dzǭǪ
ǵǰDzǻdzǰǵ
ǺǨDZǵǨ
ǹǭDZǼǨ
ǷǸǶǬǨǪǾȃ
ǺǨDZǵ
ǸȖȔȈȕ
ǹȖȊȍȚșȒȈȧ ȈȊȈȕȚȦȘȕȖ-
ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȗȘȖȏȈ
1920-ȝ ȋȋ
ǺȖȔ XIV
Salamandra P.V.V.

ǵȐȒțȓȐȕ dz. Ǫ.
ǺȈȑȕȈ șȍȑȜȈ ǷȘȖȌȈȊȞȣ ȚȈȑȕ
 ǸȖȔȈȕ ǷȖȌȋ ȚȍȒșȚȈ Ǩ ȀȍȘ-
ȔȈȕȈ – ǹȖȊȍȚșȒȈȧ ȈȊȈȕȚȦȘȕȖ-ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȗȘȖȏȈ -ȝ
ȋȋ Ǻ XIV). – ǩ. Ȕ: Salamandra P.V.V., 2017. – 180 c.
– (Po-
laris ǷțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȈ Ǫȣȗ CXCVIII).
Ǫ ȕȖȊȖȔ ȊȣȗțșȒȍ șȍȘȐȐ ©Polaris» – ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȐȏȌȈȊȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ș -ȝ
ȋȋ ȘȖȔȈȕ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ șȖȊȍȚșȒȖȋȖ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ dz ǵȐȒțȓȐȕȈ -1967)
©ǺȈȑȕȈ șȍȑȜȈª ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȒȈȒ ©ǷȘȖȌȈȊȞȣ ȚȈȑȕª Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȜȈȕ-
ȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖ-ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȟȍșȒȖȔ ȘȖȔȈȕȍ-ȔȐșȚȐȜȐȒȈȞȐȐ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ ȔȍȎ-
ȌțȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȈȊȈȕȚȦȘȐșȚȈ Ȑ ȠȗȐȖȕȈ șȓțȋȐ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȋȖșȗȖȌ șȗȓȍ--
ȚȈȍȚșȧ ș ȋȖȓȖȊȖȒȘțȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȐșȒȈȔȐ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȠȍȑ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȍȋȐ-
ȗȍȚșȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȕȞȍșșȣ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȗȈȔȜȓȍȚ – ș șȈȚȐȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȐȏȖ-
ȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȘȈȊȖȊ ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȖȑ ȉȖȋȍȔȣ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ ǵȅǷȈ ȊȒȓȦȟȈȧ ȒȈ-
Ȝȍ ȐȔȈȎȐȕȐșȚȖȊ ©ǹȚȖȑȓȖ ǷȍȋȈșȈª Ȑ ȔȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȒȘțȎȒȐ
© Author, estate, 2017
© Salamandra P.V.V., ȗȖȌȋ. ȚȍȒșȚȈ, ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȍ, 2017

ǺǨDZǵǨ
CǭDZǼǨ

ȅȎȟȠȪ ȝȓȞȐȎȭ
ǮǺǶǻȀǮǷǼǿ

7
ǿdzǷȂ -
Ǩ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ Ȏȍ ȗȘȐ ȊșȍȔ ȚȖȔ ȝȖȚȧ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ
ȔȖȎȕȖ ȌȖȗțșȚȐȚȤ Ȑ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȖȍ Ȑ ȚȘȍȚȤȍ
ȔȖȎȍȚ ȌȈȎȍ ǵț ȌȈ Ȑ ȋȌȍ Ȏ ȕȍ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ
ȕȍșȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȖșȚȍȑ"
ǵ Ǫ ǫȖȋȖȓȤ
ǭșȓȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȐ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȏȈȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȘțȋ ȋȖȘȐ-
ȏȖȕȚȈ ȓȐȕȐȦ ȎȍȓȚȣȝ ȗȍșȒȖȊ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȤȕȣȍ ȚȍȕȐ ȗȐȘȈȔȐȌ
ȕȈ ȗȍșȒȍ ȗțșȚȣȕȐ ȚȖ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȌȊȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȥȚȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ
ȗȘȐȊȣȒȈȦȚ Ȓ ȊȣȟȍȘȟȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȖ ȓȐȕȍȑȒȍ țȓȐȞȈȔ Ȓ ȌȖȔȈȔ
ȖȉȓȍȗȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȣȊȍșȒȈȔȐ ȒȖȕȚȖȘ Ȑ ȉȈȕȒȖȊ, Ȓ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖ
ȕȈȏȖȑȓȐȊȣȔ ȊȐȚȘȐȕȈȔ ȔȖȌ
ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ, ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȐȌȊțȝȓȍȚȕȐȑ ȍȋȐȗȚȖȓȖȋ ȈȊȚȖȘ ȚȘț-
ȌȈ «ǩȈȘȍȓȤȍȜȣ ș ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȉȖȋȐȕȐ ǺȈțȥȘȚ» Ȑ «ǹȊȍȘȝȢȍș-
ȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȔȍȚȖȌȣ Ȋ ȍȋȐȗȚȖȓȖȋȐȐ» țșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋ-
ȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȍȘȚȧȡȈȧșȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ DzȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șȍȊȍȘȖȥȒșȗȖȘȚ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȉȈȕȒȈ ȊȣȚȖȓȒȕțȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȓ ȏȍȊț ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȓȐȜȚȈ ǵȖ ȌȈ-
Ȏȍ Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍ ȓȐȜȚȈ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȊȈȓ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȎȐȔȈȚȤ Ȓ ȋȘțȌȐ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ șȈȜȤȧȕȖȊȣȑ ȗȖȘȚȜȍȓȤ ȝȖȚȧ ȒȘȖ-
Ȕȍ ȌȈȔȣ Ȋ ȚȘȈțȘȍ, ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ Ȍȓȧ șȈ-
ȜȤȧȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȚȜȍȓȧ ǷȘȐȡțȘȐȊ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȚȖȘȖȕȧșȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍ-
ȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȚȖȒȈ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ ȗȖ ȋȈȓȍȘȍȍ Ȑ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȚȐȝțȦ ȗȘȐ-
șȚȈȕȤ șȊȍȘȕțȓ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȕȈȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȋ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȍ șȚȍȕȣ ȋȕȍȏ-
ȌȐȓȐșȤ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȉțȒȊȣ
ǫȓțȝȈȧ șȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȏȈ ȕȍȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȍȔȣȔȐ
ȗȍȘȍȉȖȘȒȈȔȐ ȉȘȖȕȍȕȖșȞȈ ǴȈȚȖȊȣȍ ȒȘțȋȓȣȍ ȠȈȘȣ Ȑ ȘȧȌȖȔ
ǶȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ șȍȑȜȖȊ

8
ȋȈȏȖȊȣȍ ȋȖȘȍȓȒȐ ȕȈ șȓțȟȈȑ ȍșȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȘȍȎțȚ ȗȘȖȊȖȌ
 ǯȍȓȍ-
ȕȖȊȈȚȖ-ȎȍȓȚȣȑ șȔȍȠȈȕȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ ȕȈȌ ȉȦȘȖ Ȑ ȎȍȓȚȖȑ ȓȣșȐ-
ȕȖȑ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ Ȋ șȒȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȕȖ ȊȕțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȍ ǷȖȌ ȒȖȊ-
ȘȖȔ ȕȖȋȐ ȖȡțȡȈȓȐ șȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȓȐȚȒȐ ȗȖȓȈ ǫȓȈȏȈ țȗȐȘȈ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȘȖȊȕȣȍ șȍȘȣȍ ȗȖȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ șȚȍȕȣ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȗȖȏȈȌȐ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ș ȓȣșȐȕȖȑ șȍȘȈȧ ȖȚȗȖȓȐȘȖȊȈȕ-
ȕȈȧ șȚȍȕȈ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȊȈȓȈ ȟțȚȤ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȋȖȊȈȚȣȑ ȗȘȧ-
ȔȖțȋȖȓȤȕȐȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȌȊȍȘȤȦ ǷȖ Ȗȉȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȌȊȍ-
ȘȐ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȒȐȝ ȚȈȉțȘȍȚȈȝ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȌȊȖȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ șȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȝ
ȗȖȎȐȓȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȋ ȗȖȏȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȊȈȦȡȍȑ ȗȘȐȏ-
ȕȈȒȖȊ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǮȍȓȚȈȧ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȦȡȈȧ ȋȈȏȖȊȣȑ ȘȖȎȖȒ ȓȣșȐȕȈ
ȖȚȒȐȕțȓȈșȤ ȒȊȍȘȝț Ȑ ȗȖȌ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȔȖȘȡȐȕ ȓȉȈ
Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț DzȖȘȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ ȚțșȒȓȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȒȐ
— ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ
— ǯȕȈȦ ǵȖȔȍȘ - ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȓșȧ ǸȈȏ-
ȔȍȘ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȚ ǷȘȍȌțȗȘȍȎȌȈȦ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȝȘȈȕȍȕȐȧ ȊȏȘȣȊ-
ȟȈȚȣȝ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊ ǩȍȏțșȓȖȊȕȖ ȊȖșȗȘȍȡȍȕȖ
ǯȈȚȍȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȏȈ ȉȦȘȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȖșȐ ȕȈ ȒȘț-
ȋȓȖȔ ȚȈȉțȘȍȚȍ șȗȘȣȋȕțȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ Ȑ ȏȊȍȕȧ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȔȐ ȒȓȦ-
ȟȈȔȐ ȗȘȐșȖșȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ ǬȊȍȘȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ș ȔȍȓȈȕȝȖ-
ȓȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȏȊȖȕȖȔ ȈȊȚȖȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȖȚșȒȖȟȐȊ Ȓ șȚȍȕȍ ǯȈ ȕȍȑ
ȘȍȠȍȚȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȖȚȖȌȊȐȕțȓȐ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌ ǫțșȚȈȊȖȔ
DzȖȘȕȖȔ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȐșȤ șȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȒȈȚȈȒȖȔȉȣ ǺȖ ȟȚȖ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȗȖ-
ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȖȌȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȔ șȚȍȕȕȣȔ țȏȖȘȖȔ Ȑȏ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝțȋȖȓȤ-
ȕȐȒȖȊ ȖȚ ȗȖȓȈ ȌȖ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȈ ȉȣȓȖ șȚȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȧȡȐȒȈȔȐ ș
ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȔ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍȔ ȏȈȔȒȈ Ȑ ȞȐȜȘȖȑ dzȦȌȐ ȗȘȖ-
ȝȖȌȐȓȐ țȏȒȐȔ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȖȔ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȖȚ țȓȐȞȣ șȚȈȓȤȕȣ-
ȔȐ, ȏȈȓȍȋȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȗȓȐȚȈȔȐ șȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ șȗȧȡȐ-
ȔȐ Ȋ șȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ șȖȚȈȝ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȈȔȐ ǹȚȈȘȐȒ Ȑ șȚȖȘȖȎ ȌȊȐȋȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȕȍșȓȣȠȕȖ Ȋ ȗȓȖșȒȐȝ ȘȍȏȐȕȖȊȣȝ ȚțȜȓȧȝ — șȚȖȘȖȎ Ȋȗȍ-
ȘȍȌȐ Ȉ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȗȖȏȈȌȐ DzȖȘȕȈ Ƕȕ ȔȍȌȓȐȓ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȧ ȒȓȦ-
ȟȐ Ȑ ȊȣȉȘȈȊ ȖȌȐȕ ș ȏȈȚȍȑȓȐȊȖȑ ȉȖȘȖȌȒȖȑ ȗȖșȚțȟȈȓ ȗȖ ȧȡȐ-
Ȓț
— ǯȌȍșȤ ȊȈȔ ȉțȌȍȚ țȌȖȉȕȖ ǫȈȏȖȊȣȑ ȘȖȎȖȒ Ȑ ȓȈȔȗȈ ȗȘȧ-
ȔȖ ȕȈȌ ȧȡȐȒȖȔ Ǭȓȧ ȕȍȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȑ ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ
ȖșȖȉȖȍ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ
— ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ ȊȈș ȇ ȉȣ ȕȍ șȚȈȓ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤ ȕȖ ȕȍȖȉȝȖ-
ȌȐȔȖșȚȤ. ǿȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȘȍȌȒȐȍ ȥȒȏȍȔȗȓȧȘȣ ǻȕȐȒțȔȣ

9
ǯȈȔȖȒ ȡȍȓȒȕțȓ Ȑ ȌȊȍȘȞȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȊ ȊȕțȚȘȐ
ȧȟȍȑȒȐ șȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȧȡȐȒ ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȖȚȖȠȍȓ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ǫțșȚȈȊ
DzȖȘȕ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ șȈȜȤȧȕȖȊȣȑ ȗȖȘȚȜȍȓȤ
ǪȖȒȘțȋ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȈȧ ȋȓțȝȈȧ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ ǶȚ șȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ șȚȍȕ
ȗȖȓȈ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȈ Ƞȍȓ ȝȖȓȖȌ
ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ DzȖȘȕ Ȋȣȕțȓ ȖȌȐȕȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȝ șȊȍȘȚ-
ȒȖȊ Ȋ ȚȖȕȒȖȑ ȉțȔȈȋȍ ǶȕȐ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ Ȋ șȚȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ ȧȡȐȒ ș ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȏȊȖȕȖȔ.
Ƕȕ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ șȗȐșȖȒ ǶȌȐȕȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȈȔțȓȍȚȖȊ Ȑ ȉțșȐȕ
ǯȈȚȍȔ ȠȍșȚȤȌȍșȧȚ ȌȊȈ ȟȍȘȍȗȒȈ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ǨȉȐȌȖșȍ
ǯȈȚȍȔ ȊȖșȍȔȤ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȗȖ ȜȖȘȔȈȚț ȘțȒȖȗȐșȍȑ Ȑ
ȗȈȟȒȈ ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȑ
Ǫșȍ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȖȔ Ȓ ȕȖȊȖȔț ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖȔț ȚȘț-
Ȍț ǫțșȚȈȊȈ DzȖȘȕȈ «ǷȘȍȌȔȍȚȣ ȏȈțȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȋȖ ȒțȓȤȚȈ ȈȘȝȈȐ-
ȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ǭȋȐȗȚȈ».
Ǭȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȗȘȖȉȣȓ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ Ȑ ȠȍșȚȤ ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ
Ȋ ǭȋȐȗȚȍ Ȑ ȊȣȊȍȏ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȗȍȘȍȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ țȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȍȘȍȔȍ-
ȎȈȦȡțȦșȧ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȒț Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȌȈȦȡțȦșȧ ȓȍȟȍȕȐȦ ȚȘȖȗȐ-
ȟȍșȒțȦ ȧȏȊț ȕȈ ȓȍȊȖȔ ȓȖȒȚȍ
Ƕȕ ȏȈȒȘȣȓ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȑ ȧȡȐȒ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓ ȊȕȍȠ-
ȕȦȦ ȌȊȍȘȞț Ȑ, țȝȖȌȧ ș țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȊȕțȠȈȦ-
ȡțȦ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȍ ȋȓȈȌȒțȦ șȚȈȓȤȕțȦ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȊȣȋȘȈȊȐȘȖ-
ȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȕȈ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȍ ȕȖȔȍȘ «24-14» ǹȚȈȘȐȒ țȊȐȌȍȊ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ-
ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȉȦȘȖ Ǫ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȔ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝțȋȖȓȤȕȖȔ ȒȖȎȈȕȖȔ
ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚȍ Ȗȕ ȌȈȓ DzȖȘȕț ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȖȚȕȖșȧȡȐȍșȧ Ȓ ȕȖȔȍȘț -
 Ȑ ȒȓȦȟ
— ȇ ȗȘȐȌț ȏȈȊȚȘȈ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ȠțȔȕȖ ȏȈȝȓȖȗȕțȓ ȒȘȣȠȒț ȉȦȘȖ
— ǯȈȊȚȘȈ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍȏȈȊȚȘȈ — ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ ǸȖȎȌȍșȚȊȖ
— ǺȖȋȌȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȚȍȘȧȚȤ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȧ ȊȖȏȤȔț șȖȉȖȑ ȉț-
ȔȈȋȐ
— ǭșȓȐ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘț țȋȖȌȕȖ
DzȖȘȕ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȘȖȗȧșȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȧȡȐȒ
ǸțȒȖȗȐșȐ Ȑȏ șȚȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȧȡȐȒȈ ȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ șȈ-
ȜȤȧȕȖȊȣȑ ȗȖȘȚȜȍȓȤ
ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȘȖȔȈȕȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȕȈȚțȘȈ ȕȈȝȖ-
ȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȧȔȖȔ ȕȍșȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȐȐ ș ȒȈȘȤȍȘȖȑ ȈȘȝȍȖȓȖȋȈ Ȑ șȖ-
ȐșȒȈȚȍȓȧ țȟȍȕȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ǪȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȥȚȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ ȉȖȓȤ-

10
ȠȐȕșȚȊȈ Ȉ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗȍ ȗȘȐȖȘȐȚȍȚȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȈ
ȗȖșȚȘȖȍȕ ȘȧȌ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȑ Ȕȣ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȍȔ ȔȍȌ-
ȓȍȐȕȖȍ ȗȘȖȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ǫțșȚȈȊȈ DzȖȘȕȈ ȗȖ ȗțȚȐ Ȓ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȐȦ
Ȑ șȓȈȊȍ ǭȔț ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ Ƕȕ șȣȕ ȘȐȎșȒȖȋȖ ȓȍșȖȗȘȖ-
ȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȐȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȏȈȚȍȧȓ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȒȘțȗȕțȦ ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍ-
șȒțȦ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȦ Ȋ ȐȦȓȍ  ȋȖȌȈ DzȈȒ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ  ȐȦȓȧ
 ȋȖȌȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ șȖȉȣȚȐȍ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȊ-
Ƞȍȍ ȊȣȊȖȏț ȓȍșȈ Ȑȏ ǸȖșșȐȐ Ȋ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȦ Ȑ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȊȠȍȍ
ȘȐȎșȒȖȋȖ ȓȍșȖȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȐȒȈ DzȈȘȓȈ DzȖȘȕȈ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ Ȋ ȉȈȕ-
ȒȘȖȚȈ Ȉ șȗțșȚȧ ȔȍșȧȞ Ȋ șșȣȓȤȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ǺȈȠȒȍȕȚȍ ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ
ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȖ Ȋ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȝ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȝ șȍȔȤȧȝ ȗȖȓțȟȈȓ ȖȉȘȈȏȖ-
ȊȈȕȐȍ Ȋ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȖȉȣȟȈȧ ȕȍ Ȋ ȈȒȈȌȍȔȐȐ ȒȖȔ-
ȔȍȘȟȍșȒȐȝ ȕȈțȒ ǨȘȝȍȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȐȧ ǫțșȚȈȊȈ DzȖȘ-
ȕȈ ȉȣȓȐ șȈȔȣȔ țȧȏȊȐȔȣȔ ȔȍșȚȖȔ ȍȋȖ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȗȈȗȈȠȐ ȕȖ ȕȈȌȖ Ȏȍ ȒȖȔț-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ ȈȘȝȍȖ-
ȓȖȋȐȍȑ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ Ȋ ȉțȌțȡȍȔ ȒȈȘȤȍȘȈ țȟȍȕȖȋȖ ȈȒȈ-
ȌȍȔȐȒȈ Ȑ ȚȈȑȕȖȋȖ șȖȊȍȚȕȐȒȈ ȕȐȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȝțȎȍ ȒȈȘȤȍȘȣ ȒȖȔ-
ȔȍȘȞȐȐ șȖȊȍȚȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȓȍșȖȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȐȒȈ Dz ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȔț
ȋȖȘȦ DzȈȘȓȈ DzȖȘȕȈ șȣȕ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȍșȓȐ Ȑ ȚȧȋȖȚȍȓ Ȓ
ȗȖȌȏȍȔȍȓȤȧȔ ȚȖ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ Ȓ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȍ-
ȊȘȈȡȈȌȐșȤ țșȐȓȐȧȔȐ șȗȖșȖȉȕȣȝ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȍȑ Ȋ șțȝȐȍ
Ȑ țȦȚȕȣȍ ȊȐȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȈ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șțȝȖȊȈȚȣȔ ȔțȔȐȧȔ
Ȗȕ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȐȚȈȓ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȖȒȘțȋȓȣȍ ȜȖȘȔȣ ȌȍȊȐȞ ȉȍȏ Ȗȗ-
ȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȑ Ȑ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȒȓȐȕȖȗȐșȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ
Ȗȕ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȌȗȐșȐ ȊȣșȍȒȈȍȔȣȍ ȐȔ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ
ȘȈȗȐȘȣ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȈȝ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȓȓȍȋ-ȒȖȘȗȖȘȈȕȚȖȊ ǴȖȎȕȖ ȓȐ țȗ-
ȘȍȒȕțȚȤ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐȓȍȚȕȍȋȖ ȒȘȍȗȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȍșȓȐ
Ȗȕ ȗȈȗȐȘțșȈȔ Ȑ ȔȈȕțșȒȘȐȗȚȈȔ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȐȚȈȓ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȍ ȚȍȒșȚȣ ǫȖȜȔȈȕȈ Ȉ ȚȘțȌȈȔ ǪșȍȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ șȢȍȏȌȈ ȍȋȐȗ-
ȚȖȓȖȋȖȊ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȐȚȈȓ «ǸȖȔȈȕ ȔțȔȐȐª ǺȍȖȜȐȓȧ ǫȖȚȤȍ?
 ȋȖȌ ȗȘȐȕȍșȠȐȑ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖșȚȍȑ Ȉ ȊȗȖșȓȍȌ-
șȚȊȕȐ ȉȣȊȠȐȑ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȖȑ ȗȘȍȎȌȍȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȖȕȟȐȕȣ DzȈȘ-
ȓȈ DzȖȘȕȈ ȖșȓȖȎȕȐȓ ȌȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȖșȚȐ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȍȋȖ șȣȕȈ Ǫșȍ ȗȖ-
șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȊȗȓȖȚȤ ȌȖ ȗȍȘȍȔȐȘȐȧ 19 ȋȖȌȈ Ȗȕ țȗȖ-
ȚȘȍȉȐȓ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȍ șȗȖșȖȉȣ țȒȓȖȕȍȕȐȧ ȖȚ ȜȘȖȕȚȈ Ȑ ȥȚȖ
ȖȚȕȐȔȈȓȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ǫțș-
ȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȌȍȕ ȕȈ ȔȐȘȕȖȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȗȕ ș ȚȖȟ-
ȕȖșȚȤȦ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȈȒȒȘȍȌȐȚȐȊȖȊ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȐȔȧ Ȋ

ǹȍȊȍȘȖ-ȥȒșȗȖȘȚȕȖȔ ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȖȔ ȉȈȕȒȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȍ Ȋȍ-
șȤȔȈ ȕȍȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȒȘȍȌȐȚȖȊ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ǰȔȍȧ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȍȋȐȗȚȖȓȖȋȐȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȧ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȜȍșșȐȐ Ȗȕ ș țȕȈșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȖȚ ȖȚȞȈ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȍȑ ȘȈșȗȖȓȈȋȈȧ
șȈȔȣȔȐ șȒȘȖȔȕȣȔȐ șțȔȔȈȔȐ ȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȍȔț ȘȖȌȐȚȍ-
ȓȧȔȐ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȍȋȐȗȚȖȓȖȋȐȐ ǰȏȊȍșȚȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȊȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȐ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ǭȋȐȗȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȓȖ ȍȔț ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ Ȗȗțȉ-
ȓȐȒȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȚȘțȌ «ǩȈȘȍȓȤȍȜȣ ș ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȉȖȋȐȕȐ
ǺȈȥȘȚ» ȕȍ ȖȚȔȍȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȓȓȍȋȈȔȐ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȍȋȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ
ȚȘțȌ ©ǹȊȍȘȝȢȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȔȍȚȖȌȣ Ȋ ȍȋȐȗȚȖȓȖȋȐȐ» ȊȣȏȊȈȓ
ȝȖȚȧ ȒȘȈȚȒȐȑ ȕȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȖȚȏȣȊ ȈȒȈȌȍ-
ȔȐȒȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖȋȖ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȐȒȈ ǫȍȕȘȐȝȈ ǸȍȕȍȘȈ:
«ǯȈ șȖȘȖȒ ȗȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȔȖȍȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȧ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȊȍȚȘȍ-
ȟȈȦ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȍ ȕȍȊȍȎȍșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȕȍȓȍȗȖȍ ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȍȘșȚȊȖ ț ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒȈ ȗȖșȊȧȚȐȊȠȍȋȖ șȍȉȧ ȟȐșȚȖȑ ȕȈțȒȍ».

12
ǻdz ǰǼǿdzǺȊ Ǯ DzdzǰȍȀȊ
ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȎȐȓ Ȋ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȍ Ȑ ȎȐȓ ȗȓȖȝȖ. ȀȊȍȌșȒȐȍ
ȒȖȓȓȍȋȐ ȗȘȐșȣȓȈȓȐ ȍȔț ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘțȦ șțȔȔț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȌȈȊȈȓȈ
ȍȔț ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȍșȚȤ ȔȧșȖ ȗȖ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȍȕȤȧȔ Ȉ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ
ȌȕȐ — ȖȊșȧȕȣȑ ȒȐșȍȓȤ ȔȈȘȋȈȘȐȕ ȝȓȍȉ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ț ǫțșȚȈȊȈ
DzȖȘȕȈ ȉȣȓ ȚȍȒțȡȐȑ șȟȍȚ Ȋ DzȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȖȔ șȍȊȍȘȖȥȒșȗȖȘȚ-
ȕȖȔ ȉȈȕȒȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȚȘȐ ȋȖȌȈ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȗȧȚȤ Țȣșȧȟ
ȌȖȓȓȈȘȖȊ Ǫ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȗȕ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ șȚȖ șȍȔȤȌȍșȧȚ
ȖȌȐȕ ȌȖȓȓȈȘ ȕȖ ȏȈȚȖ ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȍȚ țȕȐȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȖ-
șȍȔȤȦ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȧȔȐ ȊșȍȋȖ ȚȣșȧȟȈ șȚȖ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ șȚȘȈȕȐȞ ȒȈ-
șȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȏȈțȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȋȖ ȒțȓȤȚȈ ȍȋȐȗȚȧȕ ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȍșȚ
ȌȊȈ ȘȈȏȈ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ — Ȋ ȌȍȊȧȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ țȚȘȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȌȍȊȧȚȤ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ
ǹȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȓȐȕȕȈȧ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȈ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȊȖȏȉțȌȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȉȗ-
ȗȍȚȐȚ ȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȧȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ ȚȖ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȔȖ-
ȓȖȌȖȑ țȟȍȕȣȑ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȖȚȊȓȍȟȤ șȊȖȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȖȚ ȎȍȓțȌȒȈ
ȐȓȐ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ ȖȚȊȓȍȟȤ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȎȍȓțȌȒȈ ȖȚ ȖȊșȧȕȒȐ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȈȧ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȚȤ șȢȍȌȍȕȈ Ȋ ȌȍȊȧȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ Ȑ ȕȍ ȘȈȕȍȍ ǭȋȐȗ-
ȚȖȓȖȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ șȈȜȤȧȕȖȊȣȑ ȗȖȘȚȜȍȓȤ ȊȣȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȗȈȟȒț Șț-
ȒȖȗȐșȍȑ Ȑ ȗȘȐțȟȍȕȕȣȑ Ȓ ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȖșȚȐ ȗȍȘȍșȟȐȚȣȊȈȍȚ Ȑȝ
ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȋȖȓȖȌ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȍȚ ȕȈ ȚȘțȌȖșȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ ȍȋȐȗȚȖȓȖ-
ȋȈ ǸțȒȖȗȐșȍȑ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍ ȊȖșȍȔȤ Ȉ ȌȍȊȧȚȤ Ƕȕ ȗȍȘȍșȟȐ-
ȚȣȊȈȍȚ Ȑȝ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ ȏȈȎȐȋȈȍȚ șȊȍȚ Ȑ șȚȈȘȈȍȚșȧ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖ-
ȟȐȚȤșȧ ǯȈȚȍȔ șȕȖȊȈ șȟȐȚȈȍȚ ǰȝ ȌȍȊȧȚȤ. ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȍȔț
șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȈȧ ȚȍȚȘȈȌȤ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȈȧ Ȑȏ Țȣ-
șȧȟȐ șȚȈ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȐ șȚȘȈȕȐȞ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȣȝ ȍȋȖ ȟȍȚȒȐȔ Ȑ ȖșȚ-
ȘȣȔ ȗȖȟȍȘȒȖȔ Ƕȕ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȍȚ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȤ ȏȈ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȤȦ Ȑ Ȗȉ-
ȕȈȘțȎȐȊȈȍȚ ȓȐșȚȣ șȐȕȍȊȈȚȖȑ ȚȖȕȒȖȑ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȐșȗȐșȈȕȕȖȑ
ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔ ȗȖȟȍȘȒȖȔ Ȑ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔȐ ȟȍȘȕȐȓȈȔȐ ȒȈȒȐ-
ȔȐ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȐșȈȓ ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȅȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ȏȈșȚȈȊ-
ȓȧȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȣȑ șȚȖȓ Ȑ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ ȊșȗȖ-
ȔȐȕȈȚȤ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȍȋȖ ȕȈțȟȐȓȐ
Ȋ ȌȍȚșȚȊȍ DzȖȋȌȈ ȔȣșȓȤ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȖȚȊȓȍȟȍȕȈ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ Ȗȉ-
șȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȌȍȊȧȚȖȑ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȑ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȐ Ȗȕ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȉȐȘȈȍȚ șȊȖȐ ȉțȔȈȋȐ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȊȐȌȐȚ Țȍ Ȏȍ ȓȐșȚȣ ȗȘȖșȊȍ-
ȟȐȊȈȦȡȍȑ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȐșȗȐșȈȕȕȖȑ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔ ȗȖȟȍȘȒȖȔ

13
ȅȚȖ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȤ ȕȈ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ DzȈȒ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȗȈȓȈ Ȋ
ȗȖȘȚȜȍȓȤ ȍȋȐȗȚȖȓȖȋȈ" DzȈȒ ȟȈșȖȊȈȧ șȚȘȍȓȒȈ ȔȣșȓȤ ȗȍȘȍȊȖ-
ȌȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȟȈș ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȑ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȚ Ȋșȍ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ Ȑ
șȖȉȣȚȐȧ șȓțȟȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȐ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ
ȘțȒȖȗȐșȤ ȏȈȉȣȚȈ Ȋ șȍȑȜȍ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȔ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȤȞȍȔ Ȑ șȓț-
ȟȈȑȕȖ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȔȍȎȌț ȊȖșȍȔȤȦ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȧȔȐ țȟȍȕȖȋȖ ȚȘț-
ȌȈ Ȗȉ ǭȋȐȗȚȍ
ǬȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȍȍ Ȋ ȉȈȕȒ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ — ȗȧȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ȘȖȎ-
ȌȍșȚȊȈ ȖȕȈ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ ț ǫțșȚȈȊȈ DzȖȘȕȈ Ƕȕ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȊȈȍȚ ȕȍ-
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖȉȍȋȈȍȚ ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȣȍ șȚȘȖȒȐ ǷȍȘ-
ȊȖȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ — ȗȖȊȍșȚȤ ȐȓȐ ȘȖȔȈȕ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȋ ȚȍȒșȚȍ Ȗȕ
ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔț Ȑ ȋȈȏȍȚȕțȦ ȊȣȘȍȏȒț ǰ Ȋșȍ-
ȚȈȒȐ Ȗȕ ȌțȔȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȘȖȔȈȕ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȑ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ șȍȑ-
ȜȈ — ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ǺȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ șȟȐ-
ȚȈȍȚșȧ ȌȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍȔ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȧ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ DzȖȘȕ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȊȏȊȖȓ-
ȕȖȊȈȕ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ ȏȈțȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȔ ȒțȓȤȚȖȔ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȌ-
ȊȐȋȈȍȚ ȒȘȍșȓȖ Ȓ șȚȖȓț Ȑ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȍȚ ȕȈȉȘȍȎ-
ȕȣȑ ȗȖȟȍȘȒ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȐ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȌȍȊȧȚȤȦ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȧȔȐ
1. . . . . . . . ȇ Ȋ ǪȈȘȠȈȊȍ ǶȚȍȓȤ «ǩȘȐșȚȖȓȤ», ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȕȣȑ
ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȈȔȐ ǬȦȎȐȕȈ ȒȖȕȚȘȘȈȏȊȍȌȖȒ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊ,
ȕȍ șȟȐȚȈȧ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ǵȐȏȒȈȧ ȊȈȓȦȚȈ ȕȖ ȕȈȌȍȎȕȈȧ
ȗȖȓȐȞȐȧ Ȑ ȚȦȘȍȔȕȈȧ șȚȘȈȎȈ ǭȊȘȖȗȈ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȋȖ șȖȘȚȈ ȇ —
ȠȊȍȌ ǶȓȈȜ ǫȈȕȏȍȕ — ȜȐȕȈȕșȖȊȣȑ ȐȕșȗȍȒȚȖȘ șțȓȚȈȕȈȚȈ
ǹȍȏȈȔ ǶȌȐȕ țȓȐȟȕȣȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȗȖȔȍșȚȐȓ ȔȖȑ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȑ șȓȍȌȧȚ
2. . . . . . . . ǫȘțȉȈȧ șȓȍȎȒȈ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȍ șȖȊȓȈȌȈȍȠȤ
ǵȈȍȔȕȣȑ ȒȘȍȚȐȕ ȠȈȋ Ȋ ȠȈȋ ȗȖ șȓȍȌȈȔ ǺȐȝȐȔȐ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȔȐ
șȊȐșȚȒȈȔȐ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȦȚ ș ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓ ǰ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȧ ȕȍ
țȍȌț ǬȍȓȖ Ȋ ȗȧȚȐȌȍșȧȚȐ ȚȣșȧȟȈȝ ȌȖȓȓȈȘȖȊ
3. . . . . . . . ǸȈȏȌȘȈȎȈȦȡȈȧ ȚȖȓȗȈ ǶȜȐȞȍȘȣ ȖȚȌȈȦȚ ȟȍșȚȤ,
ȒȈȒ ȔȈȕȍȒȍȕȣ Ȑ ȗȖȌȘȈȎȈȦȚ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏȈȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȍȘȎȈȚ

14
șȍȉȧ ȗȓȈȕȚȈȚȖȘȈȔȐ Ȋ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȐ ǪțȓȤȋȈȘȕȣȑ șȕȖȉȐȏȔ ǻșȣ
ȔȈȘȠȈȓȈ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȣ ȗȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚȈ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ȔȖȧ ȐȋȘȈ.
ǷȐșȤȔȖ ȗȘȐȒȖȓȖȚȖȍ ȉțȓȈȊȒȖȑ
ʝˎ˃˗˖ ʒ˃ːˊˈː˖Ǥ ʝ˕ˈˎ˟ «ʐ˓ˋ˔˕ˑˎ˟»Ǥ
ʙ˓˃ˍˑ˅˔ˍˑˈ ˒˓ˈˇˏˈ˔˕˟ˈǤ
ʮ ːˈ ˘ˑ˚˖ ː˃ˊ˞˅˃˕˟ ʑ˃˔ ˕˃ˍǡ ˍ˃ˍ ː˃˒ˋ˔˃ːˑ ː˃ ˍˑː˅ˈ˓-
˕ˈǤ ʓ˅˃ˇ˙˃˕˟ ˚ˈ˕˞˓ˈ ˆˑˇ˃ ː˃ˊ˃ˇ ˢ ː˃ˊ˞˅˃ˎ˃ ˅˃˔ ʒˈː˓ˋ˘Ǥ
ʦ˕ˑ ˄˞ ˅˞ ːˋ ˇˈˎ˃ˎˋ ˔ ˔ˑ˄ˑˌǡ ˋ ˚˕ˑ ˄˞ ːˋ ˆˑ˅ˑ˓ˋˎˋ ˑ
˅˃˔ — ˅˞ ʒˈː˓ˋ˘ ˗ˑː ʑ˃ˎ˟Ǥ ʮ ˖˅ˋˇˈˎ˃ ˅˃˛ ˒ˑ˓˕˓ˈ˕ ˅
˄˖ˎ˟˅˃˓ːˑˏ ˉ˖˓ː˃ˎˈǤ ʦ˖ˉˑˈǡ ˎˉˋ˅ˑˈ ˋˏˢǡ ːˑ ˠ˕ˑ ˅˃˛ˋ
ˆˎ˃ˊ˃ ˋ ˆ˖˄˞ǡ ˠ˕ˑ ˅˞ǡ ˍ˃ˍ ˄˞ ˅˞ ːˋ ˔˕˃˓ˈˎˋǤ
ʮ ː˃˒ˑˏˋː˃ˡ ˅˃ˏ «ʖˈˎˈː˞ˌ ˈˆˈ˓˟» ʧ˕˓˃˖˔˃Ǥ ʮ ː˃˒ˑ-
ˏˋː˃ˡ ˅˃ˏ ʞ˓˃˕ˈ˓ǡ ˒˃ːˑ˒˕ˋˍ˖ˏ˞ǡ ˍ˃˗ˈ ˋ ː˃˛ˈ ˋːˍˑˆ-
ːˋ˕ˑǤ ʮ ː˃˒ˑˏˋː˃ˡ ˅˃ˏ ˒ˑˎˍˑ˅ːˋ˙˖ ˗˓˃˖ ʟˈ˕ˎ˟ ˋ ˊˑˎˑ-
˕˞ˈǡ ˓˃˔˒ˎ˞˅˃ˡ˜ˋˈ˔ˢ ˑ˄ˎ˃ˍ˃ ː˃ˇ ʓ˖ː˃ˈˏ ː˃ ˏˑ˔˕˖ ʣ˓˃ː˙-
ʣˈ˓ˇˋː˃ːˇ˃Ǥ ʬ˕ˑ ˒ˑ˔ˎˈˇːˢˢ ˅˔˕˓ˈ˚˃Ǥ ʡˈ˒ˈ˓˟ ˅˞ ˒ˑˏːˋ-
˕ˈǫ ʛ˞ ˔˅ˢˊ˃ː˞ǡ ʒˈː˓ˋ˘ǡ ˔ˍˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˄˞ ˎˈ˕ ːˋ ˒˓ˑ˛ˎˑ ː˃ˇ
˅˃˛ˋˏ ˅˞˔ˑˍˋˏ ˎ˄ˑˏ ˋ ˖ˇˋ˅ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ ˎˉˋ˅˞ˏˋ ˆˎ˃ˠ˃ˏˋǤ
ʛ˞ ˔˅ˢˊ˃ː˞ ˔ˏˈ˓˕˟ˡ ˑˇːˑˆˑ ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈˍ˃ ˋ ˉˋˊː˟ˡ ˇ˓˖-
ˆˑˆˑǡ ˋ ˈ˔ˎˋ ˅˞ ːˈ ˄ˑˋ˕ˈ˔˟ ˒˓ˑ˛ˎˑˆˑǡ ˅˞ ˈ˜ˈ ˖˅ˋˇˋ˕ˈ
ˏˈːˢǤ
ǷȖȟȍȘȒȖȔ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ ȏȈȗȐșȖȒ
ǩȍȏ ȗȖȌȗȐșȐ ǷȐșȤȔȖ ȏȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȖ ȋȍȘȉȖȔ ȒȕȧȎȍșȒȈȧ ȒȖ-
ȘȖȕȈ
 ǵȖ șȈȔ ȋȍȘȉ ȕȍȘȈȏȉȖȘȟȐȊ — șțȘȋțȟ ȘȈșȗȓȣȓșȧ
4. . . . . . . . ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȕȕȍ ȕțȎȍȕ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ Ȋ ȒȈȜȍ.
ȇ ȐȔȍȦ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȍȔț ȌȖȊȍȘȧȚȤ, Ȑ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔ ȒȈȒ
țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȈș ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȕȍȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȖȍ
ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȖ ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ

șȐȋȈȘț Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ țȔȍȡȈȍȚșȧ ȒȖȗȐȧ ȌȐșȓȖȒȈȞȐȐ ȗȖȋȘȈȕȐȟ-
ȕȣȝ ȒȖȘȗțșȖȊ ȕȈ ȦȎȕȖȑ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȍ ǩȍȏ ȗȧȚȐ ȚȘȐ ǷȖȘȈ
5.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. ȀȍșȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ țȚȘȈ Ǫșȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ
ȌȈȓȍȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȐȏȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȍȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ
ȥȚȖ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ

16
ǯdzǹȉǷ ǼǾdzǹ
ȇ ȏȈȒȈȏȈȓ șȍȉȍ ȒȖȜȍ Ȑ ȎȌȈȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȕȕȍ ȕț-
Ȏȍȕ Ǵȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ ȟȚȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ ȒȈȜȍ Ȋ ȌȈ-
ȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ ȜȍȠȍȕȍȉȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȕȍȕȖ
ǩȣȓȐ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȊȈ șȚȖȓȐȒȈ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ȊȝȖȌȈ Ȋ Ȟȍȕ-
ȚȘȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ șȚȖȓȈȔȐ ǭȡȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȖ ȚȖ ȖȉșȚȖ-
ȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ, ȟȚȖ ȔȖȐ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȍ șȗțȚȕȐȒȐ ȕȍ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȐ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȑ
ȖȚ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȍȓȧ ȌȖ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȒȈȜȍ DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ
ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ ȖȡțȡȈȦ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȊȐȎț șȕȣ ǶȉȣȒȕȖ-
ȊȍȕȕȖ ȧ șȗȓȦ ȉȍȏ șȕȖȊ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȐȊȈȦșȤ Ȋ ȉȍȏȌȕț ȉȍȏ
ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȑ Ȑ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ Ǫ ȥȚț ȕȖȟȤ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕ-
ȕȖ-ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȍ șȕȣ ǰ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȍȓ ȏȈ șȊȖȉȖȌ-
Ȑȣȑ șȚȖȓȐȒ ȊȉȓȐȏȐ ȒȈȔȐȕȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ șȗȖȘȚȐȊȕȖȔ ȒȖșȚȦ-
Ȕȍ Ȑ Ƞȓȧȗȍ ș ȗȍȘȖȔ ȖȌȍȚȣȑ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȏȌȍșȤ ȖȌȍȊȈȦȚșȧ ȗȘȖ-
ȊȐȕȞȐȈȓȣ-ȗȖȔȍȡȐȒȐ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȐȓ șȚȖȓ Ȑ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȖȚȘȍȏȈȊ Ȕȕȍ ȗțȚȤ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȇ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȓ ȋȈȏȍȚț
Ȑ ȟȐȚȈȓ ȍȍ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ șȍȉȧ Ȑ ȟȐȚȈȓ ȍȍ ȌȖ
Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȒȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧ ȎȌȈȓ ȕȍ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȑ ȕȍ Ȗș-
ȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȔȖȐȔ șȚȖȓȐȒȖȔ Ǵȣ ȉȍșȍȌȖȊȈȓȐ ȘȖȊȕȖ
șȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚșȧ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȓȖȎȐȓ Ȕȕȍ șȐȋȈȘț ȇ Ȋȏȧȓ șȐȋȈȘț ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȖ ȗȖȌȘȍȏȈȓ ȒȖȕ-
ȟȐȒ șȓȖȊȖȔ șȌȍȓȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȊȓȍȟȤ
ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ șȓȍȌȧȡȐȝ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȈ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȚȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ
ȧ ȎȌȈȓ ȖȚȖȌȊȐȕțȓ șȚȈȒȈȕ ȒȖȜȍ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȟȈșȣ Ȑ ȗȘȖș-
ȚȐȓșȧ ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȊȣȝȖȌț Ȑ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȒȈ-
Ȝȍ ȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȊ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȐȑ ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, ȧ ȐȋȘȈȦ
ȘȖȓȤ ȥȒȖȕȖȔȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȘȈșȟȍȚȓȐȊȖȋȖ ȠȊȍȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȧ șȐȋȈ-
Șȣ ȓȍȏț Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕ ȏȈ ȗȖȘȚșȐȋȈȘȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȖȚȓȖȎȐȊ țȌȖ-
ȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ «ǵȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ “ǨȕȘȐ Dzȓȍȑ”, ȊȣȒțȘȐȔ ȗȖșȓȍ Ȗȉȍ-
ȌȈ» ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȑ șȗȖȘȚȐȊȕȖȔ ȒȖșȚȦȔȍ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ Ȕȕȍ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
ȌȖȔ ȕȈ ȋȈȏȍȚț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȓȍȎȈȚȤ ȕȈ șȖșȍȌȕȍȔ șȚțȓȍ
Ȗȕ ȗȘȖșȐȚ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ ȍȍ ȊȏȧȚȤ
 ȗȘȐȗȖȌȣȔȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈȒȓȖ-
ȕȧȧșȤ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȔȖȍȋȖ șȚȖȓȈ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȍȍ ȊȏȧȚȤ Ȑ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȔȖȦ
ȒȐșȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȒȓȍȡȈȔȐ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȦȚ ȍȋȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ Ȑ țȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȑ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȧ țșȗȍȊȈȦ ȊȣȘȖȕȐȚȤ șȐȋȈȘț Ȑ ȡȍȓȟ-

17
ȒȖȔ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȑ ȘțȒȐ ȖȚȉȘȈșȣȊȈȦ ȍȍ Ȋ ȗȣȓȈȦȡȐȑ ȒȈȔȐȕ.
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȍȚ ȔȖȦ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȒȈȔȐȕț
ȕȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȣȔ, ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȌȘțȎȍșȒȐȔ ȘțȒȖȗȖȎȈȚȐȍȔ
ȕȈȗȘȧȋȈȧ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȐ șȐȓȣ țȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȦ ȍȋȖ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ
Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ Ȑ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȌȊȖȍ ȏȕȈȒȖ-
Ȕȣȝ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ țȏȕȈȊ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ȖȉȔȍȕȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȔ
ȘțȒȖȗȖȎȈȚȐȍȔ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ șȗȖȘȚȐȊȕȖȔ ȒȖșȚȦȔȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ Ȍȣ-
ȠȈ șȈȌȐȚșȧ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȐȈȓȖȋ:
— Ǫȣ ǶȓȈȜ ǫȈȕȏȍȕ"
— ǬȈ
— ǸȖȔțȈȓȤȌ ǷȐȘș"
— ǬȈ
— ǷȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ǹȍȊȍȘȖ-ǨȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȖȑ șȓțȎȉȣ ǸȖȉȍȘȚ ǨȑȘ-
ȚȖȕ"— ǬȈ
— ǸȖȚȔȐșȚȘ ȘțșșȒȖȑ șȓțȎȉȣ ǸȖȒȖȚȖȊ?
— ǬȈ
— ǫȘȈȜ ȜȖȕ ǾȖȓȍȘȕ"
— ǬȈ
— ǫȍȕȘȐȝ ȜȖȕ ǪȈȓȤ"
— ǬȈ.
— ǬȎȍȘȖȔ ǬȎȍȔș ǩȘȈȑș"
— ǬȈ
— ǴȈȘȒȐȏ ǷȤȍȚȘȖ ȌȈ DzȖșȚȈ"
— ǬȈ
ǵȍȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ ǴȖȑ șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒ ȔȍȕȧȍȚ-
șȧ Ȋ ȓȐȞȍ ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȈȧ ȧȘȖșȚȤ.
— ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ țȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȘȈȏȔȖȏȎȐȚȤ ȊȈȔ
ȟȍȘȍȗ
— ǺȖ Ȏȍ ȟȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ țȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȚ ȖȚ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȈ ȊȈȔ Ȋ ȎȐȊȖȚ
Ƕȕ ȍȎȐȚșȧ ȖȗțșȒȈȍȚ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȉȓȍȌȕȍȍȚ ǴȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȌț-
ȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȔȘȈȔȖȘ șȚȖȓȈ ȍȔț ȊȐȌȕȖ ȔȖȦ ȘțȒț ș ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȐȔ ȔȈțȏȍȘȖȔ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȗȕ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȊȈȍȚ șȖȉȖȑ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ șȗȖ-
ȒȖȑȕȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖȊȐȚȖ:
— ǪȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȊȈȔ ȒȘȣȠȒȈ Ǫȣ ȊȣȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ Ȋ Ȍȍ-
ȓȍ ș șȐȋȈȘȖȑ ǬȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊ ȕȍȚ ǵȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ǭșȓȐ
Ȋȣ Ȑ ȊȣȑȌȍȚȍ ȖȚșȦȌȈ ȚȖ ș ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐȒțȌȈ ȕȍ
ȊȝȖȌȐȚȤ

18
— ǶȟȍȕȤ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ǵȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȣȐȋȘȈȍȚȍ" DzȈȒ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋȣ ȗȖȏȖȊȍȚȍ șȊȖȐȝ Ȋȣ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȕȍȚȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ǻ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ ȍȡȍ ȗȈȘȈ ȏȈȘȧȌȖȊ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȗȖ șȍȉȍ
ȗȈȔȧȚȤ ȥȚȐȔ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈȔ
ǴȖȑ șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒ șȖȗȐȚ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ș ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ
ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ
— ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȋȣ Ǵȍȕȧ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȎȌȈȓȐ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ
ȖȎȐȌȈȓ ǬȈȎȍ ȎȈȓȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȓȖȊȒȐȑ ȗȈȘȍȕȤ ȚȈȒ ȗȓȖȝȖ
ȒȖȕȟȐȚ
— ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȤȚȍ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ Ȗ ȊȈș"
Ƕȕ ȔȖȓȟȐȚ Ȑ ȔȍȓȈȕȝȖȓȐȟȍșȒȐ ȊȏȌȣȝȈȍȚ
— ǶȌȕȈȒȖ, ȕȈȔ ȕȈȌȖ ȊȣȑȚȐ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȋȓțȗȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ.
ȇ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȘȈȎȈȦ.
— ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȓȐ ȊȈȔ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ
— Ǫ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȓțȟȈȧȝ ȔȖȎȕȖ — ȇ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȥȚȖ ȊȍșȤ-
ȔȈ țȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
— ǿȚȖ ȊȈȔ ȌȈȍȚ ȌȍȓȖ ș ȌȐșȓȖȒȈȞȐȍȑ"
ȇ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦ șțȔȔț
— Ǵȣ ȊȈȔ ȌȈȌȐȔ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȕȖ Ȋȣ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚȍșȤ Ȋ ȎȐȊȣȝ
— ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ȜȐȓȈȕȚȘȖȗȐȧ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ — ȧ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȦ ȍȋȖ
ȊȖȗȘȖș — «ȔȖȎȕȖ ȓȐ ȊȈȔ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ"»
Ƕȕ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ Ȕȕȍ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȕȖȍ ȋȍȘȉȖȔ ȊȕțȚȘȤ
— DzȓȧȕțșȤ
ȅȔȉȓȍȔȈ — ȕȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȥȔȈȓȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȓȈȊȣȑ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȖȘȍȓ
Ƕȕ ȞȍȓțȍȚ ȖȘȓȈ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȊȐȌ ȗȈȓȖȔȕȐȒȈ ȓȖȉȣȏȈȦ-
ȡȍȋȖ ȘȍȓȐȒȊȐȦ
— Ǫȣ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȣ«
«ǩȍȓȣȑ ȖȘȍȓ» DzȖȕșȗȐȘȈȚȐȊȕȈȧ ȓȐȋȈ ǺȍȘȘȖȘ Ȑ ȘȖȔȈȕ-
ȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȒȈ
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Țȣșȧȟ Țțȗȣȝ Ȑ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȕȣȝ țȉȐȑȞ ȘȈșșȍȧȕ-
ȕȣȝ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ ǿȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȝțȎȍ"
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȧ șȚȈȘȈȦșȤ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȤ șȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȍ Ȑ șȓȍȎț ȏȈ
ȍȋȖ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȔ ȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȦȡȐȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ
— ȇ ȉȘȈȚ ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȒȘțȋȈ ǴȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ ȖȉȧȏȣȊȈȍȚ
— ǯȈȟȍȔ ȧ ȊȈȔ ȕțȎȍȕ"
— ǵȈȔ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȕțȎȕȣ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȓȦȌȐ
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ ȧ ȖȚȚȧȋȐȊȈȦ ȔȖȑ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȕȖ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȐȏȖ-
ȉȘȍșȚȐ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȒȘȖȔȍ șȖȋȓȈșȐȧ

— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ǰȌȐȚȍ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ Ȕȍȕȧ
Ƕȕ ȊșȚȈȍȚ ȧ ȐȌț ȕȈ ȌȊȈ ȠȈȋȈ ȗȖȏȈȌȐ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ șȗȘȧȚȈȚȤ
Ȋ ȘțȒȈȊȍ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ȌțȓȖ Ǵȣ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȔ Ȑȏ ȒȈȜȍ ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȡȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȕȈș ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ Ǫ ȌȍșȧȚȐ ȠȈȋȈȝ ȏȈ țȋȓȖȔ ȏȈȒȘȣ-
Țȣȑ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ ȀȖȜȍȘ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȌȊȍȘȞț ǴȖȑ șȗțȚȕȐȒ
șȈȌȐȚșȧ ȧ șȈȎțșȤ ȘȧȌȖȔ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȍȌȍȔ ș ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȧȡȍȑ ȌȖȏȊȖȓȍȕȕțȦ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȈȔȐ ȍȏȌȣ ȗȖ ȋȖȘȖȌț

20
ǸǼǻǿǽǶǾǮȄǶȍ ǽǹȌǿ ǾǼǺǮǻȀǶǸǮ
ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȦȕȖȠȍȑ ȧ ȉȣ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓ șȍȉȧ ȋȍȘȖȍȔ
ȘȖȔȈȕȈ ǬȦȔȈ Ǫșȧ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȦȡȈȧșȧ Ȋ ȘȖȔȈȕȈȝ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȊȍșȤ șȓȖȎȕȣȑ ȘȖȔȈȕȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȘȐȚțȈȓ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕ Ȋ ȚȖȟ-
ȕȖșȚȐ ș șȖȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȍȑ ǷȖȍȏȌȒȈ ș ȏȈȊȧȏȈȕȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ǵȖȟȤ ȌȈȎȍ ȌȖȎȌȓȐȊȈȧ ȕȖȟȤ ș ȗȖȘȣȊȈȔȐ ȊȍȚȘȈ
ȀțȔ ȓȐșȚȤȍȊ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ǴȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ ȔȘȈȒ Ȑ ȌȊțȝȟȈșȖȊȖȑ
ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȉȍȋ ǵȈȌȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ țșȚȈȘȍȓțȦ ȒȈȘȍ-
Țț ȘȖȔȈȕȖȊ ǬȦȔȈ ș țșȗȍȝȖȔ ȏȈȔȍȕȐȓ ȒȘȣȚȣȑ «ǬȍȓȖȕȍ ǩȍȓȤ-
ȊȐȓȤ» ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȖ ȠȖȘȖȝț ȠȐȕ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ Ȕȍȕȧ-
ȓȐ ȈșȜȈȓȤȚ țȓȐȞ ȕȈ ȔȍȓȒȐȍ ȉțȓȣȎȕȐȒȐ ȠȖșșȍ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ
ȕȈ ȋȘȈȊȐȑ ȈȓȓȍȐ ǹȚȖȐȓȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȠȍȊȍȓȐȚȤșȧ, Ȑ ȧ ȧșȕȖ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȓ ț ȗȘȈȊȖȋȖ ȊȐșȒȈ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȑ ȝȖȓȖȌ șȚȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȌțȓȈ
ǵȈȌȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȌȈȊȕȖ țȎȍ țȚȘȈȚȐȓ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȣȋȖȌ-
ȕțȦ ȗȖȏȐȞȐȦ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȧ ȏȈȊȖȍȊȈȓ Ȋ ȒȈȜȍ ǴȖȐ ȘțȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ
ȚțȋȖ șȗțȚȈȕȣ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȒȖȑ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȖȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȖȡțȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȦ ǶȗȐșȈȊ ȌȦȎȐȕț ȗȍȚȍȓȤ
Ȑ șȗȐȘȈȓȍȑ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ șȚȈȓ Ǵȍȕȧ ȗȘȖȊȍȓȐ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȧ
ȗȖȌ ȘțȒȐ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ șȚȈ ȠȈȋȖȊ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȧ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȋȖȓȖș
«dzȍșȚȕȐȞȈ» ǺȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȖȌȕȈ șȚțȗȍȕȤȒȈ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȈȧ șȣȘȖșȚȤ
Ȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ DzȈȒ Ȋ ȖȘȈȕȎȍȘȍȍ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȗȖȊȧȏȒț șȕȧȓȐ
ǷȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȧ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ șȒȓȍȗȍ ǵȈȌ șȍȘȣȔ ȋȘȈȕȐ-
ȚȖȔ șȈȘȒȖȜȈȋȈ șȗțșȒȈȓȖșȤ ȏȕȈȔȧ — ȉȍȓȣȑ ȖȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ
ȗȖȓȍ ǫȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȍ ȓȐȓȐȐ Ȑ ȝȘȐȏȈȕȚȍȔȣ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȣȊȈȓȐ ȌȊȈ
ȞȊȍȚȖȟȕȣȝ ȝȖȓȔȈ ȗȖ Ȗȉȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȔȖȋȐȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȓȐȚȣ ǷȖ Țț
șȚȖȘȖȕț ȒȈȔȕȧ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȏȈȕȈȊȍș — ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȉȈȘȝȈȚ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȍ
ȖȘȓȣ dzȍȋȒȖȍ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȕȐȍ ȌȘȈȗȐȘȖȊȖȒ. ǷȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȚȈȔ ȓȦ-
ȌȐ ǹțȝȖȑ ȘȍȏȒȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș
— ǹțȌȈȘȤ ǬȊȈ ȔȍșȧȞȈ Ȋȣ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚȍșȤ ȗȖȌ țȌȈȘȖȔ Ǵȣ
ȏȕȈȍȔ Ȑ ȊȐȌȐȔ ȊȈș ȒȈȎȌțȦ șȍȒțȕȌț
ǴȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȚȍȘȧȚȤ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ:
— ǹțȌȈȘȤ ǷȖȓȤȏțȦșȤ șȚȈȘȣȔ ȈȜȖȘȐȏȔȖȔ «ǿȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȠȤ
— ȌȍȓȈȑ șȒȖȘȍȍ».

— Ǵȣ ȗȖȏȊȈȓȐ ȊȈș ȕȍ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȓțȠȈȚȤ ȉȖȋȖ-
ȝțȓȤȕȣȍ ȠțȚȒȐ Ǵȣ ȌȍȘȎȐȔ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȊȈȠț ȎȐȏȕȤ
— ǷȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȖȕȈ ȊȈȔ ȏȈȟȍȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕțȎȕȈ ȍșȓȐ Ȋȣ
țȚȘțȎȌȈȍȚȍ șȍȉȧ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȖȔ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ș ȒȍȔ ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȦ Ȑ Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ș ȒȍȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ Dz Ȍȍȓț
ǯȈ ȉȈȘȝȈȚȕȖȑ ȌȘȈȗȐȘȖȊȒȖȑ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ, ȧ țșȓȣ-
ȠȈȓ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȕȐȏȒȐȑ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȚȐȝȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș
— ǹȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ǻ ȕȈș ȍșȚȤ șȖȚȕȐ Ȑ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ȖȚȌȈȓȐ ȕȈȔ șȊȖȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȑ ȖȘțȎȐȍ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ, Ȕȣ ȗȖȒțȗȈȍȔ
ȊȈș ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȐȚȍ șȊȖȑ ȌȖȓȋ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȔȍȔ ȔȍȘȣ Ȓ ȚȖ-
Ȕț ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋȣ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȉȍȏȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȕȣ Ǫȣ ȚȘȐȎȌȣ ȠȗȐȖȕ Ȑ
ȐȏȔȍȕȕȐȒ ȅȚȖ ȊȈȠȈ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȧ ǵȖ ȍșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȚȍ ȕȈȔ
— Ȋȣ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȐ. ǻȉȐȑșȚȊȖ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ — ȉȓȈȋȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ
DzȈȎȌȣȑ Ȑȏ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ Țȣșȧȟ ȉȘȈȚȤȍȊ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȋȖ ȒȘțȋȈ șȖȟȚȍȚ ȏȈ
șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȗȖȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ ș ȊȈȔȐ Ǫȣ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȤșȧ"
— ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ Ǵȕȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ
— Ǫȣ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȍȚȍ ȊșȍȔȐ ȌȈȕȕȣȔȐ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȣȗȖȓ-
ȕȐȚȤ ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȐȍ Ǫȣ șȔȍȓȣ ȕȈȋȓȣ Ȑ ȕȈȝȖȌȟȐȊȣ — ȊȈȔ ȕȍ-
ȟȍȋȖ ȚȍȘȧȚȤ ǭșȓȐ ȊȈȔ ȕțȎȕȣ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ Ȋȣ Ȑȝ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȍ ǬȈȓȤ-
Ƞȍ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ țȑȌȍȚȍ ȖȚșȦȌȈ Ȋȣ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȘȈșȗȖȓȈȋȈȚȤ șȖȉȖȑ
ȒȈȒ ȊȈȔ țȋȖȌȕȖ Ǫȣ ȌȈȎȍ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȤ ȕȈȠț șȚȘȈȕț Ȑ
ȎȐȚȤ ȋȌȍ ȊȈȔ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȌȖ ȚȖȑ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȍ ȗȘȐȒȈȏ.
Ǵȣ ȕȈȑȌȍȔ ȊȈș
ǷȖȒȈ Ȗȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȧ ȗȘȐȊȣȒ Ȓ ȗȖȓțȔȘȈȒț Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȊȕȐ-
ȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ șȒȓȍȗ ǵȈ șȈȘȒȖȜȈȋȍ ȗȖȌ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȔ
ȘȈșȗȧȚȐȍȔ ȧ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȓ ȐȔȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ țȉȐȓ ȗȘȍȏȐ-
ȌȍȕȚȈ — ȓȐȌȍȘȈ ȓȐȉȍȘȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȈȘȚȐȐ,
—ǬȖ ȚȖȑ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȍ ȗȘȐȒȈȏ. ǷȘȐȒȈȏ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȔ ...
ǺȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȧ ȏȈȗȐȠț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉțȌț
șȟȐȚȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ, ȍșȓȐ ȖșȚȈȕțșȤ
Ȋ ȎȐȊȣȝ
ǻ «ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȖȘȓȈ» ȒȈȒ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚșȧ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȍ ȒȖȋȚȐ Ȑ ȒȓȦȊ
_____

ǪȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȗȘȐȒȖȓȖȚȖȍ ȉțȓȈȊȒȖȑ
ʝ˕ˈˎ˟ Ǽʐ˓ˋ˔˕ˑˎ˟»Ǥ ʝˎ˃˗˖ ʒ˃ːˊˈː˖Ǥ
ʛˑˌ ʒˈː˓ˋ˘Ǩ ʟ˃ˊ˅ˈ ˅˞ ːˈ ˖˔˕˃ˎˋǫǤǤ ʑ˃ˏ ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˈ ˔ˑ˓ˑ-
ˍ˃ ˎˈ˕ǡ ˢ ˅ˋˇˈˎ˃ ˅˃˔ ˅˚ˈ˓˃ ˅ ˑ˒ˈ˓ˈǤ ʦˈ˓ˈˊ ˏˈ˔ˢ˙ǡ ʒˈː˓ˋ˘ǡ
ˢ ˄˖ˇ˖ ˔˅ˑ˄ˑˇː˃Ǥ ʮ ˔˖ˏˈˡ ˅˃ˏ ˇ˃˕˟ ˅˔ˈǡ ˑ ˚ˈˏ ˅˞ ˏˈ˚˕˃-
ˎˋ ˅ ˉˋˊːˋǡ ˋ ˕ˑǡ ˑ ˚ˈˏ ˅˞ ːˈ ˏˈ˚˕˃ˎˋǤ ʮ ˇ˃ˏ ˅˃ˏ ˔˃ˏˑˈ
˄ˑˎ˟˛ˑˈ ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈ˚ˈ˔ˍˑˈ ˔˚˃˔˕˟ˈǤ ʑ˞ ˇˑˎˉː˞ ˉˇ˃˕˟ ˏˈːˢ
˅ ʧ˅ˈˌ˙˃˓ˋˋ ˅ ʛˑː˕˓ˈǡ ˅ ˑ˕ˈˎˈ «ʧˋˎ˟ˑː»Ǥ
ǷȐșȤȔȖ ȉȍȏ ȗȖȌȗȐșȐ ȇ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȓ ȋȍȘȉ DzȕȧȎȍșȒȈȧ ȒȖ-
ȘȖȕȈ ǫȍȘȉ Ȓȕȧȏȍȑ ǸȈȌȖȔȐȘșȒȐȝ ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȠțȚȒȈ ȇ ȍȌț Ȋ ǴȖȕ-
ȚȘȍ ǺȈȔ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȑȌțȚ ȅȚȈ Ȑ Țȍ.
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȍ ȐȔȧ ǵȈ ȌȖșȒȍ ȋȌȍ ȖȚȔȍȟȈȦȚ ȋȖșȚȍȑ ȖȚȍ-
ȓȧ «ȀȐȓȤȖȕ» ȖȕȖ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȖ ȕȈ ȔȖȍȑ ȊȐȏȐȚȕȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȖȟȒȍ ȇ
ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȋȕȍ șȍȏȖȕȈ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȖȔ Ȓț-
ȘȖȘȚȍ ț ȋȖȓțȉȖȋȖ ȖȏȍȘȈ ǯȈȗȈȝ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊ ȗȘȍș-
ȕȖȑ ȊȖȌȣ ȓȤȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȍ ȖȒȕȖ ǶȚ ȊȣȕțȎȌȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȉȍȏȌȍȓȤȧ ȔȕȖȑ
ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȈ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ șȒȓȖȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȓ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧȔ ȇ
ȉțȌț ȗȐșȈȚȤ ȔȍȔțȈȘȣ
DzȈȏȐȔȐȘ ǹȚȘȎȐȋȖȞȒȐȑ

23
ǸǾǮȀǸǮȍ ǾǼDzǼǿǹǼǰǻǮȍ
Ǵȕȍ șȖȘȖȒ ȠȍșȚȤ ȓȍȚ ǷȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖȑ
ȘȈȉȖȚȣ Ȍȓȧ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȧ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȋȐȉȒȖșȚȤ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒțȦ
șȐȓț ȏȖȘȒȐȑ ȋȓȈȏ Ȑ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȣȑ șȓțȝ ǭșȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ șȗȘȖ-
șȐȚȤ Ȗ ȔȖȍȔ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȔ ȐȔȍȕȐ Ȑ ȔȖșȚȍ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȧ ș ȕȍȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȔ ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȔȖȋț ȗȘȐȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȔȈȚȤ — ȘțȔȣȕȒț Ȑȏ
ǩțȝȈȘȍșȚȈ ȒȈȏȕȍȕȕțȦ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț ȏȈ ȔțȎȍțȉȐȑșȚȊȖ ǸȈȏț-
ȔȍȍȚșȧ ȎȍȘȚȊȈ ȔȖȍȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȔȖȐȔ ȖȚȞȖȔ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ
ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȎȍȕȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȔȖȍȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ șȍȔȐȌȍșȧȚȐ ȠȍșȚȐ
ȓȍȚ ȖȚ ȘȖȌț ȅȚȖȚ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȑ ȉȘȈȏȐȓȍȞ ȗȓȖȝȖ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȈȓ ȕȈ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ǩțȝȈȘȍșȚȍ ȗȍȊȐȞȈ Ȑȏ ȊȈȘȤȍȚȍ ȗȘȐșȗȖșȖȉȓȍȕȈ Ȓ șȍ-
ȔȍȑȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ ȉȍȌȕȧȋȈ-ȉȘȈȏȐȓȍȞ ȗȓȈȚȐȓ ȏȊȖȕȒȖȑ ȔȖȕȍ-
ȚȖȑ ǴȖȕȍȚȈ ȗȖȗȈȓȈ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȔȈȔȈȠȐ Ȉ ȉȘȈȏȐȓȍȞ șȗț-
șȚȧ ȚȘȐ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȒȖȘȖȗȖșȚȐȎȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ
ȉȣȓ ȐȏȊȓȍȟȍȕ Ȑȏ șȒȓȍȗȈ ȘȈȌȐ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȖȋȖ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȈ șțȌȍȉ-
ȕȣȝ ȊȓȈșȚȍȑ ǩțȝȈȘȍșȚȈ
ǪșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȚȍȔ ȔȖȧ ȔȈȔȈȠȈ Ȑ ȕȍȒȐȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȊȘȈȟ ȜȈ-
ȔȐȓȐȧ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȔȍȟȍȕȈ țȋȖȓȖȊȕȖȑ ȝȘȖȕȐȒȖȑ ȚȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ),
ȗȖșȓȍ ȠȍșȚȐȔȍșȧȟȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ, ȖȒȖȕȟȐȓȐ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȕȈ-
șȐȓȤșȚȊȍȐȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȏȈȒȖȕȈȔ ȒȖȕșȚȐȚțȞȐȖȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊșȚȊȈ, Ȋ ȠȍșȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ țȚȘȈ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȍ ȚȦȘȤȔȣ Ȋ
ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȐ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȒȖȘȘȍșȗȖȕȌȍȕȚȖȊ Ȑ ȖșȖȉȖ ȗȖȟȍȚ-
ȣȣȝ ȋȖșȚȍȑ ǸȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȊȘȈȟ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȔȖȐȔ ȖȚȞȖȔ ǸȈȏȉȐ-
ȘȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȘȖȌȖșȓȖȊȕȖȑ ȧ șȒȓȖȕȧȦșȤ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȔȕȍȕȐȦ
ȟȚȖ ȔȖȐȔ ȖȚȞȖȔ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌșȚȊțȧșȤ șȖȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ șȘȖȒȖȊ Ȑ
ȔȍșȚȖȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȔȖȍȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ȔȖȋ ȉȣȚȤ
ǽȘȐșȚȖȜȖȘ ǬȊȈȓȐ — ȋȘȍȒ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȍȞ ȒȈȜȍ «ǶȓȐȔȗ» Ȋ ǹȈ-
ȓȖȕȐȒȈȝ
DzȖȕșȚȈȕȚȐȕ ǴțȝȐȕ — ȠȚȈȉ-ȘȖȚȔȐșȚȘ ȗȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȖȑ ȖȝȘȈ-
ȕȣ ȕȈ ȘțșșȒȖ-ȘțȔȣȕșȒȖȑ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȍ ȐȓȐ ǫȊȐȌȖ-ǫȈȥȚȈȕȖ-ǼȈ-
ȞȐȖ DzȈȓȈȕȌȘȈ — ȒȓȍȘȒ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕșȒȖȑ ȥȒșȗȖȘȚȕȖȑ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȣ Ȋ
ǫȈȓȈȞȍ ǰȏ ȗȍȘȍȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȚȘȍȝ ȖșȖȉ ȧ ȓȐȟȕȖ șȒȓȖȕȧȦșȤ Ȓ
ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȐȦ ȔȖȐȔ ȖȚȞȖȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȘȖȌȖȊȐȚȖȋȖ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȕȕȍ
ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȌȊȖȘȧȕȐȕȈ
 DzȖȕșȚȈȕȚȐȕȈ ǴțȝȐȕȈ — ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȠȚȈȉ-
ȘȖȚȔȐșȚȘȈ

24
ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȖșȖȉȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȕȐ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȒȈȕȌȐȌȈȚȖȊ Ȋ ȔȖȐ ȖȚȞȣ ȧ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ
ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ȚȖ ȍȍ ȥȒșȞȍȕȚȘȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȒȖȕȟȐȕȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȋȖȌ Ȑ ȚȘȐ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȗȖșȓȍ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ.
ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȗȖȒȖȕȟȐȊ ș ȔȖȍȑ ȗȖȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ ȋȍȕȍȈȓȖ-
ȋȐȍȑ ȧ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȎț Ȓ ȔȖȍȔț Ȕȍȕȍȍ șȒȘȖȔȕȖȔț ȗȖșȓțȎȕȖȔț
șȗȐșȒț Ȑ ȔȐȜȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȋȈȓȍȘȍȍ ȗȘȍȌȒȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȧ șȌȍȓȈȓ
ȟȍșȚȤ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ ȚȐȚțȓȈȔȐ Ȑ ȐȔȍȕȈȔȐ
ǷȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȒȓȖȕȕȖ Ȋȣȗț-
șȒȈȚȤ Ȑȏ șȊȖȐȝ ȘțȒ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȕȈșȓȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȠȓȐȕȣ ȖȚ-
ȕȖșȐȊȠȐȍșȧ Ȓ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓț ȉȘȈȏȐȓȤșȒȖȋȖ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȐȕȈ ǷȈȉȓȖ
ȌȈ DzȖșȚȈ ȕȍțȌȈȟȕȖ șȖȟȍȚȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȉȘȈȒȖȔ ș ȗȖȌȌȈȕȕȖȑ Șț-
ȔȣȕșȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊșȚȊȈ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț Ȋ ȋȖȌ Ȑ ȚȘȐ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȖȚ ȘȖȌț
ȧ șȌȍȓȈȓșȧ ȕȈșȓȍȌȕȐȒȖȔ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ǵȈșȒȖ-
ȓȤȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ǩȘȈȏȐȓȐȐ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ
ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȖ ȖȚȕȍșȓȖșȤ Ȓ ȕȈșȓȍȌșȚȊț ǷȈȉȓȖ ȌȈ DzȖșȚȈ Ȑ ȓȍȋ-
ȒȖ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȊ ȕȍ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȓȖȧȓȤȕȖȍ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȋȖ
Ȓ ȔȍȘȖȗȘȐȧȚȐȧȔ Ȋ ȖȉȓȈșȚȐ ȗȘȈȊȖȊȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȈ Ȑ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȐ ȒȖȕȜȐșȒȖȊȈȓȖ Ȋ ȗȖȓȤȏț ȒȈȏȕȣ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ǷȈȉȓȖ ȌȈ DzȖ-
șȚȈ ȐȔȍȓ ȕȍȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ Ȋ ǩȘȈȏȐȓȐȐ. ǴȖȐ Ȏȍ Ȗȗȍ-
Ȓțȕȣ — ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȐ ȔȈȔȈȠȐ — Ȓ ȔȖȍȔț șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖȓȍ-
ȚȐȦ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ Ȕȕȍ șțȔȔț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ș ȐȏȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȕȈ
ȖȗȓȈȚț ȉȐȓȍȚȈ ȖȚ ǩțȝȈȘȍșȚȈ ȌȖ ǷȈȘȐȎȈ ȕȖ ș ȔȐȕȐȔȈȓȤȕȣ-
ȔȐ țȌȖȉșȚȊȈȔȐ Ȋ ȗțȚȐ ǩțȌț ȒȘȈȚȖȒ ǪȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȣȍ ȟȍȔȖ-
ȌȈȕȣ Ȑ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȧ ȌȈ DzȖșȚȈ ȌȈȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȚȘȐ ȕȍ-
ȌȍȓȐ ȗȘȖȎȐȚȤ Ȋ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȔ ȖȚȍȓȍ. DzȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȘȈșȗȓȈȚȣ ȗȖ
șȟȍȚȈȔ ȧ ȗȍȘȍșȍȓȐȓșȧ ȗȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȉȍȘȍȋ ǹȍȕȣ ȋȌȍ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȕȍ-
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔ ȒȈȜȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ șȊȖȍȑ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖȑ ȕȈȘțȎȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖ-
ȓțȟȐȓ ȔȍșȚȤ Ȋ ȘțȔȣȕșȒȖȔ ȖȘȒȍșȚȘȍ ǽȖȚȧ ȧ ȕȍ ȐȋȘȈȓ ȕȐ ȕȈ
ȖȌȕȖȔ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȍ ȕȖ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȊȣȐȋȘȣȠȕȖȍ Ȕȍș-
ȚȖ ȕȈ ȥșȚȘȈȌȍ. DzȘȈșȕȣȑ ȜȘȈȒ ȔțȏȣȒȈȕȚȈ ȗȖȌȟȍȘȒȐȊȈȓ ȔȖȦ
șȟȈșȚȓȐȊțȦ ȕȈȘțȎȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȖ ȘȈȏȊȐȚțȦ ȔțșȒțȓȈ-
ȚțȘț Ǵȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȋȓȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ Ǫ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȗȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȔȖȍȑ ȕȍ-
șȓȖȎȕȖȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȧ ȐȏțȟȐȓ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȧȏȣȒȈ Ȑ ȘȈșȚȘȈȚȐȓ
ȌȖ ȗȖȓțȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȈ ȜȘȈȕȒȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȗȘȍȐȔț-
ȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈȔ ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȚȊȖȘȕȖȍ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ ȕȈ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȎȍȕȈ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȜȈȉȘȐȒȈȕȚȈ ǵȈȧȌȈ ǹțȟȒȖȊȈ
ǭȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȐ ȊȖșȤȔȐ ȓȍȚ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȓț-

ȟȐȓȈ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȍ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȐȏȌȈȊȈȓȈ Ȋ
ǸȖșșȐȐ ȌȍȒȈȌȍȕȚșȒȐȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ ǷȖ ȍȍ ȗȘȖșȤȉȍ ȧ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȗȘȖȠȚțȌȐȘȖȊȈȓ «ǷȖȘȚȘȍȚ ǬȖȘȐȈȕȈ ǫȘȍȧ» Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȌȈȓȖ Ȕȕȍ
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍșȚȐ ȘȍȗțȚȈȞȐȦ șȊȍȚșȒȖȋȖ ȥșȚȍȚȈ Ȋȍ-
ȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȖ ȊȓȈȌȍȦȡȍȋȖ ȌȐȈȓȖȋȖȔ ǬȊȈȎȌȣ ȧ ȗȘȐȍȏȎȈȓ Ȋ ǸȖș-
șȐȦ ȋȌȍ Ȓ șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȦ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ Ǫ Țȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ ȧ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓ
ȌȖȓȎȕȖȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȔȐșȚȐȞȐȏȔ șȗȐȘȐȚȐȏȔ Ȑ ȕȈțȒȐ ȟȍȚ-
ȊȍȘȚȖȋȖ ȐȏȔȍȘȍȕȐȧ ǺȈȒȈȧ ȥȘțȌȐȞȐȧ ȗȘȐ ȔȖȍȑ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȑ
ȊȕȍȠȕȖșȚȐ ȌȈȓȈ ȉȣ Ȕȕȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȗȘȐ-
ȌȊȖȘȕȣȔ șȜȍȘȈȔ ǷȖȒȈ Ȏȍ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ-
șȧ țșȗȍȝȖȔ Ȋ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖ-ȒțȗȍȟȍșȒȐȝ șȈȓȖȕȈȝ Ȑ ȎȐȚȤ Ȋ ȗȘȍ-
ȌȍȓȈȝ Țȍȝ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȐ Țȣșȧȟ Șțȉȓȍȑ Ȋ ȋȖȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ Ȕȍȕȧ
șțȉșȐȌȐȘȖȊȈȓȈ ȔȈȌȈȔ ǹțȟȒȖȊȈ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȧ ȐȔȍȓ ȉțȌțȡȍȍ ǴțȎ
ȔȈȌȈȔ ǹțȟȒȖȊȖȑ ȕȍțȒȓȖȕȕȖ Ƞȍȓ Ȓ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȋȖȘȧȟȒȍ Ȑ ȌȍȑșȚ-
ȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȓ ȒȖȕȞț ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȋȖȌȈ ȥȗȖȗȍȐ ș ǵȈȧȌȖȑ ǹțȟȒȖ-
ȊȖȑ țȔȍȘ ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȊ ȕȈ ȗȈȘȐ ȏȖȓȖȚțȦ șȗȐȟȍȟȕȐȞț Dz șȖȎȈȓȍ-
ȕȐȦ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȔȖȓȖȌ Ȑ ȉȣȓ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ ȊȊȍȌȍȕ Ȋ ȏȈȉȓțȎȌȍȕȐȍ
ǴȈȌȈȔ ǵȈȧȌȈ ǹțȟȒȖȊȈ ȒȈȒ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ țȘȍȋț-
ȓȐȘȖȊȈȓȈ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ ȒȈșȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȏȈȊȍȡȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȋȘȈ-
ȕȐȟȍȕȈ șțȔȔȖȑ Ȋ ȠȍșȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ Țȣșȧȟ Ȋ ȋȖȌ Ǵȣ ȘȈșșȚȈȓȐșȤ
ș ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȔȐ ȘȍȈȓȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ-
șȚȧȔȐ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȍ șȚȖȐȚ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȚȤ Ǫ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȧ ȕȖșȐȓ
șȒȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȚȐȚțȓ ȋȘȈȜȈ ǷȤȍȚȘȖ ȌȈ DzȖșȚȈ

26
ǿǹȁȅǮǷ ǿ ǸǼǽȀǿǸǼǷ DZǾǮǺǺǮȀǶǸǼǷ
ǸțșșȒȐȍ — ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ Ȋ
ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȟțȌȈȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȧ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȟȈȓ ȗȖ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȋȈȔ Ȋ ȖșȖȉȕȧȒȍ ȔȈȌȈȔ ǹțȟȒȖȊȖȑ ȕȈ ǵȖȊȐȕ-
șȒȖȔ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘȍ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȑ ȌȖȔ — ȗȖȔȍșȤ Ȉȕȋ-
ȓȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȚȚȍȌȎȈ Ȑ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȒțȗȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȖșȖȉȕȧȒȈ ș ȒȖȕ-
ȞȍȘȚȕȣȔ ȏȈȓȖȔ Ȑ ȥȒȏȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȋȖșȚȐȕȣȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ
ȊȔȍșȚȐȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȌȊțȝșȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȕȈ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȋȈȝ ț
ȔȖȍȑ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȣ ȉȣȊȈȓȖ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȌȊțȝ-ȚȘȍȝ ȌȍșȧȚ-
ȒȖȊ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓ șȖȉȖȑ ȐȕȚȍ-
Șȍșȕȣȑ ȖȉȢȍȒȚ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȑ ȗșȐȝȐȈȚ-
ȘȈ ǶȌȐȕ ȌȍȒȈȌȍȕȚ Ȋșȍ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ șȖ-
șȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȥȘȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ șȚȐȝȖȊ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȓ Ȋ ȗȐȡț ȗȘȍȐȔț-
ȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȍȊȟȐȝ ȗȚȐȞ ǬȘțȋȖȑ ȉȣȓ ȔȐșȚȐȒ Ȑ ȖȚȌȍȓȈȓ șȊȖȑ
ȌȖȔ ȕȈȗȖȌȖȉȐȍ șȘȍȌȕȍȊȍȒȖȊȖȑ ȔȖȕȈșȚȣȘșȒȖȑ ȒȈȗȍȓȓȣ ȗȘȐ-
ȟȍȔ ȍȋȖ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȞȣ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȚȖȟȕȖșȚȤȦ ȒȖȗȐȘȖȊȈȓȐ ȒȖ-
șȚȦȔȣ ȗȍȘșȖȕȈȎȍȑ ǫȖȓȤȉȍȑȕȈ ǺȘȍȚȐȑ ȒțȓȤȚȐȊȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ-
Țțșȣ Ǫșȍ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȐȚȈȓȐ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȥȓȍȒ-
ȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ șȊȍȚ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȖȔț ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȐȦ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȓȐ ȒȖș-
ȔȍȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȗȈȋȈȕȌȐȘȖȊȈȓȐ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȍșȚȍșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕțȦ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȘȐȦȚȍ ȟțȌȈȒȖȊ Ȑ ȗșȐȝȖȗȈȚȖȊ ȧ
ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȍ ȖȉȔȍȕȧȊȠȐșȤ șȖ
ȔȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȐȧȔȐ șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ
— ǯȕȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ Ȋȣ ȧȏȣȒ ȒȖȗȚȖȊ"
ǺȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ ȕȍ țȌȐȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȚȖ ȖșȚȈȊȐȊ șȊȖȑ ȉȖ-
ȒȈȓ ȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȝ Ȑ
ȈȏȐȈȚșȒȐȝ ȕȈȘȍȟȐȑ ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȕȍ șȊȧȏȈȕȣ ș ȒȈȒȖȑ-
ȓȐȉȖ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȉ ș ȗȘȖȔȣșȓȖȔ Ȑ ȐȔȍȦȚ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȍ
ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȧ. ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȔȖȑ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȌȘțȋ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ
ȧȏȣȒ ȒȖȗȚȖȊ
ǴȖȑ șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒ ȉȣȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȘȍȌȕȐȝ ȓȍȚ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȓȣș
Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȈ ȔȧȋȒȐȑ ȊȖșȒȖȊȖȑ ȠȈȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ
ȌȖȓȋȖ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ ȌȍȚȐ ǵȖș ȋțȉȣ Ȑ țȠȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȒȈȗȘȐȏȖȔ ȗȘȐ-
ȘȖȌȣ

27
Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȖȌȍȚ Ȋ șȔȖȒȐȕȋ ȎȐȓȍȚ ș ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔȐ ȓȐȓȐȧȔȐ ȗȖ
ȠȍȓȒț ȞȊȍȚȈ șȓȖȕȖȊȖȑ ȒȖșȚȐ Ƕȕ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȊȖȓȖȟȐȓ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ —
ȒȓȧȕțșȤ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȖșȚȤȦ — ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ ǩȖȓȤȠȐȝ
ȉțȓȤȊȈȘȈȝ Ȋ șȍȘȖȔ ȞȐȓȐȕȌȘȍ Ȑ șȍȘȖȔ șȦȘȚțȒȍ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒȐ ș
ȌȊțȔȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȔȐ ȕȈȚțȘȡȐȞȈȔȐ
— ǯȈȟȍȔ ȊȈȔ ȕțȎȍȕ ȧȏȣȒ ȒȖȗȚȖȊ"
— ǿȚȖȉȣ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤșȧ ș ȖȌȕȖȑ ȌȈȔȖȑ
ȇ ȗȘȐȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȓ Ȑȏ ȖȉȓȈșȚȐ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ Ȑ ȈȘȝȍȖ-
ȓȖȋȐȐ
ǹ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȧȏȣȒȍ
ȒȖȗȚȖȊ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȚȘȍȝ Țȣșȧȟ ȓȍȚ
ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȚȤ ȕȈ ȌȈȔț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȖȉȢȧș-
ȕȧȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȧȏȣȒȍ ȒȖȗȚȖȊ
— ǴȖȧ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȧ ǹ ȇ ȊȘȈȟ ȗȖ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȐ ȕȖ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ
Ȑ ȜȐȏȐȒ ǸȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȧ ȔȈȓȖ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȦșȤ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒȖȑ ǯȕȈȟȐȚ,
Ȋȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ ȗȖ-ȒȖȗȚșȒȐ"
Ǫ șȈȓȖȕȍ ǵȈȧȌȣ ǹțȟȒȖȊȖȑ ȉȣȊȈȓȐ ȐȓȐ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖșȚȐ,
ȐȓȐ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȍȘȣ ǺȈȒ ȒȈȒ ǹ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖșȚȤȦ, — Ȗȕ
ȉȣȓ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȍȘȖȔ ȇ ȗȘȐȊȣȒ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȍȎȓȐȊȣȔ ș ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȍ-
ȘȈȔȐ Ȑ șȒȘȖȔȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǷȖȓȈȋȈȦ ȟȚȖ șțȔȍȦ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤșȧ ǵȖ ȗȖ Ȋșȍȑ Ȋȍ-
ȘȖȧȚȕȖșȚȐ ȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȈȉ Ȋ ȋȘȈȔȔȈȚȐȒȍ...
Ǩ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȖ ȏȕȈȚȤ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȓȐ ȒȖȗȚșȒȈȧ ȋȘȈȔ-
ȔȈȚȐȒȈ"

— ȇ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊ... — Ƕȕ ȊșȚȈȓ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȈȧ Ȕȍȕȧ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ
ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ
ȇ țȋȈȌȈȓ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȍȘ ǵȈ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘȍ ȍȋȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȓȈ
ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȈȧ ȒȈȘȍȚȈ ș ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȉȓȈȋȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȔ ȒțȟȍȘȖȔ ȇ
ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȐȝ țȓȐȞȈȝ ȕȖ
ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ Ȕȣ ȔȐȕȖȊȈȓȐ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘ Ȑ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤ
Ȑ ȗȖȍȝȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȋȓțȝȖȔț ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȏȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȖȔț ȗȍȘȍțȓȒț ǴȖȑ
șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȓ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ ȔȍȓȈȕȝȖ-
ȓȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȊȏȌȖȝȖȔ
— Ǫȣ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȍȚȍ ȕȍțȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ"
— ǬȈ ȇ ȊȍșȤȔȈ șȖȎȈȓȍȦ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȌȈȘȍȕ ȓȐȕȋȊȐșȚȐȟȍș-
ȒȐȔȐ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȧȔȐ
— ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ț ȊȈș ȌȊȍ ȊȕțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ
— ǬȈ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȧ ȌȖșȚȐȋ ȔȕȖȋȖȋȖ

28
ǬȈȓȍȍ Ȕȣ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȒȈȘȍȚȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ ț ȌȖȊȖȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȊȣșȖȒȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ Ȋ ȏȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȖȔ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȘȍȌ-
ȕȍȊȍȒȖȊȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȒȈ
— ǹȍȘȋȍȑ ȗȖȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȚȍ ȉȈȘȐȕȈ
Ƕȕ șțȕțȓ ȒȘȍȌȐȚȕȣȑ ȉȐȓȍȚ Ȋ ȘțȒț ȒțȟȍȘȈ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ
Ȓ ȔȕȖȋȖȥȚȈȎȕȖȔț ȌȖȔț
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȕȍ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȍȘ ǯȕȈȟȐȚ Ȗȕ ȋȍȕȐȑ
Ǵȣ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐșȤ ȗȖ țȏȒȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȊȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȥȚȈȎ ǩȣȓȈ
ȕȖȟȤ dzȐȜȚ ȕȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ǷȖȒȈ Ȗȕ ȏȈȎȐȋȈȓ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȚ-
ȊȖ ȧ țșȗȍȓ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ țȌȈȘȐȚȤșȧ Ȗ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦ-
ȡȍȍ ȔȍȉȍȓȤ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȒțȌȈ Ȕȣ ȊȖȠȓȐ DzȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȎȋȓȐ șȊȍȚ
ȧ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȓ ȕȈȋȘȖȔȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȖ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȈ ȧȡȐȒȐ ș ȕȈȌȗȐ-
șȧȔȐ ȕȈ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȔ Ȑ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȑ țȗȈ-
ȒȖȊȒȍ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ ȗȍȘȍșȣȓȈȦȚ ȟȈșȚȐ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȔȈȠȐȕ Ȑ Ȉȗ-
ȗȈȘȈȚȖȊ ȇ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓ șȖȎȈȓȍȚȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȍ
ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȍ ȊȐȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȥȚȖȑ ȔȈȓȖȒȖȔȜȖȘȚȈȉȍȓȤȕȖȑ
ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȐ
Ǵȣ ȊȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȌȘțȋțȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȉșȚȈȊȓȍȕȈ șȘȈȊ-
ȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȓțȟȠȍ ǷȘȐȧȚȕȈȧ șȚȈȘȈȧ ȔȍȉȍȓȤ ȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ
ȕȍȌțȘȕȣȍ ȋȘȈȊȦȘȣ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȈȝ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȕȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȚȖȓș-
Țȣȑ ȒȈȕȈȚ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȖȊ ȚȖȓȡȐȕȖȑ ș ȘțȒț ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȑ ȊȌȖȓȤ
șȚȍȕȣ Ȑ țȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȑ ȏȈ ȌȘȈȗȐȘȖȊȒț Ȑ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȌȈȓȤȠȍ.
ȇ ȏȈȉȣȓ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȗ ȚȖȓșȚȣȝ ȋȖȓțȉȣȝ ȌȘȈȗȐȘȖȊȒȈȝ Ȋ șȚȈȘȐȕ-
ȕȖȔ ȊȒțșȍ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȊȠȐȝ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȕȈ ȌȊȍ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȣ ǽȖȏȧȐȕ
șȕȧȓ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȚȖ
Ȏȍ ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȗȕ țȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȒȘȍșȓȖ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȊȈȧ ȕȍȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ
— ǫȘȈȜ ǷȤȍȚȘȖ ȌȈ DzȖșȚȈ ȇ ȔȖȋț ȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȊȈȠȍȔț ȌȎȍȕȚ-
ȓȤȔȍȕșȒȖȔț șȓȖȊț?
ȇ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȖȔ
— ǬȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ șȓȖȊȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȈȚȤ ȌȈȓȍȍ
ȚȖȑ ȟȍȘȚȣ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȉțȌȍȚ ȔȕȖȦ țȒȈȏȈȕȈ
ǷȘȐ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȔȕȖȋȖȖȉȍȡȈȦȡȍȔ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȕȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȐ ȏȈ ȟȍșȚȕȣȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ ȋȘȈȜȈ ǷȤȍȚȘȖ ȌȈ DzȖșȚȈ
— ȅȚȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȒȖȗȚșȒȖȋȖ ȧȏȣȒȈ"
— Ǫȣ ȗȘȈȊȣ ǬȖȓȎȍȕ ȊȈș ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ
ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȧȏȣȒȈ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȗȓȖȝȖȋȖ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȋȖ
ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȐȔȍȦ ȟȍșȚȤ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȚȤșȧ ș ȊȈȔȐ

29
— Ǫȣ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ șȚȘȖȋȐ Ȓ șȍȉȍ
— ǷȖȊȚȖȘȧȦ ȊȈȔ ȧ ȈȉșȖȓȦȚȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȜȈȕ Ȋ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ Ȑ
șțȌȤȉȈ ȚȈȒ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋșȍ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȖȕȈ
ȖȌȈȘȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȣ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȐȏȖȡȘȍȕȐȧ Ȋ
ȔȖȍȔ ȗȘȧȔȖȔ ȗȘȐȏȊȈȕȐȐ ǬȍȓȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȒȘțȗȕȖȋȖ
ȕȈțȟȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȧ ȐȔȍȓ șȟȈșȚȤȍ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ...
ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȖșȖȉȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȡȈȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȗȚșȒȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ — ȗȘȍȌ-
ȓȖȋ
ǷȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț Ȗȕ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȈȓșȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȔȧșȐș-
Țȣȑ ȠȈȘ ȏȈȔȍȕȧȦȡȐȑ ȍȔț ȋȖȓȖȊț ȗȖȉȈȋȘȖȊȍȓ
— ǰ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȓȖȋǷȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ șȖșȚȧȏȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȗȚșȒȖȔ ȕȈȘȍȟȐȐ
ș ȕȍȒȐȔ șȐȕȐȔ ȟțȓȒȖȔ-ȈȘȝȍȖȓȖȋȖȔ Ȋ ȦȉȒȍ ǬțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȧ
ȒȈȒ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȣȗțȚȈȦșȤ Ȑȏ ȕȍȓȖȊȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ. ǵȖ ȗȘȐ ȟȍȔ
ȚțȚ ȕȈțȟȕȖȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȍ" ǷȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȖșȓȖȎȕȧȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȏȈȐȕ-
ȚȍȘȍșȖȊȣȊȈȓȖ
ǹ Ȋȣȕțȓ Ȑȏ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ șȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȟȍȚȊȍȘȖ ȓȐșȚ ȉțȔȈ-
ȋȐ.
— ȇ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȊȈȔ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȋ șȈȓȖȕȍ ȔȈȌȈȔ ǹțȟ-
ȒȖȊȖȑ ȊȈș ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȗȖȓȐȋȓȖȚȖȔ DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ Ȕȕȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚ-
ȕȖ ȟȚȖ ǨȒȈȌȍȔȐȧ ȕȈțȒ ǷȖȘȚțȋȈȓȐȐ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȖȊȈȓȈ ȊȈș ȒȈȒ
țȟȍȕȖȋȖ-ȈȘȝȍȖȓȖȋȈ Ȑ ȟȓȍȕȈ-ȒȖȘȘȍșȗȖȕȌȍȕȚȈ ǨȒȈȌȍȔȐȐ Ȑȏ
dzȐșșȈȉȖȕȈ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊț Ȍȓȧ țșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ țȟȍȕȣȝ șȊȧȏȍȑ ș ȕȈ-
ȠȐȔȐ ȈȘȝȍȖȓȖȋȈȔȐ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț
Ǵȕȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ǷȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȥȚț ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȤ-
ȕțȦ ȔȐșșȐȦ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȓȈ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ǵȈȧȌȈ ǹțȟ-
ȒȖȊȈ ǷȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȒȈ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦȡȍȋȖ
ȏȊȈȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȕȍțȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȍȍ șȈȓȖȕȈ ǵȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌț-
ȗȘȍȌȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȗ ȔȖȍȑ ȔȐșșȐȐ Ȑ ȏȊȈȕȐȐ ȅȚȖ ȕȍȗȘȖșȚȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ. ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ, ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȔȈ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ǹ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȍȚșȧ
ȗȖ-ȒȖȗȚșȒȐ ȕȍ ȓțȟȠȍ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǹ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ
— ǪȖȚ șȗȐșȖȒ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȊ ȒȈȒȐȍ Ȋȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȚȤ
ȌȈȔȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚȤșȧ ȗȖ Țț șȚȖȘȖȕț ȌȘȈȗȐȘȖȊȒȐ.
ǪȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ Ȋȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ Ȕȕȍ ȌȈȚȤ șȓȖȊȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȕȍ șȌȍ-
ȓȈȍȚȍ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȗȖȗȣȚȖȒ ȍȍ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ

ȇ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȊȣȒ ȖȚȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȟȍșȚȕȖȔ șȓȖȊȍ ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȋ
ȚȈȒȐȝ ȧȊȕȖ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧȝ
— ǪȖȚ șȗȐșȖȒ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȗȍȘȍȊȍșȚȐ
ȕȈ ȒȖȗȚșȒȐȑ ȧȏȣȒ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȏȈȌȈȊȈȚȤ
ȥȚȖȑ ȌȈȔȍ.
ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȗȕ țȠȍȓ ȏȈ ȌȘȈȗȐȘȖȊȒț ȇ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȒȈȒ șȚțȒȕțȓȈ
ȏȈ ȌȘȈȗȐȘȖȊȒȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȇ ȉȣȓ ȖȌȐȕ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ

31
ǰǼǽǾǼǿȉ DzǼǸȀǼǾǮ ǿ«
1. DzȈȒ ȊȈȠȍ ȐȔȧ"
2. DzȚȖ ȊȈȠ ȖȚȍȞ"
3. DzȚȖ Ȋȣ"
4. ǫȌȍ Ȋȣ ȘȖȌȐȓȐșȤ"
5. ǫȌȍ Ȋȣ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȧ ȊȈș ȗȖȏȊȈȓ"
6. ǻȔȍȍȚȍ ȓȐ Ȋȣ ȗȐșȈȚȤ"
ǪșȍȋȖ ȠȍșȚȤ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȊ ǵȍȌțȘȕȈȧ ȚȍȔȈ Ȍȓȧ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ ș
ȌȈȔȖȑ Ȋ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȚȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȍșȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȈȧ ȌȈȔȈ
ǪȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȧ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȦșȤ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤșȧ ș ȕȍȑ ȉȍȏ
ȋȓțȗȣȝ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȊ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȟțȌȈȒȈ
ȇ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ.
ǷȖȓ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȒȘȣȚ ȕȍ ȒȖȊ-
ȘȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȕȍ ȓȐȕȖȓȍțȔȖȔ Ȉ ȏȈȋȓțȠȈȦȡȍȑ ȠȈȋȐ
ȥȓȈșȚȐȟȕȖȑ ȘȍȏȐȕȖȑ ǪȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ, ȖȉȖȐ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȈȝ ȖȚȓȐȊȈ-
ȓȐ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȔȍȌȕȣȔ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȖȚ-
ȉȓȍșȒȖȔ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕțȓșȧ Ȓ șȚȍȕȍ ȚȖ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ șȚȍ-
ȕȣ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȖȉȖȍȊ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣ ȚȖȕȒȐȔȐ ȓȐșȚȈȔȐ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȈ ǺȖ Ȏȍ
ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț șȌȍȓȈȕȖ ș ȌȊȍȘȤȔȐ Ȑ ș ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȊȣșȖȒȐȔ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȓȒȖȔ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȔȍȚȈȓȓ ȕȈȗȖȔȐ-
ȕȈȓ ȗȖ ȖȚȉȓȍșȒț ȔȍȌȤ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȖȉȐȊȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȖȕȒȈ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȉȣ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȒȈȦȚȍ ȉȘȖȕȍȕȖșȞȈ. ǻ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȕȈ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȍ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȗȖȋȈș șȊȍȚ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȋȓțȝȖ ȏȈȋț-
ȌȍȓȈ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȔȖȚȖȘ ǹȉȖȒț ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑȏ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȖȋȖ ȘțȗȖȘȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȓ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȍ Ȑ
șȟȐȚȈȓ ȘțȗȖȘȖȔ ȜȖȕȖȋȘȈȜȈ ȏȈȠȐȗȍȓ ȏȈȋȓțȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș
ǹ
— ǹȖȝȘȈȕȧȑȚȍ șȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȚȘȖȋȈȑȚȍșȤ ș ȔȍșȚȈ
DzȈȒ ȖȚ șȒȊȖȏȕȧȒȈ ȝȓȖȗȕțȓȐ ȏȈ ȌȘȈȗȐȘȖȊȒȖȑ ȌȊȍ ȗȖȓȖ-
ȊȐȕȒȐ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ DzȖȔȕȈȚȈ ȖșȊȍȚȐȓȈșȤ ȜȐȖȓȍȚȖȊȣȔ ȗȍȘȍȔȍ-
ȎȈȦȡȐȔșȧ șȊȍȚȖȔ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȌȘȈȗȐȘȖȊȒȐ ǹȒȊȖȏȤ ȡȍȓȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ
ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȑ ȘȍȏȐȕȖȑ țȗȈȓ ȓȐȓȖȊȣȑ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȑ ȓțȟ ǯȈȚȍȔ
ȗȍȘȍȔȍȎȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ȋțȓ ȔȖȚȖȘȈ șȔȍȕȐȓșȧ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȘȖȊȕȣȔ șȊȍȚ
ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ ȔȐȋȈȚȤ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȧ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȋȖȓȖș ǹ Ȑȏ ȘțȗȖȘȈ

32
— ǯȈȌȈȊȈȑȚȍ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ
ǸȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȧ ȉȣȓ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ ȋȓțȗȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ. ǹȒȖȘȍȍ ȧ
ȔȖȋ ȏȈȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ ȕȈ ȒȈȕȈȒșȒȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ ȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȈȘȍȟȐȐ
ȗȖȓȐȕȍȏȐȑȞȍȊ ǵȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȧ țȎȍ Ȋ Țȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȘȍȌ-
ȒȖ șȔțȡȈȓșȧ ȚȖ ȧ ȘȈșșțȌȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȑ ȧȏȣȒ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ
ȟȍȔ ȧȏȣȒ ȒȖȗȚȖȊ ȟțȎȌ ȔȖȍȔț ȌȖȘȖȋȖȔț ȝȖȏȧȐȕț ǷȖȥȚȖȔț
ȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȖȑ ȌȈȔȍ ȕȈ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȔ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ
— ǵow are you, mistress?
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȧ ǸȈȏȌȘȈȎȈȦȡȍ ȋțȌȍȓ ȔȖȚȖȘ.
ȇ ȌțȔȈȓ ȏȈȟȍȔ ȗȖȕȈȌȖȉȐȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȟȐȒ ș ȒȖȗȚșȒȖȋȖ ȧȏȣ-
ȒȈ ȗȈȞȐȍȕȚȒȍ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȋ ȓțȟȠȍȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȈȍȚ ȥȓȍȒȚ-
ȘȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȊȣȎȐȊȠȐȑ Ȑȏ țȔȈ ȊȘȈȟ"
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȧ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȕȐȏȒȐȑ ȔȍȓȖȌȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȎȍȕșȒȐȑ ȋȖ-
ȓȖș ȇ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȦ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȅȚȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȣȑ
ȋȖȓȖș ȗȓȍȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȓȍȊȈȦȡȍȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ
ȇ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ ǶȕȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȧȏȣȒȍ ȕȍ
ȗȖȝȖȎȍȔ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȍ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȗȍȘșȐȌșȒȐȑ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȚțȘȍȞ-
ȒȐȑ ǵȖ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȋțȓ ȔȖȚȖȘȈ ȧ țȓȖȊȐȓ ȚȍȔȉȘ Ȑ ȔȧȋȒȖșȚȤ ȔȍȓȖ-
ȌȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȎȍȕșȒȖȋȖ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȇ ȖȚȉȘȖșȐȓ ȌȘȈȗȐȘȖȊȒț ǺȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȕȈ ȖȌȕț șȍȒțȕȌț Ȋ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȦȡȍȔ ȜȐȖȓȍȚȖȊȖȔ ȖȚ-
ȉȓȍșȒȍ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ǵȖ Ȋ ȥȚț șȍȒțȕȌț ȧ țșȗȍȓ
ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ ȐȏȖȋȕțȚțȦ ȒȈȒ ȓțȒ ȓȐȕȐȦ ȋțȉ Ȍțȋț șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȉȘȖȊȍȑ ȟțȚȤ șȔțȋȓțȦ ȒȖȎț ȟȍȘȚȣ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȊȠȐȍ ȗȖș-
ȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈșȞȊȍȚ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖȑ ȗȖȉȍȌȖȕȖșȕȖȑ ȏȘȍȓȖȑ ȒȘȈșȖ-
Țȣ ǭȡȍ ȠȈȋ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ ȗȖȓțȠȈȋ ȧ ȖȡțȡȈȦ ȒȖȓȦȡȐȑ
ȗȘȖȕȐȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȑ Ȑ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȌȣȊȈȦȡȐȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȊȏȕȐȟȤ ȚȖȓȟȖȒ
Ȑ ȗȈȌȈȧ țȌȈȘȧȦșȤ ȏȈȚȣȓȒȖȔ Ȗ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȗȖȓ ȕȈ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ șȚțȗȐȓ
ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȋșȍ șȚȍȘȚȖ
ȇ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȓ șȍȉȧ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ ȕȈ șȒȈȔȤȍ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘȈ ȗȖȌ
ȊȓȈȎȕȣȔ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȖȔ ȚȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌțȚȘȍȕȕȍȋȖ șȕȍȋȈ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ
ȕȍ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȖȡțȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȠȐȠȒȈ ȕȈ ȏȈȚȣȓȒȍ ȧ șȟȐȚȈȓ ȉȣ
Ȋșȍ șȓțȟȐȊȠȍȍșȧ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȓȍȋȒȐȔ ȉȘȍȌȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȌȈȍȚ țȔȍ-
ȘȍȕȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȖȗȐțȔȈ șȔȍȠȈȕȕȖȍ ș ȊȐȕȖȔ ȇ ȕȈȊȍȓ
șȗȘȈȊȒȐ Ȗ ǹ Ƕȕ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȅȚȖ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȐȑ ȊȘȈȟ ȔȐȓȓȐȖ-
ȕȍȘȈ DzȖȘȏȐȕȒȐȕȈ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȈȧ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȤ

ǴȖȐȔ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȔ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧȔ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȓȈ ȔȖșȒȖȊș-
ȒȈȧ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȚȖ Ȋ ȗȖȘȚțȋȈȓȤșȒȖȔ ȋȘȈȜȍ ǷȈȉ-
ȓȖ ȌȈ DzȖșȚȈ țșȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȔȐȕșȒȖȋȖ ȍȊȘȍȧ ǷȐȕȒțșȈ DzȖșȔȈȕȈ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȓȐ ș ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȐȏȊȐ-
ȕȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȊȣșȓȈȓȐ ȏȈ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȣ ǸȖșșȐȐ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ
Ȋ  ȋȖȌț

34
ǽǾǼDzǮǰdzȄ ȀǮǷǻ Ƕ ǵǶȀȀǮ
ǰșȚȖȘȐȧ ș ȔȈȌȈȔ ǹțȟȒȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖșȚȐ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȍ
ș ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȤȦ ȗȖșȊȧȡȈȚȤ Ȋ șȊȖȐ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȌȍȓȈ
ȌȈȔ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȌȖșȚȖȑ-
ȕȣȍ ȔȍȚȖȌȣ ȌȖȉȣȊȈȕȐȧ șȘȍȌșȚȊ ǭȡȍ Ȋ ȉȐȉȓȐȖȚȍȒȍ ȔȈȌȈȔ
ǹțȟȒȖȊȖȑ ȧ ȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓșȧ ș ȔȍȔțȈȘȈȔȐ DzȈȏȈȕȖȊȣ, ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘȈ
Ȍȍ ǹȍȕȋȈȓȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȈȒȈȌȍȔȐȒȈ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȈȊȈȕȚȦȘȐȏȔȈ
ǷȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȈȊȈȕȚȦȘȐȏȔ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȒȓȈșșȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȔȍȚȖȌȈȝ ȕȍ
ȕȈȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȑ ȚȍȕȐ ȕȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȌȍȓȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȍȋȖ
șȊȖȍȑ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȍȑ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȘȐ-
Ȕȣȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ǻȉȐȑșȚȊȖ ȒȘȈȎȈ ȗȖȌȓȖȋ — ȓȦȉȖȍ țȋȖ-
ȓȖȊȕȖȍ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȐȔ Ȑ ȕȍ țȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȍȚșȧ
Ȋ șȚȈȚȤȐ țȋȖȓȖȊȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȌȍȒșȈ ȍșȓȐ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȗȖȔȍȚȒț șȍȒȘȍȚ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȈȘȝȐȊȈ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȈ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ Ȍȍȓ
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȐ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȧ ȐȔȍȓ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȚȘȍȏȊȖ ȖȉȌț-
ȔȈȚȤ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȌȊțȝ ȓȍȚ ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȕȐȧ Ȋ ȓȖȕȌȖȕșȒȖȑ ȚȦȘȤȔȍ
ǶȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȗȘȐȊȍȌȠȐȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚțȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ țȒȘȍȗȐ-
ȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȍ ȒȈȘȤȍȘȣ ǬȍȓȖ ȒȈșȈȓȖșȤ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȊȣȎȐȊ-
Ƞȍȑ Ȑȏ țȔȈ șȚȈȘțȝȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȖȉȘȍȓȈ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȉȓȐȏȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȌ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔ ȌȈȕȕȣȔ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ
șȊȖȐȔ ȕȈșȓȍȌȕȐȒȖȔ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȔȖȍ ȐȔȧ ȉȣȓȖ ǬȎȍȘȖȔ ǬȎȍȔș
ǩȘȈȑș ǵȖ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȐ șȚȈȘțȝȐ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȕȍ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȊ-
ȠȐșȤ ȖȚ ȔȣșȓȐ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȤ Ȑȝ șȍȔȤȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȔȖȍȑ ȕȈȏȊȈȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȉȈȉțȠȒȐ șțȔȍȓȐ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ șȖȔȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȔȖȐȝ ȌȖ-
ȒțȔȍȕȚȖȊ Ȑ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȚȦȘȤȔȍ ȗȖ Ȑȝ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧȔ
ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖșȚȤ ȇ ȊȣȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȚȦ-
ȘȤȔȣ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȗȧȚȐ ȓȍȚ ȉȍȏ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ȕȖ ș ȝȖȘȖȠȐȔ ȖȗȣȚȖȔ
Ǫ ȐȋȖȘȕȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ Ȕȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȗȖȓȖȎȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȔȖȐȔ ȚȊȍȘȌȣȔ ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗȈȔ ȒȈșȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȒȈȘ-
ȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȐȋȘȣ ǪșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȚȍȔ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȧ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȔ ȋȈȘȌȍ-
ȘȖȉȖȔ Ȑ ȉȈȋȈȎȖȔ ȧ ȏȈȕȧȓșȧ ȌȐȗȓȖȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȒȈȘȤȍȘȖȑ ǹ
Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ, ȒȈȒ ȔȖȧ ȕȈȘțȎȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȚȍȔȗȍȘȈȔȍȕȚ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓȐ ȉȣȚȤ
Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȖȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȧ ȐȔȍȓ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȣȑ
țșȗȍȝ ț ȎȍȕȡȐȕ șȈȔȣȝ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȒȘțȋȖȊ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ǰ
ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȍ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȍȍ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȉȣȚȤ ȉȍșȒȖȘȣșȚȕȣȔ

35
ȔȖȐȔ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ țșȗȍȝȖȔ Ȋ Ǫȍȕȍ ȧ ȖȉȧȏȈȕ țșȗȍȝț ț ȌȈȔȣ ȅȚȖ
ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȊȍȕȋȍȘȒȈ ȎȍȕȈ ȗȖȓȒȖȊ-
ȕȐȒȈ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȠȚȈȉȈ ǸȍȌȒȖȍ șȖȟȍȚȈȕȐȍ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȋȓȈȏ
ȏȖȓȖȚȣȝ ȊȖȓȖș Ȑ ȒȖȎȐ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȖȗȈȓȖȊȖȋȖ ȚȖȕȈ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ șȖ-
ȝȘȈȕȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ Ǭȓȧ ȒȖȕșȗȐȘȈȞȐȐ Ȕȣ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȓȍȚȕȍȔ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȔ ȚȍȈȚȘȐȒȍ ȋȌȍ ȉțȌțȡȐȍ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ Ȋȍ-
ȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȖ ȘȈȏȣȋȘȣȊȈȓȐ ȖȗȍȘȍȚȚȣ ǯȌȍșȤ Ȏȍ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȗȖȔȍ-
ȡȈȓșȧ șȖȔȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȖȚȍȓȤ Ȑ ȧ ȕȈ ȊșȧȒȐȑ șȓțȟȈȑ ȍȡȍ țȚ-
ȘȖȔ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓ ȏȌȍșȤ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȗȖȓȤȏțȧșȤ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ ȔȖȐȝ ȗȈ-
ȘȈȓȓȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȐȔȍȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȘȐ ȐȓȐ
ȟȍȚȣȘȍ. ǶȟȈȘȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȣ ȊȍșȍȕȕȐȍ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ
ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȔȈȕȍȊȘȈȝ Ȋ ǺȐȘȖȓȍ Ȉ Ȕȣ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȒȖȔ-
ȕȈȚȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȖȒȖȕȕȐȒȍ ȚȖȔȕȖ ȗȘȐȎȈȊȠȐșȤ ȌȘțȋ Ȓ ȌȘțȋț șȓț-
ȠȈȓȐ ȌțȥȚȣ Ȑ ȊȈȓȤșȣ ǪȕȐȏț ȏȈ șȚȖȓȐȒȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȟȐȒȐ Ȑ
Ȑȝ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȞȣ ȗȐȓȐ ȗȐȊȖ Ȑ ȗȖȌȗȍȊȈȓȐ ȈȒȚȍȘȈȔ Ǵȣ ȉȣȓȐ
ȖȌȕȐ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔȐ Ȑ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ ȗȖ Țț șȚȖȘȖȕț ǬțȕȈȧ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȖȚ
ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȚȐȚțȓȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ Ǫȍȕȣ
Ƕ ȕȈȠȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȔ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȟȐȒȍ
ȕȈ ǷȘȈȚȍȘȍ!
ȇ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ș ǯȐȚȚȖȑ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ Ȕȣ ȘȈșșȚȈȍȔșȧ ȕȈ
ȕȍȌȍȓȦ
— ǴȐȓȈȧ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȘȍȠȍȕȖ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ" ȇ ȍȌț Ȓ ȔȖȍȔț
ȌȧȌȍ ȉȈȊȈȘșȒȖȔț ȗȖșȓț ȗȘȐ șȊȧȚȍȑȠȍȔ ȗȘȍșȚȖȓȍ ȇ ȊȣȔȖ-
ȓȦ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȎȍȕȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ǯȐȚȚȍ ǷțșȚȤ ȘȈȏȊȖȌ
ȗțșȚȤ ȕȈș ȕȍ ȉțȌțȚ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȤ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ Ȋ șȊȍȚȍ ǴȖȋ Ȏȍ
ȥȘȞȋȍȘȞȖȋ ȎȍȕȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȍȕȕȖȑ Ȏȍȕȍ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ ȝȖȚȧ Ȍȓȧ
ȥȚȖȋȖ ȍȔț ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȐȔȧ ȗȘȖșȚȖȋȖ șȔȍȘȚȕȖȋȖ Ȑ
țȍȝȈȚȤ Ȋ ȦȎȕțȦ ǨȔȍȘȐȒț ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȕȍȚ țȋȓȈ ȋȌȍ
ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȑ ȗȘȐȦȚ ȌȊȖȍ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȝ"
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȍȡȍ ȔȖȓȖȌ Ȑ șȍȕȚȐȔȍȕȚȈȓȍȕ ǿȍșȚȕȖȍ șȓȖ-
ȊȖ ȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȓ ȥȚȐ ȔȖȕȖȓȖȋȐ șȖ șȓȍȏȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȔȖȧ ȓȦȉȐȔȈȧ ȌȈșȚ Ȕȕȍ ȒȓȦȟ ȖȚ ȍȍ ȌȖȔȈ ȇ
ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕț Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȈȌ ȇ ȝȖȟț ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȍȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȒț ȍȍ
șȖȒȘȖȊȍȕȕțȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȒț ȝȖȟț ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȒ ǬȊȈȎ-
Ȍȣ ȧ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒȈ ǸȍȚȓȧ ȒȈȒ ȋȖșȚȤ ȒȈȒ șȊȍȚșȒȐȑ
ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ Ȉ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȧ ȝȖȟț ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȔ Ȑ
Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȍȋȖ Ȏȍȕȣ ȒȈȒ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȒ ǷțșȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȘȖȔȈȕȚȐȟȍ-
șȒȐȑ ȒȈȗȘȐȏ ǵȖ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȔț"

36
ǶȕȈ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ Ȑ șȓȈȉȖ țȓȣȉȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȧ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ șȌȍ-
ȓȈȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ǸȍȚȓȤ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȓ
șȘȖȟȕțȦ Ȑ ȚȈȑȕțȦ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȕȈȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ
ȕȖȟȐ, Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȌȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȧ Ȋ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȕȣȑ
ȠȚȈȉ ȗȖȍȌȍȚ ș ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȎȍȕȖȑ Ȋ ȖȗȍȘț ȇ ȏȕȈȓ ȗȓȈȕ Ȑȝ ȌȖ-
ȔȈ ȧ ȏȕȈȓ ȋȌȍ ȚȈȑȕȣȑ ȧȡȐȒ ȒțȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȘȧȟȍȚ șȍȒȘȍȚȕȣȍ ȌȖ-
ȒțȔȍȕȚȣ ȠȚȈȉȈ Ȑ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ș ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȑ ȐșȒȘȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȤȦ
— ǯȐȚȚȈ Țȣ țȊȍȏȍȠȤ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȚȍȈȚȘ Ȉ ȧ ȕȍșȓȣȠȕȖ ȕȍȏȈ-
ȔȍȚȕȖ ȗȘȖȑȌț ȔȐȔȖ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚ Ȑ șȗȘȧȟțșȤ ț Țȍȉȧ ȇ ȉțȌț
ȎȌȈȚȤ Țȍȉȧ ȚȐȝȖ ȒȈȒ ȔȣȠȤ ǰ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȍȈȚȘȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ
Țȣ ȗȘȐȌȍȠȤ Țȣ ȉțȌȍȠȤ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȒȖȔ-
ȕȈȚȍ Ǩ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ ȧ țȍȌț Ȑ ȊȍȘȕțșȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȏȈ ȔȖȍȑ
ȎȍȕȖȑ ǯȐȚȚȖȑ
Ǫ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȕȧȚ ȊȈȎȕȖȑ ȈȒȈȌȍȔȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ
ȗȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȐȦ ȕȖȊȖȑ șȐșȚȍȔȣ ȠȐȜȘȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ
ȉȣȓ ȊȊȍșȚȐ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȠȚȈȉ ǵȈȌ ȥȚȖȑ șȐșȚȍȔȖȑ ȠȐȜȘȖȊ
ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ǸȍȚȓȤ Ȑ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȈȚȚȈȠȍ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȑ ȌȘțȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȣ ȉȣȓ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȕ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȖȑ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒȈ ǸȍȚȓȧ ǴȖȑ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȌȘțȋ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȈȚȚȈ-
Ƞȍ ȕȍ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȚȍȘȧȓ ȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȌȊțȝ ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ
ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȖȟȤȦ ȧ ȉțȌț Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒȈ ǸȍȚȓȧ ȧ șȒȖȗȐ-
ȘțȦ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȑ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȠȐȜȘ «ǰȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘ DzȈȘȓ» ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȑ ȚȖȟȈȚ ȏțȉȣ ȠȗȐȖȕȣ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊ Ǫȍȕȣ
ǩȍȌȕȈȧ ǯȐȚȚȈ ǩȍȌȕȣȑ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ǸȍȚȓȤ Ǫșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȌț-
ȔȈȕȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȓȖȊȒȖ Ȑ șȍȘȐȧ ȖȚȔȣȟȍȒ Ȑ ȚȖȟȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȕ ȌȖ-
ȔȈ Ȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȞȣ ǯȐȚȚȣ.
Ǫ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȒȖȗȕȧ «ǰȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ DzȈȘȓȈ» ȉȣȓȈ
ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ Ǵȕȍ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ ȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȔȐȓȈȧ ǯȐȚȚȈ
ȕȍ ȕȈȠȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȔȐȓȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȒȍ
ǿȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ" ǺȈȒȖȊȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓșȧ ǫȍȕȘȐȝ ȜȖȕ ǪȈȓȤ
ǬȖȎȌȤ ǻȚȘȖ ǹȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȍ șȊȖȌȣ ȊȖȒȏȈȓȈ Ȋ Ǫȍȕȍ ǷȖȍȏ-
ȌȈ ȕȈ ȗțȚȧȝ dzȍȚȈȦȡȐȍ ȜȈȓȌȣ ȜȘȈȒȖȊ ȒȍȓȤȕȍȘȖȊ ǪȣșȖȒȐȍ
ȒȍȗȐ ȒȖȕȌțȒȚȖȘȖȊ ȚȘțȉȒȐ Ȑ ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȖȕȕȣȍ ȉȈȒȐ ǼȘȈȕȞȈ-
ǰȖșȐȜȈ
ǷȘȖȡȈȑȚȍ
Ǫ ȗțȚȤ

ȇ ȕȍ șȚȈȕț ȗȍȘȍȟȐșȓȧȚȤ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ țșȗȍȝȖȊ Ȑ ȕȍțȌȈȟ ǻȎȍ ȚȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȘȈȏȕȐȞț ȔȍȎȌț ȖȘȌȐȕȈȘȕȣȔ ȠȗȐȖȕșȚȊȖȔ Ȑ ȚȈȑ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȏȈȌȈȕȐȧȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ țȌȖșȚȈȐȊȈȦȚ
ȐȏȉȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȇ ȕȍ șȊȧȏȣȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ș ȖȌȕȖȑ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȊȖȑ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ șȈȔȣȑ ȌȖȉȘȖșȖȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ
ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȊ ȊȈș ȗȖșȚȈȘȈȍȚșȧ ȐȏȉȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȕȍțȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ șȊȐ-
ȌȍȚȍȓȧ DzȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȐȚ ȉȍȌȕȖȋȖ ȉȈȘȖȕȈ ȜȖȕ ǹȚȖȓȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ
ȞȈȘșȒȖȍ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȖ ȗȖșȓȈȓȖ Ȋ ȓȖȊțȠȒț ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ
ȉȣȓ ȊȣȎȈȚ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȓȐȔȖȕ ȕȈȌ ȗțȕȠȍȊȖȑ ȟȈȠȍȑ? ǩȍȌȕȣȑ șȚȈ-
ȘȐȒ țȔȍȘ Ȋ ȞȐȚȈȌȍȓȐ ȗȘȐ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȝ șȔțȚȕȖ ȏȈșȚȈȊ-
ȓȧȦȡȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȚȤ șȈȔȖțȉȐȑșȚȊȖ ȇ Ȏȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ
ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȚȤ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊțȦ ȗȖȓȤȏț ȌȊțȔ ȐȓȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȔ ȊȏȈȐȔ-
ȕȖ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȈȔ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈ-
ȏȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȒȈȎȌȈȧ Ȑȏ ȌȍȘȎȈȊ șȟȐȚȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȖȗȈșȕȣȔ
Ȍȓȧ șȍȉȧ ȟȍȔ Ȍȓȧ șȖȗȍȘȕȐȞȣ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȊȖȏȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ Ȋ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍȘȊȣ Ȑ țȔ ȕȈȗȘȧȋȈȦȚșȧ ȉȍȏ ȖșȖ-
ȉȖȋȖ ȚȘțȌȈ ȗȖȒȈ ȔțșȒțȓȣ Ȑ ȋȓȈȏȖȔȍȘ ȖȉȍȘȍȋȈȦȚ ȊȈș ȖȚ ȗȘȐ-
ȔȍȕȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȌȐȗȓȖȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȘȐȍȔȖȊ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȌȖȗț-
șȒȈȍȔȣȝ Ȋ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȍ ȌȍȘȎȈȊ. ǨȗȖȋȍȍȔ ȔȖȍȑ ȒȈȘȤȍȘȣ ȧ șȟȐ-
ȚȈȦ ȌȍȓȖ ǫȖȓțȉȖȑ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȐ Ƕ ȕȍȔ șȚȖȐȚ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ
ȅȚȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȖșȤ ȊȍșȕȖȑ ț ȟȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȒȈ ȕȈ ȧȝȚȍ «ȅȓȐ-
ȏȈ» ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȋȍȘȞȖȋț ǵȥȘȐ ȔȖȍȔț ȒȖȓȓȍȋȍ
ȗȖ Ȓȓțȉț «ȌȐȒȐȝ».

38
DzdzǹǼ DZǼǹȁǯǼǷ ǾdzǿǽȁǯǹǶǸǶ
ǫȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȔț Țȍȓț
ǵȍ Ȋșȍ ȍȋȖ ȜțȕȒȞȐȐ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȣ ǵȍȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ șȒȘȣȊȈȚȤ
ǨȕȈȚȖȓȤ ǼȘȈȕș
ǫȍȘȞȖȋ ǵȥȘȐ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȕ ȕȈ ȓȖȘȌȍ ǩȈȑȘȖȕȍ DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖ-
ȋȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȗȓȈȚȐȓ ȌȖȓȋȖȊ Ȑ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȐȔ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȍ
Ǫ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȠȍșȚȐ ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ Ȕȣ ȠȈȚȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȖȒȍȈȕț ȗȖȒȈ ȞȐ-
ȒȓȖȕ ȕȈș ȕȍ ȏȈȋȕȈȓ Ȋ ȉțȝȚț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖȘȚȖȔ ȅȓȤ-
ǨȏȘȈȒ ǫȖȓțȉȖȑ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȐ ȇ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȖ ȗȖȔȕȦ țȚȘȖ ȗȖș-
ȓȍ ȞȐȒȓȖȕȈ ǶȚ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȖȓȖșȣ ȔȖȓȈ ȗȖȓțȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȍȑ
ȘȍȑȌ ȐȌțȚ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȝ ȊȈȓȈ ș ȎȍȓȚȖ-ȗȍȕȕȣȔȐ
ȋȘȐȊȈȔȐ ǻȏȒȈȧ ȓȍȕȚȈ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȎȕȖȑ ș ȕȐȏȒȐȔȐ ȉȍȓȣȔȐ ȏȌȈ-
ȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȗȈȓȤȔȖȊȣȔȐ șȚȊȖȓȈȔȐ ȔȍȎȌț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȊȏȓȍȚȈȦȚ
ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȜȖȕȚȈȕȣ ȊȖȓȐ ȏȈȝȓȍșȚȣȊȈȦȡȐȝ ȗȈȘȈȗȍȚ ǺȘȖȗȐ-
ȟȍșȒȖȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȎȎȍȚ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȔȖȒȘȣȍ ȗȓȐȚȣ Ȑ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ
ȕȈșȟȐȚȣȊȈȦȡȐȔ ȌȊȍ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȒȈȒ țȋȖȓȤ ȎȐȚȍȓȍȑ
șȖȓȍȕȈȧ ȚȍȗȓȈȧ ȊȓȈȎȕȖșȚȤ ǴȐȔȖ ȗȘȐȎȈȊȠȐȝșȧ Ȓ ȔȖȓț ȓȖ-
ȌȖȒ ȧȝȚȈ ©ȅȓȐȏȈª ȐȌȍȚ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȧșȤ Ȑ ȗȈȌȈȧ Ȋ ȊȖȓȕȣ ǹȐȓȤ-
ȕȈȧ ȏȣȉȤ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȒȖȘȔț ȏȈȚȍȔ ȕȖș Ȑ
țȉȍȋȈȍȚ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȏȖȘȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȗ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȎȕțȦ ȘȧȌȖȔ
ȗȍȕȕȣȝ ȜȖȕȚȈȕȖȊ
ǷȖȔȕȦ ȧ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ ȘțȉȒȍ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȠȍșȚȐȔȍ-
șȧȟȕȈȧ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȈ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȊȣșȖȒȐȝ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȐȚȍȓȍȑ
ȏȈȉȣȚȤ ȖȉȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȖșȚȘȖțȔȕȖȔ Ȑ
ȓȍȋȒȖȔ ȗȖȌȊȐȋȍ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȉțȌțȚ ȗȐșȈȚȤ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȌȊțȝ ȕȍ-
ȌȍȓȤ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȈȝ ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȋȈȏȍȚ
ǷȖȘȚ ȅȓȤ-ǨȏȘȈȒ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐ-
ȒȐ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȡȍȑ ȒȈțȟțȒ ȖȌȕȖȔț ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊț ȕȈ ȒȖȕȚȐȕȍȕ-
Țȍ ǸȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȈ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȓȈșȤ ȠȍșȚȤȦ ȚțȏȍȔȞȈȔȐ Ȋ ȖȚȓȐȟȐȍ
ȖȚ ȗȘȖȟȐȝ ȐȔȍȦȡȐȔȐ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȠȚȈȕȣ ș ȋȖȓțȉȣȔȐ ȓȈȔȗȈșȈ-
ȔȐ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ Ȍȍȓ ȗȘȐȠȍȌȠȐȑ ȕȈș

39
ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓ ȥȚȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȚțȈȓȍȚȈ Ȑ ȉȣȓ ȖȌȍȚ Ȋ
ȗȖȓȖșȈȚțȦ șȖȘȖȟȒț Ȑ ȞȐȓȐȕȌȘ ǵȈȌȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȖȌȍȊȈȓșȧ ȔȍșȚȕȣȑ ȌȐȗȓȖȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȒȖȘȗțș
— ȌȊȈ ȒȖȕșțȓȈ Ȑ ȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚ ȒȖȕȚȐȕȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȣ DzȓȐ-
ȔȈȚ ȌȐȒȚȖȊȈȓ ȗȘȐșțȡȐȍ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȌȐȗȓȖȔȈ-
ȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȥȚȐȒȍȚȈ ǵȈ ȈțȌȐȍȕȞȐȐ ț ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȧ șȖȊȍȚȈ ȔȐ-
ȕȐșȚȘȖȊ ȕȈȔ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓȐ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȕțȦ ȔȍȉȍȓȤ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊ-
ȓȧȊȠțȦ șȖȉȖȑ șȚțȓ Ȋ șȐȌȍȕȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȊȌȍȓȈȕ ȎȍșȚȧ-
ȕȖȑ ȚȈȏ ș ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ ȊȖȌȖȑ ǷȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȉȍșȍȌȈ Ȋ ȏȌȍ-
ȠȕȍȔ ȒȓȐȔȈȚȍ șȖȗȘȧȎȍȕȈ ș șȐȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖ ȗȖȧș Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ
ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ șȟȐȚȈȍȚȍ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȔȣȑ ȔȕȖȑ ȜȈȒȚ ȋȐȗȍȘȉȖȓȖȑ
ȧ ȖȚșȣȓȈȦ ȊȈș Ȓ ȒȕȐȋȍ ȋ ǷȍȘȖȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȣȓ ȊȖșȍȔȕȈȌ-
ȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȒȖȕșțȓȖȔ Ȋ ǩȈșȘȍ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȍȊȍȘȕȖȔ
ȈȘȈȊȐȑșȒȖȔ ȗȖȉȍȘȍȎȤȍ.
ǬȈȎȍ Ȋ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȏȕȈȚȕȖȋȖ ȚțȘȐșȚȈ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȓ șȊȖȍȑ
ȖșȕȖȊȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȐ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȧ Ǵȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ
țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȜȈȒȚ ȟȚȖ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȣ ǫȖȓțȉȖȑ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȐ ȕȈȝȖ-
ȌȧȚșȧ ȕȈ ȎȈȓȖȊȈȕȐȐ ț ȗȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚȈ ȒȖȕȚȐȕȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȌȍȘȎȈ-
ȊȐ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣ ȐȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ, ȟȚȖ Ȋ ǫȖ-
ȓțȉȖȑ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȍ ȐȔȍȦȚșȧ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖșȣȓȒȐ Ȍȓȧ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȘȖȚȈ ǷȖșȓȍ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȊȍșȍȓȖȋȖ țȎȐȕȈ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț
«ȅȓȐȏȣ» ȧ ȗȖșȓȈȓ ȠȐȜȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ ȘȈȌȐȖ ȔȖȍȔț ȌȘțȋț ȠȍȜț
șȍȒȘȍȚȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȗȈȘȚȈȔȍȕȚȍ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȈ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȧ ȉȣȓ Ȋ
ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȊȧȏȈȕ ǫȖȓțȉȈȧ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȈ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȈ ȏȈȍȔ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȘȍȈȓȐȏȖȊȈȓ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȕȈ ȉȖȘȚț ©ȅȓȐȏȣ».
ǰ țȚȘȖȔ ȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚ ȒȖȕȚȐȕȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȣ țȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȒȈ-
ȉȐȕȍȚ ȗȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȈȘȓȈȔȍȕȚ ǫȖȓțȉȖȑ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȐ șȖȘȖȒ Țț-
ȏȍȔȞȍȊ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦȡȐȝ ȠȚȈȕȖȊ Ȑ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȡȐȝșȧ Ȋ ȘȖȌ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧȝ ș ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȖȔ
 ȘȈșȚȖȘȋȈȍȚ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘ ș
ȒȖȕȚȐȕȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȖȑ ǹȖȉȣȚȐȧ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ș ȒȐȕȍ-
ȔȈȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖșȚȤȦ ǵȈ ȗȧȚȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ țȚȘȖȔ ȕȈ
ȘȍȑȌȍ ȅȓȤ-ǨȏȘȈȒȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȧȒȖȘȤ ȒȖȕȚȘȔȐȕȖȕȖșȍȞ «ǫȘȐȜ»
ȒȖȕȚȐȕȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȣ ǵȖ Ȓ ȊȍȟȍȘț Ȕȣ țȎȍ ȐȔȍȓȐ ȏȌȍșȤ
Ȏȍ ȚȘȍȝȚȘțȉȕȣȑ ȒȘȍȑșȍȘ «ǷȈȕȚȍȘȈª ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȣ Ȗ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ ȊȣȠȍ ǸȈȌȐȖ ȗȘȧȔȣȍ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȣ ȚȍȓȍȜȖ-
ȕȣ ȉȐȘȎȈ ȉȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȒȍ ȎȍșȚȖȟȈȑȠȍȑ ȔȈȓȧȘȐȐ ǬȊȍ
ȥșȒȈȌȘȣ șȗȍȠȐȓȐ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋȈȔ ǫȖȓțȉȖȑ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȐ ǰ Ȋ ȚȖȚ
ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȉȍȌȈ Ȋ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ ȏȈ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȧ-

ȓȈșȤ ȒȈȓȐȉȘȖȔ ȌȈȓȤȕȖȉȖȑȕȣȝ ȗțȠȍȒ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȣ-șȖȗȍȘȕȐȞȣ ș
ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐ ȜȈȒȚ ȗȖȓȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȍȏȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ
ȗȖȉȍȘȍȎȤȧ ǴȐȕȐșȚȘȣ ȗȈȘȓȈȔȍȕȚ ȌȊȍ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȚțȏȍȔȞȍȊ ȕȍ
ȖȞȍȕȐȊ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈ țȠȓȐ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑ-
ȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȕȈ ȠȍșȚȤȌȍșȧȚ ȒȐȓȖȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȊȋȓțȉȤ șȚȘȈȕȣ ǪȣȉȖ-
Șȣ Ȋ ȗȈȘȓȈȔȍȕȚ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ țșȐȓȍȕȕȖ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȣȊȈȓȈ ȒȖȕȚȐ-
ȕȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȈ ȕȍ șȖșȚȖȧȓȐșȤ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȌȐȗȓȖȔȈȚȣ ȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȊ-șȖȗȍȘȗȐȞ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍ ȊȣȠȓȐ Ȑȏ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȐșȝȖȌȈ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȅȓȤ-ǨȏȘȈȒȈ ț ȌȊțȝ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȒȖȕșțȓȖȊ
ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȝȐȡȍȕȈ ȔȍȓȒȈȧ țȚȊȈȘȤ Ȑ țȠȐȉȓȍȕȈ ȒȈȔȕȍȔ ȈȕȋȖȘ-
șȒȈȧ ȒȖȠȒȈ ȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚȈ ǪȖȍȕȕȣȍ șțȌȈ ȥȊȈȒțȐȘȖȊȈȓȐ ȌȐȗȓȖ-
ȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȒȖȘȗțș Ȑ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕțȦ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȦ Ȑ ȖȉșȚȘȍȓȧȓȐ
ȉȍȘȍȋ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȥȒȏȍȒțȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȔȍȘȣ
 ǵȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȒȖȕȟȐȓȖșȤ
ȌȍȓȖ ǫȖȓțȉȖȑ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȐ ǰ ȝȖȚȧ ȔȖȐ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȣ ȕȍ țȒȘȈ-
ȠȈȓȕ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ șȚȘȈȕȐȞ ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȎțȘȕȈȓȖȊ ȕȖ ȔȖȐ
ȒȖȓȓȍȋȐ Ȑ ȚȈȑȕȣȍ ȌȍȗȈȘȚȈȔȍȕȚȣ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊ ȐȕȖ-
șȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ Ȍȍȓ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ țȊȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȚȕȍșȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȔȖȐȔ șȗȖ-
șȖȉȕȖșȚȧȔ ǹȈȔȖȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋ
ȥȚȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȖȚ ȐȔȍȕȐ ȌȊțȝ ȌȍȘȎȈȊ șȘȈȏț ǷȖ
ȌȐȘȍȒȚȐȊȈȔ ȖȒȍȈȕșȒȖȑ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȣ ȧ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȐȚȤ ȍȍ
ȊȓȐȧȕȐȦ ǫȖȓțȉțȦ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒț Ȑ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȖ ȌȐȘȍȒ-
ȚȐȊȈȔ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȣ ȒȖȕȚȐȕȍȕȚȈ ȧ șȗȘȖȊȖȞȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȐȕȞȐȌȍȕȚ,
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȌȈȚȤ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȥȚȖȑ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȍ ȌȍȠȍȊȖ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍșȚȐ
ȞȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉȐȘȎȍȊȖȑ ȗȈȕȐȒȐ

41
ǾǮǵǼȅǮǾǼǰǮǻǶȍ
ǵȈȌȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȕȐȔȈ-
ȓȈ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȔȐȘȕȣȍ ȥȗȖȝȐ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ǷȖ șț-
ȡȍșȚȊț ȥȚȖ ȟȐșȚȖ ȗȈȞȐȜȐșȚșȒȈȧ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȑ
șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȖșȓȈȉȓȧȦȡȈȧ ȔȐȓȐȚȈȘȐȏȔ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȝ ȌȍȘȎȈȊ Ǫ ȔȐȘ-
ȕȣȍ ȥȗȖȝȐ ȧ Ȑ ȔȖȐ ȒȖȓȓȍȋȐ ȐȔȍȓȐ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤ-
ȕȖȋȖ Ȑ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖȋȖ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȗȖȓȐȚȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ șȍȒȘȍȚȖȊ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊ ȅȓȍ-
ȔȍȕȚ ȘȐșȒȈ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȓșȧ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ Ȋ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ȉȣȚȤ
ȌȍȠȐȜȘȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ ȒȈȒ ȈȋȍȕȚ ȌȈȕȕȖȑ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȣ Ȑ ȊȖȏȔȖȎ-
ȕȖșȚȐ ȉȣȚȤ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȕȕȣȔ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ șȘȖȒ Ȋ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȐ Ǫ ȘȍȌȒȐȝ șȓțȟȈȧȝ ȌȍȓȖ
ȔȖȋȓȖ ȖșȓȖȎȕȐȚȤșȧ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȐșȟȍȏȕȖȊȍȕȐȍȔ ȏȈșȚȈȊ-
ȓȧȦȡȐȔ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȚȤ șȈȔȣȑ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȒȖȕȍȞ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȧ
ș ȚȧȎȍȓȣȔ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȊȖȑȕț Ȑ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȍȘȍȕȍș
șȊȖȦ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ șȚȖȓȐȞț ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȕȍȑȚȘȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȊ ǴȖȐ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȈȏțȔȕȣȍ ȌȘțȏȤȧ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ șȊȖȐ
ȚȈȓȈȕȚȣ Ȑ ȊșȍȔȐȘȕțȦ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȓȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȚȘȈȋȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐ ǺȈȒ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȑ ǼȐȚȞȌȎȍȘȈȓȤȌ Ȋ șȊȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȖ-
șȓȈȊȐȊȠȐȑșȧ ȊȣȍȔȒȖȑ ȋȖȌȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȒȓȈȌȈ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȈȚȚȈȠȍ
ȒȖȕȟȐȓ șȊȖȐ ȌȕȐ ȕȈ ȈȘȚȐȓȓȍȘȐȑșȒȖȔ ȗȖȓȐȋȖȕȍ ȉȓȐȏ ǩȍȘ-
ȓȐȕȈ ǵȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖ ȒȖȕȟȐȓ șȊȖȐ ȌȕȐ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ ȔȖȑ
ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȒȖȓȓȍȋȈ — ȐșȗȈȕșȒȈȧ ȚȈȕȞȖȊȡȐȞȈ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȊ-
ȠȈȧ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȣȔ țȔȖȔ Ȑ ȚȍȓȖȔ
Ǫ ȕȍȑȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȑ șȚȖȓȐȞȍ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȓșȧ
ȘȣȕȖȒ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ ǪȖȍȕȕȈȧ Ȉȋȍȕ-
ȚțȘȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ Ȋ ȔȐȘȕȣȍ ȥȗȖȝȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȚȘȈșȓȤȦ ȌȐȗȓȖȔȈȚȐȐ
ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ ȗȓȈȕȍ Ǫ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȊȖșȍȔȤ ȓȍȚ ȧ ȗȈȞȐ-
ȜȐșȚ ȗȖ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȐȦ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ șȍșȚȤ ȏȈ țȟȍȉȕȐȒȐ ȚȈȒȚȐȒȐ Ȑ
șȚȘȈȚȍȋȐȐ șȖȗȖșȚȈȊȓȧȚȤ șȊȖȌȒȐ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕȣȝ ȈȋȍȕȚșȚȊ Ȑ șț-
ȔȍȚȤ țȓȖȊȐȚȤ ȐșȚȐȕț Ȋ ȌȊțȝ șȈȔȣȝ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȣȝ ȊȖȍȕ-
ȕȐȝ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȧȝ ǹȈȔȣȑ șȖȔȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȒȖ-
ȗȐȐ ȗȖșȓțȎȕȖȋȖ șȗȐșȒȈ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȈ ȐȓȐ ȋȍȕȍȈȓȖȋȐ-
ȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȌȘȍȊȈ ȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȕȞȈ ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȍȋȖ ȒȖȘȗț-
șȖȔ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓ șȉȣȚ. ǷȖȓȕȖȞȍȕȕȖȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ ȉȘȣȏȎȍȚ ȎȐȊȖȚȊȖ-

42
ȘȧȡȐȔ ȗȖȚȖȒȖȔ Ȑ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȑ ȉȍ-
ȏȖȉȓȈȟȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖșȚȐ ǬȈȎȍ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȊȓȍȒȈȍȚ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ
ȕȍȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȏȈ ȏȣȉȒȐȔ ȔȖȓȖȔ ȗȖ Țț șȚȖȘȖȕț ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȋȖ — ȞȐȒȓȖȕ ǴȍȓȈȕȝȖȓȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ
ȗȘȐțȟȍȕȣ ȏȈȒȖȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȉȣȚȖȔ Ȓ șȈȔȖȔț ȖȘȌȐȕȈȘȕȖȔț ȖȉȘȈ-
ȏț ȎȐȏȕȐ ǰȔȗȖȘȚȕȣȑ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚ șȖșȚȖȧȓ Ȑȏ ȒȖȒȖȚȖȒ Ȑ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕ ȚȈȒ ȐȓȐ ȐȕȈȟȍ șȖȗȘȐȒȈșȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ș ȔȖȍȑ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȍȑ.
Ǻȍ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ ȖșȖȉȖȋȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȈ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǹȊȍȚșȒȐȍ ȌȈȔȣ ȊȣȑȌȧ Ȑȏ ȈȚȔȖșȜȍȘȣ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȊȗȈȌȈȓȐ Ȋ ȕȍ-
ȗȘȐȧȚȕțȦ ȐșȚȍȘȐȟȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȐȏȓȐȠȕȐȑ ȚȘȈȋȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȖȘȋȐȈȏȔ
ǮȐȏȕȤ Ȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȈȓȐ ȕȍȕțȎȕțȦ șȓȖȎȕȖșȚȤ șȓȐȠ-
ȒȖȔ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȘȊȣ Ȑ Ȋ ȥȚȐ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȋȖȌȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȚȈ-
Șȍȓ țȚȘȖȍȕȕȣȔ ȚȍȔȗȖȔ Dz ȒȖȕȞț ȊȖȑȕȣ ȧ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȓȧȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ș ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȖȑ ȜȐȋțȘȖȑ ș ȘȈșȗȖȓȈȋȈȦ-
ȡȐȔȐ Ȓ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȦ șȍȌȣȔȐ ȊȐșȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȣȔ ȥȕȍȘ-
ȋȐȟȕȣȔ ȗȘȖȜȐȓȍȔ ǴȖȑ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȑ ȖȉȘȈȏ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌȈȓ
ȔȖȍȑ ȕȈȘțȎȕȖșȚȐ ȚȐȗȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȟȍȘȚ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȎȐȊȠȍȋȖ șȕȖ-
ȉȈ Ȉ ȖȚȓȖȎȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȔȐ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȚȍȕȧȔȐ
ȉȈȑȘȖȕȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șȚȐȓȧ ȇ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȝȖȎ ȕȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȗȍȘȍȕȍș-
ȠȍȋȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȋȖȘȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȎȐȚȤ Ȑȏ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚ-
ȊȈ Ȓ ȚȍȔ ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȐȧȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȕȕȍ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȐȕȍșȍȚ șțȌȤȉȈ
ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȧ ȟȈșȚȖ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓșȧ ȚȘȈțȘȕȖȑ ȗȖȊȧȏȒȖȑ ȕȈ ȘțȒȈ-
Ȋȍ ȅȚȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ ȕȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ Ȍȍ-
ȊțȠȍȒ Ȑ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȓȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȍ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȔȖȐȝ ȒȓȐȍȕ-
ȚȖȊ ǶȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ ȧ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓșȧ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒȖȔ ȈȘȔȐȐ ǹȖȍȌȐ-
ȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȠȚȈȚȖȊ ǸȖȉȍȘȚȖȔ ǨȑȘȚȖȕȖȔ ǷȖșȓȍ ȊșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ǨȔȍ-
ȘȐȒȐ Ȋ ȊȖȑȕț Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȐȚȤ ȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȞȐȦ Ȑ ȐȔȧ
ǵȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȍ ȘȈȏȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȕȍș Ȕȕȍ ȔȐȘ Ǫ ȚȖ
ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ ȊȏȌȖȘȕȣȍ ȕȖȎȕȐȞȣ ȊȣȒȘȈȐȊȈȓȐ Ȑȏ șȚȈȘȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȣ
ǭȊȘȖȗȣ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ Ȑ ȌȖȝȖȌȕȣȍ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȋȖșțȌȈȘ-
șȚȊȈ ȧ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ Ȋ ǹȈȕ-ǹȍȉȈșȚȐȈȕȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖȔȍ-
ȠȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ șȚȈȚȤ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȖȔ ǷțșȚȤ ȧ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȗȘȍțȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȦ
ȕȖ ȘȈȏȊȍ ș ȔȖȐȔ ȖȗȣȚȖȔ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȏȈȕȧȚȤ ȗȖșȚ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ-Ȑȕș-
ȗȍȒȚȖȘȈ Ȋ ȓȦȉȖȔ ȕȖȊȖȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȖȔ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍ" ǰ ȘȈȏȊȍ Ȋ
ȘȈșȞȊȍȚȍ Ȍȕȍȑ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȘȖȚ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȘȐȕȍșȚȐ ȌȐȒ-
ȚȈȚțȘȣ ȗȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚșȚȊȈ șȓȈȊȣ Ȑ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȖȊ Ȋ ȊȐȚȘȐȕȈȝ ȔȍȎ-
Ȍț ȈȓȤȉȖȔȈȔȐ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȝ ȗȐșȍȔ Ȑ ȘȍȏȐȕȖȊȣȔȐ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎ-
ȕȖșȚȧȔȐ?

ǪșȍȋȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȧ ȓȐȠȐȓșȧ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖșȚȤ
Ȑ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ șȈȔȣȑ ȖȗȣȚȕȣȑ
ȌȍȚȍȒȚȐȊ ȇ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȦ ȍȍ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȐȎț Ȋ ȏȍȘȒȈ-
ȓȖ ȠȘȈȔ ȕȈȌ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȉȘȖȊȤȦ șȓȍȌ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȔȖȕȖȒȓȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȖȕȈ ȘȈȏȉȐȓȈ țȌȈȘȖȔ șȔțȋȓȖȋȖ Ȑ ȒȘȍȗȒȖȋȖ ȒțȓȈȒȈ
ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȑȏ ǹȈȕ-ǹȍȉȈșȚȤȧȕȖ. . . . . . . .

44
ǿȀǾǮǻǶȄǮ ǻdz DzǼǽǶǿǮǻǮ. ǻǮ ǼǯǼǾǼȀdz
ȇ ȕȈȟȐȕȧȦ ȗȖȓȕȍȚȤ ȅȚȖ ȉȍșșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ
Ȋ ȚȐȝȖȔ ȖȚȍȓȍ Ȋ ȀȊȍȑȞȈȘȐȐ ȌȖȊȍȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖ ȔȍȔțȈȘȖȊ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ ȧ ȗȐȠț ȗȖ țȚȘȈȔ ȒȈȒ ȖȚșȚȈȊȕȖȑ șȈȕȖȊȕȐȒ ȖȉȐȎȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȌȊȖȘȖȔ ȕȖ ș șȍȋȖȌȕȧȠȕȍȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȔȍȓȈȕȝȖȓȐȟȍș-
ȒȖȔț ȗȘȖȏȧȉȈȕȐȦ Ȋ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȐ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȒȐ ȌȊțȝ ȐȕȚȘȐȋ — ȓȦ-
ȉȖȊȕȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ǩȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȊȖȏȔțȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȕȍȉȘȍȎ-
ȕȖșȚȤȦ șțȌȤȉȣ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȧ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȉȍȏ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȑ,
șȈȔȣȝ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ Ȑ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ ȔȖȍȑ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ. ǪȟȍȘȈ ȏȈ ȚȈȉȓȤȌȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ ȗȈȘȈ ȔȍȓȈȕ-
ȝȖȓȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȌȍȋȍȕȍȘȈȚȐȊȕȣȑ ȦȕȖȠȈ Ȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ.
ǬȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȉȍȋȈȧ ȔȖȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ
țȔȖșȚȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȠȍșȚȐ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȈȝ ȐșȗȐ-
șȈȕȕȣȝ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȔȍȓȒȐȔ ȗȖȟȍȘȒȖȔ ȧ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ȑ ȏȈȗȐșȈȓ
șȒȖȘȍȍ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȟȍȔ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ șȓțȟȈȑ ș ȒȖȗȚș-
ȒȖȑ ȋȘȈȔȔȈȚȐȒȖȑ Ȑ ȗȈȞȐȍȕȚȒȖȑ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȊȘȈȟȈ ǹ Ǵȕȍ
șȚȖȐȓȖ ȚȘțȌȈ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȐȑ ȗȍȘȍțȓȖȒ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍ-
șȒțȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȒȖȊȍȘ-ȐȏȖȓȧȚȖȘ ȒȖȓȍȉȓȦȡȐȑșȧ șȊȍȚ Ȑ ȓȐȞȖ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ — ȐȏȖȋȕțȚțȦ ȒȈȒ ȓțȒ ȓȐȕȐȦ ȋțȉ Ȍțȋț ȉȘȖȊȍȑ Ȑ
ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȕȍȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȒȘȈșȖȚț ǴȖȋ ȓȐ ȧ ȗȖȌț-
ȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȚȘȐ ȋȖȌȈ Ȋ ȖȚȍȓȍ «ȀȐȓȤȖȕ» Ȋ
ȀȊȍȑȞȈȘȐȐ ȏȈ ȗȘȖȏȈȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȚȈȉȓȤȌȖȚȖȔ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȉȘȖȌȧ-
ȟȐȔȐ șȗȖȘȚșȔȍȕȈȔȐ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȐșȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȥȔȐȋȘȈȕȚ-
șȒȖȑ șȍȔȤȍȑ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȔ ȒȖșȚȦȔȍ ȧ țȊȐȎț
ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȑ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȑ ȘȈșșțȌȖȒ ǹȓțȟȈȑ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ
— ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȕțȠȈȦȡȐȑ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȍ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ
ǵȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȊȍȘȦ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ǷȘȧȔȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ Ȕȍȕȧ șȐȌȐȚ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕȈ ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ șȔȖȚȘȦ Ȋ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȒȖȓȍȉȓȦȡȐȑșȧ
șȊȍȚ Ȑ Ȋ ȜȐȖȓȍȚȖȊȖȔ ȖȚȉȓȍșȒȍ ȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȊȐȎț Țț ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ
ȊȐȌȍȓ ț ǹ
ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȕȈȑȚȐ ȕțȎȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ Ǵȕȍ șȖȘȖȒ ȠȍșȚȤ ȓȍȚ ǹ
ȟȍȚȣȘȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȓȍȚ ȧ ȏȕȈȓ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȚȘȍȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ
ȘȍȒȖȘȌ țșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȌȖȕ ǮțȈȕȖȔ Ȍȍ ǴȈȘȈȕȤȧ
 ǵȖ Ȋșȍ

ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ — ȕȐȟȚȖ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȟȐșȚȣȔ ȗȘȖȜȐȓȍȔ ș
ȥȚȐȔȐ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȔȐ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȋȖȊȈȚȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȚȍȔȕȣȔȐ Ȍț-
ȋȈȔȐ ȘȍșȕȐȞ ǷȘȖȗȖȘȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȜȖȘȔ ȥȚȐ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȕȖȋȐ
— ȉȍȏțȒȖȘȐȏȕȍȑȠȈȧ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȧ ȋȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȔȈșȚȍȘȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȑ ȕȈȠȍȓ ȐȌȍȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȎȍȕșȒȐȑ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ ȇ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȦ ȟȚȖ
ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓȖ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȖȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚ-
ȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȐȔȍȓȐ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȍȍ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ǰ
ȥȚȖ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȧ ȐșȗȣȚȈȓ ț ǹ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȚȍȘȧȧ șȖ-
ȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȌȘțȋțȦ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȔȐȕȖȊȈȓȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȍ șȊȖ-
Ȍȧȡȍȍ ș țȔȈ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȟȚȖ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȦȚ
ȥȚȐ ȌȊȈ ȓȐȞȈ ȇ ȉȣ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȔȈȚȤ Ȑ ȌȖȟȤ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ
ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖȍ șȝȖȌșȚȊȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖȍ ȌȈȎȍ Ȍȓȧ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ Ȑ ȌȖ-
ȟȍȘȐ.
ǶȌȕȈ — ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈșȞȊȍȚ ȏȘȍȓȈȧ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȧȦȡȈȧșȧ
ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȒȘȈșȖȚȈ
ǬȘțȋȈȧ — ȕȍȗȖȉȍȌȐȔȈȧ ȦȕȖșȚȤ ȕȍȗȖșȚȐȎȐȔȈȧ ȕȈșȔȍ-
ȝȈȦȡȈȧșȧ ȕȈȌ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȤ
ǰ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȍȍ Ȋ ȒȖșȚȦȔȍ ȖȚ ǷțȈȘȍ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȥȚț ȋȖȓȖȊț ȗȖȌ
ȗȈȘȟȖȊȖȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ ȠȈȗȖȟȒȖȑ — ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȘȈȏȉțȌȐȚȤ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȕȍ-
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒțȦ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȦȦ șȚȘȈșȚȤ
ǹȈȔșȖȕ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȑ ȓȖȘȌ ǵȍȓȤșȖȕ Ȋȣ ȓȍȋȍȕȌȈȘȕȣȍ Ȑ Ȑș-
ȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȕȍ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȒȐ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȐȊȠȐȍ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ Ȑ șȓȈȊȖȑ ȏȈ
ȓȦȉȖȊȤ — ȥȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȅȚȖ — ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚ ȘȈȏ
Ȋ ȊȍȒ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ Ȋ Țȣșȧȟț ȓȍȚ ǰ ȍșȓȐ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ Ȗș-
ȚȈȚȖȒ ȔȖȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ȧ ȖȚȌȈȔ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȍȌȓȧ ȕȐ șȍȒțȕȌȣ ȕȖ ȥȚȈ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȉțȌȍȚ

46
ǮǺǶǻȀǮ
«ǨȔȐȕȚȈ» ȅȚȖ ȍȍ ȐȔȧ ǻȝȖȌȧ Ȑȏ șȈȓȖȕȈ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȖȚȍȓȧ
ȖȕȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ ț ȖȒȕȈ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ șȒȊȖȏȤ șȍȚȒț ȌȖȎȌȧ ȕȈ
ȔȖȒȘȣȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ ȔȈȋȕȖȓȐȐ ȕȈ ȖȏȍȘȖ Ȑ ȋȖȘȕȣȍ ȞȍȗȐ Ȋ Ȗȉ-
ȓȈȒȈȝ ȆȕȖȠȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȖȊțȚ ǹȚȐȉȖȘ ǩȖȕȐ
 ȌȖȚȘȖȕțȓșȧ ȌȖ ȍȍ
ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖȏȊȈȓ ȍȍ: «ǨȔȐȕȚȈ» ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖ
ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȧ țȒțșȐȓ șȍȉȍ ȘțȒț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȌȈȊȐȚȤ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȖȚ-
ȠȊȣȘȕțȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ Ȑ ȗȖȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ ș ȕȐȔ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ Ǩȝ ȌȖȘȖȋȈȧ
ȔȖȧ DzȈȒ ȖȗȈșȕȖ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ Ȋ ȓȦȌȧȝ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȣȔ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȚȍȘȧȚȤ
ȇ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȍȡȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ș ȋȍȘȉȖȔ ǸȈȌȖȔȐȘșȒȐȝ ǺȈȐȕșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȒȖȘȘȍșȗȖȕȌȍȕȚȒȈ ȖȉȍȡȈȍȚ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȚȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȍ ȕȍȌȍ-
ȓȐ ȇ ȉȘȖșȐȓ ȗȐșȤȔȖ Ȋ ȒȈȔȐȕ ǪȖșȒȘȍșȠȐȍ Ȑȏ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ ȐȔȍȦȚ
ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȕȍȗȘȍȏȍȕȚȈȉȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ ǰ ȒȕȧȎȍșȒȐȑ ȋȍȘȉ ȕȈ șȈȘ-
ȒȖȜȈȋȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȚ ȐȔ ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ ǵȖ ȧ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ ȊȈș ȏȈ ǴȖȕ-
ȚȘȍ Ȑ ǨȔȐȕȚț
ǹȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȍȍ ȋȖȓȖșȈ
 ȇ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȐȓ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ Ȋ ȖȚȍȓȍ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȎȐȊț ȕȈȌ
Ȑȝ ȉȈȓȒȖȕȖȔ ǭșȓȐ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ șȊȍșȐȚȤșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȉȈȘȤȍȘ
ȧ țȊȐȎț ȌȊȍ ȚȘȍȚȐ Ȑȝ ȉȈȓȒȖȕȈ ȇ țșȓȣȠț ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȕȖ ȕȍ țș-
ȓȣȠț șȓȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȧȚ
ǪȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȖȕȈ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȐȌȐȚ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȍ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȍȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȖȉȘȈ-
ȡȍȕȖ Ȓ șȍȊȍȘț ȊȍȘȕȍȍ Ȓ ȋȖȘȕȖȔț ȝȘȍȉȚț ȕȈ șȍȊȍȘȍ ȇ ȗȘȍȊ-
ȘȈȡȈȦșȤ Ȋ ȦȕȖȠț Ȑȏ ȒȖȓȓȍȌȎȈ ȗȍȘȍȓȍȏȈȦ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȉȈȘȤȍȘ Ȑ
ȌȍȘȎȈșȤ ȏȈ ȒȈȘȕȐȏ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȧȦșȤ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȎț Ȑȝ ȖȉȖȐȝ ȍȍ
Ȋ ȔȍȓȈȕȝȖȓȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȍȋȖ
ǷȐȎȈȔȈ șȐȋȈȘȍȚȈ Ȋ ȏțȉȈȝ ȇ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȓȣȠȈȓ ȍȋȖ șȓȖȊ
Ƕȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȐȝȖ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȔ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȎȈȓȖȉ-
ȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ǰ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȧ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȔȍȓȖȌȐȟȍșȒȐȑ
ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș Ȑ ȧșȕȣȑ ȈȒȞȍȕȚ ǶșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖ-
șȐȔȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȚȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȒȐ ȕȈ ȔȈȓȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȔ
ȧȏȣȒȍ

47
— ȇ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ — ǻȎȈșȈȦȡȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕȣ ȇ șȒȖȘȍȍ țȋȈȌȈȓ ȟȍȔ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȥȚȐ șȓȖȊȈ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ
șțȔȍȦ ȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȔȍȌȓȐȚȤ DzȈȎȌȈȧ ȔȖȧ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȗ ȕȍȑ.
2. …ǹȟȈșȚȓȐȊȈȧ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖșȚȤ ǪȟȍȘȈ ȧ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ
ȚȍȕȕȐș-ȋȘȈțȕȌȍ ©ǷȈȓȈș-ȖȚȍȓȧ». ǪȚȖȘțȦ ȐȓȐ ȚȘȍȚȤȦ ȗȈȘȚȐȦ
ȧ ȐȋȘȈȓ ș ȕȐȔ Ȑ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ șȓȍȋȒȈ Ȍȍ-
ȋȍȕȍȘȈȚȐȊȕțȦ ȈȗȈȚȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȊȕȍȠȕȖșȚȤ Ȗȕ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȓ ȕȍȖ-
ȎȐȌȈȕȕțȦ ȓȖȊȒȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȖșȚȤ ǴȖȐ șȖȘȖȒ ȠȍșȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȌȈȦȚ
șȍȉȧ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ©șȍȚª ȉȣȓ ȔȖȑ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖȉȍȌȈ
șȚȖȐȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ țșȐȓȐȑ ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, Ȋ «Ȓȓțȉȍ ȌȐȒȐȝ» Ȋ
ȒȕȐȋȍ șȗȖȘȚȈ ȧ ȉȣȓ ȊȚȖȘȣȔ ȗȖșȓȍ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ǷȐȚȍȘșȈ ǷȖȎȐ-
ȔȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒț ȧ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȍȍ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȍȔț Ȋȣ-
ȗȐȚȤ ȔȖȏȍȓȤȊȍȑȕȈ șȖ ȓȤȌȖȔ
Ǵȣ — șȖșȍȌȐ ȗȖ ȖȚȍȓȦ — ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȣ, ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗ ȗțșȚȧȒȈȝ. ǵȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȕȈȊȍȓȖ ȉȣ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȕȈ ȔȣșȓȤ ȖȚȒțȌȈ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȒȚȖ ȥȚȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ Ǵȣ ȗȘȖșȚȐ-
ȓȐșȤ Ƕȕ Ƞȍȓ ȗȖ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȎȕȖȑ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ Ȓ «ȀȐȓȤȖ-
ȕț» ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȊȟȍȘȈ Ȑ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȗȕ șȗȘȈȊȓȧȓșȧ Ȋ ȉȈȕȒȍ ȕȍ
ȗȖȓțȟȍȕ ȓȐ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȐȔȧ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȣ ȅȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ
ȧ ȏȕȈȦ Ȗ ȕȍȔ
 ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȧ ȖȉȍȌȈȓ ȏȈ Ȑȝ șȚȖȓȖȔ ǨȔȐȕȚȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȒȈșȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȕȐ Ȓ ȖȌȕȖȔț ȉȓȦȌț ǪȉȓȐȏȐ ȖȕȈ ȖșȓȍȗȓȧȍȚ ǭȍ ȘțȒȈ
șȓȍȋȒȈ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȚȈȒȈȧ Ȏȍ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȈ ȐșȝȖȌȐȚ
ȖȚ ȍȍ ȚȍȓȈ ǿȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȍȍ ȥȚȖȑ șȎȐȋȈȦȡȍȑ
ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȣ" ǶȕȈ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ ȖȌȕȖșȓȖȎȕȖ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖ șȔȖȚȘȧ
șȒȊȖȏȤ ȊȈș ǶȕȈ ȕȈȊȖȌȐȚ țȎȈș ȗȘȖȗȖȘȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖșȚȤȦ ȒȈȎ-
ȌȖȑ ȓȐȕȐȐ ȓȐȞȈ Ȑ ȚȍȓȈ ȅȚȖ ȕȍȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ șȐȔȔȍȚȘȐȧ ȕȍ-
ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȒȘȈșȖȚȈ ǭșȓȐ ȕțȎȕȣ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȧ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ Ǫȍ-
ȕțș Ȉ ǰȏȐȌȈ Ǫ ȕȍȑ ȍșȚȤ ǪȖșȚȖȒ Ȑ ǯȈȗȈȌ ǭȊȘȖȗȈ Ȑ ǨȏȐȧ ȟȐ-
șȚȍȑȠȈȧ ȈȘȐȑșȒȈȧ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȟȐșȚȣȍ ȒȓȈșșȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȓȐȕȐȐ Ȑ ȕȍ-
ȗȖșȚȐȎȐȔȈȧ ȚȈȑȕȈ — ȋȓȈȏȈ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȦȡȐȍ ȗțșȚȣȕȦ DzȈȒ ȉȍȏ-
ȓȐȟȍȕ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȕȍȑ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐȌȊțȝȓȍȚȕȐȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș
ȔȧȋȒȐȔȐ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔȐ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ ȊȣȚȧȕțȚȣȔ Ȋ ȕȐȚȖȟȒț ȗȘȖȉȖ-
ȘȖȔ ȋȖȓțȉȣȔȐ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȕȈȋȓȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ șȕȖȉȈ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȗȕ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȗȈșȍȕ ǵțȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎ-
ȕȣȔ Ȑ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ șȉȘȖșȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ș ȗțȚȐ

48
ǷȖȒȈ ȧ ș ȕȐȔ ȊȍȎȓȐȊ Ȑ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȍȕ ǹȚȈȘȍȦȡȐȑ ȓȍȊ Ȑ ȔȖ-
ȓȖȌȖȑ, șȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȑ șȐȓț ȓȍȖȗȈȘȌ
ǷȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȍȍ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȕȖȑ ȘțȒȍ Ȑ ȒȖȎȍ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȚ
ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȍ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȍ ǨȔȐȕȚȈ ǨȔȐȕȚȈ
DzȈȒȖȍ ȐȔȧ
4. Ǫ șȈȌț Ȕȣ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ț ȒȈȓȐȚȒȐ Ƕȕ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓ-
șȧ ț ȊȣȝȖȌȈ Ȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ș ȗȖȘȚȤȍ ǶȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ
ȔȍȎȌț ȔȕȖȑ Ȑ șȖȓȕȞȍȔ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȊȍȟȐȊȈȦȡȍȔ ȚȖȕȒȖȔ ȠȍȓȒȍ
Ȑ ȒȘțȎȍȊȈȝ ȗȓȈȚȤȧ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȍ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕțȦ ǶȕȈ ȕȍ
ȔȖȋȓȈ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ
— ǶȌȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȌțȔȈȦȚ ȖȉȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȓȦȌȐ
ȇ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ țȋȈȌȈȓȈ ȔȖȦ șȚȘȈșȚȤ ǰ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȒȖȋȌȈ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȗȘȐșȚțȗ ȧȘȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȧ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȋȘțȉȖ ȖȚȌȍȓȈȚȤșȧ
ȖȚ ȍȍ șȗțȚȕȐȒȈ ȖȕȈ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȊ ȔȖȦ ȔȣșȓȤ
— Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ
ȅȚȈ ȓțȒȈȊȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ țȋȈȌȣȊȈȍȚ ȔȣșȓȐ ȇ ȥȚȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ
ȍȡȍ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ
ǵȖ ȒȈȒȈȧ șȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ ȓțȒȈȊȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ
5. Ǵȕȍ șȚȖȐȓȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȚȘțȌȈ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȈȚȤ ȧȏȣȒ ǮȖȘȎȍȚ-
Țȍ ȋȖȘȕȐȟȕȖȑ Ȑȝ ȥȚȈȎȈ.
ǷȍȘȊȖȍ — ț ȕȍȋȖ ȐșșȧȒȈȦȚ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ
ǪȚȖȘȖȍ — ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȔțȎ Ȑ ȎȍȕȈ
ǶȕȐ — ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȒȐ ȅȚȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȖ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ șȊȧ-
ȏȤȦ ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȕȍ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȚȤ ȊțȓȤȋȈȘȕȖȋȖ ȥȗȐȚȍȚȈ ǮȖȘȎȍȚ-
ȚȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍȏȍȔȕȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ǮȖȘȎȍȚȚȈ țȚȊȍȘȎ-
ȌȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ǨȔȐȕȚȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ șȗȐȚ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȖȡțȡȈȍȚ ȝȖ-
ȓȖȌȈ ȋȖȓȖȌȈ Ȑ ȎȈȎȌȣ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȋȓțȗȖșȚȐ
Ǩ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȕȈȘȒȖȏ ȐȓȐ
ȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȋȐȗȕȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ șȖȕ ǪȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȖȚȕȖ-
ȠȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȕȍȗȖșȚȐȎȐȔȖ ȇ ȕȈ-
ȟȐȕȈȦ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȘȊȕȖșȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȚȐȒ — ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȗȘȖȉȍ-
ȋȈȦȡțȦ ȋȘȐȔȈșț ȖȚ ȓȍȊȖȋȖ țȋȓȈ ȘȚȈ Ȓ țȝț ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȥȚȖ
ȋȐȗȕȖȚȐȏȍȘ Ȑ ȧșȕȖȊȐȌȧȡȈȧ ǬȈ ȕȍȚ Ȏȍ ȟȍȘȚ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ ȇ
ȋȓțȗȍȦ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȘȈșȚȐ DzȚȖ ȉȣ Ȗȕ ȕȐ ȉȣȓ ȕȖ ȧ ȖȚȕȐȔț ȍȍ ț
ȕȍȋȖ

49
6.
ȇ ȒțȗȐȓ ȌȊțȝȔȍșȚȕȣȑ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ «ǼȐȈȚ» — ȌȊȈȌ-
ȞȈȚȤ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ șȐȓȣ ȚȖȘȗȍȌȖ ǪȟȍȘȈ ȧ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ȗȘȖȉȍȋȍ
ȖȚ dzȖȏȈȕȕȣ ȌȖ ǴȖȕȚȘȍ ǽȖȘȖȠȈȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ Ȑ ȧ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȘȈȏț-
ȟȐȓșȧ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȠȚțȒȖȑ ǪȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȧ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȍȔț
ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒț Ȋ DzȖ ȌȊȍ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȕȈȌ țȘȖȊȕȍȔ
ȔȖȘȧ ǷȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ ȕȈ ȖȏȍȘȖ Ȑ ǬȈȕ-Ȍȍ-ǴȐȌȐ Ƕȕ ȗȖ-
ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȖȚȓȖȎȐȚȤ ǷȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț Ȗȕ ȉȖȐȚșȧ ȍȍ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȚȤ ȖȌ-
ȕț Ǫ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ țșȚȈȓȖȍ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȐȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȕȈ
șȊȖȍȋȖ șȗțȚȕȐȒȈ ȇ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉȖȦșȤ ȥȚȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ǯȈșȚȣȊ-
ȠȈȧ ȊȍȟȕȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ ǶȕȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȘȈȏȘțȠȐȚȤ șȈȔȣȑ ȝȐȚȘȖțȔ-
ȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȕ ǽȖȚȧ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȗȓȈȕȈ
7.
ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍȚ Ȍȍȕȍȋ ǬȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȍȚ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȈ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ
ȋȘȈȕȐȞȣ ȇ țȏȕȈȓ Ȗ ȕȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ Ƕȕ — ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ
ȔȓȈȌȠȐȝ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȍȑ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȈ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ Ȍȍȓ ȅȘȐȚ-
ȘȍȐ ȈȚȚȈȠȍ ȗȘȐ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȍ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ ǸȖȔȈȕȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȗȖȍȏȌ-
ȒȈ Ȋ ȀȊȍȑȞȈȘȐȦ ș ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȖșȖȉȖȑ ǷȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȔȖ-
ȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ țȍȝȈȓ ȉȍȏ șȖȋȓȈșȐȧ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȍȑ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȘȖ-
ȌȐȚȍȓȐ ȕȈȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȍȋȖ ǩȍȌȕȣȑ ȦȕȖȠȈ Ǵȕȍ ȌȈȎȍ ȎȈȓȤ
ȍȋȖ ǪȟȍȘȈ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ Ȗȕ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȦȊȍȓȐȘȕȣȑ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ
«ǷȈȓȈș-ȖȚȍȓȧ».
 ȇ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȦȊȍȓȐȘț ǵȈ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȖȑ ȗȖȓȒȍ ș ȕȈȌȗȐ-
șȤȦ «ǶșșȈsȭȖn» ȔȍȎȌț ȎȍȔȟțȎȕȣȔ ȒȖȓȤȍ ȉȘȈșȓȍȚȖȔ ș șȈȗ-
ȜȐȘȈȔȐ Ȑ ȌȊțȔȧ șȈȔȖȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔȐ ȗȖȘȚșȐȋȈȘȈ-
ȔȐ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȗȍȘșȚȍȕȤ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȐȏțȔȘțȌȖȔ ǯȖȓȖȚȖ ȟȍȘ-
ȕȈȧ ȥȔȈȓȤ Ȑ ȐȏțȔȘțȌ ǷȖȎȈȓțȑ ȥȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȊȒțș ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ
ȘȖȌȖȊȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȤȞȈ ȈȕȚȐȒȊȈȘȕȈȧ ȘȍȌȒȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȈȧ Ȟȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȇ șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȟȍȕț ǪȌȊȖȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȧ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȓ
— ȅȚȖ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț Ȑȏ ȖȚȍȓȧ «ȀȐ-
ȓȤȖȕ» " ǹȚȐȉȖȘ ǩȖȕȐ ǵȍ ȚȈȒ ȓȐ"
— ǹȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȊȍȘȕȖ ǷȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȕțȎȌȈ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤȋȈȝ
Ǵ-șȤȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȌȍȠȍȊȖ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȍȚ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕțȦ ȊȍȡȤ
ȆȊȍȓȐȘ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ țȗȐȚȈȕȕȣȑ Ȋ șȊȍȚȓȖ-șȍȘȖȔ ȎȈȒȍ-
Țȍ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ Ȋ ȓțȗț DzȈȔȍȕȤ șȊȍȚȐȓșȧ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔ ȔȈ-
ȋȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȍȔ ȇ Ȋȏȧȓ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕțȓșȧ ȕȖȋȚȍȔ Ȓ
ȠȓȐȜȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȘȖȊȕȖȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ ȒȈȔȕȧ Ǵȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ,

50
ȟȚȖ ȐȏțȔȘțȌ ȠȍȊȍȓȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȖȗȘȈȊȍ ȇ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȕȈȎȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ
Ȑ ȐȏțȔȘțȌ ȗȖȒȘȐȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ șȓȍȋȒȈ țȠȍȓ Ȋ ȖȗȘȈȊț
ȆȊȍȓȐȘ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓșȧ
— ǹȚȈȘȐȕȕȈȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ DzȈȔȍȕȤ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȖșȐ
Ƕȕ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓ ȐȏțȔȘțȌ ȡȐȗȟȐȒȈȔȐ ǹȉȖȒț ȊȣȌȊȐȕț-
ȓȈșȤ ȗȓȈșȚȐȕȒȈ ș ȋȍȘȉȖȔ DzȖȓȤȞȖ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȓȖ ȊȐȌ ȖȉȣȒȕȖ-
ȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȖȊȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȤȞȈ ș ȗȍȟȈȚȤȦ-ȋȍȘȉȖȔ ȆȊȍȓȐȘ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȌȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ
ǫȍȘȉ Ȓȕȧȏȍȑ ǸȈȌȖȔȐȘșȒȐȝ
ȇ ȒțȗȐȓ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ țȗȓȈȚȐȊ ȏȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț Ȋșȍȝ Ȍȍȕȍȋ
ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȖȚ ©ǩȍȓȖȋȖ ȖȘȓȈª
 ǷȖșȓȍ ȒȖȜȍ ȧ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ țȌȍȓȐȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȤ ȟȈ-
șȈ Ǵȣ ȊȣȠȓȐ Ȋ șȈȌ ǬȖȎȌȧ țȎȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǴȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏ-
ȊȍȘȚȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȉȍȓȣȍ țȗȘțȋȐȍ ȓȍȗȍșȚȒȐ ȔȈȋȕȖȓȐȑ ǶȏȍȘȖ șȊȍ-
ȚȐȓȖșȤ ȋȖȓțȉȣȔ ȚȐȝȐȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ Ȑ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȧșȕȖ ȋȘȖ-
ȔȖȏȌȐȓȐșȤ ȌȖȔȐȒȐ ǩțȊȍȘȍ ȇ Ȋȏȧȓ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȏȈ ȓȖ-
ȒȖȚȤ ș ȜȈȔȐȓȤȧȘȕȖșȚȤȦ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȍȉȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȚȤ ȗȖ-
ȎȐȓȖȑ ȌȘțȋ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț ȒȖȓȤȞȖ
ǰȏțȔȘțȌ ȉȣȓ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ

Ƕȕ șȔțȚȐȓșȧ Ȑ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȗȖȒȘȈșȕȍȓ
— ȅȚȖ Ȋȣ ȒțȗȐȓȐ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ"
— ǬȈ ǬȍȕȤȋȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚșȧ ț ȦȊȍȓȐȘȈ...
ǯȈȚȍȔ ȧ Ȋȏȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȖȌȍȓ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȈȓȍȞ ȕȍ ȌȈȓ
ȍȔț ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȘȈȏȌțȔȣȊȈȚȤ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȘȍȏȒȖ
— ȇ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȦ ȊȈȔ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ Ȋȣ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȍ șțȔȔț ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȈȧ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ț ȦȊȍȓȐȘȈ ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȌȘțȎȍșȒȈȧ țșȓțȋȈ
ȇ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȦ
— Ǫȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ țȍȝȈȚȤ ȖȚșȦȌȈ ș ȊȍȟȍȘȕȐȔ ȗȖȍȏȌȖȔ
Ƕȕ șȓȍȋȒȈ țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ ǵȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȌȈȓ ȍȔț ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȚȤ
— ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȋȣ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚȍ ǨȔȐȕȚȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ Ȗș-
ȚȈȚȤșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ǴȖȎȍȚȍ ȕȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤșȧ Ȗ ȍȍ șțȌȤȉȍ
Ƕȕ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȖȘȊȈȓ ș ȗȈȓȤȞȈ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ
— ǵȍȚ Ǫȣ ȖȠȐȉȈȍȚȍșȤ ȍșȓȐ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ
— ǹțȌȈȘȤ Ȋȣ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ ǪȍȘȚȍȘ Ǫȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ
ȎȐȏȕȤ ȥȚȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ
— ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȊȈȔ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȗ ȕȍȑ... ȅȚȖ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ
— Ǵȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ Ǫȣ țȍȌȍȚȍ"

51
Ƕȕ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȓȐȞȍ Ȑ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȐșȒȈȓ șȓȖȊ
— Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ țȍȝȈȚȤ ȌȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ"
Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȑ ȧ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ Ȋ ȒȖȓȤȞȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȊ
ȍȔț ȋȍȘȉ
— DzȈȒ Ȋȣ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȍ ȥȚȖ" ǫȍȘȉ Ȓȕȧȏȍȑ ǸȈȌȖȔȐȘșȒȐȝ"
ȇ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕ Ƕȕ șȔțȚȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȓ ȇ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȕȈ-
șȚȖȑȟȐȊȖ Ȑ țȋȘȖȎȈȦȡȍ
— ȅȚȖ ȘȖȌȖȊȖȍ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ ǫȍȘȉ Ȓȕȧȏȍȑ ǸȈȌȖȔȐȘșȒȐȝ ǶȕȐ
ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȖȘȍȕȣ ǰȔ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȐ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȐ ǹȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ǴȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ
—
ǹȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȒȖȓȤȞȖ țȒȘȈȌȍȕȖ ǻȒȘȈȌȍȕȖ
ȊȈȔȐ
— ǵȍȚ — Ƕȕ ȊȍșȤ ȌȘȖȎȈȓ
— ǺȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȖȕȖ ț ȊȈș"
— ȅȚȖ ȗȖȌȈȘȖȒ ǵȖ ȧ ȌȈȓ șȓȖȊȖ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ
— ǹȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȚȈȑȕ DzȈȒ Ȋȣ ȌȖȒȈȎȍȚȍ"
Ƕȕ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ
— Ǫȣ ȕȍ șțȔȍȍȚȍ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ
Ƕȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ ș ȏȓȖȉȕȣȔ ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȐȍȔ
— ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒȐȑ ȈȋȍȕȚ — ȌȍȓȈȑȚȍ șȊȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ
ȇ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȦ ǹȗȖȒȖȑȕȈȧ ȗȘȍȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ țșȔȍȠȒȈ
ȇșȕȖ ǭȋȖ ȏȈȗțȋȈȚȤ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ
ǪȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȣȍ ȌȈȕȕȣȍ ǸȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ, Ȕȕȍ ȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ ȥȚȖȚ
ȦȕȖȠȈ ǪȌȘțȋ ȧ ȘȈșȝȖȝȖȚȈȓșȧ ȝȓȖȗȕțȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȗȓȍȟț Ȑ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ
— ǬȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȔȖȑ ȇ ȊȈȔ ȊȍȘȦ ǰ ȏȕȈȑȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȌȘțȎȍș-
ȒȈȧ ȔȐșȚȐȜȐȒȈȞȐȧ — ǰ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȐȊ ȚȖȕ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ
ș ȘȈșȗȖȓȈȋȈȦȡȍȑ Ȓ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȏȈȌțȠȍȊȕȖșȚȤȦ
— ǬȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȔȖȑ ȇ ȊȌȊȖȍ șȚȈȘȠȍ ȊȈș ǪȈȠȈ ǨȔȐȕȚȈ —
șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȍ ȇ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȓ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȕȈ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋȣ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȣ ȍȍ Ǫȣ ȟȍșȚȕȣȑ ȔȈȓȣȑ Ȑ ȧ șȗȖȒȖȍȕ
ȏȈ ȍȍ șțȌȤȉț
Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ǨȔȐȕȚȈ ȊȣȠȓȈ Ȋ șȈȌ DzȈȒ ȔȍȕȧȍȚșȧ ȥȚȖ
ȓȐȞȖ ǩȍȈȚȘȐȟȍ ǫȈȉȘȐȥȓȧ ǸȖșșȍȚȚȐ, ǩȍȈȚȘȐȟȍ
ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȗȓȍȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȕȖȑ
ȚȐȠȐȕȣ ȕȈ ȖȏȍȘȍ
ȇ ȖȚȕȐȔț ț ȕȍȋȖ ǨȔȐȕȚț ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ

52
 ǪȟȍȘȈ ȧ ȗȖȌșȓțȠȈȓ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȐȓ ȜȐȕȈȓ Ȋșȍȑ ȥȚȖȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȇ ȉȣȓ Ȋ
ȋȈȘȈȎȍ Ȑ ȊȖȏȐȓșȧ ș ȚȖȘȔȖȏȈȔȐ ȅȚȖ ȊȝȖȌȐȓȖ Ȋ ȔȖȐ ȗȓȈȕȣ
șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ǴȖȑ ȠȖȜȍȘ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ț ȊȝȖȌȈ Ȋ ȋȈȘȈȎ
Ȑ ȉȖȓȚȈȓ Ȗ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȗțșȚȧȒȈȝ ș ȒȍȓȤȕȍȘȖȔ Ȑȏ ȖȚȍȓȧ ȇ ȍȡȍ
ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȍșȍȓȖȋȖ ȔȈȓȖȋȖ ȐȚȈ-
ȓȤȧȕȞȈ Ȑȏ ǺȖșȒȈȕȣ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȕȖȋȖ ȡȍȋȖȓȧ — ȗȘȧȔȖȑ
ȗȍȘșȖȕȈȎ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȑ ȒȖȔȍȌȐȐ — ǹȋȈȕȈȘȍȓȤ Ȑȏ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕ-
ȞȍȊ
— ǵȖȚ ȧ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȓȖȗȈȦșȤ ȖȚ ȚȈȑȕȣ ǶȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȕȧȍȚ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ Ǻȣ șȓȣȠȐȠȤ ǮȦȓȤ"
— ȇ șȓȣȠț
— Ǩ Ȗȕ
«Ƕȕ» — ȥȚȖ ȖȚȕȖșȐȓȖșȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ǮȦȓȤ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ
— DzȘȍȚȐȕ Ǻȣ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȥȚȐȝ șȗȖȘȚșȔȍȕȖȊ" ǻ
ȕȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ Ȋ ȘȈȌȐȈȚȖȘȍ
— ǬȍȓȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȒȘȖȠȒȐ Ȑȏ șȖȘȖȒ ȠȍșȚȖȋȖ ȕȖȔȍȘȈ
ǹȖȘȖȒ ȠȍșȚȖȑ ȕȖȔȍȘ. DzȖȔȕȈȚȈ ǹȚȐȉȖȘȈ Ȑ ǨȔȐȕȚȣ ȇ
șȓțȠȈȦ
— Ǻȣ ȔȖȎȍȠȤ Ȕȕȍ ȐșȗȖȘȚȐȚȤ ȗȘȖȉȖȘ ȍșȓȐ ȧ ȓȋț ǷțșȚȤ
ȥȚȖ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȖ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȔȖȓȟȈȚȤ ǪȟȍȘȈ ȧ
ȗȘȐȕȍș ȔȖșȤȍ ȋȓȐȕȚȊȍȑȕȈ Ǵ-șȤȍ ȉȣȓ Ȋ șȈȌț Ȉ ȔȈȌȈȔ șȐȌȍ-
ȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ Ȋ ȘȈȔȍ ȖȒȕȈ ȇ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȋȓȐȕȚȊȍȑȕ Ȑ ȖȚ-
ȊȍșȐȊ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȖȑ ȌȈȔȍ ȗȖȒȓȖȕ ȊȐȓȤȕțȓ
Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȧ ȊȐȎț ǵȍȚ Țȣ țȔȘȍȠȤ ȖȚ ȏȓȖșȚȐ ȇ
ȊȐȎț ȟȚȖ ȔȈȌȈȔ țȓȣȉȈȍȚșȧ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȖ ț
ȕȐȝ țȓȣȉȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȓȐȠȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ
ȎȍȔȟțȎȕȣȍ ȏțȉȒȐ ǶȕȈ țȓȣȉȈȍȚșȧ ȚȈȒ ȇ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȗȖȕȐ-
ȔȈȦ ȥȚȐ ȠȚțȒȐ ǺȈȒ țȓȣȉȈȍȚșȧ ȌȈȔȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ǷȘȐȚȖȔ
ȖȕȈ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȍșȤ ȝȖȓȖȌȍȦ ȖȚ ȗȘȖȉȖȘȈ ȌȖ
ȗȧȚȖȒ
ȇ șȓȣȠț ȚȐȝȐȑ șȔȍȝ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕȞȈ ȍȔț ȊȚȖȘȐȚ ȗȘȖȗȐȚȖȑ
ȒȈȠȍȓȤ ǮȦȓȧ
— ǵț, Ȑ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
— ǬȈȓȤȠȍ dzȖȗȕȐ ȖȚ ȏȈȊȐșȚȐ ǮȦȓȤ ǶȕȈ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚ
ȘțȒȐ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȖȚȒȐȌȣȊȈȍȚ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȧ ȊȐȎț Ȋ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏȒȈȝ
— ǵȍ ȊȘȐ

53
— ǹȈȕȚȈ ǴȈȘȐȈ Ȍȍȓȓȍ ǫȘȈȞȐȈ ǹȍȕ-ǹȈȓȤȊȈȌȖȘ ǴȖȑ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȖș ȓȍȚȐȚ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȖ ȧ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȦ ȒȓȦȟ Ȋ ȏȈȔȒȍ Ȑ
ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȍȔȕȍȍȚ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȦ
șȍȉȍ șȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȍ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȘțȒȍ ȔȖȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ
ȔȈțȏȍȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȋȖȓȖșȈ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȗȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȣȟȒȍ ȖȉȌțȔȣȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ șȊȖȑ ȠȈȋ ȧ ȘȍȠȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ
Ȏȍ ȏȈșȚȘȍȓȐȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȏȈ ȋȓțȗțȦ Ȑ șȔȍȠȕțȦ ȓȖȎȤ
— ǴȈȌȖȕȕȈ DzȓȧȕțșȤ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȌȈȘȖȒ ȏȈ ȔȖȦ ȉȓȈȋȖȟȍșȚȐ-
ȊțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȅȚȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ. ȅȚȖ ȕȍȉȍșȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȧȚȤ ȔȐ-
ȕțȚ. Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȧ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȔȖȑ ȗȖȌȕȖș Ȑ ȐșȗȈȘȐȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖ-
ȠȓȖȋȖȌȕȐȑ ȓȐȊȍȕȤ
— Ǻȣ ȊȘȍȠȤ
— ǴȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȍ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ǻ ȕȍȍ ȊȣȠȍ ȓȖȒȚȧ ȚȖȕ-
ȒȐȑ ȉȘȈșȓȍȚ ȒȘțȎȖȒ ǶȚȒțȌȈ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȚȤ ǴȈȌȈȔ
ȕȍ ȕȖșȐȚ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȝ ȗȓȈȚȤȍȊ ǽȖȟȍȠȤ — ȗȘȖȊȍȘȤ ȇ ȕȍ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘȦ țȎȍ Ȗ ȘȖȌȐȕȒȈȝ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȈȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ... Ǻȣ
ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȠȤ
ǶȉȈ ȝȖȝȖȟțȚ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ țȝȖȎț Ȑȏ ȋȈȘȈȎȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȌȈȊ-
ȓȧȦ Ȋ șȍȉȍ șȈȔȣȍ șȊȐȘȍȗȣȍ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ
«ǩȍȓȣȑ ȖȘȍȓ» ȔȖȓȟȐȚ ȅȚȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ǷȖȒȈ ȧ ȕȍ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧ-
ȕȐȐ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ ȌȍȓȈȔȐ
ǵȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȕțȎȍȕ ǨȔȐȕȚȍ ǵȖ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȍȑ ȕȍ ȕțȎȍȕ
ǹȚȐȉȖȘ ǩȖȕȐ Ǫșȍ ȌȍȓȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ țșȚȘȈȕȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ǬȖȉȘȖ-
ȊȖȓȤȕȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ țȑȌȍȚ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ țȧșȕȐȓ șȍȉȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȧ Ȗȉ-
ȌțȔȈȓ ȗȓȈȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȊȖȎț Ȋ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ǬȖȊȍȘȐȧ ȕȍȚ Ƕȕ
ȐȏȉȍȋȈȍȚ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȚȤ ǨȔȐȕȚț ȖȌȕț ǶȕȐ șȚȈȓȐ ȘȍȎȍ șȗțșȒȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȊȕȐȏ Ȋ ȖȉȡȐȑ ȏȈȓ
ȇ ȖȚȗțșȚȐȓ ȠȖȜȍȘȈ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊȍșȤ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ Ȋ ȋȈȘȈȎȍ
ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧ Ȑ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȧ ȔȈȠȐȕț ǪȣȑȌȧ Ȑȏ ȋȈȘȈȎȈ ȧ ȗȖȝȊȈ-
ȓȐȓ ȔȈȠȐȕț șȚȈȘȖȔț șȗȖȘȚșȔȍȕț — ȝȖȏȧȐȕț ȖȚȍȓȧ Ƕȕ ȕȍ-
ȌȖȊȖȓȍȕ ȅȚȖ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȋȖȕȖȟȕȣȑ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ Ȉ ȕȍ țȌȖȉȕȣȑ
ȥȒȐȗȈȎ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȖȋțȓȖȒ Ƕȕ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȕȖȊȣȝ șȍȘȐȑ ǭȋȖ
ȜȈȊȖȘȐȚ — ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐȟȍȚȣȘȍȝșȐȓȤȕȣȑ «ǯȈțȘȍȘ-ȓȐȔțȏȐȕ».
ǹȚȐȉȖȘ ǩȖȕȐ șȓțȠȈȓ ȕȈș Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓ țȟȈșȚȐȧ Ȋ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖ-
Șȍ ȇ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȍȔț ȗȘȖȋțȓȒț Ȋ DzȖ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȕȣ ȖȚȓȖȎȐȓȐ
ȚȘȐ Ȍȕȧ ȕȈȏȈȌ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȈȍȚșȧ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȔȈ-

54
ȌȈȔ" ǶȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȌțȘȕȖ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚ ǵȍ ȚȈȒ ȓȐ" Ƕȕ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ
șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗ ȔȈȌȈȔ Ȑ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ ȍȝȈȚȤ
ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȍșȚȤ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȚȤ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ǷȖȒȈ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍȖȌȍȊȈȓșȧ ȧ ȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ ȔȈȠȐȕț
ȕȈ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȎȕȖȑ Ȋ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȐ ȌȊțȝ-ȚȘȍȝ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȑȏ
ȖȚȍȓȧ Ǫșȍ ȔȖȧ țȗȘȈȎȕȍȕȐȧ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȐȔ ȕȍ-
ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȕȍȐșȗȘȈȊȕȖșȚȤ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȊȐȓȧȕȐȍ ȒȖȓȍș Ƕȕ ȊȣȠȍȓ
Ȑȏ ȖȚȍȓȧ ȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȉȈȓȒȖȕ ȋȌȍ Ȋ ȗȓȦȡȍ ȉȍȓȍȓȈ șȚȘȖȑ-
ȓȈȕ ȚȍȕȤ ǨȔȐȕȚȣ ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȕȈ șȍȉȍ ȍȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȕȖ ȕȍ
ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ƕȕ șȍȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ȑ ȥȚȖ șȕȖȊȈ Ȕȍȕȧ țȉȍȌȐ-
ȓȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȎȍȓȈȍȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ ȊȟȍȘȈȠȕȍȔ ǹ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȦ-
ȡȍȑșȧ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤȦ Ȕȣ ȗȘȖȍȝȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȎȕȖȑ Ȑ ȊȣȍȝȈȓȐ
ȊȊȍȘȝ ȗȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȣȔ ȏȐȋȏȈȋȈȔ ȠȖșșȍ ǶȏȍȘȖ ȖȗțșȒȈȓȖșȤ
ȊȕȐȏ ǩȍȘȍȋ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȊȍșȤ Ȋ ȏȍȓȍȕȐ Ȑ țȓȐȞȈȝ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȊȐȓȓ
ǫȖȘȣ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȘȍȓȤȍȜȕȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȎȍȓȚȣȝ ȒȖșȣȝ
ȓțȟȈȝ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȓȐȞȖ ǨȔȐȕȚȣ...
ǻ ȋȖȘȕȖȑ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ ȕȈ ȒȘțȚȖȔ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȍ Ȗȕ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȏȈȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȚȤ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȕȖ ȘȈȏȌțȔȈȓ Ǫ ǫȓȐȖȕȍ Ȕȣ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȧ
șȕȖȊȈ ȏȈȕȧȓșȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȖȑ Ƕȕ șȚȖȧȓ ȏȈȓȖȎȐȊ ȘțȒȐ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈ-
ȕȣ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȑ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȑ ș ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ ǴȈȠȐȕȈ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȈȓȈ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȖ ǵȖ Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ ȧ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȖȗȖȘȖȟȐȓ ȍȍ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ ȌȊțȔȧ ȚțȘȐșȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȋȈȘșȖȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȒȈȜȍ ǵȍȐșȗȘȈȊȕȖșȚȤ
ȘțȓȍȊȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȍșȈ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȚȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗ ȕȍȑ ȧ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓ
ȕȍȟȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȎȈȓȖșȚȐ Ȓ șțȡȍșȚȊț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȧ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓ
șȒȊȍȘȕțȦ șțȌȤȉț
Ǫ DzȖ Ȕȣ ȋțȓȧȓȐ ȗȖ șȍȓȍȕȐȦ șȖșȚȖȧȡȍȔț Ȑȏ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȋȖ Ȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȔȈȓȣȝ ȖȚȍȓȍȑ ǯȌȍșȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȕȖ
ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȏȊțȟȈȓȐ ȋȓțȝȖ ǪȣșȖȚȈ — ȌȊȍ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ǶȚ șȒȖ-
ȠȍȕȕȖȑ ȈȓȤȗȐȑșȒȖȑ ȚȘȈȊȣ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȒȘțȎȐȓȈșȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ
ǵȖ ȧ ȔȈȓȖ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȊȖȒȘțȋ Ǵȣ ȏȈȊȚ-
ȘȈȒȈȓȐ Ȋ ȖȚȍȓȍ ȗȐȓȐ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȑ ȒȖȕȤȧȒ Ȑ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈșșȍȧȕ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț Ȗȕ ȊȣȗȐȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȧ Ǫȕȍ-
ȏȈȗȕȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ
— Ǫȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ «ǼȈțșȚȈ»?..
ȇ ȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȚ Ȗȉ ȖȗȍȘȍ ǵȖ Ȗȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗ
«ǼȈțșȚȍ» ǫȍȚȍ
Ƕȕ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ «ǼȈțșȚȈ» Ȗ ǭȓȍȕȍ ǷȘȍȒ-
ȘȈșȕȖȑ!..

55
ǨȔȐȕȚȈ.. ǺȈȒȖȑ ȧ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓ șȍȉȍ ǭȓȍȕț
Ƕȕ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ țȝȖȌȐȓȐ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
— Ǩ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ Ȗ ǫȖȔțȕȒțȓțșȍ"
ȇ ȕȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȓ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȔȖȓȟȈȓ
ǩȓȐȏȖșȚȤ ș ǵȈȧȌȖȑ ǹțȟȒȖȊȖȑ ȕȈțȟȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚȌȍȓȣȊȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȖȉȡȐȔȐ ȜȘȈȏȈȔȐ Ȋ ȚȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȔȍȚȈȝ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȧ ȕȍȚȊȍȘȌ
Ǫ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȍ Ȗȕ șȕȖȊȈ șȍȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȚȘȖȕțȓȐșȤ ȧ ȊȣȒȓȦȟȐȓ ȔȖȚȖȘ ǴȈȠȐȕȈ ȒȈȚȐ-
ȓȈșȤ ȊȕȐȏ ȗȖ ȐȕȍȘȞȐȐ DzȈȒ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȈȧ ȚȖȓșȚȈȧ ȋțșȍȕȐȞȈ ȔȍȌ-
ȓȍȕȕȖ șȗȖȓȏȈȓ ȊȕȐȏ ȜțȕȐȒțȓȍȘ ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ Ȕȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȣșȚȘȖ
ȍȝȈȓȐ ȚȍȕȐșȚȖȑ șȉȍȋȈȦȡȍȑ ȊȕȐȏ Ȉȓȓȍȍȑ Ƕȕ ȕȈșȊȐșȚȣȊȈȓ
șȒȊȖȏȤ ȏțȉȣ șȖȋȘȍȚȣȑ șȖȓȕȞȍȔ Ȑ ȊȐȕȖȔ ȐȓȐ ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ȗȘȖ
șȍȉȧ Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȧ ȘȈșșȓȣȠȈȓ
— ǫȖȔțȕȒțȓțș ǨȔȐȕȚȈ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș…
ǻȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ ȐȔȍȕȐ ȥȚȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ Ȋ șȖȟȍȚȈȕȐȐ ș ȌțȘȈȞ-
ȒȐȠ ȏȈȘȖȌȣȠȍȔ Ȋ ȉȈȕȒȍ țȌȐȊȐȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ.
ǯȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȏȈȕȈȊȍș ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ Ȑ ȒțșȚȖȊ ȗȘȖȗȈȓ Ȑȏ ȋȓȈȏ Ǫȕȍ-
ȏȈȗȕȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȖșȤ ȖȏȍȘȖ ǵȈ ȗȖȓȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȖȚ DzȖ Ȋ ǫȓȐȖȕ — ȒȘț-
ȚȖȑ ȏȐȋȏȈȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȈȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȣȉȘȈȓ
ȕȈ ȊșȧȒȐȑ șȓțȟȈȑ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȇ ȊȒȓȦȟȐȓ ȔȖȚȖȘ Ǵȣ ȍȝȈ-
ȓȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȝȖȚȧ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȏȈȉȍșȗȖ-
ȒȖȐȓșȧ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȋȖȘȌ Ȑ șȈȔȖȕȈȌȍȧȕ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȧ ȗȘȐȊșȚȈȓ ȕȍ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȧ Ȑȏ ȘțȒȐ Șțȓȍ-
ȊȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȍșȈ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧ ȋȓȈȌȒȐȑ
ȒȈȒ șȒȈȚȍȘȚȤ ȗțȚȤ Ǵȣ ȔȟȈȓȐșȤ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ Ƕȕ
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ șȊȐșȚȍȚȤ, ȕȖ ȐșȒȖșȈ șȓȍȌȐȓ ȏȈ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȌȍȓȈȦ.
ǷȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ȓȍȚȐȚ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ș țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȦȡȍȑșȧ ȉȣșȚ-
ȘȖȚȖȑ DzȖȕȍȞ șȗțșȒȈ ǹȍȑȟȈș ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚ ȇ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ Ȋȣȗțș-
ȒȈȦ ȘțȓȤ ȖȚȗțșȒȈȦ ȗȍȌȈȓȤ Ȑ ȊȣȉȘȈșȣȊȈȦșȤ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ǯȍȔ-
ȓȧ ȉȖȓȤȕȖ țȌȈȘȧȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȗȓȍȟȖ Ȑ ȋȘțȌȤ ǵȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ — țȌȈ-
ȓȧȦȡȐȑșȧ ȋȘȖȝȖȚ ȊȒȓȦȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȚȖȘȈ țȌȈȘ ȒȖȓȍș Ȗ ȗȘȖ-
ȊȖȓȖȟȕțȦ ȖȋȘȈȌț Ȑ șȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȎȈȓȒȐȑ ȒȘȐȒ ȇ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȦ
ȋȖȓȖȊț ȖȚ ȏȍȔȓȐ ǨȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȧ ȕȍȚ Ǫ ȗȣȓȐ — ȌȊȍ ȗȈȘȈȓ-
ȓȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȖȓȖșȣ ȖȚ ȠȐȕ ǶȕȐ ȖȉȘȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ț ȗȖȘȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȊȖȓȖȟȕȖȑ ȖȋȘȈȌȣ ǨȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ ȕȈ ȗȧȚȤșȖȚ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȕȐȎȍ, ȘȈȏ-
ȉȐȚȣȑ ȊȌȘȍȉȍȏȋȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȐȏțȘȖȌȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ ȚȘțȗȖȔ ȍȌȐȕșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȈ

56
ǬȈȓȤȠȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȌȉȐȘȈȦȚ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȖȒȘȖȊȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ
ȗȖȟȚȐ ȚȍȘȧȦȡȍȋȖ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ǨȔȐȕȚȈ
ǰȏ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ «ǺȘȐȉȦȕ Ȍȍ ǮȍȕȍȊ»
ǹȖȖȉ-
ȡȈȦȚșȧ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȐ Ȗȉ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜȍ 1 ȐȦ-
ȓȧ ǨȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ ȗȖȓȤșȒȖȋȖ șȗȖȘȚșȔȍȕȈ ȋ DzȈȏȐȔȐȘȈ ǹȚȘȎȐ-
ȋȖȞȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȐ șȗțșȒȍ Ȑȏ DzȖ Ȋ ǫȓȐȖȕ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȍ ȠȖșșȍ șȊȈ-
ȓȐȓșȧ ș ȊȣșȖȚȣ Ȋ ȗȧȚȤșȖȚ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ǪȓȈȌȍȓȍȞ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȧ
țșȗȍȓ ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȝȖȌț Ȑ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȓȍȋȒȐȍ ȘȈȕȍȕȐȧ ǬȘțȋ
ȋ ǹȚȘȎȐȋȖȞȒȖȋȖ ȋ ǹȚȐȉȖȘ ǩȖȕȐ ȔȓȈȌȠȐȑ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȤ ȗȖ-
șȖȓȤșȚȊȈ Ȋ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȍ țȉȐȚ ǷȘȐ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȐ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ ȘȈȏ-
ȉȐȓșȧ ȊȌȘȍȉȍȏȋȐ ǹȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȕȐȧȔ ȋ ǹȚȘȎȐȋȖȞȒȖȋȖ
ȊșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ ȘȈȏȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȧ ȘțȓȍȊȖȑ ȚȧȋȐ Ȗȕ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ
țȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤ ȔȈȠȐȕȖȑ ǫȖȘȍ ȋ DzȈȏȐȔȐȘȈ ǹȚȘȎȐȋȖȞȒȖȋȖ ȗȖ
ȗȖȊȖȌț țȚȘȈȚȣ ȌȘțȋȈ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȋȘȈȕȐȞ
1. …ǪȍȟȍȘȖȔ ș ȘțȒȖȑ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȊȧȏȐ Ȑ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȐșȞȈȘȈȗȈȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȊȐșȒȖȔ ȧ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ǨȔȐȕȚȍ ǵȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȖȏȓȖȎȍȕȈ
ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȔȐșșȐȧ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȚȤ ȍȍ Ȗ ȚȘȈȋȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ ǹȚȐ-
ȉȖȘȈ ǩȖȕȐ ȇ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ ȗȖșȚțȟȈȓșȧ Ǵȕȍ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȐ Ȑ ȧ ȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ ǨȔȐȕȚȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ ț ȖȒȕȈ. DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓȈșȤ
ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈ-
ȒȖȑ ǶȕȈ șȊȍȚȐȓȈșȤ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ șȊȍȘȝȢȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ
ȒȘȈșȖȚȖȑ ȇ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ ȕȍțȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȉȐȘȈȧ
șȓȖȊȈ
— ǴȖșȤȍ ǩȖȕȐ ȗȖȋȐȉ ǵȖ...
ǶȕȈ țȓȣȉȈȓȈșȤ ǻȓȣȉȈȓȈșȤ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ
Ȗ ȕȍȑ ȓȈȒȍȑ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈ ȘțȒȐ ȒȊȍȘȝț
ǩȘȈșȓȍȚ ǴȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȒȘțȎȖȒ ȕȈȌ ȓȖȒȚȍȔ
ǶȕȈ ȎȌȍȚ ǹȍȑȟȈș" ǵȍȚ!

57
ȇ ȉȘȖșȈȦșȤ Ȓ ȊȣȝȖȌț
Ǫ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȕȈșȔȍȠȒȈ ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȏȈ ȊșȦ ȔȖȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȧ șȖ-
ȌȘȖȋȈȦșȤ Ȑ ȖȡțȡȈȦ șȚȘȈȝ.
2. ǩȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȈȧ șȒȊȍȘȕȈȧ ȕȖȟȤ ǻȉȐȊȈȚȤ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȕȖ țȉȐ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȉȍșȞȍȓȤȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȓțȜȈȕȚȖȔȈ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȈ ȐȓȐ ȒȖ-
ȒȖȚȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗțȋȈȍȚ Țȍȉȧ — ȋȓțȗȖ ǬȕȍȔ ȧ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȊȖȑȚȐ Ȓ
ǨȔȐȕȚȍ ȕȖ ȌȖ ȚȘȍȝ ȟȈșȖȊ Ȍȕȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȓȐ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȍȘȣ Ȑ
ȔȍșȚȕȣȍ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȦȚ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȒȈȚȈșȚ-
ȘȖȜȣ ǪȗȖȓȕȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȖȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ ȘȈȏȢȧșȕȍȕȐȧ ǸȈȏȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȍ
ȘțȓȍȊȖȑ ȚȧȋȐ ȊșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ ȗȍȘȍȓȖȔȈ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȖȋȖ țȠȒȈ
Ǭȓȧ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȐșȚȖȊ — Ȋșȍ ȧșȕȖ
ǵȍșȟȈșȚȕȈȧ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖșȚȤ ǵȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȕȐȑ
ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ȝȖȘȖȕȧȚ ǹȚȐȉȖȘȈ ǩȖȕȐ ȇ ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȕȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤ
ǨȔȐȕȚț ȌȖ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕ ǻ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ, ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ, ȕȍȚ
ȉȓȐȏȒȐȝ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȕȖȚȈȘȐțșȈ-ȖȗȍȒțȕȈ ȅȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȍȚ ȒȈȒ
ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȓțȟȠȍ ǪȖȖȉȡȍ ȌȍȓȖ șȌȍȓȈȕȖ ȟȐșȚȖ Ȑ ȧ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ
șȚȈȘȈȦșȤ ȗȘȖȋȕȈȚȤ ȕȈȏȖȑȓȐȊȣȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș — ȏȈȟȍȔ" ȇ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ
ȕȈ șȍȉȧ Ȋșȍ ȘȈșȝȖȌȣ ǷȖȝȖȘȖȕȣ ȉțȌțȚ ȖȉșȚȈȊȓȍȕȣ ȊȍșȤȔȈ
ȗȘȐȓȐȟȕȖ ǩȍȌȕȣȑ ȦȕȖȠȈ
3. Ǫ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȟȈșȈ Ȍȕȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓȐ Ȋ șȈȓȖȕ ȇ ȊȝȖ-
Ȏț Ȑ ț ȗȖȘȖȋȈ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȦșȤ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȓ ȓȐȞț ș ȌȈȔȖȑ ǶȕȈ ȗȘȐȍ-
ȝȈȓȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ Ȑȏ dzȖȏȈȕȕȣ Ȋ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȍ ǪțȈȓȤ ȍȡȍ ȏȈȒ-
ȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȍȍ ȓȐȞȖ ǹȓȍȋȒȈ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȧȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț
— ǴȈȌȈȔ
ǶȕȈ ȝȊȈȚȈȍȚ ȔȖȦ ȘțȒț Ȑ șȎȐȔȈȍȚ ȍȍ Ǫ șȈȓȖȕȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ
ȕȍȚ ǬȈȔȈ Ȋ șȐȓȤȕȖȔ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȐ ȇ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ țșȈȎȐȊȈȦ ȍȍ Ȋ
ȒȘȍșȓȖ ǹȖ șȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȘȣȌȈȕȐȍȔ Ȋ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȔ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȐ
ȖȕȈ ȠȍȗȟȍȚ
— ǫȍȕȘȐȝ ǫȍȕȘȐȝ
— Ǫȣ Ǻȣ... — ȇ Ȑȡț șȓȖȊ ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȈ șȚȘȈșȚȤ
ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȊȓȈȌȍȍȚ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ǹȚȘȈșȚȤ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘțȦ ȕȍ țȔȍȘȚȊȐȓȐ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȋȖȌȈ ȇ ȕȍ șȍȕȚȐȔȍȕȚȈ-
ȓȍȕ ȕȖ ȧ ȚȖȎȍ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ
ǺȈȒȈȧ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋ șȈȓȖȕȍ ȖȚȍȓȧ — ȒȈȎȌțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț
ȔȖȋțȚ ȊȖȑȚȐ

58
ȇ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȎȐȔȈȦ ȍȍ ȘțȒȐ Ǵȣ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȔ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȖȚȒȘȣȚțȦ
ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȋ șȈȌ Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȐȌȍȔ Ȓ ȉȍșȍȌȒȍ șȗȘȧȚȈȕȕȖȑ Ȋ ȗȓȦ-
ȡȍ Ȑ ȠȐȗȖȊȕȐȒȍ ǵȈ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȑ șȈȌȖȊȖȑ șȒȈȔȍȑȒȍ ȖȕȈ ȚȐȝȖ
ȗȓȈȟȍȚ ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȧ ȊțȈȓȤ Ȓ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ DzȈȒ Ȋ ȒȐȕȍȔȈȚȖȋȘȈȜȍ
ȓțȟȐ ȏȈȒȈȚȈ ȖȚșȊȍȟȐȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȐȏțȔȘțȌȕȖȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȤȦ ȗȈȌȈȦȚ
ȕȈ ȕȈș Ǫșȍ ȍȡȍ șȚȘȖȑȕȖȍ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȦȕȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ Ǫșȍ ȍȡȍ
ȕȍȎȕȣȍ ȔȧȋȒȐȍ ȘțȒȐ dzȐȞȖ ȍȡȍ șȒȘȣȚȖ ȗȖȌ ȏȖȓȖȚȐșȚȖȑ
ȊțȈȓȤȦ ȕȖ ȧ ȊȍȘȦ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ Țȍ Ȏȍ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȖȗȈȓȖȊȈȧ
ȒȖȎȈ Ȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ. ǰ Ȕȕȍ țȎȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȚ ȌȊȈȌ-
ȞȈȚȐ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ ȓȍȚ ȕȍȚ ȔȖȍȑ șȍȌȐȕȣ Ȑ șȒȊȍȘȕȣȝ ȔȖȘȡȐȕ
ȅȚȖ ȀȍȕȉȘțȕȕ ȗȈȘȒ Ȋ ȀȍȕȉȘțȕȕȍ ȒțȌȈ Ȕȣ țȍȝȈȓȐ ȚȈȑȒȖȔ
Ȑȏ Ǫȍȕȣ ȗȖȒȈ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒ ǸȍȚȓȤ ȉȣȓ ȕȈ ȔȈȕȍȊȘȈȝ
ǰ Ȋ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȐ ȔȐȕțȚȈȝ ȖȚșȦȌȈ ȕȍȚ ȟȈșȖȊȕȐ ȞȐȕȒȖȊȖȋȖ
ȋȘȖȉȈ Ȑ ȐȏțȘȖȌȖȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȘțȗȈ ȔȖȍȑ ȎȍȘȚȊȣ
ȇ șȐȎț ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȗȓȈȟțȡȍȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȖȑ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȦ ȍȍ
ȘțȒȐ DzȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȥȚȈ ȘțȒȈ șȊȧȏȣȊȈȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ș ȔȖȍȑ ȉȍ-
ȏțȔȕȖȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȤȦ ȗțșȚȤ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖȑ Ȑ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȖȑ
ǷȖ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȎȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧȚ ȓȦȌȐ ǯȊȖȕȒȐȍ ȋȖȓȖșȈ șȐȘȍ-
ȕȣ ȔȈȠȐȕ Ȑ ȋțȌȒȐ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌȖȊ ȕȈ ȖȏȍȘȍ ǰ ȧ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț
ȕȈȑȚȐ șȓȖȊ
— ȇ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȈ ǫȍȕȘȐȝ
ȇ șȓȣȠț ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȕȐȏȒȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȔȍȓȖȌȐȦ șȓȖȊ Ȑ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ
ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ șȔȍȦȡȈȧșȧ Ȑ ȗȓȈȟțȡȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ
— ȇ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ ǸȍȚȓȧ ǫȍȕȘȐȝ ȕȖ Ȋȣ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȓȐ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖ
ș ȕȐȔ ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȟȚȖ ȊȈȔ ȕțȎȕȣ
ȉȣȓȐ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ șțȌȍȑ-
șȒȐȔ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒȈȔ șȣȡȐȒȈȔ Ȑ ȉȍȎȈȓȐ Ȑȏ Ǫȍȕȣ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȧ ȊȈ-
ȠȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ
— ǯȐȚȚȈ — ȧ ȏȈȋȓțȠȈȦ ȍȍ șȓȖȊȈ — ǯȐȚȚȈ — Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȈȊ-
ȌȈ ȕȖ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ Ȕȍȕȧ țȗȘȍȒȈȚȤ ǯȐȚȚȈ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȗȘȈȊȣ Ȋ
ȖȌȐȖȔ ȇ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȊȈș ȇ ȓȦȉȐȓ Ȑ Ȋȣ ȥȚȖ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ
ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȐșȒȈȓȐ ȉȣ Ȑ ȕȍ ȕȈȠȓȐ ȉȣ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǵȈ șȍȒțȕȌț ȖȕȈ țȔȖȓȒȈȍȚ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȍȚ ȋȖȘȤȒȖ ȎȈ-
ȓțȧșȤ:
— ǹțȌ ǸȍȚȓȤ ȗȖȒȖȕȟȐȓ ș șȖȉȖȑ ǴȖȐ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȣ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ
țȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȋȈȏȍȚȈȝ Ǵȍȕȧ șțȌȧȚ ȕȖ ȧ Ȏȍ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȍȋȖ ȖȕȐ
ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ǹțȌȤȐ ȝȖȚȧȚ ȗȖȋțȉȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ
ȧșȕȈ ȐșȚȐȕȈ ȇ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȕȈ Ǫ ȋȓțȝȖȑ ȌȍȘȍȊțȠȒȍ Ȋ ǪȍȕȋȘȐȐ

59
ȋȖȌ ȧ ȗȘȧȟțșȤ ȖȚ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ ȧ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȦ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ
șȕȖȉȈ ȗȖȓȤșȒȖȋȖ Ȓȕȧȏȧ ǸȈȌȖȔȐȘșȒȖȋȖ Ƕȕ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌțȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ
Ȗȕ ȓȦȉȐȚ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȗȕ ȎȍȕȐȚșȧ ȕȈ Ȕȕȍ ǴȐȓȓȐȖȕȣ ȌȊȖȘȞȣ
ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȎȐȏȕȐ ș ȗȖȓțȚȘțȗȖȔ ǰ ȊșȦ-
Ȍț Ȋȣ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȧ țȏȕȈȦ ȊȈș ȗȖȌ ȔȈșȒȖȑ ȇ țȏȕȈȦ ȊȈș ȗȖ ȊȈ-
Ƞȍȑ ȌȍȘȏȖșȚȐ ȗȖ ȚȍȔ ȔȖȌȈȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋȣ ȊȊȖȌȐȚȍ ȗȖ ȚȖȔț
șȓȍȌț ȒȘȖȊȐ ȊȐȕȈ Ȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȚȧȕȍȚșȧ ȏȈ ȊȈȔȐ ǹȚȈ-
ȘȐȒ țȔȐȘȈȍȚ ȇ șȕȖȊȈ ȕȈȝȖȎț ȊȈș Ȋ ǪȈȘȠȈȊȍ ȇ ȗȖșȣȓȈȦ ȊȈȔ
ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȧ ȚȈȑȒȖȔ ȊȐȎț ȊȈș ȧ ȎȌț Ȍȕȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȕȟȈȚșȧ ȜȖȘ-
ȔȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȔȍșȧȞ ȚȘȈțȘȈ ǰ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
ǶȕȈ ȖȚȒȐȕțȓȈ ȊțȈȓȤ ǹȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȍ șȍȌȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȎȍȓȚȣȑ
ȗȘȖȜȐȓȤ șȓȖȕȖȊȖȑ ȒȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Țȍ Ȏȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ
ȊȗȈȌȐȕȈȝ
ǬȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ Ȑ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȌȊȈ ǹȖȘȖȒ ȠȍșȚȤ ȓȍȚ
— ǫȍȕȘȐȝ ț ȊȈș ȉțȌțȚ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȣ ț ȊȈș ȉțȌȍȚ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȈȧ
ȔțȌȘȈȧ șȚȈȘȖșȚȤ ț ȊȈș ȉțȌȍȚ șȍȔȤȧ ǹȓțȠȈȑȚȍ șȓțȠȈȑȚȍ
ǫȍȕȘȐȝ
ǶȕȈ ȊșȚȈȍȚ ǭȍ ȘțȒȐ șȎȐȔȈȦȚ ȔȖȐ ȗȓȍȟȐ ǶȕȈ ȌȘȖȎȐȚ
ȖȚ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ
— ǻ ȕȈș ȍșȚȤ șȣȕ. ȅȚȖ ȊȈȠ șȣȕ ǫȍȕȘȐȝ ǭȔț ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ
ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ ǵȖ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȥȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧ
ȗȘȧȚȈȓȈ Ȋ ȊȍȕȋȍȘșȒȖȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ DzȈȒ ȧ șȖȝȘȈȕȧȓȈ ȥȚț ȚȈȑȕț
ȖȚ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ Ȓȕȧȏȧ ȖȚ ȍȋȖ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȝ ȖȚ ȊșȍȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ȇ ȌȈȓȈ
ȍȔț ȟțȎȖȍ ȐȔȧ Ȗȕ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȖȉȖ Ȕȕȍ ǯȈ ȊșȦ ȍȋȖ
ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȘȈȏȈ Ǫȣ țȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ ǫȍȕȘȐȝ
Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȕȣ ȚȘȖȍ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȚȈȕȍȔșȧ Ƕȕ ȏȌȍșȤ ǫȍȕȘȐȝ Ƕȕ
ȏȌȍșȤ...
ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ țȌȈȘ șȍȘȌȞȈ ǮȐȓȣ ȔȖȐ ȕȈȓȐȊȈȦȚ-
șȧ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȖȓȖȊȖȔ ȇ ȝȖȓȖȌȍȦ ȖȚ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊ-
șȚȊȐȧ ǰ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȋȓțȝȖ ȏȊțȟȈȚ șȓȖȊȈ
— Ƕȕ ȏȌȍșȤ… Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ șȦȌȈ ȗȖ ȔȖȍȔț ȗȐșȤȔț ǴȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȋȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȍȋȖ ǭȋȖ ȐȔȧ ǹȚȐȉȖȘ ǩȖȕȐ
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ ȧ Ȋ ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍȕȐȐ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ
ȕțȎȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ
— ǯȐȚȚȈ Ƕȕ Ȋ ȟȈșȖȊȕȍ ȕȈ ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȍ ǪȈȠȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȚȈȔ
ȇ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȦ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǹȚȖȕ Ȑ ȠȍȓȍșȚ ȗȓȈȚȤȧ
ǵȍ ȗȖȔȕȦ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȕȖ ȧ ȗȘȐȝȖȎț Ȋ șȍȉȧ
ȖȚ ȊȓȈȎȕȖȑ ȊȍȟȍȘȕȍȑ ȘȖșȣ Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȈ. ǩȍșȍȌȒȈ Ȋ ȗȓȦȡȍ ǵȖȟȤ

60
ǰȏ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȖȒȖȕ ȖȚȍȓȧ șȓȣȠȕȈ ȔțȏȣȒȈ
dzȦȌȐ Ȋ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȝ ȞȐȓȐȕȌȘȈȝ Ȑ ȓȐȊȘȍȧȝ ȖȉȠȐȚȣȝ șȍ-
ȘȍȉȘȖȔ ȖȗțșȚȐȓȐ Ȋ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȋȖȊȈȚțȦ ȋȓȐȕȧȕțȦ ȧȔț ȞȐȕȒȖ-
Ȋȣȑ ȋȘȖȉ Ǫ ȥȒȐȗȈȎȍ ȒȕȧȋȐȕȐ ǸȈȌȖȔȐȘșȒȖȑ ȉȣȊȠȍȑ ȜȘȈț
ǸȍȚȓȤ ȧ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ȖȚȍȓȤ ǹ ȗȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ-șȖȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ
ȊȐȌȖȔ ȧ șȓțȠȈȓ ȍȍ ǶȕȈ ȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ ȕȈȌ ȒȖȓȤȞȖȔ ș ȐȏțȔȘțȌȖȔ
ȕȈȌ ȒȖȓȤȞȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȧ ȖȚȌȈȓ ȍȑ DzȈȒ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ șȊȧȏȈȓ ȕȈș
ȚȘȖȐȝ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ ȒȘțȎȖȒ ș ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔ ȒȈȔȕȍȔ ȇ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ
ȕȈȌ ȍȍ ȘțȒȖȑ
— ǵȍ țȝȖȌȐȚȍ
— ǯȐȚȚȈ
ǶȕȈ țȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȎȈȓȒȐȔȐ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈ-
ȔȐ ǶȕȈ țȋȈȌȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȧ țȝȖȎț ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ
— ǵȍ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȑȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ
— ȇ ȐȌț șȊȖȐȔ ȗțȚȍȔ ǯȐȚȚȈ ȇ ȕȍ șȔȍȦ ȐȌȚȐ ș ȊȈȔȐ
ǯȈȗȘȖȒȐȕțȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȖȕȈ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șțȝȐȔȐ
ȗȘȖȕȐȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
ȇ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȕȈ ȉȍȏȔȖȓȊȕȣȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș ǰ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ
ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȊ ȕȈ ȐȏțȔȘțȌ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȕȈ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓȈ Ȑ ȏȈȒ-
ȘȣȓȈ ȓȐȞȖ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
ǾȍȗȤ ȉȣșȚȘȣȝ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ
ǵȈȠ șȣȕ — ȧ — ȒȖȓȤȞȖ — ȒȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜȈ «ǹȓȍȌ ȊȐȕȈ ȏȖ-
ȓȖȚȈ Ȑ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȚȧȕȍȚșȧ»
Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȕȧȓȈ Ȋșȍ
— ȅȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȓȐ Ȋȣ
ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȥȚȐȝ șȓȖȊ ȕȖ ȖȕȐ ȧȊșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȗȘȖȏȊțȟȈȓȐ Ȋ ȔȖȐȝ țȠȈȝ ȇ ȊȣȠȍȓ
ȇ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ǨȔȐȕȚȣ Ȑ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ ȒȓȦȟ Ȋ
ȏȈȔȒȍ
ǶȕȈ șȐȌȐȚ Ȋ ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȧȦȡȍȑ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖșȚȐ ǺȘțȌ-
ȕȖ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȎȐȊȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȤ
ȚȈȒțȦ șȚȘȈȠȕțȦ Ȑ ȋȘȍȠȕțȦ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖșȚȤ
— Ǫȣ ȍȌȍȚȍ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ǨȔȐȕȚȈ"
ǶȕȈ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ ȕȖ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȧșȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟț
șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ
ǶȕȈ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ Ȋ ȔȖȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȧ ȊȐȎț șȝȖȌșȚȊȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ ș ȚȍȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ
Ȋ ȓȖȋȖȊȍ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ǹ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ ȕȈȏȈȌ ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȐȞ

61
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȕȣȝ Ȋ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖȔ ȐșșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȐ ȋȓȈȏ ȋțȉȣ
ȔȕȖȋȐȝ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȓțȒȈȊȣȍ ȋȘȍȠȕȣȍ șȚȘȖȋȐȍ Ȑ ȏȓȣȍ ȘȚȣ
ȗȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȗȖȓțȉȘȍȌț ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȈȚȤ
ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȖȌȐȕ ȋȖȌ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ ȖȚȕȣȕȍ Ȑ ȕȈȊȍȒȐ șȖ
ȔȕȖȑ ȇ ȉȘȖșȈȦșȤ Ȓ ȍȍ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȔ ȇ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȦ Ȑȝ ȞȍȗȒȐȔȐ
ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȅȚȖ ȎȐȊȖȍ ȚȘȍȗȍȡțȡȍȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȧ Ȗȡț-
ȡȈȦ ȍȋȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȖȕȒȐȑ, șȖȋȘȍȚȣȑ ȥȚȐȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ ȠȍȓȒ ǸȈȏȊȍ
Ȍȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ șȚȖȐȓȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȚȘȐ Ȍȕȧ ȕȈȏȈȌ"
ǶȕȈ ȕȍ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȖȕȈ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȖȌȖȓ-
ȋȖȊȈȚȣȔȐ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȔȐȜȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
Ȋșȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȊȍȒȈ
ȇ, șȚȈȘȣȑ ȉȍȏțȔȍȞ ȗȘȖȠȍȌȠȐȑ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȋȘȍȠȕȣȝ Ȑ șȚȘȈ-
Ƞȕȣȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦȡȐȑ șȚȘȈȝȈ Ȑ ȗȘȍȏȐȘȈȦȡȐȑ șȔȍȘȚȤ
ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈ șȒȓȖȕȍ ȓȍȚ ȧ — țȉȐȑȞȈ ȔȖȍȋȖ șȣȕȈ
ǰ ȧ ȌȘȖȎț Ȋ țȎȈșȍ ȚȘȍȗȍȡț Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȐ ȚȈȑȕȣ ȇ ȕȍ
șȔȍȦ ȒȖșȕțȚȤșȧ ȍȍ ȒȈȒ ȒȈșȈȓșȧ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȕȍ șȔȍȦ
ȗȘȐȒȖșȕțȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȚȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȖȉȈȋȘȐȓ
ȒȘȖȊȤȦ șȊȖȐ ȘțȒȐ ǶȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȓȈȟȍȚ ȕȍ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȕȍ
ȋȘȖȏȐȚ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȍȚ ǶȕȈ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ șȊȖȐȔȐ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȣ-
ȔȐ țȎȈșȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȅȚȖ ȚȈȑȕȈ Ȑ ȧ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȍȞ ȚȈȑȕ
ȉȖȦșȤ ȍȍ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȧ ȗȘȐȒȈșȈȦșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȧșȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȐ
ȞȍȗȒȐȍ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ ȕȍ ȊȣȗțșȚȧȚ ȍȍ ǶȕȈ ș ȉȍșșȚȣȌȕȣȔ ȘȈȊȕȖ-
ȌțȠȐȍȔ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȘțȒȐ ȒȊȍȘȝț Ȑ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ǷȈ-
ȌȈȍȚ Ȓ ȗȓȍȟț ȠȐȘȖȒȐȑ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȑ ȘțȒȈȊ Ȑ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȚȖȕȒȐȑ
ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȒȘțȎȖȒ ț ȒȐșȚȐ — ȉȘȈșȓȍȚ Ȑȏ ȕȍȊȐȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ
ȔȍȚȈȓȓȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȊȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȘȈȏ ȇ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȦ ȍȍ ȕȈ
ȘțȒȐ ǶȕȈ ȖȗțșȒȈȍȚ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȋȓȧȌȐȚ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ǫ Ȗȋ-
ȘȖȔȕȖȔ ȈȓȤȒȖȊȍ ȋȌȍ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ș ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȧ ȖȗțșȒȈȦ
ȍȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȌțȠȒȐ Ȑ ȎȌț ǶȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȍȚ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȘțȒȐ ȇ ȉȍȘț
ȍȍ ȘțȒț ȊȣȠȍ ȓȖȒȚȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȚȧȋȐȊȈȦ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȐ
ȌȖȓȋȖ ȎȍȓȈȕȕȣȝ ȋțȉ
ǴȖȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ șȒȖȓȤȏȧȚ ǶȕȐ ȒȈșȈȦȚșȧ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȔȍȚȈȓ-
ȓȈ — ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȒȘțȎȒȈ ȉȘȈșȓȍȚȈ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȘțȒȍ ȇ țȎȍ
ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȦ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ǰ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȗȘȐȚȧȋȐȊȈȦ ȍȍ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ǽȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ
ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȒȘțȎȖȒ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȚ ȊȕȐȏ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȓȖȒȚȧ ȊȌȖȓȤ
ȒȐșȚȐ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ ǰ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȓȦ-

ȡȐȑ, ȖȗȘȖȒȐȌȣȊȈȦȡȐȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȊȏȕȐȟȤ ȚȖȓȟȖȒ ȓȐȓȖȊȈȧ
ȔȖȓȕȐȧ ǸțȒȐ ȔȖȐ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȦȚ ȗțșȚȖȚț ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș ȕȍȚ
Ǫ ȗȍȘȊțȦ șȍȒțȕȌț Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȖȔȍȠȈȓșȧ ȇ ȏȈ-
ȒȘȣȊȈȦ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȦ Ȑȝ ȇ ȞȈȘȈ-
ȗȈȦ șȍȉȍ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȉȖȓȤ ȇ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȦșȤ ȏȈȎȐȋȈȦ Ȋșȍ
ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȓȈȔȗȣ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ǵȖ ȧ ȖȌȐȕ ȖȌȐȕ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȖȚȍȓȧ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȧ ȏȈȗȍȘ ȕȈ ȒȓȦȟ ȅȚȖ ȕȍ
ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȧ. ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȉȘȍȌ ȅȚȖ — ȞȍȗȤ ȚȈȑȕ ȗȍȘȊȖȍ ȏȊȍȕȖ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ — ǴȖșȒȊȈ ȒȖȗȚșȒȐȑ ȧȏȣȒ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȑ ȊȘȈȟ Ȑ ȕȍ-
ȏȈȉȣȊȈȍȔȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ Ȉ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ — ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȑ
ȒȘțȎȖȒ ȉȘȈșȓȍȚ ǨȔȐȕȚȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ Ȑ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ ȌȍȘȎț Ȑ ȖȡțȡȈȦ
ȇ ȗȖȌȕȖȠț ȍȋȖ Ȓ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ Ȑ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȦ ț ȓȈȔȗȣ Ǫȕț-
ȚȘȐ ȒȘțȎȒȈ ȕȈ șȋȐȉȍ șȓȖȊȖ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȖȍ ȘțșșȒȐȔȐ ȉțȒȊȈȔȐ
Ȑ ȞȐȜȘȣ
©DzȈșȐȔȖȊ ª

63
ǽǼǿǹdzDzǻǶdz ǵǮǺdzȀǸǶ
1. ...«ǩȍȓȣȑ ȖȘȍȓ» ǶȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȘȍȉțȦȚ țȉȐȑșȚȊȈ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ
Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ Ȓ  ȟȈșȈȔ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȈȍȚ
ȕȈ ǹȍȊȍȘȕȣȑ ȊȖȒȏȈȓ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș
șȍȌȖȑ ȖșȚȘȖȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȑ ȉȖȘȖȌȒȖȑ Ȑ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ
ȅȚȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȕȣȑ ȒȖȔȐșșȈȘ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȐ ǹȖȊȍȚȖȊ ǶȕȐ ȝȖȚȧȚ ȍȋȖ
șȔȍȘȚȐ ȕȖ ȉȖȧȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȗȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȏȈȉȘȣȏȋȈȦȚ ȗȖȘȚ-
ȜȍȓȐ Ȑȝ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȖȊ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȚȍȘȧȚȤ ț
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȍȚ ȘȖȌȐȕȣ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȚȤ țȉȐȑșȚȊȖ ǵȍțȎȍ-
ȓȐ Ȏȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȌȍȊȧȚȤȦ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȗȘȖȠȓȣȔ ȋȖ-
ȌȐȚșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȕȈȍȔȕȣȍ țȉȐȑȞȣ" ǶȕȐ ȌțȔȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒ ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈ șȔȍȘȚȤ ©ǩȍȓȣȔ ȖȘȓȖȔ» ȏȈȝȖȟȍȚ ȥȚȐȔ
ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȔ ȒțȗȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǷȘȖșȚȈȧ ȌȖ ȋȓțȗȖșȚȐ ȐȋȘȈ
ǭșȓȐ ȧ ȗȖșȓȍ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȈ ȌȖȎȐȊț ȌȖ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȈ ȚȖ ȒȚȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȚ
ȚȘȐȎȌȣ ȠȗȐȖȕț, ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ Ȓțȗȓȍȕ ȚȈȑȕȖȑ ȔȖȕȈȘȝȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȓȐ-
ȋȖȑ" ǭșȓȐ Ȏȍ ȧ țȉȍȋț ȚȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȐșȚȘȍȓȐȚȤ ȓȐȠ-
ȕȍȋȖ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȧ ©ǩȍȓȖȋȖ ȖȘȓȈ».
ȇ ȊȣșȓțȠȈȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȋ ȒȘțȋȓȣȝ ȖȟȒȈȝ Ȑ ș ȎȍȔȟțȋȖȔ Ȋ
ȋȈȓșȚțȝȍ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ ȐȋȘȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȚȘȖșȚȤȦ ǺȖȓșȚȣȑ ǫȍȘȔȍș ȚȈȑ-
ȕȖȑ ȓȐȋȐ Ƕȕ șȐȓȐȓșȧ ȉȣȚȤ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȔ Ȑ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȣȔ ȊȈȎ-
ȕȖȑ ȔȐșșȐȐ ȇ ȊșȚȈȓ ȗȘȖȠȍȓșȧ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ
ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȕȍȋȖ
— ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȉȣ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȊȈȠȍ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ,
ȕȖ șȍȑȟȈș ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ
Ƕȕ țȘȖȕȐȓ Ƞȓȧȗț ȕȈ ȗȖȓ ȧ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȍȍ
— ǪȐȌȐȚȍ ȓȐ ȧ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȕ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȌȈȔȖȑ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȚ
ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ ȋȓțȗȣȔȐ țȋȖȓȖȊȕȣȔȐ ȘȖȔȈȕȈȔȐ
ǯȈȚȍȔ ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȧ țȚȘțȎȌȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȧ Ȋȣ ȠȊȣȘȕțȓ
ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȠȐȊȖȘȖȚ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȘȖșȚȤȦ ȒȘțȋȓȣȔȐ ȖȟȒȈȔȐ Ȑ Ƞȓȧ-
ȗȖȑ.ǿȍȘȚ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȗțșȚȤ țȉȐȊȈȦȚ
ǨȔȐȕȚȈ
ǨȔȐȕȚȈ ǬȍșȧȚȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȧ Ȑȡț ȍȍ șȓȍȌȖȊ ȇ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȦ Ȋ
ȥȚȖ ȕȍȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȐșȟȍȏȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȋȐȗȕȖȏ
ǻȓȖȊȒȈ ȋȐȗȕȖȚȐȏȍȘȠȐ ȖșȚȈȊȐȊȠȍȑ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ — ȔȍȚȈȓ-

64
ȓȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȒȘțȎȖȒ ǵȈ ȔȖȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȚ ȉȍș-
șȓȍȌȕȖ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȚȣșȧȟȕȖȑ ȚȖȓȗȍ ȇ țȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȌȈȔȍ
ȗȘȐȍȝȈȊȠȍȑ Ȑȏ ȀȊȍȑȞȈȘȐȐ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓȐ ȒȖȕȚȘȈȒȚ Ȋ «ǫȍ-
ȓȐȖș-ȜȐȓȤȔ» ǬȐȘȍȒȚȖȘ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕ-ȊȈȋȖȕȍ șȜȖ-
ȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȍȍ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȍȑ ȒȖȕȚȘȈȒȚ ȕȈ ȗȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ
ȇ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ș ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘȖȔ Ǫȍșȍȓȣȑ ȉȈȌȍȕȍȞ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȍȚ
ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȕȖȊțȦ ȏȊȍȏȌț șȐȕȍȔȈ
— ǭȋȐȗȍȚșȒȐȑ ȗȘȖȜȐȓȤǫȓȈȏȈ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦȚ ȘȈȊȕȣȝ ǸȖȚ
ȓȐȕȐȐ ȗȓȍȟ ȘȖșȚ Dz șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȦ ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐȑ șȕȐ-
ȔȖȒ ȕȍ țȌȈȓșȧ Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓ ȔȈȌȈȔ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȒȖȕȚȖȘț ǹȢȍȔȒȈ
Ȋ ǹȚȈȈȒȍȕș Ȋ ȈȚȍȓȤȍ ǼȐȓȤȔȈ «ǬȖȟȤ ǷșȈȔȔȍȚȐȝȈ șȍȔȕȈȌȞȈ-
ȚȖȋȖ». ǫȓȈȊȕȈȧ ȘȖȓȤ ǷȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈ ǼȘȐȌȘȐȝȈ ǼȘȍȧ DzȈȎȍȚ-
șȧ ȖȕȈ — ȘțșșȒȈȧ ǨȌȘȍș" Ǫ ȌȈȕȕțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț ȔȈȌȈȔ șȕȐȔȈȍȚ-
șȧ Ȋ «ǫȍȓȐȖș-ȈȚȍȓȤȍ» ǹȖȘȖȒ ȔȐȕțȚ ȍȏȌȣ Ȋ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȍ
ǴȖșȤȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȍȚșȧ ǴȖșȤȍ ȗȖȒțȗȈȍȚ ȜȐȓȤȔȣ? «ǫȍȓȐȖș-
ȜȐȓȤȔ» ȉțȌȍȚ ȘȈȌ ȗȖȝȊȈșȚȈȚȤșȧ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȑ Ȋȕȍ ȒȖȕȒțȘȍȕȞȐȐ.
ǸȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ — șȖȘȖȒ ȔȐȕțȚ Ȋ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȍ — Ȕȣ ȗȘȖȍȏ-
ȎȈȍȔ Ȋ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȖȌȕț ȔȐȕțȚț ȀȖȜȍȘ ȕȍ ȉȖȐȚșȧ ȠȚȘȈȜȖȊ
ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȧ ȖȗȓȈȟȐȊȈȦ Ȋșȍ țȉȣȚȒȐ ȥȚȖȑ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȍȑ
ȍȏȌȣ ȗȖ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȐȔ țȓȐȞȈȔ.
Ǵȣ — ȏȈ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ ȇ ȊȐȎț ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȍ șȚȘȖȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȗȖȔȐ-
ȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡȐȍ ȈȕȋȈȘȣ Ȍȓȧ ȌȐȘȐȎȈȉȓȍȑ ǹȒȊȖȏȤ ȏȈȗȣȓȍȕ-
ȕțȦ ȒȘȣȠț — ȚțșȒȓȣȍ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȍ ȓțȟȐ ǹȓȈȉȣȍ Ȑ ȚțșȒȓȣȍ
ȓțȟȐ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȖșȓȍȗȓȧȦȡȐȔ ȘȖȊȕȣȔ ȉȍȓȣȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ șȖȚȕȐ
ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȓȈȔȗ
ǬȐȘȍȒȚȖȘ «ǫȍȓȐȖșȈ» ȕȈșȒȖȘȖ șȖȖȉȡȈȍȚ Ȕȕȍ ȞȐȜȘȣ — ȗȓȖ-
ȡȈȌȤ ȈȚȍȓȤȍ, șȊȍȚȖșȐȓț ȓȈȔȗ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ șȚȈȚȐșȚȖȊ Ȑ ȏȊȍ-
Șȍȑ țȟȈșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ Ȋ «ǷșȈȔȔȍȚȐȝȍ» ǹȘȍȌȐ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȣȝ Ȗȋ-
ȘȣȏȒȖȊ ȒȖȓȖȕȕ șȜȐȕȒșȖȊ ȗȐȘȈȔȐȌ ȜȘȖȕȚȖȕȖȊ ȝȘȈȔȖȊ Ȑ
ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡȐȝ ȔȍȚȍȓȒȐ ȗȈȓȤȔ Ȕȣ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȔșȧ ȕȈ ȗȓȖ-
ȡȈȌȒț ȘȍȎȐșșȍȘȈ Ȋ ȚȖȚ șȈȔȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȘȈȏȌȈȍȚșȧ ȘȖ-
ȎȖȒ Ȑ ȍȡȍ șȖȚȕȧ ȥȚȐȝ țȎȈșȈȦȡȐȝ ȓȈȔȗ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȍȚ ȗȖȌ
șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȖȑ ȒȘȣȠȍȑ ȈȕȋȈȘȈ
— DzȈȒȈȧ țȌȈȟȈ ǴȖșȤȍ ȗȖȗȈȓ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒșȚȈȚȐ
ǩȖȓȤȠȈȧ șȞȍȕȈ
— ǫȌȍ ȔȈȌȈȔ"
— Ǫȣ țȊȐȌȐȚȍ ǴȈȌȈȔ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖȏȎȍ DzȘțȗȕȣȍ ȗȓȈȕȣ

65
ȇ ȊȐȎț ȒȈȒ ȊȕȐȏț ȗȍȘȍȌ șȍȘȣȔ ȗȖȓȖȚȕȧȕȣȔ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕ-
ȚȖȔ Ȑ șȜȐȕȒșȖȔ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȖȑ Ȋ ȗȧȚȐȥȚȈȎȕȣȑ ȌȖȔ ȕȈ ȕȈșȚȖȧ-
ȡȐȝ ȗȍșȟȈȕȣȝ ȉțȋȘȈȝ șȒȈȟțȚ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȖȚ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȖȊ ǬȈ-
ȓȍȍ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ȉȖȑ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȐ ȓȍȚȧȚ ȟȍ-
Șȍȏ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ Ȑ țȔȐȘȈȦȚ Ȋ ȕȍȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ Ȕțȟȍ-
ȕȕȧȝ
ǽțȌȖȑ ȒȖșȔȈȚȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș șȍȌȣȔȐ ȒȓȖȟȤȧȔȐ ȊȖȓȖș ȒȘȐ-
ȟȐȚ Ȋ ȘțȗȖȘ
— ǷȧȚȈȧ ȋȘțȗȗȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȧȘȖșȚȐ ǩȖȓȤȠȍ ȜȈȕȈȚȐȏȔȈ!
ǬȐȘȍȒȚȖȘ «ǫȍȓȐȖșȈ» ȝȊȈȚȈȍȚ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒ ȘțȗȖȘ Ȑ ȒȘȐȟȐȚ
ȉȈȋȘȖȊȍȧ ȖȚ ȕȈȚțȋȐ
— ǯȈ Ȋșȍ ȊȣȊȐȝȐ țȊȍȟȤȧ Ȑ șȐȕȧȒȐ — ȌȊȖȑȕȈȧ ȗȓȈȚȈ...
ȇ ȌȍȘȋȈȦ ȏȈ ȗȐȌȎȈȒ ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘȈ
— ǰȔȧ ȌȖȟȍȘȐ ǷșȈȔȔȍȚȐȝȈ"
ǬȐȘȍȒȚȖȘ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȍȚ ȘțȗȖȘ ȘȍȎȐșșȍȘț ȖȚȒȈȠȓȐȊȈȧșȤ
ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ
— ǷȖ șȞȍȕȈȘȐȦ — ǨȐȌȈ ȅȚȖ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȓ ȧ ǵțȎȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȗțȓȧȘȕȖȍ ȐȔȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȓȐ?
Ǵȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȐȔȧ ȈȒȚȘȐșȣ.
— ǼȐȘȔȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȓȈ ǹȖȋȓȈșȐȚȍșȤ ȥȚȖ ȚȖȎȍ
ȕȔȍșȚ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ǪȣȉȖȘ ȐȔȍȕȐ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȡȍȑ
ȈȒȚȘȐșȣ..
— ǫȌȍ ȖȕȈ"
Ƕȕ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȎȍșȚ ȊȗȘȈȊȖ
ǷȖ ȌȘțȋțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȐ ȗȐȘȈȔȐȌȣ ȝȘȈȔ ȚȍȘȘȈșȈ
ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȈ Ȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Țȣșȧȟ șȚȈȚȐșȚȖȊ Ȋ ȧȊȕȖ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ
ȗȖȏȍ ǷȘȖȝȖȌȐȚ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȧȚȐ ȔȐȕțȚ ȗȖȒȈ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȍ
șȖȓȕȞȈ Ȑȏ ȗȖȓȖȚȕȧȕȖȑ ȗțșȚȣȕȐ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȡȈȦȚșȧ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȦ ȝȘȈȔȈ ǯȈȚȍȔ șȕȖȊȈ ȘȖȎȖȒ ȘȐȚȔȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ
Ȑ ȊȖȗȓȐ Ȋ ȘțȗȖȘ ȝțȌȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǵȈ ȚȍȘȘȈșȍ ȝȘȈȔȈ ȗȖșȓȍ-
ȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȐȖ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȖȚȘȧȌ ȊȖȐȕȖȊ ȥȜȐȖȗȣ ȍȊȕțȝȐ ȔȈȓȤ-
ȟȐȒȐ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȦȡȐȍ ȗȈȎȍȑ ȎȘȍȞȣ, — Ȋșȍ Ȋ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍ
ȗȘȐȊȖȌȧȡȍȔ Ȋ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋ ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘȈ «ǫȍȓȐȖșȈ» ǶȞȍȗȍȕȍȊ ȖȚ
ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȧ ȕȈȗȘȧȋȈȦ ȏȘȍȕȐȍ Ǫ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ șȊȍȘ-
ȒȈȦȡȍȔ ȗȓȈȡȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ǷȖȟȚȐ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȘȖșȚ Ǿȍȑș
ȇ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȦ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȤ ț șȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȗȈȌȈȦ Ȓ șȚȍȒȓȈȔ ǶȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȒȈȘȐȒȈȚțȘȈ ǪțȓȤȋȈȘȕȈȧ
ȐȏȔȈȏȈȕȕȈȧ ȒȘȈșȒȖȑ ȈȒȚȘȐșȈ Ȋ ȓȐȞȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȟȍȘ-

66
Țȣ ȕȐ ȚȍȕȐ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș ȇ ȉȘȖșȈȦ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȤ Ȑ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȧ Ȋ țȎȈș ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘȈ țȉȍȋȈȦ ȖȚ ȗȖȌȌȍȓȤȕȣȝ șȖȓȕȞ,
ȒȈȘȚȖȕȕȣȝ ȝȘȈȔȖȊ ȗȈȓȤȔ șȜȐȕȒșȖȊ ȗȐȘȈȔȐȌ Ȑ șȚȈȘȣȝ ȏȈ-
ȋȘȐȔȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ
ȇ țȍȏȎȈȦ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ Ȋ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȦ Ȑ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ǷȖȎȈȓțȑ ȥȚȖ
ȗȖȓȍȏȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȧ ǪȟȍȘȈ ȧ țȋȖȌȐȓ Ȋ țȓȐȟȕțȦ ȗȍ-
ȘȍșȚȘȍȓȒț ǷȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒȐȍ ȗȣȚȈȓȐșȤ ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȚȖȓȗȍ ȌȊțȝ
ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ DzȈȒȐȍ ȚȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȖȌȍȚȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ șȚȘȍȓȧȓȐ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȧ
ȗȖȓȐȞȕȐ ǵȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȗțȓȐ ȓȍȚȍȓȐ Ȋ Țț șȚȖȘȖȕț ȋȌȍ ȧ țȒ-
ȘȣȊȈȓșȧ
ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȔȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȕȖ
Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȧ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȦ ȗȘȐȍȔȣ «ǩȍȓȖȋȖ ȖȘȓȈ».
ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȏȍ ȔȖȑ ȈȘȝȐȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȧ ȐȔȍȦ ȗȘȈȊȖ ȋȖȘȌȐȚȤ-
șȧ — ȖȒȖȓȖ ȌȊțȝșȖȚ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȐ ȎȍȕșȒȐȝ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȖȊ ȚȣșȧȟȈ ș
ȓȐȠȕȐȔ ȗȐșȍȔ ȔȖȐȝ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ șȚȈ ȗȘȧȌȍȑ
ȊȖȓȖș Ȋșȍȝ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȖȚȚȍȕȒȖȊ Ȑ ȞȊȍ-
ȚȖȊ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȉȣȚȤ
ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȣ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȔ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȌȍȘȎȈȊ Ȑ șȈȔȖȍ ȊȈȎ-
ȕȖȍ ȔȖȐ ȏȈȗȐșȒȐ ȔȖȑ ȕȍțȌȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȌȕȍȊȕȐȒ ȕȈȑȌțȚ țȦȚ-
ȕȣȑ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȦȚ Ȋ șȍȑȜȍ ȕȖȔȍȘ - ǹȍȊȍȘȖȥȒșȗȖȘȚ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȉȈȕȒȈ
ǫȓȈȊȕȖȍ ȏȈȗȐșȒȐ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȕȍ șȍȑȜȈ
ǺȈȒ ȓțȟȠȍ
ȅ ȚȐȔ ȒȖȕȟȈȦȚșȧ ȏȈȗȐșȒȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ș Ȍȍ ȊȧȚȤȦ
ȜȈȔȐȓȐȧȔȐ
ǷȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȐ ȗȘȖȟȍȓ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȓȐșȚȖȒ ȘțȒȖ-
ȗȐșȐ. ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȟȈșȈ ǵȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȟȈșȈ ȍȋȐȗȚȖȓȖȋ țȌȍ-
ȓȐȓ ȓȍȋȒȖȔȣșȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȏȈȗȐșȒȈȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȉȣȓ ȈȉșȖȓȦȚȕȖ ȟțȎȌ Ȑ ȕȍȐȕȚȍȘȍșȍȕ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘț ǶȌ-
ȕȈȒȖ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȊ ȏȈȗȐșȒȐ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȔȍȌȓȧ ȕȐ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȗȘȖȟȍȓ
Ȑȝ ȍȡȍ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȘȈȏȈ ȗȖȌȘȧȌ ȗȖȌȟȍȘȒȐȊȈȧ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȗȐșȣȊȈȧ Ȋ
șȊȖȦ ȏȈȗȐșȕțȦ ȒȕȐȎȒț ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȊȈȎ-
ȕȣȔ Ǫ ȌȍȊȧȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȖȊșȧȕțȦ
ȒȈȠț ș ȔȈȘȋȈȘȐȕȖȔ Ȑ ȖȚ ȒȈȠȐ șȕȖȊȈ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȏȈȗȐșȒȈȔ

ǯȈ ȖȒȕȖȔ ȊȘȈȡȈȓȐșȤ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ ȘȍȒȓȈȔȣ ȒȐȕȍ-
ȔȈȚȖȋȘȈȜȈ ǻȓȐȞȈ ȊȣȓȈ șȚȖȕȈȓȈ ȌȍșȧȚȒȈȔȐ ȋțȌȒȖȊ șȐȘȍȕ Ȑ
șȊȐșȚȒȖȊ ǵȖ ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȕȍ ȊșȚȈȊȈȓ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȚȖ-
ȓȈ ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȒȈ țȓȐȞȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȚȐȝȓȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȌȖȎȌȓȐȊȖȔ Ȗȉ-
ȓȈȟȕȖȔ ȉȍȘȓȐȕșȒȖȔ ȕȍȉȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȐȧȓ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȑ ȘȈșșȊȍȚ
Ƕȕ ȏȈșȕțȓ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȍ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒȈ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ ȓȐșȚȖȒ
ș ȊȣȗȐșȒȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȐ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȓȐșȚȒȍ ȈȒ-
ȒțȘȈȚȕȣȔ Ȑ ȟȍȚȒȐȔ ȗȖȟȍȘȒȖȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȣȊȍȌȍȕȖ Ȑ ȗȖȌȟȍȘȒȕț-
ȚȖ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ

ȅȎȟȠȪ ȐȠȜȞȎȭ
DZǶǽǼȀdzǵǮ ǸǼǾǻǮ

69
ǵǮ ǮǺǶǻȀǮǷǼǿ — ǰ ǾǼǿǿǶȌ
ǾȐȚȈȚȣ Ȑȏ ȏȈȗȐșȖȒ ȟȍȓȖȊȍ ȒȈ ș ȌȍȊȧȚȤȦ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȧȔȐ
1. ǹȓțȟȈȑ ș ȒȖȗȚșȒȖȑ ȋȘȈȔȔȈȚȐȒȖȑ - șȚȘȈȕȐȞȈ
ȘțȒȖȗȐșȐ

2. …ǬȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȦȚ ȥȚȐ ȌȊȈ ȓȐȞȈ
3. ǶȕȈ ȕȍ Ǫȍȕțș Ȉ ǰȏȐȌȈ Ǫ ȕȍȑ ǪȖșȚȖȒ
4. ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ șȗȐȚ ȕȍ ȖȡțȡȈȍȚ ȝȖȓȖȌȈ ȋȖȓȖȌȈ ȎȈȎ-
Ȍȣ...5. ǵȍ ȔȖȋț ȕȐȟȍȋȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȗ ȕȍȑ ǪȈȔ ȗȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȕȍ-
ȊȍȘȖȧȚȐȣȔ
6. ǿȚȖ Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ Ȗ ǫȖȔțȕȒțȓțșȍ
7. ǫȖȔțȕȒțȓțș ǨȔȐȕȚȈ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș...
ǵȍȘȈȏȉȖȘȟȐȊȣȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȒȐ șȌȍȓȈȕȕȣȍ ȘțȒȖȦ ǫțșȚȈȊȈ
DzȖȘȕȈ
ǺȣșȧȟȍȓȍȚȐȧ ȌȖ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕșȒȖȑ ȥȘȣ ǬȐȕȈșȚȐȧ ǹȍȚȝȖȊ,
ȗȘȍȌȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ ǸȈȔșȍșȖȊ Ȋ ȟȍșȚȤ ȉȖȋȈ ǹȍȚȝȈ
ǾȈȘȍȊȕȈ ȌȐȕȈșȚȐȐ ǹȍȚȝȖȊ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș...
ǨȔȐȕȚȈ = ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș. ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ
ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș ȕȈ ȧȏȣȒȍ ȍȋȐȗȚȧȕ ǬȈȘ ǨȔȖȕȈ.
ǹȗȘȈȊȕȈ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș — ǬȈȘ ǨȔȖȕȈ — ȞȈȘȍȊȕȈ ȌȐȕȈș-
ȚȐȐ ǹȍȚȝȖȊ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȍȕȈ Ȋ ȌȖȓȐȕȍ ȜȈȘȈȖȕȖȊ.
ǻșȣȗȈȓȤȕȐȞȈ ȘȈȏȋȘȈȉȓȍȕȈ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȊȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȔ Ȋȍ-
Ȓȍ. ǴțȔȐȐ ȕȍ ȕȈȑȌȍȕȖ
_____
ǷȖȒȈ Ȋ ȖȌȕȐȝ ȌȖȔȈȝ ȕȈ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȞȈȝ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ ȘȈȏȕȖ-
ȞȊȍȚȕȣȍ șȊȍȟȒȐ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȧșȤ Ȋ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȝ șȚȍȒȓȣȠȒȈȝ Ȋ ȏȖ-

70
ȓȖȚȖȑ ȒȈȕȐȚȍȓȐ Ȑ ȊȣȏȖȓȖȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȖȘȍȠȒȈȝ ȗȖȒȈ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȐȝ
ȌȖȔȈȝ ȕȈ ȖȒȘȈȐȕȈȝ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ Ȗ șȍȉȍ ȒțșȒȖȔ Ȕȧ-
șȈ Ȋ ȗȖȝȓȍȉȒȍ — ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȐ ȗȖșȚȘȖȐȓ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȍȑȠȍȍ
țȔȖȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ ȋȐȗȖȚȍȏț Ȗ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȐȐ Ȑȏ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȍȋȐ-
ȗȍȚșȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȕȞȍșșȣ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș Ȑ ȍȍ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȐ Ȋ ȖȚȍȓȍ «ȀȐ-
ȓȤȖȕ» ț ǮȍȕȍȊșȒȖȋȖ ȖȏȍȘȈ ǷțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ DzȈȏȐȔȐȘȈ ǹȚȘȎȐ-
ȋȖȞȒȖȋȖ Ȋ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȦ ȍȔț ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȍȑȠȐȔ Ȑ ȓȍȋ-
ȒȖȔȣșȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȖȔ ȕȍ ȐȌțȡȐȔ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȊȘȈȏȘȍȏ ș
ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȖȔ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȈȔȖȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ǷțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ șȖȊ-
ȗȈȓȖ ș ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕșȒȐȔ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȐȍȔ Ȋ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȍ Ǫ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȍ ȗțȓȍ-
ȔȍȚȕȖȑ Ȑ ȖȘțȌȐȑȕȖȑ ȗȈȓȤȉȣ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȘȐșȓț-
ȠȈȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȓȐȠȕȍȔț ȘȍȊȖȓȤȊȍȘȕȖȔț ȊȣșȚȘȍȓț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȗȖȒȖȕ-
ȟȈȚ ș ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȔ ȈȋȍȕȚȖȔ «ǩȍȓȖȋȖ ȖȘȓȈ» ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȕȐ-
ȟȍȋȖ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ DzȈȏȐȔȐȘ ǹȚȘȎȐȋȖȞȒȐȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȖȖȉȡȐȚȤ ȍȋȐȗ-
ȚȖȓȖȋț ǫȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȍȍ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȑ ǹȚȐȉȖȘ ǩȖȕȐ ǵȖ Ȑ
Ȗȕ ȊȘȧȌ ȓȐ ȏȕȈȓ ȚȈȑȕț.. ǷȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȍȋȖ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ Șȧ-
ȌȖȔ ș ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș — ȟȐșȚȈȧ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖșȚȤ ǸȈȏȋȈȌȒȈ — Ȋ ȉȘȈș-
ȓȍȚȍ Ȑȏ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȈ Ȋ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȒȘțȎȒȍ-
ȉȘȈșȓȍȚȍ ș ȕȈȌȗȐșȤȦ ȕȈ șȋȐȉȍ «DzȈșȐȔȖȊ » ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ
ȒȘțȋȓȖȍ ȕȍȊȍȎȍșȚȊȖ Ȋ ȖȉȓȈșȚȐ ȈȘȝȍȖȓȖȋȐȐ ȈȊȚȖȘ ȏȈȔȍȚȖȒ
țȋȈȌȈȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȖ ǴȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȒȘțȎȖȒ ȍșȚȤ ȗȍȘȊȖȍ ȏȊȍ-
ȕȖ Ȋ ȞȍȗȐ ȚȈȑȕ ǺȈȑȕț ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș ȕțȎȕȖ ȐșȒȈȚȤ Ȋ
ȅȕȞȐȒȓȖȗȍȌȐȧ ǩȘȖȒȋȈțȏȈ Ȑ ǭȜȘȖȕȈ «DzȈșȐȔȖȊ ǴȈȝȔȍȚ-
ǰșțȗ — ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȗȖșȖȓ Ȋ ǰȕȌȐȐ Dz ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈ-
ȊȐȚȤ ǪȍȓȐȒȖȔț ǴȖȋȖȓț ǨțȘȍȕȋȏȍȉț ȞȈȘșȒțȦ ȋȘȈȔȖȚț 
ȋȖȌ
 Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ǨȓȍȒșȍȑ ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊȐȟ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȓ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ
ȚȖȘȋȖȊȣȍ șȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ȔȍȎȌț ȖȉȍȐȔȐ șȚȘȈȕȈȔȐ»
ǵȍ ȚȖ ǬȈȓȤȠȍ ȅȕȞȐȒȓȖȗȍȌȐȧ șȗȘȈȊȖȟȕȐȒȐ ȈȚȓȈșȣ Ȋșȍ,
ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒȖȑ
ǹȗȘȈȊȖȟȕȐȒ — ǪȖșȚȖȟȕȈȧ ǭȊȘȖȗȈ — ǸȖșșȐȧ
«DzȈșȐȔȖȊ — țȍȏȌȕȣȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ ǸȧȏȈȕșȒȖȑ ȋțȉȍȘȕȐȐ ȕȈ Șȍ-
Ȓȍ ǶȒȍ ǩȣȓ ȗȖȎȈȓȖȊȈȕ Ȋ țȌȍȓ ȚȈȚȈȘșȒȖȔț ȞȈȘȍȊȐȟț DzȈșȐ-
Ȕț ǷȖ ȗȍȘȍȗȐșȐ  ȋȖȌȈ  ȎȐȚȍȓȍȑ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȌȊȍ Țȣ-
șȧȟȐ ȚȈȚȈȘ DzȖȎȍȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȔȍȘȓțȠȍȟȕȣȍ ȏȈȊȖȌȣ DzțșȚȈȘȐ —
ȒțȏȕȍȞȣ ȗȘȧȌȐȓȤȡȐȒȐ șȈȗȖȎȕȐȒȐ ȠȐȚȤȍ ȚțȓțȗȖȊ ȖȟȐșȚ-
ȒȈ ȒȖȏȤȍȋȖ ȗțȝȈ ǺȈȚȈȘȣ țȝȖȌȧȚ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȔȣșȓȣ ȕȈ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖ-
ȌȖȘȖȎȕȣȍ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ Ȋ ȖȜȐȞȐȈȕȚȣ ǫȖȘȖȌșȒȖȑ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȉȈȕȒ ȔțȎșȒȈȧ Ȑ ȎȍȕșȒȈȧ ȗȘȖȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȐ  ȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȣȝ

71
ȠȒȖȓ ǻȏȒȖȒȖȓȍȑȕȈȧ ǸȧȏȈȕȖ-ǪȓȈȌȐȔȐȘșȒȈȧ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȈȧ ȌȖȘȖ-
ȋȈ».DzȈșȐȔȖȊ — ȋȖȘȖȌ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ
ǺȈȑȕț ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș ȕțȎȕȖ ȐșȒȈȚȤ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ.
ǶșȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ — ȔȍȓȖȟȐ ǹȍȑȜ - ȖȟȐȡȍȕ ȗȖ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȦ
«ǩȍȓȖȋȖ ȖȘȓȈ».
ǬȖȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȕȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȍ șȍȑȜȈ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȗȖȌȌȍȓȈȕȈ
ǰȏ șȍȑȜȈ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȏȈȗȐșȖȒ ǹȚȘȎȐȋȖȞȒȖȋȖ ǺȖȕ-
ȒȈȧ ȗȈȟȒȈ ȐșȗȐșȈȕȕȣȝ ȓȐșȚȒȖȊ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ Ȍȕȍ
șȍȑȜȈ dzȦȌȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȖ ȖȟȐșȚȐȚȤ șȍȑȜ ȗȖ-
ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȚȖȘȖȗȐȓȐșȤ ǬȖȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȊȣȏȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȌȖȏ-
ȘȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȊȚȖȘȖȗȧȝ ȏȈȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȗȐșȒȐ ǹȚȘȎȐȋȖȞȒȖȋȖ
ǹȟȈșȚȓȐȊȈȧ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖșȚȤ ȌȈȓȈ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȍȋȐȗȚȖȓȖȋȈ ǫțșȚȈȊȈ
DzȖȘȕȈ ȕȈȔȍȒ ȚȍȕȤ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȍȋȖ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ Ȋ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȔȐȘȈ
ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȥȚȖȚ ȕȈȔȍȒ ȗȖȗȈȓ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ șțȝȖȋȖ ȚțȗȖȋȖ ȗȘȖșȐȎȐ-
ȊȈȚȍȓȧ șȚțȓȤȍȊ Ȋ ȈȒȈȌȍȔȐȐ ǭȊȘȖȗȈ Ȑ ȔȐȘ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȣ ȕȍ
țșȓȣȠȈȓȐ Ȗȉ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș ǵȖ ȕȍȌȈȘȖȔ ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȞȍȕȐȓ
ȅȘȕșȚȈ ǨȔȈȌȍȧ ǫȖȜȔȈȕȈ ǵȍȌȈȘȖȔ, ȒȘȖȔȍ șțȝȖȑ ȥȘțȌȐȞȐȐ,
ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȐ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȓ ȋȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȗȖȓȍȚȖȔ ȔȣșȓȐ ǭșȓȐ
ȉȐȚȣȍ ȟȍȘȍȗȒȐ Ȑ ȉțșȣ ȌȈȓȐ ȍȔț ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȕȈȗȐșȈȚȤ Ȟȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȚȘțȌ Ȗ «ǯȈțȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȔ ȒțȓȤȚȍ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȝ ȍȋȐȗȚȧȕ» ȚȖ ȎȐ-
ȊȈȧ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș ȖȚȒȘȖȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȔ ȎȐȊȖȑ ǭȋȐȗȍȚ ȒȈȒȐȔ Ȗȕ
ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȌȕȐ ȌȐȕȈșȚȐȐ ǹȍȚȝȖȊ ȗȘȍȌȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ ǸȈȔșȍșȖȊ
ȕȈȏȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȗȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ ȉȖȋȈ ȗțșȚȣȕȐ ǰ ȉțȌȍȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȋȐȗ-
ȚȖȓȖȋȐȧ șȟȐȚȈȦȡȈȧ ȥȗȖȝȖȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȍ ȀȈȔȗȖȓȤȖȕȈ ȗȘȖ-
ȟȐȚȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȐȍȘȖȋȓȐȜȣ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȥȗȖȝȖȑ ȕȈȏȖȊȍȚ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȍ
ǫțșȚȈȊȈ DzȖȘȕȈ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȎȐȊțȦ ȞȈȘȍȊȕț ȌȐȕȈșȚȐȐ ǹȍȚ-
ȝȖȊ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș Ȋ ȖȌȍȚȖȑ ǷțȈȘȍ ȌȈȔȍ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȖȑ ǨȔȐȕȚȈ
ǶȚ ȀȈȔȗȖȓȤȖȕȈ Ȓ ǫțșȚȈȊț DzȖȘȕț.
ǰȚȈȒ ȏȈ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș
ǵțȎȕȖ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȜȈȒȚȣ ǫțșȚȈȊȈ DzȖȘȕȈ ȏȈ-
ȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȕȍ ȚȈȑȕȣ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȌȍȗȈȘȚȈȔȍȕȚȖȊ ȕȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ
«ǩȍȓȖȋȖ ȖȘȓȈ» ȕȍ ȘȖȔȈȕȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȐȕȚȘȐȋȈ ȜȘȈț ǸȍȚȓȤ Ȓȕȧ-
ȋȐȕȐ ǸȈȌȖȔȐȘșȒȖȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ DzȈȏȐȔȐȘȈ ǹȚȘȎȐȋȖȞ-
ȒȖȋȖ ȕȖ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș
ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ — ȗȘȐȉȈȓȚȐȑșȒȐȑ ȕȍȔȍȞ ǭȡȍ ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ
ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȉȣȓȈ ȜțȘȈȎȒȈ ș ȌȊțȔȧ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȔȐ Ȋȍ-
ȚȖȟȒȈȔȐ ȕȈȒȘȍșȚ Ȑ ȉțȒȊȈȔȐ Ǹ ǟ ǫ — ǸȐȎșȒȈȧ ȗȍȘȊȈȧ ȋȐȔ-

ȕȈȏȐȧ ǸțșșȒȐȑ ȧȏȣȒ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȓșȧ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȍȡȍ
ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȈȧ ȊȖȑȕȈ șȌȍȓȈȓȈ Ȑȏ ȍȋȐȗȚȖȓȖȋȈ șȕȈ-
ȟȈȓȈ ȗȐșȈȘȧ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȟȐȒȈ Ȋ ȗȘȍșș-ȉȦȘȖ ȠȚȈȉȈ ȋȘțȗ-
ȗȣ ȅȑȝȋȖȘȕȈ ǷȘȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȥȚȐȝ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȝ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ Ȋ
ǸȖșșȐȦ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖ ȏȈȚȘțȌȕȍȕȐȑ ǯȈ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș — Ȋ
ǸȖșșȐȦ

73
DzǰǼǷǻǼǷ ǿǹdzDz
ǷȘȧȔȈȧ ȓȐȕȐȧ ȍșȚȤ ȒȘȈȚȟȈȑȠȍȍ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȌȊț-
Ȕȧ ȚȖȟȒȈȔȐ
ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȌȊȐȋȈȓșȧ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖ ȗȘȧȔȖȑ ȓȐȕȐȐ,
ȌȍȘȎȈ ȒțȘș ȕȈ ǻȕȚȍȘ-Ȍȍȕ-dzȐȕȌȍȕ — ǷȖȓȕȖȔȖȟȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ǹȖȦȏȈ ǸȍșȗțȉȓȐȒ
ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȒȘțȋȓȣȝ ȘȖȋȖȊȣȝ ȖȟȒȈȝ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ
ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ ȏȈȗȐșȈȚȤ ȞȍȓȤ ȗȖȍȏȌȒȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȐȚȤ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚ-
ȊțȦȡȐȍ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ǶȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȖȌȈȟȐ ȉțȔȈȋ ȌȖ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȐȧ
ȗȈșȗȖȘȚȈ ș ȊȐȏȖȑ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ȥȕȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ǨȘ-
ȝȍȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȐȧ Ȋ DzȈșȐȔȖȊȍ — ȊȗȖȓȕȍ țȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȑ ȌȖȊȖȌ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ǫțșȚȈȊȈ DzȖȘȕȈ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓȐ ȐȔȍȚȤ Ȋ ȊȐȌț
ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȡȍȍșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȌȘȈȝ ȏȍȔȓȐ ǹȖȦȏȈ ǸȍșȗțȉȓȐȒ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ ǹȖȦȏț Ȑ ȊȣȊȖȏț Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȖȊ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȓȍȎȐȚ
DzȖȘȕ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȘȈȎȈȓ Ȑ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȊȖșȍȔȤ Ȍȕȍȑ ȗȖ ȗȍȘȘȖȕț
ȊȖȒȏȈȓȈ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ ȌȊȐȋȈȓșȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șțȚțȓȣȑ ȉȘȐȚȣȑ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȍ șȊȣȠȍ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȐ ȗȧȚȐ ȓȍȚ ȖȚ ȘȖȌț ȓȍȋȒȖ ȌȍȘȎȈ-
ȡȐȑ ȕȈ Ȋȍșț ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȍȔȒȖșȚȐ
ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȔȣșȓȐ ȍȋȐȗȚȖȓȖȋȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȕȧȚȣ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȤȦ,
ȕȈȑȌȍȕȕȖȑ Ȋ șȍȑȜȍ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȣ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȍȕ Ȓ ȋȖȘȖȌț ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȑ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȣ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȍȕ Ȓ șȚȈȘȣȔ țȏ-
ȒȐȔ țȓȐȞȈȔ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȊȏȉȐȘȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȉȈȚȣȍ ȝȖȓȔȣ
Ȓ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȔ ȌȊțȝȥȚȈȎȕȣȔ ȜȓȐȋȍȓȧȔ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȒțȉȈȔȐ Ƞȍ-
șȚȐȥȚȈȎȕȣȝ ȌȖȔȖȊ Ȓ ȕȍțȒȘȖȚȐȔȖȔț ȉȖȌȘȖȔț ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȦ
ȚȖȓȗȣ ȖȚ ȞȍȕȚȘȈ Ȓ ȗȍȘȐȜȍȘȐȧȔ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȗȕ ȉȣ ȘȈȏ-
ȋȓȧȌȍȓ șȚȖȓȉ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȑȕȖȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȐ ț ǵȐȒȐȚșȒȐȝ ȊȖȘȖȚ,
ȗȘȖȉȐȚȣȑ ȘțȎȍȑȕȣȔȐ ȗțȓȧȔȐ ȊȣȊȍșȒț ȔțȏȣȒȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȔȈȋȈ-
ȏȐȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȕȍșȓȖȎȕȣȔȐ ȊȍȕȏȍȓȧȔȐ ȐȏȘȍȠȍȚȐȓȐ ȗțȓȐ ǰ
ȥȚȐ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȍ ȊȍȡȐ — șȚȖȓȉ Ȑ ȊȣȊȍșȒȈ — ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȉȣ ǫțș-
ȚȈȊț DzȖȘȕț ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȍȔȤ ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ ǪȍȡȐ
ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȗȖȔȕȧȚ șȚȈȘȣȑ ȌȊțȝȥȚȈȎȕȣȑ ȌȖȔ ș ȈȗȚȍȒȖȑ Ȑ ȚȘȈȒ-
ȚȐȘȖȔ ǮȍȓȚȖȊȈ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȕȈ ȚȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȋȌȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȚȖȐȚ ȗȈ-
ȔȧȚȕȐȒ țȟȍȕȖȔț Ȋ ȋȘȈȕȐȚȕȖȑ ȚȖȋȍ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ǶȒșȜȖȘȌșȒȖȋȖ
țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ Ȑ ȋȌȍ ȉȍȋȈȦȚ ȗȖ ȎȍȓȚȖȔț ȗȍșȒț ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȐ
ȌȍȚȐ ȗȖȔȕȧȚ ȖȕȐ Ȑ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȠȍșȚȐȥȚȈȎȕȣȑ

74
ȌȖȔ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȖȟȍȑ ȋȖȘȍȊȠȐȑ ȎȍȓȚȣȔ ȌȣȔȕȣȔ ȗȓȈȔȍ-
ȕȍȔ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ ȖȚ ǨȘȉȈȚȈ ȗȖ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘȈȔ ȉȐȓȐ Ȑȏ ȗțȓȍ-
ȔȍȚȖȊ ȦȕȒȍȘȈ Ȉ ȖȚ ȗȈȔȧȚȕȐȒȈ ȘțșșȒȖȔț ȗȖȥȚț ǷțȠȒȐȕț
șȚȘȍȓȧȓȐ Ȑȏ ȊȐȕȚȖȊȖȒ Ȑ ȗțȠȍȒ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȊȐȒȐ ǵȖ ǫțșȚȈȊ
DzȖȘȕ — ȍȋȐȗȚȖȓȖȋ ǰȔȍȦȚ ȓȐ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȍȓȍȕȕȣȑ
șȚȖȓȉ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȑȕȖȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȐ Ȑ ȊȣȊȍșȒȈ ȔțȏȣȒȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȔȈ-
ȋȈȏȐȕȈ Ȓ ȌȐȕȈșȚȐȐ ǹȍȚȝȖȊ ȗȘȍȌȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ ȌȐȕȈșȚȐȐ ǸȈȔ-
șȍșȖȊ? ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȔȈȓȈȝȐȚȖȊȣȍ ȉțșȐȕȣ ȈȔțȓȍȚȣ Ȑ
ȟȍȘȍȗȒȐ ȊȣȘȣȚȣȍ ȜȍȓȓȈȝȈȔȐ Ȋ ǨȉȐȌȖșȍ
ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȟȐȚȈȍȚ ȋȈȏȍȚ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȚ țȓȐȞ ȗȖ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȖșȚȈȊȐȊ ȕȍȐȏȋȓȈȌȐȔȣȍ șȓȍȌȣ ȗȘȖȠȓȈ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ ȕȖ-
Ȋȣȝ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ Ȑ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǰ ȌȈȎȍ ȐȏȢȧȏȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȗțȓȧȔȐ ȚȘȍȝ-
ȥȚȈȎȕȣȑ ȜȈșȈȌ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ ȋȖșȚȐ-
ȕȐȞȣ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȡȍȑșȧ «DzȘȈșȕȣȑ ȔȈȑ», ȕȍ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȚ Ȋ ȕȍȔ
ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȈșșȖȞȐȈȞȐȑ ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȎȐȊȍȚ Ȋ ȥȗȖȝț ȜȈȘȈȖȕȖȊ
ȗȧȚȤ ȚȣșȧȟȍȓȍȚȐȑ ȌȖ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕșȒȖȑ ȥȘȣ ǰ ȒȈȒ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȟȚȖ
ȔȈȕțșȒȘȐȗȚ DzȈȏȐȔȐȘȈ ǹȚȘȎȐȋȖȞȒȖȋȖ ȖșȊȍȡȈȍȚ ȕȍ ȔȈșȓȧȕȈȧ
ȓȈȔȗȈ ȗȐșȞȈ șȒȓȖȕȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȕȈȌ ȗȈȗȐȘțșȖȔ Ȉ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍș-
ȒȈȧ ȓȈȔȗȈ Ȋ ȗȧȚȤȌȍșȧȚ șȊȍȟȍȑ
ǷȖȌ ȖȒȕȈȔȐ ȒȊȈȌȘȈȚȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ǫțșȚȈȊȈ DzȖȘȕȈ ȋȘȖȝȖ-
ȟțȚ șȖȚȘȧșȈȧ șȚȍȒȓȈ ȋȘțȏȖȊȐȒȐ ǶȕȐ ȘȈȏȊȖȏȧȚ ȗȖ ȌȖȔȈȔ Ȍȍ-
Țȍȑ Ȋ ȒȘȈșȕȣȝ ȗȓȈȚȖȟȒȈȝ ǵȈ țȓȐȞȍ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ ǯȊȖȕȒȖ șȚț-
ȟȈȚ ȒȖȗȣȚȈȔȐ ȒȖȕȐ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȖȊ Ȋ ȖșȚȘȖȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȝ ȠȓȍȔȈȝ
ȗȖȍȚ ȗȍȊțȟȈȧ ȔȍȌȤ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ ȖȘȒȍșȚȘȖȊ Ȑ ȗȓȣȊțȚ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖ-
ȊȈȔȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȈ ș ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔȐ ȖșȚȘȐȧȔȐ ȕȈȌ ȔȖȓȖȚȖȔ Ȑ
șȍȘȗȖȔ
ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚ DzȖȘȕ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȖȚȕȖȠȍ-
ȕȐȧ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȔȐșșȐȐ
ǿȍȚȊȍȘȚȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ țȉȍȎȌȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȍ-
ȊȖșȝȖȌșȚȊȍ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȗȐȊȈ ǰșȚȖȘȐȧ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ
ȖȚȖȠȓȈ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ǻȟȍȕȣȍ ȒȖȓȓȍȋȐ ǫțșȚȈȊȈ DzȖȘȕȈ Ȋ
ǴȖșȒȊȍ ȔȈȓȖ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȣ Ȓ ȥȒșȒțȘșȐȧȔ Ȋ ȖȉȓȈșȚȤ ȟȍȚȊȍȘ-
ȚȖȋȖ ȐȏȔȍȘȍȕȐȧ ǻ ȕȐȝ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȍȍȓ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȏȈș-
ȓțȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȈȒ Ȗ ȕȐȝ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ș ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ țȠȓȐ Ȋ ȘȈȏȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȒț ȚȍȖȘȐȐ «ȏȈȒȖȕȕȖȋȖ șȖȊȔȍșȚȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ» ȟȚȖ Ȍȓȧ ǫțșȚȈ-
ȊȈ DzȖȘȕȈ ȧȊȓȧȓȖșȤ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȣȔ Ȑ ȕȍȌȖșȧȋȈȍȔȣȔ ȕȍ
Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȊȈȎȕȣȔ ȟȍȔ ȚȍȖȘȐȧ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ǨȒȈȌȍȔȐȒ DzȈȘ-
ȚȈȠȍȊ ȐȔȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ș ȖșȖȉȣȔ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȓȖșȤ

75
ȚȘȍȔȧ ȈȒȈȌȍȔȐȧȔȐ ȔȐȘȈ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ǫțșȚȈȊȈ DzȖȘȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
șȚȘȈȕȕȖ Ƕȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ș ȕȐȔ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȍȘȕțȦ ȞȍȗȖȟȒț ȒȘȈȑȕȍ
șțȝȖ Ȑ șȌȍȘȎȈȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȍȔ șȘȈȏț ȕȈȖȚȘȍȏ ȏȈȧȊȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȓȈȚȐȚȤ
ȏȈ ȒȖȔȔțȕȈȓȤȕȣȍ țșȓțȋȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚ
ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȘȈȏȢȧșȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȗȘȖș Ȗ ȒȖȔȔțȕȈȓȤȕȣȝ țș-
ȓțȋȈȝ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕ Ȋ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȍ Ȗȉ ȈȘȝȈȐȟȍșȒȖȔ
ǭȋȐȗȚȍ Ȑ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȍȚșȧ ȖșȊȍȚȐȚȤ Ȋ ȉȍșȍȌȍ ȥȚȖ ȖȉșȚȖȧ-
ȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ
ǨȒȈȌȍȔȐȒ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ ȏȈ ȌȊȍȘȕțȦ ȞȍȗȖȟȒț Ȋȣșț-
ȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȕțȦ ȡȍȓȤ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ Ȑ ș ȕȍȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȔ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
— Ǫȣ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȖțȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ"
— ǵȍȚ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ
ǨȒȈȌȍȔȐȒ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȋȘȍȔȍȓ ȞȍȗȖȟȒȖȑ Ȑ ȞȍȓȖȑ
șȐșȚȍȔȖȑ ȏȈȔȒȖȊ Ȑ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ǹ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȤȦ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȐșȗțȋȈȚȤ DzȈȘȚȈ-
ȠȍȊȈ ȔȈșȠȚȈȉȖȔ șȊȖȐȝ ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȐȑ DzȖȘȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȒȘȈȚȒȐȝ ȊșȚțȗȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ șȓȖȊ Ȗ ȎȐȊȖȔ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȍ ȍȋȐȗȚȖ-
ȓȖȋȐȐ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ ȊȣșȓțȠȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍ
ȗȍȘȍȉȐȊȈȧ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȐȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȒȖȕȟȐȓ
Ȗȕ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȌȈȓ ȥȚȐȔ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȟȚȖ șȟȐȚȈȍȚ ȊȐȏȐȚ ȖȒȖȕȟȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ǺȍȘȧȧșȤ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧȝ ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȧȕțȚțȦ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȖȚșȚțȗȈȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȔ
ȒȖȓȓȍȋȖȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȊȣȝȖȌț
ǻ șȈȔȣȝ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ DzȈȘȚȈȠȍȊ ȊȌȘțȋ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ
— ȇ ȐȔȍȓ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ ȉȍșȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ș ǫțșȚȈȊȖȔ DzȖȘȕȖȔ
Ȗ ȚȘțȌȍ ȒȖȍȋȖ «ǹȊȍȘȝȢȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȔȍȚȖȌȣ Ȋ ȍȋȐȗȚȖȓȖȋȐȐª
ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ ȖȚȏȣȊ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ ǫȍȕȘȐȝȈ ǸȍȕȍȘȈ"
— Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȖȠȐȉȈȍȚȍșȤ ȒȖȓȓȍȋȈ
— ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ ȊȈș ȅȚȖ Ȋșȍ
— Ǫȣ ȎȍȓȈȓȐ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȍșȤȔȈ țȊȈȎȈȦ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ ȗȖ-
ȟȚȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȓȍȋȐ ǫȍȕȘȐȝȈ ǸȍȕȍȘȈ.
Ƕȕ ȏȈȋȘȍȔȍȓ ȞȍȗȤȦ Ȑ ȏȈșȖȊȈȔȐ Ȑ ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ
ȗȖ Țț șȚȖȘȖȕț ȌȊȍȘȐ
Ǫ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖȔ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȐ Ȗȕ ȌȖȠȍȓ ȗȖ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘț ȌȖ ȗȈ-
ȔȧȚȕȐȒȈ ȗȖȥȚț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȣȓ ȍȔț ȐȏȊȍșȚȍȕ, ȒȈȒ ȈȊȚȖȘ ȕȍ
ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȈȊȚȖȘȐȚȍȚȕȖȋȖ ȚȘțȌȈ Ȋ șȚȐȝȈȝ ȐȔȍȕțȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ©ǭȋȐ-

76
ȗȍȚșȒȐȍ ȕȖȟȐª ǯȈȚȍȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ ȗȖȚȖȒ țȊȓȍȒ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȗȘȈ-
ȊȖ ȗȖ ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ țȓȐȞȍ Ȑ ȕȍș ȍȋȖ ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ țȗȍȘ Ȋ
ȈȜȐȠț ȗȖȌ ȜȖȕȈȘȍȔ ȘȈșȗȐșȈȕȕțȦ ȔȈȓȖȘȈȏȉȖȘȟȐȊȣȔȐ ȉțȒ-
ȊȈȔȐ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȒȓȐȕȖȗȐșȤ ȅȚȖ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȓȖ DzȖȘȕȈ ǨȜȐȠȈ ȐȏȊȍȡȈȓȈ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȒȈ-
Ȝȍ «DzȖȗȣȚȖ ǷȍȋȈșȈ» ȒȘȖȔȍ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȕȣȝ ȕȖȔȍȘȖȊ ȓȦȉȐȔȐ-
Ȟȣ ȗțȉȓȐȒȐ ǵȈȚȈȠȐ DzȈțȘȐȕȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȚ ©ǴȐȟȔȈȕ
ǬȎȖȕª Ȑ ȘȖȔȈȕș «Ǩ ȕț ȊȈș Ȓ ȟȍȘȚț» șȖșȚȖȐȚșȧ ȊȣșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ
ȋȘțȗȗȣ ȗȖȥȚȖȊ ©ȔȈȒȖȋȖȕȒȖșȔȐșȚȖȊª Ȑ «ȚȘȐȗȓȤȒȖȕșȚȘțȒȚȐ-
ȊȐșȚȖȊ». DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȐȎȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȟȍȚȒȈȧ ȕȈȌȗȐșȤ
©ǷȐȊȖ ȒȘțȎȒȈȔȐ» ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ, șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ, Ȑ ȊȣȏȊȈȓȈ ȗȖȧȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȍ ǫțșȚȈȊȈ DzȖȘȕȈ Ȋ «DzȖȗȣȚȍ ǷȍȋȈșȈ».
ǵȈ ȊȣșȖȚȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȘȖșȚȈ șȚȍȕȣ «DzȖȗȣȚȈ» ȘȈȏȌȍ-
ȓȈȕȣ șȗȐȘȈȓȧȔȐ ȏȈȊȐȚȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȠȚȖȗȖȘȈȔȐ. ǰșȚȖȘȐȒȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȔȍșȚȈ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȗȖȔȕȧȚ ȒȈȒ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȦȡȐȑ ȝȖȘȖ-
ȠȐȔ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ȏȈȔȠȍȊȣȔȐ ȋȈȓȐȜȍ Ȑ ȎȍȓȚȣȔȐ ȒȘȈȋȈȔȐ ȉȍș-
șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȗȖȓȍȏ ȕȈ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞț Ȑ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȘțȟȕȖ ȓȐȠȐȓ șȖȔ-
ȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȉȍȓȐȏȕȣ șȚȍȕȣ ȒȈȜȍ ǵȖ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ ș ȝȖ-
ȘȖȠȐȔ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ȐșȟȍȘȗȈȓ ȈȊȈȕș Ȑ țșȚțȗȐȓ șȊȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȕȈ ȓȍ-
șȍȕȒȍ șȊȖȍȔț țȟȍȕȐȒț — ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒț Ȉ ȚȖȚ țșȚțȗȐȓ
șȊȖȍȔț țȟȍȕȐȒț Dz ȒȖȕȞț ȋȖȌȈ șȚȍȕȣ «DzȖȗȣȚȈ» ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȚȍ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȘȖșȚȈ ȗȖȒȘȣȓȐșȤ țȗȖȔȧȕțȚȣȔȐ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ-
ȔȐ ǰȏȊȍșȚȍȕ șȓțȟȈȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȖȉȘȈȧ «ǹȚȈȘȈȧ ǩȈȊȈȘȐȧ» ȗȣȚȈ-
ȓȈșȤ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȑȏ «DzȖȗȣȚȈ» ȌȖȉȘȖȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕțȦ ȗȐȊȕțȦ ȕȖ ȖȚ-
ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȖȚ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȧ ǴȈșȚȐȚȣȍ ȗȐȊȖȊȍȌȣ ȓȦȉȐ-
ȚȍȓȐ ȊȖȉȓȣ Ȑ ȔȖȟȍȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȝȈ, ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȒȖȕșȍȘ-
ȊȈȚȐȊȕȣ ȊȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈȝ ȕȈ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ Ȑ «ǹȚȈȘȈȧ ǩȈȊȈȘȐȧ»,
ȕȍ ȖȌȖȓȍȊ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ ȗȍȘȍȒȖȟȍȊȈȓȈ Ȋ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȘȐșȗȖ-
șȖȉȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȍ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȖȍ Ǵǻǵǰ țȗ-
ȘȈȊȓȧȦȡȍȍ ȕȍȌȊȐȎȐȔȣȔȐ ȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȈȔȐ ǴȖșȒȊȣ ȔȈȝȕțȓȖ
ȘțȒȖȑ ȕȈ ȏȈȒȖȓȌȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȑ ȚȈȔ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȊȖȌȊȖȘȐȓȖșȤ
ȗȖȓțȟȐȊȠȍȍ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ șȖȓȐȌȕțȦ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ «DzȖȗȣ-
ȚȖ ǷȍȋȈșȈ».
ǷȖȟȚȐ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȓȐȒȐ ȒȈȜȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȕȧȚȣ ȅȚȖ — ȗȘȖȊȐȕ-
ȞȐȈȓȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȎȐȓȐȡȕȣȑ ȒȘȐȏȐș ȏȈșȚȈȓ Ȋ ȞȍȕȚȘȍ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ
DzȈȜȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖ ȌȖ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȈ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȐȚȈȦȚ ȥȚȖ ȉȖ-
ȓȍȍ ȒȖȔȜȖȘȚȈȉȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȟȍȔ ȊȖȒȏȈȓȣ ȔȍșȚȖ DzȘȖȔȍ ȗȘȖȊȐȕ-
ȞȐȈȓȖȊ ȏȌȍșȤ ȏȈ Ȕȍȕȍȍ țȌȖȉȕȣȔȐ șȚȖȓȐȒȈȔȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȊșȍȋ-

ȌȈȚȈȐ ǶȕȐ ȈȗȓȖȌȐȘȖȊȈȓȐ ȕȖȒȈ ȦȕȖȠȈ Ȋ ȉȓțȏȍ ȟȐȚȈȓ ȗȘȐ-
ȚȖȗȚȣȗȈȧ ȕȖȋȖȑ Ȑ ȌȍȘȋȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ȕȈ ȔȈȘȚȐȕ-
ȋȈȓȍ
ȁȐȚȖȔ Ȗ ȡȐȚ ǹȍȘșȖ ȕȈ ȠȈȘȍ
ǹȈȘȌȈȕȈȗȈȓ șțȋȘȖȉȐȚ ȠȈȋ
ǷȈȓȈȠ ȠȍȘȖȝȖȊȈȚȖ ȠȈȘȐȚ
ȀțȘȠȈȡȐȑ ȟȍȠțȍȑ ȠȐȠȈȒ
ǯȈȚȍȔ ȌȖȘȖȌȕȣȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș șȐȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȣȔ
ȉȦșȚȖȔ ȗȍȓ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȊȘȈȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȒțȗȓȍȚȣ Ȗ Țȍȡȍ Ȑ ȉȈȘȣ-
Ƞȕȧȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȐȉȍȋȈȦȚ Ȓ ȘțȔȧȕȈȔ
ǪȚȖȘȈȧ ȒȘțȎȒȈ ȗȐȊȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȣ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȊȣȗȐȚȖȑ ǫțș-
ȚȈȊȖȔ DzȖȘȕȖȔ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ Ƕȕ ȘȍȠȐȓ țȚȘȖȔ ȍȝȈȚȤ Ȋ DzȈșȐȔȖȊ
ǵȖ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȝȓȖȗȕțȓȈ ȗȐșȚȖȓȍȚȕȣȔ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȖȔ ȏȈȋȓțȠȈȧ ȌȊȍ
șȒȘȐȗȒȐ ȘȖȧȓȤ ȊȐȖȓȖȕȟȍȓȤ Ȑ ȒțȗȓȍȚȐșȚȈ ș șȐȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȏȊȐ-
ȚȣȔ ȉȦșȚȖȔ

78
ǻǼȅȊ ǰǼ ǰǸȁǿdz ǮǻDzǾdzȍ ǯdzǹǼDZǼ
ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖȑ ȊȕȍȠȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȞȐȓȐȕȌȘȍ Ȑ
ȠȈȘȜȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȝ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ȋȓȈȌȒȖ ȊȣȉȘȐȚȣȑ ș ȧȊȕȣȔȐ șȓȍȌȈ-
ȔȐ ȗțȌȘȣ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ Ȑ ȋȘȐȔȐȘȖȊȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȒȈȘȈȕȌȈȠȍȑ ȊȖȠȍȓ
Ȑ ȖȉȝȖȌȧ șȚȖȓȣ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓ ȠțȔȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȐȧ ȏȈȊșȍȋȌȈ-
ȚȈȍȊ ȒȈȜȍ. ǷȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȕȈȧ ȓȐȟ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȉȈȘȣȠȕȐ Ȑȏ ȒȈȜȍ Ȑ ȌȈ-
Ȏȍ ȔȖȕțȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȒȈșșȐȘȠȈ ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȖȊȐȕȞȐȈ-
ȓȖȊ ȚȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȑȝ ȒȘȈȚȒȖ
— ǷȘȐȊȍȚ ȜȈȘȔȈȞȍȊȚȈȔ
ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȒȈȉȓțȒȈȝ ȊȣȉȐȘȈȧ șȍȉȍ ȌȖșȚȖȑ-
ȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ǫțș-
ȚȈȊȈ DzȖȘȕȈ ȗȘȐșȍȓ ȏȈ ȍȋȖ șȚȖȓȐȒ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ Ȗȕ țȌȍ-
ȓȐȓ ȚȖȓșȚȖȔț ȒțȗȓȍȚȐșȚț ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȊșȚțȗȐȓ Ȋ ȗȘȍȘȍȒȈȕȐȧ
Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȉțȚȣȓȒȐ ȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ȊȐȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȣȗȐ-
ȚȈ ȒȍȔ-ȚȖ ȕȍ ȉȍȏ șȖȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȚȖȓșȚȖȋȖ ȒțȗȓȍȚȐșȚȈ DzțȗȓȍȚȐșȚ
șȗȍȠȕȖ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȒțȗȓȍȚȣ Ȉ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȗȘȐȠȍȌȠȐȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȏȈȒȈȏȈȊ șȍȉȍ ȗȖȓȌȦȎȐȕȣ ȗȐȊȈ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ
ȕȈ ǫțșȚȈȊȈ DzȖȘȕȈ
— ǰȕȖșȚȘȈȕȍȞ" Etranger? Ausländer? FȖȋȍȭgner? FȖȋȍstie-
re? ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȊȍȎȓȐȊȖ Ȑ țȚȊȍȘȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȗȖ-Șțș-
șȒȐ
— ǰȕȎȍȕȍȘ?
— ǵȍȚ
— ǮȈȓȤ ǷȘȍȌȗȖȟȐȚȈȦ ȗȖȏȐȚȐȊȕȣȍ ȕȈțȒȐ
ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȗȕ ȠțȔȕȖ ȖȌȖȉȘȐȓ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȚȈȕȞȖȊȡȐȞț ȕȈ
ȥșȚȘȈȌȍ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȍȍ țȔȍȕȤȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓ-
ȎȈȓ ȕȍ șȌȍȓȈȊ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȑ ȗȈțȏȣ
— ǷȖ ȋȓțȗȖșȚȐ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓșȧ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȖȉȡȍșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȈțȒȈȔȐ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖȔ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȐȍȑ Ȋ
ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȦ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȈȕȚȐȒȊȈȘȕȣȑ ȔȈ-
ȋȈȏȐȕ ȐȓȐ ȐȏȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȚȍȈȚȘȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ Ǩ Ȋȣ"
— ȇ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȦșȤ ȈȘȝȍȖȓȖȋȐȍȑ

79
ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȐȏȌȈȓ ȒȘȈȚȒȖȍ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȘȎȈȕȐȍ
Ȑ ȏȍȊȕțȓ
— ǿȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȘȐȚȖȕȍ"
DzȖȘȕ ȊȒȘȈȚȞȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ Ǫ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ ǵȍȚ ȏȕȈ-
ȒȖȔȣȝ ǯȈȊȚȘȈ țȍȏȎȈȍȚ Ȋ DzȈșȐȔȖȊ ǪȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ, Ȗȕ ȍȓȍ șȒȘȣȓ
ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȐ ȊȐȌȍ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȣ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȍȋȖ șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒ
ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȘȈșȗȘȈȊȓȧȓșȧ ș ȉțȚȣȓȒȈȔȐ ȗȐȊȈ ȗȘȍȘȍȒȈȓ-
șȧ ș ȉȈȘȣȠȕȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȍ țșȗȍȊȈȓȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȚȤ ȉțȚȣȓȒȐ
ȕȈȓȐȊȈȓ ȗȐȊȖ DzȖȘȕț șȓȍȌȐȓ ȏȈ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȧȡȐȔ ȕȈ șȞȍȕȍ Ȑ
ȊșȍȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ ȌȍȓȈȓ ȚȈȕȞȍȊȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ
ǷȖȒȓȖȕȕȐȒ ǫȖȜȔȈȕȈ Ȑ ȥȕȚțȏȐȈșȚ-ȍȋȐȗȚȖȓȖȋ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ
șȖȏȕȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖ ȧȊȕȖȍ ȊȓȐȧ-
ȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȒȈȜȍ ǵȈ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ Ȋșȍ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ
șȘȈȏț ȗȖȌȍȘȕțȓȖșȤ ȖȉȓȈȒȖȔ ȚȈȉȈȟȕȖȋȖ ȌȣȔȈ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȉȓȈȋȖȗȘȐșȚȖȑȕȈȧ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ șȔȍȕȐȓȈșȤ șȚȘȍȒȖȚȈȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȎțȎ-
ȎȈȕȐȍȔ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȓȐȒȈȝ ȒȊȈȘȚȍȚ ȕȈ ȥșȚȘȈȌȍ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȓ
șȊȖȐ șȚȘțȕȕȣȍ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȣ Ȋ țȌȈȘȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȋȓȈȊȕțȦ
ȘȖȓȤ Ȋ ȔȍȓȖȌȐȐ ȐȋȘȈȓȈ ȝȓȖȗȈȦȡȈȧ ȒȘȣȠȒȈ ȘȖȧȓȧ ǸȍȗȓȐ-
ȒȐ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȓȍȋȒȖȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȈ ȗȍȘȍȓȍȚȈȓȐ Ȑȏ ȒȖȕ-
ȞȈ Ȋ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȒȈȜȍ ǷȘȖȐșȝȖȌȧȡȍȍ ȕȈ ȥșȚȘȈȌȍ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȓȖ șț-
ȔȧȚȐȞț Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȚȍȕȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȕȈ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȏȘȐȚȍȓȍȑ ǰ șȗțșȚȧ
ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ țȚȖȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȉȍȌȓȈȔȍ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȏȈȋȘȈȎȌȍȕȐȍ Ȑȏ
ȗȐȊȕȣȝ ȉțȚȣȓȖȒ Ȑ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤ Ȋ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖșȚȧȝ.
ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, ȍȋȖ șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȊȧȏȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȖȌȕȖ-
ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ Ȗȉ ȅȘȈȏȔȍ ǸȖȚȚȍȘȌȈȔșȒȖȔ Ȑ Ȗ șȊȖȑșȚȊȈȝ ȘțșșȒȖȑ
ȔȈȝȖȘȒȐ
ǩȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȖȓȓȐ-
ȏȐȐ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ ȗȘȍȚȊȖȘȐȓ ȊȖȌț Ȋ ȊȐȕȖ Ȑ șȗȍȓ ȗȖȗțȓȧȘȕțȦ
ȈȘȐȦ ǴȍȜȐșȚȖȜȍȓȧ Ȑȏ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ «ǼȈțșȚȈ» ǫțȕȖ
ǹȗȈȘȚȈȕșȒȐȑ ȖȉȘȈȏ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȔȈȘȋȈȘȐȕ ȒȈȘȚȖȜȍȓȤ ȒȖȜȍ-
ȥȘȏȈȞ ȜȘȈț ǴȐȓȓȍȘ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖ ȔȍȕȤȠȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȗȖȓȌȦȎȐȕȣ
ȉțȚȣȓȖȒ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȦȡȐȑșȧ șȚȈȒȈȕ ȔțȏȣȒȈ Ȑ ȔȖ-
ȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȌȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȖșȚȐ șȓȖȊȖȖȝȖȚȓȐȊȣȑ Ȑ ȏȈȉȖȚȓȐ-
ȊȣȑǹȗțșȚȧ ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ DzȖȘȕ ȏȕȈȓ Ȋ ȚȖȟȕȖșȚȐ ȟȚȖ
ȉȓȈȋȖșȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ țȗȘȖȟȍȕȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȏȈ-
ȒȈȏț ȔȖȕȖȋȘȈȜȐȐ «ǹȖȉȈȒȈ-ȐȡȍȑȒȈ Ȋ țȋȖȓȖȊȕȖȔ ȘȖȏȣșȒȍ ȏȈ

80
ȗȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ». DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ Ȗȕ țȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȏȖ-
ȊțȚ ǩȖȘȐș ȜȈȔȐȓȐȧ ȍȔț — ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ
ȊȖșȍȔȤ ȓȍȚ Ȑ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ Ȓ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖȑ ȋȘțȗȗȍ
«ǪȖȌȖȓȍȑ» ȉȐȖ-ȥȒș-ȞȍȕȚȘȐșȚȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȋȖȌȈ ȕȈȏȈȌ
ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓȈ șȊȖȦ ȌȍȒȓȈȘȈȞȐȦ Ȑ șȉȖȘȕȐȒ ǵȖ ȕȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȒȖȜȍ-ȥȘȏȈȞ ȜȘȈț ǴȐȕȕȣ
ǴȐȓȓȍȘ ȗȐȊȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȍȚ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Ȑȏ ȗȧȚȐ Ȋȕȍ-
ȠȕȐȝ ȟțȊșȚȊ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȧ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȏȘȍȕȐȍ Ȑ șȓțȝ Ȑ ȌȣȔȕȈȧ
ȏȈȊȍșȈ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȏȈȊȖȓȖȒȓȈ ȌȈȓȤȕȐȍ țȋȓȣ ȒȈȜȍ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȌȊȐȕțȓȈșȤ ȉȓȐȎȍ, Ȑ Ȋ ȗȖȓȍ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ DzȖȘȕȈ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȌȊȈ-ȚȘȐ șȚȖȓȐȒȈ ȊȉȓȐȏȐ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȗȕ ș ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȚȘțȌȖȔ
ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȏȈ Ȑȝ șȚȖȓȖȔ șȐȌȧȚ țȎȍ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȗȧȚȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ȒȘȖȔȍ ǩȖȘȐșȈ ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊȈ DzȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȠȍȋȖ ǷȐ-
ȘȈȔȐȌȖȊ ȐȏȊȍȡȈȓ ȒȘȈȚȒȖ
— ǴȖȑ ȌȘțȋ ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ ǰȕȖșȚȘȈȕȍȞ ǷȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ DzȖȘȐ
ǪȕȖȊȤ ȗȘȐȠȍȌȠȐȑ ȎȈȓ ȘțȒț DzȖȘȕȈ ȏȈȗȈșȈȓșȧ ȉȖȒȈȓȖȔ,
Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȋșȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȊȏȌțȔȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧ ȊȕȐ-
ȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ șȖșȍȌȈ ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȏȈ șȚȖȓȖȔ DzȖȘȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓȐ ȠȍșȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ǺȈȔ Ȏȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐ-
ȓȐșȤ ȚȖșȚȣ ȏȈ șȓȐȧȕȐȍ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ Ȑ ǯȈȗȈȌȈ ȏȈ ǫȍȑȕȍ ǵȐȞȠȍ
ǫȍȚȍ ǬȖșȚȖȍȊșȒȖȋȖ ǴȈȧȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȏȈ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȠȍȋȖ Ȋ ǴȖșȒ-
Ȋț ǫțșȚȈȊȈ DzȖȘȕȈ ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȒȈȒ ȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȕȍȖȉ-
ȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȤ ȗȓȈȚȐȚȤ ȏȈ șȚȖȓȖȔ DzȖȘȕȈ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȐȕ
ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȔ ȎȍșȚȖȔ țȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȘțȒț DzȖȘ-
ȕȈ ȐȏȊȓȍȒȈȊȠțȦ ȕȍ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȖȉȢȍȔȐșȚȣȑ ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒ DzȘȈȚ-
ȒȖȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȍ ș ȒȈșșȐȘȠȍȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ ș ȉȈȘȣȠȕȍȑ ȗȖȌȈȊȈȊ-
Ƞȍȑ ȗȐȊȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ ș ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȐȊȈȦȡȐȔ
ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȋ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȖȊȣȝ ȗȍȘșȚȕȧȝ Ȑ ȚȘȖșȚȤȦ Ȑȏ șȓȖȕȖȊȖȑ
ȒȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȖȡțȡȈȧ șȚȘȈȕȕțȦ ȋȐȉȒȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȕȖȋȈȝ ǫțșȚȈȊ
DzȖȘȐ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ
ǸȈȕȕȐȑ ȊȍșȍȕȕȐȑ ȘȈșșȊȍȚ ȌȖȎȌȤ ǵȖȋȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ șȒȖȓȤ-
ȏȐȓȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ ȏȈ ȘțȒț ǩȖȘȐșȈ ǷȐ-
ȘȈȔȐȌȖȊȈ ǪȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȖȚ ȊȓȈȎȕȖȑ șȣȘȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȣ
ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓȈșȤ ȖșȚȘȖȚȈ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ Ȑ șȓțȝ ǵȈȌ țȝȖȔ
țȎȍ ȧȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȚȘȍȡȈȓ ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊ
— ǬȘȧȉȓȣȍ ȌȍȒȈȌȍȕȚȣ dzȍȋȍȕȌȈ Ȗ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȍ ǫȖȋȖȓȤ
ǬȖșȚȖȍȊșȒȐȑ ǴȍȌȕȣȑ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒ «Ǫ ȋȘȈȕȐȚ ȖȌȍȓȈșȧ ǵȍȊȈ»...
ȅșȚȍȚȐȏȔ ȝȈ ȝȈ-ȝȈ ǵȍ ȚȈȒ ȓȐ ȔȖȑ ȌȘțȋ" Ǩ ǩȖȓȤȠȖȑ DzȈ-

81
Ȕȍȕȕȣȑ" Ǩ ǴȖșȒȊȈ-ȘȍȒȈ" ǴȖșȒȊȈ ǹȓȈȊȧȕȖȜȐȓȤșȚȊțȦ —
Ȑ ȋȖȘȎțșȤ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋ — ȋȕȐȓȤ șȣȘȖșȚȤ« ǬȘȧȕȤ ǫȍȘȘ
ȀȚȖȓȤȞ Ǫȣ — ȀȚȖȓȤȞ ȧ — ǶȉȓȖȔȖȊ DzȈȒȖȊȈ ȘȍȒȈ Ǩ
dzȍȌȖȝȖȌ"
ǰ ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ
ȜȈȔȐȓȐȐ ȀȚȖȓȤȞ ȊȌȘțȋ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȔȖȒȘȣȍ ȉȣȒȐ ȔȖșȚȈ Ȑ ȈȘ-
ȠȐȕȖȔ ȕȐȎȍ ȉȣșȚȘȣȍ ȔțȚȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȕȣ Ȑ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȐ șȐȕȐȝ
ȓȤȌȐȕ ǬȈȓȤȠȍ ȊșȚȈȊȈȓȐ ȏțȉȞȣ DzȘȍȔȓȍȊșȒȖȑ șȚȍȕȣ ȉȈȠ-
ȕȐ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȒțȗȖȓȈ Ȑ ȌȊȖȘȍȞ ș ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȜȓȈȋȖȔ ȕȈ
ȜȓȈȋȠȚȖȒȍ ǵȐȏȒȖ ȕȈȌ ȘȍȒȖȑ ȚȈȧȓ ȚțȔȈȕ ȎȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȗțșȚȣȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȎȕȖȑ DzțȗȖȓȈ ȌȊȖȘȍȞ Ȑ ȉȈȠȕȐ ȊșȗȓȣȊȈȓȐ ȕȈȌ
ȚțȔȈȕȖȔ Ȋ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖȔ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȓȍȋȒȈȧ ȕȈȉȍȋȈȦȡȈȧ ȚȍȕȤ — Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕȈ Ȋ ȓȍȋȒȖȑ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ ȖȌȍȎȌȍ Ȑ ȗȍȘȊȖȍ ȟȚȖ țȊȐȌȍȓ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȕȧȓ DzȖȘȕ — țȘȍțș — ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȕȖȑ țȉȖȘ Ȋ ȊȖȓȖșȈȝ
— ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș
ǴȐȓȐȞȐȖȕȍȘ ȗȖ Țț șȚȖȘȖȕț ȔȖșȚȈ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȔȍȓȤȒ-
ȕțȊȠțȦ ȚȍȕȤ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȌȖȓȋȖȊȧȏȖȋȖ ȏȈȗȣȝȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ȔȟȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȕȍȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȋȖ ȉȘȐȚȖȋȖ Ȋ ȞȐȓȐȕȌȘȍ ȕȍȍș-
ȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȍȎȈȓ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȐȊȈȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ
ȊȖȗȧ:
— ǫȍȘȘ ȀȚȖȓȤȞ ǫȍȘȘ ȀȚȖȓȤȞ!..
ǴȐȓȐȞȐȖȕȍȘ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȘțȒț ȕȈ ȘțȒȖȧȚȒț «ȕȈȋȈȕȈ», ȕȖ
ȊȣȒȈȚȐȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȑȏ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȈ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ ȏȈȒȘȣȓ Ȋșȍȝ ȚȘȖȐȝ
ȏȈȚȍȔ ȖȚ ȕȐȝ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ șȓȍȌȈ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȔȐȓȐȞȐȖȕȍȘ ȏȈȌțȔ-
ȟȐȊȖ șȊȐșȚȕțȓ Ȑ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȘȍȠȐȓ
— ǹȍȔȍȑȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ
ǸȍȒȈ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȖȚȊȓȍȒȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȊȕȐ-
ȔȈȕȐȍ.
ǷȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈ ǪȖȓȝȖȕȒȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȉȣȊȠȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ǷȈ-
ȠȒȖȊȈ ǩȖȘȐș ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊ ȉȍȎȈȊȠȐȑ ȗȖ ȔȖșȚȖȊȖȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ
ȚȍȓȖ ț ȜȖȕȈȘȧ
ǷȖȌ ȜȖȕȈȘȍȔ ȓȍȎȈȓ ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȘȈșȚȐȘȈȊ-
ȠȐȑ șȐȕȦȦ ȠȐȠȒț ȕȈȌ ȉȘȖȊȤȦ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȕȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȊȐȌ
ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȕȍ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȔțȡȍȕȕȣȑ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȊȣșȠȍȑ șȚȍ-
ȗȍȗȐ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȣȑ ǩȖȘȐș ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊ ȗȖȡțȗȈȓ ȘțȒȖȦ ȠȐȠ-
Ȓț ȗȖȔȖȋ DzȖȘȕț ȊșȚȈȚȤ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— DzȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȊȈș ȚȈȒ"

82
ǵȈ ȟȚȖ ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȈ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȊȗȖȗȈȌ:
— ȇ ȕȍ ȗȖȍȌț Ȋ DzȈșȐȔȖȊ — Ȑ ș ȘȈȏȔȈȝț țȌȈȘȐȓ ȒțȓȈȒȖȔ
ȗȖ ȜȖȕȈȘȕȖȔț șȚȖȓȉț — Ǫȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ" Ǫȣ ȍȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ"
— ǪȐȌȍȓ ȅȒ ȊȈș ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȍȚ
— ǰ ȖȕȈ țȠȓȈ.
— ǰȌȐȖȚȒȈ ǬȈ Ȑ Ȋȣ ȝȖȘȖȠȐ ǷȘȖșȚȐȚȍ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ
— DzȈȒ Ȋȣ ȥȚȖ șȍȉȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȍȚȍ"
— ǭȘțȕȌȈ ǷȘȖșȚȖ — ȔȈșȒȈȘȈȌ
ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȐȘȖȕȐȟȍșȒȐ țșȔȍȝȕțȓșȧ.
— Ǭȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȥȚȖ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȎȐȏȕȐ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȑ
ȜȖȕȈȘȕȣȑ șȚȖȓȉ
ǵȈ ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊȈ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȍȚ ȚȖȕ DzȖȘȕȈ.
— ǬȍȘȕțȓȖ Ȏȍ ȊȈș ȕȈȗȖȘȖȚȤșȧ
— ȇ țȘȖȕȐȓ ȖȟȒȐ.
ǶȕȐ ȗȖȐșȒȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȚȘȖȚțȈȘȍ ǪȌȘțȋ ǩȖȘȐș ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȒȈȉȓțȒȈȝ Ȑ ȗȖȚȘȍȗȈȓ ȗȖ ȗȓȍȟț DzȖȘȕȈ
— ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ Ȋșȍ ȧșȕȖ ǹȚțȌȈȕȈȉȈȓ...
DzȖȘȐ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȖȚȖȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ
— ǹȚțȌȈȕȈȉȈȓ… ǹȚțȌȐȧ ȈȕȈȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȉȈȓȍȚȈ ǹȍȋȖȌ-
ȕȧ ȚȈȔ ȊȍȟȍȘȐȕȒȈ
DzȖȘȕ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȟȈșȣ ȗȖȡțȗȈȓ ȠȐȠȒț Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȉȍȏ-
ȕȈȌȍȎȕȖ
— ȇ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȍȕ ǷȘȐȚȖȔ ȧ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕ
— ǬȈ ȕȍȚ Ȏȍ ǵȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȌȍȓȖ ǹȚțȌȈȕȈȉȈȓ — ȏȌȍșȤ ȏȈ
țȋȓȖȔ ǺȈȔ ȊȍȟȍȘȐȕȒȈ. ǬȍȊțȠȒȈ ș ȊȍȟȍȘȐȕȒȐ Ȋ ȒȖșȚȦȔȍ
Ǫșȍ ȧșȕȖ
ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȧȓ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȗȕ Șȍ-
ȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȔȖȚȕțȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— DzȖȓȓȍȋȈ Ǫȣ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ țȌȍȓȐȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȟȈș ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ"
ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊ ȖȗȧȚȤ țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ
— Ǵȣ ȗȖȍȌȍȔ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ «DzȘȈșȕȣȑ ȔȈȑ».
ǰ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȍȝȈȓȐ Ȋ ȚȘȧșȒȐȝ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȟȤȐȝ ȌȘȖȎȒȈȝ ǫțș-
ȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȋȐȗȕȖȚȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȖȌȧ ȋȓȈȏ ȖȚ ȏȈ-
ȗȓȈȚȣ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȍ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȧșȤ
șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ
— ǩțȌțȟȐ țȊȍȘȍȕ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȐȔȍȦ ȌȍȓȖ Ȋ ȊȈȠȍȔ ȓȐȞȍ ș
ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȔ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȍȒȚȖȔ ȕȍ ȟțȎȌȣȔ ȕȈțȒȍ ȧ ȗȖșȊȧȡț ȊȈș Ȋ
ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȈȕȕȣȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȔȖȋțȚ ȊȈȔ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȧȊ-

ȓȍȕȐȐ ȐȔȍȊȠȍȔ ȔȍșȚȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ
ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȗȕ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȒȈ ȖȕȐ ȍȝȈȓȐ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȗțș-
Țȣȕȕȣȝ țȓȐȞ ȗȖȒȈ ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊ ȕȍ ȌȖȊȍȘȧȧ ȏȊȖȕȒț ȚȘȍȔȧ
ȘȈȏȌȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ țȌȈȘȈȔȐ ȒȈȉȓțȒȈ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȋȖșȚȐȕȐȞȣ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓ
ȠȊȍȑȞȈȘȈ ȗȖȒȈ Ȗȕ Ȏȍ ȕȍȖȌȖȉȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ ȖȉȖȐ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ.
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊ șȍȓ Ȑ ȊȣȎȐȌȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖș-
ȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȍȔț Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȐ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ
ȗȈȟȒț ȚȖȕȒȐȝ ȗȘȖșȊȍȟȐȊȈȦȡȐȝ ȐșȗȐșȈȕȕȣȝ ȓȐșȚȖȊ ȉțȔȈȋȐ
Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ
— ǹȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȗȖȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȘȈș-
ȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȐ ǷȖȚȘțȌȐȚȍșȤ ȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚȤșȧ ș ȕȐȔ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ Ȋȣ-
ȊȖȌ.ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊ ȏȈȎȍȋ ȓȈȔȗț ȕȈ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȖȔ șȚȖȓȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȏȊȍșȐȓ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȤ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ ȏȈ
ȗȍȘȊțȦ șȚȘȈȕȐȞț
ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȐ șȐȌȍȓ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȍ ǶȌȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȖ
ȠȍȓȍșȚȍȓȐ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȣ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊȈ ǯȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȒȖȓȗȈȒ
ȓȈȔȗȣ ȖȚȉȘȈșȣȊȈȓ ȚȍȕȤ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ DzȖȘȕ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐ-
ȕțȚ șȓȍȌȐȓ ȏȈ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊȈ ȏȈȚȍȔ șȚȖȓ ȓȈȔȗȈ ǷȐ-
ȘȈȔȐȌȖȊ ȖȚȖȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț — Ȑ ȊșȗȓȣȓȐ ȔțȚȕȣȍ
ȉȣșȚȘȣȍ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȔȖȒȘȣȍ ȉȣȒȐ ȔȖșȚȈ ȊȓȈȎȕȣȑ ȘȈșșȊȍȚ Ȓț-
ȗȖȓȈ Ȕ ȉȈȠȕȐ ǷȖȚȖȔ șȘȈȏț ȗȘȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ȡȍȓȤ Ȋ șȖȕ ȉȍȏ șȕȖȊ
Ȑ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ
ǷȘȖșȕțȓșȧ ȖȚ ȓȍȋȒȖȋȖ ȚȖȓȟȒȈ ǹȖȓȕȞȍ Ȑȏ ȖȒȕȈ — Ȋ ȏȍȘ-
ȒȈȓȖ Ȑȏ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȈ — ȚțȗȣȔ țȋȓȖȔ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ ȏȊȖȕ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȧ Ȑ
ȊȏȊȐȏȋȐ ȔȈȠȐȕ ǷȘȧȔȖ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ — ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊ ȊȖȏȌȍ-
ȊȈȦȡȐȑ Ȓ ȗȖȚȖȓȒț ȘțȒȐ:
— ȅȚȖ ȋȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȖ ȅȚȖ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȅȚȖ ȕȍșȓȣȝȈȕ-
ȕȖ

84
ǰȉȍǿǻȍȌȀǿȍ ǼǯǿȀǼȍȀdzǹȊǿȀǰǮ
ǰȏ țȋȓȈ Ȋ țȋȖȓ ȒȊȈȌȘȈȚȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȗȖ ȌȐȈȋȖȕȈȓȐ ȕȖ-
șȐȚșȧ ǩȖȘȐș ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊ ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ șȐȌȐȚ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȍ ȗȖȓȖ-
ȎȐȊ ȕȖȋȐ ȕȈ ȉȈȘȝȈȚȕȣȑ ȌȐȊȈȕ Ȑ șȓțȠȈȍȚ ș ȕȍșȒȘȣȊȈȍȔȣȔ
țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ.
— ǬȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ǵȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȔȐșȚȐȒȐ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȟȍȘ-
ȚȖȊȡȐȕȣ Ǫșȍ ȧșȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȓȕȐȧ ǸȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȕȍ Ȕȕȍ ș
ȔȖȍȑ ȜȐȏȐȒȖȑ ȗȖ DzȘȈȍȊȐȟț Ȋ ȖȉȢȍȔȍ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȒțȘ-
șȈ ȕȖ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ȍșȚȤ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑȚȍ ȧ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȦ...
șȖȦȏ șȖȋȓȈȠȍȕȐȍ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘ. ǵȈ Ȋȍȟȕȣȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ ȇ ȥȕȚț-
ȏȐȈșȚ ȟȍȘȚ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ Ǫȣ — șȒȍȗȚȐȒ «ȊȖȓȕȈ Ȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ șȚȐȝȐ
Ȑ ȗȘȖȏȈ ȓȍȌ Ȑ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȤ» ǯȈȌȈȕȐȍ ȕȖȔȍȘ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ…
— ǸȈȏȣșȒȈȚȤ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș
— ǰȔȍȕȕȖ« ȇ ȉȍȘț ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ǴȖșȒȊȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȓȈȌȖȕȐ
ǯȈȌȈȕȐȍ ȕȖȔȍȘ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ: ȥȚȈ ȠȍȓȤȔȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȕȖȊȣȑ DzȈȏȈȕȖȊȈ
ȒȈȒ ȍȋȖ" — DzȈȏȐȔȐȘ ǹȚȘȎȐȋȖȞȒȐȑ… DzȈȒ-ȕȐȒȈȒ — ȌȖȒȈȏȈ-
ȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȋȣ ȟȐȚȈȍȚȍ ȒȘȈȚȟȈȑȠȐȑ ȌȖȒȓȈȌ Ȋ șȖȌȘț-
ȎȍșȚȊȍ «dzȖȚȖș Ȑ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȤȕȐȒ» ǴȍȞȍȕȈȚȣ ȔȐșȚȐȒȐ ȋȕȖ-
șȚȐȒȐ ǹȘȈȏț ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ǹȘȍȌșȚȊȈ ǴȐȘȖȊȈȧ ȘȍȒȓȈȔȈ ȅȒșȚ-
Șȍȕȕȣȑ ȊșȍȔȐȘȕȣȑ șȢȍȏȌ ȍȋȐȗȚȖȓȖȋȖȊ ǬȖȒȓȈȌ ǫțșȚȈȊȈ DzȖȘ-
ȕȈ șȖȌȖȒȓȈȌ ǩȖȘȐșȈ ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊȈ ȌȍȔȖȕșȚȘȈȞȐȧ ȍȋȐȗȍȚș-
ȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȕȞȍșșȣ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș — ȥȒșȗȖȕȈȚ — ȗȧȚȤ Țȣșȧȟ ȓȍȚ ȌȖ
ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕșȒȖȑ ȥȘȣ ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȍȋȐȗȍȚșȒȈȧ ȔȖȌȍȓȤ ǺțȚȈȕ-
ȝȈȔȖȕ" ǽȈ dzȖȘȌ DzȈȘȕȈȘȊȖȕ" ǵțȓȤ ȕțȓȤ Ȑ ȕțȓȤ ǨȔȐȕ-
ȚȈȑȖș — ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ǩȖȘȐș ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊ Ȑ Dzƒ.
ǴȖȝȕȈȚȣȑ ȔȈȓȐȕȖȊȣȑ ȠȈȘȜ ȔȖȚȈȓșȧ Ȑȏ țȋȓȈ Ȋ țȋȖȓ ȒȖȔ-
ȕȈȚȣ ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȑ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȦȡȐȑ ȒȈȒ ȐșȒȘȈ ȗȘȖȉȖȘ șȒȘȣ-
ȓȐșȤ ǽȓȖȗȕțȓȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȋ ȡȍȓȤ ȗȘȖșțȕțȓȈșȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ǷȐȘȈȔȐ-
ȌȖȊȈ
— ǩțȌț Ȓ ȊȍȟȍȘț ȅȒșȚȘȍȕȕȖȍ ȏȈȌȈȕȐȍ ǹȚȖ ȗȘȖȞȍȕȚȖȊ
ȕȈȋȘțȏȒȐ
ǬȊȍȘȤ șȕȖȊȈ ȝȓȖȗȕțȓȈ DzȖȘȐ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȉȖȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ǩȍșșȖȕȕȈȧ ȕȖȟȤ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ
ȔȖȕȖȓȖȋȐ ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊȈ ǪȍȒȐ șȔȣȒȈȓȐșȤ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȊȖȓȐ ȚȖȟ-

ȕȖ șȎȐȔȈȍȔȣȍ ȟțȎȐȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ Ȑ ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȘȖ-
ȊȈȓȐȓșȧ Ȋ șȖȕ Ȋ ȉȍȏȔȖȓȊȐȍ.
ǰ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ Ȑȏ șȕȈ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǯȊȖȕȒȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊȈ Ǫ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ
ȗȖȓțȚȍȔȕȖ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȖȚșȊȍȚ ȋȈȏȖȊȖȋȖ ȜȖȕȈȘȧ ș țȓȐȞȣ Ȑ ȗȓȧ-
ȠțȡȈȧ ȚȍȕȤ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȍ
— ǴȍȘȣ Ȓ ȘȖȏȣșȒț ȗȘȐȕȧȚȣ Ǫ ǹȚțȌȈȕȈȉȈȓ — ȊȍȟȍȘȐȕ-
ȒȈ — ȊȟȍȘȈ DzȖșȚȦȔȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ǪȐȌȕȈȧ ȖșȖȉȈ — ȍȋȐȗȚȧȕȒȈ
ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȍȋȐȗȚȧȕȖȒ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȌȦȎȐȕȣ dzȍȋȒȐȑ șȒȈȕ-
ȌȈȓ ǷȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȔțȎȈ ǰșȟȍȏȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȍȋȐȗȚȧȕȒȐ ǪȍȘȝȕȍȍ
ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ǷȘȍȌțȗȘȍȎȌȈȦ ȥȚȖ ȟȐșȚȖ ȖȉȣȊȈȚȍȓȤșȒȖȍ
ȚȖȓȒȖȊȈȕȐȍ ǵȍ ȊȍȘȦ ǷȘȐȔț ȔȍȘȣ ǷȖȒȈ ȐȌȍȔ
ǵȖ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȕȍȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ǵȍȒȚȖ ǽȘȧȡ
Ȋ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȘȖȌȍ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ... ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ șȖȌȘțȎȍșȚȊȈ «dzȖ-
ȚȖș Ȑ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȤȕȐȒª ȎȌȍȚ ȕȈș ȖȉȖȐȝ ȇȊȕȈȧ șțȉșȐȌȐȧ ȉȍȏ
ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȐȧ Ȋ șțȚȤ ȌȍȓȈ ǪȈȔ — ȈȉșȖȓȦȚȕȖȍ ȌȖ-
ȊȍȘȐȍ ǷȖȟȊȈ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȈ.
DzȖȘȕ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȐȕȐȞȐȈȚȐȊȈ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊȈ ǺȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔ ȒȈȒ șȍșȚȤ Ȋ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȟȤȐ ȌȘȖȎȒȐ Ȋ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ țȗȍȘȓȈșȤ ȚȘȖșȚȤ ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊȈ, ȖșȔȍȓȐȓșȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍ-
șȚȐ
— ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȏȍ
ǵȖ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȋȈȏȍȚȟȐȒ ș ȗȖȚȘȧșȈȦȡȍȑ
ȓȖȊȒȖșȚȤȦ ȊȣȕȣȘȕțȊȠȐȑ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȒȖȓȍș ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȧ ȊȏȊȐȏȋ-
ȕțȓ
— ǪȍȟȍȘȕȧȧ ȋȈȏȍȚȈ ǷȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȟțȌȖ-ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ… ǷȍȘȍ-
ȊȖȘȖȚ Ȋ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȍ ǷȍȘȍȊȖȘȖȚ Ȋ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȍ

86
dzȇdz ǻǼǰǼdz ǼǯǿȀǼȍȀdzǹȊǿȀǰǼ
 ǷȖ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧȔ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȣȔ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȑȏ ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ
ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȖȊ  ȔȈȘȚȈ Ȋ ȠȍșȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȘȈșȗțȡȍȕ ȗȈȘȓȈ-
ȔȍȕȚ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ Ǫșȧ ȗȖȓȕȖȚȈ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȊȘțȟȍȕȈ ȐȕșȗȍȒȚȖȘț ȥȘȐȚ-
ȘȍȑșȒȖȑ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘȐȐ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓț ǷȈȘȐșȐ DzȈȉȐȕȍȚ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȖȊ Ȋ ȗȖȓ-
ȕȖȔ șȖșȚȈȊȍ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕ Ȋ ȚȦȘȤȔț Ȑ ȗȖȌȈȓ Ȋ ȖȚșȚȈȊȒț ǩȣȊȠȐȑ
ȗȘȍȔȤȍȘ- ȔȐȕȐșȚȘ ȋȘȈȜ ǷȈȟțȓȐ șȒȘȣȓșȧ
ǶȚ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȘȍșȗȖȕȌȍȕȚȈ
 ǬȐȒȚȈȚȖȘȖȔ ȅȘȐ-
ȚȘȍȐ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȖȔ ǷȈȘȐșȐ ȊȣȗțȡȍȕȖ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȦ
ǵȈȝȖȌȧȡȐȍșȧ Ȋ ȞȐȚȈȌȍȓȐ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȣ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȋȖ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȈ ȕȍțȌȈȟ-
ȕȖ ȗȣȚȈȓȐșȤ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ǷȖ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȖșȓȈȕȕȐȒȖȔ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ Ȋ
Ǫȍȕȍ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȧȔ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȖȊ țȉȐȚ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȍ Ȓ
ȗȖȉȍȋț ǪȕȖȊȤ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖșȓȈȕȕȐȒ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ țȉȍȎȌȍȕ Ȋ
ȗȘȖȟȕȖșȚȐ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȊȓȈșȚȐ
ǫȈȓȐȒȈȕșȒȐȑ ȗȖșȖȓ Ȋ ǷȈȘȈȗȈȔȐȏȍ șȚȖȓȐȞȈ ȅȘȐȚ-
ȘȍȐ
 ȊȘțȟȐȓ ȖȚ ȐȔȍȕȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȕȖȚț ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓț ǷȈ-
ȘȐșȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ șȖȌȍȘȎȐȚșȧ ȕȍȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȐȍ ǫȈ-
ȓȐȍȑ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ ǷȖșȖȓ ǨȓȤȉȐȖȕȈ Ȋ ǷȈȘȈ-
ȗȈȔȐȏȍ ȊȘțȟȐȓ ȖȚ ȐȔȍȕȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȕȖȚț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ
ȒȈȒ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ șȖȌȍȘȎȐȚ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȅȘȐȚ-
ȘȍȐ Ǫ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ șȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȍ
DzȖȘȘȍșȗȖȕȌȍȕȚ ǨȋȍȕȚșȚȊȈ ǸȈȑȚȈ șȖȖȉȡȈȍȚ
ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȌȈȕȕȣȍ Ȗ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȍ ǷȈȘȐșȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȊȠȍȔ ȗȍȘȍȊȖ-
ȘȖȚ  ȔȈȘȚȈ ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓ ǷȈȘȐșȐ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȘȐȉȣȓ Ȋ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȦ Ȑȏ
ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ Ǫ ȔȐȘȖȊțȦ ȊȖȑȕț Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒȖȔ ȈȘȔȐȐ ǨȘ-
ȋȍȕȚȐȕȣ Ȑ ȌȖ ȊșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ǹȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȀȚȈȚȖȊ Ȋ ȊȖȑȕț ȕȈȝȖ-
ȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ DzȖȗȍȕȋȈȋȍȕȍ ǯȈȌȖȓȋȖ ȌȖ ȗȖșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ șȓțȎȉț Ȋ ȈȘ-

ȋȍȕȚȐȕșȒțȦ ȈȘȔȐȦ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȈȋȍȕȚȖȔ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ
ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊ Ȑ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȧȊȐȓ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȒȖȓȖȕȐȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȒȖȕȜ-
ȓȐȒȚȍ ȐȔȍȊȠȍȔ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț ǷȖ ȗȘȐȍȏȌȍ Ȋ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȦ Ȗȕ
ȏȈȕȧȓșȧ șȕȈȉȎȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȥȘȐȚȘȍȑșȒȖȑ ȒȈȊȈȓȍ-
ȘȐȐ Ȑ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ-ȐȕșȗȍȒȚȖȘȖȔ ǪȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȊȠȐșȤ
ȗȈȘȓȈȔȍȕȚșȒȐȔȐ ȚȘȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȗțȓȧȘȕȖșȚȤȦ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȒȈ-
ȉȐȕȍȚȈ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȖȊ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȘȖȚ  ȔȈȘȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȑ
ȌȈȓ ȍȔț ȊșȦ ȗȖȓȕȖȚț ȊȓȈșȚȐ
_____
— Ǩ" ǿȚȖ"
— ǬȈ ǷȖȎȈȓțȑ
— ǵț ȧșȕȖ
— ǬȈ ȕȍȚ Ȏȍ
— Ƕȕ ǵȐȒȈȒȐȝ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȑ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ".
— ǭȝȈȚȤ.
— DzțȌȈ"
— Ǫ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȦ ǯȈ ȕȐȔ
— DzȖȋȌȈ"
— ǯȈȊȚȘȈ
— ǵț ȟȚȖ Ȏ ǰȌȍȚ
—ȇ—ȚȈȔȊȣ—ȏȌȍșȤ
— ǻȘȈ
— ǩȘȈȊȖ
ǰȏȊȖȏȟȐȒ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȒȖȏȓȈȝ ȊȐȌȐȚ ȒȈȒ
ȌȊȖȍ ș țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ ȎȔțȚ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȘțȒȐ

ȅȎȟȠȪ ȠȞȓȠȪȭ

89
DzǶǸȀǮȀǼǾ ȋǾǶȀǾdzǶ
DzȈȒ ȕȈȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ Ȑȏ ȋȍȖȋȘȈȜȐȐ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ ȐȔȍȕțȍȔȈȧ
ȅȘȐȚȘȍȍȑ ȘȈȕȍȍ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈ ȦȎȕȣȑ ȖȒȘțȋ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȐ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȑ ȌȍȓȤȚȈ ȘȍȒȐ dzȐȚȣ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓȈ Ȋ țȕȣȓțȦ ȉȖȓȖȚȐșȚțȦ
ȘȈȊȕȐȕț dzȍșȈ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ ȕȍ ȐȏȖȉȐȓțȦȚ ȗțȠȕȣȔ ȏȊȍȘȍȔ Șȍ-
ȒȐ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȘȍȒȈ dzȐȚȈ
 ȕȍ ȐȏȖȉȐȓțȦȚ ȘȣȉȖȑ ȕȖ șțȌȖȝȖȌ-
ȕȣ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȧ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȕȐ ȌȖȉȣȊȈȦȡȍȑ ȕȐ ȖȉȘȈȉȈȚȣȊȈȦ-
ȡȍȑ ȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ǭȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȔȣșȍȓ ȎȐȚȍȓȍȑ
ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ — ȏȍȔȓȍȌȍȓȐȍ Ȋ ȗȖȓȖșȍ ȋȌȍ șȚȘȈȕȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȚ ș
ȗȓȖȌȖȘȖȌȕȖȑ ǰȔȖȋȍȕȐȍȑ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌșȚȊȖ ȔȣȠȍȓȖȊȖȒ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȔ ȐȏȌȈȊȕȈ șȓȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȎȐȚȍȓȐ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ ǷȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȈ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ ȕȐșȝȖȌȐȚ Ȓ șȈȔȣȔ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȐȔ ȊȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȈȔ Ț ȍ Ȓ ȔȐȘț ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȕȖȔț ȕȍ șȚȖȓȤ ȌȈȊȕȖ Ȋ ǪȍȘșȈ-
ȓȍ ǴȈȘȒȐȏ Ȍȍ ȀȈȒȈȓ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ ǫȈȓȐȐ ȕȈ ȔȐȘȕȖȑ ȒȖȕ-
ȜȍȘȍȕȞȐȐ ȉȍȏ ȖșȖȉȖȋȖ ȚȘțȌȈ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȔȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ ȕȈȝȖ-
ȌȧȡȈȧșȧ ȕȈ Ȧȋȍ ȉȣȊȠȍȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȐ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ șȖȉȖȑ ȖșȖ-
ȉȖȍ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ Ȑ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȐȍ, ș ȕȍȏȈ-
ȗȈȔȧȚȕȣȝ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȊȠȍȍșȧ ȈȉșȖȓȦȚȕȖȑ ȕȍȏȈȊȐșȐ-
ȔȖșȚȤȦ ȐȔȍȦȡȍȍ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȖȉȖșȖȉȓȍȕȕțȦ Ȑ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȘȈȏȊȐȚțȦ
ȗȘȖȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȒțȓȤȚțȘț Ȑ ȐȔȍȦȡȍȍ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȈȊȈ ȕȈ șȈȔȖ-
ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ Dz șȍȔț ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȈ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȈȧ ȗȧȚȤȦșȚȈ-
ȔȐ ȚȣșȧȟȈȔȐ ȗȖȌȗȐșȍȑ ȗȍȚȐȞȐȧ ȎȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ ț ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȝ, ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț Ȋ șȐȓț ȖșȖȉȣȝ ȒȓȐȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ țșȓȖȊȐȑ
ȥȚȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ ȊȣȘȈȉȖȚȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍȔ ȕȍȘȈȏȉȖȘȟȐȊȣȑ ȖȟȍȘȒ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȓȈȉȣȝ ȊȖȏȘȈȎȍȕȐȑ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈ-
ȊȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȗȖȉȍȎȌȍȕȕȖȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȐ ȉȣȊȠȐȑ ȦȎȕȣȑ ȖȒȘțȋ ȉȣȊ-
Ƞȍȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȐ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȎȍȓȈȕȕțȦ ȕȍȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȋȖșț-
ȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ șȒȖȕșȚȘțȐȘȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖ ȊȣșȖȒȐȔ
ȖȉȘȈȏȞȈȔ șȖșȍȌȕȐȝ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒ ǵȈ Ȧȋȍ ȅȘȐ-
ȚȘȍȧ ȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȚ ș ȊȖȓȤȕȣȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ Ȑ ȖȉȓȈșȚȤȦ ǰȕȏȈ ȕȈ șȍ-
ȊȍȘȍ — ș ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȈȔȐ ǰȔȖȋȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȅȊȒȓȐȌȈ ȕȈ ȊȖșȚȖȒȍ ș
ǺȘȈȕșȓȐȚȈȕȐȍȑ ȕȈ ȏȈȗȈȌȍ — ș ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊșȚȊȖȔ ǪȐȚȈȔȐȕ DzȈȒ
ȕȈȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȈ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȧ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȊȣȝȖȌȈ Ȓ ȔȖ-
ȘȦ Ȑ ȊȓȈȌȍȍȚ ȓȐȠȤ ȊȍȘȝȕȍȑ ȟȈșȚȤȦ ȌȍȓȤȚȣ ȘȍȒȐ dzȐȚȣ ǵȐȎ-
ȕȧȧ ȟȈșȚȤ dzȐȚȣ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȊȖ ȊȓȈȌȍȕȐȐ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ

Ȑ ȗȖȘȚȈ ǰȔȏȣ ǻȒȈȏȈȕȕȣȍ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȋȍȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ
ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȕȧ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ ȌȈȦȚ ȍȑ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȍȐȔț-
ȡȍșȚȊȈ ȗȖ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȦ ș ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ȓȍȎȈȡȐȔȐ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȗȖ Țȍȟȍ-
ȕȐȦ ȘȍȒȐ dzȐȚȣ ȕȍȏȈȊȐșȐȔȣȔȐ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȈȔȐ
ǫȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȖ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȧ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȔȍȠȈȚȤ șțȌȖȝȖȌșȚȊț ȗȖ Șȍ-
Ȓȍ dzȐȚȍ Ȉ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ ȏȈȚȘțȌȕȐȚȤ șțȌȈȔ șȖșȍȌȕȐȝ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊ
șȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ș ȔȖȘșȒȐȔ ȗȖȘȚȖȔ ǰȕȏȖȑ ȅȚȖ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ Ȋ
ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȖ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȍȑ Ȑ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ
ȕțȎȕȖ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤ ȊȍșȤȔȈ țșȗȍȠȕȖȑ ȔțȌȘțȦ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒț ȔȈȘ-
ȒȐȏȈ Ȍȍ ȀȈȒȈȓȈ.
Ǵȣ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȍȔ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȐȗȓȖȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ
șȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ȔȍȎȌț ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȈȔȐ ȓȍȎȈȡȐȔȐ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȗȖ ȘȍȒȍ
dzȐȚȍ Ȑ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȍȑ ǵȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȋȖȌ șȖ-
ȏȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȒȖȕȜȍȘȍȕȞȐȐ ȗȖ ȊȖȗȘȖșț Ȗ șțȌȖȝȖȌșȚȊȍ ȗȖ ȘȍȒȍ
dzȐȚȍ Ȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȔ ȚȘȈȕȏȐȚȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȖȊ Ȋ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȗȖȘȚ ǰȕȏț
ǼȐȕȈȕșȖȊȖȍ ȉȓȈȋȖșȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ Ȋ ȌȈȕȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ țȒȘȍ-
ȗȐȓȖșȤ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ țȌȈȟȕȖȔț ȋȍȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȖȔț ȗȖȓȖ-
ȎȍȕȐȦ ȍȍ ǶȉȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȚȖȊȈȘȖȊ ȐȌțȡȐȝ ȕȈ Șȍȟȕȣȝ șțȌȈȝ
ȊȕȐȏ ȗȖ dzȐȚȍ ȌȈȓȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍșȚȐ țȌȈȟ-
ȕțȦ ȌȍȊȈȓȤȊȈȞȐȦ Ȑ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȊȍșȤȔȈ țșȚȖȑȟȐȊȣȑ ȒțȘș —
ȠȍșȚȤ ȚȘȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ȥȘȐȚȘȍȑșȒȐȝ ȓȐȘ — ȖȌȐȕ ȌȖȓȓȈȘ ǹȘȈȊ-
ȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȑ ȉȦȌȎȍȚ Ȑ țșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖșȚȤ ȒțȘșȈ ȥȘȐȚȘȍȑ-
șȒȖȑ ȌȍȕȍȎȕȖȑ ȍȌȐȕȐȞȣ ȕȈ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȝ ȉȐȘȎȈȝ ȊȣȌȊȐȕț-
ȓȐ ȊȖȗȘȖș Ȗ ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȐȐ ȚȍȘȘȐȚȖȘȐȐ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ ȏȈ șȟȍȚ ȕȈȐ-
Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ Ȑȏ șȖșȍȌȕȐȝ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒ ȏȈ șȟȍȚ ǰȔȖ-
ȋȍȕȐȐ
ǰȔȍȦȚșȧ ȚȈȒȎȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȝȖȌȧȡȐȍ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ
ǵȖ ȚțȚ Ȕȣ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȔ Ȋ ȖȉȓȈșȚȤ ȟȐșȚȖ ȈȘȝȐȊȕȣȝ Ȑȏȣș-
ȒȈȕȕȑ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȑ ȚȖȟȕȖșȚȐ ȕȈȠȐȝ șțȎȌȍȕȐȑ Ȗ Șȍșȗțȉ-
ȓȐȒȍ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȧ ȉțȌȍȔ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ-
ȡȐȔȐ ȏȈ șȍȉȧ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȈȔȐ

91
ǰǼǽǾǼǿ Ǽǯ ȋǾǶȀǾdzdz ǰ ǽǮǾǹǮǺdzǻȀdz
ǼǯȈdzDzǶǻdzǻǻȉȃ ǶǺǽdzǾǶǷ
ǴȈȘȒȐȏ ȅȔȍȘȐ ȌȍȗțȚȈȚ ȒȖȕșȍȘȊȈȚȐȊȕȖȑ ȗȈȘȚȐȐ
— ǰȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȓȐ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊț ȟȚȖ ȋȈȓȐȒȈȕșȒȐȑ ȗȖșȓȈȕ-
ȕȐȒ Ȋ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȍ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȌȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȅȘȐȚ-
ȘȍȐ Ȋ șȔȣșȓȍ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ ȥȒșȗȖȘȚȕȖȑ ȚȖȘ-
ȋȖȊȓȐ ǰȔȖȋȍȕȐȐ ȗțȚȍȔ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȐȧ ǰȔȖȋȍȕȐȐ ȌȖșȚțȗȈ ȗȖ Șȍ-
Ȓȍ dzȐȚȍ Ȓ ȔȖȘșȒȖȔț ȗȖȘȚț ǰȕȏȍ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ șȚȘȈ-
ȌȈȦȚ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȣ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȓȐ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȑ" ǭșȓȐ ȐȏȊȍ-
șȚȕȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȖ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȗȖȊȖȌț ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȗȘȈȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȑ"
ǪȖȗȘȖș Ȗȉ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȍ Ȋ ȗȈȓȈȚȍ ȌȍȗțȚȈȚȖȊ ǫȈȓȤșȒȖȑ
ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȐ
ǬȍȗțȚȈȚ ǷȤȍȘ ǶȋȘȈȚȥȕ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓ-ȓȐȉȍȘȈȓ

— ǰȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȓȐ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊț ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȖȓ ǨȓȤȉȐȖȕȈ Ȋ
ǰȔȖȋȍȕȐȐ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊț ǰȔȖȋȍȕȐȐ ȒȘȍȌȐȚȣ ȕȈ
ȌȖșȚȘȖȑȒț ȠȍșȚȐ Șȍȟȕȣȝ ȒȈȕȖȕȍȘșȒȐȝ ȓȖȌȖȒ Ȑ ȠȍșȚȐ ȈȥȘȖ-
ȗȓȈȕȖȊ" ǭșȓȐ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȗȖȊȖȌț ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȖ
ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ǫȈȓȐȒȈȕȐȐ"
Ǫ ȖȉȖȐȝ șȓțȟȈȧȝ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȣ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ Ȍȍȓ ȌȈȦȚ șȈ-
Ȕȣȍ țșȗȖȒȖȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȘȈȏȢȧșȕȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȖȌȟȍȘȒȐȊȈȦȚ ȌȘțȎȍ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ǫȈȓȐȐ Ȓ ǨȓȤȉȐȖȕț Ȑ ȕȈȖȉȖȘȖȚ
ǹȗțșȚȧ ȌȊȈ ȔȍșȧȞȈ
ǯǨǫǶdzǶǪǶDz ǶǼǰǾǰǨdzȄǵǶDZ ǫǨǯǭǺȃ «ǫȈȓȐȧ».
ǰȔȖȋȍȕȐȧ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȚșȧ Ȓ ȊȖȑȕȍ ǴȖȉȐȓȐȏȖȊȈȕȖ ȌȊȈ șȚȈȘȠȐȝ
ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȈ

92
ǯǨǫǶdzǶǪǶDz ǶǼǰǾǰǨdzȄǵǶDZ ǫǨǯǭǺȃ
«ǨȓȤȉȐȖȕ».
ȅȘȐȚȘȍȧ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȚșȧ Ȓ ȊȖȑȕȍ ǴȖȉȐȓȐȏȖȊȈȕȖ ȌȊȈ șȚȈȘȠȐȝ ȊȖȏ-
ȘȈșȚȈ
ǹȗțșȚȧ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ
Ǫ ǨȓȤȉȈȕȖ șȖșȚȖȐȚșȧ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȍȔȤȍȘ-ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȈ ǫȈȓȐȐ
ȋ dzȈ-ǫȍȘ ș ȗȘȍȔȤȍȘ-ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȖȔ ǨȓȤȉȐȖȕȈ Ȕ-ȘȖȔ ǴȈȒȖȔ ǷȖ Ȋșȍȑ
ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖșȚȐ ȉțȌȍȚ ȖȉșțȎȌȈȚȤșȧ ȊȖȗȘȖș Ȗ ȘȈȏȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȐȐ ȐȕȚȍ-
ȘȍșȖȊ ǫȈȓȐȐ Ȑ ǨȓȤȉȐȖȕȈ Ȋ ȌȍȓȤȚȍ ȘȍȒȐ dzȐȚȣ Ȑ țșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ
ȕȍȑȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȏȖȕȣ ȔȍȎȌț ȅȘȐȚȘȍȍȑ Ȑ ǰȔȖȋȍȕȐȍȑ
ǭ ȡȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȧ
Ƕǩǭ ǶǼǰǾǰǨdzȄǵȃǭ ǫǨǯǭǺȃ
ǰȏ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ Ȑ ǰȔȖȋȍȕȐȐ șȖȖȉȡȈȦȚ șȈȔȣȍ țȚȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ șȊȍ-
ȌȍȕȐȧ ǬȍȔȖȉȐȓȐȏȖȊȈȕȣ ȌȊȈ ȔȓȈȌȠȐȝ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȈ
ǵȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȍȕȐȍ șȓȍȌțȍȚ
ǪȖȗȘȖș ȌȍȗțȚȈȚȈ ȗȈȘȓȈȔȍȕȚȍ ȔȈȘȒȐȏȈ ȅȔȍȘȐ ȒȖȕșȍȘȊȈ-
ȚȖȘȈ
 Ȋ ȗȈȘȓȈȔȍȕȚȍ ǨȓȤȉȐȖȕȈ
— ǰȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȓȐ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊț ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȖȓ ǫȈȓȐȒȈȕȐȐ Ȋ
ȅȘȐȚȘȍȍ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȚ ȈȕȚȐȈȓȤȉȐȖȕșȒțȦ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒț ȗȘȍȔȤȍȘ-
ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȈ ȋȘȈȜȈ ǷȈȟțȓȐ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȗȘȈ-
ȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȍȋȖ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȈ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȗȖȊȖȌț"

ǹȗțșȚȧ ȌȊȈ ȔȍșȧȞȈ
ǶǼǰǾǰǨdzȄǵǨȇ ǫǨǯǭǺǨ «ǫȈȓȐȧ»
ǷȍȘȍȊȖȘȖȚ Ȋ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȍ ǪȓȈșȚȤ ȏȈȝȊȈȟȍȕȈ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȔ șȊȖȍȑ ȈȊȈȕ-
ȚȦȘȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ Ȑ ȈȓȈȘȔȐșȚșȒȖȑ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȖȑ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȖȔ ǷȈȘȐșȐ
ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȖȔ ȋȘȈȜȈ ǷȈȟțȓȐ
ǶǼǰǾǰǨdzȄǵǨȇ ǫǨǯǭǺǨ «ǨȓȤȉȐȖȕª
DzȘȐȏȐș ȊȓȈșȚȐ Ȋ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȍ ǪȓȈșȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȠȓȈ Ȓ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȔț
șȊȖȍȑ ȗȈȞȐȜȐșȚșȒȖȑ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȖȑ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔț ȌȍȧȚȍȓȦ —
ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓț ǷȈȘȐșȐ
ǯ ȈȕȈȊȍș
Ǫ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȍȕȐȍ ȌȊțȝ ȕȍȌȍȓȤ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȣ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣ
Ȑ ȘȍȌȈȒȚȖȘȣ ȋȈȏȍȚ ȊșȍȋȖ ȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȠȈȘȈ șȖȖȉȡȈȦȚ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ
ȐȔ ȊȏȌțȔȈȍȚșȧ Ȗ șȖȉȣȚȐȧȝ Ȋ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȍ

ǽȁȀdzȆdzǿȀǰǶdz ǰ ȋǾǶȀǾdzȌ
ǰȚȈȒ ȗȈșȗȖȘȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȎȍȓȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȤ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȦ
Ȋ șȈȔȣȑ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȐȘȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ ȍȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȐȔȍȚȤ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȠȍșȚȤ ȚȘȈȕȏȐȚȕȣȝ ȊȐȏ ǷȍȘ-
ȊțȦ ȌȦȎȐȕț ȊȐȏ ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ, ș ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȏȈȚȘȈȚȖȑ ȥȕȍȘ-
ȋȐȐ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ Ƕȕ ȉȍșȍȌȖȊȈȓ ș ȖȌȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ ȟȐ-
ȕȖȊȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊ Ȑ ȒȖȕșțȓȤșȚȊ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ
ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȓ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȚȍȘȘȖȘȐșȚȈ ȗȘȖ-
ȗȈȋȈȕȌȐșȚȈ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȟȐȒȈ ȒȖȕȚȘȘȈȏȊȍȌȟȐȒȈ Ȑ ȚȈȑȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȐ-
ȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȈȋȍȕȚȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȝ ȌȍȘȎȈȊ ȊȔȍșȚȍ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȘȖȏȕȤ ǪȍȎȓȐȊȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȔȈȕȍȘȈ ȗȘȐȍȔȈ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȧ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊ-
ȓȧȓȐ ȎȍȓȈȚȤ ȓțȟȠȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ Ȋ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȏȈ-
ȊȐșȍȓȐ ȖȚ ȘȖȓȐ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȐȋȘȈȓȈ ȌȈȕȕȈȧ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȈ Ȋ ȍȊȘȖ-
ȗȍȑșȒȖȔ ȒȖȕȞȍȘȚȍ ǹȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ș ȥȚȐȔ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȓȈșȤ
ȐȓȐ țȔȍȕȤȠȈȓȈșȤ ȗȓȈȚȈ ȊȏȐȔȈȍȔȈȧ ȏȈ ȗȘȈȊȖ ȚȘȈȕȏȐȚȕȖȋȖ
ȗȘȖȍȏȌȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȍȘȘȐȚȖȘȐȦ ȌȈȕȕȖȑ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȣ.
ǺȘțȌȕȖ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȌȈȕȕȣȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌșȚȊțȦȚșȧ
ȒȖȕșțȓȤșȚȊȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ Ȑ ȔȈȓȣȝ ȌȍȘȎȈȊ Ȋ șȓȖȎȕȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȊȐ-
ȏȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȗȈșȗȖȘȚȖȊ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȖșȚȘȈȧ ȕțȎȌȈ Ȋ șȗȘȈȊȖȟȕȖȔ
ȗȖșȖȉȐȐ Ȍȓȧ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȖ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ ǭȊȘȖȗȍ
ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȕȈș țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȕȍȒȐȑ ȍȌȐȕȣȑ ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗ ȕȈ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȔ ȉȣ șȖȠȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȈ-ȓȍȊȐȈȜȈȕȣ, ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȋȖșț-
ȌȈȘșȚȊȈ-ȐȕȜțȏȖȘȐȐ

95
ǰǶǵǮ — DzdzǻȊDZǶ
DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȠȍșȚȤ ȈȕȒȍȚ Ȑ ȠȍșȚȤ ȜȖ-
ȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȒȈȘȚȖȟȍȒ ǰȚȖȋȖ șȍȔȤȌȍșȧȚ ȌȊȈ ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐȝ șȕȐȔȒȈ Ȑ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȏȍ ȈȕȒȍȚ
ǵȖ ȗȖȔȐȔȖ ȗȘȧȔȣȝ Ȑ ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȗțȚȍȑ șțȡȍșȚȊțȦȚ
ȗțȚȐ ȕȍȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȕȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȦȡȐȍ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȊȍȘȕȖ ǰ
ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȌȘțȋ Ȑ șȖȦȏȕȐȒ ǫțșȚȈȊȈ DzȖȘȕȈ ǩȖȘȐș ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊ
ȉȕȓ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȖȗțȓȧȘȍȕ Ȋ ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ Ȑ ȕȍȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȝ ȒȘțȋȈȝ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȒțȓȐș «DzȖȗȣȚȈ ǷȍȋȈșȈ», «DzȈȉȈȘȍ
Ȕțȏ», «dzȐȘȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȒȈȒȚțșȈ» Ȑ «ǷȘȐȓȈȊȒȈ ǫȘȈȞȐȐ» ȚȖ ȊȖ
Ȋșȍȝ ȖșȓȖȎȕȧȦȡȐȝ ȖȚȢȍȏȌ DzȖȘȕȈ șȓțȟȈȧȝ Ȗȕ ȓȍȋȒȖ țȓȈȎȐ-
ȊȈȓ ȌȍȓȖ ȗȘȐ ȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍ ȊȘȈȟȈ-ȋȐȕȍȒȖȓȖȋȈ ȌȖȉȘȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȒȖ-
ȔȖȋȖ ȌȈȔȣ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȈ ȏȈȊȍȌțȦȡȍȋȖ șȚȖȓȖȔ ȊȐȏ Ȋ
ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȍ ǨȕȚȐȕȖȑȐ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȐ ȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȐ-
Ȟȣ ȞȣȋȈȕșȒȐȝ ȘȖȔȈȕșȖȊ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȌȖȉȘȖȑ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȑ ȔȓȈȌ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȈ ȠȖȜȍȘȈ ȒȖȕșțȓȤșȚȊȈ ȅȘȐȕȐȐ ȐȓȐ ș ȗȖ-
ȔȖȡȤȦ ȔȈȕȐȒȦȘȠȐ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȗȖșȓȈ Ȑ ȗȖȓȕȖȔȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȕȐ-
șȚȘȈ ȅȘȘȈȚȣ
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȌȖȗȖȓȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȏȈȚȘȈȚ ȕȖ
ȕȍ ȗȖȏȎȍ ȟȍȔ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ȗȈșȗȖȘȚ ǫțșȚȈȊȈ DzȖȘȕȈ — ȌȖȒ-
ȚȖȘȈ ȈȘȝȍȖȓȖȋȐȐ — ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓ șȖȉȖȑ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȦ șȈȔȣȝ
ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȊȐȏ ȏȈ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
Ȗȕ ȔȖȋ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ Ǫȍȕȍ ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȖ-
ȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȊȐȏ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ Ǫȍȕȍ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȚȈȔ ȌȍȓȖ Ȗȉ-
șȚȖȧȓȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȝțȎȍ. ǵȍ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȍșȧȞ DzȖȘȕ
ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȊȐȏȣ Ȋșȍȝ ȋȘȈȕȐȟȈȡȐȝ ș ȅȘȐȚȘȍȍȑ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊ ȐȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓȖșȤ ȗȧȚȤ ȊȐȏ ǰȕȏȣ ȅȊȒȓȐȌȣ ǰȔȖȋȍȕȐȐ ǺȘȈȕș-
ȓȐȚȈȕȐȐ Ȑ ǪȐȚȈȔȐȕȈ ǬȍȓȖ ȖșȓȖȎȕȧȓȖșȤ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȖȎȐȌȈ-
ȕȐȐ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȑ ȖȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȈ ȊȍȓȐ ȔȍȎȌț șȖȉȖȑ
ȚȈȔȖȎȍȕȕțȦ ȊȖȑȕț DzȘȖȔȍ ȗȍȘȍȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȐȏ DzȖȘȕ ȗȖȓț-
ȟȐȓ ȊȐȏȣ ȕȈ ȊȢȍȏȌ Ȋ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȦ ȒȈȒ ȖȚ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȖȚ ȕȖȊȖ-
ȋȖ ȍȍ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ǰȔȍȧ, ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȊȐȏȣ Ȋșȍȝ ȋȘȈ-
ȕȐȟȈȡȐȝ ș ȕȍȦ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊ Ȗȕ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȣȊȈȓ, Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕ-
ȞȖȊ ș ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȦ ǸȈș-
șȚȖȧȐȐȍ ȖȚ Ǫȍȕȣ ȌȖ șȚȖȓȐȞȣ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ — ǷȈȘȈȗȈȔȐȏȈ Ȋ ȕȖȘ-

96
ȔȈȓȤȕȣȝ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ ȗțȚȐ — ȖȌȐȕȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ ȗȖ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ
ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ǵȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȗȖș-
ȓȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȍȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ȌȈȘȖȊȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȍȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖȍ țȗȘȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȍ ȘȧȌț ȕȖȊȣȝ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊ ȚȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȗțȚȍ-
ȠȍșȚȊȐȧ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȓȈșȤ ȘȖȊȕȖ Ȋ șȖȘȖȒ ȘȈȏ ǵȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȍ ǰȔȖ-
ȋȍȕȐȐ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȕ ȕȈ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȖ șțȚȖȒ ȗȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȣȔ țȟ-
ȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ
ȗȓȈȕȈȔȐ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȍȑ Ȑ ȜȖȘȚȖȊ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȈȟȒȍ ȒȕȐȋ,
ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȕȣȝ DzȖȘȕȖȔ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ
ǵȍ ȉȍȏ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȚȘțȌȈ Ȗȕ țȉȍȌȐȓ șȐȔȗȈȚȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȔȈȑȖ-
ȘȈ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȍȈȚȘȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȎțȘȕȈȓ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȜȖȘȚȣ Ȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȜȐȓȐ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȕȣȝ șȖȖȘțȎȍȕȐȑ ȍșȚȤ Ȋ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȊȖș-
ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȕșȚȘțȒȞȐȐ ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȓȍȊȖȋȖ ȔȖș-
ȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȘȍȎȐșșȍȘȈ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȔȈȑȖȘ ȖȚȗțșȒȈȧ ǫțșȚȈȊȈ DzȖȘ-
ȕȈ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ȇ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕ ȚȍȔ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȐșț-
ȕȖȒ ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȎ ȕȈ ȜȖȘȚȣ ǰȔȖȋȍȕȐȐ Ƕȕ ȐȔȍȍȚ șȝȖȌșȚȊȖ ș ȗȖ-
ȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȣȔȐ ȜȖȘȚȈȔȐ ȌȘțȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȈȔ ǰȕȏȣ ǷȘȖȌȖȓ-
ȎȈȑȚȍ
ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȐ ș țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȗțȚȤ ȌȖ șȓȍȌțȦ-
ȡȍȑ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȣ ȋȌȍ ț ȕȍȋȖ Ȑȏ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȑ ȚȈȔȖȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȌȖ-
șȔȖȚȘȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȐȏȢȧȚȣ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșȣ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȐȍ ȊȊȖȏȈ ȚȈȉȈ-
ȒȈ
 ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȍȌȖȘȖȋȐȔ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȔ ȗȖȘȚșȐȋȈȘȖȔ ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦ-
ȡȍȑ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȍ Ȗȕ ȖȗȓȈȚȐȓ ȗȖ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȊȣșȖȒȖȔț ȚȈȘȐȜț ȔȣȓȖ
Ȑ ȖȌȍȒȖȓȖȕ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȐȍ ȊȊȖȏȈ ȗȈȘȜȦȔȍȘȐȐ
 ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȉȣȓ
ȊȖșȗȘȍȡȍȕ ȊȊȖȏ șȍȓȤșȒȖȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȖȘțȌȐȑ Ȑ ȈȥȘȖȗȓȈ-
ȕȖȊ ǵȐ ȚȖȋȖ ȕȐ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ț DzȖȘȕȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ș șȖȉȖȑ, ȕȖ ȗȖșȓȍ
ȥȚȖȋȖ ȚȈȔȖȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȌȖșȔȖȚȘȈ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȓ ȉțȓȈȊȒȐ ș
ȎȍȔȟțȋȖȔ ȗȖȌȈȘȖȒ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȋȖ DzȈȘȓȈ DzȖȘȕȈ
. ǬȈȓȍȍ ȉȣȓȈ
ȊȏȣșȒȈȕȈ ȗȖȠȓȐȕȈ ȏȈ ȈȊȚȖȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȗȍȘȖ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȐȍ
ȊȊȖȏȈ ȗȐȠțȡȐȝ ȔȈȠȐȕ
 ǿȍȔ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȎȈȓ Ȓ ȋȘȈ-
ȕȐȞȍ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ ȚȍȔ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȍȍ ȉȣȓȐ șȓțȝȐ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ
șȓțȟȐȚȤșȧ ș ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȔ ȗȘȐ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȍ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȣ ȥȚȖȑ
șȚȘȈȕȣ. ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȗ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ ȞȍȓȐ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȒȈ ȚȈȑȕȣ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș ȔȖȋȓȈ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ
ȍȋȐȗȚȖȓȖȋȈ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȚȤ ȗțȚȤ ǪȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȦȡȐȍșȧ Ȑȏ ȅȘȐȚ-
ȘȍȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȍ țșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕ ȒȈȘȈȕȚȐȕ
ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȐȏȉȈȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Țȍ ȒȚȖ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ țȗȓȈ-

ȚȐȚȤ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ ȕȈȓȖȋ ǴțȌȘȣȍ ȜȐȕȈȕșȖȊȣȍ ȔȍȘȖ-
ȗȘȐȧȚȐȧ ȌȐȒȚȈȚȖȘȈ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ țȉȍȌȐȓȐ ǫțșȚȈȊȈ
DzȖȘȕȈ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȈȊȚȖȘ ȏȈȗȐșȖȒ ȕȈȑȌȍȕȕȣȝ Ȋ șȍȑȜȍ - Ȑ
ȌȐȒȚȈȚȖȘ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ ǷȈȘȐșȐ — ȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȓȐȞȖ ǰ
ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ șȈȔȣȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȣȍ șȓțȝȐ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ
ȏȈ ȘțȉȍȎȖȔ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ DzȖȘȕ ȗȘȖȌȊȐȋȈȓșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ
ȉȣȓ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ țȊȍȘȍȕ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȗȖȟȚȐ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȈȊȠȍ-
Ȕț ȚȈȑȕț ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș ȖȉȍșȗȍȟȍȕȖ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȌȐȒȚȈ-
ȚȖȘȈ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ
ǵȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȍ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ ȒȖȍ-ȋȌȍ ȘȣȓȐ ȖȒȖȗȣ Ȑ țșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐ-
ȊȈȓȐ ȊȕțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȟȕȣȍ ȏȈȋȘȈȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȊȖȑșȒȈ ȋȘȈ-
ȕȐȟȈȡȍȑ ș ȅȘȐȚȘȍȍȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ ǬȐȒȚȈȚȖȘ ǷȈȘȐșȐ ȉȣȓ țȉȍȎ-
ȌȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȈȞȐȜȐșȚȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ
Ȗȕ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȍȚșȧ țȒȘȍȗȐȚȤ șȊȖȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ țȌȈȟȕȣȔ ȏȈȝȊȈ-
ȚȖȔ șȖșȍȌȕȍȑ ȚȍȘȘȐȚȖȘȐȐ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȈ ȗȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȖȔ ȗțȕȒȚȍ
șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǵȍȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȑ șȚȈȕȞȐȖȕȕȣȑ ȗȖșȍȓȖȒ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȊȣȔȍȘȠȐȔ ǫț-
șȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȊ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȍȘȍ-
Ƞȍȓ ȋȘȈȕȐȞț ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ ǹ ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȍȕȕȣȑ șȚȈȕȞȐȖȕ-
ȕȣȑ șȚȖȘȖȎ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ ǫțșȚȈȊț DzȖȘȕț ȟȚȖ ȗȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȈȧ șȚȘȈ-
ȎȈ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ șȖșȚȈȊȍ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȈ Ȋ șȚȖȓȐȞț ȗȖ ȓȐȟȕȖȔț ȘȈ-
șȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȦ ȌȐȒȚȈȚȖȘȈ ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȚȈȔȖȎȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑ ȒȈ-
ȘȈȕȚȐȕȕȣȝ ȊȓȈșȚȍȑ ȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȚȈȑȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȠȓȐ ȋȘȈ-
ȕȐȞț ǰȔȖȋȍȕȐȐ Ȑ șȒȘȣȓȐșȤ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȐȊ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȒȈșșț ȚȈȔȖȎ-
ȕȐ ǷȖȍȏȌȈ Ȋ ǷȈȘȈȗȈȔȐȏ ȕȍ ȝȖȌȧȚ ȗȖ ȌȊțȔ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȈȔ:
ǷȍȘȊȈȧ ȊȍșȤ ȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖȑ șȖșȚȈȊ ȏȈȕȧȚ ȥȒșȚȘȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȉȘȖșȒȖȑ ȊȖȑșȒ ȕȈ ȦȎȕțȦ ȋȘȈȕȐȞț
ǪȚȖȘȈȧ ȖȚ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȣ ȌȖ ǷȈȘȈȗȈȔȐȏȈ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȠȍșȚȐ ȟȈ-
șȖȊ ȍȏȌȣ ȕȈ ȌȖȉȘȖȑ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕșȒȖȑ ȓȖȠȈȌȒȍ
ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȕȖȟȍȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ șȚȈȕȞȐȐ Ȑ țȚ-
ȘȖȔ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȍ ȌȊȐȕțȚȤșȧ Ȋ ǷȈȘȈȗȈȔȐȏ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț șțȌȤȉȍ

98
ǿǼǯȉȀǶȍ ǰ ȋǾǶȀǾdzdz
ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȗȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȖȔ ȗȖșȍȓȒȍ ȕȈșȟȐȚȣ-
ȊȈȓȖșȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȊȖșȤȔȐȌȍșȧȚȐ ȌȊȖȘȖȊ ǫțșȚȈȊț DzȖȘȕț șȚȖȐȓȖ
ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȚȘțȌȖȊ ȘȈȏȣșȒȈȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȊȖȏȕȐȞț Ȑ ȥȒȐȗȈȎ Ǫșȍ ȎȐ-
ȊȖȍ ȏȈ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȋȘțȌȕȣȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ Ȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ Ȑȏ ȖȗȈșȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȔȖȉȐȓȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȐȓȐ ȘȍȒȊȐȏȐȞȐȐ ȕȈ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȈȌȖȉȕȖ-
șȚȐ ȥȔȐȋȘȐȘȖȊȈȓȖ Ȋ ȕȍȑȚȘȈȓȤȕțȦ ȏȖȕț ȔȍȎȌț ȅȘȐȚȘȍȍȑ Ȑ
ǰȔȖȋȍȕȐȍȑ ȗȖȌ ȒȖȕȚȘȖȓȤ ȖșȖȉȖȋȖ ȥȔȐșșȈȘȈ Ȑ ȖȝȘȈȕț Ȑȏ șȔȍ-
ȠȈȕȕȣȝ ȈȓȤȉȐȖȕȖ-ȋȈȓȐȒȈȕșȒȐȝ ȖȚȘȧȌȖȊ șȔ șȖȋȓȈȠȍȕȐȍ ș
ǨȓȤȉȐȖȐȖȔ
 ǹ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȚȘțȌȖȔ Ȗȕ ȖȚȣșȒȈȓ ȉțȑȊȖȓȈ Ȑȏ-
ȉȍȎȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȘȍȒȊȐȏȐȞȐȐ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȐȕȊȈȓȐȌȈ ȖșȚȘȖțȔȕȖ Ȑȏ-
ȉȍȎȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȔȖȉȐȓȐȏȈȞȐȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȕȍȗȘȍȏȍȕȚȈȉȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȔ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȊȠȍȔ ȈȘȉț ȥȒȐȗȈȎȍ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȊȣȍȝȈȚȤ Ȋ ǷȈȘȈ-
ȗȈȔȐȏ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȚȘȖȕțȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȗțȚȤ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȑ Ȑ ȎȍșȚȖ-
ȒȖ șȒțȟȈȦȡȐȑ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐșȚ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖ șȐȌȍȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚ-
ȕȖȑ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȍȔț ȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚȤșȧ ș ȌȊțȔȧ ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȔȔȈȔȐ
ǷȍȘȊȈȧ
«ǪșȍȔ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȔ ȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȠȈȘȈ ȊșȍȔ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȈȔ ȅȘȐȚ-
ȘȍȐ ȇ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȍȔȤȍȘ-ȔȐȕȐșȚȘ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȈ
ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ șȍȋȖ ȟȐșȓȈ ȊșȚțȗȐȓ Ȋ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȘȧȔȣȝ ȖȉȧȏȈȕ-
ȕȖșȚȍȑ ǶȉȢȧȊȓȧȦ ȉȣȊȠȍȋȖ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȈ ǷȈȘȐșȐ ȐȔȍȕțȦȡȍȋȖ șȍ-
ȉȧ ȌȐȒȚȈȚȖȘȖȔ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ Ȋȕȍ ȏȈȒȖȕȈ ǷȖȌ șȚȘȈȝȖȔ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȊȖșȗȘȍ-
ȡȈȍȚșȧ ȒȖȔț ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑȏ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ
ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȒț ȐȓȐ ȗȘȐȦȚ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȕȖȔț ȐȏȔȍȕȕȐȒț Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȦ
ǷȘȍȔȤȍȘ-ȔȐȕȐșȚȘ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȑ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȑșȒȖȑ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȐ ȋȘȈȜ ǨȌ-
ȘȐȈȕ ǷȈȟțȓȐ»

99
ǪȚȖȘȈȧ
«ǪșȍȔ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȔ ȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȠȈȘȈ ȊșȍȔ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȈȔ ȅȘȐȚ-
Șȍȗ ȇ ȏȈȒȖȕȕȣȑ ȌȐȒȚȈȚȖȘ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ-ȜȍȓȤȌȔȈȘȠȈȓ ǼȍȘ-
ȌȐȕȈȕȌ ǷȈȘȐșȐ ȖȉȢȧȊȓȧȦ ȐȔȍȕțȦȡȍȋȖ șȍȉȧ ȗȘȍȔȤȍȘ-ȔȐȕȐ-
șȚȘȖȔ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȐ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȧ ȉȣȊȠȍȋȖ ȋȘȈȜȈ ǷȈȟțȓȐ Ȋȕȍ ȏȈȒȖȕȈ
ǷȖȌ șȚȘȈȝȖȔ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȊȖșȗȘȍȡȈȍȚșȧ ȒȖȔț ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑȏ ȋȘȈȎ-
ȌȈȕ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȒț ȐȓȐ ȗȘȐȦȚ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȕȖȔț Ȑȏ-
ȔȍȕȕȐȒț ǬȐȒȚȈȚȖȘ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ-ȜȍȓȤȌȔȈȘȠȈȓ ǼȍȘȌȐȕȈȕȌ
ǷȈȘȐșȐ»
ǺȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐșȚ ȔȘȈȟȕȖ ȗȖȠȍȊȍȓȐȓ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȌȊțȔȧ Țȍȓȍ-
ȋȘȈȔȔȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȖȗȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ǫțșȚȈȊȈ DzȖȘȕȈ
— ǿȚȖ Ȋȣ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ"
— ǷȖȓȈȋȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȧ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȋȖșȚȧ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦ ȗȘȈȊȈ șț-
ȌȐȚȤ Ȗ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȝ ȌȍȓȈȝ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȈ
— Ǫȣ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚȍ"
ǺȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐșȚ ȏȈȗȍȘ ȕȈ ȏȈȔȖȒ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȕȖȑ ȗȖȓȖ-
ȎȐȓ ȒȓȦȟ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕ ȕȈȌȍȓ Ƞȓȧȗț ȕȈ ȏȈȚȣȓȖȒ Ȑ ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȉȘȍȓ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȋȘȈȕȐȞȣ.
DzȖȘȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ
— DzțȌȈ"
— Ǫ ȕȍȑȚȘȈȓȤȕțȦ ȏȖȕț
ǯȈȚȍȔ DzȖȘȐ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ Țț șȚȖȘȖȕț ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȒȐ Ȑ ȒȈȕȈ-
Ȋȣ țȚȣȒȈȕȕȖȑ ȒȖȓȣȠȒȈȔȐ
ǺȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȐșȚ ȔȈȝȕțȓ ȍȔț ȘțȒȖȑ Ȑ țȝȖȌȧ țȕȣȓȖ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— ǵȈȌȖȍȓȖ
ȇșȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȧ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȓȈ ȉțȘȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ
ǷȖȒȈ DzȖȘȕ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȧȓ Ȗ șțȌȤȉȈȝ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ, ȐȕȊȈȓȐȌ
ȚȒȕțȓ ȏȈȖșȚȘȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȈȓȒȖȑ ȉțȑȊȖȓȈ ȒȖȓȍșȈ ȚȘȖȕțȓȐșȤ ș ȗȖ-
ȝȖȎȐȔ ȕȈ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȣ șȒȘȐȗȖȔ Ȑ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ȖȚ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȣ ȌȖ
ǷȈȘȈȗȈȔȐȏȈ ȕȈȟȈȓȖșȤ ȀȐȘȐȕȈ Ȗșȍȑ ȈȘȉȣ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȕȍ șȖ-
ȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȠȐȘȐȕȍ ȒȖȓȍȐ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȈȘȉȈ ȗȍȘȍȌȊȐ-
ȋȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȓȐȠȈȧ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȖȊ
șȈȔȖȋȖ ȔȐȕȐȔȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȜȖȘȚȈ

100
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȖȑ ȊȍȘșȚȍ ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ șȚȈȓ ȗȘȐȊȣ-
ȒȈȚȤ Ȓ ȚȘȧșȒȍ ȚȖȓȟȒȈȔ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȐ șȖȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ ȘȈȊȕȖȊȍ-
șȐȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȧ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȐȔȔțȕȐȚȍȚ șȚȈȓ ȗȘȐȋȓȧȌȣ-
ȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȖșȚȧȔ
ǵȖ ȖȌȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȑ ȗțșȚȣȕȕȣȑ ȗȍȑȏȈȎ — ȋȓȐȕȈ ȒțȒțȘțȏ-
ȕȣȍ ȗȖȓȧ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȏȈȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȍȔȓȍȌȍȓȤȞȈȔȐ, Ȑ ȟȈȝȓȣȍ ȈȒȈ-
ȞȐȐ — șȘȈȏț țȚȖȔȐȓ ȍȋȖ
Dz ȊȍȟȍȘț ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȖȚ ǷȈȘȈȗȈȔȐ-
ȏȈ ȐȕȊȈȓȐȌ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ȉțȑȊȖȓȈ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ DzȖȘȕț
— ǫȌȍ ț ȊȈș ȊȈȠ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȜȓȈȋ"
ǷȖȎȈȓțȑ ȕȍ Ȓ ȟȍȔț ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ DzȖȘȕ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ
ȕȍ ȏȈȗȈșȓȐȊȣȔ
— Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȌȈȑȚȍ ȕȖșȖȊȖȑ ȗȓȈȚȖȒ.
DzȖȘȕ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖșȤȉț Ȑ ș ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ țȌȐȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ șȔȖȚȘȍ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȏȕȐȞȈ ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗȐȓ Ȓ ȏȈȖșȚȘȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȈȓȒȍ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȋȖȕȧȓ ȉțȑȊȖȓȈ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȗȓȈȚȖȒ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȍȋȖ
ȒȈȒ ȏȕȈȔȧ
ǯȈȚȍȔ ȖȕȐ ȌȊȐȕțȓȐșȤ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ șȒȘȐȗ ȒȖȓȍș
ȌȍȓȈȓ ȐȏȓȐȠȕȐȔ ȊșȧȒȐȍ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȐ ȟȓȍȕȖȘȈȏȌȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȘȍȟȐ
DzȖȘȕ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȓ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ ȕȖșȖȊȖȋȖ ȗȓȈȚȒȈ ȗȘȐȒȘȍȗ-
ȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȓ ȗȈȓȒȍ ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȗȕ țșȕțȓ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ ȖȚ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȋȖ
ȚȖȓȟȒȈ Ȑ ȖȚ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ șȒȘȐȗ ȈȘȉȣ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȍȔț ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ
ȋȘȖȔȒȐȔ
ǷȘȐ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȍ ȖȚ șȕȈ Ȓ ȉȖȌȘșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȦ Ȗȕ
șȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȔ ȕȈ ȒȈȕȖȕȈȌț
ǶȕȐ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȖșȖȋȖȘȍ ǪȕȐȏț ț ȘȈȏȓȐȊȠȍȑșȧ ȘȍȒȐ
DzȖȘȕ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ șȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȈȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ
ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ Ȓȓțȉȣ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȌȣȔȈ
ǷȖȟȚȐ ȗȖȌ șȈȔȣȔ ȒȖșȖȋȖȘȖȔ Ȗȕ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȍȡȍ ȌȊȍ ȕȍ-
ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȒȈȓȐȉȘȈ ȗțȠȒȐ Ȑ ȋȘțȗȗț șȖȓȌȈȚ ǷțȠȒȐ șȚȘȍȓȧ-
ȓȐ ȗȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȔț șȍȓȍȕȐȦ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȚȖȎȍ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȕȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș șȍȓȍȕȐȍȔ, ȐȔ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȥȝȖ ǫțș-
ȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ ȏȈ «Ȟȍȑș» Ȑ ȊȖȗȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȊȖȏ-
ȕȐȞț ǪȖȏȕȐȞȈ ȔȈȝȕțȓ ȗȈȓȒȖȑ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ Ȓ șȍȓȍȕȐȦ
ǺȖ ȟȚȖ DzȖȘȕ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȏȈ ȥȝȖ ȗțȠȍȟȕȖȑ ȒȈȕȖȕȈȌȣ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ
șȈȔȖșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȈȕȖȕȈȌȖȑ Ǫ «Ȟȍȑș» ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȏȋȓȧ-
ȌȍȚȤ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș șȍȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȍȡȍ ȌȊȍ ȗțȠȒȐ Ȑ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ
ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȅȚȐ ȗțȠȒȐ Ȑ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȚȖȎȍ șȚȘȍȓȧȓȐ ȗȖ

101
ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ șȍȓȍȕȐȦ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȈ ȚȍȘȧȧ
ȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȖȚȘȧșȈȧ «ȞȍȑșȖȔ» DzȖȘȕ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ȋ șȈȔȖȍ țȝȖ
ȊȖȏȕȐȞȍ:
— ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ"
— ǷȈȘȈȗȈȔȐȏ...
— ǷȖȟȍȔț șȚȘȍȓȧȦȚ"
— ȅȚȖ ȉȖȑ
ǩȖȓȍȍ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȧȡȍȍ ȊȖȏȕȐȞȈ
ȚȒȕțȓ ȗȈȓȒȖȑ ȉțȑȊȖȓȈ Ȑ ȈȘȉȈ șȗțșȚȐȓȈșȤ ș ȒȖșȖȋȖȘȈ ǪȗȘȖ-
ȟȍȔ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȒȖȘȖ ȌȊȈ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȈ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȉȕȈȎȐȊ
șȈȉȓȐ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐ ȈȘȉț ǪȖȏȕȐȞȈ ȗȖȔȈȝȈȓ ȉȍȓȣȔ ȜȓȈȎȒȖȔ
Ȑ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ
— ǰȕȖșȚȘȈȕȍȞ
ǪșȈȌȕȐȒȐ ȗȖȌȢȍȝȈȓȐ ȊȗȓȖȚȕțȦ Ȑ DzȖȘȐ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȊȖȏȔȖȎ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚȤșȧ ș ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȚȐȗȖȔ ȥȘȐȚȘȍȑșȒȖȋȖ șȖȓ-
ȌȈȚȈ ǶȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȘȐȊ-
ȓȍȒȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȜȖȘȔȈȝ ǶȘȈȕȎȍȊȣȍ ȔțȕȌȐȘȣ Ȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ ȋȈ-
ȓȐȜȍ ȗȘȐ șȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȠȓȍȔȈȝ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȕȖșȧȚ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ ǫȈȓȐȒȈ-
ȕȐȐ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐșȔȖȚȘȍȓșȧ Ȓ Ȑȝ ȓȐȞȈȔ ȚȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȗȖȓȍȏ ȏȈ ȗȈșȗȖȘȚȖȔ ǴȕȖȋȖȖȗȣȚȕȣȑ ȊȖȏȕȐȞȈ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȗȐȓșȧ ȗȖȌșȒȈȏȈȚȤ-
— ǬȖȓȓȈȘ
ǶȉȈ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘȐșȚȈ ȗȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȐȊȍȚȓȐȊȖ țȓȣȉȕț-
ȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȊȠȐȑ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȖȓȓȍȒ-
ȞȐȍȑ ȕȈȠȐȊȖȒ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȟȍȒ ȎȍȚȖȕȖȊ Ȑ ȏȕȈȟȒȖȊ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȐȓ
— ǬȊȈ ȌȖȓȓȈȘȈ
ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȖ ȊȖȏȘȈȎȍȕȐȑ,
ǸȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȊ ȕȈ șȊȍȚ Ȑ ȖȌȖȉȘȐȊ ȒȘȍȌȐȚȕȣȑ ȉȐȓȍȚ ȒȈȊȈ-
ȓȍȘȐșȚȣ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ Ȓ șȚȘȍȓȧȦȡȐȔ ȗțȠȒȈȔ ȕȈ ȒȖșȖ-
ȋȖȘȍ
ǨȘȉȈ Ȏȍ ȚȘȖȕțȓȈșȤ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȏȕȐȞȈ Ȗș-
ȊȍȌȖȔȐȓ DzȖȘȕȈ
— ǫȊȈȘȌȐȧ ȋȘȈȜȈ ǷȈȟțȓȐ.
ǷȖȟȚȐ ț ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȑ ȏȈșȚȈȊȣ ȈȘȉț ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȒȈ-
ȊȈȓȍȘȐșȚȣ, ȔȈȓȖ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȖȚ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ǵȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȈȝ ț
ȕȐȝ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȕȣȍ țȉȖȘȣ — țȗȘȈȏȌȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȈșȒȐ
șȖȓȌȈȚ ǨȓȤȉȐȖȕȈ
 ǰ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȘȍșțȘșȣ DzȖȘȕȈ țȔȍȕȤ-
ȠȐȓȐșȤ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȕȈ ȌȊȈ ȌȖȓȓȈȘȈ

DzȈȕȖȕȈȌȈ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈșȤ ȕȖ țȎȍ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ DzȖȋȌȈ
ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȓ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȖ ȗȖ ȗȖȊȖȌț ȗȘȖ-
ȍȏȌȈ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȈȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȉșȚȘȍȓȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȖȗȣȚȕȣȑ ȊȖȏȕȐ-
ȞȈ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ
— ǹȦȌȈ ȕȍ șȚȘȍȓȧȦȚ ǯȌȍșȤ ȖȚȍȓȤ
ǰ ȖȕȐ ȊȢȍȝȈȓȐ Ȋ ǷȈȘȈȗȈȔȐȏ

103
ȁǾǼǸ ȋǸǼǻǼǺǶǸǶ
ǪȣșȚȘȖȍȕȕȖȍ Ȑȏ ȉțȘȖȋȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȧȒȈ ȚȘȍȝȥȚȈȎȕȖȍ ȏȌȈȕȐȍ
ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȖșȤ «ǶȚȍȓȤ ȅȒȏȍȓȤșȐȖȘ» ǹȍȔȤȌȍșȧȚ ȌȊȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ
ȖȚȍȓȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȖșȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȕȧȚȣ. ǷȖȘȚȤȍ șȖȖȉȡȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȊȊȐ-
Ȍț ȖȚȢȍȏȌȈ Ȋ ǨȔȍȘȐȒț ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȗȐȠțȡȐȝ ȔȈȠȐȕ «ǷȈ-
ȘȈȉȍȓȓțȔ» ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȈȊȈȧ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȈ ȉȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȕȖȋȖ
șȚȖȓȈ Ȋ ȉȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȕȖȑ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȍșȓȐ ȋȖșȚȧ ȕȍ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȍȚ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȊȐȕȈ șȚȖȓȈ ȚȖ ȋȖșȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȎȌȈȊ ȚȘȐ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ Ȋ ȊȍșȚȐȉȦȓȍ
ȖȚȍȓȧ șȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȊȈȕȕțȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Țț ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȤ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȑ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ ȜȐȘȔȣ «Ǫȍȉȓȍȑ ǹȒȖȚȚ» ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȊȍ ȥȚȐȝ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ
ȔȖȋ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȋȖșȚȦ Ȑ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒț ȝȖȏȧȐȕ ȖȚȍȓȧ
ȋȘȍȒ ǹȗȐȘȐȌȖȕ ǷȈȗȈȘȐȏȖȗțȓȖ
ǩȣȓȈ ȕȖȟȤ Ƞȍȓ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȔȍȓȒȐȑ ȌȖȎȌȤ țșȗȍȊȠȐȑ
ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȚȤ țȓȐȞȣ ǷȈȘȈȗȈȔȐȏȈ Ȋ ȐȏȊȍșȚȒȖȊȖ-ȋȓȐȕȐșȚțȦ ȗȈ-
șȚț ǷȘȍȉȣȊȈȕȐȍ ȗȖȌ ȌȖȎȌȍȔ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȊȖȏȕȐȞȍȑ Ȑ
ȉțȑȊȖȓȖȔ Ȋ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȉȓȐȏȖșȚȐ ȖȉșȚȘȍȓȐȊȈȍȔȖȑ ȏȖ-
ȕȣ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖșȤ ȏȈȔȈȕȟȐȊȣȔ ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȗȘȍȌȗȖ-
ȟȍȓ ȗȘȈȊțȦ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț ȉȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȈ ǵȈ ȓȍȊȖȑ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȍ șȗȈȓ
ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȘȖșȓȣȑ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕ ȕȖȋȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ șȊȍȠȐȊȈȓȐșȤ
ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȔȍȚȘȈ ȏȈ ȉȖȘȚ ȉȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȈ ǬȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕ ȗȖȓțȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȧȏȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǶȗȖȏȌȈȓȐ ǺȘȐȗȓȤ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȒȖȕȞȍșșȐȦ
ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ ǷȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț
ȓȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȧșȕȖ ȖȚȘȈȏȐȓȖ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍ dzȍȎȈȡȐȑ
ȕȈ șȚȖȓȍ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓ ȘȈȏȢȧșȕȐȚȤ:
— ǷȈȓȈȚȈ ȊȖȚȐȘȖȊȈȓȈ ȒȖȕȞȍșșȐȦ ǺȘȐȗȓȧ
DzȖȘȕ șȍȓ ȕȈ ȉȐȓȓȐȈȘȌ ȋȌȍ ȗȖȓȖșȖȑ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȕȖȑ ȔȍȓȖȔ,
ȉȣȓȈ ȖȚȔȍȟȍȕȈ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȡȈȧ ȍȔț ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȈ Ȑ ȗȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎ-
ȕȖșȚȐ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȜȖȘȔțȓȐȘȖȊȈȓ șȊȖȍ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȕȐȍ.
— ȇ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ, șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ,
ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȌȈȕȕȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ ǩȣȓ ȉȣ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȖȉȧȏȈȕ ȍșȓȐ
ȉȣ țȊȈȎȈȍȔȣȑ șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒ ȗȖȧșȕȐȓ șȊȖȐ șȓȖȊȈ
ǻȊȈȎȈȍȔȣȑ șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒ șȍȓ ȕȈ ȉȐȓȓȐȈȘȌ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓ
ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȊ

104
— Ǫȣ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓȐ Ȗ ȒȖȕȞȍșșȐȐ ǺȘȐȗȓȧ"
— ǵȍȚ
— Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȒȖȕȞȍșșȐȖȕȍȘ"
— ǵȍȚ
— ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ ȖȘțȎȍȑȕȣȝ ȏȈȊȖȌȖȊ"
— Ƕ ȕȍȚ
— ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ ȎțȘȕȈȓȐșȚ"
— ǺȖȎȍ ȕȍȚ
— DzȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȟȍȘȚ ȗȘȐȕȍș ȊȈș șȦȌȈ"
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȠȖȒȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȖȑ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈ, DzȖȘȕ
ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— ǶȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȐȔȍȦȡȐȍ ȟȐșȚȖ ȕȈțȟȕȖȍ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ
ǹȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ Ȑ ș ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȐȍȔ
șȗȘȖșȐȓ
— ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ ȕȈțȒȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ǷȈȘȈȗȈȔȐ-
ȏȖȔ" — ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȗȕ șȗțșȚȐȓ ȕȖȋȐ ș ȉȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȈ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȊ ȗȖȓ-
ȕȖșȚȤȦ șȊȖȦ ȠȍȓȒȖȊțȦ ȗȖȓȖșȈȚțȦ ȗȐȎȈȔț ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ:
— ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȍșșȖȕȕȐȞȈ DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ, ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȔ
ȉȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȍ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȗȘȐȓȐȟȕȖ țșȚȘȖȐȚȤșȧ ǭșȓȐ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȧ
ȊȈȔ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȘȈȏȢȧșȕȦ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȋȍȡȍȑ ǯȕȈȍȚȍ ȓȐ Ȋȣ ȟȚȖ
ȚȈȒȖȍ ǷȈȘȈȗȈȔȐȏ" ȅȚȖ — ȌȣȘȈ Ǫȣ șȗȘȖșȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȋțȚ Ȍȍ-
ȓȈȚȤ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȌȣȘȍ ȌȍȓȖȊȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ șȗȈȚȤ
ȕȈ ȉȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȍ" Ǵȣ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȔ Ȋ ȖȉȓȈșȚȤ ȟȐșȚȖȑ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȐ
ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȗȈȓȈȚȈ ȌȍȗțȚȈȚȖȊ ǷȈȘȈȗȈȔȐȏȈ ȍȌȐȕȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȊȖȚȐ-
ȘȖȊȈȓȈ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȍ ȜȍȓȤȌȔȈȘȠȈȓț Ȑ ȌȐȒȚȈȚȖȘț ǷȈȘȐșȐ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȑ șȌȈȓ ȒȖȕȞȍșșȐȦ ȕȈ șțȌȖȝȖȌșȚȊȖ ȗȖ ȘȍȒȍ dzȐȚȍ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȍ-
ȓȈȝ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ ȔȐșȚȍȘț ǬȎȖȕȈȚȈȕț ǺȘȐȗȓȦ
ǬȖȓȋȖȊȧȏȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȑ ȉȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȈ Ȑ ȏȈȝȖȝȖ-
ȚȈȓ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȤȦ țȌȐȊȓȧȚȤșȧ
ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ǵȖ ȗȘȐ ȟȍȔ Ȏȍ ȏȌȍșȤ șȚȘȍȓȤȉȈ Ȑȏ șȍȔȐȌȍșȧ-
ȚȐȗȧȚȐȔȐȓȓȐȔȍȚȘȖȊȣȝ ȗȖ ȋȖȘȖȌț"
— ǬȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȔȖȑ ǸȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȐȊȝȖȌȧȡȍȍ ȖȉșȚȖȧ-
ȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ǫȍȕȍȘȈȓ ǷȈȘȐșȐ șȌȈȓ ȒȖȕȞȍșșȐȦ ǺȘȐȗȓȦ ȗȈȓȈȚȈ
ȊȖȚȐȘȖȊȈȓȈ ȍȔț ȌȖȊȍȘȐȍ. ǫȘȈȜ ǷȈȟțȓȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȖșȤȔȐ
ȊȍȘșȚȈȝ ȖȚ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ Ȉ ȊȖȑșȒȈ ǷȈȘȐșȐ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȔȍșȚȤȍ Ȑ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ
ȋȖȘȖȌȍ
— ȇ ȐȔȍȓ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ țȉȍȌȐȚȤșȧ

105
— Ǫșȍ ȌȍȓȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȎțȓȐȒț țȌȈȓȖșȤ șȖȉȘȈȚȤ ȒȊȖ-
ȘțȔ ǿȍȘȚ ȍȋȖ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ șȖȉȘȈȓ ǫȖȊȖȘȧȚ Ȗȕ ȏȈȋȘȐȔȐ-
ȘȖȊȈȓ ȌȍȗțȚȈȚȈȔȐ ȌȊȈ ȌȍșȧȚȒȈ ȈȒȚȍȘȖȊ ȔțȕȐȞȐȗȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ
ȚȍȈȚȘȈ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȋȣ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȍ ǩȣȊȠȈȧ ȌȈȟȈ ȋț-
ȉȍȘȕȈȚȖȘȈ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ — ȗȈȓȈȚȈ ȌȍȗțȚȈȚȖȊ Ƕȕ șȕȧȓ ș ȜȘȖȕȚȈ
șȊȖȦ ȋȊȈȘȌȐȦ ǩțȒȊȈȓȤȕȖ ȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȌȍȗțȚȈȚȈ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȗȖ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ șȖȓȌȈȚȈ DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȋȖȓȖșȖȊȈȓȐ ȒȓȧȕțșȤ ȊȈȔ
șȖȓȌȈȚȣ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȈȝ ȋȖȓȖșȖȊȈȓȐ ȚȖȎȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ ȗȘȈȊȣȍ
ȘțȒȐ ș ȘțȟȕȣȔȐ ȋȘȈȕȈȚȈȔȐ ǵȍȚ ȥȚȖ ȋȍȕȐȑ ǷȘȧȔȖ ȎȈȓȤ
ȊȍȠȈȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȅȚȖ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȍ
— DzȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȑȏ ȌȊțȝ" ǴȐȕȐșȚȘ?
— ǵȍȚ ǬȐȒȚȈȚȖȘ Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȍȋȖ"
— ȇ ȉȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȎȍȓȈȓ
— ǺȖȘȖȗȐȚȍșȤ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ǵȖ ȟȍȘȚ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ ȘȖȎȐ
ȒȖȕȒțȘȍȕȚȖȊ ǺȘȐȗȓȧ! ǭȡȍ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȖȕȐ șȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȗȖȓȌȦȎȐȕȣ
©DzȘȐșȚȈȓȤª ȏȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ șȖȉȍȘȍȚ Ȑ șȖȚȕȐ ȌȍȗțȚȈȚȖȊ Ƕȕ
șȖȉȘȈȓ ȒȊȖȘțȔ Ǫ ȚȖȟȕȖșȚȐ ǵȐ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ...
— Ǫȣ ȒȖȕȞȍșșȐȖȕȍȘ"
— ǵȍȚ ȇ ǺȈȕȋȓȤ ǷȣȓȍșȖșȣ șȐșȚȍȔȣ «ǴȈțȏȍȘ»...
— ȅȘȐȚȘȍȧ Ȑ ȗȣȓȍșȖșȣ Ǫ ǷȈȘȈȗȈȔȐȏȍ șȗȘȖș ȕȈ ȗȣȓȍ-
șȖșȣ"
ǵȈȏȊȈȊȠȐȑ șȍȉȧ ǺȈȕȋȓȍȔ ȏȈșȚȖȕȈȓ Ȑ Ȋ ȐȏȕȍȔȖȎȍȕȐȐ
șȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț
— Ƕ ȕȈȐȊȕȖșȚȤ ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ" Ǫșȧ ȋȖș-
ȚȐȕȐȞȈ Ȋșȧ ȥȚȈ ȚȘȍȝȥȚȈȎȕȈȧ ȒȈȏȈȘȔȈ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȈ ȊȖ-ȗȍȘ-
Ȋȣȝ ȒȓȖȗȈȔȐ ȊȖ-ȊȚȖȘȣȝ ȒȖȕȞȍșșȐȖȕȍȘȈȔȐ Ȑ Ȋ-ȚȘȍȚȤȐȝ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȖȘțȎȍȑȕȣȝ ȏȈȊȖȌȖȊ. ǰ ȧ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ
ȗȐȠțȡȐȝ ȔȈȠȐȕ «ǷȈȘȈȉȍȓȓțȔ», Ȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ șȍȓȤșȒȖ-
ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȖȘțȌȐȑ «ǫȖȟȒȐș», Ȑ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤȕȈȧ ȜȐȘȔȈ
«Ǫȍȉȓȍȑ-ǹȒȖȚȚ» — Ȕȣ ȗȘȖȌȈȍȔ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȣȍ ȗȧȚȐ- șȍȔȐ-
ȊȖșȤȔȐ- Ȑ ȖȌȐȕȕȈȌȞȈȚȐȏȈȘȧȌȕȣȍ ȠȚțȟȒȐ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ țȎȍ Ȗ
ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȖ ȓȈȦȡȐȝ șȖȉȈȟȒȈȝ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍșȈȝ DzȘțȗȕȍȑȠȍȍ ȐȔ-
ȗȖȘȚȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ Ȋ ǰȕȏȍ ȅȊȒȓȐȌȍ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȍ
ǺȘȈȕșȓȐȚȈȕȐȐ ǰȔȖȋȍȕȐȐ ǪȐȚȈȔȐȕȍ ȅȘȐȕȕȐȐ
ǶȚ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗțȠȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȓȗȈ ȏȈȌȘȍȉȍȏȎȈȓȐ șȚȍȒ-
ȓȈ ȉȐȓȓȐȈȘȌȕȖȑ DzȖȘȕ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ ǺȈȕȋȓȤ ȊȖȏȌȍȓ ȘțȒȐ Ȓ ȕȍ-
ȉț Ȑ ș țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ șȒȈȏȈȓ

— ǪȈș ȥȚȖ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȚ? ǵȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ǵȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ...
Ǭȓȧ ȔȖȐȝ țȠȍȑ ȥȚȖ ȔțȏȣȒȈ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȕȚȤȍȔȈ țȟȈșȚȐȍ Ȋ ȗȘȐ-
ȉȣȓȧȝ ȗȘȖȞȍȕȚȣ Ƕ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȒȖȕȒțȘȍȕȞȐȧ...
ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȐ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȗȖȌ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȖ-
ȊȖȋȖ ȏȈȓȗȈ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ șȕȧȚȤ ȗȐȌȎȈȒ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
— ǹȒȈȎȐȚȍ ǷȖȟȍȔț Ȋȣ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ©ȅȒȏȍȓȤșȐȖȘª Ȋ
ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ"
— ǪȖ-ȗȍȘȊȣȝ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ ǪȖ-
ȊȚȖȘȣȝ ȖȚȍȓȤ ©ȅȒȏȍȓȤșȐȖȘª — ȕȍȑȚȘȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȏȖȕȈ — Ȑ ȏȍȊ-
ȕțȊ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ — ǺȖȟȕȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȕȦ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ șȖȋ-
ȓȈȠȍȕȐȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȝȖȏȧȐȕȖȔ ȖȚȍȓȧ Ȑ ȖȉȍȐȔȐ șȚȖȘȖȕȈȔȐ ǶȌȕȐȔ
șȓȖȊȖȔ șȦȌȈ ȕȍ șȚȘȍȓȧȦȚ DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ Ȑȏ ȕȈș ȐȔȍȍȚ
ȗȘȈȊȖ ȥȒșȚȍȘȘȐȚȖȘȐȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ǴȖȎȍȚȍ șȗȈȚȤ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȌșȒȖȟȐȊ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ, Ȋ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȑ ȧȘȖșȚȐ ȘȈȏ-
ȌȐȘȈȧ ȕȈ șȍȉȍ ȗȐȎȈȔț:
— Ƕ ȥȚȐ ȒȓȖȗȣ! DzȓȧȕțșȤ ȧ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȐȚȈȦ ȋȘȈȕȈȚȣ!

107
ǽǾǼDZȁǹǸǮ ǽǼ ǽǮǾǮǽǮǺǶǵȁ
ǯȈ țȚȘȍȕȕȐȔ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒȖȔ Ȑȏ ȖȒȕȈ ȒȈȜȍ ©ȅȒȏȍȓȤșȐȖȘª ǫț-
șȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȖȚȍȓȍȔ
Ȑ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȕȣȑ ȗȈȔȧȚȕȐȒ Ȋ ȌȊȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ ȘȖșȚȈ ǷȈȔȧȚ-
ȕȐȒ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȓ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȕȖȋȖ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȈ Ȋ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȕȖȑ ȒȈșȒȍ Ȑ
ȖȘȌȍȕȈȝ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȖȗȐȘȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ȕȈ șȈȉȓȦ ȓȍȊȖȑ țȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȕȈ Ȧȋ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ǰȕȏȣ ǶȌȕȖȑ ȕȖȋȖȑ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ
ȗȖȗȐȘȈȓ ȒȈȘȚț ǰȔȖȋȍȕȐȐ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȒȈȘȚț ȅȊȒȓȐȌȣ ǷȘȐȉȓȐ-
ȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȚȈȒȐȔ DzȖȘȕ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓ șȍȉȍ ȌȐȒȚȈȚȖȘȈ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț
Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȌȈȓ șȍȉȍ ȚȘțȌȈ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ șȊȖȍ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ
ȊȟȍȘȈȠȕȐȍ ȒȓȧȚȊȣ ȋȘȍȒȈ ǷȈȗȈȘȐȏȖȗțȓȖ ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȚȈȒ
Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȕ-Ș ǺȈȕȋȓȤ
 țȚȘȖȔ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȓȐȟȕțȦ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ǷȖ ȗȘȐȉȖȘȈȔ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȕȣȔ Ȓ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒț Ȗȕ șȖ-
ȖȉȘȈȏȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȍ «ȅȒȏȍȓȤșȐȖȘȈ» ȏȈ ȥȚț ȕȖȟȤ țȔȍȕȤ-
ȠȐȓȖșȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȕȈȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț ǯȈ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍȔ ǺȘȐȗȓȧ,
ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋșȍ ȒȖȕȒțȘȍȕȚȣ-ȒȖȕȞȍșșȐȖȕȍȘȣ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ǷȈȘȈȗȈ-
ȔȐȏ ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȐ ȖȘțȎȍȑȕȣȝ ȏȈȊȖȌȖȊ ȊȣȎȐȌȈȓȐ Ǵ-Ș
ǺȈȕȋȓȤ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȏȈȊȚȘȈȒț ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȔ
ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȖȝȖȚȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȡȐȔ ȌȊȈ ȘȧȌȈ ȏȖȓȖ-
Țȣȝ ȏțȉȖȊ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȝ șȖȓȐȌȕȣȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ ȜȖȕȌ ǷȘȖ-
ȚȐȊ ȗȘȐȉȖȘȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȊȐȏȐȚȕȈȧ ȒȈȘȚȖȟ-
ȒȈ DzȖȘȕ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȓ
— «dzȍȖȗȖȓȤȌ ǪȖȓȤȒȍȕȒȘȈȞȍȘ ȅȒșȚȘȈȜȐȓȤȔ U.S.Ǩª.
ǯȈȊȚȘȈȒ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȗȘȐȓȐȟȍșȚȊțȦȡȍȔ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȐ ǷȖșȓȍ
ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȕȈ Ȕ-Ș ǺȈȕȋȓȤ ȉȓȈȋȖȎȍȓȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ șȊȖȐȔ
șȖșȍȌȧȔ
— ǵȍȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȈ ȗȖ ǷȈȘȈȗȈȔȐȏț ǻȋȖȌȕȖ"
DzȖȘȕț ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȚȤ Ȕ-ȘȈ ǺȈȕȋȓȧ. ǷȘȐȋ-
ȓȈȠȍȕȐȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȒȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
ǰ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȍȕȕȣȔ ȠȈȋȖȔ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȖȊ șȖ-
ȊȍȘȠȈȦȡȐȝ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒț ȘȈȌȐ ȔȖȞȐȖȕȈ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǺȈȕȋȓȤ ǪȖȓȤ-
ȒȍȕȒȘȈȞȍȘ Ȑ DzȖȘȕ ȊȣȠȓȐ Ȑȏ ȖȚȍȓȧ
ǷȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ țșȚȈȘȍȊȠȐȔ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧȔ ǷȈȘȈȗȈȔȐȏ ȐȔȍȍȚ
ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ șȖȘȖȒȈ Țȣșȧȟ ȎȐȚȍȓȍȑ

108
ǬȖșȚȖȗȘȐȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȈȧ șȚȈȕȞȐȧ ȚȘȈȔ-
ȊȈȑ ȔțȕȐȞȐȗȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȚȍȈȚȘ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚ Ȑ ȚȦȘȤȔȈ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ,
ȉțȘȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ Ȋȕȍș ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȒȐ
Ȋ ȥȚȐ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ǯȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȍȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ Șȍș-
ȗțȉȓȐȒȐ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȧ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȍ ǷȈȘȈȗȈȔȐȏȈ țȔȍȕȤȠȐȓȖșȤ ȗȖȟ-
ȚȐ ȊȌȊȖȍ ȅȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȈȧ șȚȈȕȞȐȧ ȉȣȓȈ șȖȎȎȍȕȈ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș
ȜȍȑȍȘȊȍȘȒȖȔ ȗȖ șȓțȟȈȦ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȋȖȌȖȊȡȐȕȣ ȗȘȖȊȖȏ-
ȋȓȈȠȍȕȐȧ ȕȍȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖșȚȐ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ ǺȘȈȔȊȈȑ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȖȌȈȕ
ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȘȍȓȤșȈȔȐ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȔ șȖșȚȈȊȖȔ ȊȖȓȤ-
ȕȖȔț ȋȖȘȖȌț ǰȕȏȍ Ȋ ȕȍȏȈȉȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȒȈȉȐ-
ȕȍȚȈ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȖȊ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ ǬȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȍ ǷȈȘȈȗȈȔȐ-
ȏȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȏȈȉȣȚȤ ȟțȌȍșȕȖȋȖ ȐșȟȍȏȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȧ ǵȈ Ȋȣ-
Șțȟȍȕȕȣȍ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȈȧ ȋȊȈȘȌȍȑ-
șȒȈȧ ȌȐȊȐȏȐȧ ǻȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚ ȉȣȓ țȗȘȈȏȌȕȍȕ ȗȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȦ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȍȡȍ șȒȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ-ȐȕșȗȍȒȚȖȘȈ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘȐȐ
ȕȣȕȍ ȌȐȒȚȈȚȖȘȈ Ȑ ȜȍȓȤȌȔȈȘȠȈȓȈ ǷȈȘȐșȐ Ǫ ȏȌȈȕȐȐ țȕȐ-
ȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘȐȑșȒȖȍ țȟȐȓȐȡȍ ǺȍȈȚȘ șȖ-
ȝȘȈȕȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȔțȕȐȞȐȗȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȔȦȏȐȒ-ȝȖȓȓȈ ǰ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȚȦȘȤȔȈ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȊȐȌȍ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ țȕȈșȓȍ-
ȌȖȊȈȕȈ ȌȍȔȖȒȘȈȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȘȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȖȑ ȖȚ ȐȔȗȍȘșȒȖȋȖ ȘȍȎȐ-
ȔȈ ǴȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȔȐȕȐșȚȍȘșȚȊȈ Ȑ țȟȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȧ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ
ȘȈȏȔȍșȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȏȌȈȕȐȧȝ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ dzțȟȠȐȍ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ — ȌȈȟȈ ȋț-
ȉȍȘȕȈȚȖȘȈ Ȑ ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒȖȍ țȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ — ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȕȧȚȣ ȗȈȘ-
ȓȈȔȍȕȚȖȔ Ȑ ȌȊȖȘȞȖȔ ǷȈȘȐșȐ Dz ȌȊȖȘȞț ȌȐȒȚȈȚȖȘȈ ȊȍȌȍȚ ȠȐ-
ȘȖȒȈȧ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȔȖȡȍȕȈȧ țȓȐȞȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ
țȓȐȞȍȑ ǹȊȖȉȖȌȣ ǰ ș ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ
ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȣ Ȋ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȣ ȌȐȒȚȈȚȖȘȈ
ǬȈ ȥȚȖ Ȗȕ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȔȖȋ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ Ȋ șȍȑȜȍ
24- ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȏȈȗȐșȒȐ. ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȖșȓȣȑ șȚȈȚ-
ȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș șȍȌȐȕȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖ ȗȖȌșȚȘȐȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ țșȈȔȐ Ȑ
ȘȈșȗȖȓȈȋȈȦȡȍȑ Ȓ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȦ ȊȕȍȠȕȖșȚȤȦ ȖȗȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȉȈȘȐȚȖȕȈ
ȐȓȐ ȠȍȜȈ ȒȘțȗȤȍ Ȋ ǴȖȕȚȍ-DzȈȘȓȖ
ǵȈȌ ǷȈȘȈȗȈȔȐȏȖȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȋȖȓțȉȖȍ ȕȍȉȖ ǹȖȓȕȞȍ Ȋȣșț-
ȠȐȓȖ ȚȘȖȚțȈȘȣ Ȑ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȓȍȋȒȖȑ ȘȧȉȐ ȓțȎ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȔ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȐȍȔ țȓȐȞ
ǷȈȘȈȗȈȔȐȏȈ ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȐ ș țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ Ȋșȓțȝ
ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȈ Ȑ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȖȉȘȈȏțȔȐȓȐ ȊȘȈȎȌțȦȡȐȍ

109
șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ǵȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȗțȠȍȟȕȣȑ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓ ȕȍ ȕȈȘțȠȈȓ țȚȘȍȕ-
ȕȍȑ ȚȐȠȐȕȣ dzȍȖȗȖȓȤȌ ǪȖȓȤȒȍȕȒȘȈȞȍȘ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȌȊȈ ȘȧȌȈ ȏȖ-
ȓȖȚȣȝ ȏțȉȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȕȍȖȚȘȈȏȐȔȣȑ ȥȜ-
ȜȍȒȚ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȕȍ șȖȗȍȘȕȐȟȈȧ ș șȖȓȕȞȍȔ
— ǷȘȍȌșȚȖȐȚ ȖșȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ..
— Ǫȣ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚȍ"
ǪȖȓȤȒȍȕȒȘȈȞȍȘ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȟȈșȣ Ȑ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȖ
— Ǫȣ țȊȐȌȐȚȍ Ȋ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȟȈșȈ Ȍȕȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȈȌ
ȗȘȍȌȔȍșȚȤȍȔ ȅȚȖ ȖȉȖȑȌȍȚșȧ ȕȍȌȍȠȍȊȖ «ȅȒșȚȘȈȜȐȓȤȔțª...
— ǯȈȚȍȔ ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȧ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȈȚȤ ȔțȒȈȔ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȈ
DzȖȘȕȈ ǪȖȓȤȒȍȕȒȘȈȞȍȘ ȐșȟȍȘȗȣȊȈȦȡȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— «ȅȒșȚȘȈȜȐȓȤȔ» șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȚ ȒȐȕȖșȢȍȔȒȐ ȋȍ-
ȕȍȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ț ǷȈȘȈȗȈȔȐȏȈ ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȜȐȓȤȔ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ǭȊȘȖȗȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȠȍșȚȤ Ȍȕȍȑ — ǨȔȍȘȐȒȈ «ȅȒșȚ-
ȘȈȜȐȓȤȔ» ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȍȚ ȖȉȍȐȔ șȚȖȘȖȕȈȔ Ȋșȍ ȏȈȚȘȈȚȣ ȗȖ ȘȈș-
ȝȖȌȖȊȈȕȐȦ ȉȖȍȊȣȝ ȗȘȐȗȈșȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖ țȉȣȚȒȈȔ ȖȚ ȉȖȔȉȈȘȌȐ-
ȘȖȊȒȐ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȍȕȕȣȔ ȥȚȐȔ șȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȖ Ȗȉȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȗȉȍ-
ȡȈȦȚ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟțȌȍșȈ
ǷȖȕȐȔȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȍ ȘȈșșȗȘȖșȣ ȕȈȘțȠȈȦȚ ȌȍȓȖ-
ȊțȦ ȚȈȑȕț DzȖȘȕ ȕȍ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓ ȘȈȏȢȧșȕȍȕȐȑ
ǶȕȐ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒț ȏȕȈȒȖȔȧșȤ ș ȉȣȚȖȔ Ȑ ȕȘȈȊȈ-
ȔȐ Ǫ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȒȈȏȕȈȟȍȑșȚȊȍ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ DzȖȘȐ ȐȔȍȓ
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ țȉȍȌȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ș ȒȈȒȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ ȋȖșțȌȈȘ-
șȚȊȖ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȧȍȚșȧ Ȓ țșȓȖȊȐȧȔ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǪșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȎ-
ȕȣȝ șȓțȝȖȊ Ȑȏ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ ȌȍȕȍȎȕȈȧ ȍȌȐȕȐȞȈ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ — ȓȐȘȈ
— ȗȈȌȈȓȈ ș ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȍȊȣȠȈȦȡȍȑ ȖȉȣȟȕțȦ
ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȒȈȏȕȈȟȍȑșȚȊȖ ȖșȕȖȊȣȊȈȧșȤ ȕȈ șȚȘȖ-
ȋȖ ȕȈțȟȕȖȔ ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗȍ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȚȘțȌȈ, țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐ-
șȗȖșȖȉȓȧȓȖșȤ Ȓ țșȓȖȊȐȧȔ Ǫ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȐ Țȍ-
ȓȍȋȘȈȜȐșȚ șȐȌȍȊȠȐȑ ț ȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜȕȖȋȖ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈ șȖȖȉȡȈȓ
ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȔț ȓȐȞț ȒțȘș ȥȘȐȚȘȍȑșȒȖȑ ȓȐȘȣ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȝ
ȔȐȘȖȊȣȝ ȉȐȘȎȈȝ ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ ȗȘȖȊȖȏȋȓȈ-
ȠȈȓȖ Ȋșȓțȝ ȗȖȓțȟȈȍȔȣȍ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ
ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒȈ șȕȈȉȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤȦ ȟȍȚȣȘȤȔȧ șȖșȚȈȊȕȣȔȐ
ȠȚȈȔȗȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ȞȐȜȘ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȖșȖȉȣȍ ȖȒȖȠȍȟȒȐ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȐ ȖȚ
ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕ ȒȘȍȌȐȚȕȣȍ ȉȐȓȍȚȣ Ȑ șȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȠȚȈȔȗȣ țȊȍ-
ȓȐȟȐȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȕțȓȍȑ ȒȘȍȌȐȚȕȖȋȖ ȉȐȓȍȚȈ șȖȖȚȊȍȚ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȦ ȥȘȐȚȘȍȑșȒȖȑ ȓȐȘȣ ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȗȖȒȈ

ȉȐȓȍȚ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ Ȋ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȐ Ȑȏ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȒȊȐȕȚȐȓȤȖȕȈ ȓȐȘ ȗȘȍȊ-
ȘȈȡȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ șȍȒșȚȐȓȤȖȕ ȉȐȓȍȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ Ȋ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȐ
ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ Ȋ șȍȒșȚȐȓȓȐȖȕ șȍȒșȚȐȓȓȐȖȕȖȊ ǪȖ ȐȏȉȍȎȈȕȐȍ
ȗȖȚȍȘȐ ȕȈ ȒțȘșȍ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ Ȋ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȐ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ
ȝȊȖșȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȠȚȈȔȗ Ȑ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȝȊȖ-
șȚȣ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȖȒȖȠȍȟȒȈȔȐ ȕȍ țȉȣȊȈȓȐ Ȑ ȚȊȍȘȌȖ țșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȓ-
șȧ ȍȊȈȕȋȍȓȤșȒȐȑ ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗ — «ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȌȈ ȉțȌțȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔȐ».
DzȖȋȌȈ ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȓ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȤ ȌȐȒȚȈȚȖ-
ȘȈ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ «ȅȒșȚȘȈȜȐȓȤȔȈª ȌȘțȎȍșȒȐ țȓȣȉȕțȊȠȐșȤ
ȗȖșȖȊȍȚȖȊȈȓ ȍȔț ȉȣȚȤ ȘȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȟȈșȈ ȕȈ șȢȍȔȒȍ ȋȍȕȍ-
ȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ǷȖșȓȍ ȉȖȧ Ȗȕ șțȔȍȍȚ ȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȍȔț șȖȌȍȑ-
șȚȊȐȍ ǰ ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ șȍȘȌȍȟȕȖ ȗȖȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ƕȕ țȊȐȌȐȚ
ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș ȕȈ ȗȖȓȍ șȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ
ǹȖȓȕȞȍ șȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȈșȚȘȖȕȖȔȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȚȖȟȕȖșȚȤȦ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȖșȤ
Ȓ ȚȖȑ ȚȖȟȒȍ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȈ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȖȕȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȣȗȖȓ-
ȕȧȚȤ șȊȖȐ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȒȖȕȚȘȈȋȍȕȚȈ «ȅȒșȚȘȈ-
ȜȐȓȤȔȈª.

111
ǿǾǮǴdzǻǶdz ȁ ǽǮǽǮǾǮǺǶǵǮ
ǵȈ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓȤȕȍ ȒȈȜȍȌȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȖȉȖȘȈ Ȋ ǷȈȘȈȗȈȔȐȏȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ș ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ ȒȖȔȜȖȘȚȖȔ ȘȈșșȚȈȊȓȍȕȣ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȘȍșȍȓ
Ȑ șȚțȓȤȍȊ Ȑ șȚȖȓȣ ș ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȕȈȗȐȚȒȈȔȐ ǷȍȘ-
Ȋȣȍ ȘȧȌȣ țșȚțȗȐȓȐ ȌȈȔȈȔ ȌȊțȔ șȍșȚȘȈȔ-ȚțȘȐșȚȒȈȔ șȗȍ-
ȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȠȐȔ Ȑȏ dzȖȕȌȖȕȈ Ȋ ǷȈȘȈȗȈȔȐȏ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȐ-
șțȚșȚȊȐȧ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ ȏȈ șȖȉȣȚȐȧȔȐ Ȋ
ǷȈȘȈȗȈȔȐȏȍ ǸȧȌȖȔ ș ȕȐȔȐ șȐȌȍȓȐ DzȖȘȕ Ȕ-Ș ǺȈȕȋȓȤ Ȑ ǪȖȓȤ-
ȒȍȕȒȘȈȞȍȘ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖșȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȖ Ȋșȍ Ȗȉȡȍ-
șȚȊȖ Ƕȕ Ȏȍ Ȑ ȌȈȊȈȓ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ
ȗȖȓȍȊȣȔ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȍȔ ȔȍșȚȈ ȏȈșȓțȎȐȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ.
— ǵȈȗȘȈȊȖ ț ȗȓȖȚȐȕȣ Ȋȣ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕȣ — ȥȚȖ ȔȍșȚȖ
ȉȖȍȊ Ȋ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȦȦ ȊȖȑȕț ȔȍȎȌț ǰȔȖȋȍȕȐȍȑ Ȑ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȍȑ
ǸȈȏȊȈȓȐȕȣ ȚȘȍȝȥȚȈȎȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ — ȥȚȖ ȋȖșȗȐȚȈȓȤ ȗȘȐȔȍȘ
ȊȍșȤȔȈ țȌȈȟȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȕȐȧ șȕȈȘȧȌȈ șȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ ș ȈȥȘȖ-
ȗȓȈȕȈ ǵȈ șȍȊȍȘȖ-ȊȖșȚȖȒȍ ț ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȏȐȋȏȈ-
ȋȐ — ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȍșȚȤ ȖȒȖȗȣ ȈȘȔȐȐ ȋȘȈȜȈ ǷȈȟțȓȐ ǩȓȐȎȍ Ȓ ȕȈȔ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȖȚ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȏȈ ȕȈșȣȗȤȦ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȌȖȘȖ-
ȋȐ — ȖȒȖȗȣ ȈȘȔȐȐ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȈ ǷȈȘȐșȐ ǷȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ȔȍȎȌț
ȕȈșȣȗȤȦ Ȑ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ȍșȚȤ ȓȐȕȐȧ ȜȘȖȕȚȈ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȗȖșȓȍ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȈȘȚȐȓȓȍȘȐȑșȒȖȑ ȌțȥȓȐ ȉț-
ȌȍȚ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȈ ȋȈȏȖȊȈȧ ȈȚȈȒȈ Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȈȚȈȒȈ ȐȕȜȈȕȚȍȘȐȐ
DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕ Ȋ ȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖșȚȐ ȖȚ ȐșȝȖȌȈ șȘȈȎȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȉȖȑ ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘȐȐ
— ǬȈȎȍ"
— ǹȖȋȓȈșȕȖ țșȓȖȊȐȦ ©ȅȒșȚȘȈȜȐȓȤȔª ȐȔȍȍȚ ȗȘȈȊȖ ȕȈ
ȒȈȊȈȓȍȘȐȑșȒȐȑ ȉȖȑ ȗȘȐ țȟȈșȚȐȐ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȌȊțȝ Țȣșȧȟ șȈ-
ȉȍȓȤ ș ȒȈȎȌȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ǷȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȐ ȉțȌțȚ ȖȉșȚȘȍȓȐȊȈȚȤ ȦȎ-
ȕțȦ ȟȈșȚȤ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȏȈ ȗȓȖȚȐȕȖȑ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȑ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȑ
ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓ
— Ǫȣ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚȍ"
— ǪȗȖȓȕȍ ȘȈȏțȔȕȖȍ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȍȕȐȍ ȈȘȚȐȓȓȍȘȐȑșȒȖȋȖ
Ȗȋȕȧ Ƕȉȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȖȉșȚȘȍȓȐȊȈȦȚ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓ DzȚȖ ȉȣ
ȕȐ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȓ ȌȐȒȚȈȚȖȘ ǷȈȘȐșȐ ȐȓȐ ȋȘȈȜ ǷȈȟțȓȐ, ȕȖ ȘȈȉȖ-
ȟȐȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓ ȉțȌȍȚ șȕȍșȍȕ ȌȖ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȅȚȖ ȘȈȏțȔȕȈȧ ȊȗȖȓ-

112
ȕȍ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȔȍȘȈ Ȋ ȘȈșȟȍȚȍ ȕȈ ȉțȌțȡȍȍ Ǫșȍ țȒȈȏȈȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȔȕȖȑ ȗțȕȒȚȣ Ȋȣ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȕȍȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȋȓȈȏȖȔ Ǫ ȉȐ-
ȕȖȒȓȤ Ȋșȍ Ȋȣ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȘȈȏȋȓȧȌȍȚȤ ȏȈ ȕȈșȣȗȤȦ ȕȈ ȗȓȈȚȜȖȘȔȍ
ȋȘțȗȗț ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȖȊ — ȠȚȈȉ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȈ ǷȈȘȐșȐ Ȑ ȍȋȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ Ȋ
ȉȍȓȖȔ ȔțȕȌȐȘȍ Ȑ ȕȈ ȉȍȓȖȔ ȒȖȕȍ ǵȈȠȐ ȒȐȕȖȖȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȣ Ȋ
ȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ șȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȌȐȒȚȈȚȖȘȈ ȖȉȢȍȏȎȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȜȘȖȕȚ
Ȑ ȖȉȖȌȘȧȦȡȍȋȖ șȊȖȐ ȊȖȑșȒȈ ǬȘțȋȈȧ ȋȘțȗȗȈ ȒȐȕȖȖȗȍȘȈȚȖ-
ȘȖȊ șȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȋȘȈȜȈ ǷȈȟțȓȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȧȡȍȋȖ ȖȉȖȌȘȧȦȡțȦ
ȘȍȟȤ ȊȖȑșȒȈȔ ǷȖȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȚȍȒșȚ ȘȍȟȐ Ȋȣ țȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȕȈ
ȥȒȘȈȕȍ
— dzȍȌȐ Ȑ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȣ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ǿȍȚȣȘȍ ȟȈșȈ
ǵȈȌ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȍȚ ȉȍȓȖȍ ȖȉȓȈȒȖ
— ǷțȠȒȈ ǹȐȋȕȈȓ ǪȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ
ǷțȠȍȟȕȣȍ ȏȈȓȗȣ ș ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ǷțȠȍȟȕȣȍ ȏȈȓȗȣ ș
ȕȈșȣȗȐ ǨȘȚȐȓȓȍȘȐȑșȒȈȧ ȌțȥȓȤ ǷȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȍ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȖ-
ȒȖȓȤȕȍ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȈȦȚ Ȓ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȧȔ dzȍȖȗȖȓȤȌ ǪȖȓȤȒȍȕȒȘȈȞȍȘ
ȊȍȘȝȖȔ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȐȓȈȝ ȌȐȘȐȎȐȘțȍȚ ȒȈȕȖȕȈȌȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ
ȌȐȘȐȎȍȘ șȐȔȜȖȕȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȖȘȒȍșȚȘȈ ǹȚȈȘȧșȤ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȐȟȈȚȤ
ȋȘȖȝȖȚ Ȗȕ ȒȘȐȟȐȚ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ țȠȕțȦ ȘȈȒȖȊȐȕț DzȖȘȕȈ
— ǹȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȖ ȗȘȖȋȘȈȔȔȍ ȋȈȏȖȊȈȧ ȈȚȈȒȈ
ǵȖ ȔȍȎȌț ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȕȈșȣȗȤȦ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ȕȍ-
ȟȚȖ ȕȍȗȘȍȌțșȔȖȚȘȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȖȔ ȗȘȖȋȘȈȔȔȣ ǺȣșȧȟȈ ȊȖȖ-
ȘțȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȐȒȈȔȐ ȎȍȓȚȖ-ȏȍȓȍȕȣȝ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȖȊ șȒȈȟȍȚ ȗȖ Ȋȣ-
ȚȖȗȚȈȕȕȖȔț ȒțȒțȘțȏȕȖȔț ȗȖȓȦ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȌȘțȋȖȑ Țȣșȧȟȍ șȒȈ-
ȟțȡȍȑ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȖȚ ȕȈșȣȗȐ ș ȗȐȒȈȔȐ ȕȈȗȍȘȍȊȍș
ǪȖȓȤȒȍȕȒȘȈȞȍȘ ȉȓȍȌȕȍȍȚ Ȑ ȋȘȖȏȐȚ ȒțȓȈȒȖȔ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț
ȜȘȖȕȚȈ
— ǴȖȠȍȕȕȐȒȐ Ǩ ȋȈȏȖȊȈȧ ȈȚȈȒȈ"
ǮȍȓȚȖ-ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȐ șȉȓȐȎȈȦȚșȧ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȗȉȍ ȓȍȕ-
Țȣ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȗȐȒȐ ȊȊȍȘȝ șȔȣȒȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȑ ȖșȚȈȦȚșȧ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȔȐ șȘȍȌȐ ȒțȒțȘțȏ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȧ Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȊȔȍșȚȍ șȒȈȟțȚ Ȓ ȕȈșȣȗȐ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȈȓȐ-
ȊȈȦȚ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȍ Ǫ ȉȐȕȖȒȓȤ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ Ȗȝ-
ȊȈȚȣȊȈȦȚ ȗȓȈȚȜȖȘȔț ȖȒȘțȎȈȧ ȋȘțȗȗț ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȕȕȖȋȖ ȠȚȈȉȈ
ȜȍȓȤȌȔȈȘȠȈȓȈ ǷȈȘȐșȐ ǪșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȥȚȐȔ ȖȘȈȕȎȍȊȖ-ȏȍȓȍȕȖȍ
ȏȕȈȔȧ ȌȐȒȚȈȚȖȘȈ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȓȧȠțȡȐȝ ȊȏȓȍȚȖȊ Ȋ ȊȖȏ-
Ȍțȝȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȗȈȌȈȍȚ Ȑȏ ȋȓȈȏ

113
dzȍȖȗȖȓȤȌ ǪȖȓȤȒȍȕȒȘȈȞȍȘ Ȋ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖȔ ȉȍȠȍȕșȚȊȍ ȉȘȖ-
șȈȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕȕȖȔț ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚț ǭȋȖ ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȋȓțȠȈȍȚ ȏȈȚȐȝȈȦȡȐȍ ȘȈșȒȈȚȣ ȒȈȕȖȕȈȌȣ
— ǩȈȏȈ ȒȐȕȖȖȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȖȊ" ǨȓȓȖ ǩȈȏȈ" ǨȓȓȖ ǿȚȖ
ȚȈȒȖȍ ȚȈȔ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ"
Ǫșȍ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȍ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓȤȕȍ ȏȈȔȐȘȈȦȚ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ,
ȕȈȗȘȧȋȈȧ șȓțȝ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȟȓȍȕȖȘȈȏȌȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȊȖșȒȓȐȞȈ-
ȕȐȑ ǪȖȓȤȒȍȕȒȘȈȞȍȘȈ ȏȈȚȍȔ Ȗȕ ȒȘȐȟȐȚ:
— ǷȖȓȐȚȐȒȈ?!.. Ƕ ȉțȌȤȚȍ Ȋȣ ȚȘȐȎȌȣ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣ
— ǿȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ"
Ƕȕ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȍȚșȧ
— ȅȚȖȚ ȌțȘȈȒ ǷȈȘȐșȐ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȏȈȏȕȈȓșȧ ǷȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ
ȒȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȗȈȓȈȚȈ ȊȖȚȐȘȖȊȈȓȈ ȒȖȕȞȍșșȐȦ ǺȘȐȗȓȧ Ȗȕ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ
ȕȍ ȕțȎȍȕ... ǷȖșȖȓ ǨȓȤȉȐȖȕȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓ ȊȣȗȓȈȚț ȍȔț șțȉșȐ-
ȌȐȐ ȅȚȖȚ Ȗșȍȓ ȕȍ țȗȓȈȚȐȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȊȖȑșȒȈȔ ȎȈȓȖȊȈȕȐȧ Ȑ
ȖȕȐ șȋȖȊȖȘȐ ȖȕȐ șȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐșȤ ș ȋȘȈȜȖȔ ǷȈȟțȓȐ Ȑ șȞȈȗȈȓȐ
ǷȈȘȐșȐ Ȑ ȊȍșȤ ȍȋȖ ȠȚȈȉ Ƕ ȎțȓȐȒȐ ǺȘȐȎȌȣ ȎțȓȐȒȐ
ǹȖȘȊȈȚȤ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȤȕȖȍ șȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ǿȚȖ șȒȈȎȍȚ ȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ
«ȅȒșȚȘȈȜȐȓȤȔȈª" ȇ Ȏȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȟȚȖ «ȅȒșȚȘȈȜȐȓȤȔțª Ȉ ȕȍ
ǨȓȤȉȐȖȕț ȐȓȐ ǫȈȓȐȒȈȕȐȐ ȐȔȍȓȖ șȔȣșȓ șțȉșȐȌȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȊșȦ
ȥȚț ȓȈȊȖȟȒț
Ǫ ȐȏȕȍȔȖȎȍȕȐȐ Ȗȕ ȗȈȌȈȍȚ ȕȈ șȚțȓ Ȑ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȈȍȚ Ȓ șȚȈȒȈ-
ȕț șȖȌȖȊȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ țșȗȍȊȈȍȚ ȗȖȌȕȍșȚȐ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȋțȉȈȔ ǺȈȕȋȓȤ
ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȕȐȐ ȉȖȘȔȖȟȍȚ
— DzȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ Ȕȕȍ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ǷȈȘȐșȐ"
ǪȖȓȤȒȍȕȒȘȈȞȍȘ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ Ȑȏ șȍȉȧ Ȑ ȊȖșȒ-
ȓȐȞȈȍȚ ș ȖșȚȍȘȊȍȕȍȕȐȍȔ
— Ǫȣ ȍȋȖ țȊȐȌȐȚȍ Ȋȣ ȍȋȖ țȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȕȈ ȊȐșȍȓȐȞȍ,
***
ǴȖȋ ȓȐ ȕȍșȊȍȌțȡȐȑ Ȋ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈȝ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȐ ȥȕȚțȏȐȈșȚ-
ȍȋȐȗȋȖȓȖȋ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȗțȚȐ Ȓ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȒȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȥȗȖȝȐ, șȚȘȈȚȍȋȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȌȐȊȍȘșȐȧ
ȒȈȒțȦ Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ ș ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓȤȕȐ ȒȈȜȍȌȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȖȉȖȘȈ Ȋ ǷȈ-
ȘȈȗȈȔȐȏȍ ȖȚȉȘȖșȐȚ ȍȋȖ Ȓ ȐșȝȖȌȕȖȑ ȚȖȟȒȍ ȍȋȖ ȘȖȏȣșȒȖȊ"

ǬȈȎȍ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ DzȖȘȕ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȓ ȗȈȟȒț ȗȖș-
ȓȍȌȕȐȝ ȋȈȏȍȚ ȚȖ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȕȍ șțȔȍȓ ȉȣ ȗȘȍȌțȋȈȌȈȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȑ
șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ Ȑ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍȔ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȣȑ ȜȐȕȈȓ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ Ȋ Țȍȟȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȌȊțȝ ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȊȠȐȝ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ǭȊȘȖȗȣ
ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȒȓȦȟ Ȓ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȒȍ ȥȚȐȝ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ ȌȈȍȚ ȞȐȚȈȚȈ
Ȑȏ șȚȈȚȤȐ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȖȏȘȍȊȈȚȍȓȧ ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȋȈȏȍ-
Țȣ «ǨȓȤȉȐȖȕ» șȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ȗȖȌ ȗșȍȊȌȖȕȐȔȖȔ DzȊȐȕȚȐ-
ȓȐȈȕ.

115
ǺǮȀ ǰ DzǰǮ ȃǼDzǮ
«ǷȈȓȈȚȈ ȌȍȗțȚȈȚȖȊ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȡȈȧ ȊȍșȤ ȚȘțȌȖȓȦ-
ȉȐȊȣȑ Ȑ ȟȍșȚȕȣȑ ȗȈȘȖȌ ȥȚȖȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ
ȊȖȚȐȘȖȊȈȓȈ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȍ ȌȐȒȚȈȚȖȘț ǷȈȘȐșȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȐȓ
ȒȖȕȞȍșșȐȦ ȕȈ șțȌȖȝȖȌșȚȊȖ ȗȖ ȘȍȒȍ dzȐȚȍ Ȕ-Șț ǺȘȐȗȓȦ ǶȚȕȣȕȍ
țȎȍ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȑ ȒȖȔț ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȖșȗȈȘȐȊȈȚȤ
ȗȘȈȊȈ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ țȊȈȎȈȍȔȖȋȖ ȕȍȋȖȞȐȈȕȚȈ Ȕ-ȘȈ ǺȘȐȗȓȧ ȕȈ ȘȍȋțȓȐ-
ȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȊȈȎȕȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈ Ȗ șțȌȖȝȖȌșȚȊȍ ȗȖ ȘȍȒȍ dzȐȚȍ ȖȚ ȍȍ
ȐșȚȖȒȖȊ ȌȖ țșȚȤȧ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȠȐ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȘȈȏȕȖ-
ȋȓȈșȐȧ țȓȈȎȍȕȣ ȌȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȔ ȊȖȚțȔȖȔ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȧ Ȕ-Șț ǺȘȐȗȓȦ
ȕȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȑ ȖșȓȖȎȕȧȚȤ ȊȏȈȐȔȖȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ȌȊțȝ Ȋȍ-
ȓȐȒȐȝ ȌȍȘȎȈȊ-șȖȦȏȕȐȞ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȊȖȗȘȖșȍ Ȗ șțȌȖȝȖȌ-
șȚȊȍ ȗȖ ȘȍȒȍ dzȐȚȍ»
ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȔȖȋ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ ȗȍȘȍȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȔțȦ ȊȣȠȍ
ȞȐȚȈȚț ȕȖ ȊȘȧȌ ȓȐ Ȗȕ țȓȖȊȐȓ ȉȣ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȕȈȔȍȒ ȕȈ șțȌȤȉț ȌȐȒȚȈȚȖȘȈ ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ Ȕ-Ș ǺȈȕȋȓȤ ȉȖ-
ȓȍȍ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȦȡȐȑșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ șȐȚțȈȞȐȐ ȗȘȖȟȐȚȈȊ-
ȠȐȑ ȍȍ ȗȖșȚȜȈȒȚțȔ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔ ȏȈȖșȚȘȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȖȋȚȍȔ
ȟȍȘȚț ȖȚ șȓȖȊ «ȕȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȑ ȖșȓȖȎȕȧȚȤ» ȌȖ ȒȖȕ-
ȞȈ ȜȘȈȏȣ Ȑ ș țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ
— ǿȍȘȚ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ ǶȕȐ șȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐșȤ ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǺȘȐȗȓȤ ȗȖ-
ȓțȟȐȓ ȒȖȕȞȍșșȐȦ ȔȈȊȘ șȌȍȓȈȓ șȊȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ Ȑ ȔȈȊȘȈ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȊȍșȐȚȤ ǩȍȌȕȣȑ ǷȈȘȐș ǻșȚțȗȖȟȒȈ ǫȈȓȐȒȈȕȐȐ țșȚțȗȖȟȒȈ
ǨȓȤȉȐȖȕȈ Ȑ ȖȕȐ șȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐșȤ
ȅȚȐ șȓȖȕȈ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȓ ȏȈ ȚȈȉȓȤȌȖȚȖȔ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȗȘȐșȚȈȊȐȊ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȣ Ȓ
ȔȘȈȔȖȘȕȖȔț ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓț ȌȍȑșȚȊțȧ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȔȐ ȖȘțȌȐȧ-
ȔȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȉȐȓȐ ȒȈșȒț țșȣ Ȑ șȈȔț ȋȖȓȖȊț ȗȈ-
ȔȧȚȕȐȒȈ.
ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȈȊȚȖȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȕȖȎȖȔ Ȑ ȊȐȓȒȖȑ
ȌȖ ȚȖȑ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȗȖȒȈ Ȗȕ ȕȍ șȟȍȓ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȤ șȗȖ-
ȒȖȑșȚȊȐȍ Ƕȕ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȏȈ ȓȖȒȖȚȤ Ȕ-ȘȈ ǺȈȕȋȓȧ Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ș
ȋȖȘȧȟȕȖșȚȤȦ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȊȠȍȑ ȍȋȖ șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒȈ

116
— Ǵ-Ș ǺȈȕȋȓȤ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȓȐ Ȋȣ țșȚȘȖȐȚȤ Ȕȕȍ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȍ
ș ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȖȔ ǷȈȘȐșȐ" Ǵ-Ș ǺȈȕȋȓȤ ǹȟȐȚȈȑȚȍ ȥȚȖ ȥȒșȞȍȕȚ-
ȘȐȟȕȖșȚȤȦ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ ȟȍȔ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȕȖ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ
ȍȋȖ ǻȊȍȘȧȦ ȊȈș, Ȕ-Ș ǺȈȕȋȓȤ
— ȅȚȖ Ȋșȍ? ǵȍ ȚȘțȌȐȚȍșȤ..
Ǵ-Ș ǺȈȕȋȓȤ ȖȉȊȍȓ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȗȖȓțȒȘțȋȓțȦ ȏȈ-
ȓț ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȈ ȗȘȐ ȖȚȍȓȍ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȓȍȋȒȖȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ șȖȋȕț-
ȚȣȔ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȔ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖȔț ȔȖȓȖȌȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȍ-
ȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ șȐȌȍȓ ȏȈ ȕȍȚȘȖȕțȚȣȔ ȗȘȐȉȖȘȖȔ Ȑ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȗȖȓȐȘȖȊȒȖȑ ȕȖȋȚȍȑ ȐȓȐ ȚȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȘȈȕȐȍȔ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȔȖȕȖȒȓȧ ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ
ȥȓȈșȚȐȟȕȖ ȐȏȖȋȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȘȝȕțȓ ȕȈ ȗțșȚȖȑ șȚțȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ
ș Ȕ-ȘȖȔ ǺȈȕȋȓȍȔ Ǵ-Ș ǺȈȕȋȓȤ Ȋ ȗȘȖȔȍȎțȚȒȈȝ ȔȍȎȌț ȎȍȊȈ-
ȕȐȍȔ ȉȐȜȠȚȍȒșȈ ȖȌȕȐȔ țȋȓȖȔ ȘȚȈ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǴȖȍȔț ȌȘțȋț Ȕ-Șț DzȖȘȕț ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ Ȋ ȕȈțȟȕȣȝ
Ȟȍȓȧȝ șȒȈȎȍȔ — ȈȕȚȘȖȗȖȔȍȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȐȏȔȍȘȍȕȐȧ țȊȐ-
ȌȍȚȤ ǷȈȘȐșȐ Ȗȕ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȦ
— Ǫ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȑ ȞȐȚȈȌȍȓȐ
— ǬȈ ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ
— ȇ ȌȖȓȖȎț ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊț ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕț ȠȍȜț
— Ǫșȍ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȍ ȘȈșȝȖȌȣ
— ǷȖȕȐȔȈȦ ǶȚȊȍȚ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȟȈș
ǰ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȥȓȈșȚȐȟȕȖșȚȤȦ ȔȧȋȒȖșȚȤȦ
Ȋ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧȝ țȗȖȘȝȕțȓ șȖ șȚțȓȈ Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ Ȑșȟȍȏ Ȑȏ ȋȓȈȏ ș ȗȖ-
ȟȚȐ șȊȍȘȝȢȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȓȍȋȒȖșȚȤȦ.
— DzȚȖ"
— ǨȋȍȕȚ ȌȍȗȈȘȚȈȔȍȕȚȈ ȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȍȕșȚȊȐȧ
ǰ ȘȈȌȐ șȉȍȘȍȎȍȕȐȧ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȎȌȈȧ ȘȈșșȗȘȖșȣ
ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȑ ȒȘȈȚȒȖ
— ǬȍȗȈȘȚȈȔȍȕȚ ȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȍȕșȚȊȐȧ — ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍș-
ȒȈȧ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȧ ǷȘȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȘȖȚȈȝ șȖȝȘȈȕȧȍȚ ȓȖȧȓȤȕȖșȚȤ
ȈȊȚȖȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȧ ȕȈ șȓțȎȉț ȕȖȊȖȔț ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊț.
ǸȖȊȕȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȟȈș Ȋȣ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȍ Ȋșȍ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȍ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ
ǮȍȓȈȦ țșȗȍȝȈ
ǯȈȚȍȔ ȖȚȉȘȖșȐȊ șȈȓȜȍȚȒț Ȕ-Ș ǺȈȕȋȓȤ ȖȚȖȌȊȐȕțȓ șȚțȓ Ȑ
ȗȖȒȐȕțȓ ȏȈȓ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȈ
ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȖȚȒȈȔȐ ȗȐȓ ȒȖȜȍ Ȑ ș ȖȌȕȐ-
ȔȐ Ȑ ȚȍȔȐ Ȏȍ ȕȍȖȚȊȧȏȕȣȔȐ ȔȣșȓȧȔȐ ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȖ șȓȍȌȐȓ ȏȈ

ȚȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȐȔ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȖȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȍ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ șȖȓȌȈȚȣ
ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȈ ǷȈȟțȓȐ Ȑ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȈ ǷȈȘȐșȐ ȍȌȐȕȖȌțȠȕȖ ȘȈȏȋȘȖ-
ȔȐȊ ȊȐȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȋȘȍȉ ȗȘȍȌȈȊȈȓȐșȤ ȊȖȏȓȐȧȕȐȦ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ȗȖ
ȗȖȊȖȌț ȓȍȋȒȖ ȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȕȖȑ ȗȖȉȍȌȣ

118
ȂdzǹȊDzǺǮǾȆǮǹ ǽǮǾǶǿǶ
Ǫ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȖȔ ȧȡȐȒȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȑ ȒȓȈȌȒȐ — ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤ ȌȊȈȌ-
ȞȈȚȤ ȒȊȈȌȘȈȚȕȣȝ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ — ȔȍȉȍȓȤ ȖȚȒȐȌȣȊȈȦȡȐȑșȧ Ȏȍ-
ȓȍȏȕȣȑ șȚȖȓ șȚțȓ Ȑ ȖȚȒȐȌȣȊȈȦȡȈȧșȧ ȒȖȑȒȈ ș ȒȖȎȈȕȣȔ
ȗȘțȎȐȕȕȣȔ ȔȈȚȘȈȞȍȔ. ǰȏ țȋȓȈ Ȋ țȋȖȓ ȗȖ ȌȐȈȋȖȕȈȓȐ Ȑ ȊȌȖȓȤ
șȚȍȕ ȏȈȓȖȎȐȊ ȘțȒȐ ȏȈ șȗȐȕț ȝȖȌȐȚ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ șȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ
șȍȌȍȦȡȐȑ ȉȘȦȕȍȚ șȘȍȌȕȐȝ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȗȖȎȐȓȣȝ ȓȍȚ.
ǵȈ ȖȚȒȐȌȣȊȈȦȡȍȑșȧ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȗȖȓȒȍ ȏȈȔȍȕȧȦȡȍȑ șȚȖȓ
ȓȍȎȐȚ ȓȐșȚ ȉțȔȈȋȐ Ȑ ȒȈȘȈȕȌȈȠ ǬȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȈ ȓȐșȚȍ ȉțȔȈ-
ȋȐ ȘȈȏȔȈȠȐșȚȣȔ ȗȖȟȍȘȒȖȔ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ șȚȘȖ-
ȒȐ:
«ʛːˈ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˑ ˇ˃˕˟ ˒ˑˍ˃ˊ˃ːˋˢ ˅ ˒ˋ˔˟ˏˈːːˑˌ ˗ˑ˓ˏˈǤ
ʔ˔ˎˋ ˢ ˊ˃ːˋˏ˃ˡ˔˟ ˠ˕ˋˏˋ ˄ˈ˔˙ˈˎ˟ː˞ˏˋ ˒ˋ˔˟ˏˈːː˞ˏˋ ˖˒˓˃ˉ-
ːˈːˋˢˏˋǡ ˕ˑ ːˈ ˇˎˢ ˕ˑˆˑǡ ˚˕ˑ˄˞ ˑ˒˓˃˅ˇ˞˅˃˕˟˔ˢǤ ʮ ˊː˃ˡ ˔˅ˑˡ
˔˖ˇ˟˄˖ ˅ ˕ˑˏ ˋˎˋ ˇ˓˖ˆˑˏ ˔ˎ˖˚˃ˈ…»
ǽȖȘȖȠȖ șȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȕȍȕ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȍȑ. Ƕȕ
ȗȖ ȊșȍȔ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧȔ ȗȍȘȍșȍȒȈȍȚ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤ Ȋ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȒȊȈȌ-
ȘȈȚȕȣȝ ȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȏȈȚȍȔ ș ȘȈȏȔȈȝț șȈȌȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȊȚȖȘțȦ ȔȍȚȈȓ-
ȓȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȊȣȌȊȐȎȕțȦ ȗȖȓȒț țșȚȘȖȍȕȕțȦ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȐ-
Ȏȍ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȕȧȦȡțȦ șȚțȓ. ǻȌȈȘ ȏȈ țȌȈȘȖȔ Ȗȕ ȉȤȍȚ
ȒȘȍȗȒȐȔ ȒțȓȈȒȖȔ ȗȖ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȗȖȓȒȍ șȚȖȓȈ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȐȚ ȗȈ-
ȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȗȖ Ȏȍȓȍȏț șȚȐșȒȐȊȈȍȚ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȊȐșȒȐ Ȑ ȍȘȖȠȐȚ
ȊȖȓȖșȣ ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȗȕ șȕȖȊȈ ȝȊȈȚȈȍȚ ȒȈȘȈȕȌȈȠ Ȑ ȗȐȠȍȚ
«ʡˑˎ˔˕˞ˌ ˏˈ˓ˊ˃˅ˈ˙ ʞ˃˚˖ˎˋǡ ː˃˔˕ˑˢ˜˃ˢ ˗˃ˏˋˎˋˢ ˍˑ˕ˑ-
˓ˑˆˑ ʙˈˎ˟˕ˈ˓ǡ ʗˈ˓ˑːˋˏ ʙˈˎ˟˕ˈ˓ǡ ˔˖ˇˋ˅˛ˋˌ˔ˢ ˅ ʝˇˈ˔˔ˈ ˊ˃
˕ˑ˓ˆˑ˅ˎˡ ːˈ˔ˑ˅ˈ˓˛ˈːːˑˎˈ˕ːˋˏˋ ˇˈ˅˖˛ˍ˃ˏˋǡ ˒ˑˇ ˗˃ˏˋˎˋˈˌ
ʔ˓ˆˑ˒˖ˎˑ ˒˓ˑ˔ˋˇˈ˅˛ˋˌ ˚ˈ˕˞˓ˈ ˆˑˇ˃ ˅ ˒˃˓ˋˉ˔ˍˑˌ ˕ˡ˓˟ˏˈ ˊ˃
˒ˑˇˎˑˆ ˋ ˏˑ˛ˈːːˋ˚ˈ˔˕˅ˑǡ ˑ˄˅ˋːˢˈ˕ ˏˈːˢ ˅ ˖ˊ˖˓˒ˋ˓ˑ˅˃ːˋˋ
˅ˈ˓˘ˑ˅ːˑˌ ˅ˎ˃˔˕ˋ ˋ ˓˃˔˒˓ˑˇ˃ˉˈ ˕ˈ˓˓ˋ˕ˑ˓ˋˋ ʬ˓ˋ˕˓ˈˋǤ ʮ ˆˑ˓-
ˉ˖˔˟ ˠ˕ˋˏˋ ˑ˄˅ˋːˈːˋˢˏˋǤ ʮ ˖ˊ˖˓˒ˋ˓ˑ˅˃ˎ ˅ˈ˓˘ˑ˅ː˖ˡ ˅ˎ˃˔˕˟
˅ ʬ˓ˋ˕˓ˈˈǡ ˑː ˖ˊ˖˓˒ˋ˓ˑ˅˃ˎ ˒˓˃˅ˑ ˒ˑˇ˒ˋ˔ˋ ˚˖ˉˑˆˑ ˚ˈˍ˃Ǥ ʮ ˓˃˔-

˒˓ˑˇ˃˅˃ˎ ʬ˓ˋ˕˓ˈˡǡ ˑː ˄˞ˎ ˍˑː˕˓˃ˆˈː˕ˑˏ ˒˖˄ˎˋ˚ː˞˘ ˇˑˏˑ˅
ʏˎˈˍ˔˃ːˇ˓ˋˋ ˋ ʙˑː˔˕˃ː˕ˋːˑ˒ˑˎˢ»Ǥ
ȅȚȈ ȜȘȈȏȈ ȟȍȚȒȖ Ȑ ȘȈȏȉȖȘȟȐȊȖ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȈȧ ȕȈ ȓȐșȚȍ ȉț-
ȔȈȋȐ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡțȦ ȧȘȖșȚȤ ǷȈȘȐșȐ ǶȌȕȐȔ ȗȘȣȎ-
ȒȖȔ Ȗȗ ȉȘȖșȈȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȣȔȈȍȚ ȒȖȏȣȘȍȒ ȕȈȌ ȗȘȖ-
ȘȍȏȈȕȕȣȔ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȖȚȊȍȘșȚȐȍȔ Ȑ ȒȘȐȟȐȚ ȚȈȒ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȋȖ-
ȓȖș ȍȋȖ ȋțȓȒȖ ȘȈȏȕȖșȐȚșȧ ȗȖ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȔ ȕȈ Țțȕ-
ȕȍȓȤ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȈȔ ȞȐȚȈȌȍȓȐ
— ǴȖȠȍȕȕȐȒ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȍȞ ȎȐȊȖȋȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȈ ǩțȌȤ Țȣ ȗȘȖȒ-
ȓȧȚ

120
ȆdzȂ DzdzǽǮǾȀǮǺdzǻȀǮ ǯǹǮDZǼDzdzǻǿȀǰǶȍ
Ǫ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȍ ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȖȟȐ ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ șȐȌȐȚ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȍ
ȧȘȒȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȘȍȜȓȍȒȚȖȘȖȔ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȓȈȔȗȣ Ȋ șȚȖ
șȊȍȟȍȑ ǷȖ Țț șȚȖȘȖȕț ȘȍȜȓȍȒȚȖȘȈ Ȋ ȗȖȓțȚȤȔȍ ȕȍȧșȕȣȍ ȖȟȍȘ-
ȚȈȕȐȧ ȊȕțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ȧȑȞȍȖȉȘȈȏȕȈȧ ȓȣșȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ
Ȑ ȕȍȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȌȈȎȍ Ȍȓȧ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȚȖȓȡȐȕȣ, țȗȐȘȈȦȡȐȑșȧ
Ȋ ȒȘȈȑ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȚȖȓȈ ȎȐȊȖȚ ǬȊȈ ȊȐȕȚȈ ȊȍȕȚȐȓȧȚȖȘȈ
ȊȘȈȡȈȦȚșȧ ȗȖ Ȗȉȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȖȚȊȐșȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȉȖȘȖȌȒȈ
— Ǫȣ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȚȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ șȍȉȧ ȊȣȌȈȍȚȍ"
— ǹțȌȈȘȤ ȍșȓȐ Ȋȣ șȍȉȍ ȌȈȌȐȚȍ ȚȘțȌ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȚȘțȌȣ
ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ ǪșȍȋȍȘȔȈȕșȒȖȋȖ șȢȍȏȌȈ ȍȋȐȗȚȖȓȖȋȖȊ Ȋȣ ȕȈȑȌȍȚȍ ȔȖȦ
ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȦ Ȋ Ȗȉȡȍȑ ȋȘțȗȗȍ
— ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȐ ȍȋȐȗȚȖȓȖȋ"
— ǺȈȒ
— Ǫȣ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȓȐ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȖȗȈșȕȖȋȖ ȋȖșț-
ȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȐȒȈ"
— ǬȈ Ȑ ȊȖȏȔȍșȚȐȚȤ Ȋșȍ țȉȣȚȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȕȍșȍȚ ȖȚ ȥȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȊȈȠȍ ȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȖ
ǺȖȓșȚȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȌȣȠȐȚ ȌȍȘȎȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȋ ȕȈȗȘȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȐ ȒȘțȚȧȡȐȝșȧ ȊȍȕȚȐȓȧȚȖȘȖȊ
— ǪȍșȤȔȈ ȘȈȌ
ǰȏ-ȏȈ ȘȍȜȓȍȒȚȖȘȈ ȚȧȕȍȚșȧ ȘțȒȈ ș ȗȖȘȚșȐȋȈȘȖȔ
— ǩȣȓ ȉȣ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȘȈȌ ȊȈȔ șȓțȎȐȚȤ
ǪȓȈȎȕȣȑ ȚȖȓșȚȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȗȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȉȓȈ-
ȋȖȎȍȓȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȉȈșȖȔ
— ǭȡȍ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ țȚȘȖȔ ȧ țȉȍȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȗȘȐȔȐȘȐȔȖșȚȐ Ȑ
țȗȖȘșȚȊȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȐȒȈ Ƕȕ ȕȈȖȚȘȍȏ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓșȧ șȕȐȔȈȚȤ-
șȧ Ȋ ȚȦȘȤȔȍ Ȍȓȧ ȜȐȓȤȔȣ țȊȈȎȈȍȔȖȋȖ dzȍȖȗȖȓȤȌȈ ǪȖȓȤȒȍȕ-
ȒȘȈȞȍȘȈ Ȗȕ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȌȈȚȤ ȈȊȚȖȋȘȈȜ ȌȊțȔ ȊȍșȤȔȈ șȖ-
șȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȚțȘȐșȚȒȈȔ
«ǷȈȘȐșȐ, — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧ ȍȔț — ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȓȐ Țȍȉȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ" DzȈȒ-
ȕȐȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȐȉȣȓȤ Ȍȓȧ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȈ» ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȖ-
șȤȉȣ ȋ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ Ȗ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȐ ȚȖ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȍȍ
— Ǵ-Ș ǺȈȕȋȓȤ ȚȖȎȍ țȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȊȈș
— ǵȍȚ ȕțȎȌȣ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȤȉȈȝ ȕȖ

121
— ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈ ȖșȖȉȣȝ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ" ǻȊȍȘȧȦ ȊȈș ȧ ȗȘȖ-
ȍȝȈȓ ȚȘȐ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȒȐȓȖȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ ȅȚȖ ȕȍ
ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȈȊȚȖȋȘȈȜ Ȍȓȧ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊțȦȡȍȑ ȗșȐȝȖȗȈȚȒȐ
ȀȍȜ ȌȍȗȈȘȚȈȔȍȕȚȈ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȍȕșȚȊȐȧ ȊȣȚȍȘ ȓȖȉ Ȑ ȠȍȦ
ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȣȔ ȗȓȈȚȒȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǻȊȍȘȧȦ ȊȈș ȌȘțȋ ȔȖȑ. ǬȍȗȈȘȚȈȔȍȕȚ ȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȉȓȈ-
ȋȖȌȍȕșȚȊȐȧ ȖȉȧȏȈȕ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ țșȓțȋȐ țȊȈȎȈȍȔȣȔ ȋȖșȚȧȔ-
ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȈȔ ȕȖ Ȋ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȓțȟȈȧȝ ȥȚȖ ȊȣȠȍ ȕȈȠȐȝ șȐȓ
ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȋȣ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȐȚȍșȤ ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȍȑ" ǷȘȍȊȖș-
ȝȖȌȕȈȧ ȜȖȚȖȋȘȈȜȐȧ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȗȈȘȈȌȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȍ, șȕȧȚȈ ȏȈ ȕȍ-
ȌȍȓȦ ȌȖ ǰȓȐ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ, ȔȖȋț ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȐȕȚȐȔ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȈ ȈȌȘȍșȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȖȗȍȘȍȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȈȘȚȐșȚȒȍ
Ȋ Ǫȍȕț ȗȖȌȓȐȕȕȖȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ǷȈȘȐșȐ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋȟȍ-
ȘȈ
— ȇ șȚȖȦ ȏȈ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȍ ȗțșȚȤ ȗȘȐ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȧȝ
— ǻȊȍȘȧȦ ȊȈș ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȐȓȐ ȜȖȚȖ-
ȋȘȈȜȐȧ
— Ǫȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ — ȗȐșȤȔȖ"
— ǷȖȌȓȐȕȕȖȍ ǷȘȐȟȍȔ Ȋȣ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ț șȍȉȧ
ȗȘȐ țșȓȖȊȐȐ
ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȝȘțșȚȐȚ șțșȚȈȊȈȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȊ ȘȈșȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȚ Ȋ
ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȐ ȗȓȍȟȐ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȍȚ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ǬȈȊȈȑȚȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ
ȀȍȜ ȌȍȗȈȘȚȈȔȍȕȚȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȗȈȗȒț ȖȚȓȖȎȐȊ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖ-
ȕț ȓȐșȚ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȐșȗȐșȈȕȕȖȑ ȒȈȘȈȕȌȈȠȖȔ ȊșȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȑ ȏȈȗȍȟȈȚȈȕȕȣȑ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚ Ȑ ȗȘȐȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȧ ȌȊțȔȧ ȗȈȓȤȞȈ-
ȔȐ ȏȈ țȋȖȓ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȍȚ DzȖȘȕț ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝțȋȖȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȓȖȚȕȣȑ ȓȐșȚ
ȗȖȟȚȖȊȖȑ ȉțȔȈȋȐ
— ǶȉȘȈȚȐȚȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ǷȖȌȗȐșȤ «ǼȍȘȌȐȕȈȕȌ ǷȈȘȐșȐ»...
ǷȘȍȌȗȖȟȐȚȈȦ țȗȓȈȚț ȊȈȓȦȚȖȑ
dzȐȏȏȐ ǴȐȓȖȊȐȟ — ǪȍȕȈ ǰȖȋȈȕȕ-ȀȚȘȈțș-ȚȍȈȚȘ
«ʛˑˢ ˑ˚˃˓ˑ˅˃˕ˈˎ˟ː˃ˢǨǤǤ ʮ ˒ˋ˛˖ ˕ˈ˄ˈ ˅ ˕˓ˋ ˚˃˔˃ ˇːˢǤ ʡˈ˄ˈ
˅˓˖˚ˋ˕ ˠ˕ˑ ˒ˋ˔˟ˏˑ ˏˑˌ ˇˋ˒ˎˑˏ˃˕ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋˌ ˍ˖˓˟ˈ˓ǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓ˑˏ˖ǡ
ˍ˓ˑˏˈ ˠ˕ˑˆˑ ˒ˑ˓˖˚ˈːˋˢǡ ˒˓ˋˍ˃ˊ˃ːˑ ˖ˎ˃ˇˋ˕˟ ˅˔ˈ ˕˅ˑˋ ˇˈˎ˃ ˔
ˇˋ˓ˈˍ˙ˋˈˌǡ ˍ˓ˈˇˋ˕ˑ˓˃ˏˋ ˋ ˏ˖ˉˈˏǡ ˋ ˔ˑ˒˓ˑ˅ˑˉˇ˃˕˟ ˕ˈ˄ˢ ˅

122
ˡˆˑ-˅ˑ˔˕ˑ˚ːˑˏ ˠˍ˔˒˓ˈ˔˔ˈ ˑ˕ ʑˈː˞ ˇˑ ʞ˃˓˃˒˃ˏˋˊ˃Ǥ ʜˋˍ˃ˍˋ˘
ˊ˃ˇˈ˓ˉˈˍ ˅ ˒˖˕ˋǢ ˢ ˒˓ˋːˢˎ ˏˈ˓˞ǡ ˚˕ˑ˄˞ ˆˑ˔˖ˇ˃˓˔˕˅˃ǡ ˆ˓˃ːˋ-
˚˃˜ˋˈ ˔ ʬ˓ˋ˕˓ˈˈˌǡ ːˋ ː˃ ˑˇː˖ ˔ˈˍ˖ːˇ˖ ːˈ ˊ˃ˇˈ˓ˉ˃ˎˋ ˏˑˡ
ʚˋˊˊˋǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˃ˢ ˔˒ˈ˛ˋ˕ ˍ ˔˅ˑˈˏ˖ ʣˈ˓ˇˋː˃ːˇ˖Ǥ ʠˈˆˑˇːˢ ˅ ˚ˈ-
˕˞˓ˈ ˚˃˔˃ ˇːˢ — ˆˈːˈ˓˃ˎ˟ːˑˈ ˔˓˃ˉˈːˋˈǤ ʢ ˏˈːˢ ˈ˔˕˟ ˅˔ˈ ˑ˔-
ːˑ˅˃ːˋˢ ˅ˈ˓ˋ˕˟ ˅ ˒ˑ˄ˈˇ˖ǡ ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˈ ˕ˑˆˑǡ ˢ ˒ˑ˚˕ˋ ˒ˑ˄ˈˇˋˎǡ ˒ˑ-
˕ˑˏ˖ ˚˕ˑ ˕ˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˅˚ˈ˓˃ǡ ˒ˑˇ ˘ˑ˓ˑ˛ˋˏ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˆˑˏǡ ˏːˈ ˖ˇ˃ˎˑ˔˟
ˊ˃ˇˈ˓ˉ˃˕˟ ː˃ ˆ˓˃ːˋ˙ˈ ˇˋ˒ˎˑˏ˃˕ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˑˆˑ ˍ˖˓˟ˈ˓˃ ʒ˃ˎˋˍ˃-
ːˋˋǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˌ ˅ˈˊ ˍ˓˖˒ː˖ˡ ˔˖ˏˏ˖ ˇˎˢ ˒ˑ˔ˎ˃ ˋǡ ˔ˎˈˇˑ˅˃˕ˈˎ˟-
ːˑǡ ˇˎˢ ȋˊ˃˚ˈ˓ˍː˖˕ˑ ˍ˓˃˔ː˞ˏˋ ˚ˈ˓ːˋˎ˃ˏˋȌǤǤǤ ʞ˃˚˖ˎˋǤ ʔˆˑ
˔ˑˎˇ˃˕˞ ːˈ ˒ˑˎ˖˚˃ˡ˕ ˔ˈˆˑˇːˢ ˉ˃ˎˑ˅˃ːˋˢǡ ˋ ˠ˕ˑǡ ˓˃ˊ˖ˏˈˈ˕˔ˢǡ
ˑ˕˓˃ˊˋ˕˔ˢ ː˃ ˋ˘ ˄ˑˈ˔˒ˑ˔ˑ˄ːˑ˔˕ˋǤ ʦ˕ˑ ˉˈ ˍ˃˔˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˏˑˋ˘ ˏˑ-
ˎˑˇ˙ˑ˅ǡ ˕ˑ ˑːˋ ˒ˑˎ˖˚˃˕ ˒ˈ˓ˈˇ ˔˓˃ˉˈːˋˈˏ ˅˔ˈ ˇˑ ˍˑ˒ˈˈ˚ˍˋǡ
˚˕ˑ ˋˏ ˒˓ˋ˚ˋ˕˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˊ˃ ˇ˅ˈ ːˈˇˈˎˋǤ ʓˈː˟ˆˋ ˒ˑ˚˕ˋ ˖ ˏˈːˢ ˅
ˍ˃˓ˏ˃ːˈǤ
ʓˑ˅ˑˎ˟ːˑ ˑ ˒ˑˎˋ˕ˋˍˈǤ ʙˑˆˇ˃ ˢ ˔ˏˑ˕˓ˡ ː˃ ˔ˈ˄ˢ ˅ ˊˈ˓ˍ˃ˎˑ
ˋ ˅ˋˉ˖ ˕˅ˑˈˆˑǡ ˅˔ˈ ˈ˜ˈ ˍ˓ˈ˒ˍˑˆˑ ˋ ˅ˈ˔ˈˎˑˆˑǡ ʞ˃˓ˋ˔ˋǡ ˢ ˊ˃˄˞-
˅˃ˡ ˏˑˋ ˔ˑ˓ˑˍ ˔ˈˏ˟ ˎˈ˕ ˋ ˕˞˔ˢ˚ˋ ˒˓ˋˍˎˡ˚ˈːˋˌ ˋ ˕˞˔ˢ˚ˋ
ˑ˒˃˔ːˑ˔˕ˈˌǡ ˋ ˅ˈ˓ˡǡ ˚˕ˑ ˢ ˖ ˒˓ˋ˔˕˃ːˋǤ ʡˈ˒ˈ˓˟ ˢ ːˈ ʣˈ˓ˇˋː˃ːˇ
ʞ˃˓ˋ˔ˋǡ ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈˍ ˔ ːˈ˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅˖ˡ˜ˈˌ ˗˃ˏˋˎˋˈˌǡ ˒ˑˎˍˑ˅ːˋˍ ːˈ-
˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅˖ˡ˜ˋ˘ ˃˓ˏˋˌǡ ˔ˈˍ˓ˈ˕˃˓˟ ːˈ˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅˖ˡ˜ˋ˘ ˒ˑ˔ˑˎ˟˔˕˅ǡ
ˇˋ˓ˈˍ˕ˑ˓ ːˈ˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅˖ˡ˜ˋ˘ ˄˃ːˍˑ˅ǡ ˃ ˗ˈˎ˟ˇˏ˃˓˛˃ˎ ʣˈ˓ˇˋ-
ː˃ːˇ ʞ˃˓ˋ˔ˋǡ ˇˋˍ˕˃˕ˑ˓ ʬ˓ˋ˕˓ˈˋǡ ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈˍǡ ˑ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓ˑˏ ˔ˎ˞˛˃-
ˎ˃ ʔ˅˓ˑ˒˃ ˋ ˏˋ˓Ǥ ʞ˓˃˅ˑǡ ˇˎˢ ˠ˕ˑˆˑ ˔˕ˑˋˎˑ ˒ˑ˘ˑ˓ˑːˋ˕˟ ˔ˈ˄ˢ
ː˃ ˑˇˋː ˆˑˇ ˅ ʬ˓ˋ˕˓ˈˈǡ ˔ː˃˚˃ˎ˃ ˅ ˇˑˎˉːˑ˔˕ˋ ˏˎ˃ˇ˛ˈˆˑ ˔ˈˍ-
˓ˈ˕˃˓ˢ ˏˋːˋ˔˕ˈ˓˔˕˅˃ ˋːˑ˔˕˓˃ːː˞˘ ˇˈˎǡ ˊ˃˕ˈˏ ˅ ˇˑˎˉːˑ˔˕ˋ
ː˃˚˃ˎ˟ːˋˍ˃ ˓˃ˊ˅ˈˇ˞˅˃˕ˈˎ˟ːˑˆˑ ˇˈ˒˃˓˕˃ˏˈː˕˃ǡ ˊ˃˕ˈˏ ˆˈːˈ˓˃ˎ-
ˋː˔˒ˈˍ˕ˑ˓˃ ˠ˓ˋ˕˓ˈˌ˔ˍˑˌ ˍ˃˅˃ˎˈ˓ˑ˅ǡ ˔ˑ˔˕ˑˢ˅˛ˈˌ ˋˊ ˇ˅˖˘˔ˑ˕
˓˃ˊ˅ˢˊː˞˘ ˎˋ˚ːˑ˔˕ˈˌǤǤǤ ʓˋ˕ˢ ˏˑˈǤǤǤ ʞ˓ˋˈˊˉ˃ˌ ˋ ˒ˑ˔ˏˑ˕˓ˋ ː˃
ˏˈːˢ ˊˇˈ˔˟ǡ ˒˓ˈˉˇˈ ˚ˈˏ ˏ˞ǡ ˖ˍ˓ˈ˒ˋ˅ ː˃˛˖ ˅ˎ˃˔˕˟ǡ ˖ˈˇˈˏ ˋˊ
ˠ˕ˑˌ ˇ˞˓˞ ˅ ˄ˑˎˈˈ ˄ˎ˃ˆˑ˒˓ˋ˔˕ˑˌː˞ˈ ˏˈ˔˕˃Ǥ
ʮ ˅˞˄ˋ˓˃ˡ ʝ˔˕ˈːˇˈǡ ˃ ˕˞ǫǤǤǤ ʟ˃ˊ˖ˏˈˈ˕˔ˢǡ ˋːˍˑˆːˋ˕ˑǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ-
˓ˑˈ ˄˖ˇˈ˕ ˕˃ˍ ˒˓ˈˇ˖˒˓ˈˇˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ ˓˃˔ˍ˓˞˕ˑ ˔˕˃˓˃˕ˈˎ˟ː˞ˏˋ ˆ˃-
ˊˈ˕˚ˋˍ˃ˏˋǤ ʙ˃ˉˇ˖ˡ ˏˋː˖˕˖ ˅˔˒ˑˏˋː˃ˡ ˕ˈ˄ˢ ˅ «ʖˑˎˑ˕ˑˌ ˍ˖-
ˍˑˎˍˈ» ˅ ˅˃ˎ˟˔ˈǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˌ ˕˞ ˕˃ː˙˖ˈ˛˟ ˔ ˠ˕ˋˏ ˊ˃˅ˋ˕˞ˏ ˄˃-
˓˃ːˑˏ ʙ˃˓ˎˑˏ ʣˑˆˈˎˈˏǡ ˍ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓ˑˏ˖ ˢ ˕ˈ˄ˢ ˔ˎˈˆˍ˃ ˓ˈ˅ː˖ˡǤǤǤ
ʔ˔ˎˋ ˄˞ ˑː ˄˞ˎ ˊˇˈ˔˟ǡ ˢ ˄˞ ˑˍ˃ˊ˃ˎ ˈˏ˖ ˚ˈ˔˕˟ǡ ˢ ˄˞ ˒ˑ˔˃ˇˋˎ

123
ˈˆˑ ˅ ˕˖ ˍ˃ˏˈ˓˖ ˍ˓ˈ˒ˑ˔˕ːˑˌ ˙ˋ˕˃ˇˈˎˋǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˃ˢ ˑ˚ˈː˟ ˔ˍˑ˓ˑ
ˑ˔˅ˑ˄ˑˇˋ˕˔ˢ ˒ˑ˔ˎˈ ˕ˑˆˑǡ ˍ˃ˍ ˅ ːˈˌ ˒˓ˑ˅ˈˇˈ˕ ːˈˍˑ˕ˑ˓ˑˈ ˅˓ˈˏˢ
ˠ˕ˑ˕… ȋ˕˜˃˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ ˊ˃˚ˈ˓ˍː˖˕ˑ ˚ˈ˓ːˋˎ˃ˏˋȌ ʞ˃˚˖ˎˋǤ ʚˡ˄ˎˡǡ
ˉˇ˖ǡ ˒ˑˏːˡ ˋ ˙ˈˎ˖ˡǡ ˙ˈˎ˖ˡ ˕ˈ˄ˢǤǤǤ
ʡ˅ˑˌ ʣˈ˓ˇˋː˃ːˇ ʞ˃˓ˋ˔ˋǽǤ
DzȖȘȕ Ȋ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȍ ȅȚȖ ȍȋȖ șȚȐȓȤ ǹȚȐȓȤ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș ǵȖ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ șȒȖȘȖ ȏȈȉȣȓ ȍȍ ǰ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȥȚȖ ȚȖȓș-
ȚȖȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘ Ȑ ȠȍȜ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȐ ȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȕȍ ȗȖȏ-
ȊȖȓȧȍȚ DzȖȘȕț țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ǷȈȘȐșȐ?
Ǫ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȐ Ȗȕ șȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȍȚ ȓȐșȚ ȗȖȟȚȖȊȖȑ ȉțȔȈȋȐ Ȑ
ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ șȗȘȧȚȈȚȤ Ȋ ȉțȔȈȎȕȐȒ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȖȉȖȘȖȚȍ
ȠȚȈȔȗ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȘȖȒ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȣȝ ȟțȎȐȔ ȗȖȟȍȘȒȖȔ, Ȑ
ȗȖȌȗȐșȤ:
«ʠ˒˓˃˅ˍ˃Ǥ ʓˈ˒˃˓˕˃ˏˈː˕ ː˃˓ˑˇːˑˆˑ ˄ˎ˃ˆˑˇˈː˔˕˅ˋˢ ˓ˈ˔˒˖˄-
ˎˋˍ˃ ʬ˓ˋ˕˓ˈˢǤ ʠˈˆˑ ˚ˋ˔ˎ˃ ˃˓ˈ˔˕˃ː˕ ʣˈ˓ˇˋː˃ːˇ ʞ˃˓ˋ˔ˋǡ ˔ˑ-
ˇˈ˓ˉ˃˅˛ˋˌ˔ˢ ˅ ˍ˃ˏˈ˓ˈ ͒ ͳͺ ˍ˓ˈ˒ˑ˔˕ːˑˌ ˙ˋ˕˃ˇˈˎˋ ˅ ʞ˃˓˃-
˒˃ˏˋˊˈǡ ˖˄ˋ˕ ˒˓ˋ ˒ˑ˒˞˕ˍˈ ˍ ˒ˑ˄ˈˆ˖Ǥ ʧˈ˗ ˇˈ˒˃˓˕˃ˏˈː˕˃Ǥ ʞˑˇ-
˒ˋ˔˟Ǥ ͳͶ ˏ˃ˢ ˔Ǥ ˆǤ»
Ǫ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖșȚȐ ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ șȐȌȐȚ ȕȈȌ
ȗȐșȤȔȖȔ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔ ȗȐșȤȔȖȔ ȌȐȒȚȈȚȖȘȈ ǷȈȘȐșȐ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȍȚ
Ȗ ȕȍȐșȗȖȊȍȌȐȔȣȝ ȗțȚȧȝ șȓțȟȈȧ ȗȘȐȊȍȌȠȍȋȖ DzȈȏȐȔȐȘȈ
ǹȚȘȎȐȋȖȞȒȖȋȖ — ǶȓȈȜȈ ǫȈȕȏȍȕȈ — ǸȖȔțȈȓȤȌȈ ǷȐȘșȈ —ǸȖ-
ȉȍȘȋȈ ǨȑȘȚȖȕȈ — ǸȖȒȖȚȖȊȈ — ȋȘȈȜȈ ȜȖȕ ǾȖȓȓȍȘȕȈ — ǫȍȕȘȐ-
ȝȈ ȜȖȕ ǪȈȓȧ — ǬȎȍȘȖȔ-ǬȎȍȔșȈ-ǩȘȈȑșȈ — ȔȈȘȒȐȏȈ ǷȤȍȚȘȖ
ȌȈ DzȖșȚȈ Ȋ șȚȖȓȐȞț ȅȘȐȚȘȍȐ — ǷȈȘȈȗȈȔȐȏ Ƕȕ ȌțȔȈȍȚ Ȗ ȕȍ-
ȐșȗȖȊȍȌȐȔȣȝ ȗțȚȧȝ șȓțȟȈȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȉȘȍȒ ȕȈ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒȈ ș ȌȍȊȧȚȤȦ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȧȔȐ ȚȘțȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖȝȖȘȖ-
ȕȍȕ ȗȖȌ ȉȍȏȣȔȧȕȕȖȑ ȗȓȐȚȖȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȐȔȧ ǼȍȘȌȐȕȈȕȌȈ
ǷȈȘȐșȐ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȏȊțȟȐȚ Ȍȓȧ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȍȔȕȐȒȖȊ ǰ
ȔȖȓȖȌȖȔț țȟȍȕȖȔț ǫțșȚȈȊț DzȖȘȕț șțȎȌȍȕȖ ȕȈȒȈȕțȕȍ ȘȈȏ-

124
ȋȈȌȒȐ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȚȈȑȕȣ ȖȗȖȏȌȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȖȊ ș ȊȐȏȐȚȖȔ Ȓ ȠȍȜț ȌȍȗȈȘȚȈȔȍȕȚȈ ȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ
ȉȓȈȋȖȌȍȕșȚȊȐȧ Ȑ șțȎȌȍȕȖ ȕȍ ȖȉȔȍȕȧȚȤșȧ ȌȊțȔȧ Ȋșȍ ȘȍȠȈȦ-
ȡȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ș ǼȍȘȌȐȕȈȕȌȖȔ ǷȈȘȐșȐ ǹȓțȟȈȑ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȈȑȕȖȑ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș ȍȋȐȗȍȚșȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȕȞȍșșȖȑ ȌȐ-
ȕȈșȚȐȐ ǹȍȚȝȖȊ Ȑ ȍȋȐȗȚȖȓȖȋȖȔ ǫțșȚȈȊȖȔ DzȖȘȕȖȔ ȊșȚȈȊȈȓȐ
ȗȘȍȋȘȈȌȈ ȏȈ ȗȘȍȋȘȈȌȖȑ ȕȖ ȠȈȋ ȏȈ ȠȈȋȖȔ, ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȖ ȓȈȉȐ-
ȘȐȕȚț ȚȈȑȕ Ȑ ȥȚȖȚ ȓȐșȚȖȒ ȈȌȘȍșȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ dzȐȏȏȐ ǴȐȓȖȊȐȟ
ȗȘȐȔȈȌȖȕȕȍ ǰȖȋȈȕȕ-ȀȚȘȈțș-ȚȍȈȚȘȈ — ȟȈșȚȤ ȈȘȐȈȌȕȐȕȖȑ
ȕȐȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ șȓțȟȈȑ ȊȓȖȎȐȓ Ȋ ȘțȒț ǫțșȚȈȊȈ DzȖȘȕȈ
ǩȍȘȓȐȕ — ǹȍȊȍȘȖ-ȥȒșȗȖȘȚȕȣȑ ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȐȑ ȉȈȕȒ — Șț-
ȒȖȗȐșȤ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ș ȌȍȊȧȚȤȦ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȧȔȐ — ȅȘȐȚȘȍȧ —
ȥȗȖȗȍȧ ǼȍȘȌȐȕȈȕȌȈ ǷȈȘȐșȐ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȗȐșȤȔȖ dzȐȏȏȐ ǴȐȓȖȊȐȟ
DzȖȕȍȞ ȕȐȚȐ — ǴȖșȒȊȈ
Ǫ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ Ȋșȍ ȐȏȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȍ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȊȓȈȌȍȦȚ
ȔȣșȓȧȔȐ DzȖȘȕȈ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ șȚțȟȈȚșȧ Ȋ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȣȑ
ȘȈȏ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖ Ȑ țȗȖȘȕȖ. ǵȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ Ȗȕ șȓȣȠȐȚ șȚțȒ
— ǪȖȑȌȐȚȍ
ǸȈȌȐȖȋȘȈȔȔȈ
«ʒ˖˔˕˃˅˖ ʙˑ˓ː˖ — ʬ˓ˋ˕˓ˈˢ — ʞ˃˓˃˒˃ˏˋˊ — «ʬˍˊˈˎ˟-
˔ˋˑ˓-ˑ˕ˈˎ˟»Ǥ ʑ˔ˈ ˢ˔ːˑ ˇ˅˃ˇ˙˃˕˟ ˚ˈ˕˅ˈ˓˕ˑˆˑ ː˃˛ ˇˑˍˎ˃ˇ ʛˑ˔-
ˍ˅ˈ ʚˑ˕ˑ˔ˈ ˋ ˕˓ˈ˖ˆˑˎ˟ːˋˍˈ ˉˇ˖ ʞˋ˓˃ˏˋˇˑ˅»Ǥ
ǬȘȖȎȈȡȐȍ ȘțȒȐ ȊȚȐșȒȐȊȈȦȚ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ǼȍȘȌȐȕȈȕȌȈ ǷȈȘȐ-
șȐ Ȋ ȔȈȕțșȒȘȐȗȚ DzȈȏȐȔȐȘȈ ǹȚȘȎȐȋȖȞȒȖȋȖ dzȍȚȧȚ Ȋ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȐȑ ȌȖȘȖȎȕȣȑ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕ ȖȌȍȒȖȓȖȕ ȋȘȍȉȕȐ ȡȍȚȒȐ ȊȍșȤ ȕȍ-
șȓȖȎȕȣȑ ȉȈȋȈȎ ǨȊȚȖȉțș ȕȈȕȧȚȣȑ ȠȍșȚȤȦ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȧ-
ȔȐ ȖȘțȎȍȑȕȣȝ ȏȈȊȖȌȖȊ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȊȊȐȌț ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȧ Ȍȍȓ ȗȖ-
ȒȐȌȈȦȡȐȔȐ ǷȈȘȈȗȈȔȐȏ țȗȓȖȚȕȧȍȚșȧ șȍȌȤȔȣȔ ȗȈșșȈȎȐ-
ȘȖȔ ǫțșȚȈȊȖȔ DzȖȘȕȖȔ
ǷȖ ȘȈȏȔȣȚȖȑ ȋȓȐȕȐșȚȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ, ȕȖȟȤȦ ȔȐȔȖ ȒȈȊȈȓȍ-
ȘȐȑșȒȐȝ ȘȈȏȢȍȏȌȖȊ — Ȓ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȍ ǪȍșȤ ȗțȚȤ — ȕȈȒȓȖȕȕȣȍ
ȗȓȖșȒȖșȚȐ ȒȖșȖȋȖȘȖȊ șȗțșȒȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖȌȢȍȔȖȊ ȗȖȌ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍ-
șȒȐȔ ȒȖȕțșȖȔ ȗȘȖȎȍȒȚȖȘȈ ǯȈȑȞȣ Ȋ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȍȑ ȗȈȕȐȒȍ
țȉȍȋȈȦȚ ȗȖ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȖȓȍȍ ȖȚ ȘȍȊțȡȍȋȖ ȋȓțȠȐȚȍȓȧ
ǿȍȚȣȘȍ ȟȈșȈ ȚȘȧșȒȐ ȉȘȖșȒȖȊ ȊȊȍȘȝ Ȑ ȊȕȐȏ — Ȑ ȕȐȒȍȔ ȕȍ

ȖȝȘȈȕȧȍȔȈȧ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȈ ǬȊȈ Ȍȕȧ ȗțȚȐ DzȈȓȍȑȌȖșȒȖȗȐȟȍșȒȐ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧȦȡȐȍșȧ țȕȐȜȖȘȔȣ ȚȈȔȖȎȍȕȕȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȖȑ ȖȝȘȈȕȣ
ȕȖȊȖȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȝ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊ ǷȈșȗȖȘȚ Ȑ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȊȐ-
ȏȣ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȍ ȏȈȡțȗȈȕȕȣȍ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȈȕȕȣȍ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȈȋȍȕȚȖȊ șȍȒ-
ȘȍȚȕȣȝ ȚȈȑȕȣȝ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȌȍȗȈȘȚȈȔȍȕȚȖȊ ȕȈȘȖȌ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȍȕșȚȊȐȧ ǩȍȘȓȐȕ ǬȊȈ ȟȈșȈ — șȖȕ Ȋ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȕȈ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ǷȐșȤȔȖ ǹȍȊȍȘȖȥȒșȗȖȘȚ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȉȈȕȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȖȟȍșȚȤ ǷȖȍȏȌ
— DzȍȕȐȋșȉȍȘȋ DzȍȕȐȋșȉȍȘȋ-ǴȖșȒȊȈ ȕȈ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘșȒȖȔ «ȆȕȒȍȘ-
șȍ» ǴȖȘșȒȈȧ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȤ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ Ǫ șȓȈȉȍȦȡȐȝ ȘțȒȈȝ ȌȖȘȖȎ-
ȕȣȑ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕ Ȋ ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕȍ — ȔȈȕțșȒȘȐȗȚ Ȑ ȗȐșȤȔȖ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȖȍ ǫȖșȚȐȕȐȞȈ «DzȘȈșȕȣȑ ȔȈȑ».
ǰ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ ȋȖȓȖș ǩȖȘȐșȈ ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊȈ Ȋ ȚȘțȉ-
Ȓȍ ȚȍȓȍȜȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈ
— ǷȖȏȌȘȈȊȓȧȦ Ǫșȍ ȧșȕȖ. ǭȌț Ȓ ȊȈȔ

ȅȎȟȠȪ ȥȓȠȐȓȞȠȎȭ

127
ȀdzǼǾǶȍ ǯǼǾǶǿǮ ǽǶǾǮǺǶDzǼǰǮ
— Ǫȣ ȕȈȠȓȐ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș"
— ǵȍȚ
ǹȒȘȍȎȍȚ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȚȖȋȖ șȚțȓȈ ǫȘȖȝȖȚ ȒȈȉȓțȒȖȊ. ǫțȓȒȐȑ
țȌȈȘ ȓȖȒȚȍȔ Ȋ ȚȖȕȒțȦ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕțȦ șȚȍȗț Ȑ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȍ ȚȧȎȍ-
ȓȣȝ Țȍȓ ǯȈȚȍȔ șȊȐșȚȧȡȍȍ șȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȊȖȏȋȓȈ-
șȣ
— ǫȖȘȓȖ ȖȚȗțșȚȐȚȍ ȋȖȘȓȖ ȒȒȒȒȘȍȚȐȕ
DzȖȘȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȑȟȈș ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚ ȎȋțȟțȦ șȊȖȌȧȡțȦ ȔțșȒțȓ
ȉȖȓȤ ȖȚ țȌȈȘȈ ȓȖȒȚȍȔ Ȋ șȚȍȕț Ƕȕ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȍȚ ȝȘȐȗȧȡȍȋȖ
ȏȈȌȣȝȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊȈ Ȑ ȊșȚȈȍȚ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȗȖȌȌȈȊȈȧșȤ
ȘȈșȒȈȧȕȐȦ Ȑ șȔțȡȍȕȐȦ
ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊ ȒȈȠȓȧȍȚ ȗȓȦȍȚ Ȋ țȔȣȊȈȓȤȕȐȒ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȓȧȍȚ
ȋȈȓșȚțȒ Ȑ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȒ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖȌȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȧ ȗȓȍ-
ȟȐ ȝȓȖȗȈȍȚ șȍȉȧ ȗȖ ȉȍȌȘȈȔ
— Ƕ ȐȌȐȖȚ Ƕ ȒȘȍȚȐȕ ǫȌȍ ȝȊȈȓȍȕȈȧ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȒȈ Ȑ
ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȐȍ" ǻȟȍȕȣȑ ȍȋȐȗȚȖȓȖȋ ȋȍȘȘ ȀȚȖȓȤȞ ǿȍȘȚ ȊȈș
ȊȖȏȤȔȐ ǹȚȣȌȐȚȍșȤ
DzȖȘȕ ȊȖȏȘȈȎȈȍȚ ȟțȚȤ ȌȘȖȋȕțȊȠȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— ǷȘȐȕȖȠț ȐȏȊȐȕȍȕȐȧ ȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ
— ǵȍ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȊȈȑȚȍ Ȋȣ ǹȈȌȐȚȍșȤ
ǰ ȗȖȒȈ DzȖȘȕ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖ ȊȈȓȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȖ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș țȔȣ-
ȊȈȓȤȕȐȒȖȔ ǩȖȘȐș ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊ ȘȈșȚȐȘȈȧ ȌȊțȔȧ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ
ȋȖȘȓȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ș țȒȖȘȐȏȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȎȈȓȖșȚȤȦ
— ǹȓȍȗȖȑ ȒȘȍȚȐȕ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ ȚțȗȐȞȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȘȈȏȋȈȌ-
Ȓț ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȍșȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍȓȒȐȑ ȜȈȒȚ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕȈȧ șȓțȟȈȑ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȏȊȍȕȖ Ȋ ȞȍȗȐ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖșȚȍȑ ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ
ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ Ȕȣ ȐȏȓȖȊȐȔ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠțȦ ȌȍȊȟȖȕȒț ȔȍȕȧȦȡțȦ
ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȒȖȊ ȉȍȋȈȦȡțȦ ș ȔȍȌȕȣȔ ȖȉȘțȟȍȔ ȕȈ ȓȉț ȗȖ ǹȖ-
ȜȐșȒȖȑ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȎȕȖȑ, ȕȍțȎȍȓȐ Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚ ȕȈș Ȓ ȘȈȏȋȈȌȒȍ". ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ Ȋȣ
ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȗȖȊȍȘȧȚ ȕȈ
șȓȖȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȈ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȉȘȦȕȍȚȒȈ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȗȧȚȤ Țȣșȧȟ ȓȍȚ
ȖȚ ȘȖȌț Ȑ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ȗȖ ȗȘȧȔȖȑ ȓȐȕȐȐ ȖȚ ȌȐȕȈșȚȐȐ ǹȍȚ-
ȝȖȊ"

128
Ƕȕ ȗȘȖșȚȐȘȈȍȚ ȘțȒȐ Ȓ ȗȖȚȖȓȒț Ȑ ȗȖȚȘȧșȈȍȚ ȐȔȐ ȕȈȌ ȗȖ-
ȕȐȒȠȍȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ DzȖȘȕȈ
— ǵȍȚ șțȌȈȘȤ ȔȖȑ țȟȍȕȣȑ ȍȋȐȗȚȖȓȖȋ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȈȘȝȍȖ-
ȓȖȋȐȐ ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȇ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ ȥȕȚțȏȐȈșȚ ȐȕȚțȐȚ-ȗȘȖȊȐȌȍȞ
Ȑ ȗȖȥȚ ȔȖȋ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȐșȚȐȕȕȣȑ ȗțȚȤ Ȓ ȚȈȑȕȍ! ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ǩȖȘȐș
ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊ șȖȗȖșȚȈȊȐȊ ȘȧȌ ȕȍȓȍȗȣȝ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖșȚȍȑ ȔȖȋ
ȗȖȟȚȐ ȋȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȈȕȈȓȐȏȖȔ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȝ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȑ ȗȘȐȑȚȐ
Ȓ ȐșȝȖȌȕȖȑ ȚȖȟȒȍ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȚȖȟȒț ȕȈȌ ȚȈȑȕȖȑ șȍȑȜȈ -
14. ǶȉȘȈȚȐȔșȧ Ȓ ȜȈȒȚȈȔ DzȈȏȐȔȐȘ ǹȚȘȎȐȋȖȞȒȐȑ ȐȓȐ ǼȍȘ-
ȌȐȕȈȕȌ ǷȈȘȐșȐ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȑȚȍ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ «ǷȍȘ-
ȊȖȍ ȏȊȍȕȖ — ǴȖșȒȊȈ ȒȖȗȚșȒȐȑ ȧȏȣȒ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȑ ȊȘȈȟ Ȑ
ȕȍȏȈȉȣȊȈȍȔȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ — ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȑ
ȒȘțȎȖȒ ȉȘȈșȓȍȚ ǨȔȐȕȚȣ»
ǰ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ
«ǪȕțȚȘȐ ȒȘțȎȒȈ ȕȈ șȋȐȉȍ șȓȖȊȖ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȖȍ ȘțșșȒȐȔȐ
ȉțȒȊȈȔȐ Ȑ ȞȐȜȘȣ “DzȈșȐȔȖȊ ”». DzȈȒ Ȋȣ ȚȖȓȒȖȊȈȓȐ șȓȖ-
ȊȖ «DzȈșȐȔȖȊ»" Ǫȣ — ȍȋȐȗȚȖȓȖȋ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȈȘȝȍȖȓȖȋȐȐ
— DzȈșȐȔȖȊ — ȋȖȘȖȌ ǸȧȏȈȕșȒȖȑ ȋțȉȍȘȕȐȐ
ǹȌȍȘȎȈȕȕȣȑ ȧȏȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ șȔȍȠȖȒ
— DzȈșȐȔȖȊ — ȗȖșȖȓ ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȞȈȘȧ Ȋ ǰȕȌȐȦ 675
ȋȖȌ
— Ǫȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ" ǵȍȚ DzȈșȐȔȖȊ — ȕȍ ȋȖȘȖȌ DzȈșȐȔȖȊ ȕȍ
ȐȔȧ ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖșȓȈ DzȈșȐȔȖȊ — ȥȚȖ Dz Ǩ ǹȐȔȖȊ ǹȐȔȖȊ ȌȖȒ-
ȚȖȘ ȔȍȌȐȞȐȕȣ — ȗșȐȝȐȈȚȘ — ǴȖșȒȊȈ șȔȖȚȘȐ «ǪȘȈȟȍȉȕȣȑ
ȒȈȓȍȕȌȈȘȤ» ȏȈ  ȋȖȌ
 ǷȖȒȈ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȚȖȟȒȈ ȇ ȕȍ ȘȈșȗȖ-
ȓȈȋȈȦ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ ȌȖȒȓȈȌ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ șȌȍȓȈȦ ȕȈ ȥȒșȚȘȍȕȕȖȔ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȐ șȖȌȘțȎȍșȚȊȈ «dzȖ-
ȚȖș Ȑ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȤȕȐȒ» ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ țșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤ ȊȈș șȒȈȎț
ȒȘȈȚȒȖ — ȚȈȑȕȈ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȖȘȚȜȍȓȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȋȣ
ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȣȘȖȕȐȚȤ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȒȍ
șțȔȈșȠȍșȚȊȐȧ șȎȐȔȈȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȋȖȘȓȖ Dz Ȍȍȓț
DzȖȘȕ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȋȖȓȖȊț
— Ǫȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ ǹȐȔȖȊ" DzȈșȐȔȖȊ Dz Ǩ ǹȐȔȖȊ… DzȚȖ
ȔȖȋ ȌțȔȈȚȤ"
— Dz Ȍȍȓț ǸȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȏȈȚȘȈȚȐȊ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȌȖ-
ȓȦ ȔȖȐȝ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȍȑ ȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȕȍ ȉȍșȒȖȘȣșȚȕȖ ǹȓȈ-
ȊȈ Ȑ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȕȣ ȐȔȍȍȔ ȘȈȊȕȣȍ ȗȘȈȊȈ ȌȈȦȚșȧ

129
ȕȍȓȍȋȒȖ Ǫ ȚȈȒȐȝ șȓțȟȈȧȝ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔ ȚȘȈȔȗȓȐȕ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȒȈ
ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȖȉȘȈȉȖȚȒȈ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȧ ǹȖȋȓȈșȐȚȍșȤ
ș ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȠ ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȌȖȒȓȈȌ ȊȣșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ Ȋ țȟȍ-
ȕȣȝ ȒȘțȋȈȝ ȉȍȏ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȍȑ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȒȐ —ȕȍȔȣșȓȐ-
Ȕȣ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȧ ș șȈȔȖȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȔȖȐȔ ȌȘțȏȤȧȔ
Ȑȏ «dzȖȚȖșȈ Ȑ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȤȕȐȒȈ» ǶȌȕȐ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȔȈ-
șȖȕșȒȈȧ ȓȖȎȈ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȔȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ șȖȌȘțȎȍșȚȊȖ ȐȓȐ
șȖȦȏ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȣȝ ȊȍȋȍȚȈȘȐȈȕȞȍȊ ǪȈȔ ȧ șȒȈȎț ȗȖ ȊȖȏ-
ȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȧșȕȖ ȅȚȖ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ ȍȡȍ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȐȕȌȐȊȐ-
ȌțțȔȖȊ țȌȘțȟȍȕȕȣȝ șȖȉȣȚȐȧȔȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ ȓȍȚ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ
ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȣ Ȋ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖșȚȤ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȖȡțȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ
Ȍȓȧ ȕȐȝ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȅȚȖ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ șȗȐȘȐȚȣ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȔȐșȚȐȒȐ
ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȖșȖȜȣ ǶȕȐ șȖȉȐȘȈȦȚșȧ ȗȖ ȗȧȚȕȐȞȈȔ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ
ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȖȉȠȐȘȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȏȈ ȎȐȌȒȐȔ ȟȈȍȔ ș ȓȐȔȖȕȖȔ
ǫȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȖ ȐȋȕȖȘȐȘțȍȚ Ȑȝ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȖȗȈșȕȣ ȖȕȐ
ȌȖȉȘȖșȖȊȍșȚȕȖ ȗȓȈȚȧȚ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐȟȐȚȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȕȈȓȖȋȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȣ-
ȚȈȦȚșȧ ȜȘȖȕȌȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȐșȗȣȚȈȊ ȕȈ șȍȉȍ ȕȍțȌȖȉșȚȊȖ șȚȘȖȋȖ
ȐȏȖȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȘȈȏȈ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȇ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȥȚȐ ȘȖȔȈȕȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȖȉȖȎȈȦȚ ȓȍȋ-
ȒȐȑ ȗȖȒȘȖȊ ȚȈȑȕȣ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȚȌȈȍȚ șȊȍȘȝȢȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ-
șȚȤȦ ǽȖȚȧ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȍ ȕȈȔȐ ȐȔȍȍȚ șȚȘȖȋȖ ȕȈțȟȕțȦ
ȉȈȏț Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȖȕȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ Ȍȓȧ ȕȐȝ ȐȕȚȍȘȍș ș ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȖȗȣȚȈ șȕȖȠȍȕȐȑ ș ȗȖȚțșȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȔ ȔȐȘȖȔ ǹȓȖ-
ȊȖȔ ȖȕȐ ȕțȎȕȣ ȕȈȔ ȒȈȒ ȗȍȘȊȈȧ ȔȖȘȈȓȤȕȈȧ Ȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤ-
ȕȈȧ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȒȈ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ Ȕȣ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȔșȧ Ȋ «dzȖȚȖș Ȑ
ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȤȕȐȒ» ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȊȈș ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȋșȍ
șȖȟȓȍȕȣ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȖȌȘțȎȍșȚȊȈ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȚ Ȓ țȊȈȎȈȍȔȖȔț ș
ȕȈȠȍȑ ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȒȘțȋț ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ǺȈȔ ȐȔȍȦȚșȧ ȚȘȐ ȉȣȊ-
ȠȐȝ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘȈ ȉȖȋȖșȓȖȊȐȧ ȌȊȍ ȌțȝȖȊȕȣȝ ȖșȖȉȣ ȊȖȏȋȓȈȊ-
ȓȧȦȡȐȝ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȊȍȧȕȐȧ Ȋ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ ȉȣȊȠȐȑ șȍȕȈȚȖȘ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȗȘȐșȧȎȕȣȝ ȗȖȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȝ ȘȈșȒȈȧȊȠȐȑșȧ ȥșȍȘ Ȑȏ ȔȕȖȋȖ-
ȌțȔȕȣȝ șȍȔȐȕȈȘȐșȚȖȊ ȘȈȊȊȐȕ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȈȔ Ȑȏ ȉȣȊȠȐȝ
ȗȖȔȍȡȐȞ Ȑ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ȔȈȚȍȔȈȚȐȒȐ ȖȚȘȍȒȠȐȑșȧ ȖȚ ȚȖȟȕȣȝ
ȕȈțȒ Ǫșȍ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȟȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȓȐ Ȋȣ"
ǹȓȈȉȣȑ ȎȍșȚ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȟȍȔȖȌȈȕȈ
— ȇ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȗȘȍȌșȔȍȘȚȕȖȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ǹȚȘȎȐȋȖȞ-
ȒȖȋȖ-ǷȈȘȐșȐ

ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȚȖȟȕȣȔȐ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȉȍȘȍȚ
ȔȈȕțșȒȘȐȗȚ Ȑ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ǷȐșȤȔȖ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍȟȐȚȣȊȈȍȚ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ ș
țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍȔ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȔȈ-
ȕțșȒȘȐȗȚȖȔ ǹȚȘȎȐȋȖȞȒȖȋȖ Ȋ șȊȖȑ ȗȖȘȚȜȍȓȤ Ȗȕ ȉȘȖșȈȍȚ
ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȕȈ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȤ ǹȚȘȎȐȋȖȞȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȊșȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȍȚ ȒȈȒ țȒȖ-
ȓȖȚȣȑ ȐȋȓȖȑ
— ǬȕȍȊȕȐȒ ǷȈȘȐșȐ Ȑ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ǹȚȘȎȐȋȖȞȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȣ
ȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȟȍȘȒȈȔȐ!

131
ǹǼȀǼǿ Ƕ ȀǾdzȁDZǼǹȊǻǶǸ
— ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ ǰ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ
ǵț, ȗțșȚȤ DzȈȏȐȔȐȘ ǹȚȘȎȐȋȖȞȒȐȑ Ȑ ǼȍȘȌȐȕȈȕȌ ǷȈȘȐșȐ ȕȍ
ȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȓȐȞȖ ǸȈȏȊȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȏȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȔȖȦ ȚȍȖȘȐȦ" ǴȖȧ
ȚȍȖȘȐȧ ȒȈȒ șȖșȚȈȊȕȖȑ ȘȐșțȕȖȒ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȏȈȐȒȈ ǶȌȐȕ ȔȍȓȒȐȑ
ȒȈȔȍȠȍȒ — «șȔȍȘȚȤ DzȈȏȐȔȐȘȈ ǹȚȘȎȐȋȖȞȒȖȋȖ» ȊȣȗȈȓ ȕȖ ȘȐ-
șțȕȖȒ Ȟȍȓ ǻȏȖȘ ȧșȍȕ
ȅȚț ȜȘȈȏț ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ǩȖȘȐș ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊ Ȋ ȗȘȖȔȍȎțȚȒȍ
ȔȍȎȌț ȗȍȘȊȣȔ Ȑ ȊȚȖȘȣȔ ȥȚȈȎȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȍ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȣ
ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȖȋȖ ȜȓȐȋȍȓȧ
— ǷȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ șȖȌȘțȎȍșȚȊȈ — ǨȌȘȐȈȕ ǽȘȧȡ — ȗȐșȈ-
ȚȍȓȤ ȐȋȘȈȊȠȐȑ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȘȖȓȤ Ȋ ȥȗȖȝț ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȌȍȒȈȌȍȕ-
ȚȖȊ ȐȏȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȎțȘȕȈȓȈ «ǪȣȔȧ Ȕțȏȣ» ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȋȣ, ȊȍȘȖȧȚ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ ȍșȓȐ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȘȖșșȐȑșȒȖȑ șȓȖ-
ȊȍșȕȖșȚȣȖ Ȋ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ
ǪȣȋȖȊȖȘȐȊ ȥȚț ȜȘȈȏț ȉȍȏ ȗȍȘȍȌȣȠȒȐ Ȗȕ ȌȊȈȎȌȣ ȕȈȎȈȓ
ȒȕȖȗȒț ȏȊȖȕȒȈ
ǵȈ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȥȔȈȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȊȣȊȍșȒȍ — ǨȋȕȍșșȈ ǰțȓȐȈȕȖȊ-
ȕȈ ǽȘȧȡ — țȘȖȒȐ ȔțȏȣȒȐ ǯȊȖȕȖȒ ȏȈȏȊȖȕȐȓ ȔȍȓȈȕȝȖȓȐȟȍ-
șȒȐȔ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȔ ȏȊȖȕȖȔ Ȑ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȚȐ-
ȝȈȧ șȚȈȘțȠȒȈ șȒȈȏȈȊȠȈȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȊȖ «ȗȘȐȊȍȚ».
ǪȍșȤȔȈ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȍȘȍȌȕȧȧ Ǫ Țț ȔȐȕțȚț ȒȖȋȌȈ ǫț-
șȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ șȕȐȔȈȓ ȕȍȗȘȖȔȖȒȈȍȔȖȍ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊ țș-
ȗȍȓ ȍȔț ȠȍȗȕțȚȤ
— Ǫ șȔȣșȓȍ șțȉșȐȌȐȐ ȖȘȐȍȕȚȐȘțȦșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ ȓȍȋȒȖ
ȘȍȈȓȐȏțȍȔȣȍ ȞȍȕȕȖșȚȐ
ǰ ȖȕȐ ȊȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȗȖȝȖȎțȦ ȕȈ ȌȊȍȘȞț ȠȒȈȜȈ
ǵȐȏȒȈȧ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȕȈȧ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȉȣȊȈȦȚ Ȋ șȚȈȘȣȝ
ȜȓȐȋȍȓȧȝ ș ȔȍȏȖȕȐȕȖȔ ȖȊȈȓȤȕȣȑ șȚȖȓ ȏȈȌȘȈȗȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ
ȉȈȘȝȈȚȖȔ ȒȈȕȌȍȓȧȉȘȣ-șȍȔȐșȊȍȟȕȐȒȐ Ȑ ȖșȚȘȣȍ ȧȏȣȟȒȐ ȗȓȈ-
ȔȍȕȐ ȖȚ șȊȍȟȍȑ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȦȡȐȍșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȗȓȖșȒȖ-
șȚȧȝ ȠȒȈȜȖȊ ȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ
ǭșȓȐ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȌȊȍ-
ȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȍ șȟȐȚȈȧ Țȍȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȠȐȘȖ-

132
ȒȐȝ ȕȐȏȒȐȝ ȌȐȊȈȕȈȝ ǩȖȘȐș ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȉȘȐȚȖ-
Ȕț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț Ȋ ȊȣșȖȒȖȔ ȋȓțȝȖȔ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȒȍ Ȑ șȚȈȘȖȔȖȌȕȖȔ
ȋȈȓșȚțȒȍ șȐȌȍȊȠȍȔț Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȍ ȊȗȓȖȚȕțȦ Ȓ șȚȖȓț
dzȐȞȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ș ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȚȖȟȕȖșȚȤȦ ȊȖș-
ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓȖ ȌȈȋȍȘȘȖȚȐȗȣ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȣ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȋȖ ȊȍȒȈ
— ǷȘȐȊȍȚ
ȅȚȖ ȐȔȍȓȖ ȊȐȌ ȘȐȚțȈȓȈ — Ȋșȍ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ țȋȓȈȝ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ
ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȥȝȖ
— ǷȘȐȊȍȚ
ǰ ȓȣșȣȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȗȖȎȐȓȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ
ȖȚȒȐȕțȓȐșȤ ȏȈșȚȣȊ Ȋ ȉȓȈȋȖȋȖȊȍȑȕȖȑ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖșȚȐ.
DzȖȘȕ Ȑ ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊ șȍȓȐ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ DzȖȘȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș
șȖȉȖȑ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȌȍȒȖȓȤȚȐȘȖȊȈȕȕțȦ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț
ȕȍȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȉȓȍȌȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȝțȌȖȉȣ Ȋ șȚȈȘȖȔȖȌȕȖȔ ȉȈȘȝȈȚ-
ȕȖȔ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ș ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȖȘȝȐȌȍȍȑ ț ȗȖȧșȈ
ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȘțȒț ȕȈ șȚȖȓ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȚȖȕȖȔ Ȓ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȘȈșȗȖȓȈȋȈȓȈ ȔȈȕȍȘȈ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ:
— Ǫșȍ ȓȐ ȏȌȍșȤ ȌȘțȏȤȧ"
ǶȚȘȣȊȐșȚȈȧ ȌȍȒȓȈȔȈȞȐȧ ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȧ
— ǬȘțȏȤȧ ȐȓȐ ȌȘțȏȤȧ ȌȘțȏȍȑ
ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊ Ȋȣȕțȓ Ȑȏ ȗȖȘȚȜȍȓȧ ȌȊȍ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȐ ǶȌȕȈ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ — ȔȈȕțșȒȘȐȗȚ ǹȚȘȎȐȋȖȞȒȖȋȖ ȌȘțȋȈȧ — ȗȈȟȒȈ ȓȐșȚȖȊ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȗȐșȈȕȕȣȝ ȕȈ ȗȐȠțȡȍȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȍ
— ǹȓȖȊȖ"
— ǹȓȖȊȖ
ǰ, ȗȘȖșȚȐȘȈȧ ȘțȒț ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊ ș ȐȕȚȖȕȈȞȐȍȑ ȈȒ-
ȚȍȘȈ ȐȋȘȈȦȡȍȋȖ Ȋ ȗȤȍșȈȝ ǴȍȚȍȘȓȐȕȒȈ șȒȈȏȈȓ
— ǷȘȍȎȌȍ, ȟȍȔ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȌȘțȏȤȧȔȐ ȚȈȑȕț ȚȈȑȕ
șȖȕ șȕȖȊ ȧȊȤ ȧȊȍȑ — șȓȖȊȖ
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖșȊȖȧșȤ ș ȚȖȕȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȣȓ ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȘȐȕȧȚ
DzȖȘȕ Ȋȣȕțȓ Ȑȏ ȉȖȒȖȊȖȋȖ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȈȊȚȖȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȗȍȘȖ ǷȖ
ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȍ Ȗȕ șȘȈȏț ȘȍȠȐȓ ȖȚȔȍȟȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȉțȔȈȋȍ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ șȚȖȐ-
ȓȖ ȏȈȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ ǷȖȌ ȘțȒȖȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȉțȔȈȋȐ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȕȈȠȍȓ Ȋ
ȒȈȘȔȈȕȍ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚ ǹȍȊȍȘȖȥȒșȗȖȘȚȕȖȋȖ ȉȈȕȒȈ ǵȍȌȍȓȦ Ȗȕ ȕȖ-
șȐȓ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȥȚȖ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȕȍ țșȗȍȊȈȧ ȘȈșȗȍȟȈȚȈȚȤ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȍșȚȤ
— ȒȖȗȐȧ ȚȍȒțȡȍȋȖ șȟȍȚȈ ȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȘȖȌȍ ǵȐȟȍ-
ȋȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȖȋȖ

— ǪȖȚ Ȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȘȖȒ ȊȓȖȎȐȓ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȚȈȑȕț ǷȘȖșȚȣ-
ȔȐ Ȑ ȋȘțȉȣȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȏȈȗȐșȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȓ ȕȍȒȚȖ ȐȔȍȊ-
ȠȐȑ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȐȔȍȕȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȣȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȐȏȓȖȎȐȓ ȚȈȑȕț ȧ
— șȔȍȘȚȕȣȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț șțȎȌȍȕȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȍȍ ȌȘțȏȤȧȔ ȋȖȘȖ-
Ȍț Ȑ ȔȐȘț ǪȖ ȐȔȧ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȓȖȚȖșȈ Ȑ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȤȕȐȒȈ ȕȈȟȕț
Ƕȕ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȘțȒȖȗȐșȤ ȗȍȘȍȗȐșȈȕȕțȦ ȕȈ
ȔȈȠȐȕȒȍ
«ǪȖ ȐȔȧ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȓȖȚȖșȈ Ȑ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȤȕȐȒȈ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦ
ǷȖȌȘȖȉȕȈȧ ȗȖȊȍșȚȤ Ȗ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȍ ǹȐȔȖȊȍ Ȗ ȍȋȐȗȍȚșȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȕ-
Ȟȍșșȍ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș, ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ “ȌȈȘ ǨȔȖȕȈ”, Ȑ Ȗ ȍȍ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȐ
ȓȦȌȧȔ».

134
ǹȁȅǶ DzǼǸȀǼǾǮ ǿǶǺǼǰǮ
«ǭșȓȐ Ȏȍ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȈȑȌȍȚ ȟȚȖ-ȓȐȉȖ
Ȑȏ ȊȣȠȍ șȒȈȏȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ Ȑ
ȕȍȐșȗȖȓȕȐȔȣȔ ȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȋȖȚȖȊ
ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍșȚȐ ȖȗȣȚ ȐȓȐ Ȋ ȊȈȠȍȔ ȗȈȘȒȍ
ȐȓȐ Ȋ ȓȦȉȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ țȋȖȌȕȖȔ ȊȈȠȍȑ
șȊȍȚȓȖșȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ ȌȖȊȍȘȧȦ șȍȉȧ
ș ȕȐȎȈȑȠȐȔ ȗȖȟȚȍȕȐȍȔ».
ǰȏ ȗȐșȤȔȈ dzȍȖȕȈȘȌȖ ȌȈ ǪȐȕȟȐ
ȋȍȘȞȖȋț dzȦȌȖȊȐȒȖ ǴȖȘȖ  ȋȖȌ
ʞ˓ˈˇ˔˕˃˅ˋ˕ˈˎˡ ʢːˋ˅ˈ˓˔˃ˎ˟ːˑˆˑ ˄ˡ˓ˑ ˒ˑ
ˋˊ˞˔ˍ˃ːˋˡ ˇˑ˘ˑˇˑ˅ǡ ˏ-˓˖ ʜ˃˕˃ːˋˠˎˡ ʡˋˎˡǡ
ˇˈˎˑ˅ˑˌ ˇ˅ˑ˓ — ʛˑ˔ˍ˅˃Ǥ
ʗ˔˔ˎˈˇ˖ˢ ˋ ˋˊ˖˚˃ˢǡ ˅˞˔ˑˍˑ˚˕ˋˏ˞ˌ ˏˋ˔˕ˈ˓ ʡˋˎ˟ǡ ˑ˒˞˕˞
˅˔ˈ˘ ˕ˈ˘ǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˈ ˔˚ˋ˕˃ˡ˕ ˔ˈ˄ˢ ˔˅ˈˇ˖˜ˋˏˋ ˅ ˖˚ˈːˋˋ ˑ ˅˓ˈ-
ˏˈːˋ ˋ ˒˓ˑ˔˕˓˃ː˔˕˅ˈǡ ˋ ˖˄ˈˇˋ˅˛ˋ˔˟ ˅ ˕ˑˏǡ ˚˕ˑ ˋ˘ ˕˓˖ˇ˞ ˒˓ˈˇ-
˔˕˃˅ˎˢˡ˕ ˔ˑ˄ˑˌ ˉ˃ˎˍˑˈ ˛˃˓ˎ˃˕˃ː˔˕˅ˑǡ ˢǡ ˑ˕ːˡˇ˟ ːˈ ˉˈˎ˃ˢ
˅˅ˑˇˋ˕˟ ˅˃˔ ˅ ˊ˃˄ˎ˖ˉˇˈːˋˈǡ ˏˑˆ˖ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˋ˕˟ ˅˞˔ˑˍˑ˚˕ˋˏˑ-
ˏ˖ ˏˋ˔˕ˈ˓˖ ʡˋˎˡ ˇˎˢ ˠˍ˔˒ˎ˖˃˕˃˙ˋˋ ˔ˎˈˇ˖ˡ˜ˈˈ ˏˑˈ ˋˊˑ˄˓ˈ-
˕ˈːˋˈǤ
ʞ˓ˈˇ˒ˑ˔˞ˎˍˋǣ
ʖ˃ˍˑː ˔ˑ˘˓˃ːˈːˋˢ ˠːˈ˓ˆˋˋǤ
ʖ˃ˍˑː ˔ˑ˘˓˃ːˈːˋˢ ˅ˈ˜ˈ˔˕˅˃Ǥ
ʖ˃ ˔˅ˑˈ ˊˈˏːˑˈ ˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅ˑ˅˃ːˋˈ ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈˍ ˅˞ˇˈˎˢˈ˕ ˏˈ˘˃-
ːˋ˚ˈ˔ˍ˖ˡǡ ˕ˈ˒ˎˑ˅˖ˡ ˋ ˇ˓˖ˆˋˈ ˅ˋˇ˞ ˠːˈ˓ˆˋˋǤ ʦˈˎˑ˅ˈˍǡ ˍ˃ˍ
ˏ˃˛ˋː˃ǡ ˒ˑˎ˖˚˃ˈ˕ ˕ˑ˒ˎˋ˅ˑ — ˊ˃˒˃˔ ˕ˈ˒ˎ˃ǡ ˃ˍˍ˖ˏ˖ˎˋ˓ˑ˅˃ː-
ː˞ˌ ˑ˕ ˔ˑˎː˙˃Ǥ ʬ˕ˑ˕ ˊ˃˒˃˔ ˓˃˔˘ˑˇ˖ˈ˕˔ˢ ˋˏ ˒˓ˋ ˅˔ˈ˅ˑˊˏˑˉː˞˘
˅ˋˇ˃˘ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˞ǡ ˕˃ˍˉˈ ˒˓ˋ ˍ˃ˉˇˑˏ ˇ˅ˋˉˈːˋˋǤ ʜˈˋˊ˄ˈˉː˞ˏ
˔ˎˈˇ˔˕˅ˋˈˏ ˅˔ˢˍˑˌ ˏˈ˘˃ːˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˑˌ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˞ ˢ˅ˎˢˈ˕˔ˢ ˓˃˔˘ˑ-
ˇˑ˅˃ːˋˈ ˕ˈ˒ˎˑ˅ˑˌ ˠːˈ˓ˆˋˋǤ ʡˈ˒ˎˑ˅˃ˢ ˠːˈ˓ˆˋˢǡ ˔ˑ˔˕˃˅ˎˢˡ-
˜˃ˢ ˚˃˔˕˟ ˑ˄˜ˈˌ ˠːˈ˓ˆˋˋǡ ˊ˃˕˓˃˚ˋ˅˃ˈˏˑˌ ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈˍˑˏǡ ˓˃˔˔ˈˋ-

˅˃ˈ˕˔ˢǡ ˓˃˅ːˑˏˈ˓ːˑ ˓˃˔˒˓ˈˇˈˎˢˢ˔˟ ˅ ˒˓ˑ˔˕˓˃ː˔˕˅ˈǡ ː˃˚ˋː˃ˢ
˔ ˒ˈ˓˅ˑˆˑ ˇ˅ˋˉˈːˋˢ ˏˎ˃ˇˈː˙˃ǡ ˍˑː˚˃ˢ ˒ˑ˔ˎˈˇːˋˏ ˅ˊˇˑ˘ˑˏ
˖ˏˋ˓˃ˡ˜ˈˆˑǤ
ʙ˓ˑˏˈ ˕ˑˆˑǡ ˅ ˒˓ˋ˓ˑˇˈ ˔ˑ˘˓˃ːˢˡ˕˔ˢ ˓˃˔˘ˑˇ˖ˈˏ˞ˈ ˅ ˠ˕ˑˏ
ˉˈ ˘˓ˑːˑˎˑˆˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˑˏ ˒ˑ˓ˢˇˍˈ ˅˔ˈ ˇ˓˖ˆˋˈ ˅ˋˇ˞ ˠːˈ˓ˆˋˋǡ ˊ˃˕-
˓˃˚ˈːː˞ˈ ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈˍˑˏǤ
ʞ˓ˈˇ˔˕˃˅ˋˏ ˔ˈ˄ˈ ˏ˃˛ˋː˖ǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˃ˢ ˋˏˈˈ˕ ˅ˑˊˏˑˉːˑ˔˕˟
˔ˑ˄˓˃˕˟ ˅˔ˡ ˕ˈ˒ˎˑ˅˖ˡ ˠːˈ˓ˆˋˡǡ ˋˊ˓˃˔˘ˑˇˑ˅˃ːː˖ˡ ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈ-
ˍˑˏ ˅ ˕ˈ˚ˈːˋˈ ˈˆˑ ˊˈˏːˑˌ ˉˋˊːˋǤ ʞ˓ˈˇ˔˕˃˅ˋˏ ˏ˃˛ˋː˖ǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ-
˓˃ˢ ˔ˑ˄ˋ˓˃ˈ˕ ˕ˈ˒ˎˑ˅˖ˡ ˠːˈ˓ˆˋˡ ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈˍ˃ ˒˓˃˅ˋˎ˟ː˞ˏˋ ˔˖ˏ-
ˏ˃ˏˋ ˑ˕ ˍˑː˙˃ ˍ ː˃˚˃ˎ˖ ˈˆˑ ˉˋˊːˋǤ
ʞ˓ˈˇ˔˕˃˅ˋˏ ˔ˈ˄ˈ ˕˖ ˉˈ ˏ˃˛ˋː˖ǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˃ˢ ˏˑˉˈ˕ ˔ˑ˄˓˃˕˟
˅˔ˡ ˒ˑ˕ˈː˙ˋ˃ˎ˟ː˖ˡ ˠːˈ˓ˆˋˡǡ ˊ˃˕˓˃˚ˈːː˖ˡ ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈˍˑˏ ˅ ˈˆˑ
ˊˈˏːˑˌ ˉˋˊːˋǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˃ˢ ˒ˑ˔ˎˈ ːˈˆˑ ˑ˔˕˃ˎ˃˔˟Ǥ
ʡ˃ˍˋˏ ˑ˄˓˃ˊˑˏǡ ˅˔ˢ ˒ˑ˕ˈː˙ˋ˃ˎ˟ː˃ˢ ˠːˈ˓ˆˋˢǡ ˑ˔˕˃˅˛˃ˢ˔ˢ
˒ˑ˔ˎˈ ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈˍ˃ǡ ˒ˎˡ˔ ˅˔ˢ ˕ˈ˒ˎˑ˅˃ˢ ˠːˈ˓ˆˋˢǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˃ˢ ˔ˑ˄˓˃ː˃
ː˃˛ˈˌ ˏ˃˛ˋːˑˌǡ ˍˑˏ˄ˋːˋ˓˖ˈˏ˃ˢ ˅ ˒ˑ˓ˢˇˍˈ ˅˓ˈˏˈːˋ ˑ˄˓˃ˊˑ-
˅˃ːˋˢ ˒ˈ˓˅ˑˌ ˋ ˓˃˔˘ˑˇˑ˅˃ːˋˢ ˅˕ˑ˓ˑˌǡ ˅ˍˎˡ˚˃ˢ ˋ ˑ˔˕˃ˎ˟ː˞ˈ
˓˃˔˘ˑˇ˖ˈˏ˞ˈ ˅ˋˇ˞ ˠːˈ˓ˆˋˋǡ ˈ˔˕˟ ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈˍǤ
ʗː˃˚ˈǣ
ʚˡ˄ˑˌ ːˈˍˑˆˇ˃ ˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅ˑ˅˃˅˛ˋˌ ˋːˇˋ˅ˋˇ˖˖ˏ ˏˑˉˈ˕ ˄˞˕˟
˅ˑ˔˔˕˃ːˑ˅ˎˈː ˅ ˍ˃˚ˈ˔˕˅ˈ ˏ˃˕ˈ˓ˋ˃ˎ˟ːˑˆˑ ˢ˅ˎˈːˋˢǡ ˅ ˍ˃˚ˈ˔˕˅ˈ
˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈˍ˃ǡ ˔ˑ ˅˔ˈˏˋ ˒˓ˋ˔˖˜ˋˏˋ ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈ˚ˈ˔ˍˑˏ˖ ˑ˓ˆ˃ːˋˊˏ˖ ˗˖ːˍ-
˙ˋˢˏˋǤ
ʔ˔ˎˋ ˅˞ ː˃ˌˇˈ˕ˈǡ ˚˕ˑ-ˎˋ˄ˑ ˋˊ ˅˞˛ˈ˔ˍ˃ˊ˃ːːˑˆˑ ːˈ˅ˑˊˏˑˉ-
ː˞ˏ ˋ ːˈ˅˞˒ˑˎːˋˏ˞ˏǡ ˢ ˆˑ˕ˑ˅ ˒˓ˑˋˊ˅ˈ˔˕ˋ ˑ˒˞˕ ˋˏˈˡ˜ˋ-
ˏˋ˔ˢ ˅ ˏˑˈˏ ˓˃˔˒ˑ˓ˢˉˈːˋˋ ˔˓ˈˇ˔˕˅˃ˏˋ ˅ ˏˑˈˌ ˎ˃˄ˑ˓˃˕ˑ˓ˋˋǡ
ː˃˘ˑˇˢ˜ˈˌ˔ˢ ˅ ʛˑ˔ˍ˅ˈǤ
ʡˈˎˈ˗ˑː ˋˏˈˈ˕˔ˢǤ
ʠ ˔ˑ˅ˈ˓˛ˈːː˞ˏ ˒ˑ˚˕ˈːˋˈˏǡ
ˇˑˍ˕ˑ˓ ˏˈˇˋ˙ˋː˞ ʙǤ ʠˋˏˑ˅Ǥ

136
ǰǿȀǾdzȅǮ ǰ ǸǮȂdz ©ǿǶǹȊǰǮª
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȍȏȌȍ ȉȣȓ ȊȍȓȖșȐȗȍȌȕȣȑ
ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕ Ȑ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏț ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȉțȒȊȣ ȗȖ șȐȕȍȔț
ȗȖȓȦ: «ǩȓȈȕȌȖȊ» — ȔȖȓȖȟȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȌțȒȚȣ ǵȖ Ȋ Țȍ ȌȕȐ 
ȋȖȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ țȋȓț ȊȖȏȕȐȒȈȓȐ ȒȈȜȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȐȔ-
ȟȐȊȣȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȗȘȐșȧȎȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǿȍȘȍȕȒȖȊ Ȑ ȊȌȖ-
ȊȈ ȚȈȑȕȖȋȖ șȖȊȍȚȕȐȒȈ ǴȍȘȚȊȈȋȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȐ Ȋ ȊȍȓȖșȐȗȍȌȕȖȑ
ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȖȑ ȒȈȜȍ ȗȖȌ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȔ ȚȍȈȚȘȈȓȈȔ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍȔ «ǹȐȓȤ-
ȊȈ» ǶȚ ȊȍȓȖșȐȗȍȌȕȖȑ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒȖȑ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȧȊșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȏȈ-
ȗȈȝ ȉȍȕȏȐȕȈ Ȑ ȋȈȏȈ ȕȖ șȈȔȈ ȗȍȡȍȘȈ ȋȌȍ ȠȍșȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȕȍ șȚț-
ȗȈȓȈ ȕȖȋȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȋ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ Ȍȕȧ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȓȈ ȒȖȔȜȖȘȚȈȉȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ-ȉȖȔȉȖȕȤȍȘȖȟȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ ǻ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȊȝȖȌȈ șȚȖȧȓ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ
ȚȘȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȖȓȤȦ
 ȔȍȌȊȍȌȤ ș ȘȍȏȕȣȔ ȉȓȦȌȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȍȡȍ
ȋȘȍȏȐȓȖ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ ȏȈȋȕțȚȣȔȐ ȒȈȘȚȖȟȒȈȔȐ ȒȈȔȍȘ-ȦȕȒȍȘȖȊ Ȑ
șțȔșȒȐȝ ȌȘȈȋțȕ
ǰȏ ȜȓȐȋȍȓȧ ȗȘȐ ȖșȖȉȕȧȒȍ ȚȈȑȕȖȑ șȖȊȍȚȕȐȞȣ ǴȍȘȚȊȈȋȖ
șȦȌȈ ȗȍȘȍȍȝȈȓȐ ȒȘȍșȓȈ ȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȖȊȈȓȤȕȣȍ
șȚȖȓȣ ȝȘțșȚȈȓȤ Ȑ șȍȘȍȉȘȖ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȥȘȈȘȖȊșȒȐȑ ȘȖȧȓȤ ǰȏ
ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȣ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȈ ȗȘȐșȧȎȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ «ǶșȚȘȖȊ
ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ» ǩȍȒȓȐȕȈ ȚȘȐ ȠȐȠȒȐȕșȒȐȝ «dzȍșȈ» Ȑ ȓȍș ȗȈȓȤȔ
ǺȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȝȘțșȚȈȓȧ ȗȖșțȌȣ Ȑ ȔȍȉȍȓȐ ȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȔȈȌȈȔ
ǴȍȘȚȊȈȋȖ ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ ȚȖ ȗȈȑ Ȋ ȒȈȜȍ «ǹȐȓȤȊȈ» ȐȔȍȓȈ Ȑ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȠȍȌȠȈȧ ȕȈ ȝȖȏȘȈșȟȍȚ «ȈȒȈȌȍȔȐȟȍșȒȈȧ șȚțȌȐȧ ȔȍȓȖȗȓȈș-
ȚȐȒȐ Ȑ ȉȐȖ-ȔȐȔȐȒȐ» șȕȈȉȌȐȊȠȈȧ ȒȈȜȍ ȗȖșțȌȖȑ Ȑ șȚțȓȤȧ-
ȔȐ ǪȍȟȍȘȈȔȐ Ȋ ȒȈȜȍ ȐȋȘȈȓȈ ȀȖȗȍȕȈ Ȑ ȊȈȓȤșȣ Ȑȏ ȖȗȍȘȍȚȚ
ȉȈȘȖȕȍșșȈ ǫȍȑȓȍȕȠȚȘȈȓȤ Ȑ ȍȍ ȗȓȍȔȧȕȕȐȒ ȉȣȊȠȐȑ ȟȐȕ Ȍȓȧ
ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȐȑ ȗȘȐ ȋȘȈȌȖȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȐȒȍ ǶȊȟȐȕȈ-ǺȍȓȍȗȍȕȤ-ǷȖȋȖ-
ȘȍȓȤșȒȐȑ DzȘȖȔȍ Ȏȍȕȣ Ȑ ȌȊțȝ șȍșȚȍȘ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȈ ȗȘȐșȧȎ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȒȈȜȍ ȗȘȐșȓțȎȐȊȈȓȐ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȉȈȘȣȠȕȐ
Ȋ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȍ ȖȚ șȖȘȖȒȈ ȌȊțȝ ȌȖ ȗȧȚȐȌȍșȧȚȐ ȗȧȚȐ ȓȍȚ ȝȖȘȖȠȍ-
ȋȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȕȍȠȕȖșȚȐ
DzȈȜȍ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓȐ șȊȖȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȎȐȊțȡȐȍ Ȋ ȠȍșȚȐ ȌȖ-
ȔȈȝ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȍȏȌȍ ȗȘȖȊȐȕȞȐȈȓȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȘȧȔȖ ș ȊȖȒȏȈȓȈ
ȚȘȈȔȊȈȑ ȔȍȚȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤ ț ȗȘȖȍȏȌȈ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȏȌȍșȤ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ȑ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȗȍȘȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȊȐȚȘȐȕȣ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȖȊ ȐȔȍȓȐ ȧȊȕȖ

137
șȖȉȓȈȏȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȉȣȊȈȓȐ Țȍ ȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ șȔț-
ȡȈȓ ȒȖȘȘȍȒȚȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ ǩȖȘȐșȈ ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊȐȟȈ ȉȣȊȠȍȋȖ ȌȊȖȘȍȞ-
ȒȖȋȖ ȉȣȊȠȍȑ ȚȈȑȕȖȑ șȖȊȍȚȕȐȞȣ ǯȌȍșȤ Ȗȕ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȓ ȌȖȓȎ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȠȊȍȑȞȈȘȈ
ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ȔȍȌȐȞȐȕȣ ǹȐȔȖȊ ȎȐȓ ȌȊțȔȧ ȥȚȈȎȈȔȐ ȊȣȠȍ ȒȈ-
Ȝȍ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȐȔȍȓ ȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȌȖȓȋ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȜȍ
ȔȈȌȈȔ ǴȍȘȚȊȖȋȖ ǵȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȍȋȖ ȝȖȏȧȑșȚȊȈ șȖ ȊȘȍȔȍ-
ȕȐ ȘȖȔȈȕȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȉȍȋȈ ȍȋȖ Ȏȍȕȣ ș ȐȕșȚȘțȒȚȖȘȖȔ ȚȈȕ-
ȞȍȊ Ȗȕ ȕȍ Ȋȍȓ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȍȋȖ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȈ șȖșȚȖȧȡȈȧ Ȑȏ ȗȖ-
ȝȖȎȍȑ ȕȈ șȈȘȈȑ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ Ȑ ȟțȓȈȕȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊ-
ȓȍȕȈ ȕȐ Ȍȓȧ ȌȍȓȖȊȣȝ ȊȐȏȐȚȖȊ ȕȐ Ȍȓȧ ȖșȍȌȓȖȋȖ ȖȉȘȈȏȈ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ǻȗȓȖȚȕȐȚȍȓȐ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ǹȐȔȖȊȈ Ȑ ȉȣȊȠȐȑ ȝȖ-
ȏȧȐȕ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȣ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȘȖȟȕȖ ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉȕȣȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍ-
ȕȐȧȝ ȗȖ ȞȍȓȖȔț ȘȧȌț ȖșȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȟȐȕ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ
ȋȓȈȊȕȖȑ ȉȣȓ ȖȉȡȐȑ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȑ șȟȍȚȟȐȒ Ȑ ȖȗȣȚȣ ȌȖ-
ȒȚȖȘȈ ǹȐȔȖȊȈ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȍ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍ-
șȒȖȍ șȊȐȌȈȕȐȍ ǹȐȔȖȊȈ Ȑ ȔȐșȚȍȘȈ ǵȈȚȈȕȐȥȓȧ ǺȐȓȧ — ȠȍȜȈ
ǻȕȐȊȍȘșȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȉȦȘȖ ȗȖ ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȐȦ ȌȖȝȖȌȖȊ — ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐ-
ȓȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȑȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȖȟȊȍ Ț ȍ Ȋ ȒȈȜȍ «ǹȐȓȤȊȈ».
ǯȈ șȚȖȑȒȖȑ ȗȖȏȈȌȐ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȜȍȑȕȐȒȈ șȖ șȊȐșȚȒȖȔ,
ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȗȈȑȡȐȒ «ǹȐȓȤȊȣ», ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȗȘȐșȧȎ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǿȍȘȍȕȒȖȊ ǩȘȦȕȍȚ ȊȗȈȌȈȦȡȐȑ Ȋ șȐȕȍȊț
ȖȚ ȟȈșȚȖȋȖ ȉȘȐȚȤȧ ș ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ-ȊȓȈȎȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ-ȔȈșȓȐ-
ȕȈȔȐ
ǷȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȧ Ȋ țȔȍ ȊȣșȟȐȚȣȊȈȚȤ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȕȈ
ȘȈȏȕȐȞȍ ȒțȘșȈ ȏȈ ȌȊȈ ȐșȚȍȒȠȐȝ Ȍȕȧ Ȗȕ ȈȊȚȖȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȗȘȖ-
ȊȖȌȐȓ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ǹȐȔȖȊȈ Ȑ ȔȧȋȒȖ ȒȈȚȐȊȠțȦșȧ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ
ǶȓȐȔȗȐȈȌț ǹȍȘȈȜȐȔȖȊȕț ǴȍȘȚȊȈȋȖ
ǵȖ ǹȐȔȖȊ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȕȈ ȔȐȋȈȕȐȍ ȋȓȈȏ-ȔȈșȓȐȕ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȐȍ
ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȋțȉ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȊȠȐȍ ȗȖȒȓȖȕ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȐȕȈ ǿȍȘȍȗȒȖȊȈ
Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȕȖ țșȍȓșȧ Ȋ țȋȓț ț ȖȒȕȈ ȏȈ ȎȐȊȖȑ ȐȏȋȖȘȖȌȤȦ ȐșȒțș-
șȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȈȓȤȔ ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȌȊȈ ȌȐȒ-
șȐȖȕșȘȈ Ȑ ȚȘȐ ȊȐȠȕȍȊȖ-ȒȘȈșȕȣȝ ȒȕȐȎȒȐ ǩȍȘȓȐȞȈ Ȑ ȖșȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ ȌțȚȖȑ ȥȔȈȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȉȘȖȠȐ
ȗȍȘȍȌȕȐȒȈ ȔȈȌȈȔ ǴȍȘȚȊȈȋȖ
— ǯȈȕȐȔȈȍȚȍșȤ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȔ" ǴȖȋȓȈ ȉȣ ȘȍȒȖȔȍȕȌȖȊȈȚȤ
ȗȓȍȔȧȕȕȐȞț ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȋȖȌ șȓțȎȐȚ Ȋ ǵȈȘȒȖȔȐȕȌȍȓȍ ǪȍȓȐ-
ȒȖȓȍȗȕȖȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ șȔȖȓȧȕȒȈ

138
— ǿȈȦ
ǶȓȐȔȗȐȈȌȈ ǹȍȘȈȜȐȔȖȊȕȈ ȗȖȠȍȊȍȓȐȓȈ ȕȖȏȌȘȧȔȐ Ȑ ȖȚ-
ȗȓȣȓȈ ȔȧȋȒȖ ȔțȘȓȣȒȕțȊ
—ǴȈȕȤȧȒ
ǬȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȌȊȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ǹȐȔȖȊ șȐȌȍȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ǩȍȘ-
ȓȐȞȈȔȐ Ȑ ȌȐȒșȐȖȕȍȘȈȔȐ ȕȍ șȊȖȌȧ ȋȓȈȏ ș ȚȘȖȚțȈȘȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ
ȖȒȕȖȔ «ǹȐȓȤȊȣ» DzȈȜȍ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȖ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȘȈș-
ȗȓȣȊȠȍȔțșȧ ȓȐȞț ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȧȡȍȔț Ȋ ȓȣșȐȕț Ȑ Ȓ ȔȧșȐșȚȖȔț
șȊȐșȈȦȡȍȔț ȕȖșț șȓȍȋȒȈ șȖȚȘȧșȈȦȡȍȔțșȧ ȖȚ ȕȍȘȊȕȖȋȖ ȚȐ-
ȒȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȦȡȍȔț ȓȍȋȒȐȔ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȖȔ ȒȈȎȌțȦ ȚȍȕȤ ȕȈ ȏȈ-
ȔȍȘȏȠȍȔ șȚȍȒȓȍ ǵȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȌȊȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȘȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȗȧȚȤ
ȟȈșȖȊ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ, ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ǹȐȔȖȊ ȗȘȖȧȊȐȓ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑ-
șȚȊȖ ǪȝȖȌȕȈȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ
ȌȈȎȍ ȗȘȖȊȐȕȞȐȈȓȣ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓȐ ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȈ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȣȟȕȖ-ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ ȖȚȌȈȓ ȉȣȊȠȍȔț ȌȊȖȘȍȞȒȖȔț ȏȖȓȖȚȐșȚȖ-
ȘȣȎȍȍ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ ȕȈ ȏȈȔȠȍ ȒȖȚȍȓȖȒ ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȖ ȗȘȖȚȍȘ ȔȖ-
ȕȖȒȓȤ Ȑ ȖȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȋȖȚȖȊȣȍ Ȓ țșȓțȋȈȔ ȓȐȞȈ ȔȈȌȈȔ ǴȍȘȚȊȈȋȖ Ȑ
ǿȍȘȍȗȒȖȊȈ ǵȖ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ Ȑȝ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞț ȠȈȘȒȈȧ
ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ ǹȐȔȖȊ Ȋȏȧȓ ȍȋȖ Ȗȉ ȘțȒț Ȑ țȊȓȍȒ ȏȈ ȎȐ-
ȊțȦ ȐȏȋȖȘȖȌȤ Ȑȏ ȗȈȓȤȔ ǶȓȐȔȗȐȈȌȈ ǹȍȘȈȜȐȔȖȊȕȈ ȔȧȋȒȖ ȗȖȌ-
ȒȈȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ șȚȖȓț Ȑ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȖȚȒȈȚȐȓȈșȤ ȘȐȒȖȠȍȚȖȔ ȕȈȚȒȕțȊ-
ȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȉȍȠȍȕȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ șȍȌȣȝ ȉȘȖȊȍȑ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ
ǹȐȔȖȊȈ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ ǹȐȔȖȊ ȗȘȐȡțȘȐȊ ȊȖșȗȈȓȍȕȕȣȍ
ȊȍȒȐ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȓȍȚ ȗȧȚȐȌȍșȧȚȐ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ
ȗȓȖȚȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȕȖȒȘȖȊȕȖȋȖ ș ȒȐȘȗȐȟȕȖ-ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ ȞȊȍȚȖȔ ȓȐ-
ȞȈ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȊȣȉȘȐȚȖȋȖ Ȋ ȓȣșȐȕȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȓȈșȤ ȉȘȖȕ-
ȏȖȊȈȧ ȓȦșȚȘȈ Ȑȏ ȖșȖȉȕȧȒȈ ǴȍȘȚȊȈȋȖ
— ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȓȤ"
ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȓȤ ȠȍȊȍȓȤȕțȓ ȟȍȓȦșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ǹȐȔȖȊȈ ȖȚ șȍȌȣȝ ȗȘȧȌȍȑ ȕȈ ȓȉț ȌȖ ȏȍȓȍ-
ȕȣȝ ȊȈȓȍȕȖȒ ȗȖȌȉȐȚȣȝ ȒȖȎȍȑ
ǹȐȔȖȊ ȏȈȚȖȘȖȗȐȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍȓȐșȚȈȓ ȌȐȒșȐȖȕȍȘ Ȑ ș ȗȖșȓȍȌ-
ȕȍȑ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȖȑ țȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ǩȍȘȓȐȞȈ
— ǹȗȐȒ Ȧ ȐȕȋȓȐȠ" — ǵȖ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ Ȗȕ ȊȣȚȖȓȒȕțȓ Ȑȏ
ȚȘȧșțȡȐȝșȧ ȋțȉ ȥȚț ȜȘȈȏț ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȓȤ ȔȧȋȒȖ ȖȚȖȌȊȐȕțȓ
ȌȐȒșȐȖȕȍȘȣ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈ ȟȐșȚȖȔ ȘțșșȒȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ
— ȇ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȗȖ-ȘțșșȒȐ

ǰ, ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȐșȟȍȘȗȈȊ Ȋșȍ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȍȔț ȌȖș-
ȚȈȊȐȓȖ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȕȕȖ-ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ǹȐȔȖȊȈ ȊȣȚȧȕțȓ ȕȖȋȐ,
ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȗȘȈȊȣȔ țȋȓȖȔ ȘȚȈ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȌ-
ȘȖȉȕȣȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ

140
Ǽ ǻdzǸǼdzǺ ǻǮȀǮǻdz ȀǶǹȊǺǮǻdz
— ǺȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȖȌȐȕ ȋȖȌ — ȕȍ ȠțȚȒȈ ǺȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȖȌȐȕ ȋȖȌ
ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȋ ǶȌȍșșȍ ȕȈ ǹȚȈȘȖȑ ǷȖȘȚȖȜȘȈȕȒȖȊșȒȖȑ țȓȐȞȍ ȗȖ-
șȍȓȐȓșȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȥȒșȚȍȘȕ Ȑȏ ǺȐȘȈșȗȖȓȧ ǵȈȚȈȕ ǺȐȓȤ-
ȔȈȕ ǵȍ șȚȍșȕȧȧșȤ ȕȐ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ȕȐ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȍȔ ǵȈȚȈȕ ǺȐȓȤ-
ȔȈȕ ȌȈȊȈȓ țȘȖȒȐ ȌȊțȔ ȗȖȟȚȖȊȣȔ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒȈȔ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȊ-
ȠȐȔșȧ Ȓ ȥȒȏȈȔȍȕț ȕȈ ȟȐȕ Ȑ șȣȕț ȒțȗȞȈ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȋȐȓȤȌȐȐ ș
ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȊȈȓȐȊȠȍȔț Ȋ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȒȓȈșș ȕȈ ȊȖșȍȔȕȈȌȞȈȚȖȔ
ȋȖȌț ȎȐȏȕȐ ǵȈȚȈȕ ǺȐȓȤȔȈȕ ȉȍȋȓȣȔ ȠȈȋȖȔ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȍ Ȕȍ-
ȕȍȍ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȊȍȘșȚ Ȋ șțȚȒȐ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒțȦ ȗȖȋȖȌț ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȍ-
ȕȈ ȋȖȌȈ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ Ȉȗȗȍ-
ȚȐȚȍ Ȑ ȗȖȌȔȍȚȒȈȝ ȍȋȖ șȈȗȖȋ ǹȚȖȓȖȊȈȧ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ
ȋȌȍ ȏȈ ȌȊțȋȘȐȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȑ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȉȖȘȡ ș ȒȘȍȗ-
ȒȐȔ ȒțșȒȖȔ ȔȧșȈ Ȑ ȌȊȍ ȗțȝȓȣȝ ȒȖȚȓȍȚȣ ȉȣȓȈ ȘȍȌȒȐȔ ȌȖș-
ȚȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ǵȈȚȈȕȈ ǺȐȓȤȔȈȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȔȍȕȦ ȉȣȓ
ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȝȓȍȉ Ȑ șȖȓȍȕȣȍ ȖȋțȘȞȣ — ȏȐȔȖȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȝȓȍȉ Ȑ ȈȘ-
ȉțȏ — ȓȍȚȖȔ
ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȓȤ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȗȈțȏț Ȑ ȏȈșȐȧȓ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȟȍ-
ȚȣȘȤȔȧ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔȐ ȒȓȣȒȈȔȐ ȊȍȘȝȕȍȑ Ȑ ȕȐȎȕȍȑ ȟȍȓȦșȚȐ
— ǰ ȍșȓȐ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǹȐȔȖȊ ȗȖȔȕȐȚ ȚȖ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ǶȌȍșșȍ ȕȈ
ǼȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȔ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘȍ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȠȍșȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȋ ȟȐșȚȖȔ
ȉȍȓȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ ș ȗȈȓȐșȈȌȕȐȒȖȔ ȎȐȓ ȗȖȌȈȚȕȖȑ ȐȕșȗȍȒȚȖȘ ǹȐ-
ȔȖȊ ȘȖȌȕȖȑ ȖȚȍȞ ǹȐȔȖȊȈ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȧ ȐȔȍȦ ȟȍșȚȤ ȉȍșȍȌȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ ǰ ȍșȓȐ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǹȐȔȖȊ ȗȖȔȕȐȚ ȚȖ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ Ȋ  ȋȖ-
Ȍț ȓȍȚȖȔ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȊȠȐȑ Ȑȏ ǺȐȘȈșȗȖȓȧ ȥȒșȚȍȘȕ ǺȐȓȤȔȈȕ ȗȖȧ-
ȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ șȚȖȓȖȊȖȑ ș ȖȓȍȕȤȐȔȐ ȘȖȋȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȖȔ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕ-
ȌȘȈ ǺȘȍȚȤȍȋȖ
ǹȐȔȖȊ ȏȈȍȘȏȈȓ ȕȈ șȚțȓȍ ǵȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ
ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȓȖ ȍȋȖ
— Ǭȓȧ ȉȍȌȕȖȋȖ ȥȒșȚȍȘȕȈ țȘȖȒ ț ȗȖȌȈȚȕȖȋȖ ȐȕșȗȍȒȚȖȘȈ —
șȟȈșȚȤȍ ǵȖ ȉȍȌȕȣȑ ȥȒșȚȍȘȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ș ȈȒȞȍȕȚȖȔ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ,
ț ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ ȗȖȌȈȚȕȖȋȖ ȐȕșȗȍȒȚȖȘȈ ȚȖȕȒȐȑ șȓțȝ Ȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȓȐ ȥȒșȚȍȘȕ ǵȈȚȈȕ ǺȐȓȤȔȈȕ ȖȉțȟȈȚȤ «ȊȍȓȐȒȖȔț ȔȖȋțȟȍȔț
șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȔț ȘțșșȒȖȔț ȧȏȣȒț» șȚȈȘȠȍȋȖ șȣȕȈ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ Ȑȕ-
șȗȍȒȚȖȘȈ?

141
ǸȈȏȕȐȞȈ ȔȍȎȌț țȟȐȚȍȓȍȔ Ȑ țȟȍȕȐȒȖȔ — ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ ǵȖ
țȟȍȕȐȒ Ȋ șȍȌȤȔȖȔ ȒȓȈșșȍ Ȉ țȟȐȚȍȓȤ — ȥȒșȚȍȘȕ ǵȖ ȍȡȍ ȌȊȈ
ȋȖȌȈ Ȑ țȟȍȕȐȒ — șȚțȌȍȕȚ țȟȐȚȍȓȤ — ȥȒșȚȍȘȕ ǭȡȍ ȠȍșȚȤ ȓȍȚ,
Ȑ țȟȍȕȐȒ — ȓȍȒȈȘȤ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ Ȉ țȟȐȚȍȓȤ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ — ȥȒșȚȍȘȕ
ǯȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȏțȉȣ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈșȐȧȓȐ
— ǬȍȓȖ, ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ, ȕȍ Ȓ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȥȒșȚȍȘȕ ǺȐȓȤȔȈȕ țȔȍȓ
ȕȈȗȐșȈȚȤ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȚȍȔț — «dzȐȠȕȐȍ ȓȦȌȐ Ȋ ȘțșșȒȖȑ
ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȍ» Ȉ ǹȐȔȖȊ ȕȍ țȔȍȓ
ȇ ȕȍ șȍȘȎțșȤ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ǹȐȔȖȊ ȇ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ ȇ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ
ȏȈ Ȋȍșȕț Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ȋȌȍ ȧ țȟȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕ ȕȈ ȉțȓȤ-
ȊȈȘȍ ȋȌȍ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ «ǺȘȈȊȐȈȚț» ȋȌȍ șȚțȟȈȓȐ ȕȖȎȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȐȓȒȈ-
ȔȐ ǯȈ ȈȒȈȞȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȣȗȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȒȖȊȍȘ ȞȊȍȚȣ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȐ
ȉȍȌȕȖȔț ȥȒșȚȍȘȕț ȏȈ ȔȖȘȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȈȝȓȖ ȑȖȌȖȔ Ȑ șȖȓȤȦ Ȑ
ȏȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȗȕ ȔȖȋ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ
ǵȖ ǹȐȔȖȊ ǬȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȌȖȍȓȖ șȓțȠȈȚȤ
ȒȈȒ ȌȘțȋȐȍ șȚțȟȈȚ ȕȖȎȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȐȓȒȈȔȐ ȌȣȠȈȚȤ ȔȖȘȍȔ Ȑ ȈȒȈ-
ȞȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȍșȚȤ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȝȓȍȉ ȇ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȓ ȋȘȈȕȐȞț ț ǪȖȓȖȟȐ-
șȒȈ Ȑ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȘȐ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȗȈȘȖȝȖȌ «ǪȐȘȎȐȕȐȧ» ȊȣȉȘȖ-
șȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȠȍșȚȤșȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ǵȤȦ-DZȖȘȒȍ ȇ ȌȍȓȈȓ Ȋșȍ,
ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȓȐ ȌȍșȧȚȒȐ Ȑ șȖȚȕȐ Țȣșȧȟ ȌȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȋȓȈȌȐȓ ȟȐș-
ȚȐȓ șȈȗȖȋȐ ȕȈȉȐȘȈȓ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ȚȈșȒȈȓ ȒțȓȐ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȈȓ Șțȝȓȧ-
ȌȣȖ ȋȖȓȖȌȈȓ ȕȐȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȓțȟȠȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȝțȎȍ ȟȍȔ Ȋ ǶȌȍșșȍ Ȑ
Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȔȣșȓȤ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȈȧ șȚȖȐȚ ȟȍșȚȕȣȑ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍ ȊȈȠȐ șțȔȈș-
ȠȍȌȠȐȍ ȊȣȌțȔȒȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȘȈȌȐȖȚȍȓȍȋȘȈȜ ǴȈȘȒȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȈȥȘȖ-
ȗȓȈȕ ǸȈȑȚȈ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȖȊȈȧ șȐșȚȍȔȈ ȗȖȌȚȧȎȍȒ Ȍȓȧ ȎȈȘȒȐȝ
șȚȘȈȕ Ǫ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȔȍșȧȞȈ ȧ ȐȔȍȓ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕ
ǯȈ ȗȖȌȚȧȎȒȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ȗȍȕȤȒȐ ȧ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓ șȚȍȘȍȖșȒȖȗ- ȉȘȍ-
ȓȖȒ ș ȒȈȘȚȐȕȒȈȔȐ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍșȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖȓȍȚȕȐȝ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȌȍșȧȚȖȒ
ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȣȝ ȔȍȓȖȟȍȑ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȈȕȕȣȝ ȕȈ ȌțȘȈȒȖȊ ȇ
ȕȈțȟȐȓșȧ ȐȏȊȓȍȒȈȚȤ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ Ȑȏ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖȑ ȌȘȧȕȐ Ȑȏ
Țȍȝ ȖȚȉȘȖșȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȈȍȚ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȌȍȓȖȊȖȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌ-
șȚȊȖ ǰ Ȋ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȧ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ǭȊȘȖȗȍ Ȑ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȍ ț
ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȘȧȉȐȚ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȖȚ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȐȔȍȕȐ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȈȝ ȌȖȔȖȊ ȕȈ
ȖȉȓȈȒȈȝ Ȑ ȕȈ ȈșȜȈȓȤȚȍ
«ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǵȈȚȈȕȐȥȓȤ ǺȐȓȤ — țȕȐȊȍȘșȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȉȦȘȖ
ȗȖ ȐȏȣșȒȈȕȐȦ ȌȖȝȖȌȖȊ».

ǰ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ǵȈȚȈȕȐȥȓȤ ǺȐȓȤ șȐȌȐȚ Ȋ ȈȊȈȕȓȖȎȍ ǫȘȈȕȌ-Ƕȗȍ-
ȘȈ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ Ȉ ǵȈȚȈȕȣ ǺȐȓȤȔȈȕȣ șȓțȠȈȦȚ ȔțȏȣȒț ȌȈȘȖȔ
ȕȈ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘȈȝ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǵȈȚȈȕȐȥȓȤ ǺȐȓȤ ȍșȚ ȖșȚȍȕȌșȒȐȍ țșȚȘȐ-
Ȟȣ Ȑ ȗȤȍȚ ȒȖȕȤȧȒ ©DzȈȜȍ Ȍȍ-ǷȈȘȐ 1824» Ȉ ǵȈȚȈȕ ǺȐȓȤȔȈȕ
ȍșȚ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȝȓȍȉ ș ȖȋțȘȞȈȔȐ ȕȍȚ ǵȈȚȈȕȈ ǺȐȓȤȔȈȕȈ ȍșȚȤ
ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǵȈȚȈȕȐȥȓȤ ǺȐȓȤ
Ƕȕ ȝȖȝȖȚȈȓ ȖȚ ȌțȠȐ ȕȖ șȔȍȝȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ǹȐȧȓȐ ȏțȉȣ Ȑ ȏȈ
ȕȐȔȐ ȠȐȗȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȏȔ ȋȘȈȔȔȖȜȖȕȈ
— Dz Ȍȍȓț ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǹȐȔȖȊ ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ Ȋȣ ȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȔȐ-
șȚȍȘ ǵȈȚȈȕȐȥȓȤ ǺȐȓȤ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓ ȉȣ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȊȈȠȍ ȗȐșȤ-
ȔȖ ș ȐȌȐȖȚșȒȐȔȐ ȗȓȈȕȈȔȐ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȈ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ȔȈȘȒȐ ș șȍȘȗȖȔ Ȑ ȔȖȓȖȚȖȔ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȔȖȑ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȟȐȚȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȌȗȐșȤ «ǹȐȔȖȊ»? ǷțșȚȤ ȒȖȓȓȍȋȈ ǵȈȚȈȕȈ ǺȐȓȤ-
ȔȈȕȈ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȎȐȊȍȚ ǵȈȚȈȕȐȥȓȤ ǺȐȓȤ Ǫșȍ ȇ ȒȖȕȟȐȓ Ǻȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ ȧ șȓțȠȈȦ ȊȈș

143
DzǼǺǮ
ǶȕȐ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȗȘȖȟȕȖȑ ȝȖȌȐȊȠȍȑ ȝȖȌț-
ȕȖȔ ȌȊȍȘȤȦ ǹȗȘȈȊȈ ț ȗȘȖȊȖȓȖȟȕȖȑ ȗȍȚȓȐ ș ȒȈȚțȠȒȖȑ ȏȈ-
ȔȍȕȧȊȠȍȑ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ ȊȐșȍȓȈ ȏȈȗȐșȒȈ:
ǨȘȚȦȝȖȊț — 1.
ǹȐȔȖȊț — 2.
DzȈȞț — 3.
ǴȈȚȘȖșȖȊȖȑ —4.
Ǫ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ ȌȊȍȘȤ șȗȘȈȊȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȓțȖȚȒȘȣȚȈ Ȑ ȏȈȌȖȘ-
ȕȣȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȗȍȓ ȗȖȌ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȒț
ǽȖȘȖȠȈȧ ȗȖȋȖȌȈ
ǰ șȖȓȕȣȠȒȖ șȐȧȍȚ
Ǩ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ
ǩțȘȎțȦ ȎȐȚȤ ȔȍȠȈȍȚ
ǴȐȔȖ ȌȊțȝ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ șȚȖȑȔȧ șțȕȌțȒȖȊ ȊȍȠȈȓȒȐ Ȑ
ȊȍȓȖșȐȗȍȌȈ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȓȤ Ȑ ǹȐȔȖȊ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ ș ȚȧȎȍ-
ȓȣȔ ȏȈȔȒȖȔ ȌțȋȖȑ ȊȘȖȌȍ Țȍȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȏȈȗȐȘȈȦȚ ȔȍȓȖȟ-
ȕȣȍ ȓȈȊȒȐ Ȋ ȗȘȖȊȐȕȞȐȧȝ ǹȐȔȖȊ ș ȖșȚȍȘȊȍȕȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȣȌȍȘ-
ȕțȓ ȏȈȗȐșȒț Ȑȏ ȡȍȓȐ șțȕțȓ Ȋ ȒȈȘȔȈȕ Ȑ ȗȘȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
ǺȐȓȧ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȌȘȈȗȐȘȖȊȒȈȔȐ șȖ șȚȍȕȈ-
ȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȖȔ ȖȚȓȐȊȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȔ ȗȖȒȘȣ-
ȚȣȔ ȒȈțȟțȒȖȔ ǴȖȝȕȈȚȣȍ ȖȚ ȗȣȓȐ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȈ ȏȐȋȏȈȋȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖ
ȌȐȈȋȖȕȈȓȐ ȖȗțȚȣȊȈȓȐ șȚȍȕȣ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȓȖȒ ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ
ȉȦȘȖ ȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȗȖȝȖȌȕȈȧ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȕȍȑ șȚȖ-
ȓȣ ȏȈȋȘȖȔȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȍ șȖșțȌȈȔȐ șȖȋȕțȚȣȔȐ ȚȘțȉȒȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȉȖ-
ȘȈȔȐ Ȑ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȕȣȍ ȘȍȔȕȐ ȒȖȓȍșȈ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȈ ȊȣȒ-
ȓȦȟȈȚȍȓȐ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȕȣȍ ȌȖșȒȐ ș ȘțȉȐȓȤȕȐȒȈȔȐ șȎȈȚȣȍ Ȋ țȏ-
ȒȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ ȗȍȘȍȗțȚȈȕȕȣȍ ȔȍȎȌț șȖȉȖȑ ȕȈȋȘȖȔȖȎ-
Ȍȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȗȣȓȤȕȖȑ Ȑ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȑ ȡȍȓȐ Ǫșȍ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓȖ
ȕȈ ȋȘȧȏȕțȦ ȒȖȘȖȉȒț ȒțȌȈ ȘȈșȠȈȓȐȊȠȐȑșȧ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ ȉȘȖșȐȓ
ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȐȔ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȏȔ șȚȈȘȣȝ ȟȈșȖȊ ǹȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȔȍȎțȚȒȐ ȏȈȋȘȖȔȖȎȌȈȓȐ șȊȧȏȒȐ ȒȕȐȋ ȟȍȘȚȍȎȐ Ȑ ȉțȔȈȋȐ dzȈȔ-

ȗȈ Ȋ ȗȧȚȤșȖȚ șȊȍȟȍȑ ȗȖȉȍȌȖȕȖșȕȖ șȊȍȚȐȓȈ șȘȍȌȐ ȋȘȧȏȐ ȒȖ-
ȗȖȚȐ Ȑ ȝȈȖșȈ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ǹȐȔȖȊȈ
ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȓȤ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȊȣȉȐȘȈȓ ȔȍșȚȖ ȒțȌȈ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȒȖ-
ȚȍȓȖȒ ȗȍȘȟȈȚȒȐ Ȑ ȚȘȖșȚȤ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȖȚȟȈȧȓșȧ Ȑ șȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȑ ȋȖȘ-
ȉȈȚȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȐ ǹȐȔȖȊ șȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȉȦȘȖ șȒȖȘȟȐȊȠȐșȤ ȗȖȌ ȓȈȔ-
ȗȖȑ Ȋ ȗȧȚȤșȖȚ șȊȍȟȍȑ
— ǷȧȚȤȌȍșȧȚ ȌȍȊȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ
ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȓȤ șȘȈȊȕȐȓ șȍȉȧ ș ǹȐȔȖȊȣȔ ȐșȗȣȚȈȓ ȕȍȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȍ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȓ ȕȈ «Țȣ»...
— Ǻȣ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȎȍȕȈȚ"
— ǩțȌȍȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ Ȍȍȓȍ ǵȈȚȈȕ Ǻȣ ȟȐȚȈȓ ȔȖȍ ȗȐșȤȔȖ"
— ȇ ȌȍȓȖȊȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ǿȐȚȈȓ ȅȚȖ ȘȖȔȈȕ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ Ǩ ȍșȓȐ Țȣ țȊȐȌȐȠȤ"
— ǵȍ ȊȍȘȦ ǫȓțȗȖșȚȤ ǼȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȈ DzȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȟȈș"
ǹȐȔȖȊ ȗȍȘȍȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒț ș ȟȈșȈȔȐ
— ǬȍșȧȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ ǵȈȚȈȕ ǬȖ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȟȈșȖȊ Țȣ Ȕȕȍ
ȌȈȍȠȤ ȊȘȍȔȧ" ǪșȍȋȖ ȌȊȈ ȟȈșȈ
ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȓȤ țȚȊȍȘȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȊȐȕțȓ ȟȍȓȦșȚȤȦ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȝȖȌȐ Ȑȏ țȋȓȈ Ȋ țȋȖȓ
— ǵȈȚȈȕ ȇ ȗȘȍȏȐȘȈȓ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘț ǵȍȚ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȣ ǭșȚȤ
ȚȖȟȕȣȍ ȕȈțȒȐ ǺȖ ȟȚȖ Țȣ țȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȥȚȖ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȔȖȍȑ
ȎȐȏȕȐ

145
ǼǯǿȀǼȍȀdzǹȊǿȀǰǮ ǺdzǿȀǮ
ǴȖȕȚȍȘ Ȑȏ ǴȖȋȥșȈ ǨȘȚȦȝȖȊ șȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȚȈȉțȘȍȚȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ
DzțȏȤȔȣ ǨȘȚȦȝȖȊȈ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕȐȕȈ ǺȘțȉȟȍȊșȒȖȋȖ țȍȏȌȈ ǶȘȓȖȊ-
șȒȖȑ ȋțȉȍȘȕȐȐ ǺȘȍȝȘȧȌȕȈȧ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȧ ȔȓȈȌȠȍȋȖ ȌȊȖȘȕȐȒȈ
ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȍ ȕȖ șȈȔ ȔȓȈȌȠȐȑ ȌȊȖȘȕȐȒ ǴȐȚȧ ȕȍ țȋȖȔȖ-
ȕȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȊȣșȊȐșȚȣȊȈȓ «ǶȚȟȍ ȕȈȠ» DzțȏȤȔȈ ǨȘȚȦȝȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȕȍ
șȖȊșȍȔ ȌȖȊȖȓȍȕ șȣȕȖȔ Ȑ ȧȊȕȖ ȏȖȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȊȍșȚȒț ǵȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȍȋȖ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ ȕȖ ȖȉȣȟȈȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȕȖȊȍ
ǷȖȟȍȔț ȕȍȊȍșȚȒȈ ȕȈ ȒțȘșȈȝ" ǰ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȈ ȒțȘșȣ ȕȈ ȕȖȟȤ
ȋȓȧȌȧ" ǫȌȍ ȊȐȌȈȕȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȔțȎ Ȏȍȕț Ȋ ȕȖȟȤ ȖȚȗțșȒȈȓ șȖ ȌȊȖ-
ȘȈ" ǶȉȖ ȊșȍȔ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȒȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȑ Ȓ
ȔȍșȚț Ǩ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ Ƞȍȓ Ȗ ȌȘțȋȖȔ Ƕ șȕȖȗȖȊȧȏȈȓȒȈȝ șȍȓȤȔȈȠ-
ȚȘȍșȚȍ Ȑ șȍȔȍȕȈȝ ǯȈ șȚȍȕȖȑ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ, ȋȓțȝȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ șȒȊȖȏȕȧȒ
ȋțȌȍȓȈ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ǹȐȔȖȊȈ șȊȐșȚȍȓ ǴȐȚȧ Ȉ ȔȖȕȚȍȘ ǨȘȚȦȝȖȊ
șȗȐȞȍȑ ȟȐșȚȐȓ ȚȘțȉȒț
DzțȏȤȔȈ ǨȘȚȦȝȖȊ țȠȍȓ șȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȈȔȖȊȈȘ
ǯȈ ȚȖȕȒȖȑ șȚȍȕȖȑ ȕȈȓȍȊȖ ȡȍȓȒȈȓȈ ȕȈ șȟȍȚȈȝ ȚȖȘȋțȦȡȈȧ
ȕȈ ǹȔȖȓȍȕșȒȖȔ ȘȣȕȒȍ ǷȘȈșȒȖȊȤȧ ǴȈȚȘȖșȖȊȈ ȗȖ ȗȈșȗȖȘȚț
ȎȍȕȈ ȗȐșȤȔȖȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȧ Ȑȏ ȊȖȐȕșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȧ. ǷȐșȤȔȖ-
ȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȧ ȒȈȒ ȊȍȚȘȖȔ șȌțȓȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȖȒȚȧȉȘȧ șȍȔȕȈȌȞȈȚȖȋȖ ȋȖ-
ȌȈ ȕȖ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȒȈ ǴȈȚȘȖșȖȊȈ ȎȐȓȈ ȕȍȗȓȖȝȖ ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȖșȓȍ
țȌȈȟȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȌȈȎȐ ȒȘȈȠȍȕȖȋȖ șȒțȕșȈ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȓȧ ǽȖȘȖȠȖ șȓȖ-
ȎȍȕȕȈȧ Ȑȏ ȐȏȘȈȏȞȖȊ ȗȍȟȒȈ-ȊȘȍȔȧȕȒȈ ȌȣȠȈȓȈ ȎȈȘȖȔ Ȑ ȒȈȒ
ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȎȈȓȒȖ Ȉ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȗȖȓțȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ
ǬȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖȍ ȚȍȗȓȖ țȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȌȈȘȖȔ ǻ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȕȈ ȋȊȖȏȌȍ ȊȐ-
șȍȓȈ ȠțȉȈ ȕȈ ȒȍȕȋțȘȖȊȖȔ Ȕȍȝț — ȉȖȉȘȣ ǪȣȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ
ȕȖșȈ ț ȚȈȚȈȘȐȕȈ ǷȘȖȌȈȊȈȓ ȉȣȊȠȐȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ șȚȈȚș-
ȒȐȑ ș ǷȘȍȟȐșȚȍȕȒȐ ǶȚȌȈȓ ȏȈȌȍȠȍȊȖ ǫȘȈȎȌȈȕȒȈ ǴȈȚȘȖșȖ-
ȊȈ ȗȘȖȊȍȓȈ ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȖ ȉȖȉȘȈȔ Ȑ ȘȈȌțȧșȤ șȍȓȈ ȏȈ șȟȍȚȣ
Ǩ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ǷȘȈșȒȖȊȤȍȑ ǴȈȚȘȖșȖȊȖȑ ȎȐȓ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȑ ȝț-
ȌȖȎȕȐȒ ǹȈȔțȐȓ DzȈȞ ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȈȚȖȘ ȒȈȘȚȐȕ Ȋ ȒȐȕȍȔȈȚȖȋȘȈ-
Ȝȍ «ǵȈȊȤȐ ȟȈȘȣ» ȒȖȔȗȖȏȐȚȖȘ Ȑ ȔțȏȣȒȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȒȘȐȚȐȒ ǫȘȈȎ-
ȌȈȕȒȈ ǴȈȚȘȖșȖȊȈ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ ȔțȏȣȒȐ ȕȍ ȒȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ǵȖ ȚȈȒ
ȒȈȒ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ǹȐȔȖȊ ȗțșȚȐȓ Ȋ ȝȖȌ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȔȈȠȐȕț ȚȖ
ǹȈȔțȐȓ DzȈȞ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȉȘȈȓ ȔȖȓȓȦșȒȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȈȒȒȖȘȌȣ

ȧȘȖșȚȕȖ ȏȈȋȓțȠȈȧ Ȑȝ ȗȍȌȈȓȤȦ ǩȣȓ ȗȖȕȍȌȍȓȤȕȐȒ «ǵȈȊȤȐ
ȟȈȘȣ» ȕȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȠȐȒȈȘȕȣȝ ȈȒȒȖȘȌȖȊ Ȓ ȒȈȘȚȐ-
ȕȍ «ǵȈ ȋȘȈȕȐ ȋȘȍȝ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȐȑ» ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȍȓȧ ȌțȠȐ ȗȘȐ-
ȗȖȔȐȕȈȚȤ ǹȒȘȧȉȐȕȈ Dz ȖȌȐȕȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȟȈșȈȔ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ DzȈȞȈ ȏȊȈȓ
Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȕȈ șțȈȘȍ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȗȘȐșȧȎȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǿȍȘȍȗ-
ȒȖȊ ǵțȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȖȔț-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ țȖȕ-șȚȍȗ Ȍȓȧ Ȏȍȕȣ
ǿȍȘȍȗȒȖȊȈ ǽȘȐȏȈȕȚȍȔȣ ǴȈȘȒȖȊȕȣ Ȑ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȖșȓȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈ ǨȘȉȈȚȍ ȚȈȕȞȖȘȈ ǮȈȒȈ ȇȡȍȕȒȖ
ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, ȏȈ șȚȍȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ țȕȣȓȖ ȋțȌȍȓȈ ȥȓȍȒ-
ȚȘȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ǹȐȔȖȊȈ

147
ǼǽȉȀ ǿǶǺǼǰǮ
— ǹȈȔȖȍ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ Țȣ țȏȕȈȓ Ȑȏ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ȅȚȖ ȚȘȐȌ-
ȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȔȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǴȖȐ ȗȈȞȐȍȕȚȣ — ȗȍȘȍțȚȖȔȐȊȠȐȍșȧ
ȈȌȊȖȒȈȚȣ Ȏȍȓȟȕȣȍ ȟȐȕȖȊȕȐȒȐ ȐșȚȍȘȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȌȈȔȣ Ȑ ȏȈ-
ȗȖȑȕȣȍ ȒțȗȍȟȍșȒȐȍ șȣȕȒȐ — ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȐ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȔȖȌ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȈȟȈ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȋȖ șȖȉȍșȍȌȕȐȒȈ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖ ȉȖȌ-
ȘȖȋȖ ȒȘȍȗȣȠȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȥȚȈȒȐȔ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȔ ȘȖȊȕȣȔ
ȉȈșȒȖȔ ȡțȗȈȧ ȗțȓȤș ȗȘȖȉțȧ ȒȖȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȘȍȜȓȍȒșȣ «ǵț Țȍ-
ȒȈ ȟȚȖ ț ȊȈș ȉȈȚȍȕȤȒȈ"» ǰȓȐ «ȅȝ, ȔȐȓȈȧ ȌȈȔȖȟȒȈ ȕȍȘȊȣ
ț ȊȈș ȚȖȋȖ» ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȖȕȐ ȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȊȔȍșȚȖ
ȗȖȓȈȋȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȍȔț ȚȘțȌȖȊ ȗȖ ȕȍȊȘȖȗȈȚȖȓȖȋȐȐ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ
ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ Ȑ șȓȖȎȕȍȑȠȐȔȐ ȖȗȣȚȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦȡȐȔȐ
ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȖȉȡȍȋȖ ș ȔȍȌȐȞȐȕȖȑ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȦ ȟȚȖ șȚȖȓȤ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȊȠȍ-
Ȕț Țȍȉȧ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȐȦ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ǹȐȔȖȊȈ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȉȣ ȒȖȕȍȞ
ǰ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ, ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȧ șȊȖȐȝ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ
ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖșȊȧȡȈȧ Ȋ șȊȖȐ ȖȗȣȚȣ ȧ ȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȍȊȈȓ ȏȈȒȖȕȣ
ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ Dz ȒȖȕȞț ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȌȍșȧȚȐȓȍȚȐȧ ȗȖ-
șȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȣ șȒȖȕșȚȘțȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ
ȗȖ ȔȖȐȔ ȟȍȘȚȍȎȈȔ ȟȈșȚȐ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ — ȧ ȌȖșȚȐȋ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȝ țșȗȍȝȖȊ Ǫ -Ȕ ȋȖȌț ȧ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ǹȐȔȖȊ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ Ȋ
ȥȚȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ Ǻȣ Ȕȍȕȧ șȓțȠȈȍȠȤ"
ǸȖȚ ȔȐșȚȍȘȈ ǺȐȓȧ ȐȏȖȋȕțȓșȧ țȚȊȍȘȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȒȖȉȒȖȑ ȊȕȐȏ
— ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ ȚȖȟȕȣȔ ȕȈțȟȕȣȔ ȖȗȣȚȖȔ ȗȘȐ ȗȖș-
ȘȍȌșȚȊȍ ȓțȟȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȧ ȕȈȏȊȈȓ ȓțȟȈȔȐ ǹȐȔȖȊȈ ȧ ȗȘȍ-
ȖȌȖȓȍȓ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȐȔȍȓ ȌȍȓȖ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ
ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ ș ȐȕȌȐȊȐȌțțȔȖȔ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȕȣȔ Ȑȏ ȚȤȔȣ
ȊȍȒȖȊ
ǹȒȖȉȒȐ ȗȖȗȖȓȏȓȐ ȊȊȍȘȝ Ȑ ȥȚȐȔ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȓȐ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȍ Ƕș-
ȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȟȈșȚȐ ȓȐȞȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȐ țȟȈșȚȐȧ Ȋ ȥȔȖȞȐȧȝ ǵȈ-
ȚȈȕȐȥȓȧ ǺȐȓȧ
ǺȖȕȒȐȑ ȗȈȓȍȞ ǹȐȔȖȊȈ ș ȐȏȢȍȌȍȕȕȣȔ ȒȐșȓȖȚȈȔȐ ȕȖȋȚȍȔ
ȖȟȍȘȚȐȓ ȗȖȓțȒȘțȋ Ȑ ȗȖȊȐș ȕȈȌ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȏȔȖȔ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦ-
ȡȐȔ ȌȐȕȈȔȖ-ȔȈȠȐȕț ȕȈȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț șȒȘȣȚțȦ ȗȖȌ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐȔ ȜțȚȓȧȘȖȔ

DzȘȖȔȍ ȘȚȈ Ȑ ȟȍȓȦșȚȍȑ ȗȓȍȟȐ ǺȐȓȧ ȊȣȠȓȐ Ȑȏ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ
ȗȖȒȖȧ
— ȇ ȗȘȐȊȣȒ ȐȔȍȚȤ ȌȍȓȖ ș ȞȐȜȘȈȔȐ Ȑ ȜȈȒȚȈȔȐ ǿȚȖ Țȣ
Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȍȠȤ"
— ǼȈȒȚȣ
ǷȈȓȍȞ ǹȐȔȖȊȈ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȕțȦ ȌȖș-
Ȓț Ȑ ȘțȉȐȓȤȕȐȒ
— ǬȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȖȌȐȕ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȋȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȕȈȌȖȉȐȓȖșȤ Ȍȓȧ ȔȖȐȝ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȖȗȣȚȖȊ ȖȉȔȈȕțȓ
Ȕȍȕȧ ǷȖșȓȍ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȈȓ șȦȌȈ Ǻȣ —
ȗȍȘȊȣȑ
ǸțȒȈ ǹȐȔȖȊȈ ȕȈ ȘțȒȖȧȚȒȍ
— ǶȗȣȚȣ  ȋȖȌȈ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȣȔ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȚȈȓ
ȕȍȊȍȎȌȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍȚșȒȖȑ ȐȋȘȖȑ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȧȦ
ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȌȖșȚȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȚȍȝȕȐȒȐ Ȋ ȒȖȕșȚȘțȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȔȖȐȝ
ȔȈȠȐȕ Ȑ ȌȍȊȧȚȤșȖȚ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȋȖȌ — ȕȐȟȚȖ Ȋ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȐ ș ȚȍȔ
ȟȍȋȖ ȧ ȌȖșȚȐȋ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ Țȣ țȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȏȈȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȣȑ
ȖȗȣȚ ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȧ ȌȈȔ ȐșȗȣȚțȍȔȖȔț ȐȕȌȐȊȐȌțțȔț
șȊȖȉȖȌț ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ ǰȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ-ȐȏȖȓȧȚȖȘȈ
ǯȈȘȧȌȐȊ ȗȘȐȍȔȕȐȒ ȧ ȊȊȍȌț ȍȍ Ȋ ȕȈȠț ȏȍȔȕțȦ ȈȚȔȖșȜȍȘț.
ǪȖȏȤȔȐ...
ǵȈȚȈȕȐȥȓȤ ǺȐȓȤ ȊȐȌȐȚ Ȋ ȓȍȊȖȑ ȘțȒȍ ǹȐȔȖȊȈ ȚȖȕȒȐȑ
ȒȈȒ ȉȣ șȌȍȓȈȕȕȣȑ Ȑȏ ȗȓȈȚȐȕȣ ȒȘțȎȖȒ-ȉȘȈșȓȍȚ ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ
ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȓȍȋ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȧ ȕȍȓȖȊȒȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȐ
ȧȊȕȖȋȖ ȔȈȕȤȧȒȈ Ȗȕ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȊȣȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȍȚ șȓȖȊȖ ȏȈ șȓȖȊȖȔ
Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȝ ȏțȉȖȊ ȊȍȘȝȕȍȑ ȟȍȓȦșȚȐ
— ǿȚȖ ȕțȎȕȖ ș ȥȚȐȔ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ"
Ƕȕ ȌȍȘȎȐȚ ȒȘțȎȖȒ ȔȍȎȌț ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ Ȑ țȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ
ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ Ȑ șȓȣȠȐȚ ȋȖȓȖș ǹȐȔȖȊȈ
— ȅȚȖ — ȗȘȐȍȔȕȐȒ ȇ ȏȈȘȧȎȈȦ ȍȋȖ
ǹȐȔȖȊ ȊȒȓȦȟȈȍȚ ȔȖȚȖȘ ǺȘȍșȒ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȐșȒȘ
ǫȓțȝȐȔ șȒȊȖȏȕȧȒȖȔ ȋțȌȐȚ ȔȈȠȐȕȈ ǪȖ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖȔ ȔȘȈȒȍ —
ȘȈșȒȈȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȏȐȋȏȈȋȖȔ ȚțșȒȓȖ șȊȍȚȐȚșȧ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȓȈȔ-
ȗȈ Ȋ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȍ

149
ǰǮǿȍ ȅdzȀǰdzǾȀǮǸ
ȀȍșȚȈȧ șȍȘȐȧ «ǩȍșșȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȊȉȖȧ» ȒȖȕȟȐȓȈșȤ ǷȍȘȍȌ
ȗȓȈȒȈȚȖȔ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȦȡȐȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȊȐșȧȡȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȒȈȕȈȚȍ
ȌȐȘȐȎȈȉȓȧ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ ȊȕȐȏț ȌȊȈ ȚȐȋȘȈ ȗȖȌșȒȈȒȐȊȈȦȚ
ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȚț ȅȓȤȉȘțșȈ ǪȈșȧ ǿȍȚȊȍȘȚȈȒ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȒȖȘȖȚȒțȦ
șȝȊȈȚȒț ș «ǪȓȈȌȣȒȖȑ ȔȐȘȈ» ǩȣȓȐ șȚȈȘȣȍ șȟȍȚȣ ȕȈșȟȍȚ ȕȍ-
ȗȖȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȌȖȉȣȟȐ Ȋ Ȍȍȓȍ ș ȗȘȖȌȈȊȡȐȞȍȑ ȧȉȓȖȒ ǷȖșȓȍ
ȠȍșȚȖȑ șȍȘȐȐ ț ǪȈșȐ ȉȣȓ ȘȍȌȒȐȑ ȗȘȐȓȐȊ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȐ Ȑ ȎȈȎȌȈ
ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ǯȈ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȖȑ ȗȖȌȕȖȎȒȐ «ǪȓȈ-
ȌȣȒȈ ȔȐȘȈ» ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȍșȈ șȐȓ ǵȖ ȘȈȏȊȍ ț
«ǩȍșșȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ» ȕȍȚ ȗȘȖșȓȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ țȌȈȘȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȋ ȎȐ-
ȊȖȚ"ǿȐșȚȈȧ ȘȖȔȈȕȚȐȒȈ Ȑ ȕȐȏȒȐȑ ȉȣȚ ǬȊȖȍ Ȋ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȝ Ȕȍ-
ȝȖȊȣȝ ȒțȘȚȒȈȝ Ȑ ș ȗȖȘȚȜȍȓȧȔȐ țȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ «ǪȓȈȌȣȒț ȔȐȘȈ»
Ȑ ǪȈșȦ ȏȈ ȠȐȊȖȘȖȚȣ ǬȊȈ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȔȍȚȒȐȝ
ȗȐȕȒȈ Ȋ ȔȧȋȒȐȍ ȟȈșȚȐ ǰșȟȍȏȈȧ «ǪȓȈȌȣȒȈ ȔȐȘȈ» ȕȍ ȖșȚȈ-
ȊȐȓ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȤ ǷȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȒȈȚȒȈ ȕȍȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ș ȗȧȚȐȒȓȈșșȕȐȒȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ șȚțȗȍȕȐ ȕȈ ǴȍȘȏ-
ȓȧȒȖȊșȒȖȔ ȕȖ ȌȖ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȋȈ ȌȊȈ Ȍȕȧ Ȉ «ǩȍșșȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȒȖȊ-
ȉȖȑ» ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ ȒȘȖȊȐ
ǪȈșȧ ǿȍȚȊȍȘȚȈȒ ȘȐȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȐ ǻȈȑȚȟȍȗȍȓȧ ǶȚȒȘȣ-
ȚȖ ȗȍȘȍșȍȟȤ ǨȘȉȈȚșȒțȦ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȘȐșȒȕțȓ ǰȡȍȑȒȐ
ǹȒȖȚȓȈȕȌ-ȇȘȌȈ ȕȍ ȌȘȍȔȓȦȚ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț Ȗȗ Ƞȍȓ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȈȔȐ
ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȕȍ ȗȖ ȚȘȖȚțȈȘț Ȉ ȗȖ ȔȖșȚȖȊȖȑ ȖȗȈșȈȧșȤ ȗȘȍȌȈ-
ȚȍȓȤșȒȖȋȖ țȌȈȘȈ șȉȖȒț ǵȈ ȠȍșȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȖȔ ȋȖȌț ȎȐȏȕȐ ȐȔȍȧ
ȗȖȏȈȌȐ ȉțȘȕȖȍ Ȑ șȓȈȊȕȖȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȍ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșȕȐȒȈ ȊȖȏȊȘȈ-
ȡȈȚȤșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȕȈ ȕȖȟȓȍȋ Ȋ ǹțȔȉȍȒȖȊț ȉȈȠȕȦ ǸȧȏȈȕșȒȖȋȖ
ȊȖȒȏȈȓȈ ȉȍȏ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ
«ǩȍșșȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȒȖȊȉȖȑ» ȊȍșȤ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ șȓțȝ ǽȘțșȚȍȓ
șȕȍȋ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȍ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ, Ȑ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȕȈ ǷȖȊȈȘșȒȖȑ ȓȈȧȓȐ ȎȈȎ-
ȌțȡȐȍ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȏȊȍȘȐ ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ȏȍȊ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȍ
ȏȐȧȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ǶȌȐȕȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ ǵȖȟȤ ǺȐȠȐȕȈ ǰ
ȊȌȘțȋ Ȋ ȕȈșȚȖȘȖȎȍȕȕȖȔ țȝȍ ȏȈȏȊȍȕȍȓ ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ Ȏȍȕ-
șȒȐȑ ȊȐȏȋ

ǹȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȗȘȣȎȒȖȔ ǪȈșȧ ȖȚȗȘȣȋȕțȓ ȖȚ ȌȊȍȘȐ
ǿȍȘȕȣȑ ȝȖȌ ȔȕȖȋȖȥȚȈȎȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ǷȈȝȕȍȚ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ Ȑ ȗȘȍșȚțȗ-
ȓȍȕȐȍȔ ǷȖȓȖȎȐȊ ȘțȒț ȕȈ ȘțȒȖȧȚȒț ȗțȋȈȟȈ «ǩȍșșȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ
ȒȖȊȉȖȑ» țȋȓțȉȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȐȚȖȕȣ ǻȈȑȚȟȍȗȍȓȧ ǶȉȓȍȌȍȕȍȓȈȧ
ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȈ ȔȘȈȒ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȖȚȉȓȍșȒ ȜȖȕȈȘȧ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȊȊȍȘȝț
ǹȚțȗȍȕȤȒȈ ȏȈ șȚțȗȍȕȤȒȖȑ ǺȐȠȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǷȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȔșȧ Ȋ
șȓțȝ ǹȕȖȊȈ ȊȐȏȋ ȧȊșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ǴȖȓȤȉȈ Ȗ
ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ǪȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑ «ǩȍșșȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȒȖȊȉȖȑ» ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȘȐ șȚț-
ȗȍȕȤȒȐ ȗȖ ȥȚȈȎȈȔ ȊȊȍȘȝ ǭȡȍ ȠȈȋ
ǴȧȋȒȖ ȠțȘȠȈ ȊȈȓȍȕȒȈȔȐ ȗȖ șȚțȗȍȕȤȒȈȔ ȊȕȐȏ șȒȈȚȐ-
ȓȈșȤ ȒȘțȋȓȈȧ ȎȍȕșȒȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȈ Ȑ ȏȈ ȕȍȑ ȠȈȘȖȔ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȧșȤ Ȑ
ȒȈȠȓȧȧ ȖȚ șȔȍȝȈ ȔȓȈȌȠȐȑ ȌȊȖȘȕȐȒ ǴȐȚȧ.
ǩȍșșȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȖȚȌȍȓȐȓșȧ ȖȚ șȚȍȕȣ ǩȣȓȈ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ Ȑ ȘȈȏȖ-
ȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ ǹȍȘȣȔ ȗȧȚȕȖȔ ȓȍȋ ȚțșȒȓȣȑ șȊȍȚ Ȑȏ țȏȒȖȋȖ ȖȒȕȈ
ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ǪȈșȐ ǯȈȗȣȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȖȒȕȖ ǺȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȓț-
ȔȘȈȒ Ȑ ȟțȚȤ șȓȣȠȕȖȍ ȎțȎȎȈȕȐȍ ȔȖȚȖȘȈ ǰȕȚȘȐȋțȦȡȐȑ
ȘȈȊȕȖȔȍȘȕȣȑ ȠțȔ ǿȚȖ ȥȚȖ"
— ǺȖȟȤ-Ȋ-ȚȖȟȤ ȒȈȒ Ȋ Ȍȍȓȍ ȜȈȓȤȠȐȊȖȔȖȕȍȚȟȐȒȖȊ Ȋ ǫțȓȍ
— ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ ǩȍșșȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ
ǶȒȕȖ ǵȈ ȟȍȘȕțȦ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞț ȀțȔ ǬȖȚȧȕțȚȤșȧ ȌȖ ȖȒȕȈ
ǹȚȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȐȓȈ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȊȣșȖȚȍ ǰȋȘȈ șȚȖȐȚ șȊȍȟ
ǾȍȗȓȧȧșȤ ȏȈ șȚȍȕț ȕȍ ȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧșȤ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȋ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤ șȚȈȓ
ȕȈ ȗȍȘȐȓȈ ǬȖȚȧȕțȓșȧ ȌȖ ȖȒȕȈ ǯȈȗȣȓȍȕȕȖȍ șȚȍȒȓȖ ǵȍ-
ȗȓȖȚȕȖ ȗȘȐȓȍȋȈȦȡȈȧ ȘȈȔȈ ǹȒȊȖȏȤ șȚȍȒȓȖ ȊȕȐȏț șțȕȌțȒȐ
ȒȖȘȏȐȕȣ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȈ
— ǹȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȍ ȉȍȋțȔȣ
ǸȈȔȈ ȗȖȌȌȈȍȚșȧ DzȖȘȖȚȒȖȍ ȘȈȏȌțȔȤȍ ǽȖȘȖȠȐȑ țȏȍȓ ȉȍ-
ȓȤȧ ȐȓȐ ȘțȝȓȧȌȤ" ǹȚȘȈȠȕȖ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ ǵȖ șȓȈȊȈ Ȋ ǹțȔȉȍ-
ȒȖȊȖȑ ȉȈȠȕȍ ǵȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ǶȓȐ ǫȖȘȕȖșȚȈȑ ǵȖ ȏȈȊȐșȚȤ «ǪȓȈ-
ȌȣȒȐ ȔȐȘȈ».
ǰ ǩȍșșȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȒȖȊȉȖȑ ȗȘȐȖȚȒȘȣȊ ȘȈȔț ȗȘȣȋȕțȓ Ȋ
ȔȘȈȒ Ȑ ȉȍȏȔȖȓȊȐȍ

151
ǽǾǼDzǼǹǴdzǻǶdz ǼǽȉȀǮ ǿǶǺǼǰǮ
ǷȖȒȈ șȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȗȧȚȐșȖȚșȊȍȟȖȊȈȧ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȓȈȔȗȈ ǵȈ-
ȚȈȕȐȥȓȤ ǺȐȓȤ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȝȓȈȌȕȖȒȘȖȊȕȖ ȖȉȌțȔȣȊȈȓ șȊȖȍ ȕȍȖ-
ȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ ȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ șȊȍȚ ȗȖȋȈș Ȑ ȊȖȒȘțȋ
ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȒȘțȎȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȗȕ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȔȍȎȌț ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȐȔ Ȑ țȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȏȈȚȘȍȡȈȓȐ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȏȍ-
ȓȍȕȣȍ ȐșȒȘȣ ǺȐȓȤ ȏȈȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ǹȐ-
ȔȖȊ șȟȐȚȈȓ ȌȘȖȋȕțȊȠȐȔ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȒȈȒ șȟȐ-
ȚȈȦȚ ȕȈ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȍ ȗȖȌ ȝȓȖȘȖȜȖȘȔȖȔ
— ǬȊȈ ȚȘȐ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȗȧȚȤ...
ǺȐȓȤ ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȖ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓ ȏȈ ȖȗȣȚȖȔ ǹ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍ-
ȕȐȧ, ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ǹȐȔȖȊȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ Ȍȓȧ
ȌțȠȍȊȕȖȉȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȖȌȍȘȎȐȔȖȋȖ ȕȈȊȧȏȟȐȊȣȔȐ ȐȌȍȧȔȐ
— ȀȍșȚȤ șȍȔȤ ȊȖșȍȔȤ
ǵȈ ȌȍșȧȚȖȑ șȍȒțȕȌȍ ǺȐȓȤ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ Ȋȣ-
ȘȖȕȐȓ șȐȋȈȘț ǪȕțȚȘȐ ȒȘțȎȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȗȕ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ Ȋ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ
ȘțȒȍ ȏȈșȊȍȚȐȓȖșȤ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȊȈȚȣȔ ȜȖșȜȖȘȍșȞȐȘțȦȡȐȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ
șȗȓȍȚȍȕȐȍ ȓȐȕȐȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡȐȝ ȓȖȒȚȍȊȖȑ șțșȚȈȊ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șȒȍȓȍȚȈ ǹȊȐșȚȧȡȐȔ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ ȏȈȋȓțȠȈȍȔȣȔ
ȠțȔȖȔ ȔȖȚȖȘȈ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ șȟȐȚȈȚȤ ǹȐȔȖȊ
— ǬȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȚȘȐȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȟȍȚȣȘȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ
ǯȍȓȍȕȖȊȈȚȣȑ șȊȍȚ ȗȘȖșȚțȗȈȓ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȋȖȊȈȚȣȔ ȖȊȈȓȤȕȣȔ
ȗȧȚȕȖȔ ǹȓȈȉȍȧ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȧȔ Ȗȗ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȏȈȓ Ȓ ȞȍȕȚ-
Șț șȊȍȚȖȊȖȋȖ ȗȧȚȕȈ ȗȘȖșȚțȗȈȧ șȍȚȤȦ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȝ ȐȏȖȋȕțȚȣȝ
ȓȐȕȐȑ Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȗțȓȤșȐȘțȦȡȍȔ șȊȍȚȖȊȖȔ ȖȊȈȓȍ ȒȈȒ Ȋ șȕȐȔ-
Ȓȍ ȓțȟȈȔȐ ǸȍȕȚȋȍȕȈ ș ȒȈȎȌȖȑ șȍȒțȕȌȖȑ ȧșȕȍȍ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȓȐ
ȘȍȉȘȈ șȊȍȚȧȡȍȋȖșȧ șȒȍȓȍȚȈ
ǹȐȔȖȊ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ șȟȐȚȈȚȤ ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȓȤ țȓȖȊȐȓ șȓȖȊȈ
— ǴȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȐȏȈȞȐȧ ǹȐȕȚȍȏ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȐ
ǪȕțȚȘȐ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȒȘțȎȒȈ ȐȏȓțȟȈȍȔȣȑ șȗȓȍȚȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ ȓȖȒȚȍȊȣȝ ȒȖșȚȍȑ ȜȖșȜȖȘȍșȞȐȘțȦȡȐȑ șȊȍȚ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕ-
ȕȖ țȋȈșȈȓ ǹțșȚȈȊ ȖȌȍȊȈȓșȧ ȗȓȖȚȤȦ Ȑ ǵȈȚȈȕȐȥȓȤ ȧșȕȖ Ȗȡț-
ȚȐȓ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȕȍȎȕȖȑ ȚȍȗȓȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ ȒȖȎȐ
ǴȍȎȌț țȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ Ȗȕ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ Ȋȣ-

152
Ƞȍ ȓȖȒȚȧ ȘțȒț ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȖȚȊȓȍȒȈȧ ȊȕȐ-
ȔȈȕȐȍ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȑ ȔȧȋȒȖȑ Ȑ ȕȍȎȕȖȑ ȘțȒȐ Ȗȕ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ
ȋȓȈȏȈ, ȚȖ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȘȈȕȍȍ șȊȍȚȐȓȖșȤ
ȖȊȈȓȤȕȖȍ Ȋ ȘȖșȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȗȧȚȕȖ șȐȧȦȡȍȍ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȖȍ Ȗș-
ȓȍȗȓȧȦȡȍȍ ȒȓȈșșȐȟȍșȒȐ ȟȐșȚȣȔȐ ȓȐȕȐȧȔȐ ȚȍȓȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ.
ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ǹȐȔȖȊ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȘȖȊȕȣȔ ȋȓțȝȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
ȚȖȟȕȖ ȟȐȚȈȧ ȓȍȒȞȐȦ ȕȍȊȍȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔț țȟȍȕȐȒț
—  ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȔ șȍȉȍ ȔȈȠȐȕț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȖȉȘȈȚȤ
ȊșȦ ȚȍȗȓȖȊțȦ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȦ ȐȏȘȈșȝȖȌȖȊȈȕȕțȦ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ Ȋ ȍȋȖ
ȏȍȔȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȊșȦ ȗȖȚȍȕȞȐȈȓȤȕțȦ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȦ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȊȐȌȣ
ȥȕȍȘȋȐȐ ȖșȚȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȍȋȖ ȒȖȔȉȐȕȐȘțȧ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȝȘȖȕȖȓȖ-
ȋȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǰȕȈȟȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȐȕȌȐȊȐȌțțȔȈ, șȖ ȊșȍȔȐ ȗȘȐșțȡȐ-
ȔȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȔț ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔț ȜțȕȒȞȐȧȔȐ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ
ȔȈȠȐȕȣ șȐȕȚȍȏȐȘțȦȡȍȑ Ȋșȍ ȖșȚȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȍȋȖ ȊȐȌȣ
ȥȕȍȘȋȐȐ ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ Ȕȣ ȐȔȍȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ ș ȐȕȌȐȊȐȌțțȔȖȔ
ȊȖșșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȔȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ ȅȚȖ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ
Ǻȣ ȔȖȎȍȠȤ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ș ȕȍȑ ǶȕȈ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏ-
șȒȐȑ ȧȏȣȒ Ǭȓȧ ȕȍȍ ȧ ȗȖȚȘȈȚȐȓ ȚȘȐ ȋȖȌȈ ȕȈ ȐȏțȟȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȗȚ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȧȏȣȒȈ Ȑ ȕȈțȟȐȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȠȍșȚȤȌȍșȧȚ țȘȖȒȖȊ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȚȤșȧ
ȗȖ-ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐ
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȐȏȌȈȓȍȒȈ ȌȖȕȖșȧȚșȧ ȌȖ ǵȈȚȈȕȐȥȓȧ
ǺȐȓȧ ǰ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȈȧ, ȎȐȊȈȧ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȖ șȓȖȎȍȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȘȧȌȖȔ Ȗȕ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȗȖȒȓȧșȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȓȍ-
ȗȣȑ ȗȘȍȌțȚȘȍȕȕȐȑ șȖȕ
— ǮȍȕȡȐȕȈ
ǹȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȟȘȍȊȖȊȍȡȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȒȈȒȐȔ Ȋ ȚȍȈȚ-
Șȍ ǫȈȔȓȍȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ș ȚȍȕȤȦ
— Ǫȣ șȓȣȠȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ" DzȚȖ Ȋȣ ȔȐșș"
ǪȣȘȈșȚȈȧ ȕȈ ȞȍȓțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț șȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȖȚ ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȐ Ȑ
ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ — ǹȐȔȖȊ
— ǹȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȊȈȠȍ ȐȔȧ Ȑ ȒȚȖ Ȋȣ"
ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȚȐȝȐȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȒȘȍȗȕțȡȐȑ ȔȍȓȖȌȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș
Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȦȎȕȣȑ ȈȒȞȍȕȚ ȎȐȊȖȦ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ
— ȇ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș — ȍȋȐȗȚȧȕȒȈ ȌȖȟȤ ǹȍȚȝȈ… ǿȚȖ ȊȈȔ ȕțȎ-
ȕȖ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ"

153
ǹȐȔȖȊ ȊȣȒȓȦȟȈȍȚ ȔȖȚȖȘ ǷȧȚȐșȖȚșȊȍȟȖȊȈȧ ȓȈȔȗȈ ȘȈȏ-
ȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȔȘȈȒ Ǫ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ ȒȈȒ Ǫȍȕțș ȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȈȧ
Ȑȏ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȖȊ ȔȖȚȖȘȖȊ Ȑ ȐșȒȘ — ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ
— ǶȕȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȋȖȓȈȧ
ǬȊȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȗȖ-ȘȈȏȕȖȔț șȔȖȚȘȧȚ ȕȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț
ǹȐȔȖȊ Ȑ ǺȐȓȤ
ǫȖȘȌȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȗȣȚȓȐȊȖșȚȤ ǸȖȉȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȖȍ ȊȖȎȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ
ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȖȌȖȓ-
ȋȖȊȈȚȣȔȐ șȓȍȋȒȈ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȌȊțȝ șȚȈȘȐȒȖȊ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȒȈșȈȦȚșȧ ȍȍ ǰ Ȋșȧ ȚȍȈȚȘȈȓȤȕȖ ȏȈșȚȣȊȠȈȧ
ȋȘțȗȗȈ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡȈȧ ȔȐȜ Ȗ ȏȈșȚȐȋȕțȚȖȑ șȚȈȘȞȈȔȐ ǹțșȈȕ-
ȕȍ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȍȚ ȖȚ ȓȍȋȒȖȋȖ șȚțȒȈ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ
ǹȐȔȖȊ Ȋ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȐ Ȑ ȉȍȠȍȕșȚȊȍ
— DzȚȖ ȚȈȔ" ȇ ȏȈȕȧȚ
ǬȍȓȐȒȈȚȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș DzȈȗȈ
— ǰȏȊȐȕȐȚȍ ȇ ȏȈșȖȘȐȓ ȋȓȈȏ
— ǯȈȑȌȐȚȍ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȇ ȏȈȕȧȚ
— ǷȘȖșȚȐȚȍ ȅȚȖ ȊȈȠȈ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȖșȚȤ Ǫȣ Ȏȍ ȊȘȈȟ
ǪȣȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ ȇȘȖșȚȕȣȑ ȠȍȗȖȚ ǹȐȔȖȊȈ
— ǰȏ-ȏȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȐȌȐȖȚȈ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȚȤ ȖȗȣȚ
ǵȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȣȑ șȚțȒ
ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȓȤ Ȋ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȐ
— ǭȋȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȗțșȚȐȚȤ ǯȌȍșȤ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȊȐ-
Ȍȍ ȅȚȖ șȒȈȕȌȈȓ
ǹȖ șȗȐȕȒȐ șȚțȓȈ șȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȝȈȓȈȚ Ȑ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȓȤ ȕȈȒȐ-
ȌȣȊȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȗȓȍȟȐ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș
ǷȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȎȐȊȖȔț ȚȍȗȓȖȔț Țȍȓț. ǯȈȚȣȓȖȒ ǺȐȓȧ
ȕȈȌ ȉȍȓȣȔ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȒȖȔ ȒȘȈșȕȍȍȚ Ȑ ȘțȒȈ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȕțȎȕȖ
ȏȈȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȒȘțȋȓȖȔ ȗȓȍȟȍ
ǹȐȔȖȊ ȌȍȘȋȈȍȚ ȌȘȈȗȐȘȖȊȒț Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȖșȚȈȦȚșȧ ȊȌȊȖȍȔ ȏȈ
ȊȣȚȍȘȚȣȔ ȉȈȘȝȈȚȕȣȔ ȏȈȕȈȊȍșȖȔ
ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ Ȋ ȟțȓȈȕȍ ©ǩȍșșȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȒȖȊȉȖȑ» ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȑȏ-
ȊȍșȚȕȣȑ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȍșȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖȓȍȚȕȐȝ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ǴȈȘȤȐȕȖȑ
ǸȖȡȐ ȗȖȌ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ǪȈșȐ ǿȍȚȊȍȘȚȈȒȈ ȖȉȌțȔȣȊȈȍȚ ȗȖȓȖȎȍ-
ȕȐȍ ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȌȊțȝ ȔȐȕțȚ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȒȈȒ ȎȈȎȌȈ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȑ țȋȖȓȖȊȕȖȋȖ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȈ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȟțȓȈȕ ȗȖȏȈ-
ȌȐ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ǹȐȔȖȊȈ ǷȖȒȈ Ȗȕ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȎțȎȎȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȔȖȚȖȘȈ Ȑ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȓȖșȈ Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȗȘȐșȖȍȌȐȕȐȓșȧ ȖȌȐȕ

154
ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȑ ȎȍȕșȒȐȑ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȈȓșȧ ȗȘȐȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ
ȌȊȍȘȤ ȕȖ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȚ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȕȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȑ
ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȏȈȚȐȝȈȦȚ. ǷȘȐȖȚȒȘȣȊ ȌȊȍȘȤ șȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȦȡȍȑșȧ
ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȐȚ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț șȓȍȋȒȈ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡțȦ
ȊȍȓȖșȐȗȍȌȕțȦ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȒțȦ ǷȖȟȚȐ ȉȍȏ ȗȘȖȔȍȎțȚȒȈ ȔȍȎȌț
ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ Ȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍȔ ǪȈșȧ ǿȍȚȊȍȘȚȈȒ țșȚȘȍȔȓȧȍȚșȧ Ȑȏ
ȟțȓȈȕȈ ȔȐȔȖ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȖȓȣȝȈȦȡȍȑșȧ ȌȘȈȗȐȘȖȊȒȐ
ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȦȡȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȕȈ ȌȊȍ ȕȍȘȈȊȕȣȍ ȟȈșȚȐ Ȋ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚțȦ
ȕȈșȚȍȎȤ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ǹȐȔȖȊ ȗȘȍȎ-
Ȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȏȈ DzȈȞȍȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȖȉȍȐȔȐ
ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȋȓȈȏ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȚ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȓȍȟȖ ȜȘȈȏț ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈ-
ȟȍȕȕțȦ Ȍȓȧ ǵȈȚȈȕȐȥȓȧ
— Ǫ șțȕȌțȒȍ Ȋ ȟțȓȈȕȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȧ Ȏȍȕȣ
Ƕȕ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȏȈȕȧȚ ȖȗȣȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ țșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȗȖȏȈȌȐ șȍ-
ȉȧ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȚȍȕȤ ȊȘȖșȠțȦ Ȋ șȚȍȕț ȚȍȕȤ ǪȈșȐ ǿȍȚ-
ȊȍȘȚȈȒȈ
ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȗȖȚȘȍȊȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ ǺȐȓȤ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȖȚ-
ȊȖȌȐȚ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȖȚ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș Ȑ ȌȊȐȋȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȍȑ ȌȖȘȖ-
ȋț Ȋ ȟțȓȈȕ ǵȍȉȘȍȎȕȖȑ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȖȑ ȗȖȝȖȌȒȖȑ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖȑ Ȋ șȍȉȍ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȖȕȈ ȊȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȥȚț ȔȘȈȟȕțȦ ȌȣȘț
ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȓȤ Ȋ ȗȖȏȍ ȈȕȋȍȓȈ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȦȡȍȋȖ ȊȝȖȌȣ ț ȌȊȍ-
Șȍȑ ȟțȓȈȕȈ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș șȐȌȐȚ ȕȈ șțȕȌțȒȍ Ȑ ȉțȝȈȘșȒȐȑ ȝȈ-
ȓȈȚ — ȒȈȒ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ șȖȏȌȈȕȕȈȧ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ ȖȌȍȎȌȈ ǴȐș-
ȚȍȘ ǺȐȓȤ șȐȌȐȚșȧ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȚȤ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȕȖ ȚțȋȖȑ ȊȖ-
ȘȖȚȕȐȒ ȊȘȍȏȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȌȉȖȘȖȌȖȒ Ȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ țȗȐȘȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ Ȗȉ-
ȕȈȎȍȕȕȖȍ șȖȋȕțȚȖȍ ȒȖȓȍȕȖ
— ǷȘȐȕȖȠț ȐȏȊȐȕȍȕȐȧ ȔȐșș ȊȣȕțȎȌȍȕ ȗȖȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤ
ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș ȊșȚȈȍȚ Ȑ ȔȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȓȤ ȗȈȟȒȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȗȣȓȐ ȗȘȐ-
ȗȖȌȣȔȈȍȚ ȚȧȎȍȓțȦ ȒȘȣȠȒț șțȕȌțȒȈ ǶȕȈ șȚȖȐȚ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ Ȋ
ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍȕȐȐ ȒȈȒ ȈȕȚȐȟȕȈȧ șȚȈȚțȧ Ȋ ȓȈȊȒȍ ȈȕȚȐȒȊȈȘȈ
ǺȐȓȤ ȉȖȘȔȖȟȍȚ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȏțȉȣ ȗȖ-ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ
ȕȍȧșȕȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȕȤȦ-ȑȖȘȒ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȕȈȘȍȟȐȧ
— ǵȈȌȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȝȖȘȖȠȈ Ȍȓȧ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ
ȔȈȕȤȧȒȈ...
ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȓȤ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ șȊȖȑ ȊȣȉȖȘ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ șȓȍȋȒȈ
ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȔ ȉȈȘȝȈȚȕȖȔ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȕȈ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȣȝ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȟțȓȒȈȝ Ȑ
Ȍȍșșț șȖȝȘȈȕȐȊȠȐȝ ȍȡȍ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȌțȝȖȊ ȔȈȌȈȔ ǹȐȓȖȊȖȑ Ǫ

155
ȌȘțȋȖȔ șțȕȌțȒȍ Ȗȕ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȠȍșȚȐȌȍșȧȚȐ ȗȈȘ ȘȈȏ-
ȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȚțȜȍȓȤ Ȑ ȉȖȚȐȒȖȊ ǭȔț ȕȘȈȊȧȚșȧ ȖșȚȘȖȕȖșȣȍ ȏȖ-
ȓȖȚȣȍ ȚțȜȓȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ șȚȐȓȤ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș
ǹȓȍȋȒȈ ȖȗȐȘȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȌȊȍȘȤ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș șȓȍȌȐȚ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ș
ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȖȑ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖșȚȤȦ
— Dz șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȦ ȔȐșș ȧ ȕȍ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȘȈȏȉȐȘȈȦșȤ Ȋ ȔȖȌȈȝ
ǫȖȓȖș ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ǹȐȔȖȊȈ
— DzȈȒȈȧ ȕȈȋȓȖșȚȤ ǰȏ-ȏȈ ȗțșȚȧȒȈ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȚȤ ȊȘȈȟȈ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ ȋȘȖȝȖȚ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȊȖȗȓȤ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȒȐ
ǴȈȚȘȖșȖȊȖȑ
— Ȁțȉț Ȁțȉț ȕȈ ȒȍȕȋțȘȖȊȖȔ Ȕȍȝț ȉȖȉȘȣ.  ȠȍșȚȤ
ȟȍȘȊȖȕȞȍȊ ȖȚȌȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȉȈȏȈȘȍ DzȈȘȈțȓ
ǺȖȗȈȕȤȍ ȕȖȋ ȠȈȘȒȈȕȤȍ ȊȈȓȍȕȖȒ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖșȈ
— ǶȚȟȈȧȕȕȖșȚȤ ȒȈȒȈȧ ǩȍȋț ȏȈ ȔȐȓȐȞȐȍȑ
— ǶȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȘȖșțȕțȓ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȗȖ-
ȒȖȑȕȖ șȕȧȓ Ƞțȉț
— ǩȈȚȦȠȒȐ ǬȈ ȧ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ǿȈȑȒț ȕȈȗȐȓȈșȤ ǻȉȐȊȍȞ
DzȘȖȊȖȗȐȊȞȈ ǩȖȉȘȣ
Ǫ ȌȊȍȘȤ ǹȐȔȖȊȈ ȊȊȈȓȐȊȈȦȚșȧ DzȈȞ ǴȐȚȧ ǨȘȚȦȝȖȊȣ Ȑ
ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ Ȋșȍ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȧșȤ ș ȚȍȔȐ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ
— DzȈȚȐșȤ ȏȈ ȔȐȓȐȞȐȍȑ
— ǶȚ ȊȈș ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ țȝȖȌȐȓ"
— Ȁțȉț ȗȈ ȒȍȕȋțȘȖȊȖȔ Ȕȍȝț
ǹȐȔȖȊ ȔȖȚȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȉȣȒ ȐȌȍȚ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ș Ƞț-
ȔȖȔ Ȑ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȖȔ ȊȣȊȈȓȐȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘ
ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȓȤ ș ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ Ȑȏ ȟțȓȈ-
ȕȈ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȧ ȕȈ șȊȍȚ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȕȖșȚȤ ȌȈȔ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȚțȈȓȍȚȈ Ƕȕ ȏȈșȚȈȍȚ ǹȐȔȖȊȈ Ȋ ȧȊȕȖȔ șȔțȡȍȕȐȐ ǫȖȓȖ-
șȈ Ȑ ȠțȔ țȌȈȓȧȦȚșȧ ǶȋȓțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȝȓȖȗȈȍȚ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȕȈ ȓȍșȚ-
ȕȐȞț
ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȈȧ ȘȈȌțȦȡȈȧ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ ǹȐȔȖȊ ȊȐȌȐȚ ȒȈȒ ǺȐȓȤ
ȔȧȋȒȖ șȚțȗȈȧ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȟțȓȈȕ Ƕȕ ȐȌȍȚ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȕȖ ǺȐȓȤ
ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ș ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ
— ȅȚȖ ȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ țȌȖȉȕȖ ǴȐșș ȕȍ ȖȌȍȚȈ
—ǨȚȣ"
— ǬȖȓȎȍȕ Ȏȍ ȒȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȍȑ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ
ǰ ǺȐȓȤ ș ȒȖȘȘȍȒȚȕȣȔ ȕȍ ȊȣȉȣȊȈȦȡȐȔ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ ȓȐȞȖȔ
țȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȟțȓȈȕ.

156
ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț șȚȖȐȚ ț ȌȊȍȘȍȑ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȊ
ȗȖȏț ǷȓȈȚȤȍ ȔȈȌȈȔ ǹȐȔȖȊȖȑ ȟțȓȒȐ Ȑ ȚțȜȓȐ ȓȍȎȈȚ ȗȍȘȍȌ
ȕȍȑ ȕȈ șțȕȌțȒȍ ǩțȝȈȘșȒȐȑ ȝȈȓȈȚ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȚ ș ȗȓȍȟ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ
Ƞȍȧ ǺȐȓȧ ȚțȋȖ ȊȖȘȖȟȈȍȚșȧ ȊȖ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ șȚȈȊȠȍȔ ȚțȋȐȔ ȊȖ-
ȘȖȚȕȐȒȍ
— ǿȚȖ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ"
ǺȐȓȤ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȎȍșȚ...
— ǷȖșȒȖȓȤȒț ȔȐșș Ȑȏ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȖȋȖ ȐȏȔȍȘȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ Ȓ
ȚȘȐ ȏȍȔȕȣȍ ȕțȎȕȖ
ǮȍșȚ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȕȖșȚȤȦ ȚțȈȓȍȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȗȕ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȌȍȘ-
ȎȐȚ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ
ǵȖ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȓțȒȈȊȣȔȐ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȦȡȐȔȐ șȐ-
ȕȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
— ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ" ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȊȈȔ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ș
ȥȚȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȚȤșȧ
_____
ǹ ȚȖȑ șȍȒțȕȌȣ ȒȈȒ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȒȈ ǷȘȈșȒȖȊȤȧ ǴȈȚȘȖșȖȊȈ țȊȐ-
ȌȍȓȈ ȕȍȗȖșȚȐȎȐȔȖȍ Ȍȓȧ șȍ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ — șȕȧȊȠțȦșȧ
ș ȒȘȦȟȒȈ Ȑ ȐșȟȍȏȕțȊȠțȦ Ȋ ȡȍȓȐ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ Ƞțȉț — ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ȕȍ
ȉȖȓȍȍ ȚȘȍȝ ȔȐȕțȚ ǵȖȋȐ ǪȈșȐ ǿȍȚȊȍȘȚȈȒȈ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȖ Ȋȣȕȍș-
ȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȈ șȔȍȓȐ ȊȕȐȏ ȗȖ șȚțȗȍȕȤȒȈȔ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ
ȥȚȈȎȍȑ Ȑ ȉȍȋȓȣȔ ȠȈȋȖȔ țșȚȘȍȔȐȓȐ Ȋ ȚțșȒȓȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȑ
ȗȍȘȍțȓȖȒ ǶȚȚȧȋȐȊȈȊȠȈȧ ȓȖȒȖȚȤ ȠțȉȈ ȕȈ ȒȍȕȋțȘȖȊȖȔ Ȕȍȝț
ȉȖȉȘ
 ȓȍȋȒȖ ȊȓȍȏȓȈ ȕȈ ȉȈȘȝȈȚȕȣȑ ȜȘȍȕȟ Ȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȠȓȈ
ȗȖ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒț ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȗțȋȖȊȒț ȒȍȗȐ șȊȍȘȝț Ȑ ȘȣȎȐȍ ȕȈ Șȍ-
Ȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȠȕțȘȒȈȝ șȒȘȦȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȉȖȚȐȕȒȐ. ǴȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȖȉ-
ȘȍȚȍȕȕȣȔ ȖȗȣȚȖȔ ȐȔȍȧ ȊȕțȚȘȐ șȍȉȧ ǪȈșȦ ǿȍȚȊȍȘȚȈȒȈ Ƞț-
ȉȈ ȗȍȘȍȠȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȈȏȖȊȣȔȐ ȜȖȕȈȘȧȔȐ ȚȘȖȚțȈȘ
Ȑ ȗȘȖȗțșȚȐȓȈ ȔȐȔȖ șȍȉȧ ȗȖ ȌȘțȋȖȔț ȚȘȖȚțȈȘț ȗȖȋȖȕȦ —
ǴȈȚȘȖșȖȊț, ȌȊȖȘȕȐȒȈ ǴȐȚȦ ǨȘȚȦȝȖȊȈ DzȈȞȈ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȗȘȐ-
șȖȍȌȐȕȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȗȖ ȗțȚȐ ǯȈȚȍȔ ǪȈșȧ ǿȍȚȊȍȘȚȈȒ Ȋ ȉȖȉȘȈȝ Ȑ
ȒȍȕȋțȘȖȊȖȑ Ƞțȉȍ ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ șȊȍȘȕțȓ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍțȓȖȒ Ȑ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ
ȕȈ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȜȖȕȈȘȐ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ ǪȍșȤȔȈ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȟȚȖ
ǪȈșȧ ǿȍȚȊȍȘȚȈȒ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖ ȉȣ ȗȍȘȍșȍȒ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤ Ȑ șțȡȍ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȉȣ ȌȈȓȍȍ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȒȘȈșȣ Ȑ ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȐ țȋȖȓȖȊȕȣȝ

157
ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȖȊ ǴȖșȒȊȣ Ǭȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȌȈȕȕȣȍ — ȌȖșȚȈ-
ȚȖȟȕȈȧ Ȍȓȧ ȠȍșȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȓȍȚ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȈȧ șȐȓȈ ȓȖȊȒȖșȚȤ ȉȣ-
șȚȘȣȍ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȦȡȐȝ ȞȍȕȚȘȖȊ
ǷȓȖȡȈȌȤ ȕȈȔȍȟȈȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ȌȊțȔȧ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȈȔȐ Ȉ ȔȐȓȐȞȐȖȕȍȘ
ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȋ ȞȍȕȚȘȍ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ Ȋ ȗȧȚȐ-
șȚȈȝ ȠȈȋȈȝ ǷȖȌșȓȍȗȖȊȈȚȖ ȔȐȋȈȓȐ ȕȖȔȍȘȈ ȚȐȝȐȝ ȋȓțȝȐȝ ȌȖ-
ȔȖȊ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȈ ȊȣȓȍȏȓȐ ȖȉȊȖȓȈȒȐȊȈȍȔȣȍ ȌȖȎ-
ȌȍȔ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒ Ȑ șȍȌȖȒ. ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ Ȓȍȕȋț-
ȘȖȊȖȑ Ƞțȉȍ Ȋ ȐȦȓȍ
 ȗȖȏȈȌȐ — șȊȐșȚȒȐ Ȑ ȒȘȐȒȐ ǰ ȕțȎȕȖ
Ȏȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȋȖȕȧ țșȓȣȠȈȓȈ ȊȖȗȓȤ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒȈ Ȑ
ȗȘȐșȖȍȌȐȕȐȊȠȐȑșȧ ȊȖȗȓȤ șȍȌȖȒȈ ǸȍȏȊȣȑ ȌȊȖȘȕȐȒ ǴȐȚȧ
ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȑȏ ȏȈ țȋȓȈ Ȑ ǪȈșȧ ǿȍȚȊȍȘȚȈȒ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ
ȉȘȖșȈȧ Ƞțȉȣ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȓ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ ȋȌȍ șȖȓȖȊȤȧȔȐ
ȏȈȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ șȊȐșȚȒȐ ǹȖȘȐȍȕȚȐȘȖȊȈȊȠȐșȤ Ȓ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȍ Ǫȍșȧ
ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȓ Ȋ ȗȘȖȍȏȌ Ȓ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘț ȀțȉȈ ȏȈȚȘțȌȕȧȓȈ ȉȍȋ ȗȘȐ-
ȠȓȖșȤ ȘȈșșȚȈȚȤșȧ ș ȠțȉȖȑ ǷȖȏȌȕȧȧ ȎȍȘȚȊȈ ǷȖ ȗȘȖȍȏȌț Ȑȏ
ȟȈȑȕȖȑ «ǩȈȘșȍȓȖȕ» ȘȐȕțȓȐșȤ ȗȖȌȖȋȘȍȚȣȍ ȟȈȍȔ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒȐ
ǹȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȒșȚȈȚȐ ȊȣȕȣȘȕțȊȠȐȑ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓ
ȗȍȘȍȔȈȝȕțȚȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȖȋȘȈȌț ȉțȓȤȊȈȘȈ ǰ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȗȘȍ-
șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤ — ȔȐȓȐȞȐȖȕȍȘ șȗȘȣȋȕțȊ ș ȗȍȘȍȌȕȍȑ ȗȓȖȡȈȌ-
ȒȐ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȧ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ ȗȖȊȍȘȕțȚȤ Ȓ ȚȘȖȚțȈȘț
ǻȌȈȘ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȗ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȊȣȘȖșȠȐȑ șȚȖȓȉ
DzȘȈșȕȣȍ ȖȋȖȕȤȒȐ ȚȘȈȔȊȈȧ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ ȖȋȕȐ ȋȈȏȈ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȗȖȌ-
ȊȍȠȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȕȖȟȐ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȜȍȑȍȘȊȍȘȒȖȔ ȗȖȓȍȚȍȓȐ
Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚț
DzȈȘȤȍȘȈ «ǩȍșșȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȊȉȖȧ» ȒȖȕȟȐȓȈșȤ ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȖȚ-
ȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȔȐȓȐȞȐȐ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȈȚȘȖȕȈȚ ȉȍșȗȘȐȏȖȘȕȣȝ
_____
ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȥȚȖ
ǩțȝȈȘșȒȐȑ ȝȈȓȈȚ ȗȈȌȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ Ȑ ȔȐșȚȍȘȈ ǺȐȓȧ ȉȘȖșȈȍȚ
Ȋ ȎȈȘ ǵȖ, ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȏȍȔȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȓȐȟȐȧ Ȗȕ ȋȖȚȖȊ
ȚȍȘȗȍȚȤ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȔȐșȚȍȘț ǺȐ-
ȓȦ ȕȍ ȐȏȉȍȎȈȚȤ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȍȋȖ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌșȚȊȈ ǹȕȈȟȈȓȈ
— ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȚȘȍȉțȦȚ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ

158
ǹȖȘȖȟȒȈ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȍȗȘȐȓȐȟȕȖȑ ș ȚȖȟ-
ȒȐ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ șȖȓȐȌȕȖȋȖ ȌȎȍȕȚȓȤȔȍȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȍȚ ǨȕȚȐȟȕȈȧ șȚȈȚțȧ
ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȈȍȚ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȜȘȐȊȖȓȤȕȣȑ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȓȤ
ȚȖȘȖȗȐȚșȧ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȗȈȕȚȖȔȐȔȖȑ ȕȈ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȘȈș-
șȚȖȧȕȐȐ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȖȌȕȐȔȐ ȗȖȌȘȈȎȈȚȍȓȤȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȎȍșȚȈȔȐ ǽțȎȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȖȉșȚȖȐȚ ȌȍȓȖ ș ȟțȓȒȈȔȐ Ƕȕ Ȗȗțș-
ȒȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ ȌȈȍȚ Ȗ șȍȉȍ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ ȗȖȘȖȒ
șȍȘȌȞȈ Ǫ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȔȐȕțȚț ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕțȎȕȖ ȕȈȚȧȕțȚȤ ȟț-
ȓȖȒ ȌȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȊȣșȖȚȣ ǯȈ ȊșȦ ȝȖȓȖșȚțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȔȐș-
ȚȍȘȈ ǺȐȓȧ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȉȍȏțȒȖȘȐȏȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȓȐȕȐȑ Ȑ
ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȍȎȕȖȑ ȒȖȎȐ ǰ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧȝ
ǹȐȔȖȊ ȌȖșȚȐȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȋȖ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȐȕȌȐȊȐȌțțȔȈ
ǵȍțȌȖȉȕȖȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȉȓȐȏȧȚșȧ Ȓ ȒȖȕȞț ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ-
ȌȍȚȣ ȗȖȌȊȧȏȒȐ ǩȈȘȝȈȚȕȖȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȈȘȖȔȖȌȕȖȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ
ȚțȜȍȓȤȒȐ — Ȑ ȈȕȚȐȟȕȈȧ șȚȈȚțȧ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȚȘȖȑȕțȦ
ȏȍȔȕțȦ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ș ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȟȍȘȚȈȔȐ
ȓȐȞȈ ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȓȤ ȗȘȍȖȉȘȈȎȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȈȘȐȒȔȈȝȍȘȈ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȚțȈȓȍȚ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș ȖȒȖȕȟȍȕ ȍȋȖ ȚțȋȖ ȕȈȒȘȈȝȔȈȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȖȘȖȚ-
ȕȐȒ ȘȈșȗȖȓȏȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȧșȤ ȊȖ ȊȓȈȎȕțȦ ȉȍȓțȦ ȚȘȧȗȖȟ-
Ȓț DzȖȓȍȕȐ ȔȐșȚȍȘȈ ǺȐȓȧ ȌȘȖȎȈȚ Ȑ ȋțȉȣ ȘȖȕȧȦȚ șȐȋȈȘț
DzȖȋȌȈ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȦ ǹȐȔȖȊȈ ȐȏȖ-
ȉȘȍȚȈȚȍȓȤ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖȚȘȧșȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȖȑ ǴȐșȚȍȘ
ǺȐȓȤ ș ȗȖȓȕȣȔ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍȔ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȍȚ ȌȍȓȖ șȊȖȐȝ
ȘțȒ
— ȅȚȖ ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ȔȐșș ȗȖȍȌȍȚ Ȓ ȗȖȘȚ-
ȕȐȝȍ
ǸȍȏȒȐȑ șȚțȒ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ
Ǫ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ ȝȓȖȗȈȦȚ ȘȈȏȖȔ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȚȖȗȖȚ ȋȖ-
ȊȖȘ Ȑ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȣȑ ȌȘȍȉȍȏȎȈȡȐȑ șȚțȒ Ȋ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȧȡȐȑ
Ȋ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȍ ǹȐȔȖȊȈ Ȑ ǺȐȓȧ ǺȖȕȒȐȑ ȏȈȝȓȍȉȣȊȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ȖȚ
ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȋȖȓȖș DzȈȞȈ
— ǫȘȈȎȌȈȕȐȕ ǹȐȔȖȊ ǷȘȐȠȓȈ ȔȐȓȐȞȐȧ ǵȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ
ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘț
ǹȐȔȖȊ ȊȖȏȌȍȊȈȍȚ ȘțȒȐ Ȓ ȕȍȉț
— ǰȏ-ȏȈ șȚȈȘȖȑ Ƞțȉȣ ǻȎȈș
ǴȐșȚȍȘ ǺȐȓȤ ȉȍȏȕȈȌȍȎȕȖ ȗȖȎȐȔȈȍȚ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȧșȤ
ȊȖ ȊȓȈșȚȤ șȚȐȝȐȐ Ȑ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖșȚȍȑ

159
— ǵȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȉȍȏ ȗȘȖȗȐșȒȐ ȕȖ-
ȟȤȦ ȗȘȐȚȖȔ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȉȍȏ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȑ
ǹȐȔȖȊ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȕȕȖ ȚȣȟȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ǺȐȓȤ ȗȘȍȌȓȈ-
ȋȈȍȚ ȘțȒț ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȍȚ ȍȍ ȌȖ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȟțȓȈȕȈ ȊȖȏ-
ȊȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ șȈȌȐȚșȧ ȕȈ șȚțȓ ș ȊȐȌȖȔ ȊȣșȖȒȖȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ȚțȘȐșȚȈ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ȉȣȚȖȔ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ
— DzțȌȈ Ȏȍ ȍȍ ȌȍȊȈȚȤ"
— ǵțȎȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȒȈȒ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ țȓȈȌȐȚȤ ș ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȈȔȐ ǷȖ-
ȒȈ ȖȕȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȎȐȚȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ǬȍȓȖȊȖȔ ȌȊȖȘȍ
ǪȖȗȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ǹȐȔȖȊȈ
— ǺȖ ȍșȚȤ ȕȍ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ȉ ȘȧȌȖȔ ǫȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȉȓȐȏȐ ǵȍ-
ȓȤȏȧ ȒȖȔȗȘȖȔȍȚȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȔȖȓȖȌțȦ ȌȈȔț ȕȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ
ȍȍ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȋ ȟțȓȈȕȍ
— Ǩ ȖȗȣȚȣ"
— ȅȚȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȊȣȧșȕȐȚȤ ȌȖȝȖȌȕȖșȚȤ
ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȧȚȐȧ.
ȀȈȋȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȗȈȘ ȕȖȋ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ
Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȧȔ ǹȐȔȖȊȈ
— ǿȚȖ Ȏȍ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȐȔ"
— ǹ ȒȈȒȖȑ șȚȈȚȐ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȓȍȏțȚ Ȋ ȟțȓȈȕ"
ǬȊȍȘȤ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ǷȘȖȞȍșșȐȦ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȒȖȎȈȕȖȑ ȜțȘȈȎȒȍ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ ȗȖ-
ȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȍȖȗȐșțȍȔȣȔ ȝȈȖșȖȔ
DzȈȞ Ȑ ǷȘȈșȒȖȊȤȧ ǴȈȚȘȖșȖȊȈ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȌȖȉȘȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȝ
ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐȒȖȊ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȦȚ ȊȖȠȍȌȠȍȔț ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ
ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȘȈșȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚșȧ ȏȈ ȉȦȘȖ Ȑ ȊȣȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȉț-
ȔȈȋȐ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖ ȎȌȍȚ ȗȖȒȈ ǹȐȔȖȊ ȔȖȘȡȈșȤ ș ȧȊ-
ȕȣȔ ȕȍȌȘțȎȍȓȦȉȐȍȔ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ
— ǵȐȒȖȋȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȐȕȈ ǹȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȀȚȈ-
ȚȖȊ ȔȐșȚȍȘȈ ǺȐȓȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
— ǵȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȠȒȐ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȓ
— ǫȘȈȎȌȈȕȒț ǴȈȚȘȖșȖȊț ȏȕȈȦ ǩȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȈȧ ȎȐȓȐȞȈ
— ȅȚȖ ȧ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȈȧ" ǹȈȔ ș țȚȘȈ ȌȖ ȕȖȟȐ șȊȍȘȓȐȚ Ȑ
șȊȍȘȓȐȚ ǼȈȉȘȐȒȈ
ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȏȈȗȐșȣȊȈȍȚ șȓȖȊȈ ǹȐȔȖȊȈ ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȖ
ȖȉȊȖȌȐȚ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȈȒȒțȔțȓȧȚȖȘȣ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȈ ȐȏȖȓȧȚȖȘȣ Ȑ ȊȍșȤ
ȕȈȋȘȖȔȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ ǹȐȔȖȊȣȔ ȓȈȉȐȘȐȕȚ
— ǬȊȍȘȤ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȝȖȌ ȍșȚȤ"

— DzȈȒ Ȏȍ-ș… ǻ ȕȐȝ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȟȐȒȈ — ȟțȓȈȕȟȐȒ ȖȚ-
ȌȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȝȖȌ
— ǮȍȓȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ
ǹȐȔȖȊ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȍȚ ȖȚ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖșȚȐ
— ǵȍ ȔȖȋț ǵȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȦ
ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȍȚ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍș Ȓ ȌȖȒ-
ȚȖȘț ǹȐȔȖȊț Ȑ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȍ ȡȍȓȒȈȍȚ ȏȈȔȒȖȔ ȗȖȘȚȜȍȓȧ.
— ǺȖ ȍșȚȤ ȒȈȒ" DzȈȒ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȐȕț ǹȐȔȖȊț ȕȍȐȏȊȍ-
șȚȕȖ
— ǵȍ ȔȖȋț ǭșȚȤ ȖșȖȉȣȍ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ
— ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ș ȊȈȠȍȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ǫȣ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ
ȟȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ" ǷȘȖȠț ȕȍ ȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȖșȔȖȚȘț ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȝȖȌȈ
— ǬȊȍȘȤ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȈ ȕȈ ȏȈșȖȊ
— Ǩ ȊȖȚ Ȕȣ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȐȔ
ǰ Ȋșȍ ȌȊȐȋȈȦȚșȧ Ȓ ȗȖȓțȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȑ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȟțȓȈȕȈ DzȈȞ ȗȖ-
ȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȌȖȘȖȋț ǺȐȓȤ Ȑ ǹȐȔȖȊ ȕȍ ȌȊȐȋȈȦȚșȧ ș ȔȍșȚȈ Ȑ ȘȈș-
ȚȍȘȧȕȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȧȚ ȌȘțȋ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȈ ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ ȔȖȓȟȈ-
ȕȐȧ ǺȧȎȍȓȖȍ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȠȍȗȖȚ ǺȐȓȧ
— ȇȊȕȣȑ șȒȈȕȌȈȓ ȅȚȐȔ ȧ ȊȈȔ ȖȉȧȏȈȕ
ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ Ȑȏ ȟțȓȈȕȈ
— ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ
ǹȐȔȖȊ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ǺȐȓȤ ȎȌȍȚ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȧ ȜȘȈ-
ȏȣ
— ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȋȣ ȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȖșȔȖȚ-
Șț ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȈ ǵȍ ȔȍȠȈȓȖ ȉȣ Ȑ ȖȒȖȠȒȖ.
ǷȍȚȓȐ ȗȓȖȝȐ
ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ șȖȉȐȘȈȍȚ ȉțȔȈȋȐ Ȋ ȗȖȘȚȜȍȓȤ Ȑ țȝȖȌȐȚ
șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȍȔȣȑ ǴȈȚȘȖșȖȊȖȑ Ȑ DzȈȞȍȔ ȖȉțȘȍȊȈȍȔȣȔȐ Ȍȍ-
ȚȍȒȚȐȊȕȣȔ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȖȔ
ǬȖȓȋȖȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ
ǺȐȓȤ șȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ș ȔȍșȚȈ șȗȖȚȣȒȈȧșȤ Ȗ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȈ șȚțȒȈȧșȤ
Ȗ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȏȔȣ Ȑ ȉȍȎȐȚ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȟțȓȈȕȈ ǹȓȍȌȖȔ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ Țȧ-
ȎȍȓȖȑ ȗȖȝȖȌȒȖȑ ǹȐȔȖȊ
ǷȖȓțȔȘȈȒ ǷȈțȚȐȕȈ Ȑ șȣȘȖșȚȤ ǸȈșȒȘȣȚȣȍ șțȕȌțȒȐ ȕȈ
ȗȖȓț — ȘțȝȓȧȌȤ
ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș ȕȐȋȌȍ ȕȍȚ.

161
ȀǮǸ ǻǮǵȉǰǮdzǺǼdz ǿȁǮǾdz
ǩ ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȎȐȓȐȡȕȖȋȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍșȚȊȈ ǩȖȘȐș ǭȓȐ-
șȍȍȊȐȟ ǿȍȘȍȗȒȖȊ ǷȖȔȖȡȕȐȒ ȗȘȐșȧȎȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȍȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǩ
ȟȓȍȕ ȗȘȖȜșȖȦȏȈ șȖȊȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȆȘȐșȒȖȕșțȓȤȚ ȈȒȞȐȖȕȍȘ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ «dzȐȗȈ» ǹȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȍȞ ȒȖȔȐșșȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȒȖȕȚȖȘȣ
«ǴȖȓȕȐȧ» ȕȈ ǴȧșȕȐȞȒȖȑ ǹȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȍȞ ȊȣȠȍțȗȖȔȧȕțȚȖȋȖ
ȒȈȜȍ «ǹȐȓȤȊȈ».
ǽȘȐȏȈȕȚȍȔȈ ǴȈȘȒȖȊȕȈ ǿȍȘȍȗȒȖȊȈ ǩȣȊȠȈȧ șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȞȈ
ȊȚȖȘȖȑ șȚțȌȐȐ ǴȖșȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ǽțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȈȚȘȈ ǰȕ-
ȚȍȓȓȐȋȍȕȋȕȍȑȠȈȧ ȌȈȔȈ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȍ ǮȐȊȖȑ Ȋȍș ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȗțȌȈ
ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȌȊȈ ȜțȕȚȈ ǷȘȐ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȔ ȘȖșȚȍ ȍȌȊȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȈȧ ȗȖȓ-
ȕȖȚȈ DzȊȈȘȚȐȘȈ Ȑȏ ȚȘȍȝ ȒȖȔȕȈȚ ǷȘȖȗȐșȈȕȣ ȌȊȖȍ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȐȒȖȊ ǮȐȊȍȚ ȒȘȖȔȍ ǿȍȘȍȗȒȖȊȣȝ ǮȈȒ dzȍȖȕȈȘȌȖȊȐȟ ȇȡȍȕ-
ȒȖ țȟȍȕȐȒ șȚțȌȕȐ ȥȒȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ ǩȣȊȠȐȑ ȗȘȈȗȖȘ-
ȡȐȒ ǼȘȍȕȟ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȌȖ ȒȖȓȍȕ ȋȈȓȐȜȍ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖȋȖ
șțȒȕȈ ȠȍȊȘȖȊȣȍ șȈȗȖȋȐ Ȑ ȕȈȉȖȘȕȣȑ ȒȈȊȒȈȏșȒȐȑ ȗȖȧș
ǭȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ ȉȘȐȚ țșȣ — ȌȊȈ ȈȒȒțȘȈȚȕȣȝ ȒȘȣȓȣȠȒȈ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȝ-
ȕȍȑ ȋțȉȍ ȗȖȌ ȚȖȕȒȐȔ ȔȧȋȒȐȔ ȟțȚȤ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔ ȕȖșȖȔ ǵȍ Șȍ-
Ȏȍ ȌȊțȝ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȔȍșȧȞ — șțȈȘȍ ǴȖȓȖȌȍȎȤ — ȈȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȍ
ȚȈȕȞȣ Ȑ șȗȐȘȐȚȐȏȔ ǹȖȓȐȌȕȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ — ȔȈȒȈȖ Ȑ ȎȍȓȍȏȒȈ
ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȚ ȗȖȥȚȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȊȖȌȐȚ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȕȣȑ
ȒȘȐȚȐȒ ǭȘȔȖȓȈȑ ǹȈȔȖșȈȌȒȐȕ Ǫ ȟȈș ȕȖȟȐ — țȎȐȕ ș ȕȈș-
ȚȖȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȈ ȓȐȔȖȕȕȖȑ ȒȖȘȒȍ, ȗȖȔȍȡȐȟȤȍȑ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȚȍȔ-
ȗȍȘȈȚțȘȣ ȊȖȌȒȖȑ ȗȐȊȖȔ «ǴȖșșȍȓȤȗȘȖȔ» ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ ȏȈȒțș-
ȒȖȑ ȖȚ ǭȓȐșȍȍȊȈ ȅȔȐȘȖ
 Ȑ șȖȓȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȖȚ ǫȖȓȖȊȒȐȕȈ ǪȐȕȈ
ȋȖșȗȖȌȊȈȓȖȊ ǨȏȍȘȉȈȑȌȎȈȕȈ ǹȚȈȘȖȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȖȍ ȋȖșȚȍȗȘȐȔșȚ-
ȊȖ Ȑ ȝȓȍȉȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȖ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȊȐȌȖȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȕȖȍ ȚȍȔ, ȟȚȖ ȋȖșȚȐ
ș ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ șȕȧȚȖȋȖ ȉȈȕȒȈ ȖȗțșȒȈȦȚ Ȋ ȒȘțȎȒț ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȗȘȖ-
ȞȍȕȚȖȊ «Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȐșȓțȋȐ» ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȗȘȐșȓțȋȈ — ȉȍȌȕȈȧ ȘȖȌșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȐȞȈ — ȟȐșȓȐȚșȧ țȗȓȖȚȕȧȦȡȍȑ ȋȖșȚȐȕțȦ șȗȐȚ ȕȈ șțȕȌț-
Ȓȍ Ȋ ȒȖȘȐȌȖȘȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȖșȖȉȖ șȣȚȖȋȖ ȊȐȌȈ ȖȚ ȡȍȌȘȖȚ ȋȖș-
Țȍȑ ǶȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ șȖȉȐȘȈȦȚșȧ Ȓ ȖȌȐȕȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȟȈșȈȔ Ȋ ȒȈ-
ȉȐȕȍȚȍ ȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ǩȖȘȐșȈ ǭȓȐșȍȍȊȐȟȈ ǿȍȘȍȗȒȖȊȈ ǵȈ
șȚȍȕȈȝ — ȋȘȈȊȦȘȣ ǴȖșȒȊȈ ȗȧȚȐȌȍșȧȚȣȝ ȋȖȌȖȊ ȚȖȕȒȐȍ ȘȈ-
ȔȖȟȒȐ ǵȈ ȚțȔȉȈȝ — ȒȈȕȌȍȓȧȉȘȣ ȝȘțșȚȈȓȤ ǴȍȉȍȓȤ șȚȈȘȐȕ-

ȕȈȧ ȘȍșȚȈȊȘȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȈȧ ȌȖ ȚȖȕȒȖșȚȐ ǨȘȔȈȚțȘȈ — ȜȖȕȈ-
ȘȐȒȐ ȗȖȌ ȜȖȑȍ ǽțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȈȚȘȈ ǬȈȓȍȍ ȋȖșȚȐȕȈȧ —
ȏȖȓȖȟȍȕȈȧ șȚȍȋȈȕȈȧ ȋȖȓțȉȣȔ ȠȚȖȜȖȔ — Ȑ ȘȖȧȓȤ ǩȍȝȠȚȍȑȕ,
ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕ ȕȈ ȝȘȈȕȍȕȐȍ șȉȍȎȈȊȠȐȔ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞț ȗȈȚȘȖȕȖȔ
ǿȍȘȍȗȒȖȊȈ DzȈȘȚȐȕȈ «ǺȘȐțȔȜ ǬȐȈȕȣ» ȊȖ ȊșȦ șȚȍȕț ȊȏȧȚȈ
ț ȔȈȌȈȔ ǴȍȘȚȊȈȋȖ Ȋ ȖȉȍșȗȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȗȈȧ ȗȖ ȒȈȜȍ «ǹȐȓȤȊȈ».
ǯȕȈȚȖȒȐ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȦȚ — ȟȐșȚȈȧ ȊȈȓȦȚȈ Ǫ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ
dzȖȕȌȖȕȍ ǰȔȍȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȠȒȈȜȐȒ-«ȋȖȘȒȈ» — ȗȖȓțșȍȘȊȐȏȣ ǫȈȘȌ-
ȕȍȘȈ Ȑ ȚȍȚ-Ȉ-ȚȍȚ ǹȍȊȘ
ǺȘȍȚȤȧ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈ — ǮȈȒȐ ȇȡȍȕȒȖ ǯȈ ȌȘȈȗȐȘȖȊȒȖȑ ȒȘȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ — ȌȍȊȐȟȤȍ ȌȖȎȍ Ȋ ȉȈȕȚȐȒȈȝ Ȑ ȒȘțȎȍȊȈȝ ǵȈ ȚțȔȉȖȟȒȍ ț
ȐȏȋȖȓȖȊȤȧ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ ǽȘȐȏȈȕȚȍȔȣ DzȈȏȐȔȐȘȖȊȕȣ Ȋ ȗȖȓțȕȈȚț-
ȘȈȓȤȕțȦ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕț Ȋ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ «șȖȔȖȕ» Ȑȏ ȈȚȍȓȤȍ ȔȖȌ ș Ȋȍȍ-
ȘȖȔ ǵȈȌȗȐșȤ Ȑȏ «ǿȍȚȖȒ» Ǩȕȕȣ ǨȝȔȈȚȖȊȖȑ șȖ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ
ȔȕȖȋȐȔȐ ȚȖȟȒȈȔȐ Ǫ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȠȒȈȜț ȊȖșȍȔȤ ȗȈȘ ȉȘȦȒ
ȕȈ ȉȘȦȒȖȌȍȘȎȈȚȍȓȧȝ Ȑ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȏȍ ȗȐȌȎȈȒȖȊ ȕȍ șȟȐȚȈȧ ȊȐ-
ȏȐȚȖȒ ȜȘȈȒȈ Ȑ ȜȘȍȕȟȍȑ DzȖȋȌȈ ț ǿȍȘȍȗȒȖȊȣȝ șțȈȘȍ — ȏȌȍșȤ
ȕȈȒȘȣȊȈȦȚ șȚȖȓ Ȍȓȧ țȎȐȕȈ ǭȡȍ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ — ȒȈȘȍȓȤșȒȖȑ ȉȍ-
Șȍȏȣ șțȗȘțȎȍșȒȖȍ ȓȖȎȍ ǩȍȓȣȑ ȔȍȌȊȍȌȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȓț ȚțȈȓȍȚ
ȘȖȏȖȊȣȍ ȌȘȈȗȐȘȖȊȒȐ — ȋȕȍȏȌȣȠȒȖ
ǵȖ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ ȌȖȔȈ șȗȐȚ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ
ǶȌȐȕȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ș ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȤȦ ǯȊȖȕȖȒ ǷȍȘȊȣȍ ȋȖșȚȐ

163
ǻdzǸǼȀǼǾȉdz ǾǮǵȈȍǿǻdzǻǶȍ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȋȖȔțȕȒțȓțș ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ǹȐȔȖȊȈ Ȑșȟȍȏ ȉȍș-
șȓȍȌȕȖ ǵȈȚȈȕȐȥȓȤ ǺȐȓȤ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚ șȍȉȧ șȗȖșȖȉȕȣȔ Ȓ ȚȘȍȏ-
ȊȖȔț ȖȉșțȎȌȍȕȐȦ șȖȏȌȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ
— DzȘȖȔȍ Țȍȉȧ Ȑ Ȕȍȕȧ, ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ Ȗȉ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș".
— ǵȐȒȚȖ ǵȍ șȟȐȚȈȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍȊȍȎȌȣ ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȊȈȌ-
ȞȈȚȤ ȚȘȐ ȋȖȌȈ ȕȈȏȈȌ ǿȍȘȕȖȊȣȍ ȖȗȣȚȣ ȅȚȖȚ ȕȈȋȓȍȞ ȗȖȓț-
ȟȐȓ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȑ țȘȖȒ ȇ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ țșȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȔȈȠȐ-
ȕț ȇ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȗȘȐȍȔȕȐȒ — ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȒȘțȎȖȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
Țȣ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ Ƕȕ șȌȍȓȈȕ Ȑȏ ȖșȖȉȖȋȖ șȗȓȈȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ
ȕȈȏȊȈȓ șȐȔȖȕȐȚȖȔ ǷȖȒȈ ȒȘțȎȖȒ Ȑȏ șȐȔȖȕȐȚȈ șȖȗȘȐȒȈșȈȍȚ-
șȧ ș ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȐȏȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȍȑ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș ȖȕȈ ȌȊȐ-
ȋȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȎȐȊȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȒȈȒ ȐȕȌȐȊȐȌțțȔ
șȖ ȊșȍȔȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȜțȕȒȞȐȧȔȐ
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȍșȓȐ șȕȧȚȤ ș ȍȍ ȘțȒȐ ȉȘȈșȓȍȚ
— DzȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜȈ DzȖȕȞȍȕȚȘȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȈȧ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȧ șȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȘȈȏȓȍȚȐȚșȧ ȊȣȏȊȈȊ ȊȏȘȣȊ ȔȖȍȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ǻȕȐȟȚȖȎȐȚȤ
ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș ȔȖȎȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ, ȊȊȍȌȧ ȍȍ șȦȌȈ Ȋ ȐȏȖȓȧȚȖȘ ȗȖș-
ȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȘȈșșȍȐȊȈȧ șȒȖȕȞȍȕȚȘȐȘȖȊȈȕȕțȦ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȦ
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ ȖȕȈ ȉțȌȍȚ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ
șȚȖ ȓȍȚ
— ǴȍȕȤȠȍ ǴȕȖȋȖ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȍȑ ȌȍȊȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ
ȓȍȚ ǵȍ ȏȈȉțȌȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȧ ȗȖșȚțȗȈȍȚ Ȋ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖȔ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ
ȖȚ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȓ ȕȈȟȈȓț ǬȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȚȘȐ ȋȖȌȈ ȕȈȏȈȌ — ȗȍȘȊȖȍ
ȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș ǺȖȋȌȈ ȍȑ ȉȣȓȖ șȖȘȖȒ ȌȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ Ǻȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ ȖȕȈ șȚȈȓȈ ȔȖȓȖȎȍ ȕȈ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȚȘȐ ȋȖȌȈ ǻȔȍȕȤȠȈȧșȤ Ȋ
ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȍ ș ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȋȖȌȖȔ ȖȕȈ ȐșȟȍȏȕȍȚ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍ-
ȊȘȈȚȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȖȊȖȘȖȎȌȍȕȕțȦ ȅȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȍȊȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ
ȓȍȚ Ȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ ȗȘȐ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȣȝ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ
— ǵȍȌțȘȕȖ ǴȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȏȈȊȐȌȖȊȈȚȤ țȟȈșȚȐ ȍȍ ȔțȎȈ ȐȓȐ
ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȒȈ
ǵȈȚȈȕȐȥȓȤ ǺȐȓȤ ȝȖȌȐȚ Ȑȏ țȋȓȈ Ȋ țȋȖȓ ȗȖ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȐ
ȞȍȗȓȧȧșȤ ȖșȚȘȣȔȐ ȕȖșȈȔȐ ȉȖȚȐȕȖȒ ȏȈ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȈ
— ǭșȓȐ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤ șȦȌȈ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȔȐȓȐȞȐȦ

— ǹȒȈȕȌȈȓ ȖȋȓȈșȒȈ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ
— ǹțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȈȧ ȕȖȟȤ ȟȍȘȚ ȍȍ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ Ǻȣ țȝȖȌȐȠȤ"
— ǬȈ ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ȧ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȦșȤ ȕȈȊȍșȚȐ șȗȘȈȊȒȐ
— ǪȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȧ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȣȊȈȦ ȕȈ Țȍȉȧ
ǩȘȖȊȐ ǵȈȚȈȕȐȥȓȧ ǺȐȓȧ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȌȊȐȋȈȦȚșȧ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȟȚȖ șȊȐ-
ȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊțȍȚ Ȗ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȕȐȐ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȧȡȍȔ Ȋ ȚȘȍȊȖȋț
— Ǫ ȒȈȒȖȔ șȔȣșȓȍ"
— Ǻȣ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȠȤ Ȕȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȒȖȕșȚȘțȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȔȈȠȐȕț. ȇ Ȕȍ-
ȟȚȈȦ Ȗ ȔȈșșȖȊȖȔ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȊȠȐȝ
ȐȕȌȐȊȐȌțțȔȖȊ Ȑ, ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣ
ȕȈ ȊȣȘȈȉȖȚȒț șȐȔȖȕȐȚȈ Ǫșȍ ȟȚȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȧ ȐșȚȘȈȚȐȓ ȕȈ
ȥȚȐ ȖȗȣȚȣ
ǵȈ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ ǺȐȓȧ ȌȊȐȋȈȦȚșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Țȍ Ȕțș-
Ȓțȓȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖ șȊȧȏȈȕȣ șȖ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȑ ȟȓȍ-
ȕȖȘȈȏȌȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȘȍȟȤȦ
— ǪȖȗȘȖș Ȗ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȒȍ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȧ-
ȚȐȧ șȊȧȏȈȕ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ș ȚȍȔȐ ȗȍȘșȗȍȒȚȐȊȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ȖȕȖ ȖȉȍȡȈȍȚ ȇ ȕȈȊȍȌț șȗȘȈȊȒȐ. ǶȚȊȍȚ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȍșȧȞ
ǹȐȔȖȊ ȗȖȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȒȈȉȓțȒȈȝ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȊȍȘȧ șȊȖȐȔ
țȠȈȔ Ȑ ȊȐȌȐȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȝȓȖȗȕțȊȠțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ, ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ
ȗȓȖȚȕȖ ȏȈȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ȔȐșȚȍȘȖȔ ǵȈȚȈȕȐȥȓȍȔ ǺȐȓȍȔ

165
ǽǼȅȀǶ ǿǹȁȅǮǷǻǼǿȀȊ
ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȏȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡȍȑșȧ ȕȈȘțȎȕȖșȚȐ ȟțȚȤ
șȚȈȘȠȍ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȓȍȚ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȍȏ ȖȠȐȉȒȐ țȏȕȈȚȤ
ȐȕȖșȚȘȈȕȞȈ șȚȖȐȚ Ȋ ȊȍșȚȐȉȦȓȍ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȐȝ ȚȍȈȚ-
ȘȖȊǵȖȟȤ ȉȍȏ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȐ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ Ȋ ȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȏȈȓȍ ȕȈ-
ȊȍȘȝț ȈȒȚȍȘȣ Ȑ ȈȒȚȘȐșȣ Ȋ ȗȘȐșȗȖșȖȉȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȖșȚȦȔȈȝ ȍȡȍ
țȗȘȈȎȕȧȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȣȎȒȈȝ ȕȈ ȏȈȋȘȖȔȖȎȌȈȦȡȍȔ ȊșȦ șȞȍȕț
șȖȖȘțȎȍȕȐȐ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡȍȔ țȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȕțȦ Ȋ șȚȖ ȘȈȏ Ȏȍȓȍȏ-
ȕțȦ ȒȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȖȎȈȘȈ. ǿȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȚȤ ȟȐȚȈ-
Țȍȓȧ șȒȈȎȍȔ șȘȈȏț ȟȚȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ — ȔȓȈȌȠȐȑ șȍȒ-
ȘȍȚȈȘȤ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ ȅȘȐȕȕȐȐ Ȋ MocȒȊȍ — ȋ ǹȚȐȉȖȘ ǩȖȕȐ. Ǫ
ȌȈȕȕțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț Ȗȕ ȎȌȍȚ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȖȌȕȖȑ Șțș-
șȒȖȑ ȒȓȈșșȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȤȍșȣ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ Ȗȕ ȎȌȍȚ ȖȌȕț ȝȖȘȖȠȖ șȓȖ-
ȎȍȕȕțȦ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ȐȔȍȦȡțȦ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȧȡȍȔț
Ȋ ȚȍȈȚȘȍ ǫ. ǹȚȐȉȖȘ ǩȖȕȕ Ȋ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȐ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ ȗȈ ȟȈșȣ Ȋ
ȠȍșȚȖȑ ȘȈȏ ȖȋȐȉȈȍȚ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ ȊȍșȚȐȉȦȓȧ ȒȘțȚȖ Ȗș-
ȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȧșȤ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȊȍȌțȡȐȝ ȕȈ șȞȍȕț Ǫ ȕȍȒȖ-
ȚȖȘțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț ȝȓȖȗȈȍȚ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ ȘțȒȈ Ȑȏ ȡȍȓȐ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȍȚ
ȍȔț ȏȈȗȐșȒț ǵȈ șȖȔȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ ȝȖȘȖ-
ȠȖ șȓȖȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȗȐȠȍȚ, ȟȚȖ ȍȍ ȔȖȋțȚ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȕȍ
ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȌȊțȝ ȟȈșȖȊ ȕȖȟȐ, ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȦ ȚȍȈȚȘȈ
ȗȘȐȠȓȐ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȋȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȔȣșȓȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ
Ȗȕ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊ ȗȖȌȍȓȐȚȤșȧ ș șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȚȍȈȚȘȈ ȗȖșȓȍ șȗȍȒ-
ȚȈȒȓȧ ǫ ǹȚȐȉȖȘ ǩȖȕȐ ȊȖȏȔțȡȍȕ Ǫ ȚȖȟȕȖ țșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ
ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ ȕȖȟȐ ȊȕȖșȧȚșȧ ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȐȧ ǬȊȍ ȉțȚȣȓȒȐ «ǨȉȘȈț
ǬȦȘșȖ» ȜȘțȒȚȣ Ȑ ȗȖȓ-ȓȐȚȘȈ ȓȐȒȍȘȈ ȖșȚȈȕțȚșȧ ȕȍȐșȗȖȓȤ-
ȏȖȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ țȎȍ Ȗ ȚȍȔȗȍȘȈȔȍȕȚȍ ȋ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȧ Ƕȕ
ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȒȘțȋ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ ȒȖȓȖȕȕ ȊȍșȚȐȉȦȓȧ
Ȑ ȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ Ȋ șȈȔȣȝ ȘȍȏȒȐȝ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȧȝ ȖșțȎȌȈȍȚ ȘțȒȖȊȖ-
ȌȐȚȍȓȧ ȚȍȈȚȘȈ Ȑ ȚȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȖȚȘȣ-
ȊȈȍȚ ȖȚ ȐȕȚȐȔȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȍȋȖ șȖȚȘțȌȕȐȞ DzȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȥȚț ȔȐ-
ȕțȚț ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȍ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȣ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ǼȈȓȌȣ ȍȋȖ ȗȐȌȎȈȒȈ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȈȉȈȎțȘȖȔ ȗȖȌȕȐ-
ȔȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈȌ ȉȘȦȒȈȔȐ ȖȉȓȍȋȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȘȈșșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ

166
ȉțȒȊȣ ȐȒș ȕȖȋȐ ǹȝȖȌșȚȊȖ ș ȕȈȏȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȉțȒȊȖȑ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȦȚ
ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȓȖȒȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȐȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȦȚ ȗȖȘȚ-
ȜȍȓȤ Ȑ ȗȖȝȖȎțȦ ȕȈ ȔȈȘȠȈȓȤșȒȐȑ Ȏȍȏȓ ȚȘȖșȚȤ ȅȚȖȚ ȔȖȓȖ-
ȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȒȘțȋȓȣȍ ȘȖȋȖȊȣȍ ȖȟȒȐ ȗȘȐȌȈȦȚ Ȋȍ-
șȤȔȈ ȖȏȈȌȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ șȉȍȋȈȍȚ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȏȈȌȍȊ ȓȖȒ-
ȚȍȔ ǹȚȐȉȖȘȈ ǩȖȕȐ ǵȈșȒȖȘȖ ȐȏȊȐȕȐȊȠȐșȤ ȊȖșȒȓȐȞȈȍȚ șȘȈ-
ȏț ȕȈ ȚȘȍȝ ȧȏȣȒȈȝ
— Ƕ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ
ǷȖȒȈ Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȚȘȧșȍȚ ȘțȒț ǹȚȐȉȖȘț ǩȖȕȐ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȊȚȖ-
ȘȖȑ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȤ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ ȅȘȐȕȕȐȐ ȕȈȗȘȧȋȈȍȚ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ Ȑ ș
ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ ȚȍȈȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȒȘȐȚȐȒȈ ș ȕȍțȌȖȉȕȖ-ȏȈȗȖ-
ȔȐȕȈȍȔȖȑ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȍȑ «Ermolai Samosadkin».
ǰȕȚȐȔȕȣȍ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ș ȝȖȘȖȠȖ șȓȖȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȖȑ
ȖȉȧȏȣȊȈȦȚ Ȓ șȈȔȣȔ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȔ ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȈȔ
— ǶȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȗȘȍȔȤȍȘȈ ǵȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȓȐ" Ǫȣ ȒțȌȈ"
ǷȘȐ Ȋșȍȑ ȉȍșȚȈȒȚȕȖșȚȐ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈ ǹȚȐȉȖȘ ǩȖȕȕ ȕȍ ȕȈȝȖ-
ȌȐȚ Ȋ șȍȉȍ șȐȓ țȒȓȖȕȐȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ Ƕȕ ȍȡȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȖȓȖȌ Ȑ
ȍȡȍ ȕȍ țșȊȖȐȓ ȗȘȐȓȐȟȍșȚȊțȦȡȐȑ ȌȐȗȓȖȔȈȚț ȚȖȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȌȍȘȎȐȚ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȍ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȦȡȐȝ ȚȈȒȚȖȔ Ǫșȍ
Ȏȍ Ȗȕ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ șȈȔȖȍ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȘțȒȖȑ Ȋ ȕȈȗȘȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȐ ȊȣȝȖȌȈ
ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȐȕ ǹȈȔȖșȈȌȒȐȕ șȘȈȏț țșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȚ
șȈȔȣȍ ȜȈȔȐȓȤȧȘȕȣȍ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ
— ǬȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȌȘțȋ ǷȖȍȌȍȔ Ȓ ǿȍȘȍȗȒȖȊȣȔ ǵȍȒȚȖ ǿȍȘȍȗ-
ȒȖȊȣ ǶȉȈȧȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ șȍȔȤȧ ǰȐȚȍȓȓȐȋȍȕȚȕȍȑȠȈȧ șȍȔȤȧ Ȋ
ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȍ ǴȈȌȈȔ Ȋȣ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ Ǵȣ ȉȣȓȐ ț ȊȈș Ȋ
ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȍ ȗȖ ȗȖȊȖȌț ȊȐȏȣ ȕț Ȋȣ ȗȖȔȕȐȚȍ Ǫșȍ ȉțȌțȚ
șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣ
ǫ ǹȚȐȉȖȘ ǩȖȕȕ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȍ ȓȐȕȐȐ ȠȍȐ ȟțȚȤ
ȖșȚȘȣȑ ȗȖȌȉȖȘȖȌȖȒ ȖȉȕȈȌȍȎȐȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ Ȑ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ
ȖȉȕȈȌȍȎȐȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȜȖȘȔȣ ȔȈȌȈȔ ǿȍȘȍȗȒȖȊȖȑ
— ǻȌȖȉȕȖ ȓȐ"
— ǹȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ȋșȍ țȌȖȉȕȖ ǷȘȐȚȖȔ, Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣ ǻȊȍȘȧȦ
ȊȈș Ȋșȍ — Ȋ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȍ
ǶȕȐ șȚȖȧȚ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȍ ȚȍȈȚȘȈ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈ ǹȚȐȉȖȘ ǩȖȕȐ șȖ-
ȉȐȘȈȍȚșȧ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ ǭȘȔȖȓȈȑ țȎȍ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȏȕȈȒ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȒȖȔț
ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȦ ș ȔȕȖȋȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȔ ȜȓȈȎȒȖȔ Ȑ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ǩȖ-
ȕȐ ȖȉȌțȔȈȓ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȖȕȐ țȎȍ șȐȌȧȚ ȕȈ ȟțȚȤ ȊȓȈȎȕȣȝ ȖȚ șȣ-

167
ȘȖșȚȐ ȒȖȎȈȕȣȝ ȗȖȌțȠȒȈȝ Ȑ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ǩȖȕȐ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȖȚ-
ȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ǹȈȔȖșȈȌȒȐȕ țȎȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȈȌȘȍș ȠȖȜȍȘț
ǨȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȤ ș ȔȕȖȋȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȔ ȜȓȈȎȒȖȔ ȗȘȖȚȧȎȕȖ ȘȧȊȒ-
ȕțȊ ȗȖȒȈȚȐȓșȧ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘȈ ȗȖ ȔȖȒȘȣȔ ȖȚ ȌȖȎȌȧ ȚȘȈȔ-
ȊȈȑȕȣȔ ȘȍȓȤșȈȔ
ǷȖȒȈ ȖȕȐ ȍȌțȚ ȗȖ ȚȐȝȐȔ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȈȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȖȚȌȈȓȐ
ȟȍșȚȤ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȍ ȉȣȚȖȗȐșȈȚȍȓȐ ǨȘȉȈȚȈ ǶșȚȖȎȍȕȒȐ ǷȘȍ-
ȟȐșȚȍȕȒȐ ȋ ǹȚȐȉȖȘ ǩȖȕȐ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ șȍȒȘȍȚȈȘȤ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ
ȅȘȐȕȕȐȐ ȔȈȓȖ șȊȍȌțȡȐȑ Ȋ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȍ ȊșȗȖȔȐ-
ȕȈȍȚ ȕȍ ȉȍȏ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȧ ȗȘȖȏȈȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȌȈȕșȐȕȋȐ ǩȍȘȓȐȕȈ
Ȑ Ǫȍȕȣ ȋȌȍ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȖȘȈȕȎȍȊȖ-ȉȈȋȘȧȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ
ȓȈȔȗ șȒȊȖȏȤ șȍȘȗȈȕȚȐȕȕȣȍ ȓȍȕȚȣ ȋȌȍ ȕȍțȒȘȖȚȐȔȣȑ ȌȎȈȏ-
ȉȈȕȌ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȐȏȓȐȠȕȐȔ ȌȐȈȓȖȋȐ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ Ȋȣ-
ȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔț ȧȏȣȒț ȕȐȎȕȐȝ Ȑ ȊȍȘȝȕȐȝ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖșȚȍȑ ǹ ȚȈ-
ȒȐȔ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȐȍȔ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȎȐȚȤ Ȋ șȗȈȘȚȈȕșȒȖȑ ǴȖ-
șȒȊȍ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌțȦȚ șȗȍȒțȓȧȕȚȖȊ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȑ ȖȚȌȈȦȚ șȊȖȐ șȚȖȓȉȞȣ ȗȘȖȏȈȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔ
șȚȈȕȞȐȧȔ Ȑ ȘȍȔȖȕȚț ȊȖȌȖȗȘȖȊȖȌȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧ ȊȕȐ-
ȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȤ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȒ ȥȒșȞȍȕȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȚȈȕ-
Ȟȣ ǴȖȓȖȌȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȉȍȏ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȈ ș ȗȘȖȋȘȈȔ-
ȔȖȑ Ȑȏ ȗȘȐȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȈȚȚȘȈȒȞȐȖȕȖȊ ȉȍȏ ȚȈȕȞȍȊ ȔȍȎȌț șȚȖ-
ȓȐȒȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȖșȊȐșȚȣȊȈȧ ȒȐȗȧȚ ȒȖȜȍȑȕȐȒȐ Ȑ șȊȍ-
ȚȧȚșȧ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔ Ȑ ȋȘȈȕȈȚȖȊȣȔ ȖȋȕȧȔȐ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ ȓȐȒȍȘȣ ǰ
ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ș ȗȖȓțȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȋ ǩȖȕȐ ȍȌȍȚ Ȋ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖ-
Ȕȣȑ ȌȖȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȋȓțȗȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȚȤșȧ
Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ ȟȈșț ȕȖȟȐ Ȋ ȖșȖȉȕȧȒ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȈ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ Ȋ ȉȐȒș ș
ȊȖȍȕȕȣȔ ȈȚȚȈȠȍ.
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤșȧ ț ȊȖȘȖȚ ȗȧȚȐȥȚȈȎ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ Ȋ ǹțȒȖȕȕȖȔ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȍ Ȗȕ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȧȊȓȧȍȚ
ǹȈȔȖșȈȌȒȐȕț ȟȚȖ Ȍȓȧ șȖȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȓȐȟȐȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖȠȓȍȚ
șȊȖȦ ȒȈȘȚȖȟȒț ȔȈȌȈȔ ǿȍȘȍȗȒȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȎȌȍȚ Ȋ ȊȍșȚȐȉȦȓȍ
ȖȚȊȍȚȈ ǹȈȔȖșȈȌȒȐȕ ȖȋȖȘȟȍȕ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ ȔȈȌȈȔ ǿȍ-
ȘȍȗȒȖȊȖȑ ȕȍȚ ȊȍșȚȐȉȦȓȧ ȕȖ ȍșȓȐ ȋ ǹȚȐȉȖȘ ǩȖȕȐ ȎȍȓȈȍȚ
șȖȉȓȦșȚȐ ȗȘȐȓȐȟȐȧ ȍȔț ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȗȖȌȖȎȌȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ
ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȗȈȘȈȌȕȣȑ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȏȈȗȍȘȚ

ȗȖȒȈ ǹȈȔȖșȈȌȒȐȕ șȉȍȋȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȣȑ ȥȚȈȎ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍ-
ȌȐȚ Ȗ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȔ ȋȖșȚȍ ǶȕȐ ȐȌțȚ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȖȉȝȖȌȧ ȓțȎȐ
ȔȐȔȖ ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȖȘȗțșȖȊ Ȑ șȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȦȚ Ȋ țȏȒțȦ ȡȍȓȤ ȗȖ-

168
ȟȚȐ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖȑ ș țȓȐȞȣ ȌȊȍȘȐ DzȘțȚȈȧ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȈȧ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȈ
Ȑ ȚțșȒȓȖ șȊȍȚȧȡȐȍșȧ ȕȈȌ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȈȔȐ ȓȈȔȗȖȟȒȐ ȖȒȖȕȟȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȔțȡȈȦȚ ȋ ǹȚȐȉȖȘȈ ǩȖȕȐ ǵȖ ǹȈȔȖșȈȌȒȐȕ ȐșȟȍȏȈȍȚ
ș ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȎȍșȚȖȔ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȗȍȘȍȗȘȣȋȐȊȈȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȌȊȍ șȚțȗȍȕȤȒȐ ǹȚȐȉȖȘ ǩȖȕȐ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȖȌȐȕ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȗȓȖ-
ȡȈȌȒȍ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȣ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ ȗȖȌțȔȣȊȈȧ Ȗ ȗȖȉȍȋȍ ǨȊȚȖȔȖ-
ȉȐȓȤ ȎȌȍȚ ț ȊȖȘȖȚ ȗȘȐȚȖȔ ȋ ǩȖȕȐ Ȋ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ ȕȍ șȖȉȐ-
ȘȈȍȚșȧ șȟȐȚȈȚȤșȧ ș ȉțȌțȡȐȔȐ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȋ ǹȈȔȖșȈȌ-
ȒȐȕȈ ǰ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȋ Țț ȔȐȕțȚț ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȠȈȋ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȋ
ȖȒȖȕȕȖȑ ȕȐȠȍ ȕȈ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȐ șȈȕȚȐȔȍȚȘȈ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ Ȗȕ ȊȐ-
ȌȐȚ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕțȦ ȚȍȕȤ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȑ ȡȍȒȍ ȘȖȊ-
ȕȖȍ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȍ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ǹȓȍȋȒȈ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȊ Ȗȕ ȡȍȓȒȈȍȚ ȏȈȎȐ-
ȋȈȓȒȖȑ Ǫ ȊșȗȣȝȕțȊȠȍȔ șȊȍȚȍ ȎȍȓȚȖȋȖ ȧȏȣȟȒȈ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȐ Ȗȕ
ȊȐȌȐȚ ȓȐȞȖ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȊȣȘȖȕȐȚȤ
ȏȈȎȐȋȈȓȒț ǵȍȗȖșȚȐȎȐȔȈȧ șȐȓȈ ȉȘȖșȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȖȟȚȐ
ȊȗȓȖȚȕțȦ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț ȓȐȞț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ Ȋ ȗȖȓțȔȘȈȒȍ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȣ
ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȍȡȍ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȍȍ Ȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȍȍ
— DzȚȖ Ȋȣ"
Ƕȕ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȧȚ ȥȚȖ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȖ-ȜȘȈȕȞțȏ-
șȒȐ,— Ȗȕ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȊȣȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ
ȧȏȣȒȍ ȖȕȈ — ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ ȍȍ țȟȐȓ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ
șȓȍȋȒȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȑ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ǵȖ Ȗȕ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȓțȟȠȍ
ȖȉȖȐȝ șȍȌȣȝ Ȑ ȓȣșȣȝ șȔȖȘȡȍȕȕȣȝ șȚȈȘȐȒȖȊ Ǫ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȔ
ȊȣȠȍȌȠȍȔ Ȑȏ ȔȖȌȣ ȉȈȘȝȈȚȕȖȔ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ș ȚȈȒȐȔȐ
ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ƞȍȍȑ Ȑ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ Ȋ șȣȘȖȑ ȕȐȠȍ
ȖȒȕȈ ǰșȒțȠȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȐȕȚȘȐȋȍ ȌȖȉȘȖȋȖ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȔȈ-
ȕȈ ȋ ǹȚȐȉȖȘ ǩȖȕȕ ȘȍȠȈȍȚ
— ǹșȖȘȈ ș ȔțȎȍȔ ǹȍȔȍȑȕȈȧ ȌȘȈȔȈ ǿȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ
șȘȈȏț ȉȘȖșȐȚȤ ȚȈȒțȦ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț Ȋ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧ Ȓ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȔț
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȕȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ" ǵȍȓȤȏȧ țȗțșȒȈȚȤ șȓțȟȈȧ
ǪȊȍȘȝț ȝȓȖȗȈȍȚ ȌȊȍȘȤ ǫțȓȒȐȍ ȠȈȋȐ ȗȖ ȎȍȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȓȍșȚ-
ȕȐȞȍ ȎȍȕșȒȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȔțȎșȒȐȍ ȋȖȓȖșȈ — ȧșȕȖ ȌȍȓȍȋȈȞȐȧ Ȓ
ȋ ǹȚȐȉȖȘț ǩȖȕȐ Ƕȕ — ȋȊȖȏȌȤ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ
ǹȚȐȉȖȘ ǩȖȕȐ Ȋ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȔ țȎȈșȍ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ Ȗ ǹȈȔȖ-
șȈȌȒȐȕȍ Ȗ ȔȈȌȈȔ ǿȍȘȍȗȒȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ș ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȚ-
ȟȈȧȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȎȈȊ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȒț țȊȓȍȒȈȍȚ ȍȍ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȊȕȐȏ
ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉȍȋȖȔ ȊȌȖȓȤ ȒȖȘȗțșȖȊ — Ȓ ȈȊȚȖ-
ȔȖȉȐȓȦ ǽȓȖȗȈȍȚ ȌȊȍȘȞȈ ȈȊȚȖȔȖȉȐȓȧ ǫ ǩȖȕȐ Ȑ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔ-

ȒȈ ȘȧȌȖȔ ȕȈ ȒȖȎȈȕȣȝ ȗȖȌțȠȒȈȝ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȍȚ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȖ-
ȋȖ țȎȈșȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȗȍȑȏȈȎ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȈ Ȑ ȈȊȚȖȔȖ-
ȉȐȓȤ Ȋ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȋȖȊȈȚȣȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȒȐ ǴȈȠȐȕȈ șȘȣ-
ȊȈȍȚșȧ ș ȔȍșȚȈ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȋ Țț ȔȐȕțȚț ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȕȈȑȌȧ ǹȚȐȉȖȘȈ
ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȍ ǹȈȔȖșȈȌȒȐȕ ǿȍȘȍȗȒȖȊ Ȑ ǮȈȒ ȇȡȍȕȒȖ Ȋȣȉȍ-
ȋȈȦȚ ȕȈ ȌȊȖȘ ǷȖȏȌȕȖ ǫȊȖȏȌȤ șțȈȘȍ ǿȍȘȍȗȒȖȊȣȝ țȚȘȈȟȍȕ

170
ǼDzǻǮ ǺǶǻȁȀǮ ǽdzǾdzǾȉǰǮ
ǩȖȘȐș ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȕ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓ șȚȘȈȕȐȞț ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓ Ȑ ȗȘȖ-
Țȧȕțȓ ȘțȒț Ȓ ȕȍȚȘȖȕțȚȖȔț șȚȈȒȈȕț ȕȈ șȚȖȓȍ ǸȣȎȍȊȖȓȖșȈȧ
ȌȍȒȖȓȤȚȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȈȧ ȌȈȔȈ ȠȍȊȍȓȧ ȕȖȏȌȘȧȔȐ ȏȈȒțșȐȊ ȋțȉț
ȗȖȌȊȐȕțȓȈ ȍȔț șȚȈȒȈȕ ș ȍȌȊȈ ȚȍȗȓȣȔ ȟȈȍȔ Ȑ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȊȗȐȓȈșȤ
ȕȖȋȚȧȔȐ Ȋ ȒȖȓȍȕȖ DzȖȘȕȈ
— ǵȍȗȖșȚȐȎȐȔȖ
DzȖȘȕ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ Ȑ ȕȈ șȍȒțȕȌț ȖȚȕȧȓ ȒȈȘȈȕȌȈȠ ȖȚ ȒȖȕ-
ȊȍȘȚȈ ȐșȗȐșȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȚȍȕȖȋȘȈȜȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȏȈȔȍȚȒȈ-
ȔȐ ȒȈșȈȦȡȐȔȐșȧ ȌȖȒȓȈȌȈ
ǰ, ȖȚȖȘȊȈȊȠȐșȤ ȖȚ șȊȖȐȝ ȏȈȗȐșȍȑ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș
ȗȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȍȔ ȕȖȊȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ
ȚȍȕȐ ȕȈ ȕȐȏȒȖȔ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȔ ȌȐȊȈȕȍ ț ȒȈȔȐȕȈ
ȅȚȖ — ȗȖȎȐȓȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȟȍșțȟȖȊȖȔ ȗȐȌȎȈȒȍ ȌȖȊȖȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȖȘȌȐȕȈȘȕȖȑ ȊȕȍȠȕȖșȚȐ — ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȊȘȈȟ. ǰȏ ȉȖȒȖ-
ȊȖȋȖ ȒȈȘȔȈȕȈ ȗȐȌȎȈȒȈ ȊȣșȖȊȣȊȈȓșȧ ȒȖȕȍȞ șȚȍȚȖșȒȖȗȈ Ȑ
ȔȖȓȖȚȖȟȍȒ Ȍȓȧ ȊȣșȚțȒȐȊȈȕȐȧ
ǹȓȍȋȒȈ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȗȕ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȘțȒț ț ȗȘȈȊȖȋȖ țȝȈ
ș ȕȍșȒȘȣȊȈȍȔȣȔ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȒȈȎȌȖȔț
șȓȖȊț ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊȈ
ǩȖȘȐș ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȌȊȈ ȋȓȖȚȒȈ Ȑ ȘȈȏȋȓȈȌȐȓ ȘțȒȖ-
ȗȐșȤ
— ǷȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȦ ǫȓȈȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȧ șȓȍȌțȧ ȉȍȓȓȍȚȘȐșȚȐ-
ȟȍșȒȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȍ ȌȖȒȓȈȌȈ ȕȈȏȖȊț
ǬȊȈȘȈȊȕȖȞȍȕȕȣȝȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȈ
ʑ ͶͶ-ˈ ʝ˕ˇˈˎˈːˋˈ ˏˋˎˋ˙ˋˋ ˆˑ˓ˑˇ˃ ʛˑ˔ˍ˅˞
ʞ˓ˑˉˋ˅˃ˡ˜ˈˆˑ ˅ ˆˑ˓ˑˇˈ ʛˑ˔ˍ˅ˈ ˒ˑ ʠ˖ˍˑː-
ːˑˏ˖ ˒ˈ˓ˈ˖ˎˍ˖ǡ ˇˑˏ ͵ǡ ˍ˅Ǥ ͳͻǡ ˇˑˍ˕ˑ˓˃ ˏˈˇˋ˙ˋ-
ː˞ ʙˑː˔˕˃ː˕ˋː˃ ʏ˓ˋ˔˕˃˓˘ˑ˅ˋ˚˃ ʠˋˏˑ˅˃ǤǤǤ
— ǷȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ

171
ǵȈȘțȠȈȧ șȚȈȚțȚ șȖȌȘțȎȍșȚȊȈ «dzȖȚȖș Ȑ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȤȕȐȒ»,
ȗȖȎȐȓȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȟȍșțȟȖȊȖȔ ȗȐȌȎȈȒȍ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȑ țȌȈȘȐȓ
ȒțȓȈȒȖȔ Ȗ șȚȖȓ
— ǷȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ
ǷȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ șȖȌȘțȎȍșȚȊȈ «dzȖȚȖș Ȑ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȤȕȐȒ» ȔȍȕȧȍȚ-
șȧ Ȋ ȓȐȞȍ ǬȍȒȖȓȤȚȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȈȧ ȌȈȔȈ ȊșȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȍȚ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ
ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ țȋȓȈȝ
— ǵȍȌȖșȚȖȑȕȣȑ ȉȘȈȚ. ǰȔȍȕȍȔ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȓȖȚȖșȈ Ȑ
ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȤȕȐȒȈ
— ǵȖ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ
ǹȌȍȘȎȈȕȕȣȑ ȠȍȓȍșȚ ȕȍȋȖȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ
— ǵȍȌȖșȚȖȑȕȣȑ ȉȘȈȚ ǷȖ șȚȈȚțȚț…
ǷȖȎȐȓȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȖȏȌȍȊ ȘțȒȐ ȗȈȌȈȍȚ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȖ ǩȖȘȐș
ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȊȣȘȊȈȕȕȣȑ Ȑȏ ȚȘȈȕșȈ ȋȘțȉȖȑ ȊȕȍȠȕȍȑ
șȐȓȖȑ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȘțȒȖȑ ȊȓȈȎȕȖȋȖ ȓȉȈ Ȑ țșȚȈȓȖ ȠȍȗȟȍȚ
— ǷȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȦ
Ǥ ǤǤˇˑˍ˕ˑ˓˃ ˏˈˇˋ˙ˋː˞ ʙˑː˔˕˃ː˕ˋː˃ ʏ˓ˋ˔˕˃˓˘ˑ-
˅ˋ˚˃ ʠˋˏˑ˅˃Ǥ
ʖ˃ˢ˅ˎˈːˋˈ
ʓ˅ˈ ːˈˇˈˎˋ ː˃ˊ˃ˇ ˑ˕ ˔ˈˆˑˇːˢ˛ːˈˆˑ ˚ˋ˔ˎ˃ ˅ ːˑ˚˟ ː˃ ȋ˔ˎˈ-
ˇ˖ˈ˕ ˚ˋ˔ˎˑȌ ˋˡˎˢ ˇˑ˔˕˃˅ˎˈːː˃ˢ ˏːˈ ˇˎˢ ˎˈ˚ˈːˋˢ ˒˃˙ˋˈː˕ˍ˃
ͳͻ ˎˈ˕ ˑ˕ ˓ˑˇ˖ ȋˏ˃ːˋˢ ˅ˈˎˋ˚ˋˢ ˋ ˠ˓ˑ˕ˑˏ˃ːˋˢȌǡ ˑ˕ˍˎˋˍ˃ˡ-
˜˃ˢ˔ˢ ː˃ ˋˏˢ ʏˏˋː˕˃ˌˑ˔ǡ ˅ˎ˃ˇˈˡ˜˃ˢ ˋ˔ˍˎˡ˚ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ ˗˓˃ː-
˙˖ˊ˔ˍˋˏ ˢˊ˞ˍˑˏǡ ˅ˑ˔˒ˑˎ˟ˊˑ˅˃˅˛ˋ˔˟ ˕ˈˏǡ ˚˕ˑ ˢ ˄˞ˎ ˅˞ˊ˅˃ː
˒ˑ ˚˃˔˕ːˑˏ˖ ˇˈˎ˖ ˋˊ ˏˑˈˆˑ ˍ˃˄ˋːˈ˕˃ǡ ˔ˍ˓˞ˎ˃˔˟ ˄ˈ˔˔ˎˈˇːˑǤ
ʡ˃ˍ ˍ˃ˍ ˖ ˑˊː˃˚ˈːːˑˌ ˒˃˙ˋˈː˕ˍˋ ːˈ ˋˏˈˈ˕˔ˢ ˅ ʛˑ˔ˍ˅ˈ ˓ˑˇ-
ː˞˘ ˋ ˄ˎˋˊˍˋ˘ ˋǡ ˕˃ˍ ˍ˃ˍ ˎˈ˚ˈːˋˈ ˋ ː˃ˇˊˑ˓ ˊ˃ ːˈˌ ˄˞ˎˋ
˒ˑ˓˖˚ˈː˞ ˏːˈǡ ˒˓ˑ˛˖ ˒˓ˋːˢ˕˟ ˏˈ˓˞ ˍ ˈˈ ˓ˑˊ˞˔ˍ˖ ˋ ˇˑ˔˕˃˅ˍˈ
˒ˑ ˏˈ˔˕˖ ˏˑˈˆˑ ˉˋ˕ˈˎ˟˔˕˅˃Ǥ ʞ˓ˋ ˔ˈˏ ˒˓ˋˎ˃ˆ˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˅˞˒ˋ˔ˍ˃ ˋˊ
ˍːˋˆˋ ˇˎˢ ˊ˃˒ˋ˔ˋ ˒˃˙ˋˈː˕ˑ˅Ǥ
ʏˏˋː˕˃ˌˑ˔ǡ ˏˈ˔˕ˑ ˓ˑˉˇˈːˋˢ ʔˆˋ˒ˈ˕ǡ ˄ˎˋˊ ʏ˄ˋˇˑ˔˃Ǥ ʒˑˇ
˓ˑˉˇˈːˋˢ ˕ˑ˚ːˑ ːˈˋˊ˅ˈ˔˕ˈːǤ ʑˑˊ˓˃˔˕ ːˈ ˄ˑˎˈˈ ͳͻ ˎˈ˕Ǥ
ʞˑˇ˒ˋ˔˟Ǥ

ǪȚȖȘȖȑ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ
ʝ˕ ʠ˕ˋ˄ˑ˓˃ ʐˑːˋ — ˆǤ ʮ˓ˑ˔ˎ˃˅˖
ʐ˖ˇ˔ˍˑˏ˖ — ːˑ˕˃˓ˋ˖˔˖Ǥ — ʞ˓˃ˆ˃Ǥ
ʞ˓ˑ˛˖ ˅˃˔ ˒ˑ˔˕˃˅ˋ˕˟ ˅ ˋˊ˅ˈ˔˕ːˑ˔˕˟ ˏˑˈˆˑ ˒ˑˍ˓ˑ˅ˋ˕ˈˎˢǡ
˚˕ˑ ˇ˅˃ ˇːˢ ː˃ˊ˃ˇ ˢ ˑ˄˓˖˚ˋˎ˔ˢ ˔ ˏ˃ˇˈˏ˖˃ˊˈˎ˟ ʏˏˋː˕ˑˌ ʗˑ˔Ǥ
ʛ˃ˇˈˏ˖˃ˊˈˎ˟ ʏˏˋː˕˃ ʗˑ˔ ˅ ː˃˔˕ˑˢ˜ˈˈ ˅˓ˈˏˢ ˅ˏˈ˔˕ˈ ˔ˑ ˏːˑˌ
˅˞ˈˊˉ˃ˈ˕ ˅ ʛˑː˕˓ˈ ȋˑ˕ˈˎ˟ «ʧˋˎ˟ˑː»ȌǤ ʑ ˕ˑˏ ˔ˎ˖˚˃ˈǡ ˈ˔ˎˋ
ˏˑˈˏ˖ ˒ˑˍ˓ˑ˅ˋ˕ˈˎˡ ˒ˑː˃ˇˑ˄ˢ˕˔ˢ ˄ˑˎˈˈ ˒ˑˇ˓ˑ˄ː˞ˈ ˇ˃ːː˞ˈǡ
ˍ˃˔˃ˡ˜ˋˈ˔ˢ ˏˑˈˌ ˉˈːˋ˕˟˄˞ǡ ˢ ˄˖ˇ˖ ˅ˈ˔˟ˏ˃ ˓˃ˇ ˒ˑ˔˅ˢ˕ˋ˕˟
ˈˆˑ ˅ ˕ˑǡ ˚˕ˑ ː˃ˌˇ˖ ˊ˃˔ˎ˖ˉˋ˅˃ˡ˜ˋˏ ˅ːˋˏ˃ːˋˢǤ
ʠ˅ˋˇˈ˕ˈˎ˟˔˕˅˖ˡ ˅˃ˏ ˔˅ˑˈ ˖˅˃ˉˈːˋˈǤ
ʠ˕ˋ˄ˑ˓ ʐˑːˋǤ
ʛˎ˃ˇ˛ˋˌ ˔ˈˍ˓ˈ˕˃˓˟ ˒ˑ˔ˑˎ˟˔˕˅˃ ʬ˓ˋːːˋˋǤ
ʝ˕ˈˎ˟ «ʧˋˎ˟ˑːǽǤ — ʛˑː˕˓ˈǤ

173
ȅdzǾdzǵ ǼDzǶǻǻǮDzȄǮȀȊ DzǻdzǷ DzdzǹǼǰǼǷ
ǾǮǵDZǼǰǼǾ ǽǼ ȀdzǹdzȂǼǻȁ
— ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȜȐȕȈȕșȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȈȠȐ ȖȗȣȚȣ
— ǷȖȟȍȔț" ǷȘȐȟȐȕȈ"
— ǺȣșȧȟȐ ȗȘȐȟȐȕ ǽȈȖș ǪȖșșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȐȕȌȐȊȐȌțț-
Ȕȣ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȚ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȌȕȖȔ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒȖȍ ȗȘȈȊȖ ǹȖȍȌȐȕȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȀȚȈȚȖȊ Ǵȣ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȔ Ȋ șȈȔȖȍ ȓȖȎȕȖȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȊȌȖȊ,
ȊȣȠȍȌȠȐȝ ȏȈȔțȎ ȕȈșȓȍȌȕȐȒȖȊ ȊȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȗȘȈȊȈ ȕȈșȓȍȌ-
șȚȊȈ Ǵȣ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȔ Ȋ ȐȌȐȖȚșȒȖȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ
ȊȘȖȌȍ ǼțȓȚȖȕȈ șȒȈȏȈȊȠȐȝ Ȍȓȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȕȖȊȖȍ șȓȖ-
ȊȖ ǺȣșȧȟȐ țșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȍȑ ȘȍȗțȚȈȞȐȐ ȗȖȓȍȚȧȚ
Ȓ ȟȍȘȚț ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȉȐȉȓȐȧ ȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ǷȘȖȘȖȒȐ Ȑ șȊȧȚȣȍ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȖȚȌȍȓȧȦȚ ȖȚ ȕȈș ȊȍȒȈ Ȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȐ
șȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȗȘȖȘȖȒȈȔȐ Ȑ șȊȧȚȣȔȐ ȔȖȋțȚ ȧȊȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ȋ
șȈȔȖȔ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖȔ ȊȐȌȍ Ǵȣ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȐȒȐ ȉțȌȍȔ Ȋ ȋȓț-
ȗȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ǿȚȖ ȉțȌțȚ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȕȈȠȐ ȌȘȈȔȈȚțȘȋȐ ȒȖȔ-
ȗȖȏȐȚȖȘȣ Ȑ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȐ ȍșȓȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȋȖȌ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ
ȀȍȒșȗȐȘ ȕȈȗȐȠȍȚ ȕȖȊțȦ ȚȘȈȋȍȌȐȦ ǩȍȚȝȖȊȍȕ ȕȖȊțȦ șȐȔȜȖ-
ȕȐȦ dzȍȖȕȈȘȌȖ ȌȈ ǪȐȕȟȐ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚ" Ǵȣ ȖȉȍșȞȍȕȐȔ
ȒȖȓȓȍȒȞȐȐ Ȕȣ ȘȈȏȊȍȕȟȈȍȔ ȒȓȈșșȐȒȖȊ ǪȈȠȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȟȚȖ
Ȋȣ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐ Ȋ șțȡȕȖșȚȐ ȉȍȏȊȘȍȌȕȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ǰȕȈȟȍ
ȉȣ ȊȈș ȘȈșȚȍȘȏȈȓȐ
— Ǻȣ ȖȚȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȠȤ"
— ǬȈ ȉȍșȗȖȊȖȘȖȚȕȖ
— ǵȖ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȋȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȐȍ".
ǨȓȓȖ?..
— ǹȚȈȕȞȐȧ ǨȓȓȖ" ǵȈș ȘȈȏȢȍȌȐȕȐȓȐ
— ǨȓȓȖ. ǹȚȈȕȞȐȧ" ǬȍȓȖȊȖȑ ȌȊȖȘ" " ǵȍ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ"
ǹȐȔȖȊ ȉȘȖșȈȍȚ ȚȘțȉȒț Ȑ ȠȈȚȈȧșȤ ȊȈȓȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȖ Ƕȕ
ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȉȊȖȌȐȚ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȖȚȓȐȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȖȔ șȚȍȕȣ
ȗȘȖȊȖȌȈ ȔȈȠȐȕț ȗȖȌ ȜțȚȓȧȘȖȔ Ȑ ș ȖȚȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȧȘȖ-
șȚȤȦ ȝȊȈȚȈȍȚșȧ ȏȈ șȚțȓ. ǸțȒȈ șȖ șȚțȓȖȔ ȏȈȕȍșȍȕȈ ȕȈȌ ȚȖȕȒȐȔ
ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȜțȚȓȧȘȖȔ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ șȚțȓ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȍȚ Ȍțȋț Ȋ
ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȓȐȓȖȊȈȧ ȔȖȓȕȐȧ țȌȈȘ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȎȎȍȕȖȑ Șȍ-
ȏȐȕȣ Ȑ ȋȘȖȝȖȚ DzȐȘȗȐȟȐ ȠȚțȒȈȚțȘȒȈ Ȑ ȖȉȓȖȔȒȐ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȣȝ

174
ȔȍȝȈȕȐȏȔȖȊ ȊȈȓȧȚșȧ ȕȈ ȓȍȎȈȡȍȋȖ ș ȘȈșȒȐȕțȚȣȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
ȕȈ ȗȖȓț ǹȐȔȖȊȈ
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Țȣșȧȟ ȒȐȓȖȔȍȚȘȖȊ Ȓ ȦȋȖ-ȏȈȗȈȌț, ț ǮȍȕȍȊș-
ȒȖȋȖ ȖȏȍȘȈ
Ǫ ǴȖȕȚȘȍ Ȋ ȠȍșȚȤȌȍșȧȚ șȍȌȤȔȖȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȖȚȍȓȧ «ȀȐ-
ȓȤȖȕ» ȕȈ ȗȖȓț — ȚȖȎȍ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȚȣȑ ȕȈȊȏȕȐȟȤ DzȈȏȐȔȐȘ
ǹȚȘȎȐȋȖȞȒȐȑ Ǫ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȘțȒȍ ȒȘțȎȖȒ Ȑȏ șȐȔȖȕȐȚȈ ș ȕȈȌȗȐ-
șȤȦ ȕȈ șȋȐȉȍ
«Dz Ǩ ǹȐȔȖȊ ».
ǷȘȐȍȔȕȐȒ ȘȈȏȘȧȎȍȕ ǨȔȐȕȚȈȑȖș Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ. ǴȈȠȐ-
ȕȈ ȊȏȖȘȊȈȓȈșȤ
ǰ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ
ȕȍ ȔȖȍ ǩȖȘȐșȈ ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊȈ Ȉ ȌȊȈ ȗȖȌȓȐȕȕȣȝ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȈ
ǪȣȘȍȏȒȐ Ȑȏ ȋȈȏȍȚ
ǷȍȘȊȈȧ
 Ǫ ȌȖȔȍ ȕȖȔȍȘ  ȗȖ ǹțȒȖȕȕȖȔț ȗȍȘȍțȓȒț Ȋ ȒȊȈȘ-
ȚȐȘȍ  ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ǹȐȔȖȊȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȍȓ ȗȖȎȈȘ ȖȚ șȖȍȌȐȕȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȖȊ ǷȖȎȈȘ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȡȍȕ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȈ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ǹȐȔȖ-
ȊȈ ȊȣȋȖȘȍȓȈ
ȅȚȖ ȖȌȕȖ Ǩ șȗțșȚȧ ȌȊȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ Ȋ ȖȚȌȍȓȍ «DzȚȖ țȔȍȘ» Ȋ
«ǪȍȟȍȘȕȍȑ ȋȈȏȍȚȍ» ȟȐȚȈȍȔ
«Dz Ǩ ǹȐȔȖȊ 56 ȓȍȚ ȗȖȊȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȟȍȘȍȗȈ»
ȇ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȋșȍ ǹȓȖȊȖ ǫțșȚȈȊț DzȖȘȕț: ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȏȊȍȕȖ ȚȈȑ-
ȕȣ ȖȗȣȚȈ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȋȖ țȟȍȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ȔȍȌȐȞȐȕȣ DzȖȕșȚȈȕ-
ȚȐȕȈ ǨȘȐșȚȈȘȝȖȊȐȟȈ ǹȐȔȖȊȈ

175
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȟȍșțȟȖȊȖȔ ȗȐȌȎȈȒȍ Ȋ ȕȍȐșȚȖȊșȚȊȍ țȌȈȘȧȍȚ Ȓț-
ȓȈȒȖȔ Ȗ ȒȘȈȑ șȚȖȓȈ
— ǷȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ ǹȓȖȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ǹȓȖȊȖ DzȖȕșȚȈȕȚȐȕț ǨȘȐș-
ȚȈȘȝȖȊȐȟț ǹȐȔȖȊț — ȌȖȒȚȖȘț ȔȍȌȐȞȐȕȣ ȗȖ șȐȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȖ-
ȎȐȊȈȦȡȍȔț Ȋ ǹțȒȖȕȕȖȔ ȗȍȘȍțȓȒȍ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ  ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȈ 
ǬȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȠȍȗȖȚ DzȖȘȕ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȒȈȘȈȕȌȈȠ ȕȈȌ Ȑș-
ȗȐșȈȕȕȣȔ ȏȈȔȍȚȒȈȔȐ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚȖȔ
ǵȍȓȤȏȧ ȗȘȖȗțșȚȐȚȤ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ ǵțȎȕȈ ȉțȔȈȋȈ Ƕȕ
ȊșȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚ ǷȐșȤȔȖ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚȈ — ȔȍșȚȖ ȌȈȓȤ-
ȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȏȈȗȐșȍȑ
— ȇ — ȌȖȒȚȖȘ DzȖȕșȚȈȕȚȐȕ ǨȘȐșȚȈȘȝȖȊȐȟ ǹȐȔȖȊ. ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȉȣȓȈ ȝȐȔȐȒȖ-ȉȈȒȚȍȘȐȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȧ ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓ
ȗȖȎȈȘ Ȋ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ ǵȖ Ȋșȍ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȒȓȦȟȈȧ ȔȖȦ șȔȍȘȚȤ
— ȒȓȍȊȍȚȈ ȇ ȉțȌț ȎȈȓȖȊȈȚȤșȧ
ǪȖȗȓȤ ǩȖȘȐșȈ ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊȈ
— dzȖȎȤ Ǩ ȗȖȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚ" Ǩ ȊȣȘȍȏȒȈ Ȑȏ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ"
«Dz Ǩ ǹȐȔȖȊ  ȓȍȚ ȗȖȊȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȟȍȘȍȗȈ»...
— Dz Ǩ ǹȐȔȖȊ — DzȐȘȐȓȓ ǨȘȐșȚȈȘȝȖȊȐȟ ȔȖȑ ȉȘȈȚ Ȑȕ-
ȎȍȕȍȘ ǮȐȓ ȕȈ ǪȖȓȝȖȕȒȍ țȔȍȘ
ǩȖȘȐș ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊ ȏȈȝȓȍȉȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȔȕȍȚ Ȑ ȒȖȔȒȈȍȚ ȘțȒȖ-
ȗȐșȤ
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȔȣșȓȤ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ ǬȖȓȖȑ ȔȖȦ ȋȐȗȖȚȍȏț ǵȖ DzȖȘȕ ǫțșȚȈȊ
DzȖȘȕ ǷȖȌȓȐȕȕȣȑ ȔȈȕțșȒȘȐȗȚ ǯȈȗȐșȒȐ DzȈȏȐȔȐȘȈ ǹȚȘȎȐ-
ȋȖȞȒȖȋȖ
ǫțșȚȈȊ DzȖȘȕ ȌȍȘȎȐȚ Ȋ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȐȝ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȝ ȓȐșȚ ȉțȔȈȋȐ —
ȗȐșȤȔȖ ǹȍȊȍȘȖȥȒșȗȖȘȚȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȉȈȕȒȈ ǷȖȒȈ Ȋșȍ
ȊȏȖȘȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȣ ȕȈ ǹȐȔȖȊȈ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȟȍșȒȐ
ȗȍȘȍȟȐȚȣȊȈȓȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȘȖȒ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȣȝ ȕȈ ȔȈȠȐȕȒȍ
Ȑ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȔȣșȓȤ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȥȚȐ șȚȘȖȒȐ ȗȐșȤȔȖ țȗȈȓȖ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ
ȘțȒ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȈȧ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȊȈȚȈȧ ȉȓȍȌȕȖșȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȚȍȔȕȍȊȠȍȔ ȓȐ-
Ȟȍ Ȗȕ ȠȈȚȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȚȍȘȧȧ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȗȈȌȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȘțȒȐ ȌȍȒȖȓȤ-
ȚȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȌȈȔȣ
ǩȖȘȐș ǷȐȘȈȔȐȌȖȊ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȖȒȘȣȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȖȑ
ȝȊȈȚȈȍȚ ȊȣȗȈȊȠȐȑ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒ ȓȐșȚ Ȑ ȟȐȚȈȍȚ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȏȊȖȕȒȐȔ
ȗȖȚȖȔ ȗȈȌȈȦȡȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȎȍșȚȖȒȈȧ
ȚȐȠȐȕȈ

«ʠˈ˅ˈ˓ˑˠˍ˔˒ˑ˓˕ː˞ˌ ˍˑˏˏˈ˓˚ˈ˔ˍˋˌ ˄˃ːˍ ˋˏˈˈ˕ ˔˅ˈˇˈːˋˢǡ
˚˕ˑ ˅ ˅˃˛ˈˏ ˓˃˔˒ˑ˓ˢˉˈːˋˋ ː˃˘ˑˇˋ˕˔ˢ ˑ˄ː˃˓˖ˉˈːː˞ˌ ˅˃ˏˋ ˅
˔ˈˌ˗ˈ ʹͶ-ͳͶ ˏ˃ː˖˔ˍ˓ˋ˒˕ “ʞˑˇˎˋːː˞ˈ ˊ˃˒ˋ˔ˍˋ ʙ˃ˊˋˏˋ˓˃
ʠ˕˓ˉˋˆˑ˙ˍˑˆˑ”Ǥ
ʜ˃ˊ˅˃ːː˞ˌ ˏ˃ː˖˔ˍ˓ˋ˒˕ ˒˓ˋː˃ˇˎˈˉˋ˕ ˒˓ˈˉːˈˏ˖ ˅ˎ˃ˇˈˎ˟-
˙˖ ˔ˈˌ˗˃ ͸ͺ-ͷͺ, ˃ˍ˙ˋˑːˈ˓ːˑˌ ˍˑˏ˒˃ːˋˋ “ʒˈˎˋˑ˔-˗ˋˎ˟ˏ”, ˋ ˒˓ˈˇ-
˔˕˃˅ˎˢˈ˕ ˔ˑ˄ˑˌ ː˃˄˓ˑ˔ˍˋ ˍ ˔˙ˈː˃˓ˋˡ ˑ˚ˈ˓ˈˇːˑˌ ˒ˑ˔˕˃ːˑ˅ˍˋ
“ʒˈˎˋˑ˔-˗ˋˎ˟ˏdz ˒ˑˇ ː˃ˊ˅˃ːˋˈˏ “ʏˏˋː˕˃ˌˑ˔”. ʑ˔ˈ ˒˓˃˅˃ ː˃ ˑˊ-
ː˃˚ˈːː˞ˌ ˔ˡˉˈ˕ ˒˓ˋː˃ˇˎˈˉ˃˕ ˃ˍ˙ˋˑːˈ˓ːˑˌ ˍˑˏ˒˃ːˋˋ “ʒˈ-
ˎˋˑ˔-˗ˋˎ˟ˏ”»Ǥ

ǽȞȖșȜȔȓțȖȓ
ǶȕȒȎȠȓșȪȟȘȜȓ ȝȞȓȒȖȟșȜȐȖȓ
Ș ȝȓȞȐȜȚȡ ȖȕȒȎțȖȬ

Ǫȣȗțȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȐȏȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ © ǷțȟȐȕȈª ȒȐȕȖ-ȘȖȔȈȕ dz
ǵȐȒțȓȐȕȈ ©ǵȐȒȈȒȐȝ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖșȚȍȑª ȐȔȍȓ ȞȍȓȤȦ ȗȘȐȉȓȐ-
ȏȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȒȓȈșșȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȍ ȈȊȈȕȚȦȘȕȖȋȖ ȘȖȔȈȕȈ Ǫ ȐȌȍȖ-
ȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȐ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȔȖȕȖȓȐȚȕȣȔ ȞȍȓȤȕȣȔ
ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȣȔ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȘȖȔȈȕȚȐȒȖȑ ǷȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȍȔȣȑ
ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȦ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȧ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȘȖȔȈȕ ȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ — ȟȐșȚȈȧ
ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȒȈ Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȘȐȔȍȠȈȕ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚ ȗȖȓȐ-
ȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ șȈȚȐȘȣ Ȑ șȈȚȐȘȣ ȕȘȈȊȖȊ ǼȈȕȚȈȏȐȧ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ șȚȘȖȐȚ
șȦȎȍȚ ȏȐȋȏȈȋȈȔȐ ȓȖȔȈȍȚ ȜȈȉțȓț ȔȐșȚȐȜȐȞȐȘțȍȚ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȧ
ȊȗȓȖȚȤ ȌȖ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȒȐ ȋȌȍ ȈȊȚȖȘ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȔ ȚȘȦȒȖȔ ȘȈȏ-
ȉȐȊȈȍȚ Ȋșȍ șȓȖȎȕȖȍ ȗȖșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ ȜȈȉțȓȣ Ȑ ȘȈȏȘȍȏȈȍȚ țȏȍȓ
ȐȕȚȘȐȋȐ ǰ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȕȍțȌȍȘȎȐȔȣȑ ȗȖȓȍȚ ȜȈȕ-
ȚȈȏȐȐ ȘȖȔȈȕ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȍȚ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ǷșȍȊȌȖ-țȟȍȕȣȑ șȈ-
ȔȖȘȍȒȓȈȔȐșȚ DzȖȘȕ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȖȚ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȖȚ ȔȈșș Ȑ ȋȖȕȧȦ-
ȡȐȑșȧ ȏȈ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȖȔ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȈȊȈȕȚȦȘȐșȚ ǼȍȘȌȐȕȈȕȌ
ǷȈȘȐșȐ ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȐȍ ȔȐșȚȐȒȐ ȥșȚȍȚȣ șȖȉȐȘȈȦȡȐȍșȧ Ȋ Ȕț-
ȏȣȒȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȠȒȖȓȍ Ȋ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ – ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȊȚȖȘȖȔ
ȋȖȌț Ȋ ȔȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ șȖȌȘțȎȍșȚȊȍ ©dzȖȚȖș Ȑ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȤȕȐȒª —
ȊȏȧȚȣ Ȋ ȘȈȏȘȍȏȍ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ șȈȚȐȘȣ ǩțȜȍȘȕȖȍ ȋȖșțȌȈȘ-
șȚȊȖ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȐȋȘȈȦȚ ȒȈȒ ȔȧȟȖȔ ȗȖșȓȣ ȒȘțȗȕȣȝ
ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊ-ȝȐȡȕȐȒȖȊ ȅȘȐȚȘȍȧ ș ȍȍ ȈȊȈȕȚȦȘȐșȚȈȔȐ- ȌȐȒ-
ȚȈȚȖȘȈȔȐ Ȑ ȐȋȘțȠȍȟȕȣȔȐ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȤșȒȐȔȐ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȘȖȚȈȔȐ —
șȈȚȐȘȈ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ǬȈȎȍ ©șȊȍȘȝȢȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍª Ȋ ȘȖȔȈ-
ȕȍ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȖ ȈȊȚȖȘȖȔ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȜȐȕȈȓȍ ȓȍȋȒȖȊȍȘȕȣȑ
ȗȖȌȈȚȓȐȊȣȑ ȕȈ «șȊȍȘȝȢȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ» ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ-
șȧ ȊȣȠțȟȍȕȕȣȔ Ȑ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ȖȉȔȈȕțȚȣȔ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȧȝ
ǪȣȗțșȒȈȧ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡțȦ ȒȕȐȋț ȐȏȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȐȔȍȍȚ Ȋ ȊȐȌț
ȌȈȚȤ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȧȔ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȘȖȔȈȕ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȘȈȏ-
ȉȐȘȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ Ȋ șȓȖȎȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔȈȝ șȍȋȖȌȕȧȠȕȍȋȖ Ȍȕȧ Ȑ
ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȥȚȖȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖȑ ȜȖȘ-
ȔȖȑ

ǺȍȒșȚȣ ȘȖȔȈȕȈ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȐșȓȖȊȐȧ ȗțȉȓȐȒțȦȚșȧ ȗȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȔț ȐȏȌȈȕȐȦ
(dz ǷțȟȐȕȈ 
 ș ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȘȧȌȈ țșȚȈȘȍȊȠȐȝ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȍȑ
ȖȘȜȖȋȘȈȜȐȐ Ȑ ȗțȕȒȚțȈȞȐȐ Ǫ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ țȕȐȜȐȞȐȘȖȊȈȕȣ
ȐȔȍȕȈ Ȑ ȌȈȚȣ ȚȈȒ ȗȖ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖșȚȐ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ ȐȓȐ ȕȈȉȖȘȡȐȒȖȊ ȊȔȍ-
șȚȖ ©DzȈȏȐȔȐȘª șȚȖȐȚ ©ǹȚȈȕȐșȓȈȊª ȗȍȘȍȗțȚȈȕȈ ȌȈȚȈ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȘȖȚȈ Ȋ
ȅȘȐȚȘȍȍ ǹȈȔȖșȈȌȒȐȕ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ȕȈȏȊȈȕ ©dzȐȈȕȖȊȣȔª Ȑ Ț Ȍ

ǹȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȜȘȈȏȣ ȕȈȉȘȈȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȍ ș ȘȈȏȘȧȌȒȖȑ Ȍȓȧ țȌȖȉșȚ-
ȊȈ ȟȚȍȕȐȧ ȌȈȕȣ ȒțȘșȐȊȖȔ
Ǫ ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȐ ȖȉȓȖȎȒȐ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȈ ȖȉȓȖȎȒȈ ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧ
ȘȖȔȈȕȈ ȊȣȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ Ȋ  Ȋ ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȖȔ ȐȏȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȍ ©ǴȖȓȖȌȈȧ
ȋȊȈȘȌȐȧª ȗȖȌ ȏȈȋȓȈȊȐȍȔ ©ǷȘȖȌȈȊȞȣ ȚȈȑȕª