ȗȚȐȟȐȑ ȗȖȓȍȚ-ȗȍȘȍȓȍȚ ȕȈ Ȑșȗțȋț — ȖȋȓȧȌȈ ȜȈȏȈȕȈ ȕȈ ȒțȘȍȑ ȌȖȔȖșȍȌȖȒ
ȏȈȉȖȚȕȐȞ <…>”.
ǶȚȒțȌȈ ȥȋȖ" ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ Ȑȏ Ǩ ǸȍȔȐȏȖȊȈ"
ǬȈȎȍ ȏȈȋȖȓȖȊȖȒ — “ǺȐȋȘȖȊȣȍ ȟȈȘȣ” — Ȑ ȚȖȚ “ȔȈȓȖ-ȔȈȓȖ” ș șȖȓȖȋțȉȖȊȈ ȗȓȍȟȈ
ǷȓȖȝȖ ț ȋ Ǫȍȕ ǴȈȘȚȈ ș ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȔ ȒȖȓȖȘȐȚȖȔ Ǫ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȉțȌȍȔ ȕȈ-
ȌȍȧȚȤșȧ ȊȣȑȌȍȚ “ȒȐȚȈȐșȚȍȑ”».
ȀǾǶ ǿǼǹǻȄǮ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǴȈȘȚ Ǫ ǺȘȐ șȖȓȕȞȈ ǰșȚȖȘȐȐ ȔȖȍȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ [ǽȈȘȉȐȕ]: ©ǹȈȌȈ-
ȘȐȒȖª ȉ ȋ >@ — (ǨȊȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȒȈ [Ǫȣȗ I]) Ǫ ȌȖșȚțȗȕȖȔ ȕȈȔ ȥȒȏ ȐȏȌȈ-
ȕȐȧ ǽǲǴ ǨȘȝȐȊ ǵ ǵ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȈ-ǩȖȌȘȖȋȖ Ǽ  Ȗȗ  Ȍ  ȗȖȊȘȍȎȌȍȕȣ Ȑ
ȓȐȠȤ ȟȈșȚȐȟȕȖ ȟȐȚȈȦȚșȧ ȌȊȍ șȚȘȖȒȐ
ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȗȖȥȔȈ Ȋ ȗȘȖȏȍ ©ǺȘȐ șȖȓȕȞȈª ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȈ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȖȔ
ȍȡȍ ȊȖ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒȍ Ȑ ȟȐȚȈȓȈșȤ ȐȔ ȕȈ ȊȍȟȍȘȍ ǳǽǶ  ȔȈȘȚȈ  ȋ ǲȈȒ șȖȖȉȡȈ-
ȓȐ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ©ȈȕȈȓȖȋȐȧ șȖȓȕȞȈ Ȑ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȧ ȝȓȍȉȈ ȒȈȘȈȉȒȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ȗȖ ȕȍȉț ȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȖȥȚȐȟȕȖȑª ǲȘțșȈȕȖȊ 
ǾǼǿǿǶȍ ǯǳǵ ©Ȉª
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǴȈȘȚ Ǫ ǸȖșșȐȧ ȉȍȏ ©Ȃª ǹȐȕȐȑ ǩȓȈȋȖ-ǪȍșȚȤ ǽȈȘȉȐȕ: ©ǹȈȌȈ-
ȘȐȒȖª [1921] — (ǨȊȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȒȈ. [Ǫȣȗ II]).

339
ǸȖșșȐȧ — șȔțȚȕȈȧ șȚȘȈȕȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ Ȋ ©ǸțșȤ — ȒȘȖȊȤ ȔȖȧª 
ǰȏ ȞȐȒȓȈ ©ǩȓȈȋȖȊȍșȚȤ șȐȕȐȝª
ǲȈȔȍȕȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȚȊȍȘȋȓȐ șȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȐ țȋȓȈ — ȕȍȚȖȟȕȈȧ ȞȐȚ Ȑȏ Ƿș 117:22
ȚȈȒȎȍ șȔ ǴȜ  ©ǲȈȔȍȕȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȚȊȍȘȋȓȐ șȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȐ șȖȌȍȓȈȓșȧ ȋȓȈȊȖȦ
țȋȓȈ».
ǫȘȐȋȖȘȤȍȊ ȒȘțȋ
©ǺȘȐșȚȈ ȓȍȚ ȗȘȖȌȓȐȚșȧ Ȗȕª  ǷțȠȒȐȕ — ȞȐȚ ȕȍ Ȑȏ ǷțȠȒȐȕȈ Ȉ Ȑȏ ©ǹȗȧ-
ȡȍȑ ȞȈȘȍȊȕȣª  Ǫ Ǩ ǮțȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ
ǲȈȘȓ ǴȈȘȒș ȐȓȐ ǽȘȐșȚȖș"
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȗȖȌ ȥȚȐȔ ȏȈȋȓ ǯȈȘȧ ǽȈȘȉȐȕ   ȐȦȓȧ ș ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓ ȘȈȏȕȖȟȚȍ-
ȕȐȧȔȐ
ǷȖȘȖȒ ȐȓȐ ǷȘȖȘȖȒ" ǹȒȈȎȐ Ȕȕȍ șȒȐȜ ȖȚȊȍȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȘȖșș
Ǫ ȔȖȐ ȕȐ-ȏȋȐ ǵȈ ȔȖȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș
ǷȖȘȖȒ ȐȓȐ ǷȘȖȘȖȒ" ǶȚȊȍȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȘȖșș șȒȈȎȐ Ȕȕȍ șȒȐȜ Ȋ Ȗȋȕȍ țȋȘȖȏ
Ǫ Țȍȉȍ ȊȖȏȕȐȒ
ǷȖȘȖȒ ȐȓȐ ǷȘȖȘȖȒ" ǶȚȊȍȚȤ Ȕȕȍ șȒȐȜ șȒȈȎȐ Ȕȕȍ ȘȖșș ǷțȚȐ țȏȒȐ
ȠȐȘȖȒ ȗȖȘȖȋ
ǷȘȖȘȖȒ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȘȖȒ" ǹȒȈȎȐ Ȕȕȍ ȘȖșș ǶȚȊȍȚȤ Ȕȕȍ șȒȐȜǪ ©ǵȐȏȋȐª ȔȖȏȋȐ
ǵȈ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȔȘȈȒ ǶȚȊȍȚȤ Ȕȕȍ șȒȐȜ ȕȈ ȔȖȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș
ǹȒȐȚȈȓȤȞȈȔ ǸȖșșȐȐ
ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘț ǼȍȖȌȖȘȖȊȐȟț ǺȖȗȖȘȒȖȊț — Ǩ Ǽ ǺȖȗȖȘȒȖȊ (1872-1944) — șȣȕ Ȓțȗ-
ȞȈ Ȑȏ ǲȈȔȣȠȓȖȊȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ Ȋ ȜȐȘȔȈȝ Ǩ ǪȣȉȖȘȖȊȈ Ȑ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ ©ǰ ȇ ǿț-
ȘȐȕ Ȑ ǲª ș  ȋ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȑ ȝȈȉȈȘȖȊșȒȐȔ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȍȔ ǶȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ
ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤ ȋȓȈșȕȣȑ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȑ ȌțȔȣ
 ȗȖȟȍȚȕȣȑ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȐȕ ǽȈȉȈȘȖȊșȒȈ  Ǫ
1918- ȋȋ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȑ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȑ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ©ǰ ȇ ǿțȘȐȕ Ȑ ǲª Ȋ ǽȈȘ-
ȉȐȕȍ ȋȌȍ Ȑ șȒȖȕȟȈȓșȧ

340
ȁǸǾǮǲǳǻǻǮȍ ǿǺǳǾȀȊ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǴȈȘȚ Ǫ ǻȒȘȈȌȍȕȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤ ǵȈ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȒȈȝ șȔȍȘȚȐ [ǽȈȘ-
ȉȐȕ]: ©ǹȈȌȈȘȐȒȖª [1921] — (ǨȊȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȒȈ. [Ǫȣȗ III]).
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ©ǳȍȓȤª ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ  ȹ  ǹ - ȗȖȌ ȏȈȋȓ ©ǻȒȘȈȌȍȕȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤª
Ȑ ș ȗȖșȊȧȡ ©ǷȖșȊȧȡȈȍȚșȧ Ǩ ǹ ǳª ǵȈ ȥȒȏ ǵ ǵ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȈ-ǩȖȌȘȖȋȖ ǽǲǴ ǨȘ-
ȝȐȊ ǵ ǵ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȈ-ǩȖȌȘȖȋȖ Ǽ  Ȗȗ  Ȍ  ȖȉȘȍȏȈȕȕȈȧ ȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȕȈȌ-
ȗȐșȤ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ  ©I ȕșȚ  ǽȈȘȉȐȕª
ǽǳǿǳǻȄȉ
ȖȕȒ -ȓ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǴȈȘȚ Ǫ ǷȍșȍȕȞȣ ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȍȑ ǲȐȚȈȑșȒȐȍ ȥȚȦȌȣ ǹȚȐȝȐ
ǽȈȘȉȐȕ ǰȏȌ ©ǲȈȔȍȕȤª [ǺȐȗ Ǻ-ȊȈ ©ǲȖȖȗȍȘȈȚȐȊª]. 1922. — (ǬȈȓȤȕȍ-ǪȖșȚȖȟȕȈȧ
ȉȐȉȓ-ȒȈ ȹ 
ǫȈȌȈȓȤȡȐȒ
ǲ ǰ ǪȈȕȐȕȖȑ — ǲ ǰ ǪȈȕȐȕȈ " — ȗȖșȓȍ  — ȚȍȡȈ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ ǹ ǰ ǫțșȍ-
ȊȈ-ǶȘȍȕȉțȘȋșȒȖȋȖ - ȈȊȚȖȘȈ ȗȘȍȌȐșȓ Ȓ ȌȈȕȕȖȔț șȉ ǮȐȓȈ ș ȌȖȟȍ-
ȘȤȦ ȗȍȊȐȞȍȑ ǭ ǰ ǽȈȚȈȍȊȖȑ  – ȗȖșȓȍ  Ȋ ȥȔȐȋȘȈȞȐȐ Ȋ  ȋ ȊȖȏ-
ȊȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ǹǹǹǸ
ǻǮ ǹȌǯǼǰǻȉȃ ǽǳǾǳǸǾǳǿȀǸǮȃ ǽǾǶȅȁǲȉ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǴȈȘȚ Ǫ ǵȈ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȣȝ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȒȈȝ ȗȘȐȟțȌȣ ǵȖȊȍȓȓȈ-ȔȐ-
ȕȐȈȚȘȈ ǹȚȐȝȐ ǽȈȘȉȐȕ ǰȏȌ ©ǲȈȔȍȕȤª. 1922. — (ǬȈȓȤȕȍ-ǪȖșȚȖȟȕȈȧ ȉȐȉȓ-ȒȈ.
ȹ 2).
ǷȖȟȚȖȊȈȧ ȔȈȘȒȈ
ǷȖȏȌȕȍȍ Ȋ ǳȍȕȐȕȋȘȈȌ  ȹ    ȔȈȘȚȈ
ǫȓȈȏ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǹȐȕȐȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ  ȹ   ȖȒȚȧȉȘȧ ș ȗȖȌȏȈȋ ©ǴȐȕȐȈȚȦȘȈª

341
ǹȁǻǮ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǴȈȘȚ Ǫ ǳțȕȈ ǽȈȘȉȐȕ ǲȕ-ȊȖ Ǫ Ǩ ǿȐȓȐȒȐȕȈ 2.
ǹȉȖȘȕȐȒ ȊȒȓȦȟȈȍȚ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȣ Ȑȏ ȒȓȈșșȐȒȖȊ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ ȌȐȕȈșȚȐȐ
ǺȈȕ — ǳȐ ǩȖ ǳȐ ǩȈȧ, 701-
 ǪȈȕ Ǫȥȧ 699–759 ȀȈȕȋțȈȕȧ ǰ -665).
ǳțȕȕȣȝ ©ǯȈȑȟȐȒȖȊª ǴȈȘȚț — ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ©ȓțȕȕȖȔ ȏȈȑȞȍª ȠȐȘȖȒȖ
ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕȣ Ȋ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ȔȐȜȖȓȖȋȐȐ ȅȚȖ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȐȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ
ȐȔȧ ©ǯȈȕȋȊȐȓȤȌª ȗȖȘȖȌȐȓȖ șȈȔȣȍ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȟȍȔ Ȕȣ
ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȍȑ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȔșȧ Ȋ ȉȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȟ ȖȟȍȘȒȍ
ǶȚ ȚȍȕȐ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ
ȔȖȐ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȟȐ — ȚȈȒ Ȋ ȚȍȒșȚȍ ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȖȗȍȟȈȚȒȈ Ȑ ȌȖȓȎ-
ȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȖȧȚȤ ©ȗȘȍȌȚȍȟȐª
ǹȣȒțȕ-Țț ©ǷȖȥȔȈ Ȗ ȗȖȥȚȍª — ǹȣȒțȕ-Țț ǩȧȖȠȥȕ, 837-908) — ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȑ ȗȖȥȚ
ȥȗȖȝȐ ȌȐȕȈșȚȐȐ ǺȈȕ ǶȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ ©ǷȖȥȔȈ Ȗ ȗȖȥȚȍª
ȉȣȓȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȌȍȕȖ ȕȈ ȘțșșȒȐȑ Ǫ Ǵ ǨȓȍȒșȍȍȊȣȔ șȔ ǨȓȍȒșȍȍȊ Ǫ Ǵ ǲȐȚȈȑșȒȈȧ
ȗȖȥȔȈ Ȗ ȗȖȥȚȍ ǹȚȈȕșȣ ǹȣȒțȕ Ǻț (837-908): ǷȍȘ Ȑ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ ǹ ȗȘȐȓ ȒȐ-
ȚȈȑșȒȐȝ ȚȍȒșȚȖȊ Ƿȋ., 1916 ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȗȍȘȍȐȏȌ  ȋ ȅȚȈ Ȓȕ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ
ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚț ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȚȖ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȗȍȟȈȚȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ǽȈȘ-
ȉȐȕȍ
ǩȘȖȌȧȚ ȓȦȌȐ
ǴȈȘȐȐ ǰȊȈȕȖȊȕȍ ǿȐȓȐȒȐȕȖȑ — ȌȈȕȤ țȊȈȎȍȕȐȧ Ȏȍȕȍ ȐȏȌȈȚȍȓȧ Ȓȕ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚȈ
Ȑ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȤȞȈ ȞȍȓȖȋȖ ȘȧȌȈ ȋȈȏȍȚ ©ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ǲȐȚȈȧª Ǫ Ǩ ǿȐȓȐȒȐȕȈ (1892 –?),
ȊȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ Ȋ -ȍ ȋȋ ȕȈ ȗȘȖșȖȊȍȚșȒȐȍ ȗȖȏȐȞȐȐ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ
ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȞȈ
ǹǺǰǽǶǺǪǶǸǭǵǰȇ
ǰǯ ǨǸǽǰǪǶǪ ǰ ǷǭǸǰǶǬǰǲǰ
ǿȐșȓȖ șȍȔȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ
ǫȐȔȕȈȏȐȟȍșȒȖȍ șȚȐȝ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ǫȘȍȉȍȕȦȒȖȊȈ 

342
ǲ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȈȔ ȒȘȈșȕȖȋȊȈȘȌȍȑȞȍȊ...
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȖȒȍȈȕ  ȹ -8.
Ǫ șȚȐȝ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȣ ȒȘȈșȕȖȋȊȈȘȌȍȑȞȍȊ ȗȖȋȐȉȠȐȝ  ȐȦȕȧ  ȋ
Ȋ șȚȖȓȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȧȝ ș ȟȈșȚȧȔȐ ǿȍȝȖșȓȖȊȈȞȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȗțșȈ șȊȍȘȋȕțȊȠȐȔȐ ȊȓȈșȚȤ
ǹȖȊȍȚȖȊ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ǨȌȘȍșȈȚ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȐȧ ǲ Ǩ ǹțȝȈȕȖȊ -1918) — șȣȕ șȚȈȚ-
șȒȖȋȖ șȖȊȍȚȕȐȒȈ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȍȘ ȓȐȌȍȘ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȊȐȒȖȊ ȊȖ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒȍ ȗȘȍȌșȍ-
ȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȐșȗȖȓȒȖȔȈ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒșȒȖȋȖ ǹȖȊȍȚȈ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ Ȑ șȖȓȌȈȚșȒȐȝ ȌȍȗțȚȈȚȖȊ ǷȖ
ȕȍȒ ǹȊȍȌȍȕȐȧȔ ȉȣȊȈȓ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ț ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȣȝ ǷȖșȓȍ ȊȣșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ȟȍȝȖșȓȖȊȈȞȒȐȝ
ȟȈșȚȍȑ ȉȣȓ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȕ ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕ ȗȖ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȐȦ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ȉȣȓ Ȋȣȗțȡȍȕ
Ȑȏ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ Ȍȓȧ ȊȣșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȔȐȚȐȕȋȍ șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ șȖȊȍȚșȒȐȔ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȈȔ
ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȊȠȍȑșȧ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ șșȣȓȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȌȈȕȕȖȍ ȐȔ
ȟȍȝȖșȓȖȊȈȒȈȔ ȟȍșȚȕȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ ǹȖȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȓȈȋȍȘȍ  ȕȖȧȉȘȧ  ȋ ȉȣȓ
ȏȈșȚȘȍȓȍȕ ©ȗȘȐ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȍ Ȓ ȉȍȋșȚȊțª ǷȖ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȍȕȐȦ ȉȘȈȚȈ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ ǫȍȖȘȋȐȧ
ȗȖȥȚ ȟȐȚȈȓ ȥȚȖ șȚȐȝ Ȋ ǵȈȘȖȌȕȖȔ ǬȖȔȍ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȊȣȕțȎȌȍȕ ȉȣȓ șȒȘȣȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ
ȟȍȘȌȈȒȍ ȌȖȔȈ ȖȚȞȈ Ȑ ȕȈ ȌȈȟȍ ǫȘȍȉȍȕȦȒȖȊȈ 1998: 219-220).
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȋȈȠȍȕȣ ȖȋȕȐ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ  ȹ   ȜȍȊȘ
ǰȏ ȞȐȒȓȈ ©ǸțșȤ — ȒȘȖȊȤ ȔȖȧª
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ  ȹ   ȜȍȊȘ
ǲ ȞȊȍȚȈȔ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ ȹ , 26 ȜȍȊȘ
ǲȈȒ ȝȓȍȉ — ǴȈȘȐȧ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǳȍȓȤ  ȹ   ȕȖȧȉȘȧ
Ǫȍȟȕȣȑ ȝȖȓȖȌ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȅȝȖ  ȹ   ȔȈȘȚȈ Ȋ șȖșȚȈȊȍ ȗțȉȓ ©ǲȖȕȒțȘș ȗȖȥȚȖȊ ǷȧȚȕȐ-
ȞȈ ǳȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖ-ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈª ǵȈ ȊȍȟȍȘȍ ǳXO  ȔȈȘȚȈ șȚȐȝ

343
ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȖ -Ȧ ȗȘȍȔȐȦ Ȋ ȒȖȕȒțȘșȍ ȕȈ ȏȈȌȈȕȕțȦ ȚȍȔț ǶȚȟȍȚ Ȗ ȊȍȟȍȘȍ șȔ >ǩ ȗ@
ǲȖȕȒțȘș ȗȖȥȚȖȊ ȅȝȖ  ȹ   ȔȈȘȚȈ ǹ 
ǯȊȍȏȌȕȈȧ ȖȉȕȖȊȒȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ Ȋ ȥȜȍȔȍȘȕȖȔ ȐȏȌ ȗȖȌ ȘȍȌ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ ǰșȒțșșȚȊȖ ǪȍșȚȕȐȒ șȚțȌȐȐ ©ǴțȌ-
ȘȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȖª ǩ Ȋ Ȍ [ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ -1920].
ǹȓȖȊȖ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǳȍȓȤ.  ȹ   ȌȍȒ
ǺȈȕȒȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǳȍȓȤ  ȹ   ȌȍȒ
ǺȊȖȘȐȚȍȓȤ ȡȍȌȘȣȑ Ȑ ȕȈȌȔȍȕȕȣȑ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǵȍȌȍȓȧ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ  ȹ   ȧȕȊ
ǿȍȘȕȈȧ ȚȡȍȚȈ
ǨȘȝȐȊ ǵ ǵ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȈ-ǩȖȌȘȖȋȖ ǽǲǴ Ǽ  Ȗȗ  Ȍ  ȓ  Ȓȗ
12782.
ǨȓȤ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǩȐȘȦȟ  ȔȈȘȚ
ǰȏ ȞȐȒȓȈ — ©ǸțșȤ — ȒȘȖȊȤ ȔȖȧª ǿȍȘȕȖȊȣȍ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȐ ȗȖȥȔȣ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǺȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȖ  ȹ  ȐȦȕȤ
ǹȒȖȘȉȕȣȍ ȒȖȘȕȐ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǺȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȖ  ȹ  ȐȦȓȤ ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȗțȚȐ ǴȈȘȚȈ Ȑ ȜțȚțȘȐșȚȖȊ ȘȈ-

344
ȏȖȠȓȐșȤ Ȑ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȔ ȈȊȋțșȚȖȊșȒȖȔ ȕȖȔȍȘȍ ȎțȘȕ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈȗȈȌȒȐ ȕȈ
ǴȈȘȚȈ ȘȍȞȍȕȏȐȧ ǿțȎȈȒȈ-ǵȈșȐȔȖȊȐȟȈ ȕȈ ©ǺȐȋȘȖȊȤȐ ȟȈȘȣª șȔ ȊȣȠȍ Ȑ ȏȈ-
ȔȍȚȒȈ ©ǰșȒțșșȚȊȖ ȕȈ Ǭ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ ǪȣșȚȈȊȒȈ ȒȈȘȚȐȕª ș -55).
ǵȖȊȣȑ ȋȖȌ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǯȈȘȧ ǽȈȘȉȐȕ   ȌȍȒ.
ȇȏȊȣ ȕȈ șȓȖȊȍ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǯȈȘȧ ǽȈȘȉȐȕ   ȐȦȓȧ
ǵȈ ȍȊȈȕȋȍȓȤșȒȐȍ ȔȖȚȐȊȣ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘ ǽȈȘȉȐȕ  ȹ  ǹȚȐȝ ȉȣȓȖ Ȗȗțȉ-
ȓȐȒȖȊȈȕȖ Ȋ ȎțȘȕ țȎȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȚȢȍȏȌȈ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ Ȑȏ ǽȈȘȉȐȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȤ ȍȋȖ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ț Ǽ ǲȈȔȣȠȕȦȒȈ ȐȓȐ ȘȍȌȈȒȚȖȘȈ ©ǬȈȓȤȕȍ-
ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘȈª Ǵ Ǿ ǹȗțȘȋȖȚȈ -1993).
ǹȖȉȓȈȏȕ
ǸǫǨǳǰ Ǽ  Ȗȗ  ȍȌ ȝȘ  ȓ 7-Ȉ
ǬȈȕȕȖȍ Ȑ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȍ ȌȈȓȍȍ șȚȐȝ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȊȠȐȍșȧ Ȋ ȉțȔȈȋȈȝ Ƿ Ǫ ǴȐȚțȘȐȟȈ —
ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ șȚȐȝȐ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ ǭșȓȐ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȗȐșȈȚȤ șȚȐȝȐ ȊȖ
ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȍ -30-ȝ ȋȋ Ȋșȍ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȒȖȕȜȐșȒȖȊȈȕȣ ȗȘȐ ȖȉȣșȒȍ Ȑ
ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȍȕȣ șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȒȈȔȐ ǵǲǪǬ
ǪȖ ȊșȍțȏȕȈȦȡȍȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȍ
ǸǫǨǳǰ Ǽ  Ȗȗ  ȍȌ ȝȘ  ȓ 1-3.
ǨȌȘȍșȈȚȣ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȐȧ — ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ ȚȍȖȘȍȚȐȒ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȍȓȤ Ƿ Ǫ
ǴȐȚțȘȐȟ - Ȋ -ȝ ȋȋ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȑ ȌȘțȋ Ǫ ǽȓȍȉȕȐȒȖȊȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȎȍȕȈ
ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȞȈ șȍșȚȘȈ Ǫ ǽȓȍȉȕȐȒȖȊȈ Ǫ Ǫ ǽȓȍȉȕȐȒȖȊȈ-ǴȐȚțȘȐȟ - ǷȖ-
ȔȐȔȖ ȋȖȘșȚȒȐ șȚȐȝȖȊ Ȋ ȈȘȝȐȊȍ Ƿ Ǫ ǴȐȚțȘȐȟȈ Ȋ ǸǫǨǳǰ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȐșȍȔ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚȈ
Ǫ et pivo — ȗȖȔȍȚȒȈ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȍȚ ©ȊȖȌȒȈ Ȑ ȗȐȊȖª

345
ǯȈȋȘȖȉȤȍ țȚȊȍȘȌȐȚȤ — ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȟȐȚȈȚȤșȧ ©ȏȈȋȘȖȉȤȧª
ǷȘȍȌȖșȚȍȘȍȎȍȕȐȍ
ǸǫǨǳǰ Ǽ  Ȗȗ  ȍȌ ȝȘ  ȓ 4.
ǼǨǰǵ ǰǯǩǸǨǵǵȃǭ ǹǺǰǽǶǺǪǶǸǭǵǰȇ
ǰȏ ȈȓȤȉȖȔȈ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȈ Ǭ  ǳȍȓȤ  ȹ   ȌȍȒ
ǷȖȝȖȘȖȕȣ  ǳȍȓȤ  ȹ   ȌȍȒ
ǨȌȖȊȣ ȌȊȍȘȐ  ǳȍȓȤ  ȹ   ȌȍȒ ǷȍȘȊȖȍ șȓ Ȋ ȌȖșȚțȗȕȖȔ ȕȈȔ ȥȒȏ ȕȍ-
ȟȐȚȈȍȔȖ
ǴȖȧ șȔȍȘȚȤ Ƿțȉȓ ȗȖ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȐ ǽǲǴ
ǩȐȉȓȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȧ
ǨȋȈȗȖȊ Ȑ ȌȘ  — ǨȋȈȗȖȊ Ǫ ǳ ǷȘțȌȒȖȋȓȧȌ Ǻ Ǫ ǩțȚȣȘȐȕ Ǭ Ǩ ǵȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ
ǵ Ƿ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊ ǰȏ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȊȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒșȒȖȑ ©ȎȍȓȚȖȑ ȗȘȍșșȣª ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ǽǽ ȊȍȒȈ 
ǩȣȓȣȍ ȋȖȌȣ  Ǻ  Ǫȣȗ  ǹ -421.
ǨȓȣȔȖȊ  — ǨȓȣȔȖȊ ǹ ǲȐȖșȒ ȕȍȎȕȖșȚȐ ǹȚȐȝȐ ǩ. Ȕ.: Salamandra P.V.V.,
2015.
ǨșȍȍȊ  — ǨșȍȍȊ ǵ ǶȒȚȧȉȘȤ ȕȈ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȔ  ǵȖȊȣȑ ǳȍȜ  ȹ - ǹ -49.
ǨșȍȍȊȈ  — ǨșȍȍȊȈ ǲ Ǵ ǰȏ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȑ  ǪȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧ Ȗ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȍ Ǩșȍȍ-
Ȋȍ Ǵ  ǹ -34.
ǪȐȚȒȖȊșȒȐȑ  — ǪȐȚȒȖȊșȒȐȑ ǭ ǹȖșȚȖȧȊȠȐȑșȧ ȥȔȐȋȘȈȕȚ  Ǫ Ȓȕ ǭȓȈȋȐȕ ǰ
ǹȖȉȘ șȖȟ Ȋ ȌȊțȝ ȚȖȔȈȝ Ǻ  ǹȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ Ǵ  ǹ -40.
ǫȘȍȉȍȕȦȒȖȊȈ  — ǫȘȍȉȍȕȦȒȖȊȈ ǵ ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ǴȈȘȚ ǷȘȖȟȐȚȈȑ ȒȈȒ ȉȣȓ ȐȏȢȧȚ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȑȏ ȎȐȏȕȐ  ǸțȉȍȎ ǺȐȝȖȖȒȍȈȕșȒȐȑ ȈȓȤȔȈȕȈȝ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ. 1998. ȹ 3.
ǹ 217-230.
ǬȍȓȖ  — ǵǲǪǬ ǻȒȘȈȐȕșȒȖȑ ǹǹǸ ǬȍȓȖ ȹ  ȗȖ ȖȉȊȐȕȍȕȐȦ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȈ
ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȍȊȐȟȈ ȗȖ șȚ - ȗ ©ȉª ǻǲ ȖȚ  ȐȦȕȧ  ǾǬǨǫǶ ǲȐȍȊ

346
ǭȊȚțȠȍȕȒȖ  — ǭȊȚțȠȍȕȒȖ Ǫ Ƿ ǬȘȍȊȖ ȗȓȖȌȖȕȖșȧȡȍȍ ǩȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȧ țȕȐ-
ȒȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖȑ ȌȐȕȈșȚȐȐ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȣȝ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ 
ǯȈȉȐȧȒȖ ǳȍȊȟȍȕȒȖ  — ǯȈȉȐȧȒȖ Ǩ Ǩ ǳȍȊȟȍȕȒȖ Ǩ Ǩ ǽțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȥȚȕȖ-
ȋȘȈȜȐȧ ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȈ ǴȈȘȚȈ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ  ǫțȔȈȕȐȚȈȘȕȣȍ ȐșșȓȍȌȖ-
ȊȈȕȐȧ Ȋ ǪȖșȚȖȟȕȖȑ CȐȉȐȘȐ Ȑ ȕȈ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȔ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ  ȹ   ǹ -165.
ǯȐȓȤȗȍȘȚ  — ǯȐȓȤȗȍȘȚ ǩ ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȌȊțȝȥȚȈȎȕȣȑ ȌȖȔȐȒ ǳȐșȚȒȐ Ȑȏ ȌȕȍȊ-
ȕȐȒȈ  ǲȘȈșȕȈȧ ȕȖȊȤ  ȹ  ȈȗȘȍȓȤ ǹ -199.
ǯȌȖȉȕȖȊ  — ǯȌȖȉȕȖȊ ǵ Ǫ ǴȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȣ Ȍȓȧ șȐȉȐȘșȒȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȈȘȧ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȍȑ:
ǷȘȍȌȊȈȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ șȗȐșȖȒ ȗȖȥȚȖȊ ȉȍȓȓȍȚȘȐșȚȖȊ ȌȘȈȔȈȚțȘȋȖȊ Ȑ ȒȘȐȚȐȒȖȊ
Ǵ 
ǰȊȈȠȒȍȊȐȟ  — ǰ-ȟ [ǰȊȈȠȒȍȊȐȟ ǩ Ǩ.]. ǷȐșȈȚȍȓȐ țȟȍȕȣȍ Ȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚȣ ȕȈ
ǬȈȓȤȕȍȔ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ ȏȈ - ȋȋ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ 
ǲȈȚȍȘȐȕȐȟ  — ǲȈȚȍȘȐȕȐȟ Ǫ ǼțȚțȘȐșȚȣ ȕȈ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȔ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ ǪȏȋȓȧȌ Ȑȏ
ȕȈȟȈȓȈ XXI ȊȍȒȈ  ǹȓȖȊȍșȕȐȞȈ ȐșȒțșșȚȊ  ȹ  ǹ -39.
ǲȐȘȐȓȓȖȊȈ  — ǲȐȘȐȓȓȖȊȈ ǭ Ƕ ǯȈȉȣȚȣȍ ȐȔȍȕȈ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȗȖȥ-
ȏȐȐ: ǼȍȌȖȘ ǲȈȔȣȠȕȦȒ  ǳȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȈ Ȑ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȈ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȋȖ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ Ȑ ǪȖș-
ȚȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȘțȉȍȎȤȧ <…! ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ  ǹ -110.
ǲȐȘȐȓȓȖȊȈ  — ǲȐȘȐȓȓȖȊȈ ǭ Ƕ ǽțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȖȔȔțȕȐȒȈȞȐȐ Ȋ șȖȞȐȖ-
ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ ǺȐȝȖȖȒȍȈȕșȒȖȑ ǸȖșșȐȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȐ ǽǽ Ȋ ȕȈ
ȗȘȐȔȍȘȍ ȗȖȥȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȈ ǫȈȊȘȐȐȓȈ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȈ  ǬȐȈȓȖȋ ȒțȓȤȚțȘ ǺȐ-
ȝȖȖȒȍȈȕșȒȖȑ ǸȖșșȐȐ ǴȍȎȥȚȕȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȔȍȎȋȘțȗȗȖȊȣȍ ȔȍȎȓȐȟȕȖșȚȕȣȍ ȒȖȔȔț-
ȕȐȒȈȞȐȐ ǹȉ ȕȈțȟȕȣȝ șȚȈȚȍȑ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ  ǹ -248.
ǲȘțșȈȕȖȊ  — ǲȘțșȈȕȖȊ Ǩ Ǫ ǸțșșȒȐȑ ȈȊȈȕȋȈȘȌ - ǰșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ
ȖȉȏȖȘ Ǻ  ǼțȚțȘȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȧ - ǲȕ  Ǵ 
ǳȍșȔȈȕ  — ǲȕȐȋȐ Ȑ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȐ Ȋ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȐ Ǵ ǹ ǳȍșȔȈȕȈ ǨȕȕȖȚȐȘȖȊȈȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȒȈȚȈȓȖȋ ǷțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȐ Ǵ 
ǴȈȓȐȕȖȊșȒȐȑ 2: ǴȈȓȐȕȖȊșȒȐȑ Ǫ ǩȍȓȈȧ ȝȈȋȐ  ǻȚȘȖ ǸȖșșȐȐ  ȹ 
  ȔȈȧ
ǴȈȘȚ  — ǴȈȘȚ Ǫ ǹȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȍ ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȍ ȗȖȥȚȣ ǰȏ ȚȖȒȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȕȖȟ-
ȕȐȒȈ
  ǷȘȐȘȖȌȈ Ȑ ȓȦȌȐ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȋȖ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ  ȹ -28.
ǹ -6.
ǴȈȘȚ  — ǴȈȘȚ Ǫ ȇȗȖȕșȒȈȧ ȗȖȥȚȍșșȈ ǰȖșȈȕȖ ǨȒȐȒȖ  ȅȝȖ  ȹ , 3
ȐȦȕȧ ǹ 
ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊ  — ǵȍșȔȍȓȖȊ Ǩ Ƕ șȍȉȍ Ȑ Ȗ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒȍ ǪȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧ 
ǸțȉȍȎ ǺȐȝȖȖȒȍȈȕșȒȐȑ ȈȓȤȔȈȕȈȝ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ  ȹ  ǹ 227-237.

ǶȒȕȖ  — >ǩ ȗ@ ǵȖȊȈȧ ȒȕȐȋȈ  ǶȒȕȖ ǽȈȘȉȐȕ  ȹ  ȕȖȧȉȘȤ ǹ 
ǷȖȥȏȐȧ  — ǸțșșȒȈȧ ȗȖȥȏȐȧ ǲȐȚȈȧ ǹȖșȚ Ǫ ǲȘȍȑȌ Ƕ ǩȈȒȐȟ Ǵ 
ǹțȓȍȑȔȍȕȖȊȈ  — ǹțȓȍȑȔȍȕȖȊȈ Ǩ Ǵ ǷȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȒȐ șțȌȍȉ ǸțșșȒȐȍ ȗȖȥȚȣ Ȋ
ȇȗȖȕȐȐ Ȑ ȧȗȖȕșȒȐȍ ȗȖȥȚȣ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ  ǰȏȊȍșȚȐȧ ǪȖșȚȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚȈ 2007.
ȹ  ǹ -151.
ǺțȘȟȐȕșȒȈȧ  — ǺțȘȟȐȕșȒȈȧ ǭ ǨȊȈȕȋȈȘȌ ȕȈ ǬȈȓȤȕȍȔ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ ©ǯȍȓȍȕȈȧ
ȒȖȠȒȈª ǩțȘȓȦȒ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ǹǷȉ 
ǽȐșȈȔțȚȌȐȕȖȊ  — ǽȐșȈȔțȚȌȐȕȖȊ Ǩ Ǩ ǸțșșȒȐȍ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚȖȘȣ-ȥȔȐȋȘȈȕȚȣ
Ȋ ǲȐȚȈȍ ǴȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȣ Ȓ șȓȖȊȈȘȦ -ȧ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȈ ǽǽ Ȋ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ 
ǽȐșȈȔțȚȌȐȕȖȊ Ȉ — ǽȐșȈȔțȚȌȐȕȖȊ Ǩ Ǩ ȇȗȖȕȍȞ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ:
ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊ ǪȓȈȌȐȊȖșȚȖȒ 
ǽȐȧȔȈ Ȑ ǴȖȘȋțȕ  — ǽȐȧȔȈ ǹ ǴȖȘȋțȕ ǯ ǮȐȏȕȤ ǵ Ƿ ǴȈȚȊȍȍȊȈ Ȋ ȥȔȐȋ-
ȘȈȞȐȐ Ȋ ȇȗȖȕȐȐ  ǰȏȊȍșȚȐȧ ǪȖșȚȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚȈ ǬǪǫǪǻ  ǹȗȍȞȊȣ-
ȗțșȒ ȇȗȖȕȐȧ ǹ -231.
ǽȖȘȐȥ  — ǽȖȘȐȥ ǽ Ƕ ǹȍȘȋȐȑ ǩțȓȋȈȒȖȊ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȟȐȒ ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȋȖ ȐȏȌȈ-
ȕȐȧ ©ǼȐȓȖșȖȜȐȐ ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȈª  ǰșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȗȖ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐ
ǭȎȍȋȖȌȕȐȒ  [7]. Ǵ  ǹ -367.
ǿțȎȈȒ  — Ǭ<ȐȓȍȚȈȕ>Ț [ǿțȎȈȒ-ǵȈșȐȔȖȊȐȟ ǵ Ǽ]. ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚ ǴȈȘȚ ǺȐȋ-
ȘȖȊȤȐ ȟȈȘȣ ǸȈșșȒȈȏȣ  ǺȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȖ  ȹ  ȈȊȋțșȚ ǹ 
ȀȈȖȝțȈ 2001 — ȀȈȖȝțȈ Ǭ ǳȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȈ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȏȈȘțȉȍȎȤȧ Ȋ ǲȐȚȈȍ Ȋ ȋ ǽȈȘ-
ȉȐȕȍ Ȑ ȀȈȕȝȈȍ ǩȐȉȓȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȧ ǹȗȐșȖȒ ȒȕȐȋ Ȑ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȑ Ȋ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȐȟȍș-
ȒȐȝ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧȝ ǽȈȘȉȐȕ 
ȆȓȤșȒȐȑ 2011 — ȆȓȤșȒȐȑ ǩ ǯȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȓȍȋȐȖȕ ǷȖȊȍșȚȤ Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ ǪȓȈȌȐ-
ȊȖșȚȖȒ 

ǼǱǹǮǰǹǳǻǶǳ
ǶȚ ȐȏȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ
7
ǹ ǨȓȣȔȖȊ ǷȘȈȊȕțȒ ǪȐȓȓȖȕȈ Ƕ ǪȍȕȍȌȐȒȚȍ ǴȈȘȚȍ
8
ǷȖȘȣȊȣ
12
ǷȍșȍȕȞȣ
46
ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ȌȖȔ
67
ǸțșȤ — ȒȘȖȊȤ ȔȖȧ
95
ǼȈȐȕ [Ǫ ǴȈȘȚ ǫ ȅȓȤȜ]
112
ǴȈȘȚȍȓȐȐ
148
ǰȏțȔȘțȌȕȣȍ ȟȍȘȊȐ
158
ǳȍȗȍșȚȒȐ șȈȒțȘȣ [ǩȍȏȍ Ǫ ǴȈȘȚ]
167
ǹȚȘȖȒȐ
191
ǺȐȋȘȖȊȤȐ ȟȈȘȣ
201
ǺȘȐ șȖȓȕȞȈ
214
ǸȖșșȐȧ ȉȍȏ ©Ȃª
218
ǻȒȘȈȌȍȕȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤ
234
ǷȍșȍȕȞȣ ǽȈȑ-ȠȐȕ-Ȋȍȑ ǲȐȚȈȑșȒȐȍ ȥȚȦȌȣ
241
ǵȈ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȣȝ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȒȈȝ ȗȘȐȟțȌȣ
256
ǳțȕȈ
266
ǹǺǰǽǶǺǪǶǸǭǵǰȇ ǰǯ ǨǸǽǰǪǶǪ ǰ ǷǭǸǰǶǬǰǲǰ
ǿȐșȓȖ șȍȔȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ
280

ǲ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȈȔ ȒȘȈșȕȖȋȊȈȘȌȍȑȞȍȊ
281
ǲȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȋȈȠȍȕȣ ȖȋȕȐ
283
ǰȏ ȞȐȒȓȈ ©ǸțșȤ — ȒȘȖȊȤ ȔȖȧª
284
ǲ ȞȊȍȚȈȔ
285
ǲȈȒ ȝȓȍȉ — ǴȈȘȐȧ
286
Ǫȍȟȕȣȑ ȝȖȓȖȌ
288
ǯȊȍȏȌȕȈȧ ȖȉȕȖȊȒȈ
289
ǹȓȖȊȖ
292
ǺȈȕȒȐ
296
ǺȊȖȘȐȚȍȓȤ ȡȍȌȘȣȑ Ȑ ȕȈȌȔȍȕȕȣȑ
297
ǿȍȘȕȈȧ ȚȡȍȚȈ
298
ǨȓȤ
302
ǿȍȘȕȖȊȣȍ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȐ ȗȖȥȔȣ ©ǫȖȓȖș ȚȖȗȖȘȈª
303
ǹȒȖȘȉȕȣȍ ȒȖȘȕȐ
305
ǵȖȊȣȑ ȋȖȌ
306
ȇȏȊȣ ȕȈ șȓȖȊȍ
307
ǵȈ ȍȊȈȕȋȍȓȤșȒȐȍ ȔȖȚȐȊȣ
308
ǹȖȉȓȈȏȕ
309
ǪȖ ȊșȍțȏȕȈȦȡȍȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȍ
311
ǷȘȍȌȖșȚȍȘȍȎȍȕȐȍ
314
ǷȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ǼȈȐȕ ǰȏȉȘȈȕȕȣȍ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ
315
ǲȖȔȔȍȕȚȈȘȐȐ
320

ǵȈșȚȖȧȡȈȧ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȧ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌțȍȚ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȖ-ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȞȍȓȐ
Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȈ Ȍȓȧ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȓȐȉȖ ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȊȖșȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ
ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕȐȧ ȐȏȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȉȣȓȐ Ȑ Ț ȗ