ȅȘȈȏȔ
ǴǨǭǪǹDzǰDZ
ǬǶDzǺǶǸ
ǴǻǽǶdzǶǪDzǰǵ
ǼȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ
Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ
Salamandra P.V.V.

ǴȈȍȊșȒȐȑ ȅ.
ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ǴțȝȖȓȖȊȒȐȕ ǼȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ǷȍȘ.
ș ȗȖȓȤșȒ Ǩ Ǽ ǬȈȔȈȕșȒȖȑ ǰȓȓ Ȇ ǴȈȠȐȕșȒȖȋȖ ǷȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȔȐȒȘȖȔȐ-
Șȍ ǺȖȔ IX). — ǩ. Ȕ.: Salamandra P.V.V., 2021. — 140 ș. Ȑȓȓ — (Polaris ǷțȚȍ-
ȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȈ Ǫȣȗ ǹǹǹXCIǽ).
ǻȏȕȈȊ ȟȚȖ ȓȖȘȌ ǷțȞȒȐȕș ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȓȖȕȌȖȕșȒȖȋȖ DzȓțȉȈ ȟțȌȈȒȖȊ ș ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ ȟțȌȖȌȍȑ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȏȍȓȤȧ ȐȕȌȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȜȈȒȐȘȈ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȞȈȘșȚȊȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ Ȑ ȉȓțȎȌȈȍȚ
ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȋȖȘȕȖȑ ȌȖȓȐȕȍ ǺȈȚȘ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ǰȊȈȕ ǴțȝȖȓȖȊȒȐȕ șȔȍȓȖ ȘȐȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ
ǸȖȔȈȕ ȗȖȓȤșȒȖȋȖ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȖȐșȗȣȚȈȚȍȓȧ ȈȘȝȍȖȓȖȋȈ șȖȞȐȖȓȖȋȈ Ȑ ȥȒȖȕȖȔȐșȚȈ ȅ ǴȈȍȊșȒȖȋȖ
(1858-1922) ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȍȚ Ȋ șȍȘȐȐ ©Polarisª ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȦ ȏȈȉȣȚȣȝ Ȑ ȘȍȌȒȐȝ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ ȖȉȢȍ-
ȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȝ Ȗȉȡȍȑ ȚȍȔȖȑ ©ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȑ Ȋ ȔȐȒȘȖȔȐȘȍª
© Salamandra P.V.V., ȗȖȌȋ ȚȍȒșȚȈ ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȍ 1

ǬǶDzǺǶǸ
ǴǻǽǶdzǶǪDzǰǵ

ȅǮǿȀȊ I

9
DZșȎȐȎ ,,
ȀǮǶǻǿȀǰdzǻǻȉdz ǾǼǵȉǿǸǶ.
ǵȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȍ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȣ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȖȊ ǴȍȌȖȊȖȑ țȓȐȞȣ Ȋ ǪȈȘȠȈȊȍ ǨȕȚȖȕ
ȊȣȒȖȓȈȟȐȊȈȓ ȒȈȔȣȠȖȊȒȖȑ ȔȍȉȍȓȤ
— ǬȖȉȘȣȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ ǫȘȐȋȖȘȐȑ — ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ ș ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖ-
ȗȖȓȖȎȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ Ȑ ȝȊȈȚȐȊȠȐ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȒȈȔȣȠȖȊȒȖȑ Ȋ șȈȔțȦ șȍȘȍ-
ȌȐȕț ȌȐȊȈȕȈ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓ— ǵț ȟȚȖ ț ȊȈș ȕȖȊȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ"
— ǷȓȖȝȖ ȉȘȈȚ ǨȕȚȖȕ ȕȍȓȈȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ș ȔȖȐȔ șȚȈȘȐȒȖȔ
— ǿȚȖ" țȎ ȕȍ ȊȏȌțȔȈȓ ȓȐ Ȗȕ ȉțȕȚȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ Țȍȉȧ"
— DzȈȒȖȍ ȚȈȔ ȝțȎȍ ȍȡȍ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ" ȉȖȓȍȕ"
—ǰȕȍȚȖ
— ǺȈȒ ȕȍțȎȍȓȐ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ Ȋșȍ ȐȡȍȚ șȖ ȊȟȍȘȈȠȕȍȋȖ Ȍȕȧ șȊȖȦ ȗȘȖȗȈȎț"
— ǪȖȚ-ȊȖȚ ǬȖ ȖȉȍȌȈ ȌȈȎȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌȖȚȘȖȕțȓșȧ Ȋșȍ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȡȍ-
ȓȧȝ
— ǬȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȌȖȘȖȋȈȧ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȠȚțȟȒȈ ȒȖȓȐ Ȗȕ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȕȍȍ ȚȈȒ ȉȤȍȚ-
șȧ"— ǫȌȍ ȚȈȔ ǸȈȏȊȍ ȔȖȑ ȉȈȘȐȕ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȍȚ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȍ ȊȍȡȐ ǬȈ Ȗȕ
ȚȈȒ ȐȡȍȚ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȗȍșȟȐȕȒț ȕȈȠȍȓ ȉȣ Ȉ ȚȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ"
— ǷȘȈȊȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȕȖ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȍșȓȐ ȒȚȖ Ȋ ȡȍȓȧȝ ȗȖȓȈ ȋȌȍ ȌȈȎȍ ȉțȓȈȊȒȍ
ȕȍ șȗȘȧȚȈȚȤșȧ ȐȡȍȚ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȊȍȓȐȚ șȉȐȘȈȚȤ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ș ȏȍȔȓȐ ȗȣȓȤ Ȑ
șȖȘ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȒȖȗȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȒȓȈȌȍȚ Ȑȝ ȗȖȌ șȚȍȒȓȣȠȒȖ Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ șȖȘȍ ȕȍȚ ȕȐ ȓȖ-
șȒțȚȒȈ ȉțȔȈȋȐ Ȉ Ȗȕ șȈȔ Ȕȕȍ ȊȟȍȘȈ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȐȡȍȚ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖ-
ȚȍȘȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȏȓȍ șȚȖȓȈ ǪȟȍȘȈ ȗȘȐȕȖȠț ȖȉȍȌ șȔȖȚȘȦ— ȓȍȎȐȚ ȔȖȑ ȉȈȘȐȕ ȕȈ
ȗȖȓț ȊȘȈșȚȧȎȒț Ȑ ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȍȚ șȒȊȖȏȤ șȚȍȒȓȣȠȒȖ Ȋ ȡȍȓȐ ȔȍȎȌț ȌȖșȒȈȔȐ ǺȈȒ
Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȓșȧ ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ țșȓȣȠȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȕȟȐȒȖȔ ȒȈȘȈȕȌȈȠȈ ȏȕȈȑ șȍ-
ȉȍ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȍȚ ȒȈȎȌțȦ ȒȘțȗȐȕȒț Ȑ șȖȘȐȕȒț ǪșȧȒȐȑ ȒțșȖȟȍȒ ȖȚȖȉȘȈȓ Ȑ ȖȚ-
ȓȖȎȐȓ ȖșȖȉȖ ǯȈȗȣȝȈȓșȧ, ȉȍȌȕȣȑ ȗȖȚ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȓȤȍȚ ȌȈȎȍ ȎȈȓȤ Ȕȕȍ șȚȈȓȖ Ȉ Ȋșȍ ȕȍ
ȔȖȎȍȚ ȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ
— ǬȈ ȥȚȖ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȈȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ ȇ ȚȈȒ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȚȊȖȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ țȎ ȕȍ ȚȖȋȖ
ȓȐ — Ȑ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȌȖȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ ȕȈ ȓȖȉ
— ǵț ȊȖȚ ȍȡȍ ǺȈȒȖȑ țȟȍȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ǨȕȚȖȕ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ șȊȖȐȔ ȋȘțȉȣȔ șȔȍȝȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȕȍ ȗȖȕ-
ȘȈȊȐȓȖșȤ ǫȘȐȋȖȘȐȦ
— ȅ ȗȖȓȕȖ ǫȘȐȠȈ ǬȈ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ țȟȍȕȤȍ-ȚȖ ȊșȍȋȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȑ șȊȖ-
ȌȐȚ ș țȔȈ" Ǵȣ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ Ȓ ȗȘȐȔȍȘț șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȓȦȌȐ ȒȈȒ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȉ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ,
ȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȣ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ ȒȈȉȣ ȕȈș ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ Ȋ ȥȚȐ șȚȍȒȓȈ ȌȈ ȒȕȐȎȒȐ ȒȈȒ
ȚȊȖȑ ȉȈȘȐȕ ȐȓȐ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȜȖȘȚȍȗȐȈȕȈȝ ș țȚȘȈ ȌȖ ȕȖȟȐ, ȒȈȒ ȔȖȑ ǹȚțȟȐȚ
ȥȚȖ — ȕȐ ȓȈȌț ȕȐ șȒȓȈȌț ȕȍȓȍȋȒȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ Ȉ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȧȚȤ-ȠȍșȚȤ șȐ-
ȌȧȚ șȓțȠȈȦȚ Ȑ șȐȌȧȚ ȒȈȒ ȐȌȖȓȣ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȝȖȚȤ ȉȣ ȕȖȋȖȑ ȒȚȖ ȗȖȠȍȊȍȓȐȓ ǶȌȐȕ

11
șȔȖȚȘȐȚ Ȋ ȗȖȚȖȓȖȒ ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȍȉȍ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȏȈȎȔțȘȐȚ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȘȈȏȐȕȍȚ ȘȖȚ Ȑ
ȒȐȊȈȍȚ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ǾȍȓȣȔȐ ȟȈșȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȓțȕȈȚȐȒȐ ȕț Ȑȝ Ȓ ǩȖȋț
ǰ Ȗȕ ȌȈȎȍ șȗȓȦȕțȓ
— ȅ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ șȓțȠȈȦȚ Ȑȏ ȊȍȎȓȐȊȖșȚȐ ȕȍ ȐȕȈȟȍ Ǩ ȊȖȚ ș ȔȖȐȔ ȉȈȘȐ-
ȕȖȔ șȖȊșȍȔ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ.
Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȌȖȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȑȏ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȈ ȌȖȕȍșșȧ ȒȘȐȒ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ DzȘȐȒ ȥȚȖȚ
ȏȊțȟȈȓ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȉȣȊ ȕȈȟȈȚȣȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ǫȘȐȋȖȘȐȑ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ șȊȖȍȔț
șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒț «ǵȈȌȖ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ» Ȑ șȒȘȣȓșȧ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȧȝ ȗȈȘȈȌȕȖȑ
ǶȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȓȖ ȍȋȖ ǹȐȧȦȡȐȑ ȚȘțȎȍȕȐȒ ȕȈțȒȐ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȕȈ
ȓȈȌȖȕȐ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȠȚțȟȒț ǷȖȌȖȑȌȧ Ȓ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȖȔț șȚȖȓț Ȗȕ
ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȍȍ ș ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȍȑ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȤȦ ȕȈ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚțȠȒț ȟȐșȚȖȑ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȏȈȚȍȔ
ȗȖȚȍȘ șȍȉȍ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȊȍșȍȓȖ țșȔȍȝȕțȓșȧ
— Ǩ ȊȍȌȤ ȕȈȠȍȓ-ȚȈȒȐ ȧ Țȍȉȧ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȈȧ ȒȘțȗȐȕȒȈ Ǻȣ ȖȚȘȈȊȐȓȈ
Ȕȕȍ ȚȘȐ Ȍȕȧ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȚȘȐ ȕȖȟȐ ȕȍ ȌȈȓȈ ȋȓȈȏ șȖȔȒȕțȚȤ — ȗȘȖȔȖȓȊȐȓ Ȗȕ ș țȓȣȉ-
ȒȖȑ șȚȖȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȚȖȓȖȔ Ȑ ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȉȍȓțȦ ȒȘȖȠȒț — ǭȡȍ ȔȐȕțȚȈ Ȑ ȧ Ȑȏ-
ȉȈȊȓȦșȤ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȚ ȔțȟȈȦȡȍȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ ȇ ȊȏȌȖȝȕț ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȋȘț-
ȌȤȦ Ȑ țȏȕȈȦ ȉȣȓ ȓȐ ȧ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȔ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ ǫȘȐȋȖȘȐȑ ȌȈȑ șȦȌȈ ȔȐȒȘȖșȒȖȗ
ǹȓțȠȈȧ ȔȖȕȖȓȖȋ ȉȈȘȐȕȈ ǫȘȐȋȖȘȐȑ ȧșȕȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓ șȍȉȍ ǨȕȚȖȕȈ ș ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ
ț ȓȉȈ
— ǪȖȚ ȍȡȍ ȋȖȘȍ-ȚȖ Ǩ ȧ țȎȍ ȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȒȖȕȟȐȓȖșȤ ȔțȟȍȕȐȍ ǴȖȎȕȖ ȉȣ ȖȚ-
ȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȘȈȉȖȚț — ȕȈȟȈȓ Ȗȕ ȕȍșȔȍȓȖ — ǪȘȍȔȧ ȖȉȍȌȈȚȤ Ȋȣ ȉȈȘȐȕ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȣ
— ǻȉȐȘȈȑșȧ Țȣ șȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȖȉȍȌȈȔȐ ǴȖȋț ȘȈȏȊȍ ȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȗ ȍȌȍ" ȇ ȕȈ
ȗțȚȐ Ȓ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȔț ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȦ
ǩȍȌȕȣȑ șȓțȋȈ ȗȖȟȍșȈȓ Ȋ ȏȈȚȣȓȒȍ
— ǬȈ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ șțȌȈȘȤ ȗȖȝȖȎȍ" ǵȈ Ȋșȍ ȊȍȌȤ șȊȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǪȖȚ ȗȖșȓȍ Ȗȉȍ-
ȌȈ ȧ ȊȈȔ Ȑ ȗȖȌȈȔ ȔȐȒȘȖșȒȖȗ — ȕȍ Ȓ șȗȍȝț ȌȍȓȖ
— Ǩȝ ȟȚȖȉ Țȍȉȧ Ǻȣ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȘȈșșțȎȌȈȍȠȤ ǫȘȐȋȖȘȐȑ ȟȚȖ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ șȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ"
— ǵȖ ȉȈȘȐȕ ȊȍȌȤ țȎȍ ȠȍșȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ Ǫȣ șȖȊșȍȔ ȖșȓȈȉȍȍȚȍ
— ǵȍ ȉțȌț ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȍșȚȤ ǵȍșȐ ȔȐȒȘȖșȒȖȗ
ǿȚȖ ȚțȚ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ" ǫȘȐȋȖȘȐȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȟȈșȚȖ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȓ ȕȈȌ șȊȖȐȔ ȉȈȘȐ-
ȕȖȔ ȚțȚ șȘȈȏț ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȍȓȈȍȠȤ Ƕȕ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȕȈ șȚȖȓ ȔȐȒ-
ȘȖșȒȖȗ Ȑ ȖȚȖȠȍȓ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȧ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȍȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕ-
ȚȈ ǩȈȘȐȕ ȚȍȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓ ȍȔț ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȑ șȦȘȗȘȐȏ
DzȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȘȖȠȐȕȒȈ ȖȟțȚȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ șȚȍȒȓȣȠȒȍ Ȑ ȕȈșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ
ȔȐȒȘȖșȒȖȗ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓ ȧșȕȖ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ ȍȍ — ȕȈȠ țȟȍȕȣȑ ș ȠțȔȖȔ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ șȖ
șȚțȓȈ șȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȖȉȍȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȏȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȗȘȖȚȍȘ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ Ȋ
ȔȐȒȘȖșȒȖȗ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ șȓțȋȍ
— ǹȓțȠȈȑ ǫȘȐȋȖȘȐȑ șȒȈȎȐ; ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȓȐȞȖ ȕȍ ȒȘȈșȕȖȍ"
— ǬȈ ȋȌȍ țȎ
— ǻȡȐȗȕȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȒȘȍȗȟȍ ȏȈ ȘțȒț
ǫȘȐȋȖȘȐȑ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȓ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȖ
— ǹȐȓȤȕȍȑ
— ǵȍ ȔȖȋț
— ǷȖȡțȗȈȑ ȗțȓȤș ǬȈȑ Ȕȕȍ ȊȖȌȣ
ǩȍȌȕȣȑ ǫȘȐȋȖȘȐȑ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȧ Ȋ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȓ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈ-

ȕȐȧ Ȑ țȊȍȘȧȓ ȉȈȘȐȕȈ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȏȌȖȘȖȊ Ȉ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȖ șȍȉȧ ș ȉȍș-
ȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȖȔ ȌțȔȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȗȖșȒȖȘȍȍ ȗȖȏȊȈȚȤ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ
ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȍȋȖ țșȍȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȔȐȒȘȖșȒȖȗȖȔ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌȊȐȋȈȓșȧ ș ȔȍșȚȈ
ȌȖ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȑ ȕȖȟȐ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȕȍȚ, Ȗȕ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȐ Ȗȕ ȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȓȐ-
șȚȣȊȈȓ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȣ șȓȖȊȈȘȧ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȏȈȗȐșȣȊȈȓ Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ șȕȖȊȈ ȋȓȧȌȍȓ Ȋ ȔȐȒȘȖ-
șȒȖȗ
ǫȘȐȋȖȘȐȑ ȕȍ șȔȣȒȈȓ ȋȓȈȏ Ƕȕ ȕȍ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȓșȧ țȎȍ ȟȚȖ ȉȈȘȐȕ ȏȈȉȖȓȍȓ Ȑ șȖ-
ȖȉȘȈȎȈȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤșȧ țȚȘȖȔ Ȑ ȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȚȤ ǺȈȒ ȖȉȈ ȌȖȎȌȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȈ ǶȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȌȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȕȈȠ țȟȍȕȣȑ ȊșȚȈȊȈȓ Ȑ ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȕȖ ȝȖ-
ȌȐȓ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȧ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȍ ȘȍȟȐ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȍȘȍȌ țȚȘȖȔ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȓȍȋ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȌȍȊȈȧșȤ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȗȈȓ ȌȖ 10
ȟȈșȖȊ ǷȘȖșȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȗȕ ȖȚȌȈȓ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ǫȘȐȋȖȘȐȦ țȎȍ ȟȈșȈ ȌȊȈ ȖȎȐȌȈȊȠȍ-
Ȕț ȍȋȖ ș ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȖȔ țȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȚȤ ȌȖȘȖȎȕȣȍ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕȣ
— ȇ țȍȏȎȈȦ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞț ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȤ Ȕȕȍ Ȋșȍ Ȓ ȚȘȍȔ ȟȈșȈȔ — ȘȈșȗȖȘȧ--
ȌȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ
ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȗȕ ȊȘțȟȐȓ ǫȘȐȋȖȘȐȦ ȏȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȕȖȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ș ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ
ȍȋȖ șȊȖȍȔț ȗȓȍȔȧȕȕȐȒț ȕȖ ȕȍ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȚȖȚ șȈȔ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ ȕȈȊȍȌȈȚȤșȧ ǵȍ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȊ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ Ȗȕ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈ țȓȐȞț ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȒ-
ȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȍ Ȑ ǫȘȐȋȖȘȐȑ ȕȍ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȈȘȐȕ ȊȣȠȍȓ
Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ șȈȗȖȋȈȝ Ȑ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȗȍȗȍȓȤȕȐȞȍ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȖȒțȘȒȖȊ ȊȔȍșȚȖ
ȗȧȚȐ ȐȓȐ ȠȍșȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȊȈȓȧȓȐșȤ ȚȈȔ ȗȖșȓȍ ȉȍșșȖȕȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ
țȟȍȕȖȋȖ

13
DZǹǮǰǮ III
ǺǼǷ DzȍDzȍ dzDZǼ ǯǶǯǹǶǼȀdzǸǮ Ƕ ǺȁǵdzǷ.
ǽdzȅǮǹȊǻǮȍ ǶǿȀǼǾǶȍ.
ǻȟȍȕȣȑ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ — ȔȖȑ ȌȧȌȧ ǰȊȈȕ
ǴțȝȖȓȖȊȒȐȕ ǺȈȒȖȋȖ ȌȧȌȐ ȧ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȕȍȚ ȕȐ ț ȒȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȔȖȐȝ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ǪȖ-ȗȍȘ-
Ȋȣȝ Ȗȕ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȑ țȟȍȕȣȑ Ȉ ȊȖ-ȊȚȖȘȣȝ — ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȐȑ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓ
Ƕȕ — ȏȖȖȓȖȋ ȕȖ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȔ ȋȖșȚȍȔ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍșȚ-
Ȋȍ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȍȋȖ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȈȧ șȓȈȉȖșȚȤ ȗȖșȊȧȡȈȚȤ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȒȚȖ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȕȍȚșȧ
ȗȖȌ ȘțȒț Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȓȦȉȐȔțȦ ȕȈțȒț
ǵȐ ȌȕȍȔ ȕȐ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȍȚ Ȗȕ Ȗ șȊȖȐȝ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȊȖȑȌȍȚ Ȋ
ȈȏȈȘȚ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈȧșȤ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȤȦ Ȑ țȔȖȔ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȓȍȚȈȦȡȐȝ ȚȊȈȘȍȑ — ȓțȟȠȍ țȑȚȐ
ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ Ȗȕ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȗȘȧȔȖ șȒțȟȕȣȔ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈȏȖȑȓȐȊȣȔ
ȅȚȈ șȓȈȉȖșȚȤ Ȓ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȔț ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚț ȌȈȊȈȓȈ șȍȉȧ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȖ Ȑ
ȊșȍȔ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔ ǩțȒȊȈȓȤȕȖ ȕȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȌȧȌȦȠȒȈ ȔȖȑ ȕȍ țȔȍȍȚ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈ-
ȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ Ǩ ȒȈȒ ȟțȌȍșȕȖ Ȑ ș ȒȈȒȐȔ ȎȈȘȖȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ
ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȥȕȚȖȔȖȓȖȋȐȧ ȕȈțȒȈ Ȗ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ
 ȉȣȓȈ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȍȑ Ȗȕ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖ ȏȈȕȧȓ
ȉȣ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȘȧȌȈȝ ȍȍ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȖșȓțȎȐȚȍȓȍȑ
ǴȖȑ ȌȧȌȧ șȖșȚȖȐȚ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȖȔ DzȘȈȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ Ȑ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȖȔ «hono-
ris causa» ȗȖȟȍȚȕȣȔ
 țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȖȊ ǶȒșȜȖȘȌșȒȖȋȖ ǫȍȑȌȍȓȤȉȍȘȋșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ǰȍȕ-
șȒȖȋȖ
Ƕȕ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȟȓȍȕ Ȋșȍȝ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȥȕȚȖȔȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊ Ȉ ȊȔȍ-
șȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȒȖȘȘȍșȗȖȕȌȍȕȚ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȈ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȑ Ƕȕ ȖȉȕȈȘȖȌȖȊȈȓ ȗȖ
șȊȖȍȑ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȉȠȐȘȕȣȝ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȑ ǰȏ ȕȐȝ ȖȌȕȖ — Ȗ ȒȚȣ-
Șȧȝ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȖȍ ȍȡȍ Ȋ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȐ — ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȓȖ ȍȔț ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒțȦ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ
ȕȖ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȊȘȍȌȐȓȖ ȍȔț Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȠ țȟȍȕȣȑ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ș ȊȍȓȐ-
ȟȈȑȠȐȔ ȖȚȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍȔ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȕȈ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȓȖȚȖȧȌȕȣȝ Ȕțȝ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȐȚ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȍȑ ȕȍ
ȗȘȐșȣȓȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȍȔț
ǷȘȐȟȐȕȈ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȑ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȏȕȐ ȘȍȌȒȖ ȒȖȔț ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈ ȐȉȖ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ
ȕȍ ȏȈȚȘȈȋȐȊȈȍȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȡȍȒȖȚȓȐȊȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȈ ȕȖ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȍȋȖ ȚȈȑȕț Ȑ ȗȖȌȍȓȦșȤ ȍȦ
ș ȊȈȔȐ
ǵȖ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȓȐȎȍ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚȤșȧ ș ȔȖȐȔ ȌȧȌȍȑ
ȧ șȊȍȌț ȊȈș Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ
ȅȚȖ — ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȈȧ ȒȕȐȋȈȔȐ Ȑ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȧȔȐ ǹȚȍȕȣ ȏȈȊȍ-
Ƞȍȕȣ ȘȐșțȕȒȈȔȐ șȚȖȓȤ Ȏȍ ȒȘȈșȕȖȘȍȟȐȊȣȔȐ Ȍȓȧ ȌȧȌȐ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȔȐ
Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș
ǻ șȚȍȕ — ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȠȒȈȜȖȊ ȗȖșȘȍȌȐ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȣȑ șȚȖȓ
ȏȈȊȈȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȕȐȋȈȔȐ Ȑ ȉțȔȈȋȈȔȐ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ șȚȖȓȐȒ ș ȔȐȒȘȖșȒȖȗȖȔ ȊȖȚ
Ȑ Ȋșȍ — ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ țȉȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ȕȍ ȏȈșȓțȎȐȊȈȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ
ȅȚȖȚ șȒȘȖȔȕȣȑ Ȑ ȚȐȝȐȑ țȋȖȓȖȒ ȏȈȔȍȕȧȍȚ ȔȖȍȔț ȌȧȌȍ Ȟȍȓȣȑ șȊȍȚ ǯȌȍșȤ Ȗȕ
ȖȒȘțȎȍȕ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖȔ șȊȖȐȝ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ ȘȈȏȔȍȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȖ ȠȒȈ-
ȜȈȔ Ȑ ȕȍ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȈ ǺțȚ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ ș ȒȖȚȖ-

14
ȘȣȔȐ Ȗȕ ȘȈșșțȎȌȈȍȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȝȖȟȍȚ Ȉ ȖȕȐ ȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȣȍ Ȑ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȣȍ ȌȈȦȚ ȍȔț ȊȖ
ȊșȧȒȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȍȕȧ Ȑ ȕȖȟȐ șȊȖȐ ȖȚȊȍȚȣ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȈțȟȕȣȍ ȏȈȗȘȖșȣ ǿȍȘȍȏ șȚȍȒȓȖ
ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȟȕȣȝ ȠȒȈȜȖȊ ȊȐȌȕȍȦȚșȧ ȗȍșȚȘȣȍ ȘȧȌȣ ȒȕȐȋ, ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ Ȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ
ȚȖȕȒȐȝ Ȑ ȚȖȓșȚȣȝ ȕȖȊȣȝ Ȑ șȚȈȘȣȝ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȝ Ȑ ȕȍȊȏȘȈȟȕȣȝ
ǶȕȐ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȓȦȌȐ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȈȦȚșȧ Ȑ ȗȖ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȔ ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚȊȈȔ Ȑ ȗȖ ȕȈȘțȎ-
ȕȖȔț ȊȐȌț ǶȌȐȕ ȚȖȔ șȊȍȎȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȔȖȌȕȣȑ ȜȘȈȕȚ ȌȘțȋȖȑ Ȋ ȗȖȓȐȕȧȓȖȑ
ȖȉȓȖȎȒȍ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ șȚȣȌȐȚșȧ șȚȖȧȚȤ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȊȈȎȕȣȔ ȉȈȘȐȕȖȔ ǭșȚȤ Ȑ șȖȊșȍȔ
ȎȈȓȒȐȍ ȒȕȐȎȒȐ ș ȖȉȖȌȘȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȒȖȘȍȠȒȈȔȐ ȘȊȈȕȣȔȐ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȈȔȐ Ȑ ȔȈșșȖȑ
ȏȈȔȍȚȖȒ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȧȝ ǶȕȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȗȘȐȋȓȧȌȕȣ ȕȖ ș ȥȚȐȔȐ ȖȉȖȌȘȈȕȞȈȔȐ ȔȖȑ ȌȧȌȧ
ȕȈ șȈȔȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȑ ȕȖȋȍ Ȑ ȖȕȐ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȗȖȚȍȘȚȖȔ ȐȏȕȖȠȍȕȕȖȔ ȖȌȍȧȕȐȐ ȔȐ-
ȓȍȍ Ȑ ȌȖȘȖȎȍ ȍȔț ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȝ Ȑ Ȑȏȧȡȕȣȝ ǹ ȥȚȐȔȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔȐ Ȗȕ
ȖȉȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ ȉȍȘȍȎȕȖ ȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȕȖ Ȉ ș ȗȍȘȊȣȔȐ șȖȊșȍȔ ȏȈȗȘȖșȚȖ ȒȈȒ ș ȌȖȉȘȣȔȐ
ȌȘțȏȤȧȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȧȔȐ
DzȘȖȔȍ ȒȕȐȎȕȣȝ ȠȒȈȜȖȊ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ șȚȖȐȚ ȠȒȈȜ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȑ șȖȉȖȦ
ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȥȕȚȖȔȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȑ Ȕțȏȍȑ ȐȓȐ ȍșȓȐ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȍ ȀȒȈȜ ȥȚȖȚ
ȊȔȍȡȈȍȚ șȊȣȠȍ  ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȗȖȑȔȈȕȕȣȝ țȔȍȘȡȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑ ȘȈșȗȘȈȊȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȘțȒȖȦ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ
ǬȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ Țȣșȧȟ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘȖȊ ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȘțȌȈ Ȑ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓȖ ȖȌȕȖ
șȖȉȐȘȈȕȐȍ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȔȈșșȣ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ! ǵȖ ȗȖȑȔȈȚȤ țȔȍȘȚȊȐȚȤ Ȑ ȗȘȐȖȉȡȐȚȤ Ȓ ȒȖȓ-
ȓȍȒȞȐȐ — Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȗțșȚȧȒ Ȋ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȐ ș ȚȘțȌȕȖșȚȤȦ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȑȔȈȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȋȖ ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ǴțȝȖȓȖȊȒȐȕ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȧ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȦ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȋȖ-
șȚȧ ȎȍȓȈȍȚ ȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ șȚȈȓȖ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȐȔȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖȏȊȐȡȍ ȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȉȍȌ-
ȕȣȍ ȒȖȏȧȊȒȐ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȉȍȏ ȊȐȏȐȚȕȣȝ ȒȈȘȚȖȟȍȒ ȚȖ ȌȖȉȐȚȤșȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȚȘțȌ-
ȕȖ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȕȈȠ țȟȍȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȚȍȓȍȕ ȗȖ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȐ ȒȓȈȌȍȚ Ȗȕ ȒȈȎ-
ȌȖȋȖ ȐȓȐ ȒȈȎȌțȦ ȗȖȌ ȓțȗț Ȉ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ Ȑ ȗȖȌ ȔȐȒȘȖșȒȖȗ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȍȚ șȈȔȣȔ
ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȗȘȐȉȍȋȈȍȚ Ȓ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȘȖȌȖșȓȖȊȕȣȝ ȒȕȐȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȗȖȓ-
ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȈ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȒȘȖȗȖȚȓȐȊȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȦȡȍȑșȧ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȖȊ ȖȚȣșȒȐȊȈȍȚ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȐȔȧ ȋȖșȚȧ Ǩ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ ȕȍ ȏȈ-
ȉȣȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ ȌȧȌȧ ȏȈȗȐșȣȊȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȉȐȓȍȚȐȒȍ Ȑ ȕȈȒȈȓȣȊȈȍȚ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌ-
ȕȐȑ ȕȈ Țț Ȏȍ ȉțȓȈȊȒț ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ țȎȍ ȕȈșȈȎȍȕ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȎȐȓȍȞ ȍȋȖ Ȕțȏȍȧ.
ǶȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȋȖșȚȐ șȘȍȌȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȊȈȎ-
ȕȣȝ ȖșȖȉ Ȑȏ ȔȐȘȈ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȒȈȎțȚșȧ ȔȖȍȔț ȌȧȌȍ ȔȐȓȍȍ Ȑ ȌȖȘȖȎȍ
ȟȍȔ Țȍ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ Ȗȕ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚȤșȧ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ ȚȖȎȍ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȈȧ ȔȈșșȈ Ȋ ȌȖȒȚȖȘșȒȖȔ Ȕțȏȍȍ ȥȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȌȈȊ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȑȔȈȕȕȣȍ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘȣ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȕȈȠ ȏȖȖȓȖȋ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓ ȍȡȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȏȈ-
ȊȧȏȈȚȤ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȉȓȐȏȒȖȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȖ ǶȕȐ ȗȖȔȍȡȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȖșȖȉȣȝ ȒȖȘȖȉȒȈȝ ȉȍȏ Ȋșȧ-
ȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȈ ȉȍȏ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ Ȓ Ȑȝ ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚȊț ȐȓȐ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȦ Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȊȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȕȖȔ ȗȘȐȦȚȍ ȖȕȐ ȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȦȚ ȖșȖȉȖȋȖ șțȌȈ ȕȈȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȋȖ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ Ȑȏ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȍȘȍȕȖșȐȚșȧ Ȑȏ Ȗȉȡȍȑ ȋȘȖȉȕȐȞȣ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋȖȑ
ȜȈȔȐȓȤȕȣȑ șȒȓȍȗ ȋȌȍ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ
ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȍȌȒȖ șȓțȟȈȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȧȍȔȣȑ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘ ȕȍ
șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȍȚ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȔȍȚȈȔ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȔț ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȦ ǵȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖșȚȤ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȌȧȌȐ Ȋ
ȘȖȏȣșȒȈȝ ȌȖȝȖȌȐȚ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȌȖ țȎȈșȈȦȡȐȝ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȊ Ȗȕ ș țȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȕȍțȚȖȔȐ-
ȔȣȔ țșȍȘȌȐȍȔ ȗȘȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȍȚ Ȋșȍ șȗȐșȒȐ Ȑ ȏȈȗȐșȐ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȕȖ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍșȔȖȚ-
Șȧ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ șȚȈȘȈȕȐȧ ȚȘțȌȣ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ țȊȍȕȟȐȊȈȦȚșȧ țșȗȍȝȖȔ — ȌȧȌȧ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚ Ȓ

15
țȉȍȎȌȍȕȐȦ ȟȚȖ ț ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȋȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȚ ȔȍȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ǺȖȋ-
ȌȈ ȟȍȘȚȣ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȖȋȖ țȟȍȕȖȋȖ ȖȏȈȘȧȦȚșȧ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȣȔ ȉȓȍșȒȖȔ Ȋșȧ ȍȋȖ
ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ Ȗȕ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȕȈ ȌȖȓȦ ȊȣȗȈȓȈ
ȟȍșȚȤ șȌȍȓȈȚȤșȧ ȒȘȍșȚȕȣȔ ȖȚȞȖȔ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ǬȕȐ țȊȍȕȟȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ Șȍ-
ȏțȓȤȚȈȚȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȚ Ȓ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȍȑȠȐȔ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȕȈȚțȘȈȓȐșȚȈ ǶȌ-
ȕȈ ȔȣșȓȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȗȘȈȊȖ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȍȔț țȋȖȌȕȖ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ȕȖȊȖȘȖȎ-
ȌȍȕȕȖȍ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈțȒȐ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȖȚȖȋȕȈȚȤ șȖȕ ȖȚ șȈȔȣȝ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȝ
ȋȓȈȏ ǭșȓȐ Ȏȍ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȚȤ ȚȖ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȒ ȒȘȍșȚȕȣȑ ȖȚȍȞ țȟȍȕȣȑ
ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȋ ȕȖȊȖȔ ȗȘȖȏȊȐȡȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȋȖ țȊȍȒȖȊȍȟȐȚȤ șȊȖȍ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȐȔȧ ȚȖ ȕȍ-
ȟȍȋȖ țȌȐȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ȚȖȑ ȋȖȘȧȟȕȖșȚȐ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȘȈȏȣșȒȐȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈțȒȐ Ȋșȍ ȕȖ-
Ȋȣȍ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ ȌȖȚȖȓȍ ȊȐȌȣ
ɒɟɪɲɧɟɜɵɟ ɤɬɵɪɢ
ǹȚȘȈșȚȤ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȌȧȌȐ Ȓ ȚȈȒȖȔț țșȣȕȖȊȓȍȕȐȦ șȚȖȐȓȈ ȍȔț ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȌȖȘȖȋȖ ȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȌȖȘȖȋȖ
ǺȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȈȊȕȖ Ȑ șȈȔ ȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȦ ȌȧȌȧ ȝȘȈȕȐȚ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȋȓțȉȖ-
ȒȖȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ ȕȖ ȍșȚȤ ȌȖȉȘȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȗȖȔȕȧȚ ȥȚȖȚ șȓțȟȈȑ Ȋȕț-
ȠȐȊȠȐȑ ȌȧȌȍ ȖȚȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȝȐȡȕȣȔ ȔțȝȈȔ ȕȈ ȊșȦ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ

16
ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ǴțȝȖȓȖȊȒȐȕ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ ș ȎȈȘȖȔ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȐ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓșȧ Ȑȏț-
ȟȍȕȐȍȔ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȈ ȌȊțȒȘȣȓȣȝ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȕȖșȧȡȐȝ Ȗȉȡȍȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ȒȚȣȘȍȑ
ȥȚȐȝ Ȕțȝ-ȝȐȡȕȐȒȖȊ ș ȚȖȕȒȐȔȐ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȈȔȐ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȣȔ ȗȖȓȍȚȖȔ ȖȌȈȘȍȕȕȣȝ
ȒȘȖȔȍ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ șȐȓȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȣȔȐ ȏȈȌȕȐȔȐ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȖȕȐ
ȝȊȈȚȈȦȚ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȌȘțȋȐȝ Ȕțȝ Ȑ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȐȚȈȚȤșȧ Ȑȝ șȖȒȈȔȐ
ǿțȚȤ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓșȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȌȍȘȏȒȐȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȈ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ Ǵț-
ȝȖȓȖȊȒȐȕ ȋȖȕȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȉȍȏ țșȚȈȓȐ ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ șȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓ ȘȈȏȉȖȑȕȐ-
ȒȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ ȊȉȓȐȏȐ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȈ ȠȚțȒȈ ǭșȓȐ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȓșȧ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ
șȔȍȘȚȕȣȑ ȌȧȌȧ ȗțșȒȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȦ ȍșȓȐ Ȏȍ țȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȑȔȈȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
ȘȍȌȒȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘ Ȗȗ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ ș ȚȈȒȐȔ șȐȧȦȡȐȔ
ȓȐȞȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȝȖȎȐȍ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȐ ȕȍ Ȗȕ ȓȐ ȊȣȐȋȘȈȓ ȌȊȍșȚȐ Țȣșȧȟ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȝȖȚȧ ȔȣșȓȐ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ǴțȝȖȓȖȊȒȐȕȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȊșȍȞȍȓȖ ȏȈȕȧȚȣ ȐșșȓȍȌȖ-
ȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȞȈȘșȚȊȈ Ȕțȝ ȕȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȍȋȖ ȎȐȓȖ Ȑ Ȓ ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȔȖȓȖȌ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȥȚȖ ȏȈȉȐȓȖșȤ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȍ Ȍȓȧ ȒȘȣȓȈ-
ȚȖȋȖ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȋȖ Ȉ Ȍȓȧ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȌȊțȘțȒȖȋȖ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȕȣ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȖ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȖ ȕȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȕȈȚțȘȈȓȐșȚȈ
ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȖȚȋȖȊȖȘȣ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȝ țȊȍȘȧȊȠȐȝ ȔȖȓȖȌțȦ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ȟȚȖ ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ
ȕȈȚțȘȈȓȐșȚ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ Ȕțȝ Ȑ ȔȖȚȣȓȤȒȖȊ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȔ ȔțȎȍȔ
ȌȍȓȖ ȌȖȠȓȖ ȌȖ șȋȖȊȖȘȈ ǵȈȏȕȈȟȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȌȈȎȍ ȌȍȕȤ șȊȈȌȤȉȣ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ
șȌȍȓȈȕȣ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȠȓȖ ȉȣ șȊȖȐȔ ȟȍȘȍȌȖȔ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȊȔȍȠȈȓșȧ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȑ ȒȚȣȘȤ
ǷȖȌȓȈȧ ȔțȝȈ ȘȈșșȚȘȖȐȓȈ șȊȈȌȤȉț Ȉ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȎț ȊȈȔ Ȋ
ȌȊțȝ șȓȖȊȈȝ
ǬȍȕȤ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȈȠ ȕȈȚțȘȈȓȐșȚ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȊȍșȚȐ Ȓ ȈȓȚȈȘȦ șȊȖȦ ȕȍȊȍ-
șȚț ȊȣȌȈȓșȧ ȧșȕȣȑ Ȑ ȚȐȝȐȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȕțȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ Ȍȓȧ ȥȒș-
ȒțȘșȐȐ ȏȈ ȔțȝȈȔȐ ǵȖ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ǴțȝȖȓȖȊȒȐȕ ȖȌȍȚȣȑ țȎȍ ȊȖ ȜȘȈȒ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ ȌȊț-
ȒȘȣȓȣȝ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ǷȘȖșȚȖ ȗȖȌ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍȔ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖȑ ȗȖȋȖȌȣ Ȑ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȍ
ȘȍȠȐȓ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȑ ȟȈș ȗȖȋțȓȧȚȤ ȗȖ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊșȒȐȔ dzȈȏȍȕȒȈȔ* ǫț-
ȓȧȧ Ȗȕ ȔȍȟȚȈȓ Ȗ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȉțȌțȡȍȑ șȍȔȍȑȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșȚȘȖ-
ȋȈȕȕȣȔ ȊȏȖȘȖȔ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȌȊțȒȘȣȓȖȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȍ ǬȧȌȧ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȑ
ȖșȚȖȓȉȍȕȍȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȉȣȓ ȒȚȣȘȤ ȕȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȕȐȋȌȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ
ȊȐȌȣȊȈȓ
ǹȍȘȌȞȍ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȉȐȓȖșȤ ț ȕȍȋȖ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȐ ǯȈȚȈȐȊ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ Ȓ
ȓȐșȚȒț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȋȓȧȌȍȚȤșȧ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȖ ȕȖ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȊ țȉȍ-
ȌȐȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȍȌȒȐȑ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘ ȗȍȘȍȓȍȚȍȓȖ ȕȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡțȦ
ȊȍȚȒț ǵȈȠ ȕȈȚțȘȈȓȐșȚ ȕȍ șȊȖȌȧ ș ȕȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏ șȚȈȓ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȞȣȗȖȟ-
ȒȈȝ ȕȖ ȔțȝȈ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȔȈȝ ȖȚȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȍȡȍ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȅȚȖ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȈȗțȋȈȕȕȈȧ ȔțȝȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȊȍȓȈ ȌȧȌȦ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȒȓțȔȉȣ Ƕȕ
ȚȖ ȚȍȘȧȓ ȍȍ Ȑȏ ȋȓȈȏ ȚȖ șȕȖȊȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ ȖȕȐ Ȋ ȗȘȧȚȒȐ Ǩ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȠȓȖ
ȌȈ ȠȓȖ
ǵȈșȚȈȓ ȟȈș ȊȍȕȟȈȕȐȧ DzȚȣȘȤ, ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, țșȍȓșȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȚȈȒ ȊȣșȖȒȖ
ȟȚȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȊȐȌț ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȓȍȏȚȤ ȕȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȖ ǸȈșșțȎȌȈȚȤ
* ɋɚɞ ɜ ȼɚɪɲɚɜɟ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɛɵɜɲɟɝɨ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɨɪɰɚ Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɩɪɢɦ
ɜɡɹɬɵ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɢɡɞ).

17
ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ ǰ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȏȈȉȣȊ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȊȖ ȜȘȈȒȍ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȊȍȚȒȍ Ȑ ȗȖȓȏȒȖȔ
ȒȈȒ ȚȐȋȘ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȌȖȉȣȟȍ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕ
ǸȈȏȋȖȘȧȟȍȕȕȣȑ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ Ȗȕ ȌȈȓ șȍȉȍ șȓȖȊȖ ȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ șȚȈȓȖ
ȖȊȓȈȌȍȚȤ ȔțȝȖȑ ǰ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȓȈ ȉȣ ȌȕȐ șȊȖȐ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ
ȊȔȍȠȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȥȚț ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ ȉȘȈȚ ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ
ǶȉȍșȗȖȒȖȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍȔ ȎȍȕȐȝȈ ȠȈȜȍȘȣ ȗȖȍȝȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘț Ȉ
ȉȘȈȚ ȕȈȘȍȟȍȕȕȖȑ țȏȕȈȊ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȟȚȖ țȟȍȕȣȑ țȠȍȓ ȋțȓȧȚȤ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț dzȈȏȍȕȖȒ
ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȈȘȒ Ȑ ȗȖȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȖ ȓȖȊȓȐ
ǯȌȍșȤ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȉțȌțȡȍȋȖ ȏȧȚȧ Ȋ ȗȖȏȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦ-
ȡȍȑ ȊȈȎȕȖșȚȐ ȔȐȕțȚȣ Ȑ ȖșȚȖȓȉȍȕȍȓ ȖȚ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȧ
— ǿȚȖ Țȣ ȚȈȔ ȌȍȓȈȍȠȤ" — ȊșȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ȗȕ — Ǫșȍ Țȍȉȧ ȎȌțȚ ȊȍȏȌȍ ȐȡțȚ
«ǵȍȟȍȋȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ, ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȕȈȠ ȋȍȘȖȑ ȕȍ șȗțșȒȈȧ ȋȓȈȏ ș
ȔțȝȐ — ǺȖȋȖ Ȑ ȋȓȧȌȐ șȗțȋȕȍȚ Ȕȕȍ ȍȍ»
Ƕȕ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȘțȒȖȦ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȣȑ ȏȕȈȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȍȔț ȕȍ ȔȍȠȈȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖȓȏȒȖȔ ȗȖȓȍȏ
ȕȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡțȦ ȊȍȚȒț
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ țȎȍ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ Ȍȓȧ ȖȠȍȓȖȔȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȊȈȚȈ
— ǬȈ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȌȍȓȈȍȠȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȌȍȘȍȊȍ" — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ȗȕ ȊȖ ȊșȦ ȔȖȟȤ
— ǺȐȠȍ ȚȐȠȍ — ȠȍȗȚȈȓ țȊȓȍȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈȚțȘȈȓȐșȚ. — ǺȐȠȍ Ȉ ȚȖ Țȣ ȍȋȖ șȗțȋ-

ȕȍȠȤ
— DzȖȋȖ șȗțȋȕț" ȟȍȘȚ Țȍȉȧ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȚȍȘȧȧ ȚȍȘ-
ȗȍȕȐȍ — ǹȓȍȏȈȑ șȒȖȘȍȍ
— ǷȖȑȔȐ Ȏȍ Țȣ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȘȍȌȒȐȑ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘ ȝȐȡȕȖȑ ȔțȝȐ ȧ șȍȑȟȈș
ȍȋȖ ȗȖȑȔȈȦ — ȉȣȓ ȚȐȝȐȑ ȖȚȊȍȚ — ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȒȘȐȟȐ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ ȚȈȒ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ
ȐȕȈȟȍ Ȗȕ țȓȍȚȐȚ
ǩȘȈȚ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ Ȋ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȐ ȏȈȓȖȔȐȓ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȓ ȕȍȉț ȒȈȒ
ȉȣ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȈȧ ȍȋȖ Ȋ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȐ
— ǵȍȊȍșȚȈ ȎȌȍȚ, ȋȖșȚȐ — ȚȖȎȍ Ȉ Ȗȕ ȒȈȒ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȈ ȓȈȏȈȍȚ ȗȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧȔ ȏȈ
ȟȍȘȊȧȒȈȔȐ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȖȚ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȋȖȓȖș
șȕȖȊȈ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț
— Ǫȣ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȍȚȍșȤ ȔȐȓȖșȚȐȊȣȑ ȋȖșțȌȈȘȤ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȋȖȓȖș șȊȍȘȝț — ȇ ȚȘț-
ȎțșȤ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈțȒȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȘȖȠț șȓțȎȍȕȐȍ ȍȑ ȕȐ ȏȈ ȒȈȒȐȍ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȈ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ
— ǵȖ ȕȈțȒȈ ȕȈțȒȖȑ Ȉ ȚȈȔ ȔȖȧ șȍșȚȘȈ ȎȌȍȚ șȓȣȠȐȠȤ — ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȊȖ ȊȍșȤ ȋȖ-
ȓȖș ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
— ȇ șȒȈȏȈȓ țȎȍ ȟȚȖ șȍȑȟȈș ȕȍ ȔȖȋț șȖȑȚȐ Ȉ ȏȈ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕț Ȋȣ ȍȡȍ Ȕȕȍ ȖȚȊȍ-
ȚȐȚȍ — ȖȚȘȍȏȈȓ, Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ, ȘȈșșȍȘȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ǴțȝȖȓȖȊȒȐȕ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ
țșȚȘȍȔȐȓ ȊȏȖȘ ȕȈ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȍ
ǷȖȓțȟȐȊ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȉțȌțȡȐȑ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒ ȊșȗȣȓȐȓ ȍȡȍ ȉȖ-
ȓȤȠȍ ȕȖ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȋȓȖ ǪȣȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑȏ șȍȉȧ Ȗȕ ȕȈȏȊȈȓ ǴțȝȖȓȖȊȒȐȕȈ ȉȍȏ-
ȕȈȌȍȎȕȖ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȔ Ȑ ȗȖȒȓȧȓșȧ ȟȍșȚȤȦ ȟȚȖ șȍșȚȘȈ ȕȍ șȚȍȘȗȐȚ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ Ȗș-
ȒȖȘȉȓȍȕȐȧ Ȋșȧ șȍȔȤȧ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȍȚ ȍȍ ȕȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȐȌȐȖȚȈ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔ ȕȍ ȌȖȎȐȌȈȧșȤ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȋȖȘȖȌȈ
ǺȍȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ȒȚȣȘȤ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȊșȚȘȍȊȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȏȊțȒȈȔȐ ȋȘȖȔȒȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȈ ȗȍȘȍȓȍȚȍȓ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȖ Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȕȈȠ ȋȍȘȖȑ țȉȍ-
ȌȐȊȠȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȗȖȑȔȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȖȗȖȔȕȐȓșȧ Ȑ Ȋ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȕȕȖȔ ȜȘȈȒȍ
ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ ȚȈȔ Ȗȕ țȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȏȢȍȝȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȟȚȖ șȊȈȌȤȉȣ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ
Ǫ ȌȖȔȍ ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐ șȒȈȏȈȊ ȟȚȖ ȉȈȘȣȠȕȧ ȉȖȓȤȕȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȍȚ
ȍȋȖ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ Ȉ ȘȖȌȕȣȍ ȍȍ șȖȊȍȚțȦȚ ȍȔț ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȊȏȌțȔȈȍȚ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȘȈȏ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȖȚ ȉȘȈȒȈ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȒȈȒ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȘȐȓȐȟȕȍȍ Ȉ ȕȍ ȗȖȌ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȋȖȔ ȓȖȊȓȐ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȔțȝȐ
ǪȌȖȉȈȊȖȒ ȉȘȈȚ ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ ȊȣȏȊȈȓ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȈ ȕȈ ȌțȥȓȤ ȕȖ Ȓ șȟȈșȚȤȦ ȕȍ țȉȐȓ ȍȋȖ
Ȉ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȕȐȓ Ȋ ȗȓȍȟȖ.
ǬȧȌȧ ȉȣȓ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȚȘȧșȍȕ Ȋșȍȑ ȥȚȖȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȍȑ ȕȖ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ
ȋȖȘȌ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ Ƕȕ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȓșȧ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȊȣȉȘȖșȐȓ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȖȓȓȍȒ-
ȞȐȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȒȚȣȘȍȑ Ȑ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞț ȗȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȐ
Ȏȍ ȖȚȚțȌȈ ȗȘȍȌȈȓșȧ ȊșȍȞȍȓȖ ȥȕȚȖȔȖȓȖȋȐȐ ȘȍȠȐȊ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȗ
ȎȍȕȐȚȤȉȍ

19
DZǹǮǰǮ IV
ǽǼǿǹdzDzǿȀǰǶȍ ȁDZǾȉǵdzǻǶǷ ǿǼǰdzǿȀǶ. ǻdzǶǵǰdzǿȀǻǮȍ ǺȁȃǮ.
DZǼǾȍȅǻǼǿȀȊ DzȍDzǶ. ȀǮǶǻǿȀǰdzǻǻǮȍ ǸǾȁǽǶǻǸǮ.
ǪșȧȒȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȧȌȧ țȏȕȈȊȈȓ Ȗ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȊȐȌȈȝ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȝ ȍȋȖ șȖȉȘȈȚȤȧȔȐ
ȗȖ ȕȈțȒȍ Ȗȕ ȖȒȐȌȣȊȈȓ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȊȏȖȘȖȔ ȒȖȘȖȉȒȐ ș ȕȍ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȍȡȍ
ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘȈȔȐ Ȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȊȏȌȣȝȈȓ «ǿȚȖȉȣ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȧ ȕȈȌȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȍ
șȟȈșȚȤȍ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȍȓȧ ȊȣȐȋȘȣȠȈ Ȋ ȓȖȚȍȘȍȦ», — ȚȊȍȘȌȐȓ Ȗȕ Ȉ ȍȔț ȕȍȉȖ ȕȍ
ȌȈȓȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ǰȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȘȈȏȊȍ țȌȈȍȚșȧ ȍȔț ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȍșȟȈșȚ-
ȕțȦ ȘȈȏȕȖȊȐȌȕȖșȚȤ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȒ Ȕȍȕȍȍ țșȍȘȌȕȣȍ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȐ șȗȓȖȠȤ ȌȈ ȘȧȌȖȔ
șȟȐȚȈȦȚ șȊȖȐ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȧ șȖȚȕȧȔȐ Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȐ ȌțȝȈ Ȗȕ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ș
ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȐȔ țșȍȘȌȐȍȔ ȗȍȘȍȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȍȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ țȓȖȊ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȒȚȖ ȏȕȈȍȚ,
ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȋ ȕȍȔ șȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘ șȗȖșȖȉȕȣȑ ȖȏȈȘȐȚȤ ȐȔȧ ǴțȝȖȓȖȊȒȐ-
ȕȈ ȕȖȊȖȑ șȓȈȊȖȑ DzȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȕȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȧ șȖȌȍȑșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȓ țȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȐȦ ȌȧȌȐȕȣȝ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȑ Ȉ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȗȖȖȡȘȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ-
ȌȍȎȌȣ
ǬȍȓȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ
ǪȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȋȖȌ Ȑȏ ȕȍȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȖȍȏȌȒȐ Ȋ ǯȈȒȖȗȈȕȤ ȧ
ȗȘȐȊȍȏ ȌȧȌȍ Ȋ ȗȖȌȈȘȖȒ ȒȖȘȖȉȒț șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȘțȟȕȖ șȖȉȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȗȓȖȌ
ȌȊțȝ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȥȒșȒțȘșȐȑ Ȋ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ țȘȖȟȐȡȈȝ ǺȈȚȘșȒȐȝ ǵȍ Ȍț-
ȔȈȑȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȥȚȖ Ȑȏ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ȗȖȌȖȓȤșȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȌȧȌȍ ǰȏȉȈȊȐ ǩȖȋ ȗȖȉțȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȧ ȔȖȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȟȐșȚȣ ȧ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȏȋȕȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ Țȍ ȖȋȖȘȟȍȕȐȧ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȧȓ ȍȔț ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖșȚȤȦ ș ȒȈȒȖȑ șȓțȠȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȓȍȒȞȐȐ Ȗ ȕȈșȍ-
ȒȖȔȣȝ
ǬȖȉȘȧȒ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȈȒțȦ ȒȈȔȍȕȐșȚțȦ ȗȖȟȊț ȗȈȌȈȦȚ șȍȔȍȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȒȘȈș-
ȕȖȘȍȟȐȧ Ȑ ȟȈșȚȖ Ȋ Țț ȔȐȕțȚț ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓ Ȑ țȊȓȍȒ Ȕȍȕȧ ȧ ȗȘȍ-
ȘȣȊȈȓ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ șȈȔȣȔ ȗȘȖȏȈȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȊȖȏȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȌȧȌȧ ȖȚ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ
ȚȍȘȧȓ ȋȖȓȖș Ȑ Ȋ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȐ ȏȈȓȈȔȣȊȈȓ șȍȉȍ ȘțȒȐ
ǷȘȐȏȕȈȦșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȟȈșȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȎȈȓȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȚȈȒ ȖȋȖȘȟȈȦ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȊȖȚ ȗȖȌ ȊȓȐȧ-
ȕȐȍȔ ȚȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ țȋȘȣȏȍȕȐȑ șȖȊȍșȚȐ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȝȖȚȤ ȖȚȟȈșȚȐ ȊȖȏȕȈȋȘȈȌȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ
Țȍ ȘȈȏȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓ ȍȔț
DzȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȧȌȧ țȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȔȈȧ ȧ ȍȌț Ȋ ǯȈȒȖȗȈȕȤ Ȗȕ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȊȘț-
ȟȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒțȦ șȍȚȒț Ȍȓȧ ȓȖȊȓȐ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ Ȑ ȒȖȘȖȉȒț ș ȗȘȐȉȖȘȈȔȐ Ȍȓȧ
Ȑȝ ȗȘȍȗȈȘȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȖșȧ ȗȘȐȊȍȏȚȐ ȍȔț ȝȖȚȤ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȦ Ȕțȝ ț ȕȍ-
ȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȔțȝȐ Ȑȏ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȖșȚȍȑ DzȈȘȗȈȚ ȗȖȑȔȈȕȕȖȑ ȊȍșȕȖȦ ǩȍȏ ȒȖ-
ȓȍȉȈȕȐȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȧ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȘȖȓȤ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑ-
ȕȣȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȧ ȉțȌȍȚ ȐȔȍȚȤ ȔȖȧ ȎȍȘȚȊȈ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ȖȕȈ ȊȣȏȖȊȍȚ
ȒȈȒȖȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȕȍȚ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȋȖ ȌȧȌȦȠȒȐ
ǵȖ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȔ ȏȈȉȍȋȈȚȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȍȘȕȍȔșȧ Ȓ ȘȈșșȒȈȏț
ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȉțȌț ȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ș ȒȈȒȖȦ ȌȧȌȧ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȔȖȑ șȒȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȗȖȌȈȘȖȒ.
ǪȏȧȊ ȒȖȘȖȉȒț ș ȔțȝȈȔȐ ȌȖȉȘȧȒ ș ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȐȍȔ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓ ȚȖ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ
ǭȔț țȎȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȖȊȘȈȚȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȊȍȘț ȟȚȖ ȧ șȚȈȕȖȊȓȦșȤ

20
șȚȘȈșȚȕȣȔ ȥȕȚȖȔȖȓȖȋȖȔ ǶȚȒȘȣȊ ȒȖȘȖȉȒț Ȑ țȊȐȌȈȊ ȍȍ șȖȌȍȘȎȐȔȖȍ Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ ȕȍȎ-
ȕȖ Ȑ ȋȖȘȧȟȖ ȖȉȕȐȔȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ.
— ǶȚ ȊșȍȋȖ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ Țȍȉȧ ȏȈ ȚȊȖȍ ȗȘȐȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȈȓȚȈȘȤ ȕȈțȒȐ —
ȊȣȔȖȓȊȐȓ Ȗȕ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȔ ȖȚ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ — Ǭȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȥȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ Ȑ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȈȧ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖșȚȤ
ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȗȕ ȕȈȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȖș ȖȟȒȐ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȚȤ ȕȈșȍȒȖ-
Ȕȣȝ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ șȊȍȘȒȕțȓȐ ȊȍșȍȓȣȔ ȉȓȍșȒȖȔ
— ǩȘȈȊȖ ȔȖȑ ȔȈȓȤȟțȋȈȕ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȇ ȊȐȎț Țȣ ȉțȌȍȠȤ șȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ
ȖȚȓȐȟȕȣȔ ȥȕȚȖȔȖȓȖȋȖȔ ǷȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȑ Ȋ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȘȖȌȍ Ȑ Țȣ șȌȍȓȈȍȠȤșȧ șȓȈȊȖȑ ȕȈ-
ȚțȘȈȓȐșȚȖȊ
ǩȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖȍ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȔȖȐȝ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȌȧȌȧ ȖȚȓȖȎȐȓ ȌȖ ȉȓȐȎȈȑ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȉțȌțȡȍȋȖ Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȓșȧ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȍȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘȣ ȖȉȘȈȏ-
ȞȖȊȖ ȕȈȒȖȓȖȚȣ Ȑ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȣ ǶȌȐȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘ ș ȗȖȓȖȔȈȕȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȕȖȎȒȈȔȐ ȕȈȋȕȈȓ ȚȍȕȤ ȕȍțȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȧ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ Ȉ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ș șȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȊ-
ȘȍȎȌȍȕȕȣȔ ȉȘȦȠȒȖȔ ȊȣȏȊȈȓ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ țȗȘȍȒ.
— ȅȚț Ȕțȝț ȧ țȎ ȕȐ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȤ — ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș Ȗȕ
ȋȘțșȚȕȖ — Ǻȣ ȗȖȊȘȍȌȐȓ șȈȔȣȑ ȖȚȓȐȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒ ȉȘȦȠȒȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ȘȈȏ-
ȌȈȊȓȍȕȖ
ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȕȈȘțȠȐȚȤ ȖȉȡȍȋȖ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖȋȖ
ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȧ ȌȧȌȐ Ƕȕ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȋȖȘȧȟȖ ȗȖȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ ȔȖȍ ȗȘȐȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ
Ȑ Ȕȣ ȘȈșșȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȌȘțȏȤȧȔȐ
ǹȗțșȚȧ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȧ șȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȓ ȌȧȌȍ Ȑ ȏȈșȚȈȓ ȍȋȖ șȐȧȦȡȐȔ Ȋ
ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖȔ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȌțȝȈ
— DzȈȒ ȗȖȎȐȊȈȍȠȤ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ǪȈȕȧ" — ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ Ȕȍȕȧ — ȇ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȈȌ, ȟȚȖ
Țȣ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ǹȈȌȐșȤ ȗȖȉȖȓȚȈȍȔ
ȇ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȥȚȖ «ȗȖȉȖȓȚȈȍȔ».
— Ǻȣ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊțȍȠȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȧȌȧ ȚȖȟȕȖ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ ȐȓȐ
ȚȖȟȕȖ ȧ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȑȏ ȒȘȈȚȍȘȈ ǪȍȏțȊȐȧ
— ǵȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȇ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊțȦ Țȍȉȧ ȒȈȒ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȍȚȍȓȧ ǷȘȐȔȐ Ȏȍ ȍȡȍ
ȘȈȏ ȔȖȦ ȊȍȓȐȒțȦ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖșȚȤ Ǻȣ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȈȓȖȊȍȕȤ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ǷȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȤ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȧ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȏȈ ȚȊȖȐȝ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ Ȑ șȘȈȏț ȕȈȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȣȑ
ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘ, ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȑ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕțȦ ȘȍȌȒȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȔ ȒȘȈȍ Ǫșȍ ȉțȌțȚ
ȏȈȊȐȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȥȚȖȑ ȕȈȝȖȌȒȍ
— Ǵȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȌȧȌȧ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȓ Țȍȉȍ ȚȈȒȖȍ țȌȖ-
ȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ
— ȅȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȍȡȍ — ȗȘȍȘȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ǴțȝȖȓȖȊȒȐȕ — ǹȓțȠȈȑ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȑ
ȘȈȌțȑșȧ ȊȔȍșȚȍ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ǭȌȊȈ ȗȖȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȧ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȘȍȌȒȐȔ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȔ ȒȈȒ ȊȕȐ-
ȔȈȕȐȍȔ ȔȖȐȔ ȏȈȊȓȈȌȍȓȖ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ǹ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒ
ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȈȧ ȋȍșșȍȕșȒȈȧ ȔțȝȈ ȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȉȓȐȎȍ — ȒȈȒ Țȣ ȌțȔȈȍȠȤ
ȟȚȖ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ" Ǻȣ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȕȖȊȣȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȍȡȍ ȊȐȌ ȇ ȘȍȠȐȓ
ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȚȊȖȐȔ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ǿȍșȚȤ ȥȚȈ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ Țȍȉȍ ȗȖ ȗȘȈȊț ȐȉȖ ȒȖȔț Ȏȍ,
ȒȈȒ ȕȍ Țȍȉȍ ȕȈțȒȈ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȈ ȥȚȐȔ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȍȔ"! ǷțșȚȤ ȟȍșȚȤ ȊȣȗȈȌȈȦȡȈȧ ȕȈ ȚȊȖȦ
ȌȖȓȦ ȗȘȐȖȝȖȚȐȚ Țȍȉȧ Ȓ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȔ ȚȘțȌȈȔ ȕȈ ȗȖȗȘȐȡȍ ȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȍș-
ȚȍșȚȊȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ǵȍ ȖȚșȚțȗȈȑ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗțȚȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȚȖȓȒȈȍȚ Țȍȉȧ șȈȔȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ Țȣ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȕȈȝȖȌȒț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ țȊȍȒȖȊȍȟȐȚ ȚȊȖȍ ȐȔȧ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȈȝ ȒȕȐ-

21
ȋȐ ȕȈțȒȐ ǷȍȘȊȣȑ ȚȊȖȑ ȖȗȣȚ țȌȈȓșȧ ȕȈ șȓȈȊț ǷȖȏȌȘȈȊȓȧȦ Țȍȉȧ ȖȚ ȊșȍȋȖ șȍȘȌ-
ȞȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊțȦ Ȋ Țȍȉȍ ȔȕȖȋȖȖȉȍȡȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȕȈȚțȘȈȓȐșȚȈ
ǬȧȌȧ țȊȓȍȒȈȓșȧ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȇ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȗȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȟȚȖ țȑȚȐ Ȕȕȍ
ȕȍ șȒȖȘȖ țȌȈșȚșȧ ǶșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȖȌȕȖ — ȏȈȗȈșȚȐșȤ ȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ șȓțȠȈȚȤ...
— Ǻȣ ȊȖȚ ȊȣșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓșȧ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȌȧȌȧ — ȗȘȖȚȐȊ șȗȍ-
ȞȐȈȓȐșȚȖȊ Ǩ ȘȈȏȊȍ Țȣ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȕȐ Ȑ ȔȖȋțȚ ș ȗȖȓȤ-
ȏȖȦ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈțȒȐ? ǷȘȖȠȓȐ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȚțȘȈȓȐșȚ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓșȧ Ȋșȍȑ
ȗȘȐȘȖȌȖȑ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȈȎȍ șȘȍȌȐ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȖȊ ȖȌȐȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȗȖșȊȧȚȐȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȗȈțȒȈȔ
ȌȘțȋȖȑ — ȘȈȒȈȔ ȥȚȖȚ — ȏȈȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ ȖȌȕȐȔȐ ȏȔȍȧȔȐ ȚȖȚ — ȓȧȋțȠȒȈȔȐ Ȑ Ț Ȍ
— ǷȖȔȐȓțȑ ȌȧȌȧ — ȗȖȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȧ ȊșȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȊȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ — ȕȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȚȈȒȐȍ Ȑș-
ȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȧ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȉȓȈșȚȐ Ȑ șȖȏȌȈȦȚ Țȍȝ țȟȍȕȣȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȈȐȊȕȣ ȒȈȒ ȌȍȚȐ ǪȖȏȤȔȍȔ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȕȈțȒț Ȗ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ
ȥȚȐ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕȣȍ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȏȈșȓțȎȐȊȈȦȚ ȊșȍȋȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ Ȋȣ ȐȔ ȗȖ-
șȊȧȡȈȍȚȍ" ǸȈȏȊȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȍțȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȋșȍ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȐȝ șțȡȍșȚȊ"
— ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ǶșȚȈȕȖȊȐșȤ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȒȘȈșȕȖȘȍȟȐȐ Țȣ Ȑ ȚȖ țȎȍ șȉȐȓșȧ
ș ȌȖȘȖȋȐ! — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȌȧȌȧ ȗȖȒȘȈșȕȍȊ ȖȚ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȧ — Ǻȣ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȍȠȤșȧ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȎȈȓȒȖȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȍ ȗȖȗȈȊȠȍȍșȧ Țȍȉȍ ȕȈ ȗțȚȐ ȐȔȍȓȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȏȕȈȟȍ-
ȕȐȍ Ȋ ȞȈȘșȚȊȍ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ" Ǻȣ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȍȠȤșȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȚȊȖȐ Ȗșȓȍȗȓȍȕȣ
ȕȍȐșȚȖȊȖȦ ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȤȦ ȚȊȖȐȔ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȍȔ ȐȓȐ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȗȧȚȐȗțȌȖȊȣȔ Ȋȍ-
șȖȔ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȍȡȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȧȕȤȒȈ ȕȈțȟȐȓȈ Țȍȉȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȖȚȊȘȈ-
ȡȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȥȚȐȔ «ȕȍȋȖȌȕȣȔ ȟȍȘȊȧȒȈȔ» ǵȖ șȉȘȖșȤ ȗȖȊȧȏȒț ș ȋȓȈȏ
ȏȈȉțȌȤ șȊȖȍ ȖȚȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȊșȔȖȚȘȐșȤ ȝȖȚȤ ȘȈȏ ȒȈȒ șȓȍȌțȍȚ Ȋ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȖȑ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔț ȏȍȔȕȖȔț ȠȈȘț Ȑ ȚȖȉȖȑ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȍȚ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȐ ȊȐȌȍ
ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Țȣ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȓ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȘȍȏȐȘȈȍȔȣȝ ȚȖȉȖȦ ȚȊȖȘȍ-
ȕȐȧȝ ǶȕȐ ȕȈȠȐ șȈȔȣȍ țșȍȘȌȕȣȍ ȝȖȚȤ Ȑ ȌȈȘȖȊȣȍ șȓțȋȐ ǿțȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ ȎȐȊȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȐșȗțșȚȐȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ȒȈȒ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȓȍȋȐȖȕȣ ȥȚȐȝ
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȉȓȦșȚȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦȚ ȕȈȌ ȖȟȐȡȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȖȏ-
ȌțȝȈ ȕȈȌ ȉȣșȚȘȖȑ țȉȖȘȒȖȑ ȘȈȏȓȈȋȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ȚȘțȗȈ ǭșȓȐ ȥȚȖȑ ȘȖȓȐ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ
ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ Ȍȓȧ Țȍȉȧ ȏȕȈȑ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȍȌȊȈ ȚȣșȧȟȕțȦ ȌȖȓȦ Ȋșȍȑ Ȑȝ
ȗȓȖȌȖȚȊȖȘȕȖȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ǷȖȌțȔȈȑ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȘțȏȍȑ Ȑ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȗȘȐȔȐȘȐ-
Ȕȣȝ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ ȐȔȍȦȚ ȓȦȌȐ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ǰ Țȍ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȋȖșȗȖȌșȚȊțȦȚ Ȋșȍ-
ȊȓȈșȚȕȖ Ȑ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ șȓȍȗȣȝ șȚȐȝȐȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȐȔ ȗȘȍȋȘȈȌȣ ǪȖȚ
ȋȌȍ ȒȖȕȟȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈȠȍ ȗȘȍșȓȖȊțȚȖȍ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȖ Ǻȣ ȞȈȘȤ Ȑ ȊȍȕȍȞ ȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ —
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ Ȗȕ ș ȎȈȘȖȔ — ǯȈȗȘȍȚȐ Ȏȍ ȎȈȓȒȖȑ ȜȐȓȖȒșȍȘȍ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȈȚȤ ȒȖȘȕȐ
ȚȊȖȐȝ ȊȐȕȖȋȘȈȌȕȐȒȖȊ ǪȍȌȤ ȚțȚ ȌȍȓȖ ȐȌȍȚ Ȗ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȍȎȍȋȖȌȕȖ Țȍ-
ȘȧȦȚ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȤȞȣ ȊȐȕȖȋȘȈȌȕȐȒȖȊ ǷȖȗȘȖȉțȑ ȐșȚȘȍȉȐȚȤ ȚȍȘȔȐȚȖȊ ǻȕȐȟȚȖȎȤ Ȋ
șȊȖȐȝ ȓȍșȈȝ ȏȓȖȊȘȍȌȕȣȝ Ȍȓȧ ȕȐȝ ȋțșȍȕȐȞ ȔȖȕȈȠȒȐ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȉȈȉȖȟȍȒ ǪȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ
Ȋșȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȖȏȧȊȒȐ Ǩ șȈȘȈȕȟȈ ǶȌȕȖ ȍȍ ȐȔȧ ȕȈȊȖȌȐȚ ȗȈȕȐȟȍșȒȐȑ
șȚȘȈȝ ȕȈ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ǨȏȐȐ Ȑ ǨȜȘȐȒȐ DzȘȐȒ «șȈȘȈȕȟȈ» ȏȕȈȟȐȚ «ȋȖȓȖȌ Ȑ ȔȖȘȖ-
ȊȈȧ ȧȏȊȈ» ǫȌȍ ȖȕȈ șȍȓȈ ȚȈȔ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȓȐșȚȒȈ ǶșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȏȘȈȒ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ ȐșȗȈȘȍȕȐȧ ȖȚ ȋȕȐȦȡȐȝ ȔȈșș ȔȍȘȚȊȖȑ șȈ-
ȘȈȕȟȐ
— ǵȖ ȌȧȌȧ țșȗȖȒȖȑșȧ ǵȈȔ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȈȔ ȕȍ ȋȘȖȏȧȚ ȕȐ ȚȍȘȔȐȚȣ ȕȐ șȈȘȈȕ-
ȟȈ Ȗ ȕȐȝ Ȕȣ ȍȌȊȈ ȐȔȍȍȔ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȍ ȗȖ ȘȐșțȕȒȈȔ Ȋ țȟȍȉȕȐȒȈȝ
— Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ-ȚȖ ȕȈȠȍ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȔȖȑ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȐȕȈȟȍ Ȕȣ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ,

22
ȕȍ ȌȖșȚȐȋȓȐ ȉȣ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȣșȖȚȣ ȞȐȊȐȓȐȏȈȞȐȐ ǵȖ Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȕȐȝ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȊȐȌȣ
ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȗȘȐȕȖșȧȚ ȕȈȔ ȕȍȐșȟȐșȓȐȔȣȑ ȊȘȍȌ Ǫ ȖȌȕȖȔ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȔ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȐȒȍ ȧ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȚȈȒțȦ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȔȖȓȐȚȊț «ǶȚ ȚțȘȒȈ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ
Ȑ ȟȍȘȊȍȑ ȓȍșȕȣȝ ȐȏȉȈȊȐ ȕȈș ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ» ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȚȘȐ ȊȍȒȈ șȗțșȚȧ ȗȘȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈ-
ȠȐȝ ȗȖȏȕȈȕȐȧȝ Ȕȣ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȔ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȕȐȝ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ
— ǵȖ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ șȒȈȎȐ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȓȦȌȧȔ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȚȊȖȐ
Ȑ ȚȊȖȐȝ șȖȉȘȈȚȤȍȊ ȗȖ ȕȈțȒȍ" DzȖȔț ȒȈȒȖȑ ȚȖȓȒ ȖȚ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȑ Ȑ ȖȗȘȍȌȍ-
ȓȍȕȐȑ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ?
ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ǴțȝȖȓȖȊȒȐȕ țșȔȍȝȕțȓșȧ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȊȣȌȊȐȕțȓ ȧȡȐȒ ș ȉȈ-
ȉȖȟȒȈȔȐ
— ǪȖȚ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȔȖȑ ȌȊȈ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘȈ — țȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȕȈ ȌȊțȝ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȕȍȊȏȘȈȟ-
ȕȣȝ ȔȖȚȣȓȤȒȖȊ — ǵȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȝȖȎȐ ȌȘțȋ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȈ" ǷȖȌțȔȈȍȠȤ
ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȊȐȌ Ȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖ șȈȌȖȊ-
ȕȐȒȖȊ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȖȌȐȕ — șȈȔȈȧ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȈȧ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȈ ȎȐȊțȡȈȧ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ șȖȘ-
ȕȣȝ ȚȘȈȊȈȝ ȌȘțȋȖȑ Ȏȍ — ȉȐȟ șȈȌȖȊ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ șȈȌȖȊȕȐȒ ȏȕȈȓ ȥȚȖ ȚȖ ȏȈȉȓȈȋȖ-
ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ ȏȓț ȕȖ, ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȕȍ țȟȐȓșȧ ȥȕȚȖȔȖȓȖȋȐȐ ȚȖ Ȑ Ȋȣ-
ȔȍȡȈȍȚ ȟȈșȚȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȣȝ ȎȍȘȚȊȈȝ ȗȘȖșȚȖȋȖ șȝȖȌșȚȊȈ țȉȣȚȖȒ ȕȈȕȍșȍȕȕȣȑ ȍȔț
ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȔ ȊȐȕȖȊȕȐȒȖȔ Ȉ ȥȚȖȔț ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȔț ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȍȚ ȘȈȏȔȕȖȎȈȚȤșȧ șȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ țȋȖȌȕȖ ǹȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȖȠȐȉȖȒ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣ ȐȏȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȖ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ țȔȍȓȖ
ȐȏȊȓȍȒȈȚȤ ȗȖȓȤȏț Ȑȏ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȕȈțȒȐ ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȘȍȌȕȣȝ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȘȈȏȔȕȖȎȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȖȚȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ Ȑȝ ȕȍ ȘȈșȗȖȏȕȈȓȐ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȐșȚȘȍȉȐȓȐ ȗȖȒȈ ȍȡȍ Ȑȝ ȉȣȓȖ
ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȇ ȔȖȋț ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ Țȍȉȍ șȖȚȕȐ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȖȊ ǶȠȐȉȈȦȚșȧ Ȑ ȖȠȐȉȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȖșȚȣȍ ȕȖ Ȑ ȒȖȘȖȕȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ǶȌȐȕ ȘȈȏ ȋțȓȧȧ ȧ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȖșȚȘȖȊȒȐ ȏȈșȖȝȠȍȑ ȚȘȈȊȣ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȖȚȒȕțȚȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȒȖȓȤȧ ȖȉȊȧȏȈȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȚȘȧȗȒȈȔȐ — ȖȌȕȐȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ ȗțȋȈȓȈ Ȍȓȧ ȗȚȐȞ ǸȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȊ ȚȘȈȊț ȗȖȉȓȐȎȍ ȧ
țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȒȖȘȕȐ ȍȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȐȏȋȘȣȏȍȕȣ ȓȐȟȐȕȒȈȔȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȎțȒȈ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȧȌ-
ȕȣȍ ȗȚȐȞȣ ȗȐȚȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȥȚȐȔȐ ȓȐȟȐȕȒȈȔȐ ȌȖȉȣȊȈȧ Ȑȝ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȗȖȊȣ-
ȘȣȊȈȓȐ ȚȈȔ Ȑ șȧȔ ȒȓȖȟȒȐ ȌȍȘȕȈ ǯȈ șȊȖȐ Ȏȍ țșȓțȋȐ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȣȍ ȗȚȈȠȒȐ șȖȟȚȍȕȣ
ȉȣȓȐ ȊȐȕȖȊȕȐȞȈȔȐ ȏȓȈ Ȑ ȔțȌȘȣȑ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȗțȋȈȓȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȋȖȕȧȚȤ
șȊȖȐȝ ȓțȟȠȐȝ ȌȘțȏȍȑ ǺȈȒțȦ Ȏȍ ȖȠȐȉȒț șȌȍȓȈȓ Ȑ ǼȘȐȌȘȐȝ ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ Ƕȕ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȓȦȉȐȓ ȊȐȠȕȐ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȉȖȚȐȓșȧ Ȗ ȕȐȝ ǹ ȥȚȖȑ ȞȍȓȤȦ Ȗȕ ȐȏȌȈȓ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȈȏ ȓȖȊȐȚȤ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ Ȑ ȊșȧȟȍșȒȐ ȐșȚȘȍȉȓȧȚȤ ȊȖȘȖȉȤȍȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȒȈȒ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȓȈȒȖȔȣ ȌȖ ȥȚȐȝ ȊȒțșȕȣȝ ȜȘțȒȚȖȊ ǵț Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐșȤ ȐșȚȘȍȉȓȧȚȤ ȊȖȘȖȉȤȍȊ
șȖ ȊșȍȔ ȎȈȘȖȔ ȒȖȘȣșȚȖȓȦȉȐȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȗȓȈȚȐȓȖ ȏȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ
ȗȖ 3 ȒȖȗ ǰ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȣȠȓȖ" ǷȖȚȘȈȚȐȓȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ Țȣșȧȟ Șțȉȓȍȑ Ȉ Ȋ
ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȗȖ șȈȌȈȔ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȐȠȕȐ — ȓȐșȚȒȈ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȑȚȐ Ȋșȍ ȗȖ-
ȎȐȘȈȓȐ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȣ ǼȘȐȌȘȐȝ ǪȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȖȚȔȍȕȐȓ șȊȖȑ ȕȍțȌȈȟȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȒȈȏ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ
ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȓȈȚȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȊȖȘȖȉȤȍȊ ȕȖ țȎȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍ ȏȈ ȐșȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȍ Ȉ ȏȈ ȘȈȏȊȍ-
ȌȍȕȐȍ Ȑȝ Ȑȝ șȚȈȓȐ ȗȘȐȊȖȏȐȚȤ Ȑȏ ȟțȎȐȝ șȚȘȈȕ
ǬȖȓȋȖ Ȑ ȋȖȘȧȟȖ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȧȓșȧ ȌȧȌȧ Ȗ ȗȖȓȤȏȍ Ȑ Ȗ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȐ șȊȖȍȑ ȓȦȉȐ-
ȔȖȑ ȕȈțȒȐ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ Ȗ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȧȝ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȉȈȉȖȟȍȒ ȎțȒȖȊ ȖȊȖȌȖȊ Ȑ ȚȖȔț ȗȖȌȖȉ-
ȕȣȝ ȒȘȣȓȈȚȣȝ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȑ
ǭȋȖ ȒȘȈșȕȖȘȍȟȐȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȉȈȦȒȐȊȈȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǷȖȌ ȔȍȘȕȣȍ ȏȊțȒȐ ȍȋȖ Șȍȟȍȑ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȖȌ ȎțȘȟȈȕȐȍ ȋȖȘȕȖȋȖ ȘțȟȍȑȒȈ Ȕȍȟ-
Țȣ ȔȖȐ țȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ǴȣșȓȐ șȚȈȓȐ ȗțȚȈȚȤșȧ Ȑșȟȍȏ Ȑȏ ȋȓȈȏ ȒȈ-

23
ȉȐȕȍȚ țȟȍȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȗȈȓȐ ȔțȝȐ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ Ȑ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȗȈȓ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȊȍșȤ
ȔȐȘ ǪȌȘțȋ ȧ ȊșȚȘȍȗȍȕțȓșȧ ǵȈȌ șȈȔȣȔ țȝȖȔ ȔȖȐȔ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș
ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ǴțȝȖȓȖȊȒȐȕȈ:
— ǯȈșȕțȓ ǷȖȒȖȑȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȧ ȒȖȕȟț ȖȉȏȖȘ ȚȊȖȐȝ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȇ țȊȍ-
Șȍȕ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȚȊȖȍȔ ȘȖȋȍ ȐȏȖȉȐȓȐȧ ȕȈȑȌțȚșȧ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȍȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȍ ȊȍȡȐ
ǹ ȥȚȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȌȧȌȧ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȒȖȘȖȉȒȍ șȕȖȊȈ ȊȣȕȐȔȈȧ Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȣ-
ȊȈȧ ȒȖȏȧȊȖȒ
«Ǵȕȍ-ȚȖ ȌȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ" — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȧ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȔț
ȘȈȦ ȔȍȟȚȈȕȐȑ Ȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȔȍȠȈȚȤ ȌȧȌȍ ȧ ȗȘȐȔȖșȚȐȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ țȌȖȉȕȍȍ Ȋ
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȒȘȍșȓȍ Ȑ țȎȍ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓ ȌȘȍȔȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ ȘȈȏȌȈȓȖșȤ ȕȖȊȖȍ ȊȖșȒȓȐȞȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ — ȒȘȐȒ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȔ
ȇ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȗȣȓȒȖȋȖ ȔțȝȖȓȖȊȈ Ǫșȧ ȍȋȖ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȓȈ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȣșȠțȦ
șȚȍȗȍȕȤ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȧ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȍȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ Ȗȕ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ Ȕțȝț ȕȈșȈȎȍȕȕțȦ
ȕȈ ȉțȓȈȊȒț «ǶȗȧȚȤ ȊȍȘȕȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȧ. — ǻȌȐ-
ȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ Ȕȕȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ǸȍȌȒȐȍ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘȣ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȕȈȘȖȟȕȖ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȚȣȊȈȓȐșȤ
ȗȖȌ ȔȖȑ șȈȟȖȒ» ȇ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȌȧȌȦ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ ȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ǬȧȌȧ
ȚȖȟȕȖ ȖȋȓȖȝ Ȑ ȊȍșȤ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȐȓșȧ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȑ Ȕțȝȍ
— ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ" ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ" — ȊȖșȒȓȐȞȈȓ Ȗȕ ȗȖȔȐȕțȚȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȧȧ
ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȧ Ȕțȝț ȊȖ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ
ǩȣșȚȘȣȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ Ȗȕ Ȕțȝț Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȚȍȒȓȣȠȒȖ ȊȋȓȧȌȣ-
ȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȍ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȗȕ, ȕȍ ȖȚȘȣȊȈȧșȤ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓșȧ ȓțȗȈ ȊȣȗȈȓȈ Ȑȏ ȖȉȍșșȐȓȍȊȠȍȑ ȘțȒȐ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ș ȠțȔȖȔ ȘȈȏȉȐȓȈșȤ Ȗ
ȗȈȘȒȍȚ
ȇ ȖȒȈȔȍȕȍȓ ȖȚ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ ǹȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȍ.
ȇ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ șȖ șȊȖȍȋȖ țȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ ȔȍșȚȈ Ȑ ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ȌȧȌȍ
— ǹȓțȠȈȑ ǪȈȕȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȊ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȔȖȍȑ Șț-
ȒȐ — ȧ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ș țȔȈ șȖȠȍȓ
— ǵȖ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȚȈȒȖȍ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ" — țșȗȖȒȈȐȊȈȓ ȧ ȍȋȖ — ǵȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȚȈȒ ȊȖȓ-
ȕȖȊȈȚȤșȧ șȈȌȐșȤ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ Ȑ șȒȈȎȐ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ Țȍȉȧ ȚȈȒ ȘȈșșȚȘȖȐȓȖ" ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ,
ȕȖȊȣȑ ȊȐȌ" ǵȖ Țȍȉȍ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ Ȋ ȌȐȒȖȊȐȕȒț
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍȚ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȐ șȦȌȈ. ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȧ ȖȠȐȉșȧ
ǬȧȌȧ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȉțȓȈȊȒț Ȑ Ȋȣȕțȓ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȗȓȈȚȖȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȉȚȍȘȍȚȤ ȘȈȏ-
ȋȖȘȧȟȍȕȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ
ȇ Ȋȏȧȓ ȔȈȠȐȕȈȓȤȕȖ ȉțȓȈȊȒț Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤ Ȕțȝț Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȍț-
ȔȈȧ ȟȍȔ ȉȣ țșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤ ȌȧȌȦ ȗȘȐȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȖȚ ȟȘȍȏ-
ȔȍȘȕȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ
— ǪȈȕȧ ț Țȍȉȧ ȊȍȌȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȍ ȏȘȍȕȐȍ" ǯȈȒȓȐȕȈȦ Țȍȉȧ șȒȈȎȐ ȗȘȈȊȌț Țȣ ȕȐ-
ȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȍȠȤ ȕȈ ȉȍȌȘȍ ȓȍȊȖȑ ȕȖȎȒȐ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȈȘȣ"
— DzȈȒ Ȏȍ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȗȘȐșȚȈȊȠȍȍ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȉȍȓȖȍ ȏȍȘȕȣȠȒȖ
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ — ȗȖȌȝȊȈȚȐȓ ș ȋȖȘȧȟȕȖșȚȤȦ ȌȧȌȧ. — ǯȕȈȟȐȚ Ȑ Țȣ ȥȚȖ ȊȐ-
ȌȐȠȤ"
— ǪȐȎț ȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȏ ȚțȚ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȋȖ"
— DzȈȒ ȚȈȒ" ǰ Țȣ ȍȡȍ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȠȤ" ǪȋȓȧȌȐșȤ ȗȖȉȓȐȎȍ Ȑ șȒȈȎȐ ȟȚȖ țȊȐ-
ȌȐȠȤ ȕȖ șȒȈȎȐ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȐșȗȖȊȍȌȐ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȍȊȣȠȈȍȚ ȊșȧȒțȦ ȊȍȘȖȧȚ-
ȕȖșȚȤ

ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȕȈȟȈȓ țȎȍ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ ȗȖȉȈȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȏȈ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍ ȌȧȌȦȠȒȐ ǶȟȍȊȐȌ-
ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȕȍ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ țȔȍ
«ǪȖȚ ȖȕȐ, ȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȧ ȔȖȏȋȖȊȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍțȚȖȔȓȍȕȐȧ — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ — Ȗȝ
țȎ ȥȚȈ ȥȕȚȖȔȖȓȖȋȐȧ»
ǺȈȒȐȍ ȔȣșȓȐ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȐ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȗȖȒȈ ȧ ș ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȖȔ ȗȘȐșȔȈȚȘȐ-
ȊȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȗȓȖșȒȖȑ ȒȘțȗȐȕȒȍ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȖȑ Ȋ ȌȊȈ ȔȈȒȖȊȣȝ ȏȍȘȕȣȠȒȈ ȊȐșȧȡȍȑ ȕȈ
ȚȖȕȍȕȤȒȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȗȈțȚȐȕȈ ȊȖȓȖșȒȍ ǴȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȈȘȖȟȕȖ
ȍȍ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȌȊȍșȐȓ ǿȚȖȉȣ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȧ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ ȌȧȌȍ ȔȖȐ ȗȘȍȌȋȦȓȖȎȍ-
ȕȐȧ
— ǰ Ȕȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ Ȗȕ — ǵȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȍȠȤ ȓȐ Țȣ ȕȈ ȉȍȓȖȔ ȜȖ-
ȕȍ ȟȍȘȚȖȟȍȒ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ șȚȘȖȒ" ǷȖȌ ȓțȗȖȑ ȥȚȖ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȅȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍș-
ȒȖȍ ȗȐșȈȕȐȍ
— ǷȐșȈȕȐȍ" — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ ȧ ȗȘȖȚȧȎȕȖ Ȑ ȖȗȈșȍȕȐȧ ȔȖȐ ȏȈ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȌȧȌȐ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȘȈșșțȌȒȈ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȊȖȏȘȖșȓȐ
dzȐȞȖ ȔȖȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȓȖ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȖȍ ș ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȐȍȔ ǬȧȌȧ
ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȖȎȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȍȌțȘȕȣ ǿȍȘȕȣȍ ȠȚȘȐȝȐ — ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȚȘȖȟȒȐ
ȗȐșȤȔȈ
— ǵȖ ȖȚȒțȌȈ Ȏȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȕȈ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȒȘțȗȐȕȒȍ" ǿȤȧ ȘțȒȈ șȗȖșȖȉȕȈ ȕȈȗȐșȈȚȤ
ȍȋȖ". — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȧ Ȋ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȐ
— ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȇ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦ ȉȘȍȌȐȚȤ
— ȇ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȌțȔȈȦ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ȧ ȕȍȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ Ȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈȟȈȓ
țȉȍȎȌȈȚȤ ȌȧȌȦ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȖȉȔȈȕ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȟȚȖ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȈȘȈ-
ȏȐȚ ȗȘȐȓȍȗȐȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȓ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡț ȔțȝȐ ȏȈ ȗȈțȚȐȕȒț șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȖȉȔȖȚȈȊȠțȦșȧ
ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȍȍ ȕȖȎȒȐ Ǫ ȌțȠȍ Ȏȍ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȖȉȍșȗȖȒȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȌȧȌȐȕȣȔ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ
ȘȍȠȐȓ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȚȤ ȊȘȈȟȈ
ǵȖ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ǴțȝȖȓȖȊȒȐȕ ȖșȚȣȓ ș ȗȍȘȊȣȝ Ȏȍ ȔȖȐȝ șȓȖȊ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ Ȋȏȧȓ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ
ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȦȡȍȑ ȍȋȖ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘ Ƕȕ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȒȘȐȒ ȊȣȘȊȈȓșȧ
Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȋȘțȌȐ ǵȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȒȘȐȒ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȓ ȗȍȟȈȓȤ Ȑ ȘȈȏȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ
— DzȘțȗȐȕȒȈ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ
— ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ țȗȈȓȈ
ǶȉȈ Ȕȣ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈȌ șȚȖȓȖȔ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȉțȓȈȊȒț ș ȕȈșȍ-
ȒȖȔȣȔ ȐșȒȈȓȐ ȕȖ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ǩȍȓȖȍ ȏȍȘȕȣȠȒȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȐ-
ȓȖșȤ
ǶȉȣșȒȈȓȐ șȚȈȘȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȦȑȔ șȚȖȓȈ Ȑ ȗȖȓȈ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȊ șȕȖȊȈ ȐșȒȈȓȐ
ȕȖ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȐȏȔțȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓȐ șȍȉȍ ȊȍșȤ ȥȚȖȚ șȓțȟȈȑ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȘȈș-
șȚȘȖȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ǷȖșȔȍȧȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈȌ ȊșȍȔ ȥȚȐȔ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȍȔ ȧ ȘȈș-
ȗȘȖȡȈȓșȧ ș ȌȧȌȍȑ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȘȈșșȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧȝ

25
DZșȎȐȎ V
ǻdzǼǯȉǸǻǼǰdzǻǻǼdz ǽǾǶǸǹȌȅdzǻǶdz ǹǼǾDzǮ ǽȁȄǸǶǻǿǮ
 ȂȁǻȀǼǰ ǿȀdzǾǹǶǻDZǼǰ ǻǮDZǾǮDzȉ
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȊșȍȋȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȌȈ Ȑ ȚȖ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚȒț ȗȘȖȊȍȌȈȓ ȧ ȌȧȌȦ ȇ
șȗȍȠȐȓ Ȋ ǫȍȑȌȍȓȤȉȍȘȋ ȋȌȍ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȡȐȡȈȚȤ ȌȐșșȍȘȚȈȞȐȦ ȕȈ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ
ȗȘȈȊ Ǵȣ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȈȝ, Ȑ ȧ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȌȧȌȦ ȊȖ
Ȋșȍȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧȝ ȘȈșșțȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ǷȘȐ ȗȘȖȡȈȕȐȐ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ Ȗȕ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ șȊȖȍȑ
ȐȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȑ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȚȍȘȧȍȚ ȍȡȍ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ
ȗțȚȤ ȥȕȚȖȔȖȓȖȋȐȐ ȇ ȊȖȏȘȈȎȈȓ, ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ
ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȌȧȌȧ Ȏȍ ȕȈșȚȈȐȊȈȓ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȘȈȏȕȖȋȓȈșȐȍ Ȕȣ ȘȈșșȚȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȌȘțȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȌȊȈ ȔȍșȧȞȈ, ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ Ȕȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȊȍȘ-
ȕțȚȤșȧ șȕȖȊȈ Ȋ ǪȈȘȠȈȊț
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȏȈȕȧȚȣȑ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȓȍȒȞȐȧȔȐ ȧ ȕȐ ȘȈȏț ȕȍ ȏȈȌȈȓșȧ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȔ
ȗȖȟȍȔț ȥȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ ȖȚ ȔȐȓȖȋȖ ȌȧȌȦȠȒȐ ȕȈ șȊȖȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ
ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ
 ǶȉȢȧșȕȧȧ ȥȚȖ șȍȉȍ ȖȉȣȟȕȣȔ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȒȖȔ ȊȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȐ ȧ șȗȈȓ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ țȎȍ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȎȈȧ Ȓ ȌȖȔț ȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȊ ȒȈȒȖȑ
ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȗȐșȒȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓșȧ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȌȧȌȧ
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȍȏȌȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȍȕȤȍ ǯȕȈȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȗȘȈȏȌ-
ȕȐȒȐ ȌȧȌȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȐȌȐȚ ȌȖȔȈ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȕȈȊȍșȚȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ
ǻ ȊȝȖȌȈ Ȋ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘț Ȕȍȕȧ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ǫȘȐȋȖȘȐȑ Ȑ ȧ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȓȐ ȉȈ-
ȘȐȕ ǪȍȘȕȣȑ șȓțȋȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ǭȡȍ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ Ȗȕ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȗȖȚțȗȐȊ ȋȓȈȏȈ
— ǵț ȟȚȖ Ȏ Ȋȣ șȒȖȘȖ ȎȌȍȚȍ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȏȈȌ"
— ǮȌț-ȚȖ ȎȌț, Ȑ ȌȕȍȔ Ȑ ȕȖȟȤȦ, ȊȖȚ țȎ șȒȖȘȖ ȌȊȈ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐ Ȓ
ǨȕȚȖȕț ȕȍ ȝȖȎț Ȋșȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȌȖȎȌȈȚȤșȧ
— ǬȈ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȚȈȒȖȍ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ ș țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ — ǶȚȟȍȋȖ Ȋȣ Ȕȕȍ
șȘȈȏț ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ țȍȝȈȓ"
— ǺȈȒ ȚȧȎȒȖ ȟȚȖ țȎ ȕȍȖȝȖȚȈ Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ǪȍȓȐȒȈȧ ȉȍȌȈ șȚȘȧșȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌ
ȉȈȘȐȕȖȔ
— ǬȈ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ" — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȧ Ȋ Ȑșȗțȋȍ — ǿȚȖ Ȗȕ ȏȈȉȖȓȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ" ǫȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȚȍ Ȏȍ ȚȖȓȒȖȔ
— ȇ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȕȣ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȑ ȗȖȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȉȣ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ
Ȋȣ ȉȈȘȐȕ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋ ǪȈȘȠȈȊȍ Ȉ ȚȖ ȧ ȖȌȐȕ.. ǿȚȖ ȧ ȔȖȋ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ" ǵȍ ȗțșȚȐȚȤ"
ǵȖ ȘȈȏȊȍ Ȗȕ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȓ ȉȣ" ǵț Ȑ ȗțșȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȌȖȘȖȋț Ȗȕ Ȑ ȗȘȖȗȈȓ
— ǿȚȖ Ȋȣ ǫȘȐȋȖȘȐȑ ȊȣȌțȔȣȊȈȍȚȍ" Ǫȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ — ȉȈȘȐȕ țȍȝȈȓ ǿȚȖ Ȏ ȚțȚ
țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ" DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȋȖȌ Ȗȕ ȒțȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȍȏȌȐȚ ǪȍȘȕȍȚșȧ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȚțȚ
ǫȘȐȋȖȘȐȑ ȖȚȘȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ǿțȌȈȒ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȉȈȊȓȧȚȤ
— ǺȈȒ Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȕȍȚșȧ" — ȕȈȟȈȓ ȧ țșȔȍȝȈȧșȤ — ǹ ȟȍȋȖ Ȏȍ ȊȈȔ ȥȚȖ
ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ" ǵȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ Ȗȕ șȈȔ ȠțȚȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȊȈȔ ȥȚȖ"
— ǰȏȉȈȊȐ ǩȖȋ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȕȖ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔț ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȧ ȌȖȋȈ-

26
ȌȣȊȈȦșȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ"
— ǹȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȊȍȡȐ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ǫȘȐȋȖȘȐȑ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ Ȗ ȗȖȊȍ-
ȌȍȕȐȐ ȌȧȌȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȖȚȢȍȏȌȖȔ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȋȖ, ȕȍșȒȓȈȌȕȖȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ Ȗȕ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȔȖȓȒ Ȑ țȌȈȘȐȓ șȍȉȧ Șț-
ȒȖȑ ȗȖ ȓȉț
— ǿȍȋȖ Ȏȍ ȧ-ȚȖ ȉȖȓȚȈȦ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȍȋȖ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ǻȍȏȎȈȧ
ȉȈȘȐȕ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȊȈȔ Ȋ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋȣ ȏȈȑȌȍ-
Țȍ Ȓ ȕȈȔ
— ǺȈȒ ȍșȚȤ ȗȐșȤȔȖ" ǵț ȊȖȚ, Ȋșȍ șȍȑȟȈș Ȑ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚșȧ Ƕȝ ǫȘȐȋȖȘȐȑ ǫȘȐȋȖ-
ȘȐȑ ǰ ȕȍ șȚȣȌȕȖ ȓȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȗȓȍșȚȐ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȒȈȏȖȒ
— DzȈȒ ǩȖȋ șȊȧȚ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ
— ǵț ȓȈȌȕȖ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȐȔ ǬȈȊȈȑȚȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȎȐȊȍȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȔȖȐȝ ȘțȒȈȝ Ȑ ȧ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȊ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȓ
șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ

27
«ǴȐȓȣȑ ǪȈȕȧ
ǷȖȚȍȘȧȕȕțȦ ȒȘțȗȐȕȒț ȧ ȕȈȠȍȓ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȓ ȗȖȌ ȔȐȒȘȖșȒȖȗȖȔ
Ǻȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȠȤ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ ȧ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȍ ȖȚ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȧ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȧ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊ
ǹȗȍȠț ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȘȖȌȍ șȓțȟȈȍȔ Ȍȓȧ ȕȖȊȣȝ Ȑșșȓȍ-
ȌȖȊȈȕȐȑ Ȑ ȊȣȍȏȎȈȦ Ȋ dzȖȕȌȖȕ ǸȍȠȐȓ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȕȈȑȌț ȉțȚȣȓȖȟ-
Ȓț Ȑ ȍȋȖ
ǷȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȌȍȓȖ ȥȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȖȔȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȕȖ ȧ ȗȘȐȓȖȎț Ȋșȍ șȊȖȐ șȚȈ-
ȘȈȕȐȧ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȍȋȖ ȍȡȍ șȗȈșț ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȗȖȕȈȌȖ-
ȉȐȓȈșȤ ȚȊȖȧ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ȖȉȘȈȡțșȤ Ȓ Țȍȉȍ Ȉ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȗȐȠț ǵȈ ȔȖȍȔ
ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȖȔ șȚȖȓȍ Țȣ ȕȈȑȌȍȠȤ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȓȖȘȌȈ ǷțȞȒȐȕșȈ Ƕȕ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚ
Țȍȉȍ Ȋșȍ
ǶȘȐȋȐȕȈȓ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȑ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȒ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ Ȍȓȧ țȌȖșȚȖȊȍȘȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȓțȟȈȧ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȐȧ ȚȊȖȐȝ ȌȍșȧȚȐ Țȣșȧȟ ȜțȕȚȖȊ ȧ
ȉȍȘț ș șȖȉȖȑ ǩțȌȤ ȏȌȖȘȖȊ ǶȉȕȐȔȈȦ Țȍȉȧ
dzȦȉȧȡȐȑ Ȑ ȗȖ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȣȑ ȌȧȌȧ
ǰȊȈȕ ǴțȝȖȓȖȊȒȐȕ».
«ǷțșȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȊȍșȧȚ ȍșȓȐ ȧ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖȕȧȓ» — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȧ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȘȈȏ
ȗȍȘȍȟȐȚȣȊȈȧ ȥȚȖ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȍ ȗȖșȓȈȕȐȍ ǵȈȑȌȍȕȕȈȧ ȒȘțȗȐȕȒȈ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȣȑ ȖȚȢȍȏȌ,
ȗȐșȤȔȖ ǷțȞȒȐȕșȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȜȓȈȒȖȕȟȐȒ ȌȍșȧȚȤ Țȣșȧȟ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȥȚȈ
ȋȖȘȧȟȈȧ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖșȚȤ ȌȧȌȐ ǷȖȓȕȈȧ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȉȈȘȐȕ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȧ ǫȘȐȋȖȘȐȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț
ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȗȖșȒȖȘȍȑ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȕȖȊȖșȚȐ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȦȡȐȍșȧ Ȋ ȗȐșȤȔȍ
ǪȖȗȘȖș ȍȋȖ șȔțȚȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ǯȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔ ȧ ȠțȚȐȓ ȕȈȌ șȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȖȗȈșȍȕȐȧȔȐ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ șȓțȋȐ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ȍȋȖ ȉȈșȕȍȑ Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȈȔ
ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȖ ȊșȍȔ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȖȌțȔȈȚȤ ǵȍ ȎȍȓȈȧ șȘȈȏț șȌȈȊȈȚȤșȧ ȧ șȓȖȎȐȓ șȗȖ-
ȒȖȑȕȖ ȗȐșȤȔȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȝ șȓȖȊȈȝ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȌȧȌȧ țȍȝȈȓ Ȋ dzȖȕȌȖȕ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ
ȊȍȘȕȍȚșȧ ǹȓȖȊȈ ȔȖȐ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓȐ ǫȘȐȋȖȘȐȧ ȕȖ Ȕȍȕȧ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȖȕȐ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ țȌȖȊȓȍȚ-
ȊȖȘȧȓȐ «ǵȈ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȖȔ șȚȖȓȍ ȕȈȑȌȍȠȤ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȓȖȘȌȈ ǷțȞȒȐȕșȈ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȍ Ȋșȍ Țȍȉȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚ», — șȒȈȏȈȕȖ Ȋ ȗȐșȤȔȍ ȌȧȌȐ
ǻȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȑȌț ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȍ ȏȈȋȈȌȒȐ ȧ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ țșȍȘȌȕȖ ȏȈ ȘȖȏȣșȒȐ
ȘțȒȖȗȐșȐ Ȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȕȈȠȍȓ șȘȍȌȐ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȉțȔȈȋ
ȗȈȒȍȚ ȈȌȘȍșȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȕȈ ȔȖȍ ȐȔȧ ȇ ȍȋȖ ȊșȒȘȣȓ Ȑ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ ȔȖȐȔ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓȈșȤ
ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȚȍȚȘȈȌȒȈ ȗȖȟȚȖȊȖȑ ȉțȔȈȋȐ Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȚȍȚȘȈȌȒȐ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȗȖȌȗȐșȤ
«dzȖȘȌ ǷțȞȒȐȕș Ȑȏ ǷțȞȒȐȕșȚȖȕȈ ǷȐșȈȕȖ Ȋ ǺȈȚȘȈȝ Ȋ ȋȕȍȏȌȍ ȗȈțȒȈ -ȋȖ ȐȦ-
ȓȧ  ȋȖȌȈ».
ǷȘȐȊȖȎț ȞȍȓȐȒȖȔ ȥȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ
«ǬȘțȏȤȧ ȔȖȐ
ǷȐȠț ȊȈȔ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ș ȚȖȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ Ȑ ȗȖșȣȓȈȦ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ș ȗȖșȓȈȕȞȍȔ ȒȈȒȐȔ
ȍȡȍ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓșȧ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȟȚȖȊȣȝ țșȓțȋ ș ȔțȝȖȑ ȊȣȠȍȌȠȍȑ ȕȈ ȔȖȐȝ

28
ȋȓȈȏȈȝ Ȑȏ ȒțȒȖȓȒȐ Ǫ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ țȒȘȍȗȓȧȓȈ Ȑ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȓȧȓȈ șȊȖȐ ȒȘȣ-
ȓȣȠȒȐ Ȕȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȚȤ ȗȐșȤȔȖ Ȓ ȍȍ ȕȖȎȒȍ ǵȍȕȈȌȍȎȕȣȑ ȥȚȖ ȗȖșȖȓ ȕȖ
ȍșȓȐ ȕȍȚ ȓțȟȠȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȍȔț ȕȈ șȟȈșȚȤȍ Ȑ șȊȖȑ ȌȕȍȊȕȐȒ Ȑ ȗȘȖ-
șȤȉț Ȗ șȗȈșȍȕȐȐ
ǶȟȍȕȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȕȍ ȌȖȑȌȍȚ ȌȖ ȘțȒ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ
ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȔțȝȖȑ șȢȍșȚ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȧȌȕȈȧ ȗȚȐȞȈ ȐȓȐ ȖȕȖ ȗȖȋȐȉȕȍȚ
ȐȕȣȔ șȗȖșȖȉȖȔ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȔȖȍ Ȑ ȗȖȗȈȓȖ Ȋ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ ȘțȒȐ
ȒȚȖ țȏȕȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȒȚȖ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȒȘȖȠȍȟȕȖȔ ȒȓȖȟȒȍ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȏȈȒȓȦ-
ȟȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȖșȤȉȈ Ȗ șȗȈșȍȕȐȐ? ǬȈȎȍ Ȋ ȚȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȍșȓȐ ȔțȝȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖȑȔȈȕȈ ȗȐ-
șȤȔȖ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȌȖȓȋȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȗȖȒȖȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ Ȕțȏȍȍ ȕȐȒȍȔ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȕȖȍ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȔȕȖȋȖ-ȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȍȚ ȗȖșȓȍ ȔȖȍȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȐșșȓȍȌȖ-
ȊȈȚȍȓȤ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȘȈȏȉȍȘȍȚ ȗȖȌ ȔȐȒȘȖșȒȖȗȖȔ
ǬȖȓȋȖ ȗȘȖȎȐȚȤ ȧ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț Ǫ ȓțȟȠȍȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȧ ȌȖȚȧȕț ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȌȖ
ȖșȍȕȐ ǹ ȗȍȘȊȣȔȐ Ȏȍ ȔȖȘȖȏȈȔȐ Ȋ ǺȈȚȘȈȝ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȔȖȧ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȈ ȇ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȕȐȔȈȦ șȊȖȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȔȐȘȐȚȤșȧ ș ȕȐȔ ȕȖ ȟȍșȚȤ ȔȖȧ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȧ
ȉȖȘȖȓșȧ șȖ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ ȒȈȒ ȕȐ șȓȈȉȣ ȔȖȐ ȠȈȕșȣ ȕȈ țșȗȍȝ ǺȖȔț ȒȚȖ ȕȈȑȌȍȚ ȗȐ-
șȤȔȖ ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȖȚȌȈșȚ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȧ DzȓțȉȈ ȟțȌȈȒȖȊ ȧ ȗȘȖȠț ȊȣȌȈȚȤ  Ȝ
șȚȍȘȓȐȕȋȖȊ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȦ ȐȏȉȘȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȗȖȟȍȚȕȣȍ ȟȓȍȕȣ ǶȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ȅȚȈ ȗȘȍȔȐȧ
ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȣȌȈȕȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȣ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȍȌȢȧȊȓȍȕȖ ǭșȓȐ Ȏȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ
ȥȚȖ ȗȖȗȈȌȍȚ Ȋ ȟȤȐ-ȓȐȉȖ ȘțȒȐ ȍȡȍ Ȋ ȕȣȕȍȠȕȍȔ ȋȖȌț ȚȖ ȗȘȖȠț ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ
ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȣȍ ȔȍȘȣ Ȍȓȧ ȖȚȣșȒȈȕȐȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ǹ ȥȚȖȑ ȞȍȓȤȦ ȧ șȈȔ țȗȖȓȕȖȔȖȟȐȊȈȦ
ȔȖȍȋȖ ȓȖȕȌȖȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȥȘȈ ǸȖȉȍȘȚȈ ǩȐȋȋșȈ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȚȤ Ȑ ȕȈȋȘȈȌț Ȋ ȘȈȏ-
ȔȍȘȍ  Ȝ ȏȈ ȔȖȍ șȗȈșȍȕȐȍ ǹțȔȔȈ ȥȚȈ șȖȏȕȈȦșȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȣșȖȒȈ Ȍȓȧ
ȔȖȍȑ ȖșȖȉȣ ȕȖ ȧ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ DzȓțȉȈ ȟțȌȈȒȖȊ șȟȐȚȈȦ șȍȉȧ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȣȔ
ȗȘȐȓȖȎȐȚȤ Ȋșȍ șȚȈȘȈȕȐȧ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ Ȋ dzȖȕȌȖȕ Ȑ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȐ
ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȊȍȟȕțȦ șȓȈȊț ȒȓțȉȈ țȌȖșȚȖȐȊȠȍȋȖ Ȕȍȕȧ șȚȖȓȤ ȗȖȟȍȚȕȣȔ ȏȊȈ-
ȕȐȍȔ ǷȘȐ ȗȖȐșȒȈȝ ȘȍȒȖȔȍȕȌțȦ ȒȘȈȑȕȦȦ ȗȘȍȌțșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȔȍșȚȖ șȗȈșȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ țșȒȖȘȐȚȤ ȔȖȦ ȗȖȋȐȉȍȓȤ Ǫ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȔ ȔȖȍȔ
ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȧ ȕȈȝȖȎțșȤ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȗȖȌȓȖȔț șȟȈșȚȤȦ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȊȠȍȔț
Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȐ șȚȈȘȈȕȐȧ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚȤșȧ ș ȕȍȊȏȋȖȌȈȔȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ.
ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖȍȓȐ ȔȖȐ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȣȍ țȌȈȟȐ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕțȚȤ ȊșȍȋȖ
ȟȍȋȖ ȉȣ ȕȐ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȓ ȇ ȘȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ șȖȘȖȟȒȍ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȊȍȏȓȖ Ǵȍ-
ȕȧ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȈȓȖ ȟȚȖ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ țȟȐȓșȧ ȍȡȍ Ȋ ȠȒȖȓȍ ȧ ȟȈșȚȖ ȕȈȘȖȟȕȖ ȕȍ ȋȖ-
ȚȖȊȐȓ țȘȖȒȖȊ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȊȣȋȖȊȖȘ ȕȖ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȕȖ-
șȐȓ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȖȚȔȍȚȒȐ Ȑ ȕȈȋȘȈȌȣ ǷȘȖȑȌȧ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚșȒȐȑ ȒțȘș ȧ ȗȖ-
șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȕȈȗȐșȈȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȍ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ șȚȍȗȍȕȤ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐ,
ȕȖ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȧ ȊȖȏȉțȌȐȓ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȖȊ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ țȟȍȕțȦ șȚȍȗȍȕȤ ș ȖȚ-
ȓȐȟȐȍȔ Ȑ ȊȌȖȉȈȊȖȒ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓȐ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȖȔ ȗȘȐ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐ-
ȚȍȚȍ
ǶȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȧ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȊȐȝȘȤ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȑ
ǰ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ț Ȕȍȕȧ șȘȈȏț ȧȊȐȓȖșȤ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȌȘțȏȍȑ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋșȍ ȓȦȉȐȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȊȖș-
ȝȐȡȈȓȐșȤ ȔȕȖȦ Ǫ ȔȖȐȝ ȉȍȏțȔșȚȊȈȝ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȖșȚȘȖțȔȐȍ Ȑ ȖȚȊȈȋț Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȘȈȌȐ
ȠțȚȒȐ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ șȚȈȚȤȦ Ȗ ȎȐȚȍȓȧȝ ǴȈȘșȈ Ȑ Ȗȉ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȧȝ ȒȈȕȈȓȖȊ ȥȚȖȑ ȗȓȈ-
ȕȍȚȣ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȖȔ ȈșȚȘȖȕȖȔȐȐ ǵȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȧ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȧȓ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȘȖȟȍșȚȤ ȓȍȒȞȐȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖȒȘȣȓȈ ȉȣ ȗȖȏȖȘȖȔ ȕȍ

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ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȖ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȗȓȍȠȐȊȣȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȊȠȐȍ Ȕȍȕȧ țȟȍȕȣȔ ǴȖȎȍ-
Țȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȔȖȑ țȎȈș ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȐ ȓȍȒȞȐȐ ȧ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȠȐȒȈȕȤȧ
țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȋȘȖȔ ȘțȒȖȗȓȍșȒȈȕȐȑ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ țȎȍ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ǵȖȋȈ ȔȖȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ
ȒȖșȕțȓȈșȤ ȒȈȜȍȌȘȣ ǵȍ ȓȦȉȧ ȈșȚȘȖȕȖȔȐȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȧșȤ ȍȦ ȧ țșȚȘȖȐȓ șȍȉȍ
ȉȖȋȈȚțȦ ȖȉșȍȘȊȈȚȖȘȐȦ ș ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȕȍ ȌȍȓȈȧ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȚȤ Ȋ țȌȐȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȍ țȟȍȕȣȝ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȊȏȌȖȘȕȣȔȐ ȌȖȒȓȈȌȈȔȐ ǰ ȥȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ǸȈȊȕȖȌț-
ȠȐȍ ȔȖȍ Ȓ ȈșȚȘȖȕȖȔȐȐ ȗȍȘȍȠȓȖ Ȋ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȍȍ țȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȇ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȕȖȟȐ ȕȈȗȘȖ-
ȓȍȚ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓ ț ȚȍȓȍșȒȖȗȈ Ȋ șȖȏȍȘȞȈȕȐȐ ȏȊȍȏȌ ǴȓȍȟȕȖȋȖ ǷțȚȐ Ȑ dzțȕȣ ǪȐȌȧ,
ȟȚȖ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȍȚ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖșȘȈȔȐȚȤ-
șȧ Ȑ ș ȥȚȖȑ ȞȍȓȤȦ ȕȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȓ șȊȖȐ ȈșȚȘȖȕȖȔȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ ǺȘȐ ȔȍșȧȞȈ
șȗțșȚȧ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȖșȣȗȈȕ ȗȖȝȊȈȓȈȔȐ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȍ ȈșȚȘȖȕȖȔȣ ȗȖȏȌȘȈȊȓȧȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ
șȍȌȖȊȓȈșȣȍ țȟȍȕȣȍ ȐșȒȈȓȐ șȓțȟȈȧ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȗȖȎȈȚȤ ȔȖȦ ȘțȒț
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȕȈțȒț șȊȖȐ ȚȍȓȍșȒȖȗȣ ȒȕȐȋȐ Ȑ șȗȘȧȚȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ǷțȞȒȐȕ-
șȚȖȕȍ ǯȌȍșȤ ȌțȔȈȓ ȧ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȕȍ ȕȈȑȌȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ; ȕȖ țȊȣ ȕȈ ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȍ țȔȍȘ-
ȓȐ ȌȊȈ ȔȖȐȝ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȝ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȈ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ
șȓȣȠȈȓ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ Ȑ ȖȉȈ șȖȟȓȐ ȕțȎȕȣȔ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ șȊȖȐ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ
Ǵȕȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȗȐșȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ Dzȓțȉ ȟțȌȈȒȖȊ ǺțȚ ȧ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓ ȗȘȖȌȍȓȣȊȈȚȤ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȘȧȌ ȉȍȏțȔșȚȊ ȇ șȒȈȒȈȓ ȕȈ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ șȐȌȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȓ
ȝȊȖșȚț ȒțȘȐȓ șȐȋȈȘȣ ș ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȊȐȕȖ ȗȐȓ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȑȏ ȉțȚȣȓȒȐ ȗȘȖ-
șȊȍȘȓȐȊ ȌȣȘȖȟȒț șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȌȕȈ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȧ ȗȖȉȐȓșȧ Ȗȉ ȏȈȒȓȈȌ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ șțȔȔț ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȍȌț ȊȍȘȝȖȔ șȒȖ-
Șȍȍ ȗȖȍȏȌȈ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȖȍȏȌȍ ȓȖȗȕțȓ ȉȈȕȌȈȎ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍșȍ Ȑ
Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȧ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȗȘȐȉȣȓ ȕȈ șȚȈȕȞȐȦ ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȑ șȒȈȟ-
ȒȐ ȧ ȉȣȓ țȌȖșȚȖȍȕ ȏȊȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȧ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȒȓțȉȈ ȕȖ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȚȤ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȉȍȏțȔșȚȊȈ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȋȖ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓ țșȚȈȊ ȧ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȍȑȠȐȔ ȖȉȘȈ-
ȏȖȔ ȏȈȕȧȓșȧ ȈȘȝȍȖȓȖȋȐȍȑ ǨȘȝȍȖȓȖȋȐȧ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ ȒȖȟȍȊȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȇ ȏȈȝȖ-
Țȍȓ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȓȖșȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȖ ǷȖ ȖșȚȈȊȠȐȔșȧ ȗȈȔȧȚȕȐȒȈȔ ȧ ȏȈȌț-
ȔȈȓ ȊȖșșȖȏȌȈȚȤ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȏȈȉȣȚȣȝ ȊȍȒȖȊ Ǫ ȗȖȐșȒȈȝ ȏȈ ȥȚȐȔȐ ȗȈȔȧȚȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȧ ȖȉȢȍȏ-
ȌȐȓ ȊȍșȤ șȊȍȚ ȇ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȖȉȣȚȕȣȝ ȞȍȑȓȖȕșȒȐȝ ȓȍșȈȝ Ȋ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕȈȝ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȝ
ȝȘȈȔȖȊ ȕȈ ȖșȚȘȖȊȍ ȇȊȍ ȘȈșȒȈȗȣȊȈȓ ȔȖȋȐȓȣ ȕȈȌ ǫȈȕȋȖȔ șȗțșȒȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȍȡȍȘȣ
Ȑ ȍȋȐȗȍȚșȒȐȍ ȗȐȘȈȔȐȌȣ Ȉ Ȋ ȟȈșȣ ȌȖșțȋȈ ȖȝȖȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȉțȑȊȖȓȈȔȐ Ȑ ȋȘȍȔțȟȐȔȐ
ȏȔȍȧȔȐ ȇ șȖȉȐȘȈȓ ȊșȧȒȐȍ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȣ ȐȔȍȊȠȐȍ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȔț ȗȘȖȠȓȖ-
Ȕț Ȉ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȧ Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ ȐȏȕȣȊȈȓ ȗȖȌ ȉȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȚȖ ȊșȒȖȘȍ șȖȉȘȈȓ ȌȘȈ-
ȋȖȞȍȕȕțȦ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤ șȊȍȚ ȕȈ ȚȍȔȕȖȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍ-
ȟȍșȚȊȈ
ǴȍȎȌț ȗȘȖȟȐȔ, ȧ ȘȈȏȣșȒȐȊȈȓ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȍ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȐ Ȋ șȚȈȘȖȐȕȌȐȑșȒȐȝ ȝȘȈȔȈȝ.
ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȥȚȐȝ ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȐȑ ȧ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓșȧ ș ȖȌȕȐȔ ȜȈȒȐȘȖȔ ȇ ȐȔȍȓ
ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ șȗȈșȚȐ ȍȔț ȎȐȏȕȤ țȉȐȊ ȗȈȕȚȍȘț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ țȊȐȌȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȓȍșț șȗȧȡȐȔ
Ȑ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȓȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȒțșȐȚȤ ȐȔ
— ǹȣȕ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ ǩȘȐȚȈȕȐȐ — ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȖ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ țșȓȣȠȈȊ ȔȖȑ
ȊȣșȚȘȍȓ Ȑ ȗȖȕȧȊ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ — ȇ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȋȐȉ ȖȚ ȏțȉȖȊ ȗȈȕȚȍȘȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ Ȍȓȧ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȈ ȗȖȒȈ ȧ ȉȖȌȘșȚȊțȦ ȇ ǵțȘȍȌȌȐȕ șȣȕ ǬȎȖȊȈȋȈȘȈ
ǵțȘȍȌȌȐȕȈ ȖȉȧȏȈȕ Țȍȉȍ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ Ȑ ȝȖȟț Țȍȉȧ ȖȚȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȚȤ Ǫ ȕȈșȓȍȌșȚȊȖ ȖȚ
ȗȘȍȌȒȖȊ ȔȖȐȝ ȧ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȍ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȤșȧ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȋȈȚ-
șȚȊȈ ȔȐȘȈ ǹȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȍ ȥȚȖ — ȒȕȐȋȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ țȟȐȚ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤ ȟțȌȍșȕȣȑ ȕȈȗȐȚȖȒ

31
DzȚȖ ȊȣȗȤȍȚ ȠȍșȚȤ ȒȈȗȍȓȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȈȗȐȚȒȈ ȖȉȘȈȚȧșȤ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȓ ȊȖșȝȖȌȧȡȍȔț șȖȓȕ-
Ȟț ȚȖȚ țȊȐȌȐȚ șȟȈșȚȤȍ Ȑ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ șȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȖȚ Ȋșȍȝ ȓȦȌșȒȐȝ ȊȏȖȘȖȊ țșȓȣȠȐȚ
ȚȖ ȟȍȋȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ Ȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȚȖ ȟȍȋȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȓ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ ȊȌȖȊȖȓȤ ȕȈȋȓȧȌȐȚșȧ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȟțȌȍș ȍȔț șȚȖȐȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋȣ-
ȗȐȚȤ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȠȍșȚȤ ȒȈȗȍȓȤ ȥȓȐȒșȐȘȈ ȖȉȘȈȚȧșȤ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȓ ȏȈȝȖȌȧȡȍȔț șȖȓȕȞț Ȑ
Ȗȕ ȊȍȘȕȍȚșȧ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț ȖȉȣȟȕȖȔț șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȦ ǵȐ ȖȚȍȞ ȔȖȑ ȕȐ ȗȘȍȌȒȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȈ-
ȗȐȚȒȈ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȓȐ Ȑ ȊȖȚ Țȣ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ Ȑȏ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȝ șȔȍȘȚȕȣȝ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ-
ȓțȟȐȠȤ
ǰ ȜȈȒȐȘ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȜțȚȓȧȘ ș ȌȊțȔȧ ȜȓȈȒȖȕȟȐȒȈȔȐ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȗȖ  ȒȈȗȍȓȤ
ȟțȌȍșȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȗȐȚȒȈ ȇ ȗȖȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȌȘțȎȍȓȦȉȕȖ ȘȈșșȚȈȓȐșȤ ǶȌȐȕ
Ȑȏ ȜȓȈȒȖȕȟȐȒȖȊ ȧ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȗȘȐ șȍȉȍ Ȉ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ǷțȞȒȐȕ-
șȚȖȕ ȔȖȍ ȘȖȌȖȊȖȍ ȐȔȍȕȐȍ ș ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȋ șțȕȌțȒ ȗȖȔȍȟȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȞȐȜȘȖȑ  ǰ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȑȏ ǰȕȌȐȐ ȧ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȗȘȧ-
ȔȖ Ȋ dzȖȕȌȖȕ
ǵȖ ȧ ȊȏȌțȔȈȓ ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ Ȋ DzȈȘȗȈȚșȒȐȝ ȋȖȘȈȝ ȒțȌȈ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ
ȊȓȍȒȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȘȈșȖȚȈ ȔȍșȚȖȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ȗ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ
ȕȈȌȗȐșȧȝ Ȋ ȕȍȌȖșȚțȗȕȣȝ ȋȖȘȕȣȝ ȗȍȡȍȘȈȝ
30-ȋȖ ȔȈȧ  ȋ ȧ ȉȣȓ țȎȍ Ȋ ǺȈȚȘȈȝ Ȋ ȀȔȍȒșȍ ȐȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȚțȘȐșȚȈȔȐ
ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ
ǪȏȧȊ ș șȖȉȖȦ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȍ Ȍȓȧ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȉȖȘȣ ȏȈȗȐșȕțȦ ȒȕȐȎȒț
ȏȖȕȚȐȒ Ȑ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȐȗȈșȣ ȧ ș ȚȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȗțȚȤ ȇ
ȘȍȠȐȓ ȌȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȌȖ ǯȈȒȖȗȈȕȐ ș ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȚȈȔ șȘȍȌȐ ȋȖȘȞȍȊ șȖȉȘȈȚȤ șȗȘȈȊȒȐ
Ȗȉ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȦȡȐȝ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȌȗȐșȧȝ Ǫșȍ ȕȍțȌȖȉșȚȊȈ ȗțȚȐ ș ȓȐȝȊȖȑ ȊȖȏȕȈȋȘȈȎȌȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȣȔȐ ȊȐȌȈȔȐ DzȖȋȌȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ șȈȌȐȓȖșȤ Ȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ țȎȍ ț ȒȓȦȟȈ ǩȍ-
ȓȖȑ ǪȖȌȣ ǶȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȖȦ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȊȠȍȑșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ ȧ
ȘȍȠȐȓ ȖșȚȈȚȤșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȈ ȕȖȟȓȍȋ ǷȖȋȖȌȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȈȧ Ȑ ȕȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ
ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȕȧȓȈșȤ țȚȘȍȕȕȧȧ ȏȈȘȧ Ȑ ȖȒțȚȈȓȈ ȕȍȎȕȣȔ ȗȖȓțșȊȍȚȖȔ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚ
Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȓȍȎȈȚȤ ȚȈȔ ȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȉȍȏ
ȒȖȕȞȈ
ǶȒȘțȎȈȊȠȈȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȈ ǫȐȔȈȓȈȑșȒȐȍ ȋȖȘȣ ǴȣșȓȤ ȔȖȧ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȕȍșȓȈșȤ Ȋ ǰȕȌȐȦ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ǵțȘȍȌȌȐȕ ȊȍșȤ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȒȈȒ ȎȐȊȖȑ,
Ȉ Ȋ țȠȈȝ ȔȖȐȝ ȗȘȖȏȊțȟȈȓȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȍȋȖ ³ǰ ȒȚȖ ȊȣȗȤȍȚ ȥȚȖȚ ȥȓȐȒcȐȘ ȚȖȚ țȊȐȌȐȚ
ȚȖ ȟȍȋȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ”.
ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȧȊȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȐȔȖȍ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȚȖ ȟȍȋȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓ Ǫ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȋȖȘȕȣȝ ȊȍȘȠȐȕ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȗțȘȗțȘȕȣȑ ȒȘȈȑ ȊȖșȝȖȌȐȊ-
ȠȍȋȖ șȖȓȕȞȈ ǴȍȌȓȐȚȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ ȇ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȌȖșȚȈȓ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȜȓȈȒȖȕȟȐȒ
Ȑ ȖȚȗȐȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȗȍȓȤ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȗȐȚȒȈ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ șȓȈȌȖȒ ȌțȠȐșȚ ȐȔȍȓ
ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȑ ȊȒțș ȔȍȌȈ șȔȍȠȈȕȕȖȋȖ ș ȊȐȕȖȔ ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȇ ȕȈȗȘȧ-
ȎȍȕȕȖ ȎȌȈȓ ȟțȌȈ ȕȖ ȖȕȖ ȕȍ ȧȊȓȧȓȖșȤ
ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȊȖșȝȖȌȐȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȣȠȍ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȐȓȖ ȋȖȘȣ Ȑ ȌȖȓȐȕȣ Ȑ
ȓțȟȈȔȐ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȉțȌȐȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ șȗȈȓȖ ȍȡȍ ȐȓȐ ȌȘȍȔȈȓȖ Ȋ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȍ ǪȖȏȌțȝ Ȗȋ-
ȓȈșȐȓșȧ ȗȍȕȐȍȔ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȒȘȣȓȈȚȣȝ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȑ ǰȏ-ȗȖȌ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȓȐșȚȒȈ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȊȣȗȖȓȏ ȗȈțȟȖȒ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȌȖȒȈȕȟȐȊȈȚȤ ȗȈțȚȐȕț ȘȈșȒȐȕțȚțȦ ȔȍȎȌț șȚȘȖȑ--
ȕȣȔȐ șȚȍȉȍȓȤȒȈȔȐ ȚȘȈȊȣ ȇ ȏȈȋȓȧȌȍȓșȧ ȕȈ ȓȖȊȒȐȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȒȘȖȝȖȚȕȖȋȖ
șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȚȈȒ ȐșȒțșȕȖ ȚȒȈȊȠȍȋȖ șȊȖȐ ȚȍȕȍȚȈ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȕȍȖȉȣ-

32
ȟȈȑȕȖȍ ȗȈțȟȖȒ șȚȈȓ ȘȈșȚȐ ȕȈ ȔȖȐȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ
ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȔțȘȈȠȒȐ ȏȈȉȍȋȈȓȐ ȗȖ șȗȐȕȍ Ǫ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ ȗȈțȒ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓ-
șȧ Ȋ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȒȘȍșȚȖȊȐȒȈ ș ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȔȐ ȒȓȍȡȈȔȐ Ȑ ȒȖșȔȈȚȣȔȐ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȔȐ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȊȖȘȕȖ ȘȈșȒȐȌȣȊȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȠȐȘȍ Ȑ ȠȐȘȍ șȊȖȐ șȍȚȐ ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ"
ǿțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȘȈșȚȍȚ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȒȖȊȣȊȈȦȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȧ ȖȚȘȣȊȈȦ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ
șȊȖȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ Ȑ ȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȦșȤ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ǵȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ țȌȐȊȐȓȖ Ȑ
ȕȈȗțȋȈȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȖșȚȍȑ Ǫșȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡ-
ȕȣȍ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȣ
ǺȘȈȊȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȊȣȠȐȕȖȦ ȟțȚȤ ȓȐ ȕȍ Ȋ ȏ ȈȘȠȐȕ Ȑ șȚȈȓȈ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȌȖ ȕȍ-
ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȐ ǴȖȓȖȌȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȍȓȖȟȒȈ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ ȏȍȓȍȕțȦ ȗȐȘȈ-
ȔȐȌț Ȉ ȗȕȐ Ȋ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȋȖȘȣ «ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȥȚȖ șȖȕ ȕȈȧȊț"» — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȧ ȗȘȖȚȐ-
ȘȈȧ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǪȌȘțȋ ȧ țșȓȣȠȈȓ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȠȖȘȖȝ ǵȖ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȧ țșȗȍȓ ȖȉȍȘ-
ȕțȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȕȍțȟȚȐȊȖȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȍ ȉȍȎȈȊȠȍȍ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȘțȉȖ ȚȖȓȒ-
ȕțȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȧ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȔȧȋȒțȦ ȗȖȌșȚȐȓȒț Ȑȏ ȋȕȐȓȣȝ ȔȝȖȊ ǺțȚ ȓȐȠȤ ȧ țȉȍȌȐȓ-
șȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȋȘȍȎț ǶȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȌȊțȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȐȓȐ ȊȍșȤ șȊȍȚ ȒȘȖȔȍ Ȕȍȕȧ
țȊȍȓȐȟȐȓșȧ ȐȓȐ ȧ țȔȍȕȤȠȐȓșȧ ǪȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ
ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȔ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ
ǵȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȋȓȖ șȓțȟȐȚȤșȧ" ǪȌȘțȋ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȏȈȘȐȓȈ ȔȣșȓȤ șȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ
ȔȣșȓȤ ȧ ȖȚȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȥȓȐȒșȐȘȖȔ ǵțȘȍȌȌȐȕȈ Ȑ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȦ ȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȐȕȖȍ,
ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍȌșȔȍȘȚȕȣȍ ȔțȒȐ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ șȍȘȌȞȍ șȎȈȓȖșȤ ȖȚ șȖșȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ Ȓ șȈȔȖȔț șȍȉȍ.
ǯȈȟȍȔ ȖȚȟȍȋȖ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȚȈȒ ȧ țȔȍȘȍȚȤ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖ" Ǫ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȐ ȧ ȕȍ
ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖ ȘȖșȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȖȒȘțȎȈȊȠȐȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȣ
ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȚȍȔȕȍȓȖ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ Ȑ ȧ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȊ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ
ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȘȖȓȍȎȈȓ ȧ ȉȍȏ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȖȟȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȧ
șȘȈȏț ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȤ ȋȌȍ ȧ dzȐȠȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȖȓȋȐȝ țșȐȓȐȑ șȖȉȘȈȊȠȐșȤ ș Ȕȣș-
ȓȧȔȐ ȧ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ȋșȍ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȚȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ Ȍȓȧ țȓțȟȠȍȕȐȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ǺȘȈȊȈ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȕȍȎȍȓȐ ȘȈȕȤ-
Ƞȍ ȕȖ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȒȘțȎȈȓȐ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȐșȗȖȓȐȕșȒȐȍ ȘȈș-
ȚȍȕȐȧ șȘȍȌȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȧ ȔȖȋ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȤșȧ ȏȈȚȖ ȧȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȑȕȣȍ ȕȍȗȘȍȌȊȐ-
Ȍȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȈȚȘțȌȕȍȕȐȧ
ǷȖȟȊȈ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȝȖȌȤȉȣ ȅȚȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ
ȔȧȋȒȈȧ ȏȍȔȓȧ țșȍȧȕȕȈȧ ȋȘȈȕȐȚȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȔȍȠȒȈȔȐ Ȉ ȕȍȘȖȊȕȖȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ȗȖ-
ȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȡȍȉȕȍȔ ȒȈȔȕȧȔȐ ȗȍșȟȈȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȖȉȘȖșȠȐȔȐ șȒȖȓȤȏȒȖȑ ȗȓȍ-
șȍȕȤȦ Ȑ șȋȕȐȊȠȐȔȐ șȚȍȉȓȧȔȐ
ǿȚȖ ȕȐ ȠȈȋ ȚȖ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȐȧ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓȐ ȔȖȑ ȗțȚȤ ȇ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȐȊȈȓșȧ
ȗȖ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȉ ȚȖ Ȑ ȗȖ ȠȍȦ Ȋ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ șȗțȚȈȕȕȣȍ șȍȚȐ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȠȈȋ șȚȖȐȓ Ȕȕȍ
ȕȍȐȔȖȊȍȘȕȣȝ țșȐȓȐȑ ǹȘȈȊȕȐȊȈȧ șȍȉȧ ș ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔȐ Ȕȕȍ Ȑȏ ȖȒȘțȎȈȊ-
ȠȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȖȊ ȧ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȓ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȐȦ ȟȚȖ ȘȖșȚ ȔȖȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȊȣȠȈȍȚ
ȠȍșȚȐ ȓȐȕȐȑ ǷȖȌ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍȔ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȗȐȚȒȈ ȧ șȌȍȓȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȚȖ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ
ȘȈȏ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȓțȝ ȔȖȑ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȖȉȖșȚȘȐȓ-
șȧ Ȑ ȧ șȚȈȓ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȈȚȤ ȕȍțȓȖȊȐȔȣȍ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȏȊțȒȐ Ȓ ȏȊțȒȈȔ Ȏȍ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȔ ȌȖ-
șȚțȗȕȣȔ Ȕȕȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȧ șȚȈȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȟțȊșȚȊȐȚȍȓȍȕ ȇ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȗȍȘȍ-
șȚȈȓ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȈȚȤ ȎțȘȟȈȕȐȍ ȘțȟȤȧ ȖȕȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓȖ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȘȈșȒȈȚȈ ȋȘȖȔȈ ȐȓȐ ȘȍȊȈ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȊȖȓȕ ǯȈȚȖ ȧ ȧȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖ șȓȣ-
ȠȈȓ ȠȍȓȍșȚ ȒȘȣȓȣȠȍȒ ȠȖȘȖȝ ȓȈȗȖȒ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ ȚȘȍșȒ șȚȍȉȍȓȤȒȖȊ Ȑ

33
ȚȖȔț ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ Ȕȕȍ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȏȊțȒȐ Ǵȍȕȧ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓ șȚȘȈȝ ȒȈȒ ȧ Ȋșȓț-
ȠȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȕȍțȔȖȓȒȈȦȡȐȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȖȘȒȍșȚȘ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȝ ȔțȏȣȒȈȕȚȖȊ ǹȒȘȣ-
Țȣȑ Ȋ ȟȈȡȍ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȌȈȎȍ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȈȚȤ șțȡȍșȚȊ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȊȠȐȝ ȥȚȖȚ
ȠțȔ ǶȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȌȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȖȘȒȍșȚȘ ȏȈȚȐȝȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȋȓțȠȈȓ ȠțȔ ȒȘȣȓȤȍȊ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȋȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȍȌȊȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȊȠȐșȤ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ țȓȍȚȈȓȖ ȌȈȓȤ-
Ƞȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȖȌȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȍȚȘȖȔ ǬȖȓȋȐȍ ȟȈșȣ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ
ș ȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȐȧȔȐ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȋȣ ȗȘȐ șȊȖȍȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȔ ȘȖșȚȍ Ȑ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȧ ȐȔȍȚȤ
ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ǷȘȐȌȧ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋ șȍȉȧ Ȑ ȖȗȘȈȊȐȊȠȐșȤ ȖȚ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍ-
ȕȐȑ ȧ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȊșȍȔȐ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȏȓȖȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȧ ȖȉȧȏȈȕ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȔț ȥȓȐȒ-
șȐȘț ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȖȔț Ȋ ȗȖȌȈȘȖȒ ȖȚ ȜȈȒȐȘȈ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍȋȖȌȧȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȧ ȗȖȊȍ-
ȘȐȓ ȒȈȒ ȌȘțȋț Ȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȚȈȒ ȕȐȏȒȖ ȖȉȔȈȕțȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȧ ȥȚȖ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȏȈ-
șȓțȎȐȓ Ǫ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȚȤșȧ ȗȍȘȊȖȔț ȊșȚȘȍȟȕȖȔț Ȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȈȘȒȐ? ǪȍȌȤ Ȗȕ ȔȖȋ țȋȖșȚȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȔ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȔ ȧȌȖȔ! ǭȡȍ ȥȚȖȚ ǵțȘȍȌȌȐȕ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȐȓȖșȚȐȊ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȗȕ ȌȈȓ Ȕȕȍ
șȟȈșȚȤȍ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ ȟțȌȍșȈ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ Ȕȕȍ ȔȐȘȈ ǯȈȕȧȚȣȑ șȊȖȐ-
ȔȐ ȋȖȘȤȒȐȔȐ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȧ șȘȈȏț ȕȍ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ȗȉ ȖșȚȈȊȠȍȔșȧ Ȋ ȜȓȈȒȖȕ-
ȟȐȒȍ ȕȈȗȐȚȒȍ Ǩ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, șȚȖȐȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȏȈȝȖȌȈ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȊȣȗȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȧ
ȊȍȘȕțșȤ Ȋ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ǺȈȒ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ țȊȍȘȧȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȐȕȌȐȍȞ ǻș-
ȗȖȒȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȧ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȘțȒț Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕ ȕȖ țȊȣ ȟțȌȖȌȍȑșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗțȏȣȘȤȒȈ ȚȈȔ
ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
Ǫ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȐ ȧ șȚȈȓ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȘȣȚȤșȧ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈȝ — ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȗțȏȣȘȍȒ
șȋȐȕțȓ Ȑ ȗȘȖȗȈȓ ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȧ țȘȖȕȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȊȗȈȓ Ȋ ȉȍșșȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȗȖșȓȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȚȤșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
șȖ ȊșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔȐ ȋȐȔȕȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȜȖȒțșȈȔȐ Ƕȕ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȏȌȍșȤ,
ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ; ȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȗȈșȚȤ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȔȍșȚȖ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧ ȕȈȟȈȓ șȊȖȑ ȗțȚȤ?
ǰȚȈȒ ȧ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȊșȍȋȖ țȎȈșȕȍȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ
ȌȈȎȍ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȤ ȊȣȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȓȐȉȖ Ȑȏ ȌȖȓȐȕȣ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȊȠȍȑșȧ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ
ȋȓțȝțȦ ȕȍȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȍȔțȦ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ ȟȈȡț DzȈȎȌȣȍ  ȈȘȠȐȕ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ
Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ  ȊȍȘșȚ ȒȈȎȌȈȧ ȌȍșȧȚȐȕȈ  ȌȍșȧȚȐȕ ǷȖȔȖȡȐ ȎȌȈȚȤ ȕȍȖȚȒțȌȈ
ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȒȚȖ Ȏȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚ Ȋ ȚȘȈȊȍ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȒȈ ȌȈ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ
ȒȚȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȔȐȔȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȉȣ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȚȐȠȍ șȚȘȍȒȖ-
ȚȈȕȤȧ ȒțȏȕȍȟȐȒȈ ǰ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȎȈȎȌȈȚȤ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ ș ȟȍȓȖȊȍ-
ȒȖȔ ȧ ȉȖȦșȤ ȍȍ ȐȉȖ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȔȖȋț ȕȈȑȚȐ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȗȖȌ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȖȠȊȈȔȐ ǪȖȚ țȎȍ ȗȧ-
Țȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȉȓțȎȌȈȦ Ȋ ǺȈȚȘȈȝ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȓțȎȌȈȓ ǸȖȉȐȕȏȖȕ ȕȈ ȗțșȚȣȕ-
ȕȖȔ ȖșȚȘȖȊȍ Ȉ ȏȓȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖȋȖ ȜȓȈȒȖȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȕȈȑȚȐ ǵȈȟȐȕȈȦ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȚȍȘȧȚȤ ȕȈȌȍȎȌț ȕȈ șȗȈșȍȕȐȍ ǹȐȓȣ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȗȐȚȈȦșȤ ȓȐȠȤ
ȞȊȍȚȖȟȕȣȔȐ șȖȒȈȔȐ Ȉ ȎȈȎȌț țȚȖȓȧȦ ȘȖșȖȑ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȎȈȓȒȐȑ ȔȖȚȣ-
ȓȍȒ ȇ ȗȖȝțȌȍȓ ȧ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȜțȕȚȖȊ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȊȍșȈ ǬȈ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ"
ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȋȍș ȔȖȑ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȜțȕȚȣ" ǸȖșȚ ȔȖȑ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȊșȍȋȖ Ȋ  ȘȈȏ Ȕȍ-
ȕȤȠȍ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȋȖ ȕȖ Ȋȍș ȔȖȑ șȖȒȘȈȚȐȓșȧ ȌȖ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȔȈȓȖȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȣ ǬȖ
ȗȘȐȍȔȈ ȈȌșȒȖȋȖ ȏȍȓȤȧ ǵțȘȍȌȌȐȕȈ ȧ ȊȍșȐȓ ȖȒȖȓȖ  ȜțȕȚȖȊ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȕȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȍȍ
ȔțȝȐ ǴȖȑ Ȋȍș țȔȍȕȤȠȐȓșȧ Ȋ  ȘȈȏ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȋȖ ȧ ȊȍȠț ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȌȖȓȐ ȇ ȥȚȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȔȈȚȍȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȊȣȟȐșȓȐȓ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȖȟȍȊȐȌ-
ȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋȍș ȔȖȑ țȔȍȕȤȠȐȓșȧ ȊȖ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȏȍ ȘȈȏ ȊȖ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ țȔȍȕȤȠȐȓșȧ ȊȍșȤ
ȖȉȢȍȔ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ ȇ șȚȈȓ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȚȈȒȈȧ șțȌȤȉȈ ȗȖșȚȐȋȓȈ

Ȋșȍȝ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ dzȖȕȌȖȕȈ ȚȖ ȖȕȐ Ȋșȍ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȊȍșȐȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȚȘȍȝ ȖȉȣȒ-
ȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȊșȦ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖșȚȤ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ
ȧ ȗȘȖȉțȦ țȚȍȠȐȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȎȌȈȧ ȊȍȡȤ ȌȈȎȍ șȈȔȈȧ ȌțȘȕȈȧ ȐȔȍȍȚ șȊȖȦ
ȝȖȘȖȠțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț ǵȈȟȈȚȤ ș ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȍ ȔȖȐȝ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȝ țș-
ȓȖȊȐȑ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȓțȝ ȔȖȑ Ȑ ȏȘȍȕȐȍ ȊȖșȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȚ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȖȊȣȍ Ȋȗȍ-
ȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ ȕȖ Ȑ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ȔȖȐ Ȓ ȊȖȏȌțȝț Ȑ șȐȓȍ ȗȘȐȚȧȎȍȕȐȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ Ȑȏ-
ȔȍȕȐȓȐșȤ ȇ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȓȍȚȍȚȤ ș ȊȍȘȝțȠȒȐ ȍȓȐ ȊȣȠȐȕȖȦ Ȋ  ȜțȚȖȊ Ȑ ȕȍ
ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȉȣ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ șȖȚȘȧșȍȕȐȧ ȝȖȚȧ ȗȖ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȦ ș ȔȖȐȔ
ȚȍȗȍȘȍȠȕȐȔ ȘȖșȚȖȔ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȍȓȤ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȖ Ȋ  ȜțȚȖȊ Ȍȓȧ ȖȉȣȒ-
ȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȇ ȓȍȋȖȒ ȒȈȒ ȗȍȘȣȠȒȖ Ȑ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȍ ȔȖȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣ ȖȚȕȍșȚȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț dzȍȋ-
ȒȐȑ, ȍȌȊȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȑ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊȍȚȍȘȖȒ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȉțȘȍȑ Ȉ ȊȍȚȍȘ — ȕȈș-
ȚȖȧȡȐȔ țȘȈȋȈȕȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȗȖșȖȉȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȣ țȕȍșȚȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȒ ȓȖșȒțȚȖȒ ȉțȔȈ-
ȋȐ ȕȈ șȖȚȕȐ Țȣșȧȟ ȜțȚȖȊ
ǪȖȚ țȎȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȒȈȒ ȕȖȟȕȣȔ ȗȘȐȦȚȖȔ Ȕȕȍ șȓțȎȐȚ ȏȈȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȖȍ
ȋȕȍȏȌȖ ȏȍȔȓȧȕȖȋȖ ȗȈțȒȈ ȇ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȕȈȚȒȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȎȐȓȐȡȍ
ȊȓȈȌȍȓȍȞ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȕȈ ȔȖȐȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ șȢȍȌȍȕ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȔ.
ǻȉȍȎȐȡȍ ȔȖȍ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȌȍȎȕȖȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍȌțșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ
ȗȓȖȚȕȖ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȓ Ȋșȍ ȊȝȖȌȣ ȌȊȍȘȤȔȐ șȌȍȓȈȕȕȣȔȐ Ȑȏ ȋȓȐȕȣ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȊȍșȤ ȌȖȔȐȒ
ǫȓȐȕȧȕȣȍ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȔȐ ȒȘȦȒȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ȗȈțȚȐȕȣ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȖȚȒȘȣ-
ȊȈȦȚșȧ Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȋȓȐȕȧȕȖȔ ȌȖȔȐȒȍ ȧ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȐșȍȔ Ȑ ȘȈȏȖșȓȈȓ Ȑȝ ȊȖ
Ȋșȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ǵȈ ȖșȚȈȊȠȍȔșȧ ȓȐșȚȒȍ ȉțȔȈȋȐ Ȑȏ
ȔȖȍȑ ȏȈȗȐșȕȖȑ ȒȕȐȎȒȐ ȧ ȗȐȠț ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȦ
șțȌȍȉ ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȖ țȏȕȈȍȚ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȔțȟȍȕȐȟȍșȒȖȑ
șȔȍȘȚȤȦ ȗȖȋȐȉ ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ dzȖȕȌȖȕșȒȖȋȖ DzȓțȉȈ ȟțȌȈȒȖȊ...»
ǵȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȧ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȥȚț ȋȈȓȐȔȈȚȤȦ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȝȊȈ-
ȚȐȓȖ ȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȧ ȇ ȠȊȣȘȕțȓ ȗȐșȤȔȖ Ȑ ȏȓȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ ȕȈ ȓȖȘȌȈ ȕȈ ǵțȘȍȌȐ-
ȕȈ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖȋȖ ȌȧȌȦȠȒț ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȏȈȟȍȔ Ȑ ȗȖȟȍȔț
ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȦȡȍȋȖ Ȕȕȍ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȊșȧȒȐȍ ȉȘȍȌȕȐ ǹȍȘȌȐȚȣȑ, ȗȖȠȍȓ ȧ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȌȖȔȖȑ
ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȎȌȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȖȊȣȑ șȦȘȗȘȐȏ ǵȈ șȚȖȓȍ ț șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ
ȧ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȈȒȍȚ ǪșȒȘȣȊȈȦ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȕȈȝȖȎț ȞȍȓțȦ ȚȍȚȘȈȌȤ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕțȦ
ȘțȒȖȑ ȌȖșȚȖȓȦȉȍȏȕȖȋȖ ȌȧȌȦȠȒȐ ǵȍȚ ȥȚȖ țȎȍ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ǿȍȋȖ ȌȧȌȧ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȝȖ-
ȟȍȚ" ǴȈȓȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐ ȓȐȟȕȣȝ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȧȝ Ȗȕ ȕȈȌȖȍȌȈȍȚ Ȕȕȍ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȓȍȒȞȐȧ-
ȔȐ Ȗȕ ȍȡȍ ȏȈ ȗȐșȤȔȈ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ ȇ ȘȍȠȐȓșȧ ȏȈȡȐȡȈȚȤșȧ ǵȍ ȉțȌț ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȗȐșȤȔȖ,
Ȑ ȉȈșȚȈ ǰȓȐ ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ ǷȘȖȟȚț ȌȊȍ-ȚȘȐ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȣ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȉȘȖȠț ȥȚț ȘțȒȖ-
ȗȐșȤ ȒȈȒ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȓȖȘȌȈ ǷțȞȒȐȕșȈ
ȇ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ǷȍȘȊȣȍ Ȏȍ șȚȘȖȒȐ ȚȈȒ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȟȚȖ
ȧ ȏȈȉȣȊ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ȋȕȍȊȍ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȖȟȍȓ Ȋșȍ ȗȖșȓȈȕȐȍ ȕȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȖȏȕȈ-
ȒȖȔȐȚȤ ș ȕȐȔ ȔȖȐȝ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ

35
DZșȎȐȎ 9,
ǽǼdzǵDzǸǮ ǰ ǹǼǻDzǼǻ ǿȋǾ ǯǶDZDZǿ. ǰ ǽǼǶǿǸǮȃ ǵǮ ǹǼǾDzǼǺ
ǽȁȄǸǶǻǿǼǺ.
«ǬȖȘȖȋȖȑ ǪȈȕȧ — ȗȐșȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȌȧȌȦȠȒȈ — șȗȍȠț șȖȖȉȡȐȚȤ Țȍȉȍ ȟȚȖ ȟțȌȖ-
ȌȍȑșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈȗȐȚȖȒ ǵțȘȍȌȌȐȕȈ Ȑ șȈȔ ȓȖȘȌ ǷțȞȒȐȕș Ȋ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȝ Țȣ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȠȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȓȍȎȈȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȔț șȖȔȕȍȕȐȦ ȇ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ
ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑȏ ǺȈȚȘ ȋȌȍ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȐȓ Ȋșȍ ȟțȌȍșȈ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȕȣȍ ȓȖȘȌȖȔ ǿțȌȍșȈ ȥȚȐ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣ Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ Ȗ ȕȐȝ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ țȊȓȍȟȍȚ Țȍȉȧ ȇ șȟȐȚȈȦ șȊȖȐȔ
ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȔ ȌȖȓȋȖȔ ȌȈȚȤ Țȍȉȍ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ șȓȈȉȖȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȔȖȐȝ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑ-
ȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧȝ ǸȈșșȒȈȎț ȗȖ ȗȖȘȧȌȒț Ȋșȍ ȒȈȒ ȉȣȓȖ ǷȖșȓȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȒȐ ȗȐșȤ-
ȔȈ ȓȖȘȌȈ ǷțȞȒȐȕșȈ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȕȐ Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȒȘȖȔȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȒȘțȗȐȕȒȐ Ȑ Ȉȕȋ-
ȓȐȟȈȕȐȕȈ ǺȣșȧȟȐ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȑ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȐ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȇ ȚȖ ȊȍȘȐȓ ȚȖ șȖ-
ȔȕȍȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ dzȖȕȌȖȕ ș ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȗȘȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȥȚț țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȐșȚȐȜȐ-
ȒȈȞȐȧ ȗȖȏȈȉȖȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȗ ȗȖȌȈȟȍ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȔț ǺȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ
ȗȖ ȗȘȐȉȣȚȐȐ Ȋ dzȖȕȌȖȕ ȧ țȏȕȈȓ Ȋ ȖȚȍȓȍ ȋȌȍ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ șȥȘ ǸȖȉȍȘȚ ǩȐȋȋș
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ Ȓ ȟȐșȓț ȊȣȌȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȈȌȊȖȒȈȚȖȊ șȚȖ-
ȓȐȞȣ ǵȍ ȎȍȓȈȧ ȚȍȘȧȚȤ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȖȌȍ-
ȊȈȧșȤ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȗȖ țȒȈȏȈȕȕȖȔț ȈȌȘȍșț
ǯȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȑ ȈȌȊȖȒȈȚ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȎȌȈȚȤ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȍȔȕȖȑ ǪșȓȍȌ
ȏȈ ȌȖȒȓȈȌȖȔ șȓțȋȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȉȍȏțȒȖȘȐȏȕȍȕȕȖ
ȖȌȍȚȣȑ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȝțȌȖȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ Ƕȕ șȔȍȘȐȓ
Ȕȍȕȧ ș ȕȖȋ ȌȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ Ȑ
șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǹȟȐȚȈȦ ȕțȎȕȣȔ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȤ ȊȈș ȔȐ-
ȓȖșȚȐȊȣȑ ȋȖșțȌȈȘȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȍȔ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȖȕȟȐȓ-
șȧ Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȟȈșȣ ȧ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȦșȤ ȋȐȔ-
ȕȈșȚȐȒȖȑ Ȑ ȓȐȠȤ Ȋ șȓțȟȈȍ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐ-
ȔȖȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ ȔȖȋț ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȊȈș
— ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȔȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȊȈȎ-
ȕȖȍ — ȗȖȌȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȧ — ǪȣșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖ-
ȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ
ǹȥȘ ǩȐȋȋș ȔȖȓȟȈ țȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ șȚțȓ Ȑ șȈȔ
ȊȈȎȕȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȖ ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ
ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȔț șȚȈȘȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȣȉȘȐȚȖȔț ȗȖȌ-
ȉȖȘȖȌȒț Ȑ ȗȖȓțȏȈȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȎȍȓȈȧ ȖȟȍȊȐȌ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ șȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ș ȌțȝȖȔ Ȑ ȋȖȚȖȊ șȓț-
ȠȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ
— ǰȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȓȐ ȊȈȔ șȥȘ ȟȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȊȍȡȐ Ȗ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȍ șȕȐȓȖșȤ ȔȕȖȋȐȔ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȔțȌȘȍȞȈȔ" — ȕȈȟȈȓ ȧ șȈȌȧșȤ ȕȈ țȒȈȏȈȕ-

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ȕȣȑ Ȕȕȍ șȚțȓ ǫȖȓȖș ȔȖȑ ȏȊțȟȈȓ ȕȍțȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȓȐȞȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȓȖ
șȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ǹȥȘ ǩȐȋȋș țșȓȣȝȈȊ ȚȈȒȖȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȊșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ
șȊȖȐ ȊȍȒȐ Ȑ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȓ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ
țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ
— ǬȈ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȧ ȟȐȚȈȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ț ȀȍȒșȗȐȘȈ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȒȘȣȓ
ȋȓȈȏȈ ȖȎȐȌȈȧ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȟȈȚȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ
— ȅȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȊȍȘȐȚȍ ȥȚȖȔț — ȏȈȐȒȈȧșȤ, ȋȖ-
ȘȧȟȐȓșȧ ȧ — ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȧ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȓ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ țȉȍȎȌȍȕ ȟȚȖ «ȍșȚȤ Ȋȍ-
ȡȐ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȍ șȕȐȓȖșȤ ȔȕȖȋȐȔ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȔțȌȘȍȞȈȔ».
ǪȣȗȈȓȐȊ ȥȚț ȜȘȈȏț ȧ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȇ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȍșț ȟțȠȤ ȈȌȊȖȒȈȚ Ȏȍ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ
ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȖ ȊȈȎȕȖȑ ȊȣȎȐȌȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȖȏȍ ȝȘȈȕȐȓ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȉȕȈ-
ȘțȎȐȊȈȓ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȧ ȊȣȊȍșȚȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑȏ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȏȈȚȘțȌȕȍȕȐȧ
Dz șȟȈșȚȤȦ Ȕȕȍ șȒȖȘȖ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȚȤ șȖȉȖȦ Ȑ ȧ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȕȍȗ-
ȘȐȕțȎȌȍȕȕȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ș ȋȘțȌȐ șȊȈȓȐȓșȧ
— Ǫȣ ȔȐȓȖșȚȐȊȣȑ ȋȖșțȌȈȘȤ țȗȖȓȕȖȔȖȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖ ȌȍȓȈȔ ȓȖȘȌȈ ǷțȞȒȐȕșȈ"
ǵȈȒȘȈȝȔȈȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ țȚȊȍȘȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȔȖȚȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ȇ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȗȖ Ȍȍȓț ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȒȈșȈȦȡȍȔțșȧ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȚȍȓȧ Ȑ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ
ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȕȈȔ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȊ
— Dz ȊȈȠȐȔ țșȓțȋȈȔ
— ǰȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȓȐ ȊȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȓȖȘȌ ǷțȞȒȐȕș?
— DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȗȕ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ ǰȕȌȐȐ
— Ǫȣ ȖȠȐȉȈȍȚȍșȤ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ǰȕȌȐȐ ȕȖ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ țȍȝȈȓ ȖȚȚțȌȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȈșȚȖȧ-
ȡȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ ǭȊȘȖȗȍ
— ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ǯȕȈȟȐȚ Ȕȣ ȉțȌȍȔ șȒȖȘȖ ȐȔȍȚȤ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȍȋȖ
dzȍȌȧȕȖȑ ȚȖȕ ȥȚȐȝ șȓȖȊ ȏȈȌȍȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ ȎȐȊȖȍ ȇ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȘȈșȠȍȊȍȓȐȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ-
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȕȐȒȈ ȋȐȔȕȈșȚȐȒȐ
— ǶȟȍȕȤ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȦșȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ȉțȌȍȔ ȓȐ Ȕȣ șȒȖȘȖ ȐȔȍȚȤ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ
ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȑ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȧ Ȑ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȖȊȈȚȤ ș ȊȈȔȐ
— DzȈȒ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȊȈȠȐ șȓȖȊȈ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȈȌȊȖȒȈȚ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȏȈȌȊȐ-
ȋȈȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȍ — Ǫȣ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȌțȘȕȣȍ ȊȍșȚȐ"
— Ǫșȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ — ȓȈȒȖȕȐȟȕȖ ȖȚȘȍȏȈȓ ȧ
— ǭșȓȐ ȊȈȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȓȖȘȌ țȍȝȈȓ Ȑȏ ǰȕȌȐȐ ȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȚȘțȌȐȚȍșȤ ȓȐ Ȋȣ șȖ-
ȖȉȡȐȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȋȌȍ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ Ȗȕ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȑ ȖȚȟȍȋȖ Ȋȣ ȚȈȒ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȍȚȍșȤ
ȍȋȖ ȖșȖȉȖȑ"
— dzȖȘȌ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ Ȋ ǷȖȓȤȠȍ Ȋ ǺȈȚȘȈȝ ȕȖ
ȟȚȖ ș ȕȐȔ ȚȈȔ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ; ȌȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ Ȑ ȏȕȈȚȤ
ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ.
— ǫȔ ȥȚȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ǵȍ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȓȐ Ȋȣ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ
ȏȌȖȘȖȊ ȓȐ Ȗȕ"
— ǻȊȣ ǰ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ǷȖ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȣȔ ȔȕȖȦ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ-
ȊȍșȚȐȧȔ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȏȌȖȘȖȊ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȏȍ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ Ȑ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȚ
Ȋ ȎȐȊȣȝ
ǻșȓȣȝȈȊ ȥȚȐ șȓȖȊȈ șȥȘ ǩȐȋȋș ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚȟȍ-
ȒȈȕȐȓ
— ǵȖ ȘȈȏ Ȋȣ șȥȘ ȗȘȐȍȏȎȈȍȚȍ Ȑȏ ǷȖȓȤȠȐ Ȑ țȊȍȘȧȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȔȍșȚȖȗȘȍ-

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ȉȣȊȈȕȐȍ ȓȖȘȌȈ ȊȈȔ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ș ȕȐȔ ȚȈȔ Ǫ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȊȕȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȞȍȓȐ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȊȐȏȐȚȈ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ, ȊȍȌȤ ǷȖȓȤȠȈ ȕȍ
ȈȜȘȐȒȈȕșȒȈȧ ȗțșȚȣȕȧ ȋȌȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤ ȉȍȏ ȊȍșȚȐ
— Ǫȣ ȗȘȈȊȣ — ȗȘȍȘȊȈȓ ȧ ȍȋȖ — ȕȖ ȉȣȊȈȦȚ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȐșȒȓȦ-
ȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ǰ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȦ ȕȐ ȧ Ȑ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ
ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ș ȓȖȘȌȖȔ ǰȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ Ȋ ǺȈȚȘȈȝ ȇ ȖȌȐȕ ȏȕȈȦ Ȗ șțȌȤȉȍ ȗȖ-
șȚȐȋȠȍȑ ȓȖȘȌȈ Ƕȕ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ, ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ-
ȚȈȒȐ ȧ ȖȌȐȕ ȔȖȋț ȐȏȉȈȊȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȍșȓȐ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȈȎȍȚȍșȤ șȖȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ
ȔȕȍǹȥȘ ǩȐȋȋș ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȧ Ƞțȟț ȓȐ ȧ ȐȓȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ
șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ Ƕȕ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ ȘȈȏȉȖȑȕȐȒȈ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȓȖȘȌȈ
Ȑ ȧȊȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȊȣȒțȗ
— Ǭȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȧ — ȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ Ȋ dzȖȕȌȖȕ Ȑ, ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȒȈȎȌȈȧ
ȔȐȕțȚȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȈ ȚȖ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȗȘȐșȚțȗȐȚȤ Ȓ Ȍȍȓț ǹȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ-
șȚȈ șțȕȌțȒȐ ȓȖȘȌȈ țȎȍ ȗȘȐȉȣȓȐ Ȑȏ ǰȕȌȐȐ"
— ǬȈ Ǫȣ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ"
— ǫȌȍ ȖȕȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚșȧ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ ȗȘȖȗțșȚȐȊ ȔȐȔȖ țȠȍȑ ȍȋȖ ȊȖșȒȓȐȞȈ-
ȕȐȍ
— ȇ Ȑȝ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȖȚȖșȓȈȓ Ȋ ǷțȞȒȐȕșȚȖȕ
— Ǫȣ Ȑȝ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓȐ"
— ǵȍȚ
— ǿȍȘȍȏ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȕȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ ȉȣȚȤ Ȋ ȐȔȍȕȐȐ ȓȖȘȌȈ"
— ǿȍȘȍȏ ȠȍșȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ ȍșȓȐ Ȕȣ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȔșȧ ș ȗȖȍȏȌȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȚȝȖȌȐȚ
ȟȍȘȍȏ 3/4 ȟȈșȈ
— Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ, ȍȌȍȔ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ
— ǷȖșȚȖȑȚȍ ȔȐȓȖșȚȐȊȣȑ ȋȖșțȌȈȘȤ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȏȈȟȍȔ ș ȒȈȒȖȑ ȞȍȓȤȦ
ȕțȎȕȈ ȥȚȈ ȗȖȍȏȌȒȈ"
— ȅȚȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ Ǫȣ ȗȖȑȔȍȚȍ ȊȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ ȘȈȏ-
ȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȚȤ ǭȌȍȔ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȔȖȎȍȚȍ Ȋȣ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ șțȕȌțȒ ȗȖȌ
ȹ "
ǹȥȘ ǩȐȋȋș ȗȖȘȣȓșȧ Ȋ ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒȍ ȌȖșȚȈȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȓȐșȚȖȒ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȖȉȍ-
ȎȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
— ȹ " ǬȈ ȚȈȒȖȑ șțȕȌțȒ ȍșȚȤ Ȑ ȏȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȕ ȍȋȖ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȍȟȈȚȤȦ
ǵȍȚ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦ ȗȘȈȊȈ
— ǵȍ ȐȔȍȍȚȍ ȗȘȈȊȈ" Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ, ȖȚ ȐȔȍȕȐ ȓȖȘȌȈ țȗȖȓȕȖȔȖȟȐȊȈȦ ȊȈș
ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȐȉȖ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȏȈȊȐșȐȚ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȓȖȘȌȈ
ǹȥȘ ǩȐȋȋș ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
— ǷȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȓȍ ȔȐȕțȚȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȧ — ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȔ ȖșȕȖ-
ȊȈȕȐȐ Ȋȣ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȍȚȍșȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȖȚ ȐȔȍȕȐ ȓȖȘȌȈ" ǫȌȍ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȖȚ-
ȕȖȠȍȕȐȑ ș ȕȐȔ?!
— ǪȖȚ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ — ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȧ ȍȔț ȌȖșȚȈȊ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ șȚȈȘȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȊȍȘȕțȚțȦ ȒȘȖȝȖȚȕțȦ ȒȖȘȖȉȒț ș ȗȐșȤȔȖȔ ȓȖȘȌȈ
ǹȥȘ ǩȐȋȋș ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȒȖȘȖȉȒț Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȔȐȒȘȖșȒȖȗȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȗȐșȤ-
ȔȈ ȗȖȒȖȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ ȉȈȘȝȈȚȍ Ȑ ȗȓȖȚȕȖ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȚȖȋȖ șȚȍȒȓȣȠȒȖȔ
— DzȖȘȖȉȒȈ ȗțșȚȈ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ ȗȖȎȐȔȈȧ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ

39
— Ǩ ȊȖȚ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȜȓȈȒȖȕȟȐȒ șȗȘȧȚȈȕȕȣȑ Ȋ șțȕȌțȒȍ ȗȖȌ
ȹ  Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȍȌȍȔ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȓȖȘȌȈ ǩȍȏ ȜȓȈȒȖȕȈ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȌȊȐȕțȚȤșȧ
ǸȈșșȟȐȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȚ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȜȓȈȒȖȕȟȐȒ ȕȈȑȌȍȚșȧ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ Ȗȕ ȔȖȋ șȖ-
ȊșȍȔ ȏȈȚȍȘȧȚȤșȧ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȋ ȋȖȘȈȝ
— ǹȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȊȍȘȕȖ
— Ǵȍȕȧ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤ ȕȍȟȚȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȐȕȖȍ ǸȈȏ ȓȖȘȌ țȔȍȕȤȠȐȓ-
șȧ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȍșȐȚ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȌȖȓȐ ȚȖ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȣȗȐȚȤ
ȠȍșȚȤ ȒȈȗȍȓȤ ȥȓȐȒșȐȘȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȎȌȈȧ ȒȈȗȓȧ ȊȍșȐȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȌȖȓȐ?
— ǬȈ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ — ȔȘȈȟȕȖ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȉȘȐȚȈȕȍȞ
— Ȑ ȉȍȌȕȖȔț ȓȖȘȌț ȕȍ ȔȐȕȖȊȈȚȤ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ
— ǵț-ȕț țșȗȖȒȖȑȚȍșȤ ǬȍȓȖ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȖ ȇ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȓ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ
ȥȚȖ ȘȐșȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȠȈȋ ȕȖ ȏȈȚȖ ȊȍȘȕȣȑ ȇ ȊȈȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȎț ȗȖȗȖȏȎȍ Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȈ-
ȊȈȑȚȍ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȜȓȈȒȖȕ
ǹțȕȌțȒ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȐ Ȑ ȜțȚȓȧȘ ș ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔ ȜȓȈȒȖȕȖȔ ȉȣȓ șȒȖȘȖ Ȋ ȔȖȐȝ ȘțȒȈȝ
ǪȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ dzȖȕȌȖȕ Ȕȣ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȌȍȓȖȔ ȗȖșȓȈȓȐ Ȋ ǯȈȒȖȗȈȕȤ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț ș
ȏȈȗȘȖșȖȔ Ȗ ȗȖȋȖȌȍ ǵȈ șȗȈșȍȕȐȍ ǷțȞȒȐȕșȈ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȗȘȐ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȑ ȗȖȋȖȌȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ Ȋ ǺȈȚȘȈȝ șȟȐȚȈȍȚșȧ ȘȍȌȒȐȔ ȋȖșȚȍȔ ǬȖȎȌȐ ȗȘȍȊȘȈ-
ȡȈȦȚ ȥȚȖȚ ȟțȌȕȣȑ țȋȖȓȖȒ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ȋ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȌȣȘț ȋȌȍ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȔț ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȟȒț ȓȐȠȤ ȟțȌȖȔ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȤ șȊȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ Ǵȣ ȎȌȈȓȐ ȖȚ-
ȊȍȚȈ ȕȈ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț ȒȈȒ ȎȌțȚ șȔȍȘȚȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘȈ ȐȓȐ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȕȐȧ ǶȒȖȓȖ ȚȘȍȝ
ȟȈșȖȊ ȕȖȟȐ Ȋ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ șȥȘȈ ǩȐȋȋșȈ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȊȠȐȑ ȖȉȖȐȝ ȕȈș
ȕȍȘȊȕȖ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȚȤ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț ȧ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȊșȒȘȣȊȈȓ ȌȍȗȍȠț. «ǷȖ-
ȋȖȌȈ — ȐȏȊȍȡȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȈȧ șȚȈȘȖȎȐȓȣ ȕȍ ȏȈȗȖȔȕȧȚ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȟțȌȕȣȝ
Ȍȕȍȑ Ȋ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȋȖȘȈȝ». ǸȈȌȖșȚȤ ȕȈȠȈ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞ
— ǭȌȍȔ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ Ƕȕ ȎȐȊ Ȑ ȎȌȍȚ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ, — ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȕȣ Ȑ
ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ǯȈȒȖȗȈȕȤ.
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Ǫ ǺȈȚȘȈȝ Ȕȣ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȌȍȓȖȔ ȖȚȣșȒȈȓȐ țȒȈȏȈȕȕțȦ ȓȖȘȌȖȔ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ șȖȏ-
ȊȈȊ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ ȋȖȘȞȍȊ ȖȒȘțȎȐȓȐ ȎȐȊȖȑ ȞȍȗȤȦ ȊșȦ ȌȖȓȐȕț ǩȍȓȖȑ ǪȖ-
Ȍȣ ȋȌȍ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚȤșȧ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȑ ȔȈȓȦȚȒȈ ǫȖȘȞȈȔ ȊȍȓȍȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ȕȐ ȗȖȌ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȗțșȒȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȖȞȍȗȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ȕȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȐ
ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȐȓ ȉȍȌȕȧȋț
ǹȥȘ ǩȐȋȋș Ȋȏȧȓ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȕȈȌȏȖȘ ȏȈ ȋȖȘȞȈȔȐ ȧ Ȏȍ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȊȣȗȐȚȤ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ
ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȐ Ȑȏ ȜȓȈȒȖȕȟȐȒȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȚȈȚȤ Ȋ ȚȈȒȐȍ Ȏȍ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ Ȓ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑ
ȓȖȘȌ ǷțȞȒȐȕș Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ țȎȍ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȐșȒȐ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȘȐșȒȖȊȈȕȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȓȐȠȤ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȗȐȚȒȈ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȘȍȉȖ-
ȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȍȓȧ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȜȓȈȒȖȕ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȓȖȘȌȖȔ ȕȍ ȖȚȣșȒȈȓșȧ ȚȖ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȈș ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȣ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖșȚȈȚȤșȧ
ȒȈȘȓȐȒȖȔ
ǹȥȘ ǩȐȋȋș ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȋ țȎȈș ȖȚ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȊșȧȟȍșȒȐ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ ȖȚȋȖȊȖ-

ȘȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȖ ȧ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ
ȇ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȗțȚȕȐȒȈ ȚȍȔ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ șȢȍȏȌȐȚȤ Ȋ ǰȕȌȐȦ ȌȖșȚȈȚȤ ț ȜȈȒȐȘȈ șȗȈșȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȕȈȗȐȚȖȒ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐ-
șȚțȗȐȓȐ Ȓ ȖȉșțȎȌȍȕȐȦ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȔȍȘ Ǵȣ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȐȋȕȈȓȣ ȕȈ ȕȍ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȕȣȝ ȗțȕȒȚȈȝ Ȉ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȓțȌȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖȔ ȗțȚȐ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȘȍȗȐȓȐ Ȓ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ ȎȍȘȌȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȜȓȈȋ ț ȥȚȖȑ ȎȍȘȌȐ Ȕȣ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ
ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ șȓțȟȈȍ ȕȈȌȖȉȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ șȖȖȉȡȐȚȤ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț șȖȉȘȈȕȕȣȍ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ
Ǩ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȓȍ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ ȋȖȓȖș ȔȖȑ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ șȌȍȓȈȚȤșȧ ȕȍȌȖ-
șȚțȗȕȣȔ Ȍȓȧ șȥȘȈ ǩȐȋȋșȈ ȚȖ Ȕȣ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȎȍȘȌȐ ș ȜȓȈȋȖȔ ȔȐȒȘȖȜȖȕ
ȗȘȐȊȍȏȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈȔȐ Ȑȏ dzȖȕȌȖȕȈ
ǵȍ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȐ șȊȍȚȖȊȣȍ șȐȋȕȈȓȣ Ȕȣ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȊȖ ȊȍșȤ ȋȖȓȖș ȗȍȚȤ
ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ ȋȐȔȕ “God save the King” Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȐȏȊȍș-
ȚȐȚȤ ȓȖȘȌȈ Ȗ ȔȖȍȔ ȉȓȐȏȒȖȔ șȖșȍȌșȚȊȍ
ǰ ȊȖȚ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ țȎȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȋȖȚȖȊȖ Ȓ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȡȍȔț ȗț-
ȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȦ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȣȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȖȚȘȍȠȐȓșȧ ȖȚ șȊȖȍȑ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȑ ȜȓȍȋȔȣ Ȑ ȍȡȍ
ȘȈȏ ș ȎȈȘȖȔ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȖȚȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȘȐșȒȖȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȧȚȐȧ.
ǵȖ ȗȖ ȔȍȘȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȗȈȌȈȓ ȌțȝȖȔ ȧ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ țȊȓȍȒȈȓșȧ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧ-
ȡȐȔ Ȕȕȍ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍȔ Ȋ șȚȖȓȤ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȑ ȕȈȔ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȚȖȓȤ ȔȈȓȖ Ȑȏ-
ȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȔȐȘ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ șȔȍȘȚȕȣȝ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȓȖȘȌȈ ǷțȞȒȐȕșȈ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓ
ȍȡȍ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȤ

42
ȕȍ țșȓȣȠȈȓ Ȑ Ȑșȟȍȏ Ȋ ȟȈȡȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȐ
ǵȍȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȘȖȊȕȈȧ ȋȖȘȕȈȧ ȗȖȓȧȕȒȈ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȗȘȖ-
șȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ țȡȍȓȐȑ șȒȈȓ Ȑ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȍȑ ȇ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȊȈȓ șȈȔȣȝ
ȗȘȖșȚȣȝ Ȑ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȝ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȖȊ
dzȐșȚȤȧ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓȐ ȉȣȚȤ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȓȐșȚȤȧȔȐ Ȉ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ Ȕȕȍ Ȗȋ-
ȘȖȔȕȣȔȐ ȓȖșȒțȚȈȔȐ ș ȠȍȘȖȝȖȊȈȚȖȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤȦ țșȍȧȕȕȖȑ ȉȍșȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ
ȡȍȚȐȕȒȈȔȐ ȅȚȐ ȡȍȚȐȕȒȐ ȚȖȘȟȈȊȠȐȍ Ȑ ȕȈ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ șȚȍȉȓȧȝ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈ ȞȊȍȚȖȟ-
ȕȣȝ ȓȍȗȍșȚȒȈȝ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȐȕȖȍ ȒȈȒ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȐȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȕȣ ȊȐ-
ȌȐȔ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ ǶȌȕȐ ȖȚȘȖșȚȒȐ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȍȕȐȍȔ
ȕȈȘțȎȕȣȝ ȒȓȍȚȖȟȍȒ ȓȐșȚȈ Ȑȏ ȌȘțȋȐȝ șȕȈȉȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȎȍȓȍȏȈȔȐ ș țȚȖȓȡȍȕȕȣȔȐ
ȊȍȘȝțȠȒȈȔȐ șȖȟȐȓȈșȤ ȓȐȗȒȈȧ ȔȍȌȖȊȐȌȕȈȧ ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȤ ǽȖȌȤȉȈ ȗȖ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȓȐșȚȤȧȔ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈ ȔȈȓȖ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȧ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȔȖȋȓȖ șȓțȟȐȚȤșȧ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȈȍȚ-
șȧ ș ȔȖȠȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȎțȟȒȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȗȈȊ ȕȈ ȥȚȐ ȓȐȗȒȐȍ ȓȐșȚȤȧ ȗȘȐȓȐȗȈȦȚ Ȓ
ȕȐȔ Ȑ ȋȐȉȕțȚ Ȋ ȚȡȍȚȕȣȝ țșȐȓȐȧȝ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȚȤ Ȑȏ ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȐ șȊȖȐ ȕȖȎȒȐ Ȑ ȒȘȣ-
ȓȣȠȒȐ
ǷȍșȖȒ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ ȉȣȚȤ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȍșȒȖȔ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȈȧ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȗȍșȟȐȕ-
ȒȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȠȓȐȜȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȔ ȠȈȘȖȔ ș ȎȍȓȚȖȊȈȚȣȔ ȐȓȐ ȒȘȈșȕȖ-
ȊȈȚȣȔ ȖȚȚȍȕȒȖȔ
ǶȉȖȕȧȕȐȍ ȔȖȍ Ȑ șȓțȝ ȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȠȈȋț ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȐ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖșȚȐ
Ǫ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ Ȕȕȍ ȈȘȖȔȈȚȣ Ȑ ȏȊțȒȐ ȗȖȔȐȕțȚȕȖ ȏȈȋȓțȠȈȍ-
Ȕȣȍ ȚȖ ȗȖȘȣȊȖȔ ȊȍȚȘȈ ȚȖ ȠțȔȖȔ Ȑ șȊȐșȚȖȔ ȒȘȣȓȤȍȊ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȇ șȒȖȘȖ țș-
ȗȍȓ ȖȞȍȕȐȚȤ țșȓțȋȐ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȍ Ȕȕȍ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȍȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ ȗȘȍȌțșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓ ș șȖȉȖȑ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȕȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȖȉȕȧȚȤ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȒȘțȗȕȖȍ
Ȑ ȉȓȐȏȒȖȍ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȧ ȉȘȈȓ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȤ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȣȔ ȒȖȕȞȖȔ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȣ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ țȔȍȕȤȠȍȕȕȖȔ ȊȐȌȍ ǮȍȓȈȧ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȤ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ ȧ ȗȖȓȤȏȖ-
ȊȈȓșȧ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȍȔ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȐȔ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȓȤȏțȦȚșȧ
ǶșȊȖȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ șȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ țȉȍȌȐȊȠȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȑ
ȜȓȈȒȖȕ ș ȖșȚȈȚȒȖȔ ȥȓȐȒșȐȘȈ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ ȗȖȧșȖȔ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓ,
ȕȍ ȚȍȘȧȧ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ ǹ ȥȚȖȑ Ȟȍ-
ȓȤȦ ȧ ȊșȒȈȘȈȉȒȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȘȈșȒȐȌȐșȚȣȑ ȚȣșȧȟȍȓȐșȚȕȐȒ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȌȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȑ ȊȍȘȝțȠȒȐ ȍȋȖ ǹ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȗțȕȒȚȈ
ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ
ǶȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȒȈȒ șȒȈȓȣ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȖȉȘȖșȠȐȍ ȘȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȔȐ ȔȝȈȔȐ ȏȈșȓȖȕȐȓȐ
ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ șȐȕȍȊț ȘȐșȖȊȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȝ ȋȖȘ Ȉ ȔȍșȚȈȔȐ ȋȘțȗȗȣ ȘȖșȒȖȠ-
ȕȣȝ ȗȈȗȖȘȖȚȕȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȚȘȈȊ ȊșȚȈȊȈȓȐ ȗȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȊȣșȖȒȐȔȐ șȚȍȕȈȔȐ ȏȈ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ ȐșȒȈȓ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȝ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȖȊ
ǩȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȍ ȖȉȐȓȐȍ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȗȘȖșȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȖȚȕȖ
ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ
ǬȖȓȋȖ șȐȌȍȓ ȧ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȔ ȘȈȏȌțȔȤȍ ȕȍ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȚȤ ȋȓȈȏ ȖȚ ȖȒȘț-
ȎȈȊȠȍȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȈȕȖȘȈȔȣ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈ ȏȈȗȈȌ ȖȚȘȍȏȊȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȚȈȔ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȐșȤ ȜȓȈȋȐ Ȑ ȕȍȧșȕȈȧ ȚȍȕȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ șȥȘ ǩȐȋȋș
ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȊȠȐȑ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȧȕț ȗȍșȚȘȣȔ ȒȖȊȘȖȔ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȊȠțȦșȧ ț ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋ
ǷȖȒȈ ȧ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ Ȋ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȤ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȔȍșȧȞ ȋȓȈȏ șȥȘȈ ǩȐȋȋșȈ
ȗȖȌțȓ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ ȊȍȚȍȘȖȒ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȘȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȐ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȒȖȓȣȝȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȧ ȊȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȖȒȈ șȓȍȚȍȓ ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ Ǫ ȌȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȐȍ ȐșȗțȋȈ ȧ ȟțȚȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ

44
Ȕț Țȍȓț ǬȍȓȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȊȍȘȌȣȝ ȟȍȓȦșȚȍȑ ȔțȘȈȊȤȐ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȦȚ ȕȈșȚț-
ȗȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ Ȑ ȖȉȖȘȖȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȖȘțȌȐȍȔ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȓȍȚțȟȍȑ ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȖȕȐ
ȖȉȐȓȤȕȖ ȊȣȌȍȓȧȦȚ Ȑȏ șȍȉȧ ȅȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȈȧ ȔțȘȈȊȤȐȕȈȧ ȒȐșȓȖȚȈ Ǭȓȧ ȖȉȣȒ-
ȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȖȕȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȉȍȏȊȘȍȌȕȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȝțȌȠȍȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȕȈ
ȒȖȎȍ ȓȍȋȒȖȍ ȊȖșȗȈȓȍȕȐȍ ǵȖ Ȍȓȧ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȒȘȖȠȍȟȕȖȋȖ șȓȈȉȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȒȈ
ȒȈȒȐȔ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȖȗȈșȕȈ Ǫșȍ ȒȘȖȝȖȚȕȣȍ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȖȉȘȣȏ-
ȋȈȕȕȣȍ ȥȚȖȑ ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȤȦ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ țȔȐȘȈȦȚ Ȋ ȚȧȎȒȐȝ ȔțȟȍȕȐȧȝ
ȇ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȚȈȓ ȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȗ ȔțȘȈȊȤȧȝ Ȑ șȘȈȊȕȐȊȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ș ȓȦȌȤȔȐ
DzȚȖ ȌțȔȈȓ ȧ ȞȈȘȤ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȐȓȐ ȔțȘȈȊȍȑ" ǰ ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ ȔțȘȈȊȤȐ ȖȌȐȕȈ-
ȒȖȊȖ ȋțșȚȖ ȏȈșȍȓȧȦȚ ȏȍȔȕȖȑ ȠȈȘ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȔțȘȈȊȤȐ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȍȍ
ȓȦȌȍȑ ǹȍȓ Ȑ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȊ ȓȦȌșȒȐȝ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȔțȘȈȊȤȐȕȣȝ Ȏȍ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȣ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȓȦ-
ȌȐ ȉȍȏȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȕȖ țȉȐȊȈȦȚ ȔțȘȈȊȤȍȊ Ȑ ȘȈȏȘțȠȈȦȚ Ȑȝ ȎȐȓȐȡȈ ȕȖ ȊȖ-ȗȍȘȊȣȝ
ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌșȚȊȈ Ȉ ȊȖ-ȊȚȖȘȣȝ Ȑ ȔțȘȈȊȤȐ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ Ȋ ȕȍȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȝ șȚȘȈȕȈȝ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȧȦȚ ȓȦȌȧȔ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȈ ǵȍ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȏȈ-
ȉȣȊȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ șȚȘȈȌȈȦȚ ȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȓȐȠȤ Țȍ ȔțȘȈȊȤȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȐȔȍȦȚ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ
ȎȐȚȤ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȗȖ șȖșȍȌșȚȊț ǶșȚȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȍ Ȏȍ ȋȕȍȏȌȧȡȐȍșȧ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȓȍ-
șȖȊ Ȑ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȕȍȖȉȐȚȈȍȔȣȝ Ȕȍș-
ȚȈȝ ȕȍ ȉȖȧȚșȧ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȦȚ Ȗȉ Ȑȝ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȐ
ǸȈșșțȎȌȈȧ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȧ ȗȖȟțȊ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȌ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȌȖșȚȈȊ Ȑȏ
șȊȖȍȑ ȌȖȘȖȎȕȖȑ șțȔȒȐ ȗȘȐȗȈșȣ
ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȐȓșȧ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȈȚȤ ǴȍȎȌț
ȚȍȔ, ȔȐȔȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȞȍȓȣȔȐ ȚȖȓȗȈȔȐ
ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȕȖȊȣȍ Ȑ ȕȖȊȣȍ Ȕț-
ȘȈȊȤȐ ǶȌȕȐ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȒȈȘȈȉȒȈȓȐșȤ
ȕȈ ȊȍȘȝțȠȒț ȊȣșȖȒȖȋȖ șȚȍȉȓȧ ȊȉȓȐ-
ȏȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧ șȐȌȍȓ ȌȘțȋȐȍ șȗȖȓ-
ȏȈȓȐ ȊȕȐȏ Ȑ ȗȘȖȗȈȌȈȓȐ Ȋ ȚȘȈȊȍ ǿȚȖ
ȊȓȍȒȓȖ Ȑȝ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ șȚȍȉȍȓȤ ȕȍșȔȖȚ-
Șȧ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȕȍțȌȖȉșȚȊȈ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȐ ȗȖ
ȕȍȔț ȊȊȍȘȝ Ȑ ȊȕȐȏ" ǯȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȥȚȐȔ ȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț — Ȑ
ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȈȓ ȏȈȋȈȌȒț ǪȍȘȝ-
ȕȧȧ ȟȈșȚȤ șȚȍȉȓȧ Ȑ ȊȍȚȒȐ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧ
ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣ ȉȍșȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȔȕȖ-
ȎȍșȚȊȖȔ ȗȖȓțȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȝ ȎȍȓȚȖ-
ȊȈȚȖ-ȏȍȓȍȕȣȝ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊ-
ȓȧȊȠȐȝșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ șȚȈ-
ȌȖȔ ȖȊȍȞ ȘȈȏȉȘȖșȈȕȕȣȝ ȗȖ șȒȓȖȕț ȋȖȘȣ ǵȖ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȡȐȗȈȚȤ ȚȘȈȊț
Ȋșȍ ȖȕȐ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȏȈȘȣȊ șȊȖȐ ȘȚȣ Ȋ ȒȖȎȐȞț șȚȍȉȓȧ țșȍȘȌȕȖ ȊȣșȈșȣȊȈȓȐ Ȑȏ ȕȍ-
ȋȖ șȖȒȐ Ǭȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȧșȕȖ ȒțȌȈ șȚȘȍȔȐȓȐșȤ ȔțȘȈȊȤȐ — ȗȖȌ ȚȍȕȤȦ
ȏȍȓȍȕȖȋȖ ȉȈȓȌȈȝȐȕȈ șȒȘȣȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȘȈȑ ȔțȘȈȊȤȐȕȖȋȖ ȞȈȘșȚȊȈ Ȉ ȐȔȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȉȍșȟȐșȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ Țȓȍȑ ȊȣȘȈȉȈȚȣȊȈȦȡȐȝ șȓȈȌȒȐȑ șȖȒ ȓȦȉȐȔȍȑ-

45
Ƞȍȍ ȓȈȒȖȔșȚȊȖ ȔțȘȈȊȤȍȊ ǯȈ ȥȚț ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕțȦ țșȓțȋț ȚȓȐ ȗȖȓȤȏțȦȚșȧ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ ȔțȘȈȊȤȍȊ ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȉȍȘȍȋȈȦȚ Ȑȝ ȖȚ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȝ ȉȍȌ-
șȚȊȐȑ ȕȖ ȟȈșȚȖ șȚȘȖȧȚ ȐȔ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȌȊȖȘȣ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȏȍ ȗȖȘȖȌȣ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ
ȎȍȓȚȣȍ ȔțȘȈȊȤȐ ȌȈȎȍ țȊȖȌȧȚ Ȑȝ Ȋ șȊȖȐ ȋȕȍȏȌȈ ȋȌȍ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȚ ȚȈȒȐȔ Ȏȍ ȊȕȐ-
ȔȈȕȐȍȔ ȒȈȒ Ȑ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȒțȒȖȓȖȒ Ȑ ȓȐȟȐȕȖȒ
ǸȈȏȔȣȠȓȧȧ Ȗ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȔ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȐ ȔțȘȈȊȤȍȊ Ȓ ȚȘȈȊȧȕȣȔ ȊȠȈȔ șȚȖȓȤ ȕȈ-
ȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡȍȔ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȓ ȖȊȞȈȔ ȒȖȏȈȔ Ȑ ȒȖȘȖȊȈȔ ȧ șȖȉȘȈȓ șȊȖȐ Ȋȍ-
ȡȐ Ȑ ȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȑ ȗțȚȤ
ǵȖ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȔțȘȈȊȤȧȔ ȗțȚȤ ȔȖȑ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȏȈȚȘțȌȕȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȅȚȐ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȕȣȍ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȕȈȦȚ șȊȖȐ țȏȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȚȘȖȗȐȕȒȐ
ȕȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȦȚ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȍ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȍ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ǰȏ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖșȚȐ ȧ
ȎȍȓȈȓ ȉȣ ȗȖșȊȧȚȐȚȤ ȐȔ ȍȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȘȖȒ ȇ ȐȔȍȓ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ
ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚȤșȧ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȏȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȔȖȐȝ ȟȈșȚȣȝ ȗȘȐȊȈȓȖȊ ȊȉȓȐȏȐ ȔțȘȈ-
ȊȤȐȕȣȝ ȋȕȍȏȌ Ȑ ȊșȒȖȘȍ țȉȍȌȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȕȈȠȐ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȔțȘȈȊȤȧȝ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ
ȗȖȓȕȣ ǪȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ, Ȑ Ȑȏ ȐȔȍȦȡȐȝșȧ ț ȕȈș ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȕȣȝ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ Ȕȣ
ȏȕȈȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȔȣȠȓȍȕȣȍ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȟȚȖ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȔțȘȈ-
ȊȤȐ ȕȈȘȈȊȕȍ ș ȗȟȍȓȈȔȐ ȗȖ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȧ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȗȍȘȊȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ
ǰȝ ȋȕȍȏȌȈ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȍ ȔțȘȈȊȍȑȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȖȉȘȈȏ-
ȞȖȊȖ țșȚȘȖȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ ȐȓȐ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ǽȖȚȧ Ȋ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȧȝ ȥȚȐȝ ȕȍȚ ȕȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȤ-
ȕȐȒȖȊ ȕȐ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ ȞȈȘȧȡȐȑ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȍȕ ǵȖ ȟȚȖ ȊșȍȋȖ
ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȍȍ ȥȚȖ șȚȘȖȋȖȍ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȚȘțȌȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȚȈȔ șȓȍȌțȦȚ Ǫșȍ ȌȍȓȈ ȖȚ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȏȈȊȐșȐȚ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȐȍ ȔțȘȈȊȍȑȕȐȒȈ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȍȕȣ ȔȍȎ-
Ȍț ȍȋȖ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȦȡȐȔȐ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȖȉȘȖșȖȊȍșȚȕȖ șȊȖȐ ȖȉȧȏȈȕ-
ȕȖșȚȐ ǶȌȕȐ ȘȖȦȚ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȌȘțȋȐȍ șȚȘȖȧȚ ȚȘȍȚȤȐ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȦȚșȧ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȐȍȔ ȔȖ-
ȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȧ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȣȍ — ȗȈșȚțȠȍșȚȊȖȔ ȗȘȐȘțȟȍȕȐȍȔ Țȓȍȑ ȗȧȚȣȍ —ȖȝȖ-
ȚȖȑ șȖȉȐȘȈȕȐȍȔ șȢȍșȚȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȗȈșȖȊ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȔ ȘȍȔȍșȓȖȔ Ȑ Ț Ȍ Ȑ Ț Ȍ DzȈȎ-
Ȍȣȑ ȏȈȉȖȚȐȚșȧ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȔț Ȗȉ ȖȉȡȍȔ ȉȓȈȋȍ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ șȈȔȣȔ șȚȈȘȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȏȖȔ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȍȚ ȊȖȏȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȖșȚȐ
ǷȖșȚȘȖȑȒȐ ȔțȘȈȊȤȍȊ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȖșȚȣ ȒȈȒ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȊȐȌ Ǫ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȓȍ-
șȈȝ ȋȕȍȏȌȈ ȘȣȎȐȝ ȔțȘȈȊȤȍȊ ș ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȒȈȒ
ȉȍșȜȖȘȔȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȖȘȒȈȔȐ șȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ Ȑȏ ȔȍȓȒȐȝ ȡȍȗȖȟȍȒ ȒȈȔȍȠȒȖȊ ȓȐș-
ȚȤȍȊ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟ ǪȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍȍ țșȚȘȖȑșȚȊȖ Ȑȝ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ șȓȖȎȕȖ Ȑ
ȖȟȍȕȤ țȔȕȖ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȕȖ ȒȈȒ ș ȞȍȓȤȦ țȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊțȦ ȚȍȔȗȍȘȈȚțȘț ȓȍȚȖȔ
Ȑ ȏȐȔȖȦ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ș ȞȍȓȤȦ ȏȈȡȐȚȣ ȖȚ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȝ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ
ǪȕțȚȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȋȕȍȏȌȈ ȒȈȒ ȘȣȎȐȝ ȔțȘȈȊȤȍȊ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ șȖșȚȖȐȚ Ȑȏ ȉȍșȟȐș-
ȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȈ ȒȈȔȖȘȖȒ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȊȍȘȚȐȒȈȓȤȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȋȈȓȍȘȍȧȔȐ Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȏțȦȡȐȝ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȥȚȈȎȍȑ
ǪȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ Ȕȣ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔ ȔțȘȈȊȍȑȕȐȒȖȔ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȓȐȠȤ ȊȍȘȝ-
ȕȦȦ Ȑ șȈȔțȦ ȕȍȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȟȈșȚȤ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȐ
ǬȘțȋȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤ șȈȔȈȧ ȊȈȎȕȈȧ șȒȘȣȚȈ ȗȖȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ ǵȐȎȕȐȍ ȥȚȈȎȐ șȓțȎȈȚ țȉȍ-
ȎȐȡȍȔ Ȋ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ ȌȕȐ Ȑ ȕȖȟȐ ȚȈȔ Ȏȍ ȔțȘȈȊȤȐ ȏȐȔțȦȚ ȚȈȔ Ȏȍ șȉȍȘȍȋȈȦȚșȧ
ȗȘȐȗȈșȣ ǪȍȘȝȕȐȍ ȥȚȈȎȐ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ ȓȍȚȕȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȅȚȈȎȐ șȖȍ-
ȌȐȕȧȦȚșȧ ȔȍȎȌț șȖȉȖȦ ȊȍȘȚȐȒȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȈȔȐ Ȑ șȖȖȉȡȈȦȚșȧ ș ȊȍȘȝțȠ-
ȒȖȑ ȔțȘȈȊȍȑȕȐȒȈ ȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȖȔ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȈ șȒȊȈȎȐȕ ǵȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȊȘȈȋ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȖ-
ȕȐȒȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȔțȘȈȊȍȑȕȐȒ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ țȝȖȌȧ ȊȕȐȏ ȔțȘȈȊȤȐ șȚȈȘȈȚȍȓȤ-

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ȕȖ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȦȚ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȦ Ȋșȍ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȧ ǹȊȍȘȝ ȚȖȋȖ ȔțȘȈȊȍȑȕȐȒ șȕȈȘțȎȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ
ȖȉȍȘȍȋȈȍȚșȧ ȟțȚȒȐȔȐ ȟȈșȖȊȣȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȘȈșșȚȈȊȓȍȕȣ Ȑ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ ȔțȘȈȊȍȑȕȐȒȍ
ȖȒȖȓȖ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ Țțȕȕȍȓȍȑ ȊȍȌțȡȐȝ ȒȖ ȊȝȖȌȈȔ ǻ ȔțȘȈȊȤȍȊ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȈ-
ȋȖȊ ȐȔ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȊȍșȚȐ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ș ȐȕȖȗȓȍȔȍȕȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȕȖ Ȑ ș șțȡȍ-
șȚȊȈȔȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ Ȏȍ ȘȖȌȈ — ș ȔțȘȈȊȤȧȔȐ ǸȈȏȕȣȍ ȊȐȌȣ ȥȚȐȝ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȊȘȈȎ-
ȌțȦȚ ȔȍȎȌț șȖȉȖȦ Ȑ ȟȈșȚȖ ȌȖȊȖȌȧȚ șșȖȘȣ ȌȖ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȝ șȚȣȟȍȒ ǷȖȟȚȐ Ȋșȍ ȖȉȐ-
ȚȈȚȍȓȐ ȔțȘȈȊȍȑȕȐȒȖȊ șȗȖșȖȉȕȣ Ȓ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȔ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧȔ ȕȖ ȈȘȔȐȐ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ-
șȧ Ȑȏ șȈȔȣȝ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȝ ȖȚȊȈȎȕȣȝ Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȣȝ ȊȖȐȕȖȊ
ǪȖȑȕȣ ț ȔțȘȈȊȤȍȊ ȌȍȓȖ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȐ ȖȕȐ ȕȐȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȖȚȓȐ-
ȟȈȦȚșȧ ȖȚ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǴȍȎȌț ȓȦȌȤȔȐ Ȑ ȔțȘȈȊȤȧȔȐ ȚȈ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȘȈȏ-
ȕȐȞȈ ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȧȚ ȕȈ șȊȍȚ ǩȖȎȐȑ ȖȉȔțȕȌȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȊȖȖȘț-
ȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȕȈȠȐ ȈȘȔȐȐ ȚȘȈȚȧȚșȧ ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȣ Șțȉȓȍȑ ǵȈ ȊȖȑȕȍ
ȔțȘȈȊȤȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦȚ ȕȐ ȎȈȓȖșȚȐ ȕȐ șȚȘȈȝȈ Ȑ ȉȤȦȚșȧ ȕȍ ȕȈ ȎȐȊȖȚ Ȉ ȕȈ șȔȍȘȚȤ
ǶȕȐ ȖȉȕȐȔȈȦȚșȧ ȕȖȎȒȈȔȐ ȒțșȈȦȚșȧ ȒțȊȣȘȒȈȦȚșȧ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȚȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ
ȗȖȓȍ ȉȐȚȊȣ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ țșȍȧȕȖ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȟȈșȚȧȔȐ Ȑȝ Țȍȓ Ȑ ȞȍȓȣȔȐ ȚȘțȗȈȔȐ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ șȔȍȚȒȈ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌțșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ Ȑȝ Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ
Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ ȖȌȕȐ ȌȍȘțȚșȧ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȋȘȈȉȧȚ ȋȕȍȏȌȈ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ țȕȖșȧȚ Ȑȝ ȧȑȞȈ Ȑ
ȓȐȟȐȕȒȐ Ȋ șȊȖȑ ȔțȘȈȊȍȑȕȐȒ ȋȌȍ ȐȓȐ ȖȉȘȍȒȈȦȚ Ȑȝ ȕȈ șȢȍȌȍȕȐȍ ȐȓȐ ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ
ȏȈȉȖȚȓȐȊȖ ȊȣȘȈȡȐȊȈȦȚ ș ȞȍȓȤȦ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȚȤ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȍ ǪȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȕȍȘȍȌȒȖ Ȋ
ȖȌȕȖȔ ȔțȘȈȊȍȑȕȐȒȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȘȖȌ ȔțȘȈȊȤȍȊ ȎȐȊțȡȐȝ ȊȔȍ-
șȚȍǹȈȔȣȍ ȊȖȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȔțȘȈȊȤȐ — ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ǶȕȐ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȌȍȘȎȈȚ ȔȕȖȋȖ
ȘȈȉȖȊ Ȑ ȟȈșȚȖ ȕȈȗȈȌȈȦȚ ȕȈ șȖșȍȌȕȐȍ ȎȐȓȐȡȈ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȔțȘȈȊȤȍȊ ȗȖșȚȘȖȍȕȕȣȍ
Ȋ ȗȖȌȋȕȐȊȠȐȝ ȗȕȧȝ ǷȖșȓȍ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȋȖ ȉȖȧ Ȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȔ ȗȖȓȍ ȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȕȣȝ
șȚȍȕȈȝ ȖȕȐ Ȋ șȓțȟȈȍ ȗȖȉȍȌȣ țȕȖșȧȚ Ȑȏ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤșȒȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȒȖ-
ȒȖȕȖȊ ǴțȘȈȊȤȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȣȓțȗȧȚșȧ Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ ȒȖȒȖȕȖȊ șȚȈȕȖȊȧȚșȧ Ȑȝ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȣ-
ȔȐ Ȑ ȚȘțȌȖȓȦȉȐȊȣȔȐ ȘȈȉȈȔȐ
Ǫ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȎȈȘȒȐȝ șȚȘȈȕȈȝ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȖȘȈȎȈȦȚ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȘȈȏ-
ȔȍȘȣ ȔțȘȈȊȤȐȕȣȝ ȋȕȍȏȌ ǶȌȐȕ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒ ȕȈȚȖȓȒȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ǨȜȘȐȒȍ ȕȈ Ȕț-
ȘȈȊȍȑȕȐȒ ȐȔȍȊȠȐȑ ȠȍșȚȤ ȜțȚȖȊ Ȋ ȊȣȠȐȕț Ȉ Ȋ ȖȒȘțȎȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ
șȚȖ ȜțȚȖȊ Ǫ ȓȍșȈȝ ǫȊȐȈȕȣ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȦȚșȧ ȗȐȘȈȔȐȌȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȔțȘȈȊȍȑȕȐȒȐ ȊȣȠȐ-
ȕȖȦ Ȋ - ȜțȚȖȊ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȖȗȍȘȍȟȕȐȒȍ Ȋ - ȜțȚȖȊ ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ
ȗȖ ǫȊȐȈȕȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȊ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȋȕȍȏȌȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȈȓșȧ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȗȖ-
ȌȖȑȚȐ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȉȣȚȤ șȢȍȌȍȕȕȣȔ ȔțȘȈȊȤȧȔȐ
ǵȈȠȐ ȔțȘȈȊȤȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉȍȏȊȘȍȌȕȣ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș ȕȖ Ȋ ȚȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒȐȝ șȚȘȈȕȈȝ ȍșȚȤ
ȚȈȒȐȍ ȔțȘȈȊȤȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȉțȌțȟȐ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȣ ȎȈȓȖȔ ȒțșȈȦȚșȧ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȉȖȓȤȕȍȍ
ȗȟȍȓ DzȈȗȐȚȈȕ ǹȚȍȕȌȔȈȕ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȘȈȏ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȎȈȓȖȕȖșȕȣȍ ȔțȘȈȊȤȐ ȏȈ-
șȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȘȈȏȉȍȎȈȚȤșȧ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȖȚȘȧȌ ȖȚȌȣȝȈȊȠȐȝ șȖȓȌȈȚ ǻȒțș ȚȈȒȖȋȖ Ȕț-
ȘȈȊȤȧ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȐȓ ȍȔț ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȎȍșȚȖȒȐȍ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ Ǫ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȉȖȓȤ
ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȐȓȈșȤ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔț Țȍȓț Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȖȉȍșșȐȓȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ țȗȈȓ Ȑ ȓȐȠȐȓșȧ
șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȈșȤ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȒȈ ȧȊȓȧȦȡȈȧșȧ Ȗȉȣȟ-
ȕȣȔ șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍȔ țȒțșȈ ȥȚȐȝ ȔțȘȈȊȤȍȊ
ǷȘȖșȚȐ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȗȓȍȔȧȕȕȐȒ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȚȈȒ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȐȠț Țȍȉȍ Ȗ Ȕț-
ȘȈȊȤȧȝ ȇ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȚȤ Ȗ ȕȐȝ ȕȖ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȤ Ȕȕȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȊ

47
ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ, ȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ Țȍȉȧ ȗȖȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȔ Ȑȝ șȍȔȍȑ-
ȕȣȝ ȚȈȑȕ ǸțȟȈȦșȤ ȟȚȖ Țȣ țȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖȋȖ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈ-
Ȏț Țȍȉȍ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȊȖșȗȐȚȣȊȈȦȚ șȊȖȐȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ ǻ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȔȓȍȒȖȗȐȚȈȦȡȐȝ Ȑ ț
ȗȚȐȞ ȊȍșȤ ȚȘțȌ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȐȧ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȕȈ ȔȈȚȍȘȧȝ ȖȚȞȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȍȌȒȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȧȚ Ȓ
ȕȐȔ ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ǻ ȔțȘȈȊȤȍȊ Ȏȍ Ȑ ȗȟȍȓ ȕȐ ȔȈȚȤ ȕȐ ȖȚȍȞ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȖȚȧȚșȧ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ
ȗȖȚȖȔșȚȊȍ ȅȚȈ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȖșȚȤ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȕȈ ȖșȖȉȣȝ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȞȈȝ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡȐȝ ȕȈ-
ȠȐȝ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȣȝ ȚȍȚțȠȍȒ ȊșȍȔ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȣȝ șȊȖȐȔ ȗȓȍȔȧȕȕȐȒȈȔ Ȑ ȗȓȍ-
ȔȧȕȕȐȞȈȔ ȅȚȐ ȔțȘȈȊȤȐ-ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȞȣ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȣȍ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȕșȒȖȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ Ȓ ȟț-
ȎȐȔ ȌȍȚȧȔ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȧ ȔțȘȈȊȤȐȕȖȋȖ ȋȕȍȏȌȈ ȝȖȚȧ Ȋ ȕȍȉȖȓȤ-
ȗȐȝ ȔțȘȈȊȍȑȕȐȒȈȝ ȏȈ ȕȍȐȔȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑȝ Țȍ Ȏȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȦȚ șȈȔȐ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ
Ǫ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȔțȘȈȊȍȑȕȐȒȈȝ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȐȔ ȕȍ ȋȐȉȕȍȚ ȌȍȊȧȚȤ ȌȍșȧȚȣȝ ȔȖȓȖȌȖ-
ȋȖ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȧ ǸȈȌȐ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȐȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȖȕȐ ȌȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȚ
ȕȈ șȍȉȧ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȋȖ ȚȘțȌȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȕȍ țȌȐȊȓȧȚȤșȧ Ȑȝ ȗȖȘȈȏȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖȔț ȚȘțȌȖȓȦȉȐȦ Ȑ șȈȔȖȖȚȊȍȘȎȍȕȐȦ ǩȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖ ȔțȘȈȊȍȑȕȐȒȖȊ ȖȉȧȏȈ-
ȕȖ ȐȔ ȊșȍȔ șȊȖȐȔ ȉȓȈȋȖșȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ ǽȖȚȧ ȗȖ țșȍȘȌȐȦ
ȗȟȍȓȣ ȕȍ țșȚțȗȈȦȚ ȐȔ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȐȔȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȘȈȏȕȐȞȈ ǮȐȏȕȤ ȗȟȍȓ ȟȘȍȏ-
ȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȖȌȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȈ DzȈȎȌȈȧ ȓȐȟȐȕȒȈ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȍȚ șȊȖȦ ȒȓȍȚȖȟȒț ȗȖȓțȟȈȍȚ șȊȖȦ
ȗȖȘȞȐȦ ȔȍȌȈ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊȈ Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȞȣ ȘȖȊȕȖ Ȑ ȔȖȕȖȚȖȕȕȖ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȦȚ șȊȖȐ Ȗȉȧ-
ȏȈȕȕȖșȚȐ ǬȈȎȍ ȗȐȡȈ Ȑȝ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑ ȚȈ Ȏȍ — ȞȊȍȚȖȟȕȈȧ ȗȣȓȤ Ȑ ȔȍȌ ȔȍȌ Ȑ
ȞȊȍȚȖȟȕȈȧ ȗȣȓȤ Ǫ ȔțȘȈȊȍȑȕȐȒȍ Ȏȍ ȎȐȏȕȤ șȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȍȚșȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȐȕȈȟȍ ǭș-
ȓȐ ȘȈșȒȖȗȈȚȤ ȗȈȓȖȟȒȖȑ ȔțȘȈȊȍȑȕȐȒ ȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȔțȘȈȊȤȐ ȕȍțșȚȘȈ-
ȠȐȔȖ ȊȣȉȍȋȈȦȚ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȘȍȎȌȍȕȕȣȍ șȚȍȕȣ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ țȕȖșȧȚ Ȋ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȣȍ ȋȈȓȍ-
ȘȍȐ ȉȍȓȣȍ țȌȓȐȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȚȍȓȤȞȈ Ǫ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȥȒșȚȘȍȕȕȣȝ șȓțȟȈȧȝ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔțȘȈȊȤȐ
ȏȈȕȐȔȈȦȡȍȍșȧ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȐȍȔ ȕȖ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȖ ȊȣȉȍȋȈȦȚ
șȗȈșȈȚȤ ȓȐȟȐȕȖȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȋȘȖȏȐȚ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ǭșȓȐ șȚȘȖȋȐȑ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤ ȌȖȊȍȌȍȚ
șȊȖȦ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖșȚȤ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȘȈȏȘȍȎȍȚ ȗȖȗȖȓȈȔ ȔțȘȈȊȤȧ ȏȈȕȧȚȖȋȖ șȗȈșȍȕȐȍȔ ȉȍ-
ȓȣȝ ȚȍȓȍȞ ȚȖ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȐȚ ȒȈȒ ȔțȘȈȊȍȑ ȒȖȘȟȈșȤ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌșȔȍȘȚȕȣȝ șțȌȖȘȖȋȈȝ Ȋșȍ
Ȏȍ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȕȖȠȐ Ȑ ȊȖȏȐȚșȧ ș ȕȍȑ ȗȖȒȈ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȕȍ ȗȖȋȈșȕȍȚ ȗȖș-
ȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȐșȒȘȈ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȅȚȐ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȚȍȓȤȞȈ — ȓȐȟȐȕȒȐ ȔțȘȈȊȤȍȊ Ȉ ȕȍ ȧȐȟȒȐ ȒȈȒ
ȌțȔȈȦȚ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȧȐȟȒȐ ȚȈȒ ȔȈȓȣ ȟȚȖ Ȑȝ ȍȌȊȈ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȕȍȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȋȓȈȏȖȔ
ǹȈȔȒȐ ȉȍȋȈȧ ȗȖ ȔțȘȈȊȍȑȕȐȒț ȒȓȈȌțȚ ȧȐȟȒȐ ȋȌȍ ȐȔ ȊȏȌțȔȈȍȚșȧ ȔțȘȈȊȤȐ
Ȏȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȞȣ ȝȖȌȧȚ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ ȗȖȌȉȐȘȈȦȚ ȘȈȏȉȘȖșȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȊșȦȌț ȧȐȟȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȟȐșȚȐȊ Ȑȝ șȊȖȍȑ șȓȦȕȖȑ țȕȖșȧȚ Ȋ șȒȓȈȌ ȧȐȟȍȒ ȗȖȔȍȡȈȦȡȍȑșȧ Ȋ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȈ-
ȔȍȘȍ ǺȈȔ ȖȕȐ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȦȚ Ȑȝ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȞȈȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȓȍȌȧȚ ȏȈ Ȋȣȓțȗȓȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ ȟȍȘȊȧȟȒȖȊ Ȑ ȏȈ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȧȐȟȒȐ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ Ȋ Țȍȗȓȍ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȊȣȓțȗȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ
ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚșȧ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ ȚȘțȌ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȐȞ DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȏȈ ȟȈș ȌȖ ȏȈȒȈȚȈ șȖȓȕ-
ȞȈ ȖȕȐ ȗȍȘȍȕȖșȧȚ Ȋșȍȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ Ȋ ȕȐȎȕȐȍ ȥȚȈȎȐ ȒțȌȈ ȕȍ ȌȖșȚȐȋȈȍȚ ȕȐ șȣȘȖșȚȤ
ȕȐ ȕȖȟȕȖȑ ȝȖȓȖȌ Ǩ țȚȘȖȔ ȗȘȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȓțȟȈȝ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȗȘȖșȣȗȈȦȚșȧ ȔțȘȈȊȤȐ
ȎȐȊțȡȐȍ Ȋ ȊȍȘȝȕȐȝ ȥȚȈȎȈȝ Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȘȈȏȉȍȋȈȦȚșȧ ȗȖ ȔțȘȈȊȍȑȕȐȒț ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȚȤ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ ǶȕȐ ȕȍ ȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȧȚșȧ șȖ șȗȧȡȐȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍȔȐȓȖșȍȘȌȕȖ Ȋȣ-
ȚȈșȒȐȊȈȦȚ ȓȍȕȐȊȣȝ șȖȕȤ ȕȈ șȈȔȣȑ ȊȍȘȝ ȔțȘȈȊȍȑȕȐȒȈ ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȥȚȖȔț ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ ȏȈ șȊȖȦ ȘȈȉȖ-
Țț ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȣ ȉȍȘțȚ ȓȐȟȐȕȒȐ Ȑ ȒȖȒȖȕȟȐȒȐ Ȑ ȊȣȕȖșȧȚ Ȑȝ

48
ȕȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ DzȖȋȌȈ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȍ ȓțȟȐ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȚ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȗȈȓȐȚȤ ȖȕȐ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȖȉȐ-
ȘȈȦȚ Ȑȝ Ȑ țȕȖșȧȚ Ȋ ȚȍȕȐșȚȣȍ ȒȈȔȖȘȒȐ ȔțȘȈȊȍȑȕȐȒȈ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȐȌȍȚ ȒȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȍ Ȍȍ-
ȓȖ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ șȓȖȎȕȖȍ Ȑ ȝȓȖȗȖȚȓȐȊȖȍ ǴȈȓȦȚȒȐ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȦȚ șȊȖȐ ȘȖȚȐȒȐ
ȏȈ ȗȐȡȍȑ ȒȖȘȔȐȓȐȞȣ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȚ Ȓ ȕȐȔ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȞȍȓțȦȚ Ȑȝ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ Ȏȍ Ȍȍ-
ȓȍ ȖȕȐ ȊȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȦȚ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȘȖȚȐȒȐ ȓȐȗȒțȦ ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȐ ȊȕțȚ-
ȘȐ șȍȉȧ ǭșȓȐ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȓȐȟȐȕȒȈ ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȘȖȚȐȒ ȕȧȕȤȒȈ ȕȈșȐȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȊșȖȊȣȊȈȍȚ ȚțȌȈ ȗȐȡț Ǫ ȐȕȖȔ ȔțȘȈȊȍȑȕȐȒȍ ȊȣȓțȗȓȧȍȚșȧ ȏȈ
ȓȍȚȖ - Țȣșȧȟ ȓȐȟȐȕȖȒ ǴȖȎȕȖ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȚȘțȌȐȚȤ-
șȧ ȉȍȌȕȣȔ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȈȔ Ǩ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȒȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑȝ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȖșȚȐ ȕȍ ȖȋȘȈ-
ȕȐȟȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ǶȕȐ ȍȡȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ țȔȣȚȤ ȓȐȟȐȕȖȒ Ȑ ȖȟȐșȚȐȚȤ ȔțȘȈȊȍȑȕȐȒ ȖȚ Ȑȝ
ȐșȗȘȈȎȕȍȕȐȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȕȐȝ ȉȣȓ ȟȐșȚ Ȑ șȊȍȎ ǺȈȒ ȒȈȒ ț ȕȐȝ ȕȍȚ ȕȐ
ȘțȒ Ȑ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȖȘțȌȐȑ Ȍȓȧ ȥȚȖȑ ȞȍȓȐ ȚȖ ȊșȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȖȕȐ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȚȤ ȗȖ-
șȘȍȌșȚȊȖȔ șȊȖȐȝ ȘȖȚȐȒȖȊ
DzȖ ȊșȍȔț ȥȚȖȔț ȕȈȌȖ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȚȤ ȗȖȝȖȌȣ Ȋ ȔțȘȈȊȍȑȕȐȒȐ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȍȑ ȏȈ ȒȖ-
ȒȖȕȈȔȐ ȏȈȡȐȚț șȊȖȍȋȖ ȋȕȍȏȌȈ Ȋ șȓțȟȈȍ ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȧ șȖșȍȌȍȑ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȊșȓȍȌ-
șȚȊȐȍ ȗȖȘȟȐ ȋȕȍȏȌȈ ȗȚȐȞȍȑ ȐȓȐ ȏȊȍȘȍȔ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ șȚțȗȐȊȠȐȔ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ — ȗȖ-
ȕȧȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȍȌȕȣȔ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȞȈȔ ȕȍȚ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȑ ȔȐȕțȚȣ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈșȚȈȕȍȚ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȣȓțȗȓȐȊȈȕȐȧ ȔțȘȈȊȤȍȊ Ȑȏ ȒȖȒȖȕȖȊ Ȋ Ȕț-
ȘȈȊȍȑȕȐȒȈȝ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȊȖȏȕȧ Ȑ șțȍȚȈ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȚȤ ȊȖȕ ȉȍȋȐ DzȈȎȌțȦ ȔȐ-
ȕțȚț ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȕȈ șȊȍȚ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȐȕ ǴțȘȈȊȤȐ Ȋ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȍ ǶȕȐ ȉȍȋȈȦȚ
ȚȖȓȒȈȦȚ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȘȖȎȒȈȔȐ ȌȍȓȧȚșȧ ȕȖȊȖșȚȧȔȐ Ȑ șȚȖȧ ȕȈȌ ȒȖȒȖȕȖȔ
ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ șȚȈȘȈȦȚșȧ țȋȈȌȈȚȤ ȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȕȍȋȖ ȊȣȓțȗȐȚșȧ șȈȔȍȞ șȈȔȖȟȒȈ ȐȓȐ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȕȐȒ
Dz ȒȈȎȌȖȔț ȒȖȒȖȕȟȐȒț ȗȘȐȞȍȗȓȧȦȚșȧ ȚȘȐ-ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȔțȘȈȊȤȧ-ȕȧȕȐ Ȑ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȘȈȏȘȣȊȈȦȚ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȐșȚțȦ ȚȒȈȕȤ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȔțȘȈȊȤȧ
ȔȖȓȖȌȖȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȍ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȍșșȐȓȤȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȍȏ ȟțȎȖȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȗș-
ȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȤșȧ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȑ ȔȧȋȒȖȑ șȒȖȘȓțȗȒȐ
ǪȣȕțȊ Ȑȏ ȒȖȒȖȕȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȖȉȔȖ-
ȚȈȕ ȗȍȓȍȕȒȈȔȐ ȕȧȕȐ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȉȍȘȍȎȕȖ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȈȦȚ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȟȓȍȕ ȕȖȊȖȘȖȎȌȍȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȥȚȖ șȈȔȟȐȒ ȐȓȐ șȈȔȖȟȒȈ ȘȈșȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȚ Ȑȝ ȒȘȣȓȣȠ-
ȒȐ Ȑ ȒȖȘȔȧȚ Ȑȝ șȓȈșȚȧȔȐ
ǪȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȔțȘȈȊȤȐ ȍȡȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȋȓțȗȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦȚ ȒȈȒ ȌȊȐȕț-
ȚȤșȧ ș ȔȍșȚȈ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȕȖȎȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȒȘȣȓȣȠȒȈȔȐ ǵȧȕȐ ȕȍ ȖȚșȚțȗȈȦȚ
ȖȚ ȕȐȝ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȠȈȋ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȐȔ ȊȍșȤ ȔțȘȈȊȍȑ-
ȕȐȒ Ȋșȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȒȐ Ȑ ȋȈȓȍȘȍȐ ȊȖȌȧȚ Ȑȝ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔ ȥȚȈȎȈȔ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȔțȘȈȊȍȑȟȐȒ ȖȒȘȍȗȕȍȚ Ȑ ȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚșȧ ș șȊȖȐȔ ȋȕȍȏȌȖȔ ȍȋȖ ȊȣȊȖȌȧȚ
ȕȈ șȊȍȚ ǩȖȎȐȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȍȔț ȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȚȘȈȊȒȐ Ȑ șȒȖȚ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȚȘȈȊȧȕȣȝ ȊȠȍȑ
ȌȈȦȡȐȝ șȓȈȌȒȖȍ ȔȖȓȖȟȒȖ țȟȈȚ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȐȚȤ ȥȚȐȝ ȒȖȘȖȊȖȒ ȚȈșȒȈȚȤ ȡȍȗȖȟȒȐ Ȑ Ț ȗ
ǭșȓȐ ȔțȘȈȊȍȑȟȐȒ ȕȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒ Ȉ șȈȔȍȞ ȐȓȐ șȈȔȒȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ țȟȈȚ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ǯȈ ȕȐȔ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȝȈȎȐȊȈȦȚ ȒȖȘȔȧȚ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȡȐȡȈȦȚ ȖȚ ȕȈȗȈȌȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȊȍȌțȚ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȝțȠȒț
ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ ȋȌȍ ȖȕȐ ȔȖȋțȚ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ șȐȓț șȊȖȐȝ ȒȘȣȓȣȠȍȒ DzȘȣȓȈȚȣȍ ȔțȘȈȊȤȐ
ȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ șȊȍȚ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȐȔ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȔ ȖȕȐ șȔȍȓȖ
ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȐȘȈȦȚ șȊȖȐ ȒȘȣȓȣȠȒȐ Ȑ ȊȏȓȍȚȈȦȚ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ǰȔ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȖȕȐ ȒȘțȎȈȚ-
șȧ Ȋ ȉȍȠȍȕȖȑ ȗȓȧșȒȍ ȐȋȘȈȦȚ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȦȚșȧ Ȋșȍ ȊȣȠȍ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍ ǵȖ șȟȈșȚȤȍ Ȑȝ ȕȍ-
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ǹȒȖȘȖ ȉȍȌȕȣȍ șȈȔȞȣ țȚȖȔȓȧȦȚșȧ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȓȍȚȈȕȐȧ Ȑ, Ȗȉȍș-

șȐȓȍȕȕȣȍ, ȗȈȌȈȦȚ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȋȌȍ ȐȓȐ țȔȐȘȈȦȚ, ȐȓȐ șȚȈȕȖȊȧȚșȧ ȌȖȉȣȟȍȑ ȗȚȐȞ
Ȉ șȈȔȖȟȒȐ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȚ ȒȓȈșȚȤ ȧȐȟȒȐ — ȐȕȖȋȌȈ Ȋ șȊȖȍ șȚȈȘȖȍ ȋȕȍȏȌȖ Ȉ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ Ȋ
ȕȖȊȖȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȖȕȐ șȈȔȐ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȦȚ Ȑ ȋȌȍ ț ȕȐȝ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȚ ȔțȘȈȊȤȍȊ-ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒȖȊ
Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ șȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȕȐ
ȌȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȖȉȘȣȊȈȦȚ șȍȉȍ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȕțȎȕțȦ ȊȍȡȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍȠȈȦȡțȦ
ȐȔ ȗȘȐ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȐȝ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȧȝ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȐȐ ȌȍȚȍȑ

50
DZșȎȐȎ VIII
ȅȁDzdzǿǻȉdz ǽǾdzǰǾǮȇdzǻǶȍ. ȃǶȇǻȉdz Ǽǿȉ.
ȇ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȍȡȍ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȗȐșȈȚȤ Ȗ ȕȘȈȊȈȝ Ȑ ȖȉȣȟȈȧȝ ȔțȘȈȊȤȍȊ ȕȖ, ȊȍȘȕȣȑ șȊȖȍ-
Ȕț ȖȉȍȡȈȕȐȦ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȓȦ Ȗ ȕȐȝ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ DzȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȘȐ ȓȐȟȕȖȔ
șȊȐȌȈȕȐȐ ȍșȓȐ ț Țȍȉȧ ȧȊȐȚșȧ ȖȝȖȚȈ șȓțȠȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȧ ȉțȌț Țȍȉȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ Ȗ
ȕȐȝ ș ȘȈȕȕȍȋȖ țȚȘȈ ȌȖ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȑ ȕȖȟȐ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȏȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȦșȤ Ȓ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȦ șȊȖȐȝ
ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȕȈȟȕț ș ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȐșȒȈȓ ȗȘȐȦȚȈ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȊ-
ȠțȦșȧ ȕȖȟȤ ǪșȍȋȖ țȌȖȉȕȍȍ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ țșȚȘȖȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕ-
ȕȖȔ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ ȗțȚȍȔ ȌȈȚȤ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȓȖȘȌț ǷțȞȒȐȕșț Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȍȕȐȐ
Ǭȓȧ ȥȚȖȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȞȍȓȐ ȧ ȏȈȗȈșșȧ ȓȍȋȒȐȔȐ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȣȔȐ ȜȓȈȋȈȔȐ ș ȉȍȓȣ-
ȔȐ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȔȐ ȕȈȘȐșȖȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ șȊȍȚȧȡȍȑșȧ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȒȘȈșȒȖȦ ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȧ ȕȈȠȍȓ
șȍȉȍ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡȍȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȝȖȓȔȐȒ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȑ șȒțȌȕȖȑ ȘȈșȚȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤȦ ǭȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȍȔ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȍȘȖȕȐȒȈ ȐȓȐ ȚȈȒ
ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȈȧ ȌțȉȘȖȊȒȈ. ǽȖȓȔȐȒ ȜțȚȖȊ ȕȈ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȓșȧ ȕȈȌ ȗȖȓȧȕȖȑ Ǭȓȧ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȥȚȐ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȜțȚȖȊ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȟȚȖ  Ȑ ȧ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȓțȟȈșȈ ȒȈȘȈȉȒȈȓ-
șȧ ȗȖ ȘȣȝȓȖȔț șȒȈȚț ǪȏȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ȧ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȠȐȕț ȉȍȏ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ țȚȖȔȓȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȚȘțȌȕȖșȚȧȔ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȕȕȍ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȗȘȍ-
ȖȌȖȓȍȊȈȚȤ ȧ șȚȈȓ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȘȍȗȟȍ Ȓ ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐȑșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ
ȟțȌȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ ȕȈ ȌȖȓȐȕț ȕȍ ȌȈȓ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȗȖȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȗ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȓȐȉȖ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȐ ǵȈȋȓȧ-
ȌȍȊȠȐșȤ ȊȌȖȊȖȓȤ ȧ ȊȖȚȒȕțȓ ȜȓȈȋ Ȋ ȓȐșȚ ȊȍȘȖȕȐȒȐ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȖȚȣșȒȈȓ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȐȦȚ
ȕȈ ȕȖȟȤ Ȋ ȗțșȚȖȑ ȘȈȒȖȊȐȕȒȍ țȓȐȚȒȐ Ȑ ȖȉȍȏȖȗȈșȐȊ ȍȍ ȊșȧȟȍșȒȐ ȖȚ ȘȖșȣ ȖȚȌȈȓ-
șȧ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧȔ ǷȘȍȌȔȍȚȖȔ ȔȖȐȝ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȑ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȍȘȖȕȐȒȈ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȊȠȈȧ șȖȉȖȦ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȗȈșȚȉȐȡȍ ȇ ȕȍ Ƞțȟț — ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȈșȚȉȐȡȍ
ǹțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȗȈșȠȐȍșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȐ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖȕȖȋȐȔȐ ȕȐ ȘȖȋȈȚȣȔȐ ȕȖ Ȉȗȗȍ-
ȚȐȚȖȔ șȊȖȐȔ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȑ Țȍȝ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ
ȅȚȐ ȖȉȎȖȘȓȐȊȣȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȒȈȏȈȊȠȐȍșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȌȓȐȕȖȑ ȟțȚȤ ȓȐ ȕȍ Ȋ ȌȍșȧȚȤ Ȝț-
ȚȖȊ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȐȕȖȍ ȒȈȒ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ș ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ȒȘȈȗȐȕȒȈȔȐ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȣ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȐ-
ȠȈȠȍȟȕȐȞȣ
ȇ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȓȖȊȐȓ ȥȚȐȝ ȔȖȚȣȓȤȒȖȊ ȍȡȍ ȉțȌțȟȐ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒȖȔ Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș țȏȕȈȓ Ȑȝ
ȋțșȍȕȐȞ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȓȐȉȖ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȍ ȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȚȟȈș
ȘȈșșȍȧȓȖ ȉȣ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȖȕȐ ȗȈșȓȐșȤ ǰȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȣ ȠȈ-
ȠȍȟȕȐȞȣ ȓȦȉȧȚ ȓȐȠȤ ȓȐșȚȤȧ ȊȍȘȖȕȐȒȐ, ȗȖȌȖȘȖȎȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȐȊȈȕ-ȌȈ-ȔȈȘȤȐ ȇ ș
ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓ ȥȚȐȝ ȖȉȎȖȘ ǶȕȐ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ șȖȏȌȈȕȣ
ȉȣȓȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȍșȚȤ ȍșȚȤ Ȑ ȍșȚȤ ȉȍȏ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȀȐȘȖȒȐȍ Ȑȝ ȟȍȓȦșȚȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ ȉȍȏ
ȗȍȘȍȘȣȊȈ Ȑ ȓȐșȚȤȧ țȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȘȚȣ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȉȍȏȌȖȕȕȣȍ ȧȔȣ ǺȘțȌȕȖ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȖȉȎȖȘȓȐȊȣȝ șțȡȍșȚȊ Ȑ ȕȍȚ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȋȖȘȤȒȐȝ ȒȐșȓȣȝ ȧȌȖ-
ȊȐȚȣȝ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȉȣ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȉȘȍȏȋȖȊȈȓȐ ǪȣșȟȐȚȈȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȈ Ȋ
șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȔȍșȧȞȈ șȍșȚȤ Ȋ  ȘȈȏ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȚȖȋȖ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȖȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȖȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȖ ȊȍșȐȓȈ ȇ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȚȤ ȋȓȈȏ ȖȚ ȥȚȐȝ ȎȍȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ
ȔȈȠȐȕ Ǵȕȍ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓȈșȤ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ Ȑȏ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȣ ȓȍȋȒȈȧ ȋȘȈ-

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ȞȐȖȏȕȈȧ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȈ ȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊțȦȡȈȧșȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȔȐ ȒȈȗȍȓȤȒȈȔȐ ȞȊȍȚȖȟȕȖȋȖ șȖ-
ȒȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȦȡȈȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȋȘțȉȖȑ ȗȐȡȍȑ ȖȕȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȗȐȚȈȓȈșȤ
ǩȍȌȕȈȧ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȈ ȖȕȈ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȖșȒȖȘȉȐȓȈșȤ ȉȣ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȕȈȔȍȒȖȔ ȕȈ șȊȖȐ ȗȘȍȎ-
ȕȐȍ ȋȘțȉȣȍ ȊȒțșȣ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȕȈȔȍȒȖȔ ȕȈ ȘȖȌșȚȊȖ șȊȖȍ ș ȕȍȐȏȧȡȕȖȑ ȋțșȍȕȐ-
Ȟȍȑ Ǩ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȈ — ȥȚȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȈ Ȉ ȉȈȉȖȟ-
ȒȈ — șȚȈȘȈȧ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȈ ǰȏ șȊȖȐȝ ȠȍșȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȕȍȒȘȈșȐȊȣȝ ȕȖȎȍȒ ȕȍțȒȓȦȎȈȧ
ȋțșȍȕȐȞȈ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȚȍȘȧȍȚ ȌȍșȧȚȤ Ȉ ȖșȚȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȚ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȍ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȍ
ȜȖȘȔȣ ǿȍȓȦșȚȐ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȧȚ Ȋ ȐȏȧȡȕțȦ ȚȘțȉȖȟȒț șȊȍȘȕțȚțȦ, ȒȈȒ ȟȈșȖȊȈȧ ȗȘț-
ȎȐȕȈ Ȑ șȓțȎȈȡțȦ Ȍȓȧ ȊȣșȈșȣȊȈȕȐȧ șȖȒȈ Ȑȏ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ Ȉ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȎȍȓțȌȖȒ ȏȈ-
ȗȖȓȕȧȦȡȐȑ șȖȉȖȦ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊșȦ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȣ ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔ ȍȌ-
ȊȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȔ ȖȘȋȈȕȖȔ Ȋ ȈȘȐșȚȖȒȘȈȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȍ ǰȏ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȔțșȒțȓȖȊ ȕȍ
ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ — Ȑȝ ȏȈȔȍȕȧȦȚ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȌȘțȋȐȍ Ȑ ȐȕȈȟȍ șȋȘțȗȗȐȘȖȊȈȕ-
ȕȣȍ ǷȖȘȈȎȈȦȡȍȍ ȕȈș ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȣ Ȋ ȉȈȉȖȟȒț șȖȊȍȘȠȈȍȚșȧ ȌȖȊȖȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ǫțșȍȕȐȞȈ ȘȈșȚȍȚ ȘȈșȚȍȚ Ȑ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȌȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ șȉȘȈșȣȊȈȍȚ ș șȍ-
ȉȧ ȊȍȘȝȕȦȦ ȒȖȎȐȞț ȌȖ șȈȔȣȝ ȟȍȓȦșȚȍȑ ǬȖȑȌȧ ȌȖ ȊȣșȠȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȈ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȘȖș-
ȚȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ șȓȈȉȍȚȤ ȝȊȖȘȈȚȤ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȈșȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȒȈȒȖȔț-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȦ
ȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋȖȔț ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚț ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȣ ȖȉȔȈȚȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȐșȚȖȑ ȖȉȖȓȖȟ-
ȒȖȑ
 ǯȈȚȍȔ ȖȕȈ Ȋșȧ șȖȒȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ șșȣȝȈȍȚșȧ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȓȖȗȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ
ȗȖȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȕȈ șȊȍȚ ǩȖȎȐȑ Ȋ ȖȉȘȈȏȍ ȗțȏȈȚȖȋȖ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȤȞȈ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍ-
ȔȖȋȖ ȒțȒȖȓȒȖȑ DzțȒȖȓȒȈ ȓȐȠȍȕȈ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȔȧȋȒȐȝ ȟȓȍȕȖȊ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȘȚȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȕț-
ȎȌȈȍȚșȧ ȕȐ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȗȐȡȍ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ ȍȋȐȗȍȚșȒțȦ ȔțȔȐȦ ȕȍ-

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ȎȍȓȐ ȕȖȊȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ
ǯȌȍșȤ-ȚȖ, Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȒȖȒȖȕȍ șȚȣȌȓȐȊȈȧ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȈ ȕȈȌȍȊȈȍȚ șȊȖȑ ȗȣȠȕȣȑ ȕȈȘȧȌ
ǵȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȊȈȧ ȎȐȚȤ ȖȕȈ ȘȈșȗȓȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȋțșȚțȦ ȔȖȓȖȟȕȖ-ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕțȦ ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȤ
Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȉȘȈȏțȦȚșȧ Ȑ ȚȊȍȘȌȍȦȚ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȜȖȘȔȣ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȑ ȉȈȉȖȟ-
ȒȐ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȞȣȗȓȍȕȖȒ Ȑȏ ȧȑȞȈ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȍ țȚȘȖ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȈ ȖȒȖȕ-
ȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈȊȠȈȧșȧ Ȋ ȒțȒȖȓȒȍ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏ-
ȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȐȑ ȍȍ ȗȖȒȘȖȊ Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȗȖȓȏȈȍȚ ȕȈȘțȎț
ǷȍȘȊȣȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȈ ȍȡȍ șȓȈȉȈ Ȑ ȕȍ țȊȍȘȍȕȈ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧȝ ǵȖ
șȒȖȘȖ ȊȖȏȌțȝ șȊȍȚ ȚȍȗȓȖ ȗȘȐȌȈȦȚ țȗȘțȋȖșȚȤ ȍȍ ȟȓȍȕȈȔ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȉȓȍșȒȍ
ȒȘȈșȖȒ Ȑ ȜȖȘȔ țȓȍȚȈȍȚ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȕȖȊțȦ șȚȐȝȐȦ — Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝ
ǮȐȏȕȤ ȉȈȉȖȟȍȒ ȕȍȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȈ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȐȌȣ ȎȐȊțȚ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȖȌȕȐȝ
șțȚȖȒ ǹȕȍșȧ ȧȐȟȒȐ Ȑ ȖȉȍșȗȍȟȐȊ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȍȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ
șȊȖȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȖȕȐ țȔȐȘȈȦȚ
ǹȚȖȓȤ Ȏȍ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȑ ȒȖȔȈȘ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȋ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț ȟȍȘȚȐȚ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȒȘțȋȐ ȕȈȌ ȔȖȍȑ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȧȍȚ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ Ȋ ȒȈȒțȦ ȟȈșȚȤ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ ȊȖȕȏȐȚȤ ȍȔț șȊȖȍ ȒȖ-
ȗȤȍǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȖȊ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȧ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓ Ȗ ȊȒțșȍ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȎȐȓ
Ȋ șȚȖȧȟȍȑ ȓțȎȍ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȔ ȟȍȘȊȧȟȒȖȔ șȒȖȘȍȑ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ ȘȣȉȒț ȟȍȔ ȕȈ ȕȈ-
șȍȒȖȔȖȍ Ȑ ȠȔȣȋȈȓ șȘȍȌȐ șȊȖȐȝ șȖȉȘȈȚȤȍȊ ȘȈȏȣșȒȐȊȈȧ ȔȐȒȘȖșȒȖȗȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȎȐ-
ȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȕȈ șȋȕȐȊȠȐȝ ȊȍȚȒȈȝ Ȑ ȓȐșȚȤȧȝ ǪȍȌȧ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȖȉȘȈȏ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ șȉȘȈ-
șȣȊȈȍȚ ș șȍȉȧ ȒȖȎȐȞț Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ Ȉ ȚȖ Ȑ ȋȖȌȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ șȔȖȚȘȧ
ȗȖ ȗȖȘȖȌȍ
 ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȒțȒȖȓȒț ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȚȍȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȐȏȋȐȉȈȍȚșȧ ȚȈȒȐȔ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȏȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ș ȕȐȎȕȍȑ ȟȈșȚȤȦ ȎȐȊȖȚȈ ǹȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȌȊȐ-
ȋȈȚȤșȧ Ȗȕ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȕȍ țȚȘȈȟȐȊȈȍȚ Ȑ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ȘȈșșȍȒȈȍȚ
ȊȖȌț ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȉȣșȚȘȣȔȐ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȍȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȍȔț șțȎȌȍȕȖ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚȤșȧ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȏȓȖȊȖȕȕȖȑ ȓțȎȍȑ Ƕȕ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ țȎȍ șȖ-
ȎȘȈȓ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ȊȍȒț ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȒȘȖȝȖȚȕȣȝ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȑ Ȑ ș ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚȊȖȔ ȎȌȍȚ ȕȈȋ-
ȘȈȌȣ ǷȖȓțȟȐȊ ȖȚ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ ȏȊȈȕȐȍ ȒȖȔȈȘȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȖ ȖȉȓȈȟȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȖȊȣȑ
ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȑ ȔțȕȌȐȘ Ȑ ȊȣȗȓȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȊȖȌȣ ȋȌȍ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊțȍȚ
Ȑ ȖȉșțȠȐȊȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ ǯȌȍșȤ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȍȚ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȋȍȘȖȧ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ
DzȖȎȐȞȈ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȓȖȗȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȒȖȔȈȘ ȔȈȓȖ-ȗȖȔȈȓț ȊȣȓȍȏȈȍȚ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȑ
șȒȖȘȓțȗȒȐ ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȗȕ ȍȡȍ șȐȌȐȚ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȏȈȌȕȍȦ ȟȈșȚȤȦ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ Ȑ
șȒȖȓȤȏȧ ȗȖ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȖȉșȣȝȈȍȚ ȅȚȖ șȈȔȣȍ ȖȗȈșȕȣȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȍȋȖ
ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȒȖȔȈȘȖȊ ȋȐȉȕțȚ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȍȌȊȈ țȊȐȌȧ șȊȍȚ Ȑ șȖȓȕ-
Ȟȍ ȍȌȊȈ țșȗȍȊ ȕȈșȓȈȌȐȚȤșȧ ȚȍȗȓȣȔ ȊȖȏȌțȝȖȔ ǻȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȊȍȡȤ ǴȐȕțȚț ȚȖ-
Ȕț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȊȣȑȌȧ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ Ȗȕ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȋȐȉ ȉȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȏȍ ȘȖȌȕȈȧ șȚȐȝȐȧ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ Ǭȓȧ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȈȘȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ
șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȤșȧ ȖȚ șȊȖȍȑ șȒȖȘȓțȗȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȍ Ȍț-
ȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȚȤ Ȑ țȚȖȗȐȚȤ
ǵȍ Ȋșȍ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȍ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȎȍȕȣ ȚȈȒȐȔ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȍ-
ȕȐȧȔ ȝȖȚȧ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȎȍȕȖ ȐȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖ
ǬȈȎȍ ȔțȝȈ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȗȖȦȡȈȧ șȊȖȦ ȔȖȕȖȚȖȕȕțȦ ȗȍșȕȦ Ȑ ȚȈ ȕȍ ȐȏȉȍȋȈȍȚ șȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȒȈȗȘȐȏȖȊ șțȌȤȉȣ
ǸȖȌȐȊȠȐșȤ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȋ ȋȕȐȓȐ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔ ȉȍȓȣȔ ȟȍȘȊȧȟȒȖȔ ȖȕȈ ș Țȍȟȍ-

54
ȕȐȍȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ șȖȒȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ șȖȝȕȍȚ ȖȌȕȐȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ ȖȒțȒȓȧȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȓȍȎȐȚ Ȋ ȋȘȧ-
ȏȐ ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȚșȧ Ȋ șȚȘȖȑȕȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȖȌȈȘȍȕȕȖȍ ȓȖȊȒȖșȚȤȦ
Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȐȔȐ ȒȘȣȓȣȠȒȈȔȐ țȕȖșȧȡȐȔȐ ȍȍ Ȋ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȟțȌȕȣȑ ȔȐȘ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ
Ȑ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ șȓȈȌȒȐȝ ȉȓȦȌ
ǵț ȕȍ ȟțȌȍșȕȣȍ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ? ȇ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȌțȔȈȓ ȕȈȌ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȐ-
ȝȖȚȧȔȐ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ-ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ țșȕțȓ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ țȦȚȕȖȑ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤȒȍ
ǷȘȖșȕțȓșȧ ȧ ȓȐȠȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ Țȍȗȓȣȍ ȓțȟȐ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȊȠȍȋȖșȧ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ
ȖȚȖȋȘȍȊȈȚȤ ȔȖȍ șȒȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ ȕȖȟȕȣȔ ȝȖȓȖȌȖȔ ȚȍȓȖ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊșȒȖȟȐȊ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ
Ȋȣȓȍȏ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȑ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ șȗȈȓȤȕȐ
ǭȌȊȈ ȓȐȠȤ ȧ șȉȍȎȈȓ ș ȝȖȓȔȐȒȈ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȊȕȐȏț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȍȘȍȊȍșȚȐ Ȍțȝ
ȒȈȒ ȕȈȌ ȔȖȍȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ș ȖȋȓțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȠțȔȖȔ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȍȓȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȍ Ȑ
Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȠȈȋȈȝ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȚȖȟȕȖ Ȑȏ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȊȣȘȖșȠțȦ ȌȖȘȖȎȕțȦ Ȗșț.

55
ȅȚȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ șȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȍ ȓȖȊȒȖȍ Ȑ ȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖȍ
ǶȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȍ ȉȓȍșȚȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȖȚȗȖȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȔȍȚȈȓȓ Ȑ ȗȖ
ȚȊȍȘȌȖșȚȐ ȊȘȧȌ ȓȐ țșȚțȗȈȓȐ șȚȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȗȈȕȞȐȘȧȔ ǷțȓȐ Ȑȏ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȈ
ȖȚșȒȖȟȐȓȐ ȓȐ ȉȣ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȖȚ ȠȒțȘȣ ȕȖșȖȘȖȋȈ Ȑ, ȝȖȚȧ ȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȘȖȉȒȖȋȖ Ȍȍ-
șȧȚȒȈ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ șȖȏȕȈȦșȤ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖȍ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȉȖȑȕȐȒȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȔț-
ȚȐȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȗȖșȒȖȘȍȍ țȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȕȖ ȖșȈ ȗȘȍ-
ȌțȗȘȍȌȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȒ ȊȐȝȘȤ șȖȘȊȈȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ ș ȔȍșȚȈ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȊ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȉȣșȚȘȣȝ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȓȕȐȧ ȏȐȋȏȈȋȖȊ, ȗȘȐșȍȓȈ ȠȈȋȈȝ Ȋ ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȧ țșȗȍȓ ȖȗȖȔȕȐȚȤșȧ ȖȕȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȘȈȏȘȣȊȈȚȤ ȗȍșȖȒ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌȕȐȔȐ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ș ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ȖȚȉȘȈșȣȊȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȖȚ șȍȉȧ ȕȈ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȍ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ Ǫ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȖȕȈ țșȗȍȓȈ ȊȣȘȣȚȤ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕțȦ
ȧȔț ǵȈȚȒȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȐȍ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ șțȟȒȈ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȐȊȠȍȋȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȘȈȏ Ȋ
ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȖȕȈ ȖȌȕȐȔ șȐȓȤȕȣȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȖȚȕȍșȓȈ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț
ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȉȖȧȏȕȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȚȖȚ ȕȍ ȗȖȗȈȓ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȋ ȧȔț
ǵȍ țșȗȍȓ ȧ ȍȡȍ ȕȈȋȓȧȌȍȚȤșȧ ȊȌȖȊȖȓȤ ȕȈ ȓȖȊȒțȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț Ȗșȣ ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ țș-
ȓȣȠȈȓ ȏȈ șȊȖȍȑ șȗȐȕȖȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȖȍ ȎțȎȎȈȕȐȍ ȔțȝȐ ȇ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȏȈș-
ȚȣȓȈ Ȋ ȔȖȐȝ ȎȐȓȈȝ Ǫ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȠȈȋȈȝ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȖȋȖ
ȗȍșȚȘȖȋȖ ȗȈțȒȈ șȈȔȖȋȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȈțȒȖȊ ȐȉȖ ȗȖȔȐȔȖ ȝȐȚȘȖșȚȐ ȊȘȖȎ-
ȌȍȕȕȖȑ ȊșȍȔ ȊȖșȤȔȐȕȖȋȐȔ Ȗȕ șȔȍȓ ȌȖ ȕȈȋȓȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖ ȕȈȗȈȌȈȍȚ ȕȈ
ȌȖȉȣȟț ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ Ȗȕ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȖȒȖȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȏȈȗȘȧȚȈȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȘȈ-
Ȋȍ ȗȖȌșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ ȕȐȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȊȈȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȧ ǵȖ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȗȕ ȏȈ-
ȔȍȚȐȓ Ȕțȝț Ȑ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȖȒȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ǶȌȕȖ ȍȍ ȒȘȣȓȣȠȒȖ țȎȍ
ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȐȝ ȓȈȗȈȝ ȗȈțȒȈ Ȑ ȉȍȌȕȧȎȒȈ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ ȉȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȈȓȈ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ
ȊȣȘȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑȏ ȒȖșȔȈȚȣȝ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȝ ȓȈȗ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȖȉȍșșȐȓȍȓȈ ȗȖȌ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
ȌȖȔ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȝ ȋȓȈȏ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ǵȖ Ȋ ȚȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȈțȒ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȊȈȓ-
șȧ ȕȈȕȍșȚȐ ȍȑ țȌȈȘ ȗȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȗȖȌȖșȗȍȓȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȈȧ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ
ǷȈțȒ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓ Ȑ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍȓ ǭȋȖ ȎȐȓȐșȚȣȍ ȕȖȋȐ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓȐșȤ
ȏȈȚȍȔ șȒȖȘȟȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ șȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȒȓțȉȖȒ Ȗȕ ȒȈȒ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȑ șȒȈȚȐȓșȧ ș ȒȖșȖȋȖ-
ȘȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȈ Ȋșȧ ȥȚȈ șȞȍȕȈ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț Ȑ ȧ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑȏ
ȊȐȌț
ǷȖȔȧȚȈȧ ȖȉȍșșȐȓȍȊȠȈȧ ȔțȝȈ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȊ șȍȉȧ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȑ ȘȖȉȒȖ ȏȈȠȍȊȍȓȐ-
ȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȈșȤ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȚȤ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ șȊȖȑ ȐșȚȍȘȏȈȕȕȣȑ ȚțȈȓȍȚ
ǿȚȖ ȊȌȘțȋ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ" ǫȐȉȍȓȤ ȔțȝȐ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȖȑ ǿȍȔ Ȏȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ
ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖȍ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȌțȠȐȍ ȗȈțȒȈ" ǶșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȘȍȠȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕțȦ Ȍȓȧ ȔțȝȐ ȔȐȕțȚț Ȗȕ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȋȘȖȏȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȈȋȈ ǵȖ ȚțȚ
ȖȗȧȚȤ ȘȈȏȌȈȓȖșȤ ȖȋȓțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȎțȎȎȈȕȐȍ Ȗșȣ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ Țț șȚȖȘȖ-
ȕț ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ ș ȧȘȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȖȎȍșȚȖȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȖȏȐȓȈșȤ ș ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȎȐȊȣȔ
ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȖȔ șȚȈȘȈȊȠȐȔșȧ ȊȣȘȊȈȚȤșȧ ȇ ȗȘȐșȔȖȚȘȍȓșȧ ȉȓȐȎȍ ǷȍȘȍȌȕȐȍ ȓȈȗȣ
ȒȘȣȓȈȚȖȋȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȈȕȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȍ ȒȓȍȡȐ șȎȐȔȈȓȐ ȚȖȋȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȗȈțȒȈ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ ȏȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓ Ȕțȝț Ȑ ȗȘȐȚȊȖȘȐȓșȧ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȔ Ȋ ȕȈȌȍȎ-
Ȍȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȊȐȌȍ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ Ȗșȣ ǽȐȚȘȣȑ ȗȈțȒ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ
ȘȈȏ ȖȠȐȉșȧ Ȑ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ ȘȊȈȓșȧ Ȗȕ Ȑȏ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȑ Ȗșȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖȔȐȕțȚȕȖ ȊȖȕȏȈȓȈ
Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȖ șȊȖȍ ȎȈȓȖ ǵȖ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȘȈȕȣ ȉȍȓȈȧ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȕȍ
ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȑȏ ȚȍȓȈ ȗȈțȒȈ Ȗȕ ȓȐȠȤ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȓȈȉȍȓ Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ
șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȌȈȓ Ȗșȍ ȊȗȐȝȕțȚȤ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȊȣȘȣȚțȦ ȧȔȒț ȇȔȒȈ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖ-ȊȐ-

56
ȌȐȔȖȔț ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȈ ȖșȈ șȕȖȊȈ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓȈ Ȑȏ ȕȍȍ șȊȖȦ ȎȍȘȚȊț ȒȖȘ-
ȟȐȊȠțȦșȧ Ȋ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȣȝ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧȝ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȍȠȍȒ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȖȕȈ țȊȍȓȐ-
ȟȐȓȈ ȧȔȒț Ȑ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȚȈ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖȑ țȓȖȎȐȓȈ Ȋ ȕȍȍ ȗȈțȒȈ
ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ" Ǭȓȧ ȟȍȋȖ ȗȖȕȈȌȖȉȐȓȐșȤ Ȗșȍ ȥȚȐ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȣ" Ǫ ȔȐȘȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖ-
Ȕȣȝ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ ȉȍșȞȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȌȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖșȚȐ ǰ ȏȌȍșȤ ȖșȈ ȐȔȍȓȈ

57
ȞȍȓȤ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȈȎȕțȦ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ — ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȧȓȈ ȔȍșȚȖ ȒțȌȈ
ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ șȊȖȍ ȧȐȟȒȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȧȓȈ ȒȖȘȔ Ȍȓȧ ȓȐȟȐȕȖȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȣȓțȗȧȚșȧ
Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ ȧȐȟȍȒ ǯȈȗȘȧȚȈȊ ȗȈțȒȈ ȎȐȊȣȔ Ȋ ȔȖȋȐȓț ȖȕȈ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȧȐȟȒȖ
ȏȈȒȖȗȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȖȚȖȠȓȈ.
ǶȋȓȧȕțȊȠȐșȤ ș ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȌȍȓȖ ȓȈȗ șȊȖȐȝ ȖȕȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȍȘ-
ȕțȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȔȍșȚȖ ȗȈȘȖȟȒț șțȝȐȝ ȓȐșȚȖȟȒȖȊ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȔȖȋȐȓț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȚȈȚȤ ȒȖȓȣȉȍȓȤȦ ȍȍ ȌȍȚȍȕȣȠȈ
ǻșȗȖȒȖȐȊȠȐșȤ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȕȈșȟȍȚ șțȌȤȉȣ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȕȈșȓȍȌȕȐȒȈ ȖșȈ ȗȖȌȕȧ-
ȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȌțȝ Ȑ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ Ȑȏ ȔȖȐȝ ȋȓȈȏ
ǯȈȘȣȚȣȑ ȗȈțȒ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȍȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍȌțșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȖșȈ
ȕȍ ȓȐȠȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȉ ȒȈȓȍȟȐȚ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȤșȧ
ǪȣȓțȗȓȧȦȡȈȧșȧ Ȑȏ ȧȐȟȒȈ ȓȐȟȐȕȒȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȕțȦ ȏȈȉȖȚȓȐȊȖȑ ȔȈȚȍ-
ȘȤȦ ȗȐȡț Ȑ ȗȐȚȈȍȚșȧ Ȍȕȧ ȌȊȈ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ șȊȍȎȐȔ ȔȧșȖȔ ȗȈțȒȈ ǵȍȌȖșȚȈȚȒȈ Ȋ ȗȐ-
ȡȍ ȖȕȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȔȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȕȍșȍȚ ȍȑ ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȑ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȋȖ
ȗȈțȒȈ ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȒȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȘȈșȚȖȓșȚȍȍȚ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȕȍȚ ȍșȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȚșȧ
Ȋ ȒțȒȖȓȒț. ǻȔȐȘȈȍȚ ȓȐȟȐȕȒȈ ș ȋȖȓȖȌț ȓȐȠȤ Ȋ ȚȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȍșȓȐ ȗȖȋȐȉȕȍȚ ȍȍ ȔȈȚȤ
Ǫșȍ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȖ ȝȐȡȕȣȝ Ȗș ȊȍȌȍȚ ȚȈȒțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǺȈȒ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȗȍșȒȖȘȖȑ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȍȚșȧ ȖȚ ȌȖȘȖȎȕȖȑ Ȗșȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈȔȐ Ȑ ȘȖȌȖȔ ȗȐȡȐ
Ȗȕ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȗȈțȒȖȊ ȓȖȊȐȚ ȋțșȍȕȐȞ
ɉɱɟɥɨɟɞɵ
ǮțȒȖȍȌȣ ȎȐȊțȚ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȟȈșȚȧȝ ǭȊȘȖȗȣ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ȗȍșȟȈȕȣȝ ȔȍșȚ-
ȕȖșȚȧȝ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȋȘȍȊȈȍȔȣȝ șȖȓȕȞȍȔ ǶȚȓȐȟȈȦȚșȧ ȖȕȐ ȖȚ șȊȖȐȝ ȚȖȊȈȘȖȒ ȚȍȔ

ȟȚȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊțȦȚșȧ ȖȌȕȐȔȐ ȎțȟȒȈȔȐ Ȑȏ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȈ ȌȖȓȋȖȕȖșȐȒȖȊ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍ-
ȔȣȔȐ șȓȖȕȐȒȈȔȐ ǵȈ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȔȧȋȒȐȍ ȓȐ-
ȟȐȕȒȐ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȗȐȚȈȚȤșȧ ȚȊȍȘȌȣȔȐ ȎțȟȒȈȔȐ ǵȖ ȌȍȓȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȗșȣ ȓȖȊȧȚ ȓȐȠȤ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȣȓțȗȐȊȠȐȝșȧ Ȑȏ ȒțȒȖȓȖȒ ȎțȟȒȖȊ ȓȐȟȐȕȒȐ Ȏȍ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ țȔȍȦȚ
ȕȈȑȚȐ ȕȈ Țȍȓȍ ȎțȟȒȈ ȔȍșȚȖ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȔȧȋȒȖȑ ȖȉȖȓȖȟȒȖȑ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȖ
ȗȘȖȕȐȒȈȦȚ ȊȖ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȋȖ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȈ
ǵȍȔȈȓȖ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ Ȑ ȗȟȍȓȖȍȌȣ ȅȚȐ Ȗșȣ ȘȖȦȚ Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȊȍȘ-
ȚȐȒȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȋȈȓȍȘȍȐ ȖȒȈȕȟȐȊȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȒȈȔȖȘȒȈȔȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȔȍȡȈȦȚ Ȑ
șȊȖȐ ȧȐȟȒȐ Ȑ ȎȍȘȚȊȣ ǶȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȟȍȓȖȍȌ șȐȌȐȚ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȔȍȌȖȕȖș-
ȕȖȔ ȞȊȍȚȒȍ Ȑ ȊȣȎȐȌȈȍȚ ǪȖȚ ȗȘȐȓȍȚȍȓȈ ȗȟȍȓȈ Ȑ Ȋșȧ țȋȓțȉȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȖȉȐȘȈȕȐȍ
șȓȈȌȒȖȋȖ șȖȒȈ ǽȐȡȕȐȒ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȊȐȌ ȟȚȖ ȍȍ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȍȚ Ȑ ȚȈ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ;
ȕȖ ȏȈȚȍȔ țȓțȟȐȊ țȌȖȉȕȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ Ȗȕ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ șȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ș ȔȍșȚȈ Ȑ ȕȈȉȘȈșȣ-
ȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȦȡțȦ ȚȘțȎȍȕȐȞț ǯȈȊȧȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȤ-
ȉȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȖșȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȍȘȍȚ ȊȍȘȝ ǰșȒȈȓȍȟȍȕȕȈȧ Ȑ ȖȉȍșșȐȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȧȌȖȔ ȗȟȍ-
ȓȈ ȗȈȌȈȍȚ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȏȈȔȍȘȚȊȖ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȈ Ȏȍ ȝȊȈȚȈȍȚ ȍȍ Ȑ țȕȖșȐȚ Ȋ șȊȖȍ ȎȐȓȐ-
ȡȍǵȍȘȍȌȒȖ ȗȟȍȓȖȍȌȣ șȖȉȐȘȈȦȚșȧ ȞȍȓȣȔȐ ȘȖȧȔȐ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȏȈȌțȔȣȊȈȧșȤ
ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȦȚșȧ Ȓ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȔ Ȑ ȉȍșșȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȕȈȗȈȌȈȦȚ ȕȈ ȗȟȍȓ, ȍșȓȐ ȍșȚȤ ȝȖȚȤ
ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȉȍȌț

59
DZșȎȐȎ IX
ȅȁDzǼǰǶȇǻȉdz ǼǯȇdzǿȀǰdzǻǻȉdz ǼȀǻǼȆdzǻǶȍ
ǺǶǹǹǶǮǾDzȉ ǴǶǰȉȃ ǯǶȂȆȀdzǸǿǼǰ.
ǹȞȍȕȈ ȖȗȐșȈȕȕȈȧ ȔȕȖȦ ȌȓȐȓȈșȤ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȓțȟȈșȈ ȕȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ
ȚȧȕȍȚșȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȖȓȋȖ ǶȗȘȈȊȐȊȠȐșȤ ȖȚ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȋȖ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȍȦ ȧ ȚȘȖȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȑ ȗțȚȤ ȕȖ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ ȧ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȠȈȋȖȊ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȚȖȓȒȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȖȊȖȍ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȖȏȉțȌȐȓȖ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȖȚ-
ȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ ȇ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȔȐȘȍ ȒțȌȈ ȧ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȌȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ țȎȈșȖȊ ȕȍȔȈ-
ȓȖ Ȑ ȟȚȖ șȈȔȣȍ ȕȍșȓȣȝȈȕȕȣȍ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖșȚȐ — ȏȌȍșȤ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȌȈ-
Ȏȍ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȍ ȊȍȡȐ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȉȍșȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȣȍ
ȊȖȑȕȣ Ȑ țȉȐȑșȚȊȈ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȍ ȘȈȏȔȕȖȎȐȓȐșȤ ȉȣ ȌȖ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ șȔțȡȈȓȐ
ȉȣ ȗȖȒȖȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȠȈȘȈ
ȇȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ȌțȠȐ Ȑ ȓȐȠȐ-
ȓȖ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȚȤșȧ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȔȐ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȍȋȖ ǭș-
ȓȐ ȉȣ ȧ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȧȓ șȊȖȍ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȌȐ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȧ ȍș-
ȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ șȖșȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȍ Ȓ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȔț ȓȖȘȌț ǷțȞȒȐȕșț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȎȌȈȓ ȔȖȍȑ ȗȖ-
ȔȖȡȐ ȧ ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȉȣ ș ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȏȈȒȈȚȖȔ șȖȓȕȞȈ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ.
ǿȚȖȉȣ ȌȈȚȤ Țȍȉȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȍ Ȗ Țȍȝ ȔȐȓȣȝ ȊȏȈȐȔȕȣȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧȝ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȋȖșȗȖȌșȚ-
ȊțȦȚ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ țȎȈșȕȖȔ ȔȐȘȍ ȧ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȓȦ Țȍȉȧ ș ȖȌȕȐȔ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȖȔ ȕȈȝȖȌȧ-
ȡȐȔșȧ Ȋ ȉȓȐȏȒȖȔ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍ ș ȝȐȡȕȣȔȐ ȖșȈȔȐ.
ǿȚȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȉȣ Țȣ Ȗ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȒȘȈȍ ȋȌȍ ȎȐȊțȚ ȕȍțȒȓȦȎȐȍ ȔȐȘȕȣȍ ȚȘȈȊȖȧȌȕȣȍ
ȏȊȍȘȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȝȖȌȧȚ ȕȈ ȠȍșȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȕȖȋȈȝ șȘȍȌȐ ȥȚȐȝ ȏȊȍȘȍȑ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȘȈȏ-
ȕȣȝ ȗȖȘȖȌ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȌȘțȋ ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȈ ȘȖșȚȖȔ ȞȊȍȚȖȔ Ȑ ȜȖȘȔȈȔȐ
ǯȊȍȘȐ ȥȚȐ ȕȈșȟȐȚȣȊȈȦȚ ȓȍȋȐȖȕȣ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ șȘȍȌȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȑ ȎȍșȚȖ-
ȒȖșȚȤȦ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȍȚșȧ ȖȌȕȖ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȖ șȖȏȌȈȕȕȖȍ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȐșȚȘȍȉȓȧȚȤ Ȑȝ ȅȚȐ țȗȖȘȕȣȍ ȊȘȈȋȐ ȉȍȏȎȈȓȖșȚȕȖ ȌȍȓȧȚ ȔȍȎȌț șȖȉȖȦ
ȠȍșȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȐȕȖȋȐȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ Ȑ ȗȐȚȈȦȚșȧ Ȑȝ șȊȍȎȐȔ ȎȐȊȣȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ ǷȖșȓȍȌ-
ȕȐȍ Ȏȍ ȗȖȒȈ Ȑȝ ȗȖ ȒțșȖȟȒț ȗȖȎȐȘȈȦȚ ȕȍ ȚȍȘȧȦȚ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ Ȑ șȈȔȐ ȈȗȗȍȚȐȚȈ
ȗȈșțȚșȧ ȝȖȌȧȚ Ȑ ȘȈșȚțȚ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȕȍȌȍȓȤ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȈȧ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȍȚ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȓȐȠȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȈȘȈȏȐȚȣ șȖȎȘțȚ Ȋșȍ Ȑȝ ȔȧșȖ ǷȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȐȐ
ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȖȏȔțȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȓȈ ȏȓȖȌȍȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȈȦȚșȧ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȔț ȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȐȦ Ȉ,
țȔȖȘȐȊ șȊȖȦ ȎȍȘȚȊț Ȑ ȕȍ ȕțȎȌȈȧșȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȋ ȔȧșȕȖȑ ȗȐȡȍ ȗȘȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȍȑȠȐȔ
ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȊȣȓȍȚȈȦȚ Ȑȏ ȚȘțȗȈ Ȑ ș ȥȚȖȑ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȗȐȚȈȦȚșȧ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȓȐȠȤ ȞȊȍȚȖȟ-
ȕȣȔ șȖȒȖȔ Ȑ ȚȖ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȕȖȔ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍ ǵȖ, ȕȈȟȐȕȈȧ ȕȖȊțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȦȚ șȊȖȐȝ ȌțȘȕȣȝ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȖȊ Ȑ ȖȚȣșȒȐȊȈȦȚ Ȍȓȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȖȚȖȔșȚ-
ȊȈ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȎȍȘȚȊȣ
Ǻȣ șȒȈȎȍȠȤ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ șȒȈȏȒȐ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȚ ȕȐ ȚȈȒȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ ȕȐ ȚȈ-
ȒȐȝ ȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȣȝ Ȑ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȕȍȚ Ȑ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȍșȓȐ
ȉȣ ȖȕȐ Ȑ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȚȖ șȒȖȘȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȣ ȐșȟȍȏȕțȚȤ ș ȓȐȞȈ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ǩ
ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȜȈȒȚȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȧ ȗȘȐȊȍȓ ȕȍ ȔȐȜȣ Ȉ șȈȔȈȧ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȈȧ ȌȍȑșȚ-
ȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ

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ǮȍȘȚȊȣ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȈȔȐ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕȣ ȕȈ ȊșȍȔ ȏȍȔ-
ȕȖȔ ȠȈȘȍ Ȉ Ȑȝ ȗȈȘȈȏȐȚȣ ȕȈșȟȐȚȣȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȌȊțȝ Țȣșȧȟ ȊȐȌȖȊ ȕȈȗȖȓ-
ȕȧȦȚ ȕȈȠȐ ȗȖȓȧ ȘȍȒȐ Ȑ ȓȍșȈ ǵȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȍ ȎȍȘȚȊȣ — ȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȐȕȖȍ ȒȈȒ ȋțșȍȕȐ-
Ȟȣ Ȉ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ȗȖȍȌȈȦȡȐȍ Ȑȝ ȎȐȊȤȍȔ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ ȋȘțȗȗț ȗȈȘȈȏȐȚ-
ȕȣȝ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ș șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȖȔ ȕȈȍȏȌȕȐȒȖȊ ȊȖ ȋȓȈȊȍ ȇ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȗȘȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ
ȉȐȟ ȉȈȉȖȟȍȒ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȗȘȐ ȊȐȌȍ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȑ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȣ ȕȈ-
ȠȗȐȋȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȔȐ ȌȍșȧȚȒȈȔȐ ȓȐȟȐȕȖȒ ȔȈȓȖȉȘȦȝȖȊ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ șȈȔȣȝ
ȔȍȓȒȐȝ ȗȖȘȖȌ ȕȈȍȏȌȕȐȒȖȊ.
ǶșȓȈȉȍȊȠȈȧ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȈ ȍȌȊȈ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȈșȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȍȍ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȑ țȔȍȘȓȈ ȕȈ ȔȖȐȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȔȈȓȖȉȘȦȠȒȐ șȖȏȘȍȓȐ ȊȕțȚȘȐ
ȕȍȍ Ȑ șȢȍȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȕȍȑ șȢȍȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ
ǮȐȏȕȤ ȥȚȐȝ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȉȍȏțșȓȖȊȕȖ șȚȖȐȚ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ-
șȧ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȗȖȌȖȓȤȠȍ Ǻȣ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȓ Ȑȝ ȝȖȚȧ ȖȕȐ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȟȈȦȚșȧ ȗȖȊșȦȌț ǶȕȐ ȘȣȡțȚ ȗȖ șȍȓȈȔ Ȑ ȓȍșȈȔ ȏȈȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȦȚ Ȋ șȈȌȐȒ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧ-
ȕȐȕȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȉȈȘșȒțȦ țșȈȌȤȉț ȌȈȎȍ țȌȖșȚȈȐȊȈȦȚ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ
ǷȖșȚȈȘȈȦșȤ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ șȓȖȊȈȝ ȖȗȐșȈȚȤ Țȍȉȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȖȕȐ ȏȈ-
ȕȐȔȈȦȚ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ǭșȓȐ Țȣ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȍȠȤ ȉȓȐȎȍ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚȤșȧ ș ȕȐȔȐ
ȧ ȗȖȒȈȎț Țȍȉȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ țȊȐȌȐȔșȧ ȗȖȓȕțȦ ȒȖȘȖȉȒț ȕȈȍȏȌȕȐȒȖȊ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȧ ȖȚ Ȗȋ-
ȘȖȔȕȣȝ ȚȖȡȈȕȖȒ Ȑ șȍȘȗȖȊȖȒ Ȑ ȒȖȕȟȈȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔȐ ȊȍșȍȓȤȟȈȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍ-
țȗȖȔȧȕțȚȣȔȐ ȔȈȓȖȉȘȦȝȈȔȐ.
ǷȍȘȊȣȔ ȌȍȓȖȔ ȕȈȌȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ Țȍȉȍ Ȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȋȘțȗȗȍ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȚ.
ǽȖȚȧ Țȣ Ȋ ȥȕȚȖȔȖȓȖȋȐȐ șȔȣșȓȐȠȤ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȏȍ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȖȑ ȋȘȈȔȖȚȍ
Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ Țȣ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ, ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȔȐȘ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȗȖȌȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȦȚ ȕȈ șȍȔȤ ȋȓȈȊ-
ȕȣȝ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȌȘțȋ ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȈ ȖȚȘȧȌȖȊ
ǷȍȘȊȣȑ șȈȔȣȑ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖ ȊȐȌȈȔ ȖȚȘȧȌ — ȎȍșȚȒȖȒȘȣȓȣȍ ȐȓȐ
ȎțȒȐ ș ȚȊȍȘȌȣȔȐ ȘȖȋȖȊȣȔȐ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȐȔȐ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ ǪȚȖȘȖȑ — ȗȍȘȍȗȖȕȟȈȚȖ-
ȒȘȣȓȣȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȗȟȍȓȣ Ȗșȣ Ȑ ȔțȘȈȊȤȐ ǺȘȍȚȐȑ —
ȟȍȠțȍȒȘȣȓȣȍ ȐȓȐ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȐ ǿȍȚȊȍȘȚȣȑ — ȌȊțȒȘȣȓȣȍ ȒȖȔȈȘȣ ȔțȝȐ
 ȖȚȓȐȟȈȦ-
ȡȐȍșȧ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍȔ ȏȈȌȕȐȝ ȒȘȣȓȤȍȊ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȧȚȣȑ ȠȍșȚȖȑ Ȑ șȍȌȤȔȖȑ ȖȚȘȧ-
Ȍȣ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ șȍȚȟȈȚȖȒȘȣȓȣȍ șȚȘȍȒȖȏȣ*, ȔțȘȈȊȤȐȕȣȑ ȓȍȊ
 ȗȘȧȔȖȒȘȣȓȣȍ
șȈȘȈȕȟȈ ȒțȏȕȍȟȐȒȐ șȊȍȘȟȒȐ ȚȈȘȈȒȈȕȣ
 Ȑ ȗȖȓțȎȍșȚȒȖȒȘȣȓȣȍ ȒȓȖȗȣ ȚȓȐ

ǵȈȍȏȌȕȐȒȐ — ȗȍȘȍȗȖȕȟȈȚȖȒȘȣȓȣȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȍ
ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȤ șȍȉȍ ȕȍ ȚȖ Ȗșț ȕȍ ȚȖ ȗȟȍȓț ȕȍ ȚȖ ȒȘȣȓȈȚȖȋȖ ȔțȘȈȊȤȧ — ȖȌȕȐȔ
șȓȖȊȖȔ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȘȖȌȍ Ȑ Țȣ ȕȍ ȖȠȐȉȍȠȤșȧ Ȋ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȐ Ȑȝ ȊȕȍȠȕȖșȚȐ
ǵȈȍȏȌȕȐȒ — ȋȐȉȒȖȍ ȓȍȋȒȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡȍȍ șȓȖȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȔțȘȈȊȤȧ ș
ȗȘȖȊȖȘȕȣȔȐ ȕȖȎȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȊȣȗțȒȓȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȟȘȍȏȊȣ-
ȟȈȑȕȖ ȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȔȐ ȉȍșȗȘȍșȚȈȕȕȖ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȔȐ ȎȍȓȚȣȔȐ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ ȐȓȐ ȟȍȘ-
ȕȣȔȐ șȧȎȒȈȔȐ ǵȈșȚȖȧȡȐȍ ȕȈȍȏȌȕȐȒȐ ȕȍ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȦȚ ȎȈȓȈȔȐ ȒȈȒȐȔȐ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍ-
ȕȣ Ȗșȣ Ȑ ȗȟȍȓȣ ȕȖ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ț ȕȐȝ ȍșȚȤ ȚȖȕȒȐȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȧȑȞȍȒȓȈȌȣ ș ȗȖ-
ȔȖȡȤȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȖȕȐ ȒȓȈȌțȚ șȊȖȐ ȧȑȞȈ ȗȖȌ ȒȖȎț ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȕȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȟȐȕȧȧ șȊȖȐȔ ȎȍȘȚȊȈȔ ȉȖȓȐ
ǵȈȍȏȌȕȐȒȐ ȒȓȈȌțȡȐȍ șȊȖȐ ȧȑȞȈ Ȋ ȓȐȟȐȕȒȐ șȗȘȧȚȈȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȍ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȦȚ
ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȣȔȐ ȧȑȞȍȒȓȈȌȈȔȐ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȉțȘȈȊȓȐȊȈȦȚ ȐȔȐ ȌȘȍȊȍșȕțȦ ȒȖȘț,
* ɋɬɪɟɤɨɡ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɷɧɬɨɦɨɥɨɝɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬ ɤ ɩɪɹɦɨɤɪɵɥɵɦ

62
DZșȎȐȎ ;
ǼǯǼǾǼȀǻǮȍ ǿȀǼǾǼǻǮ ǺdzDzǮǹǶ ǽǮȀǾǶǮǾȃǮǹȊǻǮȍ ǽǮǾǮ
dzǴdzDZǼDzǻǼ DzǮǾȍȇǮȍ ǺǶǾȁ  ǿdzǽȀǶǹǶǼǻǮ ǽǾǮ-ǽǾǮ-ǽǾǮ-
ǰǻȁǸǼǰ. ǰ ǺǼǾdz ǵdzǹdzǻǶ. ǾȁȅdzǷ ǯdzǹǼǷ ǰǼDzȉ.
ǷȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓ Țȍȉȧ ȌȘțȋ ȔȖȑ ș ȕȈȍȏȌȕȐȒȈȔȐ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȘȖȌȐȟȈ-
ȔȐ Țȣ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ șȒȖȘȉȐȠȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȕȍ ȊșȍȔȖȋțȡ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȠȤ ȐȏȌȈȚȤ țȒȈ-
ȏȈ Ȗ ȊșȍȖȉȡȍȑ ȒȈȏȕȐ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȈȘȈȏȐȚȖȊ ǵȖ ȧ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȖȒȈȎț Țȍȉȍ ȖȉȖȘȖȚȕțȦ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȕț ȔȍȌȈȓȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȔȐȘȦ Țȍȉȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ș ȔȖȐȔȐ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔȐ ȏȓȖȌȍȧȔȐ Ǫ ȗȘȐ-
ȘȖȌȍ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȓȐ Ȋșȍ țșȚȘȖȍȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȟȈșȈȝ ȋȌȍ ȒȈȎȌȖȍ ȒȖȓȍșȖ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȏțȉȟȐȒ
ȒȖȓȍșȈ ȐȔȍȍȚ șȊȖȍ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ǷȖȘȟȈ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȏțȉȟȐȒȈ ȊȓȍȟȍȚ ȏȈ
șȖȉȖȑ ȗȘȐȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒț ȝȖȌȈ Ȋșȍȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ǺȈȒȐȔ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȔ ȏțȉȟȐ-
ȒȖȔ Ȋ ȕȍȖȉȢȧȚȕȖȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȍ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȗȈȘȈȏȐȚȣ
ǷȘȐȕȧȊ ȊȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȖȊ ȗȈȘȈȏȐȚȖȊ ȏȈșȍȓȧȦȚ ȏȍȔȕȖȑ ȠȈȘ,
ȕȍ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȐȋȘȈȦȚ Ȋ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȍ ȊȈȎȕțȦ ȘȖȓȤ Ȑ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȔ ȘȖȌȍ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȔȖȋțȟȐȔȐ șȖȦȏȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ǹȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȗȖȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȑȚȐ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȓȐȉȖ ȗȖȊȍȚȘȐȍ ȐȓȐ
ȌȘțȋȈȧ ȒȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜȈ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȓȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȈȘȈȏȐȚȖȊ ǯȍȔȕȖȑ ȠȈȘ ȖȚȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ
ȕȈ șȢȍȌȍȕȐȍ ȉȍșȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȈȔ șȒȖȘȖ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ ȉȣ Ȋ ȗțșȚȣȕȦ ǵȈ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȍ ȊȖȞȈȘȐȓșȧ ȉȣ ȊșȍȖȉȡȐȑ ȋȖȓȖȌ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȐ ȉȣ Ȑ șȈ-
ȔȐ ȊȐȕȖȊȕȐȒȐ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȧ ǷȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ ȉȍȌșȚȊȐȧ Ȋ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȘȈȏȔȍ-
ȘȈȝ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ ȉȣȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȈ ǹȚȖ ȓȍȚ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ǴȈȘȖȒȒȖ Ȋ șȍȊ
ǨȜȘȐȒȍ
 ȗȖșȍȚȐȓ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖȌ dzȦȌȐ ȊȣȒȈȗȣȊȈȓȐ ȒȖȘȍȕȤȧ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȘȈșȚȍ-
ȕȐȑ Ȑ ȗȐȚȈȓȐșȤ ȐȔȐ ǮȍȕȡȐȕȣ Ȑ ȌȍȚȐ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȏȈ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȣȉȐȘȈȓȐ Ȑȏ
Ȑȝ ȖȚȉȘȖșȖȊ ȕȍȗȍȘȍȊȈȘȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȍȘȕȈ ȧȟȔȍȕȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȏȈȋȓțȠȐȚȤ ȐȔȐ ȔțȟȐȊȠȐȑ Ȑȝ
ȋȖȓȖȌ ǴȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȑ ȗȖ Ȋșȍȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȚȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȈȝ ȕȍțȉȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȚȘțȗȣ Ǫ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȖșȚȧȝ ǪȍȕȍȞȐȐ Ȋ  ȋ țȔȍȘȓȖ
ȖȚ ȋȖȓȖȌȈ  ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ǫ  ȋȖȌț Ȋ ǰȚȈȓȐȐ șȊȐȘȍȗșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȌ șȓȍȌșȚ-
ȊȐȍȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȔȖȘȖȊȈȧ ȧȏȊȈ ǶȒȖȓȖ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȍȋȖ
șȒȖȚȈ ȗȈȓȐ ȎȍȘȚȊȈȔȐ ȥȚȐȝ ȌȊțȝ ȉȍȌșȚȊȐȑ ǷȘȐȟȐȕȖȑ Ȋșȍȝ ȥȚȐȝ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȐȑ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȐȕȖȍ ȒȈȒ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖȍ ȘȈȏȔȕȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȐȏȊȍ-
șȚȕȣȝ ȗȖȌ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ șȈȘȈȕȟȐ
Ǫ ȆȎȕȖȑ ǨȜȘȐȒȍ Ȋ  Ȑ  ȋȋ Ȋșȧ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ
 ȒȊȈȌȘȈȚȕȣȝ ȔȐȓȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȉțȒȊȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȈ șȓȖȍȔ șȈȘȈȕȟȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖ-
ȎȘȈȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧ ȚȘȈȊȣ ȓȐșȚȤȧ Ȑ ȒȖȘț ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȟȈșȚȤȦ șȈȔȈ ȗȖ-
ȋȐȉȓȈ ȖȚ ȋȖȓȖȌȈ ȟȈșȚȤȦ Ȏȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȈȋȕȈȕȈ ȊȍȚȘȈȔȐ Ȋ ȔȖȘȍ ȚȈȔ ȖȕȈ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȓȈ
ȖȒȖȓȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȋȕȐȦȡțȦ ȔȍȓȤ ȏȈȘȈȏȐȊȠțȦ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȕȈ  ȔȐȓȤ Ȋ ȖȒ-
ȘțȎȕȖșȚȐ
Ǫ  ȋ Ȋ ǷȖȓȤȠȍ dzȐȚȊȍ Ȑ ǸȖșșȐȐ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȏȈȚȔȐȓȖșȤ ȖȚ ȗȖȓȟȐȡ șȈȘȈȕȟȐ
ȕȈȓȍȚȍȊȠȍȑ Ȑȏ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȝ ȦȎȕȣȝ șȚȘȈȕ ǴȍșȚȈȔȐ ȖȕȈ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ șȓȖȍȔ ȚȖȓȡȐȕȖȦ
ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋ ȌȊȈ ȈȘȠȐȕȈ
ǵȖ ȍȡȍ țȎȈșȕȍȍ ȚȍȘȔȐȚȣ ȐȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȍ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȔțȘȈȊȤȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ

63
ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȐ șȟȐȚȈȦȚ șȈȔȣȔ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ ȉȐȟȖȔ ȖȉȍȐȝ ǰȕȌȐȑ DzȈȒ șȈȘȈȕ-
ȟț ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȚȍȘȔȐȚȖȊ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȈȦȚ ȊșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔȐ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈȔȐ ȕȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȗȓȖȌȖȊȐȚȖșȚȤ Ȑȝ ȗȖȉȍȎȌȈȍȚ Ȋșȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ țșȐȓȐȧ ǵȍ ȌțȔȈȑ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ
ȟȚȖ ȗȓȖȌȖȊȐȚȖșȚȤ — ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȥȚȐȝ ȌȊțȝ ȗȖȘȖȌ ǩȈȉȖȟȒȐ
Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȍ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȧȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȈȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ șȈ-
ȘȈȕȟȐ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȕȈȍȏȌȕȐȒȐ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȗȈȘȈȏȐȚȣ ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȤ șȍȉȍ ȟȚȖ ȞȍȓȖȍ
ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȊȣȎȐȊȈȍȚ Ȑ ȉȍșȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȔȕȖȎȈȍȚșȧ ǺȈȒ ȒȈȒ
ȒȈȎȌȈȧ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȈ-șȈȔȒȈ ȒȓȈȌȍȚ ȖșȍȕȤȦ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ ȐȓȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȖȚȍȕ
ȧȐȟȍȒ ȚȖ Ȓ Ȋȍșȕȍ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȋȖ ȋȖȌȈ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȊȣȓțȗȐȚșȧ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ
ȋțșȍȕȐȞ ǫțșȍȕȐȞȣ ȊȣȘȈșȚțȚ ȖȒțȒȓȧȚșȧ Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȚșȧ Ȋ ȉȈȉȖȟȍȒ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ
ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȈ șȈȔȒȐ ȅȚȐ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ șȕȍșțȚ ȗȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
șȖȚ ȧȐȟȍȒ Ȉ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȓȍȚȖ ȊȣȑȌțȚ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖșȍȕȤȦ ȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȋȖȌȈ
șȕȍșțȚ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȧȑȞȈ ǭșȓȐ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ Ȍȓȧ ȘȖȊȕȖȋȖ șȟȍȚȈ ȟȚȖ ȖȚ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȐ ȘȖ-
ȌȧȚșȧ  ȋțșȍȕȐȞ ȚȖ Ȋ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȔ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȐ ȖȚ ȕȐȝ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȑȌȍȚ  ȋțșȍ-
ȕȐȞ Ȉ Ȋ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȔ țȎȍ ȉțȌȍȚ  ȗȘȈȊȕțȒȖȊ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȗȈȘȣ ǾȐȜȘȈ șȚȖ Ȍȓȧ ȧȐ-
ȟȍȒ Ȑ ȌȊȈ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȋȖȌ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ
ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȖșȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȌȍșȧȚȒȈ Țȣșȧȟ ȧȐȞ ȞȈȘȐȞȈ ȗȟȍȓ — ȕȍ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ Țȣșȧȟ Ȉ șȈȔȒȈ ȚȍȘȔȐȚȖȊ ȒȓȈȌȍȚ ȒȈȎȌțȦ șȍȒțȕȌț ȗȖ ȧȑȞț ȟȚȖ
șȖșȚȈȊȐȚ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ  ȧȐȞ
ǴțȝȐ ȐȌțȚ ȍȡȍ ȌȈȓȍȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȐ ǺȈȒ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȖȚ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȗȈȘȣ șȍ-
Șȣȝ ȔȧșȖȍȌȖȒ ȗȘȐ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȝ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ Ȋ ȠȍșȚȖȔ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȐ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ Ȋ Țȍ-
ȟȍȕȐȍ ȠȍșȚȐ Țȍȗȓȣȝ ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ ȗȖ șȈȔȖȔț șȒȘȖȔȕȖȔț ȘȈșȟȍȚț ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ
ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤșȧ ȗȖȚȖȔșȚȊȖ Ȋ  ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ Ȕțȝ
ǷȓȖȌȖȊȐȚȖșȚȤ Ȏȍ Țȓȍȑ ȗȘȍȊȣȠȈȍȚ ȊșȧȒȖȍ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȐȍ ǻȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ șțȡȍșȚ-
ȊȈ ȥȚȐ ȚȈȒ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȘȈșȚțȚ ȟȚȖ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȊȐȌȖȊ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȘȖȏȖȊȖȑ ȚȓȐ,
ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȤșȧ Ǻȓȧ ȥȚȈ ȒȓȈȌȍȚ ȍȎȍ-
ȌȕȍȊȕȖ  ȧȐȞ Ȑ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȊȣșȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȍȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ȘȈȏȔȕȖ-
ȎȈȚȤșȧ ȚȖ ȒȈȎȌȣȍ ȥȚȐ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȧȐȞ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȌȈȚȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȠȍșȚȤ ȕȍȌȍȓȤ 
ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ Ȉ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȋȖȌȈ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ Ȋ -Ȕ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȐ — 164.867.600.000.
 ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȟȐșȓȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȣȠȍ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ
ȇ ȗȘȐȊȍȓ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȜȈȒȚȖȊ Ȑ ȞȐȜȘ Ȑ Țȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȏȈȌȈ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȉȍȘȍȚșȧ ȗȐȡȈ Ȍȓȧ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ȗȈȘȈȏȐȚȖȊ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ȌȧȚ-
ȓȖȊ șȐȕȐȞ ȒțȒțȠȍȒ ȊȖȘȖȉȤȍȊ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȗȚȐȞ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ Ȍȓȧ ȞȍȓȖȋȖ ȖȚȘȧ-
ȌȈ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȧȌȕȣȝ ȔȓȍȒȖȗȐȚȈȦȡȐȝ ȅȚȐ ȉȍșȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȓȍȋȐȖȕȣ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȕȍ-
țȚȖȔȐȔȖ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȦȚ șȊȖȍ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ Ȑȝ țșȍȘȌȐȍ ȚțȟȐ ȕȈșȍȒȖ-
Ȕȣȝ ȏȈȚȔȍȊȈȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȈȠȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȋȐȉȓȐ ȉȣ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȠȐȔȐ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȓȐ ȉȣ
ȕȈȔ Ȋ ȘȖȚ Ȑ ȕȖș ȔȍȠȈȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȈȔ ȌȣȠȈȚȤ șȗȈȚȤ ȍșȚȤ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȖȎȘȈȊ Ȋșȍ
ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȖȎȘȈȚȤ șȢȍȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȈș șȈȔȐȝ ș ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ Ȋ șȊȖȦ
ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ȗȖȋȐȉȕțȚȤ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ
ǹȓȍȌțȦȡȐȍ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȊȍșȍȓȖ ȇ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȗȘȖȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȟȍ-
Șȍȏ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȒțșȚȈȘȕȐȒ ǸțȒȖȊȖȌȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȗțȚȐ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȖȌ-
ȕȐȔ ȓȐȠȤ ȒȖȔȗȈșȖȔ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȊȣșȖȒȐȍ ȒțșȚȣ Ȑ ȚȘȈȊȣ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȏȈșȓȖȕȧȓȐ ȖȚ
Ȕȍȕȧ șȖȓȕȞȍ Ȑ ȕȍȉȖ Ǵȍȕȧ ȖȒȘțȎȈȓ ȕȍȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȍȔȣȑ ȓȈȉȐȘȐȕȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ ȉȍȏ
ȗȘȍțȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȐȧ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ ȔȖȘȍȔ ȏȍȓȍȕȐ
DzȈȒ ȉȣ ȧȘȒȖ ȧ ȕȐ ȖȗȐșȈȓ Țȍȉȍ ȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȐȧ ȒȈȒȐȍ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȗȖȉȍȎ-

67
DZșȎȐȎ XI
ǸǼǿȀdzǾ
ǻșȓȖȊȐȧ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȘȐȧȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȔȖȍȔț ȗȓȈȕț șȒȈ-
ȓȣ ȏȈȡȐȡȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚ ȊȍȚȘȈ ȌȣȔ ȔȖȋ ȐȔȍȚȤ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȑ ȊȣȝȖȌ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȖȚȊȍȘ-
șȚȐȍ Ȑ ȕȈȋȘȍȚȈȧ ȗȍȡȍȘȈ ȌȈȓȈ ȉȣ Ȕȕȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȝȖȚȤ ȖȌȕț ȕȖȟȤ ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ
ȕȍ ȡȍȓȒȈȧ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ȖȚ ȝȖȓȖȌȈ ǵȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ
ȔȖȑ ȒȖșȚȍȘ ȔȖȋ șȓțȎȐȚȤ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȣȔ șȐȋȕȈȓȖȔ ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȜȓȈȋ Ȋ ȓțȟȠȍȔ
șȓțȟȈȍ ȔȖȋ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȐȌȍȕ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȝ ȠȈȋȖȊ Ȉ ȒȖșȚȍȘ
ȔȖȋ ȉȘȖșȈȚȤ șȊȍȚ ȕȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ șȈȎȍȕ ȒȘțȋȖȔ Ǩ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȕȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȘȈȏȊȍșȚȐ ȒȖș-
ȚȍȘ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȊ Ȗȕ ȖșȊȍȚȐȓ ȉȣ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ
ȉȣȓ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚȤșȧ ȓȖȘȌ ǷțȞȒȐȕș ǭșȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ Ȑ ȉȣȓȐ ȔȍșȚȈ
ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȐȓȐ ȕȐȏȔȍȕȕȣȍ ȒțȌȈ șȊȍȚ ȕȍ ȌȖșȚȐȋȈȓ ȉȣ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȔȖȑ
ȒȖșȚȍȘ ȌȈȊȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȠȈȕșȖȊ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȚȤ ȓȖȘȌȈ Ȗ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȦȡȍȑșȧ ȗȖȔȖ-
ȡȐ ȕȍȎȍȓȐ Ȋșȍ Țȍ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕȣȍ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ ȒȈȒȐȔȐ ȧ ȘȈșȗȖȓȈȋȈȓ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ǭȌȐȕșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖȑ șȓȈȉȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȖȦ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȗȓȈȕȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȖșȚȍȘ ȔȖȑ ȔȖȋ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȐȌȍȕ
ȓȐȠȤ ȕȖȟȤȦ Ȉ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȓȖȘȌ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ șȗȈȓ șȕȖȔ ȗȘȈȊȍȌȕȐ-
ȒȈ ǵȖ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȕȍȉȘȍȋȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȠȍȌȠȍȑ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț
ȔȣșȓȤȦ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌȖȎȐȌȈȧșȤ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ ȘȈȏȊȍșȚȐ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈșȚțȋȚȧȚ
șțȔȍȘȒȐ ȇ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟȕȖ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȐȓ Ȓ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȦ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȓȈȕȈ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ Ȋșȍ-
ȋȖ, ȕțȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȏȈȉȖȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȗ ȋȖȘȦȟȍȔ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȍ Ȑ ȚțȚ-ȚȖ ȧ țȉȍȌȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ-
ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȌȍȓȖ ȒțȌȈ ȓȍȋȟȍ ȟȍȔ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ ǶȚȒțȌȈ ȌȖȉȣȚȤ ȚȖȗȓȐȊȖ"
ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȌȖȊȖȓȤ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȔȝȖȊ ȏȈșȖȝȠȐȝ ȓȐșȚȤȍȊ ȕȖ ȕȐ ȚȖ ȕȐ
ȌȘțroe Ȍȓȧ ȔȖȍȑ ȞȍȓȐ ȕȍ ȋȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ǷȖȗȘȖȉțȑ ȐșȚȖȗȐȚȤ ȗȍȟȤ șȊȍȎȐȔ ȌȍȘȍȊȖȔ
ȐȓȐ șȣȘȣȔȐ ȒȖȎȈȔȐ Ȑ Țȣ ȚȖȋȌȈ țȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȓȐ ȘȈȏȊȍșȚȐ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȔȖ-
ȡȐ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȐ ȒȘȖȝȖȚȕȖȑ șȗȐȟȒȐ Ǫ ȋȖȘȈȝ Ȋșȍ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧ ȕȈșȣȡȍȕȣ ȊȖȌȖȑ Ȑ ȔȝȐ
ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȓȐȉȖ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧ ȊȗȐȚȣȊȈȦȚ Ȑ țȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȦȚ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȊȓȈȋț. ǹȒȈ-
ȓȣ șȓțȎȈȚ ȔȝȈȔ ȓȐȠȤ ȎȐȓȐȡȍȔ ȗȐȚȈȍȚ Ȏȍ Ȑȝ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȓȐȠȤ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ǴȖȝ
ȎȐȊȍȚ Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȓȐȠȤ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȊȓȈȋȍ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȦȡȍȑșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ǩȍȏ ȊȖ-
Ȍȣ Ȗȕ ȔȍȓȤȟȈȍȚ Ȑ ȋȐȉȕȍȚ Ƕ Țȍȗȓȍ Ȗȕ ȔȈȓȖ ȏȈȉȖȚȐȚșȧ Ȑ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȊȣȎȐȊȈȍȚ ȏȐ-
ȔȖȑ Ȋ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ ȋȌȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȍ ǭșȓȐ Ȋ ȋȖ-
ȘȈȝ ȘȈșȚȍȚ ȔȖȝ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȔȍșȚȖ ȥȚȖ șȣȘȖȍ Ȑ ȕȈȖȉȖȘȖȚ șȚȍȗȍȕȤ șȣȘȖșȚȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ
ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȧȍȚșȧ ȖȉȐȓȐȍȔ ȐȓȐ șȒțȌȖșȚȤȦ ȔȝȖȊ DzȈȒ șȊȍȎȐȍ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȗȖȎȍȓȚȍȊȠȐȍ ȔȝȐ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ șȖȉȖȦ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȋțȉȒȐ ȕȈșȣȡȍȕȕȣȍ ȊȖȌȖȦ ǹȈȔȖ șȖȉȖȦ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ
ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȋȖȌȐȚȤșȧ Ȍȓȧ ȔȖȍȑ ȞȍȓȐ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȧ ȗȘȐȊȣȒ ȖȚșȚțȗȈȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ
ȚȘțȌȕȖșȚȧȔȐ ȧ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȉȣ ȖȚ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȏȈȔȈȕȟȐȊȖȋȖ ȗȓȈȕȈ ǵȖ Ȋ Țț șȈȔțȦ ȔȐ-
ȕțȚț ȒȈȒ ȔȕȖȦ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȊȈȚȤ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȍ ȧ Ȗȋȓȧȕțȓșȧ Ȑ Ȑȏ ȋȘțȌȐ ȔȖȍȑ
ȊȣȘȊȈȓșȧ ȒȘȐȒ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ
ǵȈȠȍȓ ǶȋȖȕȤ ȉțȌȍȚ Ȑ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȗȖȏȈȊȐȌțȍȚ ȓȦȉȖȑ ȗȐȘȖȚȍȝ-
ȕȐȒ DzȈȒ Țȍȉȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȓ șȒȓȖȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȓ ȚȍȔ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ ȌȊȐ-
ȎȍȕȐȧȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋȣ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚȍ ȚȈȕȞȈȔȐ Ȑ șȟȐȚȈȦ Ȑȝ ȖșȚȈȚȒȖȔ ȊȈȘȊȈȘșȚȊȈ ȕȖ
Ȋ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț ȥȚȖ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȈȔȐ
 ȧ ȗȘȖȌȍȓȈȓ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ

68
Ȋ ȘȖȌȍ ȋȈȓȖȗȈ ǹȟȈșȚȤȍ ȟȚȖ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȠȍșȒȖȑ ȊȣȝȖȌȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ
ȓȐȠȤ ȌȊȈ ȒȖȔȈȘȈ șȐȌȍȊȠȐȝ ȊȉȓȐȏȐ ȕȈ ȊȍȚȒȍ ȕȐȏȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȊȍȘȉȖȟȒȐ ǷȍȘȊȣȍ
ȓțȟȐ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȏȈșȚȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ țȎȍ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȈȝ ȧ Ȑ ȌȈȓ șȍȉȍ șȓȖȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ țȑȌț ș ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȔȍșȚȈ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȕȈȉȍȘț ȋȖȘȦȟȍȋȖ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȈ Ȍȓȧ ȒȖșȚȘȈ
ȇ ș ȥȕȍȘȋȐȍȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȘȈȉȖȚț Ȑ, ȒȖȋȌȈ șȚȈȓȖ șȔȍȘȒȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȗȍȡȍȘȍ ȔȖȍȑ
ȓȍȎȈȓȈ țȎȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȒțȟȈ ȚȖȗȓȐȊȈ ǺȈȔ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ șȖșȕȖȊȣȝ
ȐȓȐ ȍȓȖȊȣȝ ȌȘȖȊ ȕȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȖȕȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȓȍȕȞȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȍ ȕȈ ȚȘȖșȚ-
ȕȐȒ ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȖȊȖȡȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖ ȔȖȍȔț ȚȖȋȌȈȠȕȍȔț ȘȖșȚț ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ Ȕȕȍ
ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȖȑ ș ȈȗȍȓȤșȐȕ ș ȌȣȕȦ ȌȈȎȍ ș ȚȣȒȊț ȅȚȐ ȌȣȕȐ Ȑ ȈȗȍȓȤșȐȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍ
ȟȚȖ ȐȕȖȍ ȒȈȒ șȖȏȘȍȊȠȐȍ ȗȓȖȌȣ ȔȝȖȊ Ȉ ȚȘȖșȚȕȐȒ — șȚȍȉȍȓȤȒȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȘȖș-
ȓȐ ȥȚȐ ȗȓȖȌȣ Ǻȣ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ șȓȣȝȈȓ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ ȟȚȖ ȗȈȗȖȘȖȚȕȐȒȐ ȔȝȐ Ȑ ȋȘȐȉȣ ȕȍ
ȞȊȍȚțȚ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȖșȧȚ ȗȓȖȌȖȊ ȅȚȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȞȊȍȚȣ Ȑ
ȗȓȖȌȣ ȥȚȐȝ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȧȚ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȐȕȈȟȍ ȟȍȔ ț ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȘȈș-
ȚȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȟȈșȚȖ șȒȘȣȚȣ Ȋ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ Ȋ ȒȈȒȐȝ ȚȘțȌȕȖ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȚȤ Ȑȝ șțȡȍșȚ-
ȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ǻ ȗȈȗȖȘȖȚȕȐȒȈ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȔȍȡȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈ ȕȐȎȕȍȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȗȍȘȐ-
șȚȣȝ ȓȐșȚȤȍȊ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȗȧȚȕȣȠȍȒ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȋ ȗȖȘț șȖȏȘȍȊȈȕȐȧ șȣȗ-
ȓȦȚșȧ șȖȚȕȐ ȚȣșȧȟȐ șȍȔȍȟȍȒ Ǫ ȋȘȐȉȈȝ ȖȕȐ șȒȘȣȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȐȎȕȍȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȠȈ-
ȗȖȟȒȐ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȓȍȕȒȈȔȐ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȊșȦ ȕȐȎȕȦȦ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȋȘȐȉȈ ǻ
ȔȝȖȊ ȖȕȐ ȊȣȘȈșȚȈȦȚ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȝțȠȒȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȝ ȡȍȚȐȕȖȒ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȋȘțȠ ȠȈȘȐȒȖȊ Ȑ
ȔȍȠȒȖȊ ȘȈȏȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȣ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȣ Ȑ ȞȊȍȚȈ DzȖȋȌȈ ȔȍȠȖȟȍȒ șȖȏȘȍȍȚ Ȗȕ ȓȖȗȈȍȚ-
șȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȊȍȘȝȕȍȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȒȘȣȠȍȟȒȈ ș ȕȍȋȖ șȊȈȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȗȓȖȌ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȊȐȌ
ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȋȖ ȒțȊȠȐȕȟȐȒȈ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȍȓȒȖȦ ȗȣȓȤȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ Ȑ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ
șȍȔȍȕȈ ȔȝȖȊ ȅȚȐ șȍȔȍȕȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȋȖȘȦȟȐ Ȑ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȦȚ ȗȘȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȔ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȐ Ȗȋȕȧ ȇ șȖȉȘȈȓ Ȑ ȕȈȘȍȏȈȓ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȍȔ ȓȍșț ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍșȧȚ-
ȒȖȊ ȠȚțȒ ȕȈȌȍȧșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȏȈȔȍȕȧȚ Ȕȕȍ ȘȈșȚȖȗȒț Ȑ șȓȖȎȐȓ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȒȖșȚȍȘ ț
ȊȝȖȌȈ Ȋ ȗȍȡȍȘț
ǻ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȒȖșȚȘȈ ȧ țșȍȓșȧ șȖ șȗȐȟȒȖȦ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȧ șțȔȍȘȍȒ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȏȈȎȍȟȤ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȖșȊȍȚȐȚȤ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ șȊȈȘȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ țȎȐȕ Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȧ
ȝȖȚȍȓ ȏȈȒțșȐȚȤ ȖșȚȈȚȒȈȔȐ șȊȖȐȝ Ȕȧșȕȣȝ ȒȖȕșȍȘȊȖȊ Ȑ ȧȐȟȒȖȔ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȐ ȅȚȐ ȧȐȟ-
ȒȐ ȕȖ ȜȖȘȔȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȝȖȎȐ ȕȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȖȊȍȟȤȐ șȣȘȣ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖ
ȉȣȓȖ țȏȕȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȊȒțș ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȖȕȐ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȋȖȌȕȣȔȐ Ȋ ȗȐȡț ȚȖ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ ȗȘȖ-
ȒȖȘȔȐȚȤ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ ȊȘȖȌȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȉȍșȗȘȍșȚȈȕȕȖ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȟȈȓ Ȑȝ ȊȐșȧȡȐȔȐ ȕȈ ȓȐșȚȤȧȝ ȕȈ ȊȍȚȖȟȒȈȝ ȕȈ ȉȣȓȐȕȒȈȝ Ǫ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ
ȉȣȓȐ Ȟȍȓȣȍ șȒȓȈȌȣ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȧȐȟȍȒ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȎȍȓȚȣȝ ȒȖȘȐȟȕȍȊȣȝ ȉȖȟȖȕȖȟȒȖȊ ȕȈ-
ȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȐȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȎȍȓȚȒȖȔ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ, șȚȍȔȕȍȓȖ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȎȍȓȈȕȕȈȧ
ȔȐȕțȚȈ Ȑ ȧ ȗȖȌȎȍȋ șȊȖȑ ȒȖșȚȍȘ ǹȚȖȓȉ ȐșȒȘ ș ȚȘȍșȒȖȔ ȊȏȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȌțȝ Ȑ ȏȈ-
ȓȐȓ ȖȋȕȍȕȕȣȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ Ȋșȍ țȋȖȓȒȐ ȗȍȡȍȘȣ ǵȖ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ Ȋșȍ ȒȖȕȟȐȓȖșȤ ǨȌșȒȖȍ
ȗȓȈȔȧ Ȋ ȖȌȕț ȔȐȕțȚț șȢȍȓȖ Ȋșȍ șțȝȐȍ șȍȔȍȟȒȐ ȔȝȈ ǵȈȘțȎȕȣȍ Ȏȍ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȣ ȔȖ-
ȝȖȊȣȝ ȗȓȖȌȖȊ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȔȈȓȖ ȋȖȘȦȟȐȔȐ ȖȕȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȓȍȓȐ Ȑ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȓȐ
ȗȓȈȔȍȕȐ ȘȈȌȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧ ȏȈȚȍȧȓ ȊșȦ ȥȚț ȘȈȉȖȚț
ǪȍșȤ ȔȖȑ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȑ ȚȘțȌ ȗȘȖȗȈȓ ȌȈȘȖȔ ǸȈȏȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋȍ-
ȓȐȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ țșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤșȧ
ǵȖ «ȕțȎȌȈ — ȔȈȚȤ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȑ» șȒȈȏȈȓ ȖȌȐȕ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ șȖ-
ȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȊȍȘȕȖ
ȇ ȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȦ șȒȈȓȣ ȧ

70
DZșȎȐȎ ;,,
ǯdzDZǿȀǰǼ Ƕǵ ǽdzȇdzǾȉ.
Ǫ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȉȣȊȈȦȚ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȚȧȕțȚșȧ, ȚȖȟȕȖ ȟȈșȣ Ȑ
ȟȈșȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȚȧȕțȚșȧ, ȚȖȟȕȖ ȌȖȓȋȐȍ ȌȕȐ ǺȈȒȐȍ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȓ ȧ Ȋ
Țț ȕȖȟȤ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȣȚȤ Ȑȝ ǹȘȈȏț ȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ
ȒȘțȋȖȔ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȊȖȘȐȚșȧ ȇ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȗȍȡȍȘȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȈ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ
șȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ ȒȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜȈ DzȖȋȌȈ ȊȍșȤ ȒȖșȚȍȘ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȐȊ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȔȐ ȌȍșȧȚȒȈȔȐ
ȘȈȒȍȚ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȓșȧ ȋȘȈȌȖȔ ȐșȒȘ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȧ Ȋ ȗȍȡȍȘȍ ȕȍ ȖȌȐȕ ǹȒȊȖȏȤ ȚȘȍșȒ
Ȗȋȕȧ ȧ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ șțȡȍșȚȊ ȖȒȘțȎȈȊȠȐȝ Ȕȍȕȧ ǶȕȐ ȔȍȚȈȓȐșȤ
Ȋ ȌȣȔț Ȑ Ȗȋȕȍ Ȑ țȌȈȘȧȓȐșȤ ȚȊȍȘȌȣȔȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȈȔȐ Ȗ ȚȊȍȘȌȣȍ șȚȍȕȣ ȗȍȡȍȘȣ ȇ
ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ șȒȈȓț Ȑ ȖȚȚțȌȈ ȧȘȒȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȍȡȍȘȈ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ
ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ șȊȖȍȔ țȎȈșȍ ǷȍȡȍȘț ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȓȖ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȒȖȔȈȘȖȊ ǰȝ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȍ
ȒȘȣȓȤȧ Ȑ ȚȖȕȒȐȍ ȕȖȎȒȐ ȒȖȘȟȐȓȐșȤ ȗȘȐ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȐ Ȓ ȋȖȘȧȡȐȔ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊȕȧȔ ǶȌțȘȍȓȣȍ ȖȚ ȌȣȔȈ ȎȐȊȤȍȔ ȎȈȘȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȕȈ Ȗȋȕȍ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȍ ȗȖȌȣ-
ȔȈȓȐșȤ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȉȐȓȐșȤ Ȗ șȚȍȕȣ Ȑ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ șȚȈȘȈȓȐșȤ ȊȣȘȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑȏ ȈȌșȒȖȑ ȈȚȔȖș-
ȜȍȘȣ DzȈȒ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȐ ȓȍȚȍȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ ȐȔ ȖȋȖȕȤ Ȑ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ
țȉȍȎȌȈȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖ Ȓ ȌȖȉȘț ȕȍ ȊȍȌȍȚ
ǷȖ ȔȍȘȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȒȖșȚȍȘ ȌȖȋȖȘȈȓ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȎȍȘȚȊȣ Ȋșȍ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȓȐ ȖȉȡȐȑ
ȠțȔ Ȑ șȔȧȚȍȕȐȍ ǹ ȖȉȖȎȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ Ȑ ȕȖȎȒȈȔȐ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓȐ
țȎȈșȕȖȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ǶȌȕȐ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȒȘțȎȐȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȓȟȒȐ ȓȍȎȈ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȒȈȝ
ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȊȍȘȚȍȓȐșȤ șȚȖȧ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȈȝ ȚȘȍȚȤȐ șȉȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȒțȟȒȐ ȒȖȘȟȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȔȍȘȚȕȣȝ șțȌȖȘȖȋȈȝ
DzȖșȚȍȘ Ȋșȗȣȝȕțȓ ȍȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ Ȑ ȗȖȋȈș dzȐȠȤ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȋȈȘȐ ȌȈ ȖȚȘȣȊȐ-
șȚȣȑ ȠțȔ ȒȘȣȓȤȍȊ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȧ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȓ ȕȈȧȊț Ȉ ȕȍ
ȊȐȌȍȓ ȊȖ șȕȍ
Ǵȍȕȧ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȕȍȐȏȢȧșȕȐȔȣȑ țȎȈș ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȋȣ-
ȕȖșȐȚȤ șȖșȍȌșȚȊȈ șȋȖȘȍȊȠȐȝ Ȑ ȚȓȍȊȠȐȝ ȍȡȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ Ȑ ȏȈȚȒȕțȊ țȠȐ ȉȘȖșȐȓ-
șȧ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȖȋ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȧ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ȓȐȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȖȟȓȍȋȈ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȖ-
șȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȊșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖșȚȧȔ ǵȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ șȍȉȍ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ șȍȘȌ-
Ȟȍ șȎȐȔȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȐ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȗ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȝ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖșȚȘȈȌȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȔȖȍȑ
ȊȐȕȍ ǽȖȓȖȌ ȕȖȟȐ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȌțȔȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȧ șȚȈȓ țșȗȖȒȈȐȊȈȚȤ șȍ-
ȉȧ ȚȍȔ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȧ ȕȍ șȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍ țȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȋțȉȐȓ șȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ Ǫ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȧ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȏȓȈ ȧ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ Ȗȉ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȔ — ȒȈȒ ȉȣ șȗȈșȚȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ǪȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ, ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȗȍȡȍȘȍ ȘȈșșȚȘȖȐȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ șțȌȤȉȈ ȔȖȐȝ
ȠȍșȚȐȕȖȋȐȝ ȌȘțȏȍȑ șȚȈȓȈ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȚȤșȧ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ ǩȖȓȤȠȐȕ-
șȚȊȖ Ȑȝ ȋȐȉȕȍȚ șȈȔȖȦ ȚȘȈȋȐȟȍșȒȖȦ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȋȖȌ ȘȖȌȧȚșȧ ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȣ
ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ șȖȚȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤ Ȑȝ țȔȐȘȈȍȚ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȦ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ Ȉ Ȋșȍ ȖșȚȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȍ ȗȈȌȈȦȚ ȎȍȘȚȊȈȔȐ șȓȍȗȣȝ șȚȐȝȐȑ ǶȌȕȐȝ ȏȈȚȖȗȓȧȦȚ ȌȖȎȌȐ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȊȍȚȍȘ
șȚȘȧȝȐȊȈȍȚ ș ȘȖȌȐȔȣȝ ȊȍȚȖȒ Ȑ ȓȐșȚȤȍȊ ȖȉȘȍȒȈȧ Ȑȝ ȥȚȐȔ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȌȕțȦ șȔȍȘȚȤ

71
ȖȌȕȐ ȋȐȉȕțȚ ȖȚ ȝȖȓȖȌȈ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȖȚ ȎȈȘȣ ǭșȓȐ Ȏȍ ȒȖ ȊșȍȔț ȥȚȖȔț ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȚȤ ȍȡȍ
ȕȍȕȈșȣȚȕțȦ ȖȉȎȖȘȓȐȊȖșȚȤ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȗȐȚȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȔȐ ȚȖ ȖȒȈȎȍȚ-
șȧ ȟȚȖ șȈȔȣȍ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȣȍ ȊȖȑȕȣ șȈȔȣȍ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȥȗȐȌȍȔȐȐ ȕȍ țȕȍșȓȐ
șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ ȎȍȘȚȊ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȐȉȕȍȚ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ ȥȚȐȝ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȝ șȖȏ-
ȌȈȕȐȑ ȗȘȐ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȝ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȣȝ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ
ǪȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȖȚȌȍȓȈȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ ȞȈȘșȚȊȈ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȦȚșȧ ȊȐȌȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȐȚȈȦȚșȧ
ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȔȐ ǰȏ ȔȓȍȒȖȗȐȚȈȦȡȐȝ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȣ, ȘțȒȖȒȘȣȓȣȍ, ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȧȌȕȣȍ ȒȘȖ-
Țȣ ȍȎȐ ȏȍȔȓȍȘȖȑȒȐ
 ȕȍȗȖȓȕȖȏțȉȣȍ ȔțȘȈȊȤȍȌȣ ȉȘȖȕȍȕȖșȞȣ țȚȒȖȕȖșȣ ȍȝȐȌ-
ȕȣ
 șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȖȌȕț șȗȓȖȠȕțȦ ȈȘȔȐȦ ȕȍȗȘȐȔȐȘȐȔȣȝ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ǬȘț-
ȋțȦ ȚȈȒțȦ Ȏȍ ȈȘȔȐȦ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȗȘȍșȔȣȒȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȟȍȘȍȗȈȝȐ ȧȡȍȘȐȞȣ ȏȔȍȐ

ȏȍȔȕȖȊȖȌȕȣȍ ȎȈȉȣ ȓȧȋțȠȒȐ șȈȓȈȔȈȕȌȘȣ
 Ȑ Șȣȉȣ ǵȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ șțȝȖȗțȚȕȣȍ Ȑ
ȊȖȌȧȕȣȍ ȊȘȈȋȐ ȕȐȟȚȖ Ȋ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȣ ș ȗȍȘȕȈȚȣȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȈȦȚ ȕȈșȍȒȖ-
Ȕȣȝ Ȋ ȕȍȐȔȖȊȍȘȕȖȔ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍ ǵȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȖȚȌȍȓ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȝ
ȌȘȍȊȍșȕȣȝ ȗȚȐȞ Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȣ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȚȐȞ ȊȍșȤ ȗȐ-
ȚȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȔȐ ǩȣșȚȘȖȓȍȚȕȣȍ ȓȈșȚȖȟȒȐ Ȑ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȗȘȖȊȖȘȕȣȍ șȚȘȐȎȐ
ȗȘȖȋȓȈȚȣȊȈȦȚ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ Ȍȕȧ ȔȈșșț ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȥȚȖ șȈȔȣȍ ȓȖȊȒȐȍ ȐșȚȘȍȉȐȚȍȓȐ
ȒȖȔȈȘȖȊ Ȑ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȔȍȓȒȐȝ ȔțȠȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȖȕȐ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȓȖȊȧȚ ȕȈ ȓȍȚț
ǯȈȚȍȔ ȐȌțȚ ȗȖȌȖȘȖȎȕȐȒȐ, ȒȖȕȖȗȓȧȕȒȐ, șȕȍȋȐȘȐ, ȊȖȘȖȉȤȐ, ȎȈȊȖȘȖȕȒȐ, șȓȈȊ-
ȒȐ ȌȘȖȏȌȣ, ȚȘȧșȖȋțȏȒȈ Ȑ șȖȘȖȒȖȗțȚȣ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ șȈȎȈȦȚ ȎȐȊȣȝ ȎțȟȒȖȊ Ȑ ȠȔȍ-
ȓȍȑ ȕȈ Ȑȋȓȣ ȒȖȓȦȟȐȝ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ țȎȍ ȘȈȏȘȣȊȈȦȚ Ȑȝ Ȑ ȍȌȧȚ ǹȒȊȖȘȞȣ,
ȘȈȑșȒȐȍ ȗȚȐȞȣ, ȊȖȘȖȕȣ, ȋȈȓȒȐ, șȖȘȖȒȐ, ȒȖȓȐȉȘȐ, țȌȖȌȣ, șȐȏȖȊȖȘȖȕȒȐ Ȑ ȏȐȔȖ-
ȘȖȌȒȐ ȗȖȍȌȈȦȡȐȍ ȊȖȌȧȕȣȝ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȏȈȔȣȒȈȦȚ șȖȉȖȦ ȖȚȘȧȌ ȗȖȓȍȏȕȣȝ Ȍȓȧ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȌȘȍȊȍșȕȣȝ ȗȚȐȞ ȧȘȣȝ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ
DzțȒțȠȒȐ Ȑ ȌȧȚȓȣ ȐșȚȘȍȉȓȧȦȚ ȋțșȍȕȐȞ ȎȐȊțȡȐȝ Ȋ ȒȖȘȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ ǬȈȎȍ
șȘȍȌȐ ȧșȚȘȍȉȖȊ ȍșȚȤ ȓȦȉȐȚȍȓȐ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȚȈȒ ȗțșȚȍȓȤȋȈ ȗȖȍȌȈȍȚ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȣ
ȎțȒȖȊ ȝȘțȡȍȑ Ȑ Ț ȗ
ǶȌȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ șȐȕȐȞȍ Ȍȓȧ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ ȍȍ ȈȗȗȍȚȐȚȈ ȕțȎȕȖ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑ-
ȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȠȚțȒ  Țȓȍȑ ȐȓȐ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȏȍ ȧȐȟȍȒ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȐ DzȘȈșȕȖȝȊȖșȚȒȈ șȢȍ-
ȌȈȍȚ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ Ȍȕȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Țȣșȧȟ Ȕțȝ ȖȉȎȖȘȓȐȊȈȧ ȒțȒțȠȒȈ — ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȖȚ
ȔȖȝȕȈȚȣȝ ȋțșȍȕȐȞ, ȌȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȈ ȌȘțȋȈȧ ȗȚȐȞȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ
ǹȗțșȒȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȕȐȏȠȐȍ șȚțȗȍȕȐ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ ȞȈȘșȚȊȈ Ȋ ȔȐȘ șȈȔȐȝ Ȏȍ ȕȈșȍ-
ȒȖȔȣȝ Ȑ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȝ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȗȈțȒȖȊ Ȑ ȘȈȒȖȊ Ȕȣ ȕȈȑȌȍȔ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍȍ ȟȐșȓȖ
ȋȖȕȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȍ ȗȐȚȈȦȚșȧ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚ-
ȊȖ Ȏȍ Ȑȝ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȍȕȐȍȔ șȊȖȐȝ șȖȉȘȈȚȤȍȊ Ȑ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ ș ȚȈȒȐȔ ȘȊȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȔ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȘȈșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȞȈȘșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȖ șȊȖȐȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȕȐȍȔ
ǺȈȒȖȊȣ Ȑȏ ȎțȒȖȊ — șȒȈȒțȕȣ, ȝȐȡȕȐȒȐ, Ȋșȍ ȎțȎȍȓȐȞȍȊȣȍ — ȎțȎȍȓȐȞȣ
ȒȘȈșȖȚȍȓȣ șȒȈȘȐȚȣ Ȑ ȌȘ
 ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ — ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȍ șȐȓȤȕȣȍ șȔȍȓȣȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȘ-
ȕȣȍ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȍ ȓȤȊȣ Ȑ ȚȐȋȘȣ Ȋ ȞȈȘșȚȊȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ
ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȎȍșȚȒȖȒȘȣȓȣȍ ȝȐȡȕȐȒȐ ȎȐȊțȚ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȊȍȘȚȧȟ-
ȒȐ Ȑ ȗȓȈȊțȕȞȣ dzȐȟȐȕȒȐ ȥȚȐȝ ȎțȒȖȊ ȍȡȍ ȎȈȌȕȍȍ șȊȖȐȝ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȖȕȐ Ȋ ȉȍș-
ȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȈȝ ȗȖȋȓȖȡȈȦȚ ȊșȧȒȐȝ șȓȐȏȕȧȒȖȊ ȋȖȓȖȊȈșȚȐȒȖȊ ȋțșȍȕȐȞ
șȚȘȍȒȖȏ Ȑ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȔȍȓȒȐȝ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȓțȎ
ǰȏ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȕȟȈȚȖȒȘȣȓȣȝ ȝȐȡȕȐȒȖȊ Ȕȣ țȎȍ ȏȕȈȍȔ ȕȈȍȏȌȕȐȒȖȊ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȘȖȌȐ-
ȟȍȑ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȝȐȡȕȣȝ Ȗș ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȠȍȘȠȕȐ ȒȖȘ-

Ɂɨɥɨɬɢɫɬɚɹ ɠɭɠɟɥɢɰɚ
ȔȧȚ șȊȖȐȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȔțȝȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȖȌȕȐ ȗȖȓȤȏțȦȚșȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȌȕȐȔȐ Ȑ ȚȍȔȐ Ȏȍ
ȗȖȘȖȌȈȔȐ ȌȘțȋȐȍ Ȏȍ ȓȖȊȧȚ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȦȚșȧ ǵȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȇ ȕȐȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȉȣ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȊȏȌțȔȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȟȐșȓȐȚȤ Ȋșȍȝ ȠȍșȚȐȕȖȋȐȝ ǨȊȍȓȍȑ Ȑ
DzȈȐȕȖȊ ǬȈȎȍ ȕȍȏȓȖȉȐȊȣȍ ȕȈ ȊȐȌ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧ țȔțȌȘȧȦȚșȧ ȔșȚȐȚȤ șȊȖȐȔ ȊȘȈȋȈȔ
Ȑ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȈȦȚ ȕȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȟȍȔ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȍ ǶȌȕȐ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȒȘȣ-
ȊȈȦȚșȧ ȓȐȗȒȐȔ șȖȒȖȔ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȋȐȉȕțȚ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȣ ȎțȟȒȖȊ Ȑ ȔȖȠȍȒ ȌȘțȋȐȍ,
ȕȍ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȊȈȧșȤ ȖȉȖȘȖȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȘȖȓȤȦ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȧȚ Ȋ ȕȈșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȐȏȊȓȍ-
ȒȈȦȚ Ȑȏ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȗȖȓȍȏȕȣȍ ȐȔ șȖȒȐ ǵȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ Ȑȏ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȧȌ-
ȕȣȝ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ ǪȍȕȍȘȐȕȈ ȔțȝȖȓȖȊȒȈ, ȘȖșȧȕȒȈ, ȒțȊȠȐȕȒȈ, ȌȈȘȓȐȕȋȚȖȕȐȧ, ȕȍȗȍȕ-
Țȍș ǪȊȐȌț ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȈ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ ț ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖ Ȑȝ
ȋȐȉȕȍȚ ȕȍ țșȗȍȊ ȍȡȍ ȊȣȑȚȐ Ȑȏ ȓȐȟȐȕȖȒ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ Ȑȏ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ șȖȚ ȧȐȞ ȘȈȏȊȐ-
ȊȈȍȚșȧ ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȈ ȗȈȘȈ Ȉ ȚȖ ȖȌȐȕ ȓȐȠȤ
șȈȔȍȞ ȐȓȐ șȈȔȒȈ
ǴȖȎȕȖ ȉȍȏ ȗȘȍțȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȐȧ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȏȘȍȓȖȋȖ ȕȈ-
șȍȒȖȔȖȋȖ ȒțȗȓȍȕȖ ȞȍȕȖȦ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ ȐȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ șȖȚȍȕ ȍȋȖ ȉȘȈȚȤȍȊ Ȑ șȍșȚȍȘ.
ǶșȚȈȦȡȐȍșȧ Ȋ ȎȐȊȣȝ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ ȐȔ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖșȚȤ — ȞȊȍȚ șȊȖȍ-
ȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȥȚȖ șȈȔȣȍ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȍ șȈȔȣȍ șȗȖșȖȉȕȣȍ ȖșȖȉȐ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȏȈșȓțȎȐȊȈȦȡȐȍ
Țț ȒȈȗȓȦ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȊȣȗȈȌȈȍȚ ȕȈ Ȑȝ ȌȖȓȦ

ȅǮǿȀȊ II

74
DZșȎȐȎ ,
ȁDzǶǰǶȀdzǹȊǻǮȍ ǰȉǻǼǿǹǶǰǼǿȀȊ DzǰǮǴDzȉ
ǿǽǮǿdzǻǻȉǷ ǼȀ ǿǺdzǾȀǶ
ǹȍȘȌȞȍ șȎȐȔȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȐ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȗ ȔȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȈȝ ȋȐȉȕțȡȐȝ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ Ȑ Ȗ Țȍȝ
șȚȘȈȠȕȣȝ ȔțȟȍȕȐȧȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȐȔ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȗȍȘȍȕȖșȐȚȤ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȍ ȗȐȚȈȦȡȐȍ-
șȧ ȐȔȐ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȋȓȈȚȣȊȈȦȚ Ȑȝ ȎȐȊȤȍȔ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȍ ȕȍ țȔȐ-
ȘȈȍȚ șȘȈȏț Ȉ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȍȡȍ ȔțȟȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȎȍȓțȌȒȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȒȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ Ȏȍȓț-
ȌȖȟȕȖȋȖ șȖȒȈ Ȑ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ ȕȍ țșȒȖȘȧȚ ȍȋȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ
ǵȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ țȎȍ Ȗ ȎȍȘȚȊȈȝ ȕȈȍȏȌȕȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȗȈȘȈȏȐȚȖȊ ȧ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȊȖȍȑ
ȎȐȏȕȐ ȒȈȘȓȐȒȖȔ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȘȈȕȍȕȣȝ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ș ȘȈȏȔȖȏȎȍȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȊȣȊȖȘȖȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȖșȚȧȔȐ Ȑ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȟȓȍȕȈȔȐ Ȑ
ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȈȒȐȧ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ țȊȍȟȤȧ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȣȋȈȓȐ ȓȍȚȈȓȐ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȍȓȐ
ǭșȓȐ ț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȚȤ ȐȓȐ ȖȚȘȍȏȈȚȤ ȘțȒț Ȗȕ ȉțȌȍȚ ȔȍȚȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȉȖȓȐ Ȑ
ȕȍ ȗȖȌțȔȈȍȚ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȗ ȍȌȍ ǻ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȕȍ ȚȖ ǭșȓȐ ȒȖȔȈȘȈ șȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȕȖ-
ȋȐ Ȗȕ ȘȊȈȕȍȚșȧ ȘȈȏ-ȌȘțȋȖȑ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȊȐȊ ȌȊȍ-ȚȘȐ ȕȖȎȒȐ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȧ țȓȍ-
ȚȐȚ ȒȈȒ ȕȐ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȉȣȊȈȓȖ
ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȗȟȍȓț ș ȖȚȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȔ ȉȘȦȠȒȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ țșȍȘȌȕȖ ȊȣșȈșȣȊȈȓȈ șȖȒ
Ȑȏ ȞȊȍȚȒȈ ǶȕȈ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȓȈșȤ ȓȦȉȐȔȣȔ ȉȓȦȌȖȔ Ȑ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ șȊȖȍ țȊȍȟȤȍ ȕȈ
ȔȖȐȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȗȍȘȍȓȍȚȈȓȈ ș ȞȊȍȚȒȈ ȕȈ ȞȊȍȚȖȒ Ȑ șȖȉȘȈȓȈ ș ȗȧȚȐ ȐȓȐ ȠȍșȚȐ ȞȊȍȚ-
ȒȖȊ ȗȖșȐȓȤȕțȦ ȌȈȕȤ
Ǵȕȍ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȓȍȚ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȗȧȚȤ ȚȖȔț ȕȈ-
ȏȈȌ ȔȖȑ ȒȖȓȓȍȋȈ ȖȌȐȕ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ ȥȕȚȖȔȖȓȖȋ Ƕȕ ȐȏțȟȈȓ ȊȣȕȖșȓȐȊȖșȚȤ ȕȈșȍ-
ȒȖȔȣȝ Ȑ ȊȖ ȐȔȧ ȕȈțȒȐ ș ȉȍșȗȖȡȈȌȕȖșȚȤȦ ȗȈȓȈȟȈ ȖȚȘȍȏȈȓ ȐȔ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ
ȒȘȣȓȤȧ ǷȖ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧȔ ȉțȔȈȎȕȈȧ ȖșȈ ș ȖȚȘȍȏȈȕȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈ-
ȓȈ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȤșȧ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȈȝ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȟȈșȈ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȓȍȚȈȓȈ Ȑ ȓȐȠȤ
ȗȖ ȐșȚȍȟȍȕȐȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȖșȓȈȉȍȓȈ Ȑ țȗȈȓȈ șȖȘȖȒ ȟȈșȖȊ șȗțșȚȧ ȖȕȈ ȍȡȍ țȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȓȈ ȎȈȓȖ ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȗȘȐȒȈșȈȓȐșȤ ǴțȝȈ-șȒȖȘȖȓȍȚȒȈ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȈ-
ȒȖȑ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȐ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȈ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȉȖȌȘȖȋȖ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȧ ȖȕȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȤșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȏȈ ȕȍȐȔȍȕȐȍȔ ȋȓȈȏ Ȑ șȧȎȍȒ Dz țȚȘț șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȋȖ Ȍȕȧ
ȖȕȈ ȖȒȖȟȍȕȍȓȈ ȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ șȖȋȘȍȓȖ ȍȍ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȖȕȈ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȠȓȈ Ȋ șȍȉȧ Ȑ țȔȍȘȓȈ ȍȡȍ  ȟȈșȖȊ șȗțșȚȧ ǬȘțȋȖȑ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘ ȎȐȓ ȍȡȍ ȌȖȓȤȠȍ
ȟȈșȖȊ 
DzȘȖȔȍ țȊȍȟȐȑ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȊȣȕȖșȐȚȤ Ȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȝȖȓȖȌ ǴȕȖȋȐȍ ȊȐȌȣ
Ȑȝ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦȡȐȍ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȧ Ȗ ȠțȉȈȝ Ȑ ȗȍȟȒȈȝ ȗȘȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ
ȏȐȔțȦȚ ȗȖȌȖ ȔȝȖȔ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȦȚșȧ ȎȐȊȣȔȐ ȌȖ Ȋȍșȕȣ
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧ ȔȐȔȖ ȏȈȔȍȘȏȠȍȑ ȓțȎȐ ȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȒțșȖȒ
ȋȘȧȏȕȖȋȖ ȓȤȌȈ ǯȈȔȍȚȐȊ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȓȐȟȐȕȒȐ ȒȖȔȈȘȖȊ ȧ ȏȈȊȍȘȕțȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȗȓȈȚȖȒ ȗȖ-
ȕȍș Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ Ȋ șȚȈȒȈȕ DzȖȋȌȈ ȓȍȌ ȘȈșȚȈȧȓ ȧ Ȓ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȦ ȔȖȍȔț,
țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȓȐȟȐȕȒȐ ȔȖȐ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ
ǷȖȋȘțȎȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȊȖȌț ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȖșȚȈȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȉȍșȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ
șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ Ȑ ȗȖȗȈȊ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȒȖȘȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȧȚ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȥȚȖȔț

75
șȊȖȑșȚȊț ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȍ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȧȦȚșȧ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔț șȊȍȚț.
ǩȍȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊșȧȒȖȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȍ țȗȈȊȠȍȍ Ȋ ȊȖȌț ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ țȚȖȗȓȍȕȕȐȒȖȔ Ȉ ȔȍȎȌț
ȚȍȔ, ȖȕȖ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȔȕȐȔȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȣȊȈȍȚ ȌȍșȧȚȒȐ ȔȐȓȤ Ȑ ȊȣȉȘȖȠȍȕ-
ȕȖȍ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȖȎȐȊȈȍȚ ȅȚȐ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȣȍ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ
ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȟȈȡȍ ȊșȍȋȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȦȚșȧ ȊȍșȕȖȦ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȘȈȏȓȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȊȖȌȣ ȗȖȌȔȣ-
ȊȈȦȚ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȗȖȟȊȖȑ țȕȖșȧȚ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȏȈȘȣȚȣȝ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȑ
ǻșȕțȊ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ ȖȕȐ ȟȈșȚȖ ȗȘȖșȣȗȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȑ Ȑ ș țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȏȈ-
ȔȍȟȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȕȐȝ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȖșȤ ǶȕȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ
șȌȍȓȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȌȌȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȟțȎȖȋȖ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȈ ȟȚȖ ȘȖȌȕȈȧ ȏȍȔȓȧ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ȕȐȝ
ȝȖȚȧ ȏȈșȣȗȈȧ ȖȕȐ ȚȈȒ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȏȈȘȣȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȍ
ǹȓțȟȈȍȚșȧ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȟȚȖ ȥȕȚȖȔȖȓȖȋ ȕȈȒȖȓȍȚ ȏȈȝȓȖȘȖȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖ-
ȔȖȍ ȕȈ ȉțȓȈȊȒț Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ șȗțșȚȧ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȖ ȠȍȊȍȓȐȚșȧ ǴțȝȐ
Ȑ ȎțȒȐ ȖȎȐȊȈȦȚ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȕȐȧ ȌȖ -ȝ șțȚȖȒ Ȋ
șȗȐȘȚȍ.
ǫȖȓȖȌ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȍ ȗȍȘȍȕȖșȧȚ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȔȖȋțȚ șțȡȍșȚ-
ȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȉȍȏ ȗȐȡȐ ȞȍȓȣȔȐ ȔȍșȧȞȈȔȐ
ǪȖȖȉȡȍ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȚȖȚ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȑ ȜȈȒȚ ȟȚȖ ȗȓȖȚȖȧȌ-
ȕȣȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȍ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣ Ȓ ȋȖȓȖȌț ȕȍȎȍȓȐ ȚȘȈȊȖȧȌȕȣȍ
ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȝȐȡȕȣȍ ȗȖȘȖȌȣ șȈȔȖȑ șțȌȤȉȖȑ ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȈ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȣȍ ȌȖȓȋȐȍ
ȗȖșȚȣ ȌȖȊȖȌȧȚ șȊȖȦ ȊȣȕȖșȓȐȊȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȐ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȌȖ ȉȈșȕȖșȓȖȊȕȣȝ
ȗȘȍȌȍȓȖȊ ǰ ȋȖȓȖȌ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ șȖȒȘȈȡȈȍȚ Ȑȝ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȉ ȕȈȖȉȖȘȖȚ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ
țȌȓȐȕȧȍȚ ǵȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȔțȝȈ ȉțȌțȟȐ șȣȚȖȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȖȎȐȚȤ ȔȍșȧȞ,
ȋȖȓȖȌȈȧ Ȏȍ — ȗȘȖȎȐȊȍȚ ȗȖȓȋȖȌȈ Ȉ ȚȖ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ
ȅȚȖ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȔ Ȉ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, ȌȖȒȈȏȈȕȖ șȖȚȕȧȔȐ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȖȊ ȕȍ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑȏ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȕȖ Ȑȏ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȕȐȏȠȐȝ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔȖȊ
ǷȖȒȈȏȈȊ Țȍȉȍ ȕȍȗȘȐȋȓȧȌȕȣȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȧ șȟȐȚȈȦ șȊȖȐȔ ȌȖȓ-
ȋȖȔ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȚȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȒȈȎțȚ Țȍȉȍ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȐȘ Ȋ ȍȋȖ
ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȔ șȊȍȚȍ Ȑ șȔȧȋȟȈȚ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȍ ȒȘȈșȒȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȈșȍȒȖ-
Ȕȣȍ șȚȘȈȌȈȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȓȦȌȐ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȔ ȈȌȖȔ
ǵȖ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȔȍȘȐȚȤ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȕȈ șȊȖȦ ȔȍȘȒț
ǵȍȘȊȣ Ȑȝ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ Țțȗȍȍ ȕȈȠȐȝ Ȑ ȔțȝȈ ș ȖȚȖȘȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȕȖȋȖȑ șȚȘȈȌȈȍȚ ȕȍ ȉȖ-
ȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ țȒȖȓȖȊȠȐȑ șȍȉȍ ȗȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȅȚȐȔ țȘȈȊȕȖȊȍȠȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȋȘȖȔȈȌ-
ȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȑ ǼȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȔțȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȍȘȍȕȖșȧȚ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȍ
ȊȘȧȌ ȓȐ ȗȘȍȊȣȠȈȦȚ Ȋșȍ Țȍ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȍ Ȑ ȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȍșȍȚ ȉȍȏȘȖȗȖȚȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȖȍ
ǷȖȘȈ Ȕȕȍ, ȖȌȕȈȒȖ, ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȘȈșșȒȈȏț Ȗ șȊȖȐȝ ȏȓȖȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧȝ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȒȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜȣ Ȋ ȗȍȡȍȘȍ ȧ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȕȍȏȈȊȐȌȕȖȔ
Ǵȍȕȧ ȖȒȘțȎȈȓȈ ȕȍȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȍȔȈȧ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȈ Ȑ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȋȌȍ ȧ ȇ ȉȍȎȈȓ ș ȔȍșȚȈ
ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȧ, ȖȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟȕȣȔ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍȔ țȑȚȐ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȑ ȏȓȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖȑ ȗȍȡȍȘȣ șȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȓ ȚȖ ȕȈȓȍȊȖ ȚȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȖ șȗț-
șȒȈȓșȧ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȊȕȐȏ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȐȊȕȖ ȖȉȝȖȌȐȓ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȋȘȈȌȣ ȕȖ ȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȧ țȠȍȓ ȖȚ ȗȍȡȍȘȣ Ȑ ȕȐ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ șțȔȍȓ ȉȣ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ Ȓ
ȕȍȑ ǴȖȐ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȗȘȖșȗȈȚȤ ȕȖȟȤ Ȋ ȚȍȗȓȖȔ șțȝȖȔ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȐ ȘȈȏȓȍȚȍȓȐșȤ,
ȒȈȒ ȔȣȓȤȕȣȑ ȗțȏȣȘȤ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐȎȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ șȒȈȓȍ Ȑ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȌȖȎȐȌȈȚȤșȧ țȚȘȈ

76
Ƕ ȓțȟȠȍȔ ȕȖȟȓȍȋȍ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȉ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȍȍ ȉȓțȎȌȈȕȐȍ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖ-
Țȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖ ǶșȚȈȕȖȊȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐ ȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȒ șȊȖȍ-
ȋȖ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ȗȘȐșȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȓ șȒȈȓȍ Ȑ ȏȈȌȘȍȔȈȓ ǫȌȍ-ȚȖ ȊȉȓȐȏȐ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȒȊȈȒȈ-
ȕȤȍ ȓȧȋțȠȒȐ-ȟȍșȕȖȟȕȐȞȣ, ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȈ ȌȍȕȤ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȉ
ȕȖȟȤȦ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ ȕȈ ȖȝȖȚț ȏȈ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȔȐ
ǹȖȕ țȎȍ șȔȣȒȈȓ ȔȖȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ șȖȚȘȧ-
șȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȕȐȍ ȗȖȟȊȣ ȗȖȌ ȔȖȐȔȐ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ Ȑ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȝȘȐȗȓȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȓȧ-
ȋțȠȒȐ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȑ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȇ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȧ
ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȊȚȖȘȐȟȕȣȑ ȚȖȓȟȖȒ șȊȈȓȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ș ȕȖȋ ǺȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȇ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ șȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȍ ȓȧȋțȠȒȐ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ
ȏȈȠȍȊȍȓȐȓȈșȤ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȍȍ ȊȣȊȍȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑȏ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȘȈȏ-
ȉțȌȐȓȐ dzȧȋțȠȒȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȊ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȌȖȉȣȟț șȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȐ-
ȕțȓȈșȤ ȊȕȐȏ țȊȓȍȒȈȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ
ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ǷȖȘȣȊȖȔ ȊȍȚȘȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȌțȓȖ șȖ șȗȐȕȣ ȓȧȋțȠȒȐ

Ȑ ȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȈȌȈȦ ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ-ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ
ǿȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ — ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȦ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȌȈȎȍ ȒȈȒ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȘȖȓȍȎȈȓ ȧ ȉȍȏ
ȗȈȔȧȚȐ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȋ șȍȉȧ Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȖȓȕȣȠȒȖ țȎȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȋȘȍȊȈȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȇ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȖȚȧȎȍȓȍȊȠțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȘȐȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ ȋȌȍ ȧ Ǵȕȍ
ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȐȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȣ ȚȖ ȗȈȌȈȦȚ ȚȖ ȗȖȌȕȐ-
ȔȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȉȍșȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȐ ȒȈȒ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȍ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȟȒȐ Ƕȋ-
ȓȧȌȍȊȠȐșȤ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȓȍȎț ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȊȖȋȕțȚȖȔ ȓȐșȚȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȒȈȟȈȓșȧ ȗȘȐ ȊșȧȒȖȔ ȌțȕȖȊȍȕȐȐ ȊȍȚȘȈ ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ, ȧ Ȋ ȖȌȕț ȕȖȟȤ ȌȊȈ ȘȈȏȈ
șȗȈșșȧ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȧ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȔȖȋ șȋȖȘȍȚȤ Ȋ ȖȉȢȧȚȖȑ ȗȓȈ-
ȔȍȕȍȔ ȗȍȡȍȘȍ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȘȈȏ ȓȐșȚ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȐ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȐ Ȋ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤ ǪȗȘȖ-
ȟȍȔ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȔȖȋȓȖ șȓțȟȐȚȤșȧ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȝțȌȠȍȍ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȧ ȗȖȗȈȓ ȕȍ ȕȈ șȗȐȕț
ȓȧȋțȠȒȐ Ȉ Ȋ ȚȘȈȊț ȗȍȘȍȌ ȍȍ ȗȈșȚȤȦ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȓȐȟȐȓȈ ȉȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȎțȒȈ Ȑ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȔȖȧ ȒȖȕȟȐȓȈșȤ ȉȣ șȈȔȣȔ ȗȓȈȟȍȊȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ

78
DZșȎȐȎ II
ǰ ǽǹdzǻȁ ǻdzǼǴǶDzǮǻǻǼdz ǿǼǿdzDzǿȀǰǼ
ǷȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȎȈȎȌȈȓ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȑ Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȣȝ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȑ
ȕȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȕȍ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȗȖȚȘȧșȈȦȡȐȝ ȒȈȒ Țȍ ȒȈȒȐȍ Ȕȕȍ ȊȣȗȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȌȖȓȦ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ ȕȈșȚȈȓ ȏȕȖȑȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ǮȈȘȈ ȘȖșȓȈ ș ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȟȈșȖȔ
Ƕȋȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȓțȟȐ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȎȋȓȐ ȔȖȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȓȐ ȚȖȔȐȊȠțȦ Ȕȍȕȧ ȎȈ-
ȎȌț ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȤ șȍȉȍ ȒȈȒ ȊȣȚȧȕțȓȈșȤ ȔȖȧ ȜȐȏȐȖȕȖȔȐȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ țȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȕȍȊȖȓȍ dzȐșȚ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȧ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ ȊȣȘȈșȚȈȓ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ Ȑ
șȚȖȧȓ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȖșȚȘȖȊȖȒ ǷȖȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȠțȔȍȓ Șț-
ȟȍȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȊȌȊȖȑȕȍ ȕȍȕȈȊȐȌȍȓ Ȗȕ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȗȓȍȕț Ȑ Ȋ
ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȌȈȎȍ țȚȖȓȐȚȤ ȔȖȦ ȎȈȎȌț Ȉ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȌȘȈȏȕȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ.
ȇ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȚȐȋȘ Ȋ ȒȓȍȚȒȍ ȉȍȋȈȓ ȗȖ ȓȐșȚț Ȑ ș ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍȔ ȊȣșȔȈȚ-
ȘȐȊȈȓ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȓȐ ȒȈȒ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȘȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț ǵȖ țȊȣ Ȋșȍ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ǵȐ-
ȒȈȒȖȑ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȗȍȘȍȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖșȤ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȐȎȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȍȓȍȕȍȓ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȓȐșȚ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȗȍȘȍȉȘȈȚȤșȧ
ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȖȉȖșȖȉȓȍȕ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȚȖȚ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȧ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ǬȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ Ȏȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȈȎȍȕ ǵȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ȘțȟȤȧ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȈȓȈșȤ ȚȈ șȈȔȈȧ șȒȈȓȈ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ
șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓ șȊȖȑ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȖȓȍȚ ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȧ ȗȍȘȍȓȍȚȍȓ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț șȒȈ-
ȓȣ Ȑ ȗȖȗȈȓ Ȋ șȈȔțȦ șȍȘȍȌȐȕț ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȕȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȣșȚȘȖȋȖ ȘțȟȍȑȒȈ
ȅȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ Țȍȝ ȒȈȗȘȐȏȕȣȝ ȘțȟȍȑȒȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȖȚȕȧȔȐ ȚȣșȧȟȈȔȐ ȗȘȖ-
ȘȍȏȈȦȚ Ȋșȍ DzȈȘȗȈȚșȒȐȍ ȌȖȓȐȕȣ ǪȣșȖȚȈ ȊȖȌȣ ȏȈȊȐșȐȚ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȖȚ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȐȝ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȔȍȕ ȗȖȋȖȌȣ Ȑ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț ȔȍȕȧȍȚșȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȕȈ ȌȍȕȤ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȖȌȕȈ ȒȈȒȈȧ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȍȚȖȟȒȈ ȐȓȐ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ șȖȘȊȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ș ȋȖȘ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȦȚ ȊȖȌț Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȔȋȕȖ-
ȊȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ Ȑȏ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȊ ȐȓȐ Ȏȍ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȍȚ Ȋ ȌȘțȋțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț Ȑ ȕȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȖ-
ȒȐȌȈȍȚ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȍ ȘțșȓȖ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȌȖȎȌȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȓȐșȚȤȧ
șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȊȠȐȍ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȣȍ ȖșȚȘȖȊȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȓȐȚȣ ȊȖȌȖȦ Ȑ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣ ȗȍș-
ȒȖȔǶȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖȑ ȎȈȎȌȖȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ, ȧ ȚȍȘȧȓșȧ Ȋ Ȕȣșȓȧȝ Ȑ ȌȖȋȈȌȒȈȝ
ȒȈȒ Ȕȕȍ ȊȣȘȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȓȍȕȈ ȇ ȌțȔȈȓ ȌȈȎȍ ȟȚȖ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȌȊțȝ
ȐȓȐ ȗȖȋȐȉȕțȚȤ ȐȓȐ Ȏȍ ș ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȏȈȒȈȚȖȔ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȊȣȗȐȚȤ ȥȓȐȒșȐȘ Ȑ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ
Ȋ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǵȖ Ȋ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȊșȚȈȊȈȓ ȖȉȘȈȏ ȕȍșȟȈ-
șȚȕȖȋȖ ȓȖȘȌȈ ȘțȔȧȕȍȞ șȚȣȌȈ ȏȈȓȐȊȈȓ ȓȐȞȖ ȔȖȍ Ȑ ȌȖȉȘȣȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȉȘȈ-
ȓȐ ȊȍȘȝ ȕȈȌ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȖȔ șȈȔȖșȖȝȘȈȕȍȕȐȧ ȇ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ Ȑ ȥȚȖ
ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȐȍ ȗȖșȓȈȕȕȖȍ Ȕȕȍ șțȌȤȉȖȑ ǪȌȘțȋ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȚȍȕȤ țȗȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȖ ȇ
ȏȈȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓ ȊșȍȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȕȈȌ ȔȖȍȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȕȈ ȚȖȕȍȕȤȒȖȑ
ȕȐȚȖȟȒȍ ȊȐșȍȓȖ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȖșȤȔȐȕȖȋȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ǸȈșȚȖȗȣȘȐȊ șȊȖȐ ȖȋȘȖȔ-
ȕȣȍ ȕȖȋȐ ȖȕȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ șȗțșȒȈȚȤșȧ ȊȕȐȏ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȖȌȕȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȖȕȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈ ȔȖȍȔ ȓȐșȚȍ Ǫ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȐ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȖȋȖ ȊȐȏȐȚȈ ȧ șȢȍȎȐȓșȧ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ
ȒȘȈȦ ȓȐșȚȈ Ȑ Ȋȏȧȓ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȏȈȡȐȚȍ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ ȗȈțȒ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȒȖșȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȓȐșȚȈ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȗȖ șȚȍȉȓȦ
ȌȖ șȈȔȖȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȊȖȌȣ ǯȌȍșȤ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗȐȓ ȏȈȌȕȐȔȐ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ șȖȚȒȈȕȕțȦ

79
ȐȔ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȕȐȚȖȟȒț Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ
ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȕȈ ȓȐșȚ ǵȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧ ȕȈ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ,
Ȗȕ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȈțȚȐȕȍ ȕȈ-
ȊȍȘȝ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ǹȒȖȘȖ Ȗȕ
șȕȖȊȈ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȚȈȡȈ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ
ȌȘțȋțȦ ȕȐȚȤ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȘȖȉȍ-
ȎȈȓ ȕȈȌ ȘțȟȍȑȒȖȔ ȗȖ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȑ ȕȐ-
ȚȐ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȚȖȑ ȕȈȌ Șț-
ȟȍȑȒȖȔ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗȐȓ ȍȍ Ȓ ȒȈȒȖ-
Ȕț-ȚȖ șȚȍȉȍȓȤȒț ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȘțȟȤȧ
ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȗȕ ș ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ
ȘȈșȒȐȕțȓ ȍȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȗȍȘȍȟ-
ȕȣȝ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȤȕȣȝ ȕȐȚȍȑ Ȑ ȘȈȉȖ-
ȚȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈȟȈȚȈ
ȇ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȎț ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖ-
ȉȖȑ ȒȘȍșȚȖȊȐȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȈȟȐ-
ȕȈȍȚ ȚȒȈȚȤ șȊȖȐ șȍȚȐ ȅȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ țȚȍȠȐȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȏȕȈȓ
ȟȚȖ ȗȈțȒȐ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȡȐȍ ȚȒȈȚȤ ȗȈț-
ȚȐȕț șȓȈȉȍȦȚ Ȑ ȘȍȌȒȖ ȕȈȗȈȌȈȦȚ
ȕȈ ȌȖȉȣȟț ǺȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȍ ȉȘȖ-
ȌȧȟȐȍ — ȒțȌȈ ȝțȎȍ ǶȕȐ ȖȉȝȖȌȧȚ-
șȧ ȉȍȏ șȍȚȍȑ Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖ ȕȈȗȈȌȈȦȚ
ȕȈ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ǵȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȊȍȓȐȒȖ-
ȓȍȗȕȣȑ ȗȍșȚȘȣȑ șȒȈȒțȕȟȐȒ țȝ-
ȊȈȚȒȈȔȐ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ ȚȐȋ-
ȘȈ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȌȒȘȈȌȣ-
ȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȌȖȉȣȟȍ Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ
ȗȘȣȎȖȒ ȉȘȖșȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ǺȈȒȖ-
ȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȖȝȖȚț țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȦȚ ȗȖȟȚȐ
Ȋșȍ ȗȈțȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȓȏȈȦȚ ȗȖ
șȚȍȕȈȔ ȏȈȉȖȘȈȔ șȒȈȓȈȔ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ
ȞȊȍȚȈȔ
ǹȒȘȣȊȠȐșȤ ȗȖȌ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
ȓȐșȚȒȖȔ ȐȓȐ ȓȍȗȍșȚȒȖȔ ȖȕȐ ȚȍȘ-
ȗȍȓȐȊȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȦȚ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍȖșȚȖ-
ȘȖȎȕȈȧ ȔțȝȈ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚșȧ Ȓ ȕȐȔ,
Ȑ șȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȦȚ ȍȍ ș ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȦ ȔȖȓ-
ȕȐȐ
ȅȚȐȝ ȝȐȚȘȍȞȖȊ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȐȌȖȊ Ȑ
ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖ ȚȈȒ ȔȈȓȖ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȦȚ-
șȧ ȞȊȍȚȖȔ ȖȚ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȐȝ Ȑȝ
ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȖȊ ȟȚȖ ȐȔ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍȚ ȕȈ-
ȌȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȧȚȈȚȤșȧ — ȖȕȐ Ȑ ȉȍȏ

80
ȚȖȋȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȣ
ǺȈȒ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȈțȟȒȖȊ țȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȞȊȍȚȒȈȝ ȚȘțȌ-
ȕȖ ȖȚȓȐȟȐȚȤ ȗȖ ȞȊȍȚț ȖȚ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȒȈ ȗȈțȒȐ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȍȔȣȍ ȕȈ șȚȊȖȓȈȝ ȌȍȘȍ-
ȊȤȍȊ ȉȣȊȈȦȚ ȗȍșȚȘȖȊȈȚȖ-ȒȖȘȐȟȕȍȊȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ ȕȈ ȓȐșȚȤȧȝ — ȏȍȓȍȕȖȋȖ ȐȓȐ Ȏȍȓ-
ȚȖȊȈȚȖȋȖ
ǷȘȐ ȊȐȌȍ ȕȐȚȐ șȖȍȌȐȕȐȊȠȍȑ ȔȖȑ ȓȐșȚ ș ȉȍȘȍȋȖȔ ȧ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ șȈȔȖ ǷȘȖ-
ȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ ȗȖșȓȈȓȖ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȈțȒȈ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕ ȖȚ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ȧ
ȔȖȋ ȗȍȘȍȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȗȖ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȍ șȊȐȚȖȑ ȥȚȐȔ ȊȖșȤȔȐȕȖȋȐȔ ȈȒȘȖȉȈȚȖȔ
ǶșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȊȣȎȌȈȚȤ țȌȖȉȕȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȓȈȌȍȚȍȓȤ ȔȖșȚȈ șȖȉȓȈȋȖ-
ȊȖȓȐȚ țȌȈȓȐȚȤșȧ ǵȖ ȗȈțȒ ȗȘȍțȌȖȉȕȖ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȦ ȓȐșȚȈ Ȑ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ
ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȚȤ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȕȍ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȊȈȓ
ȇ ȊȐȌȈȓ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȈțȒȖȊ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȡȐȝ ȌȕȍȔ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȕȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȓ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȖȕȐ ȒȖȕȟȈȓȐ ȍȍ ȌȕȍȔ ǶȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȔȖȑ ȞȍȘȉȍȘ ȕȍ ȖȚșȚțȗȈȍȚ ȖȚ Ȗȉȣ-
ȟȈȍȊ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȖȘȖȌȣ Ȑ ȎȌȍȚ ȕȖȟȐ ǶȚ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȖșȚȈȚȤșȧ
ȌȖ ȕȖȟȐ ȕȈ ȓȐșȚȍ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȔȖȘȖȏ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȗȖ șȗȐȕȍ ȇ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȍȓ ȉȣ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ
ȏȔȍȑ ȝȐȡȕȣȝ ȗȚȐȞ Ȑ ȏȊȍȘȍȑ ȚȍȔ ȉȍșȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȒȘȖȊȖȗȐȑȞȈȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȧȊ-
ȓȧȦȚșȧ Ȋ șțȔȍȘȒȈȝ ȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȋȖȘȕȖȑ ȗȖȓȧȕȍ DzȘȖȊȖȗȐȑȞȈȔ ȥȚȐȔ ȐȔȧ — ȒȖȔȈ-
Șȣ Ǻȍ ȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȐ ȥȚȖȑ ȔȐȓȖȑ ȗȖȘȖȌȣ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȟȈșȣ Ȍȕȧ
ȕȖ șȈȔȣȍ ȓȦȚȣȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȧȚșȧ ȕȈ șțȔȍȘȒȐ Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑȏ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ țȋȓȖȊ Ȋȣȓȍ-
ȚȈȦȚ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ ȒȘȖȊȖȎȈȌȕȣȍ ȘȖȐ Ȑ Ȋșȧ ȥȚȈ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȧ ȘȈȏȘȈȎȈȍȚșȧ ȏȊțȒȈȔȐ Ȋ
șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȐ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȊȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȒȖȊ Ȋ șȚȍȗȐ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȉȣ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȑ ȗȍ-
șȍȕȒȖȑ
ǴȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȏȊțȒȐ ȒȖȔȈȘȐȕȣȝ ȒȘȣȓȤȍȊ șȓȐȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȖȋȓțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȋțȓ,
ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȌȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȍȔȣȑ ȔȖȡȕȣȔȐ țȌȈȘȈȔȐ ȒȘȣȓȤȍȊ ȎțȒȖȊ ǵȍ
ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȈȑ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȘȍțȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȦ — ȕȈȖȉȖȘȖȚ ȧ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȔȐ ȒȘȈșȒȈ-
ȔȐ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȦ Ȑȝ ǵȍțȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȒȈȒ Ȗȋȕȧ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȕȈȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ȒȖȔȈȘȖȊ
ȘȈȏ ȖȕȐ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ-
șȚȍȑ ǶȕȐ ȊȘȣȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȎȐȓȐȡȈ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȐ Ȋ ȗȖȓȍ Ȑ ȔȍȠȈȦȚ șȗȈȚȤ Ƞț-
ȔȖȔ șȊȖȐȝ ȚȖȕȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȒȘȣȓȤȍȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȍȓȈȦȚ ȖȒȖȓȖ  ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȑ Ȋ ȔȐ-
ȕțȚț
Ǫ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȉȖȓȖȚȐșȚȣȝ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȧȝ ȥȚȐ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȧȚșȧ ȐșȚȐȕȕȣȔ
ȉȐȟȖȔ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȓȍȚȈȦȚ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ ȘȖȧȔȐ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȚȔȍȊȈȦȚ șȖȉȖȦ șȖȓȕ-
Ȟȍ Ǫșȍ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȖȌȍȓȣȊȈȦȚ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȔ ȒȓȐȔȈȚȍ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕȖ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ș Țȍ-
ȔȐ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧȔȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȦȚ ȖȚ ȕȐȝ ȎȐȚȍȓȐ ȚȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒȐȝ șȚȘȈȕ ȇ ȟȐ-
ȚȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ ȒȖȔȈȘȣ-ȔȖșȒȐȚȣ ȎȈȓȧȚ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȒȖȎț ȖȉțȊȐ ǷțȚȍ-
ȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȐ Ȋ Ȑȕȣȝ șȚȘȈȕȈȝ ȗȘȐȕțȎȌȍȕȣ ȉȣȊȈȦȚ șȗȈȚȤ Ȋ ȔȍȠȒȈȝ ȕȖ Ȑ ȔȍȠ-
ȒȐ ȕȍ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȏȈȡȐȡȈȦȚ Ȑȝ ǵȐȒȈȒȈȧ ȖȌȍȎȌȈ ȕȐ ȗȓȈȚȒȐ ȕȐ ȗȍȘȟȈȚȒȐ ȕȍ ȔȖ-
ȋțȚ șȓțȎȐȚȤ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȏȈȡȐȚȖȑ ȖȚ ȥȚȐȝ ȒȘȖȊȖȗȐȑȞ ǶȕȐ ȏȈȓȍȏȈȦȚ ȏȈ ȊȖȘȖȚ-
ȕȐȒ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȊȈ ȗȘȖȗȖȓȏȈȦȚ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȍ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ Ȑ ȓȖȊȒȖ ȈȚȈȒțȦȚ șȓȈȉȍȑȠȐȍ
șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȧ
ǻȒțșȣ Ȑȝ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȏȓȖȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȒț Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȋȈȕȋȘȍȕț
ǶȌȐȕ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȖȑ ȊȘȈȟ Ȋ DzȘȣȔț ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ ȐȏȖȉȐȓțȦȡȍȑ
ȒȖȔȈȘȈȔȐ Ȗȕ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȧșȤ ȖȚ ȎȈȘȣ ȗȘȐȕțȎȌȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȍȝȈȚȤ Ȋ ȕȈȋȓțȝȖ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȖȑ
ȒȈȘȍȚȍ Ȑ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȕȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ȖȚ ȥȚȐȝ ȕȍșȕȖșȕȣȝ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȐȝ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȍȑ

81
Ǫ ȆȎȕȖȑ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȍ Ȋ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȖșȚȧȝ ȘȍȒȐ ǨȔȈȏȖȕȒȐ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȐ ȏȈ-
șȣȗȈȦȚ șȍȉȧ ȕȈ ȕȖȟȤ ȚȖȓșȚȣȔ șȓȖȍȔ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȧ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȖȓȖ-
Ȋț ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ țȒȘȣȊȈȦȚ ȗȓȈȚȒȈȔȐ
DzȖȔȈȘȣ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȖ ȕȍȟțȊșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣ ȒȈȒ Ȓ ȎȈȘȍ ȚȈȒ Ȑ Ȓ ȝȖȓȖȌț Ǫ șȚȘȈȕȈȝ
ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȝ ȖȕȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȍȡȍ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕȈȝ Țȍȗȓȣȝ Ǫ dzȈȗȓȈȕȌȐȐ
ȒȖȔȈȘȣ ȓȍȚȈȦȚ ȞȍȓȣȔȐ ȚțȟȈȔȐ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȖȉȓȈȒȈ ȌȣȔȈ dzȈȗȓȈȕȌȍȞ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȐ
ȍșȚȤ ȕȐ ȗȐȚȤ ȕȐ șȗȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȕȈȗțșȚȐȊ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȦȘȚȍ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȣȔȈ ȟȚȖ șȈȔ ȗȖȟȚȐ
ȏȈȌȣȝȈȍȚșȧ ǬȍȋȖȚȤ Ȑ ȊȖȘȊȈȕȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȓȈȗȓȈȕȌȞȣ ȖȉȔȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ șȍȉȧ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȖȝȘȈȕȧȦȚ Ȑȝ ȖȚ ȒȖȔȈȘȖȊ Ǫ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȧȝ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȐ Ȟȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȗȓȈȕȚȈȞȐȑ ȏȈȊȐșȐȚ Ȋ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȖȚ ȒȖȔȈȘȖȊ ǺȈȔ ȋȌȍ Ȑȝ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȖ ȎȐȚȤ Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ ȘțȒȐ ȞȍȕȧȚșȧ ȕȈ Ȋȍș ȏȖȓȖȚȈ
ǷȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒțȦ ȗȓȈȕȚȈȞȐȦ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȗȘȖȌȈȚȤ ȏȈ șȈȔțȦ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕțȦ șțȔ-
Ȕț ǭșȓȐ șȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȗȓȈȕȚȈȚȖȘȈ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȍȔț șȚȘȈȠȕȍȍ ȘȣȟȈȕȐȍ ȧȋțȈȘȖȊ
ȐȓȐ ȗȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȔȈȘȖȊ ȉȓȐȏȒȖȍ șȖșȍȌșȚȊȖ ȌȐȒȐȝ ȏȊȍȘȍȑ ȐȓȐ ȎȐȏȕȤ șȘȍȌȐ ȔȖșȒȐ-
ȚȖȊ Ȗȕ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȐȚȈȍȚ ȧȋțȈȘȖȊ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȏȈȡȐȚȐȚȤșȧ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ȘțȎȤȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȒ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȔȖșȒȐȚȈȔȐ Ȗȕ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ
ȉȍșșȐȓȍȕ
ǭșȓȐ ȒȖȔȈȘȣ ȚȈȒ șȚȘȈȠȕȣ Ȍȓȧ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȚȖ Țȣ ȔȖȎȍȠȤ ȓȍȋȒȖ
ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȑ țȎȈș ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȋȖ ȒȘȖȝȖȚȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȒȈ ȗȘȐ
ȔȣșȓȐ Ȗȉ Ȑȝ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȖȔ ȕȈȠȍșȚȊȐȐ Ȋ șțȔȍȘȒȐ ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȎȌȈȚȤ
ȓȐ ȗȖȒȈ ȗȈțȒ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚ șȊȖȑ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȖșȚ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ țȎȍ șȗțșȚȐȚȤșȧ ȗȖ
ȗȈțȚȐȕȒȍ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȐȓȐ Ȏȍ ȏȈșȚȘȍȓȐȚȤ ȗȈțȒȈ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȑȏ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȈ ȚȘțȌȕȖ
șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ ȕȈ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȍ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȌȈ Ȓ ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ Ȕȕȍ Ȑȏ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȠȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȗȐ-
șȚȖȓȍȚȐȒȈ Ȑ ȕȍ țȉȐȚȤ șȘȈȏț ȚȈȒȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ — ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍșȚȐ ȞȍȓțȦ ȒȈ-
ȕȖȕȈȌț ǵȖ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȚȤ ǷȖșȓȍ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȕȐȑ ȧ ȗȘȐ-
ȞȍȓȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȐȓ
ǹȊȍȘȠȐȓȖșȤ ȇ ș șȐȓȤȕȖ ȉȤȦȡȐȔșȧ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ ȊȗȍȘȐȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȋ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȊȘȈȋȈ ȕȖ,
țȊȣ Ȗȕ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȠȍȊȍȓȤȕțȓșȧ ȔȈȓȖ ȚȖȋȖ — Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȠȈȋȈȝ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȧ
țȊȐȌȍȓ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȗȈțȒȈ
ȇ țȏȕȈȓ Ȋ ȕȍȔ șȈȔȞȈ ȇ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȕȍ țȗȖȔȧȕțȓ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȊȠȐȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖ
Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȈțȒ ȉȣȓ șȈȔȒȈ ǻ ȥȚȐȝ ȒȘȖȊȖȎȈȌȕȣȝ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȑ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȖȌȐȕ ȒȘȈȑ-
ȕȍ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȣȑ ȖȉȣȟȈȑ Ȋșȍ ȚȘțȌȣ ȗȖ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȐȦ ȗȖȚȖȔșȚȊȈ ȓȍȎȈȚ ȐșȒȓȦ-
ȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈ șȈȔȒȈȝ ǹȈȔȞȣ Ȏȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȕȍȒȘȈșȐȊȣȍ ȝțȌȣȍ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ ȠȈ-
ȚȈȦȚșȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȍȏ ȌȍȓȈ Ȑ ȗȘȧȟțȚșȧ Ȋ șȈȔȣȝ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ țȋȓȈȝ ǹȈȔȒȐ
ȗȘȍȏȐȘȈȦȚ Ȑȝ Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȦȚșȧ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȋȘțȉȖ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ
ǯȕȈȧ ȥȚȐ ȖȉȣȟȈȐ ȧ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȔ șȚȈȓ șȓȍȌȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȖȉȖȐȔȐ ȗȈțȒȈȔȐ
ǹȈȔȍȞ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ Ȓ șȈȔȒȍ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȌȖȘȖȋȍ ǹȈȔ-
ȒȈ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ǹȈȔȍȞ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȑ
ȉȖȓȍȍ ȘȖȉȍȓ Ȑ ȚȍȘȧȓșȧ șȈȔȒȈ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍȊȖȏȔțȚȐȔȖȑ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȖȒȈ șȈȔȒȈ ȕȈȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȗȈțȒȈ Ȑ Ȗ
țȎȈș ȗȘȐȕȧȓȈșȤ ȍșȚȤ ȍȋȖ
ȇ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ ȇ ȖȚȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȖȚ ȊȖȏȔțȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ șȞȍȕȣ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ țȉȐȑȞȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȌȕȈ
Ǫșȍ ȓȐ șȈȔȒȐ ȗȈțȒȖȊ șȗȘȖșȐȠȤ Țȣ ȚȈȒ ȎȍșȚȖȒȐ" ǬȈ ȔȖȑ ȌȘțȋ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋșȍ ȏȈ
ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȐȝ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍ-

84
DZșȎȐȎ ,,,
ǰdzǿǻȍǻǸǶ ǿȀǾǮǻǻȉǷ ǼDZǼǻdzǸ
ǬȘțȋȖȋȖ ȐșȝȖȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǹȖȉȘȈȊȠȐșȤ ș ȌțȝȖȔ ȧ țȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȗȈțȚȐȕȕțȦ
ȕȐȚȒț Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț ǷȖ-
șȓȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ țșȐȓȐȑ ȊȖȓȕțȧșȤ Ȑ ȌȘȖȎȈ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ ȧ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȌȖȗȖȓȏ ȌȖ ȊȍȚȖȟ-
ȒȐ ȔȝȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȘȖș ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȘțȟȤȧ ǽȖȚȧ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ ȖȚ ȊȖȌȣ
ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȖȉȓȐȊȈȓȈ ȒȖȘȍȠȒȐ ȔȝȈ ȕȖ ȧ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȉȍȏȖȗȈș-
ȕȖșȚȐ ȇ țșȍȓșȧ ȔȍȎȌț ȌȊțȔȧ șȚȍȉȍȓȤȒȈȔȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȔȧȋȒȖȍ ȒȘȍșȓȖ Ȑ ȊȣȚȍȘ
șȊȖȍ ȊșȗȖȚȍȊȠȍȍ ȓȐȞȖ ǷȖȌȣȔȈȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȑȏ ȔȖȒȘȣȝ ȏȈȘȖșȓȍȑ ȊȓȈȎȕȣȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ
ȖșȊȍȎȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ǵȕȍ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȖȚȌȣȝȈ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȚȌȣȝȈ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȕȈȊȍȒȐ
Ǵȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȉȣȓȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ
ȇ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȟȈșȈ ȗȘȖșȐȌȍȓ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍȓȣȑ ǺȈȒȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ
ȟȈșȚȖ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȗȖșȓȍ șȐȓȤȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȑ ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȧ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȋ
șȍȉȧ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȗȘȐȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȖȒȘțȎȈȊȠȐȔ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȈȔ ȅȓȈșȚȐȟȕȣȑ șȚȍȉȍ-
ȓȍȒ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȧ șȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȒȘȍșȓȖȔ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȚȖ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȚȍȈ-
ȚȘȍ șȔȈȘȈȋȌȖȊȣȍ Ȏȍ ȒțȟȒȐ ȔȝȖȊ — ȌȍȒȖȘȈȞȐȧȔȐ șȞȍȕȣ ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȘȈșȝȈȎȐ-
ȊȈȓȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȋȍȘȖȐ Ȑ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȋȍȘȖȐȕȐ ǶȕȐ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȕȈ-
ȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧȝ Ȑ ȏȐȋȏȈȋȈȔȐ ȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȦ ǺȈȔ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȍșȕȧȕȒȐ Ȑ ȊșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎ-
ȕȣȍ șȚȘȍȒȖȏȣ Ǫșȍ ȖȕȐ ȒȈȒ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȚ Ȓ ȖȚȘȧȌț ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ șȍȚ-
ȟȈȚȖȒȘȣȓȣȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȦȚșȧ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȔȓȈȌȍȕȟȍșȚȊȍ ȗȖȌ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȓȐȟȐ-
ȕȖȒ ȊȍȌțȚ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȑ Ȑ ȘȈȏȉȖȑȕȐȟȐȑ ȖȉȘȈȏ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǮȐȊțȚ ȖȕȐ
Ȋ ȗȘȖȚȖȟȕȣȝ ȐȓȐ șȚȖȧȟȐȝ ȊȖȌȈȝ ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȓțȟȈȦȚ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ Ȋȣȑ-
ȚȐ ȕȈ șțȠț Ȑ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȓȍȋȒȐȝ ȒȘȣȓȈȚȣȝ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȑ ȊȣȘȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑȏ Țȍș-
ȕȣȝ ȗȍȓȍȕȖȒ
ǪȍșȕȧȕȖȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣ șȔȍȓȖ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȔȐ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȈȔȐ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȗȖ-
ȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȚ ȟȍȠțȑȟȈȚȖȒȘȣȓȣȝ ȒȈȒ șȓȖȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ
ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȞȊȍȚȕȣȔȐ ȊȖȓȖșȒȈȔȐ Ǫ șȚȈȌȐȐ ȓȐȟȐȕȖȒ ȖȕȐ ȎȐȊțȚ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ
ȐȕȈȟȍ ȕȍȎȍȓȐ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȣ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȝ ȉȈȉȖȟȍȒ ǶȕȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȐȡȕȣ Ȑ ȗȖȓȏȈȦȚ ȕȈ
Ȍȕȍ ȓțȎ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȣȝ ȘțȟȍȑȒȖȊ ȗȐȚȈȧșȤ ȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ ȒȘȖȝȖȚȕȣȔȐ șȖȏȌȈȕȤȐȞȈȔȐ ǭș-
ȓȐ Țȣ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȋȓȧȌȐȠȤșȧ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȑ ȘțȟȍȍȒ ȚȖ Țȣ ȏȈȔȍ-
ȚȐȠȤ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȍȋȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȝ ȒȘȖȠȍȒ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡȐȝ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȒțșȖȟȒȐ
ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȖșȒȖȓȒȐ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ ȅȚȐ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȍ ȕȈ ȊȐȌ ȗȈȓȖȟȒȐ ȐȓȐ ȒȖ-
ȔȖȟȒȐ — ȓȐȟȐȕȒȐ ȊȍșȕȧȕȖȒ ǪȣȕțȊ ȓȐȟȐȕȒț Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ Țȣ țȉȍȌȐȠȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ
ȎȐȊȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ șȒȘȣȚȖȍ Ȋ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȜțȚȓȧȘȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ țȓȐȚȒȈ Ȋ ȘȈȒȖȊȐȕȍ
ǫȖȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȒȖșȔȈȚȣȍ ȕȖȋȐ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȦȚ ȕȈȘțȎț ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȈȧ Ȏȍ ȟȈșȚȤ ȚȍȓȈ
șȒȘȣȚȈ Ȋ ȚȘțȉȒȍ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖȑ șȕȈȘțȎȐ ȊșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȖȔ ǹȓȖȊȕȖ șȘȍȌ-
ȕȍȊȍȒȖȊȣȑ ȊȖȐȕ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȏȈȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȉȘȖȕȦ ȊȍșȕȧȕȒȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȚȈȍȚșȧ
șȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȜțȚȓȧȘȖȔ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȧȟȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ ș ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ
ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȍșȕȧȕȒȐ ȗȘȐȒȓȍȐȊȈȦȚ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț ȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖȔț ȌȖȔȐȒț Ȓț-
șȖȟȒȐ ȚȘȈȊȣ țȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȧ ȍȍ ȚȖ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȚȖ ȗȖȗȍȘȍȒ ȚȖ ȊȒȖșȤ ǶȌȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȌȈ ȖȉȍȘ-
ȚȣȊȈȍȚ șȍȉȧ ȓȐșȚȖȔ, ȚȖȟȕȖ ȚȍșȍȔȒȖȑ ȌȘțȋȈȧ ȗȖȌȉȐȘȈȍȚ ȓȐșȚȖȟȒȐ ȒȘȖȠȍȟȕȣȍ

85
ȖșȒȖȓȖȟȒȐ ȒȈȔȍȠȒȐ ǼțȚȓȧȘ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȊȍșȕȧȕȒȐ șȖșȚȖȐȚ Ȑȏ ȚȖȕȒȖȋȖ șȓȖȧ ȘȖȊȕȍȕȤ-
ȒȐȝ ȗȍșȟȐȕȖȒ șȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȚȈȒțȦ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕțȦ ȔȖȏȈȐȒț ȟȚȖ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ
ȉțȌȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ șȈȔȖȑ ȓȐȟȐȕȒȐ ǬȘțȋȈȧ ȖȉȓȍȗȓȧȍȚ șȍȉȧ ȎȐȊȣȔȐ ȞȊȍȚȈ-
ȔȐ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ ș ȞȍȓȤȦ ȖȉȔȈȕțȚȤ ȏȖȘȒȐȑ ȋȓȈȏ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȧ ǪșȍȋȖ ȐȕȚȍ-
Șȍșȕȍȍ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȈȝ țȔȍȕȐȍ ȓȐȟȐȕȒȐ ȊȣȉȐȘȈȚȤ Ȑ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȚȤ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓ
ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȕȖșȕȣȑ ȌȖȔȐȒ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȍȔȍȕȧȍȚ ȍȍ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȓȍȋȟȍ Ȑ ȕȍ Țȧ-
Ȏȍȓȍȍ ȊȖȌȣ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȚȧȎȍȓȍȍ Ȗȕ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȖȉȘȍȔȍȕȧȓ ȉȣ șȊȖȦ ȝȖȏȧȑ-
Ȓț ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȉȣȓ ȓȍȋȟȍ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓ ȉȣ ȍȍ ȕȈȊȍȘȝ Ȑ ȔȍȠȈȓ ȉȣ ȍȑ ȗȖȓȏȈȚȤ ȗȖ
Ȍȕț ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ șȊȖȍ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ ȊȍșȕȧȕȒȍ șȓțȟȈȍȚșȧ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȖȠȐȉȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ
ȗȖșȚȘȖȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȜțȚȓȧȘȟȐȒ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔ ȐȓȐ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȓȍȋȒȐȔ ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ
ȖȕȈ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ" ǷȘȐȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȍ ȉȘȖșȈȍȚ ȐșȗȖȘȟȍȕȕțȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȗȘȐȕȐ-
ȔȈȍȚșȧ ȏȈ ȕȖȊțȦ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒț" ǵȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȖ ȞȍȕȐȚ șȊȖȑ ȚȘțȌ Ȑ ȕȍ ȓȦ-
ȉȐȚ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȚȘȈȚȐȚȤ șȐȓȣ ǭșȓȐ ȌȖȔȐȒ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȚȧȎȍȓ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȓȍȗȓȧȍȚ ȋȌȍ
ȕȈȌȖ ȒțșȖȟȍȒ șȖȓȖȔȒȐ ȐȓȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȈȍȚ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖȍ ȘȈȊȕȖȊȍșȐȍ ȍșȓȐ
Ȗȕ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȓȍȋȖȒ ȖȕȈ ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȚ șȊȖȦ ȖȠȐȉȒț ȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȖȔ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȒȐ ȒȈȔȍ-
ȠȒȈ ǬȖȔȐȒ șȊȖȑ ȊȍșȕȧȕȒȈ șȚȘȖȐȚ ș ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ ȓȈȗȖȒ Ȑ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȐșȚȖȑ ȗȈțȚȐȕȒȐ
ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȍȚ Ȑȏ ȘȖȚȐȒȈ ǶȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȏȈȒȖȊȣȊȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ ș
ȕȐȎȕȍȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȚȍȓȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȖȊ ȖȒȈȕȟȐȊȈȍȚ ȊșȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț ǺȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȓȐ-
ȟȐȕȒȈ ȘȈșȚȍȚ ȚȖ ȍȑ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȚȍșȕțȦ ȒȍȓȤȦ Ȑ
șȚȘȖȐȚȤ ȕȖȊțȦ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȍȚ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ ȖȒțȒȓȍȕȐȧ ǪȍșȕȧȕȒȈ ȗȘȐȞȍȗȓȧȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȒȈȔȕȦ ȐȓȐ
Ȓ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȦ ȗȘȧȟȍȚșȧ Ȋșȧ ș ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ Ȋ ȜțȚȓȧȘ Ȑ ȊȍȘȝȕȍȍ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ ȗȖ-
ȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȐșȚȖȑ șȍȚȒȖȑ Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȘȐȓȍȗȓȧȍȚ ȒțșȖȟȍȒ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȘȖȌȍ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȍ-ȚȘȐ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȌȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȚȖȟȍȕȐȧ ȖȕȈ ȘȈȏ-
ȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȜțȚȓȧȘ Ȑ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ ȖȚȚțȌȈ Ȋ ȖȉȘȈȏȍ ȉȍȓȖȊȈȚȖȋȖ ȕȍȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȓȐȊȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȊȧȟ-
ȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ȗȓȈȊȈȍȚ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ ȟȈȡȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȒȍ ȗțșȒȈȧ Ȋ ȝȖȌ șȊȖȐ
ȕȖȎȒȐ șȕȈȉȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȐȒȈȔȐ ȅȚȖ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ ȒțȒȖȓȒȐ
ȖȉȓȈȌȈȦȡȍȑ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤȦ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȤșȧ DzȈȒ Țȍȉȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȒțȒȖȓȒȐ ȎțȒȖȊ ȉȈ-
ȉȖȟȍȒ Ȕțȝ Ȑ ȗȟȍȓ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣ Ȑ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȐ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȏȕȧȚșȧ ȖȚ
șȍȚȟȈȚȖȒȘȣȓȣȝ ǪȊȐȌț ȥȚȐȝ ȊȈȎȕȣȝ ȖȚȓȐȟȐȑ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȖȚȘȧȌȈ ȕȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȔȐ ș ȗȖȓȕȣȔ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍȔ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ Ȏȍ — ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȔȐ ș
ȕȍȗȖȓȕȣȔ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍȔ Dz ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔ ȒȘȖȔȍ șȍȚȟȈȚȖȒȘȣȓȣȝ ȗȘȐȟȐșȓȧȦȚ
ȗȘȧȔȖȒȘȣȓȣȝ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȎȍșȚȒȖȒȘȣȓȣȝ ǪȍȘȕȍȔșȧ Ȓ ȒțȒȖȓȒȍ ȊȍșȕȧȕȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ
ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȊȗȖȓȏȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȖȌȧ-
ȕȖȍ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȍ ǵȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȍȍ ȓȖȊȒȐ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȣ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȕȐ
ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȍțȒȓȦȎȐ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȓȐȊȣ ȒȘȖȠȍȟȕȣȍ ȕȖȎȒȐ ȍȍ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȗȘȐșȗȖșȖȉȓȍ-
ȕȣ Ȍȓȧ ȝȖȌȤȉȣ DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȖȉșȣȝȈȍȚ ȖȚ ȊȖȌȣ ȒȖȎȐȞȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ ȊȏȌȣȔȈȍȚșȧ ȗțȏȣ-
ȘȍȔ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȓȖȗȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȒȍ ǰȏ ȥȚȖȑ ȡȍȓȖȟȒȐ ȊȣȝȖȌȧȚ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ
ȒȘȣȓȣȠȒȐ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ țșȐȒȐ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȖȎȒȐ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȍ ǷȘȖȏȘȈȟ-
ȕȈȧ ȒȖȎȐȞȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ șȖȝȘȈȕȧȍȚ șȊȖȦ ȜȖȘȔț Ȑ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ
ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȊȣȓțȗȐȊȠȍȑșȧ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȖȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȍȚ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ
ȗȘȍȎȕȧȧ ȒțȒȖȓȒȈ ǵȖ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȊȍȚȍȘ țȕȖșȐȚ ȒȖȎȐȞț Ȉ ȊȍșȕȧȕȒȈ ȕȍ ȌȊȐȋȈȍȚșȧ
ȗȖȒȈ ȍȍ ȟȓȍȕȣ ȕȍ ȖȒȘȍȗȕțȚ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȖȊ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȎȍȓȚȖȊȈȚȖ-
șȍȘȣȑ ȞȊȍȚ ǷȐȡȐ ȖȕȈ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȘȖȚ ț ȕȍȍ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȊȐȚ ǬȕȍȔ
ȊȍșȕȧȕȒȐ șȒȘȣȚȣ ȗȖȌ ȓȐșȚȤȧȔȐ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ Ȏȍ ȖȕȐ ȊȣȓȍȚȈȦȚ ȖȚȚțȌȈ Ȑ ȋțșȚȣȔ

ȘȖȍȔ ȒȘțȎȈȚșȧ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȊȍșȕȧȕȒȐ Ȋȍșȍȓȣ ȕȖ ȒȘȈȚ-
ȒȐ ǹȈȔȒȈ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȒȓȈȌȍȚ ȕȈ ȊȖȌȍ ȧȐȟȒȐ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȕȣȍ șȚțȌȍȕȐșȚȖȑ ȔȈșșȖȑ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȈȧ șȓțȎȐȚ ȊȣȓțȗȐȊȠȍȔțșȧ ȟȍȘȊȧȟȒț ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȗȈȕȞȐȘȍȔ Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ țȔȐȘȈȍȚ ȕȈ
ȓȍȚț ȗȈȌȈȧ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ȊȖȌț ȋȌȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȌȖȉȣȟȍȑ Șȣȉ
ǵȈșȚțȗȐȓȈ ȕȖȟȤ ǿȍȔ ȚȍȔȕȍȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ ȚȍȔ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȓȍȚȈȓȖ ȕȈȌ ȊȖȌȖȑ
ȕȖȟȕȣȝ ȉȈȉȖȟȍȒ Ȑ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȔȖȠȍȒ ȇ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȉȣȓȖ ȓȍȟȤ șȗȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȗȖ-
ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȓȈȉȣȑ ȖȋȖȕȍȒ ȇ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȗȖȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȧȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȐ șȊȍȚȧȡȍȍșȧ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȍ ȐȓȐ ȋȕȐȓȖȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȖ" ǵȖ ȕȍȚ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ
ȉȣȚȤ ȕȐ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȌȘțȋȖȍ
ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ șȊȍȚ ȐșȝȖȌȐȓ ȖȚ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȌȊȐȋȈȓșȧ ȉȣ Ȑ ȐȔȍȓ ȉȣ ȋȖȓțȉȖȊȈ-
Țȣȑ ȖȚȚȍȕȖȒ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ șȊȍȚȐȓȈșȤ ȋȕȐȓțȠȒȈ șȊȍȚ ȉȣȓ ȉȣ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȧȘȖȒ ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ
ȥȚȖ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȌȘțȋȖȍ
ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ" ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ ȓȖȘȌ ǷțȞȒȐȕș" ǴȣșȓȤ ȥȚȈ ȒȈȒ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȚȖȒ ȗȘȖ-
ȉȍȎȈȓȈ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ șȓȈȉȍȦ ȖȚ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ǵȖȋȐ ȔȖȐ ȗȖȌȒȈ-
ȠȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȐȏȉȣȚȒȍ ȟțȊșȚȊ ȧ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ǵȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȕȈ Ȍț-
Ƞȍ Ȑ Ȑȏ ȋȘțȌȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȊȣȘȊȈȓșȧ ȏȈȋȓțȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȌșȚțȗȈȊȠȐȔȐ Ȓ ȋȖȘȓț șȓȍȏȈȔȐ
ȒȘȐȒ «ǹȓȈȊȈ Țȍȉȍ ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ»
ǯȊțȒ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȖȚȘȍȏȊȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȋ Țț șȚȖȘȖȕț ȋȌȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ
ȚȍȔ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ șȊȍȚ Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȘ ȚȈȔ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȍȔȕȖ ȚȍȔȕȖ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț

87
DZșȎȐȎ ,9
ǽǹǮǺȍ. ǿǶDZǻǮǹ ǽǼdzDzǶǻǼǸ
ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ Ȏȍ ȧ ȖȠȐȉșȧ" ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȔȐȕțȚț ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔ ȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȧșȕȖ
ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȖȋȖȕȍȒ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȌȈȎȍ țȉȍȎȌȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȖȋȖȕȍȒ ȥȚȖȚ ȉȣȓ ȖȚȊȍȚȖȔ ȕȈ
ȔȖȑ șȐȋȕȈȓ ǺȍȔȕȈȧ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȓȈ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ǺȍȔ
ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ, ȧ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȖ ȊȗȍȘȐȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȋ ȖȒȘțȎȈȊȠȐȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȔȘȈȒ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȕȈȉ-
ȓȦȌȈȚȤ Ȑ ȎȌȈȚȤ
ǵȍȘȊȣ ȔȖȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȣ Ȑ ȧ șȒȖȘȖ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȖȋȖȕȍȒ ȕȖ
țȊȣ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȓȐȠȤ ȖȉȔȈȕ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ
ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȐ ȟȈșȈ ȗȖȒȈ ȧ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȉȍșȞȍȓȤȕȖ
ȚȍȘȧȦ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ǹȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȌȈȚȤ ȖȚȊȍȚȕȣȑ șȐȋȕȈȓ Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȎȌȈȚȤ
ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȏȕȈȒȖȊ ǵȖ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒȖȑ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȋȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȍȓȧ
ȘȈȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȗȋȕȧ ȇ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȓȖȔȈȓ ȉȣ șȍȉȍ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ
ȌȖȉȘȣȑ Ȍțȝ ȕȍ ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȐȚȤ ȍșȓȐ ȗȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚ DzȓțȉȈ ȟț-
ȌȈȒȖȊ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȉȓȐȏȐ Ȗȕ țșȓȣȠȐȚ ȔȖȑ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓ ȇ țȎȍ ȊȏȊȍȓ ȉȣȓȖ ȒțȘȖȒ
ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȔȐȋ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȘțȒț
ǪȌȈȓȐ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȒȘȈșȕȖȍ ȗȓȈȔȧ ǹȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȓȖȘȌ ȎȐȊ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȒȖșȚȍȘ ȇ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȍ ȖȉȍȏțȔȍȓ ȖȚ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ǪȣșȚȘȍȓȐȊ ȕȈ
ȊșȧȒȐȑ șȓțȟȈȑ ȧ șȚȈȓ ș ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȒȖșȚȘȈ
ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, ȗȓȈȔȧ Ȋșȍ ȘȖșȓȖ Ȑ ȘȖșȓȖ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȖ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȣ ȟȚȖ
ȧ țȎȍ ȕȈȟȈȓ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȕȖ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȌȍȓȖȔ ȘțȒ ȓȖȘȌȈ ǷțȞȒȐȕșȈ

88
Ǫ ȌȖȓȐȕȍ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ Ȋșȗȣȝȕțȓ ȗȖȎȈȘ ȏȈȓȐȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȍȔ ȊșȦ ȖȒȘȍșȚ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ǵȖ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȚȈȔ ȋȖȘȍȚȤ" ǵȍ ȔȝȐ Ȏȍ Ȑ ȋȘȈȕȐȚ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȓȖȘȌ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȊȐȌȧ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȤ șȐȋȕȈȓȈ șȖȉȐȘȈȓ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȋȖȘȦȟȐȍ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȣ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ
ȞȍȓȖȑ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȌȖȓȤȠȍ ȍȔț ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣ șȖȉȘȈȚȤ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȌȖșȚȈ-
ȚȖȟȕȖȍ, ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȣȏȊȈȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȧȘȒȖȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȗȓȈȔȧ ȇ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȍȡȍ
ȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȋȘȖȏȕțȦ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȗȋȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȧȏȣȒȐ șȚȈȓȐ ȉȓȍȌȕȍȚȤ Ȑ țȔȍȕȤ-
ȠȈȚȤșȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȊșȗȣȝȕțȓȐ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȔȍȘȒȓȐ Ȑ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȊ ȍȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ șȖ-
ȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȋȈșȓȐ
ȇ ȕȍ țȔȍȓ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȐ ȕȖ ȕȍ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ
ȘȈȏȊȍȓ ȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȑȏ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȏȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȓȐȠȤ ȓȖȘȌ ǷțȞȒȐȕș ȔȖȋ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ
ȥȚȖȑ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ ȇ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖȔ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȖȔ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȐ ȟȚȖ ȊșȦ
ȕȖȟȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȖȔȒȕțȚȤ ȋȓȈȏ ǿȈșȣ ȠȓȐ ș ȚȖȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ǶȒȖȓȖ ȗȖ-
ȓțȕȖȟȐ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȊȍȚȍȘ Ȑ ȉȍșȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖ țșȐȓȐȊȈȧșȤ șȒȖȘȖ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȕȈșȚȖȧ-
ȡțȦ ȉțȘȦ ǩțȘȧ ȌțȓȈ ȗȖȘȣȊȈȔȐ ȏȈȚȐȝȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȕȈȉȍȋȈȓȈ ș
șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ ȠțȔȖȔ ȘȍȊȖȔ Ȑ șȊȐșȚȖȔ ǫțșȚȖȑ ȓȍș ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ ȘȈșȒȈȟȐȊȈȓșȧ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ
șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȐȉȈȓșȧ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȐ ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȋ ȌȊȈ ȟȈșȈ ȕȖȟȐ Ȑȏ șȊȐȕȞȖȊȣȝ
Țțȟ ȕȈȋȕȈȕȕȣȝ ȥȚȐȔ ȊȐȝȘȍȔ ȝȓȣȕțȓ ȗȘȖȓȐȊȕȖȑ ȌȖȎȌȤ ȓȐȊȠȐȑ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ țȚ-
ȘȈ ǪȍȚȍȘ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȕȍ țȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȑ ȏȈȘȐ ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȏȈ ȕȖȟȤ ȇ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ
ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȍ ȏȈȉțȌț Ǭȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȕȈșȚȖȧ-
ȡȐȑ ȗȖȚȖȗ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȌȕȈ ȚȣșȧȟȈ ȒȘȖȝȖȚȕȣȝ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȑ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȈ ȏȈ ȥȚț ȕȖȟȤ
Ǭȓȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȌȖȎȌȤ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ șȖȉȣȚȐȍ ȕȍ-
ȎȍȓȐ Ȍȓȧ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȏȍȔȓȍȚȘȧșȍȕȐȍ ȐȓȐ ȕȈȊȖȌȕȍȕȐȍ
ǺȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȔț șȓțȟȈȦ ȗȖȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȚȊȍȘȌȣȑ ȓȐșȚ Ȑ ȊȍȘȝ-
ȕȐȍ ȓȐșȚȤȧ, șȓȖȊȕȖ ȏȖȕȚȐȒȐ, ȏȈȡȐȡȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȚȖ ȧ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȉȓȈ-
ȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȕȍș ȕȍȗȖȋȖȌț ȕȖ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȌȖȎȌȧ ȧ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ țȑȚȐ
Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȋȖ țȉȍȎȐȡȈ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ș ȊȍȘȝȕȐȝ ȊȍȚȖȒ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ șȚȍȒȈȓȐ ȒȘțȗȕȣȍ ȌȖȎȌȍ-
Ȋȣȍ ȒȈȗȓȐ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȍ ȗȘțȌȣ Ȑ Ȟȍȓȣȍ Ȗȏȍ-
ȘȈ dzȐȠȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȖșțȠȐȓȖ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȗȖȌ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤȦ ȌȖȎ-
Ȍȧ ȓȐșȚȤȧ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȋȖȘȌȖ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓȐșȤ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓșȧ ȘȈșșȚȈȚȤșȧ șȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȔȠȐșȚȣȔ
ȒȘȍșȓȖȔ Ȑ ȗțșȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȗțȚȤ ǪȔȍșȚȍ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȊȣȓȍȏȈȓȐ Ȑȏ șȊȖȐȝ ȕȖȟȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȦ-
ȚȖȊ ȗȖȓțȔȍȘȚȊȣȍ ȖȚ ȐșȗțȋȈ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȍ
ǷȖȋȖȌȈ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȖȎȌȧ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȟțȌȍșȕȈȧ ǬȍȕȤ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ ȉȣȚȤ ȏȕȖȑȕȣȔ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȋȟȍ-
ȘȈȠȕȐȑ
ǭȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȗțȚȍȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȍȔ Ȓ ȔȍșȚț ȗȖȎȈȘȐȡȈ șȓțȎȐȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ
ȗȐȝȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȧ ȍȡȍ ȕȈȒȈȕțȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ Ȋ ȚȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȋȌȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȗȓȈȔȧ
ȇ ȎȍȓȈȓ ȐȔȍȚȤ Ȋ Țț ȔȐȕțȚț ȒȘȣȓȤȧ ȗȚȐȞȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋ ȖȌȕț șȍȒțȕȌț ȗȍȘȍȓȍ-
ȚȍȚȤ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȧȊȠȍȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕȈ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ
ȗȍȠȒȖȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ ȓȍȋȒȐȔ ȌȍȓȖȔ ȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȓ ȘȈȏȓȐȊȠȐȑșȧ
ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȖȎȌȧ ȘțȟȍȍȒ ȚȖ ȝȖȓȔȐȒ ȚȖ ȚȘȧșȐȕȈ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȖȓȋȐȝ țșȐȓȐȑ ȧ
ȌȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ȌȖ ȔȍșȚȈ ȋțșȚȖ ȏȈȘȖșȠȍȋȖ ȔȝȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖȊȒȈȔ ȔȝȖȊ șȓȖȊ-
ȕȖ ȗȖ ȔȖșȚț ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȌȖȠȍȓ ȌȖ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȐȧ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȘȈȏȊȍȘ-
ȕțȓȈșȤ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ
ǹȓȍȊȈ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȓȈșȤ ȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ ȋȘȈȕȐȚȕȈȧ șȚȍȕȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȖȉȍȓȐșȒ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕț-
Țȣȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȊȍȓȐȒȈȕȈ ǶȉȍȓȐșȒ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȍȕȕțȦ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ șȚȍȕț
ȗȖȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȉȣȓȖ șțȝȖ Ȑ ȚȍȕȐșȚȖ ȌȖȎȌȤ Ȑ ȏȕȖȑ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȝ ȓțȟȍȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȈ-

89
ȓȐ șȦȌȈ Ǫ ȚȍȕȐ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȍȕȣ șȊȍȘȝț ȌȖȕȐȏț ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȔȖȝȖȔ ȘȖșȓȐ ȊșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎ-
ȕȣȍ ȚȘȈȊȣ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȍ ȗȈȗȖȘȖȚȕȐȒȐ
Ǫșȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ș ȗȘȈȊȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖ ȋȓȈȌȒțȦ ȘȈȊȕȐȕț ȓȐȠȍȕ-
ȕțȦ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȘȈșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȊȠțȦ Ȕȍȕȧ șȊȖȐȔ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȔ șȍȘȖȊȈȚȖ-
ȟȍȘȕȣȔ ȒȖȓȖȘȐȚȖȔ ȇ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ ȍȡȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȖ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȗȘȐșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒ
ȊȌȘțȋ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȔȖȑ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȍȘȚȣȝ ȉȍȏȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȣȝ Ȕțȝ
ǵȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȖȌȈȓȤ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȚȘțȗȣ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȕȖȟȕȣȝ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ Ǫșȍ ȖȕȐ ȒȈȒ-
ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ șȒȖȘȟȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȍȡȍ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓȐșȤ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȐ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐǴȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ șȒȖȘȍȑ țȑȚȐ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȋȖ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȈ Ȑ ȧ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȌȈȓȤ-
Ƞȍ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȖȉȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȚȘțȗȣ ǵȖ ș ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȠȈȋȖȔ ȧ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ Ȑȝ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȑ
ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȌ ȋȘȈȕȐȚȕȖȑ șȚȍȕȖȑ DzȘȖȊȤ ȏȈșȚȣȓȈ ț
Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȎȐȓȈȝ ǯȍȔȓȧ Ȑ ȔȝȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȉțȒȊȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣ șȓȖȍȔ ȌȖȋȖȘȈȦȡȐȝ ȒȖ-
ȔȈȘȖȊ ȔȖȠȍȒ ȕȖȟȕȣȝ ȉȈȉȖȟȍȒ Ȑ ȎțȟȒȖȊ dzȐșȚȤȧ ȗȈȗȖȘȖȚȕȐȒȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈșȣȗȈ-
ȕȣ ȔȈșșȖȑ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ ȐȓȐ țȔȐȘȈȦȡȐȝ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ
ǵȈȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț șȋȖȘȍȊȠȐȍ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȕȐȒȠȐȍ șȚȍȉȓȐ Ȑ șȒȖȘȟȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȓȐșȚȤȧ
ȧșȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȋȘȖȏȕȣȔȐ șȚȖȗȈȔȐ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȇ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ
ȥȚȖ ȔȍșȚȖ ȊȟȍȘȈȠȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȎȈȘȈ ǸȈȏȔȍȘȣ ȒȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜȣ ȐȏțȔȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ
ȖȉȕȧȚȤ ȋȓȈȏȖȔ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ ȗȖșȚȘȈȌȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȖȚ Ȗȋȕȧ ǺȈȒȖȑ ȗȖȎȈȘ ȔȖȋ
ȉȣȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍȓȖȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ ȘțȒ Ȑ ȘțȒȐ ȥȚȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȘțȒȐ ȓȖȘ-
ȌȈ ǷțȞȒȐȕșȈ
ȀȈȋȈȝ Ȋ șȚȈ ȖȚ ȔȍșȚȈ ȋȌȍ ȧ șȚȖȧȓ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȔțȘȈȊȍȑȕȐȒ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȗȘȖ-
ȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ǴțȘȈȊȤȐ ȗȖȔȐȕțȚȕȖ ȊȣȕȖșȐȓȐ
ȕȈȘțȎț ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ ȔțȘȈȊȤȍȊ Ȑ ȖȚȕȖșȐȓȐ Ȑȝ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȌȘțȋȐȝ
Ȏȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȍȡȍ ȠȍȊȍȓȐȓȐșȤ ȖȕȐ țȕȖșȐȓȐ Ȋ șȊȖȍ ȗȖȌȏȍȔȍȓȤȍ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ șȍȘȌȞȍ
șȎȈȓȖșȤ ȖȚ ȉȖȓȐ Ȑ ȎȈȓȖșȚȐ
ǪȟȍȘȈ ȍȡȍ ȏȌȍșȤ ȒȐȗȍȓȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȍ ȚȍȓȤȞȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȓȕȣ
șȐȓ Ȑ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȑ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȧȊȐȓșȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ, șȈȔȖȓȦȉȐȊȖȍ Ȏȍ-
șȚȖȒȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȐșȚȘȍȉȐȓ Ȑ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȓ
«DzȈȒȖȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȤȍ ȚȧȋȖȚȍȍȚ ȕȈȌ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ — ȌțȔȈȓ ȧ ș ȋȖȘȍȟȤȦ — ȟȚȖ
ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȠȈȋ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȔȍȟȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍȔ ȌȘțȋȐȝ»
Ǫ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȔȖȍȔ ȗȖȌȣȔȈȓȖșȤ ȏȓȖȉȕȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȗȖ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ȓȖȘȌț ǷțȞ-
ȒȐȕșț «DzȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȎȍșȚȒȐȑ ȉȍșșȍȘȌȍȟȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ — ȌțȔȈȓ
ȧ — ȘȈȏ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ ȘȍȠȐȔȖșȚȐ ȗȖȋțȉȐȚȤ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȣȝ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȑ ȘȈȌȐ
șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȗȈșȍȕȐȧ DzȈȒ ȔȖȋ Ȗȕ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȚȈȒȐȔ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ ȔțȒȈȔ ȎȐȊȣȍ șț-
ȡȍșȚȊȈ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȎȐȊȣȝ ȜȈȒȍȓȖȊ ȌȈȚȤ ȏȕȈȚȤ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ȎȈȓ-
ȒȖȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȐ»
ȇ ȍȡȍ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȓ ȉȣ ȖȚȟȈșȚȐ ȍȋȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȖȉȣȒ-
ȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȘȖșȚȈ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȐȚȈȦȡȐȔ ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȐȍ ȒȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȥȚȖȑ ȍȓȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖȑ
ȔȍȓȦȏȋȍ ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ Ȗȕ șȈȔ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȊȍȌȤ Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌȎȐȋȈȍȚ
ȕȍ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȒțșȖȟȍȒ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ȉ ȞȍȓțȦ ȏȈȘȖșȓȤ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȕțȦ șțȡȍșȚȊȈȔȐ ȘȈȊȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȍȔț ȗȖ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȍ ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȖ ȗȖȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ș ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤȦ
șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ƞȍȓ șȗȈșȈȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȥȋȖȐșȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȎȐȋȈȍȚ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȎȐ-
ȊȖȚȕȣȝ Ȑ ȏȈȉȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ țȎȈșȕȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ Ȑȝ ȈȋȖȕȐȐ
Ǩ ȧ-ȚȖ ȕȈȐȊȕȣȑ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌȈȦ ȘțȒț ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț

90
ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȔȖȍ ȒȐȗȍȓȖ ȋȕȍȊȖȔ ǫȌȍ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ ȕȐȏȒȐȑ ȏȓȖȌȍȑ" Ƕ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȉȣ Ȕȕȍ ȍȋȖ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȇ șȒȈȎț ȍȔț ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȘȍȏȐȘȈȦ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ țȑȌț Ȉ ȍȋȖ ȖșȚȈȊȓȦ ȕȈ șȢȍȌȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȏȊȍȘȧȔ
ȇ ȖȉȖȠȍȓ ȒȘțȋȖȔ șȒȈȓț ȏȊȈȓ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȋȖȘȓȖ ȕȖ ȉȍȏțșȗȍȠȕȖ ȖȟȍȊȐȌ-
ȕȖ ȏȓȖȌȍȑ ȗȖȋȐȉ ȊȔȍșȚȍ șȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȎȍȘȚȊȈȔȐ ǷȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȖ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȘȖ-
ȕȐȓȖ Ȋ ȔȖȦ ȌțȠț ȐșȒȘț ȎȈȓȖșȚȐ Ȓ ȓȖȘȌț ǷțȞȒȐȕșț ǻȎ ȕȍ țȔȐȘȈȍȚ ȓȐ Ȗȕ ȋȌȍ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȉȓȐȏȐ" Ǫșȍ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȏȈșȓțȎȐȊȈȍȚ șȖșȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ
Ȑ Ȋ șȓțȟȈȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȗȘȐȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȍȕȐȧ
ȇ ș țȌȊȖȍȕȕȣȔ țșȍȘȌȐȍȔ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȗȖȐșȒȐ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȠȈȋȈȝ Ȋ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȐ
ȗȖȌ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȔ ȓȐșȚȖȔ țȊȐȌȍȓ șȖȋȉȍȕȕțȦ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒțȦ ȜȐȋțȘț ǶȕȈ șȐȌȍȓȈ ȕȈ
ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȖȑ ȗȍșȟȐȕȒȍ ȒȊȈȘȞȈ ȖȉȓȖȒȖȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ȓȖȒȚȧȔȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȣȊ ȓȐ-
ȞȖ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍ ȚȖ șȗȈȓȈ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȌțȔȈȓȈ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒțȦ ȌțȔț ǵȈ
ȥȚȖȔ ȒȘȖȠȍȟȕȖȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȒȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈȌȍȚȈ ȜȓȖȚșȒȈȧ ȒțȘȚȒȈ ȞȊȍȚȈ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȊȖ-
Ȍȣ ș ȒȘțȗȕȣȔȐ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ ȒȓȍȚȒȈȔȐ Ȑ șȊȍȚȓȖ-ȎȍȓȚȣȍ ș ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȓȖșȈȔȐ
ȉȘȦȒȐ ǶȒȖȓȖ ȕȍȋȖ ȓȍȎȈȓ șȊȍȘȕțȚȣȑ Ȑ ȏȈȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȘȍȔȕȐ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȒȓȍȚȟȈ-
Țȣȑ ȗȓȍȌ ǫȖȓȖȊț ȍȋȖ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȈ șȊȍȚȓȈȧ ȠȓȧȗȈ ȖȉȊȐȚȈȧ ȉȍȓȣȔ ȊțȈȓȍȔ ȕȐș-
ȗȈȌȈȊȠȐȔ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȚȣȓȖȒ Ȑ ȗȓȍȟȐ ȅȚȖȚ ȟȐșȚȖ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ ȒȖșȚȦȔ țȉȍȌȐȓ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȦ ȓȖȘȌȈ ǷțȞȒȐȕșȈ

91
«ȅȚȖ Ȗȕ — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȧ — ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ-ȚȖ» ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȗȖȌȖȑ-
ȚȐ ȓȐ Ȕȕȍ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȐȓȐ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȗȖȒȖȍ ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȔȖȍ șȚțȟȈȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȓȖȚ
ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȓȖȘȌȈ ȘȖșȓȖ Ȑ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȌȍȓȖȔ ȏȈȧȊȐȚȤ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ
Ȗȕ ȕȐȏȒȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
— ǴȐȓȖșȚȐȊȣȑ ȋȖșțȌȈȘȤ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȧ ȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ
«ǹȗȐȚ Ȗȕ — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȧ — ȐȓȐ țȔȍȘ"» ȇ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȉȍȏțșȗȍȠȕȖ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȧ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȘțȒț ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȓȍȟȖ
— ǹȥȘ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȧ ȐȏȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȐȓ ȗȖ-ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐ. — Ǫȣ ȎȐȊȣ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ"
ǵȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȖȚȧȎȍȓȍȊȠțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ șȊȖȍ
ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ
— ȇ ȎȐȊ — ȋȓțȝȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ — DzȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȚ"
— Ǩ ǪȈȔ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȧ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓșȧ ȊȈȔ" ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȊȈȔȐ ǰȊȈȕ Ǵț-
ȝȖȓȖȊȒȐȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȐȉȣȓ șȦȌȈ ș ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȗȈșȚȐ ȊȈș ȕȖ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȔȐ-
ȕțȚȣ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȐȓ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȍ
dzȖȘȌ ǷțȞȒȐȕș ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȊȈȎȕȖ șȕȧȊ Ƞȓȧȗț ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȕȖ ȊȍȎȓȐ-
ȊȣȔ ȚȖȕȖȔ
— ǶȟȍȕȤ ȊȈȔ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȍȕ ȏȈ ȊȈȠț ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȋȣ Ȕȕȍ
șȖȖȉȡȐȚȍ ȍȡȍ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ"
— ǵȍȚ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȖȌȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȎȈȓȍȦ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓșȧ ș ȊȈȔȐ
dzȖȘȌ ǷțȞȒȐȕș ȋȖȘȌȖ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȐȓșȧ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ șȊȍȘȒȕțȓȐ ȋȕȍȊȖȔ Ȑ ȉȘȖȊȐ ȋȘȖȏ-
ȕȖ șȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ
— ǴȐȓȖșȚȐȊȣȑ ȋȖșțȌȈȘȤ ȉțȌȤȚȍ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȣ Ȋ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȧȝ ȍșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȗȖȘȧ-
ȌȖȟȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
— ȇ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șțȌȈȘȤ Ȉ Ȋȣ Ȋ ȔȖȐȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȕȍ ȏȈșȓțȎȐȊȈȍȚȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȧ
dzȖȘȌ ǷțȞȒȐȕș ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȓ ȋțȉȣ ȍȋȖ ȌȘȖȋȕțȓȐ Ȗȕ șȔȍȘȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ
ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȑ ȊȖȓȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȝȓȣȕțȓȈ Ȕȕȍ Ȓ ȓȐȞț Ȑ ȖȚȟȍȒȈȕȐȊȈȧ ȒȈȎ-
Ȍȣȑ șȓȖȋ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— Ǫȣ ȓȎȍȚȍ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȚȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ ȏȈ șȊȖȐ
șȓȖȊȈ
— ǴȖȋț ȊȈȔ ȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȥȚț ȟȍșȚȤ — ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȧ șȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȧ șȊȖȑ ȋȕȍȊ — Dz ȊȈ-
ȠȐȔ țșȓțȋȈȔ
— ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ ȊȈș — ȗȘȖȞȍȌȐȓ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ.
— ǺȈȒ ȒȈȒ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȑ ț ȕȈș ȕȍȚ ȚȖ Ȋȣ șȈȔȐ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȤ țșȓȖȊȐȧ Ȍțȥ-
ȓȐ.
— ǷȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ǸȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ ȍșȚȤ ț ȊȈș"
— ǭșȚȤ
— ǷȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȖ ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȉțȌȍȔ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤșȧ
— ǷȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ ȍȡȍ șȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȊȈș șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȈȠȐ ȗȈȚȘȖȕȣ ȐȔȍȦȚ Ȋ ȌȐȈȔȍȚȘȍ"
— ǬȍȊȧȚȤ ȔȐȓȓȐȔȍȚȘȖȊ
— Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ Ȕȣ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȔț ȔȖȍȔț șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȦ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȔ.
— ǪȖȚ ȒȈȒ ǵȈ ȗȖȗȧȚȕȣȑ
— ǵȍȚ ǪȈȠ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȒȈȓȐȉȘȈ ǴȖȑ — șȍȔȐ ȔȐȓȓȐ-
ȔȍȚȘȖȊ
— ȅȚȖ ȗțșȚȧȒȐ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȍșȓȐ Ȋȣ șȟȐȚȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȑ ȒȈȓȐȉȘ ȊȣȋȖȌȕȍȍ

ȚȖ ȧ ȖȝȖȚȕȖ ȊȖȏȤȔț ȊȈȠ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ
— ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ
— ǶȚȟȍȋȖ"
— ǷȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȧ ȐșȚȘȈȚȐȓ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȗȈȚȘȖȕ
— ȅȚȖ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ǿȚȖ Ȏ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ" ȅȝ ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ ǩȘȖșȐȔ ȎȘȍȉȐȑ ȒȚȖ ȊȣȚȧȕȍȚ
țȏȍȓȖȒ ȚȖȚ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȐȚ ȚȘȐ ȘȈȏȈ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȠȈȋȖȊ ǰȌȍȚ"
— ǬȈ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȇ ȎȍȓȈȓ ȉȣ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖșțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȍȍ ǵȖ ȘȈȏ Ȋȣ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȓȈȋȈȍȚȍ ȚȈȒȐȍ țșȓȖȊȐȧ ȟȚȖ Ȏ ȧ șȖȋȓȈșȍȕ
— ǴȖȎȍȔ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȚȤ"
— DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ
— ǷȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ǹȖȋȓȈșȐȚȍșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ Ȓ ȓțȟȠȍȔț Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȔ ȓțȟȠȍȔ Ȑȏ ȔȐȘȖȊ
ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȗȐȚȒȈ ǵțȘȍȌȌȐȕȈ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȒȚȖ Ȗș-
ȚȈȕȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȎȐȊȣȝ ȚȖȚ ȊȣȗȤȍȚ ȥȓȐȒșȐȘ Ȑ ș șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȑ șȖȊȍșȚȤȦ ȊȍȘȕȍȚșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ
ǹȈȔȈ șțȌȤȉȈ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȈȍȚ ȕȈȠ șȓȖȎȕȣȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș
ȇ ȊȣȉȘȈȓ ȔȍșȚȖ ȖȚȔȍȘȐȓ ȠȈȋȐ dzȖȘȌ ȚȍȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ȏȈȘȧȎȈȓ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ DzȖ-
ȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȋȖȚȖȊȖ ȧ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȕȈ ȕȖșȖȊȖȔ ȗȓȈȚȒȍ țȏȍȓȖȒ Ȑ șȎȈȊ Ȋ ȒțȓȈȒ ȌȊȈ
ȒȖȕȟȐȒȈ ȗȓȈȚȒȈ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȓȖȘȌț ȊȣȉȘȈȚȤ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ
— DzȈȒ Ȋȣ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚȍ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ țȏȍȓȖȒ? — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ
ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȔȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ
— ǪȣȉȍȘȐȚȍ Ȑ Ȋȣ țȏȕȈȍȚȍ
— ȇ ȉȍȘț ȓȍȊȣȑ ȒȖȕȟȐȒ Ȑ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȉȐȚȤșȧ Ȗȉ ȏȈȒȓȈȌ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ș țȏȍȓȒȖȔ ǽȖȚȐ-
Țȍ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȗȈȘȐ?
— ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȔȐȓȖșȚȐȊȣȑ ȋȖșțȌȈȘȤ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋ ȚȈȒțȦ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț
— Ǭȓȧ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕȈ ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧȡȐȑ Ȍȓȧ ȗȈȘȐ ǻșȓȖȊȐȧ Ȏȍ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ ȧ ȝȖȟț ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȏȈșȓțȎȐȊȈȦȚ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ
— ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ ȊȈș — ȧ ȕȍ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒ ȌȖ ȗȈȘȐ
— ǰ Ȋȣ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚȍșȤ"
— ǸȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
— Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ, ȗȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ ȊȏȧȚȤ ȓȍȊȣȑ ȒȖȕȟȐȒ
— ǹ țȏȍȓȒȖȔ
— ǪȐȌȐȚȍ ȇ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȟȚȖ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊ Ȋ ȐȋȘȍ ǹȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȗȈȘȐ — șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ ȓȖȘȌ Ȑ ȊȣșȔȖȘȒȈȓșȧ ș ȚȈȒȐȔ șȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȍȔ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȠȓȖ ȕȍ Ȗ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȕȈș
ǭȋȖ ȝȓȈȌȕȖȒȘȖȊȐȍ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȈȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ șȚȖȧȓ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȘȈșȒȈȓȍȕȕȣȝ țȋȖȓȤȧȝ
ȇ ȏȈȉȣȓ ȟȚȖ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȔȖȐ șȖȟȚȍȕȣ ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȊȣȊȖȌȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑȏ șȍȉȧ șȊȖȐȔ
șȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȍȔ

93
DZșȎȐȎ V
ǹǮǸǼǺǼdz ǯǹȌDzǼ DZdzǻǶǮǹȊǻǮȍ ǺȉǿǹȊ.
ǻǮDzȁȆdzǻǻȉǷ ǺǼȀȉǹdzǸ
dzȖȘȌ ǷțȞȒȐȕș șȗȘȧȚȈȓ Ȋ ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒ ȔȖȐ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȊȠȐt Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȘȈș-
ȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ șȓțȟȈȑ ȔȖȍȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȕȣ șȚȈȓȐ yȈ șȊȖȐ ȔȍșȚȈ Ȑ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ
ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȌțȓȖ ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȈ ȊȍȘȕȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȍ Ȋ ȔȖȦ ȋȘțȌȤ
ȇ ȊȊȍȘȐȓ ȌțȠț șȊȖȦ ǩȖȋț Ȑ ȉȍșșȚȘȈȠȕȖ șȚȖȧȓ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȊȘȈȋȈ «ǫȖș-
ȗȖȌȐ — ȗȘȖȕȖșȐȓȖșȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ. — ǴȖȋ ȓȐ ȧ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȚ șȈȔȣȑ
ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȧ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓșȧ Ȍȓȧ șȗȈșȍȕȐȧ ȓȖȘȌȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȐȔ Ȏȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕ
ȗȘȖȚȐȊ Ȕȍȕȧ"»
dzȖȘȌ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȘȐȞȍȓȐȊȈȓșȧ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ țȎȍ ȌȊȖȐȚȤșȧ
Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȍ ȖȌȕȖ Ȉ ȌȊȈ ȌțȓȈ Ǵȍȕȧ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȉȘȖșȐȓȖ Ȋ ȎȈȘ Ȑ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ
ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȠțȔȍȓȖ
— DzȖȕȟȈȑȚȍ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȧ
— ǹȍȑȟȈș — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȖȗțșȒȈȧ ȘțȒț — ǵȖ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ șȗȘȖșȐȚȤ
ȊȈș ȏȈ ȟȚȖ, șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ, ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȧ ȊȈș țȉȐȚȤ" ȇ Ȋ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȧșȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȕȐȔȈȦ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȟȍȋȖ Ȕȣ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȌȘȈȚȤșȧ

94
ȇ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȇ ȎȌȈȓ ȟȍȋȖ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȐȊȕȖȋȖ
ȊȖȗȘȖșȈ dzȖȘȌ, ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȊȖȗȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ
Ȕȍȕȧ
— ǭșȓȐ ȊȈȔ ȎȍȓȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȘȖȌȓȐȚȤ ȔȖȦ ȗȘȍȌșȔȍȘȚȕțȦ ȈȋȖȕȐȦ ȚȖ ȧ
ȌȖȓȎȍȕ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȕȐȏȒȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȕȍȌȖșȚȖȑȕȖȍ ȏȊȈȕȐȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
— ǵȈ ȟȍȔ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȖșȕȖȊȣȊȈȍȚȍ șȊȖȍ șȚȘȖȋȖȍ șțȎȌȍȕȐȍ" ǪȍȌȤ Ȕȣ ȍȡȍ ȚȈȒ ȕȍ-
ȌȈȊȕȖ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓȐșȤ
— ǪȖȚ ȊȖȚ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȈȔȐ ȗȖȌȓȖșȚȐ — ȊșȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȧ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ
ȕȈ șȒȖȘȟȐȊȠȐȝșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌșȔȍȘȚȕȣȝ ȔțȒȈȝ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ
dzȖȘȌ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț
— ǵț-ș Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȟȍȋȖ Ȕȣ ȌȍȘȍȔșȧ ȐȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ șȚȈȚȤ ȕȈ
șȊȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ DzȖȕȟȐȔ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȥȚț ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕțȦ șȞȍȕț
— ǵȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ Ȋ ȊȈș Ǫȣ ȉȣȓȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȈȊȣ ȖșțȎȌȈȧ Ȕȍȕȧ
Ȑ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȏȈ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȋȐȉȕțȚȤ ǷȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȓțȟȠȍ ȗȖȎȈȚȤ ȊȈȠț ȘțȒț Șț-
Ȓț ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȓȐȉȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ
— ǶȌȕȈȒȖ șȥȘ
— ǷȘȖșȚȐȚȍ ǹȊȖȍȦ ȕȍțșȚȘȈȠȐȔȖșȚȤȦ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȓȐȞȖȔ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȋȣ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐ Ȕȕȍ
ȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȔțȎȍșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌșȚȊȈ ȇ ȗȘȍȒȓȖȕȧȦșȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȈȔȐ
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ
— Ǫȣ ȧ ȌȖȋȈȌȣȊȈȦșȤ ȏȈȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ țȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖșȚȐ
— ǹȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȊȍȘȕȖ
— ǬȍȓȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȉȣȓ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȋȖȘȌ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȕȐȏȖȑȚȐ ȌȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȑ ǪȗȘȖ-
ȟȍȔ Ȋȣ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓȐ ȉȣ Ȕȕȍ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȑ șȖȟȓȐ ȉȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȘțșȖȔ
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ Ȋȣ ȗȖȋțȉȐȓȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȥȚȐȝ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȝ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ" — ȊșȒȘȐȒ-
ȕțȓ ȧ
— ǵȍȚ ȥȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȇ ȏȈȎȍȋ ȓȐȠȤ ȒțșȚȐȒ ȔȝȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȊȈȠ
șȐȋȕȈȓ ȕȖ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȗȖȌȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȖȋȖȕȍȒ Ȑ ȏȈȎȍȋ ȐȔ Ȋșȍ șțȝȐȍ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧ ȉȣȊ-
ȠȐȍ ȊȉȓȐȏȐ ǵȈșȍȒȖȔȣȍ șȋȖȘȍȓȐ ȖȚ ȈȌșȒȖȋȖ Ȗȋȕȧ ș ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȦ ȔȖȓȕȐȐ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȊ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ
— Ǫȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ ȗȘȈȊȌț" — ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȊșȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓ ȘțȒț șȊȖȍȔț ȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȊȕȐȒț
— ǷȖȚȖȔȖȒ ǷțȞȒȐȕșȖȊ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȓ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȉȍȏțȔșȚȊ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȖ ȓȖȎȤȦ Ȗȕ ȕȍ
ȏȈȗȧȚȕȈȍȚ șȊȖȍ șȓȈȊȕȖȍ ȐȔȧ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȊȣȗȘȧȔȓȧȧșȤ ȊȖ ȊȍșȤ ȘȖșȚ.
ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȧ Ȕȣ ȋȖȘȧȟȖ ȗȖȎȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȘțȒȐ
Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ ȏȈȉȣȓȐ ȕȍȌȖȘȈȏțȔȍȕȐȍ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȍ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȊȠȍȍșȧ ȚȘȈȋȐȟȍșȒȐ
Ǵȣ țșȍȓȐșȤ ȗȖȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȖȚ ȔȍșȚȈ ȒȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜȣ Ȋ țȦȚȕȖȔ ȚȍȕȐșȚȖȔ țȋȖȓȒȍ Ȑ ȚțȚ
ȗȖșȣȗȈȓȐșȤ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ȗ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȚȣȝ ȖȉȖȐȔȐ ȕȈȔȐ ȏȓȖȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧȝ Ǵȣ
Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȠȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǶȒȖȓȖ ȗȖȓțȌȕȧ ȓȖȘȌ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ȗ ȍȌȍ
— ȇ ȟȍȘȚȖȊșȒȐ ȋȖȓȖȌȍȕ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ǹȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȉȣ ȗȖȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȗ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȍ
Ǫȣ ȟȚȖ ȍȌȐȚȍ"
— ǿȚȖ șȓțȟȐȚșȧ ǷȍȘȊȣȍ ȌȕȐ ȧ ȗȐȚȈȓșȧ ȗȘȐȗȈșȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓ ș șȖ-
ȉȖȑ ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ Ȏȍ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ȧ ȎȐȓ ȓȐȠȤ ȞȊȍȚȖȟȕȣȔ șȖȒȖȔ Ȑ ȧȑȞȈȔȐ ȔȖȚȣȓȤ-
ȒȖȊ ǪȟȍȘȈȠȕȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȍȓ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȋȘȣȏ ȖșȚȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ț Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȒțșȖȒ ȝȓȍȉȈ
— Ǫȣ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȗȐȚȈȓȐșȤ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȧ ș ȚȖȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏȕȐȞȍȑ ȟȚȖ ȧ țȎȍ ȕȍ-

95
ȌȍȓȐ ȌȊȍ ȗȐȚȈȓșȧ ȖȌȕȐȔȐ ȔȖȚȣȓȤȒȖȊȣȔȐ ȧȑȞȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤșȧ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȊȖ-
Ƞȍȓ ȊȖ ȊȒțș Ȑȝ ȇ ȕȈțȟȐȓșȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖ ȊȐȌț ȘȈșȗȖȏȕȈȊȈȚȤ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȊȒțșȕȣȍ Ǫ ȗȍȘ-
Ȋȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȔțȟȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȌ ȧ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȕȈȌȚȘȍșȕțȚȖȍ
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȧȐȟȒȖ ȗȓȖȚȕȖ ȗȘȐȓȐȗȠȍȍ Ȓ ȊȍȚȒȍ ǶȕȖ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȒțșȕȣȔ Ȑ
ȗȐȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȇ șȚȈȓ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȝ ȧȐȞ Ȑ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȗȖ-
ȘȖȌ ȇ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ ȧȐȟȒȐ ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȖ ȖȌȕȖȔț Ȓ ȓȐșȚȖȟȒȈȔ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȉȣȓȐ
ȖȉȐȓȤȕȖ ȘȈșșȍȧȕȣ ȗȖ ȓȐșȚȤȧȔ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȧ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ ȊȍȚȒȐ șȗȓȖȠȤ
Ȗȉȓȍȗȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȧȐȟȒȈȔȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ șȓȖȍȔ ȔȍȌȈ ǷȖ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈȔ ȜȖȘȔȍ Ȑ ȞȊȍȚț ȖȕȐ
ȉȣȓȐ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣ ȒȘțȋȓȣȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȖȊȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȌȒȐȍ Ƞȍ-
ȘȖȝȖȊȈȚȣȍ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ ȋȖȓțȉȣȍ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȧȐȟȒȐ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓȐșȤ șȊȍ-
ȎȍșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȧȘȒȖșȚȤȦ ȞȊȍȚȈ ǪșȍȋȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȉȍȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ Ȑ ȎȍȔȟțȎ-
ȕȣȝ ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȉȣȓȐ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȣ ȒȘȈȗȐȕȒȈȔȐ ȎȐȓȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȍȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȐȔȐ
ȘȐșțȕȒȈȔȐ ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȘȈȏȕȖȊȐȌȕȖșȚȍȑ ȥȚȐȝ ȧȐȟȍȒ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ
Țȣșȧȟ ȕȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ șȍȔȧȕ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ
— Ǫȣ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȈȊȣ Ȑ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȤȕȣ ǽȖȚȧ Ȋȣ Ȑ ȕȍ ȕȈ-
ȚțȘȈȓȐșȚ ȕȖ ȌȖȠȓȐ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȑ ȏȕȈȚȖȒ Ȑ
ȓȦȉȐȚȍȓȤ ȧȐȞ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ dzȍȑȒȈȘȚ
— dzȦȉȐȚȍȓȤ" Ƕȕ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȍȓ ȥȚȐ ȧȑȞȈ"
— Ƕ ȕȍȚ ȇ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȍȋȖ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦ ȓȦȉȐȚȍȓȍȔ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ș țȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȚȘțȌȐȓșȧ
ȕȈȌ ȐȏțȟȍȕȐȍȔ șȚȘȖȍȕȐȧ ȧȐȞ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ Ȑ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȣȑ ȈȚȓȈș ș ȐȏȖ-
ȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȊșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȝ ȊȐȌȖȊ ȧȐȟȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ Ȋȣ ȚȈȒ ȊȖșȝȐȡȈȍȚȍșȤ
— ǬȈ ȥȚȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȍȧȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ ȥȚȐ ȧȐȟȒȐ ȒțȌȈ ȕȐ ȗȖȊȍȘȕȍȠȤșȧ
ȊȍȏȌȍ ȋȖȚȖȊȣȑ ȖȉȍȌ ǷȖȟȚȐ Ȋșȧ ȥȚȈ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ țșȍȧȕȈ ȐȔȐ ǹȈȌȐșȤ șȍȉȍ ȍȠȤ ȌȈ
ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȑșȧ ǽȖȚȧ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ
ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȖȕȐ ȒȓȈȓȐ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȔȧȋȒȐȍ ȧȑȞȈ șȒȖȘȓțȗȒȈ ȧȐȟȕȈȧ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ, ȖȟȍȕȤ ȒȘȈ-
șȐȊȈ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȚȊȍȘȌȈ — ȕȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȓȐ"
— ǬȈ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ǽȖȚȧ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȥȚȖȑ ȕȍȗȘȖȔȖȒȈȍȔȖȑ ȥȓȈșȚȐȟȕȖȑ Ȑ
Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȚȊȍȘȌȖȑ șȒȖȘȓțȗȒȍ ȏȈȘȖȌȣȠ Ȑ ȊȣȎȐȊȈȍȚ Ȋ ȧȑȞȍ ǰ ȉȍȏ ȚȖȋȖ ȋȐȉ-
ȕțȚ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȣ ȧȐȟȍȒ ȗȖȌțȔȈȑȚȍ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȧȔ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȈȦȚșȧ Ȑ ȖȚ
ȊȍȚȘȈ Ȑ ȖȚ ȌȖȎȌȧ Ȑ ȖȚ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕ ȗȖȋȖȌȣ Ǩ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȧȐȟȒȐ ȍȡȍ ȌȖȓȎ-
ȕȣ ȗȍȘȍȏȐȔȖȊȈȚȤ ǵȈșȍȒȖȔȣȍ ȒȓȈȌțȚ Ȑȝ ȓȍȚȖȔ ȐȓȐ ȖșȍȕȤȦ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ șȓȍ-
ȌțȦȡȍȍ ȓȍȚȖ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȊȣȝȖȌȧȚ ȓȐȟȐȕȒȐ ǵȍ ȉțȌȤ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣ ȚȊȍȘȌȣȔȐ șȒȖȘ-
ȓțȗȒȈȔȐ Ȋșȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȍ șȒȖȘȖ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ ȉȣ ș ȓȐȞȈ ȏȍȔȓȐ
— ǰ ȕȈȔ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȍșȚȤ ȅȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȗȖȓȉȍȌȣ ǫȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȝțȎȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ
ȉȣ ȓȍȋȐȖȕȈȔ ȗȚȐȞ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ ȎȐȊțȡȐȝ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȔȐ ȖȕȐ șȒȖȘȖ ȗȍȘȍ-
șȚȈȓȐ ȉȣ ȖȎȐȊȓȧȚȤ ȕȈȠȐ ȓȍșȈ ȗȖȓȧ Ȑ ȓțȋȈ
— ǵț ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ Ȏ" ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȚȘȈȊȖȧȌȕȣȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ Ȑ ȝȐȡȕȐȒȖȊ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȐȚȈȦȚșȧ ȐȔȐ
— Ǫȣ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȧșȚȘȍȉȣ Ȑ ȒȖȠȒȐ ȏȈ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȒȖȔ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȧȌȕȣȝ ȗȚȐȞ
Ȑ ȏȊȍȘȍȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȒȖȘȖ șȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȉȣ ș ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȔȍȓȒȐȔȐ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȔȐ Ȑ
ȗȖȚȖȔ șȈȔȐ ȖȒȖȓȍȓȐ ȉȣ ș ȋȖȓȖȌț
— ȇ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ǵț ȌȈ ǩȖȋ ș ȕȐȔȐ șȖ ȊșȍȔȐ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȔȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ
Ȕȣ șȈȔȐ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȣ ǵȈȌȍȦșȤ Ȕȣ ȕȍ șȚȈȕȍȔ Ȏȍ ȗȖșȚȐȚȤșȧ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȌȖ
ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ Ȋ șȘȍȌț ȞȐȊȐȓȐȏȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ
— DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍȚ ǻșȚȘȖȐȔ șȍȉȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ țȋȖȡȍȕȐȍ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍș-

96
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȗȍȓȤ ȒȖȕȤȧȒȈ, — Ȕȣ ȐȔ ȗȖȌȒȘȍȗȐȔșȧ Ǫȣ ȐȌȐȚȍ ȏȈ ȗȘȖȊȐȈȕȚȖȔ Ȉ ȧ
ȗȖȌȣȡț țȒȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȍȟȒȖ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȔ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȍȚ
Ǵȣ ȘȈȏȖȠȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȓȖȘȌ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȕȍșȧ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȗȈȘț ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȧȐȞ ȉȈ-
ȉȖȟȒȐ Ǵȣ țșȍȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȍȕȐșȚȣȑ țȋȖȓȖȒ
— DzȈȒȖȍ ȟțȌȕȖȍ ȒțȠȈȕȤȍ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȓȖȘȌ ȘȈșȒȈȓȣȊȈȧ șȒȖȘȓțȗț ȧȑȞȈ —
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȕȍ țȌȐȊȓȧȦșȤ ȔȖȍȑ ȚȍȚțȠȒȍ ȓȍȌȐ ǫȘȈȋȈȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȋțȓȧȧ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȔț
ȗȈȘȒț ȎȍȊȈȓȈ ȗȈțȒȖȊ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȐȏȦȔ ǶȕȈ țȊȍȘȧȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȗȈțȒȐ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ
ȊȒțșȕȣ
— ȇ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȍ țȌȐȊȓȧȦșȤ ȊȒțșț ȊȈȠȍȑ ȚȍȚțȠȒȐ ȇ șȓȣȝȈȓ Ȗ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȓȍȌȐ
Ȑ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ș țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ ȓȈȒȖȔȐȓȐșȤ ȗȈțȒȈȔȐ ǶȌȐȕ ȋȖșȗȖ-
ȌȐȕ ȌȖȊȍȓ șȊȖȍ ȗȘȐșȚȘȈșȚȐȍ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȔȈȏȣȊȈȓ Ȑȝ ȕȈ ȝȓȍȉ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȔȈșȓȈ
— ǷȘȐȧȚȕȖȋȖ ȈȗȗȍȚȐȚȈ ǵȈȊȘȧȌ ȓȐ ȕȈȠȓȖșȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȚȤ ȍȋȖ
țȋȖȡȍȕȐȍ
— Ǩ Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȔȈȓȖ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȗȐȚȈȦȚșȧ ȗȈțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȔȐ" ǶȠȐ-
ȉȈȍȚȍșȤ Ǫȣ ȟȐȚȈȓȐ Ȋ ȍȊȈȕȋȍȓȐȐ ȟȚȖ ǰȖȈȕȕ DzȘȍșȚȐȚȍȓȤ ȗȐȚȈȓșȧ ȈȒȘȐȌȈȔȐ Ȑ
ȌȐȒȐȔ ȔȍȌȖȔ" Ƕȕ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȥȕȚȖȔȖȜȖȉ* 
 ǵȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȎȐȚȍȓȐ
ǵȖȊȖȑ DzȈȓȍȌȖȕȐȐ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȦȚ ȊȒțș ȓȍȌȐ ǫȘȈȋȈȔ Ȓ ȗȈțȒȈȔ ȕȖ ȖȕȐ ȍȌȧȚ
Ȑȝ ȕȍ șȣȘȣȔȐ Ȉ ȐșȗȍȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȈ Ȗȋȕȍ Ǫ ǨȘȈȊȐȐ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ ȋȖȌȣ șȈȘȈȕȟȈ
șȗȓȖȠȤ ȌȈ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȏȈȔȍȕȧȍȚ ȔțȒț ǭȍ ȔȍȓȦȚ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȦȚ Ȋ ȚȍșȚȖ ȗȍȒțȚ Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȍ
ȗȖȌ ȖȋȕȍȔ Ȑ ȍȌȧȚ ȒȈȒ ȝȓȍȉ ǫȖȚȚȍȕȚȖȚȣ ȘȈȌțȦȚșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȏȈȓȍȚȐȚ șȈȘȈȕ-
ȟȈ ǶȕȐ ș ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȐȔ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ ȍȌȧȚ ȍȍ Ȑ ȖȚȢȍȌȈȦȚșȧ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ șȚȈȕȖȊȧȚșȧ ȚȖȓșȚȣȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȉȖȘȖȊȣ ǴȕȖȋȐȍ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȈȜȘȐȒȈȕ-
șȒȐȧ ȗȓȍȔȍȕȈ ȗȐȚȈȦȚșȧ ȒȖȗȟȍȕȖȑ Ȑ șȖȓȍȕȖȑ șȈȘȈȕȟȖȑ Ȉ ȔȈȊȘȣ țȊȍȘȧȦȚ ȟȚȖ
ȖȕȈ ȊȒțșȕȍȍ ȋȖȓțȉȍȑ Ȑ ȍȌȧȚ ȍȍ ȊȈȘȍȕȖȑ ȐȓȐ ȎȈȘȍȕȖȑ ș ȗȍȘȞȍȔ Ȑ ș țȒșțșȖȔ DzȐ-
ȚȈȑȞȣ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȍ ȉȘȍȏȋȈȦȚ ȗȐȡȍȑ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ǷȖșȓȍ ȘȈȏȔȖȚ-
ȒȐ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȐȟȕȣȝ ȒȖȒȖȕȖȊ ȖȕȐ Ȑȏ ȓȐȟȐȕȖȒ Ȑȝ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȧȦȚ ȒțȠȈȕȤȧ ǶȕȐ ȍȌȧȚ
ȚȈȒȎȍ ȋțșȍȕȐȞ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȋȖȓȖȊȖȒ Ȑ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȉȈȉȖȟȍȒ Ƿȍȟȍȕȣȍ ȋțșȍȕȐ-
Ȟȣ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȎțȒȈ șȟȐȚȈȦȚșȧ ȓȈȒȖȔșȚȊȖȔ ț ȚțȏȍȔȞȍȊ ǹțȘȐȕȈȔȈ Ȑ ǪȍșȚ-
ǰȕȌȐȐ ǬȈȎȍ ȚȍȘȔȐȚȣ ȐȓȐ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȔțȘȈȊȤȐ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȗȐȚȈȚȍȓȤȕțȦ Ȑ ȏȌȖȘȖ-
ȊțȦ ȗȐȡț Ȍȓȧ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȈȜȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȝ ȕȈȘȖȌȖȊ ǫȖȚȚȍȕȚȖȚȣ ȍȌȧȚ Ȑȝ Ȑ șȣȘȣȔȐ Ȑ
ȊȈȘȍȕȣȔȐ Ȉ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȗȓȍȔȍȕȈ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȧȦȚ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȗȘȍȊȒțșȕȣȍ ȉȓȦȌȈ ǶȕȐ ȎȈ-
ȘȧȚ Ȑȝ ȕȈȌ ȖȋȕȍȔ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ ț ȕȈș ȎȈȘȧȚ ȒȖȜȍ ǷțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȐ ȕȈȝȖ-
ȌȧȚ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȖ ȊȒțșț ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȚ ȖȉșȈȝȈȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȐȕȌȈȓȤ ǴȕȖȋȐȍ ȌȘțȋȐȍ Ȕț-
ȘȈȊȤȐ ȚȖȎȍ șȓțȎȈȚ ȗȐȡȍȑ Ȍȓȧ ȌȐȒȐȝ ȕȈȘȖȌȖȊ ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ șȓȈȊȐȚșȧ șȊȖȐȔ ȊȒțșȖȔ
ȔȍȒșȐȒȈȕșȒȐȑ ȔȍȌȖȊȣȑ ȔțȘȈȊȍȑ ȅȚȐ ȔțȘȈȊȤȐ ȐȔȍȦȚ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȍ ȖȉȣȒ-
ȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȣ ȕȖ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȉȘȦȠȒȖ Ȑȝ ȘȈȏȘȈșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚ-
șȧ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȔ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕțȦ ȧȋȖȌț ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȖȦ ș ȋȖȘȖȠȐȕț ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕțȦ ȔȍȌȖȔ.
ǺțȏȍȔȞȣ ȖȚȘȣȊȈȦȚ ȥȚȐ ȉȘȦȠȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȈȦȚ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȌȍșȍȘȚȈ Ȓ șȚȖȓț
— ǩȘȈȊȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ — ȊșȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ. — ǪȐȎț ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ
ȊȍșȤȔȈ șȊȍȌțȡȐȑ ȕȈȚțȘȈȓȐșȚ ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ șȒȈȎȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȓȐ
ȟȚȖ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȍ ȋȘȍȒȐ ȍȓȐ ȞȐȒȈȌ?
— ǬȈ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ǨȘȐșȚȖȚȍȓȤ Ȑ ǨȘȐșȚȖȜȈȕ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȧșȕȖ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȚ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ
* ɉɨɟɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɧɚɫɟɤɨɦɵɯ

97
ȅȓȐȈȕ ȌȈȎȍ țȗȘȍȒȈȓ ȋȘȍȒȖȊ ȏȈ ȕȍȊȖȏȌȍȘȎȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȍȌȍ ȥȚȐȝ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȑ ȗȖșȊȧ-
ȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȔțȏȈȔ ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȌȘȍȊȕȖșȚȐ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȞȐȒȈȌȣ șȟȐȚȈȦȚșȧ ȌȘȈȋȖ-
ȞȍȕȕȣȔ ȓȈȒȖȔșȚȊȖȔ ț ȒȘȈșȕȖȒȖȎȐȝ ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȝ ȗȓȍȔȍȕ
— ǶȚȟȍȋȖ Ȏȍ ȕȣȕȍȠȕȐȍ ȋȘȍȒȐ ȕȍ ȍȌȧȚ ȞȐȒȈȌ"
— ǶȚȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȊȣȠȓȐ Ȑȏ ȔȖȌȣ ǷȖȊȍȘȤȚȍ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȖȕȐ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȊȖȠȓȐ Ȋ
ȔȖȌț Ȑȝ ȗȖȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȉȣ Ȓ șȚȖȓț ț Ȋșȍȝ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȝ Ȑ ȏȕȈȚȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ
dzȖȘȌ ǷțȞȒȐȕș ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȏȈȌțȔȈȓșȧ
— ǪȖȚ ȟȚȖ — ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ ȔȐȕțȚț șȗțșȚȧ ȝȓȖȗȕțȊ șȍȉȧ ȗȖ ȓȉț — ȍșȓȐ ȔȖ-
ȌȈ ȚȈȒ șȐȓȤȕȈ Ȋ ȖȉȓȈșȚȐ ȒțȓȐȕȈȘȕȖȑ ȚȖ ȔȖȐ șȖȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȐ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȐ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ ȊȖȏȌȊȐȋȕțȚ Ȕȕȍ ȗȈȔȧȚȕȐȒ ș ȕȈȌȗȐșȤȦ ©ǩȓȈȋȖȌȍȚȍȓȦ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȈ».
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ
— ǶȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ǪșȍȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȊȘȍȌ ȗȘȐȕȖșȧȚ ȕȈșȍȒȖ-
Ȕȣȍ Ǫ ȖȌȕȖȑ ǨȕȋȓȐȐ țȉȣȚȒȐ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȔȣȍ ȍȎȍȋȖȌȕȖ ȟȍȘȊȧȔȐ Ȑ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȈȔȐ
ȗȘȍȊȣȠȈȦȚ șțȔȔȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȚȘȈȚȧȚșȧ ȕȈ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȍ ȜȓȖȚȈ ǰ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȈȠȍȓșȧ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȓ ȉȣ ȊȍȘȕȣȑ șȗȖșȖȉ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȚȤ Ȋșȍȝ ȥȚȐȝ ȕȈșȍȒȖ-
Ȕȣȝ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ ȕȍ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ȉȣ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȘȧȌț ș ȉȓȈȋȖȌȍȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚ-
ȊȈ"— ǵȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ
— ǬȈȓȍȍ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȓȐȠȤ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȐȕțȌȐȚȤ Ȓ țșȐȓȍȕȕȖȔț ȚȘțȌț ȒȖȋ-
ȌȈ Ȗȕ ȎȌȍȚ ȏȈ șȊȖȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȝȖȘȖȠȍȋȖ ȊȖȏȕȈȋȘȈȎȌȍȕȐȧ ǵȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȓȐ"
— ǷȘȈȊȌȈ
— ǵț ȊȖȚ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ șȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȣ șȢȍȌȖȉȕȣ"
— ǩȍȏțșȓȖȊȕȖ ǪȍȌȤ ȍȌȧȚ Ȏȍ Ȑȝ ȗȚȐȞȣ Ȑ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖȕȖȋȐȍ...
— Ǩȝ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȇ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȦ ȉȍȏȊȘȍȌȕȣ ȓȐ ȖȕȐ Ȍȓȧ ȓȦȌȍȑ" ȅȚȖ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ
ȊȈȎȕȣȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș Ǫȣ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȓȦȌȐ șȚȈȓȐ ȍșȚȤ ȋțșȍȕȐȞ ȖȕȐ ș ȖȌȕȖȑ
șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȐ ȉȣ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȏȈȗȈș ȏȌȖȘȖȊȖȑ ȗȐȡȐ Ȉ ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ — ȖșȊȖȉȖȎ-
ȌȈȓȐ ȉȣ șȍȉȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕȐȕ țșȍȘȌȕȖ șȖȉȐȘȈȓ ȉȣ ȋțșȍȕȐȞ Ȋ ȕȈ-
ȌȍȎȌȍ ȗȘȖȌȈȚȤ Ȑȝ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȏȈ șȊȖȑ ȚȘțȌ Ǫ șȓțȟȈȍ Ȏȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȘȈȏ-
ȔȕȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȋțșȍȕȐȞ Ȑ ȕȍțȘȖȎȈȧ ȓȦȌȐ ȗȖȍȓȐ ȉȣ ȊȐȕȖȊȕȐȒȖȊ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȧ
Ǫ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȉȣ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȊȘȍȌȕȣȝ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ
— ǴȣșȓȤ ȊȈȠȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȋȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȈ ȕȖ ȧ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȦșȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȕȈ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȔȈ ǬȍȓȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȊȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ Ȓ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȈȔ ȕȐȟȍȔ
ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚȤ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ
— Ƕ — ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ ȓȖȘȌ — ǵțȎȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȔȍȓȖ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȐȚȤ Ȓ Ȍȍȓț ǹțȚȤ Ȋ
ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȉȍȌȐȚȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȌȈȔ Ȑ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȖȊ ȊȣșȠȍȋȖ ȒȘțȋȈ Ȉ
ȏȈȚȍȔ ȥȚȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȐȚșȧ ǪȍȌȤ ȍȌȧȚ Ȏȍ ȘȈȒȖȊ țșȚȘȐȞ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ țȓȐȚȖȒ
ǿȍȔ Ȏȍ ȖȕȐ ȓțȟȠȍ ȋțșȍȕȐȞ" ǹȒȈȎț ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȍ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȟȐȡȍ ȘȖ-
ȋȈȚȖȋȖ șȒȖȚȈ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȍȑ ȗȚȐȞȣ Ȑ ȌȐȟȐ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȗȐȚȈȦȚșȧ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈ-
ȏȖȔ ȘȈșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȦ ȗȐȡȍȦ
ȇ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȗȓȈȕ ȓȖȘȌȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȋ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋ
— ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȋ ǨȕȋȓȐȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȌȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ ȖȕȈ ȔȖ-
ȋȓȈ ȉȣ ȋȖȘȌȐȚȤșȧ ȐȔȐ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȍȎȍȓȐ șȊȖȐȔȐ țșȗȍȝȈȔȐ Ȋ ǰȕȌȐȐ — ȊșȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȧ
ȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚț șȈȔțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȖșȚȘȣȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȔțșȒțșȈ dzȖȘȌ ǷțȞȒȐȕș ȗȖ-
Țȧȕțȓ ȕȖșȖȔ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȋȘȐȔȈșț
— ǶȗȧȚȤ ȔțșȒțș ȅȚȖ ȕȍșȕȖșȕȖ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȤȚȍ șȍȉȍ ȧ ȕȍ ȊȣȕȖȠț ȥȚȖ-

ȋȖ ȏȈȗȈȝȈ Ȉ Ȗȕ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌțȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ƕȕ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȑ
ȊȐȌȐȔȖȑ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ Ȑ ș ȚȈȒȖȦ Ȏȍ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ȐșȟȍȏȈȍȚ ǵȍ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȓȐ Ȋȣ
ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ"
— ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ șȍȑȟȈș ȔȐȔȖ ȕȈș ȗȘȖȓȍȚȍȓ ȕȈȌțȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȖ-
ȚȣȓȍȒ"
— ǴȖȚȣȓȍȒ" ǿȚȖ Ȗȕ ș țȔȈ șȖȠȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȓȐ" Ǭȓȧ ȟȍȋȖ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȌțȠȐȓ-
șȧ"— Ǭȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȉȈȉȖȟȍȒ ǬțȝȖȊ ȍȔț ȕȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȗȖȒțȗȈȚȤ ȖȕȐ șȈȔȐ ȗȖ șȍȉȍ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔȍ ǶȌȕȐ ȔȖȚȣȓȤ-
ȒȐ ȗȈȝȕțȚ ȔțșȒțșȖȔ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȊȈȕȐȓȤȦ ȋȖȘȤȒȐȔ ȔȐȕȌȈȓȍȔ Ȑ Ț ȗ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȚȈȒ
ȉȖȋȈȚȖ ȖȌȈȘȍȕȣ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȖȑ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȐȌȣ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖ Ȏȍ ȔȖȚȣȓȤȒȖȊ
ȕȍ ȌțȠȐȚșȧ
— Ǩ ȋȌȍ Ȏȍ ȗȖȔȍȡȈȦȚșȧ ț ȔȖȚȣȓȤȒȖȊ Ȑȝ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȐ ȌțȝȖȊ"
— ǵȈ ȟȍȠțȑȒȈȝ Ȑ ȊȖȓȖșȒȈȝ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȡȐȝșȧ ț ȖȌȕȐȝ ȕȈ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȉȘȦȠȒȈ ț ȌȘț-
ȋȐȝ ȕȈ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȝ ǻ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȐ ȉȖȧȘȣȠȕȐȞȣ ȕȈ ȏȈȌȕȐȝ ȒȘȣȓȣȠȒȈȝ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚșȧ ȔȈ-
ȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȌțȠȐșȚȣȍ ȗȧȚȕȣȠȒȐ ț ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȐ ȚȈȒȐȍ Ȏȍ ȗȧȚȕȣȠȒȐ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ-
ȕȐȝ ǰ ȟȚȖ ȊșȍȋȖ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȍȍ ȥȚȐ ȌțȠȐșȚȣȍ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȣ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚȌȣȝȈ ȗȓȖȚ-
ȕȖ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣ Ȑ ȌțȝȐ ȊȣȌȍȓȧȦȚșȧ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȓȍȚȍ
Ǵȣ țȊȓȍȒȓȐșȤ ȉȍșȍȌȖȑ Ȑ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐ ȉȣ ȍȍ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ
ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȈș ȕȍ șȔțȚȐȓ ȊȌȘțȋ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ țȌțȠȓȐȊȣȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȗȖȊȍȧȊȠȐȑ ș ȓȐșȚȈ
ȗȖȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ Ȕȣ țșȚȘȖȐȓȐșȤ ǯȈȗȈȝ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒ șȐȓȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓȖ Ȍțȝ dzȖȘȌ
ȊȣȘțȋȈȓșȧ ȗȖ-ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȑ ȏȈȚȒȕțȊ ȕȖș ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ǪȖȓȍȑ-ȕȍȊȖ-
ȓȍȑ Ȑ ȧ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȔȍȘț

99
DZșȎȐȎ VI
ǿǽǼǾ. ǻǮ ǸǾȉǹȊȍȃ ǰdzȀǾǮ
— ȅȚȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ — ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ — ǬȈ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȑ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ șȗȖȒȖȑ-
ȕȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ǺȖ ȔțșȒțș ȚȖ ȟȍȘȚ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ǹȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȕȈ ȔȐȓȖșȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȈ
ȋȈȌȖșȚȤ"
— ȅȚȖ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ șȘȍȌșȚȊȖ ȖȉȖȘȖȕȣ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȘȈȊȧȕȖȦ ȒȓȖȗȈ
— ǬȈ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȕȈȔ ȌȍȓȖ ȌȖ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȖșȚȐ ǪȍȌȤ Ȕȣ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȚȘȖȋȈȓȐ — ȏȈ ȟȚȖ
Ȏȍ Ȗȕ ȕȈș ȖȉȐȌȍȓ"
— Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȕȈș ȕȐȟȍȋȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ Ƕȕ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
ȋȘȖȏȕȖȋȖ ȝȐȡȕȐȒȈ ǵȈȔ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȍ ȔȍȠȈȍȚ ȖșȚȍȘȍȋȈȚȤșȧ ȊȍȌȤ Ȗȕ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȑ ȕȈ ȕȈș
ȕȈȗȈșȚȤ
Ǵȣ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȒȘțȋȓȖȑ ȋȓȣȉȣ ȒȊȈȘȞȈ ǰȏ ȟȈȡȐ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ ȗȖȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȖșȤ ȗȓȖșȒȖȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȀȐȘȖȒȈȧ șȗȐȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȐșȗȍȡȘȍȕȈ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȖ-ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȎȍȓȚȣȔȐ ȗȖȓȖșȒȈȔȐ ȎȐȊȖȚ ȉȣȓ șȊȍȚȓȖ-ȎȍȓȚȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ ǵȈ ȚȘȍ-
țȋȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȌȊȍ ȗȈȓȒȐ ȚȖȘȟȈȓȐ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ șȧȎȒȐ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȍ Ȋ ȚȖȔ Ȕȍ-
șȚȍ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚșȧ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȒȓȈȗȈȕȣ
— ǪȖȚ ȊȐȕȖȊȕȐȒ ȏȈȗȈȝȈ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȧ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȕȈ ȒȓȖȗȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖȠȍ-
ȊȍȓȐȊ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ șȧȎȒȈȔȐ Ȑșȟȍȏ Ȋ ȟȈȡȍ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ
— Ǩ ȋȌȍ Ȏȍ ȍȋȖ ȊȘȈȋ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȊșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȟȈȡț
— Ƕȕ ȐșȗțȋȈȓșȧ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȗȍȘșȗȍȒȚȐȊȣ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȕȈșȔȖȘȒ Ȑ țȉȍȎȈȓ — ȖȚȊȍ-

100
ȚȐȓ ȧ
— ǶȚȟȍȋȖ Ȏȍ ȊȈȠ ȒȓȖȗ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȕȍȗȘȐȓȐȟȕȣȔ șȗȖșȖȉȖȔ ȏȈȡȐȡȈȍȚșȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȈ-
ȋȖȊ" ǸȈȏȊȍ ȕȍȚ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȦșȚȍȑ ȐȓȐ ȒȘȣȓȤȍȊ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȟȚȖȉȣ țȓȍȚȍȚȤ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ"
— ǻȊȣ Ƕȕ ȏȈȡȐȡȈȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒ țȔȍȍȚ. ǻ ȒȓȖȗȈ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ț ȉȈȉȖȟȒȐ Ȑ ȔțȝȐ
ȕȍȚ ȟȍȓȦșȚȍȑ ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȍșȚȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȝȖȉȖȚȖȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ Ȗȕ ȌȖȉȣȊȈȍȚ șȍȉȍ
ȗȐȡț DzȘȣȓȤȧ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȍșȚȤ ȕȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȈȓȖ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȣȍ
— Ǫ ȒȈȒȖȔ Ȏȍ ȔȍșȚȍ ȗȖȔȍȡȈȍȚșȧ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȍȋȖ șȗȈșȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ" ȕȍțȎȍȓȐ
ȚȖȎȍ ȕȈ ȒȘȣȓȣȠȒȈȝ ȒȈȒ ț ȔȖȚȣȓȤȒȖȊ"
— ǵȍȚ ȗȖ ȉȖȒȈȔ ȒȓȖȗȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚșȧ ȎȍȓȍȏȒȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȍȚșȧ ȏȕȈȟȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȎȍȓȚȖȊȈȚȖȑ ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȐ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ
ȐȔȍȓȐ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ țȉȍȌȐȚȤșȧ ȏȈȗȈȝȈ Ǫ șȓțȟȈȍ ȕȈȌȖȉȕȖșȚȐ Ȗȕ șȎȐȔȈȍȚ Ȏȍȓȍȏ-
ȒȐ ș ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ ȔȣȠȞ Ȑ ȥȜȐȘȕȈȧ ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȤ ȊȣȌȍȓȧȍȚșȧ ȕȈȘțȎț
— ȅȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȓȖȘȌ — ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ ȕȈȔ ȕȍ Ȕȍ-
ȠȈȓȖ ȉȣ ȏȈȚȘȖȕțȚȤ șȈȔȣȑ ȊȈȎȕȣȑ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș ȊȖȗȘȖș ȊȖȗȘȖș Ȗ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȐ ȌȖ-
ȔȖȑ ǪȍȟȍȘ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ Ȋȣ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȑ șȗȈșȐȚȍȓȤ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȘȍȠȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȔ
ȌȍȓȈȚȤ
— DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȖȘȈ ȗȖȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ Ǩ ȚȖ ȕȍȉȖ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȝȔțȘȐȚȤșȧ
ǪȐȌȐȚȍ ȖȕȖ ȏȈȊȖȓȈȒȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȚțȟȈȔȐ ǪȈȔ șȓȍȌțȍȚ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȚȤ șȊȖȍ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȌȖ ȕȈșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ȕȖȟȐ
— ȇ ȊȈș ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ
— ǪȈȔ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȊȣȗȐȚȤ ȥȓȐȒșȐȘ ǵțȘȍȌȌȐȕȈ
— ǷȖȟȍȔț Ȏȍ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ" — ș țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǷțȞȒȐȕș —
Ǩ Ȋȣ" ǿȚȖ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȉțȌȍȚ"
— Ǵȣ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȊȍȘȕȍȔșȧ Ȋ ǯȈȒȖȗȈȕȤ Ǫȣ țȓȖȎȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȗȈ-
ȗȐȘȖșȕȐȞț ȐȓȐ șȗȐȟȍȟȕȐȞț Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȏȍȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ǪȈȘȠȈȊț șȈȔȐ Ȏȍ ȗȖȍȌȍȚȍ Ȋ ǰȕ-
ȌȐȦ ȇ ȖșȚȈȕțșȤ ȗȖȌ ȗȘȐșȔȖȚȘȖȔ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȊȍȘȕȖȋȖ șȓțȋȐ Ȑ ȕȍ șȖșȒțȟțșȤ ȌȖ ȊȈȠȍ-
ȋȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ
— ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ — ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȧȊȐȓ ȓȖȘȌ
— ǸȈȌȐ ǩȖȋȈ țșȚțȗȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ — ȔȖȓȐȓ ȧ, — ȊȍȌȤ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȐȌȍȚ Ȗ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
ȌȊțȝ ȔȍșȧȞȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȖȑȌțȚ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍȚ ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȎȍȘȚȊ ș ȊȈȠȍȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ Ȋȣ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚȍ,
ȟȚȖ ȧ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏțȦșȤ ȊȈȠȐȔ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌșȚȊȖȔ?!
— ǷȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ Ǫȣ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ǵțȘȍȌȌȐȕȈ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȓ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ
ȏȕȈȦ ȋȌȍ ȍȋȖ ȐșȒȈȚȤ
— Ƕȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤșȧ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ Ǵȣ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȕȈȑȌȍȔ ȐȕȌțșȈ Ȉ ȚȖȚ Ȑ ȉȍȏ țȊȍ-
ȓȐȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȚȍȒȓȈ țȏȕȈȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ
— ǯȈȒȓȐȕȈȦ ȊȈș ȓȖȘȌ ȕȍ ȕȈșȚȈȐȊȈȑȚȍ ȇ ȊȈș ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȗȖȊȍȘȤȚȍ
ȕȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȔȖȐȝ ȌȖȊȖȌȖȊ ȊȈȠȐ ȉȓȍȒȕțȚ ȒȈȒ șȐȧȕȐȍ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȗȘȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ șȖȓ-
ȕȍȟȕȣȝ ȓțȟȈȝ
— ǵȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȑ ǬȈ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓȐ ȓȐ Ȋȣ ȟȚȖ ǵțȘȍȌȌȐȕ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ țȎȍ țȔȍȘ?
— ǵȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȚȍșȤ ȧ Ȋșȍ ȖȉȌțȔȈȓ
— ȇ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȊȈș ǿȚȖ Ȏ Ȋȣ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȎȐȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ǸȖ-
ȉȐȕȏȖȕ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȍ ȉȍȏ ȌȘțȏȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ ȔȖȋȓȐ
ȉȣ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ ȊȈȔ"
— ǷȖȊȍȘȤȚȍ șȥȘ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȈȠȐ ȖȗȈșȍȕȐȧ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȦȚșȧ ȧ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȉț-

101
Ȍț ȊȍȟȕȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȍȕ ȊȈȔ ǬȕȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȧ ȗȘȖȎȐȊț Ȋ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȒȈȘȓȐȒȈ ȉț-
ȌțȚ ȞȍȓȖȑ ȊȍȘȍȕȐȞȍȑ șȟȈșȚȤȧ Ȗ ȒȈȒȖȔ ȧ ȍȡȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȔȍȟȚȈȓ ȇ ȎȍȓȈȦ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȚȈȒ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȚȖȊ șȍȑȟȈș ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȊȈș ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ Ȓ șȥȘț ǩȐȋȋșț Ȑ ȗȘȖșȐȚȤ
ȍȋȖ ȖȚȊȍȏȚȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ǪȈȘȠȈȊț
dzȖȘȌ ǷțȞȒȐȕș șȕȐșȝȖȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ
— DzȈȒȖȑ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȣȑ Ȑ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȥȚȐ ȗȖȓȧȒȐ — ȗȘȖȊȖȘȟȈȓ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖ șȍ-
ȉȧ — ǵȖ șȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ Ȓ ȟȍȔț șȚȘȍȔȐȚȍșȤ ȘȈȌȐ ȟȍȋȖ ȚȘȍ-
ȉțȍȚȍ Ȋȣ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȕȍȘȈȏțȔȕȖȑ ȊȍȡȐ"
— ǶȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȧ ȝȖȟț ȌȍȓȈȚȤ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȍ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ ȔȍȓȒȐȝ șț-
ȡȍșȚȊ
— ǬȈ ȘȈȏȊȍ Ȋȣ Ȑȝ ȕȍ ȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ"
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȑ ȧ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ
— Ǻȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȧ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ Ȋ ȗȖȐșȒȈȝ ȏȈ ȊȈȔȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍȔ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȒȈȒȖȍ ȖȉȠȐȘȕȖȍ ȗȖȓȍ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ
ȓȍȎȐȚ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȇ ȕȈȝȖȎțșȤ Ȋ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȔ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȘȈȦ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȖ-
ȋȖ ȕȐ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ țȑȌț Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȦ ȊȣȋȕȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȚȘțȌȈ ȗȘȐ
ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȝ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ ȔȖȋțȚ ȊȣȏȊȈȚȤ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȘȖȚ ȊȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈȝ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȘȖȌț
Ȑ ȗȖȌȊȐȕțȚ ȉȐȖȓȖȋȐȦ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȊȍȒȈ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȇ ȌȘȖȎț ȖȚ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ȗȘȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȕȣș-
ȓȐ Ȗ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ ȏȈȌȈȟȍ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȗȍȑȚȍ ȓȖȘȌ ȥȓȐȒșȐȘ ǵțȘȍȌȌȐȕȈ Ȑ ȊȍȏȐȚȍ
Ȕȍȕȧ șȒȖȘȍȍ Ȋ ǪȈȘȠȈȊț ǺȈȔ ȧ șȐȌȧ Ȋ ȏȈȚȐȠȤȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ
ȖȒȖȕȟț ȘȧȌ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȑ ȒȈȒȐȝ ȕȍ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ țȟȍȕȣȝ Ǩ ȏȈ
ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋȣ șȢȍȏȌȐȚȍ Ȋ ǨȏȐȦ
— ǷȘȖșȚȐȚȍ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȚȖȑ ȗȖȓȤȏȣ ȒȈȒțȦ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȐȏȊȓȍȟȤ
Ȍȓȧ ȕȈțȒȐ Ȑȏ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ
— ȅȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ țȌȐȊȓȧȍȚ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ Ȑ șȈȔȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȈțȒȐ ǪȍȌȤ
Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ șȥȘ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ș ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȟțȊșȚȊ ȗȖȏȕȈȍȔ ȗȘȐȘȖȌț ȟȚȖ
Ȕȣ ȒȈȎȌȖȍ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȍȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ șȓȣȠȈȚȤ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ǵȈȠȐ
ȟțȊșȚȊȈ — ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȈȠȐ ȖȘțȌȐȧ Ȑ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤșȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȓȖȝȐȍ ȖȘț-
ȌȐȧ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ Ȕȣ ȟȈșȚȖ ȋȘțȉȖ ȖȠȐȉȈȍȔșȧ DzȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȓȐșȚȐȒ ȗȖ-
șȚȘȖȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑȏ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȒȓȍȚȖȟȍȒ Ȑ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȌȣȝȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȊȖ-
ȓȖșȒȈȔȐ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȍȚșȧ Ȍȓȧ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȖȚ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȓȐșȚȈ șȌȍȓȈȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȒțșȖȟȒȈ ȘȈșȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȠȍȓȒȈ ǹȖȓȕȞȍ Ȑ ȓțȕȈ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȕȈȔ ȓȐȠȤ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȔȐ ȒȘțȎȒȈȔȐ DzȈȒ Ȏȍ Ȕȣ țȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȓȐșȚ șȖ-
șȚȖȐȚ Ȑȏ ȔȍȓȤȟȈȑȠȐȝ ȒȓȍȚȖȟȍȒ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȍșȚȤ ȗȧȚȕȈ Ȉ ȕȈ ȓțȕȍ — ȋȖȘȣ Ȑ
ȖȊȘȈȋȐ" DzȈȒ Ȕȣ ȕȈțȟȐȓȐșȤ ȐȏȔȍȘȐȚȤ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȖȚ ȥȚȐȝ ȕȍȉȍșȕȣȝ Țȍȓ ȘȈșșȟȐ-
ȚȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȖȉȢȍȔ Ȑ Ȋȍș ȗȘȍȌȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȗȓȈȕȍȚ Ȑ Ț Ȍ" ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ Ȋșȍ ȚȍȔ Ȏȍ
ȟțȊșȚȊȈȔ ȕȖ ȗȖȌȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȕȣȔ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȖȘțȌȐȧȔȐ ǵȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȔȐȒȘȖ-
șȒȖȗ ȚȍȓȍșȒȖȗ ȔȐȒȘȖȜȖȕ șȗȍȒȚȘȖșȒȖȗ ȉȈȘȖȔȍȚȘ ȚȍȘȔȖȔȍȚȘ ȝȘȖȕȖȔȍȚȘ —
Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȕȈȔ ȕȍȌȖșȚțȗȕȣȍ ȉȍȏ ȕȐȝ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕ-
Țȣ Ȋșȍ ȖȕȐ șȓțȎȈȚ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ Ȓ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȊȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȔ ȟțȊșȚȊȈȔ Ȑ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȦȚ
ȋȓțȉȎȍ țȏȕȈȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ Ȑ ȔȈȓȣȑ ȔȐȘȣ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț-ȚȖ ȒȈȎȌȖȍ țșȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȕȐȍ ȔȐȒȘȖșȒȖȗȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȈȔ Ȋșȍ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȚȈȑȕȣ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȑ ȚȍȓȍșȒȖȗ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ Ȑ ȗȓȈȕȍȚȣ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȗȧȚȕȈ ȕȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ Ȑ ȕȖ-
Ȋȣȍ țȡȍȓȤȧ ȕȈ ȓțȕȍ ǵȖ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȊȍȡȐ" ǵȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ǶȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ Ȑ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ
ȕȖ Ȕȣ Ȑȝ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ș ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ țșȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚȊȖȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȐȕșȚ-

102
ȘțȔȍȕȚȈ ǷȖȊȍȘȤȚȍ Ȕȕȍ șȥȘ ȍșȓȐ ȉ ȕȈȠȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȣ
Ȕȣ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȕȍ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȉȣ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ;,; șȚȖȓȍȚȐȧ Ȋ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȗȖȚȍȔȒȈȝ Ȋ ȒȈȒȐȝ
ȍȡȍ ȖșȚȈȍȔșȧ Ȋ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǹȈȔȈȧ ȏȈȗțȚȈȕȕȍȑȠȈȧ ȕȈțȟȕȈȧ ȐșȚȐȕȈ ȉȣȚȤ -
ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȉȣ ȕȈȔ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖȦ ǺȖ Ȏȍ ȊȣȠȓȖ ȉȣ ȍșȓȐ ȉ Ȕȣ
ȖȉȓȈȌȈȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȔ ȕȈȔ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȔ ǵȖ, ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ț
ȕȈș ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȧȚȤ șȓȈȉȣȝ ȟțȊșȚȊ ȚȖ ȕȈȔ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȓȐȠȤ țȒȘȍȗȐȚȤ Ȑȝ Ȑ ȗȖȓȤȏȖ-
ȊȈȚȤșȧ ȐȔȐ ȌȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖȋȖ ǵȣȕȍȠȕȐȍ ȕȈțȟȕȣȍ ȖȘțȌȐȧ
ȍȡȍ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȣ ȖȕȐ ȚȘȍȉțȦȚ Ȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉțȌțȚ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȚȤ țȔȍȕȐȧ Ȗȉ-
ȝȖȌȐȚȤșȧ ș ȕȐȔȐ șȒȖȘȖ țȚȖȔȓȧȦȚ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊȍȏȌȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȐȔȣ ǵȈȗȘȐ-
ȔȍȘ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ ȔȐȒȘȖșȒȖȗ Ȕȣ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍȓȤȟȈȑȠȐȍ ȟȈșȚȐ-
Ȟȣ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕ ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȗȖȌțȔȈȑȚȍ șȈȔȐ șȥȘ ȕȈȌ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȔȖȐȔ
Ȑ ȊȈȠȐȔ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍȔ ǻ ȕȈș ȍșȚȤ ȔȐȒȘȖșȒȖȗ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ Ȑ ȔȐȒȘȖȜȖȕ
Ȋ țȠȈȝ Ǵȣ șȔȖȚȘȐȔ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ țȔȍȕȤȠȍȕȕȣȔȐ Ȋ  ȘȈȏ ȊșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ ȟȍȋȖ ȕȈȠ
ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȊȐȌȐȚ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȣ ȌȖșȚțȗȕȣȍ ȏȘȍȕȐȦ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈ șȔȖȚȘȧȡȍȋȖ Ȋ ȔȐȒȘȖșȒȖȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȍȚ Ȋ  ȘȈȏ Ǵȣ ȊȐȌȐȔ ȎȐ-
Ȋȣȍ ȚȒȈȕȐ Ȑ ȕȈȠ ȊȏȖȘ ȉȍȏ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȐȧ ȖȉȕȐȔȈȍȚ șȖȚȕȐ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȒȓȍȚȖȟȍȒ
ǷȘȐ ȚȈȒȐȝ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ ȖȌȐȕ ȌȍȕȤ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȝ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȑ ȕȈțȟȐȚ ȕȈș ȉȖȓȤȠȍ
ȟȍȔ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȞȍȓȖȋȖ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ș ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ ȔȐȒȘȖșȒȖȗȈ ǵȈȠȍ țȝȖ
ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚ ȏȊțȒȐ Ȑ ȠȍȓȍșȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȍșȗȖșȖȉȕȈ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ țȠȕȈȧ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȕȈȧ
ȗȍȘȍȗȖȕȒȈ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǵȈȠȐ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȕȒȐ șȥȘ ȕȍȎ-
ȕȍȍ Ȋ  ȘȈȏ ǴȈȓȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ șȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȦȚ ș ȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ȚȈȒȐȍ șȓȈ-
ȉȣȍ ȏȊțȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȍȌȊȈ ȘȈșșȓȣȠȐȚ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȍ țȝȖ ȕȖ ȖȕȐ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦȚ Ȑ ȉȖ-
ȓȍȍ ȊȣșȖȒȐȍ ȕȍȌȖșȚțȗȕȣȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖȔț țȝț ȚȖȕȣ Ǭȓȧ ȕȈș ȌȈȎȍ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȈȧ ȚȐ-
ȠȐȕȈ ȏȊțȟȐȚ ȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ ȏȊțȒȈȔȐ
— ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȊȈș ȌȖȒȚȖȘ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȈȌ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȊȐȌȐȔ ȕȍȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȋȓȈȏȖȔ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȦȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ș ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ ȔȐȒȘȖșȒȖȗȈ ǵȍșȖȔ-
ȕȍȕȕȖ ȥȚȖ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȍ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ǵȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ
ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ Ȕȣ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȥȚȐȔ ȗțȚȍȔ ȌȖȑȚȐ ȌȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȑ ǪȍȌȤ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȒȘȖșȒȖȗ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȦȡȐȑ Ȋ  ȘȈȏ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȕȖ
ȞȍȓȣȔ ȓȍȋȐȖȕȖȔ ȉȐȖȓȖȋȖȊ Ǫ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȔȐȒȘȖșȒȖȗȣ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ țșȖȊȍȘȠȍȕ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȕȣ ȟȚȖ țȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ Ȕȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȔ șȟȐȚȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ
ǬȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȐȚșȧ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ țȟȍȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȒ-
ȘȖșȒȖȗ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȊȠȐȑ Ȋ  ȘȈȏ
— ǻ ȊȈș ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈȧ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȑȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȈȧ ȓțȗȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȓȍ-
ȎȐȚ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȍ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȈȔ Țț Ȏȍ țșȓțȋț ȟȚȖ țȟȍȕȣȔ Ȑȝ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȍ ȔȐȒ-
ȘȖșȒȖȗȣ ǶȕȈ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȍȚ ȊșȍȋȖ Ȋ  ȘȈȏ ȕȖ ȗȘȐ ȍȍ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȣ
Ȋ  ȘȈȏ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȟȍȔ ȖȕȐ ȍșȚȤ Ȋ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ
— DzȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ"
— ǷȖȔȕȖȎȤȚȍ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȍȑȠȐȑ ȓȖȘȌ  ȕȈ  Ȑ Ȋȣ șȈȔȐ ȘȍȠȐȚȍ ȥȚț ȏȈȌȈȟț
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȌțȔȈȑȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȍșȓȐ Ȕȕȍ țȌȈșȚșȧ ȖȚȠȓȐȜȖȊȈȚȤ ȟȍȟȍȊȐȞȣ șȖȖȚ-
ȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȍ ȔȖȍȔț ȋȓȈȏț Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȔȐȒȘȖșȒȖȗ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ 
ȘȈȏ" Ƕȕ ȉțȌȍȚ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȣ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȍ ȌȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȋ șȈȔȣȍ
ȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȔȐȒȘȖșȒȖȗȣ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȗȖȒȈȎȍȚ ȕȈȔ ȚȒȈȕȐ țȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ 
ȘȈȏ ǹȓȣȠȐȚȍ șȥȘ"  ȘȈȏ ȅȚȈ ȞȐȜȘȈ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȐȚ șȈȔȣȍ șȔȍȓȣȍ ȔȍȟȚȣ
țȟȍȕȣȝ ǰȔȍȧ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȔȐȒȘȖșȒȖȗ Ȋ ȠȍșȚȤ ȘȈȏ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ ȕȣȕȍȠȕȐȝ ȧ ȉțȌț

șȣȗȈȚȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȧ ȒȈȒ Ȑȏ ȘȖȋȈ ȐȏȖȉȐȓȐȧ Ȑ ȊșȦ ȕȈțȒț ȌȊȐȕț ȕȈ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȗțȚȤ
— ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ȌȍȘȎȐȚȍșȤ — ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȓȖȘȌ
ȇ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ țȊȓȍȒșȧ șȊȖȐȔ ȒȘȈșȕȖȘȍȟȐȍȔ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȒȈȒ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȊȌȘțȋ
țșȐȓȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȖșȣȗȈȓ ȕȈș ȌȖȎȌȍȔ ȗȍșȟȐȕȖȒ Ȑ ȒȈȔȍȠȒȖȊ
ǹȓȍȌțȦȡȐȔ ȗȖȘȣȊȖȔ ȊȍȚȘȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȊȈȓȐȓȖ ș ȕȖȋ Ȑ ȧ ȗȓȈșȚȖȔ ȘȈșȚȧȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ
ȏȍȔȓȍ ǵȈȌ ȕȈȔȐ ȏȈșȊȐșȚȍȓ ȉȍȠȍȕȣȑ ȊȐȝȘȤ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ țȚȐȝ Ȑ ȠțȔ ȖȚ țȕȖșȐȔȣȝ
ȐȔ ȓȐșȚȤȍȊ ȗȍșȒȈ șȍȔȧȕ Ȑ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓșȧ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȓȖȘȌ ǷțȞ-
ȒȐȕș țȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȖȉȍȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȏȈ ȚȖȓșȚȣȑ șȚȍȉȍȓȤ ȚȘȈȊȣ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȐȔ ȘȈșȒȈ-
ȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȇ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ țȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ Ȑ ȗȘȐȎȈȓșȧ Ȓ
ȕȍȔț
ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȊȍȚȍȘ țșȗȖȒȖȐȊȠȐȑșȧ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ș ȕȖȊȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ȏȈȠțȔȍȓ Ȋ
ȊȍȘȝțȠȒȈȝ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȓȍȚȍȓ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȠȒȊȈȓ ȇ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ ȖȗȖȔȕȐȚȤșȧ
ȒȈȒ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍșȍȚ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȔȖȐȔ ȒȈȔȕȍȔ ȇ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȓȍ-
ȟț ș ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȦ țȘȈȋȈȕȈ ȒțȊȣȘȒȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȕȖ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ ȍȡȍ șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȤ Ȓț-
ȌȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍșȍȚ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȐȓȐ ȊȕȐȏ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȚȖȓȟȖȒ Ȑ țȗȈȓ Ȋ
ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȔȘȈȟȕțȦ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤ

105
DZșȎȐȎ VII
ǽȅdzǹȉ ǹǼǾDz ǽȁȄǸǶǻǿ DzdzǹǮdzȀǿȍ dzǿȀdzǿȀǰǼǶǿǽȉȀǮȀdzǹdzǺ
ȃǶǴǶǻǮ ǻǼǰȉȃ ǾǼǯǶǻǵǼǻǼǰ
ȇ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȋțșȚȖȔ ȒțșȚȈȘȕȐȒȍ ǪȍȚȍȘ ȠțȔȍȓ șȊȐșȚȍȓ ș ȉȍȠȍȕȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ȋȕțȓ
Ȑ ȘȈșȒȈȟȐȊȈȓ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȔ șȈȔȣȑ ȖȉȣȒȕȖ-
Ȋȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȕȖ, ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȐȍ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȕȐȧ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ ȚȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
ȕȍȚ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȚȖȚ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ Ȕȕȍ țȘȈȋȈȕȖȔ
ȇ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ șȊȖȐȝ ȕȍȊȏȋȖȌȈȝ ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȚȖ ȊȣșȖȒȐȍ ȒțșȚȣ ȏȈȡȐ-
ȡȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȧ ȏȈȕȧȚ ȉȣȓ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȓȐȠȤ ȔȣșȓȤȦ Ȗ ȗȖȚȍȘȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȐ-
ȡȈ ȕȈȑȌȍȕȕȖȋȖ ș ȚȈȒȐȔ ȚȘțȌȖȔ ǫȌȍ Ȗȕ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȑ" ǻȕȍșȓȖ ȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȉțȘȍȑ ȗȖȌ
ȖȉȓȈȒȈ ȐȓȐ Ȗȕ țȗȈȓ ȘȈȏȉȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȐȏțȊȍȟȍȕȕȣȑ țȔȐȘȈȍȚ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȉȓȐȏȐ" Ǫȍ-
ȟȍȘ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ ȗȘȐ șȈȔȣȝ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȝ ǪȍȚȍȘ țșȐȓȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȊȈȓșȧ ȊȣȘȊȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧ ș ȒȖȘȕȧȔȐ Ȑ ȘȈșșȍȧȚȤ Ȑȝ ȗȖ ȉȍȓț șȊȍ-
Țț ǪȌȖȉȈȊȖȒ ȏȈȋȘȍȔȍȓ ȋȘȖȔ Ȑ ȝȓȣȕțȓ ȗȘȖȓȐȊȕȖȑ ȌȖȎȌȤ Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ
ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȉțȌȍȚ ȏȈȓȐȚȖ Ȑ ȏȈȚȖȗȓȍȕȖ ȇ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȊșȦ ȕȖȟȤ Ȋ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȍ
șȘȍȌȐ ȗȓȍșȒȈ Ȑ ȠțȔȈ ȗȈȌȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȌȖȎȌȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖȔȖȒ ȌȖ ȒȖșȚȍȑ ǹ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȓȐșȚȈ
șȚȍȒȈȓȐ ȊȕȐȏ ȗȖȚȖȒȐ ȊȖȌȣ Ȑ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȦ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȉȍȏȌȖȕȕțȦ ȗȘȖ-
ȗȈșȚȤ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȧ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȘȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȓțȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȊȠȐȑșȧ ȗțșȚȖȑ ȌȖȔȐȒ șȚȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȧ ȊȘȧȌ ȓȐ ȉȣ ȗȍȘȍȕȍș ȥȚȖȚ ȓȐȊȍȕȤ
ȅȚȐȔ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȔ ȗȟȍȓȈȔ ȧ ȖȉȧȏȈȕ șȊȖȍȦ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ
Ƿȟȍȓȣ ȥȚȐ ȗȖșȓȍ ȔțȘȈȊȤȍȊ șȟȐȚȈȦȚșȧ șȈȔȣȔȐ țȔȕȣȔȐ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȔȐ Ƿȟȍ-
ȓȣ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȒȈȒ Țȍȉȍ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȦȚșȧ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȤȦ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȧ.
ǵȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȐȌȣ ȗȟȍȓ Ȋ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȐ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȕșȒȖȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ țșȚțȗȈȦȚ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȔ
șȚȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȟȍȓȈȔ Ǫ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȋȕȍȏȌȈȝ ȔȈȚȒȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦȚ ȓȐȠȤ Ȋ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ șȓțȟȈȧȝ ȌȍȚȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȗȍȟȍȕȐȐ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ǹȘȍȌȐ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȕȣȝ Ȏȍ
ȗȟȍȓ ȒȈȎȌȈȧ șȈȔȒȈ — ȖȉȘȈȏȍȞ ȚȘțȌȖȓȦȉȐȧ Ȑ șȈȔȖȖȚȊȍȘȎȍȕȐȧ ǭȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ
ȕțȎȕȖ Ȍȓȧ șȍȉȧ ȓȐȟȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȌȈȎȍ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȤ Ȗ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȑ șȚȈȘȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȒȘț-
ȋț șȍȔȤȐ Ȉ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȞȍȓȤ ȍȍ ȎȐȏȕȐ — ȖȉȍșȗȍȟȐȚȤ ȉțȌțȡȕȖșȚȤ
șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȖȚȖȔșȚȊȈ
ǯȈ Ȋșȍ ȚȘțȌȣ ȕȈ ȌȖȓȦ ȍȍ ȕȍ ȊȣȗȈȌȈȍȚ ȌȈȎȍ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ șȊȖȐȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȚȈȒ
ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȧȚ Ȑȏ ȓȐȟȐȕȖȒ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȚ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȍȑ Ȑ șȓȍȌȈ țȎȍ ȕȍ
ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ǶȉȘȈȏ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȟȍȓ Ȑ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȐ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȊȣșȠȍȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ
ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣ ǴȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȖȔ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖșȚȘȖȍȒ șȓțȎȈȚ ȐȔ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ ȖȕȐ șȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȧȦȚ ǶȉȓȦȉȖȊȈȊ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȍ ȐȓȐ ȕȈ șȒȈȓȍ țȍ-
ȌȐȕȍȕȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȍȟȒȖ ȏȈȡȐȡȍȕȕȖȍ ȖȚ ȊȍȚȘȈ Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȕȖȍ Ȓ șȖȓȕȞț ȗȟȍȓȈ ȗȍȘ-
ȊȣȔ ȌȍȓȖȔ șȖȉȐȘȈȍȚ șȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȖșȚȖȐȚ Ȑȏ ȒȘțȋȓȣȝ ȗȍș-
ȟȐȕȖȒ ǶȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ Ȋȍșȕȣ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȗȖ ȊȣȝȖȌȍ ȍȍ Ȑȏ ȒȖȒȖ-
ȕȈ ǶȟȐșȚȐȊ șȚȈȘȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȍșȟȐȕȒȐ ȖȚ ȋȘȧȏȐ Ȑ ȗȣȓȐ ȖȕȈ șȓȍȗȓȧȍȚ Ȑȝ ș ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ
șȓȦȕȣ Ȋ ȠȈȘȐȒȐ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȖȦ Ȋ ȉțȓȈȊȖȟȕțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊȒț Ȑ șȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȍȚ ȗȖȉȓȐȏȖșȚȐ
ȉțȌțȡȍȋȖ ȋȕȍȏȌȈ ǷȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȊ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȒȐȘȗȐȟȐȒȖȊ ȖȕȈ
ȏȈȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȍȚ ȜțȕȌȈȔȍȕȚ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȊȖȏȊȖȌȐȚ șȚȍȕȣ ǸȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ ȖȕȈ ȕȍțȚȖȔȐ-

106
ȔȖ șȒȘȍȗȓȧȧ ȒȐȘȗȐȟȐȒȐ ș ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ șȓȦȕȣ Ǫ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ Ȍȕȧ ȗȍȘȊȈȧ
ȒȓȍȚȖȟȒȈ ȋȖȚȖȊȈ
ȇȟȍȑȒȈ ȥȚȈ ȌȓȐȕȖȦ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȌȦȑȔ Ȑ ȠȐȘȐȕȖȦ Ȋ ȗȖȓȌȦȑȔȈ ȗȖ ȜȖȘȔȍ ȖȕȈ ȕȈ-
ȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ ȕȈȗȍȘșȚȖȒ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧȟȍȑȒȈ ȋȖȚȖȊȈ ȗȟȍȓȈ ȊȝȖȌȐȚ ȚțȌȈ Ȑ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȧșȤ
ȊȖ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ șȋȓȈȎȐȊȈȍȚ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ ȠȍȘȖȝȖȊȈȚȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȕȍȘȖȊȕȖșȚȐ
ȕȈ șȚȍȕȒȈȝ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȕȍ ȚȍȘȧȧ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȖȕȈ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ șȖȉȐȘȈȚȤ ș ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ ȞȊȍ-
ȚȖȟȕțȦ ȗȣȓȤ Ȑ șȖȒ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȚ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȧȟȍȑȒț
ǯȌȍșȤ ȖȕȈ ȔȍșȐȚ Ȑȏ ȞȊȍȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȗȣȓȐ Ȑ șȖȒȈ ȚȍșȚȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ șȓțȎȐȚȤ
ȗȐȡȍȑ ȉțȌțȡȐȔ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȧȔ ȧȟȍȑȒȐ
ǹȚȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȟȍȓȈ șȖȉȐȘȈȍȚ ȞȊȍȚȖȟȕțȦ ȗȣȓȤ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȧ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȕȖȎȒȈȝ ȡȍȚȖ-
ȟȍȒ ȒȈȒȐȔȐ ȖȌȈȘȍȕȣ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȟȍȓȣ ǪȔȍșȚȖ ȡȍȚȖȟȍȒ ț ȕȍȍ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȍ
ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȡȍȚȐȕȖȒ ǶȕȈ ȚȘȍȚșȧ ȥȚȐȔȐ ȡȍȚȐȕȒȈȔȐ Ȗ ȞȊȍ-
Țȣ Ȑ ȕȖȎȒȈȔȐ șȋȘȍȉȈȍȚ ȕȈșȍȊȠțȦ ȗȣȓȤ ȕȈ ȡȍȚȐȕȒȐ ȉȘȦȠȒȈ DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȉȍ-
ȘȍȚ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȞȊȍȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȗȣȓȐ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȋțȚ țȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȡȍȚȐȕȒȐ ȖȕȈ ȊȖȏȊȘȈ-
ȡȈȍȚșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȍȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ
ǵȈȗȖȓȕȐȊ șȊȖȑ ȕȈȗȍȘșȚȖȒ ȗȘȖȊȐȏȐȍȑ ȚȘțȌȖȓȦȉȐȊȖȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȍ ȒȓȈȌȍȚ Ȋ ȕȍȔ
ȧȐȟȒȖ Ȑ ȏȈȔțȘȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ ǷȖȒȖȕȟȐȊ ș ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȧȟȍȑȒȖȑ ȖȕȈ șȚȘȖȐȚ ȚȈȒȐȔ Ȏȍ
șȗȖșȖȉȖȔ ȊȚȖȘțȦ ȚȘȍȚȤȦ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚțȦ Ȑ Ț Ȍ ǭșȓȐ ȗȖȋȖȌȈ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȘȐȧȚșȚȊțȍȚ ȗȟȍ-
ȓȈ șȚȘȖȐȚ Ȑ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȍȚ ȊȖșȍȔȤ Ȉ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȧȟȍȍȒ ǶȕȐ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȣ
ȕȍșȐȔȔȍȚȘȐȟȕȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȓȍȗȓȍȕȣ ȖȌȕȈ Ȓ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȗțșȚȖȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȐȔȐ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕ-
șȚȊȖ ȊȣȓȖȎȍȕȖ ȚȍȔ Ȏȍ șȈȔȣȔ ȞȍȔȍȕȚȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ șȒȘȍȗȓȧȓȐșȤ ȧȟȍȑȒȐ
Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ Ȋșȍ ȧȟȍȑȒȐ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȒȘȣȠȒȖȑ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȚȖȓșȚȣȔ
șȓȖȍȔ ȒȘțȗȕȣȝ ȗȍșȟȐȕȖȒ
ǺȈȒȈȧ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȈ ȗȖ ȗȘȖȟȕȖșȚȐ șȊȖȍȑ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ țșȚțȗȈȍȚ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑ-

107
ȒȈȔ ǰ ȍșȓȐ Țȍȉȍ țȌȈșȚșȧ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȋȕȍȏȌȖ ȓȐȟȐȕȖȒ șȚȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȟȍȓȣ
ȚȖ Țȣ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȗȍȘȖȟȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȖȎȐȒȈ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȖȘȐȠȤ ȍȋȖ ǶȕȖ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ, ȒȈȒ
șȒȈȓȈ ȇ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ «ȍșȓȐ Țȍȉȍ țȌȈșȚșȧ» ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȋȕȍȏȌȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȚȘțȌ-
ȕȖ dzȖȊȒȈȧ ȗȟȍȓȈ ȚȈȒ țȔȍȓȖ șȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ șȊȖȍ ȋȕȍȏȌȖ ȟȚȖ șȕȈȘțȎȐ ȍȋȖ șȒȖȘȍȑ ȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȏȈ ȏȈșȖȝȠȐȑ ȒȖȔ ȋȘȧȏȐ ȕȍȎȍȓȐ ȏȈ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒț ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȗȖȓȖȎȍ-
ȕȖ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȘțȌȈ Ȑ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
ǵȖ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ șȗȘȖșȐȠȤ Țȣ ȗȘȖȉȐȊȈȦȚ ȥȚȐ ȚȊȍȘȌȣȍ șȚȍȕȒȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȗȟȍȓȒȐ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ț ȕȐȝ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȕȖșȚȤ ȊȣȘȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑȏ ȏȈȚȖȟȍȕȐȧ" ǴȈȚȒȈ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ-
șȧ ȗȘȍȌȊȐȌȐȚ ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȊșȧȟȍșȒȐ ȖȉȓȍȋȟȈȍȚ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȊȣȝȖȌ ȕȈ șȊȍȚ șȊȖȐȔ ȉțȌțȡȐȔ
ȌȍȚȧȔ ǹȖȖȘțȎȈȧ ȒȘȣȠț ȖȕȈ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȕȈȌ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ șȈȔȖȑ șȚȈȘȠȍȑ ȧȟȍȑȒȖȑ
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ ȏȈȌȍȓȈȕȕȖȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȖȕȒȐȔ șȓȖȍȔ ȗȍșȒȈ.
ǵț șȒȈȎȐ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȜȈȒȚ Ȑ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȓȐ șȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȥȚȐȝ ȌȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȊȐȌȕȣȝ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȑ ȈȊȚȖȔȈȚȈȔȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȉȍșșȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ" ǵȍȚ ȇ ȔȖȋț
ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ Țȍȉȍ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȕȖ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ Ȑȝ șȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț
ȚȘțȌț
ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȊșȦ șȊȖȦ ȗȘȖȟȕȖșȚȤ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȋȕȍȏȌȈ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȣȍ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȧȔȐ Ȑȝ,
ș ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȧȚ Ȋ țȗȈȌȖȒ ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȔȈȚ-
ȒȐ ȕȖșȧȡȐȍșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȊȈȦȡȐȍșȧ țșȚȘȖȐȚȤ ȋȕȍȏȌȈ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȚȐȊ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕȣ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȊșȚțȗȈȦȚ Ȋ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȕȐȍ ȐȔȐ ǶȕȐ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȗȖ-
ȟȐȕȐȚȤ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ ȋȖȚȖȊȖȍ ȋȕȍȏȌȖ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȊȣȋȖȌȕȍȍ Ȋ șȔȣșȓȍ ȥȒȖȕȖ-
ȔȐȐ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȕȍȎȍȓȐ ȊȣșȚȘȖȐȚȤ ȕȖȊȖȍ ǵȖ Ȍȓȧ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚșȧ ȋȖȘȈȏ-
ȌȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȔȣȠȓȍȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȕȍȎȍȓȐ Ȍȓȧ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȗȖșȚ-
ȘȖȑȒȐ
ǯȌȍșȤ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȎȍ ȔȈȓȖ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȐȊȕȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ Ȉ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚșȧ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ
ȘȈȏțȔȕȣȑ șȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȚȘțȌ
ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ
ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȓȍȕȐȊȈȧ ȗȟȍȓȈ ȘȍȠȈȍȚ ȖȋȘȈȉȐȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȚȖȊȈȘȒț ǪȣȎ-
ȌȈȊ ȔȐȕțȚț ȒȖȋȌȈ ȚȈ Ȋ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȐ ȖȕȈ ȏȈȊȓȈȌȍȊȈȍȚ ȍȍ ȌȖȔȖȔ
ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȗȘȐȓȍȚȈȍȚ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȈȧ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȐȞȈ dzȍȕȚȧȑȒȈ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ șȔțȡȈȧșȤ,
șȚȈȘȈȍȚșȧ șȐȓȖȦ țȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȏȈȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȖȍ ȋȕȍȏȌȖ Ȑ ȚțȚ țȎȍ șȝȊȈȚȒȈ ȘȍȠȈȍȚ șȗȖȘ
ȔȍȎȌț ȗȘȈȊȖȔ Ȑ ȕȈșȐȓȐȍȔ
Ƿȟȍȓȣ ȕȍȌȈȘȖȔ ȚȈȒ ȚȘțȌȧȚșȧ ȕȈȌ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȋȕȍȏȌȈȔȐ ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȤ șȍȉȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ-
șȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȊșȦ șȖȓȐȌȕȖșȚȤ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȟȍȓȐȕȣȝ ȌȖȔȖȊ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȓȐȟȐȕȒȐ ȟȈșȚȖ ȗȈ-
ȌȈȦȚ ȎȍȘȚȊȈȔȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȊȐȌȖȊ ȎțȒȖȊ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȧ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȖȚȊȓȍȒșȧ ȖȚ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ ǩțȘȧ ȕȍȐșȚȖȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ Ȑ ȊȍșȤ
șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ dzȐȠȤ ȗȖȏȌȕȐȔ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȊȍȚȍȘ șȚȐȝ ȌȖȎȌȤ Ȏȍ ȓȐȓ ȌȖ șȓȍȌțȦ-
ȡȍȋȖ țȚȘȈ ȇ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȐȌȍȚȤ Ȋ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕȈȝ ȌȖȔȐȒȈ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȑ
ȗȟȍȓȣ Ȑ ȎȌȈȚȤ ȗȖȒȈ ȊȍȚȍȘ Ȑ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȊȣșțȠȈȚ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȣ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȖȏȍȘ.
dzȐȠȤ ȕȈ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȧ ș ȊȖșȝȖȌȖȔ șȖȓȕȞȈ Ȋȣȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ șȊȍȚ ǩȖȎȐȑ
Ǫ ȔȖȓȟȈȊȠȍȔ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȓȍșț ȉȣȓȖ ȠțȔȕȖ Ȑ ȊȍșȍȓȖ Ǫșȍ ȟȚȖ șȗȘȧȚȈȓȖșȤ ȋȌȍ-
ȚȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȍȗȖȋȖȌȣ șȗȍȠȐȓȖ șȖȋȘȍȚȤșȧ Ȋ Țȍȗȓȣȝ ȓțȟȈȝ șȖȓȕȞȈ
Ǵȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȒȖȘȍȑ ȌȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȌȖ ȔȍșȚȈ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȧ ȉȣȓ țȕȍșȍȕ
ȊȍȚȘȖȔ ǬȖȘȖȋț Ȕȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȗȖ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧȔ ȋȖȘ Ȑ ȝȖȚȧ ȧ ȕȖȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȕȍ
ȎȈȓȍȓ ȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ țȎȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȚȍȔȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȓ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȑ Ȕȕȍ șȒȈ-
ȓȍ

108
ǵȖȟȤȦ Ȕȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍȌțȕȐȞ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȧ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȎȍȋ
ȗȍȘȍȌ șȈȔȣȔ Ȏȍ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȖȔ ȧ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȐȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ Ȑ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȏȈ ȚȍȔ țșȓȣ-
ȠȈȓ ȋȖȓȖș ȓȖȘȌȈ
ȇ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȍȔț ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț Ȑ Ȕȣ țȗȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț Ȋ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧ
ǶȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ țșȗȍȊȠȐȑ țȎȍ ȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚȤșȧ ș ȔȍșȚȕȣȔȐ ȊȍȚȘȈ-
ȔȐ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ țȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȊȍȚȒț Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ șȗȘȧȚȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖȍ Ȕȍ-
șȚȖ Ȑ Ȋȣȋȓȧȕțȓ ȖȚȚțȌȈ ȓȐȠȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȔȐȕțȓȈ ȋȘȖȏȈ
— ǬȖȒȚȖȘ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȕȕȍ, — ȧ Ȟȍȓȣȝ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ Ȍȕȧ ȌțȔȈȓ ȕȈȌ ȊȈȠȐȔȐ ȗȖ-
șȓȍȌȕȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ǶȕȐ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȏȊțȟȈȚ Ȋ ȔȖȐȝ țȠȈȝ ȇ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȑ Ȗ ȚȖȔ țȊȐ-
ȌȐȔșȧ ȓȐ Ȕȣ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȊȈȠț ȎȐȏȕȤ Ǫ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȉȖȧȓșȧ ȉȣ șȈȔ ȏȈ șȍȉȧ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȊ ȊȈș ȧ ȚȍȘȧȓ Ȑ ȥȓȐȒșȐȘ
ǵțȘȍȌȌȐȕȈ ǵȖ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȧ Ȗ șȍȉȍ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȓ DzȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȑ ȋȖ-
ȓȖș ȧșȕȖ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȗțȚȤ ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȗȖȑȚȐ Ȋ șȓțȟȈȍ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȕȣ
ȕȍ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ȇ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȐȚȤ ȊȈȠț ȔȍȟȚț ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ Ȋ șȊȍȚ
ȗȘȐșȗȖșȖȉȐȚȤ Ȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ ȔȐȒȘȖșȒȖȗ Ȑ ȖȚȌȈȚȤșȧ ȐȏțȟȍȕȐȦ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ
ȧ ȊȌȊȖȑȕȍ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊ Ǵȣ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȊȔȍșȚȍ Ȑ ȔȖȎȍȔ șȖȖȉȡȈ ȊȏȧȚȤșȧ ȏȈ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ.
ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ȧ ȊȈȠ țȟȍȕȐȒ Ȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ
— ǿȚȖ ȧ șȓȣȠț Ǫȣ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȔȐȓȖȘȌ ȘȈȏȊȓȍȒȈȚȤșȧ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȐȍȑ"
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȊȓȍȒȈȚȤșȧ ȧ ȝȖȟț Ȉ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ Ǫȣ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȕȖȊȣȍ
ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȣ Ȋȣ țȒȈȏȈȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȞȍȓȤ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȅȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȘȍȠȍȕȕȖȍ — ȧ ȊȍșȤ ȊȈȠ Ȑ
ȉțȌț ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȒȈ Ȋȣ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȍȚȍ
ȇ ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕȈ ȕȖ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȌȣȠȈȊȠȍȍ ȐșȒȘȍȕ-
ȕȐȔ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȖȔ Ȑ țȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȍȔ țȉȍȌȐȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȠțȚȐȚ ȇ ȉȘȖ-
șȐȓșȧ ȍȔț ȕȈ ȠȍȦ Ȑ ȖȚ ȊșȍȋȖ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȘȈșȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ
— ǬȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ Ȉȕȋȍȓȣ ȕȍȉȍșȕȣȍ ȊȕțȠȐȓȐ ȊȈȔ ȥȚț ȟțȌȍșȕțȦ ȔȣșȓȤ ǪȔȍ-
șȚȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ǿȚȖ ȏȈ șȟȈșȚȤȍ Ǵȣ ȖșȚȈȕȍȔșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ȍȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ
— ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ" — ȗȘȍȘȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȓȖȘȌ — ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȋȣ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȏȈȉȣ-
ȓȐ Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ ȔȐșșȐȐ"
— ȇ ȊȈș ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ șȥȘ! ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ ȊȈȔ ȕȍ ȕȈȌȖȍȓȐ Ȋșȍ Țȍ ȕȍȊȏȋȖȌȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
Ȋȣ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȍȘȍȕȖșȐȚȍ
— ȇ țȎȍ ȗȘȐȊȣȒ Ȓ ȕȐȔ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ șȓțȎȐȚȤ ȕȈȔ ȗȖȔȍȝȖȑ ǷȘȖȠț ȊȈș,
ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȖșȚȈȕȍȔșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȔȍșȧȞ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȈȔ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ
ȗȖȒȈ ȖșȍȕȕȐȍ ȝȖȓȖȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȋȖȕȧȚ ȕȈș Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ǯȈȚȍȔ șȥȘ ǩȐȋȋș
ȖȚȊȍȏȍȚ ȕȈș Ȋ ǪȈȘȠȈȊț Ȋ ȊȈȠț ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȦ Ȑ ȚȈȔ Ȕȣ ȉțȌȍȔ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ
ȌȖȉȤȍȔșȧ ȎȍȓȈȕȕȣȝ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȖȊ ǯȈȕȧȚȐȧ ȈșȚȘȖȕȖȔȐȍȑ ȌȈȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȧ ȉȍȘț ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȠȓȐȜȖȊȒț șȚȍȒȖȓ Ǵȣ țșȚȘȖȐȔ șȍȉȍ
ȔȐȒȘȖșȒȖȗ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȕȍ Ȋ șȚȖ Ȉ Ȋ ȌȊȍșȚȐ ȘȈȏ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȔ ȔȐȘț ȞȍȓțȦ Ȓț-
ȟț ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȑ ȇ țșȚȘȖȦ ȊȈȔ ȔȐȒȘȖșȒȖȗ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ Ȋȣ ȔȍȟȚȈȓȐ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ Ȕȕȍ
ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȋȖȌ ȚȘțȌȐȚȤșȧ Ȍȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȇ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȘțȒț ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȐȓȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ Ȋșȍ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍ-
ȕȐȧ
— ǹ ȟȍȋȖ Ȏȍ Ȕȣ ȕȈȟȕȍȔ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȓȖȘȌ
— ǷȖ ȔȖȍȔț — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — ȕȈȌȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȘȐșȒȖȊȈȚȤ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȤȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȞȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȍȓȧ ȊșȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȈ
ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȐȚȤ Ȓ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȖȏȈȉȖȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȗȉ țȉȍȎȐȡȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȉț-

110
DZșȎȐȎ VIII
DzǰǶDZǮȌȇǮȍǿȍ ǿȀdzǻǮ
ǷȖșȚȘȖȑȒȈ ȕȈȠȈ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȒȖȕȞț ǶșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȍȡȍ ȕȈȊȍșȚȐ ȒȘȣȠț Ȉ
ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȚȘțȌȈ Ȑ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȕȍ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓȖșȤ ȚȖ Ȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ țȊȍȘȍȕȣ ȟȚȖ
șȓȍȌțȦȡțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȔ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȔ ȕȖ ȏȈȚȖ ȕȈȠȍȔ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȌȖȔȐȒȍ
ǵȖ șțȌȤȉȈ ȘȍȠȐȓȈ ȐȕȈȟȍ
ǵȍȉȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȒȘȣȓȖșȤ ȚțȟȈȔȐ Ȑ ȟȈșȚȣȑ ȌȖȎȌȐȒ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȓ ȕȈȠț ȘȈȉȖȚț ǶȒȖ-
ȓȖ ȗȖȓțȕȖȟȐ ȌȖȎȌȤ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ ȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȊȠȐȑșȧ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȓ ȕȈȔ ȗȖȒȖȧ ȌȖ
șȈȔȖȋȖ țȚȘȈ ǻȚȘȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȟțȌȍșȕȖȍ ǫȖȓțȉȖȍ ȕȍȉȖ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȉȍȓȖșȕȍȎȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍȎ-
ȕȖ-ȘȖȏȖȊȣȔȐ ȖȉȓȈȟȒȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȊȍȚȓȐȊȖ țȓȣȉȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈȔ Ȑ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȖȒȘȈșȐȊȠȍȍ ȏȖ-
ȓȖȚȖȔ ȊȍȘȝțȠȒȐ ȋȖȘ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȓȖ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȕȈȠȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔ ȉȍȏȏȈȉȖȚȕȣȔ ȊȍșȍȓȤȍȔ.
ǵȖ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȕȈȠȈ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖ ȌȓȐȓȈșȤ ǵȍȉȖ șȒȖȘȖ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȌȍȘȕțȓȖșȤ ȖȉȓȈȒȈȔȐ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȕȖȟȤ Ȑ ȋȘȖȏȐȓȖ ȒȈȎȌțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț ȘȈȏȘȈȏȐȚȤșȧ ȓȐȊȕȍȔ
ǶȒȖȓȖ ȗȧȚȐ ȟȈșȖȊ Ȕȣ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ șȣȘȖșȚȤ ȊȣȠȓȐ Ȑȏ ȒțșȚȈȘȕȐȒȈ ȒțȌȈ țȒȘȣ-
ȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȍȗȖȋȖȌȣ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȕȈȠȍȔț ȌȖȔȐȒț ș ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ țȉȍȌȐȚȤ-
șȧ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȓȐ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȉțȘȦ ǵȈ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȍ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȍ ȓȖȘȌ ǷțȞ-
ȒȐȕș ȖȗȍȘȍȌȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȊȐȌț ȧ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ țșȓȣ-
ȠȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖș ȗȘȐȏȣȊȈȊȠȐȑ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ țȊȐȌȍȓ Ȑ ȍȋȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ Ƕȕ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓ-
șȧ Ȋ șȐȓȤȕȖȔ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȐ
«ǪȖȚ Țȍȉȍ ȘȈȏ — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȧ. — ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȌȖȔȐȒ ȕȈȠ Șțȝȕțȓ».
ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, ȓȖȘȌ ǷțȞȒȐȕș ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ
— ǬȖȘȖȋȐ ȕȍȚ ǬȖȘȖȋȈ ȏȈȋȖȘȖȎȍȕȈ ǹȒȖȘȍȑ șȒȖȘȍȑ Ǫȣ țȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑ-
ȕțȦ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț — ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȧ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ
ȇ șȘȈȏț ȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȚȈȒ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȖ
— ǶȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȎȐȊȈȧ șȚȍȕȈ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȟȍȘȊȧȟȒȖȊ ȗȘȍȋȘȈȌȐȓȈ ȌȖȘȖȋț Ȓ ȕȈȠȍȔț
ȌȖȔȐȒț ǶȕȐ ȎȍȓȚȖȊȈȚȖ-șȍȘȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȍ ș ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȒȈ-
ȔȐ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȘȐȓȐȗȓȐ ȌȘțȋ Ȓ ȌȘțȋț ȇ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȖȉȖȑȚȐ Ȑȝ Ȑ ȗȖȑȚȐ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȕȖ
ȕȐ ȕȈȓȍȊȖ ȗȐ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȖ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
— ǸȈȚȕȣȑ ȟȍȘȊȤ — ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȧ țșȒȖȘȧȧ ȠȈȋȐ — ǹȒȖȘȍȑ șȒȖȘȍȑ ȊȍȌȐȚȍ
Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȇ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȋȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȓ
dzȖȘȌ ȊȖȗȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
— ȇ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȦ ȊȈȔ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȧ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȔȖȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș — ȗȖȒȈȎȐȚȍ
ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȟțȌȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ Ȋȣ țȊȐȌȈȓȐ ȇ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȏȕȈȦ DzȈȘȗȈȚȣ ȐșȒȖȓȍșȐȓ
ǺȈȚȘȣ ȊȍȏȌȍ ȍȋȖ ȐșȒȈȓ Ȑ ȕȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓ ȅȚȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȍ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȍ Ȑ Ȋ
ǺȈȚȘȈȝ ȍȋȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȍȌȒȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤ
— ǷȖȋȖȌȐȚȍ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȧ
ȕȍȊȍȘȕȖ ȖȗȐșȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ
— ǵȍȚ-ȕȍȚ Ȋȣ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ Ȑȝ ȖȗȐșȈȓȐ ȅȚȖ ȓȐȟȐȕȒȐ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȖȋȖ ȘȈȚȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȚȍȔȕȖȒȘȣȓȈ
ȇ ȖȗȍȘȍȌȐȓ ȓȖȘȌȈ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ țȊȐȌȍȓ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț
ȈȘȔȐȧ ȓȐȟȐȕȖȒ ȘȈșȚȧȕțȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ șȊȖȍȔ ȊȍȓȐȒȖ-

111
ȓȍȗȐȐ
— ǵț ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ȗȘȖȑȌȍȔ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ" — ȖȏȈȉȖȟȍȕȕȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȓȖȘȌ
— Ǩȝ ȔȐȓȖȘȌ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ ȗȘȖȏȈȐȟȕȣ ǵț ȔȖȎȕȖ ȓȐ ȏȈȉȖȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ
ȗȍȘȍȑȌȍȔ ȌȖȘȖȋț ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȏȈȉȣȚȤ ȖȉȖ ȊșȍȔ Ȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȟțȌȕȣȔ ȘȍȌ-
ȒȐȔ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȍȔ ǴȕȖȋȐȍ ȕȈȚțȘȈȓȐșȚȣ ș ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ ȉȣ șȚȖ ȔȐȓȤ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȚȖ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈȔȐ Ȋ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț
— Ǫȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȐȕȚȘȐȋțȍȚȍ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȔȈșșȍ ȟȍȘȊȧȟ-
ȒȖȊ"
— ǻȎȍ ȖȌȕȖ ȚȖ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ Ȑȝ «ȔȈșșȈ» ȅȚȐ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ
ȉȣ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȐȔȍȚȤ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȕȈȌȖȉȕȖșȚȐ șȖȉȐȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȋȘțȗȗȣ Ȍȓȧ șȖȊȔȍșȚȕȖȋȖ
ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ DzȈȒ ȧ țȎȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ — ȥȚȖ ȓȐȟȐȕȒȐ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȝ ȘȈȚȕȣȝ ȚȍȔȕȖ-
ȒȘȣȓȖȊ ǹȘȍȌȐ Țȣșȧȟ ȊȐȌȖȊ ȒȖȔȈȘȖȊ ȖȕȐ ȖȌȕȐ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȦȚ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑȕ-
șȚȐȕȒȚ Ȑ, șȓȖȊȕȖ ȊȖȑșȒȈ Ȋ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ, ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȧȚ ș ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȔȍșȚȈ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȍ
ȅȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȖ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȍȚ ȐȕȚȍȘȍș Ȑ țȟȍ-
ȕȣȝ, Ȑ ȕȍțȟȍȕȣȝ ǵȖ ȗȖȌȖȑȌȍȔȚȍ ȗȖȉȓȐȎȍ
— ǹ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ ǹȒȈȎȐȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȥȚȈ șȗȓȖȠȕȈȧ ȔȈșșȈ ȟȍȘȊȍȑ ȗȖȓȏȍȚ
ȗȖ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȐȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȖȉȓȍȋȓȐ ȌȓȐȕȕțȦ ȗȈȓȖȟȒț Ȑ ȗȖ ȕȍȑ ȗȖȓȏțȚ"
— ǵȍȚ ȅȚȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȈȘȔȐȧ ȓȐȟȐȕȖȒ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧȡȈȧ ȓȍșȖȔ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ țȏ-
ȒȖȑ ȏȔȍȐ ȐȌȍȚ ȕȍ ȖȌȕȐȔ șȓȖȍȔ ȗȖ ȏȍȔȓȍ Ȉ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȍȊ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȊȍȘȝȕȐȍ
ȓȐȟȐȕȒȐ ȗȖȓȏțȚ ȗȖ ȕȐȎȕȐȔ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȖȉȘȈȏțȦȚ ȞȍȓțȦ șȚȍȕț ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȖȑșȒȈ
ȗȖȓȏȍȚ ȖȌȕȈ ȓȐȟȐȕȒȈ Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȘȐȓȍȗȓȧȦȚșȧ ȍȡȍ ȌȊȍ-ȚȘȐ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȊȍȌțȚ ȏȈ șȖ-
ȉȖȑ ȊȍșȤ ȗȖȓȒ ǵȍțȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȈ șȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ șȍȘȖȊȈȚȈȧ ȏȔȍȧ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȈ ȕȈ
șȍȉȧ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ țȟȍȕȣȝ Ȑ ȗȖșȓțȎȐȓȈ ȚȍȔȖȑ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȕȈȘȖȌȕȣȝ ȓȍȋȍȕȌ
ȉȈșȍȕ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȑ Ǫ ȕȈȘȖȌȍ ȥȚȖȚ ȟȍȘȊȤ ȐȏȊȍșȚȍȕ țȎȍ ș ȌȈȊȕȐȝ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ Ȋ ȕȈțȟ-
ȕȖȑ Ȏȍ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȍ Ȕȣ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȍȔ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȠȤ Ȋ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ ;9,, șȚȖȓȍȚȐȧ ǷȖȗȈȌȈȍȚ-
șȧ Ȗȕ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȘȍȌȒȖ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȍȋȖ șȖȉ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȈȓȖ ǺȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȒȘȖȊ ȖȒȘț-
ȎȈȊȠȐȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȘȈȚȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȊȧ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȉȣȓ șȖȘȊȈȕ
ȌȈ Ȑ ȚȖ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ǪȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȍ ȕȣȕȍȠȕȍȋȖ ȊȍȒȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ țȟȍȕȣȝ ȏȈ-
ȕȧȓȐșȤ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȥȚȐȝ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȝ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ǶȌȐȕ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȖȘȕȐȚȖȓȖȋ
ȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȍȚ ȌȖȉȐȊȈȓșȧ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȟțȌȖ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȋ  ȋ ȖȌȐȕ

112
ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤ ȓȍșȕȐȟȐȑ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȏȔȍȍȊȐȌȕȈȧ ȈȘȔȐȧ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȍȋȖ
ȓȍșț Ȑ ȗȘȐșȓȈȓ ȍȔț Ȋ ȉȈȕȒȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȐȟȐȕȖȒ ǵȈȚțȘȈȓȐșȚ ȊȣȘȈșȚȐȓ Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ
ȓȐȟȐȕȖȒ ȒȖȔȈȘȖȊ Ȑ ȖȗȐșȈȓ Ȑȝ șȈȔȣȔ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ Ǫ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȣ ȥȚȐ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȋȖȘȕȣȝ Ȑ șȣȘȣȝ ȓȍșȈȝ ȀȊȍȞȐȐ ǵȖȘ-
ȊȍȋȐȐ ǺȦȘȐȕȋȐȐ ȀȊȍȑȞȈȘȐȐ Ȑ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȌȘțȋȐȝ șȚȘȈȕ șȘȍȌȕȍȑ ǭȊȘȖȗȣ Ǫ
DzȈȘȗȈȚȈȝ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȑȝ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊțȍȚșȧ ȕȈȘȖȌȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍȌȊȍșȚȐȍ țȘȖȎȈȧ ǯȌȍȠ-
ȕȐȍ ȎȐȚȍȓȐ șȖȉȐȘȈȦȚ Ȑȝ șțȠȈȚ ȚȖȓȒțȚ Ȑ ȗȖșȣȗȈȦȚ ȥȚȐȔ ȗȖȘȖȠȒȖȔ Ȑȏȉȣ ȖȕȐ
țȊȍȘȍȕȣ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȑȏȉȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȒȈ Ȋ ȝȓȍȉȍ
— ǵȖ ȟȍȔ Ȏȍ, șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ, ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȍȕ ȖȉȘȈȏ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȘȈȚȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȊȧ" —
șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȓȖȘȌ ǷțȞȒȐȕș
— ǫȓȈȊȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȥȚȐȔ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ șȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȋțșȍȕȐȞ șȖȍȌȐȕȧȚȤ-
șȧ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖ ȏȔȍȍȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ Ȑ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȊȔȍșȚȍ șȖȔȒȕțȚȣȔȐ ȘȧȌȈȔȐ ǫț-
șȍȕȐȞȣ ȎȐȊțȚ Ȋ șȣȘȣȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ ȗȖȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȑ Ȑ ȗȐȚȈȦȚșȧ ȋȕȐȦȡȐȔȐ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧȔȐ.
DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȌȖșȚȐȋȈȦȚ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȣ ȖȕȐ ȊȌȘțȋ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦȚ ȕȍȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȐ-
ȔȖȍ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȝȖȌȧȚ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȐ ǪȣȠȍȌȠȐȍ ȗȍȘȊȣȔȐ șȒȓȍȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȊȔȍșȚȍ Ȑ ȗȖȓȏțȚ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Țȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋȣ-
ȠȓȐ ȗȖȏȎȍ ȗȘȐșȚȈȦȚ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ Ȑ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȗȖȓȖșȈ Ȋșȍ ȘȈșȚȍȚ Ȑ
țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ dzȐȗȒȈȧ ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȤ ȊȣȌȍȓȧȦȡȈȧșȧ Ȑȏ ȒȖȎȐ ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȣ
ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ șȐȓȤȕȖ șȒȓȍȐȊȈȍȚ Ȑȝ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȖȉȘȈȏțȦȚ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȖȌȕȖ ȏȔȍȍȊȐȌȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤ, ȒȈȒ ȊȍȘȍȊȒț Ȑ ȖȕȖ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȍȚșȧ ȅȚȈ ȏȔȍȧ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ
ȗȖȓȏȍȚ ȗȖ ȓȍșȕȣȔ ȌȖȘȖȋȈȔ Ȑ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȈȗțȋȈȚȤ ȕȍșȊȍȌțȡȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ ȈȘȔȐȑ ȉȣȊȈȦȚ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȍȘȠȒȖȊ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȈȘ-
ȠȐȕ ȌȓȐȕȣ Ȋ ȀȊȍȞȐȐ Ȑ ǵȖȘȊȍȋȐȐ ȖȕȐ ȌȖȝȖȌȧȚ ȌȖ ȌȊțȝ șȈȎȍȕ ȌȓȐȕȣ ǷȘȖȜȍș-
șȖȘ ǵȖȊȐȞȒȐȑ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȏȔȍȦ ȟȍȘȊȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȐȔȍȓȈ 3½ ȈȘȠȐȕȈ ȌȓȐȕȣ
— ǰȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖ ȉȣ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȊȍȓȐȒȈ ȥȚȈ ȓȍȕȚȈ ȟȚȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȓȏȍȚ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈ-
ȔȐ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ — ȖȕȈ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ.
— ǬȈȊȈȑȚȍ șȔȍȘȐȔ — ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȧ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȔț ȒȖȕȞț
ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȑ ȏȔȍȐ
ǸȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚ ȐȏȔȍȘȍȕȐȑ ȗȘȍȊȏȖȠȍȓ ȕȈȠȐ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȧ ȎȐȊȈȧ ȓȍȕȚȈ ȐȔȍȓȈ  Ȝț-
ȚȖȊ ȌȓȐȕȣ
— ǺȈȒȖȋȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȈȕȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȓȐ Ȋ DzȈȘȗȈȚȈȝ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȧ ș
ȊȖșȝȐȡȍȕȐȍȔ — ǬȈ ȏȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȍȚ ȥȚȖȚ ȋȐȋȈȕȚ
— ǬȈ ȏȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȍȚ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȤȏț ȕȈțȒȐ — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ ȓȖȘȌ ȗȖȌȉȘȈșȣȊȈȧ Ƞȓȧȗț
ȊȊȍȘȝ — ǵȖ ȘȈȏ Ȕȣ șȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȍ Ȕȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍșȚȐ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȚȡȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ ǹȖȋȓȈșȕȣ"
— ǶȟȍȕȤ ȘȈȌ ǽȖȚȧ ȕȈȔ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȏȈȔȍȌȓȐȚȤ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒț ǷțȞȒȐȕ-
șȚȖȕȈ ȕȖ ȏȈȚȖ ȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ ȔȐȘ Ȕȣ ȌȈȌȐȔ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ Ȑ ȗȖȌȘȖȉ-
ȕȖȍ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖȋȖ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȋȖ
Ǵȣ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ Ȓ ȈȊȈȕȋȈȘȌț ȏȔȍȍȊȐȌȕȖȑ ȈȘȔȐȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȌȖȊȖȑ ȟȍȘȊȤ ȊȣȉȐȘȈȍȚ ȌȖȘȖȋț Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȒțȌȈ ȉȣ Ȗȕ ȕȐ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ Ȋșȍ
ȉȍȏ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȕȐȧ șȓȍȌțȦȚ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ǪȌȘțȋ Ȗȕ ȌȖȗȖȓȏ ȌȖ ȧȔȒȐ Ȕȣ ȌțȔȈȓȐ Ȗȕ ȖȉȖȑ-
ȌȍȚ ȍȍ ȕȖ ȕȍȚ Ȗȕ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȧȔȒț Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȍȍ ǹȓȍȌȖȊȈȊȠȐȍ
ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȣ șȚȈȓȐ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȓȐ ȊșȦ ȧȔț ȕȐ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ
ȕȐȝ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȏȓȈ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȗȖȒȈ Ȋșȧ ȧȔȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȗȖȓȕȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈȘȈȊȕȍ ș ȒȘȈȧ-
ȔȐ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȌȕȐȍ ȗȍȘȍȠȓȐ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȎȐȊȖȔț ȔȖșȚț Ȑ ȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ƿȍ-

113
ȘȍȌȖȊȖȑ ȟȍȘȊȤ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ ȧȔȣ Ȉ ȊȖ ȋȓȈȊȍ șȚȈȓ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȟȍȘȊȤ ȚȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȧȔț ǩȣșȚȘȖȚȈ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ Ȋșȍ ȚȈ Ȏȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȌȊțȝ
ȜțȚȖȊ Ȋ ȔȐȕțȚț DzȖȋȌȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȧȧ ȟȈșȚȤ ȏȔȍȐ ȖȚȖȠȓȈ ȖȚ ȧȔȣ ȜțȚȖȊ ȕȈ  Ȉ Ȗș-
ȚȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȍȡȍ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȗȖ ȎȐȊȖȔț ȔȖșȚț ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȧȊȐȓȖșȤ ȕȖȊȖȍ ȗȘȍȗȧȚ-
șȚȊȐȍ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȏȈșȖȝȠȍȋȖ ȗȍȕȤȒȈ ȚȖȘȟȈȊȠȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȏȍȔȓȐ ǷȍȘȍȌȖȊȖȑ ȟȍȘȊȤ Ȓ ȏȈȌ-
ȕȍȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȐȓȍȗȓȍȕȣ ȍȡȍ ȌȊȈ ȟȍȘȊȧ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȗȍȕȤȒț
ȗȖȊȖȘȖȟȈȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȒȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ ȕȈȓȍȊȖ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȘȧȌ șȖșȚȖȧȊ-
ȠȐȑ Ȑȏ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ ȋțșȍȕȐȞ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȐȓșȧ ȕȈȌȊȖȍ ȚȈȒ, ȟȚȖ ȌȊȍ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȣ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȕȈ-
ȗȘȈȊȖ ȌȊȍ ȕȈȓȍȊȖ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȘȧȌ șȖșȚȖȧȊȠȐȑ Ȑȏ șȍȔȐ ȋțșȍȕȐȞ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȑ Ȑȝ
ȗȘȐȔȍȘț ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȧșȤ ț ȗȍȕȤȒȈ ȕȈ ȌȊȍ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȣ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȉȍ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ șȈȎȍȕȐ ȌȊȍ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȖȉȍȐȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȗȍȕȤȒȈ ȓȍȊȈȧ
ȒȖȓȖȕȕȈ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȈ șȖȍȌȐȕȐȓȈșȤ ș ȗȘȈȊȖȑ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȓȈ ȖȌȕț ȒȖ-
ȓȖȕȕț ǷȍȕȍȒ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț Ȋ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍȔ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȚȖȟȕȖ
ȉțȌȚȖ Ȋ Țȍȓȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȏȔȍȐ șȌȍȓȈȓȈșȤ ȌȣȘȈ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȚȖȘȟȐȚ șțȝȖȑ ȗȍȕȍȒ
Ǵȣ șȒȖȘȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȣ ȌȊȐȋȈȦȚșȧ ș ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ-
ȚȖȑ ǪȍȘȝȕȐȍ șȓȖȐ ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȓȐ șȊȖȍȦ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤȦ ȕȐȎȕȐȍ Țȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ șȒȖȘȖ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ Ȑ ȖȚșȚȈȊȈȓȐ ǹȈȔȣȍ ȊȍȘȝȕȐȍ ȖȗȍȘȍȎȈȓȐ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ Ȑ
șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȊȖ ȋȓȈȊȍ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ ǵȖ ȐȔ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȗȖ-
ȟȍȚȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȗȖ ȕȐȔ ȠȓȐ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȘȧȌȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȕȧȓȐ
Ȑȝ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȌȖ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖșȚȐ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȕȍțȔȍȓȣȍ ȗȘȍȌȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȐ ȌȍȓȈȦȚșȧ ȗȘȐȟȐ-
ȕȖȑ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ Ȋșȍȑ ȈȘȔȐȐ ǪșȚȘȍȚȐȊ ȕȈ ȗțȚȐ ȖȊȘȈȋ ȐȓȐ Șțȟȍȑ ș ȊȖȌȖȑ ȖȕȐ ȓȍȏțȚ
ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ șȓȍȌțȦȚ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ Șțȟȍȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒ ȖȕȐ Ȋșȍ ȚȖȕțȚ.
ǭșȓȐ ȌȊȍ ȈȘȔȐȐ ȐȌțȡȐȍ ș ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȣȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȦȚșȧ ȖȕȐ ȖȉȣȒ-
ȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ șȖȍȌȐȕȧȦȚșȧ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ǶȌȕȖȔț ȕȈȚțȘȈȓȐșȚț țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ ȚȈȒțȦ
ȊșȚȘȍȟț DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȉȍ ȈȘȔȐȐ șȚȖȓȒȕțȓȐșȤ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȐȔȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȏȈ-
ȔȍȠȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȓȏȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȈ Ȑ șȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȖȌȐȕ ȖȉȡȐȑ Ȓȓț-
ȉȖȒ ǵȖ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȐȍ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȣ ȊȣȘȖȊȕȧȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȏȈ ȕȐȔȐ
ȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ șȖșȚȈȊȐȊ ȖȌȕț ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȒȖȓȖȕȕț ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȋțșȍȕȐ-
Ȟȣ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȡȐȍ șȖȊȔȍșȚȕȣȍ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȧȚ ȕȍ ȖȚ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȔȈ-
ȚȍȘȐ Ȉ ȖȚ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ǹȈȔȖȟȒȈ ȘȈȚȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȈȘȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ  ȧȐ-
ȟȍȒ Ȉ Ȋ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȈȝ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȗȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Țȣșȧȟ ȋțșȍȕȐȞ ǺȈȒ ȐȏȔȍȘȐȊ ȕȈȠț ȏȔȍȦ,
Ȕȣ țȉȍȌȐȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ  ȋțșȍȕȐȞ
ǷțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ȋțșȍȕȐȞ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȦȚșȧ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȖȊ ǶȕȐ ȖȉȣȒȕȖ-
ȊȍȕȕȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȦȚ Ȑȝ Ȋ șȣȘțȦ ȗȈșȔțȘȕțȦ ȗȖȋȖȌț ȐȓȐ ȌȖ ȊȖșȝȖȌȈ șȖȓȕȞȈ DzȖȋ-
ȌȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȗȍȒȈȚȤ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȑȌȍȚ ȌȖȎȌȤ ȗȍȘȍȌȖȊȣȍ ȘȧȌȣ Ȗș-
ȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȈ ȘȈȏȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȈȧ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȈ șȚȈȘȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖșȒȖȘȍȍ
șȒȘȣȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ țȒȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȍȟȒȖ ȋȌȍ ȖȕȈ ȖȚȌȣȝȈȍȚ Ȑ ȏȈȒțșȣȊȈȍȚ
ȋȕȐȦȡȐȔȐ ȖșȚȈȚȒȈȔȐ ȔȝȖȊ ȒȖȘȍȠȒȖȊ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ Ȑ Ț ȗ ǷȘȐȌȍȚ ȗȖȘȈ ȗțșȒȈȚȤșȧ
șȕȖȊȈ Ȋ ȗțȚȤ ȖȕȐ, ȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȍ șȖȉȐȘȈȦȚșȧ șȒȓȍȐȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȓȏțȚ șȍȉȍ
ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
— ǵȖ șȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȘȈȌȐ ǩȖȋȈ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ș ȒȈȒȖȦ ȞȍȓȤȦ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȖȕȐ ȚȈ-
ȒȐȍ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȐ"
— Dz șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȦ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȊȈȠ ȊȖȗȘȖș ǬȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ țȟȍ-
ȕȣȝ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȌȖȐșȒȈȚȤșȧ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ ȥȚȐȝ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȗȍȘȍȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȑ ǪȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓț-
ȟȈȍ, ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȉȍȋșȚȊȖ ȖȚ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȧȌȕȣȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȍ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȐȏȉȍȋȈȦȚ ȋțșȍ-

ȕȐȞ ȘȈȚȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȈȘȈ Ȉ ȊȘȈȋȐ Ȑȝ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊțȦȚ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȐȔȐ
— DzȈȒ ȚȈȒ" ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ ȏȈ ȊȘȈȋȐ"
— dzȐȟȐȕȒȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȔțȝȐ ǶȕȐ ȎȐȊțȚ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȓȐȟȐȕȒȈȔȐ ȟȍȘȕȖȒȘȣȓȈ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȒȈ ȥȚȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȖȚȌȣȝȈȦȚ Ȑ ȗȐȚȈȦȚșȧ ȕȍ ȚȘȖȋȈȦȚ Ȑȝ ǵȖ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȟȐ-
ȕȈȍȚșȧ Ȗȉȡȍȍ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ȖȕȐ ȊȚȐȘȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȘȧȌȣ ȗțȚȕȐȒȖȊ șȈȌȧȚșȧ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ Ȑ
ȍȌȧȚ Ȑȝ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȍ ȏȈȊȍȌȍȚșȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȗȈȘȈȏȐȚȖȊ
Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗțȚȐ ȉȍȏȎȈȓȖșȚȕȖ ȋȘȣȏțȚ Ȑ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȈȦȚ ȉȍȌȕȣȝ ȘȈȚȕȣȝ
ȟȍȘȊȍȑ
— ǷȘȍȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȈȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ ǫȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȐȝ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȟȍȘȊȍȑ ȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊȖȖȉ-
ȘȈȎȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȑȝ ȉȐȖȋȘȈȜȐȧ ȚȈȒ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȈ
— ȇ ȊȈȔ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȣ ȍȍ ǶȟȍȕȤ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȣȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȤȧ șȊȧȏȈȕȣ
ș ȕȐȔȐ Ȋ ȕȈȘȖȌȍ ǺȈȒ Ȋ ǺȦȘȐȕȋȐȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȈ ȟȍȘȊȍȑ ȗȖȓȏȍȚ Ȋ
ȋȖȘț ȥȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȊȍȡȈȍȚ ȊȖȑȕț ȍșȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȋȖȘț — ȔȐȘ Ǫ ȀȊȍȞȐȐ Ȑ ǵȖȘȊȍȋȐȐ ȗȘȐ
ȗȘȖȝȖȌȍ ȘȈȚȕȣȝ ȟȍȘȊȍȑ ȉȘȖșȈȦȚ ȐȔ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋț ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȐȒȐ ȍșȓȐ ȟȍȘȊȐ
ȗȘȖȑȌțȚ ȗȖ ȥȚȐȔ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȈȔ ȉȘȖșȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȍȚ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȍșȓȐ ȖȉȖȑȌțȚ șȚȖȘȖ-
ȕȖȑ — șȔȍȘȚȤ ȐȓȐ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ ǯȌȍșȤ Ȋ DzȈȘȗȈȚȈȝ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȤȍ ȒȚȖ
ȕȈȑȌȍȚ ȘȈȚȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȊȧ ȚȖȚ ȉțȌȍȚ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊ Ȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕțȎȌȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȝȓȍȉȍ
— ǹȓȈȊȈ ǩȖȋț — ȊșȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ. — ǯȕȈȟȐȚ Ȑ ȕȈȔ ȕȈȠȐ ȟȍȘȊȐ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȊȍȡȈȦȚ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȐȍ ǶȚȓȐȟȕȖ ǷȖȑȌȍȔ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȐȔ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȍȚșȧ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȐȏȊȍ-
șȚȐȍ Ȑ Ȟȍȓ ȓȐ ȕȈȠ ȌȖȔȐȒ
ǯȔȍȍȊȐȌȕȈȧ ȈȘȔȐȧ ȖȟȐșȚȐȓȈ ȕȈȔ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȗțȚȤ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ
șȊȖȍȑ ȗȖșȚȘȖȑȒȍ

115
DZșȎȐȎ IX
ǹǶǿȀǼǰdzǾȀǸǶ ǽǿǶȃdzǶ ǺǮǿǸǮǾǮDz
ǬȖȔȐȒ ȕȈȠ șȚȖȧȓ Ȟȍȓ Ȑ ȕȍȊȘȍȌȐȔ Ǵȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ șȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȓȐ
șȚȍȕȣ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ ș ȟȍșȚȤȦ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȓȐ ȕȈȗȖȘ ȕȈȒȖȗȐȊȠȍȑșȧ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȊȖȌȣ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȈȠȓȈ șȍȉȍ ȊȣȝȖȌ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ ǵȍȌȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖ ȍȡȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȘȣȠȐ Ȑ Ȕȣ
ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȘȈȉȖȚț
ǵȈȌ ȌȖȔȐȒȖȔ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȒȖȓȣȝȈȓȈșȤ ȊȍȚȒȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȕȣ șȒȖȘȖ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȓȐșȚ
ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȑ ȕȈȔ Ȍȓȧ ȒȘȣȠȐ ǶșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȊșȒȈȘȈȉȒȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȊȍȚȒț șȖȘ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȓȐșȚ Ȑ ȖȗțșȚȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȣ
Ǭȓȧ ȗȓȖȚȕȐȒȈ ȐȓȐ Ȍȓȧ ȟȓȍȕȈ ȗȖȎȈȘȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȣ ȥȚȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈ-
ȊȐȓȖ ȉȣ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȏȈȚȘțȌȕȍȕȐȧ ǵȈȔ Ȏȍ ȕȍ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȔ Ȋ ȚȈȑȕȣ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ ȗȘȐ ȕȈȠȐȝ șȓȈȉȣȝ șȐȓȈȝ Ȑ ȔȈȓȖȔ ȘȖșȚȍ ȥȚȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȌȍȓȖȔ ȕȍ-
ȓȍȋȒȐȔ
Dz șȟȈșȚȤȦ Ȕȣ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȠȈȋȈȝ ȖȚ șȍȉȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ ȋțșȍȕȐȞț ȉȘȖȌȐȊȠțȦ
Ȋ ȗȖȐșȒȈȝ ȏȈ ȕțȎȕȖȑ ȍȑ ȚȘȈȊȒȖȑ Ȑ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȐ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȖȦ ȕȐȚȒȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȧ-
ȓȈ ȕȈ ȊșȍȔ șȊȖȍȔ ȗțȚȐ ȅȚȈ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȈȧ ȗȘȧȎȈ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȊȠȈȧ ȚȍȓȖ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȣ
ȕȈ șȒȖȓȤȏȒȐȝ Ȑ ȕȍȘȖȊȕȣȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȕȈȔ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ țșȓțȋț ǹ ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ ȍȍ
Ȕȣ șȗțșȚȐȓȐ ȕȈȠț ȒȘȣȠț Ȑ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȐȓȐ ȍȍ Ȓ șȚȍȕȈȔ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔȐ ȒȈȔȕȧȔȐ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȕȣ țȎȍ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ Ȑ șȈȔȖȌȖ-
ȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȈ
— ǵț șȓȈȊȈ ǩȖȋț ǪȖȚ ț ȕȈș ȍșȚȤ Ȑ șȊȖȑ țȋȖȓ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȓȖȘȌ ȊȣȚȐȘȈȧ
ȗȓȈȚȒȖȔ șȊȖȍ ȊșȗȖȚȍȊȠȍȍ ȓȐȞȖ — DzȈȒ ȖȕȈ ȒșȚȈȚȐ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ ȥȚȈ ȔȐȓȈȧ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȈ.
DzȈȒȖȑ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȌȣ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ"
— ǺȖȟȕȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȊȈȔ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȈ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȈ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȐ
ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȡȍȑ Ȓ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊț șțȔȍȘȍȟȕȣȝ ȉȈȉȖȟȍȒ ȐȓȐ ȉȘȈȎȕȐȒȖȊ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȣ
ȌȕȍȊȕȣȝ ȉȈȉȖȟȍȒ ȚȒțȚ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȚȖȕȒțȦ ȗȘȧȎț Ȉ ȕȈȠȈ ȕȍ ȗȖșȒțȗȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȌȈȓȈ ȕȈȔ
șȓȈȊȕțȦ ȊȍȘȍȊȖȟȒț
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ Ȋșȍ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȐ ȗȘȧȌțȚ ȗȘȧȎț"
— ǬȈ ȗȖȒȈ ȖȕȐ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȣ ȖȕȐ Ȋșȍ ȊȣȌȍȓȧȦȚ ȒȓȍȑȒțȦ ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȤ ȐȔȍȦȡțȦ
șȊȖȑșȚȊȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȚȊȍȘȌȍȚȤ ȗȘȐ șȖȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȐ ș ȊȖȏȌțȝȖȔ Ȋșȍ ȖȕȐ ȊȣȌȍ-
ȓȧȦȚ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȐșȚȣȝ ȕȐȚȖȒ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȌȕȐ ȖȕȐ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȦȚ
ȥȚȐȔ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖȔ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȍ Ȋ șȓțȟȈȍ ȕȈȌȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȚȒțȚ șȍȉȍ ȖȉȖ-
ȓȖȟȒț ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȟȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ ǹȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ ȥȚȈ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȉȓȈȋȖ-
ȌȍȚȍȓȤȕȈ Ȋ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ ȖȒțȒȓȍȕȐȧ Ȍȓȧ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘȖȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȎȐȊțȚ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȤȕȖȔ ȊȖȏ-
Ȍțȝȍ ȋȌȍ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȈȧ ȒțȒȖȓȒȈ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ ȖȝȘȈȕȣ ǻ ȕȈș ȓȦȌȍȑ ȔȓȈȌȍȕȞȍȊ ȗȖ-
ȔȍȡȈȦȚ Ȋ ȒȖȓȣȉȍȓȤȒȐ Ȑ ȌȍȚȐ ȕȈȠȐ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȓȍȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ
ȕȍ țȔȍȦȚ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȍșȚȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȐȔ ȌȈȦȚ Ȑ ȗȓȈȒȈȚȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȣ ǵȍ ȚȖ
ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ț ȉȈȉȖȟȍȒ DzȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȈ țȊȐȌȐȚ șȊȍȚ ȖȕȈ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȉȍȘȍȚșȧ ȏȈ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚț Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȈȔȈ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȍȚ șȍȉȍ ȒȖȓȣȉȍȓȤ Ȑȏ ȒȈȔȍȠȒȖȊ ȐȓȐ ȓȐ-
șȚȤȍȊ Ȉ ȚȖ Ȑ Ȑȏ ȟȐșȚȖȋȖ ȠȍȓȒȈ ǫțșȍȕȐȞȣ Ȏȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȉȝȖȌȧȚșȧ ȉȍȏ ȒȖȓȣȉȍ-
ȓȐ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȦȚ ȗȘȧȎț Ȍȓȧ șȊȖȍȑ ȏȈȡȐȚȣ Ǫ șȓțȟȈȍ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ șȐȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȊȍȚȘȈ,

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ȖȕȐ ș ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ ȗȘȧȎȐ ȗȘȐȞȍȗȓȧȦȚșȧ Ȓ ȒȈȒȖȔț-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȓȐșȚț ȍșȓȐ Ȏȍ ȊȍȚȍȘ
Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ șȌțȍȚ Ȑȝ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȓȍȚȧȚ ȊȕȐȏ Ȉ ȚȐȝȖȕȤȒȖ șȗțșȒȈȦȚșȧ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȕȐȚȖȟȒȍ
ȐȏȉȍȋȈȧ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȧ
ǷȖ ȥȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȕȐȚȖȟȒȍ ȖȕȐ ȔȖȋțȚ ȊȏȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ ȕȈ șȊȖȑ ȓȐșȚ ǺȈȒȐȔ Ȏȍ
ȗțȚȍȔ ȖȕȐ țȉȍȋȈȦȚ ȖȚ ȗȚȐȞ ȖȚ ȕȈȍȏȌȕȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ǵȍ ȉțȌȤ
ț ȕȐȝ ȥȚȖȑ ȗȘȧȎȐ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȐ ȉȣ ȗȘȐ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ Ȏȍ șȚȖȓȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȐ ș ȎȐȚȍȑșȒȐ-
ȔȐ ȕȍȊȏȋȖȌȈȔȐ ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȟȈșȚȤ ȊȣȋȖȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȍ ȐȏȊȓȍȒȈȦȚ Ȑȏ
șȊȖȍȑ ȗȘȧȎȐ Ǫȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȐ șȥȘ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ șȗțșȒȈȓȐșȤ ș ȌȍȘȍȊȈ
șȊȍȘȕțȚȣȑ ȚȘțȉȒȖȦ ȓȐșȚ" Ǵȣ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȕȍȔț ǴȖȎȍȚȍ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ
ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȓȐșȚȈ ȎȐȊȍȚ Ȑ ȗȐȚȈȍȚșȧ ȖȌȕȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȈ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈ-
ȡȈȧ Ȓ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊț ȉȈȉȖȟȍȒ-ȓȐșȚȖȊȍȘȚȖȒ ǵȈșȍȒȖȔȣȍ ȥȚȐ — ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȐȕȚȍ-
Șȍșȕȣȍ șȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȐ ǶȚȓȐȟȐȍ Ȑȝ ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȦȡȐȝ șȍȉȍ ȎȐȓȐ-
ȡȈ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȚ șȊȖȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȚȖȚȟȈș ȗȖ ȊȣȓțȡȍȕȐȐ
Ȑȏ ȧȐȞ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȦȚ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕțȦ ȓȖȊȒȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ Ȋ ȈȘȝȐȚȍȒ-
ȚțȘȍ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȗȟȍȓȣ ȔțȘȈȊȤȐ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ șȚȘȖȧȚ șȊȖȐ ȋȕȍȏȌȈ ȓȐȠȤ
Ȋ ȏȘȍȓȖȔ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȍ ǫțșȍȕȐȞȣ ȉȈȉȖȟȍȒ-ȓȐșȚȖȊȍȘȚȖȒ ȎȐȊțȚ ȖȚȠȍȓȤȕȐȞȈȔȐ ȒȈȎ-
ȌȈȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȍȓȤȍ ǶȌȕȐ șȊȍȘȚȣȊȈȦȚ ȓȐșȚȤȧ Ȋ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȚȘțȉȖȟȒȐ ȌȘțȋȐȍ
șȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȦȚ ȓȐșȚȤȧ ȗȖȗȖȓȈȔ ȚȘȍȚȤȐ șȊȍȘȚȣȊȈȦȚ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȘȖȕȒȖȑ Ȋ țȏȒȖȔ ȒȖȕȞȍ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ ȒțȌȈ Ȋ șȓțȟȈȍ ȟȍȋȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ șȗȈșȚȐșȤ ǷȖ-
ȌțȔȈȑȚȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚșȧ ȐȏȊȖȘȖȚȓȐȊȖșȚȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȐșȚȖȑ ȗȈțȚȐȕȒȐ ȕȍ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȧ ȕȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȕȐ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȈȔȐ
ȗȘȐȌȈȚȤ ȓȐșȚț ȎȍȓȈȕȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ Ȑ ȜȖȘȔț
— DzȈȒ Ȏȍ șȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȖȕȐ ș ȚȈȒȖȑ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȑ ȏȈȌȈȟȍȑ" ȅȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȐȕȚȍ-
ȘȍșȕȖ
— Ƕ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ țȔȕȖ ǷȍȘȊȣȔ ȌȍȓȖȔ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȈ șȖȍȌȐȕȧȍȚ
ȖȉȈ ȒȘȈȧ ȓȐșȚȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȔȐ ȗȖȗȍȘȍȟȕȣȔȐ ȓȐȕȐȧȔȐ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȖȕȈ ȐȏȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȐȓ
ȕȈȚȧȋȐȊȈȍȚ ȗȖșȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȕȐȚȤ Ȑ șȖȒȘȈȚȐȊ ȗȖ ȔȍȘȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȘȍȗȓȧȍȚ Ȓ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȔț ȕȍȘȊț ȓȐșȚȈ ǺȖ Ȏȍ șȈȔȖȍ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȌȍȓȣȊȈȍȚ șȖ ȊșȍȔȐ Ȗș-
ȚȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȕȐȚȧȔȐ Ȑ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȣȔȈȍȚ ȖȉȈ ȒȘȈȧ ȓȐșȚȈ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ
ȕȈȉȘȈșȣȊȈȍȚ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȘȧȌ ȕȐȚȍȑ ȚȈȒȐȔ Ȏȍ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ Ȑȝ ȕȈȚȧȋȐȊȈȍȚ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ
ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȣȑ Ȑ Ț Ȍ ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȒȈ ȖȉȈ ȒȘȈȧ ȓȐșȚȈ ȕȍ șȖȑȌțȚșȧ Ȑ Ȑȏ ȓȐșȚȈ ȕȍ
ȖȉȘȈȏțȍȚșȧ ȜțȚȓȧȘ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȑ ș ȌȊțȝ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ǬȘțȋȐȍ ȓȐșȚȖȊȍȘȚȒȐ șȊȍȘȚȣȊȈȦȚ
ȓȐșȚ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȧ ȖȚ ȖșȚȘȖȋȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ Ȋ ȠȐȘȐȕț ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȏȍ șȟȐȚȈȦȚ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȉȍȏȖ-
ȗȈșȕȣȔ ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȕȐȍ Ȋ ȓȐșȚȍ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȕȕȖȔ ȖȚ ȊȍȚȒȐ ǶȕȐ șȊȍȘȚȣȊȈȦȚ ȓȐșȚ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȧȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȍȋȖ Ȓ ȊȍȚȒȍ ȗȈțȚȐȕȖȑ Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȖȚȘȣȊȈȦȚ ȍȋȖ șȚȍȉȍȓȍȒ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȊȐ-
șȐȚ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȕȈ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȐșȚȖȔ ȠȕțȘȒȍ ǬȖșȚțȗ Ȋ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȍ ȎȐȓȐȡȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȘțȌȍȕ,
Ȉ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ ȓȐșȚȖȊȍȘȚȖȒ Ȑ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȍȕ ǭșȚȤ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȣ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȦȚ șȊȖȐ ȎȐȓȐȡȈ Ȑȏ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȘȧȎȐ Ȉ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȣ
ȔȖȓȐ Ȑ ȕȖȟȕȣȝ ȉȈȉȖȟȍȒ ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȧȦȚ ȘȈȏ-
ȘȍȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ Ȍȓȧ țȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȐȧ șȊȖȐȝ ȎȐȓȐȡ Ǫȣ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓȐ Ȋȍș-
ȕȖȦ ȕȈ ȕȐȎȕȍȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȗȓȖȌȖȊȣȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȊȍȘȚȐȒȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȝ ȚȘțȉȖȟȍȒ ȚȖȓȡȐȕȖȑ ș ȉțȓȈȊȒț" ȅȚȐ ȎȍȓȚȣȍ ȉȈȘȝȈȚȕȣȍ ȜțȚȓȧȘȟȐȒȐ — ȕȍ
ȟȚȖ ȐȕȖȍ ȒȈȒ ȗȈȓȈȚȒȐ ȒȖȟțȦȡȐȝ ȋțșȍȕȐȞ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚșȧ
ȕȈ șȊȍȚ ǩȖȎȐȑ Ȑ ȗȐȚȈȦȚșȧ ȔȧȋȒȖȦ ȟȈșȚȤȦ ȓȐșȚȤȍȊ ǷȈȓȈȚȒȐ ȥȚȐ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȣ Ȍȍ-
ȓȈȦȚ Ȑȏ ȟȐșȚȖȋȖ ȠȍȓȒȈ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȗȖ ȊȣȓțȗȓȍȕȐȐ șȊȖȍȔ Ȑȏ ȧȐȟȍȒ ǷȖ ȔȍȘȍ ȚȖȋȖ

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ȒȈȒ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȈ ȘȈșȚȍȚ ȗȈȓȈȚȒȈ ȘȈșȚȧȋȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȊȌȖȓȤ Ȑ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȖȊȣȔ șȓȖȍȔ
ȠȍȓȒȖȊȐșȚȖȑ ȗȘȧȎȐ ǫțșȍȕȐȞȈ șȗȘȧȚȈȕȕȈȧ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȗȈȓȈȚȒȍ șȢȍȌȈȍȚ ȓȐȠȤ Țț
ȟȈșȚȤ ȓȐșȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌ ȕȍȦ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȋȘȣȏȈȍȚ ȓȐșȚȈ
ȕȈșȒȊȖȏȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȥȚȈ ȟȈșȚȤ șȢȍȌȍȕȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȊȐȋȈȍȚșȧ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȗȈȓȈȚȒȖȑ ȕȈ
ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȕȍȚȘȖȕțȚȣȍ ȍȡȍ ȔȍșȚȈ ȅȚȐ ȒȖȟțȦȡȐȍ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍș-
ȕȣȔ șȗȖșȖȉȖȔ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȦȚ șȊȖȐ ȒȍȓȤȐ Ȋ ȊȍȘȚȐȒȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ Ǫ șȓț-
ȟȈȍ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ȋȘȖȏȧȡȍȑ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȚȤ ȖȚ ȓȐșȚȈ ȗȈȓȈȚȒț ȋțșȍȕȐȞȈ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ Ȓ
ȕȈȘțȎȕȖȔț ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȦ ȍȍ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȖȉȘȈȏțȦȡȍȑ-
șȧ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȗțșȚȖȚȍ ȗȈȓȈȚȒȈ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȓȐșȚț ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȍșȚȤ ȉȈȉȖȟ-
ȒȐ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȘȧȎȐ șȚȘȖȧȚ șȍȉȍ ȎȐȓȐȡȍ Ȑȏ ȔȝȈ
ȔȍȓȒȐȝ ȒȈȔȍȠȒȖȊ ȐȓȐ ȗțȝȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧȝ ǩȈȉȖȟ-
ȒȐ ȥȚȐ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣ ȗȖȌ ȖȉȡȐȔ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ȗșȐȝȍȑ ȐȓȐ ȔȍȠȒȖȕȖșȖȊ Ȑ ȏȈșȓțȎȐȊȈȦȚ
ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ǹȈȔȍȞ ȗșȐȝȍȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȎȐȊȈȧ ȐȏȧȡȕȈȧ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȈ Ƕȕ ȎȐȊȍȚ
ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȗȐȡȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȕȖ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȈ ȖȌȈȘȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ
ȗȈȘȖȑ ȓȍȋȒȐȝ ȒȘȣȓȤȍȊ Ȑ ȊȍșȍȓȣȔ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȖȔ Ȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȥȚȖȔț Ȗȕ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȗȖȗȖȘȝȈȚȤ ȗȖ șȊȍȚț ȕȈșȓȈȌȐȚȤșȧ ȒȘȈșȖȚȖȦ Ȑ ȏȈȗȈȝȖȔ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ ǹȈȔȒȈ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȈ
ȚȈȒ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȈ ǪȣșȚȘȖȐȊ șȊȖȦ ȚȍșȕțȦ ȒȍȓȍȑȒț ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȍȚ ȍȍ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȑ
șȔȍȘȚȐ Ǫ ȕȍȑ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚ șȊȖȍ ȌȍȚșȚȊȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȑȠȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ dzȐ-
ȠȍȕȕȈȧ ȒȘȣȓȤȍȊ șȖ șȓȈȉȣȔȐ ȕȖȎȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȋȘțȏȕȣȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ ȖȕȈ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȕȈȗȖȔȐ-
ȕȈȍȚ ȋțșȍȕȐȞț ȕȍȎȍȓȐ ȏȘȍȓțȦ ȉȈȉȖȟȒț
— DzȈȒ ȥȚȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȕȍșȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖ — ȊșȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȓȖȘȌ ȚȘȖȕțȚȣȑ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȦ
șțȌȤȉȖȦ șȈȔȖȟȍȒ-ȗșȐȝȍȑ
— ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ Ǫ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȗșȐȝȍȑ ȍșȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȕȈ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȈȧ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȈ Ȗ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȍȓ ȉȣ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȚȤ ǩȍȌȕȣȍ șȈȔȒȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦȡȐȍ ȕȐ-
ȒȈȒȐȝ ȘȈȌȖșȚȍȑ Ȑ țȚȍȝ ȌȍȓȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȔȈȚȍȘȧȔȐ Ȑ țȔȐȘȈȦȚ ǰ ȚțȚ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȤȚȍ șȍȉȍ ȥȚȖȚ țȎȈș — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȣȓțȗȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȓȐȟȐȕȒȐ ȕȈȉȘȈșȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈ
ȖșȚȈȕȒȐ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ Ȑ ȍȍ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ țȚȖȓȧȦȚ șȊȖȑ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȋȖȓȖȌ ǹȢȍȊ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ
ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȚȘțȗȍ șȢȍȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ ȖȕȐ ȘȈȏȉȍȋȈȦȚșȧ ȗȖ ȉȍȓț șȊȍȚț ȗȐȚȈȦȚșȧ ȘȈșȚȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ ȗȐȡȍȑ Ȑ, ȍșȓȐ ȖȕȐ șȈȔȒȐ șȚȘȖȧȚ șȍȉȍ ȒȍȓȤȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ șȚȘȈ-
ȌȈȚȤ ȊșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȘȔȐȚȤ șȊȖȐȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ
— DzȈȒ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȕȖ ȧ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ș ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȐȍȔ șȓțȠȈȦ ȊȈș ǪȈȠȐ ȘȈșșȒȈ-
ȏȣ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȕȣȔ
— Ǩ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȔȖȐ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ ȓȐȠȤ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȍ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ
ǵȈȌȖ șȖȏȕȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȚȘțȌȖȊ Ȗ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȔ Ȑ
șȖȚȖȑ ȌȖȓȐ ȟțȌȍș șȒȘȣȚȣȝ ȖȚ ȏȖȘȒȐȝ ȋȓȈȏ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȖȊ ǬȍȓȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕ-
șȚȊȖ țȟȍȕȣȝ ȌȖ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȍȋȖ ȍȡȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȉȓțȎȌȈȓȐ Ȋ ȗȖȚȍȔȒȈȝ ǶȕȐ ȐȏțȟȈȓȐ Ȑ
ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȜȖȘȔȣ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȓȐ Ȗ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȈȝ ȊȣȏȊȈȊȠȐȝ ȥȚȐ
ȜȖȘȔȣ Ǩ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, Ȋ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȍ Ȋșȍ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȗȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȍ Ȑ ș Ȑȏ-
ȊȍșȚȕȖȑ ȞȍȓȤȦ ǷȘȐ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖȔ ȐȏțȟȍȕȐȐ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ Ȕȣ ȗȖȑȔȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ
ȐȏȋȐȉ ȕȖȎȒȐ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȋȖ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȣȊȈȓșȧ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ
ȐȔȍȍȚ ȐȓȐ ȐȔȍȓ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȍ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ǯȖȖȓȖȋ ȉțȌțȡȍȋȖ ȗȖ șȚȘȖȍȕȐȦ ȚȍȓȈ ȕȈ-
șȍȒȖȔȖȋȖ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȗ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȈȌȐȧȝ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȧ ȗȖȑȔȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȣȟȒȐ Ȑ țșȓȖȊȐȧ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ȋȖȘȍșȚȐ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȚȟȈșȚȐ ȍȋȖ ȉțȌțȡȍȍ Țȍ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȔȍȕȣ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȕȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȕțȚȤșȧ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ ȓȖȕȍ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ Ȋ ȖȚȒȘȣ-
ȚȖȔ ȗȖȓȍ Ȕȣ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȒȈȒțȦ ȗȖȓȤȏț ȐȏȊȓȍȒȈȦȚ Ȍȓȧ șȍȉȧ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȍ Ȑȏ

118
ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȖȘȋȈȕȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȒȈȎțȚșȧ ȕȈȔ ȓȐȠȕȐȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȚȈȔ Ȕȣ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȗȖșȚȐȋȕțȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ Ȑ șȓȖȎȕȖȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȕȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȍȔȖȑ ȊșȍȓȍȕȕȖȑ
Ǫ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȠȈȋȈȝ ȖȚ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȎȐȓȐȡȈ Ȋ ȚȍȕȐ ȊȣșȖȒȐȝ ȚȘȈȊ ȘȖș ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ
ȉȓȍȌȕȖ-ȘȖȏȖȊȣȑ ȋȘȐȉ ǪȟȍȘȈ ȍȡȍ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ șȊȍȎ Ȑ ȕȍȊȘȍȌȐȔ Ȉ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȗȕ ȍȌȊȈ
ȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȖȎȒȍ Ȑ ȠȈȗȖȟȒȈ ȍȋȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȈȋȕțȓȈșȤ ȕȈȉȖȒ ǶȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȌ-
ȕȈ șȚȖȘȖȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȖȎȒȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȐȏȢȍȌȍȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ țȓȐȚȒȖȑ Ǵȣ
ȊȏȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȒȖșȔȈȚȣȍ ȓȐșȚȤȧ ȧșȚȘȍȉȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȋțȓȐȊȈȧșȤ ȗȖ Ȑȝ ȡȍȚȐȕȐș-
ȚȖȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȊȍȚȒȍ șȖșȍȌȕȍȑ ȚȘȈȊȣ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șțȡȍșȚȊ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȝ
ȕȈ țȓȐȚȖȒ
— DzȈȒ Ȋȣ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚȍ șȥȘ — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ — ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȈ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ"
dzȖȘȌ ǷțȞȒȐȕș ȗȖȒȘȈșȕȍȓ
— Ǫȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȠțȚȐȚȍ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ — ș ȟȍȋȖ ȊȈȔ ȊȏȌțȔȈȓȖșȤ ȥȒȏȈȔȍȕȖȊȈȚȤ
Ȕȍȕȧ" ǰȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ Ȓ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȦ ȟȚȖ ȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȓțȟȈȓ ȕȈȐȊȣșȠȐȍ
ȖȚȔȍȚȒȐ ȗȖ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȐȐ
— ǺȍȔ ȓțȟȠȍ Ǵȣ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȐȔ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȈȔȐ ȏȈșȓțȎȍȕȣ
— ȇ ȕȍ țȟȍȕȐȒ Ȉ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ ȊȖȗȘȖ-
șȣ
— Ǩȝ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ șȥȘ ȊȍȏȌȍ Ȑ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȉȔȈȕ Ȑ ȏȈȉȓțȎȌȍȕȐȧ ǵȍ Ȋșȍ
ȚȖ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȓȍșȚȐȚ
dzȖȘȌ ǷțȞȒȐȕș ȕȍȘȊȕȖ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȏȖȓȖȚȐșȚȣȔ ȉȈȒȍȕȉȈȘȌȈȔ Ȑ
ȗȖȒȖșȐȓșȧ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȒșȚȈȚȐ șțȕțȓșȧ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȖșȓȖȊȐȞȍȑ
— Ǫșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȒȈȒ ȕȐ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȣ ȔȖȐ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȍ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ
șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȚȤ șȖȉȖȑ — ȕȖ țȊȍȘȧȦ ȊȈș ȟȚȖ ȧ șțȔȍȦ ȖȚȓȐȟȐȚȤ țȓȐȚȒț ȖȚ
ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ
— Ǩ ȉȈȉȖȟȒț ȖȚ țȓȐȚȒȐ ȖȚȓȐȟȐȚȍ"
— Ǫȣ șȔȍȍȚȍșȤ ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ" Ǫȣ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ țȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȐ
țȓȐȚȒȐ — ȉȈȉȖȟȒȐ"
— ǬȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȓȖȘȌ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ șȊȖȐ ȗȧȚȍȘȒȐ ȗȖ ȏȖȖȓȖȋȐȐ Ȋȣ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȕȍ
țȔȍȍȚȍ ȖȚȓȐȟȐȚȤ țȓȐȚȒȐ ȖȚ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȐ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȊȈȔȐ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȐ Ȉ ȕȍ țȓȐȚ-
ȒȐdzȖȘȌ ǷțȞȒȐȕș ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ǫșȧ ȍȋȖ ȜȐȋțȘȈ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȏȐȓȈ Ȑȏ șȍȉȧ
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȊȖȗȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȏȕȈȒ
— ǹ ȊȈȔȐ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȚȘțȌȕȖ șȗȖȘȐȚȤ — ȔȧȋȒȖ ȕȈȟȈȓ Ȗȕ — Ǫȣ ȏȌȍșȤ ȒȈȒ ț șȍ-
ȉȧ ȌȖȔȈ ǵȖ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ Ȋȣ ȌȖȒȈȎȍȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȐ"
— ǬȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȍȚȘțȌȕȖ ǶȉȘȈȚȐȚȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ șȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ ȘȈȒȖȊȐȕȣ ǶȕȈ șȖș-
ȚȖȐȚ ȕȍ Ȑȏ ȞȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȐȏȊȍșȚȒȖȊȖȑ ȔȈșșȣ ȒȈȒ ț țȓȐȚȒȐ Ȉ șȓȍȗȓȍȕȈ Ȑȏ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȝ
ȗȍșȟȐȕȖȒ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȘȈȒȖȊȐ-
ȕȍ Ȋ ȊȍȘȝȕȍȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ț ȥȚȖȑ ȘȈȒȖȊȐȕȒȐ ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȒȖȊȖȍ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ ǰȏ ȘȈȒȖ-
ȊȐȕȣ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȍȚ ȌȈȎȍ ȟȍȘȊȧȟȖȒ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȑ ȕȈ țȓȐȚȒț
— Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ, ȥȚȖ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȈ ǵȖ ȏȈȟȍȔ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȗȘȍțȊȍȓȐȟȐ-
ȊȈȍȚȍ Ȑ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȈȧ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȈ" — ȊșȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȓȖȘȌ ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȧ
ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȗȖȉȍȎȌȍȕȕȣȔ — ǩȈȉȖȟȒȈ Ȑ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȈ — ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȘȈȏ-
ȕȐȞȈ
— ǭȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȦ ȔȐȓȍȑȠȐȑ ȓȖȘȌ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȈȔȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȏȘȍȓȈȧ ȉȈ-

120
ȉȖȟȒȈ ǶȕȈ ȊșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȘȈȒȖȊȐȕȒȍ Ȑ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ ț ȕȍȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ
ȊȣȘȈșȚȈȦȚ ǻȟȍȕȣȍ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȍȍ țȓȐȚȒȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȑ ȗșȐȝȍȍȑ ǶȕȈ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȐȕȚȍ-
ȘȍșȕȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȔ țȘȖȌșȚȊȖȔ ȅȚȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȔȍȘ
ȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȘȈȎȈȕȐȧ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ǵȈ-
șȍȒȖȔȣȍ Ȋ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȌȈ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȍ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȓȦȉȧȚ ȔȈșȒȈȘȈȌȣ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȟȈȡȍ ȌȈȎȍ ȟȍȔ ț ȕȈș ȊȖȓȒȐ Ȑ ȓȐșȐȞȣ ȘȧȌȧȚșȧ Ȋ ȖȊȍȟȤȐ ȠȒțȘȣ Ȉ Ȗșȓȣ
Ȑ ȋțșȐ — ȓȤȊȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖȘȓȈȔȐ ǩȍȌȕȈȧ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȈ ȊȣȉȘȈȓȈ șȍȉȍ șȒȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȒȖșȚȦȔ
ȗȖ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈȔ Ȑ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȍȚ Ȑȏ șȍȉȧ țȓȐȚȒț ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȏȈȟȍȔ ȕȈșȔȍȝȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈȌ
ȕȍȑ" ǶȕȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȖȉȔȈȕȣȊȈȍȚ ȖȕȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈȡȐȡȈȍȚșȧ
— ǵȖ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȈ ȊȣȐȋȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ țȓȐȚȒț" ǪȍȌȤ Ȑ ț țȓȐ-
ȚȖȒ ȕȍȔȈȓȖ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ
— ǵȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ǵȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȤȚȍ șȍȉȍ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȋȈșȚȘȖȕȖȔ ȓȦȉȐ-
ȚȍȓȤ ȔȧșȈ țȓȐȚȒȐ ȚȐȝȖȕȤȒȖ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȍ Ǫ Țț ȔȐȕțȚț ȒȖȋ-
ȌȈ Ȗȕ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȏȈȗțșȚȐȚȤ Ȋ ȕȍȍ ȏȈȖșȚȘȍȕȕȣȍ ȏțȉȒȐ Ȗȕ Ȓ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȑ șȊȖȍȑ ȌȖșȈȌȍ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȏȈȔȍȟȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ țȓȐȚȒȈ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ țȓȐȚȒȈ Ȉ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȌȘțȋȖȍ, ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȍ ȍȔț șțȡȍ-
șȚȊȖ Ȑ ȊȊȐȌț ȥȚȖȋȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȍȍ Ȋ ȗȖȒȖȍ ǴȕȖȋȐȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȍ ȌȖȊȍȓȐ
șȊȖȦ ȏȈȡȐȚț ȗțȚȍȔ ȗȖȌȘȈȎȈȕȐȧ ȌȖ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚȊȈ ǹȓȈȉȣȍ ȐȓȐ
ȕȍȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȊȐȌ șȐȓȤȕȣȝ Ȑ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȝ ǹȈȔȣȍ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȍȑ-
ȠȐȍ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȖȉȓȐȒ ȝȐȡȕȣȝ ȐȓȐ Ȏȍ ȎȍȓȈȧ șȌȍȓȈȚȤșȧ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȌȘȈȎȈȦȚ ȜȖȘȔȍ Ȑ ȞȊȍȚț ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȗȖȔȍȡȈȦȚșȧ ǴțȝȐ
ȒȈȒ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȐȔȍȦȚ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ Ȑ șȈȔȣȍ ȏȈȒȓȧȚȣȍ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ — ȥȚȖ Ȗșȣ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ ȎȐȊȤȍȔ ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ Ȑȝ șȊȖȐȔ ȓȐȟȐȕȒȈȔ ǵȍ ȉțȌțȟȐ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȏȈȡȐ-
ȡȈȚȤșȧ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȊȐȌ Țȍȝ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȗșȣ ȕȍ șȔȍȦȚ ȕȈȗȈ-
ȌȈȚȤ ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓȐ Ȋ Ȕțȏȍȍ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȐ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ Ȋȣ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȚȐȓȐ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ șȝȖȌșȚȊȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȕțȝ ș ȗȟȍȓȈȔȐ ȠȔȍȓȧ-
ȔȐ Ȑ ȠȍȘȠȕȧȔȐ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ȒȘȈșȒȍ Ȑ șȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȏȈȌȕȍȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȚȍȓȈ ǬȍȓȖ Ȋ
ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȔțȝȈȔ ȊȘȈȋ șȚȘȈȠȍȕ ȕȍ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȓȍȚȈȦȚ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
Ȑ ȋȘțȌȤȦ ȏȈȘȣȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȞȊȍȚȖȒ Ȍȓȧ ȊȣșȈșȣȊȈȕȐȧ șȖȒȈ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȧ ȕȈ ȊȐȌț ȐȔȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȏȈȌȕȦȦ ȟȈșȚȤ ȚȍȓȈ ǰ ȍșȓȐ ȥȚȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ țȗȖȌȖȉȓȧȍȚșȧ ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȟȈșȚȐ ȠȍȘ-
Ƞȕȧ ȐȓȐ Ȗșȣ ȊȘȈȋ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȠȐȑ șȒȓȖȕȧȚȤșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȐȓȖȑ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȚ ȔȐȔȖ ȉȍȏȖ-
ȘțȎȕȖȑ ȔțȝȐ ș ȚȈȒȐȔ Ȏȍ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȐȍȔ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔȐ ȋȘȖȏȕȣȔȐ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȔȐ
ǺȖ Ȏȍ Ȕȣ ȊȐȌȐȔ Ȑ șȘȍȌȐ ȉȈȉȖȟȍȒ ǹȍȏȐȐ, ȐȓȐ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȐȞȣ șȉȘȈșȣȊȈȦȚ ȗȖȟȚȐ
Ȋșȍ ȟȍȠțȑȒȐ ȕȈ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȝ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȔȐ ȕȈ țȏȒȐȍ ȒȘȣ-
ȓȤȧ ȗȟȍȓ ǮțȟȒȐ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȊȐȌ ȒȓȖȗȖȊ Ȗș Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ǵȖ ȊșȍȋȖ țȌȐ-
ȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȍȍ țȔȍȕȐȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȖȒȘȈȠȐȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ Țȍ ȞȊȍȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔȖȋțȚ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ
Ȑȝ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȔȐ ǺȈȒ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȣ ȗȧȌȍȕȐȞ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȒȘȈȠȐȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȞȊȍȚ ȚȖȋȖ ȘȈș-
ȚȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȖȕȐ Ȋ ȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚșȧ ǵȈ ȎȍȓȚȣȝ ȞȊȍȚȈȝ ȖȕȐ
ȎȍȓȚȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȒȘȈșȕȣȝ ȖȕȐ ȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȉȍȓȣȝ — ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ ȅȚȈ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ
ȗȘȐșȗȖșȖȉȓȍȕȐȧ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȊȍȒȈȔȐ
— ǬȈ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ Ȋ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȍ Ȋșȍ șȖȏȌȈȕȖ ș ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȦ ȞȍȓȤȦ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȓȖȘȌ
— ǵț ȗȖȓȖȎȐȔ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȈ ȖȒȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȚ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȈșȍ-
ȒȖȔȣȝ Ȋ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȐȓȐ ȎȍȓȚȣȑ ȞȊȍȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȏȈȡȐȚȐȚȤ Ȑȝ ȖȚ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ ǹȒȖȘȍȍ ȕȈ-
ȌȖȉȕȖ ȌȖȗțșȚȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȎȐȊȍȚ Ȋ ȚȘȈȊȍ ȟȚȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕ-
șȚȊȖ ȍȋȖ șȖȉȘȈȚȐȑ, ȐȕȈȟȍ ȖȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȝ, ȗȖȋȐȉȓȐ Ȑ Ȑȏ ȞȍȓȖȋȖ ȘȧȌȈ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȑ Ȋȣ-
ȎȐȓȐ ȓȐȠȤ Țȍ ȖșȖȉȐ ȞȊȍȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȉȣȓ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȓ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȔț ǷțȚȍȔ ȕȈșȓȍȌșȚ-

ȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȟȐ ȞȊȍȚ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȧȓșȧ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ șȌȍ-
ȓȈȓșȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔ ǭșȚȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȖȝȖȎȐ ȕȈ
șțȝȐȍ ȊȍȚȖȟȒȐ ȓȐșȚȤȧ ȞȊȍȚȣ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȟȈșȚȐ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȖȕȐ ȎȐȊțȚ
ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȐ ȖȒȘȈȠȍȕȣ Ȋ ȊȍȘȝȕȍȑ șȊȖȍȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ șȈ-
ȌȧȚșȧ ȕȈ ȓȐșȚ Ȑȝ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȖȚȓȐȟȐȚȤ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ǶȕȐ ȚȖȋȌȈ șȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȦȚ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ Ȑ
ȕȐȎȕȧȧ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȥȚȐȝ ȒȘȣȓȤȍȊ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȘȈȏȘȐșȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȚȈȒȐȔ Ȏȍ
ȞȊȍȚȖȔ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ Ȏȍ ȎȐȓȒȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȓȐșȚȤȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȖȕȐ șȐȌȧȚ ǴȕȖȋȐȝ Ȕțȝ
ȔȖȎȕȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ țȓȍȚȈȦȚ ș ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ șȐȌȍ-
ȓȐ ǴȕȖȋȐȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȍ ȌȖ ȐȓȓȦȏȐȐ ȗȖȝȖȎȐ ȕȈ ȊȍȚȒȐ ȓȐșȚȤȧ Ȑ ȞȊȍȚȣ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȝ ȖȕȐ ȎȐȊțȚ ǸȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧ Ȋ Ȕțȏȍȍ ȗȍșȚȘȣȍ ȘȧȌȣ ȋțșȍȕȐȞ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȕȍ țȌȐȊ-
ȓȧȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȐ ȧȘȒȐȍ ȘȈșȗȐșȈȕȕȣȍ ȘȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȓȖșȈȔȐ ȚȖȟȒȈȔȐ Ȑ țȏȖ-
ȘȈȔȐ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ țșȒȖȓȤȏȈȦȚ ȖȚ ȏȖȘȒȐȝ ȋȓȈȏ ȗȚȐȞ ȗȘȍșȔȣȒȈȦȡȐȝșȧ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ
șȊȖȐȝ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ ǵȖ ȖȕȐ ȚȈȒ ȓȖȊȒȖ ȗȖȌȘȈȎȈȦȚ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȔ ȟȈșȚȧȔ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ ȟȚȖ
șȈȔȣȑ ȖȗȣȚȕȣȑ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȕȍ ȘȈșȗȖȏȕȈȍȚ Ȑȝ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȐ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ
ȉȍșȞȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȎȐȓȒȐ ȗȖȓȖșȒȐ Ȑ ȗȧȚȕȣȠȒȐ ȐȔȍȦȚ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȍșȚȘȖȍ
ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȍ ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ ȚȈȒȐȔ Ȏȍ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȔ ȕȈ ȐȏȉȘȈȕȕȖȔ ȐȔ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȐ ȒȈȒ
ȉȍȓȣȑ ȔȍȌȊȍȌȤ ȕȈ șȕȍȋț

122
DZșȎȐȎ X
ǮǺǮǵǼǻǸǶ. ǯǮǯǼȅǸǮ Ƕ ǿǸǼǾǽǶǼǻǻǶȄǮ.
ǻdzǽǾǼȆdzǻȉdz DZǼǿȀǶ ǻdzǴǻȉdz ǺǮǺǮȆǶ
— Ǩ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȊȐȌ ȐȔȍȦȚ șȈȔȞȣ ȥȚȐȝ ȉȈȉȖȟȍȒ-țȓȐȚȖȒ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȓȖȘȌ ȕȍ ȕȈ
ȠțȚȒț ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȔȖȐȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȔ
— ǻ ȕȐȝ șȈȔȞȖȊ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍȚ ȐȓȐ ȍșȓȐ ȍșȚȤ ȚȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȦȚșȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȍȌȒȖ ǬȖ
ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȕȈȚțȘȈȓȐșȚ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȓ Ȑȝ
— Ǫȣ ȠțȚȐȚȍ
— ǵȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȅȚȖ ȜȈȒȚ ȕȍ ȍȌȐȕȐȟȕȣȑ ȇ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍ-
ȔȍȑșȚȊ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȗșȐȝȍȧȔ-țȓȐȚȒȈȔ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȍȚ șȈȔȞȖȊ ǬȈȓȍȍ ȔȕȖȋȐȔȐ
ȌȖȉȘȖșȖȊȍșȚȕȣȔȐ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȧȔȐ țșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȖ ȟȚȖ șȘȍȌȐ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ Țȓȍȑ
ȊȍșȕȖȦ Ȑ ȓȍȚȖȔ ȕȍȚ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȈȔȞȈ ǷȖșȓȍ ȌȖȓȋȐȝ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȑ țȟȍȕȣȔ țȌȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȗȖȌȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȑ ȝȖȌ Ȑȝ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȧ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȖșȍȕȤȦ șȘȍȌȐ ȉȍș-
ȒȘȣȓȣȝ Țȓȍȑ Ȉ ȖȕȐ ȒȈȒ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ șȈȔȒȐ
 ȗȖȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȒȘȣȓȈȚȣȍ șȈȔȞȣ ǹȈȔ-
ȒȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȖșȍȕȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȧ ȒȓȈȌțȚ ȧȐȟȒȐ ȕȈ șȚȍȉȓȧȝ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȋȐȉ-
ȕțȚ ȖȚ ȌȖȎȌȍȑ Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȖȊ ǵȈ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧȝ ȖșȚȈȦȚșȧ ȓȐȠȤ ȧȐȟȒȐ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȋȍș-
ȕȖȦ ȊȣȓțȗȓȧȦȚșȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȚȓȐ ȖȌȕȐ șȈȔȒȐ
 ǶȕȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȦȚșȧ ȖȚ
șȊȖȐȝ ȔȈȚȍȘȍȑ ǶȕȐ ȘȈșȚțȚ Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȚȈȒ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖ ȐșȚȍȟȍȕȐȐ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ țȎȍ Ȍȕȍȑ ȒȈȎȌȈȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȚ ȕȈ șȊȍȚ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍșȧȚȒȖȊ șȍȉȍ ȗȖȌȖȉ-
ȕȣȝ Țȓȍȑ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȖȟȍȘȍȑ șȈȔȈ Ȏȍ țȔȐȘȈȍȚ ǬȖȟȍȘȐ Ȑȝ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȍ ȘȖȎ-
ȌȈȦȚ șȣȕȖȊȍȑ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȌȖ ȖșȍȕȐ ȘȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȑ țȔȐȘȈȍȚ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȎȍȕșȒȐȝ ȗȖȒȖȓȍ-
ȕȐȑ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȦ ȖșȍȕȤȦ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȦȚșȧ ȝȖȓȖȌȈ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȗȖ-
șȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȏȈ ȊȍșȤ ȋȖȌ ȕȈȘȧȌț ș șȈȔȒȈȔȐ ȖȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȑ ȒȘȣȓȈȚȣȍ șȈȔȞȣ ǹȈȔȒȐ ȒȓȈȌțȚ ȧȐȟȒȐ ȏȈȚȍȔ Ȑ ȖȕȐ Ȑ șȈȔȞȣ Ȋȣ-
ȔȐȘȈȦȚ Ȉ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ Ȓ Ȋȍșȕȍ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȈȟȕțȚ ȊȣȓțȗȓȧȚȤșȧ ȖȌȕȐ
ȓȐȠȤ șȈȔȒȐ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȌȖ ȖșȍȕȐ
dzȖȘȌ ǷțȞȒȐȕș șȓțȠȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȔ
— ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȑ ț ȓȦȌȍȑ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ Ȋȍȡȍȑ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ,
șȔȍȧșȤ — ȚȖ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ ȘȖȎȌȈȓȐșȤ ȉȣ ȖȌȐȕ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȌȊȍșȚȐ ȓȍȚ Ȑ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȞȈȘșȚ-
ȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȉȣ ȖȌȕȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ
— ǰ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȉȣ ȓȐȠȤ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȌȊȍșȚȐ ȓȍȚ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ȧ
ǷȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȧ ȉȖȓȚȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȥȚț ȚȍȔț Ȕȣ ȗȖȓȤȏțȧșȤ ȗȖȋȖȌȖȑ ȗȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȓȍș ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȑ ǴȍȎȌț ȗȘȖȟȐȔ Ȕȣ ȕȈȚȒȕțȓȐșȤ ȕȈ
ȖȌȕț ȒȘȖȊȈȊțȦ șȞȍȕȒț Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȣȔȐ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȍȍ ǵȈ șȚȍȉȍȓȤ
ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ Ȕȣ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓȐ Țȓȍȑ Ȑ ȔțȘȈȊȤȍȊ șȍȓȈ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȈȧ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȈ-ȗȍȘȓȈ-
ȔțȚȘȍȕȕȐȞȈ ǶȕȈ șȓȖȎȐȓȈ ȒȊȍȘȝț șȊȖȐ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ Ȑ șȊȍȘȒȕțȓȈ șȊȖȐȔȐ
ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ, ȚȖȟȕȖ șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȣȔȐ ȗȧȚȕȣȠȒȈȔȐ ǵȍ țșȗȍȓȐ Ȕȣ ȊȌȖȊȖȓȤ
ȕȈȓȦȉȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȍȦ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ șȖșȍȌȕȐȑ ȓȐșȚ ȖȗțșȚȐȓȖșȤ șȍȚȟȈȚȖȒȘȣȓȖȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȍ
ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȍ ȗȖȌ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȈȕȖȘȗȣ ȐȓȐ șȒȖȘȗȐȖȕȕȐȞȣ ǶȕȈ ȌȖȊȖȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȈ ȕȈ ȊȐȌ Ȑ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ șȖȉȖȦ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȈȘȈ ǺȈȒȖȍ Ȏȍ șȔțȋ-
ȓȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȚȈȒȐȍ Ȏȍ ȕȖȋȐ ȎȍȓȚȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȍ ȚȖȕȒȐȍ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ ǵȖ șȝȖȌ-

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șȚȊȖ ȥȚȖ ȟȐșȚȖ ȊȕȍȠȕȍȍ
ǻ șȒȖȘȗȐȖȕȕȐȞȣ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȒȘȣȓȈ ț ȒȖȔȈȘȈ Ȏȍ Ȑȝ ȊșȍȋȖ ȌȊȈ
 Ȑ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ș
ȒȖȔȈȘȖȔ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ șȖșȚȖȐȚ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȔ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȐȔȐ ȘȖȌȐȟȈȔȐ ȍȍ
ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȊȍșȕȧȕȒȐ ȗȖȌȍȕȒȐ Ȑ șȚȘȍȒȖȏȣ ǵȈșȍȒȖȔȖȍ ȥȚȖ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȍȚ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȊȕȐ-
ȔȈȕȐȍ șȊȖȐȔ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔ ȝȖȉȖȚȒȖȔ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȒȓȦȊȈ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȒȓȍȠȕȧȔȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȕ-
Ȟȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȈ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȧȌȖȊȐȚȣȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȟȕȐȒ șȒȖȘȗȐȖȕȈ ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȥȚȐȔ
ȒȓȍȠȕȧȔ ȖȕȖ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȖ șȊȖȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȈșȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȕȍȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖ
ǴȕȖȦ ȚȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȖ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȍ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȖȗȈșȕȖȍ șȖșȍȌșȚȊȖ ȕȍ ȒȖȕȟȐȚ-
șȧ ȌȖȉȘȖȔ Ȍȓȧ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȐ ȇ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȓȖȘȌȈ
— ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȖȗȈșȈȍȚȍșȤ ȏȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȐ — ȗȖșȖȊȍȚȖȊȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȚȖ ȌȈȊȈȑȚȍ
șȗțȋȕȍȔ ȍȍ ș ȓȐșȚȈ
— ȅȚȖ ȍȍ ȕȍ șȗȈșȍȚ ǹȒȖȘȗȐȖȕȕȐȞȈ ȓȖȊȐȚ ȉȈȉȖȟȍȒ ȕȈ ȓȍȚț ǷȖȎȈȓțȑ ȟȚȖ
ȏȌȍșȤ țȒȘȣȚȈȧ ȏȍȓȍȕȤȦ ȖȕȈ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȑ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ǵȍ ȔȍȠȈȍȚ Ȑ ȕȈȔ —
ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓ ȧ — ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȈȝȈȓȤșȚȊȖ ȥȚȐȝ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȑ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ
ȋȘȈȕȐȞ ǶȕȐ ȉȘȖșȈȦȚșȧ Ȑ țȉȐȊȈȦȚ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȉȖȓȤ-
Ƞȍ Ȑȝ
— ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȝȐȡȕȐȒ ș șȈȔȖȋȖ ȘȈȕȕȍȋȖ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȈ țȗȘȈȎȕȧȍȚșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ
ȘȈȏȉȖȑȕȐȟȤȍȔ ȘȍȔȍșȓȍ
— ǵȐȟțȚȤ ǴȖȓȖȌȖșȚȤ șȒȖȘȗȐȖȕȕȐȞȣ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȚ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȖȚ ȔȐȘșȒȖȑ șțȍȚȣ
ǶȕȈ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȍ Ȑ ȗȐȚȈȍȚșȧ ȋȕȐȦȡȐȔȐ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȈ-
ȔȐ ǪȌȘțȋ ȕȈȠȈ ȗȍȘȓȈȔțȚȘȍȕȕȐȞȈ ȘȍȏȊȈȧ Ȑ ȕȍȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȈȧ ȒȈȒ Ȋșȍ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȐ
șȗȖȘȝȕțȓȈ ș ȊȍȚȊȐ Ȑ ȏȈȌȍȓȈ ȒȘȣȓȣȠȒȖȔ ȓȐșȚ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ șȐȌȍȓȈ șȒȖȘȗȐȖȕ-
ȕȐȞȈ ȅȚȖ ȍȍ ȗȖȋțȉȐȓȖ ǽȐȡȕȐȞȈ Ȋ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȖȒȈ ȗȖȋȕȈȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ȕȍȑ ǰșȗț-
ȋȈȕȕȈȧ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȈ ȗȖȓȍȚȍȓȈ Ȋ ȌȘțȋțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȕȖ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ țȗȈȓȈ Ȋ ȚȘȈȊț ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș
ȗȘȐȞȍȗȐȊȠȐȔșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȊȘȈȋȖȔ ǹțȌȤȉȈ ȍȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȘȍȠȍȕȈ Ȑ Ȕȣ ș ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȌȖȔȖȑ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȔț ȌȖȔț ȓȖȘȌ ǷțȞȒȐȕș ȏȈȉȣȊ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȔ ȗȖȓȖ-
ȎȍȕȐȐ ȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȠȈȋț ȚȘȍȉțȍȚșȧ ȉȍȏțșȓȖȊȕȈȧ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȤ șȔȍȓȖ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȗȖȌ
ȒȘȣȠț Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓ ȖȚȚțȌȈ ȒȈȒ ȖȠȗȈȘȍȕȕȣȑ
— ǿȚȖ ț ȕȈș ȊȍȘȕȖ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȍȗȘȖȠȍȕȣȍ ȋȖșȚȐ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ ȍȌȊȈ
țȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȧșȤ ȖȚ șȔȍȝȈ ȗȘȐ ȊȐȌȍ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȖȑ ȜȐȏȐȖȕȖȔȐȐ ȓȖȘȌȈ
— ǺȈȔ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȖșȖȉȈ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ țȋȓț ǵȍ ȝȖȌȐȚȍ ȕȍ
ȝȖȌȐȚȍ ȚțȌȈ — ț ȕȍȍ țȎȈșȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ
DzȈȒ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȐȚ ȥȚȈ țȎȈșȕȈȧ ȖșȖȉȈ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȖȚ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȓȖȘȌȈ ȌȖȉȐȚȤșȧ
Ȑ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȊ Ȋ ȌȖȔȐȒ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋ țȋȓț șȐȌȐȚ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ țȝȖȊȍȘȚȒȈ ș ȋȘȖȔȈȌ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȒȓȍȡȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȈ ǷȖȌ ȕȍȦ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ
— ȅȚȖ țȝȖȊȍȘȚȒȈ șȖ șȊȖȐȔ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȖȔ, — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȧșȤ — ǫȖșȚȤȧ
ȖȕȈ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȈȧ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȍȚ șȐȌȍȚȤ ȏȌȍșȤ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȔȐ-
ȓȖȘȌ ȕȍ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȣ ȎȌȈȚȤ ț ȌȊȍȘȍȑ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȑ ȊȏȌțȔȈȍȚșȧ țȌȈȓȐȚȤ-
șȧ ȚȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȍȍ țȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ȗȘȖȟȤ ǰȌȍȔȚȍ
— ǷȖȒȖȘȕȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ ȇ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȐȚȈȦ șȗȈȚȤ ȗȖȌ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȔ ȕȍȉȖȔ ȟȍȔ
ȏȈȊȖȌȐȚȤ ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȖ ș ȥȚȖȑ ȖșȖȉȖȑ
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȥȚȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȖȍ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȍ ǻȝȖȊȍȘȚȒȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȕȈȗȈȌȈȍȚ
ȗȐȚȈȍȚșȧ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȋȕȐȓȤȦ

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— ǰ ȏȈȓȍȏȈȍȚ șȗȧȡȐȔ Ȋ țȠȐ Ȑ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȈȊȍȒȐ ȋȓțȝȐȔȐ
ȖȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȓȖȘȌ
— ǷȖȓȕȖȚȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȓȐ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȔ ȉȈșȕȧȔ ǭșȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȓȐȉȖ Ȑ șȓțȟȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ țȝȖȊȍȘȚȒȈ ȊȓȍȏȓȈ șȗȧȡȍȔț Ȋ țȠȐ ȚȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȤȚȍ ȖȕȈ șȌȍȓȈȓȈ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȟȈȧȕ-
ȕȖ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȏȓȖȋȖ țȔȣșȓȈ ȅȚȖ ȕȖȟȕȖȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȍ ȌȕȍȔ Ȏȍ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȧȟȍȚșȧ
ȗȖȌ ȒȈȔȕȧȔȐ ȓȐșȚȤȧȔȐ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ țȋȓȈȝ ǰȏȋȕȈȕȕȈȧ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȋȖ țȉȍȎȐ-
ȡȈ țȝȖȊȍȘȚȒȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȗȘȧȚȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ Ȋ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȔ țȝȍ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ șȍȑȟȈș
șȗȘȧȚȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȔ ȌȊȖȘȞȍ ȕȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȥȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȌțȘȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȔȍȘȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȅȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȐȓȣȍ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȔȖȋțȚ șȓțȎȐȚȤ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȖȔ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȕșȒȖȑ ȓȦȉ-
ȊȐ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȐȌȧȚ ȕȈ ȧȑȞȈȝ Ȑ ȊȣșȐȎȐȊȈȦȚ șȊȖȐȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȕȖ Ȑ ȊșȦȌț ȊȖ-
ȌȧȚ Ȑȝ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȦȚ Ȑ ȏȈȡȐȡȈȦȚ Ȑȝ șȖȉșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ ǴȖȓȖȌȣȍ țȝȖȊȍȘȚȒȐ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȦȚșȧ ȖȚ ȊȏȘȖșȓȣȝ ȓȐȠȤ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈȔȐ
Ȑ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍȔ ȒȘȣȓȤȍȊ ǷȖȑȌȍȔȚȍ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȑ Ȋȣ țȉȍȌȐȚȍșȤ Ȋ ȔȖȐȝ șȓȖȊȈȝ
— ǵȍȚ Ȋȣ țȎ ȐȌȐȚȍ ȖȌȕȐ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ Ȑ ȊȣȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚȍ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȝ ȋȖșȚȍȑ Ȉ
ȧ ȗȖȉțȌț ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȈ șȊȍȎȍȔ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ
ǷȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȗȖȑȚȐ ȖȌȕȖȔț ǷȖȌȕȧȊ ș ȏȍȔȓȐ ȕȖȎȒț ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȒȖȔȈȘȈ ȧ șȔȍ-
ȓȖ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȌȖȔ ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ țȝȖȊȍȘȚȒȈ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓȈ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȕȐȧ ȕȖ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȐȝȕțȓ ȍȍ ȐȔȗȘȖȊȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȌțȉȐȕȒȖȑ ȖȕȈ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȓȈ ȕȍ-
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈșȚȘȈȡȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȒȓȍȡȈȔȐ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȏȈȎȍȋ ȔȍȌțȕȐȞț Ȑ Ȋ Țț Ȏȍ ȔȐȕțȚț ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȈȧ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȋȖșȚȤȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ
șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȈ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȉ ȏȈ ȕȍȦ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȍȍ ȌȍȚȐ ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ Ȕȣ ȐȏȉȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȖȚ
ȕȍȗȘȖȠȍȕȣȝ ȋȖșȚȍȑ Ȑ ȧ ȊȍșȤ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȌȖȗȍȒȈȓ ȓȖȘȌȈ ȕȈșȔȍȠȒȈȔȐ ȕȈȌ ȍȋȖ ȝȘȈȉ-
ȘȖșȚȤȦ
— ǯȕȈȍȚȍ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȓȖȘȌ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȧ Ȉ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȌȍȓȈȓ ȊȐȌ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ șȓȣ-
ȠȐȚ
 — ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȓȖȗȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȣȓ ȒțȌȈ ȝȘȈȉȘȍȍ ȊȈș DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȍȡȍ ȉȣȓ Ȋȍ-
ȓȐȒȈȕȖȔ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȖȌȐȕ ȘȈȏ ȕȈ ȊȍȚȒȍ ȉȍȘȍȏȣ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȖ ȒȓȖȗȖȊ-ȡȐȚȕȐȒȖȊ șȖ-
șȚȖȧȊȠȍȍ Ȑȏ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ Ȑ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȐ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȒȓȖȗȐȒȖȊ ǴȈȚȤ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȌȖș-
ȚȖȐȕșȚȊȖȔ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖ ȔȍșȚț ȒȓȖȗȐȒȐ Ȏȍ ȕȍ ȖȚȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȠȈȋ Ȑ
ȗȖȌȘȈȎȈȓȐ ȒȈȎȌȖȔț ȍȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȦ ȇ ȚȒȕțȓ ȒȈȘȈȕȌȈȠȖȔ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȒȓȖȗȐȒȈ Ȑ ș
ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ ȎȌȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȣȑȌȍȚ ǴȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȚȍȘȧȧ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȧ ȌțȝȈ ȚȖȚ-
ȟȈș Ȏȍ ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȓȈ Ȓ ȌȍȚȧȔ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȈ Ȑȝ Ȋșȍȝ șȊȖȐȔ ȗȓȖșȒȐȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ Ȑ ȏȈȉȈȊȕȖ
ȏȈȔȈȝȈȓȈ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ ȌțȔȈȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȥȚȐȔ ȕȈȗțȋȈȚȤ ǩȍȌȕȖȍ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȌțȔȈȦ
ȌȈȎȍ Ȗ ȘȈȏȕȐȞȍ ȕȈȠȐȝ șȐȓ Ȑ șȒȖȘȍȑ ȌȈȓȖ ȉȣ țȉȐȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȕȍȎȍȓȐ ȘȍȠȐȓȖșȤ Ȗș-
ȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȊȖȐȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ Ȋ ȔȐȕțȚț ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ǺȈȒȐȝ Ȏȍ ȓȦȉȧȡȐȝ ȔȈȚȍȘȍȑ Ȕȣ ȊȐȌȐȔ
Ȑ șȘȍȌȐ ȗȈțȒȖȊ
— ǵț-ȕț ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȕȍ țȊȓȍȒȈȑȚȍșȤ Ǫ șȔȍȓȖșȚȐ ȗȈțȒȖȊ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȍȚ-
șȧ ȌȐȒȖșȚȤ ȐȔ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȊȘȖȎȌȍȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȚȐȋȘȈȔ Ȑ ȧșȚȘȍȉȈȔ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȏȈȡȐ-
ȡȈȦȚ șȊȖȐȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȚȖ ȗȖ ȚȍȔ Ȏȍ ȗȖȉțȎȌȍȕȐȧȔ ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ șȖȉȈȒȈ ȖȋȘȣȏȈȍȚșȧ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ț ȕȍȍ ȝȖȚȧȚ ȖȚȕȧȚȤ ȒȖșȚȤ
— ǪȖȊșȍ ȕȍȚ Ǫȣ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȐ ș ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ȗȈțȒȈ șȖȍȌȐȕȧȚȤ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȗ
ȎȍșȚȖȒȖșȚȐ ȟȚȖ ȊȈȔ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȌȈȎȍ șȔȍȠȕȣȔ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȌȖȉȘȣȍ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊȈ Ǩ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, ȥȚȐ ȗȖȍȌȈȦȡȐȍ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȦȚ ȓȦȉȧȡȐȔ
șȍȘȌȞȍȔ Ȑ șȗȖșȖȉȕȣ ȕȈ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȍ ȎȍȘȚȊȣ
— DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȇ ȗȖȔȕȦ Ȋȣ Ȕȕȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȚȘȖȋȈȚȍȓȤȕțȦ șȞȍȕȒț
ȕȈȌ ȘțȟȍȑȒȖȔ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȋȣ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȉȣȓȐ — ȗȘȖȞȍȌȐȓ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȏțȉȣ

ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȕȖȋȐ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȏȈȔȍȕȧȦȡȐȑ ȕȈȔ șȚȖȓ
— ȅȚȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȧ Dz ȔȈȕȍȘȍ ȓȖȘȌȈ ȐȘȖȕȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȧ țș-
ȗȍȓ țȎȍ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȕțȚȤ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ, ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȔȈȕȍȘȍ ȒȓȈșȚȤ ȕȖȋȐ ȕȈ șȚȖȓ Ȋ ȔȐȕțȚȣ
ȝȖȘȖȠȍȋȖ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȧ — ǹȈȔȒȐ ȗȈțȒȖȊ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȌțȘȕȣȍ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȣ ȚȈȒȐȍ
Ȏȍ ȏȈȉȖȚȓȐȊȣȍ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ȒȈȒ Ȑ șȈȔȒȐ țȝȖȊȍȘȚȖȒ Ȑ ȒȓȖȗȖȊ Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȍȚȘțȌȕȖ țȉȍ-
ȌȐȚȤșȧ ǹȈȔȒȐ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȉȘȖȌȧȟȐȝ ȗȈțȒȖȊ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȍȚ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȓȈșȚȤ ȧȑȞȈ ȕȖ-
șȧȚ ȗȘȐ șȍȉȍ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ șțȔȖȟȒȐ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȖȦ ș ȋȖȘȖȠȐȕț Ǫ ȥȚȐȝ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȐșȚȣȝ
șțȔȖȟȒȈȝ ȖȕȐ șȖȝȘȈȕȧȦȚ șȊȖȐ ȧȐȟȒȐ ǵȐ ȖȌȐȕ șȒȘȧȋȈ ȕȍ ȗȍȟȍȚșȧ ȚȈȒ Ȗ șȊȖȐȝ
șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȈȝ ȒȈȒ ȗȈțȟȐȝȐ Ȗ șȊȖȐȝ șțȔȖȟȒȈȝ ǶȕȐ ȊșȦȌț ȕȖșȧȚ Ȑȝ ș șȖȉȖȑ Ȑ ȍș-
ȓȐ ȊȘȈȋ ȕȈȗȈȊ ȕȈ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕțȦ ȔȈȚȤ ȖȚȕȐȔȈȍȚ ț ȕȍȍ șțȔȖȟȒț ȖȕȈ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ
ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȈȍȚșȧ ȉȍȎȐȚ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȉȘȖșȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȑ Ȕȍ-
ȠȖȟȍȒ șȎȐȔȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȟȍȓȦșȚȧȝ ȘȊȍȚ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȗȖȒȈ ț ȕȍȍ ȝȊȈȚȈȍȚ șȐȓ Ȑ Ȋ
ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȐȓȐ șȗȈșȈȍȚ ȔȍȠȖȟȍȒ, ȐȓȐ ȋȐȉȕȍȚ Ȋ ȕȍȘȈȊȕȖȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ ǵȈȌȖ ȊȐ-
ȌȍȚȤ ȍȍ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȑ țȌȈȍȚșȧ ȖȚȊȖȍȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȐȓȐ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȍ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȚȍȘȧ ȕȍȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȕȈ ǮȐȏȕȤ țȚȘȈȟȐȊȈȍȚ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍș
ȖȕȈ ȈȗȈȚȐȟȕȖ ȠȈȚȈȍȚșȧ șȘȍȌȐ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ȖȚȌȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȊȘȈȋȈ
— ǿȍȘȚ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ ȌȈ ȕȈ ȥȚț ȚȍȔț ȔȖȎȕȖ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȘȖȔȈȕ ȕȈȗȐșȈȚȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ
ȓȖȘȌ șȕȐȔȈȧ șȖ șȚȖȓȈ ȕȖȋȐ — ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȖȚȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȦȡȈȧ ȊȕȍȠȕȖșȚȤ ȗȈțȒȖȊ
ȧ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȉȣ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ Ȏȍ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȊȈș șȊȖȐȔȐ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧȔȐ
— ǶȟȍȕȤ ȎȈȓȤ ȍșȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ țȌȈșȚșȧ ȉȣȚȤ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȔ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȑ
ǴȖȋț ȊȈȔ șȖȖȉȡȐȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȟȚȖ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȕșȒȈȧ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȗȈțȒȖȊ ȕȍ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ
ȖȌȕȖȑ ȏȈȉȖȚȓȐȊȖșȚȤȦ Ȗ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖȔ ȔȍȠȖȟȒȍ ș ȧȐȟȒȈȔȐ DzȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȈțȟȒȐ
ȊȣȓțȗȧȚșȧ Ȑȏ ȧȐȟȍȒ ȗȘȖȏȖȘȓȐȊȈȧ ȔȈȚȤ ȗȘȖȉțȘȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȚ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍ
Ȋ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȐșȚȖȑ ȖȉȖȓȖȟȒȍ Ȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ ȒȈȒ ȔȈȒȖȊȣȍ ȏȍȘȕȈ ȗȈțȟȒȐ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȚȖȓ-
ȗȖȦ ȊȣȓȍȏȈȦȚ Ȑȏ ȚȍȔȕȐȞȣ ǯȈȉȈȊȕȖ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȐ ȠȈȓȖȊȓȐȊȣȍ ȗȖȓȕȣȍ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȗȖȓȏȈȦȚ ȗȖ șȗȐȕȍ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ȋȖȘȌȖȑ Ȑ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖȑ șȊȖȐȔ
ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȖȚȖȔșȚȊȖȔ ǶȕȈ ȏȈȉȖȚȐȚșȧ Ȗ ȕȐȝ ȌȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ Ȑȝ ȓȐȕȧȕȐȧ ǺȖ-
ȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ șȟȐȚȈȍȚ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȐȍ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȍȕȕȣȔ Ȑ ȉȍȏȉȖȧȏȕȍȕȕȖ ȗțșȒȈȍȚ
Ȑȝ Ȋ șȊȍȚ ǷȖȒȈ ȌȍȚȐ ȗȘȐ ȕȍȑ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȚȈȒȚȐȒȐ ȗȖ-
ȟțȧȊ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ȖȕȈ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȏȊȈȚȤ Ȑȝ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȦȚ ȒȓȖȗȣ
ȐȓȐ țȝȖȊȍȘȚȒȐ ȌȈȍȚ șȐȋȕȈȓ ȉȍȋșȚȊȈ Ȑ Ȋșȧ ȚȖȓȗȈ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȘȈșșȍȐȊȈȍȚ-
șȧ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȓȐȠȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ȔȐȕțȍȚ ȗȈțȟȒȐ ȗȖ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȌȈȕȕȖȔț
șȐȋȕȈȓț ȖȗȧȚȤ șȖȉȐȘȈȦȚșȧ Ȑ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȖȚȝȖȌȧȚ ȖȚ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ȌȖ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ

126
DZșȎȐȎ ;,
ȁDzǶǰǶȀdzǹȊǻȉdz ǺȁǵȉǸǮǻȀȉ ǯǼǹȊǻǮȍ ǾȁǸǮ
Ƕ ǿȈdzDzdzǻǻǮȍ ǸǾȉȆǮ. ǰǼǵǰǾǮȇdzǻǶdz
ǭȡȍ ǨȘȐșȚȖȚȍȓȤ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȐȑ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȖȐșȗȣȚȈȚȍȓȤ Ȋșȍȝ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ
ȟȚȖ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȌțȘȕȣȍ ȔțȏȣȒȈȕȚȣ ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȧ Ȑȕ-
șȚȘțȔȍȕȚȖȊ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȖȘȒȍșȚȘ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȤșȧ ș ȕȐȔȐ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȖȚȕȖȠȍ-
ȕȐȐǷȘȖ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖȋȖ ǷȈȋȈȕȐȕȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȔȖȎȍȚ țȊȓȍȟȤ șȓțȠȈȚȍȓȍȑ
ȐȋȘȖȑ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȘțȕȍ șȒȘȐȗȒȐ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ Ȑ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȍ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȣȊȈȦȚ șȊȖȐȝ
șȖȉȘȈȚȐȑ ȐȋȘȖȑ ȕȈ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȖȎȒȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȒȘȣȓȣȠȒȍ ȋȖȘȓȍ Ȑ Ț ȗ Ǫ ȕȍ-
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧȝ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȣ ȥȚȐ șȚȖȧȚ ȕȐȎȍ șȒȘȐȗȖȒ ȕȖ ș ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȌȍȠȍȊȐȏȕȣ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȧȚ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȣ ǷȈȋȈ-
ȕȐȕȐ ǹȈȘȈșȈȚȍ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖșȚȍȑ
ǹȈȔȣȍ ȏȊțȟȕȣȍ șȒȘȐȗȒȐ ȊșȍȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȚ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊț ȎțȒȖȊ-ȌȘȖ-
ȊȖșȍȒȖȊ ȐȓȐ ȌȓȐȕȕȖțșȖȊ Ǫ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȍ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ țȎȍ Ȗȉ ȈȘȚȐșȚȈȝ ȗȖȎȐȕȈȦ-
ȡȐȝ ȓȈȊȘȣ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȍȑ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍșȚȕȣȝ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖșȚȍȑ
ȒȈȒ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ țșȈȟȈ-ȋȍȘȖȧ, ȌȘȖȊȖșȍȒȈ-ȚȒȈȟȈ, șȒȘȐȗțȕȈ ǴțȏȣȒȈȕȚȣ ȥȚȐ ȗȘȖ-
șȓȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȐȋȘȈȦȚ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ șȗȐȕȒȈȝ. ǿțȌȕȈȧ ȐȋȘȈ Ȑȝ
ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȏȊțȟȕȈ ȘȈȏ ȌȈȎȍ ȚțȗȖȑ șȓțȝ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȖȐșȗȣȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ țȓȈȊȓȐ-
ȊȈȍȚ ȍȍ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȠȈȋȖȊ
ǮțȒȈȔ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȓȈȌȣ ȗȖȌȣȋȘȣȊȈȦȚ ȗȟȍȓȣ ȔțȝȐ ȒȖȔȈȘȣ ȞȐȒȈȌȣ Ȑ șȚȘȍ-
ȒȖȏȣ ǵȖ Ȓ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȔ ȔțȏȣȒȈȕȚȈȔ ȏȈȌȈȦȡȐȔ ȒȖȕȞȍȘȚȣ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȖȓȧȝ Ȑ
ȓțȎȈȑȒȈȝ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȚ ȒțȏȕȍȟȐȒȐ, șȈȘȈȕȟȈ Ȑ șȊȍȘȟȒȐ Ǫșȍ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȦȚ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ
ȐȋȘȈȦȚ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȕȈ șȊȖȑ ȓȈȌ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȥȕȚȖȔȖȓȖȋȐ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐ-
șȓțȠȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȓ Ȑȝ ȐȋȘȍ ȒȈȒ ȖȘȕȐȚȖȓȖȋȐ Ȓ ȗȍȕȐȦ ȗȚȐȞ ȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȕȈțȟȐȓȐșȤ ȉȣ
ȘȈșȗȖȏȕȈȊȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȗȖ ȋȖȓȖșț ǶȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȒțȏȕȍȟȐȒ ȓȦȉȧȡȐȑ ȊȣșȖ-
ȒȐȍ ȒțșȚȣ Ȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ ș ȘȈȕȕȍȋȖ țȚȘȈ ȌȖ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȑ ȕȖȟȐ ȕȈȐȋȘȣȊȈȍȚ șȊȖȍ ȞȐȒ-ȞȐȒ-
ȞȐȒ-ȞȐȒ. ǹȒȈȟȖȒ ȗȖȌȚȧȋȐȊȈȍȚ: ȚȘșș ȚȘșș ȚȘșș ǹȒȈȒțȕȟȐȒ șȓȈȉȣȔ ȋȖȓȖ-
șȖȔ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ: ȚȘș ȚȘș ȚȘș. ǷȍȕȐȍ ȝȊȖșȚȈȚȖȋȖ ȒțȏȕȍȟȐȒȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȏȊțȟ-
ȕȖȍ, ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ȗȖȓȌȍȕȤ Ȋ ȗȈșȔțȘȕțȦ ȗȖȋȖȌț ȗȖȝȖȎȍ ȕȈ ȚȘȐ ȋȖȓȖșȈ șȓȐȊ-
ȠȐȝșȧ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȚȚȚȘȘȘșșș ȐȓȐ ȚȘșȚȘșȚȘș. ǩțȘȣȑ ȒțȏȕȍȟȐȒ ȋȓțȝȐȔ ȖȚȘȣȊȐ-
șȚȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȚȧȕȍȚ Ȟȣ-Ȟȣ-Ȟȣ-Ȟȣ-Ȟȣ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȐ ȏȊțȒȐ ȗȍȊȞȣ țȔȍȦȚ ȖșȓȈȉȓȧȚȤ Ȑ
țșȐȓȐȊȈȚȤ ȏȈȔȍȌȓȧȚȤ Ȑ țșȒȖȘȧȚȤ SLDQR IRUWH FUHVFHQGR GHFUHVFHQGR DFFHOH-
UDQGR GROFH DSSDVVLRQDWR șȓȍȌțȦȚ ȌȘțȋ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȖȔ Ȋ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȟȕȖȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ
ǬȖ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȍȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȈȒȐȔȐ ȖȘȋȈȕȈȔȐ ȒțȏȕȍȟȐ-
ȒȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȧȚ șȚȖȓȤ ȟȈȘțȦȡȐȍ ȏȊțȒȐ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȥȚȖȚ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȘȈȏȢȧș-
ȕȍȕ ȏȊțȒȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȧȚșȧ ȚȘȍȕȐȍȔ ȏȈȌȕȐȝ ȉȍȌȍȘ șȕȈȉȎȍȕȕȣȝ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȏȈȏțȉȘȐȕȒȈȔȐ Ȗ ȒȘȈȧ ȒȘȣȓȣȠȍȒ
ǹȊȍȘȟȒȐ ȐȏȊȓȍȒȈȦȚ ȏȊțȒȐ ȐȕȈȟȍ Ȉ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȚȐȘȈȧ ȒȘȣȓȣȠȒȈȔȐ Ȗ ȒȘȣȓȣ-
ȠȒȐ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȉȍȌȘȈ Ȑȝ ȕȍȔțȏȣȒȈȓȤȕȣ Ǫ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȚȘȈȕȈȝ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ Ȋ

127
ǨȜȘȐȒȍ Ȑ DzȐȚȈȍ șȊȍȘȟȒȐ țșȓȈȎȌȈȦȚ șȊȖȍȑ ȐȋȘȖȑ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȊȖȐȝ șȖȉȘȈȚȐȑ
ȕȖ Ȑ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȈȎȈȦȚ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȒȓȍȚȒȐ ȊȖȏȧȚșȧ ș ȕȐȔȐ Ȑ ȝȖȓȧȚ Ȑȝ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ
ȒȈȕȈȘȍȍȒ ȐȓȐ șȖȓȖȊȤȍȊ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȐȏȋȕȈȕȐȧ țȝȖȊȍȘȚȒȐ Ȑȏ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȏȈȔȒȈ Ȕȣ ȗȖȉȖȓȚȈȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ Ȑ
țșȕțȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȔȖȕȖȚȖȕȕțȦ ȐȋȘț ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȠȍșȚȐȕȖȋȖȋȖ ȔțȏȣȒȈȕȚȈ ǷȘȖșȕțȓȐșȤ
Ȕȣ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȌȍșȧȚȐ ȟȈșȖȊ Ȑ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȖȓȍ Ǫ ȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȈȔ
ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȍ ȊȍȏȓȖ ǷȍȘȊȣȔ ȌȍȓȖȔ ȓȖȘȌȈ ǷțȞȒȐȕșȈ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȍ ȘȈșȚȖȗȚȈȓȈ ȋȘȖȔȈȌ-
ȕȈȧ ȧȡȍȘȐȞȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȍȎȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ Ȑ ȖȟȕțȓȈșȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȐ
ȔȐȔȖ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȧ țȒȖȓȖȓșȧ ȒȖȕȟȐȒȖȔ ȊȖȓȖșȐȒȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ
Ȗȕ ȖȚȓȖȔȐȓșȧ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȍȍ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȞȍȗȐȓșȧ Ȓ șȚȍȉȓȦ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ
ȕȍȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȖȗȍȘșȧ ȘțȒȖȑ ǩȖȓȤ ȖȚ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ țȒȖȓȈ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȍȍ ȖȎȖ-
ȋȈ ȒȘȈȗȐȊȣ Ȑ ȕȍȘȍȌȒȖ ȊȍȌȍȚ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ șȈȔȣȍ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȧ ǵȖ Ȓ șȟȈ-
șȚȤȦ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȌȍȓȖ ȖȉȖȠȓȖșȤ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖ Ȑ țȒȖȓ ȊȣȏȊȈȓ ȓȐȠȤ
ȓȍȋȒȖȍ ȔȍșȚȕȖȍ ȊȖșȗȈȓȍȕȐȍ DzȖȋȌȈ ȉȖȓȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓȈșȤ Ȕȣ ȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ
ȌȖȔȖȑ ȋȌȍ ȕȈș ȎȌȈȓȈ ȕȖȊȈȧ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖșȚȤ ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȧ ȋȘȖ-
ȔȈȌȕȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȕȈȗȈȓȖ ȕȈ ȕȈȠț ȒȘȣȠț Ȑ șȢȍȓȖ ȍȍ ȅȚȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȉȣȓȈ
ȉȖȓȤȠțȡȈȧ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȈ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȈ ȉȘȈȎȕȐȒȈ Ǵȣ ȏȈșȚȈȓȐ ȍȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȈ șȚȍ-
ȕȈȝ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȏȈȔȒȈ ȌȖȋȘȣȏȈȦȡȍȑ ȓȐșȚ șȓțȎȐȊȠȐȑ ȕȈȔ ȒȘȣȠȍȑ ǯȈȚȖ ȓȖȎȈșȤ
șȗȈȚȤ Ȕȣ ȐȔȍȓȐ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ șȖȏȍȘȞȈȚȤ șȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȕȍȉȍșȕȣȍ ǻȚȘȈȚȈ ȒȘȣȠȐ Ȋ
șȊȧȏȐ ș ȉȖȓȤȦ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ ȖȚȕȧȓȐ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȝȖȚț Ȓ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȔ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧȔ
— ǯȕȈȍȚȍ ȔȐȓȖȘȌ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ țȚȘȖȔ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȋȖ Ȍȕȧ — ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȕȈȔ ȗȖȘȈ
ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ
— ȇ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȝȖȎț ȕțȎȕȣȔ  Ǵȕȍ ȏȌȍșȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ Ǵȕȍ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ǰȕ-
ȌȐȐ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȊȍșȍȓȖ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȏȌȍșȤ ǪȖȖȉȘȈȎȈȦ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȜțȘȖȘ
ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌțȚ ȔȖȐ ȏȈȗȐșȒȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȘȖȟȚț Ȑȝ Ȋ ȏȈșȍȌȈȕȐȐ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȒȓțȉȈ
— ǪȖȚ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț ȧ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȦ ȊȈȔ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ
— ǷȍȘȊȖȍ ȏȈșȍȌȈȕȐȍ șȖșȚȖȐȚșȧ ȕȍ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ șȍȕȚȧȉȘȧ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȘȖȗȐȚȤșȧ Ȕȕȍ
ȕȍȏȈȟȍȔ
— Ǩ ȍșȓȐ Ȕȣ ȗȖȋȐȉȕȍȔ" ǵȍȓȤȏȧ Ȏȍ Ȋșȍ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ șȊȖȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ǬȖ
șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȈȔ țȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚȤ șțȝȐȔȐ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ ȕȖ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈș ȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȍȚ Ȋ ȉțȌțȡȍȔ ȇ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ țȉȍȎȌȈȦșȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȐȘ ȕȍ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș Ȕȣ
ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȠȈȋț ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȍȔ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖșȚȐ ǷȘȐȏȕȈȑȚȍșȤ șȥȘ,
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ șȓȍȚȈȓȐ Ȋȣ ș ȊȍȚȖȒ Ȑ ȓȐșȚȤȍȊ"
— ǹȚȖȐȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȗțșȚȧȒȈȝ ǯȈȚȖ ȋȌȍ Ȕȣ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȔ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏȕȖ-
ȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȑ ȒȈȒ ȏȌȍșȤ"
— Ǫȣ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȗțșȚȧȒȐ? ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȏ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȒȈ-
ȒțȦ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȡȍȓȤ ȐȓȐ țȗȈșȚȤ Ȋ ȊȖȌț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȘȈșȗȘȖȡȈȚȤșȧ ș ȎȐȏȕȤȦ
ǵȍȚ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ Ǵȣ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȔșȧ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȕȈȠȐ ȕȈȉ-
ȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȐȌȚȐ ȒȈȒ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȍșȓȐ Ȕȣ ȗȖȋȐȉȕȍȔ ș ȕȈȔȐ ȗȖȋȐȉ-
ȕȍȚ ȊȈȠ ȌȕȍȊȕȐȒ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȐ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ
— ǷȖȎȈȓțȑ Ȋȣ ȗȘȈȊȣ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ — șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ — Ǵȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ
ȉȍȘȍȟȤ șȍȉȧ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈțȒȐ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ șȓȈȊȣ DzȓțȉȈ ȟțȌȈȒȖȊ Ǵȣ ș ȊȈȔȐ Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȚȖȋȖ Ȑș-
ȝțȌȈȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȎȈ ȌȈ ȒȖșȚȐ
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȊȍȘȕȍȔșȧ"
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ȊȍȘȕȍȔșȧ

— ǹȍȑȟȈș"
— ǬȈ ȟȍȋȖ Ȏȍ ȎȌȈȚȤ" Ǫșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ Ȕȣ ȓȐȠȐȓȐșȤ ȒȘȖȊȈ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ Ȕȣ ȊȏȧȓȐ ș șȖȉȖȑ Ȋșȍ șȊȖȐ ȏȈȗȐșȒȐ Ȑ ȘȈșȗȘȖ-
ȡȈȓȐșȤ ș șȊȖȍȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȐȏȉțȠȒȖȑ
Ǵȣ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ ȐȌȚȐ ȗȘȧȔȣȔ ȗțȚȍȔ Ȓ șȐȋȕȈȓȤȕȖȔț ȜȓȈȋț ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȑ ȉȣȓ ȊȐȌȍȕ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȕȣȝ ȔȍșȚ Ȑ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȔȐȓȧȝ Ȋ
ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ ȖȚ ȕȈș
ǶȗțȝȖȓȤ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȑ ȧ Ƞȍȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ dzȖȘȌ ǷțȞȒȐȕș ȉȣȓ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȦȉȍȏȍȕ ȟȚȖ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ
ȕȍșȚȐ ȔȖȑ ȉȈȋȈȎ ǬȖ șțȔȍȘȍȒ Ȕȣ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȔȐȓȐ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍ-
ȌțȘȕȖ ȗȘȖȊȍȓȐ ȕȖȟȤ Ȋ ȉȍșȍȌȒȍ șȓȖȎȍȕȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ
ǹȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȝȖȚȧ ȗȖȋȖȌȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȈȧ ȔȈȓȖ ȗȘȐȉȓȐ-
ȏȐȓ ȕȈș Ȓ ȞȍȓȐ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ǵȈȔ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȗȍȘȍȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ȟȍ-
Șȍȏ ȌȊȈ ȘțȟȍȑȒȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȓȍș ȋȌȍ Ȕȣ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕțȎȌȍȕȣ
ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȕȖȟȍȊȈȚȤ șȐȌȧ ȕȈ ȓȐșȚȤȧȝ ǸȖșȖȑ ȕȈș ȗȘȖȔȖȟȐȓȖ ȌȖ ȒȖș-
Țȍȑ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȒȈȒ șȗȈșȍȕȐȧ ȎȌȈȓȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȓțȟȍȑ șȖȓȕȞȈ ǵȍȉȖ ȕȍ ȗȖ-
șȒțȗȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ȚȍȗȓȖ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȈȓȖ ȕȈȔ ȚȈȒȖȑ șȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȎȈȘ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ
șȒȖȘȖ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ șȍȉȧ ȖȉȍșșȐȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȖȚ ȎȈȘȣ Ȑ ȝȖȌȤȉȣ ȗȖ
ȘȈșȒȈȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȒȈȔȍȠȒȈȔ
ǶȒȖȓȖ ȗȖȓțȌȕȧ Ȕȣ ȍȓȍ ȊȖȓȖȟȐȓȐ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȋ ȐȏȕȍȔȖ-
ȎȍȕȐȐ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȚȘȈȊț ǫțȉȣ ț ȕȈș ȏȈȗȍȒȓȐșȤ ȧȏȣȒ Ȑ ȋȖȘȓȖ
ȗȍȘȍșȖȝȓȐ Ȑ ȕȐȋȌȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ ȒȈȗȓȐ ȊȖȌȣ ǶȚȌȖȝȕțȊ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ
Ȕȣ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȗȖ ȒȈȔȕȧȔ ȖȉȘȖșȠȐȔ ȔȝȖȔ ǹȚȈȐ ȠȔȍȓȍȑ
ȉȈȉȖȟȍȒ Ȑ Ȕțȝ ȓȍȚȈȓȐ ȕȈȌ ȕȈȠȐȔȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȈȔȐ Ȑ șȗȍȠȐȓȐ Ȓ ȞȊȍ-
ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ Ȍȓȧ ȕȐȝ ȉȣȓ ȋȖȚȖȊ șȓȈȌȒȐȑ ȕȍȒȚȈȘ Ȉ Ȕȣ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ ȠȈȋȈ-
ȓȐ ȗȖ ȘȈșȒȈȓȍȕȕȣȔ șȖȓȕȞȍȔ ȒȈȔȕȧȔ

ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȊȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȔ ȟȈșț Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ șȚȍȉȍȓȤ Ȑ Ȏȍȓ-
Țȣȍ ȞȊȍȚȣ ȏȊȍȘȖȉȖȧ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ Ȕȣ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȍ șȒȈȓȣ
ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓșȧ ȊȐȌ ȕȈ ȞȍȓȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȐ ǪȌȈȓȐ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȐșȤ șȐȓțȥȚȣ ȜȓȈ-
ȋȈ Ȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ Ƞȓȧȗ ȗȖȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȧșȕȍȍ ȖȉȘȐșȖȊȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ Ȑ șȗȐȕȣ ȕȈ-
ȠȐȝ șȚȖȘȖȎȍȑ ǯȘȍȓȐȡȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȐȌȈȓȖ ȕȈȔ șȐȓ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȓȐșȤ ȊȖ
ȊȓȈȎȕțȦ ȟȈȡț ȏȍȓȍȕȐ Ȋ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȍ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕțȚȤ Ȋ șȒȖȘȖȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȎȍȓȈȕȕȖȑ Ȟȍ-
ȓȐ ǵȈȔ ȗȖȗȈȓȈșȤ ȓțȎȈ ȊȖȌȣ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȚȖ ȊȖȋȕțȚȖȔ ȓȐșȚȍ Ȑ țȚȖȓȐȊ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȚȖȔȐȊȠțȦ ȕȈș ȎȈȎȌț Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȓȍȋȓȐ ȖȚȌȖȝȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȚȍȕȐ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȝ ȓȐșȚȤȍȊ
Ǵȍȕȧ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȓ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȑ ȖȒȘȐȒ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕȈ
— ǪșȚȈȊȈȑȚȍ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ǷȖȘȈ Ȋ ȌȖȘȖȋț ǷȐȚȤ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȓȐ" ȇ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȊȖȌț ȗȖ-
ȝȖȓȖȌȕȍȍ Ȑ ȖșȊȍȎȐȓșȧ ǪȖȌȈ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȕȍȊȈȎȕȈȧ ȋȖȘȤȒȖȊȈȚȈ ȕȈ ȊȒțș ȕȖ ȏȈ ȕȍ-
ȐȔȍȕȐȍȔ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȥȚȖȑ
— ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ ȊȈș Ȕȕȍ ȗȐȚȤ ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ ǰȌȍȔ

130
DZșȎȐȎ ;,,
ǼDzǶǻ ǶǹǶ ȀǾǶ ǯǶǹdzȀǮ" ȁǴǮǿǻǼdz ǽǾǶǸǹȌȅdzǻǶdz
ȀǾǶDzȄǮȀȊ ǺǶǹȊ ǰ ǺǶǻȁȀȁ ǰ ǿȀǾǮǻdz ǿǻdzDZǼǰ
ǬȖ ȏȈȝȖȌȈ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȍȡȍ ȟȈșȈ ȚȘȐ Ȑ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȥȚȐȔ
ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ǭȡȍ ȖȌȕȈ ȕȖȟȤ Ȑ Ȕȣ țȊȐȌȐȔ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȥȘȈ ǩȐȋȋșȈ
ǷȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ Ȕȣ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ Ȗ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȗȓȈȕȈȝ ȕȈ ȉțȌț-
ȡȍȍ ǵȖ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ ȎȈȓȖȊȈȓșȧ Ȋșȍ ȕȈ șțȝȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȋȖȘȓȍ
— ǰȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȕȈ ȕȈȠ ȗȓȈȕ șȥȘ ǩȐȋȋș — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ. — ǷȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȓȧȦ șȍȉȍ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȕȕțȦ ȜȐȏȐȖȕȖȔȐȦ ȈȌȊȖȒȈȚȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ țȏȕȈȍȚ Ȗ ȕȈȠȍȔ
ȘȍȠȍȕȐȐ
— ȇ țȔȘț ȖȚ șȔȍȝȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋȓȍȏț Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȘȔȈȕ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȓȖȘȌ — ǩȍȌȕȣȑ
ǸȖȉȍȘȚ ȌȈ Ȗȕ ȍȌȊȈ ȉțȌȍȚ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȤșȧ ȕȍșȧ ȌȊțȝ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȊȍȓȐȒȈȕȖȊ
ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ș ȊȈȔȐ
— ȅȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ Ǩ ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ ș ȕȈȔȐ ȉțȌȍȚ ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȊȏȌțȔȈȍȚ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ
ȕȈș ȓȦȌȧȔ" ǶȕȐ ȉțȌțȚ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȚȤ ȕȈș ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȊȐȌȈȕȕȖȍ ȟțȌȖ Ȑ ȐȏȖ-
ȔȕțȚ ȐșȚȘȍȗȓȦȚ ȕȈș Ȋ ȒțșȒȐ ǭșȓȐ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ ȘȍȠȐȚ șȗȘȧȚȈȚȤ ȕȈș ȗȖȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȚȖ
ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȌțȠȐȚ ȕȈș ǯȈȚȍȔ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȊȖȗȘȖș șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȐȓȍȚȖȊ Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ
ȊȏȧȚȤ ȕȈ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ" ǭșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȊȖȏȤȔȍȚ ȖȌȐȕ ȉȐȓȍȚ ȥȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȍȟȍșȚȕȖ
ȍșȓȐ Ȏȍ ȒțȗȐȚ ȚȘȐ ȚȖ ȊȖȏȉțȌȐȚ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȧ
— Ƕȕ ȊȖȏȤȔȍȚ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȖȍ Ȓțȗȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȓȖȘȌ — ǬȈ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ Ǭȓȧ ȕȈș
Ȑ ȞȍȓȖȋȖ ȊȈȋȖȕȈ ȔȈȓȖ ǷțșȚȤ ȊȖȏȤȔȍȚ ȥȒșȚȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȍȏȌ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȑ ǪȈȘȠȈȊȣ
ǻȜ ȒȈȒ Ȕȕȍ ȎȈȘȒȖ
— ǵț-ȕț-ȕț ȕȍ ȗȘȍțȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȑȚȍ Ȕȣ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȖ ȗȖȔȍșȚȐȔșȧ Ȋ ȖȚȌȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȔ Ȓțȗȍ
— Ǫȣ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȔȍșȚȐȚȍșȤ Ȉ ȧ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȍȡțșȤ Ǵȕȍ ȕțȎȍȕ
ȖșȖȉȣȑ ȗȖȍȏȌ șȓȣȠȐȚȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȍȏȌ Ȋ șȖȘȖȒ șȗȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȊȈȋȖȕȖȊ ȖȉȐȚȣȝ
ȉȈȘȝȈȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȉȣȓȖ Ȕȕȍ ȋȌȍ ȘȈșȚȧȕțȚȤșȧ
ȇ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȓȖȘȌȈ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȍȋȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ
ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȒȘȈșȕȍȓ Ǫ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȕȈ ȔȖȑ ȗȣȚȓȐȊȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ Ȗȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȧ
ȗȖȎȍȓȚȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȓȐȔȖȕ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȖȚȔȈȝȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȖȉȍȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȖȚ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȝ Ȕțȝ
— ǵȍ țȌȐȊȓȧȑȚȍșȤ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȖȒȘȈșȕȍȓ ȐșȚȣȑ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȉȘȐȚȈȕȍȞ ȊșȍȋȌȈ
ȒȘȈșȕȍȍȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȓȐȚșȧ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȈș ȏȓȐȚ ȔȐȓȖȘȌ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
— ǬȈ ȘȈȏȊȍ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȒȖȔȈȘȖȊ Ȕțȝ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȧȡȍȘȐȞ ȗȖȌ
ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȟȍȘȚ ȉȣ Ȑȝ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȖȉȘȈȓ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȍȐșȚȖȊȖ ȏȈȔȈȝȈȓ Șț-
ȒȈȔȐ
ǴȕȖȦ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓ țȎȈș ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕ șȝȖȌȐȓ ș țȔȈ Ƕȕ ȗȓȍȊȈȓșȧ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ Șț-
ȋȈȓșȧ ȚȖȗȈȓ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ǪȌȘțȋ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍșȒȖȟȐȓ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȑ Ȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȑ ȘȖȊ
— ǪȖȚ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȌȖ șȖȒȘȈȡȈȚȤ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȧ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ — ǵț ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ȏȈ ȊȈȔȐ ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ" ǸȍȠȈȑȚȍșȤ
ǸȍȠȐȚȤșȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȓȍȋȒȖ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȧ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȓȖȘȌȈ ȧ ȕȈȗȘȧȋ Ȋșȍ șȊȖȐ șȐ-

131
ȓȣ ȗȘȣȋȕțȓ Ȑ țȗȈȓ Ȋ ȔȘȈȟȕțȦ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤ ȇ Ƞȓȍȗȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȔȧȋȒȐȑ
ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ ȇ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤșȧ ȕȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ țȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȓȍȎȈ ȕȐȟ-
ȒȖȔ ȧ ȕȍ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȉȣȓ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ ȕȈȉȖȒ dzȖȘȌ Ȏȍ ȕȈȋȕțȓșȧ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ
ș ȉȍȘȍȋȈ Ȑ ȝȖȝȖȚȈȓ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȋȖȘȌȖ ȇ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈ ȓȖȒȚȐ ȏȈȚȍȔ țȗȍȘșȧ ȓȈȌȖ-
ȕȧȔȐ ȕȖ ȘțȒȐ ȔȖȐ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȗȖȋȘȧȏȓȐ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȚȖ ȓȐȗȒȖȔ șȖșȚȈȊȍ ȇ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȧ
ȗȘȐȓȐȗ Ȓ ȟȍȔț-ȚȖ
dzȖȘȌ, ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, ȘȈȏȘȣȊȈȓșȧ ȖȚ șȔȍȝȈ ȖȚȗțșȒȈȓ ȊșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȍ ȠțȚȖȟȒȐ
Ȑ ȕȈșȔȍȠȒȐ ȕȈ ȔȖȑ șȟȍȚ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ țȉȍȎȈȓ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȚȍȔȕȍȓȖ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȖȚ șȚȘȈ-
ȝȈ ȒȈȒ ȏȈ șȍȉȧ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȏȈ ȓȖȘȌȈ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍ-
ȓȈȌȕȖȍ ȇ ȘȊȈȕțȓșȧ ȘȈȏ-ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȐȏȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȐȓ ȕȖ ȉȍȏțșȗȍȠȕȖ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȧ ȗȖȊȍȘ-
ȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓșȧ ȒȘțȋȖȔ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȍ ȋȘȖ-
ȔȈȌȕȖȑ țȓȐȚȒȐ ȉȍȏ ȘȈȒȖȊȐȕȒȐ ǫȐȋȈȕȚșȒȈȧ țȓȐȚȒȈ ȖȉȍșȗȖȒȖȍȕȕȈȧ ȔȖȍȑ ȊȖȏȕȍȑ
ȊȈȎȕȖ ȌȊȐȕțȓȈșȤ Ȓ Ȓțȟȍ ȋȕȐȓȣȝ ȓȐșȚȤȍȊ Ȑ ȧ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȊșȧȒȖȍ
ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȓȐȠȤ țȝțȌȠȐȚ ȔȖȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ǶșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ ȖȌȐȕ ȗțȚȤ Ȓ șȗȈșȍȕȐȦ ȇ
ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȕȧȓ ș șȍȉȧ șȦȘȚțȒ ȊȣșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓ Ȑȏ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȑ ȊșȒȈȘȈȉȒȈȓșȧ ȗȖ
șȚȍȉȓȧȔ ȕȈ ȓȐșȚ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ șȓȍȚȍȓ dzȖȘȌȈ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȔ ȇ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȓȐȠȤ
ȊȌȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖș ǸȐșȒțȧ șȓȖȔȈȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȚȈȓ ȗȍȘȍșȒȈȒȐȊȈȚȤ ș
ȓȐșȚȈ ȕȈ ȓȐșȚ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ ȌȖȋȕȈȓ ȓȖȘȌȈ Ƕȕ ȠȈȋȈȓ Ȑ ȠȈȚȈȓșȧ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȤȧȕȣȑ
ǻȊȐȌȧ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ȊȒȖȗȈȕȕȣȑ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ
ȏȈȚȍȔ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȖșȣȗȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ țȗȘȍȒȈȔȐ Ƕȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȍȋȖ
ȗȖȋțȉȐȓ ȏȈȊȓȍȒ Ȋ ȉȍȌț ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȖȕȍș ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȟțȠȤ Ȗȉ ȐȕȌțșȈȝ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ț
ȕȍȋȖ ȌȊȍ ȗȈȘȣ ȘțȒ Ȑ ȌȊȍ ȗȈȘȣ ȕȖȋ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȌȍȓȐȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȚțȓȖȊȐȡȈ Ȑ
țȓȍȚȐȚ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ
ǩȣȓȖ ȧșȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȖȚȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȕȖ ȟȍȔ" ǸțȒȐ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ șțȝȐ Ȑ ȋȖȘȧ-
ȟȐ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȣȓȈȓȖ Ȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȓȍșȚȍȓȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ ȖȋȕȍȔ ȇ ȕȐȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȍȔț ȗȖ-
ȔȖȟȤ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȧȌȐȧ ȕȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȐ ȒȈȗȓȐ ȊȖ-
Ȍȣ ǪȖȌȈ șȓȖȊȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȘȖșȐȓȖ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȠȕțȦ ȏȈȋȈȌȒț ȇ ȗȖȕȧȓ
ȟȚȖ ȓȖȘȌ ǷțȞȒȐȕș ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȕȈȗȐȓșȧ ȊȖȌȣ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ șȖȒȖȔ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧ ǶȌȕȖȑ șȖȚȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȒȈȗȓȐ ȊȖȌȣ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȊȠȍȑșȧ ȕȈ ȓȐșȚȍ ȌțȘȔȈȕȈ, ȉȍ-
ȓȍȕȣ ȐȓȐ ȒȘȈșȈȊȒȐ ȉȍȓȓȈȌȖȕȕȣ
 ȉȣȓȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȣȏȊȈȚȤ
ț ȕȈș ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȒȈȒȐȍ ț ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȈșȚȈȓȐ ȉȣ ȗȖșȓȍ Ȟȍ-
ȓȖȋȖ șȚȈȒȈȕȈ ȧȌȖȊȐȚȖȋȖ ȕȈȗȐȚȒȈ
dzȖȘȌ țșȗȖȒȖȐȊȠȐȑșȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȖȗȧȚȤ șȚȈȓ ȉțȠȍȊȈȚȤ Ǵȍȕȧ Ȗȕ ȕȍ
țȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȔȍȚȈȓșȧ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ șȣȗȈȓ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȉȍ-
ȎȈȚȤ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȖȋ ȇ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȈȓșȧ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ǵȈ ȒȘȈȦ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȓȐșȚȈ ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȟȍȘȕȍȓȈ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤ ȓȖȘȌ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ țȒȈȏȈȓ ȘțȒȖȑ ȕȈ
ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ șȚȘȍȒȖȏț șȐȌȍȊȠțȦ ȕȈ șȚȍȉȓȍ ȕȈȌ șȈȔȖȑ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤȦ ǹȚȘȍȒȖȏȈ ȒțȗȈ-
ȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȝ ȓțȟȈȝ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȓȐȊȈȧșȤ ȞȊȍȚȈȔȐ șȔȈȘȈȋȌȖȊ Ȑ șȈȗȜȐȘȖȊ ȕȍ
ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓȈ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȕȖȊȖȗȘȐȉȣȊȠȐȝ ȋȖșȚȍȑ
— ǪȖȚ ȖȕȈ! — ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȖȉȍȏțȔȍȊȠȐȑ ȓȖȘȌ Ȑ ȘȐȕțȓșȧ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋȗȍ-
ȘȍȌȇ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȘțȒț
— ǵȐ ȠȈȋț ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȔȐȓȖȘȌ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ șȚȖȐȚȍ ȕȈȌ ȗȘȖȗȈ-
șȚȤȦ"
— ǷțșȚȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ — ȌȐȒȖ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȊȣȘȊȈȊȠȐșȤ Ȑȏ ȔȖȐȝ ȘțȒ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ

132
ȗȘȣȎȖȒ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ ȖȒȖȓȖ șȚȘȍȒȖȏȣ
ȇ ȖȒȈȔȍȕȍȓ ȖȚ țȎȈșȈ dzȖȘȌ, ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, ș ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȌȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ
ȏȕȈȒȈȔȐ ȟȚȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȣȑ ȘȣșȈȒ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț țȔȟȐȚ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȘȖȌȐȕț ǵȍșȟȈ-
șȚȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓ șȚȘȍȒȖȏț ȏȈ ȒȖȕȧ Ȑ ȏȈȕȍș țȎȍ ȕȖȋț ȕȈ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȍ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ
ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȧ ȗȖȌȉȍȎȈȓ Ȑ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȕȖ Ȗȕ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȕȈ
ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȒȈȒ ȗȍȘȣȠȒȖ Ȑ ȗȖșȈȌȐȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș șȖȉȖȦ ȕȈ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȕȈșȍ-
ȒȖȔȖȍ
ǹȚȘȍȒȖȏȈ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȊ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ ȠȍȊȍȓȤȕțȓȈ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ǸțȒȐ ȓȖȘȌȈ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ șȗȓȍȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȔȖȍȑ ȋȘțȌȐ Ȑ Ȕȣ ș ȉȣșȚ-
ȘȖȚȖȦ ȔȖȓȕȐȐ ȗȖȔȟȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈȌ ȌȖȓȐȕȖȑ
Ǻȍȉȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȏȈȌțȔȣȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈȌ ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ
ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ ȗȚȐȟȤȍȋȖ ȗȖȓȍȚȈ ǵȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȗȖȟȚȖȊȣȍ ȋȖȓțȉȐ șȖȗȍȘȕȐȟȈȦȚ șȖ șȒȖ-
ȘȣȔȐ ȗȖȍȏȌȈȔȐ Ȉ ȓȈșȚȖȟȒȐ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȦȚ ȗȖ  ȊȍȘșȚ Ȋ ȟȈș Ƿȟȍȓȣ Ȏȍ ȔțȝȐ Ȑ
ȌȈȎȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȕȍțȒȓȦȎȐȍ ȎțȒȐ ȊșȚțȗȈȦȚ ș ȊȍȚȘȖȔ Ȋ șȗȖȘ Ȑ ȊȣȝȖȌȧȚ ȗȖȉȍȌȐ-
ȚȍȓȧȔȐ ǿȚȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ șȚȘȍȒȖȏȣ ȚȖ ȖȌȐȕ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȏȖȖȓȖȋ ȉȣȓ ȖȌȐȕ ȘȈȏ șȊȐ-
ȌȍȚȍȓȍȔ șȖșȚȧȏȈȕȐȧ ȍȍ ș ȓȈșȚȖȟȒȖȑ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȖȔ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȐ Ǿȍȓȣȑ
ȌȍȕȤ ȋȖȕȧȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ȕȍȑ ȓȈșȚȖȟȒȈ Ȑ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȗȖȑȔȈȚȤ ȍȍ
ǵȈȠ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝȒȘȣȓȣȑ ȗȍȋȈș ȓȍȚȍȓ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ șȈȔȣȝ șȒȖȘȣȝ ȗȖȍȏȌȖȊ ǵȖ Ȋșȍ
Ȏȍ Țȣ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȐȔȍȚȤ ȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȗȉ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ-
Țȍ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ǭșȓȐ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȤ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȣ ȚȍȓȈ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ Ȑ ȗȚȐȞ ȓȍȋȒȖ
ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓȍȚ ȕȈȠȍȑ șȚȘȍȒȖȏȣ ȉȣȓ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ ȗȖȓȍȚȈ ȗȚȐȞ ȇ ȗȖȧșȕȦ Țȍȉȍ
ȔȣșȓȤ ȕȈȋȓȧȌȕȣȔ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȖȔ
ǭșȓȐ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ Ȋ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȖȉȍȋȈȍȚ  ȈȘȠȐȕ ȚȖ Ȋ
ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȘȈȏ ȔȍȕȤȠȈȧ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ȗȘȐ ȚȈȒȖȔ Ȏȍ ȟȐșȓȍ ȠȈȋȖȊ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȐȚ ȓȐȠȤ  ȈȘ-
ȠȐȕ Ǩ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȔȍȕȤȠȈȧ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈ-
ȓȈ ȚȈȒȖȍ Ȏȍ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȒȈȒ ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȓȖ ȉȣ ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȊȈȧ Ȋ  ȘȈȏ
ȗȘȖȊȖȘȕȍȍ ǷȘȐȔȍȕȧȧ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈșȟȍȚ Ȓ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȔ Ȕȣ ȊȐȌȐȔ ȟȚȖ ȠȔȍȓȤ țșȗȍȠ-
ȕȖ șȖșȚȧȏȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ș ȓȈșȚȖȟȒȖȑ ȊȖ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ ȓȈșȚȖȟȒȐ ȊȖ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȘȈȏ Ȗȕ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȍȍ Ȉ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȧȧ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȊȣȊȖȌ Ȓ ȕȈȠȍȑ șȚȘȍȒȖȏȍ ȧ ȕȍ ȖȠȐȉțșȤ,
șȒȈȏȈȊ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȕȍșȓȐșȤ ș ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ  ȕȈȠȐȝ ȔȐȓȤ Ȋ ȔȐȕțȚț țȌȐȊȓȧȦșȤ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȏȈȌȖȝȕțȓȐșȤ ȗȘȐ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȍ ȗȖȓȍȚȈ
ǵȐ ȖȌȕȈ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ șȖȏȌȈȕȕȈȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȕȍ ȌȖșȚȐȋȓȈ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚȊȈ
ȒȈȒ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȖȋȖ ǫȍȕȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ ȊȘȧȌ ȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȖȌțȔȈȍȚșȧ ȌȖ
ȚȈȒȐȝ ȓȍȋȒȐȝ Ȑ ȔȖȋțȟȐȝ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȒȈȒ ȔțșȒțȓȣ Ȑ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ǵȍș-
ȓȣȝȈȕȕȈȧ Ȑ ȉȍșȗȘȐȔȍȘȕȈȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȈ Ȑȝ ȗȖȓȍȚȈ ȕȍ ȌȈȍȚ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȧ Ȗ șȐȓȍ
ȥȚȐȝ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȑ ǺȖȟȕȣȍ ȊȣȟȐșȓȍȕȐȧ ȌȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȖȚ-
ȕȖȠȍȕȐȐ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ș ȕȐȔȐ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȤșȧ dzȖȠȈȌȤ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ
ȊȍșȖȔ Ȋ  ȗțȌȖȊ ȚȈȡȐȚ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤ Ȋ  ȗțȌȖȊ, ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȒ ȝȘțȡ ȚȈȡȐȚ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤ Ȋ
 ȘȈȏ ȗȘȍȊȣȠȈȦȡțȦ ȍȋȖ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋȍș ǯȖȓȖȚȐșȚȈȧ ȎțȎȍȓȐȞȈ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧ-
ȕȐȐ ȚȈȡȐȚȤ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤ, Ȋ  ȘȈȏ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ șȈȔȈ ȊȍșȐȚ Ȉ ȘȈȌțȎȕȐȞȈ
— Ȋ  ȘȈȏ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȥȚȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȣ ȒȈȒ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ȚȖ ȖȕȈ
ȔȖȋȓȈ ȉȣ ȚȈȡȐȚȤ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤ Ȋ  ȜțȕȚȖȊ
ǪȖȖȉȡȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȍȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȔȍȕȤȠȐȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȍ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ ȒȘțȗȕȣȝ
Ȑ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȍ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ șȐȓȤȕȣȍ Țȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ Ȑ ȓȍȋ-
ȟȍ ȊȍșȖȔ

133
ǰȚȈȒ Ȕȣ ș ȓȖȘȌȖȔ ȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȊȍȘȝȖȔ
ȕȈ șȚȘȍȒȖȏȍ ǷȖȌ ȕȈȔȐ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȐ ȊȣșȖ-
ȒȐȍ ȋȖȘȣ ȌȐȒȐȍ țȡȍȓȤȧ Ȑ ȌȖȓȐȕȣ țșȚ-
ȓȈȕȕȣȍ ȒȈȔȍȕȤȧȔȐ DzȖȍ-ȋȌȍ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ Ȗȏȍ-
ȘȈ Ȑ ȉȍȓȍȓȐ ȏȈȓȍȎȐ Ȋȍȟȕȣȝ șȕȍȋȖȊ ǷȘȐ
ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȍ ȉȍȏțȔȕȈȧ ȍȏȌȈ ȋȘȖȏȐȓȈ
ȕȈȔ ȋȐȉȍȓȤȦ ǪȌȘțȋ ȕȈȠ ȎȐȊȖȑ ȓȖȒȖȔȖ-
ȚȐȊ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȖȗțșȒȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț Ȕȣ
ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ ǹȓȈȊȈ ǩȖȋț
șȚȘȍȒȖȏȈ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ șȧȌȍȚ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȗȘȍșȗȖ-
ȒȖȑȕȖ șȓȍȏȍȔ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ǵȖ ȕȍ țșȗȍȓ ȧ
ȥȚȖ ȗȖȌțȔȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȏȓȖȌȍȑȒȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȈ ȒȈ-
ȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȌȖȉȣȟț Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ șȚȘȍ-
ȓȖȑ Ǵȣ Ȏȍ ș ȔȖȐȔ ȓȖȘȌȖȔ ȋȘȖȝȕțȓȐșȤ
ȖȏȍȔȤ ȇ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȓ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
ȌȖȔ ȒȘțȋȖȔ Ǫșȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȍȓȖ
Ǵȣ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȖȉȢȧȚȕȖȔ șȕȍȎ-
ȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȔ ȖȚ ȔȐȘȈ ȊȣșȖȒȐ-
ȔȐ ȋȖȘȕȣȔȐ ȝȘȍȉȚȈȔȐ
DzȈȒȈȧ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȈ ǰȏ
șȚȘȈȕȣ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȚȍȗȓȈ Ȑ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ Ȕȣ Ȋ ȕȍ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȊȖȓȍȦ șțȌȍȉ ȗȍȘȍȕȍșȓȐșȤ
Ȋ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȗȖȧș Ȋ șȚȘȈȕț ȊȍȟȕȖȑ ȏȐȔȣ
***
«ǵț ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȌȧȌȦȠȒȈ ȗȍȘȍ-
șȚȈȕȍȚ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȔȐ Ȗ ȕȈ-
șȍȒȖȔȣȝ», — ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȗȖȌțȔȈȍȠȤ Țȣ ȗȓȍ-
ȔȧȕȕȐȟȍȒ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȉȓȈȎȍȕȕȖȔ
ȕȍȊȍȌȍȕȐȐ ȟȚȖ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕȍ Ȋȍȟȕȣȝ șȕȍȋȖȊ
ȕȍȚ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ
ǵȖ Țȣ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ ȖȠȐȉȈȍȠȤșȧ ǯȐȔȕȐȑ

ȔȐȘ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȍȕ ȟȍȔ ȓȍȚȕȐȑ Ȑ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȝȖȚȤ
ȗȈȘț șȓȖȊ
Dz ȏȐȔȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȍ ȊȣȔȐȘȈȦȚ ȕȖ ȓȐȠȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȊȏȘȖ-
șȓȣȍ Ǻȍ Ȏȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȏȐȔȈ ȕȈșȚȐȋȓȈ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ șȚȈȌȐȧȝ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȧ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȧȐȟȍȒ
ȐȓȐ ȒțȒȖȓȖȒ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȦȚ ȎȐȚȤ Ȋ ȡȍȓȧȝ șȒȈȓ Ȋ ȌțȗȓȈȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ ȗȖȌ ȒȈȔȕȧ-
ȔȐ ȊȖ ȔȝȈȝ ȐȓȐ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȍ Ȑ ȚȈȔ ȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖ ȌȖȎȐȌȈȦȚșȧ Ȋȍșȕȣ ǵȖ ȍșȚȤ
Ȑ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȎȐȊțȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȐȔȖȦ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȏȐȔȕȐȑ ȓț-
ȋȖȊȐȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȐȑ ȒȖȔȈȘ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȦȡȐȑșȧ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȑ ȖșȍȕȤȦ ȐȓȐ ȏȐȔȖȦ Ȑ ȎȐ-
ȊțȡȐȑ ȓȐȠȤ ȌȖ Ȋȍșȕȣ ǬȈȓȍȍ — șȕȍȋȖȊȣȍ ȉȓȖȝȐ, ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȞȍȓȣȔȐ ȔȈș-
șȈȔȐ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȏȐȔȣ șȒȈȟțȡȐȔȐ ȗȖ șȕȍȋț. ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȓȦȉȧȚ ȖȕȐ șȓȍȌȣ ȖșȚȈȊ-
ȓȧȍȔȣȍ ȕȈ șȕȍȋț ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȏȐȔȕȐȑ ȉȖȘȍȑ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ șȚȖȧ-
ȡȐȑ Ȓ șȒȖȘȗȐȖȕȕȐȞȍ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȍȚșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȐȔȖȦ ȕȈ ȓȍȚȖ Ȗȕ ȏȈȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȋȓțȉȖ-
ȒȖ Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȖȎȐȌȈȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȔȖȘȖȏȣ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȚ ȍȔț ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȚȤșȧ ȗȘȍȓȍș-
ȚȧȔȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ

135
DZșȎȐȎ ;,,,
ǵǮǸǹȌȅdzǻǶdz
ǷȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȕȈȠȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȖȍ ǭȡȍ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ Ȕȣ ȖȉȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȈȒ șȟȈșȚ-
ȓȐȊȣ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ȕȈȠȍ ȉȓȐȏȐȓȖșȤ Ȓ ȒȖȕȞț Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈș ȎȌȍȚ șȔȍȘȚȤ Ȋ
șȕȍȎȕȖȑ ȗțșȚȣȕȍ ǰȓȐ Ȕȣ ȖȉȈ ȗȖȋȐȉȕȍȔ ȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȏȈȒȈȚȍ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȧ ȖșȚȈȊȓȦ
ȓȖȘȌȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ șȕȍȋț Ȑ ȊȍȘȕțșȤ ȖȌȐȕ Ȓ ȓȦȌȧȔ ȒȈȒ ȕȈș-
ȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ǵȈȗȐȚȖȒ ǵțȘȍȌȌȐȕȈ ȉȣȓ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ șȗȈșȍȕȐȍȔ
ȕȖ ȘȈȏȊȍ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ"
ǰ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖșȍȕȐȓȈ ȔȣșȓȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ Ȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȐȕȈ ȔȖȋț ȍȡȍ ȊȣȘȊȈȚȤ
Ȑȏ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ
dzȖȘȌ ǷțȞȒȐȕș ȖȚȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȚȣșȧȟȕȖȑ ȌȖȓȍȑ ȋȘȈȕȈ ȧȌȈ ǭșȓȐ ȧ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡț ȍȔț
ȍȋȖ ȕȈȚțȘȈȓȤȕțȦ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕț ȥȚȈ ȟȈșȚȐȟȒȈ ȗȖȋțȉȐȊȠȈȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȋȖ ǷțȞȒȐȕșȈ
Ȍȓȧ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔȈ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ǷțȞȒȐȕșȈ șȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍȟțȊșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ
Ȑ țȔȐȘȈȦȡȐȑ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȏȌȖȘȖȊȍȍȚ ǵȖ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȖȋȌȈ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ" ȇ ȕȍ-
ȌȖȓȋȖ, ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ, ȉȖȘȖȓșȧ șȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȥȋȖȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȈȔȐ ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȕȈȟȈ-
ȓȖ ȒȓȖȕȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȏȈȒȈȚț Ȑ ȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȖȚȒțȗȖȘȐȓ ȜȓȈȒȖȕ Ȑ țșȈȌȐȊ ȓȖȘȌȈ ȕȈ șȕȍȋț
ȊȓȐȓ ȍȔț Ȋ ȘȖȚ șȒȊȖȏȤ șȚȐșȕțȚȣȍ ȏțȉȣ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕțȦ ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȤ
ǹȊȍȘȠȐȓȖșȤ ǭșȓȐ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȠȈȋ ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȚ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ ȎȍȓȈȕȕȣȝ
ȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȑ Ȕȣ ȖȉȈ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȐ
***
ȇ ȕȍ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȓ ȓȖȘȌȈ Ȑȏ șȊȖȐȝ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȑ ȕȖ ȧ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȓȕȣ
ȎȐȏȕȐ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȈȓȐ Ȓ ȓȐȞț ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȔț ȊȐȌț
ȇ ȚȖȎȍ ȊȗȈȓ Ȋ ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȝȖȓȖȌȈ ȐȓȐ șȐȓȤȕȖȋȖ
ȌțȠȍȊȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȕȖ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍȕȐȧ ȊȣȗȐȚȣȑ ȔȕȖȦ
ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȥȓȐȒșȐȘ ǵțȘȍȌȌȐȕȈ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ șȊȖȦ șȐȓț Ȑ ȧ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȘȖșȚȈ
Ǵȍȕȧ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȓ ȖȚ ȔȖȍȋȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ șȕȈ ȋȖȓȖș ǷțȞȒȐȕșȈ
— ǫȌȍ Ȕȣ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȔșȧ" — șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ Ȗȕ ȖȏȐȘȈȧșȤ ȒȘțȋȖȔ — ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȈ ȔȍȘȏ-
ȓȣȑ șȈȝȈȘ ȕȈșȣȗȈȕ ȚțȚ"
— ȅȚȖ ȕȍ șȈȝȈȘ Ȉ șȕȍȋ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ȧ — DzȈȒ Ȋȣ șȍȉȧ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚȍ ȔȐȓȖȘȌ"
— ǷȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ǪȣșȗȈȓșȧ ȧ ȟțȌȍșȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖȚ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȇ ȕȍ ȗȖȔ-
ȕȦ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ șȦȌȈ ȗȖȗȈȓȐ
— ȇ Ȋșȍ ȊȈȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȎț ȗȖȚȖȔ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ — Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊșȚȈȊȈȑȚȍ ǵȈȔ ȗȖȘȈ Ȋ
ȗțȚȤdzȖȘȌ ǷțȞȒȐȕș ȓȍȋȒȖ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ ȕȈ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȏȈȠȈȋȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȖȓȍȌȍȕȍȊ-
Ƞȍȑ ȗȖȟȊȍ
ǩȣȓȖ ȚȍȔȕȖ Ȑ ȓȖȘȌ ǷțȞȒȐȕș ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȣ dzȐȠȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ

ȊȣȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȍȕȐșȚțȦ ȌȖȘȖȋț Ȗȕ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ
Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌȓȍ ȕȍȋȖ ȐȌȍȚ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȍ ȒȈȘȓȐȒ ǶȚȒȘȣȚȐȍ ȥȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȍȋȖ ȘȈș-
șȍȘȌȐȓȖ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȓȖ
— ǰȏ-ȏȈ Ȕȍȕȧ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ — ȘțȝȕțȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȊȈȠȐ ȗȓȈȕȣ ǴȖȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ șȓȐ-
ȠȒȖȔ ȌȖȘȖȋȖ ȖȉȖȠȓȈșȤ ȊȈȔ
— ǵț ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ǬȘțȋȖȋȖ ȐșȝȖȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȐȕȈȟȍ Ȕȣ ȖȉȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ
ȗȖȋȐȉȕțȚȤ ǪȏȋȓȧȕȐȚȍ Ȋ Țț șȚȖȘȖȕț — ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȚȈȔ ȖȋȖȕȍȒ Ȋ ȌȖȓȐȕȍ" ǺȈȔ ȎȌȍȚ
ȕȈș șȥȘ ǩȐȋȋș ǷȖșȗȍȠȐȔ Ȏȍ ȖȉȕȧȚȤ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȌȘțȋȈ Ȑ șȖȋȘȍȚȤ ȖȒȖȟȍȕȍȊȠȐȍ ȒȖș-
ȚȐ ț ȍȋȖ ȗȣȓȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȒȖșȚȘȈ
ǹȥȘ ǩȐȋȋș ȉȣȓ țȎȍ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ, șȓȖȊȕȖ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ, Ȗș-
ȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ ȍȋȖ ȗȈȓȈȚȒȐ
ǺȈȒ ȒȖȕȟȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈȠȐ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ
ǺȊȖȑ ǰȊȈȕ ǴțȝȖȓȖȊȒȐȕ».

137
Ƕǩ ǨǪǺǶǸǭ
ȅȘȈȏȔ ǴȈȍȊșȒȐȑ ȘȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ dzȦȉȓȐȕȍ Ȋ  ȋ ǷȖ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȐ ȊȈȘȠȈȊșȒȖȑ ȋȐȔ-
ȕȈȏȐȐ ȐȏțȟȈȓ ȜȈȘȔȈȒȖȓȖȋȐȦ Ȋ ǪȈȘȠȈȊȍ Ȑ ǸȐȋȍ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȏȈȔȍȕȐȓ ȖȚȞȈ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ Șț-
ȒȖȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȧ șȍȔȍȑȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȧȚȐȧ ©ǪȈȘȠȈȊșȒȈȧ ȝȐȔȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȧ ǰȗȗȖ-
ȓȐȚȈ ǴȈȍȊșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ șȣȕȖȊȍȑª ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȌȖȝȖȌȈȔ ȖȚ ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȖȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ
ǴȈȍȊșȒȐȑ ȔȖȋ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȍșȚȐ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȖȉȍșȗȍȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȖ Ȑ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ șȈ-
ȔȣȔȐ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ ȕȈțȟȕȣȔȐ ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȐȧȔȐ Ǫ ȟȈșȚȕȖșȚȐ Ȗȕ țȊȓȍȒȈȓșȧ ȥȕȚȖ-
ȔȖȓȖȋȐȍȑ ȖȗțȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȓ ȒȕȐȋȐ Neoptera Polonica Ȑ ȌȊțȝȚȖȔȕȣȑ ǹȓȖȊȈȘȤ ȗȖȓȤșȒȐȝ
ȏȖȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȉȖȚȈȕȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȕȈȐȔȍȕȖȊȈȕȐȑ (1891).
ǹ -ȝ ȋȋ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȣ ǴȈȍȊșȒȖȋȖ șȔȍșȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȉȓȈșȚȤ ȈȘȝȍȖȓȖȋȐȐ Ƕȕ ȗțȉȓȐȒȖ-
ȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȐȒȍ — Universe, Gazeta Polska Ȑ :ĊGURZLHF, ȕȍțȚȖȔȐȔȖ șȖȉȐȘȈȓ ȒȖȓ-
ȓȍȒȞȐȐ Ȋ  ȋ ȖșȕȖȊȈȓ ȍȎȍȋȖȌȕȐȒ ĝZLDWRZLW ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈȔ ȗȘȍȐșȚȖ-
ȘȐȐ Ȑ șȓȈȊȧȕșȒȖȑ ȈȘȝȍȖȓȖȋȐȐ Ȋ  ȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȈȘȝȍȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȑ Ȕț-
ȏȍȑ Ȋ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȐ ǶȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ȗȖȖȡȘȍȕȐȧ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊ Ȋ ǪȈȘȠȈȊȍ
Ǫ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȋȖȌț ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȋ șȊȍȚ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȚȖȔ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝȚȖȔȕȐȒȈ ǴȈȍȊșȒȖȋȖ ǵȈțȒȈ Ȗ
ȞȐȊȐȓȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȉȣȓ ȐȏȌȈȕ ȗȖșȔȍȘȚȕȖ Ȋ  ȋ Ǫ  ȋ ǴȈȍȊșȒȐȑ șȚȈȓ ȗȍȘ-
ȊȣȔ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȖȔ ȌȖȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȈȘȝȍȖȓȖȋȐȐ Ȋ ǪȈȘȠȈȊșȒȖȔ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȍ ǻȟȍȕȣȑ
Ȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ șȒȖȕȟȈȓșȧ Ȋ ǪȈȘȠȈȊȍ Ȋ  ȋ
_____
'RNWRU 0XFKRáDSVNi, ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȖȔȈȕ Ȑȏ țșȓȖȊȕȖȑ ȕȈțȟȕȖ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȌȐȓȖ-
ȋȐȐ ǴȈȍȊșȒȖȋȖ țȊȐȌȍȓ șȊȍȚ Ȋ  ȋ Ȋ  ȋ ȉȣȓ ȐȏȌȈȕ ȘȖȔȈȕ Profesor Przedpoto-
powicz.

138
ǻȎȍ Ȋ  ȋ ȎțȘȕȈȓȖȔ ǪșȝȖȌȣ ȖȘȐȍȕȚȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ ȕȈ ȠȒȖȓȤȕȐȒȖȊ ȉȣȓ Ȋȣȗțȡȍȕ
șȖȒȘȈȡȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȈȌȈȗȚȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌ ȘȖȔȈȕȈ ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ǴțȝȖȓȖȊȒȐȕ ȗȖȌ-
ȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȍȑ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȟȐȞȍȑ Ǩ Ǽ ǬȈȔȈȕșȒȖȑ ǹǷȉ ȅ ǴȖȕȚȊȐȌ .
ǿ I-II). ǪȚȖȘȖȍ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȊȣȠȓȖ ȉȍȏ ȐȔȍȕȐ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȟȐȞȣ Ȋ  ȋ
ǷȖȓȕȣȑ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȖșȖȉȣȔȐ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚȊȈȔȐ
 Șțș-
șȒȐȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌ ȘȖȔȈȕȈ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȑ Ǩ DzțȘșȐȕșȒȐȔ (ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ǴțȝȖȓȈȗșȒȐȑ) ȉȣȓ Ȗȗț-
ȉȓȐȒȖȊȈȕ ȐȏȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ ǰ Ǭ ǹȣȚȐȕȈ Ȋ  ȋ
ǹȓȍȌțȍȚ ȖȚȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȚȘȍȝ țȒȈȏȈȕȕȣȝ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧȝ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȈ-
ȞȐȐ Ȇ ǴȈȠȐȕșȒȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȣ ȓȐȠȤ ȟȈșȚȐȟȕȖ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȔȍ-
ȕȍȕȣ ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȈȞȐȧȔȐ ȏȈȐȔșȚȊȖȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ Ȑȏ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȖȊ
Ƕ ȗȖȗțȓȧȘȕȖșȚȐ ȘȖȔȈȕȈ ǴȈȍȊșȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȚȖȚ ȜȈȒȚ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȈȗȐ-
șȈȕȕȣȝ Ȋ -40-ȍ ȋȋ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧȝ șȖȊȍȚșȒȐȝ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȖȊ ǵȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȒȓȦ-
ȟȍȕȐȧ DzȈȘȐȒȈ Ȑ ǪȈȓȐ ȇ dzȈȘȘȐ Ǫ ǹȚȘȈȕȍ ǬȘȍȔțȟȐȝ ǺȘȈȊ Ǫ ǩȘȈȋȐȕȈ
 ȚȈȒ ȐȓȐ ȐȕȈȟȍ
ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȔȖȚȐȊȣ ȍȋȖ ȒȕȐȋȐ
Ǫ ȕȈȠȍȔ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȐ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌ Ǩ Ǽ ǬȈȔȈȕșȒȖȑ Ȋ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ

ȗȖȓȕȖȑ șȦȐȚȣ ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȈȞȐȑ Ȇ ǴȈȠȐȕșȒȖȋȖ ǶȘȜȖȋȘȈȜȐȧ Ȑ ȗțȕȒȚțȈȞȐȧ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȍ-
ȕȣ Ȓ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȖȘȔȈȔ ǰșȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȣ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ țșȚȈȘȍȊȠȐȍ ȖȉȖȘȖȚȣ.
ǵȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ țȗȖȔȧȕțȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȍ Ǩ Ǽ ǬȈȔȈȕșȒȖȑ ȉȣȓ Ȗȗțȡȍȕ ©Post-scrip-
tumª ș ȘȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȍȔ ȟțȌȍșȕȖȋȖ țȔȍȕȤȠȍȕȐȧ ȋȍȘȖȍȊ ǷȘȐȊȖȌȐȔ ȥȚȖȚ ȜȘȈȋ-
ȔȍȕȚ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȍ Ǩ DzțȘșȐȕșȒȖȋȖ
©Ǭȓȧ ȧșȕȖșȚȐ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȊ
ǷȖȔȕȐȠȤ ȓȐ Țȣ ȒȈȒ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ ȕȈȗȈȌȈȓ Țȣ ȕȈ ȥȕȚȖȔȖȓȖȋȐȦ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȈ-
ȒȐȍ ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ȕȈșȍȒȖȔȣȝ ȕȍ Ȋ șȐȓȈȝ țȊȓȍȟȤ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ" ȇ
ȗȖȉȐȓșȧ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ Ȗȉ ȏȈȒȓȈȌ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȖȠȐȉȈȍȠȤșȧ ǰ ȊȖȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȧ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȕȍ ȉȍȏ
ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȈ ȗȘȖȟȍȓ ȔȖȦ ȗȖȊȍșȚȤ ȧ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȟȐȚȈȦ ȕțȎȕȣȔ șȖȏȕȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌȠțȚȐȓ
ȕȈȌ ȚȖȉȖȦ
ǺȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ șȖȘȐȕȒȈ ȊȕțȠȐȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȔȣșȓȤ ȗȖȌȚȘțȕȐȚȤ ȕȈȌ ȔȖȐȔ ȉțȌțȡȐȔ ȔȐȕȐ-
șȚȘȖȔ Ȑ ȧ ȖȉșȚȈȊȐȊ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ șȊȖȑ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȑ ȓȍȚȕȐȑ ȊȣȍȏȌ Ȋ ǯȈȒȖȗȈȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȥȚț ȗȖȊȍșȚȤ Ȋ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȍ ȖȚ ȥȒșȒțȘșȐȐ ȔȐȕțȚȣ Ǫșȍ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ
ȖȚ șȓȖȊȈ ȌȖ șȓȖȊȈ ȏȈ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍȔ ǷțȒȒȐȕșȈ ȌȈ ǵțȘȍȌȌȐȕȖȊȈ ȥȓȐȒșȐȘȈ ǮȐȏȕȤ ȕȈșȍȒȖ-
Ȕȣȝ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓ ȧ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖȗȐșȈȓ ȍȍ ș ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖȦ ȚȖȟȕȖșȚȤȦ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ
ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȑ ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȧ ȐȏȉȘȈȓ ȌȘțȋțȦ ȉȖȓȍȍ țȌȖȉȕțȦ Ȍȓȧ ȖȞȍȕȒȐ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ
ȥȚȐȝ ȔȍȓȒȐȝ ȒȘȣȓȈȚȣȝ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȑ ǷȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȔȕȖȦ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌȐȓȖ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȚȤ Țȍȉȍ
șȒțȟȕȣȔ ǬțȔȈȦ Țȣ ȐȏȊȐȕȐȠȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ ȔȐșȚȐȜȐȒȈȞȐȦ Ȑ țȌȖșȚȖȐȠȤ ȖȚȊȍȚȖȔ țȊȍȕȟȈ-
ȠȈȓȖșȤ ȓȐ ȔȖȍ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȍ ȝȖȚȤ ȖȚȟȈșȚȐ țșȗȍȝȖȔ ǭșȓȐ ȌȈ — ȚȘțȌ ȔȖȑ țȎȍ ȊȖȏȕȈȋȘȈȎ-
Ȍȍȕ ș ȐȏȉȣȚȒȖȔ
Ǫ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȍ șȒȖȘȖ țȊȐȌȍȚȤșȧ ș ȚȖȉȖȦ ȎȔț ȖȚ ȌțȠȐ ȚȊȖȦ ȘțȒț
ǰȊȈȕ ǴțȝȖȓȈȗșȒȐȑ».