ttCNMNUT
*NCF 7К-Ш
ENGINEERING DESIGN
HANDBOOK
EXPLOSIVES SERIES
PROPERTIES OF EXPLOSIVES
OF MILITARY INTEREST
I.S.	ARMY MATERIEL С0ММАЮ	JANUARY 1971
HEADQUARTERS
UNITED STATES ARMY MATERIEL COMMAND
WASHIhCON, D. C. 70315
AMC PAMPHLE.	29 ’anuary 19’1
No. 706-177*
ENGINEERING DESIGN HANDBOOK
PROPERTIES OF EXPLOSIVES OF MILITARY INTEREST
?&•.
РЕКРАСЖ........................................................................    v
ШВПАП0К ABD SYMBOLS.............................................................Vil
ШКШХПОМ.........................................................................  1
JMatol, 80/20................................................................... 12
Aantol, 60/40.................................................................   14
Aantol, 50/50................................................................... 16
BmmmsI.........................................................................  19
Anaoolu* Nitrate.............................................................    21
Jmaonfu* Perchlorate..........................................................   26
Ananxiliss Picj a te—See; Explosive D
Baratol......................................................................... 29
Baronal........................................................................  33
Black Powder.................................................................... 35
1,2,4-Butanetrlol Trinltrete	(BTTN) Liquid....................................  40
Conpooltlon A-3...............................................................   43
Conpooltlo- В................................................................... 46
Cocpoeltlon B, Desensitised..................................................... 51
Conposltion C.................................................................   53
Composition C-2..............................................................    55
Composition C-3................................................................. 57
Conposltlon C-4................................................................. 59
Copper Chlorotetrazole........................................................   63
Cyanuric TriazIde............................................................... 66
Cyclonite (BOX)................................................................. 69
Cyclotol, 75/25...............................................................   76
Cyclotol, 70/30................................................................. 79
Cyclotol, 65/35................................................................. 81
Cyclotol, 60/40................................................................. 83
Cyclotrinethylene Trinitrosanine................................................ 86
ЭВХ (gepth Bpnh Explosive).......................................................91
1,3~01аа1по~2,4,6-Тг1п1сгоЬспгепе (DATNB)....................................... 95
Mazodlnltiaphenol............................................................... 99
Methylene Glycol Mnltrate (DECK) Liquid.........................................103
Bis(2,2-Dlnttropropyl) Punarate (DNPF)..........................................107
BlsIl^-MnitropL'opyl) Succinate (DNPS)..........................................110
2,2-Dlnltropropyl-4,4.4-Trlnirrobjtyrate (DHPTB)................................113
*This paephlef supersedes ЛИС? 706-177, 2? March 1967, Including Change 1,
20 December 1967.
АМСР 706-177
TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont'r)
Pays
2,4-	Dinitrotoluene (DNT)..............................................11C
Dipentecrythrltol Hexdaltrate (PPEHN).............................................1 c
Dynaaite, Lus Velocity, Plcatlnny Aisenal (LVD)...................................
Dynaaite, Medlua Velocity, Hercules (MV!>)......................................  125
EC Blank bra......................................................................128
EBU--See: Haleltc
Ednaul. 55/45....u............................................................    120
Ethylene Glycol Di-Trinitrobutyrite (GiNB)........................................133
Explosive D (Aaaonlun Picrate)........ .........................................  136
Glycerol Monolactate Trinitrate (GLTN) Liquid.....................................140
Glycol Dinitrate (РЖ) Liquid......................................................143
P-6.............................................................................. 146
Halelte (Ethylene Dinittaalne) (EDNA).............................................150
HBX-1.........................................................................    156
HEX- .............................................................................159
HEX-24............................................................................164
HEX-48........................................................................... 166
2,4,6,2',4‘-6'-Hexanltro-oxanlilde (HNO).......................................  .170
beta-IMX........................................................................  173
HTA-3.............................................................................178
Lead Aside............................................................  -.........182
Lead 2,4-Dinitroresorclnate (LUiF.)...............................................187
Lead 4,6-Dlnltroresocrlnol Basic (LDNR Basic).....................................190
Lead Styphnate..................................................................  193
Mannitol Hexanitrate (Nltroaannlte)...............................................197
Mercury Fulainate.................................................................201
Metrlol Trinitrate (MTN) Liquid (or Trlnethylolethane Trinitrate).................206
Minol-2...........................................................................209
MOX-1............................................................................ 213
MOX-2B............................................................................215
MOX-3B........................................................................    218
MOX-4B... ......................................................................  220
MOX-6B......................................"...................................	..222
Nitrocellulose. 12.61 N (NC)....................................................  226
Nitrocellulose, 13.45’ N (NC).....................................................227
Nitrocellulose, 14.141 N (NC).....................................................228
ii
ЛКСР 706-177
TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont'd)
ftw
Pltroglycerin (Liquid).............................................................233
Ritroguanidine.................................................................... .. 239
Hitroiaobutylglycervl Trinitrate	i NIBTN) Liquid)................................243
KitroaathMie—Stt: PLX Liquid
Nitroetnrch Oaaolltlcn	S>iloalve	(JSX)...........................................246
Octol, 70/30............л..........................................................249
Octol, 75/25...................................................................... 254
PB-RDX.............................................................................25Э
Pantaerythrltol Trinitrate (PETRIN)................................................265
Partaerythrltox Trinitroacryla'.e (.PETRIN Acrylate) (Trlnitroxypentaerythrl tol
Acrylate)...................................................................269
Pentolite, 50/50; 10/90.........................................................   272
PETR (Pantaerythcitol Tetraritrate)................................................276
Picnaide (TEA) (2,4,6-Trinitroanlllne)...........................................  282
Picratol, 52/48................................................................    285
Picric Acid....................................................................... 288
P’»F...............................................................................294
Pluri>atol..,,.x...................................................................296
PLX (Litui43....;..................................................................298
Potaaaiua Di».lirob«.zfuroxan	(KDNBF).............................................302
PTX-1............................................................................  306
PTX-2..............................................................................309
PVA-4..............................................................................312
PVR (Polyvinyl Nltr-te)............................................................315
RDX—o’ea; Cyclonite- Coapoaltiona A-3: В; C-2; C-3; .'-4
RIPE.............................................................................. 318
Silver Azide.....................................................................  320
Теtrecent......................................................................    324
Tetranitrocarbezole (TRC)......................................................... 327
2,4,2',4'-Tetranitro-oxanlllde (TRO)...............................................331
Tetryl.........................................................................    335
Tetrytol, 80/20..............................................................      341
Tetrytol, :.V25................................................................    343
Tetrytol, 70/30...............................................................     345
Tetrytol, 65/35................................................................... 34?
ТЭТ (Trinitrotoluene)............................................................  350
111
АМСРТОМП
T8BL8 ЭГ CONTKMTS (con.'d)
Й82.
forpas.........................................................................  359
lt3t3-TriaKiuo»2,4t6-Triaitrobaiu«M (TAIKB).................................   .3u*
Triethylana Glycol binitrata (¥SGM) Liquid..................................    367
Trlacuita.....................................................................  370
212,2-Trlnitroathyl~«> 4,4-Ttlnitrobutyrate (TKKTB) ............................373
Trinitro Triasodibanaara....................................................    370
Tripuneaarychritol Octaaitrata (TPMH)....................................  .....381
Tritonal, 00/20.................................................................ЗГ6
Taltax Ko. 448................................................................ .391
1v
АМСР 706-177
PREFACE
The* engineering Design Handbott Serlis of the Any Materiel Coaanand 1s a coordinated
series of nandixeks containing bail: infonaation and fundamental data useful In the design
and development of Any materiel ant systems. The handbooks are authoritative reference
<jok$ of practical Information and quantitative facts helpful in the design and development
of Anqy materiel so that It will meet th*, tectickl and technical needs of the Armed Forces.
AMCP 7(*>-177, Properties of Explosive.' of Military Intsrsst, is one of a series on
Explosives. One hundred an< ten explosive compounds or mixtures are listed herein, alpha-
betically, with their properties, Including composition variation. Thes* explosives were
selected because of their current or probab.' application to military use.
The tabulated data reflect the results cf tests, and were irst compiled for publica-
tion at Plcatlnny Arsenal, Dover, New Jersey, by N- R- ’’’nmlinson, Jr. These data were
later revised by Oliver E. Sheffield, also of Plcatlnny Arsenal. fc* the Engineer! 'g Hand-
book Office of Duke University, prime co tractor to the Arap Nauirl Ccamand.
The Handbooks are readily available to all elements cf AMC, including personnel and
contractors having a need and/or requirement. The Anqy Materiel Coamend pcilcy fs to re-
lease these Engineering Design Handbooks to ether DOO activities and their contractors
and to other Government agencies In accordance with current Anqy Regulation 70-31, dated
9 September 1966. Procedures for acquiring these Handbooks follow:
a.	Activities within AMC and other DOO agencies order direct on an official
form from:
CoawMndlnv Officer
Letterkeniyy Anqy Depot, ATTN: AMXLE-ATD
Chambersburg, Pennsylvania 17201
b.	Contractors who a.vo Department of Defense contracts should submit their
requests through their contracting officer proper Justification to the address
listed In par. a.
c.	Government agencies other than DU1 having need for the Handbooks may submit
their requests directly to the address listed in par. a or to:
Comnding General
U. £. Anqy Materiel Command
ATTN: AMCAN-ABS
Washington, D. C. 20315
d.	Industries not having Government contracts (this Includes colleges and
Universities) must forward their requests to:
Cowanding General
U. S. Anqy Materiel Command
ATTN: AMCRD-TV
Washington, 0. C. 20315
e. All foreign requests must be submitted through the Washington, D.
Embassy to:
Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence
Foreign Liaison Office
Department of the Anqy
Washington, 0. C. 20310
All requests, other than those originating within OOD, must be accompanied by a
valid justification.
Comments and suggestions on this handbook are welcomed and should be addressed
to Anqy Research Office-Durham, Box CM, Duke Station, Durham, North Carolina 27706.
AMCP70G-177
ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS
-V
AC
ACS
AISI
Ann
Ann chin phys
AP
APG
atz.
Ball
Bar
BIOS GP2-HEC
BM
Bull Soc c<iln
CA
calc
Chan Ket Eng
Chin at Ind
Coup rand
c₽
CR
dec
AH
DRP
E
E
Gazz chin ital
CP
HE
HEAT
Ind Eng Cham
J Am Chem Soc
J Chem Ind
J Chen Soc
J Frank Inst
J Ind Explo-
sives Soc
J praxt Chea
LA
Land-Bornst
H
M t
Heш poudr
8
approximately. ihi* eymool is cued before numbers.
Advisory Council on Scientific Research and Develop-
ment, Great Britain.
American Chemical Society.
American Iron rnd Stael Institute.
Liebig’s Annalen der Chemie.
Annales de chlaie at de physique.
armor-piercing.
Aberdeen Proving Ground.
etmosphern; atmospheric pressure.
Beilatein Organische Chenie, 4th Edition.
Berichte der Deutschen Chemiachen Gesellschaft.
British Intelligence Overseas Service or Objective
Subcommittee, Group 2, Halstead Exploiting Center.
Bureau of Mines, United States Department of Interior.
Bulletin de la societe' chlmique de France.
Chemical Abstracts.
calculated.
Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering.
Chinle et Industrie.
Compton rendus hebdonadaires des reances de
I’Academie des Sciences (Parlp).
ceutipolce.
l.omptes rendus hebdonadaires des saances de
I’academle des Sciences (Paris).
decomposes.
difference in heat (l.e., heat evolved) by decomposition.
Deutsches Reichspatent.
modulus of elasticity or "Young's modulus"; longitudinal
stress/change in length; (force/area)/(alongation/
length); expr-ssed in lb/inc\ .
same as Z, but expressed in dynes/cm?.
Gazzetta C’.ilmlca Italiana.
general purpose.
high explosive.
high explosive antitank.
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
The Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry (London).
Journal of the Chemical Society (London).
Journal of the Franklin Institute.
Journal of the Industrial Explosives Society (Japan).
Journal fur praktische Chemie,
lead az'de
Lardolt-Bornsteln Phys1ka1ish-Chemische Tabellen,
5th Edition (Berlin).
molar.
Monatshefte fur Chenie (Wein).
Memorial dea poudres et aalp^tres (Paris).
milligram.
>11
АМСР 706477
ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS (cont'd)
In
1
m/a
MW
NAVOED
NC
HDRC
NFOC
NG
HOL
HOTS
HRC
OB
OCM
OSRD
PA
PATH
Phil Tran*
Fogg Ann
Proc Boy Soc
Rec trev chin '
RH
RI
SAB
SAP
eol
Spec
aid dev
TH
TM/TO
Trans Farad Soc
vac stab
Z angew Chen
Z anorg Cher*
Z ges Schleis-
SprengstofI*
Z/ssc
minimum,
milliliter,
meterc per secund,
molecular weight.
Bureau of Ordnance (V. S. ’’vy)
nitrocellulose.
Index of refraction, wit1" D band of sodium es light
source, at twenty degrees centigrade.
Rational Defense Reeesrch Committee.
Rational Fireworks Ordnance Corporetlon.
nitroglycerin.
U. S- Naval Ordnance Laboratory, White Oak, Silver
Spring, Maryland.
U. S. Naval Ordnance Teat Station, China Lake, Cellf
Rational Research Council,
oxygen balance.
Ordnance Committee Minutes.
Office of Scientific Research end Development
Plcatlnny Araenal.
Picatlnay Arsenal Technical Report.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of
London.
Poggendorf's Annalen der Physlk.
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London.
Recuall des traveux chlmiquea des Pays-Bas.
relative humidity.
Report of Investigation.
Society of Automotive Engineers,
aeml-armor-plercing.
solution.
Specifications,
standard deviation.
Technical Manual, Department of the Агву,
joint publication, as a TM and as a Department of th
Air Force Technical Order.
Transactions of the Faraday Society
vacuum stability.
Zeltschrift fur angewandte Chemie.
Zeltschrift fur anorganlache und allgemeine Chemie.
Zeltschrift fur das gesemte Schless und Sprengstoff-
wessen (Muncben).
atoms of oxygr ’ per second.
Will
АМСРШ177
RROF^RTIES OF EXPLOSIVES OF MILITARY INTEREST
INTRODUCTION
1. ятыдмиу A RgQKT ar SnOAKDARD ДЯГВ. Mo effort «ы «лйе tc cover au the existing
literature, litter open or 'classified security inforaation, on ечу explosive, tether, the
mln resouzu* has teen retorts frcsi facilities using. standard c*? vell-knovn test procedures.
g, ОИйХЖ» Oompilation of date resulting in this handbook was undertaken by Plcatlnny Arsenal
perteOMiabo desired to provide a manual tabulating the characteristics of explosives, based
on tests, with regard to current, and possible future, interest. Ле first resulting Plcatlnny
Areere'l publication was dated go June 19*»9. Revision 1, PA Technical Report Bo. 1T*>O, dated
Aprli. WS, with revisions, provides the data used herein.
j. flOCHU Tabulated date of teste on one hundred and ten explosive comptAinds ar mixtures
Include sensitivity to Metlon, impact, heat; performance characteristics or effbctivunees
in weapons; physical and chenical properties; and method of preparatloc, synthesis or manufhc-
tore, with comments on I .storiesI origin, and supplementary references.
... МИИВСТ ИОВАДОИЗ ЛИР SOURCES. Ле references, as to sources of date or for more details
in Methods of testing, have been listed, when available, at the e.'d of each section devoted to
a given explosive coopound, explosive mixture, or explosive Ingres tent. Where no reference is
given, it can be assured that these date represent typical values dbv.lned by standard proce-
dures. When available any reference should be consulted for aore details in interpreting test
date.
Also there are listed Plcatlnny Arsenal Technical Reports which contain <lditlcnal informa-
tion on the particular exnlosive. These report numbers are given In ascending order, in columns
corresponding co their teixinal digits, and in accordance with the "Uniterm Iidex" prepared for
Plcatlnny Arsenal by DocusentatLon Incorporated under Contract DAI-S^-OS^-SOl-ORD-CP)-^ (1955).
5.	ЯИЛЖДОН Cf TOMS AMD METHODS Of ШЗДВВ. Data ьге tabulated herein on three form-type
pager, in the folfwlng sequence of headings. Many of these terms are self-explanatory.
a. First tabular page.
(1)	Marne of the explosive in each Instance.
(2)	"Composition."
(3)	’'Inpact Sensitivity: 2 Kg Wt."
(a)	Iqpect sensitivity test for solids, (a)*
А sample (approxfrecely 0.02 gram) of explosive is subjected to the action of a falling
weight, usually 2 kilograms. A 20-mllligram sample of explosive Is always used in the Bureau
of Mines (BM) apparatus when testing solid explosives. The weight of sample used In the Pica-
tinry Arsenal (PA) apparatus is Indicated in each case. The Impact test value is the minimum
•Reference publications (a through q), applying to thic introduction. are listed at the end of
the introduction.
1
AMCF’M-ГП
height at, which st’ least ana of 10 t-tEola resul+tib fen^sai-en. For the BN apparatus, the unit
of height is the centimeter; for the PA apparatus» it is -the inch. In ths fbrmr, .the explo-
sive is held between two flat, parallel. hardened (C 63 x 2) utecl surfaces; in the latter case,
it is placed In the dapraesioti °i" a small eteel die-cup, capped by a thin brass cover, in the
center of which is placed a tlotted-vented-cyllndrical steel plug, slotted side deem. In the
M apparatus, the ijqact inpulse is transmitted to the sample by the upper flat surface, in the
PA, by the vented pltg. The main difference* between the two tests are that the PA tact (1)
involves greater confinement, (2) distributes the translational iamulse over a smaller area
(due to the inclined sides of the die-cup cavity), end (3) involves a frictional component
'against the inclined sides).
The teat value obtained with the PA apparatus depends, to a narked degree, on the sanpl*'
density. This value indicates the hasard to be expected on subjecting the particular sample
to an impact blow, but is of value in assessing a material's inherent sensitivity only If the
apparent density (charge weight) is recorded along with the inpact test value. The values tabu-
lated herein were obtained ол notarial screened between $0 and 100 mesh, U. S. Standard Screens
where nlngle component explosives are involved, and through 50 mesh for the mixtures.
(b)	Impact sensitivity test for liquids, (b)
The И Impact Test for liquids Is run in the sane way as foi solids. The dis-cup Is filled
and the top of the liquid meniscus adjusted to coincide with the plane of the top rin of the
die-cup. To date, this visual observation has been found adequate to assure that the liquid
does not wet the die-cup ria after the brass cap has been set in place. Thus fhr the repro-
duclbllltyof data dbtelnnd in this way indicate that variations in «ample else obtained are
not significant.
In the case of the BN apparatus, the procedure that was described for solids is used with
the following variations:
1.	Tan weight of explosive tested is 0.<J07-ga.
2.	A disc of desiccated filter paper (Whstear. Ro. 1) 9.5-mlllineter disaster.- is laid on
eadT’drop, on the anvil, and then the plunger is lowered on the sample absorbed in the filter
paper.
(b)	"Friction Pendulum Test.” (c)
A 7.0-gm sample of explosive, 50-100 mesh, is exposed to the action of a steel, or fiber,
shoe swinging as a pendulum at the end of a long steel rod. The betevior of the sawpie is
described qualitatively to indicate its reaction to this experience, l.e-, the most energetic
reaction io explosion, and in decreasing order of severity of reactio n snaps, cracks, and
unaffected.
(5)	"Rifle Bullet Impact Test.' (d)
Approximately 0.5-pound of explosive is leaded in the same manner as it is losded for actual
use: that is, cast, pressed, or liquid in a 3-inch pipe nipple (2-inch inside diameter, 1/16-
inch wsdl) closed on each end by a cap. Hie loaded item, in the standard test, contains a small
edr space which can, if desired, be filled by inserting a wax pltvy* The loaded item la sub-
jected to the inpact of a caliber .30 bullet fired perpendicularly to the long axis of the pipe
nipple, from a distance of 90 feet.
2
АМСР 706-177
(6)	"Explosion Tesperature. ’ (a)
A 0.02-gm sample (0.01-gm Id th* case of Initiator») of explosive, Loose loaded in a №>. 8
bleating cap, la литЗ for a short period In <1 Wood в metal bath. -S«e temperature determined
la that which produces srnloolon, ignition or dace position o? the sample in 5 second?, and the
behavior of the sasqile is Indicated by "Explode»" or "Ignites” or "Decompose»" placed beside the
value. Where values were available for tinea other than 5 seconds, these have been included,
for 0.1-second values, no cap was used- but the explosive was placed directly on Wood1» metal
bath, itasedlately after cleaning, The valuo 0.1 second Is estimated, not determined, and repre-
sents an Interval regarded as Instantaneous to the observer's eye. Dashes Indicate no action-
(7)	"75°C International Beat Test." (a)
A 10-gm sample is heated, for 48 hours at 75°C. The sample a‘ter this exposure is observed
for signs of decospositlon or volatility.
(8)	"100°C Heat Test." (a)
A 0.6-gm sample it heated for two 48-hour periods at 100°C. It is also noted whether expo-
sure at 100°C for 100 hours results in explosion.
(9)	"Flamatllity Index." (h)
The measure of the likelihood that ‘. bare cher^e will catch fire when exposed to flames 1»
the Index of flaxnabillty. The test is made by bringing an oaqdiydrogan flame to bear on the
explosive. The naxlnum time of exposure which gives no Ignition In 10 trials and the minimum
exposure which gives ignition in each of 10 trials are determined. The index of flamsablllty
is 100 divided by the mean of the two times in seconds. The most flamaable substances have high
indices, e.g., 250.
(10)	"Hygroscopicity."
A 5- to 10-gm sample Is exposed for hygroscopicity under the etated conditions, until equili-
brium 1» attained, or In cases vhere either the rate is extremely low, or very large amounts of
water are picked up, for the stated time. The sample, If solid, is prepared by sieving through
a JO and on a 100 mesh screen.
(11)	"Volatility.”
A ,1-gm stable Is exposed for volatility under the stated conditions. Ihe sample if solid
is prepared by sieving through a 50 and on a 100 mesh sieve.
(12)	"Molecular Weight."
The molecular weight (MW) of a mixture can be calculated from the equation
MW of mixture •	. 100
_5_+ _L+ _£_ + JL
mw^ mvg mvj mwn
where a, b, c and & sre the weight p-.:rcents of the compcnents, and mvi, ш»2, “*3 and mvc their
corresponding molecular weights.
3
Aitcpm-in
(13)	"Oxygen Balance.”
Пи «W* balance (СВ) 1* cal. lated from the esplrioal fontul* of a ooxpound in percentage
at «КПШ required for complete oouveraion of oarwoe to carton dioxide (or oartcn aoooxlda) and
hyteegen to water. Vhan aetal la present the reactions are asaniaed to occur in the following
' dan
Metal + 0 ------- Metal Oxide
C + HgO 11 CO +
00g + Hg ------fr CO + HgO
200 * Qg ------> 2C0a
Procedure flor calculating uxygea balance is to de tend ne the nunber of gnaatoaa of «organ which
are омам or deficient for 100 grans of a co^ound. This nuaber aul .'plied by the atonic «sight
of oxygen gives
the oaQrpen balance: 1600 (21 +	- Z)
4 nolacular weight of ooapound  oxygen balance to COg and IgO, vt.ere X • atoaa of ^rton.
X  atom of hydrogen, Z • atosH of oxygen. The oxygen balance of a stature la equal to the
oust of the percent coa^oaltlyn ties» the oxygen balance for each coagxxient.
the oarton/hydrogen (c/g) ratio is calculated aa follower

(lb) "Density."
(1$) "Melting Point."
(16) "РГеехХод Print."
(1?) "filing Point."
(18) "Refractive index.”
(19) ’Vacuua Stability Heat.” (a)
A 5.0-gn easgle (1.0 в* far initiators), after having been carefully dried is heated for
bO hours, in vacuo at the desired tenperature.
(20) "200 Oran Bcab 3und Test."
(a) SSnd test for solids, (a)
A O-b-ga sample of explosive, pressed at 3000 pounds per squsure inch into a So. 6 cap, is
initiated by lead aside, or mercury fUlainate (or, if necessary, ty lead aside und tetryl), in
a sand test bosh containing 200 gn of "on 30 nesh" Ottawa sand. The amount of aside, or of
tetryl, that oust be used, to insure that the sear Is .rushes the Msytini». ™»t. weight of sand,
is designated aa its sensitivity to Initiation and ths net weight of sand crushed, finer than
4
АМСР 706-177
30 mesh, 1* tarmod the —ad beet ytlue. The net weight of слой crushed le obtained by гЛ-
tzacting fT— the tctai*lhe amount —uahed by the Initiator idten ehot alone.
(b) Send test for liquid-’. (b)
Ihe —nd test for liquid! la nad. in accordance with the procedure given for solids except
that the following procedure for loaning the teat aaaplea la eubstituted:
Cut the doted end from a Ko. 6 bleating cep and load one end of the resulting cylinder
with 0.20 ga of lead aside and 0.25 gm of tetryl, uaing a pressure of 3000 pal for coneoil-
dating each charge. With a pin, prick the powder train in one end of a piece of miner’a black
powder fU— 8 or 9 indict long. Crimp to the pricked end a loaded cylinder, taking cere that
the end of the fu— la held firmly against the charge in the cep. crisp near the mouth of the
cep ao aa to avoid squeezing the charge. Transfer a weighed portion of O.bOO ga of the teat
explosive to an almnum cap, taking precautions when the explosive la liquid to insert +ne
aa—le in such a manner that aa little aa r—Bible adheres to the aide valla of the cap, ~id
sben a solid material la being tented use material fine enough to paaa through a Ko. 100 U. S.
Standard Sieve. Die caps used shall be of the following dimensions: length 2.00 Inches, in-
ternal diameter 0.2^8-inch, —11 thickness 0.025-lnch. Press solid explosives, after Insertion
into the aluminum cap, by means of hand pressure to an apparent density of approximately 1.2 ga
per cubic centimeter. Dili was done by exerting band pressure on a wooden plunger until the
plunger had entered the cap to a depth of 3>93 centimeten. Folloving are the dimensions of
the Interior of the cap: height 5-00 cm, ar— of cross section 0.312 square centimeters. In-
sert the cylinder containing the fuse and explosive charge of tetryl and lead aside into the
aimnua cap containing the test explosive for the determination of —nd crushed.
(21)	"Sensitivity to Initiation."
This is sensitivity to initiation aa described under the preceding heading. The minion,
detonating charge, ingress, required to detonate the explosive sample, la given.
(22)	"Ballistic Mortar, J> ТЭТ." (e)
The amount of sample uuder test which la necessary to raise the heavy ballistic mortar to
the same height to which It t s raised by IO gm of trinitrotoluene (ТЭТ) is determined. The
sample la th— rated, on a proportionate basis, as having a certain ТЭТ valie, i.e., as being
a certain percent aa effective aa ТЭТ In this respect. The formula is
ТЭТ value - —IP , ,,, x 100.
sa—>le weight
The ballistic mortar consists of a long cospound supporting rod, at the end of which la sup-
ported a heavy short-nosed mortar. The mortar contains a chamber about 6 inches in di see rer
and 1 foot long. A projectile occupies about 7 Inches of the rhaaher and the sample to be
tested occupies a small portion of the remainder of the chamber. When the sample la detonated,
the projectile 1j driven into a sand bank, and the mortar swings through — angle which la
carted on peper by a pencil attached to the mortar. The angle thus indicates the height to
which the pendulum is rtlaed by the explosion, and thia latter represents the energy measured
by this test procedure.
(23)	"Trauzl Test, $ ТЭТ." (d)
A sample of the explosive to be tested (of the order of 10 gm) Is exploded in a cavity, or
borehole, 25-nm In diameter and 125-mn deep, In a lead block 200-am in diameter and 200-nm in
height. The borehole 1^ made centrally in the up; ~ face of —ch block, which Is cast in e mold
from desilverized 1—d of the best quality. Although these tests have been sole ' nder a variety
5
АМСР 706-17?
of condition», where possible th* data have been taken from or related to those of Reference f
(Nkoum). Here a No 8 blasting cap was ueed for Initiation of thf sample contained in glass.
The weight of saz^le used им adjusted to give, with the initiator, a tot*.1, expansion of 250 to
JOO cc, since within this range expansion and sample weight were linearly related under the con-
ditions '* Taoun’s test. Thus expansions for equivalent weights were readily calculated, and
the tes; alue expressed in percent of the expansion of an equivalent weight of TNT,
(2b) "Plate Dent Test." (d)
Two methode were used for plate dent testa.
(a)	Method A - Ine charge is contained in a copper tube, having an internal diameter
of 3/l»-lnch and 1/16-1 nch wall. This loaded tube Is placed vertically on a square piece of
cold-rolled steel plate, 5/8-inch thick; U-inch and З-1/U-inch square plate gave the sane re-
sults. The steel plate *a in a horizontal position and rests in turn on a short length of
heavy steel tubing 1-1/2 inches ID and 3 inches 0D. The charge rests on the centei of the
plate md the centers of the charge, plate, and supporting tube are in the same line. A 20-gm
charge of the explosive under test is ooostered by a 5-6® pellet of tetryl, in turn initiated
by a No- 8 detonator.
(b)	Mathod В - A 1-5/8-lnch diameter, 5-inch long uncased charge la fired on a
l-j/U-lnch thick, 5-square Inch cold-rolled steel plate, with one or more similar plates us
backing. The charge is Initiated with a Ko. 8 detonator and two 1-5/8-inch diemeter, JO-gm
tetryl boosters.
Plate dent test value, or relative brisance = Saagle Dent Depth	x
Dent Depth for ШТ at 1.Ы ga/ac.
(25)	"^location Rate." (g)
The detonation rates reported in the tables contained herein were determined principally by
using the rotating drum camere, under the conditions stated, e.g., usually charges 1 inch in
diameter, 20 inches long, wrapped in cellulose acetate sheet, and initiated by a system designed
to produce high order stable detonation at the maximum rate under the particular ejndltions. A
tj-nical initiating system for this consisted of four tetryl pellets 0.995 inch In diameter, 0.75
inch long, pressed to 1.50 gm/cc, with a Corps of Engineers special blasting cap placed in a
ce .tral hole In the end pellet.
b.	Second tabular page.
(1)	"Booster Sensitivity Test." (p)
The booster sensitivity test procedure is a scaled up modification of thu Bruqeton method
(unconilned charge). The source of the shock consists of twe tetryl pellets, each 1.57 inches
diameter by 1.60 inches high, of approximately 100 gm total weight. The initial shock is de-
graded through wax spacers of cast Acrewax B, 1*5/6 inches diameter. The test charges are 1-5/8
inches diameter by 5 inches long. The value given is the thickness of wax in inches at the 50$
detonation point. The weight of tetryl pellet noted is the minimum which will produce detona-
tion with the spacer indicated.
(2)	"Heat of (calorimetric tests). (i)
Heats of combustion and explosion are generally determined on samples weighing of the order
of 1 to 2 gm, In standard calorimeter bombs such as the Parr or Emerson, approximately UOO cc 
(for low loading density), or the Boas, approximately 1»5 cc (for high loading density). For
6
АМСР 706-177
heats of combustion the ицЦ« is burned under ebout 1*0 atmospheres of oxygen; flor heats of
explosion, nitrogen, or cm atmosphere of air la used*
(3)	"Specific Beat."
(1*) "Burning Rate."
(5)	"Themed. Conductivity"
(6)	"Coefficient of Expansion. ”
(7)	"mrdneaa, Nohs' Scale."
(8)	"Toung'a Modulus."
(9)	"Coapresslve Suer4? th."
(10)	"Vapor Pressure."
(11)	"Decomposition Bjuatlon."
(12)	"Armor Plate Impact Test." (j)
(a)	6o-sn Mortar Projectile.
A modified бО-sn, M*<M2, mortar projectile is loaded with the explosive to be tested, drilled
to the proper depth (about 1/2 inch), and a flat-based steel plug screwed into the projectile to
give a smooth dose-fit between the plug base and the charge. The pert of the plug outside the
projectile is rounded off In the for* of a spherical section. The loaded projectile with fins
attached Is fired fro* a five foot length of 2-3/8 Inches ID x 3-3/8 Inches OD Shelby steel tub-
Э. The igniter Jid propelling charge, consisting of an igniter for a 2. Эб-lnch rocket (basoo-
, 5 gm of 4F blck pu«uer, and a quantity of shotgun propellant sufficient to give the desired
velocity (read from a calibration chart) are conveniently loaded into the "gun" through в simple
breech plug. The velocities are Measured electronically, and the reaction, inert or affected,
Is determined by observation (e.g., whether or not flash occurs on impact). Within the range of
flight stability of the projectile, 200-1100 ft/sec, the 50^6 point is located.
(b)	500-lb General purpose Bombs-
(13)	"Bomb Drop Test."
Bomb drops are made using bombs assembled in the conventional manner, as for service usage,
but containing either ineit or sloe bated fuzes. The target is usually reinforced concrete.
c.	Third tabular page.
(1)	"fragmentation Test." (1)
The weight of each empty projectile and weight of water displaced by the explosive charge is
determined, and from this the specific gravity of the charge is calculated. All 3-1nch and
90-nm nrojectiles are initiated by M20 Booster pellets, and those used with 3-inch HE. M*»2A1,
Dot КС-5 and 90-na> HE, МП, Dot WC-91 projectiles are controlled In weight and height aa follows:
22.50 ± 0.10 gm, and 0.1*80 to O.U85 inch.
АМСР7М4П
The projectile asssshled with fur», actuated by a Blasting Chp, Эреclal, Type П (Spec ,'<9-
20) pieced directly on a lead of соефегеЫе dlsmetev and booster, are placed la heme con-
structed of half-inch pine. The 90-sm projectile» are fragmented in boxes 21 x 10-1/2 x 10*1/2
inches and the 3-inch projectiles in bans 15 x 9 x 9 inches outside dii.rulcns. The box with
projectile is placed on about b feet of sand in • sieel fregmentation tub, the detonator wires
•re connected, sad the box cowered with approximately b feet ноте of ssud. The projectile is
fired and the sand run onto a gyrating b-mesh screen on which the fragments are recovered.
(2)	"fragment Velocity."
Charges 10-1/8 Inche» long and 2 laches in diameter, containing a booster cavity, filled by
a T2-gm tetryl pellet (1*3/8 inches diameter, 2 inches long, average density 1,59b) are fired
in a nodal projectile of ЭмХЬу aeenleaa tubing, 2 Inchon ID, 3 inches 0D, SAS 1020 steel, with
a welded-on cold rolled steel base. The projectile is so fired in a cheater, connected to a
corridor containing velocity stations, that a desired wedge of projectile casing fregmenta can
be observed. The fragment velocities are determined by shadow photograph»), using flash bulbs,
and rotating drum cameras, each behind three slits. The drum cameras have a writing speed of
30 asters per second.
(3)	"Blast (Relative V ТЭТ)."
The blast pressures and irvulses given were determined alooet exclusively with tourmaline
gages, and the usual necessary specialised electrical circuits, shielded cc-axial cables,
oscillographs, • \c- In general, the data represent results of tests with large cased chargee.
(b) "amped Charge Effectivenees, THT « 100." (k, m)
Unccnflned chargee 2 inches in diameter and 6 Inches long, boostered by a 10-gn pressed
tetryl pellet, set in a 20-sm pellet (truncated cone) of cast 6o/bo cyclotol, are shot against
3-inch homogeneous armor plate at a 1*3/16 inches standoff. The cores used are noinirdal Pyre,
glass funnels, sealed off at the start of the stem, 2 inches in diameter, 0.110 to 0.125 inch
well thickaeee,
Unoouflned charge» 1.63 inches in diameter and 6 inches long «re tested at a standoff of
I.63 Inches against stacks of b x b x 1 inch mild steel plates. M9A1 steel cones are used.
Results are averages of b trials.
(5)	"Color."
(6)	"Principal Uses."
(7)	"Method of Loading."
(8)	"Loading Density."
(9)	"Storage."
Ammunition and bulk explosives in storage represent varying degrees of hazard and compati-
bility. This has led to their being divided into a nuober cf hazard classes and compatibility
groups as indicated in subparagraphs (b) and (c) below.
(a)	Jfcthod: Wet or dry.
(b)	Hazard Class (Quantity-DlLtance).
8
АМСРПЫП
й sunt tian and bulk explosives ar* divided into quantity-distance claaiei, daac 1 through
12, according to the daaage expected if they explode or ignite (Kefarence: Amy Materiel Oosumim*.
Regulation, ANCR >45-100, ARC Safety Manual, chapter 17). All standard exploaivea in bulk are
ineluded In four of theoe daaeea: riaan 6, 2A, 9, and 12 (W 9-1910/TO UA-1-ЭМ*
(c)	Corjetibllity Group.
Ekploaivea and uaunition are grouped for compatibility with respect to the folloving ftctors:
1.	Effects of explosion of the item.
2.	Rate of deterioration.
3.	9e~Xxtivity to initiation.
it. Type of packlt^.
5.	Effects of fire involving the itaa.
6.	Quantity of explosive per unit.
(d)	Exudation.
d. Miscellaneous entries.
Where available and appropriate, the foilwing or related data are given, in space at
the bottom of the third fora, or on plain pages.
(1)	Solubility.
(2)	Methods of aanuftcture.
(3)	Historical inforsatlon.
(1)	Bulk cc^roMibility nodulus. (4)
Ihe direct experlnsntal naasursnant of the dynamic bulk modulus of a solid is difficult, and
few such nsasursmenta have been nade. One apparatus has been developed at the iieval Ordnance
laboratory and is described in detail in Reference 4. Bulk modulus (its reciprocal is the com-
pressibility) is refined aa the ratio of stress to strain when the stress is a pressure applied
equally on all surlkoes of the aaaplo and the strain is the insulting cftange in volume per unit
volume.
• (5) Hydrolysis testa. (0)
The 2uO-hour hydrolysis tost is conducted aa foliose: A 5*ga aaaple of the dry nitrocellu-
lose is weighed accurately in a tare-weighed 250-cc Pyrex flask hr.vlng a ground glass connection
for a fyrtx condenser. Then 100 cc of distilled enter is added to the nitrocellulose in the
flask and the flask fitted to the condenser. The flask is placed in a steen bath in which the
water is kept ЬоШэд constantly by aeons of electric hotplates. At the end of 240 hours the
amount of solid developed by the hydrolysis of the nitrocellulose is neasured by an electromatic
pH nethod.
(6)	Sensitivity to initiatlu. by electrostatic discharge, (n)
9
АМСРТОв-177
Die аацйеа are tested under two amounts of confinement, designated as unccnflned and con*
lined. In the unccnfined test, а ммфХе of spproxiBately 0.05 8“ is dumped Into a «hallow de-
pression in a «tael block and flattened out with e spatula. in the confined tests (partly
oonflrwd)- the eac^le of approximately 0.05 gm la Introduced into soft-glass tube (-*T» IIx
18 sss long) which fits over a natal peg. The volume of the «разе around the charge at zero gap
la *» 0.15 cc; at a gap of 0.6 an, It	0.4 cc. In addition to providing noderate confine-
ment, thia ajetem also minimizes dispersion of the sample by the teat eperk, and reduces the
affect of ив tert al bei. - repelled from the needle point by electrostatic field effect.
When a teat is to be nada, the needle point electrode is screwed up until the gap between
electrodes is greater than the critical gap discharge at the test voltage. The sample is then
placed in position, the high-voltage terminal of the charged condenser la switched to the point
electrode by means of a mercury switch, end the electrode Is screwed down until discharge occurs.
The spark energy (in Joules), for zero probability of ignition, is determined.
(7)	Destruction by chemical decaq*ositlon.
Burning is the preferred method of destroying explosives. Initiating type explosives (in
Quantity) are usually destroyed by detonrtlon with demolition blocks. Destruction of explo-
sives by chemical decosg-osltion can be effectively used where small laboratory Quantities are
involved. Procedures given are standard for only lead azide, mercury fulminate and nitrogly-
cerin.
(8)	other intonation.
(9)	References.
6. Н8ПНВКЖЗ СМДР PT РПЯОШСЯКЖ.1
a.	W. H. Rinkwnbach and A. J. dear. Standard Laboratory Procedures for Sensitivity,
Brisance, and Stability of Bzplosives, BAlb ’о. 14ol, 18 №rdh 1944, Revised 2b February 1950.
b.	W. fl. Tomlinson, Jr. and A. J. dear, Development of Standard Testa — Application of
thelwact and Sand Testa to the Study of Bltroglycertu and Other Liquid ^plosives, BATRl(o.
173B, 13 June 1949.
c.	J. H. Mdvor, Friction Pendulum, PA Testing Manual 7-1, 8 May 1950.
d.	Departments of ths Any and the Air Force Joint Technical Manual and Technical Order,
Ш 9-1910/tc llA-l-3b, Military Explosives, April 1955.
a. J. H. Mdvor, wanistlc Mortar Test, PA Testing Manual 7-2, 8 May 1950.
f.	Ph. Mourn, Z gee Schiese-Sorengetoffw, pp. 181, 229, 267 (27 June 1932).
g.	0. J. MieUer, Equipment for the Study of the Detonation Process, PATH No. 1465,
4 July 19И.
h.	NEBC Interim Report, Preparation and Testing of Explosives, Nos. PT-19 snd PT-20,
February-April 1944.
1. Unnie E. Newman, PA Chemical Laboratory Report Nos. 127815 and 134476, 11 January 1951.
J. Report АС-2963/Org Expl 179.
For Information regarding source of references, inquiries should be made to the Commander,
U.S. Army Research Office--Durham, ATTN: CRDARD-EH, Box CM, Duke Station, Durham, North Carolina
27706.
10
ЛМСР706-1П
к. Baatern Dabcaatory, du Pont, Xmreatiaation of Ovlty Effect, Section III, Variation at
ОкгШг Effect vl th Ooapoaltion, MERC Contract V-bVfe-OTUX-LTtj,
1- j. И. Kclror, Pmpeentaticn Teat Irocetoea, RA Tseti^ Manual 5-1, 2A Auguet 1950.
a. Maatam laboratory, du Pont, Inveetigatlon of Cavity Effect, Final Report, 18 Septaaber
19^3, ШКС Contract V.5T2-0BD-5723*
n. p. W. Brown, D. H. Khalcr, and F. C. Gibaon, senaitivlty of Kxploeivea to Initiation
by ELectroatatic Maehargua, U. S. Department of Interior, Bureau of nnea, R. I. yt&, 1^6,
o. D. D. Sager, Study of Add Adeorptloc and Rydrolyaie of Oelluloee Bitrate and Oelluloae
Sulphate, BAIR Jfo. 1?4 12 JanuaryTJS.
p. L. C. SOdth and E. H. Ryater, Huraical Teatirg of Exploairea, Part Ш, Ittacellaneoua
Senaltlvity Teata, perforaance Jeata, CiffiD Report Яо. Hfkb, zf tieceaber 1^45.
Q. c* S. Sandler, An Acouatic Technique for Maaauring the Effective Broadc KUiNpdulna
of KLaatidty and Aaeodated boon factor of Rubber and raaatioa, MVORD Report lb. 1^й. 1 Зёр-
tMber 19$Ь.
W. S. Craaer, Bulk Cotdreealbllity Data on Severe! Bploairea, MAVORD Deport Mo. ^3SO,
15 Saptaaber 1956.
11
amcpw-177
Anetol, 80/gp
	MoImvIw Wk^htt
Atteonlua Kltrete	80 ttr	ao	Ому^мь BoImmoi co» %	*1 CO %	+11
	Sentityi gm/cc	(Mat	1.46
	MoMsf Mott *C
C/H Ratto	•WW1 w
Import SoMbMty» 1 Kg Wti Bureau of Mines Apparatus, cm	90 Sample Wt 20 mg PleoNnny Arsenol Apparatus, tn.	15 Sampto Wt, mg	17	Ob^^o WWoWalJ гвип w
	4? *4? ai i
пш1<|) ^явясяя1 lew* Stool Shoo	Unaffected fiber Shoo	Unaffected	gl^Mmy cc/40 Hn, at 90"C 100*C	0.И I2O*C	0.95 !35X J5O*C	6-8
Mo BaBrt Import Toth 5 Trioh % Eaptaetons	0 Partial»	0	
Burned	0 Unaffected	100	M8 «rem Bomb Seed Tertt Sand, gm	35.5
Raptedoe Teeteeralere:	*C Second», 0.1 (no cap toed) 1 5 Оесстфооее 260 10	Вй (явМвМойз Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Load Azide	0.20 Totryi	0.07
20	BoMrtic Mono*, % TNT: (в)	IJO
	Treed Tort, % TXT:	(b)	123
7J'C tatomotieeef Meet Tertt % Lorn in 48 Hr»	0.06	
	teeto Doot Tort: Method
1M*C Hoot Tert: % Lost, l«t 48 Hr»	0.03 % Loot, 2nd 48 Hr»	0.05 Exptoeton in 100 Hr»	Bone	Condition Confined Dontity, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
	
НмвямЫВ^ 1в4вк*	Confinement	Nor»	Bone
Ышмадд*1ркм* 3D°C. «X RH. 2 dove	61	Charge Dtomev»', In.	1.0	1.0 Density, gm/ce	1.46	1.50 Rote, meteri/Mcond	4500	5100
УеЫМу:	Я11	
13
Amatol, 8o/ao
AMCP 706-177
^^F^t^l^ll^llt^leele^t ^^^Oltt TO м M, МП MmNK let WC41t Density, gm/cc Charge Wt,M ТМЫ Ne.ef PiegnMaOoi For TNT For Subject HE 11мЬ M, MOA1 PiefcoMa. let KC4i Density, gm/cc Chorge Vlft, fc Total No. of FmgmoaMt For TNT For Subject HE	Glatt Conoo Stool Cento Ной Volume Ной Depth
	Cohn	Buff-yellow
	Maelpel Uteot Boabo, HB projectileo
	MoNMI of Itofcg:	Qtot
	Leeftag Doatlft: gm/<x	l*b6
Fregawat Тойону: ft/oac	(f) At 2 ft	1900 At 25% ft	1750 Density, gm/cc	
	Method	Dry Hazord Cbm (Quonttty-Diiionca)	Claoo 9 CompotMHty Group	Group I Exudation	Doee not exude at 65°C
Moot Пайейей TNT): Ain Peak Pressure Impulse Bwgy AiCf СмЯмА Impulse IMorWatan Амк Pressure bapulte Energy PookPrsosum Impulse Bnaiyy	
	Booeter Beneitlvity Toot:	(e) Condition	Proceed Tetryl, ga	100 Hex, In.	for 50^	Detonation	O.83 Denolty,	g^cc	I.65 Heat of:	(d, e) Ccribuatlon, cal/gn	100Й» Eiploeloa, cel/gn	l>90* Gao Volune, cc/ga	930* «Calculated Iron co^oeltlon of mixture.
13
АМСР 706-177
Altai, брДо
CmvmMm: АмюШив Nitrate	60 ШТ	Uo С/Н Ratio	Molecular Weight:	lot>
	Oxygen Balonce: CO, %	-18 CO %	+2
	Density: gm/cc	Cast	1.60
	n	• V
	Freezing Feint: 'C
hnpeet SenehMty, 2 Kg Wh Bureau of Mina Apparatus, cm	95 Sample Wt 20 mg Picatinny Arsenal Apparatus, In.	16 Sample Wt, mg	17	ВеШад Feint: *C
	Refrectire Index, n» n£ n£
 « -«	-	в		*- rnWWIi rwWSVWIII 1ЯП 3VCV1 злое Fiber Shoe	Vacwae StablHly Test. cc/40 Hrs, at 90*C 100‘C 120*C 135’C 150‘C
Rifle Baflet Inspect Tee»: Trials % Explosions Partials Burned Unaffected	
	200 Dram Bomb Send Test: Sand, gm	U1.5
Expleeien Tempereiwie:	'C Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) 1 5 Decomposes 270 10 15 20	Seneithtty to InMioHon: Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide	0.20 Tetryl	0.06
	BeNietic Metter, % TNT: (e)	128
	TreuzI Teet, % TNT:
75’C Interactional Heat Tee»: % Loes in 48 Hrs	
	Ftate Dent Test ; Method Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
100'C Hoe* Toot: % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs % Loes, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion in 100 Hrs	
	Dotenetiea Kate: Confinemen.	Гопе Condition	Cast Charge Diameter, In.	1.0 Density, gm/cc	1-50 Rate, meters/second	5760
	
Hygnoeeplclly: %	
VeloMky:	Nil	
14
Amatol, 6o/4p
AMCP 706-177
	
И м Ht, МЛ Projectile, и» WC-»1	
Density, gm/cc	1.49
ChorgeWt, lb	1.971
Tefal No. of Fregmeats:	
For TNT	703
For Subject HE	583
3 tach HI, M42A1 Projectile, Lot KM:	
Density, gm/cc	1.57
Chorge Wt, lb	0.827
ЬАл лА Bee•	
For TNT	514
For Subject HE	4o8
Fregosos* Vatedty: ft/sec	
At ? ft	
At 25ЦН	
Density, gm/cc	
Sita* (Rotative ta TNT):	
Ain	
Peak Pressure	95
Impulse	85
Energy	84
Air, Cemftaed:	
Impulse	
Under Wotan	
Peek Pressure	
Impute*	
Energy	
Ui^w^vMMdt	
Peak Pressure	
Impulse	
Energy	
Staged Cksrge KHeetfteeess, TNT =	= 10fr.
Glass Cones Steel Cones	
Hole Volume Hole Depth	
Color-.	Buff-yellow	
Prtadpel Uses:	Bombs, HE projectiles	
Mittal of Leedtag:	Oset	
Leedtag Pieilty: gm/cc loO	
	
Method	Dry	
Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance)	Claes 9
Compatibility Group	Group I
Exudation Does not exude at 65°C	
Heat of;	(d, a	)
Combustion, cal/gm	1658»
Explosion, cal/ga	633*
Gee Volume, cc/gm	380»
•Calculated from composition	of mixture.
амср mm
g/У.
Омфяййяш ML	Mslliahr Weight:	118
W Aaaoniva ai*raU	50 ЯТ	50	OefBM fchmtt CO, %	.87 CO %	.3
	Basdtyi gm/cc	Cast	1.5<
	MeRtap Raiott *C
C/H Ratio	Fraccing Mott *C
la^oat 8миВМу, 1 Kt Wh Rureou of Mini» Apparatus, cv	95 Sample Wt 20 mg Hcalinny Artanol Apporatus, in.	16 Sample Wt, mg	•Л1
	Rofmctiae ladar, n° l*a Па
	
NoNao Raodahm Taatt Steel Shoe	Itaeff acted RberShoe	UnrTfacted	Vocoom SteHRty Taatt cc/40 Hrs, at WC 100’C	e c.2 120*C	1.0 135*C 150*C
*Ma RoRf Repeat Taatt	Triols % Expkaione	о Partials	0	
Burned	0 Unaffected	100	200 Rmm Beads Saad Taatt Sand, gm	42.5
RbgdMloe ^Tampoeetiae:	C Seconds, 0.1 (no cep used) 1 5 Юоеоа^оам 265 10	Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminota LeadAxide	0-» Tetryl	°'°5
20	BeKeNc Metter, % TNT: (e)	124
	Tread Test, % TWT:
	
TS*C tatenaotieaei Meet Taatt % Lea in 46 Hrs	Hale Beat Taatt Method	В
1»’C Meet Taatt % Leas, 1st 48 Hts % uaa, 2nd 48 Hri Explosion in 100 Hrs	Condition	Cast Confined	Bo Density, gm/cc	1*55 Brisonca, % TNT	52
	
АмшиЫМу	Confinement	None	Note
%	Nil	Charge Diameter, in.	1.0	1*0 Density, gm/cc	1.55	1-55 Rote, meters/wcond	64JD	6230
VohMRyt	
16
АМСРТИ-177
?М(ВМММММ1 Ttttt		1 Ibeped Choige EHeetboacea, TNT =	
М Ml Kt, МЛ РмйаЫЬ. Let WC-»I Density, gm/cc CSorgsWt, b	i 1.55 2.053	GIms Cores Steal Ной Volume	53 Hole Depth	69	Cones («)
TeSel Ke. el htjMSte For TNT For Subnet HE 3 task ME, MttAl MxNh, IM KC4i Density, gm/cc ChovWtb	703	Cslsn	Buff-ye)low	
	1*5* 0.819	Pitaslpel Uses: Boaba, HK projectiles	
Total He- of FregsLsats: For TNT For SubHet HE	51* 385	Mo4n4 ef laedtag: cast	4.
		LoeNag Ооаайу: gm/cc 1.59	
тп^МЯК т9ШЯЯу1 ТТ/9К At» ft At 25^ ft Density, gm/cc			
		Method	Jky	
Nest (ВаМЬе ta TNT):		Hozord doss (QuonNftUMstance)	Class 9
Ain Peok Prainira Impulse Energy	9f 87	Compatibility Group Exudation Does not exude st	Group I 65°C
Ate Impulse Under Wotan talk Pressure Impulse Energy fteok Pressure Impulse Бюгду	93 10* 10* 10*	Booster Sensitivity Test:	(s) Condition	cast Tetryl, gr-	100 Wax, in. for 5OJ Detonation	0.60 Density, ga/cc	1.55 Heat of:	(d. e) Combustion, cal/gm	1990 Expiceion, cal/g’"	703* Gee Voluas, cc/ga	855* «Calculated fron composition of mixture. Specific Heat: cal/gm/°C	(i) ¥еч>, ЙУ» to 5УГ	О.3В3 Bomb йгор Tea*: T7, 2000-lb Seai-ArsKir-Piercing Boab vs Concrete:	
		Max Safe Drop, ft	*000-5000
17
АКСР 706-177
Amatol» 60/20, бО/кр. jO/'jO
Compatibility with Medals:
Dry - Metals unaffected are bine, Iron, tin, brtua, brass t'.i plated, brass MRO coated,
brain shellac coated, nickel aluminum, steel, steel plated rth nickel, zinc or tin, stain-
less steel, Parke?1ted ateal, and ateel coated vith acid-proof black paint. Metals «lightly
affected are copper, bronze, lead and copper plated steel.
Preparation:
In preparing amatols the proper granulation of a.Tonlum nitrate ii required If tue crxirum
density of the cast anatol is desired. Ihe asmxxrt.u nitrate should be dried so ae to contain
not more than 0.25^ moisture. It should be heated to about 90°C before being added to the
appropriate weight of molten ВГГ contained in a melting vessel equipped with an agitator. Con-
tlkje mixing to Insure uniformity end load by pouring into «bill or bomba.
Origin;
Developed by the britisb during world War I in order to conserve ТЯТ.
References?2
(a)	L- C. Smith and 2. H. prater, Physical Teatizu of Explosives. tert П1, Miscellaneous
Sensitivity Testa, Performance Jests, OSSD Report 574o, 27 December 19^5-
(b)	Report ЛС-17/Ptaya 2x 1.
(c)	D< P. McDougall, Methods of Physical Testing, OSD Report Bo. 803, Ц Auguot 1942.
L- C. Smith ind K. G. tyster, Physical testing of Explosives, Part III - Miscellaneous
Sensitivity testa; Performance Jests, 0S№ Report tto.5746, 27 December 19^5-
(i) Joesittee of Dtv 2 and 8, НЖС, Report on HEX and Tritonal, OSES Report Bo. $4o6,
31 July 1945.
(e)	Philip C. Keenan and Dorothy Pipes, Table of Military High Explosives, Second Revision,
SAVORD Report Ko. 87-46, 26 July 19U.
(f)	R. W. Drake, Fragment Velocity and Panel Penetration of Several Explosives in Simulated
Shells, OSRD Report Mo. 562^, 2 January 1946.	..
(g> Eastern Laboratory, du Pont, Investigation of Cavity Effect, Final Report, 18 September
1943, НИС Contract W-672-ORD-5723.
(h)	Also see the following Plcatlnny Arsenal technical Reports on Amatols:
0	1	2	1	it	5		6	7	8	2
240	681	132	743	364	6$	266	1207	548	549
350	731	182	1173	694	425	556	1457	638	799
630	901	1302	1373	734	695	666	1797	838	929
950	1051	1352	1323	874	715	986	1827	1098	1129
1300	1311	1372	11*93	1344	735	1376	2167	1148	1219
1530	11*51	1552	1763		1145	1446		1388	1369
	1651				1225	1636		1568	1559
					1345	1796		1838	
1455
18Й5
(i) та 9-1910/ТО 11A-1-34, Military Explosives, April 1955.
^See footnote 1, page 10.
IS
АимооаХ
AMCP 706-1УТ
	—. 1 "  	—- --—	 *  -  :~' < : taeniimMtnt»	22 ®t	бТ	:. Ахмадом	ii 4 ” • C/HRsJio	Mekarfar WsieMs	102
	Oxypea Befeace: CO. %	-5> CO %	-22
	D*aeft>*gm/ce	Ottt	1.65
	Mefeiap Pefcfe'C
	
ta^ct Д«*ЙМ1у> 1 Kfl Wt: Bureoc of Mines Apuoral us, cm	91 Somj..« W* 20 mg Picotinny Arsenal Apparatus, in.	XX Sample Wt, mo	19	
	Refrocthr* todex, n° n£
	awH^W^WIW ,-гЖт Sfe-ji She* Fiber Shoe	Veciraas StebBRy T**»f cc/40 Hrs, at 90’C ' 100’C 120’C	Vb 135’C 150’C
RM* Mlat teepect Tash Trials % Explosions Partials Burned Unaffected	
	M0 Great Ikaab Send Teets Sand, pm	^7.8
txpfesiw T«*p*r*tem:	’C Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) 1 5 Decrxnpct ** 26$ 10 15 20	SeaeMrity te lellietfea: Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate	0.20 Lead Azide Tetryl
	BeWetic Merter, % TNT: (a)	122
	Traaxl Test, % TNT:
75 *C 1вкпмНм*1 Heeir Tat: % Loss in 48 Hrs	Piet* De*t Ten, Method Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % Tt4T
1M*C Hte T*eh % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs	0.00 % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs	0.10 Explosion in 100 Hr<,	.None	
	Deteaatfe* Rote: Confinement Condition Charge Diomete', in. Density, gm/cc Rote, meters/second
. ЛмятЫЯеу Indies:	
НудгМеерДОу: %	
VeWJdty: 		 .. 		,		
19
AMCP TW-177
АмюпаХ
ЕмфаавОаНаа T*ah	Moped Ctetga МаеКмамм, TNT = 1 Wt
M wan Ш, Mil Ь*)мМ*. U* WC-tlt DamNy, gm/cc ChorpeWt.b	Gloat Cone» Steel Сопи Hole Volume Hole Depth
Total Na. efFtagamate For TNT For Subject HE	Cttet Mattel Ukatt Projectile filler
Э Ы| к M4SA1 МмМа, и» KC4t
Оману, gm/cc	1.65
Charge Wt, Ь
Tidal Na. of Fragamele: For TNT	655 For Subject HE	550	Malted of Leodtag:	(Mat leodbg OaaeHyt gm/cc	1.65
Кодаки* Vate»y: ft/eec At» ft At2»%ft Density, gm/cc	z Iteage: Method	Dry
Meet (tehlivo to TNT):	Hotonf Ctee (QvontlhMMtance) Claaa 9
Ain Rook Рммиге Impute Епечу	CcmpotibUiiy Group Exudotion
ЛЬ» CmA*W: knpuhft	Origin: Castable mixture developed in United States during World War !•
Under Water: Hook Pressure Impute En rgy	References: (a) W. R. Tomlinson, Jr., Physical and Ex- ploalve Properties of Military Explosive», PATH Ko. 1372, 29 ktereaber 19<»3>
Peek Pressure Impute Energy	(b) Also see the following Picatinny Ar- senal Technical Report» on AaMonele: 1108, 1286, 1292, 1308 and 1783.
Preparation:
Procedure sane же described under Лае tele,
except aluainua la edded to the eamonlum nTT
trete-ПГТ aoXten Mixture under agitation u..-
tll uniforalty in coapceition la obtained.
Loading in accomrlished by pouring into the
anoroorlate prolbctlle.______________________
20
Awwilw» Mtrete
АМСР7М-1П
--inmni I	35 В	5	JBk», 0	60 C/H Ratio	Msi.idsr Weight: (Ць	80
	«зднаМиом CO %	+20
	•eodlrt gm/cc Crystal	1.T3
	MeMng Mott *C	170
	Mooing Meh ’C
Imped ймМйу. 2 Kg Wit Bureau of Mino» Apparatus, cm	100t Sample Wt 20 mg Plcatinny Arsenal Apporotu», In.	31 Sample Wt, mg	17	wnj rwBBBve M
	Bafca dfee hist, £
»-_e.- TfMlWB	IVWl Stool Shoo	Unaffected Aber Shoe	Unaffected	Vacuum BtobMBy Test: cc/40 Hrs, ot 90‘C ioo*c	0.3 120*C	O.J 135*C 150*C	0.3
KMo МЫ ta^oot Todt Trial» % ЕфЫоп»	0 Partials	0 Burned	0 Unaffected	100	
	2M«nm Bead Send Test: Sand, gm	Ml
Kxpfssiea Tompossduse:	C Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) 1 5 Ignites	465 10 15 20	Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Aside	0.20 Tetryl	0*25
	BaMdic Alerter, % TNT: (s)	56
	Tread Tert, % TNT:
7S*C lolereerieeel Heat Tod: (a) % Loss in 48 Hrs	0.0	
	Hole Beat Tertt Method Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
180'C Heat Test: % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs	0.?L % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs	0.13 Explosion in 100 Hrs	Bone	
	DotoeoHee Rote:	(b) Confinement	None	Strong Condition	Solid	Liquid Charge Diameter, in.	1.25	4.5 Density, gm/cc	O.9	1.4 Rate, meters/second	1000	2500
ЛввммЫШу Index*	
NrgmsMpfcBy: %	Brtwme ЭО°С, 90jC RH	Extreme	
VdrtMly: Decomposes et 210°C	
21
Axcpm-m
A—oalua Mitreto
СмчМоп Tetryl gm Wok, In. for 30* Detonation Density, gm/cc	ОеееацреМеа ЦмНеаг (f)	, R	(h) e Oxygen, otome/eec	10iJ,°	lo“’3 (Z/see) Heat, kilocotorie/moh	*0.5	38.3 (ДН. ксЫ/moi) Temperature Range, *C 2*3-861 817-867 Phase	Ucuid
Neat oh CcmbuMion, col/gm	3*6 Expiodon, cal/gm	3*6 Gm Volume, cc/gm	9Й0 Formoticn, cal/gm	1096 Fusion, сЫ/рп	18.83	Anaer Note hepect Test: 50* Inert, Velocity, ft/eec Aluminum Fineness МФ4Ь Шммм1 PwptM ВвмЬвз Plate Thickness, inches 1 1* 1* 1*
Speallb Nooh cai/gm/’C	(•) °C	°C 150	0.109		0	0.397 «100	0.330	50	0Л14 -50	0.3»	Ю0	0.426	
ВвмЬф Sflist cm/sec	
	iemb Drop Tash 17,3000-* ЗеткЛлпепЛогс1од leaA vs CeeereSo: AAax Safe Drop, ft SOCMb Oseirsl Perpsii Beak vs Coecistst Height, ft Trials Unaffected low Order High Order IOGO-Ь Geaorel Perpeee Bomb v. Concrete: Height, ft Trials Unaffected Low Order High Order
eol/soc/cm/X 8.9-3.9 x 10"^	
СмМШм* W ЬфмвСмц Linear, */*C Volume, */*C	
	
Yooog's Modolas: E', dynes/cm* E, b/lnch* Density, gm/cc	
fe^M^Le Ik/irx-k* *M888^W8BWw 9VW88^aRe 1О/ «Tsfi	
Vapor Ргомого:	(g) *C	mm Mercury 188	3-25 205	7.*5 216	II.55 223	15.80 	t8T		
	
22
Anaonlum nitrate
AMCP7W-177
M mat Ж, MFI MmNK u» WCM; Penalty, gm/cc ChorgeWl, k> Tktal Na. «1 Progmoata For TNT For Subject HE 2 Meh NCMOA1 NtcNh, Lat KC4t Penalty, gm/cc ChwgaWt, k> Total Mu of Ftogouata: For TNT For Subject HE	*epod Cteago eHoetkeeoa, TNT = Wt GtacConee Steel Cones Hole Volume OQ>0 ВЛрчм
	Celon	Colorleev
	Prtetpd Iteet Explosive ingredient of mixtures used In bcebe or large caliber projectilea
	Method of laetegi Preaeed or cent depending on conceit Ion of mixture
	Leedhg deao*yt gm/cc	Variable
Fragmaet Vslstbp ft/sec At 9 ft At 25% ft Penalty, gm/cc	
	Method	Dry Hoiord Clou (Quantity-Pittance)	С1ам	12 Compatibility Group	Group	D Exudottai	Hone
MaatOhbMrateTNDt Ain Peak Pressure Impute Energy СмИв*4х Impute Uadar Wotan Peak Praaaure Impute Energy Underground: Peak Preaaure Impute Energy	
	Effect of Teapereture on Inpact 8enaitivity (Chenlcally pure grade); (b) Deep.	РЛ Itgpect Teet °C	2 Kg Wt, inchee 25	31 75	28 100	27 150	27 175	12 Compatibility with Matala;	(a) In the preeence of moisture, annoniun nitrate reacte with copper, iron eteel, brass, lead end cadmium. Entropy:	(g) cal/mol at 25°C	36.O
23
АМСР 796-177
A—lue nitrate
Solubility of wecat— nitrate, юга— in 100 era— (1) of; (a)
Ifcter Alcohol	A—tic Add	Mltrlc Acid
20 l$e Ao 5	27-0	0.39	15 73.0	21.7
AO	897	60	T.5	80.9	5.8	30	106	20.8
60	Aa	78	10.5	101.0	20.7	75	SOI	31.6
80	580	120.0	125
100	871
Pre—ration;
A——1— nitrate ie prepared by the neutrallxati— of an aqueoua aolution of a sonic with
nitric acid and evaporation of the solnticn. Ihe product which la very pure la dried In a
graining kettle.
Origin;
First prepared by Glauber in 1659 end first used aa an explosive ingredient in 186? when a
Svadlsh patent was granted to Chlaaon and Borrbln for a co—oaite dynamite.
Destruction by Chemi—1 Deco—osltion;
A—turn nitrate la deccmpoaed by strong slkalias vitb the liberation of a—onia, and by
sulfuric add with the for—tlon of a—maium sulfate and nitric add.
Hafer—a;3
(a)	Depart—nta of the Any and the Air Force IM 9-19Ю/Т0 lia-1-ЗА, Military Explosives,
April 1955.
(b)	P. F. Macy, T. D. Dudderar, E. F. Rease and L. И. Er? keen, investigation of Sensitivity
of Fertiliser grade As—irfum Bitrate to Explosion, BAIR Mo. 1658, 11 July 19A7«
(c)	D. P. ZfecDougall, Methods of Physical Testing, OSRD Report Bo. 803, 11 August I9A2.
(d)	L. C. Sdtb and 8. G. Ryater, Physical Testing of Explosives, Part III - Miscellaneous
Sensitivity Testa; Performance Testa, dan) Report Mo. 5746, 27 December 19**5*
(a) Inter—tiooal Critical Tables, McGraw-Hill Book Co., N. Y-, Land-Bornet.
G. D. Clift and В. T. Federoff, A Manual for Explosives laboratories, Vol. II, Lefax
Society, Inc., Philadelphia, 19A3.
(f)	R. J. Finkelstein and G. Gamov, Theory of the Detonation Process, NAVORD Report Mo. 90-
A6, 20 April 19A7.
(g)	George Felck, The Dissociation Pressure and Free Bnergy of Formation of Aamonlim Bi-
trate, Arthur D. Little, Inc., J Aa Chee Soc, |6, 5b^B-60 (19y>).
(h)	M. A. Cook end M. Taylor Abegg,*Isothermal Decomposition of Explosives? University of
Utah, Tnd rng than. June 1956, pp. 1090 to 1095-
•’See footnote 1, page 10
24
/iiwonlw itratc
AMCPTM*177
(1) Alao sea tbe fbllovlnc PlMUmy Aiwenel №ehnlcel Reports on Awonitm mtrata;
, 0	1	e	2	*	2	6	I	8	2
a*o	«81	18г	1*3	3»		59«	907	5*8	799
so	Т»	1302	1323	9»	11*5	666	HIT	«38	13«9
	1051	iia	1T83	109*	1225	676	19*7	938	1*09
1290	12*1		2183	121*	1*55	9*6	2167	1008	
1780	uai			123*	1«55	1106		1038	
	1391			139*	1675	1696			
	1*31				1725				
25
АМСР7М-1П
/nntua Perchlorata
<L	Metocatoe Weights (CU^M^)	11T-5
a	».s Ж	11.9	BdMNBt Stf	Ж?
	J.»	Beaeiipt gm/cc	1«95
0	5b.5	Melttag Petat: *C
C/H Ratto	rVMWny vW« V
hugest SnedlMly, 1 Kg Wh .	Bureau of Mine* Apparatus, cm	67 Sample Wt 20 mg Fkottony Areonal Apparatus, in.	2b Sample Wt, mg	2b	Baling Potato *C
	I ft ft ft
Pitaitae Heduhaa Teeta Stool Shoe	Snaps Aber Shoe	teffteted	Vueaaa ItoMWr Taeft . CC/40 Hri, at КГС 100*C	0.13 120*C	0.80 135’C ISO’C	0.^
Rifle Mtotimpoct Teets Trial* % Explotions ttorttek	
Burned Unaffected	280 вина Bomb S^nd Teeh Sand, grn	'	6.0
(epleefeft ТеяфеЮм**!	"C Seconds, 0.1 (no cop used) 1 S	b35 10 1C	*•___tablln Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fufminote LsodAxide	0-80 Tetryl	0.25
20	BelMto Mortor, bb TWTr
--	TmedTato, » ТРГ:
7S*C latemotfeael Hoot Teett % Lots in 48 Hr»	
	Plate Dent Тей: Method
WC Hoot Тей! % Loos, let 48 Hr»	0.02 % La», 2nd 48 Hrs	0.00 Explosion m 100 Hr*	Bone	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
	
jpg- 	e toe» 0_ j	 aWCWwBV^mVVy BIBSVBe	9M0MtlM RMBt Confinement
NvMeceMcetvs % rsyjsww*r^wtt|t /w	Charge Diameter, in. Density, gm/cc Rate, meters/socand
VetotMity:	
АяюаНмд Perchlorate
I	 -	,
 NegnMdMtet Теск M ай Mb МЛ l^wNK Ш WC41i Dsnsay. gm/cc i? " ChorgsW»,»» . ;.\. /м^вммйк For TNT ЕогЭДос'НЕ > ЧЙМ, MM1 h«Hfe U» K€4k Jwrty, •**/& ;• ' .  TteMMm af faMfe Um TNT	C ; for SubNet HE	Steped Charge МееНееми, TNT = IWt Gloae Cones Steel Cones raw vomww Hole Depth . c
	Ccte: Colarleee
	hleNpel Umm, Zxploelve ingredient of Mixtures .tied in pyroto«hnlee and aa projectile filler
	Method el Medhg: Proceed or cant depending on ccripoeltion of mixture
	leedlng Deeehy: gm/cc ;	Variable
ч^Я^^ШвШК	П/ м^йс At 9 ft .’-	: At2Sfcft Density, gm/cc	
	«WWJVe Method	Dry Hozoed Clast (Quantity-2.»t..^e)	H.ese 9 Compatibility Group Exudafic	Bone
МмЮЫШееиТНТ): ' AM ЯкАРпашге Instate  <. ^*ЧУ Atof	' кгф&е . ItafaWtBc StehPrmurs Impute. Energy Ur4w^mm4j Pooh Pressure Impute Energy	
	Solubility da Water дц/ЮО co saturated eolation; O^C	12 2J°C	2C 60°C	39 100°C	38 Prepetition; 'Bte- perchlorates ere prepared by the action of the add on a suitable base; by the ther- mal decornoeition of certain chlorates; end by the electrolysis of chlorates (see origin). Heat of; Fortaetloii, cal/gm	665
27
AMO7W-1H
Annul иш Pvrohlorate
Orsini (в)
g. Mlteeherliob fleet ргфагеб, in 1S32, crystals of ажое1ия perchlorate free hariun
porthleeate and мвмАав Mlftrte (Рои Aan Sg, 300). T. Schloslng treated a hot notation of
eetiM perchlorate with eoamolua chloride, and on cooling, crystals of vwilua parohlorate
мм obtaiaod (Ооцр rood, Jt. 18б9, ДОГц). U. Alviei treated a nixture of 76 porta at aa-
vnlt* nitMto with £13 porta at sodlua perchlorate, and obtained  crop of anell crystals of
емааАав narahloeato thick were purified by recrystfilllest-’.on frou hot voter (Сети Patent,
103,993, ?Ь?8). A> hiolatl idxed uagneeiua or celciue perchlorate with MMtHun chloride e&C
wyrtela of аамйХио perchlorate depoaited f*oa the solution of very soluble aagneeiun or oal-
iloa chloride (Oomn Patent, 112, 682, 1899).
BafMancaat*
(a)	V. B. tfllneon, Jr., Fhyeleal ^nd fttploelve Propertlee of Military teplorlvee, Pa2R
Яо. 1372, 29 Bomber 19M-
(b)	T. b> Devil, the Cheoirtry of Powder and gxploeivei, John Wiley end Sone, Inc., Uev
Tort, igki. >
(с)	3. V. Mellor, A Cooprehenaive amtlee on Inorganic and iheoretical Omietry, Vol. II
LooBarams, Zfewen and Co. , London, 19^2, P- 39b.
(d)	Alao see the following Picetinny Arsenal Technical Reports cm Armonivii Perchlorate:
0 «»	1	c	1	£	2	6	2
ICO	521	843	354	1095	1726	1049
		1783	604	1725		1969
			8^4	2205		

ее footnote 1, pege 10.
28
Beretol
ЛМСР 706-177
Compoeltioa: % Barium nitrate	67 TNT	33 C/H Rotio	Molecular Weight:	125
	Oxygen Mance: CO, %	-3 co %	+13
	Density: gm/cc	Cast	2.55
	Melting Point: °C
	Frvexing Point: *C
Impoct Sensitivity, 2 Kg Wt: Bureau of Mines Apparatus, cm	35 Sample Wt 20 mg Picatinny Arsenal Apparatus, in.	11 Sample Wt, mg	2t	Boiling Point: 'C
	Refractive Index, ni nS n£
Friction Pendulum Test: Steel Shoe Fiber Shoe	Vacuum Stability Toot: cc/40 Hrs, at 90*C 100’C I2O°C 135 °C I5O“C
Rifle Bullet Impact Tost: Trials % Explosions Portiols Burned Unaffected	
	200 Gram Bomb Sand Toot: Sand, gm	26.8
Explosion Temperature:	°C Secc xh, 0 1 (no cap used) 1 5 Ignites	385 10 15 20	Sensitivity to Initiation: Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate lead Azide	0.20 Tetryl	0.10
	Ballistic Matter, % TNT:
	Trouxl Test, % TNT : Plate Den Test:	(e)	7327 Method	В Conditior	Ject. Confined	No Density, gm/cc	2-52 Brisance, %	TNT	61
75 C tirtemotioMol Hoot Test: % Loss in 48 Hrs	
100 C Heat Ти*: % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs % Loss, 2nd 40 Hrs explosion in 100 Hrs	
	DetMeilM Rett*; Confinement Condition Charge Diameter, in. Density gm/cc Rate, meters/seccnd
Flammability Index:	
Hygroscopicity: % 30°C, 90Й Mi	0.00	
Volatility:	
АМСР 706-177
Bexttwl
Beeetwr ТйеУуВу Teat:	
. Condition .	ORSt .
Tetryl, gm	10c
Wax, m. for 90% Detonation	0.32
Wax, gm'	
Denelty, grhztc	. S-S5
'KNMtoft	
Combustion, eal/gm	
ExpiaMon, tai/gm	
Gas Volume, d;/gm	
Serftwtlon, eol/gm	
Reson, cci/gm 75/25 Bar* to 1	2-6Г (d)
ItaeeetpMifae ЕфюМю:
Ox/реп, etsrse/sec
iZ/»*c)
Heat, ktloealorte/moHi
(AH, kcal/mol)
Twntperakae Range.- *C
FbaM '
Апи* Hfctw hegec* Teat:
M еые Mertur Л^'тлЙв)
$0% inert. Vetocity, ft/sec
Aluminum Fineness.

SpecNk Heett col/gm/’C («)		75/25 Beretol		•' v	' ' -	•	. X Ptoto 'thicktfw, inches
°C.	J wato			
-75	0-152	. 75	0.260		-	. . 5
0 0,14 25 0.180 50 0.229	85 .«• ' 100	0.213 0.a»l О.ЭП: '		L .	- 1%
Rtwetag Rate: cm/fifc <	
_;.Э>вя«е1 CeodesKvfcy: ccf/tec/cm/’C	
Linear, %/'С

Max Safe Drop, ft
SMhfe SiMoref fergeae Bomb ч Cewcittei
Г
Volume, %ГС
КбгЗеем, Make* Seek;
E', dynes/ctm
’E, tt>/inch*
Deve.it/, gm/cc
Height, ft
- Trio1»
Jnaffpcied
Low Order
High Order
10ЭСМьвлмы«1 forpwc* )«mb n Concrete:
Height, ft
Ceetproechra-fM'iglb: lb/inch1
Yager bewere:
‘ ’C .
mm Mercury
Unof)ec'«* ,
l.ow Order
High О«йг
iil)
Beretol
Амсртм-m
Twtt M ям» M. MJ1 taMk Let WC-»1: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt. b For TNT For Subject HE 9 inch HE, M42A1 PsejecMa, Let KC-St Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, b ^Л Кш^кп^Ьа IVWI ^^Ve We Пч^ЯВИае» For TNT For Subject HE	Shaped Charge EHesttreoees, TNT = 1B0: Gloss Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Cofer:
	Medpei Usees Bos* filler
	Merited of I sodfag:	cast
	Leedhj D xn*y: gm/cc 2.55
FregnMet Vsiesby: ft/sec At» ft At 25% ft Density, gm/cc	
	IIWN^» Method	Dry Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance)	Claes	9 Compatibility Group	Group	I Exudation
Msst (BsleHvo to TNT): Abt Peek Pleasure Impulse Energy Ab, Confined: Impulse Under Wafer: Peek Pressure Impulse Energy Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	
	Preparation: The appropriate vel&ht of barium nltnte heeted to about 90°C la added to molton TNT contained in a melting vessel equipped with an agitator. Continue mixing until 'inffnrm, and load by pouring at the lowest practical temperature. Origin: Paratol, an explosive conta'nlng berlum nitrate and TNT, the proportions varied to suit the lequlred purposes, vaa developed during World War I.
31
АМСР 706-177
Baratol
References;5
(a) D. P. KcDougall, Methods of Phy ileal Testing, OSRD Report Bo. 803, 11 August 1942.
(b' L. C. Saith and E. G. tyeter, Rnralcal Ihsting of ExploiIves, Pert HI - Miscellaneous
Sensitivity Teste; Performance Testa, 6S№ Itepori Ho. 5746, 27 December 1945 •
(c) Also see the following Pleatinny Arsenal Technical Reports on Baretol:
0	2	6	8
2010	1783	2226	2138
2160	2233
(d) C. Lenchiti, W. Beach and R. Vallcky, Enthalpy Change», Heat of Fusion and Specific
Beat of Basic Expletives, РАШ Ko. 2504, January 1959.
^See footnote 1, page 10.
H2
Ba ro cal
АМС» 706-177
ГдаиммШм1 % Barium nitrate	50 TNT	35 Aluminum	15 C/H Ratio	Molecular Weight:	щ
	Osygen Boloace: CO- %	-2a CO %	-7
	Doeslty: gm/cc	2.32
	Melttag Mat: *C
	Freezing Mart: “C
Impact Sensitivity, 2 Kg Wt: Bureou of Minas Apparatus, cm	30 Sample Wt 20 mg Picotirmy Arsenal Apparatus, in.	12 Sample Wt, mg	22	 1M--	gz* e No
	Refractive Index, n® n« П&
Friction Pendulum Test: Steel Shoe Fiber Shoe	Vacuum SfobHity Test: cc/40 Hrs, ot 90*C lOO'C 120'C 135’C I5O"C / 	 	 2K Grew bomb Saad Tost: SorJ.i-n	39-6
Rifle Bullet Impact Test: Triols % Explosions Porticls Burned Unaffected	
Explosion Temperature:	*C Seconds, 0.1 (no cop used) 1 5 Ignlten	3**5 10 15 20	< 		t»e__ta_	'«Jgl^laar W lwWWIWW* Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulr>'Jnnt« Leod Azide	0.20 Tetryl	0.10
	BeMstic Mester, % TNT: (a)	96
	Trawxl Tost, % TNT:
7S’’C International Heat Test: % Loss in 48 Hrs	
	Plate Dent Test: Method Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
100’C Heat Test: % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion in 100 Hrs	
	Detonation Rote:	(b) Confinement	hone Condition	Cast Charge Diameter, in.	i.q Derr ,i tv, gm/cc	2- 32 Rats mefsrs/second	5^50
Flammobility Index:	
Hygroscopicity: %	
Volatility:	
АМСР 706-177
Beronal
PregmoateHea Teat: М ям на. МП FioiosNh, IM WC-91: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, b IWwi ^^Ve vsWJMVR*** For TNT For Subject, HE I lack HI, M42A1 FiejocNh, IM KC-S : Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, b a^Mt ^^*e ОТ VVV^HWOTve For TNT For Subject HE		* /к	М^Мкмам ТЫТ 	 tftfte w40OT^^	1 VW 1 ** O^^Me Gloss Cones Steel Cones Hate Volume Hate Depth
	Cohn
	Prtadpel Uses: Bomb filler
	Method M Loedlag: Cast
	Leadbg Dsaetty: gm/cc 232
FragmeM Vs 1st by; ft/sec At9ft At 25% ft Density, gm/cc	
	Storage: Method	Dry Hazard Class (Quontity-Distcnce)	Class	9 Compatibility Group	Group	I Exudotion
Meet (Ralativo te TND: AM Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Ab, Ceaflaed: Impulse Uadar Water: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	
	Preparation: Procedure same as described under Bnratol except aluminum is added to the barium ni- trate-fflT molten mixture under agitation until uniformity in comparison is obtained. Booster Sensitivity Test: Condition	Cast Tetryl, gm	100 №x, in. for 50^ Detonation	0-86 Density, gm/cc	2.32 Heat of: Corab'.stlon, cal/gm	2099 Explosion, cel/gm	1135 Gas Volume, ce/gu	klO
:м
ЛМСР 706477
Beronal
References;6
(а)	L. C. Skdth and E. Q. Ryster, Physical Testing of Explosives, Part III - Rjecellsneoua
Sensitivity Teetsi Perforaance Teets, Ьбкй hepori 1Йо. 57*6» ST Baoakbe* iw?
(b)	Q. ... Masterly, Д» Mte of Detonation of Various Explosive Ccaaou.ie, OSRD Report Ro.
1219, 22 Nbraaiy 19*3-
N. n. Bunrita, Де mte of Detonation of Vartans ои-™м» and Mixtures. OSRD Report
о. 5&1, 15 January 19*6.
(e) D. P. MacDougall, Methods of Physical Tevtlne, OSRD Report Ko. 803, И August 19^2-
(d) Arthur D. Little Report, Study of Pure Explosive Ccapounds, Part III, Correlation of
CHUceltlon of Mixture rlth Jerforeemce, Contwwt Ко. 1А-19-ое0^0ВВ-1й, 1 Nay 1950.
(e) 8. J. Lovell, Propagation of Detonation in Long and Narrov Ooluans of Explosives, PAIR
10. 2138, ЛЪхиагу	\----------------------------------------- ----------
6See footnote 1, page 10.
35
АМСР 700-177
Black Power
% Potaeeiua nitrate	Th.0 Sulfur	10.4 Charcoal	15-6 C/H Ratio	Molecular Weight:	84
	Oxygen Balance: CO, %	.22 CO %	-2
	Density: S /cc	Variable
	*C
	PfWKM| uVtWao 4o
hngect Sensitivity, 2 Kg Wt: Bureau of Mlrvu Apparatus, cm	32 Sample Wt 20 mg Pleotinny Arsenal Apparatus, in.	16 Sample Wt, mg	16	BeMng Feint: *C
	Reftoctive Index, n« n£ n£
YnM«  HwsW^	1 Steel SSnape fiber Shoe	Unaffected	WCWwNBI ^wwlBty a Wo cc/40 Hrs, at 90'C 100‘C	0.5 120*C	0.9 I35*C ISO'C
Rifle Ballot Impact Test: Triols % Explosions Portiois Burned Unaffected	
	200 Grom Bams Sand Tost: Sand, gm	8
Explosion Temperature:	*C Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) 510 1	490 5	Ignites	42? Ю	356 15 20	Sensitivity io Initiation: Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate I od Aside Зепа^йтге to igniting fuse
	Ballistic Mortar, % TNT:	50
	TreuxI Tost, % TNT: (a)	10
75*C Inlefnatienel Hoot Test: % Lou in 48 Hrs	0.31	
	Ffato Dent Test: Method Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance. % TNT
IM*C Heat Test: % Lest, 1st 48 Hrs % Lou, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion In 100 Hrs	
	Detooetloo Roto: Confinement Condition Charge Diometer, in. Density, gm/cc	1-6 Rate, meters/second	400
Flammability Index:	
„	,	ЯЬ^С, 7555 ян 0.75 Hygroosopteity: %	25OC, 90* RH	1,91 30°C, 90* RH	2.51	
Volatility:	
36
Black Powder
AMCP 706-177
ТмФ(	Shaped Charge Iffectbenorr, TNT = 100:
МмМ,МЛ Piejestib. Let WG01: Density, gm/cc Chorge Wt, lb	Gloss Cone* Steel Cone* Hole Volume Ной Depth
Total He. ef Fregaeentt: For TNT For Subject HE 1 inch HI, M42A1 Projectile, let КСЛ: Density, gm/cc Chorge Wt, b	Color:	Black
	Principal User: 1. Igniter powder 2. Time rings (fuzes)
Total He. of Fragmoetat For TNT For Subject HE	Matbed of Loading: 1. Loose (granulated) 2. Pressed
	Leading Density: gm/cc '	P*1 * loJ
Fregeseet Velocity: ft/aec At» ft At25Hft Density, gm/cc	25	50	60	65	70	75 1.7b	1.84	1.86	1.87	1.88	1.89
	Method	Cry
Flanl (ReMre ta THT):	Hazard Cloaa (Quontity-Distanco) Class 9
Ain Peek Pressure Impute Energy	Compatibility Group	Group 0 Exudation	None
Air, Confined:	100°C Vecuua Stability Test, cc ges/bO hrs:
Impute Under Woter: Peak Pressure Impute	Initial value	0-5 After 2 hours at 65°C	0.86 After 2 Lours st 65°C, 75$ RH	1.46 Sensitivity to Electrostatic Discharge, Joules:	(b)
Energy Peak Pressure Impute Energy Initinting Efficiency: Grams Required to Initiate Igniter Comp K-31	2.0 Igniter Coop K-29	2.3	Unconfined	>12.5 Confined	0.8 Compatibility with Metals; Dry - Cov'?atible with all metals when moisture content is less the: 0.20$. Wet - Attacks all common metals exc.-pt stainless eteel. Heat of; Explosion, cel684 Ges Volume, ce/gm	271
37
АМСР 706-177
Black Powder
Preparation:
Willav or alder charcoal, flour of sulphur and 2-j£ of water are placed in a tumbling barrel
and aind for a abort period (about 1/2 hour). The mixture is transferred to a "wheel sdll” and
crystalline potassium nitrate containing moisture is added and the mixture is in> orporated
for several hours. During the incorporation period the mixture is kept deep (2-JjC moisture) by
ed-diug water at interval». The mill cake la then pressed at 6000 psi between aluminum plates.
The cres'ied cakes are broken up between rubber or wood rolls. The material is screened and tee
various particle sisea are separated as desired. The screened material is then transferred to
canvas trays and dried in hot air ovens at 6o°C. If it is desired to glaze the black powder,
the material before drying is polished by rotation in a tumbling barrel to give it a smooth
surface, it is next screened to remove the dust. The smooth particles are then placed in a
wooden barrel and rotated with graphite. The material is again screened to remove the excess
graphite, and dried. Material finer than JbO U. S. Sieve is not graph!ted.
WARNING
The batches of black powder must be of sufficient size to cover the bed of the "wheel mill."
If the wheels run off on the bare bed, explosions usually result.
Origin;
The exact date of the discovery of black powder is unknown. Historians attribute its dis-
covery to the Chinese, Hindus or Arabs. The Greeks used it during the 7th Century. Marcus
Graecus in the 9th Century and Boger Bacon in the 13th Century described coaposltions similar
to the present powder. Beginning with the 16th Century, the ccnposition of black powder con-
taining potassium nitrate, charcoal and sulfur has remained unchanged with respect to the pro-
portionality (75/15/10) of the ingredients.
Destruction by Chemical Decomposition:
Black powder can be desensitized by leaching with water to dissolve the potassium nitrate.
The washings must be disposed of separately because the residue of sulfur and charcoal is com-
bustible but not explosive.
Reference.»:7
(e) Hi. Haoum, nitroglycerine and Hitroglycerine Explosives, Baltimore, 1926.
(b) F. W. Brown, D. H. Kusier and F. C. Gibson, Sensitivity of Explosivasto Initiation by
Electrostatic Diecharges, U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines fef jbjb, 1946.
(c) Also see the following Plcatlnny Araenal Technical Reports on Black Powder:
^See footnote 1, page 10.
:lx
АМСР 706-177
Bl»c> Povdar
0	1	2	1	6	2	6	I	8	2
250	91	222	163	356	65	56	367	188	379
710	671	272	ЗбЗ	656	615	176	607	318	819
850	661	322	653	566	565	356	637	628	839
1010	901	672	863	556	605	686	567	558	869
1650	1111	692	IO63	576	1165	766	757	598	859
	1261	582	U53	596	1275	1256	867	6о8	899
	1651	7б2	1263	656	1815	1316	1097	618	1259
	1561	872	1333	666	1885	1536	1737	698	1309
	1711	1022	16?3 1523	776	1905	1576	1797	838	1339
	19U	1622		866	1915	1586	1807	898	1369
	1951	1712	I663	1116		1966	1827	1068	1589
	2051	1802	1813	П56				1388	1739
		1912	1863	1266				1526	186?
			1973	1506				1778	1889
1808
1838
1928
2178
АМСР 706-177
l,2,U-Butanetriol Trinity It (BTTN) Liquid
% C	19-9 H„C-0N0o M	2.9	2|	2	Mehculsr Weight: (С^КЛ^)	241
	Oxygon Beieaco: CO,. %	-17 co %	10
N	17-5	/	Density: gm/cc	LlQu 14	1.52
Hlzwv*Wo 0	59-7	\	* HpC-ONOg C/H Rotio 0,13	FWnt* ”C
	Freesiag Feiat: °C
lipect SenoitMty, 2 Kg Wt: Buroou of Mines Apporotus, cm	58 Sample Wt 20 mg Picotirmy Arsenal Apparatus, in.	«1 Sample Wt, mg	Bailing Feint: °C
	Reflective lodes,	1.473b nS.
Friction Fonduhnn Teet: Steel Shoe Fiber Shoe	Vecaem Stability Tost: cc/40 Hrs, ot 90 °C loo'C	2.33 120 °C 135“C 1ЫГС
Rifle Ballet Imps Л Тем: Trials % Explosions portiols	
Burrvjd Unaffected	200 Grain Bomb Send Tost: Sand, gm	1»8.6
Ixpiesioa Temperature.	"C Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) 1 5 Decomposes 230 10	Sensitivlry to Inltietien: Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide	0.20 Tetry!	0.10
20	Ballistic Meteor, Si TNT:
	Tceoxl Tost, % TNT:
7S C loternationel fleet Test: % Loss in 48 Hrs	
	Flats Dent Toot: Method
100 C float Tost: % Loss, 1 st 48 Hrs	1.5 % Loss, 2nd 4b drs	1*2 Explosion in 100 Hrs	None	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
	Detonation Roto: Confinement Condition Charge Diameter, in Density, gm/cc Rate, meters/second
Flammability Index:	
Hygroscopicity: %	(a) 100°T, 957 RH, 2L hrs	0.1b	
»» 8 ▼•mtwy:	o 60°C, mg/cr.yhr	4C	
1,2A-BatHnetrioJ 'iYl'.il tin11- (BL'LTi) ,'Jq.ld
AMCP 706-177
re^jan^i^steti^t^s ^Fest . ♦0 лм HE. M71 Prejectiio, Let WC-91: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb Total No. of Fregments: rar TNT For Subject HE 3 lech HE. M42A1 Projectile, Let K£ S- Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb Total No. M Frogmeoto: For TNT For Subject HE	$hop«d Charge EHecHveaou, TNT - 100: Gloss Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Color:	Yellow oil
	Principal Uses: Explosive plasticizer for nItrocell :lose
	Method of Lending:
	Lending Density: gm/cc	L • 5£
Fragment Velocity: ft/sec At 9 ft At 25^ ft Density, gm/cc	
	Stor«9«: Method
Btoot to TNT):
Ain
°eak Pressure
'mpulse
Energy
Air, Confined:
Impulse
Under Water:
Peak Pressure
Impulse
Energy
Uadeeg round:
Peak Pressure
impulse
Energy
Hee . of :
Cor.: jt'.iO:., -ul/ •::.
=:?7	, CG]/.--
z Vd.-t, c- -
ft)
:)
Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance)
Compatibility Group
Exudation
lol.c’ it. Ic ’Лгег, £/100	et:	(e)
HG C	0.0’
FT-C	0.15
Solucill*, of Wa ter I,	(8)
sn/100 gra:	0.0E
SoltAli:*-, ..—./LOO	
6- 25°C, Ir:	
Ether	.,1
Alcohol	<v
£:L i^.h^rrAlcv.ol	
r C2*.0fZ-	
	
АМСР 706-177
1,2,1-Butanctriol Trinitrate (ВЯЖ) Liquid
Pregaratlon (labotetcxy Procedure):
lb a cooled Mixture of 73-8 ga of 1005b nitric add, 16.2 gas of 106.2jt aulfUrlc add and
60.0 go of 96.15! sulfuric add, 30 gas of the original (or redistilled) 1,2Д-butanetriol was
added dropvise with agitation for a period of thirty minutes. Hie teapei-ature of the reaction
alxture was kept at 0°-5°C. When the agitation was completed stirring was continued for one
and one-half hours. The alxture was po-ired into ice water, and the resulting oil suspension
was extracted with three 100 nilliliter portions of ether. The ccablned ether extracts ware
washed with water, then with a scdiua bicarbonate solution and finally with water. The neu-
tralised extract was dried with anhydrous calcium chloride and then the ether was evaporated.
The yellow oil was dried in a vacwa desiccator over anhydrous calri.ua chloride until ths Mate-
rial was brought to constant weight.
Origin;
1,2,4-butanetri.ol was firat synthesised by Ihgner and Ginsberg in 1891» by oxidising allyl
carbinol with potaasiua perouganate under nild conditions (Вег 27, 2b37). Recently the U. S.
Rubber laboratory, under the direction of P. mvney, devised a new synthesis carried out with
allyl acetate and foraaldehyde to give 1,2,1-butane triacetate which was readily hydrolysed to
butanetriol (U. S. Rubber COopeny Quarterly Report, May 19W). Working with pure l,2,h-butane-
triol prepared by an l^roved technique of the Wagner Bethod, the U. 8. Ravel laboratory in
19U8 nitrated the butanetriol on a laboratory and a pilot plant scale (Reference a).
References;8
(a)	J. A. Gallaghan, F. facri, J. Bednarlk, and F. McCoD.ua, Tue Synthesis ofl,2,4-Butane-
triol and the Evaluation of Its Trin?.trate, U. S. Naval Powder Factoiy Tecimlcai Report ^o. 19,
------------------------------------------
(b)	Also see ths following Plcatlnny Arsens. Technical Reports on Butaiaetriol Trinitrate:
1755 and 1786.
^ee cootnote 1, page 10.
42
Cospoeltlon A-3
AMCP 706-177
OL			Mehcokr Weight:		227
rax	91 «u	9			Osygoa Bdoaee: CO, % CO %		-W ’23
			Density: gm/cc 12,000 psi		1.65
			Mefeiag Feint: 'C		
C/H Ratio			Froeda^ Mat: 'C		
Intact SeoeitMty, 2 Kg Wt: Bureau of Mine* Apporotui, cm Sample Wt 20 mg Picotinny Arsenal Apparatus, In. Sample Wt, mg			Boiling Mot: ‘C		
		16 17	RofrocHee Index, n£ nS		
M	A--IS		 vavCHVIB fWBB^^PsOBBB 1 w• Steel Shoe Fiber Shoe	Unaffected Unaffected		Vncrsm SixblHt; Tost: cc/40 Hrs, ot 90*C 100*C 120*C 135*C 150-C		0-3 0.6
RKSe BaMet Impact Test:	Trials % Explosion»	0 Partials	0					
Burned	0 Unaffected	100			200 Grom Bomh Sand Test: Sand, gm		51.5
Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) 1 5 Decompose! 10 15	•c 250		Ssesitivify to Initietien: Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate	0.22* Load Azide	0.25» * AlJsrSatlve Initiating charges		
20			Ballistic Mortar, % TNT:	(•)	135
			Traer1 Test, % TNT:		
75'C laMnteHeaol Hoot Test: % Loss In 48 Hrs					
			Plato Dent Т» t: Method	(b) В	В
100‘C Heat Tash % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion in 100 Hrs		0.15 0.15 Hone	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisonce, % TNT	Preased Xo 1.61 126	Preened No 1.20 75
			Dotonatiea Rato: Confinement Condition Charge Diameter, in. Density, gm/cc Rate, meters/second	(c)	
FlemmeMiity Index:		195			None Pressed 1.0
Hygroscopicity: % зо°с, 9O> RH		O.C			
Volatility: 50°C, 15 da; в		1.0’			1-59 8100
43
АМСР 706-177
Composition А-3
FvOfMMrtvHMI 90 мт HE. M71 FrvjecHla. Lot WC-91: Density, gm/cc	1 - 62 Charge Wt, lb	2.102 Total No. of Fragment*: For TNT	703 ForSui.ectHE	11J8 3 inch НК, M42A1 PraiecHle, Lot KC-S: Density, gm/cc	1 • 64 Charge Wt, lb	0.861 Total No. of Frogmortft: For TNT	514 For Subject HE	710	Shope*. Charge Iffoctivenoe*, TNT = IM: Glass Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Соки:	White-buff
	Principal Uses:	HE, SAP, AP projectiles; Shaped Charges
	Method of Loading:	Pressed
	Loading Density: gm/cc	Pel	x 3	I? 1.4т	1.65
Fragment Velocity: ft/sec At 9 ft	2800 At 254 ft	2530 Density, gm/cc	1.61	
	Storage; Method	Dry 1 lozard Class (Quantity-Distance)	Class	9 Campatibilil,' Group	Group	I E> .Jotton	J not exude at 65°C when waxes □citing sharply at or above 75°C are used.
list* (Relative to TNT): Air: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Air, Confined: Impulse Under Water: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Undergroeed: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	
	Preparation: A water slurry of KDX 1* heated to 100°C with agitation. Wax and a wetting agent are added and the mixture, under agitation, la cooled below the melting point of the wax. The wax coated RDX is collected on s filter and al»- dried et T5°C- Effect of Temperature on Fate of Detonation:	(e) 16 hrs at, °C	-54	21 Density, gm/cc	1.51	1-51 Rate, ш/sec	7бОО	7б?0 Booster Sensltivlty Test:	(d) Condition	Pressed Tetryl, gm	LOO Wax, ir.. for	Detonation	1.70 Deneity, gm/cc	1.62 Heat of: -•bustIon2 cal/gm	1210	
44
AMCP 706-177
Composition A-3
Compatibility with Metals:
Dry - Aluminum, stainless steel, mild steel, mild ateel coated ’dth acid-proof black paint
and mild steel plated with nickel or zinc are unaffected. Copper, magnesium, magneslum-alumlnua
alloy, brass and mild steel plated with cadmiur. or coppti are slightly affected.
Wet - Stainless ateel la unaffected. Copper, alvjnlnum, magnesium, brasr, mild steel, mild
steel coated wit., acid-proof black paint and mild fteel plated with copper, cadmium, nickel or
zinc are slightly affected.
Origin:
Developed by the British during World War II as RDX and beeswax. Subsequent changes in the
United States replaced beeswax with synthetic wax-?, changed the granulation of RDX and improved
the method of manufacture.
Destruction by Chemical Decomposition;
RDX Composition A-3 (RDX/wax, 91/9) is decomposed by adding It slowly to 2$ times its weight
of boiling 5% sodium hydroxide. Boiling of the solution Is continued for one-half hour.
References:9
(a)	L. C. Smith and E. G. faster, Physical Testing of Explosives, Part III - Miscellaneous
Sensitivity Tests; Performance Tests, OSRD Report No. 57^6, 27 December 19^5-
(b)	D. P. MacDougall, Methods of Physical Testing, OSRD Report No. 803, 11 August 19^2.
(c)	G. H. Messerly, The Rate of Detonation of Various Explosive Compounds, OSRD Report No.
1219, 22 February I9U3.
M. D. Hurwitz, The Rate of Detonation of Various Compounds and Mixtures, OSRD Report
No. 5611, 15 January 19^8-
(d)	L. C- Smith and S. R. Vaiton, A Consideration of RDX/Wax Mixtures as a Substitute for
Tetryl In Boosters, NOL Memo 1O,3O3« dated 15 June 19^9-
(e)	W. F. McGarry and T. W. Stevens, Detonation Rat .3 of the More Important Military Explo-
sives at Several Different Temperatures, R&TR No, 2303-"November 1956.
(f) Also see the following Picatinny Arsenal Technical Reports on RDX Composition A-3:
0	1	2	1	1	5	6	7	8	9
1380	1**51	IU92	1U93	142U	1325	1556	16o7	1ЗЗ0	1639
1910	1761	2112		1611f	1585	1936	1737	1388	2179
				163b	1595		li’97	17^3	
				215*+	171;			183З	
					1635				
2235
^See footnote 1, page 1C.
АМСР 706-177
C<wo»itlon В
СвмрмМс*! % мк	6о тнт	>ю УШХ, added 1 C/H Ratio	Meieceier Weight:	22L
	Oxygen leleeee; CO, %	-43 CO %	10
	Densify: gm/cc	fleet	I.65
	MeMng Met: *C	(1)	?S-80
	Pressing Met: *C
Mngoet SeaeMvity, 2 Kg Wit Bureau of Mines Apparatus, cm	75 Sample Wt 20 mg Picatimry Arsenal Apparatus, in. Sample Wt, mg	19	Beflieg Matt *C
	Refractive Index, n“ nS
vWCSV^MI rgH^^^WI В VS*o Steel Shoe	Unaffected Fiber Shoe	Unaffected	Vacuum StobMty Test: cc/40 Hrs, ot 90*C IGO’C	0.7 120*C	0.9 I35*C 150*C	11+
Rifle Beflet hnpoct Test: Triols % Explosions	3 Partials	13 Burned	** Unaffected	80	
	200 Great Oemb Saad Test: Send, gm	5^*0
bpteeiea Tomperatora:	*C Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) 526 1	368 5 Decaopoees 278 Ю	255 15	»25u 20	»25O	+	t»t- Г- - Л- 1иИ1в*1ал> era^^WlvWy eV IllWraiWllr Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate	0.22* Lead Azide	0.20* * AjftsPnatlve Initietluc сЬагяев
	Ballistic Mortar, % TNT: ')	133
	Trauxi Tost, % 1NT:	(b)	130
75*C iMenwHenel Hoot Test: % Loss in 48 Hrs	
	Plots Dent Test:	(c) Method	В Condition	Cast Confined	No Density, gm/cc	' . 71 Brisance, % TNT	132
100’C fleet Tert: % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs	0.2 % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs	0.2 Explosion in 100 Hrs	None	
	DetoMtien Rote: Confinement	None Condition	Cast Charge Diameter,	in	1.0 Density, gm/cc	1.68 Rote, meters/second	7840
ГНяммЫНгу Index:	177	
Hygraecopteity: % 30°C, 90# RH	0.02	
VeleHBty:	
46
Cc^poaitica В
АМСР 706-177
Baaatar SeutMvDy Тем.	(d) Condi tt-п	Cast Tetryl, gm	100 Wax, in. for 50%	Detonation	l.bO Wax, gm Density, gm/rc	1.6$	Oxygen, otoma/sac (Z/sec) Hoot, kilocolorie/mola (AH, kcol/mol) Temperature Range, *C °hase
Нее» at;	(a) Combustion, csl/gm	2790 Explosion, col/gm	12b0 Gas Volume, cc/gm Fo-motioo, col/gm Fusion, col/gm	(1)	6.0 У«сЖс Hoot: col/gm/’C	(' ) °C	Cc -75	0.235	75	0.376 0	0.220	85	O.35U 25	0.2J1	90	0.3Ы 50	0.305	100	0.312	Armor Heir Isspoct Test:	(e) M smi Mortar Hojaatlie: 50% Inert, Velocity, ft/sec	209 Aluminum fineness SOtMb Gene-el Purpose Bombs: Plote Thickness, inches Brials	Inert 1	It	100 l',4	6	50 liA	2	0 Hi	0
BansMg Xetv:	
cm/sec	Bomb Drop Tost:
TbatHMl Caadotthiiy: ccil/sec/cm/'C	T7, 2000-lt Soml-Armor-Herciag Boasb vs Coacmls:
CoaHldan* of fwpaoeloa: llnoor, %/‘C Volume, %/’C	Max Safs Drop, ft SOO-Jb Geaerel Purpose Bomb vs Coecrote: Ko Seel	Seel Height, ft	UOOO	bCO Triol,	65	39 Uno'>«cted	58	Эб
Herdaoee, Mobs' Seals:	
E', dynes/cm’ E, Ib/inch* Density, gm/cc	Low Order	2	2 High Order	5	1 1000-lb Geaerel Purpose Bomb vs Concrete: Height, ft Triols Unaffected
Compressive Strength: lb/inch’ (b)	1610-2580 Density, ga/cc	1.68	
Vapor Praasere: "C	mm Mercury	Low ( 1er High Order
	
41
ЛМСР’06-177
Composition В
Fregmeetotien Test: 90 arm HE. M71 Projectile, Lot WC-91:		Shaped Charge Effectiveness, TNT = 100:	
		(g) Glass Cone: Hole Volume	178 Hole Depth	12?	(h) Steel Cone: 162 1Ь8
Density, gm/cc Chorge Wt, lb	1.65 2.18?		
Tc -el No. of Fragmeotc:		Color:	
Far TNT For Subject HE	703 996		Yellow-brown
			
			
		Principal Ums: Fragmentation bombs, HE	
3 Inch HE. M42A1 Projectile, Lot KC-S:	1.67	projectiles, grenades, shaped charges	
Density. gm/cc			
Charge Wt, lb	0.C.-2		
Total No. of Fragments:		Method of Lending:	
For TNT	51U		
For Subject HE	701		
		Loading Density: gm/cc	1.68
Fragarant Velocity: ft/sec At 9 ft			
	29U0		
At 25'. ft	2680	Storage:	
Density, gm/cc	1.68	Method	Dry
Bloat (Releftee to TNT):	(1)	Hozord Class (Quantity-Distance)	Class 9	
Ain		Compatibility Group	Group I
Peak Pressure	110		
Impulse	110	Exudation Very slight	when stored st 71°C
Energy	116		
Air, Confined:		Origin;	
Impulse	75	RDX Composition В was developed by the	
		British between World	War I and World War II.
Under Water:		It vac standardized by	the United States
Peak Pressure	110	eerly in World War II.	
Impulse	108	Effect of Temperature	on
Energy	121	Rate of Detonation:	_	(i)
U ode rf roved; Peak Pressure		16 hrs at, °C	21
	10“	Density, gm/cc Rate, m/sec	1.^9	1.69 7720	7660
Impulse		Bulk Modulus at Room	(:)
Energy		Temperature (25°-3O°C)	
tracer re.llus cubed	107	Wax In Como В	12	3
		> nes/em^ x 10‘10	5.10	3.5-,	2.3b
		Densit.;, e’m/cc Viscosity, poises:	1. :'2	1.70
		lemp, •; 3° ~	3-1
				2. ?	
4h
AMCP 706-177
Composition В
Compatibility with Metals;
Dry - Magnesium, aluminum, magneslum-alumlnuir alley, mild steel, utainlees steel, mild steel
coated with acid-proof black paint and mild steel plated with zinc or nickel are unaffected.
Copper, brass and mild Steel plated with copper C” cadmium are slightly affected.
Wet - Aluminum and stainless steel are unaffected. Copper, brass, mild steel, mild steel
coated with acid-proof black paint end mild steel plated with cadmiu ;, copper, nickel or zine
are slightly affected. Magnesium and magnesium-aluminum alloy are more heavily affected.
Preparation:
Water vet REX is added slowly with stirring to molten T”’" melted in a steam-jacketed kettle
at a temperature of 100°C. Some water is poured off and heating and stirring are continued un-
til all moisture is evaporated. Wax is then added and when thoroughly mined, the composition
ie cooled to a satisfactory pouring temperature. It is cast directly Into ammunition components
or in the form of chips vhen Composition В ie to be stored.
Destruction by Chemical Decomposition:
RDX Composition В is decomposed in 12 parts by weight of technical grade acetone heated to
15°C. While this is stirred vigorously, there is added 12 parts of a solution, heated to 70°C,
of 1 part sodium sulfide (NagS'^gO) in 1 parts water. Ihe sulfide solution is added slowly so
that the temperature of the acetone solution does not rise above 6O°C. After addition _ com-
plete, stirring Is continued for one-half hour.
References:10
(a)	L. C. Smith and E. G. Eyster, Physical Testing of Explosives, Part III - Miscellaneous
Senslti.^ty Tests; Performance Tests, OJRD Report Ko. 57^6, 27 December 19^5-
(b)	Philip C. Keenan and Dorothy Pipes, Table of Military High Explosives,- Second Revision,
NAVORD Report Ko. 87-^6, 26 July 19U6.
(c)	D. P. MacDougall, Methods of Physical Testing, OSRD Report No. 803, 11 August 1912.
(d)	L. C. Smith and S. R. Walton, A Consideration of RDX/Wax Mixtures as a Substitute for
Tetryl in Boosters, KOL Memo 10,303, 15 Juns 1919-
(e)	"jmmittee of Divisions 2 and 8, NDRC, Report on and IM tonal, t'RD Report No. 5^06,
31 July 1915.
(f)	W. R. Tomlinson, Jr., Blast Effects of Bomb Explosives, PA Tech Div Lecture, 9 April
1913.	--------------------------------------------------------
(g)	Eastern Laboratory, du Pont, Investigation of Cavity Effect, Sec III, Variation of Cavi-
ty Effect with Explosive Composition, NDRC Contract W672-ORD-5723.
(h)	Eastern Laboratory du Pont, Investigation of Cavity Effect, Final Report. E Lab du Pont,
contract W-672-0RD-5723, 13 September 19^3-
(1)	W. F. McGarry and T. W. Stevens, Detonation Rates of the More Important Military Explo-
sives at Several Different Temperatures, PATR No. 238 3, November, 195^.
**’See footnote I, page 10.
49
АМСР 7064 77
Cow>o«ition В
(J > W. & Craner, Bulk Cwwibillty Data on Several High Rxploalvea, KAvORD Report No.
к380, 15 ЭецлйЬег 195Г
(kJ Alto see the following Plcatlnny Arsenal Technical Reports on RDX Composition B:
0	1	2	2	к	2	6	I	8	2
1360	1211	lkO2	1313	122k	1325	lk66	1207	1338	1339
1530	1451	lk82	11133	lk2k	lk35	lk?6	Ik 37	1388	1379
2100	2131	1592	ieo3	19kk	1585	1556	lk57	lk38	IU69
2160 2190	2151		1903 2053 2063 2103 2233	200k 210k	1595 1865 1885 2055 2125 2155 2175 2235	1756 1956 225'	l'r37 1797 2007 2ik7	lk50 1688 1728 1828 1838 1978 2008 2138 2168	1819 'OlO
(X) C. Lenchits,
of Basic Buploaives,
V. Beach and R. Vai icky, Enthalpy Changes, Heat of Fusion end Specific Heat
PATR No. 250b, January 1959-
50
Ccegosltlon В, Desaneltlzed
ЛМСР 706-177
СеечмЖоп;	I*	II** RDX	60	55-2 TNT	W	40.0 Wtx, added, (Stanoilnd or Arlstowex, 1650/	5 1700F)	, Vinylseal (MA28-1U), added	2 Vistanex (B120)	1.2 Albccer Wax	3.6 C/H Ratio	M^slarWaigM:	It	±1 	 See 0vr.1n.it t.e See (Упор П
	Osygen Belence: CO- %	See Cyclonite See Соцр В CO	See Cyclonite See Coeqp В
	Density: gin/rr Cast	I.65	I.65
	Making Feint: *C
	Pressing Feint: 'C
hnpoct Sensitivity. 1M Wt:	1^ Bureau of Mine* Apparatus, cm 95 Sample Wt 20 mg Picotinny Arsenal Apparatus, in. 1U	13 Sample Wt, mg	17	16	Befllng Feint: *C
	Reflective lodes, nb
Frictioa Fendehmi Tost: Stwl Shoe	Unaffected Fiber Shoe	Unaffected	Vocuem Stability Tost:	I*	II*« cc/40 Hrs, at 90-C 100’C 120‘C	0.99	0.92 135’C 150*C	11+	11+
Rifle Reflet Isapect Test: Triols % I*	II** Explosions	0	0 Portiols	0	0 I Burned	5	0 Unaffected	95	100	
	«rani Bomb Send Tost:	I*	II*« Sand, gm	52.7	55,0
bpleoion Ta sretere:	’С I*	II** Seconds, 0.1 (no cop used) 1 5 Decomposes	260	270 10 15 20	Sensitivity to hMotieo:	I*	II*« Minimum Detonating Chorge, gm Mercury Fulminate Load Azide	0.22	0-26 Tetryl
	Ballistic Matter, % TNT:
	Trooxl Test, % TNT:
75'C InteraotioMl fleet Test: % Lou in 48 Hrs	
	Plate Dent Tost: Method Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
lOv C fleet Test:	I*	IT** °C Loss, 1st 48 Hrs	0.05	0.12 % Lots, 2nd 48 Hrs	0.19	0.18 Explosion in 100 Hrs	None	None	
	Detonation Ha's: Confinement Condition Chorge Diameter, in. Density, gm/cc Rate, meters/second
FlenMnoNlity Index:	
Hygroscopicity: % 30°C, 90< RH	0.00 o.oc	
VeMfllty;	Nil	Nil	
♦Desensitized Сош: designated I, uses emulsified wax.
♦•Dusens'tlzed Comp 3, designated II, uses _ »ted RDX-
51
AMCP 706-177
Composition В, Desensitised
Fragmentation Test:			Shaped Charge Effectiveness, TNT 100:	
90 mm HI, МП Prajectito, Lot WC-91: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb			Gloss - Hole Volume Hole Depth	ones Steel Cones
Total No. of Fragment»: Гэг TNT			Color:	Yellow-brown
ror ouoiecr nt 3 inch HE, M42A1 Projectile, Lot.KC-3: Density, gm/cc	ТП65 Charge Wt, lb	0.87		II<Ht 0 86	Principal Use»:	Boris
Total No. of Fragment»: For TNT For Subject HE	51b 609	659	Method of Loading:	Cast
			Loading Density: gm/cc	1.65
Fragment Velocity: ft/sec At 9 ft 25Ц ft Density, gm/cc				
			Storage: Method	Dry
Obit (Relative to TNT):			Hozord Class (Quantity-Distance) Class 9	
Air: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Air, Confined: Impulse Under Water: Peak Pressure			Compatibility Group Exudation	Croup I
			Viscosity, poises:	I*	II»*
			Temp, 83°C 95°3 References;	3- 5	3-1 2.6	2.7
Impulse Energy Underground: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy			(a) See the following Plcatlnny Arsenal Technical Reports on RDX Composition B, Desensitized: 1	1	2	2 21>1	1313	1Л35	1756 2053	I0C5	
♦Desenciti zed Comp B, deci Kiulsi f iwnx. * *Deser.3i t i zed л,опр i!, dec: coated -.DX.	ated II,	uses uses		
АМСР 706-177
Coop^eitlon С
% ROC	88.3 Pl.eticizer, non» explosive	11.7* *Nonexplosive oily plasticizer containing 0.6)1 lecithin. C/H Ratio	Meleceler Weight:
	Oxygen Bateece: CO, % CO %
	Density: gm/cc
	
	Freezing Feint: 'C
Impact SsorMvMr, 2 tg Wh Витки of Mines Appcroti e, cm	100 Sompie Wt 20 mg Picotinny Arsenal Aoparatus, in. Sample Wt, mg	ВеШпд Point; *C
	Refractive Index, n» n£ П»
*-* -»*		 1 вва> Steel Shoe Fiber Shoe Wt Mh* fmaocr Test: Trials % Explosions	0 Partials	0 Burned	0 Unaffected	100	Veewam Stability Test: cc/40 Hrs, at 90'C loo-c	0.3 I2CC	0.7 135-C 150‘C
	200 (ararn Bomb Saad Test: Sand, gtn	L6.5
Ksphrlea Temperatine:	*C Swonds, 0.1 (no cap used: 1 5 Decoeposes 2Э5 10 15 20	Sensitivity to Initiation: Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Load Aside	0.25 Tetryl	0.11
	BaUetic Mortar. % TNT: (a)	120
	Tread Teat. % TN*,:
7S’C kHoraaHeaef Heer Test: % Lass in 48 Hrs	
	Plate Dent Tost: Method	A Condition	Hand Tamped Confined	Yes Density, gm/cc	I.58 Brisoncn. %	TNT	112
tOO'C Heer Tech % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs	C.OL % Lou, 2nd 4P Hrs	0.00 explosion in 100 Hrs	Nene	
	Doteeetiea Reto: Confinement Condition Charge Diometer, in Density, gm/cc Rote, .neters/recond
FlwMwbHtoy lurfwt	
Hygraetspklty: % 30°C, 95i RH	0.25	
VirstMty:	25°C, 5 days	0.00	
АМСРТМ4П
Oocposltlon с
W ее HI, МЛ Pmriri^ let WC-Л: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, b Tetri No. e* FtepsMata For TXT For Subject HE НееЫЦМОА! PnJeoMo, LMKC-I: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, ft Tetri No. of Pregeseatst For TNT For Subject HE	Shaped Charge MeeHveeass, TXT = IM: (f)	(8) Gloss Canes Steel Cone? Hrie Volume	113	Ilk Hole Depth	101	lx
	Ceiort	White
	PrieeMri Usesr	Plastic denolltloo ех?1оо1те •
	Method of Loedhgi	Bond teaped
	Leedtag Oeathyt gm/cc	1.^9
Fmgmenf Vrieri^n ft/sec At» ft At 25% ft Density, gm/cc	
	Method	Dry Harard Class IQuantlty-OiManco)	Class	9 Compatibility Group	Group	I Exudation	grades abase UO°C
Nsst Mriethe N TXT): Ain Peak Pressure Impuhe Energy Ah* CoedBods Imputes Under Weten Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	
	Plasticity; Belov 0°C	Brittle (0°C) 0-kO°C	Plastic Above UO°C	Exudes (kO°C) references: Boa references for Composition C-k.
54
АМСР 706-177
СгжюеШоа С-2
	M^kbBbv WbIqCm
гак	78.7 ВГГ	5.0 ШТ	12.0 МТ	2.7 КС	О.б Solvent	1.0	co %
	Density: gm/cc
	JAoIHb^ FMbF* *C
С/Н Ratio	heeeiag Peieti 'C
hnpeat SenakMty, 2 К« Wh	0^ e
Sample Wt 20 mg Picotinny Artanol Apporotus, in. Sample Wt, mg	eg og of
PftaNMi	Тей* Steel Shoe Pri— *0	 HDtC УМ	Veceem SteOMy Teat: cc/40 Hrs, ot wc lOO’C	2.0 !20"C	9.0 I3S*C 1SO*C
RMh Mtat hapact Taatt Trial» % ЬфЫопа	0 Partial»	20	
Burned	0 Unaffected	80	200 вяиа Beodt Seed Test: Sand, gm	iiT-5
Socmdi. 0.1 (no cop used) 1 5 Deeoapoees 285 10 it 15	•	0— MHOWryWy	OWwelWe^ROo Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercurv Fulminate Lead Aside	0.25 Tetryl	0.10
20	BelUette Metter, % TNT: (a)	126
	Treud Tost, % TNT:
71’C IntomaHeeol Hoot Teat: % Loe» in 48 Hr»	
	P*ete Doot Test:	(a) Method	В
100*C Neat Tech % Lou, let 48 Hrs	1.8 % Lou, 2nd 48 Hr»	1Л Expiceion in 100 Hrs	Bone	Condition	Hand tamped Confined	Mo Density, gm/cc	1.52 Brisonce, % TNT	111
	
ReaaaeMBy lades:	178	МЮВОТВ0В ВВЯО1	—TO Confinement	Bone
HygreoeepMy: % 30°C, 95jC RH	0.55	Charge rm.'neter. In.	1.0 Density, gmA e	1.57 Rate, .neters/iocond	766O
VotaMty:	25°C, 5 daye	0.00	
55
АМСР 706-177
Composition C-g
Frogmumtatie* Tost:	Shaped Charge EHectlveooee, TNT = IOC:
M м HL M71 Projectile, Let WC-91:	Glass Cores Steel Ccnes
Density, g-n/cc	Hale Volume
Charge Wt, lb	Hole Depth
Total No. of Freguxnts: For TNT For Subject HE	C-*5	White
	Principal Uses: Plastic demolition explosive
	
1 tach HL M42A1 Projectile, Lot KC-5:	
Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb	
Total No. of FrogoMMls: For TNT For Subject HE	Method of Loedtag:	Hand tailed
	
	Lookup Density: gm/cc	1.57
FrogoMot Velocity: ft/sec At 9 ft	
	
At 25% ft	
Density, gm/cc	Method	Dry
hot (Motive to TNT)-	Hozcrd Class (Quontity-Distonce) Cleos 9
Air	Compotlbility Group	Group I
Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	Exudation	Volatilizes above 52°C
Air, Comflaed:	Plasticity:
Impulse Under Water Peak Pressure	Belcv 0°C	Plastic (-30°C) O-J*O°C	Plastic
	above J*O°C	Hard (52°C)»
i.-.pulse fnergy	•Due to vol! tall zat J on of plasticizer.
	References;
Undcry round: Peak Pressure	See references for Composition C-U.
Impulse Energy	
		1	

AX СР 706-177
Соеров iti on С-3
СееарееШеа:			Mehceter Weight:		
Те гак Tetryl srr		77 3 b	Oxyp.a FeterHe: CC, *. co %		
ШТ мкт		10 5	Deaeity: gm/cc		
ИС		1	>		
C/HRotto			Freeeiag Met: ’C		
1яфМ* >—2 Kg Wt: Витки of Minot Apporotus, Sample Wt 20 mg Pkotinny Arsenal Apporotu Sample Wt, mg		loot lb 33	BeMag Mat: *C		
	CFW », ?n.		Refractive lade*, ng i£ ng		
FiKV^RI ТгаВЮТМИе IWXne Steel Shoe Fiber Shoe	Unaffected Unaffected		Vocaaai StebMy Teet: cc/40 Hr», ot 90*C 100*C 120T 1355' 150'C		1.21 11+
RMe BmNet hupect Teet: Trial* % Explosion*	0 Partial*	40					
Burned Unaffected	0 60		2f 7 Stoat Beoib Vad Teet: Sond, gm		53-1
fapieeioa Teetperatere: Second*, 0.1 (no cap used) 1 5 Decomposes 10 IS 20	•c 280		МННПтНу W Minimum Detonating Chorge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide Tetryl		0.20 0.08
			BaMetic Mortar, % TNT:	(•)	126
			Travel Test, % TNT:	(b)	117
75’C leferaatieael Heel Teet: % La** in 48 Hr*					
			Mete Dent Teet: Method	(c)	В
IBO'C Hoot Teet: % Lou, 1st 48 Hr* % Lou, 2nd 48 Hn Explosion In 100 Hr*		3.20 I.63 Kone	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Briionce, % TNT	Hand	tamped No 1-57 118
			Detaootiea Rate: Confinement	(a) Hand	
Нвмм*ЫИ1/ 1я4м:					None tamped 1.0 1.60 7625
HygraocepkBy: % ЭО°С, 95$ RH		2.b	Chorge Diameter, in. Density, gm/cc Rote, meters/teccsd		
VelelMty:	25°C, 5	days	1.15			
57
AMCP 706-177
Composition С-3
		Shaped Che<ge illsrlhseMS, TNT = IN:
9» мм M, МП PrefcttHe, Let WC-91: Densit, jm/cc	158 Charge Wt, lb	2O*»5		Glees Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth
Total Na. of Fregawats: For TNT	703 лк».	Cater.	Yellow
roc SUOjOCt Ht	r** > lech Hi, M«U1 Projectile, lot KC-5: Density, gm/cc	1.60 Charge Wt, b	0.842		Prteeips) Usae: Plastic desolltlon explosive
I^mwV ^^Ve 4^ «WJMWNVVo For TNT For Subject HE	514 671	Method of Leadbgt	Hand taaped
		Loadteg Deaekyt gm/cc	1.58
4* /ma* Td^SIVyi It/а^Ъ		
At 9 ft At25fth Density, gm/cc		Mefhod	Dry
Most (UieHeo to TNT):		Hazard Class (Quuntity-Distonce)	Cisse 9
Air. Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	105 109	Compatibility Group	Group I Exudation	Exudes st 77°C
Air, Coefaod: Impulse Under Water: Peak Pressure		Plasticity; Belov 0°C	Hard (-29°C) 0-40°C	Plastic Above 4o°C	Exudes (77°C) Booster Sensitivity 'Test:	(h)
Energy Vi^^HjsWWWi Peak Pressure Impuhe Energy		Condition	Pressed Tetryl, gm	100 Wax, in. for 50^ Detonation	I.36 Density, gm/cc	1.62 Beforences: See references for Composition C-4.
58
СоеровItlon С-1
АМСР 706477
CerapeeMon: * ЮЖ t Плене! вег, поп-			Mmecufer WefeRft		
		91	Oeygea Roieaeo: COs % CO %		
I	explosive	у» * Contain! polyiaobutylene	по cor oil 1-6)1 and di(2-ethylhexyl) lab*cate 5.3)6.			Deaeity: gm/cc		
			Mefeiog e*teh *C		
C/H Ratio			нееемр FeMrs		
»*п*ГеВу, 1 K| W»: taeou of Mine* Apparatus, cm Sample Wt 20 mg Picotinny Arsenol Apparatus, in. Sample Wt, mg			ВеШад Fsfeh *C		
		19 27	Refractive ledex, ng n£		
FfictfM FwAAmi Teet* Steel Shoe ₽"-«• Shoe	Unaffected Unaftacted		fe»	— cc/40 Hrs, ot 90'C 100*C 120 C 135°C 150*C		0.26
RM* Bsdlet impact Test:	Trials % Explosions	0 Partials	0					
Burned Unaffected	20 80		200 Gram Bomb Seed Test: Sand, gm		55-7
txpi*"t*e Temperetere: Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) 1 5 ’0 15 20	•c 290		•	Ы V.	*»* «*__ «VBBmWBvBay wW lOBBVWn^BMe Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide Te»ryl		0-20 0.10
			Ba№*HcM<fter, % TNT:	(a)	130
			Trend Teet, % TNT:		
75*C lafwwHoMl Meet Test: % Los* in 48 Hrs					
			Mete Cent Test: -Aethod	(c)	E
100’C Her* Test: % я, i 11 48 Hrs % Lp'., ini 48 Hrs Exp! rjon in iOO Hrs		0.13 0.00 I.'cne	Cond.Tkrfi Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT	Heno tanped No 1.60	| П5	
			Ootoaetleu Rote: Confinement	(d) Hand	
ЯеампеМЙу lodes:					None tanped 1.0
Hygroscopicity: % ЗО^С, 95$ RH		Hll	CondifKH Charge Riometer, in. Density, gm/cc Rotw, meters/second		
VefeHHty:					1.59 3010
59
АМСР 706-177
exposition С-к
^vw^MMRWHWi *V^ N «и» HI. МЛ Projsctite. Lot WC-»1: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, k> rol Ne. of Fragments: For TNT For Sublet HE 1 inch M. M42A1 Project*, Lot KC*S: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, b Total Na, of Fragments: For TNT For Subject HE	Sbeped Charge Iffotthsesoa. TNT = >09: (jkm Cones Steel Cores Hole Voiijme Ho>« Depth
	Celer:	Light brow:
	Principal Utas: Plastic demolition explosive
	Method of Leedk.p:	Hand tamped
	loodhg Density: gm/cc	1.60
Fiegnsol Vetedty: ft/tec At 9 ft At 25ЦН Density, gm/cc	
	Metfr d	Dry Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance)	Cisse	9 Compatibility Group	Group	I Exudation	None at 77°C
Bteot (Ratetbe to TNT): Air Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Ah’. Cenfinod: Impulse Under Water: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	
	Effect of Tempereture on	(1) Rate of Detonation: 16 hrs et, °C	-5k	21 Density, gm/cc	1.J6	1>35 Rate, m/sec	7020	TOkO Plasticity: Belov 0°C	Plastic	(<7°C) O-kO°C	Fleet!c Above kO°C	Fleatlc	(T. °C)
60
AMCP 706*177
Compoaltiona С, С-2, С-3» C-U
Preparetl on;
In manufacturing Cu^oeition C-3, the aised plasticlxlng agent la heated in a melting kettle
at 1OO°C. Wter-wet RIX la added and heating and stlxring are continued until all the eater ie
evaporated. Thia mixture la then cooled and hand preened into demolition blocks or special item
amnni tian.
Cosgroaitlon C-l* la prepared by hand kneading and rolling, or in a Schrader Bowl mixer, RIX
of Mt micron alze or leas with the polyisobutylene-plaetlcizer previously made up in ether, the
thoroughly blended explosive is dried in air at 6O°C and loosely packed by hand tamping to ite
maximum density.
Origin:
Developed by the British during World War II au a plastic explosive which could be band
shaped. It was standardized in the United States during World Her II and subsequent development
led to mixtures designated C-2, C-3 and C-b.
Destruction by Chemical Decoapoeition:
Composition C-3 is decomposed by adding it slowly tc ь solution composed of 1 1/b parts
sodium hydroxide, 11 parte '«ter, and b parts 95$ alcohol, bested to 5O°C. After addition of
Composition C-3 la complete, the solution is heated to 8O°C and mintained at this temperature
for 15 minutes.
References;П
(a)	Committee of Div 2 and 8, !TT.v. Report on HdX and Trxtonal, OSRD No. 5bo6, 31 July 19b5.
(b)	Philip C. Keenan and Dorothy Pipes, Table of Military High Explosives, Second Revision,
NAVORD Report Nd. 87-b6, 26 July 19b6.
(c)	D. P. MacDougall, Methods of Physical Testing, OSRD Report No. 803, 11 August 19b2.
L. C. Staith end E. G. Eyster, Physical Testing of Explosives, Part III - Miscellaneous
Sensitivity Testa; Performance Testa, OSRD Report No. 571*6, 27 December 191*5.
(d)	G. H. Messerly, The Rate of Detonation of Various Explosive Compounds, 01®D Report No.
1219, 22 February 19b3-
M. D. Hurwitz, Ihe Rate of Detonation of Various Compounds and Mixtures, OSRD Report No.
5611, 15 January 19b6.
w" R" UomlinBon, Jr., Blast Effects of Bomb Explosives, PA Tech Div Lect'ire, 9 April
(f)	Eastern Laboratory, du Pont, Investigation of Cavity Effect, Sec ITT, Variation of Cavi-
ty Effect vith Explosive Composition,~BpRC Coi.tract Wb72-ORI>>?23.
(g)	Eastern Laboratory, du Pont, Investigation of Cavity Effect, Final Report, 18 September
191*3, NDPC Contract W-672-ORD-5723.
(h)	L. C. Smit end S. R. Walton, A Consideration of RDX/Wax Mixtures as a Substitute for
In try! in Boosters, NOL Memo 10,303, 15 June 191*9.
^See footnote 1, page 10.
61
АМСР 706-177
Coipooitions С, С-2» С-3» C-k
(1) V» Ж. McGarry art T. W. Stevens, Detonation Bates of the Mare Iwxartant Rill try Xxplo-
stves at Several ftnporetures, ВМЯ So. '’3B3, Soveaber 19%.
(j ) Also ме the following Plcatlnny Arsenal Technical Reports on ВПК Composition С:
	0	1	2	к	2	6	I	8	2
£&£	1260		1293					1518 1838	
о» c-e		1611	1293 1ПЗ	21%	1595	1416 1к16	1797	1518 1518	
°M 9^					1695 1885	1556 1766 1766	1907	2038 1828 1958	1819
62
Copper Chlorotetresole
АМСР 706-177
	Meleeuler Weigh»: (CuCjNgClg) 871
% С	8.9	N—N^ и У™ И L1.5	и—жГ	Oxygen Beteece: CO- %	-30 co %	-le
\Си О. 26.2	г—м<	MmByt gm/cc	2.(1»
Си 23-к	И—Я^001	
С/Н Rotio	0^ nvHMj гяввт 4>
impest SeneitMty, 1 К. Wh Bureau of Mln»» Apparatus, cm Sample Wt 20 mg Pleotinny Arsenal Apparatus, in. 1; (1 lb vt) 3 Sample Wt, mg	9	BeHIng Me»: °C
	Refractive Index, n° Па nb
McNea Peedoleni Tee»: Steel Shoe	Exploded Fiber Shoe	Exploded	Veceaae StabMBy Tee»: cc/40 Hrs, ot 90°C 100°C 120°C I35’C ISPC
RMe Mie» hnpect Tee»: Triole % Eclosions Partials	
Burned Unaffected	200 Crem Bemb Send Test: (f) B^eSrder fue.	^.3
Ixpheiee Trnrpeietuie:	°C Seconds, 0.1 (n. cop used) 1 5	305 10	SeneBMty te InMetien: Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide	0.20	0.30 Tetryl	0.10
20	BeHistic Merter, % TNT:
	Treed Tee», % TNT:
7S°C iMenwtieeel Hee» Tee»: % Loss in 48 Hrs	
	Ptete Dent Test: Method
100’C Meet Test: % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs	2.6? % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs	0.10 Explosion in 100 Hrs	None	Condition Confined	' Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
	BnSe. Confinement Condition Charge Diameter, in. Density, gm/cc Rate, meters/second
НмммЬЛЙу IWts*	
HygraccepicJty: % 30°C, 90£ RH	3-11	
TVHIhrji	
63
АМСР 706-177
Copper Chlorotetraiole
	.1	1 		"111 111 Shaped Charge МиНгоои*, TNT a	Nti
M ша HE, МЛ rraiMtih, let WC-»1: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, K>	Gloss Const Steel Cents Hole Volume Hole Depth	
Total Мм «1 Fragments: For TNT For SubHet HE 1 МНЕ,MOA1 hsMk LotKCJi Density, gm/cc Chorge Wt, lb	Cebn	Mee	
	Prtoripel Usok	Prlsary explosive	
Total No. of FrogmeeN: For TNT For SubHet HE	Method of Lee**	Proceed	
	Loodkrg Deeri* gm/cc Vе1 x	W3	(e)
Fregateet Wbel* ft/sec Ad 9 ft At25Hft Density, gm/cc	10	20	UO l.M	ЬбЗ	1.7*1	70 1.86
	Staroget Method	Wet
Most (Molise taTNTh	Haxord Class (Quantlty.£K«;cxe)	CiBae 9
Abt Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	Compatibility Grc»;> Exudation	Group M Hone
Impulse Under Wotan Poofc Pressure Import. Energy	Stab aensitf.v tyt	(a) Density Firing Point (inch>ouncee) jb'cc.	2	1& 1Л9	9	11	15 1.63	8.5	10	12 1.7L	6	,	9 1.66	U	r	6	
РеокРгшемге Impulse	Heat of: Explosion, eal/ga	432
Energy	Specific Heat, ral/ga/°C	
	Те* range G°-30°C Wt of *мф!е, gv	O.i55 0.3910
64
AMCP 706-177
Copper Chlorotetxeiole
Fropaxation: (a)
five змш of 5-anlnotetrazole are dissolved in a nixture at 200 al of eater and TO al of
concentrated Hd. Pnot^h kerosene or nujol (which gives a «lightly cleaner product) is added
to provide в ley» of oil epproodaetely 1/h" thick on the surface. with only Moderate stirring
and external cooling to 10°-15°C> a aolutljn of 5 i{reea of sodiun nitrite in 70 cc of water la
added rapidly by naana of a burette extending below the oil layer. lenediately after thia addi-
tion, a solution at r ga at cupric chloride In a alnluwa anount of water la added all at once,
and stirring la continued for about 1 hour. The r*. -? ion Mixture la allowed to stand for a few
Minutes till the bright blue copper ealt ceparetaa. Ле oil is reMOred by decantation and any
be reuoed. Ihe ealt ie filtered; vaahed vith water alcohol, and fccher; and dried - giving e
yield of 6 grans or 7M-
НОВО
N+-C1-
♦2H20
I—I	N—N
I \ci	, Cum I \-Cl-,
R	vll J UlrW _ I	L	T Rg
LZ
Cu
— I
^CCl
✓
—N
Origin:
Ihe copper salt of 5-cNtarotetrazole was first described in 1929 by R. Stolle (vith
E. Schick, F. Henke-Stark and L. Krause) who prepared the ccagxxind by reaction of the diazo-
nium chloride of 5-aninotetrazole vith copper chloride (Her feA, 1123).
References:12
(a)	H. J. Gaughrac and J. V. F. Khuftaan, Synthesis and Properties of Halotetrazoie Salts,
PAIR Bo. 2136, February 1955.
(b)	A. M. Anzalone, J. E. Abel and A. C. Forsyth, Characteristics of Explosive Substances.
for Application In AMMinition, EAIR Bo. 2179, May 1955-
(с)	A. C. Forsyth, Pfc, 3. Krasner end R. J. Gaughran, Development of Optimum Explosive
Trains. An Investigation Concerning Stab Sensitivity versus Loading Density of Some Initiating
!^хДЬ7ВДГко. aU,. Rt,r^ry	------4---------- ----------------------
12See footnote 1, page 10.
65
АМСР 700-177
Qranurlc Trlazlde
% C	IT.6	Nj И	82.4	/^\ If	N rl Лнз C/H Rotio	Melecttier Weight: (C3N12)	204
	^Soygea Baletsce, CO, %	-4T.1 CO %	-23.5
	Jeasity: gm/cc	Crystal	1.5b
	Making Potato *C	94
	ггают| rvNws u
taipoct Sensitivity, 2 Kg Wto Bureau of Mint* Apporotus, cm 1 kg vt T Sample Wt 20 mg Pleotinny Arsenal Apparatus, in. Sample Wt, mg	BeMtag Potato *C
	Refractive Index, n° nS n£
FiWl^RI аМИ^^ИОМО • •o Steel Shoe Fiber Shoe	Vacuum Stability Tost: cc/40 Hrs, ot 90‘C 100’C 120-C 1?5*C 150‘C
Rifle Mht Impact Tests Trials % Explosions Partials Burned Unaffected	
	200 6rum Booth Sand Tost: Sand, gm	32.2
bptaiM Тм^мКн:	’C Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) 252 1 5 10 15 20	Sensitivity to InMatien: Minimum Detonating Gxirge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Aside	0.20 Tetryl	0.10
	Ballistic Mortar, % TNT:
	Tread Tost, % TNT:
75*C Intemational fleet Test: % Loss in 48 Hrs	
	Plata Dent Tech Method Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
100‘C fleet Test; % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs % Lou, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion in 100 Hrs	
	Dotonetien Reto: Confinement Condition Charge Diameter, in.	0-3 Density, gm/cc	1.15 Rate, meters/second	5550-5600
НмммЬМЙу 1и4вх:	
QL. rvy^i^vc^^vwy* TV	
ValetMty: Decomposes above 100°C !		
66
AMCP 706-177
Cyanuric Triazide
M ома HI. M71 Piejsctlle, Let WC-»1: Density, gm/cc Chorge Wt. k> Мж 1	W FV^^pHiVMVWe For TNT For Subject HE 1 task HI. MOA1 PiojectMe, Let KC-Si Density, gm/cc Chorge Wt, ta Y^^M Ma *- . * ImY^ n^^pMiVMW • For TNT For Subject HE		j 	Шаалкмма TMY — IM. WWIJi Koo^YVwV^RBYVVe e W  •“ g^^Pe doss Cones Steel Cones Holo Volume Hole Depth
	Color:	Colorlees
	Piin rip el Usee: Not used because of difficulty in controlling sensitivity.
	Meth» I of Loedtag:	Pressed
	Landtag Density: gm/cc At 200 atnospheres	1Л At 800 etnoepheres	1-5
Fragment Velocity: h/мс At» ft At25ftft Density, gm/cc	
	Stove^^o Method Hozord Close (Quontily-Distonce)	Class 9 Compatibility Group Exudation	None
। West (Idstive fe TNT): | Ab: j	Peok Pressure Impulse Energy Ab. Cleftali: Impulse Under Wotan Peak Pressure Impulse Energy ВВа^^м^^аоп^^Ло Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	
	
67
Cyanuric Triazide
AMCP 705-177
Prtparaticn:
S|y th* reaction at cyanuric chloride vith an aqueous solution at sodium aside
:-ci
H--C
z\
ЗМаИ, —»
3KaCl
Recrystallisation should ba avoided aa it leads to vary large crystals which explode when
broken.
Origin:
Cyanuric Triaside was prepared la iBVf by Cahours from chlorine and nethyl cyanate.
Later Jane* improved the process (JCS gl, 266 (1887) and in 1921 E. Ott patented the prepara-
tion from cyanuric chloride and sodium aside (Baf b) Thylor and Rinkeribech prepared cyanuric
triaside in a pure state and determined ita properties (Ref c).
initiating Efficiency:
Reported to be more efficient than lead aside, capable of initiating Explosive D.
Solubility;
Insoluble in water; readily soluble in hot ethanol, acetone, benzene, and ether.
Heat of:
Fonatlon, cal/ga	-1090 to -H38
References:13
(a)	A. H. Blatt, Cowilatlon of Data on Organic Explosives, OSRD Report Bo. 2014,
29 February 1944.
(b)	Ott and Choe, Bar ^4, 179 (1921).
(c)	IWylor and Rickenbach, Bureau of Minas, И 2513 (1923).
mylar end Rinkenbach, J Frank Inst 204, 369 (1927).
l%a* footnote 1, page 10.
Qrelonite* (RDX)
А И СР 706-177
СмеаНи!		Motecrrier Weight: (C^NgOg)		222
те	Z X C	16.3	OgN-N	N—ML H	2.7	Hol	CHp	>	Oeygea Balance: CO, % CO %		-22 0.0
H 37.8	\/		Dsaeity: gm/cc	Crystal		1.82
0 ъз.2	Ж>2		MoMag Mat: *C		204
C/HRotio 0.095		Кмап1*а		
Impact SeasMrMy. T Kg Wlh Buroou of Mines Apparatus, cm Sample Wt 20 mg Picotinrry Arsenal Apparatus, in. Sample Wt, mg	&	ВеШад Mat: *C		
	8 18	Refractors Index, nJ l£ nb		
ГПКП*Я ГР^ИЯЯ * Wsl Steel Shoe	Explodes Fiber Shoe	Unaffected		Vacuum StebMRy Test: cc/40 Hrs, ot 90"C 100X 120*C 135*C 150’C		0.7 0.9 2.5
Rifle Ballot Impest Test:	Trials % Explosions	100 Partials	0				
Burned	0 Unaffected	0		200 firom Booth Saad Ted Sand, gm		60.2
lepiooloa Tessporeture:	*C Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) >>05 1	316 5	Оесофоеее 260 10	240 15	235 20		• _—-Sa^R^^ Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Load Azide * Alternltive Initiating chargee,		0.19» 0.05*
		BoMriic Metter, % TNT:	(•)	150
		Trees! Tost. % TNT:	(b)	157
9**Л Uteam^laMf *-*	*	—*- • 9 w ЮТ^тЯ^Р^ИВРВ uv^^te Ifmi % Loss in 48 Hrs				
	0.03	Plate Doot Test: Method	(ch	A
100‘C Hoot Test: % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs % Loes, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion In 100 Hrs	0 04 0.00 Mono	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Prisance, % TNT	Pressed Yes 1.50 135	
				
HemmebMty lades:	(d)	278	Confinement		None Pressed 1.0 I.65 3180
Hygroscopicity: % 25°C, 100$ RH	0.02	Charge Diameter, in. Density, gm/cc Rate, meters/socond		
VofaHBty:	Nil			
*Neme given by Clarence J. Beln of Pice tinny Arsenal. Germans cell It Hexogen; Italians call
it Ofc; British, RDX.

лмсртм-m
Cyclonite (RDX)
vWH^^r вИоНТгЖу I BWi Condition Tetryl, gm Wax, kt. for 30% Detonation Wok, gm Density, gm/cc	DeeompooMon Bguetioa.	(1) ,0 c Oxygen, otoms/soc	IO10*’ (Z/soc) Heat, kilocalorie/mde	bf. 5 (AH, kcol/mol) Temperature Range, *C	213-299 Phase	Liquid
Xsotefi Combustion, col/gm	2285 Explosion, col/gm	12BC Gas Volume, cc/gm	90S Formation, col/gm	»$S Solution, cnl/nol (28-55% BS^) 7.169* •Aamming cyclonite uniwoleculnl-	Armor Hate Impost Test: Wmm WIWTWr 50% Inert, Velocity, ft/sec Aluminum Fineness
Specific host: col/gm/*C °C	°C 20	0.298	100	О.Ьоб bO	O.33I	120	O.b2? 60	0.360	Ibo	O.bb6 80	0.38b	Plate Thickness, inches 1 1’Zs 1% 1%
cm/soc	
	Bomb Drop Test:
Thermal CeeducNvIly;	(h)	. cal/soc/cm/*C	1.263	6.91 x 10*? Density, gn/cc	1-533	6.96 x 10~*	17,2M04b Semi Armor Herring Bomb vs Concrete:
Linear, %/*C Volume, %/*C	Max Safe Drop, ft S0%* Geesrel Purpose Bomb vs Generate: Height, ft Trials Unaffected
	
Young's Modulus: E', dynos/cm* E, b/inch* Density, gm/cc	Low Order High Order lOOCMb General Purpose Bomb vs Generate: Height, ft Trials Unaffected
CaortWoesive Strength: tb/ineh’	
Vaer.wl тенге: *C	mm Mercury	Low Order High Order
	
70
АМСР 706-177
Cyclonite (RDX)
WmM, Mil Pujsctih, Lot WC-61: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt,b Tefal Ha. ef Fragaseata: For TNT For Subject HE 1 Saab M, MOA1 F»|ec«U Let KC-Si Density, gm/cc ChorgeWt, R> Tefal He. of Fragments: For TNT For Subject HE	Shaped Charge SHectiveeass, TNT = 106: GIom Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Color:	White
	Priadpai Utas: Detonator beae charge, and Ingredient for projectile and bomb fillers
	Method af Loedtog:	Pressed
	Loading Daaehy: gm/cc	P«1 x 10^ 3	5	10	12	15	20 1.46	1.52	1.60	I.63	1.65	1.68
Ffagnmet Vatadty: ft/sec At» ft At25Hft Density, gm/cc	
	4-^	S	tux dvwmoci	"* Hozord Class (tyantity-Distonce) Class	9 Compatibility Group	Group	M (vet) Group L (dry) Exudation	Hone
Май «KaisHvo t* TNT): Abt Pack Pressure Impulse Energy Ahr, Confined: Impulse Under Wotan Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	
	Effect of Temperature on Rate of Detonation;	(k) 16 hrs at, °C	-51»	21 Denalty, gn/cc	1.61	1.62 Rate, a/sec	8100	8050 Effect of Temperature on Inject Sensitivity; Temp.	Bk Impact Test °C	2Kg Wt, Inches Room	9 32.2	8 104	5
71
АМСР 706-177
Сус Ionita (ШК)
Solubility of Qyclonita; gm/100 ст of the following aubctancea; (j)
Water	Alcohol	Acetone	Henzene	Tolueno
Од 30 0.005	“o’ оТоБЬ	“o’ -A	i A 20 0.05	“S’ A15
50 0.025	20 0.105	20	7.3	ho 0-09	20	0.02
70 O.CT*	h0 0.2h0	ho 11.5	60 0.20	hO 0.05
90 0.19	60 0.579	60 18.	80 O.hl	60 0.13
wo O.ae Ethyl acetate	78 1.195 Carbon tetrachloride	Methanol	Bthar	80 0.30 100 0.65 ЯТ
i- A	Од 50 0.005	Од 0 ол4	_£ 10 0.05	S’ A
9h 18.	60 C.007	20	0.23	20 0.056	85 5-0
	70 0.009	hO O.hf	30	0.076	90 5-55
lecaevl	Methyl	60	1.1 Althosrethyl		95 6-2 100 7.0 105 7-9 Trichloro-
	•oetate	acetate	Chlorobenzene ethylene	
Og_ 0 0.02	•22- 4- 20 275	_°C	< 20	0.15	± 20 0.33	20 oTSo
20 0.03	30 3-3	30	0.16	30 O.hh	30 0.22
ho 0.065	ho h.l	hO 0.19	hO O.56	ho 0.2h
60 0.22	50 5-6	50	0.25	50 0.7h	50 0.26
80 0.5h 100 1.35 Tetra-	1^^>~	laobutanol	Chloroform	Meaityloxlde
S’	4g- Jk ЭВ 0.18	Од 20	0.0	Од	g 20 0.01	°C I ~SF 3З2
Cyclo-	Mitro-	Mitro-	tyclo-	97 12.2
	brazene	ethene	pentanone	Acetonitrile
&	°S_ Л. 25 1.5	S A	4g.A ar 11.5	°C % 2S”fl
97 25	97 12.h	93 19	90 37	82 33
Methyl ethyl ketone
72
Cyclonite (RM)
AMCP 706-177
Solubility of Cyclonite, Holeton Lot B-2-5 in Various Solvent»:
Boiling				Heated	Cryatalline Fora
Solvent	Potntj	Grade or Source4	28°C		
Acetone	56	CP	8.2	I6.5 at 60°C	hexagonal-thick
Qrclohextnone	155.6	CP	13.0	24.0 at 93°C	cubic (naaalve fora)
Rttronethane	100.8		1-5	12.4 at 9T°C	platen
Acetonitrile	81.6	Mi acet Chea. Co.	11.3	33.4 at 93°C	platen
1-litroprcpane c	126.5	H Preet	1.4	10.6 at 93°C	short needlee
P-Rltropropanr -	120	BC Praui	2.3	11.6 at 93°C	abort needlee
2,4-Pentanedione	140.5	Carbide Ь Carbon	2.9	18.3 at 93°C	flat prisns
NethyUodbutylketone	115.8		2.4	9-6 at 93°C	long priane
n-Propylacetate	101.6	К Sad label	1.5	6.0 at 93°C	long priane, все» cubic
n-Botylformte	105.6	К Red Label	1.4	4.6 at 9S°C	long priane
Ethyl acetate	77-1	Baker*в T	2.0	6.1 at boil.	hexagonal platea
n-Rrapylpropiooate	121	К Red label	0.8	1.6 at 93°C	abort priane, всем cubic
Butyleoetate	126.5	К Technicel	1.1	4.0 at 93°C	long priana
Netbylethy Iketone	79.6		5-6	13*9 at boil.	coerce platea
litroethane	114.2	К Red label	3.6	19-5 at 93°C	platea
laopropylacetate	88-90	CP	1.1	3.2 at boil.	long prions
Mealtyloxide	128	Bi Red label	4.8	14-5 at 93°C	platea
n-Anylaeetate	146	CP	1.0	2.1 at 93°C	priane
Ctnathylcarbonate	88-91	К Red label	1.4	6.6 at boil.	platea
Dtethylcarbonate	125-126.5	Bi Red label	0.7	3.2 at 93°C	priane
laoHgylacetate	132	CP	1.2	3-6 at 93°C	priane
Etbylpropionate	96-100	К Red label	3.0	10.7 at 93°C	fairly thick hex platea
Methyl-n-butyret.	IOI.5-IO3.5	Ж Red Label	1.2	4.9 at 93°C	needlea
Cydcpentanone	130.6	BC Red label	11.5	39.0 at 93-5°C	hexagonal platea
Acrylonitrile	77.3	Qyananid Co.	4.0	16.4 at boil.	flat platea
Methylcellosolveacstate	144.5	Carbide & Carbon	1.6	8.8 at 93°C	naaalve hexagons and priane
* EX, EMtnan Kodak; Preet, practical.
73
АМСР 706-177
Cyclonite (RDX)
Frmparaticn:
(Sumaary Technical Report of tbm NDRC, Div 8, Vol 1)
zs°2
/и
сн2 XfH2
(CHj, M. ♦ Uno, + 2HH.N0. + 6(СН,С0)о 0	II
г 6 “ з * з 3	*	O.H-N N-NO.
2	\ .X 2
“2
Ammonium nitrate and acetic anhydride are placed in a flask and, while the mixture is stirred
at 75°C, the following three liquids are introduced concurrently and proportionately: acetic an-
hydride, concentrated nitric add, and a solution of hexaadne in glacial acetic add. the final
mixture is held for a short tine at 75°C, diluted with water to 30^ acetic add, and aineered to
hydrolyse unstable reaction by-products, which are a mixture of various nitrated and acetylated
derivatives of hexadna fragments. After simmering, the slurry is cooled and the precipitated
cyclonite removed by filtration. The yield is 78)1 of the theoretical amount (2 moles) of cyclo-
nite melting at 199°C- By dissolving the aneonlum nitrate in the nitric add, a continuous pro-
cess, based on 3 liquids, Is possible.
The product Is recrystallized from acetone, or Cyclohexanone, to (a) remove acidity, (b)
control particle else and (c) to produce stable	The preparative procedure described
above, the Bachmann or Combination process, yields cyclonite containing 3-84 НИХ.
Origin:
First prepared by Benning in 1899 (German Patent 104,280) and later by von Hertz (U. S.
Patent 1, 402,693) In 1922 who recognized its value as an explosive. Kot used on a large scale
In explosive aamunltion until World War II.
Destruction by Chemical Decomposition;
Cyclonite (RDX) is decomposed by adding it slowly to 25 times its weight oZ boiling 5jl sodium
hydroxide. Boiling should be continued for one-half hour.
References:14
(а)	Г< C. Smith and E. G. Eyeter, Physical Testing of Explosives, Part III - Miscellaneous
Sensitivity Tests; Performance IBata, OSRD Report No. 5746, 27 December 1945.
(b)	Ph. Naoum, Z. кеа Schiess &>rengstoffw, pp. 181, 229, 267 (27 June 1932).
(c)	D. P. MacDougall, Methods ot Physical Testing, OSRD Report No. 803, 11 August 1942.
(d)	Philip C. Keenan and Dorothy Pipes, Table of Military High Explosives, Second Revision,
NVVORD Report No. 87-46, 26 July 1946.
^See footnote 1, page 10.
74
АМСР 706-177
Cyclonite (ВМС)
(•) Arsaaant Research Department (Woolvich), Solubility of RMC In Mitrlc Add (ARD Kxpl Rpt
322/1*3 SeptaAer 19**3)-
(f)	Report AC-2587.
(g)	International Critical Tables
land. Bomat.
В. T. Fedoroff at al, A fanual for Bxploslves laboratories, Lefax Society Inc, Phila-
delphia, 19U3-6.
(h)	S. Hutchinson, Pw Therral Pansitiveneaa of Explosives. Hie Thermal Conductivity of
toloslvo Keter1*'1»- AC 2bol, Rret Report, August 1^42.
(1) R. J. Finkelstein and Q. Gaaov, Theory of the Detonation Process, KAVORD Report Ko. 90-
1*6, 20 April 19*7.
(j) International Critical Tables.
(k) W. F. HcOorry and T. W. Stevens, Detonation fates of the More Iwcrtant Military Explo-
sives at Several Different Tesperatures, вкЛ Ko. 2383, Ifcveabe; 1956.
(1) Also see the following Picatinny Arsenal Technical Reports on Cyclonite:
0	1	2	2	1*	2	6	1	8	2
1170	1211	582	863	1181*	65	1236	857	11*38	709
1290	121*1	13k2	1193	11*11*	1175	1316	1207	11*58	1379
1360	1311	1352	1293	11*51*	1185	11*16	11*27	11*98	11*29
lt50	11*21	1372	11*33	1611*	11*35	11*1*6	11*37	1578	11'1*9
17б0	11*81	11*02	11*83	I63U	11*1*5	11*66	1517	1838	11*69
1980	1561	11*52	1503	2024	1715	11*76	1617	1958	1709
2100	1611	11*92	1693	2151*	1855	*516	1687	1958	1909
	1651 171*1 1751 1761 2131 2151	1532 2062 2112	1713 1793 1923	2201*	1885 1915 1935 2095 2125 2205	1556 1756 1766 1796 1836 1936 1956 2016 2056 2176	1737 171*7 1787 1797 1957 211*7 222?	2008 2028 2178 2198	2059 2179
75
АМСР 700-177
Cyclotol, 75/25
* *1T ’ НИХ	75 ПИ	25 С/Н Rotio	Msfeceter Weight:	22b
	Oaygea Baiaoco: CO, %	-35 CO %	-6
	Density: gm/cc	Oast	1.71
	MeMag Pokt: *C
	
Impact SeneltMty, 2 Kg Wlh Bureou of Mines Apparatus, cm Sample Wt 20 mg Pleatinny Arsenal Apparatus, in. Sample Wt, mg	BMieg Point: *C
	Refractive laden, n£ n£ n»
— •-*» - rHWsJB FWW^I*I l*№ S'eel Shoe	Unaffected fiber Shoe	Unaffected	Vecaam SfoMty Teet: cc/40 Hrs, at 90-C 100'C	0.23 120*C	0.1Ч 1Э5*С 150*C
ШЯе BaOat Impact Teet: Trials % Explosions	30 Partials	Эаокеа	Uo Burned	0 Unaffected	30	
	200 Oram Bomb Saad Taett Sand, gm
Espleeioa TaatpereSuee:	C Seconds, 0 1 (no <_np used) 1 5 10 15 20	SeaoMdty to MMfea: Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Load Aside Tetryl
	Вi Bl stir Matter, % TNT:
	Tread Teet, % TNT:
75‘C lntimetis»el Hoot Test: % Loss in 48 Hrs	
	Ptete Dent Test: Method Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % 1 NT
100‘C Hoot Teet: % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion in 100 Hrs	
	Detonation Rate: Confinement	None	Hone Condition	Cast	Cast Charge Diameter,	in.	1.0	1.0 Density, gm/cc	1.70	1-71 Rote, meters/second	8035	793^
ПесптЫШу Index:	
AZ oVy^^^^W^N*8*ye TO	
VelotMty:	
76
Cyclotol, 75/2$
AMCP 706-177
. - yjonomon Tetryl, gm Wax, in. for 50% Detonation Wax, gm DeraHy, gm/cc	.Oxygen, atoms/sec * (Z/soc) Hoot, kilocolorie/mole UH, kcol/mol) Temperature Range, *C Pham
Neat aft Combustion, col/gm	2625* ЕфЫсп, col/gm	1225* Gm Volume, cc/gm	662 Formation, col/gm Rolan, col/gm	(h)	5*0 •Calculated fraa ccapoeltlaa of mixture.	Armor Hole Impact Test: M awn Metter Projectile: 50% Inert, Velocity, ft/мс Aluminum Fineness Pia*e Thickness, inches 1 1% >4
SpocNk Heat: cal/gm/*C (h> 2c -75	0.220	75	0-352 0	0.225	85	0.325 25	0.25b	90	0.332 50	0.296	100	0.351	
cm/iec	
	Bomb Deep Tact: T7, SMMb SeaM-Anner-Mercing Bomb vs Concrete: Max Safe Drop, ft 50Mb General Pmpoee Bomb vs Ceetitle: Height, ft Trials Unaffected Low Order High Order 100O-* General hrrpeee Bomb vs Creuoto: Height, ft Trials Unaffected Low Orde: High Order
Thermal CiafxtlMl). col/sec/cm/*C	
Linear, %/*C Volume, %/"C	
НмАмвВу Meiw* ScbIb*	
E', dynes/cm’ E, tb/fneh* Density, gm/cc	
Compreeoive Strength: Ib/inch*	
Vapor Praeeera: *C	mm Mercury	
	
77
АХСР7М-177
Cyclotol, 75/25
H MI HI, МЛ Рч|ес*И«, IM WC-01: Density, gm/cc	1.72 Charge Wt, lb	2.22 Tefei Me. of Fragments: For TNT	703 For Subject HE	151U 1 Inch HI, MOA1 hefccHta. let KC-5: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb For TNT For Subject HE	Shaped Cbmge tHocttveaess, TNT = IM: Glass Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth
	СЛг	Yellow-buff
	Princlpel Uses: 9taped charge bomb «specially fragmentation; HE projectiles; grenades
	Method of laodtog:	Cast
	Loodtog Density: gm/cc	1.71
tfm^mm^^raa A* гя^мн тютну* !</••* At 9 ft At 25Ц ft Density, gm/cc	
	Method	Dry Hazard Class IQuontity-Detonce)	Class	9 Compatibility Group	Group	I Erudation
Meet WslMHiN TNT):	'd) Ain РеокРгА-е	111 Impume	126 Energy Air, CsaWaed: Impulse Under Water: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Peek Pressure ImpuU: Energy	
	Preparation; See Coeposltlon В Origin; Developed by the British between World Wars I and II and standardized in the United States early in World War Ц. Black Modulus et Room Temperature (25°-30°C): lynte/cm^ x 10-W	3.09 Density, gm/cc	1.7k Absolute Viscosity, poises;* Temp, 85UC	210*» 90°C Efflux Viscosity, Ssybolt Seconds:
	Temp, 85°C	9-1U *	Compositions using Spec Graae Type A, Cisse A RDX. *	* Composition prepsred using RDX of optimum particle size.
78
Cyclotol, 70/30
АМСР 706-177
	Molecular Weight:	22b	|
гак	то тит	зо	Oxygen Вокам: CO, %	-37 CO %	- 8
	Density: gm/cc	Cast	I.71
	*C
С/Н Ratio	Freezing Poke: 'C
Impact Sensitivity, 2 Kg Wt: Bureau of Minot Apparatus, cm	60 Sample Wt 70 mg Picatinny Arsenal Apparatus, in.	lb Sample Wt. mg	20	*C
	Refractive Index, n“ nb n*
» * . -*- »	 ГПС*МЯ ГТОЮТтоТО ЮТ*! Steel Shoe	Unaffected Fiber Shoe	Unaffected	C^mKlMDne Tande ▼ Ouawin	1 wm 0 cc/40 Hrs, ot 90'C 100’C 120’C	0.86 135"C 150*C
Rifle Mht Impact Tost:	Trials % Explosions	30 Partials	30	
Burned	0 Unaffected	bO	200 Grom Bomb Send Tost: Send, gm	56.6
Explosion Temperature:	*C Seconds. 0.1 (no cop used) 1 5 Decaapoees 265 10 15 20	JwWmtvWy TO IINValn^VOOe Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate	0-21* Load Azide	0.20* Tetryl •Alternative Initiating charges.
	BaiUefic Mortar, % TNT: (e)	135
	Trartzl Test, % TNT:
7S*C iMotaatioMl Hoot Test: % Lots in 48 Hrs	
	Plate Dent Test:	(b) Method	В
100'C Hoot Test: % Lou, 1st 48 Hrs	0.07 % Lou, 2nd 48 Hrs	0.08 Explosion in 100 Hrs	None	Condition	Cast Confined	No Density, gm/cc	1.725 Brisonce, % TNT	136
	Dotoeotien Rote: Confinement	None Condition	Cast Chorge Diameter, in.	1.0 Density, gm/cc	1-73 Rote, meters/second	9o60
Flammability Index:	
Hygroscopicity: %	Nil	
VektMty:	Nil	
79
AMCP 706-177
Cyclotol, 70/30
FiwgnmaJaHoa Test:		Shopod Charge HfoeNveaeaa, TNT = 100:
W waa Hi, M71 Projectile, La* WC-91: Density, gm/cc	1-71 Charge Wt, fb	2.213		Gloss Cones Steel Cones (e) Hole Volume Hole Depth	130
Total No. of FregoMati: For TNT For Subject HE » tach HI, MttAI Рм)есМе, Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, It	703	Colon	Yellow-buff
	LotKC-5: 1.72 0.923	Prtadpol Ums; Shaped charge boobs; especially fragmentation HE projectiles, grenades
0	^^Ve V* rw^^pHiVMVtae For TNT For Subject HE	51U 826	Methed of Loodtag:	Cast
		Loadtag Dsaoity: gm/cc	1.71
FregaMot Till city: ft/ис At 9 ft At25ftft Density, gm/cc		
		Method	Dry
Blast (Kotattie to TNT):	(a)	Hasord Class (Quantity-Distance)	dess 9
Ain Peak Prauure Impuhe Energy	110 120	Compatibility Group	Group I Exudation
Air, CsaHrsd; Impuhe Under Wotan Peek Pressure Impuhe Energy Peek Pressure Impuhe Energy		Preparation; See Composition В Origin; Developed by the British between World Wars 1 end TI and standar’ieed in the United States early in World War *1. Absolute Viscosity, poises:* Temp, 85°C 90°C	53-2 Efflux Viscosity, Saybolt Seconds: Ten?’.	85°C	5 Heat of;	*» Combustion, cal/gm	2685 Explosion, cal/gm	1213 Ges Volume, cc/gm	851»
		* Composition using Spec Grade Type A, Class A RDX. ** Calculated fr<	oosition of mixture.
80
Cyclotol, 65/35
АМСР 706-177
См*мМи: гак ШТ	35			22t	
		Oxypea Baieoee: CO- % CO %	.hO - Q	
		Deneityi gm/cc	cast	1.71	
		MeMag Paint: *C		
С/Н Ratio		»	..e	же. pf» vWfl Ve		
impeet SeaeMvfty, 2 Kg Wh Вилюй of Minot Aoparatus. cm Sample Wt 20 mg Picatinny Arsenal Apparatus, in. Sample Wt. mg		Beflinf Point: *C		
		ж * a. В—— D МПЖСПтр Hi^VMp l>M nb n£		
Steel Shoe Fiber Shoe	Unaffected Unaffected	cc/40 Hrs, ot 90*C 100‘C 120’C 135’C 150‘C		
Rifle Met impeet Test: Trials % Explosions Partials				
Burned Unaffected		200 Grero li—b Seed Taatt Sand, gm	55-h	
ЬрЫоа Те apoeotere:	bC Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) I 5 Deconpoees 270 10 IS 20		»	- Л- | — 3VH*WWWy TO 1ЯИчЯ^Я« Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Load Azide Tetryl		
		BoMeflc Metter, % TNT: (e>	13h	
		True! Test, % TNT:		
7S*C Intern etieeal fleet Test: % Loss in 48 Hrs				
		Plete Dent Test: Method		
10ГС fleet Test: % Lass, 1st 48 Hrs % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion in 100 Hrs		Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT		
		Р^М^М^мВ^ЯВ flWtu, Confinement		
Р1еаммЫЙу Index:			None CBbt 1.0 1.72 7^';	
Nygrescopiclty: %	Nil	Condition Charge Diameter, in. Density, gm/cc Rate, meters/second		
▼ VBSVHwye	Nil			
KI
АМСР 706-177
Cyclotol, 65/35
FragaraatoHee Test:		Shaped Charge EHecthreaetb TNT = 100:	
М к М, W1 Рм|мМв, 1м Density, gm/cc Chorge Wt, b	WC-*1: 1.71 2.253	GIom Canes Steel Cones (•) Hole Volume Hole Depth	1Э0	
For TNT For Subject HE 8 tach Nt, MOA1 riciccNh, Le Density, gm/cc Chorge Wt, b	703	G****	Yellow-buff	
	tKC-S: 1.71 0.922	Prleilpel Uses: Shaped charge taebo; especially fragmentation HE projectiles, grenades	
Tseei Ho. of Fragments: For TNT For Sublet HE	5U 769	Mollwtf W LmAsq s	Cast
		Leedtag Daaahyt gm/cc	1-71
Fragmeat VeheKy: ft/sac At 9 ft At 25% ft Density, gm/cc			
		Method	Dry
MratOtaMratoTHTh		Hoxord Class (Quantity-Oistonca)	Claes 9
Abt Peak Proieure Impute Energy		Compatibility Group Exudation	Group I
Alr.CeaNaadt Impute Under Water: Peak Pressure		Preparation: See Composition В Origin: Developed by the British :etveec World Wars I end II end standardized in the United States early in World War II. Eutectic Temperature, °C:	79	
impuw Energy Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Heat of:	» Combustion, cal/gm	2755 Explosion, cal/gm	1205 Ges Volume, cc/gm	8U5 * Calculated from composition of mixture.		gm REX/100 gm ПГГ 79°C	U.16 95°C	5.85 Absolute Viscosity, poises:* Temp, 85°C	30.2 90°C	26.0 * Composition using Spec Grade Type A, Cless A RDX.	
82
Cyclotol, 6o/bQ
AMCP 706-177
RDX	60 1ST	bO C/H Ratio	Molecular Weight:	22b
	Osygea 0*leas*: CO- %	.b3 CO %	10
	Deadly: gm/cc caet	1.68
	MoMsf PefaH eC
	to	a	B.l-» g^ FIWaMf rw» V
Imrm* SeadtMty, 2 Kg Wh Bureau of Mino* Apporotus, cm 75 Sample Wt 20 mg Picrtinny Arsenal Apporotus, in. lb Sampi* Wt, mg	19	~ ЬЛаДа 0^
	io io io
^Irietio^s ^^o^s^^o^tass ^f**tt Siad Shot	Unaffected Fiber Shot	Unaffected	Vacaaan StebMy Toot: cc/40 Hr», ot 90'C 100"С 120"C	0.29 135’C 150‘C
Ute Mht hapact Test; Trial* % Expiation*	5 Perticih	55 Burned	25 Unaffected	15	
	200 Gram leant lead Teth Sand, gm	5b. 6
ОарЫеа Twagereterii	"C Second*, 0.1 (no cop used) 1 5 Decavoeee 280 10 15 20	•	UL.1»— «_ lelhlaO^^r vMMvwwwy W IHtVW^RO* Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate	0.22» Load Azide	0.20» •Alternative inltlatlna charaee.
	OaNiaHc Mertar, % TNT: (a)	I.33
	Traazl Test, % TNT:
75'C leiereeHeael Hoot Teet: % Lott in 48 Hr*	
	Plato Doot Teat:	(b) Method	В Condition	Caet Confined	No Density, gm/cc	1 • 72 Brisonce, % TNT	132
100*C Hoot Teet: % Lou, 1st 48 Hr* % Lou, 2nd 48 Hr* Expiation in 100 Hr*	
	Botoaetiea Rote: Confinement	None Condition	Cast Charge Diameter, in.	1.0 Density, gm/cc	1.72 Rote, meters/second	7900
	
НудяесорМу: %	Nil	
VetetiOty:	Nil	
83
АМСР 706*177
Cyclotol, 60/U0
Frogaseatetioai Test:		СЬмм	TfetT vMMpWI WWwr^ KnVMirvMItf 1^1	*Wl
90 bmi HI, M71 PrafsaMe, Let	WC-91:	Glass Cones Steel Canes (e)
Density, gm/cc	1.65	Hate Volume 178	162
Charge Wt, k>	2.187	Hole Depth	125	1W
		Cebn	Yellow-buff
For TNT	703	
For Subject HE	998	
		Pits tip el Ueeet Shaped charge tomb;
3 Ы1 HI, M42A1 PmjactMa, Lat KC-S:		especially fragmentation HE projectiles, grenades
Density, gm/cc	1.67	
Charge Wt, №	0.882	
0	«^We "OVgOO^RUVe		Method of Laedteg:	Cast
For TNT	51A	
For Subject HE	701	
		Leadtag Density: gm/cc	1.68
FregaMat VebcKy: ft/sec	(c)	
At 9 ft	2965	
At 25 V> ft	2800	
Density, gm/cc	*>	
		Method	Dry
Most (Misties ie TNT):	(a)	Hozord Class (Qiantity-Distonce) Claes 9
Air.		Compatibility Group	Group I
Peak Pressure	101»	
Impulse	116	Exudation
Energy	••	
Air, CeeWaed;		Preparation; See Composition В
Impulse		Origin; Developed by the British between
		Worl? Wars I and II end standardized in
Under Water:		the United States early in World War IT.
Peak Pressure		
Impulse		Bulk Modulus st Room
Energy		Temperature (25°-30°C):
		Dynes/cra2 x 10'10	k.lk
Уй4мд*ошв^!		Density, gm/cc	1.72
Peak Pretture		
Impulse		Absolute Viscosity, poises;*
Energy		Temp, 85°C	12.3
iiest of:	«	90°C
Sanitation, caL/gm	2820	
Explosion, cal/gm	1195	* Compositions using Spec Crsde Type A,
Cat Volaxe, ec/gm	8l<5	Class A RDX.
Compress tve Strength: lb/i	nch2	
1.1*0 .-n'cc	5200-3000	
' Cole;.1эi.eci from eon-position of mlxtur-.-.
Cyclotol, 75/25, 70/30, 65/35
АМСР706-1П
2SSSS22SL15
(a)	!>. C. Smith and E. 0. Ryster, Ihyaioal Jesting of Explosives, Part Щ - Miecellaneoue
Sensitivity Testa; Performance Teets, 0€KD Report Mo. 57 Ab, 27 Dectaibar 1945.
(b)	D. P. McDougall, Methods of Physical Testing, OSRD Report Mo. 803, 11 August 1942.
(a) R. W. Drake, Fragment Velocity and Panel Penetration of Several Explosives in Simu-
lated Shells, OSRD Report Mo. 2 January i$4b.
(d)	V. Phlllpchuk, Free Air Bleat Evaluation of ЫЯ-ИТ-А1, ROC-UTT, and MT-Metal Sy stems,
Motional Northern teary Report, B-Kj4, Aprtl 19$6.	----------------------- ------
(e)	Eastern laboratory, du Pont, Investigation of cavity Effect. Section III, Variation of
Cavity Effect with Ccsexmltlon, HUtC Contract U-6lT2-ORl>-5723.
(f)	W. S. Cremer, Bulk Oomnressibillty Data on Several High Explosives, NAVORD Retx>rt No.
4300, 15 September 1956*
(g) Also see the following Picatinny Arsenal Technical Reports on Cyclotols:									
0	1	2	2	4	2	6	I	8	2
1290	1651	1482	1483	1824	1435	1476	1427	1396	1469
1530	1741		1793 19° 3	1834 1944 2004	1585	1756 1796 I876	1507 1747	1488 1838	1509 1709
(h)	C. Lenchjtz, W. Beach and R. Valicky, Enthalpy Changes, Heat of Fusion end Specific
Heat of Baaic Explosives, PATR No. 2504, January 1959-
TSs
ее footnote 1, page 10.
85
лмсртм-m
Cydotrlsmthylene TTlnltrooemlne
СетрееШоа:	H %	I2	Motecutar Weight: (CjHgN^Oj)	IjL
C 20.6	C - _	0-H-N_rZZX^ N-N—0 n	p	||	CO, %	-55 CO %	>28
x ад.з	н c_l Lch 2	2	Density: gm/cc
0 27.6	J	Making Mot: *C	105 to 107
C/H Ratio 0.12	J	PfMsfaf	*C
Impest IsseltM» 1 Kg Wh Bureau of Mino* Apparatus, cm Sample Wt 20 mg Pteotinny Arsenal Apparatus, in. 15 to 22 Sample Wt, mg	17 to 20	BeHing Feint: *C
	Refractive ladex, nb П» l£
Mctiea Poodniem Test: Steel Shoe	Unaffected Fiber Shoe	Unaffected	Vocnem StabMy Test:	(c) cc/40 Hrs, at 90’C	0.20 100‘C	9.19	3-71* •Average value of 5 8» people twice recrystal- lized from ieoenyl alcohol.
Rifle Mht Impost Test: Trials % Explosions Partials	
Burned | »	••	«- -S UnOrtWCTvo	200 6ram Bomb Sood Test: Send, gm	59-2 5h.l
Ixplssimi Temperature:	C Seconds, 0.1 (no cop used) 1 5	220 10 15	•VKIIVWIVy W IWWtmli Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate	0.200** Lead Azide	0.100** ♦•Al'Sffitftlve initiating charges.
20	Ballistic Mortar, % TNT:	130
	Treed Tost, % TNT:
75 *C letenratioeel Hoot Test: % Loss in 48 Hrs	
	Piets Doot Test: Method
100*C Hoot Test: % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs	8.79 % Loss, 2nd 4B Hrs	2.98 Explosion in 100 Hrs	None	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
	Dotonotion Rote:	'b) Confinement	None Condition	Cast Charge Diometer,	in.	1.2
FieemrebiOty lodes:	
Hygroscopicity: % 30°C, 90$ RH 0.02	
TWWrlltyr	Density, gm/cc	1.L2 Rote, meters/second	7000 to 7300
Mi
Cyclotrioethylene Trlnltrotiainlne
АМСР 706477
		J		fU« _ MNpW WyO	1П 1 —	100:
96 ana NL M71 Prajectih. 1st WC-91: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, b	Gloss Cone» Steel Cone* Hole Volume Hoh Depth	
Tetei He. ef Fragarants: For TNT For Subject HE 1 tach HL M42A1 hijidlh. Lar KC*S: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, b	Cohn	Yellow
	Prlailgsl the»: Ingredient of pm Jac tile filler	
Tefal No. ef Fragments: For TNT For Subject HE	Molted ef lesdfagt Pressed ar cut with added neltlng point depressant*	
	Loodhg Density: gm/cc	See below	
Fragmewt Vshsityt ft/sec At 9 ft At 25% ft Density, gm/cc		
	Method	Dry
Most (Metho tsTNT):	Hozord Closs (Qiorttity-Distance)	Class 9
Ate Peak Pressure Impute Energy	Compatibility Group Exudation	Group M Hone
Aiv Impute	Density at Ve-ious Pressures: lb/lnchg	ga/cc
Under Water: Prok Pressure Impute Energy Peek Pressure Impute Energy	2,k20 M30 9,650 Ik,500 24,200 33,800 42,500 Heat of; Combustion, cal/gm Explosion, cal/gm Formation, u'>i/gm	1.10 1.23 1-37 1.44 1-53 1.57 1.59 3158 8?6 -914
87
АМСР 706-177
Cyclotrinethylene Trinitrosanine
Preparation of Haxahydro-1,3.5-Trinitroso-s-triazin» qyclotrlwthylene Trinitrosanine;
(Reference a)
t?
«зав + ЯВ40Н ♦ mnoj	----->	°"~B	’'~K0
H2C -LJ-ch2
formaldehyde ammonlua	sodium	nitric	sulfuric
hydroxide	ultrate	acid acid	*|
SO
An aiMoniacal solution of an anine is prepared by adding aqueous fownldehyde to aciriua
hydroxide. Die rate of addition of formaldehyde is regulated to Maintain a solution tempera-
ture of 30° to 35°C.	'
Sodlua nltrits is dissolved in eater and the solution or slurry is then poured into the
previously prepared erine-aaaonia solution and totally dissolved by stirring. This solution
is chilled to below 0°C.
Into a nixed acid solution, previously prepared by dissolving concentrated nitric ecld
in wter and addir® concentrated sulfuric acid, all chilled to -<rC, there is added the cold
anlns-nltrite solution belov the surface of the acid Mixture. The addition is regulated to
take 20 to 30 ainutee.
The resulting foeay head of cyclotrimethylena trinitrosanine la allowed to fit over the
icy spent liquor for 1/2 hour and is then collected on a sintered glees funnel and waked to
neutrality, toe aci»t cyclotrinethylene trinitrosamino is reeoved from the funnel and air-
dried on filter paper. The dry crude product Belts at 106° to Ю7°С. Reerystallication from
isoamyl alcohol gives a pure compound melting at 105° to 107°C.
Origin:
Cyclotrinethylene trlnitrosanine wa discovered in 1888 aiaultaneoualy by Griess and
Barrow (Ber 21 (1888), p. 2737) and by Mayer (Ber 21 (1888), p. 2883) when sodlua nitrite
was allowed To react with hexamethylene tetramine Tn ecld solution. This compound was later
studied by Duden and Scharff (Ann 268 (1895), P- 218) and by De lupine who determined its heat
of formation, which was negative (Bull Soc chin (3) 15 (1896), p. 1199). Because cyclotri-
nethylene trinitrosanine could be made at first in v^ry poor yield only, it was a long time
before It received consideration for practical application as an explcelv». However, the
study of cyclotrinethylene trialtroeaadne was continued and investigations were made ea to
its behavior In mixtures with other substances (Prof. D. G. Romer "Report on Explosives,"
BI09GP 2-HBC 57^2).
Destruction by Chemical Decosgosltlon;
Cyclotrlmethylene trinitrosamlna is easily decomposed by acid cr alkali and even by
boiling in water.
88
QyclotrlMthylene Trlnitroeaadne
AMCP 706-177
High Ifcagereture Decomposition, 0.02 ga it. 10 <tl Teat Tube; (b)
Imnersed 10 minute» in bath heated »t 5°/minute
Teup. C	
(1) Melting begins	|	105
Decooposltlon begins	,	150
Xitrous gas	160
Entire decomposition	170
(2) Sose bubbles	no
Very slow decoaposltion	150
Decomposes in 2 minutes	200
Deco^oses in 40 seconds	250
Immediate decomposition	Э00
L04? №ra Stability:	(to)
Cyclotrlmethy'.ene Irlnitrosamine loosely packed in covered wooden boxes for six yeere at
ambient temperaUre and protected free the sun:
1.	Exploar e shoved no color change.
2.	Melting point decreased froa 104.5° to 104°C.
3.	Coefficient of "Utilisation Prectique" decreased froa 125-5 to 1’3-5-
4.	An "bel Tbat et 110°C gave no color to iodine starch paper In 15 minutes.
Fusion Tests, Mixtures of Cyclotrimethylene Trlnltroaamlne and TUT:	(b)
Cyclotri methylene Trlnitiosamine, >	Malting Point, C
10	74
20	68
30	62
40	55
42	55 (Eutectic)
50	61
60	69
70 95	77 95
Eutectic Composition With ЮТ:	(b)
42^ Cyclotriorthylene Trlnl troeamine
58< THT
Rate of Detonation, meters/second
7,000
89
АМСР 706-177	Суclotrimethvlenv - 1 nitrosamino
Reaction of Qyclotrinathylene Trial troaaaine With Other Materiels:	(b)
1. Iron pooler	Slight reaction
2. Copper powder	Slight reaction
3. Aluminum powder	Slight reaction
A. 2 parta picric add + 1 pert R-Salt	e. Violent decomposition after 2 hours at 10°C b. Violent deco^oeition after 10 to 15 minutes at 10C°C
5. 2 parts nltr^lycerln + 1 part R-Salt	Ro evidence of deco^oeltiot after 5 days at 90°C
1
Detonation I».te:	(b)
Coni' oeaent	Paper cartridge
C.edition	reseed
Charge Dlsmeter, In.	1.18
Rate, maters/second	Density, gm/cc
5180	0.85
5760	1.00
6600	1.20
7330	l.Uo
7600	1.50
7800	1.57
References:lt
(a)	Arthur D. Little, Inc. Progress Report No. 106, Fundamental Development of High Explo-
sives, April 1955, Contract Ho. DAI-19-O2O-5Ol-ORD<P)-33.
(b)	Louie Me'dard and Meurice Du tour, "Etude Dee Prcprietes De La Cj do tri methylene
Trinltroaamine," ИЙа poudr, 37, 192^ (195M-
(с)	H. A. Bronner and J. V. R. Kaufman, "Synthesis and Properties of R-Salt," PATR in
preparation 1959-
(d)	Also see the following Pica tinny Arsenal Technical Reports on Cyclotri, ethylene
Trinitrosamlne: 1171*, 2179*
l^See footnote 1, puge 10.
ПВХ (Depth ВовЬ Kxplojive)
АМСР 706-177
*Т-ГТ-“Т-« Aeonlua Bitrate	21 ШЖ	21 ПТ	iiO Alusdnun	18 C/H Rotio	Molecular Weigh*:	83 Oxygon Balance: CO, %	-46 CO %	-26	-
	Density: gm/cc	Coot	1.68
	Making Patot: *C
	»
impact SeaoRMfy, 2 Kg Wt: Bureau of Mino* Apparatus, cm 35 Sample Wt 20 mg Pleotinny Arsenal Apparatus, in. 13 Sample Wt, mg	14	ВеШпд Mat: "C Refrectiro lode*, ng ng ng
WI^^Ww^NBO в w* Stool Shoo Fiber Shoe	hJ	_o-*oe^ Tto^e ▼ VC^^BBBB	e	e cc/40 Hrs, at 90"C 100’C 120‘C	6.15 135‘C 150‘C
ШЯе Вове* Impact Tost: Trials % Explosions Portia Is Burned Unaffected	
	200 Gram Bomb Sand Test: Sand, gm	58.5
Eoptootoe Temperature:	C Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) 1 5 Ignite*	U00 10 IS 20	S<insitMty to Initiation: Minimum Detonating Charge, grr Mercury Fulminate Load Azide	0.20 Tetryl	0.10
	Ballistic Mortar, % TNT: (e)	146
	Ttosad Test, % TNT:
75*C Internotioael Hoot Tost: % Los* In 48 Hrs	
	Plato Dent Test:	(b) Method	В Condition	(Met Confined	No Density, gm/cc	l.?6 Brisance, % TNT	102
100‘C Hoot Tart: % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion in 100 Hrs	
	DeteMfoft Reto:	(c) Confinement	None Condition	Ceet Charge Diameter,	in.	1.6 Density, gm/cc	1-65 Rate, meters/second	6600
НмммЫМу ledex:	
Hygroscopicity: %	
VoIrtiNty:	
91
лмср тм-m
EBX (Depth Scab Explosive)
^^ееефде Jeenftfeft^^ —_*«^»— w<jnQn?Qri Tetryl, gm Wax, in. for 50% Detonation Wax, gm	<•> (Met 100 1-35	Oxygen, atoms/soc (Z/sec) Heat, kilocalorie/mole (AH, kcol/mol) Temperature Range, °C
Density, gm/cc	1.76	Phase
Neat eft Combustion, col/gm	(d)	Armor Pteta Impact Test:
Explosion, col/gm Got Volume, cc/gm	1700	M пип Mortar Projectile: 50% Inert, Velocity, ft/sec
Formation, col/gm		Aluminum Fineness
Fusion, col/gm		SOO-» Senerwi Purpose Bombs:
Specific Heat: col/gm/ -5°C, density 1.75 gn/cc	(d) 0.25	Piote Thickness, inches
		1 14
		IH
		Ha
Burning Rote: cm/soc		
		Bomb Drop Test:
cal/sec/cm/*C Density 1.75 gm/cc	13-2 x 10A	T7, 2000-» Semi Armor Piercing Bomb м Concrete:
Coefficient of Fcpanalea: Linear, %/«C -73°-75°C	lt.5 x 10'	Max Safe Drop, ft SOO-» Qonerel Pwpeoe Bomb м Concrete:
Volume. %/'C		Height ft Trials Unaffected
Hardness, Mobs' Scale:		
h^edofaS* E', dynes/cm”	(d) ЮЛ X 1010	Lew Order High Order
E, fo/lnch* Density, gm/cc	1.51 x 10° 1.72	10004 Clonorul Purpeee Bomb м Concrete: Haight, ft Trials
Compnooire Strength: ib/inch’ (а)	3210-3380	
Density 1.78 gm/cc		Unaffected
Vapor Preaeure: "C	mm Mercury		Low Order High Order
		
92
UPC (Dtpth Bomb Explosive)
AMCP 706-177
^FegoMmleiiea TmI: Mm Hl МЛ PseJeeMa, U* WC-»1: Density, gm/cc Chorge Wt, lb ВWww V4V*	vv^^pHVWW*» For TNT For Subject HE 3 lash HL M43A1 Pnjoctifs, let KC-5: Density, gm/cc Chorge Wt, lb Total Na. ef Ftegmeats: For TNT For Subject HE	Shaped Charge IHecthreaom, TNT ~ 100: Gloss Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Cater:	Gray
	Principal Usee:	Depth charge
	Method ef leading;	Cast
	Landing Density: gm/cc	1.61-1.69
Frogmeat Velocity: ft/iec AtVft At2$Kft Density, gm/cc	
	Method	Dr^ Hazard Class (Quanti*y-Distanee)	Class	9 Compatibility Group	Group	I Exudation
Meet IRehtho to TNT):	(d) Ain Peak Pressure	116 Impulse	127 bier jy	138 Air, Cea Kami: Impulse Under Water: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	136 Uadergroaad: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	
	Preparation: DBX can be manufactured by slovly adding water-vet RDX to molten TUT melted in a steam- jacketed kettle equipped with a stirrer. When all the water has evaporated, ammonium nitrate is added and with heating end stirring con- tinued, grained aluminum is added, fte mix- ture is cooled with stirring continued to maintain uniformity and when suitable for pour- ing the mixture is cast. DBX can also be made by adding 21$ ammonium nitrate and 18$ alumi- num to 1*2$ cyclotol or Composition В of J0/>0 FDX/UiT content plus 19$ of TNT previously melted st about 100°C.
93
АМСР 706-177
ИХ (Depth Bomb Eg>lo«lve)
Origin:
ИХ пае developed and ured by the United State» and Great Britain during World Whr II.
Reference»:17
(a)	L. C. Smith and E. G. filter, Physical Testing of Explosive», Part HI - Miscellaneous
Sensitivity Teata; Performnce Teat», 0®D Report No.57Ab, 2? December 1945^
(b)	D. P. MacDougall, Kathode of Phyilcal Teatlng, OSRD Report No. 803, 11 August 1942.
(c)	G. H. Msaaerly, The Rate of Detonation of Varloui Exploiive Compound», OSRD Report No.
1219, 22 February 1943.
M. D. Hundt», The Bate of Detonation of Various Coupounda and Mixture», OSRD Report
No. 5611, 15 January 1355!-----------------------------------------------------
(d)	Philip C. Keenan and Dorothy Pipea, T»ble of Military High Exploaivea, Second Reviaion,
NAVORD Report No. 87-46, 26 July 1946.
(e)	L. C. Stadth and S. R. Whiten, A Oonaideratlon of RUX/WAx Mixture» aw a Subatitute for
Tetryl in Booatera, NOL Meno 10,303, 15 June 1949.
(f)	Also see the follaving Plcatlnny Arsenal Technical Reports on DBX: 1585 and 1635.
l7S»e footnote I, page 10.
94
1,3-01X8100-2,1*,6-Trinitrobensene (DMHB)
AMCP 706-177
*	ин С 29.6	l" ON H 2.1	'i |		Melectdor Weight: (CfcHjNjOg)	21*3
	- N02	Oxygen Beienee: CO, % CO %	
И 26.8	ПТ	~ NH2	Density: gm/cc	Crystal	1.83
И0_ 0 39-5	2		Melting Feint: *C	(a)	290
C/H Ratio 0.38o		Preening Feint: *C	
hugest SeMiHrity, 2 Kg Wt: Bureau of Minn Apparatus, cm Sample Wt 20 mg Pkatinny Arsenol Apparatus, In. Sample Wt, mg		BoWng Paint: *C	
	18 9	Refractive Index, n£ n£ nb	
Steel Shoe Fiber Shoe		Vecuum Stability Test: cc/40 Hrs, ot 90'C 100’C 120*C	
Rifle Buflst hnpoct Teet: Trials			
% Explosions Partials		135’C 150’C	
Burned Unaffected		200 Grant Bomb Send Test: Sand, gm	46.6
Expheiea Temperature:	*C Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used)		pBWRlTWy eV ВШеЮТЮТОе Minimum Detonating Chorge, gm	
1 5		Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide	0.20
10 15		Tetryl	0.10
20		Ballistic Mortar, % TNT:	100
		Treezl Test, % TNT:	
78’C latoraofleeel fleet Test: % Loss In 48 Hrs			
		Plate Dent Test: Method	
IM'C fleet Test: % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion in 100 Hrs	0.00 0.L None	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisonce, % TNT	
		Detonation Rato: Confinement	
НмммЫНГу Index:			None Pressed 0.5 1.35 7500
		Condition Charge Diameter, in. Density, gm/cc Rate, meters/socond	
Hygroscopicity: %			
Volatility:			
95
AMCP 796-177
1 3-Diamlno-2,li,6-Tri;.ttrobenzene (DMWB)
 i^MWrWWH 9 VW* M ем Hl МП Projectile, Let WC-91: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb Total He. «1 Fragments: For TNT For Subject HE 3 inch HI, M42A1 Projectile, Lot KC-S: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb Total No. of Fregareata: For TNT For Subject HE	iheped Charge IHectiveaoM, TNT = IM: Gloss Cone* Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Colen	Yellow
	Principal Uses:
	Method of Loading:	Pressed
	Loading Density: gm/cc At 50,000 pel	1.65
Fragment Velocity: ft/sec At 9 ft At 25'/г ft Density, gm/cc	
	(Аша**, MWrVJWr Method	Dry Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance) Compatibility Group Exudation	None
float (Motive to TNT): Ain Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Air, Coafiaod: Impulse Under Weter: Peek Pressure Impulse Energy Underground: Peok Pressure Impulse Energy	
	Cook-Off Temperature: °C	320 Time, minutes	8 Heat of: Explosion, cal/gm	2876
АМСР 706-177
l,3-Diamlno-2,4,6-Trlnltrobenzene (РАТКИ)
Preparation;
Fifty grams (50 go) of dry styphnic ecld was added to 200 gm of anhydrous pyridine with
stirring. Иге resultinr slurry was stirred for an additional 30 minutes. The yellow product,
dlpyridinlum styphnate, was collected by filtration and washed with approximate 100 milli-
liters of diethyl ether. Hie product was dried over phosphorus (v) oxide, at room tempera-
ture, for 5 hours. Yield of 77 gm (94^), melting point 168° to J.TO°C (literature malting
point 173 C).
To 50 milliliters of phosphorus oxytrichloride, 29-8 gm of the dlpyridinlum styphnate were
added iu small portions, with stirring. The reaction mixture was then warmed on a steam bath
for 15 minutes. This solution was quenched in 500 gm of ice water. Ihe light yellow precipi-
tate vas separated by filtration and washed with water until the washing was neutral to lit-
mus- Yield of 1, 3-dlchloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene 20.4 gm (98$). MP 130° to 131°C (literature
MP 126°c).
A suspension of 3 gm of l,3-dichloro-2,4;6-trinitrobenzene in 9 milliliters of absolute
methanol was prepared. This slurry was cooled to 0°C, and dry ammonia was bubbled into the
stirred suspension. After 20 minutes the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room tem-
perature, filtered by suction and washed wi 'h methanol and ether until a negative Beilstein
test for chloride ion was obtained or. the washings. Yield of 1,3-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene
2.5 gm (77%)» MP 288° to 290°C (literature MP 285°C).
Origin;
DAUfB, also called 2,4,6-trinitro-l,3-diamj.no7benzol or 2,4,6-trinitro-phenylenediamine-
(1,3), was first obtained by Noelting and Collin in 1884 (Ber 17, 260) and also by Barr in
1888 (Ber 21, 1546) from 2,4,6-trinltrorasorcin dimethylether Tn contact with snmonlacel
alcohol for"several days. J. J. Blanksma obtained the same pro.iuct in 1902 by reacting
either 2-chloro-2,4,6-trlnitroanlsole or 3-chloro-2,4,6-trinltrophenetol with ammoniacal
alcohol (Rec trav chim 21, 324) and from 2,4,6-trinitroresorcln inethylethyl ether with emtno-
nlacal alcohol (Bee trav chim 27, 56 (1908)).
Melsenheimer and Patzig in 1906 prepared DAHIB in the form of yellow needles, MP 280°C
from 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene ydroxylamlne and sodium methylste in methyl alcohol (Ber 39, 254o).
The product was slightly soluble in glacial acetic acid but poorly soluble in other solvents.
It decomposed into NHo and 2,4,6-trinitroresorcln when boiled with dilute NaOH or KOH (Beil 13,
60).	3
Korner and Contardi prepared DAINB by the reaction of either 2,4-dlchloro-l,3,5-trlnltro-
benzene or 2,4-dlbromo-l,3,5-trinitrobenzene with annoniacal alcohol st room temperature or
better by heating to 100°C (Atti R. Accad Lincel (5), 171, 473 (1908)); (5) 18 I, 101 (1909)).
A method of preparation by prolonged reaction of N-nltro-N-methyl-2,3,4,6-tetranitroanillne
with a saturated aanonls solution was reported In 1913 by van Romburgh and Scheers (Akad
Amsterdam Versl 22, 297).
C. F- Van Ulin obtained DAHIB melting at 301°C by reacting a concentrated aqueous aramonis
solution with N-nltro-N,N,N-trimethyl-2,4,6-trlnltrophenylenedlamine-(l, 3) or with N-nltro-
N-ir.ethyl-N-phenyl-2,4,6-trlnitrophenylenediamine-(l,3) (Rec trav chim 38, 89-IOO (1919)).
later Van luin and Van Lenr.ep reacted concentrated aqueous ammonia with 2,4,6-trinltro-3-
aminoenisole or 2,4,6-trinitro-3-aminophenetol to obtain DATK3 melting at 237° to 288°C (Rec
truv chim 39, 147-77 (1920)). In 1927 Lorang prepared the same compound by boiling 2,4,6-
tri-itro-1,3”bls ( -nitroethyl ureldo) benzene with water or by heating it with ammoniacal
alcohol in a tube at 100°C (Rec trav chim 46, 619) (Bell 1 17, 7 II 33).
АМСР7М4П
1.3-Djaaino-2.t,6-Srinitrobenaeoe (РМЯВ)
A recent report deacrtbee toe preparation of DfcBlB in two atepa froa ccamrcially avail-
able etartinc an tart ala. Hret e-uitroanillne we nitrated vith ДОО^-ПОе acid Mixture to
tetranitroaniline. She crude tetranitroaniline we converted by netbandlc awonla to
diaatnotrinltro-benxene in a high degree of purity. A converaion of 100 parte of a-nitroani-
line into 110 parte of 0АТП wa obtained by thia Method, which can eaaily be carried out on
a cauaarcial acala.
98
Diazodinitrophenol
АМСР706-1П
fl	ft!	Mofocolor Weight: (C^H^tOj)	210
*	I	• C 3^.3	[	5 H 0.9	Г > or. r I	CO, %	.61 CO %	-15
	Density: gm/cc Crystal	1.63
0 38.1	°	Melting Feint: *C	157
C/H Ratio 1.056	Freexing Point: *C
hnpnct SsaskMty, 1 Kg Wt: Bureau of Mines Apparatus, cm Sample Wt 20 mg Pkatirmy Arsenal Apparatus, in. 4; (1 lb vt) 7 Sample Wt, mg	15	Boiling Point: *C
	RwttWWtVw BW^^VMp nft nft
Friction PendahMi Teet: Steel Shoe	Detonates Fiber Shoe	Detonates	Уосшик SMbMty Test: cc/40 Hrs, ot 90‘C 100’C	7-6 120‘C I35’C ISO’C
Rifle • let Impoct Teet: Trials % Explosions Partials	
Burned Unaffected	МО Cron» Booth Sood Test: ЙйЛклМег fuse	l»5.i
Expheien Teamperetere:	‘C Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) 1	200 5	195 10	180 |C	Minimum Detonating Chorge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lecd Azide	0.20 Tetryl	0.10
20	BeNieHc Moetar, % TNT: (a)	97
	Trend Teat, % TNT:
75‘C IntotnoHenel Meet Test: % Loss in 48 Hrs	
	Piste Dent Toot: Method
100’C Hoot Test: % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs	2-10 % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs	2.20 Explosion in 100 Hrs	None	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
	Detonation Rate: Confinement
ЛееммЫКу Index:	
Hygroscopicity: % 30°C, 90< RH 0.04	Chorge Diameter, in. Density, gm/cc	0.9	1.5	1.6 Rote, meters/second	^L00	6600	6900
VoMRty: 50°C, 30 months	Unaffected	
•Until it ii established which picramic acid (melting point 169°C) isomer is involved (Ref: J
Chem Soc, 2082, August 19^*9).	~
99
AMCP' 6-177
Diazodini trophenol
90 чиа HE, M7I Projectile, Lot WC-91: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb Total Na. of Fragments: For TNT For Subject HE 3 tach HE, M42A1 Projectile, Lot KC-5: Density, gm/cc Chorga Wt, lb Tata, No. of Fragments: For TNT For Subject HE	Shaped Charge IffocthreaeM, TNT = 100: Glass Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume	' Hole Depth
	Color:	Yellow needles
	Principal Usee:	Percussion caps
	Method of Leading;	Pressed
	Loading Oeaafty: gm/cc Apparent	0.27 At 3000 psi	1.14
Fragment Vetocity: ft/sec At 9 ft At 254 ft Density, gm/cc	
	Storage: Method	Under	water Hazard Class (Quontity-Dislanco)	Class	9 Compatibility Group Exudation	None
Maat dtototive teTNT): Air Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Air, Caaftaod: Impulse Under Water: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Uadergrooad: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	
	Solubility: Soluble in nitroglycerin, nitrobenzene, aniline, pyridine, concentrated hydrochloric acid, and in most common organic solvents. Hea - of; Combustion, cel/gm	3243 Explosion, cal/gm	820 Gas Volume, cc/gm	86^ Sensitivity to Electrostatic Discharge, Joules;	(fc) 0.012
100
АМСР 706-177
Dlazodinltro) ;ol
Solubility: gm/100 aj of the follaving substKices; (c)
.Solubility at 50°C
Solvent
Ethyl acetate
Methanol
Ethanol
Ethylenedichloride
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Benzene
Toluene
Petroli us ether
Ethyl ether
Carbon dliulfll
1
2.45
1-25
2.1*3
0.79
trace
0.11
0.23
0.15
Insoluble (at 20°C)
0.08 (30°C)
trace (30°C)
Preparation: (Chemistry 01* Powder and Explos.veB, Davie)
Ten gm >f picramic acid is sr^pendeG in 120 cc of % hydrochloric acid, and under efficient
agitation at about 0°C. 3-6 gm eodi л nitrite in 10 cc water ie dumped into the suspension.
Stirring is continued for 20 minutes, the product filtered off rnd washed thoroughly with ice
water. Ihe dark brown product, if dissolved in acetone and precipitated in water, turns bril-
liant yellow.
Origin:
Discovered by Griess in 1858 (Annalen 106, 123; 113, 205 (18o0) and studied extensively by
L. V. Clark (ind Eng diem 25, 6cj <19339- lieveloped for commercial use In 1928. Ibis com-
pound was patented in the (mited States by Professor William M. Dene.
Destruction by Chemical Decomposition:
Dlazodinitrophenol is decomposed ... adding the water-wet material to 100 times its weight
of 10$ eodi m hydroxide. Nitrogen gas la evolved.
Reference; 18
(a)	F.illip C. Keenan and Dorothy '’1--B. Table of Military High Explosives, Second Revision,
WORD Report No. 87-46, 26 Jul;- 1946.
(b)	F. W. „row.., D. K. Kusler and Г. C. Gibson, Sensitivity of Explosives to Initiation by
footnote page 10.
101
AMCP 706-177
Diazodlni trophenol
Electrostatic Discharges, U. S. Dept of Int, Bureau of Minas, RI 3852, 1946.
(c)	L. V. Clark, "Diaxodinlt'-ophenol, A Detonating ESrloslve," Ind Eng Chen 25, 663
(1933).
Seidell, Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds, Van Nostmnd and Co., Я. Y.
(d)	Also see the following Picatinny Arsenal Technical Reports on Diazodinltrophenol:
0	2	4	2	7	8	2
150	1352	3b	355	8i7	318	2179
610		214			1830	
2120						
102
Diethylene Glycol Dinitrate (DBGN) Liquid
AMCP 7<* 177
% c	2U.5	H2C	0N02 h	u.i	нс,— J>	0 N	1U.3	H,C				Molecular Weight: (C^HgN^)	196
		Oxygen Beieace: CO, % CO %	-41 - 8
		Density- gm/cc	Liquid	1-30
0	57-1	H2C 	ono2 C/H Ratio 0.11*3		Melting Paint: *C	2
		Freezing Paint: 'C	
Impact SeooitivM,, 2 Kg Wt: Bureau of Minn Apparatus, cm 100+ Sample Wt 20 mg Picatinny Arsenal Apparatus, in.	9 Sample Wt, mg		ВЫНяу Feiirt: *C Бесошроеев	160
		f.efmctive Index, n» Пш n£>	I.U98
Friction Peedohan Test: Steel Shoe	Explodes Fiber Shoe		Vacuum Stability Tost: cc/40 Hrs, ot 90’C 100’C I2O°C I35’C 150°C	0.3cc/20 hr/gni
Rifle Ballot Impact Test: Trials % Explosions Pa't’ols			
Burned Unaffected		200 Gram Bomb Sand Test: Sand, gm	42.2
Ixpleeien Tomporefam:	*C Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) 1 5	237 10 15		Sensitivity to Initiation: Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide Tetryl	
20		Be'listic Mortar, % TNT:	90
		Trauzl Test, % TNT:	77
7S*C Interactional fleet Test: % Loss in 48 Hrs			
		Plate Dent Te.rt: Method	
100’C fleet Test: % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs	L.O % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs	3.0 Explosion in 100 Hrs	None		Condition Cor ned Den^.ty, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT	
		DeteneHoa Rate: Confinement Condition Charge Diameter, in.	
FlemmebiHty Index:			
Hygroscopicity: %			i.y, 6760
VeletiHty: 60°C; mg/cm2/hr 19?		Density, gm/cc Rote, meters/second	
kk:
АМСР 706-177
Methylene Glycol Dlnltrete (DEGN) Liquid
Booster Sensitivity Test:
Condition
Tetryl, gm
Wax, in. for 50% Detonation
Wax, gm
Density, gm/cc
Decompositicfi Igooffon:
Oxygen, atoms/sec
(Z/sec)
Heat, kilocolorie/moie
UH, kcal/mol)
Temperature Range, °C
Phase
Meal of:
Combustion, cal/gm	2792
Explosion, cal/gm	841
Gas Volume, cc/gm	796
Formcrion, cal/gm	2020
Fusion, cal/gm
Specific Heat: col/gn.. C
Armor Plate Impact Tost:
60 mm Mortar Projectile:
50% Inert, Velocity, ft/sec
Aluminum Fineness
500-fo Gaaoral Purpose Bomba:
Plate Thickness, inches
1
1’4
I’.i
l\
Bunsing Bate:
cm/sec
Thorsnol Conductivity:
col/sec/cm/°C
Coefficient of Expansion:
linear, %/'C
Volume, %/‘C
Hardness, Mohs' Scale:
Young's Modulus:
E', dynes/cm2
E, lb'inch2
Density, gm/cc
Compressive Strength: lb/mch-
Vepor Pressure:
C	mm Mercury
20	0.003’
•л	0.130
Bomb Drop Tost:
T7, 2000-lb Stmi-Armor-t forcing Bomb vs Concrete:
Max Safe Drop, ft
500-lb General Purpoct Bomb vs Concrete:
Height, ft
TrK
Unofrs.red
Low Order
High Order
1000-lb General Purpose Bomb vs Concrete:
Height, fr
Trials
Unaffected
Low Order
High Order
KM
Methylene Glycol Dlnltrate (PBGN) Liquid
AMCP 706-177
WmiHI. M71 Projectile, Let WC-91: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb Totol He. ef Fregaisnti; For TNT For Subject HE 3 tech HI. M42A1 Projectile, Lot KC-S: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb Tefal He. ef Fragments: For TNT For Subject HE	Shaped Charge ЕНесНееме*, TNT z. 100: Gluis Com: Steel Cones Hole Vc 'jme Hole Depth
	Cohc	Colorless
	PriBcip*! Utm:	Propellant :ompositlons
	Method of Loading:
	Landing Density: gm/cc
Frogaianf Velocity: ft/sec At 9 ft At 25 Vi ft Density, gm/cc	
	Storage: Method	Liquid Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance)	Class 9 Compatibility Group Exudation
Blest (Relative to TNT): Ain Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Air, Confieod: Impulse Under Water: Peck Pressure Impulse Energy Underground: Peck Pressure Impulse Energy	
	Preparation: D2GN can be prepared with approxl- netely 55$ yield by eddlng diethyleneglycol to mixed acid (50$ ИН%' 45$ HgSO^, and 5$ HgO). The temperature "'is kept at 30°C or lower. The separated LEON is purified Ъ, washing with successive portions of water, dilute sodium carbonate solution and water until neutral. Hydrolysis. $ Acid; 10 days at 22UC	0.003 5 days at oO°C	0.003 Solubility In Water, gm/100 ym, »l:
	25UC	'	d.4o 60°C	0.60 Solubility, em/100 gm, at 2>°C, 1:.:
Viscosity, centipoises; Temp, 20°C	d.l	
	Ether	?0 Alcohol	00 2:1 Ether:Alcohol	00 Acetone	00
АМСР 706-177
Di ethylene Glycol Dinitrate (Ю) Liquid
Origin:
Flrat prepared and studied by Wn. H. Rlnkenbach in 1927 (Ind Eng Chen 19 > 925 (1927) end
later by Rlnkenbach and H. A. Aeronson (Ind Eng Chen 23, 160 (1931)) both of Picatinny Arsenal.
Tsed in propellant coapoaitiona by the Gemane durlngworld War II.
leitruotioc by Chemical Deconpoaition:
ШШ la decoapoaed by adding it slowly to 10 tinea its weight of 18$ aodiun sulfide
(BegS'SdigO). Seat la liberated by this reaction but thia ie not haza? ’ous if stirring la
aa Intel nod during the addition of ШЯ and continued until solution la complete.
References:19
,5ee the following Pi за tinny Arsenal Technical Reports on DEGN:
0	1	2	2	4	6	I	2
50	231	72	673	1*94	346	487	279
180	551	602	1443	1624	1516	1427	579
620	1391	1262			1616	1487	1439
1490	1421	1392			1786	1817	
1990							
та--------
See footnote 1, page 10.
106
BiB(2,2-Dinltropropyl) Fuaarate (IHPF)
AMCP 706-177
% C 31-6 aiCO2CH2c(NO2)2CH3 К	11*.7	CHC02CH2C(N02)2CH3 0 50.5 C/H Rotio	Molecular Weight: (с10Н1г\с12)	^0
	Oxygee Balance: CO. %	-59 CO %	-17
	Density: gm/cc	Crystal 1.60
	Paint: °C Form^	jg
	Framing Point: *C
Inspect SoneMvity, 2 Kg Wt: Bureau of Mines Apparatus, cm	100* Sample Wt 20 mg Pleotinny Arsenal Apparatus, in.	18 Sample Wt, mg	18	Bolling Point: °C
	RHrecCWe 1в4«ж, nJ Пи
Fifctioa Pondulmn Test: Steel Shoe	Unaffected Fiber Shoe	Unaffected	Vacuum Stability Test: cc/40 Hrs, ot 90°C	—- iDO’C	0.66 120°C 135’C	0.91 150*C
title Belief Inspect Test: Triols % Explosions Portiols ।	Burned '	Unaffected	
	200 Gram Bomb Sand Test: Sand, gm
Baploeion Temperature:	°C Seconds, 0.1 (na cop used) — 1 1* Snokee	250 10 15 20 7S C Intematioaol Meet Test: % Loss in 48 Hrs	Sensitivity to Initiation: Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide Tetryl
	Ballistic Matter, % TNT:
	Trouzl Test, % TNT:
	Pinto Dent Tost: Method Condition Confined Density, gm, cc Brisance, % TNT
l00*C Heat Test: % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs % Lass, 2nd 48 Hrs Ertplosion m 100 Hrs	
	DotcnnHen Rate: Confinement Condition Charge Diometer, in. Density, gm/cc	1.1*9 ate, meters/second	/OJO
Flemmability lodes:	
Hygraocepicity: %	
Volatility:	
Ш7
СР 706-177
В1в(£,£-Р1пКгоргору1) Fumarate (DNPF)
Frogmentation Teet:	Shaped Charge EffectivenoM, TNT = 100:	
M mm HE, МП PrejocHlo, Lot WC-01:	Glass Cones Steel Cones	
Density, gm/cc	Hole Volume	
Charge Wt, lb	Hole Depth	
Total No. of Frogmonte: For TNT For Subject HE	Color:	White
	Principal Ums:	
3 loch HE, M42A1 Projectile, Lot KC-3:		
Density, gm/cc Charge V/t, lb		
Total Ne. of Fragments: For TNT Far Subject HE	Method of Loading:	Cast
	Loading Density: gm/cc	1.90
Frogmeet Velocity: ft/sec At 9 ft At 25V4 К		
	<n -	T 0VVvV|V'	
Deni'ty, gm/cc	Method	Dry
Bknt I Relative to TNT):	Hazard Clots (Quantity-Distance)	
A.r:	Compatibility Grc p	
Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	Exudation	Hone
Air, Confined: Impulse Under Water: Peak Pressure	Heat of: Combustion, cal/gm Detonation, cel/gm Viscosity, poises:	3070 (calculated) 7»7 (calculated)
Impulse Energy	& .etnp, 'Xj.90C iOC.5 C	0.5-*. O.U39
Undorgreend: Peak Pressure Impulse	Liquid Density, gm/cc:	
	Гегар, •Xi.9°C 10*',. ‘j°c	1. У.2 1 • 379
Energy	Or is 1	
	ri'.hee i zea ir. 199? 1? !•!.	E. ill 11 *f
	U, iisva! 6rdnei.ce labors'.ot	. WhI it- Oek.
	.’ter, Intid.	
Kin
Bis(2,2-Dlnltropropyl) Fumarate (DNPF)
AMCP 706-177
Preparation;
(a, b)
hc-coci	hc-co2ch2c(no2)2ch3
||	+ гоцсС'ЮрксНрОН aici, |
HC-COCI	-------HC-C02CH2C(N02)2CH3
3.3 mol	7.3 mol	1.6 mol	33$ yield
fumaryl chloride 2,2-dlnitropropanol aluminum bis(dinltropropyl] fumarate
chloride
Di nitropropanol was nixed with chloroform (1320 milliliters) and the mixture heated to
boil'.ng. Ihe distillate was collected in a water separator. At first the distillate was
cloudy and this was dried with calcium chloride before being returned to the system. When
no more water was collected in the water separator, the mixture was cooled to room tempera-
ture and the separator removed. Fumaryl chloride was introduced, followed by the aluminum
chloride which was added in four equal portions. Air was blown into the flask for a minute
to effect mixing, and the reaction sustained itself without the addition of heat for one hour.
Steam was gradually introduced so that the reflux temperature was reached 2-1/2 hours after
the beginning of the reaction. After 3 hours of reflux, the hot liquid was poured into a
bucket. As cooling took place the slurry was vigo .sly agitated until It finally set up at
room temperature. This material was broken up and mixed with dllu'e ice cold 1IC1. The solid
product was collected on a sintered funnel, washed with water and irith he*auc. The crude
material was recrystallized from methanol to give a product melting at d6°C (urcorrected),
but after storage for several days the melt'ng point was 89°C.
References;20
(e)	M. E. Hill. Preparation and Properties of 2,2-Dinltropropam 1 Esteys, NAVCRD Report
No. 21?7, 3 July 1951th
(b)	D. L. Kouba and H. D. McNeil, Jr., Hercules Report on High Explosives, '-vy Contract
NOrd-11230, Task A, 26 May 1951*-
109
Bla(2,2-Dinitropropyl) Succinate (Ot?S)
АМСР 706-177
fimptaltltn. C 31.1* H 3-7 0	50.2	CH2C02CH2C(N02)2CH3 C/H Ratio 0.250	Meiecoler Weight: (C^.i^N^O^)	332
	Oxygen Balaace: co, %	-63 CO %	-21
	Density: gm/cc	Crystal	1.51
	MeMng Point: *C	86
	Framing Point: *C
fmpsrt SeosMvity, 1 Kg Wt: Bureau of Mine» Apparatus cm Sample Wt 20 mg Pleotinny Arsenal Apparatus, in. Sample Wt, mg	Bailing Point: *C
	Refractive Index, nJ Пи nb
FVWVWOB vWWO^WO I VMv3 Steel Shoe Fiber Shoe	K*		 СЛа^ИХДпо Ta^r YKVv*	ЮТ» cc/40 Hrs, at 90-C	—— ,00’C	0.10 120‘C 135*C 150*C
Rifle BaHot ''npoct Test: Trial» % Explosion* Partial» Burned Unaffected	
	200 Orem Bamh Seed Test; Sand, gm
Ixptaien Temperature:	*C Seconds, 0.1 (no cap mod) — 1 5	>l»00 10 15 20	SoesitMty to InMetioa: Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide Tetryl
	Ballistic Metter, % TNT:
	Trenxl Teat, % TNT:
7S’C InterneHonol Hoot Test: % Lots in 48 Hrs	
	Plato Dent Test: Method Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
100‘C Heet Test: % Lots, 1st 48 Hrs % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion in 100 Hrs	
	Confinement Condition Charge Diameter, in. Density, gm/cc Rate, metors/second
Memmebillty lades:	
Hygroscopicity: %	
VolaHBty:	
110
Bis(S,S-Dinltropropyl) Succinate (IMPS)
AMCP 706-177
Fragmentation Test: M м KI, M71 Projectile, Let WC-P1: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb For TNT For Subject HE 1 inch HI, M42A1 Pmjirtih, Let KC-S: Density, gm/cc Chorge Wt, № ЬЛ*	la^Maaatai For TNT For Subject HE	Sbeped Charge IHocihraaees, TNT = IBOt Glass Cones StMl Cones Hole Volume Hol* Depth
	Calar:	White
	Priaeipd Uses:
	Method ef leering:	Cast
	Laoriag OeaeBy: gm/cc
Frogamet Velsrilyt ft/ioc At 9 ft At 23% ft Density, gm/cc	
	Storage: Method	Ery Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance) Compatibility Group Exudation	None
Im* (Bcietiee Ю TNT): Ain Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Air, Canfiaad: Impulse Under Water: Psok Pressure Impulse Energy UaBevgeeooBt Peek Pressure Impulse Energy	
	Origin: Synthesized in 1953 by M. E. Hill of the U.S. Naval Ordnance laboratory, White Oak, Maryland.
111
AMCP 706-177
В1й(2,2-И.п1 tropropyl) Succinate (DNPS)
Preparation:
гсНзССк^гСЯг0*4
,COC1
CH^CoCx
AlClj
jJigCOOO^CC no2) 2ch3
CHgCOOCHgCfNOgJ^j
2HC1
di ni tropropanol
succinyl
chloride
aluminum
chloride
bis(2,2-dinitropropyl) succinate
A methylene chloride solution of dinitropropanol (0*02 mol 'n 15 milliliters) was mixed
with 0.01 mol of succinyl chloride. To this solution 0.003 mcl of crushed anhydrous aluminum
chloride was added. It was necessary to cool the reaction vessel due to the vigorousness of
the reaction. After 25 minutes at room temperature the reaction solution was refluxed 1-1/2
hours. Fine needle-like crystals formed upon cooling and adding hexane. Ihe crystals were
slurried in dilute hydrochloric acid and on recrystallization from methanol gave a 935> yield
of INPS (melting point 850 to 85.6°C).
References:21
(a) M. E. Hill, Synthesis of Hew High Explosives, NAVORD Report No. 2965, 1 April 1=»53-
2^S*_- foo:nr>(e ! , png.- 10.
112
2,8-Plnltropropyl-4,4,4-Trinltrcjutyrete (ГНРТВ)
AMCP 706-177
% C 23-6 H 8.5	^хОСИгС(’»Э2)2СН3 M	19-T	C““0	Melecata Weigh:	355
	Oxygen Belence: CO, %	.89 CO %	+2.3
	Density: gm/cc	Cryetel	’.68
0	54.2	^CHaCHgCtMOj)	MeMnn	»C Form 1	11 ГОГШ 11	95 	•	Fora III 59
C/HRotio	» .	e	Л. g^ i^MWi ta
Ippoet fanefcMty, 1 Kg Wh	ШвЖв^ VMeft *C
Sample Wt 20 mg Pfcotinn* Anenol Apparatus, tat. Sample Wt, mg	f jo 8a jo
**—а — ЭЮТ1 ЭПОВ RtarShoe	^MwiniOpy BWBVo cc/40 Hn, at 90*C 100'C	0.5 I2O*C 135*C 150*C
Me Batat tappet T«t: Trial* % Expiation* tartiak	
Burned UacsHoctad	208 Orem Bomb Send Teet: Sand, gm
Seconds, 0.1 (no cap wed) — 1 5	300 10 15	•BWwWWy W ^^ТО^ЯВМПе Minimum Detonating Chorge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Az Ide Tetryl
20	Beilietic Mortar, % TNT:
	Truori Toot, % TNT:
7J‘C taemaltawl Heat Tach % Lorn In 48 Hr*	
	Fleto Dent Toot: Method
ЮГС Neat Tetit % Loss, let 48 Hr* % Loes, 2nd 48 Hr» Expiation In 100 Hrs	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
	BWBVe Confinement Condition Charge Diameter, in. Density, gm/cc	1.6? Rate, meters/second	?600
VtoiMnoMttty Iodo**	
ИмммввШкн % ^e^V p * Л4	
VetatMty:	
113
АМСР7М4П
2,2-Dlnltropropyl-U,U,U-Trinltrobutyrete (ЕКРта)
М ям Ж, МЛ ЫН'* ut wc-*l: Density, gm/cc ChorgeWt. lb TaNl No. •* Pmgawafa: For TNT For Subnet HE 3bob ME. MOAl haiecHb, Ie» KC-5: Density, gm/cc Oov Wt, lb ТЬМИа, «1 *M*mmk For TXT For Subnet HE	Glow Cones Stool Conet Hob Volume MoUm ***— OOW UW0VT1
	Coion	White
	MnfeolUtM:
	Method of Leedhy:	Cost
	Loodbg Deooity: gm/cc	1.67
Fmgmsal УМмкг Ft/sec At 9 Ft At ИЦА Density, gm/cc	
	Method	Dry Hoiord Clow (Quontrty-Diitonco) Compatibility Group Exudation	None
Nsst (Astaiioe b TNT): Ain book Prweuro №auhe Energy Ак.Саайм* Impuhi UMhtWMn Fonk Pressure Impulse Energy ВЬмйг PaaituM Impulse Energy	
	Beet of;	(c)	„ ,	. - 	 '	Solvent Trenoltlon, cel/gn CCli, IMF I 	Fill	6.8	l».8 II 	> I	-16.6 -82.0 Heat of Solution, 30°C; ДН Solution, eel/ga Material	CCIl IMF Form III	89.5	8.1 Form I	35.6	12.8 Form II	19-1	-9.I Origin, Synthesized in 1952 by M. E. Kill of the U.S. Naval OrCnanco Laboratory, White Oak, Maryland.
114
2,c-ianltropropyl-l*,l*,l*-T.inltrdbutyrete (ШРТВ)
АМСР 706-177
Preparation;
(•> Ь)
CBjCfuo^gOH + кю5)3сс5га’2сос1	aici3
trinltrbbutyryl	alusdnun
dlnitropropanol chloride	chlor!f-
CS3C(RO^)2C^COOCSgC(H(^)3 * HO.
dinltropropyl trlbltrobutyrate
Dfnitroprcpanol, trlnitrc*xityryl chloride and eluainun chloride were «lowly nixed in car-
bon tetrachloride et 60°C. Thia mixture was refluxed et 75°C for two houra. After the reac-
tion was completed, the nixture лег cooled and the crystalline product sapareted and purified.
Miter Is* the dlnltropropanoj vac removed by auotropic distillation before the odd chloride
mi added* the purified product had a uniting point of 95° to 9б°С*
Cryatellcugephie Dita:	(c)
three distinct crystallographic eodiflcattcns of ШРТН have been observed. These poly-
orphe have been characterised by naans of X-ray diffraction and nlcrooeaplc observation.
Pom I crystallizes free solution in carbon tetrachloride, chloroforn, acetone, chlorofOrn-
besane, aoctone-nater, or ethanol-nater at roon temperature. Prolonged standing of Para I
at roon te^wrature under the mother liquor pronotes в transition to Torn П. Upon solidi-
fication of seitan ШРТВ, Torn П is always observed.
Linear Hate of Transfomaticn of Porn П to Fore I (c)
TC^erature,	Average Bate, sq inch/hour	Standard Deviation	Average Rata, иц/hcur
15	O.JU?	о.оэб	0.012
2°	0.1*35	0.025	0.126
85	0.U52	0.01*8	0.133
30	0.1*75	0.01*9	0.11*0
35	0.253	0.037	0.u,'5
Both Porno I and HI gave very erratic sensitivity values. The high teapereture polynorph,
Pom П of EHPTO, gave consistent sensitivity values.
References;22
(а) и. E. Hill, Preparation and Properties of 2,2-Dinltropropanol Eaters, AVORD Report
Ho. 21*97, 3 July 195?^
(b) W. B. Hewson, Hercule- Report on lllgl Explosives, Hsvy Contract HOrd-1126O, tbsk A,
18 October 1951».
(c) J. R. Holden and J. Wenograd, Physical Properties of an Experimental Castable Explo-
sive 2.2-Dinitropropyl 2.1*.1*-Trinitrobutyrate DHPTB. 8AV0ED Report Но. 1*1>27. 11 December 1956.
22
See footnote 1, page 10.
АМСР 706-177
2, U-И nitro toluene
CainpociHee: %	CE3 C U6.3	1 H 3-3	Г T	Metacetar Weight: (CjH^NgO^)	1.82
	Oxygen Betaace: CO- %	-lib CO %	- 53
к 15-U	Density: gm/cc	1.521
0	35-0	NJ	Mohtag Mat: *C	71
2 C/HRotto 0.579	 е^ЯКЯЯф rWv»
hugest loMbirity, 1 Ke Wtt Bureou • Mines Apparatus, cm sonrb wtaomg Pfeatinny Arsenal Apparatus, in. Sample Wt, mg	Befltag Mat: *C Decoapoees	300
	Refractire Index, ц» fa л° п»
FnCnMi «Я0ЯЯ IKW* Steel Shue	Unaffected Fiber Shoe	Unaffected	RfOp— ▼VCWMB Jtflflflwy |W cc/40 Hrs, at 90’C 100‘C 120’C	0-0U 135*C 150*C
Rifle Refltt hapnct Test:	T rich. % Explosions	C Pcrtiols	0	
Burned	0 Unoffected	IDO	200 Orem Bomb Saad T< - Sand, gm	19,3
е Wfl^^WW«w« Seconds, 0.1 (no cop used) 1 5 Decomposes 310 10	*	** а- Сж» -»»..— vVIWovevOVy W HRWe^mwVHe Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide	0.20 Tetryl	0.25
20	BeOhtic Mortar, % TNT: (e)	71
	Trend Teel, % TNT: (ъ)	6U
71 ‘C tateraotieael fleet Tech % Loes in 48 Hr»	
	Ptalo Dent Tert: Method
1M*C fleet Teet: % Loes. 1st 48 Hrs % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion in 100 Hrs	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
	
n*«*obMty Index:	Confinement Condition Charge Diameter, in. Density, gm/cc Rate, meters/socond
flygreesepiclty: % 25°c, 100$ RH	0.00	
VeleiiBty:	
llfi
2,1»-'dtd trot oluene (PIT)	AMCP 7*6*177
АМСР706-1П
2,4-DLnitrotoluene (ШТ)
Preparation;
8м пн?»
Solubility! ra/100 ga of the folloving substances:
25 o.i*:
» 0.29
45 0.49
55 О.ТГ
60 1.03
nitroglycerin	water
°C	J	2£	1
20	30	22	0.027
50	0.037
100	0.251»
Solubility at 15°C> in:
1	sare*	i
65.076	'эВеСВ (absolute)	3-039
2Л31	Khtr (absolute)	7-422
60.644	Acetone	81.9)1
45.U7O	Ethyl acetate	57*929
5.014	0^2	2.306
1.916	Pyridine	76.810
Origin;
Occur! ae 754 of the product! obtained on the nitration of toluene, the reaaining 254 being
ainly 2,6-ПГГ and other iscaers of ШТ. Alio occurs as an iapurity In crude WT obtained by
standard aanuiecturing process, oaed In explosive Mixtures at least since 1931.
References:23
(a)	L* C. arith and E. 0. Xyster, physical lasting of Explosives, Part III - Miscellaneous
Ssnsltlvity Testa: Pexfoxaance Tests, OSRD Report bo. 5746, Iff December 1945*
(b)	A. H. Blatt, OoiBllatioc of Bate on Organic Explosives, OSRD Report йи. 2011», 29 Febru-
ary 1944.
(c) Report AC-2661.
(d) Also see the folio» .ng Plcatlnny Arsenal Technical Reports on П4Т:									
0	1	2	1	4	1	6	1	8	2
810	1351	72	43	394	1615	186	97	768	69
1830	1501	372	5S	804	2125	1556	817	938	149
	1651	922		1044		1816	837	1538	249
	1781	1142	673	1084		1896			279
	1821	1672	1023	1094					779
	2031	1692	1663	1164					1749
	2221		1743	1324					
			2013	1464					
1521»
1671»
1754
2094
23Ses footnote 1, page 10.
118
Dipentaerythritol Hexanltrate (DPSOi)
AMCP 706-177
% c	21.7 и	2.9 N	15.2	0И0.,	f)HO„ 0	60,2	ch.	ch 1 -	1 2 Ohb3CH2<j -CH, - c - сн2-ссн2о«ог C/H Ratio 0.15b	°"^2	^2	Nits tote. Weight: (C^H^W	551»
	BdMcto CO, %	-26 co %	> 3
	Beodly: gm/cc	Crystal	1.63
	Meting Peiatt *C	73-7
	fceseing Point: *c
hwpoN f trail hr Ity, 1 Kg Wt: Bureau of Mine» Apparatus cm 14 Samp*» Wt 20 mg Picatinny Arsenal Apparatus, in. k Sample Wt, mg	10	fc_t_д. g^ MM| rtIWi к
	ВеВяеНге lades, n“ ПЙ n»
flMee ВеаМша Teet: Steel Shoe	Explodes Fiber Shoe	Unaffected	Vsara Stability Tost: cc/40 Hrs, ot 90*C 100‘C	3-7 120*C	lie 135*C 150*C
BMt Mht teepoet Tsat: Trials % Explosions POrtfok Burned Unaffected	
	BBBBroni Bomb Sand Tost: Sand, gm	57. h
Exptoofea Tarapeeeteee:	*C Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) 1	300 5 Explodes	255 10 15 20	р^М1П*>*У SW Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Load Aside Tetryl
	BeNieHc Matter, % TNT: (B)	1U2
	Travel Teet, % TNT:	(Ъ)	128
П *€ teSeeeeliee».' Neat Tee»: % Loss In 4B Hn	
	Plate Doot Toot: Method Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
lOO’C Moot Toot: % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs	0.11 % Loss, 2nd 4В Hrs	0.10 Explosion in 100 Hrs	None	
	Detoootiea Bote:	(c) Confinement	copper tube Condition	Preseed Charge Diameter, In.	0.39 Density, gm/cc	1, Rate, meters/socond	7bl0
—	A-tBPe— A-A		
Hygroscopicity: %	0.03	
VehMtey:	
11»
АМСР 706-177
М penta erythritol Hexanitrate (РРШН)
 VW^pOWHVWVWIO 0 ••*• M MM HI, MFI Prejsrtilt, U* WC-91: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb Tetol He. of FroguMata For TNT For Subject HE 1 Uch HI, MttAl PniecHh, Let KC4: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb Tefal Ho. of РмдмеаН: For TNT For Subject HE	Shopod Charge MfecHreoess, TNT = 1#C: Glass Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Cefar.	White
	Priadpol Usesi Ingredient of priming coapoaitlona
	Method of Landtag:	Pressed
	Leedtag Deashyt gm/cc At 3000 to «Ю0О psi	l.$9
Aa FVVJMWw ▼•WCWyX «T/jec At 9 ft At25Hft Density, gm/cc	
	Method	Dry Hazorc* Class (Qunntity-Dtstonco)	Class 9 Compatibility Group -udotion
tat (ReMeo to TNTh Abt Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Air, СеаКлеА Impuhe Under WaSen Peak ProMuro Impulse Energy Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	
	Preparation: (Chemistry of Powder and Explosives, Davis) afHO-CHg^C Dehydrate	a (HO-CBg)3C-O-C(CB2-ce)3 'XJ	» (о2ио-сн2)3с-о-с(снг-сио2)3 Dipentaerythrftol Hexsnltrate Is procured In the pure stati (melting point 72°C) by fractional crystillization of crude РИВ frost moist acetone. Origin: Formed as an inpurity in the prepa- ration of РПЯ. Properties first described by W. Frederick end W. Br&n in 1930 (Berlchte 63, 2861 (1930); Z. gee Sehless- Sprengsto/lv 2J, 73-6, 125-7, 156-8 (1932)> Heat of: Combustion, cal/gm	2260
120
Bipentaarythritol Hexanitrate (ДЛИН)
АМСР 706-177
BsfVreneee :24
(а)	L. C. arith and B. Q. Xyster, Barsioal Tasting of Explosives, Part III - Miscellaneous
Osnsitivity Tests} Perfmaance Tests, OffiD Report Во. 57*6, <T beceear
(b)	A. Stettbacher, Pie Schloss und a>rengstoffe, Leipsix, p. 363.
(с)	T. I*. Mria, P>a Cbcalitnr of Pcwdar and Kxploaivea, John Wilay and Эопа, Inc., Bov
York (1!*3) »• 218-283.
(d)	ft. Livingston, Characteristics of bmi wives НИХ and ИИ, PfcTR Во. 15&-, 6 Heptaaber
1945<
24See footnote 1, page 10.
121
АМСР 706-177
Hynamlte, Lov Velocity» Plea tinny Arsenal (LVD)
CoaopaoMea: 99.5/0.5 RDX/1-М dye»	17-5 % ПГГ	6?. 8 TTlpentaerythritoJ	8.6 68/32 Vlatac no l/DOS binders**	h.l Ccllulooe acetate, 1Я-1	2.0 *RDX, doss E; 1-MA la 96$ pure 1-aethylaalno- anthraquinone. **Viatac № 1 ia lov MW polybutene; DOS is dioctylsetacate. C/H Ratio	
	^Fsygea ^Jebe^tee. CO, % CO %
	Boaoffyt gm/cc Loading	0.9
	MoBtag Fatah °C
	FseoJag Fatah °C
IM^KV	Л	Ута» Buraou tf Mines Apparatus, cm Sample Wt 20 mg Picotinny Arsenal Apparatus, In. 22 Sample Wt, mg	19	BoNtag Fatal: °C
	Rrhoeffra tadea, n° n£ n»
Mctfea Poadutam Toot: Steel Shoe	Unaffected Fiber Shoe	Unaffected	Уе'дииа кабЯКу Teat: cc/40 Hrs, at 90°C 100°С I2O°C	0.90 I35°C I5O°C
Me Ballot kapoct Testi Trials % Eaplooiora Partials Burned Unaffected	
	MB Orata Bomb Saad Test Sand, gm	1ф. 5
ЬрМеа Temperature:	°C Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) 1 5 Ignites 480 10 15 20	tameMUBs» 6а ‘ Hr*1	 OTBBWWBVy	IWHWsWffr Minimum Detonating Chorge, gm Mercury Fulminate Load Azide	0.20 Tetryl	0.15
	BeWsffi Berber, % . KT:	gg
	Treesl Toot, л Г ,T:
7J°C tataraeMoael Meet Toot: % Loss In 48 Hrs	
	Ftate Boat Teat. Method Conditio^ Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
100‘C Hoot Tom. % Lost, 1st 48 Hrs % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion in 100 Hrs	
	Botcaetioo tote: Confinement	None Condition	Hand tamped Chorge Diometer, in.	1-25 Density, gm/cc	0.0 Rote, meten/second J1)?; or 1Л^00 ft/вес
НееммЫЙу lades:	
Hygtiitsplsity: %	0.31 71°C. 95$ RH. 80 dove	Satisfactory	
VeleHBey:	
122
Ifrnaiilto, Low Velocity, Picatinny Arsenal (ЦП))
AMCP 706-177
	NtagU Chetge ВНоеНеоам, TNT = 1И:
•0 «ев Na. Ц71 ProjocHta. tn» WC-TI: Density, gm/cc ChorgeWt, lb	Gloss Conus Steel Сопи Hole Volume Hole Depth
Total He. el fwgsMMet For TNT For Subject HE	Cohn	pink 	 NodpollMee:	Excavation, demolition,
> 1ей Nt, M4TA1 Prefect*, Ut KGS:	and cratering
Density, gm/cc
Charge Wt, lb
Totof Ma, of Ftogmoete: For TNT For Subject HE	Method of Leedieg: Bell Pucker machine loaded Loading Density: gm/cc	0.9
ftaanwat Vehdtyi ft/sec M t ft At 25ft ft Dimity, gm/cc	Dashed cartridge 1-1/2” diameter, 8" 1оод Method	Dry
Meet WNillnte TNT):	Hazard Clou (Quantity-Distonce) Class 9
Ain Peek Pressure Impulse Energy	Compatibility Group	Group A Exudation
Alv Impulse	Sensitivity to Initiation; Stick dry,	No. 6	Electric cep	Positive Stick dry,	Corps	of Engineers	Positive Stick vet,	Corps	of Engineers	Positive
Under Wotan Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	Air Gap Propagation; Mas distance will, inch	2-1/2 min dlstenae will not, inch	3 Stick Water Issnersion; Weight gain, %	9-16
Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	Hot of: kxplcsion, cal/gm	625 Gas Volume, cc/gm	611 Cold Storage:	Plastic to -65°F Low Temperature Usage; -65°r, 1 day, М2 cap crimper	Satisfectoty
12:1
АМСР 7*477
Ifrnanlte> Low Velocity, Plcatlnny Arsenal (pro)
Preparation;
Tc date thia dynes! to baa bean prepared on a laboratory scale, the details of which are
clasalfled. It has been ehcam, however, to be sachlne loadable on a Hall packing aacMne*
Origin:
obel invented the original dynaaite In 1866 and gave the naae dynaaite to slxtures of
nitroglycerin and kieselguhr. П» strength of a dynaaite war Indicated by the percentage
of № in the alxture. Later oxidants and casbustibles were substituted for the kieselguhr,
and aasonlos nitrate nA/аг nitrostarch replaced the BG, bringing into existence new types
of dynaaltes. World *r П ailitary operations required special dasolltlon and crate ;ng
explosives free free the objectionable characteristics of Ж? and aany "dynaaite substitutes"
were developed for q^^dfio applications, The subject low velocity dynaaite waa developed in
1956 by Plcatlnny Arsenal (Ref a).
BefOroncee;
(a) H. V. Tcigt, Dwelowwnt of Low-Velocity Military Explosives Equivalent to Coanerdal
Mites, PA Technical hwSrt Йаг~сь'1ЭДС-------------------' ----------- ------------------------
(b) Also see the foilowirg			Plcatlnny Arsenal Technical Reports on lynasites:					
0	1	2	4	1	6	I	8	2
12б0 1360 1720 1760	1381 1611	782 153!'	864 1464	1285	1416 1436 1506 2056	507 957	848 1826	1819
2*See footnote 1, page 10.
124
Dynamite, Mediun Velocity, Hercules (МУР)
АМСР 706-177
^rwnhhm ЛИ	75 Wf	15 Starch	5 SU Ho.	10	Oil	к Viatanex oil	gel*	1 *80/15/5, ОН Во. Ю weight oil/Vistanex B- ICOXC/Navy П2 aax, C/H Ratio	Molccvlw
	Osrygea Boieace: ca%	.51 co %
	Density: gm/cc	Loading	1.1
	МаШад Point: "C
		*	o^ rwBIBrJ v>
invest 8миМа«у, 1 Kg Wt: Buraou of Mine Apporotua, cm >100 Sample Wt 20 mg	18 Picotinny Arsenal Apparatus, tot. 25 Sample Wt, mg	Nitroglycerin Equivalent, J, 60
	al al at c c c
PtMaa Rcndohaa Teats Steal Shoe	Cracklee Fiber Shoe	Unaffected	Vmbmb StaMMty Teet* cc/40 Hrs, ot 90’C 100’C	0.80 120*C	0-9*> 135’C I5O*C
RMe BuBat Inspect Teat: Triofs % Essploaione	C Portiob	0 Burned	10 Unaffected	90	
	2M Gram Bomb Seed Teet: Sand, gm	52.6
8арвве1ео ITaeape^etsaee.	Cf Seconds, 0.1 (no cop used) 1 5 10 15 20	vGMBVBBWv^^^ WV В BwB^R^^^B* Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Marcury Fulminate Lead Azide	q,20 Tetryl	0.10
	Inilirtic Mertsr, % TNT:	]^2
	Treeri Teat, % TNT:
T^^Ae 9 9 mt ^BB^^^^^B^^^^^^MBB^^B	В % Lota tot 48 Hrs	
	Plate Dasti Teat: Method Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brier, xa, % TNT
MB'C Moot Teat: % Lett. 1st 48 Hrs	0.62 % Um, 2nd 48 Hrs	0.12 Explosion tot 100 Hrs	None	
	Uataiietiaa Rote: f enfinement	None Condition	Machine tamped Charge Diameter,	in.	1.50 Density, gm/cc	1, i Rote, meters/second бООО-ббОО; or 20,000 ft/вес
Ib4*s*	
71°C, 95# BH, 30 days	Satiefactory	
ValJlilj:	
125
AMCP T06-177 ч	Dynemlta, Msdlum Velocity, Hercules (WD)
FiegamMlsB Tash	Sheped Charge Effectiveness, TXT =	1«h
N «мв M, МЛ h^MHto, Ut WC-»1: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb	Glass Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hob Depth	
For TNT For Subject HE 1 inab Nt, MOA1 РмЦсМе, IM KC-S: Density, gm/cc ChorgeWt, lb	Cohn	Buff
	Mwipol Ums: Excavation, demolition. and entering	
For TNT For Subject HE	Method of Leedhg: Hall Packer Bachina leaded	
	leodhg DeaeNyt gm/cc	1.1
hspM Yataity: **/sec At 9 ft At2SVift Density, Qn/cc	Cartridge 1-1/2" diameter, 8"	long
	Method	Dry
*tat (RahHvela TNT):	Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance)	Class 9
Ain took Pressure Impulse Bmw	Compatibility Group Exudation	Group A
Alp* СовЛввйк Impulse UederWelor: Peak Pressure Impulse Bmw Peak Pressure Impulse Enorw	Sensitivity to Initiation; Stick dry, Ho. b Electric cep	Positive Stick dry. Corps of Engineers	Positive Stick wt, Corps of Engineers > 50^ Positive Air Gap Propagation; Max distance will, inch	1 Mln distance vlll not, Inch 2-1/2 Quarry Performance; 1* tons rock/ton explosive Stick Water TurnersIon: Velght gain, f,	25-27 Heat of; Explosion, cal/gm	935 Ges Volume, cc/gm	9^5 Cold Storage;	Plastic to -70°F Low Tswerature Usage:	
	-6^4^, 1 day, Mz cap crimper	Satisfactory	
126
Dynaaite, Medium Velocity, Hercule» (МУР)
AMCP7N-177
Preparation;
Manufactured on atandard dynaaite Una and packaged on a Hall packing aadilne. Patella of
handling materiala and technique» of manufacture are claaaifled.
Origin:
Military force» frequently require excetritiou, demolition, and cratering operatlonc for
which atandard high exploaive» are unauitnble. Ooanercial bleating aiploaivea, except black
powder, are called dyneaita» although they nay contain no nitroglycerin. The cub Jact dynaaite
aub»tivute ana developed in 1952 by the Hercule» Povdar Ccapeny (Ref a).
Beferencea:26
(a)	V. R. Baldwin, Jr., Bleating Exploeivea (Pynamite Subatitute), Hercule» Povdar Coapany
Vocmal Progreaa Report, RI 2006, 15 Auguat 1952, Any Contract РА-^б-ОЭ^ОВР-ИО.
(b)	и* V. Voigt, Development of Low-Velocity Military Bploeivea Equivalent to Ooanarrlal
Dynaaitee, BA Technical Report Bo. 2374, March 1957.
26Sea footnote 1, page 10.
127
АМСР 706-177
EC Blank Fire
Смфмййв	Molecular Weight:	Approximately	503
Nitrocellulose, 13-256 N	80 BariuB Nitrate	8 Potaaalua Nitrate	8	Oxygm Маасе. CO %	-25
Starch	3 Dlphenylandne	0.75 Aurlne	0.25	Density: gm/cc
	Making Point: "C
C/H Ratio	
Impact Sonettivily, 2 Kg Wh Bureau of Minas Apporatus, cm 19 Sample Wt 20 mg Picatinny Arsenal Apporatus, in. Sample Wt, mg	20	BeWag Point: 'C
	Refractive Index, nJ ni r.i
• • -*	^---а_-а	. rnOnW rWWWBI IMBos Steel Shoe	Snape Fiber Shoe	cc/40 Hrs, at 90‘C 100‘C I2O*C 135‘C 150‘C
RMb BnMat Impact Teat: Trials % Explosions Partials	
Burned Unaffected	200 Gram Bomb Sand Tost: Sand, gm	16.8
Ь^йЫм ТмфмоНи*:	9C Seconds, 0.1 (no cop used) 1 5 Decomposes 200 10 >K	Sensitivity to Initiation: Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate	0.22 Lead Azide Tetryl
20	BaMstic Mortar, % TNT:
	Travel Test, % TNT:
79‘C latamstiaeal Heat Test: % Lou In 49 Hrs	1.8	
	Piets Dent Toot: Method
100'C Heat Teat: % Lou, 1st 48 Hrs	2.0 % Lou, 2nd 48 Hrs	0.2 Explosion in 100 Hrs	None	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
	Detonation Rate: Confinement Condition Charge Diameter, in. Density, gm/cc Rate, meters/second 1
	
Hygroscopicity: % ypCt	m	g.2	
"BHVHIVf «	
128
EC Blank Иге
АМСР 706-177
Fvegawalatism Teats •0 мае HI. МЛ Pnjirtili. Let WC-91: Density, gm/cc Chorge Wt, lb For TNT Foe Subject HE > tach H8, M42A1 PrajecMs. Let KC-1: Daneity, gm/cc Chorge Wt, lb TsSsiNe, ef Ямдама*к For TNT For Subject HE	Shaped Charge EffeeHeeoese, TUT = ItO: Gloss Сопы Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Cator:
	Pitadpel Uses: Grenades; caliber • 30 blank Motbo'' '4 Laodtag:	Loose
	Lnadtag PreeWyi gm/cc	o.ltO
Frogeumt Votacby: ft/ssc At 9 ft At 25% ft Daneity, gm/cc	
	Method	wet Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance)	Class	0 Compatibility Group	Group	J Exudation
Meet ttrlMbete TNT): Abt Peak Pressure Impube Energy Airf См41м4г Impube Under Wotan Peek Pressure Impube Energy Peak Pressure Impube Enerav	
	Preparation; EC Blank Fire 1b a partially collolded propellant manufactured by a pro- cess using either acetone and ethanol or a mixture of butyl acetate and benzene to gelatinize only a part of the nitrocellu- lose. The process is controlled co that the product passes through a No. 12 sieve and is retained on a No. 50 sieve. Origin; Invented in 1882 as bulk sporting (smoke- less) powder by W. F. Reid and D. Johnson at the Explosive Совфапу (whence the name "FC") In England (British Patent 619). 120°C Heat Test;	u. Salmon Pink	i.50 Red Fumes	ЗЭО+ Explodes	300*
References:2 4 a) See the following Picatlnny Arsenal Technical Reports on EC Blank Fire: 091, 901, 372 , 512 , 822 , 233, 1373 , 851*, 65, 667, 817, 69, 579 and 1399-	
'See footnote 1, page 1C.
129
AMCP 706-177
Ednatol, 55A?
(W	Meleceler Weight:	178
Halelte (Ethylene Dinltranine)	55 TNT	1*5	Oxygen lelaaca: CO: %	.51 CO %	-17
	Densify: gm/cc	Cast	1.62
	Melting Pahth *C Eutectic	80
C/H Rot .	^^0004^6^ ^^еФЯФе
aspect Sensitivity, 1 Kg Wt: Bureou of Mines Apporotus, cm 95 Sample Wt 20 mg Picatinny Arsenal Apparatus, in. Sample Wt, mg	20	BeMiog BeHft "C
	ot oS oS c c c
Гггаа^П vwH^^NW iwmas Steel Shoe	Unaffected Fiber Shoe	Unaffected	Vecaam StebMty test: cc/40 Hn., at 90'C 100'C	1.0 120"C	11* I35*C 150’C
Mia BoMat Impact Test:	Tols % Explosions	0 Partials	0	
Burned	7 Unaffected	93	200 Seem Bomb Sood Teat: Sand, gm	1*9.1»
Expteeiea Taaipeeelvee: »	C Seconds, 0.1	(no cap used?	1*35 1	21*8 5	Decomposes	190 10	183 >5	176 20	168	wWVBVTvDVy vw WBBOwBV^B^NBe Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate	0.22» Lead Azide	0.26» •Alternative initiating charge».
	BoMeNc Mertw, % TNT: (a)	119
•Ccripoaltlon Helelte/TNT, 60/l*0.	trawl Teat, % TNT: (b)	120
75‘C leteieatiaael Heei Test: % loss in 48 Hrs	
	Pfete Deaf feat:	52/W Method	В
100*C Heat Teat: % Loes, 1st 48 Hrs	0.2 % Lou, 2nd 48 Hrs	o.l Explosion in 100 Hrs	None	Condition	Cast Confined	No Density, gm/cc	1.62 Brisance, % TNT	112
	Confinement	None
HeamaeMBty lodes: Will not continue to bum	
Hypraeaaalclty: %	None	Condition	Cost Charge Diameter, in.	1.0 Density, gm/cc	1-63 Rate, meters/second	73**O
Te^^mW^^y J	
130
Ed na to 1, 55A5
АМСР 706-177
ФО ям* Hl« Mil FvMecHb, Ut WC-01: Density, gm/cc	1-56	1.62 Charge Wt, lb	2.065	2.092 Total Ma. of Pragmesfi: For TNT	703	703 Fa Subject HE	8U2	902 1 loch HI. M42A1 Pw|eeHh, Let KC-S: □entity, gm/cc	1-60 Charge Wt, lb	O.8U5 Total Na. of FragsMOH: For TNT	514 For Subject HE	536	Steeped Charge INecHveaeso, TNT = 1Ю: 50/50 Gloss Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume	126	123 Ной Depth	117	121
	Cohn	Yellow
	Principal Um: Projectiles, bombs; special ammunition components
	Method of Loodhg:	Cast
	Uedfag Oeastey: gm/cc	1,65
Ffogeteet Veiedty: ft/sec Mh	2730 At 25Ц ft	21*30 Density, gm/er	1.62	
	Method	Ety Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance)	Class	9 Compatibility Group	Group	I Exudation	Does not exude at 65°C
Mast (Rehthre fa TNT):	(d,	e) Air: Peak Pressure	108 Impulse	110 Energy	108 Air, Caafhad; Impulse Under Water: Peak Pressure Impute* Energy	113 Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Booster Sensitivity Test;	(d) Condition	Cast Tetryl, gm	100 Wax, In. for 50% Detonstl-on	1.28 Density, gm/cc	1.62	
	Butectic Temperature,	°C;	79-8 gm Halelte/ldo gm ТЯГ 79.8°C	0.1*8 95-O°C	1.12 Compatibility vith Metals: Dry: Brass, aluminum, stainless steel, mild steel, mild steel coated with acid- proof black paint, and mild steel plated vith cadmium or nickel are unaffected. Cop- per, magnesium, magnesium-alumlnum alloy and mild steel plated vith copper or zinc ere slightly affected. Wet; Copper, brass, magnesium, magnesium- aluminum elloy, mild steel, mild steel coated vith acid-proof black paint and mild steel plated vith copper, cadmium, nickel or zinc are heavily attacked. Aluminum is slightly affected and stainless steel is unaffected.
131
АМСР 706-177
Ednatol, 55/45
Preparation:
Wet Halelte 1* added «lowly to molton TUT heated at about 100°C in a steen Jacketed eelting
kettle equipped with a stirrer. Heating and stirring are continued until all moisture la
evaporated. Loading la done by pouring the mixture cooled to 85°C.
Origin:
Mixture» of Halelte (ЕЛА) and ТЯГ, deaignated Ednatol; were developed at Picatlnny Arsenal
Juat prior to World War II.
References;-8
(a)	L. C. Saith and E. G. Ryeter, Phy a leal Te»tlng of Explosives, Part III - Miscellaneous
Sensitivity Tests; Performance Te»ta, OSRD Report Ho. 5^46, 27 December 1^4^.
(b)	Philip C. Keenan and Dorothy C. Pipe», Table of Military High Explo»lve«, Second Revi-
sion, KAVORD Report Ho. 87-46, 26 July 1946.
(c)	D. P. McDougall, Methods of Physical Те»ting, OSRD Report Ho. 803, 11 August 1942.
(d)	L. C. Smith and S. R. Welton, A Consideration of RDX/Wax Mixture» a» a Substitute for
Tetryl in Booster», HOL Memo 10,303, 15 June 1$49.
v* Tomlinson, Jr., Blast Effects of Bomb Explosive», PA Tech Div Lecture, 9 April
(f)	Eastern laboratory, du Pont, Investigation of cavity Effect, Sec III, Variation of
Cavity Effect with Cocpoeltion, ВИС Contract W-672-0RD-5?ft.
(g)	Eastern Laboratory, du Pont, Investigation of Cavity Effect, Final Report, 18 Septem-
ber 1943, НПГС Contract W-672-0RD-5727
(h) Also	see the	following	Picatlnny Arsenal Technical Reports on					Ednatol:	
0	1	2	1	4	2	6	1	8	2
1290	1291	1162	1193	1294	1325	1796	1457	1198	1279
1400	1451	1372	1363	1434	1395		1477	1388	1469
1420	1651	1482	1493		1885		1737	1838	
1530							1797		
28S.S footnote 1, page 10,
132
Ethylene Glycol Di-Trlnltrobutyrete (GTHB)
AMCP 706-177
CTHMinirt c 25.6 И 2.6	Mehtaier Weight: (C^Hj^KgOj^)	i»68
	Oxygen Baleace: CO, % CO %	o'#
^HgCOgCHgCHgCfiiO^)	Density: gm/cc	Crystal	I.63
0 %?	Making Mnt: *C	.96
C/H Ratio 0.235	Fleecing Point: *C	
Inspect 1емМ«йу, 1 Kg Wtt	Tiffing Flint: *C	
е^ШЯ^Шеп wt	II1 Igag^aes w• Sample Wt 20 mg Picatinny Arsenal Apparatus, in. Sample Wt, mg	Kefiecthre lades, ni nl t£	
 e-»e_ _ ^г^^^Б^^^^ЯВ	В ЯЯ*е Steel Shoe Fiber Shoe	Vecaaee Stability Teet: cc/40 Hrs, ot 90*C 100’C 120*C 135*C 150*C	
ШНе BaNet Impact Teet: Trlan % Expiations Partials		
Burned Unaffected	200 Cram Bomb Send Teet: Sand, gm	
ЯЯрВЯЯ^ИВ • WW^WWWeWt Seconds, 0.1 (no cop used) —- 1 5 50jt point 230 10 15	4»	-» a*--	e t.e .e _ . ПЯВВЯВдВТЯу ew BflBaWIBVWe Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide Tetryl	
20	Ballietic Mortar, % TNT:	
	Treusl Test, % TNT:	
79*C letemetionel Meet Teet: % Low tn 48 Hrs		
	Ptatn Dent Test: Method	
100*C Heat Teet: % Lou, 1st 48 Hrs % Lou, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion In 100 Hrs	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT	
		
ЯеомиЫМу lades:	9В«ПЯв«МЯ™КОВПе Confinement	
kLeaaMouplaihr* QL	иОПбпЮП Charge Diametnr, in. Density, gm/cc Rate, meters/second	1.63 73UO
»*- a.^eae^.		
133
АХО» 706-177
Ethylene Glycol Dl-Trinitrobutyrete (gTNB)
ЕюдамаСаМеа Tash M ома HI, MFI Prelect#*, Ut WC-»1: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb Total No. ef FtagsMata: For TNT For Subject HE ) bnb HI, M42A1 PrejecM*, Lae KC-St Dantity, gm/cc Onego Wt, lb Total No. of FfagoMOtai For TNT For Subject HE	Shaped Charge Iffectbeae**, TNT = IN: Qon Cone* Steel Cone* Holo Volume Holo Depth
	Cxlxtt
	Pile dp *1 Uses: Costing medium for HE compounds
	Method ef Leadtag:	Cast
	Leodtag Dooaity: gm/cc	1.60
Ftaganmt Vdodtyt ft/eec At» ft At 25% ft DansHy, gm/cc	
	Steroge: Method	Dry Hazard Clast (Quantny-Distance) Compatibility Group Exudation	None
Moat (Marita taTMDi Ain Peak Promurn Impube Energy Air, Ceafiaed: Impube Under Wotan Peak Pleasure Impube Energy Peak PiWMuro Impube Energy	
	preparation;	(a) By the addition of nitroform to ethylene glycol diacrylate. As the method of prepa- ration often leads to products difficult to purity, a preparation from ethylene glycol and pure trialtrobutyric add la In process. Origin: First synthesized In 1951 by the U.S. Rubber Соераny, Research and Development General Laboratories, Passaic, Nev Jersey. Viscosity, poises: Tenp, 98.9° C	0.2U6 106.5°C	0.193 Llguld Density, gm/cc: Tenp, 98.9°C	I.U67 106.5°C	1Л59
ГИ
AMCP 706-177
Ethylene Glycol M-T^lnitrobutyrate (GOTB)
Reference»»2?
(a)	U. S. Rubber Соирапу Progress Report Ko. 1U, Navy Contract NOrd-10129, 1 Tebruary 1951
to 1 May 1951.
(b)	U. S. Naval Ordnance Laboratory, Silver Spring, Maryland, Letter free Dr. 0. H. John-
son to Coonnding Officer, Plcatlnny Araenal, 8 April 1955 (OREBB l*T1.86/M»-3, Registry No.
39815); and NOL Letter free» Or. D. V. Slckaan to Cotenanding Officer, Plcatlnny Arsensd,
29 Noveaber 1955 (ORTBB l»71.86/159-1} Serial No. 3289**).
2?See footnote I, page 10.
13d
АКСР7М1П
Explosive D (Aanonium Picrate)
	Melecahr Wei'gbtt (CgHgNj,<^) 246
c	29.3	|0-BHlt H	2.4 O2N		N02	Osygee Вейми: CO, %	.52 CO %	-13
N 22. T	1	\	Oeeeltyi gm/cc	Crystal	1.72
0	45.6	I	Meting Mott *C Decadence 265
N0~ C/H Rotio 0.317	2	В—8^*
ImpactSaaeMMty, 2Kg W* Bureau of Mines Apparatus, cm Sample Wt 20 mg Pleotinny Arsenal Appri'Utus, In. 17 Sample Wt, mg	18	BoiSag Matt *C
	leMbkdo, nJ	oo	l.'5O8 ь0	1.870 %	1‘907
Frktiea Pin «also Test: Steel She	Unaffected Fiber Shoe	Luaireeted	Veceam Stability Test: cc/40 Hrs, at 90*C 100C	0.2 120*C	0.4 135*C 150‘C	0.4
KIHo BaNot Impeet Tech	Trials % Explosions	0 Partials	0	
Burned	30 Unaffected	70	208 Gram	Seed Tent: Sand, gm	39-5
Eapheiee Tsf sreten1	*C Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used)	405 1	367 5 Decoepoees	31B 10	314 IS	PQQ	*OHSBWTwy ra VIHnVoVBBBe Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Aside	0.20 Tetryl	0.06
20	295	BeiHstir Mester, % TNT: (a)	99
	Trmal Tert, % TNT:
TCtA 9 9 mt	В % Lok in 48 Hrs	
	Plate Boat Teat: Method	A
IBO’C Hoot Test-. % Itk, 1st 48 Hrs	0.1 % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs	0.1 Explosion In 100 Hrs	Kone	Condition	Pressed Confined	Yes Density, gm/cc	1.50 Brisance. % TNT	91
	
	Confinement	None
HygreecogteMy: % юо^ RH	0.1	COnOniCrV	> 1 VBBVU Charge Diameter, in.	1.0 Density, gm/cc	1.55 Rate, meters/second	6850
VeMBfyt	
136
Explosive D (A—onlua Picrate)
AMCP 706-177
W mm M. M71 Pmteate. Ut WC-H:	
Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb	1.50 1.9k
BW^VV	^w^MBBWBBR	
For TNT	703
For Subject HE	6k9
1 teh M. MOA1 Prate*. Loe KC-S	:
Density, gm/cc	1-55
Charge Wt, R>	0.82
B^^BV	V* nVJMvMK	
Far TNT	51k
Far Subject HE	508
At 9 ft
At2Sftft
Density, gm/cc
Steel Сейм
BtetOteettetoTNTh
Abt
F так Pressure
Impute
Energy
impute
Under Weton
Peak Pressure
Impute
Peak Praeauro
Impute
Holt Volume
Koto Depth
Cote:	Yellov-cnnge	
Ptedpel Item AP frc^-ctile*	and botes
Hotbed of Leading:	Pressed
Leedhra Denote: gm/cc psi x 103	
-	3	5	10	12	15	20
1.33 l.kl l.k? 1.1»9	1.51	1-53
	
Method	Dry
Hazard Clou (<>nntity-Distance)	Close 9
Compatibility Group	Group I
txudation	Hone et 65°C	
Sensitivity to Electrostatic	
Diecharge, Joules:	(a)
through 100 Mesh:	
Confined	6.0
Unconfined	0.02?
Booster Sensitivity tWr.v:	(e)
Condition	Pressed
Tetryl, ga	100
Wax, in. for 504 Detonation 1.27	
Density, gs/cc	1.5k
Beat of;	
Combustion, cal/gm	2890
Explosion, cal/gm	800
Formation, cal/gm	395
137
АМСР 706-iW
Explosive D (AsMonium Picrate)
Preparation;
Explosive D la sanufhotured by suspending picric add In hot vatar and neutralizing it vith
gaseous or liquid aaaonla. As the picrate Is formed, It gees Into solution; on cooling, it
precipitates* An excess of авакШа leads to formation of the red form of anaKnlum picrate.
This should be avoided. The sepaisted crystals are washed vith cold voter and dried.
Effect of Storage on Sand Test Values;
Minimum
		Mercury		Sand
Storage.		Fulminate		Crushed
Years		fgn)	Trtgl	(gaj
0			0.06	23
3-5	50	0.25		23
2 *	Honal		0.03	23
1» »	Е0ШМ1		0.04	23
2 *»	50	0.24	-	23
* After 3-5 years at 50°C.
*♦ After 3*5 years at 50°C and 2 years at nagazlna temperature.
Solubility: gm/100 gm «), of: (e)
Hater	Alcohol	Ethyl Acetate
	1	2£	£	fc	1
20	1.1	0	0.515	0	0.290
100	75	10	0.690	10 .	0.300
		30	1.050	30	0.380
		50	1.890	50	0Л50
		80	3.620	80	O.56O
Origin:
First piepared by Marchand in 1841 and used by Brugere In admixture vlth potassium nitrate
as a propellant in 1869. Used aa a high explosive after 1900.
Destruction by Chemical Dsccspoeitlon;
Explosive D (assKniua picrate) is deccapoaed by diasolving in 30 times Its velght of a
solution made from 1 part of sodium sulfide (BegS'^gO) in 6 parte of water.
References:
(e) L. C. Smith and E. G. Eye ter, Physical Testing,of Exploeivau, Part- III - Miscellaneous
Sensitivity Tests; Perfomance Tests, Offib Report Но. 5746, 27 Dececber 1945.
SOSee footnote 1, page 10.
138
Stploaive D (Awonlua Picrate)
AMcpmtn
(b)	D- P. McDougall, Method! of Physical Та»ting, OSRD Report Ko. 803, 11 August 1942.
(c)	U C. SBlth rod S. R, Wteltoo, A Consideration of РДХ/Мх Mixture» aa a Substitute for
Tetryl in Boosters, .OL Neeo 10,303, 1$ June
(d)	V. Brown, D. H. Builer and F. C. Gibson, Sensitivity of Explosives to Initiation
by Electrostatic Diecharges, U. S. Dept of Int, Bureau of Mines, Bi 3o52,
(e)	Various sources in the open literature.
(f) Also see the following Picatlnny Arsenal Technical Reports on Explosive D:									
0	1	2	2	4	2	.6	I	8	2
3U0	14Ы	132	8^3	69*t	65	266	1737	328	1729
870	,6 1	582		70b	425	556	1797	836	1759
13&?		1172		87<*	1585	796		183B	
		1352		123b	1655	986			
		1372		172k	1725	1466			
		lit 92			1885	1796			
					1895				
11Ю
АМСР 706-177
Glycerol Monolactate Irinitrate (GLOi) Liquid
СТПМ1ТГ11-. c 24.1	о оно. 1 1 H	3.0	CH- 0- C- CH- CH,		Mateeater Weight: (CgH^OjJ	299
		co, % co %	-30 3
1 < N	14.1	CT-0M02	J	Density: gm/cc	Liquid	1Л?
CH - OHO- 0	58.8	22		MalNag Petal: *C	
C/H Rotio 0.180		F(WmB| rWWi	
Repast SeaeMtity, 1 Kg Wt: Bweou of Mine* ^porotus, cm 15 (1 lb wt); 42 Sample Wt 20 mg Pleotinny Anenal Apparatus, In. Sample Wt. mg		oWONVe Vp	
		jo go /о	1.464
Mclisa Pent Tash Steel Shoe Fiber Shoe	Unaffected Unaffected	ц		 m.-ltee-. ЧР- wwwMWBey 8W1 cc/40 Hrs, ot 90’C 100’C I2O*C I35*C I5O*C	5-9
RM* Better Impeet Taet: Trial* % Explosion* Partial*			
Burned Unaffected		NO Orem Веой toad Totat Sand, gm	IM
Second*, 0.1 (no cap ussd) 1 5	223 10 15 20		vWB0VeV4«y ‘"W MOHONRO^MOI Minim», m Detonating Charge, gm tAercury Fulminate Lead Azide Tetryl	
		ВеШаНс Merter, % THT:	
		Trauxl Test, % TNT:	
9 9 W	* * % Los* in 48 Hr*			
		Plate Beat Teat: Method	
100'C Heat Test: % Loe*, 1st 48 Hr* % Lou, 2nd 48 Hr* Explosion in 100 Hrs	2.5 1.8 None	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisonce, % TNT	
			
FlMMMsMSly ledee*		Confinement	
QC		Condition Charge Diameter, in.	
VetaMky: 60°C, ag/cm2/hr 28		Density, gm/cc Rote, meters/second	
140
Glycerol Monolaetate Trinitrate I.GLTW) Liquid
AMCP 706-177
FregaseePstiee Teat: NeeM, W1 hejertNe, Let WC-»1: Density, gm/cc ChorgeWt, k> Tetel Na. et Fragaaanto: For TNI For Subject HE 1 lack HI. М4ЭА1 NljulWk. Let KC-S: Density, gm/cc Chorga Wt, lb IWw ^^Ba	гжВИИЮТКМа For TNT Far Subject HE	Gloss Cenas Steel Cones • Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Cebr:
	Principal Ueas: Gelatinlzer for nitrocellulose
	Merited of Lending:
	Leadteg Doaeky: gm/cc
Fragment Velocity: ft/sec At 9 ft At25H<t Density, gm/cc	
	Method	Liquid Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance)	Claes 9 Compatibility Group Exudation
Blast (leietbe to TNT): Air: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Air, Cenflned: Impulse Under Water: Peek Pressure Impulse Energy Peek Pressure Impulse Energy	
	Hydrolysis, jt Add: 10 days at 22°C	0.021 '5 days at 60°C	0.01b Solubility in Water, gm/100 gm, at;	 25°C	<0.01 60° C	<0.015 Solubility, gm/100 gm, at 25°C, in;	 Ether	> 2:1 Ether:Alcohol	- Acetone Heat of; Combustion, cal/gm	2hO7
141
АМСР 706-Ш
Glycerol Monolactate Trinitrate (МДМ) Liquid
Preparation:
Glycerol monolactate (GML) '.в prepared by heating a glycerol lactic add mixture containing
Ц exceaa lactic acid at 116°C for 112 hours with dry air bubbling through the liquid. The
product which contains 0.67^ free add is carefully nixed with 6 parts of 4о/бО HBOo/HgSOt
aaintained at 2O°C, stirred for 1 hour, cooled to 5°C, and poured on ice. It is extracted
with ether, water-washed, adjusted to pH 7 by shaking with a sodium bicarbonate solution, and
again water-washed tn.—e tines, it is then dried with calcium chloride, filtered and freed
of ether by bubbling vi'h eir until min'.ael loss in weight is obtained. The product has a
nltrate-nltrcgen conUat of 13.43^ (theoretical 14.1^ N). Another batch, prepared from 1ML
obtained from glycerol-lactic acid containing 6.% excess glycerol, bad a nitrate-nitrtgeu
content of 14.yjf, corresponding to a mixture containing 5-5^ nitroglycerin. It it not con-
sidered practicable to prepare the pure GLTK.
Origin:
The preparation of a nitrated ester of lactic acid and glycerol, by nitrating a glyceryl
lactate with nitric and sulfuric acids, for use in explosives, was reported in 1931 by Charles
Stine and Charles Burke (U. S. Patent 1,792,515)*
П>е preparation of glycerol monolactate by heating glycerol with equimolar proportions of
a lactic acid ester of an alcohol boiling below 100°C (ethyl lactate) ms patented by Richie
H. Locke in 1936 (British Patent 456,525 end U. S. Patent 2,087,980).
Reference;31
(a) P. F. Macy and A. A. Saffitz, Explosive Plasticizers for nitrocellulose, rAIR Ho.
1616, 22 July 1946.
31See footnote 1, page 10,
142
Glycol Иnitrate (GDN) liquid
AMCP 706*177
	Molecular Weight: (СДК^)	152
C	15.8	^^,oso2 H	2.6	CH2	Oxygee Balance: CO: %	0.0 CO %	21
N	18.4	1	Density: gm/cc Liquid, 25°C	1.48
o 63.2	Making Point: °C	-20
^^0N0_ C/H Rotio 0.092	2	Fraesieg Point *C
Impact Sensitivity, 3 Kg Wt: Bureau of Mines Apporotus, cm 4 (1 lb vt); 56 Sample Wt 20 mg Picotirmy Arsenal Apparatus, in. Sample Wt, mg	BeWng Patat: *C
	kehnctive Index, n£ П»	1.4452 nJ
Steel Shoe Fiber Shoe	wVWWWwy leWi cc/40 Hrs, at 90*C 100°C 120’C I35*C 150‘C
Riffs BoNct Impact Tech Trials % Explosions Partials	
Burned Unaffected	200 Gram Bomb Sand Toot: Sand, gm
Кж^ймм* ТмфмвИива	°C Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) 1 5 Explodes	257 10	Sensitivity to Iniffetioa: Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Load Azide Tetryl
20	I sillstir Mortar, % TNT:
	Troxel Test, % TNT:
7S'C Interaaiioecl Heat Tom: % Loss in 48 Hrs	
	Plate Dent Toot: Method
100’C Hoot Teat: % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion in 100 Hrs	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
	
FlenunebUity Index:	Confiner.ient	Glace tube Condition	Liquid Charge Diameter, in.	10 Density, gm/cc	1.485 Rato, meters/secand	7300 and 2050
Hygroscopicity: % 30°C, 90$ RH	0.00	
Volatility:	
14И
AMCP 706*177
Glycol Di nitrate (GEK) Liquid
g бон M мм HE. МУ1 Pra|ecMe. Lat WC-T1: Density, gm/cc ChorgeWt, tb For TNT For Subject HE 1 loch Ht. M42A1 Рге|ес*Не. Let KC-S: Density, gm/cc ChorgeWt, tb e Wwl V^Ae V* rlW^I^Ml» For TNT For Subject HE	Shaped Charge IKocHveaesa, TNT = 100: Gloss Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Color:	Yellow
	Priadpal Uses: Ingredient of nonfreezing dynamite
	
	Leedtog DeaeKy: gm/cc
Fragment Yehilty ft/sec At 9 ft At 254 ft Density, gm/cc	
	Method	Liquid Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance)	dees 9 Compatibility Group Exudation
Elect UUietire to TNT): Ah: Peck Pressure Impulse Energy Ah. CsaHasd: Impulse Under Water; Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Peek Pressure Impulse Energy	
	Solubility in 1000 cc Whter; Temp,	°C	Grama 15	6.2 20	6.8 50	9-2 Viscosity, centipoises; Temp, 20°C	1.2 Vanor Pressure; °C	nn Mercury 0	0.0011 20	0.038 10	0.26 6o	1.3 80	5.9 100	22.0 Heat of; Combustion,	cal/gm	1761 Formation, cal/gm (b)	366
1+4
Glycol Dinitrate (GDN) Liquid
Alt CP 706-177
Preparation;
Glycol dinitrate (ethylene glycol dinitrate, dinltroglycol, nitroglycol, dinitrodimethyl-
eneglycol) may he prepared by nitration of ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH, vith a mixed nitric
acid in the same apparatus that ie used for the preparation of nitroglycerin, lhe glycol is
prepared by synthesis from ethylene, and ethylene chlorohydrin:
ch2 - ch2
H0C1
-------> HOCH2CH2C1
H °
—-------> HOCH„CH OH
NaHCO3
Origin:
Henry vas the first to prepare and identify glycol dinitrate (Ber J, 529 (1870) and Ann
chim phys [4 ] 27, 243 (1872) but Kekuld had previously nitrated ethylene and obtained an un-
stable oil vhicn he supposed to he glycol nitrate-nltrate. No Immediate practical use vas
uade of glycol dinitrate because glycol Itself vas relatively rare and expensive at the time.
It wi 1904 before a patent vas granted covering the use of GIV as an explosive (DRP 179,789).
but it vas seven years later before its actual use as an explosive vas recorded ( M4m poudr 16
(1911) p. 214). П>е principal physical properties of GDK vere determined or recorded by Rinx-
enbach (Ref b).
References:
(а)	И». Naoum, Nitroglycerin and Nitroglycerin Explosives, translation, E. M. Synsnes, The
Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore (19»), p. 224.
(b)	WB>. H. Rinkenbach, "The Properties of Glycol Dinitrate," Ind Eng Chem 18, 1195 (1926).
(c)	WB>. H. Rinkenbach, "Glycol Dinitrate in Eynamlt'.- Manufacture," Chem Met Eng, 34, 296
(1927).
(d)	WB>. H. Rinkenbach, Application of the Vacuum Stability Test to Nitroglycerin end Nitro-
glycerin Explosives, PATR 162*, 27 August 1946.
32See footnote I, page 10.
145
АМСР 706-177
н-6
% RDX	*»5 7ГТ	30 Aluninum	20 D-2 Wax	5 Calcium Chloride, added	0.5 C/H Rotio	Molecolor Weight:	93
	Oxygen Balance: CO: %	-66 CO %	-36
	Density: gm/cc	Cast 1.74
	Molting Point: °C
	Freezing Point: °C
It "eat Sensitivity, 2 Kg Wt: Buraou of Mines Apparatus, cm	-- Sample Wt 20 mg Pleotinny Arsenal Apporatus, in. (c) 14 Sample Wt, mg	18	Boiling Point: *C
	Refractive Index, ni ni nS
ГПСПМ	V яп Steel Shoe	Unaffected Fiber Shoe	Vacuum Stability Test: cc/40 Hrs, at 90°C	---- 100‘C	0Л7 120°C 135°C I5O*C
Rifle Ballet Impest Test: Trials (b) % Explosions	80 Partials Burned Unaffected	20	
	200 Gram Bomb Seed Test: Sand, gm	49.5
IspMee Temperature:	*C	(a) Seconds, 0.1 (no cep used) — 1 5	610(nin) (c) 10 15 20	Sensitivity to Initietiea: Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate	---- Lead Azide	0.20 Tetryl	0.10
	Ballistic Mortar, % TNT: (d)	135
	Treuxi Toot, % TNT:
7S‘C Intomatiooel Meet Toot: % Lou In 48 Hrs	
	Plate Doot Test: Method Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
100*С Hoot Test: % Lou, 1st 48 Hrs	0.78 % Lou, 2nd 48 Hrs	0.00 Explosion in ',00 Hrs	None	
	DetenMioa Rate:	(в| ь) Confinement	None Condition	Cast Charge Diameter, in.	1*0 Density, gm/cc	1-71 Rate, meters/socand	7191
FlommcWHty Index:	
Hygroscopicity: % зо°с, 95$ ЙН, 7 days	2.01 71°C, 95$ RH, 7 days	1,77	
VeMBty:	
146
Н-6
АМСР 706-177
Booster («мШтНу Test:		
Condition		Oxygen, otoms/soc
Tetryl, gm		(Z/sec) Hoot, kilocolorie/molo
'Vox, in, (л 50% Detonation		(AH, kcol/mol)
Wax, gm		Temperature Rango, *C
Density, gm/cc		Phase
Meet of: Combustion, col/gm	3972	Armor Mote Impost Test:
Explosion, col/gm	923	M mm Mortar Projectile:
Gas Volume, cc/gm	733	50% inert. Velocity, ft/sec
Formation, cal/gm Fusion, cal/gm T8°C (b)	10.25	Aluminum Fineness 9004b General Potpoee Bombe:
Specific Heat: c.„ „m/'C	(b)	
30°C	0.269	Plate Thickness, inches
50°C	0.268	1 1’4
		IMr
		1%
Burning Rote:		
cm/sec		Bomb Drop Teet:
Tbermol Coodoctivity: cal/sec/cm/’C 35°C	(b) _3 1.10 X 10	T7, 20004b Somi-Armor-Plercing Bomb vs Concrete:
Coefficient ef Exponsioa:		Max Safe Drop, ft
Linear, dZ/ inch 0°C	14) x 10"!*	9004b General Purpose Oemb vs Concrete:
35°C	83 x ЮТ	
70°C	13л X lo	Height, ft Trials
		
Hardnoei. Mobe' Seek:		Unaffected
		Low Order
Young'» Modulus:		High Order
E', dynes/cm’	9.0 x 10	
E, lb/inchа	L.30 x lu5	1000-0 General Purpose Bomb vs Concrete:
Density, gm/cc	1.71	Height, ft
		
Compressive Strength: lb/i.tcha	See be;cv	Trials
		Unaffected
Vapor Pressure:		Low Order
’C	mm Mercury 2 Compressive Strength: It/inch	IO83	High Order
		
Density, gm/cc	1.71	
Ultimate aefDrmation, %	1-32	
147
AMCP 706*177
Frogasoatetloa Tost:	(ъ) П — Ш, М71 PrejocMe, Let EGS-1-17: Density, gm/cc Chorge Wt, lb hl^	 VVW ^^Ve rw^NOIKli For Composition В	998 For Subject HE	711* For 30/20 Tritonal	616 3 tach HI, МЛ2А1 Projectile, Lit KC-S: Density, gm/cc ChorgeWt, lb Total Ke. ef Fregaseals: For TNT For Subject HE	Shaped Charge Effectiveness, TNT = 100: Glass Cones Steel rones Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Color:	Gray
	Principal Usee:	HE charge
	Method of Leodtag:	Oast
	Lending Density: gm/cc	1.71
Fragnteat Velocity: ft/sec At 9 ft At 25% ft Density, gm/cc	
	Storage: Method	Dry Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance)	Class	9 Compatibility Group	Group	I Exudation	None
Mort (Rointivo to TNT):	(a) Air: 3-25'1 diameter sphere Peek Pressure	A psi	Catenary	25.к Impulse	NFOC	Pendulum	19-8 Energy	— - Air, Ceeftaed: Impulse Under Water: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	
	1
148
АМСР 706-177
Effect of Altitude, Charge Diameter and Degree of Confinement on Det .nation Velocity*
(Deference e)
i SxDloelve	Siaulated Altitude,	One-Inch Column		TWO-Jnch Column	!	
		Confined	Unconfined n/a	Confined I Unconfined	
	'Teet	m/a		n/e	m/e
: TUT,	Ground	6820	6720	6670	5270
' density, ga/cc 1-59 *	30,000	6660	6930(2)	6610	6760(1*)
•	60,000	6800	-	6520	61*00(1»)
	90,000	6810	6720	6550	6610(1)
Average		6798	6790	6588	6260
B-6,	Ground	7190	7360	73**0	6870
density, ga/cc I.69	30,000	7300(2)	71*30	7360	7980
	60,000	7280	71*90	7550	7010
	90,000	7300(3)	7270	7500	7000
Average		7268	7385	7*»30	7215
♦Confined charge in 1/1»" steel tube, AlSI 1015 seamlees, 1" diameter 18" long, and 2" diameter 7" long. All means were determined from sets of five values unless otherwise indicated by ( ). A 26 gn tetryl booster was used to initiate each charge.					
Average Fragment Velocities at Various Altitude»* (e)
Explosive	Charge Diameter, Inches	Siaulated Altitude, Feet			
		Ground m/e	30,000 n/e	60,000 m/e	90,000 m/e
BIT,	1	291*0	1 2991	3119	2868	1
density, gm/cc 1.51	2	3623 —	j 1*191 1 4				5077	1*980 -
: H-6,	j 1	31:61	 3UO5 3^67	S563
2	1*6O3	1»726	1*998	5288
♦Outside diameter 2.5V; inside •‘tameter 2.01*"; length 7".
References;
See HBX-1; HBX-3 reference list.
149
АМСР 706-177
Halelte (Ethylene Dinitramine) (ЕЖА)
(In recognition of its development as a military explosive by the
late Dr. G. C. .ale of Plcatlnny Arsenal.)
*	^no2 C	16.0	H2C	N		Molecoler Weight: (CgHgl.'^O^)	150
		Oxygen Balance: CO.. %	-32 CO %	-10-5
H	L.O N	37-3 0	U2.7	H„C	H 		
		Density: gm/cc	Crystal	1.71
		Melting Feint: "C Decomposes	1754
C	^*4 Ц C/H Rotio0.066		Froeslng Feint: C
Impact Seasif '♦v. 2 Kg Wt:		Boiling Feint: ’C
		
		
Sample Wt 20 mg		Refractive ladsx, n°
Pkotinny Arsenol Apparatus, in. 1«		_D
Sample Wt, mg	17	& oft E G
Friction Foodalnm Test:		Vacuum Stability Test:
Steel Shoe	Unaffected	cc/40 Hrs, at
Fiber Shoe	Unaffected	90’C
		100 C	0. p
Rifle Baikt Impact Test: Trials		I2O"C	1-5
	%	135=C
Explosions	0	
Partials	So	150-C	11+
Burned	20	200 Grom Bomb Send Test:
Unaffected	ю	Sand, gm	52.3
Expiation Tomperetare:	6/»	Sensitivity to Initietioe:
Seconds, 0.1 (no cop used)	265	Minimum Detonating Charge, gm
1	216	Mercury Fulminate	0.21
5 Decomposes	189	Lead Azide	0.13
10	178	Tetryl
|C	173	
		
20	170	Ballistic Mortar, % THT: (a)	139
— — —		Troasl Test, % TNT:	( t)	122
7S°C Intemationol Hoot Test:		
% Loss in 48 Hrs	0.01	Plata Dent Test:	(c)
		Method	A
WC Hoot Test:		Condition	Pressed
% Loss, 1st 48 Hrs	0.2	Confined	Yes
% Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs	0.3	Density, gm/cc	1.50
Explosion in 100 Hrs	Hone	Brisance, % TNT	122
1		Detonation Rote:
Flea nobility Index:	138	Confinement	L'nconfir.ed
 	—	1 —III—I.	-		Condition	Pressed
Hygroscopicity: %	0.01	Charge Diameter, in	1.0
		Density, gm/cc	1. +1
VolotiBty:	Mil	Rote, meters/second	7570
151)
Haleite (Ethylene Dlnlt.-^-ie) (EDNA)
AMCP 706-177
Booster SeMkh'ty Teet:	(d) Condition	Pressed Tetryl, gm	100 Wax, in. for 50% Detonation	2.03 Wax, gm Density, gm/«	1.42	Decompositten Kquatioa: (e) „	(e)	(f) Oxygen, otoms/soc 1СГ '°	K> ’1	IO11*1 (Z/sec) Heat, kiiocalorie/mole 30*5	37-3	30«8 (AH, kcal/mcl) Temperature Range, CC 184-251*	--	144-164 ' Phase	Liquid Solid Solid
Hset of: Combustion, cal/gm	21*77 Explosion, col/gm	1276 Gas Volume, cc/gm	906 Formation, cal •'em	134 Fusion, cal/grr	Armor Mote Impact Test: M mm Metter Projectile: 50% Inert, Velocity, ft/sec Aluminum Fin*ness S004b General Purpose Bombs: Plate Thickness, inches 1 14	; IV,.
Specific Hoot: col/gm/‘C	
Bandog Kate: cm/sec	
	Bomb Drop Tost: T7, 20064b Semi-Armor-Piercing Bomb vs Concrete: Max Safe Drop, ft S00 lb General Purpose Bomb vs Concrete: Height, ft Trials Unaffected Low Order High Order 1000-lb General Purpose Bomb VS Concrete: Height, ft Trials Unaffected Low Order High Order
Tbotmol Conductivity: col/sec/cm/'C	
Coefficient of Expansion: Linear, %/*C Volume, %/”C	
Herd»», Mobs' Scale:	
Young's Modulus: E', dynes/cm“ E. Ib/inch1 Density, gm/cc	
Compressive Strength: Ib/inch-1	
VtpM PrttMre; ’C	mm Mercury	
	
151
AMCP 706-177
Haleite (Ethylene Dinitramine) (ЕШЧ)
1 riv^NmWwII !• •0 MM HI, Mil Pra|ecMe, Let WC-91: Density, gm/cc	1.61 ChorgeWt, lb Total No. of Fragments: For TNT For Subject HE 3 W HI. М4ЭА1 FMMHH. Density, gm/cc	"l.Jb Chorge Wt, lb Total No. of Fragments: For TNT	51*» For Subject HE	600	Shaped Choree KHocthrenoee, TNT = 100: Glass Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Color-.	White
	Principal Usee:	Booster
	Method of Loodtag:	Preened
	Loedtag Doneby: gm/cc	P«i x 10^ 5	10	12	15	20 1.28	1.38	l.bl	1.Ы»	1Л9
Fragment Velocity: ft/soc At 9 ft At25ftft Density, gm/cc	
	Storage: Method	Dry Hazard Class (Qjontity-Distance)	ClASS	9 Compatibility Grotgr Exudation	None
NMOUMoHvetaTHT): Abt Peak Pressure Impuhe Energy Ab, Confined: Impulse Under Water: Rook "ressure Impulse Energy (fadofyMMds Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	
	
152
Halelte (Ethylene Dinitramine) (ЕЖА)
АМСР 706-177
Compatibility with Me tali:
Pty - Copper, brass, aluminum, mild ateel, stainless steel, mild steel coated with acid-
proof'black paint, and mild steel plated with copper nickel, cadmium or zinc are unaffected.
Magnesium and magneslum-aluminum alloy are «lightly affected.
Wet - Copper, braes, mild steel coated with acid-proof black paint, and mild ateel plated
vlth capper, cadmium, nickel or zinc are heavily corroded. Aluminum Is slightly affected and
stainless steel Is unaffected.
Impact Sensitivities of Various Crystal Habits;
Bureau of Mines Isoect Test, 2 Kg Wt;
Habit	cm
1st plate 2nd plate Bi-pynmld Bracydome Sphenoid	55 55 71 66 h6
Solubility; gm/100 gm (10 of;
Water	Al coho?.
°C	J	°C J
20	0.25	20	1.00
h0	0.75	ho	2.h6
60	2.13	60	5.2?
80	6.38	78	10.h
100	>20
Preparation:
(Summary Technical Report of the KIRC, Div 8, Vol 1)
CH2O + НСЯ —» KO CH2C3
(98% yield)
HO CH2CH ♦ ЯН3 -* НН2СН2СЯ ♦ H20
(82% yield)
ин2сн2сн + 2H2 -» H2N ch2ch2bh2
(88% yield)
CH2—BH2
CH2--HH2
C02->
CO + H20
153
АМСР 706-177
Halelte (Ethylene Dinitramine) (ЕША)
CH„— NH — NO_
| 2	* CO
CH2— NH—N02
The raw materials used in this process are cheap and available; the first three reactions
proceed smoothly, rapidly and In good yield (70$ overall), and only the third requires high
pressures. The reaction of ethylenediamine vith carbon dioxide at about 220°C and 820 atmos-
pheres has been worked out and is more satisfactory for the preparation of ethyleneurea than
the use of chlorethyl carbonate or urea and better than the reaction of acetic anhydride and
ethylenediamine to yield N,N'-dlacetyl-ethylenediamine which can be treated in a way similar
to the above to yield Halelte.
Ethyleneurea is very easily nitrated, with strong nitric acid (98$), nt ordinary temperature,
and in a very short time, and the dlnitroetbyleneurea produced appears ... ..jdrolyze, yielding
Halelte, Immediately after solution In water at 95°C. Doth the nitration and hydrcly-ts are
practically quantitative.
Origin:
First described in 1877 by Franchimont and KLotbie (Rec trav chim 7, 1" and 244) but it
was 1935 before its value as an explosive was recognized. Standardized during World War II
as a military explosive.
Destruction by Chemical Decomioeition:
Halelte is decomposed by addition to hot, dilute sulfuric acid. Nitrous oxide, acetalde-
hyde and rthyxene glycol are evolved. Halelte is also decomposed by addition to 5 times its
weight of 20^ sodium hydroxide.
References:33
(a) L. C. Smith and E. G. Eyster, Physical Testing of Explosives, Part III - Miscellaneous
Sensitivity Tests; Performance Tests, OSRD Report No. 574b, 27 December 1945.
(t)	Report АС-2983/Org Ex 179-
(c)	D. P. MacDougall, Methods of Physical Testing, OSRD Report No. 803, 11 August 1942.
(d)	L. C. Smith and S. R. Walton, A Consideration of RDX/Wax Mixtures as a Substitute for
Tetryl in Boosters, NOL Memo 10,303, 15 June 1949.
(e)	R. J. Finkelstein and G. Ganiev, Theory of the Detonation Process, NAVORD Report !io.
90-46, 20 April 1947.
(f)	M. A. Cook and M. Taylor Abbag, "Isothermal Decomposition of Explosives." University
of Utah, Ind Eng Chem (June 1956) pp. 1090-1095-
33,.ee footnot- -, page 10.
154
Halelte (Ethylene Dinitramine) (ЕГНА)
AMCP 706*177
(ь) Also see the following Picatlnny Arsenal Technical Repores on								Halelte:	
0	1	2	2	1	2	6	7	8	2
1200	1231	1162	1113	111	1255	786	897	1198	1279
1290	1151	1232	1193	1291	1325	1796	1737	1288	1319
1360	1651	1252	1923	1131	1395		1797	1378	1379
1380		1352			1885		1937	1388	1169
1100		1372						1838	1189
1600									2179
155
AMCP 706-177
НВХ-1
% RDX	*Ю TUT	38 Aluminum	17 D-2 Wax	5 Calcium Chloride, added	O.J C/H Rotio	Mehcoisr Weight:	102
	Oxygen Baleace; CO, %	.68 CO %	-35
	Density: gm/cc	де	j.72
	MeMag Print: *C
	Pressing Point: *C
*	• * if— BBOpWo	p • Bureau of Mines ilpporotus, cm Sample Wt 20 mg Picatinny Arsenal Apparatus, In. 16 Sample Wt, mg	21	Bolling Point: *C
	Refractive Index, nJ Пи n°
Friction Pendnioni Teet: (b) Steel Shoe	Unaffected Fiber Shoe	—	Vocosm StobiRty Test:	(a, b) cc/40 Hrs, at 90"C	—— 100’C	0Л7 120-C	0.98 I35’C	—— !50*C	11+
Bitie Ballet Impact Test:	Trials	(b) % Explosions	73 Partials Burned Unaffected	28	
	200 Grom Bomb Send Test: Sand, gm	48.1
Expiesiea Tempesotote:	*C (a) Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) — 1 5	WO 10 15 20	<►-- _e-.e e.	s r.l	_ MMHSBWTwf WW BIBWBVnVOOe Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate	.... Lead Azide	0.20 Tetryl	0.10
	Ballistic Mester, % TNT:	(d)	133
	Trees! Test, % TNT:
7S*C Intesnath.	at Teat: % Loss In 48 t _ •	
	Plate Dent Test: Method Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisonce, % TNT
100’C Meat Test:	(b) % Loss, ht 48 Hrs	0.058 % Loes. 2nd 48 Hrs	0.00 Explosion in 100 Hrs	none	
	Detonation Rate:	(s, b) Confinement	None Condition	Cast Chorga Diameter, in.	1.0 Density, gm/cc	I.69 Rote, meters/sscond	7221*
Flammability Index:	
Hygroscopicity: % 30°C, 9% RH, 7 days	2.98 7-°C, 95t RH, 7 days	1.13	
v V^^VBSWy •	
156
НВХ-1
АМСР 706-177
двивт1тИу В Mve	(c)	0*сфм^м1Н*11 ЦмНм:
Condition	Cast	Oxygen, atoms/sec
Tetryl, gm	100 1-25	(Z/soc) Hoot, kilocalorie/mole
Wax, in. for 50% Detonotion		(AH, kca mol)
Wqx, 9m		Temperature Range, °C
Density, gm/cc	1-73	Phase
Hosp of: Combustion, cal/gm	(b) 3862	Armor Mete Impact Tost:
Explosion, cal/gm	919	M mm Mortar Projectile:
Gas Valumo, cc/gm		50% Inert, Velocity, ft/sec
Formation, cal/gm	758	Aluminum Fineness
Fusion, cal/gm Т8°С	9-25	*M-lb General Purpose Bombs:
Specific Hoof: col/gm/°C	(b)	
30°r	0.249	Plate Thickness, inches
50°c	0.264	1 Hi
		|i/,.
		l*i
Btwoiag Rato:		
cm/soc		Bomb Drop Test:
Thermol Conductivity:	(b)	,	T7, 20004b Semi Armor-Piercing Bomb vs Concrete:
cal/soc/cm/*C 35°C	0.97 x 1O'J	
Coefficient of Expaasisc:	(b)	Max Safe Drop, ft
Linear, ДХЛпсЬ 0°C 35°C	46 x lO'j* 95 x 10"	5004b General Purpose Bomb vs Concrete:
70°C	159 x 10*4	Height, ft
		T rials
Hardness, Mohs' Scale:		Unaffected
Young's Modulus:		Low Order
	(b)	
E', dynos/cm’	9	High Order
	10.3 X 10	
E, lb/inch’	1.49 x 10",	1000-lb General Purpose Bomb vs Concrete:
Density, gm/cc	1.69	Height, ft
		
Compressive Strength: Ib/inch1	See below	Triols
		Unaffected
Vapor Pressure: *C	mm Mercury Compressive Strength: lt/lnch2 Density, gm/cc	(b) 1303 1.69	Low Order High Order
		
Ultimate deformation, %	1.3s	
157
АМСР 706-177
НВХ-1
FragssoataHon Тай:	(ь) 90 mm Ml. М71 Projectile, Let EGS-1-17: Density, o>'r>/cc Charge Wt, lb Total Me. «f Frogmeats: For Composition В	996 For Subject HE	910 For 80/20 Tritonal	616 3 tach HI, M42A1 FielecMe, let KC-J: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb Total No. of Fregmeats: For TNT For Subject HE	Sbopod Charge IffecHvenees, TNT = 100: Gloss Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Color:	Cray
	Principal Uses:	HE charge
	Method el Loading:	Cast
	Loading Deeoity: gm/cc	1.69
Fragment Velocity: ft/sec At 9 ft At 25% ft Density, gm/cc	
	Method	Dry Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance)	Class	9 Compatibility Group	Group	I Exudation	None
Meet (Relative to TNT):	(a) Ain 3*25" dlaaeter sphere Pock Pressure A pel Catenary	21».7 Impulse	KFOC	19.6 Energy Air, Coeftaed: Impulse Under Water: Peek Pressure Impulse Energy Underground: Peek Pressure Impulse Energy 1	
	
158
нвх-з
АМСР 706-177
СмпрмЖм: %	Molecular Weight:	61»
RDX	31 TNT	29	Oxygon Beience: CO, %	.75 CO %	.1*9
D-2 Wax	5	Density: gm/cc	Cent	1.8U
Calcium Chloride, added	0. 5	Moiling Point: C
C/H Ratio	Freexlng Feint: °C
Impact Sensitivity, 2 Kg Wt: Bureau of Mines Apparatus, cm Sample Wt 20 mg Picatinny Arsenal Apparatus, in.	15 Sample Wr, mg	23	Boiling Point: °C
	Refrecthrs Index, nJ Пд П&
Friction Pendulum Test: Steel Shoe	Unaffected Fiber S’ ’e	---	•	Vacuum Stability Toot:	(a,	b) cc/40 Hrs, ot 90°C	.... 100°С	0.U5 120°C 135°C I5O*C
Rifle Ballet Imprxt Test: Trials	(b) % Explosions	78 Partials	
Burned Unaffected	22	200 Gram Bomb Send Tost:	(b) Sand, gm	LU.9
tiplesion Temperature:	°C	(a) Seconds, 0.1 (no cop used)	—- 1 5	500 10 15 20	la » Sa.t_«r		 •МЮТПТЯу fw BVwVWnJ Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide	0.20 Tetryl	0.10
	BoKisflc Mortar, % TNT:	(d)	111
	Trenal Test, % TNT:
7S°C Intometianel Heat Test: % Loss in 48 Hrs	
	Piste Dent Test: Method
10VC Heat Tost:	(b) % Loss. 1st 48 Hrs	0-70 % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs	0.00 Explosion in 100 Hrs	None	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisonce, % TNT
	Oeteaetioa Rote:	(a, b) Confinement	None Condition	Cast Chorge Diameter, in.	1.0
Flammability Index:	
Hyg.nscopicity: % 30°C, 95* RH. 7 days	2.01 (b)	71°C, 95^ RH. 7 days	0.31	
Volatility:	Density, gm/cc	1.81 Rote, meters/second	6917	|
159
АМСР 706-177
нвх-з
Beeeter Sensitivity Test: Condition Tetryl, gm Wox, in. for 50% Detonotion Wox, gm Density, gm/cc		Oxygen, ctoms/soc (Z/sec) Hoot, kilocolorie/mole (AH, kcol/moi) Temperature Range, °C Phase
Heat of: Combustion, cal/gm Explosion, cal/gm Gas Velum*, cc/gm Formation, cal/gm Fusion, col/gm	(b) 4495 877 491 9-30	Armor Plots Impact Tost: M mm Mortar Profoctile: 50% Inert, Velocity, ft/sec Aluminum Fineness SOO-lb General Purpose Bembs:
Specific Hunt: ccl/gm/'C 30°C	0.254	Plots Thickness, inches
50rc	0.254	1 14 I'A
Berning Rote:		
cm/scc		Bomb Drop Tost:
o	%^peovc*en^^r• col/soc/cm/'C 35°C	0>) -3 1.70 x 10 3	T7, 2000-b Somi-Armor-Piercing Bomb vs Cowcrafw:
Coefficient of Expo mien: Linear, A i /1 nch 0°C 35°C 70°C	(bj 40 x lo'^ 8’ x 10*4 130 x 10"	Max Safe Drop, ft SOO-й General Purpose Bomb vs Concrats: Height, ft Trials Unaffected
Hardness, Mobs' Scale:		
Young's Modulus: E', dynes/cm’ E, Ib/inch’ Density, gm/cc	(b) 11.5 x 109 1.67 X 105 1.81	Low Order High Order 1000-lb General Purpose Bomb VS Concrete: Height, ft Trials Unaffected
Compressive Strength: Ib/inch’	See below	
Vapor Pressure: 'C	mm Mercury L_-Uffiresslye. strength: Ib/inch^	1/10	Low Order High Order
Dens.ty, .-n/cc Ultimate deformation, ,6	1.61 1.37	
АМС?7Си-177
M MM Nt, МУ1 Projectile, La* BGS-1-17: Demity, gm/cc Chorga Wt, lb Tetel Na. of Frogman**: For Oospoeltlon В	993 Frr Subject HE	Wo F"- 8o/2O Tritonal	616 1 tach Ht, M43AI Projoctita, La* KC-S: Damity, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb Total Na. of Frogaaeah: FcrTNT For Subject HE	Shaped Charge Iffoctiveaea*. TNT = 100: Gio** Cone* Steel Corm Hole Volume Ной Depth
	Color:	Gre?
	Principal Uae*:	HE charge
	Method of Leadtag:	Caat
	Loadtag Deealty: gm/cc	1-81
Fragment Vetadty: ft/мс At 9 ft At 254 ft Damity, gm/cc	
	Method	Dry Hazard 2km (Quantity-Distance)	Claae	9 Compatibility Group	Group	I Exudation	Hone
Bleat (Rotative te TNT):	(a) Ain 3-25" diameter ephere Rook Ргемиге Д pal Catenary	25.3 Impuhe	KFOC Pendulum	20.6 Cnergy Air, Confined: Imp-jho Under Water: Peek Preuure Impulse Energy Peak Ртамиго Impuhe Energy	
	
161
АМСР 7С6-177
НВХ-1; НВХ-3
ЧЪе Stability of НВХ Coapoaitions Made With and
Without beiiccanti and Containing Added Moisture *
Explosive Coaposit ion	Moisture, 1 i	Acidity,	100wC Vac Stab Test		Hygroscopicity, % $5% ta	
			cc gae	Hours		
					30°C	71°C
I • : Standard HBX-1	0.73	0.011	0.47	40	+2.98	+1.13
+0.2% moisture			0.68	4o		
+0.4% moiature			0.62	40		
+0.6% mole cure	t	I	0.50	40		
HBX-1 without CaCL,	0.00	0.029	0.36	40	-0.06	-O.25
+0.2% moiature			0.25	40		
+0.4% moiature			0.23	40		
+0.6% moiature			0.27	40		
HBX-1 with silica gel	0.06	0.031	0.73	40	+0.08	+0.0U
Standard HBX-3	0.54	0.012	0.45	40	+2.01	+0.31
+0.2% moiature			0.47	40		
+0.4% moiature			0.43	40		
+0.6% moiature			0.41	40		
HBX-3 without СаСЪ,	0.02	0.049	0.46	40	-0.06	-0.29
+0.2% moisture			0.26	40		
+0.4% moiature			0.26	40		
+0.6% moiature			0.20	40		
HBX-3 vith silica gel	0.04	0.100	0.45	40	+0.09	+0.05
Standard 3-6	0.71	0.017	0.47	40	+2.01	+1-77
+d.2% moiature			0.88	40		
+0.4% moisture			O.63	40		
+0.6% moisture			0.65	40		
H-6 without CaCl„	0.03	0.082	о.ьо	40	-0.06	-0.25
+0.2% moisture			0.10	40		
+0.4% moisture			j.25	40		
+0.6% moisture			0.23	40		
H-6 with silica gel	0.05	0.028	0.43	40	+0.09	+0.06
* All samnlee were ground to 20/100 meah size, 7 daya before teata. Silica gel used wee
Fisher 'ientific Cwnpany, Lot 541492, through 100 meah U. S. Standard Sieve.
I<i2
AMCP 706-177
HBX-l; HBX-3
Preparation:
HBX explosive mixtures are prepared by melting TNT in a stearn-Jaeketed melt kettle equipped
with a mechanical stirrer. Water-wet ! JX is added slowly with stirring and heating until all
the water ie evaporated. Aluminum is added, and the composition is stirred until uniform.
D-2 wax and calcium chloride are then added. The desensitizer wax, also known as Composition
D-2, consists of ОДС paraffin and other waxes, 1U^ nitrocellulose and 2$ lecithin. The mixture
is cooled from approximately 95° to 100°C to a temperature considered suitable for casting
(the lowest practicable pour temperature). HBX can also be made by adding the calculated
amount of TNT to Composition В to outain the desired proportion of RDX/TNT. The appropriate
weights of the other ingredients are added to complete the mixture.
Origin:
Developed during World War II, as relatively insensitive mixtures, by adding 5^ desensiti-
zer to Toroex II, for high blast explosive applications.
References: 34
(а)	о. E. Sheffield, Blast Properties of Explosives Containing Aluminum or Other ;>tal
Additives, PATR No. 2353, November 1956.
(b)	S. D. Stein, G. J. Horvat end о. E. Sheffield, Some Properties and Characteristics
of HBX-l, HBX-3 and H-б, PATR No. 2U31, June 1957-
(c)	L. C. Smitn and S. R. Walton, A Consideration of RDX/WAx Mixtures as a Substitute for
Tetryl in Boosters, NOL Memo. 10,303, 15 June 19*»9-
(d)	S. R. Whlton, Reno^t on the Program to Develop an Improved HBX-Tvpe Explosive, HAVORD
Report No. 1502, 26 July 19$0.
(e)	A. W. O'Brien, Jr., C. W. Plunmer, R. P. Woodburn and V. Philipchuk, Detonation
Velocity Determinations and Fragment Velocity Letermlnatlons of Varied Explosive ^sterna
and Conditions, national Northern Corporation Final Summary Report NNC-F-13, February 1956
(tontract lAl-19-O20-5Ol-ORD-(P)-59).
xi') Also see the following Picatinny Arsenal Technical Renerts on HBX Explosives: 1756,
2138, 2169.
footnote I, page 10.
1G3
АМСР 706-177
HEX-24
CeetpeBiMo** % Potassium Perchlorate	32 (17 microns) Aluminum, atomized	48 (20 microns) RDX (througn 325 meeh)	16 Asphaltum (through 100 mean)	4 C/H Ratio	Molecular Weight:	47.6
	Oxygee Beieoce: CO: %	-42 CO %	-34
	к?9
	Molting Feint: °C
	Froesing Feint: °C
Impact Sensitivity, 2 Kg Wt: Bureau of Mines Apparatus, cm Sample Wt 20 mg Picatinny Arsenal Apparatus, in.	16 Sample Wt, mg	24	Bolling Feint: °C
	Refractive Index. nJ Пи nS
*-* 	 	вот^ИМИИ 0• Steel Shoe	Detonates Fiber Shoe	UnaJi'cted Rifle Ballot Impoct Test: Trials % Explosions Portials Burned Unaffected	Vacuum StabiBty Test: cc/40 Hrs, ot 90’C	—- ioo°c	1.25 I2O°C I35°C 150°C
	200 Grom Bomb Sand Test: Sand, gm	12.5
Explosion Temperature:	°C Seconds, 0.1 v " a used) — 1 5	520 10 IS 20	SensFiaity to Inrtiaeioa: Minin... Detorat ng Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide	0-20 Tetryl	0.25
	Ballistic Mortar, % THT:
	Treexl Test, % THT:
7S*C International Meet Test: * Lou in 46 Hrs	
	Fiet*. Dent Tost: Method Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
100 °C Hoot Test: % Lou, ‘.st 48 Hrs	0.13 % Lou, 2nd 46 Hrs	0.00 Explosion in 100 Hrs	rone	
	Dttoaorion Rett; Confinement Condition Charge Diameter, in. Density, gm/cc Rote, meters/second
Flammability lodes:	
Hygroscopicity: %	:ione	
VotatiU/;	
164
HEX-21*
АМСР 706-177
Frogase^fetie^t ^Test: Им HE, M71 ЬфсНЕ*. Let WC-91: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, la Total He. ef Fregmentt: For TNT For Subject HE 3 inch HE, M42A1 FrejecHto, let XC-S: density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb Tetei Ne. of Frngmnnts: For TNT For Subject HE	Shaped Charge Itfectiveaesa, TNT = 100: Glass Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Color:	Gray
	Principal Uses: HE filler for small caliber projectiles
	Method ef Loodhg:	Pressed
	Leading Density: gm/cc Pressed at 20,000 psi	2.1
FragsMOt Velocity: ft/sec At 9 ft At 25% ft Density, gm/cc	
	(Далаал, Method	Dry Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance) Compatibility Group Exudation	None
Moot (Relative to TNT): Air: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Air, Confined: Impulse Under Water: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Uedsrgreand: Peak Pressure Impulse Enarav	
	S-etlc Tests: 20 дп T215E1 Projectile; pA Peak Pressure, psi	55 NFOC 20" Blast Cube	U* APG 2U” Blest Cube	U* Static Tests; 20 mm M97 Projectile; HEX-24 Tritonal Toгрех Foxboro psi	1$	12.U	13.0 Catenary psi	1*6	--—	—- Ikiration, mlcrosec	533	----	.... APG 21*" Blast	Cube	36	21*	32 Heat of: Combustion, cal/gm	1*197 Explosion, cal/gm	1856 Gas volume, cc/gm	159
Flame Temperature, °K	2552 Activation Energy, kcal	20.1» Temp, °C	1*50 to 570 Specific reaction rate, к	1.61» x 10'5	
165
AMCP 706-177
HEX-UI
% Potaeslum Perchlorate	32 (17 ml crone) Aluminum, flaked (1 micron)	U8 RDX (through 325 mesh)	16 Aephaltum (through 100	mesh)	h C/H i\?tio	Molecular Weight:	47. L
	Oxygen Balance: CO. %	-L2 CO %	-з1*
	
	Melting Feint: °C
	Framing Point: °C
Impact Sensitivity, 2 Kg Wt: Buroov of Mines Apporotus, cm Sample Wt 20 mg Picotinny Arsenal Apparatus, in. Sample Wt, mg	Boiling Point: °C
	Refractive Index, n° П»
Friction Pendohim Test: Steel Shoe	Partially detonates Fiber Shoe	Unaffected	Vacuum Stability Test: cc/40 Hrs, at 90°C	—- 100’C	1.52 120C I35°C I5O°C
Rifle Bullet Impact Test: Trials % Explosions Partials Burned Unaffected	
	200 Gram Bomb Sand Teet: Sand, gm	23-7
Explosion Temperature:	C Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) 	 1 5	51*5 10 IS 20	Sensitivity to IniriaHoa: Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate	---- Lead Azide	0*20 Tetryl	0.25
	Ballistic Mortar, % TNT:
	Trauxl Teat, % TNT:
7S°C lotereetioMl Hect Test: % Loss in 48 Hrs	
	Plate Dent Test: Method Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Bnsonce, % TNT
100°C Heat Test: % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion in 100 H rs	
	Detonation Rate: Confinement Condition Charge Diameter, in Density, gm/cc Rote, meters/second
Flammability Index:	
Hygroscopicity: %	
VoietiliJy:	
lliti
НЕл-W
AMCP 706-177
Fragmentation T*«t: 90 mm HE, M71 Projectile, Let WC-91: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb Total No. of Fragment,: For TNT For Subject HE 3 inch HE, M42A1 Projectile, Lot KC-5: Density, gm/cc Chorge Wt, lb Total No. of Fragments: For TNT For Subj^.t HE	Shaped Charge Fftactivenaos, TNT = 100: Glass Cones Steel Cones Hol* Volume Hole Depth
	Color	Grny
	Principol Uses: HE filler for snail caliber projectiles
	Method of Loodtag:	Pressed
	Loading Density: gm/cc Pressed at 20,000	1.62
Fragment Velocity: ft/sec At 9 ft At 25>4 ft Density, gm/cc	
	Storage: Method	Dry Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance) Compatibility Group Exudation	None
Blast (Rotative to TNT): Alt: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Air, Confined: Impulse Under Water: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Underground: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy ? lame lempera^ . T, 1 7 & • 1 0;, ; : er , й-Ю I	25»” .e:np.	•• ,0 •,<> •• ‘0 ‘pec i ? •- геб'Г i  >:, re •к	-x. x P	
	Static Tests: 20 mm T215E1 Projectile: PA Peak Pressure, psi	77 ГРОС 2C" Blest Cube	k5 APG 2k" Blast Cube	12 Stetlc Tests: 20 шт M97 Projectile: HEX-kr.	Tin	Tetryl Fos'coro psi	17-3	2.8	3- 5 Catenary psi	кз	2з	2Й duration, ndcrosec	517	5^0	530 APT 2k" Blast Cute 29		 10 uea-. ji: ;om. *sMot.* cal	**1г-) Lxpl js :	. cal t-y.	1'35 ,ae ’,'gL .me, '-c	200
167
АМСР 706-177
НЕХ-48
Cook-Off Tests; (с)
20 мд Т215Е1 HEX-48 Loaded Project Пев with Ifre-Ccsted RDX Top-Off
	Projectile No.	Cut-Off Temp. °C	Cook-Off		
	1 2 3 4	170 150 155 150 to 175	Yes (198) No Yes (190) No		
national northern Projectile Load:					
	j M0X-2B (no top-off)	( I M0X-2B (Tetryl top-off)	| j M0X-2B (97/3» RDX/wax top-off) j MOX-2 (no top-off)		195 | 150	' 175 ; 175 '		
Fragment Penetration Tests;	(c)					
1		1	Avg. No.	of Penetrations per	
j		1	Round	in Zone 65°-130°	
j Projectile	Filler	Altitude, Feet Г" j	0.020"	0.040"	0.051"
j T215E1 1 1	HEX-48	Ground 60,000	35^ 676	264	282 ; 380
T282EL	MDX-2B 	Ground 60,000	634 807	290 367	235 250
EX8 Mod 0	M0X-2B	Ground 60,000	476 672	268 264	224 256
lhe fragment penetration teat records numbers of complete penetrations of aluminum panels
of various thicknesses at 2.5 feet from the static detonation. The total penetrations recorded
on the 24ST-3 aluminum panels occurred vith the projectile nose always pointed toward C° and
the base toward 180°.
The test data indicate that on the thicker panel*, 0.o4o" and 0.051," the HEX-48 loaded
T215E1 projectile produced mora comple e fragment penetrrtions at ground and altitude than
M0X-2B loaded T282E1 and EX8 Mod 0 projectiles.
168
АМСР 706-177
HEX-21*; HEX-48
Preparation;
П>е HEX compositions were prepared by blending the appropriate weight of the dry ingredients
in a Patterson-Kelly twin-shell blender for at least 30 minutes.
..n alternate procedure for 100 to 200 gram batches used a "Cradle-Roll" mixing device.
Bds device consisted of a half-barrel type container constructed of wood and lined with an
electrical conductive material. A plastic roll was allowed to move over the Ingredients by
remote control action of the container. The roll action prevented caking of the mix but had
no adverse effect on the particle size of the ingradients, lhe period of time required to
obtained a uniform and intimate mixture was approximately fifteen minute».
Origin:
Hie development of "slow-burning" explosive mixtures which would produce Increased blast
effects in enclosed or nearly enclosed spaces directed attention to their use for possible
military application. In 1950 Plcatlnny Arsenal developed a high capacity filler for 20mm
projectiles consisting of 85/10/5 RDX/alumlnum/deeeneltizer which was more powerful than stan-
dard tetryl filler. However, In comparison vith MOX type explosives, there was little doubt
as to th superior performance of the MOX sdxture. HEX (higu ?”ergy e^losive) mixtures were
developed at Plcatlnny Arsenal In 1953 (Ref a) as superior hlgK bx»t compositions suitable
for use In small caliber projectlies.
References; 33
(a)	0. E. Sheffield and E. J. Murray, Development of Explosives"' Metallized Explosives—
High Blast Fillers for Shell Caliber Shell, Plcatlnny Arsen 1 Memorandum Report No. MR-49,
21 December 1ф$3.
(b)	0. E. Sheffield, Properties of MOX-Туре Explosive Mixtures, PAIR No. 2205, October
1-955-
(c)	National Northern Corporation, Le> er from Dr. С. M. Saffer, Jr., to Commanding
Officer, Plcatlnny Arsenal, 12 June 195’i
^See footnote 1, pege 10.
169
АМСР 706-177
2,4,i.,2' ,L' .о' -Неха::1 tro-oxat:i II de (: v! )
С от position: C	33-0	J	c 1	i H	1.2	NH	NH N 21.9	C’’’TZ| ' 0	1*3-9	X/'	X.X C/H Ratio 0.797	NO,	No,	Molecular Weight:
	Oxygen lelence: CO; %	-53-4 CO %	- v>.4
	Density: gm/cc
	Melting Point: C Decomposes 302
	Freexing Point: C
Impact Sensitivity, 2 Kg Wt: Bureau of Mines Apparatus, cm Sample Wt 20 mg Picotinny Arsenal Apparatus, in 15 Sample Wt, mg	12	Boiling Point: ’C
	Refractive Index, nJS nM
Friction Pendulum Test: Steel Shoe	Unaffected Fiber Shoe	U..affected	Vacuum Stability Tost: cc/40 Hrs, at 90 °C loO'C	o.Lo 120 C 135-C 150 C
Rifle Ballet Impact Test: Trials % Explosions Partials Burned Unaffected	
	200 Grom Bomb Send Toil: Sand, gm	52.1
Explosion Temperature:	°C Seconds, 0 1 (no cop used) 5	334 10 15 20	Sensitivity to Initiation: Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide	0- 30 Tetryl	0.25
	Bollittic Mortar, % TNT:
	Trouxl Test, % TMT:
75‘C Interactional Heat Tost: % Loss in 48 Hrs	
	Plate Dent Test: Method Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Bnsance, % TNT
10CC Hoot Test: % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs	0.07 % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs	0.05 Explosion in 100 Hrs	None	
	Detonation Rote: Confinement Condition Charge Diametet, in Density, gm/cc Rate, meiers/second
Flammability Index:	
Hygroscopicity: % ^°C, XT1, id:	0. . i	
Volatility:	
170
2,U,b,2'A',o’-Hexanltro-oxenilide (HNo)
AMCP 706-177
Fragmentation Tet 90 mm HI, M71 Projectile, Lot WC-9I: Density, gm/cc Chorge Wt, lb Total No. of Fragment!: For TNT For Subject HE 3 inch HE, M4J> 1 Projectile, Lot KC-5: Density, gr, 'zz Cho< -e Wt, b Total No. of Fmamento: For TNT For Subject HE	Shaped Cherge Effectiveness, TNT = 100: Glass Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Color:	Almost white
	Principal Urn: Igniter powder; pyrotechnic compositions
	Method of Loading: Pressed snd extruded
	Loading Density: gm/cc
Fragment Velocity: ft/sec At 9 ft At 25>4 ft Density, gm/cc	
	Storage: Method	Dry Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance)	Class	j Compatibility Group Exudation	None
Blatt (Relative to TNT): Air: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Air, Confined: Impulse Under Water: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Underground: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	
	
171
AMCP 706-177
2,4,б,2' ,4’ ,G' -Hexanitro-oxsoiilide (HNO)
Solubility In the following substances:
Solvent
Nitrobenzene Whiter Alcohol (Ethyl) Acetone Benzene Butyl acetate Carbon tetrachloride Dimethylformamide Ether (Ethyl) Acetic Acid Nitric Acid Crystalline form	<3 gm in 100 cc, at 23°C - 5 gm in 100 cc, at 210°C 0.10 gm in 100 cc, at 100°C Insoluble Insoluble Insoluble Insoluble Insoluble Very soluble Insoluble Insoluble Soluble Long rectangular glistening plates from nitrobenzene
Preparation:
To prepare hexanltro-oxanilide, first prepare tetranitro-oxanllide as described herein
under the entry ”2,4,2' ,4'-Tetranitro-oxanllide (ПЮ)."
A 1.5 liter round bottom flask is equipped with a stirrer of the type which causes a down-
ward swirl, ihe flask Is Jacketed for hot and cold water. 187 grams of nitric acid of speci-
fic gravity 1.49 (comaercial grade) is placed into the flask and 100 grams of sulphuric acid
is added to the nitric acid under agitation. T:.e mixed acid Is cooled to 10°C. 29.2 grama of
tetranitro-oxanllide Is slowly added to the mixed acid under rapid agitation maintaining the
temperature at 8°-10°C. After the addition of the MG is completed (approximately 25 minutes)
the temperature is raised to 85°C over a period of 2 hours and held at 85°-9O°C for one hour.
Ihe hexanltro-oxanilide (HNO) "slurry" is filtered on a Juchrer funnel and purified as ex-
plained under "Tetranitro-oxanllide."
Origin;
A. 0. Perkin In 1892 obtained hexanltro-oxanilide directly by heating to boiling a solution
of tetranitro-oxanllide in a mixture of sulfuric and nitric acids. He also prepared the same
compound from oxanillde by the action of a boiling mixture ~>t fuming nitric and sulfuric acids
(J Chem Soc. 61, 462 (1892)).
References: 36
(a)	L. Gowen and R. Dwlggens, Case Cun Ignition Studies, NA.VOFLD Report No. 2321, 13 June
1952.
(b)	D. Dubrow and J. Kristai, Substitution of Tetranitro Oxanillde and Hexanitro Oxanillde
for Tetranitro Carbazole, PA Pyrotechnic Research laboratory ftepoi-t 54-TF1-S3, 20 December 19$U.
(c)	S. Livingston, Preparation o; Tetianitro Carbazole PA Cr.eulcsl Reb-utcu Laboratcr
Report 136,330, 11 April 1651.
(d)	S. Livingston, Development of Improved Ignition Type Powders, PATR No. 226/, July 19 6.
36s ее footnote I, page 10.
172
beta-НИХ (e)
АМСР 706-177
Самрмтея: tt.	JL 2	Mohetfr' Weight: (^HgNgOg) 296
с 16.2	o.x-n ^‘и-мо, 2 1	f	3 И	2.7	H2(J	СН„	Oxygon Btleeca: CO. %	.21.6 CO %	0.0
ь 5Г.9	о2к-»^^-»-"ог	Density: gm/cc	Crystal	1.90
О из-2	®2	MetHag 9ЛЛ^С 2»₽1и^ “thod £□ Keffer Micro Hot Sta« 2ВО
C/H Robo 0.095	Freeaieg Feint: *C
hapaet SeaMefcy. Я Kg Wt: Buraou of Mines Apparatus, ст 32 Sompta Wt 20 mg Pitotinny Arsenal Apporotus, in. 9 Sample Wt, mg	23	BoMag Pelat: *C
	RefcecHve Index, nb Пп гё
McHm FmMm Tut Steel Shoa	Explodea Fiber Shoe	Unaffected	Vecaam StabOky Teat: cc/40 n>; ot WC 100’C	0.3г I2O’C	0Л5 I35*C I5O"C	0.62
*Ma Mht hnpoct Teat: Trials % Explosions Partials	
Burned Unaffected	200 баеаа BooA Sand Teat: Sand, gm	60Л
kpirrien ТсаарогеПм:	*C Seconds, 0.1	(no	cop used) 38O 1 5	327 10	306 IS	W ЮТаДВВ^^МВе Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Load Azide	0.30 Tetryl
20	BoMeNe Mortar, % THT:	150
	Trensl Tert, % TNT:	14$
% Loan in 48 Hrs	
	Hole Doot Tost: Method
100*C Moot Teat: % Loes, 1st 48 hrs	0.05 % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs	0.03 Explosion in 100 Hrs	Kone	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brito..;., % TNT
	Detonation Rota. Confinm^w
ГмаомЫСОу ledea:	
NygpMcepieftyt % 30°C, 9# RH	(c)	0.00	Charge Diameter, in. Density, gm/cc	l.SV Rate, meters/second	912U
	
173
АМСР 706-177
beta-НЮС
ВеееЬЙИОМИЬЬгО^ Teets vonumv. Tetryl, gm Wax. tot. for 504 DManotlon Wax, gm Density, gm/cc	Peeempeiltiee IgoeNeat	(el. Oxygen, otome/iec.	IO1’1' (Z/eec) Heat, kilocolorie/mol*	52.7 (AH, keol/mal) Temperature Range, *C	271-31*» Pho**	Liquid
Meet eft Combustion, col/gm	2Jb.' Expiation, cal/gm	(e)	1356 Go* Volume, cc/gm Formation, col/gm	(e)	-60.5 Futian, col/gm	Anna* Plata карам Test: 60 moi Metter Рга|ес1й*: 50% Inert, Velocity, ft/tec Aluminum Finan*** MOUbGeaetol Гогрове Boeebet Plate Thlckne**, inches 1 14
Specific Heet: cal/gm/‘C	Recryctellized (g) 2£ -T5	0.153	85	0.288 0	0.228	90	0.290 25	0.2b3	100	0.295 50	0.266	125	0-307 75	0.282	150	0.315	
Botaieg Koto: crn/tec	
	BeaA Orap Teet: T7, 2000-& Semi Areier Hei*feg Betnb n Ceetietei Max Sat* Drop, ft 9004b General Parpeee Веой «« Ceecmte: Height, ft Trial* Unaffected Low Order High Order '»wCi-й Geaerat Parpeee Beeeb va Cea crate: Height, ft Trial» Unaffeae.i Low Order High Order
Tkeraiel Cendocthrfcy: col/rac/cm/’C	
Linear, %/*C Volume, %/*C 1	
HttfeM, Make' Scotei	(e)	2.3	
Yaeep's MoMw: E', dyns»/cma E, Ib/inch' D»f,j'»y. gm/cc	
CfWtwebe Streegtk: Ib/irtch*	
Veper Preeeurat *C	mm Mercury	
	
17
beta-HMX
AMCP 706-177
NO,
Preparation: (b)
CH,— N— CHO
I 2	I 2
0_N — N	N — NO
2 I . L
NO2
Two men are required to regulate the addition of reagents and control the tenperatvjr* dur-
ing the initial stage addition; one arn can complete the procedure. A 1-11tar 5-necked flask
la used, the center neck for an efficient stirrer, one aide neck for a therncmter, and the
other песка for burrettes and a gaa outlet (to water trap). The flask la placed In a pan vith
steam and cold water inlets, for temperature control.
Five cc of acetic anhydride and 250 cc glacial acetic add are poured into the flack and
the temperature brought to **5 ♦ 1°C, and held there for the duration of the entire reaction.
The reagents (a solution of 33-6 gm hexamine in 55 gm of glacial acetic acid, 100 cc of ace-
tic anhydride ard **0 cc of a aolutlon of **2.3/57.7-assscml urn nitrete/960 nitric add) are then
added simultaneously, continuously and equivalently over a 25-minute period. The reaction
mixture la aged 15 minutea.
The aeoood atage reagents (6o cc of **2.3/57.7, ammonium nitrate/960 nitric add and 150 cc
acetic anhydride) are then added simultaneously, continuously and equivalently over a 25-min-
ute period. The mixture la aged 65 minutes, poured into 1.5 liter of water and simmered on a
bath for 12 hours. Cool, filter and dry the RDX-HMX precipitate (yield 730 НИХ).
The КПХ la destroyed, leaving HMX, as follows: 1025 gm of the crude product are placed in
a solution of 15 gm sodium tetraborate decahydrate in 5 liters of water, heated to boiling
vith agitation, and 5 Я ЯаСН added at the rate of 3 cc/min. When about 730 cc have been added
the рЯ increases sharply from a little over 8.7 to over 9.7 which corresponds to complete
destruction of the 4D1. Filter th< HMX free the hot mixture; yield 612 gm, вф 279.5°-2бО.5°С.
Recrystallization from nitromethane yields material belting at 261°-282°C.
Origin;
Wes discovered as an impurity (by-product) in the nitration or hexamethylene-tetrumins to
form REX. It is now manufactured directly bythe procass described above and has valuable use
in exj,-l<y_ve systems.
Removal of RDX from HKX-°PX Mixtures and Recovery of a RDX-HMX Mixture (This procedure appears
suitable for use vith ndxtu-es containing 800 or more НИХ);
175
АМСР 706-177
beta-HMX
Procedure;
500 grama of HMT containing 12.25$ RDX are plant d in a 1500 cc beaker, 500 co of acetone
la added and the Blurry la agitated for eeveral minutes at room teqerature. Before co^leta
settling, the j^DX-HMX-acctonu solution is decanted.
To the residual HMX-RDX, another 500 cc of acetone is added. The slurry is heated ou the
steeabath and while tolllag, agitated for several nlnutes. The boiling RDX-HMX-acctone solu-
tion is decanted. The residual НИХ is now washed with cold aceto* >e 11 to a funnel. This HMX
is now taken up in 95$ alcohol, filtered and dried. Yield 353-9 gm or 70.7®$.
All the acetone extracts are combined and evaporated to dryness. Yield 137-5 В» or 26.%.
Yield Balance;
Pure HMX Obtained - 353-9 gm
Total RDX-HMX mixture recovered -
1ЭТ-5 SB
Sables taken during process -
2.1» gn
boss during process
70-78$
26.5O5C
O.A8$
2.2A$
Total
100.00$
Various satples were analysed for RXD content;
1.	Crude BCC
2.	After first acetone washing
3.	After second acetone washing
A. After third acetone washing
RDX-Btt sample recovered
12.25$ RDX
6.0$ RDX
2.0$ RHC
O.Oi F4
5b. 5$ RDX
Prepsuration of ' ine Particle-site HMX by the Aspirator jfethod;
1.	Diesel'e 1100 gm HMX in AAOO cc of dimethyl sulfoxide.
2.	Piiter the HMX solution,
3.	Connect a clean aspirator to the water line.
A. Place a 55 gallon clean drum under the aspirator.
5.	Pseten a polyethylene tubing, long enough to reach easily to the bottom of the ШХ-
dismthyl sulfoxide eontzlner, to the side Intake of v^a aspirator.
6.	fasten to the boctorn of tha aspirator another polyethy. ene tube long enough to reach
to the bottom of the 55 gallon drum.
7.	Open the water ftuicet and then place the polyethylene tube in the HMX container.
3. ’.’bite aLlij- fine HMX separates out in the drum. Total duration of run is approximately
7 ‘xiautes.
9.	After all the HMX solution la sucked out of the container, the • .ter is turned off.
10.	The materiel ic filtered and water washed.
11.	If dry HMX is required, the material < n be alcohol and ether washed.
A more efficient method to recover the RDX-HMX mixture;
1. Filter the combined hot acetone extracts.
2. Pour while agitating the filtered extracts into at least A times its volume of water.
3> Filter and dry, etc.
176
beta-Bg
АМСР темп
Oulor:
White
Storage;
Method	ixy
Retard (Яма (Quauf ty-Dlatance)	(Дам	9
Co^wtlbility	Group	Group	1	(dry)
Group M (wt)
Exudation	Hana
Refarencea;37
(i) 0. E. Sheffield, E. J. Mxrrey, A. L. Roaen and B. W. Khnouae, Properties of Bg, PA
ОинХза! Research Laboratory Report Bo. 52-0:1.-23, T April 1952.
(b)	W. E. Bantaann, The Preparation of Bg, OSRD Report Ifo. 1961» 3 Rcveabar 19*3-
(c)	S. Livingaton, Character! a tica of Eaploalvea Bg ind ДШН, PAIR Bo. 1561, 6 September
19*5.
(d)	R. J. Hnkelatein and G. Gaanv, iheory of the Datenation Proceaa, MAVORD Report Bo.
9O-*6, 20 April 19*7.	
(a) 0. H. Johnsen, Bg aa a Military Explneive, KAVORD Report Во. АЗП, 1 October 1956.
(f) Alao nee the following Plcatlnny Areenal Technical Report! on Bg:
15*12
17*1	2103	2016	1737	1709
2059
(g) C. Len&lta, W. Beach and R< Vallcky, Enthalpy Changea, Heat of Fuaion and Specific
Heat of Beale ExploaiTee, PAIR Ho. 250*, January 1959.
footnote 1, page 10.
177
AMCP 706-177
НЧА-З
% нмх 1 ткт		VB^BWo	91
	49 29	Oxygon Вашем: COr % co %	-5’ -27 -
Alusinua	22	Density: gm/cc	Cast	1.90	
		Making Paint: *C	
C/H Rotio		Fraoakig Point: *C	
Impact ТемНгку, 1 Kg Wt: Bt-reou of Miras Ap^cratus, cm Sample Wt 20 mg Picatinny Arsenol Apparatus, In. Sample Wt, mg		ВеМпеММ: *C	
	17 25	RmI«cHv« iMboMp «1® fit# n£	
ГгКПЯ омВВввВВИв |*м< Steel Shoe Fiber Shoe	Unaffected Unaffected	▼Omw\*odB ^WEHty • еОво cc/-’0 Hrs, о» 90’C ’OO’C 120‘C 135‘C 150’C	
RNte Mht Impact Tact: lOTriols, $ 3/16" Steel Explosions	X) Portial»	1/8" Al 50		0.37
Burned	10 Unaffected	0	50	2M Яrem Bomb Seed Tea: Sand, gm	61.3
Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) 1 5 Паме erratically 10 '5 20	°C 370	»	Km -*»• *»	 AVKMWvBVy oTa inHwe^Rli Minirr um Detonating Charge, gm M< rcury Fulminate Load Aside Tetryl	0-30
		BoiBstic Mortar, % TNT:	120
		Tteool Tost, % TNT:	
71 ‘C hrtomotirssl Heat Teat: % Loss In 48 Hrs			
		Piets Dent Toot: Method	
100‘C Neat Teat- % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs % Loes, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion in 100 Hrs		Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT	
			
ЛеемевЫЙу Index:		D« MMlhNb Betas Confinement	None Test 1.0
Hygroscopicity: %		Condition Charge Diameter, in. Density, gm/cc Rote, meters/socond	
VotatiBty:			1.9C 7866
178
нтж-з
АМСР 706-177
^^МгЧ^М ИИИИТЯу lOMt
Condition
Tetryl, gm
Wax, In. for 50% Detonation
Wax, gm
Density, gm/cc
Oxygen, atoms/soc
(Z/ssc)
Meat, k-locnlorio/mole
UH, k»;/mol)
Temperature Range, *C
Phase
Hoot of:
Combustion, col/gm	З687
Expic Ion, col/gm	1190
Got Volume, cc/gm	-	660
Formation, col/gm	----
Fusion, col/gm
Specific Hit: col/gm/ ‘C
32э to 7UOC	0.21*5
Burning tto:
cm/see
imiwi Ъмвсшлпяу:
col/tec/cm/’C
Linear, %/‘C
Volume, %/*C
*J~L *----*—-
^VV^MBWf ^RVBBD еЮТМое
E', dynes/cm*
E, Ib/inch*
Density, gm/cc
Compressive Strueth t lb/inchu	22б0
;<-e below
Voper Piotwre:
'C	mm Mercury
Coopressiva Strength; lb/inch’
Average (i0 tests j
High
Low
2260
2530
1910
Ultimate Deformation; $
Average (10 tests)	2.61
High	3-22
_________________________________________ Low__________________________________________2.52
Test specimen 1/2" x 1/2" cylinder (epproxlmetely 3 gm) pressed at i tons (6,000 lb) total
load or 30.000 pel with a 2 minute tin* of dwel*.
Armor Hte Impact Test:
16 mm Metter PrafecHH:
50% Inert, Velocity, ft/sjc
Aluminum Fineness
)ФФ*1Ь вяяям! Pwpses
Plate Thickness, inches
1
14
H4
Hi
Bomb Drop Test:
T7, 3000-k Send Armor Piercing Bomb vs Concrete:
Max Safe Drop, ft
SINMb Sonoml Purpeco Bomb vs Concrete:
Height, ft
T rials
Unaffected
Low Order
High Order
10004 Gene.ei Purpose Bomb vs Generate:
Height, ft
Trials
Unaffected
Low Order
High Order
179
АМСР тлп
ета-з
М мм НЕ. МЛ ЬфсНМ, Lee WC-P1: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb	Shaped Charge EftaeNeeaess, TNT = IMt Glass Cones Steel Canes Hale Vohsne Hole Depth	
ml В Wwl	о^^^НЯ^МЮТмф Far TNT ForSutja^HE 1 ieeh HI. <M2A1 PtojaaMo. Lar KC-3: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb	Cotoet	Gray
	Prbdpal Uses: HE projectile and bomb	finer
Tefal Na. ef Frageteaio: For TNT Far Subject HE	Method of Laadtag:	Oast
	Leedhg Doaefty: gm/cc	1-90
Fragmeat Veiecby: ft/ser At» ft At 25ft ft Density, gm/cc		
	Method	bry
Meet (leMee u TNDi	Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance)	Claes 9
AM |	iSak Pressure Impulse Energy	Compatibility Group Exudation	Group I None
Ah, Cesfiead: Impulse Uodar Water: Peak Pressure	Work to Frclure Hu- u-e; .'t-lb/inch^	
	Average	;1G casts)	2-T High	3-39 Lav	2.UC Afflux VlecoeitSey iolt Seconds:	211.8
Energy		
Peak Pressure Impulse Energy		
	♦Test specimen 1/2" x 1/2" cylinder (epproxi* metely 3 gm) pressed at 3 tons (6,000 lb) total load or 30,000 psi vith a 2 minute time of dwell.	
’НО
AMCP 7Г1П
Modulua of Blaeticity: •
	Ib/inch4
Average	89,200
High	97,1*00
Low	:	76,300
* ttat aped мп 1/2" x 1/i” cylinder (approximately 3 8й) preased at 3 toon (6,000 lb)
total load or j),000 pal with a 2 ninuta tine of dwell.
Setback Senaitivity Teat:	(a)
Critical Preaaure	119,000 pal »
Density, gm/cc	1-92
* Preaaure below which no initiation la obtained and above which an increasing
percentage of initlationa can be expected aa the aetback preaaure increeaea.
Preparation:
Procedure aiailar to that used for Torpex.
References:38
(a)	let IndoraoMut frost Chief, ftploeives Development Section, to Chief, Bxploaives
Research section, Piea.tinny Arsenal, dated 12 Nay 1953. Subject: "Properties of Octols
and HTA-3."
(b)	R. Brom and R. Vellcky, Heat Capacity of HTA-3, Picatinny Arsenal General laboratory
Report So. >в-Е1-5О9, 5 May 1958.
3®See footnote 1, page 10.
181
AMCP 706-177
Lead Azide
СвмрмШм	Meieceier Weight: (PbNg)	291
N	28.8 N—N- N-po—	Ox>geo Meece: C\%	.5.5 CV%	-5.5
Pb	71.2	Deneih: gm/cc ^ys^1 , л	^80 w	Dextrinated	4.38
	MeNag t.Mnt: *C	Decoeposes
C/H Ratio	Freezing Mett *C
hnpect Ssaelthlty, 2 Kg Wt: Pure	Dextrine ted Bureau of Mines Apporotus, cm 10	17 Sample Wt 20 mg Picatinny Arsenal Apporotus, in. 3	5 Sample Wt, mg	30	28	ВеШад Feint: *C
	Refractive ledex.. it»» n£ n£
ж	, ee^Be^W*»	1W• Steel Shoe	Explodes Fiber Shoe	Explodes	Vacant* Stability Tact:	Dextrine ted cc/40 Hrs, at 90*C 100’C	1.0 ’?0’C	0.07 13b v. Г-VC
Rifle Bsdiet hnpocf Teet: Trials % Explosions Portion	
Bumod U reflected	200 Greer Bernb Saad Teat: ^flSk^povder fuse	19.<	!
Bsylesiea Texspetetere:	*C Seconds, 0.1	(no	cop used) 39o ’	35o 5 Explcaes 3W> 10	335 15	335 20	335	SaasMviiy to InMfoHea: Minimum Detonoting Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide Tetryl
	Brflietic Merfer, % TNT-
	Treed Test, % TNT: (a)	39
7S*C.tatetaaHeaol Hee* Teet: % Lou in 48 Hi	
	Plata Dent Teat: Method
100‘C Hast Teet: % Loe», 1st 48 Hrs	0. 34 % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs	0.05 Explosion in 100 Hrs	None	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisonce, % TNT
	Detonation Rote:	Pure Lead Azide Confinement
ЯаоимЫЭсу Index:	
IhgieoteMibL % Dextrineted Not. Dextrine ted 30^C , 90£ RH	0.8	0.03	Charge Diometer, In. Density, gm/cc	2.0	3.0	4.0 Rate, meters/second	4070	4630	5180
VefatiNty:	
182

Lead Azide
АМСР 766-177
Fragsseateliea Teet* W мм Ml, MT1 Prajestde, Let WC-91: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb Total Na. of Fragmeata ' For TNT For Subject HE 1 taeb ЙЕ, M42A1 hoje Hilt. Let KC-S: Density, gm/cc Chorge Wt, lb T^^mI bl* *1 IVawU ^^Ve ^ta For TNT For Subject HE	—		a o*.	Ш*а|1ммам TMT — wNWgw Vnwmalv^WVSM* 1 Rl Gloss Conor jtey Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Cohn	White-buff
	Principe! Uses: De tone tore, priming compositions, and commercial blasting caps
	Method ef Loadtag:	Pressed
	Leedtag Deadly: gm/cc pil x 103 3	5	Ю	15 2.62	2.71	2.96	3.07
Fragmeat Vetacby: ft/sec At 9 ft At 25% ft Density, gm/cc	
	Str тс Method	Wet Hazard Clots (Quantity-Distance) Class	9 Compatibility Group	Group	H (vet) Exudation	Nona
Meet (Reiethv to TNT): Abt Peak Pressure npulse Energy Ab, Cnafioed: Impulse Under Wotan Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Heat of; Combustion, cal/gm	630 Explosion, cel/gm	36'f Gas Volume, cc/gm	308 Formation, cal/gm	-3^6	
	Coa^atibility with Metals: Ury lead azide does not react with or cor- rode ateel, iron, nickel, aluminum, lead, zinc, copper, tin or cudmlum. Il does not affect coatings of acid-proof black paint, oil, NRC coepound or shellac. Lead azide in the presence of moisture corrodes zinc and copper; and with copper, it forms the extreme- ly sensitive and dangerous copper azide. Specific Heat: cal/gm/°C 2c -50	0.110 0	0.110 25	0.110 50	0.110 Thermal Conductivity: cal/sec/cm/°C (Pure)	1.55 x 10*1*
183
АМСР 706-177
load Aside
CosjetibiHty with Mstale:
Пгу:' Steel, iron, niohel, iluninun, lead, sine, copper, tin, stainless steel, braes and
broue were unaffected by six yean* contact vith dry lead aside at aabient tes^wature and
50°C* NMzel, rhrone-nf ckel and Inconel vere unaffected under the eane conditions' in two and
one-half years.
Wrt; Copper and sine are rapidly attacked by aolst lead azide, while aluainun is not
attacked in 24 hours. Monel, chrcm-nickel and Inconel are not attacked by lend aside (|£
Moisture) after 2? «onthc* exposure at aabient te^erature and 5O°C, and J-l nagnesiun-aluni-
ra alley is very slightly corroded.
Lead Aside
Lead Aside Lead Aside plus dbj
Lead Aside	plus'	plus rayl Meo»
Denols Jested	2» HEter 20» Hater hoi It
friction Pendultai Best:
(All IA daztrlnated)
Shoe	fiber	fiber		Steel	fiber Steel	fiber
№>. of Irialo	1	10	12	13	1»	1
SVloaions	1	0	0	0	1	1
	0	2	0	2	0
Unaffected	о	10	10	1C	1	0
J»et Sensitivity, 2 Ks wt:				
(All IA dextrlnated)				
Pl Apparatus, inches 1»	9		9	1»
Activation fcergy: (c)				
Koel/e^s	23. Th			
Induction Period, seconds	0.5-10			
Initiating Ifflclen,-v, Grans	Required to Give Complete		Initiations of:	
	Dextrlnated Azine (gn)			
ИТ		0.25		
Bstryl		0.10		
RUX		0.05		
BB		0.02		
Sensitivity to Static Discharge, Joules (Pure Lead Azide) (b)	0.0070
184
Lead Aside
АМСР 706-177
Comatiblllty of Dextrin»ted Lead Azide with Black Powder:
100°C Vacuum Stability Test, cc/ko 'nr:
Smile Wt (gm)	Material	cc
1.0 1.0 2.0	'	Lead Azide	0.50 Black Powder	0.3B 50/50,Lead Azlde/Black	Powder	1-26
Solubility of Pure Lead Aside; gn/100 at of Water:
	i
20	0.05
Preparation of Lead Aside (Dextrin»ted): (du Pont procedure)
2 Ba — Я* № И + rb (Ж>3)2~’ И>(Я3)2 + 2 BaBOj
Lead nitrate solution: Thia 5» prepared by dlsnolvlng 164 lbs lead nitrate and 8.25 IK
dextrine la deionized water, the solution allowed to eettla, an* sodium hydroxide added to
bring the solution to a pH >if 5.4. iba final concentration of the solution la then adjusted
t*, 7.Ц lead nitrate, 0.3756 dextrine by addition of deionized water.
Ute lead «aide is precipitated at a aolutlon taiventure of 160°F, using 60 parte lead
nitrate and 50 parte aodlun etide aolutlon. She latter la added to the forner in 23 ndnutea,
under agitation (no baffles are used in the precipitation таем!), the nlxture coded to room
te^psrztu- in 12 ndnutes, and allowed to settle 10 nlnutes. The nether liquor is decanted
and the remaining slurry saihed before packing.
Od^n^
Pint prepend In 1891 by T. Curtiuj (Ber 24, 3345-6) by adding lead acetate to a solution
of aodlun or modus azide. T. Hyronimus (rireach Patent 364,792) should be credited witn the
first attest in 1907 to use load aside with sone success in the explosive industry. Its com-
mercial mnufhetun started in Europe before World War II and In the United States since 1931
as Military or commercial grade "dextrinated" lead azide.
Destruction by Caemlcal Decomoeition;
Land azide can be decoavooed by
(;) nlxizg with at least five time its '-eight of a 106 solution of sodium hydroxide
and allowing the mixture to stand for 16 hours. Decant the supernatant solution of sodium
azide and drain into the soil.
(2)	dissolving in a 106 solution of amouiun acetate and adding a 106 solution of
•odium or potassium bichromate until no акте lead chromate Is precipitated.
(3)	wetting with 500 times ite weight of water, slowly addlt« 12 times its weight
of 256 sodium nitrite, stirring, and then adding 14 times ite weight of 366 nitric or glacial
acetic add A red color produced by the addition of ferric chloride solution indicates Lead
Azide is still present.
185
AJKCP 706-177
Lead Azide
(4)	dlaaolving in $0 time its weight of 157t eerie aenonium nitrate. n>e azJ<H ie
deccag>v«ed with the evolution of nitrogen.	'
References: 39
(a)	И». Naoua, Z gee Schieas Sprengatoffv, 181, 229, 267 (27 June 1932).
(b)	F. W. Brown, D. H. Kualer and F. C. Gibe:», Sensitivity of Ezploeiyea to Initiation
by Electrostatic Diachargea, U. S. Dept of Int, Bureau of Minea, HI 3852, 19^*6-
(с)	C. bench!tz, Ice Calorimeter Determination of Enthalpy and Specific Heat of Eleven
Organcawtallic Ooapounda, PACT ^22h, Bovember I'-55.
(d) Also «ее the follovlig Picatiruy Araejal Technical Reports on Lead Azide:									
0	1	2	2	4	2	6	I	8	2
550	561	832	393	r,k	255	326	567	628	609
580	861	852	1393	784	525	856	637	708	ns
600	1451	882	1493	824	1325	866	657	748	749
760	1651	932	2093	944	1485	1316	707	788	.769
IU50		1132	2133	2161»		1486	1737	838	849
		1152		2201»		1556	2227	1388	999
		1352						1528	2179
		1372						18 38	
								2198	
J^See footnote I, page 10.
186
Load 2,4-Djnitroresnrcinate (LEHR)
АМСР 706-177
ftngtttHsn, C 17-8 Г I	 ° 	 H	0.5 N	6.9	<	— ЯО2 0	23.Т	Pb рь 51.1	kJ— 0 	 L »o2	J C/H Rrtio 0.549	. Molecule'Weight: (PbCgHgHgOg) 405
	Oxygon Baleace: co= %	-32 CO %	- 8
	Density: gm/cc crystal	3,2
	
	Framing Point: *C
Impact Sonoitivby, 2 Xg Wt: Bureau of Mines Apparatus, от 1 Л 30 Sample Wt 20 mg Pleotinny Arsenal Apparatus, in. Sample Wt, mg	20	BeMtag Point: *C
	Refractive Index, n° Па n£
Steel Shoe Fiber Shoe	Vacuum Stability Tmt: cc/40 Hrs, at 90"C 100*C 120°C	(73 minutes)	Explodes 135’C 150’C
RNh BaRot Impact Tmt: Trials % Explosions Partials Burned Unaffected	
	200 Gram Bomb Seed Tosh ^G&fpowder fuse	20
(xphoioo Temperature:	’C Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) 1 5 Explodes 265 10 15 20	m о» 0- e—. »— v~v -   «CKUvovWy Iw 1МЮТМ. Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide Tetryl
	BeBiMte Mortar, % TNT:
	Trarnl Test, % TNT;
7ГС Intornoticaal Hoot Test: % Loss in 48 Hrs	
	Plate Done Met.ic Condition Confined Density, gnr /cc	। Brisance.. % TNT
100'C Hoot Tmt: % Loss, ’st 48 Hrs	0.20 % Lou, 2nd 48 Hrs	J.02 Explosion in 100 Hrs	None	
	Dotenetion Rato: Confinement Condition Charge Diameter, in. Density, gm/cc Rate, meters/second
ЛмммЫШу 1м4вж:	
Hygroscopicity: % jo°c, 90^ RH	0.73	
Vefoeffity:	
187
амср темп
Load 8,l-£tlnltroreeorclnete (ЫЖВ)
Preg^aoaOotloa Toot: 9* яма M, МП Prajoetiio. Let WC-P1: Density, gm/cc ChorgeWt, lb TaM No. *f FtogMata For TNT For Subject HE 1taeh НА M42A1 PiojortAe. Let KC4: Density, gm/cc ChorgeWt, lb Total No. gf FmgMota For TNT For Subject HE	SbepodCbor?e IHoetheooM. TNT = 1И: Gloss Cone* Steel Cone* Hob Volume Hob Depth
	Color:	Red or yellow
	Priadpol Umu	Electric detonator*
	Method of Landtag:	Proceed
	Leodtag Deoafcy: gm/cc
At» ft At 25% ft Density, g.<i/cc	
	Mtthod	Wet Hoxord Class (Quantity-Distance)	Cloe*	9 Compatibility Group Exudation	Hone
Mart (laiatfvo ta TNT): Abt Peak Premure Impube Energy Air, Confined: Impuhe Under Wotan Peok Pressure Impube Energy Uedeegroead t Peak Pressure Impube Energy	
	Initiating Efficiency; 0.1 gm LMR does not initiate tetryl proceed at 3000 pci. Heat of; Explocion, cal/gm	270
188
Lead 2,4-pinltroresordnate (ЦЖВ)
АМСР 706-177
Prepaxatlon;
To • «elution of 5 grana of purifier ninitroreaorcin and 2.65 grana of anhydroua aodlun
' te in 500 cc of boiling water la а ’Л «lowly a aolutlon of 10 grana of lead nitrate
uaMolved in 60 cc of boiling water. Им reaction nlxuire la constantly atirred during the
addition of the lead «alt and for about an hour attemrd while the aolutlon la allowed to
coox to rocn tenperature. 'Tie precipitate la filtered and waahed thoroughly flrat with water
and then with alcohol ar ether. It la dried in a atean oven.
Origin:
iД-dinltroreaorcin wan deacxibed in the 1881 edition of BeHeteln (Beil VII, 88?). The
aane coa^ound wee deacxibed in mare detail by WeaelBky, Benedlkt and Bffbl in 1882 (M II, 323).
The land aalt of 2,4-dlnitrore«arcinol appeara to have been prejared between World War I and
World War П by treating reaordnol with nltroua add and oxidizing the reaultlng dinltroao-
rmaordnol to dlnltrareaorcirul. lead nitrate aolutlon waa then added to a aolutlon of the
2,4-dlnltrore«arclnol to which aodlun carbonate had been added to fora the soluble aodlun ealx
(J. D. Popper, ML® Ko. 480, March 193*). The 1ЛИ exiats In two forne differing In phyalcal
charactadatlea but poaaeaalng alnilar explosive properties. These forma are red and orange
in color (K. 8. Warren, PATR 1448, SepteaAer 1944).
..fex w*»:40
(a) See the following Picatlnny Arsenal Technical Reports on read 2,4>dnitroreeordnate:
0	2	4	8	2
480	453	1004	1328	859
5Й0			1448	1079
^Se* footnote 1, page 10.
18»
АМСР 706-177
Lead 4,6-Dlni.troreBorcinol Basic (UWR Basic)
GT-H*‘	0_ C	11.2	1 ;	o.6 v		Moiecnier Weight: (Pb^H^NgOg)	646
	Pb —OH	Qxygea Baience: CO. % CO %	1 1 v.8
0	19.8 Pb	6k.1	L 0 — Pt — OH	Density: gm/cc	
N0_		Making feint: *C	213
2 C/H Ratio 0.177		Preening feint: *C	
	* GaaWUhr 4 If a Wfe MHMnVwji Л WJ WT» Bureau of Mines Apparatus, cm 1 Sample Wt 20 mg Ококппу Arsenal Apparatus, in. Sample Wt, mg	kg vt 60 20	BsKng feint: *C	
		Beftective Ыаа, п» nS П»	
 e_»e__ te_OP--.- П1м1К1 гЧВнЮТЮТ I VBT3 Steel Shoe Fiber Shat		Vecoam Stahkky Test: cc/40 Hrs, at WC lOO’C 120*C ’35‘C 150-C	
ШЯе BoNet impeet Tech Trials % Explosions Partials			
Burned Unaffected		200 Gram Bomb Send Teat: %HW*Bavder fuse	15
^ix^rieei^xn l^^reB^reeedsrr^i. Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) 1 5 Explodes	295 10 15 20		•	|т1В^й1ата MHSBTWwy nW рИИо^М^МВ» Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide Tetryl	
		BsBlsHr Metter, % ПГТ-.	
		Tranzi Test, % TNT:	
75'C tetetnaHeoel Hoot Tmt: % Loss In 48 Hrs			
		Plate Dent Toot: Method	
100*C Hoot Tee»: % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion in 100 Hrs	o.L 0.0 None	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT	
		Confinement Condition Charge DiometC'. in	
Indn*			
Hygroscopicity: %			
▼WWWmy»		Density, gm/cc Rate, metors/second	
190
Lead U,6-Dlnitrorenorcinol Basic (1ДНВ Basic)
AMCP 706-177
M ем* НЕ, МЛ PmjacMo. UM WC-»1: Density, gm/cc ChorgeWt, tb Total Na. a* Fragment*: For TNT For Subje^ HE 1 iach Ht, M42A1 PmjeMile. IM KC-S: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb BVKVK	VV *W^pi^MK*o For TNT For Subject HE	Shaped Charge Iffectboneee. TNT = 1И: GkmCone* Steel Cone* Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Color	Red or yellow
	Principal Ueea:	Electric detenatore
	Matted of Leadhg:	Preeeed
	Leadhg Deaaby: gm/cc
Fragment Veh thy; ft/toc At» ft At 254 ft Density, gm/cc	
	Method	Wet Hozord Clou (Quontity-Drttonca)	Claoo	9 Compatibility Group Exudation	Косе
Meet (ReleMrete TNT): Abt Rook Ргемиге Impube Energy Ab, Confined: Impuhe Under Wetan Rook Ргемиге Impuhe Energy Peek Ргемиге Impuhe Energy	
	Initiating Efficiency; O.U gm ЫЖН Basic does not initiate tetryl pressed at 3000 psi.
191
АМСР 706-177
Lead 4,6-PinitroreBorcinol Bail с (ЫЖВ Basic)
Preparation:
Pb(CH3COO)2
O-Pb-OH;
O-Pb—OH
N02
(a)	One hundred grams of pure resorcin is fused in a porcelain casserole and 1 mediate Im-
paired on a glass plate. After cooling, the cake le ground In c mortar to pace a U. S. Stan-
dard Bo. 6 meah screen. Four hundred grama of 98 percent nitric acid in a one pint capacity
Deear Jar la stirred mechanically while carbon dioxide snow ie added in email piece». When
the teaverature falls to -20®C, 40 grama of the granulated resorcin ie added In small quanti-
ties. Simultaneous addition of solid carbon dioxide aa required prevents a rise of tempera-
ture of more than 5 degrees throughout the entire experiment. Five minutes after the last
portion of resorcin is introduced, the mixture is further cooled to minus 5O°C, and finally
drowned vith vigorous stirring In fl.e times its volume of cracked ice. in water. This mix-
ture is allowed to stand for one ho*ir and the product then filtered, washed, and partially
dried, weight 43.6 grams. The crude 4,6-Шл is purified by first dissolving the product In
an equecus 5 percent sodium hydrox de solution (17-4 grams of sodium hydroxide in cc of
water). The resulting solution if then neutralized by gradually adding it to a boiling solu-
tion of 21.4 grams of 96 percent sulphuric add in 150 cc of water. The resulting precipitate
of 4,6-ПШ Is filtered hot on a suction filter and air-dried. Yield, 27.5 grams (37*8 percent
of the theoretical).
(b)	Five hundredths (0.05) mole (18-96 grams) of load acetate is dissolved in 67 cc of
warm water, into which is gradually stirred 0.10 mole (4.0 grams) of sodium hydroxide dis-
solved in 67 cc of water. Stirring is continued for five mini tea. After settling, the white
lead hydroxide is washed by decantation three times with 100 cc portions of distilled water,
and used isnediately for the next operation.
(с)	A O.O278 mole (5-56 grams) quantity of the 4,6-ШВ prepared under (a) above, is dis-
persed in 270 cc of water by vigorously beating vith a motor stirrer. After heating this
dispersion to 90°C, the 0.05 mole of lead hydroxide prepared above in slurry form is intro-
duced in snail portions. Agitation is continued for three hours at 90°C. The bMic lead
4,6-IHR is washed cuca by decantation, and again on the filter with alcohol. After drying
overnight in a desiccator charged with calcium chloride, the product weighs 15.6 grams.
Origin;
Both the 2,4- and 4,6-dinitroresorcin were described in some detail by Waselsky, Benedikt
and Hubl in 1882 (M II, 323)* T^pke prepared the 4,6-dinitiore>,orcin in 1883 by iiydrolyzing
the nitration product of resorcin dlecetate (Ber 16, 551). А ’логе direct and economical
method of preparation suitable for production scale manufacture was developed during World
war II by the British (Ministry of Supply Pouch Item W-154-21S, "Mrnufacture of 4,6-Ddnitro-
resorcln and Lead 4,6-Dinltroresorcinste"). This procedure consisted of preparing 4,6-
dlnltroresorcinol by direct nitration of granulated resorcin and allowing the product in slurry
to react with sn excess of lead hydroxide at 90°C. This basic salt can be prepared in two
forms: (1) a micro-crystalline, yellow, lov-dsnsity form and (2) a denser, brick-red form.
Both products have the same chemical composition and the same sensitivity to impact (PATH
144S, September 1944).
IffJ
AMCP 706-177
Lead Styphnate
%	Г	0 C	15-1» H	0.6	0„N -f	у- no„ N	9.0	*	1	|	г PbH-0 0	Э0-8	L J— 0	г Pb	Ui.2 1	И02 C/H Ratio O.32OL-	J	Meiocaier Weight: (pbCgH^Og) U68
	Oxygen Balance: CO, %	-19 CO %	2
	Density: gm/cc	Crystal	3.02
	Melting Point: ’C Explodes	260-310
	Fieesiag Point: *C
*		 *	* If — Ц«- ЯИ^Ям «^ЯОвОаоТяуд Л	^Tc* Bureau of Mine* Apparatus, cm	17 Sample Wt 20 mg Picatinny Arsenal Apparatus, in. 3» (8 oz vt) 8 Samp1* Wt, mg	22	BeiSag Point: *C
	Refractive Index, ng ng ng
гпспоя rwB«weei 1 w* Stool She*	De too* tee Fiber Shoe	Deton*tee	Vecanm Stability Tort: cc/40 Hrs, at 90’C 100’C	O.U • 20’C	0.3 I35’C 150'C
RWb BeBet Impact Teet: Trial* . % Exptos'cn* Partial* Burned Unaffected	
	200 Grein Bomb Send Tost: B^*<& SJmnier fuse	?1.1
Kxplesiea Temperateie:	'C Second*, 0.1 (no cop used) 1 5 Explodes	262 10	276 15	272 2C	267	Sensitivity to Initietioo: Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate	Treco* Lead Azide	Trace* * <.0Й'Йп, alternative
	Ballistic Mortar, 4 TNT:
	Troexl Toot, % TNT: (a)	UO
75 ‘C International Meet Test: % Lou in 48 Hrs	
	Piofo Dent Test: Method Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisonce, % TNT
WC Hee* Tost: % Lou, 1st 48 Hrs	О.38 % Lou, 2nd 48 Hu	0.73 Explosion in 100 Hrs	None	
	Dotonotiea Reto: Confinemen’ Condition Chorge Chur.eter Density, gm/cc	2.9 Rote, meters/second	5200
ЛеммЫК* Index:	
Hygrascopicity: % 25°C, 100$ RH	0.05 30°C, 90$ RH	0.02	
Volatility:	
193
АМСР 706-177
Lead Styphnste
99 ома HU M71 PrejecHlo, Lot WC-91: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb		Shaped Charge IHactivoaoss, TNT = IN: Glass Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth	
Т«Ш Ho. of ггедемаН: For TNT For Subject HE 3 tach HU М42Л1 Projectile, Lot KC-S: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb		Color:	Orange-reddish brawn	
		Prlacipai Uses: igniting charge, and ingredient of prising compositions	
Total No. ef FrejssoaH: For TNT For Subject HE		ef	Pressed
		Leodiag Doosity: gm/cc	
Pregawat Vdecfty: ft/soc At 9 ft At 25^4 ft Density, gm/cc			
		Method	Wet
Moot (Kdotivo to TNT): Air: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy		Hazard Clou (Quontity-Distonce) Compatibility Group Exudation	Class 9 Group M (vet) Kone
Air Ceaftaod: Impulse Ueder Wafer: Peak Pressure Impute Energy Peek Pressure Impulse Energy Heat of; Combustion, cal/gm Explosion, cal/gm Gas Volume, cc/gm Formation, cal/gm	-251 1*57 368 -92	Activation Energy; kcal/mol Induction Period, sec Specific Heat; cal/cm/°C 2c -50 0 25 50	75-39 0.5-10 (c) 0.141 0.158 0.164 O.167
ISM
Lead Styphnata
АМСР 706-177
Preparation;
♦рь(сн3соо)2
PbHgo ♦ гсн^сооа
Dissolve 14.4 /ф lead nitrate and 1 cc of acattc n-cld in 320 cc distilled eater. Dis-
solve 4 gm 2,4,6-trinltroresorcinol and 1.73 8“ sodlun ceruonate in 80 cc di«tilled eater.
Add the lw€d acetate solution to the trinitroreaorclnol solution, under agitation, keeping
the temperature at 7O°-75°C and continue stirring for 3 hours at this teq^erature. Cool to
20°C in 5 hours. Evaporate the solution to 1/3 its volume, cool, filter and eash the product
well with eater (to neutrality).
Sensitivity to Static Discharge, joules; (b)	0.0009
Loss In Weigh; at 1O5°C: 1°
3 hours	0.02
6 hours	0.23
9 hours	0.23
Effect of Storage for 2 Months at 30°C, on;
Explosion Tbqerature	Test Value	Nil
Sand Test Value	Я11
Sensitivity to Initiation	Mil
Solubility, gm/100 gm (<) in;
Glycol Diacetate
°C	jt
20-25	0.1
Origin:
First described in 1914 by von Hurtz and found to be a relatively poor initiator by Wall-
baum in comparison to other primary explosives. (Z ges Schless Sprengstoffw J4, 126, 161, 197
(1939)) Moisak shoved that lead styphnste could be used as an insulating (cover) material
for lest azide providing protection from mechanical and chemical Influences and, at the same
time, increasing the detonating ability of the total charge (Transactions of Butlerov Inst
Chem Tech Kasan (Russia) 2, 81-5 (1935)-
195
AMCP 706-177
Lead Styphnate
Destruction by Chemical Decaapoeition:
Land styphnate is deccepoaed by dissolving it in at least 40 times ita wight of 20* sodium
hydrac ie or IDO times ita wight of 20*, аамоп1>л acetate and adding a solution of sodium
dlchroaate, equal to half the wight of styphnnte and 10 parts of wter.
References:*1
(a)	Report AC-9j6/0rg Be 74.
(Ъ)	T. W. Brown, D. H. Hurler and F. C. Giheon, Sensitivity of Exploelvea to Initiation by
Electrostatic Dischargee, U. £. Dept of Int, Bureau of Mines, RI 3B52, 19^6.
(с)	C. Lenchltz, Ice Calorimeter Determination of Enthalpy and Specific Heat of Eleven
Organometallic CcwoounS, PACT Mo. 2224, Boverber 1955»
(d) Also see the following Picatinny Arsenal Technical Reports on Lead Styphnate:								
0	1	2	?	4	6	1	a	2
1450 2220	11	1352 2032	*53 2093	2164	1316	hen 1737 2077	318	2179
4tS« footnote 1, page 10,

Mannitol gtaanltrate (Kitroaannlte)
AMCP 706-177
% С	15.9	°2S0|H H	1.8	°2ИОР К 18.6	НГ°2 HCGSO* 0	63.8	*	‘ °	'’•°	сн„ояо„ C/H Rofio 0.133	г г	Metocoter Weig»' (CgHgB^g) 452
	Oxygen Belaec*: CCL %	7.1 CO %	28 3
	Deneffy: gm/cc	I.73
	Meffing Pohc *C	112-113
	Fieeneg Met: *C
»		 -- »	*» *-	« К- fwmnvwjj л ^*тт Buraou ef Mine Apparatus, cm	11 Sample Wt 20 mg Pieotinny Arsenal Apparatus, in.	4 Sample Wt, me	11	BeMag Feint: *C	Decomposes 150
	Refractive Index, n£  n« n»
ПЖПЯ1 ^^ВВ^^ИВНВ ЮТ*» Steal Shoa	Detonates Fiber Shot	Unaffected	ЮТе cc/40 Hrs, at 90'C I00*C 120”C 135"C 150*C
Riffe Buffet Impest Teat: Trials % Explosions Portia is Burned Unaffected	
	200 6ren> Pemb Send Test: Sond, /n	68.5
Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) 160-170 (a) 1	232	(b) 5	175	(c) 10 15 20	vVHMWvgvy W IwWwI^Rir Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide	0.06 Tetryl
	OeOiette Merter, % TNT:
	Trees! Teet, % TNT:	(c)	172
75‘C 1а1еигаНмга1 Heat Teat: % Loss In 48 Hrs	0.4	
	Plete Dent Test: Method Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
100’C Meet Teet: % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion in 100 Hrs (Frothed) 48 hours	
	Petenntien Rote:	(d) Confinement	Yes Condition	Pressed Charge Diameter,	in.	0.5 Density, gm/cc	1.73 Rate, meters/second	82^0
	
Wygreecepicity: % 30°C, 90# I<H	0.17	
Т*ЮТЯну>	
197
АМСР 706-177
Mannitol Hexa nitrate (Nitromannite}
Ftagmc Mates TMh Maa Hl,M71 Plate**. La* WC-P1: Density, gm/cc Chorge Wt, lb Total Na. of РгадомаН: Far TNT For Subject HE 1 iacb HL М42Л1 Prejirtile, La* KC-S: Density, gm/cc Chorge Wt, >b Tatai No. ef Pra^ueeN: For TNT For Subject HE	Sbepud Charge EHocteeaees, TNT = IK: '.tea Cone* Steel Cone» Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Color:
	Prladpei Uses: Secondary charge In detonator* (ref 1), and in blasting caps designed to be initiated by a fuse (ref j) 	i
	Method ef Leediag:	Pressed
	Leedhg Deaaky: gm/cc
Fragaaaa* Vatodty: ft/ис At9ft At25feft Daraity, gm/cc	
	Method	Dry Hazard Ctes (Quantity-Distance)	dess	9 Compatibility Group Exudation	None
-Май (RaiaHve to TNT): Ab: Peak Pressure Impute Energy », Ceaflaed: Impute Peak Pressure Impute Energy Peek Pressure Impute Energy	
	65.5°C KI Test; Minutes	6 Heat of;	(e, f, g) Combustion, cal/gm ISIS	152_> Explosio.., cal/gm 1390 ibsb 1U68 1520 Farmation, csl/cz 337	3U5	366
198
ttannitol Hexanitratо (nitrrwannlte)
AMCP 706-177
Solubility;	____
a.	Insoluble in water.
b.	Slightly soluble in cold alcohol (2.9 gm at 13°C).
c.	Slightly aoluble in ether (4 gm at 9°C).
4. Very aoluble in hot alcohol.
Preparation; (Laboratory Method) (k)
a.	Cool to belov O°C, 5C gm of 96$-10O$ nitric acid placed in a 300 milliliter Erlenmeyer
Pyrex flask provided with a thermometer and inneraed in an Ice-aalt mixture.
b.	Introduce in email portions, 10 gm of d-nmnnitol, while swirling the 'leak to break up
any lumps of mannite which might form. Keep tha temperature below 0°C.
c.	After solution is canplate, add 100 gm of concentrated sulfuric acid from a dropping
funnel, swirling the flask in an ice-salt mixture to keep the temperature below 0°C.
d.	Filter the resulting porridge-like slurry through a filter paper previously hardened
by treatment with mixed acid.
e.	Rinse the precipitate directly on the filter with water followed by dilute aqueous
sodium carbonate and finally with water. (The resulting crude mannitol hexanitrate gives
lb. 2$ H aa vLterndned by the nitrometer.)
f.	Dissolve the crude mannitol hexanitrate in boiling alcohol and filter through a water-
heated funnel.
g.	Bring the filtra-e to boiling and gradually add hot water until the appearance of the
first turbidity.
h.	Cool in an ice-salt bath, separate and dry the crystals. (Yield should be about 23
gm of material, melting .t H2°-113°C and having 18.58$ Я, the nitrogen being determined by
t.u nitrometer. Theoretical yKld would be 24.8 gm.)
Origin;
Mannitol hexanitrate was 'discovered in 1847 by As car. io Sobrero who recommended it as a sub-
stitute for mercury fulminate in percussion caps (Cotjp rend. 1847. 121). It ia the hexanltrlc
ester of d-rannitol which Ir. widely distributed nature, particularly in .!• slant Frax'.nus
omus. N. Sokoloff, s Russian chemist investigated the explosive properties of end recom-
mended in 1878 a method of prentiacion. Mannitol hexanitrate was thoroughly studied by Tlerthe-
lot, Sarran and Vieille. Lusonte, Menard, Strecker, Tlchanowich (Ph. Kaoum, Nitroglycerin and
Nitroglycerin Expletives, Baltimore, 1928, pp. 156, 217-250), and particularly by J . H. Wigner
(Ber 36, 79A (1903))• More recent data have been reviewed by Guastalla and Racciu ("Modern
Explores," Industrie Chimica 8, 1093-1102 (1933)).
References;4*2
(a)	G. C. Hale, Abstract of Available Information on the Preparation and Explosive Proper-
ties of Hexanitrcmannlte, PA Special Report По. 238, 30 July 1925.
A2See footnote 1, page 1C.
19!)
АМСР 706-177
Mannitol Haxanitrate (Mtmaannite)
(b)	C. A. Taylor and W™ H. Rinkenbach, "Sentitiveneaa of Detonating СоцкмпДа to frictional
B^act, Bgpact, and Heat," J. Frank Inst 204, 369-76 (1927)*
(c)	Hi. Baoua, Z gee Schlett - Storengatoffv (Munich), pp. 181, 229, 26? (27 June 1932).
(d)	H. Khat, Z anew Chea, £, /4 (1923)*
(e)	A. Schmidt, Z gee Schlett - Sprengetoffv 29, 262, (1934).
landolt and Bernstein, E IH, p. 2914.
(f)	A. Narahall, btplotlvea, Ihelr ttoufacture, Properties. Jetta, and History, Vol Ш,
London (1932) p. 39* №. Maoua.Hitroglycerin and Hiiroglycerin Exploalvet, Baltlaore, (1928),
pp. 156, 247-250.
(g)	A. Scheldt, Z get Schlett - Sprengetoffv 2£, 2б2 (1934) G. Fleury, L. Bria tend and
P. Ihoete, "Structure and Stability of MJ trie Eater a," Coap rend 224, 1016-18 (1947).
W. R. Joalinacn, Jr., Fundamental Properties of High Ехр1се1тев. BSraodynaalc Relatione for
Ute in the Eatiaation of Explosive Properties, PATH Mo. 1651. 22 April 1947.
(h)	JMrren and VieUe, мАп poudr 2, 161 (1884-1889).
(1) k. von Hurts, U. S. Patent 1,878,652 (20 September 1932).
(j)	L. A. Burrova, U. S. Patent 2,427,899 (23 Septeaher 1947).
(к)	В. T. Fedoroff, Handbook of Exploalvt and Belated Itama, Picatlnny Arsenal (unpub-
Uahed).
(1)	0. E. Sheffield, Literature Survey on Mannitol Heaanitrate, Bl Chealcal RMeartii labo-
ratory Report Во. 52-M.-16, 23 January 1952.
(a) Also tee the following Picatlnny Arsenal Technical Rriporta on Mannitol Heaanitrate:
2	4	£	6
1352	24	85	6
64
20G
Mercury Fulalnate
АМСР 706-177
% с	8Л К	9-8		Hrlsretor Weight» (HgCgl^Oj)	285
	о —H —c He	Oeleece* co, % co %	-17 .<=.5
0	п.2	0 —N— C	DeaeRy: gm/cc Crystal	1».1»3
Be 70.6		Melting Feint: V	Decos^oees	
С/Н Ratto			
taapaet SeaeMvRy, 2 Kg Wh Bureau of Minos Apporatus, cm 5; (1 kg vt) 35 Sample Wt 20 mg Pleotinny Arsenal Apporatus, in. 2; (1 lb vt) 1» Sample Wt, mg	30		BeNfeg Point: *C	
		RehocNee lades. n« ПЙ n&	
5*eel Shoe Fiber Shoe	Explodes Explodes	Vocanm SlebiBty Tost: cc/40 Hrs, ot 90*C 100’C 120*C 135*C 150*C	
ВШ-	R	» »-~- Lxptosiont Partials	Trials %		Explodes
Burned Unaffected		200 (Мем ВешО ScmO Teeh _	fuie		24.1»	
Seconds, 0.1	(no cop used) 263 '	239 -	Explodes 210 Ifr-*'	199 ic	tali		e.	ur »ж-	|—v BMBIlrvWy W ВЮТ^^^ИВе Minimum Detonating Chorge, gm Mercury Fulminate Leod Azide Tetryl	
20	190	BeWstie Metier, % TNT:	
		Trausi Test, % TNT: (a)	51
			
7S C leSoreeHoael Hee* Tosh % Loss in 48 Hrs	0.18		Plato Dent Test: Method	
100‘C Hee* Tosh Exploded In 16 hours % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs % Loes, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion in 100 Hrs		Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisonco, % TNT	
		Detseetise Role: Confinement	
НммюМКу ledex:			Pressed 3.0	1».O 4250	5000
Hygroscopicity: % 30°C,	90^ RH	0.02	Charge Diameter, :л. Density, gm/cc	2.0 Rote, meters/second	3500	
▼ВЮТЯВеу *			
201
AMCP 706-177
Mercury Fulminate
90 аыа Ml, M71 PraHctite. U» WC-91: Dimity, gm/cc ChorgeWt, lb bk _£ For TNT For Subject HE 1 tack HI. M42A1 ProjecHte. Lot KC-S: Density, gm/cc Chorga Wt, lb For TNT Fo< Subject HE	Г*- -Я Лкемд Ммбкамм TMT  1AA* WWWf^^ vv^MVVW^MIg V^B	OW* Glass Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Cohr:	White to grey
	Ptbdpei User: Detonators and ingredient of priming compositions
	Method of Leedbg: P*1 x ЮЛ 3	5	10	12	15	20 3-00	3.20	3.60	3.70	3.02	4.00
	Leading Doaoity: gm/cc
Ftegaroat Vebdly: ft/sec At 9 ft At 25% ft Density, gm/cc	
	Method	Wet Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance)	Class	9 Compatibility Group	Group	M	(vet) Exudation	None
Bbat (Kebthra Io TND: Ur. Peak Pressure Impulse Ltergy Air, Ceafbed: Impulse Uador Water. Peak Pressure Impube Energy Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	
	Stab Senaitivity: Density	Firing Point (inch-ounces) gm/cc	Of,	50#	100# 3-91	3-2	4.3	5-5 4.26	1.6	2.6	5.5 4.32	1.6	2.6	4.0 4.50	1.6	2.5	4.0 Activation Energy: kcal/п ’i	29.81 Induction Period, sec	0.5*10 Heat of; Combustion, cal/gm	938 Explosion, cal/gm	427 Gas Volume, cc/gm	243 Formation, cal/gm	-226 Specific Heat: cal/gm/°C	1.1 Thermal Conductivity; cal/sec/cm/°C	1 x IO"1*
202
Mercury Fulminate
АМСР 706-177
Initiating Efficiency; Grams Required to Give Coeplete Initiation of:
Fulminate, gm
ТЯТ Tetryl RDC PET*	0.Й5 o.a? 0.19 0.17
Compatibility with Metals:
tty; Reacts rapidly vith aluminum and magnealum. Reacts slovly vith copper, zinc, brass
and Nonce. Iron and steel are not affected.
Wet; Reacts inoedlately vith aluainun and Magnesium. Reacts rapidly vith copper, zinc,
brass and bronze. Iron end steel are not affected.
Sensitivity to Static Discharge, Joulea; (b)
0.025
The Effect, of Storage at 50°C (tty) on the Purity of Mercury Fulminate
Months	Recrystallized Lots	Uncry stall!zed Lots
SsM£ 2Z2 2S 221	2&	5o!>. 6-7/31 505.3-5/n
0	99.75	99.77	99-79	99.79	98.86	
4						98.7
6		99-45	99.54	99-47	95-95	98.7
8						97.4
9					94.95	
10						94.9
12	98.74	99.56	97.49	99.06	90.65	
13	98.26			98.79		
14	98.22					
15	97.52	99-30	99.30	98.19	83*76	
16	97-00		99.01	97-75		
17	95.70	98.66		96.69		
18	94.81	98.58	98.46	95.90	79-99	
23					74.52	
26					63.80	
Chemistry:
Mercuric fulminate readily decomposes in the presence of aqueous solutions, chlorides, car-
bonate and many other materials. ttie to the presence of small amounts of mercury, iomed by
exposure to light or elevated temperatures, it readily foms amalgams vith copper, brass and
bronze, thus components containing these metals must be protectively coated If used vith ful-
minate.
Solubility, Grams of Mercury Fulminate In 100 Grams of Water
°C	£
12	0.07
49	0.18
203
АМСР 706-177
Mercury Fulminate
Preparation:
(Chemistry of Povdcr and Explosives, Davie)
CH3-CH2-OH —* CH3—CHO —» CH2-CH0	jjH-CHO
NO	N —OH
н	]°2	|°2
o <----------CH <------------ C-COOH «-----CH—COOH
.	I	I	и
’	—ОН	К	N—OH
c	OH
I------» Нв(СЖС)2
Five gm mercury is dissolved in 25 cc df nitric add (sp gr 1.42) without agitation, and
this solution poured into 50 cc of 900 ethyl alcohol, resulting in a vigorous reaction,
attended by evolution of white fumes and subsequent appearance of fulminate crystals. Red
fumes then appear aa precipitation of the product accelerates, and then white fumes again are
evolved as the reaction moderates. After about 20 minutes the reaction la over: water is
added, and the crystals are repeatedly washed, by decantation, with water to remove all acidi-
ty. The product la purified, rendered white, by solution in strong aanonium hydroxide, fol-
lowed by repredpltetlon with 300 acetic acid.
Origin:
Mercury fulminate was first prepared by John K. von Lowenstern (1630-1703) and in 1800 its
preparation and properties were first described in detail by Edward Howard in a paper presented
to the Royal Society of London (EhilTrans, 204 (1800). It was 186? before the compound was
used as an initiating agent, when Alfred Nobel invented the bleating cap and used mercury ful-
minate to detonate nitroglycerin (British Patent 1345 (1867)).
Destruction by Chemical Deccsposltlcn:
Mercury fulminate is decomposed by adding it, while stirring, to at least 10 times its
weight of 200 sodium thiosulfate. Some poisonous cyanogen gas may be evolved.
References:43
(a)	Ph. Hacum - Z ges Schies^-Sprengstoffv (Munich), pp. 181, 229, 267 (27 June 1932).
(b)	F. V. Brown, D. H. KUsler, and F. C. Gibson, Sensitivity of Explosives to Initiation by
Electrostatic Dlschargas, U. S. Dept of Int, Bureau of Mines, fu 3852, l£t6.
43Sea footnote 1, page 10.
204
Mercury Fulminate
AMCP 706-Щ
(c)	Alao see the following Pl cat tinny Areenal Technical Report» on Mercury Fulminate:
0		2	1	4	1	6	I	8	1
250	Э01	132	23	144	65	266	277	28	199
480	381	4 52	203	294	105	366	297	78	609
510	561	522	393	53b	255	556	407	278	749
550	1651	582	433	624	285	566	537	318	849
610		782	833	694	365	866	567	788	999
6bo		882	U83	784	415	986	637	1838	1079
760		932	1393	874	425	1316	857		1389
1220		1192	2093	1104	1325	1486	1737		2179
1450		1352			1365	1556			
		1375				2146			
		1722							
		2032							
275
AMCP 706-177 Metriol Tri nitrite (MTW) Liquid (or Trime*hylolethane Trinitrate)
% C	23.5	02«0—CH2 H	3-5	л		Molecular Weight: 'C^HgN^O^)	255
		Oxyge leleets: CO-. % CO %	-35 - 3
02N0—CH2	 И	16.6	У	- C — CH j	Deaeity: gm/cc	Liquid	1.1»7
o„no—сн9 0	56.1»	2	2		Mehiag Point: ’C	-3
C/H Ratio 0.150		Froeaiag Point: *C	
Impact Sermitivity, 2 Kg Wt: Buraou of Mine* Apparatus, cm V; (1 lb wt) U Sample Wt 20 mg Picatinny Arsenal Apparatus, in. Sample Wt, mg	20		BeUbg Paint: *C	
		Refractive Index, nL n£ П»	1.1»752
Длд!*. m— л. a. -- 0^W» Steel Shoe Fiber Shoe	Explode*	Vacuum Stability Tost: cc/40 Hrs, at 90’C 100"C cc/ga	1.9 120'C 135’C 150’C	
ШЯе Betiet Impact Teat: Triols % Expiation* Partial*			
Burned Unaffected		200 Gram limb Sand Teat: Sond, gm	^3-7
Expleeiea Temperature:	’C Seco.ds, 0.1 (no cop used) 1 5 Ignite*	235 10 15 20		Seetitivity fa laitietiaa: Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide Tetryl	
		BaNietic Mortar, % TNT: (a)	136
		Trauxl Teet, % TNT:	(b)	1UO
75 *C latere etiaeel Meet Test: % Los* in 48 Hrs			
		Plate Doot Teat: Method	
100'C Hee* Test: % Low, 1st 48 Hrs % Um, 2nd 48 Hrs Expiation n 100 Hrs	2-5 1.8 None	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisonce, % TNT	
			
FleoMnability Index:		Detmratiaw-Bata: Confinement Condition Charge Diameter, in. Density, gm/cc Rote, meters/second	
Hygroscopicity: % 30°C, 9O£ RH	0.07		
Volatility: 60°C, mg/er.^/hr	21»		
206
Me trio! Trinitrate (MTU) Liquid
AM CP 706-177
r~—			 ' FiegnwalwHea Test:	Shaped Charge IHoeHeonaee, TNT =	IMt
W яма HI. Ю1 МйсНк Lot WC-M: Density, gm/cc Chorge Wr, №	Gass Cones Steel Cones Hole Vol' ime Ной Depth	
Total No. of FrogownN: For TNT	«•••«	Oily, slightly turbid	
For Subject HE 3 Mi HE, M4M1 PreiecHte, Lee KC-3: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb		
	PiMpel Uses: Ingredient of rocket end double base propellants	
Total No. tf FraguMoH: For TNT ForSubiettHE	Method ef Leading:	
	Loedieg Density: gm/cc	
hijai* VeteoTy: ft/sec At 9 ft At 25% ft Density, gm/cc		
	Storage: Method	Liquid
Meet (Motive to TNT):	Hazard Ckes (Quantity-Distance)	
Ain Peck Pressure Impulse Energy	Compatibility Group exudation	
Air. Confined: Impulse	Solubility in Water, gm/100 gm, at:	
Under Water: Peak Pressure Impulse	25°C 60°C Eeat of;	<0.015 <0.015
Energy	Combustion, cal/gm	2642
Peck Pressure impulse Energy	Hydrolysis, jb Acid; 10 days at 22°C 5 days at 60°C	0.018 0-115
207
АМСР 706-177
Metriol Tri nit,-ate (MOT) Liquid
Preparation:
Metriol (trimethylolmethylmethane) is obtained by the following procedure, baaed on work
by Hosaeuc (Annalen 276, 76 (1893):
Into a $ liter round bottom flask l.a weighed 2700 gms of water. To thia are added 267 got
of formaldehyde and 60 gms of propionaldehyde. The mixture la stirred for a few seconds.
TO the mixture la added 150 gms of calcium oxide previously slaked with бСО gms of water.
The mixture la heated In boiling water for four hours, and then allowed to cool spontaneously
overnight. After filtering off the insoluble calcium hydroxide, the solution la heated and
treated with a saturated aqueous solution of oxalic acid to precipitate all the calcium. Ths
precipitated calcium oxalate la filtered off, and the pale-yellow filtrate concentrated aa
ouch aa possible on the steam bath to a thick lemon-yellow syrup. After dissolving in abso-
lute alcohol, the solution is filtered and concentrated in the steam beth to about twice the
voirjm. of the concentrated syrup. The aolutlon is then chilled in a cold box to hasten cry-
stallization. After allowing it to warm up to just above 0°C, the mixture is filtered. The
resulting product Is not sufficiently pure and is recrystallized from absolute alcohol. OTe
melting point of the product (40. 3 gm) is then about 19t>°C (Hosaeus gives 199°C).
Me tricl is nitrated by carefully mixing it with 3*5 parts of 65/35 HNOo/HoSO^ maintained
at 20°C, stirring for 30 minutes, cooling to 5°C, and pouring the reaction mixture on Ice. It
is extracted with ether, water-washed, and adjusted to pH 7 by shaking with 3 sodium bicar-
bonate solution and again water-washed three times. It is then dried with calcium chloride,
filtered, and freed 01* ether by bubbling with dry air until minimal ret a of loss In weight is
attained. TL- yield is 88$ of the theoretical. The product has a nitrate-nltrogen contact
of 16.35$ (calc listed: 16.47$). Its refractive index at 25°C ie 1.4752.
Origin:
MOT, according to Italian sources, va« first prepared and patented by Bombrlnl-Parodi-
Delfino Cospany of Italy unucr the name "metriolo." A German Patent of 1927 also describes
the preparation and gives some properties. This compound was known in Trance before World
War II under the name of "Hitropentaglycerin" and Burbot and Thomas determined its beet of
combustion (Ref b).
References:
(a)	A. H. Blatt, Compilation of Data on Organic Explosives, OSRD Report Ho. 2014,
29 February 1944.
(b)	E. Bvrlot and M. Thomas, Mem poudr 29, 262 (1939).
(c)	Also zee the following Picatlnny Arsenal Technical Reportn on Metriol Trinitrate:
1616 and 1817.
‘‘‘‘Set footnote I, page 10.
206
Mlnol-2
AMCP 706-177
Comptsifioa: OL		Meleceler Weight:	71
TO Anuonluvi Nitrate	40 тат	bO Aluminum	20		Oxygen Bnleaco: CO- % CO %	1 8
		Density: gm/cc	1.62-1.68
		Melting feiet' "C	
C/H Rotio		Freesing Point: *C	
Impost SeneMvIty, 2 Kg Wt: Bureau of Mine* Apparatus, err Sample Wt 20 mg Picatinny Arsenal Apporatut, in. Sample Wt, mg		Bailing Point: *C	
	13 17	Refractive Index, n“ n£ i»£	
FlMVBWO	1ВВП Steel Shoe Fiber Shoe		Vecanm Stability Teat: cc/40 Hrs, ot 90°C 100‘C 120’C 135’C 150’C	
Rifle Ballet Impact .it: Tnil* % Expiations Partials			2.1
Burned Unaffected		200 Grew Bomb Send Tost: Send, gm	
Тмярвгаймве	'С Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) 1 S Ignites	U35 10 15 2f		»	ImldiebLmt fWHVITWy W imWsWHi Minimum Detonoting Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead / side Tetryl	
		BeUistic Mortar, % TNT: (a)	14 3
		Trend Test, % TNT:	(b)	165
78’C lateiaetisaol Heet Test: % Lou in 4B Hrs			
		Plots Dent Test:	(c) Method	В
100’C Hoot Teet: % Lou, 1st 48 Hrs % Lou, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion in 100 Hrs		Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT	Pressed No 1.73 66
			
	100	и^ВОЯВВ^^МВ ftBVBe Confinement Condition Chorga Diameter, in. Density, gm/cc r .e, meters/second	Kone Cast L.6
ее	Az • TO			
ValetWty:			Lorjj 5820
2(Л»
АМСР 706-177
Minoi-г
Bomtov Sot	Txt:	(e) Condition	Pressed Tetryl, gm	100 Wax, in. re* 50% Detonation	1.U6 Wax J.'n i tensity, gm/cc	l*7b	Oxygen, otoms/sec (Z/sec) -Heat, kilocolorie/mole (AH, kcal/mol) Temperature Range, *C Phase
Heel of:	(f) Combustion, cal/gm	3160 Explosion, rcl/gm	1620 Gas Volume, cc/gm Formation. col/gm Fusion, Cal/5 	Armor Plate Impact Test:	(f) M mm Merfer Projectile: 50% Inert, Velocity, ft/sec	828 Aluminum Fineness SM-* GonereJ Purpose limbi: Piole Thickness, inches 1 H* 1%
Sped*** Heat: «.ut'pn ' C At -Д’	0.30 Density; gm/cc	1.7b	
Burning Kale: cm/sec	
	limb Drop Test: 17, 200C-lb Somi-Armor Pierciag Bomb vs Cinrrsts: ix Safe Drop, ft SOO-lb -somc.'I Purpose Bomb vs Concrete: Heigh*, ft T rials Unaffected Low Order High Order lOCNMb GeiMrel FwpoM tomb yj Семга**; Height, ft Triols Unaffected Low Order High Order
Theimul Conductivity:	(b)	_i col/sec/cm/’C	16.5 x 10 ” Density, gm/cc	l.'fb	
Coefficient of ExpaMien: Linear, %/‘C Volume, %/"C	
Hardness, Mohs' Scale:	
Taung's Modulus:	(b) E', dynes/cm3	5-03 x 10 E, Ib/inch3	0.73 x 106 Density, gm/cc	1.66	
Compressive Strength: Ib/inch3 (b)	1910-2070 Density, gm/cc	1.68	
Veper Praeenra: •C	mm Mercury	
	
210
mnoi-2
АМСР 706-177
FregaseatMlea Teet:
Км WI, МП ЬфеМе, Let WC-91:
Density, gm/cc
Charge Wt, lb
Tetd Mo. ef Frsgiasats:
For TNT
For Subject HE
3 tech HE. M42A1 NejocHte. Let KC-S:
□entity, gm/cc
Chorge 'Vt, lb
Ы* *4	
	^PT vv^P^^Vv^N^vvc
For TNT
For Subject HE
Sboped Otetge IffectteeaeM, TNT = i&t
Glass Cones Steel Cones
Hole Volume
Hole Depth
Cater:	Gray
Principal Uses:	Boob в and depth charged
hAetbed el Loediog:	Cast
Leediag Doecity: gm/cc	1.62-1.68
Fregmiet Velocity: ft/sec
At 9 ft
At 254 »t
Density, gm/cc
Mett 'ЬкНчъТМП:
Air:	
Peek Pressure	115
Impulse	116
Energy	133
Air, Coafteod: Impulse	90
Under Water: Pack Pressure	108
Impulse	126
Energy	110
Underground: Peek Pressure	131
Impulse	139
Energy	14?
Method	Dry
Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance)	Class	9
Compatibility Group	Group	I
Exudation
Preparation:
Mlnol is a castable mixture consisting of
40 percent HIT, 10 percent annonlum nitrate,
end 20 percent powdered aluminum and there-
fore can be prepared by adding the dry in-
gredients to molten W at 903C under agita-
tion. Mlnol also can be prepared by adding
25 parts of aluminum to 100 parts of 50/50
amatol previously prepared.
211
:*мср/о«-П7
mnoi-2
Origin;
Minols are British ternary explosive* developed during World War II. There are three for-
mulations:
Composition, jt;	Minol-1	Minol-2	Minol-3
ТЯТ	18	10	12
Aancnium Nitrate	12	10	38
Aluminum	10	20	20
References:
(a)	L. C. Smith and E. G. Eyster, Physical Testing of Explosives, Part LU - Miscellaneous
Sensitivity Tests; Performance Tests, OSRD Report Ko. 5tw>, 2? December $•
(b)	Philip C. Keenan and Dorothy Pipes, Ihble of Military High Explos'ves, Second Revision,
WORD Report Ko. 87-16, 26 July 19*^6.
(c)	D. P. MacDougall, Methods of Physical Testing, OSRD Report No. 803, 11 August 1912.
(d)	G. H. Messerly, The Bate of Detonation of Various Explosive Compounds, OSRD Report No.
1219, 22 February 19^3-
M. D. Hurwitz, The Bate of Detonation of Various Compounds and Mixtures, OSRD Report
No. 5611, 15 January 19>Яь
(e)	L. C. Smith and S. F Walton, A Consideration of KDX/Wax Mixtures as a Substitute for
Tetryl in Boosters, NOL Memo 10,303, 15 June
(f)	Coemittee of Div 2 and 8, NDRC, Report on HBX and Tritonal, OSRD No. 5I06, 31 July 19^5*
(g)	W. R. Tomlinson, Jr., Blast Effects of Bomb Explosives, PA Technical Div Lecture,
9 April 1Л8.
(h)	Also see the following Picatinny Arsenal Technical Reports on Minol-2: 1585 and 1635-
^See footnote I, page 10.
212
МОХ-1
АМСР 706-177
Г--»пГ1-. Oxidizing agent (Ammonium Perchlorate) Aluminum, atomized Cupric Oxide Magnesium, atomized Other ingredient (Tetryl) Calcium Stearate Graphite, artificial C/H Rotio		Metacotar Weight:		LO.6
	35.0 26.2	Oxygen Botaoce: CO, % CO %		1 8
	26.2 9.7 1.9 1.0	Density: gm/cc	Pressed	2.0
		Melting Point: °C		
		Freezing Feint: *C		
taipact ScaritMty, 2 Kg Wt: Bureau of Mines Apparatus, cm Sample Wt 20 mg Picatinny Arsenal Apparatus, in. Sample Wt, mg		Boiling Feint: *C		
	13 22	1«4«Жр Па» Пп п»		
mCoQw vwOBW^^^^O 1 Wee Steel Sloe Fiber Shoe	De tonetea Unaffected	Vecmnn Stability Teat: cc/40 Hrs, ot 90'C 100’C 120 °C 135*C 150*C		0.4?
Rifle Bniht Impact Teet: Trials % Explosions Partials				
Burned Unaffected		200 Gram Bomb Send Teet: Sand, gm		10.6
RspMen Tompeeotete:	*C Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) — 1 5	285 10 15 20		Sensitivity te Inltietien: Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide Tetryl		0.20 0.25
		BalNetic Mortar, % TNT:		
		Trend Teet, % TNT:		
75*C IMernatisnal Heel Tezt: % Loss in 48 Hrs Diecoloration, fuues, odor				
	None	Plate Dent Test: Method		
100'C Hoot Test: % Loes, 1st 48 Hrs % Loes, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion in 100 Hrs	0.10 0.01 None	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT		
				
Flammability tadex:		ROTwe Confinement Condition Chorge Diameter, in. Density, gm/cc Rote, meten/second		
Hygroocepicky: %				
Volatility:				
213
АМСР 706-177
МОХ-1
Fregnioatetiea Teeh		Shaped Charge Iffocttvenem, TNT = 160:		
90 ем» НЕ. МП hejectHe, U» WC-91: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb	y'	Glass Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth		
Total Ns, ef Ire|n»ti: For TNT For Subject HE 3 tach HE. M42A1 Projectile, Lot KC-S: Density, gm/cc Chorge Wt, lb		Color:	Gray powder mixture		
		Principal Um»: small caliber antiaircraft projectiles		
Total Ns, of Fragment»: For TNT For Subject HE		Method of Leading:		Pressed
		Leading Фомку: gm/cc		
Fragment Velocity: ft/sec At 9 ft At 25% ft Density, gm/cc		At 30.000 pel		2.0
		Storage: Method		Dry
Mast (Relative to TNT):		Hozord Closs (Quantity-Distance)		Class 9
Air: Peek Pressure Impulse Energy		Compatibility Group	Group I Bureau ef Explosives Classification Class A Exudation		
Air, Confined: Impulse Under Water: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Underground: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy		Heet of: Combustion, cal/gm Explosion, cal/gm Gas volume, cc/.yi Performance Tests: 20 am T21$E1 Projectile; IIFOC Pressure Cube APG Blest Cute Activation Energy: kcal/mol Temp, C Time to ignition, seconds	эос 1.78	1*087 2087 212 35 1*0 12.5 to 38p x 10"4
214
М0Х-2В
AMCP 706-177
Семроокюа; % Oxidizing agent (Aoeonium Perchlorate) Altainua, atoilzed Cupric Oxide (tegneiiua, atoaized Other Ingredients* Calciua Stearate Graphite, artificial *5.8,1 КЗ and 3.9JI MT cootedyg		Mohceler V-t’ht:	42
	35-0 52Л	Oxygon Balance: CO, % co %	-4?
		Density: gm/cc	Pressed	2.0
	1.9 1.0	Making Mat: ‘C	
		В	1	Ж - * . » 9 S' orWBNB^ vVliwo	
hapect Sonoi^vity, 2 Kg Wh Bureau of M’nes Apparatus, cm Sample Wt 20 mg Picatinny Arsenal Apparatus, in. Sample Wt, mg		Bailing Point: "C	
	12 24	Refractive Index, n* n£ n£	
"В^БЖЮТ •1 VSe a Steel Shoe Fiber Shoe	Unaffected Unaffected	Vacua» Stability Toot: cc/40 Hrs, ot 90*C 100’C I2O"C 135’C 150"C	0.21
Rifle Ballet Impact Teet: Trials % Explosion:> Partials			
Bur ied Unaffected		200 Gram Booth Saad Test: Sand, gm	11.5
txploeien Trmpcratora:	'C Seconds, 0.1 (n cop used)	— 1 5	375 10 15 20		Sensitivity to Initiation: Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Load Azide Tetryl	0.20 0.20
		BaNiotic Mortar, % TNT:	
		Trarul Toot, % TNT:	
П C Intemotionol Hoot Test: % Loes in 48 Hrs Diocoloration. fUaeo, odor			
	None	Plate Dent Toot: Method	
100‘C Hoot Tool: % Loes, 1st 48 Hrs % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion in 100 Hrs	0.27 0.12 None	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNI'	
-		Detonation Rote: Confinement Condition Charge Diometer, in	
Flammability Index:			
Hygroscopicity: %			
Volatility:		Density, gm/cc Rats, moters/soconc'	
215
АМСР 706-1Т7
М0Х-2В
	Shaped Charge Effectiveness, TNT = 100:
•0 мм HI, МУ1 ProjecMIs, LM WC-91:	Gloss Cones Steel Cones
Dantity, gm/cc	Hole Volume
Charge Wt, lb	Hole Depth
Tefal No. ef FMgaMOte: For TNT	Cote:	Gray
For Subject HE	
	Principal Uses: HE filler for stell caliber
1 loch HE, M42A1 ProjocHte, Let KC4:	project!lea
Density, gm/cc	
Chorge Wt, lb	
Total Me. ef Fragments:	Method ef Lending:	Pressed
For TNT	
For Subject HE	
	Loading Density: gm/cc	2.0
Fregawet Veledty: ft/мс	
At 9 ft	
At 2514 ft	Stwegt:
Deralty, gm/cc	
	Method	Dry
Meet (Motive to TNT):	Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance)	Close 9
Ain Bare Charge:	EW*	EV*	Compatibility Group	Group I
Pook Pressure	1.02	1.34	Bureau of Explosives Class A
Impute	1.08	1.41	Exudation	None
Energy	
Density, gm/cc	1.96	
	Heat of:
Air, Confined:	
Impute	Combustion, cal/gm	4.-84
	Explosion, cal/gm	14','?
Cased Charge in Air:**	Gas volume, cc/gm	22
Pook Pretsure	1.09	1.44	
Impute	1.16	1-5?	Performance Tests:
BNtey			So min T21^E1 Projectile:
Denaity, gm/cc	I.98	IiTOC Pressure Cube	29
Uadorgretrnd:	APG Blast Cube	30
Peek Pressure	
impute	Aviation Energy:
Energy	Itcal/raol	7.6
*EW, equivalent weight as compared to TNT;	Temp, °C	340 to 470o
Ev, equivalent volume aa compered to TNT.	Time to Ignition, seconds 1.39 x 10’2
♦•Strong paper-base phenolic case.	
216
М0Х-2В
АМСР 70< >-177
Effect of Altitude, Charge Diameter and Degree of Confinement on Detonation Velocity»
(Reference g)
Simulated Altitude, Peet	One-Inch Column Confined Unconfined	Two-Inch Column Confined	Unconfined	
	m/s	m/a	n/B	П/В
Ground 30,000 60,000 90,000 Average	Charge would not j prorogate detonation, i	4730 *♦530(3) 4430 4290	Charge would not propa- gate detona- tion.
		41*95	
«Confined charge in 1/4" steel tube, AISI 1015 seamleca, 1" diameter 18" long, and
2" diameter 7" long. All means were determined from sets of five value» unless
otherwise Indicated by ( ). A 26 gm tetryl booster was used to initiate each charg:.
Average Fragment Velocity at Various Altitudes» (g)
Explosive	J Charge Diameter, I	Inches ।  -	Slbiuleted Altitude, Feet			
		Ground	30,000	bb,oob ,	
		m/s	j /•	m/s i	Vs 1
MDX-2B,	1	1	2012	I *H*	**	*»	1
density, gm/cc 207	2	3514	3351	3247	! **
«Outside diameter 2.54"; inside diameter 2.01*"; length 7".
••Charge would not propagate detonation.
217
AMCP 706-177
мох-зв
Competition z Oxidizing agent (potassium Nitrate) 18 Alumiuum, atomized	JO Cupric Oxide Magnesium, atomized Other ingredients*	32 Calcium Stearate»*	2.0 Graphite, artificial**	1.0 *29-15l RDX, 0.9$ wx, and 2.0$ TNT. **Per cent ailed.	Molecular Weight:	45.6
	Oxygon Balance: CO-.- %	.52 CO %	-43
	Density: gm/cc	Pressed	2.0
	Making Point: °C
	Freezing Point: °C
Impact Seaekivity, 2 Kg Wt: Bureau of Mines Apparatus, cm Sample Wt 20 mg Picatinny Arseno1 Apparatus, in.	17 Sample Wt, mg	24	Boiling Feint: °C
	Refractive Index, n° Пм П»
Friction Pendulum Test: Steel Shoe	Unaffected Fiber Shoe	Unaffected	Vacuum Stability Toot: cc/40 Hrs, ot 90°C	-— IOO°C	0.57 120°C 135’C 150°C
Rifle Ballet Impact Test: Trials % Explosions Partials Burned Unaffected	
	200 Great Bomb Saad Test: Sand, gm	33.2
Fsplnsiea Temperature:	'C Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) —- 1 5	540 10 15 20	Sonokhrity to Initietiea: Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate	- Load Azide	0.20 Tetryl	0.15 Ballb.L- Mortar, % TNT:
	Treed Teet, % TNT:
75°C International Hoot Toot: % Loss in 48 Hrs Discoloration, fumes, odor	None	
	Plata Dent Toot: Method Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
100’C Heat Toot: % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs	0.35 % Lou, 2nd 48 Hrs	0.13 Explosion in 100 Hrs	None	
	Detonation Roto: Confinement Condition Charge Diometer, in. Density, gm/cc Rote, meters/se-xmd
Flammability Index:	
Hygroscopicity: %	
Volatility:	
218
мох-зв
АМСР 706-177
Shaped Сйф Effectiveness, TNT - 100:
90 mm HE. M71 Projectile, Let WC-01:
Density, gm/cc
Charge Wt, lb
Gloss Cones Steel Cones
Hole Volume
Hole Depth
al Kemtama^o* В	vWVe VT • For TNT For Subject HE 3 lack HE, M42A1 Projectile, Lot KC4: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb Total No. of Fragments: For TNT For Subject HE	
	Color:	Gray powder mixture
	Principal Uses: Small caliber antiaircraft projectiles
	Method ef Lending:	Pressed
	Lending Density: gm/cc At 30,000 psi	<v2.0
Pre gm ret Velocity: ft/sec At 9 ft	
At 254 ft
Density, gm/cc
Method
Dry
Blest (Raletive to TNT):
Hozord Clou (Quantity-Distance)
Claes 9
Peek Pressure
Impulse
Energy
Compatibility Group	Group 1
Bureau of Explosives Class A
Ab, Confined:
Impulse
Heat of:
Under Water:
Peak Pressure
Impulse
Energy
Pook Pressure
Impulse
Energy
Combustion, cal/gm
Explosion, cal/gm
Gas volume, cc/gm
Performance Tests:
20 mm T215EL Projectile:
NFOC Pressure Cube
APG Blast Cube
Activation Energy:
kcal/mgl
Temp, C
Time to ignition,
seconds
*♦331
900
232
37
52
not Included
erratic ig-
under condl-
Values
due to
nition
tlons of test.
219
АМСР 706-177
MOX-1*B
Crnyiiltlsn. Oxidizing agent (Barium Nitrate) 18 Aluminum, atomized	50 Cupric Oxide Magnesium, atomized Other i ngredients*	32 Calcium Stearate»*	2.0 Graphite, artificial**	1.0 *29.15l RDX, 0.951 wz, and 2.0* 1ЯТ. **Per cent added.	Molecular Welpm :	Mj
	Oxygen Balonco: CO, %	~53 CO %	-^3
	Daneity: ф ,'cc	Pressed	2.0
	Making Pein”: ’C Freesir? Point: °C
Impact Seaaitivity, 2 Kg Wt: Buraou of Mine* Apparatus, cm	78 Sample Wt 20 mg Picatinny Arsenal Apparatus, in.	18 Sample Wt, mg	26	Boding PaW: °C
	Refractive Index, n» Пт n“
Friction Pendulum Vest: Steel Shoe	Sparks Fiber Shoe	Unaffected	V OCUwIR MowWBRTtjF 1	a cc/40 Hrs, ot 90°C IOO°C	J.67 I2O°C 135’C 150°C
Rifle BoNet Impact Teat: Trials % Explosions Partials Bur.ted Unaffected	
	200 Gram Bomb Sand Teet: Send, gm	33.6
tephiiee Temperature:	°C Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) --- 5	610 10 15 20	Sensitivity to Initietien: Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Load Azide	0.20 Tetryl	0.15
	BeWetic Mortar, % TNT:
	Treuzi Teet, % TNT-
75‘C International Meet Teet: % 1 '.4 и 41 Hrs Discoloration, furaes, odor	None	
	Plato Dent Teet: Method Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
100°C Heat Tee»: % Lou,' st 48 Hrs	0.22 % Lou, 2nd 48 Hrs	0.12 Explosion in 100 Hrs	None	
	^^еФе^ВеФбФЯВ ^^фффе Confinement Condition Chorge Diameter, in. Density, gm/cc Rate, meters/second
Flammability .adex:	
Hygroscopicity: %	
Volatility:	
220
МСХ-ЬВ
AMCP 706-177
| Fragmentation Tost: 90 ома HL МП he|octi . Lot WC-91: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb Total No. of Fn^taeafs: Fur TNT For Subject HE 3 lack HL M42A1 Projei * Ut KC-S: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb Total No. of FiogaMata: For TNT For Sub,ret HE	Shaped Charge effectiveness, TNT = 100: Gloss Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Colon	Gray powder mixture
	Priacipei Use»: Small caliber entlaircraft projectties
	McAod of Veoavsp:	p.-essed
	Loodiag Density; gm/cc
FragaMat Velocity: ft/sec At 9 ft At25H ft Density, gm/cc	At 30,000 psi	0
	Method	2r;, Hozord Close'Quantity-Distance)	Clscs	e Cenpct'bility G—up	Group	I Bureau of Explosives Class A
Met. (Koiotivo fa TNT): Ain Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Air, Ceafiaad: Impulse Uador Woion Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Underground: Peak Pressure impulse Energy	
	Heat of: Cocu-uotlon, cal/z.:;	1*392 Explosion cr.l/gm	709 Gas volute, cc/gm	208 Performance Tests: 20 an T21$E1 Projectile: KFOC Pressure Cube APG Blest Cube	^3 Aviation Energy кcal/mol	Values not	included Temp, °C	due to erratic Ignl- Time to ignition, tlor. under	conditions seconds	of test.
221
АМСР 706-177
% Oxldlx'.r^ egent	—- Aluminum, atomized	49.2 Cupric Oxide	19.7 .‘tagneaium, at. mi zed Other ingredients*	29.6 Calvlum Stearate	—-	Molecular Weight:	43	!
	Osygen Boleace: CO.. %	-50 CO %	.42
	DeasHy: gm/cc
Graphite, artificial	1.J *28. (% RDX coated,	wax. C/H Ratio	Making Point: °C
	Freezing /oint: °C
Impact Sonsitioity, 2 Kj Wt: Bureau of AAines Apparatus, cm	7o Sample Wt 20 mg Picatinny Arsenal Apparatus, in	19 Sample Wt, mg	27	Boiling Point: °C
	Refractive ladex, n» Па П»
Friction Psndslem Test: Steel Shoe	Unaffected Fiber Shoe	Unaifected	Vacuum Stability Test: cc/40 Hrs, ot 90°C	—- 100°C	0.43 )20=C I35°C 150’C
Rifle Bullet Impeet Test: Trie Is % Explosions Portiols	
Burned Unaffected	200 Grom Bomb	Test: Send, gm	10 > 8
Explosion Tempe.ata re:	’C Seconds, 0.1	(no	cop used) — 1	... 5	510 10 15 20	Sensitivity to Initiation: Minimum Detonating Chorge, gm Mercury Fu.ninate	.... Lead Azide	0.20 Tetryl	0.16
	Ballistic Mortar, % ' 1- 7:
	Treuzl Tost, % TNT:
7S‘C intamatioaol Heat Test: Loss in 48 Hrs	0.02/10 gm Oilcoloratlon, fumes, odor	None	
	Plate Dent Test: Method
IN C Heat Test: 4> Loss, 1st 48 Hrs	0.00 4 Loss. 2nd 48 Hrs	O.CXj Explosion ,n 100 Hrs	None	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance. % TNT
	Deteaettai life: Confinement Condition Chorge Din*. ieter, in. Density, gm/cc Rote. :.Aet«fs/second
Flammobility lades:	
Hygroscopicity: % jO’-'C. 90^t ЙН, two week:	0.79	
Volatility: 		
мох-бв
АМСР 706-177
Y^a*. *9 mm НС, МЛ Projectile, Ut WC-91: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb Total No. of Frogmoats: For TNT For Subject HE 2 tach HI. M42A1 Projectile, Let KC-S: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb Total No. of Fragments: For TNT For Subject HE	Shaped Charge EHecthreoeu, TNT = 100: Glass Cones Steel Cone* Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Color:	Gray powder mixture
	Frtacipal Usa: Smell caliber antiaircraft projectiles
	Method of Leading:	Pressed
	Loading Daneity: gm/cc At '«0,000 psi	~2.0
Fragment Velocity: ft/sec At 9 ft At 254 ft Density, gm/cc	
	Storage: Method	Dry Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance)	Class	9 Compatibility Group	Grc P	1 Bureau of Explosives Class A
taC (Kotatr.eHTNT): lir. Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Air, Confined: Impulse Under Water: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Undergraend: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	
	Heat of: Combustion, cal/gm	1*293 Explosion, cal/gm	750 Ibb volume, cc/gm	204 Activetion Energy: kcsl/mgl	Values not	included emp, C	due to erratic igr.l- ."!me to Ignition, tlon under	conditions seconds	of test. 	1
AMCP 706-177
MOX-1; MOX-2B; МОХ-ЗЬ; МОХ-bB; МОХ-бВ
Preparation:
We various ingredients used in the preparation of MOX explosives are coated separately as
follows:
Di chromated Atomized Aluminum - Seventy-five grams of chemically pure grade sodium dichro-
ma te is dissolved in 1300 ml Hi 11terв of water at 100°C under mechanical agitation. Six hun-
dred grams of the atomized aluminum powder is added gradually (2 to 3 minutes) and stirring
is continued for half an hour. Ihe dichromated metal is filtered, washed with water (13 to 20
times) until the washings show only a slight cloudiness with silver nitrate, the water-vet
product is then dried in an oven at 30°C. Ihe dried material is hand-rolled to reduce any
conglomerates, and blended before use-
Wax-Coated RDX - Eighteen grams of molten Be Square Special Wax (manufacturer - 100° to
185° Fahrenheit grade amber) is added to 582 grams of finely divided RDX (water precipitated
from acetone solution) in a water slurry under mechanical agitation. The temperature of the
vex-RDX slurry is maintained above the melting point of the wax (about y0°C). The stirring
is continued for half an hour. After cooling to 5O°C, the wax-coated RDX is recovered by
filtration in a Buchner funnel and dried tn air. The RDX thus coated and presumed to be 3^
waxed RDX or a 97/3 RDX/wax mixture is hend-rollsd to crush any conglomerates formed, and
blended by hand before use.
ИТ-Coated Barium Nitrate - Thirty grams of HIT in alcohol solution is added to 270 grams
of barium nitrate in an alcvhol slurry under agitation. Tha temperature of the TNT-barium
nitrate mixture is maintained ut 80°C and stirring is continued until most of the alcohol is
evaporated. The coated material ie spread in a thin layer on a tray to dry in air overnight.
He barium nitrate thus coated with lOft TNT is reduced to an intimate mixture by hand-rolling
ard blending before use.
TNT-Coated Potassium Nitrate - The ИТ-coated potassium nitrate is prepared by the same
procedure as is used for coating barium nitrate.
TIDX/TNT-Coated Anmcnium Perchlorate - The ammonium per chic ue is coated by dissolving the
appropriate weights of RDX and ИТ in hot > 'tobol. After add.. tha ammonium perchlorate,
the ’’ rry is stirred until most of the solvent, .s evaporated. The treated ammonium perchlo-
rate spread, on a tray to dry overnight. Agglomerates formed during the process are crushed
by band-rolling end blending ths mixture before use.
HT-Coated RDX - Sixty grams of rolten TNT are added to s water slurry of 5**0 gram.' of
finely divided RDX Iwater precipitated from acetone solution) under mechanical agitation.
We temperature of the TNT-RDX elurry is maintained at about 90°C and stirring is continued
for half an hour. Alter cooling to about 50°C. the ИТ-coeted RDX is recovered by filtration.
The RDX thus treated, and presumed to be lOJt coated or a 90/10 RDX/TNT mixture, ie further
blended by hand after rolling to crush any aggregates formed during the process.
'Ле MOX explosive mixtures are prepared by blending the appropriate weigh's ol the dry
Ingredients ir. a Patterson-Kelly twin-shell blender for at lerst 30 minutes.
Origin:
MOX tyne explosive m.ix’-res were developed beginning in 1950 by National Northern, techni-
cal division of the National Fireworks Ordnance Corporation, West Hano’.er. Masraohusetts.
,‘Ю.<-1; М0Х-2В; МОХ-ЗВ; МОХ-1В; МОХ-бЗ
АМСР 706-177
References:^1
(а)	А. 0. Mire-chi and А. Т. Wilscn. Development of МОХ Explosives for Improved 20 стп
Amunition, Navy Contract NOrd-10975, Teak 1, National Fireworks Ordnance Corporation; First
Yearly Summary, August 1950 to August 1951.
(Ъ)	A. T. Wilson, Development of MOX Explosives: Various Oxidants in MOX, First Progress
Report NFOC-6, Navy Contract N0rd-123B2, National Fireworks Ordnance Corporation, December 1952.
(c)	A. 0. Mirarcbi, Properties of Explosives: Theory of the MOX Explosion, First Progress
Report NF0C-10, Navy Contract NOrd-11393, National Fireworks Ordnance Corporation, December
1952.
(d)	A. 0. Mimrchi, Properties of Explosives. MOX ^ L^aives in Various Atmospheres,
Firat Progress Report NFOC-9, Navy Contract NOrd-11393, National Fireworks Ordnance Corpora-
tion, 1952.
(e)	A. T. Wilson, Development of MOX Explosives: Composition Variations, First Progress
Report NFOC-7, Navy Contract N0rd-li3bi, National Fireworks Ordnance Corporation, 1952.
(f)	A. T. Wilson, Development of MOX Explosives: Various Oxidants in MOX, Second Progress
Report NFOC-14, Navy Contract NOrd-136M, national Fireworks Ordnance Corporation, October
1953-
(g)	A. W. O'Brien, Jr., C. W. Plummer, R. P. Woodburn and V. Philipchuk, Detonation
Velocity Determinations and Fragment Velocity Determinations ox Varied Explosive Systems
and Conditions, National Northern Corporation Fins! Seminary 'eport NNC-F-13, February 1958
(Contract B3T19-O2O-5Ol-ORD-(P)-58).
(h)	P. Z. Kalanski, Air Blast Evaluation cf M0X-2B Cased and Bare Charges, NAVORD Report
No. 3755, 5 April 1956.
(i)	Also see the following Picatlnny Arsenal Technical Reports on MOX Explosives: 1935,
1969, 2201. 2205-
^See footnote 1 , p.
АМСР 706-177
Nitrocellulose, .g.6jb (NC)
Composition:	Г	/ %	’но С 26.U6	!	. Н н	2>Й	М Пн	Г'Х N	12.60	X	Н	Н 0	>6.16	с-к J< X-ONOp	1	><	х L	к _	n	Molecolor Weight:	(272.39)n
		Oxygen Faience: CO.. %	-35 CO %	0.6
		Density: gm/cc
		Malting Feint: *C
С/Н Ratio 0.23		Froexing Point: *C
Impact Sensitivity, 2 Kg Wt: Bureau nf Mines Apparatus, cm 8 Sample Wt 20 mg Picatinny Arsenal Apparatus, in. 3 Sample Wt, mg	5		Boiling Point: "C
		Refractive Index, n» П?. n°
Fricciea Pendulum Toot: Steel Shoe E'ter Shoe		Vacuum Stability Teet: cc/40 Hrs, ot 90“C	0.17 IC0"C	1.0 I2O°C	16 hours	11.+ 135'C 150‘C 200 Gram Bomb Sand Tost: Sand, gm	4>.0
Rifle Ballet Impact Toot: Trials % Explosions Portiols Burned Unaffected		
Explode* Temperature:	°C Seconds, 0.1 (no cop used) 1 5 Decomposes 170 10 15 20		Sensitivity to Initiatioa: Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Aside	0.10 Tetryl
		Ballistic Mortar, % TNT:
		Tratal Toot, % TNT:
7S*C InHmoHofMl Нм* Test: Lou in 48 Hrs		
		Plate Doot Toot: Method Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
100'C Heat Teel: % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion in 100 Hrs		
		Detonation Roto: Confinement Condition Chorge Diomeler, in. Density, gm/cc Rote, meters/second
Flammability Index:		
Hygroscopicity: % 30°C, 9C$ RH	3		
Volatility: 60°C, n^/cn/v/hr	0.0		
226
Nitrocellulose, 13.45j6 N (iic)
AMCP 706-1’7
% c	25.29 н	2.52 N	13-1*5 0	58.74 X-0N02 C/H Ratio 0.23	1	1 tv* 0 X—p /	\ - ж ж X XX !	__i	u	Molocvler Weight:	<r86-34)n
			Oxygen Boknce CO- %	-29 CO %	4.7
			Density: gm/cc
			МаШад Mat: °C	Deconrpoeee
			Freezing Point: °C
Impact Sensitivit,, 2 Kg Wt: Bureau of Mines Apparatus, cm 9 Sample Wt 20 mg Picatinny Arsenal Apparatus, in. 3 Semple Wt, mg	5			Boiling Point: *C
			Fefracthre Index, ng ng ng
Friction Pondahim Test: Steel Shoe Fiber Shoe			Vacaam . ' *4ty Toot: cc/40 H.s, at 50°C	O’.	42 100*C	1.5 I2O°C	11.+ 135°C 150°C
Rifle Ballet Impact Tost: Triols % Explosions Portiols Burned Unaffected			
			200 Gram Boma Send Toot: Sand, gm	49.0
Explosion Temporaturo:	°C Seconds, 0 1 (no cap used) 1 5	230 10 IS 2G			Seasitivkty to Inttintkn: Minimum Detonating Choree, pm Mercury Fuhnin. ,• Lead Azide	0.10 Tetryl
			Ballistic Mottos, % TNT:	125
			Tread Tert, % TNT:
7S°C latoraetieaol Hoot Toot: % Loss in 48 Hrs			
			Plate tent Tort: Method Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
1U0°C Hoot Test: % Loss, 1st 48 Irs	0. 3 % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs	0,0 Explosion m 100 Hrs	None			
			Ж —_ —nJ — _ B-*-, V^Tert^nrtrt "vTw  к .onfinement Condition Chorge Diameter, in Density, gm/cc	1,20 Rate, melers/second	7300
flommohilrrz Index:			
Hygrascopkity: % 30°C, 90/>	~ 2			
Volatility: 6O°C, og/ca^/nr	0.0			
227
AMCP 706-177
Nitrocellulose. ib.lbjt N (lie)
% f . C	2b. 25 H	2.3T И	lb.lb 0	59-2U x-ono2 C/H Ratio 0.23	‘1 C h 1 2I~SU Г"х x 1 H ° / \ A x 		J n	Molecular Weight:	(297• 15)n
		Oxygen Balance: CO; %	-2b О %	8
		Density: gm/cc	1.65-1.70
		Melting Point: °C	Decomposes
		Freezing Point: °C
Impact Sensitivity, 2 Kg Wt: Bureau of Mines Apparatus, cm 8 Sample Wt 20 mg Picatinny Arsenal Apparo’js, in. 3 Sample Wt, mg	5		Boiling Point: °C
		Refractive Index, nJ nJ nJ
Friction PendahMi Teet: Steel Shoe Fiber She:		Vocones Stability Tost: cc/40 Hrs, at 90”C	l.b6 !00°C	lb hours	11.+ l;T°C	16 hours	Ц.+ 135 C I5O°C
Rifle Ballet Impoct Teet: Triols % Explosions Partials Burned Unaffected		
		20Э Crees Bomb Sand Toot: Sand, gm	52. 3
txpiosioa Temperature:	’C Seconds, 0.1 (nc cop used) 1 10 15 20		Sensitivity to Initiation: Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulmmo’e Lead Azide	C.10 Tetryl
		Ballistic Mortar, % TN F:
		Trauzl Test, % TNT:
7S*C Intornatioaal Heat Teet: % Loss in 48 Hrs		
		Plate Dent Toot-. Method Condition Confined Density, fm/cc Brisance, % TNT
100 C Heat Teet: % Loss. 1st 48 Hrs % Loss, 2nd 43 Hra Explosion in 100 Hrs		
		Detonation Rote: Confinement Condition Charge Diameter, in Density, gm/cc Rate, meters/second
Flammability Index:		
Hygroscopicity: % 30°C, 90S KH	1		
Volatility: 60°C, mg/cm^/hr	0.0		
228
nitrocellulose (NC)
АМСР 706-177
90 mm HI, M71 Projectile, Lot WC-91: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb Total Na. ef FrogtaoeH: For TNT For Subject HE 3 inch HL M42A1 Projectile, Let KC4: Density, gm/cc Chorge Wt, lb TTet^tl	^ir^t^jasoate. For TNT For Subject HE	Shaped Charge FWoctivenees, TNT = 100: Glass Cones Steel Cones Holo Volume Hole Depth
	Color:	Volte
	Principal Usee: Pyroxylin (12jb N). blasting explosives; pyrocellulose (12.бО$ Л), smokeless powder; guncotton (13-35$ N minimum), propellants
	Method ri hooding:
	Lending Deaeity: gm/cc
Fragment Velocity: ft/sec At9ft At25ttf< Density, gm/cc	
	SttfVQQo Method	Vet (8% to 3#> wa.nr) Hoiord Clou (Quontity-Distonce)	Class	12 Compatibility Group	Group	M (wet) Exudation	None
Meet (Kolotive to TNT): Ain Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Ab, Coafloci' Impulse Under Water: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Underground: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	
	Heat of; Combustion, cal/jm	PU09*	2313»*	2226*** Explosion, cal/gm	855*	965**	1058*** Gas Volume, cc/gm	919*	883»*	853*** Fornatlon, cal/gm	617*	561«*	513*** *	12.6# N *	* 13-^556 N *	** 1U.1U$ N Vapor Pressure: °C	стп Mercury 25	0.00 60	0.00
229
АМСР 706*177
Nitrocellulose (NC)
Solubility in Water, gm/100 gm, at:	1£.6)6 h	13. b5* N	14.0» N
25°C	Insoluble	insoluble	Insoluble
6o°c	Insoluble	Insoluble	Insoluble
Solubility, gm/100 gm, 25°C, in:			
Ether	Insoluble	Insoluble	Insoluble
Alcohol	Very slight- ly soluble	Practlcslly insoluble	Insoluble
2: l-Ether:Alcohol	Soluble	Slightly soluble (6)6-11)6)	Practically insoluble (1 - 1)
Acetone	Soluble	Soluble	Soluble
2b>Hour Hydrolysis Test, » Nitric Aci-	1.22	1.03	
Preparation of NitrocelluloBe from Cotton Linters:
(laboratory Procedure)
Nitration: Second cut cotton linters, previously dried to a moisture content of 1е«:я than
0.5^, are nitrated by timers ion in mixed acid under the following conditions:
Ratio of Mixed Acid to cotton 55 to 1
Composition of Mixed Acid (approximate)
a.	for 12.6)6 N: HgSO^ 63.5)6, HNOj 21)6, H2O 15-5)6
b.	for 13. Ц N: H2SO4 68)6, HN03 22)6, H20 10.0)6
Temperature of acid at the start	3b°C
Time of nitration	2b minutes
During the nitration period the mixture is turned over occasionally to keep the acid homo-
geneous. The mixture is then filtered on a Buchner funnel with suction for about three min-
utes and then drowned rapidly with strong hand stirring in at least 50 volumes of cold vtter.
After the nitrocellulose has settled, most ol the water is decanted and fresh water added.
The nitrocell lose-water mixture is boiled and the acidity adjusted to 0.25^ to 0-50)6 as ligSOj.
The sour boil is continued for at least 2b hours for pyrocellulose and at least bO hours for
gun-cotton. Additional boiling with changes of water are made in accordance with the govern-
ing specification (jAN-N-2bb).
Pulping: The nitrocellulose Is then pulped in a laboratory Holland-type ptper beater.
Enough sodium carbonate is added to keep the reaction faintly alkaline to phenolphthalein.
Pulping is continued to the desired degree of fineness.
Poaching: After washing the nitrocellulose from the beater, the mixture is filtered and
the product boiled for b hours with fresh water while stirring mechanically. From time to
time a little cc-dlvia carbonate solution is added to maintain the mixture faintly 1 Lkaline I?
phenolphthalein. The water is decanted and the boiling continued. According to the specifi-
cation, the total boiling treatment with poachi. Is as follows:
230
NitrocelluloBe (NC)
АМСР 706-177
U houra boiling with or without sodium carbonate
2 hours boiling without sodium carbonate
1 hour boiling without sodium carbonate
1 hour boiling without sodium carbonate.
Each boil is followed by settling and change of water.
Washing; The nitrocellulose is then washed by mechanical agitation with water. A minimum
of two washes are given. If a sample taken after ths water washes gives a minimum test of
35 minutes in the 65.5°C Heat Test and 30 minutes in the 13^-5°С Heat Test, the nitrocellulose
is satisfactorily stabilized. Otherwise additional washes should be g±ven.
Origin;
Cellulose occurs in nature. It is wood fiber, cell wall and the structural material of all
plants. Cotton fiber is pure, cellulose. Nitrocellulose was discovered about 184? by C. F.
Schonbein at Basel .d R. Bcttger at Frankfort-on-the-Main independently of each other when
cotton vas nitrated. T. J. Pelouze had nitrated paper earlier (1838) and was probably the
first to prepare nitrocellulose.
Pyroxylin or collodion, which is soluble in a mixture of ether and ethanol, contains from
8$ to 12% nitrogen. It is used in the manufacture of celluloid and in composite blasting
explosives.
Pyrocellulose, a type of nitrocellulose of 12.6% nitrogen content, con?;. ’y soluble i.i 2
mixture of parts ether and one part ethanol, was developed by Mendeleev ( ,1-1895). This
material, when colloided, formed the first smoke 1е^з powder for military use in the ’united
States (1898).
Guncotton for military purposes t у contains a minimum of lj.35% nitrogen. It is only
slightly soluble in ether-ethanol, but completely soluble in acetone. Principal use is in
flashless powders and as flame carriers. I1*. 14$ N nitrocellulose represents a theoretical
limit.
In the manufacture ~f propellants, there is used a mixture of pyrocellulose and guncotton
(b’’"deri nitrocellulose) of 15*15% to 13-25% nitrogen content.
restruct!on by Chemical Decomposition;
Nitrocellulose is decomposed by adding it, with stirring, tc 5 times its weight of 10$
sodium hydroxide heated t; ?0°C. Stirring is continued for 15 minutes after all the nitro
cellulose bee bee.; added.
References;47
(a) See the followin' Picatinr.; Arsenal Technical Reports on Nitrocellulose:
1, page 10.
AMCP 706-177
Nitrocellulose (NC)

0
10
1	2	2	4	2	6	1	8	2
41	72	13	4	125	86	167	8	19
101	332	33	24	475	576	327	198	29
2?]	402	43	114	485	586	407	208	69
351	422	133	174	495	796	717	278	169
551	542	233	194	555	916	787	388	279
831	572	253	334	705	1016	987	408	499
851	652	273	374	965	1026	1187	588	659
971	662	6=3	394	1065	1066	1197	718	669
1031	752	673	724	Г.25	1206	1267	758	709
.1041	802	68ч	804	1135	1256	1297	778	739
1071	952	773	894	1205	1276	1327	808	779
1151	1012	793	1024	1265	1306	1407	838	809
1201	1032	963	1054	1275	1316	1427	8r8	909
1221	1142	1023	1074	1#5	1516	1447	1058	1119
1231	1242	12. 1	1084	1375	.’55*	1487	1228	1159
1331	1262	1273	1174	1745	1616	1587	1238	1249
1351	1362	1443	1274	1755	1.786	1637	1248	1309
1391	1392	1653	1304	1845	2056	1717	1348	1329
1401	1642	1753	1314	1905		1817	1398	1349
1421	1812	1813	1384	1915		1827	1478	1399
1501	1852	186°	1394	1955		1847	1528	1439
1541	1912	18' 3	1454			2107	1638	1449
1681	1992	1973	1674			2137	1678	1619
1691	2022		1754				1838	1799
1731	2102		1814				1898	1809
1781			1824				1918	1869
1811			2144				2098	2119
1831							2206	2189
1841								
1851								
1931								
1961								
199i
2071
2101
2181
2201
232
ititroglycerlr. (Lliuid)
АМСР 706-177
	Metocufer Weight: (с^ЦЯ,0д)	227
ъ с	15-9	н с—оно. 2|	2 Н	2.2	НС — <И02 И	18.5	н2^—оио2 о	63.U C/H Rotic 0.Ю9	Bsleecw* CO, %	3.5 CO %	2U. 5
	25°c, Liquid 1.59; Daaslty.gm/cc	г
	— *C Labile form	2.2 	j reran к.	fom	.13,2
	Fnsslrg Potato 'C
СмлШмЬы 9 If м 4tfBe MipW* «ОТВСЖеТмур * ВВЦ WTT Buraou of Мпг» Apparatus, an	1> Sample ?*. 20 mg Picotinny Arwrol Apparatus, In. 1 lb wt	1 Sample Wt, mg	BeMag Potato 'С Decompose*	11»5
	BrfsecNse Udes, nb	1.1»732 ni	1.1»T13 n£
Steal She*	Explodes Fiber Shoe	Vaaaaai StabMy Test: cc/40 Hrs, at 90*C се/да^б hr*	1. 6 100'C cc/ge/16 hr*	11+ 120'C I35*C 150*C
RNh BaMst Impact Tlssto	Trials % Explosions	100 Partials	0	
Burned	0 Unaffected	0	NO Штата Barah Saud Test: Sand, gm Liquid aathod	51.5
Ixpteste"» ТмерогеНие:	*C Seconds, 0.1 bw cap used) 1 5 Explode*	222 10	Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fjlminet* lead Atid* Tetryl
20	BaOMe Metter, « TNT: (a)	140
	Ttaata T«*t.«T*rri	(b)	181
75' I tatereetieaU Heat Test: 9 Loss In 48 Hrs	
	Ptete D«H Test: Method
IBB'CHeutTesto % Loss, 1st 48 H«	3*6 % Lou, 2nd 48 Hrs	3>5 Exp osion In 160 Hrs	None	Condition Confined Density, gn/cc Brisance, % TNT
	ОеГмеНм Bate: Confinement	Sl**«	J'eel Condition	Liquid	Liquid Charge Diameter, in.	0.39	1,25 Density, gm/cc	1.6	l.o Rote, meters/seennd 1600-1906	7700
НеташЬИку lades:	
Hygrercepfeky: % 30°C, 9C# RH	0.06	
VetafMy: 60°C, вг?/сш2/Ьг	0.11	
zn
АМСР 706-177
nitroglycerin (Liquid)
- »- - *——t»t--t^— •Wwiwl’Wy 1 Condition Tetryl, gm Wax. in. for 50% Detonation Wax. gm DenUty, gm/cc	Oxygen, otoms/sec	10 *	10 (Z/tec) Hoot, kilocalorie/mole	41.4	45.0 (AH, kcal/mol) Temperature Range, *C 90-135	125-150 Phase	Liquid	Liquid
Heat of: Combustion, cal/gm	1616 Expiation, col/gm	,	1600 Gai Volume, cc/gm	715 Formation, cal/gm	JV	^00 Fusion, cal/gm	" Detonation, cal/в»	l1^	Armor Plate hnpoct Tech <iP mm Metter Projectile: 50% Inert, Velocity, ft/sec Aluminum Fineness 5Ф0-* General Parpeoe Bembe: Mote Th.’cknass, inches 1 1'4 IM:
Spodflc Heth cal/gm/*C Liquid	0.356 Solid	0-315	
cm/sec	
	CoaA Drop Test: 17,200Ф* Semi-Armer-Pierciep Bomb vs Coeemte: ЛЛох Safe Drop, ft SOO-lb General Perpoea bomb vs Caacrete: Height, ft Trials Unaffected Low Order High Order 1000-lb General Pwpeea Bomb vs Concrete: Height, ft Trials Unaffected Low Order High Order
col/sec/rm/’C	
CoeMdont of TxpeMien: Linoo-, %/’C Volume, %/’C	
	
E', dynes/cm1 E, Ib/inch3 Density, gm/cc	
Compraeelve Strength: Ib/inch1	
Vopor Prosoma: °C	an Mercury	°C	m Mercury 2C	0.00025	60	0.0186 30	О.ООО83	70	0.043 UO	0.0021	80	0.098 50	O.OC73	90	0.23	
	
•XU
Nitroglycerin (Liquid)
AMCP 706-177
90 nun HI, M71 PiejecMe, Let WC-91: Detu.*y, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb Tefal No. of Fragssaets: For TNT For Subject HE, 3 inch HI, M42A1 Projectile, Let KC-3: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb Total No. of fregowatt: For TNT For Subject HE	Shaped Charge IffosttooMM, TNT s llbt Gloss Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth Color:	Colcrless
	Principal Usee: Propellant ingredient, demoli- tion explosive ingredient, grenade burster Ingredient
	МоИмй W LmAaq ‘
	Loading Density: gm/cc
Fragment Velocity: ft/sec At 9 ft At 25 Ц ft Docsity, gm/cc	
	Method With acetone or other desensitizer, generally not stored Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance)	Class 9 Compatibility Group Exirdatian
toot (lototfre to TNT): Air: Peek Pressure Impulse Energy Air. Cer^ned: Impuhe Under Water: Peek Pressure Impulse Energy Peek Pressure Impulse Energy	
	Heat of Transition, cal/gm:
	Transition: Liquid —•	labile	5.2 labile —»	stable	28.0 Liquid —»	stable	33-2 Hydrolysis, % Acid; 10 days at 22°C	<0.002 5 days at 60°C	0.005 82.1°C KI Test; Minutes	10+
235
AMCP 706-177
Nitroglycerin (Liquid)
0— Evolved at Atmospheric Pressure, cc;
Эач>1е Wt, gm		1.6
TMverature, °C	65	75
Time, hours	20	-tO
Volume of gas, cc	nil	nil
Viscosity: (c)	Centipoises
10 20 30 Uo 50 6o	69.2 36.0 21.0 13.6 9Л 6.8
Fragmentation Teat:
20 m HE, Жгк 1, Projectlie, Total No.
of Fregsenta for:
Nitroglycerin	22
Tetranitroawthane	17
Minimum Propagating Diameter: (d)
	<im Diameter for	
It Pliacthj^lphthalate	Mln. Propagating	Blur'S in
	Tilameter, Inches	inches
0	(3/16 Cairns)	Л/16
5		1/6
10	1/9	3/16
15	1Д	3/8
20	3Д	7/1?
22.5	1	'2
25	1-55	2
Senaltlvlty to Electro ata tic ^'auharge, uvulas (teet condition, unvonflned;
no value given Tv? conf-neaentlT "	"	>li>5
Solubility, gramc of nltroglycerin/lOO дп «) t>f;
Water		Alcohol		TricM-frethylene		Carbon Tetrachloride	
	i	°C	1	°C	4	°C	2
15	0.16	0	ЭТ-5	Rm	22	Rm	2
20	0.18	20	51.0				
50	O.25						
2:16
Nitroglyceri 1 (Liquid)
АМСР 706-177
Carbon Disulfide	gm/ICO gn (*), at 25°C in
°C	J	Ether 2:1, Ether: Alcohol >100
Ambient	1	Acetone	”
Soluble in all Proportions in:
Methanol
Acetone
Ether
Ethyl acetate
Asyl acetate
Methyl nitrate
Ethyl nitrate
Nitroglycol
Tetrani trodlglyceri ne
Acetic acid
Benzene
Toluene
Solubility in NO, of:
Alcohol	IWT
°C	J	°C	J
О	ЗЛ	20	’5
20
50
Phenol
Pyridine
Xylene
Nitrobenzene
p-Nitrotolusne
Liquid DKT
Chloroform
Ethyl chloride
Ethyl bromide
Tetrachloroethylene
DI chloroethylene
Trimethyleneglycol Ш.nitrate
TNT	Water
20	30	25	0.06
ch„— он
I 2
CH ---OH
I
CH2---CH
+ 3HNO3
№2-0N02
ch —oso„
I 2
CH2—0N02
+ 3H20
Glycerine it usually nitrated at 25°C, or below, by adding it very slowly to a well agitated
mixture of nitric and sulfuric adds, e.g., **0/59.5/0.5, nitric acid/sulfurlc add/water, us-
ing an acid/glycerine ratio of approximately 6. Agitation of the rearcion mixture is accom-
plished by use of compressed air. A rapid temperature rise, or appearance of red fumes, auto-
matically requires dumping of the charge, Immediately, into a drowning vessel filled with
water. After all the glycerine has bean added to the nitrator, agitation and cooling are con-
tinued until the temperature drops to about 15°C, and the charge is then run into a separator
where the NG rises to the top, and is run off to the neutralizer- The nitroglycerin is
washed first with water, then with sodium carbonate, and finally with water. The resultant
NG when washed with water, produces washings which do not color phenolphthalein, and itself
is neutral to litmus paper.
237
АМСР 736-177
Nitroglycerin (Liquid)
Origin:
Nitroglycerin was first prepared in 1846 or 184т by Ascanio Sobrexo, an Italian chemist
(Mam Acad Torino (2) 10, 195 (184т)). For several years after this discovery, nitroglycerin
attracted llttxe interest as oa explosive until Alfred Nobel in 1864 patented improvements in
its manufacture and method of initiation (British Patent 1813)• Nobel gave the name dynamite
to mixtures of nitroglycerin and ton-explosive absorbents, such as charcoal, siliceous earth
or Kieselguhr (British Patent 1345 (186?)) later developments led to gelatine dynamites,
ammonia dynamites, and so colled straight dynamites, The first propellents using nitrogly-
cerin vere called Ballistite (Nobel, British Patent 1471 (1888)) and Cordite (/bel and Dever,
British Patents 5614 and 11,664 (1889)).
Destruction by Chemical Decogwaition;
Nitroglycerin Is decomposed by adding it slowly to 10 times its weight of 18$ sodium sul-
fide (NagS-'JHg'1). ’ieat is liberated by this roection; but this is not hazardous if stirring
is maintained during the addition of nitroglycerin and continued until solution is complete.
References: 48
(a)	A. H. Blatt, Coepilation of late on Organic Explosives, OSRD Report No. 2014, 29 Feb-
ruary 1°44.
(b)	Ph. ifaoum, 2. gee Schiess-Sprangstoffw, pp. 181, 229, 267 (27 June 1932).
(c)	Inndolt - Bernstein.. ttysitelisch-Chemische Tabellen, 5th Ed. (1923) •
International Critical Tables.
В. T. fedoroff et al, A Manual for Explosive Laboratories, Vol T-IV, lafax Society,
Inc., Philadelphia, 1943, 1946.
(d)	H. A. Strecker, Initiation, Propagation and Luminosity Studies of Liquid Explosives,
OSRD Report No. 5609, 3 leoember 194$.
(e) Also see the following Picatlnny Arsenal Tec						hnical Reports on Nitroglycerin:			
	1	2	1	4	ч X.	6	7	8	2
620	511	652	233	454	1155	1206	817	768	69
660	551	672	343	494	1235	1456	837	1348	249
8oo	701	792	673	1024	1955	1196	1197	1398	579
1020	891	922	903	1074	2015	1556	129т	1738	709
1150	911	1142	1023	1084		1616	1637	1918	1349
1210 1410 1620 1680	1031 1041 1151 1191 1221 1611 1651 1691 1731 1781 1851 1931 2021 2181 2201	1232 1362 1542 1662 16% 1742 1752 1992	1443 1643 1663 1863 1993	1454 1524 1624 1674 1754		1786 1816 1896 2056	1817 1847	2096	1359 2119
48See footnote 1, page 10,
238
Hitroguanidlne
AMCP ZVe-177
&	Molecular Weight: (CfyfyOg)	104
c 11.5	nh2 H 3-9	НИ— c	Osygoa OeSaace: co, %	-31 CO %	-15.4
N 53-8	'Y*	Deaelty: gm/c	Crystal	1.72
NO,. 0	30.8	2	M0M41 Niat: *C	238
C/H Rotio 0.038	ГОгЖг
hapoct Seaoitivity. 2 Kg Wt: Bureau of Minos Apparatus, an	47 Simple Wt 20 mg Picatinny Arsenal Apparatus, in.	26 Sample Wt, mg	7	a_wt_- lulah. *f* Ж^ЯВоее
	Refractive lodes, n» n& n°
Т^Д,	f a\ ГтЩН rWWwHI eWOTa	\~J Steel Shoe	Unaffected Fibe.' Shoe	Unaffected	T^h^wHi 4vw*vv<y • bw; cc/40 Hrs, at 90*C ioo’c	; "-3T 120'C	0-44 135*C 150*C
Rifle Met tagaet Teet: 5 Trials (e) % Explosions	0 Partials	0	
Burned	0 Unaffected	100	200 Grom BeaA Scad Toot: Sand, gm	3^.0
Iwpliiln Tomperetere:	°C Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) 1 5 Тэееошровев 275 10 15	Saaaitivity to laMotioa: Minimum Ootonoting Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide	0.20 Tetryl	0.10
20	BoOtatic Mortar, % TNT: (а)	ю4
	. Travsl Toot. % TNT:	(b)	101
79’C latemotioeel Hoot Teet: % Lou in 4» Hrs	0.04	
	Hate Deot Test:	(c) Method	A
ICO'C Hoot Test: % L-su, 1st 48 Hrs	0.18 % ’ла, 2nd 48 Hrs	C.09 Explosion in 100 Hrs	None	Condition	Pressed Confined	Ho Density, gm/cc	1.50 Brisance, % TNT	95
	DetanetiM Rata:	(e) Confinement Condition Charge Diameter, in.
71еяммЫШу Index:	
Hygroscopicity: % 30°C, 90^ RH	.Nine	
Volatility:	None	Density, f m/cc	1-55 Rote, meters/second	7^50
239
Mltroguanidlne
AMCP /иб-177
Frogsseatetioa Test. W нмп HE. МП Projectile. Let WC-91: Deteity, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb Yetel No. ef FregeseeH: For TNI For Subject HE 3 tech HE. M42A1 Projectile. Let KC4: Density, gm/cc ChorgeWt, lb Tefal No. of Fregnients: For TNT For Subject HE	Shaped Charge Effectiveness. TNT = 100: Gloss Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Celon	Colorless
	Principal Uses: Propellant composition ingredient, bursting chorga ingredient
	MMhed eff Leodtef:
	Loading Density; gm/cc At 3300 psi	0.95
FrogoMat Votedty: ft/sec At» ft At 25Ц ft Domity, gm/cc	
	Storage. Method	Dry Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance)	Cisse	9 Compatibility Group	Croup	I Exudation
Moot (Motive to TNT): Alt: Peek Pressure Impulse Energy Air, Csnfieeft Impulse Under Woton ’oak Pressure Impulse Energy Underground: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	
	Solubility, gm/100 gm ($), in; °c„ Water	25	0.44 100	9.1 < 1.0 H Potassium Hydroxide	25	l.i Sulfuric Acid	0	3-*** 25	8.0* * gm/100 cc solution Booster Sensitivity Test:	(d) Condition	Pressed Tetryl, gm	100 Wax, in. for 50$ Detonation	0.6Г Density, gm/cc	1.41 Heat of; Combustion, cal/gm	1995 Explosion, cal/gm	751 Gas Volume, cc/gm	1077 Formation, cal/gm	227
240
Nitroguanidine
АМСР 706-177
Preparation;
(Chemistry of Powder and fxplosirei, Davis)
V.
N02 — uh
C — NH
HHO,
Dehydration j
C *»KH
V
Four hand ed gee of dry guanidine nitrate is added in email portions to JOO cc concentrated
sulfuric acid at 10°C, or below. As soon as all crystals have disappeared the milky solution
is poured into 3 liters of ice-water, and allowed to stand until crystallization is complete.
The product is filtered, rinsed with water, and recrystallized from about 4 liters of boiling
water, yield about 90^.
Origin;
Xltroguanidine was first prepared in 1877 by Jousselin, but it was 1900 before it found
use in propellant ««positions. During World War I, nitroguanidine was used by the Gereons
as an Ingredient of bursting charge explosives.
Destruction by Chemical Decospositlon;
Xltroguanidine is decoEposed by dissolving in 15 times its weight of kyfi sulfuric acid at
roots temperature and warming the solution until gas is evolved Hee ting is continued for one-
half hour.
Hefansccss;49
(a) I>. C. Smith and E. G. Foster, Physical Testing of Explosives, Pa-1 III - Miscellaneous
Sensitivity lasts; Performance Tests, OSRD i’eport Ko. 571*6, 27 December 1945.
(o) Canadian Report, CE-12, 1 May-15 August 191*1.
(c) D. P. MacDougall, Methods of Physical Testing, OSRD Report No. flOJ, 11 August 1942.
(d) L. C. Smith and S. R. Walton, A Consideration of RDX/Wax Mixtures as a Substitute for
Tetryl in Boosters, HOL Memo 10,303, 15"June 1949.
(a) Departments of the Агву and the Air Force TH 9-19Ю/ТО 11A-1-34, Military Explosives,
April 19».
ла
Sea footnote I, page 10,
241
АМСР 704-177
Mltroguenidlne
G?) Also ем t	he following Picatinny Araenal Technical Reports on Ritroguanldlne:						
i	1	2	2	6	1	8	2
1U90	1391 2181 2201	1282 1392 2142	1183 1423 2193	1336	907 2177	758	1439 1749
242
Nitroisdbutylelycerol Trinitrate (М1ВТЯ) Llguid
AMCP7M-177
' Ceerperitiev	Metorafar Weight: (С^ОДО^ )	286
ъ c	16.8	0g«0-CH2 H	2.1	Oxyg** Bataeeo: CO, %	o.o CO %	22
OgWO^CHg 11 	C KUg N 19.6	Piailtyi gm/cc	20°C	1.64
.	OJO-CH< 0	61.5	2	2	Bml^t	i
C/H Rotiu 0.126	Framing Nat: *C	.39
Impact Seoaietvity, 2 Kf Wt: Bureau of Mina* Apparatus, cm	25 Sample Wt 20 mg Picotinny Arsenal Apparatus, In. Sample Wt, mg	rwrai
	Refractive Index, n£ n>	1.1*896 i£	1.1*871*
Frictiao FwMue Test: Steel Shoe Fiber Shoe	0		 Ta^t cc/40 Hrs, ot 90’C 100 °C 120°C 135°C 150°C
Rifle Reflet Impart Test: Trials % Explosions Partials	
Burned Unaffected	200 Стам Всей Read Teet:
Captation Tomperetare:	°C Seconds, 01 (no cap used) 1 5 Ignites 185 10	a	мДйЬЬм Minimum Detorrating Chorge, gm Mercury Fubnlnote Lend Azide Te:r0
13 20	Bafltaic Mortar, % TNT*
	Trawl Teet, % TNTt
79°C iMarnetioaol fleet Teet: % Loes in 48 Hrs	
	Flett Dorrt Teat: Method
100’C Meet Test: % Lass, 1st 48 Hrs % loss, 2nd 48 hrs Explosion in 100 Hrs	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisonce, % TNT
	DateooMea Rate: Confinement	Gloea (1 gm well) Condition	Liguid Chorge Diameter, In.	0*39 Density, gm/cc	1.64 Rate, metors/socond	7860
—	i—.4	 IWVvXi	
Об nyjlWRe^WWyr	
VetoMityt	p 25°c, ng/ca /21* hre	0.127 x 10"’	
243
АМСР 706-177
Nitroleobutylalyeerol Trinitrate (КНУД?) liquid
«е хм к мл PNiMtn*, ut wc-*it Oamity, gm/cc Cxage Wt, b Total Не. Ргадвиейк For TNT Fo. Subject HE 1laab HE, M42A1 NMmMo, Lrt KC4: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, № Total No. of Fmgteaote: For TNT For Sublet HE	Shaped Charge Hterttvearte, TNT - 100i Stat Come Steal Conor Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Cebn	Yello» oil
	Mariyil UteK	Gelatin!xlng agent for nitrooelluloae
	MetteE ef LaeMagt
	Leortag Daedty: gm/cc
FragoMot Vetatey: ft/iec At 9 ft At 254 ft Dimity, gm/cc	
	Method	Liquid Hozord Ctate K^nntity-Dirtonc») Compatibility Group Exudation
Mart (EoteHre ta TNT): Ab! Prok Protiure Impute Energy Air, CiaWitfc Impute Under Water; Peek Pranure Impute Energy ШЮТ0^|ПЯВЯ* Ptek Pressure Impute Energy	
	Solubility; Soluble In netayl and ethyl alconole, ace- tone, ether, ethjlenedichloride, chloroform and benzene. Ineoluble In 'fltter carbos;.dleulp'iide,	1 and petroie-A® ether.	| Toxicity; Slight, decidedly Ъ-чь J-—, nitroglycerin. Gelatinising Action: .
	Slight or. nitrocellulose. . 62.2°C KI Test; Mir .tea	2
244
Nltrolsobutylglycarol Trinitrate (NIBUt) Liquid
AMCP 706-177
Preparetl on;
A total of 675 gm 31% formalin is added to 150 gm nitromethane containing 2 gm potassium
с“гЪл--**« homd-hydrate. n>a *•—* 200 gm formalin ie added slowly, keeping the teverature
below 30°C> and then the heat of reaction is allowed to raise the tes^ereture to 60°C, and
the mixture then heated two hours at 90°C. The reaction mixture Is then concentrated at re-
Aiced - res' 're and diluted, and this process repeated several times to remove formaldehyde.
After the *lnal concentration the cooled mixture is filtered and the crystalline product recry-
stallised froa alcohol and then sever* 1 times from ether and dried.
The nitrated product is then obtained by nitrating 50 gm nltrolsdbutylglycerol vith 300 gm
mixed acid (бо/ЗВ/2, sulfuric add/nitric acid/wter) below 15°C for 1.5 hours.
Origin:
This explosive (also called SrlmethyloInitronethane Trinitrate, Nitrolsobutanetrlol Trini-
trate, Nltrolsobutylglycerln Trinitrate and incorrectly but widely used Bitroisobutylglycarol
trinitrate) was first described in 1912 by Hofwlmer (Z ges Schiess - aprengstoffw 7, 43
(1912). Bofvlsur prepared the compound by the condensation of 3 moles of formaldehyde vith
1 mole of nitromethane in the presence of pctassium bicarbonate, the subsequent nitration of
the prohict. The explosive can now be produced from coike, air, and natural gas.
References:so
(a)	E* A. Aaronaon, Study of Explosive. Derived iron Nitroparaffins, PAT® Ho. 1125,
24 October 1941.
(b)	M. Aubry, Nfe poudr, 2£, 197-204 (1932*33); CA 2£, 4o83 (1933)-
(c)	A. Stettbecher, HltTvceUuloae £, 159-62, 181-4, 203-6 (1934); CA 2g, 1250 (1935)-
(d)	V. de C. Crater, U.S. Patent 2,112,749 (March 1938); CA J2, 3964 (1938).
(e)	E. J. Hlbehman, E. H. Pierson, and H. B. Haas, Ind Eng them 32, 427-9 (1940); CA 34,
3235 (1940).
(f)	A. Stettbecher, Z ges Schiess Sprengstoffv 62-4 (1942); CA j8, 255 (1944).
^®See footnote 1, page 10.
24
АМСР 706-177
l-’l trostarch Demolition Bagso> ’ -e (NSX£
СепмооМеа:	Molecular Waight:	325
4b Nitrostarch (12.50^ K)	**9 Barium Nitrate	40 Mononltronephthalene	7	C(X %	-19 CO %	0
Paranitroeniline	3 Oil	1	Density: gm/cc
	Making Met: 'C
C/H Rotio	Freezing Faint: *C
tapeet SoaoRMty, 2 Kg Wt: Buraou of Mine* Apparatus, cm	21 Sample Wt 20 mg Picotinny Arsenal Apparatus, in.	8 Sample Wt, mg	Bailing Point: *C
	Refractive Index, n£ П» n£
. Friction Rondnlem Test: Steel Shoe	Crackles, snaps Fiber Shoe	Unaffected	Vacaaa* Stability Tost: cc/46 Hrs, ot '0‘C 100’C	11* 120‘C 135“C 150-C
Rifle Mot hnpnct Test: 10 Tnols	8 Trials* %	I Explosions	90	0 Partials	0	13	
Burned	0	0 -Unaffected	10	67 •naked In never	200 Gram Bomb Sand Test: . Sand gm	39- 5
(xphoien Teaporotere:	"C Seconds, 0.1 С л cop uted) — 1 5 Decomposes 195 10 it	Sensitivity to Initiation: Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate	0.26 Lead Azide Tetryl
20	ellietic Mortar, % TNT: (a)	96
	Treat! Tost, % TNT:
75’C latoractfenel Meet Tost: % Loss In 48 Hrs	0.2	
	Plate Doot Test: Method
100‘C Heat Toot: % Lass, 1st 48 Hrs	0.3 % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs	0.3 Expiation in 100 Hrs	None	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
	WtvIWwII MW* Confinement Condition Charge Diameter, Density, gm/cc Rate, meters/second
PlemmebiRty Index:	
Hygroscopicity: % 30°C, 90^ RH	2.1	
	

Nitrostarch Demolition Explosive (WSX)
amcp w-m
•0 ими HL M71 Projectile, Lot WC-01: Density, gm/cc Chorge Wt, lb Tetol No. ef Frogmen!»: For TNT For Subject HE 3 inch HL M43A1 Projectile, Let KC-5: Density, gm/cc Chorge Wt, lb Total No. of Frogeroata: For TNT For Subject HE	Shaped Charge EHoctleoaoss, TNT = 100: Gloss Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Color:
	Priadpol Meat: Demolition, bursting charges, and priming coog>oaiticne
	Method of Loading:	Band temped
	Loading Density: gm/cc Apparent	0*92
Fragment Vtiocity: ft/sec At9ft At25Hft Density, gm/cc	
	Method	Dry Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance)	Class	9 Compatibility Group	Group	I Exudation	Bone
Nett (ЫоНео to TNT): Air: Peek Pressure Impulse Energy Air, Caofinod: Impulse Under Water: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Underground: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	
	120°C Heat Teat:
	Minutes Salmon Pink	jd Red Fumes	255 Explodes	256
247
AMCP 706-177
Nitrostarch reisolition Explosive (USX)
Preparation: (b)
The nitration of starch proceeds vith the formation of hexanitro starch according to the
folloving equation:
2C^H1005 * 6НВО3-*	+
Tapioca starch is ccnsidured the best for nitration purposes, although other starches give
iairly stable products* The starch, pretreated to remove oils, tats k."d water soluble im-
purities, is dried and screened* Feeding of the dried starch into stalnloea steel nitre tore
containing nixed acid (62]C-63jt ВГО3 and ЗТ6-386 HgSOiJ is done elovly vith constant agitation
of the Mixture. ihe heat evolved Bist be controlled by cooling coils. Ihe nitrated starch
is separated fton the spent add, washed vith a large amount of water and centrifuged. Fine!
dryiz^ is on trays heated to 35°-4o°C vith air. This product is so sensitive even a static
discharge night cause explosion.
Hitrostarch demolition explosives contain a high percentage of nitrootarch, an oxidising
agent, Mineral oil, a stabiliser and/or other ingredients.
Origin:
Kitrostarch was first prepared in 1833 by Bran cannot, vho called it xyloidlne (Ann chia
phys [23 52, 290 (1833))* T. J. Palouse studied xyloidlne further and reported its explosive
properties (Coapt rend 7, 713 (1838). It found military use in the United States during
World Шгв I and II as blasting explosives and as an ingredient of bursting charges and pris-
ing ccaposltions.
References;
(a)	W. R. Tomlinson, Jr., Ihysical and Explosive Properties of Military Explosives, PAU?
Ho. 1372, 29 Bovesfcer 1943-
(b)	G. D. Clift and В. T. Fedoroff, A Manual for Explosives laboratories, Vol I, Lefhx
Society, Ihe., Philadelphia (1942).
(c)	Also see the following Picatinny Arsenal Technical Reports on Kitrostarch Explosives:
1	2	4 J 8	2
1611	782	1031 Ш7 838	1269
2032	848
^'see footnote 1, page 10.
248
АМСР 706-177
Octol, ТО/30
% нмх	то ОТТ	30 С/Н Ratio	Meiocsler Weight:	265
	Oxygen Beteoce: co, %	-38 CO %	-7.5
	Deaeity: gm/cc	Coat	1.80
	Mohing Meh *C
	Freaafag Pbioh *C
hngeet SaaaMvHy, 1 Kg Wk Bureau of Minot Apparatus, cm Sample Wt 20 mg ₽ cotirmy Arterial Apparatus, in.	18 Sample Wt, mg	26	o^^^^^ao w
	Reflective lades, nJ n» ni
fhwwBR rwmisM iiw» Steel Shoe	Unaffected Fiber Shoe	Unaffected	▼V*^W	ЮТ* cc/40 Hrs, ot 90*C lOO’C 120‘C	0.3T 135*C 150*C
Mia BoKst hepecf Toth Triols % Explosions Portiols Burned Unoffoeted	
	200 Great Booth Saad Test: Sond, gm Exploratory	58.4
Seconds, 0.1 (no cop used)	— 1 5 Huas erratically	335 10 IS 20	A* Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate	---- ^ood Aside	0,30 Tetryl
	BeliNic Moder, % TMT:	115
	Tieeri Teet, % TNT:
П C fototMtioeol Heat Teat: % Lot* in 48 Hrs	
	Plate Dent Teet: Method Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
180"C Hoot Tosh % Lost, 1st 48 Hrs % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion m 100 Hrs	
	Detonation Roto: Confinement	None Condition	Cast Chorge Diameter, in	1.0 Density, gm/cc	1-80 Rote, meters/socond	83T7
	
Л/	
VoMBty:	
249
АМСР 706-177
Осlol, 70/30
HWWW WWWleWy 1 Wv« Condition Tetryl, gm Wox. in. io» 50% Detonotion Wax, gm Dantity, gm/cc	DtcoiMpoeiHQii Кфю11м№ Oxygen, otomt/toc (2/sec) Heat, kilocolorie/mole (AH, kcol/mol) Temperature Range, °C Phase
Heotot: Combustion, cal/gm	2722 Expiation, cai/gm	Ю71, Gas Volume, cc/gm	84? Formation, cal/gm Fusion, cal/gm	Armor Plate Impact Test: M mm Mortar Projectile: 50% Inert, Velocity, ft/se>. Aluminum Fineness S00-G General Parpose Bombs: Plate Thickness, inches 1 |i/_. 1%
Specific Hoot: c ’ /gm/’C	
• ---l^a I^Ai cm/soc	
	Bomb Drop Test: T7, 2000-№ Semi-Агтоь Piercing Bomb vs Concrete: Max Safe Drop, ft SOCMb General Parpose Bomb vs Concrete: Height, ft T rials Unaffected Low Order High Order 1000-lb Generel Ригрме Bomb vi Ceecrete: Height, ft Triols Unaffected Low Order High Order
1	A^MS^Ri*ewTl^y e cal/sec/cm/'C	
Cceffi cleet of Ixpeneiea: Linear, %/‘C Volume, %/‘C	
M_U^k.1 Vai., a^^Ba^^^^WVp	^W^Ve	
E', dynes/cm* E, ib/inch’ Density, gm/cc	
Compressive Strength: Ib/inch’	1310 See below	
Yegor Pressers: 'C	mm Mercury Compressive Strength: Ib/inch^	* Average (10	tests)	1510 High	17L0 Low	1330	
	Ultimate Deformation: J
	Average	(10 tests)	2.26 High	2.58 Low	1-97
•Test specimen 1/2” x 1/2' cylinder (approximately 3 »m) pressed a •_ 3 tans ('..ООО Ih) total
load or 30»000 psi w'th a 2 minute time of dwell.
250
Octol, ТО/ЗО
AMCP 706-1П
FragMOntatiea Tosh	Shaped Chorga EffecHvenoes, TNT — IM:	
W мм Mt, M71 PrejecHU, Ur WC-Fl: Density, gm/cc Chorge Wt, lb	Gass Cones Steei Cone; Hole Volume Hole Depth	
Ыл	Вм^м^йа< В	игеМ» For TNT For Subject HE 3 tach HI, M42A1 Projectile, let KC-S: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb		Buff
	Principal Uses: HE projectile end boob	filler
Total He. of FregoMMij: For TNT For Subject HE	МвМм4 Loo^tB^e	Cast
	Landtag Deneity: gm/cc	1.80
Fragment Vrhrlty, Jt/sec At* ft At2SH ft Density, gm/cc		
	Method	Dry
bat (fatothre la TWDi	Hasarri Class (Quontity-Drstonce)	Ciess 9
Ain Peak Ргемиге Impuhe Energy	Compatibility Group Exudation	Group I
Air, Confined: Impuhe Under Wotan Peak Pressure Impuhe	Work to Produce Rupture: ft-lb/incb^	*
	Averege (10 tests) High Low Efflux Viscosity, Ssybolt Seconds:	1.55 1.87 1.10 5 9
Energy		
Underground: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	•Test specimen 1/2" x 1/2" cylinder (approxi- mately 3 gm) pressed st 3 tons (6,000 lb) total lead or 30,000 psi with s 2 minute time of dwell.	
251
АМСР 706-177
Octol, ТО/ЗО
Effect of Altitude Charge Ddsmeter and Degree of Confinement on Detonation Velocity*
(Reference b)
|	Explcaive	Simulated Altitude,	One-Inch Column		Two-Inch Column	
		Confined	Unconfined	Confined	Unconfined
	Feet	m/s	m/e	m/s	m/s
! 70/30, RuX/lST; ! density, gi^cc 1.62	Ground	7900	8100	7660	8030 7800
	30,000	8020	8120	7900(4)	
i t	60,000	8040	8140	8010	7950
	90,000	8060	7980	8010	7710
' Average	I	8005	8085	7895	7873
70/30, НШ/ОТТ; density, ga/cc 1.61	Ground	7060	7900(4)	7870	J 7640(4)
	30,000	8050	8060	7930	i 7710
	60,000	8020	7930	7890	7650
	90,000	7950	8000	7940	' 7650
Average		7995	7973	7908	7663
•70/30 Octol confined charge in 1/4" steel tube, AISI 1015 seamless, 1” diameter 18” long,
and 2" diameter 7" long. All means were determined from sets cf five values unless other-
wise indicated by ( ). A 26 gm tetry booster was used to initiate each charge.
Average Fragment Velocities at Various Altitudes* (g)
Explosive	Charge Diameter, Inches	1	Simulated Altitude, Peet			
		! Ground	30,000	60,000 >	90,000
		j m/s	1	=V'«	m/s	m/s
70/30, rdx/mt	1	j 3415	3672	3666	3685
	2	4647 i	5192	5236	6011
70/30, нш/мт	1	3366	3680	4014	3617
2	l*70'j	5464	6089	6111
•Outside diameter 2.54"; inside diameter 2.04"; length 7".
252
Octol, 70/30
AMCP 706-177
Tsnsile Strength:*
Ib/lnch*
Average (8 tests)	169
High	204
Lov	128
♦Teat speeimn as per Picatinny Arsenal sketch XL-O76B, at 21°C,
todulus of
	lb/incha
Average (10 tests)	?3,2W
High	79,300
Lav	63,OC
Test specimen 1/2"
load or 30,000 psi
vith a 2 minute time of dwell,
3 gn) preened at 3 tons (6,000 lh) total
Setback flensitiT ity
Test:
Critical Pressure	92,000 psi*
Deisity, fjb/cc	1.72
•Pressure below which no initiation is obtained and above which an increasing percentage of
initiations can be expected as the setbeck pressure increases.
Pit Fregmentation Test:
105 t Ml HE Projectile;
Wight Group, grains	Ro. of Fragment»
1/2 -	2	1297
2 -	5	665
5 - Ю	497
10 - 25	661
25 - 50	4?_
50 - 75	247
75 - 150	322
150 - 750	295
750 - 2500	12
1 Total Humber
4i67
253
АМСР 706-177
Octol^
См*мМм> ВМС ит		Molecular Weight:	276
	75 25	Oxygen Belence: CO, % CO %	-?вз
		Density: gm/cc	Car:	1.81
		Making Point: °C	
C/HRotio		rVWBolOJ FWUts	
hvact SaaiOMty, 2 Kg Wt: Bureau of Minos Apparatus, cm Sample Wt 20 mg Picotinr.y Arsenal Apparatus, in. Sample Wt, mg		•eifag Petah °C	
	17 25	Refractive Index, n& n£ n»	
PficHsu	Teet* Steel Shoe Fiber Shoe	Unaffected Unaffected	Yacuam ItabMly Test: cc/40 Hrs, ot 90*C 100°C I2O°C 135°C 150°C	
2Же Mht Impact Teet: lOTriols $ 3/16" Steal Explosions	70 Partials	1/8" Al 70		0-39
Burned Unaffected	30	30	200 Gram Booth Send Tech Send, gm Exploratory	62.1
Seconds, 0.1 (no cop used) 1 S Planes erratically 10 55 20	°C 350	*	». _ One. »s	 plniMiTWy Iw 1*8«ЮТВ90В{ Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Aside Tetryl	0.30
		Ballistic Mortar, % TNT:	116
		Transi Tost, % TNT:	
7I*C latoraoHeoet Meet Test: % Loss in 48 Hrs			
		Hate Doot Teat: Method	
100°C Hoot Tosh % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs %	2nd 48 Hrs Explosion in 100 Hrs		Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisonce, % TNT	
			
FtaorasebiOty lodes:		Confinement	None Cast 1.0 1.81 86L3
ny^ww^wwyj tO		Condition Charge Diameter, in. Density, gm/cc Rote, meters/socond	
VetatMyi			
2M
Octol, 75/25
AMCP 706-177
w^MWvwy о Condition Tetryl, got Wox, in. for 50% Detonation Wox, got Density, gm/cc	Oxygon, otoma/soc (Z/sec) Hoot, kllocolorie/mole (AH, kcol/mol) Temperature Ronge, *C Phase
Meet eh Combustion, col/gm	26?6 Explosion, col/gm	1131 Ges Volume, cc/gm	830 Formation, col/gm Fusion, col/gm	29.4* «Calculated for 76-9)1 HMX, 23.16 HIT.	Armor Mote Import Teet: 40 asm Mortar MejocHlet 50% Inert. Velocity, ft/sec Aluminum Fineness Plate Thickness, inches 1 1% 1% 1%
Specific Heat: col/gm/'C	** -79 C	0.200 -50° to	+80°C	0.240 33° to	74°C	0-245 90° to	150cC	0.323 ♦♦Determined for 76.96 HMX, 23.16 ™T.	
Berning Rote: cm/sec	
	Bomb Drop Teat: T7,2QM-lb Semi Armer Raraleg Boasb vs Ciasrsta: Max Sofe Drop, ft SOCMb Oeaerel Parpeoe Bomb vs Concrete: Height, ft Trials Unaffected Low Order High Order 10004b Osnrrel Parpeoe Bomb vs Caatrete: Height, ft Trials Unaffected Low Order High Order
Thermal Connectivity: coi/sec/em/’C	
Coefficient of Ixpeesion: Linear, %/*C Volume, %/*C	
Mote* Scete*	
E', dynes/cm* E, Ib/inch* Density, gm/cc	
Compressive Strength: Ib/inch1	13^0 See below	
Vapor Pressure: *C	mm Mercury p Compressive Strength; Ib/inch	♦«♦ Average (10	teats)	1340 High	I56O Low	1040	
	Ultimate Deformation: 6 Average	(10 testa)	2.43 High	2.69 Low	2.04
♦♦«Test apecimen 1/2" x 1/2" cylinder (approximately 3 6°) preseed at 3 ton» (6,000 lb) total
load or 30,000 psi with a 2 minute time of dwell.
255
АМСР 706*177
Octol, 75/25
PW^p^RHWVVWVl • Ммо M MM MI. M71 PreJetfKs, La» WC-»1: Density, gm/cc Chorge Wt, lb For TNT For Subject HE 1 lash Kt, M43A1 PrejKtfc. La» KC4: Density, gm/cc Chorge Wt, lb Total No. ef Fragmaaii: For TNT For Subject HE	Shaped Ctesge Hbatireeeea, TNT s 1И: Gloss Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Cote:	Buff
	iMadgei Uses: HE projectile and boob filler
	Method ef Leodiag:	cast
	Leedtag Deaaity: gm/cc	1.81
tagnreat Vateily: ft/sec Attft Л'ЭД* Danatty, gm/cc	
	Method	№y Hazard Class (Q'jontity-Distance)	Class	9 Compatibility Group	Group	I Exudation
Meet (Rotate to TNT»: Air: Peak Pleasure Impulse Energy Air, Cantina».' Impute Under Water: Peek Pressure Impute Energy Peak Pressure Impute Energy	
	Work to Produce Rupture; ft-lb/lnch^ * Average (10	teats)	1-31 High	1.57 low	1.07 Efflux Viscosity,	Saybolt Seconds; 9.0 *Test specimen 1/2" x 1/2" cylinder (approxi- mately 3 8") pressed st 3 tons (6,000 lb) total load or 30.000 pal with a 2 mluute time of dwell.
256
Octol, 75/25
АМСР706-1П
Fragment Velocity Teat:
неб gand grenade:
(’)
EQlceire	Average Fragment Velocity, 	Я/sec ovglsiTra
1  Co^osition В  75/25 Cyclotol 75/25 Octol	1*9**8 1*908 512U
	Ib/inch*
! Average (10 tests)	2Ы>" *
I High	330
Lov	226
aa per
ketch XL-O76B, at 21°C.
Modulus of ELaatlclty:*
I	Ib/inch^	
J Average (10 testa) •	62,ICO	|
High	>	75,900
Low_____________________ 1*5,200	i
♦ftit apedmen 1/2" x 1/2" cylinder (approximately 3 gm) pressed at 3 tons (6,000 lb) total
Icid or 30,000 psi with e 2 minute time jT dwell.
Setback Sensitivity Tate:	(a)
Critical Pressure j 76,000 pai« ;
Banslty, ga/cc	1.80	I
Trtrea—i-.e below which no initiati(.n 1' obtained and above which an increasing percentage of
initiations can be expected as the setback pressure increases.
Pit Fragmentation Test:
105 — Ю. HE Piujectile;
Weight Group, grains	Bo. of Fragments
1/2 -	2	1611
2 -	5	777
5 -	10	535
10 - 25	719
25 - 50	1*80
50 - 75	21*6
75-150	339
150-750	293
750 - 2500	8
Total Number	5OOS
257
AMCP 706-177
Octol, 70/30; Ootol, 75/25
Preparation:
Whter-vet HMX 11 added slowly to molten ЛСГ In a steam-Jacketed kettle at a tea^errture of
100°C. Ihe mixture is heated and stirred until all. moisture id evaporated, ihe composition
is cooled to a aatiaActoiy pouring temperature and cast directly into aaounition coavonenta
or prepared in the form of chips to ha stored for later use*
References;52
(a)	1st Indorsement from Chief, Explosives Development Section, to Chief, Explosives
Research Section, Picatinny Arsenal, dated 12 №y 1958* Subject: "Properties of Octols anC
HTA-3."
(b)	A. W. O'Brien, Jr., C. ft. Plumer, R. P. Woodburn and V. Ihilipchuk, Detonation Velod-
ty Determinations and Fragment Velocity Determinations of Verted Explosive Systems and Condi-
tions, hitiooal northern Corporation renal Isumary Report MMC-F-13, February 1958 (Contract
BCTT9-O2O-501-0RD- (p)  58).
^2See footnote 1, page 10.
258
PB-RDX
АМСР 706-177
СмфмМм: % RDX	90 Polystyrene (unmodified)	8.5 Dioctylphthalate	1.5 C/H Ratio	Molecolor Weight:	2U5
	Oxygon Science: CO, %	-62 CO %	-18
	tt-i-ftr П-/"	Unpresaed	0.81 Tfellet areneed at 40.000 nal	1.62
	MiMag Point: *C
	Freezing Point: ’C
Impost Ssnsitirity, I Ke Wt:	Unpressed Bureau of Mines Apparatus, cm	28 Sample Wt 20 mg Pkotinny Arsenal Apparatus,	in.	15 Sample Wt, mg	20	BeMag Point: *C
	Beftocthe Index, n“ П» n£
voewVv^RB о^МО^^В^^ЯОО В« Steel Shoe	Unaffected Fiber Shoe	Unaffected	W^^cno^M Cb^baltbw T^^e cc/40 Hrs, at 90‘C	—— 100'C 120’C	0.41 135‘C 150*C
Rifle BoNet Impeet Teel: 10 Trials » % Explosions	10 Partials	90 Burned	0 Unaffected	0	
	200 всем Bomb Sand Tost: Send, gm
ЬрМеа Tompwatoio:	*C Seconds, 0 1 (no cap used)	— 1 5 Smokes	275 10 15 20	m	*ALrtBu	. •MWWfxWy ™ aOBvw^^W^Mio Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Load Azide Tetryl
	BeOietic Metier, % TNT:
	Trewd Tost, % TNT:
7!*C IntomaHenel Heat Teel: % Lou in 48 ! !.-»	
	Plate boat Test: Method Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
100‘C Meet Teet: % Lou, 1st 48 Hrs	0.00 % Lou, 2nd 48 Hrs	0.00 Explosion in 100 Hrs	None	
	DetoMtHi Bote: Confina.nent Condition Charge Diameter, in. Density, gm/cc Rate, meters/second
Flammability Index:	
Hygroscopicity: %	
* Test procedure described in PATR No. 2247, Mny 1956.	
259
АМСР 706-177
PB-RDX
^^^ВЯ^Яа v^MCWVvwy ЮТ» 	*- — vonoiTion Tetryl, gm Wox, in. for 50% Detonation Wax, gm Density, gm/cc	Oxygen, otoms/soc (Z/sec) Hoot, kiloeolorie/molo (AH, kcol/mol) Temperature Range, °C Phase
Neat of: Combustion, col/gm	3027 Explosion, cal/gm	983 Gas Volume, cc/gm Formation, col/gm Fusion, col/gm	Armor Plate Impart Teat: M mm Mertor Projectile: 50% Inert, Velocity, ft/sec Aluminum Fineness Виолево Booths* Plote Thickness, inches 1 1'4 I’/i Hr
Ipacffis Heat: col/gm/°C	
>emi»i Rate: cm/sec	
	Bomb Drop Tort: T7,20064b Somi-Annor-PiorcJag Bomb vs Concrete: Max Safe Drop, ft 500-ib General Purpose Bemb *s Concrete: Height, ft Triols Unaffected Low Order High Order 1000-lb General Purpat» Bomb *t Concrete: Height, ft Triols Unaffected Low Order High Order
CMBBecthrity» col/MC/cm/’C	
Cot^ficioet ef Expansion: Linear, %/°C Volume, %/°C	
	
Yeoeg'i Medatae:	See below E', dynes/cm* E, Ib/inch1 Density, gm/cc	
Ctxiprtnlvt Strength: Ib/inch’	2403	2149 Percent	8.9	13.1	
Vapor Ргамага: °C	mm Mercury Young's Modulus: • (a)	Temperature 2	Ambient	95°C E, lb/ii ch (svg of	5 )	39,953	ЗМГй Density, gm/cc	1.60	1.57	
	
•Pellet» (Lot OAC-596-55) O.75O Inch diameter by 0.750 Inch Long, pressed at 30.000 pst with
30-second dwell.
260
PB-RDX
AMCP 706-177
W яма Nt. M71 Projectile, Let WC-01: Density, gm/cc ChorgeWt, lb  ^ЦРЛ vWV*	a^•• For TNT For Sublet HE 1 lack ME. M42A1 Projectile. La» KC-S: Density, gm/cc Chorga Wt. lb Tatal Na. of Fragmeais: For TNT For Subject HE	Shaped Charge MfoeHveaoea. TNT = 1*0t Gloss Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Cofer:	White
	Priacipai Usee: High neehanical strength explosive
	Mediad of Leedfap:	Pressed
	Leading Oeaeky: gm/cc Pre,,e<i’ p,i x 0	10	20	30 1.10	l.k9	1-59	1-62
Frogaroet Vehoity: ft/sec At 9 ft At 25Ц ft Density, gm/cc	
	Method	Dry Hozord Close (Quontpy-Distance)	Class	9 Compatibility Group	Group	I Exudation	None
Moat (ЫмЬе la TNT): Ain Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Air. Conflnadt Impulse Under Water: Peak Pressure Impulse Ene<gy Uadorgreaad: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	
	Rockwell Hardness, "R" Scale:	(e) 1/2 inch diameter Penetrator, 60 Kg Load; Pellet	Specific No.*	Gravity	Hardness 1	1.62k	8k 2	1.623	90 3	1.611	8k к	1.600	80 5	1-590	75 6	1.571	73 7	1.5k8	62 8	1.52k	k9 ♦Pellets (Lot HOL-F-93) were 1-1/2 inches in diameter and ЗА inch high.
261
.’'СР 706-177
PB-RDX
Sensitivity of PB-RDX and 96/2 RDX/Stearic Acid
rex-.ets* to Initiation by Type II Special Blastlng*‘caps (a)
Gap (Distance From Base of Cap to Pellet). Inches
Pellets	( 6.25?’	0.300	d.tfd	0.400	o.W	d.Jdd	0.Т5У
PB-RDX with Pellet Density 1.55 gm/cc							
№. of Trials		8	5	6	2	1	1
Average Dep uh of Plate Indentation, inches **	0.082	o. 090	0.087	0.080	0.080				
No. of Frilures	0	1	3	4	1	1	I
PB-RDX vith Pellet Density 1.60 gm/cc							
No. of Trials	3	8	9	4	3	5	2
Average Depth of Plate Indentation, inches •*	0.090	0.089	0.087	O.v,-	0.087	0.075		
No. of Failures	0	0	2		2	3	2
98/2 RDX/Stearic Add With Pellet Density I.63 gm/cc							
No. of Trials	5	3	c		5	5	5
Average Depth of Plate Indentation, inches »*	0.109	0.096	0.095	0.092	0.097	0.087		
No. ef Failures	0	1	0	3	4	4	5
• Pellets 0.92 Inch diameter, 0.375 Inch height.
** Mild steel plate 5" x 5" x 1".
Performance of PB-RDX as Booster:	(b, d)
Ten 2.75 Inch HEAT Ml Rocket Heads were unaffected in performance by storage at 71°C for
38 days. Thus, PB-RDX vas not desensitized by contact with INT-bearlng explosives. Tetryl,
similarly used, becomes desensitized vhen stored in bursting chargee at elevated temperatures.
In addition, 108 modified МЭ07А1 57 nm> projectiles were firad for performance against
armor. Each round contained a PB-RDX booster pellet. There vas no evidence in these firings
that the projectiles were inadequately boostered.
262
АМСР 706-177
PB-RDX
Preparation:
The purchase description sheet for polystyrene-bonded RDX (X-RA-PD-1088., 25 October 1956)
requires that the PB-RDX shall be a mixture of RDX. coated and surrounded by a homogeneous
mixture of polystyrene and dioctylpnthalate. The specified percentage of RDX shall consist
of a mixture of 75$ ТЛ* B, Class A RDX and 25$ Type B, Class E RDX. The granulation of the
unpressed composition shall be as follove:
Through U. S. Standard Si eve No.	Minimum $	1	MBjcinuiD %
6	100	__
12	60	
20	--	2
35	-•	0
Two methods have been reported for the preparation of PB-RDX (Reference: Los Alamos Scien-
tific laboratory, Contract W-74O5-Eng 36 with U.S. Atomic Energy Comiesion, Report No. IA-
1448). The earlier method employed a Baker-Perkins type mixer to blend the components. This
procedure gave a product with good pressing characteristics. However, the molding composition
was nonuniform in granulation and tended to be dusty. The slurry method of PB-RDX preparation
gave a product which was uniform, free-flowing and dustless. In addition, PB-RDX granulated
by the slurry method exhibited satisfactory drying, handling and pressing characteristics.
The final procedure incorporating the better features found from ths study of such variables
as solvents, solvent/plastic ratios, lacquer addition and temnerature, agitation, RDX particle
size distribution, dispersants and rosin additive, was aa folxovs (Reference c):
Forty-two and five-tentl.s grams (42.5 S®) of polystyrene and 8 cc dioctylphthalate were
dissolved In 200 cc toluene in a lacquer dissolver. Steam was Introduced into the jacket
until the temperature reached 65°C. The lacquer was agitated constantly until it was ready
to be added to the granulator. This lacquer contained a 1:4 ratio of plastic-plasticizer to
toluane.
Four hundred and fifty grems (450 gm) of RDX and 4500 grams of HgO (ratio 1:10) were added
to the grenulator. The agitator was set for 400 rpm and the temperature was raised to 75°C
by introducing steam into the jacket. Die temperature differential between the lacquer solu-
tion and the RDX/water slurry was 5° to 10°C.
Die lacquer solution was poured through the emerging funnel into the grenulator. As soon
as the lacquer was added, a solution of gelatin in water was added, end the mixture was agi-
tated until the lacquer was well dispersed in the RDX slurry (approximately 5 minutes). Granu-
lation took place at this point. Steam was introduced again into the jacket to distill the
solvent until the temperature reached 98°C. Cooling water was then run into the Jacket to
cool the batch to 4o°C. Die coated material from the granulator was collected on a Buchner
funnel and dried in a tray at 70°C for 24 hours. Temperatures below 70°C did not furnish
enough heat, but a temperature of SO°C produced stickiness and caking of PB-RDX.
Origin;
An explosive consisting of RDX coated with polystyrene plasticized with dioetyphthalate
was Initially developed in 1952 for the Atomic Energy СоыЛвв1оп by Lob Alamos Scientific
Laboratory of the University of California (contract W-7405-Eng 36 with U. S. Atomic Energy
263
AMCP 706-177
ra-RCT
Co—iaaicn, Report Ко* IA-1M8). She аресШс ftnulaticn of 90/0.5/1*5 Rnc/polyatyrene/
dioctylphthalate мм aubeequently atandardlaed by Loe Alaaoa. This exploeive, originally
deeignated PBX, baa boon redaaHnatad П-ИК. П» detailed re^uire—nta for tbe preeent
polyatyrene>bonded !UK(n>RIK) are (Ivan In purehaae deacripticn Х-ЙА-РО-1066, 25 October 1956.
Refarenceaiи
(a)	B. j. Zlotucha, T. w. Stevena and С. I. Jaoobaou, Cbaracterietica of Polyatyrene-
Bcndad RPX(PB-KIX), PATR Bo. 2^97, April 1958.
(b)	A. J. PMcaaio, The Suitability of a Kara FHX Booater Pallet in the 2.75 Inch Ml ДАТ
Rocket Bead, HWR Bo. 22^1, Kovaabar 19!>$*
(c)	J. L. Venaillicn and H. C. Dubberly, plaatlc-Bonded ИД, Ita Preparation by the Slurry
Method, Bolaton Dafbnae Corporation, Control Bo. 20-T-lh Sarlea A (t*d 1ОЯ), *> rfuah 1953-
(d)	C. J. Eichinger, Report on Cartridge ПАТ 57 ай M3PTA1 (Mod) id th Modified Coppar
Linar, Aberdeen Proring Ground, Develop—nt and Proof aervicea, Firat Report on PC Project
ЯЗЗЗД, October 1957.

ee footnote 1, page 10.
264
Ponta erythritol Trinitrate (РИММ)
АМСР 706-177
	Metecoiw Weight:	271
W С 22.1 В 3.3	Г2^	Оцфмв Betaoce* co, % co %	-87 3
HOCHg—С —CHgOHOg	Density: gm/cc	1-5^
сн_о1ю9 0 59.1	*	MeMng Point: *C	26 to 28
С/Н Rotio 0.1U1	Mh^^a^Aa ПВ*К1В| rWWi V	
hnpeet 8оааШеОу, 1 Kg Wh Buraou of Mine* Apporatus, cm Sample Wt 20 mg Picatinny Arsenal Apparatus, In. 5 to 10 Sample Wt, mg	38	BaMng Point: *f It m Hg Deeoapooea	130
	Refractive Cades, n£ n£ n&	
vоОП Steel Shoe Fiber Shoe	Vocraras StobMy Teeh cc/40 Hrs, ot 90‘C lOCX 120’C 135*C 150’C	2.54 to 5.69
RMo BaNet Impost Test: Trials % Eolations Partials		
Burned unarrecrva	200 Gram Borah load Tosh Sond, gm	
(яр1мйя ТифМвНм:	*C Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) 1 S 10	С-мЫ—Цы n^Xal^A^mo ^VOOVOVwvWy W VONBO^w^MBo Minimum Detonoting Chorgo, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide Tetryl	
20	Bolistic M wter % TNT:	
	Trawd Tost, % TNT:	
75’C lotaseoHeaol Hoot Toth % Loss in 48 Hrs		
	Piste Dent Tosh Method	
100’C Heat Tosh % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion in 100 Hrs	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT	
	Confinement	
Р1мммЬМ1у tamest		
	uoneiTKx* Charge Diameter, in. Density, gm/cc Rote, meters/socond	
Volatility:		
265
AzCCP 706-177
Pentaerythritol irinitrate (PETRIN)
Fsegaseatetiea Teat* •0 asm HE, M71 FrajecHle, let WC-91: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb Tefal No. ef FrwgaseeH: For TNT For Subject HE 3 tech HE. M42A1 hajactils, Lot KC-S: Density, gm/cc Chorge Wt, lb Ыж .—Ж 0^We W* ev^^HiWlHVo For TNT For Subject HE	Shaped Charge EHoctiveoou, TNT = 100: Gloss Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Сект:	^5^
	Friadpel Usee: Explosive, propellent or igniter ingredient
	Method ti Laediag:
	Laedtag Density: gm/cc
Frogmens Velocity: ft/sec At 9 ft At2Sft ft Density, gm/cc	
	Storage: Method	Dry Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance) Compatibility Group Exudation	None
Meet (OeleHoe to TNT): Ain Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Alt, Cos.laed: Impube Umdes Weton РкЧ pressure Impulse Energy Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Absolute Viscosity, poises: Temp, 17°C	14.8 23°C	4.3 28 C	3.0 38°c	1.2 1	
	PETRIN esters are listed in reference (b) and most of these esters have been shown to have explosive properties. An Infrared spectrophotometric procedure was developed for the determination of the acetone con+ent of PETRIN (ref c). A 2.5 gm setnple of PETRIN is dissolved in chloroform end the volume increased to 25 milliliters in a volumetric flask. The acetone content of the PETRIN solution ie determined by Its Infra- red absorption at 5.82^* in a 0-5 mm cell- A double beam method is used with a reference cell containing chloroform end acetone-free PETRIN. The quantity of the letter must be carefully adjusted to give a good balance be- tween the test sample and reference cells for the stror.z PETRIN peak at 6.02^< maximum. Heat of; Explosion, cal/vm	1204
266
Pentacrythrltol Trinitrate (PETRIN)
AMCP 706-177
Preparation:
CCC^OH)^ + 3HNOj ----------------> OHCH^CHgNO^ +	3^0
pentaerythritol nitric sulfuric pentaerythritol	water
add acid	trinitrate
MW 136 MW 63 MW 98	MW 271	MW 18
The earlier' procedure uaed for the manufacture of PETRIN waa that developed at Alleghany
Ballistics Laboratory. In this process* called the "A process," 80$ HNO:; and the solid pen-
taerythritol were charged to the reactor and 80$ HgSOj^ was added slowly at a rate to permit
control of temperature at 0° to 5°C. Ibis mixture was held for a 2-1/2-t.our reaction period,
then drowned in water and filtered to give a cake containing both the tri- end tetra-nitrates
of pentaerythritol. The cake was dissolved in acetone and neutralized In solution with am-
moniu carbonate, after which the PE® - .s precipitated by the addition of water. After fil-
tration, the PETRIN was recovered from the filtrate by stripping off the solvent under vacuum.
Yields by this process averaged about to$.
An Improved process, called the "B process,” used the same primary reaction procedure but
a different work-up procedure. After tha reaction holding period, water was addpd to dilute
the mixed acid and the batch was extracted in situ with methylene chloride. Iba organic
layer was separated, neutralized with aqueous sodium bicarbonate, and stripped of methylene
chloride under vacuum to yield the product directly. Yields by this process were about $0$
and quality of the product was much improved over that of the "A procass."
The "C process," currently in use, involves essentially the simultaneous synthesis and
extraction of PETRIN from the reaction mixture. Methylene chloride approximately equal to
tlit toual weight of the other components Is added to the reaction mixture before the sulfuric
acid. After s ь-ltpble time following the addition of sulfuric acid, the solvent is removed
and v.i- seed by fresh solvent one or more times. The combined extracts are neutralized and
concetcrate;. Because of their Initially relatively large volume, PETR —be r*—.oved by
flltratlo,. from the concentrated PETRIN solution before the flnel solvent la stripped. Yields
by this process have been 60$ to 65$.
Origin;
The nitration products of pentaerythritol or itc derivative containing not more than three
NO» groups were patented for use as explosives, propellants or ignition materials in 1936
(German Patents 638Д32 and 638Л33; CA 31, 1212 (1937)).
A process in which pentaerythritol monoacetate was converted to penteerythritol trinitrate
monoacetate, which was then saponified under carefully controlled conditions to PETBIN, was
repoited in 195b (N. S. Marans, D. E. Elrlck and R. F. Preckel, J Am Chem Soc 7o, 1301*).
’’ETRIN was also prepared by the nitretion of penteerythritol with a mixture of~So$ HNOa and
60$ HoSOl in 1955 (A. I- Camp, N. S. Mbrans, D. E. Elrick and R. F. Preckal, J Am Chetb Soc
77, 751).
267
АМСР70С-1П
Pentaerythritol Trinitrat* (ИМИ)
ReferanceeP*
(a)	Rota and Вши Совпаду, Redstone Arsenal Diriiica, Proceea for the Ifcnuftctnre «?
Pentaerythritol Brlnltrete Monoacrylate and Petrin Acrylate bropelliuita, 12
(b)	Ж* Berio», R. H. Barth and J. Ж» Snow, Me Pentaerythritoll, ACS Monograph Bo. 136,
p. 65, Reinhold Publishing Corporation, Bev York, 1ЙЙ.
(c)	R. H. Pierson, An Infrared apectrophotcnetrlc Method for Deterainaticc of Acetone
OW^nt^^ Pentaex^ttoitol^nltraie^b.8. Meval Ordnance ^ait Station ВепоЯ teas IbTTT
^Чее footnote 1, page 10.
2вв
AMCP 706-177
Penteerythrltel Trialtraecrylate (РВПШ< Acrylate)
llrinltroxypeniaerytnrlloi Acrylatej
% c 29.5 CHgONOg CHg - CI-COgOHgC-CHgONO,, CJ^ONOj,	(Wu)	325
	Oxygen Boleace: CO, % co %	-54 -12
	f entity: gm/cc	
	Matting Point: °C	78 to 79
C/H Ratio О.239	Pressing Point: °C	
Imped Sensitivity, 2 Kg Wh Buraou of Mines Apparatus, cm Sample Wt 20 mg Picctinny Aisenol Apparatus, in. Sample Wt. mg	BeiHng Point: °C	
	Refractive Index, njj n£ nS,	
*» *-*i*— Steel Shoe Fiber Shoe	Vacates Stability Test: cc/40 Hrs, ot 90°C 100°C 120 °C )35°C 150°C	
Rifle Ballet Impact Test: Triols % Explosions Portiols		
Burned Unaffected	200 Grom Всей Send Teet: Sand, gm	
bpMea Tsmperofare:	°C Seconds, 0.1 (nj cop used) 1 5 10	Sensitivity to InMotion: Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide Tetryl	
20	Bsflistic Mortar, % TNT:	
	Treoxl Test, % TNT:	
7S*C International fleet Test: % Loes In 48 Hrs		
	Plata Dent Test: Aiethod	
100°C fleet Teet: % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs % Loes, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion in 100 Hrs	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT	
	Dotoae*’mi Rote: Confinement	
Flammability lades:		
Hygroscopicity: %	Nil	Charge Diometer, in. Density, gm/cc Rote, meters/second	
Volatility:		
269
Pentaerythritol Trlnltroacrylate (PETRIN Acrylate)
ЛМС9ПНП
FI^JIHWRwnWi * V*Vo	Shaped Charge ЕНесНеммее, TNT -- 100:
90 м HE. МП PrejecHb, Lot WC-91:	Gloss Cones Steel Cones
Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb	Hole Volume Hole Depth
Total No. of Frogmiett:	Color:	White
For TNT For Subject HE	Principal Usee: Ingredient of composite
3 tach HE. M42A1 Prejoctile, Let KC-S:	rocket propellants -
Density, gm/cc
Charge Wt, lb
Total Ne. of Fraga ret r:	Method of Ltidtag:
For TNT For Subject HE	Loodtog Doasity: gm/cc
Fraga rat Vetadta: ft/sec At 9 ft At 25 >4 ft Density, gm/cc	Method	Dry at temperatures below melting point
В Scot (Relative to TXT):	Hozord Class (Quantity-Distance)
Air:	Compatibility Group
Pook Pressure Impulse Energy	Exudation	None
Air, Coe.".; ed: Impulse	, Heat of: Combustion, Л/ца	2923
Under Water Peak Pressure lm<ulse Energy	Explosion, cal/gm	791
UndergfMWrfe
Peak Ргемиге
Impulse
Energy
270
Pentaerythrl л .rinitrobcrylate (PETRIN Acrylate)
AMCP 706-177
Preparation:	(a)
носнгс(сн2Мо3)3 * CHg • CHCOci «•	c6h5«(ch3)2 -----
pentaerythritol	acrylyl	dimethyl
trinitrate (PETRIN)	chloride	aniline
MW 2?1	MW 90-5	MW 121
(tyNOCHgJjCCHgOCCH - dig +	C6H5H(CH3)2HC1	<------------
pentaerythritol trinitrate mono-	dimethylanine
acrylate (PETRIN acrylate)	hydrochloride
MW 325
The original synthesis for PETRIN acrylate employed trifluoroacetic anhydride and glacial
acrylic acid ss the acrylation agent for PETRIN. These two me..erlaIs were charged to a re-
action vessel and the initial reacticn was controlled by the slov addition of PETRIN at a
temperature of 10° to 15°C. Following a period of one hour, the batch was drowned in water,
precipitating the FuIRIN acrylate. This solid was separated by filtration, dissolved in chlo-
roform, and neutralized in solution with sodium bicarbonate. The product was then crystal-
lized during a period of 16 hours at 0°C and dried under vacuum to remove traces of solvent.
The yield for this process was about 60$.
A significant improvement in yield (to about 74)1) and purity (approximately 9ЭД was
realized by the substitution of methanol for chloroform and crystallization of the product
from the solution without neutralization, residual acid being removed by washing the filter
cake with water.
Because of the high coat and hygroscopic nature of trifluoroacetic anhydride, a new pro-
cess, based on dimethylaniline '.nd acrylyl chloride, was considered. This process is cur-
rently under development in tne Rohm and Haas Chemical Processing facilities and is not con-
sidered optimum. Yields averaged and product purities averaged 93-5$.
PETRIN Acrylate Propellants;
PETRIN acrylate could be used as a monopropellant because it has a specific impulse of
214 lb-eec/lb and a burning rate of 0.2 in/вес. The addition of an oxidizer increases both
the impulse and burning rate.
A composition which presently appears most promising is as follows:
PETRIN acrylate ( > 97jl purity), % Triathylene glycol ‘rinitrate, % Glycol diacrylate, % Ammonium perchlorate, Hydroquinone, $	Composition NM 34?3 (binder) 11.8 (plasticizer) 2-9 (croaslinker) 51.0 (oxidizer) 0.014 (polymerization inhibitor)
Measured specific impulse 238 lb-eec/lb, at density of 1.3.
Reference:5'
(a) Rohm and Haas Company, Redstone Arsenal Division, Process for the Manufacture of
Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Monoecrylate and Petrin Acrylste Propellants, 12 March 1956-
5^See footnote 1, page 10.
271
АМСР 706-177
Pentolite, 50/50; Ю/90
	Molecular Weight:	'5^^
PSTN	50	10 ТОТ	50	90	Oxygen Balance: ca %	.42	-68 CO %	.5	-21
	Density: gm/cc	1.65	1 • 60
	Molting Point: °C	76
C/H Rotio	Froexing Feint: *C
Impact TomitMty, 2 Kg Wt:	50/50	10/90 Buror.uof Mines Apporatus, cm	3*	65 Somple Wt 20 mg Pleotinny Arsenal Apparatus, in.	12	14 Sample Wt, mg	15	18	Bailing Point: ‘C
	Refractive Index, n& П» n°
pvmv^w	i **>o Steel Shoe	Unaffected Fiber Shoe	Unaffected	Vacuum Stability Toot:	50/50	10/90 cc/40 Hrs, at 90”C 100‘C	3-0	3-0 120’C	11+	11+ 135‘C 150‘C
Rifle Ballet hnpaet Teel: 25 Trials, 50/50 % Explosions	72 Partials	20	
Burned	0 Unaffected	8	209 Gram Bomb Sand Test: Sand, gm	55-6	49.5
sptoelea Temperature:	*C, 50/50 Seconds, 0.1 (no	cap	used)	290 1	266 5	Decomposes	220 10	204 15	197 20	>190	Sensitivity to leitiotien:	50/50 Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate	0.19* Load Azide	0.13* MlternXtlve initiatine charcee.
	Ballistic Mortar, % TNT: (a)	126
	Trovzl Test, % TNT:	(b)	122
75‘C International Heel Teel: % Loss in 48 Hrs	
	Piet* Dm* Teat:	(c) Method	Б
100‘C Heat Teel:	50/50 % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs	0.0 % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs	0.2 Explosion in 100 Hrs	None	Condition	Cast Confined	No Density, gm/cc	1.66 Brisance, % TNT	121
	D**omHm Rote: Confinement	Попе Condition	Cast Chorge Diometer, in.	1.0 Density, gm/cc	1.66 Rote, meters/second	7465
PhaMMbility Index: Will not continue '.0 burn	
Hygroscopicity: %	^2122	1212° 30°C, 90% RH	None	None	
Volatility:	
272
Pentolite, 50/ЬО: Ю/'чО
AMCP 706-177
Booster Sensitivity Teet: (d)	50/SO Condition	Pressed	Cast Tetryl, gm	100	100 Wox, in. for 50% Detonation 2.36 2.08 Wax, gm Density, gm/cc	1.60	I.65	Oecompeeitioa Eguotloa: Oxygen, atoms/soc (Z Чес) Heat, kilocolorie/male 11H, kcoi/mol) Temperature Range, °C Phase
Hout Combustion, col/gm Explosion, cal/gm	1220 Gas Volume, cc/gm Formation, col/gm Fusion, cal/gm	Armor Plate Impact Toot:	50/50 60 mm Mortar Projectile: 50% Inert, Velocity, ft/sec	170 Aluminum Fineness 300-lb General Purpose Bombs: Plate Thickness, inches 1 14 lit l-ъ
Specific Heat: col/gm/“C	
Burning Rate: cm/sec	
	Bomb Drop Toot: T7, 2MX>-№ Semi-Armor-Piorcing Bomb и Concrete: Max Safe Drop, ft SOO-lb General Purpose Bomb vs Concrete: Height, ft Trials Unorfected Low Order High Order 1000-lb General Purpose Bomb n Concrete: Height, ft Trials Unaffected Low Order High Order
Thermal Conductivity: col/sec/cm/’C	
Coefficient of Expansion: Linear, %/°C Volume, %/”C	
Hardness, Mohs' Scale:	
Young's Modules: E', dynes/cm3 E, Ib/inch3 Density, gm/cc	
Compressive Strength: Ib/inch*	2000-2200 Dens’ ‘.j, gm/cc	1.6c	
Vapor Pressure: X	mm Mercury	
	
273
АМСР 706-177
Pentolite, 50/50; 10/90
М ж HU МП Projectile. Lot WC-91:	^0	Shaped Charge Iffecthrooeee, TNT = IN: 50/50 10/90 50/50 25/75 Gloss Coneeff) Steel Cones (g)
Density, gm/cc	1.65	Hole Volume 157 105	149	119
Chorge Wt, lb	2.147	Hole Depth 116 116	131	119
Tetel No. ef Frogeseats: For TNT For Subj< ct HE 3 loch HU M42A1 Projectile, Let KC-S:	703 963	Color:	Yellow-vhite
		Principal Usee: Shaped charges, bursting charges, demolition blocks
Density, f.m/cc	1.65	
Charge Wt, lb	0.672	
Tetel No. of FrogoMMs: For TNT For Subject HE	514 650	Method of Leading:	Cast
		Loading Density: gm/cc	50/50	10/90
Fragment Velocity: ft/sec At 9 ft At2Sftft	2810 2580	1.65	1.60
		
Density, gm/cc	1.66	Method	Dry
Meet (Rotative to TNT):	(•)	Haxard Class (Quantity-Distance)	Class 9
Air: Peak Pressure	105	Compatibility Group	Group I
Impulse	107	Exudation
Energy	..	
		Compatibility with Metals:
Air, Ceoftoed: Impulse Under Water: Peak Pressure Impulse		Dry; Copper, brass, aluminum, magnesium, megaesium-aluminum alloy, mild steel coated with acid-proof blsck paint, end mild steel plated vlth copper, cadmium or nickel are not affected. Zinc plated steel is only slightly affected.
Enjrgy Underground: Peak Pressure Impulse		We*.: Stainless steel, aluminum and mild steeTTor ted with acid-proof black paint are not sift ted. Copper, brass, magnesium, mag- nee lum-slumlnum slloy, mild steal and mild steel plated with copper, cadmium, zinc or nickel are slightly effected.
Energy		Effect of Temperature on	(h)
Eutectic Temperature, °C:	76	Rate of Detonation:	, 16 hrs at, °C	-54	21 Density, gm/cc	I.67	1.66 Hate, m/sec	7470	7440
gm PEUi/100 gm TNT 7б°С 95°C	13-0 26.3	
274
Pentolite, 50/50; ю/90
AMCP 706-177
Preparation:
Pentolite ie manufactured by either the «lurry method or coprecipitation of PEIN and ТЭТ*
m the slurry method PEIN, in water, ie «timed and heated above 80°C* ТЭТ 1« added and when
molten, it coate the particle» of PEIN* The elurry is cooled vith rapid «timing and the «вра-
га ted granules are collected on a filter and dried below 75°C.
In ^precipitation, PEIN and ТЭТ are dissolved separately in acetone. The ecluticne are
mimed and the explosives are precipitated «imultaneouel; by pouring the mixed solution into
cold water under vigorous agitation. Tha precipitated solid is collected on a filter and
dried in air*
Origin;
Standardized during World War II, with the 50-50 PETN/INT mixture being the more important
for bursting charges and booster-surround charges.
References:56
(a)	L. C* Stalth and E. G* Eyster, Physical Testing of Explosives, Part III - Miscellaneous
Sensitivity Tests; Performance Tests, OSRD Report ho. 5746, 27 December 1945.
(b)	Philip C. Keenan and Dorothy Pipes, Table of Military High Explosives, Second Revision,
WORD Report No. 87-46, 26 July 1946.
(c)	D. P* MacDougall, Methode of Physical Testing, OSRD Report No. 803, 11 August 1942.
(d)	L. C. Smith and 5. R. Walton, A Consideration of RDX/Wax Mixtures as a Substitute for
Tetryl in Boosters, NOL Memo 10,303, 15 June 1949.	—————————
^^e) W. R. Tbmlinson, Jr., Blast Effects of Bomb Explosives, PA Tech Div Lecture, 9 April
(f)	Eastern Laboratory, du Pont, Investig. on of Cavity Effect. Sec IH, Variation of
Cavity Effect vith Btplo«lve Composition, JCTC Contract W672-0RD-5723.
(g)	Eastern Laboratory, du Pont, invactigation of Cavity Effect, Final Report, Contract
W-672-0RD-5723, E. lab, du Pont, 18 September 1943-
(h)	W. F. McGarry and T. W. Stevens, Detonation Rates of the More Important Military Explo-
sives at Several Different Temperatures, PATR ho. 2383» November 19§6.
(1)	Also see the following Picatinny Arsenal Technical Report on Pentolite:
0	1	2	2	4	5	6	7	8
1360	1291	1212	1133	1284	1325	1436	1477	1388
1420	1451	1262	1193	2004		1466	1677	1598
1570	1651	1374	1213			1796	1737	1668
			1363					I838
56gee f octnote 1, page 10.
275
АМСР 706-177
РЬТН (Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate)
Ceesposltion: % C	19.0	°H°2 H	2.5	|K2 N	17.7 02»0-CH2-C-CH2-0N02 0	60.8	J“2 C/H Rctio 0-13**	0S02	Molecular Weight: (CjHgN^O^)	316
	Oxygoa Helence: co, %	-io CO %	15
	Densify: gm/cc	CryeUl	I.77
	MeltHg Point: °C	141
	Freezing Point: °C
Impeet Sensitivity, 2 Kg Wt: Buraou of Mines Apparatus, cm	17 Somple Wt 20 mg  Picatinny Arsenal Apparatus, in.	6 Sample Wt, mg	16	Boiling Point: °C
	Refractive Index, n» П» П»
BricHen Pendulum Test: Steel Shoe	Crackles FiStr Shoe	Unaffected	Vacuum Stability Toot: cc/40 Hrs, al 90°C 100°C	0.5 120°C	11+ I35°C 150’C
Riffe Ballet Impact Test: 5 Triols * % Explosions	100 Portiols	0 Burned	0 Unaffected	0 *4.ЯМ. mnl.tnrn tn «*тр1»я	
	200 Gram Bomb Sand Toot: Sand, gm	62.7
Expleeiea Temperature:	°C Seconds, 0.1 (no cop used) 272 1	244 5 Deccsuposet 225 10	211 15 20	Sensitivity to Initiation: Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate	0.17* Load Azide	0.03* •Alternative initiating charaes.
	Ballistic Mortar, % TNT: (a)	145
	Troozl Toot, % TNT:	(b)	173
75 °C lotoraatioaol Heat Toot: % Loss in 48 Hrs	0.02	
	Plata bent Teet:	(c) Method	A Condition	Pressed Confined	Yes Density, gm/cc	1.50 Brisonce, %	TNT	129
100cC Heat Tee»: % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs	0.1 % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs	0.0 Explosion in 100 Hrs	Kone	
	Detonation Rato: Confinement	None Condition	Preaped Chorge Dnmeter, in.	1.00 Density, gm/cc	1.70 Rote, meters/second	8300
Flammability lade.: Will not continue tn turn	
Hygroscopicity: % 30°C, 90/ PJI	0.0	
Volatility:	0.0 1	
АМСР 706-177
PETW (Penteerythritol Tetranitrate)
Booster Seneitivity Teet:	(с) Condition	Pressed Tetryl, gm	5 Wox, in. for 50% Detonotlon Wax, gm	3 Density, gm/cc	1.6	Decomposition Ignntion: (') „	(•)	(J) Oxygen, atoms/sec lO1^'0 IO20'° 10Z’‘l (Z/soc) Heat, kilocalorie/mole 1*7-0	50.9	52.3 (AH, kcal/mol) Temperature Ronge, °C 161-233 108-120 137-157 Phase	Liquid Solid At melt- ing paint
Meet of: Combustion, col/gm	I960 Explosion, col/gm	138? Gas Volume, cc/gm	790 Formation, col/gm	383 Fusion, col/gm	Алпог Plate Impact Test: 60 mm Mester Proloctile: 50% Inert, Velocity, ft/soc Aluminum Fineness 5OO-lb General Purpose Bombs: Plate Thickness, inches 1 P/4 >4 1%
Specific Hoot: col/gm/°C	(d) Room Temperature	0.26	
Burning Bote: cm/sec	
	Bomb Drop Toot: T7, 2MXMb Somi-Armor-Piercing Bomb vs Concrete: Max Safe Drop, ft 500-lb General Purpose Bomb vs Concrete: Height, ft Trials Unaffected Low Order High Order 1000-lb General Purpose Bomb vs Concrete: Height, ft Triols Unallotted Low Order High Order
Thermal Conductivity: col/sec/cm/’C	
Coefficient of Expansion: Linear, %/°C Volume, %/°C	
Hardness, Mohs' Scale:	1.9	
Young's Modalos: E', dynes/cm1 E, Ib/inch1 Density, gm/cc	
Compressive Strength; Ib/inch1	
Vapur Pressure: *C	mm Mercury	
	
AMCP 706-177
Pgm (Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate)
	Shaped Charge Effectiveness, TNT = 100:
M пип HI. МП PieiecMe, La» WC-91:	Glos» Cones Steel Cones
Density gm/cc	Hole Volume
ChorgeWt, lb	Hole Depth
Total No. e* Fragments: For TNT For Subject HE	в-*5	White
	Principal Uses:
	
3 tach HE, M42A1 hoiectita, Let KC-S:	Claes A - Detonating fuse end boosters
Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb	Class В • Priming compositions
Ma *4 *	*•-- 1 ^ге^Я	W vV^^pH^MWVa For TNT For Subject HE	.‘.4Aod of Loading:
	
	Leading Osnilty: gm/cc	P*- *
Fragment Velocity: ft/sec At 9 ft At 254 f*	J	5	10	20	30	40 1.37 1.58 l.(SU 1.71 1.73 1-71*
	Storage:
Density, gm/cc	Me*hod	Wet
Meet (Motive to TNT):	Hazard Clou (Quantity-Distance)	Claes 9
Air:	Comoatibility Group	Group M (vet)
Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	Exudation	None
Air. Confined: Impulse	Bulk Modulus at Room	(1) Temperature (25^-ЭОис):
Under Water:	Dynes/cm2 x 10”10	L.60 Density, gm/cc	1.77
Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	
	
Underground:	
Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	
278
PETS (Penteerythritol Tetranitrate)
АМСР 706-177
Cosgatibility vith Metals:
Пгу; Copper, brass, aluminum, magnesium, megnesium-eluminum alloy, stainleas ateel, mild
steel, mild ateel coated with acid-proof black paint and mild ateel plated with copper, cad-
mium, nickel ar zinc are not affected.
Wet; Stainless steel is unaffected and aluminum only vary slightly so after prolonged
storage- Copper, brass, magnesium, megnesium-sluminum alloy, mild steel, mild steel coated
vith acid-proof black paint and mild ateel plated with cadmium, copper, nickel ar zinc are
affected.
Sensitivity of PETS to electrostetic discharge, Joules; Through 100 Mesh: (g)
Unconfined	0.06
Confined	0.21
Solubility, grama of РЕШ per 100 grams (%) of; (h)
TH chlorethylene
~ or Alcohol	Acetone	Benzene	Toluene
°C	1	°C	4		4	°C	4
0	0.070	0	14.37	0	0.150	0	0.150
20	0.195	20	24.95	20	0.450	20	0.430
40	0.415	40	30.56	40	1.160	40	0.620
60	1.205	60	42.68	80	7.900	60	2.490
80	5.850
100	15-920
112	30.900
/ -Ethozy-ethyl-
Methyl acetate	Ether	acetate	Chlorobenzene
£c	4	°C	4	°C	4	°C	4
20	13	0	0.200	20	1.5	20	0.35
30	17	20	0.340	30	4.1	30	2.8
40	22	34.7	0.450	40	7.6	40	6.1
50	31			50	11.2	50	9.2
				60	14.2	60	12.2
						Carbon	
Ethylenedi chloride		Methanol		Tetrachloroethane		tetrachloride	
£c	4		4	°C	4	°C	4
10	0.9	20	0.46	20	0.18	20	0.096
30	1.5	40	1.15	30	0,27	30	0.108
50	2.6	60	2.6	4o	0.40	40	0.118
				50	0.58	50	0.121
279
АМСР 706-177
РЕШ (Pentar?y‘aritol Те trail1 trete)
laopropanol
Isobutancl
Chloroform
TNT
°C	1	°C	1	°C	£	0., L	t
15	0.02	20	C 2?	20	0.09	80	19-3
20	0.01'	30	0.31			85	25.0
30	0.15	40	0.39			90	32.1
4o	0.36	50	0.52			95	39-5
50	0.46					1’00	48.6
				about 13$ PEHN		105	58.2
	Eutetic of the system PSTN-		TNT lu			110	70.0
	and 87% TNT at 76"c.					115	87-J
						120	115
						125	161
Preparation:
(Nitroglycerin and Nitroglyceidn Explosives, Naoum)
8HCHO + CHjCHO + 0a(0H)2 ~* SCCaigOH)^	Oa(HCOO)2 CfCHgOK)), + 1»HNO,—♦ c(aigONO2)4 + ^HjjO
1/ In this preparation 1940 gm of formaldehyde and 600 gm of ncetellehj le are dieeolved
In 90 liters of vater containing 1600 gm suspended slaked line. The reaction la complete In
about 3 weeks if agitated several tinea a day. The solution lu filtered, the calcium formate
precipitated with oxalic add, filtered off, and ths vater removed under reduced preaauie.
On cooling the mother liquor about 1200 gm crude pentaery.-thritol, melting point 235°-24o°C
are obtained. Purification la ret.dily effected by atlrr'ig vith n little alcohol, filtering
and recrystallization from vater.
2. T_. 400 cc of strong vhlte nltrl< eld, era added 100 gm of pentaerythritol (through
50 meah), at 5°C or belov, under good ab. itlon. Z<ftsr addltior is complete stirring, at
5°C, is continued for 15 minutes. The mixture it drowned in 3 liters of ice-water, filtered,
the product washed free of add vith vater and then digested 1 hoc- in 1 liter of hot 0.b£
sodium carbonate solution. The product is filtered, and recrystallized from acetone.
Origin;
РИЯ vas known аз an explosive in 1494 when it was proposed as an add!' 'on to smokeless
powdem to raise their flammability and ease of combustion (German Patent 81.664 (1894).
Modern methods of preparation are described by Vignon «nd Gerin (Compt rend ijV 590 (1901)
and Oatman Patent 265,025 (1912) end A. Stettbscher (Z ges Schless - Sprangat ffw 11, 112,
162 (1916) and 24, 259 (1929))- PEIN vas not used on в practical basis until after World War Z.
Destruction by Cheui-al Decomposition;
PETN is d .otapor by din-solving in 8 times its weight of technical grade acetone and burn-
ing the solution 1 a shallow container. If preferred, v-rm the acetone solution to 40°C,
stir and add 7 parts by vt/ight, to each part of PETTI, of a solution of 1 part sodium sulfide
(Na2S-9HgO) in 2 parts water heated to 80°C. Hie aqueous solution should be added at such a
rate that the acetone solution does not boil. After mixing is complete continue stirring for
one-half hour.
280
PEUt (pentaerythritol "’etranltrate)
AMCP 706-177
References:5'
(a) L. C. Smith and E. G. Eyster, Physical Testing of Explosives, Part III - Miscellaneous
Sensitivity Teste; Performance Tests- OSRD Report No. 5746, 27 December 1945-
(b; Ph. Naova, Z ges Schiess  Sprengstoffw, pp. 151, 229, £6/ (27 June 1932).
(c)	D. P- MacDougall, Methods of Physical Testing, OSRD Report No. 803, 11 August 1942.
(d)	International Critical Tables.
(e)	M- A. Cook and M. T. Abegg, "Isothermal Decomposition of Explosives,” University of
Utah, Ind & Eng Them, (June 1956), pp. 1090-1095.
(ft A. J. B. Robertson, "The Thermal Decomposition of Pencaerythrltol Tetranitrate, Nitro-
glycerin. Etnyuenediamine DLnitrate and Ammonium Nitrate," J Chem Ind 67. 221 (1948).
(g)	F. W. Broun, D. H. Kusler and F. C. Gibson, Sensitivity of Explosives to Initiation
by Electrostatic Discharges, U.S. Dept of Int, Bureau of Mines, RI 3852, 1946.
(h)	Various sources in the open literature.
(i)	W. S. Cramer, Bulk Compressibility IX *a on Several High Explosives, NAVORD Report No.
4380, 15 September 195^3
(J) Also «ее the following Picatinny Arsenal Technical Reports on PETN:
0	1	2	i	4	2	6	7	8	2
760	1041	772	343	904	1305	1246	407	318	1379
1170	1311	922	863	1274	1325	1276	527	833	1429
1260	1381	1182	IO63	1284	1-45	1316	857	12^8	1489
1290	1451	1192	1133	1414	1705	1376	1247	1318	1556
1300	1561	1212	1253		1885	1446	1517	1388	2179
1320	1611	1262	1343		2125	1456	1617	1568	
1360	1651	I 342	1493			1466	1737	3 598	
1380		1352	1533			1556	'-797	183C	
1390		1372				1796		2178	
1430		lb >2							
1450									
1570									
281
Picrandde (THA) (2,4,6-Trinltroanillne)
АМСР 706-177
% С	31-5	МН2 н 1-3	су	яео N	24.5 0	42.2	N02 С/Н Rot io 0.500	Molecolor Weight: (CgH^N^Og)	228
	Oxygen 8do*ce: CO: %	-56 CO %	-14
	Density: gm/cc	Crystal	l.?6
	Melting Feint: 'C	189 to 190
	Freezing Point: 'C
Impact Sensitivtty, 2 Kg Wt: Bureou of Mine* Apporotus, cm Somple Wt 20 mg Picotinny Arsenal Aopcrotus. >n.	23 Sample Wt, mg	20	loiMna Point- *C	Decomposes before boiling w	point
	Riffrwcflv* Index, n£ П» nS
Friction Pendohim Teat: Ste*' Shoe Fiber She*	Vecaam Stability Test: :c/40 Hrs, at 90”C	—— l00"C	0.9 120’C 135C 150’C
Rifle Pellet Impact Teet: Trial* % Explosions Portia's Burned Unaffected	
	2tX> Gram Bomb Send Test: Send, gm	48. X
Expleeioa Temperature:	°C Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) 1 5 10 15 20	Sensitivity to Initiation: Minimum Detonating Chorge, gm Mercury Fulminote L«ad Azide	0- 30 Tetryl
	Ballistic Mortar, % TNT:	]_00
	Treasl Test, % TNT:	107
7S‘C Internotionel Hoot Teet: % Loss in 48 Hrs	
	Plate Dent Test- Method Condition Confirmed Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
100 C Heat Teet: % Loss, i st 48 Hrs % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion in 100 Hrs	
	Detoft«He« Rote: Confinement	None Condition	Pressed Charge Diometer, in.	0.5 Density, gm/cc	1.72 «otc. meters/second	7300
Flammability Index:	
Hygroscopicity: %	
Volatility:	
2Н2
Plcramlde (1ИЛ) (2,4,6-Trini troanlline)
AMCP 706-177
Fragmouetioa Toot: M м HI, M71 Projectile, Lot WC-9I: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, ib Total No. of Fregmeats: For TNT For Subject HE 3 inch HI. M42A1 Projectile, Lot KC-S: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, Ib Total Ne. ef Fregmeats: For TNT For Subject HE	Shaped Charge EHectiveaoss, TNT — 100: Gloss Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Color:	Yellow
	Principal Uses: High temperat?ire beat resistant explosive
	Method of Loading:	Pressed
	loading Density: gm/cc At 50,000 pal	1.7&
Fragment Velocity: ft/sec At 9 ft At 25% ft Density, gm/cc	
	Storage: Method	Dry Hozord Class (Quontity-Distonce)	Class	9 Compatibility Group	Group	I Exudation	Hone
Bleat (Rotative to TNT»: Ain Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Air, Coafiaod: Impulse Uader Woton Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Underground: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	
	Solubility; Insoluble In water, slightly soluble In alcohol and ether. Soluble In hot glacial acetic acid, hot ethyl acetate end in benzene and acetone. Heat of- Combustion, cal/gm	(a)	2962 Explosion, cal/gm	564 Formation, cal/gm	(a)	131
2K1
АМСР 706-177
Picramide (HiA) (2,1*,6-'IYinitroan;Line)
Preparation:
Five grams of picryl chloride were dissolved in 180 milliliters of absolute methanol.
The solution vas then satur»^ed vith anhydrous, gaseous ammonia. The time required vas
approximately 30 minutes. The amino derivative precipitated in 7S$ yield (3-6 gm) melting
at 190°C (literature MP 189°C).
Origin:
Picramide (2,4 6-trinttroanillne) vas first prepared in 1854 'ey Pisani who treated picryl
chloride vith am .onium carbonate (CR 39, 853) • The use of picramide, as a brisant explosive,
vas patended by Chemlsche Febrile GriesHeim 26 May 1894 (German Patent 84,628). Meisenhelraer
and Patzlg refuted trinitrobenzene with hydroxy laciine in cold alcohol solution to obtain
picramide (Ber 39, 2534 (1906)). Witt and Witte obtained the compound by nitrating a solu-
tion of aniline in glacial acetic acid or concentrated HgSO;. at about 5°C vith concentrated
HNO3 (Ber 41, ^091 (1908)). Holleman gives details of the prep atlon from p-nitroenlline
and ггош acetanilide (Rec tra/ chim 49, 112 (1930)).
Reference:58
(a) William H. Rinkenbach, "The Heals of Combustion and Formation of Aromatic Nitro
Compounds," J Am Chem Зое 52, 116 (1930).
58See footnote 1, png .0.
284
?icratol, 52/45
АМСР 706-177
Composition: % Explosive D	52 ITT	4;	Molecular Weight:	< %.•
	Oxygen Balance: CO. % CO %	-19
	Density: gm/cc	Cast	1.62
	Melting Point: C
C/H Rotio	Freexing Point: C
Impact Sensitivity, 2 Kg Wt: Bureau of Mines Apparatus, cm	100+ Sample Wt 20 mg Picotinny Arsenol Appa.—^., in	17 Sample Wt, mg	19	Boiling Point: C
	Refractive Index, n» n,° nJ,
Frictioa i*endulum Test: Steel Shoe	Unaffected Fiber Shoe	Unaffected	Vacuum Stability Test: cc/40 Hrs, -. •>o C 100 C	0.3’’ 120 С	0.C& 135 C 150 C	0.7
Rifle Ballet Impact Test: Triols % Explosions	0 Portiols	0	
Burned	1*0 Unaffected	60	200 Gram Bomb Saad Teet: Send, Qm	l»^o0
Explosion Temperature:	C Seconds, 0 1 (no cop used) 4% 1	354 5	Decomposes 2b; 10	2'4 15	2’0 20	255	SeaeHMty to InftiaHW Mtn mum Detonating 'J.oige Qm Me чигу Fulminate Leoo Ajide	0.20 Tetryl	(>,0'
	Beilistic Mortar, 4 TNT: > n)	,.x>
	Trauel Test, 4 TNT:
75’C Intemetienel Heat Test: % Loss in 48 Hrs	0-0	
	Plato Dent "sst:	 1 Method
100’C Heat Tost: % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs	0.0 % Loss, 2nd 46 Hrs	0.0, Explosion in ICO Hrs	"ore	Condemn	*e' Confined Density, gm/cc	i .' ' Bn&unce. TNT
	DetanetHMi Rate:	z ) Confinement	<- Condition	4L'	i i Charge Diameter, in	. '
Flammability Index.	
Hygrescepicity: % jO°C, Юк лН	0.02	
Volatility:	Density, gm/cc	,   *	| Rare, metert/yecond	1	|
АМСР 706-177
Picratcl, 52/48
•0 mm HI. M71 Proiectifa, Lot WC-tl: Density, gm/cc	1.61 Chorge Wt, lb	2.075 Tefal Me. of FrogoMeft: For TNT	703 For Subject HE	769 3 lack НЕ, M42A1 Projectile, Lot KC-S: Density, gm/cc	1.61 Chorge Wt, lb	0.850 Tefal Na. of Fragments: F~TNT	514 For Subject HE	48'f	Shaped Charge EffocHveaoM, TNT = 100: Gloss Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Color:	Brown-yellow
	Principal Uses: др, SAP projectiles and bombs
	Method «4 Lending:	Cast
	Loading Density: gm/cc	1.62
Fragment Velocity: ft/sec At 9 ft	2590 At 25Ц ft	2320 Density, gm/cc	1.62	
	Method	Dry Hazard Gass (Quantity-Distance)	Class	9 Compatibility Group	Group	I Exudation	None at 65°C
het (Relative to TNT): Air. Peak Pressure	100 Impulse	100 Energy Air, Confined: Impulse Under Water: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Underground: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Bomb Drop Test: 17, 2000-ln Seml-Armor-Piercing Boat ve Concrete: Max Safe Drop, ft	10,000-12,000	
	Preparation: Picratol is made by heating BiT to about 90°C in a steam-jacketed melt kettle. Explo- sive D is added slowly, without preheating, and the mixture stirred until uniform in com- position. This slurry is cooled to about 85°C and poured into the appropriate ammunition component. Origin; Developed during World War II as an insensi- tive, --it-loeded AP bomb end projectile filler Booster Sensitivity Peet:	(c)
	Condition	Cast Tetryl, gm	100 Wax, in. for 50^ Detonation	1.00 Density, gm/cc	I.63
286
Picratol, 52/Ufl
AMCP 706-177
Reference»; 59
(a)	1- C. Smith and E. G. Eyater, Physical Testing of Explosives, Part III - Miscellaneous
Sensitivity Tests; Performance Tests, OSRD Report Ho. 2? December JQ45.
(b)	D. P. MacDougall, Methods of Physical ^testing, OSRD Report No. 803. 11 August 191*2.
(c)	L. C. Smith and S. R. Welton, A Consideration of RDX/Wax Mixtures as a Substitute for
Tetryl in Boosters, NOL Memo 10,303, 15 June 1949.
(d)	R. W. Drake, Fragment Velocity and Panel Penetration of Several Explosives in Simu-
lated Shells, OSRD Report Уо. 5^2^, 2 January 1946.
(e)	Also see the following Picatinny Arse: <•'.! Technical Reports on Picratol:
0	2	6	7	8	2
l<»70	1885	1466	1737	1838	1729
		1796	1797		
		1956			
^4See footnote I, page 10.
287
AMCP 706-177
Picric Acid
Composition: %	OH c 31,5	1 H	1.3	°2N“|	J		Molecular Weight: (Cj-.H,'.	3°7:’	229
	— NO.,	Oxygen Balance: CO- % CO %		-'•5 -3-5
N 18-3	Lx"		Density: gm/cc	Cry s ta 1		1.76
0	U8-9	' Z z	NO, C/H Rotio 0.656	г		Molting Point: °C		122
		Freezing Point: ’C		
Impact Sensitivity, 2 Kg Wt: Bureou of Mines Apparatus, cm Sample Wt 20 mg Picatinny Arsenal Apparatus, in. Sample Wt, r.ig	Й5	Boiling Point: °C		
	13 17	Refractive Index, П» n°		
Friction Pendtrium Test: Steel Shoe Fiber Shoe		Vacuum Stability Tost: cc/40 H >, at r C lOO’C 120’C I35’C 150’C		0.2 O.5
Rifle Ballet Impact Teet: Trials % Explosions	0 Partiols	60				
Burned	10 Unaffected	0		200 Gram Bomb Send Tost: Sand, gm		48.5
Explosion Temperature:	"C Seconds, 0.1 (no cop used) 1 5 Decomposes	320 10 15 20		Sensitivity to Initiation: Minimum Detonating Chorga, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide Tetryl *Alternative initiating charges.		0.26* 0.21*
		Ballistic Mortar, % TNT:	(•)	112
		| reaxl Tost, % TNT:	(1)	101
7S‘C International Hoot Teet: % Loss in 48 Hrs				
	0 or	Plate Dent Test: Method	(c)	A
100C Heat Teat: % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion m 100 Hrs	0.03 0.09 I.'one	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT		T3 О W	L-A Ы o • о £
		Detonation Roto: Confinement Condition Charge 0 imeter, in. Density, gn /cc Role, meters/second		
Flammability Indan:			Uncor, П r.ed	
Hygroscopicity: % J0OQt	;<J:	0.01		' .0	1.25
Volatility:				"Ъ0
2MH
Pieri >-• Acid
АМСР 706-177
Itattw Sonsitivity Toot:	(c) Condition	Pressed	Cast Tetryl, gm	10	5 Wox, in for 50% Detonotion Wax, gm	2	0 Density, gm/cc	l.e	1. Г	Decomposition Eq notion: Oxygen, atoms/sec (Z.'sec) Heat, kilocolorie/mole (AH, kcol/mol) Temperature Range. C Phase
Hoot of: Combustion, col/gm	2c72 Explosion, col/gm	1000 Gas Volume, cc/gm	h7~ Formation, col/gm	2Lo Fusion, cal/gm	(-)	20.1 Temperature,	122	Armor Plate Impact Test: 60 mm Mortar Projectile: 50% inert. Velocity, ft/sec Aluminum Fineness 500-lb General Purpose Bombs: Plate Thickness, inches 1 14 1'2 1*1
Specific Hoot: col/gm/’C (e) °C ~	0.23b 30	0.258 60	0.2S2 90	0.31C 120	0 337	
Burning Roto: cm/sec	
	Bomb Drop Tost: Г7, 2000-lb Semi-Armor Piercing Bomb vs Concrete: Max Safe Drop, ft 500-lb General Purpose Bomb vs Concrete: Height, ft Trials Unaffected Low Order High Order e 1000-lb General Purpose Bomb vt Concrete; Height, ft Trials Unaffected Low Order High Order
Thermal Conductivity: (f) co!/sec/cm/'C	6.21 x 10 Density, gm/cc	..Лоб	
Coofficioot of Expansion: Linear, %/’C Volume, %/'C	
Hardness, Mohs' Scale:	2 • 1	
Young's Modulus: E', dynes/cm2 E, Ib/inch2 Density, gm/cc	
Comprossive Strength: Ib/inch2	
Vapor Pressure: ’ C	mm Mercury 1 25	2 2J>	>0	
	
АМСР 706-177
Picric Acid
РгадммМНм Teet: «• ям HI. МП Prajoetile. U» WC-P1: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb Total He. ef Fragments: For TNT For Subject HE 3 inch HE. M42A1 Projectile, Let KC-3: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, lb Total No. ef FrogmeoH: For TNT For Subject HE	Shaped Charge Effectfroame, TNT = 100: Glass Cones Steel Canes Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Cobrt	Yellow
	Principal Uses: Formerly projectile filler, now explceive admixture; and for the manufac ire of Explosive D
	Method of Lending:	Pressed
	Leading Denoity: gm/cc	PBi x Ю3 3	5	10	12	15 ao l.lio 1.50 1.57 1-59 1.01 1.6b
Fragment Vaiedty: ft/sec Ar? ft At 254 ft Density, gm/cc	
	ЗФмр*0Фо Method	Dry Huxord Class (Quantity-Distance)	Class	9 Compatibility Group	Group	I Exudation	None
Meet (Alioth. fe TNT): Air Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Air, Coafiaod: Impulse Under Water: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy 11 ц^аяаемк^ • Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	
	
290
AMCP 706-177
Pi eric Acid
solubility: gram per 100 gram i£) of: (g)
Wter	Alcohol	Benzene	Toluene	Ether
i 1	L	1	°C	f	2£	1
0	0.85	0	4.1	0	~2	20	~13	20	~3
20	1.1’	20	6.9	20	9.6	60	-30	3h-7	3-96
40	1.88	40	Ik 0	ho	27.5		
6o 2.98		60	59		
80	4.53				
100	7.1				
		rar bon		
Chlorofora	Ethyl seetato	teTrc chloride	Pyridine	Acetone
2£	1	1	2c i	1	2£	1
20	~2	20	42	20	-/0.07	10	24	20	125
60	-6	3°	50	60	~0.4	30	37.5	30	137
	40	58		50	48	ho	16h
	50	69			50	208
Mothanol	laopropyl alcohol	Propanol-1		Carbon	dieulfide
°C	f	cC	ha Ie? t*.	£c	1
0	14	10	6.4	0	2.4	20	0.12
20	19	30	9-8	20	3-3	30	0.16
40	31	50	15.5	hO	5-h		
50	41		50	7.4		
Preparation: (Sumary Hop. rt of Н1ЖС, Div 8, Vol I)				
СбНб + нй(но3)2	—	—		» CgHjBgeOj + hko3		(1)
+ HgOj	I		*• CgHjBO + Bg(NO3)2		(2)
СбН5Я0 + 2B0 -	—		*	j6®5®2^°3		(3a)
C^jH^NgWO^ + HgO	—		» сбн5он + r2 + hho3		(3b)
CgHjOH + HRO3 .		52г			> OgHCgH^OH + HgC	)	(3c)
CgH-NO	M»o3	OJiCgH.OH oxidation and rearrangement	4				(h)
OgNCgCH + НЯ03 .				> (OgMjgCgH^H +	HgO	(5)
(OgMjgCgHjOH + HWO? №>2			¥ (O-JS^C^OH +	HgO	(6)
291
АМСР 706-177
Picric Ac*d
The two variables of greatest *raportance in this process are nitric acid concentration and
the effe"t.lve concentration of benzene (i.e., benzene dissolved in the oxynitration solution).
The optimal, concentration of nitric acid is in the range 10.4 to 11.6 molar (or the equivalent
of 50$ co 5r$ by weight for pure acid). The acid concentration greatly influences the over
all rate -f reaction, below 10.4 molar th< rate falls off rapidly, while above 10.4 molar the
rates i-i both the oxynitration reaction anu various side reactions, such as direct nitration,
increase rapidly. The range mentioned above seems, in general, to give the lowest proportion
of neutral nitro-compounds to nitro-phenols . ith, ut the ваше time, an adequate rste of ext ni-
tration. The oxynitration solution must be fortified frequently, or, preferably, continuously
with nitric acid. Strengths of nitric acid between 95$ and 96$ are best, due to the smaller
increase in reaction volume than if weaker acid were used. The une of absolute nitric acid
requires that Its direct contact with liquid benzene be avoided.
The effective concentration of benzene 1. -obably toe most critical variable affecting
the proportion of neutral nitro-coinpounds to 11; t-iphenols and amount- of colored l.y-produc-s.
Saturation of the oxyuitratlon solution v ‘Л be; tune в undeslrab.' a,.d thus in batch processes
slow benzene addition is preferable to tl.c ddltion cf it in one portion; In continue, s pro-
cesses where an excess of benzene is useu .he rat» of agitation is important.
The contentration of mercuric nitrate catalyst does not appear to be a critical factor
?’' r _ xaij.2.'- wi.de range. Concentrations of 0.3, to 0-5 mole of mercuric nitrate per liter
of oxynltratiu. solution have been found to give satisfactory results In most cases.
A continuous pj 'Cess, known as the continuous lo.’.ution process, works on the following
cycle. The oxy nitre ton solution is saturated dth benzene by vigorous agitation with excess
benzene at r'om temperature, the saturated solution is separated from excess benzene and cir-
culated thro gh a heated coil; it Is then cooled to room temperature ' ..a agitat. i again, with
benzene, which extrac . the orgsnlc product and resaturatos the oxynl-ration solution. In
evaluating th’.; process, the rate of formation of dinltrophenol per liter of reacting solution
in the coll *” deterr.V.ed; 7G gm of dinltropheno1 per liter per hour Is repr«ser tatlve perfor-
mance. Hie dlniuenol is, of course, nitrated to picric acid.
Origin:
Picric Acid was first prepared in 1771 by Woulff wuc found the reaction of nitric acid
and indigo yielded a dye. Hausizsm Isolated Pieri A- 1 In 1774 and st-d ed It further
(Journal de physique ^2, 165 (173b)). The prep таt’c- was studied by many chemists but in
1841 Laurent established Its iden.lty (Ann chin yhys 1Л,	211 (1841)). It was .fed us a
yellow dye unttl Hirpln. in 1л5, proposed I'ic»l .	1 as a burst! ц. charge lur high exp1 jive
shell (French .’atent 1'.<,512). Ihe British adopted . leric Acid as a military explosive in
uocki under toe часе of lyddite and other nations soon began to иве It es the first melt-
loaded high explosive. Mixtures of other explosives end Picric Acid were developed until it
was gradually repla-.ei ty 777 about 1900. 7-:day P11 1c Acid is used for the manufacture of
Explosive L.
Leftructioi. '.y 7r.en.lca. ;<c0E.P05it;й:.^
Picric Acid .a decomposed dissolving 2y times i-s weight of a solution nde from
1 part sodium hydroxide and i-1 parts sod::::. sulfide 1’ha^.T IHgC) ir. 200 parts 01' water. Some
hydrogen sulfide and aononiv are evolve'-.
292
Picric Л
АМСР 706-177
Refwnncea:
(а)	I» С. £Mith and Е. G. Hyster, Physical Testing of Pmloslves, Part III - MircellaneouB
Sensitivity Kata; Perforaanc» Testa, OSRD Report Bo. 5746, 2? December 19*»5-
(b)	Hi. Haoua, Z gee Schiess-Sprengstoffv, pp. 181, 229, 26? ^27 June 1932).
(c)	D. P. MacDougall, Methods of Fnyaical Tearing, OSRD Report No. 803, 11 August 1942.
(d)	G. H. Mssserly, Ke Rate of Detonation of Various Explosive Compounds, OSRD Report
Bo. 1219, 22 February 194T
M. D. Hurwitz, The Rate or Detonation of Various Compounds and Mixtures, OSRD Report
Ho. 5611, 15 January 1946.
(e)	International Critical Tables.
(f)	E. Hutchinson, The Thermal Sensitiveness of Explosives. The Thermal Conductivity
Esploelve Materials, AC Report No. 2661, First Report. August 1942.
(g)	Values taken from various sources in the open literature.
(h)	Also see' the following Picatinny Arsenal Technical Reports on Picric Acid:
1	2	1	4	2	6	I	8	2
1651	132	1303	694	65	266	1347	1118	IS 9
	582		764	425	556	1557		
	1172		874	1585	926			
	1352				976			
	1372				986			
1446
1556
*^Saa footnote 1, pegs 10.
293
АМСР 706-177
ИРЕ
СмрмШм. РЕМ	81 Gulf Orow 3 Oil	19 C/H Rotio	Motecater Weight:	310
	Oxygen leisare: CO, %	-TL CO %	-31
	Ooaeity: gm/cc	Bend tanp-d	1-35
	>a-A»s	ж- t-ж- vVMBdo Че
	vWIHee чр
Impact leaeltiilQ, 2 Kg Wt: Bu-eou of Minot Apparatus, an Sample Wt 20 mg Picatinny Arsenol Apparatus, in.	11 Sample Wt, mg	27	oNag Pm st: *C
	Refractive Index, nS lȣ
Stool Shoo	Unaffected Fiber Shoe	Unaffected	Vocamn Stebiflty Tost: cc/40 Hrs, ot 90'C 100’C	0.1*8 120*C	16 hours	11+ 135’C ISO'C
Rifle Reflet hnpact Teet: Trials % Explosions	0 Portiols	0 Burned	0 Unaffr :ted	100	
	2M Grcm Bomb Saad Test: Sand, gm	L1.6
(xpiesiea Temporetera:	*C Seconds, 0.1 (no cop used) 1 5 Deconposes* 10 15 20 *Eo value obtained.	W	»»« »- A- t i«r »r	 NMWlvWy W МтЮТЯЯ, Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate	0.20* Lead Azide	0.20* •Alternative initiating chargee.
	MHetic Metter, % TXT:
	TiwbI Teet, % TNT:
7S*C latemetfeeel Meet Teet: % Loss in 48 Hrs	
	Plato Boat Test:	(a) Method	В Condition	Hand tanped C »if ined Density, gm/cc	1. 33 Brisance, % TNT	76
100'C Heat Test: % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs	0.17 % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs	0.00 Explosion in 100 Hrs	None	
	DeHaetiea Rote: Confinement	None Condition	Hand tamped Charge Diometcr, in.	1.0 Density, gm/cc	1.37 v Rote, meters/sacond	7075
ч 	а еасж R_ j	 FWUMflvNRy	
Hygroscopicity: % 30°C, 90jt RH	0.02	
Voietidty:	
294
PIPE
AMCP 706-177
FrogmaaMNea Test:		Shaped Charge ЕНосНгамаа, TNT = 100:
Им И1, M71 ProJectHe, Lot WC-91: Density, gm/cc Chorgr Wt, Ib	1.33 1.723	Gloss Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth
TeToi Na. a* Fragments: For TNT For Subject HE 1 inch HI. MOA1 Projectile, Lot KC-S: Density, gm/cc ChorgeWt, Ib	703 519 1.39 0.735	Cohn
		Principal Uses: Plastic denolltion explosive
Total No. of Fregmaeta; For TNT For Subject HE	51b 1*28	Masked of Leedhe-t	Band tamped
		Loading Density: gm/cc	1.35
Fregmoat Vebdty: ft/sec At 9 ft At 25ft ft Density, gm/cc		
		Method	Dry
Mast (Rotative to TNT):		Hozord Close (Quontity-Distonce)	Class 9
Ain Peek Pressure Impulse Energy		Compatibility Group	Group I Exudation
Air, Confined: Impulse Under Wotor: 4. Pook Pressure		Origin:
		PIPE, a mechanical mixture of PEIS and Gulf Crown E Oil, was developed in the United States during World War II. References:bl
Impulse Energy		(a) L- C- Smith end E. G- Eyater, Physical Testing of Explosives, Part III-Mlacellaneoua
		Sensitivity Tests; Performance Teats, OSRt Re-
Underground: Peek Procure Impulse		port He.	27 December l^ij. (b) S. Livingston, Properties of Explosives
		RIPE, PIPE and PEP-3, Picatinny Arsenal Technl-
Energy Preparation: PIPE is manufactured by simple mechanical mixing of PETN in oil.		cal Report 1517, 2U April 19*»5- 	
^See footnote I , page 10.
295
АМСР 706-177
Plumbatol
Campeekioa:		Mdecahr Weight:	291
Lead Nitrate xNT	70 Я0	Oxygea Balance: CO. % CO %	-5.U +9-3
		Density: gm/cc	
		Making Point: ‘C	
C/H Rotio		Freexing Feint: *C	
Impact Mnskivity, 2 Kg Wt. Bureau o' Mines Apparatus, cm Sample Wt 20 mg Picotinny Arsenal Apparatus, in. Sample Wt, mg		BeiBng Point: *C	
	13 22	Refractive Index, n“ n£ n°	
mSVIW	c vv*« Steel Shoe Fiber Shoe		Vacuum Stability Test: cc/40 Hrs, ot 90°C 100*C 120"C 135*C 150"C	
Rifle Boflot Impact Teet: Triols % Explosions Poitkils			
Burned Unaffected		200 Gram Barna Send Test: Send, gm	32-U
ExptaeUn Tamperafara:	*C Seconds, 0.1 (no cop used) 1 5 Decomposes 23З 10 15		Sensitivity tn Initiation: Minimum Detonoting Chorge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide Tetryl	0.20 0.0
20		BeNietic Mortar. % TNT:	
		Tread Tost, % TNT:	
7S*C latoraotioaol Heat Test: % Loss in 48 Hrs			
		Plate Dent Test: Method	
1WC Hoot Teet: % Loss. 1st 46 Hrs % Loss, ?nd 48 Hrs Explosion in 100 Hrs		Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT	
		Detonation Rate:	(c) Confinement Condition Charge Diameter, in. Density, gm/cc Rate, meters/second	
Flommobility Index:			
Hygroscopicity: %			2.89 1*850
Volatility:			
2W>
Plumbatol
АМСР 706-177
Пив ШЛО! tajactih. Let WC-91: Density, gm/cc Chorge Wt, lb кА* лЛ IHPH OYV»	nW^eWBO* ForTNT For jubjecr HF 3 lack HI, M4IA1 he|sstMs. Let KC-5: Danatty, gm/cc Chorge Wt, lb ForTNT For Subject HE	Shaped Chorge IHecHvoaese, TNT = 100: Gloss Cones Steel Cones (a) Hole Volume	Ilk Hole Depth	10 3
	Cebn	Light yellow
	Friar ip si Usr«
	Mattel a* Loedtag:	cast
	Leodiag Deaaity: gm/cc
Fregawat Velocity: ft/sec At 9 ft At 25% ft Danatty, gm/cc	
	Method	Dry Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance)	Claes	9 Compatibility Group	Group	I Exudation
Meat (Ratetfee to TNT): Ain Rack Pressure Impute Energy Air, Caaftaai; Impulae Uader Wotan Peak Pressure Impute Energy Uedorgroaad: Pook Pressure Impute Energy Preparation: Plumbato1 la manufactured by simple mechanical mixing of lead nitrate in molten TUT.	
	Origin; An explosive containing 70$ lead nitrate and 30$ TNT has neen used in Belgium under the name of "Marcarlte." References:62 (a) Eastern laboratory, du Pont, Inveatl- gatlon of Cavity Effect, Sec III, Variation of
	Cavity irffect with Explosive Corposltlon, NDRC
	Contract W-6T2-ORD-5T23. (b) Л^грев Dictionary of Applied Chem- istry, Fourth Edition, Vol TV, tongmana. Gre n and Company, London - Nev lork - Toronto, p. 46k.
62Sc« footnote i, page 10.
297
AMCP 706-177
PLX (Liquid)
% *	Moloculer Weight:	2|Z<i
Mltioeetbene	100	95 Sthylr.nedlaeine	--	5 •The Bixture 95/5 Nitranethane/Kthylenediamlne la designated PLX (for Picatlrny Liquid Explo- sive). See note under Storage. "	Oxygen Beleece: CDs %	-39	-h8 CO %	-13	-21
	Pensky: gm/cc	1.1L	1.12
	Making Feint: *C	.29
C/H Ratio	В—0^^ rs^WNl|	w
Inspect SenoMvfcy, 2 Kg Wt:	100	95/5 Bureau of Mines Apporotu», cm	100*	100* Sample Wt 20 mg Picatinny Arsenal Apparatus, in. Sample Wt, mg	20	20	BoMhg Feint: *C	101
	3 3 3 BO BO BO
0M^Me Steel Shoe	Unaffected Fiber Shoe	Unaffected	Vactrnm Stability Test: cc/40 Hrs, at 90*C 100’C 120’C 135*C 150*C
Me Beget lamest Tash 10 Trials	5 Trials % < Explosion»	0	i Partials	0	0	
Burned	0	□ Unaffected	100	100 к	200 Grans Bomb Send Test:	100	9^ Sand, gm	8.1	50.6
Ixptseien Tsa^eraterf	*C	°C Seconds, 0.1	100	95/5 1 5	430	iiJO 10 15	SenoMrity to InCHstien: Minirmxn Detonoting Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Aside Tetryl
20	leMetic Mester, % TNT: 131»
	Trees! Teet, % PA	127
	-»	* A*—> <P—< % Loes in 48 Hrs	
	Flute Sent Test: Method
100’C Neat Test: % Loes, 1st 48 Hrs % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion in 100 Hrs	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc brisance, % TNT
	
	Confinement	Glass	Glass Condition	Liquid	Liquid Charge Diameter, in. 1.25	0-9L Density, gm/cc	1.1L	1.12 пЮТЙИ.6210	6165
Hygroscopicity: %	
Volatility:	
298
PUC (Liquid)
АМСР 706-177
Baaater SteiRhOy Teat:	Ki trone thana -as*-»— ЧЛП0ПЮП Tetryl, gm Wax, in. for 50% Dafonction Wax, gm Daneity, gm/cc	DeeoMpeaMen Sgaatiaa: (d)	Mltrootethane Oxygen, otoma/sec	10х*"° (2/joc) Hoot, ktlocolorie/mole	$6*6 (AH, kcol/mol) Temperature Rcnge, *C	ЗВО-кЗО Phase	Gaeeoua
Heat aft	(a) Combustion, col/gm	2830 Explosion, col/gm Gaa Volume, cc/gm Formation, cal/gm	-3U8 Fusion, col/gm Vapor! sati or, cal/gn	1U9	Amnf Kit* йнрмФ Twt? мм 50% kwrt, Velocity, ft/мс Aluminum Ппенмв Э0Ф4Ь Фмвм! Рмрм* ВммЬв! Plate Thickness, inches 1 14 1% 14
Spodflc Hoots col/gm/'C (b) C  0.4209 - O.OOO76t + 0.0000061t2 p	for 15 C to 70°C	
Boraiag Rate: cm/sec	
	Beete Dreg Teat: 77, MOD* leaii Anasr Harriag Beate os Generate: Max Safe Drop, ft S004b fisarrel hwpeee BeaA os Concrete: Height, ft Trials Unaffected Low Order High Order 10004b General Pnrpeoe BeaA vs Concrete: Height, ft Trials Unoffoctea Low Order High Order
I WMVWBWB wMW^^WWvWyS col/soc/cm/"C	
CMNidratwf Ьрммомк Linear, %/*C Volume, %/*C	
ИмИмов» MbW Seek*	
Yeung's Modubre: E', dynes/cm> E, Ib/inch* Density, gm/cc	
Ceateraaohe Sheagib: Ib/inch*	
Vapor Ргемага-	(c) ‘C	mm Mercury 70	258 85	444	
	
299
АМСР 706-177
PLX (Liquid)
N мм HI, МЛ PtofeclKo, U» WC-ll: Density, gm/cc Chorge Wt, lb Total No. of Рмдмийк ForTNT For Subject HE Э Meh HI, M42AT Pnjirtih, Let KC4: Density, gm/cr. Charge W:, It Tot*; No. of Fsugasoafs: ForTNT For Subject HE	Shaped Cbergo If let II tenets, TNT = 100: Glass Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Cofer:	Light yellow
	Pnacipol Usee: Minefield clearing
	Method ef Loadfeg:	Pumping
	Loodtag Density: gm/cc	122	22/^ 1.1k	1.12
Fragment Velocity: ft/tec At 9 ft At 25% ft Density, gm/cc	
	Storage: Method Components stored separately; mixed only when reedy to use Hazard Class (Quontity-Distonco) Compatibility Group Exudation
Moot (Relative to TNT): Abt Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Air, Г Seed: Impurse Under Water: Pook Pressure Impulse Energy Peak Pressure Impulse Energy 1	
	Minimum Propagating	100	95/5 Thickness, tn:	d.$	0.063 Viscosity, centipoises:	t«) Tern;, 10°C	O.7MJ 25°C	0.625 kO°C	0.533 Compatibility with Metals; Stainless steel, mild steel sad duriron not effected; corrodes nrass.
:юо
рц: (Liquid)
AMCP 706-177
Origin:
Nitrcmthene bar been known tine* 1872 (Kolbw, J pralrt (2)	(1872), but was
available only ae a laboratory product until it appeared ы «к industrial chemical in 1940.
A nuaber of patents have been issued for nitroMt&ane prodawsi ae a by-product of the titra-
tion of propene (U. 8. Patent 1,967*667 (1934); Srltieh Patent. t 3,707 (1937): and Canadian
Patent 371,007 (1938).
Uie development of nitaroeethane liquid explosives vw based ca intonation that nltro-
ethane ie sensitised to initiation and propagation of deb-onatioo by the addition of various
seines, this study Made at Picatinny Arsenal in 19*5 indtoatod tint mixtures of nitromethane
with 55& of ethylenediamine, n-butyl-amine, or morpholine ebrwod considerable promise for ap-
plication in nine-field clearance (L. H. Eriksen and J. V'. ttoven. MT?. No. 1565, 17 September
19*>5)-
References^3
(a)	E. E. Holcomb and C. F. Dorsey, "IfcerEXxaymslc Properties of Nitroparafflna,'* Ind
Engl Chen 41, 2788 (1949).
(b)	J. W. Williams, "A Study of the Myslcel Properties of Sltrcmethane," J Ав Cbem Soc
£[, 2644 (1925).
(c)	L. Medard, "Explosive Properties of Nitromethane," Мяа poudr 33, 125 (1951)-
(d)	T. L. Cottrell, T. E. Graham and T. J. rield, "The Thermal Decomposition of Nitro-
ne thanes," Transactions of the Faraday Soclet.. 47, 58U (1951).
(e)	F. Bellinger, H. B. Friedman, W. H. Bauer, V' w> Bastes and W. С. Э111, "Chemical
Propellents: Stability of Mononitrcns'ixiMe," Ind Engr Chen 40, 1320 (1948).
(f)	Also see the following Picatinny Arsenal Technical Reports on Nitrorethar.fc:
0	1	; 2	2'	6	1	8	2
1660	1681	2113	1565 -	2016	1747	1708	1619
1831
G^See footnote
ptfge 10.
301
gotMeiu» Dlnltroben*furoxen (КДИУ)
АНСР 706477
« С	27-3 H	0.1» N	21.2				Miliwlor Weight: (KC^N^Og)	225
	B02	-0 * b\L		XXQXXvVo CO, % co %	>60 •18
0 эб-з	P2’\y	^0	к	Deadly: gm/cc	2.21
К	U.8	 4	-J		M0M4 Mo»t *C	Bxplotee	210
C/H Ratio 0Л16				Bvsoeim	*C	
tappet SeneBMty. 1 Kg Wfc				BeMeg Molt *C	
SompkWt20mg Picotinny Artenal Apporatu*. in. 3» (I lb *t) 6 SampleWT, mg	7				wWVWWW В8ВОТВЦ tit* n& П»	
elWTWi	1 Steel Shoe Fiber Shot	iltt!	KxplO&M Sxplodo*		"KVM ЖММВку ТЯП CC/40 Hr», Ol 90-C 100’C 120’C T»’C 1K»C	
Uh Ballet impeet Tut: Trial* % ЕфЬМопе Portiota					
Burned UlwTWCVM				MB Knn Bemb Send Tert: Ц-6	1*3-6
laptoUea T«np«mlara:	*C Sewnd», 0.1 (no cop ueed) — 1 5	250 10				Minimum Detonating Chorge, gm Mercury Fulminate	0.30 Uad Azide Tetryl	0.20 0.10
20				BeKMic Motto», % THT:	
				TraoelTeet, % THT:	
					
7>C нНлнпша Moot Teeh % Ln* in 48 Hr*				Moto BiHtf Tat: Method	
Ж‘СЫТг* % Lots, lot 48 Hr* % Law. 2nd 48 Hr* Expiation in 100 Hr*		0.03 0.05 lone		vonornon . Confined Daneity, gm/cc Briunce, % TNT	
					
НвоммМВу total:				Confinement	
	30°C, 75* RH J0°C, 90* PH	0.11 0.27		vonwtion Chorge Diameter, in. Deneity, gm/cc Rate, meun/tocond	
V'jtatMtjn					
Э02
Petaaolu» Dlnitrdbensfuroxan (ДЖВР)
АМСР70МП
i Oessmr SeasMsOy Tosh Condition Tetryl, gm Wox, In. for 30% Catenation Wax, gm Comity, gm/ec	Oxygen, etorm/sec <Z/sec) Hoot 1и1осо1оНв/яюИ (AH, kcol/mol) Tomperoturs Kongs, % Phase
Neat eft Combustion, col/gm	2209 Explosion, col/gm	725 Gm Volume, cc/gm	60U Formation, cal/gm Fusion, col/gm	Atoms Halo Impeet Tostt ee^e ^ЛевВее 50% Inert, Velocity, ft/sec A. la molm ^om Оа^^мое ^awvwnuni rwwnio* Plate TNckneas, Inches 1 1% 1% 1%
OpooMe Heats eol/gm/’C (b) °C -50	0.217 0	0.E17 25	0-217 t . 50	0.217	
Oosalag lotos cm/soc	
	tanb Deep Tostt Мех Sole Crop, ft Height, ft Triols unoTTecsvo Lew Order High Order 10004b fleaeral Petpoae Bomb «о ГгапеОо; Height, ft Triols vnoTvecwo Low Order High Order
сЫ/soe/cm/'C	
CoofHstoor of Ixpoaslea: Unoar, %/*C Volume, %/*C	
Мейе* Scsle*	
Ysong't Medefas: E', dynes/cm* E, Ib/inch* Comity, gm/cc	
**- *’—*- ^НетИуПОе *Vp егоъа*	
heiwi! X	mm Mercury	
	
303
АЫСР 706-1П
Potassium Dlnltrobcctfuroxai: (KDKBF)
FregmeeteHoa Teeh N м Ht, MFI PioieeMa, la» WC-91: Density, gm/cc Chorge Wt, lb Total Me. of FregnunH: For ThC Fo« Subject HE Э lash Ht, M42A1 FrejocbU, U» KC-5: □entity, gm/cc Chorge Wt, lb Total Ke. of Fregmeots: ForTNT For Sublet HE	Shaped Charge If teeth on roe. TNT = IM: Gloss Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Colon	Orange to brown
	Principal Uses:	Primary exploeive
	Method of leodiag:	Pressed
	Leodiag Deaeity: gm/cc	Pel x 10	20	JO	40	80 1.63	l.T	2-81	1.86	1.98
Fregewet Velocity: ft/sec At 9 ft At 25% ft Density, gm/cc	
	Stwefe: Method	Vet Hazard Clos. (Quontity-Distonce)	Class 9 Compatibility Group	Group M (vei) Exudation
Meet Utebtfveto TNT): Air. Pool Pressure Impulse Energy Air, CoaHmed: Impulse Under Water: Peek Pressure . Impulse Energy Undergrennd: Peek Pressure Impulse Energy	
	Solubility in wet gm/100 gm solvent, st;
	30°C	0-245 Stab Sensitivity; Density	Firing Point (inch-ounces) gm,'cc	Oft	5Oft	1005 1.63	73	И	84 1.77	66	75	S3 l.cl	42	48	64 1.86	12	15	18 1.93	11	17	21 l.Ofi	7	11	14 A ? 11 vat Ion E.-.ergy;
	kcai/moi Induction-Perl'-'!, see	0.5-10
:hm
Potaadun Djnitrobenzfuroxan (KDfBF)
AMCP 706-177
ftwparatlon of Potaadua 9dt of h,6-dnitrobentfuroxan: (a)
Benxfuroxan, aade by the reaction of ortho-dtrcaniline alkaline aodiun hypochlorite,
ш diarolved in 6 parte of 96jl sulfuric add tad nitrated at _?°-2O°C with a U to 1 aulfuric-
dtric add datura. The ealt was prepared by neutralization of the l,6-dinltrdbenrfurox*n
with potaadua bicarbonate followed by recrys tall! tation froa hot water. The product feme
in mbH golden orange platea which explode at 2L0°C.
Origin:
The potaadwa salt of 1,6-dinitrcbenzfUroxan vaa first prepared in 1899 by von P. IToet
(Ann Jgfc, 56 (1899))*
Beferences:64
(a)	B. J. Gaughran, J. P. Picard and J. V. R. Khufban, "Contribution to the Cbedstry of
nemfliirnim Derivatives," J Aa Ома Soc j6, 2233 (1954*
(b)	C- Denchits, Toe Oalariaater Deterdnation of Bhtbalpy and Spedflc Heat of Eleven
(IraanMetallic Ccwounda, feMB fe. ЙЙЙЬ» Boveder 1955.
(e)	Also aee the following Picatinny Araenal Technical Beporta on Potaaaiun Dinltro-
bauftaraan:
£	2
2122	2093
6	2
21U	2179
^See footnote 1, page 10.
306
АМСР 706-17?
РТХ-1
	MJecrter Waight:	252
		
	Oswv Iolanta;	
RDX	30		-*5
Tetryl	50	ЭЯ	- 9
THT	20	Density: gm/cc	1.68
r	Mte T Met: ’C	Eutectic	67
C/HRotto	sWIWi 4»	
Impact SoaoHMy, 2 Kg Wt:	eMog faint: "C	
		
		
Sampte Wt 20 mg	Refrecttee lades, n£	
Picatinny Arsenal Apparatus, in.		
Sampte Wt, mg	n«	
	П»	
Vdsddlvoi Tut*	Vocwam SlsbMty Teat:	
Stem Shoa	cc/40 Hrs, at	
Aber Shoa	90*C	3-0
	100‘C	
RMeMtet Impact Teat: Trioh	120"C	
% Explosions	20	135’C	
Rortiak	20	150‘C	-
•timed	0	200 6mm lamb Stead Tec	
Unaffected	60	Sand, gm	54.8
	M	testate vKKVIaWWy VHIV^^V^Mie	
Second», 0.1 (no cop used)	Minimum Detonating Charge; gm	
1	Mercury Fulminate	0.23»
S	Lead Aside	0.22»
10 IK	«Alterative initiating ohanrea.	
20	MNtefc Meteor, % TNT: (a)	132
	Tread Tote, % TNT:	
		
		
* Low In 48 Hrs	Note Doot Toot:	(b)	
	Method	В
НГС Note Teter	Condition	Coat
% Ute, let 40 Hr»	Confined	No
% Ute, 2nd 40 Ha	Density, gm/cc	1.68
Evteoion in 100 Hrs	Brisance, % TNT	127
	Detonation Rate:	
ЙМммЫЙ1у lodM!	Confinement	None.
	Condition	
HygieeiMlilryi % 3rC, 90l> RH> 15 days	0.00	Charge Diameter, in.	1.0
	Density, gm/cc	1.64
Votes*?:	Rate, meters/tecond	7655
306
РТХ-1
AMcpyofr-m
N MM HI. МЛ hejecMe, La» WC-tl: □entity, gm/cc	1.64 ChorgeWt, Ib	2.180 Teiol No. of РмдмШк For TNT	703 For Subject HE	999 1 tach Ht, M42A1 Projectile, Let KC-S: Density, gm/cc	I.63 Charge Wt, Ib	0.864 I wVWB ВМШа For TNT	514 For Subject HE	685	Shaped Charge IHesHveoaea, TNT = IBM GIom Cones Steel Сопы Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Catar:
	Principal Usm: Lend mines and demolition charges
	Method of leodfag;	Chet
	Leedtag Deaahy: gm/cc	1.68
Модема» Vetachy: ft/sec A»» ft	2690 At 254 ft	2460 Density, gm/cc	1.64	
	Method	Dry Hoxord Clou (Quontlty-Otstonca)	Claes	9 Compatibility Group	Group	I Exudation	Exudes at 65°C
Meet flteMeo to TNT): Ain	(a) Peak Pressure	111 Impulse	109 Energy Alt* СмАмбх Impute* Under Weesn Peek Pressure Impuhe Energy Peak Pressure Impuhe Energy	
	Preparation;
	Ihe ternary explosive system consisting of RDX, tetryl end TXT 1s prepared by adding the appropriate weight of water-wet REX to a tetry- tol (40/60) previously melted in a steam- jacketed melt kettle. Heating end stirring are continued until all the water is evaporated and the mixture is uniform in cosposltion. PTX-1 is also prepared by adding tetryl to RDX Composition B. Compatibility with Metals:
	Dry; Aluminum, mild steel not affected. Wet; Aluminum, mild steel not effected.
Booster Sensitivity Teet;	(c) Condition	Pressed	Cost Tetryl, gm	100	100 Wax, in. for 50£ Detonation	1.94	1,32 Density, gm/cc	1.61	1.68	
307
ЛХСР 706-177
PTX-1
Origin;
Die possibility of employing ternary mixtures to obtain explosives haring greater power
and higher brisance than binary mixtures was suggested by the analysis of Russian 76 am,
armor piercing high exploeive rounds (R*Dl Mo. 13U, 17 July 19^3). The Risslan type ternary
explosives, based on the composition and laboratory studies of such Mixtures, were indicated
to be effective pressed fillers. In conducting s preliminary study of csstable ternary explo-
sive Mixtures suggested by the Russian fillers, a mixture consisting of ftHi/teEryl/TMT, desig-
nated PTX-1 was developed which had exploeive and physical properties offering considerable
advantage for military applications (RADI Во. 13^0, 27 October 19*13; end 1379, 11 January
19*A).
A PTX-3 ccapoaition, prepared by the addition of Halelte to *0/60 tetrytol, else offered
prosdse but United to applications where the charge would not be required to withstand stor-
age at 6j°C without exudation.
References:65
(a)	L. C. Smith and E. G. Ryster, fhysical Testing of Explosives, Part Щ - Miscellaneoua
Sensitivity Testa; Performance Tests, OSRD Report Bo. 57*^>, 27 December 19*5.
(b)	D. P. MacDougall, Methods at Physical Testing, OSRD Report Ko. 003, 11 Augur .. 19*2.
(c)	L. C. Smith and S. R. Walton, A Consideration at RIg/wax Mixtures as a Substitute for
Tetryl in Boosters, MOL Memo 10,303, 15 June 19*9-
(d)	V. R. Tomlinson, Jr., Blast Effects of Bomb Explosives, Rd Tech Div Lecture,
9 April 19W.
(e)	Also see the following Picatinny Arsenal Technics^. Reports on PTX-1:
0	8	1	6	1	2
1530	11Ю2	1623	1H66	1>»37	1379
1506	1U29
1*69
6^Ses footnote 1, pngs 10.
308
РД-2
АМСР 706-177
CmvmNm: RDX	Mt . 1ц FKDt	28 - яб ОТТ	28-33 C/H Ratto	Metecater Weight:	2U	2^3
	Oxygee Oelearst CO» %	-33	-36 CO %	- з	- *»
	Benally: gm/cc	x.TO
	MaBteg Mat: *C	Butectic 75
	a	b^ ГЮТВоЯЦ twIWi ч»
IrapMtfaneBMy, 1 Kg Wlh Buraou of Mterae Apparatus, cm	35 Sampte Wt 20 mg PiMtteny Anonol Apparatus, in. Sampte Wt, mg	fc. sao— WBMBQ TWBBin w
	Refractive Max, ni n£ n£
HWllVH ^^^ММЯНВ ЮТ* Steal Shao	Cracklee гютг эгия	Vaearan SteMBy Tact: cc/40 Hrs, at 90"C 100’C	2.6 120*C	H+ 135*C 150*C
RMteOoBot hugest Ta«: Trials Exptooiora	6o Partials	0 Burned	0 Unaffected	ho	
	200 Brara Borah Sand Test: Sand, gm	56.9
Oeplsoloo Tesnporetrav:	C Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) 1 5 10 IS 20	m—1м1в1М^Ае «аввявппву w ooobbbm^ws Minimum Detonating Chorge, gm Mercury Fulminate	0.21 Lead Azido	0.00 Tetryl	0.00
	DaBhHc Mester,«TNT: (•)	136
	Trauol Toot, % TNT:
7S*C	Mset Testi % Loes In 40 Hn	
	Ptata boat Test:	(b) Method	В Condition	Coot Confined	Ro Density, gm/cc	1’71 Brisance, % TNT	1Ы
IN'C Neat Toth % Ute, 1st 40 Hrs « Lora, 2nd 40 Hrs Explosion in 100 Hn	
	BoteaoHea Bote: Confinement	None Condition	Coot Chorge Diameter, in.	1.0 Density, gm/cc	1.70 Rate, meters/socond	8065
ЯшвяшММу In4nt	
- ^4 ” 30o<5, 9W RH, 15 «toys	0.00	
VateMByt	
Э№
AMCP 706-177
PTX-2
^^^BgasoaSaaloa ^fosls п мм НА МП PiojecMe, LM WC-91: Density, gm/cc	1.68 ChorgeWt,»	2.226 Total He. of fugiMi'hi For TNT	703 For Subject HE	1128 3 lack НА MOA1 PropMto U»KC4s Density, gm/cc	1.70 ChorgeWt, Ib	0.897 TsBel Nou of For TNT	51b For Subject HE	7$O	ЯмрИ Charge Necttoeeee, TNT = 160: Gloss Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume ~ 130 Hole Depth
	feeler:
	htaslgslltota Shaped chargee Fragmentation charges
	Method of Lsodtag:	Chat
	Leedtag ttaaohy: gm/cc	1.70
Frogawat Vatadty: ft/мс At 9 ft	3020 At 25ЦЙ	2850 Density, gm/cc	I.70	
	Msthod	Ury Hczord Class (Quantity-Distance)	Claes	9 Compatibility Group	Group	I Exude <ian	Hone et 65°C
Etot (Malto to ТИП AM	(d) Peak Pressure	113 Imputo	113 Energy	*• Air, Ceatosd: Imputo POok Pressure Imputo Energy Peek Frescura hnputo Energy	
	Preparation:	/ The ternary explosive system consisting of RDX, РИЯ and TUT is prepared by adding the appropriate weight of water-wet RDX to a pen- tolite (ЭО/70) previously eeltod in e atoaa- Jвeketed melt kettle. Heating and atirrlng are continued until ill the water la evaporated and the mixture is uni fora in composItion. PTX-2 is also prepared by adding water-wet РЕП to RDX Composition 3. Coeetlblllty vith Metals:
	Dry: Aluminum, mild steel not affected. Wet: Aluadnum not affected.
Booster Sensitivity Test:	(c)	
Condition	Pressed	Cost Tetryl, ga	100	100 Hex, In. for 506 Detonation 1.87	2.32 Density, ga/cc	1.70	1.61	
310
m-г
АМСР 70МП
Origin!
9м possibility of eag>loylng ternary nixturua to obtain explosives baring greeter power
and higher brisance than binary Mixtures aha auggeeted by the analysis of Russian 76 an, amor-
piercin} high exploeive rounds (RAR во. 13H, IT July 1943) • 9м Russian type ternary explo-
sives, baaed on tte ccsvoaition and laboratory studies of ouch nlxturea, were indicated to be
effective nressed fl Ilera. In conducting a preliainexy study of castsble ternary exploeive
ndxtyrea suggested by tte Ruaaian fl Here, a nlxture eonaiating of Rld^ita(/9n, deeignated
PTX-2 tea developed which ted exploeive and physical properties offering conalderable advan-
tage for sdlltery applications (MIR Mo. 1)60, October 19*3; end 1379, 11 January 19**).
A PTX-* coupositicn, prepared by the addition of Halelte to 30/70 Pentolite, also offered
proedse but tecauae of border-line stability in accelerated stability tea to, РП-* oust be
proven by long tens storage to be acceptable for uae in atandard a—iinl tion.
RefUrencest**
(a)	L, C. Beith and E. 0. Ryster, Physical Tenting of Explosives, Part in - Miscellaneous
Sensitivity Htetet Perfoiwanoe Haeta,
(b)	D. P« MacDougall, Methods of Physical Heating, OBRD Report Bo. 803, 11 August 19*2-
(1) L> C. Bal th and 8, R, Walton, A Consideration of RDt/Wax Mixtures as a Substitute flor
Tetryl in Boosters, MOL Meao 10,303, 1JJ June 19*9-
?^d) V. R. Honlinaon, Jr,, Blast Effects of Boob Exploeivwe, FA Tech Div Lecture, 9 April
(e) Also see tte following Picatinny Arsenal Technical Reports on PTX-2:
023*2662
1530	1*62	1*83	1*1*	1**5	1*66	1836	1379
1623	1*29
1*69
“dee footnote I, page 10.
311
лж.срмьлтг
P7A-U
См^мМвв	Milandir Weight:	217
нт	90 Polyvinyl Acetate	8	Oapgea Meaeet CO, %	-37 CO %	-10
DihutylphthaLate	2	DeaaKfi gm/cc	Pressed	1.60
	°C	9g	
C/HRrtio	
ЬцмМ lisillUty, 2 Kg Wt: Buraou of Mines Apparatus, an	39 Sample Wt 20 mg Picotinny Anenol Apparatus, in.	9 Sample Wt, mg	13	BeMsf VtolRtt *C
	Refrastwe laden, n° ni ni
Fiielioo	Twts Steel Shoe	Crackles Rhor Shoe	Unaffected	уК^ЯМ рЮТИиу ЮТ* cc/40 Hrs, ot 90*C 100’C	0.15 120’C	0.88 I35’C 150’C	11+
BMe Mot Ьцм* Test: 5 Tric k * % Explosions	20 Portide	0	
Burned	60 *f№%92fs at -46°C - Unaffected	200 Grom Bomb Send Test: Sand, gm	58.5
^^s^tlseie^a ^Ps^^t^l^ieotoe^i: Seconds, 0.1	(no	cop	used)	— 1	330 5	Оесоацюеее	375 10	265 IS 20	ее	we_ s-	Utel^U-, pmWwrvwy W nHlIBnSiOo Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide	0.22 Tetryl
	IsBletit hterter, % THT:
	Trani Teet, % TNT:
7S*C leteraeHoeel Hoot Teat: % Lou in 48 Hrs	
	Plate Doot Test: Method
100*C Heat Teat: % Lou, 1st 48 Hrs	0.10 % Lou, 2nd 48 Hra	0.06 Explosion in 100 Hrs	Hone	Condition Confined Density, grn/cc Brisance, % TNT
	
	Confinement	Hone
Hygresiiylrltyi %	30°C, 90£ RH	0.20	Charge Diamater, in.	1.0 Density, gm/cc	1.60 Roto, meters/second	7910
VetoMfcy:	55°C, vacuo, 6 hrs	0.03	
312

АМСР706-1П
N м M, МЛ МмМ* 1*» WC41t DtmMy, gm/cc Chorga W»,lb For TNT hr Subject HE 1 MM, М4Ы1 МмЫЬ, be* K4: OaraRy, gm/cc Chorga Wt.lb TM Ne. of РядемМаз For TNT For Subject Ht		* n_ -	VMV » gMfWV	inWIIvVNWII, 1 П a	a^^H Glace Cena* Steel Сом* Hole Volume Кой Depth
	Coiert	White
	Prieeipoi Umk	Deaolitioo chargee
	MclbeA of Laedtag:	Preaaed or extruded
	Uedtag Daaaky*. gm/cc	I.6o
Рядам* Vabakyt ft/мс At 9 ft At23Hft OonaHy, gm/cc	
	Method	Dry Hazard CloM (Quontity-Dtetanca)	Claoo	9 Compatibility Group	Group	I Exudation	gone at 71°C
Waat (Relative to TNTh Ain ReokPrwwe Impuhe &*gy AW Impuhe Uader Wotan Рмк Ргемиге Impube &*gy (Ыидмамк Pack Ргамым IttpuiM &*gy	
	Ploaticity; -kO°C	Cracked 25°C	0.3
313
АМСР 706-177
FVA-J*
Preparation;
bploelve IVA-4, a seed-plastic composition of Canadian origin, consists of 900 RDX, dfl
polyvinyl acetate and 20 dlbutylphthalata (1ЙР). Thia femulation wee developed by ЙГ. Suthur-
land of Sbevlnigan Cbeodcals, Ltd. In evaluating various types of polyvinyl acetate соивег-
clally available in the United Staten, a type obtained free Union Carbide and Carbon, under
the Industrie! naead or designation *AXMT *» the aovt proadaiog coating for RDX in the pro*
portions M«/lVA(ATAT)/lBP 9ty6/2.
A practical eethod of preparing this covooition vaa by the addition of e aolution of the
coating agent to an aqueous ROC slurry. Based on the quality of the product end the pellet
densities obtained, a procedure of adding an acetone aolution of IVA a- IBP to a hot eater
Blurry of RDX, under agitation, vas adopted as atandard.
Мйгеу?67
(a) See the following Picatinny Arsenal Technical Reports on IVA-4: 1532 and 1бэ4.
footnote I, page 10.
314
РУМ (Polyvinyl Mitrate)
АМСР 706-177
*--rnTi-i с ат и	3.U	| (BgC-ai-ceog)n М	15.6	• о	5* C/H Ratio 0,203	Meteeuter Weight: (c8H3Ba3)n	(89)n
	Ощ^м ОЫмсФх CC. %	A5 CO %	.9
	Вошку: gm/cc
	Making Noh *C (Soft Pb)	50
	
м^мИемвы^	U.860 Buraou of Mita Apparatus cm	— Sampte M* 20 mg Picotinny Artenol Apporaii|(, In. Sampte W|,mp	
	f |b fa fa
о—	Vratan •VraHM	VWV Steal Shot	Crackle* RberSho*	Unaffected	Veceem Stebflky Trate cc/40 Hn, ot 90’C 100’C	16 hour%	11+ 120’C	16 boure	ll* 13S’C 150’C
UbMOtetaTM; Trial» % Explosions rVMWQV Burned  	aa—»_ л UnGTWCWQ	
	2BB Stem Beta Sand Tate: Sand, pm	k9-9
Repteteea Teeiperata*:	*C Second», 0.) (no cop umd) 1 S	265 10 IS 20	SoBoMvIty to (яШяНвА* Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mitfojtnf Fubninote Lead Ax ide Tetryl
	BakMte Metta. % TNT:
	Trata Tate,« TNT:
99 w ИЯНЯИ1М1 SfOW ••w* % Loot In 41 Hr*	
	Plate Boot Toeh аа-*о- - -* IVWIVIUO Condition Confined Oeneity, gm/cc Brieanco, % TNT
IBB’C Neat Tetei % Lora, IttOBKn	1.9 % Ute, 2nd 4« Ha	2.1 Expteaion in 100 Ha	Bone	
	VaOTVomWeeWeW Catation Ok ge Diameter, In. DoneHy, gm/cc Rate, metore/eooond
НшшмЫВу |в4рвх	
Hyp			% 30°C, 90* RH	0.62	
VihNBlji	
3U
амсрнс-го
Ю (Polyvinyl Mtwto)
9» MM IM, МП MwNK lot wwi: Density, gm/oc Charge Wt, to Tatoi N*> «1 Тмдаиаап ForTNT For Subnet HE > tach ML MOA1 Рм|ааМК Lot KC4t Corally, gm/cc Chops Wt, b Total Mat of FragMsatat ForTNT For Sublet HE	Shogad Chapa hHanlinata TNT ж NM (аПмСопм SiaaiConM HoteVoiuma Hob Depth
	Cai»
	
	
	Laadtag IMaAyt gm/cc
Марам» WhaMjift/aac At 9 It At 254 Л DamHy, gm/cc	
	ЛЛ -.A- _ -a fvwmoQ Hazoid Oom tQuonttty-DiaMnce) ^aa^Mb^^SUlaa 	 yJff^KKVMf ЧЖНф Enidotion
MMMahNwtoTWDt ' Ain Wt Maaawa tagulta bw AMCsaMas* (хфиПа Ыа Wotan АккАммиго Iwpultt EMW AmAMsmum 1м|ш1м в*рг	
	65.$°C P T«at: Minutes	6o 13h-5°C Boat Teat: Minutes Salnoo Pink	Йв RedPumss	25 Kxplodes	JOO* g^tO-Hour gydrolyala Test; t ШЮ3	j.OT Heat of; Coadjustloo, cal/go	29^0 Explosion, cal/go	900 Gm Voluas, cc/jo	838
316
рта (Polyvinyl Hitrate)	AMCP 706477
Preparation;
Polyvinyl alcohol io nixed vith acetic anhydride. Th« mixture la cooled to -5°C and the
nitric add la added slowly while the пом la being atirr d- The temperature la controlled
by the rate of add addition so that when ull the add haj been added the temperature does
not ria* above SO°C.
Vhen the nitration la complete, the mixture ie drowned by allowing a fine atreon 1 the
syrupy liquid to fleer from the nitrator and dx'intimately with a large stream of water. This
causes the product to precipitate in a fine state.
Пе finely divided precipitate la purified by boiling in frequent changes of water.
Origin:
Пе first preparation of polyvinyl nitrate waa reported in 1929 by solution of polyvinyl
alcohol in concentrated sulfuric add and treatment with nitrating add at a temperature not
over 50°C. (demon Patent 537,303). Inter patehta issued relative to polyvinyl nitrate in-
cluded П. 8. Patent 2,Hj8,U87 (1938) and demon Patent 737,199 (19^3) .
317
АМСР706-1П
RIPE
CoespotiNen: % ШЖ	65 Gulf Crown Е Oil	15 C/H Ratio	Metosotar Weight:	230
	Oxygen Beleece: CO» %	.	-70 CO %.	-35
	Dsesky: gm/cc Hand taoped	I.37
	^M^BBBIB^ s>URi \e
	Frosting Beta; *C
। speet SontiMty, 1 Kg Wh Buroou of Mines Apporotus, cm	53 Sociple Wt 20 mg Picatinny Areanol Apparatus, in.	13 Sample Wt, mg	25	te_»ne	T ^^BBBBBe \s
	go go io
Stool Shao	Unaffected Rbor Shag	Unaffected	Vecaaot StehiWy Tool: cc/40 Hrs, at 90*C 100’C	0-3*t 120*C	0.56 135*C	x 150*C
Mb Baliti taped Tost: Trials % Captations	0 Partiata	0 Burned	0 Unaffected	100	
	280 Oram too* Send Test: Sand, gm	*Ю.1
fapfssioi Tot psootwo:	’C Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) 1 5 Decomposes; no value obtained 10 15 20	at	ws а. ж_ e r»r же	 Вм^е^^га^ВСВе Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Aside	0.20 Tetryl
	SaBtatic Mortar, % TNT: (a)	118
	Tranti Teet, % TNT:
* 9 w	1 Wee % Loos in 43 Hrs	
	Plate Deaf Toot:	(ъ) Method	В Condition	Hand tanped Confined	No Density, gm/cc	.	1>37 Briionia, %	TNT	85
1M*C Hoot Testi % Loss, 1st 4iHw	0.63 •. .4 Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs	-01 -ixplotion in 100 Hrs	None	
	ftetOe Confinement	Nora: Condition.	Hand tanped Chorge Diameter, in.	1.0 Density, gm/cc	1. 37 Rote, meters/second	7390
	
ЙррямрМр %	30°C, 90$ RH	0-04	
VtitiMty*	
31F
F-ГРЕ
АМСР 706-177
FvegeideMHee Teet?	
«• man HI, МУ1 MHctfe.Let WC-tl: V Density, gm/cc	1.3S
Cha.-5s W lb	1.^6
Tatel H*. ef РгедемМ*.'7	
For TNT	703 -
For SubJirtHE _ J fMhKVtadW Рго)мМе, Let KC-S:	592
Density, gm/ec ?	1.U2
 Chorge Wt, lb	. , . .	0.756
	• x" ? '
TotalH».efFr*gmeaj«( -	
For TNT	51b
For Subject ЙЕ \	501
--	
Рядами* VetacMyt ft/sec AtPft At 25% ft	2650 2370
Density, gm/cc	1.395
Btast (RstaHveteTNT): Abt Peek Prostum Impube bergy Ab, Ceebtaed: Impube Under Wotan Peek Pressure Impulse Energy Ua^MMabta4t Peok Pressure Impulw Energy Preps ration; RIPE Is manufactured t. simple	mechsnlс»I
mixing of RDX In oil.	
Hol* Volume -
Hdrtfepih
Whit*
Plastic demolition exploaive
Landtag DsasMy: gm/cc
Method
Hand tamped
1.37
ГГу
Hozord Class (Quontity-Dbtonce)
Compatibility Group
Kone at 85°C in 30
Esudorion Kone at 95°C in W
Exudes at 105°C in
Origin:
Clean 9
30
Group I
hrs
hr*
k8 hrs
RIPE, a a*chan1cel mixture of RDX and Gulf
Crown E Oil, we* developed in the United States
during World war II,
R*ferenceaih"
(a) U- C. Smith and E, G. Xyster, Physical
Testing ttf Explosives, Part HI - Miscellaneous
Sensitivity Tests; Performance Tania, dfltb Be-~
port No.'^t. 5?'b»cemler"T545'.-------
(t) D- P. MscDougsll, Methods of Physical
Testing, OSRD R*port No. 86}, it August
(c) Also see the following Picatlnny A.-aenal
Technical Reports on RIPE: 1713, 1695 and 1517<
hHSee footnote 1, pagt- iо.
319
АМСР 706-177
Silver Azide
	Melecelar Weight: (AgN^)	150
N	28.0 Ag	72.0	Oxygen lalaata: CO, %	-5 CO %	-5
Ag-N-«"«	Dasilty: gm/cc	Crystal	5.1
	JuUMsg Meh ’C..	(a)	251
C/H Ratio	_	. _ , .	silver hd nitrogen. Steering Meh C
hnpeel SeeaMrOy, 2 Kg Wh	BriOeg Meh *C
e^Ota ^Я^че	a IB IMV J Iga^^ga no a	will	w Sample Wt 20 mg Picotinny Arsenal Apparatus, in.	3 Sample Wt, mg	18	ft ft ft
Mttiea Pte delta Tash PA Stall Apparatus Steal Shoe	Detonates Fiber Shoe	Detonates	vKWMR МЮТЮТу 1 cc/40 Hi*, at WC 100*C 120‘C 135’C 150‘C
RMe BeKst hnpect Teat: Trial* % Explotion* ta	^t-t- ГОГТЮ»	
Burned Unaffected	200 Gram Bea* Seed Teah ЙаЬУооийег fuse^	18. Q ___
ExpUsiee Ttaparaleie.	*C Second*, 0.1 (no cap uced)	310 1 5 Explodes	290 10 15	1— gGHHItvWy	МНП^м^ИВ* Minimum Detonating Charge, gm AAercury Fulminate Lead Azide Tttryl
20	BeHiaHc Mortar, % TNT:
	TroexiTeat, % Hg(ONC)2 (c)	88
7S'C letimstlaaal Hoot Teat: % Loa* In 48 Hr*	
	Plote Doot Teah Method
WC Hoot Teat: % Loaa, lit 48 Hr* % Loaa, 2nd 48 Hr* Explotion in 100 Hr*	Condition Confined Density, gm/ce Brisance, % TNT
	DeBMMtWfl Retos Confinement Condition Charge Diameter, in.
HsoMMbdity Index:	
Hygroscopicity: % (b) 25°C, 100'S RH 0.04	
Volatility:	75°C, 2L hrs	0.00	Density, gm/cc Rote, meters/tecond
320
Silver Azide
AMCP 706477
РмфяиМвИоо	Shaped Charge IHoaHvorssa, TNT =	166t
N ама HI, M71 PsejMtMa, Ut WC31: Density, gm/cc ChorgeWt, Ib	Gloss Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth	
Total Ne. of Fregassats: For TNT For Subject HE S bob M, MttAI ProjosSMs, Let KC-S: DoraKy, gm/cc ChorgeWt, Ib	Celon	Whl	te to grey
	Maslpel Uses:	Initiator	
ToM Ha. of Fregamata: For TNT For Subject HI	Mothe! el Uedhgt	Pressey'	
X.	Loodhsg Osaaftyt gm/cc	Variable	
Frepaeat Vaieoftyt ft/sec		
At У ft At 25% ft Density, gm/cc	Method	Wet
Meet (BeioHve ta TNTh	Hozord Class (Quantity-Distance)	С1ам 9
Ain Peak Pressure Impulse &tergy	Compatibility Group Exudation	(uOUp M None
А1г,СмЯм£	Initiating Efficiency:	
Impulse Uader Wotan Peak Pressure	Graae Required to Give Complete Initiation of TNT Solubility in 100 gm Solvent	(c) 0.02-0.05
Impulse &tergy UWw^vmnMIs Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Explosive Power; (f)	at Room Temperature:	
	Solvent Water (b) Ansaonium hydroxide Nitric acid Ether (b) Ett_. 1 alcohol, 95^ Acetone Unaffected by water and COg.	Grams 0.006 Soluble Decomposes 0.017 0.006 0.015 (a)
Kilogram meters	192,000	Heat of:	
$ Mercury Fulminate	1.097	Exploalon, cal/gm ic. a) Formation, cal/gm (e)	1*52 67.8
321
АМСР 706*177
Silver Azide
Preparation;
ММ3 + AgJK>3~* AgN3 I + KaHO3
Prepare the following aqueous aolutiooe:
•> 5^ НЫ<з> sodiua azide, 50 ее
b. 256 AglO^, silver nitrate, 25 ее
The silver nitrate aolution la placed in a 200 ее conductive rubber beaker equipped vith a
hard wood stirrer operated by an sir notor. Thu sodlua azide solution Is plaeed in a separa-
tory funnel fastened in e ring stand above the beaker containing the Oliver nitrate. A long
cord (10 ft) is fastened to the stopcock of the separatory funnel so that the funnel can be
ez^tled by reacts control. The silver nitrate solution is ow stirred very tepidly and the
sodlua azide la slowly ten into the nitrate solution. Stirring is continued for 5 minutes.
The content^ of the beaker are filtered through folded filter paper and vashed free of sodlua
azide and silver nitrate vith distilled water.
Silver azide should be stored under water in a conductive rubber container. Thia prepara-
tion will yield approximately 7 grans.
The preparation should be conducted under a hood and behind a barricade. The product ob-
tained hy the above procedure has a very fine particle size, alnoet colloidal. Very fine sil-
ver azide ie safer to handle and is just as efficient and stable as the largo, coarse crystal-
line mterial (Ref b). When a thin flln of fine silver azide is precipitated on Mercury fhl-
ninate, tetryl, etc., these substances are as efficient weight for weight as pure silver azide
(Ref g). White silver azide is less effected by light than aercury or lead azide (Ref h).
ions colorless crystals which explode on breaking are obtained fmn ammonium hydroxide.
Origin!
Silver azide was first prepared in 1890-1 by T. Curtius (Ber 2J, 3032; Ber 24, 3344-5) by
passing hydxezoic add (HM-) into neutral silver nitrate solution. Thylor and~Kinkenbach pre-
pared pure "eollodial" aggfegatee and showed its sensitivity depends upon its particle size
(Any Ordnance 5, 824 (1925). Silver azide was found in a detonator of foreign aeunltion for
the first tine in 1945 (Ref 1).
References
(a)	A. R. Hitch, "Thermal Decomposition of Certain Inorganic IM nitrides," J An Chen Soc
40, 1195 (1918).
(b)	C. A. Taylor and Wn. H. Rinkenbach, "Silver Azide: An Initiator of Detonation," Army
Ordnance, vol 5, p. 824 (1925)*
(с)	E. De V. S. Colver, High Explosives, London and Rev York, p. 527.
(d)	A. Stettbacher, Spreng u. Schlesstoffe, Reacher, Zurich, p. 97 (1948).
(e)	A. Marshall, Explosives, 2nd Ed, Vol II, p. 767, London.
(f)	A. Stettbacher, Z gee Schiess-Sprengstoffw 10, pp. 193-214 (1915).
69s«« footnote 1, page 10.
322
311тет Aside
АМСР 706-177
(в) Т> Blechta, Chi» et Ind Special Io. 921-5 (June 1933); C. A. 26, (46.
(h) L. Wohler and W. Krupko, Berlohte W, 20^7-2050 (1913).
(1) F. G. Harerlak, graainatloo of 120/k5 Ж Hg Shell, Italian (MOM-M6U) , BA® Mo. 1515,
10 April 19*»5-
323
АМСР 706-177
Tetracene
CmvmNm. С	12.8 NH	мн Н	4.3	•	А , , с-кн-кн-к» н-с К	74.4	1	\ „ КН-	нн-нн-ко О	8.5	2 C/H Ratio 0.068	Molecular Weight: (CgHgNloO)	188
	^hrygea Boleace. CO, %	.60 CO %	.43
	Density: gm/cc At 3000 pel	1.05
	Melting Bolat: ’C Explodes	140-160
	Pieeeieg Peksh *C
bnpoct SiMiNvky, 1 Kg Wh Bureau of Mines Apparatus, cm	7 Sample Wt 20 mg Picotinny Arsenal Apparatus, in. 2; (8 az vt) 8 Sample Wt, mg	
	Reflective Index, n» n£ l£
MsHoa Poedninm Test; Steel Shoe Fiber Shoe	Vicmm StoMSly Tests cc/40 Hrs, ot WC 100’C 120’C 135’C 150’C
Rifle BaNet Impest Test: Trials % Estonians rUrTtOI* Burned Unaffected	
	MO Gram Bemb Seed Test: Sn&^cvder fuse 4,0
lepiseiee Teaiperotuse.	C Seconds, 0.1 (no cop used) 1 5	160 10 15 20	•	ImM^Uar eMBwVTWy	BBBOVBVVe^MBe Minimum Detonating Chorge, gm Mercury Fulminate	0.40 Load Azide Tetryl
	BoHietic Mortar, % THT:
	Trmal Teet, % TNT:	(e)	61
75’C letsmetieael Meet Test: % Lass in 48 Hrs	0.5	
	Plots Doot Test: Method Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
100’C Heat Tech % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs	23.2 % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs	3. 4 Explosion in 100 Hrs	None	
	Confinement Condition Chorge biometer, in. Density, gm/cc Rote, meters/socond
ЛоемпоЬМИу lodes:	
Hygroscopicity: % 30°C, 90$ RH	0.77	
xo a -«ч- ▼ФЮТвМу*	
324
Tetracene
AMCP 706-177
РмфяиМвИоо Tm9s	Shaped Charge IHsdhssf, TNT = 100:	
W sass HI, M71 PrajesMa, Let WC-91: Density, gm/cc Chorga Wt, Ib	Glat* Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hob Depth	
Total He. af Ftagmoab: For TNT For Subject HE 1 ieth HI. M42A1 PmjecMe, Let KC-J: Density, gm/cc ChorgeWt, Ib	Color:	pale yellov	
	Pitadpel Ihoet Priming compositions and detonators	
Total No. af FragmoaH: For TNT For Subject HE	Method of Leedbg:	Pressed
	Leedbg Bsaslfri gm/cc	
Fi nf—t ValecHy: ft/sec At 9 ft At 2ЭД ft Density, gm/cc	At ЭООО pel	1.05
	rVWWiOQ	Vet
loot (Melbeta TNT):	Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance)	Class 9
Abt Peek P.essure Impuhe Energy	Compatibility Group Exudation	Group M
Air, Caafieed: Impube Uader Water: Peek Pressure Impube	Solubility:	
	Practically insoluble in water, alcohol, acetone, ether, benzene, carbontetrachloride or ethylenedichloride. Sensitivity to Electrostatic Discharge, Joules:	(b)	
btergy Peek Pressure Impulse Energy	Unconfined Confined Heat of; Explosion, cal/gm Gas Volume, cc/gm Initiating Efficiency:	0.010 0.012 658 1190
	Tetracene is not efficient in initiating high explosives.	
325
АМСР 706-177
Tetracene
Preparation;
(Rinkenbach and Burton, Лицу Ordnance 12, 120 (1931))-
Tetracene ie prepared by dissolving 5 вяв of emlnoguanidlne dinitrate in 30 cc of voter,
cooling to 0°C and nixing vith a solution of 2.5 gms of sodium nitrate in 15 cc of water. The
temperature is maintained at about 10°C and C.5 gm of acetic acid ia added. The tetracene
separates out and is washed with water, alcohol and ether. It is then dried.
Tetracene may also be prepared by placing aminoguanidine sulphate and sodium nitrite in a
large beaker and adding water her ed to J0°C. The heat of reaction causes the mixture to boll;
after standing for two or three hours the separated tetracene is filtered off, washed thoroughly
and dried.
Origin:
Tetracene was first prepared in 1910 by Hofflnan and Roth (Ber 4j, 682) who also studied its
chMdcal reactions and determined its structure (Hoffman et al, Ber 43, 1067, 1866 (1910); Ber
44, 2496 (1911); and Ann 380, 131 (19H)). W. H. Rinkenbach and 0. Si-ton made an extensive
sTudy of tetracene and described Its manufacture and explosive properties (Army Ordnance 12,
120 (1931)).
Destruction by Chemical Decomposition:
Tetracene is decomposed by adding it to boiling water and continuing boiling for some tine
to insure complete decomposition.
References;70
(a)	D. P. MacDougall, Methods of Physical Testing, OSRD Report No. 803, 11 August 1942.
L. C. Smith and E. G. Eyeter, Physical Testing of Explosives. Partlll - Miscellaneous
Sensitivity Tests; Performance Tests, OSRD Report No. 57^, 27 December 1945-
(b)	F. V. Brown, D. H. Kusler and F. C. Glbsoq, Sensitivity of Explosiyesto initiation
by KLectroatatic Discharges, U. S. Dept of Int, Bureau of Mines, RI 3852, 19*‘6<
(c) Also see the following Plcatlnny Arsenal Technical Reports on Tetracene:	
0	1	2	4	7	8	2
1450	11	453	1104	407	318	859
	2164	2179
7^See footnote I, page 10.
328
Tetranltrocarbazole (ТИС)
АМСР 706-177
	Molecular Weight: (C^^BjOg)	3*»7
*	O_N	Н	NO с *:.6 Н 1.4 Г Т	1	1	Oxygen Balance: CO- %	-85 CO %	.30
°2N "к J	О И°2 В 20.0	Density: gm/cc
0	37.0 C/H Ratio 1.032	Melting Point: °C Pure 1,3,6,8-lsomer 296
	Fro wing Point: *C
Impact Sensitivity, 2 Kg Wt: Buraou of Mint» Apparatus, cm	100+ Sampte Wt 20 mg Pkatinny Arsenal Apparatus, in.	18 Sampte Wt, mg	14	Boiling Paint: *C
	Refractive Index, n° l£
Friction Pendulum Test: Steel Shoe	Unaffected Fiber Shoe	Unaffected	Vacuum StebiBty Test: cc/40 Hrs, ot 90'C 100°C	0.2 120*C	0.2 I35*C 150’C
Bifte Bultet Impost Teet: Triols % Explosions Partials	
Burned Unaffected	200 Gram Bomb Saud Tost: Sand, gm	41.3
Ixpteetee Teeverehwe:	*C Secono, 0.1 (no cap used) 3 IX composes	1*70 10	»	tnS--te_-	e	-t	 O^wBurTWy W iHWu^ravOBB» Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide	0.20 Tetryl	0.25
20	Ballistic Mortar, % TNT:
	Trend Test, % TNT:
75’C letenMmoee: Heat Test: % Loss in 48 Hrs	
	Plate Dant Toot: Method
WO'C Heat Test: % Lou, 1st 48 Hrs	0.15 |	% Los*, 2nd 48 Hrs	0.05 Explosion in 100 Hrs	Bone	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
1	e^oA. Confinement Condition Charge Diameter, in. Density, gm/cc Rote, meters/sacond
<к^1вмямЫ1йу	
Hygroscopicity: % 30°C, 90$ RH	0.01	
Volatility:	
327
АМСР 706-177
TetrenitrocarbecoJe (Pic)
Ftogmoaesttae Test:	Shaped Chorge Effeetiveaesa, TNT:	= 1W>
N мм М, МП МмМ«, Lm Wfr«lt Density, gm/cc Chorge Wt, lb	Glc* Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume LJjJ* Retell пою uopvn	
ToBol MOb OJ FfOJBHOeBJ ForTNT For Subject HE S tach HA M43A1 Piijsctita, Let KC4: Density, gm/cc Chorge Wt, tb	Celon	Light yellow
	Principal Uses: Coqponent of igniter end pyrotechnic co^osltione	
Total No. of МдммМг ForTNT For Subject HE	Moihorf off ЬмЛкф	Pressed
	Leading Denrify: gm/cc	
FrogMoat Vetaefty: ft/sec At» ft At2S%ft Density, gm/cc		
	Method	Dry
Meat Utatalbe to TNT):	Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance)	Class 9
Ain Pooh Pressure Impute Energy	Compatibility Grog: Exudation	
Abp СмЛмА Impute Under Wetan Peak Pressure Impute Ьмгду Peak Press'jre Impute Energy	Solubility in Water, gm/100 go Щ, st;	
	95°C Qualitative Solubilities; Solvent Nitrobenzene Acetone Benzene Chloroforo Carbontetrachlorlde Ether Ether, pet-roleun	0.10 Solubility Very soluble Soluble Insoluble Insoluble Insoluble Insoluble Insoluble
328
Tetranitrocarbazole (ДС)
AMCP 706-177
Preparation;
Sulfonation; Fifty-elx gms of carbazole is dissolved in 320 gms of HgSOv (966, specific
gravity 1.81). ihe solution is agitated during the addition of the carbazole and the tempera-
ture maintained at 25°-33°C. After the addition of the carbazole is completed, the agitation
is continued and solution completed by raising the tesperature to 80°-85°C and maintaining
this temperature for one hour. Де sulphate is now cooled to 20°C.
Witration; ihe sulfonate solution is slowly added to 168 gms of HHOq (Plant grade specific
gravity 1.525 at 15°C) salntalning the temperature at 30° to 50°C. (Tina required - 1 hour 25
minutes). Ihe te^erature is then gradually raised to 70° to 75°C and nndntalned for one hour
after which the temperature is raised to 85° to 90°C and held for one hour, then lowered to
room t04>exature before drowning.
Drowning; The nitration mixture is drowned by pouring it into 2 to 3 volumes of ice and
water.
Filtering; The separated light yellov product Is filtered on s Buchner Funnel end washed
with water twice to remove most of the acid.
Purification; The ДС is placed In hot water (95° to 100’c) and boiled for five to ten
minutes with rapid agitation, allowed to settle then filtered and washed once. This proce-
dure Is repeated twice, making a total of three ''boilings.” The final wash is acid free.
Drying: The TWC is spread in a thin layer and dried at 100° to 110°C for four hours.
Yield; 73-3*.
Melting Point of ДС as prepared: 28o°C (compares to 296°C for pure 1,3,6,8-lsooer in pre-
ceding 8ata).
Origin;
The preparation of Те tranl trocarbar. ole (BiC) was first reported in 1880 by C. Graebe (Ann
202, 26 (1880» who nitrated carbazole with 9b£ nitric acid. Similar procedures were followed
by R. Escalee (Ber 37 , 359t> (190b))and P. Zierch (Ber 12, 3000 i9O9U However, G. L. Ciami-
cian and P. P. Silber observed the formation of four isomeric ТИС в when acetyl carbazole van
treated with fuming nitric acid (Gazz chim ital 12, 272 1882)1 In 1912 and 1913 patents were
Issued to the dyestuff manufacturer, Casella and Company, covering the preparation of polynl-
trocarbazoles (German Patent 268,173 and French Patent 164,538). The Casella process of
:й>9
AMCP 706-177
Tetranitrocarbazole (INC)
preparing polynltrocarbazoles by dissolving carbazole In sulfuric acid and treating the solu-
tion of sulfonic adds vith strong nitrating agents is essentially the process used today in
the United States. The crude product, thus prepared, contains principally 1,3,6,8-TNC (W.
Boreche and B. G. B. Scholten Ber 50, 596 (1917) and about 10^ of the 1,2,6,8-ПГС isomer
(D. B. Murphy et al J Am Chem Soc 7%*, 1*289 (1953)- TNC was used in explosives by the Germans
during World Whr II.
References;71
(a)	D. B. Mirphy, F. R. Schvartr, J. P. Picard-and J. V. R. Kauftaan, "Identification of
Isomers Formed in the Nitration of Carbazole,'' J Am Chem Soc, 75, 1*289-1(291 (1953).
(b)	S. Livingston, Preparation of Tetrad trocsrbazole, PA Chemical Research laboratory
Report No. 136,330, 11 April 1951.
(c)	D. Br. Murphy et al, Long Range Basic Technical Research Leading to the Development of
Improved Ignition Type Powders - The Chemistry of Tetranitrocarbazole, pA Memorandum Report
No. 22, 2 September 1952-
(d)	S. Livingston, Development of Improved Ignition Type Powders, PATH No. 2267, July I956.
(e)	Also see the following Picatinny Arsenal Technical Reports on Tetranitrocarbazole:
0	2	7
2180	1802	1973	V.81*	161*7
1937
7^ee footnote 1, per/. 1C.
330
2,U,2’ ,4’ -Tetrar.itro-oxanillde (TWO)
AMCP 706-177
<v	0	0	Molecular Weight: (С^НдЯдО^)	U20
*	II c l»0.0	c	 H 1.9	f	f	Oxygen Boleace: CO- %	-84 CO %	-31
Я 20.0	Г	I Г 1 2	Density: gm/cc
0 38,1	Melting Point: °C	Decoapoaea	313
C/H Ratio 0.735	«°2	N^2	Freezing Point: °C
Inject Smteitivity, 2 Kg Wt: Buraou of Mina* Apparatus, cm Sample Wt 20 mg Picotinny Arsenal Apparatus, in.	30 Sample Wt, mg	11	Boiling Point: °C
	Refractive Index, ria n.° nS,
 nCTW®	1 w^a * Steel Shoe	Unaffected Fiber Shoe	Unaffected	Vacuum Stability Test: cc/40 Hrs, at 90*C 100°C 120’C	0.11 135*C 150°C
Rifle •Het Impact Teat: Triols % Explosions Partials	
Burned Unaffected	200 Gram Bomb Send Test: Sand, gm	1& 3
Explesioa Temperature:	°C Seconds, 0.1 (no cop used) 1 5	392 10 1C	Sensitivity to Initiation: Minimum Detonating Chorge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide	0.20 Tetryl	0.25
1 9 20	Ballistic Mortar, % THT:
	Trauzl Tost, % TNT:
7S*C iateraoMaaai Hoot Test: % Loss in 48 Hrs	
	Plete Deel Teet: Method
100*C Hoot Tost: % Loss, 1st 48 Hr*	0.07 % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs	0.00 Explosion in 100 Hrs	None	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
	Detonation Rote: Confinement Condition Charge Diometer, in. Density, gm/cc Rote, meters/second
Flammability Index:	
Hygroscopicity: % 30°C, 90% HH	Trace	
Volatility:	
331
АМСР 706-177
2,U,c',lt,-Tetxmnitro-oxanlllde (СТО)
AmgMSOtoNsm Test:	Shape! Charge IHnlhseMS, TNT = IM:	
М ама HI, М71 Nojectita. Lot WC-T1: C jnsity, gm/cc Charge Wt, ib	Glass Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth	
Total No. of FrogoMafz: ForTNT For Subject HE > tech HI, M42A1 PmjscMs, Lot KC-9: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, Ib	Cohn	Light yellow	
	Prtadpel Usm: Component of block powder type end pyrotechnic соц>оа1Ь1опа	
1 VW	w ^W^M^BWIVa ForTNT For Sub. oct HE	Method ef Loadtap: Pressed end extruded compositions	
	Loadtap Deeeily: gm/cc	
Fregmaat Vetacfty: ft/sec At 9 ft At 254 ft Density, gm/cc		
	Method	Dry
Btast(tabtiveteTNT):	Hazard Class (Qiantity-Distance)	Claes 9
Ain Peak Pressure Impute biergy	Compatibility Group Exudation	
Mt, Caeftaod: Impute Under Wafer: Peak Pressure Impute Energy Peak Pressure Impute biergy	Solubility, gm/100 cc Solvent,	in:
	water Nitrobenzene Qualitative Solubilities: Solvent Ethyl alcohol Benzene Butyl acetate Oarbon tetra chloride Ethyl ether Acetic ecld Nitric acid Caustic potash Dimethyl formamide	V 1 100 <0.10 150 >15 Solubility Insoluble Insoluble Insoluble Insoluble Insoluble Soluble Soluble Soluble Very soluble
:«2
2Л,2',У-Tetranitro-oxanllide (СТО)
AMCP 706-177
Method of Preparation;
♦2H20
Oxanllide:
Two parte of oxalic add are nixed with one part of aniline in a round bottom Паек. The
mixture ie stirred and heated until the reaction ie complete aa evidenced by the cessation of
effervescence. The паев ie cooled to roan temperature, poured into several vcluoee of water
(21°-2U°c), filtered on a Bilchner funnel and washed free of oxalic add vith water and then
washed free of aniline vith acetone. The oxanllide is air dried to remove the acetone and
then dried at 100°-110°C.
Tetranitro-oxanllide (MO):
A 5 liter round bottom flask ie equipped vith a stirrer of a type vhich vll? produce a
downward "svirl." The flask is surrounded with a water Jacket for hot and cold water. Fif-
teen hundred gratae (1.5 kilograms) of 96% plant grade nitric acid is placed into the flask.
Five hundred (500) grams of oxanllide is slowly added to the acid under rapid agitrtion while
the temperature is mainteined below kO°C. After the addition of the oxanllide is completed
(2^-j hrs), the agitation is continued 10-15 minutes. The temperature is then raised to 8O°C
ever a period of опз hour and maintained at 8o°-85°C for 3 hours. The acid slurry is then
cooled to room temperature and drowned by pouring ever cracked ice. The product is filtered
on a Buchner funnel and washed vith water until it is almost acid free. The filter cake is
placed in a beaker and sufficient water added to fora a "slurry." Live steam is run into the
"slurry" under agitation for 10 minutes. The slurry is filtered and the residue washed. The
latter treatment of the "slurry" is repeated until the wash water is found to be neutral to
АМСР 706-177
2,U,2',U'.T»tranitro-oxanllide (TWOj
litmus paper- The TNO la washed with alcohol, then acetone, air dried and finally dried at
100°-110°C.
Yield - 90^ to 97-5^ of theoretical.
Origin;
A. G. Perkin in 1892 obtained tetranitro-oxanilide directly by heating a solution of finely
powdered oxanilide in nitric acid. He also obtained the earn compound by the action of a
cooled mixture of nitric and eulfUric acids on oxanilide and precipitating the product by
pouring the solution into water (j Chem Soc 61, 460 (1892).
References;72
(a)	S. Livingston, Development of Improved Ignition Type Powders, PAIR Ho. 226?, July 1956
(b)	D. Dubrow and J, Kristal, Substitution of Tetranitro Oxanilide and Hexanitro Oxanilide
f^Tetranitro Carbazole, PA Pyrotechnic Research laboratory Report 5^-TF 1-88, 2d becember
^See footnote 1, page 10.
334
АМСР 706-177
Tetryl
СмчмеЖм			Molecular Weight: (CjHjNjOg)	287
С 29-3 н 1-7	02К	HjC—N —	"°2 YN02	Oxypea Beleace: CO- % CO %	-7*7 4 - 8
N 2U.1*			Density: gm/cc	Crystal	1-73
0 1*4.6	M02		Motting Point: *C	130
C/H Ratio 0.1*20			Fraosinp Point: *C	
Impact Sensitivity, 2 Kg Wt: Bi-roou of Mines Apparatus, Sample Wt 20 mg Picotinny Arsenal Apparatu Sample Wt, mg		26	BeMag Point: *C	
	S, in.	8 18	Refractive Index, n° ni nS,	
Friction Pondulam Teet: Steel Shoe Fiber Shoe		Crackles Unaffected	Vacuum Stability Test: cc/40 Hr«. at 90-C 100’C 120’C 135*C 150’C	0.3 1.0 11+
Rifle Ballet Impact Test: Trials % Explosions	13 Partials	54				
Burned Unaffected	10 23		200 Gram Bomb Sand Test: Sand, gm	54.2
Fwplesiee Temperature: Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) 1 5 Ignites 10 ]5	•c 340 31b 257 238 94A		Sensitivity to InMetion: Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide »Alt«TiJ^lve initiating chargee.	0.20» 0.10*
20	231*		Ballistic Mortar, % TNT: (a)	130
			Travel Tost, % TNT:	(b)	125
75°C International fleet Teet: % Loss in 48 Hrs				
		0.01	Plate Doot Test:	(c) Method	A	В
1W: Heat Teet: % toss, 1st 48 Hrs % Less, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion in ICO Hrs		0.1 0.0 None	Condition	Pressed	Pressed Confined	Yes	No Density, gm/cc	1-50	1.59	1<3б Brisance, % TNT	116	115	96	
			Detonation Reto: Confinement Condition Chorge Diometer, in.	
Flammability Index:		241*		None Pressed 1.0
Hygroscopicity: % on°C; go^ jqj		0.01*		
Volatility:	25°C		0.00	Density, gm/cc Rote, meters/second	1-71 7650
335
AMCP 706-177
tetryl
ID^WVW ЛИ^яТтНу 1 VOv* Condition Tetryl, gm Wox, In. for 50% Detonation Wox, gm Density, gm/cc	(a) Preseed 100 2.01 1.58	Decomposition Iquetien:	(g)	(h) Oxygen, atoms/мс	1015'4	IO12'9 (Z/soc) Moot, kilocolorie/mole	38.U	JU.9 (AH, kcal/mol) Temperature Range, °C	211-260 132-16U Phase	Liquid	Liquid
Hoot of: Combustion, cal/gm Explosion, cal/gm Gas Volume, c:/gm Formation, cal/gm Fusion, cal/gm _	(e) Temperature, C	2925 1080-1130 ТбО -11» 22.2 127	Aimer Mate Impact Test: M asm Matter Projectile: 50% Inert, Velocity, ft/sec Aluminum Fineness SOO-W General Perpose Bombs:
Spo^fk Heat: col/gm/°C -100 - 50 0 50 100	(e) 0.182 0.200 0.212 0.223 O.236	Plots Thickness, inches 1 V,4 1Ц.
Berning Mie:		
cm/sec		Bomb Drop Test:
Thermal Ceedesllill>: ( ?) , col/soc/cm/’C 5-81 x 10"? 6.63 x 10	at 1.391* gm/cc at 1.528 gm/cc	T7, 2000-» Ssml Armor Horcing Bomb vs Concrete:
СмНШм! ef KK^Mstoss Linear, %/°C		Max Safe Drop, ft SOO-» General Purport bomb V» Concrete:
Volume, %/°C		Height, ft Trials Unaffected
Hardness, Mobs' Scale:		
MbedvhM* E', dynes/cm’ E, Ib/inch’ Density, gm/ic		Low Order High Order 1000-» General Perpose Bomb vs Concrete: Height, ft Triols Unaffocteo
Compressive Strength; Ib/inch’		
Vapor Pressure: ’C	mm Mercury		Low Order High Order
		
336
АМСР 706-177
^ir^i^ioa^iae^iti^i^s ITest *
99 она Hl. М71 Pia|octih, Lal WC-91:
Density, gm/cc	I.58
Charge Wt, Ib	2.052
Totol Na. ef Frepmaets:
ForTNT	703
For Subject HE	864
3 inch Ht, M42A1 Projectile, Let KC-S:
Density, gm/cc	1.62
Chorge Wt. lb	0.848
Total Na. ef FrogaauM:
ForTNT	514
• For Subject HE	605
Shaped Charge tffecthreaees, TNT = 100:
Gloss Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth	Steel Cones
Cefor:	Light yellov
Principal Uses: Boosters; ingredient of explo-
sive mixtures, detonators, and
blasting caps
Method ef Leodiag:	Pressed
Leodiag Density: gm/cc See belov
Fn|a>i»t Vebdty: ft/sec
At 9 ft
At 2514 ft
Density, gm/cc

Bloat (Mathre to TNT):
Ahn
Peek Pressure
Impulse
Energy
Air, Caafiaad:
Impulse
Under Water:
Peak Pressure
Impulse
Energy
Uadetgrooad:
Peak Pressure
Impulse
Energy
Method		Dr-
Hazard Class (Qiantity-Distance)		Class 9
Compatibility Group		Group L
Exudoti'in	Does	1 not <	exude at 65°C
Loading Density: gm/cc		
Cast 1.62 Pressed	psi X	103
0	3	5	10	12	15	20
0-9	1-40	1.47	1-57	1.60	1.63 l-6r
30		
1.71		
Effect of Temperature on		(j)
Rate of Detonation:		
]6 hra at, °C	-54	21
Density, gm/cc	1.52	1-53
Rate, m/aec	7150	7170
АМСР 706-177
Tetryl
Preparation;
(Manufacture of Tetryl by Dlnitromonomethylanillae Process, Wannamaker Chemical Cc ., Inc.)
C/-H(NO)C1 + CH.SH, + NaOH — СЛМНО '+ NaCl ♦ H,0
©322	32	0322	3	2
C6H3(NO2)2-NH-CH3 ♦ 2HNO3x^
O2N_jX^\^ N02
I J ♦ 2H20
no2
To a solution of 202.5 gm dinitrochlorbenzene in 200 cc benzene, at 75°C with good agita-
tion, in 15 to 20 minutes, add 112 gm of 30% aqueous monomethylsmine- Then add 129 gm of 31%
aqueous sodium hydroxide, in 15 to 20 minutes, at such a rate as to cause refluxing; continue
agitation for 3 hours at 70°C. The mixture is concentrated to a liquid temperature of 101°-
102°C, cooled, filtered and the precipitate washed with distilled watei until the washings
give no test with silver nitrate, dried at 60°C (melting point 167.2°c)
The dlnitrcoethylanlline is nitrated to tetryl by solution of it in &8% sulfuric add (197
gm nitroanlline/1190 gm sulfuric) at 25°C, followed by addition of nitric add. The process
is carried out so that the water content remains at 16%. Solution (per 197 gm nltroanlline)
requires $ to 10 minutes, nitration, by addition of the aulfuric add solution to nitric acid,
about 1 hour at 30°C, plus U8 minutes at 50° to 55°C st the end. The mixture is then cooled
to 20°C and filtered. The tetryl is dumped into 1 liter water, washed 2 or 3 times with 200
cc cola water, and then stirred 10 to 15 minutes at 50°C with 500 cc water, filtered warm aH
then washed with water until the washings are neutral to metlr-1 orange. The tetryl dried to
constant weight at 70°C weighs about 270 gm.
Tetryl filtered from an acid containing 87% sulfuric acid (or more) -13% water, at l»0oC
(or over) may fire in 30 minutes to 1 hour and 30 minutes, if not drowned in water. A safe
nitration procedure, even on plant scale involves:
1.	The concentration of sulfuric in the opent acid is maintained at a lov level (approx
80/1.6/18.2 sulfurlc/nitrlc/water)•
2.	Nitration maximum temperature is 50°C.
3.	The slurry is cooled to 35°C before filtration.
U. Filtration time prior to drowning, is minimized (15 minutes maximum).
The crude tetryl produced is recrystallized to remove impurit : and occluJed acid and to
control its granulation.
338
AMCP 706-177
Sensitivity of tetryl electrostatic diecharge, Joules; through 100 mesh; (1)
Unccnflned	0.007
Confined	4.4
Solubility of tetryl, grana In 100 grana (£) of;
Water	Carbon	tetra chlor: de	Ether	95^ Alcohol
2c	i				°C	J
0	0.0050	0	0.007	0	0.188	0	0.320
20	0.0075	20	0.015	10	0.330	10	0.425
40	0.0110	40	0.058	20	0.418	20	О.563
80	0.0810	60	0.154	30	0.493	30	0.76
100	0.184				50	1.72
				75	5-33
Chloroforrs	Carbon disulfide	Ethylene dl chloride			Acetone
°C	°C	i 2s	i	2c	i
0	0.28	0	0.009	25	4-5	20	75
20	0.39	10	0.015	75	45	30	95
40	1.20	20	0.021		40 *	116
60	2.65	30	0.030		50	138
Tri chloroethylene	Ethyl ace^1	’te	Benzene	Toluene
	°C	1	°c	1	°C
0	0.07	20	~40	20	7.8	20	8.5
20	0.12		30	10.0	
40	0.26		40	12.5	
60	0.67		50	16.0	
80	1.50				
86	I.76				
20
30
40
50
3-3
4.4
5-4
6.0
TOT
°C	<
80	82
100	149
120	645
Origin;
Tetryl was first described In 1879 by Michler and Meyer (Ber 12, 1792), van Rotnburgh and
Martens studied Its properties and proved Its structure (Rec trav chlr. 2, 108 (1883); 6, 215
(1887); and Ber 19, 2126 (1886)). Tetryl was not used as an explosive until World War-I.
339
АМСР 706-177
Tetryl
Destruction by Chemical Decomposition:
Tetryl is decomposed by dissolving in 12 times its weight of a solution prepared from 1
part by weight of sodium sulfite (NagSOy THgO) in 4 parts vote?. The sulfite solution may
be heated to 8o°C to facilitate decomposition of the Tetryl.
References:73
(a)	L. C. Smith and E. G. Eyater, Physical Testing of Explosives, Pert III - Miscellaneous
Sensitivity Tests; Performance Tests, OSRD Report No. 57^6, 27 December 1945-
(b)	Ph Naoum, Z gee Schiess-—Sprengstoffw, pp. 181, 229, 267 (27 June 1932)
(c)	D. P. MacDougall, Methods of Physical Testing, OSRD Report No. 803, H August 1942.
(d)	L. C. Smith and S. R. Walton, A Consideration of RDX/WSx Mixtures as e Substitute for
Tetryl in Boosters, NOL Memo 10,303, 15 June 1949.
(e)	C. A. Taylor and Wm. H. Rinkenbach, "The Solubility of Trinitro-PhenyImethy1-N1tram!ne
(Tetryl) in Organic Solvents," J Am Chem Stc Ug, (1923) P- 10b.
(f)	E. Hutchinson, The The-ral Sensitiveness of Explosives. The Thermal Conductivity of
"xplosive Materials, AC Й061, First Report, August 1942.
(g)	R. J. Finkelstein snd G. Gamov, Theory of the Detonation Process, NAVORD Report No.
90-46, 20 April 1947.
(h)	M. A. Cook and M. T. Abegg, "Isothermal Decomposition of Explosives," University of
Utah, Ind Eng Chem 1090-1095 (June 1956).
(i)	J. W. Brown, D. H. Easier and F. C. Gibson, Sensitivity of Explosivesto Initiation
by Electrostatic Discharges, u. S. Dept of Int, Bureau of Mines, RI 385^, 1946.
(j)	W. F. McGarry and T. W. Stevens, Detonation Rates of t',e More Important Military
Explosives at Several Different Temperatures, PAIR ко. &3B3, November 19*6.
(k) Also see the following Picatinny Arseni 1 Technical Reports on Tetryl:
0	1	*2	2	4	2	6	7	4/	9
30	11	132	453	84	65	266	117	28	129
600	361	582	493	144	195	•556	197	438	179
no	381	832	623	294	425	786	637	628	319
810	621	882	£33	314	525	986	707	708	609
1180	861	1192	863	694	565	1086	807	788	709
1290	1041	1352	1113	774	625	1126	837	838	849
1350	1131	1372	1373	784	635	1316	857	1418	999
1360	1261	1402	2053	874	845	1376	1C4?	1788	1029
1400	133-2	1452	2163	904	925	1416	1137	1828	1209
1450 1500 1510 1677	1431 1471 1611 1651	1592	2233	1134 116’ 1234 1264 2C2U 2201	1145 1285 1405 15&“ 1885 1935 2105 2125	1446 1466 1556 1636 1956	1287 1337 1367 1437 1737 1797 1937	1838	1379 1429 1489 1819 1969
2205
3See *ootnote ), oage 10.
:14<»
Те try to1, 6c,-2O
AMCP 706-177
СеаарееЖеа: * Tetryl	8о тат	го C/H Ratio	Molecular Weight:	2Tb
	Oxygea Balance: CO- %	-52 CO %	-11
	Density: gm/cc	Cast	1.51
	Melting Paint: *C	68
	Freexing Point: *C
Impact SeweMvity, 2 Kg Wt: Bureau of Minas Apparatus, cm	26 Sample Wt 20 mg Picatinny Arsenal Apparatus, in.	9 Sample Wt, mg	17	Bailing Feint: *C
	Refractive Index, n» nS n?,
А*—T^rnAa Steel Shoe Fiber Shoe	Vacuum Stability Test: cc/40 Hrs, at 90’C 100’C	3.0 120’C	11+ 135’C I5O*C
ШЯе BaNot Impact Test: Trials % Explosions	0 Partials	20 Burned	0 Unaffected	80	
	200 Grom Bomb Send Test: Sand, gm	54.0
Ixpfaiisn TeaapzreCere:	'C Seconds, 0.1 (nc cap used) 1 5 Ignites	290 10 15 20	SeniltMty te InM^San: Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate	0.22* Lead Azide	0.17* ♦AltelfiPt'ive initiating chargee.
	Ballistic Mortar, % TNT:
	Treed Test. % TNT:
7S*C Intemetieriel Hoof Test: % Loss in 48 Hrs	
	Plate Dent Tast: Method Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT Dutonetion Rato: Confinement Conoition Charge Diometer, in. Density, gm/cc Rate, meters/second
100‘C Heat Test: % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs	0.1 % IjOss, 2nd 48 Hrs	0.5 Explosion in 100 Hrs	None	
Flammability Index: Will not continue to burn	
Hygroscopicity: %	0.02	
VoJaHlity;	
;н1
АМСР 706-177
Tetrytol, 8o/2O
	Shaped Charge lifocHvoMV, TNT = 100:
M пмп HI. M7' PtelecHte, Lot WC-91:	Gloss Cones Steel Cones
Density, gm/cc Che go Wt, lb	Hole Volume Hole Depth
Total No. of Fragments:	Colon	Light у allow to buff
For TNT For Subject HE	Principal Utee: Bursters, demolition blocks
3 tech HI. M42A1 PraHctite. Let KC-S:
Density, gm/cc
Chorge Wt, lb
	
Tstel No. of Fragments: For TNT For Subject HE	s*-«s - -A J 1 m—ЛЗ	 W tes^^^^^Va^M 0 loading Daneity: gm/cc
Fragment Votecity: h/sec
At 9 ft At 2ЭД ft Density, gm/cc	$t*f*0t* Method	Dry
test (kotethre to TNT):	Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance)	Class 9
Ain	Compatibility Group	Grotrp I
Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	Exudation	Exudes st 65°C
Air, Confinod:
Impulse
Under Water:
Peak Pressure
Impulse
Energy
Underground:
Peak Pressure
Impulse
Energy
:142
Te.rytol, 75/2$
АМСР 706-177
CeeaperiHea: at		Molecular Weight:		270
Tetryl 1NT	75 25	Oxygea Balance: CO, % CO %		-5* -12
		Density: gm/cc	Cast	1-59
		Melting Point: °C		68
C/H Rotio		Freezing Point: *C		
bapeet Sensitivity, 2 Kg Wt: Bureau of Mines Apparatus, cm Sample Wt 20 mg Picatinny Arsenol Apparatus, in. Sample Wt, mg		Boiling Point: °C		
	10 17	Refractive Index, nJ, n.° nJ,		
FricHoa Pendulum Teet: Steel Shoe Fiber Shoe	Crackb Unaffected	Vocmtm Stability Toot: cc/40 Hrs, ot 90°C 100°C 120 °C 135°C I5O’C		3-0 11+
Rifle Bullet Impact Teet: Triols % Explosions	0 Portiols	30				
dur.sd	0 Unof /acted	70		200 Gram Bomb Saad Teet Sand, nm		53-7
lx, iesiea Teeeperetare:	“C : (- ends, 0 1 (no cop used) 1 5 Ignites	310 10 15 20		Sensitivity to Initiatiea: Minimum Detonating Chorge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide ♦Alternative initiating charges.		0.23» 0.19*
		BellistK Mortar, % TNT:	(a)	122
		Truu.l Test, % TNT:		
7S'C IwtevaaHeaal Heat Teet: % Lou in 48 Hrs				
		Plate Deaf Teet: Method	(b) 3	В
100-C Heat Teet; % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion m 100 Hrs		Condition Confined Density. gm/cc Brisance, % TNT	Cast No l.tt 11"	Cast Yer 1.62 lli*
				
Fhmmebility ledei: Will not continue to burn		Detvnottea Bate: Confinement Condition Charge Diameter, in Density, gm/cc Rate, meten/second		None Cas’. 1.0
Hygroscopicity: %	0.03			
Volatility:				1.60 7385
АМСР 706-177
Tetrytol, 75/25
Prigssutitiia Teet:	Shaped Charge Iffectbrenoes, TNT =	100:
90 емп HI. M71 Ptejectila, Let WC-91: Density, gm/cc	1.39 Chorge Wt, <b	2.101	Gloss Cones Steel Cones (d) Hole Volume	127 Hole Depth	120	
Total Ne. ef Frepmeets: For TNT	703 For Subject HE	657 Э tech HI. M42A1 Projectile, let KC-S: Density, gm/cc	1.60 Chorge Wt, lb	O.8U5	Calen	Light yellow to buff	
	Principal Ueee: Bursters, demolition blocks	
Tetel Na. ef Fragaeeats: For TNT	511* For Subject HE	591	ef Leedlwj s	Oast
	Leading tteaeHy: gm/cc	1.59
FregaMat Velocity: ft/sec At 9 ft At 25ty ft Density, gm/cc		
	St*f*0te Method	Dry
Blaet (Motive U TNT): Ain Peek Pressure Impulse Energy	Hoxord Class (Quontity-Distonca) Compatibility Group Exudation	Class 9 r Group I Exudes at 65°C
Alt, Confined: Impulse Under Water: Peek Pressure	Eutectic Temperature, °C:	67-5
	gr Tetryl''lOO gm TNT 67.5°C Booster Sensitivity Test:	51-82 (c)
Impulse Energy UedergrewH: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	Condition Tetryl, gm Wax, in. for 50$ Detonation Density, gm/cc	Cast 100 1.65 1.66
344
Tetrytol, 7О/ЗО
AMCP 706-177
% Tetryl	70 TNT	30 C/H Rotio	Melecelar Weight:	266
	Oxygea Beleace; CO- %	-55 CO %	-13
	Deasity: gm/cc	Cast	1.60
	Melting Point: *C	68
	Fieeslng Point: *C
Inject Sensitivity, 2 Kg Wt: Bureau of Mines Apparatus, cm	28 Sample Wt 20 mg Picotinny Arsenal Apparatus, in.	11 Sample Wt, mg	18	oiling Point: *C
	Hefrective Index, nJ Пи nj>
Frictiea Peadehim Teet; Steel Shoe	Unaffected Fiber Shoe	Unaffected	Veceern Stability Test: cc/40 Hrs, ot 90‘C 100’C	3-2 I2O’C	11+ 135‘C 150-C
Hifle leilet Ir :pect Test: Triols % Exp'osions	0 Partials	55 Burned	0 Unaffected	1*5	
	200 Great Bomb Saad Teet: Sand, gm	53" 2
Ixplesiea Temperature:	'C Seconds, 0.1 (no cop used) 1*16 1	387 5	Ignites	320 10	302 15	289 20	275	Ssasitivity to laiHetiea: Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate	0.23* Lead Azide	0.22* •AlteniSl'lve initiating charge*.
	Ballistic Matter, % TNT: (a)	120
	Tranxl Test, % TNT:
7S*C InteraaHeaal Meet Test: % Loss in 48 Hrs	
	Plate Dent Test:	(b) Method	В Condition	Cast Confined	Yea Density, gm/cc	1.60 Brisance, % TNT	117
100*C Heat Test: % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs	0.1 % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs	0.1 Explosion in 100 Hrs	None	
	DateaaHaa Rate: Confinement	None Condition	Coat Charge DinrnetSr,	in.	1.0 Density, gm/cc	1.60 Rote, meters/second	73'*O
FlammebUity Index: Will not continue to burn	
Hygroscopicity: %	0.02	
Volatility:	
:цг>
АМСР 706-177
Tetrytol, 70/30
Fragmentation Teet: М « HI. М71 Projectile, Let WC-91: Density, gm/cc	1.60 Charge Wt, lb	2.090 Total No. of Fragment»; For TNT	703 For Subject HE	81*0 3 inch HI. M43A1 Projectile, Lof KC-5: Density, gm/cc	l.oO Chorge Wt, lb	0.81*2 Tetel Ne. ef Fragments: For TNT	511* For Subject HE	5З5	Shaped Charge Iffectfvenom, TNT = 100: Glass Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Color:	Jght yellow to tuff
	Principal Uses:	Bursters, demolition blocks
	Method of Leading:	Cast
	Leading Density: gm/cc	1.60
Fragment Velocity: ft/sec At 9 ft At 25>4 ft Density, gm/cc	
	Storage: Method	Dry Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance)	Class	9 Compatibility Group	Croup	I Exudation	Exudes at 65°C
lest (Relative to TNT): Air: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Air, Confined: Impulse Under Water: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Underground: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	
	
;м<>
AMCP 706-177
Tetrytol, 65/35
% Tetryl	65 TNT	35 C/H Rotio	Molecular Weight:	264
	Oxygea Balance: CO, %	-56 CO %	-I1*
	Density: gm/cc	1.60
	Melting Point: °C	68
	Freezing Point: °C
Impact Sonsifivity, 2 Kg Wt: Bureou of Mines Apparatus, cm	23 Sample Wt 20 mg Picatinny Arsenoi Apparatus, in.	11 Sample Wt, mg	17	Boiling Point: °C
	Refractive Index, n, ni n°
Frictieo Penduhmi Test: Steel Shoe	Cracks Fiber Shoe	Unaffected	Vacuum Stability Teet: cc/40 Hrs, ot 90’C 100"C	2,8 120°C	11+ I35°C 150°C
Rifle Bullet Inspect Teet: Trials % Explosions	0 Partials	10 Burned	0 Unaffected	90	
	200 Grom Bomb Sand Teet: Sand, gm	52.6
Explosion Tomporetare:	°C Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) 1 5 Ignites	325 10 15 20	Sensitivity to Initiation: Minimum Detonatir,g Chorge, gm Mercury Fulminate	0-23* Lead Azide	0.23* *Alt^i*t!K!ive initiating chargee.
	Ballistic Mortar, % TNT:
	Trend Test, % TNT:
7S‘C Intbrnetioaol Meet Teet: % Loss in 48 Hrs	
	Piste Dent Test-. Method Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
100-C fleet Teet: % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion m 100 Hrs	
	Detanotiea Rato: Confinement	Kone Condition	Cast Chorge Diometer,	in.	1.0 Density gm/cc	j. 60 Rote, meters/second	7310
FlMmebiHty ledex: Will not continue to turn	
Hygroscopicity: %	0.02	
Volefflity:	
347
АМСР 706-177
Tetrytol, 65/35
М nun HI, М71 Projectile, Lot WC-91: Density, gm/cc	1.61 Charge Wt, lb	2-010 Tetel No. ef Fregmenti: ForTNT	T03 For Subject HE	856 3 Inch HI. M42A1 PtojocHh, Let KC-5: Density, gm/cc	1.60 Chorge Wt, Ib	0.845 Tetel No. ef FtogmeMe: ForTNT	51*» For Subject HE	585	Shaped Chorge IffectiveaoM, TNT = 100: (d)	(e) Glass Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume	133	126 Hole Depth	120	119
	Light yellow to buff
	Friecipel Uses: Bursters, demolltlor blocks
	MafrhaJ af LmJIm*	П»-*
	Loading Density: gm/cc	1.60
Fragment Velocity: ft/sec At 9 ft At 25% ft Density, gm/cc	
	Storegs: Method	Dry Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance)	Cisse	9 Compatibility Group	Group	1 Exudation	Exudes et 65°C
Blest (Motive to TNT): Ain Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Air, Confined: Impulse Under Weton Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Undetgraond: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	
	
348
АМСР 706-177
Tetrytol, 80/20, 75/25, 70/30, €5/33
Compatibility with Metale:
Dry: Copper, brass, aluminum, magnesium, stainless ateel, mild steel, mild steel coated
with add proof black paint and mild ateel plated vith copper, cadmium, zinc or nickel are
unaffected. Magneslum-aluminum alloy la slightly affected.
Wet; Stainless steel and mild steel coated vith acid-proof black paint are unaffected.
Copper, brass, aluminum, magnesium, magneslum-aluminum alloy, mild steel and mild steel plated
vith cadmium, copper, zinc or nickel are slightly affected.
Preparation:
Tetrytols a-e manufactured by heating UiT in a melting kettle, equipped with a stirrer,
until all the '£NT Is melted. The necessary amount oftetryl is added and heating and stirring
are continued. The temperature is allowed to drop from 100°C until the mixture is of maximum
viscosity suitable for pouring. Part of the tetryl dissolves iu THT forming a eutectic mix-
ture which contains 55 percent tetryl. This mixture freezes at 67.5°C.
Origin;
Tetrytols were developed during World War II. Hie 70/30 tetryl/lNT casteble mixture is
the most important in military applications.
References:
(s)	L. C. Smith ar- E. G. Jester, Physical Testing of Explosives, Part III, Miscellaneous
Sensitivity Tests, Performance Tests, OSRD Report No. 5*716, 27 December 1915-
(b)	D. P. MacDougall, Methods of Physical Testing, OSRD Report No. 803, 11 August 191-2.
(c)	L. C- Smith and S. R. Walton, A Consideration of RDX/wax Mixtures as a Substitute for
Tetryl in Boosters, N0L Memo 10,303, 15 June 1969.
(d)	Eastern laboratory, du Pont, Investigation of Cavity Effect, Sec III, Variation of
Cavity Effect with Explosive Cocposltion, NDRC Contract w67^-ORD-5723.
(e)	Eastern Laboratory, du Pont, Investigation of Cavity Effect, Final Report, Eastern
Lab, du Pont, 18 September 1913, NDRC Contract W-672-0RD->723.
(f) Also	see the following Picatlnny Arterial Technical					Reports on	Tetrytol
0	1	2	2	2	6	7	8	9
1260	1291	1372	1193	1285	1376	1177	1158	1379
1360	1311	1213	1325	1136	1737	1388	
1120	1151	13б3	1885	1166	1797	1838	
1500	1651	1193	2125	1506			
1530	1951						
I^See footnote I, page 10.
349
AMCP 706-177
TNT (Trinitrotoluene)
Сам peeitioa!			Molecular Weight: (CyH^N^Og)	227
C	37-0 H	2.2 0 N		— NO	Oxygea Belonce; CO: % CO %	-71» -25
2 N	13.5			Density: gm/cc	Crystal	1.65
0	U2-3			Melting Point: °C	91
C/H Ratio о.5**9	X02		Freexlng Point; °C	
Impact Sensitivity, 2 Kg Wt: Bureau of Mines Apparatus, 'ample Wt 20 mg Picatinny Arsenal Apparatus Sample Wt, mg		95-100 1U-15 17	Boiling Point: °C	
	, in.		Refractive Index, nJ,	a 8 T	1-51*30 1.671*2 1.717
Frictien Pendulum Teet: Steel Shoe F>ber Shoe	Unaffected Unaffected		Vacuum Stability Teet: cc/40 Hrs, ot 90 “C IOO°C I2O°C I35°C I5O°C	
Rifle Ballet Impact Teet:	Triols % Explosions	1* Partials	0				0.10 0.23 0.1*1* 0.65
Burned Unaffected	СГч О		200 Gram Bomb Send Teet: Sand, gm	1*8.0	^'5
Explosion Temperature: Seconds, 0.1 (no cop used) 1 5 Decomposes 10 15 20	•с 570 520 £75 1*65		Sensitivity to Initiation: Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide ♦Alternative initiating charges.	0.21** 0.27*
			Ballistic Mortar, % TNT:	Std	100
			Trauzl Tam. « TNT:	Std«?.00	
7S*C IntametioMl Heat Teet: % Loss in 48 Hrs				
		0.01	Plate Beat Test:	(a) Method	A	A	в
1WC Heat Teet: % Loss, 1 st 48 Hrs % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion in 100 Hrs		0.2 0.2 None	Condition	Cast Pi seed Confined	Yes	Yes Density, gm/cc	1.61	1.50 Brisance, % TNT	100	100	Cast No 1.61 100
			Detoaetioa Rate: Confinement	Unconfined Condition	Pressed Chorge Diometer, in.	1.0 Density, gm/cc	1. 56 Rote, meters/second	6825	
FlemmeMHty Index:	(Ъ)		100		Ur.confi ne< Cast 1.0
Hygroscopicity: %	30°C, 90$ RH		0.03		
Veietility:	30°C		Nil		1.56 661*0
изо
TNT (Trinitrotoluene)
АМСР 706-177
Booster Seemtivity Test:	(c) Condition	Pressed	Cast Tetryl, gm	100	100 Wax, in. for 50% Detonation 1*68	0.82 Wox. gm Density, g.n/cc	1-55	1.60	Decompesitioa Cquetior.:	12 2 Oxygen, otoms/sec	10	10х (Z/sec) Heat, kilocalorie/mole	3b. b	Ьз.Ь (AH, kcol/mol) Temperature Range, °C	275-ЗЮ	23b-277 Phase	Liquid	Liquid
Heat of:	(d) Combustion, cal/gm	3^20 Explosion, cal/gm	1080 Gas Voiume, cc/gm	730 Formation, col/gm	78.5 Fusion, col/gm а	22. 3b Temperature, “c	79	Armor Plale Impact Test: M mm Mortar Projectile:	( J ) 50% Inert, Velocity, ft/sec	>1100 Aluminum Fineness 500-k Generel Purpose Bombs:	( J ) Plate Thickness, inches Trials $ Inert 1	0 1*4	0 11,2	b	100 b	50
Specie Heel: col/gm/'C C o	0.309 20	0.328 50	0.353 80	0.37b	
Burning Rote: cm/sec	
	Bomb Drop Test: T7, 2090-lb Somi-Armer-Piercing Bomb vs Concrete: Max Safe Drop, ft	5000-6000 500-lb General Purpose Bomb vs Concrete: No Seal	Seal Height, ft	1,000	1-51000 Triol»	26	20 Unoffected	21	20 Low Order	2	0 High Order	0	0 ItKrO-lb General Purpose Bomb vs Concrete: No Seal	Seal Height, ft	5,000	5,000 Trials	21	26 Unaffected	16	22 • ow 0>Ler	0	0 High Order	3	b
Thermal Conductivity: col/sec/cm/’C	See next page. Coefficient of txpewsiea:	(b) Lineor, %/'C -b0° to 6C°C 5-b x 10*5	(b) -b0° to 60°C 6.7 x 10’' Volume, %/'C 27° to SO°C 16 x 10’5	(b) 16° to 70°C 26.3 x 10*5	(n)	
Hordnoss, Mobs'Scole: (e)	l.b	
You»'" Modulus:	(b) E’, uynes/cm2	5-^5 x 10 E, Ib/inch3	0.79 x 106 Density, gm/cc	161	
Compressive Strength: Ib/inch3	1330O-1L00O Density, gm/cc	1.62	
Vepor Pressure:	( r . ‘C	mm Mercury 80	0.042 65	0.053 90	0.067 95	0.065 100	0.106	
	
:J51
АМСР 706-177
TNT (Trinitrotoluene)
Fie,msiHetias Test:	I Skeftd Cberya IHoctbreaess. TNT = 100:
*0 MM HI. M71 Projectile, Let WC-01:		G»c_? Cones Steel Cones
pensity, gm/cc	1.60	Hi '• Volume	10l	100
tS«r-e Wt, lb	2.10A	Hole Depth	ИХ»	100
Tetel Ne. of Ftogmonta: For TNT Гог Subject HE	703	Color:	Light yellow
	763	
		Priodpot User. C-P bombs, ?E projectile#,
		
3 lech H£, M42A1 Ptojoctile, Let KC-S:	1.60	demolition chergis, depth charges, grenades, propellent compositions
Density; gm/cc		
Charge Wt, Ib	o.au	
Tetel Nje, ef Fregetttte:		Method ef Leading: 1- Cast
ForTNT For Subject HE	5b- jlk	2. Pressed
		Leodiag Density: gm/cc	See belov
Freqmeet Vetodty: ft/sec At 9 ft	W 2600	
		
Ap2S%ft	2У0	
•"density, gm/cc 1	'	1.58	Method	Dry
Vtast (Mothe to TNTh		Hazard Class i Quantity-Distance)	Cisse 9
Air.-		Compatibility Group	Group I
Peak Pressure	100	
Impulse	100	Exudation	None st 65°C
Energy	100	
Air, Ceefieec. Impulse		Loading Density; gm/cc
	100	1. Cost 1.58-1.59 2. Pressed psi x 10
Under Water:		3	5	10	15	20	30	50
Peak Pressure	100	1.35 l.W 1.1*5 1-52 1.55 1-59 1.6
Impulse	100	Thermal Cor.ductlvl ty;
Energy	100	csl/sec/cm/°C
UMorgretmd: Peak Pressure	1U0	Density 1.19	gm/cc	(&}	5-28	x	10 !* 1.51	gm/cc	(g)	7.12	x	10’7 1.54	gm/cc	(b)	5.6	x	10*”
Impure	IOC	1.67 gm/cc (g) 12.21 x IO*4
Energy	lOv	Viscosit;., polees;
	Tenu . 85°C	0.139 0.095
	Bulk 4cd.; .8 et ?oom Temperst re (25o-30°C): Dynes,-’em'’ x 10" *-u 	Pensl -y, £m/;n		(n) 2.92
ИИ (Prinitrotoluene)
AMCP ТвМП
Effect of Sispemture зс Mte of Detonation: (1)			
TSepernture of Charge, °C	*5b	21	60 Sours at TM^araturc	16	16	24 Density, gp/cc	1-63	1.62	1.6»	60 72 1.64		
Fite, mtere/second	6700	6820	6770	6510 Эимй*1У1ч> t; Electrostatic Diacharge, Joules; through 100 Utah: Ubeonflnsl	0.06 Confined	4Л Pepact Bssaitivltr versus TOay gature: Picatliry Arsenal АтрртЛов, 2 eg wt, inches: °C	inchoe Ao	17 Boca	U 80	7 90	3 105-120	2 (5 expl in 20 trials) ZOeet Sensitivity versus Loading Jbthod; Large Tnpact Apparatus,		Inches:	-
Pressed at 1.60 gp/cc	70 Oast at i-60 gs/c-c	j6 Bifl» Pallet frjact aene'-tivltr versus Bey&rrtare, Oonflwent; Boost itandera Iron Bost:	Hospers turu		105° to 110°C	
So Air фме Male	10 explosions	1 vary low order Air Эросе Trials	10 Explosions	0 tin cr Oartboard Bcriba; With or Without Air Space male	10 r losicns	0		10 J 10 0 10 0	
353
АМСР 706-177
MIT fTrlnltrotolueae)
BmltMoa	versus МИ Inltlt' Tww*t>mi
ИТ ftwoireture, Initial	Kaploelon ftiiarature, °C
Roca	470 (Deocnpoaes) t
105°-100 C	HSO (DecoRXJses)
Explosion Twerature versus Confto—ent, °C:
Uncoefined	Decceposes	470
3ealed in glass capillary Explodes	320-335
Viscoaltar at 8q.5°C:
Viscosity, X, cp log X » '*-046 S * 1.26
8  £ solid in slurry
Particle alи effect, snail
Density, ga/cc;
°C	State	gn/cc
2? to 70	Flaked	1.65
80	Flibd	1.64
82	Liftnld	1.48
&Г	Liquid	1.48
95	Liquid	1.47
Solubility of ТЮ, at/100 яа (Я, tot (f)	c
Hater		Acatona			jenreae	Iblueue	
	c- i		2		4	°C •an*	4
0	0.0100	0	57	0	13	0	26
20	0*0130	20	109	30	67	20	55
40	0.0285	40	228	4o	180	40	130
60	0.0675	6o	600	6c	478	60	367
				so	>2000	80	>1700
	carbon					toichloro-	
tetrachloride			Ether	Chloroform		ethylene	
!S	1	°C aee*	1	2£	1	«4	4
0	0.Я0	0	1.73	0	6		3-5
0	0.5 5	20	3.29	20	19	55	60
40	1-75			40	66		
6o	6.90			60	302		
70	17- ’4						
75	24.35						
354
АМСР 706-177
ИТ (Trinitrotoluene)
ftnrtdina Methyl acetate	di chi arid»
2c < ft J	J
20	Iho	20	73	20	3h
hO	9®	hO	135	hO	123
GO	6ho	50	280	60	hGO
TO	1250				
• 5
*9
96
tetrechloro-	leorrapyl
ethene	Aniline	alcohol	Ethenol
i os. i 2c i i 1
20 IB Ю 6.1	20	0.76	0	0.62
hO 5C	30	U.5	hO	1.96	20	1.25
50	M0	50	29	50	2.95	hO	2.8$
70 Th	60	8.h
80	130	70	15
Xsobutyl alcohol	Carton disulfide	Chlordbenaene
°c I	2c 1	2£ i
0	0.20	0	O.lh	20	35
20	0.61	20	O.hh	3,	51
hO	l.hl	hO	l.h	hO	79
50	2.55	50	116
Prer^rutioe.
(AC 7258, 7259, 7260 - litretian Kinetics)
(CheiidetCT at Powder and Exploeive». Davie)
,02
In elder proeeeses trinitrotoluene (ПТ) vas «lowly «uid Laboriouily nitrated ir. throe
stages using successively stronger add». Today, however, a «ingle stage nitration ie pos-
sible, in a short tine (leas than one hour) producing TUT at a coat of a little leea than
6//I0. Tn England, a tvs stage continuous prvсеве vas developed during World Wbr II; in the
firat counter cuirent sta^e, to' as van nitrated to the none stage nononitrоtoluene (МВТ);
in tiie second rtsga, also count current, MKB vas nitrated to HIT.
355
AMCP 706-177	TUT (Trilltrotoluene^
It «i the British work, on the kinetics of nitration of toluene to TUT, that first pointed
out the basic importance to nitration processes of the nltroxyl ion (N0g+), on the one hand,
and the role of the blsulfbte ion (НЭО4-) and unionised sulfuric acid on the other. These
concepts were successful 1^ explaining the maximin in nitration rate occurring et a sulfuric
acid content of 92#. This work, for instance, leads to the following equation for the rate of
forestion of ТЯТ from DHT:
l.CSF) - К (ЯОо*) [к* (HSOfc-) + К" (HpSOjtH (ШТ)
Tnree Stage Process; Toluene (100 gm) is nlorated to the mono derivative by slowly adding
a mixture of 2^4 gm sulfuric acid (sp gr 1.84) and 14? gm nitric acid (sp gr 1.42) to it at
30°-4o°C, with good agitation. Acid addition requires 1-1.5 hour, and stirring et 30°-40°C
is continued 30 minutes longer. The mixture is cooled and the lover layer of spent ecid
drawn off*
Half the crude none is dissolved in 109 gm sulfuric add (sp gr 1.84) with cooling, the
solution heated to 50°C and a mixture of 54.5 gm nitric add (sp gr I.50) and 54.5 gm sul-
furic acid (bp gr 1.84) added, under agitation, at such a rate that the temperature is main-
tained between 90° and 100°C. Acid addition requires 1 hour, and stirring at 90°-100°C is
coati ued 2 acre hours.
While the dlnltratlcn mixture is still at 90°C, 145 gm fuming sulfuric acid (oleum con-
taining 15f free S0^) is added slowly. A mixed add of 92*$ gm each nitric acid (sp gr 1.50)
and 15t oleum is sltvly added, under good agitation at 100°-11 ' over 1^-2 hours. The mix-
ture is stirred at 100 -115°C for 2 mor» hours, cooled, filtereo, and the THT cake broken up
and washed with water. The ТЯТ is washed 3-4 times with hot water (85°-95°C) with good agi-
tation. The predict can be purified either by recrystallization from alcohol or by washing
it with 5 times its weight of 5* sodium bisulfite solution at 90°C for J hour with vigorous
stirring, washing with hot water until the washings are colorless, end cooling slowly with
stirring to granulate the product.
Origin:
TRT was first prepared in 1863 by Wllbrand (Ann 1Д8, 1(8), later by fcciIsteln and KUhlberg
(Bar 2/ 202 (1870) end also Tlanann (Ber 217 418?6), eac'i using different methods of start-
ing materials. It was nearly 30 years later when Haussrmem undertook its manufacture on an
industrial scale (Z angew pen, 1891, p. 508; J Chem Ind, 1891, p. 1028). After 1901 TBT
began to be used extensively aa a military explosive anf Germany became the flrat nation to
adopt it aa a standard shell filler (1902-1904). Curing World War I ell the mejcr powers of
the world were using ТЯТ, with the quantity used limited only by the available supply of
toluene. Prior to World War II the development of synthetic toluene from petroleum mode
available In the United States, an almost unlimited su;yly of this raw material. Because of
the general suitability of 1ST for melt-loading and its extensive use in binary and ternary
explosive mixtures, ТЙТ is considered the mo.jt inportant military explosive known today.
Destruction by Chemical Decongiosltlon:
TUT ic decomposed by sddirg it slowly, while stirring, to 30 times its weight of s solution
prepared by dissolving 1 part of sodium sulfide (HegS^HgO) in 6 parts of water.
References;7$
(a)	D. P. MacDougall, Methods of Physical Testing, OSRD Report No. 803, 11 August 1942.
7^See footnote 1, page 10.
356
АМСР 706-177
HIT (Trinitrotoluene)
(Ъ)	Philip С. Keenan and Dorothy Pipe a, №ble of Mi 11 try High Explosives, SJcond Revi-
sion, MAVORD Report No. 87-46, 26 July 1946.
(c)	L. c. S*ith and 8. a. Wlton, A Consideration of RDl/Wax Mixtures as a Substitute for
Tetryl In Boosters, HOL Memo 1O,303j 15 June 1949»
(d)	L. C. Stith *nd E. H. Eyater, Physical Testing of Ex.'loeivea, Partin, Miscellaneous
SMurftlvity Taste, Pt,^fo"nance lasts, OSRD Report No.5746, 27 December 1945.
(e)	Report AC-2587.
(f)	International Critical Tables and various other sources in the open literature.
(g)	K. Hutchinson, The Thermal Sensitiveness of Explosives. The Therm] Conductivity of
Exploeive Materials, AC-2&0I, First Report, August 1942.
(h)	A. J. B. Robertson, Trane Farad Society, 44,- 977 (1948).
(1) M. A. Cook end M. T. Abegg,"Isotharml Decoepoaition of Explosives,й University of
Utah, Ind Eng Oo (June 1956), pp. 1090-1095-
(J) Comittee of Div 2 and 8, MRC, Report on HKL and Tritonal, OSRD No. 5406, 31 July
19*»5.
(к) H. W. Brake, yragswnt Velocity and Panel Penetration of Several Explosives in 31ыи-
lated Shells, OSRD Report Bo. 5622, 2 January 1946-
(1) W. I. McGarry and T. W. Stevens, Detonatlgn Rates of the More lyrtant Military
Explosives at Several Different Taaperaturea, BATS Ko. 2333, November 1956.
() W. 8. eraser, ^ilk Ccapresslblllty Data on Several High Explosives, WORD Report Ko.
4380, 15 September 19?6'
(n) Kantrov, Journal of Chemical Indust у (Russia) 6, 1929, pp. 1686-1688.
(0)	Also see	the following picatinny Arsenal				Technical	Reports	on HT:	
0	1	2	2	4	r	6	7	8	2
10	291	132	43	364	€5	86	41	118	99
30	551	582	83	694	195	266	87	288	249
24o	731	782	133	874	425	556	507	638	269
350	861	892	273	904	555	666	527	738	319
630	891	972	513	1094	695	956	597	768	389
760	901	1072	643	1104	735	986	707	838	499
810	971	1182	673	1124	805	1046	807	1088	7Q9
1120	1041	U.92	743	1224	975	1146	817	1098	739
u4o	1121	1272	853	1284	1145	1276	337	1128	779
1170	1311	1292	863	1294	1155	J 376	1107	1143	799
1260	1391	1342	Ю63	1304	1225	1446	1147	1158	889
1270	1431	1352	1123	1314	1285	1466	1217	1188	929
1360	1451	1372	1133	1344	1305	U76	1247	1198	939
14co	1491	1402	1193	1414	1Ы5	1556	1307	1228	1099
1460	1651	1452	1243	1444	1395	1636	1417	1258	1109
1500	1821	1472	1323	1454	1425	1756	1427	1308	1129
357
АМСР 706-177
ТИТ ( Tried U-otolue;^)
0	2	2	U	2	6	I	8	9
1530	11*92	1373	152<*	11*35	1956	11*37	1318	1139
15ЙО	1562	11*93	151*1*	1М*5	2216	11*57	133В	1179
1550	1582	1553	1561*	11*95		11*97	1388	1199
1730	1712	1633	16С’+	1515		1537	11*18	1259
2010 2100 2160	1862	1693 1823 2063 2163	1671* 1751* 1921* 2061* 2211*	1535 1585 1.605 1635 1665 1865 1965 1715 1885 2125 2175		151*7 1557 1577 1597 1677 1737 1797 1827 181*7 2007 211*7 2167	11*28 1578 1618 1688 1726 1828 183В 1858 2008 2138 2168	1289 1339 1369 1379 11*19 11*29 1U69 11*89 1529 151*9 1629 1689 1709
1729
I7U9
1809
1819
1879
19*»9
2159
2179
358
АМСР 706-177
Тогрех
СамрмШм. RDX	12 ПГТ	**О АХшйпив	16 C/H Rotto	
	Oxygen Beteece: CO, %	.55 CO %	-26
	Density: gm/cc	Cast	1.76-1.81
	^M^MBWBH r^^tei wr
	Лйяф* °C
Impact SoasitMty. 2 Kg Wlh Buraou of Minas Apparatus, cm	k2 Sampte Wt 20 mg Picotinny Arsenal Apparatus, in.	9 Sample Wt, mg	15	BeMtag Point: °C
	e ’o ?o ft
• 		Ж—ЧР— vFvCnWBB F^R^^WB^MBB В VvFe Steel Shoe Fiber Shoe	*F л^Л1 ▼V7WBBB «VWVBIBFy 9 vw. cc/40 Hrs. at 90’C 100’C 120’C	1.0 135'C 150’C
Rifle Ballot Impact Tost: Trials % Explosions	20 Partials	80 Burned	0 Unaffected	0	
	200 Grom Bomb Sand Yost: Sand, gm	59.5
Explcairn Temperature:	°C Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used) 1 5 Decoapoeee 2б0 10  x	v	o.o a»_.	e^s»s - же — BHBb^^mWOWo Minimum Detonating Chorge, gm Mercury Fulminate	0.18 Leod Az*de Tetry.
ЫШс МмКг, % TNT: (в)	13g
	Trani Test, % TNT:	(b)	161
7S*C Intetnattenal Hoot Test: % Loss in 48 Hrs	
	Plate Dent Test:	(c) Method	Я Condition	Coot Confined	Ko Density, gm/cc	1.83 Briscnce, % TNT	120
100’C Heat Test: % Lou, 1st 48 Hrs	0.00 % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs	0.10 Explosion in lOO Hrs	None	
	Detoaetum Kate:	(d) Confinement	None Condition	Cost Chorge Diameter, in.	1.0 Density, gm/cc	1.81 Rote, meterj/second	7**95
FtemamMitv Index:	196	
Hygroscopicity: %	30°C, 90$ RH	0.00	
▼ ^MeFBBBFy •	
:й9
AMCP 706-177
Torpex
Bssobbf SeoeiHvJly Condition	(c) Pressed	Cssc
Tetryl, gm	10	5
Wax, in. for 50% Detonation		
Wax, gm	2	0
Density, gm/cc	1.6L	1.81
Meet oft Combustion, cal/gm	(•)	зт'ю
Explosion, cal/gm Gas Volume, cc/gm Formation, cal/gm Fusion, ca!/gm		1800
Specific Meet: cal/gm/*C At -5°C	(b)	0.22
Density, gm/cc		1.82
At 15°C		0.2U
Busalag Rate: cm/sec		
1 ММИМв* WVHVM*VtvWy« col/sec/cm/'C Density, ga/cc	(b)	9-7 x 10'1* 1.82
Oxygen, otems/sec (Z/sec) Hoot, kJlocoloHe/moie (AH, kcol/mel) Temperature Ronge, *C Phase	
Алеет Plate Inspect Test:	
M mas Mostar PseieaMe:	(•)
50% Inert, Velocity, ft/sec	185
Aluminum Fineness	
	
Plote Thickness, inches	
1	
1’4	
14	
1%	
T7,2000-lb Sewti-Arsaer-Pierctaf iamb vs Cesser ' s:
Lineor, %/*C -73 <» 75°C M x 10‘5 (b)
Volume, %/’C
KarAk i* Mdn Scala:
E', dynes/cm*
E, Ib/inch3
Density, gm/cc
(b)	10
9-53 x 10*~
I.38 x 10°
Max Soft Drop, ft
5004b вамга! Puspeso Bomb vs Cesscrete:
Height, ft
Triols
Unoffected
Low Order
High Order
100Q-* (aeaerel Purpose Is mb vs < esscsata:
Density, gm/cc
2100-2300
C
mm Mercury
Height, ft
Triols
Unoffected
Low Order
High Order
:йо
Torpex
AMCP 706-177
Fregeeeafotien Teet: 00 мм HI. M71 Projectile, La* WC-tl: Density, gm/cc ChorgeWt, Ib	1.75 2.316	Shaped Charge IffecHvoMos, TNT = 100: У/У>-?ДЗ-? Glass Corm Steel Corm Hole Volume	150	lb$ Hole Depth	127	131	
Total Nv. ef Fregnreats: For TNT For Subject HE 3 Inch HI. M42A1 Projectile, Let KC-5: Density, gm/cc ChorgeWt, Ib	703 891 1.79 0.9b0	Cohn	Grey
		Principal Uses: Depth chargee, bombe	
Tetd No. ef FragawetK For TNT For Subject HE	51b 647	Method of Lending:	Cost
		Lending Donahy: gm/cc	1.76-1.81	
Ргмумм» Velocity: ft/soe At 9 ft At 23Ц ft Density, gm/cc			
	2960 2660	Method	Dry
Meet (BeiaHvw to TNT):	(e)	t.'uord Cioss 'Quantity-Distance)	C14SS 9
Ain Peek Pressure Impulse Energy	122 125 lb6	Compntlb lity Group exudation	Group I
Air, СееЯмб: Impuhe		Effect of Temperature on	
	116	ХвхЖ'.-t SeneltiYity: Тещ.	FA Ibpect Test	
Under Weter: Peek Pressure Impuhe Energy	116 127 153	vb	2 Kg Wt, locbee 25	15 32	7 10b	8	
		Viecoeity, poises:	
Peak Pressure Impuhe Energy		Temp, 83°C 95°C	b-5 2.3
361
АМСР 706-177
Torpex
Preparation:
Torpex la manufactured by heating TNT to approrlnat* ly 100°C in a steam-jacketed kettle
equipped with a stirrer. Hiter wet RDX Is added alowly to the molten THT, while mixing end
heating, until all the water is evaporated. Aluminum is added end the mixture ie stirred
until unifora. The mixture ie cooled, vith continued к birring, until it is suitable for
pouring* Torpex can also be aad: by adding the calculated amount of THT to Composition В
to maintain the desired proportion of RDX/TNT, heating and stirriM, and adding 18 percent
of aluminum to complete the mixture.
Origin;
Tjrpex, a castable high explosive, was developed in England during World War II for use
as a filler in warheads, mines and depth bombs. Several varletlone in the composition of
torpex h'.ve been evaluated but the following are those used in ' rvlce munitions:
	Torpex 2	Torpex 2	
	unwaxed	waxed	
	(•)	(b)	(c)
RDX, %	42	41.6	41.4
TNT, $	40	39.7	39.5
Aluminum, $	18	18.0	17.9
Wax, Ц		0.7	0.7
Calcium chloride, <f>			0.5
(a)	Made from Composition B-2 or 6o/4o cyclotol.
(b)	Made by the addition of aluminum to Composition B.
(c)	Made by the addition of calcium chloride to Torpex 2.
Wax has the undesirable effect of (1) tending tc coagulate the aluminum, thus giving a less
homogeneous and more viscous product, (2) lowering the density of the cast explosive from
1.72*1.75 to I.06-I.7O for waxed torpex, and (3) lowering the compressive strength from ffOO
psi to 1970 psi for waxed torper. However, wax is used in service torpex for reasons of
safety, since there is evidence that its presence lowers the sensitivity of the expletive to
iopact as measured by laboratory drop tests and bullet sensitivity tests of small charges
(Bureau of Ord Res Memo Rpt No. 2b, January 19U5).
References:76
(s)	Committee of Div 2 and 8, NDRC, Repor. on HBX and Tritonal, OSRD No. 5406, 31 July
19^5.
(b)	Philip C. Keenan and Dorothy C. Pipes, Table of Military High Explosives, Second Revi-
sion, WORD Report No. 87-46, 26 July 1946.
(c)	D. P. MacDougall, Methods of Physical Testing, OSRD Report No. 803, 11 August 1942.
L. C. Staith and E. H. Eyster, Physical Testing of Explosives, Part III, Miscellaneous
Sensitivity Tests, Performance Teats, OSRD Report No. 57^6, 27 December 19^*5.
76Se« footnote 1, page 10.
362
АМСР 706*177
223Й?.
(d)	G. В. Messer ly, The Rate of Detonation of Vari out Explosive Cotnounds, OJRD Report
Bo. 1219, 22 February 195У~
M. D. Hurvlxx, The Rate of Detonation of Various Cospounds and Mixture», OSRD Report
BO. 56U, 15 January 19*Л.——————
(e)	’. ,Г' Tomllnaon, Jr., Bleat Effbcta oi Boab Explosives, PA Tech Div Lecture, 9 April
19*G. - -	---------------------- ---------
(f)	Eastern Laboratory du Pont, Investigation of Cavity Effect, Sec III, Variation of
Oevlty Effect with Explosive Coaposition, ВИС Contract Wb72-6M>.'fl2j.
(b) Also see the following Plcatlnny Arsenal Technical Reports on Torpex:
0	1	2	A	2	6	I	P
1530	1651	1292	2353	1585 1635 1885	1796	1797	1638
2355
363
АМСР 706-177
1.3i5-Trlamino-2,L,6-THnltrobensene (ТММВ)
	Meteexlar Weightt (CgKgHgOg)	258
* „	NH9 С 27-9	. 2 н 2.з	VY|“N°£	Oxvgen Bateaeel CO» %	-56 CO %	-19
Я 32.6	Н2Я -4.J-BH2	Caaoky: gm/cc	Crystal	I.93
0	37-?	К02	MoMag Points *C 333	(b, e)	360 (a)
C/H Ratio 0.302	ммкт	•Г* I^WWe \e
Import SamMMty, 2 Kg Wh Bureos of Minas Apporatus, cm Semple Wt 20 r-.g Picatinny Arsenal Apparatus, in.	11 Sample Wt, mg	7	OeMteg Mott *C
	jo go jo
Friction PeeMom Tosh Steel Shoe Fiber Shoe	Vetoed Stability Tash cc/40 Hr. at 90'C 100’C (a, b)	O.36 120*C 135’C I50-C
Aifte Belief Impact Toot: Trials % Explosions Portiols	
Burned Unaffected	200 Greet Bomb Seed Toots Sand, gm	U2.9
Fxpleoisa Tempemhtre:	*C Seconds 0.1 (no cap used! 1 5 10	MMiiMVWwy obowwv^^oi Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate	---- Lead Azide	0.30 Tetryl	— --
20	FHltatt* Mertar, % TNT:
	TtaasITeot,* FNT:
7S*C Intenmtionel Heat Toot: % Loss in 48 Hrs	
	Plate Dent Toot: Method
11ГС Hoot Toot: % Loss, 1st 48 Hrs	0.00 % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs	0.00 Explosion in 100 Hrs	Bone	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
	Detcoetlea Kate: 2- 'inoment	None
FtenMneNOfy Index:	
Hygscsee^Jelty: %	C’torge Diameter, in.	0.5 Density, gm/cc	1.60 Rote, metem/second	'7500
Vm^AlMAn..	
364
l,3,5*Trtealno-2,k,6-T mltfbbenxene (UMWB)
лхсрж-т
M Mi Ml МП МмМК I* *M>| Омйу,*к/сс ОшреМК,» TMei Mb. of Ffopamatu For TNT ForSubMdHE »1мЬМ «МШ MwMk Ut KC4t Dmty, gm/cc Cheeps Wt,b For TNT For SubHct HE	(taped Ctaspe fffisthsseii. TNT = IWt GIom Cones Stool Cones Hob Volume Ч -1- -*- now u^tn
	Crtmt	Yollow
	Nm^I UtaM
	Mollwi of teeftopt	Preoood
	loedtap Ooortyt gm/cc At 50,000 pal	1.80
FofMot VeWte 1t/tK At 9 ft At 25% ft Омйу, pin/cc	
	Method	Iky Horad Ctet (Оиопгйу-ОШопм) CompoHbiUty Group O*	>_»>	 CXUQQnon
MM fthtebe leTNTh Ain АмкРшмо Impute Energy AW, СмЯмй Impute IWoWtta ftggll PpkMMV &ИГ8У Pock Pressure Impute Fnorgy	
	Detonation Velocity;	(a, b. c) Penalty, gn/cc	Metera/aec 1.290	5360 1.3**5	5626 1.675	6550	. 1.675	6575 1.082	7035 1.635	7220 Heat of; Explosion, cal/gm	2831
365
АЖСРОДП
l,3,5~Trianitio-2,k,6-Trlnitrcbenxene (йЯВ)
Prewatioa:	(а)
Absolute alcohol (200 milliliter») ш saturated vith eaennla and than 'i.5 gw (0.088 wol)
of l,3>5-tribroeo-2,k,6-trinitrobenx«», prepared according tc Hill (НОТОЮ Report Bo. 3709,
2 Nbruaxy 1953), w« added. The flask wi stoppered and alloved to stand et rocw tespexeture
ter a day. addlticnal awwonia was bubbled into the nixture, which was then basted under reflux
for thirty ilnutes, filtered hot, and the insoluble prcduct collected on a Buchir * funnel.
The product wi washed with water, alcohol, and dried. The k.7 gw of notarial recovered Me
recrystalliMd frcw nitrobenssne.
A dieadvantage of the above wetted was that it could not be used for the prepaxwtion of
large quantities of ТАИВ. Since it did not seen fbariblw to develop a net netted of prepara-
tion, an investigatiau was node of the reported aadnetlon reactions (see Origin below). An
attempt sue aade (Ref f) to find a wodlfication which vmld produce high yields of a pure pro-
duct. The process which evolved free this study nay be suenarisad as follows (Ref J): 1,3,5-
trichlorobensene was nitrated "in one step** to l,3,5-wichlcro-2,k,6-trinltrbbensene in 891t
yield. The crude nitration product was aadnated in bensene with swami a gas to ЗУЛЯ®, in
yields of at least 95lt>
Origin:
ТМП wi prepared for the first tine in 1888 by C. L. Jackson and J. F. Wing, who f md
the coupound Insoluble in alcatel, ether, chloroform, benzene, and g’ adal acetic add; and
soluble in nitrobenzene and aniline (Aner Chew Journal W, 282 (1688'). B. Flhraehein and
B. L. Heines prepared TATEB trow benzene tree pentanltroanillne by gradually adding it to 100
aqueous awotrla (J (hew Soc, Pt 2,3tAj (1928)). After bailing, an orange-yellow pgwdar £>*-
lag above JOO°C was obtained. ТМг product corresponded to that described by Jac4»on and wins-
These authors, as wall as Palner (Aaer Chew Journal Ik, 378 (189*.,), attested to reduce ТАЯВ
to texa-awinbtwnsene Either decomposition occurred*ar a hydrochloric» <•’ penta-awinobenxene
was formed. Harsch- « and Holmes succeeded in reducing ПЯВ vith pnvLylt.-lraxine by heating
then together up to 200°C (J Ctew Soc, Pt 1,33k (1929)) (Beil 1^, JOI ы.Д ЖП, 1k?).
References;77
(a)	F. lay lor, Jr., Synthesis Of Же High Explosives II, Derivatives of 1,3,5-Trlbromo-
2,k,6-THnltrobenzene, RAvCttD Report Ro. WO5, IMovember 1956.
(b)	Ih D. Haavton, Snell Scale Dstcoction velocity Measurewents ftow May 1951 to May 195k,
WORD Report ro. 3731, June 195*b	'	=
(с)	E. M. Fisher end E. A. Christian, Explosion Effects Dots Sheets, KAVORD Report Ro.
2986, Ik June 1955-
77--------
See footnote I, page 10.
368
Olycol Plnltrete (ДЮМ) Mquld	с AMCP 706-177
.ocoikl	Mekcaler Weight: (C^Kj^KgOg*	2h0
С	89.9	HgC^ й 5-^	Osy^es BcfaftCV! CO, %	.89 CO %	-27
Н 11.7	1	K-^gm/cc	|$C	l.g
н_сх 0	53-0	/0	MolHeg Met: *C
C/H Rotio 0.177 H2C'4‘CHgOBOg	rVMSMiJ FMW! 4»
1н*м1 ХмакМу, 1 Kg Wtt Bureau of Minot ^poeetus, cm	100* Somple Wt 20 mg Picatinny Arsenal Apparatus, in.	1*3 Sample Wt, mg	IaIIUa lul^o *Л ^wHwe Ke
	Refractive Index, n£	1Л51Ю n£ n£
PgjgllQQ	Twtt Stool Shoo	Unaffected Fiber Shoe	Unaffected	Vecanrai StebiBly Teat: cc/40 Hn, at 90’C 100*C	0.1*5 120*C	8 hours	0.8 135’C 150*C
RMe BeKet hugest Teat: Triols % Expiosicns PwrTvQVl	
Burned unovTvcrw	2006reai Boeab Send Teet: Sand, gm	1U.7
Seconds, 0.1 (no cop used) 1 5	223 10	*wm*wy * вявиям^^н* Minimum Detonating Chorge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Axide Tetryl
20	BeMoHc Metter, % TNT:
	Treed Teat, % TNT:
79*C IntonraHeuei Hoot Teat: % Loaa in 48 Hit	
	Floto boat Toot: Method
lore Neat Tea»: % Loaa, 1st 48 Hrs	1.8 % Loaa, 2nd 48 Hu	1.6 Explosion in 100 Hn	Hone	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
	
ЯвмямЫВ!^ fades*	Confinement	Shelby steel Condition	Liquid Chorge Diameter, in.	1.25 Density, gm/cc	1«33 Rote, meten/socund	Fells
QL vVyS"^*^*^***** *	
VdMMtr 60°C, ae/ca^/hr	LO	
367
АМСР 706-177
THethylene Glycol Dlnitrate (TB3M) Liquid
Nm M.M7I ProjecMs, I* WC-»1: Density, gm/cc Chorga Wt, lb Total Na. af hagriHi For TNT For Subject HE 1 task HE. M42A1 Projectile. Lot KC-S: Density, gm/cc Chorge Wt, lb Total No. of Fragments: For TNT For Subject HE	Sheped Charge EHoetiveneoe, TNT = IM: Gloss Cones Steel Cones Hob Volume Hole Depth
	Color:
	Principal Uses: Ingredient of rocket end double base propellants
	ef Urih|:
	Lending Density: gm/cc
Aa /ала оЯ^НЯИЕ ▼ МОСКу! о% J Ж At» ft At 25ft ft Density, gm/cc	
	Method	Liquid Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance) Compatibility Group Exudation
beet (Rotative *e TNT): Ata Peak Pressure Impube Energy Air.CseftasE: Impulse Under Wotan Peak Pressure Impube Energy Peak Pressure Impube Energy	
	Solubility in Water, gm/100 gm, at:	 25°C	0.55 60°C	0.68 Solubility, gm/100 gm, at 25bC, in; Ether Alcohol	“ 2:1 Ether: Alcohol	» Acetone	*• Viscosity, centipoises: Temp, 20°C	13-2 Hydrolysis, Add: 10 days at 22°C	0.032 5 days st 6o°C	0.02^ Vapor Pressure; °C	i Mercury 25	<0.001
Heet of; Combustion, cal/gm	3428 Explosion, cal/gm	357 Gas Volume, cc/gm	851	
368
Triethylene Glycol Dibitrate (ЯЮК) Liquid
AMCP 706-177
Origin:
Lourenco prepared triethylene glycol In 1863 by heating glycol vith ethylene bromide in a
sealed tube at U5°-12C°C (Ann (3) 67, 275) • Later in the ваше year Wurtt prepared tri ethy-
lene glycol by heating ethylene oodlEs vith glycc' at 100°C. By action of nitric acrd triethy-
lene glycol was oxi di ted to (HgOOC-CEp^O-O^Ja (.3) 69, 331, 351).
3» Germans and Italian* were the first to prepare and use ffiJN during World War II aa an
Ingredient of rocket and propellant powders. The cosnerclal production of TEGN in quantity
la still difficult and its ure u a plasticizer for nitrocellulose is being replaced by other
liquid nitrates.
Preparation:
friethylena glycol la purified by fractional distillation under vacuum in an 18-inch VI-
geaux fractioning colunm. The assembly as a «hole la equivalent to 4.5 theoretical plates.
The distillation la conducted using a 5 to 1 reflux ratio, at a pot teqperature of approxi-
mately 18O°C, and a take-off teaperature of approximetely 120°C.
The puriiled triethyleneglycol (TEG) la nitrated by carefully stirring it int' 2-5 parts
of 65/30/5 nitric acid/sulphuric add/water maintained at 0 t 5°C- The rate of cooling la
sufficient that 300 gm of TEG cau be added within 40 minutes. The mixture is stirred and
held it 0+ 5°C, for 30 additional nlnutes. It la then drowned by pouring ont, a large quan-
tity of xce and extracted three times vith ether. The combined extract ir water-washed to a
pH of about 4, shaken vith an excess of sodium bicarbonate solution, and further washed vith
1* sodium bicarbonate solution until the washings are colorless. The ethersal solution is
water-washed until it has the same pH value as distilled water It is carefulseparated
from excess water, treated vith chemically pure calcium chloride to remove ,‘issolved water,
and filtered. The ether is removed by bubbling vith dry air until в minima; rate of loss in
weight is attained. The yield is 1.3U gm per gm TEG (84* of theoretical) and the nitrogen
content of different batches range from 11.60 to 11.69* by the nitrometer method (calculated
11.67*).
References:78
(t) See the following Picatlnny Arsenal Technical Reports on THGN:
2	1	6	I	8
1953	1745	1786	1767	1638
2193		2056	1817	
78See footnote I, puge 10.
369
AMCP 706-177
Trigonite
	Molecular Weigbl:	217
TV Plc’-ic Acid	88-90 Mononltronapbthalene	12	10	Oxygea Bsleaee: CO, %	-62 CO %	-1U
	Density: gm/cc	Cast	1.60
	Matting Paint: *C	90
C/H Rotio	Frosting Point: *C
hagert SeaaitMy, 1 Kg Wh Bureau of Mina* Apparatus, cm	60 SompleWtJOmg Picatinny Arsenol Apparatus, in.	10 Sample Wt, .ng	BeMag Paint: *C	Explodes	300
	Refrectiva index, n" n£ i£
Prietiea РепАйма Test: Steel j..- Fiber Shoe	Vicaem Stability Teat: cc/40 Hrs, at 90'C 100’C 120*C	0.9 135*C 150’C
RM* BuNat hnpecf Test: Triols % Explosions	0 Portioh	0	
Burned	0 Unaffected	100	200 Grom Bomb lead Teat: Bond, gm	LA. 2
Faple*i*e ToMpefetara:	*C Seconds, 0.1 (no cop used) 1 5 Deccapoaee 315 10	И-—i«r .tx.. ХКНПТну VV Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide	0.20 Tetryl	O.OA
20	OaMatic Mortar, % TNT:
	Treat! Teat, * TNT:
7S*C 1а*агмНем1 Hoot Test: % LOH In 48 Hrs	
	Plate Dent Teet: Mathod
10ГС Meet Teat: % Loss, 1st 40 Hr* % Loh, 2nd 48 Hr* Expiation in 100 Hr*	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Bri*onca, % TNT
	Defeaatieo Rett: Confinement	None
НеяммЫМу Index:	
	Chorge Diameter, in.	1.0 Density, gm/cc	1.6C Rote, meters/second	7020
VeteHMyi	
370
Trimonlte
АМСР 706-177
N мм HI. МП РмИсЖа. Let WC-91: Density, gm/cc Chorge W:, Ib ForTNT For Subject HE Э lack Hl. M41A1 PwhcHh, Lrt KC-S: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, Ib IWW« HWr W ForTNT For Subject HE	Shaped Chorda Iffostivenoss, TNT = 100; Glass Cones Steel Canes Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Cote:
	Principal Uses: THT substitute in projectiles end bcatbe
	Molted ef Leodiag:	Cast
	Leodiag Deadly: gm/cc	1- 60
Fregasoat Velocity: ft/soe At 9 ft At2SHft Density, gm/cc	
	Method	Dry Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance)	Class	9 Compatibility Group	Group	I Exudation	Exudes et 50°C
Blast (Motive to TNT): Ain Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Air, Confined: Impute Under WMen Peak Pressure Impute Energy ^^4o Peak Pressure Impute Energy	
	Preparation:
	Picric acid and alpba-mononitronapbthalena ere salted together in an aluminum or tin steam Jacketed melt kettle equipped with a stirrer. Although picric add alone requires a high tem- perature for its melt loading (120°C), the mixture forms a eutectic melting at *9°C. Cere must he taken to prevent the formation of dan- gerous metallic picrates. Trlmonits la of interest as an emergency substitute for ПГГ.
371
АМСР 706-177
Trlmoalte
Origin:
Trlmonite, a castable mixture of picric add/mononitronapbthalene vas developed by the
British during World War II as an improvement over tridite which la a mixture of 80/20 picric
add/dlnitrophenol. Both mixtures are suitable for melt-loading below 100°C and therefore
represent en improvement over melt-loading picric acid alone (melting point 122°C). However,
tridite is slightly inferior to picric add as an explosive end dlnitrophenol is object!en-
able because of its toxicity. Trimonite is also slightly inferior to picric acid and ТЯТ as
an explosive. Because of the lov eutectic temperature of the picric add-mononitronaphthalene
mixture (U9°C), Tridite exudes when stored at elevated temperatures. It does not possess the
dlsadvantsges of picric add (corrosive action on metals, ease of decomposition, etc.) and is
a comparatively inexpensive substitute for ПП.
References:
(a)	See the following Picatlnny Arsenal Technical Reports on Trimonite:
2	2	6	8
1352	1325	926	1098
1372	976	1836
ЧП--------
' See footnote 1, page *0.
.'Г72
2,2,2-'rrj.nltroethyl*l*,^,U-Trinlt.‘c,u tty rate (IWETB)
AMCP 706*177
% C 16.6 H 1.6 O-CH С(ЯО ), 3	21.8	/	2	2 3 C - 0 0	58.0	\ с/h Rotio 0.202	снгснгссяог).	Meier jler Weight: (CgHgHgO^)	?66
	Oxygea Beleece: CO, %	Л.2 CO %	20.8
	Doneity: gm/cc	Form I	l.?S
	Molting Point: *C	93
	m	a B—1_ж. rVVVFNIf FMRv»
hnpeet Sensitivity, 2 Kg Wt: Bureou of Mino* Apporotus, cm Sompis Wt 20 mg Pkotinny Arsenol Apparatus, in. Sample Wt, mg 50jC point, cm	(a)	2)	Belling Feint: *C
	Refractive Index, nJ	Form I (e) Crystal Axle	,	1.518 fi	1.527 T	I.5U6
Stool Shoo Fiber Shoo	Vacwn Stability Teat: cc/40 Hrs, at 90’C	—— 100 °C U8 hr*	O.oO 120 C 135'C 150*C
RMo BrnNot hmpoct Tooh Trials % Explosion* Partial* Burned Unaffected	
	200 Grant Boaab Send Teat: Sond, gm
ВхуЫм ToMfMfehwo:	°C Seconds, 0.1 (no cap used)	— 1	--- 5 50^ point	(Alhot bar) (a)	225 10 15 20	> i»* r.	a_«а*_ лЛ^.— ИНеН|Тну	IMWIVnVW* Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azido Tetryl
	Ballistic Mortar, % TNT: (b)	136
	Trent Teat, % TNT.
7S"C intoraatissel Moot Teat: % Loa* In 48 Hr*	
	Plate Dent Teet: Method Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisonce, % TNT
WC Hoot Tub % Lot*. 1st 48 Hr* % Los*. 2nd 48 Hr* Explosion in 100 Hrs	
	Detonetian Rote: Confinement Condition Chorge Diameter, in. Density, gm/cc	].6O	1.76 Rote, meters/second	7760	8290
ЯмвяшЫШу	
Hygroscopicity: % 30°C, 90jt RH	0.00 75°C, 5 months Hil ^a)	
▼ ^MBVnBvy *	
373
АМСР 706-177
2,?,2-Trlnltroethyl-L,L,4-lYlnUrobutyrete (TNETB)
* -	_ CoaoMluU» BWmut	I v Condition Tetryl, gm Wax, in. for 50% Detonation Wax, gm Doroity, gm/cc	Oxygen, atoms/sec	U.U x 102^ (Z/sec) Heat, kilocalorie/mole	U3. U (AH, kcal/mol) Temperature Range, °C Phase	Liquid
Heat of: Combustion, col/gm	1685 Explosion, cal/gm Gas Volume, cc/gm Formation, eol/gm	307 Fusion, col/gm Subline+'.ou, cnl/gm (e. t)	80L	Armor Plate Impeet Tact: M mm Mortar Projectile: 50е inert. Velocity, ft/sec Aluminum Fineness 5004b General Purpose Bomba: Plote Thickness, inches 1 14 H/2 1%
Specific 'teat: cal/gm/'C	
Buroiog koto: cni/sec	
	Bomb Drop Teat: T7, 2000-lb Semi-Armor-Piercing Bomb vt Concrete: Max Safe Drop, ft 500-lb General Purpose Bomb vs Concrete: Height, ft Trials Unaffected Low Order High Order 1000-к General Purpose Bomb vs Concrete: Height, ft Trials Unaffected Low Order High Order
Thermal Conductivity: col/sec/cm/'C	
Coefficient ef Expansion: Linear, %/*C Volume, %/‘C	
Herdami, Mobs' Scale:	
£', dynes/cm* E, Ib/inch’ Density, gm/cc	
Compraecive strength: ib/inch3	
Vapor Fracture:	(e) *C	mm Mercury 65	3-3	x	Юд 75	1.3	x	10  35	b.2	x	10* 100	2.3	x	10'£ 120	1.1	x	10‘2	
	
374
2,2,2-Trlnltroethyl-4,4,4-Trlnltrobutyrate (TNETB)
АМСР 706-177
rraMR^I-i^S^Hi * Wi 90 пып HI. МУ1 Projectile, lot WC-»:: identity, gm/cc Chorge Wt, lb Total No. af Fragments: For TNT For Subject HE 3 tach HI. M43A1 Projectile, Let KC-S: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, ib Tefal No. of Fragmeets: For TNT For Subject HE	Shaped Charge Effectivenett, TNT = IN: Glatt Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Colee:	Colorless
	Mncipel Uses:
	
	Leading Density: gm/cc Form I	1.783 Form П 1.677 Liquid, 99°C. 1.551
Fragment Velocity: ft/sec At 9 ft At 25% ft Density, gm/cc	
	Storage: Method	Wet Hoznrd Class (Qiantity-Distonce) Compatibility Group Exudation
Iasi (Relative to H-6i: Sphere	Cylinder (h) Air: l-lb Charge:	EW*	EV*	iiW»	EV* Peak Pressure	0.91	0.64	0.81	0-75 Impulse	0.73	O.67	0.74	O.69 Energy Air, Confined: Impulse Under Water: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Underground: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy *EW, equivalent weight of H-6 feh. a unit weight of test mixture for equal performance at. the same test distance; EV, equivalent volume of H-б for a unit volume of test mixture for equal performance at the same test distance.	
	Bruceton Safety Test Results; (g) Mean and standard deviation of lengths of 0.300 diameter cylinder across which initia- tion Is possible for 50$ certainty: TNT	0.391	♦	0.C40 RDX Comp В	O.381	+	0.042 TT3TB	0.920	+	0.059 Absolute Viscosity, poises; (e) Temp, 98.9°C	0.173 106.5°C	O.138
375
АМСР7М-177
2,2,2-Irinitroe<hyl-b>b,b-Irinitrobutyrate (ПИИЭ)
Solubility (Boom Тиюегеturc);	(a)
Solvent	Solubility
j Utter	*	i Insoluble
j tuBarane	Insoluble
’ Carbon tetrachloride	1	Insoluble	;
! Ethanol	5 gm/ХЭО gm solvent	;
 Chloroform	5 gm/WO gm solvent	1
| Beuene	10 gm/100 gm solvent
3ttrceethan*i	Very soluble
Glacial acetic acid	Very soluble
Ethyl acetate	Very soluble
ИИВ Ferms Butectics With thf Following Cowpounds: (a)
SW«iemmsmmmammeemMrawmm»»emsmm«een»WMSsmme
I BBBS (bis(trlnitroethyl) succinate)
| ВВП (bis(tri*ltroethyl) nitramine)
| TSB (trinitrobenzene)
; Compound A (C^HgM^O- formed by
condensation of1,'1-dinitroethane)
Trinitroethyl trinitrobenzoate (27jt)
Cryetallctfraphlc Data:
(•)
Three polymorphic czyatalline forme have been observed. Low tamperatuie Fora I goes through
a solid-solid transition at 89°C giving Fora II. Form II has a melting poi... of 92.5° to 93^C.
On cooling, Fora II does not transform reversibly to Fora I when 69°C is reached. However,
Fora II will transform to Fora I nt room temperature, usually taking a few hours to do so.
Fora III was observed, vllch appeared to be stable over a vary narrow temperature range on
the order of 0.2° to 0.3°C near 92.5°C.
Preparation:	(d)
(»о2)3сся2анрсос1 + (HOgJgCHgOH	^эоц
trinlcrobutyryl chloride trinltroethanol	sulfuric
add
(во2)3сся2сн2соос^с(яо2)3 + HC1	*-------------
2,2,2-trinitroethyl-l,h,b-trinltro- hydrochloric
butyrate	acid
laboratory experiments indicate that the present slow step involving overnight treatment
of b,h,h-trlnitrobutyryl chloride with 2,2,2-trinltroethanol and aluminum chloride can be
replaced by a fast and simple esterification in sulfuric acid. Using 100>’ sulfuric acid un-
fortified НрЗОц, the ester can be prepared in yields of 95^ to In 24 hours st 25°C, in
5 hours at 50°C, or lu 3 hours at 65°C. Abort 65°C the reaction time is less, but the yield
fall- off and a less pure product is obtained. The crude white crystalline product on recryt-
tallization from dilute methanol gives a material melting at 92° to 93°C.
37b
2,2,2-'Brinitroe1hylA,b,U-Trinitrobutyrete (ЗИД)
АМСР7М-177
Oriaint	(e)
IBB belongs to a kv cIsm of aiplodvM characterlMd by tridtromthyl troupe,
-C(B0b)v She «haedstry cf thia claa» of оафоивДа ш studied in Gerweny by Dre. Schenck
end (ш Teenleihair*’. who diecovered in 19^2-19^3 *t trldtroaethaae or dtrcftae, HCfBOfe)»
wm the eouroe of aw axplodve terlvutivM. Dr. Sctvnck prepared the stable solid alcohol?
2,2,2-trldtroethanol, froe nitrofom and forwaldehyde. Dr. Schlaaalschaidt reacted nitrofora
with tinea turn ted organic cowoupda, such м acrylic add, and predieted in X9*»3 that the eater
ofA,h,k-tridtrobutyric add with trinitroethenol would be an interes tJ»»c asploalve.
Ш 19^7 the U.S. Navy began a prograa to esplore these coupe* ’>• Ute initial task of in-
vestigatiug the ohaedstzy at trinitroathanol wm undertaken by v л Hercules Powder Coweny
(Bevy Contract BOrd-9925). Ihe U.S. Rubber Coapany studied the cheat в try of nitrefora (Bevy
Contract BOrd-10,129)• Attar preparation at the first laboratory aaaplM of JSKIB, consider-
able intarMt wm aroused, m early 1950 the Naugatuck Chedcel Division of U.8. Rubber Com-
pany wm assigned to prepare 100 pounds of SBIB. Ihe Bureau of Ordnance in July 1953 reined
the protection to 800 pounds with the aMistance of the Hercules Powder Соцрепу in aug^ ing
the protection at Brugatuck (BBvy Contract BOrd-11,280). ШЯВ ie a high oxygen contei
uplodve.
RefWrenoesi80
fa) J. N. Roaen, Properties of Trinitroethyl Trinltrobutyrete ШИВ, KAVOR? Report Хэ.
1758, 17 Deceaber 1952a-
(b)	Bureau of Nines Report Bo. 3107, Part IX, Ballistic Mortar Tests on Irtnitrouthyl
Tridtrobutyrate, 5 April 1950.
(e)	b. D. ВафЬсп and G. flradebe, Evaluation of 2,2,2-Trit 'troethyl-h.hA-Trinitrobu*,, -ata
<C a Constituent of CMtable Explosives, ХАУонЬ Report No- 261 . 30 September 1952.
(d)	U.S. Rubber Сафапу Quarterly Progress Report No. 23, °ynth»ds of Bev Propellan—
and Baplodves, Navy Contracts NQrd-10-129 and -12,663, 19 August 1?53-
(e)	N. X. Rill, 0. H. Johnson, J. M. Rosen, D. V. Sicknan end F. Thylor, Jr., Preparation
and PropertlM of В0ЯВ, a Bev CMtable High Btploeive, KAVORD Report Ko. 3685, 27 January 1955.
(f)	M. E. Hill, RynthMis of Bev Hid» Baplosives, KAVORD Report No. 2965 1 April 1953-
(g)	Jacob Ravitt, A Sensitivity Test for CMtable Mould Explosives, Including Results
for fleas Nev 1Шег1а1аГИШ) bcori bo.	“-------- ---------
(h)	R. V. Gipson, SoMitiTity of Explosives, IX; Selected Physico-Chenical Data of .ten
Pure High Explosives, NAVORD Report No. 6130, IB June 1958.
8®See footnote I, page 10.
377
АМСР 706-177
Trinitro Trtazitobenteue
Ceapmrtien;	MehetderWeiglrt: (С606Я12)	ЗЭб
?°2 c ta.k	->1/ Jl 50.0	"з I	| B3 SRC •	°?S \^~S02	Oxygen Wevn CO, %	-29 CO %	0.0
	iMnelty: gm/cc	Crystal	1.81
Q	2v«t	c	^у**^	*- К	. Matting Mat: "C	Deconpoaee	131
3 • C/HRoHo	vBBOKNtf WPvS 4» ......^ .
hapect SenritMy, 1 Kg Wfc Bureau of Mines Apparatus, cm (•)	& 25 Soovto Wt 20 mg Pkatirmy Anenol Apparatus, in. Sample Wt, mg	Fifai; *C
	3 3 3 go Bo go
а * -« _	—»- Ca*a1 Скм 3*wl эпов Fiber Shoe	VnctHMW Stability Tort: cc/40 Hr*, ot 90"C 100’C 120’C I35’C 150’C
Uh BaBrt hnpoct Tert: Trial* % Expiation* Partial*	
Burned Unaffected	200 Gram Bomb Send Tert: Sand, gm
||рЫй Temporatnre:	’C '	(e.). Second*, 0.1 (no cap used) 1 5	150 10 15 20	•	••	<ТГ*жа-»е-_ •WwWWy	|ИЯ^Я^И8е Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide Tetryl
	ВоЯМс Moder, % TNT:
	Trernri Tert, % pm:	90
V(*^	4Pm^&« в У V	veW* 1 We % La** in 48'Hr*	Hole Dent Toth Method
100’C Neat Tert: % Loss, 1st 48 Hr* % La**, 2nd 48 Hr* Expiation in 100 Hr*	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Britance, % TNT
	Deteaatioa Beta: Confinement Condition Charge Diameter, in. Density, gm/cc Rote, meters/second
РСмкяиЫ№у 1й4*ж;	
Hygreecepicify: %	30°C, 90^ №	0.00	
VeteHUty:	
378
Trinitro Triazidobentenn
AMCP 706-177
Я ем Hl. МЛ Prajectih. L* WC-91: Density, gm/cc Chorg» Wt, Ib bia ^Л IWWI rWt wt FVW^BBMRBs ForTNT For Subject HE 3 ЬиЫМ. M42A1 Projectile, Let KC-3: Density, gm/cc Charge Wt, Ib ЧРХДеьВ	al 1VW V^V* Vm vl^^WWsr ForTNT For Subject HE	Shaped Charge Effeetiveaess. TNT = l»f; Gloss Cones Steel Cones Hole Volume Hole Depth
	Color:	Greenish-yellav
	Priadpal Usee: (c) Ingredient of printer mix
	Method ef leading)	Pressed Deed presses at about 42,000 pel
	Leadteg D веку: gm/cc At 42,000 pel	1.75
rvegmaat Velocity: ft/sec At 9 ft At 25% ft Density, gm/cc	
	Method Hazonl Class (Quantity-Distance) Compatibility Group Exudation	None
Meet (Relative to TNT): Ain Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Air, Confined: Impulse Under Water: Peok Pressure Impulse Energy UWif^VMNMle Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	
	Qualitative Solubilities et Room .'empereture: Solvent	Solubility Acetone	Readily soluble Chloroform	Moderately soluble Alcohol	Sparingly soluble Water	Insoluble Compatibility vith Metals: Wet; Does not attack iron, steel, copper or or sa. Heet of; Combustion, cal/gm	(a)	2554 Burning Rate;	(b) cm/sec	0.65
379
Aniline 1» chlorinated tc fore tri chia semi line. The aaino group is eliminated by the :
diazo reaction. The resulting i ya-tri chlorobenzene la nitrated. Thia nitration is carried
cut by dissolving the material la w» 32# oleum, adding strong nitric add, and heating to
lbO°-15O°C until no trinltro trichlcrobenzone(me?.ting taint 18T°C) precipitates (Bef f)-
The chlorine groups are then replaced by azo groups. This is acccepllahed by adding ar ace-
tone solution at the trinitro trlchlorobenzeoe, or better, and po-dered substance alone, to
an actively stirred aolutlon Gt sodium eside in alcdbol. The precipitated trinitro triazida-
benzese ia collected on e filter, washed Vith alcohol, water and dried. It way be purified
by dissolving in chlaioinrm, allowing the oclutfcn to cool, and collecting the greenish yellow
crystals (welting point 131°C with decovpoaitioa).
Origin:
This initiating explosive was first prepared in 1923 by Turek who also perfected ita manu-
facture.
Hefcrtncea:81
(a) S. Self, Tecta of Explosive Conpounda Submitted by Arthur D. Little, Inc., BATR 1750,
2b October I$b9.
(h) A. x. Belyaeva and A. E. Belyaeva CR a.s. USSR 52, 503-505 (19^6) Chemical Abatracte
bl, b310.
A. E. Belyaeva and A. F. Belyaeva, Doklady Akad Sauk. USSR 56, b91-b?b (19b?).
(c)	French Patent 893,9**!, lb November 19bb (Chemical Abstracts bj, 83Tb).
(d)	A. D. Ioffe, "Thermal Decomposition and Explosion of Azides," Proc. Roy Soc A208,
188-199 (1951).
(e.) T. L. Davis, The Chemistry of Fcvder and Explosives, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.,
New York (19b3), p. b3?.
(f)	0. Turek, Chim et Ind 26, ,781 (1931); German Patent b98,050; British Patent 298,981.
B^See footnote 1, page 10.
380
TMpenta erythritol Octant treta (TPECW)
AMCP 706-177
timtliiTtjinii	Metecater Weight: ( С15Н2^к802б)	7ЭЙ
C Й4.6 5 3.3 c;;  м15.3	 0 C56-S - с/ниЪ^®20*^ г4"  а.г«	Oxygea Baleeae: CO, % CO %	JAP! • CM •
	Deaeifr: gm/cc	Crystal	1.58
	*C	82 to 84
	ra	e— 1^*^- g^>	
!>|Ц|И1>»*У,1М Wfc . Bureau of Minep Apporatue, cm Sompte Wt 20 mg Picatinny Ammai Apparatus, in.	9 Sompte Wt,i*y	24	te-eoe	Bto^^e V^NII^p	
	3 3 3 go go go	
_. a..*	ор_-ж. , ПМНОП гШвЯИВ l*CT* Steel Shoa	Unaffected Rbar Shot	Unaffected	Yoeaam SteHfty Teet: cc/40 Hr*, at 90’C 100’C Pure 120*C Specially purified 135*C 150*C	2.4S 1.94
Mte BaGat hugest Toot: Trial* % Ецйо*>оп* ’ Pottiate		
Burned Unaffected	200 Gram Bemb Saad Teat: Send, gm	58.9
lepteetea Temgotstura:	C Second*, 0.1 (nc cap used)	— 1 5	225 10 15	te	ur 1.	a e-e ^e	 vOMMBVavluj	иИрЮТаОЮе Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide Tetryl	0.30
20	BaGtette Mortar, % TNT:	
	Traate Teat, % TNT:	
7J’C tateraatieaal Hoot Teat: % Lota in 48 Hrs		
	Plate Dent Teet: Method	
100’C Moat Teet: % Lot», lit 48 Hr*	1.15 % Loss, 2nd 48 Hr*	0.75 Explosion ы 100 Hr*	None	Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT	4
	Deraaetten Rate: Confinement	
НмммЫВ1у 1в4ежх		None Preeaed 0-5 I.56 7650
f	.	* e-	fu	Chorgo Diometer, in.	
VeteNBty:	Density, gm/cc Rote, meters/second	
АМСР 706-177
Trlpentaerythrltol Octanitrate (ТРКЖ)
Condition	* Tetryl, 0"» Wax, In. for 50% Detonation Wax, gm Density, gm/cc	Oxygen, alomi/soe (Z/mc) Heat, kiloeolorie/mole	23.1 (AH, kcal/mol) Temperature Range, *C	215 to 250 Phase	Liquid
Им* oft Combutticn, col/gm	2632 Explosion, cal/gm	1085 Gas Volume, ee/gm	7б2 Formation, cal/gm Futian, cat/gm	Armor Plate Impost Test: ГЛ	' ^^Чр 50% Inart, Velocity, ft/soe Aluminum Fineness Омяйм! Plate Thickness, inches 1 14 H4
Ipeetth Hoot: cal/gm/*C Specific lopuloe; Ib-eec/lb (calculated)	2<tO	
Bearing Roles cm/tec	
	limb Drop Test: 77,20004b torn! Armor Piercing Bomb «s Concrete: Max Safe Drop, ft 5004b Geeeral Porpeeo Bomb ее Coocrete: Height, ft Trials Unaffected Low Order High Order 10004b General Purpose Bomb ss Concrete: Height, ft Trials Unaffected Low Order High Order
Thermal Condostivity: col/tec/cm/*C	
CetfRciM* ef Ьрвмйя: Linear, %/*C Volume, %/*C	
	
E‘, dynes/cm* E, Ib/inch* Density, gm/cc	
Cemprasehro Strength: Ib/inch’	
Vepor Praeeeri: ‘C	mm Mercury	
	
382
Tripentaerythritol Octanitr:v (TPBON)
AMCP 706-177
FrigmietiMie Tash	Shaped Charge ОМееНелаеее, TNT s 100:	
N «им НО, МП hejecMe, let WC-01; Density, gm/cc Chorge Wt, lb	Glass Conee Steel Cone* Hob Volume Hole Depth	
For TNT For Subject HE 3 inch НЕ. M42A1 PtnjscMa, Let KC-5: Dantity, gm/cc Chorge Wt. lb	Color	White
	Pi In sb si Uwn High explosive end ее possible plasticiser for nitroeellnlose	
о Bowe гчв» mjBBWims For TNT For Subject HE	Method ef Loading:	Cast	or pressed
	Leedtag Daeellyt gm/cc Pressed at 60,000 pal	1.565
Fregment Velocity: ft/sec		
At 9 ft AtJ5%ft Density, gm/cc	Method	Dry
bet (ReMve ie TNT):	Hazard Class (Quantity-Distance)	
Air Peak Pressure Impube Energy	Compatibility Gloup Exudation	Bone
CsefhMdt Impube	Hygroecopicity, Gain or Lose in	Wt, It;
	Time, Hra	< RH at 30°C	
Under Water	1*0	70	QO
Peak Pressure Impube Energy UWw^vmnMIo Peak Pressure Impuhv Energy	2k	-0.008	-to.01	-Ю.Ф U8	-0.02	-0.01	«0.02 144	-0.0k	-0.03	-0.02 192	-0.0k	-0.02		 216	-0.00k	-o.Ol	+0.03 Solubility: Solvent	Solubility Water	Insoluble Alcohol	Soluble Chloroform	Soluble Acetone,	hot	Very soluble Benzene,	hot	Very soluble	
383
АМСР 706-177
Trlpentaerythrltol Octanitrate (TPEOR)
Ccwatibility With Other High Explosivee:
100°C Vacuum Stability Tbst:
	ГИ?	PETR	RDX	TPEON
al gaa/ltO hrs, 5 gm sample	0.1U	2.15	i 0.39	2.45
al gas/йО hrs, 5 gm sample of 50/50, tpbot/he	1.89	1-71	i 2-32	
Dlpentaarythritol Hexanitrata (UJEHH)-HiE0H Fusions;
j % TPEON	% IPffiN	Solidification Time, Daye	MP, °C
I 100	0	I	83
! 95	5	1	3	68
90	10	3	69
80	20	5	73
i 50	50	30	60 (Eutectic)
20	80	5	63
10	90	3	69
0	100	—	73
Preparation:	(a)
Twenty grata (0.05^ mol) of nitration grade trlpentaerythrltol (TPE) (99#) minimum purity)
were slowly added, with stirring, to 160 ga (2-55 mol) of 99# nitric add at a temperature of
-25° to 0°C. On equivalent weight baaia, thia quantity of 99# nitric add corresponds to an
excess of 6.3 tinea the TPE used After addition of the TPE, t1.. reaction mixture vas stirred
for about one hour at 0° to 5°1 and poured into eight times its volume of cracked ice. The
product, when allowed to stand overnight, was crushed under vater; filtered vith suction; and
washed copiously with vater. It was then treated twice with about 5 time its Wight of a 1#
amcnlum carbonate solution, stirred for several hours, filtered and washed with vater until
the final washings were neutral to litmus. The final product was washed successively with
50 c- -ach of ethanol and ether. The material dried in air weighed 37.6 gm or 96# of theory
based on TPE. It had a xeltlng range of 71° to 7* C. Crystallization cf the crude ТРЕСЖ frou
chloroform was found to be the most suitable method of obtaining pure TPEON.
Origin;
TPEOK prepared by the reaction of trlpentaerythrltol and 99# nitric acid at 0° to 10°C vas
reported by Wyler in 19^5 (J. A. Wyler to Trojan Povder Company: U.S. Patent 2,389, 228,
20 November 19^5).
Tripentaerythritol Octanitrate (MBON)
AMCP 706-17?
Befarencaet*3
(•) J. J. laNonte, И. J. Jackaon, 8. Uvlncaton, L. B. SLlbexoan and X. N. Jonee, The
Preparation and XKOloaiYe Prooertleeof Tripantaerythritol Octanitrate, PATH No. 81*90,”1558.
(b) K. Saaba, J. Yaaaahlte and 8. Tanaka, "Pentaerythritol Mtranitrete," J Ind KxploalTes
Soc (Japan) 1£, 868-9 (19541 <* & ПЯвЗ (1955).
(a) 8. D. Braver and H. Hankin, The Stability of MM and Pantollta, OSRD Report No. ihlh.
(d)	X. Berlov, R. H. Barth and J. X. Snov, Tha Pantaexythritola, ACS Nonosreph NO. 1Эб,
Reinhold Publlehlng Corporation, Nev lark, 1958.
gZsae footnote 1, page 10.
385
АМСР 706-177
Tritonal, 80/20
	Matesater Weight:	81
пгт	8о Alualnua	20	CO, %	-77 CO %	-30
	Deaaky: gm/cc	Oast	1.72
	MoRiag fate»: *C
C/H Ratio	а W^^^uB^B^
hapect SaaaMvky, 2 Kg Wt: Bureau of Mines Apporotus, cm	05 Sampte Wt 20 mg Picotinny Arsenal Apparatus, in.	13 Sompte Wt, mg	16	еЖад Paint: *C
	Rohoctiae ladcx, n£ i£ nJ,
• vWVWIO vW^WBMOOO 0вв», Steel Shot	Unaffected Fiber Shot	Unaffected	Vacaem StobWty Teat: cc/40 hrs, ot W'C 100’C	0.1 120*C	0.2 135’C 150X	0.8
Rifte Mlat Impact Taah Triois % Explosions	60 Portioli	0	
Burned	0 Unoffoctod	LO	200 Grom Bomb Send Teat: Send, gm
fapteatee Taa^aeetara,	*C Second», 0.1 (no cop uaad) 610 1	520 5 Daccnpoaea kfO 10	W5 15	Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide	0.20 Tetryl	0.10
20	BaKtette Mortar, % TNT: (e)	12*»
	Titatei Tost, % TNT:	(b)	125
75‘C lateraatiaaal Heat Tear: % Lorn in 48 Hn	
	Plata Dent Teat:	(c) Method	В
100’C Мае» Taah % Loa», 1st 48 Hrs % Lou, 2nd 48 Hrs Explosion in 100 Hrs	Condition	Oaat Confined	No Density, gm/cc	i.. 75 Brisance, % TNT	93
	Docaaottea Reto: Confinement	None	None Condition	Cast	Pressed Charge Diameter, in.	1.0	1.0
РЬомвеЫйу lades:	100	
Hygeeecepiclty: % JO°C, 90% RH	0.00	
VetaHHiy:	Density, gm/cc	1.71	1.72 Rote, meters/socond	6L75	67OO
386
Tritonal, 80/20
АМСР 706-177
Booster 6маЫ*Му Test: ( d) CondHon	Cost Tetryl, gm	100 Won, in. for СЭ% Detonation	0.5в Wox, gm Density. gm/cc	1«75	Oxygen, otoms/soe (Z/soe) Hoot, kllocolorie/mole UH, kcol/mol) Temperature Range, *C Photo
Hooteft	(c) Combustion, col/gm	ЬЬвО Explosion, cal/gm	1770 Got Volume, cc/gm Formation, cal/gm Fusion, cal/gm	Amor Note Impact Test: (e) ЛЛ	>«__»- m _e^_».am__ W ИИИ MVnW TaVjMVnVe 5C % Inert, Velocity, ft/sec	509	>1100 Aluminum Fineness	100	12 Plate Thickness, inches	Trials	f Inert 1	0 1'4	*6	100 6	33 1%	0
Ipedfie Hoot; cal/gm/*C (b) At -5°C	0.23 Density,	gm/cc	1.7b At 20°C	0.31	
Berelag Bote: ст/мс	
	Bomb Drop Test:	(e) T7,20004b Eeml Anas i-Pierciag Bomb vs Concrete: Max Safe Drop, ft S004b General Perpoeo Bomb vs Csecrete: Seel Height, ft	1736b	5735b Trinh	3)»	l*i Unaffected	32	1** Low Order	0	0 High Order	2	0 10004b General Perpoeo Bomb vs Coacrelei Seal Height, ft Trials	2b Unaffected	23 Low Order	0 High Order	1
Tberami CeedecHvity:	. col/soc/cm/’C	(b)	11 x 10* Density, gm/cc	1.73	
CMffldMtW fapMiiM: Linear, %/*C Volume, %/*C	
Mete* ScMe*	
Tseng's MeMee:	(b) E', dynes/cm*	6.6? x 10^ E, Ib/inch*	0.97 x 106 Density, gm/cc	1-72	
Compressive Strength: Ib/inch* (b)	23**0 Density, gm/cc	1.75	
Vepor Fremerei *C	mm Mercury	
	
.'«7
АМСР7М-177
Tritonal, 80/20
^Ч^Я1^Я|Н l«VT N мм M, WI Pre|aaNh, La» WC»h Dsrctty. gm/cc	1*T1 ChorgeWt,*	2.272 TeSei Ne. ef FrogmanM: For TNT	ГОЗ For Subnet HE	616 I lash HE. МСЫ1 ProfecNta. La» KC-E: Density, gm/cc	1.73 Chorga Wt. Ib	0.91b Total Na. of Рг«дмеа1к For TNT	51*» For Sublet HE	W5	Glow Cones Steel Cones Hob Volume HoCatfctrih
	Cahn	Grey
	Pile sly al Uaew	GP boats
	МеМмЕ of LeoNagt	Cast
	Leading BoatKyt tfm/x	1.65-1*72
Недоме» Vatecfty: ft/sec At 9 ft	2b60 At2$Hft	2380 Density, gm/cc	1*72	
	Method	Ury Hazard Class (QuantityOistonce)	dess	9 Compatibility Gruun	Group	I Exudation
Moat (laMsote TNT):	(f) Abt Peak Ргамига	110 Impube	115 Energy	119 Aif CeofhM^t Impube	ЦО UNaTste. Pooh Ргемиге	105 Impulse	118 Energy	l?-9 Peak Pressure	117 Impube	127 Energy	1#	
	Preparation; Tritonal is prepared by adding ТЭТ and alualnua aenarately to a stoaa-Jenkoted nelt kettle equipped vith a stirrer. Beating nf the kettle and nixing of the ingrediente are continued until all the THT la melted. When the viacoaity of the rixture ia conaldared satisfactory (about 85°C), the tritonal la poured into projectiles or honba the aaae aa тэт.
388
АМСР 706-177
Tritonal, 80/20
Origin;
Ite Addition of aluminum to increase the power of explosive» was proposed by Xacales in
1899 end patented by Roth in 1900 (German Patent 172,327)* Some recent studies, directed
towards establishment of the optlmua aaount of aluainua in the TRT/Aluainua system, have shown
that (1) the blast effect increases to a maximum when the aluainua content is 306 (Ref g);
the brisance, as aeasured by the Sand Teat, peaaea through a atxlaua st about 1?6 aluainua
(Ref h); in Fragaentation Testa, no aaxiaua 1s observed, additions of aluainua causing a de-
crease in efficiency over the entire range free Об to 706 aluminum (Ref 1); and (It) the rate
of detonation of east charges is continuously decrease! by additioc* of aluainua up to M)6
(Ref j). Per all practice! purposes -t is concluded that the addition of 186 to 206 aluainua
to TOT iagtrores ite performance to a aaxiaua* this conclusion is in agreement with that of
British worker* who measured performance of eluainlzed TOT-aixturee based on extensive Lead
Block Test data (Ref k).
Tritonal, consisting of 806 TOT and 206 aluainua, van developed and standardised in the
United States during World War 17 for uae in bombs.
References;8!
(e)	L. C. Sai th and В. H. tyster, Physical Testing of Explosives, Partin, Miscellaneous
Sensitivity Tests,- Performance Tests, OSRD Report Bo* 574b, ZT Decesmer 19^5*
(b)	Ibllip C. Keenan and Dorothy Pipes, Table of Military High Explosives, Second Revi-
sion, HAVORD Report Ro. 87-U6, 26 July 19**6.
(c)	D. P. MacDougall, Methods of Physical Testing, OSRD Report Ko. 803, H August 19^2*
(d)	L. C. Sai th and B. R. Walton, A Consideration of RDf/Wax Mixtures as a Substitute for
Tetryl in Boosters, MOL Memo 10,303, 15 June 19*9*
(e)	Committee of Div 2 and 8, HCRC, Report on HBX and Tritonal, OSRD to. 5>»Об, 31 July 1945*
^f) W. R. Tomlinson, jr., Blast Effects of Bomb Explosives, BA Tech Div Lecture, 9 April
(g)	W. B* Kennedy, R* F. Arentxen and C. W. Tait, Survey of the Performance of ДТ/А1 on
the Basis of Air-Blast Pressure and Impulse, OSRD Report Ho. !649, Division 2, Monthly Report
Ko. MB-6, g Janua'r>1^5.------------ -------
(h)	W. R. Ttelinson, Jr., Develop Bev Hich Explosive Filler for AP Shot, BAIR Ko. 1290,
First Progress Report, 19 May 19**3*
(i)	W. R. Tomlinson, Jr., Develop Rev High Explosive Filler for AP Shot, PAIR Bo. IJBO,
Second Progress Report, 12 January 1§M.
(j)	L* S. Wise, Effect of Aluminum on the Kate of Detonation of TOT, PAIR Ho. 1550,
26 July 19*»5*
(k)	Armament Research Dept, The Effect of Aluminum on the Pcver of Explosives, British
Report AC-6U37, May 19W» (Explosives Report
^Te' footnote 1, page 10.
38Э
АМСР 706-177
Tritonal, 8o/gp
(1)	Also see the following Plcatlnny Arsenal Technlcel Reports on Tritonal:
0	£ A £	6 J 6
1530	1693 ЙЙ 1635	1956	1737	2138
15Ю	2353	2127
2010
390
Veltex Mo. U8*
AMCP 706-177
% HMX	70.0 Nitrocellulose	(13-15% Я)	15-0 Nitroglycerin	10.7 2-8itrodipbenylainine	1.3 Triacetln	3-0 C/H Rotio	Metocohr Weight:	261
	Oxygea Belerce: CO, %	-26 CO %	-0.5
	Density: gm/cc	Pressed	1.72
	Melting Point: *C
	Freesiag Point: *C
Caiwct Sensitivity, 2 Kg Wt: bureau of Mines Apparatus, cm Sample Wt 20 mg Picotirmy Arsenal Apparatus, in. Sample Wt, mg	Boiling Point: *C
	Reflective Index, nJ l£ n?,
Friction Pendoleni Teet: Steel Shoe	Unaffected Fiber Shoe	Unaffected	Vecwnm Stability Teet: cc/40 Hrs, ot 90’C	.... 100’C	1.29 120*C 29 hours	i > 135*C 150"C
Rifle Bullet Impact Teet: Triols % Explosions Portiols Burned Unoffectod	
	200 Grem Oeseb Send Test: Send, t>m	66.4
Explosion Tempereture:	‘C Seconds, 0.1 (uc cop used) 1 5 10 15 20	*-- *<!! flan * *“* -*	 М%Вя1гну TO НЮТО^мМООе Minimum Detonating Charge, gm Mercury Fulminate	— - Lead Azide	0.30 Tetryl	----
	OaMsHc Metter, % TNT:
	Trend Teet, % TNT:
7S°C lntenMtieael fleet Teet: % Loss in <e Hrs	
	Plate Dent Teet: Method Condition Confined Density, gm/cc Brisance, % TNT
93 C fleet Test: % Loss. 1st 48 Hrs	0.28 % Loss, 2nd 48 Hrs	1-12 Explosion in 100 Hrs	None	
	Detonation Reto: Confinement Condition Chorge Diameter, in. Density, gm/cc Rote, meters/second (calculated)	3500
Flemmebility Index:	
Hygroscopicity: %	
Volatility:	
♦See footnote relieving pagt.
391
АМСР 706-177
Veltex МО. U8*
vonomon Tetryl, gm Wox, in. for 50% Detonation Wox. gm Density, gm/cc	Oxygen, otoms/soe (Z/ssc) Hoot, kilocolorie/mole UH, kcal/mol) Temperature Range, *C Phase
Nest oft Combustion, cal/gm	2359 Explosion, col/gm	1226 Gas Volume, cc/gm Formation, cal/gm Fusion, cal/gm	Armor Holo Impact Test: 66 ssm Mortar Fssfsst6st 50% Inert, Velocity, ft/sec Aluminum Fineness Plate Thickness, inches 1 14
Coaoresslon st Rupture; %	8.26 WOrk to Produce Rupture; ft-lb/lnch3	9-62	
0имЬф BfltWs cm/soe	
	Bomb Drop Tert: T7, 200Mb Semi Amur Horsing Bomb vs Centrete. Max Safe Drop, ft SfNMb General Pntpeee Bomb vs Concrete: Height, ft Trials Unaffected Law Order High Order 100Mb General Pnrpeee Bomb vs Concrete: Height, ft Trials Unaffected Law Order High Order
1И7ЯЛ WMSMVWlvyt cal/soe/cm/’C	
CetfUctarteff fapMiiMs Linear, %/’C Volume, %/*C	
Meta* Scsfle*	
E', dynss/cm*	0.2k x 10^° E, Ib/inch’	C 35 x Ю5 Density, gm/cc	
- CiKi»nuhi Strength: Ib/inch’	2720	
Vapor Prossere: *C	mm Mercury •Meme assigned by Dr. Mar- M. Jones, formerly of PA; based on original development by James H. Veltman.	
	
392
Veltex No. U8
АМСР 706-177
N м Ш, M71 ProjMtib, Let WC-F1: Dantity, gm/cc Charge Wt, £ For TNT For Subject HE 1 inch HI, M42A1 ProjMtib. Lot KC-S: Dantity, gm/cc Charge Wt, № Total He. ef FragxMc*: For TNT For Subject HE	Shaped Charge EHaaHoooess, TNT = 100: Glass Cones Steel Cones Hob Volume Hob Depth
	Color:	Orange
	Principal Uses: High enchant cal strength schlnehle explosive
	Method of Loedhsg:	Pressed
	Loading Dansby: gm/cc At 6,700 pal	1.72
Fiagaeeat Vdeckyt ft/sec At 9 ft At 25% ft Dantity, gm/cc	
	Method	Dry Hazard Class (Qjantity-Distance) Compatibility Group Exudation	None Machinability	Excellent
Blest (RatoHeo to TNT): Air: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Air, Confined: Impube Under Water: Peak Pressure Impulse Energy Peak Pressure Impulse Energy	
	
393
АМСР 706-177
Veltex No. Щ
Preparation;
The preparation of this class of explosive compositions is illustrated by ti.e metnod used
far Veltex Ho. 4U8: Place 675 cc of water in a slurry kettle equipped vith an aglt’t —. Add
5*85 gm of 2-nitrodiphenylamine and agitate for several minutes to obtain dispersion. Then
add 93«7 gm of water-wet nitrocellulose (dry weight 67-5 gm) in small portions, р-ise the
temperature to WJ°C and maintain this temperature, but continue the agitation. A mixture of
48.2 gm of nitroglycerin and 13>5 gm of triacetin Is added over a 5-mlnuto period, with the
mixing continuing for an additional 10 minutes at 48°C. The 1NX (350 gm) ic ;<-lded over a
5-minute period with agitation continued for 30 minutes at 48°C The slurry 13 cooled to
roon temperature and filtered. The filter cake is dried to a moicture content between 6% and
126* The incorporation of this mix is completed ’ rolling 50 gm portions at a temperature
of approximately 90°C* The finished coll d Is then prehested on s heat table st бо’с. In-
crements of 25 gm each are pressed at 67a, psi for four minutes at 71°C. A cylinder is then
built up by pressing together four 25 S-- increments for a dwell time of 15 minutes.
Pidgin;
Veltex is the name given to a series of closely related nitrocellulose compositions pre-
pared in 1957 at Picatinny Arsenal by the solventless process used for propellants. These
compositions all contain a high percentage of solid high explosive. They were investigated
to determinate the suitability of the Holtex type exploeive developed by Hispano Suiza of
Switzerland, France and Spain, but for which the composition was not reported (Ref s). Com-
positions similar to Veltex No. W*8 and containing 606 to 806 HMX, with either nitroglycerin
or triethyleneglycol dinitrete as colloiding agent for nitrocellulose, have also been prepared-
In general these compositions shoved lover heat stability than that of conventional high ex-
plosive compositions.
Reference;84
(a) U.S. Air Intelligence Information Report IR-269-55, Holtex--Hispano Sulza Exploeive,
4 May 1955-
^^See footnote I, page 10.
fa I., h. J HNM f.VJ РИ1М1М, OHi( r. I'-? I <>	4J<1 .WA’
394
AMCP 706-177
(AMCRD-TV)
FOR THE COMMANDER:
OFFICIAL:
Lt. R. HORNE
HColorel, GS
Chief, HQ Admin Mgt Ofc
CHARLES T. HORNER, JR.
Major General, USA
Chief of Staff
DISTRIBUTION:
Special
ENGINEERING DESIGN HANDBOOKS
Listed below ere the Handbooks which have been published or ere currently under preparation. Handbooks with publication
dates prior to I August 1962 were published as ?0-*er1es Ordnance Corps Pamphlets. AMC Circular 310-38, 19 July I М3,
^designated those publications as 706-serles лис Paaphlots (e.g., DROP 20-138 was redesignated AMCP TQi-138). A'l new.
reprinted» or revised Handbooks are being published os 7O6*sp*ies AMC Paaphlets.
no*
»tP 706-
11 tie
100	•Design Guidance for Producib! Ht*
104	«Value Engineering
106 Elements of Arms went Engineering, «art One»
Sources of Energy
107 Elements of Armament Engineering» Part Two.
Bail(sties
106 Elements of Armament Engineering. Part Three,
weapon System and Components
109 •Taolet of the Cumulative Binomial Probabilities
110 Experimental Statistics. Section 1. Bas<r Con-
cepts and Analysis of Hr**ure«iont DaU
111 Experimental Statistics. Section 2» Analysis c-
Enumeratlve and Classificatory Dau
112 Expcrl«ufiul Statistics. Section 3» Planning
and Analysis of Comparative Experiments
113	Experimental Statistics. S*ctlor 4. Special
Topics
114	Experimental Statistics. Sectiun Tables
IIS Envlronmenui Series, Part One, Basic Environ-
mental Concepts
116 ‘Environmental Serins, Part Two, Basic Environ-
menui Factors
120 ‘Criteria for Environmental Control of Nobile
Systems
>21	«‘Packaging and Pack Engineering
123	‘Hydraulic Fluids
125 Electrical wire and Cable
127	‘Infrared NPItary	Systems.	Part One
126(5)	‘Infrared Military	Systems.	Part  U)
130 Design for Air ’ransport «nd A. droj of
Nauricl
133 ‘Moir,*’neb111ty trg’-“eri»g Tnoory and Practice
134	Mr rtaln«»4Mty Guide f^r Dtb-gn
135 ln4»ntions. Patent», «nd belated Matters
136	Ser -wecMnlsm»,	Section	1.	Theory
137	Servomechanisms,	Section	2,	Measurement and
Signal Converters
136	Servomechanisms,	Section	3,	Amplification
139	Servomechan'.sms.	Section	4.	Power Elements	ang
System Design
14o Trajectories. Differential fleets, and Data
for Projectiles
145 ‘Dynamics of a Tracking Gimbal System
150 Interior Ballistics of Guns
160(5) Elements of Terminal Ballistics. Part One. oil
Mecnanisms and Vulnerability (и 1
I6I(S| Elements of Terminal Ballistics. Part Two.
Collection and Anal-s’s of Data Concerning
Targets (u)
I62(SAD) Elements of Terminal Salhsbcs, Part Throe.
Application to Missile and Spaxe Targets 'u;
165 Llouid-F11 led Projectile Design
170(C|	“Armor and Its Application (U)
175 Solid Propellants, Part One
4(C) Sol id Propellants, Part Two (lO
7	Procerties of Explosives of MiliUry Interest
176(C)	^Properties of Exp'OVvOk of Military Interest,
Section 2 (U) (REPLACED -177)
179	Explosive Trains
180	‘Principles of Explosive Behav'ir
IBS	Military Pyrotechnics.	Part	One.	Theory and
Application
164	Military Pyro*echmcs.	Part	Two.	Safety,
procedures and Glossary
|y; Military Pyrotechnics, part Three, Properties
of Materials Used m .yrotectmic Compositions
188 ‘Military Pyrotechnics, Pert Four. Design fff
Ammunition 1 r Pyrotechnic Effects
189	Mibury Pyrotechnics, Fart Five. Bibliography
190	‘Army weapon Sys tec Analysis
igi	«System Analysis and Ust-Effectiveness
195 ‘Development Guide for Reliability, Part One.
Introduction, Background, and Planning for
Army Materiel Reauiroments
196 ‘Development &Hde for Reliability. Part r«o.
Design for Reliability
«97 ‘Development Guide for Reliability, Part Three,
Reliability prediction
138 «Development Guida for Reliability, Part Four.
#eflability Measurement
199 ‘Development Guide for Reliability. Part five,
Contracting for Reliability
200 *D»velopment Guide for Reliability, Pa-- 5^,
Mathematical Appendix and Glossary
201 ‘Rotorcraft Engineering. Part jne. PreHm^'y
Design
202 •Rotorcraft Engineering, Part Two. Detail
Design
203 ‘Rotorcraft Engineering. Part three. Qualifica-
tion Assurance
205	‘Timing	Systems and Components
210	Fuzes
211(C)	Fuzes.	Proximity,	Electrical,	Par*	One (U)
2I2<S)	Fuzes,	"’reitmity,	Electrical.	Part	Two (U)
2I3(S)	Fuaes,	Proximity. Electrical,	Part Three (U)
214(S)	fu«s.	Proximity,	Electrical,	Part	Four (U)
2154/	Fuirs.	Proximity,	Electrical,	Part	Five (U)
23$	‘Hardening Weapon Systems Against	RF Energy
239(5)	‘Small Arms Ammunition fu;
2*C(S)	Grenaues (u)
24|(s/	«Lend Mines (’J,
•'*2	Design for Control Of	Projectile	Flight
Characteristics (REPLACES -2*6)
244	Aew^nltion, ^action I,	Artillery	Aaumnitlon*-
Generai, with ’able of Contents, Glossary,
and Index for Senes
245(C)	АмшпШоп, Section 2,	Design for Terminal
Effects (U)
24b ♦AawMiit’cn, Section 3, Design for Control of
Flight Characteristics (REPLACED 8* -242)
24 7 Amnuni t’on, Section 4, Design for Projection
228 •Ammnlti<->, Section 5, Inspection Aspects of
Artillery Ambition design
249 АмшлШог, Section 6, Manufacture of Metallic
Components o* Artillery Ammunition
250	Gun$--General
251	Muzzle Devices
252	Gun Tubes
255	Spectral Characteristics of	Mu;yle	Has"
2bQ	Automatic weapons
270	Propellant Actuated Devices
2B0	Design of AerodywicaDy Stabilized	Fr-e
Rockets
28l(SR0) Weapon System Ef»ect’veness	(u)
282 ♦Propulsion and P’c^el’anrs (REPLACED 8т *28$)
*8 J	Aerodynamics
284(C)	Trajectories -’ul
285	E’emants of Aircraft and	Missile	Propulsion
REPLACES -2И?'
286	Structures
2904:	Hrh*ads--Gene'al '>;
‘91	3urface-lb-Atr Missiles,	Part	One,	System
IcUgrtt’On
292	uce-to-Air iles. Part Two, weapon
Control
29J	Surface-to-Air missiles. Part Three. CompuUrs
294,$)	Surfpre-to-Air Missiles, Part Four, Missile
Armameri t ' у ’
295'$) Surface-to-4'r M titles. ₽art «i«, Co-nter
«measures
296 Surface-to-Air miss lies, ®tirt Structure:
and Рсл<ц Sources
2*»7;$)	Sur*ace-U-Air hiss-les. ₽*r| Sever, Sample
Proci** I о)
)/’	firr Cor.t*bl	5yste«H--General
J29	F-*e Luntrol	Сотри*mg Systems
y\i	Compensating
JJSlSRC) ‘Det’(P E -1 nears’ fU-dear Effects Manual,
volume I, Munitions and weapon S.s* 'O’;
336(SRD; ‘Dt-iigr. Engineer 4wtlear Effects Manual,
tpium» II, EUcTHjric }»s!ems and i ogiiTicai
Systems (U)
337'SRD) *Des> Ш Engineers hud«ar Effects Ha«ua’
•olume HI, huclear Environment ;u)
3Jet SRC' ‘Desid* Engined’ s' hue Tear (< ectt Manual.
Уа1цм* |y, Nudeer i*4<ts 'u:
i4u Carriages a*>d Mounts--Genera‘
34i	Cradles
342	Recoil Systems
J43	To' Cer/»oges
344	te. о* Carrtages
345	touli U'dtors
346	Elevating >tocnanis*s
34J	Traversing Me<h*n;
360	wheeled Ampniciani
35f.	Autoaet've Atimuti!/
356	Automotive ksponsiivs
35/	AyUeetive Bodies an»-
•UNDER PREPAKATlOH--not jval’abie
♦OBSDLETE-.Qut о» stock
••REVISION UNDtt PREPARATION