Текст
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Me)E,.Qnepau.HOHHbIe Ha}<omneJIH, u.eXOBble H yqaCTIWBhle CKJIa,!{bI, a TaK>Ke CKJIa,!{bI rH6KHX aBTOMaTH3HpOl!aHHbIX npQH3BO,!{CTB. lJ,eJIb C03,!{aHHH npOH3bO,!{CTBeHHO-TeXHOJIOrHIJeCKHX CKJIa- ,!{OB COCTOHT B TOM, IJT06bl KOMneHCl1pOBaTb HepaBHOMepHOCTH npOH3BO,!{CTBeHHbIX U.HKJIOB H pHTMa npOH3BO,!{CTBa Ha pa3- JIHIJHblX YIJaCTKaX H B uexax npe,!{npHHTHH TaKHe CKJIa):tbl C03):taIOTCH B Tex MeCTax, r,!{e napaMeTpbI rpY30florOKa, BbI- XO,!{HllJ,erO G O,!{Horo npOH3BO,!{CTBeHHoro YIJaCTKa, He COOT- BeTCTBYIOT napaMeTpaM rpY30nOTOKa, KOTOpbIH .u.OJI>KeH BXO- .nHTb Ha CJIe,!{YlOllI.HH npOH3Bo.u.CTBeHHbIH YIJaCTOK, no nOCJIe- .nOBaTeJIbHOCTH TeXHOnOrHIJeCKOrO UHKJIa npOH3BO,!{CTBa. Ta- KHM 06pa30M, npOH3BO,!{CTBeHHbIe CKJIa,!{bl TeCHO CBH3aHbl C OCHOBHbIMH TeXHOJIOmIJeCKHMH npOu.eccaMH npOH3BO)J.CTBa II caMH CYllJ,eCTBeHHO BJ1HHIOT Ha HX npOTeKaHHe H eK- q-HBHOCTb. Oc06eHHOCTHMH npOH3BO,!{CTBeHHbIX CKJIa)],OB, K KOTOpblM OTHOCHTCH CKJIa,!{bI r AnC, HBJIHIOTCH cpaBHHTeJIbHO He60JIb- lime CpOKH H 3anaCbI xpaHeHHH rpY30B ()],o 2-3 GYT); B03- MO>KHOCTb npH6bITHH H OTnpaBJIeHHH rpY30B He60JIbllIHMH napTH HMH, C He60JIbllIHMH HHTepBaJIaMH no BpeMeHH HJIH .name HenpepbIBHblM nOTOKOM (HanpHMep, Ha KOHBeHepe); 3a- BHCHMOCTb rpY30nOTOKOB He CTonbKO OT oc06eHHOCTeH pa60ThI q-paHcnopTa, CKOJIbKO OT npOH3BO)],CTBeHHOH 06CTaHOBKHj pHTMHIJHOCTb rpY30nOTOKOB, OTCYTCTBHe 6oJIbllIOH HX HepaB- HOMepHOCTH (no cpaBHeHHIO co CKJIa.naMH, CBH3aHHbIMH C pa- 60TO" MamCTpaJIbHOrO TpaHcnopTa). 31H oc06eHHOCTH, HapH)],Y co cneUl1qmKoH rH6KHX npOHS- BO)],CTBeHHbIX CI1CTeM, OKa3bIBalOT BJIHHHHe Ha 06llJ,YIO TeXHH- IJeCKYIO OCHallJ,eHHOCTb, 060PY,!{OBaHHe H TeXHOJIOrHlO pa60TbI CKJIa)],OB r AnC BBH,!{Y TeCHbIX CBH3eH 6 OCHOBHbIM TeXHOJIOmIJeCKHM npo- lIeCCOM npOH3BO,!{CTBeHHbIe CKJIa,!{bI 06bIIJHO pacnonaralOTCH B npOH3BO,!{CTBeHHbIX Kopnycax, n06JIH30CTH OT 'feXHOJIOrH- lIeCKoro 060PY)],OBaHHH O)],HaKO HMelOTCH nOJIO>KHTeJIbHbI6 npHMepbI pacnOJIOmeHHH npOH3BO,!{CTBeHHbIX CKJIa.nOB B OT- nenbHbIX u.exax HJIH B OT)],eJIbHO CTOHIU.HX a.naHHHX (HanpH- Mep, u.eHTpaJIbHbIe KOMnJIeKTOBOIIHbIe eKJIa.nbI, CKna,!{bl 3an- lIaCTeH H KOMnJIeKTYIOIU.HX H3,!{eJIHH €06CTBeHHoro H3rOlOB- JIeHHH U T. .n.). npOH3Bo.nGTBeHHbIe CKJIa.nbI no CBoeMY 'feXHHqeGKOMY OCHallJ,eHHIO 06bIIJHO npe.nCTaBJlHI01' '060H CKJIa,!{bI. OGHallJ,eH- HhIe BbICOKonpOH3Bo.nHTeJIbHbIM o60Py,!{oBaHHeM. G He60JIb- IIIHMH 3anacaMH rpY30B H BbICOKOH HX 060paIJHBaeMOOI bIO. 24
C YlIeTOM TaKHX YCJIOBHH ,llJHI npOH3BO,llCTBeHHbIX CKJl3)\OB tJaCTO ueJIeC006pa3HbIM 6bIBaeT npHMeHeHHe nO,llBHjI{HbIX CH- CTeM CKJIa,llHpOBaHHH' KOHBeHepHbIX, UHPKYJHIUHOHHbIX CKJIa- )tOB Ha OCHOBe npHMeHeHHH nO,llBeCHbIX TOJIKalOw.HX KOH- BeJiepoB, JIIOJIetJHbIX 3JIeBaTOpOB (3JIeBaTOpHble CTeJIJI3mH), KOJIbueBbIX TeJIe)KellHbIX ropH30HT3JlbHO 33MKHYTbIX H no,ll- BeCHbIX rpY30HeCYllI.HX KOHBei-iepoB H T. ,ll. npOH3BO,llCTBeHHbIe YlI3CTKH He MorYT ycneulHo p360TaTb 6e3 TeXHOJIOmtJeCKHX CKJIa,llOB, TaK KaK nOJIYlIalOT C HHX S3rOTOBKH, a rOTOBbIe ,lleTaJIH HJIH nOJIy<paOpHKaTbI TaK)Ke HanpaBJIHIOT C 3THX YtJaCTKOB H3 CKJI3,llbI. H3 CKJIa,ll3X Be- .AeTCH YlieT npHObITHH, OTnpaBJIeHHH H H3JIHlIHH rpy 30B. Ha OCHOBaHHH 3TOH HH<pOpM3UHH MO)KeT ocyw.ecTBJIHTbCH nepcneKTHBHoe H onepaTHBHoe nJI3HHpOBaHHe npOH3BO,ll- CTBeHHoro npouecca. n03TOMY TeXHOJIOmlieCKHe CKJIa,llbI SlBJIHIOTCH He BcnOMOraTeJIbHbIMH coopY)KeHHHMH Ha YliaCT- Kax H B uexax, a cnoc06CTBYIOT BbInOJIHeHHIO Ba)KHeHUJHX YHKUHJi opraHH3aUHH H nJIaHHpOBaHHH npOH3BO,llCTBa npH 3TOM TeXHOJIOrHH OLlIOBlloro npOll3BOJlCTBa HaKJJa- .AbIBaeT orpallllllCllllSl 113 Xdpahle!H!CIIII<l1 MdlCplJ3JIOB H 3a- fOTOBOK, K010phIC IIO.LldIOICH co CKJla,ll3 K TeXHOJIOrHtJeCKOMY arperalY, KaK B OTHoweHHH <pH3HlIeCKoro HX COCTOHHHlI (!}>OPMbI, pa3MepOB H T ,ll), TaK H B OTHoweHHH BpeMeHH BbI.!l.atJH napTHH 3arOTOBOK H BeJlHlIHHbI napTHH TaKHM 06pa- 30M, Ha CKJIa,ll B03JIaraeTCH ,llonOJIHHTeJIbHaSl !}>YHKUH5I- nO,llrOTOBKa AeTaJIeH, MaTepHaJIOB, 3arOTOBOK HaHJIYlIwHM 06pa30M K OCHOBHOMY TeXHOJIOrHlIeCKOMY npoueccy TeXHHtJeCKoe OCHalll.eHHe H TeXHOJIOrHH paOOT Ha npOHS- BOACTBeHHO-TeXHOJIOmtJeCKHX CKJIaAaX, B TOM lIHCJIe Ha CKJIa- Aax fAnc, paccMoTpeHbI B fJIaBaX 9 H 10. 2 J KJIACCH([>IIKAIJ,H51 CKJIA.LI.OB CKJIa,llhl, HMelOllI.HeCH B oow.eJi CHCTeMe CKJIa,llCKOrO XO- 351 HCTBa CTpaHbI, BBH,llY CBoero OOJIbWOrO pa3HOOOpa3HlI MorYT 6bITb KJIaCCH!}>HUHpOBaHbI no MHomM npH3HaKaM: P0,llY rpY30B, Ha3HatJeHHIO, BeAOMCTBeHHOH nOAtJHHeHHOCTH, BeJIHtJHHe rPY30000POTOB, cpOKaM xpaHeHHSI H tJHCJJY HaHMe- HOBaHHR CKJIaAHPyeMbIx rpY30B, TeXHOJIOrHH CKJIaAHpOBa- HHH, xapaKTepy nO,llrOTOBKH rpYSOB K BhlAatJe H BeJIHqHHe BbIAaBaeMbIX napTHH, ypOBHIO MexaHHsaUHH H aBTOMaTH3a- UHH pa60T, xapaKTepy CTpOHTeJIbHOJi qaCTH, npHMeHHeMOMY o6oPYAoBaHHIO H T. lJ.. 25
T a 6 JI H (( a 2 I KJlaCcHtflHKa .1I C1UIaAOB no roAOBOMY rp)'3onoToKY (fWC. TIm.) CKJI 8AY CKJl8):\bI "PO- MbillIneHHblX npep.npHIiTHA I nepeaaJlO'IRllle CKJl8,I\CKKe 689h! CKJl8,I\hI B uecnx o6Il\ero nOJlb90BaRHR .lI.o 10 I )].0 100 1O-5(} 100-500 50-200 H 6o.,'Iee 500-1000 MeJIKHe Cpe)l.HHe KpynHble )].0 1-5 )].0 25 CB 25 KJIaccHClmKaluul CKJIa)J.oB nOMoraeT pa3pa6aTbIBaTb peKo- MeH)J.aUHH no BbI60PY HaH()onee 3<fxt>eKTHBHbIX BapHaHTo8 TeXHHqeCKHX pellleHflH no CKJlaJ{aM no tPH3H'IeCKoMY COCTOH- BHIO xpaHHIUHxcH H nepepa6aTbIBaeMbIx rpY30B cKna)J.bI )J.e- JlHTCH Ha CKJla)J.bI cbmY'IHx. llITY'IHbIX, >KH)J.KHX H ra3006pa3- HbIX rpY30B no cppaKUHOHHOMY cocTaBY xpaHHIUHXCH rpy- 30B CKJIa)J.bI CbmY'lHX rpY30B MorYT ()bITb )J.aJIee pa3)J.eJIeHbl Ha CKJI3)J.bI KpymWKYCKOBbIX, Me.rrKOKYCKOBbIX, KpynHo- H MeJlK03epHHCTbIX, nopOillKo06p33HblX H nblJleBH)J.HblX rpy- 3OB, a no CbInY'leCTH rpY30B - Ha CKJIa)J.bI XOpOillO cbInyqH x, BH3KHX Ii nJlaCTH'IHbIX rpY30B no xapaKTepHCTHKe rpY308 CKJIa)J.bI illTY'IHbIX rpY30B MomHO KJlaCCHcpHUHpOBaTb Ha CKJla)J.bl TapHo-mTY'lHbIX rpY30B, KOHTeHHepOB, )J.JIHHHOMep- HbIX H KpynHora()apHTHbIX rpY30B CKJIa)J,bI npOMbllllJIeHHbJX npe)J.npHHTHH ueJIeCOOOpa3HO )J,aJIee KnaCCHcpHUHpOBaTb Ha CKna)J.bI npH6bITHH (MaTepHa- nOB, KOMnneKTYIOIUHX H3)J.enHSI), npOMemYTO'lHbIe npOH3BO)J.- CTBeHHbIe CKna)J.bI (3arOTOBOK, nonycpa6pHK8TOB, HHCTpYMeH- TOB, TeXHonom'leCKOM OCHaCTKH) H CKJIa)J.bl OTnpaBJleHHSI (rOTOBOH npo)J.YKUHH) CKJIa)J.bI r An-yqaCTKOB OTHOCHTCH K npOMemYTO'lHblM npOH3BO)J.CTBeHHbIM CKJlaJ{aM. EnH TP" OCHOBHbIX THna CKJIa)J.OB npOMbIillJleHHbIX npe)J.I1pHSlTHH pac- CMOTpeHbI B nn 2 2-2 4 KnaccRcpRKaUHH CKJJa)J.OB no BeJIH'IHHe nepepaoaTbIBde- MbIX rpY30noToKoB npHBe)J.eHa B Ta6JJ 2 1 no cpokaM xpa- HeHHH rpY30B CKJJa)J.bI MorYT 6hITb KJlaccHqH1UHpOBaHbl Ha CJ1e)J.YIOIUIie ceMb rpynn- CKJJa)J.bI Henocpe)J.CTBeHHOH nepe- rpY3KH rpY30B (CpOK xpaHeHHH T xp = 0); CKJla)J.bI BpeMeH Horo xpaHeHIiSl (0 < TJ<p -< 5 CYT); CKJJa)J.hl KpaTKOCpO'lrrOro XpaHeHJ.fH rpY30B (CpOK xpaHeHHH rpY30B 5 < "rx: -< -< 20 CYT); CKJIa)J.bI co cpe)J.HHMH cpoKaMH xpaHeHH5I (20 < < 'tx:p -< 40 CYT); CKJla)J.bI ) mJTeJlbHOrO xpaneIlHH (40 < < 't yP -< 90 CYT); CKJJaJlhl BeCbM8 )J.OJIfocpO'lHOrO xpaHeHHH (90 < 't xp <:: 365 CYT); CKJIall.bI MHOrOJleTlIero xpaHeHIul (t xp > 365 CY1). 26
Ba1KHblM 11pH3HaKOM KJ:I8CCH4>HK3U,HH CKJ1a,nOB gB 15!eTCH BenH1IHHa nOplJ,HR npH6 THH H OTnpaBneHHH rpY30B Pa Mepbl B .naBaeMbIX nopUHH rpY30B MorYT pe3KO KoneoaTbCH )J.8>Re Ha O,nHOM H TOM >Ke CKna.ne llnSi CKJla.na XpdHCHHH cpaBHHTCJlbHO MeJlKflX IfJ1H nerKOBCCHbIX rpYomo MOm!iO ycnoBHo pa3.neJlHTb nopUHH B .na1IH rpY30B Ha MenKHe (.nO 5-10 Kr), cpe.nHHe (l0-50 Kr), Kpymfble (50-300 Kr) H BeCbMa KpynHbIe (cBbIIIle 300 Kr H .no HeCKOJlbKHX TOHH) Ha CKJla.nax 60nee KpynHbIx, THmem,rx H MaCCOBblX rpY30B, ecTeCTBeHHO, Macca napTHH rpY30B 6YJI.eT 6oJlbwe, COOTBeT- CTBeHHO .no 100, 100-500, 500-1000 Kr Ii CBbIwe 1000 Kr .no HeCKonbKHX .neCHTKOB TOHH lI.JIH HeKOTopbIX BH.nOB rpY30B u'e.necoo6pa3Ho nopUHH npHeMa If BbI.na1IH H3MepSlTb He B e.nH- HHlJ,aX MaCCbl, a II llITYKax (HanpHMep, 50 .neTaneR HJIII 3aro- TOBOK, .nBa-TpH nOMOHa C rpY30M H T .n). Donee TOqH M B MeTo.nonorHtJeCKOM OTHoweHHH HBJlHeTCH cOH3MepeHHe nopUHH npHeMa H BbI.na1IH rpY30B co CKJIa.nOB IIlTYlIHblX rpY30B C BMeCTHMOCTblO IIOMOHOB, B KOTOpblX rpY3bI xpauHTcH lIa CKJIaJJ1X Do Konli4eclny 1I(lIIMl'II(]Ballll I e)lIIIlOBpC ICHIIO CKna.nH- pyeMbIx rpY30B (KJl<J)(bI T11PIIO-llJfY4HbIX rpY30B MO)J{HO Knac- CH(j:mUHpoBBTb Ha .nBa 60JlbWHX KJIaCCa CKJIa.nbI O.nHOTHIlHbIX rpY30B (c 1IHCJIOM HaHMelIOBaHHH .no 100) H MHorOHOMeHKna. rrypHbIe CKna.nbI (c 1IHCJlOM HaHMeIlOBaHHH rpY30B B He- CKOJIbKO COT HJIH TbICSl4) 4HCJJO uaHMCHOBaHHH rpY30B cy- llI.ecTBeHHo BJJHHeT Ha BbI60p cIloc06a HX xpaHeHH5!: Ha MHO- rOIIOMeHKJJaTYPHbIX CKna.nax npHMeHfJeTCSl pH.nHoe xpaHeHHt (B KJ1eTOtlHbIX CTeJInamax); Ha CKJIa;(aX o.nHOTHnHbIX rpy- 30B - 6nOtlHOe xpaHeHHe (B wTa6eJJ5IX HJJH B CTeJInamaX C MHorOMecTHblMH SltleHKaMIi) CKnaJI.bI CbWY4HX rpY30B lc.nBCCl1(jH111IlPYIOTC5I lIa CK.'1a.nbl C OJ(HIIM 11 C IIPCKOJlhl{lfMl1 (OOhll/HO )(0 ;>-6) II H1MeIJOBaHl HMM rpy JOB Iia (" 1111)111\ C IICCIWJlbKHMII HBIIMCIIOBaHH5!MH cblny- 1IIiX rpY30B IIpe.LlycMarpHBBIoTCfI OT.nenbHbIe wTa6e.nH HJJH J1pyrHe eMKOCTH (38KpOM8, 6YHKepa, CHJJOCbI H T )I.) .nnll pB3HbIX HaHMepoB3HHH rpY30B HJIH B 06 eM WTa6eJIe YCTa- HaBnHBalOTCSl pa3.nenHTeJIbHble C1eHKM, or.neJIHIO He OTceKH .nJJSl xpaHeHHSl pa3HbIx rpY30B Do BbICOTe xpaHeHHSl rpY30B CJIe.nYeT pa3JJH1IaTb TPH OCHOBHblX rpYIIIIbI 0.nH03TamHbIX CKna.nOB: HH3KHe - C no- JIe3HOH BbICOTOH 30HbI CKJJa.nHpoBaHHH .110 5 M; Cpe)lHHe- C nOJJe3HOH BbICOTOH 30HbI cKna.nHpoB8HHSl OT 5 .no 8 M; BbiCOTHbIe - C B COTOH 30HbI CKJIa/lHpOBaHHH rpY30B CB we 8 M. CTpOHTeJJbCTBO MlIor03TamHbIX CKJJa.nOB He 27
peVOMeH.nyeTcH, Ii n03TOMY 3.neCb OHH He paCCMaTpH- B3IOTCH. no YPOBHIO MexaHH3au.RH H aBTOMaTH3au.RR CKJIa)).bl )).e. JIRTCR HB 5 TRnOB: HeMexaHR3HpOBaHHble, MexaHH3HpOBaH- HbIe, BhlCOKOMexaHH3HpOBaHHbIe, aBTOM3TH3RpOBaHHbIe H aB- IfOM3nltJeCKMe B HeMeX8HH3HpOBaHHbIX CKJI8)).ax npHMeHHeTCH pyqHOH 'fpy)). npH neperpY3K8X, nepeMew.eHHHX H CKJIa)).MpOB8HMH rpY30B; B MexaHH3HpOBaHHbIX -- Cpe.nCTBa MexaHR3au.MH C pytJHbIM ynpaBJIe[-meM Ha OCHOBHbIX onepau.MHX nepeMew.e- HUH H CKJIa)).HpOBaHHH rpY30B H OT)).eJIbHble pytJHbIe onepa- II.HR; B BbICOKOMeX8HH3HpOBaHHbIX -- cpe)).CTBa MexaHH3au.IUf c pYQHhlM ynp8BJIeHReM Ha Onepau.RHX CKJIa.nHpOB8HHH, nepe- Mew.eHHH, norpY3KM H BblrpY3KH npR OTCYTCTBHM pytJHbIX paOOT H3 3TMX onepau.RHX. B 8BTOM8TH3RpOBaHHbIX CKJI8)).ax npRMeHHIOTCH nOJIY- 8BTOMaTHtIeCKHe MeXaHR3MbI C BBO)).OM KOMaH)). Ha KJIaBMaType HnM nep4><>K8pTaMH H8 onepau.HHX nepeMew.eHRH HJIH CKna- ARpOBaHHH rpY30B. B 8BTOMaTMtJeCKHX CKJIa)).ax Bce paooThI npoR3Bo.nHTCH c npHMeHeHHeM aBTOMaTHtJecKRX MexaHR3MoB, ynpaBnReMbIx 3BM B peaJIbHOM MacIllTa6e BpeMeHH, npR'IeM KOMaH.n6I OT 3BM BBO.nHTCH TaK>Ke 8BTOMaTMtJeCKH no Ka. HanaM CBH3M no reXHOJIOfHH p860TbI CKJIa)).bI MorYT 6bITb pa3)).eJIeHbI H3 KOMuneKTOBOtJHbIe M CKna)).bI C naKeTHOH nepepa60TKOH rpy- 30B; no BH)).y CKJIa.nHpOBaHMH -- Ha IllTa6eJIbHbIe R CTeJIJIa>K- Hhle; no KOMnOHOBKe xpaHRJIMw.a no OTHOIlleHMIO K 3Kcne)).H- II.UHM - HB nOTOtJHbIe Ii TYUMKOBbIe; no TRny CTpOHTeJIbHOii qaCnf - Ha 3aKphlTbIe CKJIa.nbI, HaBeCbI, OTKpbITbIe uno- IIJ.8,B,KH, H8 MHOrOnpOJIeTHbIe M o.nHonpOJIeTHbIe; no pacnono- meHlilO Ha reHnJIaHe 3aBO)).8 -- OT.neJIbHO CTOHIIIHe R c6no- KHpOBBHHbIe C npOR3BO)).CTBeHHbIMH KopnycaMH H T. )).. no THny 60JIbUlRX BHeUlHHX CRCTeM, B3aHMo.neHCTBYIOW. M X qepe3 CKJIa)).bI, 06'beKTbI CKJIa,aCKoro Ha3HaQeHHSI MO)KHO Kn3CCH<l>Ru.MpOBaTb H8 CJIe)).YIOUI.He 60JIbIllMe KJIaCCbI. npOH3BO)).C1BO--CKJIa)).--TpaHcnopT M ++ W ++ Ti Tp3HcnOpT-CKJI a .n--npOH3BO)).CTBO T- W-M; tp8HcnopT l-CKJI8.n-1paHcnopT 2 Tl...... W ..... T , 28
npOHSBO CTBO l--cKna --npoH3Bo cTBo 2 M 1 ++ W ++M 2 no COtIeTaHHHM pa3nHtIHbIX BH OB TpaHcnopTa npH6bI1;HH R oTnpaBneHHH rpY30B B03MO)KHbI OKono 250 THnOB CKJIa OB. fnaBa3 TAPA H KOHTEAHEPbI 3 1. KJIACCHcI>HKAll.H5I T APbI OCHam.eHHe npOH3Bo cTBeHHoro npouecca COBpeMeHHOH YHHctmUHpOBaHHOH TapOH HBnHeTCH lIepBOOtIepe HbIM ycno- BHeM JIH KOMnneKcHoH MexaHH3aUHH H aBTOMaTH3a H 'lpaHCnOpTHO-CKna CKHx H neperpY30tIHbIX onepaUHH. nl'H MeHeHHe YHI'U!:mUHpOBaIIlIOH 1apr.I no:monHer 3HatIHTeJIbH'e nOBbICHTb npoH3BO IfTeJIbIl0(J1b Ipy a CKJla CKOro nepLOH2tn8, cOKpaTIiTb pacxo)J.bI Ha nepepd60TKY 1 T rpY3a H nOBbIt:WFb coxpaHHocTb cKna HpyeMbIx rpY30B. Tapy npOMbIillJIeHHOrO npe npHHTHH MO)KHO KnaccH(jm- lI.HpOBaTb no pa3n1:IIIHbIM upH3HaI<aM (fOCT 17527--86). no HaSHatIeHHIO Tapa UO)l.pa3 enHeTCH Ha uOTpe6HTeJIbCKYlO H TpaHcnopTHYIO. nOTpe6HTenbCKaH Tapa nocTynaeT co- BMeCTHO a npo,nYKUHeH, HBnHHCb nepBHtIHOH ynaKoBKoit TpaHcnopTHaH Tapa cnYjl{HT nH BpeMeHHoro pa3Mem.eHH'H rpY30B UpH HX TpaHcnopTHpOBaHHH H CKna HpOBaHHH. Pa3JIHtIaIOT HH,nHBH yanbHYIO, npe,nHa3HatIeHHYIO Jl,JIH O Horo H3 enHH, H rpynnOBYIO Tapy, npe I1a3HatIeHHYIO JJ.JUI !fpaHCnOpfHpOnaIIlJH H CKJIa I1rOB(1I11151 IlCC!<OJ]bKHX H3 emlii. ,D.JHI MHorOKpa f1l0ro HCllonb WBdllHH Ilpl!MeIHIIOT MHoro66o- POTilYIO Tapy, JJ.nH O HOKpaTllOrO -- pa30BYIO. B SaBHC"- MOCT" OT KOHCTPYKlI.HH pa3JIH'IaIOT pas60pHYIO H Hepa36op- HYIO Tapy, a TaKjI{e CKnaJJ.HYIO Tapy, KOTOPYIO MO)KHO cno- jl{HTb JJ.O MHHHManbHoro pa3Mepa H CHOBa upHJJ.aTb eM nepBo- HatIanbHYIO CPOPMY. no CTeneHH )KeCTKOGTH KOHCTPYKlI.HH pa3nHtlaIOTCH cne- ,nYIOm.He BHJJ.bI TapbI: jl{eCTKaH, He MeHHIOm.aH cpOpMbI H pas- MepOB npH HanOJIHeHHH ee npO YKlI.HeHj MHrKaH, MeHHIOm.aH 4><>PMY npH 3anonHeHHH TapbI npO YKu.HeH, Ii nonY)KeCTKaH, MeHHIOm.aH cpopMY npH SHatIHTenbHbIX BHeillHMX B03.lJ,eM- CTBHHX. 29
OpH paCCMOTpeHHH TeXHHQeCKHX XapaKrepHCTHK npOH3- BOJCTBeHHOi:j Tap I UeJJeC006pa3HO npHHHTb KJJaCCHcplf K8UHIO, B OCIIOBY KOTOpmI nOJJO)KeHO ):{e. eHHe TapbI Ha rpyrrnbl B 3a- BJ1CJ1MOCTH OT BH):{a MaTepHaJla, I13 KOTOpOrO OHa H3rOTOBJJeHa (pJ1c. 3.1). Pa3JJHtJ8IOT cJJe):{YIO ne THnbI npOl!3BO.ll.CTBeHHOA T8pbI: .nepeBHHHaH, MeTaJJJJHtJeCKaH, nOJJHMepHaH, KapToH- HaH, CTeKJJHHIIaH, TKaHeBaH, 6YM8)KHaH )lo HaCTOSUIJ,ero BpeMeHH Ha npe):{npIIHTHHX MBWHHO- H npH60pocTpoeHHH 60-80 % OT o6Ill.ero KOJJIfQeCTBa Taphl COCJ aBJJHeT ):{epeBHH- HaH Tapa, B OCBOBROM HCnOJJb3yeMaH KaK MHoro06opOTHaH npH BHYTPH38BO):{CKOM CKJl8):{HpOBaHHH H TpaHcnopTHpOBa- HHH, a TaK)Ke ):{.'1H yn8KOBKH rOTOBOH npO):{YKIJ,I1H. lI.epeBHH- HaH Tapa H3rOTaB.'1IIBaeT<. H B BIJ):{C pOIll.aTbiX H cpaHepHbIX HUI.lfKOB, nO):{llOHOB, 06peWeTOI{ Ii 60'leK MeTaJJJJHtJecKaH HIll.IJIlHaH Tapa IJCII0J1b3yeTcH B KaqeCTBe MHoroo60poTHoH llJlH xpaHeHIHI H BHYTPH38BOJI.CIWro TpaHC- nopTlipOBaHIIH pa3!Ioo6pa3HhiX 38rOTOBOK, JI.eTaJleH, H3):{eJiHii- lI.nH rraKeTHblX nepeB030K npHMeHHIOTCH nJJOCKHe MeTaJlJUfo qeCKHe Ii ):{epeBHHHble rrO)J)J.OHbI; ):{JJH xpaHeHHH )KH):{KHX, CblnyqHX H ra3006pa3HbiX rpY30B - MeTaJJJltltJeCKHe 1I:H- CTepHbI, (50tJKH, 6aJJJJOHbI, cpJIHrH, 6H.lI.OHbI Bce 60JJhWee npHMeHeHHe B npOMbillIJleHHOCTH B nOCJIe.n- Hee BpeMH nOJJyqaeT Tapa H3 rrOJJHMepHhIX MaTepnaJJOB 3TO'P BHJI. Tapbl HCrrOJJb3yeTcH KaK .lJ,JUI BHYTpH3aBO):{CKoro CKJla.D.H- pOBaHHH Ii TpaHcrropTHpOBaHliH, TaK H ):{J1H 3aTapHBaHHSI rOTo8oH npO):{YK1I:IUL 113 nOJIHMepHblX MarepHaJIOB H3rOTaB- JIH8aIOTCH HIll.HKH, 1I:HCTep, Hbl 6otJKH, 6H):{OHbl, cpJIflrH H T A. B CTeKJIHHHOH Tape, KaK rrpaBHJIO, nOCT)'rraeT Ha rrpe):{npHSI- THe XHMHtJeCKaH rrpO.ll.YK1I:HH KapTOHH3H Tapa B YCJIOBHHX npOMbIllIJIeHHOrO rrpe):{npHHTHH npHMeHHeTCH peAKO H CJIY- }1{HT ):{JJH yrraKoBKH HeKOTopblX BHJI.OB rOTOBOH rrpO):{Y K 1I:HH. MSirKaH Tapa B OCHOBHOM B BH):{e MellJKOB H3rOTOBJIHeTCH H3 6YMam, TKaHH HJIH pe3HHOTKaHH H CJIY)KHT ):{J1H ynaKoBKH cbmytJHX rpY30B . feoMeTpHtJeCKHe pa3MephI TapbI ):{JISI H3.l1.e. T 1HH <: ra6apHT- HhIMH pa3Mep8MH ):{O 1140x760x1l40 MM npliHHMBIOTCSI B COOTBeTCTBHH C fOCT 21140-75 B OT):{eJJbHblX cJJyqa- HX pa3MepbI Tapbl npHHHM8IOTCH no TeXlmtJeCKHM YCJIo- BHSlM 3aBOJI.OB-H3rOTOBI1TeJJeH npOMbIIlJJJeHHOH npo):{YKUHH. B Ta6JJ 3 1 ):{aHbI npe.nnotJTHTeJJbHble pa3Mepbl TpaHcnopTHo- cK.!Ja):{cKoH npHMoyrOJJbHOH TapbI (fOCT 21140-75*) Open;- noq fHTeJIbHblMH HapY)KHbIMH .nHaMeTpaMH KpyrJIOH Tapbl flBJIHIOTCSI CJle.D.YIOIll.He: 800; 600; 400; 294; 226; 219, 200 MM. HapY)KHaSi BhICOTa KaK npHMoyrOJlbHoi't, TaK H KpyrJIOH 30
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t 0 TOpl.{e8bIMH CTeHKaMH Ha qeTbipeX nJIaHKaX, G 60BH3KOii , nJIaHK8MH H Gl'aJIbHOH JIeHTOR (THn 6) SI[I.{IIKH 'fHna 4 .n.OJDKRbI HSrOTOBJIHTbCH H3 .n.OCOK TOJl[l.{H- ' flOR 5 MM. TOJI[I.{HHa )toeOK ropl.{eBbiX GTeHOK npHHHMaereSl p1tBHOR TOJIUJ,HHe .n.OCOK )tHa H tSOKoBbiX CTeHOK, HO He MeHee 16 MM npH Macce rpY3a 1J.0 25 Kr BKJIlOqHreJIbHO lUHpHHa 1J.OCOK J(omKHa 6b1Tb 40 MM, npH Macce rpY3a CBbIllIe 25 " J(O 55 Kr BKJIlOqHTeJIbHO - 50 MM, np" Macce rpY3a CBblllIe 55 KP - 60 MM. Ha RUJ,HKH G MaCCOH 6pyTTO 60JIee 80 Kr CJIe.n.yeT ycu- HaBJIUBlITb nOJI03bH G yqeroM ra6apHTHbix pasMepoB HllI,HKOB II 06ecneQeHHH HX saXBaTa neperpYSOQHblMH MexaHH3MaMH. .lI.O[l.{3Tble HUJ,HKI1 .MH rpysoB MaccoR CBblllIe 500 Kr H3ro- TOBJIRIOTCSI B COOTBeTC'rBHH G fOCT 10198-78. MHoroooo- pOTHbie J(Olll,aTbIe HllI,HKH .n.JIH rpY30B MaccoH )to 75 Kr (fOCT 9396-75) H3rOTOBJIHIOTCH €eMH THnOB, KOHCTPYKTHB- Hhle OCOOeHHOCTH KOTOpbIX nOKa3aHbI Ha pHG 3 3 K THny I OIIlOCRTCR OTKpblTble HllI,HKH-JIOTKH (pHO 3.3, a), KOTOpble MOI'YT HMeTb <r8HepHoe HJ1Ii pelIlerqaTOe )1110 51ll1,HKii THna 2 (pliO. :1 :J, 6) HMCIOI 1l,1l011l0e ).lOlIl<lIOC HJII1 pelliefIJaToe )tHO II Toplll'BI.I(' CICIlIOI, ('o()pallflbIC lIa lIJ1c1l1KaX K nwy 3 OllWC'II'J'{'SI I1l1llll</1 (0 G'Lt'MlIOH KpbllllKOH, BCTaBJIHeMOR nOJ! I<PCII('HWY'O IIJI811KY (pUG 33,8). nJIOTHbIe RllI,HKH G OTKH.n.- lIoit I<PWIII(oit Ha nelJISIX (pHG. 33, 2) OTHOCHTCH K THny 4 I HII 5 COC1aBJISlIOT CKJIa)tHble nJlOTHble SlllI,HKH Ha )tBYX Me- 6 1 _ z) PRC, 3.2. J\o aTLIe Hepaa60Pllble R HKH 2 MUIHY.OB O. 6. 33
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.1'1 .a .. ::sg 1Q::s HapY:lKHhle paSMepbI. MM (CM pHO. 3 5) T a 6 JI H n a 3.2. TeXHH'IeCKaSi xapaKTepHcTHKa Jl,epeBSlHHblX IiO'leK bid I d, 1 25 2t 210 1 '18° 1 20_25 8 T 254 220 15 13501 2301 262 / 30 25 I 4201 3341 300 50 I 5401 4141 3701 36 JOO I 6751 515 1 45 450 120 I 7701 525 14() I 4001 8001 756 150 I 7101 6131 543 50 200 I 7701 6701 595 225 I 600 I 800 I 756 250 177017401670 PaSMephI l!TaJIbHblX ollpyqeA. MM yrOpHblX I weAHblX I WH- WH- I TOJI- pBBa TO.1l HHa pHHa UHa 1,2-1,6 nYKOBhlJf WH- I TOnI/\U- pHHa Ha 15- 20 1 1 ,2':'-1,6 1,6 25 1,6 36 40 50 1,8 : I -I 30 I 1,8 I 30 1,8- 36 I 50 1,8 JI01KeHbI lIIeHHbIe 06pY(IH 2, B cpe,ll,HeH qaCUI 60qKH- nYKOBhle 06PyqH 3. nJlOCKHe ,lI.epeBHHHbIe nO.lUl.OHbI H3roTaBJlHB31OTCH no rOCT 9557-73 pa3MepoM 800 X 1200 MM, rpY30nO,ll,'beM- HOCTblO 1 T C06cTBeHHaH Macca nO.lUl.OHa He ,lI,OJl>KHa npe- BbIlIIaTb 40 Kr. lleTaJlH nO.lUl.OHa ,lI,onycK3eTcH COe,ll,HHHTb rB03,l1.HMH H lIIypynaMH. TOJllll,HHa ,lI,OCOK ,lI,OJl>KHa 6bITb He MeHee 22 MM. 51ll1,HQHbIe nO.lUl.OHbI H3rOTaBJlHBalOTCH no fOCT 9570-84. fa6apHTRbIe pa3MepbI nO.lUl.OROB: 1240x835x 1150 H 1240x X 1040 X 1150 MM Macca nO.lUl.OHOB COOTBeTCTBeRHO He 60- Jlee 110 H 130 Kr H3rOTaBJlHBalOTCH ORH H3 ,lI,OCOK TOJ1ll1,HIIOH He MeHee 30 MM ,lI,JlH HaCTHJIa H TOJllll,HHOH He Menee 20 MM ,lI.JlH 60KOBbIX CTeHOK. EOKoBbIe CTeHKH nO.lUl.OH3 apMHpYIOTCfl MeTaJIJIHQecKHM yroJlKoM. 33. METAnnH4ECKA TAPA Ha npOMbIlllJIeHHOM npe,ll,npHflTHH HcnoJlb3yeTcH MeTaJl- mlQeCKaH Tapa fllll,HKH, nO.lUl.OHbI, U:HCTepHbI, 60 f IKH, 4>JIHfH, t5H,lI,OHbI. K npeHMYllI,eCTBaM MeTaJlJlHQeCKOH Tapbl OTHOCflTcn: 36
oJ IJ I:J D DO 6) ?) Ej D.,DB br[]uu 1'm t (5 Mt"TU II,IIWI< (KitH l1tlUI a - fllI\W11I3R (' ItO)l(KRMU (J - RUJ,H'jHaa 6es 110* K. . - IIII\II'IIIIUI ( Oltq)hIllUIIOU\f.. Hen CT("IIKOi1; e - RIlI.H'JU3R C OTKpblTOA: lit IIHOn; " - KapKtlCllan; . - crOel.lUaR /1,0/11 OllCIIHOC I b 9KCnJlyaTa, J.UiH npOqHOGTb, He6oJlblIJOH co6- l'll1l'lIlIbli1 BeC, 3KOHOMHqHOGTb, (jOJlblIJaH rpY30no.n'beMHOCTb, MIIJII.IC K03(!KI)J!HHeHl bl lpeHHSI. MeTaJlJlHqeCKaH Tapa Bcer.na ""IIIIt'TCfI Mlloroo6opOTHOH. IlpOH3BO) Cl BellHaSl MeTaJlJlliqecKaH Tapa B COOTBeTCTBHH c 1 OCT 14861-86 H3rOTOBJIHeTCH nSlTH THnOB: HlIJ,HqHaH (11 OIiOpflMH II (')('3 onop); Hlll.HqHaSl C OTKpblBalOl1I.eHCSI CTeH- 1C0R; HII II'IIIIHI (I OTKpbIroA cTeHKoH, KapKacHaHI CTOeqHaH (pMO, a,6), TrxlIHtJecKflfI xapaKTepll1 TIIKa MeTanJlHqeaKOA rap.. SlII.MItHotO 'I'H"" J RIIR II TII n a 3 MeTAlJUII"CMHI H J1t'pt'nnllllloll' IIJIO('KHe nOJ-V\OHbl H3ro- nUllllfnCN " rOOllWT( IBIlIt c rOC1 9078-84 faoapHTHble "IM'PW nTHWI<UX 110)11101108 pa3- "H'unlX '111111111 (pHI> : 7) npHB - .'''t" n 'I :I(')JI : 4 KOHCTPYKJ.J.HH n()J J,o"OIl o()ecilel/lmaeT B03MO}K- HO("" IRxna la ilK BHJlaMH 0 )l.BYX HnH '1e1b'PCX I TOpO' OIIH MorYT IfUnTRDJI ml:llbCfl K8K H3 MeTaJlJla, 'I" K" "3 J ('pel3a H CHHTeTHqecKHX nl'0""hIX Man'pH8.nOB I13BecTHO PIIC 3.7. CxeMB IIJlOCKOrO npl! M('U('UIIC nJlOCKHX nOMoHoB ABYXHBCTHJlbHOrO nOMolla 37
rd3 T 8 6 JI U u: 8 3 7 U,BeT otqJacKu U uaAnUCH Ha 6aJ1J10HaX C ra30M TeKOT H8)J.nHCH OKpaCK8 6SJIJIOHOB A30T AMMH8K Apron TeXHH'IeCKHH » t(HCTblH Au:eTHJleH ByT8H ByTHJleH BOAOPOA feJIuli KHCJlOPOA Cepo8oAoPOA CepHHcTLdt aHrHJ1pHA YrJleKUCJlOTa cJ}ocreH XJI aAOH XJlOp 3THJleu 4epH8H )l(e.nTaH 4epHaH CepaH BeJi aH KpacHaH KpacHaH TeMHo-3e.neHaH KOpH'IHeBaH fOJIy6aH Be.rl all 4epHaH » 3alll,HTHaH CBeTJIO-CepaH 3alll,HTUali cJ}HOJIeTOBaH 34. nOnMMEPHA TAPA A30T AMMHaK AproH TeXHH'IeCKHH » 'IHCTLIK Au:eTHJleH B YUH ByTHJIeH BOAOpOA fe.nHK KHCJIOpOA CepOBO.llOpO.ll CepHHcTblK aHrU.llpH.ll YrJIeKHCJlOTa HOMep XJla)l.OH8 3THJleH nOJlHMepHaH ynaKoBKa H Tapa C Ka>K.D.bIM ro,nOM nOJlY- qalOT Bce DOJlbWee npHMeHeHHe B Hapo,nHOM X03fIikTBe K oc- HOBHblM npeHMy eCTBaM nOJlHMepHOH TapbI no cpaBHeHHIO C ,nepeBHHHOH H MeTaJlJlHqeCKOH OTHOCHTCH DOJlee HH3KaH CTOI;IMOCTb; B03M01KHOCTb npHMeHeHHH BbICOKonpOH3Bo,nH- q-eJlbHblX MaWHH npH ee H3rOTOBJlellHH; HeOOJlbWaH COOCTBeH- HaR Macca (npH O.D.HHaKOBOH rpY30nO.D.'beMHOCTH nOJlHMepHaH Tapa B 3-5 pa3 Jlerqe MeTaJlJlHqeCKoH). KpoMe Toro, npHMe- HeHHe nOJlHMepHOH Tapbl n03BOJIfIeT 3KOHOMHTb MeTaJlJl H ApesecH"y, YBeJlHqHBaTb CpOK 3KCnJlyaTaUHH Tapbl. nOJlH- MepllaR Tapa JlerKO OIlHlll,aeTCfI "PH 3arpH3HeHHH. OHa Haro- IfOBJIReTCH pa3J1HqHOrO UBeTa, qTO ynpOlll,aer TeXHOJlOrHIO a.n.peCOBaHHH rpyaOB. K OTpHuaTeJlbHblM KaqeCTB3M nOJlH- MepHoii Tapbl OTHOCHTCfI B03MO>KHOCTb 33rpfI3HeHHfI OKPy- >KalOlll,eu Cpe.D.bl npH ee YHHqTO eHHH II YTIIJlH3aUHH. B CKJIa,nCKOM xoaHHCTBe npOMblWJleHHOrO npe,nnpHHTlfH nOJlHMepHaH Tapa npHMeHHeTCfI .D.JlH TpaHcnopTHpOBaHHH H CKJla,nHpOBaHHfI B OCHOBHOM ,nBYX BH,nOB rpY30B: MaWHHO- CTpOHTeJlbHOH npo,nYKUHH (3arOTOBKH. .D.eTaJIH, npIlDopbl, Y3Jlb1 MaWHH H T .D..) H XHMHqeCKot'I npO.D.YKuHH. K nOJlHMep- HOU Tape .D.JIfI M3WHHOCTpOHTeJIbilOll np0.D.YKUHIf npe.D.'bHB- 44
nHKITCH cne Y IUHe OCHOBHMe Tpe- OOBaHHH: BMCOKaH CTOUKOCTb K Me- xaHHlfecKHM B03 eUCTBHHM npH BM- nOnHeHHH nOrpY30lfHO-pa3rpY301f- HMX paOOT; CTOUKOCTb K aTMOC<t>ep- l(0pRQHeBblli HMM B03.D.eUCTBHHM (con Helfllaf/ pa Hal(HH, nepena bI TeMneparYPbl H T. ); npHrOJ{HOCTb K CBapKe H CKneHBaHHIO C nonYlfeHHeM npolf- Horo llIBa; HeO.D.HOKpaTHoe HCITOnb- aOBaHlie. K OCHOBHMM TpeOOBaH HM. npe 'bHBnHeMbIM K nOJHtMepHOH Tape npH TpaHcnopTHpOBaHMH H xpaHeHHH XHMH1JeCKHX MaT p}la- nOB, OTHOCHTCH CTOHKOCTb K B03- J{eUCTBHIO arpeCCHBHbIX rpY30B (KHcnOTbI, lll,eJI01JH, ra3bI H T. J{ ); CTOUKOCTb K B03 eUCTBHIO aTMO- ccpepHbIX HBJIeHHU; np01JHOCTb npH BMnOJIHeHHH neperpY301JHbIX one- pal(HU; OCTaT01JHaH 3JIaCTH1JHOCTb J{JIH nOJIy*eCTKOU H MHr- Koii TapM; nOJIHaH repMeTHlfHoCTb J{JIH onaCHblX rpY30B. no cnocoGy H3rOTOBJIeHHH pa3JIH1JaKIT CJIeJ{YIOIUHe BH,nhI nOJIHMepHOii TapM. BMJ{YBHaH, H3 JIHCTOBblX MaTepHaJIOB, JIHTbeBaH H npeCCOBaHHaH H3 neHOnJIaCTOB BM YBHaH nOJIHMepHaH Tapa H3rOTOBJIHeTCH nYTeM BM.llY- BaHHH H3 aarOTOBKH, nOJIYlfeHHOH MeTO OM JIHTbH no aB- neHHeM, TapM aaJ{aHHOU q>OpMM. 3Ta Tapa npHMeHHeTCH .llJIH ynaKoBKH *H KHX, naCTooopa3HbIX H CbmYlfHX MaTepHaJIOB KaK npH HX H3rOTOBJIeHHH, TaK H npH CKJIa.D.HpOBaHHH H neperpY3Kax Ha npOMbIlIIJIeHHOM npe.llnpH51THH 113roTOBJI51IOT CJI'=.D.Y IOllI.He OCHOBHbIe BI1.D.bI BbI.D.YBHOH TapbI U.HJIHH.llpHlIe CKHe H OBaJIbHMe OOlfKH (fOCT 24463-80), KaHHcTpbI, U.H- JIHH pJ:IIleCKHe GaHKH, OYTbIJIH (fOCT 17000-71*) H T . .D.JIH H3rOTOBJIeHHH nOJIHMepHOu TapbI H3 JIHCTOBMX Mate- pHaJIOB npHMeHHKIT TepMOnJIaCTHlIHble O)l;HO- HJIH MHOrOCJIOU- HMe MaTepHaJIM B BH.D.e JIHCTOB HJIH PYJIOHOB HaHOO./rbJilee npHMeHeHHe npH H3rOTOBJIeHHH TpaHcnopTHoii H npOH3BO.ll- CTBeHHOU TapIoI nOJIYlIHJI Y.llapOnpOllHMU nOJIHCTHpOJI B JIH- CTax TOJIlll,HHOU 1-6 MM K OCHOBHbIM BH.D.aM TapM H3 JIHCTO- BblX MaTepHaJIOB OTHOCHTCH Hlll,HKH C neperopoJ{KaMH H oe3 neperopO.D.OK, TpaHcnopTHble nOJUI.OHM H JIOTKH, Kopo6KH o KpbllIIKaMH, paaJIHlIHMe KacceTM H T )}.. lI.oeT HSAnncn lI.BeT nQJJOChi )l(eJlTblli qepHhlA CRHRA 3e.neHblli KpacHblA Be.nhlA )l(e.nThlli I(pacHhiA BeJlblA qepHblA I(pacHI>lA Be.nhlA )l(e.nTblA qepHblH KpaCHblH CRHRA 3e.neHblA qepHhlA KpaCHblA )l(eJlThiA KpaCHhiA 3eJ1eHblH 45
npeHMym.ecTBOM Tapbl, R3raroBJIReMOH JlHTbeM no.n. .n.aB- neHHeM H npeCCOBaHHeM, RBJlHeTCH B03MOH<HOCTb ee H3fOT08- neHHSI C He06xo,nHMhlMH BblCTynaMH H Bna.n.HHaMH KaK Ha BHeUlHeii nOBepXHOCTH, TaK H Ha BHyrpeHHeii nOJlOCTH (pe6pa H<eCTKOCTH, KaHTbI H T .n.) .D.nH H3rOTOBJleHHSI TapN HcnOJlb3YIOT TepMOnJlaCTbI (nOJlHCTHpOJl, nOJlHnpOnHJleH) H pea KTonJi aCTbI (cpeHOnJiaCT, aMHHOnJJaCT). J1I1TaH Tapa 113ro- TOBJISleTC5I Ha JlHTbeBbIX MallIHH8X 113 Bcex BH,nOB nOJlHMepHoii TapbI, npllMeHHeMoii B CKJla,n- CKOM X03S1HCTBe npOMbllllJleHHbIX npe.n.npHR1HH, HaH60JlblliHH YJIeJ1bHbIH Bec 3aHHMaeT Tapa, n0J1YQaeM8S1 MeTO,nOM JlHTbR .II IlpecCOBaHHR IlJHpOKO npHMeHHIOTCH HIlUfKH, H3rOTOBJleH- Hble JlHTbeM B COOTBeTCTBItH C rOCT 22752-84, KOTOpblH npe.L1ycM8TpHBaeT tleTbIpe THna nnacTMaccoBoH TapbI: SlUl,HtI- aylO, SlW,HtlUYIO BKna,nbIBalOll.lYIOCSI, Hll.lHtlHYIO C OTKpblTOK CTeHKoH, Hll.lHtlHYIO C OTKpblTOii CTeHI<OH BbIKJla,nbIBalOll.lYIOCSI KpoMe Rll.lHKOB H3 nOJ1HMepHbIx M8TepHanoB MeTO,nOM JlHTbH H npeccoBaHHSI H3rOTaBJlHBaIOT nO)1JlOHbI, J10TKH, KOp3HllbI, ne HaJIbi , I<aCCeTbI H T. ,n B nOCJle.L1Hee BpeMSI B KatleCTBe Tapbl HaQHHalOT npHMe- HSlTb neHOnJ1aCTbI - JlerKHe ra30n8nOJlHeHHbIe IJOJlHMepHbIe K8TepHanbI. Tapy H3 neHOnJlaCTOB Hcnonb3YIOT B Tex cny- tlaHX, Kor,na Tpe6yelCS1 Ha.n.e}KHO 38ll.lHTHTb rpy3bI OT BHeI.U- HHX MeXaHHtleCKHX B03,neikTBHA, 8 TaK}Ke OT TeMnepaTypHhlX nepenaJIOB H npOmtl<HOBeHHSI BJlafH .D.JlH H3rOTOBJlellHH TapbI H3 neHOnJlaCTOB npHMeHSIIOT CneUHaJlbHble JllITbeBt-Je MamHllbI B npOMbIUJJJeHHOCTH nellOnJlaCTOBaR ynaKoRKa B OCHOBIIOM HCnOJlb3YeTCH B npH6opOCTpoeHHH .ll.JlR y"a- KODKH TeJleBH30pOB, pa,nHonpHeMHHKOB, MarHHT<><pOHOB, BbI- qHCJJHTeJlbHoii TCXHHKH 35 rpY30BbIE KOHTEAHEPbI KOIITeiinepH381l1tR RBJlHC'TCH Ba}K!lbIM HanpaBJleHHeM no- BbIllleHItH 3qxpeKTHB!lOCTH nPTC pa6oT, n03BOJ1HIOll.lHM 3Ha- tlHleJIbHO (8 2-3 pa3a) nOI3bICHTb npOH3BOJIHTeJJbHOCTb Tpy,na, HCKJllOtlUTb npHMeHeHHe PY'lIIoro TpYlla Ha lleperpY30tlHbIX onepauHHx, CHH3HTb ce6ecToHMOCTb TpaHCIJOpTHO-CKJIa,nCKHX pa6oT, COKpaTHTb 38TpaTbl Ha 1apy, nOBbICHTb coxpaHHOCTb TpaHcnopTHpyeMoii n PO,nYKUH H (rOCT 21390-83) B COOTBeTCTBHH C rOCT 20231-83 K rpY30BbIM KOHTe"- HepaM OTHeceHO o6opy JIOBaIlHe, 06JIaJIalOIuee CJle,nYIOUJ.HMH cBoiiCTBaMH. cnoco6HOCTbIO apeMeHHo xpanHTb H TpaHcnop- THpoBaTb rpY3LI 6e3 I1pOMe}KYTOtlHbIX nepefpY30K; 6bITb npH- 46
cnOC06J1eHHhIM .l1ml MeXaHH3HpOBaHHOH SarpY3KH H Bbl- rpY3KH; llMeTb BHYTpeHHHH 06'beM He MeHee ) M 3 no Macce 6pYTTO mfip rpY30BhIe KOHTeHHepbl ,llCJl5ITCH Ha TPH KJlaCca: MaJlOTOHHa)t(Hbie (mfip :> 2,5 T); cpe,nHeTOH- Ha)f{Hbie (2,5 < mop < 10 1), KpynHOTOHHa)f{HbIe (mop :> 10 T) rpY30nO,ll'beMHOCTb rpY30Boro KOHTeHHepa saBHCHT OT c06CTBeHHOH MaCCbl KOHTeHHepa mIl: m ro = m(!p - m H . no Ha3HalJeHHIO KOIneHHepbl OTHOCHTCSI K OJIHOMY H3 ,nBYX 'l'HnOB: YlIJiBepcaJlbHblM HJlH CneUHaJIH3HpOBaHHblM B YHH- BepCaJlbHble KOHTe lHepbl 3arpY)f{alOT WTYlJHble H cbInyqHe rpY3b1 lliHpOKOH HOMf'HKJlaTypbl. OHM npHrO,llHbI K nepe- B03Ke rpY30B npH JlIOObiX nOrOJIlihlX YCJ10BHSlX B cneUnaJ1H- 3HpOBaHHbie KOJITeHHepbl 38rpY)K81OT onpeJIeJTeHHhlH BH,n rpY3a HJlIi OrpaHliqeHHYIO HOMeHKJlaTYPY rpY30B. CneUHaJlH- 3HpOBaHHble KOHTeHllepbl 06bl'IHO IiMelOT pSl,ll TeXHOJlOrnqe- CKIIX oc06eWIOCTeH (npHHYl1I1TeJ1bHYIO BeHTHJlSlUHlO, TenJla- H30.HIUHOHI!Oe 1I0KpblTHe CleH, XOJIOJIUJlbHYIO YCTaHOBKY H T .It) K ClleUHaJlll311pOBaHHbrM OTHOCJlTCSI KOHTeHHcphl- lUfCTepHbI ,llJ1S! nepeB03KH )1U1,llKHX, ra3006pa3HbIX H CblnyqHX rp)'30B CneUHa l1H3HpOB8HIlble KonreHHepbI npHMeHSIIOT weCTH TH- nOB. CK-) - )lJISI XOPOWOCLlllyqHX rpY30B, CK-2 - ,nJlSl CJle)f{HB8IOUUiXCR CblllYlJHX rpY30B; CK-3 - l1JIS! TapHD-WTyq- HhlX rpY30B, CK-4 -,llJIH )f{1I)lKHX rpyaoB; CK-5 - pe$PH- :H<epaTOpllble JIJlSI CKopOllopnlllJ.HXCSI rpY30B; MK - MlIrKHe KOHTeUHephl ,llJlSl CbInyqnX rpY30B (XHMHlJeCKHX MaTepHaJlOB). no oeo6eHHOCTSIM KOHCTpYKUHH pa3J1HlJalOT OTKpbIThle KOHTeHHepbl. He HMelOll.lHe KpblWU HJlU O,nHOH U3 CTeIlOK; saKpblThle KOHTeHHepbl, orpa)f{)leHHble co Bcex CTOpOH, HMe- IOIUHe nJ/OTlfO 38KpbJTbie J1IOKH H ,llBepH (MOJKeT HMeTb C'!oeM- HYIO HJlH paCKpbJBalOIlJ.YIOC KPbIWY HJlH CTeHKY); pa360pHbIe KOHTe jHephl, KOBCTPYKHHR KOTOpLIX n03B0J1S1eT paS6lipaTb I1X Ha COlI 3UIILIC 'lac fI1 .D.JHI YJIOOCl na rpaHcnopTHpOBaHHSI Ii xpaHeHHSI, CKJIa,nHble KOHTefmepbl, KOHCTPYKUHSI KOTOpbIX n03BOJIlIeT YMeHblIJaTb HX ra6apHTIlbie pa3Mepbl nyTeM CKJla- Jl,blBaHHlI. MaJlOTOHH8)f{HhIe KOHTeHHepbl (pHC 3.9) npe,nHaSHaqeHbI .D.JTfl nepeB03KH aBTOMo6HJlbHhlM TpaHcnopTOM CpeJlHeTOH- Ha)f{HbIH KOHTeHHep THna YYK-5 C yrJlOBhlMH HHraMH nOKa3aH Ha pHC. 3.10, KpynHOTOHHaJKHblH - Ha pHC. 3.11. ra6apHTHbie pasMepbI YHHBepCaJlbHhlX KOHTeHuepoB, Hsro- TOBJl5IeMhlX no rOCT 18411-79*, npHBe,lleHbI B Ta6JT. 3.&. IlJlSl CTponOBKH KOHTeiiHepoB TIinOB YYK-3, YYK-5Y, YYK-5 HCnOJlbSYlOT paMhl, YCTaHOBJJeHHhle oa HX Kphlwax. 41
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Ba:tKHOe SHatleHHe HMeeT npaBHJIbHOO onpe.neJIeHm! Heo6- XO.nHMOrO KOJIHtleCTBa Tapbl Ka:tK.nOrO THnOpa3Mepa Opil He- ,nOCTaTOtlHOM KOJIHtleCTBe TapbI B03MO:tKHbI HapyrneHHe npOH3- Bo.nCTBeHHoro npoQecca, nOTepH npH TpaHcnopTHpOBaHHH H xpaHeHHH rpY30B YBeJIHtleHHe napKa TapbI CBepx Hed6xo- ,nHMoro npHBo.nHT K YBeJIHtleHHIO TpaHcnopTHO-CKJIa,1J.C1tHX pacxo.nOB, 3arpOMO:tK,neHHIO npOH3Bo.nCTBeHHbIX nJIOw.a,1J.eH, He3KOHOMHOMY pacxo.nY MaTepHaJIOB OpHMeHHIOT pa3JIHtlHble MeTo.nHKH paCtleTa nOTpe6HdrO KOJIHtleCTBa npOH3Bo,nCTBeHHOH Tapbl. TOtlHOCTb paCtleTa otJpe- ,neJIHeTCH nOJIHOTOH HCXO,nHbIX .naHHbIX OOCKOJIbKY I!a MO- MeHT paCtleTa, KaK npaBHJIO, tlaCTb HCXO.nHblX ,naHHbIX''OTCyr- CTBYeT HJIM HOCHT npH6JIH:tKeHHbIH XapaKTep, TO nOTpe6H'OCTb B Tape onpe.neJIHerCH opHeHTHpOBOtlHbIM paCtleTOM OpHMeHHH opHeHTHpOBOllHbIH paCtleT, onpe,neJIJII01' nepBOHa'laJIbHoe KO- JIHlIeCTBO TapbJ .nJIH npoeKTHpyeMoro npOH3Bo.nCTBa, ;n,.lIH 3aKa3a .npeBeCHHbJ HJIH MeTaJIJIa, Heo6xo.nHMoro npH H3ro- TOBJIeHHH TapbI, H T. .n. Ha HatlaJIbHOH CTa.nHH opHeHTHpOBO'IHOrO paC'IeTa 'fa'pbl .nJIH BHYTpH3aBo.nCKoro TpaHcnopTHpOBaHHH H CKJIa.nHpOBa- HHH aHaJIH3HpyeTcH 06IlI,HH rpY30nOTOK. OpH 3TOM onpeJJ:e- JHIIOTCH, KaKaH 'IaCTb rpY30nOTOKa nOJJ:JIe:tKHT saTapHBaHH101 KOHCTPYKQHH H THnopa3Mepbl TapbI; BH.nbl rpY30B, nOJJ:JIe:tKa- LIUlX 3aTapHBaHHIO B onpe.neJIeHHbIH THn Tapbl He06xo.nHMoe 'IHCJIO e.nHHHQ Tapbl NT onpe.neJIHeTCH .nJIH Ka:tK.noro H3 BbI- 6paHHblX THnopa3MepOB: NT = mrkcRk3/(QTkmkv), r.ne m r - 06rn.aH Macca rpY3a, SaTapHBaeMoro B T8pY .naH- Horo THnopa3Mepa; QT - rpY30no.n'beMHOCTb Tapbl: k CR - K03<txl>HQHeHT, onpe.neJIHIOIlI,HH, K8KaH 'IaCTb rpYSOB Mac- COH m r 3aTapHBaeTCH OJJ:HOBpeMeHHo, k rn - K03<txl>ilt.(ilefiT saT8pHBaHHH no Macce; k" - 06'beMHblH K03<pqJHQHeHT aTa- pHBaHHH; k3 - paC'IeTHbIH K03<txl>HQHeHT sanaca (O&!QHO k3 = 1,1 1,3). npH onpe.neJIeHHH k CR ytlHTblBalOT HopManlBHoe apeMH xpaHeHHH sarOTOBOK H JJ:eT8JIeH Ha CKJIa.nax, fia n03HQH X Me:tKOnepaQHOHHoro sa.neJIa Ii 'l'.)J.. K03<txl>HQHeHT 3aTapHBa- HHH no Macce HBJIHeTCH Cpe.nHHM JJ:JIH .naHHOH rpynnbl rpy- SOB ECJIH B rpynny BXOJJ:HT 3arOTOBKH MaccoH 10, 20 H 30 Kr C K03<txl>HuHeHTaMH k m1 = 0,9, k m2 = 0,8 H k m3 = 0,7, '1'0 k m npHHHMaeTcH p8BHblM 0,8. AHaJIorH'IHO onpe.neJIJle1Cfl KOO<jxpHQHeHT kv. 62
napK MHOrOoOOpOTHOH TpaHCnOpTHOH TapbI HY>K.ZJ:aeTCH B nOCTOHHHOM nOnOJlHeHHH BCJle.ZJ:CTBHe BbIXO)J.a H3 CTpOH 'IaCTH TapbI, HaXO.ZJ:Hw,eHCH B oGpaw,eHHH. K OCHOBHbIM npH- '1HH8M, BJIIIHIOW,IIM H3 BbIXO)J. TapbI 113 CTpOH, OTHOCHTCH YCJlOBHR 9KCnJIyaTaUHH, BpeMfi 9KCnJlyaTaUHH, KaIJeCTBO Ma- TepRaJIa TapbI H H3rOTOBJIeHHH. Ha npaKTHKe npHMeHHIOT pa3JU('l.HbIe MeTO)U>l paCIJeTa KOJlHIJeCTBa Tapbl, HeoGxO.ZJ:HMoro J(JIR eJKerO)J.Horo nOnOJlHeHHH IIapKa TapbI Ha pH.ZJ:e npe)J.- npRRTRA pa3pa6OTaHbI HopMaTIiBbI BpeMeHH 9KCnJlyaTaUHH pa3JIHQHbIX BH)J.OB TapbI BHYTpH3aBO.ZJ:CKoro HCnOJlb30BaHMH TaK, AnR pH.ZJ:a npHGopocTpOHTeJIbHbIX npe)J.npHHTHH HOpMbI cnYHCObI BHYTpH3aBO)J.CKOH TapbI COCTaBJIHIOT: )J.epeBHHHOH - 2-3 roAa, MeTannH'IeCKOil - 2-4 rO)J.a, nJIaCTMaCCOBOH- 3-5 .neT. np" paCIJeTe Heo6xo)J.HMoro KOJlHIJeCTBa Tapbl )J.JlH e>Ke- rOAHoro nOnOJIHeHHH napKa ueJIeCOOOpa3HO YIJIITbIBaTb YBe- n"IJeHHe npoueHTa ee BbIXO.ZJ:a 113 CTpOH B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT BpeMeHH 9KcnJlyaTaUHH. ECJlH B 3KCnJIyaTaUHH HMeeTCH Tapa, HaXO}J.Hll{aHCH B oOopOTe pa3J1HIJHOe IJncJlo JleT, TO oGw,ee tmcno e)J.HHHU Tapbl N rD' nO)J.Jle/huw,HX BOCCTaIlOBJleHHIO. COCT3BHT N TB = NTlk l + N T2 k 2 + ... + NTnk n , r)J.e N Tl , NT'!., ..., N Tn - tmCJIO e)J.HHHU TapbI, HaXo)J.H- W.UKCR B 3KCnJlyaTaUHH O)J.HH ro.ZJ:, .ZJ:Ba rO)J.a, ..., n JleT COOT- BeTCTBeHHo; k l , k'l.' ..., k n - KooqxpHUHeHTbI, YIJHTbIBalOw,He BbtXO,/X Tapbl B saBHCHMOCTH OT BpeMeHH HaXO>K)J.eHIIH ee B 3KCnJIyaTaUHH. Ha npOMbIllIJIeHHbIX npe)J.nplIHTHHX IIpOIl3BO.ZJ:CTBO no H3- rOTQBJleHHIO )J.epeBHHHOH TapbI (rapHbIe ueXH HJlM Y'IaCTKH) p33Mew.aIOT BGJlII31I CKJla)J.OB JleCOMaTepHaJlOB (CM. rJl. 12). OpH 3TOM ncnOJlb3YIOT 0)J.II0 H TO )Ke 060pY.ZJ:OBaHHe )J.JlH oGpaGoTKH .n.peBeCHllbl. B GOJlbllIHX TapHbIX ILexax YCTaHaB- JlHBalOT O.ZJ:H03Ta:>KHbIe IIIIJlOpaMbI )J.JIH paCIIIIJlOBKII GpeBeH " 6pYCbeB. TeXHHIJeCKlIe )J.aHHbIe HeKOTopblX IIHJlopaM )J.aHbI B TaOJl. 3.10 .lJ.JIR npo)J.OJlbHOH paCIIHJlOBKH IIHJIOMaTepHaJlOB IJCIIOJlb- syeTCR AByxIIHJlbHblH oGpe3HoH CTaHOK THna I1.2.LJ.-7 A, KOTO- pblH 003BOJlHeT o.ZJ:HoBpeMeHHo o6pe3aTb oGe KpOMKH )J.OCKH. .LJ.JIH nOnepe'lHOH paCnlIJIOBKH (TOpUOBKH) )J.OCOK, 6PYCKOB, ropobfJIeA nplIMeHHeTCH CTaHOK THIIa I1.K5-40 .LJ.JlHHHOpeelJ- HblH CTaHOR C pOJlIIKO-)J.HCKOBbIM MexaHII3MOM IIOJ.{atIH THna I1.A-2A npHMeHfleTCH .ZJ:JlH npO)J.OJlbHOH paCIIHd10BKH J.{OCOK H3 3arOTOBKH. nHTltnl1J1bHbIH CTaBOK THna IJ)I.K5-2 npHMe- 53
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H 6pYCMI, KOTOpbIe C6paCbIBalOTCH Ha pOJIHKOBblH KOHBeHep 5. no pOJIHKOBOMY KOHBeHepy 6pYCbH H .n;OCKIf nepeMeIlI,alOTCH .n;o nplfBo.u.Horo ynopa 6 H c6par.bIBalOTCH Ha nOnepeLJHbIii uenHoii KOHBeiiep 7, KOTOpbIii .u.OCTaBJIHeT HX K MHoronHJIb- HOMY CTaHKY 8 THna IJ.M-120, r.n;e OHH paCnHJIlfBalOTCH Ha 'l'apHbIe ](OllleLJKH no TOJIIlI,HHe. no nOnepeLJHoMY KOHBeiiepy 9 H pOJIHKOBOMY KOHBeHepy 10 .n;OCKH .n;OCTaBJIHIOTCH K CTaH- KY 11 (TOpUOBOLJHbIii THna IJ.Ma-3A) H paCnlfJIlfBalOTCH no AJIlfHe. COPTHPYIOT sarOTOBKH Ha CTOJIe 13. npH He06xo.n;H- MOCTH .u.aJIbHeHlliYIO o6pa6OTKY sarOTOBOK npoH3Bo.n;HT Ha KpyrJIOnHJIbHOM CTaHKe 20 Tlfna lI.6-2. B MacTepcKoH YCTa- HOBJIeHbI TOKapHbIii CTaHOK 14 Tlfna TlI.-40-1 H raJITOBOLJHbIH 6apa6aH 15 THna r JI-0,2. B SaTOLJHOM OT.u.eJIeHHH YCTaHOB- JIeHbI CTaHOK .u.JIH SaTOLJKH nHJI 19 THna TLJOH-6, CTaHOK ](JIH HaCeLJKH sy6beB 17 THna nW-6, CTaHOK .n;JIH BaJIbueBa- HMH nHJI 18 THna OB-20 If BepCTaK 16. OnlfJIKH H KYCKOBbIe OTX0.u.bI y.n;aJIHIOT H3 MacTepcKoH JIeHTOLJHbIM KOHBeiiepoM 12 B 6YHKep, pacnOJIO:tKeHHblH BHe MacTepcKoH 3q$eKTlfBHaH 9KCnJIyaTaUHH TapHoro X03HHCTBa npa- MbIIllJIeHHOrO npeJ.{npHH rHH B03MO:tKHa TOJIbKO npH YCJIOBHIf cpYHKl.lHOHHpOBaHHH Cnel.lHaJIbHoro no.u.pa3.u.eJIeHHH, OTBeLJa- lOIll.ero 3a npoeKTHpoBaHHe, BHe.u.peHlfe H 9KCnJIyaTaUHIO Bcex BH](OB TapbI OnbIf pa60TbI KpynHbIx npOMbIlliJIeHHblX npe.n;npHHTHH nOKa3aJI ueJIeC006pa3HocTb C03.u.aHIIH 61Opo 'fapbI LJHCJIeHHOCTblO 5-20 LJeJI. B 3aBHCHMOCTH 0'1' napaMe- TpOB napKa Tapbl (LJlfcJIa e](HHlfU Tapbl, pa3Hoo6pa3HH THno- pasMepoB, CJIO:tKHOCTH KOHCTPYKUlflf, YCJIOBlfH SKCnJIyaTa- UHIf If T. .11..). BlOpo TapbI MO:tKeT C03.u.aBaTbCH B COCTaBe OT.II.eJIOB rJIaBHOrO TeXHOJIOra, rJIaBHorO MexaHHKa H MexaHIf- saUHH H aBTOMaTH3aUHH K OCHOBHbIM cpYHKUHHM 61Opo 'l'apbI OTHOCHTCH paCLJeT He06xo.u.HMoro KOJIHLJeCTBa npoH3Bo)J.- CTBeHHOH Tapbl npe.u.npHHrHH H paCIlpe.u.eJleHlIH ee no uexaM H CJIY.>K6aM; YLJeT lIaJIlILJHH Ii j:\BH.>KelIHH BHYTpH3aBo.u.cKoH npoH3Bo.u.cTBeHHoH TapbI H pacxo.u.a BHeIllHeH Tapbl; opraHH- saUHH He pe:tKe o.u.Horo pa3a B KBapTaJI nOJIHOH HJIH LJaCTHLJ- HOB HHBeHTapH3aUHH napKa TapbI; npoeKTHpoBaHHe HOBbIX BH.II.OB TapbI M Be.u.eHHe apxHBa .II.0KYMeHTaUHH Ha TapYI KOHTpOJIb H3roTOBJIeHHH H peMoHTa Tapbl; Ha](30p 3a npaBHJIb- HOH 9KCnJIyaTaulfeH TapbI B no.u.pa3.u.eJIeHHHX npe.u.nplfHTHH. .lI.JIH aBTOMaTH3aUHH onepaUlfH YLJeTa H KOHTpOJIH ](BH.>Ke- HHH H COCTOHHHH TapbI CJIe.ll.yeT HCnOJIb30BaTb BbILJHCJIHTeJIb- HYIO TexHHKY, BKJIIOLJaH nepH<pepHHHbIe YCTpOHCTBa, pa3Me- Ill.aeMbIe Ha CKJIa.u.ax H B .n;pyrHx no.u.pa3.u.eJIeHHHX npe.n.npHH- 'fUH (CM. r JIaBbI 8 H 16}. 57
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nocpe.n;CTBeHHoro .n;OcTyna K KaIK)J.OMY rpY3Y (npH MHOrO- MeCTfjbIX fltJeflKax), no CBfl3H C KapKaCOM CKJ1a.n;CHoro I 3)J,aHRfI. He CBfl3aHHbIe KOHCTPYKTHBHO C KapKaCOM 3)J.aHflH , II 3a¥eHfllOUJ.He KapKac 3.n;aHHfI tJaCTH'IHO HJ1H nOJ1HOCTbIO. CTeJ1JImKH, no HanpaBJ1eHHflM npHeMa H BbI)J.atJH rpY30B MorYT ObITb O)J.HOCTopOHHero H )J.BYXCTopOHHero 06CJ1YIKHBaHHfI; O CBfl3H co IlI'ra6eJ1HpYIOUJ.eH MaIllHHOH: He CBfl3aHHbIMH co lIITa6eJIHpYIOUJ.eii MaIlIHHOH H HeCYUJ.HMH IllTa6eJ1HpyIOUJ.YIO MaIllUHY CTeJ1JIa)l{I1 H3rOTOBJ1f11OT H3 MeTaJIJ1a, CTaJ1H, J1er- tmx CnJ1aBOB, IKeJIe306eTOHa, nJ1, aCTMaCCbI )J.epeBa H T .n;. C TOtJKH 3peHHH cnoco6a CKJIa)J.HpOBaHHfI rpY30B pa3JIH- 'I a lOT CTeJ1J1amH )J.JIH naKeTHpOBaHilbIX H HenaKeTHpOBaHllbIX rpY30B Hx npHMeHfllOT KaK )J.J1H TapHo-IllTYtIIIbIX, TaK Ii )J.J1H )J.J1HHBOmepHbIX rpY30B 06UJ.ee 'IHCJIO BapHaHToB KOBCTPYK- UIII! CTCJIJIameH COCTaBJIfleT HeCKOJIbKO TbICfltI HaHOOJIee IllHpOKO, oco6eHHO )J.JIfI CKJ1a)J.HpoBaHHH MHora- HOMeHK.tIaTypHbIX rpY30B, npHMeH5IIOTCfI KJIeTotJHbIe CTeJ1- J18>KH --'- 6eCn0J1otJHbIe H KapKacBbIe, KOTopble npoeKTH- PYIOT H H3rOTOBJ1HIOT B COOTBeTCTBHH C faCT 14757-81, fOCT 16140-81 H faCT 16141-81 (pHC. 4.5 H Ta6J1. 46). OCHoBHbIe napaMeTpbI CTeJ1J1a}Ka: tJHCJ10 HPYCOB Z H HarpY3Ka Ha HtJeHKY P fl' npHMeHeHHe KapKacBblx CTeJ1J1a}KeH B p5l)J.e CJ1YtJaeB n03B J1HeT 60JIee 94$eKTHBBo HCn0J1b30BaTb o6DeM CKJ1a)J.a. OHH o6J1a)J.alOT MeHbIlleH MeTaJ1J10eMKOCTbIO no cpaBHeHHIo C 6eCn0J1otJHbIMH, HMelOT MeHbIllee KOJ1HtJeCTBO CToeK, 'ITO o6J1erQaeT YCTPOHCTBO YB)J.aMeHToB no)J. BHX H BblnOJ1HeHHe MOHTaIKHblX paoOT. KpoMe Toro, OBH )J.eIlleBJIe 6eCn0J1otJBblX. HaJ1H'IHe npo)J.OJ1bHbIX nporoHoB B KapKacHbIx CTeJIJ18IKaX n03B0J1f1eT 60JIee JIerKO )J.o6HBaTbcH TotJHoro MOHTa}Ka CTeJI- JIaIKeH, tJTO oco6eHHo Ba}KHO )J.JIfI aBToMaTH3HpoBaHIforo CKJ18)J.a. KpoMe Toro, KapKacIIbIe CTeJIJIa}KH J1ertJe c.n;eJIaTb pa36opHbIMH. . HaH6oJ1ee palI.HoHaJIbHbI C TOtJKH 3peHHH pacxo)J.a MeTaJIJ1a H CTOHMOCTH KapKacHbie CTeJIJIa}KH c .n;BYMfI nO)J.)lOHaMH B Kam- )J,OH fltJeHKe (eCJ1H ilX YCTaBaBJIHBaTb )J.JIHBIIOH CTOpOBOH B.n;OJIb CTeJIJI8}KeH) H C TpeM5I-tIeTbIpbMfI nO)J.)J.OHaMH B fltJeHKe (eCJ1H HX YCTaH8BJIHBaTb .n;J1HHHOH CTOpOHOH B rJIy6HHY CTeJ1JIama). npO'lHOCTHbie paC'IeTbi H HCCJIe)J.OBaHHfI MeTaJIJ10eMKOCTH KapKacHbIx CTeJIJ18meH nOKa3bIBaIOT, tJTO HaHMeHbIllHH pac- XO)J. MeTaJIJIa Ha HHX )J,OCTHraeTCfI npH npOJIeTe np0)J.OJIb- HbIX rpY30HecYUJ.Hx 6aJIOK (paccToflHHH Me}K)J.Y cToHKaMH UJlH )J.J1I1He fI'IeeK) KapKacHoro CTeJIJIama nopfl)J.Ka 2,5- 2,8 M. 72
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!f 3 6 JI H U. a 4 II TeXHH'IeCKaH XapaKTepHCTHKa YHHclIHII.HPOB/lHHblX a.neBaTopHblx cTeJlJla)Keii C BepxHHM pacnOJlO)KeHHeM npHBO)l.a H )l.ByxnoJlo'l- HblMH nO)l.BeCKaMH 1 An CTeJInam.a napaMeTp II III IV V qHCJIO nOABeCOK, WT 12 16 20 24 28 fpY30nOA'beMHOCTb CTeJIJla- 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 !!Ka, Kr BbiCOTa CTeJIJI a}l{a, MM 4142 5361 6580 7799 9018 MOUJ.HOCTb npHBOAa, KBT 4,0 5,5 5,5 7,5 7,5 Macca CTeJIJI a}l{a, Kr 3760 4470 5240 5840 6510 n p H M e q a H H e rpY3000)].'bCMHOCTb o)].Holl OO)].BCCKH 250 Kr, CKOpOCTb )].BH- lKeHHII il'lIroBoll neOH 8 M/MHH 3.nBaTopHble CTe.n.na:>KH MOrYT 6bITb nO.nHOCTblO aBTOMa- IfH3HpOBaHbI H npHMeHHTbCH npH He6oJIbillOM qHCJIe HaHMe- HOBaHHH rpY30B H BbICOKOH HX 060pa4HBaeMOCTH CepHHHO 3.neBaTOpHbIe CTeJIJIa:>KH H3roTOBJIHIOT JleHHHrpa.n:CKOe Ma- IllHHOCTpOHTeJIbHOe 06'be.n:HHeHHe HM KapJIa MapKCa, npe.n:- npUHTHH MHm.neKTpOTeXnpOMa, MaIllHHOCTpmlTe.nbHbIX MH- HUCTepCTB H .n;p. XapaKTepHCTHKa BbmYCKaeMbIX npOMbIlIl- .neHHOCTblO 3.neBaTOpHbIX CTeJIJIa:>Keii npHBe.n:eHa B Ta6JI 4.11 H 4 12. Ba:>KHbIM BonpOCOM npH npoeKTHpoBaHHH COBpeMeHHbIX MexaHH3HpOBaHHbIX CKJIa.n;OB lIlTyqHbIX rpY30B HBJIHeTCH T a 6 JI H U. a 4 12 TeXHH'IeCKaH xapaKTepHCHIKa YHHcjlHII.HpOBaHHblx 9J1e- BaTopHblx CTeJlJl3>KeH C HII>KHIIM pacnOJlO>KeHHeM opHBOJl,a TIAII UNIJId}l{a IldpdMcrp I II III IV q\tCJlO nOABeCOK, lilT Ot{HonOJlOtJHbIX C warOM 304,8 MM 24 32 40 43 KplOKOBbIX C warOM 609,6 MM 12 16 20 24 fpY30UO)l.'beMHOCTb CTeJlJla}l{a, Kr 3000 4000 5000 6000 Bb!COTa CTeJlJla}l{a, MM 4195 5414 6633 7852 MOUJ.HocTb npHBOA3, KBT 2,2 3,0 3,0 4,0 Macca CTeJlJla)K3, Kr 3000 3770 4435 5120 oK 50 r :0;0TtX;g:'b::0':.°8T/oHecKH O)].HOOO'/iO'IHOIl 125 Kr, KPWKO- 85 
KBaJIM cpH10I P OB a H lloe KOHCTpy"pOB3HHe Me- Ta JIJI OKOHCTPYKIl DB cTeJIJIa)Keii C IleJibIO 1 06eCnelJ:eHHH BWCOKOH )'Z HX Ha)I.e)KHOCTH npM MHHHMaJIbHOM pacxo- .n:e MeTaJIJIa Ha HHX. PaClJ:eTbI CTeJJJJa- )KeH peKOMeH)J.YeTCJI npOBO,lJ.HTb no MeTO- )I.ltKe, H3JIO)KeHHoi't B pa60Te (3], OCHOBaH- HOH Ha 06lll.HX MeTO- )l.ax paClIeTOB MeTaJl- JIOKOHCTPYKIlHH Ha npOlJ:HOCTb H YCTOHlJ:H- BOCTb, H3BeCTHbIX H3 reopHH cOnpOTHBJJe- HIUI MaTepHaJJOB H CTpOHTeJIbltOH Mexa- HUKH OcnoBHbIMH 9JJe- MeHT<lMH, KOTopbre paCClJ:HTbIBaCH H )I.OJJ)KHbI 6WTb BbI6paHbI Ha OCHOBaHHH 3THX paClJ:eTOB, Y Kap- K3CHblX CTeJIJlaJKeH HBJIHCH CTOHKH It npo)I.OJJbHWe npo- TOHbI, a B 6ecnOJIO'IHbIX CTeJIJIa>Kax - CTOHKH H onopHNe KOHCOJIH )I.JIH rpY3a Hecyw.He 3.1eMeHTbI .n:pyrHx, CneIlHaJIb- h1>IX THnOB creJJJIa>KeH (TynHKoBbIX, rpaBHTauHoHHwX) pac- CQHTbIBaIOTCSI aHaJIOrHlJ:HO. PaClJ:eTbI KapKacHoro CTeJIJIa)Ka peKOMeH)I.yeTcSI BeCT" B cJJe.zI.YIOl11.eii nOCJIe,lJ.OBaTeJIb HOCTH (pHC 4 17): on pe)I.eJIeHHe cYMMapHbIx HarpY30K, )I.eHcTBYIOlll.HX Ha CTOHKY; BbI60p CelJ:eHHH H np()(tJHJIeH .n:JIH CTOHKH CTeJI.TJa>Ka, paClJ:eT BeTBH CTOHKH Ha npOlJ:HOCTb H YCToA4HBOCTb B nJJOCKOCTH CTOHKH; Bbl:60p H npOBepOlJ:HbIH paClJ:eT npoqJlIJJeH .n:.1H pacKocoB; paClJ:eT CTOHKH Ha 06lll.YIO YCTOHlJ:I1BOCTb B ee nJIOCKOCTIt; BH60p ceQeHIISI nporoHa 110 )I.OnycKaeMoH J\ecpopMaUHHj onpe;n,eJleHHe onopHbIx MOMeHTOB B npo.n:OJIbHblX nporoH3x H CToHKax CTeJlJI3)Ka; YTOlJ:HeHHbIH paClJ:eT nporoHa H3 np()ll- HOCTb H .n:ecj)0pMaUlJIO; paClJ:eT CTOHKH Ha o6w.ylO YCTOi'IlJ:HBOCTb B nJIOCKOCTH CTeJIJIa)Ka; paclJ:eT nOnepelJ:HbIX cBH3eH, coe).!."- HHIOlll.HX nporoHbI. ..  ....  \ \ If tt . :-f S Pole. "..7 Oc:8..._ .._...... lIapKacHoro CTeJl- _. .wClllpaeliwe IUL OCHO....HII npo'lHOCTHbiX pac..no." I - CTOAKa. 2 - ...-. , - PacKOC; 4 - npo- jllaBbHWI npOl'OH. j - nOnepe'lBaK CBIlJb. 10 - IIblCOTa CToAKB, I. - BOTa BeTBH, b - WHPH- In CTeJlJlaJKa. In - upMer nporOHa '{JIII mar  C'I'__E 'II - IIWCora IIPYca 16 J 
.lI.JHI paCqeTOB CTeJlJla1KeH .zr,OJl1KHbI 6mb 3a)I.aHbI KOH- CTPYKTHBuaH cxeM3 H OCHOBHbIe nap8MeTpbI CTeJlJlI1Ka (BbICOTa, IIIHpHlIa, )I.JlHHa, tJHCJlO HPYCOB H BblCOTa Ka1K,l(orO Slpyca, .H:JIHH3 HtJeHKH, qHCJlO HqeeK no )I.JlHHe), HarpY3Ka Ha HqeHKY H xapaxrep nepe.zr.a HarpY3KH Ha nporoHbI (CJlO no.zr..n.oooB B HqeHKe, pa3MepbI H KOHCTpYKUHH nOMoHos- C H01KKaMH HJlH nJIOCKHe). CYMMapHaSl HarpY3Ka H3 CTOHKY CTeJlJla1Ka CKJIa,ZlbIBaeTcSI OObltJHO "3 HarpY3KH OT c06CTBeHHoro BeC8 CTeJIJIa1Ka H OT Beca rpY3a H onpe.zr,eJIHeTCH no $opMYJIe N = zxs(gk a + GKu) + N Km . (4.1 ) r.-e z - qHCJlO HPYCOB B CTeJIJlaJKe no BbiCore; x - IIMCJlO nOAAOROD C rpY30M no llmpHHe CTeJlJla1K8 (AJJfl O)lHOCTOPOU- Hero CTeJIJla1Ka x = I, )J.JIH )l.DYCTopoHHero x = 2); s- qMeJlO nO.!f.)l.OHOB. YCTaHaB.nIfBaeMbIX B fl'leHKY CTeJlJla>K3 (peKOMeH)l.YeTCH S = 2 "JIH S = 3); g - c06cTBeHHblH Bee CTeJlJla1K8 B pactJeTe Ha O,ZlHY rpY30BYIO CKJIa,l(CKYIO e.zr,umru.y (npH npOeKTHpOBaHHIt CTeJIJIa>KeH JJ.JJH nO)l)l.OHOB pa3Me- paMH 1200 x 800 MM rpY30nO,Zl'beMHOCTblO 1 T MO)KHO "PH"K- MaTb g = 40-:-60 Kr/nO,Zl, )lJJH HUUlqHblX nOnOHOO pa3Me- paM" 800x600 MM - g = 25-:-35 Kr/nolJ.); G _' Bee nO)t- aoua C rpY30M; ka - K03cjxpHUHeHT 3anaca, npHHHMaeMblH paBHblM 1,1; X n - Ko*plfUHeHT neperpY3KH, npHHHMae- MblH paBHblM 1,3; Nr;m - HarpY3Ka OT .zr.aOJ1eHHfl XO.llOBoro KOJIeCa KpaHa-IIITa6eJIep8 ()l.06aSJlHeTCH B CJlyqae onHpauHH DOlJ.KpaHOBblX nYTeH Ha CTeJIJI81KH). Ha CTOHKY CTeJIJI8m8 KpoMe BepTHK8J1hHblX MorYT T3K)I(e ,neHcTBOBaTb rOpH30HTaJIbHbIe HarpY3KH OT CJIyqaHHOrO 3aue- nJleHHH 3a CTeJlJI3)K rpY303axBaToM llITa6eJIHpYlOw.eH Ma- IlIHHbI, KoropbIe Tome ,ZlOJImHbI 6bITb yqTCllbI B paCqeT,ax BbI- COTHLIX 6ccnOJIOqHblX CTeJl.'Ia)KeH (B CJIyqae, eCJIH HX BbiCOTa B 6 pa3 Ii 60JIee npeBbIIllaeT HX IlIHpHHY). 3.'IeMeHTbI Hli3KHX CTeJIJIameH (BbICOTOii ,Zl0 5 M), He BOC- npliHHMaIOIll.HX RarpY3KH OT KpaHoB-IIITa6eJIepOB, 113roTa. BJIIiBalOTCH H3 CTaJIH MapKH B CT3Kn, a 3JIeMeHTbI 60J1ee BbICOKHX H HH3KHX CTeJlJI8meH, Ha KOHCTPYKlll!H KOTOpbIX onHpalOTCH no.zr,KpaHOBbIe nYTH KpaHOB-IIITa6eJIepOB, H3ro- TOBJIHIOTCfI H3 CT8JIH MapKH B CT3nc. OpH paCqeTaX 3JIeMeHTOB CTeJlJIaJKeH Da npOqI!OCTb H YCTOHqHBOCTb paCqeTHoe conporHBJleHHe )J.JIfI 3J1eMeHTOB MeT3JIJIHqeCKHX CTeJIJIalKeH 83 CTaJlH CT3 M01KeT npHHHMaTbCJI (R J = 1890 Kr/cM'J.. iff 
16i]t I 8t:u PRC. 4 18. KORCTPYKTHBHble HCnOJIlleHHR CToeK CTeJlJl8J11B 110 reOMeTpH'IeUHM cxeM8M YCTBHOBKH 1I0llepe'lHLlX cBRsell H paCKOCOB H8HOOJIee 9KOHOMHqHOH C TOqKH 3peHHSI p8<;XO)1.8 MeT8JIJIa HBJIfleTCfI KOHCTPYKUHH CTOHKH, BbInOJIHeHH8f1 B BH)1.e nJIO- CKOM reOMeTpHqeCKH HeH3MeHHeMOH p8CKOCHOH pMN O 06'bflCHfleTCfI TeM, qTO BeTBH CTOHKH 06blqHO paSHOCflTCSI )1.Pyr OT )1.pyr8 H8 60JIbillYlO IlII1PI1HY (600-800 MM) H n03TOMY CBH3b1BaTb HX B nJIOCKOCTH CTOHKI1 9JIeMeHT8MH, p860T81OlUHMH KaK nJIaHKH B COCTaBHbIX CTep:>KHflX, HeueJIeco06p83HO KOHCTPYKTHBHO CTOHKH CTeJIJIa:>Ka MorYT HMeTb pa3JIHQ- Hble HCnOJIHeHHH no reOMeTpHqeCKHM cxeM8M KaK B O)1.HO- CTOpOHHHX (pHC. 4.18, a, 6), T8K H B )1.BYCTOPOHHHX CTeJIJIa- >Kax (pHC. 4.18, e-e). YroJI a. Me:>K)1.Y BeTBHMI1 CTOHKH H pacKocaMH peKoMeH)1.yeTcfI npHHHM8Tb B npe)1.eJI8X 40-50°. npcxt>HJIb, H3 KOToporo )1.0JI:>KH8 COCTOflTb CTOHKa CTeJIJla.ma, Bbl6HpaeTCSI c yqeTOM Toro, qT06bI fH6KOCTb BeTBH He npe- BblCHJIa )1.0nYCTHMYIO rH6KOCTb [A] = 120 npHBe)1.eHHaH rw6- KOCTb BceH CTOHKH B nJIOCKOCTH CTOHKH T8K:>Ke He .nOJ}:>KHa npeBbIllI8Tb )1.0nYCTHMYIO npI1 9TOM, nOCKOJIbKY Bce 9JIeMeHTbI CTOHKH, KaK H pac- KOCHoA cpePMbI, pa60T81OT TOJIbKO Ha p8CTH:>KeHHe H C:>KarHe, MO:>KHO paCCMaTpHBaTb rH6KOCTb TOJIbKO OJlHOH, HH:>KHeH, BeTBH CTOHKH, npHHHM8S1 cxeMbI 3aKpenJIeHHH KOHUO,B 1lI8p- HHPHblMH, a H8rpY3KY COCpe)1.OTOQeHHOH Ha BepXHeM KOHue CTOHKH. MHHHM8JIbHbIH Tpe6yeMbIH p8JlHYC HHepUHH CeQeHHH BeTBH CTOHKH onpe.neJIfleTCfI no <popMYJIe r mln = /llBj[A], (4.2). r.ne ... - K03<p<pHUHeHT paCQeTHOH )1.JIHHbI C:>KaTOrO CTep:>KHH (BeTBH CTOHKH), onpe.neJIfleMbIH B 3aBHCHMOCTH 01 cxeMbi SaKpenJIeHHH H HarpY3KH Ha CTep:>KeHb (.nJlH npHHHTbIX YCJIo- BHM ... = 1); [A.] = 120 - npe.neJlbHaH rH6KOCTb )I.JIfI BeTBH CTOHKH CTeJlJIa>Ka; I B - reOMeTpHQeCKaH ,ll,JlHHa BeTBH cToiiJm. 58 
3Hafl r mln, no copTaMeHTY BbI6HpalOT Heo6xo.n:HMbIH npo- Hnb .n:nfl BeTBH CTOHKH KaK npaBHno, CTOHKH enalOT H3 rOpflqeKaTaHoro lUBeJlnepa no rOCT 8240-72* HJ1H H3 xono.n:HorHYToro lUBennepa no rOCT 8278-83. KOHCTpYKTHBHble HcnonHeHHfI CToeK KapKacHoro CTeJ1- Jla)Ka B ropH30HTanbHoM CeqeHHH nOKa3aHbI Ha pHC 4.19. CTOHK» BbInonHfllOT H3 OT.n:enbHbIX lUBenJ1epOB, lUBennepoB C BBapeHHoH nonocoH HnH BH.n:e Kopo6KH H3 )I.BYX lUBeJ1- nepoB, 06palll.eHHbIX nonKaMH )I.Pyr K .n:pyry. HaH60nee oj  x 5) I:S 8) 2 z) 2 ll7 iJ) x ,II, I Iff  Yo Yo b y, y, x Ln y,x y , 2 II:) PHC. 4. t 9 KOHCTPYKTHBHblC cxeMbi KapKacHbix O,II,HOCTOpOIIHHX fa, 6) e .l\BY'1:0- pOHHHX f,,-d) cTe.JIJlaJlleii B ropHSOHTllJIbHOM paspesc: I I - KpaJ!IIHe BeTBH cTollKH CTCJlJlaJIIa; 2 - CpC.I\H>U1 BeTHh CTOJ!KH. B - mHpH.. clrcJlJlama. xx II UU - OCD IIHCPIIHH CeqCIIHJ! 89 
neJleCoo6pa3HO npHMeHHTb fHyme npRMoyrOJIbHhle Ii nep<fJo- pnpOBaHHMe npHJIM, OAHaKo UX npHMeHeHHe orpaHHH- BaeTCR H3-3a MaJIOrO OCBoeHMH HX npOMblllIJIeHHOCTblO nOCKOJIbK,y creJIJIa.>KH npeACTaBJ1SJIOT c060H reOMeTpK- qeCKH M3MeHSleMYIO paMY, npHJIH CToeK ueJIecoo6pa3Ho CT8BHTb TaK, qTo6bI MX nJIOCKOCTb HaHOOJIbllleii JKeCTKOCTH 6b1J1a H8npaBJIeHa BAOJIb nJIOCKOCTIi CTeJIJIa>Ka B BYCTO- pOHHHX CTeJIJIa.>Kax cpeAHHH BeTBb CTOMKM COCTaBJlHeTCSI B BMAe KOpooRH M3 ABYX IlIBeJIJIepOB Taro .>Ke HOMepa, lITO 6MJI BbI6paH AJIH KpaHHeH BeTB" CTOHKH H3 YCJIOBHH 06ec- neqeHHH HenpeBblllJeHHH npeAeJIbHOH rM6KocTM [AI = 120 (pHC. 4.19, 8, 2) .IlPYrHM KOHCTPYKTHBHblM perneHHeM MO- >KeT (}hlTb npHMeHeHlIe ,lI,./HI cpeAHeD BeTBH CTOHKH OAHoro lllBeJlJlepa 60JlbrnerO HOMepa (pMC 4 19, a). npOBepOqHl>lH paCqeT BeTBH Ha npO'lHOCTb BblnOJIHHeTCSI B cJIyqae HaJIllqllH B npHJlS!x oTBepcTHH (HanpHMep, AJISI (}OJITOBbiX coeAIIHeHHH B pa360pllbIX CTeJIJIa.>Kax), oCJIa6J1S1- IOUlIiX CeqeHlle BeTBIl. PacqeT BeTBIi CTOHKH Ha npOqHOCTb npOll3BOAIITCSI no IJIoPMYJIe a = Na/F: -< (RJ, (4.3) f.l1e N 8 - paCqeTllaH HarpY3Ka Ha BeTBb, Kr; F= - nJIOUl3.11b CeqeHHSI BeTB" neTTO, CM 2 , [R I - pacqeTHoe conporHBJIeHHe CTaJiK C}KaTHIO liJl" paCTH.>KeHIlIO PaCileTHaH narpY3Ka Ha BeTBb onpe.l1eJISIeTCH no <popMyne N B = Nlm B , (44' f.l1e N - cYMMapHaH HarpY3Ka Ha CTOHKY CTeJIJIa.>Ka, onpe- .I1eJIS!eMafi no <popMYJIe (4 1); m B - KOJIllqeCTBO BeTBeH CTOHKH (AJlfI O.l1HOCTOpOHlIefo CTeJIJIa.>Ka paBHo 2; MIS! ABYCTOPOH- Hero - 3). PaCqeT BeTBH CTOIIKII na YCTOHqHBOCTb BbInonHS!1OT no clJopMYJIe (J = Na/(fJ>F) '" [RJ, rAe F - nJIOlll.a,ab CeqeIIMH BeTEH 6PYTTO, CM 2 , <p1fI.J.HeHT npo,aOJIbHOrO H3f1l6a, onpe,aeJIHeMbIH MOCTH aT rH6KocTH A. .aJIH onpe.l1eJIeHHH Ko3<j:xpHLUleHT8 npo,aOJIbHOrO H3rH6a fJ> <paKTHqeCKafi rll6KocTb BeTBIi paCCqHTbIBaeTCH no <popMYJIe A = (!LI B )/, RI1' (4/.6) r].I.e I. - reOMeTpllqeCKafi .lI.JIHHa BeTBH crOHKH CTeJIJIa.>Ka;  - K09qxlmUHeHT paCqeTH0I1 ].lJIHHbI (AJISI npHHS!TbIX YCJlo- 90 (45) fJ>- K0 9<P- B 3aBIlCU- 
BRH Ii = 1); Tq- pa)J,"Yc JUlep- i' U,HH CeqeHHH BeT814 OTJlOCMTeJJb- q9tJO no OCR. nepneHJlHKYJlRpHOii K OCH crOHK". KOlI,HeHT npo)l.OJIbHOrO 6,600 U3rH6a qJ MO)!{eT 6b1Tb onpe)!e- JleH no rpacpHKY, nOKa3aHHoMY 8a pHC 4 20. ECJIH OKa1ReTCH, '1TO a!:> [R J. TO Heo6xo)JJ:IMO 4300 )l.JlSI BeTBH BbI6paTb 60J1bllJHH npo<PJlJIb HJIB YMeHbllJHTb reo- 0.150 MeTpH'IeCKyro ,nJ1HHY In BeTBIl JOIfO 80 1lO 1{j(J), CTOHKH creJ1J1ama B CHOBa npo- :"H::a := :: BeCTH npOBepOtJHbIH paC'IeT BeT- ru6a II> OT rH6KOC1H CJI<&10rG BH Ha npO'IHOCTb H YCTOH'IHBOCTb ".1IeMfflT& " no cpopMYJIaM (4 3), (4 5) DpH paCqeTaX ABYCTopoHHero CTeJ1JIa}Ka npoBepKa Ha npOqHOCTb H YCTOHqHBOCTb no cpopMYJ1aM (4.3), (4 5) Bblno.n- IlSIeTCSI TOJlbKO )lJJSI KpaHllei'! BeTEII CTOHKH (CM. pHC 4.19). ECJ1H CeqeHHe cpeAHeH Cl0HKH )lBYCTopOIIHero CTeJIJla1Ka BbInOJ1UeHO B BHAe Kopo6KH H3 ABYX llJBeJ1J1epOB TaKoro )!{e HOMepa, qTO H OAHHOqHbIH llJBeJIJ1ep KpailHeH CTOHKH, TO B CJIyqae BbInOJIHeHHSI YCJ10BHH (4.3), (4 5) AJJSI KpaHHeH BeTBlf CTOHKM OHM 06H3aTeJIbHO BbInOJIlHllOTCSI H AJ1SI cpe,nHeii CTOHKH. 'TaK KaK OT C)!{HMalOll.I,HX HarpY30K HanpSI)!{eHHe B cpe.D.Heii BeTBH CTOHKM 6YAeT TaKHM )!{e, RaK H B KpaiiHHX BeTBHX (113-3a paBeHCTBa HarpY30K H nJ10)JJ:I CeqeHHSI) B TO )!{e BpeMS! pa)JJ:IYc HHepURH Kop06qaTOrO CeqeHHH OTHOCHTeJlbHO OCM y-y (CM. pRC 4 19) 6YAeT 3HaqHTeJ1bHO OOJIbIlle, qeM y O)l.HHOqHOrO lllBeJIJlepa npaHHeH CTOHKIl OTHOCIlTeJ1bHo OCH y-y CJ1eAOBaTeJ1bHO, y cpe.n.Heii CTOHKH rH6KOCTb A 6Y)leT MCllhille. a K03(j)(tJHlJ.HCIIT IJpO,1J,OJ1bHOrO H3fH6a qJ- 6o.nbwe PacKocbI, CBSI3bIBalOUl,He Me)!{AY C060H OTAeJIbHbIe BeTBR CTOHKH CTeJJJla)!{a B nJIOCKOCTH CTOHKH, pa60TalOT KaK lJ.eH- 'TpaJlbHO C)!{aTbIe HJIH n.eHTpaJJbHO pacTHHyrble CTep)!{HH-. npOcpHJIb paCKOCOB no.n6HpaeTcS! no copTaMeHTY Ha OCHOBa- HHH MHHHMaJIbHOrO Tpe6yeMoro paAHyca HHeplJ.HH ero celIe- flHfI. KOTOpbIH Onpe)l.enSIeTCH no $oPMyne r mln p = Ip/{"-pJ. (4.7) r)le ip - paCqeTHaSI )l.JlHHa pacKoca, npHHHMaeMaH paSHO" ero reoMeTpH'IeCKOH .lJ,JIHHe. CM; lAp} - npe.neJIbHaH rH6- KOCTb. np»HHMaeMaS! AJIH paCKoca paBHoH 150. 91 
PaCKOCbI 06bIQHO .n.eJIalOT H3 yrOJIKOB, KaTaHbIX HJIH my- IfbIX IIlBeJIJIepOB, KpyrJIbIX HJIH npHMoyrOJIbHbIX Tpy6. C TOqKH speHHH 3KOHOMHH MeTaJIJIa HaH60JIee ueJIeC006pa3HO .n.eJIaTb paCKOCbI H3 Tpy6 KpyrJIOro HJHI npHMoyroJIbHOrO CeqeHHH PaCKOCbI npOBepHIOTCH Ha YCTOHqHBOCTb OT .n.eikTBHH YCJIOB- HOH IlOnepeQHOH CHJIbI QYLJI no CPOPMY JIe I up = 20F/(Sln excpFg) <: [RI, (4.8) r.n.e F - nJIOlll.a.ll.b CeqeHHH 6pYTTO CTOHKH KaK COCTaBHoro CTep>KHR, CM 2 ; Fg - nJIOlll.a.ll.b CeQeHHH 6pY1TO paCKoca, CM 2 , ex - yroJi Me>K.lI.Y BepTH KaJIbHOH BeTBblO CTOHKH H pac- KOCOM, 0; cp - K03<p<p H UHeHT npo.n.OJIbliOrO H3rH6a, onpe.ll.e- JJHeMbIH no rpacpHKY Ha pHC. 4 20 B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT cpaKTH- qeCKOH rH6KOCTH pacKoca. rH6KOCTb paCKoca onpe.ll.eJIHeTCH no <p<>pMYJIe Ap = ip/rp, (4.9) tp.e t p - paCqeTHaH .n.JIHHa paCKoca, npHHHMaeMaH paBHOH eo reOMeTpHqeCKOH .n.JIHHe, CM, rp - pa.n.HYC HHepUHH ceqe- HUH paCKoca, CM. ,lJ,eikTBYIOIlI.He HanpH>KeHHH B paCKocax 06hIqHO HeBe- JlHKH. U03TOMY, KaK npaBHJIO, npOBepoqHOrO paCqeTa HX Ha YCTOHqHBOCTb He Tpe6yeTcH, a OKa3bIBaeTCH .lI.0CTaToqHblM Bbl6paTb npocpHJIb .lI.JIH paCKoca H3 YCJIOBHH HenpeBblIIleHHH npe.ll.eJIbHOH ru6KOCTH: Ap <: [A p I = 150. I1Hor.ll.a npH He60JIbIIlHX HarpY3Kax Ha CTeJIJIa>K .n.JIH SKOHOMHH MeTaJIJIa ueJIeC006pa3Ho npHHHTb KOHCTPYKTHB- HYIO cxeMY CTOHKH CTeJIJIa>Ka, KaK nOKa3aHO Ha pHC. 4.18, e. B 3TOM cJIyqae pacKocbI H nOnepeqHble CBH3H TaK>Ke BbI6H- palOTcH C TaKHM paCqeTOM, qT06bI HX ru6KOCTb He npeBbICHJIa HopMaTHBHylO rH6KOCTb lAp] = 150 Upn onHpaHHH Ha nOnepeqHbIe CBH3H npOMe>KYTOqHbIX npO.ll.OJIbHbIX nporOHOB 3TH CBH3H paCCqHlbIBalOTCH t:Ia H3ru6 KaK O.ll.HOnpOJIeTHbIe .lI.ByxonopHble 6aJIKn HanpHMep, npn ABYX npOMe1KYTOqHbIX nporOHax, pacno.rIO>KeHHbIX Ha paB- hOM paccToHHHH OT BeTBeH CToeK H .lI.pyr OT .lI.pyra, cpopMYJJa AJIH opOBepKH npOQHOCTH nOnepeQHOH CER3H HMeeT BH.lI. u = (Pnln. c)/(3W 0) <: lR], (4.10) r.n.e Po - HarpY3Ka Ha nOnepqHYIO CBH3b OT Ka>K.lI.OrO npo- AOJIbHOrO nporOHa, Kr; ill. C - npOJIeT nOnepeQHOH CBH3" (paccToHHue Me>K.lI.Y BeTBHMH croiiKH) , CM; W 0 - MOMeHT ItHepu.HH CeQeHHH nOnepeQHOH CBH3H B BepTHKaJIbHOii nJIO- CKOCT", CM 3 . 92 
HarF'Y3Ka Pn onpe,ll.eJIHeTCH no cpopMYJIe Pn = (1,3Gxs)/(m 1 m 2 ), (4 11J r,ll.e m 1 - KOJIHI.JeCTBO nporoHoB no IImpHHe CTeJ1JIam8j m 2 - KOJIHI.JeCTBO nOnepeI.JHH B HI.Jei'lKe CTeJIJIama, Ha KOTO- pble onHpaIOTcH nporoHbI npH paCI.JeTe 06lll.eH YCTOHI.JHBOCTH CTOHKH CTeJIJIama B nJIO- CKOCTH CTOHKH OHa paCCMaTpHBaeTCH KaK COCTaBHOH IJ.eH- TpaJIbHO cmaTbIH CTepmeHb npOBepKa YCTOHI.JHBOCTH CTOHKH BbInOJIHHeTCH no cpopMYJIe ()' = Nc/(cpcF) -< [R], (4.12) r,ll.e N c - CYMMapHaH HarpY3Ka Ha CTOHKY, Kr; F1. - 06lll.aH nJIOlll.a,ll.b CeI.JeHHH Bcex BeTBeH CTOllKH 6PYTTO, CM 2 ; CPe- KOHIJ.HeHT npO,ll.OJIbHOrO H3rH6a CTOHKH KaK COCTaBHoro CTepmHH K03cpcpHIJ.HeHT npO,ll.OJIbHOrO H3rH6a CTOHKH CPe Mome1' 6bITb onpe,ll.eJIeH no rpacpHKY Ha pHC 4 20 B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT npHBe,ll.eHIIOH rlI6KOC II! 1.11£1' KOTopan BbII.JIICJIHeTCH no <popMYJIe np = V A + K' F/ Fp, (4.13) r,ll.e K' - KOHIJ.HeHT, 3aBHCHlll.HH OT yrJIa Mem,ll.Y paCKO- caMH II BeTBbIO CTOHKH H nplIHIIMaeMbIH paBHbIM: K' = 45 npH a = 30°, K' = 31 npH a = 40° II K' = 27 npH a = = 45+60°; F1. - 06lll.aH nJIOlll.a,ll.b nonepeI.JHOrO CeI.JeHHH CTOHKH, CM 2 ; Fp - 06lll.aH nJIOlll.a,ll.b nOnepeI.JHOrO CeI.JeHl:IH pacKocoB, CM 2 ; Ay - rH6KocTb CTOHKH OTHOCIITeJIbHO OCM y-y, onpe,ll.eJIHeMaH no <popMYJIe 1.'1 oc= (pl.)/'II' (4.14) ,lJ.JI5I CTOHKH, npHKpenJIeHHOH K IIOJJY CKJIa,ll.a nYTeM npH- BapKH K 3aKJIa,ll.HbIM JIIICTaM HJIH <PYH,lI.aMeHTHbIMH 6oJITaMH). npHHHMaeTcH cxeMa 3aKpenJIeHHH CTOHKH KaK mecTKo Salll.eMJIeHHe, KOHIJ.HeHT paCI.JeTHOH ,lI.JIHHbI  = 1,12. HarPY3Ka npHHHMaeTcSI paBHoMepHo pacnpe,ll.eJIeHHOH no BceH BbiCOTe CTOHKH. reOMeTpHI.JeCKa5I BbiCOTa (,lI.JIHHa) CTOi'IKH Ie npHHHMaeTCH OT HHmHero OCHOBaHHH CTeJJJIama ,lI.O ero onopHOH nOBepx- HOCTH ,lI.JIH rpY3a BepxHero Hpyca Pa,ll.HYc HHepllHH CeI.JeHHH CTOHKH 'y OTHOCHTeJIbHO OCH y-y MomeT 6bITb npHHHT G ,lI.OCTaTOI.JHOH TOI.JHOCTblO \) 
paBHblM paCCTOSlHHIO OT OCR tmepIUIH ce<IeHIIH CTOHKH g-!I (B060,l{HOH OCH») ,l{0 OCH HHepu.HH CetJ:eHHH BeTBH: .. /7; 11 2 (J B + a ..) .. / 2ail .. 'II = V Fc = F-;;-- V 2F B = ay. (4 15) Co6cTBeHHblH MOMeHT HHepu.HH CeqeHHH BeTBH J. OlleHb M8J1 no cpaBHeHHIO C OOw.HM MOMeHTOM HHepLUiH CetleHHSI croAKH OTHOCHTeJ1bHO OCD !I-Y, H il03TOMY HM MOJKHO npeHe6pe%. OpoBepKa 06w.eH YCTOHtJ:HBOCTH CTOHKH B nJIOCKOCTH crOAKH BblnOJIHHeTCH TOJIbKO ,l{JUI Y3KHX H BbICOKHX CTeJIJIa- JKeA npH YCJIOBHH le/(2a y ) > 6, (4 16) r.ne Ie - BbICOTa CTOHKH; a y - paCCTOftHHe OT OCH HHepQHH CeqeHHH CTOHKH Y-Y ,l{O OCH HHepu.HH CeqeHHH OTAeJlbHOH IIeTBH flt-fll- EC.IIH B CKJIa,l{e YCT8HaBJIliBalOTCH O,l{HOBpeMeHHO H O)lHO- cropoHHHe H ABYCropoHHHe CTeJIJIa.1KH ('lT0 06b1t1HO H HMee'I Mecro) , TO Ha 06w.ylO YCTOHtJ:HBOCTb ,l{OCTaTOtJ:HO paCC'IHTaTb CToiiKY O,l{HOCTOpOHHerO CTeJIJIa>Ka .lI.onOJIHHTeJIbHOH npOBepKH Ha 06w.ylO YCTOHqHBOCTb CTOAKH ABYCTOpOHHerO CTeJIJIa}K3, COCTaBJlel-lHOH "3 TaKHX »te npo$HJIeA, lITO H CTOHKli O,ll.HOCTOpOHHerO CTeJIJla)Ka, He Tpe6yercH, TaK KaK ycrOHtlHBOCTb ,l{BYCTopOHHero CTeJlJla>Ka OYT o6ecnetJ:eHa. CTeJIJI<UK He paCCtJ:HTbIBaeTCH Ha YCTOUqHBOCTb B fiJIO- CKOCTii CTeJIJIa>Ka, TaK KaK OTHOlIleHHe BbICOTbI CTeJIJIa2Ka 10 K ero ,lI.JIHUe Le leI Le -< 6 OpH paCtJ:eTe Hpyca (ytJ:aCTKa CTOHKH Me}K,lI.y nporOHaMH) H8 YCTOHtJ:HBOCTb B nJIOCKOCTH CTeJIJIa>Ka Heo6xo,l{HMO ytJ:H- TbIBaTb, qTO npO,l{OJlbilbIe nporOHbI, pacnOJIaraeMbIe, KaK npaBHJIO, ,lI.OBOJIbHO qaCTO, YMeHbllIaIOT B ,ltOCTaTOqHOH CTeneHU reOMeTpHqecKYIO BbICOTY Hpyca (,lI.JIHHY BeTB"). n03TOMY tJ:aCTO OKa3bIBaeTCH, liTO ,lI.OIlOJIHHTeJIbHOH "PO- BepKH Hpyca CTOHKYI Ha ycrOH'lHBOCTb B lIJIOCKOCTH CTeJIJla>Ka He rpe6yeTCH. .lI.JIH Toro 'lTo6bI pellIHTb BOIlpOC, Tpe6yercH JIH B Ka>KJlOM KOHKpeTHOM CJIyqae npOBepKa ycrOHtJ:HBOCTH Jlpyca B IlJIO- CKOCTH CTeJIJ'laJK3, He06xo)J.HMO paCCQHTaTb OTHOlIleHHR no- rOHHbIX JKeCTKOCTeH: 'H = illliDBi f. = is/in., (4.17) !M 
r)le ift - nOfOOH3J1 >KeCTKOCTb CTOHKH Me>K.lI.Y OnopaMH (Slpy- caNH); i UB II lUll - nOJlYCYMMa noroHHhlx >KecTKOCTeH "PO- AOJlbHHX npOrOHOB. npHMblK81OUJ,HX K HH>KHeMY II K Bepx- HeMY KOHQ.BM paCCMaTpl1BaeMOfO yqaCTKa CTOHKH MeJK.!tY SPYC8MH COOTBeTCTBeHHO. B KapKaCHbiX CTeJJJUI>KaX nporOHhI 06h1QHO npMHI1MalOTClI 83 OJl.HHaKOBblX npoq>HJleii BO Bcex Slpycax H paCCTOHHHe Me>K.lI.Y CTOHKaMH H SlPYMH CTeJIJIaJKa O.ll.l1HaKOBO no BceA MHHe CTeJlJl3>Ka. D03'J1OMY .nJIH CTeJIJIa>KeH MOJKHO npHHH- MaTb lu = I. = f = iR/i n . (4.18) DoroHHaH :meCTKOCTb Hpyca onpe.ll.eJlSleTCft no cpopMyne is = Jc,-z-xlis. (4.19) r)te Jc,:t-s - MOMeHT oHepnHH cToAKH OTHOCHTeJIbHO 0Cli x-x, c; la - BblCOTa Jlpyca CTeJlJla>Ka. DoroHHaH :meCTKOCTb nporoHa onpe.ll.eJISleTCSI no <p<>pMYJIe in = (Jp + J..D)I (2I n ), (4.20) r)te J: P H JeB - MOMeHTbI HHepaHH nporOHOB, paCnOJIO>KeH- HbiX cnpaBa H CJIeBa OT paCCMaTpHBaeMoH CTOHKH COOTBeT- CTBeHHO, CM'; In - )tJIHHa npOrOHa, CM. MOMeHTbI HHeplI.HH nporOHOB cnpaBa H CJIeBa, KaK npa- BHJIO, paBHhI. n03TOMY )tJIJI BTOpbIX H T. ]l.. CToeK no ]l.JIHHe CTeJLIIaJKa III = J olIo. (4.21) .LI.JIH KpaHHHx CToeK no }1JIHHe CTeJ1na1Ka in = J n /(21 n ). (4.22) MOMeHT HHepIUIH CeqeHHfI nporOHa onpeJ{eJUleTCH DO <ra6J1HaaM coplaMeHTa KaK xapaKTepl1CTI1Ka npocpHJ1SI, H3 KOToporo C.lI.eJ1aH nporOH, I1J1H (B CJJyqae npl1MeHeHHH COCTaB- "blX CeqeHHH) - no CPOpMy.n8M cOnpOTHBJIeHHfl MaTepHaJIOB. rH6KOCTb 9PYca 8 nJlOCKOCTH CTeJIJla>Ka onpeJleJJ'SJeTCfi no Qx>PMY.ue . As = (fi1a)Jr:t, (4.23) r.ne la - BhlCOTa Hpyca CTeJIJIa>Ka, CM; 's - pa.D.HYc HHep- aHH BeTBH CTOHKH OTHOCHTeJIbHO OCH x-x, M (onpe]l.eJ1HeTCSI no Ta6JIHuaM copTaMeHTa KaK xapaKTepHCTHKa npexpHJ1H, H3 KOToporo C.lI.eJ1aHa CTOHKa, HJIH no <p<>pMYJIe: ':AI = = V JxlF c ' r):.e J s - MOMeHT HHepUHH CeqeHHJI BeTBH CTOHKH OTHOCHTeJIbHO OCH x-x, £14 4 ; Fc - n.noCIJI.b CeqeBHH BeTBn, 95 
CM 2 );  - Ko3<l$HuHeHT paCqeT- HOH ,lI.J1HHbI, onpe,ll.eJIHeMbIH B 3a- BI1CHMOCTH OT OTHOIIleHHH no- rOHHbIX >KeCTKOTeU Hpyca ia H npO,ll.OJ1bHbIX npOrOHOB, npHMbI- KalOIIJ,HX K yqaCTKY CTOHK" Me>K- ,lI.y HpycaMI1 CHH3Y (inH) Ii CBep- xy (ina) l(03<l$HuHeHT paCqeTHOH ,lI.J1H- 1" Hbl  onpe,ll.eJIHeTCH no rpaqm- 'Ji/in Ky, H306pa.meHHOMY Ha pHO. 4.21. npoBepKa YCTOHql1BOCTH HPy- ca B nJ10CKOCTH CTeJIJ1ama He Tpe6yeTcH, eCJ1 11 rH6KOCTb Hpyca B nJIOCKOCTH CTeJ1JIa>Ka Aa B He- CKOJ1bKO pa3 MeHbille rH6KOCTH BeTBH CTOHKH B nJIOCKOCTH CTOH- KI1, qTO, KaK npaBI1J10, HMeeT MetTO "PH He60JIbIIlHX paCCTOHHHHX Me>K,lI.y HPYC8MH. CeqeHHe npcxpHJlH npO,ll.OJ1bHbIX npOrOHOB CTeJIJ18.m8 nO,ll.- r5HpaeTcH Ha OCHOB81U1H paCqeT8 Ha ,lI.OnYCKaeMylO ,lI.eq,Op- Mau.HIO npOrOHOB 38TeM npOrOHbI npOBepHIOTCH H8 npOq. HOCTb nyTeM p8CqeTOB H8 ,lI.eHCTBHe M8KCHM8JIbHbIX OnOpHblX MOMeH rOB KaK pl1reJ1H MHoi'03T8mHOH MHOrOnpOJIeTHoit p8MbI. I1pH npoeKTUpOBaH111f CTeJIJIameH ,lI.J1H MexaHU3HpOBaHHbIX CKJIa,ll.OB MoryT BCTpeTHTbCH HeCKOJIbKO CJIyq8eB Harpyme- hUH npO,ll.OJ1bHbIX nporOHOB, OCHOBHbIe H3 KOTOpbIX npHBe- lleHbI B Ta6JI. 4.13. 06IIJ,aH HarpY3Ka Ha SIqeHKY, He3aBI1CHMO OT cnoc06a nepe,ll.aqH ee Ha npO,ll.OJIbHbIe nporOHbI, Mo.meT 6bITb onpe,ll.e- eHa no <popMYJIe 1J5 t75 ! I(. 9 'HC. 4 21. 3UHCHMOCTio KOit4l4lH- "HeHTa paC'IeTHoA )l.JlHHbI 1& OT OTIIoweHHR norOHkblx lKeC:TKO- &:TeA Rpyc:a 'a H nporoHoB 'u npH paBHoil Bb(C:OTe RPYC:OB (1 - )l.JlR tlH.Hero Rpyc:a; :4 - )l.JlR OC:TaJlIo- HIoIX RPYC:OB. pac:nOJlOJl(eHHblX MelK)I.Y nporOHaMH) P a'i = sxGK uo . (4 24) r,ll.e 5 - QHCJ10 nO.ll..ll.OHOB C rpY30M, pa3MeIIJ,aeMbIX B HqeHKe no ,lI.JII1He CTeJ1J1ama, x - qHCJIO nO.ll..ll.OHOB C rpY30M, pa3- MeIIJ,aeMbIX no IIlHpHHe CTeJ!J1ama (JVIH O,ll.lIOCTOpOHHero CTeJIJla.ma x = I, ,lI.JIH ,lI.BYCTopoHHero - x = 2), G - Beo nOMOHa C rpY30M; Ku - K03<pqmuHeuT neperpY3KH, npH- JlH MaeMbIH paBHbIM 1,3. HarpY3Ka U8 O,ll.HH npO,ll.OJ1bHbIli nporou onpe,ll.eJIHeTCH no <popMYJ1e Pn = Pa'i/k, (4.25) rJ}.e k - QHCJ10 np OroUOB. YCT8UaBJ1HBaeMbIx BJ}.OJ1b CTeJIJI8m8. 96 
0:1 I e o i II o II:: !: 8- t::  = .4 ..  8- I: &, . .:s; 'oC:I: 'oC:I: 0::.:0 oC:I:o oC:I:o h = "'= = gj >< tr IS: II: IS: >.  >. 11:0;  II >.0{ t:( = = all "' 1:('" 0{1I "'III 0= 00 00 Oos :c= II...:' 11= 11= !;=  0 0 :.:t "'oC'l    =0 t::1 IC ='" ::! t:: o t:: :CE:= = ... = .... o >< t1i "'><- CGII<.,:t Q.,;zs II II 111:11 =:c 01111 ,j1 >.t:( 0= IS: 0  t:( 1::1 f< I:( 0:'" @ = 0 = 0 :I Q., >. = Q., >. 1:1 Q.,>.I:I uti t:::.:o...J t::lI:o...J t:::.:o...J .>111 O'I-JI 0'1..:' O'I "0 "111  ='" c:.- C'I:f :.:'" .. "'I'"'" ('1)00 ('I)I "'0: ..... - ..-... ""- '" lJ ""  ...:: =1 I ."I <"I  ..  01 " i \0  - 0 -cD i 0' . 0' . c<;>   "'I " = - .. 0',"", .. C\I :iI 0: ;.. go"" :I IC\I =/('1) '" ..:I.. t = O<il oo . 'g 2 ,":3;:;;: 0. CY 1i!"''''''' '" g:l =  =1 = IC\I I'"'" lcD ;.. Q,,-  II II II II .",. 0' 0' 0' {j m ID  - <:::>- <:::>- ill .....<:::>-   :I .....C;)o " :  .. '"  Na  ...:  :;, .... <::!r  <::!r ... C;)o Po ::Jo  ..... =aJ   .... Ci ('I) '<I' :x:: .,os  ::a :Ii!   ::a = t :r !  ::a = II o = u o  ..;. '" ::r = 0; '" ill ..... 4 MaJlHKOB O. B, 91 
HanpHMep, JVUJ CXeM Ra pHC. 4 19, a, 6 (O,ll.HOCTOPOH- HHe CTeJIJIaJKH) k = 2, ,lI.JISI cxeM Ha pHC. 4.19, 8, e k = 4, ,lI.JIH cxeMbI Ha pllC 4 19, iJ k = 3 .lJ.JIR aBTOMaTiUmpOBaHHbIx CKJIa,ll.OB npo<pHJIb ,!J.JIH opo- ,lI.OJIbHblX nporoHos CTeJIJIa)Ka nO,ll.6HpalOT HCXO,ll.H U3 cxeMbI HarpY1KeHHH no <popMYJIaM, npHBe,ll.eHHbIM B Ta6Jl 4.13, C TaKHM paCqeTOM, qT06bI MaKCHMaJIbHbIH nporI16 nporoHa f He npeBblCHJI .nonycnlMoH BeJlHqRHbI (5-6 MM). .lI.nH MexaHH3HpoBaHHbIx CKJI8,l1.0B MaKCHMaJIbHblii "PO- rHO nporOHa He ,lI.OJIJKeH npeBblIIl8Tb ,lI.OnYCTHMOH BeJlH'lHHbI, paBHoA 1/250 qacnl npOJleTa nporOHa In: f <: If J = 1 0 /250. (4.26) DporOHbl ,lI.eJIalOT 06bI'lHO H3 rOpH'leKaTaHoro IIlBeJIJIepa 110 rOCT 8240-72 HJIH H3 rHYToro IIlBeJIJIepa tlO rOCT 8278-75, a npH 60JIbIIlI1X OrpaHH'leHHHX Ha BbICOry nporoHoB - B BH,lI.e Kop06KH C BBapeHHoH B IIlBeJlJIep nOJIO- coA HJII1 H3 ,lI.BYX IIlBeJIJIepOB, O(Spaill.eHHbIX nOJIKaMH JI.PYP K ,lI.pyry. EbIH 00 yCJJOBHHM TeXHOJIOrHH xpaHeHHH rpY30B "po- ,lI.OJIbHbIe nporoHbI Heo6xoAHMO COe,ll.HHHTb nOnepeqHbIMH CBSI3HMH (,lI.JIH C03,l1.aHHH onopHoH nOBepXIIOCTH ,lI.JISI rpY30B), TO JJ.J1S1. cpeJuero npOfOlla ll.e.llecoo6pa3Ho npHMeHHTb He Kop06KY H3 JI.BYX IIlBeJIJIepOB, 8 O,ll.HH IIlBeJIJIep 60JIbWOro HOMepa C MOMeHTOM HHepIJ.HH, 60JJbIIlHM qeM MOMeHTbI HRep- IJ.HH KpaHHHX nporOHOB (CM pHC. 4 19, 0) 31'0 o6ecne'l1l- BaeT 3HaqH'reJlbHyto 3KOHOMHfO MeTaJl.R8 npll He06xo,ll.HMOCTU 60JIee TOQHbIX npOIJHOCTHbIX P8(!- qeTOB nporoHoB KapKacHbIH CTeJIJJa>K pacCtIHTbIBaeTC:fI KaK MHOrOnpOJIeTHaSl MHOr03Ta)KUaH paMa [3 J. Op" paCqeTe Hpyca cpe.nHeH CTOHKIi Ha YCTol1qHBOCTb B ilJIOCKOCrn CTeJIJIaJKa JI.OJIJKHbI 6bITb paccMoTpeHbI ,lI.Ba CJJY- qaH BarpYHCeHHH CTeJlJI8)t{8. B nep80M paemHOM C/lg'llJe nOMOHbI Ha Bcex nporoHax pacnOJIOJKeHbI C 06eHX CTOpOH cpeAHeH CTOHKH. 3TOT CJIyqaH - HaI1BbIrO,ll.HeHIIlHH )l.JIH MHO- fOJIpYCHblX CTeJIJI8>t<eH C qaCTbIM pacnOJIOmeHHeM I1porOHOB no BbICOTe, TaK KaK np" 3TOM 113fH6alOw,ue MOMeaTbI, Aeii- cTBYJOUJ.He aa CTOHKY, MJ!HHMaJIbHhI, a BepTHKaJlbHaH Ha- rpY3Ka HMeeT MaKCHMaJIbHoe 3HaQeH.He. YCTOHqHBOCTb cpe,!J.HeH BeTBH CTOHKH npoBepHeTcH 110 cpopMYJIe lI.JIH lJ,eHTpanbHO CJKaTOrO CTepJKIDI (J = NB/{F)"", [R], (4.21) 98 
r.ne N B - CYMMapUaSi HarpY3Ka Ha BeTBb (RJlH SlpycJ croAKH, onpe.ll.enSieMaH no <t>opMyne (4.4); tp - K<aqxpUI..(HeHT npo- JJ.onbHoro H3rH6a, onpe.n.emleMbIM: no rpa<pHKY Ha pRO. 4.20 B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT rH6KocTH Slpyca All = llllrx, KOTopaSi 6b1J1a BbllIHCneH8 paHee no cpopMYJIe (4.23); F - nJlow,aAb CelleHHSl BeTBR 6PYTTO, CM 2 ; [R] - paClIeTHOe conpOTHBJIe- HHe CTanH CiKaTHIO ()I,JISl CTaJIH 3 [R J = 1890 Kr/cM 2 ). Bo emopoM pacttemHOM cAyttae nOMOHbI Ha Bcex nporoHax, KpoMe HH>KHerO, pacnOnO}KeHbI C 06eHX CTOpOH cpe.n.HeA CTOHKH Ha HH»I:HeM nporoHe nO)UJ.OHbl paCnOJlOiKeHbI C O.n.HOit CropoHbI CTOM:KH. 3TOT paC'IeTHblH cJlY'laii HBJHleTCH HaH- Bblro.n.HeHIIlHM .n.JHI HH3KHX CTeJlna)KeH c pe.ll,KHM pacnoJlo2Ke- HHeM nporoHoB no BbICOTe, 'l'aK KaK H3rH6alOw,He MOMeHTbI, .neiiCTBYlOuwe Ha CTOaKY, MaKCHMaJIbHb1. PaclIeT Hpyca Cpe.llHeH CTOHKH Ha npO'lHOCTb BbJlJOnHSleTCH no ctK>PMyne N M (J = T I w x <: [RJ, (4.28) r.lle N - cYMMapHaH HarpY3Ka Ha BeTBb CTOHKH (HPYC), onpeAeJJHeMaH B 3TOM cJlYllae no <tJopMyne 1 N = N B - 2m B GxsKn. 3.lleCb N B - HarpY3Ka Ha BeTBb, onpe}!e.nHeMaH no !IJop- Myne (4 4) OcTaJIbHbIe 0603HalleHHH B <PoPMy.ne (4.28): W x - MO- MeHT COlJpOTHBJJeHHH BeTBH (Hpyca) B n.nOCKOCTH CTe.n.na LKa, CM a ; M - H9rH6aIOUJ.HA MOMeHT, .lleHCTBYIOUJ.HH Ha croAKY. 3TOT MOMeHT onpe.n.eJJHeTCH no <p<>pMYJle (4.29) ," i H M = (MJI - M n ) 'R + c 'B = P3Kl (J! - ;n) II + c 'B ' (4.30) Ie Ie Ie Ie fJ\e M n U M n - onopHble MOMeHTbI, .n.eM:CTBYIOw,He Ha HH>K- HUH SlPYC cToiilrn COOTReTCTBeHHO CJIe:aa H cnpaBa OT cpe.lJ,- HeM: CTOHKH npH TOH cxe,Me, KOTopaH BbI3bIBaeT HaH60JJbllIYIO pa3HOCTb 3THX MOMeHTOB; .II H ;n - Ko34xPHIUieHThI, COOT- BeTCTBYIOW.He 9THM MOMeHTaMj i, i - nOfOHHb1e >KeCTKO- CTH HPYCOB, onpe}!eJJHeMbIe no tPopMYJlaM (4 32), (4 33): fJ91\ - 3KBHBaJleHTHaH HarpY3Ka, lIT (CM. Ta6Jl. 4.13); lI!.- AJIUH8 nponeTa nporOHa, CM. 4. 99 
Pa3HOCTb K03<p<pHUHeHTOB JI H n B SaBHCHMOCTH 01' napa"MeTpa n, onpeeJHIeMOrO no <tx>PMYJIaM (4.34)-(437), npHBeeHa HHme: DapaMeTp n . . 0,1 0,3 0,5 1,5 2 3 JI - 6n . . . 0,077 0,066 0,057 0,043 0,034 0,028 0,021 MaKCHMaJIbHbIH onopHbIH MOMeHT (CJIeBa HJIH cnpaBa 01' paccMaTpHBaeMoH (noAKH) onpeeJISleTCH no <popMYJIe max MOil = - P9Kl, (431) re  - K03qxlmuHeHT, onpee.nHeMbIH no rpa<pHKY Ha pHO. 4 22 B saBHCHMOCTH 01' MaKCHMaJIbHOrO napaMeTpa n, BbIQHeJIeHHOrO no <popMYJIaM (4 34)-(4.37) noroHHbIe meCTKOCTH nporoHoB H CToeK onpeeJIHIOTCH o yqeTOM Toro, qTO KapKaCHbIH CTeJIJIam KaK MHOr03Ta:>KHaH paMa paCqJIeHeH Ha OTeJIbHbIe BYX'hSlpYCHble paMbI norOH- HaH meCTKOCTb HHmHeH CTOHIUI HH:>KHeii )J.BYX3TamHOH paMbJ CTeJIJIaH<a onpeeJIHeTCH C yqeTOM ee nOJlIIoro SaUl,eMJIeIIHH B HHH<HeH onope no q,opMYJIe 'H 4 J c Ie = 3"1;' (4.32) re J e - MOMeHT HHepUHH CeqeHHSl CToAKH, CM 4 ; Iff - Bbl- COTa Hpyca CTeJIJIa:>Ka, CM norOHHaH meCTKOCTb Bcex OCTaJIbHbIX (BepXHHX) CToeK BepXHeH 0)1H03TaH<HOH H Bcex BYX3TamHbIX paM, Ha KOTO- pble 6bIJi paCIIJIeHeH CTeJIJIaH< KaK MHOr03TaH<HaH paMa, onpe)1eJISleTCSl no <popMYJIe 'B 8 J e Ie = TT;' (4.33) 3eCb HMeeTCH B BHY, liTO CTOHKa CTeJIJIaH<a BbInOJIHeHa 83 O)1HOrO H TOrO :>Ke npO<pHJIH no BceH BbICOTe, a SaUl,eMJIe- 0,085 o 2 PBe, 4,22. 3aBHCHMOCTL K0941tl>H- u.BeBTa 6 "PH MaKCHMaJlLHOM ODOpHOM MOMeHTe OT OTlIoweHHH " DorOHHLlX :HIeCTKOCTeA nporOHa H CToAKH 100 HHe KOHUOB CToeK \fa npe- rOHax - ynpyroe. ECJIH CTOH- Ka CTeJIJIaH<a BbInOJIHeHa no BbICOTe H3 pa3Hblx npO<pH- JIeH, TO JIH Kam)J.oro TaKoro yqaCTKa C001BelCTBeHHO paG- CqHTblBaeTCH IlorOHHaH meCT- KOCTb ic 317, napaMeTp n, xapaKTepH- SYlOUl,HH COOTHonreHHe no- rOHHbIX :>KecTKocTeH nporoHoB H cToeK, )1JIfI nporoHoB Bepx- HeH oAH03TamHoH paMbI ('P. e, 
BepXHero Hpyca CTeJlJla>Ka) onpe.ll.eJlHeTCH no <PoPMYJle n = in/i, r.ll. in - norOHHaH >KeCTKOCTb nporOHOB CTeJlJla}Ka J (4.34) in = Julin' (4 35) 3.l1.eCb I n - MOMeHT HHepUHH celleHHH nporOHa, CM 4 ; lu- npOJleT nporoHa (war CToeK no .lI.JlHHe CTeJlJla>Ka), CM. D.JlH nporOHa BToporo no BblCOTe Hpyca CTeJlJla>Ka (eCJlH nepBblH pH.lI. rpY30B YCTanaBJUIBaeTCH npHMO Ha nOJl) napa- Melp n onpe.ll.eJlHeTCH no <PoPMYJle n = in/(i + i). (4 36) D.JlH nporOHOB OCTaJlbHbIX .lI.BYXSTa}KHbIX paM (T. e. .lI.JlB Bcex OCTaJlbHblX HPYCOB CTeJlJla>Keil) npH paBHblX paCCTOH- HHH x Me>K.lI.Y nporOHaMH napaMeTp n onpe.ll.eJlHeTCH no <popMYJle n = ill/(2i) (4.37) Pa\.-qeT IIIHKHcro Hpyca cpeLlHei1 ClOHKH Ha YCroUIlIlBOCTb B £lJIOCKOCfH CIeJlJJa>Ka npH ,BTOpOM paCqeTHOM CJJYllae Bbl- nOJIHHeTCH KaK .lI.JIH BHelJ.eHlpeHHO €>Ka10rO :meMeHIa B nJlO- CKOCTH .lI.eHCTBHH MOMeHTa o = N/(CPIIHF) <: [R], (4.38) f.ll.e N onpe.ll.eJIHeTCH no q)QpMYJIe (4 29); ({JSB - KosctqmlJ.HelIT BHeueHTpeHHoro C>KaTHH B nJIOCKOCTH .lI.ei!CTBHH MOMeHTa; F - nJIow.a.ll.b nonepellHoro cellemUI BeTBH 6PY1T0, I!!M 2 ; IR] - paclleTHoe conpOTHBJJ€HHe CTaJIH C>KaTHIO (1890 Kr/cM 2 ) l(03cj1(!H1lJ.IiClll BIlCIlC'1I1peI!IIOIO C}!{alllH crBI! UaXO.ll.HT no rpacjJf1KY, 1I0Ka.:\aHtlMY Ha pHC 423, B aaBHCHMOC1H OT YCJIOBHOH rH6KOGTH A. H npHBeJleHHOrO 9KcueHTpHcHTeTa mt. YCJIOBHYIO rn6KOC 1 fb OnpeJleJIHIOT no cpopMYJIe  = Ali V RIE, B KOTOpOH A. n - rn6KOCTb HH>KHerO HPyca epeJlHeH CTOMKH, BblqHCJIHeMaH no <popMYJIe (4 23); E = 2,1 loa - MOJlYJIb ynpyrOGTH CTaJIH. npHBeJleHHbIH 9KcueHTpHCIITeT onpe.ll.e- JlHIOr no cpopMyne ml = TIm, rJle TI - KosqxpHlI.lIeHT BJIHH- HHH cpopMbI CeqeI-IHfl; m - OTHocHTenbHblH 9KcueHTpHcHTeT. OTHOCH1€JlbHbIH SKCUeHTpHcHTeT HaXOAH.T no cpopMYJIe m = eFIW, (4.39) 101 
P811 0.900 0,700 ,,'i=M 0,100 o J BHCHMOCTH OT OTHOCHTeJIbHOrO HOM rH6KocTH : 5 PUC 4 23 3aBJlCKMOCTb K03fj1- 4tHIJ,KeIlTII BuelJ,euTpeHuoro C1KaTHJI (J>BII OT YCJlOBHOil ru6KocTH 1: u npHBe,I\eHHOrO 8KCIJ,eHTpHCHTeTa m, r.ll.e e - 3KCII.eHTpHCH- 'feT, Bbl'HfCJIHeMbIH no <PoPMYJIe e = M/ N. K03qxpHII.HeHT BJIH- 7mf HHHH <PoPMbI Ce'leHHH n onpe.ll.eJI5IeTC5I B 3a- 3KCII.eHTpHeHTeTa In H yCJIOB- "PH O<<5 eCJIH 0,1 m5, TO tj = 1,75.. .0,13, ecnH 5<m  20, TO '11 = 1,5. .0,08; npH j;, > 5 H 0, I  m  20 '11 = 1,1. npH C03.l1.aHHH 8BTOMaTH'leCKHX CTeJIJIa>KHbIX CKJ1aJlOB OOJIbWoe BHHMaHHe .lI.OJI>KHO YJleJIHTbC5I TO'lHOCTH H3rOTOBJIe- HHH H MOHTaJK3 CTeJIJIaJKHblX KOHcrpyXUHA AJlSI 06eeneqeHHH Ha)!.e1KHOH pa60Tbf 8BTOMaTHtJeCKHX KpaHOB-HITa6enepoB-, 06- CJlY>KHB<UOW,H.x CTeJlJla1KH, fiOOKOJIbKY aJlpeCOB3HHe Y COBpe- MeHHbIX aBTOMaTH'lecKHX KpaHoB-wTa6e.nepoB BbIDOJIHHeTCfl, K8K npaBHJIO, no KOOp.ll.HHaTHoMY npHHII.Hny, OT OJlHOH H '1'08 1Ke CHCTeMbI ):J.a"RKOB .lI.JlH BCex H'leeK no JlJJJ1He, BbICOTe H wHpHHe CKJI8Jla. - 1: 10 :!:fUn tlHx<'fOM 102 PRC. 4.24. CHcTeMa ,I\OnycKoB Ha HSrOTOBJleHHe u MOHTaJII CeKIJ,HH cTcJlJla1KeA aBTOMaTR'IeCKOrO CKJlaAa co CTe.oUa&BWMU KpauaMK-WTa6eJlcpaMH 
CHCTeMa .l{OnYCKOB Ha CeKUHIO CTeJIna >Ke A: , OOcJIY>KHBae- MblX CTe.TIn8>KHbIM aBTOMaTHlfeCKHM KpaHOM-UITaOenepoM, DO- Ka3aHa HB pm' 4.24 4 4. YCTPOCTBA .lI.JUI XPAHEHH5I CbInY1JHX rpY30B CbmYlllie rpY3bI MorYT xpaHliTbCSI Ha OTKpbITbIX CKJIa.l{- CKliX nJIOIU.a.l{KaX B UITa6eJlSlX Ii TpaHIUeSiX paSJllillHOll <PoPMbI (pRC. 4.25) Ii 3aKpbITbIX tKJI8,llaX (pliO. 4 26 Ii 4.27), a "PH HeoonbIUliX sanaeax xpaHeHHH - B 6YHKepax p83J1lillHOH <pOpMbI (pliO. 4 28). (J) 6)   IL { b l@ 9",-.L-='-  ; -'  Bm 3)  ,._.. . , .' ::t:: .......""':"-......---- . . B/J/ Pac 4 1'5. CxeMbI YC1'poikTB 11."'" OTKpWroro xpaKeHRR CWIIYHX 1'P13OB B Dopa. MR)\aJlbIlOM (a) H 06CJlHCKOBOM (0') wTa6eJlIIX; B Oi!,RKapKoli (s) H i\,BoiiBOH () .-panntellx; B Tpeyro"bH blX Oi\HOCTOPOHHftX .. ,pYCTOVOHHHX IUTa6e.lJtx Y !TOBblWeK- BOl'O JKt:JIeaHOopo"'"oro UYTO (0) H aBTOnOIl.1>e3J!.a (e); OM:TaKll,AHwA C6.IIa,A (.); 3aKJICIMa (3) 103 
D&.A}+ 2) J;QQ. . '  PHC. 4.26 ¥cTpollCTBa )\JlII 3aKpb/Toro xpaHeHuli Cb/nyqHX rpY30B' II - IIpb/Tb/A CKJla1\ H3 C60PHblX JlteJleSo6eTOHHI>IX KOHCTPYKI\H'iI C saKpoMaMul ti - apoqHb/A CKJla)\ C saKpoMaMH; . - waypo. Bb/A CKJl81\; Z - CHJlOCHb.1I Kopnyc u+ 1fjf!l1  + " ,>.,...., k " :'...:. -. ., ,.J.. . .... ":1 :':Af.;-... . .;J . PHC. 4.27, ¥cTpollcTBa )\JIJI saKpblToro xpaHeHHII CblnY'lHX rpY300' a - naBHJI._ OHHb/A CKJl81\. ti - Kpb/Tb/II 00Jly6YUKepHblil CKJla)\; 8, Z - WaTpOBb/e 00Jly6YH' KepHble oOJlysarJly6JIeHHb/e CIIJJ8,1\b/ C ABYMII H C 01\11011 00)\wTa6eJlbHblMH ra.oepe. IIMU COOTBeTCTBeHUO; ,,- waTpOBo-6YHKepUblll H8,1\SeMHblll CIlJla.A; 8 - 6YH_ Kepuall 3CTaKap,a Ornxpblmbte CKAaOCKUe nAOwp,OKU ,l(JISi XpaHeHHSJ CbWyqHX rpYSOB o60PY.n,yI01CSI 'faK me, RaK .n,JIH OTKpbITOrO xpaHeHHfl WTyqHhIX rpY30B. ORH nOKpblBalOTCH accpaJlbTOBbIM, WOH- HbIM HJIH accpaJIbT06eTOHHblM nOKpblTHeM no w,e6eHOIlHoii no.n,rOTOBKe H 060py.n,YIOTCH BO.n,OOTBO.n,OM, DOKpbITHe CKJIa.n,- CKHX nJIOw,a.n,OK .n,omKHO 6blTb paCCIlHTaHO Ra MaKCHMaJIbHYIO HarpY3RY OT cbwyqerO rpyaa. YCTpoikTBa .n,JIH OTKpbIToro xpaHeHHSJ cblnyqHX rpY30B xapaKrepHaYIOTCSJ CJIe.n,YIOw,HMH napaMeTpaMH, KOTOpbJe ,nomKHbJ 6blTb onpe.n,eJleHbl npH HK npOeKTl1pOBaHHH: Bun 104 
Hm' Lm - lliHpHHa, BblCOTa H JJ)lHHa lliTaOeJISJ COOTBeT- CTBeHHO, B T , HT' L T - lliHpHHa, rJly6HHa H .D.JlHHa TpaH- llieH COOTBeTCTBeHHO; Ho, He - BbICOTa nOBblllieHHoro nYTH H 3CT8Ka,ll,bI, Boo Ba - lliHpHHa nOBbIllieHHoro nYTH H 9CTa- Ka,ll,bI ,lI,JlH Tp8HcnopTHblX Cpe,ll,CTB COOTBeTCTBeHHO P83J1H'I8IOT GJle,ll,YIOIlI.He BH,lI,bI KpbITblX CKJla,ll,OB ,lI,JlH xpa- HeHHH CblnYIJHX rpY30B: K8pKaCHble, ap01JHbIe, naBHJlbOH- Hble, lliaTpOBbIe nOJly6YHKepHbIe, 6YHKepHble H CHJlOCHble. OHM CTpOHTCSI H3 C60PHbIX }KeJle300eToHHblX KOHCTPYKlJ.HH, MeTaJlJlHlJeCKHX " ,lI,epeBHHHblX KJleeHbIX KOHCTPYKUHH. H8 OTKpblTbIX H S8KpbITblX CKJla,ll,8X ,lI,JlSI XpaHeHHSI cblny- IIHX rpY30B HcnOJlb3YlOTCSI lliT86eJISI, TpaHllieH, SaKpOMa. 6YHKepa H CHJlOCbl llf ma6e.llR. <pOpMnPYIOTCH B npouecce OTCblnaHHSI rpysa B COOTBeTCTBHH C BbICOTOH 38rpy3KH H yrJloM eCTeCTBeHHorO OTKOGa, XapaKTepHOrO ,lI,JlSI Ka>K,lI,OrO rpY38. .lI.JISI HX cpopMHpO- BaHHSI He06xo,ll,HMO TOJIbKO nO,ll,lliTa6e.nbHoe nOKpbITHe G CO- OTBeTCTBYIOIlI.eH HeCYIlI.eH CnOC06HOCTbIO HecYIll.aSl cnoco6f1oc fb nO)ll!l1 a6eJ1bHOrO nOKpbITH5I (T/M 2 ) onpe,ll,eJlHeTCSI no 4)0 [)'\'I Y Jle Pm = H myk a , (4.40) r)J.e Hm - MaKCHMaJlbHBH BbICOTa lliT80eJ1S1 cblnyqerO rpY3a. M '\' - 06'beMHaSi Macaa rpY3a, T/M 8 ; ka - K03<p<pHlJ.HeHT Bana€a HecYW.eH cnOCOOHOOTH (npHHHMaeTCSI ka = 1,2+1,3). 0) s, B)  . . '. V; <?' -  "" .x;-:. . "" I, .Z':t ;4.-/" fj ) " (}) JJ5 . . '" .  q'  Pile, 4 28 6YHKepa 1\.1111 cblnyqHX rpysnB nHpaMHllaJlbHhle - opncToil (4) B . opHSllaTU'Iectoil qaCTblO (0'), KOHYCHhie - npocToli (8) H C BepxueA I\HJlHHAPUoo qecKoA 'IaCTblO (); CHJlOCUhlA ('); nCiUHCKnBblii (e) 105 
O61,eM llITaOenH B .popMe KJIHHa (CM. pUG. 4.25, aJ oope- AeJlfteTCH no <PoPMYJIe H 2 v= 3tp (3Lmtgp- 2Hm), (4.41) r,Ae Hm, Lor - BbICOTa H .aJlUHa wTaOeJlH (y OCHOBaH""), MI p - yroJi eC1eCTBeHHoro OTKoca cbloyqero rpyaa, 0, p = = 35+50 0 (.nJlSl OOJlblllHHCTB8 chilnyqHX rpY30B). 06'beM wTaOeJUI B 4>oPMe OOeJlHCKa (pHa. 4.25, 6) onpe.le- JlHIOT no 'iJoPMYJle V = If m ( 38 L _ 3BmHm _ 3HmLm + 41f ) (4 42) 3 m m tg p tg P tg p' . r.n;e Bm - llJHpHHa lIJTaOeJlH Y OCHOBaHHH, M. TpaHweu H 8aKpOMa oKpYJKaIOTCH nO,AnopHbIMH JKeJle3o- 6eTOHHbIMH CleHKaMH TOJUl{HHOif OKOJlO 200 MM, C HaKJlOHOM RpHMepHo 1 : 10+ 1: 12 - .II.JlfI Y.ll.OOCTBa nocJle.ll.YIOUI.eA pa3- rpY3KH rpY3a. TpaHIlleH H 3aKpoMa aarpYJKaIOTCfI H pa3rpy- JK810TCJI llepes OTKpmbJA sepx. 3arPY3Ka Be.ll.eTCH Henocpe.ll.- CTBeHHO H3 TpaHcnopTHbIx Cpe.ll.CTB C8MOTeKOM, a !!blfPY3K3 - rpefIqJepHbIMH KpaHaMH npeHMYUI..ecTBa TpaHlIJeH H 3aKpo- MOB - npOCTOTa YCTpoikTBa H 60JlbIUafi BMeCTHMOOTb (.11.0 5000-7000 M 3 ). He,ltocraTKB - HaJlHtme OO.ll.3eMHOH tlaCTH, 803MOJKHOC'Tb CKOnJleHHJI H npocaqHBaHIUI BO.ll.bl, Heooxo- MDCTb .II.oporoA rHpoHsonRUHH "PH BblCOKHX rpyHTOBhilX BO.ll.aX, CJlOJKHOCTb pa3rpy3KH H 3aqHCTKH. nOJle3HbIH 06'beM TpaBweH HJlH 3aKpOMOB onpe.ll.eJlHe-rCH no <p<>pMYJIe V = BTHTLTfv, (4.43) r.ll.e B T , HT' L T - WHpHHa, BbICOTa (rJIy6sHa) H ,AJIURa TpaH- llleH HJIH 3aKpoMoB, M; fu - KosqxpHLlHeHT sanOJIHeHHSI oth- eMa (npHHHMaeTcfI tv = 0,7+0,85 B 3aBHCHMocnt OT pO.ll.a rpY3a H KOHCTPYKUHH TpaHweH HJJH 3aKpoMoB). 5YHKepoM Ha3bIBaeTCSI craLlHoHapHaH 3aMKHYTaH eM- KOCTb, KOTopafl CJlY)KHT .II.JIfi BpeMeHHoro xpaHeHHSI HJIH neperpY3KH CbrnY'Jero rpY3a C o.II.I10ro BH)J.a TpaHcnopTa Ha )J.pyroH OObI'JHO 6YHKepa aarpYJKalOTCfI 'Jepe3 OTKpbITbIH Bepx (ohlBalOT H 3aKpblTbIe cBepxy 6YHKepa), a pa3rpy- JKalOTCH 'Jepe3 HII)KUee BbInycKHpe OTBepcTHe KpoMe xpa- HeHHSI OHH npHMeHflIOTC1I B npHeMHbIx H norpY3o'JHbIX YCTpoikTBax ,lI,JlfI pa3rpY3KH H norpY3KH CbInYtIHX rpY30B II IlO.II.BIUtmOH COCTas 2KeJle3Ho.zwpOJfmoro H aBTOM06HJlbHOrO . 'TpaHcnopTa. 106 
f EYHKepa npHMeHHIOTC5I pa3- a I:7  JIH'IHOH q,OpMbl (CM. pHC 4.28) B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT Ha3Ha'leHHH H KORKpeTHbix YCJlOBHH H H3- rOTOBJI5IIOTCH H3 MOI-JOJIHTHOrO meJIe306eTOHa H MeTaJIJIOnpo- KaTa B BHJJ.e cBapHbIx KOH- p"c 4 ;':"'«:)%-e<:1 " e- CTPYKUHll no KOHCTPYKUHH H cnoco6y YCTaHOBKil 6YHKepa MOrYT 6blTb H8)],3eMHbIe H nOk SeMHble; YCTaHOBJIeHHbIe Ha C06CTBeHHblX onopax H Ha CTpOH- TeJIbHbIX KOHCTPYKII.HHX; HlleHKOBbIe H IlI.eJIeBbIe (pHC 4.29). 06'beM 6YHKepa M01KeT 6bITb OT 3-4 JJ.o 80-100 M 8 H 6oJIee. ABTOMaTH3aUHH 3anOJIHeHHH If pa3rpY3KH 6YHKepOB JJ.O- CTHraeTCH c nOMOUI.bIO YCTatlOBKH Cneu,HaJlbHblX .naT'IHKOB pa3JIH'IHblX ninOB: MeM6paHHbIX, onTHtJecKHX H JJ.p. (pHC 4 30) .llJUI npeJJ.OTBpaIlI.eHHH 3aBHcaHHH cbmyqnX rpY30B B 6YH- Kepax, "'ITa 6blBaeT npH 60JIbllIOH HX BJIa mHOCTH, HCnOJIb- 9YIOT 3JIeKTpHtJecKHe H nHeBMaTHqeCKlie Bli6paTopbI, YCTa- H8WHmaeMhIe B HH/KHeii qaCTH 6YHKepoB .LI.JIH perYJlHpOn- HHH BbJ)],aqH rpY3a H3 6YlIKepoD B tlH>KHeH HX llaCTH, Ha Bbl- nycKtioM OTBepcrrm, YCTaHaBJIHBaIOT 3aTBOpbl HJIfI nHTaTeJIH. 3aTBOpbJ, KOTopbIe npHMeHHIOT npH Heo6xo)],HMOCTH Obl- CTpOH BbI;J.aqrI cbmY'lero rpY3a rI3 oYHKepa 6e3 perYJIHpOBa- IUHI noToKa )l.eJIHTCH liB lUH6ePHbfe, JIOTKOBwe.. ceKTopHbIe, qeJIlOCTtlbIe tI )],p (pl1c. 4.31). HaH60JIee pacnpocTpaHeHbl qeJIJOCTHbJoe 3aTBOpbI no fOCT 8415-78 (pm:. 4.31,2,432,6 H Ta6JI 4 14), KOTopbIe MorYT HMeTb nHeB:MaTHqeCKHH rIJIH 3JIeKTpHIlecKHH nprIEo)], 5) If 56 p"c 4 30 CeMbI YCTaHOBKH nTqHKOB HHJKHerO 11  ypoIIIIeA B (iYBKepax BpaalOlIxcH Kpw.Jlb'laTO« (a); MeM6paHHoro THna (4) H onTHofecKHx (e): 1 - neKTponpHBoA. 2 - KpblJJbQaTKa. 3 - BaJI. 4 - !;>JI.aCTIIQHaR MeM<5paHa. S - JI!<*; (i - KOBU"T; 7 -.1LUf1UI. 8 - ceeroapMeMiI_ 107 
tl  ) ...,.......,....I;;.... ,:-' :.: .8 f .',. ,'. . :'  - . . :,,: t .. :-. '... '''-...;'' J.j 6) .-..;y' 'I 5) 11) PRC. 4,31, 6YHKepHwe saTBOpw. ill - JlOTKOBWA; 11 - ,wH6epHblil; 8 - CeKT' Hwil, , - 'IJlIOCTHoA OOHoceHmopHb/i1 11 8 !!xCeHmopHbftt IID!! _1-. '" L_ 'J, m Btl8A C Xp/lalThfM namp.!/5- XOM lJ, 108 PIlC. 4.32, IiYHKepHblc SaTBOpbl: a - CCKTOpHblil; t1 - 'ICllIOCTIiOii 
T a 6 JJ H u: a 4 14. 3aTBOpbl 6YHKepHble ceKTopHble, H3fOTaBJlHBaeMbie no rOCT 8415-78 (CM. pHC. 4.32) PaSMepbJ oTBepcTH A f/ I t I D, I n I d n8Tpy<5KOB. MM KB8Ap8THblX I KpyrJlh\X D MM BXL 250X 250 - 350 320 - 1 15 320 X 320 - 400 195 - 2 15 400 X 400 - 480 235 - 2 15 - 400 480 - 470 8 15 500 X 500 - 600 290 - 2 I!} - 500 600 - 580 8 19 630 X 630 - 750 235 - I 3 19 800 X 800 - 950 310 - 3 24 nHTaTeJIH, YCTaHaBJIHBaeMbie no.n. I1H)KHHM BbWYCKHbIM OTBepCTHeM 6YHKepoB, MorYT BbI,lldlHlTb <'bIIIYlIHH rpY3 H3 6YHKepa perYJIHpyelblM 11010IW\1 OCIIOUflblC TllIIbI ulna- TeJIeH IIOKa3aIlLT lIa pllC 4 .13 PaClIeTLI 6YHKi:'pOB CBO,llH rC5I K onpe,l!.eJIeHHIO HX 06'beMa, npOlIHOCTH CTeHOK, YCTOHlIlIBOCTH KOJIOHH (B CJIY'lae YCTa- HOBKH HX Ha c06CTBeHHbIe KOJIOHHbI) II CKOpOCTH HCTe'leHHSI CbInY'lerO rpY3a 1I3 BbInYCKHoro OTBepCTIf.H 6YHKepa 3KCnJIyaTaulfoHHbIH 06'beM 6YHKepa onpe).l.eJISleTCSI no cpopMYJIe v 0 = V Th, (4.44) r.n.e V T - TeOpeTIf'leCKHH BHYTpeHHHH 06'beM 6YHKepa KBK reOMeTpH'leCKOrO TeJIa, M 8 ; fo - K09qxpnuneHT SanOJIHeHHSI 6YHKepa (npHHHMaeTcSI ff) = 0,7-;-0,9 B 3aBHClfMOCTH O'l' cpOpMbI H pa3MepoB oYHKepa) TeOpeIl1lIeCKHH OO'LeM 6YIIKcpa, HMel(;J-II.cro cpOPMY yce- 'leHHOH nlfpaMH,l!.bI (CM plfe 4 28, a), oUpe,l!.eJIHIOT no <PoP- MY JIe V T = hfj (BIB2 + b l b 2 + -V B I B 2 b l b 2 )/3, (4.45) r,lI.e Bl' B 2 - pa3MepbI GTOpOH BepxHeA: qaCTII 6YHKepal b h b 2 - pa3MepbI CTOpOH HH)KHerO BbmYCKHoro OTBepCTIIH 6YH- Kepal ho - BbICOTa 6YHKepa. 06'beM 6YHKepa, HMeIOw,ero <PoPMY yceqeHHOH nHpaMH.lJ.bI C BepxHeH nplf3MaTlfllecKoH 'laCTbIO (pIlG. 4.28, 6), V T = 1 (BlB2 + b l b 2 + -V B l B 2 b l b 2 ) + BlBJ1,.,., (4.4 J09 
6) 2) PHC. 4.88. nHTareJlH )!.JlII BWAIl'IR cLlnY'IHX rpy39B 113 6YHilepoB peryJlRpyellLIII nOTOKOMI G _ 6ap<tGaHHLlII wJllOsoBoA. t1 - Tape.llbqaTLlA; 8 - JleHTO'lHLlii; . _ BHHTOBoil; i1 _ DJlaCTHHqaTblAj e _ JlOTKOBblii BH6paI\HOHHblA; IJI(;  JlOT- BOBhlA Ka'lalOlI(Hiica; II.... aODaGTHoA DepegBlIIKBOil 110 
r.ne h10 h 2 - BbICOTa ImpaMH.naJIbHOii H npH3MaTHqeCKOii qacTeii 6YHKepa COOTBeTCTBeHHO 06'beM 6YHKepa, HMelOm.erO <POPMY yceqeHHOrO KOHyca (pilC 4 28, 8), V T = (j (D + D(ji + d 2 ), (4 47) r.ne D(j, d - .nHaMeTpbI BepxHeH qaCTH 6YHKepa H HH>K\iero BblOycKHoro oTBepcTHH COOTBeTCTBeHHO; h(j - BbICOTa 6YH- Kepa 06'beM 6YHKepa, HMelOm.ero <POPMY yceqeHHOrO KOHyca C BepxHeil I.I.HJIHH,D.pH1JeCKOH qaCTblO (pHG. 4 28, e), Ml ( 2 2 ) 'JtD2 V T = 12 D6 + Dr,d + d + -r h 2 , (4.48) r,lJ.e ht,  - BbICOTbI KOHYCHOii (HH>KHeii) H I.I.HJIHH,lJ.pHqeCKOH (Bepxueii) qacTeii KOHyca COOTBeTCTBeHHO no 9TOii >Ke <PoPMYJIe onpe,D.eJIHeTCH Ii TeopeTHIJeCKHii o6'beM CHJIOCa (pHC 4.28, 8) 06'beM 6YHKepa, HMelOm.er0<p0pMY 06eJUICKa (pHO. 428, e), V T = h 6 (j [B 1 B 2 + (B 2 + b 2 ) (B 1 + b t ) + btb!], (4 49) r,lJ.e B10 B 2 - ,D.JIHHa H IlJHpHHa BepxHeii qaCTH 6YHKepa COOTBeTCTBeHHO; b 10 b 2 - IlUfpHua Ii ,D.JIHUa HH>KHerO BbmycK- Horo oTBepcTliH 6YHKepa COOTBeTCTBeHHO. )J.aBJIeHHe cbmyqerO rpY3a Ha CTeHKIi 6YHKepoB 3aBH- CHT OT pO,D.a, xapaKTepHcTHK H COCTOHHHH rpY3a, a TaK>Ke OT napaMeTpoB 6YHKepa HaH60JIbIllee ,lJ.aBJIelIHe OKa3bIBaeT XOpOIllO CbIUYllHii rpY3 (3epHo, llI.e6eHb, cyxoii neCOK), MeHbIllee ,D.aBJIeHHe - BH3KHe, CBH3HbIe, nJIaCTHqHbIe rpY3bI (rJ1HH3, B.1Ja>KHbIii neCOK, PY,D.a H JIp) )J.aBJIeHHe XOpOIllO CbJIIY4HX rpY30B Hd BepTllKaJlbHble CTeHKIi 6YHKCPOB onpe)J.eJ1HIOT no cj;opMYJIe (J = K(jEnlJ.h2Y 10 3 , (4 50) r,lJ.e K(j - Ko*pHIJ:HeHT 6oKOBoro .lI.aBJIeHHH, 8 - KQ9cpqm- I.I.HeHT 3aBHcaHHH, yqHTbIBalOllI.HH TpeHlfe cbrnyqerO rpY3a o CTeHKIi 6YHKepOB; nlJ. - K09cr(!mu.HeHT ,D.HHaMHllHOCTH, yqIITblBalOllI.Hii COCTOHHHe rpY3a B 6YH Kepe (npHHHMaeTCH nl1. = 1,1...1,5); h 2 - BbICOTa BepTHKaJIbHOii creHKH 6YH- Kepa; Y - 06'beMHaH Macca rpY3a, riMs. Ko*pHII.HeHT 6oKoBoro ,lJ.aBJIeHHH K(j .lI.JIH HerJIy60KHX 6YHKepOB (y KOTOpbIX llIHpUHa 60JIbIlle BblCOTbI BepTHKaJIb- 111 
RblX CTeHOK) npIiHHMaeTCH paBHbIM K09qxpHIJ.HeHTY no.n.BIUK- ROCTH H onpe.n.enHeTCH no opMyne KG = (1 - sin cp)/(1 + sin cp), (4.51) f.n.e cp - yron BHYTpeHHero TpeHHH, cp = 30+45°. .lI.nH r ny60KHx 6YHKepoB, Y KOTOpbIX llmplfHa MeHbIlle BbICOTbI BepTHKanbHblx CTeHOK (HanpHMep, .n.nH cHnocoB). Ko3<txl>HIJ.HeHT 60KoBoro .n.aBneHHH ODpe.n.enHIOT no <pop- MynaM: ,lJ.JHI KpyrnbIx H KBa.n.paTHblx 6YHKepoB - K6 = 11 [1 + 2{2 + V 1 + {2 (f + V f 2 - tf )]; (4.52) )l.nH y.n.nHHeHHblx 6YHKepoB - K6 = Iff 1 + 2t + 0,67 V 1 + f2 (2f + V f 2 - in ]. (4.53) B <PopMynax (4.52)-(4 53) fl - K09HuHeHT TpeHHH cbInyqerO rpY3a 0 CTeHKH 6YIlKepa (K03qxpHIJ.HeHT BHell1HerO "peHHfI, npHHHMaeMbIA )l.nR CTaJ1bHbIX H 6eTOHHbIX 6YHKepoB OT 0,4-0,5 .11.0 0,9-1,0); f - K09cjxfmIJ.HCHT BHYTpeHHero "peHHR cbmyqerO rpY3a, npHuHMaeMblH f = 0,6+ 1 ,2. K03HIJ.HeHT B 3aBHCaHHSJ CbIHytIHX rpY30B B 6YHKepax npHHHMaeTcH .n.nH HerJIy60KHx 6yuKepoB paBHblM e)J.IiHHIJ.e, a )l.JIH rJIy60KHx - 0,15-0,60 B 3aBHCHMOCTIi OT napaMe- crpa x, 1I3MeHRIOw,erOCR B npe)J.enax x = 1 + 7 H BbItIHGJIRe- Moro no <p<>pMYJIe x = K 6 hfl/pr> (4 54) r.n.e h - BblCOTa t'T0J16a rpY3a B 6YHKepe; PI - rH)LpaBJ1Hqe- €KHH 'pa.n.HYc ropH30HTaJlbiiOrO CeqeIlHH 6YHKepa, PI' = 8 1 8 2 /2 (8 1 + 8 2 ), (4.55) r.ll.e 8 1 If 8 2 - lllHpIfHa Ii .n.nHHa Bepxueij QaCTH 6YHKepa COOTneTCTBeHHO. _ .lI.JIH 66JIbll1HX 3HaqeHHll lIapaMeTpa x npHHHMaeTcR MeHbll1aH BenHIJHHa K09HIJ.HeHTa 3aBIIcaHHH rpY3a B 6YH- Kepe P. CKOpOCTb HeTetIeHHH cbInyqerO rpY3a H3 6YHKepa npH6mHKeHHO MO)KHO onpe)J.eJ1!1Tb V  All y 2hg , (4.56) r.n.e All - K03<pHIJ.HeHT HGTetIeHIfH (npHHHMaeTGH All = 0,2+ +0,65, npHqeM MeUbIllHe 3HaQeHHH - .lI.JIH nnaG1HtIHblX, 66nbll1He - .lI.nH XOp0ll10 CbmYIJHX rpY30B)j h - cpe.n.HHH BblCOTa CblIlYtIerO rpY3a B 6YHKepe, h = (0,5+0,8) h(j ,J12 
(K03<pq,HUHeHT 0,5-0,8 npHHHMalOT B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT Ha- BHaqeHHR 6YHKepa  TeXHOJIOrHIi pa60TbI)j g - YCKopeHHe CHJIbI TH>KeCTH nponycKHaH cnOC06HOGTb 6YHK.pa (T/q) Q = 3600vSo'\', (4.57) rl1.e v - CKOpOCTb HCTeqeHHH cblnyqero rpY3a H3 BblnycK- Horo OTBepCTHH, M/c; S6 - nJIOw.a.ll.b BblnYCKHoro oTBepcTHH 6YHKepa, M 2 j '\' - 06'beMHaH Macca cblnyqero rpY3a, T/M s . nJIOw.a.ll.b BblnyCKHoro KpyrJIOro OTBepCTIiH 6YHKepa S(I =  (d - a R IO- 3 )2; (4.58) npRMoyrOJIbHOrO - S(I = (b i - QKIO-3) (b 2 - a R IO- 3 ). (4.59) B tfx>pMYJIaX (4 58)-(4.59) d - ltHaMeTp HH>KHerO BbI- nycKHoro OTBepCTHH 6YHKepa, M; b l H b 2 - pa3MepbI CTOpOH HIi>KHerO BbWYCKHoro OTBepC1HH npHMoyrOJIbHOrO 6YHKepa, M; QK - pa3Mep THnHqHOrO KycKa rpY3a, MM. 45 YCTPOB:CTBA )])l5I XPAHEHH5I )l(H)].KHX rpY30B )KH.lI.KHe rpY3b1 MorYT xpaHHTbCH Ha CKJIa.ll.aX B Tape (60qKaX, 6YTblJIHX, 6apa6aHax) Ii HaJIHBOM, 6e3 Tapbl. CKJIa.ll.bI, Ha KOTOpblX >KH.lIKHe rpY3bl xpaHRTcR B Tape, OTHOCHTCH K CKJIa.ll.aM TapHo-lllTyqHblX rpY30B Ha HIIX HCnOJIb3YlOTCH YCTpOHCTBa .lI.JIH xpaHeHHR rpY30B (llJTa6eJIH, CTeJIJIa>KH), onHcaHHbIe B n 4 3 )KH.lI.KHe rpY3bI 6e3 Tapbl xpaHHTcH B pe3epByapax, KOTopble nO.ll.paJ.lIeJIHIOTCH no YCTaHoBKe OTHOCHTeJIbHO no- BepxHocTH 3eMJIIl - Ha 110.llJeMHhle, nOJIY3arJly6JleHHbIe, Ha. 3eMHble; no qJOpMe pe3epsyapa - Ha npHMoyrOJIbHble, UH- JIHH.lI.pHtleCKHe, ccpepHqeCKHe Ii .liP: no HanpaBJleHHIO OCIi IlJ1JIHH.lI.pHqeCKOrO pe3epByapa - Ha ropU30llTaJIbHbIe H Bep- IfHKaJIbllblej no MaTepUaJIY, U3 KOToporo H3rOTOBJIeHbI pe3ep- Byaphl, - Ha 6elOHHble, MeTaJIJIHtleCKUe Ii KHpnUqHble .aJIH xpaHeHHfI 60JIblllHX 06'beMOB >KH.lI.KH x rpY30B npH- MeHHIOTGH BepTH KaJIbHble UHJIHH.lI.pHtleCKHe pe3epByapbl eM- KOCTblO .lI.O 20 TbIC. M 3 (pHa. 4.34). fopH30HTaJIbHble pe3ep- Byapbl HMelOT eMKOCTb OT 3-5 .lI.O 80-100 M 3 (pilC. 4 35). Pe3epByapbl CTaJlbllble ropH30HTaJIbHble .lI.JIfI HecpTenpOl1.YK- 'lOB npoeKTHpYIOT B COOTBerCTBHH C fOCT 17032-71. 113 
8 PRC. 4.34. MeTaJl.llSqeCKHA HJlHHAPHqecKHA Bep- THKaJlbHblA peaepByap AJIA CBeTJlblX HecjITenpo- A)'KTOB 1 - n8TpyOOK npHeMa R ablAaqH rpyaa; 2- I(opnye pe3epBY8p8 Ha nHe:roBoJ! CTanH, 3- BenTB.lUJHOHHblA n8TpyOOK; 4 - npeAoxpaHH. TenbHble YCTpoAcTB8, 6 - YCTpofcTBO 38Mepa YPOBHA IKHAKOCTH, 6 - JlCCrHHl\a; 7 - nlOK AnA BXOAa B pe3epByap, Ii - ApeHalKHble ycrpoAcTBa, 9 - OCHOBSHHe Puc. 4.35. fopHaOHTaJlbHble MeT8.II.IIHqCCKHe J"HHAPH"eCKHe pe3epByapbl: a - Ha3eMHblA; fJ - oOA3eMHbli!; I, 2 - n8TpyOKH npHeMs H BblAa"H cpy"a, 3 - KOPOYC pe3epByapa, 4 - OOOPbl, 6 - YCTpoACTBa 3aMepa YPOBH" IKHAKOCTH, 6 - KOJlOAeu PesepByapbl ocHaw.alOTCfI YCTpoikTBaMH .lI.JIH npHeMa M BbI,llatlH rpY3a, OCMOTpa, KOHTpOJIH ypOBHH rpY3a, BeH1H-, JIHUHH BHYTpeHHeA nOJIOCTH, YCTpoiicTBaMH nO.ll.orpeBa (na- pOSblMH nO.ll.OrpeSaTeJIHMH), npOTHBOn01K8pHblMH YCTPOH- CTSaMH " T. ,ll. BepTHKaJIbHble pe3epByapbI .lI.eJJalOT C nJJ8BY- qHM nOHTOHOM H 6e3 [lOH JOHa )KeJIe306eTOHHble pe3ep- Byapbl 6b1B81OT BepTHKaJIbHblMH L1,HJJHH.lI.pHtleCKHMH, n0.ll.3eM- HbIMH H nOJlY3arJIy6JIeHHblMH eMKOCTblO 1000; 2000; 3000, 4000 " 5000 M 1 H 60JIee. nOJIY3arJIy6JIeHHbIll L1,HJIHH.lI.PHtlecKHll pe3epByap .lI.JIH Ma- SYTa G YCTpoikTBOM naponO.ll.orpesa eMKOOTblO 300 T nOKasaH Ha pHC. 4.36. npHeM )KH.lI.KOro rpY3a B pe3epByapbI MOJKe'l npOH3S0,ll,HTbCfI CaMOTeKOM "JIM HaCOCaMH, sbI.lI.aqa - 06b1tlHO HaCOCaMH. CKJI8.l1.bI .lI.JIH XpaHeHHfI >KH.lI.KH X rpY30B upoeJ;{TlfPYIOTCfI B COOTBeTCTBHH co crpoHTeJIbHbIMH HOpMaMH H npaBHJIaMH, YTBep)K.lI.eHHbIMH rOCCTpOeM CCCP (CHHn Il-I06-79 it .lI.P ). 114 PIIC 4,36 nOJlynOi\3CMHblA >Kene306eToHHblH pe3epByap 1MB MasYTa: 1 - YCTpOAcTBo)l,.l1" nOAorpe- Ba rpY3a, 2 - naTpyOKu Bbi. A811U rpY3a, 3 - KnanSHHOO OTAMeHBe, 4 - YCTpoAcTBO 8.!1Mepa ypOBHB JKH,l\KOCTH; 6 - BeHTHnBIIHoHuoe yc»- poAoTBo: 6 - Kopny<r 7_ B8Tpy(jOK npHelila rpysa 
nO.ne3HblA 06t.eM pe3pByapa QHJlHHl1.pHQeCKOH 4><>PMbI (Af') onpeAeJHleTCfI no q,opMy.ne \ 2 V p = nD p H p fg/4, (4.60) rAe Dp - BHYTpeHHHH AMaMeTp peaepBY8pa, M; Hp - Bbl- COTa pe3epBY8pa no 60KOBOH CTeHKe ,no HH3a KPblUIH, Mj f8 - K03ct$HuHeHT aanOJlHeHH.SJ pe3epByapa (npHHHMaeTcfI fa = 0,9+0,95). .l1.onOJlHHTeJlbHble CBeAeHHfI no CKJl8,naM >KH,nKHX rpyaoB co,nep>KaTCfI B r JI 14. fJlaBa 5 CPE,lJ.CTBA MEXAHH3AI.(HH CKJIA,lJ.CKHX PA60T 5 1 KPAHbl 11 MOHOPEJ1bCO'Bbll1 TPAHCnOPT H8M60.nee npOCTblMH Mex8HH3MaMH, npHMeHfleMbIMH Ha CKJl8A8X AJIfi MexaHH38UHH norpY3KH H p83rpY3KH TpaHC- nopTHblx Cpel1.CTB H oepeMemeHlifi rpY30B, flBJlflIOTCfI 3JIeK- crpoTaJIH, HarOTOBJIfieMble B COOTBerCTBHH C fOCT 22584-77. (pHC. 5.1 H ta6J1. 5 1). OHM HMelOT npHBOAbI no,n'beMa H ropH30HTaJlbHOrO nepe.nBIUKeHHfI. 3J1eKTpOTaJIH KJl8CCH<pH- QHPYIOT no paCnOJlmKeHMIO no,n'beMHOrO MexaHH3M8 OTHOCH- reJIbHO nYTH, rpY30nOl1.'beMHOCTH, BblCOle nO.ll'beMa rpY3a, CKOpOCTH nepeJ1BH>KeHHfI M nOl1.'beMa, HanpH>KeHHIO ueneH ynpaBJleHHfI. nHTaHUe 3J1eKTpOT8J1en TOKOM ocymecTBJIfleTCfI rH6KHM K86eJleM HJlH no TpOJIJlefiM MOCTOBble KpaHbl WMpOKO npH \1eHHIOTCfI H8 aaKpblTbIX Ii OTKpbITbIX CKJl8.llax cbmyqnX H WTyqHblX rpY30B. no KOHCTPYKI.J.HH MOCTa pa3J1HtJaIOT 0l1.Ho08J10tJHbIe H l1.Byx6a- JIotJHble MOGTOBbIe KpaHbI; no cnoc06y KaTaHHfI no nOl1.Kpa- HOBblM nYTflM - nO.llBe€Hble Ii onopHbIe: no POJ1Y nepepa6a- _ IfbIBaeMhIX rpyaoB - YHHBepCaJlbHble H CneU1l8J1H3HpOBaH- HhIe; no THny rpY30aaXBaTHoro YCTpoikTBa - KpIOKOBhIe, rpeHq:,epHbIe, MarHHTHhIe; no pe>KHMaM pa60TbI - JIerKHH JJ (JIB = IS %), CpeJlHHif C (JIB = 25 %), nI>KeJlbIii T (JIB = 40 %), BeCbMa TfI>KeJIbIH BT (JIB = 60 %). CxeMbI MOCTOBbIX KpaHoB npHBeJleHhI Ha pHO. 5.2 Ii 5.3, a TeXHMtJecKafi xapaKTepHGTHKa Ii S3BOAhI-HarOTOBH- 'I'eJIH - B «raM. 5.2-5.4. KpaHhI 0l/.H06aJlotJHble onop- U5 
II i1 4 PKC. 5.1. 3J1eKTpOTaJlh: 1 - e3.l\OBaH 6anKa, 2 - npHBO.l\ nepe.l\BH- >KeHHH, IJ - KaperKa XOJIOCTaSl, 4 - TOKO- nO.l\no.l\; 5 - rpY30Boil KplOK, 6 - KHOnoq. Hail noeT ynpaBneHHH nO.l\BecHoll. 7- rpY30Boil 6apa6aH, 8 - npHBO.l\ nO.l\1>eMa PHC, 5 2 KpaH MOCTOBOii nO.l\BeCHOII OI\HO. 6aJloIIHwA 1 - oOJ\KpaHOBbJe 0YTH. 2 - oO.l\BecHoi! KHOnOquhlfi nOCT ynpaDJIeHHH KpaHoM, J- rpY30Boli KplOK, 4- 3neKTpOTanb. 5 - rH(S. KHII Ka(Senb AJIH oO.l\RO.l\a 9neKTp09HeprHH K 9neKTpoTanH; 6 - rJIBBH3H 6aJIKa MOCTS: 7 _ KOH'enaH 6anK8 MIi>CTa c npHnO.l\8MH Oepe.l\nH>KeHHSI H XOJ\OHblMH 1'U)JIeCaMK 5' u In PHC. 5.8, MOCTOBOA l!.Byx6aJlOQHWil UpolK 0611(ero HaSHaQeHHSI: 8;K0::.eH 6K::a':H:-6 AE2:I!I:alee;:,bn: A6io:P;nlt;pg=:=: It CJlCJKKe; 6 _ <re.neJKK8 ooopHaH . DpHBOA8MH nepeABHJKeHHSI H nOA'beM8, 1- K8Ha'i AJUJ O€lAnceRH fHOKOFO Ka6e.llSl: 8_npHBoA nepeABH)\(eHHSI Kp8Ha. 9 - r.ll8a- HBIe TpO.llneH, 10... DnoaAKa AnSI 06enY)\(HBaHHSI TponneeB, 11... rnaBHIoI8 68J1KH MOCTa, 12 _ FPY30BOl! KPIOK. 13 _ Ka6HHa 8 nynbToM YDpaBJleHHSI KpaHOU 116 
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<l>IfKCIfPVKYrCSI C nOMOblO KOHeQHblX nepeKnlOQalfeJ1eH 5, Ha KOTopble B03)J.eHcTBYIOT Cnel.{lianbHble ynopbl, YCTaHOBJIeU- HMe Ha HenO)J.BIDKHOH paMe. 52. KPAHbI-illTABEJIEPbI KpaUbl-IlITa6enepbl HBnHIOTCSI OCHOBHblM cpe)J.cTBOM K6M- nneuOKoH MexaHIf3aUIfH H aBToMaTH3aUHH pa60T Ha CKaax 'I'-8.ptlO-tUTYQHblX rpY30B. B COOTBeTCTBHH C fOCT 16553-......-82. KpMflJl-W1'a6enepbl C aSTOMaTHQeCKHM yopaBneHl1eM .nOJlY QIfJUI H8HMeHOBaHHe «CKna)J.CKHe P06OTbl». I1cnoJIb3yroreSI KpaH...,.tTa6eJIepbl )J.BYX THnOB: MOCTOBble H CTeJIJIa,)KHble. ¥ .x KpaHOB-UITa6enepoB (pHC. 5.8) TeneH<Ka. ,,3, HecyaR BepTHKaJIbHYIO KOJIOHHY 4, nepeMemaeTcH no Mas. HblM 6aJIKaM MOCTa 2, coe)J.IfHeHHbiM KOHueBblMH 6anKaMIf 7. KpaH-wTa6e./1ep nepe)J.BHraeTcH OpH nOMOH npHBQ.!tOB 6 no nOJ{KpaHOBbIM nYTSIM 1, KOTopble HnH YCTaHaBJIHBamCSl Ha CTeJlna>KH 8 HJIIi KpenHTcSI K CTeHaM (KOJIOHHaM) 3)J.aHH. KonoHHa 4 KpaHa-IlI1 a6eJIepa HeC(> r fH1JIOQllblri rpY303a- XBaT 5, KOTOpblH MO}J(el IlcpcMemarbcH aBepx H BHH3 no HanpaBJHlIOU(IIM C I1OMomblO MeXaHH3M:a nO)J.'beMa, YCTaHo- BJIeHHOrO Ha TeJIelKKe KonoHHa KpaHa-IlITa6enepa KpenHTcH CIHf3Y K nOBopOTHOMY Kpyry, BCTpoeHHoMY B MeTanJIOKQR- CTPYKlI.lf1O Tene»<KH. Kpyr MO>KeT nOBOpaqHBaTbCSI BMeCTe o KOJIOHHOH C nOMOblO npHBo)J.a nOBopoTa, HMelOero sy6- qaTYIO IfJIH <l>pnKUHoHHYIO nepe)J.aqy. 8 PHC. 5.8. 06w.ee YCTPOKCT80 MOCT08oro KpaHa-wTa6eJlepa -6 MallHK08 0 5 129 
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10=    ! :I  !  = .; f5 f5 0 U') 0 f5 f5 0 S   :::! '<to C'I  C') 0> !:: r-. 0> CO 00   :€ C'I '<to , .. . 0...   0    I I I I "III '<to .... ;C" iE  0 f5 S   U') tQ C'I C'I '<to "      I I I I I III '"' ::r: ::r: ::r: ::r: ::r: E- E- E- E- E- 00 C'I CO   C'I C'I C') ". g r- U') r-. 'i >- 00  S :::! :::!   ..", t i: u 0" ",,, u .. r- It) to- O(  s  s I I I I Jli ... 0 0 0 0 0  0 S 8 0 III" :!: i2 0 ll")  U')  :I 3s. - ;:;  S S :::! !t 2 .. 0 r- 0 0 0 0 0 0 ..   i:I.:! III S '<to 0 U') S LQ 0  e;: 0 0  U')   t::! C'I C'I C'I - C'I  0 0 g 0 0  0 0 0 0 C') <.0 0 <.0 U') U') C')  ..:II! " ;:; C'I :!: :!: g ;:; ;:; :!: :II! - ;i ... 0 0 0 0 0 g g 0 0 0 0.0. III" :!: U') 0 LO  co S!  .. .. 3s. 00 ;:;  0> S S ",:II! - ..If) 1-." .. 0. .. ,I:> 0 0  0 LO 0 0 0 8 .. 00 0 ;:;:; '<to 0 0 r- r- I; r- C') <.0 r- C'I r- C'I g C';) t::! C'I C'I C') C';) C') C'I C'I C'I C') g.. 0 0 0 0 0 LO 0 0 0 0 g" 0 0, 0 0 0 C'I, 0, C!- o 0 C'I' - C'i tD S - - - C'i <'5 I-. c" " .. to-  0  cq  <q C'i '"' '<to  8    C'I 0 :::! 8  C'I  E-     CI) CI) (7) CI) CI) tLI tLI tLI tLI a.  = I( :; " .. :II Q, III .eo  .. :i  ..  .0 '" Cf :0: 0: \0 '" E- 142 ::  :; g e>. 5  .. e>. :II 5 .. III .. if  t; oj .. .. .. .. .. :II .. '" t:: 
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0) J 5) J ' c2J.. 1 I e) PRC 6 t 6 rpY303axBaTHLIe YCTpollcTBa K ueKTpOnorpY3QlfKY THna 3 n _I 031(  i crllR&I: rpY3038XB8THblX YCTPOHCTB: CTpeJl3, IIJTblpb, CMern.afO- I.L(tu'i:c.R 60KOBOH 33XB8T, K3peTK3 CMern.CHHH, nOBopOTHh111 (SOKOBO" 38XBaT ,AJlH PYJlOHOB H CT8J1KHBaTeJlb (fOCT 24366-80 E) CTpeJl8 DPK-I (pHC 5 16, a) npe,AH33!1aQCHa Jl.JlR Tpano- nopTHpoBaHliH KPywwra6apI1TfILIX rpY30B H rpY30B CJlO>K- Holt <pOpMbI KplOK CTpeJlbl MOIKeT nepeMcrn.aTbCH no KOH- COIIH II <pHKCHpOBaTbCH B Tpex nOJlOIKeHHHx fpY30nO,A'beM- HOC«O norpY3QHKa YMeHblIJaeTCSI C YBeJlHtIeH!-IeM BbIJlCT3 no,A- Beca rpY3a KplOK MO>KeT nOBOpatIHBaTbCH B ropH30HtaJlfoHOH nJlOCKOCTH Ha 360 0 UITblpeBoH rpY3038XBaT DPUI-I (pHC 5 16,6) npC,AH33Ha- tIeH .AM1 1 paHC!I< p Il1pOnal'llH Ii IIJTa6eJlHpOnamH1 KOJlbll.e- 06pa3HbIX rpY30l> (6YJ\.T, 6) lITon, anroMawHH), I1MClOlIl.tlK u.enTpa.nbHoe oTBepcTIie Ou COC10HT H3 I1J1HTbI 1, KOTopafl C nOMOUJ,b1O 60JlTOB 4 Ii 5 KpenHTcH K Kape1 Ke 3 rpY30nO,A'beM- HHKa, Ii CTep>KHH 2, Ha KOTOpbIH HaBelIJHBaeTCH rpY3 CMern.alOrn.nik51 60KOBOH 3axnaT DP5-1 (pHC. 5.16, 8) npe,AHa3HatIeH ,AJlH neperpY3KH KIm, TIOKOB H Hrn.HKOB, He RMelOrn.HX CaJla30K, II COCTOHT H3 r\t,ApOll.HJlIfH,Apa I, Tpy6o- np086.iWB 2 II Jlan 3 Talme )I(e rpY303axBaTbl C BOrHYTbYMIf tt4 
.nanIfMH' ff(:HiMeHHIOT ,AJUI neperpY3KH PYJIOHOB, 60qeK H ,APY- tux rp"J30B lI.HJJrIllAPItqeCKOH <POp MbI. CTaJUmBaTeJIb OPT -} (puc. 5.1:6, e) CJIY»UlT ,AJISI CTaJIkH- BaHHH I1ITYQHOrO rpY3a C BHJI I U COCTOItT H3 ynopa I, pblqa>KH CHCTeMbI 2. fJi,ApOlI.UJIHlJsZJ:pa 3 H Tpy60npOBo- AOB 4. I 3JIeKTponorpY3Ql1KI1 U rpY303axnaTHbIe npl1cnOC06JIeHUH K lutf1{ H3rOTOBJIHIOTCR 3aBO,AaMI1 MHH3JICKTpOTexnpoMa CCCP (6eJIblI.KHM 3JIeKTpOTeXHUQeCKHM 3aBO,AOM, KaHarn- CKUM 3a80,AOM 9JIeKTponorpY3QUKOB, KYTal1ccKI1M 9JIeKTpO- MeXaHliQeCKHM 3aBO,AOM), CBep,AJIOBCKHM MaillI1HOCTpOUTeJlb- HhlM 11M M. 11 KaJIHHIIHa, U KaJIl1HHHrpa,ACKHM BarOHO- CTpOI1TenbHbIM 3aBO,IIaMU. I ' AocTynHbI ,AJI5I I1pHo6peTeHHR TaK){{e 9JIeKTponorpY3tfJfKH npOft3BO,ACTB3 60JIrapCKOH <pllpMbI «5aJIKaHKap» EB 6.3 (rpY30nO,A'beMHOCTb 630 Kr, BbICOTa nO,A'beMa BHJI 3300 M, IllHpHHa npoe3,Aa ,IIJIR IllTa6eJII1pOBaHHR 2325 MM); EB 631 3 (rpY30nO,A'beMHOCTb 1000 Kr, BbICOTa nO,A'beMa BUJI 3300 MM, IlllfpUHa' npOC3,Aa ,AJISI [lJTaOeJII1pOBallllSI 2555 MM); EB.681 45 II (rpy IOIIOJ(I,CMIIOCl (> 1000 I<r, BbICOTa nO,A'bCMa 81M 4;;00 MM, illII plliU II (Wc3,IIa .lI.JIR illTa6eJ1HpOBaHHR 2850 MM) H fJ.p 3neKTpOnorpY3Ql1KH C BbI,ABH)I{HbIMU BI1JIaMI1, npe,AHa3I1a- qeHMIe cnelI.HaJIbHO ,AJIR OOCJlymHBaHHH 30H xpaHeHHH rpy- a nonYQHJII1 HaHMCHOBaHIte 9JICKTpOIllTa6cJIcpOB Ore,e- CTBe1UnMi .:lJIeKTpOillTa6eJIep Tl1na 31I1-188M npoH3BO,AC1;Ba no «3neKTpOB030CTp0I1TeJIb» (r T6I1JII1CI1) MomeT nOBopa- 'HIBaTb- B1inbI Ha 180 0 (pHO. 5 17). Ha CKJIa,Aax npHMcHfllOTCH PHI:. 5.17. 9.pKT\>OWTaOeJlep TIlDa 8W-188M 145 
T a (j Jl H It a ,5 19. napaMeTploi 9JleK1'pOwTa6enepoB 5': 111 b:r h fiJ o:::s .oil:u TKn 2 u . ..",--... TKn aKKYMynll- Mae- i!  :s TOpHOII 6aTapeH ca, KJ' 0.., . :>'111 :II 00." ti Q. =0:.,,,, 1:Q0:: uo::'" SIll-188M I 0,5 I 4,5 - I 1,95 I I 23H-400 2160 EB-4183 3,3 1 1460 I 2,22 1740 - EB-418 45 4 1,0 4,51 I CBHHItOBaH - 1630 2,0 2150 EB-418 56 4 5,6 n p H Me. a H K e CxOPOCTb nOA'beMa rpysa 0.18 Mia. HanpmKeOHe 24 B TBK)I(e 9J1eKTpOuna6eJlepbI npOH3BO,nCTBa q>HpMhI «BBJlKaH- Rap» THna EB 418. napaMeTpbI 3J1eKTpOlUTa6eJlepOB ,naHbl B Ta6J1 5.19. 5.4. MAlIIl1HbI HEnPEPblBHOro ,nEflCTBI1H K MamHHaM HenpepbIBHoro ,neikTBHH OTHOCHTCH KOHBeA- epHbIe, nHeBMO- H ru,npOTpaHcnopTHbIe YCTaHoBKH. KOHBeit- epHbIe YCTaHoBKH ,AeJlflTCH Ha .D.Be rpynnbl: C THrOBbIM opra- HOM H 6e3 THrOBoro opraHB. K OCHOBHhIM THnaM KOHBeAepo!3 C THfOBbIM oprBHoM, HcnoJlb3yeMbiM HB CKJla,AaX, OTHOCHTCH JleTOqHbIe, nJlaCTHHIJaTble, BHHToBbIe, cKpe6KoBbIe, nOA- BecllbIe, pOJIHKOBbIe, lUTaHroBble, TeJIeR<eqHbIe, BH6paIJ.HOH- Hble H 9JIeBaTopbl. JIeHTOqHble KOHBeHepbl npHMeHHIOTcH Ha CKJla,Aax .ll.JlH rpBHcnopTHpoBaHHH cblnyqHX H lUTyqHblX rpY30B. JIeHTOIJ- HhIe KOHBeHepbI nO,Apa3,AeJlHIOT Ha ropH30HTaJIbHbIe H J:laKJlOH- HbIe (06bl'lHO yroJl HaKJlOHa ,AO 20-22°), CTaIJ.HoHapHble H ne- pC.ABHR<Hble, C HCnO.ABHR<HbIM KOHIJ.eBbiM 6apa6aHoM H TeJle- CKOnHqeCKHC (Bbl,ABHR<HbIC) JIcHTa Y JICHTO'lHblX KOHBeHepoB HBJIHeTCH O.AHOBpCMeHHO T5IrOBblM H rpY30HcCYW.HM opraHoM. Cyw.ecTBYIOT pe3HHOTKaHCBbIe, pC3I1HOTpOCOBbIC, MeTBJlJlHqe- CKHe npOBOJIOqHO-nJICTCHbie H CnJIOWHbIC JIHCTOBbiC JleHTbI Ha CKJIa,AaX HCnOJIb3YIOT JleHTOqHbIe KOHBeHepbI (nHTa- reJIH, ncperpY30'lHbiC YCTpoHcTBa) .AJIHHOH OT 2-3 .AO 200- 300 M CKOpOCTb JIeHTbl 06bIqHO COCTBBJIHeT 0,5-2,5 M/C lJaCTH KOHBeHepa (pHC 5.18) MOHTHPYIOTCH Ha MeTaJIJIO- KOHCTPYKIJ.HH 1, MMeHyeMoH B COOTBeTCTBHH C rOCT 2572283 146 
10 PHC. 5.18. JleHTOQHWA KOHKeAep CTaBOM KOHBeiiepa. npHBO.n; KOHBeHepa MOHTHpyeTcH Ha cne- HaJIbHOH paMe H CO.ll.ep}f{HT 3JIeKTpo.n;BHraTeJ1b 9 H pe.AYK- TOp 10, coe.n;lfHeHHbIH HenOCpe,ltCTBeHHO lfepe3 MY<jYry enHoA HJIH peMeHHoA nepe.n;atIeH C npHBo.n;HbJM 6apaoaHoM 2. Or npHBo,ltHoro 6apa6aHa .n;BH}f{eHHe nepe.n;aeTCH 6ecKoHeQHoit ReHTe, B KOTOpOH pa3JIHtIalOT pa60tIYlO BeTBb 3 H XOJIOCTYIO BeTBb 8 Pa60tIYIO BeTBb KOHnE'Hepa nOMep}f{HBalOT BepxHHe pOJIHKOOnOpbI 4, XOJIOC rYlo oeTBb - HH}f{IlHe pOJIHKOOnOpbJ 7. Hanl}f{eHHe JIeliTbi OCYlU.ec I BJIHIOT nYTeM nepeMelU.eHHH Ha- TH)f<HOrO 6apa6aHa 5 BHHTOBbiM HaTHJf<HbIM YCTPOHCTBOM 6. OpH BbIoope THna JIeHTbI, ee TOJllU.HHbJ cJIe.n;YeT YtIHTbJBaTb CBOHCTBa TpaHcnopTHpyeMoro rpY3a (OPMY, Maccy, a6pa- 3HBHOCTb) H YCJIOBHH pa60TbI KOHBeHepa (TeMnepaTYPY, BJla}f{HOCTb H 3anblJIeHHOCTb B03,lJ;yxa, HarpY3KY Ha JIeHTY). J1.JHI HaKJIOHHOrO TpaHcnopTHpoBaHHH rpY30B npHMeHSIIOT TeKCTIiJIbHbIe JIeHTbI C pe3J1HOBbIMH 60pTaMH BbICOTOH 60- 100 MM npH 3TOM cnoco6e B03MO}f{HO TpaHcnopTHpoBaHHe cbmytIHX H KYCKOBbIX rpY30B C yrJIOM no.n;'beMa 10-20°. npHMeHeHHe JIeHTbI C BblcTynaMH H HaK.na).l,KaMIi n03BOJIHeT YBeJIUtIUTb yroJI HaKJIOHa KOIIBeHepa ,f\O 30-35° PaCtIel HblH .n;HaME'Tp I1pUBO,f\IIOrO 11 HaT5J}f{HOrO 6apa6aHoB )1..lIH pe3HHOTKaHeBblx JIeHT onpe,f\eJIHIOT no opMYJIe d = k 1 k 2 m, r.n;e k 1 - K03<p<pHHeHT, YtIH.TbIBalOlU.HH CBoHcTBa JIeHTbI (THn JIeHTbI); k 2 - K03qxpHI1.H.eHT, YtIH.fbIBalOlU.HH YCHJIHe B JIeHTe H yroJI o6xBaTa .lIeHTOH 6apa6aHa 3HatIeHHH Ko3$PHLI,HeH- TOB k 1 H k 2 npHBe.n;eHbI B Ta6.n 5 20 Ii 5 21 [19] npHBo.n;HbJe Ii HaTH}f{Hble 6apa6aHbI 06bItIHO H3rOTOBJIHIOT 60tIKOo6pa3HoH <l>OPMbI, tITo6bJ JIeHTa lie c6era.na C 6apa6aHa OKOHtIaTeJIbHblH 11l1aMeTp BbI6HpaIOT 113 pHlla 3HatICHHH, MM: 160; 200, 250; 315, 400; 500, 650, 880; 1000, 1250; 147 
T a 6 JI II "a 5.20. 3Ha'leHHe Koa4:cI>HuHeHTa it, YIIHTWBaJOO CBOt- CTBft JleHTW ' 1 t , . .. 'Ii .. 'Ii " I' "'''0 "'''0 THn TKaHH g:if K03\p\pHI.\HeHT THn TK81IH U:r .1 .. 1 neHTbl JIeHThI K03\P4!HI.\Hem &: &:..5:!. I" I ' t:::g. t::;: i " f' I>KHJI-65 50 1,25 TK-300 300 2,()-.lw25 BKHJI-IOO 100 1,4-1,6 TK-400 400 '2;5  BKHJI-150 150 1,6-1,8 T JIK-200 200 1,8-2,0 TK-500 500 2,7 , I T a 6 JI II 11, a 5 21 311alleHIHI K09c1>cI>HU,HE'HT8 "2 K03<!>4>MI.\HeHT k. npH I<;094>4>Ol\,HeHT ,Ii, "Pit YCHJIHH B JIeHTe B Me- YCHJlHH D JleH1'e B Me- YrOJI 06XBaTa CTe YCTa HOBKH 6d- YrOJI 06XBaTa CTe YCT8UOBIUt &- (5ap868Ha pa6aHa. % OT MaK- 68p86aHa pa6aHa, % OT MIIK- neHToA, 0 CHM3JIbHoro YCHJIHH JIeHTOA J 0 CHMaJIbHoro YClfJIJlH 100 I 75 I 50 I 25 100 I 75 I 50 I 26 MeHee 15 I 50 l't'l'51 70-110 I - 63 5tl ' 40 15-30 63 50 40 32 180-240 100 80 ' 6 '50 1400; 1600; 2000 H 2500 rOCT 22645-77* npeAYTp.B. BaeT qeTblpe THna pOJIHKOOnOp .l.(JIH JIeHTOqHbIX KOHBeHepOB: Bep.1!:HHH nJIOCKaH (pHC. 5 19, a), BepXHHH )KeJlC:)()anuI : : J 0) b f 3)_ ;f ' f&4  , 148 POC 5 19 POJIHKOOnOpbl nelll O'lHblX KOHBeliepoB .  - BepXHlI1I DJIOCKall; Jf- BepXHlI1I JIUIJlo6'1aTall, II - HHJKIIBII nJlocKasl; iI - HO"'HIIII JKCJl06'1aTIIJI \. , 
(pile. 5.19, 6), HH)KHHR nJIOCKaR (pHC 5.19,8), HHR<:HRR )Ke- no(')qaTaR (pHC 5 19, e). Pa3MepbI pOJIHKOOnOp YKa3aHbl B Taon 5.22. HapRY C rnaKHMH pOJIHKOOnOpaMH npHMeHSIlOT «fJYTepoBaHHble, aMOpnl3Hpyrow,He H HCKOBbie <l>YTepoBaH- HblMH I pOJIliKOOnOpaMfi OCHaIII.arorcR KOHBeHepbI, rpaHcnop- TlfpylOLI\lfe a6ea3HBHble, HaJIHnarow,He H arpeccHBHbIe Ma- TepHaJIbl. .LI.JIR CM5IrqeHHR yapoB MaTepHaJIa 0 JIeHTY HCnOJIb- SYIOT aMoPTH3HpyroLl\He pOJIliKOOnOpbl. .LI.HcKoBbIe pOJIHKo- onopbl YCTaHaBJIHBalOT. JI Sf noepR<:aHH Sf HHR<HeH BeTaH neHTbI II ee OqHCTKH OT HaJIHnIlIHX MaTepHaJIOB JI.JIA nOJIyqeHHR Heo6xoHMoro HaTSfR<:eHHR JIeHTbI, oOec- neqlfBalOLI\ero Hae)KHOe ee ClI.enJIeHHe C npHBo,ll,HbIM 6apa6a- HOM, npHMeHSfroT rpY30BbIe, BHHTOBbIe, rHpaBJIHqeCKHe Ha- THH<Hhle YCTpoHcTBa. BHHToBble H rHpaBJIHqeCKHe HaTR)K- Hhle ycrpoHcTBa MorYT oCHaw,aTbCSI CHCTeMaMH aBTOMaTHqe- cKqro perYJIHpOBaHlul YCHJIHSI HaTRra B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT Tpe- 6yeMoro KpYTSIw,ero MOMeHTa Ha BaJIY 6apa6aHa. Xo).{ Ha- TSt>Kkoro YCTpolicTBa Bbl6HparoT B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT JJ:JIHHbl "paCCbl KOHBeliepa, TeMnepa rypllhl,( ncpcnal103, B03MOR<:HOrO YJI!iHeHHR JJelITbl. 3arPY3IW JJell! O'II/I,IX KOHBeiIepOB cbmyqHMH rpY3aMH npOlf3BOJ(HTCSI npH nOMOIII.H 6YHKepOB, BOpOHOK, )KeJIo60B; tfapHo-urryqHbIMH rpY3aMH - C npHMeHeHHeM TOJIKaTeJIeH, MaHlmYJIflTopOB H npOMbIUIJIeHHbIX POOOTOB (CM, n. 5.6). JI.H.H pa3rpY3KH JIeHTOqHbIX KOHBeliepoB npH TpaHcnopTHpo- l' a 0 JlIf1J, a 522. napaMeTpLl ponHKoonop AnR neHTO'lHLlX KOHoeAepoB (CM. pHC. 5.19) I An!!!!a pOn!!Ka, MM H8!!C5onbW8R IllHp n nB A!!aMeTp ponnK8 d. W!!pn!!8 He. IleKTbI 8, MOl I I cYIl\eA Kon- MM , I It I. CTpYKLI,HR b, MM 300 bJ 400 - - 600 400 63, 89 500 160 - 700 500 108 600 195, 200 - 800 650 63, 89, 108; 133 750 245; 250 - 950 800 63; 89, 108; 133, 159; 950 310; 315 465 1150 194, 219; 245 1000 89, 108, 133; 159 1150 380 600 1350 1200 194, 219; 245 1400 460; 465 670 1600 140(1 108; 133, 159; 194 1600 530 750 1800 160(1 219, 245 1800 600 900 2050 2000 159, 194 2200 740; 750 1150 2600 2500 159, 191 - 900 1400 3100 3000 219, 245 - 1150 1600 3600 1(9 
7 IJ ( (j .J 4 J PIK. 5.20 nJiaCTHHqaTWiI lIoHaeAep BaHMH CbHlYlJHX H mTYlJHblX rpY30B HCnOJIb3YIOT nJIY>KKOBbIe c6paCblBaTeJIH C nHeBMaTHlJecKHM, 9JIeKTpH'IeCKHM, PyqHblM npHBO,llOM, a TaK>Ke paarpY30'lHbIe c6paCblBalOrn.He Te- JIe>KKH JIemOqlIble KOHBeHepbI HafOTOBJIHIOT no HOpMaJlSlM rnH COIOanpOMMeXaHH3aLl.HH 3aBo.nbl MHHnDKMama cCCP (no- JleBCKOH H 5eJIOXOJIYHHIKHH MamHHOCTpOHTeJIbHble 3aOO)lbl, rOpOXOBetJ,HKH 3aBO.n nO,ll'beMHO-TpaHcnopTHoro 060pY)loBa. HMH). n AaCIllUH'wmble KOlll3ellepbl npHMeHRIOT )lJIR ropH30HTaJIb- Horo H' HaKJIOHHOrO TpaBcnopTHpOBaHHH HaCblnHblX M IllTyq. HbiX rpyaoB T5JrOBbIM opraHOM B .:;)THX KOHBeHepax CJIY>KaT )lBe BepTl.fKa.'IbHO-aaMKHYTble u,enH, K KOTOpblM KpenHTCH Ha. CTHJI, BbIDo"llI HeMbi i'l 113 MeTaJIJIl1lJeCKHX, .nepeBHHHblX, nJIa- CTMaCCOBblX HJIH pe::HlHOBbIX nJIaCTHH THrOBbie Ll.enH HMelOT onopHl>le pOJIH KH, nepeMern.alOlll.HeCH no HanpaBJIHIOrn.HM Me. 1 aJIJIOKOHCTPYKLl.HH KOHBeHepa. D.JIHHa n.TJaCTHHlJaT'bIX KOH- Bci'tepoB, HCnOJIbayeMblx Ha CKJIa.nax, 06b1'1IIO He npeBbllllaeT 80-100 M npH Ull1pHHe HaCTHJIa 400-1600 MM. CKOpOCTb nJIaCTHHtJalblX KOIlBeiicpOB (),.'3-0,8 M/C 06rn.HH BH.n TIJI<lCTll II'!;! rOI 0 JWHB<:'IIPpa nOKa3aH Ha pHC. 5.20. K pa!e 6 KpenmcH BdIlpaBJI511oUl.He nYTH 5, no KOTOpbIM nepeMern.alOTcH KaTKH 4 THrOBblX Ll.eneH 3. HaCTHJI 8 KOHBei'tepa 06pa30BaH nJIOCKHMH nJIaC1HHaMH. npHBO.lt co. .nep>KHT )lBe nplIBO)lHbIe 3Be3)lD'IKH J. OfH6aeMbie Ll.enHMH, pe,llYKTOp H 3JICKTpO)lBHraTeJIb 2 Ha npoTHBOnOJIO(HOM or npHBO,lla KOHLl.e KOBBciiepa YCTaHOBJIeHl>l HaTH>KHbIe 3Be3J,1.01J- KU 7 H HaTmKHoe YCTpoiicTBo. 15{) 
B COOTBeTCTBHH C rOCT 22281-76* CTaI.(HOHapHble nJIa- CTHHqaTbie KOHBeHepbl 06m.ero Ha3HaqeHHH )l.OJDKHbI HMeTb cJIe)l.YIOm.He napaMeTpbI: IllHpHHa HaCTHJl8 xO)l.oBoii qaCTH, MM . .. ... 400 500 650 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 BwcoTa 60pTa, MM . . .80 \0O 125 160 200 250 315 355 400 450 500 Illar THrOBoii uenH, MM 80 \00 125 160 200 250 400 500 630 800 lIHCJlO 3y6beB 3Be3)1.0'leK 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 CKoPOCTb )l.BH1KeHI!H XO)l.O- DOH 1IaCTH KOHBeiiepa, M/C 0,01 0,016 0,0250,040,050,063 0,06 0,1 0,125 0,160,20,2') 0,315 0.4 0.5 0,6.3 0,8 1,0 flOaSeCHble KOHoet1epbl TpaHcnopTHpYIOT KaK TapHo-11lTyq- Hble, TaK H cbmyqHe rPY3bI Ha CKJIa.ll.aX npllMeHHIOT TPH THna nO.ll.BeCHbIx KOHBeHepOB: rpY30Hecym.He, TOJIKalOm.He H rpy30Be.ll.ym.lfe flO)l.BeCKH rpY30Hecym.IlX KOIIBeHcpOB nepe- Mem.aIOTCH Ha KaTJ{aX no nO.ll.BeCHbIM nYTHM C nOMom.blO 3aMK- HYTOH I.(enH, K KOTOpOH OHH npHKpenJ!eHbl. Y TOJIKalOm.HX nO)l.BeCHbiX KOHBeHepOB OTCYTcTByeT nOCTOHHHoe coe.ll.HHeHHe TeJJe>KeK C THroBOH I.(enblO. TeJIe>KKH nepe.ll.BllraIoTcH C no- MOm.blO KYJIaQKOB, 3aKpenJIeIlHLIX I1a lJ,elIlI, KOTopaH .lI.BH>Ke- TCH no Tpacce, napaJIJICJlbllOI1 1 pdcce )(BH)KeHHH TeJIe>KeK Y rpY30ne.ll.ym.H x KOHueiiepOB 1 eJle)/{KH nepeMew,alOTCH no nOJIY c nOMow,blO T5IrOBOH I.(enH, nO.ll.BerneHHOH K KapeTKaM, KOTopbIe nepe.ll.BHralOTCH no e3.l1.0BOH 6aJIKe. Tpacca rpY30- Hecym.ero HJIH TOJIKalOm.ero KOHBeHepa MO)/{eT npOXO.ll.HTb no pa3JIHQHbIM 9Ta)/{aM H KopnycaM npeJwpH HTIHI Ee .lI.JIHHa "HOr)l.a )l.OCTHraeT HeCKOJIbKHX KHJIOMeTpOB. CKOpOCTb .lI.BH- >KeHHH THfOBOH I.(enlf 3aBHCHT 01' Ha3HaqeHHH KOHBeiiepa H MO>KeT 6blTb OT 0,2 .lI.O 0,8 Mfc. flO)l.BecHOH rpY30Hecym.eH KOIIBeHep (pHC. 521) CO)l.ep- 1KHT THrOBblH opraH B BH.lI.e I.(enlJ 1, K KOTOpOH npHKpenJIeHbI KapeTKH 2. KapeTKlf nepeMem.a!OTC5I no 3aMKHYToflIY nO.ll.Bec- HOMY nYTH 3, BbI!10JIlIeIIII0\1Y 113 f(BY I clBpa, peJIbCa IfJIH yr JIonoro npOK[1Ta IIoJ:(CClIJOH nYl b C nOMow.blO KPOH- wTeHHoB KpenHTC5I K cTeHaM, KOJIOHHaM, nOTOJIhY 3.l1.allHfI UJIM K cToHKaM, 3aKpenJIeHHbIM lIa nOJIY. K KapeTKaM Kpe- mlTCH nO.ll.BeCKH 4 .lI.JI5I TpaHcnopTHpoBaHHH rpY30B 1(OH- CTPYKI.(HH nO.ll.BecoK 3aBIfCHT OT THna TpaHCnOpTHpyeMoro rpY3a. flpHMeHHIOTcH rpY30Bbie nO.ll.BeCKH B BH.lI.e KplOKa, KOHCOJIH, 9Ta>KepKH H .lI.P Tpacca (pIfC. 5 21, 6) nOJ('BeCHoro rpY30Hecym.ero KOH- BeHepa MO)/{eT Hap5l.ll.Y C np5lMOJlHHeiiHbIMH YQaCT- KaMH 5 cO.ll.ep)/{aTb pa3J1HQHbIe nOBopOTbi 6 H HaKJlOHHble YQaCTKH 8 I1pIIBO.ll. 7 KOHBeiiepa COCTOHT H3 npHBO.ll.HOH 3Be3)1.0QKH, pe)l.YKTopa H 9JIeKTpo)l.BHrareJIH nepeMeHHoro 151 
  -  - M --t - ----- --"""----- ----- ----- - 4 I tf)' 8 PH. 1\ 2). nO)l.BCCHOIl rpysOHecYII\HII KOHBellep: a - KOHCTPYKI\HH; (1 - CJleMa TpaccbI TOKa JJ.JHI HaTH>KeHHH I1.enH HCnOJlb3yeTCH rpY30Boe Ha- 'I'H>KHOe YCTpoiicTBO 9. npH .l{J1HHHOH H CJlO>KHOH Tpacce npH- MeHHIOT MHOrO.l{BHraTeJlbHbIH npHBO.l{ napaMeTpbl I1.eHHblX nO.l{BeCHbiX rpy30HecYW.HX KOHBeHepOB o6w.ero Ha3Ha'leHHH npHBe.l{eHbI B Ta6J1. 5.23 HOMHHaJlbHble CKOpOCTH .l{BH>KeHHH XO.l{OBOH 'IaCTH KOH- BeHepa Bbl6HpalOT H3 pH.l{a: 0,3; 0,6; 0,75; 0,95; 1,18; 1,5; 1,9; 2,36; 3,0; 3,75; 4,75; 6,0; 7,5; 9,5; 11,8; 15; 19 H 3,6 M/MHH. B Ka'leCTBe THrOBoro opraHa rpY30Hecyw.ero KOHBe:ii:epa HcnOJlb3YlOTCH I1.emf, H3rOTOBJlHeMbIe B COOTBeT- CTBHH C fOCT 589-85 THnOB PI (c Bpaw.alOw.HMHCH BaJlH- KaMH H XOJlO.l{HOlllTaMnOBaHHbIMH 3BeHbHMH) H P2 (0 <j>HKCH- pOBaHHblMH BaJlHKaMH H XOJlO.l{HOlllTaMnOBaHHbIMH 3BeHbHMH). JJ.ml TOJlKalOw.HX KOHBeHepOB xapaKTepHO HaJlHIIHe .l{BYX nYTeH, pacnOJlO)f{eHHbIX O.l{HH Ha.l{ .l{PYfHM HJlH B O.l{HOH nJl0- CKocrn (60Jlee pe.l{KHH cJlYllaH) no BepxHeMY nYTH nepeMe- w.aIOTCH KapeTKH C TOJlKaTeJISlMH, no HH>KHeMY - TeJle)f{KH C rpYSOBbIMH nO.l{BeCKaMH. YCTpOHCTBO XO.l{OBOH 'IaCTH TOJI- K8IOw.ero KOHBeHepa C BepTHKaJlbHbIM pacnOJlO)f{eHHeM nYTeA 152 
T a (j JI H U a 523. napaMeTpbl nertHbix nO.ll.BeCHbiX rpY30HeCYWHX KO BeAepoB Illar 1 MM nOBOpOTH3>J .6 HarpY31<a, 3Be3AO'lKa KH =p. .;  ., 0603H"'Ie. " =0 .0 ;., Iii:! g." " Hue "t.. S"  :J 0. 0 0 "0 ",::I  t="''' g; 3'" om 2!:E" ;.,= g "' 5.0 =  . 0.", '"   r "'", '" t:["',..... Q., 8"  t ::I I "ou = 320, 8 413,5 203 10 514,9 254 lJ,ftK-80p 80 480, 13 667,7 331 106 2,5 3,0 640, 16 820,6 408 800 20 1022,0 50<) 6 390,7 189 400, 8 516,9 253 lJ,IlK-IOOP 100 600, 10 643,6 318 220 5,0 5,5 800, 13 834,6 414 1000 IG 1025,7 510 20 1277,5 637 I npHBe.ll.eHO Ha pHC 522 no BepxHeMY nYTH 1, C.lI.eJIaHHoMY 113 .lI.BYTaBpa, nepeMelll,alOTCH KapeTKI1 2, COe.ll.HHeHHble THro- BOH uenblO 3, KOTopaH tJepe3 3Be3.l1.0tIKY np1iBO.ll.HTCH B ,ll.BI1- :»<MHe 3JIeKTpOnpHBo.ll.oM, K KapeTKaM npHKpenJIeHbI TOJIKa- TeJIH, KoropbIe nepe.ll.alOT YCHJIHe Ha ynopbI 7 rpY30BblX Te- JIe:»<eK 5, nepeMew,alOw,HxcH no HH:»<HeMY nYTH 6, BbInOJIHeH- HOMY H3 .lI.BYX lllBeJIJIepOB TOJIKaTeJIH 06bltJHO :»<eCTKO 3a- KpenJIeHbl Ha KapeTKe, a ynopbl IfMelOT lllapHHpHoe KpenJIe- HHe C OTKJIOHeHHeM TOJTbKO B O.ll.HY CTOPOHY Ha OCHOBe npHMCI!ClIlIH TOJIK3101lJ,cro I\OI!BCIIepa B03MO)/<HO C03.l1.aHHe E'.lI.HIIOil I pdI!CrIOpnlO-CKJl3L\CKCJII CIICTeMbI, CBfl3bI- BalOw,en npOIf3BO)C1BeHHbIe YlJdCIKH H CKJIa.ll.bI npOMbllll- JIeHHOrO npe.ll.npIfHTHH Ha pHC 5 22, 6 nOKa3aHa Tpacca TOJIKalOw,ero KOHBeHepa C60pOtIHOrO Kopnyca CIfcTeMa co- CTOIfT H3 JI.BYX TOJIKalOllI,HX KOHBeHepoB 8 If 11, KalK.lI.blH If3 KOTOpblX If MeeT npIfBO.ll.HYIO 10 If HaTHJKHYIO 12 CTaHUHIf. TeJIe:»<KIf C nO.ll.BeCKaMIf C O.ll.HOrO KOHBeiiepa Ha .n.Pyron nepe- .n.alOrCH CneUHaJIbHbIM MexaHH3MOM 9 co CTpeJIotJHbIMIf nepe- BO.ll.aMH TOJIKZIow,Ife KOHBeiiepbI oCHaw,eHbI cHcTeMoH' aBTOMa- TH1IeCKOrO a.ll.peLOBaHHH H nYTeBon aBToMaTIfKoH (CM n 73). fpY30Be.n.YW,HC KOlIBenepbl (plfC 5 23) HMelOT nO)],BecHoH nYTb 1 B BIf.n.e .n.BY raBpoBoH 6aJIKH, nO KOTOPOMY .n.BIf:»<YTCH 153 
f1} 1 2 Ii- 5 6 8 12 PRe 5.22. TOJlUlOlI(HA KOHBeAep a - KOHcrl>YKl(lIRj /J - II/HIMel> TpaCCbI " ".aHe KapeTKH 2, coe)J.HHeHHble npHBO)J.HOH u.enbIO 3. KapeTI<:H He- CYT KOJIbu.a. B KOTopble BCTaBJIHIOTCH KpIOKH 4, coe)J.HHHIOlIJ.He HanOJIbHbIe TeJIeJKKH 5 C KapeTKaMH B03MO>KHO KaK pyqHoe coe)J.HHeHHe TeJIe>KeK C TS'TOBbIM opraHoM, TaK H aBTOMaTHqe- CKoe C nOMOlIJ.bIO cneu.HaJIbHbIX 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHbIx YCTPOHCTB fpY30Be)J.YlIJ.He KOHDeiiepbI Mary']' HMeTb pa3BeTBJIeHHYlO 154 
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npOMblllIJIeHHblH P060T MAH-100n (puc 5.30) COCTOHT H3 MCX311H3HpoBaHHoH TeJIeLKKH 4, nOBopoTHoro OCHOBaHlHI 3, Bbl.il.BIDI\HOH MeXaHHIJeCKOH PYKH 2 H nOJIHOnOBOpOTHoro Me- X3HII l leCKoro CXBaTa 1 npIfBO)l. PYKH H CXBaTa rH)l.paBJIHlJe- CKHH. CHcTeMa vnpaBJIeHH P060TOM BMnOJIHeHa lIa MHKpO cxeMax cepHH K133, K153. Ha60p nporpaMMM npoH3eo' ,llHTC'1 Ha llITeKKepHoH naHeJIH. K rpynne P06OTOB, nepeMelI1,alOlI1,HXC Ha MOHOpeJIbCe, OTHOCSlTC p060TM MO,lleJIeH TPT-1-250, MAK H Mn-t. P060T TPT-I-250 OTHOCHTC K TpaHcnopTHblM p060TaM H npe,llHa3HalleH ,llJI nepeMelI1,eHHH ,lI.eTaJIeH H 3arOTOBOK B CneIJ.HaJIbHOM KOHTeHHepe. OH COCTOHT (pHC. 5.31) H3 no)l.- BeCHOH 3JIeKTpOTeJIeLKKH 1, nepeMelI1,alOlI1,eHCH no es,ll.OBOH 6aJI- Ke 2, TeJIeCKOnHtIeCKOrO nO,ll.'beMHOrO MexaHH3Ma 3 H MeXaHHtIe- CKOro CXBaTa 4. .lI.JIH 06ecnelleHHH 6e30nacHocTH npH nepe- Hoce rpY3a npe,llycMOTpeHa pacKpMBaIOlI1,aHCH saw.HTHaH CeT- Ka 5. Haoop nporpaMMbl ynpaBJIeHH pOOOTOM npOHSBO,llHTCH KJIaBHllIHbIMH nepeKJIlOlIaTeJISlMH O,llIlOBpeMeHllo 3a,ll81OTCH ,llBa a,llpeca n0311IJ.1I11 Tp;WCIIOpllipOB3HIIH, nOCJIe IJero BeCb IJ.HKJI BbIrlOJIHHCTCH aBIOMaTHlJeCKH. .LlJISI BKJIlOtIeHHH TpaHC- DopTHoro po60Ta B aBToM?TH3HpOBaHHYIO BHYTpHIJ.eXOBYIO TpaHcDopTHYIO cHcTeMY npe)l.ycMOTpeHa BOSMOLKHOCTb CTMKo- BKH YCTpOHCTBa ynpaBJIeHHH G 3BM. 57 YCTPOnCTBA flH MEXAHM3AHH BCnOMOr A TEflbHbI X OnEP AHn .lI.JIH MeXaHH3aIJ.HH BcnOMOraTeJIbHMX OnepaIJ.HH Ha CKJIa- ,llax HCnOJIb3YlOTCH neperpY301lHMe Mex3HH3Mbl, rpY303ax- BafHble YCTPOHCTB8 pa3JIH l IHOrO THna, BecoH3MepHTl'JlbHMe ycrpmfl1 na .lI.JIS! leXallliJallllll neperpY30 l IHbIX GnepaUHH B OUIOIJIIO\1 IlPlf\1('fIHlO1Ul IIJIYJI()\(IBhlC COp<IChIB31t'JlII It TOJIKa- Te.'!11 IlJJY)KI\OBbIC c6palblB£JILJIII cJIY)J{ar ,L\JJ5] pa3rpY3KH KOH- BeIiepoB, TpaHcIJOpTHPYIOlI1,HX K<IK cblnYlJHe, TaK H llITYliHble rpY3bl (CM n 54) rOpll30HTaJIbllble, BepTHKaJIbHbIe (no,ll'b- eMHbIC CTOJIbl) H HaKJIOIIHble TOJIKaTeJIH HCnOJIb3YI01 CS! 60JIb- llIeH IJaCTblO AJIH neperpY3KH TapHo-llITYl/HbIX rpY30B [24] HaH60JIee llIHpOKoe npHMelleHHe ropH30HTaJlbHbIe C18JIKH- Bare.IH (TOJ1KaTeJIH) nOJIYliHJIH UpH AByxn03HIJ.HOHHoi'1 nepe- rpY3I\c, hOJ JIa I PY3 fJepeTaJ1KHBaercSI C o,ltHoii onopHoH DJIO- CKOCTH (1I031I1UIII) lIa .il.pyrylO npll 3TOM onopHbIe nJIOCKOCTH MorYT 6bITb HefIO,L\BIlAWbIMI! (HenpHBOLJ,HOH pOJ1l1hOBMH KOH- seiiep, npHeMHblH CTOJI, nJIaItpopMa TeJIeLKKH H T. JJ.) HJIH J75 
L l, ,)   ,  2. J 4- 5 PHC Ii 82 CxeMbl AByxn03UII.UOHHotl m'p{'rpY3Kn WTY'IHblX (PY30B ropl130U Td.Jlb"" HblMH TOJIKaTeJUIMH HaXOJl.HTbCH B Jl.BH>KeIlHH (nOJIOTIlO HanOJIbllOI'O KOHBei'tcpa, nOJl.BeCKa rpY30HeCYllI.eI'O KOHBeifepa, TeJIe>KKa rOpH30HTaJIb- HO-saMKHYToro HJIH BepTHKaJIbHO-3aMKHYToro KOHBeMepa H If. ;11..). B03MO>KHbI CJIeJl.YIOllI.He BapHaHTbI .ll.Byxn03-HI.U40IlHOH neperpY3KH 0 OAHOI'O YCTpOHCTBa lIa APYI'oe: Q HenOJ1.BH>KHOH nJTOCKOCTH lIa nOABH>KllylO, C nO,ll.BH>KHOH Ha IIenOAIHHKHYIO, C HenOABH>KHOM Ha HenOJI,BH>KIIYIO B saBHCHMOCTH OT 'l'eXHOJIOrHtIeCKlIX oco6eHHOCTeii nepe- rpy3IIb1X npoueCCOB ropH30llTaJIbHbIe CTaJIKHBaTeJIH MOI'YT YCTaHaBJIHBaTbCH craLlHOHapHO HJIH lIMeTb B03MO>KHOCTb ne- peMellI.aTbCH C oJl.Hoii n03HUHH H3 ,lI.pYI'Ylo K nepe,ll.BH>KHblM neperpY30tIllbIM YCTpOHCTBaM OTHOCHTCH T3K>Ke YCTpOHCTBa, npeAlla3HaQeHHble ,lI.JIH 3arpY3KH H p33rpY3KlI pa3JIH1JHorO nO,ROmKHOro 060pYAOBaHHH (aBTOM06HJIeH, caMoxo.zJ.lIbix lfeJIe- ]l{eK H T. JI. ) H YCT3HOBJIeHHbIe IIa 3TOM 060pY,lI.OBaHHH. Ha pHC 5 32 npeJl.cTaBJICHbI HeKOTopble cxeMbi Jl.Byxno- 3HUHOililOH neperpY3KH UlTytIHbIX rpY30B C nOMOI..IJ.b1O CTaIllW- Hapllblx CTaJIKHBaTeJleH C II1H'BMaTH'leCKHM HJIH rHJJ.p3B./HI'ie- CKKM npHBoAoM I Ha pHC. 5.32, a I'pY3 3 nepe13.lIKHB3CTCH I1l1eBMpTOJII{2Te- JIeM 4 C pOJIHKOBOI'o KOIIBei'lepa 2 113 3JlCKTpOreJIe>KKY 1, nJIaT<tJopMa KOTOpOH YCTaHOBJIell3 no OCII Jl.eifcTBHH'TOJIKa- TeJIH. CxeMa neperpY3KH C O,ll.lIoro HanOJIbHOI'O KOHii:epa Ha APyroif, YCTaHOBJIeHHblif no}!. yrJIOM 90° K nepBOMY B\ I!JIaHe, nOKa3aHa IIa pHC 5 32, 6. rpY3 3, TpaHcrropTHpyeMbIlll nJIa- CTftHQaTbIM KOIIBei'IepoM 2, C I10MOllI.blO rHAPOTOJIKaTeJIR 4 nepeTaJIKHBaeTcH lIa IIJIaCTIfHQaTblH KOHBeilep 1 CxeMa 3a- 176 
rpY3KH " pa3rpY3K" TeJIe)l(eK rOpH30IlTaJIbHO-3aMKHyroro Ha nOllbUorO KOHBefiepa 0 nOMOllI.blO fHJ.l.pOTOJIKaTeJIeii H30- Opa>KeHa Ha pHC. 5.32, 8. rpY3bI 2, rpaHCnOpTHpyeMble reJIe>K- RaM" 4 KOHBeiiepa, 0 nOMOllI.blO rHlJ.pOTOJIKaTeJISI 3 neperpy- >KaI01CH Ha paoo'lHe CTOJIbI 1 C pOJIHKOBbIM nOJIOTHOM, a np" nOMOllI.lf rUJ.l.pOTOJII(aTeJIH 5 - co CTOJIa Ha nJIaT!pOpMY Te- JIC>KKH. Ha puc. 532, 2 CXeMaTlI'mO nOKa3aHa neperpY3Ka rpY30B C rpY30HeCYllI.ero nOJ.l.BeCOro KOHBeMepa Ha JIeHTOII- Hb[ii KOHBeiiep. rpY3bI 2, TpaHcnopTHpyeMble nOJ.l.BeCKaMH 4 nOlJ.IBeCHOrO KOHBeiiepa .1, neperpYiKalOTcH Ha JIeHTOIIHhlM K;OH- BeHep 1 c nOMOllI.blO TOJIKaTeJIH 5. .. B 3a:BUCHMOCTH aT THna rpY3a Ii oc06eHHocTeii neperpy- 30QHOro npouecca Ha ropH30HTaJIbHbIX nepeTaJIKliBaTeJ1ftX YCT311a8JlUBalOT TOJIK31OIlI.He ynopbl pa3JIHIIHOM KOHqmrypa- UH" fI.fIH 3aXBaTHble YCTpOMCTBa TOJIKalOllI.He ynopbl TOJII;.KO nepeJl,.ft1OT YCHJIHe rpY3Y OP" npHMOM HJIfI oopaTHOM XOJ.l.e nepeT3JIKHBaTeJIH 3aXBaTbi BbInOJIH5I1OT 60JIee CJIO>KHble <PYHK- II.U" no coxpaHeHHIo onpeJ.l.eJIeHHOrO nOJIO>KeHH5I rpY3a B npouecce neperpY3KII, oOE'cneqelllllo 3(j,{I3dra rpY3a npH npH- MOM H 06paTIIOM XO)\.1X 1!('perd'II{HBdrCJIH, H31\1eHeHHIO nOJIO- >KeHIIR rpY3.1 B rteplloL\ IIcperpY3KH. TormalOllI.HM ynop npHMoyrOJIbHOH <POpMbl, HCnOJIb3yeMblii np" nepeTaJIKHBaHHH IIpHMoyrOJIbHbIX TapHO-liTYIIHbIX rpy- 30B, HaXOJ.l.SlIIJ.HXCH Ha HenOJ.l.BH>KHbIX HeCYIlI.HX nJIOCKOCTHX, H306p!UKeH Ha pHO. 5.33, a. TOJIKalOllI.Hlr ynop B BHJ.l.e pOJIflKa nOKa3/nJ Ha pHC. 5.33, 6 TOJIKalOllI.HH ynop C KOHCOJlbHblM pacnOJIOJKeHHeM OTHOCHTeJIbHO liTOKa CHJIOBOrO IUIJIHH,Ilpa oJ  tl -  .0 'q r f)F "arm u) .1\71 _ r;.Jf--J PRC. 5.33. YUOplol H 3aXBaTLI ropU30HT8JIbHLlX TOJIK8Te,tcii 177 
npe,ll.CTaBJIeH Ha pHC. 5.33, 8. 2 rpY3 I nepeTaJIKliBaeTcSI K08- COJIbHblM ynopoM 2 no Hanpa- J BJISllOlI1.RM 3. npH nepeTaJIKHBaHHH rpy- 30B Ha ,lI.BH>KYlI1.YIOCSI nJIOCKOCTb 4. B03MO>l<HO pa3BOpal.lHBaHHe rpy- 3a B 3THX cJIYl.laSlx npHMe- , 6 5 HSllOT H TOJIKaTeJl 5 H 33 3aXBanIOro THna. a pHC. , 2 nOKa3aH TOJIKaTeJIb ,lI.JISI rpy30B C BbleM- KaMH "JIH OTBepCTHSlMH. Ha- JIHI.IHe IHTblpeH H8 3aXBaTe no- 3BOJISleT CTporo <pHKCHpOBaTb nOJIO>KeHHe rpY3a. AHaJIOrHI.I- HYlO pOJlb BblnOJlH5IlOT n-06pas- :hH';M3:JlII=Y:::30:?=: HblH TOJIKaTeJIb-3aXBaT ,lI.JISI npSl- nOJlhtlOrO H'::::-:::::II:: HanoJl..- MoyroJlbHblX (pHC. 5 33, a) H Tpanel.lHeBH,lI.HblX rpY30B, TOJI- K8TeJIb-3aXBaT - ,lI.JISI rpY30B Kpyr JIOH H nOJIYKpyr JIOH <pOpM (pHC 5 33, e). npHMeHeHHe 9JIeKTpOMarHHTHOrO TOJlKaTeJl5!-3aXBaTa (pHC. 533, 3/C) no- SBO.1151eT BbIllOJIHSlTb neperpY3KY npn npSlMoM H 06paTHoM XO,ll.8X lllTOK8 ClfJIOBOrO llHJIHH,lI.pa. DpH 3TOM 3JIeKTpOMarHHT MO>KeT BKJIlOl.laTbCSI TOJlbKO npH 06paTHoM XO,ll.e lllTOKa. Ha pHC 5 33, 8 nOKa38HO HCnOJIb30BaHHe TOJIK8TeJISI-nO,ll.XB8Ta ,lI.JISI lIeperpYKH TapHblX rpY30B G O,ll.HOH nJlOCKOCTH H8 ,lI.PY- rylO, pacnOJlO>KeHHYlO Ha onpeJJ:eJleliHOM paCCT05lHHH OT nepBoii Tapa 3 HMeeT 60KOBble KpolllllTeHIIbI 4, C 1I0MOlI1.blO KOTOpblX rpY3 nO,ll.XBaTblBaeTC5I TO.11 KaTeJleM 5 B MOMeBT ero nepexo,ll.a C nJIOCKOCTH 6 Ha nJIOCKOCTb I, HMelOlI1.YlO CKOC 2, 06JIerl.laIOlI1.HH 3aTaJlKHBaHHe Ba Bee rpY3a Ha CKJIa,ll.ax BepTHKaJlbBbIe TOJIKaTeJIH npHMeHSllOTc.H ,lI.JI5! peaJlH3allHH pa3J1HI.IBbIX CAeM neperpY3KH: C HanOJIbHOrO KOHBeHepa Ha HanOJlbHblH KOBBeHep, C HanOJlbHOrO KOHBeHe- pa Ha 1I0,ll.BeCHOH, C 1I0Jl.BeCHOro KOHBelIepa lIa nO,ll.BeCIJOH, C KOHBei'!epa Ha TpaHCIIopTHoe cpe)\CIHO C<1\lOXO)J.Horo THnB (aBTOMallIHHY, 3J1eKTpOTeJle}KKY, mraoeJlep H T Jl) DpHMep neperpY3KH llITyl.lHblX rpY30B C O,ll.HOrO HanOJIb- Horo KOHBeHepa Ha ,lI.pyroH, paCIIOJlO>KeHHbIH no,ll. yr JIOM K nepBOMY, npe,ll.CTaBJIeH Ha pHC 5 34 fpY3bI 1, TpaHcnopTH- pyeMble npHBO,ll.HbIM pOJlHKOBblM KOHBeHepoM 9, neperpy- >KalOTC5! Ha npHBO,ll.HOH pOJIHKOBblH KOHBeHep 2, pOJIHKOBoe nOJIOTHO KOToporo HaXO,ll.HTCSI HH>Ke pOJIHKOB KOHBelIepa 9. 178 
BepTHKaJIbHblA TOJIKaTeJIb CO.n.ep1KHT nHeBMOU;IfJIHH.n.p 8 co lIITOKOM 5. Ha KOHue IlJTOKa SaKpenJIeHbI paMa 3, CTOJI 0 po- JIHKaMH 4. B BepxHeM nOJI01KeHHH llITOKa pOJIMKH CTOJIa Ha- XO.ll.flTCSI Ha O.n.HOM ypoBHe C pOJ1MKaMM KOIlBeHepa 9 B HH1K- HeM nOJI01KeHHM lIITOKa pOJIMKH 4 CTOJla 3 pacnoJlararoTcSI HH1Ke pOJIHKOB 7 KOHBeHepa 2. IlpH no.n.xo.n.e rpy3a K KOHel.lHoMY Yl.lacTKY KOHBeHepa 9 CTOJI no.n.HHMaeTCfl B BepxHee nOJI01Ke- HHe H rpys no.n. .n.eHcTBMeM CHJI HHepUHH nepeMelll.aeTCSI C KOH- BeHepa Ha CTOJI rIpH 9TOM ynop 6 npenSlTcTByeT CXo.n.y rpysa co CTOJIa. 3aTeM crOJI onycKaeTcSI B HH)KHee nOJIO)KeHHe, H rpY3 OKa3b1BaeTCSI JIe)Kalll.HM Ha pOJIHKaX 7, CBSl3aHHblX C npH- BO.n.OM KOHBeHepa 8 B pe3YJIbTaTe rpY3 nepeMeill.aeTCSI HS SOHbI CTOJla, H BepTHKaJIbHbIH TOJIKaTeJlb raraB K BbInOJlHeHHIO Ol.lepe.n.Horo UHKJIa neperpY3KH POJlHKOBble nepexo.n.bI .n.JlfI neperpysKM lIITYI.IHbIX rpyaoB C O}J.Horo KOHBeHepa Ha .n.pyroH H3rOTaBJlHBaeT KaYHaccKHH saBO.n. «rIPOMCBSl3b». BepnlKaJIbHble TOJIKaTeJIH, HCnOJIb3ye- Mble Ha CKJIa.n.ax KaK neperpY30GHbIe YCTpoHcTBa, HMelOT cYill.eCTBeHHble KOHCTPYh I Jl1311blC (1JJJIIl l IIIH Ha BbI60p KOH- CTpYKTHBlloro pelllelllI5I OK33bll3<1101 BJIH5JHHe B OCHOBHOM CJIe- .nYlOllI.ue <paK10pbl Macca rpY3a Hero reOMeTpHl.leCKHe napa- MeTpbI, CKOpOCTb no.n.'beMa H onYCKaHHH, HanpaBJleHHe nepe- Melll.eHHfI (BepTHKaJIbHoe MJlH HaKJlOHHoe), y.n.afHIble HarpY3KM H BH6paUHll, I.IHCJlO nOSHUHH neperpY3KH CYill.eOTBeHHoe BJIHSlHHe Ha KOHCTPYKUHIO BepTHKaJIbHOrO TOJIKaTeJIH OKaSbIBaeT TMn npHBo.n.a. B Kal.leCTBe npHBo.n.a BepTHKaJIbHbIX TOJIKaTeJleH HCnOJIb3YroTCSI fH.n.pO- H l1HeBMo- nHJIHH.n.pbl, a TaK1Ke 9JIeKTpo.n.BHraTeJlH nepeMeHHoro TOKa. 3JIeKTpOnpHBO.n., KaK npaBHJlO, npHMeHSleTCSI Tor.n.a, Kor.n.a He06xo.n.HMa MHoron03HUllOHHaH TOI.IHaSl OCTaHOBKa pa6ol.lero opraHa TOJIKaleJIH B CHCTCMax BIlYI pII3dI30;1,l'KOrO TpallCllopTa ll1\1pOKO npH- MeHHIon 51 lJCplJlKdJlbllhle TOJI!\31eJlH nlIJa UO.ll.'beMHOrO CTOJIa, y KOTOpblX rpY30Bafl nJlaTtPopMa (CTOJI) lJenocpe.n.CTBeHHO CBfl3aHa co IlJTOKOM CHJlOBOrO UHJIlIH.n.pa (TOJlKaTeJlH npflMoro lleikTBHfI). BepTHKaJIbHbIe TOJIKaTeJIH npflMoro .n.eHCTBIHI o nHeBMonpMBo.n.OM 06b]I.IHO HMelOT rpysono.n.'beMHOCTb .n.o 2 T H BbICOTY no.n.'beMa .n.o 2 M Ilo.n.'beMHbIl1 CTOJI (pHC. 5 35, a) HMeer rpysoBYIO nJIaT<pop- MY 1, llepeMeUlae1\l.YIO IlJTOKOM 2 nHeBMoUHJlHH.n.pa 3. rIO.n.'beM- HblH CTOJI MOlKeT HMeTb BepTHKaJIbHbIe HanpaBJISlIOill.He (pHO. 5 35, 6). all co.n.eP)KHT rpY30BYlO nJIarq,opMY 3 c po- JIHKaMM 2, 1l8peMelll.8eMYlO lIITOKOM 1 nHeBMOUMJIMH.n.pa 5. 11..JISJ BblpaBHHB8HHSI HarpysKH H8 lIITOK CMJIOBOrO UHJIMH.n.pa 179 
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.ne,KHbI II y.n06HbI B 3KCnJIyaTall.HH npH PYIlHOM ynpaBJIeHHO. Opl1 anTOMantlleCKOM ynpaBJIeHHH KOHCTPYKlI.HH HX YCJIOH<- Hfle'l CR B M'OM CJIYllae aOJIee 3qxpeKTHBHbI 3JIeKTpOManUfT- HIM' H BaKYYMHbIe 3aXBaTbI. UpOIJ:HOCTHOH paClleT 3JIeMeHTOB rpY303aXBaTHbIX YCTPOl1cTB CBO.nHTCH K onpe.neJIeHHIO HOpMaJIbHbIX HanpHH<e- HII" OT paCTH)KeHHH HJIH H3rHOa HJIH COBMeCTHOrO HX .neHCT- BIH\. OpO 3TOM YIlHTblBalOT .nBa CJIYllaH HarpY)KeHHH: npH .neHCTBHH MaKCHMaJlbHblX (C YlleTOM K03<pqmUHeHTa .nHHaMHIl- HOCT") H 3KBHBaJIeHTHbIX HarpY30K paaollero COCTOHHHH. 3aKBaTbI paOOTalOT no nYJIbCHpYIOUJ,eMY lI.HKJIY MaJIOK llaCTOTbI TOJ1bKO npH BeCOBOM HarpY)KeHHH, n03TOMY paCCIlH- 'fblB3Tb HX 3JIeMeHTbI peKOMeH.nyeTcH no .nonYCKaeMbiM Ha- npHtKeHiHIM [7). 3anao npmIHocTH npH 3TOM ka = [0'] apac' (5.6) r.ne [0') - .nonYCKaeMbIe Hanp.H)KeHHH .nJIH npHMeHHeMoro MaTepHaJIa, aaBHCHUJ,He OT npe.neJIa TeKyqeCTH aT' npeJ1eJIa BblHOCJIHBOCTH "PH CHMMeTpH1JIIOM (Jc 11 IIYJlbCHpYK)UJ,eM an lI.HKJl3X lIarpY)!{PIIHlI IIplll\lCIIHCMOIO Ma1Cpl'IaJ1a, (Jpacq- paC1JCT""le IIdlipH/!<elllfll n 3JleMCIITax 3aXBaTOB l(O.:J(I)(\IIHlIICIi I 3anaca IIp01JHOCTl1,. MOMHO onpe.neJIHTb no cpopMYJle k3 = k 1 k 2 k o JI.' (5.7) r)l,e k 1 - K03crqnHmeHT, xapaKTepH3YIOUJ,HH TpeoyeMYIO Ha- ,neH<IIOCTb H np01JHOCTb aaXBaTOB, k 1 = 1,2 .nJIH rpeHcpepOB; k 1 = 1,3 J1JIH OCTaJlbllbIX saXBaTOB; k 2 - K09<txI:mlmeHT Ha- rpY3KH, SaBHCHllI.HH OT peMHMa paoOTbI, k 2  .1,3; koJI. - Ko- 9<MmuHeHT O)l.HOpO)l,HOCTH MaTepHaJJa, kOJ = 1,3 )l,JlH OT- nItBOK; koJI. = I, I )l,JJH nOKOBOK II npoKaT:! PHC. 5.Jb. K4aCCIU!'HKaI\HII rpY303U:BaTHLlJ[ YCTpoAcTB 181 
TAlCS..1 H 11. AI 5.31. TeXJIH'IetKaSI xapaKTeplKTHKa BJlJIO'IHLlX saXBnOB ..,.. npoHsBO,ACTBeHHoii TapW (CM. pHC. 5 37) Macca rpY3R. T Pa3Mepbl, MM I b I 0,10 0,10, 0,25, 0,50 0,25; 0,50; 1,00 0,25; 0,50; 1,00 2,00 3,20 2,00; 3,20 0,25, 0,50, 1,00 2,00 280 250 400 400 560 450 800 630 800 630 800 630 800 1000 1000 630 1000 630 360; 450 360, 450, 560; 710 360; 450; 560; 710; 900; 1120 560; 710; 900; 1120 710; 900; 1120 1120 710, 900; 1120 710 900; 1120 DpH paCqeTe no nepBOMY CJlyqaIO HarpY1KeHlH! [0]:::11 = aT' no BTOPOMY [a) = an. r.n.e O:Q - ,lI,JlHTeJlbHbIH ope- ,lJ.eJl BblHOCJlHBOCTH (! yqeTOM aCHMMeTpHH lI.HKJla. an = 20 c /[(1 - p) kl( + (I + p) ]. (5.8) npH OrpaHHqeHHOM qHCJle lI.HKJlOB HarpyeHHH [a] = an Y A(i/A , (5.9) npH nYJlbCHpYIOllI.eM OrpaHHqeHHOM qHCJle lI.HKJlOB Harpy*e- HHH 2<1 n .. /"'A6 [a] = kl(+ V k;' (5.10) B cpopMYJIaX (58) - (5.10) P = Omln/Omax; kl( - Kooqr cpHlI.HeHf KOHlI.eHTpaUHH HanpH*eHHH, kl( = 2 ,lJ.JIH nonepeq- HbIX OTBepcTHH, MeCT noCa,ll,KH )l.eTaJIeH Ha BaJI, IlInOHO"lllbIX H IlIJlHueBbiX KaHaBOK, kl( = 2,5,lJ.JIH cBapHblx 9JIeMeHTOB; - K09qxfmu.HeHT qYBcTBHTeJlbHOCTH MaTepHaJla,  = 0,2 )l.JlH yrJfepO)l.HCTbIX cTaJlefl;  = 0,3 ,lJ.JlH JlerHpOBaHHblX; AI) = = 107; A - qHCJIO UHKJIOB 3a paCqeTHblH CpOK CJIym6bIj m - nOKa38TeJlb CTenelIH KpHBOH BbIHOCJlHBOCTH, m = 8+9 ,lI,JlH MeXaHHqeCKHX )l.eTaJleH, m = 3 )l.JlH MCTaJlJlOKOHCTPYK- lI.UM H KopnycoB 3aXBa1 OB, m = 4+6 )l.JlH )l.eTaJleH, paCCqH- 'fbIBaeMbIX Ha KOHTaKTHYIO npOqHOCTb MeTO,lJ.HKa onpe)l.eJle- HHH 9KBHBaJleHTHOH HarpY3KH npH paCqeTe 9J1eMeHTOB rpY30- saXBaTHbiX YCTPOHCTB Ha BbIHOCJIHBOCTb H3JIOmeHa B pa6OTe[1]. B Ta6Jl. 5.31 H 5.32 )l.aHbI TeXHHqeCKHe xapaKTepHCTHKH CTaH,lJ.apTHbIX no.n.n.ep*HBaIOllI.HX S3XBaTOB (pHC. 5 31) ,lJ.JlH npoH3Bo.n.CTBeHHOH Tapbl (fOCT 15539-81 *). 182 
Ha CKJIa]:{aX HalliJIH npHMeHeHHe CJIe]:{y- IOw.He THnbl Sa>KHM- lIblX 3aXBaTOB: onop- HO-3a>KHMHbIe (KJJew.e- Bble), <PPHKLl.HOHHO-3a- mHMHbie H 9KCLl.eHTpH- KOBble OUOpHO-3a- mHMHbie SaXBaTbi KOHCTPYKTHBHO BbI- nOJIHHIOTCH B BH]:{e KJIellI.eBbIX pbltJamHblX CHCTeM, pbltJam KOTO- pbIX OXBaTbIBalOT rpY3 HJIH ero SJIeMeHTbl (pHC. 5 38). .lJ.JIH ,ll.JIHH- HOMepHbIx rpY30B He- CKOJIbKO KJIew.eBbiX saXBaTOB MOHTHPYIOT Ha OJI:HOH TpdBepce. Bo cjJpIlKUIIOHHO- Sa>KHMHbIX 3aXBaTax rpY3 YJI:epmHBaeTcH CHJIaMH TpeHHH npH ero C>KaTHH. YCHJIHe H3 Sa>KHM C03]:{3eTCH DecOM rpyaa H 3aXBa. era H nepeJI:aeTCH qepes pbltJa>KHYIO cHcTeMY Ha 33>KHMHbIH opraH. 113- BeCTllbi TaK>Ke 3aXBa- '{'hi, y KOTOpLIX ) CII- lIMe 33)KlIM3 C(3)laCT- CH 9JIeKTpOMeX3I1H4e- CKHM HJIH rl1JI:paBJIH- qeCKHM npHBO,ll.OM. B C3M03a>KHMIJbIX sa- XBaTax rpY3 33X{IIMa- eTCfJ KaK CTHrHBaHHeM XBOl TOBblX IIJIeq PbI- qarOB (pHC 5 39), 'I aK H pacIlopoM IIX fIpn neperpY3Ke TapHO- urrytJHblX rpY30B, HMe- T a 6 JI H L\ a 5.32. TeXHH'IeCK811 x8p8KTe- pRCTRK8 38XB8TOB C nOBOpOTHbiPilH Jl8n8MH JIM! nVOR80JlCTBeHHoA T3!'bI (CM pRC 3:37) Macca rpyaa, T Pa3Mepw, MY: 0,1 250 340 0,1, 0,25, 0,5 400 450 0,25; 0,5; 1,0 450 670 0,25, 0,5; J ,0; 2,0; 630 850, 1060 3,2 2,0; 3,2 1000 850 0,25, 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 1000 1060 3,2 5.0 1600 850, 1060 Poc. 5 37. CTiUlAIlPTBWe a8.DaTW AU np0H380A' I:TBeoooA Tapw: II - 80.110'101011; ti _ c nOBopOT_ HW.. .dRaMY 183 
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Horo lIa3HaQeHHSI fpeH<t>epbI BbInOJIH5IIOTCSJ JI:BYXQeJIIOCTHbIMH H MIIOrO'lt?JlIOCTHbIMH ('1HCJlO '1eJllOCTeH CTaH,ll3pTHLIX rpeH<Pe- pOB COCldl3JlHeT 2, 3, 4, 6, 8), 0;UIOK3HaTHbIMH Ii JI:BYXK3HaT- IIbIM II , I1enpHBO,llHbIMH Ii npHBO,llHbIMH (MOTOpHbIMH) llByx'IeJllocTHbIe rpeH<t>epbi npH1\1eHSJIOTcSJ JI:JISJ Bcex BH.ZJ:OB CLIIIYLJHX rpY30B llJISJ XOpOUlO cbInY'IHX rpY30B qeJIIOCTH rpeH(I)epOB BbHIOJlIHllOTCSJ C nOJIYKpyr JIbIM JI:HH, IlI.eM nJIOCKHM B nOnepe'lHOM CeqeHHH (pHC 5.40) fpefi<t>ep COCTOHT H3 JI:BYX '1eJIIOCTel'% I, HMelOllI.HX 06llI.HH wapHHp Ha Hmf<Hefi Tpa- Bepce 2 H nO.ZJ:BeweHHbIX C nOMOllI.blO T5Ir 3 K BepxHefi TpaBep- ce 4 I10JI:BeWHBaeTc5I rpeH<t>ep Ha JI:BYX KaHaTax: nO.ZJ:'beMHOM 5 H 33MbIKalOIlleM 6. llJlSJ C03JI:aHHSI 60JIbWHX YCHJIHH npH 3aMbI- K3HHH qeJIIOCTeH B rpeH<t>ep MO)Ker BCTpaHBaTbC5I nOJlHCnaCT, H TOr,lla BepxHSJSJ H HH)KHSlSJ TpaBepcbI HMeIOT 6JIOKH 7, OXBa- TbIB3eMble 33MbIKaJOlII.HM KaH3TOM MHOrO'leJIIOCfHble rpei'J<t>epbI npHMeHSIIOT JI:JI5I TpYJI:H03a- XBaTbIBaeMblX M3TepliaJlOB, KOrJI:a HeJIb351 HCnOJIb30BaTb JI:BYX- '1eJlIOCTHble OHU c.nY)K3T JI:MI nep<:,rpY3KH MeraJIJIHlleCKoro cKpen3, CTPY>KKH, KpynIlhlx Ka.IIt'i1 II r Jl JVIfl CJ1('!ltHjJ!1llilbl\ IIJlbIlilill'\ rpY.30B nplIMeHSlIOTCH rpeA- <t>epbl (nCLUld f1bllOl 0 IldJlJa4eUHH llJlSl neperpY3KH ,llJlHHHa- MepHblX M3IepH3JIOB qeJIIOCTH rpefi<t>ep3 BbHIOJIH5IIOTCSJ B BH,lle JlOIJaCTeH HJlH Jlan C OTKpblTblMH TOPU3MH, JI:JI5I BOJlOKHH- CTbIx - BHJlb'laTbie llJISJ nOJI:60pa MaTepn3J1a, JI(')!{3lII.erO TOHKHM CJIoeM, cJlY>KaT rpeH<t>epbI C nOJI:rpe6aIOIlI.HMH 'IeJIIa- CTSJMH. I1pH 3arpY3Ke neperpy- ,j 30'lHOH eMKOCTH norpY3o'l- HbIMH M3WHHaMH HJlH H3 6YHKepoB HCnOJIb3YIOT KOB- nm C 3BTOM3TH'IeCKOH pa3- rpy.3 j<OII-OII pOKI1JlbI Bel IIIH'M HJlI1 pdCI\pblBellIllUI WIIIllI.i'I 9J1eK1 pOM3rlll11 Hble H MarHHTHble 32XBaTbI npH- MeHSlIOT JI:JISI neperpY3KH <PePPOM3rHHTHbIX HJIH He- 1 <t>eppoM3rHHTHbIx rpY30B B Me r aJl Jl H qecKofi T 3 pe. B03- MO)KHO IIpIlMeHeIIHe 9JIeK- TpOM3rHIHllhiX H M3rHHTHbIX 3aXBaTOB JI:J1H neperpY3KH <PeppoMarIIHTHbIX rpY30B PHC, 5.40. .ll.BYXqeJlIOCTHoA ABYXllaHar. B HeMeTaJIJIH'leCKoI"I Tape HI>liI rpeilc)Jep 185 
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HbIX rpY30B H3 KpbITbIX BarOHOB H aBTOM06H.'Iell H 06eeneIJH- J3aI?1' oOJIee BbICOKYIO npOH3BO).l.HTeJIbHOC1'b no CpaBHeJnlIO c SJIeK1'ponorpY311HKaMH, H306pa)KeHHbIMH pHC 6 5, a, ll0Ka- aaHbI Ha pHC 6 6-6 9. llepe).l.BH)I{HOll 1'eJIeCKOnHlIecKHH KOHBeHep nTR -50 (pHC. 66) npe).l.Ha3HalleH ).I.JIH norpY3KH H pa3rpY3KH ItJ'TYIJ- HbIX rpY30B (HHKOB, MellI KOB, Kop060K) H3 aB1'OMHJIeH Ii Kp1'bIX BarOHOB TeXHlilleCKaH xapaKTepHC1'HKa ,Horo KOHBeHepa CJIe).l.YIOaH: DpOH3Bo,ll.H1eJIbHOCTb, T/" .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . lllHpHHa JIeHTbl KOHBei1epa, MM ............. CKOpOCTb ABH)KeHHH JIeHTbI, M/C .. . . . " .. MaKCHMaJIbHaH Macca OAHoro 1paHcnopTHpyeMoro rpY3a, Kr. . Mal,{CHMaJIbHbli1 yroJI HDKJIOHa KOHBei1epa, 0 ..., ... YCTaHOBJIeHHaH MOW.HOCTb, KBT lllHpHHa KOIIBei1epa, MM Macca, Kr . . . . . . . . . 50 500 0,5 50 20 1,7 1090 823 EhoT KOHBeiiep li3r01'OBHe1' KlieBCKHH onbI1'HbIH 3aBO).l. ToprOBoro MaIlIliHocTpoeHliH. )J.JIH norpY3KIi H pa3rpy3KIi 1'apHO-lllTYIlHbIX rpY30B li3 aB1'OM06liJJbHOrO Ii )l{eJIe3HO).l.OpO)l{HOrO 1'paHcnopTa MO)l{eT 6bI1'b TaK)I{e liCnOJIb30BaH IlI1'a6eJ1eYKJIa,ll.IJHK lllMIJJUl, (pHC. 6.7), K01'OpbIif HMee1' CJIe,ll.YIOYIO TexHlillecKYIO )tapaK- TepHc1'liKY: npOH3BO,ll.HTeJIbHOCTb, MelliKOB/q YrOJI nOBopOTa B ropH30HTaJIbHOil nJIOCKOCT, Q CKOPOCTb nepe,ll.BH)KeIlH, M/C . I » JIeHTbl ceKlI,IIH KOHBeHepa, M/C. HH)KHei1 cp e)J.llei1 . . . Bepxllei1 . lllHpHHa oow.aH, MM Macca, Kr 600-1000 ::tOO 0,183 0,39 0,54 0,42 2000 5800 3rr01' IlITaOeJIeYKJIa,ll.IJHK H3r01'OBJIHe1' KaJIHHOBCHHH Ma- IlIHHOc1'pOH1'eJIbHblH 3aBO).l.. BbI).I.BHIKHOH l(enHOH KOHBeHep KOHC1'PYKILHH rnH Poc- nHenpOMaBTOlcITHKa coc I 01 IT 113 pOJIHI<0130H npHeMHOH qa- CTH 1 (pHC 6 8, a), C1'al(IIOHapHoro uelllIOro 2 H BbI).I.BIi)l{HOrO uenHoro 3 KOHBeHepoB H npHBo,ll.a 4 Macca 1'paHCnOpTJiPye- Moro rpY3a 25 Kr, CKOpOC1'b ,lI.BHlKeHHH 1'HrOBblX ueneii KOll- BOOepOB: C1'aUHOllapHoro - 0,4 M/C, BbJ).l.BIi>KHOrO - 0,23 M/C, MOHOC1'b 3JIeK1'pOnpHBO,ll.a 1,1 KB1', MaKCHMaJIbHaSi npeli3BO,ll.H1'eJlbHOC1'b 700-1000 rpY30B (HHKOB, Kop06oK) B lIac, Macca 374 Kr. ,200 
< K:oHBeHep )l.JUI nOrpY3Klf If pa3rpY3Klf aBTOM06W1eH (plfC 6 8, 6) pa3pa6OTaH JIeHlfHrpa)l.CKHM CKE MflCOMOJlOII- Hoii npOMbIIlIJleHHOCTlf If COCTOHT lf3 KOHII.eBbiX pOJlbHlHrOB 1, 3, JleHTOqHOrO TeJlecKonlflleCKoro KOHBeiiepa 2, -XH iJa'C'flf 4 OH lfMeeT cJle.n.ylOru.ylO TexHlfllecKYIO xapaKTepHCTHKY. f.lpoH3BO)l.HTeJIbI!OCTb, !IUJ.HKOB/'I )1.0 2000 CKOpOTb, M/c )l.BH)I{eHH!I JIeHTbI . . . . . 0,5 BbI)l.BH)I{eHJ.I!I p3MbI. 0,3 M3KCHM3JIbHbIii XO)l. BbI)l.BH)I{eHHSI paMbI, MM 1200 » yroJI HaKJIOHa, 0 20 MOUJ.HOCTb 9JIeKTpOnpHBO)l.OB, KBT 0,9 Macca, Kr 400 BarOHonorpY3qlfK BO-2 KOHCTPYKII.Hlf YKpmnpOCaxap (plfC 6 8, 8) lf3rOTOBJIfleTCfl Ha KpaclfJloBCKOM peMOHTHO-Me- XaHlfQeCKOM 3aBO.n.e OH M02KeT t5bITb nplfMeHeH )l.JUt nOrpY3Klf If pa3rpY3Klf TapHO-IlITYIIHbIX rpY30B lf3 BarOHOB If aBTOMOOlf- Jleii. OH COCTOlfT lf3 nplfeMHOrO JlOTKa 1, JIeHTOQHOrO KOHBeiie- pa 2, KOHBeHepHoii CTpeJIbI 3 C MexaHlf3MOM BbI.n.Blf2KeHlfH, MexaHlf3Ma H3MeHeHIHI yr JIa HaKJIOila CTpeJIbI 4 H XO.n.OBOH QaCTH 5 TexHHllecKaH xapaKTepHcTHKa BaroHonorpY311lfKa cJie.n.YIOru.afl npOH3BO)l.HTeJIbHOCTb, lIlT 1'1 MaCC3 O)l.HOrO rpY3a, Kr IlIHpHH3 JIeHTbI KOHBeiiepa, MM CKopdcTb )l.BH)I{eHHSI JIeHTbI, M/c MaKCHM3JIbHbIii yrOJI H3KJIOl!a CTpeJIbI, 0 MOUJ.HOCTb 9JIeKTpOnpHBO)l.3, KBT MaCC3, Kr . BpHra)l.3 06CJIY)l{HBaIOUJ.HX pa60'lHX, '1eJI 600 )1.0 100 650 0,5 23 1,7 1360 4 Ha Het50JIbIlIHX CKJIa.n.aX, B II.eXaX npe.n.npHflTHH If T. )I. , npH MaJIblX rpY30nOTOKaX Jl,JIH nOrpY1KH H BbIrpY3KH TpaHC- nOpfllLIX CrCJCIII MOlyr GhllL IIpHMl'/ICrrhl 3JICI<TpH ' leCKHe If pYQIILIC ICJle)K/{it (pllC 69, 6 10 II TaGJI b I, 6 2) napaMeTpbI 3JleKTpHQeCKHX leJIe)l{eK perJIaMeHTlfpOBaHbI faCT 12847-67*, a pYQHblX - faCT 13188-67* Oplf BblIIOJIHeHlfl:! norpY30QHO-pa3rpY30llHbIX pat50T If ne- pe)l.alle IlITYQHbIX rpY30B Ha HeOOJIbllIlfe paccToflHlffl nplf He- OOJIbllIHX rpY30noToKax nplfMeHfllOTcfl TaK2Ke CnJIOIlIHbIe If pOHKoBble HaKJIOHHble nOBepxHocTlf (JIOTKH, CKJIH3b1, POJIH- KOBbIe Jl,OpmKKH). Heo6xo.n.HMbll1 yroJI HaKJIOHa TaKoro CKJIH3a ex (nplf OT- CYTCTBHH lIa HeM POJIHKOB) onpe.n.eJIHeTCH no ljJopMYJIe SIn ex - f cos ex = v 2 /(2gLr), 201 
,)  i)   i he. 6.18 PY'lUllle TeJle*KH AJIR nOIPJ30'111O-purpp9'tN..x ,.4Ie?: II - TRitt.. f Ule...e...KU ); ./1 - Tlon" 15. . - Tllna TO-5;  - TNna TO-4 T a 6 J1 II U a 6 I TeXHH'IeCKaSl xapaKTepHCTRKa TeJJeJKeK C P}"IRbiM nepe- JJ:RIIJKClllleM H rHJqJ30JlH'IeCKHM MexaHII3MOM no.o:"bela I h. ..... "" ..,,-, napalleTp 6 9. a \6 9. 0 16 9. 81 6 9 "I 6 9 a I 6 9 , I pY30no.lJ:beMHocTb, Kr 250 11000 1000 I 500 I 500 SuO 111n rpY303aXBaTa DJIaT<t>opMa 8Mb! KPIOK HapY>KHbIH paAIIYC nOBO- 1380 1540 1380 1100 1200 !lOO pOTa, MM U1l1pllna rpY3a, MM GOO 'JOO 800 uOO 600 800 Mace a , Kr 62 11.3 70 67 170 170 lJ,ella, py6 35 60 69 HOMCp 'IPpTe>Ka 76 404 73 460 73461 n p H Me" 8 H R e. TeJleJKK>I rpY300oA'beMHOCTbIO 250 H 1000 KF H,rOT JBJI!Je"I npoll3Boi\CTBenHo TeXHHQeCKoe npCi\npH>lTHe ,"'IocnpoMMeX8HH38l\1IH». rpY30nO.I\D- eMHOCTblO 500 Kr - tlpeD,lTpeSITHH Mlt83J1eKTpOTeXllpOMd CCCP no QCpTelKSII BfITH3J1CKTPO (JIeHIf8rpai\J 202 
T a 6 II H U. a 6.2. TexHH!JeaU uplUtRpIlC.,HU PY"IHYX TeJleJIKex MIl MeJUUU4S&11,HH SO'HICJoopaSl"9y.3O'Nf101X paGo1' (01. piU:. 6_10) MapKa ft:Jle»lKIt Oap.aMeTp THfIJ-2 J TJlD J 5 rO-4 TO-5 fpY30noJ.t'beM, HOCTb Kr 200 I 300 100 150 Macca, -Kr 28 92 063 33 n p 11 M e q a 1\ 1\ e. TeJleJKIIH THne THO 1-2 H3COTQBJU'eT Cepoyx08Klln Me:UHH' ''''CHHII 5880.0. I\M t O-JleTBB OKTH6pH, THoa 15 - 3uoA TeKCTHJlbHQro MaWHHQo eTpOeHIIH IIMell\! K JlHOKllexTa (r Ba'HHKH), THnOB TO-4 H TO.5 - MawHHOo ffPOIITt'Jlbllllllll 8880.0. (r BII.)II".. r)l.e f - K03<pqmu,HeHT TpeHHH rpY3a 0 )l.HHw,e CKJUI3a, f = == 0,3+0,6 B 3aBHCNMOCTH OT M3TepHaJI3 rpY33 H COCTORHlUI nOBepXHOCTH )l.HHUI,a Cl{JlH3a, V - CKOpOCTb rpY3a B KOHI).e ABH>KeHHR no HaKJlOHHOMY cnYCKY, M/c, v = 2 M/C .ll.JUl JlUJ,H- KOB, Kop06oK; v == 2 u/e )l.JISI MeillKOB; Lr - )l.JIHH3 rop"- 8OHHlJIbHOH npoeKu,IIH HaKJIOlllIOrO cnyc Ka, u. 1J.JIH HaKJIOHHblX pOJIHKOBhlX )l.opOJKeK yrOJI BaRJIORa Mo- )KeT 6bIl b npHHHT 5-10<> (13 3aBHCHMOCTH OT uacrb} OT.II.eJlbRbIX rpY30B Ii KOHCTPYKU,HH ponHKoBoro H3CTHJIa) CxeM3 .Il.HCKOBblX nepeHocHbix KOHBeHepoB npHBe.ll.eHa Ha pH<: 6 11, a pa3Mepbl - B TaM 6 3 1J.J\SI B'be3}J.3 3JleKTpo- oorpY3QHKOB B pa3rpYJK3eMble BarOHbI npHMeHRIOTcH MOCTHKH H JIHCTW pHeHoH CTaJIH, MocTHK nepe)l.BH)KHOH THna MO-4,O, p33pa(5oTaHllwH lJ,O KT6 cOprrexcHa6» BHHHMCa H npe,ll,Ha3HalleHHblH AJU1 B'be3)1.a B KpblTbie BaroHbI 3.lIeKTponorpY3QHKOB, HMeeT rpY30- DO)I.'beMHOCTb 4,15 T, ra6apHTHbie pa3Mepbl 1965x I J80X a) i o) r-----,  :_._.tt /Ii - :-1  a 8 PBe. 6.11. KOllBellepw !\HCK08We oepeHocHwe: a - Op1lMQ.IIHllellBwe; (J - pa- AIIYClu..e 203 
T a Ii JI H II. a 63 KOHoeAepy AHCKOOye nepeHOCHye (CM. pHC. 6 11) . ill_gHHa I d L Q., c 400 40; 60 40, 80; 160 800; 1520, 3040 650 40;60 40; 80; 160 800, 1520. 3040 400 40;60 40; 80; 160 1250 30, 45; 60; 90 650 40; 60 40; 80 2000 30; 45; 60, 90 n p H H e 'I a H H R' 1 Pa!5o'lHe 'IepTe)!{H Ha KOHBeliept;r HHelOTCR B YHHnTH. H8me (r Y JlblIHOBCK) 2 ,AonYCTHMaR H8rpY3K8 Ha OAHB AHCK COCT8!!JlHeT 10 HJlH 20 Kr (100 HJlH 200 H) X 135 MM, Maccy 115 Kr H H3rOTOBJHleTCH PeMOHTHO-MexaHHIl- CKHM 3aBO)l.OM r. nHTHxaTKH AJIR pa3rpY3KH CbmYIlHX rpY30B H3 6YHKepHblX BarOHOB coopY>KalOTCR KpbITbIe pa3rpY30llHbIe YCTpo:ikTBa, 060py)l.o- BaHHble npHeMHblMH 6YHKepaMH, KOHBeHepaMH, YCTpOHCTBa- MH nHeBMOTpaHcnopTa. BHHTOBOH nO)l.KaTHOH KOHBeHep KB-60 (pHC. 6.12) )l.JlR pa3rpY3KH BarOHOB THna «xonnep» pa3pa6OTaH U.O KTB t:OprTeXCHa6» BHHHMCa H H3rOTOBJlHeTCR rpY3peMTpeCTOM rQCKOMCeJJbX03TeXHHKH rpY3HHCKOH CCP. npOH3BO)l.HTeJlb- HOCTb KOHBeHepa 60 Till, Macca 420 Kr, YCTaHOBJleHHaR MOl1\- HOCTb 5,5 KBT, llIHp/lHa npueMHoro JlOTKa 900 MM. AmI pa3rpY3KU CbrnYII/lX H 'fapHO-Im YIIHbIX rPY30B 113 KpbITblX YHHBepC8J1bHbIX BarOHOB pa3rpY30IIIILIe YllaCTKH Cf{Jla.n.OB 060py.n.YIOTCR paMnaMH BbICOT0I1 1200 MM OT ypOBHH rOJl08KII peJlbCa .>KeJle3Ho.n.opO)!{HOrO nYTH, KOTOp hIe YCTa- HaBJllfBaEOTCH Ha pacCTORHII/I 1920 MM OT OCH nYTH PHC. 6 12 KOHBeliep BHHTOBOH nO,D,KaTtIOIi KB-bO I\JlII pa3rpY3KH CbIOY'l" my- 30B "3 sarOHOB C'xonnepoB», 1 - npHROI1. KOHBeliep 2 - pa3rPY30'lllb,1i naTpy6ol(. ., - !r011.0R 18 'IdCTM 4 - OTOaJlblibl/i BIIHTOIJOIi KOIIReAep ,<; - neperpY30'lRoe YCTPOi1CTUO. 6_ npHeMHb)!! UIIHToooli IWI!Belicp. 7 - npHeHHbI!! J!OTOI( 2d4 
1ff. '1500 f'l 1J 12000 ,t PHC. 6.13. UpHeMHOe ycrpoi!cTBo C nHeBMopa3rpY3'1HKOM BcacbloalOJqero AeAcT- BHJI AJiH paarpY3KH cblnY'lHx rpysoo H3 KPblTbiX BarOHOB 1 - DA8HHe npHeMHoro YCTPOi!CTB8, 2 - C8MOKo,lJ,Hoe s860pHoe YCTPOHCTBO; 8 - PH6KHi! WJl8Hr-AJUI CMeCH rpys8 H B03AYX8, 4 - 6YHKPp-pasrpyswrenb C py- K8BHblMH <!>HJlbTpaIlH; {j - B8HYY" Hacoc 6 - Tpy60npoBo,lJ,bI ,lJ,JlSI oTpaoOT8H- 1I0ro BOSAYX8, 7 - cjJHJJbTp MOKpoA O'lHCTKH; 8 - BHHTOBble nHT8TenH; 9 - Bo- POSlK8-JlOTOK, 10 - npHellHblA 6YHKep (,lJ,JlSI rpY30B, BblrpY>K8ellblX HS yHftllep- caJlbllNX KpblTblX B8rOHOB H xonnepoB); 11 - TpaHcnopTHbli! HarlleTa;renbllblll a-py(5onpoBoA AJISI nO,lJ,8'!H rpys8 B 'OHY xp8HeHHSI, 12 - wJllOsoBoA saTBop-nH- a-8TeJlb, 18 - cMeCHTeJIbllaSi K8Mepa, 14 - Tpy60npOBO,lJ, ,lJ,JISI nO,lJ,8'1H CHWlToro 803)U'Xa 15 - nO.AseMRdfi qaCTb npHeMHoro vCTpoficTBB llblcara BOpOT " J].BCpe\l C!{JIaJ].OB JtOJJ}I{\l3 6Lr1 b Ha 200 MM BbllllC caMoro I3hlCOKOI 0 TpaliC \lorn 11010 cpeJ].c rBa, a J].JI}1 >Ke- JIe3HOJ].opO>KHOrO TpaHcnopl a - 5,5 M B COOTBCTC'IBlUI C ra- 6apMToM npM6JIM>KCHMH CTpoeHMH K >KeJIC3HOJ].OpO>KHOMY nYT3. llIMpMHa rpY30BbIX paMn J].OJI>KHa ObITb HC MCHce 1,5 M J1.JUI npoxo.n:a JIlo.n:eH M 3 M npH pa60Tc norpY3IIMKOB .lI.JUI B'be3.n:a Ha paMnbI HJIM B CKJIaJJ., MMCIOHii ypOBCHb nona BbIlliC YPOBHH 3CMJIH, npc.n:ycMaTpMBaIOTC.sr HaKJIOHHbIC naH.n.ytbI Ha 800 MM llIHpC ncpcMcalOHxcH no HeMY TpaHcnopTllbLX CpC.n:CTB C YKJIOHOM 01' I : 6 JJ.O 1 : 15 (60JIbllIHe YKJlOHbI npM- MCHHIOTCH Ha BHYTPCHHHX naHJJ.ycax, MCUbIlIHC-Y HapY>KHbIx) Pa3rPY3Ka CblIIyqHX rpY30B H3 KpbITbIX BarOHOB MO>KCT BbInOJIHflTbCH C npHMcHeHHeM nHeBf'IOpa3rPY3qHKa (pIlC, 6,13), 205 
  -J  ... <sJ r PH 6.14 CaMoxOAlILIe TpaKTopHLIe norpy:s'tHK" uenpepLlBUOf"O "elicfBK" ".... pa:srpY:SIIH cLlnY"Hx rpy:soB 113 IIplTLlX aarOUOB MBC-4 (4) 11 MfV (If) I - I'P'''<TOPHB'' ....eJle»<lIa. Y - rMAPOltIlJJMII.D,pbl M9MelieM"" yr.na lIaK.oua ... BallbHoro lIellTO'DIOrO KOHIM!'IIepe Z; f - KOBIUOBIoiA ,...eaaTop; 5 - wHeKH-PY- WHTe.IIH. 6 - nrpe(jaIOI.I!Be WHt'KH KOBli/OBOrO 3JIeKTponorpY3'lliKa HJIH KOBli/OBOrO norpY3IJI1Ka c nHeBMaTH1fecKHM npHBOJl.OM (pa3pa6oT8H, H3roTOBJIeH H pa. 6OT8eT Ha 3anopmKcKoM aJIIOMHHlieBOM 3aBOJl.e), CaMOXOAHblX TpaKTopHbIX norpY3'lHKOfJ HenpepbIBHoro Jl.eirCTBHS! MBC-4 H Mry (pHC. 6 14), HHepLUtOHHOH p83rpY30'lHOH MallIHHbI (HPM) npOH3BOJl.CTBa JIemmrpaACKoro npmt3BOJl.CTBHHoro 06DeJl.HHeHHH «nOJl.De4TpaHcMalll» HM C M. KHpoBa (puc. 6 15), MeXaHM'leCKOM JIOnaTbl H JIeHTO'lHOro.KoHBeiiepa (pHC. 6 16) CaMOXoJl.HbIe TpaKTopHbIe norpY3(IIIKII nenpepb/BIlOrO Jl.eii- CTBliS! Jl.JIH pa3rpY3KH cwnY'lHX rpY30B H3 KplX BarOHon HMelOT cJJeJl.YIOIll.He TeXHH'leCKne xapaKTepIICTI:IKH. np0ll3BOJlHTeJlbHOCTb, T/q . . IIIRpHH8 38XB8m rpY38, MM BUCOT8 sarpY3KH, MM H811MeHbUl8H H8u('50JIbUl8H MBC-4 20-40 1780 1700 2300 Mry 20-40 1520 1500 400 206 
lIIHpHH3 JleHTbl OTIIaJlbHQfO KOHBeHepa, MM YTal!oBJIeHHall MOIUHOCTh, XBT . . . . . ra(\aplITHbie pa3Mepbl, MM ,lVUUI8 . . . . IBHptttf8 BblC0T8 Macca, T 500 16,5 5650 1780 1950 3,1 500 7,5 57130 1-520 ]000 2,1 norpY3!lHK MBC-4 J.l3fOTOBJI HeT MallIHHOCTpOHTeJIbHblH: SaBOlJ, JIM K Jbt6KHeXT3 (KYPCKall 06JIaCTb), a norpYStfHK Mry - MOJ'HJIeB-nOOJIbCKHii MallIHHOCTpOHTeJIbHbIH 3aBOJI: HM C. M KnP<JBa YcrpOHCTDO ne.lI.BH)f(HbiX KOHBeHepOB, npHMeHSIeMbIX npH pa3rpY3Ke CblnYlfHX rpYSOB H3 KpblrbIX BarOHOB, nOKa. PHe 6 15 IIptre"HOe ye'fpoil£TBo I\JlH e...nYHx rpY30B c HHepHoHHOii pa3rpyso... Hoil ..awRRoA II PM-B. 1 - ftH<PUH( nna>! pa rpY30'lHaH Mam"H", 2 - 3.1\8HHe npIlMHoro YCTpoi!cTfla, , - Kpall 1.01\BecliOil o.l\Ho(\aJJOHOil rpY30nO,ll.'beMUOCTblO 5 T (Mil M->HTa)j(1] H peMOJITa Y3JJOB), 4 - Tent').u<a C YCTpoiieTHoM AJJ>J OTKpwBaB"" ABepH a..ro"8,  - nYJ1bT ynpa.8J1t-HJHI, 6 - CJpHeMHA (YHrtep, 7 - nllTaTtJJb J]PHJO'J ibll'l;  - nOAseM"a» 'J3(,Tb I,p""",""ro yt1 pOTfla; 9 - H'n<.1l0HHLli! JJeUTOQHbtJ! Kon- bclIep; }I) -  HApoaanapa'fypa 201 
aaHO Ha pHC 6.17 Hx TeXHHtIeCKHe xapaKTepHcTHKH,'cnc'. .n.YlOlqHe:  "" PHI: 6 16. V..aGTOK panPY3KH GLmY'IHx rpY30a H3 KpblTLIX BaronOB , _ MeXRHH\ICKa.. nonaTa. 2 _ K09L1peK, :1 - GKllBAGKoe 9A8HHe, 4 - f(Qpe. AaHIKHoA neHTo"Hblii KOHlleAep; 6 _ nOA1>e3AHOA lI<e.ne3HOAOpO>KHblA nYTb, 9 8 PMG. 6,17 KORBeilep nepe)lBHIKHOIl JleHTO"HLliI IIT.IO' t - I1pHeMHiolll "'OTOR f - 118Ma, II - lIeHTB, 4 8 - KOH'I('B.e 68p86aHIOI, 5- _xaMRS" H9"eneHRH H8KIIOHa CTpeJlbl, 6 - 3J1eKTpOnpIlBo,/\ 1 - XO)lOlO"" 48GTb; 9 - onopH..1I K8TOK npOM380JJ;IITeJIbHOCTb, T/'! lliHpMlla .neHTbI, MM CKOpOCTb .neHTbI. M/C . . . MOII\HOCTb 9.neKTpO,llBllr8TeJIH. KBT raCiapHTHble p8SMepbI, MM Jl.JUlH8 ill Hp1IH8 BblCOT8 (nalIOOJIblli8H) Macca. Kf' ....... UeHa, pyo . . . . . . . 266 JlT -4 20 650 0,8 2,2 4200 1400 1800 650 590 liT -8.5 80 500 0,9-3,25 2,8 8660 1400 3100 860 275 liT -10, 100 m 4,5 . 10. 250 1400 4 ooij 1000 ,-440 
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KaK npaBHnO, npHMeHH 3ReKTpOnpHBO 0 aCHHXpOHHMH JI.BHraTeJUIMH nepeMeHHOrO TOKa, KOTopble no cpaBHeHHIO C JI.BHraTeJlHMH nOCTOHHHoro TOKa 11 CHHXpOHHblMII MMeKYT pR npeHMyw.eCTB: npOCTO'Ty 06cJJYlliHBaHHH, 66J1b1lIYIO II Mem- HOCTb B 9KcnnyaTallHII, lIbWHe CTOHMOCTb BHraTeJIH II annapaTYP ynpBBJIeHHH, Maccy II ra6apllTHbre paSMepbl. B cJIyqae He06xoJI.IIMOC1H perYJIllpOBaHIHI C&OPOCTH Me- xaUII3MOB B03MOlliHO- npHHellHe JIeKTpOnpHBOJI.a nOCTOJl Horo TOKa. O;J.HaKO CJlcJI.yer yllltTBaTb, liTO COBpeMeHHblH npHBO nepeMeHHoro rOKa JI.OnYCKaeT perYJlHpOBaHHe CK pOCTH B onpeJI.eJleHHOM AHana30He. llJIH CKJlCl)J.CKIIX MexaHH3MOBllpHMeHSlIOT aCIIHxpOHHble KOpOTK03dMKIlYTe 9JH'KTpOJI.BHraTeJIH cepMH 4A H KpaHOBbie KopOTI<03aMKUYfble )lBllraTeJlH cepHH MTKF. 3JJeKTpoABHra- TeJ1H cepHH 4A H3rOTOBJlHIOTCH B 3all.lHw.eHHOM HJlM 3aKpblTOM HcnO.'IHCHHII, HX MOIlUlOCTb 01 0,06 JI.O 400 KBT. Ct:pllH 4A co,neplliuT Takme CJIe,u.YIOw.ue MOJl,HqmKau"" cnellllilJlHSllpOBaHHblx Jl,BHraTeJleH: c nOBblweHHbIM nycKOo BbiM UOMeHTOM, nOBblweHHM CKOJlbllieHHeM, MHorocKopoCT- Hble H OJl,Hocj)a3ijble. 9J1eKTpOJlBHrareJJH c nOBblweHHM CKOJlb- >KeilHeM npe,nHB3llaQeHbI JI.Jlft pa60Tbi HB MexaHHsMBx g qaCTbI- Mil nYCKaMIl HJlII C 60JlbWHMil MaxOBMlI MaccaMH H Bblny- CKalOTCSI MOW.HOCTblO 0,3-63 KBT. MHorocKopocTllbie 9J1eKTpOBHraTeJlH HMelOT lIa CTaTope WlH HeCKOJIbKO OTJI.eJlbHblX OOMOTOK H8 pa3J1HQHoe qHCJIO nap nOJlIOCOB HJlH OHY 06MoTKY, Jl,ODYCKalOw.ylO B03Mom- HOCTb ee nCpeKJlIOqeHl1H Ha pa3.ntJlIHOe qHCJ\O nap DomoeOB. BbluycKalOTcSI 8HraTeJiH Ha ABe, TPH H LJelblpe qaCTOTbI Bpa- W.CHHH, MOW.HOCfblO 0,1-200 KBT OcHOBlIblM HOMHHaJlbHblM pemliMoM pa60TbI KpaHoBX 9JIeKTpOABIUaTeJleH HBJIHeTCH TH)j{eJIblH pelliHM C n B = 40 %. Dp" BKJIlOqeHHH JI.BHraTeJlH B ceTb B 06MOTKe cTaTopa BOSHH- KaeT Bpaw,alOw.eecSI 9J\eKTpoMafllHTHoe nOJle G qaCTOTOH Bpaw.eHHH no = 6OI<Ja) , (7.1) rJl,e f - lIaCTOTa ceTlI; a - IHICJlO DOJIIOCOB cTaropa 4aCH)'fa Bpaw.eHHH JI.BIlraTeJlH (poTopa) n 3aBHCHT or CKOJIbmeHHH s, KOTopoe C YBeJIHqeHHeM HarpY3KH B03paCTaeT Jl,O KpHTHqeCKOrO 3HaQeHHSI SR' npH &OTOPOM )1.BHraTeJIb OCTaHaBJlHBaeTCSI. MeXaHHqeCKOH xapaKTepHC1HKoH JI.BHraTeJI5I Ha3bIBaeTCfl saBHCHMOCTb 'IaCTOTbi Bpaw.eHHH BaJIa OT BJ}aw.alOw,ero MO- MeHTa, pa3BHBaeMOfO STHM JJ,BHraTeJIeM: n = f (M), rAe 242 
n. - lfaCTOTa Bpa8{e- A/ HHfl BaJla )J.B HraTeJl SI. npH Bbloope ABHfareJljj AJ1f1 npHBO)l.a MexaHMS- Ma He06xoHMo 3aaTb ro MexaHHtJeCKYIO xa- paKTepHCTHKY, KOTOpylO OOt>t'iOO saalOT B rpa- qmqeCKOM BHe 0 s, $ npH nOCTpoeHHH Me- PIIC. 7 I ECTecTaeHHaa _XaKH'leCK.. Xli- XaHHtJeCKHX XapaKTe. panepHcTHu aCa=Horo 9AeKTPOA&H- pHCTHK aCHHXpOHHblX ABHnneJleH HCIlOJlb3YlOT BeJlHqHHY CKOJIbJKemiH S == (n c - n)/ttc' (72) f,lle nC, - qaCTOTa Bparu.eHHH MarHHTHoro noJIS'! CTaTopa, n - qaCTOTa Bpau.r.eHHH paTopa MeXaHHqeCKHe xapaK1epHCTHKH aCHHXpOHI/OrO ,llBHraTCJlH Moryr 6blTb nOCTpaeHbI no npIl6.1H2KeHHO(1 cpOPMYJIC M - 2M/! (7.3) - sb ll + sKis J re M - Bpau.r.alOu.r.IIH MOMeHT !tBH:rareJHI, COOTBerCTBYIOll.HH CKOJIb>KeHHIO s; M R - HaHOOJIblliHH MOMeHT, C001BeTCTOY- IOU{HA KpHTHqeCKOMY CKOJlb)KeHHIO Sit (npH S > 5 11 MOMeHT pe3KO na.naeT). Pa3J1HqaJOT eCTeCTBeHHYIO H HCKYCCTBeHHYIO MCXaHHqe. CKHe xapaKTepHCTHKH npH pa60Te )J.BHrareJlH H3 eCTeCTBCH- Hon xapaKTepHCTHKe B lI.eml pOTopa HJlH CTaTopa )J.BHraTeJlSl OTCYTCTByeT )J.ooaBOqHOe COnpOTIIBJleHHe II nO)J.BO)J.HMOC IIanpH- }{(elllle Ii qaCTOTa ceTH HMelO1 HOMHHaJlbHble QHJqeHIHI. ECTCCrnCII1/3H MCXamlLteCKaH xap(IKH'pHCTHK3 aCffllxpOHHoro )J.BuraTCJI5J npllI3l')WIl3 1/3 pIll 7 1, rJIC 1I0Kd331IO 3HalJeIlUe UycKoBoro MOMCII r d Mil' cooTBeTcTBYIOu.r.ee CKOJlb)KemIlOS= J. CepHAHbie )J.BHra1CJlH H3rOTOBJIHIOTCH )J.JlH pa60TbI B Tpex OCHOBHblX HOMHHaJlbHbIX pe)KHMax: np0)J.OJi)KHTeJlbHOM, KpaT- KOBpeMeHHoM H nOBTopHo-KpaTKoBpeMeHHoM. npOll.OJI)KHTeJlbHbIH pe)KUM - pe)KHM paoOTbI 9J1eKTpO- ,llBHran'JlH, npO,llOJl/KalOu.r.HHcH ,llO Tex nap, nOKa TeMoepa- TYPd BCCX lJ3CTCH )J.BHraTeJlH He ,llOCTIiffleT YCTaHOBHBlliHXCs:r SlIalJemrH OpB ,llJlHTeJIbHOM pe/KHMe paOOTbI MOIII,HOCTb )J.BHraTeJl5J (Kl:h) MO)KeT 6bITb onpe)J.E'Jlena no CTaTHlJeCKOMY COnpOTHBJieHHIO (Kr) npHBO,llHMOrO MeX3HH3Ma Pc: N = Pcuf(I02TJ), (7.4) 243 
rJle v - CKOpOCTb MeXaHH3Ma, M/C; 11 - Knll pe]l.YKTOpa, Coe]l.HHHTeJlbHbIX Myqrr H T 0 CJle.ll.YeT YllHTbIBaTb B03MmKHOCTb TOrO, lITO MaKHMaJlb- HblM Cl alUqeCKHH MOMeHT MeXaHH3Ma B nepHOn Tp9raHHH ero () MeCTa MO>Ker ,maqHTeJlbHO npeBOCXO]l.HTb nYCKOBOH MOMeHT ]l.BHraTeJlH. B 9TOM cJlyqae He06xo]l.HMO npt>BepHTb BbInOJlHeHHe HepaBeHCTBa M)J; DYCH E> MM. nYEHI' r,Zle Mj);. n}CH - nYCKOBOH MOMeHT ]l.BHraTeJlH no K8i8J10ry; MM. DYCH-MaKCHMaJlbHbIH MOMeHT MexaHH3Ma B nepHO]l. nYCKa. KpaTKOBpeMeHHbIH: pe>KHM - pe>KHM pa60TbI ]l.BHraTeJlSI, npH KOTOpOM nepHO]l.bI BKJIlOqeHHH HaCTOJlbKO Henp0]l.OJI>KH- reJlbHbI, qTO TeMnepaTypa Beex qaCTeH )1.BHraT,eJIH He MO)l{er ]l.OCTurHYTb YCTaHOBHBlIlHXCH 3HaQeHHH, a nepHO]l.bJ OCT a- HOBKU HaCTOJIbKO ]l.JIHreJlbHbI, qTO Bce qaCTH ]l.BHraTeJlH oxns- >K]l.aIOTC5I ]1.0 TeMnepaTypbI oKpY>KalOIl1,eii Cpe]l.bI .llJ1H KpaTKO- BpeMeHHbIX pe>KHMOB pa60TbI 3aBO.ll.bI BbmYCKalOT ]l.BijraTeJIH, npeAHa3HaqeHHbIe ]l.JlH BKJllOqeHHH Ha CJle]l.YlOllI.He HOpMHpO- BaHHbIe nepHO]l.bI: 15; 30; 60; 90 MHM DOBTOpHo-KpaTKoBpeMeHHbIH pe>KHM - pe)l{HM pa60TbI 9J1eKTpO]l.BHraTeJlSI, npH KOTOpOM B nepHO]l. BKJllOlJeHHH TeM- nepaTypa qaCTeH ,ZlBHraTeJlH He ycneBaer ]l.OCTHrHYTb YCTa- HOBHBlIlHXCH 3HaqeHHH, a B nepHO]l. OTKJllOqeHHOrO CO(:TOHHI:\H lJaCTH )1.BHraTeJlH He ycneealOT OCTbITb ]1.0 TeMnepa!fypbl OKpY>KalOw.eH Cpe]l.bI. lI.HKJI pa60TbI ]l.BHraTeJlH tn. = t p + to, r]l.e t p - BpeMH pa(5OTbI. to - epeM5I naY3bI (OTKJllOqeHHOrO COCTOHHHH .lU!H- raTeJIH). DpO]l.oJI>KHTeJIbHOCTb BKJllOqeHHH (%) ]l.BHraTeJUI fl B = tplOO/(t p + to)' . (1.5] HOPMHPYIOTCH CJIe,ZlYlOllI.He 3HaqeHHH DB: 15; 25 40 H 60 % npH npO,ZlOJl)l{HTeJlbHOCTH llHKJla He 60JIee 10 MuH. EeJ)H tn. > 10 MHH. TO MOIl1.HOCTb )1.BHraTeJlH onpE!,ZleJlHeTCH .ZlJ1H npO,ZlOJI>KHTeJlbHOrO pe>KHMa pa6OTbI. ECJlH flB <; 1.0, %, TO Bbl60p ]l.BHraTeJlH no MOIl1,HOCTH npOH3BO]l.HTC5I HCXOJUi H3 KpaTKOBpeMeHHoro pe>KHMa pa6OTbI. DpH BbI60pe 9JieI<TpO]l.BHraTeJlf! MexaHH3Ma no MOl.H,HOCTH cpaKTHqeCKaH neJlHqHHa flB MeXaIlH3M.1 onpe]l.eJIHeT.(;:n no cpopMYJle (7.5). ECJIU cpaKTHqeCKaH BeJlHqHHa nB4J p1'JLH- qaeTCH or HopMHpyeMoH, TO onpe]l.eJlf!IOT 9,...KBHB8J1eHTlIYIO MOIl1.HOCTb, COOTBerCTBYIOIl1,YIO peaJlbHbIM HarpY3KaM »8 cex yqaCTKaX pa60TbI MexaHH3Ma: V Nit! + N 2 t 2 + ... + NLlti_1 + N;t N a = t p + to · (7.6) 244 
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EC 3BM H nn 3BM; 6a30BblH naKeT npHKJIa,lJ.HbIX npOrpaMM «A6AK»; CHCTeMY npOrpaMMHpOBaHHH 6EJ1'CI1K M 86 Ha nn 3BM EC 1840 MorYT <jJYHKlI.HOHHpOB8Tb JIIOObIe npH- KJIa,lJ.Hble H cepBHcHble Cnell.HaJIbHO pa3pa6oTaHHDle npo- rpaMMbI nepCneKTHBHblM HBJIHeTCH npHMeHeHHe nn THna «l1cKpa 1030» H «l1cKpa 1031» npOMbllIIJleHHOCTb BblnycKaeT KpOMe ynoMHHYTblX MH- Kp03BM Cne,lJ.YIOlII.HX THnOB: «3JIeKTpOHHKa C5-0!», «3JIeK- IfPOHHKa C5-12», «3JIeKTpoHHKa-60M», «3JIeKTpOHHKa HU.-04T-02», CM 1810 H,lJ.p JlaHHble no 9THM 3BM MomHO HaHTH B Cnell.HaJIbHOH JIHTepaType [52 J. 85 nEPI1<I>EPl1ffHbIE YCTPOffCTBA ACY K nepH<jJepHHHblM YCTpoHcTBaM ACY OTHOCHTCH YCTpoA- CTBa, Henocpe)/.cTBeHHo BXO,lJ.HlII.He B BbIlll1CJII11eJIbHble KOM- nJIeKCbI (3anOMHHaIOlII.He, BBO,lJ.a-BbIBO,lJ.a, nellaTaIOlII.He, OTo- 6pa1KeHHH HH<jJopMaIl.HH), H pa3JIHQHbIe YCTpoHcTBa, 06ec- neqHBalOlII.He nepBHQHYIO nO,lJ.rOToBKY HH<jJopMall.HH ,lJ.JIH no- CJIe,lJ.YIOlII.eH oopa60TKH ee Ha 3BM 60JIee BblCOKoro ypOBHJI. B HaCTOHUl.ee BpeMH lllHpOKO npHMeHHIOTCH BHeUJHHe sanOMHHalOUl.He YCT}>OHcTBa (HaKOnHTeJIH) Ha MarHHTHoH JIeHTe (HMJI) H H8 MarHHTHblX .lI.HCKaX (HMJl) nepCneKTHB- HblM HBJIHeTCH npHMeHeHHe 3anOMHHaIOlII.HX YCTPOHCTB Ha T)larHHTHblX KapTax H JIa3epHbIx MHKpo<jJHlIIax. K HMJI OTHOCHTCH HaKOnHTeJIH CJIe.ll.YIOlII.f!X THnOB. EC 50 17, CM 5301, EC 502701, CM 5211, «l1cKpa 005-33» H.np npOMbIlIIJIeH- HOCTb BbInYCKaeT CJIe.nYIOlII.He Tl1nbI HMJI EC 5050, EC 5056M, CM 5615, CM 5603, CM 5407, CM 563] (Ha rH6KHx .nHCK8X), EC 5074 (Ha ru6KOM .nHcKe), CM 5408 H .np BBO.n HH<jJopMall.HH B 3BM M01KeT npoH3Bo)/.HTbCH C no- MOUJ,blO nep<jJoKapT, nep<jJoJIeHT, MamHTHbIX HOCHTeJIeH" KJla- BHaTYPbl nePclJoKapTOQHbIe YCTpoikTBa (EC 60]2, EC 6019 H .D.p.) CqHTbIBalOT HH<jJopMalI.HIO, HaHeceHHYIO Ha nep<p(}KapTbI B BH.ne OTBepcTHH (np06HBoK), npe06pa3YIOT ee B 9JIeJ<TpHlle- CKHH CHTHaJI, KOTOpbIH 3aTeM nOCTynaeT Ha 3BM nep<jJo- JIeHTOIJHbIe YCTpoHcTBa (EC 6022, A 4] 1-4, A 41]6 H .np.) npeo6pa3YIOT HH<jJopMall.HIO Ha uYMaIJ<IWH JIeHTe B SJIeKTpH- qeCKHH CHmaJI H nepe,lJ.aIOT ero Ha 3DM. npH BBO,IJ.e HH«Ix>P- Mall.HH B 3BM C KJIaBHaTypbl npHMeHHIOT YCTPOHCTBa EC 7077 (nHIlJYlII.aH MalIIHHKa C 6JIOKOM ynpaBJIeHHH), A 531-3 (ycTpoikTBO neqaTH), A 5531 (nYJIbT ynpaBJIenHH). .lJ.,nH BblBo.na HH<jJopMaIJ,HH HCnOJIb3YIOT pa3JIHQlibIe 8J1- cpaBHTUo-U,H<jJpoBbIe neQaTalOHe y<:TpOHCTB8: Au.ny -128-2M, 310 
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THna1K OOOPY.lJ,OBaUUSl .lJ,JISI aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHhIX TpaHC- nOpTHO-CKJIa.lJ,CKHX CHCTeM (A TCe) r AnC npHBe.lJ,eH B Ta6JI. 10 1. BOJIee nO.lJ,p06Hble CBe.lJ,eHHSI no aBTOMaTHqe- CKHM CKJIa.lJ,aM r AnC npHBe.lJ,eHbI B pa60Te (27 J. T a 6 JI H U a 10 I. THnaJK 060pyJl.OBaHHIJ AJlIJ aBTOMaTB3RpOBaRRwx TpaHCnopTHG-cxJlaACXHX caCTeM I1IOKHX aBTOMaTH'IeCKRX npoH3BoJl.CTB (pa3pa&TaH BHAC t MOCKB8) ;1 I '" THn B ;)CKB3 0603HaQeHHe OJtI XapaKTepu o 5g8. CTHKa =='" :r",:s Tapa [-0,16; T-O,25; 33 rpY30nOA'b' 1 0,5 eMHOCTb 0,05 0,10, 0,16;  0,25, 0,5; 1 T; pa3Me. pbI (aX b) 400X 300; 400 X 600; 600 X 800; 1 200 X 800 CTeJlJIa)KH CT-O,16; 29 BbIcOTa CT-O,25; H CT =3,4; CT-O,5; CT-I,O 4,0,4,6,5,2; 5,8; 7,0 M; >- LOT = 10-+1 .JL ::t:;'" -100 M; Macca Ma 1 T .J L .JI.. ,.)1 rpY3a 30- La 60 Krlt d ABTOMaTH'IeCKHH CTeJIJIa)KHbIH CA-TCC-O,16, 29 CKOpQCTb KpaH-wTa6eJIep CA-TCC.O,25; ,D,BH)KeHHIJ CA-TCC-O,5; KpaHa L'R = CA-rCC-I,O = 1,6 M/e; no B( pTHKa.  JIll VB = 0,2; O,d jc, L . BbIABH)K€HHIJ rpY303axBa. Ta Vr= = 0,25, 0,4 !rI/c; h n = 4'10 MM; Hn max = = 14,8 M 37t> 
o p 0 It 0 n ]I( e H H e T 3 6 JI 10.1 ;1 I 4 Tao a 9CKII3 06Q3HaQeHHe a XapaKTepa-  C'lUKa 4 Tene)KK3 nepeA3TO'lH3jJ 3B- TOA-0,16, 38 BblCOT3 TOM3TH'IecKajJ (TpaHcp06oT TOA-0,25; rpY303axBa- penbcoBbIii) TOA-0,5; Ta nOA nOJIOM TOA-I,O h n = 450 MM;  CKOpOCTb ne- peABH)KCHHjJ rpY3a vnep = 0,5; 1,0, 2,0 M/c; pOJIIIKOBoro I HaCTIIJla v p = O,25M/e 51' KOHBCilcp u.cnHoii KLI.-O,lb, 5i\ h n = 450 MM; KI.O,25; ullep = 0,16; & KllO,G, o,o, 0,25 we I ..; ---= KI-I,O '1I1CJlO rpy- 30B - I 6 KOHBCilcp pOJIHKOBblH KP-O,16, 5b h n - 450 MM, B KP-0,25; vnep = 0,16; KP-O,5; 0,20, KP-I,O 0,25 M/c; '!IIcno rpy- j 30B- I 7 Y cTpoikTBO ncpcrpY3o'lIlOC YO 0,16, 29 ho = 450 MM; Hl YO-0.25; (lnep = 0,16, YII-O,5, 0,20, YIII,O 0,25 M/c, BpeMH nO,lJ,1,eMa - 3 C 8 npHeMHajJ ceKIlHjJ CTenJlaJKa OCC-O,16, 29 h n = 450 MM,  nCC-0,25; vnep = 0,16, nCC-O,5; 0,20, nee-I,o 0,25 M/c; ... L 'IIICJlO  rpY30B - I I.. L 371 
npO.nOJI)I{eHHe Ta6n 10.1  THn H 3CKHS I 0603HS_CHHe I! t I'."'"  :=   CHKa :t..;,; 9 CTOJI nOBopOTHhlH cn-0,16, 29 hu = 2j MMj w cn-0,25, vuep = ,16 cn-0,5, Q,20;; -m1 cn-I,o 0,25 tAlc, qam-ota BpaIIJ,e\JHH n= , 3 061 '11 H H 10 npHelHoe yo POf!C1 BO flY 0,16, 58 hu = 45@ lM  IlY-O,25; vnep ""' O,I6i nY-O,5, 0,2t) nY-I,D 0,25 M/c; 'IHCJJO rpy- 30B - 2-3 f" Hn e 41 ="H1HH:::H:JIrJrn3g;oM;x3a;;;8:c 2(M;:. BO,l\bI'H3FOTOBH<rCJlH. nn 1-3 - C"TaxaHoscKHI! MaWHHOCTPOHTCJlblll>l1! a3so11 (I' CaXaHoaCK BOpOWRJlOarpap,oKol! 06J1 ); nl1 4-1O-ropoxoseu,KHI! saaGA nIl>A'b- CMHO-TpaHcnopTHoro OOOPYAoBaHHH (f. rOpOXOBe BJlSp,HMHpCKol! OOJl'1 I 10.4. MEXAHI13AlJ.I15I BCnOMOfATEJIbHbIX OnEPAI1.Mn HA CKJIA.lI.AX KJIaCCHcpHKalI,HH BcnOMOraTCJIbHOrO o6opy,[{onaHHH C'KJIa.. )l.OB npHBe)l.eHa Ha pHC. 10 11. HeKOTopble CBe)l.eHHH no STOMY 060PY)l.OBaHHIO npHBe)l.eHbI B n. 5.7. K Cpe)l.CTBaM Manoii MeXaHH3alI,HH Ha CKJIa)l.aX ,TaKe OTHOCHTCH. nepe)l.BH)KllbIe neCTHHlI,bI, pOJIHKOBble )l.0P0)KKH, PyqHbIe TeJIe)KKH. BHJIOqHbIe TeJIe)KKH. YCTpoHCTBa ){JIH MexaHH3aUHH KOMITJIeKTOBOqHbIX H COpTHpOBOlIHbIX paoO'J H T. )I.. nepe)l.BH)KHbIe JIeCTHHlI.bI HCnOJIb3YIOTC'H )l.JIH 06cJIY- >KHBaHHH nOJIOqHbIX CTeJIJIalKeH B HE'OOJIbIllHX CKJI3)1.ax BbI- COTOH )1.0 3-4 M JIJIH CKJIajl,HpOBdIllUI JIefhHX H MeJIKHX rpY30B 60JIblllOH IIOMeHKJIaTypbI PyqHbIe TJIe)KKH C nO)l.'beM- HbIMH BHJIaMH MorYT npHMeHHTbCH )l.nH nepeMelll,eHHg rIJy- SOB B npHeMHO-OTnpaBOqHbIX SKCne)l.HUHHX CKJIa)l.OB. )l.JIH norpY3KH H pa3rpY3KH BHeIllHero H BHYTpHCKna)l.CKOrO !fpaHCnopTa. a Ha He60nbIllHX CKna)l.aX - H )l.JIH BHYTPH- CKna)l.CKoii TpaHcnopTHpOBKH rpY30B H 06cJlYlKHBaHHH UHS- KHX CTeJlJla>Keii B XpaHHJlHIl!.e. 372 
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n p 0 A 0 JI m e H H eTa (5 JI 102 rHO H 9CKH3 Xaj)<lKTepHCTHKa nOBopOTHaH KapeTKa np-4 Ai J1 A-A Ij1M Macca 110 Kr,rpY30nOA'beMHOCTb 650 Krl CTOHMOCTb 215 py6. 3a)KHM AMI "PYI.lbIX I p) JOU DP-5 @ Macca 280 Kr, rpY30no.z<'beMHOCTb 750 Kr, CTOIIMOCTb 420 py6 BepXHHH npHmHM np-6  a 870  t": Macca 75 Kr; CTOll1ll0CTb 250 py6. KapeTKa C nonepe'lIlbll\! CMe- 1IJ.eHlleM np-12 J Macca 160 Kr, XOA cMew,eHHH ::!:: 100 MM; rpY30nO,ll.'beMHOCTb 750 Kr; CTOHMOCTb 250 pya. LLJI5I MeXaJlH3aIum KO\H1JIeKTOBOtlHbIX ra60T HCnOJIb- SYIOTC5I I<OlICOJILlible nOBopOTllbiC KpallbI, 3JIeKrpOTaJIH Ha MOHOpeJIbCaX, o.ll.Ho6aJIOtIIILIe KpaHbI B COtIeTaHlIH C pa3JIHQ- HbI\fH rpY303aXBaTHbIMH npHcnoco6JIeHH5IMH: KaHaTHbIMH CTponaMH, KplOKOBbIMH nO.ll.BecKaMH, KneIlI.eBbIMH 3aXBa- q-aMIi Ii nHeBMaTliqeCKHMH BaKYYMHbIMH npHcOCaMH. BaKYYM- HbIe npHcOCbI MorYT pa60TaTb TOJIbKO C rpY3aMH, HMelOIlI.HMH POBHYIO rna.ll.KYIO nOBepXHOCTb (KapTOHHbIe Kopo6KH, ctJa- HepHbIe 51IlI.HKH H 6apa6aHbI H T. )I..). 314 
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pa3rpY30QHbIX pa60T, TpaHCnOpTlfpOBaHHH III.enbl, pnHJIOK, OTXOOB H OpMHpOBaHHH 6YHTOB XpaHeHHH npHMeHHTCH HaKJIOHHbIe nepeBH)KHbIe KOHBeiiepbI, rpei{epHbIe KpaHbI, KOBWOBbIe nOrpY3I1HKH, YCTpOHCTBa nHeBMOTpaHCrrOpTa H T . B OTeJIbHbIX CJIyqaHX OTXObI peBeCHHbI XpaHHT B 6YH- KepaX KpyrJIOH HJIH npHMoyrOJIbHOH cpOPMbI, 060pYOBaH. HbIX 3aTBOpaMH JIH rrOpU:HOHHOH BbIaQH rpY30B npH He06- XOHMOCTH TaKHe 6YHKepa MOrYT OCHaIIl.aTbCH CHrHaJIH3a- TOpaMH, CPHKCHPYIII.HMH ypOBeHb HX 3anOJIHeHHH lI.JIH npeOTBpaIIl.eHHH 06pa30BaHHH CBOOB H 3aCTpeBaHHH OTXO- .1\08 6YHKepa OCHaIIl.aT BH6paTOpaMH pa3JIHtJHOrO THrra HJlH OTXObI B 6YHKepe B3pbIXJIHT CTPYHMH C)KaTOrO B03,lJ.yxa. npH HCrrOJIb30BaHHH OTXO,lJ.OB peBeCHHbI B KalleCTBe TOrrJIHBa rrpHMeHHeTCH HX 6pHKeTHpOBaHHe C HCIIOJIb30Ba- HHeM CBH3yIOIII.HX MaTepHaJIOB (liTO eJIaeT 6pHKeT 60JIee npOqHbIM), a TaK)Ke 6e3 rrpHMeHeHHH CBH3YIII.HX ,lJ.06aBoK. BpHKeTHpOBaHHe rr03BOJIHeT YBeJIHQHTb HX nJIOTHOCTb B 2- 3 pa3a (OHO rrpOH3BO,lJ.HTCSI Ha cneU:H3JIbHblX rrpeccax no,A ,lJ.aBJIeHHeM 5-10 KrIa) 12 2 CXEMbl MEXAHI13AU,J111 CKJ1AB.OB JiECOMATEPJ1AJ10B H t BbI60p cxeMbI MexaHH3aU:HH BJIHHT CJIe.n;YIOU(He OCHOB fbIe cpaKTopbl THh H KOJIHqeCTBO CKJIaHpyeMbIx JIecoMaTepHaJIOB; BH,lJ. TpaHcnopTa, Ha KOTOpOM JIecoMaTepnaJIbi nocTynaT Ha CKJIa H BbIB03HTCH co CKJIaa; qaCTOTa H nepHo,lJ.HqHOCTb CKJIa)J.CKHX orrepaU:HH; BH H 06'beM BCrrOMOraTeJIbHblX orrepaU:HH (naKenlpooa. HHe, copnfpoRKa, cymKa) Ha CI(JIaJ(bl JICCOMClTrpIJ3J10n opeBlia OObrqHO nocTynalOT no )KeJ]('3Iwi, nO[)()J e IIJI II cI B IOTpallcilopTOM B03MO)KHO TaK)Ke nocTynJlemfe 6peBeH lIa KpynHbIe rrpOMbIWJIeHHbIe npe,lJ.npHHTHH BOHbIM IJYTeM BblrpY3Ka 6peBeH H3 BO)l.bl ocyw.ecTBJIHeTcH JIe6eKaMH HJIH cneU:HaJIbHblMH YCTpoii- CTBaMH - 6peBHOTaCKaMH .5peBHa H3 )KMe3HOOpO)KHbIX BarOHOB pa3rpY)KaT C no- Mow.b KpaHoB (K03JIOBbIX, MOCTOBbfX, CTpeJIOBbIX) CxeMa pa3rpY3KH )KeJIe3HOOpO)KHbIX BarOHOB 1 K03JIOBbiM BYX- KOHCOJIbHblM KpaHoM 2 nOKa3alla Ha pHC 12 9 BaroHbI JIH pa3rpY3KH yCTaliaBJIMBaTCH rro OHOH H3 KOHCOJIeH KpaHa, a llITa6eJIb 3 C BbIrpy}!{eHHbIMH 6peBHaMH - B npoJIeTe KpaHa. no pyroH I{QHCOJlb yCT3HaBJIHBaeTCH MexaHH3M 4. 401 
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-  f(J 9 P..C 12 10. VCTpoiicTBO JlecoKoHBeiiepa Ha pHC 12 10 5peBHa YKJIa.ll.bIBaIOTCH Ha nonepetJHbIe Tpa- BepCbI 1, COe.ll.HHeHHbIe C u:enblO 2 TpaBepcbI nepeMeIll.alOTCH no "c''taJIbHbIM HanpaBJIHIOIlI.HM 3 .lI.epeB5IHHOH 3CTaKa.ll.bI 4. npHBO.ll. KOHBeHepa CO.ll.epmHT 3JIeKTpO.ll.BHraTeJIb 5, pe.ll.YK- TOp 6 C peMeHHOI1 nepeJI.atJeH 7 OT JI.BHraTeJIH BpaIll.eHHe nepeJI.aeTCH Ha npHBOJI.HYIO 3Be3;.LOtlKY 8 Ha JI.pyroM KOHu:e THrOBOH u:enH YCTaHOBJIeHbI HaT5ImHaH 3Be3JI.OtlKa 9 H BHH- TOBoe HaTHmHoe YCTPOIICTBO 10 TeXIlHtleCKHe .lI.allHb!e JIeco- KOHBeHepoB npHBe)elIbI B laOJI 122 DpOH3BO.ll.HTeJIbilOC I b JIeCOKOHBeHepoB (tlHCJIO 6peBeH, TpaiIcnopTHPyeMbIx B 'lac) \' , n JIlt = 3600vcpjl, r.ll.e & - CKOpOCTb .lI.BHmeHHH THroBoH u:enH, M/C, 1 - cpe,ll.- HHH .lI.'iHa 6peBHa, M; cp - K03(P<tmU:HeHT 3anOJIHeHHH TpaHc- nopTHoro nOJIOTHa KOHBeifepa: npH pytlHOH 3arpY3Ke cp = = 0,5+0,6, npH MexaHH3HpoBaHHoH - cp = 0,75+0,85. C JIeCOKOHBeHepa 6peBHa pa3rpymalOTcH C nOMOIll.bIO CneUHaJIbHbIX pbItJamHbIX pa3rpY30tlHbIX MexaHH3MOB- T fJ 6 JI II It d 122 TCXIIH'ICCKHC J\3Hllb1C IJcnHblX KOHncHcpoB )l,JlR JJe" COM3TCpH3J10H !v\dl{CHMdJIbHaH MaKcn. .lI...aMeTp JJ.JIHHa CeKu,JlH, M Tpa HC CKOPOCTb Mo T..n M8J1bHblil nopT"- THrOBO/! HOCTb KOH'Belle- yroJl pyeMblx u,enH, npHBOAa, , pa rO P H30H-/ HaKJIOH- H8KnOHa 6peBeH. lAic KB'II TaJlbHOil go (fo) ceKU;HH, 0 lAM 5-19 180 70 24 800 0,5-0,6 12-16 5-22 200 80 24 800 0,56 14-18 1,)-2Q 260 100 24 1000 0,5 18-22 A-4 75 50 22 1000 0,3 10 A-g' 75 50 22 550 0,5-0,7 10 "I 409' 
 l/L//////////////// \ J PRC. 12.11. <l>opMRpoBaH He wTa6e.oH nH"oMaTepHa..OB C nOMOlllblO o..eKTpOTa... c6paCbIBaTeJIeH D.JIH 3TOH u:eJIH MomHO npHMeHHTb H py- rue MexaHH3Mbl, BKJIlOqaH npOMbllllJIeHHble P060Tbi OHO- BpeMeHHO C pa3rpY3KOH JIeCOKOHBeHepa npOH3BOHTCH cop- THpOBKa 6peBeH H YKJIaKa HX B lllTa6eJIH. D.JIH lllTa6eJIH- pOBaHHH qaCTO HCnOJIb3YIOTCH BHJIOqHble aBTonorpY3t1HI<H, 3JIeKTponorpY3'1HKH H 3JIeKTpOlllTa6eJIepbI (CM n 5 ;:;, ocuaw,eUUble Cneu.HaJIbHbIMH 3aXBaTaMH JIH JIeCOMaTepHa- 1I0B (rpeHc.pepuoro THna, BHJIOqUbIH C npHmHMoM H p). D.JIH BblrpY3KH nHJIOMaTepHaJIOB H3 BarOHOB npHMe- HHIOTCH K03JIOBble KpaUbl, aBTO- H 3JIeKTponorpY3'1HKH. Y 1<JIa.ll.KY .lI.OCOK B lllTa6eJIH u:eJIeC006pa3Ho npOH3BOHTb C nOMow,blO 3JIeKrpOlllTa6eJIepOB npH He6oJIbIUOH BblCOTe lllTa6eJIH pa60Tbl no ero c.pOpMHpoBaHHlo MorYT BblllOJIUHTbCH BIfJIOtlHblM 3.TJeKTponorpY3tlnK0\1 TpaHcnopTHpoBaHHe 6pe- BeH co CKJIaJl.3 K JIeCOnHJIbHOH paMe HJIH K JIeCOnHJIbHblM CTaH- KaM ocyw,eCTBJJ5IIOT HerrpepblBHblM TpaHcnopTOM (JIeCOKOH- BeHepoM, pOJIbraHrOM, TeJIeme'-lHbIM KOHBeHepoM HJIH no- rpY3'1HKaMH [44]) C nHJIOpaMql .lI.OCKH, 6pYCbH H .lI.pyrHe nHJIOMarepHaJIbI nocTyrraIOT Ha CYIIJKY, a 3aTe\1 cpopMnpYIOTcH B naKeTbI, KOTopbIe YhJI;JTLIBaIoIc51 B rurdOeJIH )(JIH aIMOC(jJepI!oj CYWKH DpHMeHHIolcH naKerO-POp\!lIPYIOUl,He MaWHHbI pa3JlHtlHblX MJpOK (orC'IeCTBeHIIble H 33Py6emHble) YKJIa.ll.Ka naKeTOB mfJIOM3Tepn3JIOB B wTa6eJIb JJ..1H rrpocYlllHBaHHH MexaHH3H- pyeTcH C rrO\WUl,bIO K03JIOBblX H MOCTOBbl'{ KpaHoB, 3JIeKTpO- TaJIeH H .lI.pyrwx lIT M Ha pHC 12 11 CXeM3THqUO nOKa1aHO c.pOpMHpoBaHHe wTa6eJ\H C nOMow,bIO 3JIeKTpOT3JIH 4, Hepe- MeIll.aIOw,eHcH no MOHOpeJIbcy 3. naKeTbI 2, IIaXOJl.Hw,HeCH 410 
Da pOJlHKOBOM KOHBeHepe 1 nBKeToQ>opMuPYIOUJ,eH MBlliHHbI. HBBelliHBBIOTCft p860qHM HB KplOK TeJlb<pepB U TpBHcnopTH- PYIOTCSI )1.0 38)1.BUHOrO lliT86eJlS! 5 AHBJlOrHqHO ocYllI,e- CTBJlS!eTCS! pac4>opMHpoBBHHe lliTB6eJlS! 12 3. npOEKTI1POBAHI1E CKnAOB nECOMATEPI1AnOB B H8CT05llll,ee BpeMS! OTCYTCTBYIOT TunOBble npoeKTbI CKJla AOB J1eCOM8TepUBJlOB )l.J1S! npOMbIlliJleHHbIX npe)l.npU5ITHH. CTpOHTeJlbCTBO 3THX CKJl8)1.0B Be)l.eTCS! no UH)I.I1BH)l.YBJlbHbIM npoeKTB HmKe H3J10)l(eHbI OCHOBHble nOJlO>KeHHH npoeKTH- pOB8HIIS! CKJl8)1.0B J1eCOM8TepH8J10B )l.J1S! npe)l.npUSITHH Ma- lliHHO- H npu60pocrpoeHHS! OpH BbI60pe nJlOlll,a)l.KH, HB KOTOpOH )l.o.1l)l(eH pa3Melll,aTbCSI CKJla)l. J1eCOM8TepH8J10B, CJle)l.yeT yqlfTbiBaTb CJle)l.YlOllI,He OCHoBHble CP8KTOpbI. BH)I. H KOJlHqeCTBO J1eCOMaTepHaJIOB, npe)l.Ha3HaqeHHblX .lI.JIH xpaHeHHH Ha J1.aIIIIOM cI\JIaJI.e; cnoco6 J1.0CTRBKH JIeCOMa1E'pllaJIOB Ha CKJIa)l. (TpaHcnopT. nepHOJ1.H4HOCTb, BeJIH4HHa napn-Iii rpY30B); pacnOJIO)l(e/-IHe nOTpe61ITeJIeH J1eCOMaTepHaJIOB (TapHbIH J.l.ex, CTpOH1eJIbHbIH uex, J1.epeBoo6pa6aTbiBalOllI,aS! Macrep- CKaS! H T J1.); cnoc06 xpaHeHH5I J1.peBeCHHbI (\10KpbIH. BJla)l(HbIH, CY- xoii); cnoco6 CYlliKH (ecTecTBeHHbIH, npHHYJ1.HTeJlbHbIH) H npo- .lI.OJl)l(HT.eJIbHOCTb CYlliKH. CTeneHb MeX8HH3aUHH If aBToMaT!13auHH norpY30QJlO- pa3rpY30QHbIX H TpaHCnOpTJlbIX onepaUHH ra6apHTHbIe pa'3MepbI wTa6eJIeH 6peBeH 3a)l,alOT c YQe- TOM Y)06CIBa IIX OO(JIY)I(IIA<JHIIH CpeJ1.CTBaMH vteXaHH3aUHH, BO'3\101J\lIOCrll IIlllOllhwnallllH JIO)/(Jll'IJilJIbIIOi! YCTaIlOBKH npn BJI.DI<HOM XpaIlE'IIHIf, oCecne4CIIIIH nO)l{apHOH 6e30naCHOCTH. 06'bCM lliTa6cJIH v w = V wrk3' (12.1 ) rJ\.e \!wr - ra6apH'IHblH 06'beM IlJTa6eJIH, ka - K03<Jxlmu.HeHT 3anOJIIleHHH W1B6eJIS! (Ta6JI 123). 3H3H o6ulee KOJIHQeCTBO Kpyr J1b1X J1eCOMaTepHaJIOB. no.n.- J1e,IWIlI,HX OJllIOnpeMeIlHoMY xpaHeHHIO Ha CKJla.n.e. V 31' HB- XOJ\.HM 4HC JIO IJJTau(\T\ei\ n = kw\! nl\! ill' (12.2) 411 
T a 6 II H l.l 8 12.3 Kos4JIJIHllHeHTLI S8nOllHeHHR wnOelleA KpyrJIWx .necoMaTepHanoB I(09<j)(pHI{HeHT 3anOJlHeHHK AJIK 6peReH 6.5 M npH COcToHHHe rpY38 AlfaMeTpe, MM OpH xpaHeHHH BHA wTa6eJlH 1240-290 1 1\0 220 300 H 60Jl ee OJlOTHblii 0,60 I 0,65 I 0,70 BII8:IKHbIH B Kope YnJIOTHeHHbIH 0,55 0,60 0,611 Pf't(OBOH 0,50 0,55 0,60 CYXOH 6C3 KOPb! I HOpMaJIbHb!" 0,45 I 0,50 I 0,55 Pa3pe}j{cHHblH 0,30 0,35 0,40 r.lle k m - K03<pqmu,HeHT, YIJHTbIBdlOI.U,HII He):(orpY3KY UITa- OeJIeH (06bIIJHO k m = I, I -1 ,2) ECJIH Ha CKJIa):(e xpaHHTcH p COpTOB JIeCOMaTepHaJIOB Ii Ka>K.llblH COpT ):(OJIJKeH HaXO):(HTbCH B OT,lJ.eJIbHOM IllTa6eJIe, '1'0 o6I.U,ee qHCJIO wTa6eJIeH p n = 1: k mi V ntiV wi 1=1 (12.3) "IRCJIO I1ITa6eJIeH nHJIOMaTepliaJIOB HaXO):(HT no <popMYJIe n = V nMIV wnka, (12 4) r.lle V OM - o6I.U,ee qHCJIO nHJIOMaTepHaJIO Hoe ):(JIH O):(HOBpeMeHHoro xpaHeHHH Ha CKJI JIe3Hbl.H 06'beM IllTa6eJIH, ka - K03<p<pHI.I.HeHT 'naca 06'beMa j yqHTbIB31OI.U,Hl1 He,lJ.orpY3KY mr36eJIH, - pe3e B ,lJ.JIH YBe- JIHqeHHH o6I.U,ero IJHCJIa CKJIa,lJ.HpyeMblx nHJIOMaTepHaJIOB nOJIe3HbIH 06'beM IllTa6eJIH V mIl = V wrk06 (12 5) r):(e k06 - 06'beMHbIll K03<p<pHu,HeHT 3anOJIHeHH}I IllT36eJIH ra6apHTHbIll 06'beM IllTa6eJIH V mr = 1mbwhm, r,lJ.e lm, b m Ii h m - nOJIHaH ].{JIHHa, WHpHH3 H BbICOTa (6e3 YIJE'Ta <PYH.lI.3MeHTa) IllTa6eJI H 06'beMHhlll K03(lx11l1 !UH'II I 1<06 = = kJI.ku/<u, r].{e k,,\' kllJ H ko - KoctxtmlU1eH I hI JIHHellHOro 33- nOJIHeHHH IllTa6eJIH no ):(JIHHe, IllHpHHe 1:1 BbICOTe K03<P<PH- u,HeHT kJI. = lcpllw, r].{e lcp - Cpe.ll.HHH .lI.JI1:IHa ):(OCKIi B UITa- oe.IIe (].{JIH IllTa6eJIeH ):(OCOK O.ll.HHaKOBOH .lI.JIHHbI kJ1. = 1) Ko<M'mu,HeHT kw = bJI./(bJI. + b n ), r.ll.e bJ1. - IllHpHHa ,l\OCKH, b n ...:.. ulHpHHa npOKJIa.ll.KH K03<p<pHu,HeHT ko = ho/(hn. + hu) rj{e h,J.'- TOJlI.U,HHa .lI.OCKH; ho - TOJII.U,HHa npOKJIa.ll.KH npn 412 
nakenioH YKJla.n.Ke He06xo.n.HMO yqHTblBaTb MeJKnaKeTl-\l>Ie npOKJla.n.KH (TOJllll.HHa .n.OCOK 50-100 MM) H npocBeTbl Me.>K.n.y naKeTaMH no rop'i130HTaJlH (250-300 MM) nJlorn.a.n.b, 3aHHMaeMaH llJTa6eJleM H3MeJlbqeHHbiX OTXO- .n.OB .n.peBecHHbl B BH.n.e KOHyca, paBHa SII = 3V oT/(kuh), (12.6) r.n.e V OT - 06'beM cKJla.n.HpyeMblx OTXO,10B; k n - K03$PH- IJ,HeHT HCnOJlb30BaHHH nJlOlll.a.n.H (HenpaBHJlbHaH <popMa llJTa- 6eJlfl II T .n.); h - BblCOTa wTa6eJlH 06rn.aH nJlOlll.3.n.b CKJla.n.a .n.peBecHblx OTXO.n.OB C p wTa6e- J1HMH (6YHTaMH) COCTaBHT P SCII = k op  SII/o (12.7) £=1 r.n.e k op - K03$PHIJ,HeHT, YQHTblBalOllI.HH npoxo.n.bl H npoe3)tbl' MeLK.n.y wTa6eJlHMH H .n.pyrHe nOTepH nJlOlll.a.n.H (k op = = 1,3-;.-1,6). npH npoeKTHpOB3HlIH CKJI3J],OB OnllJIOK H llI.enbI npHMe- HHIOTCH 06ll1.He nOJIO)KeIlHH no MeXdIlH3311.HH norpY30QHO- pa3rpY30QHbIX H CKJI3.n.CJ{HX pa60T C cblnYQHMH rpY3aMH (CM. rJl 13 H n 44, 62, 206). npH pa3pa60TKe MeXaHH3all.HH nPTC pa60T Ha CKJla.n.ax .n.epeBoMaTepHaJlOB peKOMeHJl.yeTcH HCnOJlb30BaTb THnOBbIe cxe¥bI MeXaHH3aIJ,HH, pa3pa60TaHHbIe J1eHHHrpa.n.cKHMH npoeKTHblMH HHcTHTYTaMH fHnpo.n.peB H fHnp06YM. Ba.>KHOe 3HaQeHHe .n.J1H CKJla.n.OB Jl.epeSOMaTepHaJlOB HMelOT Bonpocbl npoTHBonoLKapHoH 6e30nacHocTH, KOTppble .n.OJl.>KHbl pa3pa- 6aTblBaTbcfi npH npoeKTHposaHHH 3THX CKJla.n.OB B COOTBeT- CTBHH co cTpOHTeJlbHblMH HopMaMH CH 473-75 «npOTHBO- nOJKapHble HOpMbI npoeKTHpoB3HHH CKJl3.n.OB J1eCHbIX Ma- <repH3JIOP,) f Jl a B 3 13 CKJlA,nbl CblUYlJHX fPY30B 131 TEXHOnOfH PABOT HA CKnAAX CbInY4HX fPY30B TeXHOJlOrHH norpY30QHO-pa3rpY30QHbIX, TpaHcnopTHblX H CKJla.n.cKHx (nPTC) pa60T Ha CKJlaJl.'aX cBInYQHX MaTepH8J1QB 3aaIICI1T OT THna II lIa3HaQeHHH CKJla)(a, xapaKTepa rpY30B, pa3MepoB rpY30m)fOKa, (,pOKOB xpaHeHHH rpY30B, BapHaHTCJ MeXaHII33IJ,HH nPTC pa60T II .n.pyrl1x «j)aKTopOB. I 413 
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Ta(SJlHlla 13.1. OCHoBHwe pasMepw C:UIW)B c: IIP8l.tep-lpa.8MH fIJlO8Ab llIupuB8 BYCOTa, M nonepe..- AJlIIBa, M 06'beM nponeTa, M Bora ce..e- w,.a6eJIII. U" HHR, M 1 50 8900 30 12,7 178 100 17800 200 35 600 50 15600 40 16,7 312 100 31 200 200 62 400 50 24 400 50 20,6 488 100 48 800 200 97 600 06'beMa CKJla.n:a rpY3aMH, B03MOIKHOCTb COpTIipOBKH, ycpe.n:- HeHHH rpY3a (lITO BalKHO .n.JlH CKJla.n.OB CbIpbH) Kpau.ep-KpaIlhl MOl Y f rrpHMeHHTbCH KaK B 3aKpblTbIX CKJla.n.aX WaTpOBOro TlffIa rrpHMoyroJlbHoif HJlH KpyrJloif <PoPMbI B rrJl3He (pHC 13.7), TaK Ii Ha OTKpbITbIX CKJIa.n.ax ChI- nyqHX MaTepHaJlOB OcHoBHbIe pa3MepbI CKJla.n.OB C Kpau.ep-KpaHaMH npHBe- .n.eHbI B Ta6J1. 13.1. 13.3 MEXAHI13ALlI1Sl OTKPbITblX CKJIA,!I.OB CbIfIytIl1X rpY30B Ha OTKpbITbIX CKJla.n.ax rrepepa6aTbIBalOTcH cbInYIfHe rpY3bI, KOTopble no TeXHHqeCKHM YCJlOI3HHM .n.onycKaeTcH xpaHHTb Hd 01 KphIIOVl B03,.'1.YXC, nOCKOJIbKY Of 3Toro HX Ka- qecTBO He ('HHlKaeTCH K TaKHM rpY3aM OIHOC5IfCH IlHepTHO- CTpOHTeJlbHbIe MaTepHaJlbI (necoK, w.e6eHb, rpaBHH, necqaHO- rpaBHeBafl CMeCb), yrOJlb, py.n.a H .n:p. BapliaHTbI MexaHH3HpOBaHHbIX CKJla.n.OB cbInyqHX rpy- 30B OTKpbIToro xpaHeHHfl (pHC 138-13 14) MorYT 6bITb KJI acc H<pH U.H pOBa H bI: no I3H.n.aM TpaHcnopTa .n:Jlfl npH6bITHfl H OTnpaBJleHHfl rpY30B IKC ne3Ho.n.opOIKHbIH, aBToM06HJlbHbIH, BO.n.HbIH, KOH- BeHepHbIH, no.n.BeCHbIe KaHaTHbIe .n.OpOfH, Tpy6onpOBo.n:HbIH KOHTeHHepHbIll, I H.n.paBJlHqeCKHH, no paCnOJlQ}KeIIHlO yqaCTKOB pa3rpY3KH Ii norpY3KH BHeWHero TpaHcnopTa: Ha TOR >Ke CKJla.n.cKoR nJlow.aJl:Ke 423 
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3a.n:aqa peWaeTCS! e>Ke,nHeBHO HaKaHYHe nJTaHHPyeMbIx CYTOK HCXOAHblMH AaHHbIMH CJIY>KaT MecS!qHbIH nJTaH OT- rpY3KH, KOTopbIll BKJTlOqaeT nJTaH BbI,naqH rpY30B, OTKOppeK- THpOBaHHbIH Ha AaHHbIe CYTKH, H HOpMbI BpeMeHH Ha AOCTaBKY rpY30B K MecTY KOMnJTeKTall.HH nepBOHaqaJTbHO onpeAe- JTReTCS! BpeMS!, lIe06XoAHMoe .n:JTH KOMnJTeKTOBaHHH Bcex n napTH" BbIAaBaeMoro rpY3a: t l , t 2 , ''', tn_It tn" Ore.n:YlOllI. HM 3TanOM pewemlS! 3aAaqH HBJTS!eTCS! pacnpe,ne.neHHe napTHH no K8TeropHS!M B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT MecToHaXO>KAeHHH ,naH- HOH DapTHH rpY3a, KOTOpoe onpe.l{eJTS!eT yqaCTHe wTa6e- JIepOB B ee KOMnJTeKTOBaHHH B03MO>KHbl ceMb BapHaHTOB KOMnJICKTOBaHHS! napTHH rpY3a' O,nHHM H3 Tpex wTa6eJTepOB (Tplf BaplfaHTa), COqeTaHHeM .n:BYX wTa6eJIepOB (TpH BapH- aHTa) If TpeMS! wTa6eJTepaMH nYTeM CYMMHpOBaHHS! BpeMeHH KOMIIJleKTOBaHIUI napTHH nOJTyqaeM BpeMS! p(5OTbI o.n:Horo lUTa6e.nepa Tit T2 Ta, BpeMH pa60TbI AByx lliTa6eJrepoB T a , Tu, T23' a TaK>Ke BpeMS! o,nHoBpeMeHHoH pa60TbI Tpex fuTa6eJTe- pOB TI23 06w.ee BpeMS! pa60ThI ABYX onepaTopon 3a .lI.Be CMeHbl He MO>KeT npeBblwaTb 32 q B TOM cJTyqae, eCJIH 1: T > 32, qaCTb OnpelJeITeHlJe IIfJf{I!8HIJ KOMfllleK- mat{uu flapmlJU tl' t z . .t n 'J PacnpeiJOIT8Hl1e napmlJlJ no I<dmezOpuRI'1 If OnpeIJ8/1etlUe 'r 1 , 72. TJ, T12. TiJ. T.'2' T 1ZJ 7 flepeoop apuaHmolJ 8 fl/laH KOMnIT8Kmaquu ao cymKLJ PHC. 16.3. Ll/1YKfYPHas CxeMa aJlfOpHTMa KOMnJleKTaHH napTHII rpY30B 485 
pa60TbI no KOMnJIeKTOBaHHIO napnfl1 nepeUOCHTCH Ha CJIe- YIOIlJ,Hfl )l,eHb. Cne)l,YIOIlJ,eH OnepaIl.HeH pelIleHHSI 3a)l,a4U HB- JIHeTCH nepe60p BapHaHTOB 04epe)l,HOCTH KOMnneKTOBaHHSI napTHll C Il.eJIbIO nonY4eHHSI  T = min 00JIY4eHHbIH B pe- 3YJIbTaTe pelIleHHH 3a)l,a4H nJIaH KOMI1JIeKTaUilil n03BOJIHeT CBeCTH )1,0 MHHHI\IYMa npOCTOH IIlTa6cJlepOB 163 ACY Tn CK.J1AllOB B HaCTOHIlJ,ee BpeMH pSl..'l.OM lIaY4Ho-HCCJIC.llOBaTeJIbCI<HX H npoeKTHblx opraHH3aUHll, a TaK)/(e KPynHeHIIlBMII npOMbIWJIeH- HbIMH npe)l,npBSlTHHMH H npOH3BO)l,CTBeHHbIMH o61)e)l,HUeHI1H\1H cTpalIbI npoBo)l,HTCSI pa60TbI no C03)1,ariHIO ACY TCii:HOJIOrH4e- CKH\1:B npoueccaMH CKJIa)l,OB (ACY ToC) Ha OCHose npHMc- HeHUH BbI4HCJIHTeJIbUOll TeXHUKB OTe4ecTBeHHbIH U 3apyoe}f{- HbIll onbIT nOKa3bIBaeT, 4TO nplfMeHeHHe ACY TO Ha CKna)l,aX n03BonSieT HaH60nee palI.HOHaJIbHO opraHH30BaTb pa60TY 06CJIY}f{HBaIOIlJ,erO nepCOH8JIa B MexaHH3MOB npB BbICOKOll oKynaeMocTiI 3aTpaT Ha C03)1,aHHe ACY ToC 4eTKaSi H Ha)l,e}f{HaSi pa60Ta CKna)l,a, oCHaw.eHHoro ACY TO, BO MHorOM onpe)l,eJISleTCSI npHHSlToH <PYHKIl.HOHa.'1bfIOII H opraHH3aIl.lfOHHOH CTPYKTYPOH )l,aHH0I1 ACY CYIlJ,eCTBeH- Hoe BnH SlHlfe Ha <PYHKII.HOHaJIbHYIO CTPYKTYPY OKa3bIBaIOT xapaKTepHCTHKH CKJIa)l,a KaK 06'beKTa ynpaBneHlfSi ero H£!- 3HaIJeHlfe H ponb B npOH3BO)l,CTBeHHOM npOII.eCce; oco6eHHOCTH CKJIa)l,CKOrO rpy30noToKa; THn H IJHCJIO TpaHcnopTHPYIOIlJ,UX H CKna)l,HpYIOIlJ,lfX MexaHH3MOB, MeCTa neperpY3KH; THn TapbI H T )1,. Pa3pa60TKe <PYHKUHOHaJIbHOll CTPYKTYPbI )l,OJI}f{eH npe)l,- lIlecTBos8Tb aHanH3 rpY30nOTOKOB H nOTOKOB HH$opMaUUH. opH 3TOM onpe)l,eJISIIOTCSI MaplIlpYTbI Cne)l,OBaHHH rpY30n, nYHKTbI nplfeMa H BbI)I,a4H rpY30B, a faK}f{e TeXHonorUH IIX 06pa60TKIf CxeMa MapwpYTOB )l,OJI)KIIa Y)I,OBJIeTBOpHTb' cne- YIOIlJ,HM OCHOBHbIM Tpe60BaRBSlM: nepeMeIlJ,eHHe rpY30B )l,On}f{HO npOH3BO)l,HTbCSI no KpaT4aHlIlBM TpaccaM. MaplIlpYTbl )l,On}f{HbI CO)l,ep}f{aTb MHHHManbHoe IJIICnO nYHKTOB neperpY3KIf H no B03MO}f{HOCTH 6bITb He3aBHCHMbIMH AUaJIH3 HHCpOpMau.HOHHbIX I10TOKOB onpe)l,eJIHeT CXCMY )l,OKYMeHTo060pOTa, CBH3aHHoro C pa60TOH CKJI8)1,a, COCTaB H TpY)I,OeMKOCTb COCTaBneHHH H 06pa60TKH Ka}f{)I,orO )l,OKYMeHTa B OT)I,enbHOCTH opH COCTaBJIeHHH cxeMbI )l,OKYMeHTo060pOTa He06xo)l,HMO ee ycoBeplIleHCTBOBaTb nYTeM YHHcplfKaUHH .LI.O- KYMeHTOB C u.enbIO 06nerIJeHHH HX MalIlHHHOH 06pa60TKH, a rraK}f{e nIlKBIf.LI.aII.HH nHIIlHlfX )l,OKYMeHTOB. ' 486 
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npe.n.CTaBHTeJIbHOH (penpeSeHTaTHBHOH) no qHCJ} H xapaK-' rrepY HenbITaHHH. B XO,ll.e nepBHqHOH 06pa6OTKH c-raTHCTIf'le-, CKUX .n.8HHMX HcnMTaHHH npOH3BO,ll.HT HX ynopH,lI.OqeHHe ny- TeNt <jJOpMHpOBaHHH BapHaHOHHoro pH,lI.a, r,ll.e nOJIyqeHlIMe CJIyqaHHbIe BeJIHqHHM rpynnHpYIOTCH no HHTepBaJIaM. 4HCJIO Ha6Jtl(},lI.eHHR m C O,ll.HHaKOBMM 3HaqeHHeM Ha3bIBalOT qaC10- 'fOUl CYMMa qaCTOT paBHa 06eMY B6opKH k n =  mil (H.3) i=1 r.n.e 'k - qHCJIO HHTepBaJIOB OrHocHTeJIbHOH tlaCTOTOR (qaCTOCTblO) Ha3blBalOT BeJIHqHHY' p(, = m,/n. K Ba>KHei'IUlHM xapaKTepHcnlKaM BapHaUHoH- HOrO pH,lI.a OTHOCHTCH: ,,pe,ll.Hee apHpMeTHqeCKOe n k 1} Xi  x,mi k x= i=1 == XiP,; n n i=1 (J 7 4) SMnHpHqeCKaH ,lI.HCnepCHH n k  1" ( _ ) 2 I" ( _ ) 2 - = n  Xi - X = n  Xi - X mi' i=1 ,=1 (17.5) Cpe.n.Hee apHMeTHtiecKoe xapaKTepH3yeT eHTp rpynn"- pOBaHHH CJIyqaHHMX BeJIHqHH, a ,lI.HCnepCHH - CTeneHb HX pacceHHHH BOKpyr eHTpa. lLnH H3yqeHHH BpHaH01U;loro pH,lI.a HCnOJIb3YlOT TaK>Ke rpaqmqeCKHe nOCTpOeHH5I rHCTO- rpaMMM H nOJIHrOHbl qaCTOT Ha OCHOBe aHaJIH3a BapHaHOH- Horo pH,lI.a H C yqeTOM H3HqecKoii CYUJ,HOCTH SKcnepHMeHTa nO,ll.6HpalOT TeOpeTHQeCKHH 3aKOH pacnpe,ll.eJIeHH5I .D.JIH pacqeTa nOKa3aTeJIeH Ha)l.e>KHOCTH pa60TM OTn,eJIb- Horo 3JIeMeHTa H CHCTeMbI npHMeHHIOT pa3JIHtlHbIe 38KOHM pacnpe.u.eJIeHHH B npaKTHqeCKHX paCtieTaX Ha,ll.emHOCTM Me- xaHH3MOB, annapaTypbI ynpaBJIeHHH H KOHTpOJIH HaH60JIb- IDee npHMeHeHHe nOJIyqHJIH CJIe,ll.YIOUJ.He 3aKOHbl pacnpe,ll.e- JIeHHH: 3KcnOHeHHaJIbHbIH, BeH6YJIJIa, raI\1Ma-paCnpC,lI.eJIe- HHH, HOpMaJIbHMH. 3KcnOHeHHaJIbHMH 3aKOH HCnOJIb3Y B Tex eJIyqaHX, KOf,ll.a HHTeHCHBHOCTb OTKa30B HOCHT nOCTOHH- HH xapaKTep. TaKoe pacnpC,lI.eJIeHHe OTKa30B xapaKTepHO .lI.JIH nepHO,ll.a paOOTbI CHCTeMM H 3JJeMeHTOB nOCJIe HaJIa,ll.KH, HO ,lI.O nepHO,ll.a HX CTapeHHH H H3Hoca Pacnpe,ll.eJIeHHe BeH- 6YJIJIa qaCTO HCnOJIb3YlOT npH onHcaHIlH OTKa30B H3-33 YCTa- 504 
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rile. 1/ 2. CTPYKTYPllaR exeMa CTeJlJlaJKHOrO KpaHa-WTa6eJ1epa MeHTOB He npHBOD,HT K OTKa3Y CKJIaD,CKOH CHC1'eMbI ECJIH CKJIaD" nOKa3aHHbIH Ha pHC 17 1,6, 06cJJY)J{HBa1'b O)\HOU p060T01'eJIe)J{KOH, TO eMY 6YD,er cOOTBerCTBOBa1'b CMeIllaHHBH C1'PYKTypHaH cxeMa BKJIIOlJ.eHHSI 5weMeHTOB (pHC 17 I, 6). ECJIH H3BeCTHa BepoHTHoC1b 6e30TKa3HoH pa6o'fbt )J.JllI Ka)J{D,OrO H3 n nOCJIeD,OBaTeJIbHO COeJlHHenHbIX 3JIeMefITOB 38 BpeMSI t, TO BepOSl1'HOCTb 6e301'Ka3HOH pd60fLI CHCTeMbI " Pc(t) = P.(t)Pz(t) . P,(t)=np(t), I-I (17.8) r)J.e P l (I), Pz (t), ., Pn (t) - BepoH1'HocTb 6e30TKa3HO'H pa- 60TbI 3JIeMeHTa I, 2, ., n 3a BpeM SI t. BepoH1'HocTb 6e30TKa3HoH pa60TbI n napaJIJIeJIbHO Coe)J.H- HeHHblX 3JIeMeH1'OB n Pc (t) = 1 - n [I - PI (t)J. 1=1 , ('17 9) npH paClJ.e1'e cMeIllaHHoH CHC1'eMbI CHalJ.aJIa onpeD,eJIHIOT Be- pOSl1'HOC1'b 6e30TKa3HoH pa60TbI napaJIJIeJIbHO COeD,HHeHiu>.\x 3JIeMeH1'OB, a 3a1'eM paCClJ.H1'bIBaIOT cHc1'eMY KaK COCTOflll1.Yt'o H3 nOCJIeD,OBaTeJIbHO COeD,HHeHHblX 3JIeMeHTOB LI.JISI npHMepa paccMoTpHM paclJ.er BepoSlTHocTH 6e30T- Ka3HoH pa60TbI CKJIaD,CKHX CHC1'eM, nOKa3aHHbIX Ha pHC 17 1. CJIeD,yeT O1'Me1'HTb, lJ.1'O 3JIeMeH1'bI, BXOD,SlllI,He B CKJIa)l.CKHe CHCTeMbI, SlBJISlI01'CSI, B CBOIO OlJ.epeD,b, CJIO)J{HbIMH cHcTeMam, COCTOHllI,HMH H3 HeCKOJIbKHX 3JJeMeH1'OB LI.JIH paclJ.era HX 6e30TKa3HOC1'H Heo6xoD,HMO COCTaBHTb 3KBHB3JIeHTIIYIo (' fpYK- TypHYIO cxeMY TaK CTpYKTypnaH cxeMa CTeJIJI3)J{Horo Kp3lJa- IllT36cJIepd (pHC 17 2) cOD,ep)J{H1' nOCJleD,OBa1'eJIbHO COeD,H- HeHHbIe .:)JIeMeHTbl MexaHH3M ropH30HraJIbHOrO nelJep,)J{e- HHSI (MrO), MexaHH3M nOD,'beMa (MO),; MexaHH3M nOlopOTa KQJJOHHbI (MOK), MexaHH3M BbID,BH)J{eHHSI BHJJ (MBl3). ca- cTeMY ynpaBJIeHHH (CY), cHcTeMY aD,peCOBaHHH (M; J,l.a1'- lJ.HKH aD,peca (ALI.) . Ha OCHOBaHHH c1'aTHC1'HlJ.eCKOM o6pa60TKH 3MnHp\1.lJ.CKH pacrrpeD,eJIeHHH OfKa30B Tpex CTeJIJIa)J{HblX IllTa6eJIepOB OD,H- HaKoBoH KOHC1'PYKHHH nOJIYlJ.eHbI cJIeD,YlOllI,He BepoHTHOCTH 516 
6e30TKa3HOH p360TbI COCT3BJHIIOUX 3JIeMeHTOB: )l.JISI MOr Pi = 0,92; )l.JISI MO Pe = 0,94, )l.JISI MOK P 3 = 0,96; Jl.JIII MBB, P 4 = 0,97; )!.JIll CY Po = 0,89; )l.JIII CA P 6 = 0,90. B COQT8eTCTBHH co cxeMoH, nOK33aHHOH H3 pHC. 17 2, Be- pOHTHOCTb 6e30TK33HOH p360Tbl CTeJIJI3)!{HOrO llIT36eJIepa Pro. = P1P2PSP4PoP6 = 0,92.0,94.0,96.0,97 X X 0,89.0,90 = 0,65 j;(JHI OCT3JIbHblX 3JIeMeHTOB CKJI3)1.CKOH CHCTeMbl, nOKa33H- HblX Jfa pHC. 17.1, a, nOJIYlleHbI CJIe)l.YlOllI,He 3HaQeHHSI BepmIT- HOC11H Qe30TKa3HoH pa6oTbI: )l.JIH M3HHnYJIHTOpa PM = 0,86; )l.JIR KOHBeHep3 P K = 0,89 BepoSiTHocTb 6e30TK33HOH pa- (}oTb[, aceii CKJIa)l.CKoH CHCTeMbI Pc = Pro.PMPK = 0,65.0,86.0,89 = 0,5. PaclleT BepOHTHOCTH oe30TK33HOH pa60TbI CKJI3)1.CKOH CH- cTeMHI. nOK33aHHOH Ha pHC 17 1,6, BbInOJIHeH C HCnOJIb30- Il8HHeM BepoSiTHocTeH 6e30TI<a3HOtI pa60TbI 3JIeMeHTOB: po- JIIfI<O%IX KOHBei'IepoB-HaIWOHTeJIeH P pH = 0,88, P060TH3U- pOB811IIblX TeJIe)l(eK P T = 0,72 PC' = 1 - (1 - Pro.) (1 - PpH) (1 - P T ) = = 1 - (1 - 0,65) (1 - 0,88) (1 - 0,72) = 0,988. f1pH npoeKTHpOBaHI-IH TpaHcnopTHO-CKJIa)l.cKHX CHCTeM C HOBbIMU 3JIeMeHTaMH, no KOTOpblM OTCYTCTBYIOT CT3THCTU- lIeCKHe )l.aHHble, BepoHTHoCTU HX 6e30TKa3HoH pa60TbI nplfHIf- MalOT no 3HaJIOrHH C H3BeCTHblMH 51J1eMeHT3MH 6JIIf3KOrO !J>rIU<u.ffoHaJIbHOrO Ha3ua4eHU H H KOHCTPYKTHBHoro HCnOJI- HeHHH r JI a B a 18 TEXHHKA 6E30nACHOCTH HA CKJlA)J.AX 18:1. TPEBOBAHI151 K TEXHOJIOrl1H DPTC PABOT 3:t(}OTa 06 YJIY4rneHHH YCJIOBHH TpYJJ.a, 0 coxpaHeHHH 3J/,OpOHbH TPYJJ.HllI,HXCR HBJIHeTCH B3)KHeHrneH 3a,ll.a4eH rocy- Jl.8p(VIBa. CraTHcm4ecKHe )l.aHHbIe 0 HeC43CTHbIX CJIYQaHX Uil npOH3DO)l.CTBe 1I0Ka3b1Ba1OT, 4TO 3Ha4H reJIbH3H )l.OJISI Tp3BMa- Tlf3Ma npI1XO)l.H1CSI Ha npOu.eccbI, CBSl3aHHbIe C nepeMelll,eHHeM Ii CKJI!4,nnpoBaHl!eM rpY30B KOMnJIeKCHaSl MexaHH3au.HH H 5(7 
aBTuMaTIt3aQHfl rIPTC p860T n03BOJHlIOT CHH3IITb TpaBMa- TH3M B 8-10 pa3 HMelOIll.HecH B Haweii cTpaHe H 3a py6e>HOM ,naHHble 0 TpaBMaTH3Me npH pa60Te aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHoro Tp8HcnopTHO-CKJIa,lJ.CKOrO 060PY,lJ.oBaHHH nOKa3b1BaIOT, liTO Hapfl,lJ.Y C 06rn.eH TeH,lJ.eH!:lHeii pe3KOrO CHH>HeHHSI 'IHCJIa He- Cl!aCTHbIX CJIYIJaeB Ha aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHblX CKJI8,lJ.aX IJHCJIO CJIYIJaeB C TSI)KeJIblMM nOCJIe,lJ.CTBHflMH B03paCTaeT Be30naCHaSl3KCnJIyaTa!:lHSI CKJIa,lJ.OB npOMblWJIeHHOrO npe,lJ.- npHHTHH MO)KeT 6b1Tb 06ecnelJeHa TOJIbKO npH C06JIIO,lJ.eHHH BCex Tpe60BaHHH TeXHHKH 6e30naCHOCTH npH npoeKTHpoBa- HHH, MOHTa)Ke H 9KCnJIyaTauHH Bcero 060PY)(OB8HHSI H nOMern.e- HHH CKJI8)(a K OCHOBHbIM Tpe60BaHMSIM TeXHHKH 6e3onacHo- CTH CKJIa,lJ.OB OTHOCflTCfl: Tpe60BaHHSI K TeXHOJIOrHIJeCKHM npoueccaM CKJIa,lJ.HpO- BaHHSI H TpaHcnopTHpOBaHHfl rpY30B; Tpe60B8HHSI K CKJI8,lJ.CKHM nOMern.eHHSlM B '1aCTM c06JIIO)(e- HHH CTpOHTeJIbHblX H C8HMTapHblX HOpM; Tpe60B8HHSI K rpY3aM H Tape; Tpe6oB8HHSI K CKJI8)(CKOMY 060pY)(OBaHHIO (cTeJIJl8, >H3'M eMKOCTHM); Tpe60BaHHSI K nOJl.'beMHO-TpaHcnopTHblM M8lliHHaM (Koa- H8M, KOHBeHepaM, peJIbCOBOMY H 6e3peJIbCOBOMY TpaHcnopTY, npOMbilliJleHHblM po60TaM H T. ,lJ.); 1pe60B8HHH K 9JleKTpo060PY,lJ.OBaHHIO H CHCTeMe ynpaB- JletfH"; Tpe60B8HHSI K 06cJlY>KHBalOrn.eMY nepCOHaJlY. TeXHOJIOmIJeCKHe npoueCCbI o6pa60TKH rpY30B Ha CKJlaJI.8X AOJI>HHbI COOTBeTCTBOBaTb Tpe60BaHHflM fOCT 123 009-76* H fOCT 123020-80. Bce BH,lJ.bI rIPTC pa60T AOJI)KHbI npoH3Bo,lJ.HTbCSI B CTporoM COOTBeTCTBHH C TeXHOJlO- rHIJecKHMH KapTaMH, a TaK)Ke C npaBHJIaMH H HopMaMH TeXHH- KH 6e30nacHocTH rIepeMern.eHHe TpaHcnopTHblx Cpe,lJ.cTB. no TeppHTopHH CKJIa,lJ.a MO)KeT oCyrn.ecTBJIHTbCSI TOJIbKO no YT- Bep)K)J.eHHoH cxeMe fpaHHubi npOe3)KeH IJaCTH TpaHcnopT- HblX nYTeii BHYTPH CKJIa,lJ.a ,lJ.OJI)KHbI HaXO,lJ.HTbCfl Ha paccToH- HMH He MeHee 0,5 M OT KOHCTPYKUHH 3,lJ.aHHSI H o6oPY,lJ.OBa- Hnfl, a npM ,lJ.BH)KeHHH JIIO,lJ.eH - He MeHee 0,8 M He ,lJ.OnycKa- e1CH HaXO)K,lJ.eHHe JIIO,lJ.eH H TpaHcnopTHblX Cpe,lJ.CTB B MecTax B03MO)KHOrO na,lJ.eHMH rpY30B. MaKCHMaJIbHafl CKOpOCTb )l.BII- )f{eHH fl TpaHcrropTa BHYTPH CKJIa,lJ.a He )(OJI)KHa npeBbIwaTb 5 KM!IJ. fPY3bI MaCCOM: 60JIee 20 Kr CJIe,lJ.yeT rrepeMeIlI.aTb, KaK npaaHJIO, C nOMorn.bIO nO,lJ.'beMHO-TpaHcrropTHblx MaWMH (fITM). TpaHcnopTMpoBaHHe rpY30B Ha pacCTOSIHHe 60JIee 25 M ,lJ.OJI)K- M8 
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14 02 77 r., HaHOOJlee 06'beKTHBHblM reHepaJlbHblM KpHTe- poeM ,lI,JlH BbIoopa napaMeTpOB CKJla.n.a H cxeMbI MexaHH3a- [("" "BJIHIOTCH CYMM8'pHble npHBe.n.eHHbIe 3aTpaTbI, KOTopble ynTBaWT KaK nepBOHatJaJlbHble KanHTaJlbHbIe 3aTpaTbI Ha CTpOHTeJIbCTBO CKJla.n.a H OCHarn.eHHe ero 060p y.n.OBaHHeM , TaK H nOCJle.n.YWIIJ,He pacxo.n.bl Ha ero 3KCnJlyaTaIl.HW. DpHBe- AeHHble 3aTpaTbI (TbIC. py6 Iro.n.) no CKJlaJJ.Y IllTytfHbIX rpy- 308 paCCtJHTblBaWTCH no <jJopMYJle fT = 3 + EuK, (19.1) r.n.-e 3 - rOAOBble 3KcnJlyaTa[(HOHHble pacxo.n.bl no CKJIa.n.y, TblC py6 Iro.n., Ell - HopMaTHBHblfi Ko3$PHII.HeHT 3KOHOMH- qeCKoi'1 3<jJ<jJeKTHBHoCTH KanHTaJIOBJIO)f{eHHH (npHHJ1MaeTCH En = 0,15); K - CTOUMOCTb OCHOBHbIX <jJOH.n.OB no CKJla.n.y, TblC py6. 06rn.ue nOKa3aTeJIH no CKJIalI,Y CKJIaAblBaWTCH 83 TeXHHKO-3KOHOMlltfeCKHX nOKa3a reJleH OTAeJIbHbIX TeXHOJIO- rH14eCKlfX ytJaCTKOB (puc. 19 1) Ha pHC 192 0 B Ta6J1. 19.1 nOtl:a3aH'a cTpyl<Typa npHBelI,eHHbiX 3aTpaT no 30He xpaHeHoH cKJi'aiJ.a TapHo-IllTytfHblX rpY30B CeoecToHMocTb nepepa60TKH 1 T rpY30B Ha CKJla.n.e onpe- ,lI,eJIfleTCH no <popMYJIe en = 3/Q, (19.2) r,ll,e Q - ro.n.oBoH rpY30nOToK CKJla.n.a no npHobITHW, '('blC TlrO.n.. rOlI,OBOH 3KOHOMHtfeCKHH 3<jJ4JeKT (TbIC py6 1r0JJ.) OT BHek peHIfH HOBoH MeX<lHH3aIl.HH Ha JJ.eikTBYWlIJ,eM CKJIalI,e IllTY. HblK rpY30B onpelI,eJIHeTCH no qJOpMYJIe 11fT = fT 1 - fT 2 , (193) r.n.e fi l - npHBClI,eHHble 3aTpaTbI (npHBelI,eIlHble OCHOBlIble cpOHlI,bl) no cyrn.eC'I BYWllI,eMY nOJIOmeHHlO, JJ.O BHelI,peHHH npoeKrra MexaHH3au,HH CKJIaJJ.a, TblC pya IrolI" fT 2 - tlpu- BeJl,eHHbIe 3aTpaTbl no CKJIalI,y nOCJIe BHe.n.peHHH MexaHH3a- LUlU « aBTOMaTH3au,HH CKJIa.n:CKHX pa60r, TblC py6/ro.n. Dp.u BbItJHCJIeHHlI fTJ BMeCTO hclnlIT3JIbHbiX 38TpaT B pacqeTe nOJl,C(IHTbIBaWTCH II HCnOJIb3)'!oTC 51 OCIlOBHbie npOH3BO)lCTBeH- Hble cjJOH.lI.bl no CKJIalI,y npH cyrn.ecTBywrn.eM nOJlOmeHHH (B 6a30BoM Bapu3l1Te) CflOK oKynaeMocTH KanHTaJIbHblX 3aTpaT T (JIeT) Ha BHe.n.- peRlfe HOBOH MexaHH3au,HH Ha lI,eHcTBYWlIJ,eM CKJIalI,e IllTyq- HblX rpY30B onpe.n:eJlHeTCH no q,opMYJle T = (K 2 - K l )/(3 l - 3 2 ), (19.4) 40 
Q)  5) 100-;' -1  JIJOIflie CrClI/II1)/(/I 7iJ PO UiTCUC 71'1 'f/f!pa 'OfJ - 1J7.  181- 2 JOOHIIB Crcl/I1I1x/I Topa UJraoellepOnefJOTOfJ J JooHue CTellllOlK/I Ti 0 U/rooe;;eptJnepaTOfJ  JOJ; 77. 0 JiJaHll1! CTe/lllOX/lTopa UJrooB!II)pOneparOfJ  19;1. . " 1 ''''' 6', JDOHIlC UefdOJl(/l70pa U/raOe!1CpOilepaTOp PCXI<Tn, y,  'J7l.. wI. PRC. t9 I CTpYKTypa KanHTaJlbHblX (a) H npH- g 71.' 10Y. lOt. BeAeHHblX (6) saTpaT (%) no TeXHOJlOrHqeC- KHM yqaCTKBM cKJlaAa TapHo-wTyqHblX rpy- Ji}aHueCTCIVloiKllTopaiJTaOellepOnepaTOp SOB P - pasrpysOqHOMY. C - COpTHPOBKH. X - xpaHeHHH, K - KOMIIJleKTaI\HH. n - norpysOqHOMY. T - no ....yTpJll'. CKJlaACKOMY TpaHcnopTY !'He 19 2 C'rPYKTypa IJpHBeAeHHblx saTpaT no CTeJlJlaJKHOA sOHe xpaHeHIIH ,clI./I!lAa Tapno-wTyqHblX rpysOB npH npHMeHeHHH weCTH cnocoOOB CKJlBAHpOBaHHH rpysOB H HCnOJlb30BaHHH I - AleraJlJlHqeCKHx nOMoHOo H CTeJlJlaJKHblX Kp4H4IB.ml'a- fieJlepOB, 2 - MeTd.JlJlWleCKHX nOMOHOD H aBTOMaTH'leCKHX CTeJlJla:JKHblX KpaHOB" wTa6e.nepoB; 3- MeTaJlJlHqeCKHX nOMoHoB H MOCTOBbiX KpaHoB-WTa6eJlepOB C Ka. 6HHOA; 4 - MeTaJlJlWleCKHX nO,[IAOHOB H aBTOMaTH1leCKHX MOCTOBbiX KpaHoB"wTa- 6eJlepOB; 5 - AepeBIIHHblX nOMOHOB H MOCTOBblX KpaHoB-WTa6eJlepOB C ynpaBJle- HHeM c nOJlaj 6 - ACpCDSlHHblX nOMOItOB H 3J1cKTponorpY3 t lHKOI;I jl I t TJl Kl H 3 1 - COOTBeTCTBeHlIO CTOHMOCTb OCHOBHbIX $OH.n;OB (TbIC py6) H ro.n.OBbIe 3KCnJIyaTaJJ:HOHHbIe paCX01J,bI (ThIC py6 Iro.n.) 110 CKJIa.n.y .n.o ero peKoHcTpYKJJ:HH HJI" TeX- HHtJeCKoro nepeBoopY)l{eHHH, K 2 H 3 2 - TO )l{e nOCJIe ,p- KOIICTpYKJJ:HH HJIH TeXHHtJeCKoro nepeBoopY:1KeHHH CKJIa)l.8.1 ECJIH H3BeCTHbl y.n.eJIbHbIe 3aTpaTbI Ha 1 T rpY30B, ne- pepLl6aThIBaeMblx Ha CI<JIa.n.e, TO 3KOHOMHtIeCKHH 3<fxPe'KT OT BHe.n.pCIlH 51 Mexa1lH3aJJ:HH H aBTOMaTH3aJJ:HH CKJIa.n.CKlI pa- 60t onpe)J.eJI5IeTCH no opMYJIe  t I ! M7 = [(el + E H K 1 ) - (e 2 + EHK l )] Qr = = l(e 1 - e 2 ) - EilKJJ.] Qr, (19.5) 541' 
T 3 6 JI H 1\ 3 19.1 CTPYKTypa npHBe)J.CHHLlX 3aTpn (py6 ) H3 I RIfeAKY npuCHLIx cTeJlJla)KeA B CKJlaJl.e TapHo-wT}"IHLlX rpY30B (nO)IJJ.OHLI RwHIfHLle MeTaJlJlH'IeCKHe pa3MepOM 1200X 800 MM, KpaH-wTaOeJJep - CTeJlJl3JKHLlA, C PY'IHbIM ynpaBJJeHHeM) ClaTbli npHBep,eHHblX 38TpaT I nOJle3H... BbiCOTa 30HbI xpa He- HHR Hx, M 7,2 I 8,4 I 10,8 I 12,6 I 14,4 no nOMOHY 9,05 9,05 9,05 9,05 9,05 )I CTeJlJI 3>KaM 1,84 1,86 2,40 2,41 2,45 )I KP3HY-UlTa6e.nepy 5,73 5,71 5,66 5,74 5,95 33pnJI3T3 onep3TOpy 2,00 1,91 1,81 1,77 1,71 no 3)1.aHHIO 5,63 5,17 4,61 4,17 3,90 » TeppHTopHH 5,Q8 5,02 3,81 3,10 2,63 CYMMaj)HI>le npHBe.ll.eHHble 3aTpaTbi JO,23 28,72 27,34 26,24 25,7. H3 O)l.HY R'IeAKY CTeJIJlaJKa I >CTaTbR npKIlep,eRHblX "TpaT nOJle3Ha.. BLiCOTa 10HbI xpaHe- HUR Hx, M If>, I II! I 19,8 I 21,6 I 26,2 no nOMoHY I 9,05 9,05 9,05 9,05 9,05 »' t1'eJlJlaJKaM 3,17 3,39 3,51 4,35 4,92 )I KpaHy-wTa6eJIepy 6,24 6,73 7,01 7,42 8,21 3apnJlaTa onepaTOpy 1,79 1,81 1,83 1,88 2,00 no 3Jl,aHHlQ 3,94 3,85 3,88 3,79 3,80 » TeppHTopllH 2,43 2,17 2,01 1,83 1,62' YMMapHl>le npHBe)l.eHHble 3aTpaTbi 26,62 27,0 27,29 28,32 ,68 H3 O)l.HY R'IeiiKY CTCJlJlaJKa c re e 1 - Ce6ecTOHMOCTb nepepa60TKH 1 T rpY30B Ha CKJIa,!\e .n.O BHeJ.{peHHH HOBOM TeXHHKH, py6 IT, e z - TO me nOCJIe BHe.n.peHHH MeXaHH3al.J,HH H aBTOMaTH3aI.J,HH, py6 IT, K 1 - y;l(eJIbH8H <tx>H.n.oeMKocTb (T e y.n.eJIbHble OCHOBHble H 060- pOTHble npoH3Bo.n.cTBeHHble $oH.n.bI) Ha 1 T ro.n.OBoro rpY3 nOTOKa .n.o BHe.n.peHHH HOBoH TeXHHKH, py6 IT, K 2 - TO >Ke nOCJIe BHe.n.peHHH Me'\aHJl3aI.J,IHI H aBToMdl1l3a1UfH, py61T; E H - HopMaTHBHblI1 h.03cpqJHLllleHT 3KOllOMHl(eCKOH 3<jxpeK- THBHOCTH KanHTaJIODJIOmeHHM (Ell = 0,15); Qr - rO.ll..oBOH rpY30nOToK nOCJIe peKoHcTpYKLlHH, T/ro.n., KTI. - HOBbie (J.{O- nOJIHHTeJIbHble) KaIIHTaJIbHble 3aTpaTbI (py6) B paCqeTe Ha 1 T ro.n.OBoro rpY30noToKa nocJle BHe,l(peHHH HOBOll TeXHHKH 3KoHoMHlIecKHH 3$PeKT (TblC. py6.1ro,l() OT YCKopeHHH BBo.n.a B .n.eikTBHe CKJIa.n.CKoro 06'beKTa nocJle peKoHcTpYKl(HH /1il , = [(Q 2 a. - 3s) - (Q1a. - 3 1 )) /1T, (196) 54 
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OOOCHOB3HHe'l # ''!3l.I- 60p OCHOBHbIX re'JtHIfIle- CKHX peWeHHH nO'Ckfta .n.3M OCYIlI.eCTBJI HIOT .ZJJIH KpynHblx tI'Jl('):m- HbIX 06'bCKTOB - H3 tTa- .n.IIH TeXHHKO-3KOHOMH'Q\:!- CKOrO 060CHOB3H1\'H,' 11<'0- TOpoe npe.n.IlJCTBy.eT .n.pyrHM CT3.n.H HM tJpOei\" THpOB3HHH, .. I . '.lI.JIH TeXHlftIeCH IlJe_ CJIOMHbIX H Cp3BHilIte:nb- 110 He60JIblllHX cK.ribA- CKHX 06'beKTOB (k Ta- KHM 06'beKT3M OTHbCTrfl 60JrbwHHCTBO CKJIa;J.OB npOMbIWJIeIiHblX npe.n.npHHTI1J1') - H3 CT3.n.IfH npoeKT3 (npH .ZJ.BYXCT3.n.HHHOM npoeKTHpOBaIrHH) R H3 3T3ne nplfHHTHH OCHOBHbIX TeXHHtIeCKHX peWeHiJji CTa- .n.HH pa60tIero npoeKTa no Ka)l{.n.OMY TeXHHtIeCKOMY pellleHHlo, Tpe6YIOIlI.eMY rex Hll KO-3KOHOMH tIec I<oro 060c HOBaH If 51, paCCMaTp H BaI6TCJI .n.Ba-TpH KOHKypeHTocnoc06HbIX BapHaHTa H npHHHr<t;:le'{<'lI K peaJIlf3alJ,HH BapHaHT, 06ec nelJlf BalOIlI.rIi'I MHHHM3JIbHbIe nplfBe.n.eHHbIe 3aTpaTbI OnTHMaJIbHbIH BapHaHT 30HbI xp3HeHHH rpY30B onpe.n.e- JIHeTCH npH npOeKT!1pOB3H!1H B pe3YJIbr31e cpdBHelBlH npH- Be.n.eHHbIX 3aTpaT no OCHOBHbIM TpeM-lJerblpeM KOHKypeHTo- cnoc06HbIM BaplfaHTaM. nplfBe,lJeHHbIe 3aTpaTbI (TbIC. Py6 /ro.n.) paCClJHTbIB3lOTCH no cpopMYJIe n = O,2LxBxHxW(Hx) 10- 3 + + R [K CT O,202 + (0,15 + an) Kn] 10- 3 + +'m [km (am + 0,15) 10- 3 + k o 3 + 0,8], V;PilM'/ 2 J,!54.8 B PRe 19 3 JalHlcHMOCTb CTOHMvl.- TH 1 M 3 110- JleaHOrO 06bCMd OAHOna}kHOI () CK"laACKO!'o 3AaHH,. '\Ii OT ero IIOJlC3HOH IilJl4..UTW Hx (or nona ;;0 II HJa 4>eIJM IIOKpbITHn) "PH paJ'''''' WHiJHH<' II,-,OJlCld 3AaIlU"J A , I (19 8) r.n.e Lx, Bx, H x - .n.JIIfHa, WHpHHa If BblCOT3 30HbI xpaHeHHSI no paccMaTpHB3eMoMY BaplfaHTY 06'beMHO-nJIaHlfpOOqHbIX H TeXHOJIOrlfqeCKIfX peweHHH, M; W (H x) - CTOHMOCTb 1 M 3 nOJle3HOrO 06'beM3 CKJIa.n.CKoro 3.n.aHHH, onpe.n.e.n:HeMaH no rpacpHKaM Ha pHC. 19.3 B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT BbICOTbI xpaHH- nHa Hx, Py6.; R - qHCnO nOMOHOB C rpY30M, nOMeaIO- 1lI.HXCH B 30He xpaHeHHH (R = xyz); K CT - CTQHM,Q<:Tb O.n.HOH HqeHKH CTeJIJI, a)l{eH npHHHMaeMaH no Ta6JI. 9.7 (An,. BapHaHTa IlITa6eJIbHOrO xpaHeHHH K CT = 0); an - OTqH 548 
neHIHI HH aMOpTH33L(IHO, CO.l\ep)l{aHHe H pe;\lOHf nO.llJWHOB (.lI.JlR AepeBHHHbIX nOMOHOB an = 0,22, .l\JlSI MeTaJIJIHlfeCIH1X an = .o, 14); Kn - CTOHMOCTb O.l\Horo nO.ll..l\OHa, pyo, npH- HI:(MaeTCH no Ta6JI 97; 'ro - t{HCJIO wTaoeJIHPYIOU.WX Ma- IUR", 06CJIY)I{HBaIOIlI,HX aOHY xpaHeHHfI rpY30B [opHeHTH- POBOQHO onpe.l\eJIHeTCR no <popMYJIe (2034), a 3aTeM YTOIf- "ReTCR Ha OCHOBaHHH paClfeTOB nO.l\CHC1eM npHeMa If BW.lI.alfH rpY30B co CKJIa.l\a - CM, n. 205]; Kro - CTOIfMOCTb O.l(HOH IUTa6eJlIfPYIOllI,ei1 MalIIHHbI, Py6 , npHHHMaeTCSI no Ta6JI 9 7; am - OT'.fHCJIeHHH «a aMopnf3aUHIo, CO.l\Cp>I<aHHe H peMOHT IUTaOeJlHPYIOIlI,HX MaIDMH (am = 0, \3 - .l\JIH KpaHoB-urra- 6eJlepOB, am = 0,3\ - .lI.JIfI 9neKTponorpY3tIHKOB H Ha- nOJlbHblX 9JIeKTpOWTa6enepoB); ko - K09<p(pUL(HeHT YtIaCTIIR pa6oTHHKOB B OOcJIY)I{HBaHHH If ynpaBJIeHJIH IlJTa6e.nHPYIO- lI\eu MHfUHHOi1, .lI.JIH KpaHOB-UlTaOeJIepOB C PYlfHbIM ynpaBJIC- H"eM ko = 0,6..:.. I ,0, .l\JIR 9JIeKTponorpY3lfHIWB ko = \ ,4, Jl,JIH aBTOMaTHlfeCKHX KpaHoB-WTa6eJIepOB k" = 0, I CSetl.eHHH no npHBe.lI.eHHbIM 38TpaTaM B paclJeH' Ha OIlHY SllfeHKY BbiCOTHblX CTeJIJIa)l{HblX CKJIa.l(OB co CTCJIJJa>KHbIMH KpaHaMH-lilTa6eJIepaMH npHBe.l\eHbI B Ta6JI 19 3 T a IS JI II It a 193. npHBeAeHHhle 3aTpaThI B paC'IeTe Ha OAHII xpaHR- I/.tKiC,ll nOnOR pa3MepoM t200X 800 -MM B 30lle xpaHeHHR BhlCOTHoro CTell.lllUKHOro CKJlaAa (no JJ;aHHhlM BHAC), py6.!noJJJJ.oH B rOJJ; BblCOT8 30Hbl xpaHeHHR, M 38TpaTbi npll qllCJle CTeJlJla>KHbIX Kpa HOB-illTa6eJIepOB 8.4 20,9 15,4 13,6 12,7 12,1 <1,6 19,5 14,7 12,9 11,9 11,5 IO,k 19,4 14,2 12,5 11,7 II, I 12,0 19,2 14,1 12,4 11,5 11,0 14.4 18.4 1 13 . 5 1 I t \.9 1 1 11 . 1 1 110.61 16,8 1 18.2 1  11.9  10,7 20,4 18,6 13,9 12,3 11,5 11.0 24,0 19,0 14,4 12,9 12,1 11,7 27,6 19,6 15,1 13,6 12,8 12,3 31,2 20,5 16.8 14,7 13,8 '- 13,3 31,8 21,6 17,1 15,5 14,7 14,3 n p II Me. a II II e B paMKH S8KJlIOQeHbI MHHIIMaJII>Hble SHaQeHIIH rOJ\OBblX IIKcnIlY8Tau.lloIIHbIX pacxop,08 A">I KaJl\AOro qHCJl8 KpaH08-UlT86cJlep08 (II CeKIJ.IIAI . sOlie xp8HeHIIH, COOTOCTCTBYIOl1\lIe OflTHM8J1bHOIi ee 8b100Te 549 
T a 6 JI H 1\ a 194 K09Ij1If!H1I.HeHT HCnOJIb30BaHHJI ot'i'beMa 3}1.aHHJI Kv "PH npHMeHeHHH CTeJIJiaJIIHblX KpaHoB-wTafienepoa rpY30nOJl.'beMHO- CTblO 1000 It 2000 Kf l( V np" rpYSOIlO)\'beMHOCTIl KpaHoB-wT86eJ!epoB Hx, 1000 Kr I 1000 Kr I 2000 Kr M PasMep nOMOHd, MM 1200x800 I 1200 X 1000 I BOOXI200 I 1600X 1200 X"" 12 \ X = 241 X,. 121 X = 24 1 X = 121 X = 24 1 X = 121 X = 24 8,4 0,163 0,217 0,203 0,203 0,152 0,190 0,165 0,206 10,8 0,178 0,237 0,223 0,223 0,166 0,228 0,180 0,226 12,6 0,196 0,261 0,244 0,244 0,183 0,229 0,199 0,248 16,2 0,203 0,271 0,254 0,254 0,190 0,237 0,206 0,257 18,0 0,214 0,284 0,267 0,267 0,199 0,249 0,217 0,271 n p II M e 01 a II II e. X _ WllpllH8 npoJ/e7a 8)\8I1HB, M ,Z:LJHI nepBHqHblX opHeHTHpOBOqHblX oueHOK npaBHJIbHOCTH npoeKTHpOBaHHH 30HbI xpaHeHHH rpY30B B KaqeCTBe )(OCTa- TOqHO 06'beKTHBHblX KpHTepHeB MorYT CJIY*HTb K09tfxPH- UHeHTbI' HCnOJIb30BaHlUi nJIow,a)(H 30HbI xpaHeHHH Ks = Rab/(LxBx); HCnOJIb30BaHHH oO'beMa 30HbI xpaHeHHH Kv = Rabel T/(Lx B 1. H ..) (19 10) B 3THX Bblpa*eHHHX: a, b, c - pa3MepbI nOMOHa B n.'IaHe H BbiCOTa YKJIa)(KH rpY30B Ha nO,lJJJ,OHe; R - o6w.ee qHCJIO nOMOHOB, pa3Mell1.aIOw.HxcH B 30He xpaHeHllH (R = xyz, r)(e x, y, z - qHCJIO nOMOHOB, pa3Mew.aIOll1.HXCH B 30He xpa- HeHHH no IlIHpHHe, )(JIIfHe H BbicOTe); Lx. Bx. Hx - )(JIHHa, IlIlfpHHa H nOJIe3HaH BbiCOTa 30HbI xpaHeHHH rPY30B; f T - Ko3$j>HuHeHT 3anOJlHeHHH nOMoHoB rpY3aMH B KaqeCTBe CnpaBOqHblX BeJll1ql1H MorYT CJIY)I(I11b KO* <pHUlfeHTbl nOJIe3HOrO HCnOJlb30B3HI1H 06'beMOB CKJI8)(CKHX nOMell1.eHHH. npl1Be)(eHHble B Ta6JI. 194-196, )(JIH pa3JIHq- HbiX THnOB lllTa6eJIHPYIOll1.HX MalllHH. ,Z:LJIH )(PYfHX BapHaHToB rreXHHqecKoro OCHall1.eHHH 30HbI xpaHeHHH rpY30B K03qxpH- ulfeHTbI nOJle3HOrO HCnOJlb30BaHHH 06'beMOB CKJIa)(CKHX 3JJ.a- JlH" MoryT 6bITb onpe)(eJleHbI Ha OCHOBaHHH <POPMYJI (199) Ii (19,10). Koaq)(lmUHeHTbI nOJle3HOrO HCnOJIb30BaHHH 06'beMOB CKJIa)(OB MorYT 6b1Tb npHMeHeHbI H AJIH OpHeHTHpOBOQHOrO (19.9) 550 
pacqeTa BMecTHMOCTH 30HbI XpaHeHRSI Ha nepBbIX 3TanaX npoeKTIfpOBaHHfI HanpHMep, pelliaSI 06paTHYIO 3aaqy no q.opMYJIe (19 10) H 3a,n:aBaHCb Ko3<f.xf>RI.:(HeHTaMH Kv, fT' MO>KHO onpe,n:eJIHTb qHCJIO nOMOHOB, KOTopoe lI.o.n>KHO no- MecTHTbCH B 30He xpaHeHHSI npH 3all,aHHbIX ee pa3Mepax Lx, Bx, Ii x H pa3Mepax nOMOHOB a, b, C, R = L.xBxHxKv/(abcfT) (19.11) npH 060LHOBaHHH HeoGxOll.HMOCTH aBTOMaTH3aI.:(HH CKJIa.n.- CKHX pa60T rO;J.OBbIe 3KCIIJIyaTau.HOHHbIe paCXOll,bI no HCXO,n:- HOMY BapHaHTY C PyqHbIM ynpaBJIeHHeM KpaHaMH-llITa6eJIe- paMH OlIpell,eJIHIOTCH IIO opMYJIe B p = K,r paw + ppl1r..(ficn3(J (19 12) rll.e K, - CTOHMOCTb KpaHa-llITa6eJIepa C pyqHbIM YlIpasJIe- HHeM (c yqeTOM CTOHMOCTH MOHTa>Ka, HaK;ffall.HbIX H TpaHc- nopnIbIx pacxoll.oB); r p - qHCJIO KpaHoB-mTa6eJIepOB C Pyq- HbIM ynpaBJIeHHeM, He06xoll.HMbIX lI.JISI nepepa60TKH B 01l.HY T a 6 JI HIla 19.5 K09$PHI1HeHT HCnO.llb30BaHHR 06'beMa 3J1,aHHR Kv UP" npHMeHeHHH MOCTODbiX KpaHOB-WTa6e.nepoB 6e3 Ka6KHbI KV npH nOAAOHax pas..epo.. K V npH nOAAOHax pas..epo.. Hx. .. 1200X800 "M 1200X 1000 Mill X=6 X=Q X = 12 X=6 X = 9 X = 12 5,4 0,102 0,135 0,152 0,127 0,169 0,190 6 0,122 0,162 0,189 0,153 0,203 0,229 7,2 0,127 0,169 0,190 0,159 0,212 0,238 T /I 6 JI U 11 a 19 6 K09cpcpHl1HeHT UCnOJlb300aHHR 06'beMa 3J1,aHHR Kv npH npHMeHt'uuH MOCTOObiX onopHblx KpaHOO-WTII6eJlepOB rpY30nOA'beM- HOCTblO 1000 U 2000 Kr C KaouHoii K V npH cpysonO}l'beMHOCTH Kpa HOB-wTa6e.nepoB 1000 "c 2000 KI' Hx. .. Pas..ep n0,llJlOH8. .... 1200X 800 1200x 1000 1600X 1200 8,4 10,8 12,6 X - 12 X-24 X*' 12 X - 24 X ... 12 X ... 2f 0,109 0,130 .ql09 0,135 0,099 0,132 0,127 0,152 0,127 0,159 0,116 0,154 0,146 0,174 0,146 0,182 0,132 0,177 651 
CMeHY paClIeTHOrO rPY30nOTOKa npHeMa H BblAallH rpY30B U3 XpaHHJIuw.a, a w - rOAOBble OTlIUCJIeHHSI Ha aMOpTH3a- lI.HIO, COAepmaHHe H peMOHT KpaHOB-IllTa6eJIepOB, BbJpameH- Hble B AOJIS1X eAHHIJIlbl (a w = 0,13-;-0,15); Pp - lIHCJIO CKJIaACKHX pa60THHKOB, pa60TalOIll.HX B KamAYIO CMeHY npH PYlIHOM ynpaBJIeHIHI KpaHaMH-WTa6eJIepaMH, ng M - '1HCJIO CI\1H pa60Tbl CKJIaAa npH PY'lHOM ynpaBJIeHHH KpaH3MH- ll.ITa6eJIepaMH, \Pcn - K03qxlmlJ.lIeHT nepexoAa K CnHCO'lHOMY cOCTaBY, 3 1 - rOAoBbie pacxoAbl Ha 3apnJIaTY OCHOBHYIO H AonOJIHHTeJIbHYIO H Ha COlJ.CTpaX Ha oAHoro pa60'lero rOAOBble 3KCnJIyaTalJ.HOHHble pacxoAbl no BapHaHTY C aBTO- MaTH'IeCKHMH KpaHaMH-WTa6eJIepaMH paCC'IH1 blBalOTCSI no <popMYJIe Ba = 'a (Kaw + Kaa d ) + PanM<PCIl3!1 (19.13) rAe Ka - KanHTaJIbHble 3aTpaTbl Ha YCTpot'ICTBa aBTOMaTH- 3alJ.HH OAHoro KpaHa-WTa6eJIepa; 'a - lIHCJIO aBTOMaTH- '1eCKHX KpaHOB-WTa6eJIepOB, Heo6xOAHMblX AJISI nepepa60TKlI B OAHY CMeHY paC'Ie1HOrO CYTO'lHOrO rpY30nOTOKa npHeMa II. BbIAa'lH rpY30n; aa - rOAOBbie -QTlIHCJIeHHSI Ha aMopTH3a- lJ.H 10 , cOAepmaHHe H peMOHT CHCTeMbi aBTOMaTH3alJ.HH, Bbl- pameHHbIe 'B AOJIHX eAHHHlJ.bl (aa = 0,08-;-0, J I); Pa - '1HCJIO CKJIaACKHX pa60THHKOB, Heo6xOAHMblX AJISI OOCJIymHBaHHSI aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHoro CKJIaAa B KamAYIO CMeHY (onepaTopbI, c.'1eCapH, 3JIeKTpHKH, HHJKeHepbl-3JIeKTpoHHKH); nM - '1HCJIO CMeH pa60Tbi CKJIa.n.a npa aBTOMalHlIeCKOM ynpaBJIeHHH Kpa- HaMH-WTa6eJIepaMH ECJIH OKa3b1BaeTCSI, '1TO Ba >- Bp, TO CHCreMa aBTOMaTH- 3alJ.HH Ha AaHHOM CKJIaAe He3qxpeKTHBHa ECJIH 9a < Bp, 'f0 npoBepHeTcSI ew.e CpOK oKynaeMocTH KanHTaJIbHblX 3a- TpaT (B rOAax) Ha cHcTeMY aBTOMaTH3all.HH, KOTOpblH pac. ClIHTblBaeTCSI no <PoPMYJIe T = [ra (K w + Ka) - 'pKwJ/(B p - 9a). (19 14) CHCTeMa aBTOMaTH3aIJ,HH 3KOHOMHlIeCKH 3cpcpeKTHBII8 B TOM CJIYlIae, eCJIH CpOK oKynaeMoc fH KanHl aJIbHbIX 3aTpaT Ha Hee MeHee 6,7 rOAa, T e K03<p<PHlJ.HeHT 3KOHOMHlIeCKOH 3<P<PeKTHBHOCTH KanHTaJIOBJIOJKeHHH AOJIJKeH 6b1Tb 60JJee HopMaTHBHoro HJIH paBeH eMY: E H = 0,15 npH 06ocHoBa- HHH aBTOMaTH3aIJ,HH CJIeAyeT Y'IHTblBaTb ee 9KOHOMH'IecKYIO 3<fxPeKTHBHOCTb II. TeXHOJIOrHlIecKYIO IJ,e.necoo6pa3HOCTb He 'fOJIbKO Ha caMOM CKJIaAe, HO H B CMeJKHblX npOH3BOACTBax, a TaKme H COll.HaJIbHble nOCJIeACTBHSI aBTOMaTH3all.HH. 552 
194 OnPE.D.EJIEHHE KAnHTAJIbHbIX 3ATPAT HA PEKOHCTPYKLI.HIO 11 CTPOI1TEJIbCTBO HOBbIX CKJIA.D.OB npH cpaBHeHHH BapHaHToB H BbI60pe peKoMeHft.yeMoro BapHama CKJIaft.a KanHTaJIbHble 3aTpaTbI (HJIH OCHOBl:lbIe Itpo- H3BOft.CTBeHHble <pOHft.bl - Jl.JIH YCJIOBHH peKoHCTpYKU.HH H TeXHHlJeCKOrO nepeBoopYJKeHI1H) onpeft.eJIfliorCH (TbIC. py6.) no <popMyne K = [ LBH (H) + 1/IKi61] 10- 3 + K ' , (19 15) rft.e L, B - llmpHHa 11 ft.JIHHa CKJIaft.a (HJIH lJaCTH npOH3BOft.- CTBeHHoro Kopnyca, 3aHI1MaeMOro CKJIaJl.OM), M; H - no- Jle3HaSi BblCOTa CKJIaft.CKoro HJIH npOH3Boft.CTBeHHoro KOp- nyca (pa3Mep flO BepTI1KaJIH OT nOJIa ft.0 HI13a <pepM nOKpbI- TlIH), M;  (H) - CTOHMOCTb 1 M 3 . nOJIe3HOrO 06'beMa CK.Ilaft.- CKoro 3ft.aHIHI (onpeft.eJISJeTC5J no rpa<pHhaM Ha pHC 193), py6 , 'I - lJHCJIO noft.'beMHO-TpaHcnopTHbIX MaWHH HJIH ft.PY. roro CKJIaft.CIWro 060pyft.OBaHHSI i-ro THna, KI - CTOI1MOCTb MexaHH3Ma i-ro nIna, py6 ; b l - K03qxlmu.HeHT, YllHTblBalO- ll\HH HaKJIaft.lIble paCXOft.bl H HalJI1CJIeHI1S1 Ha MOHTmK H onpo- 6btBaHHe MexaHH3MOB (npHHHMaeTcH 6 1 = 1,09-;.-1,25); n- lIHCJIO pa3HbIX Tl1nOB MaWI1H H MeXaHI13MOB; K' - CTOH- MOCTb ft.OnOJIHI1 reJIbHbIX YCTPOHCTB H coopYJKeHHH, py6. npH cpaBHeHI1H H BbI60pe BapHaHTOB OTft.eJIbHO C10SlW.HX CKJIaft.OB ft.OJIJKHa YlJHTbIBaTbcSI u.eHHOCTb (TbIC py6) TeppH- 1f0plHl npOMbIWJIeHHOH nJIow.aft.KH, Ha KOTOpOH CTpOHTC.SI CKJIa){; ee MOJKHO opHeHTHpOBOlJnO onpeft.eJIHTb no <popMYJIe K Tep = STep/(kaBcl()4), (19.16) rft.e S - nJIow.aft.b CKJIaft.a, M", k aBc - K03<p<pHlU1eHT 3a- CTpOHKH Teppl1TOpUH npOMblIllJIeHHOH nJIOw.aft.KH, 3aBHC.SI- W.HH OT OTpaCJIH Hapoft.HorO X03HHCTBa H npHHHMaeMbIH B npe- .n.eJlax k aBc = 0,3-;.-0,5; Tep - u.eHHOCTb 1 ra Teppl1'ropHH C YlJeTOM B03MOJKHOCTeH ee HCnOJIb30BaHHSI ft.JISI npOMbIIll- JleHHOrO, CO[(HaJIbHO-KYJIbTYPHoro H rpaJKft.aHCKoro CTPOH- lfeJIbCTBa, H THKJKe CTOHMOCTb OCBoeHHH, 6JIaroycTpoHCTSH TeppHTopHH H HHJKeHepHbIX ceTeH, npHHHMaeTcSI B npeft.eJIax 'rep = 200-;.-1200 TbIC. py6., no ft.aHHbIM HI1I13C foc- CTpOH CCCP, B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT KaTeropHH ropoft.a H MeCTa CTpOHTeJIbCTBa B npeft.eJIax ropo.n.a (Ta6JI 19.7). npH npoeKTHpoBaHHH TeXHOJIOrHlIeCKHX u.eXOBbIX CKJla- ft.OB, paCIIOJIOJKeHHbIX B COCTaBe npOH3BOft.CTBeHHbIx YlJaCT- KOB H u.eXOB, 6b1BaIOT CJIYlJaH, Kor.n.a B O.n.HOM H3 BapHaHToB 553 
T a 6 JI H 11 a 19.7. nOKMaTeJIH UetfHOCTli se.reRl> (no "H"WM HHH3C rOCCTpoll CCCP) KneropH A ropO.l{OB l..(eH HOCTb 8eMenb rblG py6 Ira Me<.TO pa3MeHHA CKJlallCKoro 06beK- 1'd " ropoJle KpynHelilllHe I opoJa (c 'HICJleH- HOCTblO HaCe.IJeHIlII CBblWe 500 lblC '1M) Kpynllble ropO,lJ,a (250- 500 TblC '1M) BOJlbWHC rOpO,lJ,d (100-250 TblC '1CJI) Cpe,lJ,Hlle II MaJlble ropO,lJ,a (50- 100 TblC '1eJl) B u.eHlpe ropOAd lia oKpallHe ro- pO,lJ,a B u.eHTpe ropo,lJ,a Ha oKpallHe ro- PO)l.8 B u.eHTpe ropo)l.a Ha OKpanHe roo pOAa B u.eHTpe rOpoJld Ha oKpallHe" ro- pOAa 1100-1200 450 780-800 330 700 300 400-450 190-220 YJlaeTCSI BbICB060JlHTb lIaCTb npOH3BOJlCTBeHHOH nJIOIUaJlH 3a ClIeT 60JIee paUHOHaJIbHOfO BapHaHTa CKJIaJla. B TaKHX CJIYlIaSiX JlOnOJIHHTeJIbHO YlIHTbIBalOTCSI (CO 3HaKOM «MHHYC») KanHTaJIbHbIe 3aTpaTbI (TbIC. Py6) Ha C03JlaHHe npoH3BOk CTBeHHOfO YlIaCTKa TaKoH me nJIOIUaJlH, liTO H BbICB06o)K)l.ae- MaH nJIOIUaJlb CKJIaJla: I1K np = Sopup, (19.17) (19.18) fJle I1K np - 3KOHOMI1S1 KanHTaJIbHbIX BJIOJKeHHll, TbIC. Py6.; Snp - BbICB060JKJlaeMafl npOH3BOJlCTBeHHaSi nJIOIUaJlb, KO- TopaH MOJKeT 6bITb 3aHSlTa OCHOBHbIM TeXHOJJOfHllecKHM 060- PYJlOBaHHeM H HcnOJJb30BaHa ,!I,JIfl BbInYCKB npOJlYKlUIH,' III; up - YJleJIbHbIe K8nHTaJIbHbIe BJIOmeHHH Ha 1 M 2 npons- BOJlCTBeHHoH nJIOIU8,l1.H ,lI.JIfl JlBHHOro BH,lI.a npOH3BO,ll.CTBa (opHeHTHpOBOllHO MomHO npHHHMaTb DP = 500+ -;-.1000 PY6 1M 2 ); W np - CTOHMOCTb npOMblWJIeHHOH npo- ,lI.YKlJ.HH, npOH3BeJleHHOll 3a fOJl HB 1 M 2 npOH3BOJlCTBeHHoA nJIom.B,lI.H, Py6 /(M 2 . fOJl); ED = 0,15 - HOpMaTHBHbIH KO* <fig :.UIeHT 3KOHOMHlIecKOll 3<fxPeKTHBHOCTH KannTaJIOBJIOJKeHnA. KanHTaJIbHble 3aTpaTbI (TblC. Py6.) Ha OTKpbITbIll CKJIaJJ. onpe,ll.eJIHIOTCSI no <P<>PMyne K = (  Skk + E Lj8J + E r,K,6, ) 10-3, k=1 /=1 1=1 HnH I1K np = Snpwnp/(Eu 10 3 ), 554 (19.19) 
F,ne, Sk - nJlow.a,nH nOJ].UlTa6e.nbHblx flOKpbITHH, aBTOnOJ].'be3- ,lI.OB H T ,n k-ro nma, M 2 , k - COOTBeTCTBYIOw.aH CTOHMOCTb 1 M 2 3THX nJIow.a,nOK, Py6 1M 2 ; Lj - ,nJIHHa CTpOHTeJIbHbIX cOOPYJKeHHll (3CTa, Ka,n no,nKpaHOBbIX H lIo,n'be3,nHbIX JKeJIe3- HO,nOpO,nHbIX nYTeH H T. ,n.), ,nJI5I KOTOpbIX CTOHMOCTb onpe- ,neJIeHa B pacqeTe Ha 1 M ,nJIHHbI, M; ej - cooTBeTcTBYIOW.a51 CTOHMOCTb I M ,nJIHHbI 3THX CTpOHTeJIbHbIX cooPYJKeHHll, py6.1M; n I , n 2 , n3 - qHCJIO THnOB pa3Hbix nJIow.a,nOK, 3CTa- Ka,n, 06opy,noBaHHH. CTOHMOCTb 060Py,noBaHH5I ,nJIH CKJIa,nOB npHBe.neHa B Ta6JI. 198 B HaqHCJIeHHH Ha OllTOBYIO lJ.eHY 060py,noBa- HHH (rpacpa 3) BXO,n5lT: MOHTa:H< - 16 % (,nJIH MalllHH, Tpe- 6YIOW.HX MOHTa:H<HbIX pa60T npH YCTaHoBKe), TpaHcnopTHbIe pacxo,nbI - 4 %, pacxo,nbl Ha Tapy H ynaKoBKY - 0,5 %, sarOTOBHTeJlbHD-CKJla,nCKHe pacxo,nbl - 1,2 %, CTOHMOCTb KOMnJIeKTall.HH - 0,7 %, CTOHMOCTb 3anaCHbiX qaCTell K 060- py,noBaHHIO - 2 %, npOqHe HaqHCJIeHHH H paCXO}l.bI- 06 % , CTOHMOCTb 3JIe1,1eHTOB cTpOHTeJIbHOH qaCHI BbICOTHoro CKJIa}l.a }l.JIH lllTY'lHbIX rpY30B C Hecyw.HMH CTeJlJIaJKaMH (c HaKJIa}l.HbIMH pacxo.naMH) opHeHTHpOBOqHO MO:H<HO npHHH- MaTb: nOKpbITHH H KpOBJIH - 23,3 py6/M 2 ; orpa:H<}l.aIOw.He KOHCTPYKlJ.HH (CTeHbI) - 33,0 PY6 1M 2 ; 3eMJIHHbIe pa6OTbI- 2,7 py6 1M 3 , cpYH}l.aMeHTHaH MOHOJIHTHaH JKeJIe306eTOHHa51 nJIHTa lIO}l. CTeJlJIa:H<H (<<CHJIOBOll nOJI») - 38 py6 1M 3 ; nOKpbI- 'fHH lIOJIOB - 29,2 py61M 2 . CTOHMOCTb MOHTalKa CTeJIJIa- :H<eH - 15-30 py6 IT, oKpacKH - 14-25 PY61T CTOHMOCTb H3rOTOBJIeHHH MeTaJIJIOKOHCTPYKlJ.HH CTeJIJIa:H<eH - 240- 500 Py6 IT. KamnaJIbHbIe 3aTpaTbI Ha coopYJKeHHe 30HbI xpaHeHIHI BbICOTHbIX MexaHH3HpoBaHHblx CKJIa}l.OB TapHo-lllTyqHbIX rpy- 30B npHBeJJ,eHbI B Ta6JI 199 CTOHMOCTb CTeJIJIalKeH (TbIC py6) }l.JIH MexaHH3HpOBaH- Horo CKJIa}l.a onpe}l.eJIHeTCH no cpopMYJIe K CT = Rk CT 10- 3 , (1920) r,ne R - qHCJIO HtleeK H./IH MeCT xpaHeHH5I rpY30B B CTeJIJIa- :H<ax; k CT - y,neJIbHaH CTOHMOCTb CTeJIJIaJKeH C MOHTaJKOM B paCqeTe Ha O}l.HH XpaHHW.HllCH nOMOH, C MOHTalKOM H oKpacKoH, Py6 npHHHMaeTC5I k CT = 7+40 py6/noMoH (CM Ta6JI 9.8) CTOHMOCTb nOMOHOB (TbIC py6.), He06xo,nHMbIX ,nJIH pa- ()OTbI CKJIa}l.a, onpe,neJIHeTC5I lIO <PoPMYJIe Kn = f p Rk 1 1O- 3 , (1921) 555 
r a 6 JI H II. /I 198. CTOHMOCTb o6oPVJJ.oBaHHR, npHllfeHReMoro na Mua. HH3Hpt)BaKHblx CKJlaJlaX 06oPY1l.0saHHe H ero xpaKTepHcTHK8 OnTORaH l\eHa 38 I WT .. "'>0 ..':i = "51 il>o .... 0'0 ..... ;r:8 061.1\aH CroH. UOCTb C HaqHC- neUHRMH ['.6 TUAU U eplj30nod'beAIHWe KpWibl TaJiH 9JJf'KTpH'IeCKlie rpY30- nOJJ.eMHOCTblO U,25 T 160 5 0,6 T 250 25 I T 3:l0 24 2 T 400 25 3,2 T 520 2& 5T O  10 T I 980 25 KpaHM KOHCOJIbHble nOBopoTHbIe a) rpY30nO,ll.DeMHOCTbiO 670 25 0,5 T, C BblJIeTOM CTpe.rrbl 4 M, Maccol! 1305 Kr 6) rpY30nO,ll.'beMHOCTblO 840 25 IT, C BblJIeTOM CTpeJIbl 4, M, Maccoit 2076 Kr B) rpY30no.J(DeMHOCTblO 5400 25 3,2 T, C BblJIeTOM CTpeJibI 5 M, Maecol! 5,6 T TeJIeiKKa nepe,ll.aTO'l!IaH peJIbCO- I 7GO ::>'j BaR npHBOll.HaH rpY30nO,ll.'LeM- HOCTblO 5 T, MOII{HOCTblO 3,3 KBT, C pa3MepaMH 2,6X 1,65XO,8 M, Maccon 2107 Kr Te.n:e>KKa pe.n:bcoBaR HenpHBoA- 57 9 HaR rpY30nO,ll.'beMHOCTblO 2 T, C pa3MepaMH 1,34X2XO,5 M, Mac- eoit 153 Kr JIe6eAKa MaHeBpOBaR C TRrOBblM 6 350 25 YCHJllfeM 12 T, MOII{HOCTblO 25 KEr, Maccon 8,1 T nHeBMOnpnBO,ll. (3aTBopa 6YHKep- 80 25 Horo H T A) Kp3HbI nOABeclIbIe OAH06aJIO'lHble O,ll.HOnpOJIeTHble C ynpaBJIeHHeM C nOJIa a) rpY30nO,n:beMHOCTblO 1 T, 740-855 25 C npOJIeTOM 3-15 M. 06- lI{en AJlIIHoii 3,6-18 M, Maccon .0,61-1,83 T 556 200 310 400 500 650 980 2480 840 1050 6750 2200 62 7940 100 930-1 079 
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060PYA08811lte R era xapSKTepllcTHKS a) )].-607 YCllJllleM 3 T, WH- pllHOii 01B8J1a 3,49 M r) )].-493A :ycllJlHeM 10 1, lllllpllHOii OTBaJla 3,97 M fpeii<tJepbl eMKo<:trblO 0,8-1 M 3 I 1,2-1,6 M d 2,5-3,2 M 3 4-5 M 3 BH6paUlloHHblii MOTOpliblii .D.JJH Jleca tpY3onO)l.'beM- HOCTblO 5 T 3axB8T .D.JJH JleCllbIX rpY30B fpY303axB8THble nplicnoc06J1e- HHH .D.JJH aBTonorpY3QUKOB. a) CTpeJla CII> lTptmaMH 6) KOBW B) CTpon K8H8THblii 4-BeTBe- BoA rpysono)l.'beMHOCTblO 5 T, )l.JlllIWii 5,5 M, Mac- coii 63 Kr Kp8Hb1-IIITa6eJJepbl MOCTOBble c IYnpaBJIeHHeM C nOJla a) onopHblii KlllQ-125 rpy- 30nO)l.'beMHocTiJlO 125 Kr, BblCOTOii IIO)l.'beMa 4 M, C npOJleTOM 2-5,5 M, Mac- coA 600 Itr 6) nO)l.BecHoi Kllln-125 rpY30nO)l.'beMHOCTblO 125 Kr, BblCOTOH nO)l.'beMa 4 M, C rtpOJleTOM 1,5- 4,5 M, t.j8ccoii 590 Kr B) onopHblii KllIO-250 H nO)l.BeCHOii KUIn-250 C npOJleTOM 5-11 M, Mac- coA 1,4-2,1 T r) onopllblii KlllO-500 Ii nO)l.BecHoii KlllTI-500 rpY30nO)l.'beM HOCTblO 500 Kr, c npOJleTOM 5- 11 M, M8ccoA 1,5-2,2 T 664 n p 0 )I. 0 JI JK e H If e T 8 6 JI 19 8 OrJTOfirlH u.eHd 38 I III 5300 9 674Q . 9 740 ( 820-1 250 q 1 900-2 200 q 2 500-3 200 9 2500 \I 700 9 400 9 300 9 76 9 775 25 840 25 2 000 25 2 500 25 :c".. dj iIj'" £ :c'" ,,0 :t 06111,8" eTOB- MOQ'tt, C H8 QRfIo ne1JH9M:H py6 , 9800 'l:350 j, 810 890- }'Goo 2 100-2400 2 700-3500 270(') 760 '440 000 83 910 , 1 Q50' 250(\ 313Q 
060PYJlORaHHl" .. ero xapa"TepHCTHK8 AJ OilOpHblM KIllO-IOOO Ii IIO}.l.OeCHOM KIIJn-lOOO rpYSOilO)l.'be!>1HOCThIO WOO Kr, C npOJleTOM 5- H M, MaccoM 1,8-2,7 T KpaUM-IlITa6eJlepbI MOCTOBble C ynpa8JIeHHcM C nOJla, C TcJleCKO- "HqecKOA I:OJlOHHOM a) 0f10pHblM on- TK-O,5 rp yaonO)l.'beM HOCTblO 0,5 T, C npOJleTOM 5,1- 11,1 M, MaccoM 4610- 5020 Kr , 6) onopHbIH On-TK-I rpy- 3.OnO.ll.'beMHOCTblO IT, C npOJleTOM 5,1-11,1 M, MaccoH 4140-5285 Kr B) nO}.l.BeCHOH nn-TK-O,5 rpyaonO)l.'beMHOCTblO 0,5 T. C npOJleTOM 4,5- 9,0 M, MaccoH 4100- 5100 Kr I r),noJ/.BecHoH . nn-TK-I rpysonO.ll.'beMHOCTblO I T, C npOJleTOM 4,5-9,0 M, Maccofl 4100-5100 Kr KpaHbI-wTa6cJlqJb! MOC raBblC C ¥npaB.RellneM 113 Kd611Hbl a) rpysonO,!:\'beMHOCTblO I T, C npOJleTOM 10,5-22,5 M, BbiCOTOH nO)l.'beMa 7,86 M, Maccou 9,4-11,8 T 6} rpyaonO.ll.'beMHOCTblO 2 T, C npOJleTOM \0,5-22,5 M, ""f('OTOII nO)l.1>('Ma 8,79 M, M,t('roil 20 T 0) rpy IOflO.lu,eMlIOClbIO J,2 1, C npOJleTOM 10,5- 22,5 M, I3I>ICOTOH nO)l.'beMa 8,79 M, MaCCOM 23,5 T n p 0 11. 0 JI >K e H II eTa 6.1J 19 8 OnTOBall qeH. s. I w.. .. ..", i: 5  :1::0 0611\.11 CTOH- MOGTb G HaHO- .neHHIIMH 2 700 25 3 370 py6 4 750-5 050 25 5 940-6 3 \0 5 000-5 300 25 6 250-6 620 4 800-5 100 25 6 000-6 380 5 050-5 350 25 6 320-6 690 8 750 25 10 940 17900 25 22400 18750 25 23440 5G5 
n P 0 JJ. 0 JI }K e H H eTa 0 JI 19 8 a .. "';>. OUTOBa51 : 06a51 CTOH- 06oPYBaRHe eHa aa I WT <PSI MOCTb C HSqUC" Hero xapaKTepllCTHK8  JleHHIIMH :6 Xo pyO r) rpY30noJJ.'beMHOCTblO 5 T, 20 500 25 25 600 C npOJleTOM 10,5-22,5 M, , BblCOTOH nOJJ.'beMa 8,79 M, MaccoH 26,9 T KpaH-lilTaOeJlep MocTOBoH )l.JlH 28 000 25 35000 )J.JJHHHOMepHblX rpY30B rpyso- nO.ll.'beMHOCTblO 5 T, C npo.1eTOM 22,5 M, MaccoA 41,4 T CTeJlJla}KHble KpaHbI-WTaOeJIepbl: a) rpysonO.ll.'beMHOCTbIO 5600 25 7000 25 Kr, MaccoA 7,65 Kf 6) rpY30noJJ.'beMHOCTblO 10100 25 12 640 1000 Kr, M8ccoA 15,2 T CHCTeM8 JlOKaJlbHoA aBTOMaTHKH 5000-15000 25 6250-18750 ,1I.JJH KpaHa-WTaOeJIepa TeJle}KKa npHeMa-BblAa'lH rpy. 640 25 800 80B K CTeJlJla}KHOMY KpaHY-WTa- 6eIIepy MaCCOH 350 Kr SJleKTponorpYS'lHKH: a) an-I03 rpY30nO)l.'beM- 3 150-3 350 9 3 430-3 650 1I0CTbl0 1 T 6) anB-I04 rpY30nO.ll.'beM- 3250 9 3540 HOCTbJO I T BO B3PblB03a- Il\Hll\eHHOM HClIOJlHeHHH B) an-0601 rpY30nO.ll.'beM- 3000 9 3270 HOCTblO 600 Kr r) an-801 rpY30nO)J.'beM- 3460 9 3770 . HOCTblO 800 Kf A) SOB-I,25 sPysonO)l.'beM' 3250 9 3540 HOCTblO 1,2 T BO B3Pbl- B03all\HIl\eHHOM HcnM- HeHHH e) aO-201 rpysono)J.'beM- 4 770-5 050  5 200-5 500 HOCTblO 2 T }K) aO-50 I rpysonO)l.'beM- J1900 9 12 970 HOCTblO 5 T :neKTpOlllTa6eJl epbl: 4630 a) SlIIB-283 4250 9 6) SlII-186 rpysonOA'beM- 4500 9 4900 HOCTblO 500 K1' &66 
n p 011 0 If Jf( e 11 H eTa 6/1 198 . "'", 0:'" UnToB8g : 061l18R CTOH. 060PYAOB8HHe eH8 38 1 WT ,, MOCTb C HaqUC" <;", .neHIUIMK Hero X8paKTepHCTHK8  'Ie :to py6 3J1 e KTP 01 eJl eM K H 1060 8) 3TM rpY30nO,l\1,eM. 970 9 110CTbi0 1 T, C p83Mep8MH 2,2XO,85 M 6) 3K.2 rpY30nO,l\beM- 1 200- 2 800 9 1 310-3050 HOCTblO 2 T, C p8.:1Mep8MH 2,79X 1,14 H 3,3X 1,25 M B) 3T -550 rpY30nO.ll.'beM- 3800 9 4 140 HOCTblO 5 T. C pa3Mep8MH 3,4X 1,65 M AKKYMYJlHTOpHl>ie THr8'lH 8) AT -60 C THrOBblM YCH- 1040 9 I 130 JlHeM 60 Kr 6) A T6.250 C THrOBbiM YCH- 2500 9 2720 JlHeM 250 Kr rpY3038xB8THbie npHcnoco6J1e. HHH AJIH 9JIeKTpOnorpY3'lHKOB a) 3aXB8T 6oKoBoH ,l\JlH 60- 970 9 1060 'leK H 6YM8rH 33 6) 38XB8T lIITbipeBoH ,l\JlH 30 3 lIIHH K01t6et1ep61 nelITO'lHble .. AJlHHOH 10- 100 M C IlIHpHHOii JleHTbI B 500 MM 650 MM 800 MM HenpHBoAHble POJIHKOBble" C pOJlHK8MH AH8MeTpOM 73 MM H lIIHpHHOA pOJlHKOBoro H8CTHJl8 400 MM 500 MM 650 MM 800 MM DpllBo,l\Hble pOJlHKOBble .. cpo. JlIIK8MII ,l\1I8MeTpoM 73 MM H lIIH- pllHOH pOJlHKOBOro H8CTHJl8; 650 MM 800 MM 1000 MM 25 25 25 m-122 72-145 112-210 25 25 25 25 36 42 51 59 25 25 25 100 112 138 567 
. "'''' OnTOBaH  06lQ,8H CTOH. 06oPYAoaaHHe u.eH8 38 I WT "'2 MOCTb C H a 'U:lC.. <;", .neHHSlMH Hero X8paKTepHCTHK8  "'1:: :r::o py6 TIO)J.BeCHoii * * )J.JlH KOMnJleKTO- 1925 25 2410 BaHlUI rpY30B C nO.l\BeCKaMH-,Ha- JKepKaMH, '1HCJJOM nO.l\BeCOK 18, '1HCJJOM nOJlOK 10, C pa3MepaMH nOJlKH 500X350X 175 MM, C pa3- MepaMH KOHBeiiepa 5,86X X 1,115X2,41 M, Maccoii rpY3a Ha KOHBeiiepe I, IT, MaCCOI! KOH- Beiiepa 0,8 T JIeHTO'lHble nepe)J.BHJKHble a) B-400 MHHOU 5 M, 320 9 350 BblCOTOll 2, I M, npOH3BO- )J.HTeJlbHOCTblO 90 T/'1, Maccou 450 Kt 6) B-400 )J.JlHHO!! 10 M, 460 9 500 BblCOTOH 3,8 M, npOH3BO- AHTeJlbHOCTblO 90 T/'1, Maccou 600 Kr B) B-5OO AJlHHOA 15 M, MODI.- 630 9 690 HOCTblO I, I KBT, Maccou 600 Kr n pOll 0 JI JK e H H eTa 0 JI 198 llOiJiJOHbt U KOHmeUHepbt KOHTefiHep aBTOMOOHJlbHblU ne- 215 pe)J.BH)KHOH 5257 A rpY3onO)J.'beM- HOCTbIO 900 Kr, BHYTpeHHHM 06'beMOM 2,1 M 8 , e pasMepaMH 1,6X 1,04 X 1,97 M, Maceoft 350 Kf KOHTeAHep aBTOMaTH'IeCKHA ne- 105 peABHJKHOA ATIK-O,625 rpY30- nO)J.'beMHOeTblO 500Kt BHYTpeHHHM 06'beMoM 1,22 M 3 , C pa3MepaMH 1,41 XO,99X 1,7 M, Maceou 200 Kr KOHTeuuep OC-1679 rOCKOMCeJlb- 18 X03TeXHHKH (HDI.H'IHblU nOMoH) MeTaJlJlH'IeCKHH, rpY3onO.l\'beM- HOCTbIO 1 T, C pa3MepaMH IOIOX X870X535 MM, Maccou 54 Kr TIOMOH nJlOCKH!! AepeBHHHbI!! 9 '1eTh1peX3aXoAHblH 2TI04 rpY30- nO)J.'beMHOCTblO 1 T, C pa3MepaMH J200X 800 MM 234 9 114 9 19 9 9 · KpaHbI MOryr OCHalQ,aTbCH K86HHOA sa )l.onOJlHHTeJlbHYIO nJl8TY. 200 1,25- -=250 PY6. .. no KOHileAep8M B T86Jmu.e nplIBep;eHa CTOHMOCTb B paCqeTe Ha 1 M A/l1I1I... 668 
r)J.e t p - Ko3<j:JqmuHeHT, YtJHTblBalOlI1.HH pe3epB nOMOnOB, fp = 1,05--;-1,1, k} - CTOHMOCTb O.lUiOrO nOMona, py6, k} = 9+12 py6. - .lI.JHI .n.epeBHHHbIX nOMOHOB, k} = = 12+30 py6. - .lI.JlH MeTaJlJll1tJeCKHX nOMOHOB (nJlOCKHX, CToetJHb,lX H HllI.HtJHbIX) Cl0HMOCTb CHCTeMbI aBTOMaTH3aUHH (TbIC. py6.) onpe.ll.e- JlHeTCfl no opMYJle A =flJ]Ka 1J]+'KK a K+K yBK , (19.22) r.ll.e '\lIt , K - 4:I1CJlO aBToM8TH3HpyeMbix llITa6eJlHpY IO lI1.HX MaWHH 11 KOHBeHepoB B CKJla.n.e, Ka IJ]' Ka K' K yHK - CTOI1MOCl b CI1CTeMbI aBTOM8TI14:eCKOro ynpaBJleHHH KpaHOM- IIITa6eJlepOM 11 KOHBeliepoM (YCTPOHCTB JlOKaJIbHOH aBTOMa- (fHKH) 11 ynpaBJIHIOlI1.ero BbI4:HCJlI1TeJIbHOrO KOMnJIeKCa, (fbIC py6 KanHTaJIbHbIe 3aTpaTbi (TbIC py6) Ha cTpOHleJIbCTBO aBTono.n.'be3.l1.8 K CKJIa.n.y onpe.n.eJIHIOTC51 no opMYJle K aB = k aB (BoJlLe + B)J.L 10- 3 , (19.23) r.ll.e k aB - CTOI1MOCTb CTpOI1TeJIbCTBa 1 M 2 aBTO.ll.OpOrH, k aB = 10+20 py6/M 2 , B UJI - Wl1pl1Ha nJIOlI1.a.ll.K!t .lI.JJH nO.ll.'be3.l1.a aBTOM06HJIeH K CKJIa.ll.Y, B UJI = 10+20 M; Lo- .lI.JJHHa CKJIa.ll.a, M; B, - llIHpHHa a BTO.ll.Op OfH , nO.ll.XO.ll.HlI1.eH K CKJIa.ll.Y, BJI, = 6+12 M; LJI, - .lI.JIHHa a BTO.ll.Oporl1, nepe- xO.ll.HllI.eii K CKJIa.ll.Y, LJI, = 100+200 M HJIH no reHepaJlbHoMY nJiaHY. KanHTaJlbHbIe 3aTpaTbi (TbiC Py6) Ha cTpoHTe.abcTBo C1<Jla.ll.CKOrO 3.l1.aHHH C pa3HbIMH BbiCOTaMH OT.lI.eJlbHbIX YtJacT- KOB H C Y4:eTOM norpY304:HO-pa3rpY304:HbIX Y4:aCTKOB onp ,l(eJiHIOTCH no opMYJIe KaJI, = [kXLxHx'P (H) + kXLaHd'P (He) + + Imbmsp + (l}l{ + laB) to 0 + laBbaaSp + + (l)Kb: + laBb) SK] 10- 3 , (19.24) r.ll.e k - tJHCJIO npOJleTOB B CKJIa.ll.CKOM 3.l1.aHHH; X - WH- pHHa npOJIeTa CKJIa.ll.CKOrO 3.l1.aHHH, M; Lx, La - .lI.JlHHa 30HbI xpaHeHHfl 11 npueMHO-OTnpaBOtIHbIX 3KCne.ll.HII.HH, M; Hx, H a - BbICOTa CKJIa.ll.CKoro 3.l1.aHHH B SOHe xpaHeHHH H B npHeMHo-ompaBotJHbIx 3KCne.ll.HII.HHX, M; 'P (H) - CTOH- MOCTb 1 M 3 nOJIe3HOrO 06'beMa CKJIa.ll.CKOrO S.lI.aHHH, py6, npHHJ1MaeTcH no rpa<1>HKaM Ha pHC. 19.3 B saBHCHMOCTH 569 
f:t' "'« e' II: >, :1= 11:0( Q ""..s 8= b = .. fi'i5 "" : 0;:1; iSg 11:<>0 =x =0 "'0 =<=-1 - : :II =8-  a..s Q =. ai :l Q . Q ... c: = =: ... :11 i f 0; Q ..s c: =... = :1= :;g. G :!  .....= :a:I 5..s.J :a""= ",,8; =za:( !! ..s Q. III: 0):0:'" 0) :11  -:eo; .:i l:I't := t ...8 670 Q)ll)tOoooo 1c.J11l)Q)0) c KIlIO!)O «i"i...:g  oOalci.n;g  <0 <0 <0 tl) It) '" 1.1) <0 <0 .:. ".L:>"b,( 1.I)Q)r--a> 0 00 001.l)-r--  OJOH  :!;"'  ;j ::"' <:F aI 00 r--.  «i 'f1rH\It},  .LO!)Hd <I''''<O.....C'I <q a>r----DC'I >- ,(I'IHqI/t} 1.0"';"";"";ci -..-=ci('t') '" '" Rod.L:> C'I C'I C'I ::-.I C'I C'! NNC"I 'a H:>q Itad ..........1.1)000 0 C"? t- C'J 0'> l....  OJOH a>OOI'--r-.tO 1.1) .....<'0C')C'lC'! douo 0.0000 o. 00000 " ... -r--..o C'I "'..........1.1)<0 v u,)}{{eu 0   as a) 0" -: c-i i VaL;) --N U IIdalt 0-0000..... C'I 0':>"':3"-0')- a!)IIJ rr en 00r--. 00 00" s;:f:i  RHBd>l  lpnI9() <q oq, <q <0. -.1-'1  1.1). !': a>.  Q. '" f:f2;:::i2to  toi2f2f: j :>. I>- >. H>lUllb,( aooo-r--. 00<000.....0 1 OJOR "':aloO"'; :i ::so;O;a)'  'IvaNa. ---- : L09ud r-.r---ooo a>r-.-oo<o >- XJClH<Hi'd.l ggfgfgf r-:' r-:'r-:'oOoOaI  "" = -vcd.La "" C'lC'I""C'IC'I  .. 1I:><iuad :; 0 1'--C'lQ)r-. :I <II o.JOH to "''''''''''''  '" -douo 00'000 0 00000 0; i UaJKIIU -r--O'" C'I "'tO<o    oOO";o"':ci  -lta.L:> --C'l""C'I I; 0 ..  IIdal! o-a:> C'I O')-O')-  .a!)lI.Lm aloOr-:' 00 oOS;:!,:i BHed" :r "i -. <0.  0.1 !': I O. "i  0>. a>. Kll109 0 =S   '" :>. l>- f IIM.J.:>"";; <ooooor-- 00 <O"'=I"_r--. OJOR icigf ci 000r-:'.n.n -qva..a. C'I ---- .L09" d 000<001'-- 0 00<0....."'<0 >- X I'IH'I va.J. «i«i.n«i'; ...... .n.n<i500 - '" .Hod.L:> .................... ..... "I:t''''tj''''':::t' g <II ea'luau ..........1.1)000 Q <'01'-""0>1'-- OJOH a>001'--1'--Lt:> l{") .....<'0<'0C'1C'1 '" -douo 00000 c" 00000 i Ua)l{Blf -"'=1"1'-0<0 C'I "'..........1.1)<0 :Ii   oOalo"':ci S -vaJ.:> __C'I 0 IIdalf o-ooao "" O'>-CJ)- 9".r.m aioOr-:' 00 aS -BHBd" .. 'XU KHHas "'aoo ao O<oC'<ao '8dx AlIOS 1U.0l'Ia oOm:!;i;i :£ &icii oJ.  " 3 ..8 ". 0= "'"g ",>I ,,» "' :di ;; 8 0'; "' .."  "'0 2<0 "'.. i  Of", 5t v.. ",= :I ",.. 0" 1>-'" .... v: 2..  Eo; III:! ..= =; God 0:" t. , fl 0" .... .." !. .!: :II ..,,"'!. ti:a U' U .... _01: i:S =":1 .. "' .111 .. : fi :Ii .. II 0;:". ",-.. t::U 
OT BhICOThI S).{aHUH H; IHH laB - .l1.JIHHa me.n:e3HO).{0p0)l{HOH If aBTOM06UJIhHOH paMn, M; b aH 17.50 b aB - rrmplfHa >!<eJIe3Ho).{opO)l{HOH If aBTOM06lfJIbHOH paMn, M; b>:, 1JOO b - llmplfHa K03hIphKa Ha).{ )l{e- 12J, JIe3Ho).{0p0)l{HOH If aBTOM06lfJIbHOH paMnaMIf, M; sp, , fn c - CTOIf- .{ MOCTb 1 M 2 nJIol1l.a).{1f paMnbI, KO- 7JO 3hlphKa If 1 M ).{JIlfHhI no).{nopHoH 1 J .j CTeHKIf paMnhl, py6, npHHHMaeTcH Sp = 6+ 10 py6 1M 2 ; 5 11 = 5+ +6 py6 1M 2 ; fn c = 40+60 py6/M. CTOHMOCTb SapH).{HhlX CTaH- UHH ).{JIH 9JIeKTponorpYSQUKOB H 9JIeKTpOTe.n:e)l{eK MO>l<eT 6hITb onpe- ,neJIeHa no rpa<j:>HKaM, npHBe).{eHHhlM Ha plfC. 19 4 CTOHMOCTb (py6.1KM) cTpOHTeJIbCTBa 1 KM BepXHero CTpoeHHH BHYTpeHHHX )l{eJIe3Ho).{op0)l{HblX nYTeH (c yqeTOM pe.n:bcO-liJnaJIhHOH peliJeTKH, 6aJIJIaCTHpOBKH, crpe- J10qHhlX nepeBO).{OB, nepee3.zr.oB, ynopoB, npOTHBoyroHOB, flyreBhIx sHaKoB) onpe.zr.eJIHeTCH no <PoPMYJIe 10 n PHC. 19.4. 3aBHCHMOCTb CTOHMOCTH o(i0PY.I\OBaIlHJI K 06 H "AaHM KlJlI.lIapR)UfoA CTaH- I(HH OT 'IHCJla sapR)UfIol. YCT- pollcn B Hell n (B pac'Ien Ha O)UfO lJapRAHOe yCTpoAcTBO) Ka; = [Ca; ::l: C 1 (0,2h - 4)] a p , (1925) r).{e C m - OCHOBHaH CTOHMOCTb 1 M >l<eJIe3Ho).{opO)l{llOro nYTH, npHHHMaeMaH npH ).{epeBHHHhIX liJnaJIax B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT THna pe.nhCOB (P43, P50, P65), qUCJIa liJnaJI Ha 1 KM nYTH (OT 1440).t0 2000), nma O).{HOCJIO(lHoro OaJIJIaCTa TOJI- lIJ,HHOH 20 CM (necKa, rpaBHH, l1I.e6HH) OT 62 ).{o 88 py6 1M; C 1 - ).{OnOJIHHTeJIbHaH CTOHMOCTb Ha Ka)l{).{ble 5 CM TOJII11.HHhI 6aJIJIaCTa (2-2,6 py6 1M); h - TOJIl1I.HHa 6aJIJIaCTa no).{ nmaJIOH, CM, a p = 1,0+ 1 ,07 - K03<j:><j:>UII.HeHT, 3aBHCH- UJ,Hii OT paiioHa pacnOJIO)l{eHHH npOMhlliJJIeHHOrO npe).t- npHH'HIH. CTOHMOCTb O).{HHOqHOrO ClpeJIOqHOrO nepeBo).{a 2,1- 4,S TblC py6 B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT THna peJIbCa H MapKH ne- peBo).{a CTOHMOCTb nepee3).{a 1,0-2,6 ThlC. py6. npH yrJIe nepeCeqeHHH 30-90° H liJHpHHe 4,5-10,0 M (3).{ecb 11 ).{a. .'lee - no ).{aHHhlM npOMTpaHcHlIHnpoeKTa). CTOI1MOCTb BHYTpeHHHx aBTo).topor liJHpmlOH 7-9 M Ba cYl1I.ecTBYIOUJ,eii Teppl1TOpHH 24-27 ThlC. py6. Ha 1 KM 0YTH. 511 
CTOI1MOCTb 3JIeKTpOB03a npOMblillJl.eHHOrO 22,7-- H 9, I TbiC. pyo, TenJIOB03a MaHeBpoBoro 25,1- 136, I TbIC, pyo CTOI1MOCTb qeTblpeXOCHbIX BarOHOB' KPbl- Iforo - 6,3 TbiC py6, nOJIYBalOHa - 4,7 TbIC. pyo, Dnal$opMbI - 6,4 TbiC. pyo., xonnepa-lJ,eMeHTOB03a - 6.3 TbIC. py6., lJ,I1CTepHbI - 5,8-18,4 TblC py6., BarOHa- caMOC88n8 ().{YMnKapa) - 7,0-7,2 TblC Pyo. CTOHMOCTb 60PTOBbiX aBTOMOOHJIeH rpY30no).{'beMHOCTblO 2-t2 T - 3,6-9,4 TbIC. py6., caMOCBanOB rpy30no).{'beM- HOCTblO 3,5-27 T - 3,8-27,8 TbiC py6. sa I illT, nOJlY- npHu.enOB rpY30no).{'beMHOCTblO 7,5-50 T - 2-10,5 TbIC. py6.. npHnenOB 60pTOBbiX rpY30nO).{'be'vtHOCTblO 2-6,8 T - I- 1,19 TbIC. py6 npl1 peKOHCTpYKIU1H CKJIajJ.CKoro X03HHCfBa npe).{npHHTI1H Hepe).{Ko B03HIIKaeT Heooxo).{HMOCTb pa360pKH CYliI.ecTBYIO- lIJ.HX CICJIa).{OB, 3,IJ.aHHH 11 cooPY)I{eHHH CTOHMOCTb pa360pKH 3AaHI1H 3a I M 3 HX OO'beMa npl1HHMaeTCH KlIpnl1qHbIX 3,IJ.a- HltH 0.9 pYO.lM 3 , ).{epeBHHHblx - 0,7 pyo 1M 3 . CTOHMOCTb pa360pKIi I M 2 accpaJIbTOOeTOHHblX nOKpblTHH aBTo).{opor H nepee3,IJ.OB 0,90 py6.1M 2 . CTOHMOCfb nepeHoca I KM CTOJI60- BOR 1I11hHH CBH3H 200 pyo IKM npH qeTbIpex npOBo).{ax Ii AOnOnHI1TeJIbHO 20 PYO./KM 3a Ka)l{).{YIO napy npOBO).{OB. CTOHMOCTb YKJIa).{KI1 I M BHeillHeH: ceTH Bo).{onpOBo).{a npl1 AHaMeTpe Tpy6 100 MM - 16,3 py6/M, npH ).{HaMeTpe 200 MM - 23,5 pyo 1M, npH ).{HaMeTpe 300 MM - 29,6 py6.1M. CTOI1MOCTb pa360pKH I KM )l{eJIe3Ho).{opO)l{HOrO nYTH 113 peJIbCOB PSO H P43 - 1100 pyo IKM CTOHMOCfb I M ).{JIHHbl 3aw,HTHbIX YCTPOHCTB ).{JI5I O).{HHap- HbiX JIeHTOqHblX KOHBeHepoB C JIeHTOH: illlfpHHOH 800- 1400 MM AMI CKJIa).{oB cblnyqHX rpY30B (no ).{aHHbIM DpOM- 'I'paJlCHI1HnpOeKTa) 3aw,HTHoro K03blpbKa H3 BOJIHHCTbIX ac60u.eMeHTHbiX JIHCTOB - 4,2-8, I py6 1M, Ha3eMHOH: xo- nOAHoii raJIepeH - 115 pyo 1M, aa3eMHOH OTanJIHBaeMOH ranepeH - 181 pyo 1M, nO,IJ.3eMHOH: XOJIo).{HoA raJIepel1- 170 pyo 1M, nO).{3eMHoii OTanJIHBaeMOH raJIepeH - 264 py6 1M. CTOI1MOCTb )l{eJIe306eTOHHOH 3CTaKa,IJ.bl C OnOpa\1H BblCOTOH 6 M - 94 py6 1M HeKOTopble CnpaBoqHble ).{aHHble no CTOI1MOCTH pa3JIl1q- HbiX CKJIa).{OB npHBeAeHbI B TaOJI. 19.10-19.15. Bonee TOqHO KamnanbHble 3aTpaTbi H8 peKoHcTpYKlJ,HIO .D.eHcTBYIOIII.erO H CTpOlfTenbCTBo HOBoro CKJIa).{a onpe.D.eJIHIOTCfI nYTeM co- CT8BJIeHHfI CMeTbI Ha OCHOBaHHH lJ,eHHHKOB H npeH:CKypaH- 'I'OB. 512 
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rpY30B saHHM3eT Ha CKJla.D,e TaKOH >Ke oO'beM, lITO H Bee rpY3bI 3aMeHfIeMOH HM rpynnhi OpH Heo6XO.D,HMOCTH MorYT 6b1Tb npHMeHeHbI .D,pYfHe npHHIJ,HnbI (HanpHMep, a.D,eKBaTH8S1 3arpy3Ka TpaHcnopTHbiX Cpe.D,CTB, rpY30BbIX CKJla.D,CKHX e.D,H- HHI.{ H T. .D,) OO.D,p06HOe onHcaHHe MeTO.D,HKH onpe.D,eJIeHitfI napaMeTpOB rpY30B - THnH4HbIX npe.D,CTaBHTeJIeH HOMeHKJJa- TYPHbIX rpynn, B TOM t1HCJIe C npHMeHeHHeM 3BM, - npH. Be.D,eHO B pa60Tax [26, 27 ] Ha CKJIa.D,aX CbmY1JHX rpY30B OObI4HO nepepa6aTbIBaeTcfI He60JIbillOe t1HCJIO HaHMeHOBaHHH rpY30B (He 60JIee nfITH- IlIecTH) , n03ToMY npH HX npoeKTHpoBaHHH He CQCTaBJlfIeTCfI YKpynHeHHafI HOIeHKJlaTypa rpY30B, a paC4eTbl BbInOJI. HfIlOTCfI npHMeHHTeJlbHO K .D,eHCTBHTeJIbHOH HOMeHKJlaType rp.Y30B, KOTopafI 6Y.D,eT nepepa6a1 bIBaTbCH Ha npoeKTH- pyeMoM CKJla.D,e 3anac xpaHeHHH rpY30B Ha CKJla.D,e (rpalfJa 4 IfJOPMbI 20 1) MO>KeT 6blTb 3a.D,aH B TOHHax, IIlTYKax (HanpHMep, t1HCJIO nOMOHOB, KOHTeHHepoB H Tn.) HJIH B BH.D,e HopMaTHBHoro CpOK8 xpaHeHHH B CYTKax MeTo.l\bl onpe.D,eJleHHfI 3an8COB rpY30B Ha CKJIa.D,e .l\JIfI 3aUOJIHeHHfI 3TOH rpalfJbI npHBe.D,enbl [J £I 20.4. B rpalfJe 5 YKa3b1BaeTCfI 4HCJIO e.D,HHOBpeMeHHo xpanm.u.HxcST HaHMeHOBaHHii rpY30B, KOTopoe MO)f{eT 6blTb MeHbIIle, t1eM o61.IJ,ee 4HCJIO HaHMeHOBaHHH rpY30B, npoxo,AfI- I.IJ,HX t1epe3 CKJla.D, 3a neKoTopbIH nepHO.D, BpeMeHH (HanpHMep, 3a ro.D,). B rpa<t>e 6 YKa3bIBaeTCST BH.D, TpaHcnopTa ()f{eJle3HO- ltOpO>KHhIi%, 3J1eKTpOTeJle)f{KH, nO.l\BecHoi% KOHBeiiep, aBTO- TpaHcnopT H T .D,) H yCJIOBHfI .D,OCTaBKH rpy30B (HanpHMep: 80 % - aBTOTpaHcnopToM B KOHTeHHepax, 20 % - B KPbl- TblX )f{eJIe3HO.D,0p0)f{HbIX BarOHax pocchinblO) B rpa<t>e 7- THn ynaKoBKH rpY30B (STI.IJ,HtlHble HJIH nJlOCKHe nOMOHhI, MeIDKH, 60tlKH, fII.IJ,HKH, OOpeIDeTKa, lfJaHepHbIe 6apa6aHbl, KapToHHbIe KOPOOKH, 6YTblJIH, 6H.D,OHbI, natlKH, CBfI3KH H T .D,) HJIH oe3 ynaKoBKH, H8BaJlOM (HanpRMep, KHpmfll, chInytiHe rpY3bI). B rpalfJax 8 H 9 npHBO.l\fITCST napaMeTpbl THnHtlHOrO npe)l,CTaBHTeJIfI KaJf<.l\oi% rpynnbl rpY30B HJIH .D,eR- CTBHTeJlbHbIe pa3MepbI OT.D,eJIbHbIX MeCT rpY30B, a .D,JIfI ChI- nytlHx rpY30B - 06'beMHaH Macca, T/M 3 B rpalfJe 10 - cpe.l\- HfIST Macca rpY3a Ka>K.D,OH rpynnbI B BarOHe, aBTOMOOlfJIe H T. .D, , a ecJIH rpY3bI OT.D,eJIbHbIX rpynn npH6bIBalOT Kpyn- HbIMH napTHfIMH, - TO H t1HCJIO BarOHOB, H oOl.IJ,aS! Macra rpY3a B rpynne BarOHOB, nO.D,aBaeMOH no.D, pa3rpY3KY. B rpa<Pe 11 .D,aeTCfI KpaTKHH nepetleHb OC06bIX TeXHOJJOrHtle- CKHX OnepaIJ,HH, KOTopbIe HeoOXO.l\HMO BbInOJIHfITb UpH npHeMe rpY30B B CKJIa.D,: B3BeIIlHBaHue, uepectleT, BXOJI:HOH KOHTpOJIb 586 
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MOJKeT 6mb onpel1.eJleHa K3K cpellHeC ,apH!tJ\1emlfCCKoe no IPoPMYJle 1 n q = It  q" i=1 (20.1) rJJ;e n - tfHCJIO Bblt5paHHbIx 3HatfCHHII 3arpY3KH TpaHcnopT- Horo cpC.lI.CTBa rpY30M; q, - i-e SHaqeIfHe 3arpY3KH TpaHC- nopTHoro cpe.ll.CTsa rpY30M I AJlaJlOrHtfHO MO>KeT 6bITb onpe.ll.eJleHO qMCJlO nO.ll.alf Ba. rOHOO K CKJla.ll.y 3a CYTKH, lfHCJIO HaHMeHosaHHH rpY308 8 TpaHcnopTHOH napnm npH6hlTHH HJlH OTnpaBJleHUH S Ba. rOHe, aBTOM06HJle U T. .lI.. OOTHMaJlbHOe lfHCJlO nO.ll.atf Baro- HOS K CKJIa.ll.Y C Y1JeTOM 3aTpaT Ha MaHeBpOBbIe, norpY30tfHO- pa3rpY30lfHbIe pa60TbI H npOCTOH sarOHOB MO)!{eT 6blTb onpe.ll.eJIeHO no MeTO.ll.HKe npO<j> A A CMexona [45, 461 BeJIHlfHHa TpaHcnopTHoH napTHH npU6hITHH HJlU oTnpas- JleHHn rpY30B MO)!{eT 6biTb onpe.ll.eJleHa no .lI.BYM rpynnaM MCTQ.lI.OB: I) C nOMOlI(bIO K03qxpHI.tHeHTa HepaBHoMcpHOCTH k H ; 2) Ha OCHOBe .lI.OBepHTeJIbHOH BeposHHocTH HenpCBbUIJeHHH pa3MepoB TpaHcnopTHoH napTHH. no nepsof! Jpynne MCTO' AOB pa3Mep paclfeTHoft: TpaHcnopTHOH napTHH onpe.ll.eJlHeTCH no $opMYJIe {» = -ii-k Ht r.ll.e  - Cpe.ll.HHH pa3Mep TpaHcnopTHof! napnm, Hbln no <popMYJle (20 I) HJlH no <popMYJle t} = QplT p , (20 2) BbllfUCJIeU- (20 3) r.ll.e Qp - rO.ll.oBoH rpY30n01 OK npU6bITHH rpY30B, TirOl{; T" - 1JHCJlO TpaHcnopTHbIX napnIH, npH6bIBaIOII(HX 3a rOl{ (HanpH'fep, eCJlH onpel{eJIC1CH CpCJJ.HHH CYTOlfIIbIH rpY30- noroK Qc, TO B Ka1JCCTBe To npHHHMacTcS! IfHCJlO .lI.HCH npH- 6b1THH rpY30B 3a ro.ll. Tr = 200+-365) K03<Pq'JHI.{HCHT HcpasHoMcpHOCTH rpY30nOTOKOB qalJHCHT OT Tuna H xapaKTcpa npOH3BO.ll.CTBa npC.lI.npHHTHH-rpY30- OTnpaSHTCJlH, TCXHOJlOrIlH pa60T, Tlwa Ii IIa1IIaqeIIIHl CKJlPl1la, pO.ll.a rpY3a, cnoc06a H YCJlOBllii n-:penOJOK, XdpmHepa H TeXHOJlOrHH pa60T Ha Y1JaCTK3X HJlI1 S ILexaX-OTnpaBlfTeJHIX H r l{. H Mo)!{eT KOJlc6aTbCH B llIHpOKIIX npC.lI.eJIax - OT 1,1 .lI.O 7-8 Ha npaKTHKe 3TOT K03<P<PHI.{HCHT Hepell.KO 3all.aIOT_ npOH3S0.rIbHO, 6C3 .lI.OJl>KHbIX HCCJIClI.OSaHHH 3aKoHoMcpHOCTCiI rpY30noToKa, 1JTO npHBO.ll.HT K CCpi!e3HbIM oum6:<aM B npoeKTe CKJla.ll.a OpH 3TOM PYKOBO.ll.CTBYIOTCH 8 OCHOSHOM H3BCCTHbIMH 3aKOHOMepHOCTHMH C YSCJlH'leHlICM rpY30nOTOKa ero nepas- 588 
lIOMepHOCTb CHH)!{aeTCH; jf{e.ne3HOOpO)!{HbIH TpaucnopT })a. 60TaeT 60JIee paBHOMepHO, lJeM aBTOM06HJIbHblH, Maccoade II KpynHocepHHHoe npOH3BO.D,CTBO «pa60TaeT» 60JIee pHTMHlJHO, lJeM MeJIKOCepfliiHOe H e.D,HHHlJHOe fIpH 3TOM npHHHM81OTo B CJIYlJae npH6bITHH rpY3a Ha )!(eJIe3HO.D,OpmKHOM TpaIlCnOpTe }I npH rO.D,OBOM rpY30nOTOKe Qr = 300+500 TblC T/rb '}I , 60JIee kl) = I, 1  I ,2, npH Qr = 100+300 TblC TlrO.D, /iH'''''' = 1,2+1,3, npH Qr MeHee 100 TblC T/rO.D, kl) = 1,3+:1;5; B cJIyae npH6blTHH rpY30B Ha aBTOM06HJIbHOM TpaHcnopTe k n = 1,3+2 B .D,eiicTBHTeJlbHOCTH npH He60JlbUlHX' rp'Y30- notoKax H npH npH6bITHH He TOJlbKO Ha aBTOTpaHcnopTe, HO }I Ha :>KeJle3HO.D,OpO}KHOM TpaHcnop're kl) MOllieT OCTHraTb 7-8 H 60.'Iee bOJlee TOlJHO B npouecce TeXHHlJeCKOrO oOcJIe.D,OaaHtUJ eikTBYIOUI,ero CKJIa.D,a, B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT HMelOUl,HXC5I' HCXO.D,- HblX .D,aHHbIX, ,Hana npoeKTHpoBaHHH, nOCTaBJIeHHblX 3'a.D,a'l B npoeKTe, Tpe6yeMoH .D,eTaJlH3aUHH TeXHHlJeCKHX pell)Eind K03<pqmUHeHT HepaBHoMepHocTH BHeUlHero rpY30noToKa TlP" 6blTHH (HJIH OTnpaBJleHlU!) rpY30B co CKJla.D,a MO)!{eT (jblTb onpe.D,eJleH O.D,HHM H3 cJIe.D,YIOUI,HX Tpex MeTO.D,OB 1) Ha OCHOBe MaKCHMaJIbHO B03MO}KHOrO rpY30nOTO}{a; 2) C npHMeHeHHM .D,HCnepCHH, Cpe.D,HerO KBa.D,paTHlJecKoro OTKJIOHeHHH H' K5$- <pHll,HeHTa BapHaUHH CJlYtlaHHOH BeJIHlJHHbl; 3) C npHMeHeHHeM K03<P<PHuHeHTa upeBblUleHHH BeJIHtlHHbl Cpe.D,HerO rpy9o. nOTOKa non e p B 0 MY H3 YKa3aHHblX MeTO.D,OB, aHaJlHTHtieCKOMY, K03<P<PHuHeHT HepaBHOMepHOCTH rpY30nOTOKa, npH6blBalO- Ul,ero Ha CKJla.D" onpe)leJIHIOT no <popMYJIe k H = Qc maxiQe, (20 4) r.D,e Qc max - MaKCHMaJlbHblH CYT04HblH rpY30nOTOK, KOTO- pblH Ha6J1IOJJ.aJlCH 3a onpeJJ.eJleHHblH, JJ.OCTaTOlJHO .D,JIHTeJIbHbrii nepHO.D, BpeMeHH (HanpHMep, 3a ro.D,); Qc - Cpe.D,HHH CYTOtl- HhlH rpY30nOTOK, onpe.D,eJIHeMblH no <popMYJIe (20 3) nOHHTHO, t1TO 3TOT MeTO.D, .D,aeT 33BblllleHHoe (MaKCI1MaJIb- Hoe) 3HatleHlie K03qxpHUHeHTa HepaBHOVIepHOCTH, KOTopoe MO)!{eT Ha6J1IO.D,aTbCH B TetleHHe roa t1pe3BbllJaHHO pe.D,KO (HanpHMep, O,Ll,HH-.D,Ba pa3a) bOJIee T04HO H 06OCHOBaHHO K03<P<PHUHeHT HepaBHOMepHOCTH MO}KHO onpe.D,eJIHTb }fa OCHoBe B TOp 0 r 0 H T peT b e r 0 MeTO.D,OB, B KtlTdpblX npHMellHIOTCH TeopHH BepOHTHOCTeH H MaTeMaTHtieCKafl cta- THCTHKa LlJlSl HCnOJIb30BaHHH 3THX MeTO.D,OB He06xo)J.HMO BbI- UHcaTb CTaTHCTlltieCKHe .D,aHHble no rpY30nOTOKY 3a .D,JiHteJrb- 5'8'9 
Rbln nepHO,n: BpeMeHH .lI.ocTaTOtiHaH )J.JIH HH>KeHepHbIX pactle- TOB )J.OCTOBepHOCTb 06ecnetlHBaeTc5I npH t1HCJIe BeJIHtrHH B CTa- THCTHtieCKOH BbI60pKe CBbIwe 50-60 .lI.aJIee CTaTHCTHtieCKHe )J.aHHbIe o6pa6aTbIBalOTc5I no 1fJ0pMe 20 2 4HCJIO HHTepBaJIOB 3HatleHHH CJIYtlaHHOH BeJIHtlHHW rpY30nOTOKa B 3TOH lfJopMe npHHHMaeTC5I k = 8+ 15 (peKoVleH,n:yeTC5I npHHHMaTb k = = 10) Ha4aJIO nepBoro HHTepBaJIa npHHH\1aeTC5I paBHblM MIHHMaJIbHoMY 3HatleHHIO rPY30noTOKa Q; = Qm.n BeJUI- IIHHa HHTepBaJIa onpe,n:eJIHeTC5I no lfJopMYJIe !!.Q = (Qrnax - Qmlo)/k, (20.5) r,n:e Qmax H Qrnln - MaKCHMaJIbHOe H MHHHMaJIbHOe 3Haqe. HH51 CJIytlaHHoH BeJIHtlHHbl B CTaTHCTH4eCKOH I3bl60pKe HatraJJo Kam)J.oro nocJIe,Ll,YlOlll,ero H/nepBaJIa BeJIHtlHH rpy- 30nOTOKOB npHHHMaeTC5I paBHbIM KOHl.{y npe,Ll,bl,n:ylll,ero HHTep- saJIa Q; = Q'i-I KOHel.{ Ka>K,n:oro i-ro HHTepBaJia (KpOMe OOCJIe)J.Hero, k-ro) onpe,Ll,eJl5leTC5I (T/CYT) no lfJopMYJle Q; = Q; + !!.Q, (20 6) r,n:e Qi - HatlaJlbHa51 BeJlHtlHHa i-ro HHTepBaJIa; !!.Q - BenH. t1HHa HHTepBaJIa 3HatleHHH rpY30nOToKa. KOHel.{ nOCJle)J.Hero, k-ro, HHTepBaJia npHHHMaeTC5I paB- HWM MaKCHMaJIbHOH BeJlHtlHHe rpy30noToKa B CTanlCTHtle- CKOH Bbi6opKe: Qk = Qmax. Cpe)J.H5IH BeJIHtlHHa rpY30noToKa B t-M HHTepBaJIe (rpa<pa 3) onpe,n:eJIHeTC5I no <popMYJIe (T/cyr) - 1 ( ' " ) Qi = T Qi + Qi , (20.7) r)J.e Qi H Qi - 3HatreHHR HatlaJia H KOHl.{a i-ro HHTepBaJIa, T/CYT. B rpacpe 4 3anHcaHO t1UCJlO cJlytiaeB nt (H3 061ll,ero t1H<:JIa CJIytraeB B cTaTHCTHtieCKOH Bbi60pKe m), Kor,n:a BeJlHtlHHa rpY30noToKa nonaJia B cOOTBeTCTBYlOlll,HH i-ft HHTepBaJI. CYMMa no :nOH rpa<pe ,n:OJl>KHa 6bITb paBHa 061ll,eMY t1HCJJY BeJIHtlHH B CTaTHCTHtieCKOH Bbl60pKe m B rpalfJe 5 ,n:aHa OTHO- CHTeJlbHa51 t1aCTOTa Ii nona)J.aHH5I CJIY4aHHOH BeJIHtlHHbI rpY30nOTOKa B cooTBeTcTBYlOlll,HH i-A HHTepBaJl: fi = n/m, B rpa<pe 6 - HaKOnJIeHHa51 OTHOCHTMbHa51 4aCTOTa F, no- na)J.aHH5I CJIytlaHHoA BeJIHtlHHbI B l-H HHTepBaJl, HatlHHaR 0'1' nepBoro )J.O i-ro HHTepBaJia BKJIlOtlHTeJIbHO, I F i = 1J fj = F 1 _ 1 + ft. (20.8) 1=1 590 
"" ..  co  t! :   2 I  g::s I .. J ., - ...-  :.: = :;: «S 1"1 .0 «s... l1li <I> :;; 0=  ;>'l1li Cou ,,<I> :r = = ... ti = =... Co... <I> ... :to U   III ... «Su CoO <I> = =:;; «So "'Co =<1> <I> III :I: ;,.{ -& -&l1li !Bu l1li... =  0 = ..   go:! 010 = Q. C :a c; IJ:::c:c_ .,«= "'''D' :<   I c5:; '"10' ....R, _... : + :   7 t 0", =g k..... :1:'" o o q "'. g :5" ",.;t t;;:11  t : ..., 0"  ",0; ! o (tI ILl _ t!i:t: ;g:m "'" I': /I ;r ...- '"., ::: - ;IO' ",=.. u: '0, I ", -,f,HUH elf". 1 _ -daIIH 'N .... C'I .  59J 
no B TOp 0 M Y H3 nepelfHCJIellHblX B'bllIIe MeTO!{OB onpe- )J.MeHUSI Kos$I>HLr:HeHT HepaBHOII/ICpHoC1'R (C' npHMeHeHH.eM )J.HCnepCHH, Cpe)l,HeKBa)l,paTHqerKOrO OTKJIOHeHHH H KOS<fJcf>H- l{ReHTa aapHaLr:HH) onpe)l,eJIHeTCH no (0pMYJIe k ll = 1 + v [Q], , (O 9) r)l,e tJ [Q] - Kos$l>HLr:HeHT BapHaLl.HII rpY30noToKa,' tbIqrfO.- JlReMbiR no <fJopMYJIe (.I[Q] = a[Ql/M [Q]. Cd.ld) ( .. B STOR <tx>pMYJIe a [Q] - Cpe)l,Hee KBa)l,paTHllecItoe OTKJIO- HeHRe, KOTopoe OnpeJl.MHeTCH no <fJopMYJIe a[Q] = y DIQ ), (20 11) r)l,e D [Q I - Jl.HCnepCHH CJIyqaffHOH BeJIHqHHbI rpY30nClTbKa. ORa MO>KeT 6b1Tb BblqHCJleHa no )l,aHHbIM <fJOPMbI 20.2 Rei 6tiio. BaRHH <fJoPMYJlbI t I k ., D (QI = E IQI - M [QJl2 flf .. (20.i2) 1=1 rJl.e k - IlHCJlO HHTepBaJIOB 3HaqeHHH cJlyqaHHOH BeJIHqHHbI CYTOqHOrO rpY30nOTOKa; QI - CpeJl.HRH BeJIHqHHa rpIY;Q'no- TOKa 8 i-M HHTepBaJIe, M [Q) - MaTeMaTHqeCKOe O>KlWa- HHe (cpe.L{HHH BeJIHqHHa) rpY30nOTOKa, KOTopoe MO>Ker qbITb onpe)l,eJIeHO no O)l,HOH H3 cpOPMYJI. I m M [Q] = - E Qi> m 1=1  M [Q] = E CUi' (20 13); (20 14) 1=1 B STHX BbIpa>KeHHHX Q} - OT;J.eJIbUbIe 3HaqeIIHH t.PY30' n010Ka B CTaTHCTHqeCKOH BbI60pKC; In - 06rn.ee IlHCJIO STHK 3HalleHHH B BbI60pKe; QI - CpC)I,HCe 3HaQCHHe rpyaOfJQTQKa B i-M HHTepBaJIe; {/ - OTHOCI1TeJIbHas:I qaCTOTa nOntl.aHHH 3HalleHHH rPY30nOTOKa B i-H I1HTepBaJI no T peT b e MY 113 nepeQHCJICHHhlX BbIlIIe MeTOJl.OB onpe- )l,eJIeHHH K03cpcpHLl.HeHTa HepaBIIOMepHOCTI1 rpY30nOT8Ka (c npHMeHeHHeM K03cp<fJHlI.l1eHTa npeBbIlIIeHHH CpeJl.Hem' rpy- 30nOTOKa), pa3pa60TaHHoro O. B. MaJIIIKOBbIM, STOll- K03cfJ- $HlI.HeHT onpe)l,eJIHeTCH no cpopMYJIe k K = 1 + e [Q I, (20.15) rJl.e e [Q] - K09cp<fJIilI.HeHT npeBblIlle'H'HH Cpe)l,HerO 'rpY30, nOTOKa, yqHTbIBaIOrn.1iH He Bce OTKJI'OKeHHH CJIyqalrfIbIX 3Ha. 592 
'leItH" f'jJy30IIOTOKa O'l' pe.n:HeH BeJIIi'lHHbf, a TOJIbKO B Q941b- mYI9- GT Hee CTOPOHY, 1 \ 8 [Q] = M (QJ "t (QtJ - M [QJI P (QtJ); (20.16) i - HOMep nepBoro HHTepBaJIa, JJ.JIH KOToporo rPY30noToK ObUi o01lbwe MaTeMant'leCKOrO O}!{H){aHHH M (Q J; Q"  3Haqeffne rpY30n01'OKa, KOTopoe OKa3aJIOCb OOJIbWe, tleM" M {Q h P (QTl) - BepOflTHOCTb nOHBJIeHH5I BeJIH'IHHbI rp.y.ao. - nOTOKa Q-tJ' ee oepYT H3 <j:>OpMbI 20 2 KaK OTHOCHTeJIbHYIO '1a- CTOTY {, JJ.JIH Tex HHTepBaJIOB 'YJ = i, i + 1, ,k, JJ.JIH KO- 10pblK Q, > M [Q I. . TPeTIfH MeTOl{ onpe){eJIeHHH K03cpcpHuHeHTa HepaBHoMep- HOCT" HaHOOJIee TO'leH, nOCKOJIbKY B HeM Y'IHTbIBaIOTCH OTKJIO- aeHHR CJIY'IaIHbIX 3IfaqeIIHH TOJIbKO B OOJIbWYIO OT cpeJJ.HeH BCJUf'lffHbI CTOPOIIY, '1TO H HeOOXOJJ.HMO BCer){a 3HaTb .npH npoeKTlfpOBaHHI! CKJIaJJ.OB BWf}-aH rpynna MeTOl{OB BbI1JHCJIeHHH pa3Mepon 'tpaHC- nopTHoif napTHH rpY30B OCHOBaHa Ha TOM, 1JTO K03<p<pHUHeHT HepaBHOMepHOCTH HBJlHeTC}I TOJIbKO npOMe.m:YTO'fHOH BeJIIf- lIHOOH If n03TOMY ero onpel{eJIeHrte npH npoeKTHpOBalU1H CfUfltAOO HeOOH3aTeJIbHO B03\10.m:HO HenocpeJJ.CTBemlOe onpe- JJ.enelffie paC'feTHOW BeJ1H'IHHbI TpaHcnopTHOH napTH.ij. r,py- 308, 6<:'3 npeJl,BapHTeJIbHOrO BbI'fHCJIeHHH K03<PcpHUHe.IrITa J{e- '-lI'BKaMepHOCTH B 3T0\1 CJIY'fae TaK.m:e HCnOJIb3YeTCH <fJopMa 20 2-H, KpOMe Toro, l{OJIIKHa ObITb 33){aHa JJ.OBepHTeJlb- HR SepOSITHOCTb [PJ Toro, 1JTO rpY30nOTOK He npeBbICMT PdCTleTHOH BeJIH'IHHbI Q'" (l{JIH OObI'fHbIX liH.m:eHepHbIX pac- 'feTon peKOMeHl{yeTcfl npHHHMaTb [PJ = 0,95). 3aTeM B <fJopMe 202 HaXOJJ.HT TaKoH i-it HHTepBaJI, JJ.JIH KOToporo B ra 6 HahOnJIenHa51 OTHOCHTeJIbHaH 'faCTOTa F, OKa3bI- B,lerc.R 60JIbIIle il.ORepHTeJlbHOH Bep05ITHOCTH [P J, T. e. ){O- B\.>f.mTeJlbHa5J BepOHTHOC1 b l{OJI.m:Ha nonaCTb B npoMe.m:YTDK }C ){BYMH COCell.HHMH 31Ia'leHIUIMH HaKOnJIeHHOH OTHOCH- Te,'1bftOH 1JaCTOTbI F 1-1 If F if (P] E [Pi-I; Pi]' (QO.l?) JI.a.nee cpa3Y Onpe){eJIfllOT paC'IeTHYIO BeJIH'IffIlY CYTOq- Horo f'pY30nOTOKa Q* no <j:>opMYJIe JIHHeHHOH HHTepOJIHUHH Q -I< - F, - [PI - - = Q'-1 + Fi _ F i _ 1 (Q, - Q'-I), (20.18) rJJ.e QI-h Q, - Cpe){HHe 3HaqeHHH rpY30nOToKa B (i - 1)-M H i-M uHTepBaJIaX (rpa!.t>a 3 q>OpMbI 20.2). 693 
f  PHC 20 1 rp84JHK ROpM8J1bHOrU pacnpep.e.leHHR nJlOTHOCTH f coIy',ail- Hoil IIUH'IHHbI rpY30nOTOKA 'I [(1- H8H60Jlee lIepOSlTHoe 3Ha'IeHHe rpY30- I1OTOK8. npH KOTOpOM RJlOTHOCTb f M8KCHM8J1bH8; U (P) - KB8HTHJlb HOpM8J1bHOrO pacnpe)\eJleIlHSI] w J,O 4,0 11(/1) PHC 20 2 3allHcHMoCTb H8)\eJIIHOCTH OL\eHKH [p] cJlyqailHOil IleJlH"HH'" n8pa- MeTpa CKJla)\8 (UanpHMep. BeJlH'!HH'" CYTo"Horo rpY30noToK8 'I) OT HOpMHpO- 118RHoro OTIIJIOHeHHSI (KBaHTHJlSI) U (P) np" HOpMaJlbllOM pacllpe.a.eJleHHH OpH HOpManbHOM pacnpeAeeHHH cnyqaHHOH BeHqHHW TpaHCnOpTHOH napTHH npH6blTHH (HH OmpaaneHHH) ee paCtieTHoe 3HatleHHe TaK)Ke MO.m:eT 6WTb OnpeAeneHO Heno- cpeJ{CTBeHHO, 6es BWqHCneHHH K03<pqml{HeHTa HepaBHO- MepHOCTH, no <PopMye {) = 6- + u (P) 0' [60], (20.19) r)l.e -6- - cpeAHee 3HaqeHHe TpaHcnopTHoH napTHH, onpe}.le- HeMoe no <popMynaM (20 13), (20 14); u (P) - KBaHTIWb HopManbHoro pacnpeJ{eeHHH, 3_aBHCHill,HH OT AOBepHTeJIb- HOH BepoHTHoCTH [P ]; 0' ('&) .- cpeJ{HeKBaJ{paTHqecKoe OTKnOHeHHe BeJIHqHHbl TpaHcnopTHoH napTHH, onp eJ{en He- Moe no <popMYJIe (20 II). KBaHTHnb HopManbHoro pacnpeJ{eneHHH U (P) - 3TO 6e3- pa3MepHaH BenHqHHa, nOKa3WBalOill,aH, Ha KaKOM tlHCJIe «CHrM» 0' [{)] B Ka)KAYro CTOPOHY OT l{eHTpa pacnpeJ{eneHHH pacnonaraeTcH rpaHHl{a nnorn.aAKH, cOOTBeTCTBYIOrn.eu 3a- }.laHHoH AOBepHTenbHoH BepoHTHoCTH [P] B COCTaBe 06rn.eH norn.aAH, OrpaHHqeHHOH KpnBoH HopManbHoro pacnpeAe- eHHH H npHHHMaeMoH 3a eAHHHu.y (pnc 20 I) )J,51 onpe- AeneHHH KBaHTHH HopManbHoro pacnpeAeneHHH U (P) B 3a- BHCHMOCTH OT 3aAaHHoH AOBepHTeJIbHOH BepOSITHOCTH (PJ MO.m:HO Hcnonb30BaTb rpa<pHK, nOKa3aHHblH Ha pHC 202. <l>opMyna (20 19) MO)KeT 6blTb npHMeHeHa B Tex cnyqaHX, . KorAa nnOTHOCTb pacnpeAeneHHH cnyqaHHOH Bem1qHHW TpaHcnopTHoH napTHI1 (KoTopaH COOTBeTCTByeT tlaCTOTe no- na)l.aHHH It cnytlaHHwx 3HatleHHH rpY30noToKa B HHTep. 594 
BaJi [Qt, Q{J B £jmpMe 20 2) 6JI1i3Ka K 3HaqeHHHM, nOJIyqae- MblM no q,opMYJIe HOpMaJIbHOrO pacnpe.ll.e.neHHH, f =  e- (Q,_Q)2j(2a [Q]2) ( 2020 ) I lIzna[QI ' r.ll.e (J [Q] - Cpe.ll.HeKBa.ll.paTHqeCKOe OTKJIOHeHHe BeJIHqHHbI rpY30noToKa OT MaTeMaTHqeCKOrO o.m:H.lI.aHHH, e - OCHOBa- HHe HaTypaJIbHOrO JIOrap!HpMa (qHCJIO 2,718); QI - TeKY- ll\He 3HaqeHHH rpY30rroToKa (rrpHMeHHreJIbHO K <l>opMe 202 3TO CpeJI,HHe 3HaqelIHH B HHTepBaJiaX QI), Q - a6cLr:HCCa MaKCHMaJIbHOH qaCTOTbl rrOrra.ll.aHHH CJIyqaHHblX BeJIHqHIt Q, B i-H HHTepBaJi [Q;; Q;] - CM pHC 20 1 MeTO.ll.HKa rrpoBepKH COOTBeTCTBHH pacrrpe.ll.e.neHHH CYTOq- Horo rpY30rroToKa HOpMaJIbHoMY 3aKOHY npHBe.ll.eHa B crre- Lr:HaJIbHOH JIHTepaType npH 60JIbIllHX rpY30rroToKax (Qr >- >- 300+400 TbIC T!rO.ll.) IlOpMaJIbHOe pacrrpeJI,eJIeHHe CYTOq- HOro rpY30rroToKa Mo.m:eT npHHHMaTbC'H 6e3 JI,orrOJIHHTeJIbHOH rrpOBepKH MeTO.ll.HKa nepeCqeTa K03<1><I>HLr:HeHTa HepaBHo- MepHOCTH C .lI.eikTBYIOll\erO 06'beKTa-aHaJIOra Ha HOBbI" rrpoeKTHPyeMblH CKJla.ll., B KOTOpOH: HCrrOJIb3yeTcH MaTeMaTH- qecKaH CTaTHCTHKa, .lI.HqxpepeHLr:HaJIbHOrO HCqHCJIeHHH Ii Me- TO.ll.a rpa.ll.HeHTOB rrpHBeJI,eHa B pa60Te [27] DpH <l>opMHpoBaHHH HCXO.ll.HblX .lI.aHHblX .lI.JIH npoeKTHpo- BaHHH CKJIa.ll.a pe.m:HMbI pa60TbI yqaCTKOB norpY3KH H pa3- rpY3KH )KeJIe3HOJI,Opo.m:Horo TpaHcnopTa npHHHMaIOTCH: qHCJlO CYTOK pa60TbI B ro.ll.Y Tr = 365 CYT, qliCJlO CMeH pa- 60TbI B CYTKH nOM = 2, rrpO.ll.OJI)KHTeJIbHOCTb pa60TbI CMeHbI TOM = 12 II .QJIH yqaCTKOB rrorpY3KH H pa3rpY3KH aBTO- Mo6HJIbHOrO TpaHcrropTa. rrpH nepeB03Kax rpY30B Ha CKJIa.ll.bI )Ke.ne3HO.ll.0p0)KHOH: CTaHLr:HH HJIH C 3THX CKJIaJI,OB Ha rrpo- MblWJIeHHOe rrpeJI,npHHTHe Tr = 365 CYT HJIH Tr = 305 cyr, nOM = 1, TOM = 12 II; B JI,PYrHX CJIyqaHX Tr = 260 CYT, nOM = 1 HJIH nOM = 2, TCM = 8 'I Pe)KHMbI paooTbI 30HbI xpaHeHHH rpY30B H .lI.pyrHx yqaCTKOB CKJIa.ll.a rrpHHHMalOTCft B COOTBeTCTBHH C pe)KHMaMH pa60TbI rrpOH3BO.ll.CTBeHHbIx yqaCTKOB If Lr:eXOB, C KOTOpbIMH CBH3aH CKJIa.ll. rpY30rrOTo- KaMR rrpH6bITHH HJIH OTrrpaBJIeHHH rpY30B (06bIqHO Tr = = 260 CYT, no" = 2, TCM = 8 'I) 203 BWSOP MECTA PAcrrOnOEHH CKnAA Pa3Mell\eHHe CKJIa.ll.oB cYll\eCTBeHHo BJIHHeT Ha BCIO cxeMY rpY30noToKoB H 3arpY3KY TpaHcrropTa, Ha 3KTHBHOCTb ero pa6oTbI, Ha 06ll\YIO KOMnOHoBKY reHepaJlbHOrO nJiaHa 595 
npe)l.IIpH, f!TIIi'I npOH3BO,lJ,CTBeHHOrO Kopnyca, u:exa, yqaCTKB, Ha apXMTeKTypHble, KOHCTPYKTHBHbIe If 06'beMHO-n.naimpo- BOQHble peWeHHH BOJ1bWaf! pa36poCaHHOCTb H MaJ1bIe pa3MepbI 'ci<:naAOB He TOJIbKO yCJ1mKHHIOT BHYTpH3aBO)l.CKHe, BHYTpm1.e'ioBbIe, BHYTpHCHCTeMHble TpaHcnopTHbIe CBH3H Ha npOMbIillJl'eflHOM npe)l.npHHTHH H Y)l.OpmKaIOT CTpOHTeJ1bCTBO, HO H 3afpy)l.- HHIOT <pOpMHpOBaHHe e)l.HHOrO H COBpeMeHHoro apXHTt\<TYP Horo 06HKa npOMblWJIeHHOrO npe)l.npHHTHH, KOMriilIfr'HOit nJ1aHllpOBKH u:exon H 3aBO)l.OB B u:eJ10M. B YCJIOBHHX C1eCH€m- HOH 3aCTpOHKH CYIlI.eCTBYIOIlI.HX npe)l.npM HTHH OOJ1bfiJoi\" 3KO- HOMHqeCKHH 3<p<peKT )l.aeT CTpOHTeJIbCTBO O)l.H03TaX{Hwl JKJJa- AOB, KOTopble MorYT 6bITb peweHbI a COBpeMeHHbIX ap'xeK- TypHblX <popMax J' Pa3MeIll.eHHe CKJ1a)l.CKorO X03HikTBa - KOMnJ1eKCHaH 'hpo- 6J1eMa, BKJIlOqalOIlI.aH B ce6H TaKHe BonpOCbl, KaK nplitTpaH- CTBeHHoe pacn0J10.m:eHHe CKJ1a)l.OB Ha npOMbIWJ1eHHOH nJlO- IlI.il)J,Ke npe)l.npHH1IlH npH pa3HbiX THnax, xapaKTepe " MOIll.- HOCTH npOH3BO)l.CTBa, CTeneHb npJr6JIH.m:eHHH CKJ1a)l.OB pa3Horo Ha3HaqeHHH K MeCTaM BbIIIOJ1HeHHH TeXH0J10rHqeCKHX 'Onepa- U:HH, He06xo)l.HMbIe 06'beMbI CKJIa)l.HpOBaHHH rPY30B H3 pa3- HbIX CKJ1a,lJ,aX, CTeneHb OO'be)l.HHeHHH (IJ.eHTpaJIH3au,J1HY'HJIff pq3YKPynHeHHH CKJIa,lJ,OB; YCJIOBHH u:eJ1eC006pa3HOCT}( 6JIO- KHponaHHH CKJ1a)l.OB )l.Pyr C )l.pyroM H C OCHOBHbIMH npOM- BO)l.CTBeHHbIMH KOp nycaMH, apXHTeKTYPHbIe H KOHCTpyKltMB- Hble peweHlIH B CJ1yqaHX 6J10KHpOBaHHH CKJ1a)l.OB; BJHif!t\Ke TpaHcnopTHO-nJIaHHpOBOqHbIX cxeM H CneIJ.H<pHKH pa(,)6TI>I BHeUlHero H BHYTpH3aBO)l.CKOro TpaHcnopl a, MOIll.HoctM H CTPYKTypbI rpY30nOTOKOB Ha pa3MerneHHe CKJ1a)l.OB; OC06eH- HOCTH pa3MeIll.eHHH CKJ1a)l.CKOro X03HikTBa B YCJ10BHHX 'pe- KOHCTPYKIJ.HH, paCWHpeHHH H TeXHHqeCKOrO nepeBoopyme- HHH npe)l.npHHTHH H T )I. )1,J1H Toro qTo6bI npHHHTJ> np.a- BHJ1bHOe, OOOCHOBaHHoe peweHHe no 3TOMY Bonpocy, Heo6- XOJI.HMO PYKOBO)l.CTBOBaTbCH eJI.HHbIM KpHTepHeM TaKfIM e)l.H- HbIM 0606w.a1OIlI.HM KpHTepHeM, 06w.enpHHHTbIM npH npoeK- THpOBaHHH H npH OnTH\1H3dILHH 1'eXIIHlIE'CKIIX C'IICTCM, HB- J1 >leTCH MHHHMYM CYMMapHbIX npIlI3e)l.ClIllhlX 3al pa r O)l.HaKO QHCJ10 cpaBHHBaeMblX no TeXHHKO-3KOHOMHQeCKHM nOI{aSa- TeJ1HM BapHaHTOB pa3Mew.eHHH CKJIa)],OB He )l.OJ1.m:HO ObITb CJ1HWKOM 60JIbWHM (He 60JIee )l.Byx-Tpex) Il03ToMY )I.JIH u:eJ1eHanpaBJ1eHHOrO oT60pa J1YQWHX, nO-BH)l.HMOMY, 'BapHaH- Ton )I.J1H nOCJ1eJI.YIOIlI.erO HX cpaBHeHHH no npHBeJI.eHHI!IM 3a- TpaTaM HeOOXOJI.HMO 3HaTb H PYKOBO)l.CTBOBaTbCH OCHOBHbIMH 3aKOHOMepHOCTHMH BJ1HHHHH OT)l.eJ1bHbIX TeXHHQeCKHX pewe- 596 
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3 p" 20 4 COBMeTHaA KOMnOHOBKa 10rpY3o'lHo-pa3rpY30'IHoro Y'IaCTKa / R BblCOTHoro aBTOMaTlilleCKoro CKJlaAa 2 C MHOrOtiTa)ICH'bIM npOll3BOJl,CTSCHHblM KopnYOM 3, Oei\HHeHHblM co CKJlaAOM neperpY30'lHblMH YCTpoilcTBaMH 4 9KOHOMHIO KanHTaJIbHbIX 3aTpaT Ha CTpOHTeJIbHOH qaCTH CKJIa)J.CKHX H npOH3BO)J.CTBeHHbIX 3)J.aHHH; COKpaIll.eHHe Tep- pHTOpHH npe)J.npHHTHH II 9KOHOMHIO B CBH3H C 9THM KamnaJIb- HblX 38TpaT Ha ero CTpmlTeJIbCTBO; ynpOIll.eHHe BHYTpH3aBO)J.- CRUX rpY30nOTOKOB Me)K)J.y u.exaMII H CKJIa)J.aMH; B03MO}!{HOCTb ROMnJIeKCHOH MeXam13au.HH H aBTOMaTH33L1.IIH Bcex CKJIa)J.- \ \ 0) 2) 6) PdC 20::; BapHaH rbl pacno..'IO]KeHHR CTeJlJlaJK:HblX ClLJlaJl,OB no OTHoweliHIO :( npo- H300ACTBeHHoMY Kopnycy a - B OT)\eJlbHO CTOAlI\eM 3AaHHH, (f - BHyrpH n\>0"3- BOAc.TseHHoro Kopnyca t ocnau,eHHoro MOCTOBbiM KpaHoM, B 6J10Ke C o.Q,H():JTaJK. HbiM (a) H MUOrOaraJKHblM (l) npOH3BOACTBeHHblM KopnycoM 599 
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H )(pytnx <fJaKTopoB OpHMepbl paCnOJlO)KeHIHI aBTOM8TH3H- pOBaHHblX CKJla)l.OB B cocraBe rH6KUX 3BT01\1aTH3HpOB3HHblX npOH3BO)l.CTB npUBe)l.eHbI Ha puc 20 6. 204 OnPEtnEHHE 3AnACOB fPY30B H nOTPEBHOfI BMECTHMOCTH CKnAA OpH npOeI{THpOBaHIIH MexaHu3upOBaHHb1X H 3BTOMaTH- 3HpOB3HHbiX CKJla)l.OB O)l.HHM H3 nepBbIx H OCHOBHbIX BOnpOCoB HBJlHeTCH 060CHOB3HHblH BbI60p BeJlH1JHHbI CKJla)l.CKHX 3ana-_ COB rpY30B 1 Ha e)l.HHOBpeMeHHOe XpaHeHUe KOTOPbIX P3CC1JH- TbIBaeTCH CKJla)l., nOCKOJlbKY OT ::HOrO 33BHCHT BCe OCTaJlbHble TeXHH1JeCKHe peIlJeHHH no CKJl3)1.Y 3anac rPY30B H3 CKJla)l.e )I.0,'1)KeH 6blTb MHHHMaJlbHO He06xo)l.HMbIM )I.J1H TOro, 1JT06b1 3aTparbI Ha coopY)KeHHe CKJla)l.a 6bIJlH HaHMeHbIlJHMH HaH- 60Jlee «3<fJ<fJeKTuBHbI1\1» CKJl3)1.0M CJle)l.yeT C1JHTaTb TaKOH, KOTO- pbIH H1\1eeT MHHHMaJlbHYIO BMeCTHMOCTb U B TO )Ke BpeMH 06ecne1JIIBaeT npueM Bcex npu6bIBaIOw.ux rpy30B U 6ecnepe- 60fmoe cHa6)KeHHe npOH3BO)],CTBeHHbIX Y1JaCTKOB H IJ,eXOB xpaHHw.HMHCH H3 HeM rpY33MH B HY)KHOe BpeMH H B HY)KHbIX KOJlU1JeCTBaX OT BeJlH1JHHbI 3anaCOB rpY30B 3aBHCHT P33- Mepbl CKJla)],a, IlJHpHHa H BbICOTa IlJTa6eJleH CbmY1JHX rpY30B, 1JHCJlO H1JeeK B CTeJlJl3)KaX Ha CKJla)],ax IlJTY1JHbIX rpY30B, KanHTaJlbHbIe 3aTpaTbI, 3KcnJlyaTaIJ,HOHHbIe P3CXO)l.bI H npH- Be)],eHHbIe 3aTpaTbI, MUHH1\1YM KOTOpbIX HBJlHeTCH Hau60Jlee 061>eKTHBHbIM KpHTepHeM OnTHMaJlbHOCTH CKJla)l.a BMeCTHMOCTb 30HbI xpaHeHHH CKJla)],a )I.0Jl)KHa 6b1Tb BbI6paHa TaKOH, 1JT06bI B HeH nOMew.aJlCH BeCb paC'leTHbIH 3anac rpY30B C )I.0BepHTe,'1bHOH BepOHTHOCTbIO [P] (peKO- MeH)l.yeTcH npHHHM3Tb [P] = 0,95) OpHMeHHIOTcH )I.Ba OCHOBHbIX cnoc06a onpe)l.eJleHHH BeJlH1JHHbI CKJla)l.CKHX 3a- naCOB rpY30B H nOTpe6HoH BMeCTHMOCTH CKJla)l.a Ha OCHOBa- HUH HopMaTHBHbIX CpOKOB xpaHeHHH rpY30B H no MeTO)l.aM TeopHH CKJla)l.CKHX CHCTeM - KaK CJlY1JaHHOe C01JeTeHl1e rpy- 30nOTOKOB npHeMa H BbI)l.a1JII rpY30B C Y1JeTOM y)Ke HMeIOw.e. rOCH 3anaca rpY30B Ha OCHOBaUHH HopMaTHBHbIX CpOKOB xpaHeHUH BeJlH1JHHa 3anaca rpY30B H nOTpe6HOH BMeCTHMOCTH CKJla)l.a (T) onpe- )I.eJlHeTCH no <fJopMYJle k n E = 36  Qi [TxP]h (20.21) L=1 r)l.e k z = 1,05+1,3 - K03<MmIJ,IIeHT HepaBHoMepHocTH 3a- naCOB, Y1JUTbIBaIOw.HH cJlY1JaHHble KOJle6aHHH CKJlaACKUX 601 
3anaCOB rpY30B (KOJHllIeCTBa rpY30B, elfHOBpeMeHHO HaXO- HW.HXCH B 30He XpaHeHIHI CKJIaa), B03HHKalOw.He B peaYJIb- TaTe CJIYlIaijHblx COlleTaHHll CyTOIlHblX rpY30nOTOKOB "PH- 6bITHH H OTnpaBJIeHHH rpY30B co CKJIaa; n - IIHCJIO HO- MeHKJIaTypHbIX rpynn rpY30B C pa3HbIMH cpOKaMH xpaHe- HHH Ha CKJIae; Q! - rOOBOll rpY30nOTOK i-H HOMeHKJIa- TYPHOll rpynnbl, T/ro; [TxP]1 - HOpMaTHBHblll CpOK xpa- HeHHH Ha CKJIae rpY30B i-ll rpynnbI, CYT HopMaTHBHbIe CpOKH xpaHeHHH rpY30B JIH pa3HbIX rpynn rpY30B H THnOB CKJIaOB npHBeeHbI B Ta6JI 20 1- 20 3 Ha TeXHOJIOmlleCKHX (uexoBbIx) CKJIaaX 3anac rpY30B npHHIIMaeTCH Ha 1-3 CYT 3TOT MeTO paclIeTa CKJIaCKHX 3anaCOB II BMeCTHMOCTH CKJIaOB HeOCTaTOIlHO TOlleH, TaK KaK OH TOJIbKO opHeHTHpoBOIlHO YIlHTbIBaeT CJIYllallHbIe npo- UecCbI <fJopMHpoBaHHH CKJIaCKHX 3anaCOB (c nOMow.blO K09<fJ- <fJHUHeHTa k z ) 60JIee TOIlHblll MeTO onpeeJIeHHH CKJIaCKHX 3anaCOB rpy30B, pa3pa60TaHHbIll 0 6. MaJIHKOBbIM B «MeToHllecKHx YKa3aHHHX no npoeKTHpOBaHHIO CKJIaOB», OCHOBaH Ha npH- MeHeHliH TeopHM BepoHTHocTell H MaTeMaTHllecKoll CTaTH- CTMKH CYW.HOCTb ero COCTOHT B TOM, IlTO paClleTHaH BeJIH- IlHHa CKJIaCKHX 3anaCOB rpY30B onpeeJIHeTCS1 KaK n-e CJIyqallHOe c06bITHe, npeCTaBJIHIOIII.ee C060ll HeKOTopoe CO- qeTaHHe CJIYllallHbIX BeJIHlIHH CYTO'IHOrO npH6bITHS1 Qn H BbIallH QB rpY30B CO CKJIaa, In = 10 + Q - Q'j, (20 22) re 'n - BeJIHlIHHa CKJIaCKOro 3anaca npH noM COlleTaHHH BCJIHlIHH rpY30nOTOKOB npHeMa H BbIa'IH rpY30B co CKJIaa; 10 - HeKOTopbIll HallaJIbHbIll HJIH CTpaXOBOll 3anac BepOS1THOCTb Toro, liTO Ha CKJIae 6YeT COep>KaTbCH n-S1 BeJIHlIHHa 3anaCOB rpY30B In' onpeJl.enS1eTCS1 no <popMyne P (I = In) = P (Qi) P (Q'j), n = I, kl, i = l.k: j =  (20 23) re P (Q) - BepOHTHOCTb TOro, tfI'0 Ha CKna npH6yeT Q rpY30B; P (Q) - BepOS1THOCTb Toro, 'ITO co CKJIaa 6YeT BbIaHO Qi rpY30B B Kallec1 Be HCXOHbIX aHHbIX JIH onpeeJIeHHS1 paClIeT- HOH: BeJIH1J:MHbI CKnaCKHX aanaCOB rpY30B aa.lJ.alOTCH pacnpe- 602 
T a 6 JI H U a 20 1. HOPMaTHBHWe CpoKH xpaHeHHR rpY30B (cyr) R8 CKJI8A8X MarepHanbHO-reXHH'leCKoro cHafi)l\eHHR npoMwwJJeHHWX npe)!.- npHRrHi 3anacbI rpY30B npR He- I 3anacbI rpY30B nOCPeACTBeHHOM nocTyn- npH nocTynne- neHRR OT nOCTaBIQHKa HRH co CKn8,/{- CKoA (5a3b1 fpY3 npH npOH3BO,/{CTBe I ""I IU' .=0.1 cepH A- HOM R cepuA- HOII u BOM HOM MMKo- HOII MMKo- cepHA- cepBiI- HOM IICII MeTaJIJIOnpOKar qepHhlii 25 30-40 40-50 15-20 20-25 OrJlHBKH, nOKOBKH, wraM- 20-25 25-30 30-45 15-20 20-25 nOBKH, MeTH3h1 I.I.BerHhle MeTaJlJIhI 25-30 30-40 40-50 15-20 20-25 KOMnJIeKTYIOUJ.He H3)1.e- 20-25 25-30 30-45 20-25 25-30 JIHB HHCTpYMeHT nOKynHoil, 40-50 50-70 70-90 20-25 25-30 a6pa3HBhI 3anacHble qaCTH K o60py- 40-50 10-20 )l.OBaHHIO, npH60pbl, 9JIeK- rpO)l.BHrareJJH ApMaTypa, !fJHTHHrH, - - - 15-20 20- 25 9JIeKTpOTeXHH1JeCKHe Ma- Tep HaJIhI, KO:IKeBeHHble H3- )!.eJlHB Pa)l.HOTeXHH1JeCKHe H3)1.e- 20-25 25-30 30-45 15-20 20-25 JIHB TeKCrHJIb, 6YMara, Kap- 20-25 25-30 30-40 20-25 25-30 rOH KaHueJIHpCKHe TOBapbl, - - - 20-25 20-25 cneUO)l.e>K)l.a X03HHcTBeHHble TOBapbl - - - 15-20 15-20 CaHHTapHo-reXHH'IeCKHe - - - 10-20 10-20 TOBapbl IlJIacTMaccoBhle H3)1.eJJHH 20-25 20-25 25-30 10-15 15-20 XHMH1JeCKHe Marep HaJIhI, 25-30 30-40 40-45 15-20 20-25 JIaKH, KpacKH MaCJJ3 II CMi13KH 25-30 25-30 25-30 15-20 15-20 CTpoilMarCplli1Jlbl, orHe- 45-60 45-60 45-60 20-30 20-30 ynopbl 3aroToBKIJ, )l.eTaJIH, Y3JIbl 1-2 2-5 5-10 - - (B uexax) b03 
T a-»JJ. 1\ lI, a 202 HOP!\IaTltBHble CpOItU XpaHeHHA rpY30B (CYT) H. aUllu.ax roTOBOA npoqlUl.HH npOMblllIJleHHblX npeAnpHIITHH rpY3 3anacbl rpY30B npH npoH3BoAcTBe Macco BOM cepH R- HOM I e,lJ.H H"q- HOM " MenKoce- pHRHOM BCJlOClme.n.bI, MOTOUHKJlbI nO.D;llIlIn"HKH, npH60pbl CT3"KH. o6opy.n.OBaHHe nO.D;1.MHO-TpaHcnOpTIIOe, rop HO-maXT- Hoe .oOopy.n.OBaHHe Y3J1b1 npOKaTHbIX CTaHOB, KOTJlOB, TYP- 6H" 3J1eKTpO.ll,DHraTeJlH, reHepaTOpbl, TpaHC- cpop",aTopbl Ka6enbHaR npo.n.YKlI,HR I130HRTOpbl AKH;f,MYJlRTOpbl npH60pbl, annapaTypa 3anQaCTH, HHCTpYMeHT npOqaR rOTOBaR npo.n.YKlI,lIR 3-5 5-10 5-10 5-8 10-15 5-10 5-10 10-15 15-20 15-30 30-45 5-10 10-15 5-12 3-8 5-10 10-15 10-15 8-10 10-15 5-15 8-20 5-8 3-10 T a 6 JI H U a 203 HOPMaTHB"ble CpOKH xpaHeHIIR rPY3011 (CYT) Ha CKJla.n.3X H 6a3ax roccHa6a CCCP HopMa 3a HopMa 38- x " g naca rpy- x " g nsca rpy- I 908, CYT 0 80B CYT 0 0 .. .. >. \ .. .. >. I! I'(  II ... gl'( I'( S II g "'... .:.: u "'... ..;:  "'''I: 0 .01'( v>- "'0:.... "'" &:: &::0 II>. "''''..  :;u t ..Q. '" 0'" :SU Q."Q. '" = ..... =: : .,11., .... .. :; '" Q... : .. :z: "'10  0. "':'::': '"   0.. ..... .,,,, ..., 0.. ..., "," Q.O::l :.:'" Q." "'Or:! "'Q.  ",g v:': '"0 II:': "':.:'" v",  = "'>- 3>- .. 10 "'''' ; € "'''' e- ",., ",..i! "'0 Q..,v  e- =t ="':E ='" e- = "':; 1 CD 12 Onpe.n.eJlRIOTCH 1lI 9-11 36 36 39 nYTeM "".n.HBH- IV 5-8 56 46 59 .lJ.yaJlbHoro V 3-4 100 68 98 paCqeTa VI 2 180 108 138 H 12 30 I 33 I 33 VII 1 360 198 228 6(H 
,l.J;MemUI BeJIHIJHH npHOblTHH II BbI,I.J;alJH rPY30B (33 CTl01,' 3a CMeHY HJIII 3a I II): n [ Qr Q . Q ] Q = p (Q) p (Qn p (Q) . B [ Qf Q ... Q'1 ] Q = P (Qi) P (Qn . . . P (Q:) , (20 24) r.n.e Qf, Q, ,Q - B03MO)KHbIe 3HaIJeHIIfI cYTOIJtIi?I,X rpY30nOTOKOB npHObITlifi (k - IJIICJIO 9THX 3HaIJeHHH);' 'Qf, Q, ..., Qi - B03MO)KHbIe 3HaIJeHHfI CYTOIJHbIX rpY30nOTO- KOB Bbl.n.aIJH rpY30B co CKJIa.n.a (l - IJIICJIO 3THX 3HaqeHHa); P (QD, P (Q), .. , P (Q) - BepOHTHOCTII nOflBJIemln tlF OTBeTCTBYIOIII.HX BeJIHIJHH CYTOIJHOrO npHObITHfi rpY30B; P :(Q)' P (Q), .., P (Q'l) - BepbflTHOCTH nOflBJIeHHfI COOT Bel'C'PBY' IOIII.HX BeJIHIJHH CYTOIJaOro rpY30nOTOKa I:!bI.n.aIJH rpY30 C.O CKJIa.n.a _ Pacnpe.n.eJIeHlIfI ! Qn I II j QB I <POpMHPYIOTCfI no MeTO.n.y, nOKa3aHHOMY B n. 202, npHMeHIITeJIbHO K CJIYIJaHHblM BeJIHIJHHaM TpaHcnopTHbIX napTHH rpY30B BeJIHIJHHa CTpa- XOBoro 3anaca rpY30B 10 npHHHMaeTCfI paBHOH pa3HOCTH MaKCHMaJIbHOH BeJIHIJHHbI BbI.n.aIJH Qax H MHHHMaJIbHOH BeJIHIJHHbl npHeMa 'rPY30B Qln II3 3a.n.aHHbIX pacnpe.n.eJle-' HHI1 3THX BeJlHIJHH 10 = Qax - Qin (.n.J1f1 CHaO)KalOIII.HX CKJla.n.OB) H 10 = Qax - Qln (.n.J1f1 CKJla.n.OB rOTOBOH npo- .n.YKIJ:IIH H .n.pyrHx nepeBaJlOIJHblX CKJla.n.OB) HJlII MO)KeT 3a- .n.aBaTbCfI B BH.n.e I1eKOTOporo HopMaTHBHoro HeCHH)KaeMOrO 3anaca (B OCOObIX cJlYlJaflx) 10 = 1 H' .LI.oBepHTeJlbHYio Be- pOflTHOCTb (Ha.n.e)KHOCTb OLleIlKH) onpe.n.eJleHHfI paCIJeTHOH BeJIHIJHHbI CKJla.n.CKHX 3anaCOB rpY30B pel<.OMeH.n.yeTcfI npH- HIiMaTb. [P] = 0,950 31'0 paBHOCHJlbHO YCJlOBHIO, liTO BMeCTIiMOCTb CKJla.n.a MO)KeT OKa3aTbCfI He.n.OCTaTOIJHOH TOJIbKO B 5 % CJlYlJaeB (HJlH 13-18 .n.HeM 3a ro.n.) PaCIJeT cKJlallCKHX 3anaCOB rpY30B no YKa3aHHoMY MeTo.n.y .n.J1f1 npocTbIx CJlY- lJaeB MO)KeT ObITb J1erKO BbInOJlHeH «BPYIJHYIO» (npH HeOOJIb- llIHX 3HaIJeHHflX k H 1 B pacnpe.n.eJleHHHX CYTOIJHbIX rPY30- nOTOKOB npHobITHfi H BbI.n.aIJH rPY30B), a npH OOJJblllHX 3HaIJeHflX 9TIIX aeJlHIJIIH - Ha 3BM «PYIJHoii» pacIJ .n.e- MOHCTPIiPYeTCfI 3.n.ecb Ha npliMepe u.eXOBoro CKJla.n.a rOc. 605 
llpUMep. nyeTb HY>KHO OnpeeJIHTb pac'leTHblH aanae XpaHelHl!1 rpy- SOB )l;JIH eKJIa)l;a CO CJle,n:YIOUJ;HMH pacnpe.n.eJIeHHRMH npH6b1THH Qn H BbI- )l;a'lH rpY30B QB Qn = (;o O 2); QB = ( ), r)l;e 120, 150; 200; 140; 180 - '1HCJla rPY>KeHblX HUJ;H'IHblX nO,lUJ.OHOB e )l;eTaJlHMH, npHHHMaeMbIx H BbI)I;aBaeMblX co CKJla)l;a sa eMeHY; 0,20; 0,60; 0,20, 0,65; 0,35 - cooTBeTcTBYIOIl\He BepOHTHOCTH npH6bITHH H BbI,II.a'lH TaKHX KOJlH'IecTB rpY30B. Onpe)I.eJIHeM cTpaxoBoii sanae /0= Qax - QlIn = 180 - 120 = = 60 rpY>KeHblX nO,lUJ.OHOB .lI:oBepHTeJIbHYIO BepOHTHOCTb npHHHMaeM [P] = 0,950 1-e CO'leTaHHe rpysonoToKoB sanae 11 = 60 + 120 - 140 = 40; BepoHTHocTb TaKoro sanaca P (I = 40) = 0,20 0,65 = 0,13. 2-e eO'leTaHHe rpY30noToKoB sanac 1 2 = 60 + 120 - 180 = 0; Be- pOHTHoeTb sanaea P (I = 0) = 0,20 0,35 = 0,07 3-e CO'leTaHHe rpY30noToKoB sanae 13 = 60 + 150 - 140 = 70; BepOHTHOCTb sauaca P (I = 70) = 0,60 0,65 = 0,39 4.e eO'leTaHHe rpysonoToKoB: sanae 14 = 60 + 150 - 180 = 30; BepOHTHOCTb sanaea P (I = 30) = 0,60 0,35 = 0,21. 5-e eO'leTaHHe rpysonoTOKOB. sanac 16 = 60 + 200 - 140 = 120; BepoHTHOCTb san8ca P (I = 120) = 0,20 0,65 = 0,13. 6-e CO'leT8HHe rpysonoToKoB S8nac 18 = 60 + 200 - 180 = 80; BepOHTHOCTb aanaca P (I = 80) = 0,20 0,35 = 0,07. npoBepHeM HOpMHpOBO'IHOe YCJIOBHe, no KOTOPOMY cYMMa BepOHT- HOCTeii Bcex e06b1THii, o6pasYIOIl\HX nOJlHYIO rpynny, )I.OJl>KH8 6b1Tb paBHa e)I.HHHl.le: 6 E P, = 0,13 + 0,07 + 0,39 + 0,21 + 0,13 + 0,07 = 1,00. 1=1 HOpMHpOBO'IHOe YCJlOBHe eXO)I.HTCH TaKHM 06pa30M, nOJlY'lHJlH pac- npeAe.neHHe sanaCOB rPY30B Ha CKJll\Ae ( 0 30 40 70 80 120 ) 1= 0,07 0,21 0,13 0,39 0,07 0,13 ' OnpeeJIHe'M HHTerpaJlbHYIO 4>YHKI.lHIO paenpeAe.neHHII (H8KOnJleHHYIO BepOIlTHOCTb) OT MeHblUHx BeJlH'IHH sanaeOB K 60J1b1UHM: / .. . 0 30 40 70 80 120 III (I) . . . 0,07 0,28 0,41 0,80 0,87 1,00 OrcIOa BHHO, '1TO aa)I.8HH811 )I.OBepHTe.nbH811 BepOHTHOCTb CKJla)I.CKRX sanaCOB (P] = 0,95 nOna)l;aeT B nOCJleHHH HHTepB3J1 H3KOnJleHHblX BepoRTHOCTeii 0,87 < [P] = 0,95 < 1,00, , nO*'OMY paC'IeTHYIO BeJIH'IHHY CKJlI\ACKHK sanaCOB eM B HHTepBaJle /* E [80; 120), onpe)I.eJIHH ee no 4>opMYJle JlHHeHHoii HHTepnOJlHI.lHH, /* = :: = :: (120 - 80) + 80  105. TaKHM 06pasoM, CKJla)l. OJI>KeH 6b1Tb paeC'IHTaa Ha 105 eItHHq TpaH- enopTHO-CKJlaACKOii Tapbl. 606 
npH He06xo)l.HMocTH 60JIee TOqHOrO Onpe)l.eJIeHHH pac- qeTHOH BeJIHqHHbI CKJIa)l.CKHX 3anaCOB MOmeT 6bITb npHMeHeH MeTO)l. HMHTau.HOHHOrO MO)l.eJIHpOBaHH5I pa60Tbi CKJIa)l.a Ha 3BM CYlIJ.HOCTb ero COCTOHT B TOM, qTO Ha OCHOBe 3a)l.aHHbiX pacnpe)l.eJIeHHH rpY30nOTOKOB npH6bITH5I JQn} H BbI)l.aqH JQB} rpY30B CO CKJIa)l.a Ha 3BM MHorOKpaTHO HMHTHPYIOTC5I eme- )I.HeBHbie npou.eCCbI npH6bITHSI H OTnpaBJIeHIISI rPY30B CO CKJIa)l.a H B Kam)l.OM u.HKJIe BblllHCJI5IIOTC5I 3HalleHHSI nOJlY- qHBillHXC5I CKJIa)l.CKHX 3anaCOB B pe3YJIbTaTe 60JIbiliOrO lIHCJIa U.HKJIOB MO)l.eJIHpOBaHH5I (HanpHMep, 3a ro)l. N = = 365) BeJIHqHHbl CKJIa)l.CKHX 3anaCOB nOJIYlIalOT CTaTHCTH- qecKYIO YCTCjHlIHBOCTb Ii HX paClIeTHaSI BeJIHqHHa, BblllHCJIeH- Ha5I no MeTO)l.Y, H3JIOmeHHOMY B n 202, MomeT CqHTaTbCSI )I.OCTOBepHoH C )I.0BepHTeJIbHOH BepOSITHOCTblO [P) BapHaHTbI HCXO)l.HblX pacnpe)l.eJIeHHH rpY30noToKoB npH- 6bITHSI H OmpaBJIeHHSI rpY30B co CKJIa)l.a [eM <l>OPMY- JIbI (20.24)) MorYT YlIHTbIBaTb pa3JIHlIHbie opraHH3au.HOHHbIe, TeXHHQecKHe H )I.Pyme 3aKoHoMepHocTH B rPY30noToK8x (HanpHMep, HepaBHoMepHocTH rpY30noToKoB no )I.H5IM He- )l.eJIH, no )I.eKa)l.aM MecSIu.a, BHYTPH CYTOK H T )I.). 20.5. OnPE,LlEJIEHHE OCHOBHbIX nAPAMETPOB CKJIA,LlA UITYl.fHbIX rpY30B nepBbIM ::HanOM KOHKpeTHOrO npoeKTHpoBaHHSI 3aKpbI- Toro MexaHH311poBaHHoro H aBToMaTH3HpoBaHHoro CKJIa)l.a TapHo-illTYlIHbIX rpY30B SIBJISIeTCSI Bbl60p THna H napaMeTpOB TpaHcnopTHO-CKJIa)l.CKOH Tapbl npH 9TOM B03MomHbi TPH CJIyqaSI: 1) THn H napaMeTpbI BnOJIHe onpe)l.eJIeHHbl, TaK KaK rpY3bI npHXO)l.5IT Ha CKJI<t)l. B Tape, 2) THn H napaMeTpbl TapbI He YCTaHOBJIeHbI, HO eCTb HeKOTopbIe orpaHHlIeHIHJ, n03BOJIH- IOlIJ.He CY3HTb KPyr 3a)l.all no Bbl60py TIlna H napaMeTpOB TapbI (HanpHMep, CO CTOpOHbl npOH3BO)l.CTBeHHOH nO)l.CHCTeMbl rH6- KOfO aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHoro npOH3BO)l.CTBa); 3) THn H napa- MeTpbI TapbI He 3a)l.aHbI M HeT HMKaKHX np5IM,bIX orpaHHlIeHIIH HJIH Tpe6oBaHHH, orpaHHlIHBalOIIJ.HX ee Bbl60p B CJIYlIae nocTynJIeHHR rpY30B C MarHCTpaJIbHOro HJIH BHYTpH3aBO.ll.CKOrO TpaHcnopTa B TpaHcnopTHbIX naKeTaX, Ha nO)IJl,OHax R03MomeH BapHaHT npHMeHeHHfl Tex me caMblX nO)IJl,OHOB H .lI.JI5I xpaHeHHfl rpY30B Ha MexaHH3HpOBaHHOM CKJIa)l.e, O.ll.HaKO npH nOCTynJIeHHH rpY30B Ha CKJIa.ll. CJIe.ll.yer npe)l.YCMaTpHBaTb TeXHOJIOmlleCKYIO onepau.HIO npOBepKH ra- 6apHTHbIX pa3MepOB TpaHcnopTHbIX naKeTOB, npHHSITbIX C Ma- rHCTpaJIbHOrO TpaHcnopTa, a eCJIH HymHO, TO H YCTpOHCTRa 607 
.AJlA UK HCnpaBJIeHIHI nepe,Ll nepe,LlalleH B 30UY XpaHeHIUI C ItBTPMaTH3HpOBaHHbIMH KpaH-8MH-Il1Ta6eJIepaMH 3T0 06'bfIC- UReTeR TeM, liTO B nYTH CJIe,LlOBaHHH, a TaKme npH norpy- 30QHO-pa3rpY30llHb1X onepaUHHX naKe-rbl MorYT ,Lle<P0PMH- p08aTbCSI H H3MeHIITb CBOIO <POPMY H ra6apHTHbIe P.f,3MpbI ,LlO 100-150 MM H 60JIee, B pe3YJIbTaTe lIero OHH He MorYT 6b1Tf> npl1HRTbl cpa3Y B 30HY xpaHeHHSI C aBTOMaTH3lfpOBal;lHblMH KpaH8MH -Il1Ta6eJIep aMH ECJilI B nOCJIe,LlYIOLIJ.eM rpY3bI H Bbl,LlaIOTCH CO CKJIa,lI,a Ta- KHMH me naKeTaMII, TO HCnpaBJIeHHe TpaHcnopTHbIX naKeTOB U KpaHeHHe B HHX rpY30B na CKJIa,Lle ueJIeco06pa3Ho Ecnu >Ke [,PY3bl CO CKJIa,Lla Bbl,LlaIOTCSI OT,LleJIbHbIMH J.llTYlIHblMH MeCT8MH H naKeI bI Ha CKJIa,Lle HymHo pac<popMHpOBbIBaTb op« 8hl,Llalle rpY30B. 10 ueJIeC006pa3HO paCCMoTpeTb BapHaHT npaMNleHHH Ha CKJIa,Lle ,LlJISI xpaneHIIH rpY30B nO,Ll,LlbHOb ,LlPY- rUK rwnopa3MepoB, HaH60JIee nO,LlXO,LlHLIJ.HX no ,LlPYfHM CO- oopameHIfSIM, 0 KOTOpblX 6Y,LleT CKa3ano ,LlaJIee TaKme ue- nec.ooopa3HO paCCMaTpHBaTb BapHaHTI;.I npHMeHeHX1fl. fja KJIa- .Ae .ApyrHx nOMOHOB, a He TpancnopTHblX naKeTOB' B' Tex cnyqaflK, KOr,Lla npH npHeMe rpY30B no YCJlOBHHM ijX KOII- pOMR no KOJIHlIeCTBY H KalleCTBY tpe6yeTcH HK pac<popMH- p08cume YKJla,LlbIBaTb rPY3bl nOCJIe pa360pKH CHOBa B T8- KHe me TpaHcnopTHbIe naKeTbl COBceM HeOOSI3aTeJlbHO ECJlH rpY3bl (HanpHMep, 3arOTOBKH) Ha npOH3BO,LlCTBeH- HbIM CKJla,Ll (HanpHMep, Ha CKJIa,Ll rAn) nocTynalOT C HeKOTO- poro IJ.eHTpaJlbHOrO KOMIJJIeKTOBOllHoro CKJla,Lla B SII.1I.HlIHblK H/HI fiJIOCKHX nO,LlJl.OHaX, TO IreJ1eco06pn3110CTb npH'MeH'CHiHI 3THK )ice nOMOHOB J( Tf51 xpaHeHII Sl rpyaoB lIa C KJ1aJ(e 3aE!ilCHT OT pHJra <paKTopOB (xapaKTepa TeUIOJl0fl14LCKHX onepaUHH npH nplieMKe rpY30B Ha CK.lIa,Lle, COCTOHHH5I TpaHcnopTHblK n&KeTOB, nocTynalOLIJ.UX C BIIYTpH3aBO,LlCKOrO 1 paHcnopTa, U T JI.) B 60JIbillHHCTBe CJIyqaeB HaH60JIee ueJleC006pa3HO opraHH30BbIBaTb 6ecnepeBaJIOllHhiH TpaHcnopTHbli;j npoCl.€CC, "PH KOTOpOM ,LlJ151 BHYTpH3aBO,LlCKHX nepeMeLIJ.eHHH 't'pY30B If UK KpaHeHHSI Ha CKJIa,LlaX HCIIOJIb3YeTCH O,LlHa H Ta )K Tapa. O,LlHaIW npaKTHKa pa60TbJ p5lJJ.a npeJWprnJ111H nOI\a3bmaeT, liTO npOH3BO,LlCTBeIlHa51 Tapa, npO\OJJ.5111a51 '1CpC3 lIeCKOJlbKO lI.eKOB H YlIaCTKOB H nepeMCLIJ.aeMaH pa3JIHlIHbiMii BH,LlaMH BHYTpH3aBO,LlCKOrO TpaHcnopTa, C lIeperPY3KOH pa3HbiMIi Mex:aHU3MaMH IIOCTeneHHO npHXOHT B TaKoe COCTOSIflHe, npH KOTOpOM OHa CTaHOBHTCH HelIpHrOHoA ,LlJIH HCnOJlb'3dSaHHSI B 3BWMaTHlIeCKOM CKJIa,Lle. Pa3MepbI TpaHcnopTHO-CKJ1a,LlCKOH Tapbl MorYT 6bl'Il1 orpa- HH<reub! Tpe60BaHliHMIi TeXHOJlOnm npOIi3BOCTBJ:t, napa- 608 
Ta6nHI.la 204 3Ha- Ta6JJHI.la 205 nO.lle8uwli, 6G'beM 'leHUR KosII$HU;HeHTa S8- OO)l;JJ.OHOB VI paaH"'X THnOpaSMepoB nOJlHeHHR 06'beMa cKJlajJ.- CRoA Tap... rpysaMu iT HaH60nb- r H.._. Pa3Mephl lIIHIl none3- lIIali rpy- CoOTHOlIle- 1(03<\>4>H- nOMOHa Hhlil .o6'beM 30noA",eM- [(HeHT 3a. a X b, MM nOMOHa V" HOCTb nop;- HHe p03Me- nonHeHHA M' A,OH8, Kr pOD nop;- o6'beMa nop;- AOUOB H P;03H ry- rpY90B 300 X 400 0,036 50 J 1-2 0,15-0,25 600 X 400 0,108 100 2-4 0,25-0,60 I 600 X 800 0,403 500 4-6 0,6-0,8 2bo .6-8 0,80-0,92 1200X 800 1,181 BOJlee 0,92-0,96 1600X 1200 2,554 3200 8-10 MeTpaMH Cnell.HaJIbHbIX TeXHOJIOmlleCKHX npHCnOCOOJIeHHM, OCHaCTKH H oopaoaTbIBaeMbIX ,LleTaJIeH HJIH 3arOTOBOK O.n;HaKO BO Bcex 3THX CJIYlIaHX CJIe,LlyeT, no B03MO)KHOCTH, npH,Llep- )KHBaTbCH CTaH,LlapTHOro pH,Lla pa3MepoB nOMOHOB" 150x 200, x,xWx,x,xIX X 800, 1200 x 800, 1200x 1000, 1000x 1000, 1200x 1200, 1600X 1200 MM (CM rJI.3) B TOM CJIYlIae, eCJIH B03MO>KHOCTH Bl>iOOpa pa3MepOB nOMoHoB HHlIeM He orpaHHlIeHbI, OHR BblOHpmOTCH HaHOOJIblllHMH H3 ,LlOnYCTHMbIX no YCJIOBIHIM npHeMa If Bb\.LlallH rpY30B .l{JIH 3Toro onpe,LleJIHIOT OO'beM (M 3 ) O,LlHOii: rPY30BOH CKJIa,LlCKoH e,LlHHHlI.bI (nOMOHa) no <PoP- MYJIe V o = l/(n , R1I T ) (20 25) r.ll.e I - 3anac xpaHeHIIH rpY30B, T; n - lIHCJIO HaHMeHOBa- HHM rpY30n; Rl - lIHCJIO XpaIlHlIJ;HXCH nOMOHOB C rpY30M O.t{Horo HaHMeHOBaIlH5I (R 1 = 2-;.-5 - ,LlJIH CKJIa.ll.OB MHoro- I:IOMeHKJIaTYPHblX rpY30B; Rl = 10-;.-15 M oOJIee - .lI.JIH CKJIa- ,AOB MaCCOBblX rpY30B C HeOOJIblllHM lIHCJIOM HaHMeHOBaHHH; IT - K03<pqmll.HeHT 3anOJIHeHlHI Tapbl, npHHHMaeMbIM 0,6- 0,9, a 60JIee TOllHO npH H3BecTHbiX pa3Mepax rpY30B- no TaOJI 20 4 no TaOJI 20 5 BbloHpalOTcH pa3Mepbl nOMOHa, HMelOIlJ,erO OnH>KaHlllee 3HalJeHHe none3Horo OO'beMa Vi B .lI.OnOJIHeHHe K paCCMOTpeHHblM n5lTI1 THnaM nO,Ll,LlOHOB MorYT OblTb BblopaHbi lJ,j}yrffe CTaH,LlapTHbie nOMOHbl HJIH Cnell.HaJIbHble TeXHOJIOrH- '1ecKHe nOMOHbl, HaHoonee nOJl.XO.ll.HIlJ,Me K KOHKpeTHbIM YC..n08HHM npOH3Bo.n;CTBeHHoro npOll.ecca. -2{) ManHI<08 0 1) 609 
OpH OpHeHTHpOBO'lHbIX paC'IeTaX, KOr)l.a pa3MepbI OT- )l.eJlbHbIX rpyaoB HeH3BecTHbI, OC06eHHO )l.Jl5I MeJIKHX rpY30B, y KOTOpbIX pa3MepbI B 10-12 pa3 MeHbllie pa3MepoB nO)l,).l,O- HOB, BMecTHMOCTb nO)l,).l,OHa (MaCCa rpy3a Ha DO)l,).l,OHe) onpe- )l.eJl5IeTCfl DO ct>OpMYJle (T) G = abcfTY' (20.26) f)l.e a, b H C - COOTBeTCTBeHHO )l.JlIfHa (pa3Mep B)l.OJlb npo- XO)l.a) , lliHpHHa (pa3Mep nonepeK npoxo)l.a) H BbICOTa rpY30BOii CKJla)l.CKOii e)l.HHHIJ.bI (BbIcoTa YKJla)l.KH rpY3a Ha DO)l,).l,OHe), M; 'V - OO'beMHa5I Macca rpY3a, T/M 3 (npHHHMaeTC5I no Ta6J1. 96 H 11.6 B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT pO)l.a rPY30B). BbIcOTa YKJla)l.KH rpY3a Ha nO)l,).l,OHaX C (M) npHHIIMaeTC5I MaKCHMaJlbHOH )l.Jl5I )l.aHHOrO TIIna nO)l,).l,OHa HJlH onpe)l.eJl5IeTCfI DO ct>opMYJle Hn -h H -0,2 c= z-l e- t!, (20.27) rJ.{e H D - BblCOTa nO)l.'beMa rpY303aXBaTa lliTa6eJlHpYIOIII.eii MalliHHbI, M; h B - BbICOTa HH)KHerO flpyca H8)1. nOJlOM CKJla)l.a, M (npH YCTaHOBKe HH)KHHX nO)l,).l,OHOB Ha nOJl h H = 0); Z - '1HCJlO 5IpYCOB no BbICOTe CTeJIJla)KeH UJIH lliTa6e.n5I; e - paccToflHHe Me)K)l.Y rpY3aMH no BbIcOTe, M; t! - coo- CTBeHHa5I TOJIIII.HHa nO)l,).l,oHa UJIH BbICOTa HO)KeK nO)l,).l,OHa, M. Kor)l.a H3BeCTHbI pa3MepbI rpY30B a., , li H HX Macca g, BMecTHMOCTb (T) nO)l,).l,OHa (Macca rpY3a Ha nOMOHe) onpe- J.{eJI5IeTCfl no ct>opMYJle G = abcfTg/(a.li103) (20 28) OpH neooXO)l.HMOCTH 60Jlee TO'lHbIX paC'IeTOB Macca rpY3a Ha nO)l,).l,OHe (T) onpe)l.eJl5IeTCfl Ha OCHOBaHHH ct>aKTH'IecKoro '1HCJla rpY30B N, nOMeIII.alOIII.HXC5I Ha nOMon, no ct>opMYJle G = NgIQ-3, (20 29) f)l.e g - Macca O)l.HOrO rpY3a, Kr 4HCJlO rpY30B, nOMeIII.alOIII.HXC5I lIa nO)l,).l,on, onpe)l.eJlHlO1' B !flaM cJlY'lae MeTO)l.OMTeOpeTH'IeCKOH YKJla)l.KH na OCHOBa- HHH ct>OPMYJI, npHBe)l.eHHbIX B Ta6J1 20 6. OpH 9TOM paC'IeTbI )l.eJIalOT no pa3HbIM ct>opMYJlaM H npHHHMalOT TOT MeTO)l. YKJlBJ.{KH, KOTOpbIH 06ecne'lHBaeT HaH60JlblliYIO Maccy rpY3a Ha nO)l,).l,OHaX Macca rpY3a Ha nO)l,).l,OHe G onpe)l.eJl5IeTC5I )l.JI!1 Ka)K)l.OH rpynnbI rpY30B, KOTopbIe xpaHHTCH H nepepa6aTbI- BalOTCfl Ha CKJla)l.e. 610 
T a 6 It H II; a 20 6. AenH }'KnaAKH rpY30B Ha noMOH'" (1-9 - 6es llepeB6palfHBalllHl rpySOB; 10-11 - C IlepeBtl3KOH CJIOeB, 12-15- c nepeOOpa'lHBftHHeM rPY30u) .e. 1  acxu 4>opMyna (MO.u,eJlb pacKnll.D,KH) a 1 m N 1 = 8 ( : ) 8 ( + ) 8 ( + ) 2  N I = 8 (f) 8 ( : ) e (+)  N 8 =8 (+) [8 (+) + 3 +e( aCZ )e( : )J rM N. = e ( + ) [28 ( -%- ) + 4 - +e( a2CZ )e( : )] 1 2 t.t No=e(+){e( : )e(+)+ 5 .« + e [ a - cze ( : ) ] e ( : )} - Na=e(+)[e(+)+ 6 +e( : )e( bj;CZ )] jJ 20" 611 
f1 P o.n 0 JJ: )J( e H H eTa  JI 20.6 I SCKKS «!>opMyna (MO.D,enb paCKna.D,KY)  7 A@ N 7 = 8 (+ ) [28 (+) + " ot +8( b2a )8( : )] a , Of N 8 = 8 (  ) {8 (  ) 8 (  ) + ' 8 AM +,[b-"() ],( : )) Of 9""''''''<0/3 9 ... J N 9 onpe,!l.eUleTCjj no OC060MY 8J1rO- _ fN 4 PHTMY nporpaMMbl SP I R IX a Ct  N 10 = 8 ( : ) 8 ( -;- ) X 10 X 8 ( C2 ) + 8 (+ ) 8 ( : ) X 2.a [ c _ 68 ( c: ) ] jJ XIo 6 A. N u = 8 ( f) 8 ( : y X . 11 X 8 ( C2 ) + 8 ( : ) X _9 [ ( c/2 ) ] () C-68 () IX X 8 fj f' 6 Ol 1 Am N 12 = 8 ( : ) 8 (-%- ) 8 ( +) 61 
\ . npO.n;OJl>KeHHe Ta6J1 206 -E. I:: 3CKH3 <J>OPMYJl8 (MOi\eJlb p8CKJl8i\KH)  13 14 15 a m rm N 13 = e ( + ) g ( : ) 8 (+ ) N a = 8 (f) e ( -%-)8 (  ) N 15 = e ( : ) 8 ( + ) 8 (  ) 4HCJIO nOMOHOB, He6xo.l(HMOe .l(JIH pa3MemeHHH BCeX rpY30B B 30He XpaHeHHH CKJIa.l(a, onpe.l(eJIHeTCH no <popMYJIe n R = ] : ' ,=1 (20 30) r.l(e n - tJHCJIO rpynn rpY30B B HOMeHKJIaType, Ii - 3anac xpaHeHHH no rpY3aM i-n rpynnbI, T; G, - 3arpY3Ka nOMOHa npH YKJIa.l(Ke Ha Hero rpY30B i-n rpynnbl, T Ha nepBblX 3Tanax npoeKTHpOBamfH llIHpHHa CKJIa.l(a (M) opHeHTHpOBO'lIlO MO}I{eT 6bITb onpe.l(eJIeHa no <popMYJIe B = Y 1 kp/(GfIz), (20 31) r.l(e I - paC'leTHbIH 3anac xpaHeHHH rpY30B, T; kp - K03<P- $HI.I,HeHT, Y'lHTblBaIOmHH BJIHHlfHe 06'beMa KOMnJIeKTOBotJHbIX pa60T Ha .l(JIHHY H nJIOma.l(b CKJIa.l(a, kp = 1 ,0--;.-2,0; - Kmq)(tmL!.HeHT, npe.l(CTaBJIHIOIIJ.Hn c060n oTHorueHHe .l(JIHHbI CKJIa.l(a K illHpHHe,  = 4--;.-10 B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT THna CKJIa.l(a I{ He06xo.l(HMoll .l(JIHHbI norpY30tJHo-pa3rpY30tJHbIX Y'laCTKQB; G - Cpe.l(HHH Macca rpY3a Ha nOMoRe, T; f1 - y.l(eJIbHOe 'lHCJIO 'nOMOHOB, npHXO.l(HIIJ.HXCH Ha I M 2 nJIoI:lJ,a.l(H 30ljlbI xpaHeHHH (c ytJeToM npOXO.l(OB) npH CKJIa.l(HpOBaHHH B O.l(f"" 613 
T a 6 JI H U a 20 7. LfHCJIO nOA.-OHOB 11 HS 1 M 2 nJlOIl\8Jl.H 30HW xpsHeHHII apyc no Bioi COTe (npH "Rene OOMOHOB 00 )J.JlHHe Y = 30) ot  " I .."".. In" a: ,. )\nJl nOAAoHoB THn MCX811H3MOB 0,4 X 0,6 O,8XO,6 1.2XO.8 CKlll 1,28 0,59 0,35 KlllM-125-5,3 1,14 0,68 - !E KlllM-250-5,1 - 0,70 - 0;: KlllM-250-II,1 - 0,64 - 0-:  KIllM-500-5,1 - 0,68 - KlllM-500-II,1 - 0,62 - 0::0 KlllM-1000-5,1 - - 0,24 :;; KlllM-IOOO-II,1 - - 0,33 :I: IT KlllMK-1000-IO,5 - - 0,22 0 t:; KlllMY-1000-22,5 - - 0,29 ": KIIIMK-2000-10,5 - - 0,22 ::e: KIIIMK.2000-22,5 - - 0,25 30-103 - 0,40 0,26 ,.Q  '" 0;: S 1 30-0601 30-103 30-201 I 0.7 _ l,21 I 0,42-0,66 n p 8 Me" 8 II 8 e a -. ,l\nH1I8 nOAAOH8 (p8SMep B.D,Onb CTenJl8>Keil HJlH wTs6eJleil); rJly6811Y ne.","'>Kcil IInll WT86eneil), CJ<1lI - CTenna>KHbliI KpaH-WT86enep, K1lIM K068"bI; I\IlIM K - KpSIHlJTa6enep MOCTOBOil C Ko6KHOA; an - 9J1eKTponorpYS'IHH MOCTOBbiX KpdIlOB-WTd6eJlepOB nOK83b1BSeT rpysonO,l\'beMHOCTb (Kr), BTopoe - npo SlPYC no BblCOTe (npnHHMaeTCSI no Ta6JI 20 7); Z - tJHCJIO SlpyCOB CI{JIa)/,HpoBaHHSI nOMOHOB no BblCOTe. 60JIee no)/,p06Hble )/,aHHble no tJHCJIY nOMOHOB Ix pa3Me- paMIf 1200 X 800 MM, npHxo)/,sUIfXCH Ha 1 M 2 nJIOl.a)/,H 30HbI xpaHeHHSI npH HCnOJIb30BaHHH pa3Hblx IIITa6eJIHPY- IOI.U.HX MaW"H, npHBe)/,eHbI B Ta6JI. 20 8-20.11 (c YtJe:rOM IJHCJIa SlPYCOB CKJIa)/,HpoBaHHSI nOMOHOB no BblCOTe z). 3TH )/,aHfIbIe MorYT 6bITb npHMeHeUbI C ytJeTOM Toro, tJTO Ix = = ft Z OpH pa3MeI.U.eHHH CKJI3)/,a B OT)/,eJIbHOM 3)/,aHHH ero WH- pIma O!{pyrJIfleTCSI B 66JIbWYIO CTOPOHY )/,0 6JIH:H<aHWeH HopMaTHBHOH BeJilitJHHbI li3 pSl)/,a: B = 6; 9; 12; 15; 18; 24; 30 M B TOM CJIYtJae, ecJIH WHpHHa CKJIa)/,a npeBblWae1' 24-30 M, npHHHMalOTcH )/,BYX- H TpeXnpOJIeTHble 3)/,aHHH H T )/,. OpHeHTlipOBOIJHaH )/,JIHHa CKJIa)/,a (M) onpe)/,eJIHeTCH no <jJopMYJle L = B (20,32) 614 
lip. CUBAHf'OBaHBB . O.HH O,8X I XI,2 1,2X 1,0 1,6X 1,2 pa3MepaMH a X b, M 0.39 0,24 0,27 0,27 0,26 0,21 0,23 0,36 0,22 0,18 0,17 0,17 0,16 0.17 0,16 H oKpyrJl"eTCH B 66J1bWYIO CTo- PORY ,lI.0 BeJIHtJHRbl. KpaTHOH 6 M. nJIOma,ll.b CKJIa){a S = LB = lkp/(Gftz), HJIH S = Ikp/(Gfn)' (20.33) OpHeHTHpOBOtIHOe tIHCJIO lllTa6e- JIHPYIOI.U.HX MaWMH, 06CJIYlKHBa- IOI.U.HX 30HY xpaHeHHSI rpy30B, onpe,ll.eJISleTcSI no opMYJIe 'w = Rkp/[RJ. (2034) r,ll.e R - tIHCJIO nOMOHOB C rpY30M (rPY30BblX CKJIa,ll.CKHX e,ll.HHHu.), xpa- HHmHXCH Ha CKJIa,ll.e; [R] - tIHCJIO rpY30BbIX CKJIa,ll.CKHX e,ll.HHHl{ B OnTHMaJIbHOH CeKl{HH XpaHHJIHma, KOTOpylO MOlKeT 06cJIYlKHTb O,ll.Ha wTa6eJIHpYIOI.U.aSl MallIHHa npH npHeMe H Bbl,ll.atIe l{eJIbIMH nOMOHa- MH (npHHHMaeTCSI no Ta6JI 20.12) no,ll. OnTHMaJIbHOH ceKu.MeH xpa- B"oa g:J:;a:ePl5e: HHJIHma 3,l1.ecb nOHHMaeTCSI CeKl{HSI nep QH<:JIO B 060sHaQeHHH C HaH60JIbllIHM tIHCJIOM SltIeeK. KO- JIeT MocTa (M). Topoe MOlKeT 06CJIYlKHTb O,ll.Ha wTa6eJIHPYIOmaSl MallIHHa CpOK xpaHeHHH rpY30B 't'xp (cyr) ,lI.JISI onpe,ll.eJIeHilSI Be- JIHqHHbI no Ta6JI. 20.12 BbIqHCJIHeTCH no <PoPMYJIe 't'xp = 3601/Q, HJIH 't'xp = 360/'1'], (20 35) r,ll.e Q, I - rO,ll.OBOH rpY30noToK H e,ll.HHOBpeMeHHbllI 3anac xpaHeHHH rpY30B Ha CKJIa,ll.e, T; !J - 060patIHBaeMOCTb rpy- 30B Ha CKJIa,ll.e (TJ = Q/ I) npH ,lI.aJIbHeHWeM npoeKTHpoBaHHH YTOtIHHIOTCH napa- MeTpbI 30HbI xpaHeHHH H ,lI.pYrHe TeXHHtJeCKHe pellIeHHSI no CKJIa,lI,Y. BbIcoTa Hpyca CTeJIJIalKa onpe,ll.eJIHeTCSI no opMYJIe C a = c + L\ + e, (20 36) I O'3S=O'45 1 O,2S=O,30 - 0,23-0,28 f,ll.e C - BbICOTa YKJIa,ll.KH rpY3a Ha nOMOHe; L\ - c06CTBeH- HaR BbICOTa HJIH TOJII.U.HHa nOMOHa (,lI.JISI nJIOCKOrO nOMoHa) HJIH BbICOTa HOlKeK nOMOHa B cYMMe C TOJImHHOH ero HB- CTHJIa (,lI.JIH CToetJHoro H HI.U.HtJHoro nOMoHoB); e - paccToSl- 615 
T a 6.11 H n a 208 "IILCJIO DOJUl,OHOO Ix pa3MepaMH 1290X 800 11M c tpY3aMH B paC'leTe Ha 1 M 2 nJlOw.aJJ.H 30th.. xpaHeHHSI co CTeJlJl8JH- HLlMH KpaHIiMH-wTa6eJJepaMH 'I ReJ!O I apyeoB B eTe.n- .n OJII ax '1HC.nO nOAAOHOB Ha I M" n.nOOJ\H xpa H}I.nHa f x npH q}le.ne nOAAoRoB no J\JJHHe eTe.n.naJileli y 10 I 20 30 40 50 60 70 1 0,279 0,350 0,382 0,401 0,413 O,41 0,427 2 0,558 0,700 0,765 0,802 0,826 0,842 0,855 3 0,838 1,050 1,147 1,203 1,239 1,264 1,283 4 1,117 1,400 1,530 1,604 1,652 1,685 1,710 5 1,396 1,750 1,912 2,005 2,065 2,107 2,138 6 1,675 2,100 2,295 2,406 2,478 2,528 2,565 7 1,954 2,450 2,667 2,807 2,891 2,950 2,993 8 2,234 2,801 3,059 3,208 3,304 3,371 3,421 9 2,513 3,151 3,442 3,609 3,717 3,792 3,848 10 2,792 3,501 3,824 4,010 4,130 4,214 4,276 11 3,071 3,851 4,407 4,410 4,543 4,635 4,703 12 3,350 4,201 4,589 4,811 4,956 5,056 5,131 13 3,630 4,551 4,972 5,212 5,368 5,478 5,559 14 3,909 4,901 5,354 5,613 5,781 5,899 5,986 15 4,188 5,251 5,736 6,014 6,194 6,321 6,414 16 4,467 5,601 6,119 6,415 6,607 6,742 6,841 17 4,747 5,951 6,501 6,816 7,020 7,163 7,269 18 5,026 6,301 6,884 7,217 7,433 7,585 7,697 19 5,305 6,651 7,266 7,618 7,846 8,006 8,124 20 5,584 7,001 7,649 8,019 8,259 8,427 8,552 2'1 5,863 7,352 8,031 8,420 8,672 8,849 9,980 22 6,143 7,702 8,413 8,821 9,085 9,270 9,407 23 6,422 8,052 8,796 9,222 9,498 9,692 9;8'35 24 6,701 8,402 9,178 9,623 9,911 10,113 10,262 25 6,980 8,752 9,561 10,024 10,324 10,534 10,690 26 7,259 9,102 9,943 10,425 10,737 10,956 11,117 27 7,539 9,452 10,326 10,826 11,150 11,377 11,545 28 7,818 9,802 10,708 11,227 11,563 11,798 11,973 29 8,097 10,152 11,090 11,628 11,976 12,220 12,4t)(J 30 8,376 10,502 11,473 12,029 12,389 12,641 12,828 6.16. 
r,8 6JJ, H 1\ 8 209 1.JHt:J!O nOjlJl.OBOB Ix paaMep8MH 1200X800 MM H8 I, M 2 PJlOW,8)1.H 30HW 7qJ8HeHHJI I1JIH HQIOJrI>3OIIBH.HH MOCTOBbiX KpaHOB- wTa(ieJlepOB (ie3 Ka(iHHbI ('IHCJlO JlpYCOB no BbiCOTe B WTa(ieJie   5) 4HCJIO nOAAOHOB Ha 1 M" nJIOaI\H XpaIlHJIHa BbicoTa npH npOJIeTe MoCTOBoro Kpalla-wTa6e.nepa, M B "'COTa YKJIal\KH 5 8 11 rpyaa .. nOMew,ellIlSi lIa nOI\- I I I lJ, M AOH C, ca     cQ  j M "'''  :c.. "';S  t!= S f-o= S o uiE", uiE", 0,50 0,53 1,61 0,83 1,75 0,73 1,83 3.6 0,65 0,53 1,61 0,83 1,75 0,73 1,83 0,80 0,53 1,07 0,83 1,17 0,73 1,22 0,95 0,53 1,07 0,83 1,17 0,73 1,22 0,50 0,80 2,15 1,25 2,34 1,09 2,44 4,2 0,65 0,80 1,61 1,25 1,75 1,09 1,83 0,80 0,53 1,61 0,83 1,72 0,73 1,83 0,95 0,53 1,61 0,83 1,75 0,73 1,83 0,50 1,07 2,68 1,67 2,93 1,46 3,05 4,8 0,65 0,80 2,14 1,25 2,34 1,09 2,44 0,80 0,80 1,61 1,25 1,75 1,09 1,82 0,95 0,80 1,61 1,25 1,75 1,09 1,82 0,50 1,07 2,68 1,67 2,93 1,46 3,05 5,4 0,65 1,07 2,68 1,67 2,93 1,46 3,05 0,80 0,80 2,14 1,25 2,34 1,09 2,44 0,95 0,80 2,14 1,25 2,34 1,09 2,44 0,50 1,34 2,68 2,09 2,93 1,83 3,05 6,0 0,65 1,07 2,68 1,67 2,93 1,46 3,05 0,80 1,07 2,68 1,67 2,93 1,46 3,05 0,95 0,80 2,14 1,25 2,34 1,09 2,44 0,50 1,88 2,68 2,93 2,93 2,56 3,05 7;' 0,65 1,91 2,68 2,51 2,93 2,19 3,05 0,80 1,34 2,68 2,09 2,93 1,83 3,05 0,95 1,07 2,68 1,67 2,93 1,46 3,05 I1IWn\.8J.\b ceKHII, M:! 149 239 28 617 
T a 6 Jf H U a 20 10. I{HCJIO nO)UJ.OHOB Ix pa3Mep8MH 1200X 800 MM fta 1 M 2 n.no8J1.H SOHb! xpaHeHHII npH HCnOJIbSOB8HHJI 9J1eKTponorpys- 'IHKOB ..x qHCJlO DOMOHOO Oc 'IHCJlO DOMOHOO Ha 1 M' DJlO- ....x Ha 1 M' DJlO-  = - aAH XP!'HHJlH- : aAH XpaHHJlH- BHA >-.." a npH ero BHA a npH ero xpa HeHH!! r; llIHpHHe, M xpaHeHHH "'.. wHpHae, M .. >-=  5 I 8 I 11 8 E- 5 8 I 11 :11=0 :o:c :,:c B wn- 0,50 1,41 2,19 2,56 B K8p. 0,50 1,07 0,67 0,97 6eJI B x 0,65 1,12 1,75 2,05 K8CHbiX 0,65 0,80 0,50 0,73 ('1HCJlO 0,80 0,84 1,31 1,53 CTeJl- 0,-80 0,80 0,50 0,73 BPYCOB 0,95 0,84 1,31 1,53 Jla1Kax 0,95 0,80 0,50 0,73 z 5) T 8 6 JI H U 8 20 11. I{HCJlO nOnOHOB Ix Ha 1 M 2 30HbI xp8HeHHII npH HCno.llbSOB8HHH nepeJl.BH1KHblX CTenn8JKeA (nepeJl.BH1KeHHe B H8npaa- neHHH WHpHHbI CTeJlJUUK8) H 'JleKTponorpY3'1HKOB C Bb!COTOii nOJl.'beM8 BUJIO'IHOro rpyso3axBua 4,5 M :Ii  :Ii qRCJlO nOMOHOB x  X 'IHC.IIO nOMOHOB  . ....:I Ha 1 M' DJloaAH :II . ....x Ha 1 M' nJlOaJl.H >< : XpaHHJlRa DpH :5><   . XpaBHJlHa npH '" ero .IVIHHe, M :: >-.." ero AJiH He, M ..=  "OJ == == .. >-= :II'" I I :II" .. "'0 I I ...=  ",=  :II" 20 30 40 =.. 20 30 40 E3 :':c E3 aJ:,:c I 600 I 0,75 0,83 I 0,86 I GOO I 1,12 I 1,25 I 1,29 6 750 I 0,75 0,83 0,86 750 1,12 1,25 1,29 900 0,60 0,67 0,69 12 900 0,90 1,00 1,03 1050 0,60 0,67 0,69 !OOO 0,90 1,00 1,03 I  1,.00 1,.Il'1S I I 1,20 I 1,33 I 1,38 9 750 1,00 1,111,15 750 1,20 1,33 1,38 900 0,80 0,89 0.,92 15 900 0,96 1,07 1,10 1050 0,80 0,89 0,92 1050 0,96 1,07 ,10 Hlle no BblCOTe OT Bepxa mDfmero nO}I}(Ona (l(JIH HIl.(HtIHbIX H CTOetIHbIX nOMoHoB) H.1H Jle>KillQero lIil neM rpY3d ()1,JIH nJlOCKHX nOjJJJ,OHOB) )1,0 HH3a onopHOlI flOBepXHOCTH CJIe)1,y- IOll.(ero no BblCOTe nOjJJJ,OHa C rpY30\1 )J.JlH 6eCnOJlOtIHbiX CTeJIJla}KeH npHHHMaeTCH e = 60-7-100 MM, a )1,JlH KapKac- HbIX - B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT TOJlI.U.HHbI nOJIKH e = 110+220 MM. Opa IllTa6eJlbHO'vl xpaHeHHH e = 0 BblCOTa CKJla)1,CKOro nOl\fell.(eHHH B 30He xpaHeHH5I rpy- 30B npHlIHMaeTCH npa HCnOJlb30Balll1H CTeJlJla}!{HbIX KpaHOB- 6'1& 
illTa6eJlepOB - no rpa<j>HKaM Ha pHC. 20 7; npli HCnOJlb30- BaHHH MOCTOBbiX KpaHOB-UJTa6eJlepOB 6e3 Ka6HHbI H x = = 7,2 M, npH HCnOJlb30B8HHH MOCTOBbIX KpaHoB-llITa6eJle- pOB C Ka6HHOH Hx = 12,6 M, npH HCnOJlb30BaHHH 3J1eKTpO- norpy3tIHKOB Hx = Hn + C +  + 0,2 M (r)l.e Hn - BbI- COTa nO)J.'beMa rpY303aXBaTa 3J1eKTpOnOI pY3tIHKa) BbICOTa CKJIa)J.CKoro nOMemeHIiH (M) )J.JIH OT)J.eJIbHO CTOHmero 3)J.aHHH oKpyrJIHeTCH B OOJIbllIYIO CTOPOHY )J.O 6JIHMaHllIero CTaH)l.apT- Horo 3IIatIeHHH H3 pH)J.a' 3,6; 4,2; 4,8; 5,4; 6,0; 7,2; 8,4; 9,6; 10,8; 12,6; 14,4; 16,2; 18,0; 19,8 T a 6 JI H I.l a 20.12. lfHCJJO nOnOHOB (rPY30BblX CKJla)l.CKHX e)l.HHH) IRJ B ceKI.lHH, KOTOpyJO MOJKeT 06CJlYJKHTb O)l.Ha wTa6eJlHpYIOUJ,aR Ma- WHBa pa3J1H'IHoro THna npH pa3Hblx cnoco6ax CKJla)l.HpoBaHHR PaSMepbl 'JHCJlO nOMonOB B CeKIJ.HH npH nOMOHa. cpOKax xpaHeHHII rpY30B Txp' CYT Nt ill HcI>p !.1M n/n BdpH8Hra I 0- 5 1 Q b 5- 115-125-\ 35- I 4$- 15 25 35 45 55 I Em+CT 120C 800 100 450 830 1150 1390 1770 2 3fl+CT 1200 1000 100 410 760 1060 1350 1630 3 an+CT 1600 1200 90 380 660 910 1180 1490 4 KIlIM+CT 800 600 100 470 830 1150 1490 1780 5 KIlIM+CT 1200 800 120 480 810 1110 1380 1590 6 KIlIHCT 120(' 1000 120 480 810 1110 1380 1590 7 KIlIM-J CT 160C 1200 100 400 660 920 1060 1200 8 KIlIMK+CT 1600 1200 90 340 590 920 1130 1460 9 CKlilP 40(' 600 180 700 1200 1650 2040 2430 10 CKIlIP 60() 800 160 600 1040 1410 1770 2090 11 CKIlIP 1200 800 170 660 1150 1590 1980 2310 12 CKlilP 800 1200 160 630 1130 1570 1980 2350 13 C1UllP 120C 1000 160 620 1120 1500 1900 2200 14 CKIlIP 1600 1200 140 540 950 1310 1620 1940 15 CIUllA 400 600 320 1290 2280 3170 3940 4700 16 CKIlIA 60(' 800 290 1170 :2070 2890 3610 4320 17 CKIlIA 120C 800 260 990 1730 2360 2950 3500 ]8 CKIlIA 800 1200 220 920 1620 2270 2860 3420 19 CKIllA 120(' 1000 230 910 1590 2180 2760 3280 20 CKIlIA 1600 1200 200 770 1350 1870 2320 28\0 21 an+ IllT 1200 800 100 460 880 1250 1630 2040 22 an+ IllT 1200 1000 100 450 860 1260 1580 1970 23 an+ IllT 1600 1200 90 410 800 1200 1460 1790 24 KIllM+ lilT 1200 800 130 530 1000 135e 1650 1950 25 KlilM+IllT 1200 1000.. 130 520 920 1280 1560 1800 26 KIllMK+ IllT 1600 1200 110 500 840 1260 1510 1890 n p H M e q 8 H H e CT - CTeJlnaJilHoe xpaHeHRe; llIT - mTa6enbl!Oe XpaHf!O HHe; CKlllP, CKllIA - CTeJlnaJKHblA KpaH-mT86enep C PY"HblM H 8BToUaTHQecKHU )'npaBnellHeu 619 
, qIfCJIO flpyCOB no BbICOTe onpeenfleTCfI no OHOH H3 cpOPMYJI (pHC. 208): _ { Hu-hH-O,2 } + 1 - z - e C H ' (20.37) - { Hx-hH-hB } + 1 z - e C H ' (20.38) o 10 2() JO 40 00 'l;p,L/J1' re ha - BbICOTa Ha nonOM HH:»<Hero (nepBoro) flpyca, M; h B - paCCToHHHe no BbICO- Te, M, OT HH3a CTpoHTenbHbIX KOHCTPYKIJ.IfH nOKpbITHH CKJIa- CKoro 3aHHR o onopHOH nOBepXHOCTH BepxHero Hpyca CTenna:»<eH HJIH llITa6eJIfi (npH- HHMaeTCH no Ta6JI. 98) BbI- pa:»<eHHe 8 I...j 0603Ji1atJaeT, 'ITO Hao B3HTb IJ.enylO tJaCTb OT tJHcna, nOJIytJHBerOCH B pe3YJIbTaTe eHCTBHH B cK06Kax. BbIcoTa ypOBHfI nepBoro flpyca Ha nOJIOM CKnaa nH MOCTOBbIX KpaHOB-llITa6eJIepOB, HanOJIbHbIX llITa6enepOB H norpY3tJHKOB ha = 0, TaK KaK B 3TOM CJIytJae HH:»<HI1e nOk OHbI B CTeJIJIa:»<ax MorYT CTaBHTbCfI Henocpep,CTBeHHO Ha non. DPH npHMeHeHHH B xpaHHnHIll.e CKJIap,a CTeJIJIa:»<HbIX KpaHOB-UlTa6aJIepOB BbICOTa pacnono:»<eIIHH Hap, nOJIOM HH:»<- Hero flpyca npHHHMaeTCH hu = 450750 MM HnH Momel1 6b1Tb onpeeneHa no cpopMYJIe (pHC. 20.8) Pac 20 7 3aBHcHMoCTH nOJle3Hoit BLiCOTLI SOHLI xpaHeHHII rpYSOB OT cpOKa xpaHeHHII rpYSOB Ha CKJla...e ::1....:::" P::::::"::CO::H r::: ao.aHHH CTeJLllaJKHLlX KpaHOB-WTa- fieJlepoB co CKOpOCTIIMH nepe",BHKe- HHA "K= 125 M/MHH. no......eMa tIn = = 25 M/MHH (soHa A) H co CKOPOCTA- MH "0 = 60 M/MHH, tIn = 12,5 M/MHH (soHa II) h B = dB + A. - eo, (20.,39) rp,e d 1i - MHHHManbHoe npH6nH:»<eHHe rpY303aXBaTa KpaHa- IUTa6eJIepa K YPOBHIO nona CKJIap,a (500-700 MM); A.- 3a30p Me:»<p,y HIf30M HHIll.a nOMOHa H BcpxlleH I10BepX- HOCTblO rpY303aXB&Ta KpaHa-IUTa6eJIepa npH BblBH:»<eHHH HnH BTHrHBaHHH ero (30-50 MM); eo - BblCOTa Ho:»<eK nop,OHa. DpH HCnOJIb30BaHHH cTaHp,apTHblx aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHbIX CTenna:»<HblX KpaHOB-lUTa6eJIepOB tJHcno H BblCOTa HPyCOB B CTeJIJIa:»<ax npHHHMalOTCH no ra6apuTHoMY qepTe:»<y KpaHa- 'wTa6eJlepa. DpH npHMeHeHHH pHp,Horo xpaHemtH C KneTOtJ- f!20 
BblMH CTeJIJIa)KaMH lJHCJIO CTeJIJIa)KeH (HJ1H illHpHHe CKJIaAa onpeAeJIHeTCH no pMYJIe x - 28 [ X - H' ] - Bop + 2 (/I + A.) , rAe X - illHpHHa npOJIeTa CKJIaACKOro 3AaHHH HJIH YlJaCTKa B npOH3BOACTBeHHOM Kopnyce, OTBeAeHHoro nOA CKJIaA, M, B' - HeHCnOJIb3yeMaH illHpHHa npOJIeTa CKJIaACKOro 3)(aHMSJ, KOTopaH He MO)KeT 6blTb 3aHHTa rpY3aMH H3-3a HaJIHqHH KOJIOHH 3AaHHH, B03MO)KHOCTeH npH6JIH)KeHHH lllTa6eJIBPY- IOllI.eH Mal1JHHbI K CTeHe, He06xOAHMOCTH ,l\OnOJIHHTeJIbHblX npOXO,l\OB B,l\OJIb CTeH HJIH KOJIOHH (TeXHOJIOrHlJeCKHX, npo- 'fHBOnO)KapHblX) H T A , Bp - illHpHHa npo,l\OJIbHOrO npo- e3,l\a ,l\JIH l1JTa6eJIHPYIOIII.eH Mal1JHHbl, M, npHHHMaeTcH no ra6apHTHOMY lJepTe)KY HJIH Bp = b + 0,2 M - AJIH CTeJI- Jla)KHOrO KpaHa-l1JTa6eJIepa, Bp = b + (0,4-;.-0,6) - )J.JJH MOCTOBoro KpaHa-l1JaTa6eJIepa 6e3 Ka6HHbI, Bp = b + nOMOHOB) no (20,40)  <i)' "I-    y  ,ffIlR /l,1If1 Mocmodoeo CmeIlIlO)/(HOeO .;; KpaHa-lUmaOeIll'pa xpaHo-lUmooellepo u n02PUJlfl1KO 1':::1  ! I ' I I , I I I . I I ' .  I, -'   Pm:.  jI K onpt')leJleHHlO 'IHCJla 9PYCOB no BLicon CTeJlJlaJlleil Z B SOHe xpaHe- ODB C"Jl8JI,a WTY'IHLlX rpYSOB .LlCOToil IIx (Dr- ....COTa DOA'beI\>ll rpyaOaaU8Ta Ilpaua-WTa6eJlCpa) "621 
+ (1,2+1,5) - )J.JISI MOC1'OBOrO KpSHS-UlTSGe.nepa C Ka6H- HOH, Bp = 2,4+3 M - )l.JIfi .3JIeKTponorpY3tIHKa C !J>POH- TSJIbHbIM BHJIOtIHbIM rpY303axBaToM rpY30nO)l.'beMHOCTblO 600-1250 Kr, Bp = 1,6+1,8 M - )l.JIH .3JIeKTpOllITa6eJIepOB If .3JIeKTponorpY3tIHKOB C nOBopoTHbIM rpY303axBaToM, b- ulHpHHa rpY30BoH CKJIa)l.CKOH e)l.HHHIJ:bI, T e TOT ee pa3Mep, KOTOpbIM OHa YCTaHaBJIHBaeTCH B rJIy6HHY CTeJIJIa)Ka HJIH lllTa6eJHI, M; A - 3a30p Me)K)l.y rpY30M H KpaeM CTeJIJIa)Ka, M. A = 0,05+0,1 M npH npoeKTHpoBaHHH lllTa6eJIbHOii 30HbI xpaHeHHH CHa- tIaJIa onpe)l.eJIHeTCH He06xo)l.HMOe tIHCJIO npO)l.OJIbHbIX npo- XO)l.OB B CKJIa)l.e np )l.JIH 06eCnetIeHHfI CBOOO)l.HOrO nO)l.'be3)1.a K JIIOOOMY XpaH5IIII.eMycH Ha CKJIa)l.e HaHMeHoaaHHIO rpY30B np = 8 { ,nz (X - H') } + 1, (20.41) nzH np + 2R (b + 0,1) r)l.e n - tIHCJIO HaHMeHOBaHHH rpY30B, O)l.HOBpeMeHHO xpa- HSlIII.HXC5I Ha CKJIa)l.e, HJIH tIHCJW rpymr (HanpHMep, TpaHC- nopTHbIX napTHH HJIH KOMnJIeKTOB )l.JIH onpe)l.eJIeHHbIX rpy- 30nOJIYtIaTeJIeH), K KOTOpbIM )l.OJI)KeH ObITb ooeCnetIeH He3a. BHCHMbIii CBOOO)l.HbIH )l.OcTyn lllTaOeJIHpYIOIII.eii MalllHHbI, oe3 nepeCTaHOBKH )l.pyrHx rpY30B 1JHCJIO rpY30BbIX CKJIa)l.CKHX e)l.HHHIJ:, KOTopoe MO)KeT ObITb pa3MeIII.eHO no llllfpHHe B 3a)l.aHHOM HJIH BbIopaHHOM npOJIeTe CKJI8)l.CKorO 3)1.aHHfI X, npH lllTaOeJIbHOM xpaHeHHH onpe- )J.eJI5IeTC5I no q,opMYJIe { X - npBp - B ' } X=8 b+A. . (20 42) -lJHCJIO nOMOHOB C rpY30M no )l.JIHHe 30HbI xpaHeHHSI y = R/(xz). (2043) r)J.e R - oOIII.ee tIHCJIO nOMOHOB C rpY30M 8 CKJIa)l.e; z - (u\CJIO 51PYCOB no BbICOTe CTeJIJIa)KeH, BbI1.IHCJIeHHoe no q,op- MYJIaM (20 37) HJIH (20 38) .lI.JIHHa 30HbI xpaHeHHfI rpY30B (M) Lx = y (a + A) + npBp + (np - 1) (It + [2), (2044) r)l.e a - )l.JIHHa nOMOHa (pa3Mep, KOTOpbIM OH YCTaHaBJIH- BaeTCfI B)l.OJIb CTeJIJIa)K€H); A - 3a30p Me)K)l.y rpY30BbIMR CKJIa)l.CKHMH e)l.HHHIJ:aMH no )l.JIHHe, A = 0,03+0,1 M npH a = 0,4+1,6 M, np - 1.IHCJIO nOnepetIHbIX npOXO.L{OB no )J.JIHHe CKJIa)J.a; Bp - lllHpHHa nOnepe1.lHOrO npoxo.L{a 622 
B CKJIa)1.e, Bp = 3 M; lit 1 2 - paCCTOJlHIf5! B Topuax CeKUJlH CTeJIJIa)l{eH Ha BblXO)1. IIITa6eJIJlPYIOl.lJ.cii MaIIIHHbI Jl3 CTeJIJIa- )l{eH )1.JI5I neperpY30tlHblX onepaUHH, npHHHMaIOTC5I no..- Ta6JI 9 8 .l1JIHHa pa3rpY30tlHOrO YtlaCTKa Lp onpe)1.eJI5IeTC5I KaK npoH3Be.n.eHHe paCqeTHOrO tlHCJIa TpaHcnopTHbix Cpe)1.CTB m, o)1.HoBpeMeHHo npH6bIBalOIII.HX K CKJIa)l.Y C rpY30M, Ha )1.JIHHY YtlaCTKa Lit He06xo,lumylO D,JI5I YCTaHOBI<H OD,HOrO TpaHcnopT- Horo CpeD,CTBa noD, pa3rpY3KY, Lp = mL l .LlJIHHa norpY3otlHoro HJIH pa3rpY30 t IHoro YtlaCTKa Li )1.JI5I YCTaHOBKH OD,HOrO TpaHcnopTHoro Cpe)l.CTBa npHHH- MaeTCH" )l.JI5I )l{eJIe3HOD,OpO)l{HbIX BarOHOB L 1 = 15 M; )l.JISI aBTOM06HJIen L 1 = 4-7-6 M (npH no.u,atle HX 3a)1.HHM 60pTOM noD, norpY3KY HJIH BblrpY3KY) HJIH L 1 = 12-7-20 M (npH nOD,'be3D,e 60KOBbiM 60pTOM); )l.JI 51 3JI eKTpOTeJIe)l{eK LI = = 3-7-6 M .LlJI5I KOHBenepoB H MOHOpCJIbCOBblX )l.opor pactJeTHoe '{HCJIO OD,HOBpeMeHHo npH6b1BalOIII.HX TpaHcnopTHbiX Cpe)l.CTB C rpY30M m npHHHMaeTC5I paBHblM e)l.HHHue, a )l.JI5I )l.PyrHx BH)l.OB BHeiliHero TpaHcnopTa CKJIaD,a onpe)l.eJI5IeTC5I Ha OCHa- BaHHH paCtleTHbiX BeJIHtlHH TpaHcnopTHoH napTHH Q* m = Q*/q, (20.45) rD,e q - KOJIHtleCTBO rpY3a B O)l.HOM TpaHcnopTHOM Cpe)l.CTBe, T JiJIH IIJT. IIHCJIO pa3rpY30tlHblX MaIIIHH HJIH YCTpoiicTB, He06xo- )1.HMblX )1.JIH pa3rPY3KH paCtle-THOH TpaHcnopTHoH napTHH rPY30B 3a HopMaTHBHoe BpeM5I IT J, onpe)1.eJI5IeTC5I no q,op- MYJIe m (pl + 't'y) 'p = I-J - To ' (20.46) r)l.e p - tlHCJIO eD,HHHU rpY30B, HaXO)l.51III.HXC5I B O)l.HOM TpaHc- nopTHOM CpeD,CTBe; 1 - CpCD,HHH UHKJI pa3rpY3KH O)l.HOrO MeCTa rpY3a C TpaHcnopTHoro cpeD,cma; Ty - BpeM5I YCTa- HOBKH HJIH nOD,rOTOBKH K pa60Te pa3rpY30tlHoro YCTpoHcTBa B pactleTe Ha O)1.HO TpaHcnopTHoe Cpe)l.CTBO, 't y = 0,1 MHH- )1.JHI cTaUHoHapHblx pa3rpY30llHblX YCTPOHCTB, Ty = 0,2-7- -7-1 MHH - D,JI5I nepe)l.BH)KHbtX pa3rpY30tlHbIX YCTPOHCTB, KpOMe nepetlHCJIeHHbIX HHJKe (MO)l{eT 6b1Tb onpeJI.eJIeHO TOtl- Bee no BpeMeHH UHKJIa nepeD,BH)I{eHH5I OT O)1.HorO MecTa pa3rpY3KH K )l.pyrOMY), Ty = 3 MMH - )l.JI5I TeJIecKonHtle- CKOro KOHBeiiepa, Ty = 5 MHH - JI.JIH KOHBeHepHoH pa3rpy- 623 
30tIHOH MaIlIHHbI, Ty = 15 MHH - .lI..lIH nepe.ll.BmKHQI'O K.OH- BeHepa, Ty = I MHH - .lI.JIH 3.lIeKtponorpY3'1HKa; IT]- HopMatHBHoe BpeMH pa3rpY3KH TpaHcnopTHoH napTHH, h]= = 141 MHH - .lI.JIH rpynnbI >Ke.lIe3HO.ll.OpmKHbIx BarOHOB, h] = 12 MHH - .lI..lIH aBTOM06H.lIeH rA3, h] = IS M'HH- .lI.JIH 3HJ1, ['d = 20 MHH - .lI..lIH MA3 H KaMA3, h] = = 25 MHH - .lI..lIH KpA3, [T] = 5+8 MHH.- .lI..lIH 3.lIeKTpO- Te.lIe>KeK H npHI1.enHbIX TeJIe>KeK, To - BpeMH BbInOJItleHHH nO.ll.rOTOBHTe.lIbHO-3aK.lIIO'IHTe.lIbHblX OnepaI1.HlA npH' pa3- rpY3Ke, TO = 10 MHH - .lI..lIH >Ke.lIe3HO.ll.OpO>KHblX BarOHOB, TO = 2 MHH - .lI..lIH aBTOM06H.lIei'i, To = I MHH - .lI..lIH 3.lIeK- TpOTe.lIe>KeK H npHI1.enHbIX Te.lIe>KeK. 4 HCJIO O,l\HOBpeMeHHO npH6blBalOllI.HX TpaHcnopTHblX Cpe.ll.CTB m .lI..lIH >Ke.lIe3HO,l\OpO>KHOrO TpaHcnopTa npHHHM8ercSi pa1mbIM 'IHC.lIY BarOHOB B paCtIeTHOH nO,l\atIe, a Jj,.lIH aI1rOMO- 6ffJIeH H 3.lIeKTpOTeJIe>KeK onpe,l\e.lI HeTC 51 no CPOPMY .lIe' m = e { 1[1:) -1: 0 1 Qrkf( } + I (:2047) 60T l T Jlkt ' r,l\e Qr - rO.ll.OBOH rpY30noToK npH6bITlfH (HJIH OmpaB.lIeHHSI) rpY30B, T/rO.ll., k n - K03cpcpHI1.neHT HepaBHoMepHocTH npH6bI- THSI (HJIH OTnpaB.lIeHHH) rpY30B; Tr - tIHC.lIO .lI.HeH npH6bITHH rpY30B B ro,l\Y, Tc - tIHC.lIO tIaCOB pa60TbI norpY30tIH HJIH pa3rpY30tIHOrO YtIacma B CYTKH; ij - Cpe.ll.HHH 3arpY3Ka TpaHcnopTHoro Cpe.ll.CTDa, T; kt - K03cpcpHI1.HeHT HCnO.lIb30- BaHHH o6oPY,l\OBaHHH no BpeMellH, kt = 0,8+0,9 npH nocTynJIellHH rpY30B B naKenlpoBaHHoM BH,l\e tIHC.lIO naKeTOO B >Ke.lIe3110.ll.0pOIKIIOM BarOHe MO>KeT npHHHMaTbcH p = 54-;-60, B aBTOM06H.lIe p = 6+10, Ha 3.lIeKTpOTe.lIe>KI{aX H npnI1.enllbIX TeJIe>KKaX p = 2+6 (B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT j>a3- Mepa nOMoHoB). Cpe.ll.IIee BpeMH pa3rpY3KH e,l\HHHI1.bI rpY3a H3 BarOHOB npH H(!f10.lIb30BaHHH KOHBeHepoB npHHHMaeTcH 1 = 0,08-.:- +0,20 MHH (MellblUaH Be.lIHtIHHa - ,l\.lISI KOHBeiiepHOH: Ma- lUHHbI, 6O.rrblUaH - .lI..lISI nepe.ll.B10KHOro KOHBeHepa), a .lI..lISI MexaHH3MOBI1.n K.lIHtIeCKOrO .lI.eiiCTBHSI 1 paBHo npOLI.OJIIKH- TeJIbHOCTU pa6otIero peika Bper.f.fI I1.H KJIa 3.lIeKTponorpY3tIH Ka 1" = 0,01831 + O,144/i n + O,2/i K + 1,49 MHH, (2048) r.ll.e l - Cpe.ll.Hee paccToSlHHe TpaHcnopTHpoBKH rpY38 li3 TpaHcnopTflbIX CpeLI.CTB Ha ytIaCTOK npHeMKH H.lIM cpa3Y B xpalHiJIaw.e (M), onpe.ll.e.lISieMoe no cpopMYJIe I = 0,5 X X ([mllx + llllln), lmax. H lMn - COOTBeTCTBeHHO MaRCH- 624 
t li 20 o o 10 JO 50 70 l,!'1 Pac 20 9 3aBHcHMoCTM upeMeHH 9JJ<>KTpoliorpY3QHKa t a " tfHCJla peAcoB B "lac nt OT pctCCTOHH"H Tpau.:noprupouKH rpy.Ja I MallbHoe tI MHHHMaJIbHoe paCCTOflHH 51 TpaHClIOpTHpOBKH rpY3a, lIpHHHMaeMbIe lIO lIpe)l.BapHTeJIbHOR TeXHOJIOrHtIeCKOR lIJla- ""paBKe CKJIa)l.a, IiH - Cpe)l.H5I5I BbICOTa lIO)l.'beMa BHJI JleK- TponorpY3tIHKa B HatIaJIe peika npH B351THH rpY3a B narOHe, M; li ll - Cpe)l.H5I5I BbICOTa nO)l.'beMa BHJI JIeKTpOlIorpY3qHKa B KOHu,e peRca np" YCTaHoBKe rpY3a B llITa6eJIb HJlH B CTeJI- JIa>K M. BeJIHtIHHbI IiH H Ii" onpe)l.eJI5IIOTC5I aHaJIOrHtIHO t. BpeM5I u,HKJIa 3JIeKTponorpY3l1H Ka MO>KeT 6bITb on.p- Jleoo fIO rpa<pHKaM, lIpHBe)l.eHHbIM Ha pHC 209, nOCTpOOHHoYM Ha OCHOBallHH <POPMYJIbI (2048). Cpc)l.lIee BpeMH (MHH) O)l.HOrO peRca MOCTOBoro KpaHa, YCTaHOBJIeHHOrO Ha pa3rpY30lllIOM YtIaCTKe, onpe)l.eJIflcTCSl no opMYJIe 1 = 2/ 11 +  + 21 T + t M till V n V T O. (20.49) r)l.e ill - cpe)l.lIee paCCTOSlHHe nepeMerneHHfI rpY3a KpaHoM BJI.OJIb pa3I PY30tIHOrO YtIaCTKa, M (npHHHMaeTcSl no npeJI.Ba- P«TeJIbHOH TeXHOJIOrHlIeCKoff nJIa!mpOBKe KaK cpeJI.Hee Me>KJI.Y flaM60JIblHKMH H HaHMeHbllIHMH paCCTOflHMflMH lIepeMemeHHSl, C YQe1'OM pacCTOSlHH5I lIepeXO)l.a KpaHa OT O)l.HOrO MaCTa pa3l'pY3KH K JI.pyroMY); Ii - cpe)l.HflSl BbICOTa nO)I.'beMa- UJIM 625 
onYCKaHMH rpY303aXBaTa B npouecce nepeMew.eHHH rpya8 npM B3HTMH M YCT8HOBKe ero Ha MeCTO, ,n:JIH ,n:aHHblX YCJIO- BMM n = 1 M; /', - cpe)J.Hee paCCT05llme nepeMew.eHHH rpY3a TeJIe>KKOH MJIM 3JIeKTpOTaJIbIO no,n:BeCHoro KpaHa npH pa3- rpY3Ke; to -->0, BpeM5I Ha 3acTponKY H oTcTponKY rpY3a, MHH, to = 1+2 MMH B 3aBMCMMOCTH OT KOHCTPYKUMH rpY303axBaT- Horo npHcnoc06JIeHHfI, BH,n:a rpY3a H TeXHOJIOrMH pa6oTbl; VII' V n , V T - CKOpOCTM nepe,n:BH>KeHM5I KpaHa, no,n:'beMa rpY3a, nepe,n:BH>KeHHfI TeJIe>KKH HJIM 3JIeKTpOTaJIH, ,n:JIH nOk BeCHbIX 0,n:H06aJIOtlHbIX KpaHoB VII = 32 M/MMlI; V n = 8 M/MHH; v T = 20 M/MMH 4MCJIO rpY3013b1X CKJIa,n:CKHX e,n:MHMU, KOTopoe ,n:OJDKHO nOMew.aTbC5I lIa yqaCTKe BpeMeHHoro xpaHeHMH npH6b1Ba- IOW.HX rpY30B, onpell.CJI5IeTCH C YtleToM xpaHeHMH 3anaC8 nYCTbIX nOMOHOB, He06xo,n:HMb1X ,n:JIH YKJIa,n:KM H8 HMX rpY30B npM pa3rpY3Ke, R mij (k n 1 ) B X = G np + T ' (20.50) r,n:e (j - cpe,n:H5I5I Macca rpY3a Ha nOMoHe, T; kp - tlMCJIO napTMH npM6bITHfi rpY30B, KOTopoe ,n:OJI>KHO nOMew.aTbCH Ha yqaCTKe BpeMeHHoro XpaHeHHH, kp = 1 + 10 B 3aBHCMMOCTH OT TMna M Ha3HatleHHH CKJIa,n:a, pe}KMMa ero pa60TbI M HHTep- BaJIOB BpeMeHM Me>K,n:y npM6b1TMflMM napTHH rpY30B HS CKJIa,n:;  - tlMCJlO nOpO>KHMX nOMOHOB, COCT3BJIfllOW.MX O,nHY rpY30BYlO CKJIa,n:CKYIO e,n:HHHUY,  = 5+8 - ,n:JIfi nJIOCKMX nOMonOB,  = I - ,n:JIfi CTOetlHbIX H 51w.ntlHbIX nOMOHOB. 06w.ee tllICJIO o,n:HHaKOBbIX MexallH3MOB UHKJIHtleCKOrO .neikTBMfI, ocymeCTBJIHIOlU,HX nepeMelU,eHH5I rpY30B Ha pa3- JIHtlHbIX 3Tanax HX nepepa60TKH B no,n:CHCTeMe npMeMa, onpe,neJIfleTCfI no opMYJIe k -,, r -  60kt ' 1=1 (20 51) r)l.e At - MHTelICHBHOCTb rpY30noToKs HS i-M 3T3ne nepe- pa60TKH rpY30B, l!q, t l - npOAOJI}/{HTeJIbHOCTb OAHoro UIIKJIa pa60ThI MexaHlI3Ma Ha i-M 3Tane, MMH 10npe,n:eJIfieTCH no cpopMYJIaM (20.54)-(20 56) I; kt - K03<pqmuMeHT MCnOJIb30- BaHHfl o6opy.n.oB3HMH no BpeMeHH, kt = 0,8+0,9; k- 06w.ee tlMCJIO 3TanOB nepepa60TKH rpY30B H nOMOHOB B no)1.- CHCTeMe npHeMa rpY30B Ha CKJIa,n:, OHO npHHMMaeTCSI no TeX- HOJlOrMlleCKOMY npoueccy pa60TbI CKJIa,n:a. B HaH60JIee 06w.eM  
C'JfY'Iae B03MO>KHDI CJIe.nYIOII.{He mlTb &TanOB: nepeMeIU.eHHe rpY30B c pa3rpY30QHOrO yqaCTKa Ha yqaCTOK BpeMeHHoro xpaHeHIUI; nepeMeI1l.eHHe rpY30B C YlfaCTKa BpeMeHHoro xpa- HeHHSI Ha YlfaCTOK npHeMa H COpTHpOBKH; nepeMemeHHe rpY30B C YlfaCTKa npHeMa H COPTHpOBKH K 30He xpaHeHHSI; nepeMew.eHHe nycTbIx nO)JJJ.OHOB H3 30Hbl xpaHeHHSI HJIH 03 CneUHaJIbHOrO Ylf8CTKa HX xpaHeHHSI H8 YlfaCTOK npHeMa " COpTHpOBKH; nepeMew.eHHe nYCTbIX nO)JJJ.OHOB Ha yqacToK pa3rpY3KO HUTeHCHBHOCTb rpy30noToKOB (1I1f) Ha OT.l!.eJIbHblX 9Ta- nax nepepa60TKH rpY30B B UO.l!.CHCTeMe npHeMa mqkp At = ---=- . 1't},G (20 52) OOTpe6Hoe IfHCJlO HJIO 3aHSlTOCTb nlT86eJIHPYIOllI.HX Manum Ha npHeMe rpY30B B 30HY xpaHeHIISI onpe)l.eJISleTCH no <lJop- MYJle ,n _ mqt m w - [T] <TOOke' (20.53) r)l.e t m - npO)l.OJI>KHTeJIbHoctb o)l.HOro UHKJI8 pa60TbI UlTa- 6eJIHpYIOI1I.eH M8IIIHHbI, MHH OpH p8cqeTe nOTpe6Horo IfHCJIa IIITa6eJIHpYIOI1I.HX M8IIIHH npHHHMaeTCH kt = 0,8-;-.0,9, npH onpe)l.eJIeHHH 3aHHTOCTH IIIT86eJIHPYIOw.HX MaIIIHH kt = I. Cpe)l.Hee BpeMSI (MHH) O)l.H08)1.pecHoro UHKJI8 (TOJIbKO npHe\! rpy38 B XpaHHJIHw.e) CTeJIJla>KHOrO KpaHa-IIITa6eJIepa c pyqHbIM ynp8BJIeHHeM l =  jy* [s(a + 0,05) + 0,15] + s (a + 0,2)f + SVKl + -.!... [Ca (z - zu)(1 - <p) + 0,2] +  (b + 0, I) + 0,4, V s Vr (20.54) re s - tJUCJIO rpY30BbIX CKJI8.11.CKHX e)l.HHHU, pa3Mew.aeMbIx B K8>K)J.oii SlqeHKe no )J.JIHHe CTeJIJI8>Ka (Me>K)l.y CTOMK8MH), npHIIHM8eTCH s = I - )J.JIfi 6eCnOJIOlfHbIX CTeJIJI8>KeH, s = = 2-;-.4 - )l.JIH KapK8cHbiX (6aJIOqHbIX) CTeJIJI8>KeH, y*- cp e .1l. Hee qHCJIO rpY30BbIX CKJIa)l.CKHX e.l!.HHIfU no )l.JJHHe CTeJIJI8>K8, KOTopbfe npOXO)l.HT CKIll B K8>K.1I.OM peHce; a- .1I.JIHRa rpY30Boii CKJI8.l!.CKOll e.1l.HHHU:bI (p83Mep no )l.JIHHe 621 
CTeJIJIBma), M; b - WHpJlHa rpY30BOH CKJIaCKOfi eHHHUW (pa3Mep B TJIy6HHY CTeJIJla- ma), M; Cft - BblCOTa 1Ipyca CTeJIJIameH, M; Z - tJHCJIO npy- COB no BWCOTe CTeJIJ1a)i{en; Zu - HOMep flpyca no BWCOTe, Ha ypOBHe KOToporo HaXO.ll.HT- Cfl neperpY30tJHoe YCTPoHTBO .lI.JIfl npHeMa H BblatJH rpY30B H3 CTeJlJIamHOrO xpaHHJtHma; cp - Iw3$PHuHeHT COBMemeflHlI nO'beMa rpY303axBaTa C nef>e-- MeIII.eHHeM KpaHa-illTa6eJleva no ropH30HTaJIH (0 -< cp -< 1); v llh Vs, V r - CKOpOCTH .lI.BHmeHHH KpaHa, .lI.BHmeHHfl rpY3033XBa- Ta no BepTHKaJIH H BhI.D.BHme- HHfl TeJIeCKonHtJeCKoro r,PY30- 3axBaTa, M/MHH CpeHee BpeMfl (MHH) OJI,O- a.ll.peCHOro UHKJIa CTe,nJIam- HOro KpaHa-illTa6eJIepa C aBTOMaTHtJeCKHM ynpaBJIeHHeM l = max {  jy* [s (a + 0,05) + 0,15] + s (a + 0,2)}; 1,2 Will .!!..!!- (z - Zn) } +  (b + 0,1) + 0,1, V s V r 0.75 - 0, o J 10 15 20 25 z PHC. 20.10 3aBllcIIMOCTH BpeMe- HH O,ll.HOa)\peCHOro L\IIKJla CTeJl- ..aJIIHoro KpaHa-WTa6eJlepa t C OT 'IlIc..a BPYCOB B CTe....aJllax  (HJlII BbiCOTbi 30HbI xpaHeHHB H x) npll paSHOM 'IIICJle n0A,l\8H01l pa3MepoM 1200 X 800 MM no )\JIIIHe CTeJlJla- .ell y, BbiCOTe BPYCOB 1050 MM H ynpaBJleH 1111 - PY'IIJOM. 8BTOM3THQeCKOM (20.55) r.ll.e 0603HatJeHHe max j...1 nOKa3bIBaeT, tJTO HY)KHO IIttJ1Tb 1.2 HaH60JIbWYIO BeJIHtJHHY H3 BYX BbIpameHHH B cK06KaX II HCnOJIb30BaTb ee B aJIbHeHilleM paCtJeTe Cpe.ll.Hee BpeMfl O.ll.HOa.D.peCHOrO UHKJIa CTeJIJIamHOrO KpaHa-illTa6eJIepa C p.yq- HhIM H aBTOMaTHlJeCKHM ynpaBJIeHHeM npH HCnOJIb30BaHHH nOMOHOB pa3MepaMH 1200 X 800 MM MmKeT 6bITb onpe.ll.eJIeHO no rpaqJHKaM, npHBeeHHbIM lIa pUC 20 10 CpeHee BpeMfl (MUll) OHoa)J,pCCHoro UI1 KJIa MOCTOBorO KpaHa-illTa6eJIepa C pytJHbIM ynpaBJIeHHeM t M = 1,05 jy[s(a+O,05)+0,15]+s(a+O,2)1+ bV lll 1 C02 In 1 0" + v;- [ 11 (z - zn) (1 - cp) + , ] +  + 2n + ,4, ttO.56) 628 
rJre 6 - Koaq,qnHI.H.eHT, 3aJ3HC5UII.HK OT pacnOJIOmeHHSl YCT- pOffCTaa npHeMa rpY30B B 30HY xpaHeHHSl,  = 1 - B CJIY- qa. pacnOJIOmeHHSl YCTpOHCTBa npHeMa rpY30a HanpOTHB KpaiiHero CTeJIJIaLKa CeKII.HH, S = 2 - B CJlY'Iae pacnOJIOJKe- HIiR YCTpOHCTBa npHeMa rpY30B B ceKU:HIO XpaHHJIHllI.a uanpOTltB Cepe,l\HHbI Topua ceKU:HH, I[J - npOJIeT MOCTa Kpaa'IlITa6eJIepa, M, V T - CKOpOCTb ,l\BHLKeHHSl TeJIeLKKH p.flHa-llITa6eJIepa, M/MHH, n - 'IaCTOTa Bpalll.eHHSl KOJIOHHbI f<pa,ua-llITa6eJIepa, 06/MHH npH Bb!,n,a'le rpY30B 11.3 30Hb! xpaHeHHSl II.eJIb!MH nOMo- HaM", 6e3 OT60PKH, nOTpe6Hoe 'IHCJIO (HJIH 3aHSlTOCTb) llITa- 6eJIHpYIOllI.HX MaIIIHH Ha BbI,l\a'le rpY30B 83 30Hb! xpaHeHHSl np" pa60Te O,l\HOa.ll.peCHbIMH U:HKJIaMH onpe.ll.eJISleTCSl no IPoPMYJIe f B _ QfUl III - -, ncMT cMG60kt (20 57) rAe Q - pactJeTHbIH CYTO'lHbIH rpY30noToK BbI,n,atJH rpy30B co CKJIa.ll.a, T/cYT (onpe,l\eJISleTCSl B COOTBeTCTBHH C YKa3a- HHSlMH n. 20 2);, 1m - npO.ll.OJILKHTeJIbHOCTb U:HKJIa pa60TbI UJTa6eJIHpYIOllI.eH MaIIIHHbI, MHH; n CM - tJHCJIO CMeH pa60TbI CKJIaAa Ha Bbl.ll.a'ly rPY30B, n rM = 1 +3; T CM - npO.ll.OJILKH- teJIbffOCTb pa60'leH CMeHbI, TCM = 8 'I HJIH TCM = 12 'I. OpH BbI.lI.a'le rpY30B 11.3 30Hb! xpaHeHHH u:eJIbIMH nOMo- HaM" H oT60pKe ux 11.3 nO.ll..lI.OHOB BHe 30HbI xpaHeHHfI C O.ll.HO- BpeMeHHOH KOMnJIeKTaU:HeH 3aKa30B (3afIBOK, Tpe6oBaHHH, npHKa30B 11. T .lI.) nOTpe6Hoe 'IHCJIO (HJIH 3aHSlTOCTb) IIITa6eJIH- PYlOllI.HX MaIIIHH onpe.ll.eJISleTCfI no q,OpMYJIe a Qf m (2 - {ta/G) flU = - , :tt u < G, 60n CM T cM{}nkt (20.58) r.!l.e tt u - Cpe.ll.HHH B3BeIIIeHHaSl BeJIH'IHHa BbI,l\a'lH rpY3a O)l.HOrO HaHMeHOBaHHfI, T, k A A Qri. VB =  VniQ;"' 1=1 (20.59) of} - BE'JIIi'lHHa Bbl)I.8'1H rpY30B i-H rpynnb!, T; Qrit Qf' - rO)I.OBhIe rpY30nOTOKH npH6bITHH rpY30B i-H rpynnbI " 06U1.Hii no BceH HOMeHKJI8Type rpY30B, T/rO.ll. npH OToopKe rpY30B B 30He xpaHeHHfI 11. OJlHOBpeMeHHOH \,OMOJICK1aI1.HH 3aKa30B nOTpe6Hoe tJHCJIO (HJJH 3aHSlTOCTb)  
lliTaOeJIHPYIOW.HX MalllHH onpe.ll.eJISleTCSl no <j>opMYJle Q [tm + 1,3w min 1 0 ; V z } + 0,2 min 1<1; Vz\]/ 'm = 1,2 1,2 , (20.60) min {G, V z} 60 ncMT CM kt 1. 2 r.ll.e V z - Cpe.ll.HSlSl Macca rpY30B B O.ll.HOM 3aKa3e, T; min {O, V z } - 0603HatleHHe, nOKa3blBalOw.ee, tlTO B paCt:feTaX J,2 HymHo HCnOJIb30BaTb MeHblllYIO H3 BeJIHtlHH, CTOSlW.HX B CK06- Kax, T. e. G HJIH V Z . TpY.lI.OeMKOCTb PYtlHOH nepeKJIa.lI.KH rpYSOB W (tleJI -MHH/IIlT) B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT HX MaCChI g (Rr) CJle.ll.Y- lOw.aSl: )],0 0,5 CD 0,5 lJ,0 I,D 0,038 0,068 g CD 3,0 lJ,0 5,0 CD 5,0 lJ,0 10 w 0,315 0,563 g CD. 20 .11.0 25 CD 25,n0 30 w 0,855 0,960 npH pa60re .lI.Byxa.ll.peCHblMIf II.HKJIaMH (B03BpaT nOMolla nOCJIe Or60PKH H3 Hero rpY3a B XpaHHJIHw.e H BbI.llatla CJIe- .ll.YIOw.ero rpymeHoro nOMOHa H3 30HbI xpaHeHHH .llJlSl OT- 60pKH H3 Hero rPY3a) tlJleH (2 - {}/C) B <j>opMYJIe (20 58) npHHuMaercSl paBHblM e.ll.HHHII.e, a BpeMSl .llByxa.llpeCHOro II.UKJIa (MUH) onpe.lleJISleTCSl no Q:>OPM YJI aM: Jl,JISl CTeJIJIa)KHOrO KpaHa-IIlTaOeJIepa C PyqHbIM ynp3BJle- HHeM i2 = g w CD. 1,0 lJ,0 1,5 CD. 1,5)1,03,0 0,098 0,195 CD 10 lJ,0 15 Cn. 15 .no 20 0,690 0,7bO (a+O,2)(y*+4) + C,.(Z-I)+0,4 (1_rp)+ I/IU I/ B + 8(b+0,1) + 08' VI' ' , .llJUI CTeJIJI3mHOrO Kp3Ha-IIlTa6eJIepa 3BTOMaTHtleC)<oro. i2 = (a + 0,2) (2 + 1,05y*) + 0,5C,. (z - I) + 0,8 + I/ M l I/B + (b + 0,1) + 0,13. V r npO)),OJImHTeJIbHOCTb II.IfKJIa illTa6eJIHPYIOw.eH MaillHHhI npH BbI)),atle rpY30B C oT60pKOH rpY30B B SOHy xpaHeHHSl t = t w + 1,3wmin fa; V z ! + 0:,.2 min jO; VZ!/D' (20.63) I, 2 {}B I, 2 DOJIee nO.llp06HO MeTO.ll.HKa npoeKTHpOBaHHSl MexaHH3H. pOBaHHblX H 8BTOM8TH3HpOBaHHhIX CKJI3,l1.0B TapHo-illTytlHblX 630 (20.61) (20.62) 
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10603HaQeH1H1 nO)J.npOrpaMM C}f£<reM aBTOMaTH3HpoB8n- HQro npoeKTHpOiaHHJI Ha 3BM CKJIa.l(a TapHO-lllTY1JHbIX rpY30B Ha 3TOM pHCYHKe: VEL - onpe.n.eJleHHe cJIY1JaihlOH BeJlH1JMllbl napaMeTpa CKJIa.l(a, ZAP - onpe.l(eJIeHHe 3anaCOB rpY30B H BMeCTHMOCTH CKJIa.l(a; TIP - onpe.l(eJIeHHe napa- MtnpoB rpY3a - THnH1JHOrO npe)J.cTaBHTeml 1I0MeHKJIaTYP- HOH rpynnbl, OR I ---, opHeHTHpOBOtlHOe onpe.l(eJIeHHe napa- f\ferpOB CKJI, a.l(a OBS - COCTaBJIeHHe o6w.eH KOMnOHOBI<U CKJI, a.l(a CHE - BblIJOJIlleHHe 1Jepte>KeH CKJIa.l(a; SME- COCTaBJleHHe 06'beKTlloii CMeTbl Ha CTpOHTeJlbCTBO CKJl8Aa M oCHaw.eHHe ero 06opY.l(OBaHHeM; OBO - COCTaBJIeHUe Be- .l(OMOCTH Ha nOKynHoe 060pY.l(OBaHHe; STZ - "COCTaBJleHHe 3a.l(8HIUI Ha npoeKTHpOBaHHe CTpOHTeJIbHOH 1JaCTH CHJJa.na; SAZ - COCTaBJIellHe 3a.l(aHHH lIa npoeKTHpoBaHHe caHll- TapHO-TeXHH1JeCKOH 1JaCTH npoeKTa CKJIa.l(a, ELZ - COCTaB- JIeHHe 3a;l\allHH Ha npoeKTHpOBallHe 3JIeKTpOTeXHJoIlIeCKOH 'Jacm npoeKTa CKJIa.l(a, NEZ - COCTaBJIeHHe 3a.l(allJtll lIa npoeKTHpoBallHe lIecTaH.l(apTH3HpoBallHoro 060PY.l(OB8IUtH, POZ - COCTaBJIeHHe nOHCHHTeJIbHOH 3anHCKH no npoeKTY CKJIa.l(a. I 0603Ha1JeHHe MaCCHBOB HopMaTHBHo-CnpaB01JHOH HH«I>OP- Mal1.HH (HCM) B 6JIOK-CXeMe &JIfOpHTMa CAnp CKJl3Aa: ICX - HCXO.l(Hbie .l(aHHble; REZ - npOMe>KyT01JHbIe pe3YJlb- TaTbl paC1JeTOB; OPT - OnTHMaJIbHble BapHaHTbI 30HbI xpa- He,HHH; PRI - BapHaHTbI CTPYKTypbl nO.l(CHCTeMbi np.HeMa rpY30B Ha CKJIa.l(; BID - BapHaHTbI CTPYKTYPbl nOACHCTeMhI BbIAa1JH rpy30B co CKJIa)(a H T .l(. 206 OOPE.lI.EJ1EHI1E OCHOBHbIX OAPAMETPOB CKJ1A.lI.A COY4I1X rpY30B .LJ.JIHHa Y1JaCTKa H >KeJIe3HO.l(OpO>KHOrO nym AJiH OAHOBpe- MeHHoH norpY3KH HJlH pa3rpY3KH m B >KeJIe3HO.l(OpO>KHbIX BarOHOB onpe.l(eJIHeTCH no <jJopMYJIe . Lm = 15m B (20 64) TaKo" >Ke .l(JIHllbI npHIIHMalOTcH npHeMHaH TpaHllIeH }lJIH .l(PyrHe YCTpoHcTBa .l(JIH pa3rpY3KH rpY3a H3 nOJIYBarOHOB qepea OTKpblTbie JIIOKH lIa CnJIOIllHblX rpY30BblX +poHTax. ECJJH 3TH >Ke YCTpOHCTBa CJIY>KaT H OCHOBHbIM XpaHHJlllllJ,eM cblnyqero rpY3a HJIH eCJIH H3 nepBH1JHOrO OTBaJJa rpys neperPY>KaeTCH HenOCpe.l(CTBeHHO B 30HY xpaHeHHH CTpeno.. BbIMU, K03JIOBblMH, l1fOCTOBbJMH KpaHaMH, 3KCKaBaTopH, TO MHna llITa6eJlH Ha Y1JaCTKe OCHo.BHoro xpaaeHHSI "PHUM- 6a2: 
M3eTeH paSHOH )J.JJ1me p33rpY30qIfOrO y4acTKa It ?KeJla.3HO- .lI.OpmKHOrO nYTH. Lw = Lm. npH TOqeIJHOH nOrpY3'Ke HJlH pa3rpY3Ke BarOHOB C nplfMeHeHlfeM OYHKepHblX YCTPOHCTB .lI.JIlfH3 IllTaGeJlH He 3aBlfClfT OT .lI.J1HHbI nO)J.atIH BarOHOB H nplfHflMaeTCH TOJlbKO HCXO.ll.H H3 TpeoyeMoro ero OO'beMa V. OO'beM rpy3a (M S ), KOTOpblH HeOOXO)J.IfMO xpaHIfTb Ha CKJla)l.e (B I1lTa6eJlHX, CHJlOCaX, 3aKpOMax H )J.pyrHx YCTpOHCTBax), V = Ely, (2065) rhe 'f - paCqeTHaSi BMeCTlIMOCTb CKJla)J.a, BblqHCJlHeMaSi no )J.anHbIM n..- 204; y - OO'beMHaSi Macca rpY3a, )J.J1H yrJlH Y == = 0,8--;-.0,9 T/M s , .lI.J1H MHHepaJlbHbIX y,IJ.OopeHHH Y = 0,9--;-. -;-1,1 T/M s , .lI.J1H neCKa y = 1,45-;-1,6 T/M s , .lI.J1H w.eoHH H rpaBHH Y = 1,5-;-1,65 T/M 3 , .lI.J1H PY.lI.bI Y = 1,8-;-3 T/M 3 . . .LJ.aJlee Bbl6HpalOTcH TaKHe THn, <popMa, .lI.J1HHa, IllHpHHa, Bbico-ra ycrpoHcTB )J.JIH xpaHeHHH Cbll1yql1X rpY30B (lilTaGe- J1eW, CRJIOCOB, 3aKpOMOB H T .lI.), qTOObI OHH oOeCneqHJIH pa3MCIlI.eHHe BbItIHCJIeHHOrO no <popMYJIe (20 65) OO'beM3 rpyga V. npH OpHeHTlfpOBOtIHbIX paCtIeTaX pa3Mepbl ImaGe- JIeH pa3Hoii <pOpMbI onpe.ll.eJISlIOTCSI no <popMYJIaM, npHBe.ll.eH- HbIM B TaOJI 20 13, KOTopble BbIBe.ll.eHbI H3 YCJIOBHH V = = F Lw, r)J.e F - nJIOlll.a)J.b nOnepetIHOrO CeqeHHSllllTaOeJIH, M 2 ; Lm +- .lI.JIHHa IllTaOeJIH, M .LJ.JISI Toro qTOObi olIHioKa opHeHTHpOBOqHblX paCqeTOB ObIJI3 HeBeJIHKq, .lI.JIHIlY lIlTaOeJISI Lm cJIe.ll.yeT npl1HHMaTb He no 8epxy HJIH no HH3Y, a no cepe)J.HHe IllTaOeJIH no BbICOTe. .LJ.JISI paCqeTa pa3MepOB IlJTaoeJIew MorYT ObITb TaK)Ke HCnOJIL- 30BaHbI <POp MYJIbI, npHBe)J.eHHble B n 4 4 npH onpe.ll.eJIeHlf1f napaMeTpoB CHJIOCHblX CKJla)J.OB .lI.Ha- MeTp CHJIOCa D _ - nhd + V:n:lhld J + 4 (12V I - :n:hd J ) (J:n:Hfo + lIh) (20.66) - 2:n: (JH 10 + h) , a nOTpeoHblH OO'beM O.ll.HorO CHJIOCa . \ V l = Vlnc, (20 67) r.ne h - BblCOTa HH)KHeH KOHYCHOH qaCTH CHJIOCa, d - .lI.Ha- MeTp' HIJ)KHerO pa3rpY30tIHOrO oTBepcTHH CHJIOCa; V l - nOJIe3HbIW 06'beM O.ll.Horo ClIJIOCa; H - BbiCOTa BepXl1eM !tH.II'M'H.lI.pHtteCKow qaCTH CHJIOCa; fa - K03<p<PHI.{HeHT 3anOJI- OeJIHSI CHJIOCa rpY30M, fa = 0,9-;-0,95, nc - nOTpe611oe tt!1CJlO CHJIOCOB CHJlOCHble CKJla.ll.bI .lI.JISI 3epHOBbIX rpY30B npoeKTHpyJOT B cOOTaeTCTBHH C d11lCTpYKI.{HeH no npoeKTHpOB3'1UilO 3J1e)1a- 633 
T a 6 JI H U. a 20.13. c1JOPMYJILI )till! onpeAeJIeHHII p83MepOB wTa6e.neA, TpaHweii, 3aKpoMOB )till! cLlfiyqHX rpY30B nOnepe'lHOe Ce'leHHe I <%>OPMYJla 11'111 onpeAeneHHII OCHOBHb!X paSMepOB wTa6eJUI wTa6eneJI. TpallmeA. 3aKpOMOB AJI!I XpaHE'HH!I  _L ""  Bm = V2V/(L w tg p); H m = Bm tg p ; LIII = wBw. Bw = V2V/(w tg p); Hm[HJ Bw=VV/(Lwtgp);' Hw=Bwtg p; .Lw = mBm. Bw = VV/(m tgp); Hm(HJ Edt Bw = V/(LwHw); Hm - sa)J.aeTCSI, Lm = wBw, Bm = V V/(wHw) ; Hw = V/(wB)   B m > 2Hm . , H - tg P w - 2 ::!:: 1 ::!:: 2Lw V I,.-:nB:n tg 2 p - 4LmV tg p; HLw + V tg P . Bw = LwHmtgp , Hw VVtgp/Llli ' Lm=mBw; Hm b w = Bw- 2f1 w/ t gp, Bw= 2tgp ::!:: 1 ::!:: rnHw tg P V Htu + 4mHmV tg 2 p  I. Bw = 2Hw/tg p, Hw = V v tg p/Lui , Lw = III BUJ' Lw = w2H m/tg p; H II = -JI V tg p//:Iw. Hm  [II)   634 H" H w = Bm tg p, Bm = - tg; + 1 + nw tg p V Lfn (fr'w.) + 2V Lw tg p; Lw = /:ImBrii' H':n = (2V - Bw X X tg p)/(2Bj:\w); H'w.  IHJ 
n p 0 A 0 JI >K e H H eTa 6 JI 20 13 nonepe"HOO ce..eHHe wTa6eJl!l I 4>OPMYJla )VIB onpeAeJleHR!I OCHOBHblX pa3MepOB wTa6eJlell, TpaHweil, 3aKpOMOB )VI!I xpaHeHH!I !  H = Bm tgp; H  [H]; Lm = mBm; H-:n - S8A8eTCR; H':n 1 Bw = -tiP + -r;;tgp x X VL (Hw)2 + VL m tg p;' V - Bm tg p 2Bm Bm - S8p:8eTCR H" W  " J1 ":t: BUI ::r; , Bw tg P I Hm = :I: 2L,;; X X V B:UL tg 1 P - 4LmV tg p + ..... 2H' + 4LB:nH W tg p; Bw> tg; ; H  (H]. H-:n - S8)1.aeTCR. Lm=mBm n p H Me.. a H H e Hw - BblCOTa wTa6e.n!l, H - BblCOTa BepxHeil "BCTH wTa6e.n!l; H':n - BblCOT8 HH)KHell ..aCTH wTa6e.n!l, [H] - HopMaTHBH8!1 (MaKcH- lIaJlbHO AonycTHM8!1) BblCQTa WTd 6e.n!l , Bw - wHpHHa WT86eJl!l, p - yroJl eCTe- CTBeHHoro OTKoca cblny"ero rpyaa, AJI!I 60J1bWHlli:TBa rpY30B P = 35 +45"; 11m - OTHoweHRe )VIRHbI K wHpHHe wTa6e.nB 13 w = 5 +12, b w - WHpHH8 wTa6e./"1 no Bepxy. TOpOB, 3epHOCKJIa.ll.OB H .lI.PYrHX npe.ll.npHHTHH, 3.l1.aHHH H COOPYlKeHHH no 06pa60TKe H xpaHeHHIO 3epHa» (CH 261-77), a JJ.JIH Bcex JJ.PYrHX cbInyqHX rpY30B (l.{eMeHTa, XHMHqeCKHX MarepHaJIOB, MHHepaJIbHblX YJJ.06peHHii)'- no CTpOHreJIb- HbiM HopMaM CH 302-65 «YKa3aHHH no npoeKTHpoBaHHIO CHJIOCOB .lI.JIH cbInyqHX ren» He06xoJJ.HMbIii 06'beM (M 3 ) npHeMHbIX HJIH norpY30tJHbIX 6YH KepOB V qke (j = -:vr6' (20.68) fJJ.e q - Macca rpY3a B OJJ.HOM TpaHcnopTHoM cpeJJ.CTBe, T; he - K03cjxpHl.{HeHT, nOKa3b1BalOUJ.Hii COOTHorneHHe eMKOCTeH 6YHKepa H TpaHcnopTHoro Cpe.ll.CTBa, he = 0,3+1,2 - )J.JIH BarOHOB, he = 2+8 - )J.JIH 8BTOM06HJIeii; 'V - 06'beMHaH 63> 
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CH-aOlKeHIfH npOMhIlllJIeHHhIX npeJ(npIfRTHH» (CH 174-75 C H3MeHeHHHMH 1977 r) H d1HCTPYKII.1f1f no npOeKTlIpOBamfio CIfJIOBOrO 11 OCBeTHTeJIhHOrO 060pYJ(oBaHHH npOMhIlllJlE'!HHWX npeJ(npHHTlfih> (CH 357-77) 209 CAHTEXHHlJECKMI lJACTb fiPOEKT A B caHTeXHlfqeCKOH qaCTH npoeKTa npeJ(ycMaTpHBalOTcR CHCTeMali YCTpOHCTBa BOJ(onpoBoJ(a, KaHaJIH3aII.HIf, oTbnJIe- HHH, cHa6IKeHlfH CKJIaJ(a napoM, ClKaThiM B03J(YXOM (npH HeOOXOJ(IfMOCTIf) . BHYTpeHHIfH BOJ(onpoBoJ( H BHYTpeHHHH KaHaJIH3au.HR CKJIaJ(CKlfx 3J(aHHH npoeKTHpYIOTCH B COOTBeTCTBHI1 co CHIfO II-30-76 PacxoJ( BOJ(hI Ha CKJIaJ(e npeJ(YCM1!ITPW- BaeTCH Ha caHHTapHO-X03HHCTBeHHble "Y>KJ(hl, J(yrneBhle, TyaJIeThI, CTOJIOBhIe, npoTHBOnO>KapHhIe II.eJIIf C yqeTOM M8- KCIfMaJIhHOrO pacxoJ(a BHYTpeHHHH BOJ(onpoBoJ( CKJIitI,a nplfcoeJ(liHHeTcH K 06ID.eH ceTH BOJ(onpoBoJ(a npOMhIlllJIeH- Horo npeJ(nplfHTHH OpOTHBOnO>KapHhIH BOJI.OnpoBoJ( 06hIqHO OO'heJI.HHHIOT C X03HikTBeHHo-nHTheBhIM OpH paCqeTaX ceTIf BOJ(onpoBoJI.a CKOpOCTH JI.HlKe»I:fH BOJ(hI nplfHIfMalOT 1,5-2,5 Mfc, a conpOTHBJIeHHH Ha oTJ(eJIh- HhIX yqaCTKaX onpeJI.eJIHIOT no HopMaTIfBHhIM TaOJIHII.aM. .LJ.1faMeTphI TPYO nplfHHMalOT OT 20 JI.O 100-125 MM B 3aBIf- CHMOCTH OT pacxoJ(a BOJI.hI Tpy60npOBOJI.hI «Ha6HpalOT» 113 qyrYHHhIX HJIH CTaJIhHblX Tpy6 YKJIOHhI J(JIH TOKa BOJI.bI nplfHIfMalOT i = 0,003+0,005 KaHaJIH3aII.HH npeJI.YCMaTpHBaeTCH I1a CKJIaJI.aX JI.JIH CTOKa OT J(YllleBhIX, caHHTapHbIx Y3JIOB, CTOJIOBblX PaCXOJI.hl' KO- 3HHcTBeHHo-ohITOBhIX CTOKOB onpe)l.eJIHIOT B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT nrna H qlfCJIa YCTaHOBOK, K03<pqmuHeHTOB HX COBMeCTHoro ,lI.eHCTBIfH 1'\ HepaBHOMepHOCTH OTOnJIeHlfe If BeHTIfJIHII.1f1O npoeKTHpYIOT B COOTBeTCTBHH co CHHO II-33-75* (c 1f3MeHeHHHMH 1981 r), npH TOM pacqeTHYIO TeMnepaTYPY HapY>KHOrO B03JI.yxa JI.JIH JI.aIIHOrO paHoHa, CKOpOCTh BeTpa H OTHOCHTeJIbHYIO BJIa}KHOCTh nlm- HHMalOT no CHHO II-A 6-71 B 3ahpbITbiX IIE'oranJIliBael\1hIX CKJtaJ(ax npeJI.ycMaTpHBalOT TeMnepaTYPY +5 °C, a B KOH- Topax If OTanJIHBaeMhlX CKJIaJI.aX - TeMneparypy OT + 18 no +20°C Oc06bIe YCJIOBHH BJIa>KHOCTIf, OTOnJIeHHH H BeHTHJIHII.HH npeJ(ycMaTplfBalOT B CKJIaJI.aX OnaCHbIX rpY30B. CaHTeXHlfqecKYIO qaCTh npoeKTa CKJIaJI.a pa3pa6aThIBalOT C yqeTOM YKa3aHlfH CH 245-71 «CaHtlTapHhIe HOpMhI npoeK- THi>QBaHHH npOMhllllJIeHHhlX npeJ(npHHTHih. 640 
r JI a B a 21 nPMMEPbl npOEKTMPOBAHM CKJ1A)J.OB 21 1 DPOEKT CKflA MA TEPI1AflbHO- TEXHH4CCKoro CHAB)!\EHI151 KOMnJleKCHbIH npoeKT Mexaml3HpOBalfHOrO H aBTOM3TH- 3HpoBaHHoro CK.'la,lJ,a MO}KeT BKJUoqaTb B ce6H HeCKOJIbKO T6Mt)B, ,lJ,eCHTKH lIepTe}KeH 3,lJ,eCb npHBe,lJ,eHbI TOJlbKO OT,lJ,eJlb- HbIe <jJparMeHTbI TaKoro npoeKTa H TO He no BceM lIaCT'HM npoeKTa nOCKO.T(bKY npoeKTHpOBaHHe CTpOHTeJlbHOH, caHH- TapHO-TeXHHlIeCKoil H 3JIeK1 pOTeXHHlleCKOH lIaCTeH npoeKTa CKJtaJI.OB Be,lJ,eTCH no 06III.eHH}I{eHepHbIM MeTO,lJ,HKaM, no KO- TOpblM npoeKTHpYIOTCH H Bce ,lJ,Pyrue npOMbIWJIeHHbIe 06'beKTbI H CoopY}KeHHH, B 3TOH r J1aBe nOKa3aHbl TOJIbKO npHMepbI BbI60pa OCHOBHblX TeXHHlleCKHX peweHHil no TeXHOJIOrHlle- CKOH lIaCTH npoeKTa npH :nOM HCXO,lJ,Hble ,lJ,3HHble H ,lJ,pyrHe YCJIOBHH npoeKTHpOBaHHH HeClWJIbKO ynpOIII.eHbI bOJ!ee nO,lJ,po6uo MeTO,lJ,HKa npoeKTHpOBaHHH H3JIO}KeHa B CneIJ,HaJlb- HOH JlHTepaType no THnaM CKJIa,lJ,OB LlonYCTHM, liTO Ha npe,lJ,npHHTHH HMeeTCH CKJIa,lJ, MaTe- pHaJlbHO-TeXHIIlle-CKoro cHa6}KeHHH pa3MepaMH B nJiaHe 126 X X 24 M (pHC 21 1), Ha KOTOpOM nepepa6aTbIBaeTcH 12 TbIC T rpy30B B roJ], npH cpOKe xpaHeHHH 25 CYT 1'13 1500 HaHMe- HOBaHHH rpY30B 35 % COCTaBJISIIOT MeTH3bI, 40 % - 3J1eK- TpoToBapbI, 25 % - HHCTpYMeHT CKJIa,lJ, OCHaIII.eH TpeX'b- SlPYCHblMH CTeJIJla}KaMH C 1728 HlleHKaMH (TpH Hpyca 110 Bblcore, BoceMb CTeJIJIa}KeH no wHpHHe, 72 nO)],)],OHa no .n.JlHHe) , KOTopble 06CJlY}KHBaIOTCH 3JIeKTponorpy311HKaMH CKJla.n. pa60TaeT B TPH CMeHbI Ha pa3rpY3Ke }KeJIe3HOl1.0p0}K- HblX BarOHOB H B O.n.HY cMeHY Ha KOMnJIeKTaIJ,HH H Bbl,lJ,aqe rpY30B B IJ,eXH B CBH3H C peKoHcTpYKIJ,HeH H pacwHpeHHeM npe.n.npHSI- THSI B03HHKaeT HeQ6xo.n.HMOCTb B YBeJlHlleHHH rpY30noToKa MarepHaJIOB H KOMnJleKTYIOIII.HX H3.n.eJlHH J],O 28,3 TbIC T B roJ], 4HCJIO H3HMeHOBaHHH H COOTHoweHHe rpynn rpY30B, a TaK}Ke. cpolm xpaHeHHH rpY30B He MeHHIOTCH. Heo6xo,lJ,HMO BbInOJlHHTb npoeKT peKoHcTpYKIJ,HH, TeXHHlleCKoro nepe- BoopY}KeHHH cYIII.eCTBYIOIII.erO CKJla,lJ,a HJIH npHHHTb peweHHe o cTpOHTeJlbCTBe HOBoro, 60Jlee KpynHoro H cOBpeMeHHoro CKJla.n.a. 21 MaJlHKOr 0 B. 641 
PIIC. 21 I CYlI.\eCTBYIOII.\III CKJlaJ\ MaTepHaJlbll0-TCxHH4ecKoro CllaUJilCHll1I )1.0 l'eKoHcTPYKl(lIH C 'MeKTponorpys4l1KaMH I II TpeXt,IIpYCHblMH KJleT04H"'''" CTeJl- .aaJllaMH 2 npe.ll.BaplfTeJIbHbIH aHaJIH3 nOKa3blBaeT, 'ITO OCHOBlIblMH He.ll.OCTaTKaMII CYIlleCTBY10W.ero CKJIa.lta l BJIHIOTCSI lIenOJIflOe HCnOJIb30BaHHe 06'beMOB H lIel1.0CT3TOllI!aSI nepepa6aTblBa- IOw.aH CnOC06HOCTb LlJIH TOrO 'IT06bf YCTpaHlfTb 31 H He.ll.O- CTaTKH, paCCMOTpHM BapHallT oCHaw.eHHH CKJIa.ll.a 60JIee BbI- COKHMH CTeJIJIa*aMII, MOCTOBbIMH KpaHaMH-IllTa6e.nepaMH H HeKOTOpblMH .lI.pyrHMII YCTpOHCTBaMlI, 0 KOTOpbIX 6Y.ll.eT CKa3aHO .lI.aJIee (pliC 21 2) Onpe.ll.eJIHeM HarpY3KY (T) Ha nOMOH C pa3MepaMH d = = 1,2 M, b = 0,8 M npn BbICOTe YKJIa.ll.KH rpY30B C = 0,9 M no cpopMYJIe: G = abcfTY. npnHHMaH .lI..TJH MeTH30B 06'beMHYIO Maccy Y = 0,9 T/M s Ii Ko3<f><t>HlJ,lIeHT 3anOJIHeHHH 06'beMa nOMOHa IT = 0,9, nOJIyqaeM G = 1,2.0,8 0,9 0,9.0,9 = 0,7 T npHIIHMaH WIH 3J1eKTpoTOBapoB Y = 0,5 T/M s Ii IT = 0,7, nOJlyqaeM G = 1,2 0,8.0,9 0,7 0,5 = 0,3 T. €42 
OpHHHMaSi .nJISI HHCTpYMeHTa V = 0,65 T/M 3 If 'T = 0,8, nOJ1YllaeM G = 1,2 0,8 0,9 0,8.0,65 = 0,45 T. Haxo.nHM cpe.nHlOIo HarpY3KY DOMOHa J G =  GIP I = 0,7.0,35 + 0,3.0,4 + 0,45.0,25 = 0,49 T, 1=\ r.ne 0,35; 0,4; 0,25 - BepoSiTHoCTH PI OT,lJ,eJlbHhIX rpynn rpY30B B 061lI.eH HOMeHKJlaType (CM HCXO,lJ,HhIe .naHHbIe) B npOJleTe .nJIHHOH 24 M MO)KHO YCTaHoBHTb ,lJ,Ba MOCTOBbIX KpaHa-lliTa6eJlepa C .nJIHHOH MOCTa 1 M = II, I M. Tor.na IIHCJlO nOMOHOB (CTeJlJla)KeH), nOMellI.alOllI.HXCH no wIfplfHe CKJI, a,lJ,a x = 2.28{ b+:p+b } = 48 { 1,0+ :,I;O,85 } = 12, r.ne b = 1,0 If b = 0,85 - wIfpHHa no.nKpaHoBoro Ii cpe.n- Hero cTeJIJla)KeH, Bop = 1,4 M - MHHHMaJIbHaH wHpHHa npoxo.na .nJlSl KOJIOHlIbI H rpY303axnaTa KpaHa-wTa6eJIepa. ..A:A. 650 JOOO If}{J , 'A--f  I c::=:::J I r:::::::::J c==J I :- Jij; J ' Q 2M. J7><1J.fO.!til950 A-l PIIC 2\ 2. Bap"aHT peKoHcTPYKl\HH CKJla)l.a MaTepUaJlbllO-TexlIH'lccKoro CHa04 "CIIRSI C YCTallOBKoA nATHSlpYCHbiX CTCJlJlBJI<eA I, IIOCTOBIolX KpaHoB-wTafieJlepoB It npilcMHoro KOHBcAcpa 3 H YCTpoAcTBOM aBToBDcaAa B CKJlaA 4 21. 643 
BbICOTa flpyca B CTeJIJIa)!{ax: C n = C + /). + e = 0,9 + + 0,12 + 0,2 = 1,22 M 4HCJIO HPYCOB no BbIcore z = el(Hn - 0,2)/C a f + 1 = 81(5,1 - 0,2)/1,22f + 1 = 5, r.a.e H n = 5,1 M - BbICOTa nO,lJ,'beMa rpY303axBaTa Kp81:la. IllTI16eJIepa npH BbICOTe 3,lJ,aHHH H = 7,2 M 4HCJIO nOMOHOB no ,lJ,JIHHe CKJIa,lJ,a { 120-2 2-16 } y=e 1,2+u,15 =74. 06III.ee IIIfCJIO MeCT ,lJ,JIfi xpaneHHfI nOMOHOB B CKJI8,lJ,e R = xyz = 12 74 5 = 4440 CYToIIHoe KOJIlIlleCTBO Bbl,lJ,aBafMIJIX CKOMnJIeKTOBanHb!X rpY30B npH rO,lJ,OBOM rpY30nol0Ke Qr = 28,3 TblC TlrO,lJ, Qr = QrkB/T B = 28300-l,4/260 = 152 T, r,lJ,e T B = 260 CYT - IIIICJIO ,lJ,Hei'J pa60TbI CKJIaa na BhlMIIY rpY30B; ko = 1,4 - K03<jJt!JHIJ,HeHT CYTOIIHOH HepasHuMep. HOCTH BbI,lJ,allH rpY30B 4HCJlO nOMOHOB, KOTopbIe HY}!<HO xpaHHTb B TelleHHe O,lJ,HHX CYTOK co CKOMnJIeKTOBaHHbIMH rpY3aMH, R B = QfG = 152/0,48 = 317. OCHOBHOH 3anac xpaHeHlffl rpY30B E = (4440 - 317) 0,48 = 1979 T. fO,lJ,OBOH rpY30noToK, KOTOpbIiJ MomeT 6bITb ncpcpa60TaH B ,lJ,aHHOM CKJIa,lJ,e npH cpOKe xpanelIll51 rpY30B L Xp = 25 CYT, Qp :!::: E360h'xp = 1979 360/25 = 28 500 T/ro,lJ, TaKHM o6pa30M, npH OCHaIII.eHHIf CKJIa,lJ,a MOCTOBbIMH KpaHaMH-IllTa6eJIepaMH B HeM MomeT 6bITb nepepa60TaH 3a,lJ,aHHbIH rpY30nOTOK Qr = 28,3 TbIC. TIrO,lJ, npH cpo'Ke xpaHeHHfI rpY30B .xp = 25 CYT CYTOIIHbIH rpY30nOTOK npH6bITHfi rpY30B Q = Qrkn/Tn = 28300.2,3/280 = 232,5 T/CYT, r,lJ,e Tn = 280 - IIHCJIO CYTOK npH6bITHfi rpY30B B ro,lJ,y; k n = 2,3 - Ko3<jJ<jJHII.HeHT HepaBHOMepHOCTH npH6bITlfH (OpH. HHMaeM no aHaJIOmllHbIM CKJla,lJ,CKHM 06'beKTaM) 4HCJIO BarOHOB B nO,lJ,alle, nO,lJ,aBaeMOH no,lJ, pa3rpY3KY, mo = Q/ (qox n ) = 232 , 5/(24.3) = 3,3, npHHHMaeM m B = 4 BarOHa. 644 
3l1.eCb liB = 24 T - cpel1.HHH HarpY3Ka BarOHa; XIJ = = 3 - qHCJlO nO,lJ,aq BarOHOB K CKJIa,lJ,Y 3a CYTKH (no O,lJ,HOH nOl1.aqe B Ka)K,lJ,YIO cMeHY) LlJlHHa pa3rpy30qHOrO )KeJle3Hol1.opmKHoro nYTH Lrn = 120/2 + 6 + 15 2 + 4 = 100 M, rl1.e 120 H 6 M - o6ma51 l1.J1HHa 30HbI xpaHeHHH, a TaK)Ke TeXHHqeCKHX H 6bITOBbIX nOMememlii, 15 M - l1.J1HHa nYTH l1.JI5I YCTaHoBKH Ol1.HOro BarOHa BpeMH IJ,HKJla 3J1eKTponorPY3qHKa npH pa3rpY3Ke Ba- rOHOB t = 0,0183L+ 0,144h n + 0,2h H + 1,49 = =0,0183 18+0,1440,2+0,2.1,5+ 1,49=2,15 MHH, r,lJ,e I = 18 M - Cpe,lJ,HHH ,lJ,J1HHa nepeMemeHH5I rPY3a, h H = = 0,2 H h H = 1,5 M - Cpe,lJ,H5IH BblCOTa nO,lJ,'beMa BHJlOqIWrO rpY303axBaTa B HaqaJIe H B KOHlJ,e peHca Heo6xo,lJ,HMOe qHCJlO 3J1eKTponorpY3qHKOB ,lJ,J1SI pa3rpY3KH nO,lJ,atIH H3 qeTblpex B8rOHOB (m B = 4) B HopMaTHBHoe BpeM5I h'l m = 2,25 q npH BpeMeHH BcnOlvlOrareJlbHblX one. pauHH 'To = 10 MHH r = m B [(qBt/G) + I] _ 4 (24 2,15/0,48 + J) = 3,5 lTh H 60-To 2,2060-10 BpeMH IJ,HKJla MOCTOBoro KpaHa-WTa6eJIepa npH npHeMe rpY30B B CKJIa,lJ, H3 BarOHOB t;:F =  jy[s(a + 0,05) + 0,15] + s(a + 0,2)} + sV Hl 1 I 1 +[CH(z-ZIJ)(I-<p)+O,2]+ 2: T +2il+O,4= = ' j37[2(1,2+0,05)+0,15]+2(1,2+0,2)}+ + -&s [1,22 (5 - I) 0,8 + 0,2] + \2 + 1 + 2 2,5 + 0,4 = 2,27 MHH, r,lJ,e s = 2 - qHCJlO nO)],)],OHOB B HqeHKe KapKacHblx CTeJl- JIa)Kei1, V"l = 50, VB = 12,5; V T = 20 M/MHH - CKOpOCTH nepe,lJ,BH)KCII!151 I{palla, rpY303axBaTa no BbICOTe H TeJle)KKH no MOCTY; a = 1,2 M - l1.JlHlIa nO)],)],OHa, Cft = 1,22 M- BbICOTa Hpyca CTeJlJIa)KeH, Z = 5 - qHCJlO SIPYCOB B CTeJI- JIa)Kax, n = 2,5 06/MHH - qaCTOTa BpameHHH KOJlOHHbI KpaHa-WTa6eJlepa 645 
4ncJlo KpaHoB-IllTaOeJlepOB .n:JHI npneMa rpY30B Ha CKJla.n: B HOp'IaTHBHOe BpeMH ['t 1m = 2,25 If H3 lJeTbIpeX BarOHOB C 3arpY3IWil Ka>KOrO qo = 24 T np mBqB/::!' 1 24 2,27 'w = -=-- = 5 = 3,7, ['t]a60kt 2,2 0,48 60 0,9 r.n:e kt = 0,9 - K03<tJ<PHHeHT HCnOJlb30BaHHH o60py.n:OBa- HH 51 no BpeMelIH. BpeMfi H KJla Kpana-IllTa6eJlepa npH BbI.n:atJe rpY30B H3 XpaHHJlPrlUJ .n:JlH OT6opKH II KOMnJleKTaHH 3aKa30B eXOB npHI!!!MaeM t'J = tP = 2,27 Mi:lH. Cpe.n:IIHH nopUHH Bbl1I.alJH OAHoro HaHMeHoaaHHH rpY30B 3 :Os = 1: {}p,P, = 0,3.0,35 + 0,15.0,4 + 0,25.0,25 = 0,23 T, .=1 r.n:e {}Ol = 0,3, t)fJ2 = 0,15, "B3 = 0,27 T - nopHH Bbl.llatJH B uex}! MeTH30B, 1.7IeKTpOTOBapOB, HHCTpYMeHTa (3al1.aIOTCH B HCXOJ]JlblX l1.aHlIbIX), PI = 0,35, P 2 = 0,4, P 3 = 0,25 - BepoHTHoCTH Bbl)l,atJH 9THX >Ke rpynn rpY30B 4HCJlO KpaHoB-IllTa6eJlepOB, 3aHHTbIX Ha Bbl,naqe rpY30B lIa KOMnJleKTaHIO, r = Qt,r2-(1tRjG)1 = 1522,27(2-0,23/0,48) =2,8. {JOncMT cM{tnkt 60 2 8.0,23.0,85 Bpe'l1H HKJla KpaHa-IllTa6eJlepa npH norpY31{e a8TOMO- 6HJlH t nor = 1 ,OU!II -1 _ ° 33 - j- ° 28 +  + 0 4 = w (lMl ' , 4n ' 1,05 8 1 = 50 + 0,33 + 0,28 + 4 2,5 + 0,4 = 1,28 MHH, r.D.e 1m = 8 M - cpe.D.Hee paCCTOHHHe nepe.D.BH>KeHHH M09Ta KpaHa-IllTa6eJlepa npH norpY3Ke CKOMnJleKTOBaHHbIX naKe- TOB, BpeMeHHO xpaHHlllHXCH B 6J1H>KaHIllHX HtJeHKax CTeJl- Jla>KeH, 0,33 H 0,28 MlIR - BpeMH nepe.n:BH>KeIlHH I PY30- 3aXBaTa no BblCOTe H TeJle>KKH no MOCTY (1l3S!TbI H3 BpeMeHH lUfKJI8 Kpalla-IllTa6eJlepa t::!' npH npHeMe rpY30B B 30ny xpaHeUHH). BpeMH norpY3KII O.D.HOrO 8BTOM06HJlH 'fa = q".t':U°'"/G = 2-1,2810,48 = 5,3 MHH, r.D.e qa = 2 T - cpe,nnSiH 3arpY3Ka o,nHoro aBToM06 HJlSI. 646 
lJHCJlO O.ll.HOBpeMeHHO 3arpY)KaeMblX aBToM06HJleH m _ QrkBTIi 28300-1,4.5,3 - I a - T DT cMncM60ijakt 260.8.1.60 2 0,85 - · r.ll.e k B = 1.4 - K03qxpnI.lHeHT HepaBHoMepHOCTH CYTOlJHOH BbI.lI.alJH 4HCJlO KpaHOB-IlITa6eJlepOB, 3aHHTbiX Ha 110rpY3Ke aBTO- M06HJleH, OI' _ ma (qatOI' 10 + 1) 1 (2.1.28/0,48 + 1) = 1 2 W - ta 5,3' . llJlH Ol1pe.ll.eJleHHH o6ero lJHCJla 3J1eKTp0I10rpY3lJilKOB H KpaHOB-UJTa6eJIepOB COCTaBJlHeM Ta6J1Hu.y TeXHOJlOrUIJecKHx COCTOHHHH CKJla.ll.a, .lI.JlH KOTOpblX Tpe6yeTcH pa3J1HlJHOe IJHCJlO 3THX MallJHH (ra6J1 21 1). DpHHHMaeM 'IHCJlO 3J1eKTpol1orpY3- 'IHKOB 'a = 3. 'IIiCJlO MOCTOBblX KpaHOS-IlJTa6eJlepOB 'IU = 4 Y CTaHaBJlHBaeM IlJTaTbl pa60THHKOB CKJla.ll.a: 3aBeJlYIOUJ,ffii CKJla.ll.OM - 1. CTapllJHH KJl8.l1.0Blll.HK-TOBapOBe.ll. - 1, KJI8,i10B- HKH (no cMeH8M) 1 + 1 + 1 = 3, BO.ll.HTeJIH :MeKTpono- rpY3'1HKOB - 3 + 3 + 3 = 9; Ol1epaTOpbl KpaHOB-IlJTaOe- JIepOB 4 + 4 + 4 = 12 4HCJlO KOMI1J1eKTOBIlJ,HKOB PK = Q7nCM/(w8) = 152.7.1/(6.8) = 22 lIeJl., r.ll.e Q = 152 T/CYT - CYTO'lHblH rpY30noToK BbI.lI.alfU fPY- 30B; W = 6 T/cMeHa - HopMa Bblpa60TKIf B TOHHax Ha I '1eJI. B cMeHY CmlCO'lHble IlJTaTbl pa60THHKOB CKJla,lla C Y'leTOM K034xf>H- (UfeHTa l1epeXO,i1a K CI1HCO'lHOMY cocTaBY pa60TalOIlJ,HX fJJcn = 1,17 ( P = (2 + 3 + 9 + 12 + 22) I, 17 = 56 lIeJl OcHoBHble np01l3BO.ll.CTBeHHble q>oH,i1b1 110 CKJla:t.y nocJle ero peKoHCTpYKI.lHH K z = [HxXLe'IJ (Hx) + RRkeT + Lmk;H + 'aka + 'rnkw + + K BOP + lHoHkKoH + GouklllJ 10- 3 = 484 TbIC. py6, f.ll.e Hx = 8,4 M - BbiCOTa 3.l1.8HHH, X = 24 M - IlJliplfHa I1pOJIeT8 3.l1.aHHH; Le = 126 M - .u.JlHHa 3.l1.8HHH, W (HJ = = 15 py6 /M 1J - CTOH'I10CTb J M I1OJ1e3HOI 0 06beM8 CKJIa.u.a; R = 4440 - 'IIfCJlO 110.ll..lI.OHOB B CKJla.ll.e: Il = 0,04 T- pacxo.ll. MeTaJlJla Ha CTeJIJl8)K1f B p8C''IeTe Ha O.u.HH xpaHH- lI.luikH nONlOlI; !leT = 280 py6 /T - CTQH'VIocrb I T MeTa.nJlO- KOHCTPYKI.lHH cTeJIJIa)Keif; '.. '111 - tfHCJIO 3JIeK1pol1orpY3- 647 
T a 6 JI M r a 21 1 Onpejl,eJleHlte '1ltcJla KpaHoB-WTa6eJlepOR It 9J1eKTpO norpy3"tHHOR Ha CKJlajl,e C Y'IeTOM ero R03MOJKHblX TeXHOJlOrlt'leCKltX coeTOIIHMH KPdHbJ-WTd6eJlepbl 3JJeKTpoIIUrpys- '" "HKH " :c 4HCJlU 4MCJI( " - COcloHHHe CMeH.J :1! . ,Q ,Q  ... ...  8  0 : " 0 " g 2'" !j ",,,, ;:;"- :!! :.;u g: 00 : 8 ftg "'0 a "'... "'0  CQ", tot; '" 8 t aJu 0 TMbilo pas- HOqHai! 2,25 0,12 3,7 0,45 0,50 2,3 1,15 rpYSKa BarO- HOB Pa3rpY3Ka Ba- Beqep- 2,25 0,12 3,7+2,8 0,78 ° ° 0 rOHOB It BbI- HHH )l.aqa Ha KOM- nJIeKTaumo TOJlbKO BbI- To JKe 5,75 0,32 2,8 0,90 0 0 0 )l.aqa Ha KOM- nJleKTaumo Pa3rpYSKa .lIHeB- 2,25 0,12 3,7+ 1,2 0,59 0,50 2,3 1,15 BarOHOB It HaH norpY3Ka aBTO- TpaHcnopTa 2,8+1,2 BbI.l\aqa Ha To JKe 5,75 0,32 1,28 0 ° 0 KOMnJIeKTaUMIO It norpYSKa aBTOTpaHc- nopTa Bcero \18,2511,00 I I 4,0 1 1 ,0 I 1 2 ,3 IIHKOB H KpaHOB-IIlTa6eJIepOB, kg. kill - CTOHMOCTb OJ(Horo norpy3lJHKa H KpaHa-IIlTa6eJIepa; K Bop - 3aTpaTbI Ha co- OPYlKeHHe BOpOT j(JIH aBTOB'be3j(a Ha CKJIaj(; t HoH = 14 M J......, j(JIHHa KOHBeHepa JIH nOalJH naKeTOB rpY30B B 30HY eH- CTBHH KpaHOB-IIlTa6eJIepOB; k rwH = 150 py6 1M - CTOH- MOCTb I M JIHHLI KOHBeHepa; OnJ1 = 15 T - pacxo Me- TaJIJIa Ha nOKpaIIOBbIe nYTH j(JIH Kpa!IOB-WTa6eJIepOB; k M = = 200 py6 IT - CTOHMOCTb 1 T MeTaJIJIOKOHCTPYKIJ,HiL rOOBwe 3KCnJIyaTaIJ,HOHHWe pacxow no CKJIay norJIe ero peKoHcTpYKIJ,HH 8 2 = 3 p + (K 3 II + Kill + Knn + K Bop ) (Xl + K 3 (Xz + KcT(Xa + + K ill (X4 -t KR(X = 199 TbIC. py6.jroj(, 648 
r.n;e KsJJ. = 381 TbIC. Py6 - CTOIfMOCTb 3.n;8HIfH; Km = = 12 TbIC py6 - CTOHMOCTb )I{e.'1e3Ho.n;opmKHoro nYTH; Knn = 3 TbIC py6 - CTOIfMOCTb no.n;Kp8HOBbIX nYTeM .n;J1H KP8HOB-IllT86eJlepOB; K BOP = 5 TbIC py6 - CTOIfMOCTb BO- pOT .n;MI 8BTOB'be3.n;a H8 CKJl8.n;, K'd = 15 TbIC. py6 - CTOH- MOCTb Tpex 3J1eKTponorpY3tJIfKOB; K CT = 49,8 TbIC py6 - CTOHMOCTb CTeJlJl8)Kei'i, Kli = 16 TbIC py6 - CTOHMOCTb '1eTblpex MOCTOBbIX Kp8HOB-IllT86eJlepOB; KI< = 2, I TbIC. py6. - CTOHMOCTb KOHBenep8, a1 = 0,05, a2 = 0,34, aa:::! 0,052, a" = 0,15, a& = 0,25 - OTtJHCJleHHH H8 co.n;ep)K8HHe, aMop- 'I'H3811,HIO H peMOHT 3.n;8HHH If cTpOHTeJlbHbIX coopY)KeHHM, 3JieKTponorpY3tJHKOB, CTeJlJl8)KeM, Kp8HOB-UJT86eJlepOB, KOH- BeHepoB Ce6ecToHMocTb nepep860TI<H 1 T rpY3a nOCJie peKoHcTpYK- ll,lfH CKJla.n;a e 2 = 3 2 /Qr2 = 199/28,3 = 7,0 py6 h. TIpHBe.n;eHHbIe 38Tp8TbI no CKJl8.n;y nocJle peKoHcTpYKll,HH Jl 2 = K2EU + 3 2 = 484 0,15 + 199,= = 271,6 TbIC py6 /ro.n;, r.n;e Eu = 0,15 - HOpM8THBHbIM K03<pqJHll,HeHT 3KOHOMHtJe- CKOM 3qxpeKTHBHoCTH K8nHT8J1bHbIX BJlmKetlHH [JpHBe.n;eHHbIe 38TP8TbI H8 I T ro.n;OBoro rpY30nOTOK8 1t 2 = Jl 2 /Qr2 = 271,6/28,3 = 9,53 pya h. )J.J1H onpe.n;eJleHHH 3KOHOMHtJeCKOM 3ljJ<jJeKTHBIIoCTH peKOH- CTPYKll,IfH CKJl8.l(8 onpe.l(eJl5IeM TeXHHKO-9KOHOMHtJeCKHe no- K838TeJIH CYlll.eCTBYIOllI.ero nOJlO)KeHHH )J.J1H cp8BHeHHH pe- 3YJlbT8TOB 3TH p8CtJeTbI .n;OJl)KHbI 6bITb npOBe.n;eHbI no TOM )Ke MeTo,n:HKe, tJTO H .l(J1H npoeKTHoro BapH8HT8 06ll1.ee tJHCJlO nO)JJJ,oHoB C rpY38MH B 30He xp8HeHHH CKJl8.n;8 R 1 = xyz = 83.72 = 1728. 38n8c xp8HeHHH rpY30B E 1 = RG = 1728.0,48 = 830 T. [O)l.OBOM rpY30noToK npH6bITH5I rpY30B Qri = E 1 360IT xp = 830.360/25 = 12 TbIC T/rO.l( CYTOtIHbIM rpY30nOTOK npH6bITHH rpY30B Ql = Qr1kn/Tn = 12000.3,5/240 = 175 T/CYT, 649 
f){e k n = 3,5 - KOHlJ.HeHT UepaBUOMepHOCTH (6MbillHft, &leAf npH rpY30nOTOKe QI'2 == 28,3 TblC TIrO){). 4HCJlO B8rOHOB B paClleTHOH no){aIJe m 8 = Qd (Q8Xn) == 175/(24.2) == 4. BpeMH lJ.HKJI8 3JIeKTpCnorpY3lJHKa npH pa3rpY3Ke BarOHOB l = 0,0183.60 + 0,144.0,2 + 0,2-1,5 + 1,49 == 2,92 MIIH. 4HCJIO 9JIeKTponorpY3I1HIWB, 3aHHTblX Ha pa3rpY3Ke sa- rOHOB B uopMaTHBHoe BpeMH IT]1I( == 2,25 II, m 8 (  G B t + 1 ) , = _ 4 (24.2,92/0,48 + 1) _ 4 7 , 60 [11m - 10 2,25.60 - 10 -,. CYTOlJHblH rpY30nOToK BbIalJH rpY30B co CKJI3){3 Q = Q r1 k 8 /T 81 == 12000.1,5/260 = 69 T/CYT. BpeMH QHKJIa 3JIeKTponorpY3IJHKa H8 BbI){aIJe rpY30B H3 30HbI xpaueHHSI Ha KOMnJleKTalI.HIO t: == 0,0183.30 + 0,144.0,2 + 0,2.1,5 + 1,49 = 2,37 MHH. lIHe' JlO 3JIeKTponorpY3IJIfKOB, 3aHHTbIX Ha BbIalJe rpY30B H3 30HbI xp8HeHHfl n8 KOMnJleKTalJ.HIO, ,B _ Qt: (2 - iJB/G) _ 69.2,37 (2 - 0,23/0,48) _ 27 3 - 60n C \I T CMttBk t - b(j.I.{j.O,23 O,/j5 ' . BpeMH llJIKJl3 3JIeKTponorpY3lJHKOB npH norpY3Ke rpy- 30B H3 aBToTp3HcnopT t = 0,0183.15 + 0,144.0,2 + 0,2.0,7 + 1,49 == 1,95 MHH. qHCJlO MeCT O){HOBpeMeHHoH norpY3KH aBTOM06HJIeii ma = {[Tla - 'to} QrlkB _ (15 -2).12 000.1,5 2 60TBnCMTcMilakt 60.260.1.8.2.0,85 . 4HCJIO 3JIeKTponorpY3IJHKOB, 38UHToe Ha norpY3Ke aBTa- Mo6HJIeH, , == m d [q)/G + I] == 2 (2.1,95/0,48 + 1) = 1,3. [TaJ-'to 15-1 06ee IJHCJlO 9J1eKTponorpY3lJHKOB Ha CKJl3){e 3 'a ==  '1liPt = 4,7.0,22 + (4,7 + 2,7 + 1,3) 0,22 + 1=1 + (2,7 + ] ,3) 0,56 = 6. 650 
IlInrrbI pa60THHKOn CKJIaJ\a: PI = 3 + (5 + 5 + 6 + 69.7.1 ) 1,17 = 34 qeJI. OCHoBHbIe OHbI no CKJIay o peKOHCTpYKUHH K = (8,4.24.126.15 + 1728.0,04.280 + 100 x x 120 + 6.5000) 103 = 443 TbIC. Py6. rOoBbIe 3KCnJIyaTaUHoHHbIe pacxobI no cKJIay o peKoHcTpYKUHlf B 1 = 3.34 + (381 + 12) 0,05 + 19,35 0,052 + 30 x x 0,34 = 133 TblC. py6.1ro Ce6ecTOHldOCTb nepepa60TKH rpY30B o peKoHcTpYKUHH e l = 8 1 /Qrl = 133/12 = II, I py6 IT nplIBeeHHhle 3aTpaTbI o peKoHcTpYKUHH fi l = 443.0,15 + 133 = 200 TblC py6/roJ.l.. Y.n.eJIbHbJe npHBe)].eHIIbIe saTpaTbI II<! I T rO)].OBoro rpy- sonOTOK3 n I = 200/12 = 16,67 py6.1T. rooBofl 3KOlIOMH tleC Imii 3$PeKT OT peKoHcTpYKUHH CKJIa.1ta I1fi = (16,67 - 9,52) 28,5 = 204 TbIC. py6 fro)]. CpOK oKynaeMocTH KanHT3JIbHbiX BJIomemJii Ha peKoH- CTPYKI.I.HlO T K  - K, 484 - 443 0 4 = (l!t - eJ QI'I (11,1 - 7,0) 28,5 = , rO)1.a. TaKHM 06pa30M, peKOHCTPYKUHH H TeXI-IHtIOCKGe nepe- BoopY:Jl<eHHe CKJIaA8 MaTeplf8JIbHO-TeXHH4ecKoro cHa6meHHH 3KOHOMHtJeCKH 3<fxFeKTHBHbI. 212. npOEKT CKnAA rHBKOrO ABTOMATH3HPOBAHHOrO npOH3BOCTBA .lI.onYCTHM, pa3pa6aTblBaeTCH npoeKT rH6KoH npOH3BOJ.l.- CTBeHflOA CHCTeMbI (fnq MeX8HHQecKoA 06pa60n<H J.l.CT8JIeif (flfna «TeJIa Bpalll.eHlHI» C MaK<.'HMaJIbHblM AHaMeTpoM D 2 = = 50+80 MM, JJllfHoii /2 = 100 170 MM COOTBeTCTBY- IOlll.He pa3Mcpbl aarOTOBOK Dl = 60+90 MM, 11 = 106+ +J80 MM. rOOBaH nporpaMM8 Qr = 150 Tb1C .n.eTaJICII J\lacca AeTaJleH g2 = 1,2+3,5 Kl', Mocca aarOTOBOK gI = l 
== 1,5-;-.4,3 Kr, q:HCJIO m6KHX npOH3BO.ll.CTBeHHbIX MO.ll.eJIeH (rOM) 'rnM = 6, pacq:eTHoe IllTyq:Hoe Bpe:\1H o6pa6oTKH Ha O.ll.HOM CTaHKe t lm = 8 MHH, qHCJIO CMeH pa60TbI B CYTKH nOM = 2, qHCJIO onepau.HH .lI.JIH H3rOTOBJIeHH5I 3aKOHQC"moii .n.eTaJIH Ha pa3HbIx CTaHKax non = 3, q:HCJIO TpaHcnopl HbIX napTHll npH6bITHH H OTnpaBJIeHHH 3arOTOBOK H rOTOBbIX .lI.eTaJIell N TP = 200 llIT CHaqaJIa 3a.ll.aeMCH pa3MepaMH K8cceTbI B nJIaHe: a == == 600 MM, b = 800 MM YKJIa.ll.KY .lI.eTaJIeI1 B !(aCCeTe npH- HHMaeM B O.ll.HH psI.ll.: N c = 1 .lI.JIH Y.lI.06CTB8 3arpY3KH H C'beMa HX rpy303axBaTaMH neperpY30qHbIX P060TOB y CTaHKOB. Onpe.ll.eJIHeM q:HCJIO 3arOTOBOK (HJIH .lI.eTaJIeH) B KacceTe: npn YKJIa.ll.Ke no cnoco6y 1 (BepTHKaJIbHo) N Zl = e { 1 } e { 1 } N c = e { o } e { 8 } 1 = = 6. 8. 1 = 48 llIT.; npH YKJIa.ll.Ke no cnoco6y 2 (ropH30HTaJIbHO B.lI.OJI b Kac- cel bi) N t2 = e { 1 } e {+} N c = e { 6 } e {  } 1 = =6.4.1=2411IT; npH YKJIa.ll.Ke no cnoco6y 3 (ropH30HTaJIbHO nonepeK KaCCeTI>l) N Z3 =e{+}e{ 1 }Nc=e{  }e{ 8OO }1 = =3.8.1 =24 llIT. BbIcoTa KacceTbI C rpY30M npH cnoco6e I: C 1 =  + 11 + A = 120 + 180 + 10 = = 310 MM; npH cnoco6e 2: C 2 =  + D 1 + A = 120 + 90 + 10 = = 220 MM; npH cnoco6e 3: C 3 =  + D 1 + A = 120 + 90 + 10.= = 220 MM 06'beM, 3aHHMaeMbIH O.ll.HOll K8cceToll' npH cnoco6e 1. VI + a X b X C 1 = 0,6 X 0,8 X 0,31 = = 0,149 M 3 , npH cnoco6e 2: v J = a X b X C 2 = 0,6xO,8 X 0,22 = = 0,106 M 3 , npH cnoco6e 3 V 3 = a X b X C 3 = 0,6 X 0,8 X 0,22 = = 0,106 M 3 4HCJIO 3arOTOBOK, nOMeI.l.J.alOw.HXCH B 1 M 3 OO'beMa npo- H3BO.ll.CTBeHHoro nOMew.eHHH: 652 
npH cnoco6e YKJIa1l.KH l' nl = Nzi/Vl = 48/0,149 = 322; npH cnoco6e 2: n 2 = N l2/V2 = 24/0,106 = 226; npH cnoco6e 3: n3 = Nzs/v s = 24/0,106 = 226 DpHHliMaeM cnoco6 YKJIa1l.KH 1I.eTaJIeH Ii 3arorOBOK B Kac- ceTY NQ 1, TaK KaK OH 06ec netIUBaeT Hal1JIytIruee HCnOJIb30Ba- Hue 06beMa npOU3B01l.CTBeHHoro nOMemeHHH DOTpe6HaH rpY30n01l.'beMHOCTh KacceThI npH 3arpY3Ke 3arOTOB KaMH Oz = Nzglmax = 48.4,3 = 206,4 Kr; npn sarpY3Ke rOTOBhIMH 1I.eTaJIHMH 0]1. = Nl1.g2 mdX = 48.3,5 = 168 Kr. DpHHHMaeM rpY30n01l.'beMHOCTb nOMOHOB 0 = 250 Kf JJ,onYCTHM, tITO 3arOl0BKH 6Y1l.YT YKJIa1l.hIBaThCH B KaC- CeThI Ha 3arOTOBHTeJIhHOM yqaCTKe H nocTynaTb B f ADC YMe YKOMnJIeKTOBaHHhIMH KaCCeTaMH 3TO HaH60JIee pa- lI.HOHaJIhHbIH BapHaHT OpraHH3au,HH npOH3B01l.CTBa PaCtIeTHaH HHTeHCHBHOCTb BHeruHero rpY30nOTOKa npn- 6b1THH 3arOTOBOK B fADC Az= Qr(I+atjI0-2)k n 150000(1+510-2)1,5 TrncMTcMktNz 260280,85.48 = 1,39 nOMOII/tI, r1l.e a(j = 5 % - npOlI.eHT 6paKOBaHHhIX 1I.eTaJIeH; Tr = = 260 - tIHC JIO ,LI.HeH pa60Tbi f ADC B r01l.Y, k n = 1,5- K03tPtPHlI.HeHT HepaBHOMepHOCTH npH6bITHH 3arOTOBOK B f ADC C BHYTpH3aB01l.CKoro TpaHcnopTa PaCtIeTHaH mneHCHBHOCTb BhI1I.atIH rOTOBhIX 1I.eTaJIeH HS fADC QrkB 150000 1,2 1 06 1l]1. = Tr n CMTcM k t N ]1. 260280,85.48 -, nOMOH/tI r1l.e k B = 1,2 - K03tPcpHu,HeHT HepaBHOMepHOCTH BhI,LI.atIH ro- !fOBhIX ,LI.eTaJIell H3 f ADC Ha BHYTpH3aBO,LI.CKOH TpaHcnopT; kt = 0,85- K03cpcpuu,HeHT HCnOJIh30BaHHH pa6otIero BpeMeHH. PaCtIeTHaH HHTeHCHBHOCTb BhI,LI.atIH 3arOTOBOK co CKJIa1l.a Ha npOH3BO,ll,CTBeHHhIH YtIaCTOK 60r rnM 60.6 Ilz = tmlN z = 8.48 = 0,94 nOMoH/tI, PaCtIenIaH HHTeHCHBHOCTh nocTynJIeHHH rOTOBhIX 1I.eTa- eH C npOH3B01l.CTBeHHoro ytIaCTKa Ha CKJIa1l. 60'frlM 60.6 1.)1. = tmTN = 8.48 = 0,94 nOMoH/t!. 653 
J p"c 21 3 "JlaH pacnOJlOXleHHJI 060PY,II.OBaHHJI ATCC fA" MexaHo06pa60TKH: I - rH6KHe npoH3Bo,ll.CTBeHHhle MOAynH; 2 - YCTpoftcTBa npHeMa-BbIAaq" rpy. 90B y rnM. 3 - nOAKpaHOBbie II)'TH An" CKn8i\CKOrO POOOT8. 1 - "OHRenep. U8"onHTe.nb. 5 - CTe.n.na1KH TpeX'bRPycuhle. 6 - aRTOM8,.UQeCKHn CTe.nJlaJK" Hbi Kp8H-wTa6e.nep (cK.nai\CKoi! p06oT) OOTpe6Ha51 npOH3BO.ll.HTeJIbHOCTb C!{JIajl,CKOrO p060Ta !1c = (A z + /Lj{ + noulA-z + nonAJ fu = (1,39 + 1,06 + 3.0,94 + + 3.0,94) 1,25 = 8,1 nO.ll.JJ.OH/q, r.ll.e tn = 1,25 - K03<fxIJH1weIlT, yqHTbIBalQUJ.HH rpY30nOTOK HHCTpYMeHTa DOTpe6H8fI BMeCTHMOCTb CKJ1a.ll.a R = (Az't z + nOUAIJ.'tj{)/H = (1,39.80 + 3.0,94.80) 1,25; R = 421 nOMOH, fJ,l.e non - llHCJIO onepaUHH Ha pa3Hbix CTaHKax .lI.Jl5I H3ro- TOBJleHM Si .lI.eTaJIH B KaqeCTBe CKJIa.ll.a Bbl6upaeM CTeJIJIa)/{JibIH CKJIa.ll. C aBTO- M8THqecKHM CTeJI.'IaMHbIM KpaHoM-WTa6eJIepOM (cKJIa)l.CKHM p060TOM). Onpe.ll.eJI5IeM napaMeTphI CKJIa.ll.a H O.ll.HOBpeMeHRO KOMnoHoBKY rAD (pHC 21 3) BhIcoTa 51pyca B CTeJIJIaMaX C n = C + e = 310 + 100 = 410 MM. .lI.JIHHa npOH3BO.ll.CTBeHHoro yqaCTKa Lup = 'ruM (A('1 + Al InY ) = 6 (5 + 1,4) = 38,4 M. DpHHHMaeM .lI.JIHHY CTeJIJIdA<eH paBHoH )l.JIl1He npOH3BO,!{- CTBeHHoro yqaCTKa r AD. L CT = Lup = 38,4 M 4HCJIO HtJeeK no .lI.JIHHe CKJIa.ll.a y = Lc,./(a + AI) = 38,4/(0,6 + 0,2) = 48 DpHIIHMaeM KOMnoHoBKY r AD, KaK nOKa3aHO Ha pHC 21 3, Ii qHCJIO CTeJIJIaMei'I x = l. 004 
4HCJIO HPYCOB B CTeJIJIa)Kax no BhK:OTe z = 8 { b } + 1 = 8 { 4 } + 1 = 9. BblCOT3 CTeJIJIa)Keil H CT = lIa + (z - 1) C n + lIB = 700 + (9 - 1) 410 + 1200 = = 5180 MM. llIHpHIIa CTeJIJIajj{eH B CT = b + 'A = 800 + 100 = 900 MM. .D.JIHHa CKJIalla L(' = L CT + 210 = 38,4 + 2.3 = 44.4 M Bpe\1H llllKJIa CTeJIJI3)j\HOrO KpaHa-UlTa6e.n:epa onpe.Aem-!el'll no q;opMYJIe t m = 2y(a+AI) + 2z*CfI + ..!:..(b+'A l )+O,1 MHH, VI< VB VI' rIle z*, y* - ql!CJIO Sl'leeK B CTeJIJIa)Kax, KOTopoe KpaH- uITa6eJIep .ZI.OJI)KeH npoRfIl B llHKJIe no BepTHKaJIH H ropy,- 30HTaml. a = 0,6 1\1 - JJ.JJHH3 nO.ZI..ZI.Olla-KaCCe'fbl (pa3:\If'p BJ10JIb C fe.Ma)KeH); b = n , 8 M - ulHpmw nO.ZI..ZI.OHa-hJCCeTb! (pa3'vlep B rJIy61IHY c1eJIJIa)KeIJ); VI! = 60, VB = 18, v{ = = 8 M;MHH - CKOpOCTII J!BmKeHIIS! CTeJIJI8>KHOrO KpaHa-wTa- 6eJIepa no JlJIHHe (B.l!.OJIb cTeJlJIa>Keti), no BCpTHKaJlH II Bb!.l!.BIUKe- HHS! TeJIeCKOnHqeCKOrO rpY303axBaTa; C R = 0,41 M - BbICOTa Hpyca CTeJlJ18)Kefl, 1-1 = 0,2, A. = 0,1 M - 3a30pbI BIlOJIb H B rJIy6HHY CTeJlJI8)!(eii MeX(;JY T8pOH II liOHCTPYIi.llHflMI1 cTe.,'IJI3iKeil ,\1HHlf\13JIbHCe Epe\lfI llHl{JIa (npH y* = 0, z* = 0) 'miD = (4/vr) (b + '2) + 0,1 = (4;8) (0,8 + 0,1) + 0,1 = = 0,55 MIIH. MaKCHMaJIbHOe BpeMS! UlIKJI3 , _ 2 (38 - 4) (O.G + 0,2) + 2 (9 - I) 0,41 0 55 max - t;O 18 +, = = 0,91 + 0,36 + 0,55 = 1,82 Mill!. Cpe.l!.I1ee BpeMH UIIKJla t w = 0,5 (tm!n + t max ) = 0,5 (0,55 + 1,82) = 1,19 MHII. nOTpe6Hoe QHCJIO Kp8HOB-UlTa6eJIepOB npH Ko3<}JqnIlUleHTe HCnOJIb30B8HllH pa60Qero BpeMellH k l = 0,85 r, = !lc1wl(60k,) = 8,1.1,191(60.0,85) = 0,19. 655 
MaKCHMaJlbHaH 3arpY3Ka KpaHa-UlTa6eJlepa rro BpeMefIH , = 1'Jetmax/(60. I) = 8,1.1,82/(60.1) = 0,25 LlmrHa HaKOrrHTeJlH )J.JlH rrpHeMa H Bbf)J.aqH nOMOHOB KacceT H3 r AnC IH = (N Tpl N) (b + AJ) = (200/48) (800' + + 100) = 3600 MM BMeCTHMOCTb HaIWrrHTeJlH n H == e j200/48} = 4 KaCCeTbJ. r.ll.e N 1 P = 200 - qHCJlO 3arOTOBOK B TpaHcrropTHOH rrap'rHH. KarrHl aJlhHble 3aTpaTbf Ha C03)J.aHHe CKJla.ll.a H TpaHcrropT- HOH rrO.ll.CHCTeMbJ rH6Koro rrpOH3BO)J.CTBa K = lH eX Le'P + R (£akeT + k T ) + 'rnMkynB + IHkHaK + + Gollk M ] 1O- + 'wKw + K CAY = [5,5.2,7.44,4.15 + + 421 (0,04.280 + 12) + 6.200 + 3,6.110 + 8.200].101 + + 1 5 + 15 = 42,6 TbfC py6, r.ll.e He = 5,5 M - BblCOTa rrOMelll,eHIIH, Heo6xolJ.HMaH IUTH pa3MeU.I,eHHH CKJla.ll.a, X = 2,7, Lc = 44,4 M - illHpHHa H .lI.JlHHa yqaCTKa, 3aHHMaeMoro CKJIalI.OM H rpaHC rrOpTIJOH rrO.ll.CIfCTeMOH; 'P = 15 py6 1M 3 - CTOHMOCTb 1 M 3 rrpOH3BOJJ.- CTBeHHoro Koprryca, B KoropOM C03JJ.aeTCH fAnc, R = 421 - 'IHCJIO MeCT )J.Jl5I rroMOHOB-KacceT B CTeJIJla>l\ax CKJIa11.a, £11 = 0,04 T - MeTa.'1J10eMKOCTb cTe.'1J13IKetl B paClIeTe Ha O.ll.HH XpaHHlll,HHCH rrOMOH, k CT = 280 py6 IT - CTOHMOC'lb 1 T MeTaJlJloKoHCTPYKIJ.HH CTeJlJI3>KeH C MOHTalKOM H OKpa- CKOH, k T = 12 py6 - CTOHMOCTb OlJ.HOIO nOJUlOHa-KacceTbl; 'roM = 6 - 'IHCJIO rnM Ha rrpOH3BOltCTBeHHOM Y'laCTKe rAnc; k YnB = 200 py6 - CTOHMOCTb o)J.Jloro YCTpoHcTBa rrpHeMa-Bbl.ll.a'lH rpY30B Y rnc; III = 3,6 M - )J.mma KOH- BeHepa-HaKOnHTeJIH; k HaR - CTOHMOCTb 1 M )JJlHHbT KOH- BeHepa-HaKOrrHTeJlH; G nn = 8 T - MeTaJIJIOeMKOCTb no.ll.- KpaHOBblX rrYTeH )JJlH KpaHa-illTa6eJlepa, k M = 200 py6 IT - CTOHMOCTb 1 T MeTaJlJlOKOHCTPYKIJ.HH; 'ill = I - 'IliCJlO Kpa- HOB-illTa6eJlepOB B A TCC rnc; Kill = 5 TblC py6 - CTOH- MOCTb O)J.Horo CTeJlJIaMHOrO KpaHa-UlTa6eJlepa rpY30rrOJJ.'beM- HOCTblO 250 Kr; K CAY = 15 TbfC. py6. - CTOHMOCTb H- CTeMbl aBTOMaTH'IeCKOrO ynpaBJleHHH A TCC rH6Koro rrpo- H3BO)J.CTBa. 656 
rO.lWBble 3KCnJIyaTaUHoHHbie paCXOJI.bI no aBTOMaTHqe- CKOMY CKJIaJI.Y H TpaHCnOpTHOH nOJI.CHCTeMe r AOe 3 = 3p + (l(s}t + l(oo) at + l(CT a 2 + (l(H + l(ynB) a3 + + Kma4 + l(cAya o = 3.0,2 + (9,6 + 1,6) 0,05 + 9,8.0,052 + + (0,4 + 1,2) 0,25 + 5.0,15 + 15.0,1l = 4,47 TbiC. Pyo /IOJI., rJI.e p = 0,2 qeJI. - qaCTb TpYJI.03aTpaT CJIeCapH H 9JIeK- <rpHKa - HaJIaJI.qHKOB A Tee roe; l(s}t = 9,6, K 110 = = 1,6 TbIC. py6 - CTOHMOCTb qaCTH npOH3BOJI.CTBeHIlOro 3JI.3HHH, 3aHHMaeMoro ATee roe, H nOJI.KpaHOBblx nYTcH .lI.JH1 8BTOMaTHqeCKOrO CTeJIJIaIKHOrO KpaHa-UlTaOeJIepa; K CT = = 9,8, K H = 0,4 H l(ynB = 1,2 TbIC. Py6 - CTOl1MOCTH CTeJIJIaH<eH, KOHBeHepa-HaKbmneJIH H YCTPOHCTB npHeMa- BblJI.a'U1 rpY30B Y rHoKHx npOH3BOJI.CTBeHHblx MOJI.YJIeH; at = 0,05, a2 = 0,052, a3 = 0,25, a 4 = 0,15, a o = 0,11 - OTqHCJIeHHH Ha COJI.epIKaIIHe, aMopTl13aUHIO H pe\10HT npo- H3BOJI.CTBeHHoro 3}18HHH, CTeJIJIaIKeH, KOHBeHepoB H nepe- rpY30qHbiX YCTPOHCTB, KpanOB-UlTaOeJIepOB H CHCTeMbi aBTO- MaTHqeCKOrO ynpaBJICHHH npHBeJI.eHIlbIe 3aTpa1b1 no ATee roe [] = KEn + 3 = 42,6.0,15 + 4,47 = 10,86 TbIC. py6 IroJI.. ee6eCTOHMOCTb nepepa60TKH rpY30B B A Tee roe .910 3 4470 10 3 e = Qrgz = i50000 2,3 13 py6 IT, rJI.e g2 = 2,3 Kr - CpeJI.HSHI Macca OJI.Hoii JI.eTaJIH .lI.aJIee BbInOJIHHIOTCfI aH3JIOrHqHble paCqeTbl no JI.PyrIlM BapHaHTaM A Tee roe H Bbl6HpaeTcH BapHaHT C MHHHMaJIb- HhlMH npHBeJJ.emlblMH 3aTpaTa'v1H 213 OPOEKT CKJ1A.lI.A HIiEPTHbIX CTPOHTEJ1bHbIX MATEPHA.'10B 3ABO.lI.A >KEJ1E305ETOHHbIX H3.lI.EJ1HfL .lI.onYCTIIM, HY)KHO BbmOJIHIITb npoeKT CKJIaJJ.a neCqaHO- rpaBHI1HOH CMecH JI.JIH 3aBO,lJ.a )KeJIe306eToHHb1X H3,lJ.eJIHH. fOD,OBOif I pY30nOTOK npn6bITHfi cbrnyqerO rpY3a Qr = = 500 TbiC T/roJJ. OeCqaHO-rpaBnHHaH CMeCb ,lJ.OCTaBJIHeTCH Ha npeJI.npnflTHe Ha nJIaTOpMax B KOJIbueBblX MapmpYTax (BepTYillKax) no 12 nJIaTOpM B COCTaBe (m B = 12) 06'beM- Hafl M3cca rpY33 '\' = 1,55 T/M 3 , yroJI eCTeCTBeHHoro OTKoca B nOKoe p = 40°. 657 
acca rpY3a B COCTaBe G c = mBiiB = 12.65 = 780 T, rAe qB = 0,65 T - HarpY3Ka OAHOU nJIanpClpMbI. lJHCJIO cocTaBoB, npHObIBalOlll.HX 3a rOA, No = Qc/Go = 500000(780 = 64l nOCKOJIbKY No> 365, TO tUlCJIO AaeH npU6bITHH Tn = 365. CYTOqlIbIH rpY30nOTOK npu6blTH 51 rpY30n MO)!{eT 6bITb OAHOH H3 ABYX BeJIII'IHH, TalC KaK 38 CYTKH MorYT npIlihlf 01\HII HJIII ABa KOJIbu.eBbIX MapwpYTa (<<Bep rYWKIf») C rpY30\1, Q E [780, 15GC} BepOHTHOCTb npH6bITHH oJ1.HofI BepTywlm B CYTKH P (Q = 780 T) = 365/641 = 0,57. BepOfIfHOCTb npHObITH5I ;J.BYX BcpTYlUeK B CYTKH P (Q = 1560 T) = (641 - 365)/641 = 0,43 DOJIY'IHJiOCb TaHOe pacnpe.n.CJIeIlf.H:: cyrotIHoro rpY30norOh8 npHOblTHH rpY30B Ha CKJJa/!,' n ( 780 1560 ) Qc = 0,57 0,43,' I1HTepBaJI npH6bITHH BepTyweK. AT = TfJ24/N c = = 365.24/641 = 14 q DOTpeoHaH npoH3BOAHTeJIbHOCTb pa3rpY30QUbiX YCTPOllcTB Qpaa = G o /( [. J - 'to) = = 780/(3 - 0, I) = 269 T/q, r.ll.e Go = 780 T - Macca rpY38 B COCTaEe; ['t) = 3 Q- HopMaTHBHoe BpeMH pa3 PY3KH; .1} = 0,1 Q - BpeMSI H8 no.nrOT.OBHTeJlbHO-3aKJIIOQHTeJIbHble onepau.UH (OTKp blBaHHe H 3aKpblBaHHe t'iOpTOB flJIaT4>oPM). DpHHHMaeM BapHaHT pa3rpY30 t IHoro YCTpoHcTBa co lliTaff- rOBhlM pa3rpysQHKOM nJl8T<PoPM T-182A. lJHCJIO p83rpY3- QHKOB T-182A B npHeMHOM YCTPOHCTBe TaKOBO: fp = QpaalQy = 269L180 = 1,5, npHHHMaeM fp = 2 MaWHllbi. 658 
llJHpHHa J1eHTbI KOHBeHepa, nO)1alOIIJ.ero rpY3 C pa3rpy- 30'lHOrO Y'IaCTKa Ha CKJIa.n., B = 1 1 ( ""I I Qpa + 005 ) = , V kq,ukay , ( ""II 269 ) = 1,1 V 5501,:::5.0,85 1,55 +0,05 = 0,65 M, rJf,e k = 550 - K03<p<pHUHeHT, 3aBHCflIIJ.HH OT yrJIa OTKoca rpY3a Ha JIelne (npHHHMae1\1 20°) H KOHCTPYKUHH BepxlleH pOJIHKOOnOpbl ()KeJ!06'1aTaH C TpeMH pOJIHKaMH, 6oKoBbie pOJIHKH HMelOT  rOJI HaKJIOHa a H (= 20°), v = 1,25 M,'C- CKOpOCTb .lJ.BHMeHHH JIeHTbl KOHBeilepa, ka = 0,85 - K03<p- <pHUHeHT, 3aBHcHUJ.HH OT yrJIa HaKJIOHa KOHBel!epa (npHHH- MaeM a = 20°) H nO.ll.BHMHOCTH 'IaCTHU rpY38 Ha JIeHTe (npH- HHMaeM Cpe.ll.H101O nO.ll.BH)KHOCTb) OpHHHMaeM umpHHY JleHTbI B =- 650 MM Cpe.IJ.HecyrO'lHbIH rpY30noToK Bbl.IJ.a'lH rpY3a lIa npOH3- BO.ll.CTBO Q = QrlT B = 500000/260 = 1920 T/CYT. <1>opMHpyeM pacnpe.ll.eJIeHHe CYTO'lHOrO rpY30noToKa Bbl- .lI.a'lH rpY3a Ha npoH3BO.IJ.CTBO (no MeTO.IJ.Y, nOKa3aHHoMY B n. 20 2) B _ ( 1000 2000 Q - 0,28 0,52 3000 ) 0,20 ' r,ne 1000, 2000, 3000 T/CYT - B03MOMHble CYTO'lllbie rpY30- nOTOKH BbI.lI.a'lH rpY3a; 0,28, 0,52, 0,20 - BepoHTHoCTH 3THX rpY30noToKoB npoBepHeM npaBHJIbHOCTb COCTaBJIeHHH pacnpe.ll.eJIeHHH Q = 1000.0,28 + 2000.0,52 + 3000.0,20 = 1920 T/CYT. Pacnpe.IJ.eJIeHHe COCTaBJIeHO npaBHJIbHO CTpaxoBoH 3anac rpY30B npH nocTynJIeHHH Ha CKJIa.ll. /3 = Q max - Q mm = 1560 - 1000 = 560 T CTpaxoBoH 3anac rPY30B npH cHa6MeHHH npOH3BO.ll.CTBa n = Q msx - Q mln = 3000 - 780 = 2200. OpHHHMaeM cTpaxoBoH sanac /0 = max {lo; /g} = max 1560; 2220} = 2220 T. 1,2 1,2 659 
B03MOIKHoe KOJmqeCTBO rpY3a Ha CKJIaJ],e Hero BepOSIT- HOCTH /1 = 2220 + 780 - 1000 = 2000; P (11) = 0,57 X X 0,28 = 0,16, /2 = 2220 + 780 - 2000 = 1000, P (lJ = 0,57 X X 0,52 = 0,30, Is = 2220 + 780 - 3000 = 0; P (lJ = 0,57.0,2 = = 011 14 = 2220 + 1560 - 1000 = '2780; P (/4) = 0,43 X X 0,28 = 0,12; 15 = 2220 + 1560 - 2000 = 1780; P (/5) = 0,43 X X 0,52 = 0,22; 16 = 2220 + 1560 - 3000 = 780; P (/6) = 0,43.0,2 = = 009 DpOBep HeM npaBHJIbllOl1b' onpeJ],eJIellllSl BepOflfHOCTeH CKJIaJ],CKHx 3anaCOB rpY3a 6 L PI = 0,16 + 0,30 + 0,11 + 0,12 + 0,22 + 0,9 = 1,00. ;=1 BepOHTHOCTH onpeJ],eJIeHbI npaBHJIbHO, TaK KaK HX CYMMa paBHa I nOJIyqHJIOCb TaKoe pacnpeJ],eJIeHHe CKJIaJ],CKHX 3anaCOB: I . . . . . . . . . .. 0 780 1000 1780 2000 2780 P (I) . . . . . . . . . 0,11 0,09 0,30 0,22 0,16 0,12 F(I) ...... ..0,11 0,20 O,5Q 0,72 0,88 1,00 3J],ecb P (l) - BepoHTHOCTH oTJ],eJIbHbIX BeJIHqHlI 3anacOB rpY3a Ha CKJIaJ],e, F (I) - HHTerpaJIbH3H cpYHKlI.HH pacnpe- J],eJIeUHH CKJIaJ],CKHX 3anacoB, 3HaqeIUJ 51 KOTOpOH nOJIyqaIOTCH CYMMHpoBaHHeM oTJ],eJIbHbIX BepOHTHOCTeH CJIeBa HanpaBO, BKJIIOqaH BepOHTHOCTb paccMaTpHBaeMoro 3anaca rpY30B. 3aJ],aeMCH J],OBepHTeJIbHOH BepoHTHOCTblO onpeJ],eJIeHlIH CKJIaJ],- CKI1X 3anaCOB [P] = 0,95 TorJ],a I1CKOMaH BeJIl1qHlIa 3a- naca HaXOJ],HTCH B I1HTepBaJIe 1* E [2000; 2780 J. Onpe,l\e- nHeM STY BeJIHqHHY no cpopMYJIe JIHHCHHOH HHTepnOJIHlI.HH 1* = 2000 + : = :: (2780 - 2000) = 24::>5 T. TaKI1M o6pa30M, npH YCTaHOBJIeHHLIX 3aKOHoMepHocTHX npH6bITHH H pacxoJ],oBaHI1H rpY3a co CKJIaJ],a J],OCTaTOqeH 3anac 't'xp = I./Q = 2455/1920 = 1,3 CYT. C yqerOM pe3epBa npl1 c605JX B cHa6IKeHHH neCqaHO-rpa- BI1HHOH CMeCbIO I1JII1 B CJIyqaSlX OCTaHOBIm npoH3BoJ],CTBa 660 
H   A-+I Pnc 21 4. XPCOTOBO-3cT8K3)l.nblii CKJl8)\ .mcpTHWX CTpOHTCJlbnblX M8TCpn8J10B C (iYHKCPHblM npHc'mbiM YCTpoiicTBOM 1, OCH81l\HHbIM WT8HrOBbiM p83rpY3'lH_ KOM nJl8T<jJopM 2 - MOJKHO npHHHTb BMeCTHMOCTb CKJIa,n:a, paBHYIO lO-cYTOIJ- HOMY 3anacy rpY3a: E = ['t XV ] Q = 10.1920 = 19200 T. Heo6xolJ.HMbIH 05'beM rpY3a Ha CKJIa,n:e V = E/V = 19200/1,55 = 12390 M 3 . npHIIHMaeM BapHaHT xpe6ToBo-3cTaKa,n:Horo CKJIalJ.a co UlTa6e.neM, HMelOllI.HM B CeIJeHIfH <POp MY TpaneQHH (pHC. 21 4). Era pa3MepbI onpe,n:eJI5IeM no <popMYJIaM, npHBe,n:eHHbIM B Tf!5JI. 20 13. 661 
npHHHMaeM npe.1l.BapHTeJIbHO BbICOTY lIlTa6eJIH Hm = = 8 M, OTHOlueHHe .1I.JIHHbI IUTa6eJIH K lUHpHHe w = 8 II tg p = 0,84 H onpe.1l.eJIHeM lUHpl1HY lUTaOeJIH B nepnoM npH6JIIDKeHlui B Hm + I , r H 4 R2 + 4 R 1 'J V t 2 m= 2tgp 2mHw tgp V ill P W .... ill J ill g p= = 2 .&4 + 2 Ii 8O.84 y.82 + 4.8..12 3!JO.O,tW= 19,5 M. npHlIHMaeM lUHPHHY lUTa6eJIH Bm = 20 M, lUlIPHHY lUTa6eJI 51 no Bepxy b w = 1,5 M (c YtJCTOM OTCbIllaH II H illT'I- 6eJHI .1I.BYXCTopoHHeH BOpOHKOH pa3rpY30QHOH c6paCbIB<1- IOlII.eii TeJIeiKKH) H onpe.1l.eJIHeM YTOqHeHHYIO BbICOTY 1IITa6eJIH Hill = (tg p/2) (Bm - bill) = (0,84/2) (20 - 1,5) = 7,77 M. n.'lOlII.a.1l.b nonepetJIIoro CeqeHH H lUT a6eJI H F - 8m + bUJ H - 20 + 1.5 7 77 - 835M 2 . w- 2 m- 2 ,-, PaCqeTHaH .lI.JIHHa lUTa6eJIH L:U = V/Fw = 12390/83,5 = 148,4 M. .llei\cTBHTeJIbHaH .1I.JIHHa illTa6eJIH no HH3y Lm == L:U + (Hudtgp) = 148,4 + (7,77;0,84) = 157,7 M. ,lI,JIHHa 3CTaKa.1l.bI, KOTopaH .1I.OJImHa 6blTb KpaTHa 12 M, La = 12. 13 = 156 M. CxeMa cnpoeKTwpoBaliHoro CKJIa.1l.a necqaHO-rpaBHIIHOH CMeCH .1I.JIH 3aBO.1l.a meJIe306eTOHHbiX H3.11.eJIHH nOKa3aHa Ha pHC. 21.4. Co CKJIa.1l.a rPY3 Bbl.1l.aeTCH Ha npOH3BO,l.(CTBO JIeH- TOqHbIM KOHBenepOM. PaCtleTHaH npOH3BO.1I.HTeJIbHOCTb BbI- .1I.aqH rpY3a Ha npoH3Bo.1l.CTBO Q = Qk';(nCMTc..) = 3000.1,2/(2.8) = 225 T/q, r.1l.e k.. = 1,2 - K03cpcpHuHeHT qaCOBO" HepaBHoMepHocTH; n CM = 2 - qHCJIO CMeH pa60Tbi 3aBO.1l.a B CYTKH; TCM = = 8 'I - npO.1l.0JImHTeJIbHOCTb pa60'leH CMeHbI llIHpHHa JIeHTbl KOHBenepa, BbI.1I.alOlII.erO rpY3 co CKJIa.1l.a Ha npOH3BO.1l.CTBO, B= t,I(V +O,05)= = 1,1 (11 550 1,2::g,85'1,55 + 0,05) = 0,605 M. 662 
npHHHMaeM CTaH.n.apTHYIO llIUPHHY JreHTbI B = 650 MM. JJ.JIHHa pa3rpY30tJHOrO IKeJIe3HOlJ.OpO}f{HOrO nYTH CKJIa.n.a LIK = m B I B + 10 = 12.15 + 30 = 210 M, r.n.e mu = 12 - tJHCJIO BarOHOB B no.n.atJe; l B = 15 M - .nJrliH8 nyTH .nJIH YCTaHoBKH o.n.Horo BarOHa, 10 - .n.JlHHa nYTH Ha YCTaHOBKY JIOKOMOTHBa. JJ.JIH nepe.n.BHJKeHlHI BarOHOB B npou.ecce p33rpY3KH YCT8HaBJIHBaeM MaHeBpoBoe YCTPOHCTBO MY-12M. JJ.aJIee, KaK H B n. 21.1 H 21 2, onpe.n.eJIHeM TeXHHKO- 9KOHOMHtJeCKHe nOKa3aTeJIIf no CKJIa.n.y, paccMaTplfB3eM .n.py- rHe B03MO}f{HbIe BapH8HTbI CKJI8.n.3 neC1faHO-rpaBHHHoH CMecU H Bbl6HpaeM K .n.aJIbHeHllIeH pa3paoOTKe H OCYlII.ecTBJJeHHIO BapH8HT MexaHH3HpoBaHHoro CKJIalJ.a, HMelOlII.HH HaHMeHb- illHe npHBe.1l.eHHbIe 3aTpaTbI. 
o P II JI 0 JK e H II e I CnHcoK II aJl,peca opraHH3al.{Hii, pacnpocTpaHBfOoo 11\"" TKQOBbie npoeKTbI CKJIa.u.OB A9ponpoeKT 125171, MocKBa, JIeHIIHrpaJ!,cKoe lllocce, 7a flinponllllJ.enpoM-1 103055, MocKBa, BYTbIPCKllii BaJI, 68 fHnpOpeIJTpaHC 105058, MocKBa, OKPYJKHOii npoe3J!" 15 fHnpocaxnpoM. 129346, MocKBa, YJI. KOMIIIITepHa, 38 flinpocHa6: 107082, MocKBa, YJI. JIaJ!,OJKCKaf/, 16 fHnpoTopr: 103084, MocKBa, YJI KlipoBa, 47 fHnpoTopr. CpeJ!,Hea3l1aTcKllii <pIIJIHaJI, 700060, TalllKeHT, YJI. Opo- JIeTapCKaH, 16a f0I1-6 MIIHCTpOf/ CCCP 125080, MocKBa, BOJIOKOJIaMCKOe lllocce, Ka3axcKllii <pIIJIHaJI U.I1TO 480010, AJIMa-ATa, np A6aH, 50a KlleBCKIlIf cjJlIJlllaJI U.I1TO 252057, KlIeB, YJI 3JKeHa OOTbe, 12 MHHCKllii cjJlIJIllaJi U.I1TO 220600, MIIHCK, YJI KapJIa MapKca, 32 MOCI'tsnpOTpaHc 129278, MocKBa, YJl OaBJIa KOpIJafllHa, 2 HOBOCII611pCKllii cjJlIJIllaJi U.I1TO 630064, HOBOCII611pCK, np KapJla MapKca, 64 011 MIIH3;J.paBa PC<I>CP 109028, MocKBa, YJI COJIf/HKa, 7 OpoMTpaHcHllllnpoeKT 117331, MocKBa, np. BepHaJ!,cKoro, 29 CBepAJIOBCKllii cjJlIJIllaJi 1I,I1TO 620062, CBepMoBcK, YJI 4e6blllleBa, 4 XapbKoBcKllii npOM3epHonpoeKT 310072, XapbKoB, np. JIcHIIHa, 50 u.I1Tn. 125878, MocKBa, YJI CMOJIbHaH, 22 u.Hl1l1npoM3epHonpoeKT 129272, MocKBa, YJI. TpllcjJOHOBCK311, 47 flinpoJIecnpoM: 123056, MocKBa, YJI B rpY311HcKaH, 70 flinpoueMeHT 199053, JIeHHHrpaJ!" BOJIXOBCKllii nep , 3 n p II JI 0 JK e H II e 2. CnllcoK rocy.u.apcTBelillblx cTaH.u.apToB no TeXHO- JIOrKII H cpe.u.cTBaM MeXaHH3al.{Hli norPY30IJHO-pa3rpY30IJHbIX II CKJlIIJ\.CKHX paooT ABTo- II ,meKTponorpY3IJIIKII BIIJIOIJHble o6w.ero Ha3Ha- IJCHIif/ fpY303axBaTHbIe nplicnoco6.1eHIIH ABTonorpY3IJIIKII BIIJIOIJHbIe o6lllero Ha3Ha4eHIlf/. fpeiicjJepbJ KallaTHbIe ;J.JIH HaBdJIOIJHbIX rpy30B 3aTBOpbJ 6YHKepHbIe ceKTopHble OCHOBHbIC napaMeTpbl II npllcoe;J.IIHIITeJlbl!bIe pa3MepbJ KOHBeiiepbl BIIHTOBbJe cTaUlioHapHbIe o6lllero Ha3HaIJe- Hllf/ KOHBeiiepbl rpY30BeJ!,YlllHe HanOJIbHble TeJleJKelJHble TII- nbl, OCHOBHble napaMeTpbI II pa3MepbI KOHlleiiepbl nJiaCTIiHIJaTble cTaUIiOHapHble 06lllero Ha3- HaIJeHIIH TeXHIIIJecKlie YCJIOBIif/ KOlIBeiiepbl pOJIIiKOBbie HenpllBoJ!,HbIe KOHBeiiepbl cKpe6KoBbic C norpYJKeHHblMII cKpe6KaMIi. OCHoBHble napaMeTpbl KOHBeiiepbl uenHble nOJ!,BecHbie rpY30Hecyw.lle 06111ero Ha3HaIJeHIlf/ KOHTeiiHep YHIIBepCaJIbHblii MeTaJIJIIIIJecKllii Maccoii 6pYTTO 5 T. KOHTeiiHepbl YHIIBepCaJIbHble. KOHTeiiHepbl YHIIBepCaJIbHble Maccoii 6pYTTO 0,625 11 1,25 T. 664 npI1JIO)KEHI1E 24366-80* 16215-80 E 24529-00* 8415-78 2037-82* 15517-77" 22281-76* 8324-82 23939-79* 5946-79* E 15102-75* 20259-80* 22225-76* 
KOHTeiiHepbl YHHBepCaJIbHble THnbl, OCHOBHble napa- MeTpbl H p,a3Meptd KpaHbl rpY30nOJ\'beMHble PHJ\bI OCHOBHblX napaMeTpOB. KpaHbI K03JIOBbie 9JIeKTpH'IecKHe THnbl, OCHOBHble na- paMeTJ}bI H pa3Mepbl KpaHbl K03JIOBble 9J1eKTpH'IeCKHe KOHTeiiHepHble OCHOB- Hble napaMerpbl Ii pa3Mepbl KpaHbI KOHCOJJbHble 9JIeKTpH'IeCKHe CTaUHOHapHble TH- nbl, OCHOBHble napaMeTpbl H pa3Mepbl KpaHbI MOCTOBble 9JIeKTpH'IeCKlle oJlHo6aJIO'lHhle onop- Hhle fllnbl, OCHOBHble napaMeTpbl II pa3Mepbl. KpaHbI MOCTOBble onOpHble flpOJIeTbI. KpllHLI MOCTOBhle 9J1eKTpll'leCKHe TexHH'IecKHYCJIOBH!I. KpaHLI CTpeJIOBble CaMOXOJ\Hble o6rn.ero Ha&lIa'leHHH. T eXHIi'leClmC YCJIOBHH KpaHWI1l1a6e.1epbl Tllnbl H OCHOBlible napaMeTpbl JIIlltJTbI 9JIeKTpH'JecKHe rpY30BbJe MaJlble OCHOBHble na- pdMeTpbl H pd3Mepbl / JIHCjJTbl 9J1eKTpll'leCKHe rPY30Bble. OCHOBHble napaMeTpbl II pa3\1epbl MalllHHbI HaOOJlbHOrO 6e3peJIbCOBorO 9JIeKTpO<!mUllpO- BaHIiOrO rpaHCnOpTa 06rn.lle TeXHli'leCKlle Tpe6oBa- HHH flaKeTbl TapHO-IllTY'IHblX rpY30B OCHOBHble napaMeTpbl H pa3MepbJ T10MOH nJIOCKHii JlepeBHHHbJii pa3MepOM 800X 1200 MM. CnpeJ\epbJ JlJIH KPYOUOTOHHa)KHbIX KOHTeiiHepOB OC- HOBHble napaMerpbl H pa3Mepbl CpeJlCTBa rpy303axBaTHbie KJIaCCH!jJIIKaUHH II 06rn.He TeXHII'IeCKlle Tpe60BaHIIH CTeJIJIa)KH l6opHO-pa36opHbIe. CTeJlJIa)KH C60pHO-pa36opHble. THnbl, OCHOBHble napa- MeTpbl II pa3Mepbl TaJIH 9JIeKTpH'IeCKHe. PHJlhl OCHOBHblX napaMeTpOB. Tapa npOH3BOJlCTBeHHaH nJIaCTMaCCOBaH. THnbJ, OCHOB- Hble napaMerpbI H pa3Mepbl. Tapa- npOH3BOJlCTBeHHaH THnhl, OCHOBHbJe napaMeTpbl H pa3Mepbl Tap\ npOH3BOJlCTBeHH3H H CTeJlJIa)KH Te.ne)KKH rpY30BbIe C nOJl'beMHbIMH ycrpoiiCTBaMH Tmlbl, OCHOBHble napaMeTpbl II pa3Mepbl ¥cTpoiicTBa rpY30nOJl'beMHble JlJIH KOHTeiiHepoB. THnbl, OCHOBHble napaMeTpbl ¥cTpoiicTBa rpY303aXBaTHble JlJIH npOll3BOJlCTBeHHoii 13- Pbl. THnbl, OCHOBHble napaMeTpbl II pa3Mepbl, 18477-79* 1575- 87 7352-81* 24390-86 19811-82* 22045-82* 534-78* 24378-l!0* E 22827-85 16553-82* 8823-85 8824-84* 18962-86 24597-81 9557-87 23002-87 25032-81 16140-77* 14757-81 * 25274-82 22752-84 14861-86 18338-73* 12847-67* 23647-87 15539-81 * 
CllHCOK nHTEPATYPN 1 AJleKC8H,ll,pOB M. n. fTO,ll.'beMHO-TpaHcnopTllbie MaWHHbI. - M : Db/cw. WK., 1985 - 520 c. 2 AHTOHSlHII r. P., lJepHHKoB B. n., Paii4Je.nI>. O. .. TonJlHBHo-Tp8tf. cnopTHoe X03HiicTBO TenJIOBbiX 9J1eKTpOCTaHUHH - M . 3HeprHSI, 1977- 232 c. 3 61\A8J1I>IIR C. r., MaJlHKOB O. 6. OnbfF npoeKTHpOBaHIU! creJlJl8)KeA AJIH aBToMaTH3Hp0B3HHbIX CKJla;J.OB. - JI.' JI.l{HTn, 1980. - 32 C 4 6uH\Q.eB H. H. OpraHH3aUIIH H MexaHH3aUHH norpy30QHO-pa3rpY30q. HbIX pa60T Ha aBToM06HJIbHOM TpaHcnopTe - 4-e H3J1.., nepepa6. H Jlon - M TpaHcnopT, 1978 - 223 C 5. 6epeJKKOBCKHii M H XpaHeHHe H TpaHcnopTHpOBaHHe XHMll'leCKHX npoJlYKToB - JI XHMIIII, 1982 - 256 C 6 6060pblKHH H. A. ArperaTHbie KOMnJIeKCbI TeXHUqecKHX CpeJlCTB ACY Tn - JI MaUlIIHOCTToeHHe, 1985 - 270 C 7 BaiiKeoH A. A., AH,ll,peeB A. .. KpaHoBbie rpY303aXBaTHbie ycrpoii. CTBa CnpaBO'lHHK. - M. MaUlH, HocTpoeHHe 1982 - 303 c. 8. fH6Koe aBTOMaTHqecKoe npOH3BO)l.CTBO/B. O. A36eJlb, B A EropoB, A 10 3BOHHUKllii H ap , no,ll. pe,ll. C A MaiiopoBa, r. B. OpJIOBCKOrO, C. H XaJIKHOnoBa. - 2-e H3J1 , nepepaG. H ,ll.on. - JI MaIlIHHocTpoeHHe. 1985 - 454 C 9. fpHHeBH'I r. n. KOMnJIeKCHaH MexaHH3aUHH H aBTO'daTH3aUHH no- rpY30'IHo-pa3rpY30'IlibiX paGOT fIa )KeJIe3HOJlOpO)KHOM TpaHcnopTe.- 4-e li3,11. , nepepa6. II )l.on - M TpaHcnopT, 1981. - 343 c. 10 .lJ.erTepeB r. H. OpraHH3auHH H MexaHIf3aUHH norpY30'lHo-pasrpy. BO'lHblX paGOT Ha 8BTOM06Hm.HOM TpaHcnopTe - 2-e 113,n, nepepaG. H ,non. - M TpaHcnopT, 1980 - 264 c. II .lJ.eMH'leB r. M. CKJlaJlCKOe, TapHoe X03HAcTBO II TeXHOJIorHH Tp8H' cnopTHO-CKJl8,11.CKliX rrpoueccoB - M. BbIew WK, 1978 - 248 C 12 ,ApYJKHHHH r. B. Ha.n.e)Kl!ocTb aBToMaTH311poBaHHbIx CHCTeM. - n.' 3HeprHH, 1977 - 248 C 13 EAHHble HOpMbl RbIpa60T!<H II BpeMeHTI Ha BarOHHbIe, aSTOTp8HcnopT- Hble H CKJIa,nCKHe norpY30qHO-pa3rpY30'lHbIe pa60Tbl - 3-e H3JJ.., OTKOP' peKT. H ,!torr - M TpaHcnopT, 1977 - 200 c. 14. 3eHKOB P. JI., fpHHeBH'f r. n., HcaeB B. C. BYIIKepHble ycrpoA. CTB3 - M MaUlHllocTpoeHHe, 1977. - 223 c. 15 3eHKOB P. JI., HBawKoB H. H., KO.0060B n. H. MaUlIfHhl HenpepLlB- Horo TpaHcnopTa - [1\ MaIlIIIHocTpoeHHe, 1980 - 304 C 16 3epl(aJlOB A. H., neB3Hep 6. H., 6eHeHCOH H. H. KpaHbI-IDTa6e- .nepbl - M MaIlIHHocTpoeHlle, 1986 - 319 C 17 K03b1peB 10. r. OpOMblUlJlellHbIe po6OTbI CnpaBO'lHHK. - M.. Ma. IlIHHOCTpoeHHe, 1983 - 375 C 18 KOMnJIeKCHaSl MexaHH3aUHH H aBTOMaTH3aUIIII norpy30'lHo-pa3rpy, 30QHbIX paGoT Ha npenpHIITHIIX nHlueBOH npOMbIUlJleHHOCTH. CnpaB. noc06He/no pe C. C. A3pHeJIOBH'Ia - JI. MaulHHocTpoellHe, 1976- 288 C 19. KOHaeAepbl: CnpaBOqHHK/nO oOllt. pe,ll.. 10 A nepTeHa - JI , MaIlIHIIOCTpoeHHe, 1984. - 366 C 20 KOHOBaJIOB B. C. OpraHII3aUHII, MexallH3aUHH II 9KOHOMHKa 3aBO- CKoro TpaHcnopTa. - 2-e H3J1 , nepepa6. H Aon. - M.' MaIlIHHOCTpoeIlHe. 1980 - 312 c. 666 
21 KpaTKHii aBTOM06HJlbHbIii CnpaBO'lHHK/HI1I1 aBTOM TpaHcn. - 8-e H3,lJ,. nepepa6 II )lon - 1\1 TpaHcnopT, 1978 - 464 c 22 KpHBoweii B. H , COJlOMelikO B. r., WpeJl.ep B JI CnpaBo'!HHK no nOJlIIMepHOrf ynaKoBKe - KHeB TexHIIKa, 1982. - 230 c 23 KY3bMHH A 8., MapoH 4». JI. CnpaBO'lHHK no paC'leTBM MeXaHH3MOB nOJ\1>eMHO-TpaHcnopTHbIx MaWIIH - 2-e 113J\ , nepepa6 H ,lJ,on - 1\1I1I1CK BbIlIJeiiwa WK, 1983 - 350 C 24 JlanKHH 10. n., MaJlKoB"'! A. P. neperpY30'lHbIe YCTpOlkTBa Cnpa- BO'lHIIK - JI M8wlIHOCTpoenHe. 1984 - 223 C 25 JleaaqeB H. A. 1\1n,aHII3au,H!I norpY30'l!lO-pa3rpY30'lHblX, TpaHcnopT- HbIX H CKJla,lJ,CKHX pa60T B ml!l.(enoli npOMhfWJleHHOCT!! - M JIerKa!l H nHlI.( npoM-crb, 1984. - 184 C 26 MaJIIIKoa O. 6 npOel\THpOnaHHe aBTOMaTlI3Up0B11HHbPC CKJlaJ\OB llITY'IHbIX rpy30B.- JI MaruHHoc-rpoeHHe, 1980. - 240 c. 27 MaJIHKOB O. 6. CKJlaJ\bI rn6KHX aBTOMaTH'ICCKHX npOIl3BO)lCIB.- JI. MaWlI!lOCTpoenHe, 1986 - 187 C 28. MaJrKolUlq A. P. ABTOM8T1f\!ecKoe aJ\pecOBaHlle - JI: 9HeprH!I, 1982. - 168 C 29 Ma'lYJlbCKHU H. H., A.emHl E. A. MRllJlfHbI HanOJlbHOrO 6e3peJlb' COBOro TpaHcnopTa - M 1\1,UIJHHOcTpoeHlle, 1982 - 232 c. 30 OCHOaHhIe nOJIOJKeHIHI 110 fiJWHffpOBamllo, Y"e'TY H KaJlbKYJI!!pOBaHilIo ceOeCTolIMOCTIf Ha npOMbIWJlennblX npC,lJ,npUJtTIHIX - 1\1 9KOHOMHK8, ]970 - 136 c. 31 naanoa A. H., Ll,blralioBa 8. H. YnaKoBKa, Tp1\HCnOprnpOBaHHe, xpaHeHHe MaW!!H II 06opy.noBanll!l - 1\1 MawHHoCTpoeHHe, 1984 - ]85 C 32 naKeTHbie nepeflo3KII rpy30!3/ nO)! pe)l n K. JIe.MeUlYKa - 1\1.: TpaHcnopT, 1979 - 263 C 33 naKeToljlOpMHPYIOUllleMalliHnbl/AnKpHBon.1!1C. A A KYKII6HbIii, A. n BeCnaJlbKO H AP - M MawHHocTpoeuHe. ]982 - 239 c. 34 necOI.(KHH A. H., "cHHcKaH B. C. npoeKTHpOBaHJle .JJeco06poo8Thl' BalOUlIIX npOIl3BO,lJ,CTB - M JIecH npo\l-CTh, 1976 - 370 C 35 nJla,ll.HC c1J. A., IlIK}'PHH B. A , Cyt)Mae8 r. 3. KOHTCiiiJepbl: Cnpa. BO'lHHK. - M MalllHHocTpoelllJe, 1981. - ]9] c 36. npaBHJla nepeBo30K rpy30B 4 I/MnC. - oM TpaHcnopT, 1985.- 384 c. 37 npaBHJla YCTpoiiCTsa II 0e30nacHcH 9KcI'IJlyaTau,HH rpy3000,lJ,'beMHIU KpanoR - M 1\1eTaJlJlyprH!I, 1982 - 168 C 38 npaaHJla YCTpOHcTBa H 6e30naCHOH 9hcnJlyaTaUHII JlIlTOB- M He,lJ,pa, 1971. - 95 C 39 npOeKTHpOaaHHe MaIliIlHOC'fpOIlTeJlhHbIX 3aBO,!\OR II u,eXOB CnpaBOq. HIlK T 6.. npoeKTHpoBallHe o(jllle3aBoJ\cKIlX cJlY)K6 II reHepaJIbHOrO nJlaHa - M MaulHHocTpoenlle, 1976 - 416 c. 40. npOMblWJleHHblH TpaHcnopT CnpaBO'lHI1K npoeKTHpOBUl!1Ka/nO,!\ pe.n A C feJlbP,fana, C JI. 4}68pOBa - 3-e 1l3A, nepepa6 II .l\on - M CTpoiill3J\aT, 1984 - 415 C 41 Pa3Mew,eHlle H KpenJleHlle rpY30B B BarOHax CnpaBO'lHIIK/ A .ll Ma- JiOB, 0 11 MHXaiiJlOB, r. M. IIheiillep H AP - 2-e H3,lJ,. nepepa6. II ,!\on - M TpallcllopT, 1980 - 328 c 42 CeHAepoa r. K., Jlocea n. P., APyraJlb C. A. CoxpaHHocTb Baro. HOB npH norpy30'lHO-pa3rpY30'lHbIX II MalleBpOBblX pOOOTax - 2-e 113,1\., nepepa6 H ,lJ,on. - M TpaHcnopT, 1984 - 158 C 43. CHMoHoa A. C. MeXaHII3au,lI!1 nO,lJ,'beMHO-TpaHCnOpT!!blX pa60T Ha ,AepeBoo6pa6aTbIBalOUlHx npeJ.l,npHHTlIax. - M.. JIec!! I'IPOM-CTb, 1986- 160 c. 667 
44 CKoponHeo8 to n ABToMaTH3upoR8HHoe ynpaBJle!II!e rpY30noTo- K8MH - Jl, MaIIIH, HOCTpoeHHe 1984 - IG8 C 45 CMexoB A. A ABToMaTH311poBaHHhle C1(Jl3,n:hl - 3-e H3lJ. , nepepa6 H Aon - M MaUJHHOCTpOeHHe, 197q - 288 C 46 CMexoB A A. ABToMaTH3allHH ynpaBJIeHiHI TpaHcnopTHO-CKJla,n:cKIiMH npolleccaMI! - M TpaHcnopT. 1985 - 239 C 47 COBpeMeHHble npOMbllUJICHHhle P060Thl KaT3J1or/nOlJ. peA 10 r Ko- RbipeBa, 51 A lIlHcjJpHH3 - M MalUHHocTpoeHlle, 1984 - 152 C 48 CnHBaKoBcKIiH A 0., bR'IKOB B K. TpaHcnopTlipYlOll(He MalUHllbI - M MalUliHocrpoeHHe, 1983 - 480 C 49 CnpaaO'lHHK no MarepHaJIbHO-reXHllqeCKoMY cHa6>Ke!l\!!o CeJIbCIWrO X03HHcTBa/nO,n: 061l( pe,n: A B  KaJlalUHIIKOBa - M KOJloc, 1978 - 303 C 50. CTpOHTeJlbHblii l<aTaJTOr. nepeqeHh TIInOIJhlX npoeKTOB npe,n:npIlH- nrli, 3,n:aHHii II coopY>KeHHH npOMbllUJleHHOCTH, 9HepreTHKH, TpaHcnopTa, C8H3H, CKJla,n:CKoro X03HHcTBa, CeJlb, X03TeXHHKII BOlJ.Horo X03HHCTB8 H 'CaHHTapHOH TeXHIIKH n04-6 Pa3A 7 CKJIa,n:cl<IIe 3,!{aHIiH II coopY>Ke- HHR - M. CTpoHII3,n:aT, 1978 51 Tay6ep 6. A.; KlIJIliTeeBCKHH P. E, rpOMlI,ea E. K. BHYTpH3aBoA- cKoil TpaHcnopr - M JlecH npO\l-Clb, 1978 - 238 C \ 52 TeXHH'IeCKHe cpe,n:cTBa ynpaBJleHHH B ACY CnpaBOqIlHK/B B CElI!- pHAoB, 10 A KpHBoHoroB, A. A MOp030B H ,n:p - M "\3U1HHocTpoe- Hlle, 1985 - 293 C 53 pOJlOBa B. A., YeoB A. r OpraHlI3aJI!H pa60TbI MaTepllaJlbHhlX CKJlaAOB >KeJIe3Ho,n:opO>KHOrO TpaHcnopTa - 2 e H3,n: ,nepepa6 H ,n:on - M. TpaHcnopr, 1983 - 224 C 54 Xa30B 6. ., ,L{H.u.ycea 6. A CnpaBOqHHK no paCqeTY Ha,n:e>KHOCTH MalUliH Ha cra,n:HH npOeKTIlpOBaHIiH - M MalUHllocTpoeHl!e, 1986 - 224 c 55 WapaHOaH'I ft. A. KOMnJleKCliaH MexaHII3aUliH II aBTOMaTI!3allHH Bblrpy3KII TBep,n:oro rOnJlIIBa Ha 9JIeKTpocraHlJ,IIHx - Jl 3l1eprllH, 1978 - 264 C 56 WMypHOB n. K., raHI(OBCKIiH n. H. .LI:epeBHHHaH Hll(lIqHaH Tapa - M JIecH npOM-CTb, 1982 - 184 C 57. 3pJlHX B. .D.., Ka630H M. .D.. MexaHII3auliH norpY30qHO-pa3rpY30q- HblX, TpaHcnopTHblX II CKJIa,n:CKIiX pa60T B Jlel KOH npOIb([IIJ1eHHocTIi. Capaa. nocooHe. - M.. JlerKa!l H nllll( npoM-cTb, 1984. - 224 c. 
OrJ1ABJ1EHI1E DpellHCJlOBHe f JI a B a 1 XapaKTt'pHcTHKa H KJlaCcH$HKall.lIl1 rpY30B ]] IIlTYIJHble rpY3bl ] 2 ChmYIJl!e rpY3w. .............. ] 3 )KHllKHe rpY3bl f JI a B a 2 0611.\all xapaKTepHCTHKa H KJIaCCHlpHKau.HII CKJIa}/,OB npOMblWJIeHHoro npeAnpllliTHIi . . . . 2 I POJlb CKJIallOB B npoH3BollCTRenl!OM npouecce. 2 2 XapaKTepHcl HKa CKJlIl)J,OB pa3Horo Hd3HaqeHHH 23 KJlaCcHcjJIIKaUI!S1 CKJIallOB f JI a B a 3 Tapa H KOHTeiiHepbl 3 I KJlIlCcHcpllKaWHI Tapbl 32 LJ,epeBS1HHail Tapa . 3 3 MeTaJlJIH qeCKaH Tapa . 34 DOJIHMepHaH Tapa -; 3 5 fpYdOBbJe KOHTefIHepbl . . .. . ..... 3 6 OpraHH3aQHH TapHoro X03HiiCTBa npOMbl!llJIeHHOrO npellnpH- HTBH . f JI a B a 4 060PYROBaHHe. coopYJKeHHII H YCTpoiicTBa AJIII xpa- HeMHII rpY30B 4 I 061L\He Tpe6oB<lHHH K YCTpollcTBaM )!,JIS1 xpaneHHII rpY30B 4 2 XapaKTepllcTH Ka cTpOHTeJIbHOll qaCTH XpaI!BJlHUJ. 4 3 CTeJlJIaJl\Hoe o6opY)J.oBaHlle ,/{JIH !lITY<l!!bIX rpy30B 44 YcrpollcTBa )J.JlH xpaHcHIIH CbmyqHX rpY30B . . 4 5. YCTpoiicTBa )J.JIH xpaHeHHH )!{HllKHX rpY30B f JI a B a 5. CpeRcTRa MeXaHI!3all.HII CKJIaRCKHX pa60T . 5 I Kpanbl H MOHOpeJIbCOBblll TpaHcnopT 5 2 KpaHbl-!lITa6eJlepbl . . . 5 3 CpellcTBa HanOJIbHOrO TpaHcnopTa . . 54 MawHHbl HenpepblBHOIO lleiicTBHH . . 5 5 fpy 30Bble JIII;Pl bl . ... . 56 DpOMblWJleHHble P060Tbl H MaHImYJHJTOpbl 57 YCTpollcTsa llJIH MeX<lHB3aILHH BCnOll<lOraTeJIbHblX onCp<lQl!ll f JI a B a 6 YCTpolkTBa llJIIi 110rpY3Kli H pa3rpY3HH TpaHcnopra 6 I YCTpOllcTBa llJlH pa3rpY3KH rpY30B H3 KpbiTbiX BalOBOB 6.2 YCTpoi'rcTBa ,/{JHr pa3rpy3KH rpy30B H3 110JlYBaroHoB H nJIaT- ;POPM. .. ...... . . 6 3 YCTpolicTBa llJIH norpY3KH rpy30B B BarOHbl . 64 YCTpoiicTBa llJlH norpy3KH H BblrpY3KH rpY30B B3 aBTOMO- 6HJleii .. ..... 6.5 Tpe6oBaHI!H K TeXIlOJIOrHH H opraHH3aQHI! norpy30 r mo- pa31 PY30<I1IblX pa60T . . . 3 6 11 13 15 19 25 29 32 36 44 46 51 58 60 70 103 113 115 129 139 146 159 ]60 ]75 194 209 219 221 237 669 
r naB a 7. npHBO.ll.bI H 8nnap8Typ8 8STOMaTHKH 7 1 npHBO,!\bI CKJl8,!\CKHX MexaHHSMOB . . . . 7 2. AnnapaTypa ynpaBJIeHHH fI KOHTpOJIII ...... 7.3. ABTOMaTH'IecKoe a,!\pecoBaHHe ............. 74. AnnapaTypa aBTOMaTH'IeCKOrO BSBeIUHBaHHH, HSMepeHHH ypOBHH H C'IeTa IUTY'lHblX rpysoB . r naB a 8. CpeJl,CTBa BbI'IHCJlHTeJlbHOii TeXHHKH ....... 8 1. npHMeHeHHe BbI'IHCJlHTeJlbHOii reXHHKH Ha CKJIa.ll.ax. 8 2. 38M THna EC ........ ... 8 3. MHHH-3BM If ynpaBJIHlOlIlHe BbI'IHCJIHTenbHble KOMnJJeKCbI 8 4 MHKp098M . . .. ................. 8.5 nepH$epHiiHble YCTpoiicTBa ACY ............ r JI a B a 9. YCTpoilcTBa H TeXHOJlOrHH paooTbi CKJIUOB WTyq- HbiX rpYSOB .. .......... . . . . . . 9.1. OCOOeHHOCTH YCTpoiicTBa CKJla,ltOB WT)''1HblX rpysoB. . . 9.2. TeXHOJIOrH'IeCKHe Y'laCTKH CKJIa,!\OB H HX CPYHKUHH. . . . 9.3. TeXHOJIOniH H opraHHsaUHH pa60T Ha CKJla,!\ax urrY'lHblX 9.4. (tYc:"HHdcr 'XO;O;H 'pI5T . H 'CKJI.II.X' rAn. : : : 9.5 THnOBbie npoeK1 bI CKJla,!\oB WTY'lHblX I PYSOB . . . . r JI a B a 10. Mex8HHsau.HII paoOT H8 CKJIa.ll.8X TapHo-wrY'IHblX rpYSOB ................... 10 1 0611!.He Bonpocbl MexaHHsaUHH H aBTOMaTHsaUHH CKna,!\CKHX 10 2 a;';aH;bI' eAaHHsHpoBaHH.bI  .aTMaTspBHblX . CIW3,!\OB 1apHo-IUTY'IHbIX rpysoB . . . . . . . . 10.3. ABTOMaT!!SHpOBaHHble CKJla.ll.,bI rAn. ....... 10 4 MexaHlIsaUHH BcnOMOraTeJlbHblX onepaUHH Ha CKJla.ll.ax. r JI a Ball. CKJUIJI,bI MeTaJlJIOB . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 CneII.HaJIbHoe 060pY.ll.oBarme .ll.Jl1I CKJlIIJI,OB MeTannonpOKara 11 2 CxeMbi MexaHHsaIlHH CKJIa,!\OB CopToBoro MeTaJlJlOnpOKaT8 11.3. THnoBbie npoeKTbI CKJl3.11.OB MeTaJlJIa r naB a 12. CKJla.ll.bI JleCOMaTepHaJlOB . . . . . . . . . 12 1. TeXHOJIOrHII pa60T Ha cKJla,!\ax JIeCOMaTepHaJIOB. 122. CxeMbi MexaHHSau,HH CKJIa,!\OB J1eCOMarepHaJlOB 12 3. npoeKTHpoBaHHe CKJIa,!\OB JIeCOMaTepHaJlOB r JI a B a 13. CIUIUbi CblnY'lHX rpY30B . . . . . . . . 13 1 TeXHOJIOfHII pa60T Ha CKJIa.ll.aX cblnY'IHX rpysoB. 13.2. MeXaHHsau,HII saKpblTbIX CKJIa,!\OB CblnY'lHX rpysoB. 13 3. MeXaHHSau,HII OTKpblTbiX CKJla,!\OB cblnY'lHx rpyaoB. . . . 13 4 MeXaHHSau,HII pasrpysKH cMepsalOlIlHxcH rpysoB Ha CKJla- ,!\ax .. .. .... . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5. THnoBbie npoeKTbI MexaHHsHpoBaHHblx B aBToMaTHsHpoB8H- HbiX CKJIa,!\OB CblnY'lHX MaTepHaJlOB ......... ()70 241 255 267 277 286 291 299 305 310 316 317 335 340 347 355 358 367 372 318 387 400 1102 407 411 413 415 423 433 440 
r JI 3 B a 14 CKJU1Jl,bI ]f(HJJ.KlfX rpY30B . . . . . . . . . 10 14 1 TeXHOJIOrHH CKJIa,nHpoBaHH5I mH,LU<HX rpy30B 14 2 06opY}J.onaHHc H MeX3HH3aUl1Sl CKJI3}J.OB >KH,ltKHX rpY30B 14 3 THnoBble npOeKTbJ CKJIap,OB )KHKHX rpysoB t . . r JI a B a 15 CKJlanbl onaCHbiX rpyaoB . . . . . . 15 1 TexHonoruH CKJIa,nHpoBaHH5I onaCHbIX rpy30B . . 15? TpaHcllop1 Hble H norpY30lJHO-pR3rpy30QHble pa60TbI H3 cKnaAax onaCHUX rpyaoB 'I" .. ....... 15 3 THnoBLle npoeKTbI CKna.n.OB onaCHblX rpy30B. . . . .. .. r ,,'] a B a 16 AOToMaTH3HpoeallHbIe CHCTeMbI ynpaBJJeHHJI CKJla- J\aMH .. 'I.. .. ..... .... . 447 - . 4Gl 458 460 - 472 475 478 ]6 1. 16 2 16 3 16 4 0611IaH crpYKTypa ACY npOMbIlllJIenHOrO npeAnpHSlTHH . 3Cl)lalJn. pClllaeMble nop,cHcTeMoII ACYO «YnpaBJIeHHe .. CKJ1a,nCKHM X03HHCTBO'd» ..'I........ ACY TO CKJIa1J.OB 'I............ CHcTeMbl 8BTOM3THlJeCKOrO yn paBJI€HH SI nO}J.'beM HO-TpaH- cnopTllblM 060py)].oBaHHeM H3 CKJla}J.ax ............. - . .. 481 486 495 502 .. . . .. r 1I a B a 17. H3ne>KHOCTb CKJl3JJ,CKHX CHCTeM . .. ..... 17 I. 3JIeMeHTbI TeopHH H3.l1.e1KHOCTH. ............. 17 2. HaAe>KHOCTb CKJIa}J.CKHX MeX3HH3MOB .......... 17 3. HaAe}KHOCTb annapaTYpw H CHCTeM aBTOMaTHIJeCKOrO yn- paBJIeHH 9 ....'I............. . . . 17.4 Pac 'leT no K833TeJleii Ha.ll.e>K nOCTH CKJI a,nc KH X CHCTeM .. . . - 506 r JI a B a 18 Te:<HHK3 Oe30nacHocTH Ha CKJI3JJ,3X . . . . . . 18 1. Tpe60BaHHSI K TeXHOJIOfHH flPTC pa60T 'I....... 18.2 oe30naCHOCTb Tpy,na npH 9KCnJIyaTau,HH or M . . . .. .. 18 3 5e30n3CHOCTb TPY1J.a npH 06CJIYIKHBaHI1H 9JIeKTpoo6opyJI.o" B3HHSI CKnaAOB . . . " ............. 18 4 OO.>KapHaSi 6e30nacHOCTb ....... .......... .. r JI 3 B 3 19 TeXHHKO-SKOHOMHlleCK3S1 atj>$eKTHBHOCTb CKJl3J(OB 19 1 BnHSlHHe CKJIa,nOB Ha ce6eC10HMOCTb npOMblllJJIeHHOii npo" JJ.Y KU,H H .......... . .... 19.2 TexHHKo-9KonoMH lJeCKHe nOK333TeJIIi CKJI3AOB . 19 3 31{OHOMHlJeCKHe 06OCHOBaHHSI TeXHHlJeCKHX peUJeHHil no CKJl3)].aM . ........ . . .. 19.4. Onpe.ll.eJIeHHe K8f1HT3J1bHbIX 33TpaT Ha peKOHCTpYKIUno H CTpOHTCJIbCTBO HOBbIX CKJIa}J.OB .. . . . .. . ." 19.5 Onpe.ll.eJIeHHe 9KCnJlyaTaUJloHHblX paCXO.ll.OB no CKJIap,y.. . r JI 3 B a 20 MeTOnbi npoeKTHpoBaH Hit CKJl3JJ,OB ...... 20 I. 06w,3H MeTOJI.OJIOrH H npoeKTHpoBaHHH CKJIaAOB .. . . .. . 20.2. CocraB H 4>opMHpoB3HHe HCXOJ.{HblX J.{aHHbIX ,nJIH npoeKTHpo- B3HHSI CKJI3,na . ... 'I............. . 20 3 BbI60p MeCT3 pacnOJI01KeHHH CKiIa}J.3 ....... 20 4 Onpe}J.eJIeHHe 3an3COB rpY30B H nOTpe6HoH BMeCTHMOCTH C KJI 3}J.a ... . .. .... . .. . 2V t 5, Onpe.lteJIeHHe OCHOBlfblX napaMeTpoB CKJl3.A3 WTytJHblX rpyaoB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510  514 517 - 519 529 531 535 - 539 543 553 575 580 - 583 595 601 607 671 
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