A. C. CKPHflKJ1H


HI1JKHEE
flOBOJlJKbE
B nEPBbIE BEKA
HAillEf1 3Pbl


nOLi. pe,l.(. KaH,l.(. MCT. HaYK. M. I
. MomKOBOH


H3D.ATEJIbCTBO CAPATOBCKoro YHHBEPCHTETA
1984




902.6
C 454
HUJlCHee fl080llJICbe 8 IV 8. 00 H. 3.- IV B. H_ :-I. HllCCAHAU MHOc?OlfUClleH-
HfJle UpaHOR3bllfHble nlleMeHa. AHTU'iHble UCTOPUKU H1l3lJUHIAU UX CapMaTaMU.
I<.aK aKTU8Ha.R nOllUTU4eCKaR CUlla 8 e8pa3UUCKUX CrenJIX, capMaTbl OKa3bl8a-
AU 3Ha4UTeAbHoe 8llUflHue Ha pa38UTue UCTupU4eCKUX npOl{eCCO{l 8 Ce8epHOM
II putlepHoMopbe, Ha Ka8Ka3e, B CpeoHeii A3UU- B KHU2e HLJ OCH08e aHaAuaa
apxeollo2u4ecKux 1.1 nUCbMeHHblX UCT04HUKOB paccMaTpuBaloTcH flonpnCbl xpo-
HOJlOc?UU, 3THU ' ieCKOU npUHaaAeJICHOCTU 1.1 npouCXOJICOeHUR flo3dHecapMaTcKou
KYAfJTypbl (II -I V {HI. H. 3.). H CTOpUll capJrlaTOB H UJICHe20 fIoBOll:JICbR 3T020
opeMeHU U:lAa2aeTCR Ita UlllpOKOM q)(JHe llCTopU4eCKUX CU6hlTUU 1020-80CT04-
HOU E'BpOflbl.
JI.Afl Cnel{U(JAUCT08-UL TOpUK08. cTydeHToB UCTopU4eCKUX fjJaKYllbTeTOB 8Y308;
KpaeBcdoB 1.1 (lCCX UHTepeCYIOU{uXC51 BonpocaMU opeBHeu UCTOpUU.
,
HCTOPHSI HCCJlEAOBAHHSl
nOA3HECAPMATCKHX APEBHOCTEn
Peu.eH3eHTbI: KaH.lI. HCT. HaYK B. n III UAOB,
KaH)J.. HCT. HaYK E. R. ill HaliJJuITeUH.
B PYCCKOH I1CTOpH4eCKOH HaYKe HHTepee K CapMaT3M 3apO-
lIJIJICH erne B XVIII B. BnJlOTb lI.0 KOHua XIX.- Ha4aJIa XX BB.
e04I1HeHHH, KacalOlilHeCH HCTOpl1H capMaTcKHx nJIeMeH, HBJIH-
JIHCb WTYllHHMI1 CBI1,neTeJIbC1'B aHTH4HbiX aBTopoB. K 3TOMY
BpeMeHI1 6wJI HaKOTIJIeH 3Ha411TeJIbHWH onWT aHaJIH3a nHCbMeH-
HbIX I1CTOL(HI1KOB, ObIJIa pa3pa60TaHa TeOpHfJ HpaHOH3bI4HOCTH
capMaToB, nOCJIY*HBllIaH 60JIee yrJIy6JIeHHoMY 113Y4eHI11O I1X
!1CTOPHH I. O.ll.HaKO BO Bcex npe)].llIecTBYIOlIJ.I1X I1CCJIe)].OBaHHHX
BbIna)].aJIO Ba)KHOe 3BeHO - MaTepHaJIbHbIe naMHTHI1KH capMaT-
CKOH KY"TJbTypbI.
CaM XO.lI. pa3BI1TI151 HCTOpl14eCKI1X 3HaHHH 0 capMaTax CTaBHJI
Ha nOBecTKY 1I.HH Bonpoc 06 apXeOJIOfl14eCKHX I1CCJIe,lI,OBaHI1HX
HX )].peBHocTeii. HeKoTopoe OTCTaBaHHe B pacKonKax capMaT-
CKHX naMHTHHKOB B TO BpeMH 06'bHCHHeTCH nOBbIweHHbIM I1HTe-
peCOM apxeOJIOrOB K 60raTbIM CKHCKI1M KypraHaM 11 aHTI14HbIM
naMS1THHKaM CeBepHoro npl14epHOMopbH. 11 JIHlUb 6JIarOJJ.apH
MaCCOBbIM paCKonKaM H. l'L BeCeJIOBCKOro H3 Ky6aHH 2 11 B. A. fo-
0507000000
C 52 - 84
176(02)-84
@ yl3.l1.aTeJIbCTBO CapaTORl'Koro Y"HIWpCHTl'Ta. 1984 r.
I CM.: CMUpflOR K. CPo CaBpOMaTbI. PaHH5HI HCTOpHH H Ky.nbTypa CapMaTOB.
l\\., 1964, c. 5-8.
2 CM.: BeCelloBcKutl H. H. KypraHbI Ky6aHcKoH 06JIaCTH B nepHO.LI. PHM-
CKOrO BJIa.n.bI1.IeCTB3 Ha CeBepHOM KaBKa3e. -- Tp. / XI I Apxeo.norH1.IeCKHH Cbe3]1,
(D.aJIee AC). M.., 1905, T. I, c. 341-373.
3

pOJIJ.OBa H3 YKpaHHe 3 B PYKH HCCJIeJJ.OBaTeJ1ei nonaJl 60JlbllIOH
apXeO.J10fH4CCKHH MaTCpHaiI, OCBew.alOUJ.HH MHOrOBeKOBYIO HCTO-
PHl{) CapMaTOB.
rlepBbIC HaXO,lI.KH npeJJ.MeTOB M3TCpHaJIblHJH KYJIbTYPbI n0311-
HHX Capl\1aTOB B HMlKHeM [JOBO.Tl>Kbe CBS133Hbl C XHI1l.HH4eCKHMH
paCKonKaMH. B JIY4111eM CJIY4ae HX BeJIH .J1.HIa MaJIO K 3TOMY
nOJlrOTOBJIeHHble. OT )].eJ1bHbIe npeJJ.MeTbl paCKonOK nocTynH.TlH
B PallHw.eBCKHH MY3eH B CapaTOBe HJIH 6bl.1JH npl106peTeHbI
ApXeOJIOrH4eCKOM KOMMCCHeH H TaKUM 06pa30M coxpaHeHbI,
60JIbWaH )Ke 4aCTb npona.n:a 6eCCJ1eJJ.Ho 4 . IlJl1pOKYIO H3BeCT-
HOCTb no.n:Y4HJIH H3XOJI.KH 113 paCKonOK xypraHoB Y KO.HOHHH
IIoBaH HopKa, 6.TIH3 c.no60LlbI KOTOBOH H JIepeBHH Wep6aKOBKH 5 .
4aC1'bIe coo6w.eHHH 0 HaXO,lJ.KaX )].peBHHX BelueH B Me}KJI.Y-
pe4be BOJIrH H LlOHa no6YHJIH H3BeCTHoro pYCCKoro apxeOJIora
A. A. CnHI.I.bIHa 06CJIe)].OBaTb 31'01' pailOH. B 1895 r. CnH-
llbiH paCKOnaJI 18 KypraHoB B BepXOBb5IX peKH l1.nOBJlH Ha Tep-
pHTOpHH 6blBlllero KaMblll1HHCKOro ye3)].3 CapaToBcKoii ry6ep-
HHH OKO.rIO I-IOBOH HOPKH, ryceJIKH H CTaHLI.HI1 JIe6HJKbeH. WecTb
l<ypraHoB HM 6bI.J10 pacKonaHo OK0J10 c. MaweBKH H3 peKe
ApKaJJ.aK, npHTOKe Xonpa 6 . PaCKonKH CnHIJ.bIHa HMeJIH 60JIb-
Uloe HaYt-IHOe 3HaLJeHHe., OHH nOJlOJKHJIH Haqa.TIO HCCJIe)].oBa-
HHIO capMaTCKHx naMHTHHKOB HHJKHerO nOBOJIJKbH, ycnewHo
np0.l1.o.TI)KeHHbIX B nocJ1eJJ.YIOw.ee BpeM51.
HeCMOTpH Bel He3Ha4HTeJIbHblH MaTepHaJI, A. A. Cnl1IJ.bIH Bnep-
BbIe BbI)].e.TII1JI )J,.TIH TeppHTopHH CapaTOBCKOH ry6eptH1H na1'\'1HT-
HHKH Cap1'\'iaTCKOro BpeMeHH 7 . Ilorpe6eHH51 OKono lV\aweBKH Ii
J1e6HbeH B rJIy60KHX rpYHTOBbIX HMax C ceBepHOH opHeHTH-
pOKOH KOCTHKOB 11 JI.eQ:>opMHpOBaHHbIMH '-IepenaMH, npH KOTOpbIX
HaH)].eHbI rJ1HHHHbIe MHCKH C 6apaHbHMI1 KOCT5IMH, MaJIeHbKHe
3epKaJIbLl.3 H q.H16y.HbI, OB .n.aTI1pOBaJI II-III BB. H. 3. K 60JIee
n03Jl.HeMY BpeMeHH 111\'1 6bIJIH OTHeceHbI KypraHbI, paCKonaHHble
6JIH3 I-IoBoH HOpKH 8 . A. A. CI1HlJ.bIH YKa3bIBaJI Ha 6.;lH30CTb
OOBOJ1)KCKHX norpe6eHHH C )].ecpopMHpOBaHHbIMH 4epenal\rlH C
norpe6eHHHMH CeBepHoro KaBKa3a, H3BeCTHbIX Tor)].a no pac-
KonKaM A. A. Do6pHHCKoro 6JIH3 rp03Horo 9 .
CnUH HHfAe CneUHaJIbHO He pa3pa6aTWBaJi Bonpoc KYJIb-
TypHOH npHHa.n..nC)KHOCTH H xpOHo.norHH OTKpbITbIX HIM norpe6eHHH,
o.n.HaKO YJKe 3TH KpaTKHe ny6JIHKau.HH MO)KHO C4HTaTb nepBbIM
OTIHC3HHeM n03JJ.HecapMaTCKHX norpe6eHHH B HMJKHeM 00-
BOTI)Kbe C HX xapaKTepHbIMH aTpH6YTaMH. LI.OBOJIbHO T01JHO,
3a HCKJIIOIIeHHeM HOpKHHCKHX norpe6eHHH, 11M 6hI.JIH onpe)J.e.neHbI
XpOHOJIOrHQeCKHC paMKH norpe6eHHH C ,El.eq,opMHpOB3HHbiMH
qepenaMH.
K 1900-1905 rr. OTHOC51TCH CBeJI.eHHH 0 pacKonKax K)'pra-
HOB Ha l1JIOB.ne B paHOHe c.JI060.n.bJ ryceBKH Ii MHlliKHHOH OpH-
CTaHH fl. Il. rpeKOBbIM 10 . B ny6J1HKau.UH OrIHC3HHe paCKonaH-
HbIX norpe6eHHH JI.aHO BeCbM8 CK Y .II.HO TaK)Ke KaK H B HMelO-
II '
w.eMCH pyonHcHOM OT4eTe . TO.HbKO no pHCYHKaM BelueH pH)].
norpe6:HHH H3 3THX paCKonOK MO)KHO OTHeCTH K n03.lI.HeC3 p-
MaTCKOH Ky.nbType.
EI11.e O.lIJIO n03.lI.HeCapMaTCKoe norpe6eHHe C HHTepeCHbIM Ha-
60pOM BelueH ObIJIO paCKonaHO fl. 5epaueM Ha peKe' DOJlbWOH
KapaMaH y C. repllor B 1912-1913 rr. 12 .
3THM c06cTBeHHo H orpaHH4HBaJIC51 B Jl,OpeBo.JlIOI.U10HHOe
BpeM5I HeCb H3BecTHbIl1 apXeOJIOflP-IeCKHH M3TepH3.TI no n03JlHe-
capMaTCKOH Ky.JIbType I-iH}i(Hero DOBOJ])KbH. -
DOJIbllIOe 3HaqeHHe nH H3Y4eHHH H nOHHM8HHH capMaTcKHx
naM51THHKOB HHJKHerO OOBOJ])KbH HIvle.J1H pacKonKH .H. 11. Be-
CeJIOBCKOro H3 Ky6aHH, MaTepHaJ1bI KOTOpbIX cblrpa.nH B .n.a.JIb-
HeHIl1eM 3Ha4HTeJlbH u YIO pOJIb B OnpelleJ1eHHH xpOHo.nOfHH cap-
Ma1'CKHX norPue6eHHH HH}KHerO OOBOJI)KbH H KYJIbTypHbIX B3a-
HMOOTHoweHHH capM3ToB OOBOJI}KbH C Ky6aHblO. CaM Hcc.neJJ.o-
BaTeJ1b 01llH60lJHO npHnHCbIBaJI OTKpbITbIe HM naM5ITHHKH PHM-
JIHHaM 13.
8 OAK 3a 1895 r., c. 31-32.
9 CM.: TaM >Ke, c. 32.
10 CM.: Cnut{blH A. A. PaCKOnKI1 6.n113 CJl06. ryceBKI1 Llapl1Il.bIHCKOro ye3.fLa.---
3anHCKH OTJI.e,n:eHHH PYCCKOH H CJIaBHHCKOH apXeOJIOrHH I1Mnep;;:tTopCKoro pyc-
CKoro apXeOJIOrHqeCKOrO 06111eCTBa. Cn6., 1907, T. VII, BbIn. 2, c. 226--231;
---- Tp./OT.fL. CJIaBHHCKOH H PYCCKOH apXeOJI0rHH. Cn6., 1901, c. 295-299.
 CM.: ApXB J.OI1A, <p. 1, .fL. 280.
Rau P. Ole Hugelgraber r6mischer Zeit an der unteren Wolga. Pokrowsk,
1927, S. 7--10.
13
CM.: BeceA08CKUU H. J1. !Ka3. COq., c. 341-373.
3 CM.: rOpOdl{Of3 B. A. Pe3YJIbTaTbI apXeOJIOfnqeCKHX Hcr.Tlen.OBaHHH B 113JOM-
CK OM ye3.fLp. XapbKOBCKOH ry6epHHH.-- Tp.j XII AC, M., 1905, T. I; OH JlCe. Pe3YJJb-
TaTbl apXeOJIOrlfLfeCKHx HCCJIe.n.oBaHHf1 B baxMYTcKOM ye3Jl,e EKaTepHHOCJIaBCKOi
ry6epHHH.-- Tp.jXIV AC. M., 1907, T. I.
4 CM.: MUHX A. H. I1CTopHKO-re?rpa<pHLJeCI{HH CJIOBaph CapaToHcKoli ry6ep-
HH. CapaToB, 1900, T. I, BblfI. 2, c. 332, 1901, T. 1, BbIn. 3, c. 882; CnUl{bIH A. A.
()oo3peHHe HeKoTopbIX ry6eplu-Ii H 06.naCTeH POCCHH B apXeOJIOrH4ecKoM OTHorne-
HHH. CapaToBcKaH ry6epHHH.-- B KH.: 3anHcKH PyccKoro apXeOJIOrH4eCKoro
06rn.cTBa (Jl,aJIee 3PAO). Cn6, 1896, T. 8, BbIn. 1, 2, c. 141 154.
:J CM.: BepxuH H. ll. a Tpex U3XO.LI.Kax n03.lI.HeCapM3TcKoro npeMcHH B l-hDK-
HeM nOBO}Kbe.- B KH.: ApXeOJIOrHll€CKHH C60PHHK focy,n,apcTBeHHoro 3pMHTa-
Ma. J1., .N2 1, c. 141-- 153.
fj CM.: Or4eT ApXeOJIOrH4eCKoH KOMHCCHH 3a lR95 L (tLa.nee OA K). CnD,
1897, c. 30--33; APXHB J1eHHHrpa.lI.CKOrO OT.lI.e,neHIUI YlHcTHTYTa apXeOJIOrHH
AH CCCP (JJ,aJIee .TI0I1A), )1. .N2 79.
, CM.: CnUl{btfl A. A. YKa3. COLI., c. 143-144.
4
5

l1TorH pa3BHTHH capMaTCKOH apxeOJIOrl1H B .1I. O peBOJIlOlJ.}10HHoe
BpeMH 6blJIH nOJI.BejI,eHbJ B TPY)].3X N\. }II. POCTOBueBa i4 . B3rJIH-
,.Qbl POCTOBiJ.eB3 He pa3 paCCMaTpHBaJIHCb Ha CTpaHHuax HaUleH
HCTOpl1qeCKOii JIHTepaTYPbI 15 . Heo6xoJJJ1MO OTMeTHTb JIHlllb, liTO
60JIee nO.ILP06HYIO xapaKTepHcTHK)' B CBOHX pa6oT3x UH .lI.aeT
paHHHM capMa1'aM, 1.JTO 6biJIO o6yc.noB.J1eHo pacKolIKaMH B OpeH-
6yprcKoH ry6epHHH B pa;1oHe ceJI flpoxopoBKH H nOKpOBKI1.
B HI1)KHeM nOBOJI)Kb€ M. 11. POCTOBl(eR Ha3blsaeT H3XO.QKH,
HMelOllI.He CXOLlCTBO C sernaMH 113 Ky6aHcKHX KvpraHOB, B pHJe
c.nY4aeB YT04HHH J1X JI.aTHpOBKY. 11 Ky6aHCKte II nOBOJ!)KCKHe
KypraHbI, no ero MHeHHIO, npHHa,llJIe)K3JHi capMaT3M. l\o H. Poc-
TOBu,eB C4HTaJ1 CapI''/13TOB i1paHu.a.MH gbIXOLt3 MH H3 eI-lTpaJIb-
HOH A3HH4i KOTopble BOJIH3MH npOlI.BHraJIHCb B -HHJKHee 11oBoJI)Khe
H )1.aJIee Ha 3anaJ]., no,r{t-UfHHH MeCTHbIe HJleM€H3.
0606maIDllJJiMI1 pa6oT3MH l\t\. 1'1. PocToBneB3 :, aaH4HBa-
eTCH oeDBwA 3Tan HccneOBaHHA caDaTCKHX nDeBHOCTe.
.II JI..u.. d
ilo6bITbIH B J1.0peSOJHOUHOHHoe BpeMH a pxeO/iOfHytC.KHii MaTe-
H1aJI HOCHJI elile <pparMeHTapHbH1 xapaKTep, de;l,CCTaTOIIHbIH
.l1}IH 60JIee HJIM MeHee nO.HHbIX MCTopH4eCKHX BblBOLlOB IlepBo-
04epeJJ.HOH 33.n.aQeH )r.{aJ1bHeHlliI1X HCCJIe)J,oB3Hl1li CTaJIO npo-
Be,L{€HHe HOBbIX paCKOHOK.
BTOpOH 3Tan B H3Yl{eHHH capMaTOB HaqHHaeTH C .lJ,Ba)]'LI.aTbIX
rOJI.OB H 3aK3I-p.IHBaeTC5I (' Haqa.J10M Be.nHKnii OTeqecTBeHHOH
ROHHbI. Cnoe HaYQHOe o6061ueHHe OH HalUeJl Y>Ke B nOCJ1eBOeH-
Hbie rO.II.bL
B 3TO BpeMH ll,ef-I'rp HCCJIeJJ.OBaHHH capM3TCKHX JJ.peBHocTe11
HPpeMeCTHJICH HenocpejJ.CTBeHHO B I-il1)folee rIOBOv1tKbe. C:
nepBblX neT CoseTc!\oi1 BJIaCTH apXe0J10rH4eCKHe paCKCraO-I 3.n.eCb
CT3JIH HOCHTb n.rI3nOBbIH xapaKTep. B 1921 f. 6bIJI COCTaBJIeH
rJ..TIaH HCCJIe]{OB3HHH KpaH, BbIfIOJ1HeHHeM KOTOpOr() 3cHHl\13.HHCb
HH)KHe- BOJI)KCKHH 1HCTMTYT KpaeBe.n.eHI1H HM. 1\'\. rOpbKoro
npH CapaToBcKoM YHHsepcHTeTe Ii CapaToBcKHH MY3eH Kpae-
Bi2,lJ,eHHH. OpraHH3aTopoM Ii yqaCTHHKOM 60JIbIlIHHCTB3 3THX
3Kcne)].HLI.HH 6bIJI fl. C. PbIKOB, npotPeccop CapaToBcKoro YHH-
BepcHTeT3 Hero yqeHHI<H: I1. lI.. Pay, H. B. CHHHli.bIH, T. iV\.MH-
HaeBa, H. K Ap3IOTOB. BnOCJIe)].CTBI1I1 K paCKOI1KaM HO.llKJHO-
4HJICH rocy)].apCTBeHHbIH HC1'Opl1QeCKI1H MY3et'I, 3KCnelll1lI.HI1 KO-
roporo B03rJIaBHJI D. H. fpaKOB.
OepBOHaQaJIbHO 3TI1 pa60TW HOCHJIH pa3BeOqHW:H xapaKTep
C He6oJIbUII1MH paCKonKaMH B OCHOBHOM no 6eperaM peK,
npHTOKOB BOJIrH 11 LI.oHa. OCHOBHOH ueJIblO 3THX o6CJIe1l.0BaHHH
60 YCT3HoBneHI1e npHcY1'cTBHH capMaTo-pHMCKo-Ky6aHcKo
KYJIbTypbl B HH)KHeM OOB0J1fKbe I6 . OOHCKH YBeH4aJII1Cb ycne-
XOM B 1924 r., Korn.a fI. C. PbIKOBblM 6bI.n pacKonaH CYC.TIOB-
KHH KypraHHbIH MOrHJIbHHK Ha peKe EOJIhlll0H KapaMaH, co-
Jlep)l{3BUIHH HeCKO.TIbKO lI.eCHTKOB capMaTCKHX KypraHOB. Ero
pacKofIKH liMe.1111 B3IKHOe 3HaqeHHe B H3yqeHHH capMaToB 110-
17
BOJ1 )KbH.
HCCJJeJJ.OBaTeJlb 3Toro naMHTHHK3 CTaJI Ii ero nepBblM HHTep-
npeTaTopoM. fl. C. PbIKOB nOCTaBHl Ii nOOblTaJICH pewHTb BO-
npocbI XpoHoJlorHH, a TaKJKe npOHCXO)K,lJ,eHI1H H 3THHlIecKoH
npH HaJJ..ne)K HOCTH H3CeJieHHH, OCTaSHBUIero CYC.JlOBCKHM KYP-
faHHblH MorH.rIbHHK. OH KJIaCCH<l>Mu,HpOBaJI Bce O1'KpbITbIe HM
capMaTcKHe norpe6eHH51, nOJiO)KHB B OCHOBY cBoeH KJ1aCcH<pH-
KaUHI1 4>OPMY MOrHJIbHOH HMbI H nOJIO./KeHHe norpe6eHHoro,
BbIJ1.e.HI1B TaKHM o6pa30M ceMb rpynn pa3.JIHqHhIX THnOB 3a-
xopoHeHHtf, pacnpe,Ll,eJleHHblx no 4eTbipeM KY.iIbTypaM, 0603Ha-
q e H H LI MA, B, C, D. 18.
DOJlbWHHCTBO norpe6eHHM n03,lJ,HeCapM3TCKoro BpeMeHH
6bIJIO BKJII04eHO PbIKOBbiM B Ky.nbTYPY B, COCT051llJ.YIO 113 Tpex
rpynn norpe6eHHH (2, 3, 7), JI.aTHpyel\tYlo II-III BB. H. :).
IloJIHOCTblO n03,lJ,HeCa p M3TCKHe norpe6eHI1H BXO.l1.HT BO BTOpylO
rpynny -- nOJI.60HHbIe HMbI C ceBepHoH opHeHTHpoBKOH norpe-
6eHHbIX Ii .II.e$opMaLI.HeH qepena; TpeTblO --- 4eTblpexyrOJIbHbIe
HMbI C ceBepHoH Opl1eHTl1pOBKOH H )].e<popMu.l1eM 4epena no-
rpe6eHHbIx. 4acTb n03)].Heca pMaTcKHx norpe6eHHH BOlliJIO B
ceJJ.bMYIO rpynny-- nOLl60HHbIE' }lMbI C ceBepHoH HJIM IOJKHOH
Opl1eHTHpOBKOH KOCTHKOB 6e3 jl,ecpopMHpoBaHHbIx qepenOB.
B JJ.aJIbHeHllIeM 3Ta KJIaCCJHpl1KaUHH He n0J1YI.JI1JI3 npH3HaHHH.
bbIJIH J],onYUl.eHbI 01lI116KH 11 B aTHpOBKe norpe6eHI1H. 50JIb-
IUHHCTBO KypraHoB CYCJIOBCKOro MOfHJIbHHKa 6blJII1 OMOJIOlKeHbI
PbIKOBbIM. 3JI.eCb CKa3aJIOCb BJII1HHHe H. 11. BeCeJ10BCKOro,
KOTOpbIll 1l3THpOBaJI Ky6aHcKHe KypraHbI I-III BB. H. 3.
14 CM.: POCTOBt{ce M. H. KypraHHbIe HaXOJJ.KH OpeH6yprcKoH n6J13CTH 3IH))Ui
palillero Ii n03}].Hero 3JIJIHHH3Ma. _. B KH.: MaTepHaJlbl no pxeo.nonHI POCCHIi.
III , 1))8. N2 37: OH JlCC. 3.n.llHHcTBO H HpaHcTBo Ha lOre POCCHH. fli . 1918; Oli Jce.
 1\II(t)lIH H Eocnop. .n., 1925.
I:, CM.: rpaKoB E. H. Depe>KHTKH MaTpHapxaT3 y capM3TOB. BecfHHI\
Il!WBII4.'ii HCTOpHH (J!3J1Ce RLlJ,1). ) 947, .N2 3, c. 100- - t 21; CMU f7HOf1 K. <P. Y K33.
CO'I.. L 10 - - i l.
( )
!f) CM.: PblKOB n. C. Pe3YJlbTaTb! apXeOJIOf'H4eCKHX HCCJJe.llOSaHHij B HHlKHeM
flOBOJI>Kbe .neTOM 1923 ['.--- YtteH. 33n.jCapaToBcKHH roc. YH-T, 1925, T. IV, SbIn. 3.
11 CM.: PblKOB n. CYCJIOHCKHH KypraHHblH MOf'HJIbHHK. CapaToB, 1925.
18 CM.: TaM jKe. c. 23.
7

KypraHoB OKOJIO ce.n llIYJIbu" A.nbT-BeHMap, MapHeHTaJIb 24 .
HaKOnHBWHHCH MaTepHaJ1 n03BOJIHJ1 O. ,Q. Pay COCTaBHTb
CBO)].KY capMaTCKI1X norpe6eUHH pHMCKoro BpeMeHH )J.JIH HHlK-
Hero OOBOJILKb5I, BKJ1104HBlllYIO 6oJ1ee CeMH,lJ,eCHTH norpe6eHI1H 25 .
Pay oTBepr nepHo)].113all.111O O. C. PbIKoBa 11, conOCTaBHB BeCb
HMelOrn.I1HCH B ero paCnOpH)KeHI1I1 MaTepHaJI, npHIJJeJI K BbIBO)].Y,
41'0 B paMKax pl1MCKOrO BpeMeHH capMaTCKHe norpe6eHHH IQ)KHO-
BOJ1)KCKOH 06JlaCTH I1MelOT )].Be BbIpaJKeHHbIe, pa3JIH4a!OUl.HeCH
KYJlbTypHbIe CTaJJ.HH 26. OH HX Ha3bIBaeT paHHepHMCKOH (.Stute 11),
1---11 BB. H. 3. H n03):(HepHMCKOH (Stufe B) III-IV BB. H. -3.
KY.JlbTypaMH. K CTa)].HI1 B Pay OTHec norpe6eHHSI B Y3KHX 51Max
C no)].60eM H 6e3 HHX C ceBepHOH opHeHTHpOBKOH norpe6eHHX
H .lI.Cq:.OpMHpOBaHHbIMI1 qepenaMH.
Xap3KTepH3YH o6e CT3)].HH, U. . Pay HaXO,lJ,HT B HHX pH)].
06W.HX qepT, 41'0 n03B0J1HJJO eMY C,Ae.l1aTb BbIBOJI. 0 HX B3a.HMO-
CBH3H. O1'MeqaH HeK01'OpylO CT3HJJ.apTH3aUI1IO o6pHlI.a norpe6e-
HHH H BellI.eC1'BeHHoro MaTepHaJ1a, npOHCLue)].wylO Ha CTa)].I1H
B no cpaBHeHHIO co cTa)].HeH A, Pay JI.eJIaeT BbIBO)]., 4TO KYJlb-
1'ypHaH CTaJJ.HH B HBJI51eTCH CJIH51Hl1eM 11 npe06pa30BaHI1eM MeJ1-
KI1X pa3HOBI1JI.HOCTeH CTa)].HI1 A B HI1)KHeM OOBOJI)Kbe, 41'0 OHa
MO)KeT paCCMaTpl1B3TbCH K8K nepeXO)].HaH cTyneHb Me*.n.y paH-
HepHMCKOH CKHcpo-ca pMaTCKOH KYJ1bTYPOH H paHHe-cpeJJ.HeBeKOBOH
ceBepO-KaBK33CKOH, npeJlCTaBJIeHOH EOpl1COBCKHM MOrl1iIbHI1KOM
11 MOrHJ1bHHKOM ArOHCKoro aYJ1a 2i .
CTaJI.HH B, no PaY1 3HaMeHyeT C060H O,lJ.HOBpeMeHHO 33Meny
)].peBHI1X CKH$o-capMaTCKHX TpalI.Hll.HH HOBbIMH cpopMaMH
6blTOBoro YKJIaJJ.a, HaBeHHHbIMI1 r JIaBHbIM 06pa30M Ky.ilbTypOt'f
rpeKO-pI1MCKHX KOJIOHI1H Opl14epHOMopbH, Ii 06'he)].HHeHHe 060-
C06J1eHHbIX B 6bITOBOM OTHOllleHHH MeJIKI1X nJIeMeH B O)].HY 3THH-
4ecKYIO OAHOpO)].HYIO rpynny28.
HOCH1'eJ151MH KYJ1bTYPHOH CTa)].HI1 B. O. 11. Pay C4HT3J1 a.naHOB,
no.n. KOTOpbIMH OH nOHI1MaJI OCTaTKI1 CKI1<po-capMaTcKHx nJ1eMeH,
CJIHBllIHXCH B III--IV BB. H. 3. B OJlHY HapO)].HOCTb 29 . TaK, 11M
6bIJI OKOH1.JaTeJIbHO BbI)].eJIeH n03)].HHH 3Tan capMaTCKOH KYJ1bTypbI.
3acJIyra o. 11. Pay COCTOHT B TOM, 41'0 OH CYMeJI lIeTKO
onpeJJ.eJ1HTb Be)].yw.l1e 4epTbI B norpe6aJIbHOM 06pHJJ.e )].BYX no-
o. C. PbIKOBY npI1Ha)].JIe)KI1T nepBa51 nonbITKa CBH3aTb OTJI.eJIb-
HbIe Tl1nbI MOrl1JIbHbIX HM C onpeD,e.neHHbIMI1 capMaTCKHMH
nJIeMeHaMI1, H3BeCTHbIMI1 no nHCbMeHHbIM I1CT04HI1KaM. TaK, no,D.-
60HHble norpe6eHHH, BKJIlOi-IeHHbIe 11M B KYJibTYPY B, OB flpen.-
fIOJIO)KHTeJIhHO C411T3JI npHHaJl.JIelKaIll.I1MH aJ1aHaM, a HMbI C
3anJIeQI1KaMH, QeTbIpexyrOJIbHbIe c JJ.l1arOHaJIbHbIM nOJIO)KeHHeM
KOCTHKOB H Kpyr.nbIe, BXO.ltHLUHe B KYJIbTYPY J1 --- aopC3M l9 .
I1CXOJJ.HbIMH paHOHaMH, OTKy.n.a UIJIO npOJJ.BI1.JKeHl1e 3THX
KYJIbTYP B HH)KHee nOBOJ1)Kbe, OH CllHTaJI CeBepHblH KaBKa3
11 Ky6aHb. Ky6aHcKHe KypraHbI, KaK Ii nOBOJI)KCKMe, OH OTHO-
CHJI K capMaTaM.
Dp01'HB O1'O.>K]leCTBJIeHHH PbIKOBbIM no)].6oHHbIX norpe6eHHH
C )].eQJopMall.HeH qepenOB C capMaTaMH BblCKa3aJlaCb B. B. rOJIbl'lI-
CTeH, paCKonaBlllaS1 B 1923--1924 rr. rpynny KypraHoB C T3KHMH
)l{e norpe6eHHHMI1 6JIH3 c. Bepe3HHKI1 Ha peKe KMHe.Hb Ha
Teppl1TOpHH KYH6bIllIeBCKOH 06JI3CTH. aHa nOJIaraJIa, 4TO BOBaH
KYJIbTypa He I1MeeT CB513H C 60JIee paHHI1MI1 capMaTCKHMI1 na-
MHTHHKaMH, a OT,lI,eJIbHbIe CXO,lI,HbIe 4epTbI B npe)].MeTax MaTe-
pHaJIbHOM KYJ1bTypbI He MorYT CLJHTaTbCH .lI.OKa3aTeJIbCTBOM HX
6J1H30CTH H HBJISUOTCH pe3YJIbTaTOM O)].HHX Ii Tex JKe KYJIbTypHbIX
BJII1HHHH 20 . Onpe)].eJIH51 XpOH0J10rH4eCKHe paMKH nOJJ.60HHbIX
norpe6eHHH C Jl.eOpMHpOBaHHWMH 4epenaMH, B. B. rObMCTeH
)].onYCKaJIa 3Ha4HTeJIbHbIe KOJle6aHI1H, B O,lJ,HOM c.JIyqae OHa
JJ.aTHpyeT HX II-III BB. H. 3. 21 , B JJ.pyroM II B. 11.0 H. 3.--- II B$
H. 3. 22 . OTBeprHYB capMaTCKYIO npHHa,lJ.JIeJKHOCTb nOJl.OOHlIbIX
norpe6eHHH, OHa YCJIOBHO )].aeT HM H33BaHHe Bepe3HHKOBCKOH
KYJIbTypbI, He YKa3aB K KaKOMY 113 H3BeCTHbiX HapO)].OB OHa
OTHOCHTCH.
B 1924 --1926 rr. KOJ1H1.JeCTBO OTKpbITbIX ca pMaTCKHX no-
rpe6eHHH 3Ha4HTeJIbHO YBeJIH1.II1JIOCb. lI. C. PbIKOBbIM H 5. H. fpa-
KOBbIM 6bI.nH pacKonaHbI KypraHHbIe MOrl1JIbHHKI1 y ceJI BH3eH-
MHJIJIep, bJIIOMeH<peJ1bJJ., XapbKoBKa B 6acceHHax peK EpYCJIaHa
Ii ToprYHa 23 . B 3THX :>Ke MeCTax O. Lt. Pay np0l13BeJI paCKonKH
19 CM.: PblKOB fl. C. CYCJ10BCKHH KypraHHbIM MOrHJlhHHK, c. 25_
20 CM.: rO./lbMcreH B. B. ApXeOJIOrH4eCKHe naMHTHHKH CaMapCKOH ry6ep-
HI1 H. Tp. / POCCI-fl1CKaH aCCOU,Mau.H5I HaY4HO-MCCJIe.n.OBaTeJI hCR Ii X H IIcTHTyroB o6w.e-
CTBeHHbIX HayK.---- CeKLUHI apxeo.norHH (,rr,aJIee P AHl10 H TCA). M., 1928 j
Bhln. IV, c. 134.
21 CM.: FOAbMcreH B. B. JJ.OHCTopHLIeCKoe npow.noe CaMapCKoro KpaH.---
B KH.: KpaeBeJI.eHHe. CaMapa, 1924, c. 163.
22 CM.: FOAbMcreH B. B. ApXeOJIOrHtleCKHe H3MHTHHKH CaMapCKOH ry6epHHH,
c. i 34.
23 CM.: APXHB JIOI1A, <p. 2, JJ,. 1924/178, 1925/204.
24 CM.: Rau P. Die Hugelgraber romischer Zeit an der unteren Wolga.
Pokrowsk, 1927.
25 CM.: ibid., S. 61--63.
215 CM.: ibid., S. 65.
2'1 C . b ' d S III
M.: 1 1.,. .
28 CM.: ibid., S. 112.
29 CM.: ibid., S. 79.
8
9

CJIeLlHHX 3TanOB CapMaTCKOH X<YJlbTYPbI, )].aJI 11M HCHOe Onpe.II.eJIe-
HMe Ii xa paKTepHCTHKY. XpOHOJIOrHQeCKaH cxeMa 3TI1X 3TanOB,
TIpeJI.JIOJKeHHaH fl. 11.. Pay, 3aTeM npoLfHo BOllIJI3 B cOBeTcKYIO
apXeOJIOrHlJecKYIO JIHTepaTYPY Ii nOTIY411.J1a npl13HaHI1e 3a-
py6e}l(oM 30 .
K KOHllY JI.BallU3TbIX rO.l1.0B B HHJKHeM nOBOJ1)Kbe 6bIJII1
01' KpblTbI HOBbIe naM5ITHI1KH n03D.HeCapMaTCKOH KYJIbTypbI. B
1928 r. 11. C. PbIKOB, npOBO}HBllIHH pa3Be.L1.KH Ii paCKonKH no
peKe AXTy6e, OTKEbIJI n03L1.HeCapM3TcKHe norpe6eHHH OKOJIO
CT3Hll.I1H 5aCKYH43K J1 . B 1929 r. OH paCKOnaJI norpe6eHHH TOO
Me BpeMeHH Y  nocel1KOB A.6raHepOBO H KerlOJIbTbl B KaJiMbIKHH J2 .
I-IoBble ca pMaTCKHe Ilorpe6eHHH DbIJIH OTKpbITbI fi. (:. PbIKOBbIM
H D. H. fpaKOBbIM no. p. YpaJl II B OpcH6yprcKoH U6JIaCTH 33 .
.OBCIO.n.y, r.l1.e nOOH3BO)lH.JlMCb paCKonKH B nOHOJI)f{CKo-ypa.Hb-
CI\]1X CTenHX.. 6bI.J1M OTKPbITbi ea pMaTCKHe norpe6eHI1H. :3TO n03-
}]OJIHJIO fpaKOBY C.lJ.eJIaTb 3bIBO,il" qTO capMaTbI He 6bJ.TlH 31J.eCb
npHlllJIbIf\1H 3aBOeBaTeJIHMH KOHHbIMH Hae3JJ.HHK3MH j BOJIHaMH"
CMeHHBWHMH Epyr Jpyra, 5lBJ1HBhIHMHC5I H3 UeHTpa,JlbHOH A3HH,
KaK 3TO nO.llaraJI fv'\. vi. PDCTOBueB, a 6bI.JIH KopeHHbIM MeCTHbIM
HaCeJ1eHHeM 34 .
B TpH,lUl,aTble rOl1.bI HHTeHCMBHble paCKOllKH pa3BOpaQHBalOTCH
Ha TeppHTopHH KaJIMbIKHH, flle PblKOBbIM 6bI.JIH HCCJ1elI.OBaHbI
il.Be KypraHHbIe rpynnbI nOJ{ H33B3HMeM {(TpH 6paTa» He.ll,a.nCKO
OT r 3JIHCTbI, a TaKJKe KypraHbl OKono noc. L{araH-3JlbCHH H
DH'-iKHH- 5YJ1YK, cOJJ.epJ3UIHe 60JIbUIOe KOJIH4eCT80 n03J1.He-
:,:a pM3TCKHX norpe6eHHH 3 ..
HeCKonbKO n03ilHecapM8TCKHX norpe6eHH 6JlO OTKpWTO B
1934 f. 3KCneJ1.HUHCH rOCYJlapCTBeHHoH aK3)].eMHH HCTOpHH M()-
Tepl1aJIbHOH KYJIbTypbI B MelK)].ype4be Bo.JlrH H AOHa B CTaJIHH-
rpa)].cKoH o6.JlaCTH OKono XYTopa )l(l1pHOKJ1CeBCKoro 36 .
B 1937-1941 rr. HOBbIe n03,lI,HeCapMaTCKHe norpe6eHHH 6bIJIH
paCKonaHbI VI. B. CHHI1LI.bIHbIM Y XYTopa ABH.TIOBCKOro Ha 11J10B-
.ne 11 B 3aBOJI}Kbe y cen MaKCIOTOBO H Y CneHKI1 37 .
TaKHM 06pa30M, B )].OBoeHHOl BpeMH 6bIJI HaKOnJIeH 3Ha-
4HTe.nbHbI:H MaTepHaJI no n03JJ.HC'''Y 3Tany capMaTCKOH KYJIbTY-
pbI HH}I(HerO DOBOJI}KbH. fl03JI.HeeapMaTCKHe norpe6eHHH 6bIJIH
OTKpbJTbI H3 RCCH TeppHTOpl1H IiH.lKHero IlOBO.JIlKbH, HaqHH3H
01' Kyi16bIllieBa Ha ceBepe Ii )].0 3JIMCTbI Ha lOre. Becb 31'01' 60JIb-
mOM MaTepHa.n OCTaJ1CH He o606111eHHbIM.
B HaLla.He TpHJlu.aTbIX rO)lOB BbIlllJIO nOBTopHoe H311aHl1e
KHHrHM. Ii. POCTOBLI.eBa «CKHcpHH Ii Bocnop» H3 HeMell.KOM S13bIKe,
f,Lle HM 6bIJ1 Y4TeH HeKoTopbIH HOBbIl1 MaTepl1a.n 38 . PocToBueB
npHHH BweAeHHwe D. . Pay JlBe nocnenHHP CTaHI1 B pa3-
BHTHH capMaTcKoli Ky.nbTypbI, HO B npoTHBoBec eMY H b. H. fpa-
l(OBY OH npon.OJI)Ka.n BHJJ.CTb B HHX pa.3JIli4HbIe BOJIHbl capMaT-
CKHX flJIeIvIeH, CMeHHBUIHe B nOBO.IDKbe JI.pyr )lpyra. BCHKoe npo-
.LI.BH>KeHHe capMaToB .PocToBueB CBfl3bIBa.J1 C onpe)].eJIeHHbIMH
C06bITH5lMH B UeHTpaJ1bHOH A3HI1. TaK, nepBoe npo)].BH./KeHHe
capMaToB Ha for POCC.HH 6bIJIO BbI3BaHO 3aBoeBaHHHMH AJIeK-
caHJ1.pa IV\a Ke.n.OHCKoro, .n.aJIbHeHllIee npo,n.RH)KeHHe H3bIfOB, POK-
ca.HaH, aopcoB) cHpaKoB OH 06'bHCHHeT C3KO-MaCC3I1TCKHM 3a-
BoeB3HHeM F>aKTpMH H o6pa30BaHI1eM IlapcpHHcKoro rocy)].apcT-
sa. [JoCJIe,lI.HHH BOJIHa capMaToB B .jll1u.e aJIaH CB5133Ha C npo-
lI,BtDKeHHeM lOe4}Kei1 39 .
PocToBueB OTMC4an, 4TO B 3noxy pHMCKOfi HMnepHH B paAoH
I-fi'OKHerO OOBOJIJKbfl XJIbfHYJI3 HOBaH BOJIHa capMaToB, POjlCT-
BeHHaH CBOHM npe1J.llJeCTBeHHHKaM, HO He }ueHTli4Ha5I C HHMH.
OH C4HTa.J1, 41'0 3TH HOBbie npHlUeJ1blbI 6bLJIH, Bep05lTHO, TeMH
Me ca pMaTaMH, KOTopble on.HOBpeMeHHO 33BOeBaJII1 Ky6aHCKYlO
06n3CTb. 06paTHB BHHMaHHe H3 6e.n.HOCTb HaxOAOR B nOBOJI*-
f2KHX fIorpe6eHH5JX, OH nOJIaraJI, 1.11'0 capM3TbI fl0BOJI)KbH )].JII1-
TenbHoe BpeMH He McnNTBaJIH qy*noro BHHHllH H cOXpaHHJIH
CBOIO npl1MHTHBHYiO KYJIbTYPY nOLJTH 6e3 H3MeHeHH5I 40 .
B KOHu,e Jj,Ba.LI.IJ.C1TbIX H B TPI1)].U.aTbIX rOJJ.3X BbIWJIa 3Ha 411-
TeJ1bHaH LJa CTb pa60T O. C. PbIKOBa, r)].e .OH B TOM HJIH HHO" CTe-
36 CM.: ApXeOJIOrH4eCKHe HCCJIeJ1.0B3HHH B PC(!>CP 1934- -1936 rr. M. - fl.,
1941, c. 181--182.
H CM.: CUflUl.{bIH 11. B ApXeOJIOrHllecKHe naMHTHHKH B HH30BbHX peKlf. I1JIOB-
JHL-- Y4eH JiHL CdpaT. YH-T3. 1954, Bbln. 39; ON JlCe IlaMHTHHKH HluKHero [10-
BO.n >Kb}l CK!Ht;O- C3 P Ma:rCI(OrO BpeMeHH, c. 53---63.
3R CM.: Rostowzew M. 1. Skythein und Bosporus. Berlin,1931, B. I, S. 598.
39 Cl'vL. ibid., S. 604, 609.
-w CM.: ibid., S. 608--.. ft09.
:)0 CM.. Ebert N\, Siidrufiland .--- ReaHexicon der Vorgeschichte. B. XIII,
S. ! 01--1 06.
31 CM.: PblKOB n. C. ApxeOJ10fH1-JeCKHe pa3Be,1J.KH H paCKOfIKH B HIUKHe-BoJl)K-
CKOM Kpae, npOH3Be)1-eHHble B 1928 r. }.t13B. HH)f(He-BoJI)KCKOrO HH-Ta KpaeBe-
'!H?HHH HM. M. rOpbKoro. CapaToB, 1029, T. 3.
32 CM.: PblKOB n. C {)T4eT 06 apxeo,f1orJ,piecKHx pa6oTax, npOH3Bf?lleHHbIx
B HH)KHeM OOBOJDKbe JleTOM 1929 r.--- 1138. I-hnKHe-BoJDKcKoro HH-Ta KpaeRe.ne-
HHH HM. 1\1. rOpbKoro. CapaToB, 1931, T. 4.
33 CM.: APXHB J1CH1A, cPo 2, 1\. 1925/204; FpaKoB D. H. KypraHbI B oKpecT-
HOCTHX noc. He)KHHCKOro OpeH6yprcKoro ye3,1J.a no pacKonKaM 1927 1.---- PAHI10H
TCA. M., 1928, T. 4.
34 C r  H Y 154
M.: .. paKoB b. . '- Ka3. C04., c. .
35 CM.: PblK08 fl. C. ApXeOJI0rH4eCKHe paCKonKH KypranoB B yp04HW.e «TPH
6paTa», npOll3BeJ1.eHHble B 1933 11 1934 rr.--- COBeTcKaH apXeOJIOrHfI (J1.3JIee CA),
1936, .N 1. c. 115-.-1.57; CUHUl{bIH H. B. DaMHTHHKH HH}f{UerO flOBOJI)f(LH CKllcpO-
capM3TcKoro BpeMeHH.- B KH.: ApXeOJIOrH4eCKHH c6. Tp./CapaTol:3cKHii 06JIaCT-
HOff MY3eH KpaeBeJ1.eHHH (JaJIee COMK). CapaToB, 1956, 131>111. 1, L. 22---53.
10
11

lleHH K3CaJICH BOnpOCOB CapMaTCKOH apXe0J10rHH. OJI.HaKO B
CBOHX CYJK)].eHHHX PbIKOB He Beer JJ.a nOCTOHHeH OH npI1HH.JI
nepHOJIJI3all.HJO f1. II.. Pay41, HO n03.l].Hee B03BpaTI1JICH K CBoeH
KJIaCcH<pHK3U.I1H H nepHO,lJ,113alU1M, JL3HHOH 11M B KHHre «CYCJIOB-
CKHH KypraHHbIH MOrMJIbHHK» 42. B )].pyroH CBoeH pa60Te 06111.erO
xapaKTepa, PbIKOB KJIaCCI1<pHll.HpOBaJI Bce capMa
CKHe norpe-
6eHH51 HH}KHerO floBOJLiKbH no THnaM KOHCTPYKUHH norpe6a.J1b-
HbIX HM, 6e3 Y4eTa KYJIbTYPHO-l1cTopH4ecKl1x 31'3nOB, '-ITO Y)Ke

 6 u
6bIJ10 CJJ.eJIaHO fl.
. Pay . KaK 11 npe)K)J,e noJI. OHHble 51MbI
C ,Ile<popMHpoBaHHbIMH 4epenaMH OB OTHOCH.TI K norpe6eHHHM
a.naHOB, HO He I1CK.HI04aJI B03MO)KHOCTb, 4TO qarTb HX npHHan.-
.ne}l(aJ1a rYHHaM 44 .
B Tpl1JJ.LI.aT
e rO)].M BWXO)J,HT nepBaH pa60Ta no aHTponono-
rHI1 capMaTOB HHlKHero OOBOJI)KbH, HanHcaHHaH r. <1>. ,lJe-
6eLI.eM 45 . L{e6eu, HapHn.y co CXOllCTBOM rpynn Hace.}1eHHH
 YKa-
3aJI Ha ux pa3JIHQHe, KOTopoe OH YCMaTpl1BaJI B OCHOBHWX KOM-
nOHeHTax, nOCJIY*I1BIllHX
OpMHpOBaHHIO capMaTCKHX n.neMeH
B 3THX paHOHax. LLJIH CapaTOBCKoro 3aBOJIiKbH TaKHM KOMno-
HeHTOM 6bI.TIO Hace.TIeHHe aH)].pOHOBCKOH KYJIbTypbI. I-IaJIH4He
6paXHKecpaJIbHOrO eBpOneOI1)].Horo 3JIeMeHT3, xapaKTepH3Y-
lOu
ero aCTpaxaHCKYIO rpynny, OH npeJI.no.TIO)KI1TeJIbHO CBH3bI-
BaeT C HaceneHHeM KaTaKOM6HOH KYJIbTYpW.
E. B. >KHPOB, 0606 111.11 B HMeIOllI.I1HC5I aHTpOnOJIOrHlJeCKHH
MaTepHaJ1 no JJ.ecpopMl1pOBaHHblM 4epenaM IO)KHbIX paHoHoB
CCCP, npl111IeJI K BbIBOJ1.Y, {-ITO HOHBJIeHHe 3Toro 06bI4aH ()].e-
q,opMau,I1H 4epenOB) y capMaTOB OOBOJ1.IKbH, a 4epe3 OOBOJI)Kbe
y rOTOB YKpaHHbI H Y HapOJ.I.OB KaBKa3a, CBH38HO C B.J1H5IHHeM
cpeAHea3HaTCKHX paAOHOB (T8naCCKHe MOrl1nbHHKH) 11 B KOHeq-
46
HOM C4eTe c npO,lJ,BI1)KeHHeM rYHHOB .
LI.aJIbHeHWl1e HCCJIe)].OBaHHH B HH}I(HeM OOBOJI.lKbe 6bIJIH
npepBaHbI BeJIHKOH OTeqeCTBeHHOH BOHHOH. I1x HTOrl1 6bIJIH
41 CM.: PblK08 /1. C. KYJlbTYPHO-HCTOpH4-eCKHe (apXeOJlOrH4ecKHe) 3KCKYP-
CHH no HI'DKHe- BO.TDKCKOMY KpalO. CapaTos, 1928.. c. 24.
42 CM.: PblK08 fl. C. OT4eT 06 apXeOJlOrH4eCKHx pa60Tax, npOH3BeD,eHHbIX B
HIDKHeM DOBoJDKbe JleTOM 1929 r., c. 55-57.
43 CM..: PblK08 n. C. OT-lepKH no HCTOpHH HH)KHerO nOBOJllKbH no apxeo.no-
rH4eCKHM MaTepHaJlaM. CapaToB, 1936, c. 93.
44 CM.: PblK08 fl. C. 113)'4eHHe CKH<po-capMaTcKoH KYJlbTypbI B CCCP.--
113B. HH)KHe-BoJllKCKOrO I1H-Ta KpaeBe.lJ,eHHH 11M. M. rOpbKoro. CapaToB. 1931.
T. IV, c. 4.6.
45 CM.: Ile6el{ F. CP. MaTepHaJlbI no naJleaHTpOnOJlOrHH CCCP (HIUKHee
rIoBOJl)Kbe).- AHTpOnOJlOni4eCKI1H *ypHaJl, 1936, .N2 1.
46 CM.: )/(Up08 E. B. 06 HCKyccTBeHHoH D,e<p0pManHH rO.TIOBbl. --- Kp8TKHe
co06w.eHHH 0 D,OKJlaD,8X H nOJleBbIX HCCJleD,OBaHHHX HUcTHTYTa apXeOJlOrHH
All CCCP (.n.aJlee KCI1I1MK). M.- JI.. 1940, Bhlli. 8, CO HI HH.
12


no,nBe)J.eHbI naCJIe BOHHbI B Tpy.n.ax D. H. fp8KoBa H K. <1>. CMl1p-
HOBa.
K. <t>. CMHpHOB B CBoeM KaH.lI.H)].aTCKOH )].I1CCepTaIl.I1H, no-
CBHllleHHOH J],BYM nOC.JIeJl.HHM 3TanaM capM3TcKOH KYJIbTypbI,
HCnOJIb30BaB BeCb JJ.oBoeHHbIH MaTepl1aJI, HaUleJI B03MO)KHbIM
YT04HHTb HX XpOHOJIOrI110 47 . YKa3aB Ha npe)].B3HToe MHeHHe
O. ,lJ. Pay 0 3ana3)].bIBaHI1I1 B KYJIbTypHOM pa.3BHTHH paHHHx
KOqeBHHKOB OOBOJI)KbH no cpaBHeHHIO C BapBapcKHM MHpOM
3an3JI.HbIX o6..nacTeH EBponbI, OB, conOCTaBI1B MaTepHaJI 00-
BOJI)KCKo-ypaJIbCKHX cTeneH C norpe6eHHH
u1 Ky6aHH, npHIlleJI
K BbIBO.n.y, Q1'O norpe6eHHS1 Ky6aHH
o
u.a
 I I B.. JJ.O H.
. -
 B.
H. 3. ,LL31OT Bee r JIa BHble THn bI BeU1.e H S t ut e /4, no fI. ,Ll. I 3 y.
Ha4a.no f103IlHeCapMaTcKofl CTaIlHH 11J111 Sture B OB OTHec KO
II B. H. 3., TaK KaK Be)].yw.He THnbI 3TOH CTaJ{HH HMelOTCH YJKe
B Ky6aHcK
1x norpe6eHI1HX lIB. H. 3. KOHll.OM n03)].HecapMaT-
CKOH cTa)].HH K. <1>. CMHpHOB CQI1TaJI IV B. H. 3., KOfn.a B apxeo-
JIOfH1.leC}{HX naMHTHI1KaX HH}KHerO DOBOJI}f{bH nOHBJlHIOTCH HO-
BbIe 3JIeMeHTbJ B norpeOaJIbHOM O
rHJJ.e: 6ecKypraHH
Ie no-
rpe6eHHH Ii KypraHbI C KOCTpH1ll.aMH , B MaTepH3JIbHOH KYJIb-
Type -- BemH 3nOXH BeJIHKOrO nepeCeJIeHHH HapOJJ.OB. u
CMHpHOB BbI,QeJ1HJI Bce OCHOBHble THnbI KOHCTPYKIl.HH no-
rpe6a.HbHbIX HM n03)].HI1X capM3TOB, ,QaJI xapaKTepHCTHKY HX
MaTepM3JIbHOH Ky.J1bTypbI. HOCHTeJIHMH n03JJ.HecapM3TCKOH CTa-
Jl.HH OH C4UT3JI aJIaH, nOHHMaH TaK )Ke KaK H O. 11.. Pay noJI.
.. HHMH O)].HY HapO)J.HOCTb, 06pa30BaBllIYIOCH OT CJIHHHHH B O)].HO
3THHQeCKOe LI.eJIoe pa3JIH4HbIX ca pMaTCKHX ll..JIe.MeH npellllleCT-
BYIOIlJ,eH CT3JJ.HI1 49 .
OKOHQaTeJIbHWe HTOr" H3Y4eHH5I capMaTOB B 1l0BoeHHoe
...
 Hr 50
BP eMH 6bIJIH nO,lI.Be)].eHbJ B 113BeCTH0l1 CTaTbe u. . paKOBa,
B KOTOpOH aBTOp JI.OKa3bIBa.J'l npeeMCTBeHHOCTb B pa3BI1THH
capMaTCKOH KYJIbTypbI Ha npOTH./KeHH!I ThICH4eJIeTHerO ee cy-
llI.eCTBOBaHI1H. nOC.He nOHBJIeHHH 3TOH pa60TbI B apXeOJIOrH-
qeCKYIO JIHTepaTYPY np04HO BOlliJIa 4eTbIpeX4JIeHHaH KJIaCCH-
cpHKall.I1SI ca pOMaTo-capMaTCKOH Ky.HbTypbI. nOCJIe)].HHH cTyneHb
capMaTCKOH KYJIbTypbI 6blJIa Ha3BaHa D. H. rpaKOBbIM lllHnOB-
CRO", no Ha3BaHHIO ceJIa lllHnOBO, rlI.e 6bIJIH OTKpbITbJ 60ra-
47 CM.: CMUpH08 K. 4>. CapMaTCKHe KypraHHble norpe6eHHH B CTenHX 00-
BO.TDKbH Ii IO.>KHoro DpHypaJlbH_.- D.OKJI. H C006W.. HCT. cpaK-Ta Mry. M., 1947,
Bbln. V, c. 75-76.
48 CM.: TaM )Ke, c. 76.
49 CM.: CMUpH08 1(. CPo CapM3TCKHe KypraHHbIe norpe6eHHH B CTenHX 110-
BO.JI)KbH H IO)KHoro OpHypaJlbH, c. 82.
50 CM.: fpaK08 B. H. Depe)KHTKli MaTpHapX3Ta y capMaTOB.-- BD.I1,
1947, .N2 3.


13




TbIe nOrpe6eHI1H, KOTOpbIe OH C4HTaJI Hal160JIee HPKI1MI1 naMHT-
HI1KaMH 3TOH KYJIbTypbI. rpaKOB nOJIaraJI, 41'0 3Ta KYJIbTypa
C OCHOBHbIMI1 ee aTpH6YTaMI1 (Y3Kl1e 51MbI C nOJI.6051MH H 6e3
HI1X, JI.e
OpMl1pOBaHHWe 4epena 11 CeBepHaH Opl1eHTl1pOBKa
nOrpe6eHHbIX, XapaKTepHbIH Ha60p I1HBeHTapH) npMHaJI.JIe)KaJIa
paHHI1M aJIaHaM. KaKI1X -JI1160 JI.OKa3aTeJIbCTB B nOJI.JI.ep)KKY
3TOH T04KI1 3peHI1H OH He npI1BOJ1.HT, TaK KaK C411TaeT aprYMeH-
TbI O. .a. Pay BOOJIHe JI.OCTaT04HbIMH H HeonpOBep)KI1MbIMI1 51 .
XpOHOJIOrl14eCKI1e paMKI1 1lII1nOBCKOH KYJIbTypbI 5. H. rpaKoB
onpe)].eJIHeT TaK )Ke KaK H K. <1>. CMl1pHOB I I - IV BB. H. 3.
OIJ.eHI1Ba51 BTOpOH 3Tan B I1CCJIeJI.OBaHI1H capMaTCKHX )].peB-
HOCTeH HI1)KHerO OOBo.n}l(b51, MO}l(HO CKa3aTb, 41'0 OH 6bIJI BpeMe-
HeM HHTeHCHBHoro HaKOnJIeHl151 apxeOJIOrl14eCKOro M3TepH3JIa,
CT3Bwero OCHOBHbIM I1CT04HHKOM B BOCCTaHOBJleHHI1 I1CTOpHH
capMaTCKI1X nJIeMeH. Ha OCHOBe apXeOJ10rl14eCKI1X OTKpbITHH 6bI-
.J1a C03)].aHa CTpOHHaH KJIa
CH
I1Kall.HH capMaTCKOH KYJIbTypbI
C 06w.eH xapaKTepHCTI1KOM Ka}l(JI.OrO 113 ee 31'aOOB.
TpeTI1H 31'an B HCCJIellOBaHI1H capMaTOB OOBOJI)Kb51, Ha-
CTYOHBllIHH B nOCJIeBOeHHoe BpeMH, 03HaMeHOBaJICH paCKonKa-
MH B HeBHJI.aHHbIX paHee MaCllITa6ax, CpeJlM K01'OpbIX Hal160JIee
BI1JI.HOe MeCTO 3aHI1MalOT pa60TbI CTaJIHHrpaJI.CKOH apxeOJIorl1-
4eCKOH 3KCneJI.HIJ.1111 I1HCTHTYTa I1CTOpHH MaTepHaJIbHOH Ky.rIbTY-
pbI B 30He 3aTOnJIeHHH BOJI)KCKOH r3C.
3KCneJI.I1LI.I1HMH, KOTOpbIMli PYKOBOJI.I1JII1 11. B. CHHI1ll.bIH,
K. $, CMl1pHOB, B. O. lUHJIOB, 3a BpeMH C 1951 no 1957 rr.
6bIJIO pacKonaHo HeCKOJIbKO COT KypraHoB no BOJIre Me)KlI.Y
BOJIrOrpaJI.OM 11 CapaTOBOM. OOJIHOCTblO 6bIJIH HCCJleJI.OBaHbI
60JlbllII1e KypraHHbIe MOrl1JIbHI1KI1 - 5epeJKHOBCKI1H I 11 II,
KaJII1HOBCKI1H, DbIKOBCKI1H. CpeJ1.H rpOMaJI.HOrO KOJIH4eCTBa BHOBb
OTKpbITbIX capMaTCKHX norpe6eHI1H OKOJIO CeMI1lI.eCHTI1 npHHaJI.-
JIe)KaJIO K n03lI.HeCa pMaTCKOMY BpeMeH11 52 .
003JI.Hee apxeOJIOrl14eCKHe HCCJIeJI.OBaHI151 B HI1)KHeM 00-
BOJI}I(be Be.J1a ACTpaxaHCKa51 3KCnelI.I1IJ.I151 HHCTI1TYTa ApxeoJIo-
rl1M AH CCCP, B03rJIaBJI51eMa51 B. D. IlII1JIOBbIM. C 1956 no
1966 fr. 3KCnellHIJ.l1eH B ACTpaxaHcKoH 11 BOJIrOrpalI.CKOH 06JIa-
CTHX 6bIJIH pacKonaHbI HeCKOJlbKO KpynHbIx MOrI1JIbHI1KOB, co-
JI.ep)KallI.HX npel1Myw.ecTBeHHo capMaTCKl1e norpe6eHH51. 3Kcne-
JI.HLI.l1eH 6bIJIH OTKpbITbI HOBbIe norpe6eHH51 n03JJ.HecapMaTCKOH


Ky.nbTypbl no p. AXTy6e y JleHI1HcKa53
 Ha p. Me.llBelI.I1Ue y
C. CI1J1.0Pb!54, H3 p. AKcaH OKOJIO CTaHLI.HH )KYTOB0 55 B BOJIro-
rpaJI.CKOM o6.nacTI1, a TaK)Ke B ACTpaxaHcKoH 06JIaCTI1 y XYTOPOB
KY3HH 56 , C:TapHu.a57, KanHTaHcKHH 58 , B MeCTe4Kax Ca30HKI1H
If Op,lLbIHCKHH 6yrop59.
C 1962 r. B0306HOBJIHIOTCH pacKonKH B KaJIMbIKI1H nOjL
PYKOBOJI.CTBOM 11. B. CHHHLI.bIHa 11 Y. 3. 3p.LI.Hl1eBa, rJI.e TaK)Ke
6
JIH OTKPWTW n03AHecapMaTCKI1e norpe6eHHH B ApXapl1H-
CKOM 60 Ii 3JI11CTI1HCKOM MOrHJIbHHKax 61 , Ha 6eperax BOcT04Horo
MaHb14a 62 .
B 60-70-e rr. 3H3Ql1TeJIbHO YBeJII1411BaeTCH 411CJIO 3KCne,lLl1-
UHH, BelI.yw.I1X HCCJIellOBaHHH B nOBOJI:>Kbe. HapH,lLY C 3Kcne-
Jtl1IJ.I1HMH AH CCCP B pa60TY BKJIK)l-l3I01'CH 3KCnelJ,I1lI.1111 MeCT-
HbIX YHI1BepCI1TeTOB, ne,lLHHCTI11'YTOB, MY3eeB. B pe3YJIbTaTe
HHTeHCI1BHblX HCCJIe,lLOBaHI1H B KVii6bIuleBcKoH 06JIaCTI1 6bI.rIO
OTKpbITO 3Ha411TeJIbHOe 4l1C.no HOBbIX capMaTCKHX naMHTHHKOB 63 .
PacKonaHbI capMaTCKl1e KypraHbI B CapaToBcKoH 06JIaCTH y


5

 CM.: Ivla.llo8ul{KaR Jl. H. OT4eT 0 paCKonKax ACTpaxaHcKoH apXe0J10rH-
4eCKOH
Kcne.n.HUI1H 3a 1963 r.--- APXI1B MHcTHTYTa apxe0J10r'HH AH CCCP (.n.aJ1ee
MA AH CCCP), p 1,.N2 12750-
54 CM.: /11 U.Il08 B. n. ()T4eT 0 paCKOII Kax ACTpaxaHcKoH 3KcnejJ,Hu,HH B
1959 I'. APXHB VIA AH CCCP, p - 1, N2 1976.
5
) CM.: /JJ U.IlOB B. n. OT4eT 0 pa60Tax ACTpaxaHcKoH 3Kcne.n.HLI.H H 3a
1964 1'.-- APXHB I1A AH CCCP, p - 1, N2 3156; Ma.l108U4KaR Jl. H. OT4eT 0
pacKofIKax ACTpaxaHcKoH apXeOJI0rI14eCKOH 3KcnellHu,I1H 13 1965 I'. APXHB
I1A AH CCCP, p 1, N2 3429; ll/u.IloB B. fl. OT4eT ACTpaxaHcKoH apXe0J10rH-
4eCKOH 3CneLI.HUHH 3a 1966 r. APXHB VIA AH CCCP, pi, N
 4625.
,t) CM.: WlI.Jl08 B. n. OT4eT 0 paCKonKax ACTpaxaHcKoH apxe0J10rI14eCKOH
3KcneRHUHH ;
£1 1962 r. APXHB VIA AH CCCP, p---], N
} 272R
57 CM.. llJU./lon n. [7. ()TlfeT 0 paCKOIlKax ACTpaxaHCKO
f 3KcneLLHUHH
APXHB I1A AH CCCP, pi, N
 2380.
"K CM.: WU.IlOLJ B. 11. OT4eT 0 p£1cKonKax ACTpaxaHcKoH 3Kcne.n.Hu,HH 33
1964 1'.- APXHB l1A AH CCCP, pi, N2 3156.
59 CM.: l"v1a.llOBUltKaR J/. H. ()T4eT () paCKonKax ACTpaxaHcKoH a pxeo.norH-
4ecKoH 3KCneLI.HUHI1 3£1 1963 1'.- APXHH YfA AH CCCP, p--l, "N2 27'sO.
bO CM.: ClI.HUl{blH if. B., 3poHueB Y. 3. HOBble apXe0J10rH4eCKHe naMHTHHKH
Ha TeppWfopHH KaJIMblIl.KOH ACCP (no pacKonKaM 1962 1963 1'1'.). 3J1HcTa,
1966, BbIn. 2.
61 CM.. CUHUl{blH if. E.,3poHue8 Y. 3. 3JIHCTHHCKHH MOrHJ1bHHK. 3.I1HCTa,
1971, BbIn. 3.
62 CM.: CUHUl{blH if. B. OT4eT 06 apXe0J10rH1.IecKHx pa60Tax B KaJ1MbIu,KOH
ACCP, npoH3Be.aeHHbIx B 1966 1'.--- APXHB I1A AH CCCP, p -1, N2 4223.
63 CM.: J\1UTBeeBU r. if., CKap6013eHKO B. A. KypraHHbIH MOrHJ1bHHK y C.
fBapl1.eHHbI B KH_: ()4epKH HCTOpHH H Ky.llbTypbI rlOBOJDKbH. KYH6bIlueB,
1976, c. 147---173. CapMaTcKHe IJOrpe6eHHH nepBbIx BeKOB 6bI.JIH OTKpbITbI B KYP-
raHHbIX MOrHJ1bHHKaX AH.n.peeBcKoM 11 BH.JI0BaTCKoM (c006Ul('HHe 11. 5. BaCHJ1beBa).


51 CM.: TaM )Ke, c. 120- l21.
52 CM.: OaMHTHHKH HH)KHero nOBOJ1fKbH --- MaTepHaJlbl H HCCJle):J,OBaHHH no
apXeOJl0rHH CCCP (.n.aJ1ee MI1A). lv\., 1959, .N
 GO
 JlpeBllocTH HHIKHero 110-
BOJlfKbH.-- N\yIA. M., 1960, J'V2 78.
14


15