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BJUlfITb Ha ocymecTB1I:'HJ1e npaBOMO'illi1:  CnpaBeMI1- Ba$i OQeHKa SHa'1eIDIJ'l HOpMhl, 38.KpenJ!2HIIDJI BeT. 124 rK PCCPCP 1964 r. 6hLJJa ]:IaHa P.II. MaHaIlKOEOii, KOTOpali OTMe'-laJla, '1TO «Ha nep- Bhrn: B3r.m>,1J; MomeT nOKa3BThCJ'I, 'ITO YKaSaHHaJ'l BhnIIe HOpMa "MeeT l.\eJlhlO Jll:IIlIh OOeC!le<1eHl1e "HTepecOB npaBOnpeeMHl1KOB J1 n03TO- MY coco6cTBeIunIKH Henocpe,ncTBeHHO He samrrepecoBBHbl B oco6oM expopM.n€IDllt,l\OCTIfI"lIYTOi'O cornarnemlfl 0 nop$i,IJ.Ke I101Ib3OBaHJ1fI 06- IlU1M ,[IOMOM. B .I\eiic'IE1'reJIl:HOCTI1 ,[Ieno OOC'f()I1T J.fHa'le. Oq:mpM.neHl1e corJIallI8llJffI 0 nop$i,IJ.Ke nOJlh30BaHI1$i 060c06.neHHhlMl1 n0ME'1IJ;8HJ.IR- MI1 B OOll.\eM :HUIJ10M ,[IOMe rapaHTl1py8T yC'l'OiitnfBOCTh Kj:f CJK»KIfBIllI1'OCH oTHOrneHl1if, HeCMOTp$i Ha Hel130e:IKHhle I13MeHeHI1$i B CyD"beKTHOM COCTaBe. 3aKpeILJJemie peaJlhHoif .I\OJll1 sa Ka*JlhlM 1:13 }"-IaCTHI1KOB CTI1M)'J1I1PYeT J1X Havr60nee 3aIDIT8pecoOOHO ".I\06poco- BeCTHO Ocy:u..J;ecTBJIflTh CBOI1 OOJ'l3BHHOCTI1 no coxpaHeHmO " X03J'1if- CTBeHHOM)' C0.I\8pmaIDDO OTBe)J;elllihlX eM)' I1OM8ll18mm»'. ,IJ,yMaeTC$i, '1'f() )J;JIJ'I.I\OCTIDKeHIDI ,[(BHHhIX l.\eJleif 3BKpE'ILJJeHl1e HOPMh! CT. 124 rK PCOCP 1964 r. B cOBp8MeHHoM 38.KOHO,!\BTeJlhCTBeOhLJ!06b1 O"leHb no- ne3HbIM. KpoMe ooll.\eif .I\oJ!eBoif co6cTBemIx.-n1, KaK yme 6hLJJO OTMe'-leHO BhnIIe, perYJ1I1PoBaHl1IO no;vremaJla OOIl.\BH COBMeCTHaJ'l c06crneH- HOCTh, K KOTOpoif B COOTBeTCTBJDI C rK 1964 r. OTHOCHJ!aCh Co6cTBeH- HOCTh 'lJIeHOB KOJIX03HOro,IJ;BOpa" COOCTB€HHOCTh 3B11JIMalOIl.\J1XCH JfH- JJ:11B11J1J18J1hHoU "IpyWBOii )J;e.meJIbHOCThIO B cenhCKOM X03HHcrne. BIDCCCOBeTCKJ.fifnepl1o)J;BpeMflHa TeppI1TO- pI1l1PCP,[lei1-rnoBamICkHOBblIpa.iK,lJ.BHCKoro1991r.2. KOTQpble co,!\epmaJIl1 e)J;l1HCTBeHHyKI CTaTbiO, perYJHtpy}()IIJYJO oolIlJ'lO cc6cTBeHHOCTh, BeCbMa clJparMemapHo. IIO)J;BO)\H JITor JJ;BHHOM)' napaIpaclJy HaCTOHll\eii pa60ThI, XOTe.OOCb 6h! OTMeTlITh, 'lTO J:lMeHHO B COB€TCKIDI nepl10JJ; 6hlJll1  clJ)'H,D;aMemaJlhHble le pa3pa6crrK11 I1HCTI1T)'Ta oOll\ei1 cooCTBeHHOCTl1, KOTOpble BO MHOfOM "11.0 CI1X nop He TepHIQT cBOei1 a.K- ryaJIhHOCU1113Ha'll1MOCTI1. B 3TOT me nepl10)\ MOiKHO OTMeTIITb 11 onpe- ,QeJIeHHhII1 perpecc B npaBOBOM pEf'YJIi1POBBHJ1j.{, KO'lUpbli1 CBH3aH C pe8HI1M>1pOBaHJteM np.l1HW1ITa e)J;l1HOrJIaCI1JI. Eo TE'M He MeHee MHOl'.l1e HOpMhI BOOJ1He COBpeME'HHh111 npe11.CTaBJIJ'liOT 6e3)'CJ!OBHlill1l1HTepeC, H8IIp1fME'p HOpMbI, 3aKpenJleHHh!e B CT. 124 rK PCOCP 1964 r. a He- 06xowmOC"IH saK.ln(l'-IeHl1.R HOTap.l13.JIhHO saBepeHHoro 11 nporne)J;!llero ''''_KOBapn_oI5uJeAOJIco/5cTIIeHfIOCTI'rpa>lWlHnoCO"eTCKOMY'1JEDI'A!IH CKOMy:JaKOHQlIaTeJlbGToy.ToM""..l'iall'BOT'-:KOIU\IH'Tal977.C23 'OcHO"...--pa:.tWIHCKO r O:JaKOHO,IiaTe"bClW.O:ioo3aCCPMpecCl\'6JlMK(\'T8.BCCCCP3105.1991W 22111jlcI<3Id_0T03_03_1993J/lBwIoMocn<eH)1MBCCCCP26.061991 N!'26.Cr733 23 
rOCYpcTBeHHYIO pEnf1O COrnallleHHR Me*.1\Y coco6cTBemm.- Kar.rn 0 nOpH,[\Ke I1O.JIb3(IBaHJf 06oc06JIeHHbIMYI nOMell(8HHRMYI JlOMa, KOTOpOe 6YJleT pacnpoCTpaHRTbCR B cJI.Y'lae OT'Iym,neHI1H ;n0.nt1 Ha HOBore coco6cTBeHID1Ka.l(yMaeTCR, llBHHoe npaBt1JIO MOm€'!' 6blTb no- ne3HbIMM cero)\HR. 2.3. nOHs:lTa.1E L-1 CO)J,EP)f(AHL-1E 06Ll1,EVI C06CTBEHHOCTa.1 no rpA>K,lJ,AHCKOMY 3AKOHO,lJ,ATEIlbCTBY POCCf1CKOf1 <I>E,l1EPALI IIepYlo)\ C Koa BO-x YI JlO Koa 90-x rr. npom.noro CTO.n€'!'11H Ha 3bIBa€TCH B JUfTepaType nepJ10)\OM "pecTaBpaql1J1 KaIDITa.JiH3Ma» . B pa3BHTJfI'1 npaBa MOJoKHO BbJ)\eJUfTb .ABa STana, CBH3aHHbie C 113Me- HeHltHMU, IIpOlfCXO)\JlBllmMU B o5ll(ecTBe. IIepBbrl1 STan - cepe,l\J1Ha 80-x - Haqa.no 90-x IT - xapaKT€p1il30BaJlCH nOCTeneHHblMMl1eMOKpa- TJI'-l8CrofMH H3M8HeHHHMK, nOnbrrKar.rn .IBI6epa.Jm:3oBTb COLtlilaJll1CTi1- qecK}'IO npaBOB}'JO CI1C'I"€MY, BTOpo - C Haqa.na 90-x n. - KOpeHHblMi1 t13M8H8HJIHMR B npaBoBo CIiICTeMe, HBJIBllIJofMUCR c..ne;ncTBUeM nepe- XO ar  K KaID1TaJlt13MY. OT l1JIaH(E()Jl K pHHO'IHOH 3KO- HOMlilKe. B pa3mrmu rpam,naHCKoro IIpaBa TaKJoKe Bbl)\eJl.llIOT J\BB STana. IIepBbI - C Cepe,!J;I1Hb! 80-x 110 Haqa.na 90-x n. - xapaKT8J:1f3OBBJICH nocreneHHblM JIOnymeHlfeM pblHO'lHbIX OTHOllleIDI. B 3TOT nept1o,!:( pa3BlfTlilH rpam,naHCKoro 3BKOHo):\aTeJ!bCTBa IIpi1- Hl1MBeTCR 3aKOH «0 c06crneHHOCTIiI B CCCP", KOTOpbli1 YCTamlBJII.f- BaeT, 'ITO B CCCP MOiKeT cJll.\eCTBOBaTb co6cTneJrnocTb COBeTCKIiIX rpam,!\BH, KOJIJIeKTI1BHaH 11 rocy,l\apCTBeHHaH, co6cTBeJrnOCIb 111I0- c-rpaHHbIX roCYMPCTB. MeiKJlYHaP0):\HbIX opro.llH3aqi1ii, JIHOC"IpaHIillX ropl1,QI1"IeCKIiIX JIJ1l.1; t1 rpam,naH, ,I\OII}'CI\aJI0Cb 06"be,!J;I1HeHlile 11M)'ll.\e- CTBa, HaXO,l\Hll(erOCH B c05CTBeHHOCTII rpam,naH, ropt1)\J11.{eCKIiIX JIIiIIJ; J1 rocyMpcTBa, H06pa30BaHYIe HB3TOi10CHOBe cMeIIffiHHbIXopMC06- crneHHOCTIiI BTopoi13Tan B pa3m1TJDf rpam,naHCKoro npaBa, no Bcei1 BI1,Q!iIMO- CTIiI, MO:>KHO CBJ'l3BTb C npl1HJITl1eM 24 ;nexa6pJ'l 1990 r. 11 BBe,neHH8M B Jl8I1CTBJ18 C 1 .RHBapJ'I 1991 r. 3aKOHa «0 o:6c-memror:rn B PCOCP,,2. Poccm1C1OO1 3aKOH H3.PJ'I..Qy C roCYMpM1!€HHoM, M)'HIlqlmaJIbHOi1., 'liIc:ToP"'OTe'>eCT_"ororOC1AapcTBII",npaaa:H"rAKYfbM.F'C_,[E.HoB .I!P,;IIOI1P<\!1,O.III. '1M=Kooa.3'el1'11\.,epepalj.".I\on.M :IICTh,2002.C 247 20co6croeHHOC1"PC<%ICP'3a""HPC<:K:Par24,121990NJ443'11P"Aar24.00,I9Q2.c_.ar 01 071994JllBe.<\o...:.;mCf-\llPC<%ICP"'BCPC<%ICP199O_NJ30_CT_416 24 
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t1 ecnl1 ;na, TO KaKHe I13MeHeHt1H HY:1KHO BHeCTH. 3TH t1CCJIeJJ,OBaHHH t1 n03BO= BbIHBHTb OImCaHHble BbIIlle He;nOCTaTKH. &e;nEfnfenpaBa.fHa06eeoBMHO- rOKBapTHpHbIX ;nOMaX m.IJIO JlHHLtJ1HpoBaHO 1I01DITIfKaMJ1, a He IOpH- CTaMH 11 conpoBOm,l\BJIOCh MHOI'O'iJfCJI8HHblf nBp.1IBMeHTCKIfMH CJIY- rnaHJ.1J'IMH. 30 Mapra 1951 r. 6bIJIO BHeceHO npemK»K8lDle 0 BBe.n;eHHI1 o6efr. co6cTBeHHocTH Ha 06ee "MYeCTBO B MHoroKBapTl1pHOM .n;OMe. ecKtm .n;enapraMeHT nBp.naMeHTa 6blJI npOTl1B 3TOro pewemm, TaK KaK OHO BJIeKJIO 6o.m.lID1e Jl3M8HeHIDI B IIITY, KpOMe Toro, Q:iaK'IU'ieClCn aHa..JlOIU'iHWt pe3YJIbTaT MO:1KHO 6bIJIO IJOJIY'llfTb, uCDJJIb3}'J'I ;npyrne cnoc06bI, MJ1HYH I1HCTIITYT06eif  TeM He MeHee B peayJIbTaTe HaY'llibIX ,W'JCKYCCI1if 6bLID YCTaHOBJIeHO, 'ITO Bce me JIY'illIe BCero noJI:XO)U1T I1HCTJ1TYT 06eif C06cTBeHHOCTlf. C oceHI11955 r. 6h!JIa Ha'IaTa pa3pa6oTKa npoeKTa I13MeHeHJIIH B CKOeynomeID1e, KOTopaH 3aKOH'rnJIaCb B Mae 1957 r. .D;aJIee CJIe;nOBaJU1 MHOlU'llICJI8HHbIe 06cYm,!J;eHJ.1J'I npoeKTa B nap.rl8.MeHTe, 38- K(JlNJIIIlID1eCR B 1959 r. 1I0 J11WaM 06cym,!J;eIDIR npoeKT 6blJI nepepa- 60TaH "BHOBb 06cymAaJICH JOC:M11CCJ'!8i.1: no BelqHbIM npBBBM, nOCJIe'lero 6bJJ!J'! BHeceHbI cyI..II;eCTBeHHbIe J:l3MeH8ID1.II. lIepBoro HHBapJ'I 1965 r. "3- MeHeHI1R B IIITY BCT)'TIWH1 B CHJIY. 3_2_2_ Co6CTBeHHOCTb 1.1 npaBO 06Ll-\.E! co6CTBeHHOCTJ.1 no AE!CTBYlOl1IeMY 3aKOHO,D,aTeJlbCTBY 06Il.\BJ1 co6cmeHHocTb o6pa3yerCJI, ecJllf Y HecKO.JIbKJlX cym.ex- TOBBo.rr;HaBelltb.06Il.\BJ1co6c'!'BeHHoCTbno lllBeifI..\BpCKOMY 38KoHo.n;aTeJIbC'!'BY MO:1KeT 6bITh TOJIhKO ;D;BYX BJ.1JI;OB: ;D;OJIeBaJI co6cTBeJrnocTI, t1 COBMecTHa.H co6crBeHmcn. OcHOBaID1eM BOOlllOOIOBeHl1fI CfJBl'IH.'THOi1 ro6cTBemIoc-rH BbICry- naeT 38XOH J1Jll:I ;D;OroBOp, npl1 OOJ'I3aTeJIbHOM HaJIWlI.111 nwrnoif CM311 Me coc06CTBemHmaMI1. K BM COBMeCTHOIf co6cweIrnocTIf OT- HOCHTCH cJIe,IJyIOilU'Ie 05IllHOCTl1: 05IllHOCTb TOBapoB, 05IllHOCTb HaCJIe,D;- cwa, 06Il.\ecwa, KOMMYHaJlbHaJ'I 06IllHOCTh po.D;CTBeHIDrn:oB, a TBKme OTKpbrroe ToproBOe 11 KOMMaH,IJ;IITHOe TOBapl1Il.\eCTBB. IIpaBO COBMecT- HOM cOOcTIJemrOCI1l ocyIl.\E'CTBJIH 06Il.\ecTBOM B I:[eJIOM. IIpaBo Ka:iK- ;D;Or0I13HaBeIl.\hBI:[eJIOMnOJlJle)Kl1TpeI'J1C'I]J<l.I:[1I1. .D;OJIeBaR c06cmeHHocTb MO:1K8T I303H1!KHyTh 6e3 nJ1Y:Hb!X OTHO- rnemrl1. PernC'Ipl1pyeTCfI npaBO coco6C'rneHmma Ha 'laCTh BeilU'l, npt1 3TOM;D;OJIHyxB3brnaeTCH B aPJI eID1HI1lIBX. llOJIeBble co- C06CTBeHHI1KI1 06pa3ylOT npaBosylO o6Il.\HocTb. .D;OJIeBaR c06cmeHHoCTb - 3TO TaKOH BI1,!J; 05Il.\eH c05cTBeHHocTI1, npl1 KOTOpoM rn ynpaBOMO'IeHHblii MmKeT pacnopHjfiRTbCR 
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1. Ht'06xOp.ltMble .neil(:IBQfi no ynpaBJIeIDno. K ID1M arnocwrcJ'I Bce ..r\eii£:TBJ.1J'l, HeOOxCJl)1MbI8 J:lJI.H I13BJIe'feHJ.1JI IIpJ16N.Jm 113 BeIqH: 11 He.n;o- IJYl1I€RI1fI YXYJJ.illeID1H ee COCTOHHHfI. KpoMe TOro, K 3TOA rpynrre OT- HOCJ'lTCJ'I 06J'13aTeJlbHble C'IJXMf8.JIl>1I MepOnpJ1J'1TJ1f1 ( 647 IIITY), peMoHT, BOCCTaHOBJleHUe rom peKOHC'f'JJYKQI'fII, KOTopble HBJUUOTCJ'I 06J'13aTeJlbHb!M11 J),JIJI HOpMaJIbHOro lOHIfpDBalU1fI BeIqH: 11 no- JI)"-IeHJ1.II I1pItfu.J.m.L IIpl1MepoM .zwyrMX Hecfixo.nmn,Ix .neik:'rBJ.1fi no ynpaBJleHl110 HBJIffiOTCH paC'feT no 11ll000Ke, noxyrnca KopMa .nJliJ. }KI1- BOTHbLX, HB3Ha'IeHl1e npe,n;CTaBI1TeJlJ'l J1 T..D;. 2. Cpoq)Jble.neiJCTatH no ynpaBJleHJ1lO, TOeCTbTe, KaropbJe ,nOJDK- Hbl 6blTb npe,n;!lpWHHTbl He3aMeTeJlbHO, eCJlJII yrpomaeT pl1CK Ha- c"I}'lIJIeHl1Jl y6bITICOB J1JII1 yxy,nweHI1H J1Myi..II;ecTBa, HanpJ1Mep, cpO"l- Hbrn peMoHT KaHa.1IJf3al:(JDL TaKJlle ,neflCTBJUl MOryT npe.nI1pJIHJ1MBTbCH JllOOblM c0c06cTBelnurnoM 3.06bI'lHble,neikTBIIJlnoynpaBJIemno( 647 aIIITY).OHMHalIpaB- JleHbI JlM60 Ha II0JIY'leHl1e npH6wDI OT 06ll.\eH BeIqH:, JlM60 Ha npe,!\ar- Bpall.\eID1e Bpe.na (y6bITROB). 3roLleJleHanpaBJIeHHb!e ..r\eifCTBJIIH, npe,n;- IIpl1ID1MaeMble cocoI5c'metnn1KBMM npM HOpMBJIbHOM T8'IeID1M ..r\eJl, Ha"{{),WITCH B mrrepecax Kam,Iloro 113 IDIX 11 He -rpe6yror oco6eHHbIX paCXQJ:\OB. OHM MOryr OGyl1\8C'IEJI1IT KaM cocc6cTBeHHl1KOM 11.0 Tex nop, I10Ka Wloe He 6Y..r\eT yCT:iHOBJIeHO COrJlalIletrneM CTopOH. 4. BamHble Aei'1('TBJ1fI no ynpaBJIeHl1IO ( 647B IIITY). 3ro nOJle3- Hble J],8ftC'Imm no YIIpaBJleHMiO, He OTHOCHll.\I'18CH K 06bI'ffibIM, :i TalQK8 CTpOJ1T8JIhHbIM MeponplfHTIfHM. ,lLnR: HI1JI Ba>KHbLX Mepo- IIpl1wrl1i1 no ynpaBJIeID1iO He06xo,ll;illYlo KBaJIl(1PJ1QupoBBHHOe 6oJIb- IlIJ1HCTBO ro.rrOCOB coc:dX:TBeHm1KOB. 5. CTponTe.m.Hh18 MeP£I1Pl'ffiTIlR (HanpMMep, C'l'poWf€JIbCTB CJII- CTeMb! LleH'IpaJIbHOro OTOlLJleHMH I1JIM )'C'ffiHCEKa HfffuCJl)1MTQ 060- py,nOBaHJIIH).  Meponr:wmmTalOKenoJlJlemaT ,nJll4Jcpe- peHIPIBlU'll1: - HeOOXOp.l1l\lble C'I'pOU'I'eJIbR€ MepOnpl1J'lTl1J'1. ,lLnR: J1X oCYll.\ecT- BJleHJIIJ'I Heo6x(),lUIMO npJUUITHe pelIleHJII.II  I'OJIOCOB co- c06cTBeHHMKoB JlJ160 pelIleHl1e cy.na B npe.nnpI1tillMaTeJlbCKOH c4Jepe MO,",eT 6blTb YCTaHOBJIeH ,npyroA KBOPYM; - nolJl'3JII.Je - ::rro o&beKTJIIBHO nOJle3HbIe crpOl1TeJlbHble Mepo- npmrnm, peIlHme 06 OCYllJf2CTBJIeHlOI xaropbLX npJIIHl1MaeTCJ'I TalOKe 6o.nbunIllC'l'BOMrOJlOCOB; - pOCKOIIIHhle c1pOI1TeJlbHbIe MepolIpJII.IITJII.II, J),JIJI JIIX oCyi..II;ecTBJIe- HJIIJ'I 'Ip€6y8'I'CJ'I e.n;mIOrJIacHoe pelIleHJlle. .lJ;OJliJ.I1MeeT ,D;I'1CII03JITJ.mHYlOnpJllpo..Qy, a ,nOJIH npl1 co6cmeJrnocorn Ha 'facTI. :HCI1JIoro noMeIl\E'lll1H J1M1IepaTJllBHa Pacxo1J.bl paclIpe,n;eJUI- 56 
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13. BaCbKOBCKJIft RB. Y..e5HI1K rpa>KJJ.aHCKOro npaBa: BeI1tHoe npaBo. BbIn. 2 / CIl6.: 1013.1\. IOpM,It KH. MaI'a3HHa HK MapTb!HOBa, 1896. 190c. 14. Bep6111..tKaH ro.0. HrnoMMep<lecKl18 KOpnOpaTI1BHble H ymlTap- Hble opra1U13aWlI1 B npoeKTe  KO.I\eKCa PcI:> / / I'pam- .l\aHcKoe npaBo. 2011. N91. C. 23-28- 15. fapcl1B fappl1.I\o M. X. PI1MCKOe 'iaCTHOe npaBO: :Ka3yCbI, HCRY!, I1HCTI1TJTbI / OTB. pe.n;. JI.JI. KocpaHoB. M.: CTaTyr, 2005. 467 c. 16. fpaaHcKI1i1 KO.1\eKC PC4JCP: yra. BC PCP 11.06.1964 (Y-rpaTl1JIcI1JIYc l.mrnapH200B ro.l\a BCBH3I1CIIpl1H.1ITI18M.I\epa.JIb- HOro 3aKOHa OT 18.12.2006 .NQ 231-4>3) / /  BC PC4JCP. 1964 .NQ24 CT.407. 17. fpam,!lBHCKOe npaoo: aKT)'BJlbHbIe npo6.neMbI TeopIDI H npaKTI1- 101 / no.l\ 0511\- pe)l BA EenoBa. M.: I13.11-BO «lOpat1:T", 2009. 993 c. 18. fpl1WaeB en IIp06J1eMblocYI.J.J;ecTBJleID1H npaBa 06I.J.J;e:i1: ,[(OJ1e- Boi1: co6cTBeHHocTY! Ha He,QBJ1./KJ'1MC€ HM)'IlreCTBO / / ITOlD'OTQBJleH lIJIH CI1CTeMbI KOHcYJlbTaHTIlmoc, 2005. 19.1IaBI1.1\ P., .H\ocppe-CID1H0311 K OmOBHbI8 npaBOBbIe CJlCTeMbI cOBpeMeHHOCTI1 / IIep. C CPPBHQ. M: M8Hl:.I\YHap. OTHOIII8mUI, 1996. 400c. 20.JtoroBopHOenpaao.1\.Irn:ra nepBBH: 05I.J.J;118n/ MJ1. Epa- I11HCKJo1ii, BE. B1T1pHHCKIDL M.. CTaTyr, 2011. 847 c. 21.:EpomeHliO A.A. JIWlHaR co6cTBeHHocTb B CIiOM IIpaBe. M.: IOpI1.I\. JD1T., 1973. 208 c. 22.JKa.1ll1HCKl1ftA.3., Pepl1XT A.A.BBe.1\eHl1eBHeMeoenpaBo. M.: CnapK, 2001. 767 c. 23. 311MeneBa ME. 06lWlH cdX.-rBemIocTb C COO8TCKOM rpam,QaH- cKoMnpaBe. qacTh nepBBH/ / BeCTHl1Krpa1K..QaHCKOronpaaa.M: 000 «J13.I\BT..I\OM B. EMS", 2009. T. 9. N9 4. e. 198-234. 24. 30M P.I1HC'I11'I)'WfI1: BhIIl 1: J1cropl1H pl1MCKOro npaBa / nep. c 12 HeM. .113.1\. fA EapKOBCKOro, 1908; BbIn 2. CI1CTeMS pl1MCKOro IIpaaa / IIep. C 13 HeM..I13.1\. f. A. EapKOBCKOro, 1910. Y..e6H!1K I1CTOpIDII1 CI1CTeMh! pI1MCKoromTOnpaaa. BbIn 1-2 / 3oMP.CII6.. HltMap1'bIHOB, 190B.659c. 25. J1CTOpl1H OTe'lecTBeHHOCO rocy,ltapCTBa H npaBa: }"Ie6HJ.oc q. 2 / K:yrhl1Ha fA, MynyxaeB P.e., HOBmtKBR T.R, POro}fOO1H AM., H ,[(p.; IIO.l\. pe,lt. cTHKoBa 0.11. 3-e .113.1\., nepepa6. H ,[(Oil. M' IOpI1CT. 2003. 544c. 112 
26. KaJIMhIKOB lOX. MMYIl\eCTBeHHble npaBa COBeTCKl'IX rpa*.naH. CapaToB' J13,!\-BO cry, 1979. 159 c. 27 JImnnIKOBa H IIpaBoHHofI nOKyrucl1 / / Co1tJ1a- JD«:'IWI8CI\aH3aKOHHOCTb.19S1. N2 8. C. 29-30. 28. :M:apKOBa M r. IIoHHTl1e JIIco.n;epmaHl1enpaBa06l1.\ei1 c06cTBeH- Hocm / / O-J.epKl1 no  npaBY. C6. CT. JI.: J13,!\-BO JIry, 1957. C. 79-92. 29. MaHamroBa P.II. IIpaBOOTHoweHl1e o611.\el1 .l\OJIeBOH c06cTBeH- HOCTI1 rpam,zI.aH no COBeTCKOIIf)' rpam,naHCKOM)' 3aKOHO,lJ;aTeJIbCTBY. TOMCK.: J13,!\-BO Try, 1977. 363 c. 30. MaCJlOB B.<P. BonpocbI 06l1.\eii c06cTBeHHoCTJII B CY.l\e6H0I1 npaK- nme. M: rOClOpJl3,1¥lT, 1963. 148 c. 31. Meifep JJ;.J1. PycCKoe rpam,llBHCKOe npaBo: 'tlTeID:!H, 113JIBHHbIe no 3alll1CKBM CJIYllIBTeJleif / no.n; peA AM. BMqblH8., AX rQJlbMCTeH. 8-el13):\., I1cnp.I111on CII6.: ThmJJ;.B. YlI, 1902. 730c. 32. MypoMu;eB C.  npaBO JJ:peBHero Pi1Ma: JIeKu;J1l1 / M.. Thm AM. MaMOHTUBa 11 Ro, 1883. 733 c. 33. HeBOJIl1H K. ITOJIHOe c06paHl1e CO'lJIIHeHItH: J1CTOpl1R poccl1lii- CKI1X rpa)K,11aHCKI1X 3aKOHOB. q. 2. KHI1ra BTopaH 06 JIIMYIl\eCTBax: PB3- }J.eJI nepBblli 06 t1MYl1.\ecTBax Bo0611.\e 11 pa3}J.eJl BTOpOi1: 0 npaBax Ha Bell\l1. T. 4. CII6.: TJrn. a IIpau,a, 1857.460 c. 34.HOBItu;Klrli:J1B.f'IDlcKOenpaBO / arB. pe,l\.CyxaHOBE.AM. TEJiIC, r)'MaHl1TapHOe 3HaID1e, 1996.246 c. 35. 06 yrBep)K)leH(1H OCHOB rpIDK1I8HcmIU 3aKOHODaTellbC'TBa Cmma CCP H COlO3HblX pecny6ffi1K (BMecTe c ClCHOBaMH 3aIlDIJOlIifi"eIlbCTBa): 3aKOH CCCP OT 08.12.196111 Be,lJ;oMoCTI1 BC CCCP 1961. N2 50. CT. 525. 36. OcHOBbl I]JIDKilllHCKOro 3aKOHo.aaTellbITBa COlO3a ecp H pecny6mm (yra. BC CCCP 31.05.1991 N22211-1) (YTpaTIfJI CWIYC 1 HllBapH 2008 rO,lJ;a Ha TeppJIITopl1l1 Poccm1cKa1: J\epa'-\illl1 B CBH3J11 C npJIIHHTJII8M J\epaJlbHoro 3aKOHa OT 1812.2006 N223143) /1 Be.I\oMoc'rIICHlI 11 BC CCCP. 26.06.1991. N2 26. CT. 733 37 0 Co6cTBeHHOCTJII B PC<t>CP: 3aKOH PC<t>CP OT 2412.1990 N2 443-1 (pe.n;. OT 24.06.1992, C 113M. OT 01.07.1994) (YTpaTItJ1 cl1JIY B CBH311 C npJIIHJITl1eM q,eAepBJIbHoro 3BKOHa OT 30.11.1994 N2 52-cfI3) / / Be,llCMOC'n1 CHlI PC<t>CP 11 BC PC<t>CP. 1990. N2 30. CT. 416. 38.lIaxcMJBa H.H. IIpaBo 06l1.\el1 C06CTBeHHOCTU. ABTOPe<P. }J.I1C... KaH.!\. lOpJII,Q. HayK EKaTepHH6ypr, 1995. 19 c. 113 
39.lIOOeJ:\oHocLteB K Kypc npaBa: Bar'lHHHhlenpa- Ba. q. 1. CII6.: CIlliO.I\- TIm, 1896. 767 c. 40. CaBeJiheB BA.  KO,!J;eKC fepMaHm1. Hcroplm. CYI- CTeMa, HHCnfiYl'bl. M: IOpYlCTb, 1994.96 c. 41. CaMoi1J10Ba M.B. 0 nOHHTIHf .I\OJlYl B npaBe 06ll.\ei1.I\oJl€Boi1 co6cTBeHHOCTIf / / Bonpochl pa3BI1TI1H 11 3all.\I1ThI npaB rpa)f{,!\aH 11 C01.1;VJ8J1I1CTM'I€ClmX OpraHl13a1.1;I.1i1. MemBY30BcKMi1 TeMaTM'I€CKMi1 C60PHI1K. Kamnnrn: J13,!\-BO KaJlI1H. YH-Ta, 1978. C. 43-49- 42. C>f)J;opeHKoAJ(, qecppaHoBa E.A. Oc068HHOCTI1 npaBoBoro pe- :mY/Me. o6n.Ieii,l\OJlE'BOii c06cTBeHHocTY/ Ha 06ll.\ee I1Myrn;eCTBO B MHoro- KBapn1pHoM .I\OMe / / lKYJJIJ1J.IJ;HOe npaBO. M.: J1HT€JI-CI1HTea, 2004, N2 4. C. 8-22. 43. CKJIOBCIOOt KJ1. IIpl1MeH8Hl1e rpaHcKoro 3BKOHo.n;aTeJIh- CTBa 0 Co6cTBeHHOCTl111 BJIa,leHIIH.. IIpaETJI'lE'CRHe BonpochL M.: CTa- 'Iyr,2004.365c. 44. Tarai1B3apoB III 06ll.\aH .I\OJIeBaJi co6cTBeHHOCTh B COBE"I"CKOM rp8)K,I:IBHCIroM npaBe. ;l{ywaH6e, 1966. 219 c. 45. TaHara A. H IIpllliwm cB06o.I\hl.I\oroBopa B rpam,n;aHcKoM npa- Be POCCI1VJ: .I\I1C..n KaH,!J;. ropYI,Q. HayK M: prE, 2003. 229 c. 46. YPYKOB B.H. BoJUi 11 BOJI€113'bJlBJIeHI1e - CYll.\eCTBeHHhle yc- JlOB>UI rpaHtJl8HCKo-npaBOBoro AorOBopa / / HaJlorl1. 2010. N2 27. C.25-30. 47. cfIoKOB An. IIpo6JIeMhI npaBa o6lL\ei1 Co6cTBeHHOCTI1: Teope- TWJeCKI1e YI npaK'lWH'CKI1e aCneKThl: ,lU1C. ... ,lI-pa ropI1,ll.. Ha:yK. PJl3BHh, 2003. 336c 48. Xanqnrna P.G. IIpaBo .IDl'lHoi1 roficTBeHHocTIr COBeTCroIX rpam- .I\aH.M: rocropI13,!\BT, 1961.95 c. 49. XpeCTOMaTl1H no I1CTOpl111 OTe'leCTBeHHoro rOCYAapcTBa YI npaBa. 1917-1991 IT. / nOA pe.n;. 0.11. CT.HKOBa M: 3epLlaJlo. 1997. 592 c. 50. Allgemeines btirgerliches G€setzbuch fUr die gesamten deutschen Erbliinder der Osterreichischen Monarchie vom 1. Juni IB11 JGS N2 946/1Blllnkrafttretcn am 1. Janner IB12 51. Biirgerliches G€setzbuch Bundesrepublik Deutschland vom lB. August IB96 RGBI. S. 195 Inkrafttreten am I. Januar 1900. 52. ScIw.elzensches ZIVllgesetzbuch vom 10. Dezember 1901 SR 210 Inkrafttreten ami. Januar 1912. 114 
53. Bundesgesetzvom 30. Marz 1911 betreffend dieErgiinzung des Schweizenschen Zivilgesetzbuches (FiinfterTeu. Obligationenrecht) SR 220 Inkraftretenam 1. Januar 1912. 54. Bundesrepublik Deutschland G€setz iiber das Wohnungsei- gentum und das Dauerwohnrecht vom 15. Marz 1951 (BGBI. I S. 175, 209). 55. Bundesgesetz Republik 6sterreich iiber das Wohnungseigen- turn 2002. StF. BGBL I Nr. 70/2002. 56. Baur F., Stiirner R Sachenrecht. 18., neu bearbeitete Auflage. Verlag C.H Beck Miinchen, 2009. 1085 s 57. Binder M. Sachenrecht. Theorieundsystematischaufbereitete OGE-Fiille. Wien: VerI. Ostereich, 2003. 552 s 58. Brauneder W. Osterreichs Aligemeines Biirgerliches G€setz- buch (ABGB) 2. Auflage, Bd. 1, Berhn: Duncker & Eumblo, 2011. 302s. 59. Grziwotz H., Keukenschrijver A., Ring G. BGB Sachenrechtll Kommentar. Band 3:  854-1296. Auflage 2. 2008. 2030 s. 60. Feil E. Miteigentum: Eine systematische Darstellung ffir die Praxis. - Wien: Linde, 1997.112 s. 61. FloBmann U. OsterreichlSche Privatrechto;gesclnchte. Sechste, aktualislerte Auflage. Springer Wien; New York, 2008. 384 s. 62. Jener K. Ausgewiihlte Probleme bei Entstehung, Ubertragtmg und Belastung von Miteigentumsanteilen Wiirzburg, 2006. 196 s. 63. Klein-Bruckschwmger F.150 Jahre osterreichlsches ABGB II Jrnistenzeitung. 1963. N21B. S. 739-742. 64. KreiUmayr R. Arunerkungen iiber den Codicem Maximil- laneun bavaricwn civilem II. Teil. Miinchen, 1821.1080 s. 65. Musielak H.J. Grundkurs BGB: eine Darstellung zur Vennit- tlung von Grundlagenwissen im biirgerhchen Recht rm Fiillen und Fragen zur Lem- und Verstiindruskontrolle sowie mit Ubungsklau- suren Grundkurs BGB 12. Auf!. Milncben: Beck, 2011. 613 s. 66. Onniker M pfandrecht und Zwangsvdl<medung bel Mlteigentum und Stockwerlrelgentum Bern: Stampfli. 1972. S. 26. 67. Palandto. Burgerhches G€setzbuch. KorrunentarmitNebeng- esetzen, 70. Auflage, Miinchen: BECK, 2011 3085 s. 68. PrUtting H., WegenG., Wemrelch G. BGB. Korrunentar. 6. Auf!. Koln. Luchterhand, 2011.3611 s. 
69. Priittmg H. Sachenrecht Junstlsche Kurz-Lehrbiicher. 34. Auf!.7 Verlag en Beck Miinchen. 2010. 411 s. 70. Rebmann K., Sacker F., Rixecker R. Miinchener Korrunentar zum Biirgerlichen Gesetzbuch. 5. Auf!. Miinchen: BECK, 2010. 1841 s. 71. Rey H. DieGrundlagen des Sachenrechts und Eigentum 3erg. und iiberarbeit. Auf!. Bern: Stiimpfli. 2007. 630 s 72. Schlosser H. Grundziige der Neueren Privatrechtsgeschichte: RechLsentwicklungenimeuropalSchenKontext.lO. Aufl. Heidelberg: Miiller, 2005. 316s. 73. Schmoeckel M, Ri1ckert J., Zirrunermann R. Historisch-kri- tischer Kommentar zwn BGH Band I. Allgemeiner Teil  1-240. Tubingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2003. 589 s. 74. Schneider H Das schweizerische Mitelgentumsrecht Bern: Stampfli. 1973. 282 s. 75. Schnorr R. Die Gemeinschaft oach Bruchtellen ( 741-758 BGB).Tiibingen: Mohr Slebeck, 2004. 450 s. 76. Tuor E, Schnyder H, Schmid J., Rumo-Jungo A. Das Sch- weizerische Zivilgesetzbuch.13. Auf!.j auf Grund der 12. AufL (2002) neu bearb. und erg. ZUrich: Schulthess, 2009. 1315 s. 77. Tschfitscher J. WEG 2002-Handbuch flirdie Praris. Wien: VerI. Osten-ich, 2003. 203 s. 78. VOIzmann A. Das Miteigentum als wesensverwandtes zwn Alleineigentum und dessen Erlangung vom Nichtberechtigten. RP- fleger. H2. 2005. S. 64-70. 79. Wilhelm J. Sachenrecht. 4., v611lg, neu, bearbeltete Auflage. Berlin: DeGruyter. 1064 s. 80. Wieacker F. Privatrechtsgeschichte der Neuzelt unter beson- derer Beriicksichtigung der deutschen Entwicklung. 2. unverand. Nachdr. der 2., neubearb. Auf!. von 1967,13. - 14. Tsd. GOttingen: Vandenhoeck &Ruprecht. 1996.659 s. 81. Ziehensack H. Die Aufhebung der Eigentumsgemeinschaft unter besonderer Beriicksichtigung des Liegenschaftsrechts und der RealteilunginFormder Begriindungvon Wohnungseigentum Wien: Manz, 1998. 373 s. 116 
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