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Автор: Алексеев В.П.
Теги: антропология этнография археология этногенез
ISBN: 5-02-009932-5
Год: 1989
Текст
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10
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COBpeMeHlIaH alITpOnOJIOrHqeCKaH C'beMKa TeppIITopHH HpJIalI)J;HII, pe3YJIbTa-
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11
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llpHlIa;n;JIeiRIIOCTH, qTO HBJIHeTCH CJIe;n;CTBHeM HecoBna)JelIJIH pacbI H H3hIRa.
IIQ3,,:!,Q¥Y, fI'.IW0r.eIl. TIIqeCRIIe, ,'IICCJIerrOBaFlHH (1). 8IIreJIbCa HMeIOT 3IIaqJfTeJIb-
HpIM j !T;eQIW'q -q,epRIfij; >; IITepef:; n 13 3TOH Crrel(HaJIblIOn 06JIaCTH HCTOpHqeCKOH
IlfITpqnOi[r9};'IpiI;.! ..'u...."u.j,.'ljfii' '-' L
12
* * *
Pe3IOlIfHPYH BCe H3JIOmeHHOe, lIfbI lIfOmeM CKa3aTb, qTO He TOJIbKO «)];HaJIeK-
THKa rrpHpO;IJ;bI» CD. 3IIreJIbCa II B rrepBYIO Oqepe)J;b cpparllfeHT ee «POJIb TPY-
p;a B npo:qecce npeBpam;eHHH 06e3bHIIbI B qeJIOBeKa», HeO)J;IIORpaTIIO rrpH-
BJIeRaBrrmn BIIHlIfaHHe aHTpOrrOJIOrOB, HO H «Hellfe:qKaH Hp;eOJIOrHH», HarrHcaH-
IIaH CD. 3IIreJIbCOM COBMeCTHO C K. MapRCOM, a TaRme 3TIIoreHeTHqeCKHe
TPygbI CD. 3IIreJIbCa cO)J;epmaT lIfHOmeCTBO H)J;en:, rrpep;CTaBJImom;Hx 3IIaqJ:J-
TeJIbHyIO :qeIIIIOCTb )J;JIH pa3pa60TRH MeTO)J;OJIOrHqeCKHX OCHOB alITpOrrOJIOrIIqe-
CKon HayEH. BKJIap; CD. 3IIreJIbCa B nOCTpoeHHe TeopHII aHTpOrrOJIOrHH He
HCqepnbIBaeTCH 6eccnopHOH II 06m;errpH3HalIHon 3aCJIyrOll: C03)J;aHHH TpYP;OBon
TeopIIH alITponoreHe3a, HO COCTOHT TaKme B yCTaHOBJIeSHH KOIITypOB H B3a-
HMlIhIX rpalIHl( 6HOJIOrHqeCRHX H COl(HaJIbHbIX 3aKOHOB B HCTOpHH 06m;eCTBa
H B pa3pa60TKe nYTeH HCrrOJIb30BaHHH pe3YJIbTaTOB aHTpOnOJIOrHqeCKIIX HC-
CJIe)J;OBaHHn B KaqeCTBe HCTOqHHKa 3THorelIeTHqeCRon: H, B 60JIee illHpOROM
CMhICJIe CJIOBa, HCTOpHqeCKon: HHcpopllfan;HH.
1 MapKC K., lht8eJ/,bC t!J. CO'I. 2-e HS)];. T. 3. C. 19.
2 TaM 1Ke. T. 23. C. 521.
3 TaM 1Ke. T. 3. C. 19. BTOpaH <I>pasa IIpHBe)];ennOD: JJ;HTaTbI B pyxonHCH BnreJIbCa nepe-
'1epKHYTa.
, TaM 1Ke. C. 29.
5 CM., nalIp.: Dobzhansky T. The present evolution of man II Sei. Amer. 1960. Septem-
ber; Idem. Mankind evolving. The evolution of the species. New Haven; L., 1962.
6 Wiercinsky A. Zagadnienie tempa ewoljucji cech kraniometrycznych u Hominidae II
Kosmos A (PRL). 1956. Rok. 5. S. 4; Bo.n..fl1iCKuii H. HeKoTopbIe IIp06JIeMbI MeXanJISMa
II cPaKTopoB 3BOJIIOl\1II1 '1eJIOBeKa II BOllp. aHTpOIIOJIOrIIH. 1957. oM 6; Idem. Przebieg i
ewolucji czlowieka II Kosmos A (PRL). 1957. Rok. 6. S. 4. <
7 BlIepBbIe, HaCKOJIbKO MHe 1I3BeCTHO, Ha 3TO YKaSaJI .fl. .fl. POrHnCKlID:. CM.: Poem".
CKuii H. H. BbICTYIIJIeHlIe Ha cOBelJJ;aHHII, nOCBHlJJ;eHHOM np06JIeMe IIpOHCX01K)];enHH
Homo sapiens II RpaT. co061JJ;. I1H-Ta 3THorpacPIIII AH CCCP. 1950. BbIII. 9.
8 CM. 00 3TOM: A.n.eKceeB B. A. HeKOTopbIe IIp06JIeMbI anTponorenesa II BOllp. cPHJIOCO-
cPmL 1959. oM 11.
9 O;(llH 1I3 0630pOB: Vogel F. Anthropological implication of the relationship between
ABO blood groups and infections II Proc. VIII Intern. Congr. Anthropol. and Ethnol.
Sci. Tokyo, 1968. Vol. 1.
10 C1>L, HalIp.: 9if;poUMC01i B. n. "YlIpaBJIHIOlJJ;lIe MexaHIISMbI BOSHIIKnOBeHHH aHTIITeJI B
CBeTe p;aHHbIX reHeTIIKH IIMMYHIITeTa H 61I0XIIMHH anOMaJIbHbIX reMorJI06lIHOB 'IeJIO-
BeKa II Ilp06JIeMbI KlI6epHeTIIKlI. M., 1961. BbIII. 6.
11 0630P j:\aHHbIX II rlIlIOTes CM.: 9if;poUMC01i B. n. BBej:\enHe B Mej:\Hl\HnCKYIO reHeTlIKY.
M., 1968.
12 IlepBbIll na6poCOK TeoplIlI CM.: mMa.n.b8ayae1i H. H. CTaOHJIII3HPYIOIJJ;IID: OT60p II ero
MecTO cpep:1I cPaKTopoB 3BOJIIOl\1I1I II J!\YPH. 061JJ;. OIIOJIOrlIlI. 1941. T. 2, J\l'g 3. IloJIHoe
HSJI01KeHlIe CM. B KH.: mMa.n.b8ayae1i H. H. (l>aKTopbI 3BOJIIOl\HH (TeopHH cTa6HJIJISH-
pyrolJJ;ero oT60pa). M.; JI., 1946; 2-e HSp:. M., 1968.
13 CJ\i., Harrp.: runa6ype B. B. 8HreJIbC II aHTpOrrOJIOrlI1! II IlplIpo,I1a. 1946. oM 4.
1 MapKc K., 91i8e.n.bc (fl. CO'l. 2-e HSp:. T. 20. C. 486.
15 Ta:\I 1K". C. 490.
16 Ilop:p06Hee 06 3TOM CM.: A.n.eKceee B. n. BOSHIIKHoBeHHe 'IeJIOBeKa H 061JJ;eCTBa II Ilep-
B06bITHoe 06IJJ;eCTBo. M., 1975.
17 Mapnc K., 91i8e.n.bc (fl. CO'l. 2-e IISp:. T. 20. C. 488-490.
18 TaM 1Ke. T. 34. C. 138.
19 EMy 1I0CBHIJJ;eHa orpOMHaH JIHTepaTypa. Op:IIH HS nOJIHbIX 06S0POB: Brain C. Some as-
pects of the South african australopithecines sites and their bone accumulations II Ear-
ly hominids of Africa. N. Y., 1978.
20 06sop p:aHHbIX H rlIlIOTes CM.:. (flaiin6ep8 JI. A. "Y HCTOKOB COl\lIoreHesa. OT CTap:a
06e3bHH K 06IqIIHe p;peBHllX JIIO;J:elI. M., 1980.
21 CM., nalIp: BY1iaK B. B. IlpoHcxo1K,I1eHHe pe'IH 110 p:aHHbIM aHTpOnOJIOrlIII 1/ IlPOIICX01K-
,I1enHe '1eJIOBeKa II p:peBnee paCCeJIeHHe '1eJIOBe'leCTBa. M., 1951. (Tp. I1n-Ta 3THorpa-
cPHJI AH CCCP. H. C.; T. 16); On 3/Ce. Pe'lb II IInTeJIJIeKT, CTa,I{JIJI IIX pasBHTIDI B aHT-
1.3
ponoreHese II IiCRonaeMbIe rOMIIHHp:LI II npOlIcxo»\p:eHlIe 'leJIOBeRa. M., 1966. (Tp. IiH-
Ta 3THorpacPHII AH CCCP. H. C.; T. 92).
22 KO'leTIWBa B. H. 3BOJIIOl\IIH Mosra B CBHSII C nporpeCCOM MaTepHaJIbHoii: RYJIbTYPbI II
Y IICTOplIKOB '1eJlOBe'leCTBa. M., 1964; 01ia :!ICe. OCHOBHbIC 3TanbI 3BOJIIOl\IUl J\I03ra II
MaTeplIaJIbHOlI KYJIbTYPbI ):1peBHlIx JIIO):1eii: 1/ Borrp. aHTpOIIOJIOrlIlI. 1967. BbIlL 26. Teo-
peTIIQeCKOe YKa3aHne Ha 3aBllCIIMOCTb YCJI01KHeHIIH KOHCTPYKTlIBHbIX cPO pM HSbIKa OT
pa3BlITIIH TeXHIIKII CM.: A6aeB B. H. H3bIK KaK lI;']:eOJIOI'IIH II R3blI{ KaK TeXHIIKa II H3bIK
II J\lbIIIIJIeHne. 31., 1934. T. 2.
23 MapKc K., [)1iZeJ/,bC (fl. CO'l. 2-e IISp:. T. 20. C. 74.
2 CM., Hanp.: A.n,eKceee B. n. feorpacPHH 'leJIOBe'leCRIIX pac. M., 1974; Ou 3/Ce. feorpa-
cI»H'IeCRlle O'lam cPOpMlIpoBaHIIH 'leJIOBe'leCKHX pac. M., 1985.
25 rOXMa1i H. H. IIp06JIeMbi aHTponoreHesa B Tpyp:ax RJIaCCHROB MapRCHSMa H COBpeMeH-
HaH aHTpOIIOJIOrHH II Te3. p:OKJI. rO):1II'IHOlI HaY'!. cec. 31eHIIHrp. OTp:-HIIH I1H-Ta 3THO-
rpacP HH AH CCCP, Maii: 1968 r. 31., 1968.
26 MapKc K., [)UZMbC (fl. CO'l. 2-e IISp:. T. 16. C. 511.
27 Hooton A., Dupertius C. The physical anthropology of Ireland II Pap. Peabody Mus.
Archaeol. and ethnol. Cambridge (Mass.), 1955. Vol. 30.
28 K.n,eu1i JI. C. (DPHP:PHX 8HreJIbC RaR IICcn:ep:OBaTeJIb paHHerepMaHcRoro 06IT(eCTBa J!
COB. 3THOrpacPIIH. 1970. oM 5.
29 I1CTOplIIO npep:CTaBJIeHHii: 0 RJIIIMaTe '1eTBepTH'IHOrO nepHop:a, HSJI01KeHHYIO C pasHblx
nOSIIl\Hii:, CM.: nuf)On.n,U'lKO H. r. 0 JIep:HHRoBOM neplIop:e. RlIeB, 1946. BbIII. 1;
(fl.n,U1iT P. 31ep:HIIRII H lIaJIeoreorpacPHH nn:eii:cTOl\eHa. M., 1963.
30 06sop p:aHHbIX 0 cyOcTpaTHbIx HBJIeHHHX B HHp:oeBpolIeii:cKllx HSbIKax CM.: illumM.a-
pee B. (fl. O'lepKII 110 HCTOpHII H3LIROB I1CIIaHHII. M.; 31., 1941; reopeueB B. IiccJIep:o-
BaHHH no cpaBHIITeJIhHO-HCToplI'IeCRoMY HSbIROSHaHHIO. M., 1958; Hep081iaK B. n.
IIaJIeo6aJIRaHcRHe HSbIRH. M., 1978.
8i q e60KcapoB H. H. MOHrOJIOIIp;HbIe 3JIeMeHTLI B HaCeJIeHHH I.\eHTpaJIbHoii: EBpOIIbll/
MaTepHaJIbI 110 aHTpOIIOJIOrIrn BOCTo'lHoii: EBpOlIbI. M., 1941. (Y'IeH. sarr. MfY;
Bbill. 63).
32 MapKc K., [)1iZe.n,bc (fl. CO'l. 2-e HSp:. T. 19. C. 445-446.
AHTPOllOJIOfI1JI:
HEKOTOPbIE I1TOfM 11 llEPCllEKTMBbI
MCCJIE,l];OBAHMJ/t
P ACIDIIPEHIIE fP AHIII.\ HAYKII
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MalIHe IT CneUHaJIHCTOB, H pHAOBhIX "<II1TaTeJIeH, IIIITepecYIOm;IIXCH cpUJIococp-
CKHMII rrp06JIeMaMH MHp03)JaIIHH. IIIHpORO pacrrpocTpalIeHlIoe rrpe,Il;CTaBJIeHHe
06 alITponorelIe3e KaR 0 HaYRe, lIe HMeIOm;en nepcneKTHBbI (q. ;r:I,apBHH
;n;OKa3aJI npoIIcxom,Il;elIHe qeJIOBeKa OT 06e3hHlIhI, CD. 8IIreJIbC ,Il;OKa3aJI, qTO
0110 ocym;ecTBHJIOCb nOA BJIHHHHellf TpY,II;a, qTO me HCCJIep,OBaTb ;n;aJIbille?),
onpoBepraeTcH npocThIM cpaBlIelIIIeM RIIHrII ;r:I,apBHlIa «11 pOHCXOiR,II;eIIHe
qeJIOBeKa H nOJIOBOH OTOOp», H3;n;aHHon B 1871 1'., C JII060H COBpeMelI-
lIon RIIHroH Ha 3TY TeMY 1. Cpe)],II MIIOrOqHCJIeHlIbIX IICRonaeMhIX npHMaTOB
OTKphITbI cpOpMbI, IIaH60JIee 6JIII3KIIe K qeJIOBeRY, BbIHBJIelIbI 3TarrbI ero cpop-
MIIpOBaIIIIH, YCTalIOBJIelIa TOqlIaH XpOIIOJIOrIIH :::nHX :cnanOB, rrOJIyqelIhI CBe;n;e-
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no TeM HJIH IIlIbIM npHqHlIaM BbIMeprnHX, IIapHCOBalIa KapTHlIa cpaBIIHTeJIb-
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Be"<IeCRoro TeJIa, BCKphITbI )JBIImym;He CHJIbI H 3aKOlIOMeplIOCTH 8BOJIIOl(HH
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14
.,
J\eIIHH "<IeJIOBeKa nOCTOHlIlIO OCBem;aIOTCH lIe TOJIbRO B CTaTbHX, HO H B KIIH-
rax nonYJIHplIorO xapaKTepa. OIIH BhIXO,ll,HT C MaJIbIMII HHTepBaJIallUI H, KaR
npaBHJIO, qYTKO pearHpYIOT Ha IIOBbIe IIaXO;n;RH H H3MeHeHHH B TpaRTOBRe
'Toro HJIIi HlIoro Bonpoca.
Ha npOTHmelIIIH nOCJIe;n;IIHX 20 JIeT MbI 6blJIH CBH;n;eTeJIHMH Kap;n;HHaJIb-
Horo II3l\IelIe1IHH BO B3rJIH;n;aX IIa p;peBIIOCTb qeJIOBe"<IeCROrO pO,ll,a, npapop;HIIY
qeJIOBe"<IeCTBa II paulI He 3TanhI OqeJIOBeqeIIHH, CBH3alIIIoro C celIca:qHOlIlIhIMH
Haxo;n;KaMH B BOCTOqlIOH AcppHRe. ECJIH CqHTaTb HaqaJIOM nO,ll,JIIIIIIIO qeJIO-
Be eCKoro 06rqecTBa H3rOTOBJIeHHe OPy;n;HH Tpy;n;a, TO B03paCT eJIOBeqeCTBa
C 3TIIMH IIaXO,ll,KaMH YBeJIHqHJICH 60JIee qeM BTpoe. OCTalIRH HCKonaellfbIX
rrpe;n;ROB qeJIOBeKa, 06IIapYiRelIHbIe B AcppHKe, 3aCTaBHJIII HMelIlIO ee CqHTaTb
TeM ROIITHlIeIITOM, Ha ROTOpOM BnepBhIe npOH30IDJIO Bblp;eJIeHIIe qeJIOBeKa H3
iRIIBOTIIOro l\IIIpa. HaxoP;KH BblIIy;n;HJIH OTKa3aTbCH OT ROHl(en:qHH «M03rOBoro
py6HKOlIa», CorJIaCIIO ROTOpOH M03r HcnhITaJI 3IIaqHTeJIblIOe YBeJIIIqeHHe H
YCJIOmlIelIHe CBoeH CTPYRTyphI npH rrepeXO,ll,e R Tpy;n;OBOH ;n;eHTeJIbIIOCTII.
B !{aqeCTBe TaKoro «py6HKOlIa}) CJIymHJI 06'beM M03ra B 800 CM 3 . ORa3a-
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'COBpeMeHHoro qeJIOBeKa CMor nepeHTH K II3rOTOBJIelIHIO npocTeHrnIIx opy;n;HH,
yme 6ypyqH npHMOXO;n;HIIJ;HM cym;ecTBoM co cB060;n;IIon BepxlIeH ROlIeqIIOCTbIO,
C npOTHBonOCTaBJIHIOm;HMCfl 60JIbIDHM naJIb:qeM 2. HaMeTHJIaCb onpep;eJIelIlIaH
nOCJIep;OBaTeJIbIIOCTb B cpOpMIIpOBaHIIH TaR IIa3bIBaeMOH rOMHIIHp;IIOn TpHa;n;bI.
TeclIoe nepenJIeTelIHe alITpOnOJIOrHqeCKHX C nonYJIHl(IIOlIlIo-relIeTHqeCKII-
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CTBOBaJIO IIaKOnJIelIIIIO MlIomeCTBa cpaKTOB 0 caMOM aKTHBIIOM BJIHHIIHH mII3-
nenlIOH Cpe,ll,bI (reorpacpHqeCROH 060JIOqKH H 6HoccpepbI) IIa opralIH3l1f qeJIO-
BeKa H 0 pOJIH 3Toro BJIHHIIHH B paCOBon H nonYJIH:qHOHIIOH ;n;HcpcpepelIl(IIa-
l(IIII H p;IIlIaMHRe. AHTpOnOJIOrII BCKpbIJIH H npOCJIep;HJIH B p;eTaJIHX MlIorHe
MexalIH3MbI nOBe;n;eIIHH opraHII3Ma "<IeJIOBeKa B 3aBHCHMOCTII OT HaCJIep;CTBeH-
HbIX cpaKTopOB, eCTeCTBelIlIoro oT60pa, nonYJIHl(IIOIIIIOH CTPYRTypbI qeJIOBe-
qeCTBa II cpep;OBbIX B03;n;eHCTBHn. O)J;IIaRO BCH 3Ta rpOMa;n;IIaH no 06'beMY,
no pe3YJIbTaTaM II no 3IIaqelIHIO )JJIH CMeiRlIbIX ;n;IIC:qHnJIHII pa60Ta OCTaeTCH
MaJIOH3BeCTIIOH rnIIpOKIIM Kpyral\I qHTaTeJIeH-IIeCnel(HaJIHCTOB, TaK RaK olla
HOKa pe,D,KO OCBem;aeTCH IIa CTpalIH:qax norryJIHplIbIX H3;n;aIIHn, B03Mom1I0,
II3-3a IIeTpa;n;II:qHOIIIIOCTH TeMaTHKH H MaJIOH aKTIIBIIOCTH caMHX alITpo-
nOJIOrOB.
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.y "<IeJIOBeKa npornJIO 60JIee 20 JIeT, npemp;e qeM 6hIJIO OC03IIalI0 HCRJIIOqHTeJIb-
Hoe 3IIaqelIHe 3Toro OTKpblTIIH ;n;JIH aIITpOnOJIOrHH. B 1919 r. BbIrnJIa CTaTbH
JI. rHprncpeJIb,D,a 0 pa3JIIIQlIOH qaCTOTe rpynn KpOBII y pa3IIhIX Hapop;OB, qTO
nOCJIymIIJIO TOJIqKOM R pa3BHTIIlO aIITpOnOJIOrII"<IecKoII cepOJIOrIIH, 1I3yqaIOm;eH
pacnpep;eJIeHHe rpynn KpOBII y npep;cTaBIITeJIeH pa3HbIX pac H IIapO;n;OB.
rpynnbI KpOBH HlIorp;a IIa3bIBaIOT apHTpo:qIITaplIhIMH cpaRTopaMH KpOBH.
I1x XHMHqeCKaH CTpYKTypa ;n;o CHX nop OCTaeTCH lIe BnOJIlIe HClIon. CqH-
TaIOT, qTO 3TO nOJIIICaXapHp;bI, IIaXO;n;Hm;HeCH IIa nOBepXIIOCTII KpaClIbIX KpO-
BHlIhIX TeJIe:q - 3pIITpOl(HTOB. OIIII C03;n;aIOT cne:qHcpHqecKYIO ;n;JIH Kam;n;oro
opraHII3Ma BIIYTpelIlIIOIO 6HoxHMH ecKYIO cpe,D,y, HMeIOT pernaIOm;ee 3IIaqelIHe
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15
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COqeTalIHIO II qIICJIY CTPYKTypHbIX 3JIellfelITOB BbIp;eJIHJIIICb ROIICTHTyn;IIOHHbIe
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ornII60qlIhI. Haxo.Il;HI:qHecH B IIarneM pacnopHffielIIIII CBe.Il;elIHH 06 aBOJIIO HH
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TeOpeTlI'IeCKHe OCIIOBbI 3K30aHTpOnOJIOrHH COBepIIIelIlIO lIe pa3paooTalIhI,
II B aTOM OTlIornelIIIH alITpOnOJIOrH )J;aJIeKO OTCTaIOT OT 3R306IIOJIOrOB. Teo-
peTIIqeCKaH pa3paOOTKa aToH np06JIeMaTIIKlI C IICqepnhlBalIIIeM, RaK cenqac
npIIIIHTo qaCTO nIIcaTb, npocTpaHcTBa JIOrIIqeCRIIX B03MomHocTen B )J;aIIIIOH
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t CM., HalIp.: BYHafi, B. B. Pop; Homo, ero B03HIIKHOBeHlle II IIOCJIep;YIOlI\aH 3BOJIIOl\IIJI.
M., 1980; Wolpoff M. Paleoanthropology. N. Y., 1980; Lewin R. Human evolution: An
ill. introd. Oxford, 1984.
2 0630p II aHamI3 p;aHlIbIx: XpUCa1iOBa E. H. 8BOJIIOl\IIOHHaH MOPcPOJIOrllH CKeJIeTa
-ieJIOBeKa. M., 1978.
3 CnUlfb H B. A. IIOJIIIMOPcPII3M cPepMeHTHbIX II p;pyrlIx OeJIKOB KpOBII II IIX 3Ha'ieHlIe [[PII
perneHIIII PHAR aHTp0110JIOrII'IeCKIIX rrp06JIeJ\I II MOPcPOJIOrIIH 'le;rOBeKa II 1KIIBOTHbIX.
AHTpOIIOJIOmH. M., 1974. T. 6.
4 Livingstone F. Abnormal hemoglobins in human populations. Chicago, 1967.
5 HaKOrrJIeHbI OOIIIlIpHbIe p;aHHbJe, K C01KaJIeHIIIO p;o CIIX IIOp He CBep;eHHbJe Boe.n;IIHO.
CTapaH CBop;Ka: Schwidetzky I. Ergiinzte Karten fUr Hautleistenmerkmale und PTC-
Schmeckfahigkeit I I Homo. 1966. Bd. 17, H. 1.
8 AJ/,efi,CeeBa T. I1. ElIoreOXIIMIDI II IIpOOJIeMbI aHTpOrrOJIOrlI1I /I COBpeMeHHbIe 3a.n;a'llI II
np06JIeMbI olIoreOXIIMHII. M., 1979. (Tp. ElIoreoXlIM. JIao.; T. 17).
7 CM.: 3ifJPOUMCOH B. n. I1MMYHoreHeTIIKa. M., 1971.
8 AJ/,efi,CeeBa T. I1. reorpacl>H'leCKaH cpep;a II OIIOJIOrlIH '1eJIOBeKR. M., 1977; OHa :!ICe.
Ap;arrTIIBHbIe IIpOl\eCCbI B '1eJIOBe'leCKIIX 1I0IIYJIHl\IIHX. M., 1986.
9 AJ/,efi,CeeB B. n. AHTpOIIOJIOrlI'IeCKOe CBoeOOpa3IIe KopeHHoro HaCeJIeHIIH AMeplIKII II
OIIOIIOJIHpHbIe paCbI (0 CBH31I aHTponOJIOmlI C reorpacl>lIeii) IIOT AJIHCKII p;o OrHeHHoii
3eMJIII. M., 1967.
to I1CTOplIIO pa3paooTKII pacoBoH RBaJIIIcl>IIKal\1I1I CM.: Schwidetzky I. Grundlagen der
Rassensystematik. Wien; Ziirich, 1974.
it JIeBuH M. r. 8THII'IeCKaH aHTpOIIOJIOrlIH HrroHIIII. M., 1971.
12 CM. 06 3TOM: q. 3. HaCT. KII.
13 A.nenceeB B. n. llCTOpll'leCKaH aHTpOnOJIOrIlH. M., 1979.
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S CM., Banp.: Physiological anthropology. N. Y., Toronto, 1975.
Z CYII:\eCTByeT neCKOJIbKO 06CTOHTeJIbHhIX CBOAOK. TeopeTH'IecKaH CTopOHa AeJIa OCBe-
II:\ena 6: Cavalli-Sforza L., Bodmer W. The genetics of human populations. San Fran-
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pbIX npHHl\lIrraX RJIaCClIcPII1mI\IIH OHOXopo.TIOrll'leClmX e):1IIHlIrr, II Tp. "YpaJI. cf>IIJI. AH
CCCP. CBep;n;JIOBCK, 1961. T. 27; TU.MofljeeB-PecoBcKuu H. B., Bop01tlfOB H. H., H6.!L0-
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6 JIIITepaTypa pa3pOCJIaCb ;n;o rpOMa):1HbIX pa3MepOB II He OXBa'leHa nOIm COBpeJ\IelIHbL\r
CIIHTe30M. O):1HH 1I3 BaH60JIee rrOJIHbIX 0630POB: IIleB'le1iKo 10. r. Pa3BHTHe IWpbI
M03ra '1eJIOBeRa B CBeTe OHTO-cPIIJIOreHeTHQeCKIIX COOTHOIlIeHlIii. M., 1972.
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CBHll\eH IIHTerpaTHBHbIM xapaRTepIICTIII{aJ\! '1eJIOBe'leCKOrO TeJIa.
12 CM., HalIp.: CTpoeHlIe TeJIa II CHOpT. M., 1968; TY.MaMlH r. C., MapTupocOB 9. r. Te-
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'14 OAIIH 1I3 HalIOOJIee nOJIHbIX COBpeMeHHbIX nOAC'leTOB: Bpyn C. 11. HaCeJIeHlIe MlIpa:
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16 A.'lenCeeB B. n. MO):1YCbI pacooopa30BaHIIH II reorpacf>H'leCROe paCHpocTpaHeHlIe reHOB
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'18 COBpeMelIHoe H3JI01KeHlIe: 3BOJIIOl\IIOHHaH cf>II31I0JIOrIlH. JI., 1979. 'lJ. 1.
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1975. oM 7.
'20 I10;n;p06Hee 06 3TOM: A.!LeKCeeB B. II. reorpacf>H'leCRlIe O'iarlI cf>opMllpoBaHIIH '1eJIOBe-
qeCRIIX pac. M., 1985.
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38
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rrpem.D:eBpeMeHHO IIa3BaJIII ee «nepBbIM B CCCP noc06IIellf no TeOpeTHqeCROH
lIfopcpOJIOrIIII qeJIOBeRa». RHIIra 3Ta JIIIIIIeHa BHYTpeHHero e)J;HHCTBa II He
OXBaThlBaeT 06mIIpHoro Kpyra BonpOCOB, 3aHBJIeHIIOrO B Ha3BaHIIII. OHa
IIpe)J;CTaBJIHeT C060H cKopee II36palIIIhIe rJIaBbI aHaTOMIIII qeJIOBeKa, C 3JIe-
MeHTaMII cpaBHIITeJIbHOll aHaTOMHH II aHTpOIIOJIOrHII. nO.D:JIHHHaH «MopcpOJIO-
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t Moplf!oJlorlIH '1eJloBeRa/IIoA peA. E. A. HIIRIITIORa, B. II. 'lITe:I(OBa. M., 1983.
2 BY1ian B. B., HecTpyx M. (})., P02111iCnUU H. H. AHTpOllOJlOrIlH. M., 1941. Pa3,I1eJI, no-
cBH eBBbIH MopIf!OJlOrlIlI, HalllIcaB B. B. EynaRoM.
II Bynan B. B. AHTpolloMeTplIH: (IIpaRTH'lecRIIH RYPC). M., 1941.
i Poeuncnuu H. H., JIeBun M. r. OCHOBbI aBTpOllOJlOrlIlI. M., 1955; Onu 31Ce. ABTPOIIOJlo-
rlIH. M., 1963; 01iU 31Ce. AHTpOllOJlOrIIH. M., 1978.
5 lIeTyzoB C. B. EIIOMeXaHlIRa, 6IIOBIIRa II cIIMMeTpIIH. M., 1981.
fEHETllqECRllE ACllERTbl AHTPOllO OrllM
npOMemYTOqHOe nOJIOiReHIIe alITpOnOJIOrlIII MeiR,ZJ;y )J;Hc:qHnJIIIHaMII ryMaHII-
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JIOM BeKe .p. GHreJIbCOM, CTaHOBIITCH Bce 60JIee OqeBII)J;HbIM no Mepe pa3BH-
TIIH HaYRII. C O,'J;Hon CTOpOHbI, aHTpOnOJIOrHH Ha npOTHiReHIIII Hallero
CTOJIeTHH OpraHlIqeCIDI BKJIIOqlIJIa B ceOH lIfeTO)J;IIRII II pe3YJIbTRTbI HCCJIe)J;O-
BaHIIn MlIorlIX OHOJIOrIIqeCKIIX 06JIaCTell 3IIaHIIH. 1I3ocepoJIorHH, IIanpIIMep,
T. e. II3yqeHIIe rpynnoBbIX cpaKTopOB KpOBII, cpa3Y iRe nOCJIe CBoero B03HIIK-
HOBeHIIH If pa3pa60TRlI COOTBeTCTBYIOm;eII lIIeTOp;IIKH 3aHHJIa orpOlvHIOe lIIeCTO
B aHTpOnOJIOrnqeCKOll HaYKe, II CeHqaC YiRe lIlOiRlIO CRa3aTb, qTO aHTpOnOJIO-
rII BHeCJIn, nml\aJIyH, 66JIbrnlIH BRJIa,ZJ; B IICCJIe;:t;OBaHHe BapHa:qUII rpynnoBbIX
cpaKTopOB KpOBII no 3eMHOMY llapy, qeM Me,ZJ;IIRII. IIonymIl(IIOIIIIO-relIeTIIqe-
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40
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qeCKHe COqeTaIUIH - qeJIOBeqeCI{IIe paChI, ,ZJ;aJIH B03MomlIOCTb naMeTIITh II B
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alITpOnOJIOrIIqeCRIIX IICCJIe)10BaHHHX, KaK H B Me,ll,IIl(IIIICRIIX II cpII3IIOJIOrnqe-
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OTRphIBaIOm;ee neorpalIIIqelIlIhIe B03MO}I{IIOCTH IIIrpal(IIII reHOB, - O)1HHM CJIO-
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IlCCJle.D:OBaEIIH. ITOJIb3a B3aIIMonpolIIIKHOBeHHH relIeTIIqeCKIIX II aIITpOnOJIOrll-
QeCRIIX MeTOJ],OB, nJIO)J,OTBOpIIOCTb YBH3I_II 06m;erelIeTlPleCKIIX (I[ aIITpOlIOJIOrII-
"IeCKIIX IWH enQI1n, y1Ke )J;OCTlIrUYTbIe CPYII)J;aMeUTaJIbnbIe pe3YJILTaThI TaROH
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53
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4 1I0cJIe lIepBbIX pa60T 3. Rpe'lMepa, BQ MHorOM CKJIOHHOrO, O,I1HaKO, R RpaHHIIM B3rJIH-
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6 CM.: POZU1icnUU H. H. IIpOOJIe)lbI aHTporroreHe3a. rJI. II.
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10 HaH60JIbIllee BHIIMaHlle B aHTporroreHeTIIKe Bcerp;a IIpllBJIeKaJIII 1I30JIHl\IIH H ee BJIIIH-
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11 CM., Ha'1p.: A y6UliU1i H. n., r.7e.M601{KUii H. .1. renenIKa nOIIY:Ull\lIii If CeJIeK I I HH
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54
A
[
12 Ha 9TO 06CTOHTeJIbCTBO 06paTIIJIII BHIIMaHlIe He3aBIICIIMO J\Pyr OT J\pyra HeCKOJIbKO
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13 OHO HaIlIJIO OTpaTh:eHlIe B "Ienllll 0 IIOOCcPepe. CM.: YClIeXII COBpeM. OHOJIOrulI. 1944.
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15 HpeKpaCHblii IIplIMep 9Hp;oraMIIII KaK reHeTH'IeCROrO 6apbepa HaOJIIOp;aeTCH. B ,I1are-
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19 3TO Ba1KHOe JIB:reHlle 6blJI0 npO,I1eJ\IOHCTpllpOBaHO II TeOpeTH'IeCKII 06'bJICHeHO
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55
:;
r
22 CM.: Kirk R. PopIIlation genetic studies in Australia and New Guinea ff The biology
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OJIC1IbI 3BOJIIOl\1I11 '1c.:rOBPKa II ero pac. M.. l!16S.
25 CrrpJ:(IIaJIbHbLX paOOT, IIOCBHll\eIIIIUX rraHOJIKY1IeHHOMY OU30PY paCOBbIX TIIIIOB CMe-
marrHoro IIpOJICX01Kp;eHHH, HeT. ,l],aHlIbw 0 IIITX 1I0amo rrO'leplmYTb B paOOTax, YRa-
3aHHbIX B npHMe'l. 2. B p;OnOJIrreHHe R mDI C1I.: Garn S. Human races. Springfield
(IlL), 1962.
26 CBOAKY MeTpll'lPCKIIX p;aHHbIX rro CMemaHHbUI rpyurraM C1L: Trevor I. Rase crossing
in man II Eugen. Lab. Mem. Cambridge, 1953. Vol. 36. 0 reTl'p03lICe CJ\L: Hlllse F.
Exogamie et heterosis II Arch. suisse d'anthropol. gen. 1957. T. 22.
27 <!JOpMbI BrrYTpIIBIIP;OBOii 1I3MeH'IIIBOCTII II xapaKTep reorpacPll'leCKOrO pacrrpOCTpaHe-
HIIH reHOB IIamJIlI OTpaaH'HlIe B cPOPMYJIllpOBKe rIIIIOTe3bI 0 Mop;ycax pacooopa30Ba-
HIIH. Cu.: AAenceeB B. n. MO,I1yCbI pacooopa30BaUIIH II reorpacPlI'IeCKOe pacrrpOCTpa-
HeHlIe reHOB paCOBbIX npJI3HaKOB.
28 CYIl\eCTByeT HeCKOJIbKO CBOiJ:OK rro reHeTIIKe OTJWJIbHbIX rrpIl3HaKOB, HalIp.: Handbuch
del' Erbbiologie des Menschen. Bd. 2. Methodik. Genetik del' Gesamtperson. B., 19'10;
Gates R. Human genetics. In 2 vol. X. Y., 1946; Humangenetik: Ein kurzses Hand-
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29 OOIl\YIO xapaRTepUCTIIKY OJIII3Hel\OBOrO MeT0JJ:a HCCJIep;OBaHIIH CM.: Ka1iaeB II. 1I.
BmI3Hel\bI: (O'lepKIJ rro BorrpocaM MHOrOrrJIO,I1I1H). M.; J1., 1959; OH :!ICe. BJIII3HeI{bI II
reHeTIIKa. J1., 1968.
30 BOAOlfNOU M. B. BmI3Hel\OBbIrr MeTOp; II rrpOOJIeMaIl3MeH.IIIBOCTII reHOB II AHTpOnOJI.
}J'YPH. 1937. oM 2.
31 CM. npHJ\Ie'l. 8. J1I1TepaTypa, Op;IIaKO. pacTPT C IICKJIIO'IJITeJIbHOM ObICTpOTOH, II Ka}J{-
):1bIM HOBbIii HOMep JII060ro reHeTII'IPCKOrO 1KyplIa.:ra rrpllHOCllT HOBbie cPaKTbI.
32 Ford E. Polymorphism and taxonomy /1 The new systematics. L.; Oxford, 1940; Idem.
Polymorphism II BioI. Rev. 1945. Vol. 20.
33 BOJIee rr03p;Hee oocY1K,I1eHIIe rrpOOJIeMbI C Y'IeTOM cOBpeMeHHoro COCTOHHIfH HaYKII
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3 CM. 0630pbI. npaBp;a Y1Ke YCTapeBmlle: Vogel F. Blutkrankheiten und ihre Bedeu-
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1964. BbIlI. 17.
35 reorpacPlI'IeCKOe pacrrpOCTpaHeHHe 9TIIX IIplI3HaKOB n0,I1p06HO oCBell\eHo B paoOTax.
IIpIIBe):1eHHbIx B IIpIIMe'l. 3.
36 0030pbI CM.: Roberts T. The anthropological significance of the relationship between
blood groups and disease II Bel'. iiber die 6. Tag. Dt. Ges. Anthropol. in Kiel. 1958;
Clarke C. Blood groups and disease II Progress in medical genetics. N. Y., 1962; Pyc..
IlI:p. B KH.: llirepn If. OCHOBbI reHeTI!KII '1eJIOBeKa. M.. 1965.
37 TaKaH rllrrOTe3a 1I3JI01KPHa n aprYMeHTllpOBaHa B CT.: HO"'WPOBU'i H. Il., Pbl'inoBIO. r.
CnCTeMLI ABO (H) rpynII KpOBII II IIMMYHIITPT K ocrre: (R npOOJIeMe cPaKTopOB npo-
cTpaHcTBerrHoro pacrrpe):1eJIeHIIH rpynII KpOBII y '1eJIOBeKa) II Bonp. aHTpOIIOJIOrlIlI.
1966. BbIII. 23.
38 Dobzhansky T. The present evolution of man II Sci. ArneI'. 1906. Vol. 203, N 3: Idem.
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aHTporroreHe3a II BOllp. cPIIJIOCOcPlIlI. 1959. N2 11.
39 Orru Crrel\IIaJIbHO paCCMOTpeHbI: Poeuncnuu H. H. 3aKOHOMepHOCTII rrpOCTpaHCTBeII-
HOro paCllpOCTpanelIlIH rpYlI1I KpOBI! y '1eJIOBPKa: (R npOOJIeMe aHTpOnOJIOrll1I «ORpa-
IIHHbIX nap0):10B») II Tp. I1H-Ta 9THorpacPHII AH CCCP. H.C. M.; J1., 1947. T. 1.
o 06 3TmI crrel\II3JIbHO CM.: AAel,ceeB B. n. reHoreorpacPlIH 'IeJIOBeKa.
H CM.: lli.Ma. b2aYBell If. II. OpraHII3M KaK D;eJIoe B UHp;lIBIJJ1yaJIbHOM U IICTOpll'leCROM
pa3BlITUlI. M.; J1., 1942; On Jlce. IIpOOJIeMbI )'13pBlIHH3Ma. M., 1946. IIepe1l3)'1aHITH 3TUX
KHlIr ObIJIII ocym;eCTBJIeHbI B 1969 H 1982 r.
2 OOll\en CBO):1KII rraJIeOaHTpOrrOJIOrll'leCKIIX MaTepllaJIOB neT. "IlaCTIT'IHO 3TY pOJIb BbI-
rrOJIHHIOT KHHrII K RYHa. CM.: Coon C. The races of Europe. N. Y., 1939; Idem. The-
origin of races. L., 1963. }J;JIH TeppuToplI1I CCCP: j/,e6elf r. W. IIaJIeoHTporroJIonu£
CCCP II Tp. JIH-Ta 3THOrpacPIIII AH CCCP. H.C. M.; J1., 1948. T. 4.
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43 CM.: ByuaK B. B. AHTpOIIOMeTpHH. M., 1941.
44 0030p reHeTII'IeCKIIX Haomo,[(eHIIH, KpOMe KHlIrll A1K. XappHCOHa, A1K. BaHHepa H JW.,
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ce lK. IlMMYHoreMaTOJIOrIIH. M., 1959.
45 <DaKTbI c06paHbI B KHHraX, rrepe'llICJIeHHbIX B rrpIIMe'l. 28. TeopeTlI'IecKlIii 0630p ClI1.:
Eynan B. B. 0 HeKOTopbIX Borrpocax rerreTII'IeCKOrO aHaJIII3a HenpepbIBHo BapbIIpyIO-
II\IIX rrplI3naKOB y '1eJIOBeKa II AHTpOIIOJI. mypnaJI. 1937. M 3.
H C:\1., Harrp.: A survey of somf' genetical characters of Ethiopian tribes II ArneI' J.
Phys. AnthropoL N. Y., 1962. VoL 20, N 1; A.'lenCeeB B. II., EClleeo.1ellCnaa 10. if.,
1'OXJ.ta1i H. If., /f.aeblooBa r. !rI., JKO.MOBa B. H. AHTpOIlOJIOl'II'IeCRIIe IICCJIe,[(OBaHIIH
Ha JIerre II COB. 3TIWrpacP1IH. 1968. .1\'£ 5; PbPlnOB 10. r., mepe,MeTbcea B. A. llorry-
JIHl\IIorrII3H reHeTIIKa a:reYToB ROJ\I3HJJ:OpCKHX oC'rpoBoB II Borrp. aHTpOIIOJIOrlIlI. 1972.
BbIII. 40, 41; The tlaxcaltecans: prehistory, demogTaphy, morphology and genetics II
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TIIB1I3M lICCJIe,[(oBaHHH, KOTopoe Y1Ke He J\W1KeT ocyr:n;eCTBJIHTbCH CHJlaMII 0):11101'0 'Ie-
JIOBeKa.
47 CM.: A.lte1,CeeB B. n. AHTpOrrOJIOrlI'IeCKlIe p,aHrrble 0 npOOJIeJ\Ie rrpolIcxoaqemm Ha-
CeJIeHlm l\eHTpaJIbHbIX rrpe,[(ropIIlI RaBKa3CKoro xpe6Ta II AHTpOrrOJIOrlI'IeCIUIH c60p-
HlIK, IV. M., 1963. (Tp. IlH-Ta 3THorpacPIIII AH CCCP. H.C.; T. 82). TaM 1Ke CM. JIII-
TepaTypy.
"8 0630pbI: Garlick I. Blood groups and prehistory II Science in archaeology. N. Y.,
H)6; ; nepeBOB'lUliOB Ii. B. l< rrpOOJIeMe orrpe,[(eJIeIHU! rpyrrrroCrrel\HcPlI'IecKHx BelI\eCTB
KpOBII B IICKorraeMOM MaTepnaJIe II BOllp. aHTpOrrOJIOrlllI. 1971. BbIll. 38; On :!ICe. Orrpe-
p;eJIeHlle rpYIIII KpOBII B IICKOlIae WM MaTeplIaJIe II TaJ\I 1Ke. 1974. BbIII. 50.
49 CBO;:lKII: Hieber E. Grundriss del' biologoschen Statistik. Anwendungen del' mathe-
matischen Statistik in Naturwissenschafte und Teclmik. 6. AufL Jena, 1967; Idem.
Mathematische Grundlagen del' Genctik II Genetik: Grundlagen, Ergebnisse und Pro-
bleme in Einzeldarstellungen: Beitrag. Jena, 1967. MaTeMaTT!'1CCmnI MeTo,[(aM B au-
TpOrrOJIOrIIII crrel\IIaJIbHO nOCBHlI\eHbI pa60TbI: l1utaTbeB !rI. B. CTaTHCTU'IeCKllii Me-
TOp, B aHTpOrrOJIOrUII II IIpOOJIeMbI ,[(eMorpacPII'IeCKOH CTaTIICTUKII. M., 1959; Knuss-
mann R. Moderne statistische Yerfahren in del' Rassenkunde II Die neue Rassenkun-
de/Hrsg. I. Schwidetzky. Stuttgart, 1962; J{epa6un B. E. MHorOJ\IepHaH 61I0J\IeTplIH
p;.1U! aHTpOrrOJIOrOB. M., 1983.
50 Retzills A. Dber die Schadelform der Nordbewohner II Miillers Arch. Anat. 1845.
51 HepBaH pa60Ta, r,[(p HpOOJIeMa 6bma rrOCTaBJIeHa co BceH OCTpOTOH H rrOJIY'lIIJIa rroa-
TOMY p;a1Ke HeCIWJIbKO O,[(HOCTopoHHee pemeHIIe: }HUpOB E. B. Pa3HoBII,[(HOCTlI opaxn-
J(ecPaJIlIII II RpaT. co06r:n;. I1H-Ta nCTopnII MaTepllaJIbHOH KYJIbTypbI, 1941. BbIII. 10.
CM. TaKllie: /f.e6el.f r. W. R Bonpocy 0 BJIIIHHHlI IICKyccTBerrnOH p;ecPopMal\IIII Ha 1'0-
JIOBHOlI YKa3aTeJIb: (1I0 1I0B0,I1Y CTaTbU E. B. JKIIpoBa «Pa3HOBII,I1HOCTII 6paXIIKecPa-
mill) II Ta:\I }I\e. 1947. BbIII. 14; Ewing F. Hyperbrachycephaly as influenced by cul-
tnral condition II Pap. Peabody Mus. ArneI'. Archaeol. and EthnoL Cambridge (Mass.),
1950. Vol. 23. X 2; raoJICueB A. 1'. 0 BJIHHHHH KOJIbIOC;JU (oenuma) Ha BeJIII'IHHY
rOJIOBHOrO YKa3aTeJIH y p;eTeii II RpaT. cooor:n;. I1n-Ta ;'JTHOrpacPIIII AH CCCP. 1963.
BbIII. 28: Pbl'lnOB 10. r. 0 p;ecPoP:\IaUlIT! rOJIOBbI B CBH3lI C OObI'IaH In YXO.:ja 3a p;eTb-
MlI I I TaM 1Ke. 1957. BbIII. 27; On :!ICe. AHTpOrrOJIOrlIH II reneTlIKa 1130JIllpOBaHHblx rro-
IIYJIHl\lIii. rJI. IV: 0 COOTHorneHHlI lICKyccTBeHHoH ,[(ecPop:\Ial\lIlI rOJIOBbI II rrplIpok
HbIX KpaHIIOJIOrU'IeCKIIX oc06eHHOCTeH.
52 .D:OBO.l:bHO no ,poorrbre KapTbI rraHoi:JRY:\IeIIHoro II J\IaTepmWBOr(, pitcnpeJJ:eJICHIIH ro-
JlOiJnOI'O yHa3iJ', e.;m ObI.IT1I orrYUJIIIKOBaHbJ yme B lIepBbIX CBO,'\IJhIX TP.Y;:(3X no aHTpo-
nOJIOrmI :VUlpa. C:\L, Harrp.: Ripley W. The races of Europe. L., 1900. BOJIee rr03p;HlIe
KapThI CM.: BillSlltti R. Razze i popoli della terra. Torino. 1940. T. 1. C rrepBoro (13-
,I1aHHH rraHOlJKYMCHHaH KapTa P. EHaCYTTII rrepCIle'laTaHa: Eickstedt E. Die Forschung
am Menschen. Physiologische und morphologische Anthropologie. Stuttgart, 1944.
Bd.2.
3 Ha 3TO OOCTOJITeJIbCTBO BrrepBbJe YKa3aJI r. <D. ,lJ,eoel\ 6e3 yrro:\llInaHIIH, npaB,[(a, re-
HeTII'IeCKOH rrpCp;UOCbIJIKII. CM.: J{e6elf r. W. AHTpOrrOJIOI'II'IeCKHe UCCJICp;OBaHIIH B
Ra I'IaTCKOH OOJIaCTH II Tp. I1H-Ta 3THorpacPIIII AH CCCP. H.C. M., 1951. T. 17.
50 CM.: Hpxo A. II. ¥HllcPHK3L\IIH onpe;:(eJIeHIlii MHrKIlX 'IacTeii JIlIIW II AIITpOrrOJI. 1KypH.
1932. oM 1.
5 113MeHeHlle IIop;X0JJ:a OT'IeTJIIIBO rrpOHBJIJIeTCH rrpII corrOCTaBJIeHlUI cOBpeMeHHblx pa-
60T (CM. rrpHMe'l. 5) II cTapblx CBO,[(OK. 113 rrOCJIep;HlIX oc060 IIHTepeCHbI: Werth E.
Der fossile Mensch. Grundziige einer Paliianthropologie. B., 1928; Keith A. New dj,,-
coveries relating to the antiquity of man. N. Y., 1929. .
57
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56 TeOpeTII'IeCKIIe aClIeKTbI, CBH3aHHble c BHe3eMHbIMII n;HBIIJIII3al\IIHMII, pa3paoa TbUIa-
IOTCH C Ka1K)J;bIM rop;OM IIHTeHCIIBHee, II }];JIH HIIX p;a1Ke rrpe}];JIOfI\en rro anaJIOrIIII C
9K3001l0JIOrllelI Tep IHH «3K30COl\IIOJIOrlIH». KOTOpbIlI aBTOpy, rrpaBJJ:a, B OObI'IHOM
CJIOBoyrroTpeOJIeHlI1I Ka,I1:eTCH lIe COBceM rrpaBOJ\IepHbEII, TaK KaE pe'lb lIJJ:eT rrOKa He
o BHYTpeHHen: CTpYKType I!HbIX l\lIBII.TIII3an;UlI. a nUillb B OCHOBHOM 0 rrpOOJIeMe ROH-
TaKTOB C HlIMII. CM.: mn.aOBcnuu II. fl. BceJIeHHaH, 1K1I3Hb, pa3YJ\I. M., 1965; BHe3eM-
Hble n;lIBHJIII3an;IUI: Tp. COBell\. B EIOpoKaHe 20-23 "'IaH 1964 r. EpeBaH. 1965: BHe-
3eMHble l\HBIIJIII3al\IIII. IIpOOJIeMbI Ie1K3Be3p;HoII CBH3II. M., 1969. 8K30aHTpOnOJIOrIIH
1I0Ka He CYll\eCTByeT )J;a1Ke B BH)J;e ClICTeMbI npe)J;nOJI01KeHn:iI.
EY,I1Yll\eMY pa3BIITIIIO '1eJIOBeKa rrOCBJIll\eHO J\lRoro paOOT, paCCMaTpIIBaIOll\lIX ero
JIIIOO KaK IIpO)J;OJI1KeHlIe rrpOillJIon: 9BOJIIOn;IIII, JIIIOO KaR ee 3aTyxaHlIe. Wiercinski A.
Evolutionary rate of craniometric traits in Hominidae II Acta palaeontol. pol. 1956.
Vol. 1, N 3; CM.: Bo.aJl1icnuu H. HeI>OTOpble npOOJIeMbI MexaHII3Ma II cPaKTOPOB 9BO-
JIIOl\IIH II COB. 9THorpacP1IH. 1957. oM 3; Wolanski N. Ieszeze w sprawie skokowosci
w ewolucji form ludzkich oraz nierownomiernosci tempa rozwoju il Przegl. antropol.
1957. T. 2, sz. 2; Idem. Zagadnienie etapowosci w ewolucji form Iudzkich II Ibid.
1958. T. 24, sz. 1; Po;;uncKuu H. H. 00 3Tarrax II TeMlIax 9BOJIIOl\IUI rOMIIHIIp; il COB.
3THorpacPIIH. 1957. oM 6; BblcTpoB A. n. HpOillJIOe, HaCTOHll\ee, 0YiIYll\ee qeJIOBeRa.
JI., 1957; A.n,enceee B. n. 0 CROpOCTII 3BOJIIOl\IIII B IIpe)J;enax ce IellcTBa rOMlIHII)J;11
}J;OKJI. Ha VII Me1K,I1YHap. KOHrp. aHTpOrrOJI. II 3THorp. HaYK; On :!ICe. OT 1KIIBOTHbIX-
K '1eJIOBeKY. JIereH):1bI, cPaKTbI, HaYKa.
57 3TO rrOJI01KeHlIe pa3paOaTbIBaeTCH C caMbIX pa3Hblx CTOpOH II CTaJIO OOll\errplIHHTbIM
B COBeTCKOIT JIIITepaType. HepBbJe paOOTbI YKa3aHbI B rrpIIMe'l. 5.
58 JIIITepaTypa, 1I0CBHIl\l'HHaH BceM 3TIIM BonpocaM, HeOO'bHTHa. qacTII'IHO xapaKTep
rrpooneM OCBell\eH: 3ifjpou.MC01i B. n. HorrYJIHl\1I0HHaH reHeTIIKa '1eJIOBeKa II HeRO-
Topble rrpOOJIeMbI Me,I1I1l\I1HCHOlI reHeTIIKII II feneTIIKa. 1967. oM 11; TU.ManOB B. J/,.
feHeTIIKa II Me}J;lll\I1Ha II TaM 1Ke. 1968. oM 1. CM. TaK1Ke rrpIIMe'l. B.
59 A.aenceeB B. n. TeopIlH pacoBe,I1eHIIJI Ha VII Mea\,J,YHapop;HoM ROHrpecce aHTpono-
JIOrll'leCKIIX II 3THorpacPII'IeCKlIX HaYK II COB. 9THorpacP1IH. 1965. oM 2.
60 A.aeKceeB B. n. <1JaKTopbI pacooopa30BaHIIH, MeTO)J;bI paCOBoro aHamma. rrpHHl\I1IlliI
paCOB:bIX RJIaCCIIcPIIRal\IIIT II TaM 1Ke. 1964. N2 4; Methods and theories fo anthropo-
logical geneticsjEd. M. Crawford, P. Workman. Albuquerque, 1973; Current develop-
ments in anthropological genetics: In 2 vol./Ed. J. :\iielke, M. Crawford. N. Y.,
1980-1982.
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HOBIIq BaBIIJIOB nopamaeT IIac, JIIO;:J;eH CJIeP;YIOm;ero nOROJIeIIIIH, He TOJIbRO
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xapaRTepOM 0606m;eIIIIH. He BhI3bIBaeT cOllflIelIIIH 06:m;e6IIOJIOrIIqeCKOe 3IIa-
qeHIIe 3aKOlIa rOMOJIOI'II'IeCRIIX pH.D:OB B HaCJIe.D:CTBelIlIoii II3MelIqIIBOCTII,
HClIa IfCRJIIOqIfTeJIblIaH pO JIb B reHoreorpacpIIII 3aROlIa OTTeClIelIIfH pel(eCCIfB-
IIblX relIOB na OKpaIIlIhI BII)J;OBoro IIJIII nO,ll,BIfp;OBoro apeaJIa. IIocJIe;:J;IIHR 3a-
ROIIOllfepnOCTb C IIOJIIIOH OTqeTJIIIBOCTbIO npOHBIIJIa ce6H, RaK MbI y6eAIfMcH,
B cpOpMIIpoBalIIIII qeJIOBeqeCRIIX pac.
IIepBoe co06:m;elIIfe 0 BbICTeCHeHHII pe eCCIIBlIbIX relIOB Ha OKpanlIY apea-
JIa H. M. BaBIIJIOB ony6JIIIROBaJI B 1927 1'., Rorp;a 011 IIeYTOMIIlIfO nYTerneCT-
BOBaJI, c06HpaH lIfaTepIIaJIhI 0 RyJIbTYpHbIX paCTelIIfHX BO Bcex yrOJIRaX 3eM-
Horo mapa, II B ero rOJIOBe B OCIIOBlIblX qepTaX YiRe CJIOiRIIJIaCb 3HaMelIIITaH
BnOCJIe;:J;CTBIIII TeopIIH ]:\eIITpOB npOIfcxomp;elIIIH RyJIbTYPHbIX pacTelIIIH. Ap-
ryllfelITa:qIIH 3TOH TeopHII He lIforJIa 6bITb C,ll,eJIalIa B JIa60paTopIIII. OHa Tpe-
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IIOqTII 6e3 nepepbIBa II3 cTpaHbI B cTpaHY, C lIfaTepIIRa IIa lIfaTepIIR, c06IIpaH,
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58
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nernKOM,- B IICTOpIIH HayRII lIfaJIO nyTernecTBeHHIIROB, ROTopble TaR IICKOJIe-
CIIJII1 6bI 3eMIIOH map. MlIorIIe 3aMeqaTeJIhHble pa60TbI CBOH OH nIICaJI B 3RC-
JJe)J;II IIHX. B 8Rcne,ZJ;II IIH iRe, Ha napoxop;e B Cpe,ll,H3eMIIOllf lIfope, 6bIJIa Ha-
IIHcalIa CTaTbH 0 3aKOHax reorpacpIIqeCROrO pacnpep;eJIelIIIH relIOB RYJIbryp-
IIbIX paCTelIl1ll, B ROTOpOH cop;epa\aJIaCb CPOPMYJIl1pOBRa 3aROHa OTTeCHeHHH
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«lIOIIHJI npaBI1JILIIOnn B reorpacpnqeCKOl\f pacnpe)J;eJIelIIIII cpO pM B npe,ll,eJIax
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Bce o606m;e1I11H H. II. BaBIfJIOBa. IJ;elITp BII.D:OBOro I1JIH nO,ll,BII,ll,OBoro apeaJIa
HBJIHeTCH apelIOII IIaII60JIee IIIITelICIIBlIoro cpOpMooGpa30BaTeJIbHOrO npo:qecca.
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npe}J:nOChIJIRH )J;JIH BeqHOrO If3MelIelIIfH reIIOTIIIIOB. MYTa IIII 3TII )J;0MIIlIaIITlIhI,
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oT60pa II yCRopHeT npo ecc BII)J;O- II paco06pa30BalIIIH. B 8TIIX YCJIOBIIHX pe-
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TOTlIoro COCTOHIIIIH B rOM03IIrOTIIOe, T. e. npOHBJIHIOTCH BO BlIernlIOCTIf opra-
HI13MOB, B cpenOTIIne.
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Hel(, RpalfIIIOIO nepIIcpepIIIO apeaJIa 3alIIIMaIOT pe eCCIIBHbIe rOM03IIroThI.
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na3bIBaJIH palIbrne, HacpIIpJICTalI, Ha BbICOTY 3500-4000 M. TaM II3YQaeTCH
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qeplIONra3bIX JIIO)J;ell.
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pOBa.:'I 3TOT cpaKT B CBoeH na:MHTII II BepIIY.:'ICH K IIeMy, Ror.D:a nO,ll,BO.D:IIJI IITO-
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BnepBbIe OTKpbIJIa eBponellCROMY MIIPY orpmIIIYIO CTpaIIY. II lIe TOJIbRO co
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JJ:aiRe 0 pe3YJIbTaTaX IIa6JIIO)J;aBrnIIXCH HlIf B AcpralIIICTalIe paCRonOR cppalI-
nY3CKIIX apxeO.:'IOrOB H. M. BaBHJIOB CYMeJI HanIIcaTb 3aXBaThIBaIO:m;e IIIITe-
peclIo. Cpe)J,II npOqIlX paHOIIOB 6bIJI oxapaKTepH30BaII II HYPIICTaII - CTpalIa
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n rOJIy6h1l\fH rJIa3aMII Cpe.D:II IIypIIcTalI eB .D:OBOJIbIIO BbICOR. HCTaTII cKa3aTb,
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,ZJ;eiicTBIITeJIbIIOCTIl nO)J;TBep)J;IIJI B 1937 r. A. XeppJIIIX, npHBe)J;H TOqlIbIe alITpo-
nOJIOrIfQeCKHe H3MepelIIfH 2.
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paCbI II B IIypIfCTalI ax. Ho H. M. BaBIIJIOB pernIITeJIblIO BbICRa3aJICH npOTIfB
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CBoeMY p;ellCTBIIIO IIa npo:qecc cpopllfo06pa30BaHIIH R ORpaIIHe apeaJIa, TaR
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BepOHTIIOCTII, pe:qeCCIIBlIoro npII3IIaKa), II OHII nOCTeneHIIO HalmnJIIIBaJIIICI>
Bce B OOJILlliIlX II 60JIblliIIX KOHI(eIITpaI(HHX Ha ceBepe. A IIaROnIlBlliIlCb, CTa-
JIH npOHBJIHTb ce6H B alITpOnOJIOrHqeCKOM THne IIaCeJIelIIIH B rrO.D:aBJIHIO eM
60JIblliIllICTBe CJIyqaeB.
TaKoBa IWII:qenI(HH H. H. qeooKcapona, BnOJIlIe COOTBeTCTBYIOm;aH IIa-
IlIIIM 311aIUfHM 0 MOPCPOJIOrIIqeCKIIX oc06eHIIocTHX COBpeMelIlIoro IIaCeJIeHHH
CImlI.D:IIIIaBlUl:. OHa XOpOlliO OO'bHCIIHeT B03IIHKIIOBelIIIe 3TIIX oco6eIllIocTeii,
Y'fHThlBaeT Bce HMeIOm;IIeCH CBep:eHIUI 0 3aCeJIelIHII CKaH.D:IIIIaBCIWro no.:'IY-
OCTpOBa TJeJIOBeKOM II npe.D:CTaBJIHeT c060n npIIJIOiReHIIe Hp:eH H. M. BaBlIJIOBa
J{ 06'bHClIellIlIO alITpOnOJIOrIlqeCKIIX HBJIelIIIII Bee, Tal\: CKa3aTb, I\:JIaCCIIqe-
CKOllf, qHCTOM BII.D:e: Be.D:L peqb B .D:aIIIIOM CJIyqae H.D:eT )J;eIIcTBHTeJIbHO 06 OI\:-
paIIlIe oIIKYMelIbI, a CJIe)J;OBaTeJIbIIO, II 06 OKpaHHe BIID;OBoro II paCOBoro apea-
JIOB B nOJIIIOM 3IIaqelIIIII 3Toro CJIOBa. TaImM 06pa30M, npIlMep ,lJ;eIICTBIIH
9.!TeClIeIIlm peI(eCCIIBHbIX reHOB IIa OKpaIIHY apeaJIa B CKaH,lJ;IIIIaBIfII
HBJIHeTCH, eCJIH MOiRlIO TaK Bblpa3IITbCH, 60JIee xpecToMaTllllH:bIM, 60JIee HP-
KIIM II y6e)J;I1TeJIbHbIM, 60JIee COOTBeTCTBYIOm;I1M MexalIII3My ,lJ;eIICTBIIH 3aIWlIa,
IeM npIlMep, npIlBe,lJ;elIlIbIH caMHM H. M. BaBHJIOBbIM.
I
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\
rEHorEorp AtI>lIH II tI>OPMIIPOBAHIIE EBPOIlEOIIJJ;OB
KaK HII IIIITepeClIbI II HPKII Bce 3TII cpaKTbI II co06paiReHHH, KaK HII npHBJIe'
KaTeJILlIhJ OHH rnIIpOInIM OXBaTOM, CIIHTe30M II 6HOJIOrIIqeCKIIX II I1CTOpHqe.
CKIIX HBJIelIIIII B 0,'],110 :qeJIoe. MOiReT 6bITb, lIe CTOHJIO 6bI nOCBHm;aTb 11M OT-
)J;eJIbIIYIO CTaTbIO, eCJIH 6bI lIe a6COJIIOTIIaH y6eiR)J;elIlIOCTb aBTopa B TOM, qTO
3TO lIe npornJIoe, a IIaCTOHm;ee H ,lJ;ame 6YAYm;ee aIITpOITOJIOrIIII, ee CTOJI60-
-nOH nYTL, qTO npIlMelIelIIIe reHeTII reCKHX 3alWHOMeplIOCTen I\: I1CTOJIKOBaIIIIIO
alITpOnOJIOrIlqeCKHX cpaKTOB OTKpbIBaeT lliIlpOKIIe B03MomlIOCTH )J;JIH Kap)J;II-
IIaJIbIIbIX 0606m;eIIHH, qTO, IIaKOHe:q, OTKpbITbIH H. M. BaBIIJIOBbIM 3aKOII
MOiReT HaliTH B aHTpOnOJIOrHII ,lJ;aJIbHeHlliee npIIJIOiRelIIIe. nOCJIe,lJ;IIee XOTeJIOCL
6bI nOKa3aTb Ha npIlMepe npOIIcxom)J;elIHH H cpOpMHpOBalIHH eBpone-
bH,lJ;HOn paCbI.
qTO npe,lJ;CTaBJIHeT C060H CeHqaC eBpOneOIl,lJ;HaH paca B :qeJIOM RaK onpe-
,lJ;eJIeUlIaH eD;IIIIH:qa alITpOnOJIOrIlqeCKOH KJIaCCIIcpHKa HH, KaK MopcpOJIOrnqe-
CKoe e.D:I1HCTBO? Ee rrpep:CTaBIITeJIHM CBOHCTBelIHbI CHJIbHO BbIcTynaIOm;HII y3-
KHII IIOC, BbICOKoe nepeHOCbe, pe3KO npocpIIJIHpOBaHlIoe JIII:qO, TOIIKIIe ry6bI,
npHMbIe HJIII IImpOKOBOJIIIIICTbIe MHrIUIe BOJIOCbI. no cpaBHelIHIO C IIerpOIl)J;a-
MIl H )laiRe C MOlIrOJIOIIp:aMII eBponeOHp:bI ropa3p:0 60JIee CBeTJIOIWiRII, CBeTJIO-
BOJIOChI II CBeTJIOrJIa3bI, npHqeM IIOCJIe,lJ;Hee cnpaBep:JIHBO ;rrame D;JIH iRIITeJIeH
Cpe,lJ;II3eMII0IlfOpbH, nepe.D:HeH H Cpe,lJ;Hen A3HH - HaII60JIee TeMIIOrJIa3bIX
JIIOn;eH Cpe,lJ;H eBpOneOH,lJ;OB. COBepllieHlIo eCTecTBelIlIbIII II 3aKoHoMeplIbIH BbI-
BO)J; I13 3Toro MopcpOJIOrHqeCIWrO ep:HlIcTBa 3aKJIIOqaeTCH B YTBepm,lJ;eHHH
reHeTUqeCKOrO pO,lJ;CTBa II eJJ:IIlIoro rrpoIlcxom;rrelIlfH eBpOneOH.D:II:bIX TllnOB.
O.D:IIaKO y alITpOnOJIOrOB IIeT COrJIaCHH B nOHHMaHHH nYTeH B03IIHKIIOBeHHH
eBpOneOII,lJ;IIOH paCbI. B COOTBeTCTBHH C O,lJ;HOH TOqKOn 3pe1IHH, nOJIyqHBllieH
H3HMelIOBalIIIe MOlIo:qeHTpllqeCKOH, Bce pachl cOBpeMelIlIoro qeJIOBeKa npoII-
30lliJIII B nepe,lJ;IIeH A3IIII OT HeliTpaJIblIbIX cpOpM IIealI,lJ;epTaJIb:qeB, 06'be.D:H-
HHBrnIlX npIl3IIal\:H Bcex Tpex 60JIbrnIlX pac; COrJIaCHO p:pyrolI rHnoTe3e, HR-
3BalIIIoH nOJIII:qeIITpIlqeCKOII, Kamp:aH paca BOCXO,lJ;HT K OC060H rpynrre He-
aUn;epTaJIb:qeB, npomIlBaBrnHx Ha TOM iRe KOIITlmeIITe. ABTOp pa3,lJ;eJIHeT
IIOJIH:qeIITpwrecKyIO rHnOTe3Y, HCXO,lJ;H H3 IIecoMHeHHoii MopcpOJIOrHqeCIwii:
npeeMCTBelIlIOCTH Mem,lJ;y eBpOneOH,lJ;aMH H eBpOneHCRI:lMH HeaHp:epTaJIh:qaMH,
i
,
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62
Mem,IJ;Y MOlIrOJIOII.D:lIbIMH pacaMII H CIIlIalITponOM, a TaKme II3 apXeOJIOrHqe-
CIUIX ,IJ;alIlIbIX, pIICYIOm;IIX RapTIIHY nOCTenelIlIoro rrepeXO,IJ;a OT IIHmlIerO na-
JIeOJIHTa K BepXlIeMY He TOJIbKO B IIepe,IJ;HeH A3HII, HO H B EBpone, KlfTae.
JOro-BOCTOqlIoiI A3HIf H T. ,IJ;. C )J;PyroH CTOpOlIbI, BalliHbIM npe.D:CTaBJIHeTCH
IIeCOMlIelIlIbIH cpaKT 60JIbmeH 6J1II30CTH eBpOneOH,IJ;OB R IIerpOIf,IJ;aM, qeM K
MOIIrOJIOH,IJ;aM, nO,IJ;TBeplK,IJ;aeMOH KaK IIaJIHqHeM npOMemYTOqHOH aBCTpaJIOIf,IJ;-
HOII pacbI II nmpOIaIM pacnpocTpalIelIIfeM IIerpO-aBCTpaJIOIf,IJ;OB B BepxHeM
naJIeOJIHTe IIa lOre EBponbI II eBponeOH,IJ;OB B Me30JIIfTe B CeBeplIOH AcppHIte,
TaK II cpOpMIfpOBalIIIeM pacoBbIx npII3IIaKOB B npo:qecce pOCTa. ()J,eTII IIerpon
II eBponeH:qeB 60JIbme nOXOiRII ,IJ;Pyr IIa )J;pyra, qeM B3pOCJIbIe IIerpbI H eBpo-
neiI:qbI. MOlIrOJIOIf,IJ;bI, IIa060pOT, OTJIIIqaIOTCH OT ,IJ;pyrIfx pac CIfJIhHee Bcero
IIMelIlIO B ,IJ;eTCKOM B03pacTe ".) 06m;ee npOIfCXOm,IJ;eIIHe eBpOneOIf,IJ;OB If He-
rpOH,IJ;OB BeCbMa BepoHTlIo, II 0110 ,IJ;eIICTBIfTeJIbIIO MomeT BOCXO,IJ;IfTb K nepe,IJ;-
HeH A3IIH, r,IJ;e IIaH,IJ;elIbI CKeJIeTbI IIealI,IJ;epTaJIb:qeB, KOTOpbIM CBoHCTBelIHbI
ObIJIH II eBpOneOIf.D:IIbIe H HerpoH)J;IIbIe oc06eHlIocTH.
B 3TOii IfCXO.D:IIOH rpynne IIeaII)J,epTaJIh eB H eBpOneOIIp;IIhh) II llerpoH,IJ;-
IIhIe qepTbI 6bIJIH BbIpaiRelIbI, O.D:IIaKO, cJIa6ee, qeM y cOBpeMelIlIbIx pac.
<I>opMIIpoBalIIfe TlfIlIfqlIO eBpOneOH,IJ;IIOH KOM6IfHanIfH npH3IIaKOB, KaK MbI ee
3IIaeM Tenepb, npOIfCXO,IJ;IfJIO, OqeBH,IJ;IIO, no,IJ; BJIIfHIIIIeM MlIorHX cpaItTopOB V
IIaqHlIaH C 3nOXII BepxlIero naJIeOJlIITa. B nepBYIO Oqepe)J;b 3TO - BJIIfHIIIIe
CMemelIHH rpynn nepe,IJ;IIea3IfaTcIwro npOIfCXOm.D:eIIIIH C eBponeiIcKIfMIf IIe-
alI.D:epTaJIhnaMH; 06 3TOM rOBopHT CII blIoe BhlcTynalIIIe Hoca y npe.D:CTaBH-
Te eH eBpOneOII,IJ;HOH paCbI, TaIWe me, KaK H y eBponeHcKHx HealIn;epTaJIb:qeB.
06 aTOM me CBH,IJ;(JTeJIhCTByeT H OqelIb pa3BIfTbIH pe.:'Ibecp IIa MlIorHX palIHIfX
BepXlIenaJIeOJIIfTIfqeCmIX qepenax II3 EBponbI - oc06elIlIocTb, TIIIHIqlIaH ,IJ;JIH
eBponeHcmIx IIeaH.D:epTaJIb:qeB. KpoMe CMerneIIIIH C MeCTIIbIMH rpynnaMH
HealI,IJ;epTaJIb eB, CJIe,IJ;yeT yKa3aTb Ha npIfcnoc06JIeHIfe It CypOBbIM YCJIOBIfHM
IIpIfJIe,IJ;IIIfKOBOH EBponbI: Y3KHII HOC OrpaHHqHBaJI O.D:HOBpeMeHHoe B)J;bIxalIIfe
60JIbmOrO KOJIH"IJeCTBa XOJIO,IJ;IIoro B03,IJ;yxa If 3am;Hm;aJI HOCOrJIOTKY. HaIwlIe:q.
B B03HIIRIIOBelIHH xapaKTepHOH ,IJ;JIH eBpOneOII,IJ;IIOH paCbI nIIrMeIITa HH, IIe-
COMlIeIIIIO, BeJIHRa pO b relIoreorpacpHqeCKIfX 3aKOIIOMepIIOCTeH.
EBponeOlIAlIaH paca nO,IJ;pa3,IJ;eJIHeTCH Ha ceBepHYIO If IOmlIYIO BeTBIf. Ce-
BepHaH BeTBb - 3TO IIaCeJIelIIfe CKaH)J;IfHaBIfH, HCJIaH,IJ;IIH II H pJIaH)J;HIf, AlIr-
irnif, - ce'B eplIbIx pallOHOB r.n;p H <I>pr, <I>IIH HII,IJ;IIH, npIf6aJITIfHCKHX pecny6-
JIIIK COBeTCRoro COI03a, ceBeplIbIX paHOIIOB eBponeHCRon qaCTH PC<I>CP.
IQ mHbIe e BponeOIf)J,bI - aTO IIaCeJIelIHe ceBeplIOH "IJaCTII HII)J;HH, AcpralIHCTa-
IIa, HpaHa H TYP HlI, apaOOH3bIqlIbIX CTpaH, TYPKMelICIWH H A3ep6a H .D:1KaH-
CKOH, ApMHIICKOH H rpY3IIIICIWH CCP, JOiRlIoiI HTaJIIIH II JOmHoiI <I>palI HH.
HcnalIIfII II nOpTyraJIIfII. 06JIaCTII, npOMelI{YTOqHbIe Mem,IJ;y 3TIfMH 301IaMH.
3alIHTbI IIaCeJIeIIIfeM, IWTopoe 3aHHMaeT B alITpOnOJIOrIfqeCKOH IwaCCHcpHRa-
:qHH cpe,IJ;IIee MeCTO Mem,ZJ;y ceBeplIbIMH II IOmHbIMII eBpOneOII,IJ;aMIf. Bo Bcex
nepeqHCJIelIlIhlX CTpalIax aHTpOnOJIOrHqeCKIIe npH3IIaKH CHJIblIO BapbHpyIOT,
BbI,IJ;eJIHIOTCH MeCTHbIe aHTpOnOJIOrHqeCKIfe TlfIlhI. Ho lIe COCTaBJIHeT IIII Ma-
JIelirnero TpY,IJ;a ,IJ;aiI\e .D:JIH Hecne:qHaJlIICTOB OTJIII'lHTb, IIanpHMep, rpY3IflIa
HJlII apMHlIlfIIa OT IIIBe,IJ;a no BHernHeMY BII,IJ;Y C nepBoro B3rJIH)J;a.
O,IJ;IIaKO BapHa:qIfH Bcex IIpIf3IIaKOB, xapaKTeplIbIx ,IJ;JIH MeCTHbIX eBpOIIeo-
II)J;IIbIX THnOB, IfMelIlIO IfM If CBoHcTBeIIHhI, OIIH He OXBaTblBaIOT IIeCKOJIbKIIX
HapOilOB IfJIH rpynn HapO,IJ;OB, 06HapymHBaIOT, RaK rOBopHT aHTpOnOJIOrH, MO-
3aHqHOe pacnpe)J;eJIeHHe Ha reorpacpIIqeCKOH ImpTe. E,IJ;IfHCTBelIlIbIe npIf3IIaKH.
npOTHBonOCTaBJIHIOm;Ife HaCeJIelIHe _ceBepa II IOra EBpOIIbI, pa3,IJ;eJIHIOm;Ife ce-
BepHbIX H IOmHbIX eBpOneOH,IJ;OB,- npIf3HaKH nHrMeIITa IIH, :qBeTa rJIa3, BO-
JIOC II KomII. AIITpono orH pbHHO, IIa nepBhlX nopax, H 6h1 CIm3a , npOCTO
HccTynJIeHHO HCKaJIH em;e RaKHe-HHt'\Y,IJ;b qepThI, C nOMOm;hIO ROTOpbIX MOllmo
,/
63
"
PIIC. 1. reorpacPH'IeCRHe BapHaqlIH qBeTa R01KH Ha TeppHTopHH EBpOfibI
1 - O'IeHb CBeTJIaH Roma (nOi\aBJIHIOmee npeo6.rrap;aHHe OTTeHROB 1-12 no IIma.rre <1>. JIymaHa);
2 - HeCHo.rrbRO oo.rree TeJ\IHaH Roma (P;OBOJIbHO 'IaCTO BCTpe'IaIOTCH OTTeHRH 13-15)
UbIJIO 6bI OTJIHqHTb CeBeplIbIX eBpOneHneB OT IOmlIbIX, CeBeplIyIO, HJIH 6aJITHH-
CKyIO, BeTBb eBpOneOIlp;IIOII paCbI OT IOiRHOII, I1JIII Cpe)J;I13eMIIOMOpCKOH. nO-
HCInI 6bIJIIl Tm;eTlIbI: OIIH TaK H lIe yBelIqaJIIICb ycnexoM, lIe HarnJIOCb IIII
op;noro npH3IIaKa, KpOMe minfeIITa I1I1, BapIla I1H KOToporo OTJInqa.:'IIICb 6bI
CTporo 3aIWIIOMeplIbIM pacnpe)J;eJIelIHeM IIa KapTe EBpOnbI. A TaK IWI, nIlrMelI-
'Ta I1H .D:peBlIero IIaCeJIelIIIH OCTaeTCH HeIl3BeCTIIOM, TO IIeH3BeCTIIbIMII OCTa-
IOTCH II JJ;peBIIHe apeaJIbI ceBeplIbIX II IOiRlIbIX eBponeOIl)J;OB, I1X COOTHornelIIIe
Ha eBponeii:cIwH reorpacpIlqeCIwii: KapTe B palIlIHe 3nOXIf cpOp""UIpOBaIIHH eB-
poneoIlp;Hoii: paCbI.
R'aK iRe pacnpe)J;eJIelIbI ceii:qac reorpacpIIqeCKH Bce TPH npIf3IIaKa, OTpa-
maIOm;ne pa3BHTIIe nHrMelITa? HaH60JIee TeMHOKomIle JIIOP;H iRIIBYT B ceBep-
uoil 'IaCTH HU.D:I1H, AcpralIIICTaHe, TYPKMeHcIWII II A3epoaHiJ,iRanCJWH CCP,
B apa6CKIIx cTpalIax. nepCbI, apMHHe, rpY3HIIhI II p;pyrHe napo)J;bI R'aBI(a3a,
rpeKII, 60JIrapbI, IOiRIIbIe IITaJIbHHU;bI H cppalI:qY3bI, I1CnalI bI II nopTyraJIb:qbI
60JIee CBeTJIOIWiRH. XOTH H KamYTcH TeMIIOIWiRHMII npH cpaBlIelIIfII, CKaiReM,
C pycclmMII. BcnOMIIJUI HTaJIbHIICKHe cpIIJIbMbI - pa3Be repoII B IIHX He npo-
H3BOP;HT BneqaTJIeIIJIe OqelIb TeMlIbIX JIIO.D:eH? A Be)J;b B HIIX p;eHcTBYIOT JIIO,'];I1
lIe TOJIbIW H3 lOiRIIOH, 110 II I13 CeBeplIoii: HTaJIIIH, IIaCeJIelIHe KOTOpOH 3a-
MeTIIO CBeTJIee IOiRlIbIX IITaJIbHH:qeB. Em;e 60JIee CBeTJIYIO KOiRY HMeIOT ce-
64
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ffif
E:::3 I rrrnn 2
H1ffiI3
PRe. 2. reorpacPR'IeCKIIe BapIIaU1I1I n;BeTa BOJIOC Ha TeppIITopIIII EBpOlIbI
1 - MeHbllIe 50% TeMHbIX Bonoe (oTTeHHII 27,4-8 IIO IImane 3. <I>lIllIepa); 2 - 30-80% TeMHbIX
Bonoe; 3 - f)onbIIIe 80% TeMHblX Bonoe
BeplIbIe cppalIl(Y3bI H 6eJIbrHH:qbI, IIeM:qbI IOllilIbIX H eHTpaJIbHbIX paHOIIOB EB-
ponbI, xopBaTbI II CJIOBeH I>l, BenrpbI, qeXH, CJIOBaKH, YKpaIIII:qbI, pYCCKIIe
IOmlIbIX 06JIaCTeil. PYCCKHe eHTpaJIblIbIX paHOIIOB, 6eJIOPYCbI, nOJIHKII, IIeM-
:qbI ceBeplIhIX 06JIaCTelI 1I0qTlI TaK me CBeTJIOKOmII, KaK. II CKalI)];HHaBbI, ROTO-
phle COCTaBJIHIOT nOCJIe)];HIOIO cTynelIb B nmaJIe OTTeHIWB :qBeTa KomII,-
y HnK nHrMelITa OTKJIa,ZJ;bIBaeTCH OqelIb MaJIO (pIfC. 1). RapTbI pacnpOCTpa-
HelIIfH pa3JIHqlIbIX OTTelIKOB BeTa BOJIOC H rJIa3 - OT caMoro TeMlIoro )];0
caMoro CBeTJIOrO - y IIaCeJIelIIfH EBpOIlbI MaJIO OTJIIfqaIOTCH OT KapTbI pac-
npOCTpalIeIlIIH :qBeTa KOiRH (pHC. 2, 3). TaKHM 06pa30M, B EBpone MomHO
BbI)];eJIIfTb KaR 6bI IIeCIWJIbKO 3011 C IOra IIa ceBep, If IIaCeJIelIIfe KaiR)];OH no-
CJIe)J;YIOm;eH 60JIee ceBeplIoH 30lIhI 6y)];eT 3aMeTHO 60JIee CBeTJIOKOiRIfM, CBeT-
JIOrJIa3bIM II CBeTJIOBOJIOCbIlIf, qeM HapO,lJ;bI, npolliHBaIOm;He B npe)];mecTBYro-
m;eil 301Ie.
OT MopcpOJIOrHH Tenepb 06paTIfMcH K reorpacpHH H paCCMOTpIIM reorpa-
cpIflIecKIIe OqepTaHIfH CTaporo CBeTa, H B qaCTIIOCTII EBpa3I1If. ECJIH cpop-
MHpOBaHHe eBpOneOIf.D:IIOH pachl HJIH Toil KOM6HHa:qHH aHTpOnOJIOrII'IeCKIIX
npH3IIaKOB, Ha OCIIOBe KOTOpOH CcpOpMHpOBaJIaCb eBpOneOH)];HaH paca, npo-
nCXO)];IIJIO B nepe)];Heli A3IfIf, TO EBpony C nOJIlIbIM OCIIOBalIIIeM MOiRHO
pacCMaTpIIBaTb no OTlIomeHHIO R 3Ton 30lIe RaR :rrepHcpepHnHyIO 06JIaCTL.
3 B. n. .A.rreHeeeB
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PIIC. 3. reorpacPH'IeCRlIe BapHaIlIIH l\BeTa mas Ha TeppHTopHII EBpOlIbI
1- CBeTJIbIe rJIasa (oTTeHlU1 9-12 no nIRaJIe B. B. BYHaKa), BCTPe'laroTcH f)OJIl,IlIe, 'leM B 60%
CJIY'laeB; 2 - 40-60% CBeTJIbIX rJIas; 3 - 20-39,9% CBeTJIbIX rJIas; 4 - MeHbille 20% CBeTJIbIX
rJIas
ITepeAHHH A3HH JIemHT B :qeHTpe CTapOrO CBeTa, B panOHe COnpHKOCHOBe-
HHH BCeX TpeX MaTepHKOB, B TO BpellfH KaK EBpOna BbIrJIH IIT qy OBHI:qlIbIM:
no BeJIHTIHHe nOJIyoCTpOBOM e HlIoro MaTepIII\:a EBpa3nII. C 3Ton TOqKII 3pe-
HIIH JII060nbITHO, TITO HaII60JIee HHTelICHBHaH p;eIIIIrMeHTa:qHH xapaKTepHa B
EBpone He P;JIH HaCeJIeHIIH BceH ceBeplIon 301IbI, a HMelIHO P;JIH IIapO)J;OB CKalI-
JJ;HHaBHH, T. e. )J;JIH Tex IIapOp;OB, KOTOpbIe yp;aJIelIbI OT :qelITpa CTaporo
CBeTa - nepep;HeH A3IIn IIa Han60JIbmee paCCTOHIIHe. ITpIIMeTIaTeJIbHa H no-
CJIep;OBaTeJIbIIOCTb, nOCTenelIlIOCTb nOCBeTJIelIHH BOJIOC, rJIa3 n KOiRn JIIO eH
B IIanpaBJIelInH Ha ceBepO-3ana)J; OT nepep;HeH A3HH, qero IIeT BO Bcex OCTaJIb-
HbIX HanpaBJIeIIHHX.
ECJIII qHTaTeJIb em;e He orap;aJICH, Ryp;a KJIOHHT aBTOp, TO, BO BCHKOM
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yp;aTIHbIM 06'hHClIeHHellf BCex OTMeqelIlIbIX cpaKTOB, II npHTOM 06'hHClIeIIHeM,
He Tpe6yrom;IIM IIHRaRHX p;OnOJIHIITeJIbHbIX rHnOTe3, MomeT CJIymHTb relloreo-
rpacpHqeCRaH Hp;eH H. M. BaBIIJIOBa 06 OTTeCHeHHH pe:qeCCHBOB B nepncpepH-
qeCKHe paHolIbI II3 :qelITpa apeaJIa. I(BeT Komn TaKme, nO-BHp;HMoMy, pe:qec-
CHBlIbIH npII3HaK, KaK H OCTaJIbHbIe oc06elIlIocTH, CBH3alIIIbIe C )J;enIIT'MeHTa-
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66
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RIIX pe:qeCCHBlIbIX relIOB. OTTeClIelIHe HX B OKpaIIHlIbIe 06JIaCTH nOJIHOCTbIO
{)6'bHCIIHeT, nOqeMY B EBpone :qBeT BOJIOC, rJIa3 II KOiRII CBeTJIeeT C IOra IIa
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60JIbrnaH p;enIIrMeHTa:qlfH xapaKTepHa .D:JIH IIaCeJIelIlfH CKalIp.:IIlIaBIfII (IIaH-
(iOJIbrnee yp;aJIelIHe OT :qelITpa paco06pa30BaIIIIH), IIOqeMY 3TOT npo:qecc npo-
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H30JIH IIII). Ihm" 3aKOII BbITeClIeHHH pe:qeCCIIBlIbIX MyTa:qHH IIa ORpaIIHY
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I1IfOHepOB BHeceHIIH HX MeTop;OB H 3aKOHOB B alITpOnOJIOrHIO BhlcTynHJI nOqTH
60 JIeT IIa3ap; HHKoJIaiI IIBalIOBIIq BaBIIJIOB.
f. <1>. .D:e6e:q paCCI>a3bIBaJI aBTopy, qTO, noroBopHB C H. II. BaBHJIOBhlM
nOJIqaca, 011 3anOMIIHJI :3TOT pa3roBop IIa BCIO m:H3Hb - TaKHMH rJIy60RHMH
H TOHIrnMH 6bIJIH CYiK)J;eIIIIH H. II. BaBIIJIOBa no BonpocaM aHTpOnOJIOrHH,
3THorelIe3a, p;peBlIeH IICTOpHII. OrpoMlIbIH YM, aKKYMYJIHpoBaBIIIIIn rp alI .D: H0 3-
IIbIe no 06'beMY II pa3IIo06pa3HbIe 3HaHHH, OTKphlJI 06m;IIe 3aKOlIbI, p;eHcTBYIO-
I:qHe IIa Bcex ypOBHHX mII3HII H B3aIIMop;eHcTBHH 6HOJIOrHqeCKHX CHCTeM, 3a-
KOlIbI, IIIlIpOKO npIIMeHHMbIe H K 06'bHCHeHHIO 6HOJIOruqecKHx oc06elIHocTen
"IJeJIOBeKa.
1 IIl'IcbJlia H. 11. Bamr,lOua K B. n. BepHap;cRo;\lY /1 feHeTI'IRa. 1966. 2 8. C. 141.
2 Herrlich A. Beitrag zur Rassen- und Stammeskunde der Hindukusch-Kafiren. Deut-
sche in Hindukush. E., 1937.
g e601;,capoB H. H. 113 I'ICTOpl'l1'l CBeTJIblX paCOBbIX TI'IIIOB EBpa31'1II II AHTPOIIOJI. 1KYPH.
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AHTporroJIOrII'IeCRI'IH C60PHIIR, II. M., 1960. (Tp. HH-Ta 3THorpacPIIII AH CCCP. H.C.;
T.50).
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HeOJIHTa. Ho, nOmaJIYM, HaII60;;Jee Balliell .D:JIH nCTopIIRa elITpaJIbHbIll BhIBOll;
RIIHrH 0 TOM, 'ITO OqarII B03HHKIIOBeHIIH 3eMJIe.D:eJIPIeCROM KYJIbTyphI C)J;BH-
HYThI (no cpaBlIeIIIIIO C O'IarallfH )J;peBlIeHmIIX IIBHJIII3a IIM, paCIIOJIaraIO-
m;HXCR B ,ZJ;OJIIflIaX peR) B roplIbIe MeCTHOCTII, qTO lIfeCTO npOIIcxom)J;elIHH
IIaCeJIelIIIH 3TIIX ,ZJ;OJIIIII CJIeDyeT IICRaTb B oKpymaIOm;IIX roplIbIX paHOlIaX.
nOMIIMO 60TaIIHKo-reorpacpIFIeCKIIX aprYMeHTOB, B nOJIb3Y 3TOH TOqKII 3pe-
HHH H. M. BaBHJIOB upIIBeJI H IfCTOpII'IeCKIIe: HeB03l1fOmlIOCTb ocym;ecTBJIelIIIH
TIppIIra IIII B )J;OJIHlIaX 60JIbmIIX peR 6e3 YCTalIOBJIelIIfH p;ecnOTII'IeCKOH
BJIaCTII H HCIIOJIb30BalIHH TPY.D:a pa60B, B TO me BpeMH cpaBIIIfTeJIblIaH JIer-
KOCTb 06 eCTBeIIHOM opralIIf3a IIH opomelIHH B ropHbIX paMOlIax, r,ZJ;e peRH
caMOTeKOM MorYT 6bITb OTBe.n:elIbI Ha nOJIe.
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upaBJIelIlIOCTH 3Ha"IHTeJIblIa II C TO'lKH 3pelIIfH HCTOpIIKO-3THorpacpIIqeClWH,
B pH,ZJ;e CJIY'IaeB olla KOppeKTITpyeT BhIBO)J;bI IICTopIIKo-apXeOJIOrII"IeCKIIX H
3THorpacpII'IeCRIIX IfCCJIe.D:OBaIIHM. A. M. rOpbRHM nIICaJi 22 HIOHH 1927 r.
n. C. R'oralIY B CoppelITo: «Ha ;rrIIHX H uOJIY'IIfJI IIeCKOJIbKO KIIIIr, H3.n:alIlIbIX
C03,ZJ;alIlIbIM no IIIIII IIaTIIBe BJIap;IIII1lfpa IIJIbH"Ia "IIIICTIITYTOM IIplm.:'Ia IIOM
60TalIIIKII If IIOBbIX RYJIbTYP", npO'IHTaJi TPY,ZJ; rrpocp. H. II. BaBIIJIOBa "D;eIIT-
pbI npOIICXOm.D:eIIHH KYJIbTypHbIX pacTeHIIM", ero .D:OKJIa)J; 0 ,,3aRoHe rOIlWJIo""
rH'IeCRHX PH,ZJ;OB", npOClIfOTpeJI "R'apTY 3ellfJIe)J;eJIIIH CCCP" - KaR Bce 3TO
TaJIaIITJIIIBO, RaR 3IIa'IIITeJIbII0» 18.
3RClIe,ZJ;IID;IIH BTOpOM nOJIOBHlIbI 20-x - IIaqaJIa 30-x rO)J;OB paCilllIpIIJIJiI
H 6e3 TorO orpOMHYIO cpaKTHqecRYIO 6a3Y 0606m;eIIIIM, c.n:eJIaHHbIX H. M. Ba-
BHJIOBbIM.
Ocym;eCTBJIeHIIOe JIeTOM II ocelIbIO 1924 r. IfYTemeCTBHe no AcpraHHcT8-
HY 6bIJIO nO)J;p06HO onIIcalIO yqelIbIM JIIImb qepe3 nHTb JIeT 19. 3TO nOHHTHO:
MapmpYT npoJIeraJI IIO BceM cTpalIe, 6bIJI c06paH orpoMlIbIH MaTepHaJI KaR
arp060TaHIIqeCKOrO H 3KOHOMII'IeCROrO, TaR H 3TlIorpaQ)H"IeCROrO xapaRTepa.
rpOMa)J;IIbI c06palIIIbIe KOJIJIeR:qIIII. B ,ZJ;IIIIJIOMe, conpOBOm.D:aBmellf 30JIOTYIO
Me.D:aJIb IIMelIII npmeBaJIbCKOrO, ROTOpOM H. II. BaBIIJIOB 6bIJI HarpaiRp:eH
B 1925 r. BCeCOI03IIbIM reorpacpHqeCKHM 06 ecTBoM, 6bIJIO CKa3a1I0: «3a reo-
rpacpHqeCKIIH IIo.n:BIIr». B RIIIIre «3eMJIe)J;eJIbqeCRIIH AcpraHIIcTaIl», IIpel1;cTaB-
JIHIOm;eH C060M CJII IIRJIOlIe)J;HIO He TOJIbRO arpOIIOMII'IeCRHX, HO H reorpa4>II'-
qeCRHX CBeJJ:eIIHM 06 AcpralIHcTalIe, 60JIbmOe MeCTO 3aHIIMaeT H c06cTBeHIIo
3THorpacpIIH.
Cne:qIIaJIblIaH rJIaBa B HeH IIOCBHm;eHa 0630PY 3THH'IeCKOrO COCTaB3.
AcpralIIfcTalIa II TeM O"IelIb cpparMeHTapHbIlIf IICTOpII'IeCKIIM II apXeOJIot'H'Ie-
CKIIlIf CBIIl1;eTeJIbCTBaM 0 .D:peBHeM npOmJIOM CTpaHbI, ROTOpbIe 6bIJIH H3BeCTHI>f
R TOMY BpeMelIH. npIIBe.n:elIbI ;o:aHlIbIe 0 qHCJIelIHOCTH H paCCeJIeHHII KaR
caMHX HapO.D:OB, TaR II BXO)J;Hm;IIX B IIX COCTaB nJIeMeHHbIX I'pynn; RpaTKO,
HO BbIpa3HTeJIbHO onIIcalIbI oc06elIIIOCTII 6bITa, X03HMCTBa, RYJIbTYPbI; yno-
MHIIYTO 0 Bcex Tex 3TlIorpacpn'IeCKllX H HCTOpHTJ:eCRHX cpaRTax, 'RO'lOpLI6
lIforYT 61>ITb HCIIOJIb30BaHbI .D:JIH pemeHHH np06JIellfbI npOHcxom}J;elIlItI Hapo- <
73
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1!,OB. ABTOp, RaR II BO BCeX )J;PyrHx CJIY'IaHX, IICqepnl>IBaIOm;e 3IIaeT JIHTepa-
'ryPY, lIe 3a6hIBaeT HII o.n:IIoro JIIITepaTyplIoro C006m;eIIHH (IIanpHMep, YKa3a-
tIIIH M. C. AH)J;peeBa IIa IIIIOpO,ZJ;IIbIH CYOCTpaT B COCTaBe Ta,ZJ;1ImROB) ,
tIO JII060e C006m;eIIHe nO,ZJ;TBepiR,ZJ;aeT CBOIIMII Ha6JIIO.D:eHHHMII. TaK, 011 OTMe-
TIIJI pe3Koe OTJIIf'IIIe CeJIbCKOX03HHCTBelIIIOH JIeKCIIKII Ta,ZJ;iRIIKCKOro fl3bIKa 01'
APyrIIx HpaHCKIIX H3I>IROB, rrO.D:TBepm,ZJ;aIOm;ee BbIBO,ZJ; M. C. AII)J;peeBa, YCTa-
tIOBJIeHHbIH npII alIaJIII3e )J;PyrIIx 3THorpacpH'IeCRIIX MaTepIIaJIOB. ,l],JIH HYPII-
CTalI:qen 3TlIorpacpH'IeCKHe IIa6JIIO eIIIIH H. II. BaBIIJIOBa .n:o CIIX nop coxpa-
tIHIOT 3IIaqelIHe rrepBOIICTO'II1HKa HCKJIIOqnTeJIblIOH BaiRIIOCTII: onIIcalIbI
1I0CTpOMKH II TIInbI IIOCeJIeIIIIM, CeJIbCKOX03HHCTBelIIIbIH HIIBeJITapL, 3aUHTIIH
tIaCeJIelIIIH; OTMe'IelIbI pa3JIIIqHH MeiRP:Y OT,ZJ;eJIblIbIMII RHillJIaKaMH B fT3hIKe
H ObITe, 3anIIcalIa JIeKCIIKa KacpIIpCKIIX )J;IfaJIeRTOB, cpOTOI'pacpIIHMH IIJIJIIOCT-
pHpOBaII alITpOnOJIOrHqeCKIIH TIIII HypHCTalII(eB.
II3BeCTIIbIH R TOMY BpeMelIH apXeOJIOrIIqeCRHn MaTepHaJI, CBe,ZJ;eIIHbIH H
HCnOJIb30BalIIIbIH H. II. BaBIIJIOBbIM, lIe II03BOJIHJI .D:peBIIOCTb :qIIBIIJIII3a:qIIH
B AcpraHIICTalIe OTlIeCTII .n:aJIee Py6eiRa HOBOH 3p1>I. ,l],JIH ceBepHbIX paMOHOB
AcpraHHCTalIa 3TOT XpOIIOJIOI'II'IeCKHM Py6em IIailleJI IIO,ll,TBepmJJ:eIIIIe H npH
H3Y'IeIIIIII RYJIbTypnoH cp.:'IOpbI: olla lIe IIOCIIT caMOCTOHTeJIbHOrO xapaKTepa.
Ho B IOiRHbIX panollax II BOCTO'IlIbIX 06JIaCTHX, npHJIeraIOm;IIx K naKIICTaIIY,
BbUIBHJIOCb IICRJIIOqIITeJIbIIOe pa3IIo06pa3IIe RYJIbTYPlIbIX pacTelIIIM, OOIIJIHe
3II)J;eMOB (T. e. pacTelIIIH MeCTlIoro npOIICXOiR)J;eIIIIH), CBII.D:eTeJIbCTBYIO ee 0
JIpeBlIeM O'Iare 3eMJIep:eJIbqeCKOH RYJIbTypbI, O'IelIb palIlIellf pa3BIITHII 3eMJIe-
AeJIbqeCROH l(HBHJIH3al(HH. HIIRaRIIx apXeOJIOrHqeCRHX CJIe)J;OB 3TOH I(IIBIIJIH-
3aI(IIII IIaH)J;elIo Tor,ZJ;a lIe 6bIJIO, II H. II. BaBIIJIOB c)J;eJIaJI CMeJIOe npe)J;noJIo-
iRelIHe: «OTCYTcTBHe apXeOJIOrIlqeCKHX ,ZJ;oKyMeIIToB, CBH3alIIIbIX 06hIKIIoBelIHo
C ropo)J;aMII, C I(IIBIIJIIf3a IIeM B npHlIfoM CMbICJIe 3Toro CJIOBa, He eCTb em;e
nenpeMelIlIoe .n:ORa3aTeJIbCTBO OTCYTCTBHH B .D:aIIIIOH CTpaHe .n:peBlIeH 3eMJIe-
)J;eJIb'IeCROH RYJIbTypbI, 60JIee paHlIeH, 'IeM paccMoTpelIHbIe BbIille naMHTIIHRIT
IIepBbIX BeKOB )J;O IIailleH 3phI. CpaBIIIITeJIbHO-reorpacpH'IecRlIi, 60TaIIIIRo-
arpOHOMII'IeCRIIH alIaJIII3 TaKITX paHolIoB, KaK repaT, RaH.D:arap, IOrO-J'lOCTOq-
HbIM AcpraHIIcTaII C ero roplIhIMII )J;OJIIIlIaMII, IIHTelICHBHbIM THnOM 3eMJIe.D:e-
JIIIH II qpe3BI>I'IaMII0 60raThIM opIIrIIlIaJIbHI>IM IIa60pOllf COpTOB nOJIeBbIX H
oropO,ZJ;nbIX pacTeHIIH, 3aCTaBJlHeT cpIIKcIIpoBaTb BHHMalIIIe IIcTopIIRa 3eMJIe-
;J:eJIIIH IIa 3TOH 'IaCTII A3HH II nOIIbITaTbCH npolIIIRHYTb B rJIy6b HCTO-
pIIH AcpraHHcTalIa, OIIpe.'Ie.;IHeMOH apXeOJIOrII'JecRHMH .D:ORYMeHTaMH» 20.
ApxeOJIOrIT'IeCKIIe OTKpbITHH nOCJIe)J;YIOm;IIX JIeT, RaR II3BeCTHO, OTlIeCJIH ,a:aTY
IIa'IaJIa 3eMJIe.n:eJIb'IeCROM RYJIbTypbI B AcpraHIICTalIe R IV TbICH'IeJIeTHIO
AO II. 3. IT 6JIecTm:o;e no,a:TBep.n:IIJIH npe.D:nOJIOiRelIIIe BaBIIJIOBa 21.
3a AcpralIHCTalIOM B 1925 r. nOCJIe.D:OBaJI Xope3M, pe3YJIbTaTbI arpo-
60TaIIII'IeCROrO 06CJIeLWBalIIIH KOToporo 61>IJIH orry6JIHROBalII>I 'Iepe3 'IeTbIpe
rO)J;a 22. H. II. BaBIIJIOB II 3)J;eCb Bepell ce6e: OH HaqHHaeT C YKa3aHIIH Ha
HMeIOm;HeCH HCTOpII'IeCRIIe CBe)J;eHIIH, CYMMHpoBalIlIbIe B. B. EapTOJIb,a:OM IT
YBOJl:m:o;rre IICTOpHIO XHBIIIICKOI'O oa3Hca B cepe)J;HHY I TbICH'IeJIeTIIH .D:O H. 3.
B pa3.n:eJIe 0 )J;bIIIHX CRa3aHO (CO CCbIJIROH Ha IICTOpH'IeCRHe HCTO'II1HRH)
o TOM, qTO IIX BhICOKIIe Ra'IeCTBa 6bIJIH II3BeCTHbI RIITaH aM em;e BO II B. .n:o II. 3.
AIIaJIH3 COCTaBa B03.n:eJIbIBaeMI>IX paCTelIHH nORa3a.rr HecaMOCTOHTeJIbHbli
xapaRTep XHBIIIICKoro 3eMJIe,a:eJIb'IeCROrO O'Iara. Ha OCIIOBalIIIII Cxo,a:CTBa
cpOpM 011 CBH3bIBaeTCH C nepBHqlIhIM O'IarOM, JIOKaJIH30BalIIIbIM B BOCTO'JIIOM
H lOiRHOM AcpralIIICTalIe H 3ana,ll,IIOM IIIIJJ:IIII. MIIOrOJIeTHIIe pa60TbI Xope3M-
CKOM apxeOJIOrO-3THorpacpII'IeCKOM 3Kcne)J;II HH nO)J;TBep)J;HJIH 3TOT BbIBO,a:.
C nOMOI bIO apxeOJIOrIl'IeCKOro MaTepIIaJla 6bIJIO .n:ORa3aII0, 'ITO Xope3M IIO,a:-
;D;epmHBaJI B .D:peBIIOCTH HIITelICHBHbIe CBH3II C 60JIee IOiRlIbIMII paHOlIaMH.
"YBeJIII'IHJlCH H YCTalIOBJIelIlIbIM C nOMOm;bIO apXeOJIOrII'IeCRIIX p:ORYMeHTOB
74
B03paCT XOpe3MIIHmWH :qHBHJIlI3a IIII MIIIIHMYM lIa 1500-2000 JIeT, qTO He
MeHHeT, BnpO'IeM, npaBHJIbHOCTH nOJIOmeHHH 0 npOHCXOiR.n;eHHll 3ellfJIe.n;eJIHJI.
B Xope3Me no,ZJ; BJIHHlIlleM I01H:HbIX RYJIbTYPHbIX B03)J;eHCTBHH.
Ocym;eCTBJIelIlIaH B 1926-1927 1'1'. 3Rcne,ZJ;ll IIH B CTpaHbI Cpe;J;ll3eMHo-
MOpbH II B 3cpIIonIIIO 6bIJIa HCRJIIO'IllTeJIbHO nJIO,ZJ;OTBopHa B OTHomeHHll RaE
60TaIIII'IeCRIIX, TaR H 3TlIorpacpH'IeCKllX pe3YJIbTaTOB. 3a)J;YMalIlIbIH nYTe-
meCTBeHIIIIKOM 0606m;aIOm;IfH TPY)J; «3eMJIe.Il;eJIbqeCKaH A6IICCIIIIIfH» lIe 6:bIJi
HanIIcalI, 06 3Kcne,ZJ;H IIII COXpaHIIJICH JIHillb RpaTKIIlr OTqeT, a 3KClIe)J;H:qHOH-
HbIe C60PhI 6bIJIII 'IaCTII'IIIO 06pa60TalIbI H H3.D:alIbI B RIIHre «nilleIIH:qLll
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6JIIIiRaHilleM yqaCTIIH H. M. BaBIIJIOBa 23. Ho H3 ero nepenHCKH C COTPY)J;-
IIIIKaMH I1HcTHTYTa pacTelIIIeBo.n:cTBa BO BpeMH 3Rcne.n:II:qIIH, II3 RpaTRHx
.D:IIeBIIHKOBI>IX 3anIIceH, coxpalIIIBillHXCH cpoTorpacpHH BH.n:IIO, 'ITO H B 3cpno-
nIIII II B Cpe,ZJ;II3eMHoMopbe H. II. BaBHJIOB 3aIIIIMa.rrCH He TOJIbKO arp060Ta-
HIIKOH, 110 II CeJIbCKOX03HHCTBelIHOH 3TIIorpacpIIeH 2 . r JIy60KyIO ,ll,peBIIOCTb
3cpHonCKoro elITpa npOHcxom;rrelIIIH RYJIbTypHOH cpJIOpbI 011, RaK BCer.D:a,
aprYMeHTHpOBaJI lIe TOJIbRO 60TaIIII'IeCKHMII, 110 H apXeOJIOrII'IeCRHMH Ha6JIIO-
AeIIIIHMH, a IIMelIlIO cpaBIIIITeJIblIO paHHIIM B03paCTOM coxpalIHBIIIIIXCH
apXeOJIOrII'IeCKIIX nallfHTIIIIKOB B ARCYMe.
IIIITepec R IJ;eIITpa.TIbIIOll A3HH Y H. II. BaBIIJIOBa oc06elIII0 YCIIJIHJICIl
nOCJIe acpralICKoro rryTeillecTBIIH, TaR RaK YCTalIOBJIelIHe ceBepO-BOCTO'llI:bIX
rpaHHD; nepe,ZJ;IIea3IIaTCRoro :qelITpa npOIICXOiR.D:eIIIIH RYJIbTyplIbIX paCTeHHH.
eCTeCTBeIIHO, CTaJIO O.n;IIOH 113 nepBOO'Iepe.n:IIbIX ero IIayqHI>IX 3aAaq.
B 1929 r. 6bIJIa IIpOBe.n:elIa 60,jJbillaH 3Kcne)J;H:qIIH, OXBaTIIBrnaH Bce OCIIOBHbIe
3eMJIe)J;eJIbqeCRHe paHolIbI CHII:q3HHa 25. R'aR H Xope3M. OH OKa3aJICH 6e.n:eH
3II.D:eMaMH. H. I1. BaBIfJIOB nIICaJI 0 60raTbIX pe3YJIbTaTaMII HCCJIe,ZJ;OBaHllHX
A. CTeHlIa, C. <P. OJIb)J;elI6ypra H .D:PyrHx Y'IeUbIX, OTKpbUlillIIX B 3eMJIe)J;eJIb-
'IeCRlIX oa3IIcax BeJIHKOJIenlIYIO RYJIbTYPY, IIaMeTHBillIIX RapaBalIlIhle nYTR,
no KOTOpbIM illJIa TOprOBJIH R'HTan C PIIMOM II Cpe)J;Hen A3IIen. Ho ero co6-
CTBelIlIl>I€ C60PbI B03,ll,eJIbIBaeMbIX pacTeHHH, cpaBIIIfTeJIblIO 6eJJ:HbIe. lIe Mor-
JIH, RaR B AcpraHHcTalIe, npHBecTH K MbICJIII 0 e e lIe BCRpbITbIX llJIaCTaX
HCTOpHH KYJIbTypbI H 3eMJIe.n;eJIHH. O.D:IIaKO BaBIIJIOB BblHBHJI BJIHHHIIe 101'0-
3ana)J;IIOH A3HH H R'IfTaH Ha cpOpMIIpoBaHHe 3eMJIe.n:e.TIb'IeCROH RYJIbTypLI
IJ;elITpaJIblIOH A3IIII, 'ITO xopomo corJIacyeTcH C npe.Il;CTaBJIelIIIeM 0 npe06JIa-
.D:aIOm;IIX IIanpaBJIeHIIHX RYJIbTyplIl>IX H 3THII'IeCRIIX cBH3eH; OTlIfeTIIJI, qTO
oropO,ZJ;IIaH RYJIbTypa B CHH 3HlIe Haxo.n:IITCH npeHlIfym;ecTBelIHo B PYRax KO-
peH eB, ,ZJ;YlIraII H RHTaH eB - Hapo.n;OB BOCTOqlIorO IIpOIICXOiR.n:eIIIfH; nOK3-
3aJI uO'ITII nOJIHOe TOiR.n:eCTBO IICnOJIb3yeMbIx 3.n:eCb CeJIbCROX03HHcTBeHHLIx
OpY.D:IIH co cpe,ZJ;IIea3HaTCKIIMII. OKOIlqaTeJIbHbIH BbIBO)J; 0 60JIbillOH OTCTaJIoCTH
II RpaHlIell 6e.D:IIOCTH n;elITpaJIblIOa3HaTcRoro 3eMJIe.n;eJIHH 6bIJI aprYMeHTHpo-
Ball II Me,ZJ;IIRo-reorpacpH'IeCKII TeM, 'ITO Mory'IHe xpe6TbI OT)J;eJIHJIH CHII:q3HH
OT OCTaJiblIbIX paHOIIOB II 06YCJIOBHJIII OTlIOCIITeJIblIYIO 6e30lIaCIIObTb ero B OT-
HOillelIIIH 1I1lI0I'IIX HlIcpeK:qIIOIIHbIX 3a60JIeBalIIIll, pacnpOCTpalIelIHbIX B Acpra-
HllCTaHe II IIpalIe.
B )J;BYX 06IillIpubIX aMepUKaHCKIIX 3RClIe,ll,IID;IIHX 1930 II 1932-1933 rr.
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H IOmlIoH AMepHRH 26. OH nO'ITH IICqeplIbIBaIOm;e IICIIOJIh30BaJI II3BeCTHYIO
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TeJIblIbIX :qeHTpa B03HIIKIIOBelIIIH KYJIbTypHbIX paCTelIHM - :qeHTpaJIbHOaMe-
pHRaHCRHM H aHAnHCRIIH, 011 nORa3aJI orpOMHoe 3Ha'IeIIHe reorpacpH'IeCKOl'6
cpaRTopa B pa3BIITIIH 3eMJIe,ll,eJIbqeCROH RYJIbTYPbI HMeHHO B 3THX paMOHax.
npH YCTaHOBJIeHIIH :qeHTpOB B03HHRHOBeHllH II paCCeJIelIIIH OTAeJILlibIX BH.n;O.
75
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«YJIhTYPlIbIX paCTeHIIH IIM illIIpOKO upIIBJIeKaJIHCb MaTepIIaJIbI apXeOJIOI'H'Ie-
CI,HX paCROnOK. MaTepHaJIhI, C06paHIIbIe B AMepHRe, n03BOJIIIJIH H. II. Ba-
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:qHHX, ROTOpbIe OTJIIIqaIOTCH ero MaKCHMaJIbuOH qaCTOTOII, O IelIb neBeJIHKa II
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norryJIfl:qHH. Bce iRe H B 3TOM CJIyqae reorpacpHqeCKOrO pacnpeD;eJIelIIIH pe-
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95
1 CM.: KeJtep B. CepreH BaBIIJIOB. M., 1961.
2 BaBu.rwB H. If. 113 BocrrOMIIHaHIIH 0 H. H. XYP;HKOBe 1/ C60PHlIK HaY'IHbIX pa60T II BOC-
IIO:\IIIHaaIIll, nOCJ;}llI\eIIIIbIX lIa:\UITIl rrpoq,eccopa HIIKOJIan Hm-':OJIaeBII'Ia XYP;HKOBR.
M., 1929.
3 PeBeWKOBa A. If. HIIKOJIaH I1BaHoBlI'I BaBIIJIOB, 1887-1943. M., 1962. C. 12-13.
(, PHP;OM C H. M. BaBIIJIOBbIM: Co. BocrrOMIIHaHIIH. M., 1963. C. 50-51.
5 TaM 1Ke. C. 51.
B BaBu.!toB H. If. COBpeMeHHble 3ap;a'llI CeJIbCKOX03HHcTBeHHoro pacTeHlIeBop;cTBa IIM36p.
Tp. M.; JI., 1965. T. 5. ,D;JIH paooT, BOmep;IIIIIX B flTO 1I3p;aHlIe, rrepBolI3p;aHIIH MHOH He
YKa3blBaIOTcn.
7 Ou :!ICe. 0 rrpOHCX01Kp;eHIIII KYJIbTypHOH p1K1I II TaM 1Ke. M.; JI., 1962. T. 3.
6 PHP;OM C H. M. BaBIIJIOBI>IM C. 65. Crrel\lIaJIbHO 0 paooTe B CapaToBe CM.: KOPOTKO-
Ba T. If. H. M. BaBIIJIOB B CapaToBe (1917-1921). CapaTOB, 1978; Oua :!ICe. llP;TII BIle-
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11 BaBu.!!oB H. If. TIOJIeBble KYJIbTypbI IOro-BocToKa 1/ M30p. Tp. M.; JI., 1960. T. 2.
12 Ou :!ICe. R rr03HaHlIIO MHrKIIX rrlIIeHIIl\ (clIcTeMaTIIKo-reorpacPlI'IeCKHH flTIOp;) II TaM me.
C.398.
13 0 HIIX CM.: KOMapoB B. JI. TIpoIICX01Kp;eHlIe KYJIbTYPHbIX pacTeHIIH. M.; JI., 1938;
CTaulioB B. JI. 113 IICTOpllII Borrpoca 0 npOIICX01Kp;errIIII Ky.'lbTypHbIX paCTeHIIlI (P. Bpo-
YH - A. ,D;eKaHp;OJIb - H. BaBlIJIoB) II BorrpOCbI 3BOJIIOQIIII, olIoreorpaq,HII, reHeTlffiII II
CeJIeKl\lIlI. M.; JI., 1960.
U BaBu.wB H. 11. IJ;eHTpbI rrpOIICX01Kp;eHHH KYJIbTYpHbIX pacTeHIIH II 1130p. Tp. T. 5. CM.
TaK1Ke: Ou J/Ce. 0 BOCTO'IHT,JX I eHTpax rrpoIIcxonqeHIIH KYJIbTypRb1X paCTeHIIH II Ho-
BbIlI BocToK. 1924. oM 6.
15 CM. 06 3TOM: IfnaTbeB H. If. 0 p;lIcPcPepeHQHaJIbHOH reorpacPlIlI KYJIbTYPHbIX pacTeHIIii:
B paooTax H. 11. BaBIIJIOBa II BonpocbI flBOJIIOl\IIII, olIoreorpacPlIlI, reHeTIIKII II CeJIeK-
l\lm; 01i :!ICe. ,D;lIcPcPepeHl\lIaJIbHaH CIICTeMaTIIKa II p;lIcPcPepeHl\HaJIbHaH reorpacPlIH
pacTeHIIH. MIIHCK, 1971.
16 BaBu.!toB H. If. IJ;eHTpbI rrpolIcxomp;eHIIH KYJIbTYPHbIX pacTeHIIH. C. 19.
17 TaM me. C. 89.
18 rOpbKUU A. M. Coop. CO'l.: B 30 T. M., 1955. T. 30. C. 26.
'9 BaBu.!!oB H. If., BYKuHu'l J{. J{. 3eJ\1JIep;eJIb'leCKHH AcPraHlIcTaH 111130p. Tp. M.; JI.,
1959. T. 1. BOJIee 1I03p;Hlrn, rrOCMepTHO orrYOJIIIKOBaHHbIH 0030P rrYTelIIeCTBIIH: BaBu-
.!tOB H. If. TIHTb KOHTIIHeHTOB. IIoBecTb 0 rrYTelIIeCTBIIHX B rrOIICKax HOBbIX pacTeHIIH.
M., 1962; 2-e 1I3p;. JI., 1987.
20 BaBu.!tOB H. If., BYKU1iU'l J{. J{. YKa3. CO'l. C. 102.
21 C:\I., Hanp.: CapuaHuiJu B. If. ,D;peBHlIe 3eMJIep;eJIbl\bI AcPraHIICTaHa. M., 1977.
22 BaBu.!toB H. If. B03p;eJIblBaeMble pacTeHIIH XIIBIIHcKoro oa3lIca: (BoTaHIIKo-arpoHOMII-
'1eCKHH O'lepK) 111130p. Tp. T. 2. CM. TaK1Ke: 01i :!ICe. TIHTb KOHTHHeHTOB.
23 01i :!ICe. COBeTCKaH flKcrrep;IIl\IIH B AOIICCIIHIIII 1/ M30p. Tp. T. 5. CM. TaK1Ke: OH :!ICe.
TIHTb KOHTIIHeHTOB: CYPUHOB B. M., CPaiJeeB JI. A. AcPPIIKaHCKIle flKcrrep;IIl\1I1I H. M. Ba-
BIIJIOBR /1 O'iepliI1 HCTOpIJII PYCCIWlr 3TIlOrpacPIIII, cPOJIbIWOfJ1JCTln;n II aHTpOrrOJIOnIII,
V. M., 1974. (Tp. I1H-Ta flTHorpacPlI1I AH CCCP. H.C.; T. 102).
2& PHp;OM C H. 11. BaBIIJIOBbIM. C. 183-189.
25 HaBU.WB H. If. POJIb IJ;eHTpaJIbHOlI A3IIII B rrpOIICX01K,'1errHII ItYJIbTYPHbIX paCTeHIIH
(rrpe.o;BapIITeJIbHOe COOVlI\eHIIe 0 pe3YJIbTaTaX 3Rcne II ruI B J (eHTpaJIbHYIO A3InO B
1929 1'.) II M30p. Tp. T. 2; OH :!ICe. TIHTb KOHTIIHeHTOB.
26 BaBu.!!oB H. If. MeKclIKa II IJ;eHTpaJIbHaH AMepIlKa KaK OCHOBHOii: l\eHTp rrpolIcxomp;e-
HIIH KYJIbTYPHbIX pacTeHIIH HOBoro CBeTa II M30p. Tp. T. 2; OH 1Ke. BeJIIIKIle 3eMJIep;eJIb-
'1eCKHe KYJIbTYPbI P;OKOJIYMOOBOH AMeplIKII II IIX B3alIMOOTHomeHIIH II TaM 1Ke. CM.
TaK1Ke: OH :!ICe. IIHTb KOHTIIHeHTOB.
27 Ol\eHKY pe3YJIbTaTOB OOTaHII'IeCKHX flKCrrep;IIl\IIH BaBIIJIOBa B l\eJIOM CM.: rpYMM-
rp:!ICUMau.!tO A. r. B rrOIICKax paCTIITeJIbHbIX peCYPcoB MlIpa: (HeKOTopble Hayq:Hble
IITOrlI rryremecTBIIH aKap;eMIIKa H. M. BaBIIJIOBa). M.; JI., 1962; 2-e 1I3p;. 1987; IIonoB-
CKUU M. Hap;o crrelIIlITb. TIYTelIIecTBIIH aKap;eMIIKa H. H. BaBIIJIOBa. M., 1968; Pea-
1iun C. HlffiOJIaH BaBlIJIoB. M., 1968. B CBH31I C rrpa3p;HOBaHlIeM 100-JIeTIIH co P;HH P01K-
p;eHIIH H. H. BaBIIJIOBa ero OCHOBHbIe paooTbI ObIJIII rrepelI3p;aHbI B 'IeTblpex COOPHII-
Kax: HMMYHIITeT pacTeHIIH K IIHcPeKl\IIOHHbIM 3aOOJIeBaHIIHM. M., 1986; TIpolIcxomp;e-
HlIe II reorpacPHH KYJIbTypHbIX pacTeHIIH. JI., 1987; 3aKoH rOMOJIOrlI'IeCKIIX pHP;OB B
HaCJIep;CTBeHHoH 1I3MeH'IIIBOCTII. JI., 1987; TeOpeTII'IeCKHe OCHOBbI CeJIeKl\IIII. M., 1987.
,D;JIH MHorlIX paccMaTplIBaeMblx B CTaTbe BorrpOCOB Ba1KHa ero rreperrlIcKa, KOTO-
paH elI\e 1Kp;eT crrel\lIaJIbHOrO aHaJIII3a: BaBu.!toB H. If. 113 3rrlICTOJIHPHoro HaCJIep;IIH
1911-1928 1'1'. II Hayq:Hoe HaCJIep;CTBO. M., 1980. T. 5; OH :!ICe. 113 flnlICTOJIHpHOrO Ha-
CJIep;IlH 1929-19401'1'. II TaM 1Ke. M., 1987. T. 10.
96
28 06 flTOM CM.: POCKUH A. RapaBaHbI, )J;OpOI'l'I, KOJIOCbH. M., 1932; Bapa1iOB II. A. OoaH-
HIIe Y'leHoro: (IIaMHTl'I HIIKOJIaH I1BaHoBl'I'Ia BaBl'IJIoBa) II BorrpocbI 3BOJIIOI(IIII, 61I0-
reorpacPlIII, reHeTIIKH l'I CeJIeKI(IIII; PH)J;OM C H. 11. BaBIIJIOBbIM; BorrpocbI reorpacPlI lI
KYJIbTypHbIX pacTeHIIH II H. 11. BaBIIJIOB. M.; JI., 1966.
H. 11. BaBIIJIOB )J;yMaJI 1I0CBHTIITb CBOl'I CIIJIbI B )J;aJIbHeHmeM rrop:rOTOBKe KPYIIHbIX
TPY)J;OB 110 IICTOpIIl'I 3eMJIep;eJIl'IH, B TOM '1IICJIe MOIIOrpacPIIH 110 IICTOpII!I 3eMJIep;eJIb'le-
CKoii KYJIbTypbI EBporrbI II 3eMHOI'O mapa. CM.: BaXTeeB l1>. X., JIe6eiJeB J{. B., JIun-
wUlf C. EO. AKa,qeMIIK HIIKOJIaH I1BaHOBII'I BaBIIJIOB 1/ BaBIIJIOB H. M. M30p. Tp. T. 1;
CU1icna1/, E. H. H. 11. BaBIIJIOB KaK reorpacP (no JII!:'1HbIM BOCIIOMl'IHaHIIHM) II ll3B. Bce-
COI03. reorp. O-Ba. 1963. T. 95, Bbm. 1.
29 BaBu.!wB H. If. IIp06JIeMa IIpOIICX01K,qeHIIH KYJIbTypHbIX pacTeHIIH B COBpeMeHHoM 110-
HlBIaHIIII II 1136p. Tp. T. 5.
30 01i :!ICe. EOTaHIIKo-reorpacPlI'IeCKHe OCHOBbI ceJIeRQIIII: (Y'IeHIIe 06 I!:CXOP;HOM MaTe-
pl!:aJIe B CeJIeKI IIII) II TaM 1Ke. T. 2.
31 BbI,I1eJIeHlle B rrpep;eJIax Ooel'IX A1Iepl'IK P;BYX qeHTpoB BrrepBble rrpOII3BegeHo IIM B
1932 r. CM.: BaBu.!wB H. If. IIpooJIeMa IIpOI!:CX01Kp;eHIIH MIIpOBoro 3eMJIep;eJIIIH B CBe-
Te COBpeMeHHbIX IICCJIep;OBaHIIH 1/ 1136p. Tp. T. 5.
32 01i :!ICe. Y'IeHl!:e 0 rrpOIICX01Kp;eHIIII KYJIbTypHbIX pacTeHIlii IIOCJIe ,l];apBlIHa II TaM 1Ke.
CM. TaK1Ke: 01i :!ICe. IIHTb KOHTl'IHeHTOB; A. enceeB B. n. CTaHOBJIeHlle '1eJIOBe'leCTBa.
M., 1984.
33 CM., HalIp.: CU1icna1/, E. H. RYJIbTypHaH cPJIopa ,l];peBHero ,l];Bype'lbH (MeconOTaMIIH) II
113B. Pyc. reorp. O-Ba. 1961. oM 5; OHa :!ICe. Y'IeHl'Ie H. 11. BaBIIJIOBa 06 IICTopIIKo-reo-
rpacPII'IeCKIIX o'larax pa3BIITIIH RYJIbTypHOII cPJIOPbI II BorrpocbI reorpaqJIIII KYJIbTYP-
HbIX paCTeHI!:H I!: H. 11. BaBIIJIOB; JIuculfb 1ia r. H. OpomaeMoe 3eMJIep;eJIIIe 3110XII
flHeOJIIITa Ha lOre TypKMeHIIII. M., 1965; OHa :!ICe. CTaHOBJIeHlIe I!: pa3BIITIH' opomaeMO-
1'0 3e1megeJIIIH B I01KHOII TYPRMeHIIII. M., 1978; JIuculfb 1ia r. H., IIpUUfene1inO JI. B.
IIaJIe03THOOOTaHII'IeCKHe HaXO)J;KI!: RaBKa3a II EJIlIiKHerO BocToKa. M., 1977; B03HHK-
HOBeHlle II pa3BIITIIe 3eMJIep;eJIIIH. M., 1967; JKynoBcKuu n. M. RYJIbTYPHble paCTeHIIH
l'I !IX Copo,qI!:'1I!:. JI., 1964; OH :!ICe. HeRoTopble 1I0JIYBeROBble IITorII II3Y'1eHIIH ?oIllpOBOii:
reorpacPIIII I!: flBOJIIOI(l'IOHHbIX 3aKoHoMepHocTeH reHI(eHTpOB KYJIbTYPHbIX pacTeHlIll
RaR OCHOBbI C03,qaHIIH B CCCP IICxo,qHoro MaTepllaJIa )J;JIH CeJIeRQlI1I II feHeTl'IRa. 1967.
oM 10.
COJ\lHeHl'IH, BblCKa3aHHble B OTHomeHHII p;peBHOCTl'I flcPl'IOrrCKOro I(eHTpa (Tu-
TOB B. C. IIepBoe OOll\eCTBeHHoe pa3p;eJIeHIIe TpY)J;a. ,l];peBHellml'Ie 3eMJIep;eJIb'leCKlle
II CKOTOBo,q'leCKlle rrJIeMeHa II RpaT. COOOIl\. I1H-Ta apxeoJIormr. 1962. BbIll. 88), He 1Ie-
HHIOT oOll\ell KapTIIHbI.
3& BaBu.n.oB H. If. feorpacPlI'IeCKIIe 3aRoHoMepHOCTl'I B pacrrpe,qeJIeHI!:II reHOB KYJIbTYPHbIX
paCTeHIIII II Tp. 110 npllRJI. 60TaHl'IRe l'I CeJIeKI(IIII. JI., 1927. T. 17, BbIII. 3; OH :!ICe. MII-
pOBble qeHTpbI COpTOBbIX 60raTCTB (reHOB) KYJIbTypHbIX paCTeHlIll /1 II30p. Tp. T. 5;
01i :!ICe. feorpacPII'ICCll:aH JIOKaJIII3aIWH reHOB nmeHIII( Ha 3e11ROM mape II Ta)I 1Ke.
35 CM. JIIOOYIO oomlIpHYIO CBOP;RY no paCOBep;eHIIIO, Harrp.: Eickstedt E. Die Rassenges-
chichte der Menschheit. Stuttgart, 1934; Coon C. (with Hunt E.). The living races of
man. N. Y., 1965.
36 0630p: A.n.UJIWH A. ,l];OI!:CTOplI'IeCKaH AcPpIIRa. M., 1960.
37 CM., Hanp.: IIpOIICX01K,qeHl!:e '1eJIOBeKa I!: ,qpeBHee paCCeJIeHIIe '1eJIOBe'leCTBa. M., 1951.
(Tp. I1H-Ta flTHorpacPIIII AH CCCP. H.C.; T. 16).
38 IIop;oop cPaRToB CM.: K.n.apn r. ,lJ,oIIcTOpl!:'1eCKaH EBporra: 3ROHOMII'IeCKIIH o'lepK. M.,
1953; KO.n.blfOB JI. B. IDIIHaJIbHbIH lIaJIeOJIIiT l'I Me30JIIIT I01KHOlllI BOCTo'IHOll IIp1I6aJI-
TIIKII. M., 1977.
39 IIaHollRyMeHHble KapTbI J\IHOrl'IX rrpII3HaKOB, He OTpa1KalOll\l'Ie, rrpaB,qa, Bcen rrOJIHOTbI
HaKOrrJIeHHbIX )J;aHHbIX, CM.: Lundman B. Umriss der Rassenkunde des Menschen in
ge chichthchel' Zpit. Koppenhagen. J932; Idem. Geogranhische ,\nthl'opogie. Stutt-
gart. 1968; Biaslltti R. Razze i popoli della terra: In 4 vol. Torino, 1959-1960.
(,0 Y1Ke eCTb oomllpHblC CBO,qRl'I p;aHHbIX: MOllrant A. The distribution of human blood
groups. Oxford, 1954; MOllrant A., Kopec A. Domaniewska-Sobczak K. Distrihution of
human blood groups and other polimorphisms. L., 1976; Die neue Rassenkunde/Hrsg.
I. Schwidetzky. Stuttgart, 1962; Schwidetzky I. Erganzte Karten fUr Hauptleisten-
merkmale pml PTS SchmackIeigkeit /i Homo. 196fi. Bd. 17, H. 1; Prokop 0., Uhlen-
bmck G. Lehrbuch der menschlichen Blut- und Serumgruppen. Leipzig, 1966.
41 0030p cPaRTOB l'I rIIrrOTe3 CM.: [)rJjpOUMCOH B. n. I1J\IMYHoreHeTIIKa. M., 1971.
42 M3 1I0CJIep;Hl'IX KHl'Ir Ha ::ny TeMY CM.: Mu.n.bnoB l1>. H. 1D1I31!:'1eCRaH reorpacPlIH: COBpe-
MeHHoe COCTOHHlIe, 3aKOHOMepHOCTII, rrp06JIeMbI. BopoHe1K, 1981.
43 CBOP;KY ,qaHHblx CM.: nepe.n.bMa1i A. If. feOXIIMIIH JIaHAIlJacPTa. M., 1966.
u BU1ioepaiJoB A. n. ElIoreOXIIMlI'leCRIIe IIpOBIIHI(l'III II Tp. 106IIJIeHHOII ceCCIIII, rrOCBH-
ll\eHHOii CTOJIeTIIIO co P;HH p01K,I1eHIIH B. B. ,l];oKY'laeBa. M.; JI., 1949; 01i :!ICe. Elloreo-
XIIJ\III'IeCRl'Ie rrpOBl'IHI(IIl'I II ux pOJIb B OpraHU'IeCKoii: aBOJIlOqlIJI II feoxlIMIIH. 1963.
4 B. II. AmmceeB
97
Iii
;M 3; l(oBa,n,bcnuu B. B. HOBbIe HanpaBJIeHl'IH l'I sap;a'lII Ol'IOJIOrl'I'IeCROH Xl'IJ\IlIII CeJIL-
CROX03HHCTBeHHbIX mllBOTHbIX B CBHSl'I C l'I3Y'IeHl'IeM 6l'IOreOXl'IMII'IeCKIIX IIpOBIIHl\IIH.
M., 1958; ON :!ICe. reOXIIMII'IeCRaH 3RoJIOI'IIHIIIIpIIpo)J.a. 1964. oM 3; ON :!ICe. reoxl'IlIm-
'1eCRaH 3KOJIOrl'IH. M., 1974.
45 IIOJIHbIH IIO)J.OOP )J.aHHblx C YKa3aHl'IeM JIIITepaTypbI M01KHO HaHTl'I: Schwidetzky 1.
Neuere Entwicklungen in del' Rassenkunde des Menschen II Die neue Rassenkunde.
46 CBo)J.Ra )J.aHHLIX II JIIITepaTypbI: A,n,enceeBa T. If. reorpacPlI'leCRaH cpep;a II 6l'IOJIOrl'IH
'1eJIOHeRa. M., 1977.
47 A,n,e1;;CeeB B. n. reorpacPl'IH 'IeJIOBe'leCRIIX pac. M., 1974; 01i :!ICe. reorpacPII'IeCRII
O'iarlI cPOpMl'IpOBaHl'IH '1eJIOBe'leCRl'IX pac. M., 1985.
4S BY1ian B. B. 'leJIOne'IeCRIfe paCDI II UYTII IIX 00pa30BaHII11 II COHo 3TIlOrpacPIIH. 19;);).
oM 1.
49 IIepBbIe c1JOPMYJIlIpOBRII rl'IrrOTeSbI O'iarOB pacooopa30BaHIIH CM.: A,n,eKceeB B. n. BbI-
cTynJIeHlle Ha Cl'IMlI03nyllle «lDaRTopbI paco06pa30BaHl'IH, MeTop;bI paCOBoro aHaJIII3a"
rrpIIHl\II11bI paCOBbIX RJIaCCIIcPl'IRal\l'IH» II BOllp. aHTpOrrOJIOrl'III. 1965. Bbm. 20; ON :!ICe.,
K 06ocHoBaHllIO rrorrYJIHl\IIOHHOH ROHl\errl\l'Il'I paCbI II IIpOO$MbI 3BOJIIOl\IIIf '1eJIOBeKa
II ero pac. M., 1968; ON :!ICe. Cl'I6l'Ipb RaR o'lar pacooopaSOBaHl'IH II IIp06JIeMbI l'ICTOpII-
'1eCROH 3THorpacPl'I1I l'I aHTpOrrOJIOrlll'I ASIIII. M., 1968.
50 Herrlich A. Beitrag zur Rassen- und Stammeskunde del' Hindukusch-Kafiren II Deut-
sche in Hindukusch. B., 1937; J{e6elt r. l1>. AHTpOrrOJIOrH'IeCKlle IICCJIe)J.OBaHIIH B AcP-
raHIlCTaHe II COB. flTHorpacPlIH. 1967. oM 4.
51 q e60KcapOB H. H. 113 l'ICTOpIIII CBeTJIbIX paCOBbIX THIlOB EBpaSl'I1I II AHTPOIIOJI. 1KYPH.
1936. oM 2.
52 A. eKceeB B. n. reHeTIIRa l'I aHTpOrrOJIOrlIH II HayRa II 1K1I3Hb. 1969. oM 9. CM. TaR1Ke,
IIpe;:\brp;YII'\IIH pa3p;eJI flTOH RHIIrIl.
53 POZU1icnuu H. H. 3aROHOMepHOCTII rrpOCTpaHCTBeHHoro paClIpep;eJIeHIIH rpynrr RpOBl'I Y
'1eJIOBeKa: (K rrpOOJIeMe aHTpOIIOJIOrl'Il'I «ORpal'IHHbIX HapOp;OB») II Tp. I1H-Ta 3THorpa-
cPlIlI AH CCCP. H.C. 1947. T. 1.
54 HaTUlUBU,n,u A. H., A6iJYlUe,n,ulUBu,n,1l M. r. IIpep;Bapl'ITeJIbHbIe p;aHHble 00 aHTpOIIOJIO-
rll'leCRIIX IICCJIep;OBaHIIHX rpysIIHCKoro Hapop;a II KpaT. coooII'\. I1H-Ta 3THorpacPIIII AH
CCCP. 1955. T. 22.
55 CM. 06 flTOM: A,n,eKceeB B. n. HeROTOpbIe rrp06JIeMbI rrpOIICX01Kp;eHl'ISI OaJIKapl\eB l'I Ra-
pa'iaeBlWB B CBeTe p;aHHbIX ilH1pO:IO.iIOrIlII II 0 rrpOIICXOlli;J;eHIII1 Ga';IKap eB II Kapa'la-
eBl\eB. HaJIb'll'IR, 1960; ON :!ICe. AHTpOrrOJIOrII'IeCRlle p;aHHble R rrpOIlCX01Kp;eHIIIO oce-
Tl'IHCROrO Hapop;a II IIpOIICX01K)J.eHlIe OCeTl'IHCKOrO HapO)J.a. OPP;1KOHl'IRII,o:3e, 1967.
56 J{ e6e lt r. l1>. AHTpOrrOJIOrH'IeCKIIe IICCJIe,o:OBaHIIH B ,l];arecTaHe II AHTpOrrOJIOrH'IeCKl'IH
C60PHl'IR, I. M., 1956. (Tp. I1H-Ta flTHorpacPlI1I AH CCCP. H.C.; T. 33); 01i :!ICe, AHTpO-
rro:rrorlI'IeCRlle TIIlIbI II Hapo,o:bI KaBRa3a. M., 1960. T. 1.
57 IIo,o:pooHee 00 3TOM CM.: A,n,enceeB B. n. AHTpOIIOJIOrlI'IeCKlIe p;aHHblC R rrpOOJIeMe
rrpOIlCX01K,o:eHIIH Hace:rreHlIH l\eHTpaJIbHbIX rrpep;rOpl'IH KaBRascKoro xpeoTa II AHTPO-
rro:rrOIWleCKIIH C60PHIII>, IV. M., 1968 (Tp. I1H-Ta 3TIIorpacPIIII AH CCCP. H.C.; T. 82).
58 nOnOB M. (COBM. C MapROBbIM r.). AHTpOIIOJIOrlIH Ha 6'bJIrapCRl'Ie napo,o:. C., 1959.
T. 1: IDII3H'IeCKII 06JIIIK Ha O'bJIrapl'ITe.
59 IIpe,o:BaplITeJIbHOe COOOII'\eHIIe CM.: POlllianos A. AHTPOlIo:rrOI'II'1eCRIIH COCTaB Hapo,o:oB
Ha TeppIITOplll'I Me1K,o:y 3reHCKIIM MopeM II ,l];ynaeM II I Congr. intern. etud. Balkan.
et sud-est europ.: Res. commun., ethnogr. et arts. Sofia, 1966.
60 MOllrant A. Kopec K., Domaniewska-Sobczak K. The ABO blood groups. Comprehen-
sive tables and maps of world distribution. Oxford, 1958.
61 Walter H. Die Bedeutung del' serologischen Merkmale IiiI' die Rassenkunde II Die neue
Rassenkunde. BOJIee rrop;p06HaH RapTa: A,n,enceeB B, n. reHoreorpacPIIH '1eJIOBeKa II
ee 3aKOHOMepHOCTII II HaYKa lI'Ie:rrOBe'leCTBO. M., 1968.
62 Walter H. Die Bedeutung del' serologischen Merkmale IiiI' die Rassenkunde. TaM 1Ke
II RapTbI reorpacPlI'IeCKOrO pacrrpocTpaHeHII11 aJIJIeJIelI rpyrrrr RpOBII, ROTOpbIe 6YP;YT
YIIOMHHYTbI p;aJIbme. IIpIIBOP;lIJ\lblC 3,o:ecb RapTbI ,o:olIOJIHeHbI lIS pa3HbIx l'ICTO'lHIIROB.
63 Bopo1iOB A. A. 3THorpacPIIH OCHOBHbIX TIIIIOB rarrTOrJIOOIIHa - CbIBOpOTO'lHoro 6eJIKa
RpOBII II COB. 3THorpacPl'IH. 1968. oM 2; A,n,uMoBa M. M. reHoTllrrbI II cPeHoTIIrrbI rarr-
TorJI06l'IHa II reHeTl'IRa. 1968. T. 4. oM 8.
oI. 17 avilov N. The low of homologous series in variation II J. Genet. 1922. VoL 12, N 1;
BaBu,n,oB H. If. 3aKoH rOJ\IOJIOrH'IeCRIIX pH,o:OB B HaCJIep;CTBeHHoH II3MeH'IIIBOCTII II
M30p. Tp. T. 5.
ti5 CM., Harrp.: IfnaTbeB A. H. 3aKoH rOMOJIOrH'IeCRIIX pHP;OB B HaCJIep;CTBeHHoH 1I3MeH-
'JIIBOCTII II ero c.rIe,lCTBIIH I! Co. nay'l. Tp. EeJIoPYc. C,-X. aKa". rOpRII, 1967, T. 49;
BIIOJIOrl'IH l'I arpOTeXHIIKa CeJIbCKOX03HHcTBeHHbIX RYJIbTyp; f(upnUlt1iUnOB B. C. ro-
MOJIOrlI'IeCKaH HaCJIep;CTBeHHOCTb l'I flBOJIIOl\l'IH casaHa (Cyprinus carpio L.) II reHc-
Tl'IRa. 1967. oM 2; BopoNltoB H. H. 3BOJIlOQllH rrIlII'\eBaplITeJIbHOH Cl'ICTeMbI rpbI3YRO&
(MblIlIe06pa3Hbre). HOBocIIonpcR, 1967.
98
116 BaBu.!!oB H. If. BbICTYIIJIeHlle Ha CUBell\aHIIII IIO reHeTIIRe l'I CeJIeRl(lI11 111130p. Tp.
T. 5. C. 397.
ti7 0 cOBpeJ\IeHHOM rrOHIIMaHl'III rOMOJIOrII'IeCROH l'I3MeH'lIlBOCTII CM.: Bopo1iljoB H. H.
o roMOJIOrIIQeCKOH: II3J\ICH'IIIBOCTII II IIpOOJIeMbI KII6epHenIKII. M., 1966. BbIII. 16.
.ti8 J]o6auteB M. E. IIoJIBeRa cOBeTCKOH: reHeTl'IKII /I reHeTIIKa. 1967. oM 10. C. 25.
-4;9 Dogel W. Polymerisation als ein Prinzip del' progressiven Entwicklung boi Protozo-
en II BioI. Zentr.-BI. 1929. Bd. 49, N 8.
. 70 J{oee.!!b B. A. OJIl'IrOMepII3al\l'IH rOMOJIOrll'lHbIX opraHOB RaK rrpe06JIap,aIOIl\IIH IIp UH l\l'I1I
rrporpeccIIBHoil: 3BOJIIOl\l'III y MHOrOKJIeTO'lHbIX II Apx. aHaTOMl'Il'I, rl'ICTOJIOrl'I1I II 3M6pl'Io-
JIorl'Il'I111936. T. 15. oM 3.
11 j{oee.!!b B. A. OJIllrOMepIl3al\l'IH rOMOJIOrll'lHbIX opraHOB KaK Op,l'IH l'I3 rJIaBHbIX rryreil:
3BOJIIOl\IIl'I 1KIIBOTHbIX. JI., 1954.
-72 CM.. Hang.: JKaoeHoB B. H. CpaBHIITeJIbHaH aHaTOMIIH npIIMaTOB. M., 1962.
73 ; .viiHhIe cpOP !Y':lbI pa3Hblx ClIC1 e1laTIIQeCI,IIX rpYlI1I npUJ\IiHOB rrpIIBeL(eHbI n Iia1K:\O.\f
KPYIIHOM PYROBop,CTBe rro rrpIlMaTOJIOrl'IlI.
H 3y6oB A. A. IIopHp,oR pep;YRl\l'III 6yropRoB II rrplIo6peTeHIIe Y30pa KOpOHRII rrOCTOHH-
HbIX IUlllilIIIX .\IOJUlpOB '1eJIOBeR3 rrpII lIepexo;J:e OT IIHTII6yropIioBoro TIIIIa K Tpex6yrop-
KOBmlY IIVn Me1Kp,YHap. Romp. aHTpOrrOJI. II [!THOrp. HaYK. M., 1964.
-15 CM., Harrp.: Kuape.!!.!!u B. BbICTYIIJIeHl'Ie Ha CIIMII03I1Y'\Ie «IIpo6JIeMa rpaHl'I Me1KAY 1Kl'I-
BOTHbIMII II '1eJIOBeROM» II Borrp. aHTpOrrOJIOrl'IlI. 1965. Bblll. 19; Chiarelli B. Caryolo-
g;P comparee et evolution clwz les singes catarrhina II Tp. YII Melli;J:YHap. KOHrp.
aHTpOrrOJI. l'I 3THOrp. HayK. M., 1968. T. 3.
76 3TOT cPaliT 6bIJI YCTaHOBJIeH B 1956 r.
'77 BOJIblllOII MaTepl'IaJI p,JIH CY1Kp,eHIIH 06 f!TOM COp;ep1KIITCH B RH.: Coon C. The origin
of races. L., 1963.
'78 0630P cPaKTOB CM. B JIIOOOH: RpynHOil: CBop,Ke rro paCOBOMY COCTaBY 3eMHoro lIIapa,
H 'JaCTHOCTII B KHIIrax, YKa3aHHbIX B rrpl'IMe'l. 35.
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(B3f JIH,D:bI aHTpOnOJIOfOB)
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alITpOlIOJIOrIIqeCKIIX II 3TlIorpacpII'IeCKIIX IIaYK B MocRBe B aBrYCTe 1964 r.
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clIoc06aM IIHTepnpeTa.O:IIII cpaKTOB, 60JIee cpopMaJIII30BaHHbIM, 'IeM B P,PyrIIx
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100
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101
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105
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JII2Irnb KaiRym;aHcH 06'heKTHBH3a IIH npef],MeTa 3KO.'IOrIIl1 qeJIOBeRa.
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106
P. Mile npep;CTaB.TIHeTCH, 'ITO crrop O'IelIh KOlIcTpyKTHBeH, HarnH BhICRa-
3bIBarrIIH He TOJIbKO rrpOHCIIHIOT B3aIIMIIhle rr03H HI2I, HO II crroc06CTBYIOT BbI-
HClIelIIIIO IICTIIlIbI. Oc06elIHO HHTepeCHbIMII II 3aCJIymIIBaIOm;HMII BHIIMalIHJl
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qaCTHqlIO nepeCeKaJIHCb, HO lIe HaKJIap;hlBaJII2ICb nOJIIIOCTbIO o.n: II a Ha .D:pyryIO.
)].aJIblIeHrnIIe IICCJIep;OBaHIIH, 6e3YCJIOBII0, p;OJImlIbI nOKa3aTh, HaCKOJIbKO Ta-
Roe pa3L\eJIelIHe ccpep )J;enCTBIIH YJ(06IIO B KOHRpeTnoH pa60Te H npaKTHqe-
CKH ocym;ecTBHlIfO.
B nopy rrOIICRa cpO pM, CTalIOBJIelIIIH H pa3BIfTHH IIOBOll HayRII nOp;06IIbIe
p;HaJIOrII lIfOryT OKa3aTbCH HaH60JIee nJIo,ll,OTBOpHbIMH npI2I CPOPllfYJIHpOBaHHII
ee OCHOBlIhIX rrpHIIII;HnoB H 3ap;aq.
t 0 cOBpeMeHHoH ROHCTpyKTI2IBHOH paooTe B 06JIaCTI2I 3ROJIOrI2II2I, B TOM '1I2ICJIe I2I 3ROJIo-
rI2I1I 3BOJIIOI\IIOHHOH, I2I 0 ee OTHOmeHI2II2I R 3ROJIOrI2II2I '1eJIOBeRa MorYT j:\aTb rrpej:\CTaBJIeHI2Ie
CJIej:\YIOlI\lIe I2I3j:\aHI2IH: reorpacPlI'IeCK.lie aClIeRTbI 3ROJIOr.li.li '1eJIOBeRa. M., 1975; OR-
pym:aIOlI\aH cpe,I1a .Ii 3j:\opoBbe '1eJIOBeRa. M., 1979; 3ROJIOl'I2IH I2I 3BOJIIOI\.liOHHaH Teo-
p.liH. JI., 1984; MouceeB H. H. 'IeJIOBeR, cpej:\a, 06II\eCTBo. M., 1982; MouceeB H. H.,
A.n.e1>ca1i8pOB B. B., Tap1>o A. M. 'IeJIOBeR .Ii OI2IOCcPepa. M., 1985; rUpello1> (]J. H. 3RO-
JIOrIIH. I{I2IB.liJI.li3al\.liH. HooccPepa. M., 1987.
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107
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TOqHee rOBopH, BKJIIO'IaeT JIHllIb Te 6HOJIOrIIqeCRHe BorrpOCbI, ROTOpbIe Hepa3-
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3aIIIIMaIOru;yIO rrpm.feiRYTOqlIOe rrOJIOiRelIHe lIfem,D:y eBporreoITgaMlf H lIfOlIrOJlOH-
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108
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.a CJIe,IJ;OBaTeJIhHO, HCTOpHRO-3TIIOJIOI'II'IeCKHe BbIBO,IJ;bI 0 cpOpMIIpOBaHIIII Hapo-
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XOiR)],eHHe IIaCeJIelIHH RalIapCKIIX OCTpOBOB. C Rellf TOJIbIW He CBH3bIBaJIHCb
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T. e. OIl;OHTOJIOrII'IeCKIIe ;D;alIlIbIe IIaXO,IJ;HTCH B f)OJIbmeM COOTBeTCTBIIH C rJiIrro-
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phI, HaJIIJqHeM TeppIITOpH8.JlbIIOll ;D;HcpcpepelI Ha HH, HaJIIIqIIeM iRIIJIIIm; B
1\IYCThepCRoe BpeMH 9. AmI BbI.n:eJIeIIIIH 3IIOXII cpe)],IIero naJIeOJIIITa B IICTOpIIH
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109
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110
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110 Bce pallIIO npO.D:OJIiRaJIa OCTaBaTbCH Ipe3BbIqalfIIO IIII3KOH. TIepeXO,ll,H )J;JIH
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cpaRTOM: cpe;J,HHH npO;rrOJImIITeJIbHOCTb iIUI3IIU B HeOJIIITe, B 3noxy 6pOlI3hI U
meJIe3a OCTaeTCH OOJIee IlJIII Mellee nOCTOHIIHOII - OKOJIO 30 JIeT. OTJJ,eJIblIbIe
CJIyqau YBeJIIlqelIIIH cpeJJ;IIeM npO.Il;OJIiRIITeJIblIOCTII iRU3III1 no cpaBlIeIIIlIO C 00-
.JIee palIIIIIM BpeMelIeM lIe lIfelIHIOT 06m;eH KapTlIIIhI g. 11 TOJIbRO npu npu-
OJIHmelIIIII K COBpeMelIlIOCTIl npo.n:OJHRUTeJIbHOCTb mII3IIU pe3IW B03pOCJIa.
I1TaR, IIa npOTHiRelIHU nCTopUII qeJIOBeqeCTBa IIaOJIIOJJ:aeTcH OTqeTJIIIBOe IIa-
paCTalIue )J;JIIITeJIbIIOCTU mII3HU, 110 TeMn 8Toro IIapaCTalIIUI IIepaBIIOMepeH.
O a3U pa36UTUR U6U U3a uu. lUIIpORO pacnpocTpalIelIlIoe H B oom;eiI
40pMe HpaBIIJTblIOe YTBepiRJJ;elIue IIe3aBUCIIlIfOCTII cpOpMIIpoBaHIIH pac II 3TIIII-
I€CRIIX 06m;IIOCTeli p,OJImIIO 6hITb ClIfHrqelIO rro OTlIomelIUIO K palIIIUM 3noxallf,
TaK I{aK pa3IIhle TeMnbI pa3BUTHH Tex II )J;pyrux em;e lIe ycne.'1II IIapYUIIITb
reorpacpIPIeCROe COBna)J;elIue, npoIIcTeKaBllIee 3a C I€T cpOpMHpoBalIuH H 3T-
HII I€CRUX 06m;HOcTeM, U paCOBhTX TlmOB B onpe)J;eJIelIHbIX yCJIOBUHX reorpacpH-
IeCKOH Cpep,bI. HaMe raIOm;HecH apXeOJIOrIl'IeCKU pa3JIII THH MemD;y 3ana.Il;OM
U BOCTOROllf EBpa3IIII B snoxy IIIIiRIIerO rraJIeOJIIITa IIaXOp,HT BeCKoe nO)J;TBepiR-
p,elIue B alIa,'!U3e lIfopcpOJIOrIIII UCKonaeMhlX IIaxop,OK Mllorooopa3ue apxeo-
.JIOrIIqeCKHX KYJIbTYP B 8noxy BepXlIero naJIeOJIUTa, BbIHBJIHIOm;eeCH B OCUOB-
110M B pa3IIhIX TpaIIII IIHX 06pa60TRII KpeMIIH, COBna.Il;aeT C lIfopq)OJIOrUqeCKII-
MIl pa3JIUqIfHlIfU BepXlIenaJIeOJIUTUqeCKllX JIIOI\eIJ 15. )J,JIH 3nOXII IIeOJIUTa H
OpOlI3bI MhI OTlIfeqaeM P;JIH MlIorux 06JIaCTell OlmYMelIbI IIaJIII IIIe cBoe06pa3-
HhIX alITpOnOJIorUqeCKUX TIIIIOB, C6JIHiRaIOm;UXCH B OCIIOBlIbIX npU3IIaKaX C
COBpeMeuHhIMU. )J,JIH 3THX OOJIaCTeli no aHTpOnOJIOrII I€CKUM .Il;alIHhIlIf IIaMeqa-
eTCH npeeMCTBeIIlIOCTb OT 3noxu GpOlI3bI JJ;O COBpeMeIIIIOCTII. 8TO - 3aKaB-
R83be, IOmIIaH TYPKMeIIIIH, TIpu6almaJIbe (IIa3hTBaIO TOJIbRO paHoHhI CCCP).
'TaKuM oGpa30M, alITpono.lJOrUqeCRIIII lIfaTepUaJI raCTIlqlIO n03I10.TIHeT nO)J;-
TBep)J;uTb IICTOPHKO-8TIIOJIOrUqecRIIe BbIBO,[\bI, a qaCTIlqlIO ,ll,aeT IIOBYIO HII-
'cpopMa IIIO 06 WIarax pa3BUTIIH 'leJIOBe'1eCTBa.
POaCTBO apeellUX HapOaOe. TpYJJ;IIo YBII;:J:eTb CKOJIbKO-IIUGY.Il;b 3allfeTHoe
oCXOp,CTBO MeiR.II;y naMHTIIImaMU HlIflIOM H KaTaKOM6IIoii KYJIbTYP CeBeplIoro
HaBKa3a H ,ZJ;peBIIHMII norpe6elIIIHlIfH 8nOXH GpOlI3hI CallfTaBpcRoro MOrUJIb-
IIUKa. Memp;y TeM alITponOJIOrII IeCRoe CXOJJ:CTBO rpynn IIace.lJeIIUH, OCTaBIIB-
llIero 8TU naMHTIIIIRII, IIeCOllflIelIIIO, II ooe OHU npOTIlBOITOCTaBJIHIOTCH 8TIIIIqe-
oCRIIlIf rpyrrnaM 8nOXII 6POII3hI, npomHBaBmuM IIa TeppUTopIfII PYCCKOH paB-
IIIIlIbI. C .Il;PyroH CTOpOlIhl, IIaCeJIelIUe, OCTaBUBmee Ea.rraIIOBCRIIII MOrIlJIbIIMK,
qeTKO OTJIIPraeTCH OT cocep,IIux rpyrrn II cGJIllmaeTCH C IIaCeJIelIUeM CeBeplIo-
ro HaBKa3a U 3aRaBRa3bH. Tpyp,IIo YBII)J;eTb 06m;ee B acpalIacbeBcRon II Ta-
'rapcKoII RYJIbTypax MUIIYCUIICKOII ROTJIOBIfIIhI, HO pO.Il;CTBO IIaCeJIeIIUH, OCTa-
1!IIBmero TY U p,pyryIO KYJIbTYPY, B CBeTe alITpOnOJIorUqeCRIIX IICCJIep,OBaHIIll
HeCOMlIeIIIIO. TaKue rrpUMephI MOiRHO Obl.:'IO 6bI YMIIOfRaTb p,o oeCKolIe fIIocTH.
06m;UH BhTBO.D: II3 IIUX TOT, 'ITO .II;.lJH BblHClIelIIIH relIeTu reCRoro pOI\CTBa ,ll,peB-
IIIIX IIapOp;OB alITpOnOJIOrIIqeCKIIll MaTepIIaJI qaCTO BajJ{IIee IICTOpIIqeCRUX IIa-
{)JIIO)J;eIIHll H lIe l\IOiReT ObITb IICKJIIO'IeH, KaI{ 3TO IIlIorp,a p,eJIaeTCH p,o CHX
HOp, II3 KOMnJIeRCa p,IICl(HnJIIfII, H3yqaIOm;IIX 3TIIorelIe3 p,peBIIUX IIapO)J;OB.
MU3pa uu e UCTOpUU nepeo6blTHOZO o6UfecTea. 0 pomi aHTpOnOJIOfUqe-
'CKUX MaTepUaJIOB B BOCCTalIOBJlelIUH lIfnrpa UII B nepB06bITnOM OOm;eCTBe
nHCaJIOCh WIelIb MlIoro II y6eJJ;IITeJIblI0 16. Mile OCTaeTCH TOJIbKO npUBeCTH
npHlIfepbI, OTpaiRaIOm;Ue IIOBhIe IICCJIe,ll,OBaIIUH U lIe cpurypupoBaBmIle AO cux
nop B 8TOll CBH3II. K IIX 'lIICJIY OTHOCHTCH: npO IIKIIOBelIlIe eBponeOH)J;OB B
111
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danaJJ;IIYIO MOlIrOJIlIIO IIa Py6eiRe 3nOXII OpOlI3bI H meJIe3a 17, npOHIIKHOBe-
HlIe eBpOneOII,ll,OB B npII6anKaJIbe II TYBY B :moxy cpep:IIeBeKOBbH 18, rrpo-
HIIKIIOBelIIIe aBCTpaJIOIIp:OB B ,ll,OJIlIIIy XyalIx8 B HeOJIIITe 19 II T. ,ll,.
AeTOXTOHlwe npoucxoJ/Coellue coepe:MellllblX llapoooe. I1CnOJIb30BaTb HC-
TOpIfKo-wrlIorpacpIIqeCKIIe, apXeOJIOnI IeCKIIe II TeM 60JIee JIlIIIrBIICTIIqeCKIIe
p:alIlIbIe ,ll,JIH rrOHCKOB npOIICXOm,ll,eHIIH IIapop:OB II )J;OKa3aTeJIhCTBa IIX aBTO-
XTOlIIIoro CPOpMIIpOBaIIIIH IIa TOH IIJIII nil on TeppIITopHII OqelIb TPY.D:IIO. B03-
MOiRlIOCTII JIHlIrBIICTIIqeCKOro IICCJIeP;OBaIIHH OrpalIHqelIhI B 8TOM OTIIOIIIeHHH
IIaJIHqneM nIICbMelIlIbIX naMHTIIHKOB, KYJIbTypa if{€ qaCTO H 6hICTpO MelIHeT
CBOi!: 06JIHK B CIIJIY COl(IIaJIbII0-3KOHOMIIqeCKIIX npIIqIIII. MemJJ;y TeM alITpo-
nOJIOrHqeCKIIe npII3IIaKII B pH.II;e CJIyqaeB OKa3hIBaIOTCH BeChMa YCTOII IIIBbIMH.
MOif{IIO nOCJIe,ZJ;oBaTeJIbHO npOCJIe,lJ;HTb OTqeTJIHBYIO rrpeeMcTBelIHoCTb alITpono-
JIOrHqeCKIIX oc06elIlIOCTen, BO BCHKOM cJIyqae OT 3IIeOJIIITa ;rro COBpeMelIlIocTH,
B rpY3IIII II ApMeIIHIf, IIa TeppIITopIfII RIfTaH H EnmTa 20. MeiR,ZJ;Y TeM
KYJIbTyplIaH npeeMCTBelIlIOCTb ;rraJIeKO lIe 6eccnoplIa, a B ErHnTe KameTCH
,ZJ;aiRe II IIeBepOHTlIon: CJIIIIIIKOM MHoro IIc,TopIIqec,KHX 6YPb npOlIeCJIOCb IIa;IJ;
;rrOJIIIIIOn HIIJIa 3a nHTb TbICH IeJIeTHII. TIpII H3Y'IeIIIIII 8THorelIe3a apa60H3hIq-
1101'0 IIaCeJIeIIIIH COBpeMeHHoro EnIIITa p:alIlIoe 06CTOHTeJIbCTBO CJIe,ZJ;yeT yqu_
ThlBaTb H BII,lI;eTb B 8TOM HaCeJIelIlIII lIe nepeCeJIelIl(eB H3 IIepe,ZJ;IIeli A3HH.
a nOTOMKOB MeCTlIoro IIaCeJIelIIIH 8rrOXII IIeOJIIITa, ,l],peBlIero, Cpe,ll,IIero H Ho-
BOl'O l(apCTB.
POOCTeo coepe:MellllblX llapoooe. Ifc.CJIe,ZJ;OBaIIHe 3TIIorelIe3a H aIITpOnOJIO-
rIfqeCKOro COCTaBa COBpeMelIbIX IIapO,ll,OB nOKa3aJIO, qTO KYJIbTyplIoe II JIHH-
rBIICTIIqeCKoe pO,ll;CTBO JIIO,ll,ei!: lIe Bcer;rra COOTBeTcTByeT IIX p:eHCTBIITeJIbIIOMY
pOp:CTBY no npOIICXOiR,lI;eIIIIIO, HX 06m;eMY relIocpolI,ZJ;Y. XaKacbI rOBopHT Ha
TIOpKCKOM H3bIKe, Mem.,lI;Y TeM alITpOnOJIOrIIqeCRII OIIH 06IIaPYif{IIBaIOT HaH-
60JIbIIIee CXO,ll,CTBO C npe,ll;cTaBIITeJIHMH ypaJIbCKOH rpynnhI alITpOnOJIOrIfqe-
CRIIX nIIIoB, T. e. C 3ana,Il;IIOCH6IIpCKHMII IIapO,ll;aMH, rOBopHm;IIMH IIa yrop-
CKHX II CaMO,ll;HIICRIIX H3hIRax. BaJIKapl(hI H KapaqaeBl(bI Tome rOBopHT rro-
TIOpKCKII, 110 MOPCPOJIOrII IeCKII C6JInmaIOTCH C roplIhIMH rpY3IIIIaMII, IIHry-
IIIaMH, qeqelIl(al\ilH, 3THHqeCKHMII rpynnaMH 3ana,ll,HOro ,l],arecTalIa, T. e. e
l(eIITpaJIbIIORaBKa3cKIIMII Hapop:aMH, rOBOpHm;IIMH IIa RaBKa3CKHX H3hIKax.
To me MomllO nOBTopIITb H npo IIpalIOH3hlqHhIX oceTHII. <DIIlIlIoH3hlqlIaH
Mopp:Ba rop a3 .D:0 60JIbIIIe cxo,ZJ;IIa C COCe.D:IIHMH TeppIITOpIIaJIblIbIlIfII rpynrraMH
pyccKoro IIapo,Il;a, qeM C ;rrpyrHMII CPIIIIIIOH3bIqlIbIMII HapO.D:aMII. POJIb alITpo-
nOJIOrII IeCKIIX p:alIlIbIX, CJIe,Il;OBaTeJIhIIO, BeJIIIKa ,ll,ame B TOM CJIyqae, Kor;IJ;a
IIaJIIIl(O, KaK 8TO HMeeT MeCTO npIf H3yqelIIIH COBpeMeHlIbIX HapO)J;OB, nOJIHaH
If IIeOrpalIHqelIlIO YBeJIH-qIIBaIOm;aHCH IICTOpIIKO-3THorpacpnqeCKaH IIIICPOp-
Mal(HH.
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qTO me OTJIHqaeT COBpeMelIlIhIe aIITpOnOJIOI'IIqeCKIIe HCCJIe;rrOBaIIIIH H .npH;IJ;aeT
IIM IICKJIIOqHTeJIbHOe cBoe06pa3He? TIpemp:e Bcero nonYJIHl(HOlIlIhIII no,ZJ;XO.D: R
pacaM H IIapO,ll,aM. TIoCJIe,ll;.IIIIH 03Haqae-r yqeT Tex pO,ll,CTBeHlIhIX B38HMOOTHO-
meHlln, KOTophle C03;IJ;aIOTCH BIIYTPH TeppHTOpHaJIblIhIX rpynn, IIapO,ZJ;OB, pa-
COBbIX rpynn CIICTeMOII 6paqlIhIX CBH3en H 06pa3YIOm;IIMIICH na ee OCIIOBe
6paqHbIMIf KpyraMII. 8TH 6paqlIhle RpyrH OrpalIHqHBaIOT oJJ;IIy OT ,lI;pyron no-
nYJIH:qIfH - He60JIblliIIe rpynnbI JIIO,ll,eII, CBH3alIIIbIx Meif{,ll,y C060lI onpe,ll;eJIeH-
HOH cTenelIbIO pO,ll,CTBa.
TIonYJIHl(IIH - CJIomlIoe HBJIeIIIIe, If, BH,lI;IIMO, n03TOMY OHO BhI3hIBaeT MIIO-
1'0 cnopOB II p:ame He,ZJ;oYMelIlIbIX BonpOCOB. nOIIHTIIe nonYJIHl(HII CO)J;epmHT
MlIoro CKphITbIX TOIIKOCTen, 0 KOTOpbIX C.:'Ie.n:yeT XOTH 6hI ynoMHHYTb. CTe-
112
nellb pO,a:CTBa BIIYTpn nOnYJIHl(IIH MOiRlIO TOqlIO rpHKCIIpOBaTb C nOMOm;bIO
TaK Ha3hIBaeMoro K03cpcpUl(IIe1ITa IIlIopII)J;HlIra, T. e. npOl(elITlIoro COOTnome-
IIHH 6paKOB Men,JJ,y ,a:BOIOpO,ll,IIbIMII 6paThHMII H ceCTpaMH no OTlIomeIIIIIO I,
oorneMY qIICJIY 3aK.'1IOl.IelIlIhIX 6paKOB. TamUI 06pa30M, ,ll,JIH cpaBlIeHHH nony-
JIH IIII MeiR,a:y C060lI cym;ecTByeT TOqRaH Mepa, 110 TaIWH lIfepbI IIeT )J;JIH cpaB-
IIeIIIIH IIapOiJ,OB. .f[ corJIaCeH C 10. B. BpOMJIeeM B TOM, qTO Ta IIJIH HHaH
CTenelIb 3II)..(oraMHII npe;:\CTaBJIHeT C060lI O)J;IIII II3 3TIIHqeCKIIX onpe)..(eJIIITe-
JIell 21, HO Y)..(OBJIeTBOpnTe.:'IblIaH Mepa CTenelIII 3II.D:OraMlfII BIIYTPII 06mHpHhIX
rpynn nonYJIHl(IIll, KOTOphIe II COCTaBJIHIOT IIapO)J;bI, nOKa OTCYTCTByeT.
n upe.D:JIOnnITh ee lIe TaK npOCTO, BejJ;b cpe)J;IIIIH Km:lcpcpH IIelIT )..(JIH IIapo)..(a
6yp.eT npe)..(CTaBJIHTh c0501! cpIIKl(IIIO, TaR HaK OTp:eJIblIbIe cOBoKynlIocTH no-
nYJIHl(III! BIIYTpn IIapO.D:OB 3aBe)J;OMO xapaKTepII3YIOTCH pa3IIOII CTeneHbIO 6pa'l-
HOll aBTOIIO iIIII. ITo 3TOll iRe npIIqHlIe IIeJIh3H nOKa cpaBIIIIBaTb MeiRP:Y CO-
GOll IIapo.D: B l(eJIOM C JII060lI Bxop.Hm;eH B ero COCTaB nonYJIH IIell IIJIH rpyn-
nOll nonYJIH IIH. "YiRe Cell'IaC MomlIO npe)..(nOJIaraTb, qTO cpe)..(IIe3TIIHqeCKaH
Mepa opa'TIIoro pO)..(CTBa IIaII)J;eT BbIpaiI\:€IIIIe B KaKOH-TO CIICTeMe IIemmeliIlbIX
ypaBHelIIIll CO MlIorIIMII nepeMelIlIbIMH, 110 KOIIKpeTlIaH cpopMa TaKOH CIICTe-
MbI OCTaeTCH HeHCHOH.
HaKOBbI pa3MephI II xapaKTep nonYJIH HH? OHH pa3JIHqlIbI B pa3IIhIX 06-
JIaCTHX OHKyMelIhI B 3aBIICIIlIfOCTII OT )..(BYX npOTIIBOnOJIOiRlIO IIanpaBJIelIHbIX,
110 B3aIIMII0 CBH3alIIIhlX B .D:eHCTBlfII npn'fIIlI - CTenelIII II1I6pII)..(IIlIra H IIH-
TelICHBIIOCTH CMerneIIIIH. MII6pIIAHIIr B03IIIIIWeT aBTOllfaTHl.leCKH: BepOHTIIOCTb
pO)J;CTBelIlIhlX 6paKoB YBeJIIIqIIBaeTCH C na)J;elIIIeM qIICJIelIlIOCTII nonYJIHl(IIII.
"Y CIIJIelIIIIO IIlI6pII)J;IiIlra Bcer,ll,a cnoc06cTByeT H CO IIaJIblIaH II30JIH IIH, HMeIO-
m;aH MeCTO BIIYTPH IIo)..(aBJIHIOm;erO 60JIbIlIHIICTBa nonYJIH IIH. "(:lTo KacaeTCH
qHCJIelIlIOCTII nonYJIHl(IIR, TO Bonpoc 3TOT lIe HCCJIe)..(OBaII no BceMY 3eMIIOMY
IIIapy CKOJIbKO-IIH6YP.b IIop.p06IIo. B. B. BYlIaK npep:JIonnIJI IIa OCIIOBalIIIH II3Y-
l.IeHIIH l.IIICJIelIIIOCTII nonYJIH IIn Y PYCCKoro CTapOiRIIJIbqeCKOrO HaCeJIelIIIH
CH6IIpII Tpn RaTeroplfII }lJIH IIonYJIH IIOIIIIOH qHCJIeIIHOCTH: )..(0 1500 qeJIO-
BeK - U30JIHT. OT 1500 )..(0 4000 l.IeJIOBeK - )..(eM H CBhlilie 4000 qeJIOBeK-
rpynna JJ:eMO 22. CaMa TepllfIIIIOJIOI'IIH CBIIJJ:eTeJIbCTByeT 0 TOM, qTO 3TIIM
nOIIYJIfl IIHM pa3IIOH qIICJIelIlIOCTII npHp.aeTCH IIepapXIIl.leCKOe 3IIaqelIHe.
Mem.D:Y TeM TaKaH IIepapXUH nonymI IIII eCJIII II onpaB)..(alIlIa IIa )..(eJIe,
TO )..(aJIeKO lIe Bcer)J;a. B JJ:areCTalIe, IIanpIIMep, npII rocnO)J;CTBe 3II)..(oraMIIK
BIIYTPII CeJIeIIIIll Bce OIIH JJ:OJImlIbI paCCMaTpIIBaTbCH KaK II30JIHTbI. Ho cpe)..(K
CeJIelIHH eCTb H TamIe, "tJHCJIeIIIIOCTb KOTOphIX 3aMeTII0 npeBhlmaeT 1500 qe-
JIOBeK, XOTH 3II,a:oraMUH Bce paBIIO coxpalIHeT 3a IIIIMII rrOJIOmelIIIe 3aMHHY-
ThIX II30.:'IHTOB. C )..(pyroll CTOpOHbI, OIIU lIe 06'be)..(IIIIHIOTCH B 60JIee KpynlIhIe
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H nony.lIH HOlIlIaH CTpYKTypa COCTOIIT II3 60JIee KpynlIbIx rpynn. KOTOphIe
B. B. BYlIaK IIa3hIBaeT BCJIe)..( 3a aMeplIKalICKUMH IICCJIe)..(OBaTeJIHMII )..(eMaMIf
II rpynnaMH )J;eMOB.
CRa3alIIIoe lIe 03lIaqaeT, qTO H OTpu aIO nepapXIIIO B nonYJIHl(IIOHIIOll
CTpYKType. HaJIII"tJIIe ee npe.D:CTaBJIHeTCH COBepmelIIIO OqeBIIJ],IIbIM J],aiRe Teo-
peTIIqeCKII, TaK KaK IIepaBIIOl(eIIIIOCTh pa3IIhIX relIeTIIqeCKllX 6apbepOB He
BbI3hIBaeT COMIIeIIIIII, TaR me RaK H UX pa3IIaH npOIIII aeMOCTb. O):(HO )..(eJIO -
jl,IIaJIeKTHhle pa3JIIIqIIH II KYJIbTYPIIO-IICTOpIIqeCKaH Tpa)..(II IIH, KOTOphIe, XOTH
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)..(eJIO - IIeupeO)..(OJIIIMhIe IIJIH TpY)..(IIonpeO)..(OJIIIMhIe cpH3IIKo-reorpacpIIqeCKHe
6apbephI IIJIII 06hI"tJall 8II)..(oraMIIII, C03)J;aIOm;IIe relIeTIIqeCKIIH 6apbep orpOM-
11011 MOm;IIOCTII. COOTBeTCTBelIlIO If nonYJIH HII, OT)..(eJIHeMbIe OT )J;pyrux pa3-
IIhIMII relIeTH"tJeCKIIMH 6apbepaMII. pa3.lIIIqaIOTCH no rrpOl(elITy BI,JIIOqaeMhIX
B Hx COCTaB IIIIOpO)..(HbIX JIHl(, no CTenelIH HH6pH)..(IiIlra, )..(JIlfTeJIbIIOCTIf H30JIH-
113
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114
1J;IIII II, IIaKOlIel(, no qIICJIeIIIIOCTH. B03MomlIOCTII nOCTpoelIIIH IIepapXIIII no-
nYJIHl(IIH HCXO;UI II3 3TIIX IIpIIIIl(IIIIOB nOKa MaJIO IICCJleJ],OBaHhI, 110 TOJIbRO
,OIlII, o reBIIJJ:IIO, II 1I0JIOiRaT OCIIOBY KJIaCCIIcpIIRal(IIII nonymmHII, ROTopaH OT-
pa3IIT IIX COIIOp,qIIlIeIIIIe, peaJIblIO CYIIIeCTBYIOm;ee B J],eIICTBIITeJlbIlOCTH.
KaKOB IICTopH reCKIIiI 8cpcpeKT H3yqelIIIH aIITpOnOJIOrII IeCKoro COCTana Ie-
.JIOBeqeCTna IIMeHHO IIa nOIlYJIH:qlfOIIHOM YPOBlIe? qTO IIOBOrO BIIOCIIT 8TOT
nOIlYJIH IIOlIlIbIll YPOBelIb, IIanpIIMep, B II3Y IeIIIIe IIpOOJIeMhI 3THorelIe3a no
cpaBHelIIIIO C KJIaCCIIqeCRIIM IlOp,XOJ],Ollf CTapOll aIITpOnOJIOrIIII? ECTh JIll CMhICJI
TpaTIITb CIIJIbI Ha Tpyp,oeMKIIe 1I0rryJIHl(IIOlIlIhIe IICCJIeJ],OBallIIH, IIMeH B BII)J;e
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ro.n;a, TO OKameTCH, qTO Cpe,ll,IIIIH B03paCT IIaCeJIelIHH OTJJ;eJIbHbIX KYJIbTYP B
MIIIIYCIIIICKOII KOTJIOBIIlIe ObIJI CJIe)J;YIOm;HH:
AcPaHaCbeBCKaH KYJIbTypa 33,3 r. (24) TarapcKaH » 37,2 r. (241)
AHp,poHoBcKaH » 35,7 JI. (21) TamTbIKcKaH » 43,3 r. (21)
RapacYKcKaH » 32,7 Jr. (28) HaceJIemIC XVIII-XIX BB. 38,2 r. (181)*
STII p,alIlIhle, wleBlIp,IIO, 3aBhlmeHbI H3-3a OTCYTCTBIIH B UIIX CBep,eHIIH 0
,ZJ;eTCKOII cMepTlIocTII. Ho p,ame B TaKOM BII)J;e OIIII BhIHBJIHIOT IIeKOTopyIO TelI-
.n;elI IIIO K II3MelIelIIIIO npO.D:OJIiRHTeJIbIIOCTII iRII3IIII lIPII cpaBlIelIIIH lI03AHIIX
3nox C 60JIee paIIIIIIMII. EOJIee elIlIhIMII HB.:'IHIOTCH cBe)J;elIIIH no OTp,eJIblIhIM
MOrIIJIbIIIIKaM. B KaqeCTBe npIIMepa npIIBeP,Y paCqeThl npo.rrOJIIl,HTeJILllOCTII
mH3IIII p,JIH Tpex MOrIIJIblIHKOB acpalIaCbeBcKoii KyJIbTYPbI, pacKonalIlIbIx nOJI-
HOCTbIO IIJIII nOqTH nOJIIIOCTbIO:
IIO,I1cyxaHlIxa
KapacYK III
AcPaHacbeBcKaH ropa
18,7 JI. (9)
24,1 r. (39)
33,1 r. (23)
BH.D:HhI OTqeTJIIIBhle pa3JIH IIIH B B03pacTe 3axopolIelIIIhIx B OT.D:eJIhUhIX
MOrIIJIbIIImax. STII pa3JIlIqHH CTaBHT pHp, IICTOpHqeCKIIX II 3TIIorpacpIIqeCKIIX
BonpocoB: 0 B03MomlIOCTH pa3IIbIX OObIqaeB 3axopolIelIIIH, B IaCTIIOCTH pa3-
)IeJIhHOrO lIorpe6eIIIUI ,ll,eTell II B3pOCJIhIX (oc06elIIlo B CBH3II C MOrIIJIbIIIIKa-
MH B TIo)J;cyxalIlIxe, COCTOHBmIIMII B OCIIOBIIOM II3 ,ll,eTCRIIx norpe6eHlIll) 31,
o 3axopOlIelIIlhIX pa3IIOrO CO IIaJIblIoro ypOBHH, 06 YCJIOBHHX iRII3HII,
II B qaCTIIOCTH lIIITaIIHH, B CBH3II C npeOOJIap,alIIIeM CROTOBOACTBa IIJIH 3eM-
JIep,eJIHH B X03HllcTBe. .D:IIcpcpepelIl(HpOBannbIe p,alIlIhle ropa3,ZJ;0 60JIee HIICPOp-
MaTIIBlIhI, qeM CYMMaplIhle, lIO Bcell KYJIbType B l(eJIOM.
R HacToHm;eMy BpeMelIII ony6mmoBauo IIeCKOJIbKO pa60T, Cne IIaJIhlIO no-
C,BHm;elIlIbIX naJIeOp,eMorpacpIIqeCKOII xapaKTepIIcTIIKe OT)J;e.TlbHbIX nO.'1HOCTbIO
IIJIII nOqTH nOJIIIOCTbIO pacKolialIHhlx MorHJIhHHKOB. STO cpep,ueBeKOBbIe MO-
BIJJblIHKH TITym II EJIe,ll, B lOrOCJIaBIIII 32, ReplIYCTa, XamIM6a-Qepem II
<DOlIhOp, B BelIrpIIH 3\ PeKaII B fepMalICKOII .D:eMoKpaTII IeCKOH PecIIy6-
.'lIme 3\ MIIKYJIbqIIl(e B qexOCJIOBaKIIII 35 H ;.J.p. R COiRaJIeIIHIO, B CO-
BeTCKOH JIIITepaType TaKIIe ,ll,alIlIbIe ep,IIIIH'IIlbI. HanpHMep, IIpIIBe,ll,elIlIbIe
IIIf1PbI cpep,IIero B03paCTa norpe6elIIIbIX B acpalIaCbeBCKHX MOrlIJiblIHKaX
fOlKlIO cpaBIIIITb TOJIbKO CO Cpe,ll,IIIIM B03paCTOM 3axopOlIelIIIbIX B lIe nOJI-
IIOCThIO paCKOlialIlIOM BhIXBaTIIHCKOM MOrHJIblIHKe TplIIIOJIbCKOH KYJIbTypbI.
011 paBeH 20;5 rOJJ;a 36. npOHCTeKaeT 3TOT IIep,OCTaTOK CBep,eIIIIII 0 naJIeop,e-
1fOrpacpIIII p,peBlIero IIaCeJIelIHH CCCP II3-3a OTCYTCTBHH nOJIIIOCTbIO paCKO-
llalIlIhIX MOrIIJIbIIIIKOB, B KOTOpbIX 6hIJI 6hI c06pall BeCb naJIeOaIITpOnOJIOrH-
* 3AeCI. II AaJIee B cK061\ax yRasaHo 'IIICJIO Ha6mop,emrii.
117
J
qeCKHn MaTepHaJI, np1IrO,ll,IIbIH p:JIH naJIeop:eMorpacplIqeCKHX peKOIICTpYK IIiL
ECJIII IIOJIOiReHIIe lIe H3MelIIITCH II naJIeOalITpOIIOJIOrHqeCKIIll MaTepHaJi 6yp:eT
IIo-npemlIeMY c06IIpaTbCH 60JIee 1IJIH ;\f€IIee CJIyqalmo, TPYP:IIO OmII.D:aTb OT
nero KaKOH-JIII60 HOBOR IICTopII IeCKOII IIlIcpopMal(1UI. HCTOpIIH alITponoaorII-
qeCKIIX TIInOB CCCP B rrpIIIIl(IIIIIIaJIblIhIX qepTaX BblHBJIelIa npep:IIIeCTBYIO-
m;IIMII IICCJIep:OBaIIIIHM1I. HaKOnJIelIlie IIOBbIX lIfaTepIIaJIOB IIa npeiHlIeM ypOB-
He MOi:IWT JIIImb qTO-TO p:06aBHTb K yme H3BeCTIIOH KapTHlIe. MeiR,ll,Y TeM
nJIalIOMeplIhlii: c60p naJIeOaHTpOnOJIOrIIqeCKHX p:alIlIhIX B nOJIIIOM BIIp:e II 06-
pa60TKa HX nop: pa3IIbIMII yrJIaMH 3peIIIIH n03BOJIHT YBH3aTb pe3YJIbTaTbI HX
1I3yqelIIIH C apXeOJIOrIIqeCKH BOCCTalIaBJIIIBaeMbIlIfH YCJIOBIIHMII mII3IIH p:peB-
Hero rraCeJIelIHH, ypOBlIeM X03HllCTBa, COl(IIaJIbIIOII C'rpYKTypoit 06m;eCTBa, T. e.
co BceMH TellfII np06JIeMaMII, IICCJIe,ll,OBaIIIIe KOTOpbIX TaK yrJIy6mleT IICTOPII-
qeCKYIO KapTIIIIY.
MTaK, alITpOnOJIOrIIH nepeIIIJIa CellqaC IIa nonymIl(1IOlIlIbrn ypOBelIb IIC-
CJIep:OBaIIIUI. TIonymI IIolIlIhIII nop:xop: R II3Y'leIIHIO COBpeMelIlIoro HaCeJIelIHH
n03BOJIIIJI IIaMeTIITb KOIITyphI IIOBbIX TeM, B npep:eJIax KOTOpbIX alITpOnOJIOr
lIfOiReT npIIllTII IIa rrOMOm;b HCTOPIIKY H 3THorpacpy, IIanpHMep B Ol(elIKe pOJII!
H30JIH 1III B cpOpMIIpoBalIlIH Tex IIJIII 1IIIbIX 8TIIIIqeCKIIX 06m;IIocTeii. Ho p:mI
Toro qT06bI nepelIeCTII norryJIHl(HOlIlIhIH nop:xo,ll, IIa H3yqelIIIe p:peBlIero IIace-
JIeIIIIH, aIITpOnOJIOr, B CBOIO Oqepep:b, IIYiRp:aeTCH B nOllfOm;II apxeOJIora. nOJI-
Hoe IICCJIep:OBaIIHe ppeBIIIIX MOrIIJIblIHKOB B rrpOl(eCce paCKonOK H Tm;aTeJIb-
HhIH c60p Bcex 6e3 IICKJIIOqelIHH KOCTlIhIX OCTaTKOB II3 rrorpe6elIHH 6hIJIH 6h1
xopomIIM OTBeTOM IIa npII3hIB 0 TaKoH nOMOm;H.
BbIBO]J;bI
1. nop: TepMIIlIoM «IIcTOpHqeCKaH aIITpOnOJIOrIIH>} aBTOp nOIIIIMaeT BCIO COBO-
KynlIocTh alITponOJIOr1PIeCKIIX 3IIaIIIIii:, II3 KOTOphIX MOiRlIO II3BJIe Ib HCTOPH-
IecKyIO IIlIcpopMal(HIO, Bile 3aBIICIIMOCTII OT Toro, K KaKOMY rrepIIOp:y IICTOplIIf
qeJIOBeqeCTBa 8Ta IIlIcpopMa 1UI OTIIOCIITCH.
2. Ha npOTHmeIIIUI rrOCJIep:IIIIX 20-30 JIeT alITporrOJIOrII BBeJIII B CBon
JICCJIep:OBaIIIIH nonYJIH IIOlIlIbIll cpaKTOp, qTO Kap,ll,IIlIaJIblIO H3MelIIIJIO II IIIeTO-
P:1IKY II MeTop:OJIOrIIIO aIITpOrrOJIOrH IeCKoj:I IIaYK1I. 3IIa IelIlie nonYJIH 1IOUrroro
ypOBIIH B aHTporrOnOrIIqeCKIIX HCCJIep:OBaIIIIHX oc06eHII0 nop:qepKIIBaeTCH TeM
06CTOHTeJIbCTBOM, ITO C pa3BIITIIeM relIeTIIKH OKa3aJIOCb B03MOiI IIhIM BhIHBIITb
Y IeJIOBeKa npII3IIaIUI C MOlIocpaKTOpIIaJIblIbIM IICCJIep:OBaIIIIeM, T. e. p:eTepMII-
IIIIpOBalIlIhIe B CBoeH lIaCJIep:CTBeIIIIOII rrepe)J;aqe O)],IIIIM IIJIII p:BYMH rerraMII.
OIIII rrop:Bepi:IWlIbI BIIYTp1fIIonynHl(1IOHlIhIM 3cpcpeKTaM, no pe3YJIbTaTallf KOTO-
pbIX MomlIO CYJJ:IITb 0 KOIIKp€'rIIOH IICTOpHII nonYJIH HII II COCTaBJIelIlIbIX II3
IIHX 3TIIIIqeCKIJX rpynn, 0 BpeMeIIII cpOpMIIpOBaIIHH, 3Tanax p:IIcpcpepelIl(Ua-
l(HII, relIeTIIqeCKIIX KOIITaKTax C p:pyrIIMH rpynna m II T. p:.
3. qeJIOBe IecKIIe rronynHl(IIII OTp:eJIelIhI op:IIa OT )J;pyroii: relIeTIIqeCKIIMIf
6apbepaMII. TIomITIIe relIeTII IeCRoro 6apbepa HMeeT B qeaOBeqeCKOM oOIl1;e-
CTBe OC06hIll CMhICJI, TaK KaK B Ka IeCTBe TaKOBhIX, nOMHMO reorpacpIIqeCKIIX
py6emen (peKII, rOpHhIe xpe6TbI, pa3IIhIe JIalIp:macpTHbIe 30IIhI), BhlcTyrraIOT
COl(HaJIblIhIe cpaKTophl: 8TIIH IeCKHii:, H3hIKOBOH, 8TIIOKYJIbTYPlIhIH, peJIIIrII03-
IIhIH, COl(IIaJIbII0-8KOJJOMU IecKIIll H p:p. C ,ll,pyroH CTOpOlIbI, 6HOJIorII IeCKHe
cpaKTopbI TepflIOT y qeJIOBeKa 3IIa IeIIIIe relIeTII IeCKIIX 6apbepoB, TaK JmK
pe'Ib IIp:eT 0 ep:1IIIOM nalIoHI{yMelIlIoM BII)J;e, BIIYTPII KOToporo IIeT 6IIOJIOrH Ie-
CKHX npenHTcTBIIII K Chpem;IIBaIIIIIO (OTCYTcTBue II36IIpaTeJIblIOCTII B MeiRpa-
COBhIX 6paKax) . TaKIIM 06pa30M, nonyJIHl(HH OTJIllqaIOTCH op:IIa OT p:pyrolr
rpaHII aMII, CTaBHm;HlIfII npemITcTBHH R pacnpOCTpalIelIIIIO Tex lInH IIHbIX
relIOB. BIIYTPII nonYJIHl(IIII cB060,ll,IIoe CKpem;IIBaIIIIe M€)HP:Y ee qJIelIaMII paB-
118
HOBepOHTIIO BO BCeX IIanpaBJIeIIHHX. B 3aBllCllMOCTII OT IIeO)]:lllIaKOBOH IllITe 11-
HBIIOCTII ,ll,eHCTBHH pa3IIh1X relIeTHqeCKHX oapbepOB cym;ecTByeT lIepapXllH.
norryJIH Hll (MHKporronYJIHl(llH, cy6norrYJIHl(llH, 60JIbIDHe nonYJIHl(IIH, )]:eMh1,
pa3IIbIe 3TIIIlqeCKlIe II p,pyrIIe COl(llaJIblIbIe 06IDIIOCTll). Pa3JIlI IHH MeiRp,y 8'ra-
maMII ;WOll lIepapXllH IIeOp,HlIaKOBbI IIa pa3HbIX TeppllTopllHX Ii, KpOMe Toro,
EbIpamelIbI lIe OqelIb OTqeTJIHBO, OTpa}RaH IIea6COJIIOTIIbIH xapaKTep relIeTH-
'1.JeCKllX 6apbepOB KaR )J;llcpcpepelI:qHpYIOIl1;IIX rpaIIII .
4. AIITpOnOJIOI'IIqeCKOe II3Y'leIIIIe COBpeMelIlIoro IIaCeJIelIHH alITporrOJIOr
ocym;eCTBJIHeT caM H nOTOMY opralIII3yeT ero B COOTBeTCTBIIII C IIOrryJIH IfOH-
HbIMII npIIIIQImaMII. TaK KaK nonYJIHl(IfII npe)J;CTaBJIHIOT C060ll IIII3mllII ypo-
BellI, paCOBOH KJIaCCIIcpllRa IIH qeJIOBeqeCTBa, TO II alITponOJIOrH 1eCKoe IICCJIe-
,ll,OBaIIIIe JII060n TeppllTopHH onHpaeTCH HMelIlIO IIa IIHX. 3aTeM B I{a IeCTBe
CJIep,YIOm;HX cTynelIeH paCOBOH KJIaCCllcpIIKal(IIH BbI)J;eJIHIOTCH aIITponOJIOrH Ie-
CKHe TIInbI HJIII rpynllbI nonymIl(IIH, rpyrrIIbI alITpOIIOJIOrllqeCKIIX THnOB, lIfa-
JIbIe II 60JIbIDIIe paCbI. Bce OIlll HBJIHIOTCH BbIpaiRelIllel\I pa3IIOH llIITeHCIIBHO-
TH CMemeIIIIH relIOB BIIYTPH pa3JIllqlIh1X TeppHTOpHaJIblIbIX rpynn II nOTOMY
1\fOrYT 6bITb HcrrOJIb30BalIbI p,JIH BOCCTalIOBJIelIllH IICTopnn 8TIIHqeCKHX o6m;IIo-
CTell, BXOp:Hm;HX B COCTaB 8TIIX rpynII.
5. B alITpOnOJIorIIqeCKOM II3yqelIHII p,peBlIero IIaCeJIelIHH alITpOnOJIOr 3a-
BllCllT OT apxeOJIora, npep,OCTaBJIHIOm;erO eMY aIITpOnOJIOI'IIqeCKllll MaTepHaJI.
TIoCJIep,IIHll qam;e Bcero co6lIpaeTcH CJIyqalllIO B npOl(ecce apXeOJIOrII'leCRIIX
paCKonOR H nOTOMY IIenpIIrOp,eII p,JIH nOIIYJIH IfOIIIIOH peKolIcTpYK IIH (IIOP,
HeH CJIep,yeT nOIIIIMaTh BOCCTalIOBJIelIHe He TOJIbKO alITpOIIOJIorIIqeCKHX OCO-
6elIIIOCTen p,aIIIIOH nonymJl(IIll, 110 H ee p,eMorpacpHqeCKOll CTPYKTYph1: yp,eJIh-
Horo Beca pa3IIh1X nOKOJIeIIHH, npop,ommrreJIblIOCTH mll3IIH, ypOBIIH ,ll,eTCKOll
CMepTIIOCTll, cpepTIfJIblIOCTH H T. p,.). He06xop,IIMa nOJIlIaH paCROIIRa ApeBIIIIX
RJIa.:r6Hm; CO COOpOM Bcero IIaJIeOalITpono.TIOrHqeCKOrO MaTepllaJla, BKJIIO IaH
KeJIeThI p,€'reH H MJIa.D:elIl(eB. OTp,eJIblIhIe onbITbI TaKHX paCKonOR II COOTBeT-
C:rBYIOm;ell alITpOnOJIOrllqeCROll 06pa60TKH naJIeOalITponOJIorHQeCKlIX MaTC-
pllaJIOB H3 IIllX YiRe p,aJIlI xopomIIe pe3YJIbTaTbI (IICCJIeP,OBalIllH aIITpOnO,'IO-
rOB BelIrpHH, repMalICROH .D:eMoKpaTIlqeCROll Pecny6JIIIKlI H p,pyrIIx CTpalI).
TIOJIIIOCTbIO paCRonalIlIbIe lIfOrIIJIblIHKH p,peBlIero IIaCeJIelIIIH IIa TepplrropllII
CCCP, npll KOTOph1X 6hIJI 6bI c06pall BeCb aHTpOnOJIOrllqeCKlIll MaTepHaJI,
rrORa ep,IIlIIIQlIbI, ITO C03p,aeT 3IIaqIITeJIblIhIe Tpyp,IIOCTH B IICIIOJIb30BalIIIII pe-
3YJJhTaTOB II3yqelIIIH naJIeOalITponOJIOrIIII CCCP ,ll,JIH HCTOpHqeCKllX peKOH-
mpYKl(lIll.
I TO.aCTOB C. n. I1pOOJIeMbI P;Op0,I10BOrO OOll\eCTBa /1 COB. ;JTHOrpacPHH. 1931. oM 3/4.
2 0630p IICCJIep;OBaHHll CJ\L: HnlulOB B. ,no ABCTpaJIOIIIITeKoBble (Australopithecinae) 1/
HCKonaeMble I'OMIIHH,1bI H rrpoIIcxoilqeHHe '1eJIOBeKa. M., 1966. (Tp. I1H-Ta 3THO-
rpacPHII AH CCCP. H. C.; T. 9 ).
3 r.wf}';'OBU T. J{. OCOOeHIIOCTII p;ep!IIaTOrJIHcPHKII HeKOTopbIX Hapop;HOCTeii CCCP /1
COB. aHTpOrrOJIOI'IIH. 1957. .1\-;' 1.
I, lKupoe H. C/J. ATJIaHTIIp;a. OCHoBHble rrpOOJIeJ\IbI aTJIaHTOJIOrHII. M., HJ64.
'i Schwidetzky I. Die vorspanische Bevolkerung der Kanarischen Inseln. Anthropolo-
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oM 5; On :!ICe. 0 rrpOIICX01Kp;eHIIII rrOJlIIHe3IIiil\eB if I1poo.:reMbI aHTporrO!IOrIIII II IICTO-
plI'IeCKOII 3THorpacPIIH A3IIII. M., 1968.
7 Riesenjeld A. Shovel - shaped incisors and a IpW other dental featres among the
native peoples of the Pacific 1/ ArneI'. J. Phys. Anthropol. N. S., 1956. Vol. 14, N 3.
11 CBOP;KY p;aT 01.: IfBa1ioea /1. f{. reOJIOBI'IeCKIIii BoapacT IICKOrraeJ\IOro 'IeJIOBelm.
M., 1965.
9 CJ\I., Harrp.: I1cTopHH rrepBOOblTHOrO OOll\eCTBa. OOll\IIe BOrrpOCbI. I1pOOJIeJ\ILI aHTpo-
rrOCOl\IIOreHe3a. M., 1983; lIcTopnH rrepBoobITHoro 06ll\eCTBa. 3rroxa rrepBOOblTHOH
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119
I
I
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rrpaBOll: PYKOH II KpaT. co061l\. HH-Ta apxeOJIonm. AH CCCP. 1961. BbIrr. 84.
12 01i :!ICe. 0 rrpoTFlBorrOCTaBJIemm 60JIbmOrO rraJIbl\a PYKII HeaHp;epTa.JIbCKOrO '1eJIO-
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12 Vallois H. La duree de la vie chez l'Homme fossile II Anthropologie (France). 1937.
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1& Poccer 3. ITpOIWCC cTapeHIIH HaCeJIemIH. M., 1968.
15 AJI,eKCeee B. n. 0 rrepBII'IHOH p;lIcPcPepeHl\Flal\IIFI '1eJIOBe'leCTBa Ha pacI.!. lIepBII'IHbIe
O'larll pacooopa30BamIH II COB. 3THorpacPHH. 1969. M 1; 01i :!ICe. 0 rrepBII'IHOII P; lI cP-
cP e peHl\lIal\1I1I '1eJIOBe'leCTBa Ha paCbI. BTOpll'llThIe o'iarIl pacooopa30BaHHH II TaM
1Ke. 1969. oM 5.
16 J{e6e,,? r. (/J., JJeBuH M. r., TpoiflUMoBa T. A. AHTpOIIOJIOrH'IeCKIIll: MaTepFlaJI aK IIC-
TO'lHIIK Fl3yqeHIIH BorrpOCOB 3THoreHe3a I I TaM 1Ke. 1952. oM 1.
17 TYM.3H J{. BorrpocbI 3THoreHe3a MOHrOJIOB B CBeTe ):1aHHblx lIaJIeOaHTpOrrOJIOrnFl:
ABTOpecP. ;a;FlC. n. KaH):1. IICT. HaYK. M., 1985.
18 rOXMaH 11. 11. Cpe):1Hea3HaTCKaH KOJIOHIIH B IIpFl6aHKaJIbe IllIpooJIeMbI aHTpOrrOJIO-
rHFI If IICTOpll'leCKOII 3THorpacPIIII A3I1I1. M., 1968; AJI,eKCeeB B. n. "tJeperra 113 My-
CYJIbMaHCKFlX rrorpeoeIIIIII B Tyne Ii ¥'1eH. 3arr. TYBIIH. Hayq.-IICCJIep;. IIH-Ta H3bIK3.
JIFlT., IICTOpFlFl. 1960. BbIII. 8.
13 Yen Yin. Neolitic human skeletons unearthed at Hua-Hsien, Shensi/lVertebr. pale-
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2J A. eKceeB B. n. AHTpOrrOJIOrll'leCKlIe ):1aHHbIe R rrp06JIeMe rrpOIlCX01K):1eHIIH HaCeJIe-
HIIH l\eHTpaJIbHbIX rrpe;a;roplIiJ KaBKa3cKoro xpeoTa II AHTpOrrOJIOrlI'leCKlIH COOPHIIK.
IV. M., 1963. (Tp. HH-Ta 3THOrpacPFlII AH CCCP. H. C.; T. 82).
21 BpoMJI,eii /0. B. 3moc II 3Hp;oraMFlHiICoB. 3THOrpacPlIH. 1969. oM 6.
22 B Y1iaK B. B. 113Y'leHHe MaJIbIX rrorrYJIHl\III1 B aHTpOrrOJIOrlI1I II BOlip. aHTpOrrOJIOrIIH.
M., 1965. BbIII. 21.
23 rUH36ypz B. B. rOpHble Ta):11KIIKFI. MaTeplIaJIbI rro aHTpOrrOJIOrlIII Tap;1KIIKOB Kapa-
TerFlHa II ,lJ,apBa3a. M.; JI., 1937; 01i :!ICe. I130reMOarrJIIOTFlHal\IIH Y ropHbIX Ta):11KII-
KOB II AHTPOrrOJI. 1KYPH. 1934. oM 1/2.
2 PWiKOB /0. r. AHTpOrrOJIOrH'IeCKoe IICCJIep;OBaHlIe rrpOl\eCca I130JIHl\HH Ha lIaMlIpe
II E\aBKa3e II Tp. VII. Me1Kp;YHap. KOHrp. aHTpOrrOJI. II 3THorp. HaYR. M., 1968. T. 1.
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tlw Causes of Variation in Blood group and other Gene Frequencies in a Small
Population II Yearbook of physical anthropology, 1952. N. Y., 1954. Vol. 8.
26 Schwidetzky I. Grundziige del' Volkerbiologie. Stuttgart, 1950.
27 AJI,enceeea T. H. 3THoreHe3 BOCTO'lHbIX CJIaBHH IIO ):1aHHbIM aHTpOIIOJIOrnll. M., 1973.
28 MaKCliMeHKoB r. A. BrrycKHbIe MOrFlJIbI oKYHeBcKoro 3Talia B acPaHacbencKFlx KYP-
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cPIIH. 1966. .1\1 3.
29 A,'leKceee B. n. 1I03;rJ,HFle KO'leBHIIKII KY3Hel\KOll: KOTJIOBIIHbI IIO ;rJ,aHHbIJ\1 rraJIeOaHTpo-
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31 IIHTepecHlI B 3TOll: CBH311 rFllIOTe3a M. II. rpH3HOBa 00 OCOObIX p;eTCKIIX KJIan;UII£l\aX
Y p;peBHero Hace:reHFlH CIIOlIpII. C I.: rpR31iOB M. n. UCTOpIIH ):1peBIflIX llJIeJ\IeH OOlf
IIO paCKOIIKa)1 UJIII3 C. BOJIbmaH Pe'lKa II MaTeplIaJIbI II nCCJIC):10BaHIIH IIO apxeOJIO-
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n Ivanisek F. Staroslavenska necropola u Ptuju. Ljublana, 1951; Kastelie J., Skerlj B.
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Ii Schott L. Zllr Palaodemographie del' hochmittelalterlischen Siedlung von Reckahn.
(OTl'!;eJIbHbIII OTTIICK, 6/1'.)
35 Shloukal :fl. Heidnische Elemente im Leben IeI' Bevolkerung des groJ3mahrischen
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Sf Be. UKaHOBa M. C. AHTpOIIOJIOrlI'leCKHH MaTepIIaJI BbIXBaTIIHCKoro )lOrn:rbHIIKa II
MaTepIIaJIbI II IICCJIep;OBaHIIH rro apxeOJIorlI1I CCCP. lVI., 1961. T. 84.
I
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126
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128
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rlIlI 6Y)J,eT IIenOJIlIhIM, eCJIII lIe CKa3aTb HeCKOJIbKO CJIOB 0 ae tOzpafjjU'ieCKOU
f}unaMuKe 'ie.fl,Oee'ieCTea. ;:ho OCHOBIIOii IIpe)),MeT 1I3yqelIlIH oc060ii IIayqHOn
..1.lIC IUIJIIIHhI - naJIeO)J,eMorpacpIIII. B CBOIIX II3bICKalIlIHX naJIeO)J,eMorpacpHH
'IaCTIIqIIO onnpaeTCH Ha JJ:alIHhIe rrHCbMelIlIbIx IICTOqHllKOB, 110 rrpH peKOIICT-
pyKl(IIII )J,eMorpacpHqeCKIIX napaMeTpOB HaCeJIelIHH )J;OIIIICbMeIIJIhIX 3IIOX IICTO-
plIlI qeJIOBeqeCTBa olla rrCnOJIb3yeT naJIeOaIITpOnOJIOrII'IeCKIIll MaTeplIaJI H B
3TOH cBoeii '1aCTII CTbfRyeTcH C IICTOprrqeCKOH allTpOnOJIOrnelI.
IIaJIeOalITpono.TIOrlIqeCKOe lICCJIe)J;OBalIlIe He MOllieT .D:aTb TO'lHhIe OCIIOBa-
HIIH )J;JIH onpe)J;eJIeHIIH qIICJIelIlIOCTII B pa3JIllqlIhle IICTOpIIqeCKHe IIepnO)J;bI OT-
.:reJIblIhlX qeJIOBeqeCKlIX ROJIJIeKTIIBOB II qeJIOBeqeCTBa B I:t;eJIOM; 3Tll BbIBO)J,bI
OCHOBhlBaIOTCH lIa naJIe03KOJIOrrrqeCRlIX paCqeTaX II KOCBelIHhIX C006paiRelIlI-
HX. 3aTO naJIeOalITpOnOJIOrIIqeCKIIH MaTeplIaJI He3aMeIlIIM npH peKOIICTpYK-
1I1I1I )J,pyrlIx JJ:eMorpacpIIqeCKllX IIapaMeTpOB - ypOBHH )J;eTCKoii CMepTIIOCTII,
rrpO)J,o.TIiRHTeJIbIIOCTlI iR1I31IIf, qaCTOThI CMeHbI nOROJIeHIIH II To )),. Ha OCIIOBe
<lTOrO MaTepIIaJIa YiRe ceiiqac MOiRlIO C)J,eJIaTb )J,Ba BamlIbIX BhIBO)J,a. nepBbIH
1I3 IIIIX COCTOIIT B TOM, qTO mlIpOKO paClIpOCTpalIeJIHoe pallee MlIelIlIe 0 no-
CTerrelIlIOM yBeJIIIqelIlIH rrpOD;om-KIITeJIbIIOCTH mII3IIH JIIO)J,eli Ha rrpOTHj-KelIllH
rrCToplUI lIe COOTBeTcTByeT 3MnIIplIqeCKlIM IIa6JIIO)),eIIIIHM. Y CTaIIOBJIeIIO, qTO
.JJIHTeJIbIIOCTb iRlI31I1I O)),Horo nOKOJIelIlIH rrpll6JIH3IITeJIblI0 paBlIa 25 ro)),aM;
5 B. n. AJICRCCCB
129
TaKOM OHa coxpaHHeTCH OT nepB06bITIIOCTH O 3noxII cpep:neBeKOBbH. A 3TO
03IIaqaeT, IIanplIMep, 'ITO, Bo-nepBbIX, TaR Ha3hIBaeMaH HeOJIIITlIqeCKaJI peBO-
JIIOl(IfJI, C KOTOpOM IfCCJIe)),OBaTeJIH pallee Tpap:II HOIIIIO CBJI3bIBaJIII If3MeHelIIfe
OCIIOBlIhIX )J;eMorpacpH<IeCRIIX IIapaMeTpOB, IIa caMOM )),eJIe lIe OKa3aJIa CROJIbKO-
IIIf6YP:b Om;YTIfllwro BJIIIJIIIIIJI IIa yBeJIIfqelIIIe npO)),OJImIITeJIbIIOCTH mII3HH,
'ITO, BO-BTOphIX, pOCT 06m;eH qIfCJIeIIIIOCTII IIaCeJIelIlIH 3eMJIH BnJIOTb )),0 3nOXII
cpep:IIeBeI{OBbJI npoIIcxo)),IfJI JIIIillb 3a CqeT YMelIbillelIIIJI )J;eTCKOM cMepTHocTH.
BTOpOH BbIBO)J; RaCaeTCJI COOTHOmelIlIJI npo)),OJIiRIITeJIbIIOCTII mH3HII MymqHH
II melIm;lIlI. BhfJIClIelIO, qTO BO Bce npep:illecTByIOm;Ife 3nOXII B OTJIIfqIIe OT
cOBpeMelIlIocTII MymqIfHbI 6bIJIlI HeCKOJIbKO )J;OJIrOBeqlIee melIm;IIH. 8TO, 110-
BII)J;IIMOMY, 06'hJICIIJIeTCJI KaK pa3HbIM IIOJI01KelIlIeM MymqIfII II me IIH B XO-
3JIMCTBe (rJIaBlIbIM 06pa30M TeM, qTO melIm;lIlIhI IIOCTOJIIIIIO npe6bIBaJIII B aHTIf-
caIIIITaplIbIx yCJIOBHJIX )J;peBlIlIx IIOCeJIKOB), TaK II onaClIbIMII OCJIOmlIeIIIIJIMIf,
conpoBomp:aBillHMIf p:eTOpOiRp:eHlIe, C KOTOpbIMII B CBoe BpeMJI lIe MOrJIII 60-
POTbCJI.
IhaK, MopcpOJIOrIIqeCKaH p:IIlIaMHKa 'IeJIOBe'IeCTBa, WlCPcpepelIJJ;HaJJ;IIJI II HH-
Terpa IIJI qeJIOBeqeCKIIX nonYJIJI IfH no MopcpOJIOrIfqeCKIIM npII3IIaKaM, CPIf-
3IIOJIOrHqeCKaJI p:lIlIaMIfKa, )),IIcpcpepelI:qHa IfJI H HIITerpa:qIIJI nonYJIJI IIH no
CPlI3IIOJIOrlIqeCKIIM IIpII3HaKaM, p:eMorpacpIfqeCRaH )J;IfIIaMIfKa 'IeJIOBeqeCTBa-
BOT Te CPYII)J;aMeIITaJIbHbIe np06JIe1IbI IfCTOplI<IeCROH aIITpOnOJIOrIfII, 6e3 YC-
nemlIOH pa3pa60TKH KOTOpbIX IIeB03MOmlI0 )),OCTaTOqIIO nOJIHO peillIITh MIIO-
rIle HCTOplI'IeCKlIe Up06JIeMbI.
B 3aKJII01JeIIHe IIeJIb3JI He CKa3aTb, 'ITO HCCJIe)J;OBaTeJIbCKIfe YCIIJIIfJI, IIal(e-
JIelIHbIe IIa pa3peillelIlIe Bcex 3TIfX np06JIeM, pa36pocalIhI no MIIOrlIM yqpem-
p:eIIIIJIM. 06 aKap:eMlIqeCKIfX IIIICTHTYTax YiRe ynOMlIlIaJIOCb BbIme, 60JIbIIlaJr
pa60Ta rrpOBop:lfJIaCb II npOBO)),IITCJI B MHcTIITYTe aHTpOnOJIOrlI1I II IIa Kacpe)),-
pe alITpOnOJIOr1I1I MOCKoBcKoro YIIIfBepcrrTeTa, 3alIlIMaIOTCJI :nOH TeMaTIIKOH
H MlIorIfe reHeTIfqeCKlIe JIa60paTopHIf. 0 nOJIb3e Koop)),lIlIa 1I1I COBeTCKHX IIC-
cJIep:onalIIfH B 3TOH 06JIaCTIf, KaK If 0 60JIee TeCIIOH CBJI31I IIX C COOTBeTCT-
BYIOm;HMII IfCCJIep:OBaHIIJIMII 3a Py6eiROM, oc06eHIIo B C0JJ;lIaJIIICTIfqeCKIIX CTpa-
IIax, lIe UPHXOP:IITCJI rOBopHTb, H II03TOMY IIa3peBmeH 3a)J;aqeM 6bfJIO 6bI
C03p:a1IHe KaKorO-TO Koop)J;IIlIaJJ;IIOHlIoro JJ;elITpa B BH)),e COBeTa no IICTOplIqe-
CRIfM rrp06JIeMaM alITpOIIOJIOrlIqeCROH HaYKH B CIfCTeMe AKa)),eMIIIf IIayK
CCCP.
! Map,;c K., 31i2e.nbC (]J. CO'l. 2-e 1I3}J;. T. 21. C. 25-26.
2 CM.: A.ne,;ceeB B. n. IlorrYJIHl\lIoHHaJJ CTpYKTypa '1eJIOBe'leCTB3 II IICTOplI'IeCKafI
aHTpOrrOJIOrlIH II COB. apXeOJWrIIH. 1970. oM 3; 01i :!ICe. I1cToplI'IecKaH aHTpOIIOJIOrIIH.
M., 1979.
qaCTII'IHO pe3yJIbTaTbI 3TOM: paooTbI oCBeIl:\eHbI B IIYOJIIIKal\IIHx: A68Yllte.nUlltBU-
.nu M. r. 0 COBMeCTHbIX cOBeTCKU-IIH}J;IIM:CKliX aHTpOrrOJIOI'II'IeCKIIX IICCJIe}J;oBaHIIHx
(KaJ\lIIaHIIH 1971 r.) /1 BecTH. AH CCCP. 1972. oM 1; HOBbIe }J;aHHbIC K aHTpOIIOJIOl'IIII
CeBepHoii IIH,I1I1I1. Pe3YJIbTRTbI COBe'fCIW-IIH}J;lIfICKIIX IICCJIep;OBaHIIM: 1971 r. M., 1980;
A68Yllte.nUlltBu.nU M. r., A.nenceeB B. n., ApYTWlLOB C. A., Ce.Malltno If. M. COBJ\IeCT-
HbIC cOBeTCKO-IIH}J;IIM:CmIC aHTpOrrOJIOrlI'IeCKIIe IICCJIe}J;OBaHIIH B IlH}J;1I1I B 1974--
1975 rr. II COB. 3THOrpacPIIH. 1976. oM 6.
I
f30
$'
-
8BOJIIOIJ;110HHhIE ACIIEKThI
AHTPOIIOJIOrMli PEBHErO HACEJIEHMH
IIOCTAIIOBRA BOIIPOCA
Up06JIeMa SBOJIIOl(HH COBpeMeHlIoro qeJIOBeKa 3aHHMaeT B HaYKe cerO,ZJ;HHm-
:nero ,ZJ;IIH qpe3BbllJaHHO cBoe06pa3Hoe 1I0JIOiRe1IIIe. C O.D:IIOH CTOpOlIbI, OqeBII-
)J,eH ee BbI,ZJ;aIOm;HHCH TeOpeTIIqeCKIIH II npaKTII'leCfiIIH HHTepec, C ,ll,PyroH-
MHorHe HCCJIe,ll,OBaTe.'IH CqIITaIOT STY np06JIeMY MIIHIIWH, a xapaKTepHblH AmI
Homo sapiens IWlIfnJIeKC npH3HaKoB cTa6H.JIblIhIM II BhIme,ZJ;mHM H3-nO)];
..KOHTpOJIH 3BOJIIOI\HOHlIbIX 3alwHoMepHocTeH. npOTIIBOnOJImKlIOCTb nO,ll,XO.D:OB
onpe,ZJ;e.JIfleT, eCTeCTHelIHO, II OCTPOTY .D:IlCKYCCHII.
IIepeopHenTHpoBKa BIIHMaHHH cOBpeMelIlIoH IIaYKH Ha BIIYTPIIBII,ZJ;OBYIO
)];HHaMHRY Bhl3BaJIa K 1I\H3IIH KOMnJIeKC BonpocoB, 06'be,ZJ;HIIHeMhIx nOHHTHeM;
lIfHI{P03BOJIIOl(HII. l-\:aK H3BeCTHO, qaCTO MHKpOSBOJIIOl(Hfl npoTIIBonOCTaBJIHeT-
CH l\laKpOSBOJIIOI IIII, T. e. ::JBOJIIOIUIH B Tpa,ll,Ill(HolIHO 1 CMhICJIe - U3MeHeHIIHlIf
IIa)J;BH.D:OBOrO ypOBIIH. He BXO,ZJ;H B cym;ecTBo ,ll,HCKYCCHII, OTllfeqy )J;Ba MO-
MeHTa:
a) IIeCOnOCTaBHMOCTh lIfacmTa60B H pe3YJIbTaTOB MHKpO- II MaKpOaBOJIIO-
l(HH, B03MomlIoe npOHBJIelIHe B TOH H ,ZJ;PyroH pa3HhIX 3aKOHOMeplIOCTeH IWII
pa3JIHqlIOR HIITeHCHBIIOCTH ,ll,eHCTBHH O,ZJ;IIHX H Tex lIW 3aJ\OHoMepHocTelI;
6) pa3BepThIBalIIIe SBOJIIO:qHOHHoro npOl(ecca IIa 6a3e lIfHKpOSBOJIIOl(HOII-
HhIX nepeCTpOeK. BTopoe 06CTOHTeJIhCTBO BonpeRII nepBOMY n03BOJIHeT CqII-
TaTb BIIYTPIIBH,ZJ;OBYIO ,ZJ;IUIaMHRY SBO.JIIOl(HOHnoH, qeM H onpe)J;eJIHIOTCH IIa-
3BaHIIe II TeMa pa3)];eJIa.
B IIeM nOH,ZJ;eT peqb JIIImb 0 Tex H3l1felIe1IHHX, ROTOphIe npOIICXO)J;HJIlI B
paMKax BH)];a COBpeMeHHoro qe.JIOBeRa, T. e. B paMKax MHRpOSBO.JIIOl(HII Homo
sapiens. Ha)];IJH)];OBaH TaKCOIIOllfHH H ,ll,HlIaMHKa rOMHIUI,ZJ;, npol(ecc alITponore-
IIe3a B u;eJIOM, B TOM qHCJIe H np06JIeMa npOHcxom)J;elIHH COBpeMeHlIoro qeJIO-
BeKa, BhIXOJ\HT 3a npe,ll,eJIbI MHKpOSBOJIIOl(HH B Y3KOM CMbICJIe CJIOBa. Olla
OXBa TblBaeT yqeT H3l1fenelIHH pa3Maxa H3MelIqHBOCTII npII3HaKoB BO B pellfelIII,
T. e. ,ll,HlIaMHKy BII,ZJ;OBOH H3MelIqHBOCTH, H3yqelIHe rJIy6HIIhI BHYTpHBlmOBOH
J;IIcpcpepelIl(Hal(HH, T. e. cnel(HcpIIKII qeJIOBeqeCKHX nonYJIHl(HH, CTPYKTYPY
RIIYTPHBH.iJ:OBOH II3MenqIIBOCTIf, T. e. TaKCOHOMIIqeCROe npoCTpaHCTBo qeJIO-
BeqeCKOrO BII,ll,a, HanpaBJIeHlIhIe H3MelIelIHH npH3IIaKOB BO BpeMeHH, HaKolIe:q,
BlIellIHIIe BH,ll,OBhIe II BIIYTpeHHIIe IIonYJIHl(HOHnO-CeJIeKTIIBHhIe II MYTaI\IIOII-
IIhIe cpaKTophl Bcex STIIX H3MeHeIIIIR.
OCHOBHbIM IICTOqlIIlKOM CBe,ll,eIIIIH no STHM BonpocaM HBJIHeTCH naJIeo-
aHTpOnOJIOrHqeCKHH MaTepHa.JI. Ero peRoIICTpYKTI:TBlIbIe B03MOiRIIOCTII Tpe6y-
lOT Cnel(HaJIbHOrO OCBem;eIIIIH II nOTOMY OCTaBJIeHhI 3a npe,ll,eJIaMH H3JIOiRe-
HHH. npH nepeXo)];e K COBpeMelIlIOH snoxe MOffiHO npHB.JIeqL COMaTO-
JIOrHqeCKHe ,ll,alIlIhIe, 1I0 conOCTaBJIelIHe HK C naJIeOaHTpOnOJIOrHqeCKIIMII
3aTpY,ZJ;lIeno. relIoreorpacpHqeCKaH HlIcpopMal(HH lIe HMeeT npHMOH BpeMeHIlOH
nepcneKTHBbI, H nOSTOMY Bce reHoxpOIIO.JIOrHqeCKlIe C006paiRelIIIH lIe BbIXO-
,ZJ;HT 3a npe,ZJ;eJIbI 60JIee IIJIH Mellee npaB,ZJ;ono,ZJ;06IIbIX rIInOTea.
P A3MAX BIInOBon II3MEHQIIBOCTII
Pa3Max H3MelI IHBOCTH xapaKTeplIhlX ,ll,JIH BII,ZJ;a npH3HaKOB 3aBHCIIT OT npe)J;-
mecTBYIOm;eH ero HCTOpHH, llIHpOThI apeaJIa, ,ZJ;HcnepCIIOCTH SKOJIOrHqeCKOn
HHmH HJIH cOBoKynIlocTH SKOJIOrHqeCKHX IIIlm, MIIOrOqIICJIelIlIOCTII 06pa3YIO-
'1l1;IIX BII)J; nonYJIJI:qHH. COBpellfeHlIoe qeJIOBeqeCTBO IIlIfeeT ,ZJ;JIHTeJIbIIYIO H
131
5*
Ta6JIHn;a 1
Pa3Max H3MeH'IHJlOCTH npH3HaKoB y '1eJIOBeKa H MJIeKOIIHTaIOID;HX *
E
COBpeMeHHhIM 'IeJIOBeK BYPbIM Me):\Be):\h BponeHCKHlI KpOT
,0 '0<:"
0'
.9i - -
<:I <:I
IIpH3HaK min-max sr min-max S min-max 's .9
I';; I 's I
:::: 8
'" '" '"
S S S
l\1ymcKHe '1epena
ITonepe'lHblii: 1\HaMeTp 126,1-152,6 21,0 134,0-174,0 29,9 15,9-17,3 8.8
'1epenHoii: Kopo6KH
]J;JIIIHa OCHOBanlIH 90,5-107,6 18,,9 273,0-357,5 31,0 28,4-32,0 12,7
JIHn;a
" CKYJIOBaH ffiHpHHa 121,2-146,3 20.7 187,9-249,8 32,9 11,2-12,3 9.8
meHcKHe '1epena
ITonepe'lHbIii: 1\HaMeTp 124,0-145,0 16,9 103,0-153,5 49,0 15,7-17,2 9,6
'1epenHoii: Kopo6KII
]J;JIHHa OCHOBanlIH 87,2-101,0 15,8 237.0-292,6 23,5 27,3-30,7 12,5
JIHn;a
CKYJIOBaH mlIplIHa 114,4-138,0 20,6 147,0-192,0 30,6 11,0-12,5 13,6
* )J;aHHhIe no MJIeKOnHTaIOlI\HM B3RThI H3 hH. Oenee C. H. 3BepH BOCTO'lHOM EBponbI H CeBepHoi\:
A3HH. M.; JI., 1928-1931. T. I-II.
i.
,
,!
CJIOiRHYIO npe)J;meCTBYIOm;yIO HCTOpHIO, OXBaTbIBaeT B CBOellf paCrrpOCTpaHelIHH
BCIO 3eMJIIO H mIIBeT rr08TOllfY rrOqTH BO BCeX IIa3eMHbIX 8KO.JIOrHqeCKllX IIH-
max, rrpe,ll,CTaBJIeHlIbIX IIa nJIalI€Te, COCTOHT H3 lIfHorHX TbICHq, a lIfomeT
6hITb, H )J;eCHTKOB TbICHq rronYJIH:qHn.
Bce 8TH 06CTOHTeJIhCTBa ,ll,OJImlIbI BhI3bIBaTb HHTelICHBIIYIO H3MeHqIfBOCTI>
H, CJIe,ll,OBaTeJIhHO, 60.JIhrnyIO allfrrJIHTYAY KOJIe6alIHH OT)J;eJI'bHbIX npH3IIaKOB.
AJIH npOBepRH 8Toro npe)J;IlOJIOmeIIHH pa3Max H3l1felIqHBOCTH COBpeMelIlIorv
qeJIOBeKa conOCTaBJJeII no rOMOJIOrHqlIbIM npH3IIaRaM C H3MelIqHBOCThIO MJJe.
RonHTaIOm;HX (Ta6JI. 1). gJIH corrOCTaBJIeHHH HCrrOJIb30BalIbI .D:alIlIbIe no H3,
MelIqHBOCTH qeperra, TaR RaK, Bo-rrepBbIX, OH Hcc.JIe,ll,OBaII JIyqrne, 'IeM OCTaJIb-
IIOH CKeJIeT, BO-BTOPhIX, 011 pa3BHBaeTCH Y Bcex MJIeJ{orrHTaIOm;HX rro 60JIe(
HJIH Mellee CXO)J;HOMY nYTH, rr08TOMY B ero ?tlOpcpOJIOrHH MelILrne OTpamaeTCJI
IIeO)J;HHaKOBaH H3MelIqHBOCTh O)J;IIOHMeIIHhIX npH3IIaIWB Y npe)J;CTaBHTeJIell
pa3IIhIX BH)J;OB. B 06m;eM BH)J;IIO, qTO COBpeMelIlIhIH qeJIOBeK OTJIHqaeTCH BbI-
COKHM ypOBlIellf H3l1feHqIfBOCTH B pHAY MJIeKOrrHTaIOm;HX.
OTMe'IeHllbIe npHqHlIhl BbICOIWH BapIIa6e.JIbIIOCTH rrpH3IIaROB COBpeMeIIIIO-
1'0 BH,ZJ;a qeJIOBeKa II3MeIIHJIHCb B HIITelICIIBHOCTH CBoero ,ll,eHCTBHH IIa npOTH-
melIHH HCTOpHH qeJIOBeqeCTBa. IIJIom;aD:b rrepB06bITHOH OHKYlIfeHbI CRaKHYJJa
B BeJIHqIfHe B nepIIO,ZJ; OT BepXlIero rraJIeOJIHTa ,ll,0 HeOJIHTa, HMeHIIO 3a 8TO
BpeMH 6bI;J.[a OCBoelIa npaRTHqeCKH BCH nJIaHeTa, HO TeMrrhI OCBoeHHH TPYD:IIO-
,ZJ;ocTynlIbIx 3KOJIOrHqeCKJfX HIlrn, KOHeqIIO, nOCTOHlIlIO B03paCTaJIH no Mepe
pa3BIITHH npOH3BO)J;I1TeJIhlIhIX ClIJI H pOCTa TeXHUqeCKHX B03MOiRrrDCTeH.
llHCJIO qeJIOBeqeCKHX rronYJIH:qHH 3HaqIUeJIblIO B03pOCJIO B xOD:e HCTOpHH.
113 orpOMIIOll naJIeO)J;eMorpacpHqeCKOH JIHTepaTyphI BblTeKaeT HeorrpOBepmn-
lifO, 'ITO qIICJIeHIIOCTb qeJIOBeqeCTBa YBeJIHqHJIaCh, HaqHHaH C IIIImlIero rra-
JIeOJIIITa, MHIIIIMYM B ThICHqy pa3. napaJIJIeJIhHO pa3BHBaJIaC'b TelI,ZJ;eHl(HH K
YBeJIHqelIHIO rronYJIH:qHH 3a CqeT ,ll,eHCTBHH IIHTerpaTIIBHhIX MexaIIH3MOB, no-
II
. :
132
CTenelIIIO YCHJIHBaBrnHXCH B n03)J;IIIIe 3nOXH IICTOpHH qeJIOBeqeCTBa no
cpaBHelIHIO C paIIIIHMII.
C ,ZJ;pyroH CTOpOHhI, .D:OCTaTOqIIO lIfOm;HbIe relIeTIIqeCKHe 6apbepbI npo)J;OJI-
maIOT aKTHBIIO .D:eHCTBOBaTh II B COBpellfelIHYIO snoxy. OP:HU H3 IIHX - no-
JIIITIIqeCKHe rpalIH:qhI - cpaRTOp, HBIIO YCHJIIIBaIOm;HHCH B CBoeM )J;eRCTBIIH C
snOXH cpe,ll,ueBeROBbH. fImTOMY, XOTH nO.D:CqeTOB qHCJIa .D:peBIIHX nonYJIH Hii
B pa3IIhIe 3nOXII, B TOM qHCJIe H B COBpellfeHIIYIO, nORa He npOH3Be)J;eII0, HeT
OCHOBalIHH nOJIara Th, qTO Mem,ll,Y qHCJIOM nonyJIH Hii II qHCJIeHIIOCThIO qeJIO-
BeqeCTBa coxpalIHeTCH nOCTOHlIlIoe COOTHOilleHne. B03pocrnee B npe,ZJ;eJIax qe-
JIOBeqeCTBa qHCJIO nonyJIH:qHH HBJIHeTCH O)J;Hon H3 llpIIqHII relIernqeCROrO
pa3Ho06pa3HH.
Ha paHHHX STanax qeJIOEeqeCKOH HCTOpIIII HaJIHqHe relIeTIIqeCKOrO 6aph-
epa Mem)J;Y nonyJIH:qHHMII Bcer,ZJ;a HJIH nOqTIf Bcer,J,a npHBO,ZJ;H.rro R )J;eRCTBHIO
eHTp06eiRlIbIX, II TOJIhRO :qeIITp06emlIbIX, CIIJI. B COBpeMeHIIYIO SIIOXY TaKaH
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133
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3am;HThI II YCHJIHBaeT HMMYHOJIOrHqeCRYIO pe3IICTeIITIIOCTI" oT60p, IIaIIpaBJIeH-
HI,m B CTOPOIIY coxpaHelIlIH HH.II;HBII,ll,YYMOB C nOBhIlIIeIIHI,IM cOI(epmalIHeM
raMMa-rJI06YJIHIIOB B nJIa3Me KpOBH, BI,I3hIBaJI ROCBeUHO H YBeJIHqelIIIe rrpo-
l,eHTa JIHIJ, rpa:qHJlI,lIoro CJIOa\eHHH.
napaJIJIeJII,IIO MOrJIO YM8III,rnaTI,CH 3IIaqeHHe CKeJIeTa KaK oqara rOMe-
nos3a, nOJIHO oCBem;elIlIoe B IIaCTOHm;ee BpeMH He TOJIhKO C epYHRl(HOlIaJII,IlOH
III cpaBIIIITeJII,II0-epII3HOJIOrIIqeCKOH, 110 H C aBOJIIO IIOHIIOII TOqKH 3pelIHH 10.
¥MelII,lIIelIIIe MaCCI,I CKeJIeTa B IIpo ecce qeJIOBeqeCKOll SBOJIIO IIH rOBopIIT 0
TOM, qTO qaCTh rOMenOSTHqeCKOll 4:>YIIK I1H OH rrepe,ll,aJI APyrHM opralIaM.
BepOHTIIO, STOT IIpo:qecc rrpOAOJIiRaeTCH II B SBOJIIO:qHH Homo sapiens.
nOA:bITOmHBaH H3JIOmelIHOe BI,IlIIe, IIeOOXO.D:HMO IIOA'IepKIIYTI,:
a) aMIIJIHTYAhI KOJIe6aHHH cpeAIIHx KpanHOJIOrHqeCKHX npH3HaKoB 60JIee
IIJIII Mellee cTa6HJII,lIhI B pa3III,Ie 3IIOXH HCTOpIfII 'IeJIOBeqeCTBa;
6) rJIy6HIIa ,ll,Hep4:>epelI:qHa HH IIonYJIH:qIfH OTJIII'IaeTCH JIOKaJII,lIhIM CBoe-
06pa3HeM, HO He YBeJIIIqIIBaeTCH B xO)J;e BpeM€IIH;
B) rrorryJIH:qHOIIHhle cpeJJ:IIHe rro KpaIIHOJIOrHq'3CRIIM IIpII3HaRaM n0D;qHIIH-
IOTCH 3aKOlIY IIOpM3JIhHOrO pacnpeAeJIelIHH. OCTaeTCH neHCIII,IM, CepOpMHpOBa-
JIaCI, JIH TaKaH CTpYKTypa BIIYTPIIBH.II;OBOH II3MelIqHBOCTII B xO,ZJ;e 3BOJIIOl(HII
Homo sapiens HJIJI B03IIHRJIa BMeCT.3 C UHM;
1') IIarrpaBJIeHlIhIe II3l1IelIelIHH IIpH3lIaKoB pa3HoTHnHI,I B pa3JIHqlIblX paiio-
Hax oiIKYMelIbI. B IIX B03IIHKIIOBeHIIH, IIO-BH.II;HMOMY, 3IIa'IIfTeJII,Ha pOJII,
epH3IIOJIOrHqeCKIIX IIPHqIUI.
npHBeAelIlII,Ie nOJIOa\eHIIH JIerRO cOrJIacYIOTcH C IIpeACTaBJIeHIIeM 06 oc-
JIa6JIelIHH epopMo06pa3YIOm;eH pOJIH OT60pa B qeJIOBeqeCKOM 06m;ecTBe. Ho
OIIH COrJIaCYIOTCH II C .Il;PyrHM rrpe,ll,CTaBJIeIIIIeM, corJIaCIIO ROTOPOMY OTOOp lIe
OCJIa6eBaeT, HO npHIIl(HnHaJIhIIO MelIHeT epOPMY CBoero AeHCTBHH B qeJIOBeqe-
CROM 06II{eCTBe. R CBH3H C pa3Ho06pa3HeM SKOJIOrIIqeCRHX IIIIIII 011 BI,lcTyrra-
eT B pacceHBaIOm;eH epopMe, nOCTOHlIlIO C03.D:aBaH IICKJIIOqHTeJII,lIhln rrOJIH-
MOpepII3M qeJIOBeqeCKHX nonYJIH Hii BnYTpH cTa6HJII,lIblX BH,ZJ;OBI,IX rpalIIIU.
CrrpaBeAJIHBOCTI, TaKoro IIpeACTaB:IeIIIIH 0 pOJIH OToopa nop:TBepmAaeTcH 3a-
Be.Il;oMO 3aCBHAeTe.:'II,CTBOBaIIHhIMH tf>aRTaMu CHJIbHOrO ero BJIUHIIHH IIa Auua-
MHRY Mllorux rrpH3IIaKoB.
II
,
140
1
t J{e6elJ. r. W. 0 HeKOTOpbIX HarrpaBJIeHIIHX 1I3MeHeHlIii B CTpOeHlI1I '1eJIOBeKa COBpe-
MelIHoro BIIAa II COB. 3THorpacPlIH. 1961. oM 2.
:2 Schwidetzky I. Die Abnahme del" Unterschiede zwischen europiiischen Bevolkerun-
gen vom 5. vorchristlichen bis 2. nachchristlichen JahrtausendllHomo. 1968. Bd. 19,
H.1/2.
2 A. e1;CeeB B. n., Tpy6HuKoBa O. B. HeROTOpbIe IIp06JIeMbI TaKCOHOJlIlIIf II reHeaJIOrlI1I
a3IIaTCKlIX WHrO.:IOIIAOB (KpaHllmleTpIIH). HOBOCIIOllpCK, 1984.
4 A. enceeB B. n. IIpOIICX01K,I1eHlIe Hapop;OB KaBKa3a (KpaHIIOJIorH'leCKOe IICC;;!ep;OBa-
1I1Ie). M., 1974.
5 CBOAKY p;aHHbIX II OIIOJIlIorpacPlIIO CM.: A. eKceeB B. n. K cPII3IIOJIOrlI'IeCKOMY 00'1>-
HCHeHIIIO cPeH('l lCHa rpdl\Il.Ul3au,UII il BOHp. 3HlpOIIo:ronUl. 1.9;)1. BblII. :>1.
" B YHan B. B. CTPyKTYPHblC II3 IeHeHIIH 'leperra B IIpOIwcce 6paxlIKecPaJIlI3aI(1I1I II Tp.
V BcecoI03. C'1>e3p;a aHaTOMOB, rIICTOJIorOB 11 3M6pIIOJWroB. JI., 1951.
7 Schwidetzky I. Das Grazilisierungsproblem II Homo. 1962. Bd. 13, H. 3.
.8 P02UHcnuu H. H. MaTepnaJIbI no IICCJIeAOBaHIIIO CBH311 TeJIOCJI01KeHIIH II MOTOplIKIf II
AHTpono;;!. 1KYPH. 1937. oM 3.
A. eKceeBa T. H. 1I3MeH'IIIBOCTh OCHOBHbIX KOMIIOHeHTOB TeJIa '1eJIOBeEa B 3aBIlCII-
JlIOCTII OT ypOBHH JIlInIIp;OB B CbIBopoTKe KpOBII 3AopoBoro 'leJIOBeKa II MOPcP o -qJII3I!0-
.:IorH'leCRlIe IICCJIe,I1oBaHIIH B aHTponOJlOrlIlI. M., 1970.
H Kop:m:yeB n. A. feMorJIOOIIH. CpaBRIITeJIblIaH cPII31I0JIOrlIH II OIlOXIIMIIH. M., 1964.
t
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npOHBHBIllHXCH B nOCJIe,ZJ;HHe rO.D:I,I: B OAIIOllf CJIyqae peqj, Hp;eT 0 IIe06XO,ZJ;H-
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141
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! CJlI., Harrp.: AllallbeB B. r. 0 rrpOOJIeMaX cOBpeMeHHoro 'IeJIOBeR03HaHIIH. M., 1977.
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o HeRoTopbIX acrreRTax cO}J;epmaHIIH aHTpOrrOJIOrlI'IeCROII HaYRII II COB. 3THorpaqllIH.
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enceeB B. n. I1CToplI'IecKaH
aHTpODOJIOrIIH. M., 1979: Oll :!ICe. 3THoreHe3. M., 1986.
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3IIRa II cP0JIOcm!'1Cl\Ue rrp06JIeMbI Ii Boap. q1l1JIOcocPlIn. 1971. .I¥!! 3. i:ha CTaTbH IT£,-
perre'laTaHa B RH.: Bop H. 1136paHHble HaY'IHblC TPY;J:bI. T. II: CTaTbII 1925-1961.
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.iee BbICORopaSBHTbIM HaCeJIenIIeM, HO 6es 6pa'IHbIX cBHseH C HIIM. KOHTpOJIb
co CTOpOIIbI CMemHblX p;aHHbIX cOBepIIIeHHo He06xop;IIM II uap; aHTpOnOJIOrII-
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"'IeCKIIX IICTO'IHHROB. Ha npllJIaraeMOH cxeMe nORasaHO IIX HalI50JIee paSYM-
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I To. cToe c. flo HeKoTopbIe IIp06JIelllbI BcellUlpHoii: IICTOplIII B CBeTe gaHHblx COBpe-
MeHHoii IICTOpII'IeCKOII 3THorpag)IIII II Bonp. IICTOplIlI. 1961. M 11.
- Tm;apee C. Ao K 1l0CTaHOBKe np06JIeM 3THoreHe3a II COB. 3THorpag)IIH. 1949. M 3;
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153
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1961. ;M 1.
3 1/,e6elf Fo ([>., JIeeuu M. F., TpoifJUMoea To A. AHTpOIIOJIOrH'IeCKIIH MaTepRaJI RaR
RCTO'IHIIR II3Y'-IeHIIH BOHpOCOlJ 3THoreHe3a II Ta l me. 19520 ;M 1.
... TpeTbRKoe fl. H. oTHoreHeTII'IeCRIIII HpOl\eCC H apXeOJIOrlIH II COB. apXeOJIOrIIH. 1962.
.N£ 4. C !. TaKme: Ethnoarchaeulogy. No Y., 1979.
5 Kna6e F. C. CJIOBapHble 3alIMCTBOBaHHH R 3THoreHe3 II BOHpo H3bIR03HaHRH. 1962.
.N£1.
([>u.aun ([>0 ll. OGpa30BaHIIe H3bIRa BOCTOllHbIX CJIaBHH. Mo; JI., 1962.
BplOcoe A. H. K BOHPOCY 06 IIHgoeBpoHeiicKoIl np06JIellIe II COB. apXeOJIOrIIHo 1958.
.N£ 3; On 3/Ce. 00 3RcrraHCHR «h-YJIbTYP C 60eBbulH TorrOpa m}) B ROHl\e III TbICH'Ie-
JIeTIIH go H. 3. II TaM me. 1961. .N£ 3.
s CM. R3 HOBeiillieII JIIITepaTypbI: HepoanaK B. flo HHgoeBpoHeHCRlIe H3bIRII II CpaBHII-
TeJIbHO-HCTOpJI'IeCROe II3Y'IeHlIe H3bIROB pa3HbIX ceMeII. Mo, 1981.
9 0030p II KPIITI1KY ClI!.: Caffiponoe B. A. IIpoo.!IeMa IIH]:\oeBpOHeIICRoii IIpapoglIHbI. Op]:\-
mOHIIRHg3e, 1983.
10 CMo, Harrp.: lj epennuu JI. B. MCTOplI'leCRl1e YCJIOBRH g)OplllHpoBaHRH PyccKoii: Hapo!!:-
HOCTR ):\0 ROHl\a XV B. II BOHpOCbI g)Op I1IpOBaHRH PYCCROH HapO]:\HOCTH II Hal\l1l1.
M.; JIo, 19580
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pOCbI 3THII'IeCKOrO II COl\HaJIbHO-3ROHOMJI'IeCKOrO pa3BIITI1H) 0 M., 1971.
1" MHOrO'IJICJIeHHbIe rrplI IepbI CM.: JIuxa'tee 1/,. C. TeRCTOJIOrRH. Ha lIIaTeplIaJIe PYC-
CRoii JIRTepaTypbI X XVII BeKOB. JIo, 1983.
13 FoplOnoea E. no K Borrpocy 0 rr.!Iel\IeHHOii IIpIIHa.n:JIemHOCTR JIeTOrrRCHoii MepH II KpaT.
COOOlI{o MH-Ta 3THorpag)nR AH CCCP. 1953. BbIll. 17.
14 rO.'lb.MCTen Bo B. EYPTaCbI II KpaT. co061I{0 MH-Ta IICTOpRR MaTepHaJIbHOii KYJIbTypbI.
1946. BbIrr. 13; A.wxoea A. n. K BOHPOCY 0 6YPTacax II COBo 3THorpag)IIH. 19490 .N£ 1.
10 ApTaMonoe 1110 n. MCTOpllH xa3apo JIo, 1962; On 3/Ceo OTRpbITRe Xa3aplIH: (MCTOpR-
Ko-reorpag)II'IeCRJIii 3TIO]:\) 0 Mo, 19660
16 A.aeKceee B. fl., EpO.M.'leu /00 B. K II3YlleHRIO pOJIII HepeCeJIeHHH HapogoB B g)OpMIl-
pOBamHI HOBbIX 3THIIlleCRRX OOII{HOCTeII II COB. 3THorpag)HH. 1968. M 20
l' 0030p CM.: llbRKonoe no Mo J:I3blRlI }.J;peBHeii IIepe]:\HeII AaRII. M., 1967.
18 CBO]:\KR gaHHblx R 61I6JIROrpag)RIO CM.: Funihtli JIo A. H3bIR gpeBHeiilliero HaCeJIe-
HIIH IOra EaJIRaHCROro HOJIYOCTpOBao <DparMeHT IIHgoeBpoHeiicRoii OHmIaCTRRRo M.,
1967; On 3/Ce. }J;peBHeHlliaH OHOllIaCTHKa BOCTO'IHbIX EaJIRaH: (<DpaRo-XeTTO-JIYBlIii-
CRlIe II g)paRO-lIIaJIOa3RHCRlIe 1I30rJIOCCbI). COg)RH, 1981.
19 1/,3/CaYKRn r. B. ApMHHCRIIH R }.J;peBHlle RH)J;oeBporreiicKRe H3bIKII. EpeBaH, 1970. Ha
apM. H3.
2" KananlfRU F. A. MCTOpRRO-JIRHrBHCTlI'leCKlIe pa60TbI. EpeBaH, 1956.
>.1 Cepe6pelinuKoe B. A. BOJIrO-ORCRaH TOHOHRMHRa Ha TeppHTopliH eBpolIeiicIwH 'Ia-
em CCCP II Borrp. H3bIK03HaHRH. 19550 ;M 6.
:.!.2 CMa, Harrp.: TpeTbRl'i06 II. H. BOCTO'lHOCJIaBHHCKlie TIJIeMeHa. M.; JL, 19-48; 2-e 113;1:.
M., 1953; Ou 3/Ce. MTorli apXeOJIOrH'IeCROrO H3Y'-IeHRH BOCTO'IHOCJIaBHHCKRX rrJIellIeH /
}J;OKJI. IV MemgYHap. C'be3ga CJIaBIICTOB. Mo, 1958; On :!/Ceo IIo CJIegaM gpeBHRx CJIa-
BHHCRRX HJIeMeHo JIo, 1982.
23 Tonopoe B. Ho, Tp y6a'tee O. Ho JIRHrBRCTII'IeCRIIH aHaJIII3 rRgpOHRMOB BepxHero
IIogHerrpoBbH. M., 1962.
a IIo)J;oop g)aRToB CM.: HUKonoe B. A. BBe]:\eHHe B TOIIOHRMHh-Y. M., 1965.
2:i CM., HaHp.: 3.aaTKoecKaR T. 1/,. 0 rrpOIIcxom]:\eHRR HeRoTopbIX 3JIeMeHTOB KYKepcKoro
06pHga Y 60JIrap: (K Borrpocy 0 g)paRlIllcRIIX Tpa]:\IIl\IIHX Y Hapo]:\oB IOro-BOCTo'IHoii
EBpOHbI) II COB. 3THorpag)RHo 1967. JI& 3.
2 CM., HaHpo: Kroeber A. Cultural and natural areas of Northern North America. Ber-
keleyo 1939.
27 0630p Hp06JIeMbI CM.: A.aeKceee Bo fl. CTaHOBJIeHHe 'IeJIOBe'IeCTBa. M., 1984.
l IIOCJIe!!:HIIll BapRaHT RJIaCcllg)HKal\RR CM.: AnfJpuanoe B. B., fj e6oKcapo6 H. Ho Xo-
3HiicTBeHHo-RYJIbTYPHbIe TRrrbI II IIp06JIeMbI IIX RapTorpag)RpoBaHRH II COB. 3THorpa-
g)I1H. 1972. J\i1! 2.
2> CM., Harrp.: M onzauT A. JI. 3a]:\allH II B03MomHOCTR apXeOJIOrlIlleCKOIl RapTorpag)RR.
COBo apXeOJIOrRH. 1962. ;M 1.
3J Pa6unoeu't Mo T. 06 3THlI'leCROM COCTaBe HepBOHa'IaJIbHOrO HaCeJIeHRH MOCRBbI.
COB. 3THorpag)IIH. 1962. .N£ 2.
'" Chochol 10 Anthropologicky rozbor ludskych zarovych pozustatku z luzickych pohi'e-
bist v Usti Jlad Labem - Sti'ekove II a v Zirovicich, okl'o Cheb. II Plesl Eo Luzicki.
kultura v severozapadnich Cechah. Pr., 1961; A.ael£ceeea T. 11. AHTpOHOJIOrlIlleCRlIfi
aHaJlII3 ROCTHblX OCTaTROB H3 MOrRJIbHHROB C TpynocOm1f..eIlIIHlIIR llepHHXOBCKOii RYJTb-
TYPbI II COB. apXeOJIOrHH. 1975. .N£ 1.
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154
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1960 0 Bblli. 80
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/KYPH. M-Ba Hap. HpOCBelI{eHllHo 1899. J\l'2 8.
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",5 1/,e6elf r. flJo AHTpOHOJIOrlI'IeCKlle llccne]:\OBaHllH B KaM'-IaTCROH 06JIaCTll II Tp. IIH-Ta
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164
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B TO me BpeMH B npep;eJIax OP;DOH KYJIbTYPHOH CIICTeMbI TaKOH IIepexop;
BOSMOlRerr II De nopmrmaeT KaKOII-JIII60 cy6'beKTIIBHOCTII. 3aKODOMepDoe yCII-
JIeDIIe IIJIII OCJIa6JIeDIIe B BbIpameDIIII TOH IIJIII IIUOH KYJIbTypHOH oc06eD-
HOCTII MomeT 6bITb IICnOJIbSOBaDO KaK yKasaDIIe Ha xapaKTep II HanpaBJIe-
DIIe paCCeJIeDIIH, IIpepbIBIICTbIH apeaJI C peSKIIMII rpaHIIn;aMII Memp;y OTp;eJIb-
HbIMII napIIaUTaMII KYJIbTypDbIX 8JIeMeDTOB - KaK aprYMeHT B nOJIbSY
p;eHCTBIIH QelITp06emDbIX TeDp;eIIIJ;IIH II IISOJIHIJ;IIII, OOJIbIIIIIe JIOKaJIbDble Ba-
pIIaHTbI BUYTPII 60JIee 06IIIIIpDOH SOUbI - KaR p;eMODCTpaQIIH 06paSOBaDIIH
JIORaJIbDbIX 3Tuorpa<pII'IeCKIIX rpynn nDYTpII ogDoro Dapop;a. Ho IJ;eJIOCTDaH
KYJIbTypDaH CIICTeMa OCTaeTCH He06xo;lJ;IIMbIM q,ODOM II OCHOBOH BCHKOH p;IIa-
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cpaBDeDIIH K gIIaxpODDOMY. OTJJ;eJIbDble CJIy'IaII paDDIIX 3THoreDeSOB (KIITaH-
IJ;bI, HeKOTOpbIe Dapop;bI KaBKasa, A<praHIIcTaDa, IOmDoH IIDP;IIII II p;p.)
He MeDHIOT JJ;eJIa IIO cyIIJ;eCTBY. ECJIII MbI BbIXOP;IIM sa 3TlI XpODOJIOrH'IeCKIIe
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II T. p;.
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06IIJ;lIH xapaKTep II Tpe6yeT p;aJIbHeHIIIeH paspa60TKII gJIH Toro, 'IT06bI 6bITb
IIplIJIOmeUHbIM K lICCJIep;OBaUIIIO KOHKpeTUbIX BonpOCOB, saTpOHYTbIX B pa60-
Te, T. e. K nOJIY'IeUIIIO 06'beKTIIBUbIX BbIBOP;OB 0 p;IIuaMlIKe 8Tuorp a <p lI 'IeCKlIX
HBJIeUHH, lICXOp:H lIS Ua6JIIOJJ;eHlIH Hap; IIX CTaTlIKOH, Hap; IIX CTPyKTypHbIMII
OTHOIIIeHIIHMII II reorpa<pII'IeCKIIM pacnpep;eJIeHIIeM B HaCTOHIIJ;ee BpeMH.
B 'IaCTHOCTII, SaCJIYlIHIBaeT BHIIMaUIIH paCCMOTpeHIIe cBoe06paSIIH I1SJIOmeH-
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npep;JIOmeUUbIM Q;). 8rraHoM 60. Momuo OTMeTIITb, 'ITO IIgeH CIICTeMUOCTII B
CBHSII C ypOBueM HaYKII ero BpeMeUII 6bIJIa 'Iymp;a MbIIIIJIeUIIIO Q;). 8rraua,
paCCMaTpIIBaBIIIero np06JIeMY rpaUlIIJ; nplIMeueHIIH cpaBHIITeJIbIIorO :\IeTOp;a
B KaTeropIIHX CTap;I1aJIblIOrO nop;xoga II nop;pasyMeBaBIIIero nop; 3TlIM cpaB-
HeHlIe B npep;eJIax 06IIJ;eCTB, uaXOp;HIIJ;lIXCH Ha op;IIHaKOBOM KYJIbTYpUO-
XOSHHCTBeUUOM ypOBue paSBlITIIH.
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CTII rrOKa MaJIO IT O'ieUb MHorIIe aCIIeKTbI OCTaIOTCH ueHCHbIMII. CKJIOUeU,
op;uaKO, P;YMaTb, 'ITO 8THlI'IeCKOe B c<pepe caMocosuaHIIH II Bo06IIJ;e B P:yXOB-
HOH mlISUII JII060ro Hapop;a TaKme HOCIIT CIICTeMUbIH xapaKTep, KaK II gpy-
rHe HBJIeUIIH KYJIbTYPbI Hapoga IIJIII 3TUII'IeCKOH KYJIbTypbI 6 \ II ua Hero
MomeT 6bITb pacnpOCTpaHeuo Bce CKasaUHoe BbIIIIe. TaKIIM 06pasoM, MomHO
IIpegnOJIaraTb 'ITO, H <pOJIbKJIOp, KOJIb CKOpO B ueM npOHBJIHIOTCH 3THIIQeCKaH
cneIJ;II<plIKa II 3THII'IeCKIIe Tpap;IIQIIII 62, BXOP;IIT B CIICTeMY 3Tuoca.
Op;HaKO IIp06JIeMa CJIOmHee, 'IeM oua KameTCH Ha nepBbIH BSrJIHp;.
CIICTeMUbIH xapaRTep <pOJIbKJIOpa KaK 06IIJ;eCTBeUHoro HBJIeUIIH p;OKaSbIBaeTCH
MuorIIMII TeOpeTII'IeCKIIMII II <paKTII'IeCRlIMII paspa60TKaMII 63, HO CIICTeMa
<pOJIbKJIOpa He BXOP;IIT B CIICTeMY 3THoca B Ka'IeCTBe COnOp;'IIIIIeIIUOro CTPyK-
TypHoro KOMnOHeHTa. CKopee CJIep;yeT rOBoplITb 0 nepeCe'IeHIIII HesaBlICIIMbIX
CIICTeM B KaKOH-TO nOrpaHII'IUOH 06JIaCTII, KOTopaH OXBaTbIBaeT MeCTO <p OJIbK -
JIopa B KYJIbType uapop;a II C<pepy 8TUII'IeCKIIX HBJIeUIIH B <pOJIbKJIOpeo II03To-
MY TPYP;UO paSp;eJIIITb BSrJIHp; Ha <pOJIbKJIOpIICTIIKY KaK ua OTBeTBJIeUIIe 3THO-
rpa<pIIII, C TeMII IIJIII IIUbIMII orOBopKaMII p;OCTaTO'IUO IIIlIpOKO npep:CTaBJIeHHbIH
B COBpeMeUUOH JIIITepaType. CIIpaBep;JIIIBO OTMe'IaJIOCb, 'ITO KYJIbTypuo-6bITO-
BaH TpaKTOBKa paSJIII'IUbIX q,OJIbKJIOpUbIX maIIpOB eIIJ;e ue IIOSBO:IHeT no.:I-
HOCTbID BKJIIO'IaTb <pOJIbKJIOp B cq,epy 3Tuorpa<pIIII 6 . Bonpoc 0 cneQII<pIIKe
II caMOCTOHTeJIbHOCTII <pOJIbKJIOpa KaR 06IIJ;eCTBeUuoro HBJIeUIIH HapHp:y C
Hs06paSIITeJIbUbIM TBOp'IeCTBOM, xyp;omecTBeHUOH JIIITepaTYPOH IT T. ):(. 6bIJI
paCCMOTpeu B. E. ryceBbIM, IIpII'IeM ero p;OKaSaTeJIbCTBa onIIpaIOTCH B nep-
BYIO O'iepep;b Ha auaJIIIS 3CTeTII'IeCKOrO ua'IaJIa B <pOJIbKJIOpe 65. <DOJIbKJIOp,
KaK II HSbIK, II MaTepIIaJIbHaH KYJIbTypa, IISY'IaeTCH caMOCTOHTeJIbUbIMII
HaYKaMII. IIepeCe'IeUIIH He JIIIIIIaIDT 3TII p;HCIJ;IInJIIIUbI IIX CneIJ;II<pIIKII-
f67
IT03TOMY JI He peIIIaIOCb IIOKa B CBEne CKaSaHHOI'O 3KCTpanOJIHpOBaTb
paSBIITble RblIIIe co06pameDIIH 06 OrpaDII'IeHDOCTII p;IIaxpOUDoro cpaBHeDIIH
Ha BpeMeDH:bIe pHP;bI <pOJIbKJIOPUbIX <paKToB. <DOJIbKJIOp npep;CTaBJIHeT C060H,
IIO HaIIIeMY MDeHIIIO, oC06yIO CIICTeMY orpoMHoro 06'beMa, Ha'IaBmyID <PYHK-
IJ;IIODIIpoBaTb Ha sape IICTOpIIII, TaR KaK B HeM MorYT 6bITb BCRpbITbI nJIaCTbI
rJIy60KoH p;peBHOCTII, 'ITO II 6bIJIO HeOAHOKpaTDO npogeMoDcTpIIpOBaHO KOH-
KpeTDbIMII IICCJIep;OBaDIIHMII.
8TIIM 06YCJIOBJIeUa He06xop;HMOCTb, Y'IIITbIBaH cBoe06pasIIe q,OJIbKJIOpa,
BbIpa60TaTb cneQII<pH'IeCKYID MeTop;HKY ero IISY'IeDIIH. Op;DaKO 3<p<peKTIIB-
HOCTb p;IIaxpOHDoro nop;xop;a K <pOJIbKJIOpy, TaK me KaK II K 3TDoreorpa<pHII,
TeM He MeDee 6YAeT saBIIceTb OT Toro, HaCKOJIbKO IICCJIep;OBaDlIe OrpaHII'IIITCH
raMRaMII CIICTeMHbIX CTPYKTYP (Dapop; IIJIII rpYIIIIa HapOJJ;OB, CBHsaHIIbIX
K TOMy me IICTOplI'IeCKIIM IIpOIIIJIbIM) . BbIXOP; sa 3TII paMKH IIpIIBegeT
K cy6'beKTIIBlIsMY.
CM., Hanp.: Keopoe B. M. IIpe]:\MeT II B3allMOCBH3b eCTeCTBeHHbIX HayK. M., 1962;
Ou 3/Ce. IIpllHIJ;llll llCTopll3Ma II ero IIpllJIOmeHlle K CllCTeMHOMY aHaJIll3Y pa3BllTIIH
HaYKII II CllcTeMHble llCCJIe]:\OBaHllH: Emero;rJ:HllK, 1974. M., 1974. CneIlIIaJIbHO 0
IIp06JIeJ\Ie TIIITOJIOrlllleCKOrO B 3THorpag)llII CM.: IIpoGJIeMbI TllIIOJIOrHII B 3THorpa-
g)llll. M., 1979.
2 De Saussure F. Cours de linguistique generale. P., 1922. IIepBbIH PYCCKllH nepeBo]:\:
/.{e COCC/Op (jj. Kypc oGlI{eH JIllHrBllCTllRll. M., 19330 COBpeMeHHoe ll3]:\aHlle C 06-
CTOHTeJIbHbIJIIll KOMMeHTapllHMll: /.{e COCC/Op (jj. TpY]:\bI no H3bIR03HaHllIO. M., 1977.
3 JHUPMYHCKUU B. M. 0 CHHXpOHllll II ]:\llaxpOHllll B H3bIR03HaHllll II Bonp. H3bIK03Ha-
HllH. 1958. J\f£ 5; Kocepuy 3. CllHXPOHllH, ]:\IIaxpoHllH II llCTOpllH II HOBoe B JIIIHrBll-
CTllRe. M., 19630 BbIlI. 3; Ky6pRKoea E. C. 0 nOHHTllHX CllHXpOHllll II ]:\HaxpOHllll II
Bonp. H3bIK03HaHllH. 1963. ;N!! 3; 061I{ee H3bIR03HaHlle: MeTo]:\bI JIllHrBHCTlllleCKIIX
llCCJIe]:\oBaHllll. M., 1973.
4 EOJIee lIogp06HO 06 3TOM CM.: JIRnynoe A. Ao B 'IeM COCTOllT CllCTeMHbIH 1l0p:XOg
K ll3Y'IeHllIO peaJIbHbIX 06'beRTOB CJIOmHOH IIpllpOp:bI? II CHcTeMHble llCCJIenOBaHllH:
Emerop:HllR, 1971. M., 1972; Caooecnuu B. H. HeKoTopbIe IIpllHl\llllllaJIbHble IIp06-
JIeJllbI 1l0CTpoeHllH oGlI{eH Teopllll CllCTeMbI II TaM me; B.aay6epe lJ. B., IOfJuu 3. F.
CTaHOBJIeHHe II CYII{HOCTb CllCTeMHoro llo]:\xo]:\a. M., 1973; IOfJun 3. F. MeTo]:\OJIO-
rlIlleCKaH IIplIpo]:\a CllCTeMHoro no]:\xo]:\a II ClI'CTe1lHble llCCJIe]:\oBaHllH: EmerogHllK,
19730 M., 1973; B.aay6epe lJ. B. IJ;eJIOCTHOCTb II CllCTeJ\IHOCTb II CllcTeMHble llCCJIe]:\o-
BaHllH: Emero]:\HllK, 1977. M., 1977; CafJoecKuu B. H. ClIcTeMHbIH IIO]:\XO]:\ II oGlI{aH
TeopllH CllCTeM: CTaTYC, OCHOBHble npoGJIeMbI II nepcneKTllBbI pa3BllTllH II CllcTeM-
Hble llCCJIep:OBaHIIH: Emero)J;HllK, 19790 Mo, 19800
5 MapKapRu 3. C. O'lepRii llCTOpllll RYJIbTypbI. EpeBaH, 1969; Ou 3/Ce. 0 reHe3llce TIe-
JIOBeTIeCKOil p:eHTeJIbHOCTIJ II KYJIbTypbI. EpeBaH, 1973.
6 FYMu.aee J1. Ho Cym.HOCTb 3THHlleCKOii l\eJIOCTHOCTll II BeCTH. JIfY. 1971. ;N!! 24.
7 BpoM.aeu 10. B. OTHOC II 3THorpag)llH. Mo, 1973.
8 ApYTlOuoe C. Ao, g e6oKcapoe H. H. OrHlIlleCKlle IIpOn;eCCbI II llHg)opMan;llH II IIpnpo-
]:\a. 1972. ;N!! 7; OHU ;nee. IIepe]laTIa llH<popMal\llll KaK MexaHll3M cym.ecTBoBaHllH 3T-
HOCOl\HaJIbHbIX II 6ll0JIOrll'IeCRlIX rpYli1i 'IeJIOBe'IeCTBa II PacbI II Hapop:bI. M., 1972.
T. 2. IIomaJIyii, HeJIb3H He ynoMHHYTb 3]:\eCb II 06 ll ee CllCTeMHOCTll peJIllrlIll. CM.:
Bacu. bee JI. Co KYJIbTYPHo-peJIllrIJ03HbIe Tpap:lll\llll CTpaH BocToRao M., 1976.
9 C L, Hallp.: JIuxa'leea B. /.{., JIuxa'tee /.{. C. Xy]:\omeCTBeHHoe HaCJIe]:\lle ,[(peBHeil
PYCll II COBpeMeHHOCTb. JI., 1971; JIuxa'lee /.{. Co Pa3BllTlle PYCCKOH JIllTepaTypbI x-
XVII BeROB: OIlOXll II CTllJIllo JIo, 1973.
10 Cp.: MOHeaUT A. ApXeOJIOrllH 3alla]:\HOH EBpOllbI: KaJ\IeHHbIH BeK. M., 1973; TllllbI
CeJIbCKOrO mllJIlIII{a B CTpaHax 3apy6emHoH EBpOlibI. M., 19680
11 CM. 06 3TOM: OK.aafJuuKoe A. II. HeOJIIIT II GpOH30BbIII BeK IIpllGaHKaJIbH. q. 1, 2 II
MaTepHaJIbI II llCCJIep:OBaHllH 110 apXeOJIOrllll CCCP. Mo; .fL, 1950. T. 18.
12 IIpllMeHllTeJIbHO K 3a]:\a'IaM :JTHorpag)HlleCKOrO llCCJIe]:\oBaHllfl pa3HbIe aClleKTbI llC-
nOJIb30BaHllH cpaBHllTeJIbHO-llCTOplIlleCKOrO MeTop:a oGcToHTeJIbHO paCCMOTpeHbI:
Hundson Ch. The historical approach in anthropology II Handbook of social and cul-
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13 KpOMe C60pHllKa 0 3ana]:\HoeBponeHCKOM II n;eHTpaJIbHOeBpOllerrCKOM mllJIlIII{e, YKa-
3aHHoro B IIpllMeTI. 10, CM.: Xapyauu A. H. CJIaBHHCRoe mllJIlIII{e B CeBepo-3alla]:\-
168
HOM RpaC. BllJIbHa, 1907; JIe6eoeea Ho If. llilIJIlIlI{e II X03HHcTBeHHble nOCTpOllRii
EeJIOPyccROII CCP. Mo, 1929; B.fwMKeucT E. 8. KpecTbHHcKlle 1l0CTpOHRII PYCCKlU,
yKpalIHl\eB II 6eJIO£ycoB II BOCTO'IHOa3llaTcRIIH 3THorpa<pI1'IeCRlIH C60PHllK. Mo, 1956.
(Tpo I1H-Ta 3THorparpmI AH CCCP. Ho C.; To 31).
!4 0 COOTHOllieHllll TpaglIl\lIOHIIbIX 3JIe 1eHTOB II agallTllBHbIX HOBo06pa30BaHllH B RO-
CTIOMe CM.: IIpbLTKoea H. (jj. OgeJR]:\a HapogoB caMogllilcRoH rpYlIlIbI RaK llCTOplI-
TIecKHiI llCTO'IHlIK II0gemga HapogoB C1I6llpn. JI., 1970; Bacu.I!eeu't F. M. IIpoll3-
Bo]:\cTBeHHbIH KOCTIOM 3BeHKOB HlImHeII II IIogRa leHHoii TYHrycoK RaK llCTOplIlle-
CKlIii llCTOTIHIIR II TaM meo 06 OT)J;eJIbHbIX nplIHagJIeamOCTHX ogemgbI, coxpaHHIO-
1I{1IXCH 6e3 3Ha'IIITeJIbHbIX ll3MeHeHlIH Ha IIpOTHmeHlllI orpOMHbIX lIeplIo)J;oB Bpe11e-
HlI, eM.: If eanoe Co Bo CTaplIHHble Tpy6'IaTble IIrOJIbHllRii HapOT(OB ClIOlIplI II TaM me.
!5 PYCCRlIe: MCTOPIIKO-3THorpag)lllleCKllH aTJIaCo 3eMJIep;eJIlle. KpeCTbHHCRaH o]:\em-
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I1CTOpllRD-3THorpag)1I'IeCKllll aTJIac. 113 llCTOplllI pYCCRoro Hapo.n:HDrO mllJIlIlI{a II
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17 I1cTopllRo-3THorpag)II'IecKllH aTJIaC Cll6llpn. M.; JI., 1961.
18 B Ra'IeCTBe npllMepa CM.: PaTlfe.l!b (jj. Hapop;OBep;eHlle. CII6., 1902. T. 2.
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21 B ]:\onOJIHeHlle R YKa3aHHOMY TPYP;y 11>. PaTI eJIH CM.: mYPlf F. I1CTOplIH llepBO-
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2.\ MoneauT Ao JIo 3ap;a'Ill II B03MomHOCTll apXeOJIOrlIlleCROH RapTorpag)llll II COB. ap-
XeOJIOrllH. 1962. M 1.
25 Bo.eopa3-Tan B. Fo PacrrpocTpaHeHlle RYJIbTypbI Ha 3eMJIe: OCHOBbI 3THOr;:p a <p IIll .
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2d 06 ST01-I CM.: BpY"K C. If., H03J'LOe B. If., JIeeuH M. r. 0 npe)J;MeTe II 3a)J;aQaX STHO-
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gOBaHHiI 110 3THIIlleCROll reorpa<pllII II feorpa<pllH HaCeJIeHlIH B CCCP: (OcHoBHbm
np06JIeMbI). M., 19640 06 3THoRapTorpag)llll CMo: BpYK C. If., K03.1!oe B. If. OCIIOB-
Hble IIp06JIeMbI 3THII'IeCROii RapTorpa<plllI II COB. 3THorpag)llH. 1961. J\f2 5. B OTHO-
llieHllll nOKa3a pa3Ho06pa3IIH 'CITHlllIeCKIIX RapT II 1l0JIOmeHHbIX B OCHOBY llX BbI-
nOJIHeHIIH MeTogll'IeClmX II rpag)ll'leCKllX IIplleMOB YHllKaJIbHO ll3]:\aHlle: ATJIaC Ha-
pOAOB MlIpa. M., 1964.
<7 IIp06JIeMbI 3THII'IeCKOH reorpag)llll II RapTorpag)IIlI. M., 1978.
28 KymHep IIo If. OTHlllleCKlIe TeppllTopIIll II 3THII'IeCRIIe rpamIl:\bI II Tp. I1H-Ta 3THO-.
rpag)IIll AH CCCP. H. C. M., 1951. T. 15. CTaTbli 0 xapaKTepe JIllHrBllCTlllleCKlIX II
3THorpag)ll'leCKIIX rpaHIII CM.: IIp06JIeMbI KapTorpag)lIpOBaHlIH B H3bIK03HaHllII .I'f
3THorpag)llll. JI., 1974; ApeaJIbHbIe llCCJIe]:\oBaHllH B H3bIK03HaHllll II 3THorp a <p lIll .
JI., 19770
2q Wissler C. The American Indian. N. Y., 1917; Idem. Man and culture. N. Yo, 1923;.
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J JIeeun Mo F., g e6oKcapoe H. H. X03HHcTBeHHo-RYJIbTYPHble TlIllbI II IICTOpllKO-3THO-
rpag)ll'ICCKIIe 06JIaCTII II COB. 3THorpag)llH. 1955. M 4; AHfJpuaHoe B. B., g e60Kca-
poe Ho H. I1CTOpIIKo-3THorpa<pll'IeCKlIe 06JIaCTll: (IIp06JIeMbI llCTOpIIRo-3THorpag)ll-
lleCROrO paHoHHpoBaHllH) II TaM me. 1975. M 3; Onu 3/Ce. OlibIT llCTOpIIKo-:JTHorpa-
g)lIlleCKOrO paiiomlpoBaHIIH HeKOTopbIX perlIOHOB Ag)pllKll II 3apy6emHoH A3llII II
TaM me. M 4. 0 Heollpe]:\eJIeHHOCTll 1l0HHTllH 061I{HOCTll IICTOplIlleCKOH mll3Hll CM.:
A.aeKceee B. II. MCTOplIlleCRaH aHTpOllOJIOrllH. M., 1979.
169
I
t
I
.
t
r
3! IIepBYIO OTTIeTJII1BYIO g)OPMYJIHpOBKy CM.: ToltcToe C. II. 01lepKII nepBOHaTIaJIbHOrO
IICJImla II COB. 3THorpag)IIH. 1932. M 2. IIpllMep JIOKaJIbHorO paHoHllpoBaHllH CM.:
JIUUb Ho-xya, TJ e6oKcapoe H. H. X03HHcTBeHHo-KYJIbTypHbIe TlIllbI KllTaH IloTHo-
rpaqJII'IeCKHH C60pHllK, 110 Mo, 1961. (Tp. I1H-Ta 3THorpag)llII AH CCCP. Ho C.;
T. 23) 0 IIaHoiiKYMeHHoe pailOHllpoBaHlle CM.: TJ e6oKcapoe H. Ho, TJ e6oncapoea JIo A.
Hapo.n: bI , pacbI, RYJIbTypbI. Mo, 1971; AnfJpuanoe Bo Bo, TJe6oKcapoe Ho H. X03HllCT-
BeHHD-KYJIbTypHbIe THIIbI H IIp06JIeMbI I1X RapTorpag)llpoBaHIIH II COB. 3THorpag)IIH.
1972. M 2.
32 Boeopaa-Tau B. Fo PacnpOCTpaHeHlle RYJIbTYPbI Ha 3eMJIe.
33 Bepe JI. C. JIaH]:\lliag)THo-reorpag)lIlleCKIIe 30HbI CCCP. M.; JIo, 1931. q. 1.
3 06 aHTpolioreou;eH03ax CM.: AlteKCeee B. II. AHTpOnOreOl\eH03bI - CYII{HOCTb, THIlO-
JIOrllH, ]:\llHaJ\1llKa II IIpllpo]:\a, 1975. M 7; IOfJuu 8. F. CllcTeMHbIe IIp;elI B 3THorpa-
g)llll I I TaM me.
35 B I\eJIOM 0 np06JIeMe CM.: Man in adaptation. Chicago, 1968. Vol. I, II.
36 MemP;Y TeM 06JIaCTb <<HeMOTbD) apXeOJIOrlI'IeCKHX MaTepllaJIOB p;OCTaTO'IHO 06IImpHa,
II 0 Hell 1l0CTOHHHO CJIep;yeT 1l0MHIITb. 06 3TOM CM.: MoneaiiT A. JIo ApXeOJIOrlI-
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Apew,llu F. KYJIbTYPHO-llCTOplIlleCRlIII 1l0gXOp; K H3Y'IeHHIO 3THll'-IeCKliX 061I{HOCTeH
B apXeOJIorHH /1 MeTo]:\OJIOrlIlleCKlle IIp06JIeMbI lICCJIep;OBaHliH 3THHlleCRHX EYJIbTYp.
EpeBaH, 1978; Klteuu JI. C. ApXeOJIOrliH II 3THoreHe3: (HOBbIH 1l0]:\X0p;) II TaM me;
ApYTIOHoe Co A., Xaaanoe Ao M. IIpooJIeMa apXeOJIOrlI'IeCKIIX KplITcplieB 3THH'IeCKOH
Cllel\llg)llRlI II VIII KpyrrHoBcKlle 'lTeHllH: Te3. ]:\OKJI. HaJIb'IllR, 1978; Ouu 3/Ce. Ap-
XeOJIOrlI'IeCKlle KYJIbTYPbI II X03HHcTBeHHo-RYJIbTypHbIe TlIllbI: IIp06JIeMa COOTHOllie-
HllH II IIpOOJIeMbI TllIIOJIDrllll B 3THorpag)lIll. M., 1979; Onu 3/Ce o IIp06JIe1\ia apxeOJIO-
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1908; On 3/Ce. IIepB06bITHaH KYJIbTypao M., 19390 OOII{YIO xapaKTepHCTlmy paGoT
:JBOJIIOl\lIOHHOH llIROJIbI CM.: TOKapee Co Ao IIcTopHH 3apyoemHoH 3THorpag)HlIo
38 CMo, Hallpo, RJIaCCII'IeCRlIe paOOTbI: BoponUH Ho Ho 30p;'IeCTBO CeBepo-BoCTO'IHOH
PyClI: B 2 T. M., 1961-1962; Kapeep M. K. ,[(peBHlIH RHeB. M.; JI., 1961. T. 2;
On 3/Ce. HOBropog BeJIIIKHH: ApxllTeRTypHbIe naMHTHIIRII. M.; JI., 1966.
39 CM. yRa3aHHYIO BblIlle pa60TY E. 8. EJIOMKBllCT.
'" Boponun H. H. 7RllJIlIlI{e 11I1cTopllH KYJIbTypbI ,[(peBHeH PYCll: ,[(6MOHTOJIbCKIIII ne-
plIOp;. M.; JI., 1951. T. 1: MaTepllaJIbHaH KYJIbTypa; Pa6unoeu'l Mo r. 7RIIJIlIlI{a II
01lepRii PYCCKOH KyJIbTYPbI XIII-XV BeKOB. M., 1970. q. 1: MaTepllaJIbHaH KYJIb-
Typa; FpoMoe F. Fo 7RHJIllII{e II O'iepKll PYCCKOH RYJIbTYPbI XVI Bo Mo, 19770 L{. 1.
H KYrP TUU B. A. MaTepllaJIbHaH KYJIbTypa PYCCKOH MelI{epbI. M., 19260 110 1; Maclto-
ea T. Co HapogHaH op;emp;a PYCCRHX, YKpallHl\eB II oeJIOPycoB B XIX - HallaJIe
XX Bo II BOCTO'IHOCJIaBHHCRlIH 3THorpa<pII'IeCKlIII C60PHliKo Mo, 19560 (Tpo I1H-Ta :1T-
Horpag)lIH AH CCCPo H. Co; T. 31). Cp.: AplfuxoecKuii Ao B. Ogelliga 11I1cTopllH
RYJIbTypbI ,[(peBHei!:- PYClI: ,[(oMoHrOJIbCRlIH llepllop;. T. 1; Ou 3/Ce. Op;emp;a II 01lepKII
PyccKoll RYJIbTYPbI XIII-XV BeROB. 11. 1; FpoMoe 1'0 1'. PyccRaH o]:\emp;a II O'iepRII
PyccKoii RYJIbTypbI XVI B. qo 1.
42 KplOKoe M. B. CllCTeMa pogcTBa RllTaHl\eB: (8BOJIIOl\llH II 3aKOH01\1epHOCT11). M.,
1972; OH 3/Ce. oTHorpag)ll'IeCKHe <paKTbI KaR llCTO'IHIIR ll3Y'IeHIIH nepB06bITHOCTll:
IIpOOJIeMa RpliTeplleB cTagllaJIbHoll rJIy6lIHbI II 8THorpa<plIH KaK llCTO'IHlIK peRoH-
CTPYKl\llII llCTOpllll rrepBOObITHDrO 06II{eCTBa. M., 1979.
's (jjaiin6epe JI. A. 061I{eCTBeHHbIn CTpOII 3CRlIMOCOB II aJIeYToB: OT MaTepllHcRoro
po]:\a R coce]:\cRoH 061I{lIHe. M., 1964.
M 0 COOTHOllieHHH Tpap;IIl\lIll II HHHOBal\llH RaK B u;eJIOJ\1, TaR II Ha KOHKpeTHbIX IIpll-
Mepax ]:\llHaMllKII OT)IeJIbHbIX RYJIbTYP CM.: ApYTlOuoe Co A. COBpeMeHHbIH 6bIT
HIIOHl\eB. M., 1968; On 3/Ce. MexaHll3MbI YCBoeHllH HOBoBBep;eHllH B 3THllTIeCKOH KYJIb-
Type II MeTO]:\OJIorH'IeCRlIe IIp06JIeMbI llCCJIep;OBaHllH <JTHI1'IeCRlIX KyJIbTYpo EpeBaH,
1978.
';5 g .!leH08 M. A. R xapaKTepnCTIIKe COu;naJlbHOif opraHlI3aIJ;1I1I a311aTCKHX 9CKIIMOCOB II
IX Mem]:\ynap. ROHrp. aHTpOnOJI. II 3THorp. HayR: ,[(OKJI. COB. geJIeraU;llll. M., 1973.
'6 AlteKCeee B. II., Altenceeea T. If. I1cTOpll'-IeCRlIe aClleKTbI aHTpOnOJI<JrlllleCKOH P;ll-
HaMlIRll II p;ll<pg)epeHl\llal\llii HaCeJIeHllH EepllHroJ\'lOpbH II IIcToplIH, apXeOJIOrllH II 3T-
Horpag)llH Hapo]:\oB ,[(aJIbHerO BocToKa. BJIa]:\llBocTOR, 1973. BbIn. 1; AlteKCeee B. II.,
Baltyeea T. C. MaTeplIaJIbI 110 KpaHlWJIorlIll HaYKaHcRlIx 3CKlI1\IOCOB: (K p;lIg)g)epeH-
l\llal\llii apKTlIlleCKOH pacbI) II COB, 3THorpag)llH. 1976. N2 1; Alexeev V. The genetic
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i7 CM. Hallp.: Huntington E. Civilisation and climateo New Haven, 1926; Man's role
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170
8 qacTHbIII IIpliMep TaKoro CJiUifiliurU II l'vIHOrocrylleH'laTorO BJIllHHllH CM.: KpynnuK If. Ifo
CTaHOBJIeHlle KpyrrHoTa6YHHoro OJIeHeBO]:\CTBa Y TynP;pOBbIX HeHl\eB II COB. 3THorpa-
g)llH. 1976. M 6.
. 9 Cl'vl., Hallp.: YCKoe A. If. Arp06ll0l\eH03 KaK 06'beRT IICCJIe]:\OBaHIiH II YlipaBJIeHllHII
EllOJIOrlIlleCRlle CIiCTeMbI B 3eMJIep;eJIllll II JIeCoBogcTBe. Mo, 1974.
5" IIepBoe yrroMllHaHlle 0 HeH CMo: To.acToe Co II. COBeTCRafl lliKOJIa B 3THorpa<pllll II COB.
3THorpag)llH. 19470 M 4. 0 cop;epmaHllll 3THorpag)IIH B l\eJIOM II 6ll6JIliorpa<pIIIO CM.:
BpO.MMU 10. B. 8THOC II 3THorpag)IIH; Handbook of social and cultural anthropology.
51 00 3Tmi CM., Hallpo: KopoJlee Co If. BonpocbI 3THOnCI1XOJIOrlill B paGoTax 3apy6emHbIx
aBTopOB: (Ha MaTeplIRJIaX CTpaH A3llll). Mo, 19700
52 B E\alleCTBe npliMepOB lO,RHO YKa3aTb Ha 00lI{errpll3HaHIIoe 3Ha'ieHlIe TeIIJIOrO ra-
TepllaJIa B 3llMHeH op;emp;e HapO OB Cll6llpli II CeBepa, KOHCTPYKTllBHO crrel\llg)lIlle-
CRllH Tllll mllJIlIII{a BO lHorllX ropHbIX paHOHax II T. ]:\.
53 OTgeJIbHbIe rrpllMepbI CM.: I1H]:\elll\bI AMepllKII II Tp. MH-Ta 3THorpag)llll AH CCCP.
H. C. M., 1955. T. 25.
M Bce CBfl3aHHbIe C ;)TII J TpygHOCTH )J;el'vlOHCTplIpyeT pa60Ta: TJ epenHun JI. Bo HCTOpH-
TIeCRlIe YCJIOBllH g)OpMlIpoBaHllH PYCCKOH Hapop;HOCTll p;o KOHl\a XV B. II BOllpOCbI g)op-
MlIpOBaHllH PYCCKOll HapogHocTll II HallI1lI. M.; JI., 1958.
55 Fopooljoe Bo Ao i'J,aRocapMaTcRlle peJIllrll03HbIe 3JIeMeHTbI B PYCCKOM Hapop;HOM TBOp-
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56 CMo, Hallp.: /l,unljec JI. Ao ]:(peBHlIe TIepTbI B PYCCKOM HapO]:\HOM llCKYCCTBe II MCTOPllH
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57 Pa6unoeu'i Mo F. lliIIJIIlll\a; ApljuxoecKuu A. B. Op;em]:\a (1970); FpoMoe F. F. llill-
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58 Boponun H. H. llilIJIlIlI{e; ApljUXOeCKuu A. Bo Op;em]:\a (1951).
S9 KpoMe YKa3aHHoH CTaTbll l£. B. qepellHIIHa, CM.: /l,anu.aoea 9. B. MCTOplllleCRlIe YCJIO-
BllH pa3BlITllH PYCCKOIl HapO]:\HOCTII B llepiiog 06pa30BaHllH II YKpellJIeHllH l\eHTpaJIll-
30BaHHoro rocygapcTBa B POCCIIII II BonpocbI g)OpMllpoBaHllH PYCCROH HapO]:\HOCTll II
Hal\llll. Mo; l£., 1958.
60 Eggan F. Social anthropology and the method of controlled comparisons II Amer.
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61 IIpll BceH HellpllBbI'IHOCTII TepMIIHOJIOrlIlleCKOrO COTIeTaH1{Jl «3THI1'IeCKaH KYJIbTypa,}
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meCTBeHHaH RYJIbTypa,), «P;YXOBHaH KYJIbTypa» II T. ]:\0 CM.: gucToe K. B. BbIpameHlle
3THll'IeCKOH KYJIbTypbI II MeTO]:\OJIOrl1lleCRlIe IIp06JIeMbI llCCJIe]:\OBaHllH 3THlllleCRlIX
RYJIbTYP. EpeBaH, 19780
62 CM. oc06eHHO: /l,o.azaT Yo B. JIllTepaTypa II g)OJIbKJIOp: (TeopeTll'leCKlIe aClleKTbI).
M., 1981.
63 TOKapee C. A. 0 3aga'IaX 3THorpag)lIlleCKOrO ll3y-qeHllH Hapo]:\oB llH ycTPllaJIbHbIX
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61, BpoM.aeu 100 B. OTHOC II 3THorpag)llH.
65 rycee B. E. 8CTeTllKa g)OJIbKJIOpa. M.; JI.. 1967.
8THOrEHETI1QECRI1E I1PE}J;AHI1H,
JIMHrBMCTMQECRME }J;AHHbIE,
AHTP0I10JIOrMQECRMn MATEPMAJI
OBOCHOBAHHEXAPARTEPACOllOCTABJIEHHR
IIp06JIeMbI 8TDoreHesa B nacToHIIJ;ee BpeMH npIIBJIeKaIDT BDIIMaUIIe Bce 60;ree
IIIIIpoKoro Kpyra cneQlIaJIIICTOB II peIIIaIOTcH Da OCDOBe Bce 60JIee pasDo06-
paSDbIX p;aHHbIX, IICIIOJIbsyeMblx B Ka'IeCTBe IICTOplI'IeCKIIX IICTO'IHHKOB.
OD:UaKO B IIogaBJIHIOIIJ;eM OOJIbIIIIIHCTBe CJIY'IaeB 3THoreDeTII'IeCKIIe npOQeCCbI
O'IeIIb CJIOlliHbI II OTJJ;eJIeDbI OT HaCTOHIIJ;erO IIJIOTHOH saBecoH BpeMeHII,
171
pasopBaTb KOTOpyID nopOH De yp;aeTcH p;ame C nOMOIIJ;bIO Bcex 3TIIX p;aD-
HbIX. II03TOMY, C OP;DOH CTOpOHbI, Kpyr npIIBJIeKaeMbIX IICTO'IHIIKOB Bce pac-
IIIJIpfleTCH, a C p;pyroH - )],eJIaIOTCH nOnbITRII TeOpeTII'IeCRII OCMbICmITb
06'beM IID<popMaQIIII, IISBJIeRaeMOii lIS IICTO'IUIIROB paSDbIX BII)],OB, II TaKIIM
06pasoM XOTJI 6bI npII6JIII3IITeJIbHO YCTaHOBIITb CTeneDb IIX HH<popMaTIIB-
HOCTII 1.
B OP;HOH lIS npep;IIIeCTBYIOIIJ;IIX pa60T aBTop cp;eJIaJI IIonbITKY COIIOCTaBIITb
pesYJIbTaTbI apXeOJIOrII'IeCKIIX, 3TDorpa<pII'IeCRIIX, JIIIHrBIICTII'IeCKIIX II aDTpo-
IIOJIOrlI'IeCKIIX IICCJIep;OBaDIIH, a TaKme nORasaHIIH nlICbMeHDbIX IICTO'IDIIROB 2.
PeSYJIbTaTOM 3Toro conOCTaBJIeIIIIH CTaJIa rpa<pII'IeCKaH cxeMa C nOKaSOM
p;lIanaSODa BpeMeHII, Da npOTHmeHIIII KOToporo coxpaHHeT 3<p<peKTIIBDOCTb
IICTOpII'IeCKaH IIH<popMaQIIH, II3BJIeRaeMaH lIS Kamgoro conOCTaBJIeUHOrO C
p;pyrIIMII BIIp;aMII IICTOplIqeCKOrO IICTO'IHIIRa. HaIIOOJIbIIIIIM 8TOT giianasoH
OKaSaJICH y aHTpOnOJIOrII'leCKIIX p;aHHbIX: naJIeOaHTpOnOJIOrIIH yrJIY6JIHeT ero
P;O 3nOXH HIImuero naJIeOJIIITa, Da'IIIDaH C 3nOXII no RpaHDeii Mepe MeSOJIIITa
MbI IIMeeM yme cepIIHDbIe MaTeplIaJIbI, aHTpOnOJIOrII'IeCROe IICCJIep;OBaDlIe CO-
BpeMeDuoro 'IeJIOBeKa nOSBOJIHeT peKODCTpYIIpOBaTb C06bITIIH cpaBHIITeJIbDO
HegaBDero npOIIIJIOrO II p;ame COBceM 6JIII3RIIe R COBpeMeDHOCTII.
Op;DaRO OT TaRoro 06IIJ;ero cpaBDeHIIH peSYJIbTaTOB, nOJIY'IaeMbIX paSDbIMII
OTpaCJIHMII IICTOplI'IeCKOH HaYKII II CMemDbIMII ):(IICQIIIJJIIIDaMII, nopa nepexo-
P;IITb K ropasp;o 60JIee p;eTaJIbHOH II TIIJ;a TeJIbHOH OIJ;eHKe IIX peKODCTpYK-
TIIBDbIX BOSMomHOCTeH, K onpeJJ;eJIeDIIIO ypOBDH TOH XpODO:IOrII'IeCKOH rJIy-
6IIHbI, P;O KOTOpOH ODII nOSBOJIHIOT P;OHTII, K BbIHBJIeHIIIO CTeneHII Hap;em-
DOCTII caMOH peKODCTpYRIJ;IIII.
8THoreHeTII'IeCKIIX naomop;eDIIH yme CeH'IaC DaROnJIeDO gOBOJIbIIO MDoro,
'IaCTII'IHO OHII IIpOTIIBOpe'IIIBbI, 'IaCTII'IHO O)],DOSDa'IHbI, II sa)],a'Ia COCTOIIT ue
TOJIbKO B IIX KOJIII'IeCTBeDDOM YBeJIII'IeDIIII, DO II B IIX 06'beKTIIBIISaIJ;IIII. Ees
TaROH 06'beRTIIBlIsaQIIII npOCToe HaROnJIeHIIe p;aHDbIX He CMomeT nogDHTb Hac
Ha CJIeJJ;YIOIIJ;YIO CTyneIIb B IIX IICTo:rROBaIIIIII. 8TOT pasgeJI nOCBHIIJ;aeTCH
CIIeIJ;IIaJIbHO cpaBDeHIIIO JIIIDrBIICTII'IeCRIIX II aUTpOnOJIOrII'IeCRIIX Ha6JIIO)],eUIIH
C 3TDoreHeTII'IeCKOH IIII<popMaQlIeH, cogepmaIIJ;eiiCH B npeJJ;aHIIHx paSHbIX
Hapop;OB 06 IIX IIpOIICXOmp;eHIIII. TaRIIe npep;aHIIH eCTb npaRTII'IeCKII y I;;am-
goro Dapop;a, OHII MDoro pas IICnOJIb30BamlCb B pasHo06pasDbIx 3TuoreDeTII-
'IeCKIIX llCCJIep;OBaHIIHX, HO, K COmaJIeDIIIO, nOKa De CYMMlIpOBaDbI p;OJImDbIM
06pasoM. 06'bHCHHeTcH no TeM, 'ITO llC'IepnaTb BCIO CYMMY OTHOCHIIJ;IIXCH
K 8TOH 06JIaCTII <paKToB DeBOSMomHO De TOJIbRO B KpaTKOH CTaTbe, IIO II B
OJJ;HOH MODorpa<pIIII. B p;aJIbHeiIrneM 6YP;YT YIIOMIIHaTbCH JIIIIIIb OTp;eJIb-
Hble npIIMepbI TaKIIX 8TDoreHeTII'IeCKIIX npep;aHIIH, KODKpeTDO TpaRTyIOIIJ;lIe
npOIIcxomp;eHlIe Toro IIJIII lID oro Hapop;a.
IIo'IeMY JIIIDrBIICTII'IeCKIIe JJ;aHHbIe CneIJ;IIaJIbDO conOCTaBJIHIOTCH C aDTpo-
nOJIOrII'IeCKIIMII II IIX, B CBOIO O'Iepep;b, cpaBHIIBaIOT C 8TDoreHeTII'IeCKIIMII
npep;aDIIHMII? )J,JIH 3Toro eCTb TeOpeTII'IeCKIIe OCDOBaDIIH. IIepBoe lIS DIIX
COCTOIIT B TOM, 'ITO aHTpOnOJIOrII'IeCKIIe oc06eDHOCTII 'IaIIJ;e Bcero HesaBIICIIMbI
OT ypOBDH II xapaRTepa KYJIbTypbI. C06bITIIH 3TIIII'IeCKOH, COQIIaJIbDOH, p;ame
KYJIbTypDOH H nOJIIITII'IeCKOii IICTOpIIII Hapop;OB OTpamaIOTCH B p;IIDaMIIRe IIX
aHTpOnOJIOrII'IeCKIIX oc06eDHOCTeH, HO npoIIcxogHT ne3aBIICIIMO OT 3TIIX OCO-
6eDDocTelI. IIDbIMII CJIOBaMII, MbI CYP;IIM 06 3THoreuese II 3TDII'IeCKOH IICTO-
pHII - npoQeccax IICTOplI'IeCRIIX - IIa OCHOBaDlI1I TaKIIX <paKToB, KOTopbIe
'IYTKO OTpamaIDT p;IIHaMIIRy 3TIIX npOIJ;eCCOB, JJ;ODOCHT llaMHTb 0 HIIX )],0 Dac
'Iepes MHoro CTOJIeTIIH H game TbICH'IeJIeTIIH, DO caMII He HBJIHIOTCH IICTOPII-
'IeCKIIMII B Y3KOM II CTporOM CMbICJIe CJIOBa.
.HSbIK C IISBeCTDbIMII OrpaDII'IeHIIHMII saHIIMaeT IIop;06Doe me nOJIOmeDIIe.
MDoro DanIIcaHO 0 ero cOQIIaJIbHOH npIIpO.D:e. MDora IICCJIH110BaHIIH nOCBH-
172
1Qeuo II BCKpbITIIIO 6IIOJIOrII'IeCKIIX KOpHeH 'IeJIOBe'IeCKOH pe'IH. Pe'IeBaH geH-
'l'eJIbDOCTb HBJIHeTCH MOIIJ;HeHIIIJIM Cpep;CTBOM KOMMYHIIKaIJ;lIlI, a KOMMYHIIKa-
IJ;IIH 06eCne'IIIBaeT Bce KYJIbTYpDoe pa3BlITlIe 'IeJIOBe'IeCTBa. Ho nplI
Bcex COQIIaJIbDbIX acneKTax HSbIKa pe'Ib B ee IIpOCTeHIIIIIX IIpOHBJIeHlIflX
KaK-TO CBHsaDa II C 61I0JIOrlI'IeCKHMII MexaHIISMaMII, II, BOSMomHO, IIMeUHO
n03TOMY npOIIcxomp;eDIIe pe'IlI HeIIOHHTHO II He06'bHCHIIMO 6es nplIBJIe'IeHIIH
p,aHD:bIX lIS 06JIaCTII SOOnCIIXOJIOrlIlI, aHTpOnOJIOrIIII II T. p;.3 TaKIIM 06pasoM,
flSbIK, XOTH II HBJIHeTCH BamDeHIIIIIM IIHCTpYMeHTOM KYJIbTypbI, IIpep;CTaBJIHeT
C060H no OTDOIIIeHIIID K HeH B IICTOKaX CBOIIX He'ITO BHelliHee II C6JIIImaeTCH
B ::nOM OTDOIIIeHlI1I C aHTpOnOJIOrlIeH: npaBga, saBIICIIMOCTb B 3TOM CJIY'Iae
He OP;HOCTOpOHDHH II p;IIHaMIIKa HSbIKa II glIHaMIIRa KYJIbTYpbI BsaIIMO-
06YCJIOBJIeHbI. Bce me cpaBDeHlIe 3<p<peKTIIBHOCTII P;JIH 3THoreHeTII'IeCKIIX
BbIBOP;OB gBYX 3TIIX BIIgOB IICTOplI'IeCKIIX IICTO'IHIIROB, OglID lIS KOTOpbIX
IIMeeT cyry60 61I0JIOrII'IeCRIIH xapaKTep (aHTpOnOJIOrlI'IeCKIIH MaTeplIaJI),
a P;PyroH KOCBeDHO, HO Bce me CBHsaH C 61I0JIOrII'IeCROH nplIpop;OH 'Ie-
JIOBeRa (JIIIHrBIICTH'IeCKIIe p;aHHbIe) , npegcTaBJIHeT 60JIbIIIOH MeTOp;II'IeCKIIH
IIHTepec.
8TIlOreHeTII'IeCKIIe me npep;aHIIH DeCYT B ce6e TY IIH<popMaQHIO, KOTOpyID
caM Hapog nOMHIIT II coxpaHHeT 0 CBOIIX reUeTII'IeCRIIX IICTOKaX II 0 CBoeM
npOIIIJIOM, npaBp;a nponYIIJ;eHHYID 'Iepes KOJIJIeKTIIBHO-IICIIXOJIOrlI'IeCKlIe npep;-
CTaBJIeDIIH, 'Ie pes KOJIJIeKTIIBDoe MbIIIIJIeDlIe. II03TOMY 8THoreDeTII'IeCRIIe
npep;aHIIH IIHTIIMHO CBHsaHbI C 3THII'IeCKIIM caMOCOSDaDlIeM II, rrOmaJIYH,
60JIee, 'IeM p;pyrlIe 3JIeMeDTbI RYJIbTypbI, 8THII'IeCKII cneIJ;II<pII'IHbI. IIx nOJIDO-
Ta II QeHDOCTb paSJIII'IHbI Y paSlIbIX DapOJJ;OB: Y OP;HIIX OUII P;OBOJIbHO CMYT-
HbI; Y P;PyrIIx, HanplIMep Y nOJIIIDesIIIIQeB, ODII, Da060poT, OTJIJI'IaIOTCH
IICKJIIO'IIITeJIbHOH geTaJIbHOCTbIO. MHorIIe KYJIbTypDbIe 8JIe:\IeDTbI, He CBHsaH-
DbIe C caMOCOSDaHlIeM Toro IIJIII IIDoro Dapoga, 06'beKTIIBDO CYIIJ;eCTByroT B
onpep;eJIeHHOH <popMe, <PYlIKQIIOHIIPYIDT II IISMeDHIOTCH BHe saBIICIIMOCTII OT
Tex OTTeHKOB II acneKTOB, B KOTOpbIX OHII BOCIIpHHIIMaIOTCH IICnOJIbSYIOIIJ;IIMII
IIX JIIOP;bMII p;aHHOH IIJIII gpyroH 3THII'IeCKOH npIIDaJJ;JIemDOCTII. 8TDoreHeTII-
'IeCKlIe me npep;aHIIH He CYIIJ;eCTBYIDT 6es 3THoca II 3THII'IeCKOrO caMOC03Ha-
DIIH B OTJIII'IlIe OT aDTpOnOJIOrlI'IeCKIIX ocooeHDocTeH II HSbIKa - 3JIeMeHTOB
IIO OTHOIIIeHIIIO K RYJIbType B yRasaDHbIX CMbICJIaX OTDOCIITeJIbDO BHeIIIHIIX,
:3TII npegaHIIH - OP;IIH lIS HalI60JIee xapaKTepDbIX BDYTpeDDIIX 3JIeMeDTOB
KYJIbTypbI IIMeDDO p;aHHoro Hapoga. 8THM II 06'bHCHHeTcH nx BbI60p B Ka'Ie-
CTBe 3JIeMeHTa KYJIbTypbI, COIIOCTaBJIHeMOrO C aDTpOnOJIOrlI'IeCKIIM COCTaBOM
II HSbIKOM.
CJIeP,yeT, nOmaJIYH, nOp;'IepKHYTb eIIJ;e OP;HO 06CTOHTeJIbCTBO, nplIp;aIOm;ee
TaKOMY conOCTaBJIeDIIID p;OnOJIDIITe;;r:bHbIH MeTOp,II'IeCKHH JIDTepec. 8TDoreHe-
TII'IeCRlIe npep;aHIIH He coxpaHHIOTCH DeII3MeHDbIMH Ha npOTHmeHIIII IICTOplIII
Hapoga, JIIOP;H He TOJIbRO xpaHHT B HIIX naMHTb 0 CBoeM npOIIcxomp;eDIIII,
DO II BDOCHT B HIIX RoppeKTIIBbI B saBIICIIMOCTII OT Toro, KaRIIM ODII XOTHT
BIIp;eTb CBoe npoIIcxomJJ;eDlIe. A 3TO meJIaHHe OIIpep;eJIHeTCH ypOBHM KYJIb-
TYp:bI II 06mecTBeHDoro paSBIITIIH, CJIOmIIBIIIIIMIICH KYJI:bTypDO-6bITOBbIMII
OTHOIIIeIIIIHMII C P;PyrIIMII HapogaMII, p;ame, DaKOHeQ, IICTOpII'IeCI{II 06YCJIOB-
JIeDDbIMII H nepIIOp;II'IeCKII BOSDIIKaIOIIJ;IIMII B onpep;eJIeDH:bIX IICTOplI'IeCKIIX
cIITyaQIIHX BCn:bIIIIRaMII HaQIIOHaJIIISMa II T. p;. )J,pyrlIMH CJIOBaMH, 3THoreHe-
TII'IeCKlIe npep;aHIIH JII060ro Hapop;a He OTJIIIJIHCb B saCTbIBIIIYIO WOPMY, OHII
mlIBYT II IISMeDHIOTCH Ha npOTHmeHIIII IICTOplIlI, npII'IeM IIDorp;a IISMeDeDIIH
3TlI BHOCHTCH COSDaTeJIbDO B yrop;y TOH IIJIII IIHOH nOJIIITII'IeCROH IIp;eOJIO-
rII'IeCKOH gOKTpIIDe. KCTaTH CKa3aTb, IISY'IeHIIe IICTOpII'IeCROH p;IIDaMIIKII
3TDoreDeTII'IeCRIIX IIpep;aDIIH Ha <pODe COQlIaJIbDOH II KYJIbTypHOH IICTO-
pHII TOro IIJIII IIHoro Hapop;a npep;CTaBJIHeT C060H YBJIeKaTeJIbHeHIIIYIO Hay'I-
173
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Korp;a cpaBHIIBaIOTCH Memp;y C060II TPII pHp;a HBJIeHIIH, peSYJIbTaTbI cpaBHe-'
HIIH 6YP;YT paSJIII'IHbIMII B COOTBeTCTBIIII C TeM, HesaBIICIIMbI Jill ,[IPyr
OT p;pyra IIJIII saBIICIIMbI 3TII pHP;bI. BblIIIe ynoMIIHaJIOCb 06 orpor.IHoH co-
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KYJIbTypLI, BMeCTe C HIIM nepep;aIOIIJ;IIeCH II pacnpOCTpaHHIOIIJ;IIeCH. 8THoreHe-
TII'IeCKIIe rrpep;aHIIH, KaK II Bce KOMnOHeHTbI <pOJIbKJIOpa, BblcrynaIDT B HSbI-
KOBOH <popMe. II08ToMY OHII, KOHe'IHO, C HSbIKOM CBHsaHbI, II TPYP;HO BocnpII-
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HIIH. II Bce me H peIIIaIOCb YTBepmp;aTb, 'ITO OHII OTHOCIITeJIbHO HesaBIICIIMbI
XOTH 6bI B OP;HOM, HO B nepBYID O'iepep;b IIHTepeCYIOIIJ;eM Hac OTHOIIIeHIIII-
B TpaKTOBKe npoIIcxomgeHIIH Hapop;a, KOTOpbIH HBJIHeTCH HOCIITeJIeM II TBOp-
IJ;OM 3TIIX npe,a:aHIIH. B 6bITY COSHaHIIe HSbIKOBbIX paSJIII'IIIH HBJIHeTCH op;Hon
IIS BamHbIX npep;nOCbIJIOK OCOSHaHIIH paSHIU{bI npOIIcxomp;eHIIH II, Ha060pOT,
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pasHoro npOIIcxom,a:eHIIH <pIIrypIIPYIDT B nOp;aBJIHIOIIJ;eM 60JIbIIIIIHCTBe CJIY-
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npep;CTaBJIeHIIH 06 IIX npOIIcxomp;eHIIII. II03ToMY II MomHO, KaK MHe npe,a:-
CTaBJIHeTCH, rOBopIITb 0 HesaBIICIIMOCTII HSbIKOBbIX Ha6JIIOJJ;eHIIII II 3THoreHe-
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IIMeIOT JIIIIIIb IICTOplI'IeCKIIH IIHTepec.
IITaK, MLI MomeM npep,nOJIaraTb B Ka'IeCTBe IICXO,a:HOH nOCbIJIKII, 'ITO IIMe-
eM p;eJIO C TpeMH pHp;aMII HesaBIICIIMbIX HBJIeHIIH. llT06bI HarJIHp;Hee npep;-
CTaBIITb ce6e pasHo06pa3IIe cIITyaQIIH, Korp;a, CKameM, aHTpOnOJIOrII'IeCKIIe
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BIICTII'IeCKIIe, a 8THoreHeTII'IeCKIIe npe,n;aHIIH rOBopHT 0 APyroM IIJIII, Ha060-
pOT, aHTpOnOJIOrIIH II JIIIHrBIICTIIKa npIIBop;HT K npOTIIBOpe'IIIBbIM BbIBop;aM
II T. p;., BblpaSIIM 3TII cIIryaIJ;IIII B rpa<pII'IeCKOH <popr.fe (pIIC. 11).
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Hiin II paBHOH BepOHTHOCTII llX COBnap;eHIIH II HeCOBnap;eHIIH B 3THoreHeTH-
'IeCKOM IICCJIep;OBaHIIH IIC'IepnbIBaeTCH BoceMbID CJIY'IaHMII, Kam,a:bIH II3 KOTO-
pbIX oxapaKTepiiSOBaH Ha pIICYHKe COOTBeTcTByIOIIJ;IIMII CIIMBOJIaMII II 060SHa-
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MeCTaMII, HO, nOBTopHIO, 3TO HenpIIHQIIIIIIaJIbHO - B p;aHHOM cJlY'Iae CIICTeMa
OTC'IeTa MomeT 6bITb JII06aH, ropasp;o IIHTepeCHee cop;epmaTeJIbHaH CTopOHa
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+ - COBIIa):\eHlIe ):\aHHbIx; - - HeCOBIIa):\eHlIe ):\aHHbIX
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peTHbIX 8THoreHeSOB, 06paIIJ;aIO BHIIMaHIIe Ha ciiTyaIJ;IIII V, VI II VII. OHlI
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saBIIClIMbIX HBJIeHIIH COBnap;aeT C gBYMH ):(pyrIIMII no BbIHBJIeHHbIM 3TH ore- .
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cosp;aIOT OCHOBbI P;JIH op;HOSHa'IHOrO peIIIeHlIH 3THoreHeTII-rreCRoii np06JIeMbI.
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IIOBaUIIH nplIBop;HT K BCKpbITIIIO OJJ:HOII onpegeJIeHHOH JIIIHIIII 3THoreHeTII'Ie-
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XeOJIOrII'IeCKlIX p;aHHbIX 5, II CJIY'IaHHbIH B 60JIbIIIlIHCTBe CJIY'IaeB xapaKTep
naJIeOaHTpOnOJIOrII'IeCRIIX MaTepIIaJIOB. CKII<pbI He COCTaBJIHIOT lICKJIIO'IeHIIH,
XOTH nOCBHIIJ;eHHaH IIM JIIITeparypa orpOMHa II Bonpoc 06 HX npoIIcxomp;e-
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HSbm CRII<pOB IISBeCTeH HaM JIlIIIIb no TeM maJIKIIM <pparMeHTaM, KOTopble
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175
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rrpeTIIpOBaJI ero B nJIane BbIHBJIeHIIH nepep;HeaSIIaTCKIIX II KaBRaSCKIIX aH3-
JIOrIIH 6. TaRoii aHaJIIIS no anpiiopHoCTII IICXOP;HbIX npe,[lnOCbIJIOK II no CJIa-
60CTII H HenOJIHOTe Y'IeTa KOHKpeTHbIX HSbmOBbIX peaJIIIii He CTIIMYJIIIpOBaJI
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60B l\IIIrpaIJ;IIII HaCeJIeHIlH B 8noxy RaMHH II 6poHsbI. Ho TaKaH cTa6IIJIb-
HOCTb II TOT <paRT, 'ITO RaRIIe-TO acneRTbI 8THOreHeTIPIeCKIIX npOQeCCOB
MorYT He saTparIIBaTb aHTpOnOJIOrII'IeCKIIH COCTaB (HanpIIMep, nepe):(a-qa
HSbma IIJIII OT):(eJIbHbIX RYJIbTypHbIX 8JIeMeHTOB), IIlVIeIOT II CBOIO OTpIIIJ;aTeJIb-
HYIO CTOpOHy; B aHTpOnOJIOrIpIeCI\:IIX oc06eHHOCTHX 'IaCTO cJIa60 OTpamaIOT-
CH C06bITIIH He):(aBHero npomJIoro, no MacIIITa6aM CBOIIM CpaBHIIl\IbIe C C06bI-
TIIHMII rJIy60KOH p;peBHOCTII IIJIII p;ame npeBOCXO):(HIIJ;IIe IIX, HO He saTpOHYB-
mIle aHTpOnOJIOrII'IeCKOrO COCTaBa IIJIIl He ycneBnnle eIl\e IISMeIUITb ero.
II08TOl\IY neT a6COJIIOTHOrO OTBeTa Ha Bonpoc 0 SHaQeHlI1I aHTpOnOJIOrIIQe-
185
.,
I
CKIIX p;aHHbIX B 3THOreHeTII'IeCROM IICCJIep;OBaHIIII: OHO BeJIIIRO, KOrp;a pe'Ib
IIp;eT 0 paHHIIX 8TanaX 3THOreHeSa, II 'IaCTO YMeHbIIIaeTCH B peROHCTpYR-
IJ;IIII nOSp;HIIX ero 3TanOB.
II pOTDBOnOJIOlliHbIH rrOJIIOC SaHIIl\IaIOT, nO-BII):(I1MOMY, 3THoreHeTII'IeCKIIe
rrpe):(aHIIH. OHII co):(epmaT ):\parOIJ;eHHble cBegeHIlH 0 C06bITIIHX, OTCTOHIIJ;IIX
OT COBpeMeHHOCTII Ha cpaBHIITeJIbHO HeOOJIbITIOM XpOHOJIOrII'IeCROM paCCTOH-
HIIII, HO, MomeT 6bITb, n03TOl\IY II He <pIIRcIIPyeMblx p;pyrIIl\III IICTO'IHIIRaMII,
TaK KaR OHD ue ycneBaIOT IISMeHIITb COOTBeTCTBYIOIIJ;lIe 3TIIII'IeCRIIe xapaR-
TepIICTliKII. OIWH'IaTeJIbHOe <pOpl\IIIpOBaHlIe 3THII'IeCROrO JIIIIJ;a MHorIIX Hapo-
):(OB na):(aeT Ha 8noxy cpe)XHeBeROBbH II ):(ame Ha OOJIee rrOS)XHee BpeMH,
n03TOMY ):(JIH IIX 3THoreHesa (HanpIIMep, BOCTO'IHbIX CJIaBHH, MOIIrOJIOB II oy-
pHT, HeROTopbIX HapO):(OB CeBepHoro KaBKasa, TYBliHIJ;eB II HapO):(OB AJITaH
Ii T. p;.) 'IpeSBbI'IaIIHO BamHbI COObITIIH I1X nOS):(HeH IICTOpIIlI, npaRTII'IeCKII
nOCJIe):(Hero TbICH'IeJIeTIIH. IIal\IHTb 06 3TIIX C06bITIIHX xopomo coxpaHHIOT
3THoreHeTII'IeCRIIe npe):\aHIIH. To OOCTOHTeJIbCTBO, 'ITO JIereDp;bI 0 npOIIcxom-
p:eHIIII HapO):(OB ):(OXO):(HT ):(0 Hac, RaK rrpaBIIJIO, B ):(e<popr.IIIpOBaHHOl\I BII)Xe,
He p;eJIaeT 3TOT BII):( IICTO'IHIIRa MeHee SHa'IIIMbIM. JIIOoble ):(ome)XlliIIe ):(0 Hac
lIS npOIIIJIOrO MaTepIIaJIbI TaRme He nOJIHOCTblO OTpamalOT ):(eIICTBIITe.TIbHOCTb
II TpeOYIOT KpIITII'IeCKOrO aHaJIIIsa.
JIIIHrBIICTII'IeCRIIe ):(aHHbIe saHIIMaIOT npm1elliYTO'IHOe nOJIOmeHIIe. HaJIII-
TIlle IIIICbMeHHbIX nal\IHTHIII\:OB npIIJJ;aeT eMY XpOHOJIOrII'IeCKYIO nepcneRTIIBY.
YXOP;HIIJ;YIO B 3noxy nOS):(HeH OpOHSbI, HO npaKTII'IeCRII CROJIb-HIIOY):(b nOJIes-
HaH IIH<popMaIJ;IIH, ROTopaH MomeT ObITb MOOIIJIIISOBaHa B 3THoreHeTII'IeCRIIX
IJ;eJIHX, CYllJ;eCTByeT TOJIbRO na'IIIHaH C I TbICH'Ie.TIeTIIH P;O H. 8., T. e.
C 3noXII paHHero meJIesa. TOJIbKO C 8Toro BpeMeHII II ROH'IaH 3nOXOH nos)X-
Hero cpe):(HeBeROBbH, nO-BII)XIIMOMY, MOryT ObITb rrOJIHOIJ;eHHO IICnOJIbSOBaHbI
JIIIHrBIICTII'IeCRIIe ):(aHHbIe ):(JIH OCBeIIJ;eHDH npOOJIel\I 3TDoreHesa; OHII )XalOT
nrnpoKYIO II MHorOCTopOHHIOIO 1IH<popMaIJ;IIIO, II C IIX nOl\IOIIJ;bIO l\IOmnO ROp-
peKTlIpOBaTb peSYJIbTaTbI aHaJIIISa ):(PyrlIx MaTepIlaJIOB.
PaCCMOTpeHIIe paSHbIX 3THoreHeTII'IeCRIIX cIITyaIJ;IIH II BOSMomHOCTeH IIX
peRoHcTpyRIJ;IIII npIIBO):(I1T R BbIBOgy, 'ITO HII aHTpOnOJIOrII'IeCRIIH MaTepIlaJI,
IIII JIIIHrBIICTII'IeCRIIe ):(aUHbIe, HII 3THoreHeTII'IeCRIIe npe)XaHIIH He IIl\IeIOT
a6cOJIIOTHOrO SUa'IeHIIH. IIx pOJIb OTHOCDTeJIbHa, II OHa MeHHeTCH B saBIICII-
MOCTII OT XpOHOJIOrH'IeCROrO ):(DanaSOHa paCCMa TpIIBael\IbIX npOIJ;eCCOB II CO-
ObI:TIIH. B OCBeIIJ;eHIIII COObITIIH 3rrOXII Ral\IHH II OpOHSbI, nOBTOpHel\I, HeOIJ;e-
HIlMa pOJIb aHTpOnOJIOrlI'IeCKIIX l\IaTepIIaJIOB, 3THoreHeTII'IeCRaH 3 <peRTIIB-
HOCTb ROTOpbIX 'IaCTO nOHIImaeTCH no OTHorneHIIIO R nOS):\HIIl\I IICTOpII'IeCKIIM
":OObITIIHl\I. JIIIHrBIICTII'IeCRIIe p;aHHble ocooeHHO 3<p<peRTIIBHbI JJ;JIH 3rrOXli
paHHero meJIesa II 3nOXII cpep;HeBeIWBbH. HaKoHeIJ;, 3THoreHeTII'IeCRIIe npe-
p;aHIIH TOJIbKO R 8noxe cpe):(HeBeROBLH npDoopeTaIOT HacTOHIIJ;YIO paspelliaIO-
IIJ;YIO CIIJIY II coxpaHHIOT ee BnJIOTb ):(0 nOCJIe):\HDX CTOJIeTIIH.
1 TOKapeB Co A. K nOCTaHOBKe np06JIeM :JTHoreHe3a II COB. 3THorpag)llJI. 19490 M 3;
/{e6elf F. W., JIeBun Mo F., TporfjuMoBa T. A. AHTpOnOJIOrlI'IeCRIIH MaTepllaJI RaR lIe-
TO'IHlIR ]:\JIH ll3yqeHllH BOlipOCOB 3THoreHe3a II TaM meo 1952. M 1; JIeBun M. F. OTHO-
rpag)II'IecRlIe II aHTpOnOJIorHlleCRlIe MaTeplIaJIbI RaR IICTOplI'IeCRIIH IICTO'IHllR: (K Me-
TO OJIOrllll ll3yqeHIIH llCTOpIIII 6ecnllcbMeHHbIx Hapop;oB) II TaM meo 1961. M 1; Funa-
6ypz B. B. HeKoTopbIe np06JIeMbI ll3YlleHllH B3allMOCBJl3ll pacoreHe3a II 3THorene3a /I
TaM me. 1968. M 4.
2 A.!LeKCeeB B. IIo IIpOllcxoiR]:\eHlle HapO]:\OB KaBRa3a: KpaHllOJI. HCCJIe . M., 1974.
3 IIo CYTll 3a nOCJIe]:\Hlle Ba eCHTllJIeTlIfl RPYIIHeHlliue pa60TbI 0 IIpollcxom]:\eHlIu pelIlI
HalilIcaHbI aHTpOnOJIOraMH: BynaK Bo Bo IIpOllcxolli]:\eHlIe pellll no ]:\aHHbIM aHTpOllO-
JIOrllll II IIpollcxom eHlle 'IeJIOBeRa II ]:\peBHee paCCeJIeHlle 'IeJIOBe'IeCTBao M., 1951.
(Tp. I1H-Ta 3THorpag)llll AH CCCP. H. C.; T. 16); On 3/Ce. Pe% II IIHTeJIJIeRT, CTa]:\llH
llX pa3BllTllH B aHTponoreHe3e II I1cKOnaeMbIe rOMllH bI II rrpOlIcxom]:\eHlle lleJIOBeKa.
186
I
M., 19660 (Tp. MH-Ta 3THorpag)llll AH CCCP. H. C.; T. 92). JIIDIrBllCTll'IeCKIIH aClieKT
np06JIeMbI CMo: JIeoUTbe6 A. A. B03HllKHoBeHHe II llepBOHallaJIbHOe pa3BllTlle H3bIKa.
M., 19630
.fo MHTepecHbIe MbICJIll Ha 3TY TeMY BblCRa3aHbI «D. COCCIOpOM B no rOTOBllTeJIbHbIX Ma-
TepllaJIax R KYpcy 061I{eH JIllHrBllCTllKII, oBe eHHbIx ceiITIac o neTIaTll: Saassure F. de.
Course de lingnistique generale/Ed. critique par R. Engler. Wiesbaden, 1967. Fasco 1,
2; 1968. Fasc. 3. CM. TaR7Ke: C.alOcape6a H. A. TeopllH B CBeTe COBpeMeHHOH JIIIHrBllC-
TllKll. M., 1975.
B npOTllBOBec llillpORO paclipocTpaHeHHbIM onTIIMllCTll'leCKIIM B3rJIH aM OHa BbIllYRJIO
OCBelI{eHa A. JI. MOHraHTOM. CM.: M ouzauT A. JI. ApXeOJIOrlllleCKlle KYJIbTypbI II 3T-
Hll'leCRlIe 06II{HOCTII: (K BOIIPOCY 0 MeTO]:\llRe IICTOpIIRo-apXeOJIOrlllleCKIIX llCCJIe OBa-
HllH) IIHapo]:\bI A3llll II Ag)PllRii. 1967. M 1.
.f! Mapp H. H. CKIIg)CRIIH H3bIR II IIo 3TaliaM pa3BIITllfJ Hg)eTII'IeCROH TeOpm!. JIo, 1926;
Ou 3/Ce. TepMllH «CRlIg)> II Hg)eTII'IeCRllH C60PHllK. JIo,_192 T. 10 06e pa60TbI nepe-
ne'IaTaHbI: Mapp H. Ho M36paHHbIe pa60TbI. M.; JI., 193;:,. To ;:,.
7 A6ae6 Eo 11. CRlIg)CKllll H3bIR II A6ae6 B. 110 OceTIIHCKIIH H3bIR II g)OJIbKJIOp. Mo; JIo,
19490 To 1.
11 Ou 3/Ce. IICTOpIIKO-3THMOJIOrlI'IeCRllfl CJIOEapb oceTIIHCImro H3blRa. M.; JI., 1958. T. 1;
Ou 3/Ceo CRIIg)o-eBponeHcKlle ll30rJIOCCbI. Ha CTbIKe BocToKa u: 3ana]:\ao M., 1965.
'9 JIllTepaTypa 0 CRIIg)CKOM 3BeplIHoM CTllJIe orpOMHa. CBO]:\RII aHHbIX II 6ll6JIllOrpag)llIO
CM.: ApTaMouo6 Mo J1., WopMau Bo CORpOBllll\a CRllg)CRIIX RypraHoB B c06paHIIll fo-
cy]:\apcTBeHHoro OpMIITa7Ka. M., 1966; ApTaMono6 Mo If. COhpOBlIlI{a caKOBo M., 19730
IIonYJIHpHbIe 0630pbI CKIIg)CKOH RYJIbTYPbI CMo: CMupno6 Ao II. CRlIg)bI. M., 1966;
FpaKo6 Bo Ho CRlIg)bI. Mo, 1971. Ao CIIX nop HenpeB30H eHHbIM 110 nOJIHOTe ll3JIOmeHIIH
IICTOplIll CRlIg)cKoro I1Ipa OCTaeTCH CTapbrH TPY]:\: PocToelfe6 M. H. CRIIg)llH II BOCIlOp.
KpIITll'leCROe o603peHlle IlaMfJTHIIROB JIIITepaTypbI II apxeOJIOrll'leCKnx. JI., 19250
10 FepoooT. MCTOpllH B eBHTll RHllTaX. JIo, 1972. C. 188-189.
11 06 3TOM CM.: BOPYX06U't B. Fo HayqHoe II JIllTepaTYPHoe 3Ha'IeHlle Tpy a repo oTa II
repo oTo YKa3. CO'I.
12 KonOYKTop06a T. C. HaCe.:renHfJ HeanoJIfJ CRig)CbRorO 3a aHTpono:wri'IHIUIll ]:\aHII m /1
MaTeplIaJIi 3 aHTponorii Yhp3lHII. KlllB, 19640 BIII!o 3; Onu 3/Cc. AUTpOnOJIOrlIH gpeE-
Hero HaCeJIeHllH YhpallHbI M., 1972; 3Une6U't Fo fl. O'lepRII naJIeOaHTpOllOJIOrlI1I YRpall-
HbI. KlleB, 1967.
3 MaTepllaJIbI C TeppllTopllll Cpe HeH A3llll CYMMlIpOBaHbI: Funa6ypz B. B., TporPUMo-
6a To Ao IIaJIeoaHTponoJIorllH Cpe]:\HeH A3Till. M., 1972. MaTepllaJIbI C TeppllToplIll
AJITafJ II XaRaCllll CYMMlIpOBaHbI: A.I!eKCee6 B. flo IIaJIeoaHTponoJIorHH A.1ITaH 3nOXll
meJIe3a II COB. apXeOJIorllH. 1958. M 1; Ou 3/Ce. IIaJIeoHTponoJIorHH XaKaClIll 3110Xll
7KeJIooa IIC60 MY3eH aHTpOnOJIOrlIll II 3THorpag)llll. 1961. T. 20; Koauulfe6 A. F. AHT,,-
ITOJIOrlIlleCRHU COCTaB II IIpOllCX07KgeHlIe HaCeJIeHIIH TarapcRoH KYJIbTYPbI. JI., 1972.
H. /{e6elf F. W o IIaJIeoaHTponoJIorllH CCCP IITp. MH-Ta 3THorpag)llll AH CCCP. H. C.
Mo, 19480 To 4.
15 /{e6elf Fo W. IIaJIeOaHTpOITOJIorlI'IeCRlIe MaTepllaJIbI ll3 norpe6eHIIH CPy6HOH RYJIbTY-
pbI Cpe]:\Hero 3aBOJI7KbH II MaTepllaJIbI II llCCJIe OBaHllH IlO apXeOJIOrllll CCCP o 1954.
T. 42; KOUOYKTopo6a T. Co MaTepllaJIbI no naJIeOaHTpOnOJIOrlIll YKpalIHbIIIAuTpollo-
JIOrlI'IeCRllH C60pHIIR. M., 19560 (Tpo MH-Ta 3THorpag)llll AH CCCP. H. C.; T. 33); Fe-
paCUM06a M. Mo qepena ll3 ITOrpe6eHIIH CPy6HOH KYJIbTYPbI B Cpe]:\HeM IIOBOJI7Kbe II
KpaT. co061I{. MH-Ta apXeOJIOrllll AH CCCP. 19580 BbIIl. 71; WuplllTeuu Bo Wo AHTpO-
IIOJIOrll'IeCRaH xapaRTepllcTIIKa HaCeJIeHIIH Hll7KHerO IIOBOJI7KbH B :moxy 6POH3bI II
rra IHTHllRII 3nOXII 6pOH3bI IOra eBponeHcKoii 'IaCTll CCCPo KneB, 1967; 3uue6u't F. II.
O'IepRll IlaJIeOaHTpOllOJIOrllll YRpallHbI; 3uHe6u't F. flo, KpYlf C. 1. AHTponoJIori'IHa
xapaRTepllcTllKa aBHboro HaCeJIeUUH TepliTopi YKpaiHH. ]{niB, 1968; KpYlf C. H.
HaCeJIeHlle TeppllTopllll YRpallHbI 3ITOXII Me]:\ll-6pOH3bI. KlleB, 1972.
f6 JIe6uu Mo F. OTHII'IeCRaH aHTpOllOJIOrIIH HuoHllll. Mo, 1971. He Mory He YRB3aTb Ha
IICKJIIOTIllTeJIbHYIO pOJIb COMaTOJIOrll'IeCKIIX MaTepllaJIOB, c06paHHbIX COBeTCKllMll aH-
TpOIlOJIOrallIll, II B nepBYIO O'Iepe b M. f. JIeBllHbIM, B 060CHOBaHIIll aHTpOllOJIOrlI'Ie-
CRorO e]:\llHCTBa HIIOHCRorO Hapoga.
n 061I{ee onllcaHlIe ITOJIIIHe3IIHCRlIX H3bIKOB CM.: Hapo bI ABCTpaJIllll II OKeaHlIll. M.,
1956. (HapogbI Mnpa. oTHorpag)II'IecRlIe O'IepRn).
18 IIpe JIo7Keuo HeCKOJIbRO BapllaHToB RJIaCcllg)IIRaD;HIIo 0630P llX CM.: fl Y'tK06 II. H
ClIcTeMbI RJIaCcllg)llRaD;llH oKeaHllHCRlIX H3bIKOB II 3THOJIllHrBllCTll'leCRaH RJIaCcllg)ll<
RaIIllH Hapo oB OReaHllll II H3bIKll IOro-BocTo'IHOH A31IH. M., 1967.
f9 IIo 60pRy cBe eHllH 06 3TllX pa60Tax CMo: Heyerdahl Th. American Indians in the
Pacific. L.; Stockholm; Oslo, 1952 0
:20 TaKYIO TO'IRY 3peHllH BbIpa3llJI, HaIIp., f. «D. Ae6eD;. CM.: /{e6elf Fo W. OnbIT rpag)ll-
'IeCKOrO ll306pa7KeHllH reHeaJIOrll'leCKOH RJIaCcllg)llKaD;nll TIeJIOBe'IeCRlIX pac II COB. 3T-
Horpag)HH. 1958. ;M 4.
187
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21 AJLeKCee6 B. fl. reorpag)llH TIeJIOBeTIeCKIIX pac. M., 1974.
22 Wagner K. The craniology of the oceanic reces II Skr. Norske vid.-akad. Oslo. Kl. I.
1937. N 2.
23 PoaunCKUU Ho Ho 0 npOllCxomp;eHllli nOJIllHe3llHI(eB (no aHTpOllOJIOfll'leCKIIM aH-
HbIM) II IIp06JIeMbI aHTpOllOJIOrllll II llCTopll'leCKOII 3THorpag)lllI A3lllI. M., 1968.
24 CBO RY aHHI.IX II 6ll6JIlIorpag)llIO CM.: Simmons R. Blood group genes in Polinesians
and comparisons with other Pacific peoples II Oceania. 1962. Vol. 32, N 3. IIepene-
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25 PoaunCKUU H. H. 0 npOlIcxom eHllll nOJIIIHe3llHI(eB; On 3/Ce. 0 nepBOHa'IaJII.HOM 3a-
CeJIeHllil ITOJHIHe3IIll (no MaTepllaJIaM aHTpOflOJIOrllll) II COBo 3THorpag)llH. 1966. ;Ni! 5.
26 CRa3RII II :vm.pI.I OReaHIIII. 1\1., 19700 OomylO xapaRTepucTIIKy «poaLKJIOpa nOJIllHe3I1ii-
I(eB aeT CTaTbH E. M. MllJIeTllHCRoro, npewroCJIaHHaH 3TOMY ll3 aHIIIO II co epmalI{aH
YRa3aHllH Ha OCHOBHYIO JIllTepaTYPY.
27 061I{ee npe CTaBJIeHlIe 06 3TIIX paC'IeTaX II 0 CBH3aHHbIX C HllMll IIp06JIeMax ae'l
RHlIra Te PaHrll Xllpoa (II. EaKa) II npe;J:nocaaIInaH eii CTaTI.H C. A. TOKapeBa. CM.:
Te Panau Xupoa. MOpeliJIaBaTeJIH COJIHellHOrO Bocxo a. M., 1950. YRa3aHllH Ha Ho-
BeHlliYIO JIllTepaTYPY no apXeOJIOrllll, oTo BllraIOlI{yIO BrJIy6I. aTY 3aCeJIeHllH IIoJlit-
He3llll, CM.: TYMapKun /1.. /1.0 Typ XeHepp;aJI II IIp06JIeJ\1a 3aCeJIeHllH IIoJIHHe3lllll1
ABCTpaJIllH II OKeaHllHo MCTOplIH II COBpellleHHOCTbo M., 1970.
28 061I{ee IIpe CTaBJIeHlIe 0 HeM aIOT ]:IBe 3aMellaTeJII.HI.Ie ny6JIIIKaI(llll If. A. Op6eJIlI.
C't\r.: Op6e.LU 11. A. BacHlI cpe;J,HeBeKoBoII Ap IeHIIII. Mo; JI., 1956; On 3/Ceo EacHII cpeA-
HeBeROBoii ApMeHIIII il .H30p. Tpo: B 2 T. 1\10' 1968. To L
29 CM. 06 3TOM pa60TY B. B. EynaKa, o CllX nop coxpaHIIBlliyro B 3TOM OTHOllieHllll Bce
CBoe 3Ha'IeHlle: BynaK B. B. Crania Armenica. MCCJIe]:lOBaHlle IlO aHTpOnOJIOrllll IIe-
pe HeH A3llll II Tp. AHTpOnOJI. Hayq.-llCCJIe]:l. llH-Ta npll I Mry. 1927. BbIIl. 2.
30 CBO Ry aHHblX CM.: A68yme.auuf,6u.au Mo F. AHTpOnOJIOrIm peBHero II cOBpeMeHI!O-
1'0 HaCeJIeHIIH rpY3llll. T6llJIIICII, 19640 CM. TaRme: On 3/Ceo 06 aHTpOnOJIOrll'leCKOM
COCTaBe cOBpeMeHHoro HaCeJIeHllH ApMeHllll II AHTpOnOJIOrlllleCKIIH C60PHllK, IV. M.,
1963. (Tp. MH-Ta 3THorpag)llll AH CCCP. H. C.; T. 82).
31 Ta6JIll'IHYIO CBO]:lRY II 61I6JIIIOrpag)1I10 CMo: AJLeKCee6 Bo fl. IIpollcxom eHlle HapOAOB
KaBRa3a.
32 OCHOBHI.Ie pa60TbI ro RallaHl\HHa ITO H3blRY II llCTOpllll apMHH c06paHbI B ClleI:[llaJII.-
HI.IH C60PHIlRo CM.: KanaHlJRn F. MCTOpllRO-JIllHrBllCTll'IeCRUe pa60TI.I. EpeBaH, 1956.
33 }J;OCTaTOllHO no p06HO llCTOpllH ll3yqeHllH apMHHcKoro H3bIKa OCBelI{eHa 3. r. TYMa-
HHHOMo CMo: TYManRn 90 r. ApMHHCRIIH H3blR II COBeTcKoe H3I.IR03HaHlle 3a 50 JIeT.
M., 1967.
34 0 HeM CI\I.: Feopaue6 Bo MCCJIegOBaHllH no cpaBHllTeJIbHO-IICTOpllTIeCRoMy H3blR03Ha-
HllIOo M., 1958.
35 CM., Hanp.: AaaRn 9. Eo BBe]:leHlIe B H3I.IR03HaHIIeo EpeBaH, 1960.
36 /1.3/CaYKRn Fo B. YpapTcKuHll IIH]:IOeBpOneHCRIIe H3I.lRll. EpeBaH, 1963.
37 TYManRn.9o r. ApMHHCRUH H3bIR II H3I.lRll Hapop;OB CCCP. Mo, 19660 T. 1.
38 Feopaue6 B. YRa3. CO'I.
39 /1.3/CaYKRn F. B. ApMHHCKllH II ]:IpeBHlle llHp;OBponeHCRlIe H3blRIl. EpeBaH, 1970. Ha
apMo H30, pC3. pyC., aHrJI.
40 /1.3/CaYKRn Fo Bo O'iepRII 110 llCTOplIll OIIllCI.MeHHoro lleplIO}J,a apMHHCRoro H3I.lRa.
EpeBaH, 1967.
u JIe6un Mo F. «Dll31I'IeCRaH aHTpOnOJIOrllH II IIp06JIeMI.I 3THoreHe3a HapO OB }J;aJII.He-
1'0 BocToRa II Tp. MH-Ta 3THorpag)llll AH CCCP. H. C. Mo, 1958. T. 36. 0 BapllaI(IIHX
rpYUlI RpOBII II epMaTOrJIIIg)IIRe aHHoB CMo: Schwidetzky I. Neuere Entwicklungen
in del' Rassenkunde des Mcnschen II Die neue Rcssenkunde/Hrsg. 1. Schwidetzky.
Stuttgart, 1962.
42 mTepn6epa J1. H. AHHCRafl IIp06JIeMa/i C6.MY3eH aHTpOnOJIOrllli II 3THorpag)i!UI.
1929. To 8.
43 CaM JIo H. IIITepH6epr OTI\IellaJI HCKOTopI.Ie llapaJIJIeJIU B CTpYRType aHHCRoro II aBCT-
paJIIIHCRIIX H3I.lROB, HO OHII CJIY'IaHHbI II nym]:laIOTCH B npOBepRe, 'IT06I.I llX MomBO
6I.IJIO TpaRTOBaTI. B reHeTU'IeCROM ITJIaHe.
U CMo, Hallp.: JIa6po6 JIo 11. Rapa'iaH II EaJIKapllH O 30-x rO OB XIX B. II RaBRa3cRllH
3THOrpag)II'IeCKllH C60pHllK. Mo, 1969. To 4. C. 73.
45 AJLeKCee6 B. II. AHTpOllOJIOrlI'IeCRlIe ]:IaHHbIe K npOllCXOm]:leHIlIO OCeTllHCRoro Hapo-
]:Ia II IIpOllcxom eBlIe OCeTllHCKoro BapO]:la: MaTepllaJII.I HaYll. cec., 1l0CBHll\0 np06JI.
3TBoreHe3a OCeTllB. Op moHllKII 3e, 1967. RpaBllOJIOrll'leCKlIe MaTepllaJIbI, Ha KOTO.
pI.Ie H Tor]:la npellMYlI{eCTBeHHO OnllpaJICH, TenepI. ll3 anI.I nOJIHOCTI.IOo CI\I.: AJLen-
cee6 Bo II. ITpollcxom):\eHlle Hapo oB RaBRa3ao TaM ,Ke H 3THorCHeTH'IeCRlIii RO'\I-
MeHTapllH, II oII6JIllOrpag)IIH Ilpe):\llieCTBYIOlI{llX pa60T.
46 CBO):\RY COMaTOJIOrlllleCRllX MaTepIIaJIOB no RaBRaCIIOHcROMy Tiiny CMo: A68ymeJLum-
6UJLU M. F. AHTpOnOJIOrllH gpeBHero II cOBpeMeHHoro HaCeJIeHIIH rpy3IIIIo
r
I
I
188
n CM., HaIlp.: Banee6 3. Ho Cpe]:\HeBeRoBaH AJIaHIIHo CTaJIIIHlIplI, 1959.
i8 Fae.aouTu 10. C. AJIaHbI II BonpOCbI 3THoreHe3a OCeTllH. T6IIJIllCII, 1966.
9 A6ae6 B. N. IIpoIIcxom]:\eHlIe II RyJIbTypHOP npOlli:roe oceTI1H no aHHI.IM H3HI,a
(JIllHrBIICTII'IeCROe BBegeHlle B IICTOpllIO oceTIIHCRoro HapOga); On 3/Ce. 0 B3aIIMOOT-
HOllieHIIII IIpaHCROro II KaBRa3CRoro 3JIe IeHTOB B oceTIIHCROM II A6ae6 B. No Oce-
TllHCRllH H3bIR II g)OJII.RJIOp. M.; JI., -1949.
50 A6ae6 B. II. MCTOplI'IeCROe B HapTcKml 3noce II HapTcRIIH 3noc. ]J;3aY IIKay, 1949.
CM. TaKme: On 3/Ceo 3Ha'ieHlIe II npOlIcxom]:\eHlIe CJIOBa rong II A6ae6 B. II. OceTllH-
CRIIH H3bIR II «pOJII.RJIOpo
51 ]J;llCKYCCllIO BOKpyr 3TOH np06JIeMbI CM.: CKa3aHIIH 0 HapTax - anoc HapO OB RaB-
Ra3a. M., 1969.
52 Ka.!LOe6 B. Ao OCPTIIHI.I: MCTo-3THorp. nCCJIcg. M., 1970.
53 l{3/Can6epuoae Fo Ko BblcTynJIeHlle IIa ceCCllli no npollcxom.n:eHIIIO 6aJIRapl\eB II Rapa-
'IaeBl\eBIIO IIpoIIcxoilqeHlIll 6aJIRapl\eB II Rapa'iaeBl\eB. HaJII.'IIm, 1960.
5 A. eKcee6 B. fl. HeRoTopbIe IIp06JIeMI.I npolIcxom emlH oaJIRapD;eB II Kapa'iaeBl\eB
B CBeTe ;'];aHIIbIX aHTpOnOJIOrIIII II 0 npollcxolli]:\enlIll 6aJIRapD;eB II Rapa'iaeBD;eB.
55 Mapp Ho Eo EaJIRapO-CBaHcRoe CKpell\eHlIe II )J:ORJIo AH CCCP. 1929. IIepene'IaTaHo:
Mapp H. Eo 1I30paHHI.Ie pa60TI.I. JIo. 19370 T. 4; A6ae6 B. II. 061I{I[e 3JIeMeHTbI B
H3bIRe oceTI!H. OaJIKapl\eB II Rapa'iaeBl\CB II H3I.lK II MI.IlliJIeHue. JI., 1933. T. 1.
56 BaCKU1W6 H. A. BBe Hlle B ll3yqeHlle TIOpRCRllX H3bIKOB. M., 1969.
57 CMo, Hanp.. co. «0 npOlIcxom]:\eHlIll 6aJIRapl\eB II l\apa'iaeBl\eB».
58 g e60Kcap06 Ho H. CeBepHI.Ie RIiTaHD;I.I II ux COCe]:\II: (lICCJIe]:\OBamle no 3THII'IeCROH
aHTpOnOJIOrlIll BOCTO'IHOH A3llll) II RpaT. co061I{. MH-Ta 3THorpag)llll AH CCCP. 1949.
BbIn. 5.
59 l{e6elf F. (jJ. AHTpOnOJIOrlI'leCRlIe IICCJIe]:\OBaHlUI B Ra I'IaTCI;oH 06JIaCTII II Tp. MH-Ta
3THorpag)llu AH CCCP o Ho Co 1951. T. W; .;le6un :110 Fo 3THlllleCKaH aHTpOnOJIOTIIIT
II np06JICMa 3THoreHe3a Hapo]:\oB ]J;aJII.HerO BOCTORao Mo. 19580
60 Meno614 uKo6 Fo A. OCKIIMoCCRO-aJIeYTCRaH rpynna 11.H3bIRII Hapo]:\oB CCCP. JI.,1968.
To 5.
61 CmICOR pa50T K PaCl\IycceHa, co CpmalI{IIx g)OJII.RJIOpHI.Ie MaTepllaJIbI no 3CRIIMO-
caM, orpmlPHo YRamy OCHOBHI.Ie KHlIrlI: Rasmussen K. People of the polar North.
L., 1909; Idemo Intellectual culture of the Iglulik Eskimos. Copenhagen, -1929; Idem.
The Netsilik Eskimos. Social life and spiritual culture. Copenhagen, 1931; Idem.
Intellectual culture of the Copper Eskimos. Copenhagen. 1932; Idem. The Mackenzie
Eskimos. Copenhagen, 1942; Idemo The Alaskan Eskimoso Copenhagen, 19520
62 Rainey Fo The whale hunters of Tigara II Anthropol. Pap. Amer. Mus. Natur. Rist.
19470 Vol. 41, pt. 1.
63 CM., Hanpo: C600em Mo R Bonpocy 0 nOBbIllieHllli TO'IHOCTll B JIeKCIIKO-JIIIHrBllCTll-
'IeCROM ]:\aTlIpoBaHIIII II HOBoe B JIllHrBIICTIIRe. M., -19600 BbIn. 1.
6 0630p OTRpI.ITI.IX naMHTHIIKOB II cYlI{eCTByIOII{IIX rlInOTe3 CMo: Bandi H. Uhgeschichte
del' Eskimo. Stuttgart, 1965; (jJaun6epe JIo .110 HaCeJIemIC fpeHJIaH]:\1I1I BO II TI.ICH-
'IeJIeTIIII go H. 3.- I TbICH'IeJIeTIIII H. 3. II OT AJIHCRII ]:\0 OrHeHHOH 3eMJIIIo MCTOplIH
II 3THorpag)llH CTpaH AMepllRiio Mo, 1967; On 3/Ceo O'iepRII 3THll'leCROH llCTOpllll 3a-
py6erRllOrO CeBepa (A mICRa, I'laHa]:\cRaH ApI..TllRa, JIaopa]:\op, fpen:wH]:\IIH). Mo, 1!J71.
65 ]J;OCTaTO'IHO cpaBHIITI. llJIOlI{a]:\I. apeaJIOB CeH'IaC II B XVII B. CM.: l{O.!Leux B. O.
PO]:\OBOII II nJIm.IeHIIOll coCTaB HapO]:\OB CII6IIpII B XVII BeRe II Tp. MH-TIt 3THorpa-
g)IIII AH CCCPo H. C. 19600 To 550
66 ON.wonUK06 Ao no IIpOIllJIOP HKYTlIll ]:\0 nplICoep;IIHemIH R PyC,CROMy rocy apCTBY II
MCTOplIH HKYTIIII. HRYTCK, 1949. T. 1; On 3/Ceo HKYTIIJI ]:\0 npllcoe]:\IIHeHIIH K PyCCKO-
My rOCY)1apCTBY II MCTOpIIH HRYTCROH ACCP. M.; JIo. 1955. To 1-
67 CM.: HOC06 Mo Ho IIpep,KII HKYTOB no IIpe]:\aHIIHM nOTmlROB II C60pHIIR Tpyp;OB IIC-
CJIe]:\OBaTeJII.CROrO 061I{eCTBa «Caxa R3CKIIJI3»0 HRYTCR, -19260 T. 3 Bo.!LO C. N. IIpolli-
JIoe HRYTOB go nplIxo]:\a pyCCRIIX Ha JIeHY (no npegaHIIHM HKYTOB 6I.IBill. HKYTCRO-
1'0 oKpyra) IITp. HaY'Io-llCCJIe]:\. IIH-Ta. npII CHR HACCP. 1937. T. 4.
68 FenKep To JIo R xapaRTepIIcTI1Ke g)H3wrecRoro TlIua HRYTOB 113arro BOCTo-CII60 OT]:\-HllH
pyco reorpo O-Ba. 18960 To III, BI.llio 1; KOH (jJo Ho 1l>1I3IIo.:rorlI'IeCRlIe II 3THO;r0I'll-
'IeCRUe ]:\aHHbIe 06 HRYTax: (AHTpOnOJI. O'IepR). MIIHYCIIHCK, 1899; Mauno6 IIo fl.
HKYTI.I (no MaTepllaJIaM f. JIo feKKepa) II Pyco aHTponoJI. mypH. 1902 0 M 4.
69 JIe6un M. F. AHTpOnOJIOrll'leCRllll TlIll HKyTOB II RpaT. co061I{0 MH-Ta 3THorpag)IIll
AH CCCP. 1947. BbIll. 3; 30.!LOrape6a No M. TeppliTOplIaJII.HbIe BapllaIITbI aHTpono-
JIOrll'IeCROrO TlIna HRYTOB II 8THoreHe3 II 3THII'IeCKaH IICTOplIH Hapo]:\oB CeBepa. M..
1975.
70 A. eKcee6 B. flo, Bene60.!LenCKa5t 10. l{., FOXMan II. II. II gp. AHTpOnOJIOrll'IeCKlle nc-
CJIe]:\OBaHIIH Ha JIeHe II COB. 3THorpag)llH. 19680 M 5.
71 l{e6elf F. (jJ. AHTpOnOJIOrlI'IeCRlle IICCJIC]:\OBaHIIH B RalllllaTCKOii OOJIaCTll.
I
I
I
I
189
72 IIpm,iepoM MOmeT CJIymlITI. BBO HaH rJIaBa RHlIrll «D. II. «DIIJIllHa «06pa30BaHlIe H3bI-
Ra BOCTOTIHbIX CJIaBHH» (M o ; JI., 1962), B ROTopon OCHOBnaH pOJII. B peRoHCTpYRD;lIll
3THoreHeTII'IeCKIIX cIITyaD;IIH nplinlIcI.IBaeTcH JIIIHrBIICTIIRe. Ta me nplI6JIII3IITeJII.HO
CyMMa coo6pameHIIli pa3BHBaeTCH B RH.: ([Ju.lLun ([Jo fl. IIpolIcxomgeHHe pYCCRoro,
YKpalIHCKoro II 6CJIOpyccRoro H3blKOB: I1cT.-glIaJIeRTOJI. O'IepK. JIo, 19720
rrA EOAHTPorro orMH M MCTOPMH
nA EOAHTPonO OrHqECRMHMATEPHAJI
RAR I1CTOPl1qECRIm I1CTOQHHR
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MaeTCH IIsY'IeHIIeM <pIISII'IeCIaIX oco6eHHoCTeH )XpeBHero UaCeJIeHIIH. IIpe):(-
CTaB:reHIIe 06 8TIIX oc06eHHocTHx l\IOmHO nOJIY'IIITb, IICCJIegyH IWCTHble
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B.HTpOrrOl\Wp<pHbIe IIs06pameHIIH, 1I0llie):(IIIIIe P;O Hac, 'IIITaH rrIICbl\IeHHbIe IIC-
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TOJIbKO B nepBOM lIS 8TIIX CJIY'IaeB HSBReRaeMaH IIH<popMaIJ;HH p;OCTaTO'IUO
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6YP;b TO PIICYHOR Ha Ral\IHe II KepaMIIRe IIJIII ROCTHHaH II Ral\IeHHaH CRYJIbn-
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.n.peBHeM eBponeolIp,DoM CBeTJIOBOJIOCOM II CBeTJIOrJIaSOl\I HaCeJIeHlI1I IJ;eHT-
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190
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HCCJIe):(OBaHIIIO. B pesyJIbTaTe COBMeCTHoro npomIIBaHIIH 'IJIeHOB IICTOpII'Ie-
CKII 06pasoBaBmeHcH rpynnbI II SaImIO'IeHIIH Mem)Xy HIIMII 6paRoB Ha npo-
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Tep BHYTpIIrpynnoBoH IISMeH'IIIBOCTII npII3HaROB. IIo):(06HbIe rpynnbI nOJIY-
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II B aHTpOnOJIOrIIII, nOToMY 'ITO norrYJIHIJ;1I1I npe):(CTaBJIHIOT C060H 8JIeMeHTap-
191
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HO II naJIeOaHTpOrrOJIOrlI'IeCKOe IICCJIe):(OBaHIIe HerrpeMeHHO ):(OJImno 6bITb
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nOJIOrII'IeCKIIH MaTeplIaJI nOR a MaJIOnpHrOp;eH P;JIH onpep;eJIeHIIH 'IIICJIeHHOCTII
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MomHO, CYMMIIPYH ,rraHHbIe, nOJIY'IIITb 0606IIJ;eHHoe npe):(CTaBJIeHIIe 06 aHTpo-
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192
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BIICIIMOM OT nOCTopOHHIIX BJIIIHHIIH <pOpl\IIIpOBaHIIII nonYJIHIJ;IIII 8.
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Ha6JIIOJJ;aeTCH SHa'IIITeJIbnOe CXOP;CTBO 3Toro TIIna C TeM aHTpOnOJIOrII'IeCKIIM
BapIIaHTOM, KOTOpbIH sa<pIIKCIIpOBaH B CKII<pCKllX MOrIIJIbHIIKax ITpII'IepHO-
MOpbH 16. CXOP;CTBO 8TO, op;HaKO, ne MomeT 6bITb IIHTepnpeTIIpOBaHO KaK
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npOIIcxomp;eHllII BOCTO'IHOCJIaBHHCKIIX nJIeMeH OT CKII<pOB - TaKaH IIHTeprrpe-
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TaIJ;llH 6bIJIa 6bI CJIIIllIKOM npHMOJIHHeHHOH. Ho HeCOMHeHHO, 'ITO 66JIbIIIaH
'IaCTb HaCeJIeHIIH, npOmllBaBlllerO B IOmHOpYCCKllX CTenHX B cepep;IIHe I TbI-
CH'IeJIeTIIH P;O H. 3., HBJIHeTCH <pIISII'IeCKIIMII npep;KaMII BOCTO'IHOCJIaBHHCKIIX
nJIe1\IeH 8nOXII Cpep;HeBeKOBbH. MeCTHbIe IICTOKII 3THOreHeSa OTOp;BIIraIOTCH,
CJIep;OBaTeJIbHO, 60JIbllle 'IeM Ha TbICH'IY JIeT.
Op;HaKO OHII MOryT 6bITb yrJIy6JIeHbI eIIJ;e 60JIbllle. IIaJIeoaHTpOnOJIOrIIJI
KYJIbTYP 8nOXII 6pOnSbI B CTenHbIX II JIeCOCTenHbIX paHOHaX BOCTO'Ino-EBpO-
neHCKOH paBHIIHbI IISY'IeHa p;OCTaTO'IHO XOpOlliO 17. C He60JIbIIIIIMII MOP;II<pII-
RaIJ;IIHMII HaCeJIeHIIe 3TIIX KYJIbTYP 06HapymIIBaeT TO me CO'IeTaHIIe MOP<PO-
JIOrII'IeCKIIX npIISHaKOB, 'ITO II CKII<pCKIIe nonYJIHIJ;IIII. <VOpMIIpOBaHIIe aHTpo-
nOJIOrII'IeCKIIX oc06eHHOCTeH CKII<pOB npII SHa'IIITeJIbHOM Y'IaCTIIII HaCeJIeHIIH
8nOXII 6pOHSbI, oc06eHHO nosp;HeH 6ponSbI, npep;CTaBJIHeTCH COBepIIIeHHO
neCOMHeHUbIM. TaKIIM 06paSOM, IICTOKII <pOpMIIpOBaHIIH aHTpOnOJIOrII'IeCKOrO
TIIna BOCTO'IHOCJIaBHHCKIIX HapOJJ;OB MorYT 6bITb p;OBeJJ;eHbI P;O cepegIIHbI
II TbICH'IeJIeTIIH P;O n. 3. 8TO OSHa'iaeT, 'ITO aBTOXTOHHble OCHOBbI BOCTO'IHO-
CJIaBHHCKoro 8THoreHesa peKOHCTpYIIPyIOTCH C nOMOIIJ;bIO naJIeOaHTpOnOJIOrII-
'IeCKIIX p;aHHbIX Ha npOTHmeHIIII MIIHIIMYM P;BYX TbICH'IeJIeTIIiI.
rOpHble 06JIaCTII B nOJJ;aBJIHIOIIJ;eM 60JIbIIIIIHCTBe CJIy'IaeB 6bIJIII SOHaMII
IISOJIHIJ;IIII, BbISbIBaBIIIeH rJIy60Kyro 3TnOKYJIbTypHYIO II HSbIKOBYIO p;n<p<pepeH-
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npII1\Iep TaKoII SOHbI C 60JIbIIIIIM pasno06paSIIeM KopeHHbIX HapO):(OB, IIX HSbI-
KOBOH II KYJIbTYPHOH Heop;HopOP;HOCTbIO. HaKOnJIeHHble p;aHnble IICTOpIIKO-
KYJIbTypHoro II JIIIHrBIICTII'IeCKOrO xapaKTepa cBIIgeTeJIbCTBYIOT 0 TOM, 'ITO
npeAKII MHOrIIX COBpeMeHHbIX KaBKaSCKIIX Hapop;OB npIIHeCJIII C C060H HSbIK
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IIJ;ee 60JIbllIIIHCTBO MHOrO'IIICJIeHHbIX KaBKaSCKIIX Hapop;OB rOBopHT ua MeCT-
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KaBRasa 18, II xapaKTepIISYIOTCH B BbICOKOH CTeneHII CneIJ;II<pII'IeCKOH, c<pop-
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nOCTII naJIeOaUTpOnOJIOrIIII KaBKasa p;aJIeKO ne COOTBeTcTByeT 1\IaCIIITa6y Tep-
pIITOpIIII II ee JIaHp;IIIa<pTHoMY pasHo06pasIIIO, n08TOMY B p;aHHOM CJIY'Iae
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HOH 'IaCTII KaBKascKoro xpe6Ta npomIIBaIOT llapO):(bI, Mop<pOJIOrII'IeCKII BeCbMa
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nosp;Hee 06paSOBaHIIe, C<pOpMIlpOBaBIIIeeCH 'IYTb Jill He B 3IIOXY nosp;Hero
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IIbIX paHOHax CeBepHoro KaBKasa II 3aKaBKaSbH B 3noxy 6pOHSbI 22.
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raM' EUIIceH II ero npIITOKOB npOmIIBaJIII JIIOP;II eIIJ;e P;BYX KYJIbTYP 8nOXII
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sanap;HbJe II QeHTpaJIbubJe paHOHbI Ka3axcTaHa, a TaKme IOmHoe IIpII-
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npIIrnegHIerO no CTenUOH nOJIOce C sanap;a.
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HaRO XOTH CpegII KapacyKIJ;eB II 6bIJIa Ue60JIbHIaH MOHrOJIOIIp;HaH npIIl\IeCb,
HO B IJ;eJIOM IIX MO}KHO OTHeCTII K 'Ie TKO BblpameHHbIM eBponeOIIp;aM.
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<pOJIOrn'IeCRIIX npIISHaROB 6bIJIO BbICRasaHO MHeHIIe, 'ITO KapaCYKCKoe Hace-
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a IOro-sana):(Hoe II BOCXO):(IIT B CBoeM reHeSIIce K p;peBHeMY HaCeJIeHllIO Ka-
saXCTaHa II CpeJJ;HeH ASIIII. TOMY 6bIJIII uaH):(eHbI naJIeOaHTpOnOJIOrII'IeCKIIe
p;oKaSaTeJIbCTBa, II rIInOTesa 3Ta IIoJIy'IIIJIa nOJJ;JJ;epmKY B HOBeiIrneH cBop;Ke
no naJIeOaHTpOnOJIOrIIII KapaCYKCROH KYJIbTypbI 28 .
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B MIIHYCIIHCKOH ROTJIOBIIHe B 3noxy nosp;ueH 6pOHSbI nOHBIIJICH eIIJ;e OllIIH
MOIIJ;UbIII MaCCIIB UOBoro HaCeJIeHIIH II, CJIe):(OBaTeJIbHO, nOCJIe nOHBJIeHIIH
a<paHaCbeBQeB sp;eCb IIMeJIa MeCTO yme TpeTbH 06HIIIpHaH MIIrpaQIIH. IIaJIeo-
aHTpOnOJIOrII'IeCKIIH MaTepIIaJI nOSBOJIIIJI npaBIIJIbHO onpeJJ;eJIIITb IICXOgHbIe
paHoHbI II HanpaBJIeHIIe 3TIIX MIIrpaQIIiI.
197
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poe BbIllie 6bIJIO HaSBaHO aUTpOnOJIOrII'IeCIWH P;1I<P<PYSHeH. Pe'Ib Hp;eT 0 npo-
Hcxom):(eHIIII Toro KOMIIOHeHTa B aHTpOnOJIOrII'IeCKOM COCTaBe BOCTO'IHbIX
CJIaBHU, KOTOpbIH ue CBHsaH npeeMCTBeHHO C aUTpOrrOJIOrII'IeCKIIMII oc06eH-
HOCTHMII ):(peBuero aBTOXTOHHoro UaCeJIeHIIH II HBJIHeTCH npHIIIJI])lM. B no-
HIIMaHIIII reHeSIIca 3Toro KOMnOHeHTa BeJIIIKa pOJIb KpaHIIOJIOrII'IeCKIIX JJ;aH-
HbIX no cOBpeMeHHoMy IIJIH 6JIIISKOMY K cOBpeMeHHocTII HaCeJIeHIIIO. IIsy-
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MeTIIcaIIIIII, 'ITO npIIBeJIO K rOJl,WreHIIsaIJ;IIII <pIISII'IeCKOrO Tiina HaCeJIeUIIH II
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i'II'IeCKIIX paSJIII'IIIH Mem):(y HIIMII, a BpeMH 06paSOBaHIIH 3TIIX paSJIII'IIIH
yXOP;IIT B I TbICH'IeJIeTIIe H. 8.
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CIITyaQIIHX naJIeOaHTpOnOJIOrII'IeCKIIH MaTepIIaJI YKaSbIBaeT, HanpOTIIB, Ha
paHuee <pOpMIIpOBaUIIe uapop;a, HanpIIMep KIITaIICKoro. AHTpOnOJIOrII'IeCKIIH
COCTaB RiiTalIQeB IISY'IaJICH Heo):(uoKpaTIIO, II 8TII IICCJIep;OBaHIIH nORaSaJIII
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MY UaCeJIeHIIIO KIITaH He O'IeHb MUOrO'IIICJIeHHbI, HO Bce me onIIcaHO He-
CKOJIbKO cepIIH UeOJIIITII'IeCKOrO BpeMeHII IIS paHOHa IISJIY'IllHbI XyaHX3.
HeoJIIIT 8Toro paHOHa cnpaBeJJ;JIIIBO oIJ;eHIIBaeTcH KaK KOJIbI6eJIb gpeBHeKII-
TaHcKoH QIIBIIJIIIsaIJ;IIII; HeOJIIITII'IeCKOe HaCeJIeHIIe 3Toro paHOHa He 06uapy-
mIIBaeT Mop<p0JIOrII'IeCKIIX OTJIII'IIIH OT cOBpeMeHHoro, II n03TOMY l\Iemp;y
UII:\III MomHO npOBeCTII UllTb reHeTII'IeCKOH npeeMCTBeHHOCTII ua npOTHmeHIIII
nHTII TbICH'I JIeT. IIpII 3TOM IIMeHHO naJIeOaHTpOnOJIOrII'IeCKIIiI MaTepIIaJI
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sa, TaK KaK apXeOJIOrII'IeCKaH npeeMCTBeHHOCTb C HeOJIIITa P;O COBpeMeHHO-
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201
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JIIITa JJ:O COBpeMeHHOCTII u. 8TII Ma TepIIaJIbI ,l],eMOHCTpIIPYIOT IICKJIIO'IIITeJIb-
HYIO cTa6uJIbUOCTb aHTpOIIOJIOrII'IeCKIIX IIpIISHaKOB B p;OJIIIHe HIIJIa II IIOSBO-
JIHIOT paCCMaTpIIBaTb MeCTHOe HaCeJIeHIIe Kamp;OM IICTOpII'IeCKOM 8IIOXII KaK
IIOTOMKOB HaCeJIeHIIH npe):(IIIeCTBYIOIIJ;erO BpeMeHII. HII HaIIIeCTBIIe rIIKCOCOB,
UII nepeXO,l], Ha apa6CKYIO pe'Ib B 3IIOXY cpep;HeBeKOBbH He BbISBaJIII OIQYTII-
MbIX IISMeHeHIIM B aHTpOnOJIOrII'IeCKOM TIIne MeCTHoro HaCeJIeUIIH. COBpe-
MeHHoe apa6CKoe HaCeJIeUIIe ErIInTa CBHsaHO JIIIHrBIICTII'IeCKII II KYJIbTYPHO
C HaCeJIeHIIeM ApaBIIMCKoro nOJIYOCTpOBa - SOHOM apa6CKOM JJ:IIacnopbI B
8IIOXY cpeAHeBeKOBbH, HO <pIISII'IeCKllMII npe)J;KaMII erIIneTCKIIX apa60B 6bIJIII
JIIO)J;II, npomIIBaBIIIIIe B ):(OJIIIUe HIIJIa eIIJ;e B HeOJIIITII'IeCKOe BpeMH. B p;aH-
UOM CJIY'Iae naJIeOaIITpOIIOJIOrII'IeCKHM MaTepllaJI p;aJI BOSMomHOCTb OTOP;BII-
HYTb Ha'IaJIO 8THorenesa apa60HSbI'IHOrO HaCeJIeHIIH ErIInTa MIIHIIMYM ua
IIIeCTb TbICH'I JIeT OT COBpeMeHHOCTII.
TaKIIM 06paSOM, naJIeOaHTpOnOJIOrII'IeCKIIM MaTepIIaJI op;IIHaKOBO 3<p<peR-
TIIBeH B ):(aTIIpOBKe 8THoreHeTII'IeCKIIX npOIJ;eCCOB, Ha'IIIHaH C 3nOXII HeOJIII-
Ta II KOH'IaH nOSJJ:HIIM cpeJJ:HeBeKOBbeM. ConOCTaBJIeHIIe naJIeOaUTpOnOJIOrH'Ie-
CKIIX p;aHHbIX co CBep;eHIIHMII 0 COBpeMeHHOM UaCeJIeHIIII p;aeT BOSMomHOCTb
peROHCTpYIIpOBaTb JIIIHIIII reHeTII'IeCKOM rrpeeMCTBeHHOCTII. HaKoueIJ;, TeppII-
TOpIIaJIbIWe cpaBHeHIIe IIOMoraeT BOCCTaHOBllTb HanpaBJIeHIIe MIITpaQIIOHUbIX
nOTOKOB II OIJ;eHIITb IIX MaCIIITa6bI.
1 IIogp06HbIH 0630p C0061I{eHllH KllTaHCKllx JIeTOlillCeH eM.: FpYM-Fp3/CUMau.ao F. E.
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BOJIOC TYBIIHl\eB B cpaBHIITeJIbHOM OCBelI{eHlIll II AHTpOlID-3ROJIOrll'IeCRl1e IICCJIegoBa-
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lliupORoro apeaJIa OgHOTlIlIHbIX rraMHTHJJ:ROB II BblHBJIeHIIH JIOKaJIbHbIX BaplIaHTOB
BHYTPII 3Toro apeaJIa - Tal.OBbI HMHaH, a6alliCBCRaH II aHgpoHoBCRaH KYJIbTypHO-
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13 Ceooe B. B. BOCTOTIHble CJIaBHHe B VI-XIII BB. M., 1982.
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rrpocaMll II AHTpOlIO-3KOJIOrlllleCRlIe IICCJIe;J:oBaHI1H B TYBeo
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3ARJIIOQEHHE
ABTop rJIy6oKo y6emgeH JI Hap;eeTCH, 'ITO 8TO OT'IeTJIIIBO BblpameHO B O'Iep-
KaX, o6pasYIOIIJ;JIX BTOpyIO 'IaCTb KHllrll: JISY'IeHIIe 8THOreHeSa, BXOp;HIIJ;ee CeM-
'IaC B C<pepy 8THOrpa<pII'IeCKOM HaYKJI, Ha CaMOM p;eJIe BBJIP;Y CJIOmHOCTII II
MHOrOCTOpOHHOCTII rrpOIJ;eCCa, He06xo)J;IIMOCTJI KOMIIJIeKCHOrO K HeMy nop;xop;a
npegcTaBJIHeT C060M npe)XMeT CaMOCTOHTeJIbHOrO IICCJIegoBaHIIH JI p;OJImHO
CTaTb OC060M p;JICIJ;IIrrJIIIHOM, KOTOpaH aKKYMYJIIIpOBaJIa ObI pesyJIbTaTbI pas-
HbIX 06JIaCTelI SHaHIIH, cBogIIJIa JIX B ep;llHOM TeOpeTII'IeCKOM CllHTeSe, orrpe-
p;eJIJIJIa paSpeIIIaIOIIJ;yro CJIJIY paSHbIX BIIgOB llCTOpII'IeCKIIX IICTO'IHIIKOB, pas-
pa60TaJIa MeTogll'IeCKlle rrpOIJ;egypbT IIX llCnOJIbSOBaHIIH. TIoKa 8Ta CaMO-
CTOHTeJIbHaH OOJIaCTb SHaHJIH TOJIbKO CKJIagbIBaeTcH Ha CTbIKe 8TIlOrp a <p IIJI ,
a pxeOJIOrJIll, JICTOpJI'IeCKOM aHTpOrrOJIOrlIll, naJIeOJIJIHrBllCTllKII II llCTOplI'Ie.
CKoro IICTO'IHllKOBep;eHJIH, CKJIagbIBaeTcH B OCHOBHOM B xop;e JISY'IeHllH KOHK-
peTHbIX 8THoreueSOB, XOTH JI BbI}J;BIIHYJIa yme HeROTOpbIe TeOpeTJI'IeCKIIe rro-
JIOmeHJIH P;OBOJIbHO BbICORoro ypOBHH o606IIJ;eHJIH KOHRpeTHbIX 8MrrJIpJI'IeCRJIX
p;aHHbIX.
KaR 6yp;eT HaSbIBaTbCH 8Ta o6JIacTb SHaHIIH? 8THorOHIreM? TepMJIH no-
HBIIJICH B 30-40-x rO)J;ax, IIHorp;a BbIIIJIbIBaeT H CeM'IaC, HO ynoTpe6JIHeTCH B
llHOM SHa'ieHIIJI II gOBOJIbHO pep;KO, BJIP;llMO, lis-sa CBoeM JICRYCCTBeHHOCTII.
8THoreIIeSOOJIOrlleII? 8TO rrOJIHOCTbID COOTBeTCTBOBaJIO 6bI npe):(MeTY IICCJIego-
BaHIIH - «Y'IeHIIe 0 IIpoIIcxomgeHIIJI HapO)J;OB», HO TepMJIH npJI BceM CBoeM
CMbICJIOBOM TO'IHOCTII rpoMosgOR II, IIOmaJIYM, HeYRJIIOm. OJJ:HaRO geJIO, pa-
SyMeeTCH, He B TepMllHe, XOTH JI 3TO BamHO, a B cogepmaTeJIbHOM CTopOHe
HOBOM )XIICIJ;IInJIIIHbI, B ooOraIIJ;eHllII r.reTOp;OJIOrll'IeCROM JI MeTogH'IeCKOM 6aSbI
HaymI 06 8THoreHese, KOTopaH nOKa eIIJ;e p;eJIaeT rrepBbIe rnarlI.
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MHoro II cO)J;epmaTeJIbHO HarrJICaHO 1, n08ToMy yme caMO BbIHBJIeHlle ero
ROMrrOHeHTOB B CllHXpOHHOM cpese, B KaROM-TO IICTOpII'IeCmIM MOMeHT CY-
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BgIIaxpoHHOM rrogxop;e I{ 8THII'IeCRoMgllHaMIIKe, B npOCJIemJIBaHIIll reHeTII-
'IeCRIIX IICTOROB BbIHBJIHeMbIX BHYTPII Hapoga CTPyRTYPHbIX KOMrrOHeHTOB.
)J,onOJIHllTeJIbHaH TPYJJ:HOCTb cosgaeTcH pasHoxapaRTepHocTbIO CaMJIX JICTOKOB.
qTO BamHee P;JIH onpegeJIeHIIH reHeSIIca - HerrpepbIBHoe reHeTII'IeCROe pO)J;-
CTBO B pHJJ:e nOKOJIeHIIM, T. e., HHbIMII CJIOBaMJI, 6IIOJIOrII'IeCKaH rrpeeMCTBeH-
HOCTb, ROTOpyIO aBTOp, rrOmaJIYM, IIepeOIJ;eHIIBaJI B CBOIIX paHHllX pa60Tax,
IIJIII HSbIKOBaH rrpJIHa)J;JIemHOCTb, KYJIbTypa, car.IOCOSHaHJIe II HeRoTopble
IIHble QeHHOCTHble oplleHTaQIIJI B 8THII'IeCROM nCJIXOJIDrllJI? 8Tll JI pHP; p;py_
rIIX nOD:OOUbIX BonpOCOB eIIJ;e npe,1J;CTOIIT peIIIIITb.
IIcRJIlO'IIITem>Ho BamHbI B CBH3II C 8TDoreIIeTII'IeCROM peRoHcTpYRIJ;JIeM
JJ:Be np06JIeMbI, CBHsaHHble Melli)J;Y COOOM, HO B TO me BpeMH JIMeIOIIJ;JIe II ca-
MOCTOHTeJIbHOe SHa'IeHIIe, - onpeJJ:eJIeHUe HllmHeM rpaHJIIJ;bI XpOHOJIOrII'Ie-
CKOM r JIy6IIHbI Tex IIJIJI JIHbIX p;aHHbIX, llCnOJIbsyeMbIx B Ka'IeCTBe 8THoreHe-
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p;aHHbIX, BKJIlO'IaIOIIJ;aH, KOIIe'IHO, II IIX 8THoreHeTD'IeCKYIO peTpOCneRTJIBY.
llTO KacaeTCH onpegeJIeHIIH XpOHOJIOrII'IeCROM rJIy6JIHbI CaMJIX p;aHHbIX, TO
CJIep;yeT IIMeTb B BIIgy, 'ITO OHa lIe cOBnagaeT llJIll He nOJIHOCTbIO COBnap;aeT
C XpOHOJIOrII'IeCKOM rJIy6HHoM 8THOreHeTII'IeCKOM peROHCTpYKIJ;lllI. ApxeoJIorJI-
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JIOCb BblIIIe, JIJIJIIOCTPIIPYIOT BeCb IICTOpJI'IeCRJIM npoQecc B IJ;eJIOM, Ha'IllHaH
C caMbIX paHHJIX ero 8TanOB, no He HeCYT HenocpegcTBeHHOM 8THJI'IeCKOM
JIH<popMaIJ;IIII, OHa JISBJIeKaeTCH JIHIIIb KOCBeHHbIM nYTeM.
204
TaKOM rrYTb, TeOpenl'IeCml nOJIHOCTbIO onpaBIJ;aHHbIM, He npJIBO}J;JIT, O}J;-
naKO, K O}J;nOSHa'IHbIM peSYJIbTaTaM. CKameM, aBTOp rrbITaJICH aprYMenTIlpO-
BaTb naJIII'IIIe 8THII'IeCKOM }J;II<p<pepeHIJ;IIaIJ;IIJI Ha'iJIHaH C 8rrOXII HJImHero
naJIeOJIIlTa, npaKTJI'IeCml C ca
IbIX nepBbIX rnarOB 'IeJIOBe'IeCTBa nOCJIe BbI)J;e-
JIeHIIH lIS mIIBOTHoro MJIpa 2. Ho ero TO'IKa spenIIH CTOJIT cKopee OCOOHH-
KOM, )J;PyrJIe IICCJIegoBaTeJIII OTHOCHT Ha'IaJIO 8THooopaSOBaHJIH K oOJIee nosg-
HIIM 3rroxaM '. TIoKa He ygaJIOCb HaMTJI TBepgbIe JI )J;orrYCKaIOIIJ;JIe npOBepKY
KpJITepIIII, C rrOMOIIJ;bIO KOTOpbIX Bonpoc r.romeT ObITb perneH ogHoSHa'iHO.
KaSaJIOCb ObI, gocTaTO'IHO nOJIHaH JI OO'beKTJIBHaH IIH<popMaIJ;IIH 00 8THJI-
'IeCKOM }J;JI<p<pepeHIJ;IIaIJ;JIII norra)XaeT B HarnJI PYKII Ha'IIIHaH C rrOHBJIeHIIH
MaCCOBbIX nJICbMeHHbIX IICTO'IHJIKOB, T. e. C III TbICH'IeJIenm )J;O H. 3. Ho II
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CKOM gII<p<pepeHIJ;IIaIJ;llII IIJIII K KaKOM <popMe 8THJI'IeCKOM OOIIJ;HOCTII 8TJI
8THOHIIMbI MOryT ObITb npIIypO'IeHbI. B }J;aHHOM CJIY'Iae Y}J;OBJIeTBOpJITeJIbHaH
II 60JIee IIJIJI r.renee O)J;HOSHa'IHaH JICTOpll'IeCKaH peKOHCTpYKIJ;llH game goc-
TIIraeTCH Ha oOJIee OJIIISKOM K COBpeMeHHOCTJiI JI XpOHOJIOrII'IeCKJI oOJIee nos}J;-
HeM OTpeSKe BpeMeIIII, 'IeM IICTOpII'IeCKOe BpeMH, K KOTOpOMy OTHOCIITCH
caMO Ha'IaJIO IIH<pOplVIaIJ;IIOHHOro nOTOKa, BbITeKaIOIIJ;erO lIS IISY'IeHIIH Tex
JIJIJI llHbIX MaTepllaJIOB. BeCbMa BepOHTHO, 'ITO B 06IIJ;eM <popMe cnpaBe)J;JIIl-
BbIM OKameTCH npeJJ;IIOJIOmeHlle, COrJIaCHO KOTOPOMY 8<p<peKTIIBIIaH 3THore-
HeTII'IeCKaH peKoIIcTpYKQIIH C nOMoIIJ;bIO Tex IIJIII IIHbIX iJ,aHHblx npIIYpO'III-
BaeTCH K oOJIee nosgHeMy BpeMeHll, 'IeM XpOHOJIOrll'IeCKaH rJIyoIIHa CaMJIX
}J;aHHbIx.
IIepexogH K rrp06JIeMe cpaBrnITeJIbHOM 8<p<peKTIIBHOCTJI pasHblx BJI}J;OB
gaHHbIx, llCnOJIbsyeMbIx B 8THoreHeTII'IeCKIIX peKoHcTpYKIJ;JIHX, CJIegyeT
nO)J;'IepKHYTb, 'ITO perneHJIe 8TOM npOOJIeMbI SaBJICJIT OT OIJ;eHKII cpaBHIITeJIb-
Horo SHa'ieHIUI Tex IIJIII JIHbIX KOMIIOHeHTOB 8THoca JI ero OCHOBHbIX npIIsHa-
KOB. B 8THorpa<pIIll, JICTOpII'IeCKOM }J;eMorpa<pIIII JI COIJ;IIOJIIIHrBJICTJIKe rrpo-
gOJImaeTCH )J;IICKyCCllH 0 TOM, 'ITO HBJIHeTCH orrpe}J;eJIHIOIIJ;llM B BbI}J;eJIeHJIll
Hapoga - HSbIK, caMOCOSlIalIIle, HapogHaH KyJIbTypa II T. }J;. He npIIBogH
MHOrO'IIICJIeHHOM JIIITepa TYPbI, B 'IeM HeT B )J;aHHOM KOHTeKCTe Heooxo}J;JIMO-
CTll, OTMe'IY JIllIIIb, 'ITO IIOKa Bonpoc peIIIaeTcH B saBIICIIMOCTJI OT IInOCTaSJI-
pOBaHIIH O)J;IIoro JIS nepe'IIICJIeHHbIX IIJIM eIIJ;e II gpyrllx 8JIeMeIITOB 8THII'Ie-
cKoll cneIJ;JI<pIIKII. Mem)J;Y TeM Tenepb yme cOBeprneHHo O'IeBIIJJ:HO. 'ITO B
6ygyIIJ;eM MomeT ObITb nocTpoena O}J;HOSHa'iHaH CIICTeMa CrreIJ;ll<pll'IeCKIIX oco-
oeHHocTeM JII060ro Hapoga, B COOTBeTCTBIIJI C JIepapXIIeM KOTOpOM nOCJIe}J;o-
BaTeJIbIIO pacrrpegeJIHIOTCH pasHbIe Bll)XbI IICTOpJI'IeCKIIX IICTO'IHJIKOB, nOSBO-
JIHIOIIJ;IIX OCYIIJ;eCTBJIHTb 8THoreHeTII'IeCKIIe peKoHcTpYKIJ;llII. TIYTb K cosgaHJIIO
TaKoII CIICTeMbI, no MlIeHllIO aBTopa, JIemIIT B }J;aJIbHeMrneM 060raIIJ;eHIIII na-
IIIero nOHIIMaHIIH KOHKpeTHbIx 8THorenesoB, K paccMoTpeHIIIO KOTOpbIX C rro-
MOIIJ;bIO IICTopIIKo-aHTpOnOJIOrlI'IeCKJIX MaTepJIaJIOB MbI JI nepexogJIM.
1 CM., Hanp., RH.: BpOM.aeu 10. B. OTHOC II :JTHorpag)IIH. Mo, 1973; On 3/Ce. COBpeMeHHI,Ie
npo6JIe
n,I 3THorpag)lIlI: O'iepIUI TeOp111I 11 IICTOplI11. Mo, 1981; On 3/Ce. O'iepRI1 TeOp111I
3THoca. M., 1983.
2 A.aeKceee B. II. 0 CaMOM paHHeM :JTane pacoo6pa30BaHHJ! H :JTHOreHOOa 1/ OTHOC B
O-
RJIaCCOBmI II paHHeRJIaCCOBOM 06II{eCTBe. Mo, 1982.
3 CM., Hanp., .n:pyrl1e CTaTbli B TOll me RHlIre.
"lJacTb TpeTMI
MCTOPMRO-AHTPorrO
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lJeCHIIX II XpOHOJIOrI1lJeCRIIX rpaHIIll, TeMhI. XpOHOJIOrIIlJeCRU MbI OrpaHIIlJII-
BaeM ce6H VII - III BB. p:o H. 3. (sa IICRJIlOlJeHIIeM OT)J,eJIbHbIX CJIYlJaeB Ha-
JIH
IHH 60JIee rrosp;HIIX p;aHnbIX II BOSMomIIOCTII IIX 3RcTparro:IJIll,IIII), IIOTOMY
1JTO UMenHO B 3TOM XpOHOJIOrIIlJeCHOM p;uaIIaSOHe MomllO rOBopIITb 0 1JeTRO
apXeOJIOrII1JeCRII BblpameHHoM OTHOCIITeJIbHO ep:I1HOM HYJIbType B Mem):(ypelJbe
AHerrpa- AOHa, CHH<pCHOM B Y3ROM CMbICJIe CJIOBa, U 0 SnalJHTeJIhHOM RYJIb-
TypHOM Cxop:CTBe co CRU<pCHOM KYJIbTYPOM, apXeOJIOrII
reCHII BCHpbIBaeMoM Ha
orpOMIIhIX CTerrHblX npocTopax Ha BOCTOR OT apeaJIa cRII<lJOB, BIIJIOTb )J,O
EHuceH. IIoCJIe):(Hee COOTBeTcTByeT lJaCTO YIIoTpe6JIJIeMoMY nOHJITIIlO CHU<pO-
cII6upCROM 06IQHOCTII.
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CTeIIHhIe JIaIIp;rna<pThI, C lOra - nOJIyrrYCThIHHhIe U IIYCThIHnble. B ll,eJIOM OHJiI
06pasYlOT 3ROJIOrII1JeCHyro HIIrny, JIII60 6JIarOIIpIIHTHYlO P;JIJI paSBIITIIH ROlJe-
Boro CHOTOBO):(CTBa, JIII60 Bo06m;e HpHrop:HYlO P;JIJI OCBOeHUJI lJeJIOBeHOM
TOJIbHO IIPH paSBIITHH 3Toro HarrpaBJIeHHH XOSHMCTBeHHOM p;eJITeJIbHOCTII.
feorpa<pUlJeCHIIe IIpep;eJIbI 3TOM 3ROJIOrUlJeCROM Hurnu CTOJIb orpOMHbI II B
TO me Bpe
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HhIHe B orpoMHhIM IIeClJaHhIM MaCCIIB 2.
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206
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PIIC. 12. I'eorpaq,II'leCROe pacnpOCTpalIeHlle JIaHArnaq,ToB cTeneii II nYCTbIRb EBpa31111 II
pacnpocTpaHeHIIe 1I1OrllJIbHIIROB, )J.aBllillX naJIeOaHTpOnOJIOrIPIeCKIrif MaTepllaJI (reHepamI-
30BaHO no KHllre: cDu3I1Ro-reorpaq,II'IeCKIrif: aTJIaC lIHIpa. M., 1964. C. 75)
a - MOrHJIbHHR; 6 - cOBoh-ynHocTb MHorHX MOrH.TIbHHROB
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rapCROM RYJIbTYp:bI 9. AnaJIOrII'IH:bIM RYJIbTYPH:bIM ROMnJIeRC IISBeCTeH U B
TYBe 10. Ho HaR pas B TYBe B 3'1'0 BpeMJI <pIIRcIIpyeTCJI Om;YTIIMaJI MOHro-
JIOUp;HaJI npIIMeCb ", ROTOpaJI cJIa60 npOCJIemUBaeTCJI B HaCeJIeHIIH Tarap-
207
.
1
CROM HYJIbTYPhI. Em;e p;aJIbrne Ha BOCTOH M:bI rronap;aeM B apeaJI paCCeJIeHUJI
rrpep;CTaBUTeJIeiI MOHrOJIOIIp;HOM paCbI 12 . OTJIIIlJaeTCH 3'1'0'1' apeaJI U HYJIb-
TYPHO 13. OlJeBII,IW0, EmIceM COCTaBJIHJI B npe,LWJIax IOmHoM CII6upII Py6em
npOHIIHHOBeHIIH eBpOIIeOII)J,OB B BOCT01JIIOM HarrpaBJIeHIIII II ero MomHO YC-
JIOBHO rrpIIHHTb sa BOCT01JHYlO rpaHIIll,y paCCMaTpUBaeMOM rraMU TeppUTopUII,
XOTJI rparUIll,a 3Ta MeHee lJeTRaH, lJeM sarrarrHaJI, II MhI 6YJJ,eM BhIHym));eHhI
BhIX0,LWTb 3a ee Upep,eJIhI.
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aHTpOrrOJIOrII'IeCmIX M3Teplia.rrOB II3 UHTepeCYlOm;eM Hac SOHhI yme HaROnJIeH
pJI)); naOJIlOp;eUUM reHeTU1JeCHOrO xapaRTepa. Em;e A. II. Bor)J,aHOB OTMeTIIJI
p;JIIIHHOrOJIOBOCTb lJeperrOB, rrpOIICXOP;JIIll,IIX us CRII<pcmn MOrIIJI YHpaIIHhI,
II CXOP;CTBO IIX co CJIaBJIHCHIIMII 14. Ero BhIBOP; 6bIJI rrop;TBepmp;eH f. $. ,l];e-
6eIJ;OM, OIIIIcaBrnIIM CRII<pCRue MaTeplIaJIbI lIS Cpep;Hero IIpII;:J;IIerrpOBbJI II
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r. <P. ,l];e6ell,OM) II crrell,uaJIbHaJI rry6JIURall,IIH no lJepenaM H3 YJIaH)J,phIRa 65.
Ms nOCJIe):(Hero MOrIIJIbHIIHa IIMeeTCJI )J,onOJIHIITeJIbHbIM IIaJIeOaHTpOnOJIOrulJe-
CHUM MaTepIIaJI II3 pacHorroR B. ,l];. Ry6apeBa nOCJIep;HIIX JIeT, rrORa Re
OIIIIcaHHbIM II xpanHm;IIMCJI B MHCTHTYTe UCTOPUII, <pIIJIOJIOrIIH U <pIIJIOCO<pIIH
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TazapcKaR KYJlbTypa (XaKaccnaR aeT. o6Jl.). 8'1'0 TOT pep:RIIM B naJIeOaH-
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Heop;HoHpaTHo OTMelJaJIUCh 66, HO Mop<p0JIOrUlJeCHU OHU HeSHalJUTeJIbHbI,
He HOCJIT HarrpaBJIeHHOrO xapaRTepa II reorpa<pU1JeCHU MaJIOOTlJeTJIUBhI, no-
3TOMY IIHTeprrpeTall,IIJI IIX Bcerp:a BbIShIBaJIa P;HCHYCCIIlO, He IIOJIyqIIBrnYIO
O;'),HOSHalJHOrO pasperneHUH P;O CUX rrop. To me, BnpOlJeM. MomHO nOBTopIITb
U npo apXeOJIOrIIlJeCHIIe BapIIaHTbI BHYTPII 'I.'arapCRoII HYJIbTyphI 67 . B 06m;eM
HecMoTpH Ha Bce OTMe IeHHbIe Mop<pOJIOrIIlJeCHIIe paSJIU H, OlJeBIIp;HO, lJTO
no):(aBJIJIlOm;ylO Maccy TarapcRoro HaCeJIeHUJI Ha Bcex 3Tarrax ero pa3BUTUJI
COCTaBJIJIJIII )J,JIIIHHOrOJIOBbIe YMepeHHo MaCCIIBRbIe eBpoIIeoIIp;bI, lJTO :II Haxo-
,L\UT oTpameHIIe B 06m;ux cpep;HIIx no rpoMa):(HoM TarapcHoM cepIIII, Haxo)J,JI-
meilcJI HbIHe B HarneM pacnopHmeHUH 68. OHII II <PurYPIIpyroT B Ta6JIIID;ax
214
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.JIHll,UU, HOHelJHO, YC OBHO.
BbIrne yme 6bIJIO YIIOMHHYTO 06 Om;Y'I.'IIMOM Mop<po OrUlJeCROM cBoe06pa-
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MHTHUHII B TYBe. A06aB 1O, lJTO HS HIIX rrOJIYlJeH rpoMap;HbIH IIO 06'beMY II
pa3II006paSHhIM rro HY bTypHOH npIIHap; emHocTu na eoaHTpOnOJIOrIIlJeCKHH
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CIIX rrop. ITpep;rneCTBYlOm;ne IICCJIe)J,OBaHIIJI BbIJIBU H He 'I.'OJIbRO Mop<po orH-
1JeCROe cBoe06paSIIe TYBIIHCRoro HaCe eHIIJI CRII<pCRoro BpeMeHU no cpaBHe-
HHlO C TarapCHIIM, HO II ero saMeTHbIM RpaHIIO OrIIlJeCRUM nO IIMop<pHSM 69.
II pu Ha UlJIIU TaRoro IIOJIIIMOP<PUSMa, OlJeBU)J,IIoro yme IIO HMelOm;UMCJI 1J:pes-
BbIlJalIHO OrpaHIIlJeHHhIM <paHTIIlJeCHUM p;aHHhIM, MomHO omIIp;aTb, lJTO HOBbIe
06II bHhIe MaTepua bl, yme P;06bITble paCRorrRaMU U mp;ym;He uCCJIep;OBaTe b-
CROll 06pa60TRII, cym;ecTBeHHo pacrnnpHT Harnu 3HaHHJI 06 aHTponO OrIIqe-
CHOM COCTaBe Hace eHnH TYBhI B CRII<pCRoe BpeMJI, a B 3TUX 06CTOHTe bCTBax
JI106aJI 3HCTparrO JIll,IIH IIH<popMall,IIII, rrO Y1JeHHOM Ha OCHOBe IISYlJeHIIH He-
60JIbrnOrO MaTepIIaJIa lIS op;Horo H H p:ame HeCHOJIbRUX MOrUJIbHIIHOB, Ha TYBY
B ll,e oM 6yp;eT HenpaBoMepHoM. IT03TOMY BCH np06JIeMa na eoaHTpOIIOJIOrIIII
TYBhI II MOHro IIu B CHII<pcRoe BpeMJI OCTaBJIeHa B p;aHHoM cJIYlJae sa npe-
p;e aMu paccMOTpeHUJI )J,o CIIell,IIaJIbHOrO IICCJIep;OBaHHJI, HOTopoe onnpaJIOCb
6bI Ha opIIrIIHa hHhle BHOBb )J,06bITbIe p;aHHhIe.
PacrrpocTpaHeHue MorII bHuROB, HS ROTOpbIX IIpOHCXO)J,JIT IICnOJIbSOBaHHMe
cepuII, rrORa3aHO Ha pIIC. 12. Cpep;HIIe no cepIIHM CYMMIIpOBaHbI B Ta6 . 3, 4.
IIporpaMMa IIsMepeHIIM CTaHp;apTHa II nOlJTU ll,eJIIIHOM orrpe)J,e He'l.'CJI Ha60-
pOM rrpII3HaROB, 06:bI1JHO <PIIrYPUpYlO1I1;HX B COBeTCRIIX RpaHIIO OrU1JeCRIIX
rry6 IIRall,HJIX noc e)J,HUX JIeT, I1CKJIlOlJeHIIe COCTaBJIHlOT BhIlJHC eHHhIe IIO
cpep;HHM lJepeIIHOM U IIll,eBOH MOP;Y U - reOMeTpIIlJeCRIIe cpep;Hue Tpex lJe-
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reorpa<pUlJeCRIIM MeTOp;, T. e. paCCMO'I.'peHIIe JiI Oll,eHRa 3aROHOMepHOC'I.'eH B
reorpa<pIIlJeCHOll IISl\IeHlJIIBOCTU OTp;e bHbIx IIpIISHaROB, rnupORO I1CIIOJIbsye-
MhIM BO MHorIIX aHTporrO OrIIlJeCRIIX pa60Tax, 06HapymIIBaeT <peHOTHnII1Je-
CHIIe pa3JIUlJIIJI Memp;y cpaBHuBaeMhIMu rpYIInaMH U )J,aeT HapJI)J,Y c. HeROTO-
pbIMH )J,onOJIHIITe bHbIMH TeOpeTIIlJeCKHMU co06pameHUJIMU MaTepUaJI P; JI
IIOCTpoeHIIH reHea.TIOrITlJeCHUX rIInOTes. Op;HaHO crr ornHoe HapTorpa<pupOBa-
HIIe Bcex IIpep;CTaB eHHbIx B rrporpaMMe rrpIISHaROB IIrneHO CMbIc a, 'I.'aH HaR
no MHorUM lIS HIIX cpaBHHBaeMhIe rpyrrrrbI JIII60 3aBep;OMO He paSJIUlJalOTCJI,
JIu60 paSJIUlJIIH Memp,y HIIMU He BblXOP;HT sa paMRII CJIYlJaMHbIX.
BhI60p npIISHaROB )J, H HapTorpa<pupOBaHIIH npep;rro araeT np0ll,ep;yPY
Oll,efIHU UX U3MeH1JnBOCTII. MomHo 6hWO 6hI P;YMaTb, lJTO caM pa3Max HSMeH-
lJIIBOCTII, T. e. aMrr IITYD,hI Ho e6aHUM 0'1' MJilHIIMYMa P;O MaHcuMYMa, noc y-
lliIIT I e HM TaROM Oll,eHHII, HO Mop<pO OrII1JeCRIIM CMbICJI, a r aBHoe, a6co-
JIlOTHaJI Be UlJIIHa IIpII3HaHOB C IIrnHOM paSJIUlJHbI, lJT06bI HX Ho e6aHHJI
MomHO 6hWO cpaBHUBaTh BnpJIMYlO (Ta6 . 5, 6). qacTo rrO bSYlOTCJI OTHO-
rnerrIIeM aMn IITY)J,bI Ro e6aHull rrpHSHaHa R HaHMeHbrneM Be UlJnHe, sa<pHR-
cIIpoBaHHoM B cpaBlIIIBaeMhIX rpynnax, HO, nOMIIMO '1.'01'0 lJTO Ha SHaMeHaTe b
p;eMcTBYlOT CJIYlJaMHbIe IIpIIlJIIHbI, BJIHJIHUe HOTOpbIX He bSJI YlJeCTb, saBe)J,OMO
IISBeCTHO, 1JTO paSMepbI C MaJIOM a6COJIlOTHOM Be U1J:MHOH BapbupYlOT ropas-
;'),0 60 ee SHalJIITe bHO, lJeM C 60JIbrnoll. )J;eMcTBIITe bHo, H B HarneM CJIYlJae
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215
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1. IIpOAOJIbHbIM AIIaMeTp 187,0 (18) 180,5(4) 188,5(16) 184,8 (23) 185,6 (66) 185,4 (65) 185,5 (23) 178,2(6)
8. IIonepe'IHbIM AilaMeTp 139,5 (18) 138,8 ( ) 139,8(15) 139,2 (24) 139,8 (66) 139,5 (62) 140,2(24) 144,3(6)
17. BbIcoTHbrn AuaMeTp OT 6a3uoHa 134,7 (14) 128,0 (1) 136,1 (9) 134,6 (17) 133,9 (62) 135,7 (41) 132,0 (13) 132,0(2)
8 : 1. qepenHoii Ylm3aTeJIL 74,7 (18) 76,9 (4) 74,8 (15) 75,2 (23) 75,4(66) 75,4 (62) 75,5 (23) 81,3 (6)
!i-
1.8.17. LlepellHoM MOAYJIL 152,0 * 147,5 * 153,1 * 1:>1,3 * 151,5 * 152,0 * 150,9 * 150,3 *
9. HauMeHbIIIaJI IIIupuIIa JI6a 97,1 (19) 97,0(5) 98,5(13) 95,0(23) 96,6 (69) 9(\,2 (60) 98,8 (23) 97,6 (7)
32. ¥roJI JI6a 80,1 (15) 83,6(5) 85,2 (8) 81,7(20) 83,6 (63) 83,8 (42) 82,3(11) 79,0(3)
5. .D:JIIlHa OCHOBaHIIH 'Iepena 101,6 (15) - 103,1 (9) 100,4 (17) 101,0(59) 102,2 (:15) 101,4(13) 105,0(2)
40. .D:JIUHa OCHOBaHIIJI JIul\a 96,1 (15) - 97,5 (8) 96,2(14) 96,6(58) 97,2 (23) 99,5(10) 98,0(2)
40 : 5. ¥Ka3aTem, BbIcTynaHUJI JIul\a 94,6(15) - 94,3 (8) 95,5(14) 95,8 (56) 95,7 (13) 97,1 (10) 93,4(2)
45. CII:YJIOBaJI IIIHpUHa 133,3(15) 132.,4 (5) 135,1 (10) 132,9 (23) 133,1 (fi5) 133,1 (50) 133,7 (13) 139,8(5)
45 : 8. I'0pu30HTaJIbHbIii iPal\IIOl\epe6paJIbHbIii: 96,2 (17) 94,6 (4) 96,6 * 96,4 (22) 95,3 (65) 95,2(47) 95,4 * 96,8 *
YKa3aTeJIb
48. BepXHJIJI BbICOTa milIa 71,7 (18) 70,8(5) 71,2(11) 69,7 (21) 71,6 (68) 71,3 (53) 72,4(19) 74,4 (5)
48 : 17. BepTUKaJIbHbIM iPal\uol\epe6paJIbHbIii: YKa- 52,9 (15) 59,4(1) 52,3 * 51,8 (15) 53,5(61) 53,3 (34) 54,8 * 58,8 (2)
3aTeJIb
48 : 45. BepxHIIii JIUl\eBOM Ylm3aTeJIb 53,2(15) 53,6 (5) 54,5 (8) 52,1 (20) 53,7 (64) 53,6(44) 53,1 (11) 53,2 (5)
tf 45.48. JIIIIWBOii MOAYJIb 97,8* 96,8* 98,1 * 96,2* 97.,6 * 94,9 * 98,4 * 102,0*
51. IIInpuHa Op6HTbI OT rof (JIeB.) 41,7 (15) 41,2 (5) 41,6 (5) 41,3 (21) 41,3 (68) 40,7 (54) 42,5(17) 45,6(5)
52. BbIcoTa Op6HTbI (JIeB.) 32,6(16) 33,8(5) 32,5 (12) 32,9 (21) 32,9 (68) 32,9 (57) 33,3 (18) 35,9 (5)
52 : 51. Op6HTIIbIi'I YKa3aTeJIb OT rof (JIeB.) 78,3(15) 82,0(5) 79,0(5) 79,8 (21) 80,2(68) 81,0(53) 78,9 (5) 73,4 (6)
54. IIIHpHna Hoca 25,2 (16) 24,8(5) 24,3 (9) 24,9(19) 24,8 (68) 24,8 (52) 25,4 (17) 27,2 (5)
55. BbIcoTa HOca 51,5 (18) 50,0(5) 50,0(10) 50,0(20) 51,5 (67) 50,7 (51) 51,8(18) 55,4(5)
54: 55. HOCOBOii: YII:a3aTeJIb 49,0(16) 49,8 (5) 48,8 (9) 49,8 (19) 48,9(67) 48,9 (50) 48,7 (16) 49,1 (5)
72. 06ll\Hll yrOJI JIHl\a 87,7 (15) 84,0(5) 85,5 (8) 85,5 (18) 85,6 (61) 84,6 (34) 84,4(12) 88,3 (3)
74. ¥roJI aJIbBeOJIHpUoii qaCTII JIIIl\a 77,7 (15) 81,0(4) 83,5 (2) 82,2(14) 83,2 (55) 82,1 (30) 76,0(4) 79,0(3)
75 (1). ¥roJI HOCOBbIX IwcTeii K JIHHHH npoiPIlJIJI 31,8 (12) 32,5 (2) 35,6 ( 10) 32,8 (12) 32,4 (50) 29,8 (27) 32,6 (9) 25,3 (3)
77. Ha30MaJIHpIIbIii yroJI 135,4(17) 138,2 (5) '140,7 (4) 13(\,7(20) 137,2 (64) 137,6 (51) 139,6 (13) 144,6(4)
Lzro'. 3nroMaKCHJIJIHpHbUi yroJI 125,5 (14) 130,5(4) 130,0(3) 124,0 (18) 125,5 (64) 124,,6 (33) 127,5(13) 133,6 (4)
DS. .D:arl:pHaJIbUan BbICOTa 14,0(13) 11,5 (2) 12,0(3) 13,8 (7) 12,9 (38) 12,5(12) 12,7 (13) 11,6 (2)
DS : DC. .D:arl:pHaJIbHbIii Yll:a3aTeJIb 65,9 (13) 58,0(2) 57,6 (3) 59,5 (7) 57,3 (38) 56,2 (12) 57,3 (13) 58,7 (2)
SC. CHMOTH'IeClmH IJLICOTa 6,1 (13) 4,2 (3) 4,5 (5) 4,3 (15) 4,7 (60) 4,3(44) 4,7 (14) 3,8 (5)
SS: SC. CHMOTHqeClmii: YII:a3aTeJIb 61,4 (13) 51,9 (3) 51,1 (5) 52,3 (15) 56,1 (60) 48,3(44) 48,0(14) 51,9 (5)
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1. IIpOAOJIbHbIH AuaMeTp 188,0 (7) 178,4 (8) 184,3 (6) 186,7 (7) 194,5(13) 189,8 (5) 183,9 (7) 186,9 (319)
8. IIOrrepe'IIIbIH ,[\uaMeTp 150,4 (7) 142,7 (8) 139,7 (7) 132,9 (7) 133,8 (13) 147,8 (5) 144,1 (7) 140,6 (293)
17. BbICOTIIbIii ,[\uaMeTp OT oa3uoHa 143,7(3) 130,0 (7) 141,7 (6) 136,3 (6) 134,3 (9) 135,8(5) 135,2 (6) 135,9(256)
8 : 1. 1Iepemloii YKa3aTeJIb 79,9 (7) 80,1 (8) 75,7 (6) 71,1 (7) 68,9 (13) 78,0(5) 78,6 (7) 75,3 (285)
V-
1.8.17. lIeperrlloH MOAym> 159,6 * 149,0 * 153,9 * 150,1 * 151,8 * 156,1 * 153,0 * 152,8 *
\}. HauMeIIbIIIaH IIIIIpIIHa JIoa 98,9 (7) 98,9 (8) 99,2 (6) 91,5 (6) 94,9 (9) 101,4(5) 96,4 (7) 98,8 (346)
3 . YroJI JIoa 82,0(4) 78,0(8) 83,5 (4) 81,3 (6) 79,4 (8) 80,8(4) 84,5(6) 82,3 (252)
5. AmIHa OCHonamIH 'Iepena 109,0(3) 102,0(7) 101,2(5) 102,2 (5) 107,2(10) 106,2 (4) 102,8 (6) 105,0(258)
40. AmIIIa OCIIonaHUH JII1l\a 101,0(3) 98,0(7) 95,2(5) 95.,6 (5) 101,4 (9) 100,5(4) 98,2 (6) 101,7 (223)
40 : 5. YKa3aTeJIb nbIcTynaHIIH JII1l\a 92,7 (3) 96,1 (7) 94,3(5) 93,5 (5) 95,5 (9) 96,9 (4) 95,6 (6) 96,9 (224)
45. CI\YJIOnaH IIIIIpIIHa 143,5(6) 140,1 (9) 138,2 (5) 126,5 (6) 130,2 (10) 146,8 (6) 136,2 (6) 137,6(224)
45 : 8. I'opII30HTaJIbHbIM wal\IIol\epe6 paJIbHbIM 95,4 * 98,5 (8) 97,1 (5) 95,7(6) 97,8(10) 98,7(5) 95,2 (6) 97,9 *
YKa3aTeJIb
48. BepxHHH BbICOTa JIul\a 76,7 (6) 71,9 (9) 71,8 (8) 75,4(7) 75,3 (1O) 79,2 (5) 69,8 (6) 71,8(290)
48 : 17. BepTIIKaJIbHbIll Wal\IIOl\epeOpaJIbHbm YI{3- 53,8 (3) 55,5 (7) 50,9 (6) 54,9(6) 55,6 (8) 54,3(5) 51,7 (6) 52,8 (217)
3aTeJIb
48 : 45. BepxHuii JIIIl\eBOM y.I{33aTeJIb 53,6 (6) 51,4(9) 51,7 (5) 59,1 (6) 58,1 (9) 58,3 (5) 51,4 (6) 52,3 (208)
if 45.48. JIIIl\eBOM MO,[\YJIb 104,9 * 100,4 * 99,6* 97,6* 99,0* 107,8 * 97,5 * 99,4*
51. IIIupuHa Op6UThI OT m f (JIeB.) 44,7 (6) 44,0(9) 42,4 (8) 41,0(li) 43,0(12) 45,1 (4) 43,1 (6) 43,4 (273)
52. BbIcoTa Op6UTI,I (JIen.) 32,,7(6) 33,7 (9) 33,6 (8) 31,2 (6) 34,8(11) 36,4 (5) 33,9 (6) 32,8 (301)
52: 51. Op6IITHbIM YKa3aTeJIb OT mf (JIeB.) 73,4 (6) 76,5 (9) 79,5 (8) 83,3 (n) 80,9 (11) 79,3 (4) 75,9 (6) 75,8(270)
54. IIIIIpIIHa Hoca 26,8 (6) 25,8 (9) 25,5 (8) 23,9 (7) 2.4,8(11) 26,4 (fi) 25,3(6) 24,9(304)
55. BbICOTa Hoca 5:1,1 t6) 61,9 (9) 56,8 (8) 54,4 (7) 54,8(11) 56,2 (5) 52,0(6) 51,6 (311)
54 : 55. HOCOBOJ1: YKa3aTeJIb 50,1 (6) 49,7 (9) 45,1 (8) 43,9 (7) 45,5(11) 47,3(5) 48,9(6) 48,3(301)
72. 06Il llll yroJI JIIIl\a 87,0(4) 84,4(8) 87,3(4) 84,0(6) 85,0(7) 88,0(4) 85,5 (6) 85,1 (241)
74. YrOJI aJIbneOJIHpHOM 'IaCTII JIIIl\a 78,5(4) 70,G(8) 80,5(4) 68,0(5) 76,2 (5) 79,0(3) 81,2 (5) 80,2 (210)
75 (1). YroJI HOCOBbIX IWCTeii K mIHllII npOWllJIH 28,0(3) 26,4 (8) 29,3(4) 34,3 (U) 35,3 (9) 24,8 (4) 25,6 (5) 30,5 (234)
77. Ha30MaJIHpHbIJ1: yrOJI 140,4(6) 141,0 (8) 135,9 (7) 137,6 (5) 137,2 (9) 146,7 (3) 146,0(7) 140,3 (275)
Lzm'. 311roMaI{CI1JIJIHpIIbIM yroJI 136,9 (4) 133,1 (8) 126,9 (7) 124,3 (6) 128,0(10) 137,0(3) 134,6 (5) 128,7 (247)
DS. [l,aIqHIaJIbHaH nbICOTa 13,6(4) 13,1 (7) 11,8 (6) 11,7 (6) 12,7 (6) 12,4 (3) 11,8(5) 12,4 (253)
DS : DC. AaKpllaJIbIIbIii YKa3aTeJIb 59,2 (4) 59,2 (7) 58,2 (6) 70,7 (6) 59,8(6) 55,4 (3) 62,3 (5) 59,1 (253)
SC. CUMOTI1'IeCI{3H BbICOTa 4,8 (4) 5,2 (7) 5,1 (7) 4,6 (7) 5,2(11) 4,4 (3) 4,3 (6) 4,5 (279)
SS : SC. CIIMOTl'I'IecmrU YI\a3aTeJIb 50,2 (4) 51,9 (7) 59,5 (6) 55,5 64,3(11) 57,4 (3) 53,0(6) 53,4 (279)
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3aBeTHoe
I HflRorrORb I
I HI1ROJIaeBRa- 1
Ra3atjROe
30JIOTaH
BaJIRa
HearrORb
CRlH}JCRflll:
RYT
N
.....
00
1. II pOAOJIbHblii AnaMeTp 180,9 (18) 181,5 (6) 178,9(11) 176,8 (37) 176,3 (57) 177,4 (24) 179,4 (22
8. IIOIrepe'IHbIH AnaMeTp 136,7 (18) 134,8 (6) 133,6 (11) 136,2 (38) 136,1 (57) 135,2 (24) 135,3 (23
17. BbICOTHbIH AnaMeTp OT 6aauoHo 129,7(10) 126,3 (3) 128,6 (8) 128,4(34) 127,8(56) 130,9 (22) 135,2 (15
8 : 1. lJepenHoii YI{aaaTeJIb 75,6 (18) 74,4(6) 74,8(11} 77,0(39) 77,2 (57) 76,3 (24) 75,1 (22
1.8.17. lJepenHOll MOAYJIb 147,5 * 145,7 * 145,4 * 145,7 * 145,3 * 146,4 * 148,6 *
9. HanMeHbIIIaH mnpnHa JI6a 94,8 (18) 95,1 (7) 92,6(11) 93,5 (37) 93,8(60) 94,5 (25) 94,,3 (23
32. YroJI JI6a 82,9 (9) 84,5 (6) 84,1 (7) 85,2 (29) 85,4(49) 87,4(16) 84,0(12
5. Amma OCHOBaIIlIH qelJena 96,7 (10) 95,0(1) 95,5 (7) 95,9 (31) 94,6 (54) 95,5(19) 98,9 (13)
40. AmnIa ocnOBaHIIH mII a 92,7 (7) 87,,0(1) 91,9 (6) 91,2 (25) 89,7 (47) 90,5 (H) 93,8(12
40: 5. YI{aaaTeJIb BblcTynaHUH JIlII\a 94,6 (6) 91,6 (1) 96,1 (5) 95,0(25) 95,2(47) 95,0( 16) 94,5 (12
45. CKYJIOBaH IllnpnHa 125,0(11) 124,9 (7) 123,3 (7) 124,3 (35) 124,,8 (56) 125,7 (23) 125,0 (18)
48. BepxHHH BblCOTa JInn;a 67,2 (12) 66,3 (6) 66,8 (7) 66,4 (32) 67,7 (57) 67,1(22) 68,7 (19
48 : 17. BepTnKaJIbHblii wan;non;epe6paJIbHhIii YKa- 52,7 (8) 52,7 (2) 52,9 * 51,6 (28) 53,0(53) 51,6 (19) 50,8 *
aaTeJIb
48 : 45. BepxHnH mln;eBoii YKaaaTeJIb 53,7 (9) 54,1 (6) 54,2 (7) 54,7 (32) 54,3(54) 53,9 (21) 53,9 (15
11 45.48. JInn;eBoii MOAYJIb 91,6 * 91,0 * 90,8 * 90,8 * 91,9 * 91.8 * 92,7 *
51. illnpnHa Op6UTLI OT mf (JIeB.) 40,3(11) 39,4(6) 39,0(3) 40,0(31) 40,1 (55) 39,8 (21) 40,3(19
52. BhIcoTa op6nThI (JIeB.) 33,3(11) 32,9 (6) 33,7 (8) 32,8 (31) 32,9 (55) 32,7 (21) 32,3(20
52 : 51. Op6UTHbIH YKaaaTeJIb OT mf (JIeB.) 82,7 (11) 83,1 (6) 84,6 (3) 81,9 (31) 82,0(55) 82,2 (21) 81,0(17
54. illnpuHa Hoca 23,8 (11) 23,8(6) 23,5 (8) 23,8 (27) 24,2(53) 23,f) (22) 24,3 (19
55. BblcoTa Hoca 49,5(12) 48,8 (6) 49,5(8) 48,5 (30) 48,9 (56) 48,6 (22) 48,5 (19)
54 : 55. HOCOBOH YI{83aTeJIb 47,8 (11) 48,6(6) 47,5 (8) 49,3 (27) 49,5 (53) 48,8(22) 50,3 (19)
72. 06m;nii yroJI JInn;a 84,6 (7) 85,2 (6) 84,2 (7) 84,7 (25) 85,5(46) 85,6(17) 84,2 (14)
74. YroJI aJIbBeOJIHpHOH qaCTn JIIln;a 73,8 (7) 83,0(4) 72,0(1) 80,1 (17) 82,4 (42) 81,3(14) 73,1 (7)
75(1). YroJI HOCOBbIX IwcTeH I{ JIIIHnU npOWUJIH 25,5 (6) 27,0(4) 25,3 (H) 27,2 (19) 29,5(32) 25,8(14) 28,0(9)
77. Ha30MaJIHpnbIH yrOJI 139,5 (10) 135,7(6) 140,0(1} 137,4(30) 138,0(50) 138,9 (21) 139,8(15}
Lzm'. 3UrOMaI\CI'IJIJIHpHhIll: yroJI 127,3 (8) 127,8(6} 132,0(1) 124,6 (21) 126,8(48) 125,3(18) 129,1 (16)
DS. AaKplIaJIbHaH BblCOTa 12,5 (6) 11,3 (3) 12,5(1) 12,1 (9) 11,9 (28) 11,2 (6) 11,,5 ( 17)
DS : DC. AaI{pnaJIbHbIll: YKa3aTeJIb 60,6(6) 51,1 (3) 69,4(1) 56,5 (9) 55,4 (28) 51,8 (6) 50,9(17)
SC. CnMOTnqCCI{aH BblCOTa 4,5 (6) 3,3 (5) 4,0(1) 3,9 (25) 3,9 (47) 3,9(19} 4,1 (17)
SS : SC. CnMOTnqeClmH YKa3aTeJIb 48,3 (6) 37.,2 (5) 61,5 (1) 44,4(25} 48,6(47) 43,6 (19) 41,8(17}
IIpI13HaR
Ta6JIH a (npOp;Oml\eHne)
I1T :r I YCTb-EYROHb I TapbIM-RaH I IIaMI1pCnaH I I AR6eI1T
TarapCRaH
RYJIbTypa
N
.....
<:D
1. IIpOAOJIbHbm AHaMeTp 177,9 (7) i7(j,7 (6) 179,3(4) 176,2 (5) 182,5 (4) 179,0(247)
8. IIonepe'lHbIii AnaMeTp 136,7 (7) 138,7 (6) 140,8 (4) 129,8 (5) 131,5 (4) 135,0 (223)
17. BbICOTHbIll AnaMeTp OT ua3HoHa 127,2 (4) 127,4(5) 133,0(3) 129,5(4) 130,0(1) 130,1 (205)
8 : 1. qepenHoM YI,a3aTeJIb 77,5 (7) 78,6 (6) 77,5 (3) 73,7 (5) 72,9(4) 75.5(216)
V-
1.8.17. qepenHoii MOAYJIb 146,1 * 146,2 * 149,7 * 143,6 * 146,1 * 146,5 *
9. HanMelIbIIIaH IIInpnHa JIua 97,6 (7) 95,8 (6) 94,2(5) 94,0(5) 93,5 (4) 95,8 (264)
32. YrOJI JIua 84,0(4) 82,2 (6) 84,3(4) 82,7(3) 77,3 (3) 83,8(211)
5. AmlHa UCHUBaHllH 'leVlcma 94,2(4) 99,2 (5) 99,7(3) 95,0(4) 97,0(2) 100,3 (201)
40. AJInHa OCIIonamUI JlII a 91,7 (4) 100,0(4) 95,0(3) 93,3 (3) 91,0 (2) 98,6 (172)
40 : 5. YKa3aTeJIb BLIcTynaHnH JIII a 97,4(4) 101,3 (4) 95,4 (3) 96,9 (3) 93,8 (2) 98,3 (170)
45. CltYJIOBaH IIIHpHHa 129,0(4) 133,8 (6) 124,3 (4) 122,,2 (5) 125,8(4) 128,4 (192)
48. BepxHHH BbICOTa JIn a 72,4 (5) 70,6 (5) 88,4(4) 94,4(5) 95,6 (4) 95,1 *
48: 17. BelJTHI{aJIbHbIii wa IIO CJJeUpaJIbHbIn YKa- 57,0(4) 54,3 (4) 66,4(5) 72,0(5) 67,5 (4) 68,6(218)
3aTeJIL
48 : 45. BepxIInM JIII eBoii yI{a3aTeJIL 5u,2(4) 52,1 (5) 52,6 (3) 55,7 (4) 54,6(1) 52,8 (172)
V 45.48. JIn eBon MOAYJIb 96,6 * 97,2 * 53,7 (4) 58,9(5) 53,8 (4) 53,4(171)
51. IIInpHHa opunTbI OT mf (JIeB.) 42,6 (5) 43,0 (G) 90,8 * 93,8 * 92.1 * 93,9 *
52. BbIcoTa opunTbI (JIeB.) 33,4(5) 33,7 (6) 38,6(5) 40,3 (4) 41,5 (4) 42,1 (227)
52 : 51. OPUHTHLIM yI{a3aTeJIb OT mf (JIeB.) 78,7(5) 78,3 (6) 32,2 (5) 35,0(4) 32,2 (4) 32,9 (249)
54. IIInpHHa Hoca 25,4 (5) 26,4 (5) 83,4 (5) 87,0(4) 77,8 (4) 78,5 (226)
55. BbIcoTa Hoca 54,0(5) 50,4 (5) 24,0(5) 22,6(5) 25,8 (4) 24,2 (242)
54 : 55. HOCOBOii Ylm3aTeJIb 47,1 (5) 52,3(5) 49,4 (5) 51,2 (3) 49,0(4) 49,4 (248)
72. OUll\nii yrOJI JlII a 86,3 (4) 81,0(5) 48,9(5) 44,2 (3) 52.3 (4) 49,1 (237)
74. YrGJI aJILBeOJIHpHOM 'laCTH JIH a 86,0(3) 86,6(5) 86,0 (3) 81,7 (3) 84,7(3) 83,9 (189)
75(1). YroJI HOCOBbIX RocTen K JInHHH npOwnJIH 22,0(4) 24,8(5) 83,7 (3) 71,7 (3) 72,3 (3) 77,3(170)
77. Ha30MaJIHpHbIM ymJI 144,2(4) 141,0 (6) 27,0(3) 30,7 (4) 35,0(4) 26,3 (185)
Lzm'. 3urGMaKCUJIJIHpHblii yrOJI 130,8 (4) 130,0(5) 137,5 (5) 137,0(3) 142,3 (4) 140,5(216)
DS. AaKpnaJILHaH BblCOTa 11,3 (2) 11,2 (5) 124,8(4) 128,2 (4) 127,0(4) 128,2 (207)
DS : DC. Am'ImaJIbIIbIn Ylm3aTeJIb 51,6 (2) 53,7 (5) 8,0(3) 12,6 (3) 13,7 (4) 11,2 (196)
SC. CUMOTU'leClmH BbICOTa 3,8(4) 4,2 (5) 36,7 (3) 55,3 (3) 64,9(4) 55,1 (195)
SS : SC. CUMOTU'leCKnM yI{a3aTeJIb 52,0(4) 48,0(5) 3,2(4) 3,6 (3) 5,7 (4) 3,9 (226)
31,9 (4) 42,0(3) 52,1 (4) 46,9 (226)
* MHII,eRC CpeIl,HI1X.
--
Ta6JIm a 5
PaaMax UaMeH'IUBOCTU npuaHaROB. MymcKue 'Iepena
1. ITpO,IJ;OJIbIIbIR gIIaMeTp 178,2-194.,5 9,1 267,2
8. ITonepeqHbIll guaMeTp 132,9-150,4 13,2 350,0
17. BbICOTllbIII gIIaMeTp OT 6aaIIoHa 130,0-143,7 10,5 279,6
8: 1. qepenHoR y!{aaaTeJIb 68,9-81,3 18,0 387,5
3_ 147,5-159,6
}'1.8.17. LlepellHoR MOgYJIb 15,0 398,0
9. HaIIMeIIbiliaH IIIIIpIIHa JI6a 91,5-101,4 10,8 225,0
32. YroJI JI6a 78,0-85,2 9,2 194,6
5. AJIIIHa OCHOBaHIIH 'Iepella 100,4-109,0 8,6 209,8
40. AJIIfHa ocnOBaHIIH JIUn;a 95,2-101,7 6,8 132.,7
40: 5. YKaaaTeJIb BblcTynaHIIH JIIIn;a 92,7-97,1 4,7 110,0
45. CKYJIOBaH IIIIIpIIHa 126,5-146.8 16,0 398,0
45: 8. I'OPUaOHTaJIbHbrn ilJan;IIon;epe6paJIb- 94,6-98,7 4,3 107,9
HbIll YKaaaTeJIb 69,7-79,2
48. BepxHHH BblCOTa JIIIn;a 13,6 231,7
48: 17. BepnmaJIbHbIR ilJan;IIon;epe6paJIbHbIR 50,9-58,8 15,5 239,4
YI{aaaTeJIb
48:45. BepxHIIll JIIIn;eBOll YKaaaTCHL 51,4-59,1 15,0 244,4
I }' 45.48. JIIIn;eBoR MOgYJIb 94,9-107,8 13,6 300,0
51. illupuHa Op6IITbI OT mf (JIeB.) 40,7-45,6 12,0 272,2
52. BblcoTa Op6IITbI (JIeB.) 32,5-36,4 12,0 205,3
52 : 51. Op6IITHbIll yRaaaTeJIb OT mf (JIeB.) 73,4-83,3 13,5 198,0
54. illIIpIIHa Hoca 23,9-27,2 13,8 183,3
55. BbIcoTa Hoca 50,0-56,8 13,6 234,5
54:55. HOCOBOH YKaaaTeJIL 43,9-50,1 14,1 151,2
72. 06ru;IIii yroJI JIIIn;a 84,0-88,3 5,1 148,3
74. YroJI aJILBeOJIHpHOH qaCTU JIIIn;a 68,0-83,5 22,8 254,1
75(1). YroJI HOCOBbIX KocTeR K JIIIHIIII npo- 24,8-35,6 43,5 234,8
ilJIIJIH
77. HaaOMaJIHpHbIll yroJI 135,4-146,7 8,3 256.8
Lzm'. 3IIroMaKCIIJIJIHpHbIll yroJI 124,0-137,0 10,5 240,7
DS. AanpIIaJILHaH BbICOTa 11,5-14,7 27,8 213,3
DS:DC. AaI{PIIaJILHLrn YKaaaTeJIL 55,4-70,7 27,6 187,7
SC. CIIMOTIIqeCKaH BbICOTa 3,8-6,1 60.5 255,6
SS: SC. CII1\IOTIIqeCKrrll yRaaaTeJIL 48,0-64.,3 34,0 139,3
max-min max-min
IIpl1aHaR min-max min , % Sat ,%
p;aRpllaJIbHbIX BbICOT II YRasaTeJIeM, a TaRme P;JlH yrJla BbIcTynaHIIH HOCO-
B:bIX ROCTeM, T. e. lIJIJI npII3HaROB C MaJIOM a6COJllOTHOM BeJIII1JIIHOJI.
q T06:bI IIs6aBllTbcH OT B:IllJIHllH a6COJllOTHbIX pasMepoB, aMIIJIJilTyp;a ROJle-
6aIIlliI BhIpameHa B npoll,eHTax cTaHp;apTHoro RBap;paTH'IeCRoro OTRJIOHeHIIJI.
qTO 6:bI mI IIllCaJlOCb 0 HenpaBOMepHocTII BbIpameHllJI MemrpynnoBoM llSMeH-
'IllBOCTII 'Iepes BeJIll'IllHY BHYTpIIrpynnoBoro RBa,L\paTll'IeCROrO OTHJIOHeHIIH,
BosMomHo, OHO OCTaeTCJI 60Jlee eMRllM MacrnTa60M P;JlH JlORaJlbHOM Memrpyn-
nOBoII llSMeH'IllBOCTII, 'IeM npocTO 06m;eMllpoBoM pasMax Bapllall,llM. CTaH-
p;a pTILbIe BeJIII'IllHbI RBap;paTll1JeCRIIX OTRJIOHeHIIIT BSJITbI lIS Ta6JIllll, f. $. ,l];e-
220
Ta6JIuqa 6
Pa3Max U3MeH'lUBOCTU DpU3HaROB. JKeHcRue 'lepena
It
max-min max-min
IIpl1aHaR min-max min ,% Sat , %
1. IIpO,[lOJIbHbIM ,[IuaMeTp 176,2-182,5 3,6 108,6
8. IIonepe'lHbIll ,[IIIaMeTp 129,8-140,8 8,5 229,2
17. BbICOTHbIM ,[IIIaMeTp OT 6asuoHa 126,3-135,2 7,0 189,4
8:1. qepenHoM ynaaaTeJIb 72,9-78,6 7,8 178,1
3_
Vl.8.17. qepenHoM MOAYJIb 143,6-149,7 4,,2 158,4
9. HaIIMeHbIlIaH illupUHa JI6a 92,6-97,6 5,4 116,3
32. YroJI JI6a 77,3-87,4 13,1 273,0
5. AJIIIHa OCHOBaHIIH 'lepena 94,2-100,3 6,5 156,4
40. AJIIIHa OCHOBaHUH JIUn;a 89,7-100,0 11,5 219,1
40 :5. YRaaaTeJIb BbIcTynaHuH JIuqa 93,8-101,3 8,0 187,5
45. CI{YJIOBaH illIIpHHa 122,2-133,8 9,5 241,7
45: 8. I'opIIaOliTaJIbHbIM cpaquon;epe6paJIb- 88,4-96,6 9,3 215,8
HbIM YI{aaaTeJIb
48. BepxHHH BbICOTa JIuqa 66,3-72,4 9,2 160,5
48 : 17. BepTIII{aJIbHbIll cpan;IIoqepe6paJIbHbIll 50,8-57,0 12,2 187,9
YRaaa TeJIb
48: 45. BepxHIIM JIIIqeBoM YKaaaTeJIb 52,1-58,9 13,1 215,9
V 45.48. JIIIn;eBoM MOAYJIb 90,8-97,2 7,0 187"1
51. IIIIIpIIHa Op6IITbI OT mf (JIeB.) 38,6-43,0 11,4 258,8
52. BblcoTa Op6IITbI (JIeB.) 32,2-35,0 8,7 147,4
52: 51. Op6HTHbIR YRaaaTeJIb OT mf (JIeB.) 77,8-87,0 11,8 184.,0
54. IIIHpIIHa Hoca 22,6-26,4 16,8 223,5
55. BbIcoTa Hoca 48,5-54,0 11.3 203,7
54: 55. HOCOBOM YKaaaTeJIb 44,2,-52,3 18,3 197,6
72. 06IIWR yroJI JIIIqa 81,0-86,3 6,5 182,8
74. YroJI aJIbBeOJIHpHOll 'laCTII JIIIqa 66,6-86,0 29,1 318,0
75(1). YroJI HOCOBbIX ROC Tell R JIIIHIIII npo- 22,0-35,0 59,1 282,6
(fJIIJIH
77. HaaOMOJIHpHbIll yroJI 135,7-144,2 6,3 193,2
Lzm'. 3IIrOMaRCIIJIJIHPHbIR yroJI 124,6-130,8 5,0 114,8
DS. Aar{pIIaJIbHaH BbICOTa 8,0-13,7 71,3 438,5
DS:DC. AaRpIIaJIbHbIR YRaaaTeJIb 36,7-64,9 76,8 333,7
SC. CIIMOTII"'IeCRaH BbICOTa 3,2-5,7 78,1 357,1
SS: SC. CIIMOTH'leCRUM YRaaaTeJIb 31,9-52,1 63,3 172,6
II
III
6ell,a 70. MCRJIlO1JeHIIe COCTaBJIJIlOT 06a MOP,YJIJI - lJepeIIHOII JiI JIIIll,eBOII, ,L\JIJI
xapaRTepIICTIIRll BHYTpIIrpYIInoBoM IISMeHlJIIBOCTII ROTOpbIX B JIIITepaType
HeT ,L\anH:bIX. 3a CTaH)J,apTHbIe BeJIll1JllH:bI npllHJIT:bI B p,aHHOM CJIY1Jae BeJIll1JJ'{-
HhI KBap,paTll1JeCHllX OTHJIOHeHIIM aTIIX npIISHaROB B cepIIH BOCT01JHOJIaThIIII-
CRIIX lJepenOB XVIII B. lls-nO,L\ JIyp,SbI, npoIIcXO)J,JIm;IIX JilS op;Horo RJIa,L\6IIID;a.
KBap;paTII1JeCROe OTRJIOHeHlle lJepenHOro MO)J,YJIJI p,JIJI MymcHIIx lJepeIIOB
(43 Ha6JIlO,L\eHIIJI) paBHO 3,04, P;JIJI J-!{eHCRllX - 3,85, RBa)J,paTII1J:eCROe OTRJIO-
HeHIIe JIIIll,eBoro MOP;YJIJI p,:w MymcHllx lJepenOB - 4,30, P;JIJI meHCRIIX - 3,42.
PaccMaTpIIBaJI nOCJIeiJ.HIIM cToJI6ell, Ta6JI. 5, MbI BJilp;IlM, lJTO P;JIJI nJITH
221
,
npIISHaROB MemrpynnOBbIe BapIIall,IIII npeBbIrnalOT TPII CTaH)J,apTa IIJlII paBH:bI
eMY: lJepenHOro MOP;YJIJI II CRYJIOBOM rnupllHbI (paBHaJI, OTHOCllTeJlbHaJI aM-
nJIIITyp;a), lJepenHOro YHasaTeJIJI, nOnepelJHOrO p;IlaMeTpa lJepenHOM Rop06RH,
JIllll,eBoro MOp,yJIJI. C:Iep,ylOm;lle nJITb npIISHaROB B nOpJI)J,Re YMeHbrneHIIJI
MemrpynnoBoM aMnJIllTYP;bI Bapllall,IIM: BbICOTHbIM p;naMeTp lJepeIIHOM Hop06-
Hll, rnIIpIIHa Op6IITbI 0'1' MaHCllJIJlO<PPOHTaJIe, npOP;OJIbHbIM p;IIRMeTp lJepeIIHOM
Rop06RII, CIIMOTIIlJeCRaJI BbICOTa, yrOJI aJIbBeOJIJIpHOM lJaCTII JIllll,eBoro CReJIe-
Ta. IIo OTHorneHlllO H nOCJIe)J,HeMy IIpIISHaRy HeJIbSH sa6bIBaTb 0 CJIOmHOCTII
ero IISMepeHIIJI II 0 BOSMomHOM HecpaBHIIMOCTII IISMepeHIIM paSHbIX aBTopOB,
IICRYCCTBeHHO YBeJlIIlJllBalOm;eM MemrpYIIIIOBYlO aMrr:IIITYp,y ero BapIIall,llM.
B 06Ill,eM HaII60Jlee IISMeHlJIIBbIMII B MemrpYIIIIOBOM MacrnTa6e OHaSbIBalOTCJI
06m;lle paSMephI 1JepeIIHOM Rop06HII JiI JIllll,eBOrO CHeJIeTa. RapTIIHa 3Ta He
nOBTOpJIeTCH, R COmaJIeHIIlO, B paCIIpep;eJIeHIIII aMnJlIITY)J, MemrpYIInOBbIX HO-
JIe6aHIIM OTp;eJlbHbIX npllSHaROB B meHCRllX CepllJIX. IIoCJlep;HIIM cToJl6ell,
Ta6J1. 4 )J,eMoHcTpIIpyeT, lJTO rpynrry llS IIHTll HaII60JIee llSMeHlJllBbIX npllSHa-
HOB COCTaBJlJIlOT IIpIISHaHll, xa paRTepIISYIOm;lle Bapllall,IIll HOCOBOM 06.TIaCTll,-
p;aRpIIaJlbHbIe BbICOTa II YRasaTe:Ib, CIIMOTII1JeCRllM YHasaTeJIb II yroJl BbICTY-
IIaHIIH HOCOBbIX ROCTeM. R HIIM IIpII6aBJIJIeTCJI yrOJI aJIbBeOJlJIpHOM lJaCTII
JIIIll,a, HO MbI yme YIIOMllHaJIII 0 BOSMomHOCTll XOTJI 6bI lJaCTIIlJHO IICRYCCTBeH-
HO saBbIrneHHOM I1SMeH1JIIBOCTII ero Bapllall,llM. JIllrnb B CJle)J,YlOIll,YlO rpYIIrry
lIS IIJITII IIpIISHaHOB IIOIIa)J,alOT p;Ba 06Ill,IIX paSMepa lJeperra II JlIIll,a-rrone-
pe1JHbIM JJ:llaMeTp lJepenHOM Rop06RII II CHYJlOBaJI rnllpIIHa. 06HapymIIBaeTCJI,
CJle)J,OBaTeJlbHO, paSRbIM paSMax HSMeHlJllBOCTII B O)J,HIIX II Tex me IIpllSHaRax
Ha MymcHIIx II meHCHIIX lJepenax.
CBoe06paSIIe paCIIpe)J,e:IeHIIH paSMaxa IISMeH1J:UBOCTII HeJIbSH TpaHTOBaT:b
I1Ha1Je, KaK BbIpameHlle Mop<poreHeTIIlJeCRIIX saROHOMepHOCTeM, JIemam;I1X B
ocrrOBe IIO:IOBOrO )J,IIMOp<pIISxIa. 06hI1JHO IIPII BCJIRllX cpaBRIITe:IbHbIX corro-
CTaB.TIeHllJIX CTaJIO Tpa)J,llll,llOHHbIM IIpeHe6peraTb meHCHllMll cepIIHMII II onll-
paTbCJI TOJIbRO Ha MymcHIIe BbI60pRII. O)J,HaHO, B npllHll,IIIIe 3Ta Tpap;llll,llJI
HII1JeM He OIIpaBp;aHa, RpOMe CTpeMJIeHIIH R 06JIer1JeHIIlO aHaJIIIsa. O)J,HOBpe-
MeHRO, rrpaB)J:a, )J,OCTllraeTCH II ero HerrOJlROTa. II03TOl\i}' MbI B )J,a:IbHeIIrneM
6Y,L\eM paCCMaTpllBaTb Bapllall,lIll II B MymcHIIx II B meHCRllX CepllJIX, CTa-
paHCb npII KOHKpeTHbIX pacoreHeTHlJeCRIIX BbIBO)J,ax He OT,L\aBaTh IIpe)J,rr01JTe-
HIIH HII TeM, Hll ,L\pyrllM.
PaSMax IISMeHlJllBOCTII IIPII BceM CBoeM BamHOCTII He)J,OCTaTOlJeH caM no
ce6e )J,:IH xapaRTepIICTllKU MemrpYIInoBoM I1SMeHlJllBOCTII npllSHaHOB.
B npIIH IIIIe MORmo npep:CTaBIITb ce6e XOTJI TaKaH cJilTyall,IIJI n HelJaCTO
pea.TIIIsyeTCJI Ha IIpaRTllHe, 1JTO IIpIISHaR BapbIIpyeT 60JIee IIJIII MeHee MOHO-
TOHHO II JlIIrnb B O)J,HOM llJIll )J,BYX rpyrrrrax IIMeeT peSRO OTJllllJalOIll,lleCJI SHa-
lJeHllH, 1JTO 06YCJIOBJIllBaeT SHa1JllTeJlbHbIM paSMax IISMeHlJIIBOCTII. He MeHee
BamHbI II03TOMY IIpaBll:IbHOCTII B caMOM reorpa<pll1JeCHOM paCIIpe,L\eJleHIIII
npIISHaHOB, KOTopbIe BbIJIBJlJIlOTCJI HapToM. PaccMoTpllM CHalJaJla reorpa<p II -
lJeCRlle BapIIall,llll Tpex Hall60Jlee II3MeHlJIIBbIX IIpIISHaROB B MymcHllx ce-
pIIJIX - lJepeIIHOro MO)J,YJIJI, CHYJIOBOM nmpJilHhI II lJepeIIHOro YRasaTeJIJI. qTO-
6bI COS)J,aTb e)J,llHo06pasHYlO OCHOBY P;JIJI RapT, MemrpynnoBaH aMnJIJilTYP;a
YC.TIOBRO rrOp;eJIeHa BO Bcex CepllJIX Ha IIJITb IIHTepBaJlOB.
Ha RapTe lJepeIIHOro MO)J,YJIH P;JlH MymcRllx lJepeIIOB (pIle. 13) BII)J,Ha HOH-
ll,eHTpall,UJI O)J,HOpOJJ:HbIX Bapllall,llM B IIplllJepHoMop:be, XOTJI RaR pas p;Be co-
ce)J,HIIe cepIIII - lIS RYTa II HllHOnOJIJI - paSJlll1JalOTCH Ha )J,Ba RJIaCCOBbIx
I1HTepBaJla. BOJlee saMeTHa p;IIcnepCIIH IIpIIsHaRa B Cpep;HeM ASIIll, Ha <p OHe
HOTOpOM 06pam;aeT Ha ce6JI BHIIMaHlle CXOP;CTBO IIaMIIpCRIIX cepIIM. AHaJlO-
rII1JHaH )J:IIcnepCIIJI xapaRTepHa II )J,JIH BOCTOlJHhIX paMOHOB paCCMaTpIIBaeMOM
TeppIITopIIII. Op;HaHO B Cpe)J,HeM ASllII OHa, nO-Bllp;IIMOMy, Bce me Cll:IbHee:
222
PHC. 13. I'eorpaq,H'IeCKaH H3MeH'IHBOCTb 'IepenHOro MO;a;YJIH. MymCI He 'Iepena
1 - 147,5-149,9; 2 - 150,0-152,4; 3 - 152,5-154,9; 4 - 155,0-157,4; 5 - 157,5,,-159,9
II
PUC. 14. I'eorpaq,U'IeCI aH H3MeH'IIIBOCTb CI{YJIOBOU: lliIIpHHbI. MymcKHe 'Iepena
1 - 126,5-130,5 MM; 2 - 130,6-134,6 MM; 3 - 134,7-138,7 MM; 4 - 138,8-142,8 MM; 5 - 142,9-
146,9 MM
cepllll lIS 6acceMHa Cblp)J,apbII OTJIII'IalOTCH O,L\Ha OT p;pyroM Ha TPII RJIaCCOBbIX
IIHTepBaJIa.
Ha CJIe)J,YlOIll,eM KapTe CRyJIOBOM rnnpIIHbI B MymCRllX cepllHX (pIIC. 14)
MbI CTaJIRllBaeMCJI C TOM me MOHOTOHHOM RapTIIHOM Bapllall,IIM B IIpII'IepHO-
Mopbe, r)J,e Bce cepIIII, sa IICHJIlO'IeHIIeM OP;HOM, IIona)J,alOT B O)J,IIH KJIaCCOBhIM
JilHTepBaJI. IIO'ITll O,L\llHaHoBbI IIO CHYJIOBOM rnIIpIIHe II IIaMIIpcRIIe cepIIII.
B ceBepHbIx paMOHax Cpe)J,HeM ASllII U Ha TeppIITopllII AJITaJI II XaHacllII
pasHIIll,a Memp;y CepIIJIMII p;ocTIIraeT )J,BYX RJIaCCOBbIX IIHTepBaJIOB. TaRllM
06pasOM, IIOBTOpJIeTCH p;o IIsBeCTHoM CTeneHII TO me reorpa<pII'IeCRoe pacnpe-
p;eJIeHlIe, 'ITO H IIO 'IeperrHOMY MO)J,YJIlO.
1:lepenHoM YRasaTeJIb, HaR npaBIIJIO, ,L\OBOJIbHO 3Ha'IUTeJIbHO Bap:bJilpyeT B
coce)J,HIIX nonYJIHll,llJIX. B ,L\aHHOM CJIy'iae npII'IepHOMOpCRIIe rpynnhI OnJITb
223
PHC. 15. reOrpaWH'leCRaH HaMen'lHBOCTl> 'lepemroro YI\aaaTeJIH. MymcRne 'lepena
1 - 68,9-71,3; 2 - 71,4-73,8; 3 - 73,9-76,3; 4 - 76,4-78,8; 5 - 78,9-81,3
Ii
PHC. 16. I'eorpawn'leCRaH HMen'lHBOCTl> 'lepemroro MOP;YJIH. JlI:eHcRHe 'leperra
1- 143,6-144,8; 2 - 144,9-146,1; 3 - 146,2-147,4; 4 - 147,5-148,7; 5 - 148,8-150,0
o)J,nopop:H:bI ('I'. e. OTHOCJITCH H O)J:HOMY II TOMY me RJI3.CCOBOMy IIHTepBaJIY,
sa llCHJIlO'IeHlleM O)J,HOII). O)J,HOPO)J,RbI II )J,Be na:MIIpCRlle RbI60pRII (pIIC. 15).
OrrJITb Ha ceBepe Cpe,'J:Heii ASIIll U B IOmHoM Cll6llPII paSJIII1JllH 60.TIbrne 1I
p,ocTIIralOT )J,BYX RJIaCCOBhIX IIHTepBaJIOB. COIIOCTaBJIJIJI Tpll paccMoTpeHHbIe
RapTbI, IIO-Bll)J:llMOMY, MomHO c)J,eJIaTb BbIBOP;, 'ITO CHII<pCRoe HaCeJIeHlle IIpII-
'IepnOMOpbJI II caRCHoe HaCeJIeHIIe IIaMllpa xapaRTepllSOBaJIllCb onpe)J,eJIeH-
HbIM l\wp<p0JIOrll1JeCRllM e)J,llHcTBOM B Ramp;oM oT)J,eJIbHOM cJIY'Iae, Torp;a HaI{
B )J,Pyrux paMOHax IIMeJIa MeCTO llSBeCTHaJI reTeporeHHocTb.
B RaHoM-To Mepe 3TO Ha6:I1O)J,eHIIe MomHO IIO,L\TBepp;IITb paCCMOTpeHIIeM
RapT reorpa<pII'IeCROrO paCIIpe)J,eJIeHllJI Tex me npIISHaROB B meHCRUX cepll-
JIx. OHII, RaR BII)J,HO lIS Ta6J1. 4, B pH;:J;e CJIY'IaeB )J,OCTaTO'IHO MaJlO'IIICJleHHbI,
II rr03TOMY pOJlb CJIY1JaMHbIX Bapllall,IIII S)J,eCb B ll,eJIOM, HOIIe'IHO, 60JIbrne.
HeJlbSJI, RaR YHaSbIBaJlOCb BbIrne, omII)J,aTb II CHOJIbRO-Hll6YP;b IIOJIHOro co-
224
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1- 122,2-12q,5 MM; 2 - 12q,6-126,9 MM; 8 -127,0-129,3 MM; 4 -129A-131,7 MM; 5 - 131,8-
134,1 MM
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Pnc. 18. feOrpaWH'IeCRaH M3MeH'IMBOCTb 'IepeIIHOro YKa3aTeJIH. JlI:encRHc 'leperra
1- 72,9--7Q.0; 2 - 7q,1-75,2; 3 - 75,3-76,Q; 4 -76,5-77,6; 5 - 77,7-78,8
BIIa;:J:eIIIIH BapIIall,uii IIO 060llM nOJIaM. Bce lIW Ha RapTax reorpa<plllJeCHIIX
Bapnall,IIII 1JepeIIHOro MOP;YJIJI (pIIC. 16), CHYJIOBOM rnllpIIHbI (pllC. 17) II lJe-
penHoro YRasaTe.Tm (pIIC. 18) B meHCRIIX rpYIIIIax BII)J,HO, lJTO naMIIpCRIIe
cepnn JIII60 nOJIIIOCTbIO O,L\HOpO)J,HbI B MacrnTa6e BhI6paHIIoM Oll,eHRII rpyn-
IIOBOII )J,II<p<pepeHll,IIall,IIu (O)J,llH II TOT me RJIaCCOB:bIM llHTepBaJI), JIII60 pas-
JIII1JalOTCJI HeSHa1JIITeJIbHO (coce)J,HIIe RJIaCcbI); IIO )J,BYM npllSHaRaM (lJepen-
HOMY MO)J,YJIlO II CRYJIOBOII rnIIpJilHe) us Tpex 6JIIISHII Mem)J,Y C060M MHorIIe
rpynn:bI II pIIlJepHOMOpbJI; HaROHell" no BceM TpeM IIpllSHaRaM npaHTlllJeCRII
Tom)J,eCTBeHH:bI cepIIII us 6acceMHa C:bIpp;apbII. IIpII OTCYTCTBIIII p;aHHhIX 0
meHCRllX CepllJIX C TeppllTopIIll A,TITaJI HeT BOSMomHOCTII nOJIHOCTblO oll,e-
HUTb xapaHTep rpynIIoBoM )J,ll<p<pepeHll,IIall,llll B IOmHoM CU6IIpII II BOCTOlJHOM
RasaxcTaHe, HO BII)J,HO, lJTO CepllJI TarapcHoM HYJIbTYPbI II lJepeml lIS MOrIIJIb-
HllHa Ycn-BYRoHb OTJIIIlJalOTCJI APyr OT p;pyra no P;BYM npIISHaRaM (CHYJIO-
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1 - 8-9,1 MM; 2 - 9,2--10,3 MM; 3 - 10,q-11,5 MM; 4 - 11,6 12,7 MM; 5 - 12,8-13,9 MM
Puc. 20. I'eorpacplZI'leCKaH 1ZI3MeH'lIZIBOCTL CIZIMOTU'leCKOH BbICOTbI. 7ReHcKlZIe 'leperra
1- 3,2-3,7 MM; 2 - 3,8-q,3 MM; 3 - q,q-q,9 MM; 4 - 5,0-5,5 MM; 5 - 5,6-6,1 MM
BOM rnllpllHe II lJepenHOMY YRasaTeJIlO) Ha p;Ba RJIaCCOBhIX uHTepBaJla. HaJlll-
11,0, CJIe)J,oBaTeJIbHO, Bce me llsBecTHhIM, XOTJI II He OlJeHb lJeTRO BhlpameHHhIM
napaJIJleJIUSM B xapaKTepe reorpa<pUlJeCHUX Bapnall,llM paccuaTpUBaeMhIX
npUSHaHOB B MymcHllx n meHCHllX rpynnax.
B meHCRUX rpynnax Hall60JIee llSMeHlJUBbI p;aRpllaJII.HaJI BbICOTa, CllMO-
TlllJeCHaJI BhICOTa II )J,aHpllaJIbHhIM YRasaTeJlb, T. e. npuSHaHu, oTpamalOm;ue
BhlcTynaHne HOCOBhIX ROCTeM. OTHOCllTeJIbHO CllJIbHOe U cpe)J,Hee BbIcTynaHue
HOCOBhIX HOCTeM, BhlpamaeMoe )J,aRpllaJlbHOM BhICOTOM (pllC. 19), xapaRTepHO
P;JIH HaCeJIeHIIJI IIplllJepHoMopbH, 6acceMHa Chlp):(aphu II IIaMupa, Tor)J,a RaR
B IOmHoM CII6npu U Ha AMY)J,apbe )J,aRpllaJlbHaH BhlCOTa cpe)J,HJIH n MaJIaJI.
IIo CUMOTUlJeCHOM BhlCOTe (pllC. 20) Bce paCCMaTpllBaeMbIe HaMIl cepllll 0'1'-
JllllJalOTCH MaJIbIMn UJlll cpe)J,HUMll BeJlIIlJHHaMll (nOCJIe)J,IIlle IIpe06JIa)J,aIOT).
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POCo 21. I'eorpaqnZIQeCKall lIaMeHQIZIBOCTb p;aKplZIaJIbHOrO YKaaaTeJIll. 7ReHcKlZIe Qeperra
1- 36,7-q2,3; 2 - q2,q-q8.0; :3 - q8,1-53,7; 4 - 53,8-59,q; 5 - 59,5-65,1
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1 - 11,5-12,1 MM; 2 - 12,2-12,8 M. ; :3 - 12,9-13,5 MM; 4 - 13,6-1q.2 MM; 5 -1q,3-1q,9 MM
OTJlll1JalOm;llMllCH O)J,Ha HeHOTOpbIM. BTOpaJI SHa1JUTeJIbHhIM YBeJIU'IeHUeM Cll-
MOTU'IeCHOM BhICOThI. A BeJIll'IUHhI ,L\aHpUaJIbRoro YHa3a TeJlH (pllC. 21) )J,u<p-
<pepeHll,llpylOT Bce rpyrrnhI Rarro)J,06IIe Toro, HaH ORll )J,ll<p<pepeHll,llpYlOTCJI C
rrOMOm;blO Bapllall,UM )J,aHpllaJIhROM BbICOThI. 8'1'0 OSRa1JaeT, 'ITO B IIpu'IepRo-
Mopbe, 6acceMRe CbIpp;apbu U Ra IIaMllpe CRORll,eHTpupOBaRhI 60JlbrnUe n
cpe)J,Hue BeJlll'IllHhI, Ra AMY)J,apbe )J,aHpUaJlbHhIM YRa3aTeJIb MaJIhIM, B Boc-
TO'IHOM RasaxcTaHe - cpe)J,HllM. OTJIU'IUe HapThI )J,aHpllaJlbHOM BbICOThI OT
HapThI )J,aHpllaJlbROrO YHasaTeJlJI B 06JIaCTHX lOiKRoM Cu6upu COCTOHT TOJlbHO
B TOM, 1JTO p;aHpllaJIbRbIM YHa3aTeJlb CBll)J,eTeJlbCTByeT 0 SRa'IUTeJIbHOM BbI-
cTynaHllll HOCOBhIX ROCTeM y TarapCHoro HaCeJleRllJI, Torp;a HaH p;aRpllaJlbHaH
BhICOTa B 3TOM CJIY1Jae cpe)J,HJIH.
Tpu TOJIhHO 'ITO paCCMOTpeRRhle Ha pTbI YMeCTRO conOCTaBllTh C aHaJIO-
rll1JRhIMll RapTaMU reorpa<pU'IeCHUX BapUall,UM Tex me IIpUSHaROB B MymcRHX
227
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PIiIC. 23. I'eorpa«fJliI'leCRaH 1iI3MeHqHBOCTb CIiIMOTIiIQeCROH BbICOTbI. MymcRHe Qeperra
1 - 3,8-q,2 MM; 2 - q,3-q,7 MM; 3 - q,8-5,2 MM; 4 - 5,3-5,7 MM; 5 - 5,8-6,2 MM
PIiIC. 24. I'eorpa«fJIiIQeCRaH 1iI3MeHQliIBOCTb lIaRpliIaJIbHOrO YRa3aTeJIH. MymcRliIe Qeperra
1- 55,q-58A; 2 - 58,5-61,5; 8 - 61,6-6q,6; 4 - 6Q,7-67,7; 5 - 67,8-71,8
cepllHX. JIoRaJlbRaH MOSa:J2[lJROCTb 6pOCaeTCJI B rJIaSa Ra HapTe p;aRpIIaJlbHOH
BhICOThI (pnc. 22): B npU1JepnOMOpCRllX rpynnax ORa II MaJlaH, II )J,OBOJIbRO
60JIbrnaH, rpynnhI us 6accelIHa Chlp)J,apbll U C ITaMupa OTJlnlJalOTCH ;:J;pyr OT
):(pyra II 3)J,eCb II TaM Ra Tpll RJlaCCOBbIX URTepBaJla, 06m;aH JlORaJlbRaJI P;IIC-
nepCIIJI Ra 3ana)J,e, CJle)J,OBaTeJIbHO, He MeHbrne, 1J:eM Ha BOCTORe, CRopee ):(ame
HeCHOJIbRO 60Jlbrne, TaH RaH paSJlIIlJllJI MeiK)J,Y IepenaMll TarapcRoM HYJIhTypbI
U llS MOrllJlbHRa YCTb-BYROHb )J,ocTnralOT Bcero ):(BYX HJIaCCOBhIX llRTepBaJIOB.
Ha RapTe CllMOTUlJeCROM BbICOTbI (pllC. 23) MaJIhIe BeJIll1JllHbI ROHll,eHTpIIpy-
lOTCH Ha sana)J,e II Ha BOCTOHe. BOJIbrnaH BblCOTa Ra sana)J,e xapaHTepHa )J,JIJI
O)J,HOM rpYIInhI, Ha BOCTOHe TaKHX BeJlIIlJllH Bo06ll\e HeT, II )J,aiKe cpe)J,RJIJI
BeJlII1JIIIIa CBOMCTBeRRa JIIIrnh lJepenaM ns MOrllJIbRUHa YCTb-BYHOHb. Te me
cpe)J,Rlle SHalJeRUJI npe06J1a)J,alOT B Cpe)J,ReM ASllll. B 06m;eM reorpa<plllJeCRIIe
BapIIall,llU B 3TOM cJIYlJae ):(OCTaT01JHO Reonpe)J,eJleHHhI. AaRpllaJlbHhIM yRasa-
228
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naMHTHIiR
1JepeIlHofI
MOP,Y<Ib
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I 1J:epenHoH I BbIcTynaHue o-
YRaaaTeJIb COBblX ROC Ten
HIZIROJIaeBl,a 3,00 2,00 3,00 4,00
RYT 1,50 2,00 3,00 1,67
HIZIKOnOJIb 2,50 2,00 2,50 2,33
30JIOTaH EaJIRa 2,00 1,50 3,,50 3,00
HIZIROJIaeBRa - Ra3an:Roe 2,00 2,00 3,50 2,67
HeanOJIb CRIZI<pcmrii 2,50 2,00 3,00 2,17
3aBeTHoe 3,00 2,00 2,50 2,17
TarlZIcReH 2,00 3,50 4,50 2,00
YiirapaR 3,50 4,00 4,50 2,83
YCTb-BYROHb 2,00 4,50 5,00 2,67
TapbIM-RaH 4,00 2,00 2,00 1,33
IIaMlZIpcRaH I 1,50 1,00 1,00 3,50
AR6elZIT 2,00 1,50 1,00 3,67
TY9RT a II 1II1ZI6e 4,00 5,00 4,00 1,,67
Rypaii IZI YJIaHAPbIR 3,00 3,00 4,00 2,00
TarapcRaH RYJIbTypa 3,00 3,00 3,00 2,50
TeJIh (puc. 24) MaJlO )J,06aBJlJIeT R CRasaIIHOMY: rrpU'IepHOMOpCHue rpynnbI
OTJIII'IalOTCJI He60JII.rnUMU BeJlll'IllHaMU yRasaTe;m, HO B MOJl)J,aBIIu OH ):(OBOJlI.-
IIO 60JlhrnOM, BeJIUHU paSJIll'IllH Mem)J,y )J,BYMH naMIIpCHllMll rpynilaMll, Ha ce-
Bepe Cpe)J,HeM ASllH U B IOmHoM CII6upu rrpe06J1a)J,aIoT MaJlhle II cpe)J,HIIe
BeJlII1J:UHhI. TaRIIM 06pasoM, eCJlu Oll,eHHBaTb B ll,e.TIOM reorpa<pH1JecRYlO llS-
MeH1JllBOCTb npUSHaHOB, MaRCUMaJIhHO USMeH'IUBhIX B iKeHCHllX CepIIJIX, CJIe-
p;yeT CHasaTb, 'ITO OHa He 06HapymIIBaeT SHa'IUTeJlbHbIX npaBII'lbHOCTeM,
a MymcHIIe rpyrrilbI )J,ll<p<pepeHll,UPYIOTCH UHa'Ie, 1J:eM meHCHlle. lIToI', CJleD,O-
BaTeJlbHO, IIOJlY'IllJlCH ):(ame MeHee Brre1JaTJIJIlOm;UM, 'IeM npll paccMoTpeHuu
npUSHaHOB, MaRCllMaJlbHO ll3MeH1J:llBhIX B MymcHllx rpynnax.
q T06bI BBeCTll RaHOM-TO rrpocToM HOJIU'IeCTBeHHbIM HpllTepIIM B Oll,eHRY
pasHoHanpaBJIeHHhIX BapIIall,llM, npOU3Be;:J;eH nO)J,C1JeT paHrOB (cooTBeTcTBYlO-
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llpII6mISIITeJIhHO 10-15 CTaJIII )J,onOJIHHTeJIhHO USBeCTHhI IIOCJIe paCHOIIOH
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RpaCHOJIpCHOM 3Hcrre;D;IIll,IIU MHcTuryTa apxeOJIorUII AH CCCP, nepe'IUCJIeHhI B
CBO,L\Re A. r. ROSIIHll,eBa, U3 HIIX eCTb rraJIeOaHTpOrrOJIOrII'IeCHIIM MaTepUaJI.
Pas.'HephI HypraHHhIX rpyrril paSJIII'IHhI - npUMeM cpe.o;Hee 'IUCJIO HypraHoB
B rpyrrIIe paBH:bIM 10. HaYHe, CJIe)J,oBaTeJIbHO, IISBeCTHO CeM'IaC OHOJIO
1000 TarapcmIX HypraHoB, paCHonaHHhIX B MUHYCUHCHOM HOTJIOBUHe. llocJIe
O'Iem, 60JIhrnIIX IIO MacrnTa6aM pa60T RpaCHOJIpCHOM 3Hcrre)J,IIll,uu TPY)J,HO o:u;e-
HUTb, 'ITO II3 TarapCHUX rraMJITIIllHOB OCTaJIOCb HeIISBeCTHbIM II Hesa<pIIHcll-
pOBaHH:bIM, - )J,JIH 3Toro HymHo mp;aTb IIOJIHOM ny6JIUHa:U;IIu MaTepIIaJIOB.
Ho IIpe)J,rrOJI01RUM onHTb, 'ITO paCHorraHa O)J,Ha )J,eCJITaH 'IaCTb. Cpe)J,Hee 'IUCJIO
3axopOHeHilhIX B KypraHe npUMeM sa 10 1J:eJIOBeK Tor.o;a, CJIe,L\OBaTeJIhHO,
B MUHYCIIHCHIIX CTerrHX 6hIJIO B03Be)J,eHO 10000 TarapCHIIX HypraHoB II B
HUX saxopOHeHO 100000 'IeJIOBeH - npilMepHaH 'IUCJIeHOCTb TarapCHoro Ha-
CeJIeHIIJI 3a Bce BpeMH ero cym;ecTBOBaHIIJI. IIpu BpeMeHU cym;ecTBOBaHIIJI
TarapcHoM HyJIbTypbI B rrHTb CTOJIeTUM II )J,JIUTeJIbHOCTII IIOHOJIeHUJI B 25 neT
(HanO)',IHHalO - 26,5 rO)J,a IIO A. r. R03IIHll,eBY) MhI IIPUXO.o;UM H BhIBO)J,y, 'ITO
B MIIHYCUHCHIIX CTerrJIX e,L\IIHOBpeMeHHO rrpOmUBaJIO 5000 'IeJIOBeH. IJ;II<ppa
HameTCH saHIImeHHoM, HO IIpe)J,JIOmlITb HaHofI-Hll6y)J,b .o;pyrOM rro)J,xo)J, )J,JIJI
IIaJIeOp,eMorpa<pII1J:eCHOM peHoHcTpyHD;Hu CeM1J:aC Tpy.o;HO.
YPOBEHb iK1I3I111 II OBECllEqEHHOCTb IIII Ea
BosMomHocTII naJIeOaHTpOrrOJIOrII1J:eCROrO IICCJIe)J,OBaHllJI CeM'IaC TaHoBhI, 'ITO
OHO He )J,aeT rrpHM:bIX )J,aHHhIX )J,JIJI cym)J,eHIIH 0 Tex MOMeHTax, HOTOphIe BbI-
HeceHhI B SarOJIOBOH. Ho HOCBeHHaJI BOSMomHOCTb Cy.o;UTb 06 3TOM, 01JeHb 01'-
paHU'IeHHaJI IIpaB)J,a, OCTaeTCJI - 3'1'0 COCTOJIHIIe <pU3II'IeCHOrO paSBIITIIH,
a TaHme Me)J,llHo-6uO:IOI'II'IeCmrM CTaTYC IIcc.rreAyeM:bIX .o;peBHUX rrorrYJIJIll,IIM.
MaCCOBbIe IISMeplITeJIhHhIC )J,aHHhIe 0 paSBUTUll CHeJIeTa llMelOTCJI no rrpII-
'IepHOMOpCHUM CHII<paM II HaCeJIeHUlO TarapCHOM HYJIbTYPhI 93 . B. B. rUH3-
6ypr OrpaHII1J:HJICJI orrUCaTeJIhHOM xapaHTepUCTIIHOM CHeJIeTa rraMIIpCHUX ca-
HOB: «,l];mIlIa TeJIa Mym'IUH BbIrne cpe)J,Hero. POCT meHm;IIH BapbIIpyeT 60JIb-
me - OT Hume cpe)J,Hero ,L\o BbIrne cpe)J,Hero. IIoJIoBaJI .o;u<p<pepeHll,upoBHa Ha
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o:u;eHRH. Ho eCJIll OIIIICaTeJIbHO oxapaHTepusoBaTb pesYJIbTaThI u3MepIITeJIb-
HOrD IISY'IeHIIJI CHeJIeTOB CHII<pOB IIpll'IepHoMopbJI II npIIeHIIceMcHux Tarap-
ll,eB, TO onllcaHIIe 6Y)J,eT 6JIIISKUM - B 060lIX CJIY'IaJIX HaCeJIeHUe 6bIJIO
cpe)J,Hero pOCTa ()J,JIUHa TeJIa B OT.o;eJIbHhIX IIorrYJIJIll,UJIX HOJIe6aJIaCb OT 165
.0;0 168 CM) U OTJIU'IaJIOCb cpaBHIITeJIbHO rpall,IIJIbH:bIM CJIOmeHU8M. Hu B npo-
IIOP:U;IIJIX TeJIa, Hll B pasMepax OT)J,eJIbHhIX ROCTelI He sa<pUHCIIpOBaHbI OTHJIO-
HeHUH OT CTaHp;apTHhIX BeJIM1JUH, 'ITO CBu.o;eTeJIbCTByeT 0 p;OCTaT01J:HOM cHa6-
meHUU nIIm;eM Ii[ HOpMaJIbHOM paSBIITIIU B )J,eTCHOM BospaCTe. MJICO II MOJIO'I-
H:bIe npo.o;YHThI COCTaBJIJIlOT OCHOBHhIe npo.o;YHThI rrUTaHIIJI npu CHOTOBo.o;'Ie-
236
.<
CHOM XOSJIMCTBe II HOlJeBOM 06pa3e mlI3HII (repOP;OT npJIMO nnmeT 00 aTOM
IIO OTHorneHlllO H npM1JepHOMOpCHllM CRU<paM), ll, nO-BIIp;IIMOMy, IIX 6hlP;0 .0;0-
CTaT01J:HO II Ha J]:HeIIpe II Ha EHIIcee. BeCbMa BepOJITHO, 1J:TO II Ha TeppIITO-
plIll BOCT01J:HOrO IIaMllpa yCJIOBllJI .o;JIJI CHOTOBo.o;CTBa y IIaMllpCKHX caHOB
OhWll )J,OCTaTOlJHO 6JIal'OIIpllJITH:bI: BOCTOlJHOIIaMIIpCHIIe IIaCT6llm;a BO MHorOM
YHllHaJIhHhI II 06eCIIelJIIBalOT BhICOHIIM HarYJI CHOTa 95.
PeSYJIbTaT:bI IIaJIeOrraTOJIOrlllJeCHOrO llsyq:eHIIJI CHeJIeTOB llS MOrIIJIbHllHa
HllHOJIaeBHa-Ra3all,CHOe 96 II lIS MOrll:IbHIIHOB TarapCHOM RYJIbTYPhI He CBll-
p;eTeJIhCTBylOT 0 HaHllX-JIll60 oc060 TJImeJIhIX yCJIOBIIJIX mUSHll HaCeJIeHIIJI 97.
B crrIICHe IIaTOJIOrUlJeCHUX HapymeHuM CHeJIeTa 60JIbmOe MeCTO 3aHIIMalOT
TpaBMaTIIlJeCHIIe IIoBpem):(eHUJI, BOSHIIHaBnme B xO)J,e BoeHHhIX CTOJIHHOBeHIID:.
Ho B OCTaJIbHOM naJIeOrraTOJIOrII'IeCHaJI cIITyall,IIJI cpe.o;II TarapD;eB He O:bwa
He6JIarorrpUJITHOM IIpll cpaBHeHUll C ll3BeCTHhIMll HaM MaTepIIaJIaMll rro )J,PY-
rIIM 3rroxaM II .o;pyrllM 3THUlJeCHUM rpyrrIIaM. MomHO ;'),yMaTb, lJTO He xyme
OHa 6hIJIa II y eBporreMCRUX CHII<pOB, XOTJI IIpll OTCYTCTBllll IIpJIMhIX Ha6JIlO-
):(eHUM TaHaJI MhICJIb OCTaeTCJI He)J,OHaSaHH:bIM rrpe)J,rrOJIOmeHlleM.
3ARJIIO'lEHIIE
IIpIIBe.o;eHHbIM 06sop rrOHaS:bIBaeT, 1J:TO, HeCMOTpJI Ha 06uJIue yme IIMelOm;ero-
CH MaTepUaJIa, B HarneM pacnOpJImeHIIU OTCYTCTByeT llH<popMaD;IIH, He06xo.o;II-
MaJI )J,:IH perneHUJI MHorllX BamHbIX BOIIpOCOB. He)J,ocTaTOlJHO IIOJIHbI )J,aHHbIe
o paHHUX 3Tarrax paSBIITllH aHTpOrrOJIOrUlJeCHOrO TIIna IIpUlJepHOMOpCRUX CI{lI-
<p OB , MaJI01J:IICJIeHH:bI cepUll caHOB Cpe)J,HeR ASUII II AJITaJI. IIpaHTII1J:eCHJI
TOJIbRO BbI60pOlJHYlO IIH<popMall,lllO M:bI llMeeM 0 CTpoeHllll CReJIeTa paSJIIIlJ-
HhIX CHII<po-caHcRux nJIeMeH. To, lJTO MhI SHaeM, rrO:IY IeHO He IIpU IIorrYJIJI-
ll,llOHH:bIX BhI60pHax (OT,L\eJIbIlhIe MOrUJIbHIIKH), a Ha OCHOBe paCCMOTpeHUJI
CYMMapHhIX cepIIM, OXBaThIBalOm;IIX 06mUpHhIe TeppllTopIIll. COBeprneHHO
eCTeCTBeHHO, lJTO II p;OOhITaJI TaHllM oopa30M CYMMa CBe.o;eHllM 0 rraJIeo.o;eMO-
rpa<p Ull U rraJIeOIIaTOJIOrlIll )J,peBHero HaCeJIeHIIJI CTpa.o;aeT MHorUMII np06eJIa-
MII. Bce 3TU IIp06eJl:bI II HenOJIHOTa HamllX sHaHMM B 06JIaCTII naJIeOaHTpono-
JIOrUll orpOMHoro CHII<po-capMaTcHoro Mupa B mI1pOHOM CMbICJIe CJIOBa MoryT
OhITb IIpeO,L\OJIeHhI TO:IbRO B xO)J,e p:aJIhHellrneM a pxeoJIOrM1JeCHOM pa60ThI-
paCHorrOH Ha CHOC RpyrrHhlx MOrIIJIbHIIHOB Ha paSHbIX TeppUTOpUJIX C rrOJIHbIM
C60POM IIaJIeOaHTpOIIOJIOrII1J:eCHOrO MaTepIIaJIa. Tor,L\a MomHO 6Y)J,eT rrepeMTII
II H Oll,eHHe reHeTU1J:eCKHX pa3JIUlJIIM Mem)J,Y oTL(eJIbHhIMll rrorryJIJIll,IIJIMII, OII-
pe,L\eJIJIJI reHeTIIlJeCRUe MapHephI Ha CReJIeTe, HalJaJIO lJeMY (HO rrOHa B CyM-
MapHhlx BhI60pHax) rrOJIOmUJIll pa60nI M. B. IIepeBoslJllHoBa 98.
1 CM., Hanp.: MU/LblW8 (fl. H. JIecocTenL PycCKoii paBHHHLI. M., 1950; Oil 3/Ce. IIpHPOA-
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2 MU/LblW8 (fl. H. PYKOTBopHble JIaHAmacIJTbI. PaCCKa3 06 aHTponoreHHLIx KOMIIJIeKcax.
M., 1978.
:! TpH COBpeMeHHbIX 0630pa Ha pa3HbIX CHHXpOHHbIX cpe3ax CM.: Xaaa1l08 A. M. Co-
IJ;HaJIbHaH HCTOpIIH CRHcpOB. OCHOBHbIC np06JIeMbI pa3BHTIIH APeJJHIIX ROqeBHIIKOB eB-
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4 BC/LUlWli08a M. C. IIaJIeOaHTpOIIOJIOrHH IIpYTcKo-,J:IHecTpoBcKoro MemAypeqLH. M., 1975.
5 Me/LIOK08a A. If. CKHcfJIDI H cfJpaKIIiicRHii: MHp. M., 1979. C. 250.
I; PyiJellKO C. If. RYJILTypa HaCeJIeHHH I'opHoro AJITaH B cKHcfJcKoe BpeMH. M.; JI., 1953;
Oil 3/Ce. RaJILTypa HaCeJIeHHH IJ;eHTpam,Horo AJITaH B cRlIcfJcKoe BpeMH. M.; JI., 1960.
7 rpSla1l08 M. n. IIa3bIpbIKcKIIii KypraH. M.; JI., 1937; Oil 3/Ce. IIepBLIii: IIa3bIpbIKcRlIii:
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8 KUCe/Le8 C. B. ,J:IpeBHHH IICTOpIIH IOmHoii CH6HpH. M., 1951.
237
1
I
9 g .aeH06a H. D. IIpOllcxomp;emle II paHHHH IICTOpliH ImeMeH TarapcRoH RYJIbTypbI.
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M., 1979. .
11 A.an;cee6 B. II. OCHoBHbIe 3TanbI IICTOpHH aHTpOnOJIOrlI'leCRIIX THnOB TYBbI II COB.
3THorpaqmH. 1962. M 3; OH 3/Ce. KpaTRoe 1I3JIOmeHIIe naJIeOaHTpOnOJIOrlI1I TYBbI B
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12 TOXMaH If. If. AHTpOnOJIOrlI'leCRlIe MaTeplIaJIbI 1I3 nJIIITO'lHbIX MOrliJI 3a6aHRaJIbH II
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K aHTpOnOJIDrlI1I rYHHOB 3a6ailI\aJIbH (no JlIaTeplIaJIaM MorlIJIbHIIRa qepeMyxoBaj[
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13 Or;.aaOHur;06 A. II. 8noxa nepBo6bITH0061I\IIHHOrO CTpOH Ha TeppliToplI1I EYPHT-MoH-
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15 ll.e6elf T. (/J. IIaJIeoaHTponoJIorHH CCCP II Tp. IIH-Ta 3THorpa«I>1I1I AH CCCP. H. C.
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16 Schlitz A. Die Grabhiigel auf dem Gute Maritzyn II Prahist. Ztschr. 1913. Bd. 5, H. 1/2.
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20 ll.e6elf T. (/J. IIaJIeOaHTpOnOJIOrliJI CCCP; A.aer;cee6 B. II. IIaJIeOaHTpOnOJIOrliH XaRa-
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21 [(oaUHlfe6 A. T. AHTpOnOJIOrlI'leCRlIii COCTaB II npOHcxomp:eHlIe HaCeJIeHHH TarapCROII
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23 Be.aur;aHo6a 111. C. YRa3. CO'l.
24 [(OHoyr;Topo6a T. C. ¥Ra3. CO'l.
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3/Ce. IIo ).I,peBHIIM ).I,eJIbTaM ORca II HRcapTa. M., 1962; OH 3/Ce. CpCAHea3IIaTCRIIe CRII.pbI
B CBCTe HOBeIIIIIIIX apXCOJIOrlI'IeCIDIX OTRpbITIiR II BCCTH. APCBHCIl IICTOplIli. 1963. .N2 2.
43 To.n.cr06 C. II., I1ruHa M. A. CaRli HII30BbeB Cb!p).l,apbli (no MaTeplIaJIaM TarliCRe-
Ha) II COB. apXCO.iIOrllH. 1966. ,1\'£ 2; BUutHe6cKaR O. A., llruna Jf. A. PaHHIIC caRll
IIpliapaJIbH II IIpoOJICMbI CRII.pCROll apxcoJIorlI1I. M., 1971. (MaTeplIaJIbI II IIccJIe).l,. no
apxcoJIorIIII CCCP; .N2 177).
u TpofjjUMo6a T. A. IIpliapaJIbCRlIe caIDI: (RpaHIIOJI. O'IepR) II MaTeplIaJIbI Xope3McRoR
3RcneAIIJJ;IIII. M., 1963. BbIII. 6; OHa 3/Ce. PaHHIIC caIDI IIpliapaJIbH no AaHHbIM naJIeo-
aHTpOnOJIOrlI1I II Anthropos N. S. Brno, 1967. N 11.
45 BUutHe6CKaR O. A. RyJIbTypa caRCRIIX nJIeMeH HM30BbeB CbIPAapbli B VII-V BB. AO
H. 3. no MaTepMaJIaM "YHrapaRa II Tp. Xope3M. apXeOJI.-3THorp. 3RClIeAIIJJ;MII. M.,
1973. T. 7.
46 g epnUK06 C. C. PaOOTbI BOCTO'IHo-Ra3aXCTaHCROH apXeOJIOrM'IeCROH 3RcncAIIJJ;1I1I B
1956 r. II RpaT. co06ru;. I1H-Ta MCTOpMII MaTeplIaJIbHOll RYJIbTypb!. 1959. BbIll. 73.
47 TUH86ypz B. B. R aHTpOnOJIOrll1I paHHIIX RO'IeBHMROB BOCTO'IHOrO Ra3aXCTaHa ('Iepe
na V-IV BB. ).1,0 H. 3. 1I3 MOrlIJIbHIIRa "YCTb-BYROHb) IIAHTponoJIorM'1ecRIIH COOpHIIK,
III. M., 1961. (Tp. I1H-Ta 3THorpa.pIIM AH CCCP. H. C.; T. 21).
48 BauH6epz B. 11. RyrocallcRaH RyJIbTypa paHHero iRCJIC3HOrO BCRa B IIplicapaRaMbIIll-
CROR ).I,eJIbTe AMYAapbli II "Y cneXM Cpe).l,Hea3IIaTCROR apXCOJIor1I1I. JI., 1975. BbIll. 3.
49 BaUH6epz B. 11. IIaMHTHIiRH RyIOcallCRoH RYJIbTypbI II RO'IeBHIIRIi Ha rpaHMJJ;ax Xo-
pe3Ma M., 1979. (Tp. Xope3M. apXeOJI.-3THOrp. 3RCne).l,III(IIM; T. 11).
50 HrUHa M. A. 01' pCAaRTopa II TaM iRe.
51 TporfJUM06a T. A. RpaHMOJIOrH'1eCRMe MaTeplIaJIbI 1I3 MOrlIJIbHIIRa T)'MeR-RM'1MAiRMR II
COB. 3THorpa.pllH. 1974. .N2 5; Ona 3/Ce. qepcna 1I3 norpeocHlIi'r RyIOcaHcRoH RyJIbTY-
pb! B :lIOrIlJIbHIIKaX TyMeR-RII'lIiAiRIiR n TapbIM-RaH II RO'ICllHlIliII Ha rpaHImax Xo-
pC3:1Ia.
52 BepHutraM A. H. I1CTopIiRo-apXeOJIOrlI'ICCRlIe O'IepIDI l(eHTpaJIbHOrO THHb-IIIaHH M
IIaMlIpO-AJIaH II MaTepMaJIbI If IICCJIC).I,oBaHIiH no apxeoJIorlI1I CCCP. M.; JI., 1952.
M 26.
53 TUH86ypz B. B. MaTeplIaJIbI R naJIeOaHTpOIIOJIOrMIi BOCTO'IHbIX palIOHOB CpeAHeH A31I1I
(rYHHbI II caIDI THHb-IIIaHH, AJIaH II lOiRHoro IIaMnpa) II RpaT. COOoru;. IIH-Ta 3THO-
rpa.pMM AH CCCP. 1950. Bb!II. 11.
M JIur6uHcKuU B. A. ApeBHlIe RO'IeBHMRII «RPblIIIII MlIpa». M., 1972.
55 BepHUf.raM A. H. CaRli IIa1'lHpa//BecTH. JIPCBHCii MCTOplIli. 1956..N2 1.
56 Ba6aHcKaR To T., 3aonenpo6cKuU EO. A. ApXeOJIOrlI'IeCRIIC MCCJICAOBaHIiH A. H. BCpHIII-
TaMa Ha I1aMlipe B 1956 r. II ApXeOJIOrH'1eCRHe paooTbI B Ta).l,iRMRIICTaHe B 1956 r.
CTaJIIIHaOaA, 1959. BmI. 4.
57 TUH86ypz B. B. AHTpOnOJIOrlI'ICCRan xapaRTepMCTluta caROB lOiRHoro IIaMHpa II RpaT.
coooru;. I1H-Ta IICTOplI1I MaTCplIaJIbHOH RYJIbTYPbI. 1960. BbIII. 80.
58 KURrKUHa T. II. MaTeplIaJIbl R IIaJIeOaHTpOIIOJIOrlI1I TaAiRIIRIiCTaHa. AYIllaHoe, 1976.
59 TpR8H06 M. II. PaCROIIRIi RHHiRCCRoi'r MOrliJIbI Ha AJITae II qeJIOBcR. 1928. .N2 2/4.
60 BapK06a JI. JI. RypraH IIIMoe II BOlIpOCbI ero ).I,aTllpOBRII II ApXeOJIOrM'IeCRIIR COOpHIiR
JI., 1978. Bb!II. 19; OHa 3/Ce. IIorpeoeHIIH ROHeH B RypraHe IIIn6e II TaM iRe. 1979.
BbIll. 20; OHa 3/Ce. RypraH IIIlIoe. IIpeAMeTbI MaTeplIaJIbHOH RYJIbTYPbI 1I3 IIorpeoaJIL-
HOll RaMepbIIITaM iRe. 1980. BbIll. 21. TaM iRe OIlOJIMOrpa.pMJI IIpe).l,mecTBYIOru;HX
paOOT.
61 A.n.eKcee6 B. II. IIaJIeOaHTpOIIOJIOrMH AJITaJI 3IIOXH iReJIe3a II BOllp. aHTpOnOJIOrlIli.
1958. M 1.
62 Kuce.n.e6 C. B. "YRa3. CO'I.
63 Ky6ape6 B. p. HOBbIe HaXO).l,RII 3noxli paHHIIX RO'IeBHIIROB B I'OPHOM AJITae 110'IepRM
COI(MaJIbHO-3ROHOMFI'IeCROll II RyJIM'YPHOH iRII3HM CIiOliplI. HOBOCIIOHPCR, 1972; 01£ 3/Ce.
PaooTbI B I'opHOM AJITae II ApXeOJIOrM'1eCRlIe OTIqJbITIIH, 1975 r. M., 1976.
64 A.n.eKcee6 B. II. IIaJIeOaHTpOnOJIOrliH AJITaJI 3noXH meJIe3a.
239
65 AJleKCeee B. II. R naJIeOaHTpOIIOJIOnm I'opHoro AJITaH B 3IIOXY paHHero meJIe3a II
ApxeoJIonm CeBepHOii H l(eHTpaJIbHOii A3HII. HOBOCHOHPCK, 1975.
66 l{e6elf T. (fl. ElI:\e pa3 0 6eJIOKYPOH pace B l(eHTpaJIbHOH A3HIIIICoB. A3I1H. 1931.
J¥!! 5/6; AJleKCeee B. II. AHTpOIIOJIOrH'!ecKlie p;aHHbIe 0 JIOKaJIbHbIX pa3JIH'!IIHX Hace-
JIeHHH TarapcKoH KYJIbTypbI II IIepB06bITHaH apXeOJIOrHH CHOHpH. JI., 1975; Koaun-
lfee A. T. ¥Ka3. co'!.
67 Cp., HalIp.: If Jlenoea H. D. ¥Ka3. co'!.; MapTbmoe A. If. R BOIiPOCY 0 npollcxomp;eHHII
TarapcKoH KYJIbTypbI II ];I3B. JIa6. apxeoJI. HCCJIep;. ReMepoBo, 1967. Bbm. 1; On :JICe.
COBpeMeHHble np06JIeMbI 113yq:eHIIH TarapcKon KYJIbTypbI II TaM me. 1970. BbIII. 2.
68 Koaunlfee A. T. Ka3. co'!.
69 B p;OIIOJIHeHHe K paOOTaM, YKa3aHHbIM B IIpHMe'!. 11, C)I.: AJ!eKceee B. II. IIaJIeoaH-
TpOIIOJIOrH'!eCKHi'1 MaTepHaJI CKHq,CKOro H capMaTCKoro BpeMeHH C Tep-
pHTOpHIi TYBbI II ¥'!eH. 3alI. TyBIiH. HaY'l.-HCCJIep;. HH-Ta JI3bIKa, JIIiT. H HCTOPHH. RbI-
3bIJI, 1959. BbIli. 7. ¥Ka3aHHe Ha HaJIH'!He pa3HbIX THIIOJIOrH'!eCKH '!epclIoB B Kypra-
Hax CKHq,cKoro BpeMeHH cop;epmHTcH yme B IIepBOH paooTe IIO IIaJIeOaHTpOIIOJIOrHII
TYBbI: I{ e6elf T. (fJ. R IIaJIeOaHTpOIIOJIOrHII TYBbI II RpaT. COOOII:\. ];IH-Ta 3THorpaq,HII
AH CCCP. 1950. Bbm. 10.
70 0IIy6JIHKOBaHbI: AJ!eKceee B. II., l{e6elf T. (fJ. RpaHHOMeTpHH. MeTop;HKa aHTpOIIOJIO-
rH'!eCKHx HCCJIep;OBaHlIH. M., 1964.
71 06cymp;eHHe IIpOOJIeMbI CM.: AJ!eKceee B. II. reorpaq,IIH '!eJIOBe'!ecKHX pac. M., 1974.
72 3Ha'leHHe IIpH3HaKOB, xapaKTepH3YIOII:\HX YIIJI0lI:\eHHOCTb JIHn;eBOro CKeJIeTa B roplI-
30HTaJIbHoi'1 IIJlOCKOCTH, P;JIH p;narHOCTHI,H MOHrOJlOHp;HOro HmllIJleKCa npOJ;e"'lOHCTpH-
pORaHO IJO MHDrHX paOOTax. 06Il!Hii HTDr CM.: l{e6elf T. (fJ. OrrbIT KpaHHmIeTpH'!ecKoro
OlIpep;eJIeHHH P;OJIH MOIITOJIOIIp;HOro KOMIIOHeHTa B CMemaHHbIX rpYlinax HaCeJIeHIIH
CCCP II I1pOOJIeMbI aHTpOIIOJIOrHII 11 HCTOplI'leCKOH 3THorpaq,HH A3HII. M., 1968.
73 0030p pa3Ho06pa3HbIX To'!eK 3peHHH Ha 3THoreHe3 CKHq,OB H YKa3aHHH Ha HCTO'!HII-
KH H JIHTepaTYPY CM.: Minns E. Scythians and Greeks. Cambridge, 1913; PocToe-
lfee M. If. CKHq,HH H Bocliop. RpHTH'!ecKoe o603peHlle IIaMHTHHKOB JIHTepaTYPHbIX H
apXeOJIOrII'leCKII.l(. IIr., 1925; TpaKoe B. H., MeJ!IOKoea A. If. 00 3THH'!eCKHX H RYJIb-
TYPHbIX pa3JIII'lHHX B CTenHblX II JIeCOCTelIHbIX OOJIaCTHX eBpolIellCKOJi 'IaCTII CCCP B
cKIIq,Clwe Bpe:\IH II BO:lpOCbl cKHq,o-capMaTcKoll apXeOJlOrlIlI. M.. 1954; IIo3pe6oea H. H.
COcToHHlIe .rpOOJJeM CKlfq,o-capMaTcRoii apXeOJIOrllII R KOHq,epeHI IIIf H];IMR AH CCCP
1952 r. II BOlIpOCbI CKllq,o-capMaTcKoi'! apXeOJIOrHH; Xaaalwe A. M. YKa3. co'!.; Paee-
CKUU If c. ()qepKH Hp;eOJIOrHH CKHq,o-caKcKIIX IIJIeMeH: OlIblT peKOHCTPYKn;HH CKIlq,-
CKOi'1 MHq,OJIOrlili. M., 1977; PbL6aKoe B. A. repop;oToBa CKHq,IIH: ];IcT.-reorp. aHaJIH3.
M., 1979.
74 TpaKoe B. H. CKHq,bI; On :JICe. PaHHHll meJIe3Hbli'1 BeK (KYJIbTYPbl 3arrap;HOH II IOro-
BOCTO'!HOH EBpOlIbI). M., 1977; ApTa.ltonoe M. If. RHMMepIIHn;bI H CKHq,bI (01' IIOHBJIe-
HHH Ha HCTopH'!ecKoH apeHe p;o KOHn;a IV B. p;o H. 3.). JI., 1974.
75 Rpmw YKa3aHlIOi'! Bb=e CBOP;KH B. B. fHll30ypra H T. A. Tpoq,m.lOBoH, IIO IIaJIeOaH-
TpOnOJIOrliH Cpep;HeH A3HH CM.: AJ!eKceee B. II. IIpoHcxomp;eHHe Hapop;OB RaBKa3a:
(RpaHIIOJI. HCCJIep;.). M., 1974.
76 Tporfiu.ltoea T. A. HeOJIIITII'!ecKHe '!epena KeJIbTeMIIHapcKoH KYJIbTypbI H3 MOrHJILHH-
Ka TYMeK-RH'!IIp;mHR B ceBepHoH TYPKMeHIIIII18THorpaq,HH II apXeOJIOrHH Cpep;HeH
A3HH. M., 1979.
77 KURTKuna T. II. qepelia 3IIOXH 6pOH3LI C TeppHTopHH IOro-3alIap;Horo Tap;mIlKHcTa-
Ha /I MaHp;eJIbmTaM A. M. IIaMHTHIiKH 3nOXH 6POH3bI B IOmHOM Tap;mIlKlicTaHe. JI.,
1968. (MaTepHaJILI II IICCJIep;. IIO apXeOJIOrHH CCCP; J¥!! 145).
78 CM. 00 3TOM: Debetz G. Paleoanthropologie de l'Eurasie septentrionale II VI Congr.
Intern. des sci. prehist. et protohist.: AOKJI. COB. p;eJIeran;HH. M., 1962.
79 Hall60JIee IIOJIHaH CBO)J;Ka AaHHbIX: KuceJ!ee C. B. ¥Ka3. co'!. .
80 RpOMe KHIIr C. ];I, Pyp;eHKo, YKa3allHblX B npHMe'l. 6, CM.: PyoenKo C. If. I'0pHOaJITaH-
CRIIe HaxoP;RH H CKHq,LI. M.; JI., 1952; On :JICe. ];ICKYCCTEO AJITaH II IIepep;Hei'1 A3IIH
(cepep;Hlla I TblCH'!eJIeTHH p;o H. 3.). M., 1961; On :JICe. CHoIIpcKaH KOJIJIeKn;IIH IIeT-
pa I II ApXeOJIOrliH CCCP. CEOP; apXeOJIOrH'!ecRlIx HCTO'!HIIKOB, A 3-9. M.; JI., 1962;
AKuUlee K. A. RypraH ];ICCLIK. ];ICKYCCTBO caROB Ra3aXCTaIm. M., 1978; TpRanoe M. II.
ApmaH. l(apcKHH KypraH pallHecRIIq,cKoro Bpe:\IeIlIl. JI., 1980.
81 BUTT B. O. JIomap;H I1a3LlpbIKCKliX KyprallOB II COB. apXeOJIOrHH. M.; JI., 1952. T. 16.
Cp.: Il,aJ!Kun B. If. R II3yq:eIlIIIO JIOmap;eH H3 KypralloB AJITaH II MaTepllaJILI H IICCJIe-
p;OBaHliH IIO apXeOJIOrHH CCCP. M., 1952. J¥!! 24.
82 l{e6elf T. (fJ. IIaJIeOaHTpOIIOJIOrliH CCCP.
83 AJ!eKceee B. II. IIaJIeOallTpOIIOJIOrliH XaKaCHli 3IIOXH meJIe3a.
84 Koaunlfee A. T. ¥Ka3. CO'!.
85 CM., Hanp.: lfJlenoea H. D. CKIIq,CRIIH OJIeHb II MaTepHaJIbI II HCCJIep;OBaIlHH IIO apxeo-
JIOTlIH CCCP. M., 1962. J¥!! 115; ApTaJownoe M. If. CORpOBIIlI:\a caKOB.
86 AJ!eKceee B. II. IIaJIeop;eMorpaq,HH CCCP II COB. apXeOJIOTIIH. 1972. J¥!! 1.
240
87 Koauulfe6 A. r. ]J;eMOrpaqJlIH TarapCKllX MOrliJILHIIKOB II COB. 3THorpaqmH. 1971. J¥!! 6.
88 Konduktorova T. S. The ancient population of the Ukraine; KouiJYKTopo6a T. C. IIJII-
SHqeCKIIH: THrr JIIop;eH: HHamero IIpHp;HenpoBLH Ha py6e>Ke HameH: 3pLI.
89 KUSlTKuua T. II. MaTeplIaJIbI K rraJIeOaHTpOnOJIOrHII Tap:>KIIKIICTaHa.
90 Koauulfe6 A. r. ¥Kas. COq.
91 JIUT6UUCKUU B. A. ¥Kas. COq. C. 182.
92 TepoiJoT. IICTOpliJI B P;eBHTIi KHlIrax. 31., 1972. C. 209.
93 ll.e6elf r. rJJ. IIaJIeoaHTponoJIorliH CCCP; KouiJYKTopo6a T. C. AHTpOrrOJIOrliH p;peBHero
HaCeJIeHlI1I ¥KpalrHbI; Dua :J/Ce. IIJIISlIqeCKIIH: Tlirr JIIOp;eH: Hliamero IIplIp:HerrpoBbH Ha
py6eme Hamen 3pLI. CM. TaKme: ll. e6elf r. rJJ. 06 HsyqeHlI1I .pIISlIqeCKOrO paSBIITHH
p;peBHIIX Hapop:OB lITes. P;OKJI. Ha sacep;aHHIIX, rrOCBHm;. IIToraM nOJIeBbIX IICCJIep;.
1963 r. M., 1964. B 3TOH: CTaTLe nplIBep;eHLI p;aHHble 0 Bece p;peBHlIx norryJIHIJ;IIII, B TOM
qlICJIe CKII.pCKI1X, OCHOBaHHbIe Ha 3KCTparrOJIHIJ;1I1I BapUaIJ;lIll rrOrrepeqHbIX paS IepOB
p:JIIIHHblX KOCTen. l(1I.pPLI 3TII MorYT HMeTL JIlimb oplIeHTHpOBOqHOe SHaqeHlIe, TaK KaK
MeTO}], BCTpeqaeT cepbeaHble BoapameHIIII: C:1I.: A eKcee6a T. D., K06a euno B. 10.
MOp.pO.pYHKIJ;IIOHaJIbHaH xapaKTeplIcTHKa nocTKpaHlIaJILHOrO CKeJIeTa aaHaTCKIIX 3CKII-
MOCOB II IIaJIeoaHTporroJIorliH CH6Iqm. M., 1980.
94 Tuua6ype B. B. MaTepHaJILI K naJIeOaHTpOnOJIOrliH BOCTOqHbIX paH:OHOB Cpep;HeH: AaHII.
C.89.
95 CM., Hmp.: CTamOK06U't K. B. PaCTIITeJIbHbIH: rrOKpOB BOCToqHOrO IIaMlIpa 113arr.
BcecolOs. reorp. O-Ba. H. C. M.; JI., 1949. T. 10; AeaxanSlnlf D. E. OCHoBHble rrp06JIeMLI
.plIalIqeCKOH: reorpa.plIloI IIaMlipa. ]J;ymaH6e, 1966. q. 2.
96 KouiJYKTop06a T. C. IIJHaIl'IeCKHH: THrr JIIOp;eH: HH>KHerO IIplIp;HerrpoBLH Ha py6e>Ke
Hamen 3pbI.
97 Pox uu ll.. T. BOJIeaHIi p:peBHlIx JIIOp;en (KOCTII JIIOp;eH: paaJIII'IHbIX 3rrox - HOpMaJIb-
HLle H naTOJIOrHqeCKH H3MeHeHHble). M.; 31., 1965; Koumuu T. A., Mupeaauao6 M. 3.
HeKoTopble aa60JIeBaHIIII y JIIOp;eii TarapcKon KyJIbTypbI II Mall. 31aG. apxeoJI. HCCJIep:.
ReMepoBo, 1967. Bbm. 1. B 3TOH: pa60Te ony6JIHKOBaHbI Ha6JIIOp;eHIIH H ceplien Ha
THcyJIbCKOrO MOrHJILHHKa, pacnOJIO>KeHHOro Ha TeppHTopHIi HLIHemHeH: ReMepoB-
CKOll 06JI.
98 IIepe6oa'tuKo6 D. B. Orrpep;eJIeHHe rpynn IqJOBH B HCKorraeMOM MaTeplIaJIe II Borrp.
aHTpOnOJIOrHII. 1975. BLm. 50; On :J/Ce. Onpep;eJIeHlre rpyrrn KpOBIi CHCTeMLI ABO y
HaCeJIeHHH eBpaaHncKIIx cTeneii I TLICIl'IeJIeTHH p;o H. 3.: ABTope.p. p;HC. ... KaHp;.
HCT. HayK. M., 1976.
HEROTOPbIE IIPOEJIEMbI IIPOJiICXOJRAEHIUI
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