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Автор: Путинский Б.И.
Теги: государство и право юридические науки право право россии
ISBN: 978-5-8078-0170-8
Год: 2009
Текст
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opemU'l.eCKUX 31laHUii 06 om,eKlna.:r, npolfeccax U R6.J1eHl1flX iJeiicm8u-
1.2. Ko!llMCp<lCCKOC npaBO KaK Ha)'Ka H KaK yqe6HID1lIHCWfnnHHa 21
me7bHocmu. TeopeTHqecKoe ]HaHMe - no oco50e npe):{cTaBneHlle, KO-
Topoe Ao6b1BaeTC}I H8 OCHOBe Hcnonb30B8HH}I H8YI.JHb]X MeTO):{OB II
cpeACTB. nonyqeHHb]e H8YK0j{ CBe):{eHllSJ nopoH pe3Ko O11IllI.J8fOTC OT
HeHay'lHOrO, rum, KaK rOBopHT, oGbUJ.eHHoro B3rJUl./18 Ha O):{HH II Te me
05beKTbL
KOMMepqecKoM)' np8ay npHXO):{HTCH pewaTh MHOiKecTBO HOBblX II
BeCbMa CJ1OJ1.."HblX np06J1eM, LlenCTBQBaTh B cra1)'ce Ha)'Kll. TaK, YI.JeHbI-
MH-KOMMepllHaJlllCTaMH propa6ornHbl TeOpeTHlJeCKHe npo6rreMblnoro-
BOpOB M8pKeTHHra, ToproBoro areHTHpoBaHIDI, C03):{8Hll" II pacnpocT-
paHeHIDI peKlJaMbl, nepeLl,a'lH II 06pa6oTlill KOMMep'leCKOH llH<pOPM8l\l1lf
II MHorne A}Jyme. PM TaKIIX np06J£M 6YAeT OTMe'JeH B HaCTOHIUeH KHH-
reo A BOT B CHCTeMe ropRllHI.JCCKOrO 06pmOBaHIDI KOMMepl.JeCKOe npaBO
Bblcryn8eT}')Ke B K8'leCTBe YI.Je6HOH ):{HCl\HJUIllHbJ.
Y'le6Hll5l OucrllllLllIlW npedHU3HQWHQ i1m 1je..7eu 06y'leHWI. nOMa-
TOBKH CneUHaJlllCTOB K npaKTHI.JeCKOH pa60Te. Y'le6HbJe JI.llCl\HnnHHbI
<PoPMIIp}'lOTCH nyreM omopa TeopenII.JeCKHX n0J10)f(eHllH, Bblpa60TaH-
HblX COOTBeTCTBylOlllI1MH HaYfuvvlll, a TalOKe nyreM 0606IUeHIDI npaK-
TlIl.JeCKOrO onblTa. OHli He C03)J,afOT HOBoro 3HaHlliI, 8 J1llllib 0606l1\8IOT
}')Ke llMelOlllI1eCH 3HaHll" B y,ll,06HOM AillI YCBoeHIDI BRlle. npllMepOM
MO)f(eT CJJYJi'"1ITb ]11050" YI.Je6HHK HJ1ll noc06lle no 05yqeHllIO (B qaCT-
HOCTII, Y4e6HHKH no cTeHorpa4JHll, no 8BTone.ny).
MCTOpllil CTaHOBJIeHlliI Ha)'KH )XIl."'CHHCKOro KOMMcp'lCCKOro npaBa
qpe3Bbl'l8HHO lllfrepecHa II nO}"lllrenbH8. Haqano CHCTeMaTH'leCK.IIx. llC-
CJ1e):{oBaHllH no KOMMepqeCKOM)' npaay 6billO 05YCOOBJ1eHO He05xo):{H-
MOCTbfO nOJJ,fOTOBKH YI.Je6HOH JIlITeparypbL
OnHHMH ll3 nepBblX pa60T B JTOH o6J1acTH CHum KHllra M. M. Mll-
xaiinoBa «ToproBoe npaBo» 1860 r., 8 T8lOKe "pKHe II COlIq»KaTe.nbHb]e
«JIeKuHll no ToprOBOM)' npaey)) (1873 r.) n. n. lJ,HTOBllqa II ero me
«YI.JC5HHK ToproBoro npaBa» (1891 r.). KaK OTMeqMOCb HCCJ1e):{OBaTe-
J1SIMJL llMeHHO n. n. lJ,MTOBll4 Bb]CTpOllJl CHCTeNY OCHOBHblX nOHSlTIIH
TeOpllll ToproBoro npaBa. 0503H8'lHJI ee OCHOBHbJe np06neMbJ II HaMe-
TIUI TeM caMblM II)'Tb, no KOTOpOM)' CTMO pa3BJ1BaTbC" ll3}'I.JeHlle pYC-
CKoro ToproBOro npaBa. Bblp8)KIDI OCHOBHoe pa3JBI4lle Me)f\II)' rpa)f\JJ.8H-
CKHM II TOproBblM npaBoM, n. n. lJ,HTOBWI nllCM: «rpa)f()1,aHCKOe npa-
BO paThe,r:J;HIDleT H npoTHBOnOCTaBJUIeT J1IO):{eH, ToproBoe npaBo llX co-
e)UfID1er II nOlI'lHID1eT. OAHO npaBO - 1/00U8UO)'a.7bHO, AP}'Toe - co-
ljlltL7bHo)[.
Ilil,m(JflU'In n TpY.!lb1nOTqJ«JBOMyH I3CKttI] HoMy[]paBY. B2-XT. T. I. M.,
2005. C. 449.
22
r naBa I. lIpeJIMeT H CI:ICIeMa Kypca KOMMep'IecKOIU npaBa
HJBeCTHl,lii poCClfnCKltii KOMMepU:J.{(IJ[llCT r. cI>. lllepweHeBHq B CRO-
eM «Kypce TOprOBoro npaaa) (1888, 1894 IT.) II BhI.l{ep>K8BllleM MHoro-
1.JllCJJeHHble nepel13)Jamm «Y'Ie6HHKe ToprOl30ro npaBa» (1911 r.) ox-
BaTH1l 06JJaCTb ToproBoro "paBa B LleJIOM, ClfCTer.mTl13llpoBaJ1 II pacno-
I10JKHJJ HaYI.JHb]H MaTepllall no 'leTKO KoopL\lllrnpOBaHHOM)' ruIaH)'. Ta-
KID! CllCTeMHOCTb cyntecTBeHHO Cnoco6cmoB8.JI8 pa3BIITI1IO TOpro80ro
npasa KaK CaMOCTOJJTellbHoro HanpaRJleHIUI npaBOBoii HaYKH.
3aMeTHblH BKJIaJI: B Teopmo ToproBoro "paBa BHeeJIH «O'lepKl1 TOp-
rOBoro npaBa» A. H. KaMlIHKH (1911 r.). 060CHOBb]BIDI caMOCTt»rIeJlb-
Hbill:<apmaep Toproooro npaBa, A. H. KaMIIHKa nOK83aJI Ha.rm"me B 06-
JlacTli ToprORllll ""CTH1)'TOB II npaBoBhlx HOpM, pernaMeHTItp}'fOlltllX
llMeHHO ToproBblH a60poT II COBeplllCHHO He Bcrpe'ffilOllUiXC.II B rpa)K-
.LIaHCKOM npaRe; caMoe llHIpOKoe pa3BllTIfe CaMOCTOmeJ1bHOCTH II HHH-
l.lH3.TI1Bbl cy6l>eKTOB TOproBJIll, CO'leTIUOI.J..teeC1I C Mf1J8M'1 fl)6ml'lHOrO
KOHTpOJU], OTcyrCTB)'JOIUHMH B OCTaJIbHOM l1M)'llIecTBeHHOM 060p:ne;
Heo6xo.r:J;l1MOCTb o6ecneI.Jemrn 6blCTpOTbl, yCTOft'illBOC11t II onpe,!:{eJIeH-
HOC111 ToproBoro o60pOTa, AOCT!1f"iteNb]X CneIU1B.JIbHb]Mll cnoco6&111
np8BOBoro peryJ1llpOBaHIDI
B Ipy,ll,8X HaJBaHHb]X II APyrHX KOMMepUl1anllCTOB oqep'lCH8 ClfCTe-
M8 TOproBbIX ,lI,e CTBllH. onpeJJ:eJICHbl nOH TI.ur ToprOBOH LIe5lTenbllOCTlf
II ToproBOro npaBa, npOCJlC)](eH npouccc cr8HOBJleHI15I. poccl1iiCKOro TOp-
rOBoro np8B8, npOBC)J,CHO yrny6JleHIIOe llccnC)J,OB8HHe TeKCTOB 3aKOIIO-
.LI8TeJlbCTB8, TOproBblX 06b1'1aeB II CY.LIe6HOH np8KTIfKlf, npOaJffiJIII311pO-
B8HO COOTHorneHHC ToprOBoro II rpa)K):l8HcKOro np8Ba II AP.
H8)"1Hble npoll3Be)J,eHWI no PYCCKOMY ToprOBOM)' np8B)1 nopeBOJUO-
1.U10HHOro nepHo.n,aCOCTaBMIfOT ,l]OCfaT()I:IHO o6urnpH)'lO 6116JBIOrpa4>I1JO.
P860Th] cOBpeMeHHoro nepllo1I8 yKd3bIBaJOTCjj B TeKCTe KHHrlf, B TOM
1.JllCJIC B cnllCK8X mrrepmypbl K OT.LIeJlhHbIM rnaB8M.
1.3. I1pel\Mef peryJIupoBaIIIUI KOMMep.ecKoro npaBa
Ka)KlIaJI Y'le6HaJI JJ:HCQHnnllH8 38HllMaCTC5I CBOHM onpeLlCJICHHb]M
npe,1l.MeTOM. Al:H KOMMep1.JeCKO["O npaBa T8KHM npellMeTOM HBJlH-
eTCH npaRORoe peryJIllpORalille KOMMep..eCKou. T. e. TOP.-OROH. J1e-
RTeJlbHOCHL
ToprOBaJI ,lI,e.IITenbHOCTh, llnll, llH31.Je rOBop5l, TOBapHoe o6paI.lteHHC.
B C8MOM 06I.I..leM BH.IJ:e npe.u.cnmIUleTc060ii C:OlJ0K}'1l1WCmb deiR.mlJlcU /llO-
i>eii no npodelOlCe1iulO 1Il06ap06 OT llJroToBlITelJeH K nurpe6wreJmM.
Cp83Y )](e B03HllK8lOT BonpOCbl 0 Ha1.Ja.rrhHOM H KOHC1.JHOM nYUKT8X
1.3. IIpeIlMeT pel)'JlHpOBaHH.!I KOMMep'JCC!\DIO npaBa
23
J],BHmeHllil. TOBapa II 06 )"ffiCTHllKax ToproBoi1 .n:CJrreIlbHOCTJ.I. 31'00.D,HH
ll3 }"3JIOBblX BOnpocoB. Yme mecb KopeHIITCH npHlll\lInllarrbHoe pacxoiK-
J],eHlle n03l1lU1ii, B3r.lUl)J,OB H8 KOMMeplJecKoe npaBo
KOMMepLilIlO B .n:opeBoJUoLilIOHHOH IIllTeparype no ToprOBOM}' npa-
BY p8CCMaIpllBaJIlI llCKJIlOLJllTe.rJbHO KaK nocpe,lUfHlJecK)'lO .n:eHre11bHOCTb
MeJK.D.Y npOllJBOlIlITeJleM II nO"Ipe6HTelJeM MaTepHaJIbHblX Gnaf. TaK, no
MHeHlIlO r. cI>. lllepllleHeBHlJa, LlemparrbHaH 4>ruYPa, OCHOBHOW cy6beIrr
ToprOBJlll - ::no ToproBeu-nocpe.D.HlIK ll11ll nOCpe,lUflIlJeCKaJI TOproBaH
4>"pMa. nplIMeHHTb nIl K B03HlIKaIOll\llM OTHOllleHlliIM HOPMb] IpIDKlIaH-
CKoro "JTlI ToprOBoro npaBa -3TO 3aBlICJIT OT }"IaC-fIlH B OTHOllleHllHX
KOMMepcatrnl.
Ha nO.D,06HOM nUHHMaHlllI npe,ll,MeTa B L')/lll,ecTBeHHOi1 creneHI1 oc-
HOBb]BaeTCH It COBpeMeHHa5I TeopIm KOMMep<IeCKoro npasa 3ana.D.HblX
CTpaH. Ha JJ:CJTC, npaB,lI,a, KOMMepmmnllCThI nOCTOHHHO OTXO)J;lT OT Ta-
Koro nOHlIMaHllJl, HO Ha CJJOBax npeBaJIllPYJOlllei:i OCTaeTCH TOproBo-no-
cpe,lUflNeCKaH .n:oK1pI1H8.
AaHHa KOHL\,eJ1lUVI KOMMeP'ieCKoro npasa npe,ll,CTaBTDIeTCH COBep-
llleHHO Henpllero,.UleMo . OHa CI}JOPMU})()BaJIaCb B npOllllloM II He YlJlITbI-
BaeT COBpCMeHHblX peaJIbHOCTCi1. B PC3YJIhTaTe JUO)J;lM H8BH3hIBalOTCH
yc;repeBIillle npeACJaBJleHIDl., a IOpl1.LllIIJeCKWI HaYKa II npaKTHKa cepb-
e3HO JaIIa3)J,blBaJOT B perneHllll B03HllI.;af()ll\IlX np06neM.
6eccnopeH TOT 4>aKT, IJTO TOBapb] npD,[(alOT II nOKynalOT He TonbKO
nOCpe.iJ.HHlJecKHe 4mpMbL npo,!:{3BaTh, nplflleM B03MC»KHO BbIrO)J,Hee, J],0J1-
)lma KaJK.[\aH opIaHll3aUJUI, 113IUIOBIIBllIaH TOBap, llH8'le OHa He CMO>KeT
cyllleCTBOBaTb.
ToprOBblH 060POT Ha'll:lHaeTCH He c aKTa nOKynKH ToprOBlIeM nap-
TIlll TOBapa J],JllI nocnelIylOllllIx npO.D.a)]{, KaK YTBepiK,D,MOCb B npe)]{He
Teopllit ToprOBOro npaBa. ToprOBblH 060POT 113"1llHaeTCH C npo,[(3lKH
ll3rOTOBUTeJleM npOUJDe.LI,eHHoro HM np0ttyKTa. npo,[(a)]{a C031IaHHO-
1'0 npO.l1)'KTIl npe,[(CTaB)HleT nepBblH II HeoGxOJ1lIMhI 3TIln npO..QBI
HlIH ero K nOIpefurre.lllO. npo,[(a)]{a npe)J.l1leCTBYeT nplI06peTeHllIO TOBa-
pa, a He Hao60pOT. He 6YJ1eT 8KTa npo.lI8'KH C(3)JaJD-IbIX npO.lJYKTOB-
He 6YJ1eT Pb]HO'lHblX OTHOllleHlIH.
B03HllKaeT Bonpae: B qeM npaKTI1QeCKOe 3Hal.jCHHC TaKOi1 nml1lum?
AeJTo B TOM. 'lT0 nocpe.D.HlIK MO>KeT II He 38J..")'TTllTb TOBap y OTlIeJTbHbIX
mroToBllTeJleHlliIll 38K)fIlHTb JIlllllh l.j8CTh TOBapa. MeJK..!:IYTeM J],JllI Ka)]{-
.n:oro npelIIlP1VI11V1 BIDKHO 06ecnel.Jll1'h C6hIT cBOero TOBapa. KpoMe TOro,
TOBap MOiKeT 6hITh pea1Ilf.JOBaH 6e3 Y'l8CTlIJI nocpenHllKOB, a TaKHe one-
paLI.Hll TOme 06paJYlOT ToprOBJllO, TOBapHOC oOpall\CHlle.
24
r naBa I. lIpeJIMeT H CI:ICIeMa Kypca KOMMep'IecKOIU npaBa
AaHHblH BHJJ, .QeHreJlbHOCTH Tpe6YeT lllHpm<HX llCCJ1e)l,OBaHHii. De3
Bblpa6aTlO1 peKOMeHAaUll II OKa3aHlliI MeTOJ\II'lOCKOIi nOMOlll11 H3ro-
TOBlfTeJUiM OHll C8Mll He B COCTOMHllH HaJIa"l],I1Tb ycneUlHb]H C6bfT CBOe-
ro TOBapa. I1MeHHO Hep33pa6oTaHHOCTb )'KaJaHHb]X npo6neM, OTcyr-
crBMe y npe.LITlpllHlwarerrei1 HaBblKOB TaKO" paGOTb] Be)l,eT K MacCOBblM
cmyaUJHIM, Kor):\3 npoU3BOACTBeHHb]e OpraHH38L1JH1 nonpocl)' He 3Ha-
lOT, KaKO TOBap 6Y,ll,eT nonb30BaTbCJI cnpOCOM. KOMY H B KaKl1X 1001111-
..eCTB8X OH IIfQ""AreT 6bITb pearnt3OBaH. B pe3}'J1bTaTe B ClpaHe He ncnOJIb-
3}'eTC.II 3H8IJIITeJlbHIDI "mcn npOifiBOACTBeHHblX MOIIUIOCTe'I. He MO)](e'T
npOB01UfTbC.IJ KOHBepCllSi 060POHHbIX 3aBO,lIOB.
TaKHM 06pa30M, 113) "ellue 11lO6l1fJ1l0.."'O 06pOlqellWl OO.7,1ICJlO HOl/U-
HumbCR c deii(f1I611U op.....UHltJUljuii-lJ1.:'Um06llme'leU, peanm}'lOw;HX CQ-
3lJ;8HHhlii TOBap, a He C ,lI,eiiCTBJlH TOproBbIX nOCpe)I,HHKOB.
B COCTaB KOMMCPqecKOH JJ,eRTCJIbHOCTH TaIOKC CJJcnycr BKJIfOqaTb
a«mbl npu06pememm moeapa nOK)!name:lJLUu. KpynHeHw8S1 rpynna
npllo6peTaTe.rrei1 TOBapa - 3TO p03HHLlHble TOproBble OpraHll3aIJ,HH. Ha-
PM)' C HllMH nOTpe6llTeJUlMH BblcrynalOT MHJlJlHOHbl pa3JIHQHbIX opra-
HH3alll1H. llCnOJlb3yIOWI1X MaTePHaJlb]. 060py.nOBaHHe. llHBeHTapb ,lJ,mI
CBOIiX X03aHC1BCHHblX II npennpHHHMaTCJlbCKI1X ueJldi. nO"rpc6llTCIDI-
Mll HBJUlIOTCa He TOnbKO npoJl3BOACIBelllib]e, HO T8IOIW MHoroQlfCneH-
Hble ynpaBJIeHQeCKI1e. yqe6Hhle, MenlfUI1HCKHe, BOeHHble H liHble opra-
Hll3alll1ll.
PeryJIHpOBaJllle 3aKynoK MarepUaJlbHblX II TOBapHblX peCypCOB 06-
pa3}'eT OrpOMHb] KJIy60K np06JJeM. MaTepl13.JJbHOe II TOBapHoe cH86-
)KeHlle CJJ)0KHT yCJlOBlfeM HOpMaJlbHO Aean:JlbHOCTlf moooH opraHH3a-
Ul1ll. Ee3 YCTOii<nlBOrO, pllu.fWlHoro CHa6)KeHllH 3KOHOMI1Ka 06pe'leHa
H8 H KIlfBHOCTb II ynanOK. 3neCb TalOKe -rpe6ylOTc" HaY'lHo 060-
CHOBaHHb]e np8lulJla II peKOMeHnaUlfH.
Kor,ll,a Teopll" KOMMep'leCKoro npaBa non BJUtllHlfeM BeKOBO "Ipa-
JllIQJfH 3aMbIK8eTCH Ha ,lI,emeJlbHOCTH omOBo-nocpe)J,HH'IeClmX opraHH-
3aUHH, OHa 8BTOMaTHqeCKH llCKJIIO<meT ll3 cBoeii c$epbl BonpOCbl c6b1-
TIt npon)'Ku,Hll, a TalOKe M8Tepl1anbHoro II TOBapHoro cHa6)f(eHHR. B pe-
3}'JIbTaTe He nOJl)"lalOT paJpaOOrKH II BHeJIPeHlIH B )KH3Hb np8lUlJla II
npHCMbl neaTeJlbHOCrn, OTBe'ffiIOIl.lHC COBpCMeHHbIM 3anpocaM, nOTpe6-
HOCT M 061.1.lecTBa. COTHH Tb]CR'I npe,n:npllHIfM8TeJleH lIeiiC1BYJOT 6e3
qeT1\HX YCTaHOBOK II peKOMCH)J,aUHH.
I1TaK, B Ka'leCTBe o6H3aTe.rJbHbIX Y'IacTKOB TOpl"OBOI"O o6opoTa
J],OJUKHbl npHHHM8TbCH: I) C6bIT H3rOTOBllTen"Mll CBOllX TOBapoB;
2) ,QeHTCJIbHOCTb omOBblX ToproBblX II IfHblX nocpc.LIHH'IccKItX 3BCHb-
1.4. COJ:ICP>II3HIle Kypca KOMMep'leCKoro npaBa
25
eB; 3) HaKOHel.l, neikTBI1Jl cy6beKTOB no npH06pereHlflo TOBapoB, 05ec-
ne'leHlUO ce6ji He06xo.lUIMblMll pecypc3Mll. Bce 3Tlf y'IB.CTI<lf, 3 He O.LlHlf
JIlllllb AeifcTBI1Jl onTOBblX ToprOBlteB COCTaBmiIOT COAq»KaHlfe Topro-
BOM ,lI,ejiTenbHOCTlf II npe.!I.MeT pery11llpoBaHllji KOMMep'lecKoro npaBa.
XapmrrepHO, 'iTO npoL(eCC pcr.llUI'IHOM: njJOJI.3}Klf TOBapOB
06b1'1HO He BKJlfOqaeTCji B npe.!I.MeTperyJIlfpoBaHlfji KOMMepqeCKoro npa-
Ba. 31"0 BOBce He CBl1AereJIbCTBye-r 0 HeBHHMaHlfll K rpIDK.!t3H8M. OnTO-
BaJJ TOproBJUl1t CHa6JKeHlte no CBOllM UeJIjiM, cO.Llep>KaHllfO II npaBllJIaM
C}'lllecTBeHHO OTJ1ll'laIQTCji OT p03HIf'lHblX C.LlenoK. KpoMe Toro, rpIDK-
,QilHe He }(BJISIIOTCfi yqaCTHllKaMll ,lI,ejiTeJTbHOCTlf no npOlIBll"iKeHlffO TO-
BapoB Ha pblHKe. OHIt Bb]cryllalOT B Ka'leCTBe nUlpe6UTeIleM TOBapOB,
KynJTeHHbIX,lJ,mI nlf'lHbIX H)I)K1I
1.4. Coile]!JKaHlle KYJIca KI!MMep'IeCKOI1 npaBa
OCHOBHoe CO.LlepiK8HUe KypC3 KOMMep'leCKoro npaBa COCTaBJIjier
npaBOBoe pel)'JIUpOB8Hue ToprOBblX i'leiiCTBHii. COBeprnaeMblX no
nOBOlIY 06panteHIDI TOBapoB II llMefOlltltX ueJTbfO ll3BJle'leHlle npll6b1-
11ll. B Tex CJIY'IMX, KorAa TOBapb] llcnonb3YIOTCji HenpelInpllHllM3TeJIb-
CKHMll Opr3HlfJaLllljiMlf, llX npllo6pe-reHlle He C03.Llaer npll6blllH. OJI.Ha-
KO OHO CJI)')KltT He06xo.LllfMb]M YCJIOBlleM 06eCne'leHlfji )Klf3HC):\eKreJ1b-
HOCTlf TaKI1X opraHIIJ8I.tlli1 II nOTOM}' BKJlIO'l8eTC B c epy KOMMep'leC-
Koro npaBa.
K co5CTBeHHO TOproBblM ,lI,eHCTBlljiM IlpIfMbJKaeT orpOMHoe 'iHCJIO
BcnOMOraTellbHbIX II no60'lHbIX ,lI,diCTBltH (;:J;OCTaBKa, XpaHeHHe, npll-
BJIeqeHlle 8reHTOB Ii AP.), KOTOpble T810Ke nplfJH8IOTC ToprOBblMll. no-
CKOJIbK)' CJT)'"iKaT )'BeJIll'-IeHIiIO ToproBOH npll6b1nll. Ee3 60JTburnHCTBa
TaKltX AeHCTBllH ocyrnCCTBJIeHlle ToproBJIli B COBpeMCHHbIX YCJIOBIDIX
npoCTO HeB03MO"iKHO, BAe TOprOBJIH 3TH ,lI,eiiCTBIDI yrpa'illBaIOT CEoe 3Ha-
..eHlie. I13Y'leHlle npaBOBOro peryrutpOBaHI1Jl TaKoro po.naAeHCTBlfiJ. co-
CTaBJUler BaJKHYIO 'iaCTb .II.HCUlinJIHHbI KOMMep'!ecKoro npaBa.
I1MeerCji ewe O.Lllfa COBeprneHHO oc06aJ1 reOpeTII'IeCKaji II npaKTlf-
'lCCKaji 3anaqa KOMMCp'leCKoro "paBa - npaBOBoe cOlleikTBue CTa-
UOBJleUlllO POCCUiiCKOI-O l-oBapuol-o pblHKa. OHa CBO CTBeHff8 llMeH-
HO pocclliiCKOM)' KOMMep'feCKOM}' npaB)' Ii 06ycnosneHa npoItCIJJeJI.Il1llM
B c1paHe ll3MeHeHHeM 3KOHOMll'leCKOrO CTpOji. O'leBI-f.LlHO, '1TO, He CO-
3.D,aB He06xo.LllfMb]e 3BeHbji Pb]HO'lHOM CllCTeMb], He.rrb3ji paCC'JlfTblBaTb
ua ycnellIHoe pa:3BHTlle pbIHO'lHbIX OTHOllIeHlfM.
26
r naBa I. lIpeJIMeT H CI:ICIeMa Kypca KOMMep'IecKOIU npaBa
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6neMbI C Heo6xOlII1MOCTblO AOn)](Hb] BKJ]IO'IaTbCM B npeLJ,Mer HByKH KOM-
Mep'leCKoro npaBa II c4>epy perymtpoBaHIUl ToprOBOro 38KOHOJ\aTeJU.-
crBa.
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II nOJ\rOT8B.1lllBaTb HaY'IHO 060CHOB8HHb]e npe.u.nO>KeHHJI 0 3aKOHOJl8-
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Tpe6liTeJ1eH He TOJ1bKO Ha Bcex C'Ta)J.IDIX npo.ll.BJDKeHID! TOsapa, HO ,llroKe
B npOLlecce ero npolI]B(),llC"JBa.
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H IIIIbIMH I\HCl\IIWIHHaMH
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ro npaBa. OHO 6epeT 113 CKoro npaBa roTOBblMll MHome nOHSI-
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ll.{eCTB}'lOl.l{mI B3aHMOCB 3b npOJlBJUleTCH B Cy6CllJ],JIapHOM npHMeHeHllH
K TOproBbJM OTHOllleHIDIM HOpM rpa)l()]:aHcKoro aKOHO):JarenbCTBa npH
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nelllHoro pa3BIITIUI B oco6Hx npaBlrnax peryI1llpOBaHWI, y'UtTblBaJOll\HX
ee OTJlHlfltre1IbHbIii: xapaKrep OT IlM)'ll{OCIBCHHOro o60pma B LleJlOM. BbJ-
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CTBeHHb]e HHbJM cyfu.eKT3M rpIDK.!i.3HCKOro npaBa. 06H areJIbCTBeHHb]e
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no Mepe cBoero oocrynaTeJlbHOrO ,lJ,BIDKeHIDI KOMMep<IeCKOe npaBO
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lllee JHa<IeHlle I! KOMMep'leCKOM npaBe, <IeM I! rpa)l()]:aHCKoM. HMeIOT .lI.e-
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KOro ToproBoro o60pom.
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HHM ll3 BHlIOB npe)1llpllHllM8TeJIbCTBa, O;J.HaJ..""O KOMMep'leCKOe npaBO He
llMeeT O"I"HOrneHlUI K npaBY npelInplfHllMarern.cKOMY.
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neHli peryI1HpyeTCH YCTaHOBJIeHllJlMH rocy.napCTBeHHoro, allMI1HHCTpa-
THBHOro, HaJIOroBOro, yronOBHOro 11 lIpyrHX 0lJlacJIeH ny611H<nIoro npa-
Ba. O)J,HaKO nOlI KOMl'llep'leCKHM npaBOM B HaYKe II 3aKOHo.n;aTeJIbCTBe
nOHllMaIOTCH, npe)l()]:e Bcero, 'laCTIIOnp3.BOIlliIe HOpMbL 3a py6e>KoM KOM-
Mep'leCKllM npaBOM npll3HaeTCH llCKJIlO'IHTeJlbHO CHCTeMa HopM 'laCT-
HOro npaBa. Hll KaK O'I]J8CJTh ny6nU<nIOI""O npaBa, HH KaK CMeIIJeHlIe HOpM
IIffiCTHoro II ny6JIll'lHOrO xapmcrepa KOMMcp'leCKOe npaBO HC Momo 6bl
llMerb HllK8K11X OCHOBaHHH J],lliI caMOCTOHTeJlbHOro cyntecTBOB8HIUI.
28
r naBa I. lIpeJIMeT H CI:ICIeMa Kypca KOMMep'IecKOIU npaBa
TIpe.ll.npllHllM8TeJIbCKOe npaBO Ha3bJBaeT ce6" KOMnJIeKCHOP Otpac-
J1blO, ocyntecTBlUDOl.l.(,eii npaBOBoe peryJ1llpOB8HHe npe.rmpIll-rn:MaTeJ1b-
CKOHJ\exreJlbHOC'TIl HDpMaMlI pa3Jlll'lliblX Otp8Cnei1 npaBa. O,lJ,HaKO npe.ll.-
npmillM8TeJ1bCKOe npaBo He BblAeJU]eT II He }"IIITbIBaeT OTnll'l1lli OlJlac-
J1eBblX MeTO)J.OB I1J:ftB08O£O perymtpoBaHlUl.. He p3CCMaIpIlB&OTCJI II coo-
co6bJ lJ6ecneqeHllj] B38HMOCIUl3H MeJKJI)' p33HocrrpacneBbllllH YCT8HOBJle-
"""MH, OTHOC}lI.llHMHCH K o6ll.leM)' o6'beKIY. TaKI1M 06P330M, 3TO 60nee
ynpOll.\eHHbli1, Orpy6J1eHHbI noromA., oCHOBaHHb]H H8 HrHopHpoBaHllH
p33nHIlHll OTp..'iCJleBblX MerOJJ;OB npaBoBoro peryJlllpOBaHll". cnoco60B
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caM npe,!J.I1pllHHMarelIbC'TBa, npHHllMaeMb]MH B p33HbIX OlJlacn x npaBa.
no 3TI1M I1pll'lHHaM KOMMep'lCCKOe npaBo nOKa He HaxO.ll.1IT TOI.JeK
conpHKOCHOBeHm] c npeMIP"HllMaTeJIbCKHM "paROM.
hv..IWf!{J'/ecKoe npa6u 1I AteHeil)/cueHm. MCHC1VKMeHT MO)f(eT 6bITb
onpelIeneH KaK ynpaBJIeHqecKa )JeaTeJIbHOCTb 4>HpMbl no BbJpa60TKe
lteJIeH Ii nOJ1llTHKH Be)J,eHIDI 6ll3HeCa, npe.ll.nOJIaraIOlltWi KOMf1.JIeKCHbI
8HMm 4>aKTopoB, BJlIDIIOI.I.lHX Ha ero 3<l><t>eKTHBHOCTb.
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neHino n03Hl.\HH Ha pb]HKe. HOBbiX HanpaBJICHHH npOll3BO)J,CTBa II C6bl-
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BOBbiX Cpe.il;CTB. 8 POCC"" 3<l>4>eKTHBHOCTb ynpaBneH'leCKHX pellleHll
06bJ'lHO CHIDKaeICH I1Jlll He ,lI,OCTllraerCJI Boo6ll.\e ll3-3a llrHOpHpC)8aHlUI.
npaBOBblX aCneKTOB COOTBeTCTByIOI.l(,eU )J,e.IITeJlbHOcTH.
KOMMep'leCKOe npaBo oplleHTHpye-r IOpllCTOB ilmpM H8 Henocpe):(-
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30BaHlleM nonO)](eHll , ll3JIaraelllblX B .o:aHHO" KHllre II LlpyrHx TPYLlax
KOMMeptIHaJlllCToB.
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nJiIOTC.IJ pa3Hoo6pa3Hble onepaUHll C TOBapoM, nOLlpa3)J,eJI.lJeMb]e H8 lIBa
OCHOBHblX Bll.1la: KOMMep'leCime II TeXHonorH'leCKHe. KOMMep'leCime
onepaUHI1 CB.lJ3aHbi co cMeHoH c06CTBeHHllKoB II <lJOPM CTOllMOCTH TO-
Bapa (nOTpe6llTenbHWI H MCAOBM). 8 OTJ1ll1.JHe OT HHX TeXHOJIorl1qec-
KIte oncpaUHH CB 3aHbl C LlBH)](eHHeM TOBapa KaK n01pc61ITCTIbHOH CTO-
HMocrn. T8KOBbi nepeMeulelme. C03D}IHIfe 3anacOB. noJJ.OOPTIlPOBKa, pac-
npe.u.eneHl1e II np.
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LlHaJlbHOH LlHCLlHIlJlllHbl- J10rHCTllKH. JIofHCTHKa 3aHI1M8eTCJI ll3y'le-
HHeM II OllUlM1t3aLlHCH TOaapO):.\BIDKCHlUI. B npou:ecce .o:OBCllelUVI CblpbJl
1.5. COOIHOIlleHIIe co CMeJKHb[MH 1OpIJ.!Ul'lecKHMH H HHb[MH I\HCWUUlHHaMH 29
II roTOBOM npoJJ)lKlum,lJ,O n01pe6HTeJ1eit 3HaHrui JIOrHCTHKH npenCTaB-
lliIlOT COBOK)'f1HOCTb cnoco60B opraHH3aUlill nepeMellIeHJUI TOBapoB, llX
XpaHeHl1Jl. II pacnpe;:J;eneHlUI., ynpaBJIeHlUI. MaTepl18.JlbHb]MI1 n<ITOKaMll.
BMeCTe C TeM J10rnCTHKa He npeLlYCMa"IpHBaeT }"Iera -.pe60BaIillH
3aKOHOJJ,arelIbCIBa., npllMeHeHlUI T3K1IX npaBUllliIX cpeLlCTB 0praHlli8I.!HIl
TOBapHblX onepaLlI1M, KaK ):lorOBOp, llM)'llleCTBeHHa5I OTEeTCTBeHHOCTb
".D.P. n03TOMY nOnOiKeHJUI norI1CUIKI1):lOffiKHhl cornacOBblBaThCH c npa-
BOBbiMll YCTaHORITeHH5IMH, 3HaHH5IMH KOMMep<recKOro "paBa
JbrrepaTY(la
1. AKrya.nbHb]e npo6neMb] "'OMMep'leCKOro "paBa: C60pHHK CTaTeH 1 llo,ll,
pel!. npo4>. E. H. llyrHHCKOro. M., 2002; 2005 (Bbln. 2).
2. AHiJpeeBa fl. B. KOM1IIep'JecKoe npaBO POCCHII: np06neMb] npaooooro
peryJlHpOBaHlUI.. M., 2004.
3. Kpy?10fia H /0. KoMMep<JeCKoe "paBO: V'Ie6HHK. M., 1999.
4. (kU/J06(l JJ. B., Ctlllne6a H. M OCHOBb[ KO/IIYIICP'leCKOH ,DemefILHOCTH:
V",e6HHKJI.illIB)'30B. M., 1997.
5. 1[UnJ08l1'1 n n OgepK OCHOBHbIX nOIDITHH "IO(XOIIOfO npaBa (no H31I.
1886r.). M,200L
6. lllepUielle8u'I r. r,p V'Ie6HHK'IqJI"OBOI"O npaBa (no 113JL. 1914 r.). M.,
1994.
rJIABA 2
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nO'ITH BO Bcex npaBOBblX naM.\1THHKax JJ.peBHOCTH.
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3ana.n:HoeBponeHcKHX KOMMCpltHaJlllCTOB. )].amw.!! KJIaCClllJmKaltIDI YC-
TIlpeJUl H B COBpeMeHHOH JIIrreparype }')Ke He llCnOJ1bJ}'eTC.II, OllHaKO B
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31
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Hal160nee MOlltHbI Y3eJ1 Ml1pOBO TOprOBJUI.
I1MeHHo B I1TIlJTI1I1 nOJJY"lHIl8 pa3Bl1Tl1e CnCl\HaJThHa5I TOproBWIIOpHC-
.lI.I1KL1,lliI., C4>oPMllpoBaJIllCb MOpCKl1e 06b]"8H. 8 1494 r. B I1TaJII1ll 6LUm
ll3JJ;aHa KHllra flYKI1 na"OJII1 «TpaKTaT 0 C"eTax II 3anI1C$!X», KOTOpWi
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nOlq)OBI1TenbCTBO pa3BI1Tl1lO TOproBJIll. npll 3TOM BJI8CTb llCXO)lltna ll3
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Boro 3aKOHOJJ;aTenbCTBa. 8 1673 r., C KOToporo MHorl1e }"IeHb]e II Bellyr
Ha'IaJTO co6cT8eHHO ToprOl.'IOro npaBa, npHHHMaeTCH ToproBb]H OPLlO-
HaHC. 8 1807 r. ll3)),aeTCJl HanOJIeOHOBCKIlH ToproBblH KOLleKC. HccJle-
,lI,OBaTeJII1 OTMe<:JalOT ero oI"pOMHoe BJ1ID1Hl1e H8 .npymc crpaHbl.
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}"IIITbIB8BlIlHX 06bl'UlH TOproBOro o60poTa. 06ecne<:JHIlH 4>paHU)"3CKO-
MY, 8 n031lHee - II repMaHCKOM)' TCflroBblM KOLleKcaM 3H8lfeHHe 06pa3-
L(a,ll,JUl TOproBOro 3aKOHo.rr.aTeJIbCTBa EBponhll1.rr.pynlx lfacTeH CBeTa.
Tpemuii neplloo llMeHYIOT £P-'laHC"7L\L 3aMeTI1M, 'lTO B XVlII-
XIX BB. KpYIIHeifweii TOproBO ,lI,epiKaBOii 6b]JIa BeJJllK06pliT3Hll$!, H3
Hee npllXOlillJIaCh OCHOBHasI.lI.OIDI Ml1pOBOro TOBapoo60pOTa. OnH8KO B
CHJl)' oc06eHHoCTeii npaBOBo CllCTeMhl ee BK/JaLl B pa3BHTHe TOproBO-
ro npaBa 6loLll He3H8'lllTeJJeH.
repMaHCKH nepHo.rr. '<..'ip..'Th.Tepl13}'eTC$! I1pI1H.llTlfeM B 1861 r. 061l.le-
repMaHCKOroTOproBoro ynoiKeHI15I. YnoiKeHHe YCTaHOBHJIO o61l.lHe npa-
BI1JIa TOBapHOro 06pauIemm H3 TeJ1Plrropl1l1 crp3HbJ. 8 3TOT nepl1O.rr. fep-
MaHI15I npe.ncraamma c060" KOHrnOMepaT ll3 nOYTH COTHH pa3p03HeH-
HblX KlUIJKeCTB, repuorCTB, cB06olIHb]X ropoLloB. 06Il.lerepM8HCKOeTOp-
roBOe YJlOJKeHHe CbIrpaJIO IIOHCTIfHe BhUIaIOJUYlOC$! poJIh B pa3BmTlH TOP-
rOBO-X03$!iicTBeHHhlX CB$!3ei1 B CTpaHe, B $OpMllpOBaHHH e.rr.llHoro
HCMCUKoro pblHKa. OHO CTaJIO MOllU-lblM llHCTpYMeHTOM KOHCOnllJ],altHH
CTpaHbl.
32 r naBa 2. 3aI«:JHomu'ernoe pery.llllpOBaime .IOIXUBOH lIe reJ]bHOCTH
r. tb. WepllIeHeBWI 13 CBoeM }"Ie6HJIJre OTMeyaeT mo6olThITHhUl4JaKT,
):IOCIOlrnbrn HallIero BHlfMaHIDI. 8 1896 f.}'IKe 13 elIllImH repMaHlllf 6bUIO
npHH TO rpaJK,!J;aHCKOe ynmKeHlle. C ero llJ.D;aHHeM He06xo.D;HMOCTb 13
cyI.J.tecTBOBaHIlli OT,lJ,enbHOro ToproBOro ynOJKeHJUI OCJIa6.rm, nOCKOJlb-
K)' MHorHe 06U1erpIDK.!I.3HcKHe nQJJOJKeHHjJ 6bUIll nepeHeCeHb] 13 rpa)!(-
):I8HCKUe ynO>KeHHe. OAHaKO C }"IeroM roro, KaK)'lO orpm.rnylO ponb Top-
rOBoe ynO)!(eHlfe 1861 r. CbIJpano 13 npeBp8Il.lemlll CTpaHbJ B Ilempanlf-
30BaHHoe I{ MOlllHoe roCYJJ,apCTBO, B 1897 r. 6bIJ10 ocymeCTBJIeHO ero
nepeu3;J..wlle. 31"OT aKT CTan 60nee cOBpeMeHHbIM ll'lerKlfM.
Do,lJ, BJUUlHlfeM ycnexa 3aKOHo.u,arenbHblX maroB B repMaHIlli,,lJ,a II
C }"IeroM co6cmeHHbIX no-rpe6HOCTeil. B KOHue XIX B. nOYTH 130 Bcex
eBpOneHcKI1X II MHornx JJPYf1tx cTpaHax HapNIY C rpaJK,IJ,BHCKHMll 6bIJUi
npllllllTbi CaMOCTOJiT('JJbHb]e ToproBb]e KO)1eKCbL TaK, B 1899 f.5InoHIDI
npmUIJI8 ToproBb]H KO,lJ,eKC. 110 MHorOM n03al1MCTBOBaB repMaHCKI1
onbiT. ITOYTH Bce 3TH KOJleKCbI npo,lJ,OJD1QUOT ,lJ,eHCTBOBaTb C COOTBer-
CTB)'IOUlHMll I13MeHeHIDIMH II nOHblHe.
Ilpl-lBe)J.eHHWI nepllOJlH3al\IDI pa3BlITIUI. TOprOBOro npaBa He llMeer
npHMoro OTHomeHlliI K HCTOpllH TOprOBJlH B POCCHH. JlBneHlliI PYCCKOH
")KOHOMllyeCKOH H npaBOBOH }]{lf3HH, nplf HanH'lHll p ;:J;a o61u1Ix C eBpO-
neHcKoit TOprOBJIeH LJepT, npelIOnpe,iJCJUlllllcb BHyrpeHHllMH npoll,ecca-
MIl II 3aKoHOMepHOCUIMH.. 31"0 fIbI3bIBaeT He06xOMNOCTb c:aMCJCTOjj'[eJ
Horo nCJlCHIDI llCTOpl1ll PYCCKOro ToproBoro npaBa Ha nepHonbi.
8 Ka'lecrne OCHOBHbIX nepllOJlOB pa3BIITIDI pOCCll CKOro roproBOrD
npaBa MO}]{HO Ha3BaTh: I) ope61iUii nepl/oiJ - JlO HallleCTBll MOHrOJ1Q-
TaTap; 2) CpeOOe6eK06blii nepuoiJ - JlO KOHl.{a XVI B.; 3) paHHeKanu-
ma7l/cmu'lCuwu nepuod - JlO pa3pa60TKH CBOJla 3aKOHOB POCCHHC}WH
llMilepllli (nepB8H "Iperb XIX B.); 4) KaI1Uma.7UcmU<ieCKUU nepuoiJ, npe-
pBaHHb]H nepeBopoToM 1917 r.; 5) coepe.llellilbiu nepllod. PaccMOTpe-
HHe oc06eHHocTcH HB3BaHHbIX nepHOJlOB npoBOJlHICB 13 CnCUHaJlbHOH
nllrepa"I)'pe.
2.2. OJBpeMelDlbIe Tel\!\eIlI\llll
pa3BHTIIJI TOproBOro npaBa
PaCCMOTpeHH8H nepHOJlH3aIlIDI llCTOpllH TOproBOro npaBa llMeeT 13
OCHOBHOM n03H8BaTenbHoe 3H8'leHl1e. 8 H8CTOjJlllee Bpef\.UI ropa3Ji.o 60-
nee B8)!(HO nOHHMaHHe OCHOBHblX npoIleccoB, npOHCXO)J)llUlIX B c<}Jepe
TOBapHoro 06pall\eHIDI, II llX oTpa)!(eHlle B npaBe. 3J1eCb 8KTYaJlbHO cne-
,QylOlll ee .
2.2. CoapeMeHHble TeH,lleHl\HH pa3BlITB.II Toproooro npaBa
33
Ha npOTJDKeHllH TbIC.II<1eJleTHH TOproBaJl ,lJ,e.llTeJlbHOCTb nOCJle,lJ,OBa-
TenbHO pa3BlfBarracb H cOBepWeHCIBOBaJIaCb, HO :no pa3BHTIfe HOClUJO
3BonwlIlfOHHb]H xapaKrep. O):lH8KO B 60-e ro):lbl XX B. B ClllA, a 3aTeM
II B 3aJIaJl.HOll EBpone np0ll30lillIO TO, 'ITO Hepe.!J.KO 060CHOBaHHO Ha3b1-
BaeTCM TOpltmOIt: peBOJuOltHCii. IhIJeCTHh] Kynb"I)'pHb]e peBOJIIOlUill,
Hay'IHO-TeXHlI"lecKHe, llH OpMaL\llOHHb]e -0 HlfX MHoro HanHcaHO. A
BOT CBepllllfBrnylOCM TOp1OB}'W peBonWlIlflO Hallilf ynp3.lllIeHl.{bl II 3KO-
HOMllCTb] OCTaBllJIll 6e3 BHllMaHll , XOTM no 3Ha"lllMOCTlf OHa 6bJJI8 Hlf-
'lyrb He MeHbwe YKa3aHHb]X. OHa npOO30lillI3 B QliA, ee pe3ynbTaTbI
llCnOJIbJOBdJIH TalOKe Llpyrne Pa3BliTb]e CTpaHbJ, K CO)f(aJleHlllO, K)JOMe
POCClfll.
B <IeM BblpIDKanacb 3Ta peI3OJITOl{Jrn? Bo-nepBblX, 6 peRW..1-1 U mxmo-
RHIIO.If .vee.1l/'ieHUl/ 06be.'H06 npoOa;)tC. 3a nOCJIe)1,Hlfe 30 JIeT ofu.eMbl MH-
poBOH ToproBJIlf B03pocmt B 5 pa3, O.ll.H08JX:MeHH0 yaeJIWllUJHCb 061.eMbI
BHyrpeHHeit TOp1OBJIli. BO-BTOPblX, 6 l13.11eHeHUl/ _ leJJloiJoe op2aml30-
Ifuu npou36oiJcm8a 1I COLIma TnOffapv6. npomBO.D.CTBO CTaJIO 6a3lipo-
BaTbC Ha npe,D;BapJITeJIbHOM ll3)"leHliH nOTpe6HOCTeH B TOBape, npo-
rH03lfpOBaHlllf B03MOiKHOCTell ero npo,!J,a)Kl1. B pe3)'JIbTaTe llpOu3BO,n-
erno Ha'iaJIO l{eJIliKOM Onpe.ne1UlTlOl JarJPOCflMH nOK)'naTeJICll. I13rOTaB-
nllBaeTCM TOnbKO TO II B TaKOM KOJ]llI.JeCTBe, "lTO peanbHO MO)KC'f 6b1Tb
npo.n aHO .
YKa3aIllibie Mepbl nmBOJIlUJll ycIp<lHIITb K)JlljHCbI nepenpoll3BO):lCT-
Ba. PblHO"lHaJ! 3KOHOMlfK8 IIpllo6peJI8 'lepTb] BblCOKO opraHUJOBaHHO-
ern, J],llHaMlfI.JHOCTIf. EoneeTOro, Hawe I1JIaHIIpoBaHlIe, KO"I1::pbIM MbI rop-
.I])1JUiCb B COBeTCKI1H nepllO.n, K CO)KaJIeHlflO, He Morno 06ecne<nITb CTonb
BblCOKoro ypOBHM C6aJUlHClfpOBaHHOCTIf npoll3BOLlCTBa H llUI]JC6rIeHiISI.
,l],OCTaTOI.JHO CKa3aTh., 1fTO, cornacHo CTaTlfCT!1"leCKI1M ,D,aHHb1M., B 1990 I.
llJJIHIllHlle 3anaCbI Cb]PbM II MaTepllaJIOB Ha CK.JIa)taX npeJUlPl1 Tlfll paB-
HJIJlllCb "Ipexro.nOBOM)' otTheMY BHyrpeHHero BaJlOBoro npO;:J;YKTa.
ELUe OJ],llH acneKT ToproBoll pCBOJTIO lf - cmpYKmypHWI nepe-
cmpouKa cOh/ma u C1/l16:»ceHUR. nOMBllJIllCb MOll(Hb]e nocpeJJ.Hlf"leCKlfe
3BeHb . 3aHllMalOLUlfeCM npo,ll,lJII>KeHlleM TOBapa. Tame 3BeHbji BKJUQ-
"lafOT B ce6 rOJIOBH)'IO C6b]TOB}'K> lfPMY II 3aBHclllltyfO OT Hee CeTbl{lf-
I1epoB-pacnpocrpaHiITCIIed. Celf'IaC B ClllA C}'lU.C\.-'1'B)ICT 60nee 300 TbIC.
omOBblX ilJllPM no C6bny pa3JllfI.JHblX TOBapOB, B tbpr - 100 Tb]C., Iha-
I1Hll - 90 TbIC. (B POCCHll - OKOJIO 30 Tb]C.). MHorHe npe}:{npIUlTlf.l1-
Il3fOTOBliTeJ1ll nepe}:{aJIll ilJYHKlI,Hli C6blTa CBOllX TOBapOB 3TlIM nOcpe,D;-
HH"leCKlfM 3BeHb.l1M, KOTOpb]e B ClUJY cnemi8Jll13aUlfll cnOC06Hb] 60nee
JilJ$eKTHBHO BeCTli TOprOB)'lO ,lI,e.l1TeJIbHOCTb. YClUJIDIMlf nocpe.nHliKOB
34 r JlaBa 2. 3aK0H0mu'enbHoe pery.llllpOBaime .IOIXUBOH lIe reJ]bHOCTH
ceWlac 06erne'lllBaeTcSI onepaTIfBHOe H paBHOMepHoe npO]:J:BH)KeHHe TO-
BapOB BO Bce TO'lKH clpaHh] II 3a py6eJK.
TOproBaR peBonJOUHSI npllBena II K JJPYT1IM 3aMe'IaTeJJbHb1M peJ}'Jlb-
TaTaM. nO$lIIneHlfe onTOBblX nocpe]:J:HJlKOB B Ka'leCTBe MOlllHOH caMO-
croSlTellbHOH Clll1b] n03Bonlll10 C7nHlImb oUKmam 11pOU3f{O(}rmle7eu liao
nompeVlIme.:I5LIlIl, KOTOPb]H Aa)Ke Ha 3a(18):{e coxpalliUlcSI,lI,o 1960-x ro-
AOB. OmOBb]e nOCpe)],HHKH, HCXO.1I}lllJ u;eJIeH yaenwleHim Co6crneHHO
np(IDWUI, o6eCne1.JllI1ll pellialOll.lee BJIlliIHlle HHTepecoB nOlpe6llTeneH
H8 pa3BI1THe IIpOI13BOACIBa. OHll AooonHCh Henpepb]BHOrQ COBeprneH-
CTBOBaHWI TOBapoB, yny'uueHlliI Ka'lecTBa., paClimpeHlliI aCCOp-TllMeHTa
):I.JHJ y,ll,OB.lleTBOpeHIU] 3anpOCOB nOK)'naTeJJeH. nOlpe6l11eJIb. T. e. Bce Ha-
ceneHHe, nOJIY'illl1 HaH60JIbillHi1 Bbll1I'pblllI OT npOllCllIelUlleH ToproBOi1
peBonH)JUill.
8 H8pO,rJ,HOM X()3jIj'ICTIIe CCCP AI1KT3.T npml3BO.lI,H'reIIeH B 6ecnpe-
Lle]:J:eHTHhlX tlJOpMaX cymecroo an Bce 70 neT, He llCKopeHeH OH H B CO-
BpeMeHHoi1 POCCllH. nOianareTIbHO, qTO eCJIH B HallieH CTpaHe npOlIOJI-
)](lliOT OTMe'laTbCM npo eCCI10H8JIbHb]e npa3J:lHIIKI1, B TOM 'IllCne ,lJ,eHb
pa6on-JHKa TOproBJIll, TO B ClllA B nepHO)J, npe3iJ.1J,emcma KeHHe.1I.H 6hlJ1
npoB03rnallieH ,lJ,eHb nmpe6me.rnJ. 31"oAeifcTInrreJIbHO Bce06lllHH np83-
AHHK, nOCKOIlhK)' nmpe6HTeJIeM MBJI eTC Ka)J(.!l.b]H )](I1TeJIh ClpaHb]. OT
6poMrl1 no ceHaTopa.
Cpe)J,H I'KXDfI1tBHhlX ncpcMeH B CTpaHe 0)J,H8 ll3 3HaLlHMbIX - 3T0
II'JJJ,31-me 3aKoHa P<D OT 07.02.92 N223OO-1 <(() 3alllHTe npaB nmpe6n-
TeJIeiD) (B peJL «1>eAepaIlbHOrO 3aKOHa OT 09.01.96 N 2-«1>3). OH npe]:J:o-
CTaBmJeT npe)K)J,e He6blBaJ1hIe B03MOiKHOCTH 3aI1ll1Tbi npaB II llHTepecoB
rpa)J(,!{aH. 31'0 no:mOmIeT LleJIOBeKY HeCKOJIbKO (qJa30myI'b emmy», 3 -
4>eKTI1BHee 6opoTbCSI c nOCTO}J}llfbIM}I YHlDKeHlliIMll B c4">epe TOprOBnl1
HYCJTYf".
TOproBaR peBOJ1JOUllii e03.lJ:aIla TO, LITO HB3bIBalOT HOBbIM KaLlecmoM
)](H3HH JlJOlIeii: Ha 3ana;:J:e. 31"a KaTeropH51 BIOlJO'I8eT B ee6S1 ynY'illIeHHe
Ka'leCTBa II crpyKl)'pHOro COCTaBa npo.lJyKTOB, nOlpe6mIeMblX OCROB-
HO MaeCO H8CeJ[eHll , a TIUVKe }'BeJ[llqeHlle 06beMa eB060;:I,Horo Bpe-
MeRH JlJOlIeU 3a CLleT JlllKBllJ],aUHH lIe rnmTOB II y6WCTpeHHSI ToproBbIX
onepaU,JJ .
TOprOBaR peBOJIJOlIllii onnpanaCh H8 MOlllHoe npaBQBOe o6ecneLIe-
Hlle, conpoBQ>K;J;anaCh 6ypHb]M pa3BlITlleM TOproBoro npaBa. 31"0 npo-
SlBHnOCh, npe)J()J,e Bcero, e WtlO'i1-/0IUU Il1l18HHblX MHOro 1I0CJITHJIem
H33a;:J; mop206b/.X KoiJeKCOfI, BO BHeCeHllH B HHX ll3MeHeHHH B COOTBeT-
CTBHH C COBpeMeHHhIMll -rpe60BaHWlMH TOproBOro 06opOTa II npHWI-
THll HOBblX KO.l1eKC08. TaK, B 1998-2002 IT. BHeceHbI CYlLl;ecTBeHHb]e
2.2. CoapeMeHHble TeH,lleHl\HH pa3BlITB.II Toproooro npaBa
35
ll3MeHeHHH B PH)]; pa3.l1,enOB repMaHCKOrO ToprOBoro YJlO')KeHll5l. Bo
t!lpaHl-lllH B 2000 r. npHIDIT HOBbI ToproBbI KO B3aMeH JleHCTBO-
BaBwero C 1807 r. B nOCJTellHlle nOJTBeKa 12 cTpaH npllH5IJ1ll OmeJ1bHble
roproBble KOlIeKCbL
B Ka..eCTBe BToporo Ba:lI<Horo nOKa3aTeJ151 pa3BlffHSI ToprOBoro npa-
Ba H3.L\0 OTMeTHTh 3aKOHO)l8TeJJhHhle Mephl B rOcyJJ:8pC"l"B8X o6lQeii
CHCTeMhl npaBa. HanpllMep, B CiliA B 1952 ro.n;y 6bIJT npHHm ErlHHo-
06pa3HbIH TOproBblH KO.l1eKC, no CBoeH cym HBIDUOIJJ).J.HCSl MO.ll,eJ1bHbIM
3aKOHOM. Ha ero OCHOBe B Ka)KJ{OM WTaTe llJ;J;aHb] CBOll ToprOBble KO-
,lI,eKCbL Erumoo6pa3Hb1ii TOprOBb]H KOlIeKC ClllA peryIDIpHo ,lI,onOJ1H51-
eTC5I II yrO'-lH eTCJI, "lTO CIDJ):\erenbCTByer 0 ero 3H8'1HMOCTH II 8KTYaJlb-
HOCTH.
B AHiJIllH H8 py6e>Ke 70- -80-x rO)l;OB I1pllIDITO 19 3aKOHOB TOpro-
BOro npaBa. TaKOBb] 3aKOH 0 cnpase.u.mtBoH TOprOBJIe 1973 r., 3aKOH 0
HelI06poCOBeCTHbIX TOproBblX ycnOBH5IX 1977 r., 3aKOH 0 K)'IlJ1e-npo-
,lI,8)Ke 1979 r.,l1Ba 3aKOHa 06 llCKOBOH JlaBHOCTIt 1980 r.. 3aKoH 0 nepe-
,lI,a'le llMYll\eCTBa 1982 r. II LIp. 113,lJ,8H1le Ha3BaHHblX 3aKOHOB B ClllA II
AHfnllH 3HaMeH)'eT CJJOM TaK H83bIBaeMOH 06meH CUCIeMbi npasa, I1p"-
"leM Heo6paTHMb1H. BMecTo npeLleLleHIHo OHa nOLI BJ1ll5lHlleM n<rrpe6-
Hocreii TOproBJDI craHOBJITCSI HopMarnBHo-npeu:elIeHIHOH, npH'-leM ,lI,aJIh-
Hefuuee ee pa3BllTI1e MeT no "yrH YBeJ1H'leHlUI. LlOJ1ll 3aKOHO)J,8TeJ1bHO-
fO perynllpOBaHWI (craT)'TOB).
B8)KHblM HanpaBlleHueM pa3BllTIDI TOproBOro npaBa 5IBIDleTC5I zap-
/t10HWGIjU5lliatpI01«.L1b11O."'O mop.VJ60..YJ 3UKOHoOame.'lK11lfIll. 3ToM)' cno-
co6cmyeT 3aKJ]101.JeHHe Me)l(.ll,)'HapOJJ.HbIX comarneHHH, a TalOKe H3)1,8.-
HHe Me>K1IYHapO,lI,HbiMll opraHmaW1J1Mll 6oJ1bllIOro <mcna aKTOB no P33-
nll'lHblM OOnpoc8M TOproBOH JlemeJ1bHOCl11
PM cornaweHHH npmuIT B Ka'leCTBe KOHBeHl\llH OpraHH3aLlHH
Ofu,e)lHHCHHblX HaUJ.JH (OOH). ncpBOO'-lepe,ll,Hoc 3H8'iClUfC llMeeT KOH-
BeHl\liJi 0 LlorOBopax MC'"AClI)'HapD,lI,HOH KynJIli-npO)Ja>fm (BeHa, 1980 r.).
no npaBl1J1aM BeHcKoH KOHBeHLlHll 3aKJUo..alOTC.I1 Bce BHelllHeTOproBble
CJ\enKli, ecnll TOJIbKO OHli He OO)l;n8J\alOT nolI ,lI,eitCTBlle JJ;pyrHX corna-
rneHliH.
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KOMliCClliIMH II opraHluaJ..l,lf5lMH OO.ll, 3rnJJ.OH OOH TaKOBbJ, npe)l(1le Bce-
ro, JlOKYMeHTblIOHKT KOHtlJepeHiUlli OOH no TOproBne II P33-
Blmuo; IOHC1ITPAJl- KOMllCCllli OOH no opaBY MC)K)I;)'H8pO.D.HOH
TOprOBJIli.
MCJtClJYH8PODllhIe comallICHWI YflHil»U!I1PYIOT nop5l,lJ,0K IlfiiMCHCHWI
l\eH II TapHlj)OB, CTaH.1\apTllJaL\I1II H cepTll4lHKal\liH TOBapOB, 38KpellJUl-
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HOCTb MC)K.Il)'H8PO;:J;HOH ToproBOH ruuIaTbi H .r:tpynn 8BTOpUTeIHhIX 06-
lIteCTBeHHbIX OpraHllJ811l1if no 060611teHitio 06bTLJaeB ToproBoro 060po-
T8 II llX .IlOK}'MeHI1ipo8..'iHIIIQ B CBOHX ll31I8HllJlX. OHH Kac810TCJI onpe-
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KOBaHIDI TOproBblX TepMHHOB (l1HKOTEPMC), THnOBhle lIHCTpll6blO-
TOpCl<Me H 8reHTCKHe cornaweHllSi. npaBllJ18 06 aKKpeJlUTIlB8X, lLJ:eK8X,
llHKacco II lIP.
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(YHl1JJ.PY A) nyfuJllK}'eT 0606ll\eHlliI 06b]'laeB Me H8pOnHoro TOp-
rOl30ro 060pOT8. OcHOBHblM nO..!l.fOTOBJleHHhlM llM 1I0K)'MCHTOM HBJUI-
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1. AKtyanbHble npo6neMbi KOMMep'lecKoro npaBa: C60pHHK CTaTeM I no,ll,
peD. npo . E. J.1. II}THHCKOrO M., 2002.
2. raI/6up06lO. C rpaJK;J.aHCKoe npaBo. 06Il(IDI 'IacTb. Pa3lIeJllll IIolI
pe)),. H C Il]X'lII1CJJOBlJeM B. A. TOMcllHoBa. M.,2003.
3. Ka.I/UNKa A. Jf. O'lepKll TOproBOro npaBa. M., 2002.
4. Hqxecoo H If KOHcneKTHBHbIH KYPc JleKl{Hi1 nOTOproBOM)' H BeKCeJlb-
HOM}' npaBY. M., 1896. IIepene<laTKa JOpHll. Hay'JHOi1 6H6J11tOreK11. 2003.
S. flempoe If. B. KOMMep'lecroe npaso: Y'Ie6HI1K. C1I6., 2001.
rJIABA 3
Cy6'beKTbI
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no Tpa,IIHLlHH, CJIrnKltBlllCHC.II CTOne1IDl H83aJJ. B KaLleCTBe OCHOBBO"
4>l1I)'pbl, waBHorD cy6DeKTB. T0}T0BOro 060pOTa paccM3"I]JHBalOTCH TOp-
rOBble 06ll\eCTBa nll60 OT.D,eJIbHble ToproBLlbi. C yqCTOM TIoro B 3apy-
6e>KHbL'I: TOproBblX KOlIeKcax II mrreparype no KOMMepLJeCKOMY npaay B
Ka'l:eCTBe LleHTpaJJbHoro npH xapaKTepl1CTHKe cymeKTOB TOprOBblX OT-
HOWeHll" Bbl):{emmOCb nOW/THe «KOMMepC8HT». O):lH8KO pa3Blmte TO-
BapHorD HlUI nmpe60BaJIO nepeCMmpa TaKora nO)]'xOlIa.
8 cOBpeMeHHOM TOprOBOM o6opcrre nOMllMO c06cTBeHHO TOproBlIeB
aKrnBHO y<IaCTB}'1OT II llrpalOT :m8<II1MYlO pOJIb H JJP)'fIole rpynnb] nHI.{.
OrpoMHb]e M8CllITa6b] II nOCTOHHHoe pa:nUfTHe TDproBJH] C03J\aJUt 3"8-
"JHTeJIbHOe pa3HOo6paJHe ee C)'6'beKTH8HO'-O COCTaoa.
TaK, }'YaCTHllK8MH TOproBOH J\e.llTeJIbHOCTH RRJlSIlOTCR Bce opraHll-
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OTHIQ){b He no60'lHaJI onepa ll3IUJOBlrrerrsr. a HB.lU]e'fCjJ Tenepb llC-
KJIlO'-ImeJIbHOH onepalUieH oco6oro pO,!J,8}}'. YBeJlll'leHHe o61.e 1OB npo-
ll3BOAC11!8 II HaCh]l.lIel-me pblHKa pe3Ko nOBbTC}.{JJH 3Ha'leHlle C6b1T0I30
4>YHKlUUI, nOlmeKJ1ll no):{<umcHHc "P0l13BO):{CTBa 3a)J,a1.Je peaml38l{llH TO-
l3apa. B pe3}'JIbTaTe opraHH3au m-llJl'OTOmrrenll CTaJIll 06mmelJbHblMH
yqacTHllKaMH ToprOBoro 06opOTa.
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HblX TOprOBb]X opraHinaUIiH II llH)J;l1l3l1llyanhHblx npe.D.npllHllMaTeneH.
HaWl3eJIHKHH ""caTeTIh A. H. Co.rut\eHHL\bIH H83blBae-r PYCCKoe Kyne-
1.JecTBO (<Cf)'CTI<OM H8I.(JtoH8JIbHOii :':lHeprl1ll» -3TQ 01.JeHb I3btCOta:Ul oUeH-
I MapKC K. lbC (J) Co"!. T. 25. C. 297.
3.1. IIoHJ'lTIle )"WC1HIIKOB roproBOii ne reJ]bHOCTH
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aJIhHhlX OlteHOK.
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CeKTOpOB pOCCllHCKOH 3KOHOMI1KI1. B 2004 r. 60nee TpeTH OT 061l1ero
"lllCna crp"poBaHHb]X IOpl1JJ;l1qeCKlIX nl1l.\ COCTaBJUIJIll ToproBbie
opraHll3altl1ll. J1.oJU] ToprOBJII1 B COCTaBe BBn npeBblllJaeT 20%, TorJla
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pa3YlOlI1.I1X O1pacJIe .
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Kpyr yqacTHllKOB TOproBOil ,lJ,eJITeJ1bHOCTI1 BXO)J)lT Opramf33.L\llH onTO-
BOH TOproBJIll, p03HI1'lHO TOproBJlll, o6uiecTBeHHoro rnITaHItlI, a TaK-
>Ke llHb]e opraHH3al\l1ll, )'"I8CTB}'lOl.llI1e B ToprOBne lUlI1 OK.:13blBalOlllHe
YCJTYfI1 no npO.!!.B1ffi..UflllO TOBapoB Ha pblHKe.
KaK OTMe<IaJIOCb paHee, )'"I8CTHJ.tKaMll KOMMepLJeCKOH ,lI,eSITeJIbHOC-
TIt npH3HalOTCSI TalOKe Bce opraHl13mnlll II llHJ];I1BI1,11yanbHble npe).\npli-
HHMaTenll, npH06peTaIOll.ll1e TOBapbl, MaTepHaJlbl, KOMnJleK'T}'IOll.lHe ill-
,lI,enllSl J],JUI llcnonb30B3H1tlI B npOlf3BO)J;CTBeHHOM npOLlecce llJIll llHoro
X03S1HCTBeHHoro nO'rpe6JIeHliSl.
Y<ffiCTl1e OrpOMHOro Kpyr3 cyfueKTOB B COBepwemill roproBblX one-
paLJ.HH, Pa3JlllqllC BbInOJIIDIeMbIX npll3TOM 4>}'HKltI1H CIDIJlO Heo6xo):{H-
MOCTb llCnOJ1b30B8HIDI,lI,JUI 0603Ha<IeHItlI }'I.J8CTIHfKOB roproBOi1 )J;eSlTenb-
HOCTH TepMllH8 «KOMMepcaHT», 3aKpenJIeHHOro B 3apy6e')f(Hb]X Topro-
BblX KOlIeKcax. 3roT TepMHH npH05pen HOBoe 3Ha<IeHHe, CTaJI cnyA<lfib
llHblM ueIDIM. KOMMepcaHTOM MmKeT Ha3b]BaTbCJi JII060e 11HUO, ocywe-
CTBJUlIOll.\ee TOproBJlIO roBBpaMH B 4>opMe npe.JJ.IlpUHlfI\WTe1lbCIB8.. BMe-
CTe C TeM )J;ei1cTBllSl B Ka"leCTBe KOMMepcaHTa HaJIaralOT 1m nl1UO onpe-
,lI,eJleHHble 05S13aHHOCTH.
TaK, HanpHMep, com8CHU CT. 2-104 E)I,lrnoo6pa:moro ToproBoru
KOlIeKca ClllA KOMMepcamoM npH3HaeTCSI TOT, KIO COBeprnaer onepa-
LlHll C TOBapaMH onpe,lleJIeHHoro pO;:J;a llJIll MO')l(eT paCCMalpliBaTbCSI KaK
06na.u.moll.lI1H OC05blMH 3H8HHSlMH II OnblTOM B OTHOllJeH"" npe.!l,Mcra
C.!I,eJJKI1 no POJIY CBOllX 3amrrm1.. xapm-.-repy nOBe.n.eHllJl llJIll llcnonb30-
BaHllIO nocpe):{HHKa. CJle):{OBaTenbHO, nOW/THe <lKOMMepcaHT» O3H8"18-
er nl1l.\O, CBe..r:tYll.\ee B QTHOrneHlll1 npe.!l,Mera c).\enKlI, B QTillII.Jl1e OT JJPY-
roit CTopOHb] (HeKOMMepcaH1Cl), KOTOpaJI He o5ml)l,acr COOTBeTCTB}'IO-
ll{HMH 3HaHlfSlMH II onbITOM. B OTHorneHlm:'{ C KOMMepC8HTOM TaKoeJllfllO
(HCKOMMcpc8HT) B CHJIY o6ll.\CnpaBOBbIX -rpe6oBaHllH paBCHCTBa II cnpa-
Be)J.l]lfBCCTlf nOJ],Jle)!(JfT nOBbillIeHHo 3<l1I.\l:1Te co CTopoHbl3aKoHa.
54
rnaBa3. C'yfibeJcrb! KOMllleP'JecKoH J:IC'[1'eJIbHOC
8 60J]blll11HCTBe 3ap)I6e>KHhIX ToproBblx KO.D:eKCOB COCTaB yqacTHH-
KGB ToproBoro o60pOTa onpe):\eJIeti ,l:\OCTaTO'lHO AeranbHO. TaK, repMaH-
CKoe ToprOBoe ynO)KeHHe 3aI<peIUUl.eT 4 BJ1.[I;a CHOllX cy6beKTOB. 3To:
I) HaJ],Jle)](allll1e KOMMepcaHThl, T. e. Te, KIO OC}II.l{ec-rE.rnler ToprOBYIO
):leHTeJlbHOCTb B BJ1.[I;e npOMb]Cna; 2) KOMMepC8HIbl no cpopMe - Bce 8K-
LlHQHepHb]e II XO]j(HcTBeHHhle o6111ecTB8, HeJaBlICllMO OT COlIep»rnHHSI
):le.ll.TeJlbHOCTlI; 3) KOMMepCaHTbI no He06xo.llJIMOCTI1; 4) TaK H83blBae-
Mb]e «HenonHble K)'T1Ubm - MeJlKHe TOBaponpOll3BOAHTenH II ToprOB-
LIbt JII060e nHLlO.lLl1R cOBeprneHllH ToproBblx ClIe.rrOK J\on)]{J-IO 6bITb 33-
penrCTpllpoBaHO II Topr080M peecrpe.
OpllBe.D:eHHIDI KJIaCCllcpHKaQJHI '1pe3Bl.l43HHO YCJlOBHa H Marro npH-
MeHllMa. 8mKHo, OlIHaKO, JIpyroe. no repr...WHCKOMY 3aKOH)' Bce mUla,
}"UlCTB)'fOllJ.lle II ToprOBJIe, PYKOBOACTBYJOTC.II. npaBlilIaMll ,lI,e.!ITeJIbHOC-
TI1 KOMMcpcaIITOB, B TOM -mene OC06b]MIl npaBHJIaMll 3aKJIIOqeHIDI II llC-
nO]THeHHJI lIorooopoB. OHll o6snamI EUXTH no ellHHbIM Tpe60BaHll M llo-
K)'MeJID:U.{(UO 0 ToprOBblX onepaI.J.WIx. TaKoiJ nopMOK 3Ha<urreJlbHO yn-
powacr .D,OKa3blB8HHe "PH B03HHKHOBeHlll1 cnopm3 II KOHTponb II 4>llC-
KaJIbHblX Llemrx.
3.2. BI\l\bI Cy61.eKTOB KOMMepqecKOro npaBa
,lLrr51 TO}TOBOro npaBa BaJf(HO BhlJlBHTb II 3aKpeIIllTb opraHH3al\llOH-
Hoe II llM}'lllOCTBeHHoe cBoeo6pa3lle nHl\, 06yCJIOBneHHoe 'GifJ<iI'-replJM
HX yqaCTH5I B KOMMepLJeCKOH lIe5lTeJlld-IOCTH. TaKoe CBOe(){)pa3lle peanb-
HO cyn.\eCTBYeT, OHO llMeeT cyru.eCTBeHHoe 3Ha'leHHe. OlIHaKO LJeTKO BbJ-
pa3mb II 3aKOH01I8TeJlbHO 3aKpeJIJITb:ny CIIelUf4»IK.Y npaaOBe.JJ,eHHe nOKa
HeC)'Meno.
0603Ha<iHM BHaLlane Kp)'1" cy6beKTOB KOMMep'leCKOI"O npaBa. OH
He COBna.u.8cr C 06UUfM" COCTaBOM cy6'beKTOB rpalKJlaHCKoro npalm. PaJ-
JlULlHOH OKaJblBaeTCSI TalOKe TOpl"OBaSi U I"pIDK.JJ,aUCKaH npaBocno-
C06HOCTb OT.JJ,enbHbiX BImOB JIHU.
Ornll'Jll51 HaLlHHaIOTC5I c Toro, 'lTO B roproBOM o60pore He MOryr
yq8CTBOBaTb m06ble cy6'beKTb] rpmKllaHcKoro "paBa. TaK, 4>llJlNeCKHe
JlllU8, rpB/K,L\aHe He 5IBJUllOTC5I cy6'beKTaMH ToprOBoro npaBa. TaK, 4>H-
3llLJeCKHe JIHLI8, rpa)K)J,8He He JlBJUlIOTC5I cy6'beI<TmDl Topl"OBOI"O "paBa.
a)](e JIllU8, peanl13)'lOlllHe npOllYKlIHIO c npnyca.u.e6HbLX yq8CTKOB, He
npll3H8lOTC5I TOproBb]Mll npellnpHHHMBTeilllMH II He ynna"lHB8IOT Hano-
rH H8 }:lOXQlI,bI OT npOll8)KJ1 TaKO" npOt()'Kl\Hll.
3.2. BIlJIbI cy6beKTOB l«JMIIIeP'IecKOro npaaa
55
OrJleJIbHblH rpaJK.LlaHllH MO')KeT CTaTb yqaCTHHKOM KOMMep'leCKOH
,D,eHTenbHQCTH, llllllJb eCJJll OH nOlI)"'llIT cTaryc llJJ.[\HBI.J.[I;YaJIbHoro npe));-
npllHJlMa1eJU1. )1,1111 :noro rpaJK.LlaHHH 06H3aH: nOJlan 3aHBJleHlle no YC-
TaHOBJIeHHO f}JopMe B pemClpl1p)'lOlliI1 opraH; YIUJaTI1Tb c6op; nOJIY-
'l1ITb CBll):{ereJlbCTBO 0 rOcy,D,apcT"BeHHOH perHClpaLlllH KaK I1JU\HBll.lIY-
anbHoro npe));npI1HllMareJUl:; BCTaTb Ha )"Ier B HaJIOroBOM opraHe; npH
He06xo.LlI1MOCTH - nOJI)"-I1ITb .mll{eH3lllO Ha ToprOBJIfO COO'I"BefCTB}'l
lllHMH Bl1.LlaMH TOBapOB.
fnaBa KpeCTbHHCKoro l4>epMepCKOrO) X03HHCTBa, OcyllJeCTBillIlOll.{e-
ro .LleHTenbHOCTh 6e3 06paJOBaHlUI IOpH.I],ll'jeCKOrO nHl.\B, npH3HaeTCH
npe));npHHHMaTeJIeM C MOMeHTa rOCYLlapCTBeHHOH penfCTpaIlIill Kpec-
ThHHCKOro (4)cpMepcKoro) X<ruIMCTBa.
K npeLlnpllHHMaTeJ]bCKO LleHTeJIbHOCTIf rpIDK,iI,aH, OCYllJeCTBJlHeMOii
6e3 o6pa3oBaHllH IOpl.J.[l;l1'leCKOrO J1llU8, CGOTBeTCTBeHHO, npllMeIDIIOTCH
npaBll./Ja IT Pc.!>, KOTOpb]e peryJH.Ip)'lOT 0CTh KplfJUI<IeCKlIX nHu,
JlBIDIIOIlUL'I(CH KOMMep"leCKHMll opraHll3al.{lUIMH, eCJIll llHoe He BblTeKa-
er ll3 3aKOHa, llHbLX npaBOBbiX BIITOB rum cyllJeCTB8 npaBOOTHOIlIeHlUI
(n. 3 CT. 23 rK P<1».
3a py6eiKOM pacnpocrpaHeH nOp ));OK, comacHO KOTOpoM)' 4»:f3I.I<Iec-
KoeJIllLlO, :>KeJ1alOI./.lee CTaTb KOMMCfUlHTOM, JlOJIJKHO 3apentCT)JltpOBaTL-
CH B TOproBOM peecrpe. MHOrHMH TOprOBb]MH KO.n.eKC8N:ll Tpe60BaHite
o CneuH8JIbHOH pemcrpawul B ToproBoM peecrpe npe.rrycMoTpeHo ll)J.JVI
OpraH1t3alU4H. B POCClfI.f JleHCTByer 06lli11H J],JUI. ocyrn.ecTlilleHlUI KOM-
Mep<IeCKOH H llHOH npe)1,lIpllHllMaTeJIbCKOH AemeJ1bHOCTH nopHLlOK ro-
cy.n.apCTBeHHOH pemcrpaWill llH,IJ,HB\1.LlYaJIbHbLX npe.n.npllHHMaTeJIeii II
KpeCTbHHCKJIX (f}JepMepcKJIX) X03HHCTB. npe.n.npllHHMaTem£lme II He-
npe));npllHllMaTeJlbCKlle OpraHll3aUI1H BnpaBe BbJCTyIIaTb Cy6beKT8MIf
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JUfBl.lJ{)'3JlbHbf'{ npeJ:!llpllHllMaTeJle Jl.JUI 3aHSlHUI ToprOBOH JleRTeJ1bHQ-
CTblO.
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3HHCTBeHHbIX TOBapllllleCTB H 0611\eCTB. CTaTbH 50 fK P<P YCTaHaMll-
BaeT llC<IepnblBalOll{l:IH nepe'leHb BI{1l0B (opr8HH38UHoHHo-npaBoBhlX
4>opM) KOMlltep<recKHX opraHloauml. Bll)1b] (opraHH3auHoHHo-npaBoBble
$oPMb]) HeKOMMepqeCKHX opraHH3aUHH onpe.n.eneHb] B IT P<P, t1JeJle-
paJIbHOM 3aKOHe OT 12.01.96 N!! 7-413 «0 HeKoMMep'leCKHX opnuuua-
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56
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ll"3lIeJllUI. OJ\HaKO OHll BnpaBe npO.LIaBaTb TOBapb] nHlllb B C()(Yf13eJCTBIfH
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COJ03bl II aCCOUH8UHll He Bnp8Be 3amlMa"fE,OJ TOproBOH II HHOM npe,n;-
3.3. 0jIamrJ'ITqJbI TOBapHOro pbIHKa
57
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ncrrpe6IITeJ1I>CKHX 06II.teCTR, KOTopb]e H8pH;:J;Y C npeAnp"HHM8TeJII>CKOH
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58
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59
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B HaCTOJIlUee BpeM B CTpaHe e)](erOAHO npOBOJ],JITCSI 1500--1600
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60
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1. Ealll}J06G T. A. KOMMep'lttK<Je npaBo. M., 2005.
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3. KOY3P.f1>HpMB. PblHOK. IIpaBo. M., 1991
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I CM.: l1i£puIeHetnloI r (/) Y'Ie6Ill1K roproBoro npaaa. M., 1994. C. 24
72
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4.2. BHJlbl 06'beKTOB "lOproOOIO npaaa
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74
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JlHreparypa
1. Alldpeeea n. B. KolIIMqwectroe npaBO POCCHH: npo6neMhl npaooooro
peryJ1HpOBaHlliI. M., 2004
2. Ky azuliM H.1b6paHHble"I]JYlIbl. M., 1997.
3. llemp06 n 8., CamllGlHlffl A. n. '3KoHOJl.lHKa TOBapHOrO oqxuueHIUl:
Y'le6HI1K Jl.fUI BY30B. M., 2002
4. llnTOflllOOlJ cP n. KOllllllepqecKIDllle TenbHoCTb: Y'le6HHK. M., 2000.
S. CUiJOp060 T. 3. JlpMdpKH H Bb[CTIlBKH-npo,!:\3)](H KaK Y'laCTHHKH TOPro-
BOro 060p<rra1l AKrya.nbHb]e np06J1eMbI KOMMep'leCKOCO npaBa: C60pHHK CTa-
Teii M., 2002.
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B.Il8CTIl cymeKTOB c!>e.1IepaUllll H opnIH8M MeCTHoro caMoynpaRITeHHjJ
npllHllMaTb 8KTb1 II cOBeprnaTb ,lI,e CTBWI, KOTOpb]e MOryr HMeTb CBOllM
pe3YJlbTaTOM orpaHll4eHlle KOHK)'peHI.lHll. B qaCTHOCTll, 3anpelllacrcjJ
Hoo60CHOBaHHO nperurrc;rBOBaTb oC}'ll.leCTBJIeH1l1O ,lI,eHeJlbHOCTH X03.IJll-
CTBYJOWHX cy61.eKTOB B KaKoll-JlH60 c$epe, Heo6ocHOBaHHO npe.1J,OCTaB-
JIjJTb OT,lI,eJlbHb]M X03jJ CTBYJOllJ,JfM cy6"beKTaM JlbrOTbl, CTaBjJllJ,Jfe llX B
npeHM)'I.l.leCTBeHHoe n0J10JKeHHe no OTHorneHllJO K ,'Ip}'I"IIM cy6"beKTaM,
llT. n.
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BOM ypoBHe npoH3BO.1J,CTBa II TOprORITH, npHlfeM Mepbl >KeCTKHe. COCTO-
JllllI1e B nO..Q8BJ]eHHll l1eHCTBIlH, H8pywaroll\HX TOBapHyro H ueHoBYro
KOm<ypCHlUfiO. 06I.ltCCTBCllliOe MHeHHe OOK8 1lJI0XO c03Haer, 'lTO 3a)J(l1M
112
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KOHK)'peHwm no mOllM nocne.n:CTBWlM He MCHee anaceA, qeM npaMO"
Ipa6e)]( llnll pa'36oM. II nOToM)' He06xoJJ.lIMO npHMeHeHlle Mep 3.L\MllHH-
CTp8THBHOH II yrOJIOBHOH OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH. CTaTbH 178 YK pq, ellle B
1993 r. BBena yronOimylO QTBeTCTBeHHOCTh 38 He38KOHHoe nOBhlllIeHlle
rum: nOMepiK8HHe LleH H HHble MOHonOOllCTHIjeCKHe ):\e CTB"", npe;:J;Yc-
McrrpeB KpynHhle llIIp<$b] II ):{IDKe JIllllIeHHe CBo60JI.bI. OJI.H8KO no ::JTO
CTaTbe 38 Bce ro)J.b] HH 0)1;1111 llenOBeK He 6Lm npHBne'leH K OTBerCTBeH-
HOCTH.
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l.QeCTBJTe""e Mep no 6opL6e C lIeJ106pOCOBeCTlIOii KOIiKypell-
lIuen.
OcHoBHble oooc061>1 HelIo6pocoBeCTHoro Be,ll,eHIDJ KOHK)'peHI.UIH Ha-
3HaHbJ B CT. 10 3aKoHa 0 KOHK)'peHLlHll. TaKoBhI. B qaCTHOCTH, BBeJle-
HHe nmpe6lln:J1CH B 3a6rry>Iw,cHHc OTHOC(fIeJIbHO l<aqeCTBa TOBapa, era
nmpe61HeJlbCKHX mOHCTB, HeKOppeK"fHOe cpa8HeHlle TOBapoB B peKJTa-
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s8rum "i)')Koro TOBapa, pacnpoCTp8HeHHe J1O)KHbIX II HeTO'-lHbIX CBe.IJ:e-
HllH 0 APynlX cy6neKTax.
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YCJJOBrulM 3afIBJ],Hble MOneJIH. rnaBHoe BHI1M8HHe B HeM y,ll,eJleHO aHTH-
MOHOnOJIllCTll<1eCKHM MepaM, 8 He ilJOpMHpOBaHlllO KOHK)'peHTHoH cpe-
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CTBHTeJlbHO aKT)'aJIbHbLX Mep.
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paJIbHblH 8HTHMOHononbHb]H opraH Hero TeppnropuanbHble opraHbl
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B3b]CKaHll B BlUte 3.[lMHHllCTpaTIlBHblX urrpatlJoB (CT. 14.3, 14.6, 'laCTH
1 II 2 CT. 14.8, CT. 14.9, 'l8CTb 2 CT. 19.5, CT. 19.8 KoAIT). PaCCMaTpll-
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Horo opraH8 II llX 3aMecTlrreJIIt.
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6.3. 3alJ..1llTI:l KOHK)'JJeHLlIUI
113
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tbOPMb] Ii MeTOAbJ llX pa60TbI B }'Ka3aHHOM HalJpaBJ1eHHll nOKa '1eTKO
He onpe):leneHbl H He perJJ<ll.teHTllp008Hbl3aKOHOM. 3.L\eCb "lpe6YlOTcj] Ha-
}"fHb]e pa3pa60TKH Ii AonOJ1HIITeJ1hHb]e 3aKOHO.L\aTeIlbI-lL]e peWeHllH.
JbrrepaTYPa
1. BapmltOfia A. H IIpaBoBoe perynHpOBaHHe KOHK)'peHW111 B PoocHH. M.,
2000.
2. Ky- ai?UIIM 11 IIpeJU1pIlHHMaTeJlbCTBoHnpaBo:ol1blT3arr3lIa.M., 1992.
3. JJ) lfKllR E. H r oC)'JI.3fCTIlelJHoe pery1lllpOBaHlre MOHOI1OIIHH H KOHK)'peH-
LlIfH B npoMblliDleHHo pa3BIffbIX crpaH8.'t. M., 1992
4. Q.1eUIIUf< 0 M 3anpen:l. npe.nenhI 11 caHKWiH B 8HTHMOH0I1DnbHOM:Ml-
KOHOlIaTeJ1bCTBeI/3aKOH. 1995. N!!4.
5. flapaUf}'" C. A. KOHK)'peHTHOC npaBO. M., 2002.
6. /Oi)all08 A. B. KOHK}'PeIWIffi. Teoplffi 11 npaKTHKa. M., 1996.
rJIABA 7
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JIurepaw a
1. AIi0pee6 C. E, GfflUIima H. A., l/JeOomo6a A. If. JJ,OroBOp: 3aKJ1lO'1cmre.
JUNeHeHHe. pacTOf»KCHHe. M., 1997
2. AIiOpee6a Jl B. npollIDKa TOBapoB: pyROBOllCTBO no nOlIfOTOBKe K 3aK-
JIfO'IeHHlOlIoroBOpOB. M., 1997.
3. E,;o.--'lIJI JI A. 3J1eKIpOHHBJI KOMMCpwrn: Y'Ic6HOe noc0611C. M., 2005
4. p'aUlKo8 A. n Kor.IMep'ICCKIIi1 1I0roBOp OT 3aKJJlO'IeH11JI1I0 1ICII000HCHI1JI.
M,1998.
S. Ca1leHK08 C. A. PaCTOpJKeHHe 1I0roBopa B IpIDKll3HCKOM o6opore: TeO-
pWi H npaKTHKa. M., 1002.
6. .WU08 C. A D,oI"OBOpHIDl pa6cm. CBCplIJJOBCK. 1986.
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rapatrrniiHbI.ii peMOHT II TCXHH<IecKoe 06cnyw.IB3HIIC 113;:J;C1IHi1. Co CBOe
CTOPOHb] IHrOTOBlITenb lliIll onTOBHK o6K3aHbI: 3aKJIlOqJITb C TaKOH opra-
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,lJ,aH. K)'TTHBWHX COOTBeTCTB}'lOUJ;HeTOBapbl. HaHMeHOBaHHe I{ aupec 3TOH
opraHltJaUI1H J]OBO)l)l.TC" M8rn3IIHOM,lJ,O CBe)J,eHlUI f1()Tpe6llTenci1
MO)!(HO H33BaTb CJ1CA}11OI.1..{He 38JJ.8"1u. perneHulO KOTOpblX npe;J;-
H3JHa<IeH AoroBOp onT080" KynJlu-npO,TJ;a",". 3"1'0: 1) 06CCnCQCHllC
pInMU<IHoro II 6ecnepe60HHoro nOCl)'fUleHH" TOEapOB B p03HH<IH)'IO
ToproBylO CeTb; 2) 06ecnCQCHHC HaJIINIDI accopntMcHTa TOBapoB, MaK-
CllMa.r1bHO y,ll,OBJICTBOp"lOll{ero llHTepecbl nOl<ynaTeJ1ei1, nOCTomlHoe
06HOBJleHHe II ynyqweHHe aCCOpTHMCHTa; 3) nOCT)'TIJTeHHe B M8ra3llHbl
TOBapOB BhICOKOro KaIJCCTBa, 6e30nacHbIX WI" WlnH" H 3)J,0POBMI rpa)!(-
,lJ,aH; 4) nOCT)'IUIeHHC TOBapOB B ynaKoBKc II pac4>acoBKc, yno6Hblx,lJ)VI
nonb30BaHIDI H xpaHcHIDI; 5) 06eCneqCHlle nonHOTbl HHI}xJpM8ltl1lI,lJ)Vl
9.3. K}'IlJUI-npo.lIIDKB H nOCTaBKa
157
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HeHH5I, cpOKax ralIHOCTH II .D.P.; 6) o6ecne<JeHlle ):IJI5I nOK}'flLueJJe B03-
MO)f(HOCTH JaMeHhl TOBapa. ero rapafITl1HHOrO peMOHTa II cepBHCHoro
06cnymmamUi II .ap.
3aKOHOJ].8Te.l1l.CTEO 0 p03HH'lHOH ToproBne B HaCTOHlllee BpeM5I npe-
.nycMaTpHBaeT MHO)f(eCTBO pa3Jm4Hb]X B8HIIH no 06eCne'leHlllO
In-rrepecoB H8CeJleHllH, KOTOpb]e, 'IT06b] 6bITh llcnOJIHeHHhlMM. npe):lno-
naraIOT npllBJIeoICHlle YCHJ1llHI.J3rOTOBHTeJleH II onTOBblX opraHll3aWiH.
npaBoBoH OCHOBO AillI peWeHll51 YK83alllibiX 3a.L\a'l C.lI)f)KIIT ):\orOBOp
onTOBOH KYJUIll-npoJ].8)Kl1. IllIIHC5I B 3aKpeIDleHllH era B 38.KOHe.
CTaTb5l421 rK P<tl n03BOJI5IeT CTOpoHaM C8MllM COCTaBHTh LlOf'QBOp
OITTOBO" KYJUIll-npo,lJ,IDl\H ru1ll COOTBeTCTBYIOUUIM 06p830M nononHHTb
,lI,OroBOp nOCTaBKIJ. O.D.H8KO B 06cr.U:J00Ke cna60 KOHK)'peHl_ll1ll p03HllLJ-
Hwe ToproBb]e opraHl13aLlIrn npaKTH'leCKIJ nllllleHb] B03MO)](HOCTI1 no-
6JITbC5I OT npOLlaBLlOB BKIlIO'IeHH5I B ,lI,orOBOpw Heo6xo):\HMWX YCJ10BllH,
nOCKOJIhKY Hll HOPMb] 0 noroBope nOCTaBKH, Hll rJIaBa 30 rK P<tl B Lle-
nOM He npeJJ,yC cnpllBaIOT COOTBeTCTB)'IOI.l.lHX npaB P03HH'lHb]X Topro-
BblX OpraHll3aWiH BO BJalfMOOTHOllleHlliI.X C npO,1J,aBuaMH (nOCTaBIllIf-
KaMH). npOBOLlHBWHeC5I 06cnCJIOBaHllH n0K83b1B8IOT, '1TO ce 'l8C J1lllllb
B TpeTH ,D,OJ'OBOpOB Me»\.!IY nOCTaBUUfKaMll II POJHll'lHh]Mll TOprOBl.lMH
opraHll3alllUlMH CO.n.q»K8TCfI Bce Heo6xoJl,I1Mb]e YCJlOBI1Jl, 06eCneLJllBa-
IOlllIfe COOTBeTCTBlle TOB8pa npaBllJ18M npo,lJ,a)i\1f B p03HHLJHOH CeTl1.
,[(OroBOP omOBO K}'IDlI1-npo.n;.uKl1 o6t,elITlfBHO He06xo.mIM AillI CO-
3J\aHH5I OTe<.JecTBeHHoro TOBapHoro phlHKa. npOC'leTOM rK P<tl flBJlReT-
CH TO, '1TO, npe,D,YCMOTpeB B 2 rJI. 30 0 noroBope p03HllLJHOH K}'IDlI1-
npo,lJ,IDMl nOJIO>KeHIDJ, HanpaBJIeHHble Ha 3awmy npaB nOTpe6l1TelfeH,
KO,D,eKC He yCTaHOBI1JI COOTBeTCTB)'lOUUlX 06513aHHocreii lI.llUroBlITeJle
II OIITOBhIX OpraHll3aLlI1H, YCllnH5IMll KUTOphIX TQJThKO I{ B03MOJKHO o6ec-
nC'IllTb BbillOJIHCHHC COC1fBC1CTB}'JOlX B8HKii ornocJITCIlliHO npo-
,lI,aBaeMoro TOBapa. OrcyrCTBlle 3aKOHo.n;aTeJlbHO yperyJmpOBaHHoro ):\0-
rOBopa onTOBOH KYJUDf-npO)),a)]{]f 3aKpelUUl.eT npllMlITl1BHbJH ypOBeHb
H8IlJeh TOproRTIM. npemrrCTB)'eT ynyqllleHlIlO o6c.rrywlB8Hll51 HaceJIeHllH,
Be)leT K MacCOBblM HapyrneHlDIM 3aKOHHbiX mrrepeCC)B rpa)l(J:{aH.
9.3. Kyrurn-npollilllill H nOCTaBKa
B rex CJJ)"IMX, KOr,ll,a npHo6peTaeMhie TOBapbl He npe,!I.Ha3Ha'leHbl
JJ.ll51 npoJ]BJfAreHH5I B pOJHllqH}'JO TOpJ'OB}'JO CeTb, Y CTopOH}0Ke HeT He-
06XOJl,i1MOCTIf 38KJllO'illTb ):IOroBOp OmOBO" K}'IlITI1-npoiJ,8)Kl1.. CBOll OT-
158
[JlaBa 9. AoroBOpbl Ha peanH3aUHlO TOaapoB
HOllleHll OR'" MOryr O!JJOpMHTh LlOroBOpOM nocraBKH llJIH JlOroBOpOM
K)'IInlf-npOiJ,a)KH J],JIH npe)JJIpHHHMaTeJlbCKHX (xo3 ikTBeHHh[X) Lleneii.
B :nOH CBSl3H Heo6xo;I,JfMO paCCMOlpeTb OTJ]U",UTe;1I.lIble ..epTI.I
JJ,orOBopOB nOCTaBKH II K)'UJUI-npo)),a)KH, HBmUOIl.lllXCJl HapMy c onTO-
BOH K}'TI.fIeii-npo):lruKeij OCHOBHb]fl.1H ,lI,orOBopaMll TOBapHOro 06palUeHll».
JJ,OroBOp nOCTaBKlI - ::ITO pOCCllOCKoe HBJIeHlle, npO.LlYKT OTeIJe-
CTBeHHOH npaBOBOH II npeLlnpHHHMaTeJlbCKOH MhlCJTH. Pa3pa60TaH OR
fiLm HapMY c y:JKe cyllleCTBOBaBWI1M nOfOBOpOM Kyrum-npo)J,a)KH II
npe)J;Ha3Ha'larrCH JI.JUI peweHIUI TaKHX 33):\a4, JI.JUI KOTOpbIX Mo):\enb K}'n-
JIll-npOtWKH 6b1JI8 HRHO HenpHrO.lJ.Hoii :no fiLUUi 3aK)'llKH pecypcoB J])llI
rOcyAapcTBeHHblX, e Bcero - BoeHHhlx, HY)K):l. nOCTaBKH HOCH-
JIM. KaK npaBWlo, KpYJ1HOr.mcWTa6HbIHI1 JJ.OJIroapeMCHHbIH xapaKTep, c
peryllilpHo nOBTopHfOllU1MllCH onepaUlUIMll no nepe;:J;a'le H OIUIaTe CTo-
llMOCTH TOBapa. BecbMa HarJVI,IT.HO 3TH npll3H8K11 npOCJIe>KKBalOJCH Ha
paHHlIX :lTanax C}'lllecmoB3HJffi AorOBopa nOCTaBKJI - B}'KaJ3X neTpa
BeJutKOro 0 KB3eHHblX nonp1l.l1.8'11: II nOCTaBKax.
8 nocnelI)'fOllU1e nepHolIbI BI1l\OBble CYll\HOCTHble <IepTb] AoroBopa
nOCTaBKH TO pa3MblBaJIliCb II OH c6.mrnmnc" AO Hepa3J1ll<IHMOCTH C K)'II-
J]e -npQJ:lIDKerf. TO BHOBb nOlI BJIH"HlleM nO"Ipe6HOCTe xro,, cTBeHHO
npaKTHKH Bb]XO)I,JfJIll Ha nepBblH nJIaH. nOJIY'lB51 coarneTCTB)'lOwee 3aK-
peflJ1eHHe B 3aKOHO)1aTe.l1bCIBe.
TaK 3TO 6blJIO B nonmKeHIDIX 0 nOCTaBKax npO.1J,YKWill II TOBapOB
1969 II 1981 rr., KOTOpble J\IDKe B YCJ]OBItlIX nO.D.<IllHeHItlI J\oroBopacllc-
TeMe lUTaHOBoro paCllpe;:J;eJleHll 3aKpenllJIll p Ll3Ha<IllMblX B03MffiKHO-
CTeH. TaK, 6blJI onpe.1J,eneH nopMoK 3aK.JllO"ieHIDI J\()Jlf(A.--po'iHblX J\oro-
BOpoB, YCTaHOBJIeH npllMepHbIH Kpyr BonpocoB, nOlUle)f(aIlUiX yperyJTIi-
poBaHHlO H8 pM neT. nO)J.06Hble nepcneKl1fBHb1e yCJJOBIDI ,lI,OIDKHh] 6blJIH
npeLlYCMa"lJ'l'lBaTb, B 'iacTHOCTH, nOCJIe)J.OBaTenbHoe pacllIHpeHHe H 06-
HOBJICHHC accop1HMCH'IR. Y.Il)'t.JillCHHC Ka'iCCTBa TOBapOB, cOBcpilleHCTBo-
BaHHe Tapb]. ynaKoBKH. cnoc06oB onpY3KH TOBapoB ".D.P. ,[{pyro« Ba)f(-
HblH MOMeHT COCI'O}IJ] B .lI.OnYllleHllH B03MOJKHOCTH l!O"3.AeuCTBIDI nOKY-
naTeneH Ha aCHOBe AorOBopa H8 npoll3BO.lJ.CTBeHH}'IO ,lI,e"TenbHOCTb no-
CTaBll\HKOB B L\eJUlX 60JIee nOJIHoro Y.lI.OBJIe'fBOpeHll" llHTepeCOB nO'rpe-
6llTeJ1eit Ha 3TH 3H8<IHMble CBoi1:CTBa ,lI,orOBOpa nOCTaBKll 06pall\aJIH
BHHMaHHe llJBeCIHhle poccnHCKHe IJ,HBlt.nllCThl3. r. KpblJIOBa. P. 0. XaJI-
<pllH8, JJ,. H. Ca4>ll)'llJIHH, 8. A. .sbeB II J\I'.
K CO)f(aJIeHlllO, YKaJaHHb]e OC06eHHOCTH 6blJIll yrpatJeHbl B fl{ P<tJ.
'ITO pe3Ko CBepll)'no II npllHH3HJJO B03MO)f(HOCTH J\orOBopa nOCTaBKH.
MOAeJ1b JJ,oroBopa nOCTam:ll B ee HbIHCillHeM Bll)J,e CTana Manonpo,!{yK-
THBHO", OHa He llMeeT <JeTKoro WHKl.lHOHaJIbHOro npe)J.Ha3Ha<IeHItlI.
9.3. K}'IUUI-npo.lIIDKB H nOCTaBKa
159
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naTb B Ka<ieCTBe nOCTaBll\lfKOB (B noroBopax nOCTaBKlf) II npolIaBUOB (B
.norOBOpax KYflJ1H-npO)]8)Kl1).
ComaCHO CT. 506 rK P<tl B Ka<ieCTBe nOCTaBl.QllKa MO')l(eT BblCl)'-
naTb JIULIO. Ocyl.QeCTBJDllOl.Qee upeL\UpUHUl\I8TeJlbcKylO L\eH...eJlb-
IIOCTb U npOHJBO.il:Hlllee IfJIH 33K)'n310111ee peaJ1HJyel\lble UI\I T08a-
Pbl. 3aKymrn TOBapoB MR nOCJIe):{ylOll1eH llX nOCTaBKH MOryr npOlf3BO-
,lI,lITbCH CneI1Im/lll:mpoBaHHblMH OpraHllJaUWIMlf, npo4eccuOIIaJIbHO ocy-
f.l.l€CIRIDDOlllIlMlf TaK)'lO ):IeJITellbHOCTb. TepMllH {{3aK)IlK8» npllMeWleT-
CR B rK P<tl l1HllIb B OTHOllIeHllH opraHll3al.lllH, OCYllIeCTBnRlOll.lllX
KOHIpaIaaW1lO ceJ1bCKOXmRHCTBeHHOH npO.lJYKW1ll (CT. 535).
TaKlfM 06Pa30M, OpM8.JIbHO He MOryr BblCryll8Tb B K8<ieCTBe no-
CTaBll.lI1KOB onTOBble ToprOBwe oprcllIII3aLIllH, He RBJUllOlliI1eCH 3arOTO-
BlITeIISIMlf COOTBeTCTBYKml,l1X TOBapoB. He BnpaBe JaKJIfO'-JaT1. JlorOBO-
pbl lIa nocTaBKY C03)J,aHlIb1X llMI1 TOBapoB Henpe.n.npllHI1MaTeJIbCKl1e
OpraHl13allHll. He MOryr 6bITb nOCJaBlIUfKaNll MHome .npyrlfe cy6'beK-
T1.I TOproBOro o60pOTa. He 06.na.n.afOllIlfe nplf3HaKaMM. YKa3aHHhIMll B
CT. 506 fK P<tl.
B OTnH<ilfe OT nOC'l"aBl.."U 110rOlIOp K)'nJJU-npOJ1.3*H HBJJHeTCH }'IIU-
DepCaJlbHOil npaBoDoil MO.il:eJlblO, npllMeHJ'ieMOH BO Bcex c epax TOp-
rOBoil )J,CSlTCJ1hHOCTH, rJJ,e JaKOHOM He npe.n.llllCaHO I1CnOJIh30BaHI1C.npy-
rlfX BH.LIOB JlOrOBOpOB. OroBOp K)'IInll-npOiJ,a)Kl1 MO')l(el" 3aKJ1I()q8,ThDI
nlO61.lMlf Cy6I.eKTaMll ToprOBoro 060pOTa, B TOM <ilfCJ1e HeKOMMepI.JeC-
KHMI1 (Henpe.n.npllHllMareJ1bCKI1Mll) OpraHl13aUllil.Mll.
B IOpllJJ,J.lLlecKOil mnepaT)'pe B1.ICKa3aHO MHeHHe, LITO ,lI,orOBOp no-
CTc:1BKlI «Half6onee OllTllIII3JIeW»)J,JUI perynnpOB3HIDI B3alfMOOTHOllIeHll
Me)K):{y npoUJBQ,lI,IITeIDIMll TOBapOB II nOCTaBllllfKaMll Cb]PM], MaTeplla-
1I0B JH160 KOMIUJCKTYfOllI.HX 1131IeJ1H"; Me)l(ll,)lll3fOTOBI1TCID1MH TOBapOB
II omOBblflfJI ToproBb]MH opraHJ.naI,111 MU. cneUuaJlll3llp}'fOU1IIMHCR Ha
pea1IIn3lUUf YKa3aHHb]X TOBapOB J . OJIHaKO C'IllTarb .nomBOp nOCTaBK11
(<Hau60J1ee onTHM8.JIbHb]M)) JI.JIH peryJlllpOBaHHR OTHOllIeHlfH Me)K):{y 11]-
rOTOBllTeJIRMH 11 onTOBblMH ToproB1.]MH OpraHHJ8IllliIMll elIBa J111 BepHO
ll3-3a nOJ1HOro llfHoplfpOBaHll B JaKOHO)1aTeJ/hCTBe 0 nOCTaBKaX ycno-
BI1H, Heo6xoJ1HMblX MR nOCJIe):{yfOll1eH npo)J,a)KH TOBapOEl HaCeJIeHHlO.
CTaTWI 454 fK P<D npe.lJYcM8IpllBaeT, 'ITO no JlOrOBopy K)'lUJll-npO-
.l13iKI1 nponaBel\ 06H3Yerc nepe.L\3Tb B co6cTBellliOCTh nOK)'narenlO 6Clllb
I CM. BllmplfllCKlIU B. B. JJ,orOBOp IlOcrI\BKIII1 OTJ\eJTbHble era BJJ.rlbJ. M., 1999.
Cll?
160
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(m08ap). Donee TOllHOM npe.nCTaB.JUleTc.II. c}JopMymfpoBI<a CT. 237 rK
PC<DCP, camaCHO KOTOPO" IIpO.I\3Bel\ 06.113blBaJlCH nepe;:J;aTb nOK)'ll8Te-
ruo UI,!Ufl'C11Z60. 3anllCb B 3aKOHe 0 nepe;:J;a<re Bell.lll (TOBapa) Ha npaK-
THKe He paccMalpllBaeTC.II. KaK 06H3aHHOCTb nepe):\aTb nllllIb MaTepllaITb-
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60e 11M}'lltOCTBO, BKJlI04ID1 LleHHb]e 6YMarH, llHtlJopMaWHO. omeKTbI llH-
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KaK OTMe'IaJIOCb paHee, He Bee TO, 'ITO npll3H8eTC.II. TOBapOM B npaBe
rpaJKJJ;aHCKOM, .ll.BJlReTCSI OmeKTOM KOMMep'leCKoro "paBa.
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mllOT 4JYHKLlI1IO OpraHll3aLtHH aKTOB 06MeHa TOBapa HalIeHbJ1i II ,lI,eHer
H8 TOBap. 8 COO"IBeTCTBJut C npllHQllnaMll llOCTpOeHllR fK P<tl o6lltJfe
nonmKeHIDI 0 K)'IIJ1e-npO.lJ,fDKe, peryJ1llpYIOIllHC .LIOroBopLI KynJut-npo-
JJa:>KH, cocpe,ll.OTOYeHbl B I m. 30 KO.LIeKca. 06I1U1e nOJIO)Ke""}J 0 K)'f1-
J1e-npo.ll.a)!{c npllMeWUOTC.II. TaIOKe K OTHOllieHrulM no nocraBKaM. eCJUi
llHoe He npe.uyCMOTpeHO H0prvtar.m 1\""(},lI,eKca 0 ,lI,orOBOpe nOCTaBKH. npH-
MeHHTenbHO K ,noroeopy nCCTaBKh cneUlfaJIbHble npaBma, peryJllfpYK>-
lll,He OTHorneHIDI no IlOCTaBKaM., ltMelOT npHopmcr HM )'K838HHblMlt 06-
lll,HMH nOJIillKeHlUIMll.
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CTaBKlf npoHBJUleTC" llX Kp3.IIWI" CKYAOCTb ll, 'ITO 60nee cyllIecTBeHHO,
llCK)'CCTBeHHbJH xapmrrep OWeCeHlUI. llX llCKJIlO'lIITeJIbHO K AorOBOpy
nOCTaBKlf. no CBoe npnpo):{e 3TH «oco6eHHOCTII» ,lI,oroBopa nOCTaBKH
HOCHT 06ll.l11" xapaKIqJ AJUI peaml.J8lU10HHblX AOroBOpOB, a Hepe):{KO
All" Bcex AorOBOpoe KOMMep'leCKoro npaBa.
S Ka'leCTBe oc06eHHOCTll 3aKJIIO'IeHlUI. ,noroBopa nOCTaBKlf OTMe<Ja-
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JlOBlt" ,lI,orOBopa. CroPOHa, nOJl)"-1HBWaJI nO,D,TBep>K;l,eHlle 0 COmaClllt
3aKJIIO'UtTb JlorOBOp, HO Ha llHblX YCJ10Blt"X, ):lOJ])KHa B Te'leHHe 30 JlHe
npHH Tb Mepbl K comaCOBaHHIO YCJJOBllH JloroBopa, no KOTopblM B03-
HHKJIll pa3HornaCliJ].
AaHHoe npaBHJ10 Ha npaKTHKe He co6moJlaeTc", nOCKOJIbKY 3aKOH:
a) He npeJI)'CMOTpeJI nOCJ1eJlCTBH Hec06J1lOlIeHH" }'KaJaHHoro Tpe6o-
BaHID!; 6) He ypel)'JlllpOBaJI XOT" 6bJ B OCHOBHblX MOMCHTaX npOl.{e,[I,YPY
corJJaCOBaHH" paJHomaCltH. KpoMe TOro, B o6CTaHoBKe paJBaJla ,noro-
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9.3. K}'IlJUI-npo.lIIDKB H nOCTaBKa
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6b] yCTaHOBlITb Ami Bcex BH.LIOB KOMMepIJeCKJIX norOBopOB.
YCJTOBHe JlOT'OBOpa nOCTaBKH, npe,uyCMaTplIBaJOll.\ee nocmBI<)' TOBa-
pOB OTAenbHbJMlI napTItlIMlI B <IaCTIlb]e CpOKil B Te<JeHlle BCero apeMe-
HII .LIciICTBllR JlorOBopa, KOHeIJHO )](e, HOCllT He CneUHaJlbHbJH, a 061l\llH
xapaKTep ):{.JUI BCex BH.LIOB peanll'3al.tlIOHHb]X ,lI,OrOBOpoB. nOCKonbKY B
06ll{lIX IlOJIO>KeHmIX 0 K)'T1JTe-npOLlIDKe TaKoe npaRMO OTcyrCTBycr. CTO-
pOHb! MOryr no cBOeH llHHl\HaTHBe BOCIIpOlUllO,lUITb em B noroBope K)'fI-
nll-1lpIJ.l¥UKI1 II .r:tpynL'< Bl1)I;aX TOproBb]X JlorOBopOB.
l(aBHO JlJBeCTHbIi1IIHCIpyMeHT cpra.HH3<lI.tIlII roproBblX olHoweH1Ut: -
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,D,a)f(l{ XoomlCTBO H npaBO. 1999. N2 II.
2. Baxl/ul/ J1. r JJ,oroBop K)'ITJlH-npOllaJKH JI nOCTaBKH TOBapoB fI PI1CK.
1997.N26.
3. Bumpmtualu B. B. .D:OroBOp KyrulU-l1pOJJ,IDIUt Ii ero OT,lI,eJJbHble BHJJ.b1. M.,
1999.
4. PQ.1kJJ{(!1llO. B OJCTeMa 1I0roBOpoB B IjImKJI,aHCKOM npaBe PocaIH. M..
2001.
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TllKa. CII6.. 2002.
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npaimSOll Ha}'KOll II He yperynHpOBaHb] B 3aKOHOJ{arenhCTse.
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rpaMMHbJe cpeJJ.C'fBa. Cyw,ecTB)'iOw;HH npaBOOOH CJlOBaph (CJJ.eJlKH, fOpH-
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Ami pCIlJCHI1H YKa3aHHblX 3a)J,a'l Tpe6yercfl 60JlbllJaji H8}"1HM paGa-
TIt. COCTaBJIjiJOlI.l3JI O.u;HO m HanpaBJIeHMH reoprrn KOMMep'leCKoro npasa.
JbrrepaTYPa
1. Allopee8a H. B. KOMMep'lecKoe npaBO POCCJIH: IIp06neMb] npaBOBOro
perymipOBaHWI. M., 4004
2. BaxHlIH 11 r. IIp:mom.re BonpoCb[ no)],lUfOBKll H JBKJ]lOljeHH 1I0ro80-
pOB, o6pa.Jyrouwx lIOro80PH)'lO CHCTeM)' 1/ KOMMep"lecKOe npaBQ. 2002..N!! 14.
C.1-7.
3. KoMMep'l.ecKoe (ToproBoe) npaBo: Y'le6HH!I IIolI pell. 10. E. Eynarelt-
Koro H B. A. 5I3eBa. M., 2002.
4. Oamooa J] B., Oomooa J1. M OCHOBb[ KOMMejJ'leCKOHlIe Te!lbHocTH:
Y'le6HllK,lI,JUI Bj'30B. M., 1997.
rJ1ABA 11
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rpalK,!{aH8MH II ToproBoro 060pOTa. )],mI. npelIOCTaBJIeHHM nO)1,JlHHHOH
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JIHreparypa
L AKryaJIbHble npo6.rreMb] KOMMep'JecKOro npaBa: C6opHI1K CTareii M.
2002.
2. Ba'(1iI1H Jf r 06 OCHOBaHH X 4JoPMHpooaHIIJ] ycnomlii ;:J;orOBopa B npeJI-
npHHIfMaTenbCKOii ,lI,eMTenbHOCTIf /I X03 ii.cTBO H npaBo. 1999..N!! 3.
3. 3creudooE.jJ. .lJ,orOBOpHOe npaBOPOCCIfI1. M., 1998.
4. XO'U()fI C A OpraHH3Blllf H TeXHHKa ):\OI"OBCfJHOu pa60Tbl Ha npe.lJ.llpH-
jffHH. Caepl1JlOBCK, 1982.
5. PaJ)! M H.,LI6eflu..V6 Jf. B JJ,OroBopHall. pa60Ta: opraHH3alllffi, TeXHOJ1O-
rH.II, ynpaBlJeHHe: Y'Ie6.-npaKT. noco6ne. M., 2005.
rJIABA 12
IIocpeMBf'leCKHe OroBOpbI B TOpfOBJIe
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225
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neHHe llM)'li.\eCTBa llnH nnaTeiK8 OT"IpeTbero nl1I.{a, KOTOpOM)' TOBap ne-
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pa)]()J;eHHSI 3a 06bl'lH}'JO KOMHCCHfO.
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226
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254
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nO)I.J1llCaHHeM CTOpOHaMH COCT3B.11eHHOrO c1'paxOBlllI:IKOM ,lJ,oK)'MeHTa. B
3aKIlIO'-I8eMOM AoroBope c1'paxoB3HllH MOiKeT llMeTbCH CCbUIK3 H3 ):\0-
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plIBae'r B03M()}KHOCTb ol}opMJICUml oTHoUJeHHH no crpaxoBaHHIO ....ellt'-
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cH1Iy n. 3 CT. 941 fK pcp npHopllTer HMelOT yCJ10BlUl CIp8'1:oooro nonH-
ca Ha KOHKperH)'JO napTHIO TOBapa (rpY3a).
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258
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JIurepaw a
1. EpazUHCKUU M Jf, BumpRIICKIIU B. B. ,[(oroBOpHOC npaBo. lumra Tpe-
TWI. M., 2002.
2. E6iJoI...'I.IWea E. 4>paHWH3a H 1I0roBOp KOMMe)J'Iecmii KOHueccHH II Xo-
3 HCTBO H npaBO. 1997. N 12.
3. Jf llaii'106a E. B. IlpaBoBoc peryJlHpOBaHHc MBpKCTlrnra. M., 2002
4. C)eopoPll C. JJ,OroBOp xpaHcHHJlII POCCHMCKIDIIOCTHUHJI. 1998. N!!6.
5. illu.me B. B. CrpaxoBaHHe. M., 1997.
6. muunl1l'k K. 3KcnOpr; npaBO H npaKI1U(3 MeJKLIyHapo.aHoM ToproB-
JlH. M., 1993.
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M. M. Pacconoro. M., 2001.
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16.1. Cyw;HOCTbUJBe"lC"lBeHHOC
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KpaHHe CnO)](Hb1M ,lI,eJ10M.
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3aKOHOM llJUf ):\orOBopOM.
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opraHmallilli oc m OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH npH mcylci BUH ee
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no CMb]CJIY n. 3 CT. 401 rK P<f> nepe'leHb 06cmomne1bcme Henpea-
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16.4. OcHOBaHH.II VI OTOTBeTCTBeHHOCTH
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BeTC'1BeHHOCTH.
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eBOll 06 3aHHOCTH.
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opraHll1alUUlMH. TaKHM 06pB30M, B3aHMHaji, 0601Oj{HM BHHa B npollc-
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)'MeHbUlHTb pa3Mepbl OIBeTCTBeHHOCnJ nomKHHKa CCHJIBeTCTBeHHO cre-
neHH BJIWlHlUI HeHa)J.IJe>KalUJ1X .[(ei1CIBIUI KIDKJI.oro nHlIa Ha B03HllKHO-
BeHlle OIpl1l\iT'IellbHoro pe3ynbT3Ta.
3aKoH npe.Ll)'cMaTlmBaer ell{e .ABa OCHOBaHHM, no KOTOPb]M cy.[( He
06 3aH, a nHrnb Bupa8e YMeHbllJUTb paJruep OT8eTCTIJeIIHOCTH. npll
3TOM cy.LI MO)KeT BOCnOJIb30B3TbCM, a MO)KeT II He BocnOJIb30BaTbC CBO-
llM npaBOM. 3.AeCb 38llHrepecOBaHHO CTopoHe H8)J.I1e)KJ.J.T caMO npo-
HBJIWfb llHHlIHaTHB)' II 3<U1BJ1HTb XOJl3TaHCTBO B cy.LIe 0 CHll)KeHllH Pa3-
Mepa OT8EICTBeHHOCTH.
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ytlIep63. Ecnll Kpe.[(lITop He npllHIDI TaKlIX Mep nOOo YMb]UlI1eHHO llJ1ll
no HeOCTOpmKHOCTH CO,ll,eikTBOBaJI YBeJIllyeHHIO y6bITKOB, pB3Mep OT-
BeTC'1BeHHOCTIt .[(OJIiKHllKa MO)KeT 6b1Th )'MeHbweH cy,ll,OM (n. I CT. 404
fK P<P). 3)J,ecb HaJU1lIO HeTOl.(HOCTb 3aKOHa. B cnyqae. KOnIa KpeLUrrop
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B no.[(06HoH cmyaU;l1ll ,lI,OJJ>KHliK)' HMO Tpe60BaTb YMeHbweHWI pa3Me-
pa OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH COOTBeTCTBeHHO creneHI1 BHHbl Kmi\D.OH ll3 crOpOH
B B03lillKHOBelum Y&.ITKOB.
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RIIIDIHHj] H3 llCl10nHeHHe ):{orOBopHb]X 06 JaTeIlbCTB Heo6xOLlHMO ocy-
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6pOKa'leCTBeHHblx TOBapoB H .D:p.
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onpe,!!,eJIeHHe oc06eHHOCTeH ilJl1KCHpOBaHWI II LlOKa3blBalUVi pa3Mepa
y6hlTKOB OT HapyweHll ,[\.ill! OT):{eIlbHbL,,{ oTpacJIe 3KOHOMHKH. Heo6-
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KHM nplJeM8.M Be..r:teHrui pa60Thi no B03MenteHll1O y6bITKOB, npHMeHeHlllO
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06uaHHOCTCM /I OcywecrwieHIIe H 3alW1Ta rpIDt\lI#lHCKHX npaB. M., 2000.
3. Kv.uapoe A. C OrneTCTBeHHOCTb B KOMMep'leCKOM 06opoTe. M., 1991.
4. Tl)'ZWlCKllU 5. Jf., Hooep06 0. r IIpaBOBIDI pa60Ta: Y'Ie6HHK. M., 2004.
rJIABA 17
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KO C11)')K6b] K3JK,[lOH OpraHll3<ll.{Mlf B01HlJKaeT 33J\aqa OpraHJl1OBaTh npH-
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nopTHblX H paC'ieTHbiX ,lI,OKYMeHTOB ll)111 onpllXOAOBaHllH TOBapOB;
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JleKl{HH. G16., 2003.
2. KoMMep<IeCKOeTOBapoBelleHHe H 3K\..--nepTl1J8: Y'Ie6HOe noc06we,lJ..lUl BY-
30B r. A. Bac]{J]beB, JI. A. H6pamMoB. H. A. HaraneTb HU H lip. M.. 1997.
3. l\"pu<o6a.uii IT A , 1<.0ea.1<'6 A ft, Cmpll:JlC06 C. r. TOBap Hero 3Kcrrep-
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4. 06lW1e npaB]{J]a npoBeJJ;eHIUI 3KCnepnI3bI Ka'leCTBa Ii. KOnH'IeCTBa TOBa-
poB. M., 1996.
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LlHlliIllHO . ToproBoe 3aKOHo){aTenhCTBO 6a:mpyeTc B JH3'1lITeJlbHO
CTeneHit Ha rpa)K,!J;aHcKoM 3aKOHO){aTeJTbCTBe H npe,!J;CTaBJlJleT O){H)' 113
ero o6oco6JTeHHblX, 8BTOHOMHbiX 'laCTdL n03TOMY H3YQeHlte KOMMep-
qea(CJro npaBa npe.DYCMaTpIiBaeTC yqe6HbiMIi nJl8HaMIi nacJIe 03HaJ;Uflt-
neHltR C1}')].eHTOB C rpa)KjfaHCKltM npaBoM. npll 3TOM paCCM8TpllBaeMhle
npo6neMhl.D:OJDKHbl m6HpaThCH TaKHM O a30M, 'lT06hl llCKIUO'll1Ib npIi
2. CUJ],ep)KafIIR'lIHCUHnnHHbl
325
myqeHllH KypCa .ny6JIllpOllaHHe M8TepHaJIa rpa)I()J:aHCKOrO npaBa, KOH-
L1eHTpllpYJI BHllMaHHe CT)'AeHTOB H8 BOnpocax. CQCTaBJHIIOll{HX c06-
CTBeHHOe npe.rweTHOe COAepiK8HHe KOMMep'leCKOrO npaBa.
MeCTo HaCTOSlll.(ero Kypca B !JJYH.n8MeHTaJIbHOH nOJJ,rOTOBKe Bbmyc-
KHllKQB OnpeAeJllIeTai He06xO)J,HMOCTblQ 3ffi1Hll.ll WllpOKoro Kpyra Bon-
pOCOB, KacaJOll.lIiXDI3aKOHQJ:I.aIeIIbHOrO peryrutpoB3HJUI roproBOra npe;:J;-
npl1HHM8Te11bCTBa, cnoco6oB npaBOIIOro nOBeJJ,eHl1Jl Y'laCTHllKOB pbIHO'-l-
HblX OTHoweHll , IOPIf):\WIOCKllX acneKTQB p33BlITltlI TQBapl10ro pblHKa.
BblCOKa.ll 8KryaJlbHOCTb AaHHO npo6JIeM8THKH. CB.II3b C Hacyll\HblMH
38.1la'l8Mll H8UHOHaJIbHOH 3KOHOMI.JKI1 onpe)l;eJlJUOT 3Ha'lllMOCTb I.J pOJIb
KOMMep'leCKoro npaBa B n IJOHaJIbHOH nO.LJ.rOTOBKe IOPHCTQB, llH-
repec CT)'AeHTOB K era ll3Y'leHHIO.
3Ha'lI.JTenbHbIH 06heM nO)J,Jle>Kall.\ero OCBoeHlllO M8TepMaJIa. npHMe-
HHMOCTb 3H8HJrn KQMMep4eCKorQ npaBa B p33JIH'lHblX 06JI8CT.IIX npaK-
TH'leCKOH ,lI,e.llTeJlbHOCTH IOpllCTOB 06YCJIOBnllBaeT He06xOJ],UMOCTb 8K-
THBHOH pa60ThI no OCBoeHHlO COJJ,ep)KaHWI KypC8. 0T 06y'l8lOll.(I1XCSI
-.pe6}'1OTai OB.na)J,eHJJe OCHOBHblMH KOHL{eI1T)'aJlbHbIMll nonmKeHll.llMll,
OCBoeHlle 3H8'lHTeJIbHOrO MaCCllBa 3aKOHOB II llHblX HOpM8THBHbIX npa-
BOBblX 8KTOB, KOHLleHTpHpOBaHHoro L1eHHOrO npaBOBoro onblTa II Bbl-
pa60TKa OnpeAerrellliblX ffilBblKOB npHMeHeHWI npaBOBoro HHCTpYMeH-
TI1PHR B c!JJepe roprOBOro npe)J,npHHHMaTeJIbCTBa.
2. Q))lepJKalBle lIIICIUIIlIIIIIIbI
Pa$IeJI I. 06l1\11e nO O)l{eHHH
TeMa 1. Kor.tMepqecKoe npaBO KaK )"Ie6mUl ,nuCqHIlJIHHa
I. KOMMep'lecKoe npaBo -O)J,HH H3 p33)J,enOB npaBOBe)J,eHll.ll. Y'Ie6-
H8.II.LIHCLlHruIHHa B CHCTeMe !JJYH,L\8MeHTaJlbHO no.r:r.rarOBKH lOpHAW-Iec-
KHX Ka.r:IpOB. nOHJITHe Y'Ie6HOH AHClUfruJHHbI. OTJIH'IH.II yqe6HbIX AI1C-
L1HnJIllH OT OTpacne uayKH H llX B38HMOCB ]b.
2. npaBoBoe perynHpoB8HJle KOMMep'leCKO , T. e. roproBOH, npe.II-
npnHllM8Te.rrbCKO AeHTeJIbHOCTH - npeAMeT IHY'leHH.II ,lI,JJCLlHnJIHHbI
KOMMep'leCKoro npaBa. nOH.IITHe H cylUHOCTb KOMMepiutH K8K BH)J,a
npe.rl.fIplllillM8TeJlbCKOH .LIe.llTeJlbHOCTH, CB.II3aHHOH C CllCTeMaJ1.I'IeCKHM
nOJIyqeHlleM npll6blJIH B pe3yJlbTaTe TOproBblX OnepaIJ.liH C TOBapaMll.
3. HCTOpWi KOMMep'iCCKoro (roproooro) npaBa II myqeHWI AHCLlHn-
nllHbI roproBoro npaBa B POCCllH. IlpW.J:llHbI B03JX»K.1lemUl poccHilcKO-
326
KOMMejJ'JecKoe npaBO POCCHH
ro KOMMep':leCKoro npaBa B COBpeMeHHblX YCJ10BIUIX, aKT)'arrbHOCTb,lJ,HC-
I..{HIUIllHbl KOMMep'IeCKoro npaBa B Cml3H C 4>opMHpoBaHlleM pbIHO'lHbIX
OlHorneHHH B CIpaHe, pa3BlfTJfeM HaUI10HaJIbHOrO pblHK8 H paCUHfpe-
HHeM roprOBblx CBKjeU C JJ.PYnIMll clpaHaMll.
4. B3al1MOCBJBb II pa:n]J3HJIIleHlle COAq:»K3HIDI ):lI1Cl.{I1IInllH KOMMep-
qeCKoro npaBa H rpa)f('){aHCKoro npaBa. 83aHMOCBj]3b J],llCL(JffUJllHbl KOM-
Mep<IecKOro npaBa co CMe)](HbIMI1 ynpaBJIeH'IeCKHMll H 3KOHOMll'leCKll-
Mll JUiCl.{llJIillJHaMll: MeHe):pKMeJITOM, 3KOHOMJlKOM npe.n.np.nrnm. KOM-
Mep'lecKO norl1cTHKoii H APyrI1MH.
5. COLIepJKaHHe H nOCTpOeHlle Kypca KOMllrep<recKoro npaBa. 3a.n:a-
':Ill ):{HCl.\IUUIllHbl B nOArOTOBKe KBaTllIclJHl.1llpOBaHHhlx cneUHaJIllCTOB no
ynpaBJIeHllJO" JOpJ.U1H'IeCKOMY o6cnyJKIIBaHlllO roproBoro npe.n;npHHH-
MarenbClW.
TeMa 2. h.uMMepolecKoe npaBO - 01))aCJlb
qacmoro npasa
I. ToproBblH aGopoT II llMYllIeCTBCHHbIC OTHornCHIDI rpa)l(ll,aHCKOrO
npaBa, B3allMOCB 3b npaooBOro peryJIHpoBaHlul KOMMep'IeCKOH,lI,emeJJb-
HOCTH C 0611tI1MIl Ha<IaJIaMIl rpa)l(ll,aHCKOrO 3aKOHon.aTenbCTBa.
2. OCHoBaHruI BbUJ;eJleHWI KOMMep'leCKOrO npaBa B KalLleCTBe no.n;o-
TpaCJ1ll rpIDlQ),aHCKOrO npaBa. I1cTopll'IecKHH npouecc OTHOCllTeJlbHOrO
o60c06neHIDI npaBoBoro perYJIHpOBaHIDI o6merpalKlIaHcKHx II Topro-
Bo-npelInpHHltM8TenbCKllX OTHOWeHltH: ero IIpI1'IltHbI, npO.!l.BneHll.ll II
TeH,DeHl..(Hlt. Cnel!HaJIll3aUIDI ToproBoro npaBa B CIiCTeMe 'IacTHoro npa-
Ba. npo6neM8 <<:lIyaJImM8» rpa)f()]aHCKOrO H roproBoro npaBa.
3. <DyIoo.ufll KOMMepqecKoro npaBa. 06ll1lte 4JyHKUltll c npaBoM B
l.{enOM H OlpaCJIeBblMll WHKUlt.llMH rproK.LlaHcKoro npaBa. CneUHaJIbHble
4>YI'lKUltll KOMMepqecKoro npaBa
4. IOpll.1llt'IecKltH HHcTpyMeHTapMii KOMMep'IeCKoro npaBa. 06pa-
30BaHlte caMOCTO.!l.TeJlbHblX npltHl.\IInOB II IlliCTIfI)'TOB KOMMep'leCKOrO
npaBa. nO lmeHlte cneUHaJIbHblX 'IepT Y C()()"IECTCTBYIOll.\ltX llHCTlf"ry-
TOB rpalKlIaHCKoro npaBa, llX (,KOMMepl.\IJaJIJ13aU.IDI» nOlI BJIIDIHlteM no-
Tpe6HOCTeH peryJIllpClBaHlI.II TOproBOH ,lI,eHTeJIbHOCTII.
5.l303J:r.eHCTBDe ny6nH'IHO-npaBOBbIX YCTaOOBJIeHllH Ha KOMMep'IeC-
KYIO lIe.!l.TeJlbHOCTb. lJ.eJTI1 II OCHOBHble cnOC06bl TaKoro BOl,lI;eiicTBll.ll.
06ecne'IeHlle B'38IfMOCBSI3H TOproBOro npeJ.lflpHHlJMaTeJIbCTBa C ny6JTlf'-l-
Ho-npaBOBblMI1 YCTaHOBJIeHIDIMll.
2. CUJ],eJJ)KafIHl'lIHCUHnnHHbl
327
TeMa 3. Toproooe 38K1)1IQlIIITeJIhC11
I. nOHSJTHe ToprOBoro 3aKOHO,D,aTeJlbCTBa. KOHCTI1l)'UHSI POCCHHC-
KOH t1JeJ:IepalIIlll - o6IUa51 npaBOBa5I OCHOBa ToproBoro 3aKOHO,D,aTeJ1b-
CTBa. KOMncreHlUiSi POCCllHCKOH 4Je,!{epalum H cyfu.eKTOB POCCllHCKOH
elIepaUllH no npaBOBOM)' perynllpOBaHlllO ToproBOH LIe TenbHOCTH.
2. CTpYKTYpa II COCTaB ToproBoro 3aKOHO.D,aTeJlbCTBa. rpa)!{,i{aHCKHH
Ko,!{eKC Pet> KaK llCTO"IHllK TOproBoro npaBa. 3aKoHbi POCCllHCKOH elIe-
P8wtlf, YKa3bl npe3ll.D:ema POCCllHCKOH e)1ep8lU1H, nOCTaHOBneHH
npaBmeJIbCTB8 POCCHHCKOH t1Je,lI,CpaWIll B OGJIaCTH TOprOBoro npaBa.
HopMaTllBHbJe npaBoBble 8KTbll}JeLJ;epanbHblx opraHoB llCl10J1HHTeJlbHOH
BJIaCTH no BonpocaM KOMMepqeCKoH.u.e TeJ1bHoCTH. 06bl'ffiH ToproBO-
ro 06opOTa II LIeJlOBble 06blKHoBeHlUI B TOprOBJIe.
3. OrpacJ1eBble OC(){)eHHOCTH ToproBoro 3aKOHO.D,aTeJlbCTBa. COOT-
HorneHHe llMnepaTHBHbIX, LIHcn03llTHBHblx,lIoroBopHo-OTCbUIOQHI.IX II
.Q03BOJlIITenbHblX YCTaHOBneHll B ToproBoM 3aKOHO.D,aTenI.CTBe. Tllno-
Bble, npllMepHble (peKOMeHJ{aTellI.Hble) II MeTOlIHQeCKlle HopMaTHBHbie
8KTbI, llX npaooBOe 3Ha'leHlle. Ponb llHllUH8THBbI II YCMcnpeHlUI nHLl B
C03lIaHHll II OC}IlUeCTBneHllH cy6"beKTHBHhlX npaB, llCl1onb30BaHHll He-
HopMaTHBHblX npaBoBblx CpelIcTB B c4Jepe ToproBo LIeJITeJIbHOCTH.
4. Me H8pO.AHble, Me)](focy,ll,apCTBeHHble II MeiKIlpaBlrreJIbCTBeH-
Hble cornarneHiUl no BonpocaM TOprOBJIll KaK llCTO"lHllKll KOMMep"lec-
Koro npaBa. BeHCKaH KOHBeHLllUl. OOH 0 LIoroBopax Me H8po,!:\HoH
KYIIJ1ll-npOlIaiKH TOBapOB 1980 r..lIpyrHe aKTbI MeiKlI)'HapOLIHoro TOp-
rOBoro npaBa; llX ponI. B perynllpooaHHllll BHernHeToproBoH lIeHTeJlb-
HOCTH II BHyrpeHHero ToproBoro oGopoTa.
5. npoLlecc rapMOHllJaUllll pOCcHHcKoro II 3apyGeiKHoro ToprOBoro
3aKOHo,!{aTeJ1bCTBa. OCHoBHble HanpaBJ1eHH II cnoco6bl 06eCne"leHH
TaKOH rapMOHH3aUHll: Y'IaCTHe B MeiKlIYHapOLIHblX opraHH3aUH x no
BonpocaM TOproBJIn. 3aK.fIIO':IeHHe MeiKlI)'Hapo)),HblX JIOrOOOpOB, npH3Ha-
HHe npaBOBhlX aKTOB MeiKlI)'HapOlIHorO ToproBoro npaBa, llcn0J1b30Ba-
Hlie OGbI"laCB Me HapO.1J.HOrO TOproBoro 060POT8 II lIPynIe.
6. nepCneKTHBbl KOLIlii!JHKauMH ToprOBoro 3aKOHOlUlTeJ1bCTBa Poc-
CllM. YlfeT 3apy6eiKHoro II .u.opeBOJlIOLlHOHHOro poccllHCKoro onbITa
K0.IU1«lJHK8IlHH TOproBoro 3aKOHOlIaTeJlbCTBa. 3KJIeKTI13M 3ana"JJ,HblX TOp-
rOBblX KO)1eKCOB, ero I1pH'iHHbl. B03MOiKHWI. CTpyKTypa pOCcll CKoro
roproBoro KO)J,eKca.
328
KOMMejJ'JecKoe npaBO POCCHH
TeM" 4. 3a.aa'H H _e HayKII
KOMMeJI"IfCKOro npaua
I. KOMMeplfeCKoe "paBO KaK C8MOCTOJ'iTeJJbHoe H8npaBneHlle npa-
BOBO H8YKll. TeOpefH'leCKOe pellICHlle npo6neM np8ROBoro pef)'I1llpO-
HaHIUI. KOMMeplfeCKOll ,l:\eMTenbHOCTll - ctj)epa HaYKlf KOMMep'leCKOrO
npaBa. Y'IeT (1 HCn0J1b30B8HHe KOMMep'leCKHM npaBOM nOJlO)!{eHlI 06-
llleif TeopHll npaBa II HaYKH IpIDK.LIaHCKOro npaBa.
2. Pam. HayqHblx HCCJIeAOBaHH B pB3pa6oTh-e YH.i:\aMeHTarrbHblX
npo6neM II nepCneKI11BHb1X HanpaBJIeHHH KOMMep<lecKOro npaBa II Hayq-
HO-MeTO.D.JI<IeCKOM o6ecneQeHHH Toproooro npe,n,npHHllM8TeJlbCTBa. Oc-
HOBHMe 3a.r:ta<m HaYKH KOMMepqeCKoro opasa B COBpeMeHHbIX ycnoBJUIX.
3. Cnoc06bl BHelIpeHllJl ,lI,OCTIrA<eHHH HaYKH KOMMep'leCKOrO opaBa
B npaKTfllC)'. Pa3pa6OTKa npe.[{JIoJKeHl1 0 npHHJlTliH II COBeprneHCTBO-
BaR"" 38KOHOB II HHblX HOpM8TI1BHbiX npaBOBbIX 8KTOB 0 TOprOBJIe.
nO.LJ;rOTOBK8 MeTOllWJeCKHX peKOMeHlIaUnJi no npaB08blM BonpoC8M,lI,JJ
TOproBblX npc.rr.npllHlIM8TeJIciJ II lOplf)lHLlecKlfX cnY)l(6 II KOMMep'ieCfGlX
OpraHll38LtIDIX. APyrHe cnoco6bl InaHMO,lJ,eHCTBIDI Ha)'KH KOMMep'ieC-
KOro npaBa II npaKTllKH.
P en II. 06II111e nonOJKeHIDI KOMMepqecKOOJ npaBa
TeM3 5. Y'IaCTHHKH KOMMep'leCKOH neJITeJIbHOCTH
I. BJUlhI cyfu.eKroB KOMMep"leCKoro npaBa. Y'lacrne npe.rr.npHHRMa-
renbCKHX OPrnHW3aL\llH B TOBapHOM 06pamcHlfll. nOpNJ.OK II YCJIOBIDI
Y'l8CTH HH)JHBtI.LIYaJTbHbTX npel1npHHHMan JleH B KOMMep'leCKOH lIe -
TeJlbHOCTH. Oco6eHHOCTH YIJ8CTIDI HeKOMMep..eCKHX opraHll3auHH B
COBeprneHlfll ToprOBbTX onepauHH.
2. OCHOBamtl! Bbl60pa opraHllJalllloHHo-npaBOBoH I}JOpMbl opraHll-
3aJ.!I1H. }"IaCTBYlOIlUix B KOMMep'leCKOH ;l;eHreJIbHOCTH: creneHb BJIml-
HID! yqpelIlI..-ene Ha paCnOp.!liKeHlle llMYll\eCTBOM OpraHllJallllll, HaJUf-
..lle HaJlOrOBblX J1brOT II npeHMyweCTB, B03MO>KHOCTH nOBbiweHIDI npo-
1I'JBCi):UrreJ1bHOCTH TpY,ll,a II CTeneHH 1I0XOlIHOCTH, COKpaWeHHe "IpaHcaK-
LlHOHHblX ll3JJ.q»KeK II ,D,pyrHe.
3. CneUHaJIJI3aIUUI cyfu.eKroB KOMMep'leCKorO npaBa. BH.IU>I cy6DeK-
TOB, 3aHHMalOmHXC.!I nOK)'l1Koi1 II nOCJIe.LIYlOme nepenJXI,ll,3)KeJ1 TOBa-
pOB: J],lIJIephl, ToprOBble ,lI,OMa, "Ipeii,1J;epbl. llHC1p1l6b1OTopbl II A})yrHe.
2. CUJI,e}J)KafIIR'lIHCUHnnHHbl
329
Cy6neKTbl, CO)),eHCTBYlOlllHe npoD.BImreHHIO TOBapOB 6e3 npll06peTeHWI
npasa co6crneHHOCTH H8 TOBapbl: 6pOKepbl, ToprOBble areHTCTBa H areH-
Tbl II .D.Pyme. flpaBOBoe 3aKpelUleHHe I}JYHKlJ,HOHWlbHOiJ cnelll18.JIH38l!HIf
yqaCTHllKOB KOMMelNecKoiJ ,lI,eJITeJlbHOCTH.
4. Cnelll13.J]ll3llpOBaHHble BH.LIbI HeKoMMep<1ecKItX opraHH38UHH, co-
,lI,ciiCTBYIOI.1IItX ocytlleCTB.IleHlllO phlHOI.JHbIX OTHOllJeHllH: omOBhle fip-
M8pKH, TOBapHble 6HPiKH, onTOBble npo)J;oBonbCTBeHHble pblHKH II ):\py-
rHe. J1x IOpl1)J;l1'-IecKIDI C)'llUIOCTb, OCHOBHble 3a)],8'11t H nop5IJIOK J1eJITenb-
HOCTI1.
5. Y'l8CTHe H8UHOHWlbHo-rOCY,ll,apCTBeHHblX H i:I.11MllHllCYpaTHBHO-
TepplITopHanbHblX 06pa30BaHnM B TOBapHOM 06pali.\eHHll. POJIb opraHOB
llCnOJIHIITeJIbHOH BJl8CTH II MeCTHoro caMoynpaBJleHIDJ B pa3BHTHll Tep-
plITOpllaTIbHblX TOB8pHbIX pblHKOB H MeiKperHOHWlbHblX ToprOBblx CB -
3eiJ.
6. Y..8cTHe llHOC1paHHbIX opraHH3aW1 , llX npe,ll,cramrrerJbCTB BO
BH)'TpeHHeM ToproBOM 06opOTe.
TeMa 6. 06'beKTbI TOproSOro 06opoTa H cnoc06bl
""-
1 llOlUl.Tl1e o61.eKTOB ToprOBoro 06opoTa. TOBap KaK JJ.BlflKIlMOe
llM)'llJ,eCTBO, llMelOli.\Ce nOTpe6llTCJlbcKYlO II MCHOBYIO CTOllMOCTb II He
If.JMITOe ll3 06JXU1.1.eHlUl, - OCHOBHOll 061>eKT OTHOllJeHH KOMMep4ec-
KOro npaBa.
2. KrracClll}»:fIOllU1ll B OB TOB8POB, llX pOJIb B TOBapHo Cnelll13.J]ll-
38UIlll KOMMep4eCKIJX opnu-o:nallH , BHellpeHllH 8BT0M8Tl13llpOBaHHblX
CHCTeM nQHCK8 II Y'IeTa TOBapoB, YCKopeHHll TOprQBblX onepaUllH. To-
Bapbl nOTpe6llTenbcKoro II npolfjOO):\CTBeHHoro H83H8..eHIDJ, KpIDKo-
cp04Horo II JI.JIHTenbHoro nonb30BaHllH. TOBapHbie rpynnu 06I1lepoc-
CHllCKH KJl8CCllI}JllK8TOp 1lJX>,lI,)'KUlIll 1998 r. TOBapH8H HOMeHlilla"I)'pa
BHewHe:JKoHOMll'leCKOll J1e TeJlbHOCTH 1996 r.
3. TOBapHbrn 3HaK, 3HaK 06crrymIB8IUUI - llX Ha3H8'1eHHe, BllJI.bI,
nop lIOK perHCTpaUJIH. CBlf,LJ;eTeJlbCTBO H8 TOBapHbl 3H8K II 3H8K 06-
Cll)')KHBaHll . KOJIneKTHBHblll 3HaK. HCnOJlb30BaHHe H nepe;:J;a..a TOBap-
Horo 3HaKa II 3HaKa o6c.rrymIB8HJDI. C)'WHOCTb II npHMeHeHlliI 6p:JH.IJ:8
H TOprOBOll MapKH.
4. HaHMcHoBaHlle MeCTa npOllCXO»\D:eHWI TOBap8, ero penlcTpaJ.J.IDI
H npaBo nOJTb30BaHll HM. YKa38HHe opnUUI38W1H, InroToBHBweit TO-
Bap, 3H8<:ieHHe It cnoco6br KOHKpeTIf38lUill3THX ,l:\aHHblX.
330
KOMMep1.JecKoe npaBO POCCHH
5. 3allJ.l1Ta npaB U JaKOHHblX llHTepecoB }"IacTHllKOB ToproBoro 060-
perra H3 TOBapHblM:3HaK. 3HaK 06cn)0Kl1BaHillI, HaHMeHOBaHl1e MecTa npo-
llCXO)KJJ;emtll TOBapa.
6. MapKHpoBl<a TOBapoB H Taphl: npaBOBoe peryJlllpOBaHHe. Ha3H8-
IjeHlle COJlep>KaHillI II nOp}l):lOK HaHecemUi. 06JJ3aTeJ1bHOCTb Cnelll13.J]b-
HOM MapKlIpoBKH TOBapOB):{JUI lIeneH cep11111>MKaL\l1H COOIBeTCTBIm H H8-
nor0061I0iKeHll.II (aKUI13Hble MapKH). Ornerc-rneHHOCTb 38 HenpaBOMep-
H)W peanU3aLlJnO TOBapOB 6e3 cneItJfaJIbHOH MapKHpOBKH.
TeMa 7. PerynupoBaHHe o6parn.eHIUI OTAeJlbHbIX 811)I,08
TOBapoB
I. fOcy,ll,apcTBeHHOe peryJ1llpOBaHHe TOproBblX onepaLlllll C OT,lI,eJlb-
HhlMH BHJ1aMH TOBapoB. lJ,eJut peryJIHpOBaHHH: 3aUJ;liTa HallHOH8JlbHOH
3KOHOMHKH, IIIITepeCM 6e3onacHOCTII. oxpaH8 31I0pOBbH HaCeJIeHHH, 3KQ-
JIOrHyecKue Tpe6013aHHJI II lIPyme. OCRoBHble cnocofu,1 rOCY,lI,apCTBeH-
HOro peryJHipOBa""Jl 06paUleHll TOBapOB.
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3. OrnoBHble LleJTH, onpe.1IeJ1J1lOurne co.n.eplKaHlle lIOI'OBopa omoBoi1
KynnH-npO)l,aIKH: 8) 06ecne'-leHHe p"TM"YHoro H 6ecnepe6oHHoro no-
CT)'TIJIeHHR TOBapOB B p03HHLJ:H)'IO CeTb; 6) 06CCnCqCHlle c-rpYKTYPbl8C-
copTHMeHTa TOBapOB, M8KCllM8JlbHO YlIOBJIeTBOpSilOll\eH llHTepeCbT no-
K)'IIaTeIleH; nOCTO HHoe 06HoBJIeHlle II ynyqllleHlle accoprHMeHTa C}"Ie-
TOM ll3MeHHIOU.\HXCH mrrpe6HOCTeii nOKynaTe.rre ; B) nocrynneHHe TO-
BapOB BblCOKOro Ka'leCTBa, 6e30n8CHbIX,lI)llI )I((13Hll II 3)10pOBbH H8cene-
HID! ll.lI.JlR OKpYlKalOrneiJ cpe)J.bl; r) nocryIUJeHlle TOBapOB B ynaKoBKe II
pac<}JaCOBKe, YlI06HbIX .lI.JlR nOJTb30BaHIDI II xpaHeHll ; LI) 06ecneqeHlle
nOJTHOThI HHtlJopMaI.\llH,lI,JIJI nOE(yn8Ten 0 xapaKTepllcTHKax TOBapa, no-
pMKe nonb30BaHI-UI (ynoTpe6J1emUI) II XpaHeHHH, rapalITHHHbIX CpoKax,
cpOKe rO)IHOCTH H lIpyrHx; e) 06eCne'leHlle,ll,JIH nOKynaTeJUI B03MOiKHO-
CTH 38MeHbl roeapa. ero rapaHI'llUHoro peMOHTa II CepBllCHOro o6cJJy-
336
KOMMep1.JecKoe npaBO POCCHH
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nll-npo,lJ,IDKH.
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rOBopa nOCTaBKlf)],JIM peaJIll3au"" TOBapOB B l.\eIDIX npo4>eccHOHallbHO-
ro llCnonb30BaHlUIllJIll npeJlnpllHllMaTeJlbCTBa. B03MOiKHOCTII .llOrOBO-
pa nOCTaBKIt B ,lI,eJle opraHll38UI1ll M eJ1.{OHaJ[bHhlX H Me&"UIp3cne-
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,lI,onrocpoI.JHbIX ,lI,orOBopOB nOCTaBKlf B perneHllll 3<llI81f AonrOBpeMeH-
Horo npOll3BOJICTBeHHoro H ToprOBoro COTpY,lI,HUqecrna.
5. OCHOBaHll Bb!.LleJleHH5I B Ka'leCTBe C8MOCT05lTeJlbHoro BH.D,a ,lI,0-
rOBopa KOHTpaKTaU"" ceJIbCKOX03 i1cTBeHHOH np01I)'KLtHH (ce30HHb1H
xapaKTep npoll3I!OJ1CTBa. 3aBllCitMOCTb OT KJIHM8Ta II Jlpyrllx BHeWHllX
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3aHHhiX 4>aI<TOpOB Ha CO.ll.ep»camte 1l0T'OBOpa KompaKTaUHH CeJlbXOmpo-
JJYKI..LHll. nopMoK llcnOJIHeHlUI .noroBopa II YCJlOBIDI OTBeTCTIIeHHOCTH
X03.!1iJ:cTB.
TeMa 14. CTpytcrypa )J,OroOOpHhIX CBJl3eii
I. nOlUlTHe <"1pYKTYpbl ,l:\OrOBOpHblX CB .:IeH. Bll)lbl crpyKTYP Aoro-
BOpHblX CB}]3ei1. np$l.Mble ,ll,OrOBOpHble CB$l.311 H CB$l.311 C Y'lacmeM onTO-
BbiX " llHblX nOCpe.IJ.HlllfeCKHX opraHll3allHH. CKJU\L\CKaJI. H -rpaH3HTlUUI
noc-ramca npll y<ffiCTllll nocpeAHlllfecKllX 3BeHbeB.
2. Bbl60p cy6'beKTaMH crpYKTYpbl ,lI,OroBOpHblX CB$l.3eii <1IaKTOpbl,
nO)],JIe>KallUIe Ylfely II.JrO"IOBlHeJIeM npll Bbl60pe cIpYKTYPbl CB$l.3eH nO
peanH3al\llH npOlI3BeJ\eHHblx TOBapoB. KpHTepl1ll Bbroopa nOIpe6HTe-
neM CIpYKTYpbl cmr3eii no 3aKynKe TOBapa. OCHOBaHlliI II nOp$l.;:J;OK llC-
KJ11Q'-IeHllJl ll3JIHrnHHX nocpeAHlilfocKUX 3BeHbeB ll3 L1enll npOJJ;BlflKeHHJI
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pac4JacoBKH H ynaKOBKH, OTnYCKa TOBapa MenKHMH napnlJlMH II lIpy-
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2. COJI,e}J)KafllR'lIHCUHnJ]HHbl
337
5. CtpYKTYpa OTHollleHlli1 no nOCTaBKe TOB8pOB MH rocY.lI.8pCTBeH-
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K IIOCT8BlllHK8M, 38KJIIO'IeHl1e H8 OCHOB8Hllll T8KHX WU!ellleHHM Aoro-
BO}X)B 1lte')K.[{)' nOCTaBlI1UK3M1f II nOK)'nare.rrm.m Ha nOCTaBK)'TOBapOB JL/HI
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B AOroBOp8X K)'IIJ1H-npO.L\a}KH, 3aKJIIOqaeMblX MeJKJJY 113IUfOBHTenHMH
(nOCTaBll{lfK8MH) H npll06pe-rarelI'iMll TOBapOB. HaXOlUllllHMHCH B COOT-
BeTCTB}'lOll.lIIX pemoH3x.
TeMa 15. npHMeHeHHe AOI'OBOpa.ll,Jlll YJJy1IIUewm
3CCOpTltMflIT3 H K3lJ.ecrua TOB3poB
I. nOIDITIle accoprnMeHT8 TOBapoB. YKpynHeHHbI H p33BepHyrbl
accopn1MeHT. OnpeAeneHlle nOK)'naTeJleM He06xo)])1MOro accq:rfllMeHTa
TOB8pOB II npaBOBl>le B03MffiKHocnf Bm.lI.eUcmWl. H8 npo JJ)UI y.nOB-
JIernOpeHIDI Tpe60BmillM 06 accopTHMeHIC. .[{orooopHble cneLU14>HI\dIlIlli.
llX COCT8MeHlle, nop ,!!,OK BbICb1J1KIi, yperyJIllpOB8HHe pa3HOrJIaCliit.
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.lI.8L1ll pacuIHpeHllH H 06HOBneHJUI accopTHMeHTa OTe'lecTBeHHbIX TOBa-
pOB. YCTaHOBJIeHlle B .L\oroBope nOpHAKa COrnaCOB8HIDI 8CcopTHMeHTa
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TOM 38npOCOB nOK)'naTeJ1e .
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nepcneK'fliBY 06H3aHHOCTII H3roToBHTeJ1H no OCBoeHl1lO npOll3BOACTBa
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neHHH B AoroBope Ha'I8JIbHOro cpoKa nOCTaBKH HOBblX TOB8pOB. llX xa-
paJaepllcTHK II KOnll'leCTBa (npoueHTHoro cOOTHOrneHJ.UI).
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Bapa. Cnoco6bl KOHKpeTH3aWlll B ,lI,OrOBopax Ka'lecTBeHHbIX xapaKTe-
fJlfCTIIK TOBapa. npllBH3Ka B AorOBopax YCJ10BllH 0 Ka'leCTBe K CT8H.L1ap-
TaM. npO;:J;8)](a TOBapOB no cornaCOBaHHblM 06pa3U8M, onpe.L\eJ1eHlle B
,lI,oroBope Hoo6xOAlIMbIX xap8lrrepHCTHK 06pa3Qa II nOpH,1U{8 ero xpaHe-
Hill!_
338
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nO cTaIUl8pTl13al\IUI, o6 3aTeJIbHble Tpe60BaHHM CT3H)::{8pTOB. Cnoc06bJ
06eCne<leHlliI. B3allMOCB;II311 ):\oroBopa II cT apToB npll onpe,QeneHllH
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6nlO.lI.eHlUI peKoMelJ./Q'eMbiX Tpe60BaHHH cTaIUWpTOB. Onpe.ll.e.rremie B
,lI,oroBope ycnoBIiH 0 npHMeHemU{ «cryneH'mTIdX)) CTaHlI3pTOB, ycr:nrnB-
nHB8lO1l\lfX HeCKonbKO pa3nll'lHblX ypOlJHe Tpe60BaHll K KaqecTBY H3
nepcneKTHBY.
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CTBa TOBapOB. He05xo.11lfMOCTb KOHKpe'fHoro onpeJJ;eJIeHlUI B ,lI,orOBOpe
KaTeropll , MapoK, COpTOR TOBapa, ,lI,py"1X nO"rpe6llTeJlbCKHX xapaKTe-
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HOBJIeI-me B JJ,orOBope 60nce BblCOKHX no CpaBHeHllfO co CTaHJ18pTOM
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OnpellelleHllJl Ha nepcneKTHBY 06 3aHHOCTH IIOCTIIBKI'.I TOBapOB C ,1:\00011-
mrreJIbHblMlf -rpe6oB8HrulMll K Ka'leCTBY, GOJIee BblCOKoro ypOBIDI Ka-
':IeCTBa.
7. CepTlfllmKal\lliI TUBapuB, ee npaBoBoe perY1lJ1pOBaHlle. BI1,IT.bI cep-
TH4>HKaUHH. nOp ,!I,OK npOBe,!l,eHrui cepTH4>uK8IUIll TOBapOB, B TOM I:1llC-
Jle llMllopmpyeMblx.lJ,OK)'MeHThI, yJI.OCTOBepjilOllIHe npOX<»KJI,eHlle cep-
TH4>m<aUHH. npnMeHeHlle 3HaKa COOTBeTCTBrui. OfBeremellliOCTb 113-
rOTOBllTeneH H npo.r:taBl\OIl B CBji3ll C CepTH4>"K3.UHe TOllapa.
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3Ha4eHHe onpe,QeneHllji B J:\orOBopax 3THX CpOKOB, o6OJHa4eHlle llX II
M8pKHpOBKe llJIH conpoBQJ:I,l1TeJlbHO AOKYMeHTaLll1ll K TOBapy. I1cnonb-
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TH yKa:3aHHb1X CpoKOB.
9. Blt.Llhl II co le ..'I:OK}'MeHT()l3. YJ:\OCTOBef»IIOIl\I1X KaLleCTBO TO-
lIapa. nOpji'!!'OK npe,QOC13RIIeHlUI npo,!!,aBUOM ,lI,OK)'MeHTOII 0 KaLleCTBe H
CepTH4>HKalllUI TOBapa. YKa3aHlle II MapKlipOIlKe llJlH J:\OKYMeHTax OC-
HOBHblX xapm..-repPCTIlK TOBapa, nopji)],Ka nOJlb30BaHllji (ynOTpeOOeHllji)
II xpaHeHrui.
TeMa 16. Mecro H cpOKH HcnOJlHeHHH AOI'OBOpa
Ha peaJIH33IUf1O TOB3pa
I. Onpe.neTIelme II 3aKOHe II lIorOllope MecTa llCllOJIHeHlrn o&rnne.nb-
CTBa no nepe,QaLle TOBapa. Oc06eHHOCTII onpe,QeJIeHHji MeCTa HCllOJlHe-
HID! ,lI,orooopa KOmpaKTBI.(IfJI cem.xompOJJYKU;lUI. 06cromem.cma. nOk
2. CUJI,e}J)KafIIR'lIHCUHnnHHbl
339
JIe>Kall{lle yqeTY npH OnpeneJleHlfH MeCTa HCnOJlHeHlliI. 06 JaTeJIbCTBa.
npHMeHeHHe npaBllJI I1HKOTEPMC npll Onpe,neneHHll MeCTa llCnOJI-
HemUI 06 3aTenbCTBa BO BHeUIHeTOprOBblX AorOBopaX H BH)'TpeHHeM
o60poTe.
2. Onpe1:1erreHlle B ):\oroBope yCJIOBH 0 cpOKe onpy3KH (nepe,QaIm)
TOBapa. 061l\He H 'IaCTHble cpoKIl 01Tp)'3KH TOBapa. 3KOHoMWlecKHe,
npOIf3BO,lI,CTBeHHble H llHble tlJaKTOpbl, noWle>K3111l1e yqery npH ycraHOB-
neHHll B ,lI,01OBOpe CpOKOB OTfpy3KH. Cnoc06b1 onpe,QeneHlliI. B ,lI,01OBO-
pe YCJIOBID1 0 cpoKax OTrpY3KH TOBapa.
3. YCTaHOBJIeHlle B ,noroBope rpa4>llKoB OTrp)'3KJf TOBapa. Cnoco6LI
onpe)),eJTeHllJl rpa$HKoB: KaJleH,QapHble pacnHcaHIffi. HHTepBaJlbl MeJKJJY
oTrpy3KaMll. 'IaCOBble. MHH)'THbie rpal}JHKH. CooTHollIeHHe YCJ10BHH 0
cpoKax nOCTaBKH II rpa4>llKoB OTrpy3KH.
4. OnpeAeJIeHHe B ,lI,01OBOpepa3MepOB O,QHOBpeMeHHo oTrpyiKaeMblX
napTHH TOBapa, IffiCTOTbi (pHTMH'lHOCTll) OTrpY3KH. YCTaHOBJIeHHe cpo-
KOB OTrp 11 C yqeTOM ce30HHoro xapal>.Tepa npomBo,QCTBa llJIH llcnOJIb-
30BaHll TOBapa. IlpOAOJDKHTeIlbHOCTII H8BlITaLlHOHHoro nepHOAa II HHbIX
o6cTillJ.renbcTB.
5. COm8COB!unre CTOpOH8MH B03MO>KHOCTH II nop )J,I<a JJ:ocpoI.JHoii
OTIl'Y3KH Toaapa. 06 3aHHOCTb BocnonHeHH IlpOA8BLlOM He OTrpyiKeH-
Horo B CpOK KOIlll'leCTBa TOBapa, accopTHMeHT BOCnOJIHeHll.Il. OrKa3 no-
KynaTeJUI OT"IOaapa. I1OCT3BK.:1. KOToporo npocpo'leH8
6. YCT8HOBJIeHHe CTOpOH8MH B AOrDBOpe MOMeHT8 (MeCTa) nepexo-
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npH onpe;:J;eJleHllH YKa3aHHblX YCJ10BHH. Pe3epBllpoBaHHe npo,QaBuoM
npaBa H8 TOBap.
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I. Onpe)),eJ1eHlle B AoroBope 06J138HHocTeH CTOPOH no ,nOCTaBKe
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'IpaHcnOpTa II HcnonbJ}'eMbr{ nepeB030'lHblX cpenCTB. Y'ler npH Bbroo-
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rpyiKaeMbIX nap-mH TOaapa. OnpeneJIeHlfe BCJ3MO>KHOCTH 3aMeHbJ O,QHOro
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2. YCTaHOBJIeHlle B ,lI,OrOBOpe YCJ10BHH 06 06ecneqeHHll COxpaHHOC-
TH oTrpyiKaeMblX TOBapoB npH nepeBOJKe. YCTaHOBJIeHHe 06 3aHHOCTH
llCI10JIb30BaHlLIl nponaBLloM CneL1HaJlbHblX KOHTCHHCpoB, cpe)),CTB naKe-
340
KOMMejJ'JecKoe npaBO POCCHH
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nOBID! II nOpM):{OK o6eCneQeHlUI ero HCnOJIHeHlUl..
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TH TOBapa. BOJMOJKHOCTb OT6opa nOK}'TlaTeJleM TOBapa Ha CK.Il8)I,e npo-
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pac'leroB. OnpelIeJIeHlle B AoroBope Bl1J];a II cpoKa lIe CTB"" 8KKpeJ:lII-
THBa, nepe<J:lUI II TO'lHOrO H8HMeHOBaHI15I AOKYMeHTOB .D,JHI BblOJl8Tbl
cpeLlcTB no 8KI<]Je.nHl1fBY. YCTaHOBJIeHlle npH pac'leTax nO llHKaCCO cpo-
K8 8KUenTa nlllne)](HOrO Tpe60BaH"" II oCHoBaHllH J],JUI OTKaJa OT 8K-
Lterrr8.
2. COJI,e}J)KafllR'lIHCUHnnHHbl
341
6. YCTaHOMeHlle II ,lI,01OBOpe npH perympHblX onpY3Kax TOMpOIl
YCJ10BIDI 0 pacqeTaX B nopH)J,Ke nepllO.ll.HqeCKHX nJIaTe)l(ei1, onpe)),eJJe-
HHe CpOKOB nepe<lHCneHllH II pa3MepOB nJIaTe)l(eii. npeLII apllTeJIbHbJe H
aBaHCOBbie JUJaTe)l(l1, 06ecne<leHHe mrrepecoB nOK)'naTeJIeH npH llX npH-
MeHeHI1H.
TeMa 19. IIocpemlH'lecKHe ,lI,OroBOpLi D ToproBJIe
I. 06ll.laR xapmaepllCTHK8 nocpe,QHll'JeCKHX ,D,OrOBOpOB B ToprOB-
J1e. npe)),MeT norOBopOB - JJ,ei1CTBIDI nocpe)),Hl1qeCKI1X opraHl13awdi no
npll06pcreHHfO II ITpO,lI,IDf;e TOBapOB Jm60 npOl1BmKeHHIO TOBapOB B HH-
TepeCa.'I: ,lI,pyrl1X yqaCTHHKOB ToprOBOro 060p0rn. TllnOBaR npHHaJl)JeJK-
Hocn nocpe,QHH'leCKHX ,lI,orOBOpOB K l1oroBopaM Ha BQJMe3,QHoe OK33a-
HHe yCJ1yr. Blf)J.bI ToproBo-nocpe,QHll'leCKHX ,lI,01OBOpOB.
2. ,lJ.oroBop KOMMep'leCKOH KOMHCCHll. Oco6eHHocTI1 CO.ll.ep1KaHIDI
,lI,OrOBopa KOMI1CCl1H B KOMMep'leCKOH c$epe: 3aKJIIO'leHHe JJ,orOBopa Ha
CpOK 1111I1 6e3 onpelIeneHlliI. CpOK8 ):le CTBlliI., C YK33aHlleM ruTH 6e3 YKa-
3aHIDI Teppmoplll1 llCnOJIHeHIDI. C ycnOBlteM OTHOCJ.ITenbHO accopTl1MeH-
1'8 TOBapoB II ,lI,pyrl1e. Onpe)),eJleHlle nopH)),Ka OTCTYf1JIeHl151 KOMI1CCllO-
Hepa OT YKaJ8HUH KOMHTeHTa. Pa3JJWIUS] CO):lep-Affi.Hll51 ,lI,OrOBopa B 3aBH-
CHMOCTI1 OT Toro, nepel1aeTC5I ruTH HeT TOBap KOMHccHOHepy. OrBeT-
CTBeHHOCTb KOMI1CCI10Hepa 3a Hel1cnonHeHlle 06 aTeJlbCTBa "IpeTbl1MI1
J1Hl.{aMH. YCTaHOBJIeHHe nOCJle.n:cTBHH HeHCnOnHeHI151 KOMllcclloHepoM
06maTeJIbCTBa no npo)),a)l(e TOBapa. BbmllaTa Bmll8IpIDf\.J:\eHIDI II B03-
Mel.lleHHe 3aTpaT KOMHCCHOHepa
3. ,lJ.oroBop nopyqeHH5I. Oco6eHHocTI1 KOMMepqeCKoro nopyqeHH5I
II npeJJ.CTI:lBlneJJbcTBa. Onpe;:J;eJJeHlle B ):lOrOBOpe co):\ep>KaHIDI nOpyqe-
HI1H II nopMKa 4>llKCItpOBaHtUI nocJI 101l.lI1X YKa3aHJtH ):lOBepI1TeJUI.. ne-
pel1a'l3 nOBepeHHblM llCl10JIHeHIDI ):lOBepllTeJIIO. BblllJJaTa B03Harpmll".Lle-
HIDI II B03Mel.lleHHe 3aIpaT nOBepeHHoro.
4. AreHTCKl1e .n:oroBopw, HX npnMeHeHlle B TOproBoM npennpmill-
MaTeJIbCTBe. ):{ei.JcTBIDI areHTa OT llMeHH npllHlumana H OT CBoero llMe-
HH. Oco6eHHoCTI1 ,lI,OrOBopa ToprOBoro areJfl1IfJOBaHllR. CO.ll.ep>KaHlle
,lI,eHCTBHH TOprOBOro areHTa no op.-aHl13al1llH npo.ll.IDK TOBapa. nOp l10K
Bbln.rrarbl B03H3rpa>KJI.eHlUI aremy.
5. TpaHCnOpTHaJl3KCne.L\l1L1illL Oc06eHHOCJJ1 o4JopMJIeHllil ):lOrOBOp-
HblX OTHOllleHHH B 3aBHCllMOCTH OT IIH./Ul opraHll3altl1H, OKa3blBafOli\ei1
3KCne)J,HltHOHHble ycrrynL 4JYHKltHH 3KCI1e.ll.HTOpa no COBepweHHIO JJ,ei1-
CTBHH IOpUJ1WUXKOro xapaKTepa: 3aKJHO'leHHe l10roBopOB nepeBo3KH OT
llMeHH npHHlI.HnaJIa, o4>opMJIeHlle ,QOKYMeHIOB no OmpaBJIeHHfO II npH-
342
KOMMejJ'JecKoe npaBO POCCHH
HJlTJ.JlO fJJY30B II ,lI,pyrl1e. BblnOJJlUIeMble 3KcnelUfTOpOM .D,JHI npHHwma-
na aKTH'leCKl1e ,[Iei1cTBIUI no npOBepKe COCTOfllill.ll rp)'3a, HaHecemllO
-rpaHcnDpTHoi1 MapKHpOBKl1, opraHll3aLI.Hll 3aB03a II BbIB03a fJJY3a H8
CTaHl.\IUI (B nOpTbl), }'Be;J;OMneHHIQ KJIHeHTa 06 OTnpaBneHHblX H npH-
6bIBWllX rpy3ax. Oc06eHHocTlf OTBeTCTBeHHOCTlf ")KCnelIllLlHOHHbJX
OpraHllJ8l1llll 3a HeHCnOJ1HeHlle o5}13<ITeJ1hCTB.
6. oroBopbl 06 HCKJ]IO'-IllTe.rrbHO npo)ta)](e TOBapoB II ,lI,HCIpll6b1o-
TOpcKHe KOHTpaKTbI. cI>aKTH'-IecKH xapaKTep nOCpeLlHll'-IeCTBa no T8KIIM
JloroBopaM. 06f13aHHOCTb nOK)'naTeJul (.AlICTpOObIOTopa) npHo5pecTlf y
npO,D;aBlla onpe,ll,eneHHOe KOJIWleCTBO TOBapoB. 06.113aHHOCTb npollaBua
BblnOJIH.IITb 3<U1BKll nOK)'fI8TeJUI (.II.llcTpH5bIOTopa) Ha IlIJOWDK,Y AOnOJI-
HIfTeJJbHbIX KOJ1H'IeCTB TOBapa. YCJTOBIUI 06 06H3aHHOCTIt ll3 eHll no-
KynaTeJIeM (J1HCTpOObJOTOpOM) cnpoca Ha TOBap, npoBe)1,eHll peKJIaM-
HblX KaMI18HHH, }"I8CTilli B onTOBbiX flpMapKaX H BbICTaBKaX. OKa3aHllC
npojJ,8BUOM opraHll3aW{OHHoi{ II TeXHH'IeCKOii I}OMOWH nOKynaTeJIlO
(.IJ,HCTpH6bfOTOPY).
TeMa 20. )].orOBOpbI, CO,ll,eHCToyIOUUte TOprtmJIe
I. 06ru:a.ll LleneBa npe,ll,Ha3HaLleHHOCTb KaK OCHOBaHHe KJ18CCll4>ll-
Kaw.Jll AorOBopOB, co,ll,eiicTBYJOll!IlX ToproBJIe. Pa3BHrne BHJlOBAoroBO-
pOB ,lI,aHHOii rpynnhl B COBpeMeHHhlH nepHon. KOHKpeTHbie BHlIbl Aoro-
BOpOB, co.n;ei1CTBYJOI.ltHX TOprOBJIe.
2. JJ,oroBop H8 npoBe.neHHe M8pKeTHHrOBbiX HCCJIe.n;oBaHHii. 3HaLle-
HHe 1I0roBopa JJ)UI 06eCneqeHIDI C6aJIaHClipOBaHHOCTH Me)lQly IIpOH3BO,lI,-
CTBOM II nmpe6neHlleM, oplleHTlipoBaHlliI npOH3BO.!J.IfIeI1eH TOBapoB H8
YAOBJ]eTBOpCHlle peaJIbHblX 3anpocoB nOK)IIUITCJICH. Onpe.ll.eJleHlle )],0-
rOBopa. npe;:J;MeT ,lI,oroBopa. COCTaBJIeHHe 3a..u.aHlliI Ha npoBeLleHlle llC-
CJIe.n;OBaHlliI II nporpaMMbl pa6OT. Heo6xo.n;HMble ycnoBIUI )],oroBopa.
Pe3YJIhTaT llCCJIelIOBaHlliI - BbIBO.LIbi H peKOMeH.L\aUllH MapKeTOnOra,
ll3JIO)KeHHble B OT'-IeTe 0 npOBe.LIeHllH llCCJIe.LIOBaHlliI. OcofieHHocTll on-
pe.LIeneHIUI. OTBeTC1l3eIlliOCTH HCIlOJIHHTeruL
3. ,[{OroBOp H8 C03J{aHIle peKllaMHoH npoAYKQHH. T pe60BaHIUI. <De-
,lI,epaJIbHoro 3aKOHa «0 peK.ITaMe». nOlIJle)Kall!lle Y4e-ry npH 3aKJIJO'-IeHHH
H llcnonHeHHH AoroBopa. OAo6peHlIC peKJI3.MO)],are.lJeM (3aKa:l<lHKoM) 3C-
KH3a, npoena, CUeHapH peKllaMHoro ponllKa II T. n. Onpe,ll,eJIeHHe npeA-
MeTa ,l:\orOBopa, LleHbl, CpOKOB HcnonHellli.ll 06.113aTenbCTBa. Oco6eHHO-
CTH OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH CTOpOH B cJIY"lae HapYWeHll 8BTOPCKHX II CMeJI(-
HhlX npaB TpeThIIX RllLl.
2. COJI,e}J)KafllR'lIHCUHnnHHbl
343
4. J],oroBop H8 pacnpocrpaHeHl1e peKflaMbl. nOpM):{OK onpe;:J;eJJeHIDI
npelIMeTa ):{orOBopa nyreM YCTaHOBJICHI1M co.n.eplKaHHM ):{eHCTBMH peK-
J18MopacnpoCTpaHlITe.rm. cnoc06a JfX BbmOJIHeHllSi II oUbeMa yc.rryr. Oco-
6eHHOCTlf Onpe,ll,eJleHHM npeJ:!MeT3 ):{oroBopa B 3aBHCllMOCTIf OT BH,lIa peK-
n8MbL YC1IOBlUI ):{oroBopa OTHOCHTeJJbHO ):{OBeJ],eHlUl peKJJa.MHO HmiJOp-
MaUlfll ):{o «aKTIfBHhlX nOJIb30BaTeJleiDl. J],oroBop H8 pa3Mell\eHlle peK-
llaMbl. COlIep>KaHlle ):\orOBopa H8 npooelIeHlle peKJIaMHOH KaMnaHHll.
Oco6eHHocTIf OTBeTCTBeHHOCTIf peKIlaMopacnpoc"IpaHllTellil.
5. JJ,oroBopbl H8 npe,QoCTaBJ1eHHe KOMMep'leCKO llHf}JOpMallHH H ee
nepepa60TK)'. OrJ1llLlHTeJIbHble npll3HaKIf llH4qJMauHll KaK 06'beKTa
IIMylltecTBeHHbTX OTHOWeHllii. npe)],MeT ):\orOBopa: Co.n.epJKaHlfe (xapaK-
Tep) HHf}JoPMaUlfll II LleJlb ee llcnOJIb30BaHllM. Onpe;:J;eJleHHe B ,lI,orOBOpe
YCJ10BHH 0 nonHOTe llHf}JOpMalllfH, perynMpHocTIf II OnepaTI1BHOCTIf ee
npelIOCTaBJ1eHlliI, CTeneHH ):\oCToBepHocTH. JJ,oroBopbl 06 aHWIll3e llH-
f}JopMarnill II co.."TaBJIeHHH Ha 3TOH OCHOBe nporH03oB Ii peKOMeH.Il3IDDt:
,lI,JJM 3aKB3'lllKa. KOHf}Jlf)J,eHlUIaJIbHblH xapaKTep ):\oroBopoB.
6. J],oroBop xpaHeHllM. Oc06eHHoc'ni nopM)J,Ka 3aKJTf04eHIffi ,lI,OrOBO-
pOB XpaHeHlliI II onpe):{eJJeHHe HX co.n.eplKaHWI B KOMMepqeCKOH c4>epe.
CTOpOHbl.DoroBopa. XpaHeHHe Ha ToaapHblX CKJla)J,aX. XpaHeHHe npH-
6blBlIIllX fJJY30B T)JaHcnopTHblMH opraHH3aL\lIMMll. COeJ!J.iHeHHe xpaHe-
HHM C 06fl3aHHocuMH onTOBblX opraHH3allH no COBeprneHHfO TOBap-
HblX onepaUHi1: COCTaBJIeHlle aCCDpTHMeHTHblx HaGopoB, OCBeiKeHlle
3anaCOB TOBapa, OTrpY3Ka no )lK833HllfO nOKJ1aiKe.naTellil H npyme. Or-
BeTCTBeHHOe xpaHeHHe TOBapOB: npaBOBoe peryJIHpOBaHlle, COlIepiKa-
HHe npaB II 06 3aHHOCTeii CTOpOH.
7. KOMMepqeCK<llI iPpaHllIH3a (KoHueCCmI). BH,lIbI ,lI,oroBopa KOMMep-
'lecKO KOHQeCCIiH. CTOpOHbI ,D,OrOBOpB.. J1Hl.\eHjHOIlliOe C0IJI8111eHHe KaK
'laCTb ,lI,OrOBopa. YCJJoBHe 0 nepe.n.a'le nOJIb30BaTeJJlO 6ll3HeC-CHCTeMbl
(onepaUHoHHoH cHcTeMbl) H 06}"1cHHe cO"IpynHHKoB nonb30BaTellil ee
npHMeHeHHlO. KOH1pOJIb npaBoo6J18)J,aTellil3a c06nlOlleHHeM nOJIb30Ba-
TeJIeM T)Je60BaHMH 6ll3HeC-CHCTeMbI. nOpM):{Of( OKB3aHWI nOJIb30BaTeJJlO
TeXHIi'leCKOrO, KOHcYJIbTaLlHOHHoro II llHoro CO.IleHCTBmI. Ilmna no .DO-
rOBopy KOMMepqeCKOH f}JpaHllIllJbI (KOHLlecCllH).
TeMa 21. Oprauu:JaUHOHllhl .lJ.OroBOpLI B roproBJIe
I. CYlllHOCTb II onpe):{eJJeHHe opraHll3aUHOHHblX ):\orOBopoB. npe.Il-
MeT OpraHH3aLtHOHHbTX ):\orOBopOB - yperyJIHpOOaHHe cy6'beI\"TIIMH 06-
lltHX BonpOCOB COBepllJeHCTBOBaHllM B3aHMoCBM3aHHO ,lI,ewIeiIbHOCTH.
Ponb opraHH3allHOHHb1X,lI,oroBOpOI! B C03JJ;aHHll YCJ10Bll" H npe.a:nocbI-
344
KOMMejJ'JecKoe npaBO POCCHH
1101\ JJ)UI nOBbllUeHllH ynopM):{O<1eHHOCHI 3aKJIIO'IeHlUI II llCnOJIHeHIDI
ll llliblX ,lI,OroBOpOB. ITpaBOBoe perymipOBaHl-le opraHIf3aIUIOH-
HblX J:lOroBDpOB.
2. OrJJWIlrreJIbHble qepTbl OpraHU'33lIIIOHHblX,lI,01OBOpOB: JlOJIrucpoq-
HbJH WIll 6eCCpOI.JHblH xapaKTep, OJCyTC1Elle B03Me3)I,HOCTI1, HCnOJIb30-
BaRIle 06eHMll CTopOHaMll nOllOOKHTeJIbHblX pe3}'nbTaTOB ynY'HlIeHll}(
B3alfMOCIDI3aHHOH AeJlTel1bHOCTI1 II .lq).
3. BJUlhI opraHlnal1ll0HHblX J:lOI'OBOpOB. JJ,OroBOpbJ 0 B3aHMOCBJl3aH-
Hoil ,lI,enenbHOCTI1 no cHa6>KeHlllO pecypcaMH H c6b1ry TOBapOB. )],oro-
BOpbl 06 o6pa30B8HHll KompaKTHblX oG'be)J,JJHeHHH. JJ,oroBopbl 06 opra-
HI.J3aUliH nepeB030K. ):Wyrne opraHllJaI..{HOHHble ,lI,orOBopbL
4. BtUlOBbIeoco6emlocm comawemrn apraHOB HcnOJIHHTeJIbHOi1 BJIa-
CTH 0 MeJKPerHOH8.JIbHl,IX nOCTaBKax TOBapOB. ITpe)],MeT comallIeHH -
onpe.IJ:CJJCHHe KOHKpeTHblX nOCTaBIllHKOB II nOKynaTCJlei1 II 06IllHX ye-
110B"H lIorOBOpOB nOCTaBKJI Me>I\.!IY HllMH. Crp)'KTYpa OGJl3aTe.lJbCTBeH-
HblX OTHOllIeHll no MelKpernOlIaJIbHblM nOCTaBKaM TOBapoB. CO.lI.q))}(a-
HHe e<xnBeTCTBYIOll(JfX lIoroBopoB.
5. BMOBblC ocoGellliOCTI1 cornallIeHll opraHuB llLTIUJIHllTeJIbHoH
BJIaCTH II MeCTHoro caMoynpaBJIeHrui C npO(i3BO,nCTBelllihIMH H Topro-
BblMI1 OpraHHJalUUlMH no BOnpocaM X03HHCTBeHHOH AeHTeJIbHOCTH. POJIb
TaKl1X comaweHHH B BbVlBJIeHHH TeppllTOpHaJIbHblX pecypcOB.D.JIH pa3-
BHTIUI. :)KOHOMllKl1 perHom II peweHHH COLlIIaJIbHblX 3a..r:ta<I. Co):{epiKa-
Hlle COrnaweHll , 3aKJUO<IaeMblX C opraHH38l\I1HMH-ll3rOTOmrrerrRMll II
ToprOBblMll opr8Hll3aUIDlMH.
TeMa 22. OrBen:meHHOCTL 33 H3pymeHHe roproBbIX
.nOroBOpoB
I. BIUlbI H xapaKTep OTBeI'CTBeHHOCTH 3a HapyrneHHe 06H3aTenbCTB.
npHMeWieMOH B ToprOBOM 060pOTe. JaKOH H AorOBOp K8K OCHOBaHllH
yCTaHOB.IleHHH (llCTO<IHllKH) OIEe'fC"IEeHHOCTI1. <tJYHKUllll OTEeTCTBeHHo-
CHI B COBpeMeHHblX YCJlOBHHX. JaBllCllMOCTb :) 4>eKTHBHOCTH OT8eT-
CTBeHHOCTI1 OT n011HOTbI pearrmaUHll npHCYlUHX ei14>YHKUll .
2. npaBOMOI.JllH CTopOH no YCTIlHoa.neHHIO B AoroBope H ll3MeHeHHIO
npe.llYCMoTpeHHblX 3aKOHOM Mep OTBeTCTBeHHOCnI. YCTaHOBJlemJe B llo-
rOBope Mep OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH 3a HeHcn011HeHlle o6H3aHHOCTeH. npe;:J;Yc-
MOTpeHHblX 3aKOHOM. ComaweHJLII 0 B03MeweHllH y6bITKOB B 3apaHee
onpe.l1eneHHOM (TBep.l10M) pa3Me:pC. YBenllI.JeHHH ll11ll YMeHbllJeHllH yc-
TaHoa.neHHoro 3aKOHOM pB3Mepa HeycTOJIKH II npou;eHTOB nO,D,eHe>KHbIM
2. COJI,e}J)KafllR'lIHCUHnJ]HHbl
345
Oful.J8'IeJIbCTB8M. Onpe;:J;eJJeHlfe B AOrOBOpe COOTHOllleHllR Me)fQJ)' Heyc-
TOllKO II B03MellleHHeM y6bITKOB OT H8pylIJeHllR.
3. KpllTepl1ll Bbl60pa BH.IJ,a OIBeTCTIJeHHOCTlf 3a H8pyweHlUI 06"3a-
TenbCTB B ToprOBOM 06opoTe. Cnoc06bl OJITI1MaJIbHoro onpe.LIenelill" B
AO.-ooopax pa3Mepa Ii nOp"LIK8 Ha'lllCJIeHllR Heycro.iiKM (urrpa4>a, neHIf).
4. YCJlOBH" OCB06o)K):{eHll OT QTEeTCTBeHHOCTI1 3a ,lI,Oll)'llJ;eHHoe Ha-
pyweHlie 06S13aTeJJbcTBa. nOHSlTlfe Henpeo;:J;onllMoi1 ClfJIbL YKa3aHlle B
,lI,OrOBOpe KOHKpeTHblX 06crOJrrenbcTB. paCCMaTpHBaeMblX B Ka'leCTBe
HenpeO.LIOJIllMOll ClfJIbl. APyrne npeJ:l)'CIIIOTpeHHble 3aKOHOM OCHOBaHHSI
,lI,JIJi nOJlHoro "JIH 'l8C11f'fHoro OCB060-A(.!I,eHHSI ,lI,On)f(HIiKa OT OTBeTCTBeH-
HOCTI1.
Pa.meJI IV. IIOCIIeTOproBbIe UfHOmeHHB
TeMa 23. IIpueMKa TOsapoB no KOJDI'Iecmy H KalJecmy.
cneprH3a KalJecma
I. npoBepKa coxpaHHOCTH TOBapa IIpll nOJJY'IeHll" OT TpaHCJIop1.-
HblX opraHll3aUHH. KOMMepqeCKHe 8KTbI, nOpSl):{OK llX COCTaBJIeHllJl, 06-
>KWJOBaHHe OTKaJa B BbT,Ua'le alITa. YJJ:QCTOBepeHHe HecoxpaHHOCTH rpy3a
npH nepeB03Ke aBTOM06HJ]bHbIM'Ip8HCnoproM. nop"LIOK npOBe):{eHHSI 3K-
CJIepTH3bI JIJISI onpeneJIeHHSI npw-mH HecoxpaHHOCTH rpY3a II pa3Mepa
ywep6a. B03HHKwero npll TpaHcnOpTHpoBKe.
2. Tpe6oBalUUl3aKoHa OTHOCllTeJIbHO nopSl,!J.Ka IIpneMKH TOBapOB B
OTHOllleHHSlX no K)'TIJIe-npomDKC. HopMaTHBHbIe aKTbI. peryJlllPYfOw,He
nop"LIOK npHeMKH TOBapoB no KOJ1lNeCTBY Ii KaLJeCTBY. OnpelIeneHlle B
,lI,OrDBopax nop )J;Ka H oc06eHHocreH nplieMKH OT,lI,eJIbHbIX BHJJ,OB TOBa-
pOB.
3. nopSl):{OK COCTaBJIeHrui aKTOB 0 HelIOCTa'le II HeHa,nne)l(aIlIeM Ka-
'lecTBe TOBapoB. JWynfe ):\oK)'MeHTbI, COCTaBJUIeMble IIOK)'I13"JeIIeM B nOlI-
TBepiK.lleHlle pe3ynbTaToB npHeMKH. J],oKYMeHTaJIbHOe O OpMJleHlle pe-
3ynbTaToB C.LIa'lll-npHeMKlf npH nepe;:J;a'le TOBapa npo):{aBuoM JIOKyrra-
Te11IO.
4. 3KCnepTl13a Ka'leCTBa TOBapoB. )/LJpe)K):{eHllSl, ynpaBOMO'leHHble
H8 npOBe.LIeHlle 3KCnepTlf3bL OfuKaJIoBaHlle pe3ynbTaToB 3KCnepllf]bI.
nOpSl,!:¥JK H83HaQeHllSi H npOBelIeHIiH nOBTopHOii 3KcnepTH3bl.
5. Oco6eHHoCTlf nplleMKll HMnopTHblx II 3KcnOpTHblx TOBapoB H
O<JIOpMlleHH" aKTOB 06 llX He.LIOCTa'le llJIH HeHaJlJle)l(all\eM K8'leCTBe. On-
pe,QeJleHlle B KompaKTe Ha 3KcnopT TOBapa OJIT8HII3<llIIIU. ynpasOMO-
346
KOMMejJ'JecKoe npaBO POCCHH
':IeHRD" npOBO.D;HTb npOBepKY KOJIHlfeCTBa II Ka':leCTBeHHoro cocromuUl
TOBapa, a TaJOKe nop )J;Kao4JopMJIeHJUI npllCMHbIX nOK)'MelITOB. COCTaB-
I1eHlle llHcneKWIoHHblX C'leTOB 0 npOBepKe I{ npH6bITHit l(cnOpTHblX
rpY30B.
TeM3 24. B038paT H nOBTopHOe Hcn0JIb30BaHlle TaphI
I. nparoBOe perynHpoBaHlle B03BpaTa II IIOBTOpHOro llCOOJlb30B8-
HWI Tapblll3-nO.D: TOBapOB. BlIJJ:bl, KOJIWieCTBO nO)J)1e)KaLl\e B0311paTY
Tapbl. CpOKll B03BpaTa. YCTaHOBJJeUlle B .D,OrOBOpax nOpm:IKa II cpOKOB
B03BpaTa Tapw.
2. Onpe.neneulle nop )J;Ka B03BpaTa 'fapM B CJIY'-!aID:: ompaBKH TOBa-
pa n0JIY"l8TeJUlM, He COCTOSIWHM B lIorOBopHbIX OTHOllleHHJlX c nOCTaB-
IIJ;HKOM. CepTH4>lfImrn: Ha B03l3paT T8pb1.
3. Bo3BpaT npbl-06oPY,ll,OBaHHJJ, cpe)J;cT8 naKeTl1pOBamUI II Cnel\lI-
anbHblX nplicnoco6JleHI1H, nony'leHHblX OT "IpaHcnOpTHblX II llHblX opra-
Hll3al\lIH .D,JHI oGecneqeHWI. coxpaHHocTll TOBapa "I'" nepeBo3Ke.
4. OrnererneHHOCTb 38 HeCBOeBpeMeHHbIH B03BpaTTapbl ll3-no)], TO-
Bapa, Tapbl-06oPYAOB8H1ffi, Cpe,!lCTB naKeTHpOBaHllJl II cneWUlJlbHblX
nplicnoco6JleHHH .D,JHI nepeB03KH.
TeMa 25. IIpereH31D1 H peKJIaMaIJ;HH
I. 3aKOHo.naTeJIbCTBO 0 npereH3HOHHOM nOpJl)J;Ke yperynllpoB8HlUI
cnopoB. BlUIfOLIeHlle B AorOBOp YCJ10BHJI 0 npe-reH3HOHHOM yperynllpo-
BaHllH cnopoB.
2. nOpJl)J;OK II CpOKH npe.D:b5lBJJeHll nperemnij lpeKJIaM8UHH) B TOp-
rOBblX OTHOIlIeHHJlX. C HHe npeTeH3l1ll. ):{OK)'MeHTarIbHOe o50cHo-
BaHHe npe-reH3HOHHoro Tpe60BaHHJI. nOp )J;OK II CpOKH Aa<Ill OTBe-ra Ha
npe-reH3HIO. CornaweHlle 0 6eccnopHoM cnHC3Hlfll cyMM nO npll3HaH-
HbJM npereH3W1M.
3. Oco6eHHOCTH npe)J;'bJlBJIeHlliI nperemJlH, BbITeKaIOIllHX ll3 nepe-
B03Kll rpY30B. Bll.L\bl TpaHcnop1'Hl>IX opraHll3aUH". KOTOpblM MOryr 3a-
JlBIDlTbCJI npereH3ll" no nOBony yrpaTbI, He.nOCTa<Ill ruIll nOp<Ill rpY3a.
):{oKYMel-ITbl, 06OCHoBbiBaKlUUie npeTeH3HlO. nop5lll0K II cpOKH npe.n;'bJlB-
neHHJI H paCCMOTpeHIffi npereH3"". BbITeK8lOIllHX ll3 nepeB03K" rpy30B.
4. Onpe;:J;eJIeHlle BO BHelliHeToprOBblx KompaKT8X nOpJl)J;Ka II cpo-
KOB npe)J;'bJlBJIeHl.lJi H paccMo"I'pf:HlUI npereH31IH. YcnoBlUI 0 BblCbUlKe
peKJ1aMaUHOHHbIX aKTOB 0 He.nOCTa<Ie rum HemUJ,ne:JKallIeM KaqeCTBe
llMnOpTHOro TOBapa.
3. PeIIoMeJf.!I)'CMUC TeMbl K}IJJCOBIdX H lIHnnOMHblX paOOT
347
TeMa 26. fOCY,QapcTBeHHbIH KOHTpoJIb 33 co6.moJJ.eHHeM
1Ip3BH.II roproBoil J],eHTeJIbHOCTH
I. rOCYAapCTBeHHoe perynHpOlmllleroproBOM AemeJlbHOC"IH. [1pHH-
LlHnbl, nop JJ;OK II npeJJ;eJlbl BMeW8TeJlbCTBa KOHTponllpyIOllI}IX opraHOB
B AeJITeJIbHOCTb y48CTHllKOB roproBOro 06opoTa.
2. MllHllcTepcTBo 3KOHOMH'IeCKoro pa3B1ITHH II ToprOBJIll P!.t>, ero
reppHTopnaJIbHble opraHbL MeToJJ;H'leCKHe II KOmpOJIbHWe $YHKUllH
MllH3KoHOMpa3B1ITHH P!.t> II ero TeppllTOpllaJIbHblX opraHOB.
3. OpraHw rOCHHcneKLlHH no ToprOBJIe, Ka'leCTBY TOBapOB II 3all{lI-
Te npaB nmpe61'ITeJleH. <!I}'HKUJIH rOCl.{HCneKUJIH, ee reppJITOpHaJlbHblX
ynpaB.lleHMii no KOHTpomo 3a ,lI,ewreJIbHOCTbIO Y'l.aCTHHKOB ToproBoro
o6opOTa
4. AJ:lMIDHfCTp8TIIBHIDI OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb opraHll3aUHH II JlOJIJKHOC-
THbIX JIHL( 3a H8pyweHlle 06$13aTeJlbHbiX npaBHJI B c4Jepc ToproBoro 060-
pOTa. OpraHbl, ynpaBOMO'leHHble npltMeH Tb Mepbl 8l!MllHItCTpaTHBHOH
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTll. nopMOK II cpOKH npllMeHeHrui YKa3aHHblX Mep OT-
BeTCTBeHHOCTH.
5. 3awHTa opraHlf.Jal.U1i1 Ii npennpmrn:M8TeJle OT HenpaBoMepHblX
,lI,ei1CTBHH KOHTponllpYlOlJ..lI{X opraHoB.
3. PeKOMel\llYeMbIe TeMbI
KY)ICOBbIX H I\IIIUIOMHbIX pa60r
I. OcHOBaHll$l Q"rpacneBoro 060c06neHllH KOMMep'leCKoro npaBa.
2. TOproBoe II rp8)I\L{8HCKDe JaKOHO.QaTe1IbCTBO; coornoWeHlte II B3a-
llMOB)UI$lHlle.
3. ToproBoe 38KOHOnaTeJIbCTBO POCCHlt Ii JlpynfX crpaH, llCTOpIDI
pa:reJITH$I (cp8lU-IIITeJIbm.re llCCJIelIOBaHllJl).
4. HCHOpM8TllBHbIC npaBoBhlc cpencTBa: nOH$lTHC, BH)lbI.
5. 06bl'l8t! ToproBoro 060POTa, llX $llKCHpoB8Hlle H npllMeHeHHe.
6. 3auuna npaB nOTpe6meJIei1 B ToproBoM o6opOTe.
7. npHffilHnbl eBponei1cKoro JlOrOBopHoro npaBa.
8.[1pI1Hl.U1IlhlM KOMMq)qecKlIXJlOroBOpoB YHJ1,[{PYA.
9. l1HKOTEPMC 2000: OCHOBHble nOJIOJKeHrui.
10. npeJJ;MeT II MeTOl! perymlpoBaHlUI KOMMep'IeCKOrU npaBa
II. BI1)J.hI OpraHH38I.IIrn - Y'IacTHlIKOB ToproBoro 06opOTa.
348
KOMMejJ'JecKoe npaBO POCCHH
12. OCHOBaHll Bbmopa opraHJ.{3aLllloHHo-npaBoBo 4JopMbl TOpm-
BOH Opl1Uill'3alU1li
13. KOHTpaKTHble o61.e.IJ:HHeHJ.UI B ToproBJIe.
14. Y'lacrue HeKoMMep4eCKI1X opraHinauliH B roproBoM 060pOTe.
IS. ToproBo-npOMblllLJJeHHble narran!: npaBQBOe nOJIOJKeHlle, rpYH-
KlIIUL
16. YIJaCHle ""OCTpaHHblX IIllU B ToprOBOM 060pOTe.
17. YqaCTHe opraHoB llCnOJIHllTeJIbHOH BJI8CTll II MecTHOro CaMO-
ynpaBJIeHIUI B pa3BIITHll roproBblx cBjl3e .
18. Cy6DeKTbI-oprtllilBaropbl TOproBOro 06opoTa: omOBble npo""o-
BonhCTBeHHble pblHKll, TOBapHhle 6Hp"AClI, omOEbie SlpMaPKH II AV.
19. TOBapHhIH 3HaK, 3HaK 06c.n)nKHBaHIDI., HallMCHOBaJille Mecra "PO-
llCXO)]{Jl;eHlliI TOBapa.
20. npaBoBble npo6neMbI pa3B1fi1tjj TOliapHoro pblHKa.
21. I1H<ppaCTJJYKTYPa TOBapHOro pblHKa: nOJffiTHe, coLlep»mHHe (npa-
BOBbie aCneKTbl).
22. nomlnle TOBapa, KJI8CCll<pllKalllUl BH.LlOB TOBapOl .
23. TOBapopacnopSl.lIJITeJIbHhle .D;OI<YMeHTbI.
24. npaBoBoe perymfpoBaHlle KOHK}'peHl_IJHI H8 TOBapHblX pblHKax.
25. .AeJIOIm penyrauwSl KOMMep'leCKOH opraHll3awm: rpOpMHpoBa-
HHe,38I.1J,IfTa.
26. 06ccnCI.JCHHe KOMMep'leCKOH TaHHbI B ToproBoM 06C{JOTe.
27. K1Iacclf lfKalllUl. ,lI,OrOBOpOB roproBoro npaBa.
28. AoroBoI'bl onTOBOH KynJIlf-nI'OJ1a)K1{ I{ nOCTaBKlI: CI'aBHllTenb-
HblHaHaJllf3.
29. Cnoc06bI3aKJIIO'IeHHJ( J10roBopoB B ToprOBOM o6opOTe.
30. 3JIeKIpoHHaH LlI1«AX)BlliI nO.L\nllCb.
31. 3aKJIIOQeHlfe II llcnOJlHeHlle ):JorOBopOB c llcnOJIb30BaHI{eM :meK-
Tp0HHblX cpc.n:CTB (,meKTpoHHWI TOprOBJVI).
32. AOJIroCI'O'lHbJe J10J'OBopbl: oco6eHHOCTIf 3aKJIIO'leHI{J( I{ unpe):Je-
J1eHHe CO.L\ep>KaHIUI..
33. OpraHllJaUlfOHHble ,lI,orOBopbl B KOMMepQeCKOH cq,epe.
34. PeryJJlfpOBaHlle 38K)'nOK TOBaI'OB ,1I,JUI rOCYlIaI'CTBeHHblX H)')I<.lL.
35. OpraHlfJaLlIHI M nlOHaJJbHblX roprOBbix CB 3eit (npaBooble
aCneKTbl).
36. CrpYKTYPa ,lI,OrOBOI'HbIX cBH3ei1 B ToprOBJIe.
37. PeryJUlpoBaHl{e nepexo,ll,8 npaBa co6cweHHOCTH II pHCKOB B TOp-
rOBbIX ):JorOBopax.
38. Hcnonb30BaHl{e ):JoroBopa ,1I,JUI Y,lI,OBJIeTBopeHIDI accopTIiMeHT-
HblX JaIIpOCOB nOi<yT1an:Jleii.
3. PeIIoMeI-fJI)'CMUC TeMbl K}IJJCOBIdX II lIHnnOMHblX paOOT
349
39. npaBOBbie aCneKTbl YJ1YLJlIIeHWlKaLJeCTBa TOBapa.
40. Cepnl(lmKalllUl. TOBapcm: l..{eJ1ll, nOpM,LIOK npo HlUI. Ii ):loK)'MeH-
TaJlbHOe ol}JopMJIeHlle
41. YcnOBlul 0 cpOKax B ToprOBblx ,lI,orOBopax.
42. MapKHpOBK8 TOBapoB, MapKHpoBKa Tapbl.
43. Cnoco6bl onpe):\eJIeHlHl l..{eHbl npOJlaBaeMoro TOBapa.
44. Onpe;:J;eJIeHlle B .n;oroBopax tlJOPMbI II nOpM):\Ka pacqeroB.
45. Oco6eHHocTlI paC'leTOB BO BHelllHeToproBbTX OTHOllJeHllMX.
46. ,lJ,oroBop MeHbI (6apTepa) B ToprOBOM 060pOTe.
47. ,lJ,oroBop KOMMepqeCKOH KOMIICCllll (KOHCllT1-I81 lfll).
48. ,lJ,oroBop H8 npOBe.n;eHlle MapKeTlIHrOBblX llCCJ1eJlOBaHllH.
49. ,lJ,oroBop Ha npe.u.OCT8BJ1eHlIe KOMMepLJeCKOH llHl}JopMaulIlI.
50. ,lJ,oroBop Ha OKa3aHlle peKJ1aMHbIX YCJTYf
51. KOMMcpLJeCKOe npeACTaBllTeJIbCTBO.
52. AreHTCKlIe .n;Or0Bopbl B TOprOBOM 060pOTe.
53. J],Hcrpll6bIOTOpCKHH .n;Or0BOp.
54. ,lJ,oroBop Ha (1CKJ1lOLJllTeJ1bH)'lO npo.u.a)f()' TOBapa.
55. ,lJ,oroBop tlJpaH<ffiitmHra «{I\OMMepqecl(Q KOHLlecclllm).
56.1.1empa.rrH30BaHHM .n;OCTaBKa TOBapOB aBTorpaHcnopToM.
57. npaBOEIble Cnoco6bl o6eCneqeHIUI. COXpaHHOCTI1 TOBapa npll ne-
peB03Ke.
58. XpaHeHlle (OTBeTCIBeHHoe XpaHeHlle) TOBapoB.
59. ,lJ,oroBop CTpaxoBaHlliI. coxpaHHOCTI1 TOBapoB.
60. ,lJ,oroBop CTp8XOB8HllM KOMMep'leCKI1X pllCKOB.
61. Oco6eHHOCTl1 o6eCneqeHIUI. llCnOJ1HeHlliI. TOprDBbLX ,lI,OroBopoB.
62. ,lJ,oroBop TpaHCnOpTHOH 3KcneJlI1L\lfIl.
63. npHMeHeHlle Mep OnepaTI1BHOrO 8CYJJI,eiicTBIUI. B TOproBblX OT-
HOllIeHIISiX.
64. Cnoc06bl 06eCneLJeHWI llcnonHeHliM ToprOBblx 06sl3arem,cTB.
65. Orrerc-meHHOCTb 3a HapYllIeHIISi 06 3aTeJ1bCTB B ToproBJ1e.
66. OCHOBaHllM II ycnOBlfjj npllMeHeHIISi Mep OTBeTCTBeHHOCTIt.
67. YCJ10B(1S1 .D:OrOBOpOB 06 orpaH(1LJeHll(1 (1 llCKJ1lO'IeHl1ll OTBeT-
CTBeHHOCTlI.
68. OpraHll3al..{W! pOO0TbI no B03MemeH(11O y6bITKOB.
69. npllcnoco6J1eHlle .D:orOBopa K IUMeHeHll M YCJIOBllH ,lI,e.llTeJ1bHO-
CTH.
70. OCHoBaHHSI (1 nop .u.OK 113MeHeHHSI II ,lI,OCpOLJHOrO paCTop)KeHWI
.n;oroBopoB.
71. npHeMKa TOBapoB no KOJ1llLJeCTBY II KaLJeCTBY.
350
KOMMejJ'JecKoe npaBO POCCHH
72. nOpMOK nplleMKI1 llMnOpTHblX TOBapoB
73. Perym-qX)BaHlle :)Kcnepn-l3bJ KaqeCTBa II MeCTa npOllCXO)]{Jl;eHJUI
TOBapa.
74. np06J1eMbI npllMeHemUI llHOClpaHHoro 3aKOHa II KOJ1]llI'JIIOHHbIX
HOpM BO BHeUIHeTOprOBblx OTHOrneH}tl!X
75. rOCY.napcTEeHHoe perymlpOBaHlie 3KCnopm II IIMIlOpT3 TOBapOEl,
Mepbl perynllpoBaHlUI
76. TaMffiKeHHoe O OpMJ1eHlle BB03a II BblBOJa TOBapOB.
77. AU.lluIHliCTpaTHBillUI II yrOJIOBH3.!1 OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a Hapywe-
HIf B c$epe TOproBJIH.
78.1OpllJ],lI4eCKIDI CII}')K6a KOMMep'leCKOii opraHll3aUHll.
OfJIaBJIeHHe
YKil3aTenb COKpallleHHM. .... 7
BBe,ll,eHHe .. 13
r na B a I. IIpellMeTH CHCTeM3 rypca KOMMep'IecKoro npaBa .. . 17
L IIoIDITHe KOMI'lIepUHH H KOMMep'leCKoro npaBa . .. 17
2. KOMMep'lttKOe npaBo KaK HaYKB H KaK )"ie6HM.]J.IICI.UillJIJ1H8. .. 19
3. IIpel1MeT peryIlHpoBaHH KOMMepqeomro npaBa .' . .. .. . " 22
4. CO lHe rypca KOlIIMcp'leCKoro npaBa . .. 25
5. CooTHoweHHe co CMCJKHblMH IOpIIJlII'ICCKllllDI
HHHblMlillHCllImmmaMH . ......... ..26
JImepmypa . .. 29
r naB a 2. 3aK0H0J\are.m,Hoe peryJlHp08aHHe TOproooH lIe Te!lbHOCTH ... 30
1. HCTOpWi pa3BKI1VI TOproBoro npaBa . .. 30
2. COBpeMeHHble TeH,1leHWtIl pB3BHTlliI ToproBOro npaBa . . . . . .. 32
3. IIp:6neArn1O'aJIH3I11a'laCTHOrOnpaB3 ...................... ..38
4. CUHOBJIetille ToproBoro npaBa B POCCliH . .. 40
5. XapmaepllCTItK8 COBper.teHHoro roptOBOrO 3BKOHOllaTeJJ.bCTBa
POCCHH.............................................. .. 42
6. 3a..u.a'lH KODIlcj:MKauHH pocclliiCKOro TGprOBOJ\)
3aKOH0,llill'CJThClB3 . ..46
JIHTepa1)'pB ................... ......... ..51
r naB a 3. Cy6LeKn.I KOMMep«<=CKOH JleHrellbHOCTIf .
.. 52
L IIOHJ'lTHe )"UICTHHKOB ToproBoHlIe Te!lbHOCTH .. 52
2. BHllbl cy6beKroB KOMMep'!ecKoro npaaa . . . . . .. 54
3. OpraHH3aTopblTOBapHoropbIHKa .. ............ .......57
4. OmOBble TOproBbie H nOCpel1HH'IecKHe opraHH3aUHH ............ 61
5.0CHOBIDllIJIBhJ6opaBI1.QOBOpraHI0BQHif ...................... 65
JIHTeparypa ........................ ..69
r naB a 4. 06'bCKTbI TOproBOro npaBa .
.. 70
L IIoilliTHeo61,eKTOBTOprDBOronpaBa ......................... 70
10
0m>mneH.,
2. BH)lb1 06beKTOB ToproBOro npaBa .
3. KJJaCCH$JKallWI TOBapoB .......
4. IIpaBOBOH pcA<l1ll1 TOBapoB .
S. Cn0c06bl o60co6.rreHH TOBapoB .
JIHTeparypa ................... ...............
f naB a 5. fJ>opMllpOBaJlHe crpyKrypbl Ii HHlPpaCTpYKTYPbl
TOBapHoropblHKa ...... ..............
..72
.... ..77
....... 79
.......83
..8S
.. 86
I. IIOHJ'lTHeTOBaplloro pblHKa Ii erocrpy""fYPbI . .. 86
2. llyn'! pa3BlIDm CTpyKTypbl pblHKa .. 88
3. OC06eHHOCTH pa3BHTH cy6beKroo - OpramnaropoB pblHKa .' .. 95
4. <I>opMHpoBaHHe HHtj>pacrpyKTypbl pWHKa . . 100
. 1m
r naB a 6. KOHKYPcHUnH B KOMMcp'lCCKOH lIeHCnbHOCTH . .. 103
1. IIOHJ'lTHe Ii COUHanbHO-)"-oJ-IOIllH'leCIGUI ponb KOHK}'PCHUIDI . 103
2. Crroco6bl C03;:J;aHIi KOHK)'peHTHOH Cpellbl ..' 105
3.3aulirraKOHK)'peHuHn ........................ ..... 110
1IKrepmypa . 113
r na Ba 7. J],OroBOPbl, perymtpylOllllleroproBMii 06OPOT . 114
I.Cyu\HocTblloroBopa .......... .... .........
2. OrnH'IHTeJlbHWe 'Iepn.i KOMMep'lecKIU 1l0roBOpOB
3. K.rTacCJ$1KaUH KOMMep'lecKJl',: llOrooopoB .' ....
4.CocralIm.reoG 3aTeJlbCTBa .
J],nepmypa .
f naB a 8. 3aK!lKNeHlIe, H3MeHCHHe H pacrop)](eHHe
TOprOBblXlIoroBOpOB ...............................
I. npaBOBoe peryJlHpoBaHHe 3BK!lI01.JeHH J],{JroBopoB .
2. Cnoco6w J3KJ1I01.JeHHH TOpfOWX 1I0£Uoopoo ......
3. JaK!l101.JeHlie lIoroBOpoB B cem IIHrepHeT .
4. HJMeHeHHe H pacTop)](eHHe i1:O£Uoopoo .....
1IKrepmypa .........................
fllaBa 9. JJ,OroBOpblHapea.n(13allIIIOTOBapoB ......... ..
114
. 117
. 119
.. 121
__..... 124
.... 125
125
I30
I39
143
149
. ISO
I. OmOBIDI TOpmBIIJI H o6ecneqeHIIe HlITepecoB noTpe6JrreJJeii: ..... ISO
2. .lJ,OroBOp orrroBOH Kyrrnn-npollIDKll .......................... IS3
3. Kynn -1IpO.IlIDK3 H nOCTaBKd . . 157
4.J],OroBOP KOHTfJBIffiIllIflIceJlbCKOXOHCTBeHHOH npoD:)'KlDlH ..... 162
OmaJilleHHe II
5. nOCTaBKa )]JlJI rocy,ll3.pCTBeHHblX H)'JKIl . 164
JIHTepa1)'pa ......................... .167
fnaBa 10.CrpyKTYpa,ll,oroBopHblXcB 3eif . .168
1.C')'U!HOCTbHBH)lbI,lI,oroBopHblxcB 3eif . . 168
2. BblGOp CTpYKTYpbl peaJImaUHOHHbIX cmneii: 171
3. Oco6eHHOCTH OTlleJIbHblX BI1110B cB 3eif . 174
JIHTepa1)'pa ............................. .177
rnaBa II.Bbipa6oTKaycnommmprowxlIoroBOpoB .. 178
1. nOPMOK OllpelleneHWI ycnoBH ,lI,oro&..1pOB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 178
2. npe;!,JIteT lIoroBopa, accopnlMeHT. CpOKH H nop llOK 01Tpy3KH " . 181
3. Onpel1eJleHHe Ka'leCTBa TOBapoB ...... . 192
4. YcnoBWI 0 ueHe H cnoco6e pacqemII . . 102
JImepa-rypa .............. .213
f na B a 12. noCpellHH'IeCKHellOroeopbI B ToproBJ1e . 214
L ToproBoe nocpellHH'IeCTBO H npe1lCTdBKreJIbC1OO . 214
2. nJ'ilB{)B{)e peryffifpoB3HHe nocpe;:I)-Ilf'JeCTBa
H npellCTaBJfre1lbCTBa . . 216
3. JJ,OroBOp KOMMep'!ecKoif KOMHCCHH .............. . 218
4. KOllllllep<leCKOe nop)"leJlHe H areHTHpOB<IJU:le . . . 226
5. JJ,pyme BKD.bI nOCpe)I.HH'IttKUX ,lI,OroaopOB . . 233
JI .............. .235
fnaBa 13. JJ,Orooopbl. COlIeHcTBYlOlllue ToproBJIe . .236
I. BH)lb1 1I0roBOpOB, CO;:J;CMCTBYIOIllHX TOproBJIe .
2. J],orooopbI: H3 npoBe)J;eHlle MapKeTHHroBblX HCCJle)J;OBaHH
3. .lJ,OroBOpbl Ha pacnpocTpaHe1DIe peKJIaMbl" Ha nepellil'l)'
Irni»opNaU HH .
4. JJ.orooopw "paHeHIDI TOBapoB. JJ,OroBOpbl CTpiIXOBaHIUI
5. JJ,OroBop KOMMep'!ecKoif 4JpaHWH3b1
6. JJ,oroBop "lp3HCnopniOO 3Kcne;:J;HUHH. . .
JIHTeparypa ........................ "
.236
.......237
.242
251
.257
.... .... ......262
.265
r II a B a 14. Pery1ll1pOB3Hlle nepeB030K rpy30B "
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