ǫǨȀǰȀ
ǹȉȖȘȕȐȒ
Salamandra P.V.V.

ǫȈȠȐȠ ǹȉȖȘȕȐȒ. ǹȖșȚ Ȑ ȗȘȐȔ Ǩ ȀȍȘȔȈȕȈ ǰȓȓ ǫ ǯȐ-
ȉȍȘȚȈ Ȑ Ǵ. ǩȓȍȑȕȈ – ǩ Ȕ Salamandra P.V.V., 2017. – 274 ș.,
Ȑȓȓ
Ǫ șȉȖȘȕȐȒ ȊȖȠȓȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȍȑ Ȑ ȗȖȥȚȖȊ XIX ȊȍȒȈ
ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȍ ȋȈȠȐȠț – ȕȍȘȍȌȒȖ ȊȖșȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȊȠȍȔțșȧ Ȋ Țȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ
ȒȈȒ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ ȘȖȔȈȕȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȖȘȐȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȑ Ǩ ǬȦȔȈ Ǯ Ȍȍ
ǵȍȘȊȈȓȤ Ǻ ǫȖȚȤȍ Ȑ Ȁ ǩȖȌȓȍȘ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȒȘțȋ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚȖȘȖȊ ȊȝȖ-
ȌȐȊȠȐȝ Ȋ ȗȈȘȐȎșȒȐȑ ©Dzȓțȉ ȋȈȠȐȠȐșȚȖȊª ǺȈȒȎȍ Ȋ ȒȕȐȋȍ – ȊȖș-
ȚȖȟȕȈȧ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȧ ȈȊșȚȘȐȑȞȈ Ǽ dzȍȔȔȍȘȔȈțȥȘȈ ©ǫȈȠȐȠª ȖȌȕȖȐȔȍȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȗȖȥȔȈ Ǩ ǫȖȓȍȕȐȡȍȊȈ-DzțȚțȏȖȊȈ Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ Ƿ ǫȕȍȌȐȟȈ Ǫ ȗȘȐȓȖ-
ȎȍȕȐȧȝ – ȖȚȟȍȚȣ ȘțșșȒȐȝ ȔȍȌȐȒȖȊ șȚȈȊȐȊȠȐȝ ȕȈ șȍȉȍ ȖȗȣȚȣ ȗȖ
țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȦ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ
© Authors, translators, 2017
© Ǩ. Sherman, cȖșȚȈȊ ȗȘȐȔȍȟȈȕȐȧ 2017
© Salamandra P.V.V., ȗȖȌȋ ȚȍȒșȚȖȊ ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȍ, 2017

Ǻȣ ȒțȘȧ ȗȈȗȐȘȖșț ș ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ
ǷȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓȈ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ —
Ƕ ȖȚȕȣȕȍ ș ȚȖȉȖȦ Ȕȣ ȌȣȠȐȔ
ȅȚȐȔ șȕȖȔ ȥȚȐȔ ȔȐȋȖȔ ȐȏȊȕȍ
ǫȖȓțȉȣȍ ȌțȠȐșȚȣȍ șȚȘțȑȒȐ
ǵȈș Ȋ ȌțȘȔȈȕ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊȖȊȓȍȒȓȐ
ǻȗȖȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȏȔȍȍȒ ȟȍȠțȑȒȐ
ǰ ȉȈȕȈȕȣ Ȋ ȓȐȈȕȈȝ ȊȌȈȓȐ
ǰ. ǹȍȊȍȘȧȕȐȕ

Ǯ DzȬȚȎ
Ƕȕ ȞȜȚȎțȎ
©DZǾǮȂ ǺǼǻȀdz-ǸǾǶǿȀǼª

8
ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ țȎȐȕ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓșȧ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ Ȗȕ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ
ȉȣȓ ȗȖȌȈȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȓȧ ǼȘȈȕȞȈ ȐȉȖ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ ȍȌȊȈ ȗȘȐ-
ȚȘȖȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȖȔț ȗȐȘȠȍșȚȊț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ Ȗȕ țșȚȘȖȐȓ Ȍȓȧ
ȕȍȎȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȋȖșȚȧ Ȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȚȖȚ țșȍȘȌȕȖ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȓ ȌȖȓȎ-
ȕȖȍǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ǨȓȐ ȗȘȐȕȍș ȌȍșȍȘȚ ȐȓȐ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ șȕȧȓ ȒȖȘȏȐ-
ȕȣ șȖ șȚȈȚțȑ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȕȈ șȚȖȓ
ǴȍȎȌț ȒȖȘȏȐȕȈȔȐ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȏȖȓȖȟȍȕțȦ
ȟȈȠț ș ȒȘȣȠȒȖȑ
ǷȖȟȚȍȕȐȍ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ǨȓȐ ȗȘȐȕȍș ȥȚț ȟȈȠț ȊȖȏȉțȌȐȓȖ
ȊȖ ǼȘȈȕȞȍ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖ Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȒȘȣȠȒț Ȑ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȏȍȓȍ-
ȕȖȊȈȚȖȍ ȚȍșȚȖ ȗȖ ȊȐȌț ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȊȠȍȍ ȠȍȘȉȍȚ ȕȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȍȔț ȕȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȍ
Ƕȕ Ȋ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȕȐȐ șȕȖȊȈ ȏȈȒȘȣȓ ȟȈȠț Ȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȊ ȕȈ ȝȖ-
ȏȧȐȕȈ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȚ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȖ țȓȣȉȈȍȚșȧ
— Ǫȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȟȈȠȍ Ȑ ȊȈș ȘȈȏ-
ȉȐȘȈȍȚ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖ"
— ǬȈ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȦșȤ
— ȅȚȖȚ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȠȍȘȉȍȚ — ȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȐȕȖȍ ȒȈȒ ȈȔȊȘȖȏȐȧ
ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ǫȍȉȈ ȗȖȌȈȊȈȓȈ ȕȈ șȚȖȓ ȆȗȐȚȍȘț
— ǵȖ ȥȚȈ ȈȔȊȘȖȏȐȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǼȘȈȕȞ — ȗȖȉȣȊȈȊ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ
ȓȦȌȍȑ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȗȘȖȔȍȕȧȓȈ șȊȖȍ ȕȍȉȍșȕȖȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȏȍȔ-
ȕȖȍ" DzȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȥȚȖ șȕȈȌȖȉȤȍ Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȧ
ȕȍ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȔ ȧȏȣȒȍ"
— ǪȖȚ ȕȍȖȗȘȖȊȍȘȎȐȔȖȍ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȔȈȚȍ-
ȘȐȈȓȐȏȔȈ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ǹȐȕȌȉȈȌ — DzȈȒ ȟȈșȚȖ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȔ
Ȕȣ ȔȐȔȖ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȊ ȕȈ
ȕȍȋȖ Ȉ ȍșȓȐ Ȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȕȍȔ ȚȖ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȍȔ ȍȋȖ ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ Ȑ ȊȈȠ ȒțȔȐȘ —ȏȖȓȖȚȖ ȊȒțșȐȚȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȠȍȘ-
ȉȍȚȈ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȈȔȐ ȖȚȒȘȖȦȚșȧ ȘȖșșȣȗȐ ǷȍȘț ǫțȏȍȘȈȚȈ Ȑ
ǫȖȓȒȖȕȌȣ ȍșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȥȚ — ȊȒțșȐȚȍ
ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȣ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖȋȖ ȐșȟȍȏȕțȚ ȉȍșȗȘȍȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȌȈȓȐ
ȖȚȒȘȖȦȚșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȈȔȐ Ȋȣ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȉȓțȎȌȈȚȤ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȑ șȍȘȌ-
ȞȍȔ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȑ ȌțȠȖȦ Ȋ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȝ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȈȝ ȔȍȟȚȣ ǭș-
ȓȐ Ȋȣ ȟȍșȚȖȓȦȉȐȊȣ ȋȖȕȐȚȍșȤ ȏȈ ȏȍȔȕȣȔ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȍȔ — ȊȒț-
șȐȚȍ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȟȈș Ȋȣ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȊȓȈșȚȍȓȐȕȖȔ — ȕȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȣ Ȋ țȋȖȓȒȍ ǭȊȘȖȗȣ ȒȈȒ ǨȕȋȓȐȧ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȧ ȐȓȐ ǰș-
ȗȈȕȐȧ Ȉ ȊȓȈșȚȍȓȐȕȖȔ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȊȓȈșȚȍȓȐȕȖȔ ȔȐȘȈ ȊȓȈșȚȍȓȐ-

9
ȕȖȔ ȊșȍȓȍȕȕȖȑ ǺȘȖȗ ȊȈȠ ȉțȌȍȚ șȚȖȧȚȤ ȕȈ ȚȖȑ ȋȖȘȍ ȕȈ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘțȦ ǹȈȚȈȕȈ ȊȖȏȊȍȓ ǰȐșțșȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȧȧșȤ ȉȓțȌț ȕȍ ȓȖ-
ȉȣȏȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȋȚȍȑ Ȋȣ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȊȍȘȝȖȊȕȣȔ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȍȔ Ȋșȍȝ
ȏȍȔȕȣȝ ȞȈȘșȚȊ ǹȖȋȓȈșȐȚȍșȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȚȍȔ
ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȚȖ Ȍȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ
ǹ ȥȚȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȒȘȣȠȒț ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȏȖȓȖȟȍ-
ȕȖȑ ȟȈȠȐ Ȋȏȧȓ ȒȖȜȍȑȕȖȑ ȓȖȎȍȟȒȖȑ ȒțșȖȟȍȒ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȖȋȖ
ȠȍȘȉȍȚȈ ȗȖȌȕȍș ȍȋȖ ȒȖ ȘȚț Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȓ ȗȖȓțȏȈ-
ȒȘȣȊ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȏȈȒȐȕțȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț
ǼȘȈȕȞ ȕȍ ȔȍȠȈȓ șȊȖȍȔț ȝȖȏȧȐȕț ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȚȤșȧ ȓȦȉȐ-
ȔȣȔ ȓȈȒȖȔșȚȊȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȚȖȚ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȋ șȍȉȧ Ȗȕ
șȗȘȖșȐȓ
— ǵȖ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ ȏȈ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȖȍ ȒțȠȈȕȤȍ"
— ǹȓȣȝȈȓȐ Ȋȣ Ȗ ǫȖȘȕȖȔ ǹȚȈȘȞȍ — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ — Ȗ
ȚȖȔ șȈȔȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȝȖȚȍȓ țȉȐȚȤ ǼȐȓȐȗȗȈ ǨȊȋțșȚȈ"
— ǸȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ
— ǪȈȔ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȊȓȈȌȍȓ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȖȑ ȌȖȓȐȕȖȑ ț
ȗȖȌȕȖȎȐȧ ȋȖȘȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȗȕ ȖȉȧȏȈȕ șȊȖȐȔ ȗȖȥȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȗȘȖ-
ȏȊȐȡȍȔ Ǫ ȥȚȖȑ ȌȖȓȐȕȍ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȓȐșȤ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȣȍ șȈȌȣ
ȕȈșȈȎȌȍȕȕȣȍ ǽȈșȈȕȖȔ-Ȑȉȕ-ǹȈȉȉȈ Ȉ Ȋ șȈȌȈȝ ȉȣȓȐ țȍȌȐȕȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȉȍșȍȌȒȐ Ǫ ȥȚȐ ȉȍșȍȌȒȐ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȈȓ ȐȏȉȘȈȕȕȣȝ Ȑ țȋȖ-
ȡȈȓ Ȑȝ ȗȖ șȓȖȊȈȔ ǴȈȘȒȖ ǷȖȓȖ ȕȍȒȖȍȑ ȚȘȈȊȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȕȖșȐȓȈ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȥȌȍȔ ȋȌȍ Ȑȝ ȎȌȈȓȐ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȞȊȍȚțȡȐȍ ȘȈșȚȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȊȍȟȕȖ șȗȍȓȣȍ ȗȓȖȌȣ ȊȍȟȕȖ Ȧȕȣȍ ȌȍȊȣ ǺȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȐ
șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȍ ȦȕȖȠȐ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȐ ȏȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȉȣȓȈ
ȔȍȟȚȈ ȕȖ ȔȍȟȚȈ ȚȈȒȈȧ șȓȈȌȖșȚȕȈȧ ȚȈȒȈȧ țȗȖȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȚȈ-
ȒȈȧ șȚȘȈșȚȕȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȏȈ ȕȍȍ ȌțȠț Ȑ ȚȍȓȖ ȚȖȔț
ȒȚȖ ȍȍ ȌȈȘȐȓ ȐȔ ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȍȔț ȒȈȒ ȉȖȋț ȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȑ
șȊȍȚȈ țȉȐȊȈȚȤ țȒȈȏȈȕȕțȦ ȐȔ ȎȍȘȚȊț Ȑ ȉȍȏȘȖȗȖȚȕȖ țȔȐȘȈȓȐ
ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ Ȋ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȍ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌ Ȓ
ȚȖȑ ȉȓȈȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȐȔ șțȓȐȓȈ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȈȧ ȚȘȈ-
ȊȈ
— ǺȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȋȈȠȐȠ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ǼȘȈȕȞ — ȇ șȓȣȝȈȓ Ȗ
ȕȍȔ
— ǪȖȚ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȣȑ ǨȓȈȌȌȐȕ ȥȚȖ ȋȈȠȐȠ șȈȔȣȑ
ȓțȟȠȐȑ șȈȔȣȑ ȟȐșȚȣȑ ȈȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȐȑșȒȐȑ ȋȈȠȐȠ ȖȚ Ǩȉț-
ȋȖȘȈ ȕȍșȘȈȊȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȈșȚȍȘȈ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț
șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȉȣ ȊȣșȚȘȖȐȚȤ ȌȊȖȘȍȞ ș ȕȈȌȗȐșȤȦ «ǷȘȖȌȈȊȞț șȟȈ-

10
șȚȤȧ — ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȖ».
— Ǩ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǼȘȈȕȞ — Ȕȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ șȈȔȖȔț
țȉȍȌȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖșȚȐ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȗȖȝȊȈȓ
— ǹțȌȐȚȍ șȈȔȐ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȋȖșȚȤ șțȌȐȚȍ șȈȔȐ ȕȖ ȕȍ Ȗș-
ȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȑȚȍșȤ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ ȖȗȣȚȍ ǿțȊșȚȊȈ ȕȈȌȖ ȗȘȐțȟȈȚȤ ȒȖ
ȊșȧȒȖȔț ȕȖȊȖȔț ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȦ ȕȍȎȕȖȔț ȐȓȐ ȖșȚȘȖȔț ȗȍ-
ȟȈȓȤȕȖȔț ȐȓȐ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖȔț ǷȘȐȘȖȌȈ ȉȖȘȍȚșȧ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȥȚȖȑ
ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȚȘȈȊȣ ȐȉȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ șȖȏȌȈȕȈ Ȍȓȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ Ȑ Ȟȍ-
ȗȓȧȍȚșȧ ȏȈ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ ǵțȎȕȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȉȍȎȌȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȈ
ȗȈȓȈ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȗȖșȓȍ-
ȌȖȊȈȓȈ ȏȈ ȔȍȟȚȖȑ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȔȍȟȚȈ ȉȍȘȍȚ ȊȍȘȝ ȔȍȟȚȈ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚ-
șȧ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ Ȉ ȎȐȏȕȤ — ȔȍȟȚȖȦ ǵȖ șȒȖȓȤ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣ ȥȚȐ ȗȘȍ-
ȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ ǹȘȈȊȕȐȊ ȋȖȘȍșȚȐ ȗȖȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ș ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍ-
ȕȐȧȔȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȈȍȔȖȑ Ȋȣ ȖȚȊȍȘȕȍȚȍșȤ ȖȚ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ
ȗȘȍȌȈȌȐȚȍșȤ ȊȍȟȕȖȑ ȔȍȟȚȍ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ ȗȖȒȐȕȍȚȍ ȊȈȠ șȖȉșȚ-
Ȋȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȐȘ Ȍȓȧ ȔȐȘȈ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȊȈȔ ȗȖȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ șȔȍ-
ȕȐȓȐ ȕȍȈȗȖȓȐȚȈȕșȒțȦ Ȋȍșȕț ȕȈ ȓȈȗȓȈȕȌșȒțȦ ȏȐȔț ǪȈȔ ȗȖ-
ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ șȗțșȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȑȏ ȘȈȧ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ș ȕȍȉȈ Ȋ ȈȌ
ǶȚȊȍȌȈȑȚȍ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȋȖșȚȤ ȖȚȊȍȌȈȑȚȍ
ǪȔȍșȚȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ ǼȘȈȕȞ Ȋȏȧȓ ȓȖȎȒț ȕȈȉȘȈȓ ȟțȌȍșȕȖȋȖ ȠȍȘ-
ȉȍȚȈ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȏȍ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋȏȧȓ șȈȔ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȍș ȒȖ ȘȚț
— ǿȍȘȚ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȊ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ
șȕȈȌȖȉȤȍ — ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣ ȉțȌțȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌșȚ-
ȊȐȧ ȗȖ ȥȚȖ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȊȒțșȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ țȊȍȘȧȍȚȍ
— ǷȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȊȈȠȍ ȕȨȉȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȖȘȖȊȐȓȖșȤ Ȓ ȕȍ-
ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȔț ȊȒțșț ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȈ ǹȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȊȈȔ ș
ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȈ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ țșȚȘȐȞȣ ȟȈȑ ȗȖȘȚȍȘ ȚȘȦȜȍȓȐ
Ȋșȍ ȚȖ Ȓ ȟȍȔț Ȋȣ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȘȐșȚȘȈșȚȐȓȐșȤ" ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȋȣ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍ-
Țȍ ȘȐȔȓȧȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȐȗȘȈȊȓȧȓȐ ȜȈȏȈȕȖȊ ȈșșȖȑ-ȜȍȚȐȌȖȑ
Ȑ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȍȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȍȌȧȚ ȓȈșȚȖȟȒȐȕȣ ȋȕȍȏȌȈ" ǸȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ
ȕȍȚ ǺȖ Ȏȍ Ȑ ș ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ ǷȖȚȍȘȗȐȚȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ Ȑ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȌȘțȋȖȍ
Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ ȕȍ șȘȈȊȕȐȚșȧ Ȍȓȧ ȊȈș ș ȕȐȔ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȉȣ ȉȍȏȊȒțșȕȣȔ Ȑ
ȗȘȍșȕȣȔ Ȗȕ ȕȐ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȊȈȔ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȗȍȘȍȑȌȍȔ Ȋ
ȌȘțȋțȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț Ȋ ȊȈȠț ǨȓȐ ȗȖȌȈșȚ ȕȈȔ ȚȘțȉȒȐ Ȑ ȒȖȜȍ
ǶȕȐ ȊșȚȈȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈ ȚȖȚ ȒȚȖ ȕȈȏȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ǹȐȕȌȉȈȌȖȔ Ȑ
ȒȖȋȖ Ȕȣ ȚȖȎȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȕȈȌȍȓȧȓȐ ȥȚȐȔ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȒȈȒ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȓ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ șȓț-
ȋȍ ǼȘȈȕȞ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ șȖșȍȌȕȦȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț

11
ǻȉȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ȍȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȖȡȍ ȕȖ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȉȖȋȈȚȖ ǶȕȈ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȒȘțȋȓȈȧ Ȑ ȍȍ ȊșȦ ȖȗȖȧșȣȊȈȓ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȌȐ-
ȊȈȕ ǵȖ ȌȐȊȈȕ șȚȍȕȣ ȗȖȚȖȓȖȒ Ȑ ȗȖȓ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣ ȌȘȈȋȖ-
ȞȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȔȍȝȈȔȐ ȔȧȋȒȐȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍȎȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȒ șȈȔȣȑ ȗțȠȐ-
șȚȣȑ ȒȖȊȍȘ ȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȠȒțȘȣ ȈȜȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȝ ȓȤȊȖȊ ș ȊȍȓȐȟȍ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȘȐȊȈȔȐ ȗȖȓȖșȈȚȣȝ ȉȍȕȋȈȓȤșȒȐȝ ȚȐȋȘȖȊ ȠȒț-
Șȣ ȒȈȗșȒȐȝ ȗȈȕȚȍȘ Ȋ ȧȘȒȐȝ ȗȧȚȕȈȝ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȚȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ
țȊȐȌȍȓ ǬȈȕȚȍ ȠȒțȘȣ șȐȉȐȘșȒȐȝ ȔȍȌȊȍȌȍȑ Ȑ ȕȖȘȊȍȎșȒȐȝ
ȓȐșȐȞ — ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȣ ȖȌȕȈ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋțȦ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȖșȤ ȉțȌȚȖ șȚțȗȈȍȠȤ ȗȖ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȚȘȈȊȍ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȒȖȐȠȤșȧ ȕȈ
ȗțȝȖȊȖȑ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ
ǫȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ ȓȍȋȓȐ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕ ȟțȉțȒȐ ȎȈșȔȐȕȖȊȖȋȖ
ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ș ȧȕȚȈȘȕȣȔȐ ȔțȕȌȠȚțȒȈȔȐ ȉȣȓȐ ț ȕȐȝ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒȖȑ
țȎȍ ȕȈȉȐȚȣȍ ȚȈȉȈȒȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȕȈȉȐȊȈȚȤ ȌȊȈ ȘȈȏȈ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑ
ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ǶȕȐ ȊȏȧȓȐ ȗȖ ȚȘțȉȒȍ ǨȓȐ ȗȖȌȈȓ Ȗȋȕȧ Ȑ țȠȍȓ ȏȈ
ȒȖȜȍ
ǵȈșȚțȗȐȓȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ ǹȐȕȌȉȈȌ ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȌțȔȣ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉȍșȍȌȣ
Ȉ ǼȘȈȕȞ ȗȘȍȌȈȓșȧ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȔ ȋȘȍȏȈȔ ȟȚȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȖșȍȡȈȦȚ
ȒțȘȐȓȤȡȐȒȈ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȋȖ ȚȈȉȈȒȈ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȌȣȔȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȖȚ-
ȓȍȚȈȦȚ Ȋșȍ șȒȖȘȉȕȣȍ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȑ ȌțȠȈ ȕȈșȍȓȧȍȚșȧ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȣ-
ȔȐ șȕȈȔȐ
ǨȓȐ ȗȘȐȕȍș ȒȖȜȍ
— DzȈȒ Ȋȣ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȐȚȈȍȚȍ — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ — ȗȖ-
ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐ ȐȓȐ ȗȖ-ȚțȘȍȞȒȐ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȑ ȐȓȐ șȓȈȉȣȑ ș șȈȝȈ-
ȘȖȔ ȐȓȐ ȉȍȏ șȈȝȈȘȈ ȕȈșȚȖȧȊȠȐȑșȧ ȐȓȐ ȒȐȗȧȟȍȕȣȑ" ǪȣȉȐ-
ȘȈȑȚȍ ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ ȓȦȉȖȑ
— ȇ ȉțȌț ȗȐȚȤ ȗȖ-ȚțȘȍȞȒȐ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓ ǼȘȈȕȞ
— ǰ Ȋȣ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȈȊȣ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ — ȥȚȖ ȗȖ-
ȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ț ȊȈș ȍșȚȤ șȒȓȖȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȓ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ǩȝ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ țȔȍȦȚ ȎȐȚȤ ǿȚȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ Ȕȍȕȧ — ȗȘȐ-
ȉȈȊȐȓ Ȗȕ șȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȍ țȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ǼȘȈȕ-
ȞȈ — ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȖȒȖȕȟț șȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȌȍȓȈȔȐ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ ȧ ȗȖȍȌț
ȌȖȎȐȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȑ ȊȍȒ ȕȈ ǪȖșȚȖȒ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȊȈȔ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȈ-
ȊȍșȚȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȖ ȊȈȔ ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȐșȒȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ DzȈȐȘȍ Ȋ ǩȈȋ-
ȌȈȌȍ ȐȓȐ Ȋ ǰșȜȈȋȈȕȍ
— ȅȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȚȘțȌȕȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǼȘȈȕȞ — ȗȖȚȖȔț
ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȉțȌȚȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȘȈșȚțȚ ȖȘȓȐȕȣȍ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ Ȑ ȕȈ

12
ȕȐȝ ȧ Ȗȉȓȍȟț ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ Ȋ ȖȌȕȐ șțȚȒȐ
— ǨȋȈ ȅȚȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȍȚ ȋȈȠȐȠ ǺȈȒ ȘȈșȗȘȈȊȤȚȍ Ȏȍ șȊȖȐ
ȒȘȣȓȤȧ Ȑ țȕȖșȐȚȍșȤ Ȋ ȕȈȌȏȍȔȕȣȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ ȕȍ ȉȖȑȚȍșȤ
ȊȈș ȖȝȘȈȕȧȦȚ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȊȈȠȐ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ ȒȈȒ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ ǰȒȈȘȈ ȘȈș-
ȚȈȦȚ ȖȚ ȎȋțȟȍȋȖ șȖȓȕȞȈ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȔȍȔ ȊȈș Ȋ ȕȈȠȐ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧ
Ƕȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ ǨȓȐ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȊ ȗȖ-ȈȘȈȉșȒȐ ȚȖȚ ȗȖȒȓȖ-
ȕȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍȓ
ǼȘȈȕȞ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ș ȕȐȔ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȍ-
ȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ Ǫșȧ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȤ ȕȈȒȖȗȐȊȠȈȧșȧ ȏȈ ȌȍȕȤ Ȋșȧ ȚȘȍȊȖ-
ȋȈ ȊȣȏȊȈȕȕȈȧ șȖȉȣȚȐȧȔȐ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ țȓȍȚțȟȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ Ȋ Țț
ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț ȖȚȌȣȝȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȖȌȘșȚȊțȍȠȤ
ȟȚȖ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȠȤ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȍȕȐȍ șȕȈ ǭȋȖ ȚȍȓȖ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȓȖ ȉȍș-
ȗȓȖȚȕțȦ ȓȍȋȒȖșȚȤ ȔȣșȓȐ ȕȍȊȣȘȈȏȐȔȖ ȗȘȖșȊȍȚȓȍȓȐ ȟțȊșȚ-
ȊȈ ȊȌȊȖȑȕȍ ȖȉȖșȚȘȐȓȐșȤ ǫȖȘȐȏȖȕȚ ȍȋȖ Ȋșȍ ȘȈșȠȐȘȧȓșȧ ȕȖ
ȕȍ ȚȖȚ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȑ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȈȧȊț Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȔ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ șȔțȚȕțȦ țȋȘȖȏț Ȉ ȋȖȓțȉȖȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȏȘȈȟȕȣȑ, ȕȍȖȉȖȏȘȐȔȣȑ Ȋ ȓȈȏțȘȐ ȔȖȘȧ Ȋ ȉȓȍșȒȍ șȖȓȕȞȈ Ȋ
ȉȓȈȋȖțȝȈȕȐȐ ȊȍȚȘȈ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȌ ȏȊțȒȐ ȗȍșȍȕ șȊȖȐȝ ȔȈȚȘȖ-
șȖȊ ȏȊțȒȐ șȚȖȓȤ ȟȐșȚȣȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȍ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ șȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ
ȉȣ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȔȍȓȖȌȐȦ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ țȌȈȓȖșȤ Ȑȝ ȏȈȗȐșȈȚȤ
Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȊșȚȈȍȚ ȖșȚȘȖȊ ǴȖȕȚȍ-DzȘȐșȚȖ ȕȖ
ȕȍ ȋȘȖȏȕȣȔ țȚȍșȖȔ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȕȈȝ Ȉ ȖȈȏȐșȖȔ Ȋ ȗțșȚȣȕȍ ȟȍȔ
ȉȓȐȎȍ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȓȖȌȒȈ ȚȍȔ ȠȐȘȍ ȘȈȏȓȐȊȈȓȖșȤ ȗȍȕȐȍ ȐȉȖ
ș ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ Ȓ ȕȍȉȍșȈȔ ȕȍșȓȈșȤ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ Ȑ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȈȧ Ȕȍ-
ȓȖȌȐȧ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȕȍȒȈȧ dzȖȘȍȓȍȧ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȏȈȊȓȍȟȤ ȘȣȉȈȒȈ ȐȓȐ
ȟȈȘȖȌȍȑ ǨȔȜȐȖȕ — ȊȖȏȌȊȐȋȕțȚȤ ȚȈȔ ȋȖȘȖȌ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȓȖȌȒȈ ȒȖșȕțȓȈșȤ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȕȖ ȉȍȏ țșȐȓȐȑ ȉȍȏ ȚȖȓ-
ȟȒȈ ȒȈȒ ȋțȉȣ ȗȘȐȒȈșȈȦȚșȧ Ȓ ȋțȉȈȔ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȗȍȡȍȘț Ȉ
ȟȈȘțȦȡȈȧ ȔțȏȣȒȈ Ȋșȍ ȕȍ țȔȖȓȒȈȓȈ Ƕȕ șȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȐȓȐ ȊȍȘ-
ȕȍȍ ȍȔț ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȗțșȒȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖ șȚțȗȍȕȧȔ ȊȌȣȝȈȧ
șȊȍȎȐȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȊȖȕȕȣȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȑ ȚȖȔț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
Ȋȍȧȓ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȋȘȖȚȈ ǾȐȘȞȍȐ ȕȈȗȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȉȓȈȋȖțȝȈȕȐȍȔ,
ȟȚȖ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȌțȠȈ ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȧȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȔȍȟȚȈȕȐȧȝ ȕȈșȣȡȍȕȕȣȑ
ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȋȕȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȘȈșȗȈȓȧȦȚșȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ Ȑ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ
Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ș ȕȐȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȧȊț ȕȈȟȐȕȈȧ ș ǹȐȕȌȉȈȌȈ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȜȈȕ-
ȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ ȌȖ ǨȓȐ ȕȍȔȖȋȖ ȗȘȐșȓțȎȕȐȒȈ ȗȖȚȖȔ
Ȋșȍ șȔȍȠȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȐșȟȍȏȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȚȍȕȐ Ȋ ȋȈșȕțȡȍȔ
ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȖȔ ȜȖȕȈȘȍ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȏȈȓȍ șȖ șȚȈȚțȧȔȐ ȖșȊȍ-

ȡȍȕȕȖȑ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ Țȍȝ ȚțșȒȓȣȝ șȊȍȚȐȓȤȕȐȒȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ț ȌȘȍȊ-
ȕȐȝ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȓȐ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ șȖȕ ȐȓȐ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍ
ǺȖ ȉȣȓȐ Țȍ Ȏȍ șȚȈȚțȐ ș ȗȣȠȕȣȔȐ ȜȖȘȔȈȔȐ șȓȈȌȖșȚ-
ȘȈșȚȕȣȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖ ȕȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȓȕȣȍ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ ș ȔȈȋȕȍȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ
ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ș șȖȉȓȈȏȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ș ȗȣȠȕȣȔȐ ȒțȌȘȧ-
ȔȐ ǺȖ ȉȣȓȐ ǼȘȐȕȈ DzȓȍȖȗȈȚȘȈ ǴȍșșȈȓȐȕȈ ȚȘȐ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȍ
ȒțȘȚȐȏȈȕȒȐ Ȑ șȘȍȌȐ ȥȚȐȝ ȉȍșșȚȣȌȕȣȝ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȑ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ
ȟȐșȚȖȔț ȓțȟț ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ Ȉȕȋȍȓț ȕȈ ȧȏȣȟȍșȒȖȔ ǶȓȐȔȗȍ ȊȖȏ-
ȕȐȒȓȖ ȞȍȓȖȔțȌȘȍȕȕȖȍ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȍ șȊȍȚȓȣȑ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ șȚȣȌȓȐ-
ȊȖ ȗȘȧȟțȡȐȑ ȖȚ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȕȣȝ ȘȈșȗțȚȕȐȞ șȊȖȍ ȌȍȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ
ȟȍȓȖ
ǰ ȊȖȚ Ȋșȍ ȚȘȐ șȚȈȚțȐ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖȔ ȊȖȎ-
ȌȍȓȍȕȐȐ Ȓ ȖȌȕȖȔț ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȔț Ȑ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȑ
ȉȣȓ Ȗȕ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȓȖȎț Ȋ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȝ ȕȐșȗȈ-
ȌȈȦȡȐȝ ȌȖ ȕȖȋ ȉȍȓȣȝ ȚțȕȐȒȈȝ ș ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȍȘșȧȔȐ Ȋ
ȊȖȓȕȈȝ ȘȈșȗțȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȖș ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȗȖȏȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
șȖȉȓȈȏȕȧȓȐ ȉȖȋȖȊ ȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ țșȚȖȧȓȐ șȊȧȚȣȍ ȖȕȐ
ȊȏȐȘȈȦȚ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȚȍȔ ȕȍțȔȖȓȐȔȣȔ Ȋ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȏȖȘȖȔ
ȒȈȒȐȔ ȋȓȧȌȐȚ ȕȈ ȗȚȐȞț ȏȔȍȧ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ șȐȓ ȗȘȖȚȐ-
ȊȐȚȤșȧ ȥȚȐȔ ȊȏȖȘȈȔ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȒȈȒ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȍ Ȑ șȓȈȌȖșȚ-
ȕȣȔ ȒȈȒ ȓȖȉȏȈȕȐȍ ǼȘȈȕȞ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȈȧ ȊȖȒ-
Șțȋ șȍȉȧ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ șȔțȚȕȖ ȊȐȌȐȚ șȚȣȌȓȐȊțȦ șȚȈȚțȦ,
ȏȈȒțȚȈȕȕțȦ Ȋ șȊȖȍ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȖ Ȑ ȊȖȚ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȖȔȒȕțȓȐșȤ
Ȍȓȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȉ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓȐșȤ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȔȣș-
ȓȐȔȣȝ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȑ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȕȈșȚȈȓȖ ȕȍșȒȖȕȟȈȍȔȖȍ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȕȍțșȚȈȕȕȈȧ
șȚȘȈșȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȗȘȖȘȖȒ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȐȏȉȘȈȕȕȐȒȈȔ ǴȘȈ-
ȔȖȘȕȣȍ țșȚȈ ȖȎȐȓȐ ȗȍȘșȐ ȗȖȚȍȗȓȍȓȐ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ǼȘȈȕȞȈ ȊȗȍȘ-
Ȋȣȍ ȖȚȌȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȊȖ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ șȚȘȈșȚȤ șȚȈȓȈ ȔțȒȖȑ
ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍ — ȗȣȚȒȖȑ Ȗȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȝȖȘȈ-
ȌȖȟȕȣȔ ȋțȉȈȔ ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȦȚșȧ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȕȣȍ ȋțȉȣ țȗȘțȋȐȍ Ȑ
ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ ȒȈȒ ȒȖȓȤȞȈ ȏȔȍȐ ȕȖ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ ȘțȒȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȣ-
ȚȈȓȐșȤ ȖȚȚȖȓȒȕțȚȤ ȥȚț ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕțȦ șȚȘȈșȚȤ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ȍȋȖ
ȗȖȒȖȘȧȓȐșȤ ȖȉȈȧȕȐȦ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȕȈ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖșȓȍ
ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȕȍ ȎȈȓȤ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ ȌțȠț Ȗȕ țȗȈȓ ȕȈȊȏ-
ȕȐȟȤ ȏȈȌȣȝȈȧșȤ ȖȉȍșșȐȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȐȏȕȍȔȖȋȈȧ ȖȚ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȧ,
ȖȚȌȈȊȈȧșȤ ȗȖȞȍȓțȧȔ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȕȣȝ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȐȞ Ȑ ȟȈȘȖȌȍȑșȚȊț
ȐșșȚțȗȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȕȈ

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Ƕȕ ©ǶȟȠȜȞȖȖ ȃȎșȖȢȎ ȃȎȘȖȚȎª

15
ǵȈ ȗȘȈȊȖȔ ȉȍȘȍȋț ǵȐȓȈ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ȋȖȘȣ ȈȓȤ-ǴțȒȈȚ-
ȚȈȔ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȈȦȡȍȑșȧ ȕȈȌ ȕȖȊȣȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ ȉȓȐȏ ȗȘȐșȚȈȕȍȑ
ǼțșȚȈȚȈ ȋȌȍ ȗȖȒȖȧȚșȧ ȘțȐȕȣ ǹȚȈȘȖȋȖ DzȈȐȘȈ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȕȖ Ȋ
1000-Ȕ ȋȖȌț ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȓȍȚȖșȟȐșȓȍȕȐȧ ȟȚȖ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚ-
ȊțȍȚ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȖȔț ȊȍȒț ȝȐȌȎȘȣ ȉȣȓȈ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȈ ȕȍȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȈȧ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȧ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȋ ȖșȕȖȊȕȖȔ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈ-
ȓȐ Ȓ șȍȒȚȍ șȈȉȍȍȊ
ǯȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔȐ ȌȖȔȈȔȐ șȚȖȧȡȐȔȐ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȘȍȒȐ ȖȚȒȘȣ-
ȊȈȍȚșȧ ȎȐȊȖȗȐșȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ ȊȖȌȣ ǵȐȓȈ ȚȐȝȖ ȗȓȍȡțȚșȧ ț ȖșȚ-
ȘȖȊȈ ǸȖȌȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȏȐȕț ȞȊȍȚȖȊ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȕȍȊȖȓȤ-
ȕȐȒȈ ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȊȐȌȕȈ ǫȐȏȍ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȏȈȝȖȌȈ șȖȓȕȞȈ
Ȋ ȜȐȖȓȍȚȖȊțȦ ȗȍȓȍȕț ȏȈȒȈȚȈ ȊȘȍȏȈȦȚșȧ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȍ ȚȘȍțȋȖȓȤ-
ȕȐȒȐ ȗȐȘȈȔȐȌ ǵȈ șȊȍȚȓȖȔ ȕȍȉȍ ȊȣȌȍȓȧȦȚșȧ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ șȐȓțȥ-
Țȣ ȗȈȓȤȔ șȔȖȒȖȊȕȐȞ Ȑ ȜȐȋȖȊȣȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ ǹȜȐȕȒșȣ ȓȍ-
ȎȈȡȐȍ șȘȍȌȐ ȗȍșȒȖȊ ȗȖȝȖȎȐ ȕȈ șȚȖȘȖȎȍȊȣȝ ȗșȖȊ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȦ-
ȡȐȝ șȚȈȌȖ ȉțȑȊȖȓȖȊ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ ȟȍȘȍȌȖȑ ȉȘȍȌțȡȐȝ ȕȈ ȊȖȌȖ-
ȗȖȑ Ȑ ȜȖȕȈȘȐ ȘȣȉȈȒȖȊ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȔȐ ȚȖȟȒȈȔȐ șȊȍȚȧȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȗȘȖ-
ȕȐȞȈȍȔȖȑ ȚȤȔȍ
Ǫ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ șȈȉȍȍȊ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗ-
ȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ șȘȍȌȐ ȘȖȎȒȖȊȣȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ șȚȖȐȚ ȉȍȓȖșȚȍȕȕȣȑ ȖȒȍȓȤ,
ȚȍȘȘȈșȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ șȗțșȒȈȦȚșȧ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȓ ȊȖȌȍ ȗȖ ȕȖȟȈȔ ȓȖȌȖȟ-
ȕȐȒȐ ȗȓȣȊțȡȐȍ ȊȊȍȘȝ Ȑ ȊȕȐȏ ȗȖ ǵȐȓț ȊȐȌȧȚ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ
ȋȖȘȧȚ ȖȋȖȕȤȒȐ dzȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȣȑ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒ ȕȈȝȖȌȧșȤ Ȋ Ȝȍ-
ȓȦȋȍ ȗȖșȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȘȍȒȐ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȒȘțȎȍȊȖ
ȘȍȠȍȚȖȒ ȖȒȍȓȧ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȒȘțȋ șȚȖȓȐȒȖȊ ȕȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȧȡȐȒȈȝ
șȗȓȍȚȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑȏ ȗȈȓȤȔȖȊȣȝ ȗȘțȚȤȍȊ ȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕȈȝ ȒȘȣȚȣȝ
ȞȐȕȖȊȒȈȔȐ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȐșȤ ȏȈȊșȍȋȌȈȚȈȐ ȟȤȍ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ Ȋȣ-
ȏȣȊȈȍȚ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȧ ǪȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȈȧ ȎȍșȚȐȒțȓȧ-
ȞȐȧ șȔȍȕȧȦȡȈȧșȧ ȚțȗȖȑ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖșȚȤȦ ȉȍșșȔȣșȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ șȔȍȝ ȕȍȟȓȍȕȖȘȈȏȌȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ Țȍȝ ȌȖȔȖȊ ȋȌȍ ȗȘȍȕȍȉȘȍȋȈȧ ȏȈȗȘȍȚȖȔ ȕȍ-
ȊȍȘȕȣȍ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȦȚ șȍȉȧ ȊȐȕȖȔ ȉțȏȖȑ ȐȓȐ ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ
DzȈȒ-ȚȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ Ȓ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȚȍȘȘȈș ȗȖȌȖȠȓȈ ȓȖȌȒȈ ȋȘȍ-
ȉȍȞ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȓ ȍȦ ȗȖșȒȖȓȤȒț ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȓ ȥȚȐ Ȕȍ-
șȚȈ ȓȖȌȒȈ ȗȘȐȟȈȓȐȓȈ ț ȗȍȘȊȣȝ șȚțȗȍȕȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȔȣȊȈȓȈ
ȊȖȌȈ Ȑ Ȑȏ ȕȍȍ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȦȕȖȠȈ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȑ ȕȈȘțȎȕȖșȚȐ ș ȊȐȌț
ȘȣȉȈȒ Ȗȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȋ ȖȒȍȓȤ Ȑ șȍȓ Ȋ
țȋȓț ȏȈȓȈ — ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȕȈ șȊȖȍ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ Ȗȉ-

16
ȘȈȚȐȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȊșȍȋȌȈȚȈȑ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕțȦ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȊ-
ȠțȦ Ȋ șȈȌ Ȋ ȏȈȓ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ ȠȍȘșȚȧȕȖȔ ȗȓȈȡȍ
ș ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȕȍ ȕȖșȧȚ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ Ȑ Ȋ
ȉȍȓȖȑ ȠȈȗȖȟȒȍ
ǭȋȖ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȓȖ ȊșȍȖȉȡȍȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ Ƕȕ șȍȓ Ȋ
ȚȍȔȕȣȑ țȋȖȓ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ ȏȈȝȔȍȓȍȊȠȐȍ ȗȖșȍȚȐȚȍȓȐ ȏȈȉȣȓȐ Ȗ
ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȐ ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȌȕȖșȚȤ ȖȌȍȧȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȠȍȌ-
ȠȐȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȝȖȎ ȕȈ ȕȐȡȍȋȖ ȖȚȔȍȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȍȟȈȚȤȦ țȕȐ-
ȎȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ǸȍȏȒȐȍ ȟȍȘȚȣ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐ ȓȤȊȐȕțȦ ȔȈș-
Ȓț ǫȓȈȏȈ ȞȊȍȚȈ șȈȗȜȐȘȈ ȊȓȈșȚȕȖ ȗȘȐȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȐ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȋșȍȓȧȧ
Ȑ țȎȈș Ȑ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ
ȆșțȜ ȚȈȒ ȏȊȈȓȐ ȦȕȖȠț ȗȘȐȗȓȣȊȠȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȘȍȒȍ ȗȖȟțȊ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȓ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȔț ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȞț ȟȤȍ ȗȖȧȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȍ Ȗȕ șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȆȕȖȠȈ ȕȍ țȟȈșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍȔ Ȋȍ-
șȍȓȤȍ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȌȐȊȈȕț ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ șȐȌȍȓ ȟțȎȍșȚȘȈ-
ȕȍȞ
— ǩȘȈȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȆșțȜ — Țȣ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȐȠȤ țșȚȈȓȣȔ ǵȈ-
ȊȍȘȕȖȍ Țȣ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȐȏȌȈȓȍȒȈ" ǵȍ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ ȓȐ ȖșȊȍȎȐȚȤșȧ"
— ǬȈ ȗțȚȤ ȔȖȑ ȉȣȓ ȕȍȉȓȐȏȖȒ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȟțȎȍșȚȘȈȕȍȞ
— ȇ ȏȈȠȍȓ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȖȒȍȓȤ ȖȚȌȖȝȕțȚȤ ȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȌȈȚȤ
ȊȍȌȤ ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȖȌȈȦȚ ȓȐȠȤ ȏȈȗȘȍȚȕȣȍ ȕȈȗȐȚȒȐ"
— Ǫȣ ȗȘȈȊȖȊȍȘȕȣȍ ȔțșțȓȤȔȈȕȍ ȖșȔȍȓȐȊȈȍȚȍșȤ șȔȈȟȐ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȋțȉȣ ȓȐȠȤ ȟȐșȚȖȑ ȊȖȌȖȑ Ȕȣ Ȏȍ șȈȉȍȐ ȐȔȍȍȔ ȗȘȈȊȖ
ȕȍ ȕȈȘțȠȈȧ șȊȖȐȝ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȊ țȚȖȓȧȚȤ ȎȈȎȌț ȊȐȕȖȔ ȐȓȐ ȏȖ-
ȓȖȚȐșȚȣȔ ȧȟȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȐȊȖȔ
— ǵȖ șȈȔ Țȣ ȕȍ ȗȤȍȠȤ șȗȐȘȚȕȖȋȖ"
— ǷȤȧȕșȚȊȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖȓȦȌȐȕȖȊ ȗȘȍȚȐȚ Ȕȕȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȆșțȜ
ȌȍȓȈȧ ȏȕȈȒ ȕȍȋȘț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȐȒ ȌȊȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȐȍ șȚȍȒȓȧȕȕȣȍ ȟȈȠȒȐ ȖȗȓȍȚȍȕȕȣȍ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȖȑ ȜȐȓȐȋȘȈ-
ȕȤȦ Ȑ șȖșțȌ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȊȈȚȖȑ ȒȈȠȐȞȍȑ ș ȊȖȚȒȕț-
ȚȖȑ ȚțȌȈ ȓȖȗȈȚȒȖȑ Ȑȏ șȓȖȕȖȊȖȑ ȒȖșȚȐ
— Ǫ ȥȚȖȑ ȟȈȠȍ — ȘȈȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȚȊȖȑ ȗȘȖȘȖȒ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ
ȗȘȈȊȖȊȍȘȕȣȔ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ Țȣ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȠȤ șȚȖȓȤ ȡȍȗȍȚȐȓȍȕ ȚȖ ȟȍ-
Șȍȏ ȟȈș ȖȟțȚȐȠȤșȧ Ȋ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧȝ ȋțȘȐȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȔȖșȚ Ȉș-ǹȐȘȈȚ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȆșțȜ șȔȍȧșȤ
— ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦ ȥȚȖ ȋȈȠȐȠ — șȒȈȏȈȓ
ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ ȖȚȖȌȊȐȋȈȧ ȟȈȠȒț Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȆșțȜ țȎȍ ȗȖȓȖ-

17
ȎȐȓ ȗȖȘȞȐȦ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ șȔȍșȐ — Ǩ ȋȈȠȐȠ ȏȈȗȘȍȡȍȕ
— Ǫșȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ȚȖ ȏȈȗȘȍȡȍȕȖ — ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ ȆșțȜ ȗȘȖ-
ȋȓȖȚȐȊ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȓȖȎȒț ȒȈȠȐȞȣ
ǵȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ Ȋ țȗȖȘ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ șȐȕȐȔȐ
ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȚȈȒ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȝȔțȘȐȓ ȓȖȉ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȚȧȕțȓȈșȤ ȌȈȎȍ
ȒȖȎȈ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȗȕ ȊȖȚ-ȊȖȚ ȒȐȕȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȉȍȏȏȈȉȖȚ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȦȕȖȠț Ȑ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȍȚ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȒȓȖȟȤȧ ȕȖ Ȗȕ șȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ ȔȖȘ-
ȡȐȕȣ ȕȈ ȓȉț ȘȈȏȋȓȈȌȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȘȍȠȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȗȕ
Ȋȏȧȓ ȟȈȠȒț Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȚȤ ȏȍȓȍȕțȦ șȔȍșȤ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ ȆșțȜ Ȑ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ țȎȍ Ȗȡț-
ȚȐȓȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȐȔȐ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȈ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȈȧ ȐșȚȖȔȈ ȕȈ
ȋțȉȈȝ ȏȈȐȋȘȈȓȈ ȉȓȈȎȍȕȕȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ ǽȖȚȧ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȕȈȒȖ-
Ȕȣ ȖȚ șȐȓȣ ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ ȐȔ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȏȕȈȦȚ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘț-
ȋȈ ȊȍȟȕȖșȚȤ ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȕȈȘȒȖȚȐȒȈ țșȐȓȐȊȈȓȖșȤ ȖȕȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ
ȝȖȝȖȚȈȚȤ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȖ Ȗ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ
ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȟțȎȍșȚȘȈȕȍȞ ǹȚȘȖȋȖ șȖȉȓȦȌȈȧ ȏȈȗȘȍȚȣ
Ȗȕ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȖȚȊȍȌȈȓ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ Ȑ șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ ȐșȗȣȚȈȓ ȕȈ șȍȉȍ ȍȋȖ
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ Ƕȕ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȍȓ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȐȝȘȍȔ
șȔȍȕȧȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȖȚȘȣȊȒȐ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȝ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȣȝ
șȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȍ ȐȏȕțȚ-
ȘȐ ȖȚȉȓȍșȒȈȔȐ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ șȊȍȘȝȢȍșȚȍșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȍ șȒȊȖȏȐȓȖ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȔȈȕȍȘȈȝ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓȖ
ȘȈșșȓȈȉȓȍȕȐȍ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȔȧȋȒȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ ȕȈȝȖȌȧșȤ ȗȖȌ
ȉȓȈȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍȔ ȒȍȑȜȈ
— ǵț ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤ — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȆșțȜ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ
țșȗȍȓ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȥȚț ȊșȗȣȠȒț Ȋ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȐ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȍ-
ȏȕȈȒȖȔȞȈ — ȟȚȖ Țȍȉȍ ȗȘȐȋȘȍȏȐȓȖșȤ ȖȚ ȗȘȖșȚȖȋȖ ȜȐșȚȈȠ-
ȒȖȊȖȋȖ ȊȈȘȍȕȤȧ" ǩțȌȍȠȤ ȓȐ Țȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȘȍȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȈȕȈȜȍȔȍ
șȓȈȊȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȖȉȐȘȈȦȚșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖ-
șȊȖȍȔț șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȔȐ"
— ǫȈȠȐȠ țȗȖȌȖȉȓȧȍȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȉȖȋț — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȕȍȏȕȈ-
ȒȖȔȍȞ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ
— ǬȈ — ȋȖȘȧȟȖ ȗȖȌȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȆșțȜ — ȚȍȔ ȒȚȖ ȗȤȍȚ ȊȖȌț
ȏȕȈȒȖȔȈ ȓȐȠȤ ȋȘțȉȈȧ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȖȉȖȓȖȟȒȈ Ȋȍȡȍȑ ǶȗȤȧ-
ȕȍȕȐȍ ȏȈȊȖȓȈȒȐȊȈȧ ȗȍȓȍȕȖȑ ȊȏȖȘ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȌțȠȐ
Ȍțȝ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȑ ȚȍȔȕȐȞȣ — ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ
șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒ ȖȚ țșȕțȊȠȍȋȖ șȚȘȈȎȈ ȖșȚȈȊȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȒȓȦȟ Ȋ
ȌȊȍȘȐ ǸȈȌȖșȚȕȣȑ Ȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȑ Ȗȕ ȉȓțȎȌȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȍ

18
ȉȍșȍȌțȧ ș ȈȕȋȍȓȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȏȈȘȧȦȚ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȔȐ Ȑ
ȟțȌȍșȕȣȔȐ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȐȧȔȐ ǶȌȕȐȔ ȊȏȔȈȝȖȔ ȒȘȣȓȤȍȊ Ȗȕ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȕȖșȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȈȚȔȖșȜȍȘț ȕȍșȓȣȝȈȕȕȖȋȖ șȟȈșȚȤȧ Ȑ ȥȚȐ ȔȋȕȖ-
ȊȍȕȐȧ ȌȓȧȚșȧ ȊȍȟȕȖșȚȤ ȚȈȒ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȔȍȕȧȦȚșȧ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȧ
ȇ ȊȐȎț ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȕȖ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑ
ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȖȕ ȧ șȈȎțșȤ Ȋ ȓȖȌȒț ȕȈȗȍȊȈȧ ȖȚ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ
ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȦȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȥȚȐ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȦ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȖȚ ȕȍȔȍȘȒ-
ȕțȡȍȋȖ șȊȍȘȒȈȕȐȧ ȋȐȈȞȐȕȚȖȊ ȒȈȘȉțȕȒțȓȖȊ ȐȏțȔȘțȌȖȊ ȘțȉȐ-
ȕȖȊ ȕȈ Ȑȝ ȜȖȕȍ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȚȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐȍ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȈ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ Ȋ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖșȚȐ ȕȍȉȍșȕȖȍ
șȖȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȖȗȐșȈȕȕȖȍ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȥȚȈ-
ȔȐ ȖȕȖ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȔȧȋȒȖ țȓȣȉȈȍȚșȧ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ șȗțșȒȈȍȚșȧ ȏȈ
ȔȕȖȑ ș ȕȍȉȍș Ǩȕȋȍȓ ȥȚȖ ȐȓȐ ȗȍȘȐ" ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ǶȕȈ șȈȌȐȚșȧ ȒȖ
Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȓȖȌȒț Ȑ ȋȘțȉȖȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȖ șȘȈȏț Ȏȍ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȍȘ-
ȓȈȔțȚȘ Ȕȣ ȗȓȣȊȍȔ ȗȖ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȖȑ ȘȍȒȍ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȐȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȕȍ-
șȍȚ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȈȘȖȔȈȚȣ
— ǹȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ Ȑ ȉȓȈȋȖșȚȕȖȍ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȕȍȏȕȈ-
ȒȖȔȍȞ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȊ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ȅȚȖ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȆșțȜ — DzȈȒ-ȚȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȧ
ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȔȍȕȤȠțȦ ȌȖȏț Ȑ Ȗȟȕțȓșȧ ȖȚ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȓȖȌȒȈ
ȗȖȌȗȓȣȊȈȓȈ Ȓ ȖșȚȘȖȊț ǸȖȌȈ ǵȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ
ȗȖȝȖȎȈȧ ȕȈ ȔȖȍ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ ǭȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȌȈȎȍ ȍșȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐȕȈȌ-
ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȔț șțȡȍșȚȊț ȕȍ țȚȘȈȚȐȓȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȉȖȎȍșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȉȓȍșȒȈ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȕȈȒȐȌȒȐ Ȋ ȓțȕȕȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ ȔȍȘȞȈȓȖ
ȖȌȍȧȕȐȍ țșȣȗȈȕȕȖȍ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȔȕȧȔȐ ȇ ȌȖȚȘȖȕțȓ-
șȧ ȌȖ ȘțȒȐ – ȔȧȋȒȈȧ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȕȈȧ ȕȍȎȕȈȧ ȒȖȎȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȓȍ-
ȗȍșȚȒȐ ȞȊȍȚȒȈ ȧ țȒȖȓȖȓșȧ Ȗȉ ȖȗȘȈȊț ȍȍ ȒȖȓȤȞȈ Ȑ ȖȒȖȕȟȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȖȉțȌȐȓșȧ
— ǩȓȐȏ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ ǸȖȌȈ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖ
— ȇ ȕȍ șȗȈȓ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȆșțȜ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȕȐȧ ȕȈ șȓȖȊȈ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȓțȠȈȚȍȓȧ — ȋȈȠȐȠ ȓȐȠȤ ȖȎȐȊȐȓ
ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ șȗȘȧȚȈȕȕȖȍ Ȋ țȋȖȓȒȈȝ ȌțȠȐ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ
ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȓȐȒ ȉȣȓ Ȕȕȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔ ǵȖ ȋȌȍ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȍȋȖ ȊȐ-
ȌȍȚȤ" ǵȈ ȒȈȒȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ Ȕȣ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȐșȤ" Ǫ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȑ
ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȕȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ șȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȚȤșȧ" ȅȚȖȋȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȕȖ șȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȍ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ ȕȐȟțȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ țȌȐ-
ȊȐȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȊȖȗ-
ȓȖȡȍȕȐȍ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȐȌȍȈȓȈ ȖȟțȚȐȓȈșȤ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȓȖȌȒȍ ȗȖșȘȍȌȐ

19
ǵȐȓȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȊȣȠȓȈ Ȑȏ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȘȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȒȈ
ǵȍ ȚȘȍȉțȧ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȑ ȧ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȍȍ ȕȖȋȈȔ Ȑ
ȒȈȒ șȊȖȍȑ ȊȖȗȓȖȡȍȕȕȖȑ ȔȍȟȚȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȑ Ȋșȍ ȗȣȓȒȐȍ Ȑ ȊȖȏ-
ȊȣȠȍȕȕȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȧȚ ȕȈ țȔ Ȋ ȟȈșȣ ȓȦȉȖȊ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȥȒșȚȈȏȈ ȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȓ șȓȖȊȈ ȗȖȓȕȣȍ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȋȖ șȔȣșȓȈ,
ȜȘȈȏȣ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȓȐșȤ ȉȍȏȌȕȣ ȔțȌȘȖșȚȐ ȔȖȐ ȘȍȟȐ
ȚȈȐȓȐ ȖȚȏȊțȒ ȐșȟȍȏȕțȊȠȐȝ ȔȐȘȖȊ ǬțȠȈ ȔȖȧ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȕȧ-
ȓȈșȤ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȍȔ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȋȖ Ȑ ȉțȌțȡȍȋȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȓȦ-
ȉȖȊȤ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȧ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓ ȉȣȓȈ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȔ ȊȔȍȡȈȊȠȐȔ Ȋ
șȍȉȧ ȊȍȟȕȖșȚȤ
ǷȖ ȔȍȘȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȍȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȏȈȉȓȍș-
ȚȍȓȐ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȓȐșȤ ȓțȟȐșȚȣȔȐ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓȈ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ șȊȖȐ
ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȏȈșȐȧȓȐ Ȋ ȕȖȟȐ ȇ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ
ȟȚȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȖȉȢȧȚ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȍȔ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȗȈȓ ȊȖ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ȋȘȍȏ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ Ȗȟȕțȓșȧ ȖȚ șȓȈȌȖșȚȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȉȣȚȤȧ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȊșȍȔ
ȔȖȐȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȔ ȧ țȎȍ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȗȖȌ ȗȈȓȤȔȖȑ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖ-
ȓȖȎȕȖȔ ȉȍȘȍȋț Ȉ ȔȖȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȘȈȉ ȔȐȘȕȖ șȗȈȓ ȖȒȖȓȖ șȚȖȧ-
ȡȍȑ ȕȈ ȗȍșȒȍ ȓȖȌȒȐ ǵȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȍ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȍ ȖȚ-
ȉȓȍșȒȐ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓȖșȤ țȚȘȖ
— ǺȈȒȈȧ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȚ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȕȣȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ
— șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȐȟțȚȤ ȕȍ șȔțȚȐȓȈ ȜȈȕȚȈș-
ȚȐȟȕȖșȚȤ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ ȆșțȜȈ ȗȖșȒȖȓȤȒț ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȏȈș-
ȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ Ȋ ȓȦȉȣȍ ȟțȌȍșȈ
— ȇ ȕȐȒȖȔț ȕȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȐȝ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȝ șȖȉȣ-
ȚȐȧȝ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȧ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȓșȧ Țȍȉȍ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț"
Ǵȕȍ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȓȍȟȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ
Țȍȉȍ DzȖȋȌȈ Țȣ ȊȖȠȍȓ șȦȌȈ ȔȖȑ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș șȒȈȏȈȓ
Ȕȕȍ ©ǪȖȚ Ȗȕ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞª ǺȊȖȑ ȗȘȐȝȖȌ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓ ȚȍȘȏȈȊȠȍȍ
Ȕȍȕȧ șȔțȚȕȖȍ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ Ǻȣ ȚȖȚ ȒȖȋȖ ȧ ȎȌȈȓ șȈȔ ȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ
ȊȍȌȈȧ ǬțȠȈ ȔȖȧ ȘȊȍȚșȧ Țȍȉȍ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț Ȑ Țȍȉȍ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ
ȉȣȓ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ șȊȖȦ șȖȒȘȖȊȍȕȕțȦ ȚȈȑȕț
— ȇ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȦ Țȍ Ȏȍ șȈȔȣȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȟțȎȍ-
șȚȘȈȕȍȞ — Ȑ șȒȈȎț Țȍȉȍ ȚȖ Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȖșȔȍȓȐȊȈȓșȧ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȌȈȎȍ șȈȔȖȔț șȍȉȍ ǺȊȖȧ șȚȘȈșȚȤ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȈ ȔȖȧ — ȟț-
ȌȖȊȐȡȕȈ Țȣ ȓȦȉȐȠȤ ȗȍȘȐ ȧ Ȏȍ« Țȣ șȖȌȘȖȋȕȍȠȤșȧ ȧ ȓȦȉ-
ȓȦ șȊȖȦ șȍșȚȘț ȕȖ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȧ ȕȍ ȘȈșȒȈȐȊȈȦșȤ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ
ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȖȔ ȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȐ DzȈȒ ȉȣ ȧ ȕȐ șțȌȐȓ șȍȉȧ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈ-
ȕȐȍȔ șȓțȎȐȚ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȊȠȍȍ ȔȕȖȦ ȚȈȑȕȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ Ȉ ȕȍ ȕȐȏ-

20
ȔȍȕȕȈȧ ȏȍȔȕȈȧ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Dz șȍșȚȘȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȓȍȟȍȚ ȕȍ șȓȈȌȖ-
șȚȘȈșȚȐȍ ȝȖȚȧ ȗȖ ȒȘȈșȖȚȍ ȍȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȤ ȓȐȠȤ ș ȗȘȐ-
ȏȘȈȒȖȔ ȚȊȖȐȝ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȑ ȥȚȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ
ȉȍȏȌȖȕȕȖȍ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȘȍ ȕȍȖȉȢȧȚȕȖȍ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȉȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖ
ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ǴȣșȓȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ șȍșȚȘȈ ȔȖȧ
ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȔț-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȔțȎȟȐȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ Ȕȕȍ
ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖȑ ȒȈȒ șȊȧȚȖȚȈȚșȚȊȖ ȐȉȖ ȏȈ ȍȍ ȚȍȓȍșȕȖȑ ȖȉȖȓȖȟ-
ȒȖȑ ȧ țȋȈȌȣȊȈȦ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȕȖȍ ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȏȍȔȕȖȍ
ȐȔȧ ȥȚȖ șțȗȘțȋȈ ȔȖȍȑ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȌțȠȐ ȌȍȊȈ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏ-
ȕȈȟȍȕȕȈȧ Ȕȕȍ ș ȗȍȘȊȣȝ Ȍȕȍȑ ȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚ-
șȧ ȟȚȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȊȍȒȈ Ȑ ȔȘȈȒ ȧ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȈȦ șȓȍȌȣ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȚȈȑȕȖȑ
șȊȧȏȐ Ǵȕȍ ȕȈ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȧȚ șȞȍȕȣ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȍ ȕȈ
ȏȍȔȓȍ ȌȖ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȕȈș ȖȉȖȐȝ ȗȖȌ ȏȖ-
ȓȖȚȖȑ șȍȕȤȦ ȅȌȍȔȈ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȔ ȗȖȊȐȕțȦȚșȧ ȗȖșȓțȠȕȣȍ ȌțȝȐ
ȇ ȉȖȦșȤ ȟȚȖ șȖȍȌȐȕȐȊȠȐșȤ ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȖȑ ȗȖȚȘȍȊȖ-
Ȏț ȐȓȐ ȖȗȖȘȖȟț ȔȐȘȖȊțȦ ȌțȠț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ǶȚ
șȓȐȧȕȐȧ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȧȊȐȚȤșȧ ȉȍș-
șȔȍȘȚȕȈȧ ȘȈșȈ — ȊȍȘȝȖȊȕȖȍ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȍ ȟȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ ȕȈȔ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȌ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȔȐ
ȐȔȍȕȈȔȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȖȉȓȐȟȤȧȝ
ǷȖȒȈ ȆșțȜ Ȑ ȟțȎȍșȚȘȈȕȍȞ ȊȍȓȐ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ
ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȏȈȊșȍȋȌȈȚȈȐ ȖȒȍȓȧ Ȋ șȐȓȤȕȖȔ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȐ ȚȖ ȉȍș-
șȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ ȝȖȝȖȚȈȓȐ ȗȘȍȌȈȊȈȧșȤ ȕȍȖȉțȏȌȈȕȕȖȔț ȊȍșȍȓȤȦ
ȚȖ ȏȈșȚȣȊȈȓȐ Ȋ ȐșșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȐ ȚȖ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȖ
ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȐȕȌȐȑșȒȖȑ ȒȖȕȖȗȓȐ ȖșȓȈȉȍȊȈȓȖ ȖȕȐ
țșȗȖȒȈȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ ȐȏȕȍȔȖȎȍȕȐȐ
Ǫ ȖȒȍȓȤ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ ȖȌȍȎȌȍ ș ȓȐȞȖȔ ȗȈȚ-
ȘȐȈȘȝȈ Ȑ ȖȒȓȈȌȐșȚȖȑ ȉȖȘȖȌȖȑ Ȗȕ ȊșȚȈȓ ȗȖșȘȍȌȐ ȏȈȓȈ Ȑ ȏȣȟ-
ȕȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș
— ǩȘȈȚȤȧ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȑȚȍșȤ ȧ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓ ȏȈ ȕȍȉȖȔ ȕȈșȚȈȓ
ȉȓȈȋȖȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȑ ȟȈș ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȐȕȍșȚȐ ȎȍȘȚȊț ȗȍȘȍȌ șȜȐȕȒ-
șȖȔ ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȗȍȚțȝȈ ȊȖ șȓȈȊț ǫȍȘȔȍșȈ Ȑ ǨȋȈȜȖȌȍȔȖȕȈ
ǹȈȉȍȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ ș ȌȐȊȈȕȖȊ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ șȖȉȐ-
ȘȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȑȚȐ ȏȈ șȊȖȐȔ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȖșȓțȎȐȚȍȓȍȔ ǷȘȐ ȥȚȐȝ șȓȖ-
ȊȈȝ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȞȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȔȍȕȧȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȞȊȍȚȍ Ȑȏ
șȐȕȐȝ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȐșȒȈȏȐȓȖșȤ ȖȚ ȧȘȖ-
șȚȐ Ȉ Ȑȏ ȋȘțȌȐ ȊȣȘȊȈȓșȧ ȋȓțȝȖȑ ȒȘȐȒ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐ-
șțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȍ Ȋ țȎȈșȍ șȖȌȘȖȋȕțȓȐșȤ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȖȒȍȓȤ ȗȘȖȕȐȒ

21
ȌȐȒȐȑ ȓȍȊ
— ǩȍȏȉȖȎȕȐȒȐ șȊȧȚȖȚȈȚȞȣ ȗȖȌȓȣȍ ȚȊȈȘȐ ǫȕțșȕȣȍ ȐȌȖ-
ȓȖȗȖȒȓȖȕȕȐȒȐ — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ȗȕ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȊȠȐȔ
ȘȈșȒȈȚȣ ȋȘȖȔȈ
ǶȚ ȥȚȖȑ ȊșȗȣȠȒȐ ȧȘȖșȚȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍ-
ȓȐ ǵȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ ȐȔȍȓ șȚȖȓȤ ȊȓȈșȚȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ ȚȈȒ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖ ȖȗȘȈȊȓȧȓ șȒȓȈȌȒȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȓȈȡȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȖșȔȍȓȐȓ-
șȧ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȖȉȊȐȕȍȕȐȧ
ǹȚȈȘȍȞ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș
— Ǫ ȟȍȔ Țȣ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȏȓȖ ȉȘȈȚ ȔȖȑ" Ǵȣ șȖȉȐȘȈȍȔșȧ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȍșȚȐ Ȋ ȎȍȘȚȊț ȕȈȠȐȔ ȌțȝȈȔ-ȗȖȒȘȖȊȐȚȍȓȧȔ ǫȍȘȔȍșț Ȑ ǨȋȈ-
ȜȖȌȍȔȖȕț ȉȍȓȖȋȖ ȗȍȚțȝȈ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ț ȕȈș ȗȘȐȕȧȚȖ
ǹȕȖȊȈ țșȓȣȠȈȊ ȥȚȐ ȌȊȈ ȐȔȍȕȐ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ ȏȈșȒȘȍȎȍ-
ȚȈȓ ȏțȉȈȔȐ ȖȚ ȧȘȖșȚȐ
— ǭșȓȐ Țȣ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȍȠȤ ȊȍȘȖȊȈȕȐȑ șȈȉȍȍȊ ȏȈȟȍȔ Țȣ
ȗȘȐȠȍȓ șȦȌȈ" Ǩ ȔȖȎȍȚ Țȣ ȗȘȐȊȍȘȎȍȕȍȞ ǰȐșțșȈ ȐȓȐ Ǵț-
ȝȈȔȔȍȌȈ"
— ǴțȝȈȔȔȍȌ Ȑ ǰȐșțș — șȈȔȖȏȊȈȕȞȣ — ȧȘȖșȚȕȖ ȏȈȒȘȐ-
ȟȈȓ ȟțȎȍșȚȘȈȕȍȞ
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ Țȣ ȐșȗȖȊȍȌțȍȠȤ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȦ ȗȈȘșȖȊ" Ǻȣ ȗȖȒȓȖ-
ȕȧȍȠȤșȧ ȖȋȕȦ"
— Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȓȖȎȤ ȊȣȌțȔȒȐ ȕȍȉȣȓȐȞȣ — ȗȘȍȘȊȈȓ ȕȍȏ-
ȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ ȗȓȈȡȍ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȘȈșȗȈȓȧȧșȤ ȖȚ ȋȕȍȊȈ
— DzȖȋȖ Ȏȍ Țȣ ȗȖȟȐȚȈȍȠȤ"
— Ƕȕ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȚ ȒȖȋȖ ȧ ȗȖȟȐȚȈȦ" ǵȐȒȖȋȖ ȇ șȈȔ —
ȉȖȋ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȍȌȐȕȣȑ ȐșȚȐȕȕȣȑ ȉȖȋ Ȋșȍ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ
ȓȐȠȤ ȚȍȕȐ
ǷȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖȔ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖȔ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖȔ țȚȊȍȘ-
ȎȌȍȕȐȐ șȈȉȍȐ ȉȘȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȉȖȋȖȝțȓȤȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȍȔț ȕȍ ȗȖȏȌȖ-
ȘȖȊȐȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȆșțȜ ȕȍ ȖȚȚȈȡȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȒȘȣȊ șȊȖȐȔ
ȚȍȓȖȔ Ȋ ȓȖȌȒț ȝȖȚȧ ȚȖȚ ȖȚȉȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȉȍȠȍȕȣȑ
ǯȈȚȍȔ ȆșțȜ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȚȖȓȒȕțȊ ȓȖȌȒț ȖȚ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ ȊȣȊȍȓ ȍȍ
ȕȈ șȍȘȍȌȐȕț ȘȍȒȐ dzȖȌȒȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȗȓȣȓȈ ȗȖ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȦ
— DzțȌȈ ȖȚȊȍȏȚȐ Țȍȉȧ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȆșțȜ ț șȊȖȍȋȖ șȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȌȘțȋȈ
— ǺțȌȈ Ȓ ȖșȚȘȖȊț ǸȖȌȈ ȋȌȍ Țȣ ȊȐȌȍȓ șȐȧȕȐȍ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȍȞ țșȗȖȒȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȖȟȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȖȑ

ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ țȌȈȘȖȊ ȊȍșȓȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț
ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ șȗȘȣȋȕțȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȍșȖȒ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ ȗȓȈȡȍ
șȒȈȏȈȓ șȊȖȍȔț șȗȈșȐȚȍȓȦ șȕȧȊ ș ȗȈȓȤȞȈ ȗȍȘșȚȍȕȤ șȚȈȘȐȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ
— ǫȌȍ ȉȣ Țȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȐ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȗȖȒȈȎȐ Ȕȕȍ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȍȘ-
șȚȍȕȤ Ȑ ȧ ȐșȗȖȓȕȦ ȓȦȉȖȍ ȚȊȖȍ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ
ǯȈȚȍȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȤ ȖșȚȘȖȊȈ Ȑ șȒȘȣȓșȧ ȏȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ-
ȔȐ ȗȖȌșȚțȗȈȦȡȐȔȐ Ȓ șȈȔȖȑ ȊȖȌȍ Ǩ ȆșțȜ ȟȚȖȉȣ țșȗȍȚȤ Ȓ
ȖȉȘȧȌț ȎȍȘȚȊȖȗȘȐȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ș țȌȊȖȍȕȕȖȑ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȍȑ ȕȈȓȍȋ ȕȈ
ȊȍșȓȈ

Ȁ DZȜȠȪȓ
Ǹǹȁǯ DZǮȆǶȆǶǿȀǼǰ

25
ǶȚȍȓȤ ǷȐȔȖȌȈȕ
ǷȘȐȋȓȈȠȍȕȐȍ șȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȍ Ȋ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȣȝ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȧȝ,
ȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȝ ȓȐȠȤ ȟȓȍȕȈȔ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȌȍȒȈȉȘȤșȒȐȔ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȑ ȒȊȈȘ-
ȚȈȓ ǷȈȘȐȎȈ ǶșȚȘȖȊ ǹȊȧȚȖȋȖ dzȦȌȖȊȐȒȈ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȊȘȖ-
Ȍȍ ȖȈȏȐșȈ ȗȖșȘȍȌȐ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȘȍȒȈ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȧșȤ ȕȈ ȌȊȈ ȘțȒȈȊȈ
ȖȉȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȘȍȊȕȐȊȖ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȧ ȖȚ ȏȈȝȊȈȚȈ ȞȐȊȐȓȐȏȈȞȐȐ
ǰȔȍȕȕȖ ȚȈȔ Ȋ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȔ ȖȚȍȓȍ ǷȐȔȖȌȈȕ ȊȣșȚȘȖȍȕȕȖȔ
ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ dzȖȏȍȕȖȔ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȍȎȍȔȍșȧȟȕȣȍ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȕȣȕȟȍ ȧ ȍȝȈȓ ȚțȌȈ ȊȗȍȘȊȣȍ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȉȐȓȖ ȠȍșȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ ȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ țȎȍ șȖȊȍȘ-
ȠȍȕȕȖ ȚȍȔȕȖ
ǺțȔȈȕ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ǹȍȕȣ ȏȈȒțȚȣȊȈȓ Ȋșȍ
ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȣ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȈȚȖȑ ȗȘȖȗțșȒȈȧ ȓȐȠȤ ȒȘȈșȕȖȊȈȚȣȍ ȗȧȚ-
ȕȈ ȏȈȎȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȜȖȕȈȘȍȑ Ȑ șȊȍȚȧȡȐȝșȧ ȖȒȖȕ
ǴȖȒȘȈȧ ȖȚ ȌȖȎȌȧ ȔȖșȚȖȊȈȧ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȓȈ șȊȍȚ ȜȖȕȈȘȍȑ șȓȖȊ-
ȕȖ ȘȍȟȕȈȧ ȋȓȈȌȤ ȘȍȏȒȐȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȓȍȌȧȕȣȔȐ ȐȋȓȈȔȐ ȒȖȓȖȓ
ȓȐȞȖ ǭȋȖ ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ șȊȐșȚ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ȉȈșȖȊȣȍ ȕȖȚȣ
țȌȈȘȧȧșȤ Ȗȉ ȈȘȒȐ ȔȖșȚȖȊ ȅȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȓȖȕ șțȘȖȊȖȑ ȗȖȥ-
ȏȐȐ ȏȐȔȣ
DzȈȒ ȕȐ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȕȈ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ ȗțșȚȖȑ ȕȈȉȍȘȍȎ-
ȕȖȑ ȕțȎȕȣȑ Ȕȕȍ ȌȖȔ ȕȖ ȔȖȍȔț ȒțȟȍȘț Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈȒȖ-
ȕȍȞ ȘȈȏȖȉȘȈȚȤ ȗȖȓțșȚȍȘȚȖȍ ȐȔȧ ȖȚȍȓȧ ȕȈ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȕȖȑ ȌȖșȒȍ
ǻȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȍ ȏȊȖȕȒȖȊ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȓȖ Ȋ ȥȚț ȋȓțȠȤ Ȑ
Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȗȖȚȧȕțȚȤ ȜȐȋțȘȕȣȑ ȔȖȓȖȚȖȒ ǷȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ
ȠȖȘȖȝ ȕȈȚȧȋȐȊȈȍȔȖȑ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȐ ȇ ȌȍȘȕțȓ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ Ȑ șȚȈȘȣȑ
ȘȎȈȊȣȑ ȧȏȣȒ ȏȈȔȒȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȔȈșșȐȊȕȣȍ șȚȊȖȘ-
ȒȐ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ
ǺȖȟȕȖ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ ǹȒȈȓȤȒȍȕȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȏȈ ȎȍȓȚȖȊȈȚȣȔ ȗȘȖ-
ȏȘȈȟȕȣȔ șȚȍȒȓȖȔ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ șȚȈȘȖȑ ȗȘȐȊȘȈȚȕȐȞȣ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȈȧ
ȔȍȘȞȈȦȡȐȔ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȍȔ șȊȍȟȐ ǷȘȐ ȊȐȌȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ șȚȈ-
ȘțȝȐ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ ȋȘȐȔȈșȈ Ȑ ȒȖșȚȓȧȊȣȑ ȗȈȓȍȞ țȒȈ-
ȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȌȖȘȖȋț
ǵȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȚȤ ȗȘȐ șȓȈȉȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȖșȊȍȡȈȍȚ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ șȈȔțȦ ȚȍȔȕțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȌȊȖȘ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȑ ȧ ȗȖȗȈȓ ȉȣȓ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȣȔȐ șȚȘȖȍȕȐȧȔȐ ș ȖșȚ-

26
ȘȖȊȍȘȝȐȔȐ ȒȘȣȠȈȔȐ ǴȍȎȌț ȒȈȔȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȓȐȚȈȔȐ ȘȖșȓȈ
ȚȘȈȊȈ Ȑ ȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȘȖȔȖȟȐȓ ȕȖȋȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ƞȍȓ ȗȖ ȓțȋț
ǻȏȒȐȍ ȊȣșȖȒȐȍ ȖȒȕȈ ȗȈȘȈȌȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȈ șȊȍȘȒȈȧ ȕȈ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȖȔ ȜȖȕȍ șȓțȎȐȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȔȈȧȒȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȧ ȏȈȉȓțȌȐȚȤ-
șȧ Ǫ ȊȍșȚȐȉȦȓȍ ȖȚȍȓȧ ȧ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ Țȍȝ ȖȋȘȖȔ-
ȕȣȝ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ dzȦȌȖȊȐȒȈ ;,9 ȋȌȍ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ
ȘȈȏȔȍșȚȐȚȤșȧ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȌȖȔ ǭȋȐȗȍȚșȒȈȧ ȝȐȔȍȘȈ, ȊȖ ȊȒț-
șȍ dzȍȉȘȍȕȈ, ș șȐȌȧȡȐȔ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ ȈȔțȘȖȔ, ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȤȍ-
ȌȍșȚȈȓ șȊȖȐ ȓȈȗȣ ȌȍȘȎȈ șȊȍȟț Ȋ ȐȏȖȋȕțȚȣȝ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȗȖȌșȊȍȟ-
ȕȐȒȈ ȒȖȋȚȧȝ
ǷȖȓȖȋȐȍ șȚțȗȍȕȤȒȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȕȣȍ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ
Ȗ ȋȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȋȖ ȈȘȝȐȚȍȒȚȖȘȈ Ȑ ȠȐȘȖȚȍ ȖȉȘȈȏȈ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȘȖȠȍȌȠȐȝ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ ǷȖȌȕȐȔȈȧșȤ ȗȖ ȥȚȐȔ țȌȐȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȈȔ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ țȉȖȋȖȔ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ ȜȘȈȒȍ ȧ ȟțȊșȚ-
ȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȕȍ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȘȖȋȖ-ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȕȕȖȑ ȖȉșȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȒȍ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȧ ȗȘȐșȊȖȐȓ șȍȉȍ ȟțȎȖȍ ȗȘȈȊȖ Ǭȓȧ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȣ ȝȖȘȖȠȈ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȈ
ǹȚȍȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ țȊȍȠȈȕȣ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈȔȐ — ȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȒȖȗȐȐ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȚȍȕ ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȐșȗȈȕșȒȐȝ ȔȈșȚȍȘȖȊ ȗȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȑ ȟȈș-
ȚȐ ȉȍȏ ȘȈȔ ǵȈ ȊȣșȖȒȖȔ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȍ șȔțȚȕȖ ȊȣȘȐșȖȊȣȊȈȓȈșȤ
ȜȘȍșȒȈ ȕȈ ȚȍȔț ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȔȐȜȈ
ǷȖȌȖȑȌȧ Ȓ țȒȈȏȈȕȕȖȔț ȥȚȈȎț ȧ țȏȕȈȓ ȌȊȍȘȤ ȗȖ ȚȈȔȉț-
Șț ȖȉȐȚȖȔț ȔȧȚȣȔ ȓȖșȕȧȡȐȔșȧ ȖȚ șȚȈȘȖșȚȐ țȚȘȍȝȚșȒȐȔ ȉȈȘ-
ȝȈȚȖȔ ǷȖȎȍȓȚȍȊȠȐȑ ȋȈȓțȕ Ȑ ȗȖȋȕțȊȠȐȍșȧ ȋȊȖȏȌȐ șȊȐȌȍ-
ȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ Ȗȉ Ȑȝ ȌȖȓȋȖȓȍȚȕȍȑ șȓțȎȉȍ
ǵȈ ȔȖȑ ȏȊȖȕȖȒ ȌȊȍȘȤ ș ȖȉȣȟȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȧȔȐ
ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȧ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȌȊȈ ȊȍȒȈ ȕȈȏȈȌ ǩȣ-
șȚȘȖȚȍȒțȡȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍ ȒȖșȕțȓȖșȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ Ȗȕ
ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ ȟȈșȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȏȈȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȊȍșȚȐ Ȑ șȚȘȍȓȒȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȝ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȘȖȠȍȌȠȐȑ ȟȈș ȇ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ
ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȓȈ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȓȈȔȗȈȔȐ ȏȈȎȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȈ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȖȔ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȕȞȍ ǩȍȓȣȍ șȚȍȕȣ ȏȈȓȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȖ șȍȘȍ-
ȌȐȕȣ țȊȍȠȈȕȣ ȗȖȚȍȔȕȍȊȠȐȔȐ ȗȖȓȖȚȕȈȔȐ ȕȖșȧȡȐȔȐ ȖȚȗȍ-
ȟȈȚȖȒ ȥȗȖȝȐ ȕȈ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȑ ȗȍȟȐ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȈȓȈșȤ șȚȈȚțȧ ȚȖȟ-
ȕȖ ȗȖȝȐȡȍȕȕȈȧ Ȑȏ ȈȓȓȍȐ ǪȍȘșȈȓȧ ǵȈ ȒțȗȖȓȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȔ ȗȖȚȖȓ-
Ȓȍ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȓșȧ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȣȔ ȕȈȉȘȖșȖȒ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȈȓȓȍȋȖȘȐȐ ȊȖ
ȊȒțșȍ dzȍȔțȈȕȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȌȈȎȍ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȒȐșȚȐ

27
ȇ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕțȦ ȟȈșȚȤ ȏȈȓȈ ȋȌȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ șȚȖ-
ȓȈ șȋȘțȌȐȓȖșȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ ȜȐȋțȘ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȊȖȠȍȓ
Ȋ șȊȍȚȓțȦ ȗȖȓȖșț Ȕȍȕȧ țȏȕȈȓȐ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȒȖȍ «țȘȈ» ȗȖȚȘȧșȓȖ
ȋțȓȒȐȍ șȊȖȌȣ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȖȚȍȓȧ
— ǪȖȚ Ȗȕ ȊȖȚ Ȗȕ — ȕȈȗȍȘȍȉȖȑ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ ȋȖȓȖșȈ — ǬȈȑȚȍ
ȍȔț ȍȋȖ ȌȖȓȦ
ǷȍȘȍȌ ȉțȜȍȚȖȔ șȚȖȧȓ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ Ȗȕ ȊȣȕȐȔȈȓ ȓȖȗȈȚȖȟȒȖȑ
Ȑȏ ȝȘțșȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȊȈȏȣ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȊȈȚȖȍ ȚȍșȚȖ ȐȓȐ ȊȈȘȍ-
ȕȤȍ Ȑ ȒȓȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȒțșȖȟȒț Ȋ ȗȈȓȍȞ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȖȑ ȕȈ ȉȓȦȌȍȟȒȐ
ȧȗȖȕșȒȖȋȖ ȜȈȘȜȖȘȈ ȗȖȌȓȍ ȏȖȓȖȟȍȕȖȑ ȓȖȎȒȐ
dzȐȞȖ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ șȐȧȓȖ ȥȕȚțȏȐȈȏȔȖȔ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȓȍșȚȍȓȐ ȡȍȒȐ
ȗȣȓȈȓȐ ȘțȔȧȕȞȍȔ Ȋȍȕȣ ȕȈ ȊȐșȒȈȝ ȕȈȗȘȧȋȓȐșȤ ȘȈȏȌțȊȈȦ-
ȡȐȍșȧ ȕȖȏȌȘȐ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȌȣȠȈȓȐ
— ȅȚȖ ȊȣȟȚȍȚșȧ Ȑȏ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȌȖȓȐ ȘȈȑșȒȖȋȖ ȉȓȈȎȍȕșȚȊȈ —
șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȧ Ȕȕȍ ȔȖȦ ȗȖȘȞȐȦ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȕȈȌȖȉȤȧ ȗȐȓȐ ȒȖȜȍ ȗȖ-ȈȘȈȉșȒȐ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ș
ȋțȡȍȑ Ȑ ȉȍȏ șȈȝȈȘȈ ȗȖȚȖȔ șȍȓȐ ȏȈ șȚȖȓ
ǿȐȚȈȚȍȓȧ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ țȌȐȊȐȚ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȕȈȘțȠȍȕȐȍ ȒțȓȐȕȈȘ-
ȕȣȝ ȖȉȣȟȈȍȊ ȐȉȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȤȍȚ ȒȖȜȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ șțȗȖȔ ȊȈȘȍȕȤȍ
ȚȖȎȍ ȍȌȧȚ ȕȈ ȌȍșȍȘȚ ȅȚȖ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ ȘȈȏȢȧșȕȍ-
ȕȐȧ
Ǫ șȒȖȉȒȈȝ
DzȖȋȌȈ-ȚȖ ȕȈ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ șȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ ȘȈȏȉȖȑȕȐ-
ȟȤȧ șȍȒȚȈ ǪȖ ȋȓȈȊȍ ȍȍ șȚȖȧȓ Ƞȍȑȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȏȊȈȓȐ ǹȚȈȘȐ-
ȒȖȔ ǫȖȘ ȐȓȐ DzȕȧȏȍȔ ǻȉȐȑȞ ǸȈȏȉȖȑȕȐȒȐ ȉȍșȗȘȍȒȖșȓȖȊȕȖ
ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȈȓȐșȤ șȊȖȍȔț ȋȓȈȊȍ Ȑ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȓȐ ȓȦȉȣȍ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȈȏȣ ȉȍȏ ȘȈșșțȎȌȍȕȐȑ ǵȐȒȈȒȈȧ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ȕȍ ȗțȋȈȓȈ Ȑȝ ȌȈ-
Ȏȍ ȊȍȘȕȈȧ șȔȍȘȚȤ ǷȖ ȖȌȕȖȔț ȏȕȈȒț șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȧ ȖȕȐ
ȉȘȖșȈȓȐșȤ ȊȕȐȏ ș ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ ȉȈȠȕȐ ȐȓȐ ȠȓȐ țȉȐȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȞȈȘȧ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȍȞ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȎț
ǵȖ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȔȖȋ ȌȖȉȐȚȤșȧ ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ǫȖȘ șȚȖȓȤ ȗȖȓ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ"
Ƕȕ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȓ ȘȍȞȍȗȚȖȔ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȟțȌȍșȕȖȋȖ șȕȈȌȖȉȤȧ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȍ ȕȈȌȍȓȧȍȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȖșȓȍȗȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȧȔȐ

ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȖȚȊȍȌȈȊȠȐȑ ȍȋȖ ȝȖȚȤ ȘȈȏ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓ ȗȖșȓȍ șȊȖȍ-
ȋȖ ȗȘȖȉțȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȘȍȈȓȤȕțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȉȍșȞȊȍȚȕȖȑ Ȑ țȕȣ-
ȓȖȑ ȟȚȖ ș ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ ȎȍȘȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȍȦ ȓȐȠȤ ȉȣ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȗȈșȚȤ
Ȋ ȔȐȘ șȊȖȐȝ ȋȘȍȏ Ȁȍȑȝ Ȏȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȒȚȖ ȗȖȋȐȉ
ȗȘȐ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȊȍȓȍȕȐȑ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȍȚ Ȋ ȘȈȑ Ȉ Ȑȏȉȍȋ-
ȕțȊȠȐȑ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ șȕȖȊȈ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȓșȧ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ șȕȈȌȖ-
ȉȤȍȔ
ǯȍȓȍȕȖȊȈȚȖȍ ȚȍșȚȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȖȌȍȓȧȓ ȕȈș ȌȖȒȚȖȘ Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ
ȚȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȏȍȓȤȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ǫȖȘ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȖȌțȘȔȈ-
ȕȐȊȈȓ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȘȐȊȍȘȎȍȕȞȍȊ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȧ Ȑȝ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ
ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊț ȗȖȌȊȓȈșȚȍȕ ȌȈȎȍ ǴȈȋȖȔȍȚȖȊ ȘȈȑ ș ȍȋȖ ȋțȘȐȧȔȐ
ȚȘȍȝ șȚȍȗȍȕȍȑ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȋȈȠȐȠ ǶȚșȦȌȈ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ șȓȖȊȖ
ȋȈȠȐȠȐșȚ ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȦȡȐȑ ȋȈȠȐȠ ǶȕȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȘ-
ȕȧ șȖ șȓȖȊȖȔ țȉȐȑȞȈ — DVVDVVLQ DzȘȖȊȖȎȈȌȕȣȍ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȣ
ȗȖȌȌȈȕȕȣȝ ǹȚȈȘȐȒȈ ǫȖȘ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȣȊȈȦȚ ȥȚȖ ȌȐȒȖȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ
ȇ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȓȦȌȧȔ ȊȐȌȍȊȠȐȔ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ
Ȋ ȖȉȍȌȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȈș ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȘȐȑȚȐ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȟȚȖ ȧ ȍȌț
ȕȈ ȗȈȚȘȐȈȘȝȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȖșȚȘȖȊ șȊȧȚȖȋȖ dzȦȌȖȊȐȒȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȊȍ-
ȌȈȚȤ ȚȈȔ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȏȍȓȤȧ ȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȊȍȒȖȊ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȔȖȠȍȕȕȐȒ-Ƞȍȑȝ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȓ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȘȐȊȍȘȎȍȕ-
ȞȍȊ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȚȤ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ țȉȐȑșȚȊȈ ǴȖȧ ȉțȘȎțȈȏȕȈȧ
ȕȈȘțȎȕȖșȚȤ ȕȍ ȌȍȓȈȓȈ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈȔȍȒȈ ȕȈ ȚȈȒțȦ ȖȘȐȍȕȚȈȓȤ-
ȕțȦ ȐȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȇ ȉȣȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȖȝȖȎ ȕȈ ȗȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȗȓȍȔȧȕȕȐȒȈ șȖȉȘȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȗȖȖȉȍȌȈȚȤ ț șȊȖȍȑ șȚȈȘȖȑ
ȚȍȚțȠȒȐ ȟȍȔ ȕȈ ȊȍȘțȦȡȍȋȖ ȋȖȚȖȊȧȡȍȋȖșȧ ȕȈșȓȈȌȐȚȤșȧ ȉȓȈ-
ȎȍȕșȚȊȖȔ ǴȈȋȖȔȍȚȖȊȈ ȘȈȧ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȈȘȈȉȖȊ
ȟȐșȚȍȑȠȍȑ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȐ
DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȊȈȔ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȋ  ȋȖȌț Ȋ ȥȚț
ȥȗȖȝț ȉȐȘȎȍȊȣȝ ȐȋȘ Ȑ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȝ ȌȖȘȖȋ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȓȓțȉ
ȋȈȠȐȠȐșȚȖȊ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ȋ-ȕ Ȍȍ ǫȈȔȔȍȘ
Ȋȣ ȉȣ ȥȚȖȔț ȕȍ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȓȐ Ȉ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȥȚȖ ȐșȚȐȕȕȈȧ ȗȘȈȊ-
ȌȈ ȝȖȚȧ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȟȈșȚȖ șȓțȟȈȍȚșȧ ș ȐșȚȐȕȖȑ ȖȕȈ Ȑ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ
ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖȑ
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ǷȐȘțȠȒȈ
ǵȈȠȈ ȚȘȈȗȍȏȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȍȘȊȐȘȖȊȈȕȈ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȖ Ȑ ȎȐȊȖ-
ȗȐșȕȖ ǪȔȍșȚȖ ȘȦȔȖȒ ȉțȚȣȓȖȒ Ȑ ȋȘȈȜȐȕȖȊ șȚȖȓ ȉȣȓ țș-
ȚȈȊȓȍȕ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ șȚȈȒȈȕȈȔȐ ȊȍȕȍȞȐȈȕșȒȖȋȖ șȚȍȒȓȈ ș ȔȈȚȖ-
ȊȣȔ șȗȐȘȈȓȍȊȐȌȕȣȔ țȏȖȘȖȔ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȔȐ ȉȖȒȈȓȈȔȐ ș ȋȍȘȉȈ-
ȔȐ Ȑ ȕȈȌȗȐșȧȔȐ ȜȓȈȔȈȕȌșȒȐȔȐ ȒȍȘȈȔȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȒȘțȎȒȈ-
ȔȐ ȖȗȓȍȚȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȚȘȖșȚȕȐȒȖȔ Ȑ ȉțȚȣȓȧȔȐ ș ȝȘțȗȒȐȔȐ ȋȖȘ-
ȓȣȠȒȈȔȐ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐ ȜȈȘȜȖȘȈ dzțȐ dzȍȉȍȜȈ ȕȐ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȖ-
ȋȖ ȘȈȏȘȐșȖȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȜȈȧȕșȈ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ țȒȘȈȠȈȦȡȐȝ ȉțȘȎțȈȏ-
ȕȣȑ șȚȖȓ ǵȐ ȖȌȕȈ ȚȈȘȍȓȒȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȈ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋțȦ ȕȖ
ȒȈȎȌȈȧ Ȑȝ ȕȐȝ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈ șȖȉȖȦ ȞȍȕȕȖșȚȤ DzȐȚȈȑ ȇȗȖ-
ȕȐȧ Ȑ ǹȈȒșȖȕȐȧ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȏȌȍșȤ ȖȉȘȈȏȞȣ șȈȔȣȝ ȒȘȈșȐ-
Ȋȣȝ șȊȖȐȝ ȉȓȦȌ șȈȔȣȝ ȧȘȒȐȝ șȊȖȐȝ ȒȘȈșȖȒ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȈȊ-
ȌȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȚȉȐȚȖ Ȑ ȗȖȚȘȍșȒȈȓȖșȤ ȕȖ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȖ ȕȈ
ȚȖȕȒȐȑ ȊȒțș ȝȖȏȧȍȊ
ǩȓȦȌȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȑ ȟȈșȚȤȦ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȋȓȈȏțȘȤȦ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȣ ǩȍȘȕȈȘȈ ǷȈȓȐșșȐ ȐȓȐ ȓȐȔȖȎșȒȖȋȖ ȜȈȧȕșȈ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȕȖȎ,
ȘȈȏȘȍȏȈȧ ȒțȠȈȕȤȍ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓ ȗȖ ȊȣȗțȒȓȖȔț ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȦ
ȗȘȍșȔȣȒȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ȓȧȋțȠȒȐ ȐȓȐ ȗȚȐȞȣ dzȍȎȈȡȐȑ ȕȈ ȚȈ-
ȘȍȓȒȍ țȋȖȘȤ șȗȓȍȚȈȓ șȊȖȐ ȐȏȋȐȉȣ ș ȒȖȓȤȞȈȔȐ țȒȘȈȠȈȊȠȍȑ
ȚȈȘȍȓȒț ȏȔȍȐ
ǿȍșȚȕȣȑ ȜȐȓȐșȚȍȘ ȕȈȊȍȘȕȖȍ ȐșȗȣȚȈȓ ȉȣ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
șȚȘȈȝ ȗȘȐ ȊȐȌȍ ȥȚȐȝ șȖȚȘȈȗȍȏȕȐȒȖȊ ȊȖȓȖșȈȚȣȝ ȉȖȘȖȌȈȚȣȝ
Ȑ țșȈȚȣȝ ȐȓȐ Ȏȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȊȣȉȘȐȚȣȝ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȐȊȈȦȡȐȝ ȒȐȕ-
ȎȈȓȈȔȐ ;9, șȚȖȓȍȚȐȧ ȔȈȓȈȑșȒȐȔȐ ȒȘȐșșȈȔȐ ȐșȗȈȕșȒȐȔȐ
ȕȈȊȈȝȈȔȐ ǹȖȋȕțȊȠȐȍșȧ ȕȈȌ șȚȖȓȖȔ Ȑ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȍ ȔȍȘȞȈȦ-
ȡȐȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȓȈȔȗ ȖȕȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ șȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȖȍ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȍ
ǻȎȐȕ ȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȒȖȕȞț Ȑȕȣȍ Ȑȏ ȈȌȍȗȚȖȊ țȎȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȓȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȋȖ ȚȍșȚȈ Ȉ ȕȈ ȔȖȦ ȌȖȓȦ ȊȣȗȈȓȖ ȗȖȓ-
ȕȖȍ ȐȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ȊȒțșȈ ȇ ȗȐȓ ȊȖȌț Ȉ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ
ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȖȍ ȊȐȕȖ ȔȧșȖ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȔȈȓȐȕț Ȑ
ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȖȚȓȐȟȐȚȤ ȒȖȚȓȍȚȣ ȖȚ ȗȍȘșȐȒȈ
ǴȖȐ șȖșȍȌȐ ȌȍȓȈȓȐșȤ Ȋșȍ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȤȕȍȍ ȕȈ Ȑȝ ȓȐȞȈȝ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ șȖȊȐȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȖșȣ țȌȓȐȕȧȓȐșȤ Ȑ

30
ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȝȖȉȖȚȣ ȘȚȣ ȘȈșȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȌȍȓȈȧșȤ ȗȖȝȖ-
ȎȐȔȐ ȕȈ ȡȍȓȤ ȉțȉȍȕȟȐȒȈ ǾȊȍȚ Ȑȝ ȓȐȞ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȓ ȕȍȍșȚȍ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȚȚȍȕȒȐ ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȉȓȍȌȕȖȓȐȞȣȑ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȉȖ-
ȘȖȌȣȑ ȘȈșȒȈȚȐșȚȖ ȝȖȝȖȚȈȓ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȧșȤ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȕȍȊȐȌȐ-
ȔȣȔ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȍȔ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȓȈȓ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȍ țșȐȓȐȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȗȖȌȕȍșȚȐ ȒȖ ȘȚț șȚȈȒȈȕ Ȑ ȍȋȖ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȣȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ Ȋȣȏȣ-
ȊȈȓȐ ȖȋȓțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȖȑ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȐȝ
ǺȘȍȚȐȑ ș ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ ȊȍȘȚȍȓ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȗȈȓȤ-
ȞȈȔȐ Ȉ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȣȑ ȖȚȒȐȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȒț ȒȘȍșȓȈ ș ȉȓțȎ-
ȌȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȉȍșșȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȊȐșȠȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ șȓȈȌȖ-
șȚȘȈșȚȕȖ țȚȖȗȈȓ Ȋ ȉȍȏȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȖȔ ȔȖȘȍ ȕȐȘȊȈȕȣ
ǶȗȍȘȠȐșȤ Ȗ șȚȖȓ ȓȖȒȚȧȔȐ ȧ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓ ȏȈ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȧ-
ȡȐȔ ǶșȚȈȚȖȒ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȘȈșșțȌȒȈ ȚȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȐșȟȍȏȈȓ ȚȖ șȕȖȊȈ ȘȈȏ-
ȋȖȘȈȓșȧ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȋȖȚȖȊȣȑ ȗȖȚțȝȕțȚȤ ȕȖȟȕȐȒ ǴȖȐ ȟȓȍȕȣ ȋȖ-
ȘȍȓȐ Ȑ ȉȍȏțȔȐȍ, ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȊȖȓȕȍ ȖȚșȚțȗȈȦȡȍȑ ȖȚ șȒȈȓȣ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ șȕȖȊȈ ȕȈȒȈȚȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ Ȑ ȏȈȝȓȍșȚȕțȚȤ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȍȕȖȑ ȚȖ Ȗȝ-
ȊȈȚȣȊȈȓȖ ȔȖȑ ȔȖȏȋ ȚȖ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȗȘȖȟȕȖ
ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȖ ȐȔ ȇ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ
— Ǫ ȋȖșȚȐȕțȦ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐȕțȦ — ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ
ȋȖșȚȍȑ — ȘȈȏȊȍ Ȋȣ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȐȚȍ ȏȊțȒȖȊ ȕȍȉȍșȕȖȋȖ ȝȖȘȈ" Ǵț-
ȏȣȒȈȕȚȣ țȎȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȎȌțȚ
ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȠțȔ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȖȊ ȌȖ ȕȈș ȌȖȕȖșȐ-
ȓȈșȤ ȌȐȊȕȈȧ ȔțȏȣȒȈ
ǵȍȏȊȈȕȣȑ ȋȖșȚȤ
ǫȖșȚȐȕȈȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈ ș ȉȍȓȣȔȐ Ȑ ȏȖȓȖȟȍ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȓȍȗȕȣȔȐ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȐȧȔȐ ș ȘȈșȗȐșȕȣȔ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȖȔ ș ȜȘȐ-
ȏȈȔȐ ȘȈȏȘȐșȖȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ șȈȚȐȘȈȔȐ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌțȦȡȐȔȐ Ȋ ȚȘȖșȚ-
ȕȐȒȈȝ ȕȐȔȜ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȕȣȔ ȒȈȔȐȕȖȔ Ȑ ș ȠȐȘȖȒȐ-
ȔȐ ȗȈȘȟȖȊȣȔȐ ȗȖȘȚȤȍȘȈȔȐ ȌȣȠȈȡȐȔȐ ȘȖșȒȖȠȤȦ șȚȈȘȐȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ ǴȧȋȒȐȍ ȌȐȊȈȕȣ Ȑ ȒȘȍșȓȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȍ ȗȖ
ȔȖȌȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȔȧȚȤ ȗȣȠȕȣȝ ȦȉȖȒ ȋȍȘȞȖ-
ȋȐȕȤ Ȑ ȔȈȘȒȐȏ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐ ȋȈȠȐȠȐșȚȖȊ Ȋ șȊȖȐ ȋȖșȚȍȗȘȐȐȔ-
ȕȣȍ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧ

31
ǻșȍȊȠȐșȤ ȗȖȌȓȍ ȒȈȔȐȕȈ ȧ ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ ȖȚȌȈȓșȧ ȊȓȈșȚȐ
ȔȈȋȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȏȍȓȤȧ
ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ Ȑ ȔȖȐ șȖȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ
ȖȌȐȕ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȖșȚȈȊȐȊ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȍ ȓȐȠȤ șȊȖȐ ȚȍȕȐ ǪȗȘȖ-
ȟȍȔ ȖȕȈ Ȑȝ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȋȓȖȚȐȓȈ ȚȈȒ ȊȖȌȈ țȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȗȍșȖȒ ȕȍ
ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȧ ȔȖȒȘȣȝ ȗȧȚȍȕ ǵȈȟȐȕȈȧ ș ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ȧ ȗȍ-
ȘȍșȚȈȓ ȖșȖȏȕȈȊȈȚȤ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȍȍ Ȑ ȉțȌț ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȔȖȐ ȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ
ǹȓȈȉȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȈȧ ȋȖșȚȐȕȈȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȗțșȚȈ Ȑ ȊȌȘțȋ ȒȘȈș-
ȕȈȧ ȔȖȓȕȐȧ șȊȍȘȒȕțȓȈ ȗȖȌ ȔȖȐȔȐ ȊȍȒȈȔȐ șȈȔȐ șȖȉȖȑ
ȊșȗȣȝȕțȓȐ ȉȍșȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȍ șȊȍȟȐ Ȑ ȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ țȚȖ-
ȗȈȦ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȚȍȗȓȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ ȇ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȕȖ
Ȋșȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȖșȤ șȚȈȓȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȉȖȋȈȟȍ ȗȣȠȕȍȍ Ǭȍȑ-
șȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ șȓțȎȐȓȈ ȓȐȠȤ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȕȖȑ ȚȖȟȒȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȊȍȓȐ-
ȒȖȓȍȗȕȖȑ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȐ
ȇ ȍȡȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȖ țȎȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȍ
ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȚȖȓȗȣ
ȇ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȠȍȓȍșȚ ȚȒȈȕȍȑ șȚțȒ ȉȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȉȈȠȔȈȟȒȖȊ
ȠȍȗȟțȡȐȍ ȠȍȗȍȓȧȊȧȡȐȍ șȦșȦȒȈȦȡȐȍ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȗȘȐȋȓțȠȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȊȏȘȣȊȣ șȔȍȝȈ ȠțȔ ȗȍȘȍȌȊȐȋȈȍȔȣȝ șȚȖȓȖȊ Ȑ șȚțȓȤȍȊ
ǬȖȕȖșȐȓșȧ ȏȊȖȕ ȗȖșțȌȣ ȝȓȖȗȈȕȤȍ ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖ-
ȌȐȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȍ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȏȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖȍ
șțȡȍșȚȊȖ
ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȖȕȖ ȊȏȧȓȖșȤ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȐșȗțȋȈȓșȧ ǻ ȕȍȋȖ
ȉȣȓ ȐȏȖȋȕțȚȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȗȚȐȟȐȑ ȒȓȦȊ ȕȖș Ȑ Ȗȕ ȟȈșȚȖ ȊȣȚȐȘȈȓ
ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔ ȗȓȈȚȒȖȔ șȊȖȐ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ, ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȚȘȍȔȧ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȒȘțȋȈȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǪȣșȖȒȐȑ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȕȈȒȘȈȝȔȈȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȈȓ-
șȚțȒ Ȋ țȏȍȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȖȌȍȚȈ ȊȐȏȐȚȕȈȧ ȒȈȘȚȖȟȒȈ șȖ
șȓȖȊȈȔȐ — ǬȈȊȒțș DzȈȘȖȚȈ Ȑȏ «ǯȖȓȖȚȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȠȒȈ», — ȚȈȒ ȒȘȍȗ-
ȒȖ șȚȧȋȐȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȕȒțȦ ȠȍȦ ȟȚȖ ȒȖȎȈ ȡȍȒ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔȐ șȒȓȈȌ-
ȒȈȔȐ șȊȐșȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȊȖȘȖȚȕȐȒ ǿȍȘȕȣȑ șȦȘȚțȒ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȋȖ ȊȐȌȕȍȓȈșȤ șȊȧȏȒȈ ȉȘȍȓȖȒȖȊ ȖȉȚȧȋȐȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȖȒȘțȋȓȖȍ Țȍ-
ȓȖ ȌȍȓȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȔ ȕȈ ȒȈȗȓțȕȈ ǿȚȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋ ȚȖ
ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȕȐȝ ȉȣȓȐ ȒȖȘȕȐ ȔȈȕȌȘȈȋȖȘȣ ȘȈȏȊȍȚȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȟȍȘ-
ȕȣȍ ȠȍȘȖȝȖȊȈȚȣȍ țȏȓȖȊȈȚȣȍ Ȑ ȉȖȘȖȌȈȊȟȈȚȣȍ DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȖȕȐ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȣȘȊȈȕȣ Ȑȏ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȕȈ Ȑȝ ȊȖȓȖȒȖȕȞȈȝ ȍȡȍ ȊȐȌ-
ȕȍȓȐșȤ ȒțșȖȟȒȐ ȗȘȐșȚȈȊȠȍȑ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȅȚȐ ȕȖȋȐ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ
ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȈȓȐ Ȑ șȒȘțȟȐȊȈȓȐșȤ. DzȖȋȌȈ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-

32
ȒȐȑ ȚȖȘș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓȐ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȘȈȏȘȈȏȐȓȖșȤ ȘȣȌȈȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑ Ȋȣ-
ȚȐȘȈȧ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȒȈȏȈȓȖ Ȕȕȍ ȎȈȓȖȉȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
— ǰȔȍȕȕȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȕțȎȕȖ țȔȍȘȍȚȤ ȖȚ șȔȍȝȈ
ǰ ȒȘțȗȕȣȍ ȒȈȒ ȋȖȘȖȝ șȓȍȏȣ ȗȖȒȈȚȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔ ȍȋȖ
ȕȖșȈ
— ǶȚ șȔȍȝȈ ȖȚ șȔȍȝȈ — ȥȝȖȔ ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓșȧ ȝȖȘ ȕȍșȚȘȖȑ-
ȕȣȝ ȋȕțșȈȊȣȝ ȋȖȓȖșȖȊ
ǼȈȕȚȈȏȐȧ
ǪȏȋȓȧȕțȊ ȕȈ ȗȖȚȖȓȖȒ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȒ ȉȍȏ
ȚțȓȖȊȐȡ ȒȈȒ ȘȐșțȦȚ ȝȍȘțȊȐȔȖȊ ȕȖ ș ȚȈȒȐȔȐ ȏȈȉȈȊȕȣȔȐ Ȑ
șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȔȐ ȓȐȞȈȔȐ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȏȊȍșȍȓȐȓșȧ ǬȍȓȈȧ
ȋȘȐȔȈșȣ ȖȕȐ ȚȈȒ ȡțȘȐȓȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȘȈșȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȐ ȋțȉȣ Ȑ ȘȈȏȌț-
ȊȈȓȐ ȕȖȏȌȘȐ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȘȈșșȔȍȠȐȚȤ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȖȗȓȖȡȍȕȐȍ șȗȓȐ-
ȕȈ ȅȚȐ șȔȍȠȕȣȍ ȔȈșȒȐ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȊȍȘȚȍȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ
ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧȝ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȧ ȖșȓȍȗȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȒȘțȎȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ
ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȋȖșȚȐȕȈȧ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȓȈșȤ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȓȐȞȈ-
ȔȐ ȗȘȖȚȖȚȐȗȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȔȖȋȓȐ șȓțȎȐȚȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȖȜȖȘȚȣ DzȈȓ-
ȓȖ ȌȈ ȈȒȊȈȚȐȕȚȣ ǫȖȑȐ ȔȐȠțȘȈ șȔȍȠȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȏȌȍșȤ ș ȎȐȊȖ-
ȗȐșȕȣȔȐ ȓȖȝȔȖȚȤȧȔȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ ȖȉȘȈȏȣ șȖ ȏȊȍȘȐȕȣ-
ȔȐ Ǫ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȧ ȉȣ ȐșȗțȋȈȓșȧ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȐ ȕȖ
Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ țȘȖȌȈȝ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ ǰȝ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȊȍȘ-
ȒȈȓȐ ȕȍ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖșȚȤȦ Ȉ ȓțȒȈȊșȚȊȖȔ Ȑ ȓȐȠȤ ȊȍșȍȓȈȧ țȓȣȉ-
ȒȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓȈ ȚȖȘȟȈȡȐȍ ȒȓȣȒȐ Ȑ ȖșȚȘȣȍ ȘȍȏȞȣ
ȇ șȌȍȓȈȓșȧ ȒȍȔ-ȚȖ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȒȖȘȖȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒȈ ȒȈȎ-
ȌȖȍ ȕȖȊȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȊșȚțȗȈȓȖ Ȋ șȊȍȚȓȣȑ ȒȘțȋ ȞȍȕȚȘȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ
ȉȣȓ ȧ Ȑ ș ȏȈȉȈȊȕȖ-șȖȒȘțȠȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ
țȝȖ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȠțȚȒț ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȊșȗȖȔ-
ȕȐȚȤ ȕȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȊȍȘȝȖȔ ȖșȚȘȖțȔȐȧ Ȑ Ȋȣ-
ȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȑ șȔȍȝ
ǹ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ ȊȖȒȘțȋ Ȕȍȕȧ ȘȈȏȌȈ-
ȊȈȓȐșȤ ȘȈșȒȈȚȣ ȋȖȔȍȘȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȖȓȐȔȗȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȉȍȏȔȍȘȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȖȋȓțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȝȖȝȖȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȋȘȍȔȍȓ Ȋ ȉȍș-

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ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖșȚȐ
ǷȖȔȐȕțȚȕȖ șȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȊȖșȒȓȐȞȈȕȐȧ ȚȖ ȊȐȏȋȓȐȊȣȝ ȚȖ
ȏȈȔȖȋȐȓȤȕȣȝ ȋȖȓȖșȖȊ — ǵȍȚ ȥȚȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ șȔȍȠȕȖ ǬȖ-
ȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ ȒȈȒȈȧ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȤ ǭȡȍ ȍȡȍ ǽȊȈ-
ȚȐȚ ȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ǽȖ-ȝȖ-ȝț-ȝț-ȝȐ-ȝȐ DzȈȒȈȧ țȌȈȟȕȈȧ
ȠțȚȒȈ DzȈȒȖȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȒȈȓȈȔȉțȘ ǷȖșȚȖȑȚȍ ȇ ȏȈȌȖȝȕțșȤ
ǵȍ șȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȈȒ ȐȓȐ șȚȧȕȐȚȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȉȘțȟȈȔȐ ȕȍ
ȚȖ ȧ ȓȖȗȕț
ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȐ ȗȖȓțȠțȚȓȐȊȣȍ ȗȖȓțșȍȘȤȍȏȕȣȍ ȔȖȓȤ-
ȉȣ ȋȘȖȏȕȈȧ ȊȍșȍȓȖșȚȤ ȘȖșȓȈ ȠțȔ țșȐȓȐȊȈȓșȧ șȚȍȕȣ Ȑ ȗȖȓ
ȌȖȔȈ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȌȘȖȎȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȈȧ ȌȐȈȜȘȈȋ-
ȔȈ ȗȖȚȘȧșȍȕȕȣȍ ȥȚȐȔ ȕȍȐșȚȖȊȣȔ ȕȍțȒȘȖȚȐȔȣȔ ȕȍțȔȖȓȐ-
ȔȣȔ șȔȍȝȖȔ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȐ ȕȈȗȈȓȐ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋșȍȑ șȚȈȍȑ
ȗȖȚȘȧșȈȧ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȘțȒȈȊȈȔȐ ȠțȚȖȊșȒȖȑ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ ȗțȚȈȧșȤ
Ȋ șȒȓȈȌȒȈȝ ȉȈȓȈȝȖȕȖȊ șȔȐȕȈȧ șȊȖȐ ȒȈȘȚȖȕȕȣȍ ȕȖșȣ șȚȈȓ-
ȒȐȊȈȧșȤ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȧ ȖȉȓȈȒȈ ȗțȌȘȣ șȖ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȈȘȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȜȈȓȤ-
ȠȐȊȖ ȘȈșȗȍȊȈȧ ȕȍȓȍȗȣȍ ȗȍșȕȐ ș ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔȐ ȘȐȜȔȈȔȐ
ǯȌȍșȤ ȉȣȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȚȐȗȣ șȖȏȌȈȕȕȣȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȓȐȉȖ ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȦȔȖȘȖȔ ȕȈȘȖȌȖȊ Ȑ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȍȑ ȕȖ Ȋ ȌȍșȧȚȤ
Ȋ șȚȖ ȘȈȏ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȧȘȒȐȍ Ǫ ȥȚȖȑ ȕȍȊȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȔȖȑ șțȚȖȓȖȒȍ ȕȍȈ-
ȗȖȓȐȚȈȕșȒȐȑ ȗțȓȤȟȐȕȍȓȓȈ ȜȈȔȐȓȤȧȘȕȖ ȝȓȖȗȈȓ ȗȖ ȋȖȘȉț Ȉȕȋ-
ȓȐȑșȒȖȋȖ ȗȈȕȟȈ ȉȍȘȋȈȔșȒȐȑ ȈȘȓȍȒȐȕ ȚȍȘșȧ șȊȖȍȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ
ȔȖȘȌȖȟȒȖȑ Ȗȉ ȖșȣȗȈȕȕțȦ ȔțȒȖȑ ȔȈșȒț ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȋȖ ȗȈȧ-
ȞȈ ȐșȗțșȒȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȌȐȒȐȍ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȉȖȓȖȕșȒȐȑ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȏȈșȣȗȈȓ
ȚȈȉȈȒȖȔ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȖȚȞȈ DzȈșșȈȕȌȘȈ ǺȈȘȚȈȓȤȧ șȒȈȒȈȓ ȊȍȘȝȖȔ ȕȈ
ȒȓȖțȕȍ ǮȐȓȤ țȋȖȡȈȓ ȗȐȕȒȈȔȐ ȌȖȕȈ ǹȗȈȊȍȕȚȖ DzȈȘȈȋȨȏ ȊȖ-
ȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȑ șȊȖȐȔ ȕȍȗȘȐșȚȖȑȕȣȔ ȗȖșȖȝȖȔ ȌȘȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȌțȥȓȐ
ș ȠțȚȖȔ ǶșȒȖȔ
ǬȈȓȤȠȍ ȉȍșȕȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȗȍȘșȖȕȈȎȐ ȏȈȉȈȊȕȣȝ șȕȖȊ țȘȖȌ-
ȓȐȊȣȍ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȈȧ ȗȖȔȍșȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ
Ȑ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȍȑ țȚȊȈȘȐ ȔȖȕȈȝȐ ș ȒȖȓȍșȐȒȈȔȐ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȕȖȋ Ȑ
ȒȖȚȓȖȔ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȎȐȊȖȚȈ ȊȖȐȕȣ Ȋ ȓȈȚȈȝ Ȑȏ ȗȖșțȌȣ Ȑ ș ȗȚȐ-
ȟȤȐȔȐ ȓȈȗȈȔȐ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȐȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȕȕȣȔȐ șȈȉȓȧȔȐ ȟȐ-
ȕȖȊȕȐȒȐ ȒȘțȚȧȡȐȍșȧ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȚȍȓȍ ȒȖȘȖȓȐ ș ȉȈȠȕȍȑ Ȋ ȜȖȘ-
Ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȟȕȐȞȣ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȕȖȋ ȈȓȝȐȔȐȒȐ ș ȔȍȝȈȔȐ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȋȖȓȖ-
Ȋȣ Ȑ ș ȟȓȍȕȈȔȐ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȒțȉȈ ȘȈȏȊȘȈȚȕȐȞȣ șȌȍ-
ȓȈȕȕȣȍ Ȑȏ ȚȣȒȊȣ ș ȗȘȐȝȖȚȓȐȊȣȔȐ ȊȣȗțȒȓȖșȚȧȔȐ Ȑ ȊȖȖȉ-

34
ȡȍ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȖȏȌȈȚȤ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟȕȈȧ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȧ ȞȐȕȐȒȈ
ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȍȔ
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȠȍȊȍȓȐȓȖșȤ ȗȖȓȏȈȓȖ ȉȍȋȈȓȖ ȗȘȣȋȈȓȖ ȝȘȦȒȈ-
ȓȖ șȊȐșȚȈȓȖ ȒȈȒ Ȋ «ǪȈȓȤȗțȘȋȐȍȊȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ» ǫȍȚȍ
ȇ șȗȘȧȚȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȣȑ țȋȖȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȐȏȉȍȋȕțȚȤ ȟȘȍȏȔȍȘ-
ȕȖȑ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖșȚȐ ȥȚȐȝ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȝ șțȡȍșȚȊ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȓȦȉȖȊȈȚȤșȧ
Ȑȝ ȚȈȕȞȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȖ ȕȐ ǪȖȏȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ ȀȐ-
ȒȈȘȈ ȕȐ ǶȗȍȘȈ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ ȊȓȈȌȣȟȍșȚȊȈ ǴȦȏȈȘȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȒȖȘȖȓȧ
ȘȈȏȕțȏȌȈȕȕȖȑ ȒȈȌȘȐȓȐ ȅȚȐ ȗȓȧșțȕȣ Ȋ Țȣșȧȟț ȘȈȏ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȚȈ-
ȓȈȕȚȓȐȊȣȍ ȟȍȔ ǴȖȓȤȍȘ ǸȈȉȓȍ ǹȊȐȜȚ Ȑ ǪȖȓȤȚȍȘ ȐȏȖȉȘȈ-
ȎȈȓȐ ȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȖȔ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȈȕȚȘȈȠȈ ȐȓȐ ȉȈȓȈȕșȍ ȚȈ-
ȒȐȍ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜșȒȐȍ ȒȖȔȍȌȐȐ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȓȕȣȍ șȐȓȣ Ȑ ȗȐ-
ȒȈȕȚȕȖȑ șȖȓȐ șȈȚȐȘȣ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȌȍȘȎȈȓșȧ ȏȈ ȉȖȒȈ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ țȋȓț
ǬȈȊȒțș DzȈȘȖȚȈ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ țȚȐȘȈȧ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊȣȌȍȓȣȊȈȓ ȗȐȘțȥ-
Țȣ ȕȍȔȣșȓȐȔȣȍ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ Ȍȓȧ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȕȖ-
ȋȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ȒȖȘȕȧ ȔȈȕȌȘȈȋȖȘȣ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȧ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȏȈȉȈȊȕȖ ȎȈ-
ȓȖșȚȕȣȔ ȚȖȕȖȔ — ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȕțȎȕȖ țȔȍȘȍȚȤ ȖȚ șȔȍȝȈ
Ƕ Ȋȣ ȊȖșȝȐȡȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȓȐȉȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȖȑ ȚțȗȖ-
șȚȤȦ ǶȌȘȐ ȝȘȐȗȓȣȔ ȊȏȌȖȘȖȔ ǨȓȒȐȌȈ Ǻțȏȍ șȈȔȖțȊȍȘȍȕȕȖȑ
ȋȓțȗȖșȚȤȦ ǨȘȕȈȓȧ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȤȐȔȐ ȋȘȐȔȈșȈȔȐ ǸȈȊȍȓȧ Ȑ ȌțȔȈȊ-
ȠȐȍ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȍ ȒȖȔȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȔȈșȒȐ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȋȣ
ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȉȈȓț ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȓȍȕȕȖȔ ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ
Ȋȣ ȉȣ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȓȐ ȟȚȖ ș șȈȔȣȝ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȝ ȒȖȔȐȒȖȊ ȕȈȠȐȝ
ȚȍȈȚȘȖȊ ȊȗȖȘț ȓȍȗȐȚȤ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȐȧ Ȍȓȧ ȒȈȚȈȜȈȓȒȖȊ Ȑ ȋȘȖȉ-
ȕȐȞǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȖ șȒȖȘȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȜȐȏȐȖȕȖȔȐȑ șȒȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȗȖȌȔȐȋȐȊȈȦȡȐȝ ȋȓȈȏ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȐȝ ȕȈșȔȍȠȒȖȑ ȗȖȌ ȗȚȐ-
ȟȤȍȑ ȗȓȍȕȒȖȑ DzȈȒȖȑ ȖșȒȈȓ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȡȍȓȤ ȒȖȗȐȓȒȐ DzȈȒȐȍ
ȘȚȣ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȣȘțȉȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȚȖȗȖȘȖȔ DzȈȒȐȍ ȏȈȉȈȊȕȣȍ ȌȊȍȕȈȌ-
ȞȈȚȐȋȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȕȖșȣ DzȈȒȐȍ ȚȖȓșȚȣȍ ȗȈȕȚȈȋȘȦȥȓȍȊșȒȐȍ ȎȐ-
ȊȖȚȣ
Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȒȐȠȍȕȐȐ ȊȍșȍȓȖȋȖ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȈ ȔȖȓȕȐȧȔȐ ȔȍȓȤȒȈ-
ȓȐ ȟȤȐ-ȚȖ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȍ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȣ ȒȈȘȐȒȈȚțȘȣ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȗȖȏȈȊȐȌȖȊȈȓȐ ȉȣ ǬȖȔȤȍ Ȑ ǫȈȊȈȘȕȐ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȐ șȗȖ-
șȖȉȕȣȍ ȊȖșȝȐȚȐȚȤ ȟțȌȍșȕȣȝ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȝ ȔȈșȚȍȘȖȊ ȥȚȐȝ ǼȐȌȐȍȊ
ȐȏȋȖȚȖȊȓȧȦȡȐȝ ȉȖȓȊȈȕȟȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȜȈȘȜȖȘȖȊȣȍ șȚȈȚțȥȚȒȐ
ȅȚȐ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȐ țȘȖȌȓȐȊȣ ȕȐ șȔȍȠȕȣ ȥȚȖȚ
ȒȈȘȕȈȊȈȓ ȜȖȘȔ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȓȖȕ ȋȘȈȞȐȐ ǶȒȖȓȖ ȒȈȔȐȕȈ ȒȈȟȈȓȈșȤ

35
ȖȉȘȈȔȓȍȕȕȈȧ șȊȍȚȓȣȔȐ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȒȈ ș ȗȍȘ-
șȐȒȖȊȣȔȐ ȡȍȒȈȔȐ Ǫ șȊȖȍȔ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȒȍ ȊȍșȍȓȖ-
șȚȐ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȤ ȌȊȈ ȏțȉȈ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȖȑ ș ȘȐ-
șȖȊȖȍ ȏȍȘȕȖ ȏȈȓȐȊȈȧșȤ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȌȖȓȋȐȔ ȗȘȖȕȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ
ȗȍȘȍȓȐȊȟȈȚȣȔ șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȣȔ șȔȍȝȖȔ ș ȚȘȍȓȧȔȐ Ȑ ȖȘȋȈȕȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȕȖȚȈȔȐ ǷȘȖȕȐȒȈȧ Ȋ ȔȖȐ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȕȒȐ ȝȖȝȖȚ
ȍȍ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȚȤ ȔȈșșț șțȔȈșȉȘȖȌșȚȊ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȉȍȠȍȕȖȍ ȊȍșȍȓȤȍ ȌȖșȚȐȋȓȖ ȈȗȖȋȍȧ șȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ
ȓȐȠȤ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȣȍ ȊȏȌȖȝȐ ȕȍșȊȧȏȕȖȍ ȒȓȖȝȚȈȕȤȍ ǹȔȍȝ șȚȈȓ
ȉȍȏȏȊțȟȕȣȔ Ȑ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ ȘȣȟȈȕȐȍ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ ȗȍȘȍȝȖ-
ȌȐȓȖ Ȋ șȗȈȏȔȣ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȐȗȍȊ ǬȈȊȒțșȈ DzȈȘȖȚȈ ȊȖȚ-ȊȖȚ
șȉțȌȍȚșȧ
ǺȍȓȈ ȖȌȐȕ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȊȈȓȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ ș ȚȖȑ ȊȧȓȖȑ Țȧ-
ȎȍșȚȤȦ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȍ ȕȍȖȗȈșȕȣȔ ȗȖ-
șȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȊȖșȒȓȐȞȈȕȐȧ — ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ ȒȈȒ ȧ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊ DzȈȒȖȍ
ȉȓȈȎȍȕșȚȊȖ ȇ Ȋ ȥȒșȚȈȏȍ ȇ Ȋ ȘȈȦ ȇ ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȉȍȏȌȕț
ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȑ
ǽȘȐȗȓȣȍ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȑȏ șȚȍșȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȋȘțȌȐ ȘțȒȐ
ȉȍȏțȔȕȖ ȗȘȖșȚȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȊșȓȍȌ ȒȈȒȖȔț-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȔȐȔȖȓȍȚȕȖȔț
ȊȐȌȍȕȐȦ ȒȈȉȓțȒȐ Ȑ ȏȈȚȣȓȒȐ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȐȓȐ Ȋ ȗȖȓ ǵȈșȚȈȓ ȔȖ-
ȔȍȕȚ ȉȘȣȏȕțȚȤ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȎȋțȟȐȑ ȗȈȘ ȐȕȈȟȍ
ȒȖȚȍȓ ȔȖȋ ȓȖȗȕțȚȤ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȈȧ ȖȉȖȓȖȟȒȈ șȗȖșȖȉȕȈȧ Ȋȣ-
ȕȍșȚȐ șȒȖȓȤ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȋȖȘȧ ȕȖ ȕȍ șȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȡȈȧșȧ ș ȐȏȉȣȚȒȖȔ
șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȋȖȚȖȊȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȘȈȏȖȘȊȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȗȖȘȖȔ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈ
ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȟȓȍȕȖȊ ȒȓțȉȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖ ȖȉȣȟȈȦ ȕȍ țȟȈșȚȊțȍȚ Ȋ
șȓȈȌȖșȚȘȈșȚȕȖȔ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȓȍȌȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȋȈȓ-
ȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȧȔȐ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȊȣȉȘȖșȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ ȚȍȔ,
ȒȚȖ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȏȈ șȗȐȕȖȑ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȗȐȈȕȐȕȖ
ȖȚȒȐȕțȓ ȒȘȣȠȒț Ȑ ȏȈȐȋȘȈȓ ǪȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȖȋțȟȐȑ ȈȒ-
ȒȖȘȌ șȘȈȏț ȏȈȋȓțȠȐȓ ȠțȔ Ȑ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦ-
ȡȐȝ.
DzȍȑȜ
Ƕȕ ȏȈȐȋȘȈȓ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȈȘȐȦ ǨȋȈȚȣ Ȑȏ «ǪȖȓȠȍȉȕȖȋȖ șȚȘȍȓ-
ȒȈ» Ȑ, ȒȈȒ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȘȈȏȋȖȕȧȍȚ ȚțȟȐ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȥȚȈ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ Ȕȍ-

36
ȓȖȌȐȧ ȘȈșșȍȧȓȈ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȣȍ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ ȔȖȍȑ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈ-
ȞȐȐ ǴȈșȒȐ ȋȘȐȔȈșȕȐȟȈȧ ȏȈȓȍȏȈȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȒȘȍșȓȈ ș ȗȘȐȋȓț-
ȠȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȊȏȌȖȝȈȔȐ ȗȘȧȚȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȒȓȈȌȒȐ ȗȖȘȚȤȍȘ Ȑ ȧ șȕȖ-
ȊȈ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȔ Ȋ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȋȖșȚȐȕȖȑ
DzȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȜȘȐȉțȘșȒȐȑ ȖȘȋȈȕ ȕȍ ȐȏȌȈȍȚ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȔȖȋț-
ȟȐȝ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȊțȒȖȊ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȗȐȈȕȐȕȖ ȗȖȌ ȗȈȓȤȞȈ-
ȔȐ ȧșȕȖȊȐȌȞȈ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȚȘȍȏȊȖȋȖ ȟȓȍȕȈ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȒȓțȉȈ

ǴțȏȣȒȈ ȗȣȓȈȦȡȐȔȐ șȚȘȍȓȈȔȐ ȊȖȕȏȈȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȤ Ȑ —
șȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ ȊȍȡȤ — șȒȖȘȖ Ȕȕȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȔȍȓȖȌȐȧ Ȑș-
ȝȖȌȐȚ Ȑȏ Ȕȍȕȧ ǴȖȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȣ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȖȑ ȒȓȈ-
ȊȐȈȚțȘȍ ȘȖȎȌȈȧ ȏȊțȒȐ ȋȖȓțȉȣȍ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ ȥȓȍȒȚ-
ȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȐșȒȘȈȔ ǬțȠȈ ǪȍȉȍȘȈ ȊȖȗȓȖȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ Ȕȍȕȧ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȈȘȐȧ Ȑȏ «ǪȖȓȠȍȉȕȖȋȖ șȚȘȍȓȒȈ» ȖȚȏȊțȟȈȓȈ ȧ ȗȘȖ-
ȌȖȓȎȈȓ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȐȔȗȘȖȊȐȏȈȞȐȐ Ȋ Ȍțȝȍ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȔ-
ȗȖȏȐȚȖȘȈ ǴțȏȣȒȈ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȕȍȖȗȐșțȍȔȣȑ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋ
ǮȈȓȤ ȟȚȖ ȔȈȋȐȟȍșȒȈȧ șȚȍȕȖȋȘȈȜȐȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȏȈȗȐșȈȚȤ ȊȌȖȝ-
ȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȔȍȓȖȌȐȑ ȏȊțȟȈȊȠȐȝ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ țȠȈȝ ȗȘȐ Ȋșȍȑ ȔȖȍȑ
șȒȘȖȔȕȖșȚȐ ȔȖȋț Ȑȝ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȊȣȠȍ ȠȍȌȍȊȘȖȊ ǸȖșșȐȕȐ
ǴȍȑȍȘȉȍȘȈ Ȑ ǼȍȓȐșȤȍȕȈ ǬȈȊȐȌȈ
Ƕ ǷȐȓȓȍ Ȑ ǪȈȚȍȓȤ dzȦȉȈȧ Ȑȏ ǺȘȐȌȞȈȚȐ ȖȗȍȘ șȖȏȌȈȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȔȕȖȦ Ȋ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ Ȋ ȗȖȓȋȖȌȈ șȌȍȓȈȓȈ
ȉȣ ȊȈș ȉȖȋȈȟȈȔȐ
ǷȍȘȊȖȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȈȧ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȈȧ ȊȍșȍȓȖșȚȤ șȔȍȕȐȓȈșȤ ȕȍ-
ȐȏȢȧșȕȐȔȖ ȉȓȈȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȔ ȉȍȏȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȒȖȧ
ȅȚȖȚ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȕȈ ȊȖșȚȖȒȍ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ Ȓȍȑ-
ȜȖȔ ȇ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ șȊȧȏȤ ȌțȠȐ ș ȚȍȓȖȔ ȖșȓȈȉ-
ȓȈ Ȑ ȧ ȔȖȋ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ȌȊȐȋȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȕȍ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȡȍȑ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȍ șȘȍȌȍ
Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȚȈȒȖȊȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȌțȠȐ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȖșȚȈȊȐȔ ȕȈȠț ȉȘȍȕȕțȦ ȖȉȖȓȖȟȒț Ȑ ȗȍȘȍșȍȓȐȔșȧ Ȋ
ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȔȐȘ
DzȖȔȕȈȚȈ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȓȈșȤ ȋȖȓțȉȖȊȈȚȣȔ ȗȈȘȖȔ ȖȚȉȓȍșȒȖȔ ȓȈ-
ȏțȘȕȖȋȖ ȋȘȖȚȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȕȍȧșȕȖ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȈȓȐ șȔțȚȕȣȍ ȒȖȕȚțȘȣ
ȅȚȈ ȈȚȔȖșȜȍȘȈ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ șȊȍȎȈȧ Ȑ ȚȍȗȓȈȧ ȊȓȈȎȕȈȧ Ȑ
ȉȓȈȋȖțȝȈȦȡȈȧ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȌȈ Ȋ ȊȈȕȕȍ Ȗȉȍș-
șȐȓȐȊȈȦȡȍȑ șȓȈȌȖșȚȤȦ ȗȖȞȍȓțȍȊ ǭșȓȐ ȧ ȝȖȚȍȓ șȌȊȐȕțȚȤșȧ
ș ȔȍșȚȈ ȓȈșȒȈȦȡȐȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȣȊȈȓ ȊȖȒȘțȋ Ȕȍȕȧ Țȣșȧ-
ȟȐ șȓȈȌȖșȚȘȈșȚȕȣȝ ȊȖȌȖȊȖȘȖȚȖȊ ȊȖșȝȐȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȐșȚȖȔȈ Ȗȝ-

37
ȊȈȚȣȊȈȓȈ ȔȖȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȒȓȖȕȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕ ȋȌȍ ȧ ȗȖ-
ȕȐȒ ȉȍȏ șȐȓ ȒȈȒ șȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ
ǰ ȧ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȦȚșȧ șȊȍȚ-
ȓȣȍ ȌțȝȐ Ȑ Ȉȕȋȍȓȣ ȘȈșșȍȒȈȧ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ ȋȖȘȕȐȍ Ȋȣ-
șȐ Ȑ ȘȈȑșȒȖȍ ȉȓȈȎȍȕșȚȊȖ
ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȔȍȠȐȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț ȥȒș-
ȚȈȏț ȕȐȒȈȒȖȍ ȏȍȔȕȖȍ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȖȔȘȈȟȈȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȟȐșȚȖȚȣ ǪȗȘȖ-
ȟȍȔ șȈȔȈ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȟțȎȌȈ ȌȐȊȕȖȔț șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȦ ȋȈȠȐȠȐșȚ
ǸȖȔȍȖ ȏȈȉȣȓ ȉȣ ǬȎțȓȤȍȚȚț ȉȍȌȕȖȍ ȌȐȚȧ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȉȣ ȗȘȖ-
șȚȐȘȈȓȖ ș ȉȈȓȒȖȕȈ șȊȖȐ ȈȓȍȉȈșȚȘȖȊȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ǸȖȔȍȖ
ȕȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȉȣ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȗȖ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȖȑ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ǰ ȝȖȚȧ ȧ șȚȘȈ-
șȚȕȖ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕ Ȋ ȐȌȍȈȓ ȦȕȖșȚȐ șȖȏȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȀȍȒșȗȐȘȖȔ ȧ
ȌȖȓȎȍȕ șȖȏȕȈȚȤșȧ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȍȑȠȈȧ ȌȖȟȤ ǪȍȘȖȕȣ ȕȍ ȏȈșȚȈ-
ȊȐȚ ȋȈȠȐȠȐșȚȈ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȠȍȊȍȓȤȕțȚȤșȧ
ǰ ȧ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȍȏ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȧ ȓȦȉȖȊȈȓșȧ
ȊȍȘȍȕȐȞȍȑ ȐȌȍȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȉȓȐșȚȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȈȚȓȈșȕȣȝ ȗȓȍȟ șȐȧȕȐȍ șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȣȝ ȋȘțȌȍȑ ȔȍȓȤȒȈȕȐȍ
ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȕȖȎȍȒ ș ȘȖȏȖȊȖȑ șȚțȗȕȍȑ ȕȍ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȧ ȗȘȐ
ȥȚȖȔ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȐșȒțȠȍȕȐȧ ǶȟȈȘȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȐ
șȔțȡȈȊȠȐȍ șȊȧȚȖȋȖ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓȐ ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȕȐ ȔȈ-
ȓȍȑȠȍȑ ȊȓȈșȚȐ
ǹȖȏȍȘȞȈȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȓȐȉȖ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ ȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ
ȟțȌȍșȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȧȓșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȔ Ȑ șȈȔ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ Ȋ
ȕȍȋȖ
ǺȈȒ ȧ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȕȐȔȜț ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ ȜȘȍșȒț ȐȏȖȉȘȈ-
ȎȈȦȡțȦ ȌȖȟȤ dzȈȌȖȕȈ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌțȍȔțȦ ǷȈȕȖȔ
ȇ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓ ȊȍșȤ ȍȍ țȎȈș Ȑ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ șȗȘȧȚȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȚȘȖ-
șȚȕȐȒȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȐȏȉȍȋȕțȚȤ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȈ ș ȒȖȏȓȐȕȣȔȐ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ
DzȍȑȜ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȠȔȈȘ
ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȥȒșȚȈȏȈ șȕȖȊȈ ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ ǬȈȊȒțș DzȈȘȖȚȈ
ǹȐȌȧ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȘȚȕȖȑ ȐȓȐ ȗȈȠȈ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ șȒȘȍȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȖȘ-
ȕȧȝ Ȗȕ ȋȓȧȌȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȣȓȈȦȡȐȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȍȋȖ ȒȓȦȊ ȚȈȒ
ȧȏȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȡȍȓȒȈȓ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȖ șȊȍȚȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȔȈ-
ȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȑ ȜȐȋțȘȒȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓ

39
ǯȈȔȍȚȐȊ ȔȖȑ Ȑșȗțȋ Ȗȕ țȌȊȖȐȓ șȊȖȐ ȒȘȐȊȓȧȕȤȧ Ȑ ȋȘȐ-
ȔȈșȣ Ȑ ȗȘȣȋȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȐșȒȈȓȍȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȈțȒ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ ȒȖ
ȔȕȍǪ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȍ ȌțȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȒȖșȕțȓȖșȤ
ȔȖȍȋȖ țȝȈ Ȑ ȧ țșȓȣȝȈȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ
ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ ȒȖȔț Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ Ƕȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȉȍȏȌȍȓȤ-
ȕȐȒ ǬȈȊȒțș DzȈȘȖȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȖȗȐȓ șȊȖȐ ȕȖȋȐ ȗȖȌȚȐȉȘȐȓ
ț Țȍȉȧ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȗȖșȈȌȐȓ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȕȍ ȖșȓȐȕțȦ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ
șȌȍȓȈȓ ǷȥȒ ș ǩȖȚȚȖȔȖȔ Ȉ șȓȖȕȖȊțȦ
ǹȐȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȥȚȐȔ șȖȖȉȡȍȕȐȍȔ ȧ ȗȖȌȖ-
Ƞȍȓ Ȓ ȏȍȘȒȈȓț Ȑ țȊȐȌȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȏȈ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ ȐȕȌțșșȒȖȋȖ ȐȓȐ ȧȊȈȑșȒȖȋȖ ȐȌȖȓȈ ȔȖȑ ȓȖȉ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ
ȕȖș țȌȓȐȕȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȝȖȉȖȚ Ȑ ȏȈȋȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȤ țȠȐ ȝȓȖȗȈȓȐ Ȗ
ȗȓȍȟȈȔ Ȑ ȊȌȖȉȈȊȖȒ ȒȖ ȊșȍȔț ȥȚȖȔț ȧ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȞȊȍȚȈ ȐȕȌȐ-
ȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȋȖȓțȉȖȑ ȉȖȋ ȀȐȊȈ
ǪȏȉȍȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȧ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ǬȈȊȒțșț DzȈȘȖȚȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȏȈ-
ȗȘȣȋȈȓ Ȑ ȏȈȊȐȏȎȈȓ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȑ ǵȖ ȧ șȝȊȈ-
ȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȚȈȒ șȐȓȤȕȖ țȌȈȘȐȓ Ȗ ȒȘȈȑ șȚȖȓȈ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ
ȊȍȘȕțȓ Ȕȕȍ ȔȖȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȏȈȊȍȘȕțȚțȦ Ȋ ȗȓȈȚȖȒ
ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȑ șȊȖȐȔ țșȗȍȝȖȔ ȧ șȕȖȊȈ șȍȓ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕ ȕȖ ȚȖȚ
Ȏȍ ȋȖȓȖș ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
— ǩȍȘȍȋȐșȤ Țȣ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕ ȊȘȈȋȈȔȐ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȍ șȐȓȣ șȚȈ-
ȘȈȦȚșȧ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȚȤ ȚȖȉȖȑ Ǻȣ ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȒ Ȑ țȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȥȚȖ
ȍșȓȐ ȗȖȗȘȖȉțȍȠȤ ȊȣȑȚȐ ȖȚșȦȌȈ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȚțȔȈȕ ȖȒțȚȣȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȔȖȍ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȗȖȘȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȧ
ȧșȕȖ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȟȓȍȕȣ ȒȓțȉȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȒȈȉȈȓȐșȚȣ Ȑ ȔȈȋȐ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ ȘȍȠȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȋțȉȐȚȤ
Tread-mill
ȇ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȊșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȋȖșȚȐ-
ȕȖȑ ǬȖȠȍȓ ȧ ȌȖ ȕȍȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍșȒȖȘȖ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȈȧ
șȐȓȈ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȚȘȐ ȠȈȋȈ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȑ ȖȌȐȕ ȕȈȏȈȌ
ǷȖ ȔȖȍȔț șȟȍȚț ȥȚȖȚ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌ ȌȓȐȓșȧ ȌȍșȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ

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ǯȈ ȔȕȖȑ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ǬȈȊȒțș DzȈȘȖȚȈ ȗȖșȔȍȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȑ ȉȖȘȔȖ-
ȟȈ ș ȊȐȌȖȔ ȗȘȐȚȊȖȘȕȖȋȖ șȖȟțȊșȚȊȐȧ
— ǭșȓȐ Ȗȕ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȈȒ ȐȌȚȐ ȚȖ țșȗȍȍȚ șȖșȚȈ-
ȘȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȗțȚȐ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȕȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȊȣȑȚȐ Ȋ șȖșȍȌȕȦȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȈȧ ȕȍțȏȕȈȊȈȍȔȖ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȈșȤ — ȖȕȈ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȋșȍ ȌȓȐȕ-
ȕȍȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȍȍ Ȑ ȌȓȐȕȕȍȍ ǹȊȍȚ ȔȍȘȞȈȦȡȐȑ Ȋ ȍȍ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȈȏȈȓ-
șȧ ȚȈȒȐȔ Ȏȍ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȔ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȍ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ
ǿțȊșȚȊțȧ ȟȚȖ ȗȈȌȈȦ ȌțȝȖȔ ȧ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȕȖ ȋȖȓȖș șȕȖ-
ȊȈ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȒȖșȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȋțȉȈȔȐ ȔȖȍȋȖ țȝȈ
— ǴțȎȈȑșȧ ȖȕȈ ȎȌȍȚ Țȍȉȧ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ
ǹȖȉȘȈȊ Ȋșȍ șȐȓȣ ȧ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔ țșȐȓȐȍȔ ȊȖȓȐ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ
ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȕȖȋȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȐȘȈșȚȈȓȐ Ȓ ȗȖȓț Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖ-
ȌȐȓȖșȤ ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȚȤ Ȑȝ ȒȈȒ ȒȖȘȕȐ Ȑȏ ȏȍȔȓȐ ǿțȌȖ-
ȊȐȡȍ ș ȔȈȕȌȘȈȋȖȘȖȊȣȔȐ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȖȚșȚȈȊȈȓȖ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȈ-
ȘȖȌȐȘțȧ ȔȖȐ țșȐȓȐȧ Ȑ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȧ ȏȈțȕȣȊȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ —
ǴȘȈȔȖȘ ȗȖȉȍȎȌȈȍȚ ȔȘȈȔȖȘ ȗȖȉȍȎȌȈȍȚ — ȇ Ȑ ȊȗȘȈȊȌț ȟțȊ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȐ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖșȚȐ ȒȈȔȍȕȍȦȚ Ȑ ȔȘȈȔȖȘ șȒȖȊȣ-
ȊȈȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖ ȉȍȌȍȘ ȒȈȒ ǬȈȜȕț Ȋ ǺȦȐȓȤȘȐ ȇ șȌȍȓȈȓșȧ șȚȈ-
Țțȍȑ ȖȚ ȗȖȧșȈ Ȑ ȕȐȎȍ ȒȈȒ ȖȒȖȓȌȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȕȞȣ Ȑȏ «Ǻȣ-
șȧȟȐ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ» ǴȖȐ ȖȚȧȎȍȓȍȊȠȐȍ ȒȈȉȓțȒȐ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ
șȚțȟȈȓȐ ȗȖ ȗȖȓț ȧ șȔȍȓȖ ȔȖȋ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ DzȖȔȈȕȌȖȘȈ Ȋ «ǬȖȕ-
ǮțȈȕȍ».
ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȧ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȓțȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕțȦ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒț ȓȍ-
șȚȕȐȞȣ Ȑ ȝȖȚȍȓ șȗțșȚȐȚȤșȧ ȗȖ ȕȍȑ ǶȕȈ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȊȖȐ-
ȔȐ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȔȐ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈȔȐ ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȍȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ
ȊȖȕȏȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȉȖ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȕȐȏȊȍȘȋȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȍȐșȗȖȌȕȦȦ ǷȖȌ-
ȕȧȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȧ șȔțȚȕȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȋȘȖȔȖȎȌȈȓȐșȤ ȖȌȕȈ ȕȈ ȌȘț-
ȋțȦ ȉȍșȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȐ ȊșȝȖȌȣ ȗȍȘȐȓȈ ȚȖȟȕȖ Ȍȓȧ
ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕțȚȤ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȣ ȉȈȠȕȐ dzȐȓȈȒ ȖȗțșȒȈȧ Ȏȍ
ȋȖȓȖȊț ȧ șȔțȚȕȖ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȈȓ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤ șȚțȗȍȕȍȒ ȊȐȝȘȤ șȗȐȘȈ-
ȓȍȑ ȊȖȌȖȊȖȘȖȚ ȐȏȋȐȉȖȊ
— ȅȚȈ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȈ ȊȍȘȕȖ ȗȘȖȉțȘȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȚ ȕȈșȒȊȖȏȤ ȊșȦ
ȏȍȔȓȦ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȧ ȔȈȠȐȕȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȌȊȐȋȈȧșȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ — ȧ
ȌȖșȚȐȋȕț ȕȐȎȕȍȑ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȐ ȗȖșȓȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ șțȌȈ
dzȐȞȈ ȕȈ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈȝ șȖȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȋȓȧȌȍȓȐ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖ ȕȍ-
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȗȘȖȉȍȋȈȓȐ șțȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȒȈȒ ȗȖ ȓȐȞț ȕȍȔȖȋȖ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȝȖȟȍȚ șȖȖȉȡȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ

41
șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ǴȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȝȖȚȧȚ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍ-
ȌȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȗ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ȕȖ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȐȕȍȘȚȕȈȧ ȕȍ-
țȔȖȓȐȔȈȧ șȐȓȈ ȋȕȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ǹȚțȗȍȕȤȒȐ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȣ Ȗșȍ-
ȌȈȓȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȚȖȟȕȖ Ȋ ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȐȧȝ ȜȘȈȕȒȔȈșȖȕȖȊ
dzȐȗȒȐȍ Ȑ ȔȧȋȒȐȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȖȗțșȒȈȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ ȎȐȊȖȚȣ ȎȈȉ ǻ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓȐșȤ Ȋșȍ ȕȖȊȣȍ șȚțȗȍȕȤȒȐ Ȑ ȗȓȖȡȈȌ-
ȒȐ Țȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ țȎȍ ȔȐȕȖȊȈȓ ȊȌȘțȋ șȈȔȐ șȖȉȖȑ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐșȤ
ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ
ȅȚȖ ȌȓȐȓȖșȤ ȗȖ ȔȖȍȔț șȟȐșȓȍȕȐȦ ȘȖȊȕȖ Țȣșȧȟț ȓȍȚ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȧ ȌȖșȚȐȋ ȊȍșȚȐȉȦȓȧ ȋȌȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȎȌȈȓȐ ȕȖȊȣȍ Ȑș-
ȗȣȚȈȕȐȧ
ǽȐȔȍȘȈ șȖ șȊȍȟȖȑ Ȋ ȓȈȗȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȧ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȗȘȐ ȊȝȖ-
Ȍȍ ș ȧȊȕȖ ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉȕȣȔ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȘȍȋȘȈȌȐȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȗțȚȤ
ȍȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ ȕȈșȔȍȠȒȖȑ ȘȖȚ șȊȐȘȍȗȖ Ȗȡȍ-
ȘȐȓșȧ ǶȕȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȈ ȉȘȦȝȍ ȗȖȌȗȖȓȏȓȈ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȊȓȈȟȈ Ȋ ȗȣ-
ȓȐ șȊȖȦ ȉȘȖȕȏȖȊțȦ ȗȖȗȖȕț ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖșȚȤ ȒȘȖȊȖ-
ȎȈȌȕȣȍ șȖȌȘȖȋȈȕȐȧ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȓȐ ȍȍ ȓȤȊȐȕȣȑ ȒȘțȗ Ȉ ǬȈȊȒțș
DzȈȘȖȚȈ ȌȘȈȏȕȐȓ ȍȍ Ȑ ȕȈȚȘȈȊȓȐȊȈȓ
— DzțșȐ ȒțșȐ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȕȖȍ ȔȧșȖ — ȓțȟȠȍȍ țȋȖȡȍȕȤȍ Ȍȓȧ
ȉȘȖȕȏȖȊȖȑ ȗȈșȚȐ
ǵȖ ȌȍȘȎȈ șȍȉȧ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȧ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ șȍȉȧ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȠȈȋȕțȚȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ ȏȊȍȘȧ
ǷȖȘȣȊ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȊȍȚȘȈ țȌȈȘȐȓ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȖ
ȔȕȖȑ ȏȈșȐȧȓȖ ȧșȕȖȍ ȕȍȉȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȍ ȕȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ ȋȓȣȉț ȓȧ-
ȗȐș-ȓȈȏțȘȐ ș ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ ȗȣȓȤȦ ȉȍșȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȊȍȏȌ
ǿȚȖȉȣ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓȈ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȍȋȖ ȔȘȈȟȕȈȧ ȈȘȝȐȚȍȒȚțȘȈ ȕțȎȕȈ ȐȋȓȈ ș ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ
ǷȐȘȈȕȍȏȐ ȉȖȘȖȏȌȐȓ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡțȦ ȟȍȘȕȤ șȊȖȐȝ ȟțȌȍșȕȣȝ ȋȘȈ-
ȊȦȘ ǸȈșȠȐȘȐȊȠȐȑșȧ ȌȖ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȊ ǴȈȘșȖȊȈ ȗȖȓȧ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȊȖȘ
ȖȒȘțȎȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȖȊ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȐȔȐ ȏȌȈȕȐȧȔȐ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȣȘȐșȖȊȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȍ ȒȘțȎȍȊȖȔ ȠȗȐȓȍȑ Ȓț-
ȗȖȓȖȊ ȉȈȠȍȕ Ȑ ȗȐȘȈȔȐȌ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȣȝ ǸȐȔȈ Ȑ ǪȈȊȐȓȖȕȈ
ǴȖȍȔț țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȦ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȋȘȈȕȐȞ ȧ ȌȈȎȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏ-
ȘȍȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȖșȚȘȖȊȍ ǹȊȧȚȖȋȖ dzȦȌȖȊȐȒȈ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȈȘȝȐȚȍȒ-
ȚțȘȕȣȝ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ ȏȈȕȧȚȤ Ȋ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȘȈȏ
ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤ ǰ ȧ ȕȍ ȉȍȏ șȚȘȈȝȈ ȌțȔȈȓ Ȗ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍ
ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȐȒȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȊȖȏȌȊȐȋȕțȚȤ ȗȖ-
ȌȖȉȕȣȍ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȣ

42
— Ǻȣ ȊȖ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȐȓȓȦȏȐȑ — șȕȖȊȈ ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȑ
ȋȖȓȖș — ȥȚȖȚ ȌȊȖȘ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȊȍȓȐȒ Ǫ ȕȍȔ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ șȍȔȤ
ȠȈȋȖȊ Ȋ ȌȓȐȕț Ȑ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȗȧȚȤ Ȋ ȠȐȘȐȕț
— ǬȈ ȌȈ — ȗȘȖȊȖȘȟȈȓ țȎȈșȕȣȑ ȊȣȘȖȌȖȒ — Țȣ ȏȈȉȣȓ
ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȚȤ șȍȔȐȔȐȓȤȕȣȝ ȠȈȋȖȊ Ǻȍȉȍ ȕȐȗȖȟȍȔ ȕȍ țșȗȍȚȤ Ȓ
ȖȌȐȕȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȟȈșȈȔ ǻȎȍ ȗȖȓȚȖȘȣ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȓȍȚ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ș Țȍȝ
ȗȖȘ ȒȈȒ Țȣ ȊȣȠȍȓ ǫȖȓȖȊȈ ȚȊȖȧ ȕȈȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț ȗȖșȍȌȍȓȈ ǪȍȘ-
ȕȐșȤ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȥȚȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȘȈȏțȔȕȖȍ
ǰ ȋȕțșȕȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȍ ȊȐȌȧ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț ȍȔț ȗȖȊȐȕȖ-
ȊȈȚȤșȧ șȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȋȐȉȒȐȔȐ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȧ
șȍȉȍ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȒȘȦȟȒȈȔȐ ȗȖȚȈȡȐȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȏȈȌ ǶȕȖ ȏȈ-
șȚȈȊȐȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤșȧ ȗȖ ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ ȋȌȍ ȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ-
ȚȍȘȗȍȓșȧ șȚȘȈȝȖȊ Ȑ Ȓ ȔȖȍȔț ȋȖȘȦ șȕȖȊȈ ȊȖȌȊȖȘȐȓȖ Ȋ ȋȖșȚȐ-
ȕțȦ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȧ ș ȚȈȒȐȔ ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȊȣȉȘȈȓșȧ
ǸȈȏțȔ ȔȖȑ ȗȖȔțȚȐȓșȧ ǩȍȏțȔȕȣȑ ȉȘȍȌ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ
Ǩ ǬȈȊȒțș DzȈȘȖȚȈ ȗȖȌȗȘȣȋȐȊȈȧ ȌȖ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ:
— ǪȖȚ ȌțȘȈȒ ȊȍȌȤ ȧ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȍȔț ȋȖȓȖȊț
ȊȣȟȍȘȗȈȓ Ȑȏ ȕȍȍ ȓȖȎȒȖȑ ȊȍșȤ ȔȖȏȋ
ȇ ȖȡțȗȈȓ șȊȖȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȈ Ȑ
ȗȈȓ ȌțȝȖȔ
ǯȈȚȍȔ ȧ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ
ǵȍ ȊȍȘȤȚȍ ȝȘȖȕȖȔȍȚȘȈȔ
ǷȘȐȌȧ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈ ȗȖȓȕȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȖȌȍ-
Țȣȝ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȍ ǶȕȐ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȎȐȔȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȘțȒȐ ȒȈȒ
ȓȦȌȐ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȦȡȐȍ Ȗȉȡȍȍ ȋȖȘȍ
— ǪȘȍȔȧ țȔȍȘȓȖ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȖȕȐ — ǩȖȓȤȠȍ țȎȍ ȕȍ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȐ ȋȖȌȖȊ ȕȐ ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ ȕȐ ȟȈșȖȊ ǪȘȍȔȧ țȔȍȘȓȖ Ȑ Ȕȣ
ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȐȚȤ
— ǷȘȈȊȌȈ ȖȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ țȎȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȚȈȘȖ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȓ
ȚȈȒȖȑ șȒȖȘȖȑ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȒȐ ȖȕȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ șȍȉȧ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȖ
Ȍȓȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȈ — ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȧ țȏ-
ȕȈȓ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ
— ǪȍȟȕȖșȚȤ țȎ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȖȌȘȧȝȓȍȓȈ ǬȖȓȎȍȕ Ȏȍ ȉȣȓ
ȗȘȐȑȚȐ ȒȖȕȍȞ — ȗȖȌȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ

43
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȐ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȧ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖȑ
ȔȣșȓȤȦ — ȍșȓȐ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȖȌȐȕȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ"
— ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ — ȏȈȋȘȍȔȍȓ ǬȈȊȒțș DzȈȘȖȚȈ ȉȘȖșȈȧ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ ȓȐ-
ȞȖ șȊȖȑ ȜȈȓȤȠȐȊȣȑ ȕȖș Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȧșȤ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȋ ȕȈșȚȖȧ-
ȡȍȔ ȊȐȌȍ — ǵȐȒȖȋȌȈ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ ȌȍȊȧȚȤ
ȟȈșȖȊ ș ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȤȦ ǹȚȘȍȓȒȈ ȉțȌȍȚ șȚȖȧȚȤ ȕȈ ȚȖȑ ȔȐȕțȚȍ ȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ țȔȍȘȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑ ȚȊȖȧ ȒȈȏȕȤ șȖșȚȖȐȚ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȊȍȟȕȖ
ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚȤ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ Ȑ ȕȍ țșȗȖȒȖȐȠȤșȧ ȗȖȒȈ
Țȍȉȍ ȉțȌțȚ ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȖȋȐ
ǰ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȧ ȘȈȏ ȗȧȚȤșȖȚ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓ Ȓ ȟȈșȈȔ ȚȖȟ-
ȕȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȖȓȒȈȓȈ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȈȧ șȐȓȈ
ǬȈȊȒțș DzȈȘȖȚȈ șȐȌȧ ȊȍȘȝȖȔ ȕȈ ȟȈșȈȝ ȌȍȓȈȓ Ȕȕȍ țȎȈș-
ȕȣȍ ȋȘȐȔȈșȣ
ǹȚȘȍȓȒȈ ȕȍ ȌȊȐȋȈȓȈșȤ
— ǵȍȋȖȌȧȑ ȥȚȖ Țȣ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ ȔȈȧȚȕȐȒ — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȧ
ȗȤȧȕȣȑ ȖȚ ȉȍȠȍȕșȚȊȈ
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȒȈȟȈȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȕȖ șȖȓȕ-
ȞȈ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȈȝ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ șȚȘȍȓȒȈ ȗȖȌȊȐȕȍȚșȧ ȝȖ-
Țȧ ȉȣ ȕȈ ȖȌȕț ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȕțȦ ȔȐȓȓȐȔȍȚȘȈ
— ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȟȚȖ ȗȖȘȈ ȏȈȒȓȧșȚȤ ȏȓȣȝ ȌțȝȖȊ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ șȗȓȐȕ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȧșȕȖȊȐȌȍȞ — ǵțȎȕȖ ȍȡȍ
ȔțȏȣȒȐ ǵȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ǬȈȊȐȌȖȊț ȈȘȜț ȏȈȔȍȕȐȚ ȘȖȧȓȤ ȅȘȈȘȈ
ǰ Ȗȕ ȏȈȐȋȘȈȓ ȊȍșȍȓțȦ ȔȍȓȖȌȐȦ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒț-ȔȈȕȌȘȈȋȖȘȍ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍ ȗȖ ȊȒțșț Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ
țȔȍȕȤȠȈȚȤșȧ șȗȓȦȡȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȖȉȍșȞȊȍȚȐȓșȧ ȐșȗțșȒȈȧ ȕȍȊȕȧȚ-
ȕȣȍ șȚȖȕȣ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȊ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ ȖȉȓȐȒ ȗȖȊȈȓȐȓșȧ
ȕȈ ȗȈȘȒȍȚ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȐșȗȈȕșȒȐȑ ȒȖȏȍȓȍȞ ș ȘȈȏȌȊȖȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȒȖȘȕȍȔ
ǿȈȘȣ ȘȈșșȍȧȓȐșȤ
ǵȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȚșȒȐȍ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȍ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ
— ǨȓȓȐȓțȑȧ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȓȖ ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȐ-ȒȈ ȕȈ ȟȈșȣ
ǹȚȘȍȓȒȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈ ȘȖȊȕȖ ȖȌȐȕȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ
— ǹțȌȈȘȤ ȒȈȘȍȚȈ ȊȈș ȎȌȍȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ șȓțȋȈ ǹȖȕ ȉȣȓ ȒȖȕ-
ȟȍȕǫȈȠȐȠȐșȚȣ ȘȈșȝȖȌȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȌȖȔȈȔ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ
ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȍȕȐȧ ǴȈȓȤȉȘțȒȈ

Ȇ ǯȜȒșȓȞ
ǽǼȋǺǮ DZǮȆǶȆǮ

47
ǷȖșȊȧȡȈȍȚșȧ J. G. F.
ǴȖȑ ȔȐȓȣȑ ȌȘțȋ
ȏȌȘȈȊȣȑ șȔȣșȓ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȕȈȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȏȍȔȕȖȍ ȔȈȓȖ
ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȐșȚȐȕȕȈȧ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȋȍȡȍȑ ȘȈșȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ-
șȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȋȘȍȏȈȝ ǵȈșȓȈȎȌȈȚȤșȧ șȟȈșȚȤȍȔ ȍșȚȍșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȐȓȐ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖȚ ȒȚȖ
ȐȔȍȍȚ ȘȍȠȐȔȖșȚȤ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȕȖ Ȍȓȧ Țȍȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖ-
ȐșȚȐȕȍ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȣ ȊȣșȠȍȋȖ șȟȈșȚȤȧ — ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȐȍ ȌȖș-
ȚțȗȕȖȍ șȔȍȘȚȕȣȔ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȚȖȠȕȖȚȊȖȘȕȣȔ
dzȦȌȐ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȕȣȍ șȖȟȚțȚ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ Ȑ, ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ,
ȌȈȎȍ ȌȍȘȏȒȐȔ ȟȚȖ ȒȕȐȋȈ Ȗȉ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍ-
ȕȐȧȝ ȗȖșȊȧȡȈȍȚșȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȍ — șȈȔȖȔț ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔț Ȑș-
ȚȖȟȕȐȒț șȈȔȣȝ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȑ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȍ-
ȓȤȏȧ ȖȚȘȐȞȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȚȖȔț ȒȈȒ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȔȐȘ ȊȝȖ-
ȌȐȚ Ȋ ȕȈȠț ȌțȝȖȊȕțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȧȊȓȧȧșȤ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȖȔ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ,
Ȑ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ șȗȖșȖȉșȚȊțȧ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȐȦ ȚȖȋȖ ȕȍȖȗ-
ȘȍȌȍȓȐȔȖȋȖ șȗȓȈȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȕȣ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȓȐȟȕȖ-
șȚȤȦ — ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȊȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȋ ȕȈȠȐ ȋȘȍȏȣ ȚȖ ȖȒț-
ȚȣȊȈȧ Ȑȝ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȔ ȔȘȈȒȖȔ ȚȖ ȖȏȈȘȧȧ ȧȘȒȐȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ
ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȓȐ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȓȐ ȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȌȘțȋȐȔ
ȥȚȖ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȐȍ" ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȍȓȧ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ ȕȍ-
ȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȕțȎȕȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȒȕȐȋȈ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȕȧȚȈ ȒȍȔ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ — ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȐȓȐ ȚȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȒȖȋȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȈ" ǬȈ Ȑ
ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȍțȎȍȓȐ țȎ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ
ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȈ Ȍȓȧ ȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ" ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȚȈȒ ȔȈȓȖ
ȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȧ Ȓ ȎȐȊȣȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȈȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȣȔ Ȑ
ȟțȊșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈȔ ȗȖșȣȓȈȦȡȐȔ șȊȖȐ ȐȏȓȐȧ-
ȕȐȧ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȈȍȔȣȔ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȈȔ — ȧ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȉȣ ȗȐșȈȚȤ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȓȧ țȔȍȘȠȐȝ
ǵȖ ȥȚț ȒȕȐȎȒț ȧ ȗȖșȊȧȡȈȦ ȕȍ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȑ — ȚȈ Ȓ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȦșȤ — ȝȖȚȧ ȉȖȓȤȕȈȧ — ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȈ
ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȎȐȊȈ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȌțȠȍ Ȑ ȔȣșȓȐ ȍȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȓ
ǵȍȉț ȥȚȖȔț ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒț Ȋșȍȝ ȗȘȖșȊȍȚȓȍȕȐȑ ǰȉȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍ-
ȟȍșȒȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȍȚ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȣȔ ȌȈȘȖȔ ȐȏȊȓȍȒȈȚȤ

— ȒȈȒ ȓȍȒȈȘșȚȊȖ Ȑȏ ȖȗȈșȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȧȌȖȊ — Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȘȧȌ ȕȖȊȣȝ
Ȑ șȈȔȣȝ ȚȖȕȒȐȝ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȑ ȌȈȎȍ Ȑȏ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ ȉȍȌ-
șȚȊȐȧ Ȑ ȘȖȒȖȊȖȦ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȧ
Ǻȣ țȊȐȌȐȠȤ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ ȕȈȉȘȖșȒȈȝ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖȋȖ țȋȘȦȔȖȋȖ
ȗțȚȕȐȒȈ ȏȈȚȍȘȧȊȠȍȋȖșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȕȈȝ ȚȖȓȗȣ Ȑ
țȕȖșȧȡȍȋȖșȧ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ Ȑ ȔȣșȓȤȦ Ȓ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȑ ȅȓȍȒȚȘȍ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȈȧ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȍȡȍ ȖȚȐȘȈȓȈ ȗȖȚ ș ȍȦ ȟȍȓȈ Ȑ ȖșȊȍȎȈȓȈ
ȍȦ ȓȐȝȖȘȈȌȖȟȕȖ ȏȈȗȍȒȠȐȍșȧ ȋțȉȣ — Ȑ Țȣ ȗȖȑȔȍȠȤ ȉȓȈȋȖ-
ȌȈȘȕȖșȚȤ ǶȘȍșȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Țȣ ȖȉȍȘȍȋȈȓȈ ȖȚ ȒȖȠȔȈ-
ȘȖȊ ȘȈșșȍȐȊȈȧ ȚȐȝȖȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȕșȒȖȑ ȓȈșȒȖȑ ȍȋȖ țȎȈșȕȣȍ
ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ șȕȣ
Ȁ ǩ

ǷǶȅǴǨ ǫǨȀǰȀǨ
1. Ǫdzǭǿǭǵǰǭ Dz ǩǭǹDzǶǵǭǿǵǶǴǻ
2. ǿǺǶ ǺǨDzǶǭ ǫǨȀǰȀ
3. DzǰǺǨDZǹDzǰǭ Ǻǭǵǰ
4. ǿǭdzǶǪǭDz — ǩǶǫ
5. ǪȃǪǶǬȃ

50
, ǰǹdzȅdzǻǶdz Ǹ ǯdzǿǸǼǻdzȅǻǼǺȁ
ȼɫɟȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ țȔȍȦȚ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ șȈȔȐȝ șȍȉȧ Ȑ ȏȈȗȖȔȐ-
ȕȈȚȤ șȊȖȐ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȕȐȧ ȚȍȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șțȔȍȓȐ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ǫȖȜ-
ȔȈȕț țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ șȊȖȑ ȌțȝȖȊȕȣȑ ȉȈȘȖȔȍȚȘ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ
ȖȚȔȍȟȈȚȤ Ȋ ȖȉșȍȘȊȈȚȖȘȐȐ șȊȖȐȝ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ — ȧșȕȣȍ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȣ
șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȍ ȌȕȐ ȟțȌȍșȕȣȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ǩȣȊȈȦȚ ȌȕȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȘȖșȣȗȈȍȚșȧ Ȧȕȣȑ Ȑ ȔȖȡȕȣȑ ȌțȝȖȔ ǭȌȊȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋȍ-
ȒȐ ȍȋȖ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȈȦȚșȧ ȖȚ șȕȈ șȔȣȒȈȊȠȍȋȖ Ȑȝ ȒȈȒ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ
ȘȈȏȊȍȘȚȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȑ ȔȐȘ — Ȋ șȐȓȤȕȖȔ ȘȍȓȤȍȜe, Ȋ țȌȐ-
ȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȧșȕȖșȚȐ ȒȖȕȚțȘȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȍ ȒȘȈ-
șȖȒ ǬțȝȖȊȕȣȑ ȔȐȘ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȘȈșȒȘȣȊȈȍȚ ȍȔț șȊȖȐ ȕȍȖȉȢȧȚȕȣȍ
ȊȓȈȌȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȓȕȣȍ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȐȑ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȈ-
ȝȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ — Ȓ șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȦ, ȘȍȌȒȖȔ Ȑ ȕȍ-
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ — ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚȍ șȍȉȧ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȖȌȈȘȍȕȕȣȔ ȉȖ-
ȓȍȍ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȣȔ, ȉȖȓȍȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȣȔ ǵȖ șȈȔȖȍ țȌȐȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ țȔȈ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊ —
șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȧ ȉȍȏ ȗȘȍțȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȐȧ ȔȖȋț ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ ȘȈȑ-
șȒȐȔ ȍșȓȐ șȘȈȊȕȐȊȈȦ ȍȋȖ ș ȚȧȎȍȓȖȑ ȔȋȓȖȑ ȗȖȠȓȖȑ ȗȖȊșȍ-
ȌȕȍȊȕȖșȚȐ — șȈȔȖȍ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ țȓȖȊȐȚȤ ȊȐȌȐȔțȦ Ȑ ȗȖȌȌȈȦȡțȦșȧ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȦ ȗȘȐȟȐȕț
ȊȣȏȣȊȈȦȡțȦ ȍȋȖ ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȖȕȖ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍȔ
ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȘȈȏȈ ȎȐȏȕȐ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȧȦȡȍȋȖ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȐȧȔ
ȋȐȋȐȍȕȣ Ȑ ȔțȌȘȖșȚȐ" ȅȚȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȍ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȖȌȕȈȒȖ, ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ
ȥȚȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȥȚȖ ȟțȌȖ ȕȐșȗȖșȓȈȕȕȖȍ Ȋȣș-
Ƞȍȑ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ȓȍȎȈȡȍȑ Ȋȕȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȟȈșȚȖ ȕȈșȚț-
ȗȈȍȚ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȏȓȖțȗȖȚȘȍȉ-
ȓȧȍȚ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȧȔȐ ǰȓȐ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ
ȥȚȖ ȕȈȋȘȈȌȈ ȏȈ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȕțȦ ȔȖȓȐȚȊț Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ ȌțȝȖȊ-
ȕȣȝ șȐȓ" ǵȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȟȚȖ țȗȖȘȕȈȧ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȎȍȓȈ-
ȕȐȧ țșȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȐȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȌțȝȖȊȕȣȝ șȐȓ Ȓ ǵȍȉț — ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ șȖ-
ȏȌȈȚȤ țșȓȖȊȐȧ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȘȐȧȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȍ ȕȈșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȦ
ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȌțȠȍȊȕȖȋȖ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȧ ǵȖ Ȋ șȐȓț ȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȕȍȓȍȗȖȋȖ ȏȈ-
ȒȖȕȈ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȍȚ ȖȕȖ ȗȖșȓȍ șȈȔȣȝ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȣȝ ȖȘȋȐȑ ȊȖȖȉȘȈ-
ȎȍȕȐȧ ȗȖșȓȍ șȖȜȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȏȓȖțȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȧ ȘȈȏțȔȖȔ ȒȖ-

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ȚȖȘȖȍ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȍȚșȧ ȖȚ ȟȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȧ ȒȈȒ
ȖȚȓȐȟȈȦȚșȧ ȜȖȒțșȣ ȈȒȘȖȉȈȚȈ ȖȚ țȒȘȍȗȓȧȦȡȍȑ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍ
ȋȐȔȕȈșȚȐȒȐ" ǿȚȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȓȐȟȕȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȖ ȧ ȕȈȝȖȎț ȉȖȓȍȍ
ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȣȔ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ
ȌțȝȈ ȒȈȒ ȐșȚȐȕȕțȦ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȌȈȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ ȟțȌȖȔ ȊȖȓ-
ȠȍȉȕȖȍ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȐȌȐȚ șȈȔȖȋȖ șȍȉȧ ȕȖ
ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ — ȚȈȒȐȔ ȒȈȒȐȔ Ȗȕ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ Ȑ ȌȖȓ-
Ȏȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȥȚȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȕȍȉȍșȕȖȍ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȍ
ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ Ȗ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȐ Ȋ șȈȔȖȑ ȖȉȈȧȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȍ ǹț-
ȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȠȒȖȓȈ șȗȐȘȐȚțȈȓȐșȚȖȊ ȐȔȍȦȡȈȧ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈ-
ȊȐȚȍȓȍȑ Ȋ ǨȕȋȓȐȐ Ȑ Ȋ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȍȚ
șȊȍȘȝȢȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ — ȗȘȐȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȐ Ȑ
Ț Ȍ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȖȓȐ ȎȍȓȈȦȡȍȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȉțȌȐȚȤ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ Ȗ ȕȍȊȐȌȐȔȣȝ ȘȍȈȓȤ-
ȕȖșȚȧȝ
Ǫ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȥȚȖ ȟțȌȍșȕȖȍ Ȑ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ Ȋ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ țȘȈȊȕȖȊȍȠȐȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȋșȍ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȊȖ-
ȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ șȐȓț ȕȍ țȊȓȍȒȈȍȚ
ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ Ȋ ȖȗȈșȕȣȍ șȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȕȈȠȐ ȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȗȖȊȣȠȍȕȕȈȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȕȍ șȚȘȈȌȈȍȚ
ȖȚ ȉȖȓȤȕȣȝ ȕȍȘȊȖȊ ȥȚȐȝ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȗȘȍș-
ȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ȐȓȐ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȧ — ȥȚȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ
ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȗȘȍȌȊȍșȚȕȐȒȖȊ ǶȕȖ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐȊȐ-
ȌȍȕȐȍ ȅȚȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȕțȠȍȕȐȍ șȊȣȠȍ ȕȖ ȊȕțȠȍȕȐȍ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȐ-
ȟȍșȒȐ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȦȡȍȍșȧ, — Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȐȔ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȓȐ ȐșȚȐȕȕȖȑ
ȔțȌȘȖșȚȤȦ Ȕȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ ȐȏȊȓȍȟȤ Ȑȏ ȕȍȋȖ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ șț-
ȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȐȕȖȑ ȓțȟȠȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ ȕȈȌȍȎȌț ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȤșȧ
Ȓ ȕȍȑ — ȗțȚȍȔ țȗȖȘȕȖȋȖ țȗȘȈȎȕȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȊȖȓȐ ȅȚȈ ȖșȚ-
ȘȖȚȈ ȔȣșȓȐ ȥȚȖȚ ȥȒșȚȈȏ țȔȈ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ ȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȊȣșȠȐȔ ȉȓȈȋȖȔ ȊȖȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț șȚȘȍȔȧșȤ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ Ȓ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔț ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȌȈȍȚ ȚȈȒȖȍ
șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȖȧșȤ ȕȈșȐȓȖȊȈȚȤ ȏȈȒȖȕȣ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȐșȒȈȓ Ȋ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈțȒȈȝ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ șȕȈȌȖȉȤȧȝ
Ȋ șȈȔȣȝ ȋȘțȉȣȝ ȕȈȗȐȚȒȈȝ Ȑ Ȋ șȈȔȣȝ ȚȖȕȒȐȝ ȈȘȖȔȈȚȈȝ —Ȑș-
ȒȈȓ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȘȈȕȈȝ Ȑ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ — ȔȈȋȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șȘȍȌ-
șȚȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȌȈȓȖ ȉȣ ȍȔț ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ țȕȍșȚȐșȤ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ
ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȖȊ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȑ ȦȌȖȓȐ ȗȘȈȝȈ Ȑ — ȒȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ
ȈȊȚȖȘ dzȈȏȈȘȧ — ©ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȚȤ ǸȈȍȔª Ǩȝ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍ-

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șȒȐȍ ȗȖȘȖȒȐ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ țȎȈșȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȕȣ Ȋ ȕȐȝ țș-
ȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȍȔ ȌȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ țȎȍ șȈȔȖȑ șȊȖȍȑ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȤȦ
 ȕȍțȌȍȘȎȐȔȖȍ ȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȓ ǩȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ-
Ȕț ǵȖ țȊȣ! ȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȖ ȟȈșȚȖ șȉȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ș ȗțȚȐ! ǴȖȎȕȖ
ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒ ȔȍȚȈȜȖȘȖȑ ȐȏȉȐȚȖȑ ȗȖȋȖȊȖȘ-
ȒȖȑ Ȋșȍ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȊȍȌțȚ Ȋ ǸȐȔ —Ȑ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȐȚȤ ȍȍ Ȓ ȌțȝȖȊȕȖȔț
ȔȐȘț Ȋșȍ, Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ, ȊȍȌȍȚ Ȓ ȕȈȋȘȈȌȍ ȐȓȐ ȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȐȦ
ȥȚȐȔ ȌȊțȔ ȜȖȘȔȈȔ ȊȍȟȕȖșȚȐ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ Ȍțȝ ȒȐȗȐȚ șȚȘȈ-
șȚȧȔȐ Ȑȝ ț ȕȍȋȖ — țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȧ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȚȘȐȊȐȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȣȘȈ-
ȎȍȕȐȍ — ȝȖȚȤ ȖȚȉȈȊȓȧȑ ǵȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȑ Ȍțȝ ȗȘȐȘȖȌ-
ȕȈȧ ȐȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȊȍȓȐȒȈ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȗȖ-
șȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȗȈȘȈȌȖȒșȈȓȤȕȈȧ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ Ȓ ȔȐȓȖșȍȘ-
ȌȐȦ Ȑ Ȓ șȈȔȣȔ șțȘȖȊȣȔ ȌȖȉȘȖȌȍȚȍȓȧȔ — ȥȚȖȚ Ȍțȝ țȌȐȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȒȓȖȕȍȕ Ȓ ȗȈȘȈȌȖȒșȈȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȖȏȊȖȓȧȦȚ ȍȔț țȗȖ-
ȚȘȍȉȓȧȚȤ ȊȖ ȏȓȖ ȐȏȉȣȚȖȒ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȖȉȢȧȚȕȖȑ șȚȘȈșȚȐ Ƕȕ ȕȐȒȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȍȚ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȞȍȓȐȒȖȔ ǵȖ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ Ȗșȓȍȗ-
ȓȍȕȐȐ Ȗȕ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȐȋȘȈȍȚ ș ȉȖȓȍȍ ȓțȒȈȊȣȔ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȐȓȤ-
ȕȣȔ ȟȍȔ Ȗȕ șȈȔ Ȑ ȟȚȖ Ǭțȝ ǯȓȈ ȗȖȓțȟȐȊ ȖȌȐȕ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȓȖșȖȒ
ȏȈȊȓȈȌȍȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ǰ ȊȖȚ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȐȌȐȔȣȑ ǪȓȈȌȣȒȈ ȊȐȌȐ-
ȔȖȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ Ȗ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȍ
 — ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓ șȖȏȌȈȚȤ șȍȉȍ ǸȈȑ
ȗȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȜȈȘȔȈȞȍȊȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ șȘȍȌșȚȊ Ȑ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȦȡȐȝ
ȕȈȗȐȚȒȖȊ țȗȖȌȖȉȓȧȧșȤ ȔȈȕȤȧȒț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȏȌțȔȈȓ ȉȣ ȏȈȔȍ-
ȕȐȚȤ șȖȓȐȌȕțȦ ȔȍȉȍȓȤ Ȑ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȍ șȈȌȣ — ȘȐșțȕȒȈȔȐ
ȕȈ ȝȖȓșȚȍ ȊșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ Ȋ ȘȈȔȣ ȅȚȐȔ ȐȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍȔ Ȋȓȍ-
ȟȍȕȐȧ Ȓ ǩȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȔț Ȑ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȦȚșȧ ȗȖ-ȔȖȍȔț Ȋșȍ ȗȘȍ-
șȚțȗȕȣȍ ȥȒșȞȍșșȣ — ȖȚ țȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȗȤȧ-
ȕȍȕȐȧ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȗȘȐȉȍȋ Ȓ ȖȗȐȦ Ȍȓȧ Ȗȉȓȍȋ-
ȟȍȕȐȧ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȝ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȑ Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȊ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ
țȉȐȑșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȑ, șȌȍȓȈȓ ȍȋȖ șȊȍȚȐȓȖȔ șȊȖȍȋȖ Ȍț-
ȝȖȊȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ Ȑ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȐȓ ȍȔț ȊȍșȤ șȒȓȈȌ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ — ȌȖ
șȈȔȖȋȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȗȤȧȕȐȞȣ ȗȘȍȌȔȍșȚȐȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ș ȌțȠȖȑ
ȖȉȢȧȚȖȑ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȍȔ șȓȈȊȣ Ȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȧ ȊȈȓȧȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȋȘȧȏȐ ȕȈ
ȗȘȖȍȏȎȍȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ǹȘȍȌȐ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊ șȗȖșȖȉȕȣȝ șȖȏȌȈȚȤ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ
ȧ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦ ǰșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ǰȌȍȈȓȖȔ — ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȚȤ
ȕȐ Ȗ șȗȐȘȚȕȣȝ ȕȈȗȐȚȒȈȝ șȘȈȏț ȗȘȐȊȖȌȧȡȐȝ Ȋ ȉțȑȕȖȍ șȖș-
ȚȖȧȕȐȍ șȐȓȣ Țȍȓȍșȕȣȍ Ȑ ȗȈȘȈȓȐȏțȦȡȐȝ ȌțȝȖȊȕțȦ șȐȓț ȕȐ
Ȗȉ ȈȘȖȔȈȚȈȝ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȟȈșȚȖȍ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ
șȖȏȌȈȍȚ ȉȖȓȍȍ țȚȖȕȟȍȕȕțȦ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȦ ȕȖ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȐșȚȖȡȈȍȚ

ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȍ șȐȓȣ — ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ
ȋȈȠȐȠ Ȑ ȖȗȐȑ Ȑȝ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȤ Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȚȤ-
șȧ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȕȍ ȏȈȚȘțȌȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ ȖȟȍȘȒȍ ȧ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕ Ȑș-
șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȍ ȥȚȐȔȐ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȈȔȐ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎ-
ȕȣȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȓȍȟȍȚ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȦ Ȑȝ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ țȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȔȖȘȈȓȤȕȖȍ
ȏȓȖ ȊȣȚȍȒȈȦȡȍȍ Ȍȓȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȑȏ șȚȖȓȤ ȖȗȈșȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖ-
ȊȈȕȐȧ ȓȖȎȕȖȋȖ ȐȌȍȈȓȈ ǻ ȕȈș ȍșȚȤ țȎȍ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ Ȑș-
șȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ Ȗȉ ȖȗȐȐ — ȕȈțȟȕȖȍ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȗȖȥȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ
Ȑ șȚȖȓȤ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȐȓșȧ ȉȣ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȚȤ Ȓ ȕȍ-
Ȕț ȟȚȖ-ȓȐȉȖ. ȇ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟțșȤ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȝ
ȖȟȍȘȒȖȊ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȓȦșȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȕȐȋȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȞȍȓȐȒȖȔ ȕȐ-
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȌȍȕȈ ȊȖ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ ǨȊȚȖȘ ȍȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȑȏ-
ȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȦȡȐȑ șȐȓȤȕȣȔ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȖȕȒȐȔ ȊȖȖȉȘȈ-
ȎȍȕȐȍȔ țȌȈȓȐȊȠȐȑșȧ ȖȚ ȔȐȘȈ Ȑ ȎȐȊțȡȐȑ Ȋ ȚȐȝȖȔ țȍȌȐȕȍ-
ȕȐȐ ȗȖȊȍȌȈȓ ȕȈȔ ș ȚȘȈȋȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȘȈȊȌȐȊȖșȚȤȦ Ȗ Țȍȝ ȕȈșȓȈȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȧȝ Ȑ ȚȍȘȏȈȕȐȧȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȉȣȓȣȍ ȌȕȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ
ȖȗȐȐ ǹȈȔȈȧ ȌȘȈȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȒȕȐȋȐ — ȥȚȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ
Ȗ Țȍȝ șȊȍȘȝȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ țșȐȓȐȧȝ ȊȖȓȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȍȔț ȗȘȐȠ-
ȓȖșȤ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȐȚȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȐȏȉȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ
Ȗȕ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖ șȈȔ ȕȈȊȓȍȒ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ
Ǫ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȔ ȖȟȍȘȒȍ ȧ ȉțȌț ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗ ȋȈȠȐȠȍ,
ȗȖȓȤȏțȧșȤ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧȔȐ ȐȏȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȧ-
ȔȐ Ȑȏ ȏȈȗȐșȖȒ Ȑ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȐȑ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȐȓȐ
Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȌȖȓȋȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȊȠȐȝ ȍȋȖ ȇ șȖȉȐȘȈȦșȤ ȖȉȢȍ-
ȌȐȕȐȚȤ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȚȘțȌȍ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȣ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ Ȑȝ Ȋ
ȊȐȌȍ ȔȖȕȖȋȘȈȜȐȐ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȍȓȧ ȥȚȖȑ ȞȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȊȖȏ-
ȔȖȎȕȖ Ȕȍȕȍȍ șȓȖȎȕȖȑ ȌțȠȍ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȍȚȘțȌ-
ȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ țȓȖȊȐȚȤ Ȑ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ — ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȚȐȗȍ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ
țȌȖȉȕȖȔ Ȍȓȧ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚȖȊ

54
II. ǿǺǶ ǺǨDzǶǭ ǫǨȀǰȀ"
ǸȈșșȒȈȏȣ ǴȈȘȒȖ ǷȖȓȖ ȕȈȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȐȏȌȍȊȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȕȈȌ ȔȕȖȋȐȔȐ ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȔȐ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȍȕȣ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȔȐ țȟȍȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȖȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȊȗȖȓȕe ȏȈșȓțȎȐȊȈȦȚ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȧ ȇ ȕȍ
ȉțȌț ȊȣȗȐșȣȊȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ ǹȚȈȘȍȞ ș ǫȖȘȣ ȖȗȤȧ-
ȕȧȓ ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ ȖȚșȦȌȈ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ǫȈȠȐȠȐȕȣ ȐȓȐ ǨșșȈșȐ-
ȕȣ
 Ȑ ȏȈȗȐȘȈȓ Ȋ ȟțȌȍșȕȣȑ șȈȌ Țȍȝ Ȑȏ șȊȖȐȝ Ȧȕȣȝ țȟȍȕȐ-
ȒȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ Ȗȕ — Ȋ ȕȈȋȘȈȌț ȏȈ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȕȐȍ
— ȝȖȚȍȓ ȌȈȚȤ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ǸȈȍ ǿȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȈȑȚȐ
țȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȚȈȑȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ǫȈȠȐȠȐȕ Ȋ ȒȕȐ-
ȋȍ Ȍȍ ǫȈȕȔȍȘȈ Ȑ Ȋ ȏȈȗȐșȒȈȝ ǹȐȓȤȊȍșȚȘȈ Ȍȍ ǹȈșȐ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ Ȋ ;9, ȚȖȔȍ «Memoires de l'Academie des Inscriptions et
Belles-Lettres», Ȉ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȥȚȐȔȖȓȖȋȐȐ șȓȖȊȈ Assassin
Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȗȐșȤȔȍ Ȓ ȘȍȌȈȒȚȖȘț Moniteur'a, ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȕȖȔ Ȋ ȹ 359
ȏȈ  ȋ ǫȍȘȖȌȖȚ șȖȖȉȡȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ șȒȐȜȣ șȋȘȍȉȈȓȐ Ȋ ȒțȟȐ
ȒȖȕȖȗȓȧȕȖȍ șȍȔȧ ȒȐȌȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȘȈșȒȈȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȈ Ȗȋȕȍ ȒȈȔ-
ȕȐ Ȑ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȗțȚȍȔ ȗȖȓțȟȈȓȐ ȗȈȘȖȊțȦ ȉȈȕȦ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȌțȠȐșȚțȦ,
ȟȍȔ ȓȦȉȈȧ ȋȘȍȟȍșȒȈȧ ȊȈȕȕȈ Ȑ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȍ
ȍȦ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ ȊȍȓȐȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȖ ȐșȚȖȘȋȈȓȖ ț ȕȐȝ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȘȈȌȖ-
șȚȐǫȈȠȐȠ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȓ Ȓ ȕȈȔ Ȑȏ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȋȖ ǪȖș-
ȚȖȒȈ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȦȡȐȍ șȊȖȑșȚȊȈ ȒȖȕȖȗȓȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚ-
ȕȣ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȔț ǭȋȐȗȚț Ȋ ǰȕȌȐȐ Ȋ ǨȓȎȐȘȍ Ȋ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȑ ǨȘȈ-
ȊȐȐ ȖȕȈ — ȗȖȌ ȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȧȔȐ — ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȠȐ-
ȘȖȒȐȔ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȍȔ ǵȖ Ȑ ț ȕȈș ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȦȚșȧ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ
ȟȈșȚȖ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȣȍ șȓțȟȈȐ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȧ ȘȈșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȊȣȌȍ-
ȓȍȕȐȧȔȐ ǰȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȚȐ ȗȖȊȈȓȧȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȒțȟȈȝ șȒȖȠȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȓȦȞȍȘȕȣ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȦȚ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȒȘțȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑȏ-
ȊȍșȚȕȖ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȟȚȖ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȎȕȐȚȊȈ ȒȖȕȖȗȓȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒȐ —
ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ Ȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ — șȚȘȈȌȈȦȚ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ Ȏȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȒȘț-
ȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȖȚ ȎȈȚȊȣ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȦȚșȧ ȔȐȈȏȔȣ ȒȖȊȈȘȕȖ
ȏȈȚțȔȈȕȐȊȈȦȡȐȍ ȔȖȏȋȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȕȐȒȖȊ Ǫ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȎȕȍȞȈ ȕȍșțȚ-
șȧ ȊȐȝȘȐ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ șȕȖȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ ǷȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈȔ ȟȓȍ-
ȕȣ ȖșȓȈȉȍȊȈȦȚ Ȑ ȖȚȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȤșȧ Ǵȣ șȓȣȠȈ-

55
ȓȐ Ȗ șȖȔȕȈȔȉțȓȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧȝ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȟȈșȚȖ ȕȈȉȓȦ-
ȌȈȍȔȣȝ șȘȍȌȐ ȘțșșȒȐȝ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍ-
Ȕȣȝ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȒȖȕȖȗȓȧȕȖȋȖ ȔȈșȓȈ ȗȘȐ ȐȏȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȐȐ
ȗȐȡȐ DzȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȒțȘ ȗȖȍȊȠȐȝ
ȒȖȕȖȗȓȧȕȖȋȖ șȍȔȍȕȐ ȐȓȐ șȐȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȦ-
ȡȍȋȖ ț ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ șȢȍȊȠȐȝ ȗȖȘȞȐȦ ȒȖȕȖȗȓȐ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȓȐȚțȦ
ȊȐȕȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕȍ ȌȈȦȚ ȐȔ Ȍȓȧ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ
șȒȈȟȒȖȑ ș ȗȘȍȗȧȚșȚȊȐȧȔȐ ȕȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȍȕșȒȐȝ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȍșȚȊȈȝ?
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȗȣȚȣ Ȑȏ ȜȘȈȕ-
ȞțȏșȒȖȑ ȒȖȕȖȗȓȐ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȐȓȐ ȊȍȘ-
ȕȍȍ Ȑȏ ȕȍȍ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȈ ȘȈȊȕȖȋȖ ȗȖ șȐȓȍ
ȋȈȠȐȠț. ǫȈȠȐȠ ȐȓȐ ȐȕȌȐȑșȒȈȧ ȒȖȕȖȗȓȧ, Canabis indica, —
ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȍ Ȑȏ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȈ ȒȘȈȗȐȊȕȣȝ — ȖȚȓȐȟȈȍȚșȧ ȖȚ ȒȖȕȖȗȓȐ
ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȒȓȐȔȈȚȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ șȚȍȉȍȓȤ ȍȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȌȖș-
ȚȐȋȈȍȚ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȊȣșȖȚȣ ȒȈȒ șȚȍȉȍȓȤ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȒȖȕȖȗȓȐ ǰȕȌȐȑ-
șȒȈȧ ȒȖȕȖȗȓȧ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȍȚ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ șȐȓȤȕȖȑ ȖȗȤȧȕȧȦ-
ȡȍȑ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ Ȑ ȊȖ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ
ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȓȈ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ țȟȍȕȣȝ Ȑ șȊȍȚșȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ.
ǾȍȕȐȚșȧ ȖȕȈ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȧ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȔț ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȦ
ȊȣȠȍ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȞȍȕȐȚșȧ ȓȦȉȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȉȍȕȋȈȓȤșȒȈȧ ȒȖȕȖȗȓȧ
ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȍȋȐȗȍȚșȒȈȧ ȒȖȕșȚȈȕȚȐȕȖȗȖȓȤșȒȈȧ ȗȍȘșȐȌșȒȈȧ Ȑ
ȈȓȎȐȘșȒȈȧ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȦȚ ȚȍȔȐ Ȏȍ șȊȖȑșȚȊȈȔȐ ȕȖ Ȋ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȓȈ-
ȉȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ
ǫȈȠȐȠ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ǺȘȈȊȈ Ț ȍ ȚȘȈȊȈ ȗȖ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊț
ȒȈȒ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȈȘȈȉȣ șȖȍȌȐȕȧȓȐ ș ȥȚȐȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȍ Ȗ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȍȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȧȝ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȖȔ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȝ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȚȘȈȊȈ
 ȕȖșȐȚ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȧ șȔȖȚȘȧ
ȗȖ șȊȖȍȔț șȖșȚȈȊț Ȑ Ȋ ȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖșȚȐ ȖȚ șȗȖșȖȉȈ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȚȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȍ ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ ȘȈșȚȍȚ Ȋ ǰȕȌȐȐ Ȗȕ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ
ȉȈȕȎȐ Ȋ ǨȜȘȐȒȍ — ȚȍȘȐȧȒȐ Ȋ ǨȓȎȐȘȍ Ȑ Ȋ ǹȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȑ ǨȘȈ-
ȊȐȐ— ȔȈȌȎțȕȌ Ȑ Ț Ȍ ǪȍșȤȔȈ ȊȈȎȕȖ ȏȕȈȚȤ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȋȖȌȈ șȖȉȐȘȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȤȠȍȑ șȐȓȖȑ Ȗȕ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȍȚ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȞȊȍȚȍȕȐȧ — Ȍȓȧ Țȍȝ ȗȘȍȗȈȘȈȚȖȊ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȕȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ
ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤșȧ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȦȚșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȞȊȍȚțȡȐȍ ȊȍȘȝțȠȒȐ
ȐȕȌȐȑșȒȖȑ ȒȖȕȖȗȓȐ
ǮȐȘȕȣȑ ȥȒșȚȘȈȒȚ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȗȖȓțȟȈȍȚșȧ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊ-
ȓȧȦȚ ȍȋȖ ȈȘȈȉȣ
 ȒȐȗȧȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȍȘȝțȠȒȐ șȊȍȎȍȋȖ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧ Ȋ
ȔȈșȓȍ ș ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖȔ ȊȖȌȣ ȗȘȖȒȐȗȧȚȐȊ șȔȍșȤ

56
ȌȖ ȗȖȓȕȖȋȖ ȐșȗȈȘȍȕȐȧ ȊȖȌȣ ȗȖȓțȟȈȦȚ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȖ ȐȔȍȦȡȍȍ
ȊȐȌ ȗȖȔȈȌȣ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȊȈȚȖ-ȎȍȓȚȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ Ȑ ȐȏȌȈȦȡȍȍ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚ-
ȕȣȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ — ȏȈȗȈȝ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȋȖȘȒȓȖȋȖ ȔȈșȓȈ Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȔ
ȊȐȌȍ Ȋ ȠȈȘȐȒȈȝ ȖȚ ȌȊțȝ ȌȖ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ ȋȘȈȔȔ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȍȋȖ Ȑ
țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȦȚ ȕȖ ȊȊȐȌț ȍȋȖ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȗȈȝȈ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȑ ȗȘȐ ȝȘȈȕȍȕȐȐ ȍȋȖ ȍȡȍ țșȐȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȈȘȈȉȣ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊ-
ȓȧȦȚ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȥȒșȚȘȈȒȚȈ ȊȈȘȍȕȤȍ
ǹȈȔȖȍ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȈȘȍȕȤȍ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ — dawa-
mesk — ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ șȔȍșȤ ȎȐȘȕȖȋȖ ȥȒșȚȘȈȒȚȈ șȈȝȈȘȈ Ȑ
ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȈȘȖȔȈȚȐȟȕȣȝ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȊȈȕȐȓȐ ȒȖȘȐȞȣ
ȜȐșȚȈȠȍȒ ȔȐȕȌȈȓȧ ȔțșȒțșȈ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ-
ȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȗȈȘȈȚȈ ȠȗȈȕșȒȖȑ ȔțȝȐ — ș ȞȍȓȤȦ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦȡȍȑ
ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ Ȓ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȔț ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȦ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ Ǫ ȚȈ-
ȒȖȔ ȊȐȌȍ ȋȈȠȐȠ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȋȖ Ȑ
ȍȋȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȌȖȏȈȔȐ Ȋ ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȚȘȐȌ-
ȞȈȚȤ ȋȘȈȔȔ ȏȈȊȍȘȕțȊ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȖȉȓȈȚȒț ȐȓȐ ȘȈșȗțșȚȐȊ Ȋ ȟȈȠȒȍ
ȒȖȜȍ
ǶȗȣȚȣ șȌȍȓȈȕȕȣȍ ǹȔȐȚȖȔ ǫȈșȚȐȕȍȓȍȔ Ȑ ǬȍȒțȘȚȐȊȖȔ
ȐȔȍȓȐ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȞȍȓȤȦ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ Ȑȏ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȚȖ Ȋȍ-
ȡȍșȚȊȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȘȐȌȈȍȚ ȋȈȠȐȠț ȍȋȖ ȖȗȤȧȕȧȦȡȐȍ șȊȖȑșȚȊȈ.
ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ Ȑȝ țșȐȓȐȧ ȝȐȔȐȟȍșȒȐȑ șȖșȚȈȊ ȥȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȈ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȤ țșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȖ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȕȣȍ șȊȖȑșȚȊȈ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȚ șȔȖ-
ȓȐșȚȖȔț ȊȍȡȍșȚȊț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ șȖȌȍȘȎȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȔ Ȋ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ
ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍ ȖȒȖȓȖ 10 %
 ǿȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȥȚț
șȔȖȓț ȊȣșțȠȍȕȕȖȍ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȦȚ Ȋ ȗȖȘȖȠȖȒ ȗȘȖ-
ȔȣȊȈȦȚ șȗȐȘȚȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȈȦȚ ȊȣȗȈȘȐȊȈȕȐȦ ȌȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȑ
ȗȓȖȚȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȥȒșȚȘȈȒȚ ȗȘȖȔȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȊȖȌȖȑ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȈȧ ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȧȍȚ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȔȍșȐ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȟȐșȚȣȑ
ȋȈȠȐȠȐȕ.
ȅȚȖ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȖ ȔȧȋȒȖȍ ȚȍȔȕȖ-ȏȍȓȍȕȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ ș șȐȓȤȕȖ Ȋȣ-
ȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȕȣȔ ȏȈȗȈȝȖȔ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ǷȧȚȐ ȌȍșȧȚȐ
ȗȧȚȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ șȈȕȚȐȋȘȈȔȔ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ țȌȐȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȣ ǪȍȡȍșȚȊȖ ȥȚȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ
ȊȐȌȍ ȠȖȒȖȓȈȌȕȣȝ ȗȈșȚȐȓ ȐȓȐ ȐȔȉȐȘȕȣȝ ȗȐȓȦȓȤ, ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖ-
ȌȐȚ — ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȌȈȊȈȔȍșȒț Ȑ ȎȐȘȕȖȔț ȥȒșȚȘȈȒȚț — ȘȈȏȓȐȟ-
ȕȣȍ ȗȖ șȐȓȍ Ȑ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘț ȥȜȜȍȒȚȣ — Ȋ ȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖșȚȐ ȖȚ ȚȍȔ-
ȗȍȘȈȔȍȕȚȈ Ȑ ȕȍȘȊȕȖȑ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȐ șțȉȢȍȒȚȈ ǴȈȓȖ ȚȖȋȖ

ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȏȍ șțȉȢȍȒȚȈ ȕȍȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȖ ȗȘȐ ȘȈȏ-
ȕȣȝ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȚ Ȓ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖȑ Ȑ ȕȍțȌȍȘȎȐ-
ȔȖȑ ȊȍșȍȓȖșȚȐ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ — Ȓ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȦ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȖȓȕȖȚȣ
ȎȐȏȕȐ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ — Ȓ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖȔț șȕț ȗȘȍȘȣȊȈȍȔȖȔț șȕȖȊȐ-
ȌȍȕȐȧȔȐ ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȦȚșȧ ȌȖȊȖȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ț ȓȦȌȍȑ, șȝȖȌȕȣȝ ȗȖ ȚȍȔȗȍȘȈȔȍȕȚț
Ȑ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȐȦ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȘȈȏȕȖ-
ȖȉȘȈȏȐȐ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȌȈȍȚ Ȕȕȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȕȈȉȘȖșȈȚȤ ȥȚț ȔȖȕȖ-
ȋȘȈȜȐȦ Ȗȉ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȐ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȓ
Ǫ DzȖȕșȚȈȕȚȐȕȖȗȖȓȍ Ȋ ǨȓȎȐȘȍ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȖ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ ȕȍ-
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȒțȘȧȚ ȋȈȠȐȠ șȔȍȠȈȕȕȣȑ ș ȚȈȉȈȒȖȔ ȕȖ ȗȘȐ
ȥȚȖȔ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȐȌȍȚ ȘȍȟȤ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȧȚ Ȋ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȓȈ-
ȉȖȑ ȚȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȊȧȓȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȍ ȇ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ ȗț-
ȚȍȔ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȕȒȐ șȚȈȓȐ ȐȏȊȓȍȒȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȥȜȐȘȕȖȍ ȔȈșȓȖ
ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȖȉȓȈȌȈȦȡȍȍ ȕȍșȘȈȊȕȍȕȕȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȐȓȤȕȣȔȐ
ȖȗȤȧȕȧȦȡȐȔȐ șȊȖȑșȚȊȈȔȐ ȟȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȌȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍ-
ȕȐ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȗȈȘȈȚȣ ȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ
ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȉțȌț ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȐ
ǵțȎȕȖ ȓȐ țȗȖȔȧȕțȚȤ ȍȡȍ ȟȚȖ ȟȈȑ ȒȖȜȍ Ȑ șȗȐȘȚȕȣȍ ȕȈ-
ȗȐȚȒȐ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȊșȗȖȔȖȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ șȘȍȌ-
șȚȊȈȔȐ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȍȍ țșȒȖȘȧȦȡȐȔȐ ȕȈșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȧ"

58
III. ǸǶȀǮǷǿǸǶdz ȀdzǻǶ
ǿȚȖ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȍȠȤ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ" ǿȚȖ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ" ǿțȌȍșȕȣȍ
ȊȍȡȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȓȐ" ǵȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȈ" ȅȚȖ ȒȘȈ-
șȐȊȖ" șȚȘȈȠȕȖ" ȖȗȈșȕȖ" — ȊȖȚ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȍȗȖșȊȧ-
ȡȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȌȈȦȚ ȈȌȍȗȚȈȔ — ș ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ
ȕȍ ȓȐȠȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ șȚȘȈȝȈ ǺȈȒțȦ Ȏȍ ȘȍȉȧȟȍșȒțȦ ȎȈȎ-
Ȍț ȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȊȈȦȚ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȊȠȐȍ
șȊȖȍȋȖ țȋȓȈ ȗȘȐ ȊșȚȘȍȟȍ ș ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȦȡȐȔșȧ Ȑȏ
ȌȈȓȍȒȐȝ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȝ șȚȘȈȕ ǶȕȐ ȖȚȖȎȌȍșȚȊȓȧȦȚ ȖȗȤȧȕȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ ș ȟțȌȍșȕȖȑ șȚȘȈȕȖȑ ș ȖȉȠȐȘȕȣȔ ȚȍȈȚȘȖȔ ȋȌȍ
ȌȍȑșȚȊțȦȚ ȜȈȒȐȘȣ Ȑ ȎȖȕȋȓȍȘȣ ȋȌȍ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȓȕȖ ȟțȌȍș Ȑ ȕȍ-
ȗȘȍȌȊȐȌȍȕȕȖșȚȍȑ ǵȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȘȈșșțȌȖȒ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȍ ȏȈȉȓțȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȍ ǰ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ Ȑ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȣȝ
șȊȧȏȣȊȈȦȚ șȓȖȊȖ «ȋȈȠȐȠ» ș ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ Ȗȉ țȌȐȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȝȈȖȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȔȐȘȍ ș ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȍȔ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȣȝ șȕȖȊ
ȐȓȐ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȦȚ-
șȧ ȘȍȎȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȦȚ
 ȚȖ ȧ ȖȚȔȍȟț ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȊȍșȤȔȈ șț-
ȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȊȣȏȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ Ȍȍȑ-
șȚȊȐȍȔ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ Ȑ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȕȈ ǹȖȕ — ȥȚȖ
ȗȖȓȕȖȍ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȑ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȔȖȍ ȒȈȎ-
Ȍȣȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ — ȗȖȐșȚȐȕȍ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȍȚ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȟțȌȍșȕȖȍ
ȥȚȖ — ȟțȌȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȘțȠȐȓȖ ȍȋȖ
ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ǹȕȣ ȕȈȠȐ ȉȣȊȈȦȚ ȌȊțȝ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȒȈȚȍ-
ȋȖȘȐȑ ȖȌȕȐ ȚȍșȕȖ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȍ ș ȖȉȣȌȍȕȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȉȖȚȈȔȐ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȘȖȒȈȔȐ șȓȈȋȈȦȚșȧ ȉȖ-
ȓȍȍ ȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ Ȑȏ ȊșȍȋȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ
ȗȍȘȍȎȐȓ ȏȈ ȐșȚȍȒȠȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȑ ȟȚȖ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȏȈȒȘȍȗȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈ
ȖȉȠȐȘȕȖȔ ȗȖȓȍ ȍȋȖ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ȅȚȖ — ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ șȖȕ ȥȚȖ —
ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǵȖ șȖȕ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȒȈȚȍȋȖȘȐȐ ǹȖȕ
ȕȍȓȍȗȣȑ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦȡȐȑ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ șȊȧȏȐ ș ȝȈ-
ȘȈȒȚȍȘȖȔ ș ȎȐȏȕȤȦ Ȑ șȚȘȈșȚȧȔȐ șȗȧȡȍȋȖ ȅȚȖȚ șȖȕ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȑ ȧ ȕȈȏȖȊț ȐȍȘȖȋȓȐȜȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȏȕȈȔȍȕțȍȚ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ șȊȍ-
ȘȝȢȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ
ȕȍȓȍȗȖ-ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȍȕ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ.
ǵȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȧ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȑ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȌȣ-

59
șȒȐȊȈȓȐ ȗȘȐȟȐȕț ȓȍȎȈȡțȦ Ȋȕȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȕȈș-
ȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ țȎȍ Ȗ șȕȖȚȖȓȒȖȊȈȚȍȓȧȝ șțȡȍșȚ-
ȊțȍȚ ȠȒȖȓȈ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ șȕȖ-
ȊȐȌȍȕȐȧȝ — ȚȖ țȗȘȍȒȐ ȚȖ ȕȈșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍȔ — ȕȘȈȊ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖ-șȐȔȊȖȓȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȈȦȡȈȧ Ȋ țȔȍ șȗȧ-
ȡȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȅȚȖ — șȓȖȊȈȘȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕțȎȕȖ ȐȏțȟȐȚȤ ȚȈȐȕ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȧȏȣȒ ȒȓȦȟ Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȔȖȋțȚ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔțȌ-
ȘȍȞȣ
Ǫ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȐ ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ Ǵȣ ȕȍ
ȊȣȑȌȍȔ ȏȈ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȣ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȕȈ ǪȍșȤ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ ȖȗȤȧ-
ȕȍȕȐȧ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȣȔ ȕȍȖȉȢȧȚȕȣȔ
șȕȖȔ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ șȐȓȍ ȒȘȈșȖȒ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȍ ȒȖȕȞȍȗȞȐȑ ȕȖ ȖȕȖ
Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȖȝȘȈȕȧȍȚ ȐȕȌȐȊȐȌțȈȓȤȕțȦ ȖȒȘȈșȒț ȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ.
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȐȡȍȚ șȕȈ șȖȕ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȊȈȍȚȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȕȖ ȥȚȖȚ șȖȕ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȔ șȣȕȖȔ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ ǷȘȍȉȣȊȈȧ Ȋ ȉȍȏȌȍȑșȚ-
ȊȐȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȗțȚȍȔ ȊȊȖȌȐȚ șȊȍȘȝȢȍșȚȍșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖȍ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȑ Ȋ șȊȖȍ ȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȖ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ
ȥȚȖȚ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȑ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȑ ȗȖȌȢȍȔ ȍȋȖ ȟțȊșȚȊ Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ
ȚȍȔ Ȏȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȚȍȔ Ȏȍ ȟȐșȓȖȔ ȓȐȠȤ ȊȖȏȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȔ Ȋ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȣșȖȒțȦ șȚȍȗȍȕȤ Ƕȕ ȗȖȘȈȉȖȡȍȕ ȕȖ Ȓ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȦ ȗȖ-
ȘȈȉȖȡȍȕ șȈȔȐȔ șȖȉȖȦ ȚȖȑ ȟȈșȚȤȦ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȋȖș-
ȗȖȌșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ Ȋ ȕȍȔ Ȗȕ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓ șȌȍȓȈȚȤșȧ ȈȕȋȍȓȖȔ — Ȑ șȚȈȓ
ȏȊȍȘȍȔ Ȋ ȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȏȊȍȘȍȔ ȍșȓȐ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȖȔ ȟȘȍȏȔȍȘȕțȦ ȟțȊșȚȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȐ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȐ ȊȖȓȐ șȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȦȡȍȑ ȐȓȐ ȕȈȗ-
ȘȈȊȓȧȦȡȍȑ ȍȍ
ǷțșȚȤ Ȏȍ șȊȍȚșȒȐȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȕȍȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȍ ȎȍȓȈȦȡȐȍ
ȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚȤșȧ ș ȥȚȐȔȐ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȧȔȐ
ȚȊȍȘȌȖ ȏȈȗȖȔȕȧȚ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȕȈȑȌțȚ Ȋ ȋȈȠȐȠȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȟț-
ȌȍșȕȖȋȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȧȘȒȖȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ-
șȚȐ ǴȖȏȋ Ȑ ȊȍșȤ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȍȚ ȋȈȠȐȠ
ȌȈȦȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȊȖȐ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȍ ȐȕȌȐȊȐȌțȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ
ȗȘȈȊȌȈ, ȉȖȓȍȍ ȐȕȚȍȕșȐȊȕȣȍ ȒȈȒ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȔț ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊț ȚȈȒ
Ȑ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȑ șȐȓȍ ȕȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊȍȘȕȣȍ șȊȖȍȔț ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȦ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȜȈȚȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȋȕȍȚȈ șȊȖȍ-
ȋȖ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȌțȝȖȊȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȔȗȍȘȈȔȍȕȚȈ Ȍȓȧ ȟțȊșȚȊ Ȑ
Ȕȣșȓȍȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȋȈȠȐȠ ȉțȌȍȚ ȓȐȠȤ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖȔ — ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖȔ
țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȦȡȐȔ, ȕȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȋȓȈȌȒȐȔ

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ǪȖȚ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȈȔȐ ȥȚȖ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȖ ȒȖȔȖȟȍȒ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȑ ȔȈșșȣ Ȋ
ȊȐȌȍ ȊȈȘȍȕȤȧ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȖȑ ș ȖȘȍȝ șȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ ȏȈȗȈȝȖȔ ȊȖȏ-
ȉțȎȌȈȦȡȐȔ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȖȚȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȏȣȊ Ȓ ȚȖȠ-
ȕȖȚȍ — ȟȚȖ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȌȈȎȍ șȈȔȣȑ ȚȖȕȒȐȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ
ȍșȓȐ ȌȖȊȍșȚȐ ȌȖ ȔȈȒșȐȔțȔȈ ȍȋȖ șȐȓț Ȑ ȚȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ țȗȓȖȚ-
ȕȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȇ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȦ șȍȉȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȔȐȔȖȝȖȌȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ țȚ-
ȊȍȘȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȍȕȖ Ȋ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖȍ șȈȔȣȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȊȕȣȑ șȈȔȣȑ ȖȚȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȗȖșȖ-
ȉȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȣ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ȌȖȊȍșȚȐ ȌȖ ȔȐȕȐȔțȔȈ ȍȋȖ șȊȖȑșȚȊȈ Ȑ șȐȓț ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍ-
ȕȐȧ ǰȚȈȒ ȊȖȚ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȈȔȐ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȖȕȖ ȊȔȍȡȈȍȚ-
șȧ Ȋ ȟȈȑȕȖȑ ȓȖȎȒȍ ȥȚȖ șȟȈșȚȤȍ șȖ ȊșȍȔȐ ȍȋȖ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈȔȐ
ȍȋȖ ȉȍȏțȔȐȍȔ Ȑ ȘȍȉȧȟȍșȚȊȖȔ. Ǫȣ ȔȖȎȍȚȍ ȉȍȏ șȚȘȈȝȈ ȗȘȖ-
ȋȓȖȚȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ țȔȐȘȈȦȚ ǪȈȠȐ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȖȘȋȈ-
ȕȣ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖșȚȘȈȌȈȦȚ ǪȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ șȓȐȠ-
ȒȖȔ ȟȈșȚȖȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȟȈȘȈȔ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȖșȓȈȉȐȚ
șȐȓț ȊȈȠȍȑ ȊȖȓȐ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȕȐȏȐȚ ȊȈȠț ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȤ ȕȖ
ȒȈȘȈ ȍȡȍ ȚȈȒ ȌȈȓȍȒȈ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȐȍ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏ-
ȔȈ ȚȈȒ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ș țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ǿȍȔ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȘȐș-
ȒțȍȚȍ" ȏȈȊȚȘȈ Ȋȣ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȈȉȖșȚȤ ȕȍȘȊ-
ȕȖȍ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȐȍ ǸȈȏȊȍ Ȋȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȈȍȚȍșȤ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ
ȚȧȎȒȐȔ ȚȍȘȏȈȕȐȧȔ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȏȈȔȈȕȟȐȊȖȑ ȕȈȋȘȈȌȣ" ǰȚȈȒ,
ȥȚȖ ȘȍȠȍȕȖ Ȋȣ ȘȈȏȊȖȌȐȚȍ ȊȈȠț ȗȖȘȞȐȦ ȎȐȘȕȖȋȖ ȥȒșȚȘȈȒȚȈ
Ȋ ȟȈȠȒȍ ȒȖȜȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȐȌȈȚȤ ȍȔț ȉȖȓȤȠȍ șȐȓȣ Ȑ Ȗȉȍșȗȍ-
ȟȐȚȤ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȉȣșȚȘȖȍ ȊșȈșȣȊȈȕȐȍ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȗȖȏȈȉȖȚȐȚȤșȧ
Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȎȍȓțȌȖȒ ȊȈȠ ȉȣȓ șȊȖȉȖȌȍȕ ȖȚȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȧ ȊȈȠ
ȖȉȍȌ ȌȖ ȌȍȊȧȚȐ ȐȓȐ ȌȖ ȌȍșȧȚȐ ȟȈșȖȊ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȕțȎȕȖ ȗȘȍȌȖ-
șȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȧȌț ȗȖȓȕțȦ șȊȖȉȖȌț ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ Ȋ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȔ șȓțȟȈȍ
Ȋȣ ȗȖȌȒȘȍȗȐȚȍșȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȟȈș ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȘȐȍȔȈ ȟȐșȚȣȔ șțȗȖȔ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋȣ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȖȌȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȣ Ȍȓȧ șȚȖȓȤ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȋȖ Ȑ
ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖȋȖ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ǹȊȐșȚȖȒ ȌȈȕ ȗȈȘțșȈ ȕȈȚȧȕțȚȣ
Ȑ Ȋȣ ȗȖȓȤȏțȍȚȍșȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȚȍȔ
țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȖȔ ȟȚȖ șȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȒțȌȈ
ȍȌȍȚȍ ǪȍȌȤ Ȋȣ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌȈ ȏȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȦȚ ȘȖȒȖȊȣȍ șȐȓȣ
ȇ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȦ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȗȖȏȈȉȖȚȐȓȐșȤ ȊȣȉȘȈȚȤ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȘȐȧȚ-
ȕȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ Ȍȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ǷȖȓ-
ȕȖȚȈ ȖȘȋȐȐ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȍ Ǫȣ ȌȖȓȎ-
ȕȣ ȐȔȍȚȤ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȋȈȠȐȠȍ ȒȈȒ Ȋ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȏȍȘ-

61
ȒȈȓȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȣȍ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȣ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȈȔ ȕȈȝȖ-
ȌȧȡȐȑșȧ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȕȖ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȍȍ ȍȋȖ ȖȉșȚȖȧ-
ȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ Ȑ șȘȍȌȈ ț ȊȈș ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȐ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȖșȚȍȑ
ȚȘȍȉțȦȡȐȝ șȘȖȟȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȚȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȕȐ șȍȔȍȑȕȣȝ
ȏȈȉȖȚ ȕȐ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȣȝ ȚȍȘȏȈȕȐȑ ǵȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ǯȈȉȖȚȣ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȖ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ Ȗȉ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȕȖșȚȧȝ țȋ-
ȕȍȚȈȦȡȐȝ ȊȈȠț ȊȖȓȦ Ȑ ȊȈȠȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȉțȌțȚ ȏȊțȟȈȚȤ șȘȍ-
ȌȐ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȑ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȏȊȖȕ Ȑ ȖȚȘȈ-
ȊȧȚ ȊȈȔ ȊȈȠȍ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ. ǩȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȖ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȝ ȗȍȟȈȓȤ — Ȋ ȔțȒț ǭșȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȗȘȍȌȊȈȘȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȐȧ șȖȉȓȦȌȍȕȣ ȍșȓȐ șȚȖȐȚ ȝȖȘȖȠȈȧ ȗȖȋȖ-
ȌȈ ȍșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚȍșȤ Ȋ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȝ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ ȕȈȗȘȐ-
ȔȍȘ șȘȍȌȐ ȎȐȊȖȗȐșȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ ȐȓȐ Ȋ ȗȖȥȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȖȉșȚȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȕȖȔ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȐ ȍșȓȐ ȗȘȐȚȖȔ Ȋȣ ȐȔȍȍȚȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ
șȓȣȠȈȚȤ ȔțȏȣȒț ȚȖ ț ȊȈș ȍșȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȟȍȋȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȚȤ
Ǫ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȐ ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȦȚșȧ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȚȘȐ
ȓȍȋȒȖ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȔȣȍ ȜȈȏȣ Ȑ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ șȐȔȗȚȖȔȣ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȜȈȏȣ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ ț ȕȖȊȐȟȒȖȊ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚȕȖȍ ȏȘȍ-
ȓȐȡȍ ǪȈȔ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ șȓȣȠȈȚȤ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ȗ ȟț-
ȌȍșȕȖȔ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȐ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȊȈȠȍ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ șȖȏ-
ȌȈȓȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȚȖ ȐȌȍȈȓȤȕȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȖȗȤȧ-
ȕȍȕȐȧ Ȋȣ ș ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȍȔ ȎȌȍȚȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȓȐ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȊȈȠȐȔ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȧȔ ȅȚȖȋȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ș șȈȔȖȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ țȎȍ ȊȣȏȊȈȚȤ ț ȊȈș ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȖ ȊȍșȤȔȈ
ȉȓȈȋȖȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȍ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȍȕȐȧ ȊȈș ȏȈȊȖȍȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȕȈȒ-
ȓȖȕȕȖșȚȧȔ ȧȌȈ ǩȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȖ ȕȖȊȐȟȒȖȊ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȜȈȏȍ ȥȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȐȧ ȎȈȓțȦȚșȧ ȕȈ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ;
ȖȕȐ ȎȌțȚ ȍȋȖ ș ȘȍȉȧȟȍșȒȐȔ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȎȐȌȈȍ-
Ȕȣȍ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȦȚ ȖȕȐ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȚ ȐȏȌȍȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ Ȑȏ-
ȓȐȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȍ ȕȍȊȍȘȐȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȏȈȉȈȊȕȖȍ Ȍȓȧ șȚȈȘȣȝ ȊȍȚȍȘȈȕȖȊ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣ Ȋșȍ ȜȈȏȣ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ǷȍȘ-
Ȋȣȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȐ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ șȐȔȗȚȖȔȈȔ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȍȔȖȑ ȋȘȖ-
ȏȣ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ Ȑ ȘȈȏȘȈșȚȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈ ȜȖȕȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȕȍȊȍ-
ȘȐȧ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȊȈȔȐ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȊȈȍȚ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȊȍșȍȓȖșȚȤ ȉȍș-
șȔȣșȓȍȕȕȈȧ Ȑ ȕȍțȌȍȘȎȐȔȈȧ ȅȚȐ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȣ ȉȍșȗȘȐȟȐȕȕȖȑ
ȊȍșȍȓȖșȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȋȣ ȗȖȟȚȐ șȚȣȌȐȚȍșȤ țȗȖȘȕȖ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȦȚ-
șȧ șȔȍȕȧȧșȤ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȈȔȐ ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍȕȐȧ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȋȣ
ȚȡȍȚȕȖ ȗȣȚȈȍȚȍșȤ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȐȚȤșȧ ǹȈȔȣȍ ȗȘȖșȚȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ

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șȈȔȣȍ ȖȉȣȌȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȕȖ-
ȊțȦ Ȑ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ șȚȘȈȕȕțȦ ȖȒȘȈșȒț ȊȈș ȗȖȘȈȎȈȍȚ ȌȈȎȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ
ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ Ȑ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȑȝ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ ȗȘȖș-
ȚȣȔȐ Ǫ ȊȈȠȍȔ ȔȖȏȋț ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖ șȖȏȌȈȦȚșȧ șȈȔȣȍ ȕȍșȖȖȉ-
ȘȈȏȕȣȍ șȈȔȣȍ ȕȍȗȘȍȌȊȐȌȍȕȕȣȍ ȈșșȖȞȐȈȞȐȐ Ȑ șȖȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȈȧ ȐȋȘȈ șȓȖȊ ȗȖȓȕȣȍ ȒȖȔȐȏȔȈ șȞȍȕȣ ǬȍȔȖȕ
ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓ ȊȈȔȐ ȉȍșȗȖȓȍȏȕȖ ȉȖȘȖȚȤșȧ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ
ȥȚȖȑ ȊȍșȍȓȖșȚȐ ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȡȍȒȖȚȒȈ ǪȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍ-
ȕȐ Ȋȣ șȔȍȍȚȍșȤ ȕȈȌ șȖȉȖȦ ȕȈȌ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȋȓțȗȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ
ȉȍȏțȔȐȍȔ Ȑ ȊȈȠȐ șȖȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ȍșȓȐ ȖȕȐ ț ȊȈș ȍșȚȤ ȚȈȒȎȍ
ȉțȌțȚ șȔȍȧȚȤșȧ ȕȈȌ ȊȈȠȐȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍȔ — Ȑ ȕȈȌ șȊȖȐȔ șȖȉșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȖ, ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ șȔȍȦȚșȧ ȌȖȉȘȖȌțȠȕȖ ȚȖ Ȋȣ ȕȍ
șȍȘȌȐȚȍșȤ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȅȚȈ șȚȘȈȕȕȈȧ ȊȍșȍȓȖșȚȤ — ȚȖ ȏȈȚȐȝȈȦȡȈȧ
ȚȖ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȦȡȈȧ ȥȚȈ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ șȔȍȠȈȕȕȈȧ ș ȉȖȓȤȦ
ȥȚȈ ȕȍțȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȕȍȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ ȌȓȧȚșȧ ȖȉȣȒ-
ȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖ ǪșȒȖȘȍ șȊȧȏȤ ȔȍȎȌț ȐȌȍȧȔȐ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ
ȚȈȒ șȓȈȉȈ ȖȉȡȈȧ ȕȐȚȤ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌȧȡȈȧ ȊȈȠȐȔȐ ȊȖșȗȘȐȧȚȐȧ-
ȔȐ ȚȈȒ ȚȘțȌȕȖ țȓȖȊȐȔȈ ȟȚȖ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȈȠȐ șȖȚȖȊȈȘȐ-
ȡȐ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȊȈș ǵȖ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȊȖȏ-
ȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȐȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ
ȖȕȐ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȊȈș Ȑ ȏȈȉȓțȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȖ ȖȉȖȦȌȕȖȍ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȐ
ȉȍȏțȔșȚȊȈ ȥȚȐ ȊȏȘȣȊȣ ȝȖȝȖȚȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȧȚ ȕȈ ȏȘȐȚȍȓȧ ȕȍ
ȖȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ șțȔȈșȠȍ-
șȚȊȐȧ ȐȓȐ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȌȐȒȖȑ ȏȈȉȈȊȣ ȔȈȕȤȧȒȖȊ ǺȖȟȕȖ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ
ȉȓȈȋȖȘȈȏțȔȐȍ ȚȘȍȏȊȖȋȖ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȧ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ
ȔȣșȓȐ ȏȈȉȈȊȓȧȦȚ Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȓȍȒȈȦȚ ȊȈș ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȖșȖȉȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȣ ȉȍȏțȔȐȧ Ǫȣ ȖȉȔȍȕȧȓȐșȤ ȘȖȓȧȔȐ ǭȋȖ ȝȓȈȌȕȖ-
ȒȘȖȊȐȍ ȚȖȓȒȈȍȚ ȊȈș Ȓ șȈȔȖȑ ȘȍȏȒȖȑ ȐȘȖȕȐȐ ǵȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȓȐ
ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȖȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖȑ ȊȍșȍȓȖșȚȤȦ,
ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ Ȏȍ șȖșȚȖȧ-
ȕȐȐ — ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȒȖȔȐȟȕȖ" ǩȍȏțȔȕȣȑ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ș
ȎȈȓȖșȚȤȦ ȕȈ ȘȈȏțȔȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ș ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈ ȐȌȍȧ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌșȚȊȈ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȍ ȍȋȖ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȍȒ-
ȚȈ ǰȌȍȧ ȥȚȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȘȈșȠȐȘȧȚȤșȧ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȚȤ
ȒȈȒ ȔȍȚȍȖȘ
ȇ ȉȣȓ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȔ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȑ șȞȍȕȣ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȦ-
ȡȐȍ ȓȐȞȈ ȏȈȠȓȐ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȖ șȔȍȠȕȈȧ șȚȖȘȖȕȈ ȍȍ
ȉȣȓȈ ȊȐȌȐȔȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȍȔ ȒȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȏȕȈȒȖȔ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȗȖ ȕȈ-

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ȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧȔ ȕȈȌ ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ș ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍȔ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ Ȑ ș ȚȖȑ ȖȋȘȖȔ-
ȕȖȑ ȘȈȏȕȐȞȍȑ ȌțȠȍȊȕȖȋȖ ȌȐȈȗȈȏȖȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȗȕ șȖȏȌȈȍȚ
ȔȍȎȌț ȌȊțȔȧ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈȊȕȣȔȐ Ȋ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ǰȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȔțȏȣȒȈȕȚ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖ-
Ȕȣȑ șȖ șȊȖȑșȚȊȈȔȐ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȍȚ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ȋȌȍ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ țȎȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐ ȋȈȠȐȠ ǭȔț șȚȈȘȈȦȚșȧ ȖȉȢȧș-
ȕȐȚȤ ȟțȌȍșȕȖȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȈ Ǫ ȖȚȊȍȚ ȕȈ ȥȚȐ țȌȐ-
ȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ȗȕ ȚȖȔȕȖ Ȑ ȓȦȉȍȏȕȖ țȓȣȉȈȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȎȍȓȈȦȡȐȑ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȐșȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ǵȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ Ȑȝ
ȖȉȖșȚȘȍȕȣ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍȔ ȧȌȈ ȖȕȐ ȕȈșȒȊȖȏȤ ȊȐȌȧȚ ȍȋȖ ȊȕțȚ-
ȘȍȕȕȦȦ țșȔȍȠȒț Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȦȚ ȍȔț ȖșȒȖȘȉȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ șȔȍȝȖȔ
ȅȚȐ ȊȏȘȣȊȣ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ȥȚȈ ȐȋȘȈ șȓȖȊ ȥȚȐ ȐșȒȈȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȓȐȞȈ
Ȋșȧ ȥȚȈ ȕȍȏȌȖȘȖȊȈȧ ȈȚȔȖșȜȍȘȈ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ
ȍȋȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȊȖȓȐ ȏȈȧȊȐȚȤ ȐȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ
— ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȓȖȝȐȍ ȠțȚȒȐ Ȑ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ țȚȖȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ Ȍȓȧ
șȈȔȐȝ ȠțȚȕȐȒȖȊ ǺȖȟȕȖ ȉȓȍșȒȖȔ ȔȖȓȕȐȐ Ȋșȍ ȓȐȞȈ ȖȏȈȘȧȦȚ-
șȧ ȒȖȔȐȏȔȖȔ ǪȍșȍȓȖșȚȤ țȌȊȖȐȓȈșȤ ©ȅȚȈ ȠțȚȒȈ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ ȊȈȔ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗȕ — ȕȖ Ȕȕȍ
ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖª — ǪȗȖȓȕȍ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȕȈ ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈ
țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ ȕȈȔ — ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ș ȗȘȐșțȡȐȔ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȔț
ȥȋȖȐȏȔȖȔ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȧ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȓȐ Ȗȕ ȌȍȓȖ ș ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȔȐ șțȔȈ-
șȠȍȌȠȐȔȐ ȐȓȐ ș șȐȔțȓȐȘțȦȡȐȔȐ șțȔȈșȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ȕȈȠ ȋȍ-
ȘȖȑ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȈȏțȔȕȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ țȌȈȓȐȚȤșȧ ȕȖ ȒȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȏȈȗȐȘȈȍȚ ȌȊȍȘȐ Ȑ ȗȘȧȟȍȚ ȒȓȦȟ ǬȘțȋȖȑ ȖȗțșȚȐȊȠȐșȤ
ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȗȘȖșȐȚ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȡȍȕȐȧ — ȖȚ ȐȔȍȕȐ
ȊșȍȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ — Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ șȖ șȓȍȏȈȔȐ
ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȏȈȧȊȓȧȍȚ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȖȕȐ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ șȒȖȘȉȧ Ȗ ȍȋȖ
ȌțȝȖȊȕȖȑ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȚȍȔ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȖȚȕȖșȧȚșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ș
ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȍȑ șȐȔȗȈȚȐȍȑ Ƕȕ ȗȖȒȖȘȧȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ Ȗȕ țșȚț-
ȗȈȍȚ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȣȔ ȗȘȖșȤȉȈȔ — țșȓȈȌȐȚȤ Ȑȝ șȊȖȍȑ Ȑȋ-
ȘȖȑ ǵȖ ȏȊțȒȐ șȒȘȐȗȒȐ ȘȈȏȓȐȊȈȧșȤ ȗȖ ȏȈȓȍ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȘȈȏȕȖ-
șȧȚ ȕȖȊțȦ ȏȈȘȈȏț Ȑ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȦȚ șȓȖȊȖ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ șȐȓȤ-
ȕȖ
 — ȚȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȚȖ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ǸȈȏȌȈȦȚșȧ ȝȘȐȗȓȣȍ
ȊȏȌȖȝȐ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȍ ȘȣȌȈȕȐȧ șȓȍȏȣ ȚȍȒțȚ ȘțȟȤȧȔȐ ǰȏțȔ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȑ șȒȘȐȗȈȟ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȑȌȧ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȑ ȋȘȖȔȟȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȍȚ șȊȖȑ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ș
ȕȐȔ Ȑ ȟȍȔ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ ȍȔț" ǶȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ
ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ ș ȥȚȐȔȐ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȍȚ ȓȐȔȖȕȈ-

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ȌȈ Ȑ ȒȐșȓȖȚȣ ǵȖ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȖȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȥȒșȚȈȏȖȔ șȔȖȚȘȐȚ
ȕȈ ȖȉȖȐȝ ș ȕȍȊȣȘȈȏȐȔȣȔ ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȐȍȔ dzȍȟȐȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȖȓȍȕ ȖȚ ȐȏȉȣȚȒȈ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȖȚ ȉȍȏȔȍȘȕȖȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ
DzȈȒ ȊȐȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȥȗȐȏȖȌȈ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȉȓȈ-
ȋȖȌțȠȐȍ ȖȒȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȚ șȖȉȖȑ Ȋșȍ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍ-
Ȕȣȍ ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ — ȉȓȈȋȖȌțȠȐȍ ȔȧȋȒȖȍ ȓȍȕȐȊȖȍ ȕȍȔȖȍ Ȗȉț-
șȓȖȊȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȘȈșșȓȈȉȓȍȕȐȍȔ Ȋșȍȑ ȕȍȘȊȕȖȑ șȐșȚȍȔȣ B ȗȖȌ-
ȒȘȍȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ ȧ ȗȘȐȊȍȌț ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȓȐ-
ȞȈ ȐșȗȣȚȈȊȠȍȋȖ ȥȚȖ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȧ
ǸȈșșȒȈȏȟȐȒ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖȍ ȊȖș-
ȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ Ȗ Ȋșȍȝ șȊȖȐȝ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȧȝ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ șȚȈȓȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȧșȕȖ Ȓ ȒȈȒȖȔț ȕȍȓȍȗȖȔț Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉȍȏȊȣȝȖȌȕȖȔț ȗȖȓȖȎȍ-
ȕȐȦ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍșȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȐȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȍȋȖ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȍȑ șȘȍȌȖȑ ǵȍ ȗȖȔȕȦ Ȋ ȚȖȟ-
ȕȖșȚȐ ȉȣȓ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȐȓȐ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȖȗȣȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ș țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ǷȘȐȕȧȓ ȓȐ Ȗȕ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠțȦ ȌȖȏț — ȐȓȐ ȋȈȠȐȠ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȊȐȌȐȔȖȑ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ ȟȚȖ
șȓțȟȈȍȚșȧ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȟȈșȚȖ
 ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȌȍȑșȚ-
ȊȐȍ" Ƕȕ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȜȖȕȍ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ȥȚȖȑ
ȊȣșȠȍȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ȖȚ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ȗȖȓȕȖȚȣ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ
șȊȖȍȑ ȋȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ — ȗȖȧȊȐȓȖșȤ ȊȌȘțȋ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ țȎȈșȕȖȍ
ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȍ Ƕșȓȍȗȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȒȘȈșȖȚȖȑ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȎȐȊȈȕȐȑ Ȗȕ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗțȋȈȍȚșȧ Ȑȝ Ƕȕ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȚ șȍȉȧ ȊȖ ȟȚȖ
ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȚșȧ ȍȋȖ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȍȒȚ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌțȚ ȜțȕȒȞȐȖȕȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ
ȍȋȖ ȖȘȋȈȕȣ ȍșȓȐ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȘȖȞȍșș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȗȕ șȟȐȚȈȓ șȊȍȘ-
ȝȢȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȉțȌȍȚ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ țșȐȓȐȊȈȚȤșȧ" ǩȓȈȋȖ-
ȌȈȘȧ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȌȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȣȝ ȘȈȏȔȍ-
ȘȖȊ ȗȘȐșțȡȍȑ ȌțȝȖȊȕȖȔț ȏȘȍȕȐȦ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ
ȥȚȖȚ șȚȘȈȝ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȊȣȏȊȈȚȤ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȣȍ ȚȍȘȏȈȕȐȧ ©ȇ
ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓ, — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗȕ, — ȕȈ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖȕȍșȓȈ Ȑ
ȔȟȐȚșȧ Ȓ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȐ ȖȕȈ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȎȈșȕȣȑ ȋȈȓȖȗ Ȑ ȔȖȧ ȔȣșȓȤ ȐȋȘț-
ȠȒȈ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊ șȘȍȌȣ șȓțȟȈȧ — ȊșȍȋȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȉȣȚȤ ȖȝȊȈȟȍȕȖ șȓȖȊȖȔ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȈ ȟȐșȚȖ ȘȈȗșȖ-
ȌȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȘȈȏȔȈȝ ǷȖȏȌȕȖ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓ ȧ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ș ȋȓțȉȖ-
ȒȐȔ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȤȍȔ ǭȌȊȈ ȗȘȖȠȓȈ ȥȚȈ ȜȖȘȔȈ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȕȐȑ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȈȧ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȌȓȐȓȈșȤ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȌȖȓȋȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȝȖȚȧ
ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȖșȤ ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ — Ȑ

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ȧ ȊȖȏȕȈȌȍȧȓșȧ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȉȓȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȒȖȑ
șȚȖȓȤ ȞȍȕȐȔȣȑ șȣȕȈȔȐ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȉȘțȠȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȕȖȊȖȍ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ ǵȖȊȖȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȔȍȓȖȟȕȖȍ
Ȑ ȘȍȉȧȟȍșȒȖȍ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȇ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȍȕ ȕȈ ȖȉȍȌ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȉțȌȍȚ ȔȕȖȋȖ șȖȓȐȌȕȣȝ
ȓȦȌȍȑ ǰ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ șȍȉȧ șȘȍȌȐ ȚȖȓȗȣ ȒȖȘȘȍȒȚȕȣȝ Ȑ ȉȓȈ-
ȋȖȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȕȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȊȓȈȌȍȦȡȐȝ șȖȉȖȑ — Ȋȣ-
ȕțȎȌȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȘȐ șȊȍȚȍ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȓȈȔȗ șȒȘȣȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȍ
șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȇ ȉȣȓ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ țȌȈșȚșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȕȖ ȊȔȍșȚe ș
ȚȍȔ ȗȈȌȈȓ ȌțȝȖȔ ȗȘȐ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȗ ȚȖȔ țȎȈșȕȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȐ
ȊȖȓȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȍȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȒȈȒȈȧ șȓțȟȈȑ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȊȣȏȊȈȓȈ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ șȓȖȊȈ ǭȊȈȕȋȍȓȐȧ “ǫȖ-
Șȍ ȗȘȐȕȖșȧȡȍȔț șȖȉȓȈȏȕ” — Ȑ, ȎȍȓȈȧ ȏȈȉȣȚȤ Ȑȝ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȧȋȈȧ
Ȍȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȋșȍ țșȐȓȐȧ ȧ ȉȍcȗȘȍșȚȈȕȕȖ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ
țȔȍ ǰ ȊȖȚ ȔȖȍ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ ȌȈ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȐșȚȐȕȕȖȍ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ
ȗȘȐȕȧȓȖ ȋȘȈȕȌȐȖȏȕȣȍ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȣ ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ șȓȈȉȖșȚȤ ȧ
ȘȍȠȐȓșȧ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȟȕȖȍ țșȐȓȐȍ Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȈȗȚȍ-
ȒȈȘȦ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȧȌȐȑ Ȉ Ȕȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȧȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ Ȗȉ-
ȡȍșȚȊȖ ȒțȌȈ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȈȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖȓȋ șȊȍȎȐȔ Ȑ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȔ ǵȖ
ȕȈ ȗȖȘȖȋȍ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖșȍȕȐȓȈ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȈȧ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ Ȑ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ȏȈ-
ȌțȔȈȚȤșȧ ǷȖ ȗțȚȐ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȊȐȚȘȐȕȍ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȈ șȊȖȍ ȖȚȘȈ-
ȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȊȐȌ ȔȖȑ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȅȚȈ ȉȓȍȌȕȖșȚȤ ȥȚȐ șȎȈȚȣȍ
ȋțȉȣ ȥȚȐ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ “ǯȈȟȍȔ, — ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ ȧ,
— ȚȘȍȊȖȎȐȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȐȓȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ —Ȑ ȗȖ ȚȈȒȖȔț ȗțcȚȧ-
Ȓț” Dz ȥȚȖȔț ȗȘȐșȖȍȌȐȕȧȓșȧ “șȚȘȈȝ șȔȍȠȕȖȋȖ” Ȑ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ
ȐȏȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȉȖȧȏȕȤ ȏȈșȚȈȚȤ ȓȦȌȍȑ Ȋ ȔȈȋȈ-
ȏȐȕȍ ǵȖ ȔȖȍ ȕȍȖȉȢȧșȕȐȔȖȍ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț ȈȗȚȍȒȈ-
ȘȦ ȗȖȌȈȊȓȧȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ȇ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓ șȍȉȍ ȥȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȚȈȒȐȔ Ȏȍ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȒȈȒȐȔ
ȉȣȓ Ȑ șȈȔ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȘȖȒȖȊȖȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ — Ȑ, ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȈȧ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ
șȓțȝ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȌțȠȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ șȖȌȘȖȋȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȠțȔȈ
ȘȍȠȐȓ ȊȖȑȚȐ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȕȈ ȞȣȗȖȟȒȈȝ ǵțȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ, — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
ȧ șȍȉȍ, — Ȋ ȊȣșȠȍȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȌȍȓȐȒȈȚȕȣȔ ȗȖ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȦ Ȓ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧ ȝȖȟț ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ǰ
ȧ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ șȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȚȤ ȏȊțȒȐ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȏȈȋȓțȠȈȚȤ ȠțȔ
ȔȖȐȝ ȠȈȋȖȊ Ǫȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȋȖȓȖș ȓȦȌȍȑ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȋȈȠȐ-
ȠȍȔ" ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȐȏȒȐȑ ȋȖȘȚȈȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍȔ ȕȈȗȖ-

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ȔȐȕȈȦȡȐȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȏȈȒȖȘȍȕȍȓȣȝ ȖȗȐȖȔȈȕȖȊ — ǸȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚ ȗȖȓț-
ȟȐȓșȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȣȑ ȚȖȔț ȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȧ ȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȓ ǮȍȓȈȧ țșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤ ȈȗȚȍȒȈȘȧ ȧ ȕȈȗțȋȈȓ ȍȋȖ Ƕȕ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ Ȗ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ Ȗ ȕȍȑ Ƕȕ șȔȖȚ-
Șȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ș ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ Ȑ ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȐȍȔ ǵȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓ
ȓȐ Ȗȕ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȏȓȖțȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȐȒȈ ȐȓȐ ȗȖ-
ȗȘȖȠȈȑȒț" ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȕȐ ȏȈ ȚȖȋȖ ȕȐ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ
ȕȍȓȍȗȣȍ ȔȣșȓȐ ȗȘȖȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȐ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȔȖȏȋț ȇ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ
ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ ȍȔț ș ȒȈȒȐȔ țșȐȓȐȍȔ
 Ȗ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȐ ȊȈȘȍȕȤȧ Ȑȏ ȒȖȕȖȗȓȐ Ȑ Ȗ ȚȖȔ Ȍȓȧ ȟȍȋȖ ȖȕȖ țȗȖȚȘȍȉ-
ȓȧȍȚșȧ ȧ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ
ȕȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȕȍȟȍȋȖ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȘȖȠț ț ȕȍȋȖ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ Ȍȓȧ ȖșȓȈȉȓȍȕȐȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȧȌȈ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȌȍȑ-
șȚȊțȧ ȍȔț ȗȖȌȟȍȘȒȐȊȈȧ ȉȍșȗȘȍșȚȈȕȕȖ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ țȌȘțȟȍȕ
ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȤȦ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȗȖ ȚȈȒȖȔț șȒțȟȕȖȔț
Ȍȍȓț ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ — ȗȖȑȔȐȚȍ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ țȕȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȖ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ Ȋ ȍȋȖ șȓȖȊȈȝ — Ȗȕ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȗȖȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ țȌȈȓȐȚȤșȧ ǺȈ-
ȒȖȊȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈȋȘȈȌȈ ȏȈ ȔȖȍ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȔȖȍ ȗȘȍțȊȍȓȐ-
ȟȍȕȕȖȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȌțȠȐȍ ȇ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȠȖ-
ȒȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȚȈȔ ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȓșȧ Ȗ șȊȍȘȝȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ țșȐ-
ȓȐȧȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȧ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ ǵȖ ȧ
ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȉțȌț ȚȍȘȏȈȕȐȑ țȓȤȚȘȈ-ȗȖȥȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȖȗȤȧȕȍ-
ȕȐȧ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȤȦ șȖȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȓȐȟȐȧ Ȑ ȖȚ-
ȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍȔ ȌȖȓȋȈª
ǽȖȚȧ ȧ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ șȒȓȖȕȍȕ șȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧȔ șȖȏ-
ȌȈȕȕȣȔ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ țȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ șȔȍxa, șȓț-
ȠȈȧ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ǨȊȚȖȘ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȐșȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ
ȐșȒȈȚȤ Ȋ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȖȔ ȊȈȘȍȕȤȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȕțȎ-
ȕȖ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ șȍȉȍ ȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎ-
ȕȣȑ Ȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȈȏțȔȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȑȏ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ȚȖ Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ
țȔȍȕȤȠȈȚȤ ȌȖȏȣ ȧȌȈ — Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȟȈȡȍ ȗȘȐȉȍȋȈȚȤ Ȓ
ȕȍȔț ǹȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȐȚ ȗȈȋțȉȕȣȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȧ ȚȈȒȖȑ
șȐșȚȍȔȣ
ǪȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȦșȤ Ȓ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȔț ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȦ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȧ
ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ ǷȖșȓȍ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȈ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ Ȋ Șȍȉȧ-
ȟȍșȒȖȑ ȊȍșȍȓȖșȚȐ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȍȚ ȒȘȈȚȒȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȍ țșȗȖȒȖȍȕȐȍ
ǵȖ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȦȚ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ — ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȍ ȝȖȓȖȌȈ Ȋ
ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖșȚȧȝ Ȋ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȓțȟȈȧȝ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ

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Ȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ șȓȈȉȖșȚȤ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȟȓȍȕȈȝ ȘțȒȐ ȊȈȠȐ șȖȊȍȘ-
ȠȍȕȕȖ ȘȈșșȓȈȉȓȍȕȣ Ȉ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ Ȑ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȊȈȠȍȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȍ
Ȋȣ ȖȡțȡȈȍȚȍ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȖȕȍȔȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȚȧȋȖșȚȕȖȍ ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍȕȐȍ
ǫȓȈȏȈ ȊȈȠȐ ȘȈșȠȐȘȧȦȚșȧ ȖȕȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȘȈșȚȧȋȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ
ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧȝ șȐȓȖȑ ȕȍțȌȍȘȎȐȔȖȋȖ ȥȒșȚȈȏȈ dzȐȞȖ ȊȈȠȍ ȗȖ-
ȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȉȓȍȌȕȖșȚȤȦ ǫțȉȣ ȊȣșȣȝȈȦȚ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ
ȊȚȧȋȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȘȚȖȔ — ȚȍȔ ȊȌȣȝȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȍ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȐȏțȍȚȍ ȟȍșȚȖȓȦȉȐȊȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȖȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ȋȘȈȕȌȐȖȏȕȣȔȐ ȗȓȈȕȈȔȐ ȗȖȋȘțȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȍ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȑ
ȊȌȣȝȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȖȚȌȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȓȍȚț șȊȖȍȋȖ
țȔȈ ǫȖȘȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ șȎȐȔȈȍȚșȧ ǵȨȉȖ ȗȍȘȍșȖȝȓȖ ȖȚ ȎȈȎȌȣ
ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ țȚȖȓȐȚȤ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ
șȓȈȌȖșȚȤ ȓȍȕȐ ȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȍȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȐȓȈșȤ
ȉȣ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȔț ȗȍȘȍȔȍȡȍȕȐȦ ȚȍȓȈ ǽȘȐȗȓȣȍ Ȑ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȍ
ȊȏȌȖȝȐ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȑȏ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȋȘțȌȐ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȊȈȠȍ șȚȈȘȖȍ
ȚȍȓȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȊȣȕȍșȚȐ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȑ Ȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȊȈȠȍȑ
ȕȖȊȖȑ ȌțȠȐ ǪȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȋȣ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȍȚȍ Ȋȣ ȊȣȕțȎ-
Ȍȍȕȣ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȕȍȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȓȤȕȣȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȔț ȝȈȘȈȒ-
ȚȍȘț ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȦȡȐȍ Țȍ ȗȖȌȍȘȋȐȊȈȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖșȓȍ țȚȖ-
ȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȐȓȐ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉțȘȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ ȗȘȍȌȠȍșȚȊțȦȚ
ȕȈșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȦ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȋȖ șȕȈ
ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȍȘȍȑȚȐ Ȓ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȍȔț ȧ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȓȦșȤ ȕȈ
șȓțȟȈȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚșȧ Ȓ țȗȖȔȧȕțȚȖȔț ȊȣȠȍ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȦ
ȝȖȓȖȌȈ Ȋ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖșȚȧȝ Ȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȓțȎȐȚȤ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ ȚȖ-
ȋȖ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣ ȌȈȎȍ ȟȐșȚȖ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȧȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȗȘȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȐ ȧȌȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȧșȤ Ȋ ȚȍșȕȖȑ ȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖșȚȐ ȖȚ Ȑȕ-
ȌȐȊȐȌțȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ǫ ȌȈȕȕȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ Ȕȣ ȐȔȍȍȔ
ȌȍȓȖ ș ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚȖȘȖȔ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȣ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈ ȖȚȔȍ-
ȟȍȕȣ ȗȍȟȈȚȤȦ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤșȒȖȋȖ ȚȍȔȗȍȘȈȔȍȕȚȈ
©ȇ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ, — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗȕ, — țȔȍȘȍȕȕțȦ ȌȖȏț ȎȐȘȕȖȋȖ
ȥȒșȚȘȈȒȚȈ — Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȠȓȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ǷȘȐșȚțȗ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȖȑ Ȋȍ-
șȍȓȖșȚȐ ȌȓȐȓșȧ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖ Ȑ ȔȕȖȦ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȖ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȐșȚȖ-
Ȕȣ Ȑ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȓȖ ș ȉȓȈȎȍȕșȚȊȖȔ.
ȇ ȕȈȌȍȧȓșȧ ȕȈ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȑ ȊȍȟȍȘ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȑ ȖȚ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȏȈ-
ȉȖȚ Dz ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȦ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ șȓȖȎȐȓȐșȤ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ
ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȚȤ Ȋ ȚȍȈȚȘ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȔȖȐȝ
ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȝ ȇ ȔțȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȐȓșȧ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȐ ȏȈ-
ȚȈȐȊ șȊȖȍ ȉȍȏȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȖȍ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȖȚȌȈȚȤșȧ ȓȍȕȐ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȌ-

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ȊȐȎȕȖșȚȐ ǵȍ ȕȈȑȌȧ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȜȐȈȒȘȈ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ
ȒȊȈȘȚȈȓȍ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȚȤ ȌȓȐȕȕȍȑȠȐȑ ȗțȚȤ ȗȍȠ-
ȒȖȔ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȈȧ șȓțȝ șȊȖȑ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȔț ȠțȔț ȥȒȐȗȈȎȍȑ,
ȋȓțȗȣȔ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈȔ ȗȘȖȝȖȎȐȝ ȞȍȓȖȔț ȖȒȍȈȕț ȗȖȠȓȖșȚȐ Ǫ
ȒȖȕȟȐȒȈȝ ȗȈȓȤȞȍȊ ȧ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓ țȎȍ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȍ ȝȖȓȖȌȈ ȝȖ-
ȓȖȌ ȥȚȖȚ Ȋșȍ țșȐȓȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȚȈȓ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȍȏȖȒ
ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȘțȒȐ ȔȖȐ ȉȣȓȐ Ȗȗțȡȍȕȣ Ȋ ȊȍȌȘȖ ȓȍȌȧȕȖȑ ȊȖȌȣ.
ǵȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ ȕȈȖȉȖȘȖȚ ȥȚȖ ȖșȚ-
ȘȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȝȖȓȖȌȈ ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ ȕȈș-
ȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍ ǵȖ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȍ ȝȖȓȖȌȈ Ȋșȍ țșȐȓȐȊȈȓȖșȤ ȘȈȏȈ ȌȊȈ
ȐȓȐ ȚȘȐ ȧ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ ȓȐȞȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȧ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȓ ȌȍȑșȚ-
ȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓȐ
ȟȚȖ ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȗȖȋȖȌȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȍȗȓȈȧ ǶȟțȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ,
Ȋ ȏȈȓȍ ȏȈȗȍȘȚȣȑ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȖȑ Ȕȕȍ ȓȖȎȍ ȐȔȍȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ
ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȐ ȚȘȐ ȐȓȐ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȟȈșȈ ȖȚȌȣȝȈ ȧ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȖȉȍȚȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ ǿțȊșȚȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȧ șȌȍȘȎȐ-
ȊȈȓ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȝȖȌȤȉȣ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȔȖȍȑ ȖșȓȈȉȍȊȠȍȑ ȊȖȓȐ
ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȘȈȏț ȗȘȖȘȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȧ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ȖȚȌȈȓșȧ ȕȍȔȖȔț ȊȖș-
ȚȖȘȋț ǽȖȓȖȌ Ȋșȍ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȉ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȓȦȌȍȑ
Ȋ ȓȍȋȒȐȝ ȒȖșȚȦȔȈȝ ș țșȚȈȓȣȔ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȖȚȐȘȈȊȠȐȝ ȊșȗȖȚȍȊ-
Ƞȍȍ ȖȚ ȎȈȘȣ ȓȐȞȖ Ǵȍȕȧ ȖșȍȕȐȓȈ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȌȐȕ ȗȖȓȤȏțȍȚșȧ ȗȘȈȊȖȔ
ȔȍȘȏȕțȚȤ ȓȍȚȖȔ Ȋ ȚȍȈȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȏȈȓȍ ǽȖȓȖȌ Ȋșȍ țȊȍȓȐȟȐ-
ȊȈȧșȤ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ țȋȘȖȎȈȦȡȐȔ ȕȖ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖ țȏȕȈȚȤ
ȌȖ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȈ Ȗȕ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȌȖȑȚȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ
ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȟɭȊșȚȊ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȗȕ șȌȍȓȈȓșȧ ȉȍȏțșȓȖȊȕȣȔ Ȑ ȖȝȊȈ-
ȚȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊșȍȋȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȔȖȐ ȔȣșȓȐ ȏȈșȚȣ-
ȓȐ ȧ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȔȣșȓȧȡțȦ ȓȤȌȐȕț Ȋ șȚȈȚțȦ Ȋȣșȍȟȍȕ-
ȕțȦ Ȋ ȋȓȣȉȍ ȓȤȌȈ Ȑ ȥȚȈ ȌȐȒȈȧ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȧ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȓȈ ȊȖ
Ȕȕȍ ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȤ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȓȈ ȌțȝȖȊȕȖȍ ȉȓȈȎȍȕșȚȊȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȧ
ȕȍ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ ǴȖȧ ȉȍȏțȔȕȈȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ țșȐȓȐȊȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȍȡȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȟȚȖ ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚ-
ȊțȦȡȐȝ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȐ Ȗ ȔȖȍȑ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȍ ȕȐ Ȗ ȔȖȍȔ
ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌșȚȊȍ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔȐ ǰ ȒȈȒȖȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȧ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓ ȗȘȐ
ȔȣșȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ȔȖȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȍȚ ȊȖ ȊȓȈșȚȐ
ȒȈȒȐȝ ȌȐȒȐȝ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȑ ȧ ȕȈȝȖȎțșȤ ǹȒȘȣȚȕȖșȚȤ ȔȖȧ ȉȣȓȈ
ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȊȖȏȕȈȋȘȈȎȌȍȕȈ Ȑ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ șȓȈȌȖșȚȘȈșȚȤȧ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍ-

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ȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȧ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȓ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȔȖȍȑ ȕȍȘȈȏȌȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȚȈȑ-
ȕȖȑǬȖȓȎȍȕ ȍȡȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȓȖȎț Ȗȡț-
ȡȍȕȐȍ ȔȘȈȒȈ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȖ ȔȖȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȔ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȦ ȝȖȓȖȌȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ
ȧ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓ ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȖȉȈ ȥȚȐ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐ-
ȊȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ Ǫȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȋȈȠȐȠ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȚ
ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȟțȌȍșȕȣȍ șȊȍȚȖȊȣȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȣ ȧȘȒȖȍ șȐȧȕȐȍ
ȒȈșȒȈȌȣ ȘȈșȗȓȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȏȖȓȖȚȈ Ȗȕ ȘȈȌțȍȚșȧ ȊșȧȒȖȔț șȊȍ-
Țț — Ȑ ȚȖȔț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȓȤȍȚșȧ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȔ ȗȖȚȖȒȖȔ Ȑ ȚȖȔț
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ, ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȊȠȐȔșȧ ȉȓȍșȚȒȈȔ, ȞȍȗȓȧȍȚșȧ ȏȈ
ȖșȚȘȐȧ Ȑ ȊȍȘȝțȠȒȐ — Ȑ ȒȈȕȌȍȓȧȉȘȈȔ șȈȓȖȕȖȊ Ȑ ȊȖșȒȖȊȣȔ
șȊȍȟȈȔ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȐȐ Ȋ ȟȍșȚȤ ǩȖȋȖȔȈȚȍȘȐ Ȑ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȔ ȏȈȒȈȚȈȔ
șȖȓȕȞȈ ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȥȚȈ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȈȧ ȓȦșȚȘȈ Ȋ ȚȍȈȚȘȍ ȌȈȊȈȓȈ
șȊȍȚ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȣȑ Ȍȓȧ ȥȚȖȑ ȕȍȕȈșȣȚȕȖȑ ȎȈȎȌȣ ȉȓȍșȒȈ
Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȝȖȎț Ȋ ȞȈȘșȚȊȖ ȔȘȈȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖ-
șȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ șȋțȡȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȋȘȍȏȐȓ Ȗ ȊȍȟȕȖȑ ȏȐȔȍ
Ȑ Ȗ ȗȖȓȧȘȕȣȝ ȕȖȟȈȝ ǿȚȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ șȞȍȕȣ ȕȈ șȞȍȕȍ ȥȚȖȑ ȌȈ-
ȊȈȓȈșȤ ȒȖȔȍȌȐȧ
 ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȖȌȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȈ ȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȒȈȏȈ-
ȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȑ — ȒȈȒ
ȉȣ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȋȖ șȚȍȘȍȖșȒȖȗȈ ȇ ȕȍ ȉțȌț țȚȊȍȘȎ-
ȌȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȓțȠȈȓ ȈȒȚȍȘȖȊ — Ȋȣ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȔȣșȓȤ ȔȖȧ ȗȖȌȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓȈ
ȖȉȘȣȊȖȒ ȜȘȈȏȣ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȐșȒțșȕȖȑ ȚȈȕȞȖȊȡȐȞȍ ȗȖȓȤȏȖ-
ȊȈȓȈșȤ ȍȦ ȒȈȒ țȗȘțȋȖȑ ȌȖșȒȖȑ ȖȚȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȧșȤ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ Ȑ ȉȘȖ-
șȈȧșȤ Ȋ ȖȉȓȈșȚȤ ȋȘȍȏ
ǴȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȌȘȈȔȈ ȊȖșȗȘȐȕȧ-
ȚȈȧ ȗȘȐ ȚȈȒȐȝ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ ȚȍȘȧȍȚ ȊșȧȒȐȑ șȔȣșȓ Ȑ ȊșȧȒțȦ ȓȖ-
ȋȐȟȍșȒțȦ șȊȧȏȤ șȗȍȠț ȘȈȏțȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȊȈș ȧ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȚȖȕ-
ȒȐȑ șȔȣșȓ Ȋ ȌȘȈȔȍ șȖȏȌȈȕȕȖȑ ȔȖȐȔ ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȣȔ ȊȖȖȉȘȈ-
ȎȍȕȐȍȔ ǵȐȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȕȍ șȔțȡȈȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȧ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ ȚȖȋȖ
ȗȖȥȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȧ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ ȕȈ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȐ «ȅșȜȐȘȐª ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ, ȟȚȖ ǨȔȈȕ
ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȍȚșȧ ȞȈȘȐȞȍ Ȋ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ǫȣ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȌȖȋȈȌȣȊȈȍȚȍșȤ
ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȠȓȖ Ȗ ȚȖȑ șȞȍȕȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǨȔȈȕ ȉȘȖșȈȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȕȖȋȈȔ
ȅșȜȐȘȐ țȔȖȓȧȧ ȍȍ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚȤ ȍȔț ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȧ ǭșȓȐ
ȉȣ Ȋșȍ ȌȘȈȔȣ șȓțȠȈȓȐșȤ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȖȕȐ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȊȣȐȋȘȈȓȐ ȉȣ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ — ȌȈȎȍ ȌȘȈȔȣ ǸȈșȐȕȈ

70
ǨȒȚȍȘȣ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ Ȕȕȍ șȖȊșȍȔ ȒȘȖȠȍȟȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȖȉȊȍȌȍȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȘȍȏȒȐȔȐ Ȑ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȣȔȐ ȒȖȕȚțȘȈȔȐ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȜȐȋțȘȈȔ
ǴȍȑșȖȕȤȍ ȇ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȧșȕȖ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȈȓ șȈȔȣȍ ȔȍȓȒȐȍ ȌȍȚȈ-
ȓȐ Ȑȝ ȒȖșȚȦȔȖȊ ȘȐșțȕȒȐ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȑ ȠȊȣ ȗțȋȖȊȐȞȣ Ȑ Ț Ȍ
ȕȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȓȐȕȐȦ ȗȈȘȐȒȈ ȉȍȓȐȓȈ Ȑ ȘțȔȧȕȈ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȐȏȖȡȘȍȕȐȧ
ȋȘȐȔȈ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȓȐȓȐȗțȚȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȒțȚȈȕȣ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȝȖȓȖȌ-
ȕȣȔ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȣȔ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȖȔ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȔ ȚȖȔț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȌȈȍȚ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȧșȕȖȍ șȚȍȒȓȖ ȔȈșȓȧȕȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȍ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȊȣȠȍȓ
ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȔȍșȚȐȓȐȡȈ ȓȍȌȧȕȖȋȖ ȔȘȈȒȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȕțȚ-
Șȍȕȕȧȧ ȜȈȕȚȈșȔȈȋȖȘȐȧ ȘȈșșȍȧȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȧ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȧ Ȑș-
ȗȣȚȣȊȈȓ ȚȈȒȖȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ Ȋȣ-
ȏȣȊȈȓȈ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȌȈȎȍ șȈȔȈȧ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȊȣȕțȎȌȍȕ-
ȕȈȧ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȤȦª
ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȍ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȧ Ȗȉ-
ȕȈȘțȎȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȈȧ țȚȖȕȟȍȕȕȖșȚȤ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȈȧ ȖșȚȘȖȚȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȟțȊșȚȊ ǶȉȖȕȧȕȐȍ ȏȘȍȕȐȍ șȓțȝ ȖșȧȏȈȕȐȍ
— ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȖȍ țȟȈșȚȐȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȖȌȢȍȔȍ ǫȓȈȏȈ șȖ-
ȏȍȘȞȈȦȚ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȍ ǻȝȖ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȈȍȚ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍțȓȖȊȐȔȣȍ
ȏȊțȒȐ șȘȍȌȐ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖȋȖ ȠțȔȈ ǰ ȚțȚ-ȚȖ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȚ
ȊȖȏȕȐȒȈȚȤ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȐ Ǫșȍ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȐȍ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȣ —
ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ — ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȚ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȑ
ȊȐȌ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȚȍȘȧȦȚ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȍ ȜȖȘȔȣ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȕȖ-
Ȋȣȍ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȚșȧ ȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȐȓȓȦȏȐȐ ȓȖȎȕȣȍ ȊȖșȗȘȐȧ-
ȚȐȧ ȚȘȈȕșȗȖȏȐȞȐȐ ȐȌȍȑ ǯȊțȒȐ ȖȉȓȍȒȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȒȘȈșȒȐ Ȋ ȒȘȈș-
ȒȈȝ șȓȣȠȐȚșȧ ȔțȏȣȒȈ Ǵȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȚțȚ ȕȍȚ ȕȐ-
ȟȍȋȖ șȊȍȘȝȢȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȊșȧȒȈȧ ȗȖȥȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȕȈȚțȘȈ
—Ȋ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȖȔ Ȑ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ — șȒȓȖȕȕȈ Ȓ ȚȈȒȐȔ
ȈȕȈȓȖȋȐȧȔ ǵȖ ȊȍȌȤ ȧ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȓ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧ-
ȕȐȐ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȦȡȍȔ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȍ ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ ȕȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ
șȊȍȘȝȢȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȑ Ȋșȧ șțȚȤ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȐ ȈȕȈȓȖ-
ȋȐȐ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȈȦȚ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕțȦ ȧȘȒȖșȚȤ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȈȦȚ
Ȋ ȕȈș ȖȊȓȈȌȍȊȈȦȚ ȕȈȔȐ ȗȖȘȈȉȖȡȈȦȚ țȔ șȊȖȐȔ ȌȍșȗȖȚȐȟȍ-
șȒȐȔ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȖȔ ǴțȏȣȒȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȕȖȚȣ șȚȈȕȖȊȧȚșȧ ȟȐșȓȈȔȐ
Ȑ ȍșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȖȌȈȘȍȕȣ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȔȈȚȍȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ șȗȖșȖȉ-
ȕȖșȚȧȔȐ ȚȖ ȔȍȓȖȌȐȧ Ȑ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȧ șȖȝȘȈȕȧȧ șȊȖȑ șȚȘȈșȚȕȣȑ
ȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ șȓȖȎȕțȦ ȔȈȚȍȔȈ-
ȚȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȦ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȟȐșȓȈ ȊȣȚȍȒȈȦȚ Ȑȏ ȟȐșȍȓ Ȑ
ȏȈ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȍȔ Ȑ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȋȣ șȓȍȌȐȚȍ ș țȌȐ-

71
ȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȓȍȋȒȖșȚȤȦ ȘȈȊȕȖȑ ȉȍȋȓȖșȚȐ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȚȍ-
ȓȧ ǹȓțȟȈȍȚșȧ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȟȚȖ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȤ ȐșȟȍȏȈȍȚ Ȑ ȖȉȢȍȒȚȐȊ-
ȕȖșȚȤ — ȐșȚȐȕȕȈȧ șțȡȕȖșȚȤ ȗȈȕȚȍȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ —ȘȈȏ-
ȊȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȈș ȌȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȕȍȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȟȚȖ șȖȏȍȘ-
ȞȈȕȐȍ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȖȊ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚȍ ȊȈș ȏȈȉȣȚȤ Ȗ
șȊȖȍȔ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȐ Ȑ Ȋȣ șȓȐȊȈȍȚȍșȤ ș ȕȐ-
ȔȐ ǪȈȠ ȋȓȈȏ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ șȚȘȖȑȕȖȔ ȌȍȘȍȊȍ ȘȈșȒȈȟȐ-
ȊȈȦȡȍȔșȧ ȖȚ ȊȍȚȘȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȣȏȊȈ-
ȓȖ ȉȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȔȖȏȋț ȗȖȥȚȈ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ Ȍȓȧ ȊȈș
ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖșȚȤȦ Ǫȣ ȗȍȘȍȕȖșȐȚȍ ȕȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȖ ȊȈȠȐ șȚȘȈșȚȐ ȊȈȠȐ
ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ȐȓȐ ȊȈȠț ȚȖșȒț ȍȋȖ șȚȖȕȣ Ȑ ȘȈșȒȈȟȐȊȈȕȐȧ șȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȧȚșȧ ȊȈȠȐȔȐ Ȑ ȊșȒȖȘȍ Ȋȣ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȍȚȍșȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȖ
ǺȖȟȕȖ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȗȚȐȞȈ ȗȈȘȧȡȈȧ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȐȕȍ ȓȈȏțȘȐ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ
ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȖȓȐȞȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ
ȗȈȘȐȚȤ ȕȈȌ ȊșȍȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȔ ȕȖ ȍȡȍ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ — Ȑ Ȋȣ ȗȘȍ-
ȊȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȥȚț ȗȚȐȞț ǪȖȚ Ȋȣ șȐȌȐȚȍ Ȑ ȒțȘȐȚȍ ǪȈȠȍ ȊȕȐ-
ȔȈȕȐȍ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈ șȐȕȍȊȈȚȣȝ ȖȉȓȈȒȈȝ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȦȡȐȝ-
șȧ Ȑȏ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȚȘțȉȒȐ ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȗȉ ȐșȗȈȘȍȕȐȐ — ȔȍȌ-
ȓȍȕȕȖȔ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖȔ ȊȍȟȕȖȔ — ȖȊȓȈȌȍȍȚ ȊȈȠȐȔ țȔȖȔ Ȑ
Ȋȣ șȊȧȎȍȚȍ ȍȋȖ ș ȊȈȠȐȔȐ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȔȣșȓȧȔȐ ș ȊȈȠȍȑ
Ȕȣșȓȧȡȍȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȍȑ ǰ ȊȖȚ Ȋ șȐȓț ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȗȍȘȍ-
șȚȈȕȖȊȒȐ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȡȍȕȐȧ ȐȓȐ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȍȒȚțȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ
qui pro quo Ȋȣ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȐșȗȈȘȧȍȚȍșȤ Ȑ
Ȋȣ ȗȘȐȗȐȠȍȚȍ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȚȘțȉȒȍ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȋȣ ȖȡțȡȈȍȚȍ șȍȉȧ
șȎȈȚȣȔ Ȑ șȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȒȈȒ ȚȈȉȈȒ
 — ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ șȗȖșȖȉ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȒțȘȐȚȤ ȊȈș.
Dz șȟȈșȚȤȦ ȥȚȈ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȈȧ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ
ȌȓȐȚșȧ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȍȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȗȘȖȔȍȎțȚȖȒ ȧșȕȖȋȖ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȌȈȓ
ȊȈȔ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȐ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȖȔ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȐ ȊȖȓȐ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
ȕțȚȤ ȕȈ ȟȈșȣ ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȗȖȘȣȊ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ țȕȖșȐȚ ȊȈș Ȗȕ
ȏȈȒȘțȚȐȚ ȊȈș ȍȡȍ ȔȐȕțȚț Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖȔ ȊȐȝȘȍ Ȑ ȥȚȈ ȕȖ-
ȊȈȧ ȔȐȕțȚȈ — ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȊȍȟȕȖșȚȤȦ ǰȉȖ șȖȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ
ȔȍȎȌț ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ Ȑ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȤȦ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȈȘțȠȍȕȖ ȉȓȈ-
ȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊț Ȑ ȐȕȚȍȕșȐȊȕȖșȚȐ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȑ Ȑ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ
ǴȖȎȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȟȈșȈ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȍȚșȧ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ ȎȐȏȕȍȑ ǵȍ țȗȖȌȖȉȓȧȍȚȍșȤ ȓȐ Ȋȣ
ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔț ȘȖȔȈȕț — ȕȍ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȖȔț Ȉ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȓȍȕ-

72
ȕȖȔț Ȋ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ" ǵȍȚ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȋȖ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ȔȍȎȌț
ȖȘȋȈȕȈȔȐ ȟțȊșȚȊ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȍȔȣȔȐ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȥȚȖ
ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ șȓțȎȐȚ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ
ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ ȊȘȍȌȈ ȥȚȐȝ ȖȗȈșȕȣȝ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚȖȊ ȗȘȐ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȐșȟȍȏȈȍȚ șȊȖȉȖȌȈ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ Ȗ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȧȝ ȕȍ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȚȤ
ȥȚȖ șȓȖȊȖ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȔ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȐ ǶȟȍȕȤ șțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ
ȖȚȚȍȕȖȒ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȍȚ ȟȐșȚțȦ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȦ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȗȘȐȝȖ-
ȌȐȚșȧ ȚȈȒ ȟȈșȚȖ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ ȊȘȈȟȈȔ ȖȚ ȚȖȑ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȐ
— ȊȍȘȕȍȍ ȖȉȔȈȕȈ ȟțȊșȚȊ — ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȐ ȖȚ-
ȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ Ǫ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȧ ȗȖȧȊ-
ȓȧȍȚșȧ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ Ȑ ȜȈȚȈȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȍȚșȧ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȍȕȕȖ-
șȚȤȦ ȗȘȐȚȖȔ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ Ȓ ȖȒȘț-
ȎȈȦȡȐȔ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȈȔ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ șȊȧȏȐ ș ȕȐȔȐ ǩȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȊȐȌȐȚ
ȖȉȘȈȏȣ șȓȣȠȐȚ ȏȊțȒȐ ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ Ȑȝ ȕȍȚ ǪȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ
ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȧ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ
ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȌȖșȚȐȋȈȍȚ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ ȊȖ-
ȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ǷȘȐȚȖȔ ȖȕȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȔȖȚȐȊȐȘȖȊȈȕȈ. ǴțȏȣȒȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȑ ȏȊțȒ ȉțȌȍȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȚȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȣȍ
ȊȍȡȐ ȕȖ șȈȔ ȏȊțȒ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ Ȋ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ
ǷȤȧȕȣȑ ȋȓȈȏ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȗȘȐȕȧȊȠȍȋȖ ȋȈȠȐȠ țȊȐȌȐȚ șȚȘȈȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȊȍȡȐ ȕȖ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ, ȟȍȔ ȖȕȐ șȌȍȓȈȓȐșȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȟț-
ȌȖȊȐȡȕȣȔȐ Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȥȚȐ ȊȍȡȐ ȗȘȖșȚȣȔȐ Ȑ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ ǹȐȓȈ Ȑ ȒȈȎțȡȈȧșȧ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȐ ȗȘȐ
ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȐ ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȐȚ ȥȚȖȔț Ȗș-
ȕȖȊȕȖȔț ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȦ ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȗȖȟȊȍ ȖȒȘț-
ȎȈȦȡȍȑ șȘȍȌȣ Ȑ ȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȍȘȊȈȧ ȕȍȏȈȊȐșȐȔȈ ȖȚ
ȕȐȝǬȓȧ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȓȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȑ ȒȐȗțȟȍȑ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȍ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȥȚȖȔ șȖȏȘȍȊȈȕȐȐ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȐ ȥȚȖȔ
ȕȍțșȚȈȕȕȖȔ ȗȖȥȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȍ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕ
ȔȖȏȋ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ ȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȎț ȍȡȍ ȖȌȐȕ șȓțȟȈȑ
ǺțȚ Ȕȣ ȐȔȍȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ ȕȍ ș ȗȘȈȏȌȕȣȔ ȦȕȖȠȍȑ Ȑ ȕȍ ș ȓȐȚȍȘȈ-
ȚȖȘȖȔ ȥȚȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȕȍȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȓȦ-
ȉȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȊȖȏȉțȌȐȔȖȑ țșȚțȗȐȊ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȦ ȗȖȏȕȈ-
ȒȖȔȐȚȤșȧ ș ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍȔ ȧȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȍȚ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȍ
ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȝ șȊȖȐȝ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȑ ȇ ȊȣȗȐșȣȊȈȦ ȍȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ
ȌȖșȓȖȊȕȖ

73
©DzȈȒ ȕȐ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣ ȒȈȒ ȕȐ ȕȖȊȣ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȧ Ȑșȗȣ-
ȚȈȕȕȣȍ ȔȕȖȦ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȉȍȏțȔȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȌȓȐȓȖșȤ
ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȟȈșȖȊ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȐȓȐ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ" ȥȚȖȋȖ ȧ, șȖȉ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖ, ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ
 — ȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȕțșȤ Ȓ ȕȐȔ
ǬțȝȖȊȕȖȍ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȍ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ șȐȓȤȕȖ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȤ șȓȍȌțȦ-
ȡȈȧ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȊȍȓȐȒȈ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȧ ȕȈ-
ȝȖȎț Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȘȍȉȧȟȍșȚȊȍ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȖȋȖ ǵȖ ȧ țșȚțȗȐȓȈ
ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊț Ȑ ȗȘȐȚȖȔ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȍȏțȔȐȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖȍ
șȖȖȉȡȈ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ șȚȈȘȣȝ ȌȘțȏȍȑ șȘȍȌȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȧ ȕȍ ȉȖȧȓȈșȤ
ȕȍȔȕȖȎȒȖ țȕȐȏȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚȊȍ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ
Ȋȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȑ ȋȈȠȐȠ — ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȒȖ-
ȊȈȘȕȖȍ ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȖ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȊȈȔ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ țȎȍ ȖșȊȖȉȖ-
ȌȐȓȐșȤ ȖȚ ȧȌȈ ȕȖ ȥȚȖ șȈȔȖȖȉȔȈȕ ǷȍȘȐȖȌȣ țșȗȖȒȖȍȕȐȧ ȟȍ-
ȘȍȌțȦȚșȧ ș ȗȍȘȐȖȌȈȔȐ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȖȊ ǰ ȊȖȚ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȌȍșȧȚȐ ȟȈ-
șȖȊ ȊȍȟȍȘȈ ȧ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȖȊ ȗȘȖș-
ȊȍȚȓȍȕȐȧ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȑȏ-
ȉȣȚȒȈ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȕȈșȓȈȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȑ ȕȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȕțȠȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȖ Ȑ
șȚȘȈȝ ȇ ș țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ șȍȓȈ țȎȐȕȈȚȤ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ șȍȉȧ Ȑȏ-
ȕțȘȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȖȓȋȖȋȖ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ȌȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȧ Ȑȏ Ȗș-
ȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȊȖȏȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȗȐȡȐ ǵȖ ȍȡȍ ȌȖ ȖȒȖȕȟȈ-
ȕȐȧ țȎȐȕȈ ȉȍȏțȔȐȍ șȕȖȊȈ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȒȈȒ ȒȖȠȒȈ Ȕȣ-
ȠȤȦ Ȑ ȧȌ șȕȖȊȈ șȚȈȓ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ ȔȖȐȔ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȔ ȔȖȏȋȖȔ ǽȖȚȧ
ȌȖȔ ȔȖȑ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ ȕȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ȏȈȔȒȈ ȔȖȐȝ ȌȘțȏȍȑ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȒȖ-
ȓȧșȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȓ ȔȖȐȔ țșȓțȋȈȔ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȚȈȒțȦ ȊȓȈșȚȕțȦ
ȗȖȚȘȍȉȕȖșȚȤ ȖȚȌȈȚȤșȧ ȋȘȍȏȈȔ ȖȚȌȈȚȤșȧ ȥȚȖȔț ȕȍțȌȍȘȎȐȔȖ-
Ȕț ȉȍȏțȔȐȦ ȟȚȖ ș ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȈ Ȑȝ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȕȖȟȍȊȈȚȤ ț ȕȐȝ Ǫȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȥȚȖȚ ȏȈȔȖȒ Ȋȣ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋ
ȕȍȔ ȖȚȘȍȔȖȕȚȐȘȖȊȈȕȣ Ȑ ȏȈȕȖȊȖ ȖȚȌȍȓȈȕȣ Ȋ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȔ
șȚȐȓȍ Țȍ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȎȐȊțȚ ȊȓȈȌȍȓȤȞȣ ȕȖ ȕȍȖ-
ȉȐȚȈȍȔȈȧ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȈ ȏȈȔȒȈ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȚȘȖȕțȚȖȑ,
șȖ Ȋșȍȑ șȊȖȍȑ ȊȍȚȝȖȑ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȖȑ Ȋ șȚȈȘȐȕȕȖȔ șȚȐȓȍ Ǵȕȍ
ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓȐ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ șȗȈȓȤȕȦ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ
ȏȈȔȒȈ Ȑ ȊȣȉȖȘ ȔȖȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȖȑ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚȒȍ ȊȘȖȌȍ ȉțȌțȈȘȈ — ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȉȓȍȒȠȍȋȖ Ȑ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ
ȕȖ ȚȍȔ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȇ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȦșȤ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȖȗȐșȈȚȤ ȊȈȔ ȥȚț ȒȖȔȕȈȚț — Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ, ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋȣ
ȔȖȋȓȐ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ Țȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȐ ȚȈȔ

74
ȔȕȖȦ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊșȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȍȊȠțȦ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ș ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ
ǩțȌțȈȘ ȥȚȖȚ — ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ țȏȒȐȑ ǷȖȚȖȓȖȒ ȕȈȟȐ-
ȕȈȧ ȖȚ ȒȈȘȕȐȏȈ ȏȈȒȘțȋȓȧȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ șȊȖȌȈ șȚȍȕȣ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣ
ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔȐ țȏȒȐȔȐ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȈȔȐ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȐȔȐ — ȗȈȕȕȖ ȗȍȑȏȈ-
ȎȐ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖȔ șȚȐȓȍ ȌȍȒȖȘȈȞȐȑ ǵȈ ȊȣșȖȚȍ
ȒȈȘȕȐȏȈ ȕȈ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ șȚȍȕȈȝ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȣ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȈȓȓȍȋȖ-
ȘȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȜȐȋțȘȣ — ȖȌȕȐ Ȋ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȝ ȗȖȏȈȝ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȕȈ ȉȍ-
ȋț ȐȓȐ Ȋ ȗȖȓȍȚȍ ǵȈȌ ȕȐȔȐ — ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȧȘȒȐȝ ȗȚȐȞ Ȑ ȞȊȍ-
Țȣ ǷȖȏȈȌȐ ȜȐȋțȘ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȈ ȘȍȠȍȚȒȈ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȦȡȈȧșȧ Ȑ
ȖȒȘțȋȓȧȦȡȈȧșȧ ȗȖ șȊȖȌț ȗȖȚȖȓȒȈ ǹȈȔ ȗȖȚȖȓȖȒ ȗȖȏȖȓȖȟȍȕ
ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȖȔȍȎțȚȒȐ ȔȍȎȌț ȉȈȋȍȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȜȐȋțȘȈ-
ȔȐ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ Ȉ Ȋ ȞȍȕȚȘȍ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȈ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ ȗȘȖȘȍȏȣ-
ȊȈȍȚșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚȖȔ ȔȕȐȔȖȑ ȘȍȠȍȚȒȐ DzȈȒ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ
ȥȚȖ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȚ ȕȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉȖȋȈȚțȦ ȒȓȍȚȒț ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕțȦ ȒȓȍȚȒț
Ȍȓȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȚȐȞȣ ǷȘȐȉȈȊȓȦ ȍȡȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȖȟȤ
ȉȣȓȈ ȟțȌȍșȕȈȧ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȈȧ Ȑ ȧșȕȈȧ Ȉ ȓțȕȈ șȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȚȈȒ ȧȘ-
ȒȖ ȟȚȖ, ȗȖȚțȠȐȊ șȊȍȟț ȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȧșȕȖ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȊșȦ ȥȚț ȌȍȒȖ-
ȘȈȞȐȦ Ȑ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐ șȊȍȚȍ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȒȈȒ Ȋȣ
ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣ ȗȖȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȉ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȑ ȌȐȊȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ ȉȓȍșȒ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȒȖȓȤȏȐȓ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȑ ȕȍȎȕȖȑ ȚȒȈȕȐ Ȑȏ ȏȖȓȖȚȈ ȏȍȘȒȈȓ
Ȑ ȗȍșȚȘȣȝ ȒȘȈșȖȒ.
ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ, ȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ țȌȐȊȓȍȕȈ țȊȐȌȍȊ ȊȖȒȘțȋ
șȍȉȧ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ ȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȟȐșȚȣȍ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȍ
ȘȍȒȐ Ȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȍ ȓȈȕȌȠȈȜȚȣ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȦȡȍȍșȧ Ȋ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȑ
ȊȖȌȍ Ǫȣ ȌȖȋȈȌȣȊȈȍȚȍșȤ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȐȋȘȈ ȒȈȘ-
ȚȐȕ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȈȔȐ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȧ țȊȐ-
ȌȍȓȈ ȏȈȝȖȌȧȡȍȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȖȕȖ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȖ ȖșȚȣȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȘȈș-
ȗȓȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȍȚȈȓȓ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȈ ȕȖ ȘȍȠȍȚȒȈ
ȊȣȏȣȊȈȓȈ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȉțȌȚȖ ȧ ȕȈȝȖȎțșȤ Ȋ
ȒȓȍȚȒȍ ȐȓȐ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȔ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ ș ȊȐȌȖȔ ȕȈ
ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȍ ȘȈȊȕȐȕȣ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚȌȍȓȧȦȚ ȓȐȠȤ
ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȍ șȍȚȟȈȚȣȍ șȚȍȕȣ ȔȖȍȑ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȖȑ ȚȦȘȤȔȣ
ǪȕȈȟȈȓe ȧ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌ ȥȚȖȑ ȐȓȓȦȏȐȍȑ ȕȖ ȟȍȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ
ȧ ȊșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ țșȐȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȟȈȘȣ ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȤ-
Ƞȍ ȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȧșȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȕȈȊȧȏȟȐȊȖȑ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȐȖȉ-
ȘȍȚȈȓȖ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȐȌȍȧ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ȏȈȕȧȓȈ ȞȍȕȚȘȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ țȔȍ ȝȖȚȧ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ

76
ȥȚȖ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȔȍȠȈȓȖ ȚȍȔ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȔ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍ-
ȕȐȧȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖȒȘțȋ Ȕȍȕȧ
Ȑ ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ǵȕȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȈ ȕȈȌȖȓ-
ȋȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȕȈ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕȣ ȓȍȚ Ȋ ȥȚț ȘȖșȒȖȠȕțȦ ȒȓȍȚ-
Ȓț ȗȖșȘȍȌȐ ȥȚȐȝ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȣȝ ȓȈȕȌȠȈȜȚȖȊ ȥȚȖȑ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȗȈȕȖȘȈȔȣ ȇ ȌțȔȈȓȈ Ȗ ǹȗȧȡȍȑ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞȍ Ȗȉ ȐșȒțȗȓȍ-
ȕȐȐ Ȑ ȉțȌțȡȍȔ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ ǵȈȌ ȔȖȍȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȓȍȚȈȓȐ
ȧȘȒȐȍ ȚȘȖȗȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗȚȐȞȣ Ȑ, ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȌȖ-
ȕȖșȐȓșȧ ȏȊȖȕ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓȤȟȐȒȖȊ ȗȖȌȊȍȠȍȕȕȣȝ Ȓ ȓȖȠȈȌȧȔ ȚȖ
ȥȚȐ ȌȊȈ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ șȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȧ ȗȘȐȗȐșȣȊȈȓȈ
ȗȚȐȞȈȔ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȍȕȐȍ ȔȍȌȐ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ț
ȥȚȐȝ ȗȚȐȞ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȖȕȐ ȉȍșȍȌȖȊȈ-
ȓȐ ȖȉȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȓȈȊȓȧȓȐ ȔȖȍ ȗȓȍȕȍȕȐȍ DzȘȐȊȓȧȦȡȐȍșȧ
ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȣ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȣȍ șȈȚȐȘȣ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȚȍȠȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈȌ
ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȍȘȚȖȑ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȞȍȑ ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȈ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖșȚȤ
ǵȖ Ȋșȍ ȔȐȜȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȈ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ș ȟȈ-
ȘțȦȡȍȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ țȔȖȓȧȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȍȘȗȍȓȐȊȖ ȕȍșȚȐ
șȊȖȦ șțȌȤȉț Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȐȡȈ
ȔȖȍȋȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈ ǰ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȧ ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕȈ ȕȍșȚȐ ȥȚȖ
ȕȈȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȏȈ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȚȈȘȣȍ ȏȈȉȓțȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȏȈ ȒȈȒȐȍ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȕȕȍ șȈȔȖȑ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ ȋȘȍȝȐ ȚȖ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȕȈ-
ȌȍȍȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȊȣșȠȍȍ ȔȐȓȖșȍȘȌȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȖșțȌȐȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȈ
ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖșȚȤ ȕȖ ȏȈȚȖ oȉȍȡȈȍȚ Ȕȕȍ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȟȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȟȍȔ Țȍ ȘȍȉȧȟȍșȒȐȍ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȧ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ ȏȈȗȖȓȕȧȦȚ ȕȈȠȐ Ȧȕȣȍ ȋȖȌȣ Ǫȣ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȋȘȍȏȣ ȔȖȐ
ȕȍ ȓȐȠȍȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȑ ȕȖ ȧ ȌȖȓȎ-
ȕȈ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ Ȕȕȍ
ȥȚȐ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȖȉȘȈȏȣ Ȑ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȍ ȒȘȈșȒȐ Ȑ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ
ȟȚȖ ȧ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦ ȞȍȕȚȘ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȌȘȈȔȣ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ
ȗȘȍȘȣȊȈȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȔȣșȓȐ ȅȚȖ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȌȓȐȓȖșȤ ȌȖȓȋȖ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȖȓȋȖ ǬȓȐȓȖșȤ ȓȐ ȖȕȖ ȌȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ țȚȘȈ" ǵȈ ȥȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ
ȔȖȋț ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ ȇ țȊȐȌȍȓȈ țȚȘȍȕȕȍȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ șȍ-
ȉȧ Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ țȌȐȊȐȓȈșȤ ȥȚȖȔț ȕȖ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ țșȐȓȐȧ
ȔȖȍȑ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ șȗȈȓȈ ȓȐ ȧ ȐȓȐ
ȗȘȖȊȍȓȈ ȌȐȊȕțȦ ȉȍșșȖȕȕțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȋȓțȉȖ-
ȒȈȧ ȕȖȟȤ Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ — ȌȍȕȤ! Ǩ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, ȧ ȗȘȖȎȐȓȈ ȌȖȓȋțȦ
Ȗ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȖȓȋțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȐȓȐ,
ȊȍȘȕȍȍ, ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ ȧ ȐȏȔȍȘȧȓȈ ȥȚț ȕȖȟȤ

77
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖȔ ȗȘȖȕȖșȐȊȠȐȝșȧ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȔȖȏȋț Ȕȣșȓȍȑ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȝȖȚȧ ș ȥȚȖȑ ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ
ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȌȖȓȋȖȑ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȌȓȐȓȈșȤ
ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ ȐȓȐ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ
ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓȈ ȔȍșȚȈ Ȋ ǪȍȟȕȖșȚȐ
ȇ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȦ ȊȈȔ Ȗ ȔȖȍȑ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȐ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȍȏ-
ȔȍȘȕȈ ǫȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȟȚȖ ȥȒșȚȈȏ ȗȖȥȚȖȊ Ȑ ȚȊȖȘȞȖȊ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ ȚȖ
șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȧ ȐșȗȣȚȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ
ȟȚȖ Țȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȐȏȊȈȕȣ ȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȚȤ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȌȖȓȎ-
ȕȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȌȈȘȍȕȣ ȕȍȊȖȏȔțȚȐȔȖ-șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȔ ȚȍȔȗȍȘȈȔȍȕ-
ȚȖȔ ȕȖ ȍșȓȐ ȥȒșȚȈȏ ȗȖȥȚȖȊ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȚ ȕȈ Țȍ ȕȈ-
șȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȟȈȑȕȈȧ ȓȖȎȒȈ ȊȈȘȍȕȤȧ
ȚȖ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȉȍȌȕȣȍ ȗȖȥȚȣ ȘȈșȗȓȈȟȐȊȈȦȚșȧ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȌȖ-
ȘȖȋȖȦ ȞȍȕȖȑ ȏȈ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȧ ȗțȉȓȐȒȐ ǰ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȉȓȈ-
ȋȖȗȖȓțȟȐȧ ȗȘȖȏȈȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȖ ȔȕȖȦ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ șȍȉȧ ȌȖȔȈ Ț ȍ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȌțȝȖȊ-
ȕȖȔȤ ȔȐȘȍ — Ȋ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐª
ǪȖȚ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏțȔȕȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ Ȑ Ȕȣ
ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏțȍȔșȧ ȐȔ ȐȏȊȓȍȒȈȧ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȓȍȏȕȣȍ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ,
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȖȗȖȓȕȧȚ ȥȚȖ ȒȘȈȚȒȖȍ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ȖșȕȖȊȕȣȝ Ȗȡțȡȍ-
ȕȐȑ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȝ ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ
ǶȕȈ țȗȖȔȧȕțȓȈ Ȗȉ țȎȐȕȍ ȒȈȒ Ȗȉ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ
ȧȊȐȓȖșȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȒșȚȈȚȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȖȧșȕȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȏȈȊ-
Ƞȍȍșȧ ȍȑ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ
 ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓȖ ȍȑ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȌȍȑșȚ-
ȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȇ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ țȎȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȐ ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ ȉȣ-
ȊȈȦȚ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȣ ȗȘȖȧșȕȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȖȉȔȈȕȟȐȊȖȋȖ ȏȈȚȐȠȤȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȟȈșȚȖ ȋȈȠȐȠ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȚȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȌȈ Ȑ ȗȖȟȚȐ
ȊșȍȋȌȈ — ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕțȦ ȎȈȎȌț ǵȖ ȖȉȍȌ ȐȓȐ țȎȐȕ ȕȍ
ȗȘȐȊȖȌȧȚ Ȓ țșȗȖȒȖȍȕȐȦ Ȉ ȕȈȖȉȖȘȖȚ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȗȘȐ-
șȚțȗ — ȚȖ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȍȚ ȘȈș-
șȒȈȏȟȐȞȈ — șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȦȡȍȍșȧ ȞȍȓȣȔ ȘȧȌȖȔ
ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȣȝ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȑ Țȍȝ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȖȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȝ țȎȈșȖȔ ȊȐȌȍ-
ȕȐȑ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȖȕȈ ȊȣȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȚȈȒțȦ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕțȦ
ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖșȚȤ ǯȈȔȍȟț ȍȡȍ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȚȐȘȈ-
ȕȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ȋȖȓȖȌȈ Ȑ ȎȈȎȌȣ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȕȣ țȗȖȔȧ-
ȕțȓȐ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȏȈȚȘȈȟȐȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȣȍ țșȐȓȐȧ ȐȉȖ ȖȚ-
ȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚ șȍȉȧ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȣȠȍ ȔȈȚȍ-
ȘȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȊ ȐȓȐ, ȊȍȘȕȍȍ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȘȈȉȖȡȍȕ ȖȗȤȧȕȍ-

78
ȕȐȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț ȕțȎȕȖ ȕȍ ȔȈȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ șȖȉȐȘȈȚȤșȧ ș șȐȓȈȔȐ
Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȏȧȚȤ Ȋ ȘțȒȐ ȉțȚȣȓȒț ȐȓȐ ȊȐȓȒț
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȗȘȐșȚțȗ ȊȣȏȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȖȔ ȗȐȡȍȊȈȘȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȉțȘȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȍ ș ȕȐȔ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ țȎȍ ȉȖȘȖȚȤșȧ Ȓ șȟȈșȚȤȦ ȥȚȈ ȜȈȏȈ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȧ ȕȍȗȘȖȌȖȓ-
ȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȈ ȖȕȈ șȔȍȕȧȍȚșȧ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȜȈȏȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ Ȋ ȗȘȐȊȍȌȍȕ-
ȕȖȔ ȔȕȖȦ șȓțȟȈȑ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȓȈșȤ ȟțȌȍșȕȣȔȐ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȧȔȐ
ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȊȠȐȔȐ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȚȘȈȝ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȍ
țȔȐȘȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ ȅȚȖ ȕȖȊȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ǪȖș-
ȚȖȒȍ șȓȖȊȖȔ ȒȍȑȜ Ǫ ȕȍȔ ȕȍȚ țȎȍ ȉțȘȕȣȝ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȒȘțȎȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȖȘȣȊȖȊ ȥȚȖ ȉȓȈȎȍȕșȚȊȖ ȗȖȒȖȧ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖșȚȐ
ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖșȚȤ Ǫȣ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȖȚȍ-
ȘȧȓȐ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ȕȈȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȍȟȈȓȐȚ ȊȈș ǹȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȍ Ȑ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȗȖȘȖȦ ȖȕȐ Ȋșȍ-
ȚȈȒȐ ȊșȗȓȣȊȈȦȚ ȚȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȕȣȍ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȧ
ȋȖșȗȖȌșȚȊțȦȡȍȔț ȟțȊșȚȊț Ȑ șȚȖȓȤ Ȏȍ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȍ ȖȚ șȊȖȍȑ Ȗȉȣȟ-
ȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȣ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȥȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȋȘțșȚȤ — ȖȚ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ șȚȘȈ-
ȌȈȕȐȧ
ǵȖ ȖȚȔȍȚȐȔ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȍ ȥȚȖȑ ȌȈȔȣ Ȕȣ
ȐȔȍȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ ș ȗșȍȊȌȖ-ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȍȑ — ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȍȑ Ȗȉț-
șȓȖȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȍȑ șȘȍȌȖȑ ȔȣșȓȤ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖȔ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȍȍ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡ-
ȕȣȝ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈȝ ǯȈȚȍȔ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȍȚ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȧ ȕȈȏȊȈȓ
ȉȣ ȔȖȘȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȍȑ șțȉȢȍȒȚ ȌțȔȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌ-
ȊȍȘȋȈȍȚșȧ ȐșȒțȗȓȍȕȐȦ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȎȍȕșȒȖȔț ȚȍȔȗȍȘȈȔȍȕȚț,
ȕȍ șȒȓȖȕȕȖȔț Ȓ ȈȕȈȓȐȏț, ȘȈșșȒȈȏȟȐȞȈ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȈ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ
ȕȈ ȖȗȚȐȔȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ ȗȘȐȊȍȌȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȣȠȍ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐ-
ȕȈȞȐȐ ǩȓȈȋȖșȒȓȖȕȕȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȉȖȋȖȊ ǶȓȐȔȗȈ ȖȗȖȥȚȐȏȐȘȖ-
ȊȈȕ ȟȐșȚȖ ȋȈȠȐȠȐșȚșȒȖȑ ȌȣȔȒȖȑ ȇ ȕȍ șȒȈȎț ȟȚȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ-
ȟȐȞȈ ȔȐȕȖȊȈȓȈ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ țȋȘȣȏȍȕȐȑ șȖȊȍșȚȐ ȕȖ
ȔȣșȓȐ ȍȍ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȖȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȋȘțșȚȤȦ Ȑ șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȍȔ, ȉȣ-
șȚȘȖ ȖȒȘȈșȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȖȑ ǻ ȕȈș ȍȡȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ
ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȍ
ǶȕȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗȉ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȐ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȤ ȥȚȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȍȓȐȒȈ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚșȧ ȕȍ
șȘȈȏț Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȍȚȍ ȍȍ Ȋȣ ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȍȚȍ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ
ȊșȍȋȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋȣ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȉȍȌȐȓȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȖȊȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ
ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȖȔ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȋȣ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȍȚȍ

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VI. ȅdzǹǼǰdzǸ — ǯǼDZ
ǷȖȘȈ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȎȖȕȋȓȍȘșȚȊȖ ȥȚȐ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ ,
șȖȏȌȈȕȕȣȍ ȘȍȉȧȟȍșȒȐȔ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ǵȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȐȚ ȓȐ ȕȈȔ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȊȈȎȕȖȔ Ȗȉ ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȐȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ
ȟțȊșȚȊ, — șȓȖȊȖȔ, Ȗ ȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȊȖȏȌȍȑșȚȊȐȐ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ"
ǬȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȧ ȕȈȉȘȖșȈȓ ȓȐȠȤ ȖȉȡțȦ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț ȖȗȤȧȕȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȧ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȓșȧ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȍȔ ȖșȕȖȊȕȣȝ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȍȑ ȍȋȖ
ȋȓȈȊȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ — ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ǵȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȦ
ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȍȍ Ȍȓȧ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ — ȚȈȒ ȥȚȖ
ȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȓȍȕȐȍ ș ȊȖȏȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍȔ ȧȌȈ ȕȈ ȌțȝȖȊȕțȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ț ȍ țșȐȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȐȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ ȘȈȏȘȈșȚȈȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ Ȗȉȣȟ-
ȕȣȝ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȑ Ȑ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȝ ȊȖșȗȘȐȧȚȐȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦ-
ȡȐȝ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȈȚȔȖșȜȍȘȍ ȕȈș-
ȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȜȍȕȖȔȍȕ ȗȘȍȓȖȔȓȍȕȐȧ
ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȌȖȓȋȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȘȍȌȈ-
ȊȈȓșȧ ȖȗȐȦ ȐȓȐ ȋȈȠȐȠț Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȘȐ ȊșȍȔ ȖșȓȈȉȓȍȕȐȐ
ȖȉțșȓȖȊȓȍȕȕȖȔ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȖȑ Ȓ Ȑȝ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȦ ȕȈȠȍȓ Ȋ șȍ-
ȉȍ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȕȐȝ ȒȈȎȍȚ-
șȧ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȔ ȕȈ țȏȕȐȒȈ țȉȍȎȈȊȠȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȚȦȘȤȔȣ Ƕȕ Ȋȕț-
ȠȈȍȚ Ȕȕȍ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ țȊȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȟȍȔ ȐȕȖȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȈȏțȔ-
ȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȍ ȐȏȊȍȌȈȊȠȐȑ ȗȈȌȍȕȤȧ șȚȈȘȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȐȏȉȍȋȈȊ-
ȠȐȑ ȊșȧȒȐȝ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȖȊ ǨȕȋȓȐȟȈȕȍ ȟȈșȚȖ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȖȗȐȖȔ-
ȈȕȖȊ ȐȔȍȕȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖȒȈȎțȚșȧ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ șȐȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȣȔ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔ ș țȎȈșȈȔȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȧ en-
chained, fettered, enslaved!* Ǫ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȍ
ȞȍȗȐ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ Ȋșȍ ȌȘțȋȐȍ — ȞȍȗȐ ȌȖȓȋȈ ȞȍȗȐ ȕȍ-
ȏȈȒȖȕȕȖȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ — ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȖȑ ȚȒȈ-
ȕȤȦ ȕȐȚȧȔȐ ȗȈțȚȐȕȣ ǻȎȈșȕȣȑ ȉȘȈȒ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ș șȈȔȐȔ șȖ-
ȉȖȑ ©ȇ șȌȍȓȈȓșȧ ȘȈȉȖȔ ȖȗȐȧ Ȗȕ ȕȈȓȖȎȐȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȊȖȐ
ȖȒȖȊȣ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȐ ȗȓȈȕȣ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐ ȖȒȘȈșȒț
ȔȖȐȝ șȓȖȊª — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ șțȗȘțȋ dzȐȋȍȑȐ — Ȑ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȘțȋȐȝ
* Ɂɚɤɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɰɟɩɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɪɭɤɚɦ ɢ ɧɨɝɚɦ ɩɨɪɚɛɨɳɟɧɧɵɟ
(ɚɧɝɥ.). – ɉɪɢɦ ɪɟɞ

81
ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȑ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȝ Ȑ ȏȈȊȓȍȒȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȟțȌȍș
ȖȗȐȧ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȔ Ȕȣ ț ȅȌȋȈȘȈ ǷȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍșȘȈȊȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȥȚȈ
ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍȖȗȘȖȊȍȘȋȕțȚȖȋȖ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚ-
șȧ șșȣȓȈȚȤșȧ ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȚȘȈȋȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȊȖȗȘȖș Ȗ ȚȈȐȕ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȧȝ ȌțȝȈ dzȦȉȖȊȕȐȒ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȖȑ ǩȍȘȍȕȐșȣ
ȅȋȍȑ-ȔȍȚȈȜȐȏȐȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗȉ ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȐȐ șȊȖȐȝ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖ-
șȚȍȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț șȈȔȣȍ ȗȘȖșȚȣȍ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȓțȟȈȦȚ
Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖȍ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ©ǸȈȏȔȣȠ-
ȓȧȚȤ ȗȖ ȞȍȓȣȔ ȟȈșȈȔ țșȚȘȍȔȐȊ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȕȈ
ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȍȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȐȏȘȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȧȝ ȐȓȐ Ȋ
ȚȍȒșȚȍ ȒȕȐȋȐ — Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȌȖȓȋȖȋȖ ȓȍȚȕȍȋȖ
Ȍȕȧ țȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȋ șȖȏȍȘȞȈȕȐȍ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȖȑ ȚȍȕȐ ȒȖșȖ
ȗȈȌȈȦȡȍȑ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȣ ȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȖȓ — ȞȍȓțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ
ȏȈ ȘȖȊȕȣȔ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȍȔ ȓȈȔȗȣ ȐȓȐ ȏȈ țȋȖȓȤȧȔȐ ȒȈȔȐȕȈ —ȋȘȍ-
ȏȐȚȤ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȌȕȐ Ȗ ȏȈȗȈȝȍ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȞȊȍȚȒȈ — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȚȤ
ȔȖȕȖȚȖȕȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ
ȗȖȒȈ ȏȊțȒ ȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȟȈșȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȍȕȐȧ ȚȍȘȧȓ Ȍȓȧ țȔȈ șȊȧȏȤ ș
ȒȈȒȐȔ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ — ȚȈȒȖȊȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍ-
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑȏ șȈȔȣȝ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑ ȕȈȐȔȍȕȍȍ ȊȘȍȌȕȣȝ țȒ-
ȓȖȕȍȕȐȑ ȔȖȐȝ ȌțȠȍȊȕȣȝ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȍȑ țȒȓȖȕȍȕȐȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ,
ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȕȍ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȕȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȉȍȏ
șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȌȈȦȚșȧ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȔț ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȦ ȐȓȐ ȈȕȈ-
ȓȐȏț» Ǩ ȕȍȘȊȕȣȑ ǨȊȋțșȚ ǩȥȌȓȖȥ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȡȐȑ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ
ȌȍȕȤ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȘȖȋțȓȒȖȑ ȌȖȏț ȖȗȐȧ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȋȓȈȊȕȈȧ
ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖȋȖ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȧ șȖșȚȖȐȚ
Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȊșȍȔ ȌȈȎȍ șȈȔȣȔ ȖȉȣȌȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȍȡȈȔ ȖȕȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȌȈȍȚ ȖșȖȉȣȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍș ©ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, ȖȗȐȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓ șȊȖȍ
ȖȉȣȟȕȖȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ — ȖȒțȚȈȓ ȊȍșȤ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȑ ȔȐȘ ȐȕȚȍȕșȐȊ-
ȕȣȔ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȔ Ǫ ȌȘȖȎȈȡȍȔ ȓȐșȚȍ — Ȋ ȞȊȍȚȍ ȉȣȓȐȕȒȐ — Ȋ
ȉȓȍșȒȍ ȒȈȗȍȓȤȒȐ ȘȖșȣ — Ȋ șȚȖȕȍ ȊȍȚȘȈ — Ȋ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȔ
ȏȈȗȈȝȍ ȓȍșȈ — ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ șȖȏȌȈȊȈȓșȧ ȔȐȘ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȔȣșȓȐ
ȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȣȔ, ȘȈȗșȖȌȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȣȔ ȗȖȚȖ-
ȒȖȔª
ǺȈȒ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȍȚșȧ țșȚȈȔȐ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȍȘșȖȕȈȎȍȑ ȞȈȘȤ țȎȈșȖȊ
ȊȓȈȌȣȒȈ ȚȈȑȕ ȅȚȐ ȌȊȍ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȐșȚȐȒȐ ȖȗȐȧ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȔȍȕȐȔȣ Ȑ Ȓ ȋȈȠȐȠț ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȚȈȒ Ȑ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȔ șȓțȟȈȑ Ȍțȝ
șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȑ ȌȖ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȧ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȘȈȉȖȔ ȕȖ șȓȖȊȖ ȘȈȗ-
șȖȌȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȚȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȧȦȡȍȍ ȝȖȌ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ ȗȖȌ-

82
șȒȈȏȈȕȕȣȝ Ȑ ȊȕțȠȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȔ ȔȐȘȖȔ Ȑ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖȑ Ȑȋ-
ȘȖȑ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȝ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊ, ȍȡȍ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȍȑ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ țȎȈș-
ȕȖȑ ȗȘȈȊȌȐȊȖșȚȤȦ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȐȔȖ Ȓ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȦ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ǺțȚ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ ȘȈȏțȔ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȡȍȗȒȖȑ țȕȖșȐȔȖȑ Țȍ-
ȟȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȚȖȒȖȊ Ȑ ȝȖȌ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȍșȘȈȊȕȍȕȕȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ
șȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȍȕ Ȑ ȘȈȗșȖȌȐȟȍȕ ǰȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȧ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȦ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟ-
ȕȖ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȋȈ-
ȠȐȠȈ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȖȗȐȧ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȋȖȘȈȏ-
ȌȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȕȈȘțȠȈȍȚ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ șȓȖȊȖȔ
— ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȊȘȍȌȖȕȖșȕȍȍ ȖȗȐȧ ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȊȣȏȖȊȍȚ ȓȐ Ȍȍșȧ-
ȚȐȓȍȚȕȍȍ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ șȚȖȓȤ Ȏȍ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȍ ȘȈȏȘț-
ȠȍȕȐȧ ȒȈȒ ȌȍșȧȚȐȓȍȚȕȍȍ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȍ ȖȗȐȧ ȧ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȦ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȗȖ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ȌȈȕȕȖȔț
ȔȖȔȍȕȚț Ȑ Ȓ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȔț ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ
țȎȈșȕȣȔ ȖȗȐȑ — ȥȚȖ ȚȐȝȐȑ ȖȉȖȓȤșȚȐȚȍȓȤ ȋȈȠȐȠ — ȥȚȖ ȕȍ-
ȖȉțȏȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȌȍȔȖȕ
ȇ ȝȖȟț Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȤ Ȑ
ȗȘȖȈȕȈȓȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȖȗțșȚȖȠȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȧȍ-
ȔȖȍ ȥȚȖȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖȑ Ȑ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȋȐȔȕȈșȚȐȒȖȑ —Ȗȗț-
șȚȖȠȍȕȐȍ șȚȖȓȤ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȍ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ șȚȖȓȤ ȋȓțȉȖȒțȦ ȟȚȖ ȓȦ-
ȌȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȧȚ Ȑȏ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ȖȚȌȍȓȈȊȠȐșȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȍȏȕȈ-
ȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȊȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȒȈȎțȚșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȝȘȈȉȘȍȞȈȔȐ țș-
ȒȖȓȤȏȕțȊȠȐȔȐ Ȑȏ ȗȍȡȍȘȣ ȔȕȖȋȖȓȐȒȖȋȖ ǷȘȖȚȍȧ, ǶȘȜȍȧȔȐ
ȗȖȉȍȌȐȊȠȐȔȐ ȗȘȍȐșȗȖȌȕȦȦ ǰ ȗțșȚȤ ȔȖȑ șȗȖșȖȉ ȊȣȘȈ-
ȎȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȚ ȍșȓȐ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȏȈ ȗȘȍțȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȕțȦ ȔȍȚȈ-
ȜȖȘț — ȕȖ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȦȡȐȍ ȧȌȣ
ȒȈȎțȚșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ șȈȔȣȝ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȝ Ȑ Ȍȍȑ-
șȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ șȘȍȌșȚȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȘȈșȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚ Ǭțȝ ǺȤȔȣ Ȍȓȧ
ȏȈȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȖȒȖȘȍȕȐȧ ȏȓȖșȟȈșȚȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȈ ȕȖ Ȑ
ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ șȈȔȣȝ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȗȓȖȡȍȕȐȑ
ǵȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȖȒȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȚȘțȌ Ȑ ȗȘȐȌȈȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ
ȧșȕȖșȚȤ ȔȖȍȔț ȈȕȈȓȐȏț ȧ ȕȍ șȚȈȕț ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȚȤ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȝ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏȖȊ Ȉ șȖȍȌȐȕȦ ȊșȦ ȔȈșșț ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȑ Ȋ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȍȕȐȐ
Ȓ ȖȌȕȖȔț ȊȣȔȣȠȓȍȕȕȖȔț ȓȐȞț ǰȚȈȒ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈ-
ȊȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒțȦ ȌțȠț ȗȖ șȊȖȍȔț Ȋȣ-
ȉȖȘț Ǭȍ DzȊȐȕșȐ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ǷȘȐȏȕȈȕȐȧȝ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖ țȚȊȍȘȎ-
ȌȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȖȗȐȑ ȕȍ țșȣȗȓȧȍȚ Ȉ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȍȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȖ ȊȖȏ-
ȉțȎȌȈȍȚ Ȋ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȍȋȖ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ șȒȓȖȕȕȖșȚȍȑ Ȑ

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ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖȉȣ șțȌȐȚȤ Ȗ ȟțȌȍșȈȝ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȍȔȣȝ ȖȗȐȍȔ ȉȣȓȖ
ȉȣ ȕȍȓȍȗȖ ȐȏțȟȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȕȈ ȚȖȘȋȖȊȞȍ șȒȖȚȖȔ ȐȉȖ
ȥȚȖȔț ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȔț ȋȘȍȏȐȓȐșȤ ȉȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖȓȣ Ȑ ȗȈșȚȉȐȡȈ
ǰȚȈȒ, ȧ ȕȍ ȉțȌț ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȚȤ ȋȘțȉȣȍ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȐ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
ȒȖȕȕȖȏȈȊȖȌȟȐȒȈ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ — ȒȖȔț ȥȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ" ȒȚȖ șȚȈȓ ȉȣ Ȗ ȕȐȝ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ" ǿȚȖȉȣ
ȐȌȍȈȓȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȈȕȈȓȐȏȈ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ șȖȉȘȈȚȤ
ȕȈ ȕȍȔ Ȋșȍ ȓțȟȐ ȗȖȓȧȘȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ Ȑȝ Ȑ ȚȍȔ ȏȈȒȖȓȌȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ
ȒȘțȋȖȔ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȧ șȖȉȍȘț Ȑȝ ȉțȌȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȧ țȎȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȑȏ-
ȉȘȈȕȕȈȧ — ș ȔȖȍȑ ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ — ȌțȠȈ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȍ ȚȖ-
Ȕț ȟȚȖ ;9,,, ȊȍȒȍ ȐȔȍȕȖȊȈȓȐ «ȟțȊșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍ-
ȒȖȔ», ȘȖȔȈȕȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȠȒȖȓȈ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȈ «ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȣȔ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒȖȔ» Ȉ ȕȣȕȍȠȕȐȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȐ șȍȔȍȑȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ Ȑ
ȉțȘȎțȈȏȕȈȧ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȗȖȕȖșȧȚ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȐȔȍȕȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȍȔ ©ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȈª
ǵȈȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț ȕȍȘȊȕȣȑ ȕȈȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț Ȏȍȓȟȕȣȑ ȚȍȔȗȍȘȈ-
ȔȍȕȚ — ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ șȓțȎȐȚ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȑ ȗȖȟȊȖȑ Ȍȓȧ
ȧȘȒȐȝ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȑ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȔ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț
ȘȈȏȊȐȚȖȑ țȔ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȕȣȑ ȕȈ ȐȏțȟȍȕȐȐ ȜȖȘȔ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȖȒ
ȕȍȎȕȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȐșȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȋȖȘȍȔ ȕȖ ȕȍ țȚȘȈȚȐȊȠȍȍ șȗȖ-
șȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȍȚȤ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȔ șȍȉȍ, ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȍșȓȐ țȋȖȌ-
ȕȖ ȘȧȌ ȖȠȐȉȖȒ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȔ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ șȊȧȏȈ-
ȕȖ ș ȥȚȐȔ Ȍȓȧ ȓȍȋȒȖȊȖȏȉțȌȐȔȖȑ ȕȈȚțȘȣ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ȗȘȧȔȣȍ țȋ-
ȘȣȏȍȕȐȧ șȖȊȍșȚȐ ȚȖ, ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ, șȒȖȘȉȤ Ȗ ȕȐȏȔȍȕȕȖ
ȗȘȖȎȐȚȖȔ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȘȈșȚȘȈȟȍȕȕȖȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ǹȒȓȖȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȓ Ȕȍ-
ȚȈȜȐȏȐȒȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȖ ș ȜȐȓȖșȖȜșȒȐȔȐ ȋȐȗȖȚȍȏȈȔȐ ȖȚȕȖșȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ — ȚȖȎȍ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȕȍ
ȉțȌțȚ ȉȍșȗȖȓȍȏȕȣȔȐ ȌȖȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȧȔȐ — ȚȖȟȕȖ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ Ȑ
ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȓ ȌȖȉȘȖȌȍȚȍȓȐ ȖȚȊȓȍȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȌȖȉȘȖȌȍȚȍȓȐ șȚȖȐȟȍș-
ȒȖȋȖ ȐȓȐ ȔȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȈ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚșȧ ȊȖ
Ȋșȍȝ ȒȕȐȋȈȝ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȝ ȗȐȡț șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ ȒȈȒ Ȗ
ȊȣșȖȟȈȑȠȍȑ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȍ ȌȖșȚȐȎȐȔȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȕȖȑ ȌțȠȐ.
ǭșȓȐ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐșȖȍȌȐȕȐȔ ȒȖ ȊșȍȔț ȥȚȖȔț ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ țȚȖȕȟȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȑ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȧ ȖȗțșȚȐȓ ȒȈȒ șȊȍȘȝȌȖȓȎȕȖȍ țș-
ȓȖȊȐȍ — ȚȖ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ Ȕȣ ȗȖȓțȟȐȔ Ȋ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȍ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȍ
Ȋșȍȝ ȖșȕȖȊȕȣȝ ȟȍȘȚ șȊȖȑșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȔț ȟțȊșȚȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț — Ȋșȍȝ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȖȊ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȉȣ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȖȑ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ.

84
ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȐȔ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȚșȧ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȐȕȌȐȊȐ-
ȌțȈȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȊȏȌțȚȈȧ ȌȖ ȟȘȍȏȔȍȘȕȣȝ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȖȊ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍȔ ȋȈ-
ȠȐȠȈ ǷȘȖșȓȍȌȐȔ ȏȈ ȥȚȐȔ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȖȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȊȖȖȉ-
ȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȊȗȓȖȚȤ ȌȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȖȑ
ȖȉȐȚȍȓȐ — ȌȖ țȊȍȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ șȊȖȦ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȉȖ-
ȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ
ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚȍ Ȓ ȟȐșȓț ȚȈȒȐȝ ȌțȠ ȊȈȠȈ ȗȘȐ-
ȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȈȧ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȓ ȜȖȘȔȈȔ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȒȈȔ ȕȈȑȌȍȚ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ
țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ Ȏȍ șȚȈȌȐȧȝ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȧ
DzȘȈșȒȐ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚțȚ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕțȦ ȧȘȒȖșȚȤ Ȑ țșȚȘȍȔȧȚșȧ Ȋ
ȊȈȠ ȔȖȏȋ ș ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ǺțșȒȓȈȧ ȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ
ȐȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȓȖȝȈȧ ȎȐȊȖȗȐșȤ ȗȓȈȜȖȕȖȊ ȖȉȓȍȟȍȚșȧ țȎȈșȈȦ-
ȡȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ șȈȔȣȍ ȋȘțȉȣȍ ȖȉȖȐ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȍ șȚȍ-
ȕȣ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖșȚȖȧȓȣȝ ȌȊȖȘȖȊ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȍȓȐ-
ȒȖȓȍȗȕȣȍ ȌȐȖȘȈȔȣ ǵȐȔȜȣ ș ȖșȓȍȗȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȚȍȓȈȔȐ șȔȖȚ-
ȘȧȚ ȕȈ ȊȈș șȊȖȐȔȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ — ȉȖȓȍȍ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȔȐ Ȑ
ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȔȐ ȟȍȔ ȕȍȉȖ Ȑ ȊȖȌȈ ȋȍȘȖȐ ȌȘȍȊȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȋȘȍȟȍș-
ȒȐȝ ȊȖȐȕșȒȐȝ ȖȌȍȧȕȐȧȝ ȖȉȔȍȕȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȗȘȐ ȗȖșȘȍȌ-
șȚȊȍ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȖȋȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈ ȋȓțȉȖȟȈȑȠȐȔȐ ȗȘȐȏȕȈ-
ȕȐȧȔȐ ǰȏȋȐȉȣ ȓȐȕȐȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȗȖȕȧȚ-
ȕȣȔ ȧȏȣȒȖȔ ȘȈșȒȘȣȊȈȦȚ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȈȔȐ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ
ȌțȠ Ǫ ȥȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȚȖ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ Ȑ ȏȣȉȒȖȍ
ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ ȌțȝȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȈ șȈȔȣȔ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȖȉȣȟȕȣȔ
ȏȘȍȓȐȡȍȔ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȍȋȖ — ȘȈȏȊȍȘȏȈȍȚșȧ Ȋșȧ ȋȓțȉȐȕȈ ȎȐȏ-
ȕȐ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȍȍ ȞȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȔȕȖȋȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȐ ȍȍ ȗȘȖȉ-
ȓȍȔ — ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȗȖȗȈȊȠȐȑșȧ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȒȘȈș-
ȕȖȘȍȟȐȊȣȔ șȐȔȊȖȓȖȔ ǼțȘȤȍ Ȑ ǹȊȍȌȍȕȉȖȘȋ — ȖȌȐȕ șȖ șȊȖȐ-
ȔȐ ȈȕȈȓȖȋȐȧȔȐ ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȖȚȒȘȖȊȍȕȐȧȔȐ, — ȊȖȗȓȖ-
ȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȘȈșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ Ȑ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȑ ȔȐȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȘȈșȗȈȌȈȍȚ-
șȧ ȕȈ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȊȈȔ ȐșȚȐȕț — ȕȍ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ Ȉ
șȊȖȐȔȐ ȜȖȘȔȈȔȐ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȒȈȔȐ ǹȔȣșȓ ȈȓȓȍȋȖȘȐȑ ȘȈȏȘȈș-
ȚȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȈș ȌȖ ȕȍȉȣȊȈȓȣȝ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȖȊ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȔ ȒșȚȈȚȐ ȟȚȖ
ȈȓȓȍȋȖȘȐȧ ȥȚȖȚ Ȋ ȊȣșȖȒȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȖȌțȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ
ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȍȏȌȈȘȕȣȍ ȎȐȊȖȗȐșȞȣ ȕȈțȟȐȓȐ ȕȈș ȗȘȍ-
ȏȐȘȈȚȤ ȕȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ șȈȔȣȝ ȗȍȘȊȖȉȣȚ-
ȕȣȝ Ȑ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȑ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȈȍȚ Ȍȓȧ
țȔȈ ȖȏȈȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȍȔ ȊșȦ șȊȖȦ ȗȘȍȎȕȦȦ ȏȈȒȖȕȕțȦ
ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ǫȈȠȐȠ ȏȈȓȐȊȈȍȚ ȊșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȔȈ-

85
ȋȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȓȈȒȖȔ Ȗȕ ȖȒȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȚ ȍȍ Ȋ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȞȊȍȚȈ
ȖșȊȍȡȈȍȚ Ȋșȍ ȍȍ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ǷȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȣȍ ȗȍȑȏȈȎȐ țȉȍȋȈȦ-
ȡȐȍ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚȣ ȗȍȘșȗȍȒȚȐȊȣ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȊ ȉȍȓȍȦȡȐȝ Ȋ ȚțșȒȓȖ-
ȔȍȘȚȊȖȔ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȐȐ ȋȘȖȏȣ ȐȓȐ ȖȏȈȘȍȕȕȣȝ ȘȌȍȦȡȐȔȐ Ȗȋȕȧ-
ȔȐ ȏȈȒȈȚȈ — ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ ȒȈȒ șȐȔȊȖȓ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ȊȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȐ — ȗȓȧșȒȈ ȎȍșȚ ȐȓȐ ȌȍȒȓȈȔȈȞȐȧ ȈȒȚȍȘȖȊ ȍșȓȐ Ȋȣ Ȗȟț-
ȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȚȍȈȚȘȍ — ȗȍȘȊȈȧ ȗȖȗȈȊȠȈȧșȧ ȜȘȈȏȈ ȍșȓȐ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ
ȊȈȠ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȕȐȞț ȒȕȐȋȐ — șȓȖȊȖȔ Ȋșȍ Ȋșȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ Ȑ
Ȋșȍ șțȡȍșȚȊțȦȡȍȍ ȊșȚȈȍȚ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȈȔȐ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȚȖ ȕȖȊȖȔ șȐȧ-
ȕȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȋȣ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȓȐ ȌȖ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȖȘ ǬȈȎȍ
ȋȘȈȔȔȈȚȐȒȈ șțȝȈȧ ȋȘȈȔȔȈȚȐȒȈ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȟȈȘȖȌȍȑșȚ-
ȊȖ Ȑ ȒȖȓȌȖȊșȚȊȖ șȓȖȊȈ ȖȎȐȊȈȦȚ ȖȉȓȍȒȈȦȚșȧ ȗȓȖȚȤȦ Ȑ ȒȘȖ-
ȊȤȦ șțȡȍșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ șȊȖȍȔ șțȉșȚȈȕȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȔ Ȋȍ-
ȓȐȟȐȐ ȗȘȐȓȈȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ — ȞȊȍȚȕȖȍ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȖȍ ȖȉȓȈȟȍȕȐȍ
ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȓȍȋȈȦȡȍȍ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȒȈȒ ȋȓȈȏțȘȤ Ȑ ȋȓȈȋȖȓ — ȥȚȖȚ Ȉȕȋȍȓ
ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ șȖȖȉȡȈȦȡȐȑ ȜȘȈȏȍ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǴțȏȣȒȈ — ȌȘțȋȖȑ
ȧȏȣȒ ȐȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȧȏȣȒ Ȍȓȧ ȓȍȕȐȊȣȝ ȐȓȐ Ȏȍ Ȍȓȧ ȋȓțȉȖ-
ȒȐȝ țȔȖȊ ȐȡțȡȐȝ ȖȚȌȖȝȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȐ ȚȘțȌȈ —
ȔțȏȣȒȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȊȈȔ Ȗ ȊȈș șȈȔȐȝ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȊȈȔ ȗȖȥȔț ȊȈ-
Ƞȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȖȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȈș Ȑ Ȋȣ ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȧȍȚȍșȤ Ȋ
ȕȍȑ ǶȕȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗ ȊȓȈȌȍȦȡȍȑ ȊȈȔȐ șȚȘȈșȚȐ — ȕȍ ȘȈșȗȓȣȊ-
ȟȈȚȖ Ȑ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȣȝ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȊ
ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȔȣȝ ȊȈȔȐ Ȋ ȖȗȍȘȍ ȕȖ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȒȈȎȌȖȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȘȐȚȔȈ ȖȚȔȍȟȈȍȚ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȌȊȐ-
ȎȍȕȐȍ ȊȈȠȍȑ ȌțȠȐ ȒȈȎȌȈȧ ȕȖȚȈ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ șȓȖȊȖ Ȑ
Ȋșȧ ȗȖȥȔȈ ȞȍȓȐȒȖȔ ȊȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȊȈȠ ȔȖȏȋ ȒȈȒ ȖȌȈȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȎȐ-
ȏȕȤȦ șȓȖȊȈȘȤ
ǵȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȈȦȚ Ȋ ȕȈ-
ȠȍȔ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȐ ȝȈȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐ Ȋ ȒȘȐȒȓȐȊȣȝ ȚȖȕȈȝ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ șȊȖȑșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȊȕȍȠȕȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǪȕțȚ-
ȘȍȕȕȐȑ ȊȏȖȘ ȕȈȠ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȍȖȉȘȈȎȈȍȚ ȊșȧȒțȦ ȊȍȡȤ ȌȖȗȖȓȕȧȍȚ
ȒȘȈșȖȚȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȍȑ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȍȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȕȈ ȔȖȋȓȈ șȚȈȚȤ Ȍȍȑ--
șȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȖȑ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ Dz ȥȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȜȈȏȍ
ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ Ȑ șȓȈȌȖșȚȘȈșȚȕȖȑ ȕțȎȕȖ ȖȚ-
ȕȍșȚȐ ȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȖȑ ȚȍȒțȟȍȑ ȐȓȐ șȚȖȧȟȍȑ ȊȖȌȍ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ș ȚȈȒȖȑ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕ-
ȕȖȔ ȔȖȏȋț ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȖȊ ǯȍȘȒȈȓȈ ȌȈȦȚ ȗȖȊȖȌ Ȓ
ȊȖȏȕȐȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȦ ȥȚȖȑ ȋȘȍȏȣ șȚȖȓȤ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȑ ȕȈ ȌțȝȖȊȕțȦ ȎȈȎ-

86
Ȍț Ȋ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȐ ș ȐșșțȠȈȦȡȍȑ ȋȖȘȓȖ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȎȈȎȌȖȑ
Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȧ țȎȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȊȣȠȍ ȉȍȋțȡȈȧ ȊȖȌȈ ȐȋȘȈ șȚȘțȑ
ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȒȈșȒȈȌȣ șȐȕȧȧ ȉȍșȗȘȍȌȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȔȖȘȧ — Ȋșȍ
ȥȚȖ ȕȍșȍȚșȧ ȗȖȍȚ ȐȓȐ ȌȘȍȔȓȍȚ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȖȍ ȕȍȖȚȘȈȏȐȔȖȑ
ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȤȦ ǪȖȌȈ ȘȈȏȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȈȧ ȖȉȖȓȤșȚȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȐȞȈ Ȑ, ȝȖȚȧ ȧ ȕȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȍȘȦ Ȋ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȒȐ ȉțȑȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȔȍȠȈ-
ȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȍ ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȧ ȕȍ șȚȈȓ ȉȣ țȚȊȍȘ-
ȎȌȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ șȖȏȍȘȞȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȖȑ ȉȍȏȌȕȣ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȉȍȏȖȗȈș-
ȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȌțȠȐ ȊȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȑ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȝȘțșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ
ȋȓȈȌȐ, Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȌȘȍȊȕȍȍ șȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ Ȗȉ ǻȕȌȐȕȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȍȊ-
ȘȈȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȍȓȧ ȥȕȚțȏȐȈșȚȈ Ȋ ȚȘȈȋȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ
Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖȔ
ȘȈȏȘȈșȚȈȕȐȐ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ — ȌȊțȝ ȐȌȍȑ ȚȍșȕȖ
șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȝ ȔȍȎȌț șȖȉȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȘȈȏțȔ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȖȗȤȧ-
ȕȍȕȐȧ șȖȏȍȘȞȈȍȚ ȉȍȏ șȒȖȘȉȐ Ȑ ȉȍȏ șȚȘȈȝȈ ǹ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȔȍȓȈȕ-
ȝȖȓȐȟȍșȒȕȔȍ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȖȔ ȊșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȤ ȋȖȌȖȊ Ȑ
șȔȍȓȖ țșȚȘȍȔȓȧȍȚșȧ ȊȏȖȘȖȔ Ȋ ȉȍșȗȘȍȌȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕ-
șȚȊȈ ǩȣȓȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȌȔȍȟȍȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ
Ȋșȍ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȧȦȡȍȍ șȍȉȍ ȘȈȏȘȈșȚȈȕȐȍ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȧȍȚșȧ ȚȈȒ-
Ȏȍ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȐȌȍȐ Ȋ ȚȖȔȍ ȟȐșȓȍ Ȑ ȕȈ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ
șȐȔȗȈȚȐȐ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȦ ȧ ȗȘȐȊȍȓ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ țȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȔȍȘ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȚȖ Ȏȍ șȈȔȖȍ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚșȧ Ȑ Ȓ ȓȦȉȊȐ ǰȌȍȧ ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ
ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȋ ȌțȝȖȊȕȖȑ ȓȐȟ-
ȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȔȐ șȒȓȈȌȈ ǫȈȘȔȖȕȐȧ ȐȏȋȐȉȣ ȓȐ-
ȕȐȑ șȖȘȈȏȔȍȘȕȖșȚȤ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȋȘȍȏȧȡȍȔț
ȒȈȒ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖȍ ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ — ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȓȧ Ȋșȍȝ
șțȡȍșȚȊ ȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ ȕȖ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȋȘȍȏȧȡȍȋȖ ȖȌȈ-
ȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȈȌȐȐ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȧ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ șȗȖșȖȉ-
ȕȖșȚȤȦ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȉȍșșȔȍȘȚȕȣȑ ȔȐȘȖȊȖȑ ȘȐȚȔ ǰ ȍșȓȐ ȕȈȠ
ȜȈȕȈȚȐȒ șȈȔ ȕȍ ȖȌȈȘȍȕ ȒȘȈșȖȚȖȑ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȑȚȍ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȉțȌȍȚ
ȌȖȓȋȖ șȚȘȈȌȈȚȤ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȋȖ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȉț-
ȌȍȚ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȌȐșȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȕȖȚț Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ
ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȐ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ șȖȏȌȈȕȕȖȔ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ǹȖȜȐȏ-
Ȕȣ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖșȚȐȎȐȔȣ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍȔ ȕȈ-
ȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȣ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȖȗȚȐȔȐȏȔȈ Ȑ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȋȓȈȊȕȍȑȠȐȝ Ȑ
ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ șȖșȚȖȐȚ Ȋ ȚȖȔȍ ȟȚȖ ȎȍȓȈȍȔȖȍ ȗȘȐȖȉ-
ȘȍȚȈȍȚ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȍ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ǺȖ Ȏȍ șȈȔȖȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȟȈ-
șȚȖ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȍȚșȧ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ Ȑ Ȋ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ ȖȉȣȟȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ

87
ȕȖ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȥȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȧȘȟȍ Ȑ ȚȖȕȤȠȍ ǬȈ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣ
șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȖȌȈȘȍȕȕȖȍ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȘȈȏțȔȍȕȐȍȔ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȐ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ,
ȧȊȓȧȦȡȍȍșȧ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȎȘȍȞȖȔ ǷȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ — ȒȈȒ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣ
ȖȕȖ ȌȖȗțșȚȐȚȤ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ ȗȧȚȕȖ ȗȖ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȦ Ȓ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ ȚȍȖȘȐȐ" ǵȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȒȘȈșȖȚȈ Ȑ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȍȍ Ȑȏȧ-
ȡȍșȚȊȖ șȖ ȊșȍȔȐ ȍȋȖ ȖȉȖȓȤȡȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȒȘȈșȕȖȘȍȟȐȍ ș ȍȋȖ șȔȍ-
ȓȣȔȐ ȗȖȌȢȍȔȈȔȐ — Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ șȕȈ-
ȟȈȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȒȖȘȘȍȒȚȐȊȈȔȐ Ȓ ȘȍȎțȡȍȑ ȕȍȒȘȈșȐȊȖșȚȐ ȗȖȚȖȔ
— țȚȍȠȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ țȚȖȕȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȓȤșȚȍȞȈȔȐ ȊȖȖȉȘȈ-
ȎȈȍȔȖȋȖ ȊȓȈȌȣȒȐ
ǿȚȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȚȖ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ș ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ, ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȣȔ ȠȒȖȓȤȕȐȒȈ șȚȈȘȈȓȐșȤ ȘȈȏțȏ-
ȕȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ șȟȍȚ ț ȓȐȞ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȝ ș țȗȖȚȘȍȉ-
ȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ǪȖ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȚȤșȧ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȖȍ ȖȗȤȧ-
ȕȍȕȐȍ șȚȖȓȤ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ țȎȍ șȈȔȖ ȗȖ șȍȉȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȖ
ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȐ ȒȈȒ șȖȓȕȞȍ Ȋ șȖȓȕȞȍ" ǺȈȒȖȊ
ȊȖȗȘȖș ȊȖȏȕȐȒȈȦȡȍȑ Ȍȓȧ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȈ țȔȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȧ ȕȈȏ-
ȊȈȓ ȉȣ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȣȔȐ ȋțȓȧȒȈȔȐ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȍȒȚțȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ǿȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȌȘȈȏțȔȍȊȈȍȔțȦ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȍȗȘȐșȚȖȑȕȖșȚȤ ȕȈ
Țț ȟȈșȚȤ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȕȍ ȘȍȠȈȦȚșȧ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȖȚȒȘȣ-
ȚȖ ȧ ȖȚȖȠȓȦ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȧ Ȓ ǷȓȐȕȐȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ Ȗ
șȊȖȑșȚȊȈȝ ȒȖȕȖȗȓȐ ȘȈșșȍȐȊȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ șȟȍȚ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ Ȑȓ-
ȓȦȏȐȑ ǶȉȡȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȟȚȖ șȈȔȣȔ ȖȉȣȟȕȣȔ Șȍ-
ȏțȓȤȚȈȚȖȔ ȏȓȖțȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȑ ȕȍȘȊȕȣȔȐ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑ
ȊȖȏȉțȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈȔȐ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȘȈșșȓȈȉȓȍȕȐȍ ȖȘȋȈ-
ȕȐȏȔȈ ǵȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȌȈȕȕȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȕȍ
Ȗȉ ȈȒȚȐȊȕȣȝ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȧȝ Ȉ Ȗȉ ȟțȊșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȊȖȏȉț-
ȌȐȔȖșȚȐ ȚȖ ȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȗȘȖȠț ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȧ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȧ ȕȍȘȊȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȋȈ-
ȠȐȠȍȔ ȌȖȊȍȌȍȕȈ ȌȖ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȣȝ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ
ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȗȖȌȌȈȦȚșȧ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȦ ȒȈȒ șȐȓȈ ȊȍȚȘȈ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȉțȘȐ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȧ Ȏȍ ȍȋȖ țȚȖȕȟȍȕȣ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȌȖ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȌ-
ȌȈȦȡȍȑșȧ ȐȏȔȍȘȍȕȐȦ ǴȖȎȕȖ ȌȖȗțșȚȐȚȤ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ șȈ-
ȔȈȧ ȚȐȝȈȧ șȈȔȈȧ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȈȧ ȓȈșȒȈ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ ȗȖȎȈȚȐȍ
ȘțȒȐ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȈȍȚ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ȊȖ șȚȖ ȒȘȈȚ țȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȕȖȍ ȌȈȕ-
ȕȣȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍȔ ȌțȠȐ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊ Ȑ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȚ — ȗȘȐȚȖȔ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȉȣșȚȘȖ — ȚȖ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖȍ ȏȈȔȐȘȈȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ șȟȐȚȈȍȚșȧ ȖȉȣȒ-
ȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ șȔȍȘȚȕȣȔȐ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȖȑ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȧ ǵȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ

88
ȌțȠȍ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȊȠȍȑșȧ ȓȦȉȖȊȤȦ ȋȈȠȐȠ ȗȘȖȉțȎȌȈȍȚ
ȕȍȎȕȣȍ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȍ Ȑ șȒȖȘȉȤ ȗȘȐ-
ȌȈȦȚ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ șȐȧȦȡțȦ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȓȍȎȐȚ
ȕȐȒȈȒȖȔț șȖȔȕȍȕȐȦ ǹȚȖȓȤ Ȏȍ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȖ ȊșȍȔ
ȥȚȐȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧȔ ȌțȝȈ ȗȘȐȔȍȠȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȌȖȓȧ
ȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȍȉȍșȗȖȓȍȏȕȖ ȖȚȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȒȖȕ-
șȚȈȚȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȗțȕȒȚȍ ȊșȦ ȉȍȏȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ țȗȖȚȘȍȉ-
ȓȍȕȐȧ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȟȚȖ șȍȒȚȈ ǰȏȔȈȐȓȐȚȖȊ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȊȣȌȍȓȐ-
ȓȐșȤ ǨșșȈșșȐȕȣ
 ȗȍȘȍȠȓȈ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȖȉȖȎȍșȚȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ
Ȋȍȡȍȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȏȈ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȣ ȉȍșȗȘȐșȚȘȈșȚȕȖȋȖ dzȐȕȋȈȔȈ Ȑ șȖȏ-
ȌȈȓȈ ȈȉșȖȓȦȚȕȣȑ Ȑ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȒțȓȤȚ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȎȍȕșȒȖȑ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȣ șȐȔȊȖȓȈ ǰ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȍȚ șȖȉȖȦ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
șȊȍȘȝȢȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȚȈȒȈȧ Ȏȍ ȕȍȗȘȐșȚȖȑȕȈȧ
ȍȘȍșȤ ȚȈȒȈȧ Ȏȍ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȈȧ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȧ ȊȣȘȖșȓȈ Ȑ Ȋ țȔȍ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒȈ ȔȈȓȖȌțȠȕȖ ȖȚȌȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȊȖȏȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧȔ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȤșȒȖȋȖ
ȏȍȓȤȧ Ȑ ș țȓȣȉȒȖȑ șȖȏȍȘȞȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȐȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ
șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȍȑ
Ǵȣ țȎȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȐ ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ ș ȖșȖ-
ȉȍȕȕȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ șȐȔȗȈȚȐȐ Ȓ ȓȦȌȧȔ —
ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȜȐȓȈȕȚȘȖȗȐȧ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȕȈȧ
șȒȖȘȍȍ ȕȈ ȎȈȓȖșȚȐ ȟȍȔ ȕȈ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȏȌȍșȤ țȎȍ ȌȈȍȚ șȍȉȧ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȏȈȘȖȌȣȠ șȈȚȈȕȐȕșȒȖȋȖ ȌțȝȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȖȐȚ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȤșȧ ȌȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣȝ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȊ
 ȕȖ ȌȖȝȖȌȧȡȈȧ
ȌȖ ȖȗȈșȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȐȚȤ ȒȖȔț-ȓȐȉȖ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȍ ȖȋȖȘȟȍȕȐȍ
ǴȖȎȕȖ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ
ȗȘȐ ȌȈȕȕȣȝ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ ȟțȊșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖ-
ȟȍȕȕȈȧ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȕȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȍ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȐȋȘȈȦȡȍȍ ȐȓȐ
ȐȋȘȈȊȠȍȍ șȍȘȤȍȏȕțȦ ȘȖȓȤ Ȋ ȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ
ǷȘȍȒȓȖȕȍȕȐȍ ȖȉȖȎȈȕȐȍ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ Ȑ ȔȍȟȚȣ Ȗ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȕȍșțȚ-
șȧ șȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ș ȗȖȉȍȌȖȕȖșȕȖȑ șȐȓȖȦ Ȑ ȜȍȑȍȘȊȍȘȖȟȕȣȔ
ȉȓȍșȒȖȔ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȗȖȘȖȝț Ȑ ȘȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȔ ȖȋȕȧȔ ȖȕȐ Ȋșȗȣ-
ȝȐȊȈȦȚ Ȑ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȦȚșȧ ȊȖ ȔȘȈȒȍ ǵȍȚ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ șȖȟȍȚȈȕȐȧ
ȟțȊșȚȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ Ȍȓȧ ȋȐȉȒȖȑ ȓȦȉ-
ȊȐ ȗȖȘȈȉȖȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ ǹȒȓȖȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȓ ȗȖȒȘȖȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚ-
Ȋț ȖȚȞȖȊșȒȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȍ Ȑ șȈȔȖȖȚȊȍȘȎȍȕȕȖȍ ȔȖȋțȚ
șȖȍȌȐȕȧȚȤșȧ ș ȗȘȍșȚțȗȕȖȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȋȈȠȐȠ
ȊșȍȋȌȈ șțȔȍȍȚ ȐȏȊȐȕȐȚȤ Ȑ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȚȤ ǵȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȐȌȍȚ

89
ȍȡȍ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ǷȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȐȔ ȟȚȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȖ-
șȚțȗȒȐ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ șȓȍȌȣ ȋȖȘȍȟȐ Ȑ ȔțȎ ȐȓȐ ȓȦȉȖȊ-
ȕȐȒ ș ȋȘțșȚȤȦ șȖȏȍȘȞȈȍȚ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ
șȊȖȍ ȖȔȘȈȟȍȕȕȖȍ ȚțȟȈȔȐ ȗȘȖȠȍȌȠȍȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȈȔȈ ȥȚȈ ȋȖ-
ȘȍȟȤ ȗȘȍȖȉȘȈȎȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȗȘȖȡȍ-
ȕȐȐ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȐșȒțșȕȖ ȐȏȔȣȠȓȧȚȤ ȗȘȐȔȐ-
ȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȔȖȚȐȊȣ Ȑ șȈȔȐ țȋȘȣȏȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ șȈȚȈȕȐȕșȒȖȑ
ȌȘȈȔȍ ȊȣȓȐȊȈȦȡȍȑșȧ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȔ ȔȖȕȖȓȖȋȍ ȔȖȋțȚ
ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȏȉțȌȐȚȍȓȤ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȎȐȋȈȦȡȐȑ
ȥȕȚțȏȐȈȏȔ șȍȘȌȞȈ ǬȈ ȌȈȎȍ țȋȘȣȏȍȕȐȧ ǵȍ ȉȣȓ ȓȐ ȧ ȗȘȈȊ
țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȧ ȟȚȖ Ȍȓȧ ȐșȚȐȕȕȖ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜșȒȖȋȖ țȔȈ ȋȈȠȐȠ ȧȊ-
ȓȧȍȚșȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȍȑȠȐȔ ȖȘțȌȐȍȔ ȌȐȈȊȖȓȈ" ǻȋȘȣȏȍȕȐȧ șȖ-
șȚȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȍ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȕțȦ ȗȘȐȗȘȈȊț Ȓ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȦ ȊșȒȖ-
Șȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȋȓȖȡȈȦȚșȧ ȉȓȈȎȍȕȕȣȔ șȖȏȍȘȞȈȕȐȍȔ țȋȘȣ-
ȏȍȕȐȑ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ șȓȈȌȖșȚȘȈșȚȕȣȔ șȈȔȖȈȕȈȓȐȏȖȔ Ȑ ȥȚȖȚ
șȈȔȖȈȕȈȓȐȏ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȍȚșȧ ș ȚȈȒȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ ȟȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț
ȥȚȖȚ ȗȘȐȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ ȌȤȧȊȖȓ ȒȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȐ ǹȊȍ-
ȌȍȕȉȖȘȋȈ ȕȍ ȖȚȌȈȍȚ șȍȉȍ ȖȚȟȍȚȈ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȕȍȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȓȍȕ
Ȑ ȒȈȒ ș șȍȒțȕȌȣ ȕȈ șȍȒțȕȌț Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȤ-
șȒȖȔț șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚȊț ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȖșȝȐȡȈȍȚșȧ șȊȖȐȔȐ țȋȘȣȏȍ-
ȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȍȒȓȖȕȧȍȚșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȈȔȐȔ șȖȉȖȑ Ȋ ȚȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȐȌȍȚ Ȓ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȖȚȍȘȍ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȍȔȣȑ ȔȕȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȐȏȉȘȈȕȕȣȑ țȔ ȌȖ-
șȚȐȋ ȚȖȑ șȚțȗȍȕȐ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȉȓȈȎȍȕșȚȊȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȕȍ ȓȦȉȖȊȈȚȤșȧ șȈȔȐȔ șȖȉȖȑ Ǫșȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȐȧ șȋȓȈȎȐ-
ȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȋșȍ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜșȒȐȍ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔȣ șȚȈȕȖȊȧȚșȧ ȧșȕȣȔȐ ȐȓȐ
ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȒȈȎțȚșȧ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ ǷȖȓȕȖȚȈ ȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈ-
ȕȐȑ ȊȕțȠȈȍȚ ȍȔț ȉȍȏȋȘȈȕȐȟȕțȦ ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȤ DzȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȋȖȓȖș
ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȍȋȖ țȊȣ, ȥȚȖ ȍȋȖ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș
 ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȍȔț
©ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Țȣ ȐȔȍȍȠȤ ȗȘȈȊȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȊȣșȠȍ-
ȋȖ Ȑȏ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ țȘȈȏțȔȍȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ
Țȣ ȌțȔȈȍȠȤ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȠȤ ȖȕȐ ȕȍșȗȖșȖȉȕȣ ȌȈ-
Ȏȍ ȖȞȍȕȐȚȤ ȚȖȑ ȉȓȈȋȖșȒȓȖȕȕȖșȚȐ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȖȕȐ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȦȚ Ȋ
Țȍȉȍ Ǻȣ — ȞȈȘȤ ȕȍȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȕȣȑ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȎȐȊțȡȐȑ
Ȋ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȍ șȊȖȐȝ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ ȕȖ ȟȚȖ Țȍȉȍ ȌȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ" ǵȍ ȊȖȖ-
ȘțȎȍȕ ȓȐ Țȣ ȚȍȔ ȊȣșȠȐȔ ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȐȍȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȖȉțșȓȖȊȓȐ-
ȊȈȍȚ ȌȖȉȘȖȚț ȌțȠȐ"ª

90
ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, ȓȍȋȒȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȟȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍ-
ȔȍȕȐ Ȏȋțȟȍȍ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȕȐȏȣȊȈȍȚ Ȑ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȥȚȖ
ȉȓȈȎȍȕșȚȊȖ DzȈȒȖȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȐȌțȡȍȍ Ȑȏ ȊȕȍȠ-
ȕȍȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȊȖșȒȘȍșȐȚȤ ȚȧȋȖșȚȕȖȍ Ȍȓȧ șȖȏȍȘȞȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȖ-
ȠȍȌȠȍȍ ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȓȍȗȣȝ Ȑ ȕȐȏȒȐȝ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȖȊ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȍȚ
ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȍ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȖȊ, ȗȖȐșȚȐȕȍ ȕȍȌȖșȚȖȑȕȣȝ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȞȈȘȧ
ȔȣșȓȐ Ȑ ȖșȒȊȍȘȕȧȦȡȐȝ ȍȋȖ ȐȌȍȈȓȤȕȖȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚȊȖ ǵȖ
ȉțȌȤȚȍ țȊȍȘȍȕȣ ȟȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȡȐȑșȧ ȊȖ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȋȈȠȐ-
ȠȈ șȔȍȓȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȕȍȚ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȥȚȐȔ țȒȖȘȐȏȕȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȈȔ
Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ șțȔȍȍȚ ȐȏȊȓȍȟȤ Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ ȧȌȖȊȐȚȣȝ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȑ ȕȖ-
Ȋȣȍ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȣ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȧ Ȑ ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȐ ǽȖȌ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșșțȎȌȍ-
ȕȐȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȈȒȖȊ ȍȌȊȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓȖșȤ ȗȍȘȊȖȍ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȖȍ
ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȕȈȟȕȍȚȍ ș ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ ȈȕȈȓȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ
ȥȚȖȚ ȗȖșȚțȗȖȒ ȐȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȕȈ-
ȘțȠȐȓȖ ȍȋȖ șȈȔȖȊȖȏȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȐȍ ȔȖȚȐȊȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȉțȎȌȈ-
ȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȗȖșȚțȗȐȚȤ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ Ȋ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȝ Ȗȕ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȉ ȍșȓȐ Ȑ ȥȚȐ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȕȍ
ȌȈȌțȚ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȣȝ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȑ Ȍȓȧ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȕȐȧ ȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑ-
ȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ șȔȧȋȟȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȖșȚțȗȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȌțȔȈȑȚȍ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȖȟȚȍȚ
șȍȉȧ ȗȖȉȍȎȌȍȕȕȣȔ ǪȖȚ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșșțȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ Ȋ ȔȖȐȝ
ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȐȋȘȍ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȏȔȈ ȗȖȌ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȔ șȚȍȒȓȖȔ
©ȅȚȖȚ ȕȍȓȍȗȣȑ ȗȖȌȓȣȑ ȐȓȐ ȕȐȏȒȐȑ ȗȖșȚțȗȖȒ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈ-
ȕȐȍ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț șȔțȚȐȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȓ-
ȕȖȔ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȐȐ ș ȔȖȍȑ ȐșȚȐȕȕȖȑ ș ȔȖȍȑ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȑ ȕȈ-
ȚțȘȖȑ Ȑ șȈȔȈ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȧ ș ȒȈȒȖȑ ȧ ȗȖȘȐȞȈȦ ȍȋȖ ȚȖ ȐȕȒȊȐȏȐ-
ȚȖȘșȒȖȍ ȘȊȍȕȐȍ ș ȒȈȒȐȔ ȧ ȐșșȓȍȌțȦ Ȑ șțȎț ȍȋȖ ȌȖȒȈȏȣ-
ȊȈȦȚ ȔȖȦ ȊȣșȖȒțȦ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ șȒȓȖȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȓ ȌȖȉȘȖȌȍȚȍ-
ȓȐ ǴȕȖȋȖ ȓȐ ȕȈȑȌȍȚșȧ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ șȗȖșȖȉȕȣȝ ȚȈȒ Ȗșț-
ȌȐȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȚȐ ȕȈȌ șȖȉȖȑ șȚȖȓȤ șțȘȖȊȣȑ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘ?»
ǰ ȊȖȚ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖșțȎȌȈȍȚ ȕȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȓȈȊȓȧȍȚ șȍȉȧ ǻȎȈș-
ȕȖȍ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ ȗȖȚȖȕțȓȖ, ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ, Ȋ șȖȏȍȘȞȈȕȐȐ
ȐȌȍȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȌȖȉȘȖȌȍȚȍȓȐ ȐȌȍȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȔȐȓȖșȍȘȌȐȧ ȐȌȍȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȋȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ș ȟȐșȚȣȔ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ Ȗȕ ȗȘȍȌȈȍȚșȧ șȊȖȍȑ ȚȖȘȎȍ-
șȚȊțȦȡȍȑ ȌțȝȖȊȕȖȑ ȖȘȋȐȐ Ǵȣ ȊȐȌȐȔ ȟȚȖ, șȊȧȚȖȚȈȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖ
ȘȈȏȣȋȘȣȊȈȧ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȖ ȐșȗȖȊȍȌȈȕȐȧ ȧȊȓȧȧșȤ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ
ȐșȗȖȊȍȌțȦȡȐȔșȧ Ȑ ȐșȗȖȊȍȌȕȐȒȖȔ Ȗȕ ș ȓȍȋȒȖșȚȤȦ ȖȚȗțșȚȐȓ
șȍȉȍ Ȋșȍ ȋȘȍȝȐ ȐȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȝțȎȍ ȐȏȊȓȍȒ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȖșțȎȌȍȕȐȧ
ȕȖȊțȦ ȗȐȡț Ȍȓȧ șȊȖȍȑ ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȐ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȑȏ șȖȏȍȘȞȈȕȐȧ

91
șȊȖȐȝ ȋȘȍȏ Ȑ șȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȐȑ Ȓ ȌȖȉȘȖȌȍȚȍȓȐ Ȗȕ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȍȚ Ȗ
șȊȖȍȑ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȉȣȚȤ ȌȖȉȘȖȌȍȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȕȈ Ȍȍȓȍ șȐȓȈ ȊȓȦ-
ȉȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ș ȒȈȒȖȑ ȖȉȕȐȔȈȍȚ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ ȌȖȉȘȖȌȍȚȍȓȐ ȒȈ-
ȎȍȚșȧ ȍȔț ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȣȔ ȕȍȖȗȘȖȊȍȘȎȐȔȣȔ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚ-
ȊȖȔ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȝȊȈȚȐȚ ȈȒȚȐȊȕȖȑ șȐȓȣ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖȑ Ȍȓȧ
ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȓȍȕȐȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȐȌȍȈȓȈ Ƕȕ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ șȔȍȠȐȊȈȍȚ
ȋȘȍȏț ș ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤȦ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȑ ȉȖ-
ȓȍȍ ȘȈȏȋȖȘȧȟȈȍȚșȧ ȖȉȖȓȤșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȍȔ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȑ — ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȐȌȍȈȓȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌ-
șȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȥȚȖȚ ȖȉȈȧȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȖȉȘȈȏ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖȑ
ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐ șȚȖȓȤ ȉȍȌȕȖȑ ȊȖȓȍȑ șȚȖȓȤ ȉȖȋȈȚȖȑ ȟȊȈȕșȚȊȖȔ Ȑ
ȒȖȕȟȈȍȚ ȗȖȓȕȣȔ ȈȗȖȜȍȖȏȖȔ șȈȔȖȋȖ șȍȉȧ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȧ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȧș-
ȕȣȝ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȣȝ șȓȖȊȈȝ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȦȡȐȝ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȔȐȘ
ȉȍȏțȔȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȑ «ȇ — șȈȔȣȑ ȌȖȉȘȖȌȍȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ
Ȑȏ Ȋșȍȝ ȓȦȌȍȑª
ǵȍ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ ȓȐ ȊȈȔ ȥȚȖ ǮȈȕ-ǮȈȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȚȖȟȕȖ
ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȗȖȊȍȌȈȊ ȊșȍȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȍ ȉȍȏ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ șȓȈȌȖșȚȘȈ-
șȚȐȧ Ȗ șȊȖȐȝ ȋȘȍȝȈȝ ȌȍȘȏȕțȓ ȐșȗțșȚȐȚȤ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚ-
ȊțȦȡȐȑ ȒȘȐȒ ȘȈȏȕȐȞȈ ȍșȓȐ Ȑ ȍșȚȤ ȚȖ, ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ,
ȖȕȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȍȊȍȓȐȒȈ
 — ș ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ș ȚȈȒȖȑ
Ȏȍ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ" ǪȖșȚȖȘȋ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ Ȗȕ ȗȖȒȓȖȕȧȓșȧ ȌȖȉ-
ȘȖȌȍȚȍȓȐ ȕȍȘȊȐȟȍșȒȖȍ țȔȐȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȊȠȍȍ șȓȍȏȈȔȐ ȍȋȖ
ȋȓȈȏȈ ȗȘȐ ȊȐȌȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȈ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȐ ȔȣșȓȐ ȖȉȖ
Ȋșȍȝ Țȍȝ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȝ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȗȕ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȉȣ șȖȊȍȘ-
ȠȐȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȕțȠȈȓȖ ȍȔț ȗȘȍțȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ
Ȗ șȊȖȍȑ ȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȣșȖȚȍ ǮȈȕ-ǮȈȒ țȔȍȓ ȖȗȤȧȕȧȚȤșȧ
ȉȍȏ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ
ǹȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȋ ȈȕȈȓȐȏȍ ȥȚȖȑ ȗȖȉȍȌȖȕȖșȕȖȑ
ȔȖȕȖȔȈȕȐȐ" ǶȉȢȧșȕȧȚȤ ȓȐ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȔȖȑ ȋȍȘȖȑ ȗȖȌ
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍȔ ȧȌȈ șȒȖȘȖ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ țȎȍ ȞȍȕȚȘȖȔ ȔȐȘȖȏȌȈ-
ȕȐȧ" DzȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ Ȗȕ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȎȐȊȣȔ ȌȖȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȔ ȌȖ
ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȒȘȈȑȕȖșȚȐ ȊȖȗȓȖȡȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖșȓȖȊȐȞȣ ȟȚȖ șȚȘȈșȚȤ
Ȋșȍ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚ Ȓ șȈȔȖȑ șȍȉȍ" Ƕȕ țȊȍȘȖȊȈȓ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȌȖȉȘȖȌȍȚȍȓȤ
Ȑ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȋȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȓȐ țȋȈȌȈȚȤ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ Ȋșȍ-
ȋȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ" Ǫșȍ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȣ șȚȈȓȐ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȖȔ
ȊȕțȠȍȕȐȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȠȍȊȍȓȧȚ Ȋ ȕȍȔ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȔȐȘ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ —
ȉȖȓȍȍ ȧȘȒȐȝ ȎȐȊȣȝ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȚȖȕȒȐȝ ȟȍȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȓȐȉȖ Ȑ ȒȈȒ
ȉȣ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȝ ȔȈȋȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȓȈȒȖȔ ©ȅȚȐ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȣȍ ȋȖȘȖ-

ȌȈ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗȕ — ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȣȍ ȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȋȘȖȔȖȏȌȧȚ-
șȧ ȌȘțȋ ȕȈȌ ȌȘțȋȖȔ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȕȈ ȌȍȒȖȘȈȞȐȐ — ȥȚȐ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȍ
șțȌȈ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȌȈȝ ȘȍȑȌȈ Ȋ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȉȍȏ-
ȌȍȓȤȍ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȦȡȐȍ ȕȈȠț ȔȣșȓȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȗȓȣȊȍȔ
Ȕȣ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț șȟȈșȚȤȦ" — ȥȚȐ ȔțȏȍȐ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȐȊȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȜȖȘȔȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖȗȤȧȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȒȘȈșȒȈȔȐ — ȥȚȐ ȉȐȉȓȐȖ-
ȚȍȒȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȖȉȘȈȕ ȚȘțȌ ǵȈțȒȐ Ȑ ȔȍȟȚȈȕȐȧ Ǵțȏȣ — ȥȚȐ
ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȣ șȓȐȊȈȦȡȐȍ șȊȖȐ ȋȖȓȖșȈ ȊȖȍȌȐȕȖ — ȥȚȐ ȖȉȖȓȤ-
șȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȍȡȍ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȈȍȚșȧ
ȐșȒțșȕȣȔȐ ȚțȈȓȍȚȈȔȐ Ȑ șȒȘȖȔȕȖșȚȤȦ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈ — Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ
ȉȣȓȖ șȖȏȌȈȕȖ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ Ǭȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȟȍșȚȊȖ ȚȘțȌȐȓȖșȤ ȔțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȗȘȐȕȖșȐȓȖ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȎȍȘȚȊț
— ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖșȓțȎȐȚȤ ȗȐȡȍȑ, pabulum, ȔȖȍȔț ȕȍȕȈșȣȚȕȖȔț
șȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ȊȖȓȕțȦȡȐȔ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧȔ Ȓ ȏȕȈȕȐȦ Ȓ ȒȘȈ-
șȖȚȍ!» ȇ ȗȘȖȗțșȒȈȦ ȏȊȍȕȤȧ șȖȒȘȈȡȈȦ ǵȐȒȖȔț țȎȍ ȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ, ȜȈȚȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ
ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȍȚ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȋ ȔȖȏȋț ȔȍȟȚȈȚȍȓȧ ©ȇ șȚȈȓ ǩȖȋȖȔ», — ȟȚȖ
ȌȐȒȐȑ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȟȕȣȑ ȒȘȐȒ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȋȘțȌȐ ș ȚȈȒȖȑ
șȐȓȖȑ ș ȚȈȒȖȦ ȗȖȚȘȧșȈȦȡȍȑ ȔȖȡȤȦ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ
Ȑ ȊȍȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȓȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ
șȐȓȖȑ ȥȚȖȚ ȒȘȐȒ ȕȐȏȊȍȘȋ ȉȣ ȈȕȋȍȓȖȊ ȉȓțȎȌȈȦȡȐȝ ȗȖ ȗț-
ȚȧȔ ȕȍȉȍșȕȣȔ ©ȇ — ǩȖȋª ǵȖ șȒȖȘȖ ȥȚȖȚ țȘȈȋȈȕ ȋȖȘȌȣȕȐ
ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȚȐȝȖȋȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȖȋȖ țȔȐȘȖȚȊȖȘȍȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȉȓȈȎȍȕșȚȊȈ Ȑ Ȋșȍ șțȡȍȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȍȚ Ȋ ȖȒȘȈșȒȍ Ȑ ȖșȊȍ-
ȡȍȕȐȐ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȈȌșȒȖȑ ȏȈȘȐ ǭșȓȐ Ȋ ȌțȠe ȏȓȖșȟȈșȚȕȖȋȖ
șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȞȈ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȗȘȖȔȍȓȤȒȕȍȚ șȔțȚȕȖȍ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ
Ǩ ȕȍ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ǩȖȋ" — ȉțȌȤȚȍ țȊȍȘȍȕȣ ȟȚȖ
Ȗȕ ȋȖȘȌȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȍȚ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȉțȌȍȚ ȖȚșȚȈȐ-
ȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȐ ȗȘȈȊȈ Ȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ țșȚțȗȐȚ ȍȔț DzȈȒȖȑ ȥȚȖ ȜȘȈȕ-
ȞțȏșȒȐȑ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜ ȊȣșȔȍȐȊȈȧ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȍ țȟȍ-
ȕȐȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ ©ȇ ȉȖȋ ȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȗȖȖȉȍȌȈȊȠȐȑª" ȅȚȈ
ȐȘȖȕȐȧ ȕȐȔȈȓȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȌȍȓȈ ȉȣ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȡȍȋȖșȧ ȊȖ
ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ Ȗȕ ȗȘȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȉȣ ©ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ
ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȗȖȖȉȍȌȈȓ ȕȖ ȧ — ǩȖȋª

93
V. ǰȉǰǼDzȉ
ǵȖ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ țȎȈșȕȖȍ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȘȈșșȓȈȉȓȍȕȕȣȍ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȍ
ȖȘȋȈȕȣ țȗȈȊȠȐȍ ȕȍȘȊȣ ȡȍȒȖȟțȡȐȍ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȣ ȗȓȈȟȈ ȕȍ-
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȖȚȌȈȚȤșȧ șȐșȚȍȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ — Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ Ȏȍ-
șȚȖȒȖ ȌȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȊȈȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ Ȋ ȏȈȗȘȍȡȍȕȕțȦ ȐȋȘț
ǩȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȈȧ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȈ ȓȐȠȍȕȕȈȧ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȍȌȣȌț-
ȡȍȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȚ ȕȈ ȋȘțșȚȕȣȍ ȖșȚȈȚȒȐ ȗȐȘȠȍșȚȊȈ Ǫ ȖșȖ-
ȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȈ ȊȖȓȧ șȈȔȈȧ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȈȧ Ȑȏ Ȋșȍȝ șȗȖ-
șȖȉȕȖșȚȍȑ ǫȖȊȖȘȧȚ — Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȊȍȘȕȖ — ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ Ȋȍȡȍ-
șȚȊȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȧȍȋ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȌȈ ȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȔ
șȓțȟȈȍ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȌȈ
ǵȖ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȍȗȘȐȋȖȌ-
ȕȖȋȖ Ȓ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖȋȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȤ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ
Ȋșȍ ȟȓȍȕȣ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍȊȘȍȌȐȔȣ" Ǵȣ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ
ȏȕȈȍȔ ȗȘȐȘȖȌț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȑ ȔȖȎȍȔ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ,
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȏȈ ȓȖȎȒț ȊȈȘȍȕȤȧ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȉȓȈȋȈ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȐ Ȑ ȕȍȉȈ ȕȍ șȚȈȕȍȚ Ȑ ȚȣșȧȟȕȖȑ ȌȖȓȐ Ȑȝ ȌȖȉȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȚȘțȌȖȔ.
ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȓȐ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȍ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȖȗȤȧȕȧȓȐșȤ ȉȣ ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ" DzȈȒȖȊȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȣ ȥȚȐ
ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȍ ȥȚȐ ȊȖȐȕȣ ȥȚȐ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȌȈȚȍȓȐ ǬȈȎȍ ȕȈ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ
ȋȌȍ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȚȈȒ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕȖ ȍșȚȤ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȈ
Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȏȈȗȘȍȡȍȕȖ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȍ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ Ǫ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ȗȖȌ șȚȘȈȝȖȔ ȌțȝȖȊȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȕȍ
ȌȖȏȊȖȓȍȕȖ ȐȏȔȍȕȧȚȤ ȖșȕȖȊȕȣȍ țșȓȖȊȐȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȧ Ȑ ȕȈȘțȠȈȚȤ ȘȈȊȕȖȊȍșȐȍ ȔȍȎȌț șȊȖȐȔȐ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȧȔȐ
Ȑ ȚȖȑ șȘȍȌȖȑ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȍȔț șțȎȌȍȕȖ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȚȤ șȍȉȧ șȓȖ-
ȊȖȔ — ȕȍ ȌȖȏȊȖȓȍȕȖ ȐȏȔȍȕȧȚȤ șȊȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȌ-
ȟȐȕȧȧșȤ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȜȈȚȈȓȤȕȣȔ șȐȓȈȔ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ǪșȗȖȔ-
ȕȐȔ ǴȍȓȤȔȖȚȈ ȥȚȖȚ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȖȉȘȈȏ ǭȋȖ țȎȈșȕȣȍ
șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȐȐ ȔȍȎȌț ȍȋȖ ȟțȌȍș-
ȕȣȔȐ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȧȔȐ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȕȣȔȐ Ȋ șȌȍȓ-
Ȓȍ ș ȌȤȧȊȖȓȖȔ Ȑ ȚȖȑ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȖȑ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȗȕ ȒȈȒ șȖȏ-
ȌȈȕȐȍ ǩȖȎȐȍ ȖșțȎȌȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȎȐȚȤ ǰ ȕȐȒȚȖ Ȑȏ Țȍȝ ȒȖȋȖ Ȗȕ
ȗȣȚȈȍȚșȧ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȐȚȤ ȕȍ șȖȋȓȈȠȈȍȚșȧ ȒțȗȐȚȤ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈ Ȑȝ
Ȏȍ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ ȍȋȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȈ. Ǫ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ

94
ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȖȚȊȍȘȋȈȦȡȐȑ țșȓȖȊȐȧ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȗȘȖȌȈȍȚ șȊȖȦ
ȌțȠț dzȍȋȒȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ șȖȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȌȍȔȖȕȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ
ȖȉȘȈȏȈȔȐ ȗȖȥȏȐȐ Ȑ ȎȐȊȣȔȐ șțȡȍșȚȊȈȔȐ ȗȘȍȌȈȊȠȐȔȐșȧ
țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȦ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȦȡȐȝ șȘȍȌșȚȊ ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓ șȚȈȚȤ
ǩȖȋȖȔ Ȑ ȊȖȚ Ȋ șȐȓț ȕȍțȓȖȊȐȔȖȋȖ ȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȒȖȕȈ Ȗȕ
ȗȈȓ ȕȐȎȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ ȅȚȖ ȌțȠȈ ȗȘȖ-
ȌȈȦȡȈȧ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȘȖȏȕȐȞț
ǩȈȓȤȏȈȒ, ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ, ȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȚ Ȍȓȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȍȋȖ șȚȣȌȈ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȎȋțȟȍȋȖ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ ȒȈȒ ȖȚȘȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȖȚ
șȊȖȍȑ ȊȖȓȐ ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȏ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȐ ȋȌȍ ȘȍȟȤ
ȠȓȈ Ȗ ȟțȌȍșȕȖȔ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȐ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ Ƕȕ șȓțȠȈȓ Ȑ ȘȈșșȗȘȈȠȐ-
ȊȈȓ ș țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ dzȦȌȐ ȏȕȈȊ-
ȠȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȑȔțȚ ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȥȚȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȚȤ
ȍȋȖ ǵȖ ȐȌȍȧ ȕȍȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȧ ȊȖȏȔțȡȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ
ǭȔț ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓȐ ȌȈȊȈȔȍșȒȈ Ȗȕ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȕȦȝȈȓ Ȑ
ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȓ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ǩȖȘȤȉȈ ȔȍȎȌț ȍȋȖ ȗȖ-
ȟȚȐ ȌȍȚșȒȐȔ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ Ȑ ȖȚȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍȔ Ȓ ȗȖȚȍȘȍ ȊȖȓȐ
ȐȏțȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȧȘȒȖ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ
ǿțȊșȚȊȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚȊȈ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȓȖ Ǫ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍ-
ȓȍ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȥȚȖȚ ȚȍȖȘȍȚȐȒ ȊȖȓȐ ȥȚȖȚ
ȌțȝȖȊȕȣȑ ȉȓȐȏȕȍȞ dzțȐ dzȈȔȉȍȘȚȈ șȖȋȓȈșȐȓșȧ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ
ȝȖȚȤ ȖȚ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȑ ȟȈșȚȐȞȣ ȥȚȖȑ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȖȑ șțȉșȚȈȕȞȐȐ.
ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ țșȓțȋȐ ȖȒȈȏȈȕȕȣȍ ȥȜȐȘȖȔ
Ȑ ȝȓȖȘȖȜȖȘȔȖȔ — Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ș ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ șȗȐ-
ȘȐȚțȈȓȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȐȐ ȚȈȒȖȍ Ȏȍ ȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȖșțȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȐȔȖ ȒȖ ȊșȍȔ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȧȔ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ șȚȘȍȔȧȚșȧ țȔȍȕȤȠȐȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒțȦ șȊȖȉȖȌț Ȑ ȕȍȐȏ-
ȉȍȎȕȖȍ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȍ ǵȍ ȉȍȏ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȊȖșȝȐȡȍȕȐȧ Ȋȣșȓț-
ȠȈȓ ȧ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȗȈȘȈȌȖȒș ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȊȠȍȋȖ
Ȕȕȍ Ȗ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȑ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȉȣȓȈ șȌȍȓȈȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȔț
ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȔț ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓț Ȋ ȅȓȤ-ǨȋțȈȚȍ Ȑ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȖ-
șȓȍȌȕȐȑ țȔȍȘ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȝȓȖȘȖȜȖȘȔ ȅȚȖȚ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ ȉȣȓ
ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȘȈȉȘȣȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȚȖȋȖ — ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ Țȍȝ
ȌțȠ Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȧȍȚșȧ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȍ ȘȣȞȈȘ-
șȚȊȈ ©ǭȔț ȕțȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȕȍ ȝȓȖȘȖȜȖȘȔ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȖȜȐȞȍȘ — Ȉ
ȊȏȖȘȣ Ȋșȍȑ ȈȘȔȐȐ Ȑ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȈȧ ȔțȏȣȒȈ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ
Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȣ șȗȈșȍȕª ǽȐȘțȘȋ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȓ ȔȕȍȕȐȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȖȜȐ-
ȞȍȘȈ ȕȖ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȖȑ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒ ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȉȣ Ȋ

95
ȊȖșȝȐȡȍȕȐȍ ȖȚ ȍȋȖ ȟțȊșȚȊ
ǩȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȐȏȓȐȠȕȍ ȗȖșȓȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȥȚȐȝ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȑ ȘȈșȗ-
ȘȖșȚȘȈȕȧȚȤșȧ Ȗ ȉȍȏȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȍ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ
ǹȘȈȊȕȦ ȓȐ ȧ ȍȋȖ ș șȈȔȖțȉȐȑșȚȊȖȔ ș ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȣȔ șȈȔȖțȉȐȑ-
șȚȊȖȔ ș ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȚȚȖȟȍȕȕȣȔ Ȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȒȘȖȊȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔ șȔȍȘ-
ȚȖȕȖșȕȣȔ ȖȘțȎȐȍȔ — ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȘȈȏțȔȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȍ șȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ǻȗȖȌȖȉȓȦ ȓȐ ȧ ȍȋȖ ȟȈȘȖȌȍȑșȚȊț ȔȈȋȐȐ
ȗȣȚȈȦȡȐȔșȧ — ȗȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȊșȍȐșȞȍȓȧȦ-
ȡȐȝ șȘȍȌșȚȊ ȓȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȐȓȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȖȌȐȕȈ-
ȒȖȊȖ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ — ȌȖșȚȐȋȕțȚȤ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȕȍȌȖșȚțȗȕȖȑ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒț ȐȓȐ ȌȖșȚțȗȕȖȑ ȓȐȠȤ ȚȖȔț ȒȚȖ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȣȔ
ȍȍ — ȕȐ ȖȌȕȈ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜșȒȐ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȕȈȧ ȌțȠȈ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȘȋȕȍȚ
ȥȚȖȋȖ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȧ ǭșȓȐ ǾȍȘȒȖȊȤ ȖșțȎȌȈȍȚ ȔȈȋȐȦ Ȑ ȒȖȓȌȖȊ-
șȚȊȖ ȚȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȊȖșșȚȈȦȚ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏ-
ȕȈȟȍȕȐȑ ǩȖȎȤȐȝ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȦȚ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȑ ȝȖȚȧȚ șȌȍ-
ȓȈȚȤ ȐȏȓȐȠȕȐȔȐ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ țșȓȖȊȐȑ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȕȘȈȊ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȟȐșȚȖȚț ȚȖȋȌȈ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ ǾȍȘȒȖȊȤ șȟȐȚȈȍȚ ȏȈȒȖȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȐșȚȐȕȕȣȔȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Țȍ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍ-
Țȍȕȣ țșȐȓȐȧȔȐ ȌȖȉȘȖȑ ȊȖȓȐ Ǵȣ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔ ȔȖȠȍȕȕȐȒȖȔ
ȐȋȘȖȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȈȠȍȓ șȗȖșȖȉ ȊȍȘȕȖȋȖ ȊȣȐȋȘȣȠȈ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ-
ȏȖȊȍȔ Ȕȣ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȋȘȖȠȍȑ
ȒțȗȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ Ȑ ȋȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȖșȚȤ" ǺțȚ șȈȔȈ ȉȍȏȖȠȐȉȖȟ-
ȕȖșȚȤ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȉȍȏȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȔȈȧ ȉȍȏȖȠȐȉȖȟȕȖșȚȤ ȔȈȋȐȐ ȕȈȓȈȋȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ȈȌșȒțȦ
ȗȍȟȈȚȤ
ǵțȎȕȖ ȓȐ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȓȧȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȋȈȠȐȠ ȒȈȒ Ȋșȍ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȍ
ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȤ ȉȍșȗȖȓȍȏȕȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ
Ȉ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ — ȐȏȓȐȠȕȐȔ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ ȗȖȉțȎȌȈȧ ȍȍ Ȓ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕ-
ȕȖȔț șȈȔȖȊȖșȝȐȡȍȕȐȦ ȚȖȓȒȈȧ ȍȍ ȐȏȖ Ȍȕȧ Ȋ ȌȍȕȤ Ȓ ȒȘȈȦ ȚȖȑ
șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȍȑ ȉȍȏȌȕȣ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚ șȊȖȍ ȖȚȘȈȎȍ-
ȕȐȍ — ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ǵȈȘȞȐșșȈ
ǵȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȊȏȈȔȍȕ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚȊȈ ȟȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ
Ȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ ȊȖȓȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȐȏȊȓȍȟȤ Ȑȏ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȉȖȓȤ-
ȠȐȍ ȌțȝȖȊȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȐȔ ȒȈȒ șȊȖȍ-
ȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȔȣșȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȏȔȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȞȍȕȕȣȔ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕ-
ȚȖȔ" ǪȖȚ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȕȕȍ ȟȈșȚȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ șȓȣȠȈȚȤ,
— Ȑ ȧ ȖȚȊȍȟț ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ǪȖ-ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȒȈȒ ȧ țȎȍ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȘȈȏȢȧșȕȐȓ ȋȈȠȐȠ ȗȘȖȉțȎȌȈȍȚ Ȋ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ

96
șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐ ǷȘȈȊȌȈ
ȥȚȖ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȊȖȏȊȍ-
ȌȍȕȕȣȔ Ȋ ȒțȉȐȟȍșȒțȦ șȚȍȗȍȕȤ Ȑ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȚȣȔ ȌȖ șȊȖȐȝ
ȊȣșȠȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȖȊ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȓȍȎȐȚ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȦ ȟȚȖ
ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ Ȗ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȚȖȔ ȕȍ ȐșȟȍȏȈȍȚ ȗȖ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȐ ȖȘ-
ȋȐȐ ȚȖ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ ȥȚȐȝ țȚȐȓȐȚȈȘȐșȚȖȊ ȒȈȎțȚșȧ ș ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ
ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈ ȕȍ ȓȐȠȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȑ ǵȖ ȧ ȗȖȗȘȖ-
Ƞț Ȑȝ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȖȕȐ
ȘȈșșȟȐȚȣȊȈȦȚ ȐȏȊȓȍȟȤ ȚȈȒțȦ ȗȖȓȤȏț Ȋ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ
ȖȚȕȦȌȤ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ
ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȔ ȖȉȓȈȟȍȕȐȐ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖȔ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȖȑ ȔȐȠțȘȖȑ ǶȕȐ
ȚȧȋȖȋȍȦȚ șȒȖȘȍȍ Ȓ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȟȍȔ Ȓ ȕȍȉț Ȑ ȖȉȧȏȈȕȣ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ ȌȖȓȍȑ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ ȚȖȔț ȕȍȘȊȕȖȔț ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȦ ȚȖȑ
ȎȈȌȕȖșȚȐ ș ȒȈȒȖȑ ȕȈȠ ȘȈȏțȔ ȕȈȉȘȈșȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ Dz ȚȖ-
Ȕț Ȏȍ ȥȚȈ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈ ȊȍȘȚȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȘȖȟȕȖȔ ȒȘțȋț ȌȖȗțșȚȐȔ
ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț ȟȚȖ ȋȈȠȐȠ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȈȍȚ ȐȓȐ ȗȖ
ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ țșȐȓȐȊȈȍȚ ȚȊȖȘȟȍșȒțȦ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ — ȕȖ ȊȍȌȤ
ȖȕȐ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȦȚ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȍ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȓȍȎȐȚ Ȗș-
ȓȈȉȓȍȕȐȍ ȊȖȓȐ Ȑ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ Ȗȕ ȌȈȍȚ ș ȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ
ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȖȚȕȐȔȈȍȚȍ Ȉ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ — ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȦ
— ȉȍȏ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȍȦ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈ-
ȊȐȊ șȍȉȍ ȌȈȎȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȖȊȒȖȋȖ Ȑ șȐȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ
Ȗȕ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȐȏȉȍȋȕțȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȈȓȤȚȍȘȕȈȚȐȊȣ — ȕțȎȕȖ ȗȖȌț-
ȔȈȚȤ ȍȡȍ Ȗȉ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ — ȘȖȒȖȊȖȑ țȎȈșȕȖȑ ȖȗȈș-
ȕȖșȚȐ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȖȑ șȖ ȊșȧȒȐȔȐ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȈȔȐ ǪșȧȒȈȧ ȗȘȐȊȣȟ-
ȒȈ șȒȖȘȖ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȤ DzȚȖ șȚȈȕȍȚ ȗȘȐȉȍ-
ȋȈȚȤ Ȓ ȧȌț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȔȣșȓȐȚȤ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȕȍ șȔȖȎȍȚ ȔȣșȓȐȚȤ ȉȍȏ
ȧȌȈ ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚȍ ȓȐ Ȋȣ șȍȉȍ țȎȈșȕțȦ șțȌȤȉț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ȗȈȘȈȓȐȏȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȖȓȍȍ
ȜțȕȒȞȐȖȕȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȉȍȏ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȐȓȐ ȖȗȐȧ"
B ȜȐȓȖșȖȜșȒȐȝ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧȝ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ ȘȈȏțȔ
ȗȖȌȘȈȎȈȧ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȦ ȏȊȍȏȌ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȖȗȐșȈȚȤ ȒȘȐȊțȦ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȈȧ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ Ȓ ȚȖȟȒȍ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ǹȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȏȈȒ-
ȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȏȈȊȍȘȠȐȚȤ ȒȘțȋ ȇ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ țȎȍ Ȋ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ Ȗ
ȚȖȔ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ
Ȍțȝ ȗȖȊȍȘȋȈȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȖșȖȉȖȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȚȤȦ ȧ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ,
șȚȘȍȔȧșȤ ȖȒȘȣȓȐȚȤ șȊȖȐ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ Ȑ țȕȍșȚȐșȤ Ȋ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟ-
ȕȖșȚȤ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȓ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȘȈȕȈȝ Ȑ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ ȋȖ-

ȘȧȟȍȟȕȖȍ ȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȒȖ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ șȕȈȌȖȉȤȧȔ ȕȍ ȐșȒȓȦ-
ȟȈȧ Ȑ ȊȘȍȌȖȕȖșȕȣȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȧ ȍȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȔȖ-
ȋțȚ ȝȖȚȤ ȕȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ ȍȔț ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȘȈȑ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȔȍȚ Ȋșȍȝ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȎȌȍȓȍȕȐȑ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȧȚțȡȐȑșȧ Ȍțȝ ȉȍșșȖȏȕȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȕȖșȧȡȐȑșȧ Ȓ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȈȔ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȈȌȈ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚ-
ȊȖȊȈȓ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ȗȍȘȊȖȘȖȌȕȖȔ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȐ ǵȖ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȍ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȍȕ ȕȍ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȐȠȍȕ ȟȍșȚ-
ȕȣȝ șȘȍȌșȚȊ Ȍȓȧ ȌȖșȚȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȕȍȉȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȍȔț ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ
ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐȉȍȋȈȚȤ Ȍȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȓ ȘȈȏȕȣȔ șȕȈȌȖȉȤȧȔ Ȑ Ȓ ȒȖȓȌȖȊ-
șȚȊț ȍȔț ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍȚ ȕȈȌȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȌțȠț ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȖȗȤȧȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȓȈșȒȐ Ȑ ȉȓȈȋȖșȒȓȖȕȕȖșȚȤ
ȋțȘȐȑ ǿȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȘȈȑ Ȓțȗȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȞȍȕȖȑ ȊȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȉȓȈȎȍȕ-
șȚȊȈ" ȇ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦ șȍȉȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȈȏȖȊȍȔ ȓȐ Ȕȣ ȍȋȖ ȉȘȈ-
ȔȐȕȖȔ ȗȖȥȚȖȔ ȐȓȐ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕșȒȐȔ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȖȔ
 ȕȈ ȊȍȘȠȐȕȍ
ȌțȝȖȊȕȖȋȖ ǶȓȐȔȗȈ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȕȍȋȖ — Ȕțȏȣ ǸȈȜȈȥȓȧ Ȑ ǴȈȕȚȍ-
ȕȤȐ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȧ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȖșȚȈȝ Ȑ țșȍȘȌ-
ȕȣȝ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȈȝ ȗȘȍȌȈȦȚșȧ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȍȑȠȐȔ ȚȈȕȞȈȔ ȖȉȘȈ-
ȡȈȦȚ Ȓ ȕȍȔț șȈȔȣȍ ȕȍȎȕȣȍ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣ șȈȔȣȍ ȖșȓȍȗȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȣȍ țȓȣȉȒȐ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ǨȗȖȓȓȖȕ ȊȓȈȌȣȒȈ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȏȕȈ-
ȕȐȧ ǨȗȖȓȓȖȕ ǼȘȈȕȒȈȊȐȓȓȣ ǨȓȤȉȍȘȚȈ ǬȦȘȍȘȈ ǫȖȓȤȗȐțșȈ
— ȐȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ — ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȓȐ ȘȈȊȕȖ"
ǸȈȏȊȍ ȕȍȚ șȊȖȍȋȖ ǨȗȖȓȓȖȕȈ ț ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ
ȌȖșȚȖȐȕ ȥȚȖȋȖ"
 ȓȈșȒȈȍȚ șȊȖȐȔ șȔȣȟȒȖȔ șȈȔȣȍ ȚȖȕȒȐȍ șȚȘț-
ȕȣ ȍȋȖ ȌțȠȐ ǪȕȐȏț ț ȗȖȌȕȖȎȐȧ ȋȖȘȣ șȘȍȌȐ ȚȍȘȕȐȑ Ȑ ȋȘȧ-
ȏȐ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ șȚȈȌȖ ȐȓȖȚȖȊ ȒȖȘȟȐȚ ȋȘȐȔȈșȣ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍ-
ȕȐȑ ȐșȗțșȒȈȍȚ ȘȍȊ — ȗȖȌ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍȔ ȧȌȖȊȐȚȖȋȖ ȏȍȓȤȧ Ȑ ȗȖȥȚ
șȖ șȒȖȘȉȤȦ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ©ȅȚȐ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȍ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȊȠȐȍ ȕȐ
ȗȖșȚȈ ȕȐ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ Ȑ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȊȠȐȍșȧ ȖȚ ȐșȒțȗȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȚȘț-
ȌȈ ȕȈȌȍȦȚșȧ ȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȖȔ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȔȈȋȐȐ șȘȈȏț ȗȖȌȕȧȚȤșȧ
ȕȈ șȊȍȘȝȢȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȊȣșȖȚț ǴȈȋȐȧ ȐȏȌȍȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈȌ ȕȐ-
ȔȐ Ȑ ȏȈȎȐȋȈȍȚ Ȍȓȧ ȕȐȝ ȖȋȕȐ ȓȖȎȕȖȋȖ șȟȈșȚȤȧ Ȑ ȓȖȎȕȖȋȖ
ȗȘȖșȊȍȚȓȍȕȐȧ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ȗȖȥȚȣ Ȑ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȣ ȌȖ-
șȚȐȋȓȐ ȊȖȏȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȌțȠȐ țȗȖȘȕȣȔ ȚȘțȌȖȔ Ȑ șȖȏȍȘȞȈȕȐȍȔ
ȕȍțșȚȈȕȕȣȔ țȗȘȈȎȕȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȖȓȐ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌșȚȊȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕ-
șȚȊȖȔ șȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȐȑ Ȕȣ șȖȏȌȈȓȐ Ȍȓȧ șȍȉȧ șȈȌ ȐșȚȐȕȕȖȑ ȒȘȈ-
șȖȚȣ ǷȈȔȧȚțȧ șȓȖȊȈ ȋȓȈșȧȡȐȍ ȟȚȖ ȊȍȘȈ ȌȊȐȋȈȍȚ ȋȖȘȈȔȐ
Ȕȣ șȖȚȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȚȖ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȟțȌȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȌȖȏȊȖȓȍȕȖ
ȕȈȔ șȈȔȐȔ ǩȖȋȖȔª

©ǫȈȠȐȠª ȥȚț ȗȖȊȍșȚȤ ȕȍ ȧ șȖȟȐȕȐȓ
ǶȕȈ ȘȖȌȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȊȖșȚȖȒȍ
ȇ ȓȐȠȤ șȈȔȖȘȖȌȖȒ-ȈȓȔȈȏ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȓ
ǰ ȉȓȍșȒ ȍȔț ȌȈȓ ȖȋȕȍȖȒȐȑ
ǷȘȖȑȌțȚ Ȋ ȕȍȑ șȖȉȣȚȤȧ ȟȘȍȌȈ ȏȈ ȟȘȍȌȖȑ
ǺȈȒ Ȋ ȗțȚȤ Ȏȍ șȔȍȓȍȍ ȟȐȚȈȚȍȓȤ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȑ
ǫțșȚȈȊ ǫȘȐȔȔ

102
I
Ǫ ǨȓȎȐȘȐȐ Ȋ ȋȖȘȈȝ ǹȉȈȝȈ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋț ȖȏȍȘȈ ǴțȘȐȕ ȌȈȊ-
ȕȖ Ȋ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ ȎȐȓ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȑ Ȑ ȔțȌȘȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
Ƕȕ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓșȧ — ǨȒȉȈȘ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ȗȓȍȔȍȕȐ ȒȈȉȐȓȖȊ
șȐȓȤȕȖȔț ȌȐȒȖȔț Ȑ ȔțȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔț ȕȈȘȖȌț ȖȉȐȚȈȊȠȍȔț Ȋ
ȋȖȘȈȝ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȞȍȕȐȊȠȍȔț șȊȖȉȖȌț ȥȚȖȚ ȕȈȘȖȌ șȈȔ Ȋȣ-
ȉȐȘȈȓ șȍȉȍ ȊȖȎȌȍȑ ǹȓȈȊȈ ǨȒȉȈȘȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȒ ȊȍȓȐȒȈ ȟȚȖ ȖȌ-
ȕȈȎȌȣ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȐȏȉȘȈȕ ȊȖȎȌȍȔ ȐȓȐ ȈȔȐȕȖȔ ǬȖȓȋȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ
țȗȘȈȊȓȧȓ ǨȒȉȈȘ șȊȖȐȔ ȕȈȘȖȌȖȔ ș ȔțȌȘȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐ-
ȊȖșȚȤȦ ȕȍ ȚȧȋȖȚȧșȤ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȏȈȉȖȚȈȔȐ ȉȍȏ ȗȘȐșȚȘȈșȚȐȧ Ȑ ȒȖ-
ȘȣșȚȖȓȦȉȐȧ Ȑ ȒȈȉȐȓȣ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȐ ȞȍȕȐȚȤ ȓȦȉȐȚȤ Ȑ țȊȈȎȈȚȤ
șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȧ
ǹȓȈȊȈ Ȗ ȍȋȖ ȔțȌȘȖșȚȐ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȐȓȈșȤ ȚȈȒ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȟȚȖ
ȌȈȎȍ ȋțȉȍȘȕȈȚȖȘ șȖșȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȐșȗȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȊȓȈȌȍȕȐȧ ǶȘȈȕȈ ȋȖȘ-
Ȍȣȑ ȐșȗȈȕșȒȐȑ ȋȘȈȕȌ ȕȍ ȋȕțȠȈȓșȧ ȈȔȐȕȈ ǨȒȉȈȘȈ Ȑ ȊȖ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȐȝ șȓțȟȈȧȝ ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȧ ȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ șȖȊȍȚȈ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȊȍșȕȖȑ ǴȐȘȈȉ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ, ȒȈȒ Ȑ ǨȒȉȈȘ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌ-
ȕȣȑ ȊȖȎȌȤ șȖșȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȈȘȈȉșȒȖȋȖ ȗȓȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȓ ȌȖȔț
ǨȒȉȈȘȈ Ȋ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȓțȋȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖ-
șȚțȟȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȘȖȚȈ ǪȖȎȌȤ ȐȓȐ ȗȖ ȈȘȈȉșȒȖȔț ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȦ, ȒȈȐȌ
ǴȐȘȈȉ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐȕȧȚ ǨȒȉȈȘȖȔ șȖ ȊșȍȔȐ ȏȕȈȒȈȔȐ țȊȈȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑ
ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȐșȣȊȈȓȖ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȍ ȋȖșȚȍȗȘȐȐȔșȚȊȖ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȖȉȈ ȔțȎȈ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȌȖȓȎȕȖȍ
ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȐȍ ǨȒȉȈȘ țșȈȌȐȓ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȋȖșȚȧ ȕȈ ȔȧȋȒȐȍ ȠȍȓȒȖ-
ȊȐșȚȣȍ ȒȖȊȘȣ Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
— DzȈȒȖȑ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȑ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖșȚȐ ȖȉȧȏȈȕ ȧ ȊȣșȖȒȖȔț ȗȖ-
șȍȡȍȕȐȦ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȒȈȐȌȖȔ ǴȐȘȈȉȖȔ" Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȚȊȖȍ ȗȘȐȉȣ-
ȚȐȍ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖ ȧ ȊȐȎț ȗȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȦ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ
ȔȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȋȖșȚȤ
DzȈȐȌ ș țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȗȖȋȓȈȌȐȓ șȊȖȦ ȌȓȐȕȕțȦ ȉȍȓțȦ ȉȖȘȖȌț
Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
— ǷȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȍ ȕȍ ȖȉȔȈȕȣȊȈȍȚ Țȍȉȧ ȈȔȐȕ ǨȒȉȈȘ —
ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖȍ Ȑ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȍ Ȑȏ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȝ
ȗȘȐȊȍȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ Țȍȉȍ ǶȚ ȊșȍȋȖ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȧ ȊȍȘȦ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȖ șȟȈ-
șȚȓȐȊȖ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș ȖȉȖȐȝ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȠȤ ȓȐ Țȣ ȔțȌȘȍȞ ȌȖȋȈ-
ȌȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ?

103
— ȇ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ— ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǨȒȉȈȘ, — ȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȓȦȉȐȚȍȓȤ
ȚȘțȌȕȣȝ ȏȈȌȈȟ, ȕȖ ȊȍȌȤ Țȣ ȕȍ ȌȈȍȠȤ Ȕȕȍ ȏȈȋȈȌȒȐ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȈȘȈȉ, — ȚȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȎț Țȍȉȍ Ȑș-
ȚȖȘȐȦ
— ǶȚȓȐȟȕȖ — ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ǨȒȉȈȘ, — ȧ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȓȦȉȐȚȍȓȤ
Ȑ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȝ ȐșȚȖȘȐȑ. ǸȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȑ
— ǷȖșȚȈȘȈȑșȧ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȍȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȌȖȑȌț ȌȖ ȒȖȕ-
ȞȈ ǰȚȈȒ șȓțȠȈȑ
DzȈȐȌ ȕȈȟȈȓ șȊȖȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ
— ǹȘȍȌȐ ȈȘȈȉșȒȖȋȖ ȗȓȍȔȍȕȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȖȌȕȈ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚ-
ȕȈȧ ȌȖȉȘȈȧ Ȑ țȔȕȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ǶȕȈ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȗȖȌ ȉȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ
ȗȘȐșȔȖȚȘȖȔ Ȋ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȣȝ șȈȌȈȝ ȍȍ ȖȚȞȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȓȦȉȐȚ ȍȍ
Ȑ ȝȘȈȕȐȚ ȒȈȒ ȏȍȕȐȞț ȖȒȈ ǶȕȈ ȘȍȏȊȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȈȊȈȧșȤ
ȕȍȊȐȕȕȣȔ ȐȋȘȈȔ, ȏȕȈȧ Ȗ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑȏ șȒȈȏȖȒ Ȑ ȘȈșșȒȈ-
ȏȖȊ. ǪȍȘȕȈȧ șȓțȎȈȕȒȈ ȍȍ ȕȍțșȚȈȕȕȈȧ ȀȍȝȍȘȍȏȈȌȈ ȘȈșșȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȍȑ Ȑȝ ǶȚ ȕȍȍ țȏȕȈȍȚ ȖȕȈ Ȗ ȟțȎȐȝ ȏȍȔȓȧȝ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȝ
ȕȈȘȖȌȈȝ Ȗ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȑ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȖȌȊȐȋȈȝ ǰ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ș ȋȖȘȧȡȐ-
ȔȐ ȖȚ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ șȓȍȌȐȚ ȏȈ ȗȖȓȍȚȖȔ ȗȘȐȝȖȚȓȐ-
ȊȖȑ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȐ ȘȈșȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȍȑ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȑ ȌȐȊȕȣȍ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ
ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔțȦ ȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǺȈȒ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȖșȤ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȖȒȈ ȖȕȈ
ȕȍ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȓȈșȤ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ș ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȔ Ȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȣȔ
ȦȕȖȠȍȑ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ șȣȕȖȔ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȚȈȓ
ȟȈșȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȚȤșȧ ș ȕȍȦ țȍȏȎȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȕȈ ȖȝȖȚț
ǸȈșșȒȈȏȟȐȒ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ
— ǵț ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ" ǬȈȓȤȠȍ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ǨȒȉȈȘ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚ-
șȚȊȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȚȘȖȕțȚȖ
— ȇ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȒȈ șȈȔȈȧ ȖȉȣȒȕȖ-
ȊȍȕȕȈȧ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȒȈȐȌ — ǴȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȓȦȌȐ ȗȖȓȦȉȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋ
ȌȘțȋȈ ȏȈȉȣȊ ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ DzȖȘȖȚȒȖ Ȑ ȧșȕȖ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ — ȔȖȧ ȌȖȟȤ
ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ȦȕȖȠȈ — ȚȊȖȑ șȣȕ ǨȓȐ
dzȍȋȒȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ șȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȈ ȗȖ ȓȐȞț ǨȒȉȈȘȈ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈ-
ȊȈȓșȧ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȔ ȗȖȒȈ ȈȘȈȉ ȕȍ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȘțȠȐȚȤ
ȥȚȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ
— ǶȚȊȍȚȤ Ȏȍ ȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ ȓȐ Țȍȉȍ ȥȚȈ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ"— șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ
— Ǻȣ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǨȒȉȈȘ. — ǷȖȏȊȖȓȤ ȗȘȍȎ-
Ȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȖȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȚȤ Țȍȉȧ ȏȈ ȚȊȖȐ ȌȘțȎȍșȒȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȏȈ
ȗȖȝȊȈȓț ȔȖȍȔț șȣȕț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȗȕ ȏȈșȓțȎȐȊȈȍȚ. ǵȍ ȌțȔȈȑ
ȟȚȖ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȖȚȞȖȊșȒȖȍ ȗȘȐșȚȘȈșȚȐȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȧ

104
ȏȕȈȦ Ȟȍȕț ȔȖȍȔț șȣȕț Ƕȕ ȔȖȍ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȌȐȚȧ ȔȖȍ șȖ-
ȒȘȖȊȐȡȍ Ȑ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍȚ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȍȋȖ
șȟȈșȚȤȧ.
— ǰ ȧ ȗȘȐȕȍș ȍȔț ȍȋȖ — ȗȘȍȘȊȈȓ ȘȍȟȤ ǨȒȉȈȘȈ ȒȈȐȌ ǴȐ-
ȘȈȉ — ǭȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȔȖȧ ȌȖȟȤ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ȥȚȖ ȘȖȏȈ ȉȓȖȋȖț-
ȝȈȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȍȚ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ ȔȖȑ ȌȖȔ DzȓȧȕțșȤ ȉȖ-
ȘȖȌȖȑ ȗȘȖȘȖȒȈ Ȑ Țȣ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ Ȕȕȍ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȗȘȈȊ-
Ȍț ǷȘȖȚȐȊ ȖȉȣȟȈȧ ȧ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȓ Țȍȉȍ șȊȈȚȖȔ ǰȝ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ șȐȓȤ-
ȕȍȍ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȊȖȓȐ ȖȕȐ șȒȖȘȍȍ țȔȘțȚ ȟȍȔ ȘȈșșȚȈȕțȚșȧ ǸțȒȈ ș
ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȧ ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȐȓ Ȑȝ șȖȦȏ Ȑ
ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȗȘȖȠț Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ț Țȍȉȧ ǨȓȐ șȈȔ ȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ.
ǯȈșȚȍȕȟȐȊȖșȚȤ ȔȍȠȈȍȚ ȍȔț ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ Țȍȉȍ șȈȔȖȔț Ȑ
ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȉȖȐȚșȧ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȖȚȒȈȏ Ȑȏ ȚȊȖȐȝ țșȚ
— ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȧșȕȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ȏȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȍ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȈȔȐȕ ǨȒȉȈȘ — DzȈȒ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȑ ȉȘȖȌȐȚ Ȗȕ
ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȌȖȔȈ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȍȚ șȈȔ ș șȖȉȖȦ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȊȖ-
ȗȘȖșȣ ǺȖ Ȗȕ ȐȡȍȚ țȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȧ ȚȖ ȉȘȖșȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȖȝȖȚț ȐȡȍȚ
ȘȈȏȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȑ ȇ ȌțȔȈȓ ȌȈȎȍ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȉȖȓȍȕ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋșȍ
ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓȖșȤ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȤȦ ȉȣȓȈ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ
— ǫȖȊȖȘȐ Ȏȍ «ȌȈ»! — ȋȖȘȧȟȖ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȒȈȐȌ
— ȅȚȖ ȚȘțȌȕȖ
— DzȈȒ" ǸȈȏȊȍ Țȣ ȐȔȍȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ Ȕȍȕȧ ȔȖȍȑ
ȌȖȟȍȘȐ ȐȓȐ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȗȓȍȔȍȕȐ" — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȒȈȐȌ.
— ǸȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ǵȖ ǨȓȐ ȒȈȉȐȓ Ȉ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ȈȘȈȉȒȈ,
șȖȦȏ Ȑȝ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȍșȓȣȝȈȕȕȣȔ ȝȖȚȧ ȖȕȐ ȌȍȚȐ ȊȖȎȌȍȑ ȈȔȐȕȈ
Ȑ ȒȈȐȌȈ
— ǵȖ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȖȉȈ ȗȓȍȔȍȕȐ ȕȍ ȖȌȐȕȈȒȖȊȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȐ" ǶȕȐ
ȎȐȊțȚ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ ș Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȋț ȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ ȝȖȚȧ ȗȈ-
șȚțȝȐ ȊșȚțȗȈȦȚ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȔȍȎȌț șȖȉȖȑ Ȋ ȘȈșȗȘȐ
— ǵȖ ȥȚȖȚ șȖȦȏ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȖȉȣȟȈȧ
— ǿȚȖ ȖȉȣȟȈȑ ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ ȍȔț ȕțȎȕȖ, ȒȈȒ ȐȌȖȓț, ȗȘȐȕȖ-
șȐȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ ȎȍȘȚȊȣ"
— ǸȈȏȊȍ Țȣ ȕȍ ȟȚȐȠȤ ȖȉȣȟȈȍȊ ȗȘȍȌȒȖȊ"
— ǵȍȚ ȖȉȣȟȈȍȊ ȍșȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȐ.
— ǵȖ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȈ — ȏȈȊȍȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȊȧȚȖ ȟȚȐȚșȧ Ȟȍȓȣȍ
șȚȖȓȍȚȐȧ
— dzȦȉȖȊȤ ȍȡȍ șȊȧȚȍȍ
— ǬȈȎȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȊȖșșȚȈȍȚ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ șȚȈȘȣȝ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȊ"

105
— ǯȈȒȖȕȣ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȍȡȍ șȚȈȘȍȍ
— ǯȕȈȟȐȚ Țȣ șȚȈȊȐȠȤ ȊȣȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ"
— ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȖșȊȧȡȈȍȚ Ȋșȍ
— Ǵȕȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȣ ȚȊȖȐ ȘȍȟȐ
— ǰ ȧ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȦ ȔțȌȘȖȋȖ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖȋȖ ȈȔȐȕȈ ǨȒȉȈȘȈ
— ȇ ȉȖȦșȤ ȟȚȖ șȖȦȏ ȒȈȉȐȓȈ ș ȈȘȈȉȒȖȑ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȉȓȈȋȖ-
șȓȖȊȍȕ ȕȍȉȖȔ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȍșȍȚ ȋȖȘȍ.
— ǩȖȓȤȠȍȍ ȋȖȘȍ ȉțȌȍȚ, ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȕȍ șȖșȚȖȐȚșȧ Ȑ ȕȍ șȖș-
ȚȖȐȚșȧ ȗȖ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȊȐȕȍ ǵȍȓȤȏȧ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȐȚȤșȧ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȘȍȠȍȕȖ șțȌȤȉȖȑ ǺȊȖȑ ȖȚȒȈȏ ȗȖșȍȍȚ ȊȘȈȎȌț ȔȍȎȌț ȌȊțȔȧ
ȔȐȘȕȣȔȐ ȌȘțȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȓȍȔȍȕȈȔȐ ȊȖȏȋȖȘȐȚșȧ ȊȖȑȕȈ
ǷȖȌțȔȈȑ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȝ ǰ Ȋ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȗȘȍ-
ȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ
ǨȔȐȕ ǨȒȉȈȘ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖșȚȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȠȈȋȈ-
ȔȐ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȗȖȋȓȈȎȐȊȈȧ șȊȖȦ ȌȓȐȕȕțȦ șȍȌțȦ
ȉȖȘȖȌț Ƕȕ ȓȦȉȐȓ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȣȕȈ ȗȖ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ
ȎȍȕȐȚȤȉȣ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȈȘȈȉȒȍ
— Ǻȣ ȗȘȈȊ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȊȖȍȔț ȋȖșȚȦ. — ǷțșȚȤ
ȔȍȎȌț ȕȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȘȈȏȘȈȏȐȚșȧ ȋȘȖȏȈ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȖȋȐȉȕțȚ ȕȍ-
ȊȐȕȕȣȍ ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȚȊȖȧ ȌȖȟȤ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȈȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ Ȑ ȊȗȖȓ-
ȕȍ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȈ ȔȖȍȋȖ șȣȕȈ dzȦȌȧȔ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȐȌȚȐ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ șțȌȤ-
ȉȣ ǴȖȦ ȋȘțȌȤ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȍȚ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȕȖ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȒȖȗȖȠȐȚșȧ Ȑ
ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊȐȍ.
— Ǩ ȧ ȊȐȎț Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ș
ȖȌțȠȍȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȒȈȐȌ — ǪȖȚ ȔȖȧ ȘțȒȈ ȌȈȑ Ȕȕȍ șȊȖȦ ȌȘțȋ!
— ǪȖȚ ȖȕȈ ǰȚȈȒ șȊȈȌȤȉȈ ȘȍȠȍȕȈ Ȑ ȌȈ ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȐȚ Ǩȓ-
ȓȈȝ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ
ǶȉȈ ȊȖȎȌȧ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ ȗȖȎȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȘțȒȐ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȉȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓȐșȤ ȒȈȐȌ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ șȣ-
ȋȘȈȚȤ ȗȈȘȚȐȦ Ȋ ȠȈȝȔȈȚȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȊȓȍȟȤ ȈȔȐȕȈ ȖȚ ȚȘȍȊȖȎ-
ȕȣȝ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ
— ȇ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȈȔȐȕ.
— Ǻȣ ȐșȒțșȕȣȑ ȔȈșȚȍȘ ȥȚȖȑ ȐȋȘȣ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȈȔȐȕț
ȒȈȐȌ — Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ șȘȈȏȐȚȤșȧ
ǨȔȐȕ ǨȒȉȈȘ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȋȖșȚȧ Ȋ șȖșȍȌȕȦȦ ȒȖȔȕȈ-
Țț ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȔȖȏȈȐȟȕȣȍ șȚȖȓȣ Ȍȓȧ ȠȈȝȔȈȚȕȖȑ ȐȋȘȣ ș ȜȐ-
ȋțȘȈȔȐ Ȑȏ șȓȖȕȖȊȖȑ ȒȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȖȉȈ ȖȗțșȚȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȒȖȊȘȣ DzȈȐ-
Ȍț ǴȐȘȈȉț ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȐȋȘȈȚȤ ȉȍȓȣȔȐ Ȑ Ȗȕ ș ȋȖȘȧȟȕȖșȚȤȦ

106
șȌȍȓȈȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȝȖȌȖȊ ǨȔȐȕ ǨȒȉȈȘ ȕȈȖȉȖȘȖȚ ȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȑȋ-
ȘȈȓ ȊȌțȔȟȐȊȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȖȉȌțȔȣȊȈȧ șȊȖȐ ȝȖȌȣ ȕȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȟȚȖ-
ȚȖ ȔȍȠȈȓȖ ȍȔț șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȐȋȘȍ Ȑ Ȗȕ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȕȍșȒȖ-
ȓȤȒȖ ȖȗȓȖȠȕȖșȚȍȑ
— Ǻȣ ȘȈșșȍȧȕ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȍȔț ȒȈȐȌ — ǪȖȏȤȔȐ șȍȉȧ Ȋ
ȘțȒȐ ǺȊȖȧ ȚțȘȈ Ȋ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȍȠȒȖȑ ȧ ȌȍȓȈȦ ȠȈȝ ȚȊȖȍȑ
ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊȍ
— ǵȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȟȐȚ ȧ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȦ ȍȍ ȒȖȕȍȔ.
— ǰȌȍȚ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ȚȊȖȑ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ
ǶȕȐ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐ ȐȋȘț ǪȘȍȔȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ ȌȖȔȈ
ȗȖȋȓȈȎȐȊȈȓ ȘțȒȖȑ șȊȖȦ ȌȓȐȕȕțȦ ȉȍȓțȦ ȉȖȘȖȌț Ȑ țșȚȘȍȔ-
ȓȧȓ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȘȈșȒȘȣȊȈȓșȧ ȟțȌȕȣȑ ȓȈȕȌ-
ȠȈȜȚ DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȎȐȌȈȓ ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ
ǰȋȘȈ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈșȤ țȎȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȟȈș Ȑ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈ ȗȖȉȍȌȣ
ȒȖȓȍȉȈȓȈșȤ ș ȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋțȦ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȒȈȐȌ ȏȈ-
ȕȧȓ ȋȖșȗȖȌșȚȊțȦȡȍȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ
— ǭȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȉțȌȤ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȍȍ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ — Ƕ
ȟȍȔ Țȣ ȌțȔȈȍȠȤ" ǹȔȖȚȘȐ ȠȈȝ ȒȖȘȖȓȦ
— ȇ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȦ ȍȋȖ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȖȔ
— ǶȗȧȚȤ ȠȈȝ
— ȇ ȖȚȖȌȊȐȋȈȦ ȍȋȖ ȕȈȏȈȌ
— ǰ Ȗȕ ȗȖȋȐȉ
— ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȐȔ ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ǬȈ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȔȈȚ Ǻȣ ȗȖȉȐȓ
Ȕȍȕȧ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȌȊȈ ȘȈȏȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȈȔȐȕ ǨȒȉȈȘ ȔȧȋȒȐȔ ȌȊȐ-
ȍȕȐȍȔ ȘțȒȐ șȔȍȠȐȊȈȧ ȜȐȋțȘȣ. — ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȐ ȊȖȚ ȐȌȍȚ ȔȖȑ
șȣȕǶȉȈ șȚȈȘȞȈ ȊșȚȈȓȐ Ȑ ȗȖȌȖȑȌȧ Ȓ ȖȒȕț țȊȐȌȍȓȐ ǨȓȐ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȔ Ȑ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȔ ȈȘȈȉșȒȖȔ ȎȍȘȍȉȞȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈ-
ȡȈȓșȧ ș șȖȒȖȓȐȕȖȑ ȖȝȖȚȣ șȉȖȒț ȚȖȎȍ ȗȘȣȋȈȓȐ ȌȊȍ ȋȖȕȟȐȍ
șȖȉȈȒȐ ǪșȈȌȕȐȒ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ șȘȖșȠȐȔșȧ șȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȒȖȕȍȔ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȑ ȗȖșȓțȠȕȖ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȓ ȊȖȓȦ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ. ǨȓȐ ȓȦȉȖȊ-
ȕȖ ȋȓȈȌȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȋȓȧȕȞȍȊȐȚȖȑ Ƞȍȍ Ȑ ȋȖȘȌȍȓȐȊȖ șȐȌȍȓ Ȋ șȍȌ-
ȓȍ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȎȈȓ Ȓ ȌȖȔț ȈȔȐȕ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȖȚșȚțȗȐȓ ȖȚ ȖȒ-
ȕȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȌȈȚȤ ȋȖșȚȦ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ șȊȖȉȖȌț ȓȦȉȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȒȘȈșȐ-
ȊȣȔ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȍȔ DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȍȔț ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ șȔȖȚȘȐ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȑ ț Ȕȍȕȧ șȣȕ
ǰ ȒȈȐȌ ȓȦȉȖȊȈȓșȧ ȥȚȖȑ șȞȍȕȖȑ ǹȓțȋȈ Ȋȏȧȓ ț ǨȓȐ ș Șț-
ȒȈȊȐȞȣ șȖȒȖȓȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ Ȋȏȧȓ șȖȉȈȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ș ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȔ

ȓȈȍȔ ȉȘȖșȈȓȐșȤ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕț ȚȘȍȚȐȑ Ȋȏȧȓ ȗȖȌ țȏȌȞȣ
ȒȖȕȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȊȍșȚȐ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȒȖȕȦȠȕȦ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ǨȓȐ
șȖșȒȖȟȐȓ ș șȊȖȍȋȖ ȓȦȉȐȔȞȈ ǺȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȋȌȍ
Ȋ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȐ ȖȎȐȌȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȌȊȈ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȧȔ Ȑ șȚȘȖȍȕ,
ȒȈȒ ȒȍȌȘ Ȑ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȍ ȞȊȍȓȈ ȊȍșȕȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȍ
ȗȓȍȟȐ Ȑ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȍ ȔȣȠȞȣ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ țȔȍȕ ȒȘȍȗȖȒ Ȑ șȐȓȍȕ
ȒȈȒ ȋȍȘȖȑ ǻȒȘȖȡȈȚȤ ȒȖȕȍȑ Ȑ ȖȝȖȚȐȚȤșȧ ȏȈ ȓȤȊȈȔȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȍȋȖ
ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȍȔ ǬȈȓȍȒȐȍ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ Ȋ ȟțȎȐȍ
ȏȍȔȓȐ ȘȈȏȊȐȓȐ Ȋ ȕȍȔ țȔ Ȑ ȓȦȉȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ƕȕ ȍȌȊȈ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȠȍȓ Ȑȏ ȦȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȔțȎȍșȚȊȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȘȈșȖȚȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ șȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȐȚșȧ țȎȍ ȖȗȈșȕȖȑ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ
ȗȖȒȈ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȍ ȗȖȓȦȉȐȓ ǯȦȓȍȑȒț dzȦȉȖȊȤ ȚȈȒ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȈ
ȐȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȐ ȏȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȚȈȓșȧ ȉȣ Ȗȕ ș ǯȦȓȍȑȒȖȑ
ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ Ȍȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȕȍȉȖ Ȑ ȈȌ
— ǷȘȍȒȘȈșȕȍȑȠȐȑ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȍȑȠțȦ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕț — ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ǴȐȘȈȉ ȖȚȝȖȌȧ ȖȚ ȖȒȕȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ
ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȚȤ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȠȍȋȖ ǨȓȐ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȑ ȕȐȏȒȖ ȗȖ-
ȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ȖȚȞț Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ Ȗ ȗȘȐȉȣȚȐȐ ȒȈȐȌȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ
ȍȋȖ șȘȈȏț ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ǴȐȘȈȉ șȚȖȧȓ Ȋ ȚȍȕȐ ȌȘȈȗȐȘȖȊȒȐ ǨȔȐȕ
ǨȒȉȈȘ ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ șȣȕț Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȊȏȧȊ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȘțȒț:
— ǹȔȖȚȘȐ ǨȓȐ ȏȌȍșȤ ȖȚȍȞ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȕȍȊȍșȚȣ
ǷȖȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ ǨȓȐ șȚȖȧȓ ȒȈȒ Ȑȏ-
ȊȈȧȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓȐșȤ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȔȈȚ-
ȘȐȊȈȓ ȚȖ ȕȈ ȖȚȞȈ ȚȖ ȕȈ ȒȈȐȌȈ ȕȍ șȔȍȧ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ șȊȖȍȑ ȘȈȌȖ-
șȚȐ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȋ ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȖȔ ȗȖȘȣȊȍ Ȗȕ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȖȋȈȔ
șȊȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ
— ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȚȊȖȦ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Țȣ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȚȈȐȓ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț șȚȈȘȐȒ, — ȊȖȏȤȔȐ Ȏȍ ǯȦȓȍȑȒț Ȑ ȌȈ ȉȓȈ-
ȋȖșȓȖȊȐȚ ȊȈș ȊșȍȔȖȋțȡȐȑ ǨȓȓȈȝ — ǰ Ȗȕ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ șȊȖȐ ȘțȒȐ
ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț șȣȕȈ
ǹ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȟȈșȈ ȉȘȈȒ ȔȍȎȌț ǨȓȐ Ȑ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȖȑ ȉȣȓ ȘȍȠȍȕ

109
II
Ǫ ȥȚȖ șȈȔȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ șȈȌț ȊȔȍșȚȍ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ
șȓțȎȈȕȒȖȑ Ȑ ȖȚȟȈșȚȐ ȗȖȊȍȘȍȕȕȖȑ ȔȈȊȘȐȚȈȕȒȖȑ ǴȐȘȞȍȑ
ȖȕȈ ȖȎȐȌȈȓȈ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ ǴȐȘȞȈ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ
ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈ ȍȑ șȒȈȏȒȐ ȕȖ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ șȓțȠȈȓȈ Ȑȝ ȘȈșșȍȧȕȕȖ.
ǹ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ țșȓȣȠȈȓȈ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȐȧ ǨȓȐ ȘȈș-
șȒȈȏȣ ǴȐȘȞȣ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓȐ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍș DzȈȒȐȍ ȉȣ
ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ ȕȐ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȚȣȊȈȓȐ ȖȕȐ Ȋ ȍȍ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ — ȒȘȈșȒȐ
Ȑȝ ȉȓȍȌȕȍȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȖȑ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȖȑ ȗȈȕȖȘȈȔȖȑ ȒȈȒțȦ ȖȚȒȘȣ-
ȊȈȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȦ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ
— ǴȐȘȞȈ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓȈ ȖȕȈ, — ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȓȐ Țȣ ȒȈȒ șȓȈȌ-
ȒȖ ȓȦȉȐȚȤ ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȥȚȖ Ȑ șȒȈȎț Țȍȉȍ ȓȦȉȐȚȤ — ȏȕȈȟȐȚȤ Ȋșȍ
ȗȖȚȍȘȧȚȤ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋșȍ ȕȈȑȚȐ ǰ ȧ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȇ ȓȦȉȓȦ
ǨȓȐ ǭȋȖ ȘȍȟȐ șȓȈȡȍ ȔȍȌȈ ȕȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ Ȗȕ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȓ
Ȕȍȕȧ șȊȖȐȔ ȗȍȕȐȍȔ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȕȕȍ șȊȖȐ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȐȧ,
Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȤȦ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȇ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓȈ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȊȖȓȦ
ȎȍȓȈȦ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ǨȓȐ ȉȣȓ ȔȖȐȔ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȇ șȟȈ-
șȚȓȐȊȈ ȕȍȊȣȘȈȏȐȔȖ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȈ Ǵȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ
șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȞȊȍȚțȚ ȘȖȏȣ
ȗȖȦȚ șȖȓȖȊȤȐ ȗȖȘȝȈȦȚ ȉȈȉȖȟȒȐ Ƕ ǴȐȘȞȈ ȧ ȚȈȒ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȈ
ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț Țȍȉȍ ȊȣșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ǰȌȍȔ Ȏȍ ȉțȌȍȔ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȊȔȍ-
șȚȍǩȣșȚȘȣȔȐ ȠȈȋȈȔȐ ȗȖȠȓȈ ȖȕȈ Ȑȏ șȈȌȈ ȓȍȋȒȈȧ Ȑ ȋȘȈȞȐȖȏ-
ȐȈȧ ȒȈȒ ȋȈȏȍȓȤ ǶȕȈ șȉȘȖșȐȓȈ ș șȍȉȧ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȖ ȖșȚȈȊȠȐșȤ
ȗȖȓțȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȣ ȍȍ ȚȍȓȈ ȚȈȒ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȐȊȕȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȐ
ȟȚȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȔȈȊȘȐȚȈȕȒȈ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ șȒȈȓȐȓȈ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ șȊȖȐ
ȉȍȓȣȍ ȏțȉȣ ǶȕȐ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ ȕȈ ȚȍȘȘȈșț țȒȘȈȠȍȕȕțȦ ȊȖȏȌțȠ-
ȕȖȑ ȔȈȊȘȐȚȈȕșȒȖȑ ȘȍȏȤȉȖȑ Ȑ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȣȔȐ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔȐ ȗȈ-
ȓȤȔȈȔȐ
— ȇ ȝȖȟț ȏȌȍșȤ ȚȈȕȞȍȊȈȚȤ. — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ. — ǩȍȑ Ȋ
ȚȈȔȉțȘȐȕ ǴȐȘȞȈ
ǹȓțȎȈȕȒȈ șȍȓȈ ț ȘȍȠȍȚȒȐ ȊȏȧȓȈ ȚȈȔȉțȘȐȕ Ȑ șȚȈȓȈ ȖȚ-
ȉȐȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȚȈȒȚ ȆȕȈȧ ȈȘȈȉȒȈ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȈșȤ ȚȈȕȞȍȊȈȚȤ ǴȈ-
ȓȍȑȠȍȍ ȍȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȓȕȖ ȋȘȈȞȐȐ ȎȈȎȌȈȧ ȍȍ ȗȖȏȈ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț ǴȐȘȞȈ ș ȊȖșȝȐȡȍȕȐȍȔ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ
șȊȖȦ ȋȖșȗȖȎț Ȑ ȌțȔȈȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȣ ǨȓȐ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ

110
țȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ǶȕȈ ȗȖȊȖȌȐȓȈ ȉȍȌȘȈȔȐ ȗȓȈȊȕȖ ȖȒȘțȋȓȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȈ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ ȚȖȟ-
ȕȖ Ȋ ȐșȚȖȔȍ șȒȓȖȕȧȓȈșȤ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȐȏȋȐȉȈȧșȤ șȊȍȘȒȈȧ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ
șȓȖȊȕȖ ȔȈȕȧ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȓȈ ȌȍȓȈȓȈ ȗȘȣȎȖȒ
ȒȘțȎȐȓȈșȤ ȖȚȟȍȋȖ ȓȍȋȒȈȧ ȒȐșȍȧ ȕȈȒȐȕțȚȈȧ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȗȓȍȟȐ Ȑ
ȋȘțȌȤ ȊȏȌȣȔȈȓȈșȤ ȗȈȘțșȖȔ Ȑ ȋȘȈȞȐȖȏȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȑȏ
șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȕȍșȓȈșȤ ȗȖ ȚȍȘȘȈșȍ ȕȈ ȒȖȕȟȐȒȈȝ ȠȐȚȣȝ
ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ ȚțȜȍȓȍȒ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȓȣȓȈ ȕȖ ȊȖȏȌțȝț
Ǫșȍ ȟȈȡȍ Ȑ ȟȈȡȍ ȉȐȓ ȚȈȔȉțȘȐȕ Ȋșȍ Ȗȋȕȍȕȕȍȍ Ȑ ȎȐȊȍȍ
șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȚȈȕȍȞ ǫȓȈȏȈ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȐ ȐșȒȘȐȓȐșȤ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȍ ȋțȉ-
ȒȐ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȠȐșȤ ȏȈșȚȣȓȐ Ȋ țȓȣȉȒȍ Ȑ ȋȘțȌȤ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȗȖȌȕȐ-
ȔȈȓȈșȤ ȗȖȘȣȊȐșȚȣȔȐ ȊȏȌȖȝȈȔȐ ǪșȗțȋȕțȚȣȍ Șȍȟȕȣȍ ȋȖȓțȉȐ
ȒȘțȎȐȓȐșȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȕȍȍ ȌȖȗȖȓȕȧȧ ȥȚț ȊȖȏȌțȠȕțȦ ȗȓȧșȒț
— Ǩȝ ǷȖȟȍȔț Țȍȉȧ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ǨȓȐ — ȊȣȘȊȈȓȖșȤ ț
ȔȈȊȘȐȚȈȕȒȐ
— ǺȈȕȞțȧ ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ Ȗ ȕȍȔ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȏȌȍșȤ
șȖ ȔȕȖȦ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ
ǴȐȘȞȈ țȊȓȍȒȓȈșȤ șȈȔȈ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȟȈȡȍ Ȑ ȟȈȡȍ ȉȐȓȈ Ȋ ȚȈȔȉț-
ȘȐȍ țșȒȖȘȧȧ ȚȈȒȚ ȚȈȕȞȈ Ȑ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȧ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȉȍȏțȔȕțȦ ȗȓȧ-
șȒț ǴȍȕȈȌȣ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈ ȚȍȘȘȈșț ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȉȍȎȈȓȈ șȓțȎȈȕȒȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ
— ǫȖșȗȖȎȈ DzȈȐȌ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȐȚ Țȍȉȧ Ȓ șȍȉȍ
ǹ ȕȐȔ ǨȓȐ șȣȕ ȈȔȐȕȈ
ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ǴȐȘȞȈ ȖȚȓȖȎȐȓȈ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț șȊȖȑ
ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚ
— ȇ șȍȑȟȈș ȗȘȐȌț — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ȗȖȒȘȈșȕȍȊȠȈȧ
ȖȚ ȉȣșȚȘȖȋȖ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ. — ǶȌȍȊȈȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ǴȐȘȞȈ
ǹȓțȎȈȕȒȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȗȖȌȈȓȈ ȍȑ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȖ șȕȖȊȈ șȒȘȣȊȠȍȍ
ȗȖȌ șȖȉȖȦ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȣȍ ȜȖȘȔȣ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ Ȑ ǯȦ-
ȓȍȑȒȈ ȊȖȠȓȈ Ȋ ȌȖȔ ȋȌȍ ȍȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȓȐ ȖȚȍȞ Ȑ ǨȓȐ ǫȘțȌȤ ȍȍ
ȗȖȘȣȊȐșȚȖ ȊȏȌȣȔȈȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȚȈȕȞȈ Ȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȣȓȐ Ȗȗțȡȍȕȣ ȊȕȐȏ.
ǶȕȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ǨȓȐ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȖȋȖȕȤ Ȋșȗȣȝ-
ȕțȓ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȊȣȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ
DzȈȐȌ ș țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȗȘȍȘȊȈȓ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ
— ǫȓțȗȣȍ ȌȍȚȐ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȐȔ ȕțȎȕȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ
Ȗȕ — ǸȈȌțȑșȧ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓȐ ȖȚ ȖȚȞȈ ǨȓȐ
ǶȕȈ ȊȏȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ

111
— ǫȖȊȖȘȐ Ȏȍ ǨȓȐ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȒȈȐȌ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȧ ǨȓȐ
ȏȈ ȘțȒț Ȓ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȍ
— ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ — ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ǨȓȐ Ȋ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖȔ ȗȖȘȣȊȍ, —
ȖȚȍȞ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ Țȍȉȍ ȟȚȖ șȟȐȚȈȍȚ Țȍȉȧ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȍȍ
Ȑ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȍȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȌȍȊțȠȍȒ Ȑ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȍȋȖ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȚșȧ ȘȈȌȖ-
șȚȤȦ ȍșȓȐ Țȣ ȌȖȟȍȘȤȦ ȊȖȑȌȍȠȤ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȋ ȌȖȔ
Ǫ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț Ȑȝ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖȔ ȗȖȘȣ-
Ȋȍ Ȑȝ ȗȖȊȓȍȒȓȖ ȌȘțȋ Ȓ ȌȘțȋț ȖȉȖȐȔ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȕȈ ȕȍ-
ȉȍ. ǰ ǨȓȐ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȓ Ȗȕ șȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ șȊȖȍȑ
ȕȍȊȍșȚȍ Ȗȉȕȧȓ șȍ șȐȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȋțȉȣ șȓȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ
ȏȕȖȑȕȖȔ ȗȖȞȍȓțȍ
— ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ — ȌȖȉȘȖȌțȠȕȖ ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȒȈȐȌ — ȊȗȍȘȍ-
ȌȐ ȍȡȍ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȞȍȓțȍȊ
ǶȕȐ ȖȚȖȠȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȈ Ȑ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ Ȋ ȌȍȊȐȟȤȍȔ șȔț-
ȡȍȕȐȐ țȌȈȓȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț
ǶșȚȈȚȖȒ Ȍȕȧ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȊȍȓȈ Ȋ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȔ țȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȐ ȖȚȌȈ-
ȊȈȧșȤ șȓȈȌȒȐȔ ȔȍȟȚȈȔ Ȗ ȉțȌțȡȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ǨȓȐ ȖȕȈ
ȋȘȍȏȐȓȈ ȕȈȍȌȐȕȍ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȕȖȔ ȗȖȏȊȈȓȈ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ǴȐȘ-
Ȟț ǶȕȐ șȕȖȊȈ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗ ȓȦȉȊȐ
— Ǩȝ ǴȐȘȞȈ —ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓȈ ȖȕȈ, — ș ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȟȈșȖȔ Ȋșȍ
ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȑ ȉȓȐȎȍ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȉțȌȍȔ ȊȔȍșȚȍ
ǷȖȕȐȔȈȍȠȤ ȓȐ Țȣ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ" ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț Țȍȉȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȊȣșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȥȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȔțȏȣȒț ǷȘȍȒȘȈșȕȍȍ
ȍȋȖ ȕȍȚ Ȋ ȞȍȓȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ Ǩ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȗȖȍȚ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȕȍ
țșȚȖȐȚ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǹȊȖȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ Ȗȕ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȒȖȘȐȚȤ
ȝȘȈȉȘȍȑȠȐȝ ȊȖȐȕȖȊ ȏȈȊȖȍȊȈȚȤ Ȟȍȓȣȍ șȚȘȈȕȣ Ƕȕ ȊȖȓȠȍȉ-
ȕȐȒ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȍȚ
— Ǻȣ țȊȓȍȒȈȍȠȤșȧ — ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȔȈȊȘȐȚȈȕȒȈ șȒȈȓȧ
șȊȖȐ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȏțȉȣ — ǪȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ țȊȓȍȒȈȦȚșȧ
— ȇ ȕȍ țȊȓȍȒȈȦșȤ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ — ǷȖȌȖȎȌȐ
ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ Țȣ ȐșȗȣȚȈȍȠȤ ȕȈ șȍȉȍ ȍȋȖ șȐȓț Ȗȕ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȐȒ Ȑ
ȗȍȘȍȕȍșȍȚ Țȍȉȧ Ȋ ȘȈȑ Ǭȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȗȕ ȗȖȍȚ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȖȌȕȖȑ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȚȤ Ǩȝ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȕȍȊȣȘȈȏȐȔȖ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȈ ǹȟȈ-
șȚȤȍ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȌȖȉȘȣȔ Ȕȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȖșȟȈșȚȓȐȊȐȚȤ Ȋșȍȝ ȓȦ-
Ȍȍȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȕȐ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȊȔȍșȚȍ șȖ ȔȕȖȦ

ǬȖȓȋȖ ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȔȍȎȌț șȖȉȖȦ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ, ȖȚ-
ȒȘȣȊȈȧ șȊȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǴȐȘȞȈ, ȘȈȌțȧșȤ ȕȈ șȊȖȦ ȋȖșȗȖȎț ǵȈȒȖ-
ȕȍȞ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓȈ șȍȉȧ ȘȈȏȌȍȚȤ Ȑ țȓȖȎȐȚȤ Ȋ ȔȧȋȒțȦ
ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ țȎȍ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȗȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȧșȤ Ȋ șȓȈȌȒȖȑ ȌȘȍ-
ȔȖȚȍ ȔȈȊȘȐȚȈȕȒȈ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȍȑ
— Ǻȣ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈ ȕȖ ȕȍțȎȍȓȐ Țȣ ȌțȔȈȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ
ȖșȚȈȕȍȠȤșȧ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ" ǰ Ȍȓȧ Țȍȉȧ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȚȤ șȚȈȘȖșȚȤ ȚȊȖȐ
ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȗȖșȍȌȍȦȚ ȚȊȖȐ ȡȍȒȐ țȊȧȕțȚ ȋȘțȌȤ ȊȣșȖȝȕȍȚ ȊȣȗȈȌțȚ
ȏțȉȣ
— Ǽțȑ ǴȐȘȞȈ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓȈ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ, — ȏȈȟȍȔ ȋȖȊȖ-
ȘȐȠȤ Țȣ Ȕȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ" ǵȍțȎȍȓȐ Țȣ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ ȖȚȘȈȊȐȚȤ Ȕȕȍ
ȔȖȦ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ"
— ǷȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȧ ȓȦȉȓȦ Țȍȉȧ ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȧ
ȝȖȟț ȟȚȖȉȣ Țȣ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ Ȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ǹȓț-
ȠȈȑ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ ȚȈȑȕț Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ Ȋ ȌȊțȝ ȟȈșȈȝ ȝȖȌȤȉȣ ȖȚ-
șȦȌȈ șȘȍȌȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ Ȑ șȒȈȓ ȍșȚȤ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ Ȗȕ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ
ǪȈȌ ȥȓȤ DzȍȉȐȘ Ƕȕ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȟțȌȕțȦ șȐȓț ȚȖȚ ȒȚȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȊȣȒț-
ȗȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȊșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȔ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȔ ȅȚȖ
ȗȍȘȍȌ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈ ȔȈȍ ȔȖȧ ȔȈȚȤ Ȉ ȍȑ ȗȖȊȍȌȈȓȈ ȏȕȈȒȖ-
ȔȈȧ ș ȊȖȓȠȍȉșȚȊȈȔȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ȊȣȒțȗȈȑșȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ
ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȍ — Ȑ Țȣ ȕȈ ȊșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȠȤ șȊȖȦ ȒȘȈșȖȚț
ȆȕȈȧ ȕȍȊȍșȚȈ ȊȣșȓțȠȈȓȈ ȥȚȖ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȔ
— ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ Țȍȉȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ, — Țȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȖȉȘȈ ǴȐȘ-
ȞȈ ǵȖ ȕȍ ȟȈȘȣ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȏȓȣȝ ȌțȝȖȊ" ǭșȓȐ ȧ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȦșȤ ȚȊȖȍ-
ȋȖ șȖȊȍȚȈ ȕȍ ȕȈȒȈȎȍȚ ȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ǨȓȓȈȝ" ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȋ ȐșȚȖȟ-
ȕȐȒȍ șȒȘȣȚȈ ȗȖȋȐȉȍȓȤ"
— ǵȍȚ, — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ǴȐȘȞȈ, — ȥȚȖ șȊȧȚȖȑ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ ȕȈ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȗȖȟȐȍȚ ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȍȕȐȍ ǰșȗȖȓȕȐ ȟȚȖ ȧ Țȍȉȍ șȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȈ
ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ȏȈșȕțȓȈ țȉȈȦȒȈȕȕȈȧ ȋȘȍ-
ȏȈȔȐ

113
III
ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ȘȍȠȐȓȈșȤ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ șȖȊȍȚț șȊȖȍȑ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȖȑ
șȓțȎȈȕȒȐ ǴȐȘȞȣ dzȦȉȖȊȤ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ-
șȚȤȦ Ȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȚȤ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ Ȑ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȤ ȓȦ-
ȉȖȊȤ ǨȓȐ ȖȕȈ ȘȍȠȐȓȈșȤ ȊȣȒțȗȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȟțȌȍșȕȖȔ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȍ.
ǸȈȕȖ țȚȘȖȔ ȍȡȍ ȌȖ ȊȖșȝȖȌȈ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȊȣȠȓȈ ȖȕȈ Ȑȏ ȖȚȞȖȊ-
șȒȖȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȊȍȘȕȖȑ ȔȈȊȘȐȚȈȕȒȖȑ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓȈșȤ ȗȖ
ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȑ ȍȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ
ǬȖȘȖȋȈ ȠȓȈ șȘȍȌȐ ȋȖȘ ȖȘȓȣ șȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔȐ șȖ
șȒȈȓ ȉȘȖșȈȧ șȊȖȦ ȌȖȉȣȟț Ȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȈȘȐȓȐ ȕȈȌ Ȑȝ
ȋȖȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȊȖȑ ȠȈȒȈȓȖȊ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȓ ȍȍ ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȚȤ
ȕȖ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȉȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ Ȍȓȧ ǨȓȐ ȖȕȈ ȋȖ-
ȚȖȊȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȖȓȐȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȒȘȖȊȤ — ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȏȍ ȍȑ ȕȍ șȖȝȘȈ-
ȕȐȚȤ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ șȊȖȦ ȒȘȈșȖȚț" ǶȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȈșȤ ȉȣ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ǰ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ȠȓȈ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍș-
ȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȔȍȓȒȐȍ Ȑ ȖșȚȘȣȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȒȖȓȖȓȐ ȍȍ ȕȍȎ-
ȕȣȍ ȕȖȋȐ șȒȊȖȏȤ ȓȍȋȒȐȍ șȈȕȌȈȓȐȐ
ǹȖȓȕȞȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȊȣȗȓȣȓȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȖ Ȑ ȖȉȓȐȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȏȖȓȖ-
ȚȐșȚȣȔ ȗțȘȗțȘȖȔ ǩȍȏȖȉȓȈȟȕȖȍ ȋȖȓțȉȖȍ ȕȍȉȖ ȖȉȍȡȈȓȖ ȟțȌ-
ȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ
— ǴȐȘȞȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ, — ȧ ȊȐȎț ȗȖ șȖȓȕȞț ȟȚȖ
Ȕȣ ȐȌȍȔ țȎȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȟȈșȈ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ Ȕȣ ȗȘȐȌȍȔ Ȓ Ȑș-
ȚȖȟȕȐȒț"
— ǭȡȍ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȟȈș ȋȖșȗȖȎȈ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ șȓțȎȈȕȒȈ, — Ȕȣ
țșȓȣȠȐȔ ȍȋȖ ȎțȘȟȈȕȐȍ ȐȌȐ Ȏȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉȖȑșȧ ȗȖȔȕȐ ȟȚȖ Țȣ
ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȍȑȠȍȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȖȑ Ȋ ȞȍȓȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ
— ǵȖ ȧ țșȚȈȓȈ ǴȐȘȞȈ ȗȖȌȖȠȊȣ ȔȖȐ ȋȖȘȧȚ ȌȖȘȖȋȈ ȚȈȒ
ȚȘțȌȕȈ Ȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȐșȚȈ Ǵȕȍ ȟțȌȐȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ
șȔȖȚȘȐȚ
— ǸȈȏȊȍ Țȣ ȉȖȐȠȤșȧ"
— ȅȚȖ ȕȍ ȚȘțșȖșȚȤ ȕȖ ȧ ȉȖȦșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȦ ȏȈȗȘȍ-
ȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖșȚțȗȖȒ ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ ȖȚȍȞ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȧ țȠȓȈ ȚȈȒ ȌȈ-
ȓȍȒȖ ȖȚ ȌȖȔȈ
— Ƕȕ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȚ — ȗȍȘȍȉȐȓȈ ǴȐȘȞȈ, — Ȗȕ ȍȡȍ ȕȖ-
ȟȤȦ țȍȝȈȓ ȕȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȌȍȓȈȔ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȊȍȘȕȍȔșȧ ȌȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȉȣ-
ȚȐȧ. ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ țȠȓȐ Ȑ Ȗ ȕȈș ȉțȌțȚ ȌțȔȈȚȤ

114
ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȍȕșȒȖȑ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȍ ǰȌȍȔ Ȏȍ șȒȖȘȖ Țȣ țȊȐ-
ȌȐȠȤ ȟțȌȖ
ǴȈȊȘȐȚȈȕȒȈ ȊȏȧȓȈ ȏȈ ȘțȒț șȊȖȦ ȋȖșȗȖȎț Ȑ ș ȊȍșȍȓȣȔ șȔȍ-
ȝȖȔ ȗȖȊȓȍȒȓȈ ȍȍ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ
ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ȌțȔȈȧ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȔ ȖȝȖȚȕȖ ȗȖȠȓȈ
ȏȈ ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȍ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȈ
ǻȏȒȈȧ ȚȘȖȗȐȕȒȈ ȊȐȓȈșȤ șȘȍȌȐ ȌȐȒȐȝ șȒȈȓ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑȏ
ȥȚȐȝ șȒȈȓ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȝȖȎȐ ȕȈ ȏȈȔȒȐ ȗȖșȚȘȖȍȕȕȣȍ ȚȐȚȈȕȈȔȐ
ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȕȈ ȟȍȠțȑȟȈȚȣȝ ȌȘȈȒȖȕȖȊ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȗȉȍ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȊȏȖ-
ȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȠȐȕț ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȓșȧ ȟțȌȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ ȌȈ-
ȓȍȒȖ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ǰȏ ȋȘțȌȐ ǴȐȘȞȣ ȊȣȘȊȈȓșȧ ȒȘȐȒ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈ Ȑ ȖȕȈ
șȌȍȓȈȓȈ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȋȓȈȠȈȧ ǯȦȓȍȑȒț ȗȖȓȦȉȖȊȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȌȐȊȕȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȖȑ Ǫșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȏȈȓȐȚȖ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ
ǪȌȈȓȐ ȗȖȓțȒȘțȋȖȔ ȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȋȖȓțȉȣȍ ȞȍȗȐ ȋȖȘ țȗȐȘȈȧșȤ Ȋ
șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȍȍ ȕȍȉȖ ǫȓțȉȖȒȖ ȊȕȐȏț Ȋ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȑ ȘȈȊȕȐȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ
ȘȈȏȉȘȖșȈȕȣ ȎȐȓȐȡȈ ȒȈȉȐȓȖȊ Ȑ ȈȘȈȉȖȊ Dz ȥȚȖȑ ȌȖȓȐȕȍ șȗț-
șȒȈȓȐșȤ Ȑȏ ȋȖȘ ȗȘȐȝȖȚȓȐȊȣȑ țȡȍȓȤȧ ȏȈȘȖșȠȐȍ ȒțȌȘȧȊȖȑ
ȏȍȓȍȕȤȦ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ, ȒȈȒ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȕȈȧ
— ǪȏȋȓȧȕȐ ȚțȌȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȍȑ ȔȈȊȘȐȚȈȕȒȈ, — ȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȓȐ
Țȣ ȊȖȕ ȚȈȔ Ȋ șȒȈȓȐșȚȖȔ țȡȍȓȤȍ, ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȖȈȏȐș" ȅȚȖ ǪȈȌ
ȥȓȤ DzȍȉȐȘ
— ǵȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ǯȦ-
ȓȍȑȒȈ. — ǰȌȍȔ Ȏȍ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȐ șȗțșȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȌȖȓȐȕț ȕȈ ȏȍȓȍȕȖȑ ȚȘȈȊȍ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȑ șȔȈȘȈȋȌȈȔȐ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȈ ȘȖșȈ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ țȡȍȓȤȦ ȗȖ-
ȝȖȎȍȔț ȕȈ ȗȍȡȍȘț Ȑ ȏȈȘȖșȠȍȔț ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧȔȐ
— ǹȓțȠȈȑ — ȉȓȍșȕțȊ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓȈ ǴȐȘȞȈ —
Ǻȣ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȓȣȠȐȠȤ"
— ȇ șȓȣȠț ȎțȘȟȈȕȤȍ ȗȈȌȈȦȡȍȑ ȊȖȌȣ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ǯȦ-
ȓȍȑȒȈ.
— ȅȚȖ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ Țȣ șȍȑȟȈș ȍȋȖ țȊȐȌȐȠȤ
ǹȒȖȘȖ ȖȕȐ ȊȖȠȓȐ Ȋ ȓȍș ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȉȈȓȤȏȈȔȐȟȍșȒȐȔ
ȏȈȗȈȝȖȔ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ ȚȈȒ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȊȐȚȣ ȗȖȓȏțȡȐȔȐ ȘȈș-
ȚȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȟȚȖ ȕȍȗȘȐȊȣȟȕȖȔț ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȑȚȐ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȌȖ-
ȘȖȋț ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȕȐ ȌȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȋȘȖȚț Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȎȍȔ-
ȟțȎȕȖȑ ȗȣȓȤȦ ȉȐȓ ȜȖȕȚȈȕ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȝȘțșȚȈȓȤ ȊȖȌȣ
— Ǵȣ ț ȞȍȓȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ǴȐȘȞȈ — ǸȈȏȊȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȟțȌȖ Ȑ ȧ
ȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȈȊȈ"

115
ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ȐșȗțșȚȐȓȈ ȒȘȐȒ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖȌȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ
Ȑ țȕȍșȓȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȠȈȓȖȊȓȐȊȖȍ ȥȝȖ
ǪȍȒȖȊȣȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ ȖȉșȚțȗȈȓȐ ȥȚȖȚ ȎȍȔȟțȎȕȣȑ ȊȖȌȖȗȈȌ
Ȑ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȠȈȚȍȘ Ȑȝ ȓȐșȚȤȍȊ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȓ ȖȚ ȏȕȖȑȕȖȋȖ șȖȓȕȞȈ
ȝȖȓȖȌȕțȦ ȊȓȈȋț ǹȊȍȚȓȣȔ ȘțȟȤȍȔ ȉȍȎȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ șȘȍȌȐ ȗȘȐȟțȌ-
ȓȐȊȣȝ șȒȈȓ ȖȉȘȈȏțȧ ȊȖȌȖȗȈȌȣ Ȑ ȊȖȌȖȍȔȣ Ȑ ȊȓȐȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ
ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȖȏȍȘȞȖ ș ȏȖȓȖȚȐșȚȣȔ ȗȍșȟȈȕȣȔ ȌȕȖȔ ǹȖȓȕȍȟ-
ȕȣȍ ȓțȟȐ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȊȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȚȍȕȐșȚȣȑ țȋȖȓȖȒ șȒȊȖȏȤ
ȠȍȓȍșȚȧȡțȦ ȓȐșȚȊț ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȎȍȔȟțȎȕȣȝ ȉȘȣȏ-
ȋȈȝ ȐȋȘȈȓȈ ȖșȓȍȗȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȘȈȌțȋȈ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȈȧ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒț șȒȈ-
ȏȖȟȕțȦ ȒȘȈșȖȚț
ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȖȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȈȧ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȖȔ Ȉ ǴȐȘȞȈ ȚȖȘȖ-
ȗȐȓȈ ȍȍ ȘȈȏȌȍȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ șȒȖȘȍȍ șȖȑȚȐ Ȋ ȊȖȌț
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ȖȗțșȚȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȣȑ Ȕȧȋ-
ȒȐȔ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔ ȔȖȝȖȔ Ȑ ǴȐȘȞȈ șȕȧȓȈ ș ȍȍ ȕȖȋ șȈȕȌȈȓȐȐ Ȑ
ȖȚșȚȍȋȕțȓȈ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȑ ȗȖȧș ȟȚȖȉȣ șȕȧȚȤ ȍȍ ȖȌȍȎȌț
— Ǵȕȍ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȠȖȘȖȝ ȕȈ șȒȈȓȍ ȔȍȎȌț Ȍȍ-
ȘȍȊȤȧȔȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȊȌȘțȋ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ, — Țȣ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ șȓȣ-
ȠȐȠȤ"
— Ǻȍȉȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȕȈ — ȖȚ-
ȊȍȚȐȓȈ ǴȐȘȞȈ, — Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȕȍțȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ șȍȑȟȈș Ȋ
ȖȌȕȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȚșȧ Ȋșȧ ȚȊȖȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ǷȘȣȎȖȒ Ȋ ȊȖȌț
— Ȑ ȚȊȖȧ ȦȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȈ ȉțȌțȚ ȊȍȟȕȣȔȐ ǴȖȍ țȝȖ șȓȣȠȐȚ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔțȏȣȒț ȎțȘȟȈȡȐȝ șȚȘțȑ
ǫȖȊȖȘȧ ȥȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈ ȘȈȏȌȍȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȋȖșȗȖȎț
ǵȖ șȓțȝ ȕȍ ȖȉȔȈȕțȓ ǯȦȓȍȑȒț ȔȍȎȌț ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧȔȐ ȕȈ șȒȈ-
ȓȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȘȐȚȈȐȓșȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȑ ȎȈȌȕȣȔ ȊȏȖȘȖȔ șȔȖȚ-
Șȍȓ ȕȈ ȔȖȓȖȌțȦ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȥȔȐȘ ǸțșȚȈȕ ȖȝȖȚȐȊ-
ȠȐȑșȧ Ȋ ȋȖȘȈȝ Ȑ ȗȘȐȠȍȌȠȐȑ Ȓ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒț ǪȈȌ ȥȓȤ DzȍȉȐȘț
ǴȖȋțȟȐȑ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ șȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȗȕ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȊȖȑȕț Ȑ
ȖȝȖȚț ȚȖȟȕȖ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ, ȒȈȒ Ȑ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȧ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȝ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȝȈȓȍȕ Ȑ ȏȖȓ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȖȉȣȟȈȍȊ Ȑ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȊ
șȚȈȊȐȓ șȊȖȐ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȣ ȌȈȎȍ ȒȘȈșȐȊ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȍȋȖ
ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȘȚȐȓȐ ȏȓȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑ ȕȍȘȊȕȈȧ șțȌȖȘȖ-
ȋȈ ȋțȉ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ ǯȦȓȍȑȒț Ȗȕ ȗȖȌțȔȈȓ șȕȈ-
ȟȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȘțșȈȓȒȈ ǫȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓȐșȤ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȘȈ-
Ȏȍȕ ȍȍ ȒȘȈșȖȚȖȑ Ȑ ȎȈȌȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ǯȦȓȍȑȒț ǿȚȖ ȍȔț ȉȣ-

116
ȓȖ ȏȈ ȌȍȓȖ ȌȖ ȖȉȣȟȈȧ șȚȘȈȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȌȍȊțȠȒȍ ȌȖȏȊȖȓȧ-
ȓȖșȤ ȖȉȕȈȎȈȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȓȦȉȐȔȣȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ Ȗȕ
țȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȔȣȑ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ȔȈȋȐȟȍșȒȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ȏȈȉȣȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ-
ȕȖșȐȚ ȍȑ ȖșȒȖȘȉȓȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȔȖȎȍȠȤ șȔȣȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȋȖ
șȔȍȘȚȤ ǰȔ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓ ȌȍȔȖȕ Ȑ Ȗȕ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȖȟȈȘȖ-
ȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȖȑ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȐ Ǩ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈ, ȒȈȒ ȌȍȕȤ;
ȕȈ ȍȍ ȉȍȓțȦ, ȒȈȒ șȓȖȕȖȊȈȧ ȒȖșȚȤ, ȠȍȦ ȚȍȔȕȣȔȐ ȓȖȒȖȕȈȔȐ
șȗțșȒȈȓȐșȤ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȚȘȖȑȕȈ, ȒȈȒ ȗȓȈȚȈȕ șȊȍȘ-
ȒȈȦȡȐȑ șȊȖȐȔ șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȣȔ șȚȊȖȓȖȔ ȍȍ ȋțȉȣ ȉȣȓȐ, ȒȈȒ ȒȖ-
ȘȈȓȓ Ȉ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȔȍȘȞȈȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ
ȘȍșȕȐȞ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ, ȒȈȒ ȊȖȘȖȕȖȊȖ ȒȘȣȓȖ
dzȍȋȒȐȔ șȒȈȟȒȖȔ ȗȘȣȋȕțȓȈ ȖȕȈ Ȋ ȊȖȌț Ȑ ȥȔȐȘ ȊȐȌȍȓ
ȒȈȒ ȘȍȏȊȐȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ Ȋ șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȖȑ ȊȓȈȋȍ Ȋșȍ ȍȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ
ȉȣȓȐ ȗȖȓȕȣ ȉȍȏȣșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȋȘȈȞȐȐ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȌȕȐ-
ȔȈȓȈșȤ Ȑȏ ȊȖȌȣ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȈ Ȓ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔ șȊȖȐ ȘțȒȐ ș ȕȐȝ
șȣȗȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȖȊȣȍ ȒȈȗȓȐ ǶȕȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ
ȍȔț șȐȘȍȕȖȑ Ȑ Ȗȕ Ȓȓȧȓșȧ șȈȔ șȍȉȍ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȊȓȈȌȍȍȚ ȍȦ ȒȈȒȖȑ
ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȞȍȕȖȑ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȞȍȕȖȑ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ.
Ƕȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȊȍȒȐ țȚȘȈȚȐȚ ȗȖȒȖȑ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕȍȚ
ȥȚȖȋȖ ǶȌȕȖ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȖȌȕȈ ȔȣșȓȤ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȥȚȈ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȍȔț ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȚȤ
ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈ ȘȍȏȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȌȍ ȖȕȈ ȚȖ ȖȚȗȓȣ-
ȊȈȓȈ ȕȈ șȍȘȍȌȐȕț ȚȖ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȉȍȘȍȋț Ȑ șȔȍȧȓȈșȤ ș
ǴȐȘȞȍȑ.
— ǴȐȘȞȈ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȧ ȕȍ ȒȘȈșȐȊȈ" — ȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ
ȅȔȐȘ ȕȍ țȗțșȒȈȓ Ȑȏ ȋȓȈȏ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȍȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ Ƕȕ
șȚȖȧȓ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȘȐȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ Ȓ ȏȍȔȓȍ ǹȚȘȈșȚȤ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓȈ
ȍȋȖ Ƕȕ ȉȖȘȖȓșȧ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȌȍȊțȠȒȍ Ȑ ȕȍ
țȕȍșȚȐ ȍȍ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȔȖȋțȟȐȝ ȘțȒȈȝ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ǴȐȘȞȈ ȗȘȖșȐȓȈ șȊȖȦ ȋȖșȗȖȎț ȖȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ ȒțȗȈȕȤȍ.
ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ȊȣȠȓȈ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ Ȑ șȚȈȓȈ țȒȘȈȠȈȚȤ șȊȖȐ ȊȖȓȖșȣ
ȕȐȚȒȈȔȐ ȎȍȔȟțȋȈ Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈ șȒȈȓȍ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȠțȔ
ȥȔȐȘ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȒȖȕȧ Ȋ ȌȖȓȐȕȍ ȗȖȌ ȗȘȐșȔȖȚȘȖȔ șȓțȋȐ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȏȈșȕțȓ ȒȖȕȤ ȊȣȘȊȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȉȍȎȈȓ ȗȖ șȓȍȌȈȔ șȊȖȍ-
ȋȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ ȅȔȐȘ ș ȌȖșȈȌȖȑ ȖȉȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȑ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ
ȍȋȖ ȏȈ țȏȌț
ǩȣșȚȘȖ ȊșȒȐȕțȓȈ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ȒȊȍȘȝț ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ țȊȐȌȈȓȈ ȥȔȐ-
ȘȈ ȒȘȐȒ ȐșȗțȋȈ ȊȣȘȊȈȓșȧ Ȑȏ ȍȍ ȋȘțȌȐ ȒȘȈșȒȈ ȏȈȓȐȓȈ ȍȍ

117
ȡȍȒȐ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȍ ȓȐȠȐȓȈșȤ ȟțȊșȚȊ ǴȐȘȞȈ ȖȒȈȔȍȕȍȓȈ
ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȊȣȗȘȣȋȕțȓȈ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȋ Ȑ șȗȘȧȚȈȊȠȐșȤ ȏȈ
ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧȔȐ ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȖ șȚȈȌȈ ȖȌȍȊȈȚȤșȧ ǴȐȘȞȈ ȚȖȎȍ ȉȘȖșȐ-
ȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ
— ǫȖȘȍ Ȕȕȍ — ȊșȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ — ǭșȓȐ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ țȏ-
ȕȈȍȚ ǨȓȐ Ȗȕ țȉȤȍȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǵȍ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȓȐ Țȣ ȒȚȖ ȥȚȖ,
ǴȐȘȞȈ"
— ȅȔȐȘ ǸțșȚȈȕ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ șȓțȎȈȕȒȈ
— ǴȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȥȔȐȘ Ƕ ǨȓȓȈȝ ǩțȌȍȚ ȋȖȘȍ ǯȈȟȍȔ
ȧ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȓȈșȤ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ șȖȊȍȚȈ ǴȐȘȞȈ ȇ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȓț-
ȗȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȍ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȕȍșȍȚ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ ǹțȌȤ-
ȉȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȍȚ ȐȌȚȐ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ șȍȉȧ Ǵȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȧȚȤ-
șȧ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȔ ȌȈȍȚ Ǻȣ ȊȖȏȉțȌȐȓȈ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȈȋțȉȕȖȍ Ȏȍ-
ȓȈȕȐȍ ȊȣȌȍȓȐȚȤșȧ Ȑȏ Ȋșȍȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ǰȏ ȥȚȖȑ ȊȖȌȣ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ
ȌȍȔȖȕ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȘȈȏȓțȟȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ș ǨȓȐ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȈș șȊȖȐȔ
ȔȡȍȕȐȍȔ — Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȧ ȊȐȕȈ
— ǵȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐ ȚȈȒ — ȊșȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ ȖȗȘȈȊȐȊȠȈȧșȧ ǴȐȘȞȈ. —
Ǫșȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ǰȌȍȔ Ȏȍ ȐȌȍȔ
Ƕȉȍ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȗȖșȗȍȠȕȖ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓȐ ȌȖȔȖȑ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ȕȍ
ȔȖȋȓȈ țșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤșȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȏȈȉȣȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȑ ȟȍ-
ȓȖȊȍȒ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȍ ȉȍȏ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȈ Ǫ șȚȘȈȝȍ ȍȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȍȍ
ȗȘȍșȓȍȌțȦȚ ȜțȘȐȐ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǭȑ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ șȚȘȈȠ-
ȕȈȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȕȕȈȧ ȍȑ ǴȐȘȞȍȑ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ
ȗȘȖ ȞȈȘȧ DzȈȕȌȈȊȓȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ Ȏȍȕț ǸȖȌȖȗț DzȈȕȌȈȊȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȓȦȉȐȓ
ǸȖȌȖȗț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȟțȌȕȖ ȒȘȈșȐȊȈ Ȑ ȝȊȈșȚȈȓșȧ ȒȘȈșȖȚȖȑ
șȊȖȍȑ Ȏȍȕȣ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȊȖȐȔ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ǮȐȋȖ ǮȍȓȈȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ǮȐ-
ȋȖ țȉȍȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȈ Ȍȍȓȍ DzȈȕȌȈȊȓ țșȚȘȖȐȓ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȚ
ȚȈȑȕȖ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȘȈȏȌȍȚțȦ ǸȖȌȖȗț ǵȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ țȏȕȈȓȈ Ȗȉ
ȥȚȖȔ ȖșȒȖȘȉȓȍȕȐȐ Ȑ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ǮȐȋȖ țȉȐȚȤ DzȈȕȌȈȊȓȈ Ȑ șȈ-
ȔȖȔț șȍșȚȤ ȕȈ ȚȘȖȕ șȚȈȊ ȍȋȖ ȎȍȕȖȑ.
ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ș ȋȖȘȍȟȤȦ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȖȌȕȈ ȊȐ-
ȕȖȊȈȚȈ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȍȍ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȉȍȏ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȈ ȟțȎȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
Ȑ ȉȣȓȈ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȈ ȟȚȖ ș ȕȍȑ Ȑ ș ǨȓȐ ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ șȓțȟȐȚșȧ
ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȍȌȖȉȘȖȍ
ǸțșȚȈȕ ȖȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȊșȗȣȝȕțȊȠȍȑ Ȋ ȕȍȔ șȚȘȈșȚȤȦ ȐȏȌȈ-
ȓȐ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȓ ȌȍȊțȠȍȒ ȟȚȖȉȣ țȏȕȈȚȤ, ȖȚȒțȌȈ Ȑ ȒȚȖ ȗȘȍȓȤ-
șȚȐȊȠȈȧ ȍȋȖ șȐȘȍȕȈ DzȖȋȌȈ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ȊȖȠȓȈ Ȋ ȌȖȔ ȒȈȐȌȈ ǴȐ-
ȘȈȉȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȟȤ Ȑ ȗȖȒȓȧȓșȧ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȚȤ ȍȦ

ȒȈȒȐȔ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ șȘȍȌșȚȊȖȔ ȏȓȣȔ ȐȓȐ ȌȖȉȘȣȔ
ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ȗȘȖȊȍȓȈ ȌȍȕȤ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȍ țȗȖȚȘȍ-
ȉȐȊ Ȋșȍ șȊȖȐ șȐȓȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ țșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤșȧ ǶȕȈ ȉȖȧȓȈșȤ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ
Ȗ ȕȈȕȍșȍȕȕȖȔ ȍȑ ȖșȒȖȘȉȓȍȕȐȐ șȊȖȍȔț ȎȍȕȐȝț ȏȕȈȧ ȟȚȖ
ȚȖȋȌȈ ȚȖȚ țȉȤȍȚ ȥȔȐȘȈ Ȑ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȑȌȍȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȍ ȕȍș-
ȟȈșȚȤȍ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȕȈ ȘȍȠȐȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȖȚȒȘȖȍȚ șȊȖȦ ȚȈȑȕț ǨȓȐ
ȗȖșȓȍ șȊȈȌȤȉȣ

119
IV
ǶȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍȔ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ ǯȦȓȍȑȒț șȊȖȍȑ,
ȥȔȐȘ ǸțșȚȈȕ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȧ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ Ȋșȍ-
ȋȖ, Ȗȕ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȒȈȐȌț ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ
șȓțȋȈȔȐ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐȕȧȚ ȒȈȒ ȥȔȐȘ șȖ ȊșȍȔ ȗȖȌȖȉȈȦȡȐȔ
ȍȔț ȗȖȟȍȚȖȔ
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȋȈȉșȉțȘȋșȒȐȑ DzȈȘȓ
ǷȧȚȣȑ ȞȈȘșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȕȈȌ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȐȔȗȍȘȐȍȑ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȐ-
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȈȝȖȌȐȓȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȅȔȐȘ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓșȧ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȊȖȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ țșȓțȋȐ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐ ȐȏȋȕȈȕȐȐ Ȑȏ ǨȓȎȐȘȈ Ȑ ǺțȕȐșȈ
ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ ȘȈȏȉȖȑȕȐȒȖȊ ǷȖȓȤȏțȧșȤ ȥȚȐȔ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍȔ Ǹțș-
ȚȈȕ șȚȈȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȣȒ ȟȚȖ
Ȋșȍ ȉȍșȗȘȍȒȖșȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȧȓȐșȤ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȓȍ
ǶȌȍȚȣȑ Ȋ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȖȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȕȈȌȔȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȋȖȘȌȖ șȚȖȧȓ
Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȒȈȐȌȖȔ ǴȐȘȈȉȖȔ ȗȘȖșȧ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȘțȒȐ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȟȍȘȐ.
DzȘȈșȖȚȈ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȐ șȚȈȓȈ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈ ȍȔț ȗȖ șȓțȝȈȔ ȚȈȒ
ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȓ ȥȔȐȘ șȊȖȍ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȗȘȖ-
ȍȏȎȈȧ ȔȐȔȖ șȈȌȈ șȈȔ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȍ ȚȖ țȉȍȌȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȒȘȈșȖȚȈ
ǯȦȓȍȑȒȐ ȗȘȍȊȏȖȠȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȧ Ƕȕ ȓȦȉȐȚ ȍȍ Ȑ ȎȍȓȈȍȚ
ȉȣȚȤ ȍȍ șțȗȘțȋȖȔ Ƕȕ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȈȏțȔȕȖ țȔȖȓȟȈȓ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓ ǯȦȓȍȑȒț ȒțȗȈȊȠȍȑșȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȉțȌȐȚȤ ȋȕȍȊ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ
ȒȈȐȌȈ
ǷȘȖșȤȉȈ ȥȔȐȘȈ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȕȖ ȒȈȐȌ
ǴȐȘȈȉ ȏȕȈȧ ȌȐȒȐȑ ȕȘȈȊ ȗȘȐȉȣȊȠȍȋȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȊȍȎȓȐȊȖ Ȑ ș
ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚȊȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȉȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȈȌ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȌȖȟȤ ȏȈ
ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȋȖ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘȖȔ ȔțȎȈ
ȕȖ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ țȎȍ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȈȧ ȕȍȊȍșȚȈ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȍȍ șȊȈȌȤ-
ȉȈ ǸțșȚȈȕ ȊșȒȐȗȍȓ ǭȔț ȖȚȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȍȑȠȍȑ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ — ȍȔț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȉȍșȗȘȍȒȖșȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȖȊȐȕțȍȚșȧ Ȟȍ-
ȓȣȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ ǶȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȧ ȖȚȞȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ƕȕ ȚȘȍ-
ȉȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȍȔț ȖȚȌȈȓȐ ǯȦȓȍȑȒț Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȎȍȓȈȓ șȓțȠȈȚȤ ȉȖ-
ȓȍȍ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȝ Ȑ ȊȍȎȓȐȊȣȝ șȓȖȊ ȒȈȐȌȈ ȖȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ șȊȖȍȑ
șȚȘȈșȚȤȦ

120
ǫȕȍȊȕȣȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȖȉȘțȠȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȕȈ ǴȐȘȈȉȈ Ȑ ȊȣȝȖȌȧ
ȋȖȘȌȣȔȐ ȠȈȋȈȔȐ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ șȚȈȘȖȔț ȒȈȐȌț
— ȇ ȍȡȍ ȊȍȘȕțșȤ Ȑ ȧ ȕȍ țșȗȖȒȖȦșȤ ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȒȈ
ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȇ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȦ Ȍȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȊșȦ ȔȖȦ șȐȓț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȊȍȓȐȒȈ Ǵȕȍ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȐȚȤșȧ
ǫȕȍȊȕȖ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȗȕ ȕȈ șȊȖȍ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȖȍ ȗțȘȗțȘȖȔ Ȑ ȏȖ-
ȓȖȚȖȔ șȍȌȓȖ Ȑ ȗȖȔȟȈȓșȧ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȋȈȓȖȗȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ șȓțȋȐ ȌȈ-
ȓȍȒȖ ȖȚșȚȈȓȐ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ ȓȖȠȈȌȧȝ ȖȚ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ
ǪȍȘȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȗȕ ȋȕȍȊȕȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ șȊȖȐȔ șȓțȋȈȔ
șȕȧȚȤ ș șȍȉȧ ȊȍȘȝȕȍȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȕȈȋȘȈȎȌȈȧ Ȑȝ ȗȐȕȒȈȔȐ ȕȖȋȖȑ
ȏȈ ȊșȧȒțȦ ȖȗȓȖȠȕȖșȚȤ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȧ, ȕȈ ȒȖȔ ȊȣȔȍșȚȐȚȤ șȊȖȑ ȋȕȍȊ.
Ƕȕ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȓ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȏȈ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍȔ Ȋȍȓȍȓ ȗȘȐȕȍșȚȐ
ȊȐȕȈ Ȑ ȗȖȏȊȈȚȤ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȍȋȖ ȘȈȉȣȕȤ ǶȕȐ ȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ș ȌȘȖȎȤȦ Ȋ
șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȑ ș țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȕȈ țșȚȈȝ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȥȔȐȘ ȟȈȡȍ Ȏȍș-
ȚȖȒȖ Ȑȝ ȕȈȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȟȍȔ ș ȕȐȔȐ ȊȍșȍȓȐȓșȧ.
ǶȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ ȌȍȊțȠȍȒ ȗȖȌȕȖșȐȓȈ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȋțȉȈȔ ȟȈȠț ș
ȊȐȕȖȔ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȔ, ȒȈȒ ȘțȉȐȕ ȌȘțȋȈȧ șȐȌȍȓȈ ț ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋ Ȑȋ-
ȘȈȧ ȕȈ ȚȈȔȉțȘȐȕȍ ȚȘȍȚȤȧ șȒȓȖȕȧȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȖȉȕȐȔȈȧ ȍȋȖ
ȔȧȋȒȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ, Ȑ ȕȈȗȍȊȈȓȈ ȊȍșȍȓțȦ ȗȍșȕȦ
ǩȍȏ ȘțȉȐȕȖȊȣȝ ȋțȉȖȒ ȉȍȏ ȉȖȒȈȓȈ ȊȐȕȈ
ǩȍȏ ȊȍșȍȓȤȧ Ȑ șȔȍȝȈ ȕȈȠȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȓȕȈ
ǵȖ ǸțșȚȈȕ ȖȚȚȖȓȒȕțȓ ȍȍ ȘȍȏȒȐȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ
ǷȖȏȌȕȍȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȐ ȌȘțȏȤȧ șȘȍȌȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȉȣȓ ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ
ȗȖȓȒȖȊȖȌȞȍȊ DzȈȘȓȈ ǷȧȚȖȋȖ Ȑ ȕȖȟȤ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȖȘȋȐȦ.
ǵȍțșȚȘȈȠȐȔȣȑ Ȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȕȈ ȊȖȑȕȍ Ȑ ȕȈ ȖȝȖȚȍ ȌȖȔȈ
ǸțșȚȈȕ ȉȣȓ ȓȍȕȐȊ ȎȍșȚȖȒ Ȑ ȕȍȊȖȏȌȍȘȎȍȕ ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ Ȋșȍ
șȊȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖșȊȧȚȐȓ ȔȍȟȚȈȔ Ȗ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȍ Ȑ ȗȓȈȕȈȔ ȒȈȒ ȍȦ ȖȊ-
ȓȈȌȍȚȤ ǵȈ ȓȤȊȐȕȖȑ ȖȝȖȚȍ ȔȟȈșȤ ȗȖ șȓȍȌȈȔ ȥȚȐȝ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌ-
ȕȣȝ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȣȝ Ȗȕ ȟȈșȚȖ ȘȐșȒȖȊȈȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ȔȖȋ ȓȐ Ȗȕ
ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤșȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȍȓȖ ȠȓȖ Ȗ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȍ"
ǻȋȘȖȎȈȦȡȐȍ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȧ ȥȔȐȘȈ ȏȈșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȌȊțȝ ȊȖȎȌȍȑ
ǨȒȉȈȘȈ Ȑ ǴȐȘȈȉȈ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȚȤ șȊȈȌȤȉȖȑ șȊȖȐȝ ȌȍȚȍȑ ǵȈȒȖ-
ȕȍȞ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ ȌȍȕȤ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖ ȔȈȋȖȔȍȚȈȕșȒȖȔț ȖȉȘȧȌț
ȉȣȓȈ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȈ ȥȚȈ ȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȐȧ ǩȖȋȈȚȖ ȖȌȍȚȈȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȍ-
ȔȈȧ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȌȘțȏȤȧȔȐ Ȑ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȔȐ ȊșȚț-
ȗȐȓȈ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ Ȋ ȌȖȔ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȔțȎȈ

121
ǬȖȓȋȖ ȏȈȚȧȕțȓȖșȤ șȊȈȌȍȉȕȖȍ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȒȖ-
ȕȍȞ ȋȖșȚȐ țȌȈȓȐȓȐșȤ ǨȓȐ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȕȈȍȌȐȕȍ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȊȖȏȓȦȉ-
ȓȍȕȕȖȑ
ǷȖȓȖȋ ȉȣȓ ȏȈșȚȍȋȕțȚ Ȋ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȐ ȓȦȉțȧșȤ Ȑ șȚȣȌȧșȤ
ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȌȍȘȎȈșȤ ȏȈ ȘțȒȐ ȒȈȒ ȐȋȘȈȦȡȐȍ Ȍȍ-
ȚȐ ǺȐȝȖ șȕȧȓ ǨȓȐ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȖ ș ǯȦȓȍȑȒȐ Ȑ ȕȍȎȕȖ ȘȈșșȚȍȋ-
ȕțȓ ȍȍ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȑ ȗȖȧș ǸțȔȧȕȍȞ șȔțȡȍȕȐȧ ȘȈȏȓȐȓșȧ ȗȖ ȓȐȞț
ǯȦȓȍȑȒȐ Ȑ ȕȍȎȕȣȑ ȉȓȍșȒ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏ ȉȓȍșȕțȓ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǨȓȐ
— ǮȍȕȈ ȔȖȧ ȓȦȉȐȔȈȧ ȎȍȕȈ — ȠȍȗȚȈȓ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȧ
ȍȍ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȔȖȋțȟȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ
Ǫ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȟȤȧ-ȚȖ ȘțȒȈ ȘȈșȗȈȝȕțȓȈ ȗȖȓȖȋ Ȑ
ț ȊȝȖȌȈ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȗȖȧȊȐȓșȧ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȑ șȓțȋȈ
— ǵȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ șȗȈșȈȑșȧ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ! — ȊșȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ȗȕ
— ȅȔȐȘ ǸțșȚȈȕ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȍȚșȧ șȦȌȈ șȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȓȦȌȤȔȐ ǻ
ȕȍȋȖ ȌțȘȕȖȍ ȕȈ țȔȍ Ȗȕ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȖȚȕȧȚȤ șȐȓȖȑ ȕȈȠț ȔȖȓȖȌțȦ
ȋȖșȗȖȎț Ǵȣ ȕȍ ȋȖȚȖȊȣ Ȑ Ȗ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ Ȑ Ȍț-
ȔȈȚȤ ǹȗȈșȈȑșȧ șȒȖȘȍȍ
Ǫ ȥȚț ȔȐȕțȚț ȊȉȍȎȈȓ Ȑ șȚȈȘȣȑ ǨȒȉȈȘ
— ǬȊȍ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ ȋȖȚȖȊȣ — ȊșȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ȗȕ, — șȒȖȘȍȍ ȐȓȐ Ȕȣ
ȗȖȋȐȉȓȐ
ǷȖȟȚȐ ȉȍȏ ȟțȊșȚȊ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ȕȈ ȘțȒȈȝ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȔțȎȈ.
ǨȓȐ șȚȖȧȓ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȔ țȌȈȘȖȔ ǭȋȖ șȟȈșȚȤȦ
ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȖșȤ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȋȖȘȤȒȖȍ ȗȘȖȉțȎȌȍȕȐȍ Ǫ ȕȍȔ ȏȈȋȖȘȈȓȐșȤ
ȋȕȍȊ Ȑ ȎȈȎȌȈ ȔȡȍȕȐȧ ǵȖ ȍȔț ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒ ȗȖ-
șȓțȠȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚȞȈ ǷȖȟȚȐ ȔȈȠȐȕȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȒȘȣȓ Ȗȕ ǯȦȓȍȑȒț
șȊȖȐȔ ȗȓȈȡȖȔ Ȑ ȉȍȋȖȔ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȖȚȞȖȔ ș ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȕȖȠȍȑ
ȕȈ ȘțȒȈȝ ȖȕȐ șȒȘȣȓȐșȤ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ ǨȓȐ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȋ șȍȌȓȖ ȗȖșȈ-
ȌȐȊ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ șȍȉȧ ǯȦȓȍȑȒț ǨȒȉȈȘ șȍȓ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȒȖȕȧ Ȑ
ȖȕȐ ȗȖȔȟȈȓȐșȤ
dzțȕȕȈȧ ȕȖȟȤ ȖȒțȚȣȊȈȓȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȖȑ ȌȣȔȒȖȑ ȉȍȋ-
ȓȍȞȣ ȔȟȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȖ ȊȏȧȚȖȔț ȈȔȐȕȖȔ ǨȒȉȈȘȖȔ
Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ țșȓȣȠȈȓȐ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȦ ȚȖȗȖȚ șȒȈȟțȡȐȝ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ ȥȔȐ-
ȘȈ ǪȖȘȊȈȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȌȖȔ Ȑ ȕȍ ȕȈȑȌȧ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȉȍȋȓȍȞȖȊ ȥȔȐȘ ȗȘȐ-
Ƞȍȓ Ȋ șȚȘȈȠȕțȦ ȧȘȖșȚȤ țȉȐȓ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȕțȊȠȐȝșȧ
ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ șȓțȋ ȈȔȐȕȈ ǨȒȉȈȘȈ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȋ șȍȌȓȖ Ȑ, ȋȘȖȏȕȣȑ,
ȗȖȔȟȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȋȖȕȦ

ǻ ǨȓȐ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȓȖȠȈȌȐ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȒȘȖ-
Ȕȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȖȗȍȘȍȌȐȓȐ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌțȦȡȐȝ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȖȕȐ ȕȈȌȍȧȓȐșȤ
ȌȖșȒȈȒȈȚȤ ȌȖ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȒȈȉȐȓȖȊ Ȑ șȗȈșȚȐșȤ Ȋ
ȕȍȔ ȖȚ ȧȘȖșȚȕȖȋȖ ȥȔȐȘȈ ǨȓȐ șȒȈȒȈȓ ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȧ Ȓ ȋȘțȌȐ
șȊȖȦ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕțȦ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ ȉȍșșȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȋȕȍȊ
ȗȘȖȚȐȊ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȊȘȈȋȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț Ȗȕ ȉȍȏȖȘțȎȕȣȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȖ-
ȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ǹȓțȋȐ ǸțșȚȈȕȈ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚșȚȈȓȐ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ Ȗȕ șȒȈ-
ȒȈȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȓțȟȠȍȔ ȒȖȕȍ.
ǸțșȚȈȕ șȒȘȍȎȍȚȈȓ ȏțȉȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍȡȈȌȕȖ ȗȖȋȖȕȧȓ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȒȈ-
ȒțȕȈ ǷȘȐȋȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȓ ȓțȒȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊșȚȈȊ ȕȈ șȚȘȍȔȍȕȈȝ Ȗȕ Ȋȋȓȧ-
ȌȣȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȕȖȟȕțȦ Ȕȋȓț ȋȖȘȧȡȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ țȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓ șȒȈȟțȡȐȝ ȉȍȋȓȍȞȖȊ
Ƕȕ ȕȈșȚȐȋȈȓ Ȑȝ.
ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȍȏțȔȕȈȧ șȒȈȟȒȈ ȕȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȤ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȥȔȐȘ ȧșȕȖ țȎȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ șȒȈȟțȡȐȝ Ȋȗȍ-
ȘȍȌȐ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȖȊ ț ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȕȈ șȍȌȓȍ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕȈ ȏȈȒțȚȈȕȕȈȧ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȍ Ȗȕ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȊșȒȐȕțȓ
Ȓ ȗȓȍȟț ȘțȎȤȍ ǺȖ Ȏȍ șȈȔȖȍ șȌȍȓȈȓ Ȑ ȍȋȖ șȓțȋȈ
ǷȖȟȚȐ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȘȈȏȌȈȓȐșȤ ȌȊȈ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȈ ǨȔȐȕ ǨȒ-
ȉȈȘ țȗȈȓ ȕȈșȔȍȘȚȤ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȗțȓȍȑ ȌȘțȋȈȧ ȗțȓȧ ȗȖȘȈ-
ȏȐȓȈ ǨȓȐ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȕȧ
— ǴȖȧ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȈȧ — ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ǨȓȐ Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȘȚȊȖ țȗȈȓ
ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȓ ȕȐȔ ȗȖȌșȒȈȒȈȓ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊțȦȡȐȑ ǸțșȚȈȕ Ȑ
șȗȘȣȋȕțȊ ș ȒȖȕȧ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȔȖȋțȟȐȔȐ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȉȍșȟțȊșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕțȦ ǯȦȓȍȑȒț
ǯȓȖ șȔȍȧșȤ Ȗȕ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ
— ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Țȣ ȔȖȧ ȌȖȉȣȟȈ Ǻȍȉȧ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ Ȋ
Ȏȍȕȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Țȣ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȔȖȍȑ ȕȈȓȖȎȕȐȞȍȑ Ȑ ȘȈȉȣȕȍȑ ȇ
ȉțȌț ȞȍȓȖȊȈȚȤ Țȍȉȧ ȐȓȐ șȚȍȋȈȚȤ Țȍȉȧ ȗȓȍȚȤȦ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȕȍ ȥȚȖ
ȊȏȌțȔȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȚȊȖȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ
ǭȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȓȍșȕțȓȐ ȝȐȡȕȣȔ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȖȔ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȚȐȝȖ ȗȖȍ-
ȝȈȓ Ȋȍȏȧ ȉȍșȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȗȓȍȕȕȐȞț

124
V
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȖȊ ȗȘȖȓȍȎȈȓ ǨȓȐ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȔ ȖȉȔȖȘȖȒȍ
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȋ șȍȉȧ Ȗȕ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ȓȍȊȖȑ
ȘțȒȍ ȎȋțȟțȦ ȉȖȓȤ ǰȏ ȘȈȕȣ șȖȟȐȓȈșȤ ȒȘȖȊȤ ǵȖ ȥȚȈ ȉȖȓȤ
ȗȘȐȟȐȕȧȓȈ ȍȔț ȔȍȕȤȠȐȍ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ ȟȍȔ ȉȖȓȤ ȌțȠȐ Ǫ ȖȌȕȖ
ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ Ȗȕ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ Ȋșȍ șȊȖȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ǹȓȈȉȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
ȏȊȈȓ Ȗȕ ǯȦȓȍȑȒț ȕȖ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȞȈȘȐȓȈ ȋȓțȝȈȧ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ ǵȖȟȤ
ȉȣȓȈ ȉȍȏȖȚȊȍȚȕȈ ǹ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȚȘțȌȖȔ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȚȖ-
ȋȌȈ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȓȍȎȈȊȠȍȋȖ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȠȈȋȈȝ ȖȚȞȈ Ƕȕ ȗȖȌ-
ȗȖȓȏ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȚȘȧș ȍȋȖ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȕȍȎȕȣȔȐ ȐȔȍȕȈȔȐ — Ȑ Ȋșȍ
ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȈȔȐȕ ǨȒȉȈȘ ȉȣȓ ȔȍȘȚȊ ȗțȓȧ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȓȈ ȍȔț Ȋ
șȍȘȌȞȍ Ƕȕ șȚȈȓ ȘȈșȚȐȘȈȚȤ ȍȔț ȋȘțȌȤ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȓȖȉ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈ ȕȖ țȎȍ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞț ȎȐȏȕȤ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȕȧȓ ǨȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȍȞ ȔȍȘȚȊ Ȑ ȍȋȖ Ȗȝ-
ȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȋȓțȉȐȕȈ ȍȋȖ țȎȈșȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȧ ȖȚȍȞ țȉȐȚ Ȑ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ȗȖ-
ȝȐȡȍȕȈ ǹȓȍȏȣ ȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȍȔț ȖȉȓȍȋȟȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țșȐȓȐ-
ȊȈȓȐ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ țȎȈș ȍȋȖ ȖȌȐȕȖȟȍșȚȊȈ
ǵȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ǨȓȐ ȊșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȕȖȟȕțȦ Ȕȋȓț Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ȔȍȘȚȊȖ Ȑ ȗțșȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ
ȥȔȐȘȈ ȍȔț ȉȍȏȖȘțȎȕȖȔț ȘȈȕȍȕȖȔț Ȑ ȗȍȠȍȔț ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ,
ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȓȍȎȈȓ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȌȖȓȋ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȐȚȤ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ Ƕȕ
ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȚȈȔ ȕȈ ȎȍȘȚȊț ȝȐȡȕȣȔ ȗȚȐȞȈȔ
dzțȕȕȣȑ șȊȍȚ ȗȖȔȖȋ ǨȓȐ ȖȘȐȍȕȚȐȘȖȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȗȕ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ
ȟȚȖ ȕȍȊȌȈȓȍȒȍ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ ǹ ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ
Ȗȕ ȚȍȓȖ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ ȗȘȐȕȍș Ȓ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒț Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȕȈ ȉȍ-
Șȍȋț ȗȘȐȕȧȊȠȐșȤ ȖȉȔȣȊȈȚȤ ȍȔț ȓȐȞȖ
ǪȖȌȈ ȚțșȒȓȖ ȔȍȘȞȈȓȈ Ȋ ȓțȕȕȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȍ ȒȈȗȓȐ
ȍȍ ȗȈȌȈȓȐ ș ȘțȒȐ ǨȓȐ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȖ țȔȍȘȠȍȋȖ ǶȚȟȈȧȕȐȍ ȋȘȣȏȓȖ
șȍȘȌȞȍ ǨȓȐ Ǫșȍ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȚȤ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕțȦ
Ȏȍȕț șȐȓȖȑ ȗȖȝȐȡȍȕȕțȦ ȥȔȐȘȖȔ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȔț Ȍȍ-
ȓȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȕȈȓȐȚȈ șȊȐȕȞȖȔ
Ƕȕ ȍȡȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȑ ȋȘțȌȐ ȕȍȎȕȖȍ Ȑ ȚȍȗȓȖȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȍȍ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȍȍ
șȓȖȊȈ ȓȦȉȊȐ ǰ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȈȊȍȒ țȚȍȘȧȕȖ dzțȟȠȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȍș-
ȓȐ ȉȣ Ȗȕ țȔȍȘ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȖȚȞȖȔ ǵȖ Ȗȕ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ
ȎȐȚȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȣȘȊȈȚȤ ǯȦȓȍȑȒț Ȑȏ ȘțȒ ȘȈȏȉȖȑȕȐȒȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ

125
ȖȚȖȔșȚȐȚȤ ȏȈ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȖȚȞȈ ǭȔț ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȚȐȝȖȔ ȊȖȏ-
Ȍțȝȍ ȘȈȏȌȈȦȚșȧ ȎȈȓȖȉȣ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȐ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ Ȋ ȕȍȊȣȘȈȏȐȔȖȔ
țȎȈșȍ ȗȘȖșȐȚ ȍȋȖ șȊȖȍȋȖ șțȗȘțȋȈ ȊȣȘȊȈȚȤ ȍȍ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ ǸțșȚȈȕȈ
ǼțȘȐȐ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȧ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȐ ȌțȠȖȑ ǨȓȐ
— ǬȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ — ȌȍȕȤ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȘȖȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȧ ǷțșȚȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ ȕȈȊȍȒȐ ȖȌȍȕȍȚșȧ ȊȖ ȚȤȔț ȕȍ țȊȐȌȐȚ
ȕȐ ȏȊȍȏȌ ȕȐ ȓțȕȣ ȕȐ șȖȓȕȞȈ ǷȖȟȍȔț ȧ ȕȍ țȔȍȘ Ȋ țȚȘȖȉȍ
ȔȈȚȍȘȐ" ȇ ȉȣȓ ȉȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȒȖȍȕ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ Ȋșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ
ǷȖȟȍȔț ȖȌȐȕ ȧ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ șȚȘȈȌȈȚȤ ȖȚ ȕȍșȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐ-
ȊȖșȚȐ Ȑ șȐȓȣ" ǵȐȟȍȋȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȒȘȖȔȍ țȎȈșȈ ȖȚȟȈȧ-
ȕȐȧ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȔȍșȚȐ ȥȔȐȘț ǸțșȚȈȕț ǬȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚ Ȗȕ șȖ-
ȉȈȒȈ ȘȈȏȘțȠȐȚȍȓȤ ȔȖȍȋȖ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ǷțșȚȤ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȐȚșȧ ȏȍȔȓȧ
ȗȖȌ ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ȗțșȚȤ ȊȣșȖȝȕȍȚ ȘțȒȈ ȓȈșȒȈȦȡȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȗțșȚȤ
ȍȋȖ ȗȐȡȈ Ȑ ȗȐȚȤȍ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȧȚșȧ Ȋ ȧȌ ȗțșȚȤ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ ȗȘȍș-
ȓȍȌțȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȊșȦȌț
Ƕȕ ȘȊȈȓ ȕȈ șȍȉȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȈȓșȧ ȓȐȞȖȔ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ
ȏȖȊȧ Ȓ șȍȉȍ șȔȍȘȚȤ
ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȖșȚȘȣȑ șȊȐșȚ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȟȤȧ-
ȚȖ ȐșȗȖȓȐȕșȒȈȧ ȘțȒȈ ȘȈȏȘȍȏȈȓȈ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȒȖșȖȑ Ȑ
ȗȖ Țȍȓț ǨȓȐ ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȝȖȓȖȌ Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ Ȋ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȠȈȋȈȝ ȖȚ șȍȉȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȖșȚȓȧȊȖȋȖ Ȑ ȝțȌȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍ-
ȒȈ Ȋ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȔ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ ȗȓȈȡȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȚȖȧȓ ȖȗȐȘȈȧșȤ ȕȈ
ȘțȎȤȍ.
ǭȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȉȣȓȐ țșȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȣ ȕȈ ǨȓȐ Ȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ Ȑȝ ȉȣȓ
ȖșȚȘ Ȑ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȓȕȐȧ ǭȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ, șȖșȚȖȧȓȈ
Ȑȏ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȍȗȈ ȓȖȉ ȉȣȓ ȠȐȘȖȒ Ȑ ȊȣșȖȒ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ
ȊȊȈȓȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȘȉȐȚȣ ȋțȉȣ ȉȍșȒȘȖȊȕȣ Ȉ ȚȖȕȒȐȑ ȕȖș ȏȈȖșȚ-
ȘȐȊȠȐșȤ ȊȣȌȈȊȈȓșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ǪȍșȤ Ȗȕ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȉȍșȒȘȖȊȕȣȔ,
șȖșȚȖȧȡȐȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑȏ ȒȖșȚȍȑ Ȑ ȒȖȎȐ ȖȚȚȍȕȖȒ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȉȣȓ
ȔȍȘȚȊȍȕȕȖ-ȉȓȍȌȕȣȑ ǫȓțȉȖȒȐȍ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȣ ȗȘȖȘȍȏȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȓȐ-
ȞȖ DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȘȖȌȐȓșȧ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȓȍȚ ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ ǵȖ Ȋ
ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ șȒȊȖȏȐȓȈ ȕȍșȖȒȘțȠȐȔȈȧ șȐȓȈ Ȉ ȉȓȍȌȕȣȍ ȋțȉȣ
ȚȖȟȕȖ țȓȣȉȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȋȖȘȤȒȖȑ ȐȘȖȕȐȐ
— DzȚȖ Țȣ" — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ǨȓȐ. — ǿȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȐȓȐ ȌȍȔȖȕ
ȉȓțȎȌȈȦȡȐȑ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ ȕȖȟȐ"
— Ǵȍȕȧ ȏȖȊțȚ ȆșțȜ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȖ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȝȖ-
ȓȖȌȕȣȔ Ȑ ȋȓțȝȐȔ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȣȝȖȌȧȡȐȔ Ȑȏ ȋȘȖȉȈ ȖȚ ȏȊțȒȈ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȋȖ ǨȓȐ șȖȌȘȖȋȕțȓșȧ — ȇ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȚȊȖȐ ȎȈȓȖȉȣ Ȑ ȚȊȖȑ

ȏȖȊ Ȑ ȧȊȐȓșȧ Țȍȉȍ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ
— Ǵȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ǨȓȐ. — ǵȖ ȘȈȏȊȍ Țȣ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȠȤ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ǯȦȓȍȑȒț ȔȖȦ Ȏȍȕț" ȘȈȏȊȍ Țȣ ȔȖȎȍȠȤ
ȊȖșȒȘȍșȐȚȤ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ"
— ǿȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȚȖ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȆșțȜ —
ǴȍȘȚȊȣȍ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȦȚșȧ ǵȖ ǯȦȓȍȑȒț Țȣ ȉțȌȍȠȤ ȐȔȍȚȤ
— ǵȖ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȏȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ — șȕȖȊȈ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ǨȓȐ ȗȖ-
ȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȈȋȐȟȍșȒȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖșȈ
— ǵȍ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȑ Ȑ șȓȍȌțȑ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȑ, — ȉȣȓ ȖȚȊȍȚ — ȇ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓȖ Ȑ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȇ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȐ ȚȊȖȍȔ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ Ȑ ȉțȌț ȗȘȐ ȚȊȖȍȔ
ȒȖȕȞȍ
— ǺȈȒ ȗȖȔȖȋȐ Ȏȍ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȐȚȤ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒ-
ȕțȓ ǨȓȐ
ȆșțȜ ȏȈȒțȚȈȕȕȣȑ Ȋ șȊȖȑ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȡ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȏȕȈȒ ȒȖ-
șȚȓȧȊȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ Ȑ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȍ șț-
ȡȍșȚȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȏȈȒȘțȎȐȓȐșȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȆșțȜȈ ȉȣșȚȘȣȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȊȖȘȕȣȍ ȒȈȒ ȖȒȖȓȖ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȊȖȎȌȧ ȆșțȜ ȖȚȌȈȓ ȐȔ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈ-
ȕȐȍ Ȑ ș ȋȓțȝȐȔ ȏȈȊȣȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȐ ȚȍȓȖ ȈȔȐȕȈ ǨȒ-
ȉȈȘȈ Ȑ ȗȖȕȍșȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȋ șȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȉȐȓȖȊ
ǨȓȐ ȗȘȖșȚȐȓșȧ șȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȖȚȞȖȔ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȣȓ
ȍȔț ȋȓȈȏȈ
— ǰȚȈȒ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȑ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȆșțȜ. — ȇ ȝȖȟț ȗȖȔȖȟȤ
Țȍȉȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȥȔȐȘȈ ǸțșȚȈȕȈ.
Ƕȕ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȏȕȈȒ ǨȓȐ Ȑ ȚȖȚ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ,
ȓȐȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȖȓȐ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȖ șȕȍ ȆșțȜ ȕȍ ȖȉȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȧșȤ Ƞȍȓ
ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ
Ƕȕ ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȒȈȉȐȓ ȐȌȍȚ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ

127
VI
ǵȍȉȖ ȏȈȊȖȓȈȒȐȊȈȓȖșȤ ȋȘȖȏȖȊȣȔȐ ȚțȟȈȔȐ ǺțȔȈȕ ȘȈșșȊȍȚȈ
ȖȒțȚȈȓ ȖȉȖȐȝ cȗțȚȕȐȒȖȊ ǨȓȐ Ȗȏȧȉ Ȑ ȌȘȖȎȈȓ Ƕȕ ȖșȓȈȉ Ȑ Ȍț-
ȠȖȑ Ȑ ȚȍȓȖȔ Ȑ șȗȖȚȣȒȈȓșȧ ȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ ȠȈȋț ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȊȈȧ,
ȖȌȕȈȒȖ, șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȏȈ șȊȖȐȔ ȊȖȎȈȚȣȔ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȉȣ ȉȣȓ ȍȋȖ
ȚȍȕȤȦ Ƕȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȍ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȗȖ-
ȔȐȔȖ Ȋșȍȑ șȊȖȍȑ ȊȖȓȐ șȓȍȗȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȔȈȋȐȟȍș-
ȒȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ȆșțȜ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȒȈȎțȡțȦșȧ șȚȈȘȖșȚȤ Ƞȍȓ
șȔȍȓȖ ȊȣșȖȒȖ Ȑ ȋȖȘȌȖ ȕȍșȧ șȊȖȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț ǷȖȝȖȌȒȈ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȈ
ȓȍȋȒȈ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȖȋȐ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȒȈșȈȓȐșȤ ȏȍȔȓȐ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȕȐ ȌȖȠȓȐ ȌȖ șȍȘȖȑ ȗȈȓȈȚȒȐ ȗȖȝȖȎȍȑ Ȋ țȚȘȍȕ-
ȕȍȔ ȚțȔȈȕȍ ȕȈ ȓȍȚțȟțȦ ȔȣȠȤ ș ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȍȘȚȣȔȐ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ
— Ǵȣ ț ȞȍȓȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ȆșțȜ Ȑ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓ ǨȓȐ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ Ȋ
ȗȈȓȈȚȒț ȒȖșȚȓȧȊȖȑ ȉȍȏȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ.
ǪȕțȚȘȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȍȔȕȖ
— ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȓȦ Țȍȉȧ ș ȌȊțȔȧ ȔȖȐȔȐ ȌȖȟȍȘȤȔȐ
— ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș Ȗȕ — ǷȘȍȒȘȈșȕȍȍ ȥȚȐȝ ȌȍȊțȠȍȒ ȕȍȚ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ
ǶȕȐ ȖȝȖȚȕȖ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȧȚșȧ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȊȖȓȍ.
Ƕȕ țȌȈȘȐȓ Ȋ ȓȈȌȖȠȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȧ ȥȚȐȔ ȋȓțȝȖȑ ȏȊțȒ DzȈ-
ȏȈȓȖșȤ ȌȊȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȧȠȒȐ țȌȈȘȐȓȐșȤ ȖȌȕȈ Ȗ ȌȘțȋțȦ ǴȋȕȖȊȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȗȈȓȈȚȒȈ ȖșȊȍȚȐȓȈșȤ ȔȧȋȒȐȔ ȜȖșȜȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȚȖȟ-
ȕȖ ȓțȗȈ ȊȣȋȓȧȕțȓȈ Ȑȏ ȖȉȓȈȒȖȊ ǨȓȐ ȖȒȈȔȍȕȍȓ Ƕȕ ȊȣȕțȎ-
Ȍȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȖȚȍȘȍȚȤ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȕțȚȤ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț șȊȍȚț
ǶȚȒȘȣȊ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȖȑ ȍȔț ȌȖșȍȓȍ ȒȈȘȚȐ-
ȕȖȑ Ȋ ȗȈȓȈȚȒȍ ȕȈ ȚȐȋȘȖȊȣȝ ȠȒțȘȈȝ, ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȌȊȍ
ȌȐȊȕȖ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȍ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ Ȑ țȓȣȉȈȓȐșȤ ȍȔț
— ǴȖȐ ȌȖȟȍȘȐ ǴȈȘȈ Ȑ ǹțȘȈ șȓȍȌțȑ Ȑȝ șȖȊȍȚȈȔ
ǹ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȧ ȥȚȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȆșțȜ
Ȑșȟȍȏ
ǨȓȐ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȘțȒȖȦ ȗȖ ȓȐȞț Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ ȕȈȧȊț Ȗȕ ȐȓȐ ȊȖ
șȕȍ Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȔ țȊȓȍȒȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȊȐȌȍ ȍȔț ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐ-
ȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȒȘȈșȖȚț ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕ ȥȚȖȑ
ȒȈȘȚȐȕȖȑ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȗȘȖșȕțȓȈșȤ șȚȘȈșȚȤ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȌțȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ
ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȒȘȈșȖȚȈ Ȑ ȖȚ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ
ǬȍȊțȠȒȐ ȊȣȊȍȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍȕȐȧ ǶȕȐ Ȗȉȍ ȗȖȌ-

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ȕȧȓȐșȤ ȗȖȌȖȠȓȐ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȊȏȧȓȐ ȏȈ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȐ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȕȍȎ-
ȕȣȔ ȋȘȈȞȐȖȏȕȣȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ǶȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȍȖȉȢȧșȕȐȔȣȔ
ȟțȊșȚȊȖȔ șȍȓ ǨȓȐ ȔȍȎȌț ǴȈȘȖȑ Ȑ ǹțȘȖȑ ǬȍȊțȠȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ
ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȝȖȎȐ ȖȌȕȈ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋțȦ ȒȈȒ ȌȊȈ ȉȓȐȏȕȍȞȈ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȓȐȞȈ ț ǹțȘȣ ȉȣȓȖ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȍȍ ș ȓȍȋȒȐȔ
ȖȚȚȍȕȒȖȔ ȔȍȓȈȕȝȖȓȐȐ Ƕȉȍ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȐ șȊȖȐ ȕȍȎȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ ȕȈ
ȍȋȖ ȘțȒȍ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȍȔț Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȉ Ȑȝ ȋȖȓȖș ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȊȣȝȖ-
ȌȐȓ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȑȏ șȍȘȌȞȈ
— ǨȓȐ — ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ǹțȘȈ, — șȓțȠȈȑșȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȍ-
ȘȍșȚȈȕȤ ȉȣȚȤ șȓȈȉȣȔ ȉțȌȤ ȔțȎȟȐȕȖȑ ȇ ȌȈȔ Țȍȉȍ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈ-
Țȣȝ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȑșȧ ș ȕȐȔȐ Ȓ șȊȖȐȔ șȖȉȍȘȐ șȊȖȑ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȐȌȐ Ȓ
ȥȔȐȘț ǸțșȚȈȕț Ȑ ȖȚȖȔșȚȐ ȏȈ ȖșȒȖȘȉȓȍȕȐȧ ǶȉȢȧȊȐ ȊȖȑȕț ȗȖ-
ȝȐȚȐȚȍȓȦ ȚȊȖȍȑ Ȏȍȕȣ ȗȖȘȈȏȐ ȍȋȖ șȔȍȓȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȊȣȘȊȐ Ȑȏ
ȗȓȍȕȈ ǯȦȓȍȑȒț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȋȘȖȏȐȚ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤȦ ȕȍȖȉțȏȌȈȕȕȖșȚȤ
șȚȘȈșȚȐ ȥȔȐȘȈ Ȑ ȊȊȍȌȐ ȍȍ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȋ șȊȖȑ ȌȖȔ ǩȍȘȐșȤ ȏȈ ȖȘț-
ȎȐȍ ǭȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȉțȌȤ ȔțȎȟȐȕȖȑ ȋȍȘȖȍȔ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȍȔ Ȑ ȔȐȘ
ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȚȤ Țȍȉȍ
— ǵȍ ȚȈȒ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ — șȔȍȧșȤ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȓȈ șȓȈȌȒȐȔ ȋȖȓȖ-
șȖȔ ǴȈȘȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍȎȕȍȍ Ȑ ȔȐȓȖȊȐȌȕȍȍ șȊȖȍȑ
șȍșȚȘȣ — ǵȍ ȚȘȈȚȤ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȓțȟȠȐȍ ȌȕȐ Ȋ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȋ
ȉȍșȗȖȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ ǵȍȚ ȔȖȑ ȌȘțȋ ȧ Țȍȉȍ ȗȖșȖȊȍȚțȦ ȐȕȖȍ
Ȑ ȓțȟȠȍ ȔȖȍȑ șȍșȚȘȣ ǹțȘȣ ǵȍ ȗȘȖȓȐȊȈȑ ȒȘȖȊȐ ǵȍȚ ȕȐȟȍ-
ȋȖ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȍȍ ȊȖȑȕȣ Ȑ șșȖȘȣ Ǻȣ ȍȡȍ ȚȈȒ ȔȖȓȖȌ Ȑ ȚȈȒ
ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȍȕ Ƕ ȧ ȗȖșȚȈȘȈȦșȤ ȖșȟȈșȚȓȐȊȐȚȤ Țȍȉȧ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȔȖȎȍȚ ȖșȟȈșȚȓȐȊȐȚȤ ȔțȎȟȐȕț ȓȦȉȧȡȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ǪȏȋȓȧȕȐ,
ȎȐȏȕȤ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈ ǵȖ ȕȍ țșȗȍȍȠȤ ȖȋȓȧȕțȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐ-
ȉȓȐȎȈȍȚșȧ șȚȈȘȖșȚȤ șȖ ȊșȍȔȐ ȍȍ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌ-
șȚȊȐȧȔȐ ȓȐȞȖ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȔȖȘȡȐȕȈȔȐ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȦȚ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ,
ȌȘȧȝȓȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ șȔȍȘȚȤ Ǩ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȗȖȏȊȖȓȤ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȌȕȍ-
șȚȐ Țȍȉȍ ȉȖȒȈȓ șȟȈșȚȤȧ Ȑ ȗȍȑ Ȑȏ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖȓȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȖȚȒȈȔȐ
— Ǩ ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌțȍȚ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȚȍȓȖ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȈȝ
Ȑ ȗȣȓȤ" — ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȍȘȍȋȈȧ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ǹțȘȈ
— ǿȚȖ ȕȈȔ ȏȈ ȌȍȓȖ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȓȐ ȘȈȑ ȐȓȐ ȈȌ" ǺȖȓȤȒȖ
ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ ȕȈȔ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ǴȈȘȈ
— ǷȖȌțȔȈȑ Ȗ ȕȍȗȘȖȟȕȖșȚȐ ȊșȍȋȖ ȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ — ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈ-
ȓȈ ǹțȘȈ
— ǷȖȚȖȔț-ȚȖ Ȕȣ Ȑ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȓȖȊȐȚȤ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȗȖ-
ȒȈ ȎȐȊȍȔ Ȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȣ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓȈ ǴȈȘȈ. — Ǵȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ Ȑȏ-

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ȉȍȋȈȚȤ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȧ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȚȤșȧ Ǫșȍ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȕȐȒ-
ȚȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȒȘȖȍȚ șțȚȐ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȉȣȚȐȧ ǵȍȚ ǨȓȐ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ș ȋȘț-
șȚȤȦ ȔȖȎȍȔ Ȕȣ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕȈ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȧ țȊȐȌȐȔ ȓȐ Ȑȝ
ȏȈȊȚȘȈ
— ǪȍȟȕȖșȚȤ ȊȈȎȕȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ — ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓȈ ǹțȘȈ,
Ȋșȍ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ Ȑ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȖȚȝȖȌȧ ȖȚ ǨȓȐ
— Ǩȝ — șȔȍȧȓȈșȤ ǴȈȘȈ, — Ȋ ȘȈȦ ȖȉȍȡȈȦȚ ȊȐȕȖ Ȑ ȔȍȌ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ ȚȈȔ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȣ ȘȍȒȐ Ȑ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȍ ȗȖȞȍȓțȐ ȟȍȘȕȖ-
ȖȒȐȝ ȋțȘȐȑ. ǵȖ Ȋ ȔȐȓȓȐȖȕ ȘȈȏ ȌȖȘȖȎȍ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȉȓȈȎȍȕ-
șȚȊȖ ȟȍȔ șȖȔȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȉțȌțȡȍȍ ǻȟȍȕȐȍ DzȖȘȈȕȈ ȖȉȔȈȕȟȐ-
ȊȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȟȈșȚȖ ȖȉȔȈȕ ȊȣȌȈȍȚșȧ ȏȈ ȗȘȈȊȌț ǭȡȍ ȕȐȒȍȔ ȕȍ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȧȚȖ ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȓȖ ș ȔȐȘȖȊȖȑ ȚȈȑȕȣ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȗȖȒȘȣȚȖ ȔȘȈ-
ȒȖȔ ȕȍȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖșȚȐ Ǵȣ ȏȕȈȍȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȕȈ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȍ ȋȌȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȑșȧ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ ǨȓȐ
ǹ ȔȕȖȋȖȖȉȍȡȈȦȡȍȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ șȊȍȘȒȈȧ ȚȍȔȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ-
ȔȐ ȗȖȌȕȍșȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȍȔț ȉȖȒȈȓ ȊȐȕȈ ǨȓȈ ȎȈȌȕȖ ȊȣȗȐȓ ȍȋȖ
ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȊ ȒȈȒ ȍȋȖ țșȚȈȓȣȍ ȟȓȍȕȣ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȓȐ ȗȘȍȎȕȦȦ
ȋȐȉȒȖșȚȤ ǴȈȘȈ ȕȍȎȕȖ șȒȓȖȕȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȖȉȕȧȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȞȍȓȖ-
ȊȈȓȈ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȗȖȓțȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȔȐ ȋțȉȒȈȔȐ ǶȕȈ Ȗȉ-
ȕȈȎȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȕț Ȑ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓȈ ȍȍ Ȑ ǨȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȖȚ-
ȌȈȊȈȓșȧ ȍȍ ȖȉȈȧȕȐȦ
ǵȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖ ǴȈȘȈ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȓȈșȤ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ ȊȍȘȕț-
ȓȈșȤ ȗȘȐȕȍșȧ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ ȊȖșȝȊȈȓȧȧ ȍȋȖ țȉȍ-
ȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȓțȟȠȍȍ șȘȍȌșȚȊȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȏȈȉȣȚȤ-
șȧ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȑ Ȑ ȋȖȘȍșȚȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ
— Ǻȣ ȘȈȕȍȕ țșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȕ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ, — Țȍȉȍ ȗȘȍȎ-
Ȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȕțȎȍȕ ȗȖȒȖȑ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȖȉȘȈȚȤșȧ ș șȐȓȈȔȐ
ǪȏȋȓȧȕȐ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚ Ȗȕ ȌȈșȚ ȉȈȓȤȏȈȔ Ȍȓȧ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ
ȌțȝȈ Ȑ șȍȘȌȞȈ ǯȈȚȧȕȐșȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȑ ȚȘțȉȒȐ Ȑ Țȣ
ȗȍȘȍȕȍșȍȠȤșȧ Ȋ ȞȈȘșȚȊȖ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȐ Ȋ ȘȈȑ Ǻȣ ȏȈȉțȌȍȠȤ Ȋșȍ
șȊȖȍ ȋȖȘȍ ȊȍșȤ ȗȍȘȍȘȖȌȐȠȤșȧ ǷȖȗȘȖȉțȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ǫȘȈȞȐȖȏȕȖ ș țȊȓȍȒȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȒȈȓȤȧȕ Ȍȓȧ ȒțȘȍȕȐȧ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ
ǨȓȐ Ȋ ȗȖȘȣȊȍ ȐșȗțȋȈ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ șȖ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȔȍșȚȈ DzȈȉȐȓȈȔ
ȉȣȓȖ șȚȘȖȋȖ ȏȈȗȘȍȡȍȕȖ ȒțȘȍȕȐȍ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ Ȑ ȔȍȎȌț ȍȋȖ șȖ-
ȗȓȍȔȍȕȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȕȈȠȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȈȘț-
ȠȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȏȈȒȖȕ ǨȓȐ țȊȈȎȈȓ ȖȉȣȟȈȐ ȗȘȍȌȒȖȊ Ȑ șȟȐȚȈȓ
ȋȈȠȐȠ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȍȔ ȈȌȈ

130
— ǶȉȖȓȤșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȈ — ȊșȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ȗȕ. — Ǻȣ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ ȗȘȍ-
ȊȘȈȚȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ șȣȕȈ ȈȌȈ"
ǵȖ ǴȈȘȈ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȓȈ șȊȖȍ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ ȖȉȖȓȤȡȍȕȐȧ ȒȘȍȗȒȖ
ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȧșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȔț șȊȖȐȔ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ Ȑ ȕȍȎȕȖ ȖȉȕȐȔȈȧ
ȍȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȖȕȈ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ Ȋ ȓȍȊȖȑ ȔțȕȌȠȚțȒ ȌȣȔȧ-
ȡȍȋȖșȧ ȒȈȓȤȧȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȧȓ ȖȌțȘȧȦȡȐȑ ȋȖȓȖ-
Ȋț ȈȘȖȔȈȚ Ȑ ȡȍȉȍȚȈȓȈ
— ǷȖȗȘȖȉțȑ ȗȖȗȘȖȉțȑ
ǹȚȘȈșȚȤ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ǨȓȐ Ȗȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ǴȈ-
Șț ȋȓȈȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ ȕȍȎȕȣȔ ȉȓȍșȒȖȔ ǹțȘȈ ȖȚșțȚșȚ-
ȊȖȊȈȊȠȈȧ ȏȈ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ǹ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȔ ȊȏȌȖ-
ȝȖȔ Ȑ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȗȘȖ-
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȊ
— ǺȈȒ ȉțȌȤ Ȏȍ ȘȈȉȖȔ ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȖȔ
ǨȓȐ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓ Ȑ ȝȖȚȍȓ țȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ țȎȍ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ
ȖȕȈ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȖȉȓȈȒȖ ȕȈ ȊȍșȍȕȕȍȔ ȕȍȉȖșȒȓȖȕȍ ǭȔț ȗȖ-
ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȍȑ Ȑșȟȍȏ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȌȖȉȘȣȑ ȋȍȕȐȑ ǭȍ Ȑș-
ȟȍȏȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȔ șȐȓȤȕȖȑ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȦ
Ƕȕ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȑ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤșȧ ȏȈ ȕȍȦ ȕȖ ǴȈȘȈ țȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ
ȍȋȖ ǶȉȊȐȊ ȍȋȖ ȠȍȦ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȖȕȈ ȕȍȎȕȖ ȗȘȐȎȈȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȑ
ȕȍȎȕȣȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȓȣȠȈȓȈșȤ ȋȘțșȚȤ țȗȘȈȠȐ-
ȊȈȓȈ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȚȤ ȋȈȠȐȠ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ǨȓȐ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȉȍȎȌȍȕ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȓȧ ȉȣȓȈ șȓȖȔȓȍȕȈ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȊȖ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ǴȈȘȣ ǫȓțȉȖȒȐȔ ȊȏȌȖȝȖȔ ȊȚȧȕțȓ
Ȗȕ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȗȖȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȍȔț ȧȌ
— ǺȈȒ ȔȖȑ ȌȘțȋ — ȊȍșȍȓȖ țȓȣȉȕțȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ, — ȗȍȑ ȏȈȉȊȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȐșȗȣȚȈȑ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ
— Ƕ ȒȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ Ȕȕȍ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ ǨȓȐ. — Ǻȣ ȗȘȈȊȈ
ǴȈȘȈ ȥȚȖ ȉȈȓȤȏȈȔ Ȍȓȧ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȐȏȔțȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȍȘȌȞȈ Ǻȣ ȔȖȑ
ȌȖȉȘȣȑ Ȉȕȋȍȓ ǶȉȕȐȔȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȔȖȧ ȋȖȓțȉȒȈ ȔȖȑ șȖȓȖȊȍȑ Ǻȣ
ȘȖȏȈ ȀȐȘȈșȈ ǵȍ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȧ Țȍȉȧ ȓȦȉȓȦ
— ȇ ȉțȌț ș ȚȖȉȖȑ ȗȖȒȈ ȥȚȖ Țȍȉȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ — ȖȚ-
ȊȍȚȐȓȈ ǴȈȘȈ
— Ƕ, ȒȈȒ ȧ țșȚȈȓ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȐșȚȖȔȐȓȈșȤ ȔȖȧ ȌțȠȈ — ȗȘȖ-
ȠȍȗȚȈȓ ǨȓȐ
— ǫȈȠȐȠ ȋȈȠȐȠ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓȈ ǴȈȘȈ. — Ƕȕ Țȍȉȧ țȚȍ-
ȠȐȚ Ȑ țșȗȖȒȖȐȚ!
ǰ ǨȓȐ ȊȌȣȝȈȓ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȍȋȖ ȖȌțȘȧȦȡȐȑ ȈȘȖȔȈȚ ȒȈȒ ȎȈ-

132
ȎȌțȡȐȑ ȗȤȍȚ ȊȖȌț Ȑȏ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȈ
— Ǩȝ ȒȈȒ Ȕȕȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ Ȗȕ,
șȒȓȖȕȧȧșȤ ȕȈ ȚȐȋȘȖȊȣȑ ȒȖȊȍȘ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȧ ȒțȘȍȕȐȍ
Ƕȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȍȋȖ
ȊȖȓȕțȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȍ. Ƕȕ ȚȖ șȔȍȧȓșȧ
ȚȖ ȗȓȈȒȈȓ Ǫ ȗȖȘȣȊȍ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȐȊȕȖȋȖ șȈȔȖșȖȝȘȈȕȍȕȐȧ Ȗȕ ȝȖ-
Țȍȓ ȖȚȠȊȣȘȕțȚȤ ȖȚ șȍȉȧ ȒȈȓȤȧȕ ȕȖ ǴȈȘȈ șȐȓȖȑ țȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ
ȍȋȖ ȘțȒț ǹȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȓȖ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȍȔț
ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȕȍȋȖ ȒȘțȚȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȚȖ ȊȐȝȘȍ
ǷȘȍȌȔȍȚȣ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȌȘțȋțȦ ȜȖȘȔț șȚȘȈȕȕȣȍ
ȓȐȞȈ ȋȓȧȌȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ șȔȍȠȕȣȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ Ȑ țȘȖȌȓȐȊȣȍ
ǫȓȈȏȈ ț ȕȐȝ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȑȏ ȖȘȉȐȚ ȖȕȐ ȒȖȘȟȐȓȐșȤ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ
ȒȘțȎȐȓȐșȤ, ȚȖ ȊȏȧȊȠȐșȤ ȏȈ ȘțȒȐ ȚȖ ȗȖȖȌȐȕȖȟȒȍ ǯȌȍșȤ ȉȣ-
ȓȈ ȘȣȉȈ ș ȖȋȕȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȚȈȔ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ș ȒȖȏȓȐȕȖȑ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊȖȑ ǬȈȓȤȠȍ ȉȣȓ șȓȖȕ ș ȖȘȓȐȕȣȔȐ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ ȏȔȍȐ,
ȏȓȣȍ ȌțȝȐ ǹȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ ȒȈȉȈȕȤȧ ȔȖȘȌȈ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȋȘț-
ȌȐ Ƕȕ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȏȊțȒȐ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȐȔ ȕȍ șȓȣȝȈȕȕȣȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ șȖ-
ȟȍȚȈȕȐȧ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȕȕȣȝ ǬȈ ǴȈȘȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȈȊȈ
Ȗȕ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȞȈȘșȚȊȍ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȐ
ǵȖ ȍȔț ȉȣȓȖ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȧșȕȖ ȟȚȖ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȍȚ
ǭȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ Ȗȕ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǴȈȘȈ Ȋ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȖȏȍ șȐ-
ȌȍȓȈ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ ș ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȍȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȑ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȒȈȒ șȔȖȓȤ ȊȖ-
ȓȖșȈȝ Ȑ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȔȐ ȒȘȣȓȤȧȔȐ ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ ǶȕȈ ȗȘȖșȚȐȘȈ-
ȓȈ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ ȘțȒȐ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȋȐȗȕȖȚȐȏȐȘțȧ ȍȋȖ ǵȖ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȥȚȐȔ
ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȍȔ Ȗȕ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȗȈȘȧȡțȦ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ
șȔȍȘȚȤ Ȋ ȠțȚȖȊșȒȖȔ ȕȈȘȧȌȍ ș ȚȈȔȉțȘȐȕȖȔ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ Ȑ ȉȣȓ
ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕ șȝȖȌșȚȊȖȔ ȍȍ ȓȐȞȈ ș ȓȐȞȖȔ ȆșțȜȈ
ǨȓȐ țșȕțȓ ȕȖ șȖȕ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȘȣȊȈȓșȧ ȚȖ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȔȐ ȊȏȌȖ-
ȝȈȔȐ ȚȖ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȔȐ țȓȣȉȒȈȔȐ Ƕȕ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȌȐȊȕȣȍ șȕȣ Ǩ
ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖșȣȗȈȓșȧ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ ȕȍȎȕȖ șȒȓȖȕȧȓȈșȤ ǴȈȘȈ Ȑ
șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȣȔ ȟȈȘțȦȡȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȈ ȍȔț
— ǫȈȠȐȠ ȋȈȠȐȠ
Ƕȕ ȒțȘȐȓ șȗȈȓ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȊȐȌȍȓ șȕȣ ȒȈȒ ȌȖȓȋȖ — ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȗȕ
șȈȔ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ. ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȐșȟȍȏȓȖ
Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȕȍ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȘȈȏȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȚȤ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ǪȖȓȠȍȉșȚȊȖȔ ȆșțȜȈ Ȑ ǴȈȘȣ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȕȧ-
ȓȈ ȐȕȖȍ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȗȕ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓ ȏȍȔȕȖȍ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȍ Ȑ ȉȓȈ-
ȎȍȕșȚȊȖ

134
VII
ǨȓȐ țȊȐȌȍȓ șȍȉȧ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȒȕȧȏȍȔ Ƕȕ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓ-
șȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȋȈȘȍȔȍ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȖȔ ȊșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔȐ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȧȔȐ ȔȐȘȈ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȖȔ ȒȘȈșȐȊȍȑȠȐȔȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ-
ȔȐ ȘȈȏȕȣȝ șȚȘȈȕ ȋȖȚȖȊȣȔȐ șȓțȎȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȚȧȔ Ȑ ȎȍȓȈ-
ȕȐȧȔ ǵȖ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȔȘȈȟȍȕ ǵȐ ȋȘȈȞȐȖȏȕȣȍ ȚȈȕȞȣ ȕȐ ȌȐȊȕȖȍ
ȗȍȕȐȍ ȕȐ ȒȘȈșȖȚȈ ȗȖȌȊȓȈșȚȕȣȝ ȍȔț ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ Ȋȣ-
ȊȍșȚȐ ȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȧ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȍșȣȡȍȕ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ
ǴȖȋțȟȐȔȐ ȋȓȖȚȒȈȔȐ șȘȈȏț ȖșțȠȐȓ Ȗȕ ȌȖ ȌȕȈ ȟȈȠț ȊȍșȍȓȤȧ
Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȖȌȘȧȝȓȍȊȠȐȔ Ȑ ȘȈșșȓȈȉȓȍȕȕȣȔ
ǭȋȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȋȘțȎȍȕȖ Ȋ ȚȖșȒț Ƕȕ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ șȖȉȘȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ
șȊȖȐ șȐȓȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȚȈȚȤ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȔ, ȕȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧ-
ȕȐȐ ȉȣȓ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ ȥȚȖ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȐȏȓȖȔȈȕ-
ȕȣȑ ș ȘȈșȠȈȚȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȍȘȊȈȔȐ Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȊȖȓȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
ǭȋȖ ȗȘȐȌȊȖȘȕȣȑ ȠțȚ, ȍȊȕțȝ ǫȖȉȉȐȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȘȈȏ-
ȊȓȍȟȤ ȍȋȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȠțȚȒȈȔȐ ǫȖȉȉȐȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓ Ȑȏ șȍȉȧ ȔȈ-
ȓȍȕȤȒțȦ ȋȖȘȉȈȚțȦ ȜȐȋțȘȒț ș ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȊȣȌȈȦ-
ȡȐȔșȧ ȎȐȊȖȚȖȔ, ȕȈ ȚȖȕȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȕȖȎȒȈȝ Ƕȕ ȗȍȓ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȕȣȍ
ȐȔ șȚȐȝȐ ȕȈ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȑ ȔȖȚȐȊ
ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ Țȍȉȧ Ȗ ǴȈȋȖȔȍȚ
ǽȖȚȤ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȍ ȧ ȕȍȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȣȑ.
ǯȈȟȍȔ șȒȈȎȐ Țȣ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȐȓ ȠȍȘȉȍȚ
ǰ ȏȈȗȘȍȚȐȓ ȕȈȗȐȚȖȒ ȊȐȕȖȋȘȈȌȕȣȑ?
— ǷȖȓȖȎȐȔ, Ȕȣ ȕȍ șȓȍȌțȍȔ ȚȊȖȍȔț ȏȈȗȘȍȡȍȕȐȦ ǿȚȖ
ȕȈȔ ȏȈ ȌȍȓȖ ȌȖ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ DzȖȘȈȕȈ" Dz ȟȍȘȚț ȌȍȘȊȐȠȍȑ Ȑ ȈșȒȍȚȖȊ
ǪȐȕȈ șȦȌȈ ǷȖȌȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ ȘȈȏțȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȉȖȒȈȓ
ǰ Ȗȕ șȕȖȊȈ ȏȈȗȍȓ ȌȘȍȉȍȏȎȈȡȐȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ
ǪȐȕȈ șȦȌȈ ǬȖȎȌțșȤ ȓȐ ȧ ȍȋȖ"
Ǩȝ, ȕȈȠȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȉȣșȚȘȈ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖȚȍȟȕȈ
ǵȈȔ șȟȈșȚȤȍ șȖȕ Ȉ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ!
ǬȈ ȗȖȌ ȓțȕȖȑ ȏȈȉȊȍȕȤȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȍȟȕȖ!
— ǫȖȌȈ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ ȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȧșȤ ȉȍșșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ

135
ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ — ǵȍ ȗȘȈȊ ȓȐ ȧ" ǨȓȐ ȔȖȑ ȒȕȧȏȤ Ȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ Ȋȍ-
ȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȈȋȈ ǪȓȈșȚȍȓȐȕ ȒȘȈșȐȊȍȑȠȐȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ
ǷȖȊȍȓȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȐȕȖ ȚȍȒȓȖ ȘțȟȤȧȔȐ ǹȔȖȚȘȐ șȈȔȖ ȕȍȉȖ Ȏȍ-
ȓȈȍȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȑ ȏȖȊȍȚ ȕȈș Ȓ ȊȐȕț
DzȈȒ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȚȣȑ ȉȖȒȈȓ ȕȈȌ ȕȈȔȐ ȕȍȉȖșȊȖȌ
ǷȖȌ ȕȐȔ ȏȈȉȊȍȕȤȧ ȎȌȍȚ ȓȦȌșȒȖȑ ȕȈȠ șȓȈȉȣȑ ȘȖȌ
ǹȔȖȚȘȐ ȒȈȒ Ȑȏ ȒțȊȠȐȕȈ Ȋ ȟȈȠț ȓȤȦȚșȧ șȚȘțȐ
ǵȍȊȍșȚȈ ș ȎȍȕȐȝȖȔ șȓȐȓȐșȤ ȚȈȒ Ȋ ȗȖȞȍȓțȍ!
ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ǨȓȐ șȓțȠȈȓ ș țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȍ ȗȍșȕȐ
ȕȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȕȐ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȈȓȐ
— ǯȈȓȍȑȚȍ ȋȓȖȚȒț ȠțȚȈ ȊȐȕȖȔ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ — Ȑ ȖȚ-
ȝȓȍșȚȈȑȚȍ ȍȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ șȊȖȍȑ Ȍț-
ȘȈȞȒȖȑ ȔțȌȘȖșȚȤȦ
— ǴȖȍȔț ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕț țȋȖȌȕȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȝȈȕȌȘȐȚȤ Ȑ ȧ Ȗș-
ȚȈȊȓȦ ȍȋȖ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǫȖȉȉȐȖ ȕȍ ȚȖ șȔȍȧșȤ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȗȓȈȟȈ ǰ
ȚȖȚȟȈș ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȕȍȋȘȐȚȧȕȒȈ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȈșȤ ȝȓȍșȚȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȒȕțȚȖȔ
ȗȖ șȗȐȕȍ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȧ șȔȍȠȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȗȘȣȎȒȖȑ ȊȣȉȍȎȈȚȤ Ȑȏ
ȟȍȘȚȖȋȈ
ǨȓȐ șȐȌȍȓ ȗȈ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȕȖȔ ȚȘȖȕȍ Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȊȍȓȈ ȓȍ-
șȚȕȐȞȈ țșȚȓȈȕȕȈȧ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȔ ȒȖȊȘȖȔ ǵȈ ȕȍȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖȔȈȠ-
ȕȍȍ ȖȌȍȧȕȐȍ Ȑȏ ȚȖȕȒȖȋȖ ȔȧȋȒȖȋȖ ȠȍȓȒȈ ǻ ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋ șȐȌȍȓȈ
ȘȈȉȣȕȧ ș ȒȈȓȤȧȕȖȔ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȍȔț
ȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȔț ȏȕȈȒț ǬȘțȋȐȍ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȓȐ ȐȏȣșȒȈȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȜȘțȒȚȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ ȗȖȌȕȍșȚȐ Ȑȝ șȊȖȍȔț ȗȖȊȍȓȐ-
ȚȍȓȦ ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȚȘȍȚȤȐ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȗȖ-
ȏȈȌȐ ȍȋȖ ȚȘȖȕȈ Ȑȏ șȓȖȕȖȊȖȑ ȒȖșȚȐ ȘȈȏțȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȘȍȏȤ-
ȉȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖȏȖȓȖȚȖȑ Ȑ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȐ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȊȍȍȘȈ Ȑȏ ȗȈȊȓȐȕȤȐȝ ȗȍ-
ȘȤȍȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȍțșȚȈȕȕȖ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈȊȍȊȈȧ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌț ȕȈ
ǨȓȐ.ǹ ȓȍȊȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȚȘȖȕȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȜȈȊȖȘȐȚȒȈ ǼȈȚȐȔȈ ș
ȟȍȘȚȈȔȐ ȓȐȞȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȐȔȐ ȕȈ ǴȈȘț Ǫ ȊȖȓȖșȈȝ ȍȍ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋȍ-
ȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȈȧ ȌȐȈȌȍȔȈ ȕȈ ȘțȒȈȝ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȉȘȈșȓȍȚȣ
ȕȈ ȉȍȌȘȈȝ ȚȧȎȍȓȣȑ ȘȈȏțȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȣȑ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȌȘȈ-
ȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȔȕȧȔȐ ȗȖȧș ǶȗȐȘȈȧșȤ ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȕȈ ȗȖȘ-
ȚȐȒ ȓȍȊȖȑ ȖȕȈ ȖȉȕȐȔȈȓȈ ȠȍȦ ǨȓȐ Ȑ Ȗȕ șȒȓȖȕȐȓ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȋȘțȌȤ
șȊȖȦ țșȚȈȓțȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȘțȒȖȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ

136
DzȈȒ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȈ Ȑ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȈ ǼȈȚȐȔȈ ȕȖ ȊȖș-
ȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ Ȗ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȓȖ ȍȋȖ șȍȘȌȞȈ. ǭȋȖ ȌțȔȣ
ȉȣȓȐ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȑ Ȑ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȑ, șȒȓȖȕȧȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊȖȑ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȤ ǼȈȚȐȔȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȗȣȚȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍȎ-
ȕȣȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȊȣȊȍșȚȐ ȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖșȚȐ
ǫȘțȉȖ ȖȚȚȖȓȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕțȦ ǼȈȚȐȔț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ, ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ
ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȈ Ȓ ȒȈȗȘȐȏȈȔ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȧ ȕȖ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȍ
ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȈȓȈșȤ ȕȐȟȍȔț ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȔț Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȖȏȊȈȚȤ Ȇșț-
ȜȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȎȐȓ ȗȘȐ ȍȋȖ ȌȊȖȘȍ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȋȖ ȊȐȏȐȘȧ
ȆșțȜ șȒȖȘȖ ȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȐȓșȧ Ȗ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȐ Ȓȕȧȏȧ
— ǴȖȧ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȈ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǨȓȐ,
— ȖȕȈ ȗțșȚȈ Ȑ ȉȍșȞȍȓȤȕȈ ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȗȘȈ-
ȏȌȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ țȋȈșȈȦȚ ȔȖȐ șȐȓȣ ǶȝȖȚȈ ȕȍ
țȊȓȍȒȈȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȖȓȍȍ ǮȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȋȈȘȍȔȈ șȊȖȍȑ ȘȈȉș-
ȒȖȑ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȏȈțȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ țȓȣȉȒȈȔȐ ȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȍȓȐ Ȕȕȍ.
ǴțșȒțȓȣ ȔȖȐ ȖȌȘȧȉȓȐ Ǵȕȍ ȝȖȟȍȚșȧ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȌȈȑ Ȕȕȍ șȖȊȍȚ
Ǻȣ ȝȊȈȓȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ Ȋșȍ ȚȈȑȕȣ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ ǪȍȌȤ Țȣ ȊȖȓ-
ȠȍȉȕȐȒ Ǻȣ ȖȉȔȈȕțȓ Ȕȍȕȧ șȊȖȐȔȐ șȓȈȌȒȐȔȐ ȘȍȟȈȔȐ Ȗ șȟȈ-
șȚȤȍ.. ǹȖȊȍȚțȑ Ȏȍ ȔțȌȘȍȞ!
ȆșțȜ țșȔȍȝȕțȓșȧ ș ȋȖȘȤȒȖȑ ȐȘȖȕȐȍȑ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȕȈȌȔȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȊ ȕȈ ǨȓȐ:
— Ǫșȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȘȈȎ DzțȌȈ ȕȐ ȊȏȋȓȧȕȐ ȊȍȏȌȍ ȓȖȎȤ Ȑ Ȗȉ-
ȔȈȕ ǴȐȘ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚțȔȈȕȕȈȧ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ ȊȣȗȓȣȊȠȈȧ Ȑȏ ȉȍșȒȖ-
ȕȍȟȕȖșȚȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȋ ȕȍȍ ȗȖȋȘțȏȐȚȤșȧ Ǫșȍ ȊȓȈșȚȐȚȍȓȐ
ȔȐȘȈ ȕȍ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ǯȈȟȍȔ Ȏȍ ȔțȟȐȚȤșȧ"
ǷȖȌȟȐȕȐșȤ șțȌȤȉȍ ȍșȓȐ Țȣ țȔȍȕ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ Ȍȓȧ Țȍȉȧ
ȥȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ǵȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȖ Ȍȓȧ
Țȍȉȧ șțȌȤȉȖȑ Ǫșȍ ȓȦȌȐ — ȗȖȚȍȘȧȕȕȣȍ ǽȖȚȤ ȘȊȐ ȕȈ șȍȉȍ ȊȖ-
ȓȖșȣ Țȣ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȖȌȕț ȑȖȚț ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȠȤ ǵȍȉȖ țȕȐȟ-
ȚȖȎȈȍȚ ȗȖșȍȊȣ șȖȏȘȍȊȠȐȍ Ȍȓȧ ȎȈȚȊȣ ǿȍȋȖ Ȏȍ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ Țȣ"
ǪȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȣȍ ȌȊȖȘȞȣ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȊȖșșȍȌȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȚȘȖȕȈȝ ȞȈ-
ȘȐ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȣ — Ȑ ȕȈ Ȑȝ ȘȈȏȊȈȓȐȕȈȝ ȋȕȍȏȌȧȚșȧ ȊȖȘȖȕȣ ǵȈ-
șȓȈȎȌȈȑșȧ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț ȗȖȒȈ ȎȐȊ Ȑ ȔȖȓȖȌ ǴȖȓȖȌȖșȚȤ — șȟȈ-
șȚȤȍ ǪșȗȖȔȕȐ șȖȊȍȚȣ ȔȖȍȑ ȌȖȟȍȘȐ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȗȖȌ-
ȘțȋȐ ǴȈȘȣ ǭșȓȐ Țȍȉȍ ȕȍ ȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ ȏȌȍșȤ ȉȖȓȍȍ Țȣ ȊȖȓȍȕ
ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȕȈș Ȑ ȖȚȣșȒȐȊȈȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ǭșȓȐ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȐȍ
Țȍȉȍ ȕȈȌȖȍȓȐ ȘȈȏȊȓȍȒȈȑșȧ ȌȘțȋȐȔ. Ǻȣ ȕțȎȌȈȍȠȤșȧ Ȋ ȕȖ-
Ȋȣȝ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȧȝ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȍ ȎȐȏȕȐ

— ǬȈ Ȋ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȧȝ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǨȓȐ — ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȇ
ȝȖȟț ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ȧ ȎȈȎȌț ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ
— ǽȖȘȖȠȖ — ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȆșțȜ, — ȊȖȚ ȔȖȑ șȖȊȍȚ ȧ ȏȕȈȦ
ȖȌȕț ȐȕȌȐȑșȒțȦ ȞȈȘȐȞț ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȍȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ Ȟȍ-
ȓȖȔ ȔȐȘȍ Ȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖȒȓȧȓȈșȤ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȘțȒț Ȑ șȊȖȍ Ȗȉ-
ȠȐȘȕȖȍ ȞȈȘșȚȊȖ ȚȖȔț Ȑȏ ȔțȎȟȐȕ ȒȚȖ ȗȘȖȗȖȍȚ Ȋ ȟȍșȚȤ ȍȍ ȓțȟ-
ȠțȦ ȝȊȈȓȍȉȕțȦ ȗȍșȕȤ Ǻȣ ȊȍȌȤ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȍȠȤ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȣȔ ȋȖ-
ȓȖșȖȔ ȗȘȐȔȐ țȟȈșȚȐȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ șȖșȚȧȏȈȕȐȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ șȒȖȘȖ ȌȖȓȎ-
ȕȖ șȖșȚȖȧȚȤșȧ ǬȈȓȍȒȖȍ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ȖșȊȍȎȐȚ Țȍȉȧ Ȉ ȧ ȉțȌț
ȚȊȖȐȔ șȗțȚȕȐȒȖȔ.
ȅȚȖȚ șȖȊȍȚ ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȓ ǨȓȐ Ȑ Ȗȕ țȝȊȈȚȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȕȍȋȖ ș ȎȈȌ-
ȕȖșȚȤȦ ǭȔț ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕțȦ ȐȕȌȐȑ-
șȒțȦ ȞȈȘȐȞț Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȆșțȜ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȟțȌȍșȈ — ȍȔț
ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȍȑ șȊȖȍ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ ȗȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȍȔ
ȊȣȑȚȐ Ȑȏ șȖșȚȧȏȈȕȐȧ
ǹȉȖȘȣ șȒȖȘȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȒȖȕȟȍȕȣ ǵȈ ȌȊȖȘȍ ȌȊȖȘȞȈ ȍȋȖ ȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȓ ȉȍȓȖșȕȍȎȕȣȑ ș ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȖȑ ȋȘȐȊȖȑ ȒȖȕȤ dzȍȋȒȖ ȊșȗȘȣȋ-
ȕțȓ ǨȓȐ ȕȈ șȍȌȓȖ ȖȌțȠȍȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȉțȌțȡȍȍ
ǩȓȍȌȕȣȍ ȡȍȒȐ ȍȋȖ ȖȒȘȈșȐȓ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȐșȟȍȏȕțȊȠȐȑ ȘțȔȧȕȍȞ
Ǫȍșȍȓȣȑ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȑ ȚȘȖȕțȓșȧ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȗțȚȤ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȗȖ-
ȉȍȌȍ ǯȈ ȕȐȔ ȕȈ ȊȖȘȖȕȖȔ ȒȖȕȍ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȆșțȜ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȑ Ȑ
țȋȘȦȔȣȑ, ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȑ ȋȘțȗȗȖȑ ȍȝȈȓȐ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒȐ

138
VIII
ǹȚȘȍȔȧșȤ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕțȚȤ ȞȍȓȐ ǨȓȐ ȊșȍȔȐ șȗȖșȖȉȈ-
ȔȐ țșȒȖȘȧȓ șȊȖȍ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ Ȑ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏ-
ȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȉȣȓ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȋ ǰȕȌȐȦ ǷȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ
ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ șȚȘȈȕȈ ȟțȌȍș. ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȘȐȔȣȍ ȗȖȓȧ Ȑ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȖȓȦȌȕȣȍ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȓȍȎȈȓ Ȑȝ ȗțȚȤ ǨȓȐ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓ țȟȈșȚȐȍ Ȋ
ȊȍșȍȓȤȍ Ȑ ȗȐȘȈȝ ȊȓȈȌȍȚȍȓȍȑ ȐȕȌȍȑșȒȐȝ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȊ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ
ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȍȓȧ ȖȚȌȣȝȈ ǷȖȊșȦȌț ȉȣȓȖ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ șțȍ-
ȚȈ ǵȈ ȔȕȖȋȖȓȦȌȕȣȝ țȓȐȞȈȝ Ȑ ȉȈȏȈȘȈȝ șȚȖȧȓ ȋțȓ. ǯȌȍșȤ ȗȖ-
ȗȈȌȈȓȐșȤ ȐȕȌțșȣ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȝ ȖȌȍȎȌȈȝ ȕȈȋȐȍ ȏȈȕȏȐȉȈȘ-
Ȟȣ ȕȍȋȘȣ ȗȍȘșȣ Ȋ ȎȍȔȟțȎȕȣȝ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȐȧȝ ȒȐȚȈȑȞȣ ȌȐ-
ȒȐȍ ȜȈȒȐȘȣ ȖȚȒȖȘȔȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȈȘșȣ ǵȈȉȖȉȣ Ȋ ȏȓȈȚȖȚȒȈȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȖȌȍȎȌȈȝ ȍȝȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȒȖȕȧȝ Ȑ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȈȝ ǸȍȔȍșȓȍȕȕȐȒȐ
ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ șȊȖȍ ȔȈșȚȍȘșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȕȍȖșȚȖ-
ȘȖȎȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȝȖȎȐȑ ȔȖȋ ȉȣȚȤ ȏȈȌȍȚ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȕȍȉȍȏȖ-
ȗȈșȕȖȑ ȠȚțȟȒȖȑ ȒȈȒ Ȓțȏȕȍȟȕȣȑ ȔȖȓȖȚ ǵȈ țȓȐȞȍ Ȏȍ Ȑ țȟȐ-
ȚȍȓȤ ȖȉțȟȈȓ șȊȖȐȝ țȟȍȕȐȒȖȊ
ǼȈȒȐȘȣ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȐ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ǨȓȐ ț
ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȣȒȘȈȠȍȕȖ ȘȖȏȖȊȖȑ ȒȘȈșȒȖȑ ț ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ Ȋ
ȖȘȈȕȎȍȊȣȑ ȞȊȍȚ ț ȚȘȍȚȤȍȋȖ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȑ ǵȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ
șȐȌȍȓȐ ȖȕȐ Ȑȏ ȋȖȌȈ Ȋ ȋȖȌ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ Ȑ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȔȍșȚȍ ȖȒȘț-
Ȏȍȕȕȣȍ ȚȖȓȗȖȑ ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȒȘȈȚȒȐȍ ȗȖțȟȍȕȐȧ
ȌȘțȋȐȍ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȖȓȖșȈȔȐ ȊȣȒȘȐȒȐȊȈȓȐ ȐȔȍȕȈ șȊȧȚȣȝ
ȘțȒȐ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȣȚȧȕțȚȣ ȒȊȍȘȝț ț ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȑ
Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȖȕȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȋȖȌȈȔȐ ȚȘȍȚȤȐ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȣȊȈȓȐ
șȍȉȧ Ȓ șȚȖȓȉț ȗȖȊȐșȈȧ ȋȘțȌȤȦ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȈȝ ȊȗȐȊȈȊȠȐȝșȧ Ȋ
ȚȍȓȖ ȐȓȐ ȉȐȟȍȊȈȓȐ șȈȔȐ șȍȉȧ ȌȖ ȒȘȖȊȐ
ǪȣȑȌȧ ȏȈ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȌȖȘȖȋȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȔȍȐȓȈșȤ ȚȖ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȚȓȐ-
ȊȣȔ ȌȖȓȐȕȈȔ Ȑ țȡȍȓȤȧȔ ȚȖ ȗȍȘȍșȍȒȈȓȈ ȘȍȒȐ ȚȖ ȠȓȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ
ȋțșȚȣȍ ȚȘȖșȚȕȐȒȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȘȣȟȈȕȐȍ ȚȐȋȘȖȊ
ȚȖ ȗȘȖȗȈȌȈȓȈ Ȋ ȋțșȚȖȔ ȓȍșț ȋȌȍ ȕȈ ȊȣșȖȒȐȝ ȉȈȕȈȕȈȝ ȗȘȣ-
ȋȈȓȐ șȚȈȐ ȒȘȐȊȓȧȦȡȐȝșȧ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕ
ǨȓȐ ȉȣȓ ȋȖșȚȍȗȘȐȐȔȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȕȈȉȖȉȖȔ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȑ ȔȍȎȌț ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ȘȈȏȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ
Ȍȓȧ ȋȖșȚȧ țȋȖșȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȖȑ ȖȝȖȚȖȑ Ǫ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ
ȓȍșȈȝ ȕȈȉȖȉȈ ȊȖȌȐȓȖșȤ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȌȐȟȐ Ȑ ȏȊȍȘȧ ȚȈȒ

139
ȟȚȖ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒȐ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȡȍȋȖȓȤȕțȚȤ șȊȖȍȦ ȓȖȊȒȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ
ȝȘȈȉȘȖșȚȤȦ ǵȖ ȊșȍȋȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ ǨȓȐ ȗȖȕȘȈȊȐȓȈșȤ ȖȝȖȚȈ ȕȈ șȓȖ-
ȕȖȊ ǫȘȖȏȧȡȈȧ ȍȎȍȔȐȕțȚȕȖ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ȏȈȒȈȓȧȓȈ ȚȍȓȖ Ȑ Ȍț-
Ƞț ǶȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȍ ș ȗȖȌȕȧȚȣȔȐ ȒȓȣȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȝȖȉȖȚȖȔ
ȧȘȖșȚȕȖ șȊȍȘȒȈȧ ȕȈȓȐȊȠȐȔȐșȧ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȔȟȈȓȖșȤ
ȕȈ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȒȈ ȝȓȈȌȕȖȒȘȖȊȕȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȍȋȖ ș ȖșȚȘȣȔ ȒȖ-
ȗȤȍȔ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ
ǵțȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ țȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ țȌȈȘȈ Ȑ ȊȖȕȏȐȚȤ
șȊȖȍ ȖȘțȎȐȍ Ȋ ȓȍȊțȦ ȓȖȗȈȚȒț Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ ǷȘȖ-
ȋȖșȚȐȊ ț ȕȈȉȖȉȈ Ȑ ȊȌȖȊȖȓȤ ȕȈșȓȈȌȐȊȠȐșȤ ȖȝȖȚȖȑ ǨȓȐ ȖȚ-
ȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȌȈȓȍȍ ǾȍȓȤ ȍȋȖ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȋșȍ ȉȓȐ-
Ȏȍ Ȑ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ƕȕ țȎȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȖȚ ȊșȚȘȍȟȕȣȝ Ȗ ȟțȌȕȖȑ ȒȘȈșȖ-
Țȍ ȞȈȘȐȞȣ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȊȠȍȑșȧ ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌȖȑ Ȑ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ șȒȖȘȖ
ȌȖȓȎȕȖ șȖșȚȖȧȚȤșȧ șȖșȚȧȏȈȕȐȍ ȗȍȊȞȖȊ șȚȘȍȔȧȡȐȝșȧ ȚȘȖȕțȚȤ
șȍȘȌȞȍ ȋȖȘȌȖȑ ȞȈȘȐȞȣ ǰ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǨȓȐ ȉȐȓȖșȤ ȖȚ șȓȈȌȒȖȑ ȕȈ-
ȌȍȎȌȣ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȗțȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈșȤ ȊȖșȚȖȟ-
ȕȈȧ șȚȖȓȐȞȈ DzȘȐȒ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈ ȊȣȘȊȈȓșȧ Ȑȏ ȋȘțȌȐ ǨȓȐ Ƕȕ
șȚȖȧȓ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȐȐ Ȉ ȗȖȌ ȕȐȔ Ȋ ȌȖȓȐȕȍ țȚȖȗȈȦȡȍȑ Ȋ
ȚȍȕȐ ȗȈȓȤȔ Ȑ ȗȍșȚȘȍȦȡȍȑ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȔȐ ȒțșȚȈȔȐ Ȋ ȋȖȓțȉȖȑ
ȌȣȔȒȍ ȚțȔȈȕȈ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ ȉȍȓȣȍ ȉȈȠȕȐ
ȒȘȖȊȓȐ ȌȊȖȘȞȖȊ Ȑ ȗȈȋȖȌ ǯȍȓȍȕȣȍ ȗȧȚȕȈ șȈȌȖȊ șȘȍȌȐ ȉȍȓȣȝ
șȚȘȖȍȕȐȑ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȓȐ ȒȘȈșȖȚț ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ Ȑ ȕȈȌ ȊșȍȔ ȥȚȐȔ
ȋȖșȗȖȌșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȌȊȖȘȍȞ ș ȉȈȠȕȧȔȐ Ȑ ȒțȗȖȓȈȔȐ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȎȐȓȈ
ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌȈ
ǬȖȓȋȖ șȚȖȧȓ ǨȓȐ, ȖȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȍȔȣȔ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȖȔ ǹȖȓȕ-
Ȟȍ ȓȐȓȖ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȗȖȚȖȒȐ șȊȍȚȈ DzȖȋȌȈ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ ȊȍȟȍȘ ǨȓȐ
ȚȘȖȕțȓșȧ ȌȈȓȍȍ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ƕȕ ȍȝȈȓ șȘȍȌȐ șȈȌȖȊ ȔȐȔȖ ȗȈ-
ȋȖȌ Ȑ ȗȖȓțȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȕȣȝ ȋȘȖȉȕȐȞ ș ȖșȚȈȕȒȈȔȐ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ șȓȈȊ-
ȕȣȝ Ȓȕȧȏȍȑ Ȑ ȕȈȉȖȉȖȊ ǹȈȓȈȔȈȕȌȘȣ ȠȕȣȘȧȓȐ ȗȖȌ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ
ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ Ȉ ȓȍȚȈȦȡȐȍ șȖȉȈȒȐ ȟȍȘȚȐȓȐ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȊșȈȌ-
ȕȐȒȖȊ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȍ ȒȘțȋȐ ǷȘȖȍȏȎȈȧ ȔȐȔȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ șȊȧȡȍȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȊșȍȋȖ Ȋ ȞȊȍȚț ǨȓȐ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȗȖȌ ȕȐȔ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ
ȖȋȖȕȍȒ Ȑ ȉȘȈȔȐȕȖȊ Ȋ ȕȍȔȖȔ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȊȠȐȝ șȊȧ-
ȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȖȉȘȧȌ
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȖșȚȖȧȚȤșȧ șȖșȚȧȏȈȕȐȍ Ȋ
ȗȍȕȐȐ ǶȋȘȖȔȕȣȍ ȚȖȓȗȣ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ ȏȈȗȘțȌȐȓȐ țȓȐȞȣ ȕȈȗȘȈȊ-
ȓȧȧșȤ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȍȞ ȋȌȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȑȚȐ șȖșȚȧȏȈȕȐȍ.

140
ǨȓȐ șȔȍȠȈȓșȧ ș ȚȖȓȗȖȑ ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ șȗȍȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȗȍșȕȦ Ȗȕ
ȝȖȚȍȓ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȚȤ ȕȈ ȊȖșȝȊȈȓȧȍȔțȦ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ǪȔȍșȚȍ
ș ȚȖȓȗȖȑ Ȗȕ ȌȖșȚȐȋ ȌȊȖȘȞȈ ǷȍȊȞȣ țȎȍ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ Ȋ
ȕȍȔȖȔ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȐ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȐȝ ȉȣȓȐ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȕȧȏȤȧ
Ȑ ȕȈȉȖȉȣ ȉȓȍșȒ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ țȒȘȈȠȈȊȠȐȝ Ȑȝ ȖȌȍȎ-
Ȍț șȓȐȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȧȘȒțȦ ȘȈȌțȋț
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȊȣșȖȒȐȍ ȊȖȘȖȚȈ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒț ȗȍȘȍȌ ȌȊȖȘ-
ȞȖȔ ȊȣȠȓȈ ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌȈ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȕȈȧ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȚȍȓȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȍ-
ȓȧȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈȔȐ
ǨȓȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ șȒȈȏȒȍ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȈȓ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȍȍ ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌȣ ǹ ȞȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ȖȕȈ șȖȍȌȐȕȧȓȈ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȟȈȘȣ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȖȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȣ
Ȑ ȖȉȈȧȕȐȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȐ ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȍȍ Ȋ Țȣșȧȟț ȘȈȏ
ȘȈȑșȒȐȝ ȋțȘȐȑ Ȑ ǴȈȋȖȔȍȚ ȕȍ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ ȉȣ Ȑȝ ȗȘȈȊȖȊȍȘȕȣȔ
ȗȖșȓȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ țȊȐȌȍȓ ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌț ǫȖȘȌȍȓȐȊȖ ȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ șȊȖȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȗțȘȗțȘȖȊȣȍ ȋțȉȒȐ ȍȍ țșȔȍȝȈȓȐșȤ
ȍȌȊȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ǵȈ ȕȍȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȓȍȋȒȖȍ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȖȍ
ȖȌȍȧȕȐȍ ȜȐȖȓȍȚȖȊȖȋȖ ȞȊȍȚȈ Ȋșȍ țșȍȧȕȕȖȍ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȈȔȐ
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ ȘȈȌțȎȕȣȔȐ ȖȋȖȕȤȒȈȔȐ ǵȈ ȍȍ ȊȖȓȖșȈȝ
ȟȍȘȕȣȝ ȒȈȒ ȕȖȟȤ ȉȓȍșȚȍȓȈ ȌȐȈȌȍȔȈ ȕȈ ȉȍȓȖșȕȍȎȕȖȑ ȟȈȓȔȍ
țȊȍȕȟȈȕȕȖȑ ȉȍȓȣȔ ȗȍȘȖȔ
Ǫ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȐ ȖȎȐȌȈȓȐ ȗȍȊȞȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȐȔ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖȏȊȖ-
ȓȍȕȖ ȕȈȟȈȚȤ șȖșȚȧȏȈȕȐȍ ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌȈ șȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȚȘȖȕ ǵȖ șȖșȚȧ-
ȏȈȕȐȍ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȖșȤ ȋȘțȗȗȈ ȉȈȧȌȍȘȖȒ ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȓȈ
ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȋȘȈȞȐȖȏȕȣȑ ȚȈȕȍȞ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȕȐ ȘȈș-
șȣȗȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖ Ȗȉȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȚȘȖȕȈ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȏȈȗȍȓȐ ȗȍȊȞȣ ȖȕȐ
ȗȍȓȐ ȗȖ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȗȍȓ ȉțȘȕȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖ ȊȍȚȘț ȗȖȘȣȊȖȔ
ȕȈȓȍȚȍȊȠȍȔț ȕȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ ȗȍșȕȧ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ șȚȘțȐȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒ Șț-
ȟȍȑ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖșȍ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȋȖ ȏȊțȟȈȓȈ ȔȖȓȤȉȈ ǵȖ ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌȈ ȖșȚȈ-
ȊȈȓȈșȤ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȔȘȈȔȖȘ ȕȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȗȍȊȍȞ ȕȍ ȚȘȖȕțȓ ȍȍ
șȍȘȌȞȈ ǹ ȔȐȓȖșȚȐȊȖȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖșȚȤȦ ȗȖȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȍȊ-
ȞȖȊ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ șȍȉȧ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ ȊȖ ȌȊȖȘȍȞ
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȍȕȐȍ șȖșȚȧȏȈȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚȓȖȎȍȕȖ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ǰ
ȗȍȊȞȣ ȘȈȏȖȠȓȐșȤ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ Ȋ șȓȈȌȒȖȑ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ-
ȚȖ Ȑ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȓ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȞȈȘȐȞȣ ǨȓȐ țȠȍȓ ȗȖș-
ȓȍȌȕȐȔ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȒȈȒ ȊȖ șȕȍ ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȖșȚȧȏȈȕȐȧ Ȗȕ ȗȖȟȚȐ
ȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȗȍȊȞȖȊ ȊȍșȤ ȖȚȌȈȊȠȐșȤ șȖȏȍȘȞȈȕȐȦ ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤ-
Ȍȣ ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ǯȈȊȚȘȈ ȘȍȠȐȚșȧ ȍȋȖ șțȌȤȉȈ

141
ǪȍșȤ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ Ȗȕ țȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȖșȚȧȝ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ
Ȋ ȚȍȕȐ ȓȈȊȘȖȊȣȝ ȘȖȡ șȖȉȐȘȈȧșȤ ș șȐȓȈȔȐ Ȑ ȋȖȚȖȊȧșȤ ȗȘȖ-
ȗȍȚȤ ȌȐȊȕțȦ ȗȍșȕȦ Ƕȕ ȔȖȓȐȓșȧ ǨȓȓȈȝț
ǹȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȍȕ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȗȘȍ-
ȌȣȌțȡȐȑ ǺȖȓȗȣ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ ș ȘȈȕȕȍȋȖ țȚȘȈ țșȚȘȍȔȐȓȐșȤ ȒȖ ȌȊȖȘ-
Ȟț Ȑ Ȑȝ ȍȌȊȈ șȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓȈ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȈȧ șȚȘȈȎȈ ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌȈ
ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȊȟȍȘȈ șȐȌȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȚȘȖȕȍ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȑ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȐȍ
ȗȍȊȞȣ ȋȖȚȖȊȧșȤ ȕȈȟȈȚȤ șȖșȚȧȏȈȕȐȍ ǶȕȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȖșȤ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ,
șȗȍȓ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ Ȑ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ șȈȔ ȌțȔȈȓ ȓțȟȠȐȑ
ǵȖ ȞȈȘȐȞȈ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȊșȚȈȓȈ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȈȧ, ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȓȍȋȒȐȔ
ȕȈȒȓȖȕȍȕȐȍȔ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȗȖȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȓȈ ȗȍȊȞȖȊ Ȑ țȎȍ ȗȖȠȓȈ
ȉȣȓȖ Ȓ ȏȖȓȖȟȍȕȣȔ ȊȖȘȖȚȈȔ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȕȍȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȕȕȖȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȗȍȊȍȞ ȒȖȕȟȈȓ șȊȖȦ ȗȍșȕȦ ǨȓȐ
ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȞȈȘȐȞȍ Ȑ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȠȓȈ Ȓ
ȊȖȘȖȚȈȔ ș ȗȘȖșȤȉȖȦ ȗȘȖșȓțȠȈȚȤ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȗȍșȕȦ
ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȓȈ șȊȖȍ șȖȋȓȈșȐȍ ȓȍȋ-
ȒȐȔ Ȑ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȍȕȐȍȔ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ Ȉ ȕȈ ȋțȉȈȝ ȍȍ
ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȗȘȖȗȈȓȈ ȐȘȖȕȐȟȍșȒȈȧ țȓȣȉȒȈ
ǵȍ ȊșȚȈȊȈȧ ș ȒȖȓȍȐ ǨȓȐ ȗȘȖȊȍȓ ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȖ ȔȈȕȌȖȓȐȕȍ Ȑ
ȕȍȎȕȣȍ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȍ ȏȊțȒȐ ȈȒȒȖȘȌȖȔ ȗȘȖȕȍșȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ
Ƕȕ ȏȈȗȍȓ DzȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȔȖȋțȟȈȧ șȐȓȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈ ȍȋȖ ș ȏȍȔȓȐ Ȑ
Ȗȕ ȒțȗȈȓșȧ ȊȣșȖȒȖ Ȋ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȝ ȓțȟȈȝ șȚȘȍȔȧșȤ Ȋșȍ ȊȣȠȍ
Ȑ ȊȣȠȍ Ȓ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȒȈȒ șȖȓȕȞȍ ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌȍ
Ƕȗ ȗȍȓ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ țȚȘȍȕȕȐȑ ȓȈșȒȈȦȡȐȑ ȊȍȚȍȘȖȒ ȗȘȐȕȍș
ȍȔț șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȊȍșȚȤ Ȗ ȕȍȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍȔ ȘȖȏ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ
ȌțȠȐșȚ ȕȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȖȉȊȍȧȓ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȍ ȒțșȚȣ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ
ȒȖșȕțȓșȧ ȍȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ ǰ șȖȓȖȊȍȑ șȐȌȍȊȠȐȑ Ȋ ȘȖ-
ȏȖȊȖȔ ȒțșȚț ȗȖȕȧȓ ȥȚȖ Ȑ șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȖȑ ȚȘȍȓȤȦ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȓșȧ
ȝȊȈȓȍȉȕȣȔ ȋȐȔȕȖȔ ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌȍ Ǩ ȊȍȚȍȘȖȒ ȘȈȏȖȋȕȈȓ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ȕȖȟȕȖȑ ȚțȔȈȕ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȊȣȗȓȣȓȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȖ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȏȈ-
ȐȋȘȈȓȖ ȓțȟȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊțȧ ȒȘȈșȈȊȐȞț ǰ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȗȖȊ-
șȦȌț șȚȈȓȖ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȊȍȏȌȍ ȊȖȞȈȘȐȓȈșȤ ȒȘȈșȖȚȈ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȑ
șȟȈșȚȤȍ
Ƕȕ ȒȖȕȟȐȓ. Ǫșȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ ȊȖșȝȐȡȍȕȕȣȍ ȍȋȖ ȗȍȕȐȍȔ Ǹț-
ȔȧȕȍȞ șȔțȡȍȕȐȧ ȓȍȎȈȓ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ ȞȈȘȐȞȣ Ȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȍ ȔȍȘȞȈ-
ȓȐ ȓȈșȒȖȑ ȕȈ ǨȓȐ ǶȕȈ ȊȐȌȐȔȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȘȖȕțȚȈ Ȑ ǨȓȐ ȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȓ DzȘȐȒ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈ ȊȣȘȊȈȓșȧ Ȑȏ ȚȣșȧȟȐ țșȚ
Ȑ, ȒȖȋȌȈ șȕȖȊȈ ȊȖȞȈȘȐȓȖșȤ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ ȞȈȘȐȞȈ șȖ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ

ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖșȚȐ ȒȖșȕțȓȈșȤ șȊȖȍȑ ȉȍȓȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȋȖ
ȓȉȈ Ƕȕ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȚȤ ȒȘȈȑ ȍȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȧ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȌȈȓȈ ȗȖ-
ȞȍȓȖȊȈȚȤ ȍȔț șȊȖȦ ȘțȒț ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȑ țȊȍȓȈ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȊȖ ȌȊȖ-
ȘȍȞǶșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȍȊȞȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȉȣȚȣ ǨȓȐ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓ ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤ-
ȌȖȑ ǭȍ ȋȖȘȌȖșȚȤ ȉȣȓȈ șȓȖȔȓȍȕȈ ȔȖȋțȟȍȑ ȟȈȘțȦȡȍȑ șȐȓȖȑ
ȍȋȖ ȗȍȕȐȧ

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IX
CȖȊșȍȔ ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȌȍȓȈȓȈșȤ ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȖșȚȈ-
ȓȈșȤ ȖȌȕȈ ș ǨȓȐ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȖȌȍȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȍȍ ȐȕȌȐȑșȒȖȍ ȗȓȈ-
ȚȤȍ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȖȗȖȟȐȊȈȓȤȕȍ ǵȈ ȚȍȘȘȈșȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȋȖȘȌȈȧ Ȑ ȝȖ-
ȓȖȌȕȈȧ ȞȈȘȐȞȈ — ȏȌȍșȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȓȦȉȧȡȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȊ-
ȠȈȧșȧ ȓȦȉȐȔȖȔț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒț ǶȕȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈ ȖȒȕȖ Ȋ șȈȌ Ȑ Ȋ
ȕȍȋȖ ȊȖȓȕȖȑ ȝȓȣȕțȓ ȒȘțȎȈȡȐȑ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȈȘȖȔȈȚ ȘȖȏ Ȑ ȓȐȓȐȑ
ǹȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȍ ȓțȟȐ ȊȘȣȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȖȉȓȐȊȈȓȐ ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌț
ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȒțȗȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȔ ȏȖȓȖȚȍ DzȈȒ ȖȟȈȘȖ-
ȊȈȕȕȣȑ șȚȖȧȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȑ ǨȓȐ Ƕȕ ȚȐȝȖ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȑ
ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȑ ȚȖȟȕȖ Ȋ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȍ ȗȘȖșȚȐȘȈȧ ȊȊȍȘȝ ȘțȒȐ Ȗȉȕȧȓ
ȖȌȕȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȍȍ ȏȈ ȚȈȓȐȦ DzȖȒȍȚȓȐȊȖ șȔȍȧșȤ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȖȕȈ
ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȊ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȋȘȈȞȐȖȏȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ ȕȈȌ ȕȍȑ Șț-
ȒȐ
— ǴȖȧ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȈȧ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ ǨȓȐ ȗȖȌȕȧȊȠȐșȤ ș
ȒȖȓȍȕ Ȑ ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȧ ȍȍ Ȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȋȘțȌȐ
ǺȈȒ ȕȈȟȈȓȈșȤ Ȑȝ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ
ǨȓȐ șȚȈȓ șțȗȘțȋȖȔ ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌȣ ǮȐȏȕȤ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȚȍȒȓȈ șȘȍ-
ȌȐ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ țȝȖȌȐȓȖ DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ
ȉȣȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ ǭșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȗȘȍ-
șȣȡȍȕȕȣȔ ȐȓȐ țșȚȈȓȣȔ ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌȈ ȗȘȐȌțȔȣȊȈȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȕȖ-
Ȋȣȍ Ȑ ȕȖȊȣȍ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȧ Ȑ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ
ȊȐȝȘȍ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȔțȎȟȐȕȈ ǵȍ ȚȍȘȧȑ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȉȍȏ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȧ
— ȊȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȍȍ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȖȔ ǭȑ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖȔȈ ȉȣȓȈ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȤ
ȚȖȟȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȚȈȓȤȕȈȧ ǨȓȐ ȖȕȈ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȔȖȓȖȌ
ȒȘȈșȐȊ Ȑ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȧȓșȧ ȍȍ ȊȖȓȍ ǶȕȈ ȐȋȘȈȓȈ ȐȔ ȒȈȒ
ȒȖȠȒȈ ș ȔȣȠȤȦ ǭȍ ȋȖȘȧȟȐȍ ȘțȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȞȍȗȤȦ ȗȘȐȒȖȊȣ-
ȊȈȊȠȍȑ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ǨȓȐ ǭȑ șȚȖȐȓȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ șȊȖȐ-
ȔȐ ȟțȌȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȗȕ ȒȈȒ ȠȒȖȓȤȕȐȒ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ ț
ȍȍ ȕȖȋ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȣȑ ȍȑ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȉ
ǺȈȒ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ Ȑ ȔȍșȧȞȣ ǵȖ șȘȍȌȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȑ șȘȍȌȐ ȠțȔȈ ȗȐȘȖȊ Ȑ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȘȧ-
ȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȐ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ șȒțȒȈ
Ȑ ȕȍțȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȕȍțȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ǰ șȕȖȊȈ
ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȚțȔȈȕȍ ȊșȚȈȓ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȖȉȘȈȏ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȐ
ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌȈ ȏȕȈȊȠȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȦȕȖȠȍșȒțȦ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ș ȍȋȖ Ȏȍ șȓȖȊ

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țșȗȖȒȈȐȊȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ ȋȓȈȌȧ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȖ
ȓȉț Ȑ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȧ ȓȈșȒȖȊȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ ǵȖ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ
ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓȈ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȋ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȋȕȍȊȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ǨȓȐ
ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȓȦȉȐȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕț ȍȍ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ ȍȋȖ
ȊȣȉȘȈȓȈ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȍ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ
ȍȌȊȈ șȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓȈ șȊȖȦ ȧȘȖșȚȤ ǻȎȍ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț ǨȓȐ ȔȖȋ țȉȍ-
ȌȐȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒȖȍ ț ȕȍȍ ȏȓȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ
ǹȊȖȐȝ ȘȈȉȖȊ Ȑ ȘȈȉȣȕȤ ȖȕȈ ȟȈșȚȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈ ȕȍȡȈȌȕȖ
ȉȐȟȍȊȈȚȤ Ȉ ȗȖȌȗȐșȣȊȈȚȤ șȔȍȘȚȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȋȖȊȖȘȣ ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖ
ȍȑ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ Ȑ ȖȕȈ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓȈ Ȑȝ ș ȟȐșȚȖ ȊȖș-
ȚȖȟȕȣȔ ȌȍșȗȖȚȐȏȔȖȔ ǫȖȓȖȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȍȑ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȍ
ȕȘȈȊȐȓȈșȤ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȔȍȌȓȍȕȐȧ ȖȚșȍȒȈȓȈșȤ ǰȕȖȋȌȈ
ȖȕȈ șȈȔȈ ȕȈȌȍȊȈȓȈ ȗȍȚȓȦ ȕȈ ȠȍȦ ȖșțȎȌȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ
ȚȈȒ ȕȍȊȐȕȕȖ Ȑ ȔȐȓȖ țȓȣȉȈȓȈșȤ ȚȖȟȕȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȓȈ șȈȔȖȍ
ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȌȍȓȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȘȈȑșȒȐȔ ȈȕȋȍȓȖȔ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤ Ȋ ȘȖȊ ȒȖ ȓȤȊȈȔ șȖȊșȍȔ
ȦȕțȦ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȓȈ ǨȓȐ Ȑ șȈȔȈ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ
ȒȈȒ ȌȐȒȐȍ ȏȊȍȘȐ ȘȈșȚȍȘȏȈȓȐ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕțȦ DzȖȋȌȈ ǨȓȐ țȗȘȍ-
ȒȈȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȖȕȈ ȏȈȎȐȔȈȓȈ ȍȔț ȘȖȚ ȘțȒȖȑ ǰ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ ȖȕȈ
ȍȔț șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ țȎȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȕȍ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȓȈ șȖșȚȧȏȈȕȐȑ Ȋ ȗȍ-
ȕȐȐ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȈ ȊȕȖȊȤ șȖȏȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ șȖșȚȧȏȈȕȐȍ
ȘȣȞȈȘȍȑ Ȑ Ȓȕȧȏȍȑ ȅȚȖ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȐȓȖ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ǨȓȐ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ
țșȗȖȒȖȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȓȈșȒȈȔȐ
Ǫșȍ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȓȐȊȍȍ Ȑ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȓȐȊȍȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ǨȓȐ
Ȗȕ ȋȘțșȚȐȓ Ȗ ȔȐȘȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȗȖȌ ȘȖȌȐȚȍȓȤșȒȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȓȍȑ Ȑ Ȗ
ȟȐșȚȖȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȌțȠț ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ǿȈș-
ȚȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓ Ȗȕ Ȓ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȦ ȗȖȘȊȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ ș ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌȖȑ Ȑ ȉȍ-
ȎȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ȍȍ șȚȘȈȕȣ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ șȓȈȉ ȥȚȖ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ ǭȋȖ Ȕț-
ȎȍșȚȊȖ ȉȣȓȖ țȚȘȈȟȍȕȖ ȓȖȉ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȕȈȝȔțȘȍȕ Ȗȕ ȗȖȟ-
ȚȐ ȖȌȘȧȝȓȍȓ ǺȖ Ȗȕ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȈȓșȧ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌȣ ȚȖ, ȒȈȒ
ȘȈȉ, ȓȍȎȈȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȍȑ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȧ ȍȑ șȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȕȖȋț ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȠȍȦ
— Ǻȣ ȒȈȗȘȐȏȕȣȑ țȗȘȧȔȣȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ
ȓȦȉȖȊȕȖ ȍȔț țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ — ȕȖ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȌȖȉȘȣȑ ȖȟȈȘȖ-
ȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȋȖȕȖȠȈ ǶșȚȈȊȈȑșȧ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȒȈȒȐȔ Țȣ ȍșȚȤ ȗȖȚȖ-
Ȕț ȟȚȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȚȈȒȐȔ Țȣ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȕȘȈȊȐȠȤșȧ
Ƕȕ șȓțȠȈȓ ȍȍ ȕȖ ȚȡȍȚȕȖ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȑ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ
ȔȖȓȤȉȖȑ: «ǩțȌȤ ȌȖȉȘȈ Ȑ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȈ».
ǰ Ȗȕ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȉȍȎȌȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȍ ȕȍȚ

145
șȍȘȌȞȈ
Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ Ȗȕ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȘȐȉȍȋȈȓ Ȓ Ȓț-
ȘȍȕȐȦ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ dzȍȎȈ ȕȈ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȣȝ ȗȖȌțȠȒȈȝ Ȗȕ ȒțȘȐȓ ȟȈ-
șȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȚȧȋȐȊȈȧ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȖȌțȘȧȦȡȐȑ ȌȣȔ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓ țșȗȖȒȖȍ-
ȕȐȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȌțȝȈ Ƕȕ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȋȐȉȕȍȚ ȕȖ ȉȣȓ țȎȍ ȕȍ Ȋ
șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ șȍȉȧ șȗȈșȚȐ ǪȐȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ șȕȣ ȕȈȊȍȊȈȍȔȣȍ ȋȈȠȐ-
ȠȍȔ ȖȌțȘȔȈȕȐȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗȈȘȈȓȐȏȖȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȊȖ-
ȓȦǫȈȠȐȠ ȋȈȠȐȠ ȋȈȠȐȠ
Ƕ, ȒȈȒ ȗȘȈȊȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȐȞȈ ǴȈȘȈ — ȋȈȠȐȠ ȒțȠȈȕȤȍ
ȉȖȋȖȊ»
ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌȈ, ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȓȈ ȗȐȘȣ ȏȈ ȗȐȘȈȔȐ ȖșȖ-
ȉȍȕȕȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȖȌȐȕ, ȗȖȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȑ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȕȈ ȖȘ-
ȋȐȦ ǷȐȘțȦȡȐȍ ȗȖȒȖȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ țșȚȓȈȕȕȣȝ ȘȖȏȈȔȐ ȓȖȎȈȝ
ȊȐȕȖ șȚȘțȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȟȈȠȐ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȉȈȧȌȍȘȒȐ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȓȐ
ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȍ ȚȈȕȞȣ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȓțȎȐȊȈȓȐ ȋȖșȚȧȔ ǵȖ ǨȓȐ ȕȘȈȊȐ-
ȓȖșȤ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȏȈȉȊȍȕȐȍ ȌȈȊȈȍȔȖȍ ȒțȘȍȕȐȍȔ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȓȍȎȈȓ, ȖȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȘȍȏȈȔȐ ȕȖ ȕȍ
ȊȣȗțșȒȈȧ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ ȒȈȓȤȧȕȈ ȍȔț ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȋȖȓȖș:
— ǹȉȘȖșȤ ș șȍȉȧ ȘȈȊȕȖȌțȠȕȖȍ ȉȍȏȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ
Ȗȕ — ȖȟȕȐșȤ ȉțȌȤ ȔțȎȟȐȕȖȑ șȖȉȍȘȐ ȊșȦ șȊȖȦ șȐȓț Ȑ șȊȖȦ
ȊȖȓȦ ȉȍȋȐ ȖȚșȦȌȈ ȥȚȐ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȧ ȥȚȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȏȌȍșȤ —
ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȧȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȒȖȘȖ șȖȊșȍȔ Țȍȉȧ ȖȚȘȈȊȐȚ Ǭȍȑ-
șȚȊțȑ — Ȑ Țȣ ȗȖȓțȟȐȠȤ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ șȍȘȌȞȈ
ǰ ǨȓȐ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȓȣȠȐȚ ȋȖȓȖș ǯȦȓȍȑȒȐ
Ƕȕ ȖȚȚȖȓȒȕțȓ ȖȚ șȍȉȧ ȒȈȓȤȧȕ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȖȚȚȖȓȒȕțȚȤ
Ȑ ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌț ǵȖ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȗȕ șȕȖȊȈ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȍȍ ȊȓȈșȚȐ
Ȑ ȍȍ ȟțȌȕȣȍ ȋțȉȒȐ șȕȖȊȈ ȠȍȗȚȈȓȐ ȍȔț Ȗ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȐ Ƕȕ
șȚȘȍȔȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȖȌȕȖȔț Ȑ ȎȍȓȈȓ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȐ-
ȟȍȋȖ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕțȚȤ Ƕȕ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȓ țȎȈș șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȕȖ
ȍȋȖ ȖșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȓ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȊșȚȘȍȟȕȣȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȗțȚȐ ǻ
ȕȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȔțȎȍșȚȊȈ ȗȖȘȊȈȚȤ șȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ȝȖȚȧ Ȗȕ
șȖȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȋȐȉȍȓȤȕȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȍȑ
ȒȖȕȍȞ ǺȈȒ ȎȐȓ Ȗȕ Ȋ șșȖȘȍ șȖ ȊșȍȔ ȔȐȘȖȔ ș ȗȘȐȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔ
ȌțȝȖȔ Ȑ ș ȚȖșȒȖȑ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ
ǹ ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌȖȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȉȍșȗȘȍșȚȈȕ-
ȕȣȍ șșȖȘȣ ȟȈșȚȖ ȖȕȈ țȗȘȍȒȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȐȌȚȐ ȒțȌȈ ȍȔț țȋȖȌȕȖ ȍșȓȐ ȍȔț ț ȕȍȍ ȕȍ ȕȘȈȊȐȚșȧ ǹ

146
ȏȓȖȘȈȌȕȖȑ țșȔȍȠȒȖȑ ȖȕȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑȋ-
ȘțȠȒȈ Ȋ ȍȍ ȘțȒȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȖȕȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȘȈȏȓȖȔȈȚȤ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȑ ȥȚȖ ȊȏȌțȔȈȍȚșȧ ǰ Ȋ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȊșȗȣȝȐȊȈȓȐ ȋȕȍȊ Ȑ
ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤ ǶȕȈ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ ȍȔț ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȔȖȎȍȚ țȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȑ ȟȍȔ
șȒȖȘȍȍ ȚȍȔ ȓțȟȠȍ ȕȖ ȍȌȊȈ Ȗȕ ȌȍȓȈȓ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȠȈȋ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț
ȒȈȒ ȖȕȈ șȕȖȊȈ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ ȓȦȉȧȡȍȑ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐ-
ȕȖȑ ǰ ǨȓȐ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ ǶȕȈ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȖ ȕȍ
ȔȖȋȓȈ ȉȍȏ ȕȍȋȖ ȖȉȖȑȚȐșȤ
Dz ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȦ ȔȍȎȌț Ȑȝ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȈȔȐ ȗȘȐșȖȍȌȐȕȧȓȈșȤ ȍȡȍ
ȘȈȏȕȐȞȈ Ȋ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȧȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȐ
șȚȖȓȐȞȣ ǽȘȐșȚȐȈȕȍ ȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȋ ȞȍȘȒȖȊȤ ȍȊȘȍȐ Ȋ șȐȕȈȋȖȋț
ȔȈȋȖȔȍȚȈȕȍ Ȋ ȔȍȟȍȚȤ ȉțȌȌȐșȚȣ Ȋ ȗȈȋȖȌȣ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȘȎȍȕȞȣ
Ȋșȍȝ ȥȚȐȝ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȑ ȊȘȈȎȌȍȉȕȖ ȖȚȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȌȘțȋ Ȓ ȌȘțȋț ǨȓȐ
ȐșȗȖȊȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȐșȓȈȔ ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȍȑ
ǩțȌȌȣ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȉȣȓ ȜȈȕȈȚȐȒȖȔ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȓ ȌȈȎȍ șȍȉȍ ȖȚșȚțȗ-
ȓȍȕȐȧ ȖȚ DzȖȘȈȕȈ ȗȐȓ ȊȐȕȖ ȕȖ șȊȧȚȖ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȖȉȣȟȈȧȔ ȖȚ-
ȞȖȊ Ȑ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȐȧȔ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȐ ȟȍȔț ȕȈțȟȐȓșȧ ȍȡȍ Ȋ ȌȍȚșȚȊȍ
Ƕȕ șȖȉȓȦȌȈȓ ȗȖșȚȣ ȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ȔȍȟȍȚȤ Ȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȓ ȖȔȖȊȍȕȐȧ
Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȓȖ ȕȈșȔȍȠȒȐ ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌȣ ǹ ȉȘȍȏȋȓȐ-
ȊȖȑ ȋȘȐȔȈșȖȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȍȔț Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍȏȐȘȈȍȚ ȔȈ-
ȋȖȔȍȚȈȕșȒțȦ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȦ Ȑ ȋȖȘȌȐȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ — ȉțȌȌȐșȚȒȈ ǵȖ
șȈȔȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȓȈ țȟȍȕȐȧ ǩțȌȌȣ ȉȣȊȠȍȋȖ Ȋ ȌȘȍȊȕȖ-
șȚȐ șȣȕȖȔ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȐȕȌȐȑșȒȐȝ ȞȈȘȍȑ
ǨȓȐ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ țșȗȍȓ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚȤșȧ ș ȍȋȖ țȟȍȕȐȍȔ Ƕȕ țȊȐ-
Ȍȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȗȖȊȍȌȐ ǩțȌȌȣ Ȑ ȍȋȖ țȟȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕțȚȣ ȓȦȉȖ-
ȊȤȦ Ȓ ȓȦȌȧȔ Ȑ țȉȍȌȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ șȓȍȌțȍȚ
ȍȔț ȗȖȌȟȐȕȧȧșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȊȖȍȑ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖȑ ȕȍȖȉțȏȌȈȕȕȖȑ ȕȈ-
ȚțȘȍ ǶȕȈ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ Ȑ ȚȍȔ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȗȖ-
ȕȧȚȤ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȕțȦ șțȚȤ ȍȋȖ țȟȍȕȐȧ ȍȋȖ ȐșȚȐȕ ǶȕȈ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț
ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍșȗȖșȖȉȕȈ ǶȕȈ ȎȐȓȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȔ ȍȑ ȉȣȓȐ ȕțȎ-
ȕȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȞȊȍȚȣ ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȖșțȌ ȉȍȏ șȖȌȍȘ-
ȎȐȔȖȋȖ Ȑ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȧȓȈ ȖȉȘȧȌȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȜȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖ
ǭȍ ȕȈșȔȍȠȒȐ ȊȣȊȖȌȐȓȐ Ȑȏ șȍȉȧ ǨȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȉȘȖșȈȓ-
șȧ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ș ȒțȓȈȒȈȔȐ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȔȍȧȓȈșȤ ȕȈȌ
ȕȐȔ Ȑ ȊȔȐȋ ȖȉȍȏȖȘțȎȐȊȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ țȓȣȉȒȈȔȐ ǭȋȖ ȘȖȓȤ
ȉȣȓȈ șȚȘȈȌȈȦȡȈȧ — ȍȍ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊțȦȡȈȧ ǹ ȋȖȓȖȊȕȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȦ
Ȑ ȖȚțȗȍȊȠȐȔȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȈȔȐ ȝȖȌȐȓ Ȗȕ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȐȡȈ ȊȣȝȖȌȈ
Ƕȕ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ Ȗȕ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȍȠȒȈ ȕȈ ȠȈȝȔȈȚȕȖȑ

147
ȌȖșȒȍ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȐșȒȈȓ ȏȈȉȊȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȒțȘȍȕȐȐ ȋȈȠȐ-
ȠȈDzȖȕȍȞ ȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ șȚȈȓȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ țȋȖȌȕȖ ȞȍȕȖȑ ȕȖ
ȒȖȕȍȞ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȏȊȈȓ ȆșțȜȈ Ȋ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ Ȋȍ-
ȘȐȓ Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ ȍȔț șȊȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ
— DzȈȒ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ
ȎȐȓ Ȋ ȌȖȔȍ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȑ Ȑ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȑ ȇ ȖȝȖ-
ȚȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȐșȒȈȓ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȓțȟȠȍȋȖ ǷȖȏȌȕȍȍ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ țȏȕȈȓ Ȑ
ȗȖȓȦȉȐȓ ǯȦȓȍȑȒț șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȍȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ǵȖ
ȊȖȚ șȚȘȧșȓȖșȤ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ ȓȐȠȐȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊșȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȕțȓȖ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ Ȓ ȏȍȔȓȍ Ǻȣ ȧȊȐȓșȧ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȍȏȊȈȕȣȑ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȖȠȍȕ-
ȕȣȑ Ȑ Ȋ ȊȣșȖȒȖȗȈȘȕȣȝ șȓȖȊȈȝ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȚȊȖȦ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ.
ǵȖ Țȣ ȕȍ șȌȍȓȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȋȖ Ǻȣ șȌȍȓȈȓ Ȑȏ Ȕȍȕȧ
șȓȈȉȖȊȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȑ ȓȐȠȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȔȖȍȑ ȦȕȖȠȍșȒȖȑ șȐ-
ȓȣǽȖȓȖȌȕȣȔ Ȑ ȚȊȍȘȌȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ȍȔț ȆșțȜ Ȑ ȍȋȖ
ȗȍȗȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȘȖȕȐȞȈȓȐ ǨȓȐ
— ǵȍȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȣȑ ǸȈȏȊȍ Țȣ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȊȣșȐȓșȧ ș ȔȖȍȑ ȗȖ-
ȔȖȡȤȦ" Ǻȣ șȚȈȓ ȒȕȧȏȍȔ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȚȍȓȍȔ ȒȘȈșȐȊȍȑȠȐȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ.
ǿȍȋȖ ȕțȎȕȖ Țȍȉȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊșȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȈ"
Dz ȟȍȔț ȗȖșȓțȎȐȓȖ Țȍȉȍ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ" Ǻȣ șȈȔ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ
ǯȈȟȍȔ Țȣ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ șȖȊȍȚȈȔ ǴȈȘȣ ȔȖȍȑ ȌȖȟȍȘȐ" ǴȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖȓȍȏȕȍȍ Ȍȓȧ Țȍȉȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȗȖșȓțȠȈȚȤșȧ țȔȕȖȑ
ǹțȘȣ"
— ǶȉȖȓȤșȚȐȚȍȓȤ ǰ Țȣ ȥȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȠȤ" ȇ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȓșȧ Țȍȉȍ
ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ Ȑ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț ȧ ȕȍ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ
ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȊȐȕȣ ǯȈȟȍȔ ȖȚȌȈȓ Țȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ǴȈȘȍ Ȑ ȌȖȗțșȚȐȓ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȕȍȖȗȣȚȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȌȈȚȤșȧ ȍȍ ȟȈȘțȦȡȐȔ șȓȖȊȈȔ Ȑ ȖȉȖȓȤ-
ȡȍȕȐȧȔ" ǭșȓȐ ǹțȘȈ ȓțȟȠȈȧ ȗȖȟȍȔț ȕȍ ȗȖșȓȈȓ Țȣ ȍȍ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ
ȖȌȕț" ǷȖȟȍȔț șȓȖȊȈ ȍȍ ȉȣȓȐ Ȕȍȕȍȍ țȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ" ǷȘȖȟȤ
ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ Ǻȣ ȌȤȧȊȖȓ Ȑ ȚȊȖȧ ǴȈȘȈ — ȊȍȌȤȔȈ ǶȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖ-
ȋțȉȐȓȈ ǶȕȈ ȌȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȧȌ ș ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ ǩȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȍȔț ȗȘȖ-
ȗȈȓȈ ȔȖȧ șȐȓȈ Ȑ ȖșȓȈȉȍȓ ȔȖȑ Ȍțȝ. Ǫ ȋțȉȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȕȐȟȍȋȖȕȍ-
ȌȍȓȈȕȐȐ Ȋ ȏȈȊȓȍȒȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȧȝ ȧ ȗȖȋȐȉ Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ
ȕȍ ȌȖȠȍȓ ȌȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ
— ǵȍ ȎȈȓțȑșȧ ȥȚȖ Țȍȉȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȍșȍȚ ȗȖȓȤȏȣ ǰșȗȖȓȕȧȑ
ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Țȍȉȍ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȖ Ǻȣ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȒȈȒ ȓȐșȚȖȒ ȋȖȕȐ-

Ȕȣȑ ȗȖ ȊȖȓȍ ȊȍȚȘȈ — ȚȊȖȍȑ șțȌȤȉȣ
— Ǻȣ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ ȖȉȖȓȤșȚȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȑ" ǷȖ-
ȔȖȋȐ Ȕȕȍ ȓțȟȠȍ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤ șȍȉȍ ǯȦȓȍȑȒț ǹȓȣȠȐȠȤ ǯȦȓȍȑ-
ȒȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤșȧ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȕȍșȍȚ Ȕȕȍ ȘȈ-
ȌȖșȚȤ
— ȅȚȖ șȉțȌȍȚșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ǷȖȟȍȔț ȕȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ Țȣ
ȏȈ ȕȍȦ Ȑ ȍȍ ȗȖȝȐȚȐȚȍȓȍȔ Ȋ Țț Ȏȍ ȕȖȟȤ" ǵȖ ȚȈȒȖȊȣ Ȋșȍ Ȋȣ-
șȖȒȐȍ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈ. ǪȔȍșȚȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ
șȍȉȧ Ȑ ȕȈ șȊȖȐ șȐȓȣ Ȋȣ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȍȚȍșȤ Ȓ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ Ȑ ȊȐ-
ȕȐȚȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈș ȍșȓȐ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ ȕȍ ȗȖ ȊȈȠȍȔț
ȎȍȓȈȕȐȦ ǵȖ ǨȓȐ Țȣ ȉȖȓȍȕ Ȑ ȧ ȕȍ ȝȖȟț ș ȚȖȉȖȑ șȗȖȘȐȚȤ
ǺȈȒ ȒȈȒ Țȣ șȚȘȍȔȐȠȤșȧ Ȓ ȒȐȗțȟȍȑ Ȑ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȖȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖșȚȐ ȚȖ ȧ ȔȖȋț Țȍȉȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ Ǻȣ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ șȍ-
ȊȍȘȕȍȍ Ȋ ǰȕȌȖșȚȈȕȍ ȏȈȔțȎȍȔ ȏȈ ȞȈȘȍȔ șȍșȚȘȈ ȚȊȖȍȑ șțȗ-
ȘțȋȐ ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌȣ ǴȈȑȧ ǷȖ ȒȘȈșȖȚȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ țșȚțȗȈȍȚ
șȊȖȍȑ șȍșȚȘȍ ȕȖ ȔȖȓȖȎȍ ȍȍ ǴȈȑȧ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȍȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȚȧȎȍȓȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȍȍ ȗȖ ȗȧȚȈȔ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌțȍȚ ǴȖȉȍȌ ȗȍȘ-
Ȋȣȑ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘ ȞȈȘȧ ȊȓȦȉȐȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȞȈȘȐȞț DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ
ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȖȌȕȈ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȍȕșȒȖȑ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȍ Ȗȕ țȎȍ ȏȈ ȕȍȑ.
ǶȕȈ ȖȚȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ — Ȗȕ ȝȊȈȚȈȍȚ ȍȍ ȏȈ ȘțȒț Ǫ ȗȐșȤȔȈȝ Ȓ
ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌȍ ǴȈȑȧ ȋȖȘȤȒȖ ȎȈȓțȍȚșȧ ȕȈ șȊȖȦ șțȌȤȉț Ȑ ȗȘȖșȐȚ
ț șȍșȚȘȣ ȏȈȡȐȚȣ DzȖȘȖȓȤ șȚȈȘ Ȑ șȓȈȉ Ȗȕ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊȗȈȓ Ȋ ȌȍȚ-
șȚȊȖ Ȑ ȎȍȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȐȔȍȚȤ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȏȈȡȐȚȣ
ǪșȦ șȊȖȦ ȊȓȈșȚȤ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ ǴȖȉȍȌț ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȍȊȏȖȠȍȓ
șȊȖȐȔ ȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ Ȋșȍȝ ȚȐȘȈȕȖȊ ǵȈȘȖȌ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȊȖșșȚȈȚȤ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȊ ȕȍȋȖ ȚȈȒ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ǷȘȐ ȕȍȔ ȕȐȟȤȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ
Ȑ ȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȕȍ Ȋ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ǷȖȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șȗȖ-
șȖȉȍȕ ȗȖȒțșȐȚȤșȧ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈ ȎȐȏȕȤ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȧ ǨȓȐ
ȊȖȌȊȖȘȐ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕȍ Ȑ șȗȈșȐ ǴȈȑȦ Ȑȏ ȒȖȋȚȍȑ ǴȖȉȍȌȈ
ȅȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȌȍȓȖ, ȊȗȖȓȕȍ Țȍȉȧ ȌȖșȚȖȑȕȖȍ
ǨȓȐ ș țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍȔ ȊȣșȓțȠȈȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȋ șȍ-
ȉȍ ȗȓȈȔȧ ǷȍȟȈȓȤȕȈȧ șțȌȤȉȈ ǴȈȑȐ ȚȘȖȕțȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȓȈ
ȍȔț ȗȖȒȖȧ Ƕȕ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȍȓȧ ȍȍ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ
ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȒȖȘȍȍ țȍȝȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ȌȊȖȘȞȈ ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌȣ ǾȈȘȐȞȈ
ȖȝȖȚȕȖ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȗțșȚȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ șȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȏȍ-
ȓȈȕȐȦ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ ȍȍ șȍșȚȘȍ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȘȈȌȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȚȢȍȏȌț șȊȖȍȋȖ
șțȔȘȈȟȕȖȋȖ șțȗȘțȋȈ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȈ șȊȖȍ ȉȓȖȋȖșȒȓȖȕȕȖȍ
ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȓȤȕȖȖȚȗțȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȉȈ

149
X
ǵȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȍ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȍȕȣ
Ȑ ǨȓȐ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȑ ș ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȌȖ ȕȖȋ Ȑ Ȋ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȍȕȐȐ
ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȖȚȘȧȌȈ ȚȘȖȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ǰȕȌȖșȚȈȕ ǴȣșȓȐ Ȗ ǴȈȑȍ
ȏȈȒȈȓȧȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȍȓȧ ȉțȌțȡȍȋȖ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȉȖȌȘȣȔ
ȝȖȚȧ ȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȓ șȍȉȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȖȚȌȣȝȈ ȗȘȖȍȏȎȈȧ ȊȍȘȝȖȔ ȕȈ ȒȖȕȍ
ȟȍȘȍȏ ȋȖȘȣ Ȑ ȌȖȓȐȕȣ
ǵȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȍ ǰȕȌȖșȚȈȕȈ țșȓȣȠȈȓ Ȗȕ ȌțȘȕȣȍ ȊȍșȚȐ ǹȚȈ-
Șȣȑ ȞȈȘȤ țȔȍȘ ǷȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȔ ȊșȚȘȍȟȕȣȝ ȗȈșȚțȝȖȊ ǴȖȉȍȌ
ȖȚȘȈȊȐȓ ȍȋȖ ǭȋȖ ȊȌȖȊȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖ ȖȉȣȟȈȦ șȚȘȈȕȣ ȗȖ-
șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȔțȎȍȔ Ȑ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȖȔ șȖȎȎȍȕȕȖȑ
ȕȈ ȒȖșȚȘȍ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȔȍșȚȤ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖȚȍȘȗȍȓ ȕȍ-
țȌȈȟț Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ țȝȈȎȐȊȈȕȤȧȝ ǨȓȐ ȗȖȕȍșșȧ ȒȈȒ ȉțȘȧ șȚȘȍȔȧșȤ
șȒȖȘȍȍ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕțȚȤ șȚȖȓȐȞȣ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȤ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ Ǫȍȏ-
Ȍȍ ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȓȐ ǴȖȉȍȌȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗ ȞȈȘȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȓ
șȚȘȈȕȖȑ ȔȐȓȖșȍȘȌȕȖ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȗȈȓ ȗȖȌ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ
ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȈ Ȑ ȊșȍȔ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ ȎȈȓȍȓ ȉȍȌȕțȦ ǴȈȑȦ
ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȋȐȉȕțȚȤ ȕȈ ȒȖșȚȘȍ Ȋ ȘȈșȞȊȍȚȍ ȒȘȈ-
șȖȚȣ Ȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȐ
ǹȔȧȚȍȕȐȍ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȖ Ȋșȍȑ șȚȘȈȕȖȑ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȘțȠȍȕ,
ȏȈȒȖȕ Ȑ ȗȘȈȊȖ ȗȖȗȘȈȕȣ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ǷȘȐșȗȍȠȕȐȒȐ ǴȖȉȍȌȈ ȗȖȌ-
ȎȐȋȈȓȐ ȔȍșȚȍȟȒȐ Ȑ șȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȈȓȈȟȐ șȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȕȐ-
ȒȈȔȐ șȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȊșȦȌț ȊȐșȍȓȐȞȣ ǹȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȐ ȊȖȌȊȖ-
ȘȐȚȤ ȞȍȕȖȑ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ DzȖȘȖȓȤ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȗȖ-
șȓȍ șȍȉȧ ȗȖȚȖȔșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȧȔȖȑ ȕȈșȓȍȌȕȐȒ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȗȓȍȕț
Bșe ȥȚȖ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȓȖ Ȋ ǨȓȐ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖșȚȤ ȊȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ
șȚȈȓȖ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȚȤ ȞȈȘȐȞț ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ Ȍȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ Ȋȣȑ-
ȚȐ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȊșȍȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ Ƕȕ ȋȖȘȍȓ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȍȔ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕțȚȤ
șȊȖȍȑ ȞȍȓȐ ǴțșȒțȓȣ ȍȋȖ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȎȍȓȍȏȖ Ƕȕ
ȉȣȓ ȗȖȝȖȎ ȕȈ ȊȖȐȕșȚȊțȦȡȍȋȖ ȉȖȋȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȒȘț-
Ȏȍȕȕȣȑ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȈȔȐ ș ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȔȍȟȖȔ Ȑ șȊȍȘ-
ȒȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȓȕȐȧ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȌȖșȚȐȋ ȊȖȘȖȚ șȚȖȓȐȞȣ ȅȚȖȚ
ȉȖȋ ȧȊȐȓșȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍșȚȐ șțȌ Ȑ ȘȈșȗȘȈȊț Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȟȤ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȕȈ
șȊȖȦ șȚȖȘȖȕț
ǨȓȐ ȧȊȐȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ Ȋ șȈȔȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ
ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ — Ȑ ǴȈȑȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȉȣ ȗȍȗȓȖȔ

150
ǵȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȑ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ șȚȖȓȐȞȣ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȔ ȉȍȏ-
ȔȖȓȊȐȐ șȚȖȧȓȈ ȚȖȓȗȈ ǪȘȍȔȍȕȈȔȐ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȋȓțȝȖȑ ȘȖ-
ȗȖȚ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȑ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȋȘȖȔȖȊȣȔ ȘȈșȒȈȚȈȔ Ǭȓȧ ȖȚȒȘȣ-
ȚȖȋȖ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȐ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ șȓȈȉȣ Ȑ ȏȈȗțȋȈȕȣ
ǷȖșȘȍȌȐȕȍ ȕȈ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȦ ȔȍșȚȍ ȧȊȓȧȓȖșȤ ȔȘȈȟȕȖȍ ȏȘȍ-
ȌȐȡȍ ǵȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ șȓȖȎȍȕȕȖȔ Ȑȏ ȌȘȖȊ ȗȖȔȖșȚȍ Ȋ ȊȍȓȐȒȖ-
ȓȍȗȕȖȑ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȓȈȌȤȐ ș ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȊȣȘȍȏȈȕ-
ȕȣȔ Ȑȏ ȌȍȘȍȊȈ ȐȌȖȓȖȔ ȕȈ ȕȖșț ȗȖȒȖȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȖȔ
ȖȌȍȧȕȐȐ ȚȍȓȖ țȔȍȘȠȍȋȖ ȞȈȘȧ. ǩȖȋȈȚȍȑȠȐȑ ȗȖȒȘȖȊ ȕȐșȗȈ-
ȌȈȓ ș ȓȈȌȤȐ ȕȈ ȌȘȖȊȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȓ ȘȍȏȒȐȑ ȒȖȕȚȘȈșȚ ș ȗȍ-
ȟȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȖȑ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȧȘȒȐȔȐ ȒȘȈșȒȈȔȐ ǵȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ Ȋȍ-
ȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȊȖșȒȖȊȖȔ ȓȐȞȍ țșȖȗȠȍȋȖ Ǫșȍ ȖȘț-
ȎȐȍ ȔȍȘȚȊȖȋȖ ȞȈȘȧ ȉȣȓȖ șȖȉȘȈȕȖ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ȡȐȚȣ ȒȖȗȤȧ Ȕȍ-
ȟȐ Ȑ ȓțȒȐ ș ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȣȔȐ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȘȖȋȈ Ȍȓȧ ȖȝȖȚȣ
Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȗȐȘȖȊ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȒțȉȒȐ ȚȈȘȍȓȒȐ ȟȈȠȐ șȍȘȍȉȘȖ Ȑ ȏȖȓȖ-
ȚȖ ȒȖȓȤȞȈ ȞȍȗȐ Ȑ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȍ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȐȧ ȖșȣȗȈȕȕȣȍ ȉȘȐȓ-
ȓȐȈȕȚȈȔȐ ȖȗȈȓȈȔȐ șȈȗȜȐȘȈȔȐ ȘțȉȐȕȈȔȐ Ȑ șȔȈȘȈȋȌȈȔȐ
Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ ȐșȒȘȣ ǫȘțȌȣ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡ ȉȣȓȐ șȖȉȘȈȕȣ
ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȒȖșȚȘȍ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȣ Ȋ ȎȍȘȚȊț ȗȓȈȔȍȕȐ ȝȖȚȧ ș
ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ Ȑȝ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈȒȖȘȔȐȚȤ ȋȖȓȖȌȕȣȝ șȖ ȊșȍȋȖ
șȊȍȚȈ ǪȕȐȏț ț ȗȖȌȕȖȎȤȧ ȓȈȌȤȐ, ȓȍȎȈȓ țȉȐȚȣȑ ȒȖȕȤ țșȖȗ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ șȋȖȘȍȚȤ ȊȔȍșȚȍ șȖ șȊȖȐȔ ȝȖȏȧȐ-
ȕȖȔ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȓțȎȐȚȤ ȍȔț Ȑ ȕȈ ȚȖȔ șȊȍȚȍ ǹȉȖȒț ȚȍȓȈ ȊȖȏȊȣ-
ȠȈȓșȧ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȑ ȔȍȚȈȓȓȐȟȍșȒȐȑ șȖșțȌ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȒȘȈșȕȣȔ
ȧȏȣȒȖȔ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȖșȤ ȎȍȘȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȓȈȔȧ Ȑ ȊȈȓȐȓ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ
ȋțșȚȖȑ ȌȣȔ ǵȖ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȒȖȕȍȔ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȈșȤ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȈȧ
ȎȍȘȚȊȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȍȍ Ȑ șȚȘȈȠȕȍȍ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ — ǴȈȑȧ ȎȍȕȈ
țȔȍȘȠȍȋȖ ȌȈȘȧ Ǫșȍ ȟȚȖ șȓțȎȐȓȖ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȔț ȗȘȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȓțȎȐȚȤ ȍȔț Ȑ ȗȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȖȘțȎȐȍ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ
ȊȣȍȏȎȈȓ Ȗȕ ȕȈ ȉȐȚȊț ș ȊȘȈȋȈȔȐ ȗȓȈȚȤȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȗȕ ȕȖșȐȓ
ȟȈȠȐ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȗȕ ȗȐȓ ȚȈȘȍȓȒȐ Ȑ ȉȓȦȌȈ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȗȕ
ȍȓ ȒȖȕȤ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȍȏȌȐȓ Țț Ȏȍ țȟȈșȚȤ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȘȈȏ-
ȌȍȓȐȚȤ ș ȕȐȔ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȎȍȕȈ
ǨȓȐ ȧȊȐȓșȧ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ Ȑ ȘȐȕțȓșȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȔȍȟȖȔ ȗȘȖȒȓȈ-
ȌȣȊȈȧ șȍȉȍ ȌȖȘȖȋț ǵȈ ȖȌȕȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȒȘȣ-
ȊȈȊȠȈȧșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȔȘȈȟȕȈȧ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ Ƕȕ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț Ȋ ȌȐȈ-
ȌȍȔȍ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȐȧȝ țȉȘȈȕȕțȦ, ȒȈȒ ȕȈ șȊȈȌȤȉț ǶȕȈ

151
șȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȖȉȍȏțȔȍȊȠȐȔȐ ȖȚ țȎȈșȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȓȉț
ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȗȖȚ Ȑ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȍȘȣȊȐșȚȖ DzȈȒ
ȚȐȋȘ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȗȘȣȎȒȖȔ ȌȖșȚȐȋ ȍȍ ǨȓȐ ȔȍȟȖȔ ȘȈșșȍȒ ȊȍȘȍȊ-
ȒȐ ȖȗțȚȈȊȠȐȍ ȍȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȖȉȝȊȈȚȐȓ ǴȈȑȦ ȓȍȊȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ Ȉ ȗȘȈ-
ȊȖȑ șȚȈȓ ȗȖȘȈȎȈȚȤ ȔȍȟȖȔ șȚȖȧȊȠțȦ ȗȖȌȓȍ ǴȈȑȐ șȚȘȈȎț
ǷȖȟȚȐ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȊȏȔȈȝȖȔ ȔȍȟȈ ȉȣȓȐ țȉȐȚȣ ȚȘȖȍ — ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ
ȘȈȏȉȍȎȈȓȐșȤ ǸȈȌȖșȚȕȣȑ ȒȘȐȒ ȊșȒȖȓȣȝȕțȓ ȚȖȓȗț Ȑ ȉȣȓ ȗȖ-
ȝȖȎ ȕȈ ȠțȔ ȊȏȊȖȓȕȖȊȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȔȖȘȧ Ȑ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖȔ
ȒȘȐȒȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚȊȐȐ ȟțȎȍșȚȘȈȕȞț ȧȊȐȊȠȍȔțșȧ ȒȈȒ
ȘȈȏ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȣȓȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈȒȖȗȐȊȠȈȧșȧ ȋȖȌȈȔȐ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤ Ȓ
ǴȖȉȍȌț DzȈȒ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ Ȋȏȧȓ ǨȓȐ ȉȍșȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ǴȈȑȦ Ȑ ȗȖ-
ȕȍș Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț ȒȖȕȦ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȌȍȘȎȈȓ ȍȋȖ șȓțȋȈ ǩȣșȚȘȖ ȊșȒȖ-
ȟȐȓ Ȗȕ Ȋ șȍȌȓȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȗțșȒȈȧ Ȑȏ ȘțȒ șȊȖȍȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȖȑ ȕȖȠȐ
ǨȓȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȌȢȍȔ ȌțȝȈ șȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ țșȖ-
ȚȖȘȐȓȈșȤ Ȗȕ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȣȏȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȍȌȐȕȖȒ ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ
ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ ȏțȉȣ ȉȣȓȐ șȚȐșȕțȚȣ — Ȗȕ ȎȈȎȌȈȓ ȒȘȖȊȐ
ȊȘȈȋȖȊ ǴȈȑȐ ǴȖȉȍȌ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ș ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȔȍȟȖȔ
Ȑ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȍȋȖ ȊȐȌȖȔ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȕȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ
Ȕȍȟ ǨȓȐ șȊȍȘȒȕțȓ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ Ȑ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓ ȕȈșȔȍȘȚȤ ȚȐȘȈȕȈ
ǸȈȌȖșȚȤ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞ DzȘȐȒȐ Ȋ ȟȍșȚȤ ǨȓȐ șȖ-
ȚȘȧșȈȓȐ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȚȍșȕȐȓșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȕȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȕȍ-
ȗȖȉȍȌȐȔȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȖȌȞȈ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ Ȑ ȕȖȋȐ ȘȈș-
șȚȐȓȈȓȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ șȊȖȐ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȔ ȠțȔȧȡȐȔ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȒȖȔ ȊȈȓȐȓȈ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȈȔ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȧ ȍȋȖ Ȓ ȞȈȘ-
șȒȖȔț ȌȊȖȘȞț
ǨȓȐ ȌȊȐȋȈȓșȧ șȘȍȌȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȓȦȌșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȚȖȒȈ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ Ȋ
ȋȘțȌȐ ȕȍȐȏȢȧșȕȐȔțȦ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ǬȈȊȕȖ ȕȍ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓ Ȗȕ ȕȐ-
ȟȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ Ƕȕ ȊȍȘȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ ȊȏȖȠȓȈ ȕȖȊȈȧ ȏȊȍȏ-
ȌȈ ȍȋȖ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǷȘȈȊȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ șȎȐȔȈȓ Ȗȕ ȘțȒȖȧȚȤ ȔȍȟȈ ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȍȡȍ
șȚȘțȐȓȈșȤ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȓȍȊȖȑ ȗȘȐȎȐȔȈȓ Ȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȋȘțȌȐ ȉȍșȟțȊșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕțȦ ǴȈȑȦ Ƕȕ ȐȔȍȓ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȘȈș-
șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȍȍ Ȑ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȍȍ ȒȘȈșȖȚȖȑ ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȈ
ȕȈ șȊȖȦ șȍșȚȘț ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌț ȕȖ ȔȐȓȖȊȐȌȕȍȍ ȍȍ Ȑ ȉȣȓȈ ȋȖ-
ȘȈȏȌȖ ȔȖȓȖȎȍ ǶȕȈ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓȈ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȕȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒț ȟȍȔ ȕȈ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕț ǭȍ ȉȍȓȖȒțȘȣȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ șȗȈȌȈȓȐ ȓȍȋȒȐȔȐ ȊȖȓȕȈȔȐ ȕȈ
ȍȍ ȗȓȍȟȐ Ȑ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕțȦ ȋȘțȌȤ dzȦȉȖȊȕȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ șȔȖȚ-
Șȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ǨȓȐ Ƕȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȍȍ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȚȍȗȓȖȚț ȍȍ Țȍ-

152
ȓȈ Ȑ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȕȍȍ șȊȖȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ Ƕȕ ȍȌȊȈ țȌȍȘ-
ȎȐȊȈȓșȧ ȖȚ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ȍȍ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȚȤ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȖȝȐȡȈȚȤ ț
ȕȍȍ ȗȖȞȍȓțȑ ȚȈȑȕȖ ȖȕȈ șȈȔȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ
ȗȖ ȌȖȉȘȖȑ ȊȖȓȍ ǵȖ ȍȍ ȟțȌȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȊȈȓȐ ȍȡȍ ȍȋȖ
ȓȐȞȖ ȍȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȓȍȌȕȖ ǶȕȈ ȗȖȝȖȎȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈ șȒȈȏȖȟȕțȦ ȗȘȐȕ-
Ȟȍșșț țșȣȗȓȍȕȕțȦ Ȋ ȦȕȖșȚȐ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȣȔȐ ȟȈȘȈȔȐ Ȑ ǨȓȐ
ȋȖȘȌȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȚȖȚ ȗȘȐȕȞ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȓ ȍȍ Ȑ ȊȍȘ-
ȕțȓ Ȓ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǴȈȓȖ-ȗȖȔȈȓț ǴȈȑȧ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ Ȋ șȍȉȧ Ȑ țȏȕȈȓȈ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȗȈ-
șȐȚȍȓȧ ȕȍȊȣȘȈȏȐȔȈȧ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ șȊȍȘȒȕțȓȈ Ȋ ȍȍ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȝ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȊȠȐȝșȧ șȓȍȏȈȔȐ ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȗȘȖ-
ȐȏȕȍșȚȐ ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ ȕȖ ȗȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȦ ȍȍ ȓȐȞȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ
ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚ. ǶȕȈ ȊȏȧȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȓȈ ȍȍ Ǻȍ-
ȗȍȘȤ ǨȓȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ țȎȍ șȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ Ȗȕ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȍȍ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊȒȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȗȈȓ ȋțȉȈȔȐ Ȓ ȍȍ ȋțȉȈȔ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȊ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȍȔț
ȖȚȊȍȟȈȍȚ.
ǵȈȘȖȌ ȕȍ țȔȖȓȒȈȧ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȈȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ
Ȋ ȗȣȓȤ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȗȕ ȌȖșȚȐȋ ȌȊȖȘȞȈ Ȑ Ȋȕȍș Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ
ȦȕțȦ ȞȈȘȐȞț ǻȎȈșȕȈȧ șțȌȤȉȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȖȕȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ Ȑȏ-
ȉȍȋȓȈ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȓȈ ȍȡȍ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ Ȑ țȎȈș ǶȕȈ ȉȘȖșȐ-
ȓȈșȤ ȕȈ șȊȖȦ ȎȍȕșȒțȦ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț Ȑ țȗȈȓȈ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ șȔȍȧșȤ
Ȑ ȗȓȈȟȈ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ǨȓȐ șȍȓ ȗȖȌȓȍ ȕȍȍ Ȑ țșȗȖȒȈȐȊȈȓ ȍȍ șȍȘȌȍȟȕȣȔȐ șȓȖȊȈ-
ȔȐ
— Ǻȣ ȧȊȐȓșȧ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȒ Ȉȕȋȍȓ ș ȕȍȉȈ ȔȖȑ ǨȓȐ — ȗȘȖ-
ȐȏȕȍșȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȘȈșȚȘȖȋȈȕȕȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ, — ȉȍȏ Țȍȉȧ ȔȖȧ ȕȍșȟȈ-
șȚȕȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȓȈșȤ ȉȣ țȎȈșȕȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ.
ǰ ȖȕȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȍȔț șȊȖȦ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ
ǭȌȊȈ ȊȣȑȌȧ Ȑȏ ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȍȍ ȊȖȓȐ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȣȌȈ-
ȕȈ ȏȈȔțȎ ȏȈ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȞȈȘȧ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȌȖȉȘ ș ȕȍȦ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȋȖȚȖȊȈ
ȉȣȓȈ ȍȋȖ șȟȐȚȈȚȤ șȊȖȐȔ ȖȚȞȖȔ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȔțȎȍȔ ǭȍ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ȚȍȒȓȈ ȉȍȏ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ǾȈȘȤ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ șȖȊșȍȔ șȖșȚȈȘȐȓșȧ ȊȗȈȓ Ȋ
ȌȍȚșȚȊȖ Ȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌȗȈȓ ȗȖȌ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ
ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȈ ǴȖȉȍȌȈ Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȚȍșȕȧȓ ȕȈȘȖȌ ȋȘȈȉȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȕȐ-
ȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȏȈȡȐȚȣ ǹȊȖȐȔȐ ȕȈȏȖȑȓȐȊȣȔȐ țȝȈ-
ȎȐȊȈȕȐȧȔȐ Ȗȕ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȖȋȖȘȟȍȕȐȑ ǴȈȑȍ ǻ șȊȖȍȋȖ
șțȗȘțȋȈ-ȞȈȘȧ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȏȈȡȐȚȣ ȖȚ ǴȖ-
ȉȍȌȈ ǹ ȋȖȘȌȖȑ ȚȊȍȘȌȖșȚȤȦ ȖȚȊȍȘȋȓȈ ȖȕȈ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ

ȕȍȋȖȌȧȧ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȖȔșȚȐȚȤ ȍȑ ȖȚȘȈȊȐȓ ȞȈȘȧ Ȑ ȗȖȓȤ-
ȏțȧșȤ ȖȉȣȟȈȍȔ ȝȖȚȍȓ șȎȍȟȤ ȕȈ ȒȖșȚȘȍ ȍȋȖ ȊȌȖȊț
— ǵȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ țȔȐȘȈȚȤ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓȈ ǴȈȑȧ, — ȧ ȔȖ-
ȓȖȌȈ ȔȖȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȈȒ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȏȈȊȐȌȖȊȈȓȈ șȈ-
ȔȖȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȍ Ȑȏ ȕȈȘȖȌȈ ȇ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȎȐȚȤ Ȑ ȎȐȚȤ
ǰ Țȣ ȊȍȘȕțȓ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȓ ȎȐȏȕȐ Țȣ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚ ǴȖȉȍȌȈ
ȟȍȔ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȖȚȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȚȤ Țȍȉȧ" Ǫșȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȐȔȍȦ — ȕȍȌȖ-
șȚȖȑȕȖ Țȍȉȧ ǪȖȏȤȔȐ Ȕȍȕȧ șȈȔț ȧ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎț Țȍȉȍ ȚȍȓȖȔ Ȑ
ȌțȠȖȑ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ǨȓȐ șȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȗȘȐȓȤȕțȊ Ȓ ȍȍ ȗțȘȗțȘȖȊȣȔ
ȋțȉȒȈȔ Ȑ ȔȖȋțȟȈȧ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȌțȠț
— Ƕ ȧ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȉȣ ȊȣȗȐȚȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȖȞȍȓțȍ ȚȊȖȦ ȌțȠț —
ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ — Ȑ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȚȤșȧ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȖȑ...
ǨȓȐ ȧșȕȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȘȈȏȕȐȞț ȔȍȎȌț ǴȈȑȍȑ Ȑ ȍȍ șȍșȚȘȖȑ ǼȈ-
ȘȈȐȓȤȌȖȑ ǴȈȑȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȈ ȗȘȈȊȌȐȊȈ Ȑ ȌȖȉȘȈ ȒȈȒȖȍ
ȉȣ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȍȔț ȌȈȚȤ ǵȖ șțȌȤȉȈ ȍȋȖ ȎȍȓȈȓȈ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ șțȗȘțȋȖȔ ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌȣ Ȑ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȖȚ-
ȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ
Ƕȕ ȖȡțȡȈȓ ȚȈȒȎȍ Ȋ șȍȉȍ Ȍțȝ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȎȈȎȌț ȗȖȌ-
ȊȐȋȖȊ Ȑ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȕțȚȤșȧ șȕȖȊȈ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȑ
ȉȍȏȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ DzȈȒ ȘȣȞȈȘȤ Ȑ ȋȍȘȖȑ, ȝȖȚȍȓ Ȗȕ șȚȘȈȕ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȖ șȊȍȚț ș ȔȍȟȖȔ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȏȈȡȐȡȈȧ ȗȘȈȊȌț Ȑ țȋȕȍ-
Țȍȕȕȣȝ
ǺȍȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ȕȈȠȍȓșȧ ȕȈșȓȍȌȕȐȒ țȔȍȘȠȍȔț ȞȈȘȦ ǯȖ-
ȘȈȉ țȔȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ș ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȣȔ șȍȘȌȞȍȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȔȖȋ
ȊȖșșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕȍ șȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȐȍ Ȑ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ Ƕȕ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȐ-
ȚȈȓ ȋȓțȉȖȒțȦ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȓ ǴȈȑȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȍ ȘțȒȐ ǶȕȈ
șȖȋȓȈșȐȓȈșȤ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȓȦȉȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȉ Ȓ ǨȓȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȋȖȘȧȟțȦ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ǨȓȐ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȥȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ.

154
XI
ǨȓȐ Ȑ ǴȈȑȧ ȗȖșȓȍ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȋȖ ȕȖ ȗȖȓȕȖȋȖ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȌȖȓȎ-
ȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚȤșȧ ǵȖȊȖȍ ȗȘȐȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȖȧȓȖ ǨȓȐ Ȗȕ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȍ DzȐȚȈȧ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ
ȐȌȖȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȍȎȍȋȖȌȕȖ ȗȘȐȕȖșȧȚ Ȋ ȎȍȘȚȊț ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȍȑ-
ȠțȦ ȌȍȊțȠȒț Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȎȍȘȚȊȖȗȘȐȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ țȎȍ
ȉȓȐȏȒȖ
ǵȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȈȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȒȖȕȧ Ȑ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓ-
șȧ Ȋ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ǩȣșȚȘȖ ȔȐȕȖȊȈȓ Ȗȕ ȟțȎȐȍ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ȑ șȒȖ-
ȘȖ ȌȖșȚȐȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȞȍȓȐ ǺȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ șȊȐȚȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐ ȏȈ
Ȓȕȧȏȧ ȚȖ ȍȋȖ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ ȗȘȖȗțșȚȐȓȐ Ȋ ȒȈȗȐȡȍ ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓ ȐȌȖȓ
Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȝ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȊ Ȑ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȔȘȈȔȖȘȕȖȑ ȏȈ-
ȓȍ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȈȔȐ ǪȐȌ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȍȕ ȊȖ-
ȓȖșȣ Ȑ ȉȖȘȖȌȈ ȉȣȓȐ șȒȘțȟȍȕȣ ȎȋțȚȈȔȐ ȕȖș ȗȓȖșȒȐȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ȗȖȓțșȖȕȕȣȍ Ȑ șȓȈșȚȖȓȦȉȐȊȣȍ ȘȖȚ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚ ȗȓȖȚȖȧȌȕȖȑ ȋȘȐ-
ȔȈșȖȑ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒțȦ ȕȍȕȈșȣȚȕȖșȚȤ ǶȚ
ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȠȓȐ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȍ ȓțȟȐ
ȊȘȖȌȍ Ȕȍȟȍȑ ǵȈ ȞȍȗȐ ȗȖȌȓȍ ȕȍȋȖ ȝȖȌȐȓ șȊȐȘȍȗȣȑ ȖȋȘȖȔ-
ȕȣȑ ȚȐȋȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȘȈșȚȍȘȏȈȚȤ
Ȋ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ ȐȌȖȓȈ ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕȕțȦ ȌȍȊțȠȒț
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ǨȓȐ ȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȈȗȐȡȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕ-
ȕȣȔ ȟȈșȖȔ. ǷȍȘȍȌ ȊȝȖȌȖȔ ȘȣȌȈȓȐ Ȑ ȓȖȔȈȓȐ Ȋ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȐ Șț-
ȒȐ ȘȖȌȕȣȍ Ȑ ȌȘțȏȤȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȌȍȊțȠȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȈșȤ
ǨșȚȖȑ ǨȓȐ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȗȘȖȠȍȓ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȐȝ șȎȐȔȈȧ ȘțȒȖȑ Șț-
ȒȖȧȚȤ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȋȖ ȔȍȟȈ ǷȖȓțȖȉȕȈȎȍȕȕȈȧ ǨșȚȈ ȗȖȔȍȘȚ-
ȊȍȓȈȧ ȖȚ țȎȈșȈ șȚȖȧȓȈ Ȋ ȒȖȓȍȕȒȈȝ ȐșȚțȒȈȕȈ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȕȕȈȧ Ȓ
ȕȐȔ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ǨȓȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȍȍ ȖȉȍȏțȔȍȊȠȐȝ ȖȚ țȎȈ-
șȈ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȔȍȓȤȒȕțȓȈ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ
ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚ Ȋ ȕȍȔ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȗȈșȐȚȍȓȧ ǰȏ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȝ Ȓț-
ȘȐȓȤȕȐȞ șȐȕȐȔȐ șȚȘțȑȒȈȔȐ ȌȣȔȐȓȐșȤ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȍ ȈȘȖȔȈ-
Țȣ ȎȘȍȞȣ ȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓȐ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȐȌȖȓ țȓȣ-
ȉȈȓșȧ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȋȘȐȔȈșȖȑ Ȑ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȚȐȋȘ ȓȧȏȋȈȓ șȊȖȍȑ
ȞȍȗȤȦ Ȑ ȘȣȟȈȓ șȒȈȓȧ ȏțȉȣ ǭȋȖ ȕȈȘȖȟȕȖ ȕȍ ȒȖȘȔȐȓȐ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ ȟțȧ ȚȍȗȓțȦ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒțȦ ȒȘȖȊȤ
ȡțȘȐȓ ȕȈ ȉȍȌȕțȦ ȎȍȘȚȊț șȊȖȐ ȝȐȡȕȣȍ ȒȘțȋȓȣȍ ȏȘȈȟȒȐ
Ǩ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȐȌȖȓ șȐȌȍȓ Ȑ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȓșȧ

156
ǵȈșȚȈȓȈ ȎțȚȒȈȧ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ șȘȍȌȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȓȧȏȋȕțȓȈ
ȞȍȗȤ ǺȐȋȘȈ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȓȐ ǨșȚȈ ȐșȗțșȚȐȓȈ ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȑ ȒȘȐȒ
țȎȈșȈ ǯȊȍȘȤ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȗȘȣȎȒț ǵȖ Ȋ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȖȒȈ
ȊȣȝȊȈȚȐȓ ǨȓȐ șȊȖȑ Ȕȍȟ ȘȐȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ȎȐȊȖȚȕȖȔț Ȑ ȘȈȏȘțȉȐȓ
ȍȔț ȋȖȓȖȊț ǶȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȣȍ țȎȈșȖȔ ȎȘȍȞȣ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȉȍȋ-
șȚȊȖ
ǨȓȐ ȔȍȟȖȔ ȘȈȏȘțȉȐȓ ȊȍȘȍȊȒȐ Ȑ ȕȈ ȘțȒȈȝ Ȋȣȕȍș ǨșȚț Ȑȏ
ȝȘȈȔȈ
ǭȡȍ ȕȍ ȖȗȘȈȊȐȊȠȈȧșȧ ȖȚ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȚȖȋȖ țȎȈșȈ ȕȖ țȎȍ Ȗȝ-
ȊȈȟȍȕȕȈȧ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȕȖșȚȤȦ șȖșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȈ ȖȕȈ ș ȍȋȖ ȘțȒ țȗȈ-
ȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȑ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋț ǷȖȚȖȔ ȖȕȈ
ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ Ȋșȧ șȔțȡȍȕȕȈȧ ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȧ ȘțȒȈȔȐ șȊȖȦ ȖȉȕȈȎȍȕ-
ȕțȦ ȋȘțȌȤ
ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȌȐȚȧ Ȑ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȟȍȘȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȌȍȊȐȟȤȍȑ
ȟȐșȚȖȚȖȑ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȈ ȍȔț ǯȦȓȍȑȒț ȅȚȖ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ-
țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ǨșȚȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȈȔȈȧ ȒȘȈșȐȊȈȧ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȑ
șȚȘȈȕȍ ǨȓȐ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒ Ȓ șȍȉȍ ȍȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȒț Ȑ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ȓȖȉ Ȉ
ȖȕȈ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒț
— dzȦȉȐȠȤ ȓȐ Țȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ" — ȚȐȝȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ǨȓȐ
ǶȕȈ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȓȈ
— Ƕ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȘȖȉȒȖ — Ǻȣ ȧȊȐȓșȧ,
ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȖȡȐ, ȗȖ ȊȍȓȍȕȐȦ ȕȍȉȈ Ȑ șȗȈș Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚ ȒȖȋ-
Țȍȑ ȚȐȋȘȈ ȧ ȉȍȌȕȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȚ ȕȖ ȔȖȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȚ Țȍȉȍ ǫȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȕȍ ȖȚȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȧ ȉțȌț șȓțȎȐȚȤ Țȍȉȍ Ȑ ȉțȌț ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȚȤ ȚȊȖȦ ȊȖ-
ȓȦ ǪȖȏȤȔȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȉȣȕȦ ȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȘȋȈȑ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȗȖȏȊȖȓȤ Ȕȕȍ ȏȈ ȚȖȉȖȑ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ
— ǺȈȒ ȐȌȍȔ Ȏȍ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ — ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ șȒȈȏȈȓ
ǨȓȐǶȕ ȖȚȖȠȍȓ ș ȕȍȑ ȖȚ ȒȈȗȐȡȈ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȐȊ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȐȍ
ȐȌȖȓȈ șȊȖȐȔ șȗțȚȕȐȒȈȔ Ƕȕ ȗȖșȈȌȐȓ ȍȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȖȉȖȑ Ȋ șȍȌȓȖ
Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȏ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌ ȋȌȍ ȖȕȈ ȎȐȓȈ Ƕȕ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȍȍ ȌȖȔȍ
ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓ ȍȑ ȖȔȣȚȤ șȊȖȐ ȕȖȋȐ Ȑ țȔȈșȚȐȚȤ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȉȓȈȋȖ-
ȊȖȕȕȣȔȐ ȔȈȏȧȔȐ Ǩ ȖȕȈ ȘȈȌȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȍȔț șȓțȎȐȚ
Ǭȓȧ ǨȓȐ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓȐșȤ ȔȐȘȕȣȍ ȌȕȐ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȑ ȓȦȉȖ-
ȊȤȦ Ȓ ǨșȚȍ ǵȖ ȍȋȖ ȌțȠȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȈ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ
ȖșȚȈȊȈȚȤșȧ ȌȖȓȋȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ Ȓ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȍ
ȊȖșȒȘȍșȓȖ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȋȘțȌȐ ǿȈșȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ ȍȍ ȐȔȧ ȟȈșȚȖ

157
ȏȈȌȈȊȈȓ șȍȉȍ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȎȐȊȈ ȓȐ ȖȕȈ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ" ȗȖȔȕȐȚ ȓȐ Ȗ
ȕȍȔ" ǭȍ ȖȉȘȈȏ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȊȖ șȕȍ Ȉ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ
ȕȐȔ șȐȌȍȓȈ ǨșȚȈ șȚȈȘȈȊȠȈȧșȧ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȤ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȍ ȍȋȖ
ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ ȖȕȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȍȔț ȔȓȈȌȠȍȑ șȍșȚȘȖȑ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȐ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈȏȈ ș ȋȘțșȚȤȦ țșȚȘȍȔȓȧȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȔȖȓȖȌțȦ Ȍȍ-
ȊțȠȒț Ȑ Ȗȕ ȕȍȎȕȖ ȋȓȈȌȐȓ ȍȍ ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ Ȉ ȖȕȈ șȐȌȍȓȈ,
ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȧ ȕȍȊȣȘȈȏȐȔȖȍ ȉȓȈȎȍȕșȚȊȖ
ǶȕȈ ȟȐșȚȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȖȘțȎȐȍ Ȑ ȞȍȓȖȊȈȓȈ Ȕȍȟ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ Ȗȕ
țȉȐȓ ȚȐȋȘȈ ǨȓȐ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȍȑ ȕȍȌȖșȧȋȈȍȔȖȑ ȏȊȍȏȌȖȑ Ȑ ȖȕȈ
ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȊȖșȗȍȓȈ ȉȣ șȊȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȋ ȏȊțȟȕȖȑ
ȗȍșȕȍ ǪȣȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ șȟȐȚȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȏȍ-
ȓȈȕȐȧ ȐȓȐ șȓțȠȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȓȖș
ǨȓȐ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȍ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȑ șȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȌȍȊțȠȒȍ ȕȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔ
ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ȒȈȒ Ȓ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȍ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȖȚȢȍȏȌț ǨșȚȈ ȉȣȓȈ
șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȈ ǸȈȏȊȍ ȖȕȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȎȐȚȤ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȖȚ ȕȍ-
ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȧ ȍȋȖ" ǭșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȏȈȟȍȔ Ȗȕ ȚȖȋȌȈ
ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȓ ȍȍ" ǭȑ ȓȍȋȟȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȗȖȋȐȉȕțȚȤ Ȋ ȒȈȗȐȡȍ Ȋ ȒȖȋ-
Țȧȝ ȘȈȏȢȧȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȐȋȘȈ ǶȕȈ ȏȕȈȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȗȖ-
ȒȖȓȍȉȐȔȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ țȍȌȍȚ, ȕȖ ȊȍȌȤ Ȗȕ ȔȖȋ ȊȏȧȚȤ ȍȍ ș șȖȉȖȑ.
Ǫ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȐ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ.
— ǫȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȚȊȖȦ șȓțȎȈȕȒț
— țȔȖȓȧȓȈ ȖȕȈ, — ȗȖȏȊȖȓȤ Ȕȕȍ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȚȖȉȖȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș
ȚȊȖȐȔȐ șȓțȋȈȔȐ Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȧ ȕȈȌȖȍȔ Țȍȉȍ țȔȍȘȚȊȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ ȔȖ-
ȋț țȔȍȘȍȚȤ ȖȚ Țȍȉȧ Ȑ ȏȈ Țȍȉȧ ȕȖ ȎȐȚȤ ȉȍȏ Țȍȉȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț
ǭȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ș ȔȖȓȤȉȖȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȗȖ ȍȍ ȔȐ-
ȓȖȔț ȓȐȞț șȚȘțȐȓȐșȤ șȓȍȏȣ
ǭȍ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȖșȚȤ ȚȘȖȕțȓȈ ǨȓȐ țșȔȍȝȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȗȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ
ȟȚȖ ȉȍȘȍȚ ȍȍ ș șȖȉȖȑ ǭȍ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȉȍȏțȔȕȈȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȖȕȈ
ȗȍȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȗȚȐȟȒȈ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț șȖȓȕȞț ȚȈȕȞȍȊȈȓȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȍ ȕȐ-
ȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȑ ȡȍȉȍȚȈȓȈ ȉȍȏ țȔȖȓȒț ǻ ȕȍȍ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȣȘȖșȓȐ
ȒȘȣȓȤȧ ǵȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓșȧ ǨȓȐ ȖȕȈ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȈșȤ
șȔțȡȍȕȕȖȑ Ȑ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȓȈ ȍȔț ȏȈșȚȍȕȟȐȊȖ
ǵȖ ȖȕȈ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ șȍȉȧ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȈ ȗȘȐȕ-
ȞȍșșȈ ȕȈ șȊȍȚȍ.
ǨȓȐ țȍȝȈȓ ȊȏȧȊ ȍȍ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓȈșȤ ȗȘȐ ȕȍȔ ȉȍ-
ȏȖȚȓțȟȕȖ Ƕȕ ȍȝȈȓ ȉȍȏ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȧșȤ ȒȖ ȌȊȖ-
Șț șȊȖȍȑ șțȗȘțȋȐ ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ țȎȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȉȣȓ ȐȔ

ȗȖȒȐȕțȚ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȚȖȘȖȗȐȓșȧ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȧ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȋ ȖȝȖȚȍ Ȑ ȗȖșȍ-
ȡȍȕȐȧȝ ȌȊȖȘȞȖȊ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȓȕȧȏȍȑ Ƕȕ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȏȈȉȣȚȤșȧ ȕȈȑ-
ȚȐ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȍ ȕȖ ȕȐȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȓȖ ȍȔț ȗȖȒȖȧ ǪȖșȗȖ-
ȔȐȕȈȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȒȓȐȕȈȓ ȆșțȜȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ
ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȌȤȧȊȖȓȖȔ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ ș ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȘȈșȚȖȗ-
ȚȈȓ ȉȣ ȍȋȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ ǵȖ ȆșțȜ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȗȘȐ ȌȊȖȘȍ ȞȈ-
ȘȐȞȣ ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌȣ
Ǫ șȊȖȍȔ ȌțȘȕȖȔ ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȐ ȌțȝȈ ǨȓȐ ȉȣȓ ȎȍșȚȖȒ ș
ǨșȚȖȑ ȋȘțȉ ǵȖ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȈ ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȓ ȍȑ
ȘȈȏȊȧȏȈȚȤ ȘȍȔȍȕȤ ȍȋȖ ȖȉțȊȐ ǶȕȈ ȋȖȘȍȊȈȓȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ
Ȗȕ ȋȘțșȚȍȕ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȊȍșȍȓȐȚȤ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ǨȓȐ ȖȝȖȚȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓșȧ ș ȒȈȘȈȊȈ-
ȕȖȔ șȚȘȈȕșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ ȒțȗȞȖȊ Ƕȕ ȊșȚțȗȐȓ ș ȕȐȔȐ Ȋ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ
Ȑ țȏȕȈȓ ȖȚ ȕȐȝ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ǭȊȘȖȗȍ ȦȎȕȍȍ ǬțȕȈȧ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȔȈȋȖȔȍ-
ȚȈȕșȒȈȧ ȊȓȈșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȈ ț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕȍ ȖȚȕȧȓȐ ȞȈȘ-
șȚȊȖ țȉȐȊ ȍȍ șțȗȘțȋȈ ǭȑ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȕȤ Ȑ ȓțȒ șȖ șȚȘȍ-
ȓȈȔȐ ǶȕȈ ȎȐȊȍȚ ȖȝȖȚȖȑ ȗȐȚȈȧ ȍȦ șȍȉȧ Ȑ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȣȕȈ-Șȍ-
ȉȍȕȒȈ
ǨȓȐ ș ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȔ ȊȣșȓțȠȈȓ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ȒțȗȞȖȊ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȈȒ
ȘȈȏ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ǯȌȍșȤ Ȗȕ ȔȖȋ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖȓȍȏȕȣȔ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȥȚȈ ȉȍȌȕȈȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ — ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ" ǪȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ Ȗ ȕȍȑ ȕȐ-
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȓȖ Ƕȕ ȗȖȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȓ ȒțȗȞȖȊ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȊ
ȐȔ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȋȖ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȧ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ șȖ
șȊȖȐȔȐ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȈȔȐ
ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȑȝ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȓ ȍȔț ȗȖȒȖȧ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȖȚ-
ȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ǬțȕȈȑșȒțȦ ȌȖȓȐȕț

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XII
ǵȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȖȉȘȈȚȤ ȊȖȑșȒȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȚȊȖȍȊȈȚȤ Ȗȉ-
ȘȈȚȕȖ șȚȘȈȕț ȕȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȕȖȑ ȞȈȘȐȞȣ Ȑ țȚȊȍȘȌȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȕȈ ȚȘȖȕȍ.
ȅȚȖȚ ȗȓȈȕ ȊȌȖȝȕțȓ Ȋ ǨȓȐ ȕȖȊțȦ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȦ Ƕȕ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȗȖȔȖ-
ȓȖȌȍȊȠȐȔ ǪȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ ȗȘȖȧșȕȐȓȖșȤ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊȕȖȊȤ
ȏȈȉȓȍșȚȍȓȐ Ȍțȝ ȖȒȘȍȗ Ƕȕ șȚȘȍȔȐȓșȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȌȍȓȈȚȤșȧ șȈ-
ȔȖȖȚȊȍȘȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȋȍȘȖȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ șȖȊȍȚȖȊȈȓȈ ȍȔț ǹțȘȈ
ȊȚȖȘȈȧ ȌȖȟȤ ȆșțȜȈ Ƕȕ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȧȌ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȕȍ
ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȘȈȊȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȟȚȖ ȐȏȕȍȎȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȋțȉȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȍȡȍ. Ƕȕ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȚȤ ȔȐȘ șȓȈȊȖȑ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȐȔȍ-
ȕȐ șȊȖȍȑ ȔȖȡȤȦ șȖȒȘțȠȐȚȤ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤșȒțȦ ȈȘȔȐȦ Ȑ ȚȖȘ-
ȎȍșȚȊțȦȡȐȔ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȍȔ ȊȖȑȚȐ Ȋ ȏȈȊȖȍȊȈȕȕțȦ ȏȍȔȓȦ Ƕȕ
ȝȖȚȍȓ ȋȖșȗȖȌșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ șțȓȚȈȕ
ȐșȒțșȕȖ ȔțȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȑ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖ ȏȈȉȖȚȧșȤ ȒȈȒ ȖȚȍȞ Ȗ
ȗȖȌȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȋȘȖȏȕȣȔ Ȍȓȧ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ ǰ ȚȖȋȌȈ șȓȈȊȈ Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȌȖȓȍ-
ȚȐȚ ȌȖ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȐ ȖȕȈ ȊȍȘȕȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț Ȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȍȌȐȕșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖȑ șțȗȘțȋȖȑ ȍȋȖ ȞȈȘȐȞȍȑ ȕȈ ȊșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ǫȖȘȌȣȑ Ȍțȝ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ȍȋȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȓȐȚ-
ȊȈȝ Ȋ ǨȓȓȈȝț ȗȘȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȍ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ Ƕȕ ȒȓȐȒ-
ȕțȓ ȒȓȐȟ ȗȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȡȍȌȘȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȧ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ Ȑ
ȗȘȐȏȣȊȈȧ ȗȖȌ șȊȖȐ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȈ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ ȒȐȗȧȡȐȝ ȖȚȊȈȋȖȑ ȊȖȐ-
ȕȖȊ
— ǵȈ ȊȖȑȕț ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȝȘȐșȚȐȈȕ ǷțșȚȤ ȊȣșȖȒȖ șȚȖȐȚ ȗȖ-
ȓțȔȍșȧȞ — ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȓȖȏțȕȋ ȊȣȘȣȊȈȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȑȏ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȋȘț-
Ȍȍȑ ǪȍȏȌȍ ȋȌȍ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓșȧ ǨȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȐ ș ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȖȔ
ȒȈȒ ȋȍȘȖȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț țȎȍ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȓ ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ
ǪșȒȖȘȍ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȔȖȋțȟȐȔ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȖȌȞȍȔ Ǫ ȘȧȌȈȝ șȊȖȐȝ ȊȖȐ-
ȕȖȊ Ȗȕ șȚȘȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ Ȑ ȌȐșȞȐȗȓȐȕț Ȑ ȏȕȈȓ
ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȖȕȐ ȌȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȍȔț ȗȘȍȌȈȕȣ
ǨșȚȍ Ȗȕ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ Ȋ ȘȧȌȈȝ șȊȖȐȝ ȊȖȐ-
ȕȖȊ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȓȈ ȏȈ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȉȖ ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ
țȊȍȘȍȕȈ ȟȚȖ ǨȓȐ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȍȔ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕȍȚ șȊȖȍȑ ȞȍȓȐ ǶȕȈ
țȎȍ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ șțȓȚȈȕȖȔ ȕȈ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ ȚȘȖ-
ȕȍ Ȉ șȍȉȧ șȔȐȘȍȕȕȖ șȐȌȧȡȍȑ ț ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋ
Ǫ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȐȗțȟȍȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ǨȓȐ ȗȖșȊȧȡȈȓ ȍȑ șȓȐȠ-
ȒȖȔ ȔȈȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȑ ȊȖȚ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ Ȑȝ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȓȈșȤ

160
ȚȘȖȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȘȈȏȊȧȏȒȖȑ ǨȓȐ ȓȍȎȈȓ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȠȈȚȘȍ ȒȈȒ
ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋȐ ȖȉȊȐȓȈșȤ ȧȌȖȊȐȚȈȧ
ȏȔȍȧ Ƕȕ ȖȒȈȔȍȕȍȓ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȝȈ Ȑ, ȖȗȖȔȕȐȊȠȐșȤ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȕȖȋȖȑ
ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȚȘȧȝȕțȚȤ ȋȈȌȐȕț ȀȐȗȧ ȏȔȍȧ ȊȣșțȕțȓȈ
șȊȖȍ ȎȈȓȖ Ȑ ȊȖȕȏȐȓȈ șȊȖȐ ȧȌȖȊȐȚȣȍ ȏțȉȣ Ȋ ȕȖȋț ǨȓȐ ǨȓȐ
ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ȗ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȐȍ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ
ȉȍșȚȖȓȒȖȊȖ ȔȍȟȈșȤ ȚțȌȈ Ȑ șȦȌȈ
— ǪȓȈșȚȐȚȍȓȤ țȔȐȘȈȍȚ ȊȓȈșȚȐȚȍȓȤ țȔȐȘȈȍȚ ȇȌ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ
ȕȍȋȖ — ȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ ȚȘȍȊȖȎȕȖ ȊȖȐȕȣ Ȑ ȥȚȐ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȌȖȕȍșȓȐșȤ
ȌȖ ǨșȚȣ DzȈȒ șȚȘȍȓȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ Ȓ ȠȈȚȘț ǨȓȐ ȘȈșȚȈȓȒȐ-
ȊȈȧ ȚȖȓȗț Ȑ țȗȈȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȍȋȖ ȓȖȎȍȔ dzȐȞȖ ǨȓȐ ȗȖȟȍȘȕȍȓȖ
ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȖȚȒȐȕțȓȈșȤ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȒȘțȋȐ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖȌ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈȔȐ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ șȔȍȘȚȤ țȎȍ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȓȈ ǵȖ ǨșȚȈ ȗȘȐȗȈ-
ȓȈ ȋțȉȈȔȐ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȕȒȍ Ȑ ȊȣșȖșȈȓȈ ȧȌ ǭȍ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕ ȉȣȓ șȗȈ-
șȍȕǵȖ șȈȔȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȋȐȉȓȈ Ǫ șȊȖȍȔ șȈȔȖȖȚȊȍȘȎȍȕȕȖȔ ȗȖȘȣ-
Ȋȍ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȈ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖȑ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȋ-
ȓȖȚȐȓȈ ȧȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȍȍ ȒȘȖȊȤ Ȑ ȗȘȍșȍȒ ȍȍ ȔȖȓȖȌțȦ
ȎȐȏȕȤ ǵȖ ȟȚȖ ȍȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ
— ǹȟȈșȚȓȐȊ ȔȖȑ ȎȘȍȉȐȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȧ țȔȐȘȈȦ ȏȈ șȊȖȍ-
ȋȖ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ — ȉȣȓȐ ȍȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ
ǶȕȈ șȒȓȖȕȐȓȈșȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȒȖȑ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȕȖȋȈȔ ȒȈȒ ȌȍȓȈȓȈ ȥȚȖ
ȟȈșȚȖ ȗȘȐ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ țȔȍȘȓȈ
ǨȓȐ ȘȣȌȈȓ.
— ǪȖȚ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȈȗȖȔȕȐȓȈ Ȕȕȍ
ǯȦȓȍȑȒț Ȑ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȕȍȍ ȕȍ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȓȦȉȐȚȤ ȕȐ ȖȌ-
ȕȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ǫȖȘȍ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȖ ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚȊț ȖȞȍȕȐȓ ȥȚț
ȓȦȉȖȊȤ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ǨșȚț Ȑ ȏȈȒȘȣȓ ȍȑ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǭȍ ȝȖȘȖȕȐȓȐ ș ȊȖȍȕ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȗȖȟȍșȚȧȔȐ ȗȖȌ ȏȊțȒȐ ȚȘțȉ Ȑ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȈ șȒȓȖȕȧȓȐșȤ ȕȈ
ȍȍ ȔȖȋȐȓț
ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ ȌȈȓȍȍ
ǷȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȘȍȠȐȓ Ȗȕ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ȒȖ ȌȊȖȘț ȞȈȘȐȞȣ
ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌȣ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚȤșȧ ș ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȟȤ ȕȈ șȊȖȦ
șȚȖȘȖȕț ȚȈȔȖȠȕȐȝ ȔȈȋȖȔȍȚȈȕ ǹȓȈȊȈ ȍȋȖ ȠȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ
ȗȘȍȌȊȍșȚȕȐȒȖȔ ǵȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȒȈȝ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȗ ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧ-
ȡȍȑ ȊȖȑȕȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȊȖșȚȖȒȖȔ Ȑ ȏȈȗȈȌȖȔ șȖȎȈȓȍȓȐ Ȗ șțȌȤȉȍ
șȊȍȘȎȍȕȕȖȑ ȞȈȘȐȞȣ ȐȔȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȉȣȓȖ ǯȐȕȈȕȈ.

161
ǨȓȐ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ƞȍȓ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ƕȕ ȋȖȘȍȓ ȖȚ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȧ șȒȖȘȍȍ
ȗȍȘȍȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȋ ǭȊȘȖȗț ȥȚȖ ȕȍȚȍȘȗȍȕȐȍ ȕȍșȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȒȖ-
ȘȈȉȓȤ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȈȘțșȈȝ ǹȒȖȘȖ Ȗȕ ȌȖșȚȐȋ șȚȖȓȐȞȣ ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤ-
Ȍȣ Ȑ ȊșȚțȗȐȓ Ȋ ȍȍ ȌȊȖȘȍȞ ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ ȏȈȓȍ Ȑ ȊȖșșȍ-
ȌȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȎȐȊȖȑ șȒȈȔȍȑȒȍ. ȅȚȖȑ șȒȈȔȍȑȒȖȑ
ȉȣȓȈ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑȏ ȍȍ ȘȈȉȣȕȤ șȚȖȧȊȠȈȧ ȕȐȟȒȖȔ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ. ǼȈ-
ȘȈȐȓȤȌȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȌȍȚȈ Ȋ ȠȍȓȒ Ȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȖ ȉȖȋȈȚȖ ȖȌȍȚȣȍ ȗȘȐȉ-
ȓȐȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȚȖȓȗȐȓȐșȤ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȕȍȍ. DzȖȋȌȈ ǨȓȐ ȊȖȠȍȓ ǼȈȘȈ-
ȐȓȤȌȈ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȒȐȊȕțȓȈ ȍȔț Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓȈ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȞȍȓțȧ
ȘțȒț
— ǴȖȑ țȊȈȎȈȍȔȣȑ șțȗȘțȋ ȕȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȓțȟȠȍȋȖ
ȒȈȒ ȊȏȧȚȤșȧ ȏȈ Ȕȍȟ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ș ȓȍȋȒȖȑ ȐȘȖȕȐȍȑ — Ƕȕ
ȝȖȟȍȚ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍșȚȐ ȞȈȘșȚȊȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȘȐȌȈȟț Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȞȈȘȐȞț
ǰ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓȈ ȚȖȕȖȔ ȕȈșȔȍȠȒȐ:
— Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȗȍȊȍȞ țȊȓȍȒȈȦȡȐȑ șȐȓȖȑ
șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȍȕȐȧ ȎȍȕșȒȐȍ șȍȘȌȞȈ Ȗȕ ȋȍȘȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖ-
ȒȖȘȧȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȞȈȘșȚȊȈ Ƕȕ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȘȣȞȈȘȤ Ȗȕ ȗȖȍȚ Ȋ ȟȍșȚȤ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕ Ȑ ȏȈȡȐȡȈȍȚ Ȑȝ ǰȚȈȒ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ș ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ ǨȓȓȈȝȈ
ȚȈȒ, ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ, ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȚȊȖȑ ǩȖȋ" ǪȗȍȘȍȌ — Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȍȒȘȈș-
ȕȖȑ ȞȈȘȐȞȣ ǯȐȕȈȕȣ ǹȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȑ ȗțȚȤ!
ǶȕȈ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ șȖ șȗȐȕȣ șȊȖȍȑ ȘȈȉȣȕȐ Ȑ ȠțȘȠȈ ȠȍȓȒȖȔ
ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȊȣȠȓȈ ǨȓȐ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȖȚȟțȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ ȖȚ șȊȖȍȑ
șțȗȘțȋȐ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȍȍ șȚȖȓȐȞȍ ȘȖȊȕȖ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȥȚȖ
ȉȣȓȖ ȕțȎȕȖ Ƕȕ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȆșțȜȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȋȣȏ-
ȊȈȓșȧ ȍȋȖ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȚȤ
— ǺȈȔ ȋȌȍ șȘȈȎȈȦȚșȧ ȧ ȕȍ ȓȐȠȕȐȑ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — Ȑ
ȉȍȏ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȈȔ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȖȉȖȑȚȐșȤ ǴȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȋȌȍ ȕțȎȌȈ Ȑ
șȔȍȘȚȤ ȐȡțȚ șȊȖȐȝ ȎȍȘȚȊ DzȈȒȖȍ ȊȍșȍȓȤȍ șȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȓ-
ȕȐȐ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȚ Ȑȏ ȗțȠȍȒ ȒȈȒ ȒȘțȚȧȚșȧ Ȑ ȘȈȏȧȚ ȧȌȘȈ ȒȈȒ ȚȈȦȚ
ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤșȒȐȍ ȘȧȌȣ ȒȈȒ ȗȈȌȈȦȚ ȒȘȍȗȒȐȍ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ ȚȖȟ-
ȕȖ ȖșȍȕȕȐȍ ȔțȝȐ ȒȈȒ ȋȖȓȖȌ Ȑ ȔȖȘ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȚ șȘȍȌȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ
șȊȖȦ șȚȘȈȠȕțȦ ȎȍȘȚȊț ǽȖȟȍȠȤ ȧ ȉțȌț ȚȊȖȐȔ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȖȌ-
ȞȍȔ" ǭșȓȐ ȧ ȊȖȏȤȔțșȤ ȏȈ ȖȘțȎȐȍ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȍȐȏ-
ȉȍȎȕȈ
ǹ ȕȍȋȖȌȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ șȓțȠȈȓ ǨȓȐ ȥȚȐ ȘȍȟȐ
— ǵȍ Ȑȏ ȎȈȎȌȣ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦ ȧ ȊȖȑȕț — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ
Ȗȕ. — ǵȍ ȋȖȓȖȌ Ȑ ȟțȔț ȕȍșț ȧ Ȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈȔ ǩȓȈ-
ȋȖȘȖȌȕȖȑ ȔțȎșȒȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ȝȖȟț ȧ șȓȖȔȐȚȤ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȧ Ȑ ȗȖ-

162
ȉȍȌȖȑ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖșȚȤ
— ǵȈȏȣȊȈȑ ȒȈȒ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ ȊȖȑȕȖȑ, — ȊȖȏ-
ȘȈȏȐȓ țșȔȍȝȈȧșȤ ȆșțȜ. — DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȊȓȈșȚȐȚȍȓȤ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȧ ȊȖȑ-
ȕț ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȣȍ ȊȣșȖȒȐȍ ȘȍȟȐ ȕȖ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȈȧ ȗȖȌ-
ȒȓȈȌȒȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȖȌȕȈ Ȑ ȚȈ Ȏȍ ȚȡȍșȓȈȊȐȍ Ȑ ȒȖȘȣșȚȖȓȦȉȐȍ
Ǭȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȥȚȖ ȉȍȏȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȖ ǵȖ ȟȍȔ ȒȘȖȊȈȊȍȍ ȊȖȑȕȈ — ȚȍȔ
Ȋȍșȍȓȍȍ DzȖȋȌȈ ȋȖȘȣ ȚȘțȗȖȊ ȘȈșȚțȚ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȈȌȈȍȚ ȊȘȈȋ
ȚȈȔ ȌȘțȋ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȉȘȈȚ — ȊȖȚ ȥȚȖ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖ
șȍȘȌȞț ǪȗȍȘȍȌ Ȏȍ ǨȓȐ Ȑ ȌȈ ȏȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȍȚ ȊȖȑȕȈ
— Ǻȣ ȌȤȧȊȖȓ Ȋ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȍ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ǨȓȐ,
— ȒȓȧȕțșȤ ȉȖȘȖȌȖȑ ȗȘȖȘȖȒȈ Ǻȣ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȑ Ȑȏ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣȝ
ȇ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȣ ȘȈȏȔȖȏȎȐȚȤ Țȍȉȍ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȒȈȒ ȧȌȖȊȐȚȖȑ
ȏȔȍȍ" ǬȈ ȉțȌțȚ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣ Țȣșȧȟț ȘȈȏ Ȋșȍ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȐȚȍȓȐ Ǻȣ
ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȐȚȈȒ, ȌȈ ȉțȌȤ Ȏȍ Țȣ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚ!
ǶȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȋȕȍȊȖȔ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ Ȗȕ ȒȊȍȘȝț șȊȖȐ
ȒțȓȈȒȐ ȆșțȜ ȗȖȗȧȚȐȓșȧ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȧȏȊȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖ țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ
— Ǫșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ Țȣ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȠȤ Ȕȕȍ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȏȈ ȚȖȉȖȑ ț Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȝȖȘȖȠȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȌȈȊȈȚȤ Țȍȉȍ ȗȖȓȍȏȕȣȍ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȍ
șȖȊȍȚȣ.
— ȅȚȖȋȖ Țȍȉȍ ȕȍ țȌȈșȚșȧ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ ǨȓȐ ș ȕȍȋȖȌȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȍȔ. — ǺȊȖȐ șȖȊȍȚȣ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȓȐșȤ ǵȖ Ȋ ȔȖȍȔ ȊȖȑ-
șȒȍ ȔȖȎȍȠȤ Țȣ ȏȈ ȔȕȖȑ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ
ǹȒȈȏȈȊ ȥȚȖ Ȗȕ ȊȣȠȍȓ
ȆșțȜ ȗȘȖȉȖȘȔȖȚȈȓ ȍȔț ȊșȓȍȌ
— ǬȍȓȈȑ ȒȈȒ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȋȖȘȌȣȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌȟȐȒ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ,
Țȣ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȐȠȤ
ǹȌȍȓȈȊ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȣȍ ȏȈȗȈșȣ ǨȓȐ șȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȊȖȑșȒȈȔȐ
ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȋȖȘȖȌ Ƕȕ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȓ ȋȘȈȕȐȞț ǰȕȌȐȐ ȊșȚțȗȐȓ Ȋ ǨȘȈ-
ȊȐȦ ȗȘȐȉȣȓ Ȋ ǴȍȒȒț ȋȌȍ ȘȖȌȐȓșȧ ȗȘȖȘȖȒ Ȑ Ȋ ǴȍȌȐȕț Ȓț-
ȌȈ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȋȘȖȉț șȚȍȒȈȦȚșȧ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȐȓȐȋȘȐȔȣ ǹȘȍ-
ȌȐ ȕȐȝ ǨȓȐ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȓ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȗȘȐȊȍȘȎȍȕȞȍȊ ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȗȕ ȌȖș-
ȚȐȋ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȉȍȘȍȋȈ Ȑ șȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐ ǵȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȈȘțșȈȝ ȗȖ-
ȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȒȖȘȈȉȓȐ Ȓ șȍȊȍȘț Ȑ ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȐ Ȓ ȖȚȚȖȔȈȕșȒȖȔț ȉȍȘȍ-
ȋț ǩȣșȚȘȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȉțȘȧ ȗȖȕȍșșȧ Ȗȕ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ș ȒȘȐȒȈȔȐ Ȋ ȟȍșȚȤ
ǨȓȓȈȝȈ Ƕȕ șȚȘȍȔȐȓșȧ Ȓ șȘȈȎȍȕȐȦ ǩȣșȚȘȍȍ ȟȍȔ Ȗȕ ȌțȔȈȓ
ȌȖșȚȐȋ Ȗȕ ǬțȕȈȑșȒȖȑ ȌȖȓȐȕȣ

163
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȍȕȤ ȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȊȍȟȍȘț țȊȐȌȍȓ Ȗȕ ȔȖ-
ȓȖȌțȦ ȗȖȓțȖȌȍȚțȦ ȎȍȕȡȐȕț ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕțȦ ȓțȟȈȔȐ ȏȈȝȖȌȧ-
ȡȍȋȖ șȖȓȕȞȈ ǶȕȈ șȐȌȍȓȈ ȗȖ-ȔțȎșȒȐ ȕȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȔ șȒȈȒț-
ȕȍ ș ȓțȒȖȔ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȘțȒȍ Ȉ ȏȈ ȍȍ șȗȐȕȖȑ șȐȌȍȓ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ ǷȖȌ-
ȕȧȊ ȊȊȍȘȝ șȊȖȉȖȌȕțȦ ȘțȒț ȖȕȈ ȓȖȊȐȓȈ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȍȍ șȚȘȍ-
ȓȖȑ ȌȐȒȖȋȖ ȋȖȓțȉȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȖ șȚȘȍȓȖȑ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȐ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ
ȖȗțșȒȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌșȔȍȘȚȕȣȝ șțȌȖȘȖȋȈȝ ȍȡȍ ȚȘȍȗȍȡȈ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ-
ȔȐȅȚȖ ȏȘȍȓȐȡȍ ȗȓȍȕȐȓȖ ǨȓȐ ǭȔț ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ
ȈȔȈȏȖȕȒȈ ǰ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȍȔț ȗȘȐȠȓȈ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȔȣșȓȤ
— ǵȍ ǯȐȕȈȕȈ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ"
Ƕȕ ȗȖȌȢȍȝȈȓ Ȓ ȕȍȑ Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȍȍ
— ǯȐȕȈȕȈ"
— ȅȚȖ ȧ —ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ
— ǯȐȕȈȕȈ șȊȍȘȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȞȈȘȐȞȈ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ. — Ǩ ȧ
— ǨȓȐ
— ǨȓȐ ǫȍȘȖȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȐȌȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ șȗȈșȚȐ"
— ǺȖȚ șȈȔȣȑ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ, — Ȉ ȚȈȔ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȋȌȍ ȗȖȌ-
ȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ ȗȣȓȤ ȐȌȍȚ ȔȖȍ ȊȖȑșȒȖ ȇ ȓȦȉȓȦ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ
țȍȏȎȈȚȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ șȚȍȗȧȝ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȧ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȚȐȓ Țȍȉȧ
ǵȖ Ȗȕ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ ȓȍȋȒȖȍ ȘȈȏȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ țȉȍȌȐȊ-
ȠȐșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ǺȍȔ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈș-
ȕȈ ǵȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ ȕȍ șȓȖȔȐȓȖ ȍȍ ǫȖȘȌȖ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț
ȖȉȖȎȎȍȕȕȈȧ șȖȓȕȞȍȔ ȒȖȎȈ ȓȐȞȈ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȈȓȈ ȖșȖȉȣȑ ȖȚȗȍ-
ȟȈȚȖȒ ȍȍ ȒȘȈșȖȚȍ ȍȍ ȔțșȒțȓȣ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ Ȗ șȐȓȍ Ȑ
ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍ Ȉ ȋȓȈȏȈ șȔȖȚȘȍȓȐ ȚȍȗȓȖ Ȑ ȏȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖ
ǫȖȘȌȖ Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ șȍȘȌȍȟȕȖ ȗȖȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ǨȓȐ ǷȖȚȖȔ
ȖȕȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȊȖȑșȒț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȈȓȖșȤ Ȓ
ȕȐȔ ȒȈȒ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȓȣȊțȡȈȧ ȗȖ ȕȍȉț ȚțȟȈ
Ǭȓȧ ȕȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȌȣȝȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈȏȉȐȚȣ ȠȈȚȘȣ ǶȚȌȍȓȤȕȖ ȖȚ
ȗȘȖȟȐȝ ȉȣȓ ȘȈȏȉȐȚ ȠȈȚȍȘ Ȍȓȧ ȞȈȘȐȞȣ ǹ ȘȈȉȣȕȧȔȐ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȐ ȊȖȑșȒȖȊȖȔ ȖȉȖȏȍ ǨȓȐ ȗȘȐșȓȈȓ ȍȑ ȊȍȓȐȒȖ-
ȓȍȗȕȣȍ ȖȌȍȧȕȐȧ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȈȔȕȐ ȒȖȊȘȣ ȈȔȉȘț Ȑ ȘȖ-
ȏȖȊȖȍ ȔȈșȓȖ
DzȖȋȌȈ ǯȐȕȈȕȈ șȕȧȓȈ ș șȍȉȧ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȟȤȐ ȌȖșȗȍȝȐ Ȑ ȖȉȓȍȒ-
ȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȖȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȋȓȈșȐȓȈ ǨȓȐ Ȓ șȍȉȍ
ǶȕȈ ȗȖȓțȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȔȧȋȒȖȔ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȔ ȒȖȊȘȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ǨȓȐ

164
ȖȗțșȚȐȚȤșȧ ȘȧȌȖȔ ș ȕȍȦ ǭȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȔȧȋȒȖ ȖȉȓȍȋȈȓȖ șȊȍȚȓȖ-ȋȖ-
ȓțȉȖȍ ȠȍȓȒȖȊȖȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȒȈȒ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȍ
ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȕȣ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȣ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȒȍ
ȉȣȓȈ ȌȐȈȌȍȔȈ ș ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȘțȉȐȕȈȔȐ ǵȖ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ Ȑȝ
ȉȓȍșȒȈ ȉȣȓ ȉȓȍșȒ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȍȔ ȖȉȌȈȊȈ-
ȓȐ ǨȓȐ Ƕȕ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ș ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȖȔ ǹ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȍ-
ȗȘȐȕțȎȌȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȋȘȈȞȐȍȑ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȗȖȌȊȐȕțȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȌȈȚȤ ȍȔț ȊȖȏȓȍ șȍȉȧ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȈșȤ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ
ȍȔț șȊȖȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ǶȕȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȗȘȖșȚȖ Ȑ ȍȍ ȋȖȓȖș ȏȊȍȕȍȓ ȒȈȒ șȍȘȍȉȘȧȕȣȑ
ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓȤȟȐȒ DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ ȒȈșȈȓȈșȤ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȋȖ ȍȍ
ȘȍȟȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȘȈȚȒȈ Ȑ șȌȍȘȎȈȕȕȈ ȕȖ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȍ ȗȘȖȐșȠȍșȚ-
ȊȐȧ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ șȖ ȊșȍȦ ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ șȔȍȧșȤ ȗȖ-ȌȍȚșȒȐ
ǷȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ șȔȍȧȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȍȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȑȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȚȖȟ-
ȕȖ ȉȘȣȏȋȈȓȐ ȓțȟȐ șȊȍȚȈ
ǨȓȐ ȓȦȉȐȓ ȚȈȒȖȑ șȔȍȝ Ȑ ȖȟȈȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș
— ǯȐȕȈȕȈ
ǵȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈ șȊȖȑ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ǹ ȎȍȕșȒȖȑ ȗȘȖșȚȖȚȖȑ
ȖȚȒȘȣȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȈ Ȋ șȊȖȍȔ ȏȈȔț-
ȎȍșȚȊȍ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȌȈȓȖ ȍȑ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȕșȚȊȖ ǹ ȓȦȉȖ-
ȊȤȦ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȍ Ȑ ȋȖȘȤȒȖ ȎȈȓȖȊȈȓȈșȤ ȟȚȖ
Ȗȕ ȖșȐȘȖȚȍȓ Ȑ ȓȐȠȍȕ ȘȖȌȐȕȣ Ȑ ȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȈ
— ǷȖȥȚȖȔț, ǨȓȐ, ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȦ Țȍȉȧ ȖȚ ȊșȍȋȖ șȍȘȌȞȈ — ȏȈ-
ȒȖȕȟȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ȏȈ ȚȊȖȍ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȍ ȏȈȡȐȚȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ǨȓȐ ȉțȌȤ
ȖȚȞȖȔ ȔȖȍȔț ȉȍȌȕȖȔț ȘȍȉȍȕȒț
ǹȓȍȏȣ ȉȓȍșȕțȓȐ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ǨȓȐ ȗȖȕȧȓ Ȑ ȖȞȍȕȐȓ ȍȍ
șȍȘȌȞȍ Ƕȕ Ȋȏȧȓ ȍȍ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȍȍ
— ǯȐȕȈȕȈ ǯȐȕȈȕȈ
ǺȖȟȕȖ ȗȖȘȣȊ șȖȍȌȐȕȐȓ Ȑȝ ȌȘțȋ ș ȌȘțȋȖȔ Ȑ ȋțȉȣ Ȑȝ șȓȐ-
ȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȖȞȍȓțȍ ǵȖȊȈȧ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȈ ǨȓȐ Ȑ ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȐȓȈ
Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȕȖȊȖȍ ȔțȎȍșȚȊȖ
ǵȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ șȗțșȚȧ Ȗȉȍ ȊȘȈȎȌțȦȡȐȍ ȈȘȔȐȐ șȚȖȧȓȐ
țȎȍ ȌȘțȋ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȌȘțȋȈ
— ǨȓȓȈ ǨȓȓȈ — ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓȐșȤ ȒȘȐȒȐ Ȋ ȘȧȌȈȝ ȔȈȋȖȔȍȚȈȕ
Ȑ ȥȚȐ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȗȖȝȖȌȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȠțȔ ȊȏȉțȠȍȊȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȔȖȘȧ ǶȚ
ȗȖȓȒȖȊȖȌȞȈ ȌȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ șȖȓȌȈȚȈ Ȋșȍ ȋȖȚȖȊȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȚȌȈȚȤ
ȏȈ ǨȓȐ șȊȖȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ DzȖȕșȒȐȍ ȝȊȖșȚȣ ȘȈȏȊȍȊȈȓȐșȤ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȈ
ȚȘȍȗȍȚȈȓȐ Ȋ ȓțȟȈȝ șȖȓȕȞȈ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ ȠȓȍȔȣ ȓȈȚȣ ȒȖȗȤȧ

165
ȔȍȟȐ Ȑ ȡȐȚȣ ǨȓȐ ȖȉȢȍȏȎȈȓ ȘȧȌȣ șȊȖȐȝ ȊȖȐȕȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
șȚȖȧȓȐ ȒȈȒ șȚȍȕȣ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȧ Ȑȝ ȝȘȈȉȘȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȔțȎȍșȚȊȖ ǺȖȘ-
ȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȚȐȠȐȕȈ ȊȖȞȈȘȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȍ ȉȐȚȊȣ ǨȓȐ ȖȉȕȈ-
ȎȐȓ ȋȖȓȖȊț Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș ȔȖȓȐȚȊț Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȣȋȓȧȕțȓȖ
șȖȓȕȞȍ Ȑ ȖȘȍȓ ȗȘȖȠțȔȍȓ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ǨȓȐ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȒȘȣ-
ȓȤȧȔȐ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȍȓ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ țȌȈȘ ǵȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤ șȚȈȓ
șȚȘȍȓȧȚȤ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȣ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ șȖșȟȐȚȈȚȤ.
ǴȈșșȣ ȊȖȑșȒȈ șȠȐȉȓȐșȤ ȌȘțȋ ș ȌȘțȋȖȔ Ȑ ȖȚ Ȑȝ ȚȧȎȒȖȋȖ țȌȈ-
ȘȈ ȌȘȖȋȕțȓȈ ȏȍȔȓȧ ǩȈȘȈȉȈȕȣ ȉȐȓȐ ȚȘțȉȣ ȏȊțȟȈȓȐ ȘȍȊȍȓȐ
ȗțȠȒȐ Ȑ ȚȘȍȡȈȓȈ ȘțȎȍȑȕȈȧ ȗȍȘȍșȚȘȍȓȒȈ ǰ șȘȍȌȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȋțȓȈ
ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓȐșȤ ȒȘȐȒȐ «ǨȓȓȈ ǨȓȓȈ». Ǫ ȌȐȒȖȔ ȗȖȘȣȊȍ ȊȖȑș-
ȒȈ șȚȘȍȔȐȓȐșȤ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȊȖȓȕțȧșȤ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȘȍ. ǵȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȈȔȐ
ȊȖȐȕȖȊ ȚțȟȈȔȐ ȊȏȌȣȔȈȓȈșȤ ȗȣȓȤ Ȑ ȏȈȚȍȔȕȧȓȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ DzȖȕȐ
ȘȎȈȓȐ ȋȘȣȏȓȐ țȌȐȓȈ Ȑ ȉȍșȐȓȐșȤ ȊȖȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȘȐȒȐ Ȗȋ-
ȓțȠȈȓȐ țȝȖ ǨȓȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ șȈȔȖȔ ȖȗȈșȕȖȔ ȗțȕȒȚȍ ǹȐȌȧ
ȕȈ șȊȖȍȔ ȒȖȕȍ ș ȔȍȟȖȔ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ Ȗȕ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȊȣȌȍȓȧȓșȧ Ȑȏ
ȚȖȓȗȣ Ȑ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȝȖȎ ȕȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȊȖșȝȖȌȧȡȍȍ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ ȋȖȘ Ƕȕ
șȘȈȏȐȓ țȎȍ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȏȈȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȓȈȚȣ ȘȣȞȈȘȍȑ ǪȉȓȐȏȐ
șȍȉȧ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȆșțȜȈ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȘȈȏȧȡȍȋȖ ǹȐȌȧ ȕȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ
ȒȖȕȍ Ȗȕ ȒȈȒ ȒȖșȖȑ șȘȍȏȈȓ ȔȍȟȖȔ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȘȧȌȣ ǶȚ ȍȋȖ ȋțȉȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȔȍȟȈ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȖȍ ȉȍȋ-
șȚȊȖ Ȉ Ȗȕ ȋȕȈȓșȧ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ șȒȈȓȧ ȏțȉȣ ȊȍșȍȓȖȑ Ȑ ȗȓȖȚȖȧȌȕȖȑ
ȋȘȐȔȈșȖȑ Ȑ șȚȈȓȤ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȓȕȐȧ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȈ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒȍ. Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ
șȚȘȈȠȍȕ ȒȈȒ șȔȍȘȚȤ.
DzȈȒ ȔțȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȑ ȝȘȈȉȘȖ ȕȐ ȖȉȖȘȖȕȧȓșȧ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤ
Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȔȖȋțȟȍȋȖ ȕȈȚȐșȒȈ ȌȘțȎȐȕ ǨȓȐ ǶȌȕȖ
ȒȘȣȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȖ ȔȈȋȖȔȍȚȈȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȏȧȚȖ Ȋ ȗȓȍȕ
ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȖ Ȋ ȉȍȋșȚȊȖ ǪȖȐȕȣ ǨȓȐ șȘȍȏȈȓȐ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȒȘȐ-
ȊȣȔȐ șȈȉȓȧȔȐ, ȒȈȒ ȘȍȗȍȑȕȐȒ, ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤșȒȐȝ ȊȖȐ-
ȕȖȊ ȘȈșșȍȒȈȓȐ ȓȈȚȣ Ȑȝ ȘȣȞȈȘȍȑ ȗȘȖȉȐȊȈȓȐ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȈȔȐ
Ȑȝ Ȏȍȓȍȏȕȣȍ ȠȓȍȔȣ. ǫȌȍ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȖșȤ ȏȈȔȍȠȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ǨȓȐ
ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȈȊȓȐȊȈȓ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ ǹ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȏȐ-
ȘȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȊȖȐȕȣ Ȑ șȓȍȗȖ ȒȐȌȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȊȘȈȋȈ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȊȍ-
ȓȍȕȐȦ ǪȖȒȘțȋ ȕȍȋȖ ȉȐȓȐ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕ ȚȘțȉȐȓȐ Ȋ ȋȖȘ-
ȕȣ ȏȊțȟȈȓȐ ȘȖȎȒȐ ȏȊȍȕȍȓȐ ȞȐȔȉȈȓȣ Ȑ ȓȐȚȈȊȘȣ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ
ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍ ȉȐȚȊȈ Ȉ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ ǹȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȖșȤ ȌȖ
ȕȖȟȐ ǨȓȐ ȖșȚȈȓșȧ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȚȍȓȍȔ ǺȣșȧȟȐ ȚȘțȗȖȊ țșȚȓȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ

166
ȗțȚȤ ǵȖ șȚȘȈȕȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȍȡȍ ȏȈȊȖȍȊȈȕȈ Ȑ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȖȒȖȕ-
ȟȐȓȈșȤ
ȀȈȚȍȘ ș ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊșȒȐȔ ȠȚȈȕȌȈȘȚȖȔ ȉȣȓ ȊȖȏȌȊȐȋȕțȚ Ȍȓȧ
ǨȓȐ ǯȐȕȈȕȈ șȊȍȘȒȈȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȒȘȈșȖȚȖȑ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȋ
ȕȍȔ ȖȕȈ ȖȉȔȣȓȈ ȓȍȋȒțȦ ȘȈȕț ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȉț Ȑ ȊȣȚȍȘȓȈ ȗȖȚ ȕȈ
ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȍ Ƕȕ ȗȐȓ Ȑ ȍȓ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȕȍȑ Ȑ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȏȈșȕțȓ
șȒȓȖȕȐȊȠȐșȤ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ.
ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȈ ȊȚȖȘȈȧ ȉȐȚȊȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȌȈȓȈ
ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȦ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȖ Ȉ ȊȖȑșȒȈȔ ǨȓȐ ȕȍȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȍ ȕȍțȌȖȉșȚȊȖ ȚȘȍȚȤȧ ȉȐȚȊȈ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍȘȍȠȍȕȕȈȧ ǴțȎȍ-
șȚȊȖ ȔȈȋȖȔȍȚȈȕ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȉȈȓȖșȤ
ǵȖȟȤȦ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ Ȍȕȧ ǨȓȐ ȧȊȐȓ-
șȧ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȗțȕȒȚ ȗȍȘȍȌ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȊȖȑșȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș
ȐȔ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȕțȦ ȘȍȟȤ
— ǪȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȐ ȕȈ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ ȗȖȓțȔȍșȧȞȈ ǨȓȓȈȝ ȊȈȔ
ȏȈȡȐȚȈ ǩțȌȤȚȍ ȝȘȈȉȘȣ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣ ǪȖȑȕȈ ȊȍȌȍȚșȧ ȏȈ
șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖșȚȤ ȊȍȘț Ȑ șȊȖȉȖȌț ȅȚȖ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȈȧ ȊȖȑȕȈ DzȚȖ
ȗȈȌȍȚ Ȋ ȉȐȚȊȍ — ȉțȌȍȚ Ȋ ȘȈȦ ȗȘȖȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȖȚ Ȋșȍȝ ȋȘȍȝȖȊ
DzȚȖ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ ȎȐȊ — ȉțȌȍȚ șȓȈȊȍȕ DzȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȚȘȖ ȉȓȍșȕȍȚ
ȕȈ ȕȍȉȍ — ȊȣȕȐȔȈȑȚȍ ȊȈȠȐ ȔȍȟȐ ȏȈȘȧȎȈȑȚȍ ȧȌȘȈȔȐ ȗțȠ-
ȒȐ. ǪȍȘȤȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȖșȣȗȓȦ ȊȈș șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȈȉțȌț ȕȐ
Ȗ ȒȖȔ ǰȚȈȒ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ǨȓȓȈ ǨȓȓȈ
— ǨȓȓȈȝ — ȘȈȏȌȈȓȖșȤ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ǵȈȟȐȕȈȓȖșȤ șȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ
ǪȖȏȋȓȈșȣ ȊȖȐȕȖȊ ȗȖȚȘȧșȓȐ ȊȖȏȌțȝ Ȑ ș ȗȓȈȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȖȚȊȈȋȖȑ
ȘȐȕțȓȐșȤ ȖȕȐ ȕȈ ȊȘȈȋȈ ǺȖȟȕȖ ȋȖȘȣ șȚȖȓȒȕțȓȐșȤ ȖȉȈ ȊȖȑ-
șȒȈ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓ ȉȣȓ Ȑȝ țȌȈȘ DzȘȖȊȈȊȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ ȘȈȏȓȐȓȖșȤ ȗȖ ȏȍȔ-
ȓȍ Ȑ șȌȍȓȈȓȖ ȍȍ ȒȘȈșȕȖȑ Ǫ ȗȖȓȌȍȕȤ ǨȓȐ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȑ-
șȒȈ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ Ȑ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȊȍȊȈȦȚșȧ ǷȖȉȍȌȕȣȍ ȒȘȐȒȐ
ȕȍșȓȐșȤ ȍȔț ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ǹȚȈȓȤ ȒȓȐȕȒȖȊ ȔȖȓȕȐȧȔȐ șȊȍȘȒȈȓȈ
Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȈȔȐ șȘȈȎȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȗțȠȒȐ ȘȍȊȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ
ȌȐȒȐȍ ȓȤȊȣ Ȑ ȗȖȘȖȝȖȊȖȑ ȌȣȔ ȏȈȊȖȓȈȒȐȊȈȓ ȕȍȉȖ ǵȍȗȘȐȧ-
ȚȍȓȤ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȌȐȒȖȍ ȉȍȋșȚȊȖ
— DzȖȘȖȓȧ Ȕȕȍ ȒȖȘȖȓȧ — ȋȘȖȔȖȊȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ ǨȓȐ
ǩȣȓȖ țȎȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȖȓțȌȕȧ ǪȖȐȕȣ ǨȓȐ țȎȍ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓȐ
țșȚȈȊȈȚȤ ȕȖ Ȗȕ ȖȉȖȌȘȧȓ Ȑȝ ȊȕȖȊȤ șȓȖȊȖȔ Ȑ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȖȔ ǭȋȖ
ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ Ȋ șȈȔȣȝ ȖȗȈșȕȣȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ șȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑ
Ȗȕ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȖȘȈȎȈȓ șȊȖȍȑ șȔȍȓȖșȚȤȦ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȧȊȐȓșȧ
ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȆșțȜ ș ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ șȊȍȘȒȈȊȠȐȔȐ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȔ ȉȓȍș-

167
ȒȖȔ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȧ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȘțȒț
— DzȖȘȖȓȤ
ǨȓȐ ȘȐȕțȓșȧ ȕȖ ȍȋȖ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȦ ȒȈȒ ȓȍȊ. DzȖȘȖȓȤ ȔȟȈȓșȧ
șȗȈșȈȧșȤ ȉȍȋșȚȊȖȔ ȖȒȘțȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȔȐ ȘȣȞȈȘȧȔȐ Ȑ
ǨȓȐ șȖ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȒȘȐȟȈ
— ǶșȚȈȕȖȊȐșȤ țȉȐȑȞȈ ǹȚȖȑ ȗȖȝȐȚȐȚȍȓȤ ȚȘȖȕȈ
Ƕȕ ȕȈșȚȐȋ ȒȖȘȖȓȧ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ țȌȈȘȖȔ ȘȈȏȉȐȓ ȍȋȖ ȡȐȚ Ȑ
ȊȣȉȐȓ Ȑȏ șȍȌȓȈ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ
ǷȘȐȉȓȐȎȍȕȕȣȍ ǨȓȐ ȖȒȘțȎȐȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȘȖȓȤ ȉȣȓ ȊȏȧȚ Ȋ
ȗȓȍȕ ǹȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȓȖșȤ
ǸȈȌȖșȚȕȣȍ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȐșȗțșȒȈȓȖ ȊȖȑșȒȖ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȘȈȏȊȍȊȈȓȐșȤ
ȉțȕȟțȒȐ Ȑ ȠȚȈȕȌȈȘȚȣ ǨȓȐ șȐȌȍȓ Ȋ ȉȍȓȖȔ ȠȈȚȘȍ ȖȌȍȚȣȑ Ȋ
ȉȍȓȖȍ ȖȌȍȧȕȐȍ Ȑ ȚȈȒțȦ Ȏȍ ȟȈȓȔț șȖ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȐȔ ȔȍȟȖȔ Ȋ
ȘțȒȍ Ȑ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȝȖȎ ȕȈ ȗȖșȓȈȕȕȐȒȈ ȕȍȉȈ
Ƕȕ ȏȈȔȍȕȐȓ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖșȚȤ ȔȐȓȖșȍȘȌȐȍȔ ȗȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȖ-
ȘȖȓȤ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȔȍȡȍȕ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȠȈȚȘȍ Ȑ ȍȋȖ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȋȘȈȕȐȞț
— ǷȖȉȍȌȈ ȗȖȉȍȌȈ — ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊțȦȡȍ Ȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȘȈȏȌȈ-
ȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȘȧȌȈȝ ȔȈȋȖȔȍȚȈȕ ǸȈȌȖșȚȤ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞ ǴȍȎ-
Ȍț ȚȍȔ, ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓ ȊȍȟȍȘ Ȑ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ ȓțȕȈ ȖșȊȍȚȐȓȈ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȓț-
ȟȈȔȐ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț ȥȚȖȋȖ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȈ Ǩ ȗȖȏȈȌȐ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȒțȌȈ ȝȊȈ-
ȚȈȓ ȋȓȈȏ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȐșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȉț ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȏȈȘȍȊȈ ȋȖȘȍȊȠȐȝ Ȍȍ-
ȘȍȊȍȕȤ Ȑ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȊ — ȖȕȐ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȗțȚȤ ȗȖȉȍȌȖȕȖșȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȑ-
șȒȈǷȘȍȎȌȍ, ȟȍȔ ȖȚȌȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȒȖȦ ǨȓȐ ȖȉȢȍȝȈȓ ȗȖȓȍ ȉȐȚȊȣ
ȗȘȐȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȚȤ ȘȈȕȍȕȣȝ Ȑ ȗȖȝȖȘȖȕȐȚȤ țȉȐȚȣȝ ȕȍ
ȌȍȓȈȧ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȧ ȔȍȎȌț ȊȘȈȋȈȔȐ Ȑ șȊȖȐȔȐ ǯȌȍșȤ Ȗȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ
ȆșțȜȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȘȖȌȐȓ șȘȍȌȐ ȚȘțȗȖȊ ȒȈȒ ȋȐȍȕȈ, șȒȈȓȧ
ȏțȉȣ
ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȗȕ ȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ Ȋ ȠȈȚȍȘ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȗȍȘȍȌ ǯȐȕȈȕȖȑ
șȊȖȑ Ȕȍȟ ǵȖ ȖȕȈ țȗȈȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȑ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒ-
ȕțȓȈ
— ǨȓȐ — șțȓȚȈȕ!
— ǬȈ ȏȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȍȚ ǨȓȐ șțȓȚȈȕ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓȐ ȏȈ ȕȍȑ
ȗȖȓȒȖȊȖȌȞȣ Ȑ ȥȚȖȚ ȒȘȐȒ ȗȖȌȝȊȈȚȐȓȖ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȑșȒȖ
ǯȈȏȊțȟȈȓȐ ȞȐȔȉȈȓȣ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓȐșȤ ȚȈȕȞȣ ǵȖȟȤ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐ-
ȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ DzȈȎȌȣȑ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȈȓșȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤȦ ǵȖ ǨȓȐ
țȌȈȓȐȓșȧ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȑ ȖȚȌȈȓșȧ ȓȈșȒȈȔ ǯȐȕȈȕȣ

168
ǭȌȊȈ ȊȏȖȠȓȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ ǨȓȐ ȌȊȐȕțȓșȧ Ȓ șȚȖȓȐȞȍ ǷȖ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȕȈȔ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȎȐȚȍȓȐ Ȑ ȒȓȈȕȧȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȦ șȊȖȍȔț
ȕȖȊȖȔț ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȦ ǻ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȐȝ ȊȖȘȖȚ ǨȓȐ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐ șȚȈ-
ȘȍȑȠȐȕȣ Ȑ ș ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖȌȕȍșȓȐ ȍȔț ȒȓȦ-
ȟȐ ǺȖȓȗȣ ȗȈȘȖȌȈ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȜȈȕȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȒȘȐȒȈȔȐ
ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ
ǨȓȐ, ș ȋȖȘȌȣȔ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍȔ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȧ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȐȔȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȐ ȐȏȢȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȒȖȘȕȖșȚȐ ȒȈȒ ȌȖȓȎȕȖȍ Ȑ ȖȚ-
ȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ǯȐȕȈȕȖȑ Ȋ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊșȒȐȑ ȌȊȖȘȍȞ
ǺȣșȧȟȐ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȝ ȉȣȓȐ șȖȉȘȈȕȣ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ țȒȘȈșȐȚȤ
ȌȊȖȘȍȞ Ȑ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤ țȒȘȈȠȍȕȐȧ Ȍȓȧ ȒȖȘȖȕȖȊȈȕȐȧ ǨȓȐ ǫȍ-
ȘȖȓȤȌȣ Ȑ ȊȍșȚȕȐȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȘȈȏȖșȓȈȕȣ Ȋ ȘȈȏȕȣȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȟȚȖ-
ȉȣ ȊȖȏȊȍȡȈȚȤ ȊșȍȔ ȗȖȌȌȈȕȕȣȔ ȟȚȖ ǨȓȐ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȓ ȊȘȈȋȈ Ȑ
șȏȣȊȈȍȚ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȒȖȘȖȕȈȞȐȐ ǵȈșȓȍȌȕȐȒȖȔ
șȊȖȐȔ Ȗȕ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȈȓ șȣȕȈ ǯȐȕȈȕȣ Ȉ ȍȍ ȉȘȈȓ șȍȉȍ Ȋ șțȗȘțȋȐ
Ƕȕ ȚȍȔ ȖȝȖȚȕȍȍ ȗȖșȚțȗȈȓ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓ ȐȏȊȍșȚȐȍ
Ȑȏ ǰȕȌȐȐ Ȗ șȔȍȘȚȐ ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌȣ țȉȐȚȖȑ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȐȒȖȔ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȋȖ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȘȈșȚȖȗȚȈȚȤ șȓȖȕȈȔȐ
ǵȈ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ Ȋșȧ șȚȘȈȕȈ ȒȕȧȏȤȧ ȌȊȖȘȧ-
ȕȍ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȐȍ ȎȐȚȍȓȐ Ȑ ȒȘȍșȚȤȧȕȍ ȌȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȕȐȡȍȋȖ.
ǹȈȔ ȌȍȕȤ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȈ ȉȣȓ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȍȕ ȚȖȟȕȖ Ȑ ǨȓȓȈȝ șȖ-
ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȓȈȊȍ ǨȓȐ Ȁȍȑȝ-țȓȤ-ǰșȓȈȔ Ȋ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȑ ȔȍȟȍȚȐ
ȊȖȏȓȖȎȐȓ ȕȈ ǨȓȐ șțȓȚȈȕșȒțȦ ȏȖȓȖȚțȦ ȒȖȘȖȕț Ȑ ȚȈȒțȦ Ȏȍ
ȔȍȕȤȠțȦ ȊȖȏȓȖȎȐȓ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȊț ǯȐȕȈȕȣ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȗȖȌ ȏȊțȒȐ
ȜȈȕȜȈȘ ȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ȚȘȖȕțȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȚȘȖȕȕțȦ ȏȈȓț ǴȖȓȖȌȖȑ șțȓ-
ȚȈȕ Ȋȍȓ ȏȈ ȘțȒț șȊȖȦ șțȗȘțȋț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ Ȋ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ șȊȍȘ-
ȒȈȓȈ, ȒȈȒ șȖȓȕȞȍ ǨȓȐ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȝ ȓȈȚȈȝ ș ȔȍȟȖȔ ȕȈ ȗȖȧ-
șȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ Ȗȕ șȓȖȔȐȓ ȊȘȈȋȈ, Ȑ Ȋ ȗțȘȗțȘȖȊȖȔ ȗȓȈȡȍ ǭȋȖ
ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȓ Ȋ șȖȉȘȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȠȍȗȖȚ țȌȐȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȧ.
ǵȈ ȒȖȊȘȈȝ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȍ ȒțȘȐȓȤȕȐȞȣ ȚȘȖȐ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȒ-
ȘȣȚ ȠȒțȘȈȔȐ ȗȈȕȚȍȘ Ȑ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ ȉȣȓ ȗȈȘȟȖȊȣȑ ȉȈȓȌȈȝȐȕ
țșȍȧȕȕȣȑ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕȚȈȔȐ șȊȍȘȒȈȊȠȐȔȐ, ȒȈȒ ȘȖșȐȕȒȐ ȕȈ
șȖȓȕȞȍ ǷȖ șȚȍȕȈȔ șȚȖȧȓȐ șȊȖȐ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤșȒȐȍ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȈ
Ȑ ȚȘȖȜȍȐ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȈȘșȍȕȈȓ ȊșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖȋȖ ȖȘțȎȐȧ ȔȍȟȐ ȡȐ-
Țȣ ȓȈȚȣ ȗȈȕȞȐȘȐ ȒȖȗȤȧ ȓțȒȐ ȒȖȓȟȈȕȣ Ȑ ȘțȎȤȧ
ǹȗȘȈȊȈ Ȑ șȓȍȊȈ ȖȚ ȚȘȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȞȍȗȧȔȐ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ
ȓȤȊȣ Ȑ ȚȐȋȘȣ ȒȈȒ ȥȔȉȓȍȔȣ șȐȓȣ ǩȣȓȐ șȖȉȘȈȕȣ ȜȘȍȑȓȐ-

ȕȣ șțȓȚȈȕȠȐ Ȋ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȝ ȗȓȈȚȤȧȝ ȘȈȉȣȕȐ Ȋ ȏȖȓȖȚȣȝ ȗȖȧșȈȝ
ȌȈȓȍȍ șȚȖȧȓȐ ȒȕȧȏȤȧ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȖȌȞȣ Ȑ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȍ ȓțȟȐ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȏȖȓȖȚȍ ȖȌȍȎȌ ȐȋȘȈȓȐ Ȋ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȈȔȕȧȝ Ȑ
șȊȍȘȒȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȖȘțȎȐȐ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȆșțȜ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ș
țșȍȧȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȖ ȕȍȔ ȘțȉȐȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȈșȔțȘȕȖ
ȒȈȒ ȕȖȟȤ
ǨȓȐ ȊȊȍȓ ǯȐȕȈȕț ȕȈ ȚȘȖȕ Ȑ ȏȈȕȧȓ ș ȕȍȑ ȔȍșȚȖ ǵȈȟȈȓȐșȤ
ȔțȏȣȒȈ Ȑ ȗȍȕȐȍ ǷȘȐȕȍșȓȐ șȣȕȈ ǯȐȕȈȕȣ ǨȓȐ ȗȘȐȎȈȓ ȔȈȓȤ-
ȟȐȒȈ Ȓ șȍȘȌȞț Ȑ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ȗȖȌȕȧȊ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȓ ȕȍȉț:
— ǨȓȓȈȝ ȗȖȔȖȋ Ȕȕȍ șȓȖȔȐȚȤ ȊȘȈȋȈ ǬȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖ-
Ȋȍȕ ȥȚȖȚ ȌȍȕȤ Ȑ ȉȓȈȋȖșȓȖȊȍȕ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ!
ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓ ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ ȔȈȚȍȘȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ș ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣ-
ȔȐ șȓȍȏȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȎȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȓ șȊȖȍȑ ȋȘțȌȐ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȟȈȓșȧ ȈȒȚ ȗȘȐșȧȋȐ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓ Ȓ ǨȓȐ Ȑ
ȒȓȈȕȧȓșȧ ȍȔț Ȋ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȒȈȒ ȊȍȓȐȒȖȔț ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȦ ǭȋȖ ȗȍȘ-
Ȋȣȑ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘ ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍș șȓȖȊȖ
— ǺȊȖȧ ȔȖȋțȟȈȧ ȘțȒȈ Ȗ șțȓȚȈȕ ȖșȊȖȉȖȌȐȓȈ ȕȈș Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ
ȚȧȎȍȓȖȋȖ ȐȋȈ ȟțȎȍȏȍȔȞȍȊ Ǻȣ șȗȈș ȒȖȘȖȕț Ȑ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȐȓ șȟȈ-
șȚȤȍȔ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȚȊȖȐȝ ȗȖȌȌȈȕȕȣȝ ǷțșȚȤ ȗȖȚȖȔșȚȊȖ ȚȊȖȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȞȊȍȚȍȚ ȕȈ ȚȘȖȕȍ ȒȈȒ ȘȖȏȖȊȣȑ șȈȌ Ȕȣ Ȏȍ ȗȖ ȚȊȖȍȔț ȔȈȕȖȊȍ-
ȕȐȦ ȋȖȚȖȊȣ ȓȍȟȤ Ȋ ȗȣȓȤ ǬȈ ȏȌȘȈȊșȚȊțȍȚ șțȓȚȈȕ
ǸȈȌȖșȚȕȣȍ ȒȘȐȒȐ șȖȉȘȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȚȊȍȚȖȔ ȕȈ ȥȚȐ șȓȖ-
ȊȈ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȓ ȚȘȖȕț ș ȐȏȢȧȊȓȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȊȍȘȗȖȗȖȌȌȈȕȕȖ-
șȚȐ ǪȖȐȕȣ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ șȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓȐ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȒ ǷȖșȓȈȕȕȐȒȐ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȓ ȚȘȖȕț Ȑ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȗȖȏ-
ȌȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧȔȐ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȍȑ ȗȖȌȕȖșȐȓȐ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȍ ȌȈȘȣ
ǶȕȐ ȗȖȌȕȖșȐȓȐ ȈȔȉȘț ȏȖȓȖȚȖ șȍȘȍȉȘȖ ȗȈȘȟț ȖȘțȎȐȍ ȚȒȈ-
ȕȐ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȈ ȉȍȏ ȟȐșȓȈ
ǰ Ȋșȍ ȖȕȐ șȒȓȖȕȧȓȐșȤ ȕȐȞ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȘȖȕȖȔ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȚșȚ-
ȊȖȊȈȓȐ ǨȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȒȖȘȖȓȧ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȑ
ǨȓȐ ȉȣȓ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȊȓȈșȚȐȚȍȓȍȔ ȊșȍȋȖ șȊȍȚȈ

170
XIII
ǩȖȓȤȠȍȋȖ ȌȖșȚȐȋ ǨȓȐ ȟȍȔ ȔȖȋ ȔȍȟȚȈȚȤ ȊȖ șȕȍ ȕȖ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ
ȕȍ ȌȖșȚȐȋ — șȍȘȌȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȒȖȧ ǹȘȍȌȐ ȊȣșȠȍȋȖ ȏȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȖ-
ȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ Ȗȕ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȕȍțȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȕȣȔ ǮȋțȟȈȧ
ȚȖșȒȈ șȎȐȔȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȋȘțȌȤ ȕȈ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ șȊȐȕȞȖȊȈȧ Țȧ-
ȎȍșȚȤ ȏȖȓȖȚȈȧ ȒȖȘȖȕȈ ȎȋȓȈ ȍȔț ȓȖȉ ȒȈȒ Ȗȋȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȖȉȘțȟ
ȕȍțȔȖȓȒȈȍȔȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȍȋȖ țȠȈȝ
— ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ
Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȍȍ ȏȈȉȣȚȤ ȊȣȘȊȈȚȤ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȋȖ șȍȘȌȞȈ ǴțȟȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȗȘȍȒȈȓ Ȗȕ șȍȉȧ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȏȈ șȊȖȍȑ ȊȖȏ-
ȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȖȑ Ȋ Țț ȘȖȒȖȊțȦ ȕȖȟȤ ȅȚț ȊȐȕț Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȐșȒțȗȐȚȤ
ȕȐȒȈȒȐȔȐ ȒȖȘȖȓȍȊșȒȐȔȐ șȖȒȘȖȊȐȡȈȔȐ ǵȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȐșȒȈȓ Ȗȕ
ȏȈȉȊȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȚȘțȌȈȝ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȓ
ȖȚ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒȈ Ȓ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒț ȖȚ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȧ Ȓ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍ-
ȕȐȦ ǿȍȘȊȤ Ȋ ȍȋȖ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȚȖȟȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȓ ȍȔț ȗȖȒȖȧ
dzȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȈșȔțȘȕȖ Ȑ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖ ǶȝȖȚȕȖ ȖȚȌȈȓ ȉȣ Ȗȕ
Ȋșȍ șȊȖȍ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȏȈ ȖȌȕț ǯȦȓȍȑȒț ȀȗȐȖȕȣ Ȑ șȖȋȓȧȌȈ-
ȚȈȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȗȕ ȗȖșȣȓȈȓ ȖȚȣșȒȐȊȈȚȤ ȍȍ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ șȚȘȈȕȣ șȊȍ-
ȚȈ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓȐșȤ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕțȊ ǶȕȈ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ Ƕȕ
ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȕȈȏȖȊȍȚ ȍȍ șȊȖȍȦ Ȗȕ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȗ ȕȍȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȕȍȟ-
ȚȈȚȤ
ǭȍ ȖȉȘȈȏ șȕȐȓșȧ ȍȔț ȊȖ șȕȍ ǶȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȈ Ȓ ȕȍȔț
ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȍȍ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȖ ȍȔț
— ǯȈȟȍȔ Țȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȒȐȕțȓ"
ǶȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ
— ǨȓȐ ȗȘȐȌȐ Ȋ șȍȉȧ
ǭȍ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȍȋȖ ȚȍȕȤ ȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ
ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȓ ȘțȒț ȟȚȖȉȣ șȝȊȈȚȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ Ȗȕ ȘȈșȗȓȣȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȊȖȏ-
Ȍțȝȍ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȍ ș ȖȌȕȖȑ ȘȈ-
ȉȣȕȍȑ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈȗȈȓ șȚȘȈȝ Ƕȕ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤ Ȋșȍ Ȑ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ
ȖȚȣșȒȐȊȈȚȤ ǯȦȓȍȑȒț ȗȖ ȊșȍȔț șȊȍȚț Ƕȕ ȗȖȏȊȈȓ ȆșțȜȈ Ȑ
ȊȣșȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț șȊȖȐ ȚȍȘȏȈȕȐȧ ȚȖȚ șȓțȠȈȓ ȍȋȖ ș ȐȘȖȕȐȟȍ-
șȒȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ.
— ǵȈȑȌȐ Ȕȕȍ ǯȦȓȍȑȒț — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȋ ȋȕȍ-
Ȋȍ șȝȊȈȚȐȊ ȆșțȜȈ ȏȈ ȘțȒț. — ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ș ȕȍȑ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȉȣȚȤ șȟȈ-

171
șȚȓȐȊȣȔ
— ǸȈȏȊȍ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȚȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȟțȌȍșȈ" — ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ ȆșțȜ ȧȌȖ-
ȊȐȚȖ. — ǸȈȏȊȍ ȧ ȔȖȋț șȌȊȐȋȈȚȤ ȋȖȘȣ Ȑ ȖșțȠȈȚȤ ȔȖȘȧ" ǸȈȏȊȍ
ȧ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚ ȟȚȖ Țȣ ȚȍȘȏȈȍȠȤșȧ" ȇ ȗȖȔȖȋ Țȍȉȍ ȊȏȖȑȚȐ ȕȈ ȊȍȘ-
ȠȐȕț ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ șȓȈȊȣ ȧ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȓ Țȍȉȍ ȔȖȋțȡȍșȚȊȖ Ȑ
șȐȓț — ȟȍȋȖ Țȍȉȍ ȍȡȍ ȕțȎȕȖ" ǯȈȟȍȔ ȎȈȓțȍȠȤșȧ Țȣ ȟȚȖ Țȍ-
ȉȍ ȕȍ ȒȈȎȌțȦ ȔȐȕțȚț șȊȍȚȐȚ șȖȓȕȞȍ" ǹȔȖȚȘȐ șȈȔȖ ȕȍȉȖ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧȍȚșȧ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȉ Țȣ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖȋȖ șȟȈșȚȤȧ
— ȇ ȎȈȎȌț ǯȦȓȍȑȒț Ƕ, ȕȈȑȌȐ Ȕȕȍ ȧ ȕȈȋȘȈȎț Țȍȉȧ șȍȘȍ-
ȉȘȖȔ Ȑ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ Ȑ ȊȖȏȊȍȌț ȕȈ ȚȘȖȕ Ȋșȍȑ ȏȍȔȓȐ Ǻȣ șȖȉȈȒȈ
ǿȘȍȏ Țȍȉȧ ȧ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȍȍ
— ǩȍȏțȔȍȞ Țȣ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȟȍȔ ȔȖȘșȒȈȧ ȗȍșȟȐȕȒȈ —ȖȚȊȍ-
ȚȐȓ ȆșțȜ — ǭșȓȐ ȉȣ Țȣ ȉȣȓ țȔȕȍȍ Țȣ ȉȣ ȕȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓ
ȔȖȐȔ șȖȊȍȚȈȔ
— Ǻȣ ȏȓȖȌȍȑ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ Ȍȓȧ ȏȓȈ — ȒȘȐȒȕțȓ ȍȔț ǨȓȐ
— ǬȈ ȧ ȉȍȏțȔȍȞ ȒȈȒ ȉȍȏțȔȞȣ Țȍ ȒȚȖ țȚȖȓȧȍȚ ȎȈȎȌț Ȑȏ
ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȈ
ǰ ș ȒȐȕȎȈȓȖȔ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ Ȗȕ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȆșțȜȈ ȕȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌ-
ȕȐȑ ȗȘȧȕțȓ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝ Ȑ ȗȘȖȗȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȚțȔȈȕ ǭȋȖ ȕȈșȔȍȠȓȐȊȖ-
ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș ȗȘȖȏȊțȟȈȓ Ȑȏ ȗțșȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ
— ǽa, ȝȈ Ǻȣ ȝȖȚȍȓ țȔȍȘȚȊȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȚȖ ȘȈȏȘțȠȈȍȚ ȌȊȖȘ-
Ȟȣ Ȑ ȝȘȈȔȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȗȖȌȊȓȈșȚȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȎȐȊțȡȍȍ ǵȖ ǯȦ-
ȓȍȑȒț Țȣ țȊȐȌȐȠȤ
ǰ Ȋșȍ șȔȖȓȒȓȖ
ǨȓȐ ș țȎȈșȖȔ ȖȋȓȧȌȍȓșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ șȍȉȧ
— ȇ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ — ǵȍȚ ȧ ȕȍ
ȟȍȘȊȤ ȧ ȘȈȏȌȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȓȍȊ ȧ ȌȖȒȈȎț ȍȔț ȥȚȖ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȗȕ țȗȈȓ ȒȈȒ șȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȖȓȕȐȍȑ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȗȖ-
ȒȐȕțȓȖ ȍȋȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ șȓȐȓȈșȤ ș ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȍȑ ȋȘțȌȤ
ȍȋȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȕȈȓȐȚȈ șȊȐȕȞȖȔ Ȗȕ ȞȈȘȈȗȈȓ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ
șȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ ȒȖȊȍȘ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ ȒȈȒ țȋȓȐ Ȑ
ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ șȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȍȘȣȊȐșȚȣȔ
ǽȠȠȠ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȕȍȋȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȠțȔ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȖȚ
ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖȋȖ ȊȐȝȘȧ Ȑ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȠȈȉȈȠȍ ȊȍȌȤȔ ȏȈȒȘțȎȐȓșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ
ȕȍȋȖ ȝȖȘȖȊȖȌ Ȑȏ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȐȋȘȈȊȠȐȝ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȘȖȓȤ Ȋ
ȍȋȖ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǴȈȘȈ ȖȉȖȓȤșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȔȍȦȡȈȧșȧ Ȑ ȏȖȊțȡȈȧ Ȓ
ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȧȔ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ șȚȘȈșȚȐ ǼȈȚȐȔȈ ȋȖȘȌȈȧ Ȑ șȓȈșȚȖȓȦ-
ȉȐȊȈȧ ǼȈȘȈȐȓȤȌȈ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȖ-ȗȘȖșȚȈȧ ǴȈȑȧ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȕȈȧ șȈ-

172
ȔȖȖȚȊȍȘȎȍȕȕȈȧ ǨșȚȈ ȌȘțȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ǯȐȕȈȕȈ ǶȕȐ șȗȓȍȓȐșȤ
ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȒȘțȎȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȌȐȒȖȑ ȗȓȧșȒȍ ȚȖ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȚȖ ȉȣ-
șȚȘȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȊȐȝȘȤ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȘȈȏȊȍȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȑȝ ȘȈșȗțȡȍȕȕȣȍ
ȊȖȓȖșȣ ǷȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ Ȑȏ ȋȓțȉȐȕȣ ȚȖȟȕȖ Ȑȏ ȈȌȈ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȈȓȈșȤ
ȔțȏȣȒȈ Ȑ ȆșțȜ ȖȚȉȐȊȈȓ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȍ ȚȈȒȚ țȌȈȘȧȧ ȗȖ ȟȍȘȍȗț
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ ȒȖșȚȤȦ ǶȚȍȞ ǨȓȐ ȈȔȐȕ ǨȒȉȈȘ ȐȋȘȈȓ Ȋ ȠȈȝ-
ȔȈȚȣ ș ȖȚȞȖȔ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȐ ȥȔȐȘ ǸțșȚȈȕ ȗȖȌȒȘȈȌȣȊȈȓșȧ Ȓ ǯȦ-
ȓȍȑȒȍ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȚȤ ȍȦ șȐȓȖȑ ȠțȚ ǫȈȉȉȐȖ șȗȖȘȐȓ ș ȒȘȐȊ-
ȓȧȦȡȍȑșȧ ȕȍȋȘȐȚȧȕȒȖȑ ǫȘțȉȖ ȘȈȏȘȐșȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȐȌȖȓ șȒȈȓȐȓ
șȊȖȐ ȏțȉȣ șȓȖȕȣ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓȐ șȊȖȐ ȝȖȉȖȚȣ ȚȐȋȘȣ ȘȣȟȈȓȐ
ȓȖȠȈȌȐ ȘȎȈȓȐ șȖȉȈȒȐ ȓȈȧȓȐ ǻ ȕȖȋ ǨșȚȣ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ țȉȐȚȈȧ
ȏȔȍȧ. ǷȖȚȖȔ ȠȓȐ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȍ ȊȖȐȕȣ ȗȖȌ ȋȓțȝȐȍ ȏȊțȒȐ ȚțȘȍȞ-
ȒȖȋȖ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȈ Ȑ ȕȈ Ȑȝ ȒȖȗȤȧȝ ȊȐșȍȓȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȍ ȟȍȘȍȗȈ
Ȉ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔȐ ȊȣșȖȒȖ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȓȖșȤ ȏȕȈȔȧ ȗȖȓțȔȍșȧȞȈ ǷȖȚȖȔ
ȧȊȐȓșȧ șȒȍȓȍȚ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ șȒȍȓȍȚ ș ȒȈȓȤȧȕȖȔ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ
Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ — Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȊȍȘȚȍȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȉȍȏțȔȕȖȑ ȗȓȧșȒȍ
ǨȓȐ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ șȚȖȕȈȓ ȕȖ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ ȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ Ǫ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȕȍ ȖȚ ȚȈȕȞțȦȡȐȝ șȚȖȧȓȐ ǹțȘȈ Ȑ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ǷȍȟȈȓȤȕȖ șȔȖȚ-
ȘȍȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȈ ǨȓȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȈ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȘțȒȐ ǪȌȘțȋ Ȋșȗȣȝ-
ȕțȓȖ ȗȓȈȔȧ Ȑȏ ȚȘțȉȒȐ ȒȈȓȤȧȕȈ ș ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ Ȑ Ȋșȧ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ ȏȈ-
ȊȖȓȖȒȓȈșȤ ȟȍȘȕȣȔ țȌțȠȓȐȊȣȔ ȌȣȔȖȔ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȈ ǴȈȘȈ
ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ ȍȡȍ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍȋȖ ȊȐȌȐȔȖȑ DzȘȈșȈȊȐȞȈ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓȈșȤ
ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Ȋ ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȊȍȌȤȔț ȗȖȒȘȣȚțȦ ȗȍȗȓȖȔ ȖȚ ȋȈ-
ȠȐȠȈ Ȑ ș ȖȚȊȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȓȈ ȍȔț
ȒȈȓȤȧȕ.
ǨȓȐ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ȗ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ Ǫșȍ ȍȋȖ ȚȍȓȖ ȋȖȘȍȓȖ Ȗȕ ȎȈȎ-
ȌȈȓ ȊȖȌȣ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȉȓțȌȐȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȋ ȏȕȖȑȕȖȑ ȗțșȚȣȕȍ ȗțȚȕȐȒ
— ǪȖȌȣ — ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ȗȕ, — șȗȈșȐȚȍ
ǰ Ȗȟȕțȓșȧ
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ǹ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȋȓȧȌȍȓșȧ Ȗȕ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ǫȖȘȧȟȐȑ ȗȖȚ ȗȖȒ-
ȗȣȊȈȓ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȒȓȖȒȖȚȈȓȈ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȎȐȓȈȝ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ
ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȋȌȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ Ƕȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ șȍȉȧ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȔ ȕȈ ȕȐ-
ȡȍȕșȒȖȔ ȓȖȎȍ ǵȍ șȖȕ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ" Ƕȕ ȗȘȖȚȍȘ șȍȉȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ ǵȍȚ
ȥȚȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ƕȕ țȏȕȈȓ ȗȈȓȈȚȒț Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȗȘȐȊȍȓ

173
ȍȋȖ ȆșțȜ ȗȖșȓȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȍȔț ȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȖșȤ ǹȒȊȖȏȤ ȍȍ ȌȣȘȣ ȗȘȖȉȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȊȖȊȕțȚȘȤ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȍ
ȓțȟȐ ǵȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ Ȗȕ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȑ
Ȏȍ ȗȈȓȈȚȒȍ Ƕȕ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓșȧ Ƕȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȌȍȚ Ȋ
ȓȖȝȔȖȚȤȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȊȈȓȧȊȠȍȍșȧ ȕȈ ȋȖȓȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȍ șȊȖȍ ȏȈȘȎȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȖȘțȎȐȍ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȖșȚȣȊȠȐȑ ȒȈȓȤȧȕ ș ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ ǪȖȏ-
ȔȖȎȕȖ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ"
Ƕȕ țȊȐȌȍȓ ȗȖȌȓȍ șȍȉȧ ȖȉȓȖȔȖȒ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȈ Ȋȏȧȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȘțȒț
Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȍș Ȓ ȓȐȞț ȐșȗțșȚȐȊ ȒȘȐȒ țȎȈșȈ:
—ǵȍȚȥȚȖȕȍȧ
ǭȋȖ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȉȣȓȐ șȗțȚȈȕȣ Ȑ ȗȘȐȓȐȗȓȐ Ȓ ȊȐșȒȈȔ ȍȋȖ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈ ȗȖȚțȝȓȐ Ȑ ȊȊȈȓȐȓȐșȤ ȓȖȉ șȔȖȘȡȐȓșȧ ȒȈȒ ț șȚȈȘȐȒȈ ȋț-
ȉȣ ȊȣșȖȝȓȐ Ȑ ȡȍȒȐ ȊȊȈȓȐȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ ț șȒȍȓȍȚȈ
ǹ ȖȚȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȚȠȊȣȘȕțȓ Ȗȕ ȗȘȖȟȤ ȏȍȘȒȈȓȖ
— ȅȚȖ ȖȉȔȈȕ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ, — ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȋȓțȔȧȚșȧ
ȇ ȊșȍȔȖȋțȡȐȑ șțȓȚȈȕ Ȉ ȕȍ ȕȐȡȐȑ Ȋ ȓȖȝȔȖȚȤȧȝ ǹȒȖȘȍȍ Ȋ
ȔȖȦ ȚȘȖȕȕțȦ ȏȈȓț ǫȌȍ ȔȖȐ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘȣ" ǫȌȍ ȔȖȐ ȗȈȓȈȌȐȕȣ
ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȐȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ȖȌȕȖȔț ȔȖȍȔț ȊȏȋȓȧȌț?
ǹȦȌȈ șȦȌȈ ǨȓȓȈȝ ȟȚȖ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ" ǵȐȒȚȖ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȧȊȓȧȍȚ-
șȧ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȕȖȊȖȍ ȟțȌȖ ǺȐȝȖ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȓȈșȤ ȗȖȓȈ
ȗȈȓȈȚȒȐ Ȑ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ȊȖȠȓȈ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ǨȓȐ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕ ȐȏțȔ-
ȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ șȘȍȌȐ ȕȖȟȐ ȊȌȘțȋ ȊȏȖȠȓȖ șȖȓȕȞȍ ǶȕȈ
ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȍȔț Ȝȍȍȑ ȗȖșȓȈȕȕȖȑ ș ȕȍȉȈ
— ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ -- ȍȌȊȈ Ȗȕ ȐȔȍȓ șȐȓț ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȚȤ
— ǨȓȐ ȔȖȑ ǨȓȐ
ǰ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȋȕțȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȗȘȐȗȈȊȠȍȔț Ȓ ȍȍ ȕȖȋȈȔ ǭȍ ȋȖ-
ȓȖș ȗȘȖȏȊțȟȈȓ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȔțȏȣȒȈ ǬȈ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȌȖȉ-
ȘȈȧ ȓȦȉȧȡȈȧ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȊȓȈșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȈ
Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȊșȚȈȚȤ Ȑ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȓȍȋȓȈ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȗȘȐȎȈȊ ȍȋȖ Ȓ
șȊȖȍȑ ȋȘțȌȐ ǶȉȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȈȒ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ǹ
ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ ȋȘțșȚȤȦ ȊȐȌȍȓȈ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕț ȗȘȖȐșȠȍȌȠțȦ
ș ǨȓȐ ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ țȗȘȍȒȈȓȈ Ȉ țȚȍȠȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȑ ȍȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȓȐȓȐșȤ,
ȒȈȒ ȉȈȓȤȏȈȔ, Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȐȏȔțȟȍȕȕȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ
— Ƕ ȒȈȒ ȧ Țȍȉȧ ȐșȒȈȓ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ Ȗȕ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ —
ǴȖȐȔȐ ȔȣșȓȧȔȐ ȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȣȓ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ ȔȖȧ ȓȦȉȐȔȈȧ
— Ǻȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȓȈșȒȈȓ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ
ȋȘțșȚȕȖ, — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ Ȉ ȕȍ Ȋ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ

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— DzȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ" — ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓ Ȗȕ — Ƕ ȧ ȔȕȖȋȖȍ
șȌȍȓȈȓ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȖȍ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȐȓ ǷȖșȓțȠȈȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ǰ Ȗȕ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȑ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ș ȕȐȔ ș ȚȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ
ȒȖȋȌȈ ȥȔȐȘ ǸțșȚȈȕ ȍȍ ȗȖȝȐȚȐȓ Ƕȕ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ șțȓ-
ȚȈȕ ȊȓȈșȚȊțȦȡȐȑ ȕȈȌ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ șȊȖȐȝ ȗȖȌȌȈȕȕȣȝ
Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȒȈȒ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȑ ȗȈȓȈȚȒȍ
— Ƕ, ȔȖȑ ǨȓȐ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓȈ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ, — Țȣ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ
ȉȍȌȕȣȑ ȖȉȔȈȕțȚȣȑ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒ! ǵȖ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ,
Ȑ ȕȐȟȚȖ țȎȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ Țȍȉȍ ȊȘȍȌȐȚȤ
— Ǻȣ ȔȖȑ Ȉȕȋȍȓ-ȝȘȈȕȐȚȍȓȤ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ Ȗȕ.
— ǺȈȒ ȕțȎȕȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȤ Țȍȉȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ — ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȚȊȍȘ-
ȌȖ — Ǻȣ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ țȏȕȈȚȤ ȗȘȈȊȌț ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȣȏȌȖȘȖȊȍȚȤ ǸȈȌȐ
ȕȈȠȍȑ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȊȣșȓțȠȈȑ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȐ ȍșȓȐ ȔȖȐ șȓȖȊȈ
ȉțȌțȚ ȎȍșȚȖȒȐ ȇ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȕȍ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ Țȍȉȧ ȖȗȍȟȈȓȐȚȤ,
ȕȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ Țȍȉȧ șȗȈșȚȐ ǺȊȖȧ țȗȈȊȠȈȧ șȐȓȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȖ-
ȊȐȚȤșȧ ǯȈȉȓțȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȚțȔȈȕȐȓȖ ȚȊȖȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ Țȣ
ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȗȘȖȏȘȍȚȤ ǺȊȖȍ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚțȔȈȕȍȕȖ ȚȊȖȧ ȊȖ-
ȓȧ șȓȖȔȓȍȕȈ Ȑ ȚȊȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȖȌȘȧȉȓȖ Ǻȣ ȚȈȒ ȖșȓȈȉ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȋ
țȔȍȘȍȚȤ Ȑ ȧ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ ȊȖȊȘȍȔȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ Țȍȉȧ șȗȈșȚȐ
ǹ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ șȓțȠȈȓ ȍȍ ǨȓȐ Ȑ ȚȐȝȖ
ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ:
— ǬȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐ Ȕȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ șȍȉȧ Ȋ șȐȓȍ Ȋșȍ Ȋȣș-
ȓțȠȈȚȤ ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȟȚȖ Țȣ șȈȔȈ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ Ȑ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȑ ȖȚ Țȍȉȧ ȕȍ
ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȔȈȕȈ ǬȈȎȍ Ȋ ȚȊȖȍȔ ȋȖȓȖșȍ ȏȊțȟȐȚ
Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ țșȗȖȒȖȍȕȐȍ
— Ǫșȍ ȟȚȖ Țȣ Ȕȕȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ — ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ
— ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȓȖȌ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ǺȊȖȐ ȋȍȘȖȑșȒȐȍ ȌȍȓȈ —
ȐȋȘȈ ȚȊȖȍȑ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȐ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȖȚ ȒțȘȍȕȐȧ ȋȈȠȐ-
ȠȈ ȧȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȚȊȖȦ ȒȘȖȊȤ Ȑ țȕȍș Țȍȉȧ Ȋ ȖȉȓȈșȚȤ
ȋȘȍȏ Ǻȣ ȕȍ ȋȍȘȖȑ Ȑ ȕȍ șțȓȚȈȕ Ǻȣ ȊșȍȔȐ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȣȑ ȉȍȌ-
ȕȣȑ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ
— ǶșȚȈȕȖȊȐșȤ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ǵȍȚ ȕȍȚ Ǻȣ ȏȈȉȓțȎȌȈȍȠȤșȧ
ǺȈȒ ȗȘȈȊȌȐȊȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȕȐȚȤșȧ, — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ǨȓȐ Ȋ ȊȖȓ-
ȕȍȕȐȐ
— ǵȖ ȔȖȑ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȑ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ȚȊȖȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ
— șȗȓȖȠȕȖȑ șȖȕ ȗȖșȓȍ ȕȈȠȍȑ șȊȈȌȤȉȣ ǵȐȟȍȋȖ Țȣ ȕȍ șȌȍ-
ȓȈȓ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȐȓ Ǻȣ ȉȣȓ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȍȕ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȏȍȕ-
ȡȐȕȖȑ Ȑ șȚȘȍȔȐȓșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȓ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȧȔ Ǻȣ ȗȖȋțȉȐȓ șȊȖȍ

ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȑ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȋȐȉ ǹȔȖȚȘȐ ȊȖȚ ȓȍȎȐȚ ȒȈȓȤȧȕ ș ȋȈȠȐ-
ȠȍȔ ǻȎȍ ș ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȋȓȖȚȒȖȔ ȊȌȖȝȕțȓ Țȣ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȍȋȖ ȋțȉȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȗȣȑ ȧȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȍȚ ȘȈȏȘțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȕȍțȔȍȘȍȕ-
ȕȖȍ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȍ ȊȐȕȈ ȏȈȗȘȍȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȔ ȗȘȖȘȖȒȖȔ
— Ǵȍȕȧ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȐȓȈ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȈȧ ǴȈȘȈ ȌȖȟȤ ȆșțȜȈ, —
ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ǨȓȐ — ǺȖȋȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȆșțȜȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȣȓ șȊȍȘ-
Ȏȍȕ ș ȕȍȉȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚ
— ǬȈ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚ — ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȓȈ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ — ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȣ ȖȉȈ
ǶȕȐ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȐȚȍȓȐ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȣ ǺȊȖȍ șȍȘȌȞȍ
ȌȖȉȘȖȍ ȚȊȖȧ ȊȖȓȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȘȍȗȒȈ Țȣ ȗȘȈȊȌȐȊ Ȑ ȟȍșȚȍȕ ȕȖ Țȣ
ȖșȓȈȉȍȓ Ȉ Ȋ șȓȈȉȖșȚȐ ȒȘȖȦȚșȧ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȘȖȒȐ
— ǹȖȕ șȖȕ, ȕȈȊȍȧȕȕȣȑ ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓ ǨȓȐ
— ǩȓȍșȚȧȡȐȑ șȖȕ, — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ
— ǹȖȕ ȉȣȓ ȓȎȐȊȣȑ Ȑ ȖȉȖȓȤșȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȕȖ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȚȈȒ
ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ȚȈȒ ȟțȌȕȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣȑ ǵȖ ȗȘȖȉțȎȌȍȕȐȍ Ȍȓȧ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȍȡȍ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȍȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȈȠȍȓ Țȍȉȧ ȔȖȧ ȕȍ-
ȕȈȋȓȧȌȕȈȧ Ȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȧ ȉțȌț ȚȊȖȐȔ ȊȍȟȕȖ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ș
ȕȍȑ.

176
XIV
— ȅȔȐȘ ǸțșȚȈȕ ȊȣȘȊȈȊ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑȏ ȚȊȖȐȝ ȘțȒ Ȑ ȗȖșȈȌȐȊ ȕȈ
ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ȖȚȊȍȏ Ȋ șȊȖȑ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȏȈȔȖȒ. Ƕ ȒȈȒ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ
ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȖȟțȚȐȚȤșȧ ȊȌȈȓȐ ȖȚ Țȍȉȧ ȔȖȑ ǨȓȐ ȊȖ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ! ȇ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȉȣ țȔȍȘȍȚȤ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȌȍȘ-
ȎȐȊȈȓȈ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȈ șȕȖȊȈ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ țȊȐȌȍȚȤșȧ ȇ ȕȍ ȉȖȧȓȈșȤ ȋȕȍ-
ȊȈ ȥȔȐȘȈ ȕȖ ȍȋȖ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ȕȈȊȖȌȐȓȈ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȚȘȈȝ Ǫșȍ ȔȖȐ
ȔȣșȓȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȣ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ țȉȍȎȈȚȤ Ȑ șȗȈșȚȐșȤ
ȖȚ ȍȋȖ țȎȈșȕȣȝ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȑ ȇ ȉȖȧȓȈșȤ ȕȈșȐȓȐȧ ș ȍȋȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ
Ȑ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȈ ȍȋȖ șȌȍȘȎȈȕȕȖșȚȤȦ Ƕȕ ȕȍ țȕȖ-
ȚȘȍȉȓȧȓ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ șȐȓȣ Ȑ ȖȚȕȖșȐȓșȧ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ
ȗȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ǵȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȧ ȗȖșȚȘȖȐȓȈ șȊȖȑ ȗȓȈȕ
ȇ ȗȘȐȚȊȖȘȐȓȈșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȝȖȚȕȖ șȚȈȕț ȍȋȖ ȎȍȕȖȑ ǶȉȘȈȌȖ-
ȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȥȚȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȖȑ ȊȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȗȕ țșȚȘȖȐȓ ȉȖȋȈȚȣȑ șȊȈȌȍȉ-
ȕȣȑ ȗȐȘ ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȊȐȕȖ ȓȐȓȖșȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȒȘȈȑ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐșțȚ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȊȠȐȍ ȗȍȘȍȗȐȓȐșȤ ȅȔȐȘ ȘȣȟȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȚȐȋȘ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋȍȓ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȕȈ șȊȖȦ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕț ǸȈȉȣȕȐ ȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȘȈȏȌȍȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȉ ȥȔȐȘ Ȋ
ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȐ țȗȈȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȊȘȣ ȅȚȖ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȍ șȗȈșȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ DzȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȧ ȌȘȖȎȈ ȖȚ șȚȣȌȈ Ȑ șȚȘȈȝȈ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȓȈ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ Ȑ Ȗȕ
țȎȍ ȗȘȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȓ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȘțȒȐ ȧ șȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȓȍȎȈȊȠȐȑ ȗȖȌȓȍ
ȒȐȕȎȈȓ Ȑ țȌȈȘȐȓȈ ȍȋȖ ș șȐȓȖȑ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȤ Ƕȕ ȏȈȝȘȐȗȍȓ ȖȗȘȖ-
ȒȐȕțȓșȧ ȕȈȊȏȕȐȟȤ ȊȞȍȗȐȓșȧ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖ șȎȈȚȣȔȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ
ȗȘȈȊȖȑ ȘțȒȐ Ȋ ȗȖȓȖȋ — Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȖȕȟȍȕȖ ȇ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȖȔț Țȍȉȍ
ǩȣșȚȘȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȒȖȕȟȍȕȣ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȓ ȉȍȋșȚȊț Ǫșȍ Ȋ
ȌȖȔȍ șȗȈȓȐ țȗȐȊȠȐșȤ ȊȐȕȈ ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑȏ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȥȔȐȘȈ
șȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȊȠȐȝ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȋȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȉȍȎȈȚȤ Ȑ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕțȚȤ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȈȘȈȉșȒȖȋȖ ȗȓȍȔȍȕȐ ȋȌȍ ȧ ȉȣȓȈ țȎȍ Ȋ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ
ȅȚȖ ȗȓȍȔȧ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȊȖȑȕȍ ș ȐșȗȈȕȞȈȔȐ ȊȖȏȔțȚȐȊȠȐșȤ
ȗȘȖȚȐȊ Ȑȝ ȗȘȐȚȍșȕȍȕȐȑ; ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȧȊȐȓȖșȤ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ țȟȈșȚȊȖ-
ȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȍ ȇ șȍȓȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȕȧ Ȑ ș ȖȘțȎȐȍȔ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ țșȚ-
ȘȍȔȐȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ Ȋ ȘȧȌȈȝ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȊȖȐȕȖȊ ȗȘȍȏȐȘȈȧ ȖȗȈș-
ȕȖșȚȐ Ǵȣ ȗȖȉȍȌȐȓȐ Ȑ ȗȓȍȔȧ ȊȣȉȘȈȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȘȍȌȊȖ-
ȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȐȞȍȑ
ǵȍ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȘȍȟȐ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ, ȒȈȐȌȈ ǴȐȘȈȉȈ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȑ țȔȍȘ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȊȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȈȉȣȓȈ ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖ-

177
ȋȖ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ țȘȖȒȖȊ Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐȕȍșȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ ȗȖȓȤȏț Ȋ
țȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȞȍȓȣȔ ȗȓȍȔȍȕȍȔ
Ǫ ȔȖȍȔ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȝȊȈȚȈȓȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Țȍȉȧ, ȔȖȑ ǨȓȐ
ȔȖȍȋȖ șțȗȘțȋȈ ǴȕȖȋȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȘȖȌȕȣȝ ȔțȎȍȑ ȌȖȉȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȔȖȍȑ
ȘțȒȐ ȕȖ ȧ ȖșȚȈȓȈșȤ Țȍȉȍ ȊȍȘȕȈ. ȇ ȊȣȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȈȊȖ șȈ-
ȔȖȑ ȐȏȉȘȈȚȤ șȍȉȍ șțȗȘțȋȈ Ȑ șȚȈȓȈ ȕȈȊȖȌȐȚȤ șȗȘȈȊȒȐ Ȗ Țȍȉȍ ț
ȒȈȉȐȓȖȊ
Ƕ ȔȖȑ ǨȓȐ ȚȊȖȐ ȕȍ țȊȈȎȈȦȚ Țȍȉȧ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȍȓȧ ȕȐȝ Țȣ ȗȖ-
ȚȍȘȧȕȕȣȑ ǺȊȖȑ ȖȚȍȞ țȔȍȘ Ȑ Țȣ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȉȣ șȚȈȚȤ ȗȖș-
ȓȍ ȕȍȋȖ ȈȔȐȕȖȔ ȕȖ Țȣ ȖșȓȈȉ ȗȘȍȌȈȊȠȐșȤ ȋțȉȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔț
ȗȖȘȖȒț Ǫșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ ȧ șȚȈȓȈ ȐșȒȈȚȤ Țȍȉȧ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȈȠȓȈ ǷȘȐ-
ȌȐ Ȏȍ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ǫșȍ ȍȡȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ Ǻȣ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȚȈ-
ȕȍȠȤ ȚȍȔ ȒȍȔ ȉȣȓ ȒȕȧȏȍȔ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȍȔ Ǻȣ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ
ȗȖȚȍȘȧȕȕȣȑ — ȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ!
ǨȓȐ Ȋ șȓȍȏȈȝ șȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȥȚȐ șȓȍȏȣ ȍȋȖ Ȗȉȓȍȋ-
ȟȐȓȐ Ƕȕ șȖȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȊȖȦ ȊȐȕț șȖȏȕȈȊȈȓ șȊȖȍ ȏȈȉȓțȎ-
ȌȍȕȐȍ Ȑ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖ ȎȍȓȈȓ șȚȈȚȤ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȔ ǨȓȐ
Ƕȕ Ȋȏȧȓ ȍȍ ȘțȒț Ȑ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȍȍ
— Ǻȣ șȌȍȓȈȍȠȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȔ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ, — ȉțȌȤ
Ȏȍ ȌȖȉȘȈ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ƕ ȒȈȒ Țȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȉȘȈȌȖȊȈȓȈ Ȑ ȖșȟȈșȚȓȐȊȐ-
ȓȈ. ǺȈȒ ȊȖȏȤȔȐ Ȏȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȈ ȊșȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȇ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȘȖ-
ȌȐȓșȧ ǰ ȥȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ Țȍȉȍ ȔȖȍȑ șțȗȘțȋȍ ǵȖ ȧ ȕȍ-
ȌȖșȚȖȐȕ Țȍȉȧ Ǻȣ ȋȍȘȖȐȕȧ Ȉ ȧ ȘȈșșȓȈȉȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȓȍȕȚȧȑ Ȑ ȘȈȏ-
ȊȘȈȚȕȐȒ
— ǶȌȕȖ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȊȐȕȣ ȐșȒțȗȈȍȚ ȍȍ — ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ
țȓȣȉȈȧșȤ ȗȘȖȔȖȓȊȐȓȈ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ — ǪȣȏȌȖȘȖȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȚȊȖȍ
ȉȓȐȏȒȖ Ȑ ȖȒȘȍȗȕțȊȠȈȧ ȊȖȓȧ ȌȖȊȍȘȠȐȚ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ
— ǵȖ ȔȖȑ ȋȘȍȝ ȚȈȒ ȊȍȓȐȒ ȧ ȚȈȒ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚ — ȎȈȓȖȊȈȓșȧ
ǨȓȐ
— Ǻȣ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚ ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ Ȋșȍ Ǫșȍ Ȕȣ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȌȍȓȈȍȔ ȕȍ ȚȖ
ȟȚȖ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ǷȖȟȍȔț" Ǵȣ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȍȔ ȥȚȖ ȔȐȘȖȊȈȧ ȚȈȑ-
ȕȈ ǯȕȈȑ ǨȓȐ ȧ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȊȐȕȖȊȈȚȈ țȏȕȈȑ Ȑ ȔȖȦ ȊȐȕț
ǰ ȖȕȈ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȍȔț Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ȒțȗȈȕȤȍ Ȋ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȍ ǪȈȌ
ȥȓȤ DzȍȉȐȘȍ
— ǺȡȍșȓȈȊȐȍ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȓȖ ȔȕȖȦ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ, — ȧ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ
ȉȣȚȤ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȦȕȖȑ ȊȍȟȕȖ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖȑ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ ȕȈ-
ȚțȘȣ ǵȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ ȖȉȖȐȔ ȕȈȔ ȗȘȐȕȍș ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ. ǭșȓȐ
ȉȣ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȈ ȔȖȍȔț ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȦ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ țȊȐȌȈȓ ȉȣ

ȥȔȐȘ ǸțșȚȈȕ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȉȣ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ șȚȘȈșȚȐ Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ
ȔȖȧ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȊȐȕȈ Ȑ ȧ ȗȘȖȠț Țȍȉȧ ȍȍ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚȤ
— Ǻȣ ȊȍȓȐȒȈȧ șȐȓȤȕȈȧ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ — ȔȖȋ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗȕ
ȗȘȖȐȏȕȍșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȖȞȍȓțȑ șȖȍȌȐȕȐȓ Ȑȝ ȋțȉȣ
— ǺȈȒ țȑȌȍȔ Ȏȍ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȑ ȗȘȍȌȈȚȍȓȤșȒȖȑ ȗȈȓȈȚȒȐ ǰȌȍȔ
ǨȓȐ ȖȚșȦȌȈ
Ƕȕ țȎȍ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȋȖȚȖȊȣȑ ȏȈ ȕȍȦ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȊȌȘțȋ ȘȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȋȘȖȔȖȊȖȑ țȌȈȘ ȆșțȜ ș ȖșȒȈȓȐȊ-
Ƞȍȑ ȏțȉȣ ȓȤȊȐȞȍȑ ȧȊȐȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ Ȑ ȏȈȋȖȘȖȌȐȓ ȍȔț ȌȖ-
ȘȖȋț ǺȍȗȍȘȤ Ȗȕ ȧȊȐȓșȧ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ șȊȖȍȔ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊțȦȡȍȔ ȔȖ-
ȋțȡȍșȚȊȍ ȒȈȒ ȊȓȈșȚȐȚȍȓȤ ȕȈȌ ȊșȍȔ ȎȐȊțȡȐȔ Ȋ ȖȉȘȈȏȍ ȒȖ-
șȚȓȧȊȖȑ șȔȍȘȚȐ
— ǵȍȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ Ȗȕ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȒȈȒ
ȉțȌȚȖ ȊȣȝȖȌȧȡȐȔ Ȑȏ ȈȌȈ — Ǻȣ ȔȖȑ ȇ ȒțȗȐȓ Țȍȉȧ ȞȍȕȖȑ
ȖȚȘȈȊȓȧȦȡȍȋȖ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ǸȈȏȊȍ Țȣ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȍȘȍȗȈ ȕȈ ȒȈ-
ȓȤȧȕȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖȌȈȓȈ Țȍȉȍ ǴȈȘȈ" ǺȊȖȑ ȟȈș ȗȘȖȉȐȓ ǹȔȖȚ-
ȘȐ ȧ ȒȖșȕțșȤ Țȍȉȧ ȕȖȋȖȑ — Ȑ Țȣ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȠȤșȧ Ȋ ȗȘȈȝ
ȆșțȜ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕțȓșȧ Ȓ ǨȓȐ Ȑ Ȑșȟȍȏ
Ǫ țȎȈșȍ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ǨȓȐ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊț Ȑ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ƕȕ țȓȣȉȈȓșȧ ȚȖȟȕȖ șȖȉȐȘȈȧșȤ ȏȈ ȕȍȑ
șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ Ȋșȍ țȎȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȖȕȟȍȕȖ
— ǪȣșȚȘȈȌȈȓ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ! — ȗȘȖȠȍȗȚȈȓȈ ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ — Ǭȍ-
ȔȖȐ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈȌ ȚȖȉȖȑ ȊȓȈșȚȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȘȈȦ Țȣ ȕȈȑȌȍȠȤ
ȗȖȒȖȑ ǵȖ Țȣ ȔȖȑ ȊȖȏȓȦȉȓȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȗȖ șȔȍȘȚȐ
ǯȦȓȍȑȒȈ ȖȌȍȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȑ ȚȘȈțȘ Ȑ ȖȚȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȖȚ Ȋșȍȝ
ȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȘȈȌȖșȚȍȑ ǶȕȈ ȗȖșȍȓȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ țȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȖȔ ȌȖȔȍ
ȋȘțșȚȐȓȈ Ȗȉ ǨȓȐ Ȑ ȎȐȓȈ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍȔ Ȗ ȕȍȔ
ǵȖ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȈșȤ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȖȑ ǻ ȕȍȍ ȉȍȏȌȍȚȕȖȑ ȉȣȓȖ
ȔȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȚȍȑ Ȋșȍ ȉȍȌȕȣȍ ȉȖȓȤȕȣȍ Ȑ ȓȐȠȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ ȍȍ ȌȍȚȤȔȐ

Ǯ DZȜșȓțȖȧȓȐ-ǸȡȠȡȕȜȐ
DZǮȆǶȆ
ǾȎȟȟȘȎȕ ȠȡȞȘȓȟȠȎțȤȎ

181
ǷȖșȊȧȡȈȍȚșȧ ǪȓȈȌȐȔȐȘț ǪȈșȐȓȤȍȊȐȟț ǹǺǨǹǶǪǻ
Ǻȣ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ ȓȐȒ ȔȖȑ ȚȖȡ Ȑ ȉȓȍȌȍȕ
ȇ ȕȐȡ Ȑ șȚȈȘ ȧ șȒȖȘȉȤȦ șȢȍȌȍȕ
ȇȉȣȓȐȔȖȓȖȌȐȉȖȋȈȚ—
ȇ ȘȈșȚȖȟȐȓ șȊȖȍ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȖ
ǷȘȖȔȟȈȓȈșȤ ȦȕȖșȚȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȒȘȈȚ
ǪȘȈȋȖȊ ȐȏȊȍȌȈȓ ȧ ȏȓȖȘȈȌșȚȊȖ
ǰ ȓȎȐȊțȦ ȗȍȟȈȓȤ ȌȘțȏȍȑ
ǺȖ ȒȈȏȕȤ ȉȣȓȈ ȔȖȍȑ ȋȖȘȌȣȕȍ
ǻȎ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȎȈȓȤ ȔȐȕțȊȠȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ
ǹ șțȌȤȉȖȦ ȗȘȐȔȐȘȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȣȕȍ
ȇ Ȋ ȗȖȚȍ ȌȘȧȝȓȖȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ
ǺȘțȎțșȤ Ȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȎȌț ȒȖȕȞȈ
ǵȖ ȗȈȔȧȚȍȕ Ȕȕȍ ȌȍȕȤ țȎȈșȕȣȑ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȣȑ
ǶȌȐȕ ȉȍȏ ȒȘȖȊȈ Ȋ ȗȖȏȌȕȐȑ ȟȈș
ȇ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȘȈȏ
ǻȎ ȚȍȕȤȦ ǹȈȔȈȘȒȈȕȌ ȗȖȒȘȣȓșȧ
ǵȈȘȖȌ ș ȉȈȏȈȘȈ ȘȈșȝȖȌȐȓșȧ
ǬȍȘȊȐȠȈ șȔȖȓȒ țȕȣȓȣȑ ȒȘȐȒ
ǯȈȒȘȣȓșȧ ȚȖȘȋ ȒȖȕȟȈȓȐșȤ șȗȖȘȣ«
ǬȖȘȖȌȕȣȑ șȈȘȚ șȍȌȖȑ șȚȈȘȐȒ
ǹ țșȐȓȤȍȔ ȕȈȌȊȐȋȈȓ ȏȈȗȖȘȣ
ǵȈ ȌȊȍȘȐ ȓȈȊȖȟȒȐ ȖȋȖȕȤ
ǩȓȍșȕțȓ Ȋ ȗȖȚȍȔȒȈȝ ȟȍȑ-ȚȖ ȒȖȕȤ
ǷȖȕțȘȧ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȓȍȕȐȊȖ
ǩȘȍȓ ȉȍȏ ȝȖȏȧȐȕȈ ȌȖȔȖȑ
Ǫșȍ țȚȐȝȈȓȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȗȖȘȖȑ
ǷȖ șȖȕȕȖȑ țȓȐȞȍ ȗțȋȓȐȊȖ
ǷȍȘȍȉȍȎȈȚȤ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈ Ȋ ȌȖȔ
ǹȗȍȠȐȓȈ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȈ ȗȖȚȖȔ
DzȈȒ ȔȣȠȤ Ȋ ȚȍȕȐ ȌȊȖȘȈ șȒȘȣȊȈȓȈșȤ —
ǰ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȤȍ ȊȖȌȊȖȘȧȓȖșȤ
ǹȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȑ ȟȈș Ȍȓȧ ȉȖȋȈȟȍȑ

182
ǰȝ ȎȌțȚ ȖȉȢȧȚȤȧ Ȏȍȕ șȚȣȌȓȐȊȣȝ
ǰȓȤ ȗȐȘ Ȋ ȒȘțȋț ȌȘțȏȍȑ ȠțȔȓȐȊȣȝ,
ǷȘȐ ȗȓȧșȒȍ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ ȉȈȚȟȍȑ
ǻȎ ȏȈ șȚȍȕȖȑ ȘȈȏȌȈȓȐșȤ ȒȓȐȒȐ
ǰ ȔțȏȣȒȐ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȑ ȏȊțȒ
ǰ ȗȓȧșȒȐ ȉȣșȚȘȖȑ ȚȖȗȖȚ« ǪȌȘțȋ
ǹȔȧȚȍȕȤȍ ȘȍȊ ȕȍșȍȚșȧ ȌȐȒȐȑ
ǩȈȚȟȈ ȓțȒȈȊȣȑ țȋȖȌȐȓ
ǪȖșȚȖȘȋ șȖȉȘȈȕȤȍ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓ
ǩȍȋțȚ Ȑ ȔȍȟțȚșȧ Ȑ șȚȖȕțȚ«
ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȏȊțȒȐ ȚȖȕțȚ
Ǫ ȕȖȟȕȖȔ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȐ«
dzțȕȈ
ǰȏ-ȏȈ șȈȌȖȊ șȊȖȑ ȓȐȒ ȧȊȓȧȓȈ
ǰ ȋȖȘȖȌ șȖȕȕȣȑ ȖșȊȍȡȈȓȈ
Ǫ Țț ȕȖȟȤ ȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȖȕȈ
ǩȓȍȌȕȈ Ȑ ȏȓȈ dzȦȌȤȔȐ ȏȈȉȣȚȣȑ
Dz șȚȍȕȍ ȗȘȐȎȈȊȠȐșȧ ȕȍȔȖȑ
ǹ ȗȖȕȐȒȠȍȑ ȌȖȓț ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
ǹȚȖȧȓ ȧ ȏȓȖȉȖȑ ȧȌȖȊȐȚȖȑ
ǺȖȔȐȓȈșȧ ȉȖȓȤȕȈȧ ȋȘțȌȤ —
Ǵȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȋȌȍ ȖȚȌȖȝȕțȚȤ
ǰ Ȗ șțȌȤȉȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȑ
Ǫ ȚȐȠȐ ȧ ȗȓȈȒȈȓ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȑ
ǵȖ ȕȐȡȍȔț ȊȕȐȔȈȓ ǨȓȓȈ
Dz ȕȍȔț ȗȍȟȈȓȤ ȔȖȧ ȌȖȠȓȈ
Ƕȕ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖșȓȈȓ ȕȍȎȌȈȕȕȖ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȊȐȎț ȧ — ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ
ǹȚȈȘȐȒ ș ȌȘȖȎȈȡȍȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
ǹȚȖȐȚ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȑ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ
ǴȍȘȞȈȍȚ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑȕȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ
Ƕȟȍȑ ȓțȕȖȦ ȖȏȈȘȍȕȕȣȝ
Ǫ țșȚȈȝ țșȔȍȠȒȖȑ ȐșȒȘȐȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ
ǯțȉȖȊ ȚȍȔȕȍȍȚ ȟȍȘȕȣȑ ȘȧȌ«
ǰ ȏȊțȒȐ ȊȒȘȈȌȟȐȊȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ
ȇ șȓȣȠț Ȋ ȚȐȠȐȕȍ ȕȖȟȕȖȑ
— Ƕ ȟȍȔ Țȣ ȗȓȈȟȍȠȤ" — ȇ ȉȍȏ ȒȘȖȊȈ
— DzȚȖ Țȣ" — ǵȈȒȈȏȈȕȕȣȑ șțȌȤȉȖȑ

183
ǯȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ« — ǻȌȍȘȎȐșȤ ǷȘȐȟȐȕț
Ǵȕȍ ȏȕȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧ
Ǫ ȕȖȟȐ ȚȊȖȑ ȗȓȈȟ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȧ
ǰ ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓ ȚȊȖȦ ȒȘțȟȐȕț
ǹȖȊȍȚȖȔ ȔțȌȘȣȔ ȖȉȓȍȋȟȐȚȤ
— ǶȚșȚȈȕȤ șȚȈȘȐȒ ǺȊȖȍ țȟȈșȚȤȍ
ǵȍ ȕțȎȕȖ Ȕȕȍ ȔȖȍ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȤȍ
ǵȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȐșȞȍȓȐȚȤ
— ǹȔȐȘȐ ȗȖȘȣȊ ȋȖȘȌȣȕȐ ȓȖȎȕȖȑ
ǪȖȚ ȒȖȠȍȓȍȒ ȔȖȑ ȌȈȘ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕȣȑ
ǷȘȐȔȐ Ȑ șȓțȠȈȑ șȘȍȌșȚȊȖ ȍșȚȤ
Ǫ ȗȍȟȈȓȧȝ ȊȍȌȈȚȤ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȤȍ
ǰ ȗȖȏȈȉȣȊ șțȌȤȉȣ ȋȖȕȍȕȤȍ
ǹ ȖȚȘȈȌȖȑ ȉȘȍȔȧ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȍșȚȤ
Ǻȣ ȗȓȈȟȍȠȤ ȕȖ Ȋ ȏȍȔȕȖȑ ȦȌȖȓȐ
ǻȕȣȕȤȧ ȕȐȡȍȚȣ ȏȈȉȖȚ
ǨȓȓȈ șȗȈșȍȕȤȍ ȗȖȌȈȍȚ
ǸȈȉȈȔ ȍȋȖ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȖȓȐ
ǨȓȓȈ ȔȖȋțȟ ǫȈȠȐȠȈ ȌȣȔ
Ǭȓȧ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȕȐȡȐȝ șȖȏȌȈȕ ȐȔ
ǹȒȖȘȍȑ Ȏȍ ȋȖȘȍȔ ȖȚȧȋȟȍȕȕȣȑ
ǰȌȐ Ȋ ȗȘȐȦȚ țȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȑ
ǹȚȘțȦ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕțȦ ȊȌȣȝȈȑ —
ǰ ȚȧȎȍșȚȤ șȒȖȘȉȐ ȉȍȏȣșȝȖȌȕȖȑ
ǹ ȌțȠȐ șȗȈȌȍȚ Ȑ ȊȕȖȊȤ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȑ
Ǻȣ ȕȈ ȏȍȔȓȍ ȗȖȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȘȈȑ
ǹȒȈȏȈȓ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ țȌȈȓȐȓșȧ
ǶșȚȈȊȐȊ ȌȈȘ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ ȔȖȍȑ«
Ǫ ȒȖȜȍȑȕȍ ȖȋȖȕȍȒ șȊȍȚȐȓșȧ —
ȀȈȚȈȧșȧ ȗȖȉȘȍȓ ȧ Ȓ ȕȍȑ
ǪȖȠȍȓ« ǹȘȍȌȤ ȌȣȔȕȖȋȖ ȚțȔȈȕȈ
ǹȐȌȍȓȐ ȓȦȌȐ ȊȒȘțȋ ȒȈȓȤȧȕȈ
DzȚȖ șȈȔ ș șȖȉȖȑ Ȋȍȓ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ
DzȚȖ ȕȈ ȖȋȖȕȤ țșȚȈȊȐȊ ȊȏȖȘ
Ǫ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȖȞȍȗȍȕȍȕȤȐ

184
DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ șȖȏȍȘȞȈȓ ȊȐȌȍȕȤȍ
DzȚȖ ȔȐȘȕȖ ȋȖȓȖȊț șȒȓȖȕȐȊ
ǵȈ ȋȘțȌȤ Ȋ ȌȘȍȔȖȚț ȗȖȋȘțȎȈȓșȧ
DzȚȖ ȗȍȕȤȍȔ șȓȈȌȒȐȔ țȗȐȊȈȓșȧ«
ȇ șȍȓ țȋȘȦȔ Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊ
ǿțȉțȒ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȘțȒȖȦ ȎȈȌȕȖȑ
ǪȌȖȝȕțȓ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȌȣȔ ȖȚȘȈȌȕȣȑ
ǰ ȌȖȎȐȌȈȚȤșȧ șȚȈȓ ǷȖȘȖȑ
ǶȉȢȧȚ ȕȍȊȍȌȖȔȖȑ ȔȍȟȚȖȑ
DzȖȜȍȑȕȐ ȋȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȍ ȌȐȒȖȔ
ǪșȚȈȊȈȓ Ȑ ȝȖȝȖȚȖȔ Ȑ ȒȘȐȒȖȔ
ǪȍȘȚȍȗ țȉȖȋȐȑ ȖȋȓȈȠȈȓ
ǺȖȋȌȈ ȝȖȏȧȐȕ ȗȘȐȉȍȋȈȓ
ǿȚȖȉȣ țȕȧȚȤ ȉȍȏțȔȞȈ ȉȘȈȕȤȦ
ǵȖ ȗȘȍȌȈȕ ȟțȌȕȖȔț ȔȍȟȚȈȕȤȦ
ǶȒȘȍșȚ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
ǹȟȈșȚȓȐȊȍȞ ȗȘȍȏȐȘȈȓ ȍȋȖ
ǵȐȟȚȖȎȕȣȑ ȋȕȍȊ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȓȧș ȗțșȒȈȓșȧ
ǵȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȟțȌȐȓȖșȧ Ȕȕȍ
ǿȚȖ șȈȔ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȔ șȕȍ
ȇ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȔ șȔȍȝȖȔ ȏȈȓȐȊȈȓșȧ
ǬȈ ȋȌȍ Ȏȍ ȋȖȘȍ" — ǫȖȘȧ ȕȍȚ
Ƕ ȟȍȔ ȧ ȗȓȈȒȈȓ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ"
ǵȈ ȟȚȖ șȍȘȌȐȓșȧ șȊȖȍȕȘȈȊȕȖ"
Ǵȕȍ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȕȍȎȕȣȑ ȠȓȍȚ ȗȘȐȊȍȚ
ȇ Ȋșȍ ȏȈȉȣȓ« ȧ Ȋ țȗȖȍȕȤȐ«
ǺȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȑșȒȖȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȤȍ
ȇ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȌȣȔ
ǻȎ ȌțȝȖȔ ȊȓȈșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȔȖȐȔ
ǩȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȎȐȚȍȓȤ șȚȘȈȕ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȝ
ǹțȘȖȊȣȝ ȚȍȔȕȣȝ Ȑ ȉȍșȗȓȖȌȕȣȝ
ǵȍ ȊȍȌȈȓ Țȣ Ȋ șȕȍȋȈȝ șȊȖȐȝ
Ƕ ȟțȌȕȣȝ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȈȝ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ"
ȇ ȘȈșșȒȈȎț Țȍȉȍ Ȗ ȕȐȝ
ǪȖ șȓȈȊț ǩȖȋȈ Ȑ ǷȘȖȘȖȒȈ
ǪȕȍȔȓȐ Ȏ șȓȖȊȈȔ ȔȖȐȔ ȗȘȐȠȓȍȞ

185
ǰ ȊȍȘȤ ȗȘȈȊȌȐȊȖȔț ȘȈșșȒȈȏț
ǯȈ șȓȖȊȖ ȓȎȐ ȗțșȒȈȑ ǺȊȖȘȍȞ
ǷȖȠȓȍȚ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȚȤ ȔȖȦ ȏȈȘȈȏț
ǷțșȚȤ ȐșșțȠȐȚ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒ ȊȖȌ
Ǵȕȍ ȕȈ ȗțȚȐ Ȋ șȚȍȗȧȝ ȋȖȘȦȟȐȝ
ǰ ȖȉȓȈȒȖȔ ȗȍșȒȖȊ ȓȍȚțȟȐȝ
ǴȖȑ ȚȘțȗ ȐșȚȓȍȊȠȐȑ ȏȈȕȍșȍȚ
ǯȈȉȣȊ ȎȐȚȍȑșȒȐȍ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȐ
ǻȕȣȓȣȝ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ ȕȍ ȚȈȧ
ǵȈ ȊȖȑȓȖȒȍ ȗȖȌȎȈȊȠȐ ȕȖȋȐ
ǹȐȎț ȧ Ȋȍșȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȌȐȚȧ
DzțȌȈ ȕȐ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȦ ȊȏȖȘȣ
ǷȖȊșȦȌț ȌȐȊȕȣȍ țȏȖȘȣ
ǰ ȘȈȏȕȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȍ ȒȖȊȘȣ
ǸȖșȒȖȠȕȖȑ ǷȍȘșȐȐ ȌȈȘȣ
ȀȍȓȒȈȔȐ ȠȐȚȣȍ ȝȈȓȈȚȣ
Ǫ șȐȧȕȤȐ ȏȖȓȖȚȈ ȟȈȓȔȣ
ǯȈ ȔȐȋ — Ȑ ȉȓȍȌȕȣ Ȑ ȚȍȔȕȣ
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ — ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȣ Ȑ ȉȖȋȈȚȣ —
ǷȍșȚȘȍȦȚ ȧȘȒȖ ȗȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ
ǰȋȘȐȊȖȑ ȘȈȌțȎȕȖȑ ȒȘȈșȖȑ
Ǩ ȓȦȌȐ ȓȦȌȐ ǵȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȐ
ǶȕȐ ȊȌȘțȋ șȚȈȓȐ ȕȈ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ǯȈȉȈȊȕȣȑ ȊȐȌ DzȈȒȐȍ ȘȖȎȐ
ǺȖ șȖȕȔ ȕȍȊȐȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȏȊȍȘȍȑ
ǶȌȐȕ ȊȍȚȊȐșȚȣȔȐ ȘȖȋȈȔȐ
ǺȖȊȈȘȐȡȈ ȉȖȌȈȍȚ Ȋ ȉȖȒ
ǬȘțȋȖȑ ș ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ
Ǫ ȒȖȊȘȖȊȣȑ șȗȘȧȚȈȊȠȐșȤ ȔȍȠȖȒ
DzȓțȉȖȟȒȖȔ ȗȖ ȗȖȓț ȒȈȚȐȚșȧ
DzȚȖ ȊȣȘȖș ȊȌȘțȋ ȌȖ ȗȖȚȖȓȒȈ
Ǩ ȒȚȖ șȚȈȓ ȔȍȓȤȟȍ ȗȈțȒȈ«
Ǫșȍ ȗȓȧȠȍȚ ȔȍȟȍȚșȧ ȒȘțȎȐȚșȧ —
ǩȣșȚȘȍȑ ȉȣșȚȘȍȑ — Ȑ țȊȓȍȟȍȕ
Ǫ ȚțȔȈȕȍ ȌȐȒȖȋȖ ȊȘȈȡȍȕȤȧ
ǰȏ ȋȓȈȏ ȚȍȘȧȦ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȕȤȧ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȌȈȓȤȕȐȑ șȚȖȕ

186
ǸȈȏȌȈȓșȧ ȏȊȖȕ
ǺȈȒ ȟțȌȍȕ Ȗȕ
ǿȚȖ țȗȖȍȕ
ȇ Ȋ șȓȈȌȒȐȑ șȖȕ
ǰȔ ȗȖȋȘțȎȍȕ
ǰ Ȋșȍ ȒȘțȋȖȔ
ǶȉȢȧȚȖ șȕȖȔ
ǪȕȐȔȈȍȚ Ȋ șțȔȘȈȒȍ ȕȍȔȖȔ
DzȈȒ ȗȖȚȘȧșȈȧ ȕȍȉȖșȒȓȖȕ
ǵȍșȍȚșȧ Ȗȕ
ǺȖȚ ȌȐȊȕȣȑ ȏȊȖȕ
ǯȊȖȕ — Ȑ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȘȈșȒȘȣȓȐșȤ ȏȍȕȐȞȣ
ǯȊȖȕ — Ȑ ȕȈ ȊȖȓȍ ȗȖȌțȓ ȊȍȚȍȘȖȒ
ǯȊȖȕ — ȗȘȖȉțȌȐȓȐșȧ ȗȍȊȟȐȍ ȗȚȐȞȣ
ǨȓȖȑ ȏȈȘȍȑ ȘȈȏȋȖȘȍȓșȧ ȊȖșȚȖȒ
ǹ ȏȊȖȕȖȔ șȓȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȏȊțȒȐ
DzȈȗȓȍȚ ȘȖșȈ ș ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȌȍȘȍȊ
ǪȍȚȊȐ Ȋ ȖȌȍȎȌȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȝ ȓȐșȚȖȊ
ǴȈȕȧȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȝȕȈȚȣȍ ȘțȒȐ
Ǫ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ șȍȕȐ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȣȝ șȈȌȖȊ
ǸȖȗȡțȚ ȚȈȔ ȊȖȌȣ — ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȣȍ ȊȖȌȣ
Dz ȕȐȔ ȗȖȒȐȌȈȧ țȏȖȘȕȣȍ șȊȖȌȣ
ǷȣȠȕȣȝ ȋȈȘȍȔȖȊ ȊȍșȍȓȖȑ ȋțȘȤȉȖȑ
Ǯȍȕȣ ȥȔȐȘȈ ș ȏȈȘȍȑ ȗȘȐȉȍȋȈȦȚ
ǷȍșȕȐ Ȑȝ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȍ șȚȘȈșȚȤ ȘȈșȗȈȓȧȦȚ
ǩțȌȧȚ ȎȍȓȈȕȤȧ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȐ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ«
DzȘȍȗȒȐȍ șȚȍȕȣ ȒȘȈșț Ȑȝ șȒȘȣȊȈȦȚ«
ǵȖ ȒȈȒ ȚȐȋȘȐȞȈ ȕȈ ȋȘȐȊț ȒȖȕȧ
ǩȍȠȍȕȖ ȕȈ șȚȍȕț ȒȐȕțȓșȧ ȧ
ǷȘȣȋȕțȓ — Ȑ ȊȖȚ ȏȈ ȘȍȊȕȐȊȖȑ ȖȋȘȈȌȖȑ
ǮȈȌȕȖ ȌȣȠț ȉȓȈȋȖȊȖȕȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȖȑ
ǹȗȘȧȚȈȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȟȈȡȍ ȒțȌȘȧȊȣȝ ȒțșȚȖȊ
ǮȌț ȧ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȑ ȕȖ Țȍȝ ȋȖȓȖșȖȊ
ǿȚȖ ȌȖȓȍȚȈȓȐ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȏȈ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȤȍ
ǹȔȖȓȒȓȖ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȖ-ȓțȒȈȊȖȍ ȗȍȕȤȍ
Ǫșȍ Ȋ ȕȍȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖ-ȕȈȊȐșȠȐȝ șȈȌȈȝ

187
ǷțșȚȖ« ǵȖ ȟț ǵȍȌȈȓȍȒȖ Ȋ ȒțșȚȈȝ
ǹȓȣȠȐȚșȧ ȠȍȗȖȚ ȗȘȐȏȣȊ ȗȖȚȈȍȕȕȣȑ
©ǹȗȍȠȐ ȔȖȑ ȧȝȖȕȚ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȑ
DzȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ȇ ȏȌȍșȤ ȖȌȕȈ
ǺȘȍȊȖȋȖȑ ȋȘțȌȤ ȔȖȧ ȗȖȓȕȈ
ȇ ȎȈȎȌț ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȑ ȕȖȊȣȝ
ǩȍȏțȔȕȣȝ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ șȚȘȈșȚȍȑ
ȇ țșȒȖȓȤȏȕțȓȈ ȖȚ Ȗȟȍȑ
ȅȔȐȘȈ ȍȊȕțȝȖȊ șțȘȖȊȣȝ
ǿȚȖȉ țȉȍȎȈȚȤ ș ȚȖȉȖȦ Ȋ ȌȈȓȤ
ǻȎȍȓȤ Țȍȉȍ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȎȈȓȤ"
ȇ ȔȖȓȖȌȈ« ȕȍ Ȋ șȐȓȈȝ ȌȖȓȍ
ǻ șȚȈȘȐȒȈ șȒțȟȈȚȤ Ȋ ȕȍȊȖȓȍ
ǪȖȏȤȔȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȓȦȉȐ Ȕȍȕȧ
Ǻȣ șȔȍȓ Ȑ ȔȖȓȖȌ — ȧ ȚȊȖȧª
ǰ ȚȈ ȟȍȑ ȋȖȓȖș șȖȓȖȊȤȐȕȣȑ
Ǵȍȕȧ ȚȈȒ ȟțȌȕȖ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȈȓ
ȇȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ șȚȈȕ ȏȔȍȐȕȣȑ
Dz ȋȘțȌȐ ș ȊȍșȍȓȤȍȔ ȧ ȗȘȐȎȈȓ
Ǵȍȕȧ ȖȚȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȓȐ ȘțȒȐ
©ǩȖȦșȤ« șȚțȗȈȑ«ª ȠȍȗȚȈȓ ȧȏȣȒ
©ǵȍ țȝȖȌȐª ș țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȔțȒȐ
ǴȖȓȐȓ ȖȚȒȐȕțȊȠȐȑșȧ ȓȐȒ
ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȊȏȖȘ șȍȘȌȐȚȖ-ȕȍȎȕȣȑ
ǹȒȊȖȏȤ șȍȚȤ Ȗȗțȡȍȕȕȣȝ ȘȍșȕȐȞ
ǷȣȓȈȓ Ȗȕ șȚȘȈșȚȐȦ ȔȧȚȍȎȕȖȑ
DzȈȒ ȚțȟȈ ȗȖȓȕȈȧ ȏȈȘȕȐȞ
ȇ ȟțȧȓ șȍȘȌȞȈ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȈȕȤȍ
ǺȈȒ ȋȖȓțȉȤ ȉȤȍȚșȧ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ
Ǫ ȒȖȋȚȧȝ ȖȘȓȈ ȍȡȍ ȎȐȊȖȑ
«
ǰ ȎȋȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȓȦȉȊȐ ȌȣȝȈȕȤȍ
DzȈȒ ȊȐȝȘȤ ȗțșȚȣȕȐ Ȋ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȑ ȟȈș
DzȖȋȌȈ ȐȋȘȈȧ Ȑ ȒȘțȎȈșȤ
ǹȈȔțȔ ș ȗȖȓțȌȕȧ ȕȈȓȍȚȈȍȚ
ǰ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕȣ ȏȈȔȍȚȈȍȚ
ǫȖȘȧȟȍȑ ȗȣȓȤȦ«
ǿțȌȕȣȑ șȖȕ

DzȈȒ ȌȣȔ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȑ șȒȘȣȓșȧ Ȗȕ
Ǫ ȊȖȓȕȈȝ ȕȍȎȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȚȤȔȣ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ
ǷȘȐȏȣȊ ȗȘȖȔȟȈȓșȧ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȑ
ǷȘȖȡȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȉȍșȗȖȔȖȡȕȣȑ șȚȖȕ
ǰ șȚȘȈȝ ȗȘȍȌ ȔȍșȚȐȦ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȑ
ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȌțȠț Ȗȉțȧȓ«
ǺȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȘȈȚȒȖȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȤȍ
ǵȖ ȕȍȗȖșȚȐȎȕȖȍ ȔțȟȍȕȤȍ
ȇ Ȋ ȚȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȤȍ ȐșȗȣȚȈȓ
ǺȍȔȕȐȞȣ ȚȍșȕȖȑ ȔȘȈȒ Ȑ ȝȖȓȖȌ
ǺȍȘȏȈȕȤȍ ȗȣȚȒȐ ȎȈȎȌț ȋȖȓȖȌ
ǵȍțȔȖȓȐȔȣȑ ȋȕȍȚ ȖȒȖȊ«
DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ — ȘȖȐ ȒȓȖȗȖȊ *
ǪȢȍȌȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗȓȖȚȤ ȔȖȦ ȏȍȔȓȍȦ
ȇ ȉȣȓ ȏȈșȣȗȈȕ ș ȋȖȓȖȊȖȦ
ȇ ȗȖȋȐȉȈȓ
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȕȈ ȔȐȋ
ǹȘȍȌȐ țȎȈșȕȖȋȖ ȔȍȟȚȈȕȤȧ
ǪȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ ȓțȟ șȖȏȕȈȕȤȧ
Ǫ ȒȖȜȍȑȕȍ ȧ țșȓȣȠȈȓ ȒȘȐȒ
©ǪȧȎȐ ȍȋȖª — Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȤȍ
ȇ ȕȈȊȏȕȐȟȤ ș ȋȘȖȝȖȚȖȔ țȗȈȓ
ǰ ȒȚȖ-ȚȖ ȘțȒȐ Ȕȕȍ șȊȧȏȈȓ —
ǰ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȕȈșȔȍȠȒȐ ȉȘȈȕȤ Ȑ ȗȍȕȤȍ«
ǵȖ șȒȖȘȖ Ȋ ȊȐȝȘȍ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȌțȔ
ǰșȟȍȏ ȏȍȔȓȐ ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȕȣȑ ȠțȔ
ǰ ȟțȦ ȧ — ȒȘȣȓȤȧ ȘȈșȚțȚ ȏȈ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ
ǶȘȓȐȕȣȍ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ ǰ ȚțȟȐ ȒȘțȋȖȔ
ǺȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȠȍȗȟțȚ ȕȍșțȚșȧ ȒȓțȉȈȔȐ«
ǪȌȘțȋ ȔȖȓȕȐȐ ȉȓȍșȒ ȖȋȓțȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȋȘȖȔ«
ǰ ȔȟțșȤ ȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ ȖȉȊȐȚȣȑ ȋȘȖȏȖȦ
dzȦȉțȧșȧ ș ȕȍȉȈ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȑ ȏȍȔȓȍȦ
ǺȈȔ ȓȍȕȚȖȑ șȘȍȉȘȐșȚȖȦ ȊȤȍȚșȧ ȘȍȒȈ
* ɋɪɟɞɧɟɚɡɢɚɬɫɤɢɟ ɞɟɫɩɨɬɵ ɫɚɠɚɸɬ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɡɢɧɞɚɧ — ɬɟɫɧɭɸ
ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɭɸ ɬɟɦɧɢɰɭ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɭɸ ɤɥɨɩɚɦɢ Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɩɪɢɦ ɚɜɬ.).

189
Ǫ ȕȍȑ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȕȍȉȍ ȉȍȋțȚ ȖȉȓȈȒȈ
ǹȒȓȖȕȐȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȉȍȘȍȚ Ȉțȓ ȖȌȐȕȖȒȐȑ
ǯȈȌțȔȟȐȊȖ ȌȣȠȐȚ ȗȘȖȝȓȈȌȖȑ ȊȖȓȕȣ
Ǩ șȗȘȈȊȈ Ȑ șȓȍȊȈ ȗȖ șȚȍȗȐ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȑ
ǷȈșțȚșȧ ȒȐȘȋȐȏșȒȐȝ ȒȖȕȍȑ ȚȈȉțȕȣ-
ǰ ȊȐȎț ȧ Ȋ ȌȣȔȒȍ șȚȍȗȕȖȋȖ ȚțȔȈȕȈ-
ǺȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȌȊȐȎȍȚșȧ ȞȍȗȤ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕȈ
Ǵȕȍ șȓȣȠȐȚșȧ ȠȖȘȖȝ ȗȍșȟȈȕȣȝ ȏȣȉȍȑ
ȀȈȋȈȕȤȍ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȖȊ Ȑ ȘȎȈȕȤȍ ȒȖȕȍȑ
ǾȊȍȚȐșȚȖȑ șȊȍȘȒȈȦȡȍȑ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȦ ȞȍȗȤȦ
ǷȓȣȊțȚ ȐȏȊȐȊȈȧșȤ ȕȈȌ ȎȍȓȚȖȦ șȚȍȗȤȦ
dzȍȕȐȊȖ ȒȖȓȍȉȓȧșȤ ȊȏȘȣȊȈȧ ȗȍșȒȐ
ǰ ȧȘȒȖ ȕȈ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȉȍȓȍȦȚ ȚȦȒȐ
Ǩ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȒȖȕȐ ȒȈȒ ȟȍȘȕȣȍ ȚțȟȐ
ǺȖ ȔȍȌȓȧȚ ȚȖ ȔȟȈȚșȧ ȗȖșȓțȠȕȖ-ȔȖȋțȟȐ
ǪȖȚ ȉȓȐȏȐȚșȧ ȊșȈȌȕȐȒ«
ǶȚȍȞ ȔȖȑ ȖȚȍȞ Ǻȍȉȧ ȧ țȏȕȈȓ
ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȐ ȚȊȖȑ ȗȚȍȕȍȞ
ǬȈȊȕȖ ȖȚ ȋȕȍȏȌȈ ȕȍȗȖȋȖȌȖȑ ȖȚȉȐȚȣȑ
ǺȖȉȖȦ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ țȎȍ ȗȖȏȈȉȣȚȣȑ
ǶȗȧȚȤ ȖȚȣșȒȈȓșȧ« Ǻȍȉȧ Ȗȕ ȏȖȊȍȚ
Dz Țȍȉȍ Ȗȕ ȓȍȚȐȚ« ǵȖ ȉȍșȗȓȖȌȍȕ ȗȖȓȍȚ
ǹȒȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ șȚȍȗȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȔȈȕȈ
ǰ ȕȍȚ țȎ ȊȍȘȉȓȦȌȖȊ ȒȖȕȍȑ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕȈ«
ǩȍȏȓȦȌȕȖ Ȋșȍ șȕȖȊȈ ȊȖȒȘțȋ
ǵȍ ȉȤȦȚșȧ țșȚȈȓȣȍ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ
ǹ țȕȣȕȤȍȔ Ȑ șȚȖȕȖȔ ȉȍșșȐȓȤȧ
ǵȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȧ ȗȈȌȈȦ ȊȌȘțȋ
ǰ șȕȖȊȈ ȖȌȐȕ
ǹȘȍȌȤ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȝ ȘȈȊȕȐȕ
dzȍȎț ȕȈ ȗȍșȒȍ
Ǫ ȉȍȏȔȖȓȊȕȖȑ ȚȖșȒȍ
Ǩ ȝȐȡȕȐȒ șȚȍȗȕȖȑ
ǶȘȍȓ ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ
dzȍȚȈȍȚ ȒȘțȎȐȚ
Ǫ ȋȓȈȏȈ Ȕȕȍ ȋȓȧȌȐȚ —
ǰ șȚȘȈȝȖȔ ȖȉȢȧȚ

190
ȇ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȚȖȚ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ
Ƕȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ș ȕȈșȔȍȠȒȖȦ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȑ
©ǻșȕȐ țșȕȐ ȕȍȌȊȐȎȕȣȔ ȔȍȘȚȊȣȔ șȕȖȔ
ǷțșȚȤ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȓțȟ Ȋ șȚȍȗȐ ȗȣȓȈȍȚ ȏȕȖȑȕȖȑ
ǵȈȒȘȖȦ ȧ Țȍȉȧ șȊȖȐȔ ȒȘȣȓȖȔ
ǯȈȟȍȔ ȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ Ȋ țȔȍ ȗțșȚȣȍ ȋȘȍȏȣ"
ǯȈȟȍȔ ȉȓȍșȚȐȚ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȚȊȖȐȝ șȓȍȏȈ"
ȇ șȢȍȔ ȚȊȖȑ țȔ ȧ ȊȣȗȤȦ ȚȊȖȐ șȓȍȏȣ
ȇ ȊȣȒȓȦȦ ȕȍȕțȎȕȣȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ
ǴȧȚȍȎȕȣȍ ȊȖȓȕțȦȚ șȍȘȌȞȍ șȚȘȈșȚȐ —
ȇ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȖȚȣȡț Ȋ ȋȘțȌȐ ȚȊȖȍȑ
ǰ Ȋȣȕț ȊȖȕ Ȑ ȘȈȏȖȘȊț ȕȈ ȟȈșȚȐ
ǶȕȖ țȔȘȍȚ Ȍȓȧ ȋȖȘȧ Ȑ șȚȘȈșȚȍȑ
ǰ ȏȊȍȘȤ ȗȘȐȌȍȚ ȗȘȖȎȖȘȓȐȊȣȑ Ȑ șȔȍȓȣȑ
ǰ ȝȓȣȕȍȚ ȌȖȎȌȤ Ȑ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȕȈȉȍȎȐȚ
ǵȈȌ ȋȘțȌȖȦ ȒȖșȚȍȑ șțȝȖȑ Ȑ ȉȍȓȖȑ
ǪȕȖȊȤ șȖȓȕȞȈ ȓțȟ Ȋȍșȍȓȣȑ ȏȈȉȓȍșȚȐȚ
ǵȖ Ȑ ȚȖȋȌȈ Țȍȉȧ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȐȕț
ǰ ȌȍȕȤ Ȑ ȕȖȟȤ ȖȘȍȓ șȚȖȘȖȎȍȊȖȑ
ȇ șȚȈȕț ȒȘȐȒȖȔ ȖȋȓȈȠȈȚȤ ȘȈȊȕȐȕț
ǰ ȖȝȘȈȕȧȚȤ ȒȖșȚȍȑ ȚȊȖȐȝ ȗȖȒȖȑª
ȇ ȔȖȓȟȈ ȊȕȐȔȈȓ
ǶȘȍȓ ȗȖȌȓȍȚȈȓ
Ǫșȍ ȉȓȐȎȍ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ«
ǵȖ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȋ ȚȐȠȐȕȍ
ǬȘȖȋȕțȓȈ șȚȍȗȤ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ ȘȖȗȖȚ
ȀțȔ Ȑ ȖȘțȎȐȑ ȉȘȧȞȈȕȤȍ Ȑ ȚȖȗȖȚ
ǪȐȎț ȕȍșțȚșȧ ȒȈȒ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȓȍȋȒȐ
ǪșȈȌȕȐȒȐ« ǪȘȈȋ Ǻȣ ȚȊȖȘȐȠȤ ȓȐ ȔȖȓȐȚȊȣ"
ǹȈȉȓȐ Ȑȝ ȖșȚȘȣ ȒȈȒ ȓȍș ȉțȕȟțȒȐ
ǷȖȌȕȧȚȣ ȊȤȦȚșȧ ȗȘȍȌȊȍșȚȕȐȒȐ ȉȐȚȊȣ
©ǷȖȓȕȖ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ȗȖȒȖȐȚȤșȧ ȊșȚȈȕȤ

191
ǪȍȘȕȖȔț ȓȤ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȚȍȘȧȚȤ ȏȈ ȔȍȟȚȈȔȐ"
ǪȖȚ Țȍȉȍ ȒȖȕȤ Ȑ ȖȘțȎȤȍ ȏȈ ȕȈȔȐ
Ǻȣ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐ ȕȈ ȊȍȓȐȒțȦ ȉȘȈȕȤª.
ǹ ȒȘȈȧ ȏȍȔȓȐ
Ǫ ȏȕȖȑȕȖȑ ȗȣȓȧ
ǯȊțȒ
ǹȚțȒ
ǹȓȣȠȍȕ ȊȌȈȓȐ
ǺȖ ȕȍ ȖȉȔȈȕ
ǩȤȍȚ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕ
ǺȈȔ
Dz ȕȈȔ
ǹ ȏȈȗȈȌȕȣȝ șȚȘȈȕ
ǪȣȠȓȐ ȗȖȓȒȐ
ǩȓȍȡțȚ ȠȚȣȒȐ
Ǫ șȚȘȖȑ
Ǫ ȉȖȑ
ǩȓȐȏȒȐ ȊȘȈȋȐ
ǰ ȒȖȕȐ ș ȊȍșȍȓȤȍȔ ȏȈȘȎȈȓȐ Ȑ Ȋ șȍȟț
ǩȣșȚȘȍȍ ȒȘȣȓȈȚȣȝ ȗȖȋȐȉȍȓȤȕȣȝ șȚȘȍȓ
ǷȖȔȟȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍȊȍȘȕȣȔ ȋȧțȘȈȔ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț«
ǰ șȚȈȓȤ ȏȈșȊȍȘȒȈȓȈ Ȑ ȉȖȑ ȏȈȋțȌȍȓ
ǪȐȝȘȤ ȗȣȓȐ Ȑ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȊȏȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈȌ ȏȍȔȓȍȦ
ǴȍȓȤȒȈȦȚ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȋȖȓȖȊȣ ȗȍșȚȘȖȑ ȚȖȓȗȖȦ
ǫȖȘȧȡȐȍ ȖȟȐ ȐșșȖȝȠȐȍ ȋțȉȣ
ǹȚȘȈȌȈȕȤȍȔ Ȑ ȏȓȖȉȖȦ șȎȈȚȣȍ ȏțȉȣ
Ǫ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȍȘȚȣȍ șȚȘȖȑȕȣȍ șȚȈȕȣ
ǷȘȍȌșȔȍȘȚȕȣȍ ȊȏȖȘȣ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȕȣȍ ȘȈȕȣ«
ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȗȍȘȍȋȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ ȉȍȓȖȔ ȒȖȕȍ
ǵȍȊȍȌȖȔȣȑ ȊȖȐȕ ȕȍșȍȚșȧ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ
ǩȓȍșȚȐȚ ȍȋȖ șȈȉȓȧ ȏȊȍȕȧȚ ȍȋȖ ȠȗȖȘȣ —
ǺȖ ȘțșșȒȐȑ ȚȖ ȊȘȈȋ
ǵȈȠȐ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓȐșȤ ȊȏȖȘȣ«
ǫȘȖȏȧ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȊșȚȈȓ Ȗȕ ȕȈ ȓȍȋȒȖȔ șȍȌȓȍ
ǻȎ ȊȐȎț ȔȖȘȡȐȕȣ ȕȈ șȚȈȘȖȔ ȟȍȓȍ
ǵȈȘȧȌ ȉȖȍȊȖȑ Ȑ ȕȈ ȉȓȧȝȈȝ ȕȈșȍȟȒț
ǰ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ȕȖȏȌȘȐ ȒȖȕȧ Ȑ țȏȌȍȟȒț«
ǴȋȕȖȊȍȕȤȍ — Ȑ ȉȖȑ ȏȈȋȖȘȐȚșȧ ȕȈ șȔȍȘȚȤ

192
ȇ ȌȘȖȋȕțȓ« Ǫȏȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȌȈȓȍȒțȦ ȚȊȍȘȌȤ
ǺȈȔ ș ȗȘȐșȚȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȏȓȖȊȍȡȍ țȕȣȓȣȑ
ǵȈȌ ȉȐȚȊȖȑ ȗȈȘȐȓ ǨȏȘȈȐȓ ȌȓȐȕȕȖȒȘȣȓȣȑ
DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȉȐȚȊȍ ȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȐșȒȈȓ«
ǵȈȠȍȓ — Ȑ șȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ș ȒȖȕȧ ȧ țȗȈȓ
ǰ ȒȖȕȤ ȔȖȑ ȐșȗțȋȈȕ ȊȏȊȐȓșȧ ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ
DzȈȒ ȉțȘȧ ȌȣȠȈ Ȑ ȋȘȍȔȧ Ȋ ȊȣȠȐȕȍ
ǪȏȊȐȓșȧ ȗȖȒȈȟȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ șȒȈȓȖȦ
ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȏȈșȚȣȓ ǰ ȗȖȟțȌȐȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ
ǿȚȖ ȕȍȉȈ ȌȖșȚȐȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȗȕ ȒȖșȔȈȚȖȑ
ǿȚȖ ȉȖȑ ȘȈȏȌȈȊȐȓ Ȗȕ ȟȚȖ ȋȘțȌȤȦ ȗȖȌȢȧȚȖȑ
ǯȈȚȔȐȓ ȓțȟȍȏȈȘȕȖȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ ǪȖȒȘțȋ
Ǫșȍ ȚȍȕȤȦ ȕȖȟȕȖȦ ȗȖȒȘȣȓȖșȧ ȊȌȘțȋ
ǰ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ ȉȓȍșȕțȓȐ Ȑ ȔȍșȧȞ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȑ
ǹȍȘȗȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȋȕțȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȓȈȏțȘȐ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȑ
ǷȖȊȐșȕțȓ ȧȕȚȈȘȕȖȦ ȚțȟȒȖȑ ȖȉȊȐȚ
ǫȓȧȎț — ȚȖ ȕȍ ȒȖȕȤ ȕȈȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ șȚȖȐȚ
ǺȖ ȌȐȒȐȑ țȚȍș ȗȘȐ ȓțȕȍ șȍȘȍȉȘȐșȚȖȑ
ǪȏȌȣȔȈȍȚșȧ ȋȖȘȌȖ șȚȍȕȖȑ ȒȈȔȍȕȐșȚȖȑ
Ƕȕ ȌȘȍȔȓȍȚ« ǵȖ șțȔȘȈȒ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȣȑ ȋțȌȐȚ
ǫțȌȐȚ ȋȖȓȖșȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȓȍșȒȖȔ Ȑ ȘȍȊȖȔ«
Ǫșȍ ȋȘȖȔȟȍ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȟȍ ǰ Ȋ țȎȈșȍ ȕȖȊȖȔ
ȇ ȊșȗȘȧȕțȓ Ȋȏȋȓȧȕțȓ — ȊȍȘȤ Țȣ Ȕȕȍ ȐȓȤ ȕȍ ȊȍȘȤ —
ǵȖ ȞȍȓȖȍ ȔȖȘȍ ȡȍȚȐȕȧșȤ ȒȈȒ ȏȊȍȘȤ
ǶȉȢȍȔȓȧ ȊșȦ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȖȚ ȒȘȈȧ ȌȖ ȒȘȈȧ
ǴȐȓȤȖȕȈȔȐ ȊȖȓȕ Ȑ ȌȣȔȧșȤ Ȑ șȊȍȘȒȈȧ
ǩȍȎȈȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȑșȒȖ ȕȈ ȗȘȐșȚțȗ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ
ȇ ȒȐȕțȓșȧ ș ȊȖȗȓȍȔ Ȓ ȖȚȊȍșȕȖȑ șȚȍȕȍ
ǵȖ ȏȊȍȘȤ-ȖȒȍȈȕ ȕȈȋȖȕȧȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȖȚ
Dz șȒȈȓȍ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȝȓȣȕțȓ șȒȈȓț Ȗȕ ȋȘȣȏȍȚ
ǪȏȔȍȚȈȍȚ Ȑ ȗȍȕț Ȑ ȉȘȣȏȋȐ Ȑ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȤ«
ǬȘȖȎȈȡȍȑ ȘțȒȖȑ țȝȊȈȚȐȊȠȐșȤ ȏȈ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ
ǵȍ Ȋ șȐȓȈȝ ȖȚ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȐ ȋȓȈȏ ȖȚȊȍșȚȐ
ǪȐșȍȓ ȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ ǶȌȍȎȌȣ ȔȖȐ
DzȈȒ ȒȘȣȓȤȧ ȗȖȌșȚȘȍȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȚȐȞȣ ȔȍȚȈȓȐșȤ
Ǵȕȍ ȉȐȓȐ Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȈȓȐ Ȑ ȘȊȈȓȐșȤ«
ǰ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȧ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ ȗȖȌȊȖȌȕȣȝ ȌțȝȖȊ
ǶȕȐ ȊȍșȍȓȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȗțȟȐȕȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖȘȕȖȑ

193
ǵȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȑ ȊȖȓȕȍ ȗȘȣȋȈȓ ȒȈȘȓȐȒ ȗȘȖȊȖȘȕȣȑ
ǩȐȓ Ȋ ȉțȉȕȣ ȒȖȊȍȘȒȈȓșȧ ȕȈ șȚȖ ȓȈȌȖȊ
ǷȓȍȊȈȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȊȣȠȐȕț Ȑ șȔȍȧȓșȧ
ǵȣȘȧȓ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȤ ȧȊȓȧȓșȧ
ǰ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȧ ȋȓțȉȤ ȖȒȍȈȕȈ Ȑ Șȣȉ
ǿȍȠțȑȟȈȚȣȝ ȔȈȓȣȝ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȝ
ǪȍȘȚȓȧȊȣȝ Ȑ ȗȍșȚȘȣȝ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȝ Ȑ ȎȈȌȕȣȝ
ǹȚȈȌȈȔȐ ȉȘȖȌȐȊȠȐȝ șȘȍȌȤ ȗȍȕȐșȚȣȝ ȋȓȣȉ
Ǫșȍ ȊȣȠȍ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍ ȊȏȌȣȔȈȓȐșȤ Țȍ ȋȓȣȉȣ
Ǫșȍ ȉȓȐȎȍ Ȑ ȉȓȐȎȍ ȧȊȓȧȓȐșȤ Ȕȕȍ Șȣȉȣ
ǻȎ ȒȈȘȓȣ șȒȈȟȈ ȕȈ țȗȘțȋȐȝ ȊȖȓȕȈȝ
ǸțȒȈȔȐ șȚȈȘȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȑȔȈȚȤ ȔȖȐ ȕȖȋȐ
dzȐȠȤ ȔȍșȧȞ ȌȈȓȍȒȐȑ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȧ ȚȘȍȊȖȋȐ
Ǫșȍ ȧȘȟȍ Ȑ ȧȘȟȍ ȉȓȐșȚȈȓ Ȋ ȕȍȉȍșȈȝ
ǰ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȔȍȘȞȈȓȐ Ȋ ȓȈȏțȘȐ
ǫȌȍ ȕȍȚ ȕȐ ȔȖȘȍȑ ȕȐ țȚȍșȖȊ ȕȐ ȉțȘȐ
ǰ șȓȣȠȈȓ ȧ șȚȖȕȣ ȗȈȘȖȌȖȊ ȏȍȔȕȣȝ
ǹ ȗȖȓțȌȕȧ ș ȗȖȓȕȖȟȐ ș ȏȈȒȈȚȈ ș ȊȖșȚȖȒȈ —
Ǫșȍ ȋȐȉȓȖ Ȋ ȒȐȗȧȡȐȝ ȗțȟȐȕȈȝ ȔȖȘșȒȐȝ
Ǫșȍ ȏȊȈȓȖ ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ Ǩȓȓț Ȑ ǷȘȖȘȖȒȈ
ǵȖ ȟȍȘȕȈȧ ȚțȟȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȉȍ ȊȏȊȐȓȈșȤ
DzȈȒ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒ ȔȈȝȈȧ ȒȘȈȧȔȐ ȖȌȍȎȌȣ
ǰ șȒȘȣȓȐșȤ ȏȊȍȏȌȣ Ȑ ȔȍșȧȞ ȗȖȋȈș-
ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȧȧ ȐșȒȘȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȑ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȣ
ǰ ȋȘȧȕțȓ ȊȗȖȚȤȔȈȝ ȕȈȌ ȊșȍȓȍȕȕȖȦ ȋȘȖȔ
ǰ ȋȖȓȖș ȗȖȉȍȌȕȣȑ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȔ
©ǪȖȚ șȓȖȊȖ ǴțȌȘȖȋȖ — ǺȖȋȖ
DzȚȖ șȖȚȊȖȘȐȓ ȔȖȘȧ Ȑ șțȠț
ǸȈȉȣ ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȕȣȍ ǿȍȋȖ
ǽȖȚȐȚȍ Ȋȣ" ȇ ȔȐȘ ȘȈȏȘțȠț
ȇ ȕȖȊȣȑ Ȋ ȔȐȋ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȖȏȌȈȔ
ǵȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȖȚȊȍȘȎȍȕȞȣ ǷȘȖȘȖȒȈ
DzȓȧȕțșȤ ȏȘȈȟȒȖȔ ȌȍșȕȖȋȖ ȖȒȈ
ǻȎȍ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȔȍșȚȈ ȊȈȔ
ǵȍ ȕȈȌțȊȈȑȚȍșȤ Ȏȍ ȋȖȘȌȣȕȍȑ
ǶȚȊȍȚȤȚȍ Ȕȕȍ ȋȌȍ ȊȈȠȈ ȔȖȡȤ"
Ǫȣ ȏȘȍȓȐ Țțȟț ȕȈȌ ȗțșȚȣȕȍȑ
ǰ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ — ȥȚȖ ȌȖȎȌȤ

194
dzȎȍȞȣ ǺȖ ȊȐȝȘȤ ȕȍșțȡȐȑ ȒȈȘț
ǫȖȚȖȊȤȚȍșȤ Ȓ ȋȘȖȏȕȖȔț țȌȈȘț
ǬȘȖȎȐȚȍ ȗȈȌȈȑȚȍ ȊȖ ȗȘȈȝ
ǯȈȟȍȔ ȚȈȒ ȐșȒȈȏȐȓȐșȤ ȓȐȒȐ"
ǿȚȖ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȦȚ ȥȚȐ ȒȘȐȒȐ"
ȇ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȦ ȥȚȖ șȚȘȈȝ
ǺȊȖȘȐȊȠȐȝ ȏȓȖ Ȑ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍȕȤȧ
Ǫ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ șțȌȈ Ȑ ȔȡȍȕȤȧ
ǶȕȐ ȕȐȟȚȖ Ȋ ȔȖȐȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ
ȇ ȖșȓȍȗȓȦ Ȑȝ Ȋșȍȝ ȚțȔȈȕȖȔ
ȇ ȏȈȚȖȗȓȦ Ȑȝ ȖȒȍȈȕȖȔ
ȇ ȊșȒȐȗȧȟț ȚȖȚ ȖȒȍȈȕ —
ǶȕȐ ȗȖȋȐȉȕțȚ Ȋ ȔțȒȈȝ ȈȌȈ
ǵȖ ȎȌȍȚ ȊȍȓȐȒȈȧ ȕȈȋȘȈȌȈ
ǺȖȋȖ ȒȚȖ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȟȚȐȓ DzȖȘȈȕª *
ǻȔȖȓȒ — Ȑ ȔȐȘ ȗȖȒȖȓȍȉȈȓșȧ
ǰ Ȋ ȟȍȘȕȖȔ ȊȐȝȘȍ ȧ ȗȖȔȟȈȓșȧ
DzțȌȈ — ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ǷȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ
ǴȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ șȓȐȊȠȐșȤ Ȋ ȘȖȑ ȓȍȚțȟȐȑ
ǶȋȖȕȤ Ȑ ȔȘȈȒ Ȑ ȌȣȔ Ȑ ȚțȟȐ
ǴȍȓȤȒȈȓȐ ș ȌȐȒȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ
ǩȍȏțȔȕȣȔ ȝȖȘȖȔ ȖȋȓțȠȈȧ
ǹȊȐșȚȧ ȠȐȗȧ Ȑ ȏȈȊȣȊȈȧ
DzȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ șȖȕȔȣ ȏȓȣȝ ȌțȝȖȊ
ǹȓȍȚȈȓȐșȤ ș ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ
ǵȈ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȒ ȋȐȉȍȓȐ ȊșȍȓȍȕȕȖȑ
ǵȖ șȕȖȊȈ ȋȘȧȕțȓ ȋȘȖȔ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȑ-
Ǫ ȔȐȋ ȠțȔ șȔȍȕȐȓșȧ ȚȐȠȐȕȖȑ
ǻȔȟȈȓșȧ ȕȖȟȐ ȔȘȈȒ ȉȍșșȐȓȤȕȣȑ
ǸȈȏȓȐȓșȧ șȊȍȚ ȊȖȓȕȖȑ ȖȉȐȓȤȕȖȑ«
ǵȖȋȌȍȎȍȧȐȟȚȖșȖȔȕȖȑ"
ǵȈȌ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȉȍȏȖȉȓȈȟȕȣȑ ȉȍȏȉȘȍȎȕȣȑ
ǵȍȉȍșȕȣȑ șȊȖȌ ȘȈșȒȐȕțȓșȧ Ȋ șȐȧȕȤȐ
ǰ ȘȈȌțȋȐ ȊȍȓȐȒȐȍ ȊȘȈȚȈ
* ɉɨɞɪɚɠɚɧɢɟ Ʉɨɪɚɧɭ

195
ǹȍȔȤȦ ȞȊȍȚȈȔȐ ȧȘȒȖ ȚȘȍȗȍȚȈȓȐ
DzȈȏȈȓȖșȧ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȒȈȔȕȍȑ șȈȔȖȞȊȍȚȕȣȝ
ǵȍȐșȚȖȡȐȔȣȑ ȟȈșȚȣȑ ȓȐȓșȧ ȌȖȎȌȤ
ǪȖȓȠȍȉȕȖ Ȋ șȖȓȕȍȟȕȣȝ ȓțȟȈȝ ȐȋȘȈȧ
ǰ ȗȈȌȈȧ ȕȈ ȉȓȍȡțȡȍȋȖ șȖȓȕȞȈ
ǩȍșȞȍȕȕȣȑ ȖșȓȍȗȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȈȓȔȈȏ
ǰ Ȋ ȘȈȑșȒȐȍ ȊȘȈȚȈ ȊșȚțȗȐȓ ȧ șȔȍȓȖ
ǷȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ Ȋ ȚțȔȈȕȕȖȔ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȤȐ
ǯțȉȟȈȚȣȝ șȚȍȕ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȣȑ țȏȖȘ
ǸȖșȒȖȠȕȣȍ ȌȊȖȘȞȣ Ȑ ȔȐȕȈȘȍȚȣ
ȇȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȍ ȖȉȔȈȕȣ
DzȈȒ ȋȍȕȐȧ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȑ ȔȍȟȚȣ
ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȑȝ ȕȖ Ȓ ȕȐȔ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ
ǶȕȐ ȓȐȠȤ ȊȏȖȘ ȒȘȈșȖȑ șȊȖȍȑ ȓȈșȒȈȓȐ
ǪȖȒȘțȋ Ȕȍȕȧ ȞȊȍȓ ȌȐȊȕȣȑ ȊȍȘȚȖȋȘȈȌ
ǰ ȧ ȊȌȣȝȈȓ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ ȉȓȈȋȖțȝȈȕȤȍ
ǺȖ ȕȍȎȕȖȍ ȚȖ șȚȘȈșȚȕȖȍ ȒȈȒ șȟȈșȚȤȍ
ǪȍșȍȕȕȐȝ ȋȘȍȏ Ȑ ȗȓȈȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈȌȍȎȌ
ǵȈȗȍȊȣ ȗȚȐȞ șȓȐȊȈȧșȧ ș ȎțȘȟȈȕȤȍȔ
dzȍȕȐȊȣȝ ȊȖȓȕ șȚțȌȍȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȚȖȒȈ
Ǵȍȕȧ ȊȓȍȒȓȐ ȗȖȌ șȓȈȌȖșȚȕțȦ șȍȕȤ
ǸȈȏȘȖșȠȍȑșȧ ȕȈȌ ȉȍȘȍȋȖȔ ȖȓȐȊȣ
ǺȈȔ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ Ȋ ȌȘȍȔȖȚȍ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȖȑ
ǹȒȓȖȕȐȚȤșȧ șȖȏȍȘȞȈȧ Ȋȍȟȕȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ
ǰ ȧ ȗȖȠȍȓ Ȑ ȓȍȋ Ȑ ȘȖȑ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȑ
ǹȓȍȚȍȓ ȒȖ Ȕȕȍ Ȍȓȧ șȚȘȈșȚȕȣȝ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȑ
Ǭȓȧ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȕȍȋȐ Ȍȓȧ ȓȦȉȊȐ
ǵȍȏȕȈȦȡȍȑ ȗȍȟȈȓȐ Ȑ ȘȈȏȓțȒȐ
DzȈȒȖȑ ȧȏȣȒ ȐȓȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȏȊțȒȐ
ǰȝ ȊȣȘȈȏȧȚ" ǯȈȒȘȣȊ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȔȖȐ
ȇ ȗȐȓ ȊȐȕȖ ȕȍȉȍșȕȖȋȖ ȊȍșȍȓȤȧ
ǰ Ȋ ȖȉȓȈȒȍ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȝȔȍȓȤȧ
Ǵȕȍ șȓȣȠȈȓȖșȤ ȊȒțȠȈȑ ȊȌȣȝȈȑ ȓȖȊȐ-
Ǫșȍ Ȍȓȧ Țȍȉȧ ȗȓȖȌȣ ȞȊȍȚȣ ȓȖȉȏȈȕȤȧ
ǷȖȒȖȘȕȣȝ ȌȍȊ« ǻȓȣȉȒȐ Ȑȝ Ȗȟȍȑ
ǰȝ ȓȈșȒȐ Ȑȝ ȕȈȗȍȊȣ Ȑȝ ȎȍȓȈȕȤȧ«
Ƕ ȕȍ șȚȘȈȠȐșȤ Ƕȋȕȧ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȐ ȚȊȖȍȑ
ǵȍ țȚȖȓȧȚ ȉȓȈȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȤȧ

196
ǯȌȍșȤ Ȋ șȟȈșȚȤȐ ȕȍȚ ȖȚȘȈȊȣ ȗȘȍșȣȡȍȕȤȧ
DzȈȒ ȕȍȚ ȐȏȔȍȕ ȗȘȐȚȊȖȘșȚȊȈ Ȑ Ȟȍȗȍȑ
ǰ ȧ ȖȚȒȘȣȓ Ȑ ȊȏȖȘȣ Ȑ ȖȉȢȧȚȤȧ
Ǭȓȧ șȟȈșȚȐȧ«
ǵȖ ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ ȥȚȖ" ǵȖȟȤ"
ǬȘȖȎȈȡȐȑ șȊȍȚ ȚȖȓȗȈ ȒȖȜȍȑȕȧ" ǷȘȖȟȤ
ǷȘȖȟȤ ș ȋȓȈȏ ȔȖȐȝ Ȋȣ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȐ ȗȘȖȒȓȧȚȤȧ
ǷȘȖȚȐȊȕȣȑ șȖȘ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȖȑ Ȕȕȍ ȏȍȔȓȐ
DzȈȒ șȔȍȓȐ Ȋȣ ȧȊȐȚȤșȧ" DzȈȒ ȔȖȋȓȐ
Ǫȣ ȏȈșȓȖȕȐȚȤ șȖȉȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ ȘȈȧ"
ǫȈȠȐȠ șȗȈșȐ Ƕ ȌȈȑȚȍ
ǰ șȘȣȊȈȧ
ǪȍȘȍȊȒȐ ș ȘțȒ ȔȖȐȝ Ȑ ȕȖȋ
ǽȖȚȍȓ ȊșȒȖȟȐȚȤ ȧ — Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ
Ǫȏȋȓȧȕțȓ — Ȑ șȚȣȌ ȖȉȢȧȓ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǶȌȍȎȌȈ ȊȍȚȝȈȧ ȔȖȧ
ǩȣȓȈ ȘȈȏȖȌȘȈȕȈ Ȋ ȒȓȖȟȒȐ
ǬȈ ȋȌȍ Ȏ ȟȈȓȔȈ". ȋȌȍ ȉȈȠȔȈȒȐ"
ǫȌȍ ȒȖȠȍȓȍȒ — șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȑ ȌȈȘ"
Ǫșȍ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȝȐȡȍȕȖ ǻȋȈȘ
ǵȈȌ ȘȈșȗȈȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
ǵȖșȐȓșȧ șȔțȚȕȖȦ ȊȖȓȕȖȑ
ǵȖ țȎȈș ȎȐȏȕȐ șȖȏȕȈȓ ȧ
ǰ șȓȍȏ ȗȖȚȖȒȖȔ ȏȈȓȐȓșȧ
ǷȘȐȠȓȍȞ ǹ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȘȖȔȟȈȓȐșȤ ȋȖȌȣ
ǷȖȌȍȕȡȐȒ ȕȐȡȐȑ ȘȈȉ ȓȦȌȍȑ
ǪȓȈȟț ȉȍȏ ȞȍȓȐ ȉȍȏ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ
ȇ ȉȘȍȔȧ ȌȖȓȋȐȝ ȚȧȎȒȐȝ Ȍȕȍȑ
ǷȘȐȊȣȒ ȧ Ȓ ȉȘȈȕȐ Ȑ ȗȘȍȏȘȍȕȤȦ
DzȖȘȔȓȦșȤ ȘȈȉȖȚȖȑ ȒȖȍ-ȒȈȒ
ǵȖ ȓȐȠȤ ș ȕȍȉȍș ȖȚȘȈȌȕȣȑ ȔȘȈȒ
ǵȈ ȏȍȔȓȦ ȗȈȌȈȍȚ Ȑ ȚȍȕȤȦ
DzȈȒ ȘȐȏȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ ȖȉȓȈȟȍȕ
ǩȈȏȈȘ ȊȗȈȌȈȍȚ Ȋ ȔȐȘȕȣȑ șȖȕ
ǯȈȉȣȚȣȑ ȊșȍȔȐ ȋȕțșȕȣȑ ȗȈȘȐȑ

ǯȈȎȈȊ Ȋ ȘțȒȍ ȌȕȍȊȕȖȑ ȌȐȕȈȘȐȑ
ǹȗȍȠț Ȋ ȒȖȜȍȑȕȦ ȧ Ȑ ȚȈȔ
ǬȖ țȚȘȈ ȗȘȍȌȈȦșȤ ȔȍȟȚȈȔ
ǷȖȘȈ Ǻȣ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ șȖȓȕȞȍ șȍȓȖ
ǺȖȔȐȚșȧ Ȍțȝ țșȚȈȓȖ ȚȍȓȖ« ǷȘȐȠȓȍȞ
ǵȍ ȝȖȟȍȠȤ ȓȐ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ
Ǻȣ ȐșȗȣȚȈȚȤ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȟȈȘȣ"
ǷȖȑȌȍȔ« ǹȔȍȍȠȤșȧ" ǩȖȋ ș ȚȖȉȖȑ
ǷȘȖȡȈȑ« ǵȖ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ țȌȈȘȣ
ǹțȌȤȉȣ ȎȍșȚȖȒȖȑ ȕȈ Țȍȉȧ
ǶȉȘțȠȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȚȊȖȧ
ǵȍȎȌȈȕȕȣȔ ȋȖȘȍȔ ȖȔȘȈȟȐȓȈșȤ
ǷȘȐȗȖȔȕȐ ȟȚȖ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ«
ǨȓȓȈ ȔȖȋțȟ ǫȈȠȐȠȈ ȌȣȔ
Ǭȓȧ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȕȐȡȐȝ șȖȏȌȈȕ ȐȔ

ǽ DZțȓȒȖȥ
DZǮȆǶȆ
ǾȎȟȟȘȎȕ ȚȜȓȑȜ ȕțȎȘȜȚȜȑȜ

199
ǴȐȋ ȖȌȐȕ — Ȑ ȕȍȚ ȊȖȓȠȍȉȕȖȑ șȒȈȏȒȐ
ǰ ȌțȠȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȓȕȈ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ«
Ǩ ǼȍȚ
I
ǬȧȌȦ ȔȖȍȋȖ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȈ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȍȊȐȟȈ ǺȖȋȈȍȊȈ șțȡȍșȚ-
ȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧ ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȖȏȘȍȊȈȓ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ
ȘȈȏ ȗȘȐȠȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ Ȋ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȠȍșȚȐȌȍșȧȚȣȝ ȋȖȌȖȊ
ǮȐȓ ȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ț șȊȖȍȑ ȚȍȚȒȐ ȌȊȖȦȘȖȌȕȖȑ șȍșȚȘȣ ǨȓȍȒ-
șȈȕȌȘȈ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȍȊȐȟȈ Ȋ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȍ ǷȘȐȍȝȈȓ Ȗȕ Ȓ ȕȈȔ ȒȈȒ
ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȔȕȦ țȚȘȖȔ ȘȈȏȔȖȚȈȓ Ȋ ȗȘȐȝȖȎȍȑ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ țȏȖȘ-
ȕțȦ ȠȈȓȤ șȓțȎȐȊȠțȦ ȍȔț ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȠȈȘȜȈ Ȑ, ȊșțȕțȊ ȍȍ Ȋ ȉȖ-
ȉȘȖȊțȦ ȠȈȗȒț ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȕȈȔ Ȋ ȏȈȓț ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖ-
ȊȍȒ ȓȍȚ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȐ ȟȍȚȣȘȍȝ ȊȣșȖȒȐȑ șȚȈȚȕȣȑ ȒȘȈșȐȊȣȑ ș
ȊȖȓȕȐșȚȣȔȐ șȊȍȚȓȖ-ȒȈȠȚȈȕȖȊȣȔȐ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔȐ ȏȈȉȘȖȠȍȕȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȏȈ țȠȐ Ȑ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȘțșȖȑ ȉȖȘȖȌȒȖȑ ȖȉȘȈȔȓȧȊȠȍȑ ȍȋȖ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȝțȌȖȡȈȊȖȍ ȓȐȞȖ ȇ ȌȍșȧȚȐȓȍȚȕȐȑ ȔȈȓȤȟȐȒ ȏȈ-
ȕȐȔȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȘȈșȒȘȈșȒȖȑ ȒȈȘȐȒȈȚțȘ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ ȗȖȒ-
ȘȣȊȈȧ ȋțșȚȣȔ șȓȖȍȔ ȋțȔȔȐȋțȚȈ ȓȖȠȈȌȤ ȗȘȐ ȊȝȖȌȍ ȕȍȏȕȈȒȖ-
ȔȖȋȖ ȔțȎȟȐȕȣ ȧ ș țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȘȐȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ș ȔȍșȚȈ Ȑ ȕȍ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȈȎȕȖ șȗȘȖșȐȓ ©ǿȚȖ ȊȈȔ țȋȖȌȕȖ"ª Ƕȕ ȊȔȍșȚȖ ȖȚ-
ȊȍȚȈ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȓ Ȋ ȔȖȍ ȘȐșȖȊȈȕȤȍ Ȑ ȗȖȒȈȟȈȊ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȗȘȖȔȖȓ-
ȊȐȓ ©ǷȈȓȍȊȣȝ ȓȖȠȈȌȍȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȕȍ ȉȣȊȈȍȚª
Ǫ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȖȠȓȈ ȚȍȚȧ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȍȊȐȟ ȗȘȧȔȖ
ȗȖȌȖȠȍȓ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȕȈȏȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȗȖ ȜȈȔȐȓȐȐ Ȑ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ ȍȍ Șț-
Ȓț ǶȕȈ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ ȊșȒȘȐȒȕțȓȈ ȟȔȖȒȕțȓȈ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȓȖȉ ȗȖșȔȖȚ-
ȘȍȓȈ Ȋ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȍȡȍ ȘȈȏ ȟȔȖȒȕțȓȈ Ȑ ș ȔȖȒȘȣȔȐ ȖȚ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ
ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ
— Vous savez, Paul, — c’est mon cousin, et votre oncle!*
Ǵȣ ȗȘȖȚȧȕțȓȐ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȓȐșȤ
ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȟȈșȚȤ ȒȘȈșȒȐ ȖȒȈȏȈȊȠȍȑșȧ ȕȈ ȔȖȍȑ ȡȍȒȍ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȈ
* Ɂɧɚɤɨɦɶɫɹ ɉɚɜɥɢɤ — ɷɬɨɣ ɦɨɣ ɤɭɡɟɧ ɢ ɬɜɨɣ ɞɹɞɹ ɮɪ.). — Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɢ ɞɚ-
ɥɟɟ ɩɪɢɦ ɪɟɞ

200
ȎȍȓȚȍȕȤȒȖȍ ȗȧȚȕȣȠȒȖ ȕȈ ȕȖșț ȌȧȌȐ
— Ǩ Ȕȕȍ ȥȚȐ ȓȦȌȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȌȖȓȖȎȐȓȐ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȚȍȚȧ
țșȈȌȐȊ ȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕ — DzȈȒ ȧ ȘȈȌȈ ȊȈș ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȊȈȠȈ ȉȍȌȕȈȧ
maman, ma pauvre tante* — țȔȍȘȓȈ Ǩȝ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȋȘțșȚȕȖ — Ȑ
ȉȈȚȐșȚȖȊȣȑ ȗȓȈȚȖȟȍȒ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȓ ȚȍȚȐȕȣȔ ȋȓȈȏȒȈȔ — ǹȒȈ-
ȎȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȊȈȠ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚ — Ȋȣ, ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ — ȚțȚ ȖȕȈ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȕȐȏȐȓȈ ȋȖȓȖș
 — ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ, ȊȣȠȓȐ ȖȚȚțȌȈ"
Ƕȕ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ
— ǪȣȠȍȓ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ǩȍșȗȖȘȧȌȒȐ ȒȖȑ-ȒȈȒȐȍ ȗȘȖȐ-
ȏȖȠȓȐ
— Mon Dieu!** — țȎȈșȕțȓȈșȤ ȚȍȚȧ
— ǷȘȐȍȝȈȓ Ȋ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋ — ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȚȤ țȟȐȚȤșȧ
— ǬȈ ȌȈ ȇ șȓȣȠȈȓȈ ȗȘȖ ȊȈȠȐ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ șȗȖșȖȉ-
ȕȖșȚȐ Ǫȣ, ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ, ȕȈ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȑ ȜȈȒțȓȤȚȍȚ«
Ƕȕ ȒȈȟȕțȓ țȚȊȍȘȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
— ǬȈ ȧ șȓȣȠȈȓȈ șȓȣȠȈȓȈ« Ǫȣ ȟȈȑ ȐȓȐ ȒȖȜȍ ȗȤȍȚȍ"
ǷȖȒȈ ȖȕȈ ȏȊȖȕȐȓȈ Ȑ ȖȚȌȈȊȈȓȈ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȐșȓțȋȍ ȧ
ȐșȗȖȌȓȖȉȤȧ ȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ ȌȧȌȦ ȗȖȉȈȓȚȣȊȈȧ ȒȐșȚȖȟȒȖȑ Ȋ ȔțȚ-
ȕȖȑ ȊȖȌȍ șȚȈȒȈȕȈ Ǵȍȕȧ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȈ ȘȈȏȕȐȞȈ
ȓȍȚ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȐȔ Ȑ ȚȍȚȍȑ ǭȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȓȍȚ șȖȘȖȒ ȌȈȎȍ ș
ȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȖȕȈ țȎȍ ȗȧȚȣȑ ȋȖȌ ȊȌȖȊȍȓȈ Ȉ Ȗȕ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȍȡȍ ȦȕȖ-
Ƞȍȑ ǵȈ ȕȍȔ ȉȣȓ șȐȕȍȊȈȚȣȑ șȦȘȚțȟȖȒ Ȑ șȍȘȣȍ ȉȘȦȒȐ ȋȈȓ-
șȚțȒ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȊȧȏȈȕ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ ȕȖ șȈȗȖȋȐ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȊȣȟȐȡȍ-
ȕȣ ȥȚȖ ȧ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ǪȖ Ȋșȍȑ ȍȋȖ ȜȐȋțȘȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ
ȔȐȓȖȋȖ șȐȔȗȈȚȐȟȕȖȋȖ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȘȖȚ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ
șȓȈȋȈȓșȧ Ȋ țȓȣȉȒț Ȉ șȈȔȣȍ ȒȖȕȟȐȒȐ ȉȖȘȖȌȣ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȌȍȘȋȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ǫȖȓȖș ț ȕȍȋȖ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȎȍ ȗȖȌ șȚȈȚȤ ȜȐȋțȘȍ — ȔȧȋȒȐȑ
șȓȍȋȒȈ ȏȊȍȕȧȡȐȑ ȕȈ ȊȍȘȝȕȐȝ ȕȖȚȒȈȝ Ƕȕ șȐȌȍȓ ȗȖȋȓȈȎȐȊȈȧ
ȖȌȕȖȑ ȘțȒȖȑ Ȕȍȝ ȕȈ șȊȖȍȑ ȠȈȗȒȍ Ȑ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓ ȕȈ
Ȕȍȕȧ ©DzȈȒȖȑ Ȗȕ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ — ȌțȔȈȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ Ȑ ȕȈ ȌȧȌȦ-ȚȖ
Ȗȕ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȝȖȎ — ȒȈȒȖȑ Ȗȕ ȌȧȌȧª
Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȚȖȘȖȗȧșȤ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȗȖ șȓțȟȈȦ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌ-
ȒȖȊ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕ Ȋ ȕȍȓȖȊȒȖȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȘȍȒȚȖȘ
ȗȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊț ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȍȔț șȈȔȖȔț țȌȈȓȐȚȤșȧ Ƕȕ ȚȖȕȒȖ
* Ɇɚɬɶ ɦɨɹ ɬɟɬɹ ɮɪ.).
** Ȼɨɠɟ ɦɨɣ ɮɪ.).

201
ȕȈȔȍȒȕțȓ ȟȚȖ ȏȌȍșȤ, Ȋ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȍ, ț ȕȍȋȖ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȍȚȐ ȕȍȚ
ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȝ ȌȖȔȖȊ
— ȇ ȐȔȍȓ țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȍ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȊȈș ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȍȡȍ Ȋ
ȌȍȚșȚȊȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȇ ȉȣȓ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐșȚȖȔ ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ
ȒȓȈșșȈ — Ȋȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȖȍȏȌȖȔ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ ț ȔȖȍȑ ȔȈȚțȠȒȐ«
— ǷȖȔȕȦ Ȋșȍ ȗȖȔȕȦ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȚȍȚțȠȒȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȖ-
ȉȐȘȈȧșȤ ȗȘȖșȓȍȏȐȚȤșȧ ȗȘȐ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȐ Ȗ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȐȞȍ
— ǽȖȚȧ ȕȈȠȍ ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȉȣȓȖ ȒȘȈȚȒȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ —
ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓ ȌȧȌȧ — ȕȖ« ȗȖȏȊȖȓȤȚȍ ȕȈȌȍȧȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȌȊȍȘȐ
ȊȈȠȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȈ ȕȍ ȉțȌțȚ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȚȊȖȘȍȕȣ«
— ǿȚȖ Ȗȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ — Ȋ țȎȈșȍ ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓȈ ȚȍȚȧ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ
ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȊșȗȓȍșȕțȓȈ
— Ǫȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȌȘțȎȕȣ ș ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȑ ȔȈȚțȠȒȖȑ Ȑ«
ǬȧȌȧ ȕȍ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȊ ȟȚȖ ȗȓȈȚȖȒ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȘȐȓȖ-
ȎȐȓșȧ Ȓ ȋȓȈȏȒȈȔ ǿȍȘȍȏ ȔȐȕțȚț ȚȍȚțȠȒȈ ȌȍȘȎȈȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ Ȗȉȍ
ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ
— ǴȖȑ ȌȖȔ — ȊȈȠ ȌȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊȈȔ țȋȖȌȕȖ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȍ țȋȖȌ-
ȕȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉțȌȍȔ ȘȈȌȣ ȊȈș ȊȐȌȍȚȤ
ȇ țȊȍȘȍȕ ȟȚȖ șȓȖȊȈ ȚȍȚțȠȒȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȐșȒȘȍȕȕȐ Ǵȣ ȎȐȓȐ
ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ țȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȝ ț ȕȈș ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȖ Ȑ
șȊȍȎȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȒȈȒ ȌȧȌȧ ȉȣȓ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș ȕȈ-
ȝȖȌȒȖȑ
ǺȈȒȐȔ, ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȓȦȌȐȐ ȏȕȈȒȖȔșȚȊȈ ȉȣ-
ȓȐ șȣȋȘȈȕȣ ǸȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕțȦ Țȍ-
Ȕț Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȒȖșȕțȓșȧ Ȕȍȕȧ
— ǪȍȌȤ Ȋȣ ȚȈȒ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȖ ȘȐșțȍȚȍ — ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȊșȗȖȔ-
ȕȐȓȈ ȚȍȚțȠȒȈ — ǯȈȑȔȐȚȍșȤ, ȗȖȎȈȓțȑșȚȈ, ș ȕȐȔ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȚȈ-
ȓȈȕȚ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȚȈȓȈȕȚ
ǬȧȌȧ ȗȣȚȓȐȊȖ ȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ
— Ǩ ȕț-ȒȈ ȗȖȒȈȎȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȚȈȔ ȔȈȎȍȚȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ
ȇ ȒȖȕȜțȏȓȐȊȖ ȗȖȌȕȍș ȍȔț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ
ȚȖȔț ȕȈȏȈȌ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȕțȦ ȒȖȔȗȖȏȐȞȐȦ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȒȈȒ ș ȒȘȣ-
ȠȐ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȓȐȊȕȧ șȚȍȒȈȓȈ ȊȖȌȈ
— ǯȈȟȍȔ Ȏȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȖ ȒȘȈșȕȖȍ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ Ȗȕ
— ȅȚȖ ȏȈȒȈȚ — ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ ȧ
ǬȧȌȧ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ
Dz ȖȉȍȌț Ȕȣ țȎȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȘțȏȤȧȔȐ Ȑ șȖȠȓȐșȤ ȕȈ Țȣ Ȉ ȗȖ-
șȓȍ ȖȉȍȌȈ ȧ Ȋ ȗȖȘȣȊȍ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈ ȏȈȓȍȏ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȑ

202
ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȐȍ țȊȍȡȈȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȖȒȐȕțȚȤ șȊȖȍȋȖ
ȗȖșȚȈ
II
ǪȍșȤ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȌȧȌȧ ȟȐȚȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ șȚȐȝȐ ȌȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȔȖȧ
ȚȍȚȧ ȉȣȓȈ șȚȘȈȠȕȈȧ ȖȝȖȚȕȐȞȈ ǶȕȈ ȍȡȍ Ȋ ȗȈȕșȐȖȕȍ șȗȐșȣ-
ȊȈȓȈ ȗȖ ȔȍȓȒȖȔț ȚȘȈȕșȗȈȘȈȕȚț ©ǬȍȔȖȕȈª șȠȐȊ ȚȍȚȘȈȌȒț Ȋ
ȖșȤȔțȠȒț ȗȖȟȚȖȊȖȋȖ ȓȐșȚȈ Ȑ ȗȐșȈȓȈ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ©ǬȍȔȖȕȈª
ȊȗȍȘȍȔȍȎȒț ȚȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ण ȚȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȍ ǬȧȌȧ ȏȕȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ
ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ǵȍȒȘȈșȖȊȈ ș ȎȈȘȖȔ ȟȐȚȈȓ ©ǵȈ ǪȖȓȋȍª Ȑ ©ǷȈ-
ȘȈȌȕȣȑ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌª ȉȣȊȠȐȍ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȈȔȣȔȐ șȊȍȎȐȔȐ
ȕȖȊȐȕȒȈȔȐ ȟȐȚȈȓ ȒȖȑ-ȒȈȒȐȍ ȓȐȉȍȘȈȓȤȕȣȍ șȚȐȠȖȕȒȐ ȥȚȖ
ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȖȍ
, ȗȍȟȈȚȈȊȠȐȍșȧ Ȋ ȏȈȋȘȈȕȐȟ-
ȕȣȝ ȖȘȋȈȕȈȝ ȘțșșȒȖȑ ȗȘȍșșȣ — Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȓ ȐȔȐ ȌȖȉȘțȦ ȚȍȚț-
ȠȒț Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȕȍȐșȚȖȊȣȑ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ Ȑȝ ȏȈȗȐ-
șȈȚȤ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ ©ȕȈ ȉțȔȈȎȒțª
DzȖȋȌȈ Ȗȕ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ țȍȝȈȓ ȖȚ ȕȈș ȖșȚȈȊȐȊ ȗȖșȓȍ
șȍȉȧ șȐȕȍȊȈȚȣȑ ȚțȔȈȕ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȖȋȖ ȌȣȔȈ Ȕȣ ș ȚȍȚȍȑ ȘȍȠȐ-
ȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȍȑȠȐȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ
ǩȣȊȈȚȤ Ȗȕ ț ȕȈș ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ Ǵȍȕȧ ȗȘȖșȚȖ
ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȚȤ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȧ ȚȖ Ȑ ȌȍȓȖ ȚȖȘȟȈȓ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈ
ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ ȊȐșȕțȓ ȕȈ Ƞȍȍ ǬȈ Ȑ ȕȍȔțȌȘȍȕȖ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ
ȘȐșȖȊȈȓ ȎȐȌȖȊ ȟȍȘȒȍșȖȊ șȚȈȚșȒȐȝ șȖȊȍȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȚțȘȖȒ ȕȍ-
ȉȣȊȈȓȣȝ ȗȚȐȞ Ȑ Șȣȉ ȟȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȝȖȝȖȚȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈȌȖ
ȉȣȓȖ Ǫ șțȔȍȘȒȈȝ Ȗȕ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȊȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓ Ȕȕȍ ȐșȚȖ-
ȘȐȦ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȒȈȏȒț« ǷȖȘȖȑ ȗȘȐȊȖȏȐȓ Ȗȕ ȒȈȘȚȖȕȈ,
ȗȈȗȒȐ ȒȘȈșȖȒ ȒȓȍȐȓ ȖȋȘȖȔȕțȦ ȒȘȍȗȖșȚȤ ȕȈȌȍȓȣȊȈȓ Ȟȍ-
ȓȣȑ ȓȍȋȐȖȕ ȗȍȘșȐȌșȒȖȋȖ ȊȖȑșȒȈ ș ȒȐȏȣȓ-ȉȈȠȈȔȐ Ȋ ȒȘȈș-
ȕȣȝ ȠȈȘȖȊȈȘȈȝ Ȑ ȌȍȉȍȓȤ-ȉȈȠȈȔȐ Ȋ ȉȍȓȣȝ Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȣȘȍȏȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȒȓȍȐȓȖșȤ ȌȘȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȋȐȉȈȓȖ — Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȖȕȞȖȊ ȖȚ-
ȗȘȈȊȓȧȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȗȍȟȒț ǵȍȔțȌȘȍȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȌțȠȐ ȕȍ ȟȈȧȓ
ǬȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȕȕȍ ș ȚȍȚȍȑ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȊșȍȔ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȐȔ ȏȕȈ-
ȒȖȔȣȔ ȗȘȐȠȍȓșȧ ȗȖ ȕȘȈȊț
ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ șȖȠȍȓșȧ Ȗȕ ș ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ș ǷȍȓȍȍȊȣȔ ȉȣȊ-
ȠȐȔ șȖșȓțȎȐȊȞȍȔ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȖȚȞȈ ȊȖșȚȖȘȎȍȕȕȣȔ, ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ

203
ȍȋȖ ȋȖȌȈ ȗȐșȈȊȠȐȔ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȕȣȍ șȚȐȝȐ ȕȖșȐȊȠȐȔ șȍȌțȦ
ȒȘȈșȐȊțȦ ȉȖȘȖȌț Ȑ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȗȖ ȗȓȍȟȈȔ ȓȍȎȈȊȠȐȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ
ǬȧȌȧ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȍȋȖ ș ȓȍȋȒȐȔ ȉȓȈȋȖȋȖȊȍȕȐȍȔ Ȗȕ ȉȣȓ ȏȕȈȒȖȔ
ș ȍȋȖ șȚȐȝȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȏȖȑ ǶȕȐ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȟȐȚȈȓȐ ȋțȓȧȓȐ ȘȈȏ-
ȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓȐ șȗȖȘȐȓȐ — Ȑ ǷȍȓȍȍȊ ȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȐȝ
șȗȖȘȈȝ ȖȎȐȊȈȍȚ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ ȉȣȓȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȖȋȖ țȕȐ-
ȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ, ȏȈ ȟȈȍȔ ȌȧȌȧ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȗȖ-ȗȍȘșȐȌșȒȐ
— ǬȈ Ȋȣ ȘȈȏȊȍ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȍ ȧȏȣȒȐ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ" — țȌȐȊȐȓșȧ
ǷȍȓȍȍȊ
ǬȧȌȧ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȓ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȎȐȓ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ ș ȗȍȘșȐȧȕȐȕȖȔ-
ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȔ ȕȈ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȊȣșȍȓȐȓȐ ȏȈ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȓȦȉȖȊȕȖȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȟțȚȤ ȓȐ ȕȍ ȊȖȌȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ
ȌȈȓȍȒȖȑ ȖȚȟȐȏȕȍ
— ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ țȎȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȍȚȍ ȧȏȣȒȐ — șȒȈȏȈȓ ǷȍȓȍȍȊ
— ȚȖ ȔȖȑ șȖȊȍȚ — ȗȖșȚțȗȈȚȤ ȕȍ Ȋ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚ«
—ǨȒțȌȈȎȍ"
— ǭșȚȤ Ȋ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȍ ȖȌȕȖ țȟȘȍȎȌȍȕȐȍ« ǭșȓȐ Ȋȣ ȚțȌȈ
ȥȒȏȈȔȍȕ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȐȚȍ — ȊȈȠȈ ȉțȌțȡȕȖșȚȤ țȗȘȖȟȍȕȈ ȋȖȌȈ
ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȘȐ Ȋȣ ȉțȌȍȚȍ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȍȑ ȗȘȐ ȗȖșȖȓȤșȚȊȍ DzȘȖȔȍ
ȚȖȋȖ ȧ ȌȖșȚȈȊȐȓ ȉȣ ȊȈȔ ȝȖȘȖȠțȦ ȗȘȖȚȍȒȞȐȦ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȏȕȈȔȍ-
ȕȐȚȖȋȖ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȈ DzȈșȐȔȖȊȐȟȈ«
ǬȧȌȧ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȘ ȖȚ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈ
— ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ DzȈșȐȔȖȊȐȟ Ǫȣ ș ȕȐȔ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣ"
— ǬȈȎȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȐ« ǽȖȚȐȚȍ, ȧ ȊȈș
ȍȔț ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȦ"
— ǹȌȍȓȈȑȚȍ ȖȌȖȓȎȍȕȐȍ DzȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ"
— ǬȈ ȝȖȚȤ ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ǵȈȚȧȋȐȊȈȑȚȍ ȜȘȈȒ Ȑ ȍȌȍȔ
ǵȈ ȥȚȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȘȍȠȐȓȐ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȊȐȏȐȚ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȈ ȕȍ-
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȜȘȈȒ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȍȡȍ șȠȐȚȤ.
ǬȧȌȧ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȘȈșșȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȚȤ ǷȍȓȍȍȊȈ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ țȟȘȍȎȌȍ-
ȕȐȐ ǶȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȟțȚȤ ȓȐ ȕȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȖȘȐȍȕȚȈȓȐșȚȖȊ ȕȈ-
ȠȐȝ ȏȕȈȍȚ Ȑ șȖ ȊșȍȔȐ ȖȉȍȡȈȓ ȗȖȏȕȈȒȖȔȐȚȤ ȌȧȌȦ
— ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȟțȘ — ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓ Ȗȕ — ȏȈȕȐȔȈȑȚȍșȤ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ,
ȧ ȊȈș ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȘȍȒȖȔȍȕȌțȦ
— ǵȈ ȥȚȖȚ șȟȍȚ ȉțȌȤȚȍ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȣ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȋ ȋȘȧȏȤ ȕȍ țȌȈ-
ȘȐȔ ȧ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȐ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȍ ȧȏȣȒȐ ȗȘȖȝȖ-
ȌȐȓ ȗȖ-ȚțȘȍȞȒȐ Ȑ ȈȘȈȉșȒȐ ȔȈȘȈȒțȦ

204
ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ, ȗțȚȤ ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȕȈȔȍȘȍȊȈȓșȧ ȐȌȚȐ Ȍȧ-
Ȍȧ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȔȍȟȍȕ
III
ǷȍȓȍȍȊ șȘȈȏț ȊȊȍȓ ȌȧȌȦ Ȋ ȚȖȚ ȒȘțȎȖȒ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ Ȗȕ
ȔȍȟȚȈȓ ȍȡȍ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ ǷȘȐȕȧȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȒȘțȎȒȍ ȊȍșȤȔȈ
șȕȐșȝȖȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȈȔ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ DzȈșȐȔȖȊȐȟ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ
ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȊȍșȤ ȗȖȋȘțȎȍȕ Ȋ șȊȖȍ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȍ ©ǩȈȉ Ȑ ȉȈȉȐ-
Ȍȣª ȖȚȕȍșșȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȌȈȘȐȓ ȍȔț șȊȖȦ
ȋȘȈȔȔȈȚȐȒț ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ șȖȘȖȒ ȠȍșȚȖȋȖ ȋȖȌȈ ȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȝȖȘȖ-
ȠțȦ ǬȧȌȧ ȗȘȐȊȍȓ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȌȧ j OLYUH RXYHUW*
ȠȐȓȓȍȘȖȊșȒȐȑ ©DzțȉȖȒª ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȑ ȧȏȣȒ« Ǭȧ-
Ȍȧ țȊȍȘȧȓ ȟȚȖ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ DzȈșȐȔȖȊȐȟ ȗȖȌȈȘȐȓ ȍȔț ȏȈ ȥȚȖ
ȋȖȘȠȖȒ ș ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕȣȔ ȓțȒȖȊȐȟȕȣȔ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȍȔ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ Ȗȕ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ Ȋ ȗȖȌȈȘȖȒ ȚȍȚȍ ǵȖ, ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ, ȓț-
ȒȖȊȐȞȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȒțȗȓȍȕȈ Ȋ ȖȘȈȕȎȍȘȍȍ Ȑ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ DzȈșȐȔȖ-
ȊȐȟ ȉȣȓ ȕȐșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȕȍȑ ȕȍȗȖȊȐȕȍȕ
ǬȧȌȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȎȐȓ ț ȕȈș ȏȈȍȏȎȈȧ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȍȘȍȖȌȍȚȤșȧ ȐȓȐ ȏȈȕȧȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȗȍȠȕȖȑ ȘȈ-
ȉȖȚȖȑ ǵȍȘȍȌȒȖ Ȗȕ ȕȖȟȍȊȈȓ ț ȕȈș ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȔ ȗȘȐ-
ȝȖȌȐȓȖșȤ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȚȤșȧ Ȑȏ ȚȍȈȚȘȈ ȐȓȐ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ SDUWLH GH SODLVLU ** Ȑ ȍȔț ȗȘȍȌșȚȖȧȓȈ ȗȍȘșȗȍȒ-
ȚȐȊȈ șȓțȠȈȚȤ ȊȖȘȒȖȚȕȦ șȖȕȕȣȝ ȌȊȖȘȕȐȒȖȊ ȋȖȘȕȐȟȕȣȝ Ȑ
ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȕȖȑ ȝȖȏȧȑȒȐ ǺȖȋȌȈ ȍȔț șȚȓȈȓȐ ȗȘȖșȚȣȕȐ ȕȈ ȚȘȐȗȖ-
Ȋȣȑ ȌȐȊȈȕ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȋȖ ȔțȎȈ ȚȍȚȐ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȏȈșȣȗȈȓ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȧ Ȋ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚȊȍ ȥȚȐȔ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȔ ȌȈ-
ȘȖȔ ǵȈțȚȘȖ Ȗȕ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȓșȧ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȒȖȋȌȈ, ȗȖ
ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȦ ȕȈȠȍȑ șțȌȖȔȖȑȒȐ ȍȡȍ ȟȍȘȚȐ ȕȈ ȒțȓȈȟȒȈȝ ȕȍ
ȌȘȈȓȐșȤ ǻșȍȊȠȐșȤ ț ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȋȖ ȖȒȕȈ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍȉȘȈșȣȊȈȓșȧ
ȜȘȈȏȈȔȐ ș ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȔȐ ȔȐȔȖ ȌȍȚȤȔȐ ȐșȓȈȔȈ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ ȋȖȘ-
ȓȖ ȊȖȗȐȊȠȐȔȐ ©ȝȈȓȈȚ-ȝȈȓȈȚª Ȑ ȊȚȐȝȖȔȖȓȒț ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȊȠȐ-
ȔȐ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧȡȐȔ ©șȚȈȘȣ ȊȍȡȐ ȗȘȖȌȈȊȈȚȤª ǶȕȐ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ ȒȐ-
* ɋ ɥɢɫɬɚ
** ȼɟɱɟɪɢɧɤɢ

205
ȊȈȓȐ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ ȌȧȌȍ ȖșȒȈȓȐȊȈȓȐ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏțȉȣ ȕȖ ȌȈȎȍ Ȍȍș-
ȕȣ Ȑ, ȗȖȔȈȝȐȊȈȧ ȘțȒȖȑ, ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȓȧȓȐșȤ Ȗ ȍȋȖ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍ ǰȕȣȍ
ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȕȈȘȖȟȕȖ Ȓ ȕȈȔ ȚȈȚȈȘ Ȑȏ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ©ȉȈȟȒțª ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȋșȍ ȗȖ-ȐȝȕȍȔț ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚ
Ǫ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȍ ș ȕȐȔȐ Ȗȕ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒȖȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ Ȑȝ ȧȏȣȒȍ — ȖȕȐ
ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȓȤȏț ȍȔț ȕȍȘȍȌȒȖ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ǷȖȔȕȦ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ
ȘȈȕȕȐȔ țȚȘȖȔ ȏȈȏȊȈȓ Ȗȕ șȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȚȖȓșȚȖȋȖ ȚȈȚȈȘȐȕȈ ș ȎȐȘ-
ȕȣȔȐ șȓȍȏȧȡȐȔȐșȧ ȋȓȈȏȒȈȔȐ Ȓ ȕȈȔ Ȋ ȏȈȓț țșȈȌȐȓ ȕȈ ȌȐ-
ȊȈȕ Ȑ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȧ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȔȍșȚȈ Ȋ DzȖȘȈȕȍ ǬȖȓ-
ȋȖ ȚȣȒȈȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȗȈȓȤȞȈȔȐ Ȋ ȔȈșșȐȊȕțȦ ȒȕȐȋț ȗȐșȈȕȕțȦ șȏȈ-
Ȍț-ȕȈȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȍȘȍȗȓȍȚȍȕȕțȦ Ȋ ȕȍȖȉȣȟȈȑȕțȦ ȒȖȎț Ȑ șȕȈȉȎȍȕ-
ȕțȦ ȟȍȚȣȘȤȔȧ ȘȐșțȕȒȈȔȐ ȈȗȖșȚȖȓȖȊ ȕȈșȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȟȚȖ ȌȧȌȧ țȊȍȘȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȣ șȝȍȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐ
ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ șȗȖȘȡȐȒȐ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȕȧȓȐ ȌȖȒȘȐ-
ȟȈȓȐșȤ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȍȘȍȉțȌȐȓȐ ȗȖșșȖȘȐȓȐșȤ, ȗȖ-ȊȐ-
ȌȐȔȖȔț, șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȖ ȘȈȏȖȠȓȐșȤ ȔȐȘȖȓȦȉȐȊȖ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖ-
ȔȖȒ ȋȘȖȏȕȖȑ ȖȘȌȣ ȗȘȖȌȈȦȡȐȑ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȎȐȓȍȚȒȐ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌȘț-
ȎȍȓȦȉȕȖ ȗȖȎȈȓ ȘțȒț ȉțȌțȡȍȔț ȒȖȕșțȓț Ǩ ȉțȌțȡȐȑ ȒȖȕșțȓ
ȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȖșȔȍȐȊȈȓșȧ șȍȉȍ Ȋ ȉȖȘȖȌț ȉȖȘȔȖȟȈ ȚȈȚȈȘșȒȐȍ șȓȖȊȈ
Ȑ ȏȈȗȐșȣȊȈȧ Ȑȝ ȒȈȓȧȔȖȔ Ȋ ȚȍȚȘȈȌȒț Ȍȓȧ ȟȍȋȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ
șȒȖȘȟȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȒȘȦȟȒȖȔ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȚȍȚȘȈȌȒȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍ-
ȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȓȍȎȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȕȈ șȚȖȓȍ Ȉ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȍ
ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȕȈȠȐ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐ ȊȍșȤȔȈ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȑ
ȊȐȌ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȓȈȝ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȈȘȈȉșȒȐȍ ȗȍȘșȐȌșȒȐȍ ȚțȘȍȞ-
ȒȐȍ ȋȈȏȍȚȣ ș țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȊȐȕȤȍȚȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȕȍ Ȕȍ-
ȕȍȍ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȜȍȓȤȍȚȖȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȖȊȣȔȐ șȚȈȚȤȧȔȐ
ǵȈ ȥȚȈȎȍȘȒȍ ȓȍȎȈȓ DzȖȘȈȕ Ȑ ȘȖșȒȖȠȕȖȍ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȈȘȈȉșȒȐȝ
ȉȈșȍȕ șȊȐȚȒȐ, ȗȐșȈȕȕȣȍ ȏȖȓȖȚȖȔ ȒȈȘȔȐȕȖȔ ȓȈȏțȘȤȦ ǯȕȈ-
ȒȖȔȣȍ ș ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȒȘȦȟȒȐ Ȑ ȏȈȊȐȚțȠȒȐ
ȥȚȐȝ ȋȘȈȔȖȚ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȐȓȐ ȌȧȌȦ ©ȗȘȖȟȍșȚȤª ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ǬȧȌȧ
ȊȈȎȕȖ ȘȈȏȋȐȉȈȓ ȜȖȓȐȈȕȚ Ȑ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓ ȟȐȚȈȚȤ ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚțȦ
ȉȈșȕȦ Ȗȉ ȓȤȊȍ Ȑ ȉȣȒȈȝ ©ǨșȈȌțȕ ǴȈȘȈȚ ȝȈȘȈȌȎȈ Ȉȓȧț șȈț-
ȘȍȑȕȐ«» ǬȈȎȍ ȧ ȏȈȘȈȏȐȓșȧ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȖȔ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȚȊȍȘȌȐȚȤ
ȗȍȘșȐȌșȒȐȑ ȈȓȜȈȊȐȚ ©ȥȓȐȜ ȉȍ ȗȍ Țȍ șȍ ȌȎȐȔ ȟȐȔ ȝȍª«
_____

206
IV
ǴȐȘȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȚȐȝȖ Ȕȣ ȎȐȓȐ Ǵȍȕȧ ȌȧȌȧ Ȓ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȐ
ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȓȧȓ ǭȋȖ ȘȍȗțȚȈȞȐȧ Ȋșȍ țȒȘȍȗȓȧȓȈșȤ ǷȍȓȍȍȊ ȖȌȖȉ-
ȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȟȐȊȈȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ Ȑ ȓȈșȒȖȊȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖșȔȈȚȘȐ-
ȊȈȓ DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȎȐȚȍȑșȒȐȍ ȉțȘȐ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȔȐȘȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȚȐȠȤȧ
ȊȖ ȊȍȒȐ ȊȍȒȖȊ ȕȍ ȒȖșȕțȚșȧ; ȉȣȊȈȦȚ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȗȖȓȖșȣ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ȒȖȋȌȈ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȖ ȘȍȓȤșȈȔ ȒȈȚȐȠȤșȧ ȗȖ ȕȈȔȍȟȍȕȕȖȔț ȗțȚȐ
— ȚȘȍȊȖȋȐ ȊȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ țȚȐȝȈȦȚ ȔȖȘȧ ȖȒȍȈȕȣ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ Ȋ șȚȖ-
ȘȖȕȍ Ȉ ȚțȚ Ȑ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ Ȑ șȏȈȌȐ — ȚȐȠȤ ȋȓȈȌȤ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȚȤ
ǩȖȎȤȧ
ǰ, ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ, ȥȚȈ ȚȐȠȤ Ȑ ȋȓȈȌȤ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȉȣ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈ-
ȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȔ țȋȖȓȒȍ ȒȖȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȊȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȔȕȖȑ ȌȈ ȚȍȚȍȑ ǵȖ ȚțȚ, ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ, ȉȣȓ ȌȧȌȧ — Ȉ Ȋ ȍȋȖ
ȋȖȌȈ ȏȈȚȐȠȤȍ ȕȍ ȓȦȉȧȚ
ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȗȍȘȍȌ ǸȖȎȌȍșȚȊȖȔ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓȈ Ȑȏ ȗȘȖȊȐȕȞȐȐ ȖȚ
șȊȖȍȑ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȞȣ ȋȖșȚȐȊȠȈȧ ț ȕȈș ș ȋȖȌ ȌȖȟȤ
ǷȍȓȍȍȊȈ șȚȘȖȑȕȈȧ ȊȣșȖȒȖȕȤȒȈȧ ȉȓȖȕȌȐȕȒȈ ș ȟȍȘȕȣȔȐ ȋȓț-
ȉȖȒȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȒȈȔȐ Ȑ șȊȍȚȓȖȑ ȋțșȚȖȑ ȒȖșȖȑ ȌȖ ȒȖȓȍȕ ǯȊȈȓȐ
ȍȍ ǴȈȘȤȍȑ ǨȓȍȒșȍȍȊȕȖȑ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȗȘȖșȚț ǴȈȕȍȑ Ȑ ȟȐșȓȐȓȈșȤ
ȖȕȈ ȔȖȍȑ ȕȍȊȍșȚȖȑ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȉȣȓȈ ȓȍȚ ȕȈ ȊȖșȍȔȤ șȚȈȘȠȍ Ȕȍȕȧ
ǹ ȕȍȊȍșȚȖȑ ȥȚȖȑ ȧ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ, ȕȍ ȞȍȘȍȔȖȕȐȓșȧ ȊȖȏȐȓșȧ ȕȈ-
ȗȘȖȗȈȓțȦ Ȑ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ șȚȈȘȠțȦ șȍșȚȘț
ǷȍȘȊȈȧ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈ ȍȍ ș ȌȧȌȍȑ ȊȣȠȓȈ ȕȍȔȕȖȎȒȖ ȥȒșȞȍȕȚȘȐȟ-
ȕȈ ǶȕȈ ȉȘȖșȐȓȈșȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȖȋȖȕȧȚȤ ȧ ȊȓȍȚȍȓ Ȋ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ Ȑ ȒȐ-
ȕțȓșȧ ȏȈ șȗȐȕț ȌȧȌȐ șȐȌȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȌȐȊȈȕȍ ǶȕȈ ȕȍ țȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȊȠȐșȤ ș ȘȈȏȉȍȋȈ ȖȟțȚȐȓȈșȤ ț ȕȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȧȝ ǶȕȈ ȗȍȘȍ-
ȒȖȕȜțȏȐȓȈșȤ ȗȖȒȘȈșȕȍȓȈ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓȈșȤ Ȑ, ȗȘȐȋȓȈȎȐȊȈȧ
ȊȖȓȖșȣ, șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ©DzȈȒȖȑ Țȣ — ȘȈȏȊȍ ȚȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖª ǬȧȌȧ
ȚȖȎȍ ȘȈșȚȍȘȧȓșȧ ȚȖȎȍ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȊșȚȈȓ ș ȌȐȊȈȕȈ
— ȅȚȖ ȔȖȑ ȌȧȌȧ — ȖȚȘȍȒȖȔȍȕȌȖȊȈȓ ȧ ȍȋȖ — ȒȈȒȐȝ Ȗȕ
Ȕȕȍ șȖȓȌȈȚ ȕȈȌȍȓȈȓ — ț ȖȌȕȐȝ ȒȘȈșȕȣȍ ț ȌȘțȋȐȝ — ȉȍ-
ȓȣȍ«
— ǭșȓȐ ȕȍ ȖȠȐȉȈȦșȤ Ȋȣ ȌȖȟȒȈ ǨȓȍȒșȍȧ ǴȐȝȈȑȓȖȊȐȟȈ"
— ȗȍȘȍȉȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȌȧȌȧ — Ǫȣ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȕȈ ȗȈȗȈȠț ȗȖȝȖȎȐ
— ǫȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȗȖȝȖȎȈ ȕȈ ȔȈȚȤ — ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ
ȖȗȘȈȊȓȧȧșȤ ȖȚ șȔțȡȍȕȐȧ ǰ ȗȖȚȖȔ, ȗȖȋȖȌȧ, ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȓȈ

207
— Ǵȕȍ ȊȟȍȘȈ ȗȈȗȈȠȈ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗ ȊȈș«
— ǬțȘȕȖȋȖ ȐȓȐ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȋȖ"
— ǽȖȘȖȠȍȋȖ — ȕȈȐȊȕȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȧȔȖ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȍȔț Ȋ
ȋȓȈȏȈ
— Ǩ ȊȖȚ Ȕȕȍ ȊȈȠ ȗȈȗȈȠȈ ȕȐ ȘȈȏț ȕȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȟȚȖ ț ȕȍȋȖ
ȌȖȟȤ ȚȈȒȈȧ«
— ǬțȘȕȈȧ" — ȗȖȌȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ǴȈȕȧ
ǬȧȌȧ țȓȣȉȕțȓșȧ Ȑ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȕȈȐȊȕȖ ȟȍȔ ȖȕȈ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
©ǵȍȚ ȝȖȘȖȠȈȧª
ǶȕȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȓȍȋȒȈ ȗȖȒȘȈșȕȍȓȈ
— ǷȈȗȈȠȈ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋȣ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȍȚȍșȤ Ȉ Ȗȕ
ȓȦȉȐȚ Țȍȝ ȒȚȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ
ǪȖȠȓȈ ȚȍȚȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘ Ȑ ȗȘȍȒȘȈȚȐȓșȧ ǪȖ ȊȍșȤ
ȊȍȟȍȘ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȕȐ șȓȖȊȈ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȧ
ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȌȧȌȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȍȚ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȋȖ
țȋȓȈ ȏȈ ǴȈȕȍȑ ǵȈ ȓȐȞȍ ȍȋȖ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȕȖȊȖȍ ȕȍ-
ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȍ Ȕȕȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȣȚȈȓșȧ ȊȓȍȏȚȤ Ȓ ȕȍȔț
ȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȕȐ Ȗȕ ȌȖșȈȌȓȐȊȖ ȖȚȖȌȊȐȕțȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȚ șȍȉȧ ȘțȒȖȑ Ȑ
ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ©ǵȍ ȕȈȌȖ — ȕȍȝȖȘȖȠȖª ǴȈȕȧ ȚȖȎȍ ȗȖȘȖȑ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
ȌȣȊȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȚȖȎȍ ȉȣȓȈ șȌȍȘȎȈȕȕȍȍ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ
DzȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȈ șȖȉȘȈȓȈșȤ țȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȕȍȑ ȖȚȍȞ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ
 Ȑ ȕȈȌȍ-
ȓȈ țȎȍ ȠȓȧȗȒț — ȖȕȈ șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ț ȌȧȌȐ, ȗȖȌȈȊȈȧ ȍȔț ȘțȒț
— Ǩ Ȋȣ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȍ ȗȖ-ȗȍȘșȐȌșȒȐ"
— ǬȈ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ
— ȇ ȊȍȌȤ ȚȖȎȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȦ ȕȖ ȗȓȖȝȖ« ǿȍȋȖ Ȋȣ țȌȐȊȓȧȍȚȍșȤ"
ǹȗȘȖșȐȚȍ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ
Ƕȕ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓ ȍȑ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȖȕȈ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓȈ ȌȖȊȖȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȉȖȑȒȖ ǬȧȌȧ ȍȍ ȕȍȔȕȖȎȒȖ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȐȓ
— Ǫȣ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖțȟȐȚȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ȧ ȝȖȟț șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ«
Ƕȕ ȖȉȍȡȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȖȕȐ țȠȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȓȖșȣ ȍȘȖ-
ȠȐȓ ȌȈ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ
V
ǴȈȕȧ șȚȈȓȈ ȉȣȊȈȚȤ ț ȕȈș ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȟȈȡȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ǷȍȘ-

208
șȐȌșȒțȦ ȜȘȈȏȍȖȓȖȋȐȦ ȖȌȖȓȍȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȒȖȘȖ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȋȖ-
ȊȈȘȐȊȈȓȈșȤ ș ȌȧȌȍȑ ȉȍȏ ȚȘțȌȈ ǹȒȖȘȖ ȖȕȐ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ șȊȣȒȓȐșȤ
ȔȍȎ șȖȉȖȑ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȌȧȌȦ ȉȍȏ ǴȈȕȐ Ȑ ǴȈȕȦ ȉȍȏ ȌȧȌȐ
ȉȣȓȖ ȊșȍȔ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȕȍȓȖȊȒȖ ǺȖ Ȗȕ ț ȕȐȝ ȚȖ ȖȕȈ ț ȕȈș Ƕȕ ȗȘȐ
ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ ǶȕȈ ȊȣȠȐȊȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȠȍȘș-
ȚȧȔȐ ȕțȎȕȖ ȍȑ ȞȊȍȚȈ ȗȖȌȖȉȘȈȚȤ ȖȕȈ ȗȖȌȏȖȊȍȚ ȍȋȖ — ȗȘȖ-
șȐȚ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȤ — ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȞȊȍȚ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ
Ƕȕ ȕȐȏȒȖ-ȕȐȏȒȖ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȚșȧ Ȓ țȏȖȘț ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȟțȚȤ șȊȖȍȑ ȡȍ-
ȒȖȑ ȍȍ ȡȍȒȐ ȕȍ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ, Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȉȐȘȈȍȚ ȓȐșȚȒȐ ǵțȎȕȖ
ȍȑ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȏȈȒțȗȐȚȤ Ȋ ǫȖșȚȐȕȖȔ ȌȊȖȘȍ — ȖȗȧȚȤ ȒȚȖ Ȏȍ
ȒȘȖȔȍ ȌȧȌȐ ȍȍ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚ Ȑ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚ ȒțȗȐȚȤ ǭșȓȐ ǴȈȕȧ ȕȍ
ȗȘȐȍȌȍȚ ȗȖȟȍȔț-ȕȐȉțȌȤ — ȏȈȌȍȘȎȐȚ ȍȍ ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȐȓȐ
ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȌȖȘȖȊȐȚșȧ — ȌȧȌȧ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȕȕȣȑ ȝȖȌȐȚ ȚȖ
ȕȈ ȟȈșȣ ȗȖșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȍȚ ȚȖ Ȋ ȖȒȕȖ ǹȧȌȍȚ ȘȐșȖȊȈȚȤ — ȋȖȓȖȊȒȐ
ȊȣȝȖȌȧȚ ȕȈ ǴȈȕȦ ȗȖȝȖȎȐ ǹȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȕȍ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ
— ȋȖȓȖȊȈ ȉȖȓȐȚ ǷȖȔȍȟȍȚșȧ ȗȖȔȍȟȍȚșȧ Ȑȏ țȋȓȈ Ȋ țȋȖȓ șȝȊȈ-
ȚȐȚ Ƞȓȧȗț Ȑ țȉȍȎȐȚ ȉȘȖȌȐȚȤ ȗȖ țȓȐȞȈȔ Ǩ ȍșȓȐ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȏȈȑ-
ȌȍȚ Ȋ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȑ ȟȈș Ȓ ȕȈȔ ȖȕȈ ȕȈȌțȍȚșȧ șȐȌȐȚ ȕȈșțȗȧșȤ Ȑ
ȒȘȖȔȍ ©ȌȈª ȌȈ ©ȕȍȚª, ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ ȕȍ ȌȖȎȌȍȠȤșȧ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ
ȘȈȏ șȓțȟȐȓșȧ ȜȈȒȚ ȍȡȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȊȣȧșȕȐȊȠȐȑ Ȑȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ
Ǵȕȍ ȗȖȌȈȘȐȓ ȖȌȐȕ ȌȈȓȤȕȐȑ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ
ȘȍȌȒțȦ Ȑ ȌȖȘȖȋțȦ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȐȋȘțȠȒț ȗȈȘȖȊȖȏ ȕȈȋȘȍȊȈȊ-
ȠȐȑșȧ șȗȐȘȚȖȔ Ȑ ȉȍȋȈȊȠȐȑ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈȔ ǰȋȘțȠȒȈ ȥȚȈ ȗȘȐ-
ȊȖȌȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȊȖȍȦ ȗȘȍȓȍșȚȤȦ Ȋ ȉȓȈȋȖȋȖȊȍȑȕȣȑ ȚȘȍȗȍȚ ȧ
ȝȘȈȕȐȓ ȍȍ ȒȈȒ ȏȍȕȐȞț ȖȒȈ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȓȖȎȈșȤ șȗȈȚȤ șȚȈȊȐȓ ȍȍ
ȊȖȏȓȍ șȍȉȧ ȕȈ ȕȖȟȕȖȑ șȚȖȓȐȒ ǵȖ ȐȋȘțȠȒȈ ȥȚȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ
ȕȍȊȣȋȖȌȕȈ Ȑ ȗȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȦ ȚȍȚțȠȒȐ ȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ȍșȚȤ,
ȚȖ ȗȐȚȤ ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ, ȕȈ ȕȍȍ ȐșȚȘȍȉȓȧȓȖșȤ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȒȖȓȐ-
ȟȍșȚȊȖ șȗȐȘȚȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ Ȕȕȍ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȜȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȘȐ-
ȒȈȏ ©ǯȈȗțșȒȈȚȤ ȔȈȠȐȕț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐ ȋȖșȚȧȝª ȇ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓșȧ
ȒȈȎȌȣȔ ȗȖșȍȡȍȕȐȍȔ ǴȈȕȐ țȊȍȘȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ ©ȋȖșȚȐª Ȑ ©ȏȈ-
ȗțșȒȈȓ ȔȈȠȐȕțª Ǫșȍ șȈȌȐȓȐșȤ ț ȒȘțȋȓȖȋȖ șȚȖȓȈ Ȑ ȊȖșȝȐȡȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȉȍȋȈȦȡȐȔ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȏȞȍȔ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȔ ȏȈ șȖȉȖȑ
ȔȖȒȘțȦ ȌȖȘȖȎȒț Ȑȏ ȒȈȗȍȓȤ ȖȝȓȈȌȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȗȈȘȈ ǸȈȏțȔȍȍȚ-
șȧ ȊȖșȝȐȡȈȓșȧ ȖȌȐȕ ȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȣȍ ȏȘȐȚȍȓȐ
ȥȚȖȑ ȏȈȉȈȊȣ — ǴȈȕȧ Ȑ ȌȧȌȧ — ȝȖȚȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȗȖ-ȗȍȘ-
șȐȌșȒȐ ȕȖ ȧ ȟțȚȤȍȔ ȌȖȋȈȌȣȊȈȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ ȚȍȔȖȑ Ȑȝ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȔȖȧ ȐȋȘțȠȒȈ

209
ǸȈȏ Ȋșȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȣ dzȖȒȖȔȖȚȐȊ ȕȈ-
ȋȘȍȓșȧ ȕȈȉȘȈȊ ȗȈȘȈ, Ȑ ȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȗȖȓȏ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ǺțȘȈ ȌȊȈ
Ȗȕ șȖȊȍȘȠȈȓ ȉȓȈȋȖȗȖȓțȟȕȖ Ȓ ȊȧȡȍȔț ȔȖȍȔț țȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȐȦ
Ȑ ȊșȚțȗȐȓ țȎȍ Ȋ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȒȘțȋ ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ
țȎȈșȕȖȍ« ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ, șȚȖȓ șȚȖȧȓ ȕȍȘȖȊȕȖ ȞȍȕȚȘ ȖȒȘțȎȕȖșȚȐ
ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓșȧ ȔȖȑ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȏ ȗȖȌȢȍȝȈȓ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȉȓȐȏȒȖ Ȓ ȒȘȈȦ,
șȊȍșȐȓșȧ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȒȖȓȍșȖȔ Ȑ, ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ Ȕȣ țșȗȍȓȐ ȊșȒȘȐȒ-
ȕțȚȤ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ǴȈȕȦ ǹȐȕȐȑ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȊșȗȣȝȕțȊȠȍȋȖ
șȗȐȘȚȈ ȏȔȍȐȓșȧ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȍȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ ȖȋȖȕȤȒȈȔȐ ȏȈȒȈȗȈȓȖ ȕȈ
ȏȍȔȓȦ« ǶȕȈ ȊșȒȖȟȐȓȈ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȖ ȋȓȧȕțȓȈ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ
ȉȍȎȈȚȤ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓȈ Dz șȟȈșȚȤȦ, ȌȧȌȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓșȧ Ȑ șȖȘȊȈȊ
ș șȖșȍȌȕȍȋȖ șȚȖȓȈ ȒȖȊȘȖȊțȦ șȒȈȚȍȘȚȤ ȗȓȖȚȕȖ ȏȈȒțȚȈȓ Ȋșȗȣȝ-
ȕțȊȠȍȍ ȗȓȈȚȤȍ
ȇ șȚȖȧȓ ș ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȔ ȘȚȖȔ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȑ ȥȚȖȑ șȞȍȕȖȑ
ǴȈȕȧ Ȋ ȖȉȔȖȘȖȒȍ ȓȍȎȈȓȈ ȕȈ ȗȖȓț Ȉ Ȋ ȌȊțȝ ȠȈȋȈȝ ȖȚ ȕȍȍ Ȋ
ȌȖȋȖȘȈȦȡȍȑ ȓțȎȍ ȊȈȓȧȓșȧ ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȚȣȑ ȗȈȘȖȊȖȏ ȗȖȘȠȕȐ
ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȐ Ȑ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȣȍ ȒȖȓȍșȈ șȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ-
ȚȖȑ ȊȍȘȚȍȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȝȍ ȉȍȓȣȑ ȗȈȘ ș ȠȐȗȍȕȐȍȔ ȚȖȕȒȖȑ
șȚȘțȑȒȖȑ ȊȣȉȐȊȈȓșȧ ȕȈȘțȎț« ȇ ȕȈȋȕțȓșȧ ȖȉȎȍȋ șȍȉȍ ȗȈ-
ȘȖȔ ȘțȒȐ — Ȑ ȚțȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ șȍȑ-
ȟȈș țȎȈșȕȖȑ ȚȘȈȋȐȟȍșȒȖȑ șȞȍȕȣ
ǺȍȚȐ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖȔȈ ǬȧȌȧ ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȉȓȍȌȕȍȊȠȐȑ
ȏȊȈȓ ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ȗȘȐșȓțȋț ©ǬȖȒȚȖȘȈ — ȒȘȐȟȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȏȈ ȌȖȒ-
ȚȖȘȖȔ șȒȖȘȍȑª ǷȖȚȖȔ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȐȓșȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȓ ȍȍ ȗȍȘȍȕȍș ȕȈ
ȌȐȊȈȕ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓ ȍȑ ȗȖȌ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȗȖȌțȠȒț ȕȈȟȈȓ ȘȈșșȚȍȋȐ-
ȊȈȚȤ ȍȑ ȒȖȘșȍȚ ȗȖȚȖȔ ȖȗȖȔȕȐȓșȧ Ȋȍȓȍȓ ȥȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȋȖȘȕȐȟ-
ȕȖȑ Ȉ șȈȔ șȣșȒȈȊ Ƞȓȧȗț ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ ȊȖȕ ȇ ȗȍȘȍȗțȋȈȕȕȣȑ
ȊșȍȔ șȓțȟȐȊȠȐȔșȧ ȚȖȎȍ ȖȌȍȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȉȍȎȈȓ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȗȖ
ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȍ
VI
— ǬȧȌȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȒțȌȈ Țȣ" — ȘȖȉȒȖ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓ ȧ ȗȖȑȔȈȊ
țȎȍ ȕȈ țȓȐȞȍ ȍȋȖ ȏȈ ȘțȒț Ȑ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȏȈȋȓȧȕțȚȤ ȍȔț Ȋ ȓȐȞȖ
— Dz ȌȖȒȚȖȘț ȌȖȒȚȖȘț — ȒțȌȈ Ȏȍ — ȚȖȘȖȗȓȐȊȖ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ
Ȗȕ — ǭȌȍȔ ȍȌȍȔ

210
Ǵȣ șȍȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȗȖȗȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȐȏȊȖȏȟȐȒȈ ȗȖȓțȟȐȊ-
ȠȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȊȖȗȘȖș — ȒțȌȈ ȍȝȈȚȤ — ȖȚȊȍȚ ȌȧȌȐ ©ǷȘȧȔȖ Ȑ ȊȖ
ȊȍșȤ Ȍțȝª — Ȑ ȗȖȔȟȈȓȐșȤ ǻ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌȈ ȌȧȌȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ
ȕȈ ȝȖȌț ȊȣșȒȖȟȐȓ ș ȌȘȖȎȍȒ Ȑ, ȗȘȖȉȍȎȈȊ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȚțȗȍȕȍȒ
ȒȊȍȘȝț ȘȊȈȕțȓ ȔȍȌȕȣȑ ȒȖȓȖȒȖȓȤȟȐȒ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ ȘȈȒȖȊȐȕȣ ȖȚ-
ȟȈȧȕȕȖ ȏȈȋȖȓȖșȐȊȠȐȑ ȏȈ ȌȊȍȘȤȦ ǷȖȟȚȐ ȚȖȚȟȈș ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓ-
șȧ șȚțȒ ȠȈȋȖȊ Ȑ ȗȘȐȗȓȦșȕțȚȈȧ ȔȖȘȌȖȟȒȈ ș ȉȖȘȖȌȈȊȒȖȑ ȕȈ
ȗȖȌȉȖȘȖȌȒȍ ȊȣșțȕțȓȈșȤ ȕȈȔ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț
— ǵȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȚ — ȗȘȖȋȕțșȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ ȕȈ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȌȧȌȐ Ȉ
Ȗȕ ȖȚȚȍșȕȐȊ ȍȍ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȒȈȒ ȉȣȓ Ȋ ȗȈȓȤȚȖ Ȑ ȠȈȗȒȍ ȕȍ
ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȚȘȍȝ ȏȈȓȐȊȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȔȖșȍȒ ȘȐȕțȓșȧ
ȟȍȘȍȏ ȏȈȓț Ȑ șȚȖȓȖȊțȦ ȕȈ ȌȖȕȖșȐȊȠȐȑșȧ ȐȏȌȈȓȐ ȋȖȓȖș ȇ ȍȌ-
ȊȈ ȗȖșȗȍȊȈȓ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȝȓȦȗȈȧ ȋȘȧȏȕȣȔȐ ȒȖȓȖȠȈȔȐ ȗȖ ȗȈȘ-
ȒȍȚț Ǵȣ ȘȈȏȓȍȚȍȓȐșȤ ȗȘȧȔȖ Ȋ ȌȖȒȚȖȘșȒȐȑ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚ Ȑ ȚȘțȌ-
ȕȖ ȖȗȐșȈȚȤ ȚȖȚ ȋȈȔ Ȑ ȝȈȖș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉȣȓ Ȋȕȍșȍȕ ȕȈȠȐȔ ȗȖ-
ȧȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ Ǫșȍ ȒȘȐȟȈȓȐ ȊȖȗȐȓȐ ȋȘȖȏȐȓȐ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȍȑ Ȑ ȒȖȕ-
ȟȐȓȖșȤ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȌȧȌȧ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȗȖȌ țȋȘȖȏȖȑ șȍȑȟȈș ȍȝȈȚȤ Ȓ
șȈȔȣȔ ȊȣșȖȒȖȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȖșȖȉȈȔ ȍșȓȐ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ ȝȖȚȤ ȔȐ-
ȕțȚț ȍȡȍ ȗȘȖȔȍȌȓȐȚ ȕȈșȐȓȤȕȖ ȊȣȚȈȡȐȓ ȍȋȖ Ȑȏ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȣ
ȗȖșȈȌȐȓ Ȋ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȒț ȒȘȍȗȒȖ Ȗȉȕȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȘțȒȖȑ Ȉ Ȕȕȍ ȒȘȐȒ-
ȕțȓ ©Ǻȣ ȌȖȘȖȋț ȏȕȈȍȠȤ — ȐȌȐ ȌȖȔȖȑª — Ȑ ȗȖȔȟȈȓșȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ
șȓȖȔȧ ȋȖȓȖȊț
DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȌȖȔȖȑ ȚȍȚȧ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȌȖȒȚȖȘȖȔ ȝȓȖȗȖ-
ȚȈȓȐ ȖȒȖȓȖ ǴȈȕȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ, Ȓ șȟȈșȚȤȦ, ȖȎȖȋȖȊ ȕȍ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȈ
Ȑ ȉȣȓȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȍȘȍȗțȋȈȕȈ ǬȖȒȚȖȘ ȗȖșȖȊȍȚȖȊȈȓ ȍȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȤ
țșȗȖȒȖȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȒȈȗȍȓȤ ȊȣȚȍȘ șȍȉȍ ȕȖș ȗȓȈȚȒȖȔ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖ-
ȘȖȋȖ ȗȈȝȓȖ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȋȖȘȤȒȐȔ ȔȐȕȌȈȓȍȔ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȗȓȍșȍ-
ȕȤȦ Ȑ, ȊȣȗȐȊ șȚȈȒȈȕ ȒȖȜȍ țȍȝȈȓ ǴȈȕȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ
ȗȘȖȊȍȓȈ ț ȕȈș ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȊșȚȈȊȈȧ ș ȌȐȊȈȕȈ ȟțȊșȚȊțȧ șȓȈȉȖșȚȤ.
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ Ȓ ȊȍȟȍȘț ȖȕȈ ȉȖȌȘȍȍ șȚȈȓȈ
ǬȧȌȧ șȢȍȏȌȐȓ ȏȈ ȍȍ ȖȚȞȖȔ — ȕȖ ȚȖȚ ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ Ȋ DzȘȖȕ-
ȠȚȈȌȚȍ ǬȧȌȧ șȖȉȘȈȓșȧ ȍȝȈȚȤ ȚțȌȈ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ ȌȈ șȈȔȈ ǴȈȕȧ ȍȋȖ
țȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ ǪȖȖȉȡȍ, ȌȧȌȧ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȗțȋȈȕ ȋȖ-
ȘȈȏȌȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈș ȌȈȎȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ șȈȔȖȑ ǴȈȕȐ Ǫ ȚȖȑ ȗȖ-
ȘȣȊȐșȚȖșȚȐ ș ȒȈȒȖȑ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȊȍȏ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ȍȏȌȐȓ ȏȈ ȓȍȒȈȘșȚ-
ȊȖȔ șȒȊȖȏȐȓȈ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȏȈȉȖȚȓȐȊȖșȚȤ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ȉȓȐȎȕȍȔ«
ǪȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȧ ȊȖȠȍȓ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț, ȋȌȍ ȉȣȓȈ ǴȈȕȧ« ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ
ǵȐȒȖȓȈȍȊȐȟ șȐȌȍȓ ȊȖȏȓȍ ȕȍȍ ǬȊȍ șȊȍȟȐ ȗȖȌ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȔ Ȏȍ-

211
ȓȍȏȕȣȔ ȈȉȈȎțȘȖȔ Ȋ ȔȍȌȕȖȑ ȖȗȘȈȊȍ ȋȖȘȍȓȐ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȔ țȋȓț
ȧȘȒȖ ȖșȊȍȡȈȧ șȚȖȓ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȧ Ȋ ȗȖȓțȚȤȔȍ ȖșȚȈȓȤȕțȦ ȒȖȔ-
ȕȈȚț Ǫ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȊȝȖȌȈ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖșȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȗȖȞȍȓțȑ ȇ
ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȈȓșȧ ȖȕȐ ȔȖȓȟȈȚ ȖȕȈ ȉȓȍȌȕȈȧ șȐ-
ȌȐȚ, ȖȚȒȐȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȕȈ șȗȐȕȒț ȌȐȊȈȕȈ Ȉ Ȗȕ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȈȝ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ
ȇ ȗȖșȚȖȧȓ ȗȖșȚȖȧȓ ț ȗȖȘȚȤȍȘȣ Ȑ ȚȈȒ Ȏȍ ȚȐȝȖ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȒȈȒ Ȑ
ȊȖȠȍȓ ț ȕȈș ȉȣȓȐ Șȣȝȓȣȍ ȔȧȋȒȐȍ ȒȖȊȘȣ«
ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȋșȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȓțȟȈȧ șȓȖȊȕȖ șȋȖȊȖȘȐȊȠȐșȤ
ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓȐ ǴȈȕȦ ȏȊȈȚȤ ȔȖȍȑ ȕȍȊȍșȚȖȑ ǷȍȓȍȍȊ șȚȈȓ ȍȡȍ ȌȖ-
ȉȘȖȌțȠȕȍȍ ȗȖȋȓȧȌȣȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȌȧȌȦ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓ ȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȞȍȓȣȔ Ȋȍ-
ȟȍȘȈȔ ș ȌȖȟȍȘȤȦ ȖȚȗțșȒȈȓ Ȑȝ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ȋțȓȧȚȤ ǶȕȈ șȚȈȓȈ șȖȊ-
șȍȔ șȊȖȍȑ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȔ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊȍ ǩȍȏ ȕȍȍ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȕȍȗȘȐȊȍȚȕȖ
ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȈȝ șȒțȟȕȖ — ȚȖȟȕȖ ȖȏȈȘȧȓȈ Ȑȝ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȕȐ-
ȉțȌȤ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȣȔ șȊȍȚȖȔ ȥȚȈ ȔȐȓȈȧ ȘțșȈȧ ȋȖȓȖȊȒȈ ǶȕȈ ȚȈȒ
ȉȓȐȏȒȖ șȖȠȓȈșȤ ș ȌȧȌȍȑ ȟȚȖ ȜȈȔȐȓȤȧȘȕȖșȚȤ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ
Ȍȓȧ ȕȐȝ șȈȔȐȝ ȟȈșȚȖ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȘȖșȒȈȓȤȏȣȊȈȓȈ ȗȘȐ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕ-
ȕȐȝ ǸȈȏȈ ȌȊȈ Ȕȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ ȗȖȌȔȍȚȐȚȤ ©Țȣª ȅȚȖ ©Țȣª ȗȘȖ-
ȐȏȊȍȓȖ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ
ȎȍȕȐȝ ș ȕȍȊȍșȚȖȑ Ǩ ȚțȚ ȍȡȍ ȔȈȚțȠȒȈ ȕȈȏȊȈȓȈ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȘȈȏ
ǴȈȕȦ Ȋ ȠțȚȒț ȒȖȕșțȓȤȠȍȑ ȅȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ șȖȊșȍȔ țȒȘȍȗȐȓȖ Ȋ
ȔȕȍȕȐȐ ȟȚȖ ȌȧȌȧ ȗȖ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȐ ȒțȘșȈ ȎȍȕȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ
VII
ǵȖ ȗȖȟȍȔț Ȏȍ ȗȖ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȐ ȒțȘșȈ Ȉ ȕȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ" ǺțȚ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȟȐȕ ǪȖ-ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȌȧȌȧ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȎȍȕȐȚȤșȧ șȐȌȧ
ȕȈ ȠȒȖȓȤȕȖȑ șȒȈȔȤȍ Ȉ ȊȖ-ȊȚȖȘȣȝ, Ȑ șȈȔ ǷȍȓȍȍȊ, ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ,
ȖȚȌȈȓȧȓ ȌȍȕȤ șȊȈȌȤȉȣ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ, ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȧ ȗȘȖȟȕȖșȚȤ
ȟțȊșȚȊ Ȉ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ, ȎȍȓȈȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȍȋȖ ȏȧȚȤ ȐȔȍȓ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ
ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ ǴȈȕȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȌȍȊțȠȒȈ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȍȔ
ȕȍȉȖȋȈȚȈȧ Ȉ ț ȌȧȌȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ƕȕ ȎȐȓ șȚȐȗȍȕȌȐȍȑ ȌȈ
ȒȖȑ-ȒȈȒȐȍ șțȉșȐȌȐȐ ȗȖȓțȟȈȓ ȖȚ șȚȈȘȠȍȑ șȍșȚȘȣ — ȍȋȖ ȖȚȍȞ
ȖȚ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȋȖ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓ
ǹȚȘȈȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȌȐȒȐȑ ȉȣȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȍȋȖ ȖȚȍȞ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȑ ǴȈȒ-
șȐȔȖȊȐȟ ǺȖȋȈȍȊ Ƕȕ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȓ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȚȍȗȍȘȤ țȎȍ ȖȒȖȕ-
ȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȣȔȍȘȠȍȔț ȚȐȗț ȗȖȔȍȡȐȒȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋ ȔȖȓȖȌȖ-

212
șȚȐ șȓțȎȐȓȐ Ȋ ȋȊȈȘȌȐȐ ȊȘȈȡȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȚȉȖȘȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȒȘțȎȒȈȝ
șȚȖȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ EHDX PRQG¶D* ȕȖșȧ ȚȐȚțȓ ȏȈȊȐȌȕȖȋȖ ȎȍȕȐȝȈ
ȏȈȚȍȔ ȎȍȕȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȚȈȕȞȖȊȡȐȞȍ Ȉ ȕȍ ȚȖ Ȑ ȕȈ
ȋȖȘȕȐȟȕȖȑ ȗȖȓțȟȈȓȐ ȏȈ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȒȈȕȌȈȓȍȏȕțȦ ȐșȚȖ-
ȘȐȦ ȗȘȐȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ — ȊȣȍȝȈȚȤ Ȋ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȟȈșȈ Ȑȏ șȚȖ-
ȓȐȞȣ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȒȖȑ Ȋ șȊȖȐ ȗȖȔȍșȚȤȧ Ȑ ȚȈȔ ȎȐ-
ȘȍȓȐ Ȑ ȚțȟȕȍȓȐ ȋȖȌ ȖȚ ȋȖȌț ǿȚȖ ȔȖȋ ȊȣȕȍșȚȐ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȐȑ
ǹȈȠȈ Ȑȏ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȍȑ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȐ ȋȓȧȌȧ ȒȈȒ ȖȚȍȞ ș ȌȖșȚȖȑ-
ȕȣȔȐ șȖșȍȌȧȔȐ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȓ ȖȉȓȈȊȣ ȕȈ ȌȖȔȈȠȕȐȝ țȚȖȒ Ȑ Ȑȕ-
ȌȦȠȍȒ ȗțșȚȐȊ Ȑȝ ȗȘȍȌȊȈȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈ ȌȊȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ Ȋ ȗȈȘȒ
ȟȚȖȉ ȖȕȐ ©ȖȌȐȟȈȓȐª ȐȓȐ ȖȝȖȚȐȓșȧ ȕȈ ȘțȟȕȖȋȖ ȔȍȌȊȍȌȧ
șȢȍȊȠȍȋȖ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȒȈȉȐȕȍȚȍ ȉȈȕȒț ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȖȔȈȌȣ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț
ȊȗȈȊȠȍȋȖ Ȋ ȕȍȔȐȓȖșȚȤ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȈ" ǻ ȕȍȋȖ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ
ȊȣȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț șțȘȖȊȣȑ ȋȘțȉȣȑ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ —
Ȉ ȕȈ Ȍȍȓȍ ȊȣȠȓȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ
Ǫ ǹȈȠȍ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȓȈșȤ șȒȘȖȔȕȈȧ ȓȦȉȧȡȈȧ ȕȈȚțȘȈ ǩȖȋ
ȊȍșȚȤ ȒȍȔ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȘȖȕȍȕȣ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȌțȠț ȥȚȐ șȍȔȍȕȈ ȒȈȒȐȝ-ȚȖ
Ȑȕȣȝ șȔțȚȕȣȝ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȐȌȍȈȓȖȊ — ȍȌȊȈ ȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȔȈ-
ȚȍȘȤȦ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȔ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȏȈȉȐȚȣȔ ǹȍȔȍȕȈ ȥȚȐ
ȎȌȈȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȍȗȓȈ Ȑ șȊȍȚȈ — Ȓ șȟȈșȚȤȦ, ȧȊȐȓșȧ Ȑ șȊȍȚ Ȑ
ȚȍȗȓȖ Ƕȕ ȗȖȗȈȓ ȗȖȌ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȍ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȧ
ǬȍȓȈ ț ǹȈȠȐ ȗȖȠȓȐ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ — ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȈȧ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ ȏȈ-
ȊȖȍȊȈȓȈ ȍȔț ȗȍȘȊȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȋ ȒȓȈșșȈȝ ȝȖȚȧ ȗȘȐȓȍȎȈȕȐȍȔ Ȗȕ
ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓșȧ țșȐȌȟȐȊȖȋȖ ȚȘțȌȈ ȕȍ ȚȍȘȗȍȓ Ȑ Ȋșȍ
șȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ©ȕȈȐȚȐȍȔª ȒȈȒ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȓșȧ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȟȍ-
șȒȐȑ șȊȧȡȍȕȕȐȒ ǵȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ©ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖȍª ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ Ȗȕ
ȖȚ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡȍȑ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ Ȋ ȠȈȓȖșȚȧȝ ȕȍ ȖȚșȚȈȊȈȓ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȘȈȏ
șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȘțȟȕȖ ȗțșȚȐȓ Ȑȏ ȖȒȕȈ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȟȍșȒȖȑ șȗȈȓȤȕȐ
ȘȈȒȍȚț ȗȖȌȖȎȌȈȊ ȚȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘ ȊȖȏȊȘȈ-
ȡȈȧșȤ ȗȖȏȌȕȖ Ȑȏ ȋȖșȚȍȑ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȐȓ Ȓ șȊȖȍȔț ȗȖȌȢȍȏȌț DzȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȖȋȕȍȕȕȈȧ ȏȔȍȑȒȈ ș ȓȍȋȒȐȔ șȊȐșȚȖȔ ȊȏȊȐȓȈșȤ ȒȊȍȘȝț Ȑ
ȓȖȗȕțȓȈ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȊȠȐșȤ ȏȊȍȏȌȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȚȍȔȕȖȔ ȕȍȉȍ șȚȈȘȐȒ ȌȖ
ȚȖȋȖ ȐȏțȔȐȓșȧ ȥȚȐȔ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍȌȊȐȎȕȖ șȚȖȧȓ
ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȘȈșșțȎȌȈȧ — ©ȟȚȖȉȣ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȔȖȋȓȖ
ȉȣȚȤª. ǵȈ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȌȍȕȤ Ȗȕ ȌȈȎȍ ©șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȧª ȕȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖ-
ȌȐȓ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȋ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȕȈ Ȗȉȣȟȕȣȑ MRXU
* Ȼɨɦɨɧɞɚ (ɮɪ.).

213
fixe* Ȓ ȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȦ șȊȖȍȔț ǰȊȈȕț ǨȕȚȖȕȖȊȐȟț ȚȖ Ȓ ȖȉȡȍȔț
țȌȐȊȓȍȕȐȦ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ șȚȈȒȈȕȈ ȊȐȕȈ ȏȈ țȎȐȕȖȔ ȕȍ ȗȐȓ
ȖȚȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȧșȤ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ©Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț țȌȈȘȧȍȚª
VIII
Ǩ ȗȖȒȈ ǹȈȠȈ țȟȐȓșȧ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȓ Ȑȏ ȒȓȈșșȈ Ȋ ȒȓȈșș ȖȚȍȞ
ȍȋȖ ȉȍȏțȔȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȍșȚȊȈȔȐ Ȑ ȉȈȕȒȍȚȈȔȐ Ȋ ȗȘȈȝ ȘȈȏȖȘȧȓ
ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȐȔȍȕȤȍ ȏȈȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȧ ȎȍȔȟțȋ ȜȈȔȐȓȤȕȣȍ ȉȘȐȓȓȐȈȕ-
Țȣ ȌțȠȐ Ƕȕ ȎȌȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȚ-ȊȖȚ ȖȉȢȧȊȧȚ ȊȖȓȦ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȕȍ șȍ-
ȋȖȌȕȧ-ȏȈȊȚȘȈ ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȐȡȐȔ ȅȚȈ ȔȣșȓȤ, Ȋ șȊȧȏȐ
ș ȉȍșȗȘȖșȣȗȕȣȔȐ ȏȈȗȖȧȔȐ, ȌȖȊȍȓȈ ȍȋȖ ȌȖ șțȔȈșȠȍșȚȊȐȧ
ǹȗȍȘȊȈ Ȗȕ ȕȍȐșȚȖȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ ȐȏȘțȉȐȓ ȠȈȠȒȖȑ Ȏȍȕț
ȉȐȓ ȗȖșțȌț Ȑ șȚȍȒȓȈ Ȉ ȒȖȕȟȐȓ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȍȎȍȌȕȍȊȕȖ
ȘȣȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȗȓȍȊȈȓȤȕȐȞȈȝ ȖȚȣșȒȐȊȈȧ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȈȓȔȈȏȣ Ȑ ȗȘȖ-
șȧ șȖ șȓȍȏȈȔȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȍȔț Ȑȝ ȖȚȌȈȓȐ ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ, țȎȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ
șȈȔȣȔ ȊȣȝȖȌȖȔ ǹȈȠȐ Ȑȏ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȐ Ȗȕ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ țȚȘȖȔ
țȊȐȌȍȓ ȕȈ ȒȖȓȣȠȒȈȝ ȏȈȉȖȘȈ ȚȧȕțȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȖȒȕȈȔȐ ȚȈ-
ȒțȦ ȔȈșșț ȊȖȘȖȕ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȥȚȖ ȏȈ ȌțȘȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȏȕȈȔȍȕȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȗȘȐȟȈșȚȐȓșȧ ș ȉȓȈȋȖȋȖȊȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ Ȓ Ȋȍ-
ȟȍȘț țȔȍȘ
ǵȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ Ȋȍșȍȓȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧ ȌȧȌȐ Ȗ ȌȍȚșȚȊȍ Ȑ
ȦȕȖșȚȐ ǰȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȍȕșȒȐȑ ȌȖȔ ȊȏȌȣȔȈȊȠȐȑșȧ șȊȖȍȑ ȔȈȓȐ-
ȕȖȊȖȑ ȒȘȖȊȓȍȑ ȕȈȌ ȒțȗȈȔȐ ȏȍȓȍȕȐ ȊȍșȍȕȕȐȍ ȘȈȏȓȐȊȣ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȖȊȖȌȕȖȑ ȘȍȒȐ șȐȕȍȑ ȓȍȕȚȖȑ ȉȍȋțȡȍȑ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȖȒȕȈȔȐ ȖȚȍȞ
ȚȖ ȉțȑșȚȊțȦȡȐȑ ȚȖ ȒȘȖȚȒȖ-șȓȍȏȓȐȊȣȑ ȘȖȦȡȐȑșȧ Ȋ ȗȓȍȊȈ-
ȓȤȕȐȞȈȝ ȓȍșȈ șȚȍȗȐ țȉȖȋȐȍ ȌȍȘȍȊȍȕȤȒȐ ȏȈțȕȣȊȕȣȑ ȔȖȚȐȊ
ȗȍșȕȐ ȟȚȖ ȘȈȏȌȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔȐ — Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȗȖȉȓȍȒȓȖ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍ-
ȋȖ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȗȖȏȈȌȐ ȗȖȚțșȒȓȖ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȉȘȍȎȕȖ ȝȘȈȕȐ-
ȔȈȧ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ Ȋ șȚȈȘȖȑ ȖȉȊȍȚȠȈȓȖȑ ȘȈȔȍ ȋȌȍ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȔȖȎ-
ȕȖ ȘȈșȗȖȏȕȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȚȍȔȕȍȊȠȍȔ ȜȖȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȐȞȖ ȌȈ ȘțȒț
ȎȍȓȚȖȊȈȚȖ-ȋȘȧȏȕȣȔȐ ȗȧȚȕȈȔȐ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȦȡȐȍ Ȑȏ-ȗȖȌ ȗȖȚȘȍ-
șȒȈȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȓȈȒȈ Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȈ ȚȖȋȖ ȌȈȊȕȖ-
ȗȘȖȠȓȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȍȋȖ ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ — Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȎȐȚȤ Ȋ ȚȖȑ Ȗȉș-
* ɀɭɪɮɢɤɫ ɮɪ.).

214
ȚȈȕȖȊȒȍ ȍȔț ȕțȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖȏȌțȝȈ — Ȑ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚ Ȓ ȥȚȐȔ ȕȖȦ-
ȡȐȔ ȗȍșȕȧȔ șȚȈȕȖȊȣȔ ȐșȗȘȈȊȕȐȒȈȔ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȍȔț ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎ-
ȕȣȔ ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȣȔ
Ǫ șȚȖȓȐȞȈȝ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȐȗȍȓȖ ȖȎȐȊȓȍȕȐȍ DzȚȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȔ-
ȕȐȚ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȠȍșȚȐȌȍșȧȚȣȝ ȋȖȌȖȊ ȥȚȖ ©ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȚȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȕȈȌȍȎȌª" ǩȐȓȈșȤ ©ȉȍȏȒȘȖȊȡȐȕȈª ș ©ȒȐȘșȈȕȖȊȡȐȕȖȑª ǵȖ
ȌȧȌȧ ȋȓȧȕțȓ ȕȈ ȥȚț ȉȖȘȤȉț ȒȈȒ ȕȈ șȚȈȘȖȍ ș ȌȍȚșȚȊȈ ȏȕȈȒȖ-
ȔȖȍ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ©ǩȖȎȍ ȒȈȒȐȍ ȗțșȚȧȒȐ — șȔȍȧșȤ, ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ
ǷȍȓȍȍȊț — ǵȈ Ȍȕȧȝ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ șȚțȌȍȕȚȣ-ȔȍȌȐȒȐ ȌȘȈȓȐ
Ȑ ȎȋȓȐ ȗȖȘȚȘȍȚȣ ǺțȘȋȍȕȍȊȈ — ȏȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍȑȌȍȚ Ȋ țȘȖ-
ȊȍȕȤ ș ȊȍȒȖȔª
— ǭȡȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍșȧȞȍȊ
— ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ ȗȖȘȖȑ, — Ȑ ȧ ȉțȌț șȊȖȉȖȌȍȕ — ȧ țȍȌț ȖȚșȦȌȈ
— DzțȌȈ" — șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȈ ȚȍȚȧ
— ǷȘȖȟȤ ȖȚșȦȌȈ — ȏȌȍșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ DzțȌȈ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖ-
ȌȈȓȤȠȍ« ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȌȈȓȤȠȍ
Ǩ ǴȈȕȧ"
Ƕȕ ȖȉȝȖȌȐȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍȔ ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȚȍȚȧ șȗȘȖ-
șȐȓȈ ț ǴȈȕȐ
— Ǻȣ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ǹȈȠȈ țȍȏȎȈȍȚ Ȑȏ ǸȖșșȐȐ
ǶȕȈ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ ȗȖȌȕȧȓȈ ȋȓȈȏȈ
— ǯȕȈȦ
— ǰ« Țȍȉȍ ȕȍ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȘȈșșȚȈȚȤșȧ"
— DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ« ȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȏ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ
— ǴȖȎȕȖ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȚȈȊȈȚȤșȧ«
— ǵȍȓȤȏȧ« ȊȍȌȤ ȗȈȗȈȠȈ ȏȌȍșȤ șȓțȎȐȚ
— Ǩȝ Țȣ ȗȘȖ ȖȚȞȈ — ȌȖȋȈȌȈȓȈșȤ ȚȍȚȧ — Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȈ ȕȍ ȊȖȏȖȉȕȖȊȓȧȓȈ
IX
ǽȖȚȧ ȜȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȌȧȌȧ ȕȍ ȌȍȓȈȓ ȕȖ ȚȍȔ
ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ, Ȋșȍ ȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ șȊȈȌȤȉȍ — ȍȏȌȐȓȐ ȏȈȒțȗȈȓȐ
ȠȐȓȐ ǬȖ ȥȒȏȈȔȍȕȖȊ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȌȍȓȤ ǬȧȌȧ
ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓșȧ — ȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȤșȧ ȍȔț ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȟȍȋȖ — Ȗȕ
Ȋșȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȍȏȌȐȓ ȝȓȖȗȖȚȈȓ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȐ ©DzțȌȈ-ȚȖ

ȖȕȐ țȍȌțȚ"ª — ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȈ ȚȍȚȧ
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ, ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ Ȋșȍ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȏȈ
ȟȈȍȔ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȊȓȍȚȍȓ ȌȧȌȧ ș șȐȧȦȡȐȔ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ
— ǻȏȕȈȓ, ȒțȌȈ" — șȘȈȏț șȗȘȖșȐȓȐ Ȋșȍ
— ǬȖȉȐȓșȧ — ȏȈȗȣȝȈȊȠȐșȤ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ — Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓ-
șȧ«
— DzțȌȈ Ȏȍ ȒțȌȈ"
— Ǫ ǸȐȖ-Ȍȍ-ǮȈȕȍȑȘȖ
Ǫșȍ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȍ ȋȘȖȔȖȔ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ
— Ǫ ȆȎȕțȦ ǨȔȍȘȐȒț" — ȊȣȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ǷȍȓȍȍȊ
— ǬȈ«
ǬȧȌȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȓ ǴȈȕȍ Ȑ, ȕȍ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȊȖ-
ȗȘȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ-ȕȍȌȖțȔȍȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȊȏȖȘ ȖȚȞȈ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȊȠȐȑșȧ
ȕȈ ȕȍȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓ
— ǵȍ ȗȖȉȖȐȠȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ"
ǶȕȈ ȒȖȓȍȉȈȓȈșȤ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȟȚȖ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȈȧ ǴȐȕțȚț șȗțșȚȧ
ȖȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȖȉȢȧȚȐȧȝ
Ǵȣ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȖșȊȖȐȚȤșȧ ș ȕȖȊȖȑ ȔȣșȓȤȦ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȐ
ȉțȌțȚ ȚȈȒ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ǴȣșȓȤ Ȗ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȡȍȕȐȐ șȖȊȍȘ-
ȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ ȊȧȎȍȚșȧ ș ȕȈȠȍȑ șȓȈȊȧȕșȒȖȑ ȕȈȚțȘȖȑ Ǭȓȧ Ȉȕȋ-
ȓȐȟȈȕȐȕȈ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȠȍȋȖ ȟțȚȤ ȓȐ ȕȍ ȗțȚȍȔ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȌ-
ȉȖȘȈ Ȓ ȋȘȖȔȈȌȕȣȔ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȧȔ — ȉȣȚȤ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȉ ȟȍ-
Șȍȏ ȔȍșȧȞ ȈȕȚȐȗȖȌȖȔ — ȗȖȟȚȐ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȟȚȖ șȢȍșȚȤ ȒțșȖȒ ȘȖșȚ-
ȉȐȜȈ — ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚșȧ ȟțȌȈȒȐ ȍȎȍȋȖȌȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȍȏȎȈȦ-
ȡȐȍ ȕȈ ȌȈȟț Ȑȏ dzȖȕȌȖȕȈ Ȋ ȕȈȠț ǼȐȕȓȧȕȌȐȦ — ȕȖ ȕȈȔ Șțș-
șȒȐȔ șȖȊȍȘȠȐȚȤ ȗțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ Ȋ ǨȔȍȘȐȒț ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȌȖȓ-
ȎȍȕșȚȊțȦȡȐȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍșȚȐ ȗȍȘȍȓȖȔ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ
ǵȖ — ǩȖȎȍ ȔȖȑ — Ȓ ȒȈȒȖȔț ȗȍȘȍȓȖȔț ȕȍȓȤȏȧ ȗȘȐȊȣȒ-
ȕțȚȤ ǺȖ ȟȚȖ ș ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȈ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ ȕȈ-
ȟȈȓȖ ȔȈȓȖ-ȗȖȔȈȓț ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȘȍȈȓȤȕțȦ ȖȉȖȓȖȟȒț ǹ ©ȕȍȊȖȏ-
ȔȖȎȕȖȑª ȔȣșȓȤȦ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȖșȊȈȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȍȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ
țȎȈșȕȖȑ țȚȍȠȈȓȐ șȍȉȧ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȕȈȊȍȒȐ Ȏȍ ȖȕȐ țȍȏȎȈȦȚ
ȗȘȖȑȌȍȚ ȓȍȚ ȗȧȚȤ — ȖȕȐ ȊȍȘȕțȚșȧ ȌȧȌȧ ȌȈȎȍ șȓȖȊȖ ȌȈȓ ȟȚȖ
ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȊȍȘȕțȚșȧ
_____

216
X
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȖȕȐ ȎȍȕȐȝ Ȑ ȕȍȊȍșȚȈ ǪȗȍȘȍȌȐ — ȖȉȍșȗȍȟȍȕȕȈȧ șȈ-
ȔȖșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȔȖȓȖȌȖșȚȤ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ ©ǯȕȈȍȠȤ,
ȧ ȕȍ șȚȖȦ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȍȚ Ȕȕȍ șțȌȤȉȈ — ȕȍ ȘȈȏ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȍȑ
ȌȧȌȧ — ǹțȌȤȉȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȕȍȓȖȋȐȟȕȈ Ȑ ȕȍȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȈ« ǺȖ
ȍșȚȤ ȓȖȋȐȒȈ-ȚȖ ț ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȍșȚȤ ȌȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ șȊȖȧ ȖșȖ-
ȉȍȕȕȈȧ Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș ȕȍȗȖȕȧȚȕȈȧ« ǪȖȚ ȧ ȏȈ ȍȍ ȓȖȋȐȒț-ȚȖ Ȑ ȉȖȦșȤª
Ǫ ȋȖșȚȐȕȖȑ ț ȕȈș șȚȈȓȐ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȕȍȉȣȊȈȓȣȍ
ȒȕȐȋȐ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȐȍ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȍ Ȑ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȍ ȜȖȓȐȈȕȚȣ ȗț-
ȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȑ ȗȖ ǩȘȈȏȐȓȐȐ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ ȟȐ-
ȚȈȓȐ, ȟȚȖ Ȗ ǩȘȈȏȐȓȐȐ ǹȚȈȓȐ ȗȖȒțȗȈȚȤ ȊȍȡȐ ȗȘȐșȗȖșȖȉ-
ȓȍȕȕȣȍ Ȍȓȧ ȔȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȍȏȌȈ ȗȍȘȍșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓȐ ȋȘȈȊȦȘȣ
ȥșȚȈȔȗȣ
ǸȈȏ șȐȌȍȓȐ Ȕȣ Ȋșȍ ȏȈ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȖȑ ȒȕȐȋȖȑ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȧ ǨȔȍ-
ȘȐȒȐ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌȕȣȔȐ ȋȘȈȊȦȘȈȔȐ ǴȈȕȧ ȗȘȐ-
ȝȖȌȐȓȈ Ȋ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋ ȖȚ ȒȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȍȊ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȝ
ȗȈȔȗȈșȖȊ ȖȚ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȊ Ȑ șȍȓȍȕȐȑ ȐȔȍȦȡȐȝ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȊȖȑ
ȎȐȊȖȗȐșȕȣȑ ȕȍ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȑ ȗȖȠȐȉ ȉȍȏ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȖȋȖ
ȠȈȉȓȖȕȈ șȐȔȔȍȚȘȐȐ Ȑ ȖȒȘțȋȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ©Ǩȝ — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓȈ
ȖȕȈ — ȕȍțȎȍȓȐ Ȏȍ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȖșȍȕȐ Ȕȣ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ țȊȐȌȐȔ"ª
— ǺȈȔ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȍșȕȈ — ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȌȧȌȧ — ȌȈ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȖ
ȓȐ ȖșȚȈȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȔȍșȧȞȈ
ǷȍȓȍȍȊ ȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȑ Ȑȏ țȋȓȈ Ȋ țȋȖȓ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȊȌȘțȋ Ȗș-
ȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ
— Ǩ Țȣ ȏȕȈȍȠȤ — ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ Ȓ ȌȖȟȍȘȐ — ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ,
ȕȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȧ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ, țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ǨȔȍȘȐȒț"
— ǵȈ ȋȘȈȊȦȘȍ"
— ǵȍȚ ȕȍ ȕȈ ȋȘȈȊȦȘȍ
—ǨȒȈȒȎȍ"
— ǬȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ǨȔȍȘȐȒț Ȉ Ȋșȍ, ȟȚȖ țȋȖȌȕȖ« Ǫȣ ȏȕȈȍ-
Țȍ — ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȗȕ Ȓ ȌȧȌȍ — ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȋȈȠȐȠ
— ǯȕȈȦ« ȌȈȎȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȚȖȋȖ — ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȍșȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ
țȕȞȐȑ
— Ǫȣ ȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȤ"
— ǵȍȚ Ȋșȍ șȖȉȐȘȈȦșȤ
— ǫȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ«

217
— ǬȈ ȔȖȑ ȚȖȊȈȘȐȡ ȗȍȘșȐȧȕȐȕ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȧ ȎȐȓ ȐȕȖ-
ȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓ ȍȋȖ
— ǬȈ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ǴȈȕȧ
— ǵȈȘȒȖȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ șȘȍȌșȚȊȖ« ȊȘȖȌȍ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȊȈȔ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ
— ȊȘȖȌȍ ȖȗȐțȔȈ — ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȍȚ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȐ« ǵț Ȑ ȔȈȓȍȕȤ-
ȒȖȍ ȕȍȘȊȕȖȍ ȘȈșșȚȘȖȑșȚȊȖ« Ǫ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȒȈȒ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȖȗȘȖȉȖȊȈȚȤ« ǵȍ ȝȖȚȐȚȍ ȓȐ ȏȈ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȦ"
— ȇ ȕȍ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȕȐ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ȘȈșșȚȘȈȐȊȈȚȤ
ȕȍȘȊȣ ȌȈ Ȑ ȊȈȔ ȕȍ șȖȊȍȚțȦ
— Ǩ Ȋȣ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȍȊȐȟ — ȕȍ ȉȖȐȚȍșȤ" — șȗȘȖ-
șȐȓ ǷȍȓȍȍȊ
— ǿȍȋȖ"
— ǿȚȖ ȕȈ ȊȈș Ȗȕ ȌțȘȕȖ ȗȖȊȓȐȧȍȚ"
— ȇ ȏȕȈȦ ȌȖȏț ȗȘȐȍȔȈ
— ǶȚȟȍȋȖ Ȏȍ Ȋȣ ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ǨȔȍȘȐȒț țȊȐȌȐȚȍ? — ȕȍ-
ȌȖțȔȍȊȈȓȈ ǴȈȕȧ
— ǶȚȚȖȋȖ, ȟȚȖ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȌțȔȈȦ Ȗ ȕȍȑ« Ǫ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ
ȒȈȒ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȍȈȕș ȕȈȌȖ țșȚȘȖȐȚȤ
ǿȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ ȌȧȌȧ ȗȘȐȕȍș Ȓ ȕȈȔ ȉȈȕȖȟȒț ș ȋȈ-
ȠȐȠȍȔ
XI
©ǹȍȈȕșª ȒȈȒ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȖȔȕȦ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕ ȉȣȓ ț ȕȈș Ȋȍȟȍ-
ȘȖȔ Ȋ șțȉȉȖȚț Ȑ Ȋșȍȝ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊȈȓ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ©ǫȈȠȐȠª
— ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȕȖȊȖȍ șȓȖȊȖ ©ǫȈȠȐȠª ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȇ
țȊȍȘȧȓ ȚȍȚȦ ȟȚȖ ȌȧȌȧ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȐȔȍȚ ȚȈȒ șȍȑȟȈș ș ȕȐȔ șȌȍ-
ȓȈȦȚșȧ ȒȖȘȟȐ Ȑ Ȗȕ ȕȈȟȕȍȚ ȗȓȧșȈȚȤ ǺȍȚȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȧ
ȊȏȌȖȘ ȉȖȓȚȈȦ ȕȖ șȈȔȈ șȍȈȕșț ȕȍ șȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓȈ
— ǿȚȖ ȏȈ ȋȈȠȐȠ ȚȈȒȖȑ — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ȖȕȈ — ǪȍșȤ ȊȍȒ ȉȍȏ
ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȗȘȖȎȐȓȐ Ȉ ȚțȚ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȖȕȈȌȖȉȐȓșȧ ȇ Ȑ ȕȍ șȓȣȝȐ-
ȊȈȓȈ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȒȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓ ǶȌȕȐ ȗțșȚȧȒȐ
ǵȖ ȚȍȔ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ, Ȓ șȍȈȕșț Ȋșȍ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓȐ țȉȈȊȐȓȐ Ȋ
ȓȈȔȗȈȝ Ȗȋȕȧ — ȚȖȟȕȖ șȗȐȘȐȚȐȏȔȖȔ șȖȉȘȈȓȐșȤ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ
— ȗȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȕȈ șȚȖȓ ȋȘȈȜȐȕ ȊȖȌȣ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȚȘȍ-

218
ȉȖȊȈȓ ȌȧȌȧ
 ȊȍȓȍȓȐ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȤ Ȑ Ȋșȍ șȚȈȓȐ șȔȖȚ-
ȘȍȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ
ǰ ȊȖȚ ȌȧȌȧ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓ ȋȈȠȐȠ ȗȖȌȕȍș ȍȋȖ Ȓ ȋțȉȈȔ. ©ǷȖ-
ȎȍȓȈȑȚȍ Ȕȕȍ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȖȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȐª — ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ ǵȈ ȕȍ-
ȋȖ ȚȍȚȧ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȣȝȖȌȞȈ Ȑȏ ȋȘȖ-
ȉȈ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȍȘȍȒȘȍșȚȐȓȈșȤ ǬȧȌȧ ȖȗțșȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȖ ǪȖȒ-
Șțȋ ȚȈȒ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȐȝȖ ȟȚȖ șȓȣȠȈȓșȧ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȐȑ ȠȖȘȖȝ ǺȖȓȤȒȖ
ȟȈșȣ șȓȈȉȖ ȚȐȒȈȓȐ ȕȈ șȚȍȕȍ ȌȈ ȋȓțȝȐȍ ȠȈȋȐ șȓȣȠȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ-
ȊȍȘȝț ȕȈȌ ȕȈȔȐ
— DzȈȒ Țȣ ȉȓȍȌȍȕ — ȐșȗțȋȈȕȕȣȔ ȠȍȗȖȚȖȔ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ ȚȍȚȧ
Ƕȕ ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ ©ǷȖȓȕȖȚȍ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȊȈȔ ȥȚȖ ȒȈȎȍȚ-
șȧ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦª
ǺȈȒ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ș ȗȖȓȟȈșȈ ǵȈȠȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ șȚȈȓȖ ȖșȚȣȊȈȚȤ
Ȕȣ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ țȎȍ ȕȍ ș ȗȘȍȎȕȐȔ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖȔ șȓȍȌȐȓȐ ȏȈ ȒȈȎ-
ȌȣȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȌȧȌȐ ǬȈȎȍ șȒțȟȕȖ șȚȈȓȖ ǬȧȌȍ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȈȌȖȍ-
ȓȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȖȍ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȍ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȐȓ țșȐȓȍȕȕțȦ
ȌȖȏț Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ǵȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȓȖșȤ
Ƕȕ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȒȘȈșȕȍȓ ȕȈ ȓȉț Ȑ ȊȐșȒȈȝ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓ ȗȖȚ ȋȓȈ-
ȏȈ ȏȈȋȖȘȍȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȣȔ ȉȓȍșȒȖȔ Ȋ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ
ȓȐȞȈ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȚȖșȒȓȐȊȖșȚȤ ȕȍȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚȊȖ Ƕȕ
ȊȏȌȘȈȋȐȊȈȓ ȖȚȊȖȌȐȓ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȗȘȐȓȐȗȈȊȠȐȍ ȕȍȘȖȊȕȣȔ ȒȓȖ-
ȒȖȔ ȒȖ ȓȉț ȗȘȧȌȐ ȊȖȓȖș Ȑ ȋȓȈȌȒȐȔȐ ȠȈȋȈȔȐ ȗȘȖȝȈȎȐȊȈȓșȧ
ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ
— ǷȖșȔȖȚȘȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȍ Ȑ ȊȓȈȎȕȣȍ ȘțȒȐ
— șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ǷȍȓȍȍȊț ǺȖȚ ȗȖȡțȗȈȓ Ȑ ȖȚȣșȒȈȓ ȗțȓȤșȖȊțȦ
ȎȐȓț
— ȅȋȍ — ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ — ȏȈ șȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȈȓȐȓȖ
— ǷțȓȤș" — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȐȓ ȔȈȠȐȕȈȓȤȕȖ ȌȧȌȧ — DzȈȒ ȥȚȖ ț
ȀȍȒșȗȐȘȈ"
«ǴȖȑ ȗțȓȤș ȒȈȒ ȚȊȖȑ ȐȋȘȈȍȚ Ȋ șȚȘȖȑȕȖȔ ȚȈȒȚȍ
ǭȋȖ ȔȍȓȖȌȐȧ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȈ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȚȊȖȍȔ«
— Ǩ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȐ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȠȤ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓ ȧ
— DzȈȒȈȧ ǨȔȍȘȐȒȈ — ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȞȍȓȈȧ ȈȘȔȐȧ
ȉȤȍȚ ȏȖȘȦ ȕȈ ȉȈȘȈȉȈȕȈȝ ǭșȓȐ ȌȍȓȖ ȥȚȐȔ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȚșȧ —
șȚȖȐȓȖ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȥȚț ȋȈȌȖșȚȤ«
Ƕȕ ȗȖȠȈȚȕțȓșȧ Ȑ, țȌȍȘȎȈȊȠȐșȤ ȏȈ ȘțȟȒț ȌȐȊȈȕȈ ȉțȝ-

219
ȕțȓșȧ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ
ǴȈȕȧ ȕȈȓȐȓȈ ȍȔț șȚȈȒȈȕ ȊȖȌȣ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȓȈ ȚțȌȈ ȓȐȔȖȕȈ
șȈȝȈȘȈ Ȑ ȗȖȌȕȍșȓȈ ȍȔț Ƕȕ ș ȎȈȌȕȖșȚȤȦ ȊȣȗȐȓ Ȋȏȧȓ ȍȍ ȏȈ
ȘțȒț ȏȈșȔȍȧȓșȧ ȗȘȐȚȧȕțȓ Ȓ șȍȉȍ Ȑ ȗȖȞȍȓȖȊȈȓ Ȋ ȡȍȒț ȖȕȈ
ȊșȗȣȝȕțȓȈ Ȑ ȖȚșȒȖȟȐȓȈ
— ǶȗȧȚȤ ȥȚȖȚ ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȑ ȠțȔ — ȗȘȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ Ȗȕ —
ȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȣșȚȘȍȓȣ ȒȘȐȒȐ ȊȖȗȓȐ ȊȏȘȣȊȣ« ȝȖȚȤ ȉȣ ȒȖȕȟȐ-
ȓȖșȤ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ șȒȖȘȍȑ«
ǩȖȓȤ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȓȈșȤ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȓȐȞȍ Ȗȕ ȕȍȌȊȐȎȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ Ȋ
ȖȌȕț ȚȖȟȒț șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖ șȐȌȧ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ Ƕȕ ȏȈȒȘȣȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȚȖȟ-
ȕȖ șȗȈȚȤ ȍȔț ȏȈȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ
— ǪȖȚ ȊȖȚ — șȒȈȏȈȓ Ȗȕ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ — ǵȈ-
ȟȈȓȖșȤ« Ǩȑ Ȑȝ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ«
— DzȖȋȖ" — șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ȚȍȚȧ
— ǰȝ« DzȘțȎȈȚșȧ ȊȤȦȚșȧ ȗȘȣȋȈȦȚ șȊȍȚȧȚșȧ« Ǩȝ, ȒȈȒ
ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ Ȕȕȍ«
Ƕȕ ȏȈȔȖȓȟȈȓ Ǵȣ Ȋșȍ șȐȌȍȓȐ ȏȈȚȈȐȊ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ
— DzȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ — ȗȖȊȚȖȘȧȓ Ȗȕ — ȒȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ
XII
ǵȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȌȧȌȧ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ șȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȑ ȋȖ-
ȓȖȊȕȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȦ Ȑ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȕȍșȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤȦ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ ȟȍȔ
ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ǩȓȍȌȕȣȑ ș ȊȖșȗȈȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȗȕ ȒȈȒ
ȚȍȕȤ ȠȈȚȈȓșȧ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ Ȋ ȒȖȔȕȈȚț ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȊȈ-
ȓȐȓșȧ șȗȈȚȤ Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȖȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȉȖȌȘȣȔ
Ȑ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȔ
— ǪȐȌȍȓ ǨȔȍȘȐȒț" — șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȓȐ Ȋșȍ ț ȕȍȋȖ
Ƕȕ țȓȣȉȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȓ
— ǸȈșșȒȈȎȐ«
Ƕȕ ȗȖȎȐȔȈȓ ȗȓȍȟȈȔȐ
— ȇ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȅȚȖȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ — ȥȚȖ ȕȈȌȖ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ«
ȇ ȗȖȔȕȦ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȖșȤ ȠțȔȖȔ ȋȘȖȝȖȚȖȔ ȋțȓȖȔ ǹȗȍȘ-
ȊȈ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȚȧȚșȧ ȒȈȘȍȚȣ ȚȣșȧȟȐ ȒȈȘȍȚ ȗȖ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȔȖșȚȖȊȖȑ ǷȖȚȖȔ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȖȌȖȗȈȌȣ șȚȈȓȐ ȘȍȊȍȚȤ
ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ ȒȘȐȟȈȓ« ǺțȚ ȉȣȓ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȝȈȖș ȏȊț-

220
ȒȖȊ« ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ șȔȖȓȒȈȓȖ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ șȓȈȉȍȧ« ǷȍȘȍȌȖ
ȔȕȖȑ ȘȈȏȖșȚȓȈȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȌȣȔȟȈȚȈȧ ȚțȔȈȕȕȈȧ ȗȍȓȍȕȈ
șȍȘȈȧ ȕȖ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȈȧ ǰ ȊȌȘțȋ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȖșȤ ȧȘȒȖȍ șȊȍ-
ȚȖȊȖȍ ȗȧȚȕȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȖȚ ȓțȟȈ ȗȘȖȗțȡȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȘȐȏȔț
ȏȈȠȍȊȍȓȐȓȖșȤ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȖ ȜȖȘȔț ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ ȎȐȊȖȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȈ
șȚȈȓȖ ȒȘȐȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ȔȍȚȈȚȤșȧ Ȑȏ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȋ șȚȖȘȖȕț ȘȐȕțȓȖșȤ
ȒțȌȈ-ȚȖ ȊȉȖȒ ȐșȟȍȏȓȖ« ǵȈ ȔȍșȚȍ ȍȋȖ ȊȣȘȖșȓȖ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȖȊȖȍ
ȏȈȒȖȗȖȠȐȓȖșȤ — Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȘȧȌ ȞȍȓȈȧ ȊȍȘȍȕȐȞȈ ȔȈ-
ȓȍȕȤȒȐȝ ȉȓȍșȚȧȡȐȝ ȉȍșȒȖȕȚțȘȕȣȝ ȜȐȋțȘ ȏȈȊȍȘȚȍȓȖșȤ ȊȖȒ-
Șțȋ« ǶȚȒȘȖȍȠȤ ȋȓȈȏȈ — ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȚ ȏȈȒȘȖȍȠȤ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȖȕȐ
— ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȞȊȍȚ Ȑȝ ȔȍȕȧȍȚșȧ«
ǷȖȚȖȔ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȋȌȍ-ȚȖ ȖȚ ȏȍȔȓȐ
șȔȖȚȘȦ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ Ȉ ȏȍȔȓȧ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȔȈȓȍȕȤȒȈȧ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȈȧ — ȒȖȔȖȟȍȒ ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ ǶȕȈ ȒȘțȚȐȚșȧ ȊȍȘȚȐȚșȧ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȕȈ
ȖȌȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ Ȓ ȟȍȔț-ȚȖ ȗȘȐȊȧȏȈȕȕȈȧ Ȓ ȒȈȒȖȔț-ȚȖ șȚȍȉȓȦ
ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȖȕȈ șȐȌȐȚ Ȉ Ȓ ȕȍȑ ȚȧȕȍȚșȧ Ȑȏ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ ȓȐșȚ ȖȋȘȖȔȕȣȑ ȉȍșȜȖȘȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȍȚ
ȍȍ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ șȎȐȔȈȍȚ«
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȒȈȒ șȐȌȍȓ — ȖȚȒȘȣȊȠȐ ȓȐ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȐȓȐ
ȏȈȒȘȣȊȠȐ — ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȧ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ« ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ
ȔȖȘȧ ȋȖȘȣ, ȧ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȔ ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ Ȋȍȟȕȣȍ ȓȤȌȣ ȌȍȊșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ
ȓȍșȈ ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȗțșȚȣȕȦ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡțȦ ȈȜȘȐȒȈȕșȒțȦ ȗțșȚȣȕȦ
ȇ Ƞȍȓ ȗȖ ȕȍȑ Ȕȕȍ ȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈșȤ ȧ ȍȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ
ȊșȍȔ șȊȖȐȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȚȍȗȓȖȚț ȋȖȘȧȟȍȑ ȕȖȟȐ — ȧ
șȓȣȠȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȘȣȟȈȓ ȓȍȊ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ, ȒȈȒ ȐȋȘȈȓ șȊȍȚ ȓțȕȣ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ
ȠȍȘșȚȐ« ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȘȈȊȈȕȣ ȗȐȘȈȔȐȌȣ« ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȌȊȖȘȞȣ
ȞȐȚȈȌȍȓȐ ȔȐȕȈȘȍȚȣ« Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ șȔȍȕȧȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȍ ȖȌȕȖ
ȌȘțȋȐȔ« ǭȌȊȈ ȊșȔȖȚȘȦșȤ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖ — ȊȣȗȓȣȊȈȍȚ ȌȘțȋȖȍ« ǺȖ
ȕȈȘȖȌ ȚȖ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȒȖȓȍșȕȐȞȣ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȍșȚȊȈ ȚȖ — ȏțȉȟȈȚȣȍ
șȚȍȕȣ ȝȘȈȔȣ« ǰ ȥȚȖ ȉȍȏ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȉȍȏ ȒȖȕȞȈ«
ǷȖȚȖȔ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ǵȤȦȚȖȕȈ« ǬȈ ȕȍ șȔȍȑȚȍșȤ — ǵȤȦȚȖȕȈ
ȎȐȊȖȋȖ ǵȤȦȚȖȕȈ — Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ ȊȖȚ șȦȌȈ șȍȓ ȏȈ ȥȚȖȚ șȚȖȓ Ȑ
ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ șȖ ȔȕȖȑ« ǷȖȚȖȔ ȉȣȓ ǵȈȗȖȓȍȖȕ ǹȖȒȘȈȚ« ǷȖȚȖȔ
ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ« ȅȚȐ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ« ȚȈȒȐȝ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ ȕȍȚ — ȥȚȖ ȕȍ ȘȈ-
ȜȈȥȓȍȊșȒȐȍ ȕȍ ȋȘȍȏȖȊșȒȐȍ ȋȖȓȖȊȒȐ — ȥȚȖ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȕȍșȘȈȊ-
ȕȍȕȕȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȋȘȈȞȐȖȏȕȖȍ ȉȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ« ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȊȈȔ Ȋȣ-
ȘȈȏȐȚȤ — ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ

221
— ȇ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȓ ș ȕȐȔȐ« ǶȌȐȕ Ȍțȝ Ȕȕȍ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ
ȍșȓȐ ȧ ȍȡȍ șȌȍȓȈȦ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐȍȔȖȊ ȧ țȊȐȎț ȕȍșȘȈȊ-
ȕȍȕȕȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟțȌȕȣȍ ȊȍȡȐ« ǰ ȧ ȊȍȘȦ Ȋ ȥȚȖ«
XIII
ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȌȊȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȌȧȌȧ șȓȖȊȕȖ Ȋ ȊȖȌț ȒȈȕțȓ ȕȍ ȗȖ-
ȒȈȏȣȊȈȓșȧ ȕȐ ț ȕȈș ȕȐ ț ǷȍȓȍȍȊȈ ǴȈȕȍ ȗȘȐșȓȈȓ Ȗȕ ȓȈȒȖ-
ȕȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȏȈȗȐșȒț ©ǬȍȘȎț ȥȒȏȈȔȍȕȣ ȒȈȒ ȖșȊȖȉȖȎțșȤ —
ȚȖȚȟȈș ȗȘȐȌțª ǵȖ ȌȕȐ ȠȓȐ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓ ©ǺțȚ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ
ȌȘțȋȖȍª — ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȈ ǴȈȕȧ
ȇ ȗȘȐȍȝȈȓ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ș ǷȍȓȍȍȊȣȔ Ȑ ȖȉȈ Ȕȣ Ȋ Ȑșȗțȋȍ Ȗș-
ȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȐșȤ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȈȔ ȕȈȊșȚȘȍȟț ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ ȌȧȌȧ Ƕȕ ȉȣȓ
ȉȓȍȌȍȕ ȐșȝțȌȈȓ ȋȓȈȏȈ ȊȊȈȓȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖȌ ȕȐȔȐ ȉȣȓȐ ȚȍȔȕȣȍ
ȒȘțȋȐ — ȕȍ ȚȖȚ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȕȍ ȚȈ țȓȣȉȒȈ
— ǿȚȖ ș ȊȈȔȐ" — ȊȖșȒȓȐȒȕțȓ ǷȍȓȍȍȊ
— ǵȍȏȌȖȘȖȊȐȚșȧ — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ șȐȓȧșȤ țȓȣȉȕțȚȤșȧ
— ǶȚȟȍȋȖ ȟȚȖ ș ȊȈȔȐ ȉȣȓȖ"
— ȇ« ȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓ ȋȈȠȐȠ Ȑ Ȋ țșȐȓȍȕȕȣȝ
ȌȖȏȈȝ«
— ǵȈȌȖ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ«
— ǬȈ ȧ țȎ ȍȏȌȐȓ« — Ƕȕ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ șȖȔȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȚȘȧȝȕțȓ
ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ — ǷȖșȒȖȘȍȑ ȉȣ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȥȒȏȈȔȍȕȈȔ ȌȈ șȒȖ-
Șȍȑ ȗȘȖȟȤ ȖȚșȦȌȈ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȊȖȏȌțȝ ȖȎȐȊȐȚ
Ȕȍȕȧ« Ǩ ȚȖ șȖȊșȍȔ ȘȈȏȊȐȕȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊț ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍȑȌȍȚ«
ǪȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȔ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȔ ȗȖȓȏȍȚ ȟȍȘȍȗȈȝȖȑ
— Ȋșȍ ȚȖȟȕȖ șȗȐȚ ȒȘțȋȖȔ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȚȐȕȖȑ ȗȖȌȍȘȕțȓȖșȤ« ȖȚȊȘȈ-
ȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ǵț, ȌȈ ȈȊȖșȤ ȌȍȕȤȒȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȘȐ ȖȗȘȈȊ-
ȓȦșȤ
ǰ ȚȖȟȕȖ — Ȓ ȥȒȏȈȔȍȕȈȔ Ȗȕ șȚȈȓ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȉȖȌȘȍȍ ȎȐȊȍȍ
ȋȓȈȏȈ ȏȈșȊȍȚȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț
ǵȈșȚțȗȐȓȐ ȥȒȏȈȔȍȕȣ Ƕȕ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȏȈȑȚȐ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ Ȓ
ȕȈȔ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȈȠȍȓ ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ — ȍȋȖ ȕȍȚ ǹȢȍȏ-
ȌȐȓȐ Ȓ ȕȍȔț — ȌȖȔȈ ȚȖȎȍ ȕȍȚ«
ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȖȌȕȈȎȌȣ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȠȍȓ Ǫșȍ ȋȓȈȏȈ țșȚȈȊȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ
ȕȍȋȖ Ȗȕ ȊȖȠȍȓ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ șȘȍȌȐ ȏȈȓȣ Ȑ ȌȖȓȋȐȔ-ȌȖȓȋȐȔ

222
ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ-ȓȦȉȖȊȕȣȔ ȊȏȋȓȧȌȖȔ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ǴȈȕȦ
— ǹȈȠȈ ȟȚȖ Țȣ — ȒȐȕțȓȈșȤ ȖȕȈ Ȓ ȕȍȔț
Ƕȕ ȏȈȌȘȖȎȈȓ ȓȐȞȖ ȍȋȖ ȒȖȕȊțȓȤșȐȊȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȍȘȕțȓȖ Ȗȕ
ȖȚȚȖȓȒȕțȓ ȍȍ ȘțȒț
— ȇ — ȗȘȍȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȕȈȟȈȓ Ȗȕ — ȧ ȥȒȏȈȔȍ-
ȕȈ ȕȍ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȓ« ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȊȣȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ«
— ǶȚȟȍȋȖ« ȟȚȖ Ȏȍ"
— ǻ Ȕȍȕȧ« ȕȍȚ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ« ȧ ȏȈȉȣȓ Ȋșȍ
Ƕȕ ȏȈȠȈȚȈȓșȧ ȏȈȒȘȣȓ ȘțȒȈȔȐ ȓȐȞȖ Ȑ ȏȈȘȣȌȈȓ ȒȈȒ Șȍ-
ȉȍȕȖȒ«
XIV
Ǫșȍ ȘȈȏȓȍȚȍȓȖșȤ ȒȈȒ ȌȣȔ ǪȖȏȌțȠȕȣȍ ȏȈȔȒȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ
ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȊȖȗȓȖȡȈȚȤșȧ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȓȐșȤ ȒȈȒ ȘȈșșȣȗȈȦȚ-
șȧ ȒȈȘȚȖȟȕȣȍ ȌȖȔȐȒȐ ȖȚ ȗȖȘȣȊȈ ȌȖȝȕțȊȠȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȕȐȝ ȊȍȚȘȈ
ǹȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ țȌȈȘȖȔ ȖȚȖȏȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȔ ȒȘțȎȒȍ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ-
șȟȈșȚȤȍ Ǫșȧ ȔȈșșȈ ȓȐȕȋȊȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȏȕȈȕȐȑ șȔȍȠȈȓȈșȤ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȗțȚȈȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȔȖȏȋț șȗȓȖȚȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȖȌȕț ȉȍȏȖȉȘȈȏȕțȦ ȉȍș-
șȔȣșȓȍȕȕțȦ șȔȍșȤ ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ« ǿȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ" ǪȖȏȊȘȈ-
ȚȐȚșȧ ȓȐ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȗȈȔȧȚȤ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȍ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȏȈȚȔȍȕȐȍ — ȕȈ
ȥȚȖ ȌȖȒȚȖȘȈ ȕȍ ȌȈȊȈȓȐ ȖȚȊȍȚȈ
ǫȓȈȊȕȖȍ — Ȋșȍ șȓțȟȐȓȖșȤ ȚȈȒ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȕȍȋȈȌȈȕȕȖ Ǫ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ Ȍȕȍȑ Ȋ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȌȊȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ Ȋșȍ — Ȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȠȍȌȠȍȍ Ȑ ȉțȌțȡȍȍ Ȑ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ șȊȖȌȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȕțȓȤ ȎȐȏȕȤ
ȐșșȧȒȈȍȚ ȖȉȘȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ǰ ȟȚȖ ȍȡȍ ȝțȎȍ ȥȚȖȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȓȐ-
Ƞȍȕȕȣȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ șȘȍȌȐ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȕțȎ-
ȕȣȔ ȝȖȌȧȟȐȔ ȔȍȘȚȊȍȞȖȔ ȉȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ șȍȉȧ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȌȘț-
ȋȐȝ ©ǹȓțȟȈȑª țȕȖșȐȓ ș șȖȉȖȑ ȍȋȖ șȟȈșȚȤȍ ȍȋȖ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȏȈȝ-
ȊȈȚȐȊ ȗȖ ȌȖȘȖȋȍ ȟȈșȚȤ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǪȖȚ ȖȕȈ —
ȓȖȋȐȒȈ șțȌȤȉȣ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȊȖșșȚȈȊȈȓ ȌȧȌȧ«
Ƕ șȊȈȌȤȉȍ ȏȈȔȖȓȒȓȐ ǸȈȏ ǴȈȕȧ ȗȖȌȖȑȌȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȚȐȝȖ
ȗȘȖȊȍȓȈ ȘțȒȖȑ ȗȖ ȍȋȖ ȊȖȓȖșȈȔ Ȑ șȗȘȖșȐȓȈ ©DzȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ Ȋȍȕ-
ȟȈȕȐȍ, ȔȐȓȣȑ?», — Ȗȕ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȍ șȒȘȐȊȐȓ ȘȖȚ Ȋ
țȓȣȉȒț Ȑ, șȝȊȈȚȐȊ Ƞȓȧȗț ȊȣȉȍȎȈȓ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ©Ǻȍȉȍ ȕȍ
ȕțȎȍȕ ȔțȎ — ȐȌȐȖȚ Ȑ ȘȍȉȍȕȖȒª — ȖȚȊȍȚȐȓ Ȗȕ ȍȑ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȑ

223
ȘȈȏǶȕ șȐȌȍȓ ȗȖ ȞȍȓȣȔ ȌȕȧȔ Ȋ țȋȓț — ȉȓȍȌȕȣȑ ȎȍȓȚȣȑ
ȋȓȧȌȧ Ȋ ȗȖȓ ȊȧȓȖ șȖȕȕȖ ȠȍȊȍȓȧșȤ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȗȖȏȌȈȓȈȧ ȔțȝȈ Ȋ
ȋȓțȉȖȒțȦ ȖșȍȕȤ dzȍȕȐȊȖ ȗȖȚȧȋȐȊȈȓ Ȗȕ ȌȣȔ Ȑȏ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȔțȕȌ-
ȠȚțȒȈ Ȉ Ȋșȍ șȊȖȐ ȒȕȐȋȐ Ȑ ȔȈȕțșȒȘȐȗȚȣ ȏȈȉȘȖșȐȓ ǴȈȕȧ
ȗȓȈȒȈȓȈ ȌȕȐ Ȑ ȕȖȟȐ ǷȍȓȍȍȊ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȔȘȈȟȕȣȑ ȚȍȚȧ ȖȝȈȓȈ ȧ
ȗȘȐȚȐȝ ȏȈȉȐȓșȧ Ȋ șȊȖȐ ȋȘȈȔȔȈȚȐȒȐ« ǪȖȒȘțȋ ȌȈȊȐȓȈ Ȋșȍȝ
ȚȧȎȒȈȧ șȊȐȕȞȖȊȈȧ ȈȚȔȖșȜȍȘȈ
ǷȘȖȠȍȓ ȔȍșȧȞ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ǬȧȌȧ ȖȉȢȧȊȐȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ țȍȏȎȈȍȚ Ȓ
șȍșȚȘȍ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊț Ȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ — ȊșȒȖȘȍ țȍȝȈȓ ǺȈȔ Ȗȕ
ȗȖșȚțȗȐȓ ȗȐșȞȖȔ Ȋ ȒȈȒțȦ-ȚȖ ȗȈȓȈȚț ȕȈ ȌȊȈȌȞȈȚȤ ȗȧȚȤ Șțȉ-
ȓȍȑ ȎȈȓȖȊȈȕȤȧ ȕȖ Ȑ ȥȚț șȓțȎȉț ȗȘȐȕțȎȌȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ«
ǴȈȕȧ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȍțȚȍȠȕȈ
XV
ǴȍȓȤȒȕțȓȐ ȋȖȌȣ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈȕȐȧ Ȋ ȋȐȔȕȈȏȐȐ ȔȍȓȤȒ-
ȕțȓȐ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚșȒȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ — Ȑ ȧ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȕȐȞț
ǵȖȊȣȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ ȏȈȚȍȔȕȐȓȐ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȍ — ȌȍȚșȒȐȍ Ȑ ȦȕȖ-
ȠȍșȒȐȍ Ȋ ȟȐșȓȍ Ȑȝ Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȏ ȌȧȌȐ șȚȈȓ ȉȓȍȌȕȍȚȤ ȉȓȍȌȕȍȚȤ
ȖȚȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȏȈȌȕȐȑ ȗȓȈȕ șȚțȠȍȊȣȊȈȚȤșȧ
ǺȍȚȧ ȗȖȒȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȎȐȊȈ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ ȗȐșȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ Ȗ ȕȍȔ ȇ
ȏȕȈȓ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȓȤȏțȍȚșȧ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍȔ ȋȈȠȐȠ ȓȐ
ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȌȓȖȔȐȓȖ ȍȋȖ — Ȗȕ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȒȖȑ-ȒȈȒȐ-
ȔȐ țȘȖȒȈȔȐ ȉȍȌșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȗȐșȈȓ Ȓ ȕȈȔ ȘȍȌȒȖ șȓȖȊȕȖ șȚȣ-
ȌȐȓșȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ
Ǫ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȖȋȖ ȋȖȌȈ ȧ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋ
ǬȈȓȤȕȧȧ ȘȖȌșȚȊȍȕȕȐȞȈ ȗȖșȍȓȐȊȠȈȧșȧ ȗȖșȓȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȚȍȚțȠ-
ȒȐ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȔ ȌȖȔȍ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȓȈ Ȕȕȍ ȞȍȓțȦ ȒȐȗț ȗȐșȍȔ ȗȘȐ-
ȠȍȌȠȐȝ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȐȔȧ ǴȍȎȌț ȗȘȖȟȐȔ, ȖȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚ ȌȧȌȐ ǯȈ
ȕȍȋȖ ȧ ȗȘȐȕȧȓșȧ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ǶȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȋȖ șȖȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȕȐȧ
4-ȋȖ ȕȖȧȉȘȧ-
 ȋ
ǴȐȓȈȧ Ȑ ȌȖȘȖȋȈȧ șȍșȚȘȈ

224
ǬȈȊȕȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȗȐșȈȓ Ȓ ȊȈȔ ȌȈȊȕȖ șȖȉȐȘȈȓșȧ ȕȖ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȔȖȧ
șȓȖȎȐȓȈșȤ ȚȈȒ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȚȈȒ ȕȍțȚȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȈȊȖ, ȕȍ
ȏȕȈȍȠȤ ȟȚȖ Ȑ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȗ șȍȉȍ Ǫșȍ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ ȌȈ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȒȐ —
ȋȘțșȚȕȈȧ ȚȍȔȈ Ȍȓȧ ȗȐșȤȔȈ ǰ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȐȠț Ȓ ȊȈȔ ȕȍ ȗȖȚȖȔț
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȔȖȧ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȈșȤ Ȓ ȓțȟȠȍȔț Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔț, ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ
ȗȘȍȌȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȐșȤȔȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȖȡȈȓȤȕȣȔ Ǫȍș-
ȕȖȑ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ șȍȉȧ ȓțȟȠȍ ȐȔȍȓ ȌȊȈ ȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȣȝ țȘȖȒȈ
ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȝȖȚȤ ȕȍȔȕȖȎȒȖ ȊȏȌȖȝȕțȚȤ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȍȍ Ȑ
ȎȐȚȤ ȒȖȍ-ȒȈȒ ȕȖ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ ȖșȍȕȤ — Ȑ ȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȘȈșȝȊȖȘȈȓșȧ Ȑ
ȔȖȍ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȍ ȚȈȒ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȟȚȖ țȎ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȕȍ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȣȊȈȦ Ȑ
ȗȖȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȍ șȗȈȏȔȣ șȍȘȌȞȈ Ȑ
șȐȓȤȕȍȑȠȍȍ ȕȍȘȊȕȖȍ ȘȈșșȚȘȖȑșȚȊȖ ǶȉȘȈȡȈȓșȧ ȧ ȕȈ Ȍȕȧȝ Ȓ
șȗȍȞȐȈȓȐșȚț ȥȚȐȝ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȑ ǿ


 Ȗȕ șȒȈȏȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȉȍȘȍȚșȧ
ȊȣȓȍȟȐȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȖȔȈȋȕȍȚȐȏȔȖȔ ȕȖ șȗȘȖ-
șȐȓ ȐȔȍȦ ȓȐ ȧ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȏȈȗȓȈȚȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȒțȘș ȓȍȟȍȕȐȧ
ǸȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȍȔț ȌȈȚȤ ȖȚȘȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȖȚȊȍȚ
ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȌȈȎȍ țȘȖȒȖȊ ȔȖȐȝ ȕȍ șȚȈȓȖ Ȑ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ Ȓ ȎȐȏȕȐ șȌȍ-
ȓȈȓȐșȤ ȟȍȘȍșȟțȘ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȕȣ
ǪȖȚ ȊȈȔ Ȑ ȜȐȕȈȓ« ǵȍ ȕȈ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȧ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȣȊȈȓ ǯȈȟȍȔ ȧ
șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȓ" Dz ȟȍȔț ȚȈȒȖȑ ȒȖȕȍȞ" ǬȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ, ȧ ȐșȗȖȓ-
ȕȐȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȍȐșȗȖȊȍȌȐȔȣȑ ȏȈȒȖȕ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ ȐȏȖȉȘȈ-
ȏȐȊ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȞȍȕȚ ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ«
ǹȈȔȣȔ șȊȍȚȓȣȔ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍȔ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ șȚȖȐȚ ȗȍ-
ȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȖȉȘȈȏ ǴȈȕȐ ǶȕȈ ȔȖȑ Ȉȕȋȍȓ-ȝȘȈȕȐȚȍȓȤ — ȊȖș-
ȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧ Ȗ ȕȍȑ Ȑ ȘȈșȚȘȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȔȖȦ ȘȈȕț Ȑ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐ-
ȊȈȦȚ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȔȖȦ ȉȖȌȘȖșȚȤ
ǷȘȖȡȈȑȚȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȐȕȈȑȚȍ ȓȐȝȖȔ ǮȍȓȈȦ ȊȈȔ ȊșȍȋȖ ȓțȟ-
ȠȍȋȖ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ǷȈȊȓțȠȍ Ț ȍ Ȕȕȍ
 ȒȓȈȕȧȦșȤ ȞȍȓțȦ ȍȋȖ —
ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȉȣ ȊȏȋȓȧȕțȚȤ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ țȎ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ Ȗȕ ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ
ǷȘȖșȚȐȚȍ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒ ȗȓȖȝȖ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ȏȘȍȕȐȍ ȖșȓȈȉȓȖ ǭșȓȐ
ȊȏȌțȔȈȍȚȍ ȕȈȗȐșȈȚȤ — ȟȍȔ ȔȕȖȋȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȘȈȌțȍȚȍ — ȔȖȑ
ȈȌȘȍș ǴȖșȒȊȈ ǹȔȖȓȍȕșȒȐȑ ȉțȓȤȊȈȘ HWș.
ǰșȒȘȍȕȕȍ ȓȦȉȧȡȐȑ ȊȈș ȉȘȈȚ
Ǩ ǺȖȋȈȍȊ
ǷȐșȤȔȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖșȓȈȕȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȏȈ ȋȖȌ ȌȖ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȍȏȌȈ
ǮȐȊ ȓȐ Ȗȕ" ǬȖșȚȈȓ ȓȐ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕțȦ șȖȚȕȦ Șțȉ-

ȓȍȑ ȕȈ ȓȍȟȍȕȐȍ"
ȇ ȕȈȊȍȓ șȗȘȈȊȒȐ Ȗȕ țȔȍȘ ǻȔȍȘ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȑ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞȍ
_____
Ǫȣ, ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ, șȗȘȖșȐȚȍ Ȉ ȟȚȖ ǴȈȕȧ" ǶȕȈ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȈ
ȖȚȊȍȟț ȧ ȊȈȔ ǷȘȖȠȓȖȑ ȏȐȔȖȑ ȧ ȊșȚȘȍȚȐȓ ȍȍ Ȋ ǴȈȘȐȐȕșȒȖȔ
ȚȍȈȚȘȍ ȕȈ ȟȤȍȔ-ȚȖ ȉȍȕȍȜȐșȍ ǶȕȈ ȉȣȓȈ ș ȔțȎȍȔ ȊȣșȖȒȐȔ
ȚȖȡȐȔ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ șȚȈȘȣȔ ȋȖșȗȖȌȐȕȖȔ ș țȔȕȣȔ ȗȓț-
ȚȖȊȈȚȣȔ ȓȐȞȖȔ Ȑ ȉȍȋȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȒȈȔȐ ǶȕȈ ȚȈȒ ȊȍșȍȓȖ ș
ȚȈȒȖȑ ȔȐȓȖȑ țȓȣȉȒȖȑ ȉȖȓȚȈȓȈ ș ȕȐȔ Ȋ ȈȕȚȘȈȒȚȈȝ ȟȚȖ, ȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȖșȤ, ȕȈȌ ȍȍ Ȋșȍ ȍȡȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȕȤȒȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȒȖȑ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȐ-
ȒȈȒȐȝ ȉțȘȤ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȕȖșȐȓȖșȤ ǰ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓșȧ ȓȐ ȍȑ Ȋ
ȚȖȚ ȊȍȟȍȘ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ țȉȖȋȐȑ ȒȘȍșȚ ȕȈ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȔ ȔȖșȒȖȊșȒȖȔ
ȒȓȈȌȉȐȡȍ ȊȍșȤ ȏȈȘȣȚȣȑ șȕȍȋȖȊȣȔȐ ȉțȋȘȈȔȐ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȔȍȓȈ
ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȕȍȋȖ ȏȐȔȕȧȧ ȊȤȦȋȈ«
ǰ ȊȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȧ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȍȍ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖ« ǬȈ Ȑ ȕȍ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ Ȕȣ
ȝȖȌȐȔ Ȋ ȚȍȈȚȘ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȌțȔȈȚȤ Ȗ șȔȍȘȚȐ«

ǷǸǰdzǶǮǭǵǰȇ

Ȍ ǿȎȐȖȥ
Ǽ DzdzǷǿȀǰǶǶ DZǮȆǶȆǮ
ǻǮ ȅdzǹǼǰdzȅdzǿǸǶǷ
ǼǾDZǮǻǶǵǺ

228
ǯȈȋȈȌȖȟȕȖșȚȤ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȕȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ ȖȘȋȈ-
ȕȐȏȔ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧ ș ȕȐȔ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȍ ȍȎȍ-
ȌȕȍȊȕȖ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȧȦȡȍȍșȧ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȔȍȎȌț ȎȐ-
ȚȍȓȧȔȐ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ — Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȋȈȠȐȠ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȖȔ ȊȖȏ-
ȉțȎȌȈȦȡȐȔ ȐșȚȐȕȕȣȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍș Ȑ ȊșȍȖȉȡȍȍ ȓȦȉȖȗȣȚșȚȊȖ Ȉ
ȔȍȎ ȚȍȔ ȕȈȠȍ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ ȔȈȓȖ Ȑ ȕȍȖșȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖ ș
ȍȋȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍȔ ȖȌȕȐ ȏȕȈȦȚ Ȗȉ ȕȍȔ Ȑȏ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ Ȑ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȍ Ȗ
ȋȈȠȐȠȐȕȈȝ ȚȈȒ ȚȍșȕȖ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȖȍ ș șȓȖȊȖȔ ©DVVDVVLQª ȕȈ-
ȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȗ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȝ țȉȐȑșȚȊȈȝ ȗȖȘȖȎȌȍȕ-
ȕȣȝ ȥȚȐȔ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ șȘȍȌșȚȊȖȔ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȏȕȈȦȚ Ȗȉ ȕȍȔ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȈȔ ȚțȘȐșȚȖȊ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȔȈȓȖȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ
Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȝțȎȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȘȍțȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȕȣȔ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ șȖȝȘȈ-
ȕȐȓȐ Ȗȉ ȕȍȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȖȍ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ Ȑȏ ©ǴȖȕ-
Țȍ-DzȘȐșȚȖª ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȏȕȈȦȚ Ȗȉ ȕȍȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȕȈș-
ȓȣȠȒȍ Ȑ șȓȖȊȖ ȋȈȠȐȠ Ȍȓȧ ȕȐȝ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȚȖȎȍ ȟȚȖ DSKURGL-
VLDFXV ȐȓȐ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ șȊȧȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ț ȕȐȝ ș ȗȖȕȧȚȐȍȔ Ȗ șȘȍȌ-
șȚȊȍ ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȡȍȔ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȍ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȧ
ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȐȔ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȊȣȉȖȘ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȔȍȚȈ șȚȈȚȤȐ ȔȖȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȕȍ ȖȚȚȖȓȒȕȍȚ ȟȐ-
ȚȈȚȍȓȍȑ ©ǨȚȍȕȍȧª șȊȖȐȔ ȔȍȌȐȞȐȕșȒȐȔ ȏȈȋȓȈȊȐȍȔ țȎ ȗȖȚȖ-
Ȕț ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ ȐȌȍȚ Ȗ ȋȈȠȐȠȍ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȚȈȒ
ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȖ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȕȣȝ Ȋȍȡȍȑ
ǫȈȠȐȠ ȍșȚȤ ȈȘȈȉșȒȖȍ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧ Ȑȏ-
ȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȕȈțȒȍ ȗȖȌ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ Cannabis indica Ȑ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȝȖȌ-
ȕȖȋȖ ș ȕȈȠȍȑ ȒȖȕȖȗȓȍȑ — Cannabis sativa ȅȚȖȚ ȊȐȌ ȒȖȕȖ-
ȗȓȐ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȉȍȏ ȊȖȏȌȍȓȒȐ Ȋ ǰȕȌȐȐ Ȑ ȦȎȕȖȑ
ǨȏȐȐ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ ȌȈȓ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑ-
șȒȖȑ ȒȖȕȖȗȓȍ ȊȣȊȍȏȍȕȕȖȑ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ Ȑȏ DzȐȚȈȧ ȚȖ Ȑȏ ǰȕȌȐȐ
Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȡȍȑ Ȓ ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ șȍȔȍȑșȚȊț Ȑ ȘȖȌț ǸȈȏȓȐȟȐȧ
ȔȍȎȌț ȕȐȔȐ șȈȔȣȍ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕȣȍ Ȑ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȕȣ Ȋ șȚȍȉ-
ȓȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ - ȜțȚȖȊ ȊȣȠȐȕȣ Ȑ ȖȚ ȖșȕȖ-
ȊȈȕȐȧ ȗțșȒȈȍȚ ȊȍȚȊȐ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ șȐȌȧȡȐȍ ȕȈ
șȚȍȉȓȍ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȊȖȓȖȒȖȕ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȕȣ ȊȐȌȐȔ ȕȈ șȚȍȉȓȍ ȍȊ-
ȘȖȗȍȑșȒȖȑ ȒȖȕȖȗȓȐ Ȑ ȏȈȗȈȝ ȍȍ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ șȓȈȉȍȍ
ǹȈȔȣȑ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ ȗȘȍȗȈȘȈȚ ȋȈȠȐ-
ȠȈ șȖșȚȖȐȚ Ȑȏ ȎȐȘȕȖȋȖ ȥȒșȚȘȈȒȚȈ1 șȓțȎȈȡȍȋȖ ȖșȕȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȍȔ Ȋșȍȝ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ șȔȍșȍȑ Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȘȐ-
ȉȈȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȗȘȧȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȘȖȠȖȒ ȠȗȈȕșȒȐȝ Ȕțȝ

229
ș ȞȍȓȤȦ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȚȤ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ șȜȍȘȖȑ Ǫ ǰȕȌȐȐ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȓȧȦȚ Ȑ ȖȗȐțȔ2,
ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ, Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉ țșȐȓȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȖȌțȘȧȦȡȍȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ
ǰȏ Ȋșȍȝ șȔȍșȍȑ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕȕȈȧ ȔȍȎ-
Ȍț ȈȘȈȉȈȔȐ ȗȖȌ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ 'DZDPHVN¶Ȉ
ǵȈ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȍȚșȧ ȋȈȠȐȠ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȧȚ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȕȍȘȊȕȖȑ șȐșȚȍȔȣ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȖșȖȉȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖȋȖ Ȋ ȎȈȘȒȖȔ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȔ ȒȓȐȔȈȚȍ ȋȌȍ
ȊȍȟȕȖȍ ȋȕȍȚțȡȍȍ șȖȓȕȞȍ ȋȌȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ ȋȖȌȈ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ șȔȍ-
ȕȧȦȚșȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȑ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȋȌȍ Ȑ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȕȍ Ȋȣ-
ȝȖȌȧȚ Ȑȏ ȖȌȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȑ Ȑ ȓȍȕȐȊȖȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ
ȊȣȏȣȊȈȚȤ Ȑȝ Ȑȏ ȥȚȖȑ ȚȖȘȗȐȌȕȖșȚȐ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȌȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ
ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȣȔ șȚȐȔțȓȖȔ ǭșȓȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȕȈȠȍȔ ȉȓȈ-
ȋȖȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȔ ȒȓȐȔȈȚȍ ȗȘȐ ȊșȍȖȉȢȍȔȓȦȡȍȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ
ȌȈȦȡȍȑ ȗȐȡț ȊșȍȔ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȐȧȔ ȕȈȚțȘȣ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȑ ȍș-
ȓȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȕȈȠȍȔ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȟȐȊȖȔ ȔȕȖȋȖșȚȖ-
ȘȖȕȕȍȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȍ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȕȣ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȔ ȍȡȍ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ Ȑș-
ȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȧȝ — țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȍȔ ȚȈȉȈȒ ȒȖȜȍȑ
ȟȈȑ Ȑ șȗȐȘȚȕȣȍ ȕȈȗȐȚȒȐ — ȚȖ ȒȈȒ Ȏȍ ȕȍșȟȈșȚȕȖȔț ȈȘȈȉț
ȐȕȌȐȑȞț ȚțȘȒț ȕȍ ȐșȒȈȚȤ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȐȓȤȕȣȝ ȊȖȏȉțȌȐȚȍȓȍȑ Ȋ
ȖȗȐțȔȍ Ȑ ȋȈȠȐȠȍ" ǻȔȍȘȍȕȕȖȍ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȐȝ șȘȍȌșȚȊ
ȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣ ȉȣȚȤ Ȍȓȧ ȕȐȝ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȓȍȏȕȖ ȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȖȚȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȚȤ
ȥȚț ȗȖȓȤȏț ȖȚ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȧ ȊȖ ȏȓȖ" ǭșȓȐ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȚȈȒ ȘȍȌȒȖ
ȘȍȠȈȍȔșȧ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȚȤ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȍȑ ȟȍȘȚț ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ
ȕȈȔ ȗȘȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȘȈșșțȌȖȒ ȍșȓȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐ șȈȔȣȝ ȊȣȋȖȌȕȣȝ
țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȕȈȔ ȚȈȒ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȉȖȘȖȚȤșȧ ș ȕȈȠȐȔȐ ȕȈȒȓȖȕ-
ȕȖșȚȧȔȐ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȣȟȒȈȔȐ — ȒȈȒȈȧ Ȏ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȋȈȘȈȕȚȐȧ ȏȈ
ȕȍȘȈȏȊȐȚȣȔ ȐȏȕȍȎȍȕȕȣȔ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȖȉȐȚȈȚȍȓȍȔ ǪȖș-
ȚȖȒȈ" ǰ ȥȚȖ ȏȓȖțȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȍ ȖȗȐțȔȈ Ȑ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȥȗȐȜȍȕȖȔȍȕȖȔ ȚȖȋȖ ȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ ǪȖș-
ȚȖȒȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȍȚșȧ ȔȕȖȋȖȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȍȑȠȐȔȐ ȜȈȒȚȈȔȐ
ȌȖȔȈȠȕȍȑ Ȑ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȘȍȏțȓȤ-
ȚȈȚȖȔ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȔȕȖȋȖșȓȖȎȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȟȐȕ ȗȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȑ ȟȈșȚȐ
ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ — ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȍ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȕȐȍ Țȍȝ
ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȣȝ Ȑ țȕȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȖȊ țșȚȘȈȕȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȝ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐ ȊȕȍȠȕȍȔ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȐ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȐ țȟȈșȚȐȐ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑȞȍȊ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖȔ Ȋ Ȍȍ-
ȓȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȖȉȡȍȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊ

230
ǶșȚȈȊȐȊ ȗȘȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȓȐ ǵȍȗȍȕȚȍș ǫȖ-
ȔȍȘȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ǭȓȍȕȈ țȋȖȡȈȍȚ ǺȍȓȍȔȈȒȈ șȖșȚȖȧȓ Ȑȏ ȐȕȌȍȑ-
șȒȖȑ ȒȖȕȖȗȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȚȖ ȌȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓ ȍȡȍ Ȋ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȕȣȕȍȠȕȍȋȖ
șȚȖȓȍȚȐȧ 9LUH\ — Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȔ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȊȍȘȕȣȝ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȑ
ȟȚȖȉȣ șȊȖȑșȚȊȈ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȉȣȓȐ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣ ȌȘȍȊȕȐȔ ǵȈȌȖ Ȍț-
ȔȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȈ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ șȌȍȓȈ-
ȓȖșȤ ȊșȍȖȉȡȐȔ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȍȡȍ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȘȍșȚȖȊȣȝ
ȗȖȝȖȌȖȊ ȖȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȍȒȘȍȚȖȔ ȕȍȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȓȐȞ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȊ-
ȠȐȝșȧ ȐȔ Ȋ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȈȝ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȚȡȍșȓȈȊȐȧ Ȑ ȜȈȕȈȚȐȏȔȈ $X-
gustin Thierry3 ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ ©ȗȖȌ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ ȋȈșșȈșȐȕȖȊ
KDVVDVVLV
 ȐȓȐ ȈșșȈșșȐȕȖȊ DVVDVVLQV
 ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȘȍșȚȖȊȣȝ
ȗȖȝȖȌȖȊ șȓȣȓȐ Ȋ ǭȊȘȖȗȍ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȖȏȕȣȍ ȜȈȕȈȚȐȒȐ-ȔțșțȓȤ-
ȔȈȕȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋ ȕȈȌȍȎȌȍ țȌȖșȚȖȐȚȤșȧ ȘȈȧ ȎȍȘȚȊȖȊȈȓȐ șȖ-
ȉȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȊȘȈȋȖȊ șȊȖȍȑ ȊȍȘȣ Ǫșȍ ȊȖ-
Ȗȉȡȍ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȊȍȘȐȓȐ ȟȚȖ Ȋ țȡȍȓȤȧȝ dzȐȊȈȕșȒȐȝ ȖȉȐȚȈȓȖ Ȟȍ-
ȓȖȍ ȗȓȍȔȧ ȥȚȐȝ ȥȕȚțȏȐȈșȚȖȊ ȗȖȌ ȗȘȍȌȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ ȊȖȎ-
Ȍȧ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȌ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ “ǹȚȈȘȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȞȈ” (le Vieux de la
0RQWDJQH
 ȗȖ ȏȕȈȒț ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȊȈșșȈȓȣ ȍȋȖ ș ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȖȔ șȉȍ-
ȋȈȓȐșȤ ȕȈ șȔȍȘȚȤ ǹȓȖȊȖ KDVFKLVFKL ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ Ȑȝ
ȗȖ-ȈȘȈȉșȒȐ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ ȖȚ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȧ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȖȗȤȧȕȧȦȡȍ-
ȋȖ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧ ȟȈșȚȖ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȧȍȔȖȋȖ ȐȔȐ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȦ-
ȡȍȍ ȐȓȐ ȖȌțȘȧȦȡȍȍ șȘȍȌșȚȊȖ ǷȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȖȌȕȖ ȐȔȧ ȥȚȐȝ
ȓȦȌȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȗȖȘȈȎȈȓȐ ȒȐȕȎȈȓȖȔ țȔȍȘȡȊȓȧ-
ȓȐ ȊȖȎȌȍȑ șȘȍȌȐ Ȑȝ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ șȖȓȌȈȚ Ȑ ȊȍșȍȓȖ țȔȐȘȈȓȐ
ȓȐȠȤ ȉȣ țȌȈȘ Ȑȝ ȊȍȘȕȖ ȉȣȓ ȕȈȕȍșȍȕ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋȕț-
ȠȈȚȤ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ țȎȈș ȒȘȍșȚȖȕȖșȞȈȔ Ȑ ȗȐȓȐȋȘȐȔȈȔ ǶȕȐ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȖșȐȓȐ ȖȚȚțȌȈ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȎȐȊȖȍ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍ Ȗ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȔ șȓȖ-
Ȋȍ ȈșșȈșșȐȕȖȊ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ șȓȖȊȖ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȍȡȍ ȕȖȊȖȍ șȒȖȘȖ
șȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȔ Ȑ șȈȔȣȍ ȕȍȓȍȗȣȍ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ȗȉ țȉȐȑ-
șȚȊȈȝ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ț ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȌȖȊȍȘȐȍȔª
ǰșȚȖȘȐȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȟȚȖ ©ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ȋȖȘȍȞª ș ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ ȋȈ-
ȠȐȠȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȕȈ ȌțȠȐ Țȍȝ ȔȖȓȖȌȣȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ
Ȗȕ ȐȏȉȐȘȈȓ ȖȘțȌȐȧȔȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȜȈȕȈȚȐȏȔȈ Ȕȣ ȗȖșȚȈȘȈȍȔșȧ
ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȉȈșȕȖșȓȖȊȕȖȋȖ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȧ ȗȘȐ
ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ șȒȈȎȍȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȐȔȍȍȔ
ȗȖȓȕȖȍ ȗȘȈȊȖ ȊȍȘȐȚȤ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȋȈȠȐȠȐȕȣ ȗȖ ȏȕȈȒț ȊȖȎȌȧ
ȕȐȏȊȍȘȋȈȓȐ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȐ ȒȐȌȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȖȋȖȕȤ ȊȖȕȏȈȓȐ
ȒȐȕȎȈȓ șȍȉȍ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ȐȓȐ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȕȍȊȏȐȘȈȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȍ-

231
ȗȧȚșȚȊȐȧ Ȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȦ ȊȖȎȌȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȖȘȈ-
ȎȈȚȤ ȊȖȎȌȍȑ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȍȓȤșȒȐȝ Ȋ Ȑȝ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȟȍȘȚȖȋȈȝ
șȘȍȌȐ ȚȖȓȗȣ Ȑȝ ȉȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ șȚȘȈȎȐ4 ǿțȌȍșȕȖșȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȊȓȐȧȕȐȧ ȊȍșȤȔȈ țȗȘȖȡȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȔȍȘȍ ȐȏțȟȍȕȐȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ
ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȕȈ ȔȖȏȋ ȕȖ ȗȖȒȈ Ȕȣ ȊȣȊȍȌȍȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȖ ȏȈȒȓȦ-
ȟȍȕȐȍ Ȋ șȘȍȌȕȐȍ ȊȍȒȈ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȍ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȍȡȍ
ȗȖȊșȍȔȍșȚȕȖ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕȖ ȕȈ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ Ȑ șȊȖȑșȚȊȈ ȍȋȖ ȍȡȍ
ȕȍ ȊȍȏȌȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊșȍȔ ȉȣȓȐ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣ ȕȖ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ țȗȖ-
ȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ șȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ ȖȉȣȟȕȣȔ ȔȍȎȌț ȐȕȌȐȑȞȈȔȐ ȈȘȈ-
ȉȈȔȐ Ȑ ȚțȘȒȈȔȐ ț ȗȍȘȊȣȝ Ȗȕ ȐȏȊȍșȚȍȕ ȗȖȌ ȐȔȍȕȍȔ %DQTXH
ț ȊȚȖȘȣȝ — KDFKLVFK ț ȚȘȍȚȤȐȝ — Malach.
ǷȍȘȊȣȍ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȈțȟȕȣȍ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȐ
ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȣ Ȋ ǭȊȘȖȗȍ ȖȚ ȈȕȋȓȐȑșȒȐȝ ȊȘȈȟȍȑ ȗȖșȍȓȐȊ-
ȠȐȝșȧ Ȋ ǰȕȌȐȐ ȗȖȚȖȔ ș ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ Ȋ ȍȊ-
ȘȖȗȍȑșȒȐȝ ȈȗȚȍȒȈȝ ȊȘȈȟȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈȞȐȑ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȓȐ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ șȍ-
ȘȤȍȏȕȖȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ Ȑ șȚȈȓȐ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȕȈ ȏȌȖ-
ȘȖȊȣȑ Ȑ ȉȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔ Ȑ ȋȈȠȐȠ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȏȈȕȧȓ ȗȖȟȍȚ-
ȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȋ ȘȧȌț ȕȈȘȒȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ șȘȍȌșȚȊ ǰȏ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȝ
ȊȘȈȟȍȑ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ 0RUHDX GH 7RXUV
 șȗȖșȖȉșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȕȈțȟ-
ȕȖȔț ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȦ ȕȈȘȒȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ șȊȖȑșȚȊ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȧ
ȐȔȍȊȠȐ șȓțȟȈȑ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ șȗȍȘȊȈ ȕȈ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ
Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȑ Ȋ ȖȚȍȟȍșȚȊȍ șȊȖȍȔ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ șȍȉȍ Ȑ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȊȘȈ-
ȟȈȝ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊȘȈȟȈȝ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȤȕȣȝ-țȔȈȓȐȠȍȕȕȣȝ Ȋ
ǩȐșȍȚȘȍ ǸȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȖȔ ȥȚȐȝ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȑ ȧȊȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ  ȋȖ-
Ȍț ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȍ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȋȈȠȐȠȍ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȖ
ȗȖȓȕȖȚȍ ȊȍȘȕȖșȚȐ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȓȍȋȒȖșȚȐ ȐȏȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ Ǫ
ȕȈȠȍȑ ȓȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȍ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȖȚȘȣȊȒȖȊ ȕȍȖȉșȚȖȧ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȕȍȖȉșțȎȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑ ȗȘȍțȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍȚ Ȗ
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȝȖȚȧ 0RUHDX ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ
ȓȐȟȕȣȑ ȖȗȣȚ ȏȈ ȒȘȐȚȍȘȐțȔ ȐșȚȐȕȣ Ȑ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȍ ȐșȗȣȚȈȊȠȐȝ
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ țșȚȘȈȕȧȍȚ ȖȚ șțȎȌȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȕȍȔ5 ȧ ȌțȔȈȦ
ȟȚȖ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȈȔȐ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȌȈȚȤ
ȗȖȓȕȖȍ Ȑ ȧșȕȖȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȍ Ȗ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȐ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȚȈȒ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑ
Ȗ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȐ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ
ǵȈȟȕȍȔ ș ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȈȗȚȍȒȈȝ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȘȍȌȒȖ ȊșȚȘȍ-
ȟȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȐȑ ȋȈȠȐȠ ȗȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȑ ȟȈșȚȐ, ȥȚȖ șȗȐȘȚȕȣȑ
ȥȒșȚȘȈȒȚ ȐȕȌȍȑșȒȖȑ ȒȖȕȖȗȓȐ ȊȣȘȖșȠȍȑ ȕȈ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȖȑ
ȗȖȟȊȍ Ȑ ȟȘȍȏ ȥȚȖ țȚȘȈȚȐȊȠȍȑ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȟȈșȚȤ șȊȖȐȝ ȕȈȘȒȖ-

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ȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ șȊȖȑșȚȊ ǶȚȚȖȋȖ Ȑ ȔȕȍȕȐȧ ț ȕȈș ȚȈȒ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣ Ȗ
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ Ȑ Ȗ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍ6 ȗȖȚȘȍȉȕȖȔ Ȍȓȧ
ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȐ ǼȈȕȚȈȏȐȍȑ Ȋ dzȍȊȈȕȚȍ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ
ȗȖȓȕȖȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȚȍȘȔȐȕ ȥȚȖȚ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȔ ȊȍșȤȔȈ
ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȍȓȍȕ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȋȓȈȊȕȍȑȠȍȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ
ȊȣȘȈȎȈȍȚșȧ ȟȘȍȏȔȍȘȕȣȔ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ Ȋșȍȝ țȔșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑ
ȈȜȜȍȒȚȐȊȕȣȝ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȍȑ ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍȚȘȖȕțȚȣȔ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȈȠȍ ȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȖȉȍȏȖȘț-
ȎȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȈșșȐȊȕȣȔ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȍȔ șȈȔȖȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȓȤȕȖȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖșȚȐ Ȋșȍȝ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȍȑ ȊȈȠȐȝ ȅȚȖ ȗȈșșȐȊȕȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ
ȊȈȠȍȑ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐ ș ȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ șȈȔȖȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȓȤȕȈȧ Ȑ ȖȚ
ȚȖȋȖ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȈȧ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȍȑ
ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȌȈȦȚ țȎȍ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȧșȕȖȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȍ Ȗ ȚȖȔ
ȟȍȋȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȖȎȐȌȈȚȤ ȖȚ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȕȈ ȔȖȏȋ ȅȚȖ ȘȧȌ
ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȝ șȕȖȊ ȉȍȏ șȕȈ ȥȚȖ șȕȣ ȕȈȧȊț ǪȍșȤȔȈ ȏȈȔȍȟȈ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȧȊȓȧȍȚ-
șȧ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȊȍșȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȓȐȞȈ șȖș-
ȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȏȘȈȟȒȖȊ ȗțȓȤșȈ — Ȋșȍ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖȒȈ Ȋ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȔ
șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍȍ șȈȔȖȖȡțȡȍȕȐȍ ȐȏȔȍȕȧȍȚșȧ
ȊȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȘȍȌȒȖ ȗȘȈȊȌȈ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȍȚ șȔȍȝ ȉȍȏ
ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ ȕȖ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȊșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ ȊȍșȍȓȖȋȖ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȧ Ȉ Ȋ
ȗȖȓȕȖȔ șȔȣșȓȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ Ȑ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȌȈȎȍ
ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȖȌȈ ȍȔț ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȍ
Ȋ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȕȍȘȊȖȊ ȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ IDX[-fuyant,
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȕȧȚ-
ȕȣȔ Ȑ ȓțȟȠȍ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȉȍȏ ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚȈȘȐȍȊ șȖ șȔȍȝȖȔ
ȐșȚȍȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȈ ȍȍ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȐ ǷȖ-
șȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊșȒȖȘȍ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȍȚ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȉȍȏȖȚȟȍȚȕȖȍ ȘȈșșȍȧȕ-
ȕȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȧȧ ȗțșȚȖȚȈ ȏȈȊȐșȧȡȈȧ ȖȚ
ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ȘȈȏȉȘȖȌȈ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȘȍȌȍȦȚ Ȋșȍ ȉȖ-
ȓȍȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȉ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ șȚȈȕȖȊȧȚșȧ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȧș-
ȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȘȍȏȒȖ-ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȗțȓȤș ȗȖȊȣȠȈȍȚșȧ șȚȈ-
ȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȟȈȡȍ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ ȊȣȘȈȎȈȍȚșȧ ȋȓțȉȖȒȈȧ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȌȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ șȔȍȕȧȍȚșȧ ȊȣȘȈȎȍ-
ȕȐȍȔ ȘȈȌȖșȚȐ ȐȏțȔȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȊȖșȚȖȘȋȈ ǺțȚ șȈȔȣȍ ȔȐȔȖȓȍȚ-
ȕȣȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȣ Ȑ ȓȐȞȈ ȖȌȕȐ ȏȈ ȌȘț-
ȋȐȔȐ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȧȚ ȕȈ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ Ȋ șȈȔȣȝ ȧȘȒȐȝ ȟȍȘȚȈȝ Ȑ ȕȈ ȖȌȐȕ
ȕȍțȓȖȊȐȔȣȑ ȔȐȋ ȉȍșȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖ șȔȍȕȧȧșȤ Ȋșȍ ȕȖȊȣȔȐ ȒȈȒ

233
ȉȣ ȊȣȚȍșȕȧȧ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ ȥȚȖ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ Ȋșȍ ȉȣ-
șȚȘȍȍ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȐ -ȝ -ȝ ȔȐȕțȚ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ șȚȈȕȖȊȧȚșȧ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȍțȓȖȊȐȔȣȔȐ ȕȖ ȚȍȔ
ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȧȘȒȖ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ ǷțȓȤș Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ
ȌȖșȚȐȋȈȍȚ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȊȌȘțȋ - țȌȈȘȖȊ Ȋ ȔȐȕțȚț Ȑ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕ-
ȕȍȍ șȈȔȖȖȡțȡȍȕȐȍ ȐȏȔȍȕȧȍȚșȧ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȖ șȔȖȚȘȧ
ȗȖ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȔ Ȑ ȓȐȞȈȔ ȕȖ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȑ ȟȈșȚȐ șȓțȟȈȍȊ
șȖșȚȖȐȚ Ȋ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȐ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȔȍȓȤȟȈȑȠȍȋȖ ȌȘȖȎȈȕȐȧ Ȋșȍȝ
ȖȘȋȈȕȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȜȐȉȘ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ șȒȖȘȖ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȖȕȍȔȍȕȐȍ
șȗȍȘȊȈ ȔȍșȚȈȔȐ Ȉ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȊșȍȔȍșȚȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȐșȗȣȚȈȚȍȓȤ
ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȍȚ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ǷȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȒȈȒ ȔȕȖȋȖ
șȘȍȌșȚȊ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȈȍȚ ȟȘȍȏ ȥȚȖ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐ
ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍ-ȔȍȕȕȖȔ ȕȈșȐȓȤșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȌțȝȖȊ-
ȕȣȝ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȍȑ7 ȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȍȚ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ șȚȍșȕȧȚȤ Ȑ
țȓȐȟȈȚȤ ȉȍșȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖ ȌȖȒțȟȓȐȊȈȧ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȚȖ
ȗȘȐȚțȗȓȧȍȚșȧ șȖȊȔȍșȚȕȖ ȊȒțș Ȑ ȖȉȖȕȧȕȐȍ Ȉ ȏȘȍȕȐȍ Ȑ șȓțȝ
ȚȈȒ ȏȈȕȧȚȣ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȔ șȗȍȒȚȈȒȓȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȐȔ ȕȍ ȌȖ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȝ
ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȑ Ȋȣ șȔȖȚȘȐȚȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȐȚȍ șȓțȠȈȍȚȍ Ȑ ȕȍ șȓȣ-
ȠȐȚȍ — ȊȐȌȐȚȍ Ȑ șȓȣȠȐȚȍ ȐȕȈȟȍ ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ ȏȘȍȕȐȍ Ȑ șȓțȝ
ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȦȚ șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ șȖ șȚȍȗȍȕȤȦ ȕȈȠȍȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȕȐȧ Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ș ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȋȓȈȏȈȔȐ Ȑ
ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȐ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȧȊ-
ȓȧȦȚșȧ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȌȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ șȊȍȚȓȣȍ ȗȘȖȔȍȎțȚȒȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ
ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȈȝ Ȑ
ȚȖȋȌȈ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ ȊȍȘȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȦȚșȧ ȋȓȈȏȖȔ Ȑ țȝȖȔ ȕȖ ȥȚȐ
ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ ȖșȚȈȦȚșȧ ȕȍȖȉșțȎȍȕȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȉȣȊȈȦȚ ȐȓȐ ȊȖȊșȍ
ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȍȕȣ, ȐȓȐ Ȏȍ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȚ șȈȔȣȍ ȗȘȐȟțȌȓȐȊȣȍ ȜȖȘ-
Ȕȣ ȍșȓȐ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ țșȊȖȐȚ Ȑȝ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȗȖșȖȉȐȚ Ȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȜȈȕ-
ȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧȔ ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ șȓțȝ ȝȖȘȖ-
ȠȖ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȔȕȖȋȐȔȐ ȏȈȔȍȟȍȕȖ
șȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ ȔțȏȣȒȐ ȕȈ ȋȈȠȐȠȐȕȖȊ ȕȖ țȝȖ ȐȋȘȈȍȚ Ȋ
ȥȚȖȔ ȜȈȒȚȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȈșșȐȊȕțȦ ȘȖȓȤ ȖȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚ
ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ Ȉ ȏȊțȒȐ ȊȖșȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȚșȧ ȞȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȖȘȋȈ-
ȕȖȔ ȏȊțȒȖȊ ȋȌȍ Ȑ ȌȖșȚȐȋȈȦȚ ȌȖ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȔțȏȣȒȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊȈ ǹțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȖȘȋȈȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȓȍȎȐȚ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȦ
ȝȖȚȧ Ȕȣ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȔ ș ȊȍȘȕȖșȚȤȦ țȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȔȍșȚȈ Ȋ ȔȖȏ-
ȋț ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȐȓȐ ȔȍȕȤȠȐȔ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȍȔ ȍȋȖ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȧȍȚșȧ
ȔțȏȣȒȈȓȤȕȣȑ șȓțȝ Ȍȓȧ ȔțȏȣȒȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȚȈȓȈȕȚȈ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȕȖ

234
ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȍ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟ-
ȕȖȋȖ Ȉ ȍșȓȐ Ȓ ȥȚȖȔț ȍȡȍ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȐȚȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȣȍ Ȕȣ-
șȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ Ȕȣ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȔ ȋȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȕț-
ȏȣȒȈȕȚȈ ǷȘȐ ȚȈȒȖȔ ȊȖȏȏȘȍȕȐȐ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȖȠȐȉȍȔșȧ ȍșȓȐ șȒȈ-
ȎȍȔ ȟȚȖ ȔțȏȣȒȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȋȈȠȐȠȐȕȈ Ȋȗȍ-
ȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȍȍ șȐȓȤȕȖȍ șȔȖȚȘȧ ȗȖ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȘȈȏ-
ȊȐȚȐȧ Ȑ ȘȈȏȘȈȉȖȚȒȐ ȞȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȖȘȋȈȕȈ ȏȊțȒȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖ șȖȖȚ-
ȕȖȠȍȕȐȦ ȍȋȖ ș ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ȖȘȋȈȕȈȔȐ ȔȖȏȋȈ Ȑ Ȕȣ ȗȖȖșȚȍȘȍ-
ȎȍȔșȧ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ șȓțȝ ȍȋȖ șȌȍȓȈȓșȧ ȖșȚȘȍȍ
ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȕȣ șȒȈȎȍȔ ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȟȚȖ țȝȖ ȕȍ ȗȖȚȍȘȧ-
ȓȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚȤ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ ȕȖ Ȋ ȊȖȏȉțȎ-
ȌȍȕȕȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ, șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ, ȞȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȖȘ-
ȋȈȕ ȏȊțȒȖȊ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȖȘȋȈȕȣ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ șȗȖ-
șȖȉȕȖșȚȍȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȅȚȖ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ ȔțȏȣȒȐ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȋ
ȚȈȒȐȝ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȝ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ șȓȖȎȕȖ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȚȖ-
Ȕț ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓțȟȈȍȔȖȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚșȧ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ șȐȓȤ-
ȕȍȍ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȉ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȖȉșțȎȌȍȕȐȍ
ȍȋȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț ȗȘȐ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȚȘȖȕțȚȖȔ ȖȌȕȖȔ
ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȟțȊșȚȊȍ ȏȈȚȘȈȋȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ Ȑ Ȋșȍ
ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȘțȦȡȐȍ ș ȕȐȔ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȚȖȕ ȕȈșȚ-
ȘȈȐȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȋșȍ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȧ Ȑȏ ȗȘȖȠȍȌȠȍȋȖ ȟȍȘ-
Țȣ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȧ Ȑ ȗȖȓȕȣȍ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȗȐ-
ȚȈȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȚȤ ȌȈȕȕȖȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ǯȊțȒȐ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ ȔțȏȣȒȐ ȕȈȗȖȔȕȧȚ ȊȈȔ ȌȖȘȖȋȐȍ țȚȘȈȚȣ Ȑ ȋȖȘȍ ȏȈȉȣȚȖȍ
ȊȖșȒȘȍșȕȍȚ Ȋ ȌțȠȍ ȊȈȠȍȑ ș ȗȖȓȕȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȚ ȊȈș
ȏȈȕȖȊȖ ȗȖ ȊșȍȔ șȚȍȗȍȕȧȔ ȚȖȋȖ țȉȐȑșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ș ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȔ Ȋȣ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȓȐ ȊȈȔ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȧ ȚȖȘ-
ȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȋȐȔȕȖȊ ȗȘȍȐșȗȖȓȕȐȚ ȊȈș șȈȔȣȝ ȊȣșȖȒȐȝ ȐȌȍȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȝ ȟțȊșȚȊ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȚșȧ ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȋ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȑ ȝȖȘ ȕȍ-
ȊȐȌȐȔȣȝ ȌțȝȖȊ Ȑ țȕȖșȧ ȊȈș Ȋșȍ ȊȣȠȍ Ȑ ȊȣȠȍ șȖȓȤȍȚșȧ Ȋ
ȖȌȕȖ ș ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȍȑ ȔȐȘȖȊ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȚ-șȧ Ȋ ȐȌȍȦ șȚȘȖȑȕȖșȚȐ
Ȑ ȊȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȈ« Ǩ ȍșȓȐ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȊȣșȖȒȖȋȖ
ȗȖȥȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șȖȏȍȘȞȈȕȐȧ ȊȌȘțȋ ȋȘȧȕȍȚ ȔțȏȣȒȈ ȊȍșȍȓȖȋȖ ȚȈȕ-
ȞȈ Ȋȣ șȘȈȏț ȖȟȕȍȚȍșȤ Ȑ ȗȘȍȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȍșȤ Ȋȣ ș ȕȖȊȣȔ Ȗȋȓț-
ȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ țȗȖȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȖȕȍșȍȚȍșȤ ș ȒȍȔ ȗȖȗȈȓȖ Ȋ ȠțȔȕțȦ
ȌȐȒțȦ ȗȓȧșȒț
ǷȖȕȧȚȐȍ Ȗ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ Ȑ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȚȈȒ ȚȖȟȕȖ, ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȊȖ
șȕȍ ȐșȟȍȏȈȍȚ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȔȖȎȕȖ țȎȍ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȌȖȋȈȌȣȊȈȚȤșȧ j

235
SULRUL ȥȚȐ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȧ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȦȚ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȍȌȐȕȐȞȣ ȔȍȘȣ ȟȚȖ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȖȚ ȕȈȊȣȒȈ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȣȔ
Ȍȓȧ ȕȈș ȝȖȚȧ, ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ, ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ ȧșȕȖȋȖ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ Ȑ șȘȍȌșȚȊ
Ȍȓȧ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȍȌȐȕȐȞȣ Ȉ ȥȚȖ ȕȍ
șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ș ȚȍȔȐ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȒȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȚ Ȋ țȔșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖȑ șȜȍȘȍ ȋȈȠȐȠ ǵȖ, ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖșȚȤ ȐȌȍȑ
șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȍȍ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȈ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕțȚȤ ȌȖ ȕȍȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖȋȖ Ȑ țȎ ȗȖȥȚȖ-
Ȕț ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖȔ ȘȈȏȓȈȌȍ ș țșȓȖȊȕȖȑ ȍȌȐȕȐȞȍȑ
ȔȍȘȣ ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ǴȈȋȖȔȍȚ Ȋ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ șȊȖȐȝ
ȊȐȌȍȕȐȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓ ȒțȊȠȐȕ ș ȊȖȌȖȑ Ȑ țșȗȍȓ ȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȕ-
ȍȉȖ Ȑ ȏȍȔȓȦ șȖ ȊșȍȔȐ Ȑȝ ȟțȌȍșȈȔȐ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȟȍȔ ȊȖȌȈ țșȗȍȓȈ
ȊȣȓȐȚȤșȧ Ȑȏ șȖșțȌȈ8.
ǰȚȈȒ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȐȊ ȊȈș șȈȔȣȔȐ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȘȚȐ-
ȕȈȔȐ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȊ ȊȈȔ ȔȍȓȤȒȖȔ Ȋșȍ ȟȍȔ ȉȖȋȈȚȈ ȊȈȠȈ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ
ȗȍȘȍȗțȚȈȊ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȧ ȊȈȠȐ ȏȈȒȘțȎȐȊ ȌȖ șțȔȈșȠȍșȚȊȐȧ ȊȈȔ
ȋȖȓȖȊț ȍșȓȐ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȤșȧ ȗȘȐȝȖȚȓȐȊȖȍ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȊȣȕȖșȐȚ ȊȈș Ȑȏ ȚȍȓȈ ȊȈȠȍȋȖ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ Ȋȣ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓȐ
ȊșȧȒȖȍ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ, Ȑ ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȊȈȔ Ȋ șȘȍȌȍ ȕȐȟȍȔ ȕȍ ȖȋȘȈ-
ȕȐȟȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȚȖ ȊȣșȖȒȖȍ ȉȓȈȎȍȕșȚȊȖ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȊȈȍ-
ȔȖȍ ȕȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȖ
șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȧ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȕȍ ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ȒȘȖȔȍ șȈȔȖȋȖ șȍȉȧ ǪșȧȒȐȑ
ȋȈȠȐȠȐȕ ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȊȈȔ șȒȈȎȍȚ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ț ȕȍȋȖ țȌȐȊȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȣ ȗȘȍȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȍ șȟȈșȚȤȧ ȕȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ
Ȗȕ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȤ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȐȔȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȚȈȒ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȍșȚȐ ȕȈ șȓȖȊȈ ȥȚȖ — șȟȈ-
șȚȤȍ șȊȖȉȖȌȣ ȥȚȖ ȐȏȉȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȖȚ Ȟȍȗȍȑ« dzțȟȠȍȋȖ șȘȈȊȕȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȗȘȐȌțȔȈȚȤ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈ șȒȖȘȖ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȗȘȖȉțȎȌȈȚȤșȧ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȍȚ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȘȧȌ țȎȍ ȟȐ-
șȚȖ Țȍȓȍșȕȣȝ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȑ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȝ
ǷȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȑ ȟȈșȚȐ, ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȍȚșȧ șȕȖȔ ȋȓț-
ȉȖȒȐȔ Ȑ ȊȖșșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȗȖșȓȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȐșȗȣȚȈȚȍȓȤ
ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚ șȍȉȧ ȉȖȌȘȍȍ Ȑ ȒȘȍȗȟȍ ȟȍȔ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȌȖ ȖȗȣȚȈ ǵȖ
ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ Ȗȉȡȍȍ ȘȈȏȕȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȍȍ ȌȍȑșȚ-
ȊȐȍ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȍȚșȧ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȘȍȌȒȖ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ Ȏȍ șȘȍȌȐ ȘȈȏȕȖ-
ȖȉȘȈȏȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȑ ȧșȕȖ ȘȐșțȍȚșȧ ȖȌȕȈ ȒȈȒȈȧ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȐȌȍȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ șȖȖȉȡȈȍȚ șȊȖȑ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ ȉȘȍȌț ǶȕȈ

236
ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȔ Ȑ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȖ ȚȈȒ
Ȏȍ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȕȍȠ-
ȕȐȝ țșȓȖȊȐȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȖȕȈ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȖȔ ȕȈȐșȐȓȤ-
ȕȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ țȌȍȘȎȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȈȔȧȚȤȦ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȖȚ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȝ țșȓȖȊȐȑ
ȚȈȒ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȖȚ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȝ ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ Ȕȣ țȊȐȌȐȔ ȕȐȎȍ
ǰȓȓȦȏȐȐ Ȑ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȐ Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟțȌȍșȕȖ-
ȋȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȐșȗȣȚȈȚȍȓȐ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȉȣȊȈȦȚ ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ
ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȘȍȌȒȖ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ Ȑȝ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȐ ǵȈ-
ȌȖ ȗȖȧșȕȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȒ ȐȓȓȦȏȐȐ ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȐ ȉȣ-
ȊȈȦȚ ȌȊȖȧȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȊȖ-ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ș ȖȌȕȐȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕ-
ȕȐȔ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȈ ȊȖ-ȊȚȖȘȣȝ ș ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ
ȍȋȖ ȊȖ ȊȕȍȠȕȖșȚȐ Ǫ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȈ
ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȔȖȏȋț ȕȈșȚțȗȈȍȚ ȖȕȖ ȗȘȐ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȔ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕ-
ȕȍȔ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȍȕȐȐ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ șȈȔȖțȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȐ ȖȚ ȊȕȍȠ-
ȕȍȋȖ ȔȐȘȈ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȊșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȐȓȐ ȐșȒțșșȚ-
ȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȔȖȏȋȈ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȧȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ șȖșȚȖȧȡȈȧ
Ȑȏ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȑ ȗȖȉțȎȌȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȑ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȖȊ
ȊȣȏȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȗȈȔȧȚȤȦ Ȑ șȓȖȎȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȖ ȊșȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȍ ȜȖȘ-
Ȕȣ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȌȖșȚȐȋȈȍȚ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȐȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ
ǭșȓȐ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ țșȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȖ ȕȈ ȥȚȐ
ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȏȈȕȧȚȖ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȐȔȐ
ȗȖȓțȟȈȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȐȏȊȕȍ ȖȕȖ ȧșȕȖ ȗȖ-
ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚșȧ ȕȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȏȈ ȕȍȌȖșȚȈȚȒȖȔ șȘȍȌșȚȊ ȊȍȘ-
ȕȖ ȖȞȍȕȍȕȖ Ȑ ȗȖȕȧȚȖ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȚȍȔ ȕȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ
ȐȡȍȚ ȕȈșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚ ȍȋȖ Ȋ șȝȖȌȕȣȝ ș
ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȣȔ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȟȍȘȚȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ-
șȧ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȔȍșȚȖ ȌȖ ȊȖșșȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȧșȕȖȋȖ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍȋȖ ȐȏȖ-
ȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȓȖȎȕȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȦȡȍȋȖ ȌȈȕȕȖȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ ȅȚȖ
— ȕȍȗȖȓȕȈȧ ȐȓȓȦȏȐȧ ȉȍȏ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȊȖ ȊȕȍȠȕȖșȚȐ
ǭșȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ șȖșȚȈȊȐȓȖșȤ Ȑȏ ȖȌȕȐȝ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȝ
ȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȖȌȈ ȐȏȊȕȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ-
șȧ ȕȍȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȍȑ ș ȖȌȕȐȔ ȗșȐȝȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȥȓȍȔȍȕ-
ȚȖȔ ǪȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ șȖȍȌȐȕȧȦȚșȧ Ȋșȍ țșȓȖȊȐȧ ȕȈșȚȖȧ-
ȡȍȋȖ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍȍ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȚȈȒȐȔ
ȧșȕȣȔ ȟȚȖ ȌȖșȚȐȋȈȍȚ ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȕȈȋȓȧȌȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ țȎȍ
ȐȔȍȚȤ ȔȍșȚȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȔȖȏȋț ȋȌȍ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȧșȕȖșȚȤ ȍȋȖ
ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȖȕȖ ȐȔȍȓȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȎțȡȐȑșȧ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ Ȍȍȑ-

237
șȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȏȌȍșȤ ȖȕȖ țȎȍ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȚ ȊȖ ȊȕȍȠȕȖșȚȤ șȖ-
ȖȉȡȈȧ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚț ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ șțȡȍșȚȊțȦȡȍȔț ȜȖȘȔȣ ȊȖ-
ȖȉȘȈȎȈȍȔȣȍ ȕȖ ș ȚȈȒȖȑ ȧșȕȖșȚȤȦ ȟȚȖ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ
ȊȕȍȠȕȐȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ȊȍȘȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȦȚ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐ ȗȖȊȍȘ-
Ȓȍ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȈ șȐȓȈ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍȋȖ ȓȖȎȕȖȋȖ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȐȏȊȓȍ-
ȒȈȍȚ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȕțȎȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȕȐȧ ȓȖȎȕȖȑ
ȐȌȍȐ ǺȍȔ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȐȓȓȦȏȐȧ ȘȈȊȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐ-
ȕȈȞȐȧ ȌȖȓȋȖ Ȑ ȉȍȏ ȧșȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȔȍȎțȚȒȖȊ țȌȍȘȎȈȚȤșȧ ȕȍ ȔȖ-
ȎȍȚ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ȊȖȏȤȔțȚ șȊȖȍ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȊȣȚȍșȕȐȚ
ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȈȍȔȖȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ǰ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉ ȖȕȖ ȊȒȖȘȍ-
ȕȐȓȖșȤ ȕȈȌȖ ȟȚȖȉ Ȑ Ȋ ȖȚȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȝ ȟțȊșȚȊ ȗȘȖȐ-
ȏȖȠȓȖ ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȐȍ ȕȈȌȖ ȟȚȖȉ Ȑ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ȌȖșȚȈȊȓȧ-
ȓȐ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȦ ȌȈȕȕȣȍ șȖȋȓȈșȕȣȍ ș ȓȖȎȕȖȑ ȐȌȍȍȑ ȐȓȐ Ȏȍ
ȟȚȖȉȣ Ȋ ȔȖȏȋț ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤȕȖȍ Ȑȏ-
ȔȍȕȍȕȐȍ țșȓȖȊȐȑ ȊȖșȗȘȐȐȔȟȐȊȖșȚȐ ȔȖȏȋȈ Ȑ șȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ
ȗȖȕȧȚȐȑ Ȑ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȐȍ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȕȖȍ șȜȍȘȖȑ ȖȌ-
ȕȖȘȖȌȕȣȝ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȑ
ǰȚȈȒ ȗȖȓȕȣȝ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȑ șȖȍȌȐȕȧȦȡȐȝ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȥȓȍ-
ȔȍȕȚ ȗșȐȝȐȟȍșȒȐȑ Ȑ șȍȕșȖȘȐȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȘȐ ȕȈȘȒȖȚȐȏȔȍ ȖȚ
ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ Ȑ ȧ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓ ȥȚȖ ȧȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȊȐȌ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȑ ș ȖȌȕȐȔ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȖȔ ȗșȐȝȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȍȚșȧ
ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȓ ȍȡȍ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȑ ǵȈȌȖ ȏȈ-
ȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȍ ȔȕȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȐȚ ȔȕȍȕȐȦ 0RUHDX9 Ȑ
Judee10 ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓȕȣȍ ȐȓȓȦȏȐȐ Ȑ ȋȈȓȓȦ-
ȞȐȕȈȞȐȐ ȉȣȊȈȦȚ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȣȔȐ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȗȘȐ ȕȈȘȒȖȚȐȏ-
Ȕȍ ȖȚ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ, ȖȕȐ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȐ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ȏȈ
ȗȘȈȊȐȓȖ ȐȓȐ ȕȍ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȈȕȈȓȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȧȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȍ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȊȠȐȝșȧ ȐȔ șȓțȟȈȧȝ
ǵȖ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȐ țȔșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȧȚ Ȋ
ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȕȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ Ȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍȔ șȊȖȐȔ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ ȉȘȍȌ
ȋȈȠȐȠȐȕȖȊ ȕȖ Ȋ ȘȈȊȕȖȑ ȔȍȘȍ Ȑ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȈȜȜȍȒȚȐȊȕȣȍ
— ȕȈȒȓȖȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ șȐȓȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȔȖȎȍȚ, Ȋ șȊȖȦ
ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ, ȌȖșȚȐȋȕțȚȤ ȕȍȉȣȊȈȓȣȝ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȖȊ Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ
ȖȕȐ șȖȖȉȡȈȦȚ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȍ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȔȣșȓȧȔ Ȑ țȗȘȈȊ-
ȓȧȦȚ ȊșȍȔ ȥȚȐȔ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȘȐșȗȖșȖȉȓȧȧ ȍȋȖ
Ȓ șȊȖȐȔ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȕȖșȚȧȔ Ȑ ȗȖȉțȎȌȍȕȐȧȔ ǷȖȥȚȖȔț șȚȍȗȍȕȤ
țȔȈ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȍ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȍȑ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȕȖșȚȍȑ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊ ȘȈȏ-

238
ȓȐȟȐȍ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȐȧ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȐȔȍȦȚ șȈ-
ȔȖȍ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȍȍ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ Ȑ
șȊȖȑșȚȊȈ ȉȘȍȌȈ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ ȚȈȒȖȊȖ ȟȚȖ, ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȧ
ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȉțȌțȡȍȍ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȍ
ȍȋȖ ȉȘȍȌȈ ǶȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȚȍȔȗȍȘȈȔȍȕȚȖȊ — șȈȕȋȊȐȕȐȟȍș-
ȒȐȑ Ȑ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȘȊȕȣȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚ țșȓȖȊȐȧ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ
ȊȣȋȖȌȕȣȍ Ȍȓȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȕȈ ȝȖȓȍȘȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȝȖȓȍȘȐȒȖ-
șȈȕȋȊȐȕȐȒȖȊ Ȗȕ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȍȚ ȕȍșȘȈȊȕȍȕȕȖ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ ȕȖ ȓȍȋȒȖ
ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȚ ț ȕȐȝ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȟȘȍȏȔȍȘȕȖ șȐȓȤȕȖȍ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ
ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȖȗȈșȕȖȍ ȕȈ ȓȐȔȜȈȚȐȒȖȊ Ȗȕ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȍȚ șȓȈȉȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȍȔ
ȗȖȥȚȖȔț ȚȘȍȉțȍȚșȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǶȉȘȈȚȐȔșȧ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ
Ȓ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧȔ ȇ ȗȘȐȊȍȌț ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȊȈ Ȑȏ șȊȖȐȝ ȖȗȣȚȖȊ
ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȑȝ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉ ȗȖ-
ȕȧȚȤ ȋȓȈȊȕțȦ șțȡȕȖșȚȤ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȕȈ ȔȖȏȋ
ǶȗȣȚ -ȑ  ȋȖȌȈ ȜȍȊȘȈȓȧ  Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ
ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȧ KDFKLVFK-GDZDPHVN ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ
ȗȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋșȒȖȋȖ ȌȘȖȋȐșȚȈ / * +DUG\11 ȇ ȎȌȈȓ ȌȊȈ ȟȈșȈ —
ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȇ ȓȍȋ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ Ȑ ȗȖȋȈșȐȓ șȊȍȟț Ȋ ȗȖȓ-
ȕȖȑ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȥȚȖ — ȋȈȠȐȠ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȦ
ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȍȗȈȘȈȚȣ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȔȕȖȦ ȐșȗȣȚȈȕȕȣȍ ȇ ȏȈ-
ȔȍȚȐȓ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕțȦ ȗȖȌȊȐȎȕȖșȚȤ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ
ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȍ ȓȐȞȈ ș ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ, ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȕȣȔ Ȍȓȧ
ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȉȍșȗȘȍșȚȈȕȕȖ ȧȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȕȈ țȔ ȐșȟȍȏȈȓȐ Ȑ
ȏȈȔȍȕȧȓȐșȤ ȕȖȊȣȔȐ ȇ ȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓ ȗȘȐȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȥȚȖȔț ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ
ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍȔ ȕȈ-
șȚȘȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑ țȎ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȏȈșȣȗȈȚȤ ȊȌȘțȋ șȓȣ-
Ƞț ȉȤȍȚ ȟȈș ȕȈ șȚȍȕȕȣȝ ȟȈșȈȝ Ȑ ȗȖȚȧȕțȓșȧ ȥȚȖȚ ȏȊțȒ Ȑ ȕȍȚ
ȉțȌȚȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ ȍȔț Ǫ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȏȈȘȧȉȐȓȖ Ȑ ȧ țȊȐȌȍȓ șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȒȈ-
ȒȖȑ-ȚȖ șȘȍȌȍ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ șȔȍșȤȦ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ
ȓȐȞ ȜȐȋțȘ ȧȘȒȖ ȖșȊȍȡȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖȔ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȐ
ȕȖ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȤ țȏȕȈȚȤ — ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ-
șȚȐ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȋșȧ ȥȚȈ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈ ȔȍȕȧȓȈșȤ ȚȈȒ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȒȈȒ
Ȋ ȒȈȓȍȑȌȖșȒȖȗȍ ǷȖȚȖȔ șȓȣȠț ȠțȔ ȒȈșȒȈȌȈ ȊȖȌȈ ȗȈȌȈȍȚ
șȓȍȊȈ ȖȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȈȗȘȈșȕȖ șȚȈȘȈȦșȤ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȍȍ ȌȍȓȈȦ
ȕȈȌ șȖȉȖȑ țșȐȓȐȍ« ǪȖȚ țȎ ȧ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ Ȉ ȊȖȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȠțȔȐȚ
ȚȧȕȍȚșȧ ȏȊțȒ ȟȈșȖȊ șȚȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑ ȗȍșȚȘȐȚ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȕȍ-
șȒȓȈȌȕȈȧ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ Ǵȕȍ șȚȈȓȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ȕȖ ȧ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ Ȗ
ȋȈȠȐȠȍ Ȑ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȗȘȐșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖ

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ȔȍȘȍ ȚȖȋȖ, ȒȈȒ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈȗȘȧȋȈȓȖșȤ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ ȉȓȍȌȕȍȓȈ
ȏȊțȒ ȟȈșȖȊ ȘȍȌȍȓ ȠțȔ ȒȈșȒȈȌȈ ȐșȟȍȏȈȓ Ȋ ȖȚȌȈȓȍȕȐȐ ȇ ȘȈș-
ȝȖȝȖȚȈȓșȧ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ șȔȍȠȕȣȔ ȉȍșșȐ-
ȓȐȍ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȐ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȖȟȕȖșȚȤ ȐȓȓȦȏȐȐ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍȔ ȊȖ-
ȓȐ ȧ șȌȍȓȈȓ șȈȔȖȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȕȖ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ ȟȚȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍȚ ȚȍȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȗȓȣȊț Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ
ȥȜȐȘȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȏȘȈȟȕȖȑ șȘȍȌȍ Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȚȈȒ ȓȍȋȒȖ șȍȉȧ
ȟțȊșȚȊțȦ ǵȖ ȊȖȚ ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ ȉțȘȧ Ȑ ȉȘȖșȈȍȚ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȖ Ȋșȍ
șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȔȐȘȈȍȚ Ȍțȝ« ǷȘȐȏȣȊȈȦ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ
ȊȖȓȦ șȊȖȦ ȗȘȐșȓțȠȐȊȈȦșȤ Ȑ ȧșȕȖ șȓȣȠț ȠțȔ ȊȍȚȘȈ țȌ-
ȊȈȐȊȈȦ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȦ ȟȚȖ ȊȍȚȍȘ ȠțȔȐȚ ț Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ
ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȍȡȍ țșȐȓȐȍ Ȑ ȧ țȎ ȔȖȋ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȥȚȖȚ ȠțȔ
ȗȘȐȓȐȊȖȔ ȒȘȖȊȐ Ȓ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȕȖ ȍȌȊȈ ȧȊȐȓȖșȤ ȥȚȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȍ
Ȑ ȧ țȎ ȊȐȎț, ȒȈȒ ȉȍȎȐȚ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȔȐ șȚȘțȧȔȐ ȗȖ ȎȐȓȈȔ
ȔȖȐȔ ȖȡțȗȣȊȈȦ șȍȉȍ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ ȕȖȋȐ — ȟțȊșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ
ȕȐȝ ȚȈȒ țȔȍȕȤȠȐȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȓȍ țȔȍȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȌȣȝȈȕȐȧ ȝȓȖ-
ȘȖȜȖȘȔȈ ȥȚȖ ȒȈȒȈȧ-ȚȖ ȖȚȍȘȗȓȖșȚȤ ȗȖȝȖȎȈȧ ȕȈ Țț ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ
ȏȈȔȍȟȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȐ ȕȈȎȈȚȐȐ ȕȍȘȊȈ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ Ȋ ȕȖȋȍ ȗȘȐ ȕȍ-
ȓȖȊȒȖȔ șȐȌȍȕȐȐ ȇ ȗȖȌȕȧȓșȧ Ȑ ȏȈȎȍȋ șȊȍȟț Ǫ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȉȣȓȈ
țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȔȣșȓȤ ȗȘȣȋȈȓȈ ș ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȈ ȕȈ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ
ș ȚȈȒȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ, ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ Ȑ șȔȍȠȕȖ Ȑ ȌȖ-
șȈȌȕȖ Ȉ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, ȉȍșȗȘȍșȚȈȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ
ȋȈȠȐȠ Ȑ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȗȘȖșȓȍȌȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ȌȍȑșȚ-
ȊȐȍ ȇ ȗȖȚțȠȐȓ șȊȍȟț Ȑ țȓȍȋșȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ ǿȓȍȕȣ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ
ȚȍȘȗȕțȚȤ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȕȍȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȧ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ Ȗ Țȍȓȍ
șȊȖȍȔ ǪȐȌȍȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȣȍ Ȑ Ȋșȍ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐșȤ
Ȑȏ ȖȚȘȣȊȒȖȊ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ șȔȖȚȘȧ ȗȖ ȚȖȔț ȒȈȒȈȧ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȊȣȘȈ-
ȎȈȓȈșȤ ȧșȕȍȍ ȌȘȈȋȖȞȍȕȕȣȑ ȓȐ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈ țȔ
— Ȑ ȊȖȚ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȋȖȘȣ ȐȏțȔȘțȌȖȊ Ȑ ȈȓȔȈȏȖȊ ȕȈȘȈșȚȈȓȐ ȊȌȘțȋ
ȗȍȘȍȌȖ ȔȕȖȑ ȖȕȐ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ ȕȈ ȔȍșȚȍ Ȑȝ ȖșȚȈȓȐșȤ ȖȋȖȘȖȌȕȣȍ
ȖȊȖȡȐ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȒȈȗțșȚț ǬȖȔ ȊșȗȖ-
ȔȐȕȈȓșȧ — Ȑ șȘȈȏț ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȍ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȏȈȔȍ-
ȟȈȓ ȓȐ ȕȈ ȔȖșȚȖȊȖȑ ȋȌȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȒȈȔȍȕȤ-ȌȐȒȈȘȤ Ȑ Ȋ ȔȐȋ ȖȌȐȕ
ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȧȓȈșȤ ȌȍȒȖȘȈȞȐȧ — țȎ ȊșȦȌț ȚȖȘȟȈȓȐ ȌȐȒȐȍ șȒȈ-
ȓȣ ȕȖ ȊȖȚ ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȊȐȌȕȍȍȚșȧ ȔȖȝ — Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȏȍȓȍȕȍȍȚ
ȊȖȒȘțȋ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ ȊȍșȤ ȔȐȘ ȗȖȒȘȣȓșȧ ȋȈȏȖȕȖȔ ȞȊȍȚȖȒ ȏȈȔȍ-
ȚȐȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȔ Ȑ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȌȖȎȌȤ ȞȊȍȚȖȊ șȣȗȓȍȚșȧ țȎȍ șȊȍȘȝț
șȕȐȏț Ȑ șȖ Ȋșȍȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȚȐȓȖșȤ Ȋ

240
ȉțȒȍȚȣ ȉțȒȍȚȣ Ȋ ȒțșȚȣ ȒțșȚȣ — Ȋ șȈȌȣ ȞȊȍȚțȡȐȍ Ȑ ȊȖȚ
țȎȍ ȊȐȌȕȍȦȚșȧ ȌȍȘȍȊȤȧ ȉȈșȕȖșȓȖȊȕȖȑ ȚȖȓȡȐȕȣ Ȑ ȋȘȖȔȈȌ-
ȕȣȍ ȓȍșȈ ȗȖȒȘȣȓȐ ȊȍșȤ ȏȍȔȕȖȑ ȠȈȘ ȅȚȖ șȖȟȍȚȈȕȐȍ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊ
ȖȚȓȐȟȈȓȖșȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖȑ ȕȍȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖșȚȤȦ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȧ, ȖȌȕȈȒȖ, ȧȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȕȍ ȊȖ ȊȕȍȠȕȖșȚȐ ȕȖ ȊȕțȚȘȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ
ȔȖȏȋț ȔȖȍȔ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȋ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ș ȚȖȑ ȘȈȏȕȐ-
Ȟȍȑ ȟȚȖ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȑ șȖȊȍȘ-
ȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȍ ȧ ȧȊȓȧȓȖșȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕ-
ȕȐȔ ȏȘȐȚȍȓȍȔ ǿȚȖ ȒȈșȈȍȚșȧ ȌȖ ȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȧ — ȖȕȖ ȚȖȎȍ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ șȈȔȖșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȖșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ
ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȖȔ ȟȐșȚȖȋȖ ȘȈȏțȔȈ ȖȚȒțȌȈ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȏȈȉȐȘȈȚȤ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ
țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ șȈȔȣȝ ȔțȌȘȍȕȣȝ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȊ
— ȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȖșȚȘȖțȔȕȣȍ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȉȣșȚȘȣȍ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȖȕȐ
țȎȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ ȗȘȐȋȖȚȖȊȓȍȕȣ Ȑ ȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȏȈȗȈșȍ
ǪȍȘȕȖșȚȤ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȑ ȔȖȐȝ ȉȣȓȈ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȎț-
ȡȈȧșȧ ȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȍȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȚȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ
Ȏȍ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȗȘȍȓȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȔȖȐȝ ȊȣȊȖȌȖȊ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐ-
ȔȖȔț, ȚȈȒȐȝ ȊȍȘȕȣȝ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈ-
ȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȗțȓȤș ȔȖȑ ȉȤȍȚ ȌȖ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȈșȚȖ ȟȚȖ țȌȈȘȣ ȍȋȖ
șȓȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȧ ȘȖȌ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖȋȖ ȌȘȖȎȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȧ
ȕȈȝȖȌȐȓ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȍ ȋȈȠȐȠ ȊȖȏȉțȎȌȈȍȚ țșȐȓȐȊȈȍȚ
șȖȒȘȈȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȋșȍȝ ȔțșȒțȓȧȘȕȣȝ ȊȖȓȖȒȖȕ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț Ȋ
ȈȘȚȍȘȐȧȝ ȒȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ șȖȒȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ȖȚ
ȗȖȊȚȖȘȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈȗȖȘȖȊ ȒȘȖȊȐ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȍȡȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȕȍȏȈ-
ȊȐșȐȔȖȍ șȖȒȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ ȊȖȓȖȒȖȕ ȜȐȉȘȖȏȕȖȑ șȘȍȌȕȍȑ
 ȖȉȖȓȖȟ-
ȒȐ Ȑ ȖȚȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ȘȧȌ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȣȝ șȓȐȚȣȝ ȌȘȖȎȈ-
ȕȐȑ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȧȦȡȐȝ ȗȘȖȔȍȎțȚȒȐ ȔȍȎȌț ȗțȓȤșȈȞȐȧȔȐ DzȈȎȍȚ-
șȧ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȍ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ Ȍȓȧ
ȋȈȠȐȠȐȕȈ ȕȖ ȧ ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȟȐȊȖ șȔȖȚȘȍȓ ȕȈ ȕȍȋȖ Ȑ ȕȈȔȍșȚȖ
ȍȋȖ ș ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȕȍȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖșȚȤȦ ȗȖȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓșȧ ȊȖȗȘȖș ©ǵȍ
ȓȖȎȕȖ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȈȊȐșȐȚ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤ-
șȚȊȖ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȖȚ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ țȚȘȈȟȍȕȖ ȊșȧȒȖȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȍ Ȗ ȊȘȍȔȍ-
ȕȐ"ª
ǷȈȔȧȚȤ ȒȈȒ Ȑ Ȋșȍ țȔșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȉȣȓȈ Ȋ ȊȖȏ-
ȉțȎȌȍȕȕȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȗȘȐȗȖȔȐȕȈȚȤ ș ȚȈ-
ȒȖȑ ȓȍȋȒȖșȚȤȦ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȣ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌ-
șȚȈȊȓȧȓȐșȤ Ȕȕȍ ș ȚȈȒȖȑ ȧșȕȖșȚȤȦ ș ȚȈȒȖȑ ȔȍȓȖȟȕȖȑ ȖȚȟȍȚ-
ȓȐȊȖșȚȤȦ ȒȈȒ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȕȖ, ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȋșȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ șȔȍȕȧ-

241
ȓȐșȤ ȍȎȍȔȐȕțȚȕȖ Ȑ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȟȍȔ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȕȐȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȚȖ ȗȘȐ ȚȈȒȐȝ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ ȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍȊȖȏ-
ȔȖȎȕȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȔȐȋ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȚȤșȧ ȔȐȋ
ȗȘȍȌȣȌțȡȐȑ
Ǵȕȍ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ ȗȐȚȤ ȊȖȌȣ ȖȒȖȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ — ȧ Șȍ-
ȠȐȓșȧ ȊșȚȈȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȏȊȈȚȤ șȓțȋț ȕȖ ȘȈșșȓȈȉȓȍȕȐȍ ȚȍȓȈ ȔȖȍȋȖ
ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ
ȚȘțȌȖȔ șȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ș ȥȚȖȑ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȖȑ ȓȍȕȤȦ ȇ ȊșȚȈȓ ȕȖ Ȋ
ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ ȔȐȋ ȏȈȉȣȓ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȈȌȍȓ ȚțȜȓȐ — ȏȈȉȣȓ Ȑ ȥȚȖ
ȝȈȓȈȚ — ȏȈȉȣȓ Ȑ Ȗȉ ȕȍȔ ȔȈȠȐȕȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȓ ȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȘȐ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ Ȑ ș ȒȈȎȌȣȔ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȔ ȠȈȋȖȔ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȓ ȠȈȋ ȗȘȍ-
ȌȣȌțȡȐȑ ǸȈȏȉțȌȐȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȋȍȓȍȓ ȗȘȐȕȍșȚȐ ȊȖȌȣ Ȋȏȋȓȧ-
ȕțȓ ȕȈ ȟȈșȣ ȔȐȔȖȝȖȌȖȔ — ȉȣȓȖ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȋȖ  ȔȐȕțȚ ǪȖȏ-
ȊȘȈȚȧșȤ Ȋ șȗȈȓȤȕȦ ȘȈȏȌȍȓșȧ ȓȍȋ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ Ȑ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ
ȏȈȉȣȓ ȖȉȖ ȊșȍȔ ȥȚȖȔ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȚȖ ȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȊșȚȈȊȈȓ ș ȗȖșȚȍ-
ȓȐ ǶȗȧȚȤ ȕȈȟȈȓșȧ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȉȘȍȌ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȔțȟȐȓȈ ȎȈȎ-
ȌȈ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓșȧ ȊșȚȈȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȏȊȈȚȤ șȓțȋț Ȑ șȚȈȓ țȎȍ ȕȈ-
ȌȍȊȈȚȤ ȚțȜȓȐ ȒȈȒ ȊȌȘțȋ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȓ ȟȚȖ ȧ țȎ ȥȚȖ
ȌȍȓȈȓ ȖȌȐȕ ȘȈȏ Ȑ ȧșȕȖ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȓȖșȤ, ȒȈȒ ȕȈȌȍȊȈȓ ȧ
ȝȈȓȈȚ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȣ ȉțȌȐȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟ.
Ǵȕȍ șȚȈȓȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖ ǪȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȉȘȍȌț ȉȍȏ
ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȟȍȔ-ȚȖ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȗȈșȕȣȔ
țȋȘȖȎȈȦȡȐȔ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȧ țȎ șȌȍȓȈȓ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȘȍșȚțȗȓȍ-
ȕȐȍ ȧ ș țȎȈșȖȔ ȉȘȖșȐȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ Ȑ șȗȘȧȚȈȓșȧ ȗȖȌ ȖȌȍȧ-
ȓȖ ǶȗȧȚȤ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȒȘțȋ Ȕȍȕȧ ȏȈȔȍȓȤȒȈȓȖ ȕȖ ȊȖȚ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ
ȎȍȕșȒȐȍ ȓȐȞȈ ȉȘȍȌ șȚȈȓ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȝȈȘȈȒ-
ȚȍȘ Ȑ șȒȖȘȖ ȊȍșȤ ȗȍȘȍȠȍȓ Ȋ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑȏ ȔȍșȚȕȣȝ
ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȌȓȐȓȐ șȌȍȓȈȚȤșȧ ȖȉȡȐȔȐ Ȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȟț-
ȌȍșȕȈȧ ȚȈȒȈȧ țȗȖȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȕȍȋȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ Ȋ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ
ȕȐȒȚȖ ȕȍ ȐșȗȣȚȣȊȈȓ ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ș ȊȖȌȖȑ
ȕȈȗȖȔȕȐȓȖ Ȕȕȍ ȖȗȧȚȤ Ȋ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȝ ȟȍȘȚȈȝ
ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ȔȖȍȋȖ șȈȔȖȏȈȉȊȍȕȐȧ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȊȌȘțȋ ȘȈȏȖȋȕȈȓȖ
ȔȖȑ ȟȈȌ Ȑ ȧ șȚȈȓ ȎȍȓȈȚȤ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ — țșȕțȚȤ ȗȖșȒȖȘȍȍ
ǷȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈȔ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȏȋ ȔȖȑ ȘȈșȚȧȋȐȊȈȍȚ-
șȧ ȟȚȖ ȟȍȘȍȗ Țȍșȍȕ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈȔ ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ șȚȍșȕȧ-
ȓȖșȤ Ȑ ȚȖȔȐȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȍ ȟȍȋȖ-ȚȖ ȋȖȘȧȟȍȋȖ Ȑ ȚȧȎȍȓȖ-
ȋȖ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȐ ȇ ȏȈșȕțȓ ȗȖșȓȍ  ȟȈșȖȊ țȚȘȈ Ȑ ȟȈșȖȊ ȟȍȘȍȏ 
ȊșȚȈȓ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȔ Ȑ ȉȖȌȘȣȔ

242
ǺȍȗȍȘȤ ȗȍȘȍȑȌȍȔ Ȓ ȌȘțȋȖȔț ȖȗȣȚț ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȧ ȍȌȊȈ ȕȍ
ȗȖȗȓȈȚȐȓșȧ ȎȐȏȕȤȦ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ ȖȚȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ
ȥȚȖȋȖ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚ Ȑ ȖȚ ȕȍȚȍȘ-
ȗȍȕȐȧ ȓȐ ȖȚ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȓȐ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȧ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȧȊ-
ȓȧȍȚșȧ ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȐȍ Ȓ ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȚ ǪșȓȍȌșȚ-
ȊȐȍ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȍȌȖȊȍȘȐȧ ȧ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ -ȝ ȟȈșȖȊ ȗȘȐ-
ȕȧȓ  ȋȘȈȕ ȉȍȏ ȔȈȓȖȋȖ ȏȖȓȖȚȕȐȒ
 ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȋȖ șȗȐȘȚ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȥȒșȚȘȈȒȚȈ Ȋ ȌȖșȚȖȐȕșȚȊȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȧ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȓșȧ ȚȖȓȤ-
ȒȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȕȍ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȓȖ
ǶȗȣȚ -ȑ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ  ȐȦȕȧ  ȋȖȌȈ Ǫ ȟȈș ȗȖȗȖȓț-
ȕȖȟȐ ȧ ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȓ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȦȦ ȗȐȓȦȓȦ Ǫ ȚȘȐ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȐ ȊȚȖ-
ȘȖȋȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȘȈșșȔȍȠȐȓȖ ȖȌȕȖ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȋ ȔȍȌȐȞȐȕ-
șȒȖȑ șȚȈȚȤȍ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȟȐȚȈȓ ȧ Ȋ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȐ ȕȖ, ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ șȔȍȝ
ȔȖȑ ȉȣȓ ȟȍȘȍșȟțȘ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ Ȑ ȗȘȐȚȖȔ ȔȈȓȖȖșȕȖ-
ȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȚȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȐȠȓȈ ȐȌȍȧ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȏȈȊȐșȐȚ
ȖȚ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ Ȑ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȧ
ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȍȋȖ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤ
Ȕȍȕȧ ǵȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ țȎȍ șȔȍȧȚȤșȧ Ȉ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
ȏȈȔȍȚȕȖ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖ ȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ țșȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ Ȑ șȚȈȓ șȖ-
ȉȐȘȈȚȤșȧ șȗȈȚȤ ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȕȈȌȖ ȉȣȓȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȈȗȐșȈȚȤ ȍȡȍ
ȒȖȍ-ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȧ șȍȓ Ȋ ȒȘȍșȓȖ ȏȈ ȗȐșȤȔȍȕȕȣȑ șȚȖȓ ȍȌȊȈ Ȋȏȧȓșȧ
ȏȈ ȗȍȘȖ ȒȈȒ șȚȈȓ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȤ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȘȈȏȊȐȊȈȦȡȍȍșȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ
ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȇ șȝȊȈȚȐȓ ȒȈȘȈȕȌȈȠ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȏȈȗȐșȣȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȐ Ȗȡț-
ȡȍȕȐȧ ȇ ȗȐșȈȓ ȖȚȘȣȊȒȈȔȐ ȗȖȓțșȓȖȊȈȔȐ Ȉ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȖȌȕȖȑ
ȉțȒȊȖȑ ȕȈȌȍȧȓșȧ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚȤ ȞȍȓțȦ ȔȣșȓȤ ǺȈȒ, ȉȣȓȖ ȖȚȔȍ-
ȟȍȕȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ ȗȘȣȋȈȊ-
ȠȐȝ ș ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȈ ȕȈ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚ ȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȋȖȕȧȚȤșȧ ȏȈ ȕȐ-
ȔȐ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, ȓȖȊȐȚȤ Ȑȝ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȘțȌȕȖ Ȉ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț Ȑ ȗȐșȈȚȤ
ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȇ șȔȍȧȓșȧ ȉȍȏ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȖȌȈ Ȑ șȔȍȝ ȥȚȖȚ Ȋșȍ
țșȐȓȐȊȈȓșȧ ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȚȖ ȒȖȕ-
ȊțȓȤșȐȊȕȣȍ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȋȘțȌȐ ȗȖșȓȍ ȟȍȋȖ ȕȈș-
ȚțȗȈȓȖ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖȍ șȎȈȚȐȍ ȋȖȘȚȈȕȕȖȑ ȡȍȓȐ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȒȐ ȏȈ-
ȌțȠȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȥȚȐȔ șȔȍȝ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȘȣȌȈȕȐȧ
șȓȍȏȣ ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȘȈȏ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȓȐ ȥȚȖȚ ȕȍȐșȚȖȊȣȑ ȝȖȝȖȚ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ
ȕȐȝ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȓȖ șȗȖȒȖȑȕȖȍ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ-țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȍȕȕȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧ-
ȕȐȍ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȐȑ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȖȚ-
ȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ șțȌȐȚȤ Ȗ șȊȖȍȔ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ

243
ǹ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ț Ȕȍȕȧ șȚȈȓȈ ȊȒȖȘȍ-
ȕȧȚȤșȧ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȖȚȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȥȚȈ ȔȣșȓȤ ȉȍșȗȘȍ-
ȘȣȊȕȖ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȓȈșȤ ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȟȈșȚȖ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȓȐșȤ
ȗȖȌȍȘȋȐȊȈȕȐȧ Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ Ȑ ȕȖȋȈȝ Ȉ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ șȊȖȌȐȓȖ Șțȟȕȣȍ
ȗȈȓȤȞȣ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȌȓȧȚ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȚȤ ȖȉȡȐȍ
ȒȖȕȊțȓȤșȐȐ ȗȘȐȚȖȔ ȕȍȗȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȚȖȕȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȖȎȐ-
ȌȈȕȐȍ șȚȖȓȉȕȧȒȈ șȌȍȓȈȓȖșȤ ȗțȕȒȚȖȔ ȔȖȍȋȖ țȔȖȗȖȔȍȠȈ-
ȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ Ǵȍȕȧ ȔțȟȐȓȈ ȎȈȎȌȈ Ȑ ȊȖ ȘȚț ȉȣȓȖ șțȝȖȍ ȋȖȘȧ-
ȟȍȍ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȍ Ȉ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ, ȧȏȣȒ ȉȣȓ ȊȓȈȎȍȕ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ
ȉȣȓȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȓȖȎȕȖȍ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȍ ȕȖ ȚȍȔ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ, ȖȟȍȕȤ
ȚȖȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ Ǫ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȚȘȈȕȕȖȍ
ȚȖȟȕȖ ȟȍȘȍȗ ȔȖȑ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȒȐȗȧȡȍȑ ȎȐȌȒȖșȚȤȦ ȚȈȒ
ȟȚȖ ȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ șȘȈȊȕȐȓ șȊȖȦ ȋȖȓȖȊț ș ȒȖȚȓȖȔ ȓȖȒȖȔȖȚȐȊȈ Ȉ
ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȧ ȗȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈȔ ȊșȒȈȒȐȊȈȓ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ șȚȖȓȈ Ȑ ȉȍȋȈȓ ȗȖ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ șȚȈȘȈȧșȤ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȘȈȏȖȋȕȈȚȤ Ȋșȍ țșȐȓȐȊȈȦȡȍȍ-
șȧ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȍ ȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȐȌȍȧ Ȗ ȓȖȒȖȔȖȚȐȊȍ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ
ȝȖȌț ȊȣȚȍșȕȧȓȈ Ȋșȍ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȑ ȧ ȐȏȖȉȘȈȎȈȓ șȖȉȖȑ ȌȓȐȕ-
ȕȣȑ ȘȧȌ ȊȈȋȖȕȖȊ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȍșȚȘȖȑ ȚȖȓȗȖȑ ȒȖșȚȦȔȣ
ȓȐȞȈ ȘȈȏȋȖȊȖȘȣ ȗȈșșȈȎȐȘȖȊ șȔȍȝ ȒȘȐȒ ȋȈȔ — Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȧ
șȓȣȠȈȓ Ȑ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȊȕțȚȘȐ șȈȔȖȋȖ șȍȉȧ DzȖȋȌȈ ȧ Ȟȍȗȓȧȓșȧ ȏȈ
ȒȈȒțȦ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȔȍȉȍȓȤ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȐ ȊȈȋȖȕȣ ȓȍȚȍȓȐ ș ȚȘȍșȒȖȔ Ȋ
ȉȍȏȌȖȕȕțȦ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȤ Ȉ ȧ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȈ ȔȐȕțȚț Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȊșȗȖ-
ȔȐȕȈȓ Ȗȉ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȗȖȌȉȍȋȈȓ Ȓ șȚȖȓț ȊȗȐșȣȊȈȓ ȗȖ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȖȊ Ȑ ȖȗȧȚȤ șȗȍȠȐȓ ȕȈ ȘȍȓȤșȣ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȏȐȚȤ șȊȖȦ
ȕȍțȋȖȔȖȕȕțȦ ȗțȉȓȐȒț Ȑȏ ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋȈ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊț Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖ
ǷȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈȔ șȎȐȔȈȓȐșȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȟȍȓȦșȚȐ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ
ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȒȖȘȖ ȘȈȏȎțȦ Ȑ ȗȘȖȋȓȖȟț șȊȖȐ ȏțȉȣ ©ȅȚȖ
ȕȈȟȈȓȖ șȚȖȓȉȕȧȒȈ — ȌțȔȈȓ ȧ, — ȊȖȚ șȒȖȘȖ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȚ Ȑ Ȗȉ-
ȡȐȑ șȚȖȓȉȕȧȒ Ȉ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȤª ǶȚ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȗ șȔȍȘ-
ȚȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȘȖșȈȓȖ Ȋ ȌȘȖȎȤ Ȕȕȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȖ Ȑ șȚȘȈ-
ȠȕȖ Ȑ ȧ șȗȍȠȐȓ ȗȐșȈȚȤ ȟȚȖȉ ȕȐȒȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȖȉȊȐȕȧȓȐ Ȋ ȔȖȍȑ
șȔȍȘȚȐ ȟȚȖȉ ȚȖȘȖȗȐȓȐșȤ ȗȖȌȈȚȤ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ȌȈȓȐ ȉȣ ȘȊȖȚ-
ȕȖȍ ȖȚȊȖȘȐȓȐ ȒȘȖȊȤ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟ ǴȣșȓȤ Ȗ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȘȈȏ
ȚȈȒ ȖșȊȍȎȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȏȌȘȈȊȖ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȓ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ
șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ țȌȈȓȐȚȤ ȍȍ ȘȊȖȚȕȣȔ ȗȖ-
ȥȚȖȔț ȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ ȕȈȗȐșȈȓ ©ǸȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ ǹ ȒȘȖȊȤȦ ȕȍ
șȗȍȠȐȚȤ« ǸȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ ȘȊȖȚȕȖȋȖ ǹȒȖȘȍȑ Ȑ ȗȖȉȖȓȤȠȍª. ȇ
ȗȐșȈȓ ȥȚȐ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉ ȖȉȍșȗȍȟȐȚȤ șȊȖȍ

244
ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ șȒȖȘȖ țȗȈȌț Ȑ ȕȍ ȉțȌț țȎ Ȋ
șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȉ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȧ țȎ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȖșȓȈȓ ȏȈ
ȜȍȓȤȌȠȍȘȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȑ ȕȍ ȏȈȔȍȌȓȐȓ ȧȊȐȚȤșȧ ȇ ȖșȚȈȕȖ-
ȊȐȓșȧ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȐȔ șȒȘȍșȚȐȊȠȐ ȘțȒȐ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȐ ȊȍȓȐȟȍșȚ-
Ȋȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑ ȋȘȖȏȕȣȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȗȘȐȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ, ȗȖ ȒȈȒȖȔț ȗȖȊȖȌț
ȧ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȚȈȒțȦ ȚȖȘȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȖșȈȕȒț ȕȖ ȖȕȈ ȚȖȋȌȈ Ȏȍ
ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ Ȕȕȍ șȈȔȖȔț ȚȈȒȖȑ șȔȍȠȕȖȑ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȖȊ-
ȓȈȌȍȚȤ ș șȖȉȖȑ Ȑ șȚȈȓ ȋȘȖȔȒȖ ȝȖȝȖȚȈȚȤ ȟȍȔ ȌȈȓȤȠȍ ȚȍȔ țȚȖ-
ȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȍȍ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ șȔȍȝ ȥȚȖȚ ȧ șȚȈȓ ȏȈȝȓȍ-
ȉȣȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȘȈșȗȓȈȒȈȓșȧ ȚȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ ȍȔț
ȗȖȓțșȓȖȊȈȔȐ, Ȋ ȟȍȔ ȌȍȓȖ ȕȖ ȔȣșȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȘȍȌȍȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȉȣșȚȘȖ
Ȑ ȚȈȒ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȖȚșȒȈȒȐȊȈȓȐ ȖȌȕȈ ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȖȑ ȟȚȖ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ șȖȍȌȐȕȐȚȤ Ȑȝ Ȋ ȖȌȕț ȐȌȍȦ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȌȈȚȤ ȍȍ
șȓȖȊȈȔȐ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț ȜȘȈȏȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȚȘȣȊȟȈȚȣȍ ȊȣȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈ-
ȓȐșȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȌȖȓȋȐȝ ȗȈțȏ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȓȟȈȕȐȍ șȘȍȌȐ ȘȍȟȐ șȖșȚȖȧ-
ȓȖ Ȋ ȚȘțȌȕȍȑȠȍȑ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ ȧ ȓȖȊȐȓ ȘȈȏȘȖȏȕȍȕȕȣȍ
ȔȣșȓȐ șȖȍȌȐȕȧȓ Ȑȝ ȕȈșȐȓȤșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖ ȞȍȓȖȍ Ȑ șȗȍȠȐȓ
ȊȣȋȖȊȈȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȓțșȓȖȊȈȔȐ DzȖȕȟȐȚȤ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȧ ȧ
ȕȍ ȔȖȋ țȒȈȏȈȓ ȍȔț ȕȈ șȊȖȐ ȏȈȗȐșȒȐ Ȉ șȈȔ șȚȈȓ ȉȍȋȈȚȤ ȗȖ
ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ǼȍȓȤȌȠȍȘ ȗȖȕȧȓ ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕțȎȕȖ ȌȈȚȤ ȘȊȖȚȕȖȍ Ȑ
ȗȖȠȍȓ ȏȈ ȕȐȔ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȕȐȞț ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȍȋȖ țȝȖȌȈ ȖȚȊȖ-
ȘȧȍȚșȧ ȌȊȍȘȤ Ȑ ȊȝȖȌȐȚ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȔȖȑ ȥȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȏȉȍșȐȓȖ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ ȧ ȝȖȚȍȓ șȒȘȣȚȤ ȖȚ Ȋșȍȝ șȊȖȍ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ
ȔȖȋȓȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤșȧ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȖȔ țȍȏȌȕȣȝ șȗȓȍȚȕȍȑ ȇ ȔȖȓȟȈȓ
ȖȌȕȈȒȖ Ȏ Ȑ ȝȖȌȐȓ ȊȏȈȌ Ȑ ȊȗȍȘȍȌ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȕȈȌȍȧșȤ ȟȚȖ
Ȗȕ șȒȖȘȖ țȑȌȍȚ ȕȖ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȗȕ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȓșȧ ț ȌȊȍȘȍȑ ȚȖȟȕȖ
ȟȈșȖȊȖȑ ȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȕȍȚȘțȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȌȖȋȈȌȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȖșȚȈ-
ȊȐȓ ȚȈȔ ȜȍȓȤȌȠȍȘ Ȍȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȟȚȖȉ ȗȖȉȍȘȍȟȤ Ȕȍȕȧ ȥȚȖ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȗȘȐȔȐȘȐȓȖ ș ȕȐȔ Ȑ ȧ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȓ Ȗȉ ȕȍȔ ȌțȔȈȚȤ
ǸȊȖȚȕȖȍ Ȕȕȍ ȌȈȓȐ Ȋ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȍ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȋȖ Ȉ ȟȍȘȍȏ  ȔȐȕțȚ
șȓțȟȐȓșȧ șȖ ȐȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȖȒ ȕȍȊȣȘȈȏȐȔȖȋȖ țȎȈșȈ ȧ ȐȕȈȟȍ
ȕȍ ȔȖȋț ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȐșȗțȋȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȖ-
ȐȏȖȠȍȓ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȉȍȋȈȧ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȧ ȊȌȘțȋ ȏȈȠȈ-
ȚȈȓșȧ Ȑ ȟțȚȤ ȕȍ țȗȈȓ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ ȗȖșȗȍȠȐȓ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ Ȕȍȕȧ
ȕȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȐȒȖșȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȚȈȒ ȐșȗțȋȈȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȈȒ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ
Ȕȕȍ țȋȘȖȎȈȦȡȐȔ Ȑ ȖȗȈșȕȣȔ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȏȈȒȘȐȟȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ
ȔȖȟȐ ș ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȍȔ șȈȔȖȋȖ țȎȈșȕȖȋȖ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȧ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȧ
ȉȣȓ ȕȈ ȒȘȈȦ ȗȘȖȗȈșȚȐ Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ Ȕȍȕȧ ȚȖȓȒȕțȓȐ Ȑ ȧ ȗȈ-

245
ȌȈȧ șȐȓȐȓșȧ țȌȍȘȎȈȚȤ ȘȈȊȕȖȊȍșȐȍ ȧ șȒȖȘȟȐȓșȧ ȊȍșȤ ȗȖȌ-
șȒȖȟȐȓ ȏȈȔȈȝȈȓ ȘțȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȖȋȈȔȐ Ȉ ȕȈ ȓȐȞȍ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȉȣȓȖ
șȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȎȈșȈ ȟȚȖ ȖȉȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ȗȍȘȍȗț-
ȋȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍ ȕȈ ȠțȚȒț ǶȕȐ șȚȈȘȈȓȐșȤ Ȕȍȕȧ țșȗȖȒȖȐȚȤ Ȑ Ȑȝ
ȊȒȘȈȌȟȐȊȣȑ ȋȖȓȖș șȒȖȘȖ ȖȉȘȈȏțȔȐȓ Ȕȍȕȧ ȇ șȚȈȓ țȉȍȎȌȈȚȤ
Ȑȝ ȕȍ ȗțȋȈȚȤșȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȋȖȚȖȊ ȉȣȓ ȗȓȈȒȈȚȤ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȐȓ ȐȏȊȐȕȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȏȈ ȚȖȓȟȖȒ ȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȖȌȕȖȔț Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȕȖȋȖȑ Ȋ ȋȘțȌȤ ȊȖ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȐșȗțȋȈ ǪșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȥȚȐȔ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȒȖȔ ȧ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȖșȓȈ-
ȉȍȓ Ȉ ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȧ șȕȈȟȈȓȈ ȍȡȍ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȓ ȓȦȌȧȔ ȟȚȖȉ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ
ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȓȐ Ȕȕȍ ȕȐ ȓȖȎȐȚȤșȧ ȕȐ șȈȌȐȚȤșȧ ȕȐ ȌȖȓȋȖ șȚȖȧȚȤ
ȕȈ ȖȌȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ șȌȍȓȈȍȚșȧ ȘȊȖȚȈ ȚȖ ȖȕȐ ȊȏȧȓȐ Ȕȍ-
ȕȧ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒȐ Ȑ șȚȈȓȐ ȊȖȌȐȚȤ ȗȖ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ șȗȍȘȊȈ ȧ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ
ȗȍȘȍȌȊȐȋȈȓ ȕȖȋȐ ȕȖ șȒȖȘȖ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȗȘȍȎȕȧȧ ȥȕȍȘ-
ȋȐȧ Ȋ ȔțșȒțȓȈȝ Ȑ ȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȏȈȠȈȋȈȓ, ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȅȚȖ ȉȣȓ
ȐȏȉȣȚȖȒ șȐȓ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȕȖșȚȤ ȐȏȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȚȤ Ȑȝ Ȕȕȍ
ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȧ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȕț ȉȍȋȈȚȤ ȚȖ ȕȈȒȖȗȐȊȠȐȑșȧ
ȐȏȓȐȠȍȒ ȘȈȏȘȈȏȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȕȊțȓȤșȐȧȝ
ǪȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȔȖȍ ȉȣȓȖ șȈȔȖȍ țȎȈșȕȖȍ ȔȣșȓȤ
ȟȚȖ ȧ ȖȚȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȟȚȖ ȊȖȚ șȍȑȟȈș Ȏȍ ȕȈșȚțȗȧȚ șțȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȟȚȖ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȋȕȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ șȖȑȌȍȚșȧ ș ȗȧȚ-
ȒȈȔȐ ȟȚȖ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȥȚȐȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȚ șȔȍȘȚȤ, — ȥȚȈ ȔȣșȓȤ
șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȈ ȖșȕȖȊț ȔȖȍȋȖ ȉȘȍȌȈ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ Ȑ Ȑȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȖȌȕȐ șȔȍȕȧȓȐșȤ ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ǵȖ ȕȍ-
ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȌȈ Ȑ ȉȍșȗȖȓȍȏȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȘȈșșȒȈȏȣȊȈȚȤ șȖȌȍȘ-
ȎȈȕȐȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȥȚȐȝ ȒȖȠȔȈȘȖȊ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȓȕȣȑ ȒȖȔȗȓȍȒȚ ȕȍ-
șȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȎȐȏȕȍȑ ȗȘȖȎȐȚȣȝ ȔȕȖȦ Ȋ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ
ǸȊȖȚȈ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓȈ Ȋ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȍ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȖȋȖ Ȑ ș ȕȍȦ ȊȣȠȓȖ
ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȘȈșȚȊȖȘȐȊȠȐȝșȧ ȗȐȓȦȓȤ ǿȚȖ-ȚȖ ȎȋȓȖ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȘȊȖȚȣ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ ȗȐȡȍȗȘȖȊȖȌȈ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ
ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȚ ȕȈȚțȋ ȖȉȖȘȊȈȓȈșȤ Ȋșȧ șȓȐȏȐșȚȈȧ ȖȉȖȓȖȟȒȈ
ȎȍȓțȌȒȈ Ȑ ȗȐȡȍȗȘȐȍȔȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȓȈ
Ǫ ȗȍȘȊȣȍ ȔȐȕțȚȣ ȗȖșȓȍ ȘȊȖȚȣ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȊȍșȤ
ȧȌ țȌȈȓȍȕ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȧ țȎȍ Ȋȕȍ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ ȕȖ șȐȓȤȕȍȑȠȍȍ ȘȈș-
șȓȈȉȓȍȕȐȍ ȚȍȓȈ ȊșȓȍȌ ȏȈ ȥȚȐȔ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȊȠȍȍ ȌȈȓȖ ȖȗȧȚȤ
ȗȘȍȎȕȍȍ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȉȘȍȌț Ȑ ș ȥȚȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȕȈȟȈȓȈșȤ țȎȍ ȔȖȧ
șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȈȋȖȕȐȧ Ƕ șțȌȖȘȖȋȈȝ ȧ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȍ ȌțȔȈȓ ȕȖ ȟțȊ-
șȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȍȕȐȍ șȔȍȘȚȐ ȗȖ ȔȍȘȍ țȊȍȓȐ-
ȟȐȊȈȊȠȍȑșȧ șȓȈȉȖșȚȐ ȇ ș ȚȘțȌȖȔ ȗȍȘȍȌȊȐȋȈȓ ȕȖȋȐ — ȓȦȌȐ

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ȊȖȌȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȖȌ ȘțȒȐ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȧ ȘȍȠȐȓșȧ ȗȖȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ ȗȖ-
ȚȖȔț ȟȚȖ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȈȧ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ șȖ șȔȍȘȚȤȦ
țȕȐȏȐȚȍȓȤȕȈ ȇ Ȋȍȓȍȓ ȗȖșȈȌȐȚȤ șȍȉȧ ȕȈ șȚțȓ ǻȔȐȘȈȦȡȐȔ
ȗȘȍȘȣȊȐșȚȣȔ ȋȖȓȖșȖȔ ȌȍȓȈȓ ȧ ȗȖȘțȟȍȕȐȧ ȘȖȌȕȣȔ șȊȖȐȔ
ȕȖ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȘȈȏȓțȒȐ ȕȍ ȌȈȓȖ Ȕȕȍ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȚȤ ȕȍș-
ȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȓȍȏ ȊȣȒȈȚȐȓȖșȤ Ȑȏ ȋȓȈȏ — ȧ ȔȈȝȕțȓ ȘțȒȖȑ Ȑ ȏȈ-
ȔȖȓȟȈȓ dzȦȌȐ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȊȠȐ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȖȗțșȒȈȦșȤ ȊșȍȔ ȚțȓȖȊȐ-
ȡȍȔ ȊȕȐȏ țȓȖȎȐȓȐ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȤ ǺȖȚȟȈș Ȏȍ ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȚȍȘȗ-
ȕțȚȤ Ȑ ȏȈșȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȕȖȋȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȐșȟȍȏȈȓȈ șȕȐȏț
ȊȊȍȘȝ Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȖȕȍȔȍȕȐȍ șȒȖȘȖ ȗȍȘȍȠȓȖ ȕȈ ȋȘțȌȤ ȗȖȚȖȔ Ȑ ȕȈ
ȘțȒȐ ȇ ȌțȔȈȓ ©ȊȖȚ Ȑ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȕȍȌȈȘȖȔ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ Ȋșȍ-
ȋȌȈ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ș ȕȖȋ« ǪȖȚ Ȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȈ șȚȣȕȍȚ« ǪȖȚ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȐșȒ-
ȘȈ șȊȍȚȐȚșȧ« ǫȈșȕȍȚ«ª Ǫșȍ ȒȖȕȟȐȓȖșȤ ǿțȊșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ
șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȚȍȘȧȕȣ ȚȈȒ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȉȣ
Ȋ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ țȔȍȘȍȚȤ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ Ȋ șȔȍȘ-
ȚȐ ǷȘȖȠȓȖ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȦ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȑ ȊȖȚ ȧ ȖȟțȚȐȓșȧ Ȋ
ȘȈȦ ǴȈȋȖȔȍȚȈ ǶȡțȡȍȕȐȧ ȒȈȒȐȝ ȧ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ Ȑșȗȣ-
ȚȣȊȈȓ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȍ ȚȍȓȖ ȇ ȏȈȉȣȓ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȧ țȔȍȘ
ȏȕȈȓ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȓȍȎț Ȋ ȗȖșȚȍȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ
ȋȈȠȐȠȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȕȈȌȐȊȐȚȤșȧ ȕȍȉȣȊȈȓȣȔ Ȗȡț-
ȡȍȕȐȧȔ ǵȍ ȔȖȋț șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȖ
Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ șȖȉȓȈȏȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ ȍșȓȐ ȖȕȐ Ȑ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐșȤ ȚȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȍȓȤȒȖȔ Ȑ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ ȉȣȓȐ
ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȍȔ Ȉ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȖȑ ȔȖȐȝ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȑ ©ǵȍȚ ȝțȌȈ
ȉȍȏ ȌȖȉȘȈª ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓ ȧ șȍȉȍ ȊșȗȖȔȐȕȈȧ Ȗ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȐȝ ȍȡȍ Ȕț-
ȒȈȝ șȊȖȐȝ Ȑ ȕȍ șȖȎȈȓȍȓ Ȗ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ ȋȈȠȐȠ Ȑ ȋȖȚȖȊ
ȉȣȓ ȉȣ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȔțȟȐȚȤșȧ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȏȍ ȏȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȔȐȕțȚ
ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȉȓȈȎȍȕșȚȊȈ ǵȖ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȍȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ șȖȕ țȎȍ ȕȈȟȈȓ ȖȊ-
ȓȈȌȍȊȈȚȤ țȗȖȍȕȕȣȔ ȚȍȓȖȔ ȔȖȐȔ Ȑ ȧ țșȕțȓ șȟȈșȚȓȐȊȣȑ Ȑ
ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȣȑ
ȇ ȖȗȘȈȊȐȓșȧ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ ȟȍȚȊȍȘȚȣȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȗȖșȓȍ
ȥȚȖȋȖ ȖȗȣȚȈ ȕȈ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ Ȏȍ ȌȍȕȤ ȧ șȗȈȓ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȉȍȏ ȗȘȖșȣȗȈ
Ȉ ȕȈ ȚȘȍȚȐȑ ȍȡȍ ȖșȚȈȊȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍșȊȧȏȕȖșȚȤ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ
ǰȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐ șȐȓȤȕȖȔ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȐ
ȋȈȠȐȠȈ țȔȖȗȖȔȍȠȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ ȧșȕȣȍ Ȏȍ ȗȘȖ-
ȔȍȎțȚȒȐ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȘȍȌȒȖ Ȑ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȍ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȌțȝȖȊ-
ȕȈȧ șȊȖȉȖȌȈ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ Ȋ

247
ȚȈȒȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȉȍȏȖȚȟȍȚȕȣ Ȑ ȔȖȋțȚ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ-
șȧ ȖȗȈșȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȒ Ȍȓȧ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȚȈȒ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȐȕȧȊȠȍȋȖ ȖșȖ-
ȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍȔ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȕȍȌȖȉȘȖȑ ȐȌȍȐ ȚȍȔ ȉȖ-
ȓȍȍ ȟȚȖ Ȑ șȈȔȣȍ ȔȐȔȖȓȍȚȕȣȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ ȔȖȋțȚ țȎȍ ȐȔȍȚȤ
șȈȔȖȍ șȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȕȣșȓȍȑ ȟțȊșȚȊ Ȑ
șȚȘȈșȚȍȑ ȋȈȠȐȠȐȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȌȖșȚȐȋȈȦȚ ȊȍȓȐȟȈȑȠȍ-
ȋȖ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ — ǵȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȚ țȎȍ ȏȌȍșȤ ȕȍ
Ȑșȗțȋ ȕȖ țȎȈș ȌȖȝȖȌȧȡȐȑ ȌȖ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȐȧ ȔȈȓȍȑȠȍȍ ȗȖȌȖȏ-
ȘȍȕȐȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ șȈȔȖȍ ȓȍȋȒȖȍ ȕȍțȌȖȊȖȓȤșȚ-
ȊȐȍ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȕȈȊȐșȚȤ Ȉ ȥȚȈ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ
ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȞȍȓțȦ ȉțȘȦ șȈȔȣȝ ȖȗȈșȕȣȝ ȐșȚȘȍȉȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ
ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȖȊ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐ ȚȍȔȗȍȘȈȔȍȕȚȍ ȎȍȓȟȕȖ-ȒȘȖȊ-
ȕȖȔ
_____
ǷȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȔ șȍȉȍ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȔȖȓȖȌȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț
ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȌȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȉȍȏ ȊȍȌȖȔȈ ȍȋȖ ȌȈȍȚșȧ ȗȖȘȞȐȧ ȋȈ-
ȠȐȠȈ ȗȘȐ șȈȔȖȑ ȊȖșȝȐȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȍ Ȉ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ
ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȘȈșșȟȐȚȈȕȕȣȔ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȊȖșȗȐȚȈȕȐȍȔ
ȊȒȖȘȍȕȧȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȔ ȕȍȗȖȒȖȓȍȉȐȔȖȍ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȓȍȗȖȍ ȗȖȊȐȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȊȖȎȌȦ șȊȖȍȔț Ȗȕ ȔȖȎȍȚ
ȌȖșȚȐȋȕțȚȤ ȊȍȟȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȚȍȔȐ ȉȓȈȎȍȕșȚȊȈȔȐ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȝ ȌȈȍȚ ȍȔț ȖȚȊȍȌȣȊȈȚȤ ȖȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȌȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȍȋȖ
ȗȖȊȍȓȐȚȍȓȤ — Ȑ Ȕȣ ȗȖȑȔȍȔ ȊșȦ șțȡȕȖșȚȤ ȚȖȋȖ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ©ǹȚȈȘȣȑ ǫȖȘȍȞª ȐȔȍȓ ȕȈ șȊȖȐȝ Ȧȕȣȝ
ȈȌȍȗȚȖȊ-ȐȏȔȈȐȓȤȚȧȕ DzȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȉȍȏ ȗȘȐȓȐȟȕȖȑ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȒȐ
ȉȍȏ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȣȘȈȉȈȚȣȊȈȕȐȧ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȕȖșȚȍȑ Ȑ
țȉȍȎȌȍȕȐȑ ȉȍȏ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ Șȍ-
ȏțȓȤȚȈȚȣ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȐșȤ ȉȣ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ǰ Ȕȣ ȔȖȎȍȔ
șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș 7URXVVHDX12 ȟȚȖ ȐȌȍȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȦȚ
ȚȍȔ ȒȚȖ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȋȈȠȐȠ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚșȧ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ
Ȋ ȕȈȠȐȝ ȘțȒȈȝ Ȍȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ
Ȋ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȖȔ șȔȣșȓȍ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȘȈșșțȌȖȒ Ƕȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȐ Ȍȍȑ-
șȚȊȐȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȚ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȍȘȕȖ Ȑ &DEDQLV13 ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȒȈșȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȕȖ ȖȗȐțȔ ȗȖ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȦ ȍȋȖ Ȓ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔț ȐȔȍȍȚ
ȔȕȖȋȖ șȝȖȌȕȖȋȖ ș ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț ȏȈȔȍȟȈȕȐȍ &DEDQLV

248
ȉțȌȍȚ ȏȌȍșȤ ȊȍșȤȔȈ țȔȍșȚȕȖ ©ǽȖȚȧ Ȍȓȧ șțȓȚȈȕȈ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȍȘ-
ȚȖȋȖ ȕȈ șȖȜȍ ȖȗȐȑȕȖȍ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȍ șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊ-
ȓȍȕȐȍȔ șȈȔȣȝ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȝ ȕȈșȓȈȎȌȍȕȐȑ ȕȖ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȧȕȣȟȈ-
ȘȈ ȐȓȐ șȗȈȋȐ ȚȖ Ȏȍ șȈȔȖȍ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȘȖȎȌȈȍȚ ȐȌȍȐ ȐșȚ-
ȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȒȘȖȊȐª
ǷȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȕȐȧ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȖ-
ȊȍȘȍȕȈ ȔȍȎȌț ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȔȐ ȋȈȠȐȠȐȕȈȔȐ Ȑ ȒȐȚȈȑșȒȐȔȐ Ȓț-
ȘȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ ȖȗȐțȔȈ14 ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȐȔȍȦȚ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȖȔ țȌȈȓȧȚȤ ȖȚ
șȍȉȧ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ ȔȖȋȓȖ ȉȣ ȌȈȚȤ ȕȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȍ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȑȝ
ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȐ Ȑ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȚ șȍȉȧ ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȍȔȐ ȗȘȍȌ-
ȔȍȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȓȐȞȈȔȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȐȚȤ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȋȈȠȐ-
ȠȈ ȕȈ Ȑȝ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȐȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȣ
ǰȚȈȒ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȧ Ȋ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȚȍȔȗȍȘȈȔȍȕȚ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ
șȊȖȑșȚȊȖ țȔȈ Ȑ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȕȖșȚȍȑ țȉȍȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȊȍȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ șȚȍ-
ȗȍȕȤ ȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȧ ȚȖȋȖ ȓȐȞȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȝȖȚȐȔ
ȌȈȚȤ ȋȈȠȐȠ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȕȍ țȗțșȒȈȧ Ȑȏ ȊȐȌț ȊȕȍȠȕȍȑ Ȗȉ-
șȚȈȕȖȊȒȐ Ȑ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍȋȖ ȍȋȖ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȧ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȗȣȚȈ Ȕȣ
ș ȊȍȘȕȖșȚȤȦ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȗȘȍȌțȏȕȈȚȤ Ȋ ȒȈȒȐȝ ȟȍȘȚȈȝ ȊȣȘȈȏȐȚșȧ
ȉȘȍȌ Ȑ ȒȈȒȖȍ Ȗȕ ȗȘȐȔȍȚ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ǷȖȕȧȚȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ
ȏȈȌȈȟȈ ȕȍȓȍȋȒȈȧ Ȑ ȧ ȕȈșȚȈȐȊȈȦ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȍȍ
ȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ
ǾȍȓȤ Ȑ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȣ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȈȚȤȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȦȚ ȕȈȔ ȊȖȑȚȐ Ȋ
ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȍ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȐ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȗȘȍȌȔȍ-
Țȍ ȎȍȓȈȦȡȐȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȖȉȘȈȚȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȦ 0RUHDX ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȍ ȉȍȏ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȧ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ țȌȖȊȓȍȚȊȖȘȐȚ Ȑȝ ȓȦȉȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖșȚȐ ȇ Ȏȍ ȗȘȐȉȈȊȓȦ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ ȋȈȠȐȠ
ȗȖșȚțȗȐȊȠȐ Ȋ ȒȘȖȊȤ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȍȚ ȕȍ ȕȈ șȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȞȍȕȚȘ,
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȌțȝȖȊȕțȦ șțȡȕȖșȚȤ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ Ȑ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȑ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍȚȘȖȕțȚȣȔ Ȉ ȕȈ ȔȖȏȋȖȊȣȍ ȖȘȋȈȕȣ ȐȕȚȍȓ-
ȓȍȒȚțȈȓȤȕȣȝ Ȑ ȈȜȜȍȒȚȐȊȕȣȝ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȍȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȊȖȏ-
ȉțȎȌȈȧ Ȋ ȊȣșȠȍȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ Ȑȝ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕțȦ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ǶȚ
ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȧȚ ȕȈ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȏȈȉȣȚȣȍ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȖȠȍȕȣȍ
ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȣ Ȑ ȓȐȞȈ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȖȌȕȖ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȗȘȖȉțȎȌȈȦȚșȧ
ȗȖȉțȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȒȓȖȕȕȖșȚȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ Ȑ șȚȘȈșȚȐ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȉȍșȗȖ-
ȘȧȌȖȟȕȖȍ șȚȖȓȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȘȖȎȌȈȍȚ ȉȘȍȌ ȉȍșșȊȧȏȕȣȑ Ȑ
șȉȐȊȟȐȊȣȑ șȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȑ Ȑȏ șȗȓȍȚȍȕȐȧ șȝȖȌȕȣȝ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȑ
ȐȓȐ Ȏȍ ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȖșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȖȌȕȖșȚȖȘȖȕ-
ȕȍȑ ȐȌȍȍȑ ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ șȐȓȤȕȍȍ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȗȖȘȈȏȐȓȈ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ-

249
Ƞȍ Ȑ ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȐȓȐ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȝ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȑ ȐȓȐ
ȊȣȘȈȉȖȚȈȓȈșȤ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍȔ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȝ ȗȖȉțȎȌȍȕȐȑ ȕȈȒȓȖȕ-
ȕȖșȚȍȑ ȟțȊșȚȊ Ȑ șȚȘȈșȚȍȑ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȕȍȍ ȋȘțȗȗȐȘțȦȚșȧ șȈȔȐ
șȖȉȖȑ șȝȖȌȕȣȍ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȧ ȟȍȘȚȣ Ȑ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȧ ȟȚȖ Ȑ șȖș-
ȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȖȌȕȖȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȕȖșȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ țȔșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ȘȈșșȚȘȖȑșȚȊȈ ǪȖȚ Ȋ ȟȍȔ șȖșȚȖȐȚ Ȋșȧ ȚȈȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȊȍșȤ
ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍș ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȕȈ ȔȖȏȋ
 ȋȖȌȈ -ȋȖ ȕȖȧȉȘȧ
1. Ɉɧ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɢɩɹɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ ɢ ɰɜɟɬɤɨɜ ɢɧɞɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɨ-
ɩɥɢ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɨɪɨɜɶɟɝɨ ɫɜɟɠɟɝɨ ɦɚɫ-
ɥɚ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɜɫɟɦ ɠɢɪɧɵɦ ɬɟɥɚɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɹɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬ-
ɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɝɚɲɢɲɚ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɹ ɤɢɩɹɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɩɚɪɢɜɚɸɬ ɞɨ ɝɭɫɬɨ-
ɬɵ ɫɢɪɨɩɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɤɜɨɡɶ ɯɨɥɫɬ ɡɚɫɬɭɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɬɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɦɚɫɥɨ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɢ ɬɨɲɧɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɤɭɫɚ
2. V. Cabanis. Rapports du phisique et du moral de l’homme. 8-me éd. Aug-
mentée de notes par L. Peisse. P. 376.
3. Histoire de la conquête de l’Angleterre par les Normands. Bruxelles. 4-me
pGLWLRQ  Ɍ ,9 S -53.
4. Moreau (de Tours). Du hachisch et de l’aliénation mentale, études psy-
chologiques. Paris. 1845. P. 10-12.
5. Moreau. L. ɫ Ɋ 
6. ɋɩɢɪɬɧɵɣ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɭɱɲɢɦ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɦ ɝɚɲɢɲɚ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ
ɱɬɨ &DQQDELQ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɝɚɲɢɲɚ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɩɢɪ-
ɬɟ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɪɱɢ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦ ɤɚɤ ɦɚɫɥɨ ɠɢɪ-
ɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɩɪɨɬɭɯɚɟɬ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɱɪɟɡ ɷɬɨ ɧɟɝɨɞɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛ-
ɥɟɧɢɹ Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɥɭɱɲɢɦ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɦ ɝɚɲɢɲɚ ɛɵɥ ɛɵ &DQQDELQ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ
ɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ
 ɧɨ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɬɪɭɞ-
ɧɨ ɞɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɬɨɦ ɭ ɧɚɫ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɹɯ
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɝɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ -ɦɹ ɦ -ɸ ɝɪɚɧɚɦɢ ɇɨ ɛɟɡ ɨɩɚɫɧɨ-

ɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɞɨ 30 ɝɪɚɧ
7. ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ɉɪɨɲɭ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹ ɧɟ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɦɨɢɯ ɩɨ-
ɧɹɬɢɹɯ ɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɧɟɱɬɨ ɜɪɨɞɟ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɦɟɧɹ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɢ
ɜɫɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɧɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɵɫ-
ɲɚɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ SHUFHSWLR
 ɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɧɢɹ FRQFHS-
WLR
 ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɷɬɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɹɦ.
8. Moreau. / ɫ ɪ 
9. / ɫ Ɋ -181.
10. *D]HWWH GHV K{SLWDX[  ʋ  S 
11. Ɇɧɟ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɠɢɪɧɵɣ ɥɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬ ɢɥɢ ɫɩɢɪɬɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɲɢɜɚɟɬ
+DUG\ ɤ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ GDZDPHVN¶\ ɧɨ ɫɭɞɹ ɩɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɟɫɥɢ ɬɚɦ ɢ ɛɵɥ ɫɩɢɪɬ-
ɧɵɣ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬ ɬɨ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ  ɝɪɚɧ
12. Trousseau et Pidoux. Traité de thérapeutique et de matière médicale. Pa-
ULV  4XDWULqPH HGLWLRQ Ɍ ,, 3 
13. Cabanis. L. c. P. 375.
14. Montfort. Voyage en Chine. Page 84-86.

ǻ. ǹȎțȑȓ
Ǽ DzdzǷǿȀǰǶǶ DZǮȆǶȆǮ
ǽȟȖȣȜșȜȑȖȥȓȟȘȎȭ ȕȎȚȓȠȘȎ

252
ǸȈȉȖȚȈȧ ȕȈȌ ȖȌȕȐȔ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȔ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗșȐ-
ȝȖȓȖȋȐȐ — ȧ ȉȣȓ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕ Ȋ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȤ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍșȚȐ ȕȍ-
ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȚȖȟȕȣȍ ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȌ șȖșȚȖȧ-
ȕȐȍȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ ǭșȓȐ ȗȘȐȍȔ ȥȚȖȋȖ
ȊȍȡȍșȚȊȈ ȕȍ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȚ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ ȋȘȈȕȐȞ ȖȗȣȚ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊ-
ȓȧȍȚ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ
ǪȊȐȌț ȥȚȖȋȖ ȊȍȟȍȘȖȔ  ȧȕȊȈȘȧ  ȋ ȧ ȗȘȐȕȧȓ  ȋȘȈȕ
extr. cannabis indicae. ǺȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȐșȗȣȚȈȓ Ȋ ȚȍȟȍȕȐȍ șȓȍȌțȦ-
ȡȐȝ ȚȘȍȝ ș ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȖȑ ȟȈșȖȊ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȌȖȊȖȓȤ-
ȕȖ ȖȉȡȐȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍș ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȧ șȖȖȉȡț ȏȌȍșȤ 1
 ȘȧȌ șțȉȢȍȒ-
ȚȐȊȕȣȝ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȑ 
 ȖȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȕȣȍ ȐȏȔȍȘȍȕȐȧ Ȑ Ȋ ȏȈȒ-
ȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ țȒȈȎț ȕȈ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȉȡȐȍ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȣ ȖȗȣȚȈ
, ǹțȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȕȣȍ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ
ǷȍȘȊȖȍ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȧ ȐșȗȣȚȈȓ ȔȐȕțȚ ȟȍȘȍȏ -10
ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȘȐȍȔȈ
 ȉȣȓȖ ȓȍȋȒȖȍ Ȑ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȍ ȖȌțȘȍȕȐȍ șȖȗȘȖ-
ȊȖȎȌȈȍȔȖȍ șȓȈȉȣȔ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȒȘțȎȍȕȐȍȔ ǶȘȋȈȕȐȟȍșȒȐȍ Ȗȡț-
ȡȍȕȐȧ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȤȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȑ ȚȍȗȓȖȚȣ șȘȈȏț ȊȖȏȘȖșȓȐ ǬȍȓȈȚȤ
ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖ ȕȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤ
Ȑȝ Ȓ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȞȍȓȐ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ țȎȍ ȚȘțȌ-
ȕȖ ǪșȧȒȖȍ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓȖ șȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ țșȐȓȐȧ,
ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȊȠȍȋȖ ȔȕȖȦ ȓȍȋȒȖȋȖ
șȕȈ ǨȒȚȐȊȕȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ ȚȈȒ ȖșȓȈȉȍȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ șȖșȟȐȚȈȚȤ
șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗțȓȤșȈ ǹȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȐȊȈȚȤ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȊ-
ȠȐȝșȧ Ȋ ȥȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȧȝ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȌȊȐ-
ȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȘȍȈȒȞȐȐ ȉȣȓȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȐȕȕȍȘ-
ȊȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȍ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ ȐȓȐ șȘȈȏț ȘȈȏȘȍȠȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ
ȐȓȐ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ țȌȈȊȈȓȖșȤ ǹȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȍ ȟȚȖ ȖșȓȈ-
ȉȍȓȖ ȉȣȓȈ ȊȖȓȧ Ȑ ȈȒȚȐȊȕȈȧ ȈȗȗȍȘȞȍȗȞȐȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ
 ǵȈ-
ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȗȈșșȐȊȕȈȧ ȊȖșȗȘȐȐȔȟȐȊȖșȚȤ ȧșȕȖ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȈȓȈ ȒȘȈș-
ȒȐ ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȖȊ șȚȈȓȐ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȧȘȟȍ Ȑȝ ȖȟȍȘȚȈ-
ȕȐȧ — Șȍȏȟȍ ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȈȧ ȗȍȘșȗȍȒȚȐȊȈ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ ǪȔȍ-
șȚȍ ș ȚȍȔ ȕȍ șȚȍșȕȧȍȔȣȍ șȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȊȖȓȍȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȊȖȓ-
ȕȍȕȐȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȈșșȖȞȐȐȘȖȊȈȓȐșȤ ș șȓțȟȈȑ-
ȕȣȔȐ ȊȕȍȠȕȐȔȐ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦȡȐȔȐ ș ȕȐȔȐ

253
ȕȐȒȈȒȖȑ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖȑ șȊȧȏȐ ȕȈȗȘȐȔ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖ ȜȐȏȐ-
ȟȍșȒȖȑ ȐșȚȖȔȣ Ȑ ȚȍȗȓȖȚȣ șȚȘȈȕȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȗȘȐșȖȍȌȐȕȧ-
ȓȖșȤ Ȓ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȔ ȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧȔ Ȑ ȗȖȚȖȔț
ȊȕȍȠȕȐȍ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȣ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȖȟȍȘȚȈȕȐȧ ȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȒ-ȚȖ ȖșȖ-
ȉȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȔȐ Ț ȍ șȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ țȎȍ ȚȈȒ ȖșȓȈ-
ȉȍȓȈ ȟȚȖ ȔȈȓȖ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȓȈ ȖȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ ȖȚ șțȉȢȍȒ-
ȚȐȊȕȣȝ, — ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ șȖȊșȍȔ ȐȉȖ ȥȚȐ șțȉȢȍȒ-
ȚȐȊȕȣȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ȍȡȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȈȓȐ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȊȐ-
Ȍȍ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȑ
ǷȘȐ ȍȡȍ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȠȍȑșȧ șȓȈȉȖșȚȐ ȊȖȓȐ ȈȜȜȍȒȚȣ șȚȈȓȐ
ȧȊȓȧȚȤșȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȐȋȘȈȧ ǩȍȏ Ȋșȧ-
ȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ ȝȖȚȍȓȖșȤ șȔȍȧȚȤșȧ ǷȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈȔ ȧ țȎȍ ȕȈȟȐ-
ȕȈȓ ȊȗȈȌȈȚȤ Ȋ ȉȍșșȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ǯȈ ȥȚȐ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȣ
șȟȍȚ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȚȈȒ ȖșȓȈȉȍȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐ ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȐ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ
Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȉțȌȚȖ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ȔȐȕțȚ 10, ȔȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ
ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȔȍȎțȚȒȐ ȉȣȊȈȓȐ ȕȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ  șȍȒțȕȌ
ǷȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ țșȐȓȐȊȈȧșȤ șțȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȕȣȍ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȟȈ-
ȓȐ ȗȘȍȖȉȓȈȌȈȚȤ ȕȈȌ ȖȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȕȣȔȐ ǶȉȘȈȏȣ Ȑ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈ-
ȕȐȧ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȔȖȋȓȐ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȣȏȊȈȕȣ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ș ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȚȘțȌȖȔ
ȕȖ ȘȈȏ ȊȣȏȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȓțȟȈȓȐ ȕȍȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕțȦ ȧȘȒȖșȚȤ ǷȘȐ
ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȥȚȐ ȖȉȘȈȏȣ ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȓȐ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȚȤ Ȗ ȘȍȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȔ ȔȐȘȍ ǪșȒȖȘȍ ȖȕȐ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȐȌ
ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȋȍȖȔȍȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȜȐȋțȘ Ȑ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȔț ȉȓȍșȒț
Ȑ ȞȊȍȚȈȔ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȓȐ Țȍ ȜȐȋțȘȣ ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȊȐȌȐȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȌȈ-
ȊȐȔ ȕȈ ȋȓȈȏ ȜȖșȜȍȕȣ
 ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ ȥȚȐ ȖȉȘȈȏȣ șȚȈȓȐ ȚȈȒ ȧȘ-
ȒȐ ȟȚȖ ȉȣȓȐ ȊȐȌȕȣ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȝ ȋȓȈȏȈȝ ȊȗȍȘȍȌȐ ȘȍȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȝ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȖȊ ȕȍȓȤȏȧ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȕȍ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȣȝ
ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȖȊ ȕȖ ȧ ȏȈȉȣȊȈȓ Ȑȝ ȏȈ ȧȘȒȖșȚȤȦ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȑ ȅȚȐ
ȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȐ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȋȖ Ȋ
șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȝ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȈȝ șȕȈ DzȈȎȍȚșȧ ȖȕȐ ȠȓȐ ȗȍȘȐȖȌȐȟȍșȒȐ
ȚȖ ȓȍȚȍȓȐ ș țȎȈșȕȖȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȖȑ ȚȖ ȐșȟȍȏȈȓȐ ȖșȚȈȊȓȧȧ șȖȏ-
ȕȈȕȐȍ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȣ ǪȖȓȧ ȕȈȌ ȔȣșȓȧȔȐ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ǵȈȟȐȕȈȓșȧ «ȊȐȝȘȤ ȐȌȍȑ».
Ǫ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȚȧȋȖșȚȕȣȍ ȖȘȋȈ-
ȕȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȧ ǷȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ ȕȈ Ȕȍȕȧ șȘȈȏț Ȑ ȉȍȏ
ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ ȊȕȍȠȕȍȋȖ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȕȈȗȈȓ ȉȍȏȖȚȟȍȚȕȣȑ șȚȘȈȝ ȇ
ȗȖȚȍȘȧȓ ȊșȧȒțȦ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚț ȗȖ-
ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț Ƕȕ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȓ ȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ Ȕȕȍ șȚȘȈȠȕȣȔ ǪȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ

254
ȧȊȐȓȈșȤ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȗ șȔȍȘȚȐ Ȗ ȊȍȟȕȖȔ ȉȍȏțȔȐȐ Ȗȉ ȖȚȘȈȊȍ ǻ
Ȕȍȕȧ ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓ ȚȈȒȖȑ șȐȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȖȚ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȖȡțȡȈȓ ȍȋȖ Șț-
ȒȖȑ ȟȘȍȏ șțȒȕȖ șȦȘȚțȒȈ ǫȖȓȖȊȈ ȋȖȘȍȓȈ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȓȈ ǸțȒȐ șȚȈ-
ȓȐ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣ ǹȍȘȌȞȍ ȉȐȓȖșȤ ȚȈȒ șȐȓȤȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȍȋȖ șȓȣȠȈȓ
ȌȣȝȈȕȐȍ șȗȐȘȈȓȖșȤ Ȑ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȓȖșȤ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ.
Dz ȥȚȖȔț ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚșȧ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ș
ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȖșȓȈȉȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȖȓȐ Ȑ ȈȒȚȐȊȕȖȑ ȔȣșȓȐ ȖșȓȈ-
ȉȍȓȐ ȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ. ǬȍȓȖ Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ
șȍȉȧ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȌțȘȕȖ Ȑ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȊȍȘȍȕ Ȋ ȗȍȟȈȓȤȕȖȔ
ȐșȝȖȌȍ ȖȗȣȚȈ Ȑ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȗ șȔȍȘȚȐ ț Ȕȍȕȧ ȧȊȐ-
ȓȖșȤ șȈȔȖȍ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕȖȍ ȚȡȍșȓȈȊȐȍ ȧ ȉȘȍȌȐȓ — Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȧȋȈȓ
Ȋșȍ țșȐȓȐȧ ȟȚȖȉȣ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȋ ȉȘȍȌț ȟȚȖ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ țȔȕȖȍ ȐȓȐ ȏȈ-
ȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȧ ȌțȔȈȓ ȟȚȖ țȔȐȘȈȦ — Ȑ Ȕȍȕȧ ȔțȟȐȓȖ ȎȍȓȈ-
ȕȐȍ țȔȍȘȍȚȤ ȒȘȈșȐȊȖ ǶȌȕȐȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ ș ȖșȓȈȉȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȖȓȐ Ȑ
ȈȒȚȐȊȕȖȑ ȈȗȗȍȘȞȍȗȞȐȐ ȐșȟȍȏȓȈ Ȑ ȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ șȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȦ-
ȡȈȧ șȐȓȈ ȕȐȏȠȐȍ ȥȔȖȞȐȐ — șȚȘȈȝȈ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ȎȐȏȕȐ Țȡȍ-
șȓȈȊȐȧ — șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȐșȤ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ țșȐȓȐȓȐșȤ ȊȣșȠȐȍ Ȏȍ Ȑșȟȍȏ-
ȓȐ ǵȖ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȟȍșȒȐȍ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ Ȋșȍ țșȐȓȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ǷȖșȚȍȗȍȕ-
ȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȔȖȐ ȔȣșȓȐ Ȋșȍ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȈ ȐșȟȍȏȈȓȐ ȖșȚȈ-
ȊȈȓȈșȤ ȖȌȕȈ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȈȧ ȉȖȓȤ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȚȖȟȕȖ ȓȖ-
ȒȈȓȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȇ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȟȚȖ ȕȈȝȖȎțșȤ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȚȖ ȚȍȔ-
ȕȖȔ Ȑ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȖȔ ȔȖȐȔȐ Ȏȍ
ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȐȓȐ ȊȍȘȕȍȍ — ȔȖȐȔȐ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧȔȐ ȅȚȐ
ȖȉȘȈȏȣ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȒȈȒȈȓȐ ȖȌȐȕ ȏȈ ȌȘțȋȐȔ Ȑ ȒȈȎȌȣȑ țȌȈȘȧȓ
Ȕȕȍ Ȋ șȍȘȌȞȍ ǷȖ șȗȐȕȕȖȔț ȔȖȏȋț ȗȘȖȉȍȋȈȓȐ Ȗȋȕȍȕȕȣȍ șȚȘțȑ-
ȒȐ ȎȍȓțȌȖȒ șȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓȐ șțȌȖȘȖȋȐ
ǷȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈȔ ȧ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȓ Ȋ șȍȉȧ Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ
ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȓșȧ Ȑȏ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȚȖ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȋȖ șȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȗȖ ȏȈ-
ȋȘȖȉȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȘȈȏ ȥȚȖ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ șȐȓȤȕȖ
Ȕȕȍ ȉțȒȊȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȊȖșȒȘȍș Ȑ ȘȈȌȖșȚȤ ȘȍȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȖȝȊȈȚȐȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ ș ȚȈȒȖȑ șȐȓȖȑ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȏȈȗȓȈȒȈȓ ȖȚ
șȟȈșȚȐȧ ǵȖ ȥȚȐ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȣ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍȌȖȓȋȖ ǵȖȟȤ ȉȍ-
ȏțȔȐȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȓȈ Ȕȍȕȧ Ȑ ȧ ȖȗȧȚȤ ȗȍȘȍȕȖșȐȓșȧ Ȋ
ȚȍȔȕȣȑ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȑ ȝȖȓȖȌȕȣȑ Ȑ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȔȐȘ
ȇ ȟȈșȚȖ șȚȈȘȈȓșȧ țȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȖ ȈȒȚȐȊȕȈȧ ȔȣșȓȤ
șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖșȓȈȉȍȓȈ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȕȐ ȕȈ ȟȍȔ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȐȚȤșȧ
ǺȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍȓȈȧ ȒȈȒȖȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȓȤȕȖȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȘțȒȖȑ

ȐȓȐ ȕȖȋȖȑ ȧ ȔȖȋ ȕȈ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȍȒțȕȌ ȖșȚȈȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȌȍȑșȚ-
ȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȔȐȘȍ ǪȍȘȖȧȚȕȈȧ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ — ȚȍșȕȍȑȠȈȧ șȊȧȏȤ
ȊȖȓȐ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȡȍȑ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ș ȈȒȚȐȊȕȖȑ ȈȗȗȍȘȞȍȗȞȐȍȑ
ǶȉȍșșȐȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȖȑ Ȉ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȗșȐȝȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȉȖ-
ȓȤȦ (ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȖȑ ȔȍȓȈȕȝȖȓȐȟȍșȒȖȑ
 ȧ șȚȈȓ ȕȈ-
ȒȖȕȍȞ ȊȗȈȌȈȚȤ Ȋ șȖȕ Ȑ ȏȈȉȣȚȤȍ ǬȊȐȎȍȕȐȧ Ȕȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍȊȣ-
ȕȖșȐȔȣ Ǵȍȕȧ țȓȖȎȐȓȐ șȗȈȚȤ ǹȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȘȖȌȖȓ-
ȎȈȓșȧ șȖȕ ȧ ȕȍ ȏȕȈȓ* ȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȗȖȓȕȖȍ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȍȎ-
ȕȐȍ ȌȐȒȐȍ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȐ ȗȘȖȓȍȚȈȓȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȏȘȍȌȒȈ Ȑ ȒȈȒ
ȉȣ ȊȌȈȓȐ ǯȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ șȖȕ ȧ ȧșȕȖ șȓȣ-
ȠȈȓ ȒȈȒ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȐ Ȋ șȖșȍȌȕȍȑ ȒȖȔȕȈȚȍ ȕȖ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȚȤ șȓȖȊ
ȕȍ ȔȖȋ
ǪȌȘțȋ ȧ ȗȘȖșȕțȓșȧ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȓȖșȤ — ȧ ȉȣȓ
ȖȗȧȚȤ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȏȌȖȘȖȊȣȔ Ȑ ȗȘȍȎȕȐȔ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȔ ȅȚȖȚ
ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌ ȌȖ ȚȈȒȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȍȕ ȟȚȖ ȧ ȔȖȋț ȗȖȧșȕȐȚȤ
ȍȋȖ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȍ DzȖȋȌȈ ǬȈȕȚȍ șȖȠȍȓ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ
ȈȌȈ ȔȐȘ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȏȊȍȏȌȕȖȍ ȕȍȉȖ
ȉȣȓȖ ȕȍ ȊȕȐȏț ȈȌȈ ȕȖ ȕȈȌ ȕȐȔ; ȒȖȋȌȈ ȧ ȌȖȠȍȓ ȌȖ ȒȖȕȞȈ
șȕȈ ȔȐȘ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ Ȍȓȧ Ȕȍȕȧ ȗȍȘȍȊȍȘȕțȓșȧ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ
țȎȈșȕȖȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤȦ șȚȈȓȖ ȕȐȟȚȖȎȕȖȑ ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈ-
ȞȐȍȑ ȏȈȕȧȊȠȍȑ șȒȘȖȔȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ șȘȍȌȐ ȗȘȖȟȐȝ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈ-
ȕȐȑ Ȗ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȚȖȔ ǰ ȥȚȖ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖȍ țȔȈȓȍȕȐȍ țȎȈșȕȖȋȖ ȉȣ-
ȓȖ ȚȈȒ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖșȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȧ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȘȈșșȔȍȧȓșȧ.
ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ șȓȈȉȖșȚȤ ȔȣșȓȐ șȖȝȘȈȕȐȓȈșȤ ȍȡȍ Ȑ ȕȈ șȓȍ-
ȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȇ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȊȈȓ ȌȖȔȈ Ȑ țȓȐȞȣ ȋȌȍ ȎȐȓ ȏȈȉȣ-
ȊȈȓ Ȋșȍ ȊȍȡȐ Ȑ Ț ȗȖȌ ǵȖ Ȋșȍ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȓȐȠȤ șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍȔ
ȌțȠȍȊȕȖȑ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȚȖȑ șȐȓȣ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȚȖȍ ȊȖ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ȖȗȣȚȈ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȓȖ Ȕȍȕȧ ǵȍȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȋȖ ȐȓȐ ȉȍȏțȔ-
ȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ țȎȍ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ
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* Ʉɚɤ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ ɜɫɟɝɨ  ɦɢɧɭɬ

260
  ǿȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȖȉȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȗȖȚȖȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ
  ǪȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȍ țȓțȟȠȍȕȐȍ ȖȉȡȍȋȖ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ǶȗȣȚȣ
ȕȈȌ ȞȊȍȚȖȊȣȔ ȒȖȕȚȘȈșȚȖȔ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȕȣȔ
ǷȖșȓȍ ȊȖȏȖȉȕȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȗȈȌȒȈ ǵ dz ȏȈȧȊ-
ȓȧȍȚ ȟȚȖ Ȋ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȐ ș ȚȍȔ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȗȍȘȍȎȐȊȈȍȚ ȊșȧȒȖȍ ȏȈ-
ȕȧȚȐȍ ȕȈțȒȖȑ ȊȏȌȖȘ ȌȈ Ȑ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ Ȋșȧ ȕȈțȒȈ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șțȍȚȈ ȕȍ
ȐȔȍȍȚ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖȋȖ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ ȅȚȖ Ȏȍ ǵ dz ȗȖȊȚȖ-
ȘȧȍȚ Ȑ ȊȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ Ȋ șȊȧȏȐ ș ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȧȔȐ Ȗ șȔȍȘȚȐ
ǵȍȘȍȌȒȖ Ȗȕ ȔȕȖȋȖȒȘȈȚȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȚȖ Ȏȍ șȈȔȖȍ ǪșȧȒȐȑ Ȑȕ-
ȚȍȘȍș Ȓ ȖȗȣȚț ț ȕȍȋȖ Ȑșȟȍȏ Ƕȉȡȍȍ șȈȔȖȟțȊșȚȊȐȍ Ȋșȍ țȝțȌ-
ȠȈȍȚșȧ
  DzȖȓȦȡȐȍ ȉȖȓȐ Ȋ șȗȐȕȍ Ȑ ȎȋțȟȐȍ Ȋ ȎȐȊȖȚȍ Ȍȣ-
ȝȈȕȐȍ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖȍ șȖ șȚȖȕȈȔȐ Ƕȉȡȍȍ ȚȧȋȖșȚȕȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ
ȌȖșȚȐȋȈȍȚ șȊȖȍȋȖ maximum'a. ǷȖșȓȍ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȔȖȓ-
ȟȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȉȣ ȖȚțȗȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚșȧ ȉȘȍȌ ǵ dz ȎȈȓțȍȚșȧ
ȚȖ ȕȈ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȉȖȓȤ ȚȖ ȕȈ ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȖ ȚȧȋȖșȚȕȖȍ ȌțȠȍȊ-
ȕȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ Ƕȕ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȏȊȈȓȐ ȊȘȈȟȈ Ȑ ȌȈȓȐ ȗȘȖ-
ȚȐȊȖȧȌȐȍ ȔȕȖȋȖȒȘȈȚȕȖ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȎȐȊȍȚ
ȍȡȍ Ȑ ȗȧȚȐ ȔȐȕțȚ ȕȖ ȕȍ șȔȍȘȚȤ ȍȔț șȚȘȈȠȕȈ Ȉ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ
țȔȘȍȚ șțȔȈșȠȍȌȠȐȔ DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ șȒȊȖ-
ȏȐȚ șȈȔȣȑ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȣȑ Weltschmerz. DzȈȎȌȣȍ ȗȧȚȤ ȔȐȕțȚ Ȗȕ
șȗȘȈȠȐȊȈȍȚ șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȖȠȓȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȍȔț ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȟȚȖ ș
ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȍȋȖ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈ ȗȘȖȚȍȒȓȐ Ȟȍȓȣȍ ȟȈșȣ ǪȔȍșȚȍ ș
ȚȍȔ Ȗȕ șȖȏȕȈȍȚ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȍȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ Ȑ ȎȍșȚȣ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȦȚ ȕȈ ȗȘȐ-
șțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ țȌȘțȟȈȦȡȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ Ȑ ȕȍȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȊȖȏ-
ȉțȎȌȈȦȚ Ȋ ȕȐȝ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȖȗȈșȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț Ȗȕ ȕȍȖȌȕȖ-
ȒȘȈȚȕȖ ȗȘȖșȐȚ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚȤ ȍȋȖ ǯȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȌȖ ȒȈȒȖȑ șȚȍȗȍ-
ȕȐ ȧșȕȖ Ȑ ȖȉȌțȔȈȕȕȖ Ȋșȍ ȟȚȖ Ȗȕ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ ȍșȓȐ ȊȣȌȍȓȐȚȤ
ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȍțȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȐȧ ȌȊȖȑșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȌȍȑșȚ-
ȊȐȍ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȌȐȒȐȍ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȐ ȕȈȘȧȌț ș ȚȘȍȏȊȣȔ șȈȔȖȕȈȉȓȦ-
ȌȍȕȐȍȔ
 ȕȈ ȕȍȔ ȧȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȊȐȌȕȖ ǷȖșȓȍ ȗȘȐșȚțȗȈ ȌȐȒȖȋȖ
ȉȍȠȍȕșȚȊȈ Ȑ șȈȔȣȝ ȖȚȟȈȧȕȕȣȝ Șȍȟȍȑ
Ȋ   ȊȗȈȌȈȍȚ ǵ dz Ȋ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ Ȋ
10  ȗȘȐ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȐȐ țșȚțȗȈȍȚ ȔȍșȚȖ șȕț
10.  ǵ dz țȎȍ ȗȘȖșȣȗȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȚȖȔ șȖ șȔȍȝȖȔ Ȑ
ȊȖȖȉȡȍ Ȋ ȟȘȍȏȊȣȟȈȑȕȖ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȖȔ ȉȍȏȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȖȔ șȖșȚȖȧ-
ȕȐȐ ǫȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȐ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ șȝȖȌȧ ș
ȓȍșȚȕȐȞȣ Ȋ ȚȍȔȕȖȚȍ
 ǵ dz ȟțȊșȚȊțȍȚ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȕȍțȊȍȘȍȕ-

261
ȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȗșȐȝȐȟȍșȒȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȍȡȍ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȕȍ-
ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖ — Ȗȕ ȕȍ țȏȕȈȍȚ ȕȈȗȘȐȔ ȌȖȘȖȋȐ ȌȖȔȖȑ Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ
șȊȖȍȑ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȣ
III. ǪȣȊȖȌȣ
ǰȏ ȗȘȍȌȣȌțȡȐȝ ȏȈȔȍȚȖȒ Ȕȣ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȔȍȎȌț ȗȘȖȟȐȔ șȌȍ-
ȓȈȚȤ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȍ ȊȣȊȖȌȣ
, ǷȘȐ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȍȒȚțȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȍ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ șȖȝȘȈȕȧȦȚșȧ ȕȍȐȏȔȍȕȕȣȔȐ Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍ-
Ȕȧ ȒȈȒ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȈȜȜȍȒȚȐȊȕȣȍ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ țșȐȓȍȕȣ Ȉ ȊȖȓȍȊȣȍ
— ȒȘȈȑȕȍ ȖșȓȈȉȓȍȕȣ ǺȈȒȖȊȈ ȖȉȡȈȧ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȈ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȖșȚȖȧ-
ȕȐȧ ǵȖ ȗȖșȒȖȓȤȒț ȗȖȏȕȈȊȈȕȐȍ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȧȍȚșȧ ȊȖȓȍȑ ȧȊȓȍ-
ȕȐȧ ȈȒȚȐȊȕȖȑ ȈȗȗȍȘȞȍȗȞȐȐ ȐȓȐ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ
 ȖȕȈ ȚȖȎȍ ȉȣ-
ȊȈȍȚ ȖșȓȈȉȓȍȕȈ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȊȖȊșȍ ȗȈȘȈȓȐȏȖȊȈȕȈ ȗȖșȒȖȓȤȒț ȌȈ-
ȓȍȍ ȈȜȜȍȒȚȐȊȕȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȍșȚȤ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚ ȌȐșȞȐȗȓȐȕȣ ȊȖȓȐ
ȖȉȓȈșȚȤ șȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȦȡȐȝ ȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȟțȊșȚȊ
 ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈ-
ȕȐȧ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȖșȚȖ țșȐȓȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȕȖ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȗȘȍȎȕȍȍ șȖ-
ȗȖȌȟȐȕȍȕȐȍ ȗȖ ȐȕȚȍȕșȐȊȕȖșȚȐ ȘȈȊȕȖȊȍșȐȍ
 ȕȈȘțȠȍȕȕȣȔ
ǹȖȝȘȈȕȍȕȐȍ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȍȒȚțȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȑ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȘȍȏȒȖ ȏȈ-
ȔȍȚȕȖ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ șȖȝȘȈȕȍȕȐȐ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ ȗȈșșȐȊȕȖȑ
 ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ
ȗȖȟȚȐ ȐșȟȍȏȈȍȚ ȗȘȐ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȖȗȐȍȔ DzȘȖȔȍ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȖ-
ȋȖ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ Ȍȓȧ șȈȔȖȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȑ ȥȚȈ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȋȈȠȐ-
ȠȈ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ș ȖȗȐȍȔ ȐȔȍȍȚ Ȑ ȖȉȡȐȑ ȚȍȖȘȍȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ
ȐȕȚȍȘȍș ǷȖȟȍȔț ȗșȐȝȐȟȍșȒȐȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ȊȣȏȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȋȈȠȐ-
ȠȍȔ șȖȍȌȐȕȧȦȚșȧ Ȋ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȚȊȍȘȌȣȍ ȈșșȖȞȐȈȞȐȐ Ȉ
șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ȊȣȏȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȖȗȐȍȔ — ȕȍȚ ȥȚȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ ȕȍȓȍȋȒȖ
ǻȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȗȐȍȔ,
ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȖȚȓȐȟȕȖ ȖȚ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȍȋȖ Ȕȣș-
ȓȐ Ȑ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȈșșȖȞȐȐȘțȦȚșȧ ȓȐȠȤ ș ȥȚȖȑ ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȕȖȑ
ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȉ ȕȍ ș ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȖȉȢȧșȕȐȚȤ țȒȈȏȈȕ-
ȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȧ ȐȉȖ ȗȘȐ ȖȚȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȐȍ
ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐ ȕȐȒȈȒ ȕȍ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ǴȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȥȚȖ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȍ ȌȖȓȎ-
ȕȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȧȚȤ Ȑȏ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȈ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȝ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȑ
ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȝ ȖȗȐȍȔ Ț ȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ ȗșȐȝȐȟȍș-
ȒȐȝ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȑ Ȓ ȈșșȖȞȐȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȦ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȧȍȚșȧ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑȝ

262
șȝȖȌșȚȊȖȔ ȐȓȐ șȔȍȎȕȖșȚȤȦ ȕȖ Ȑ Ȓ ȕ ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ Ȑȝ șȊȖȑșȚȊȈ-
ȔȐ ȕȈȗȘȐȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȑ ȐȓȐ ȔȍȕȤȠȍȑ ȧșȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȤȦ ǰȓȐ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȓ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȈșșȖȞȐȈȞȐȐ
șȗȖșȖȉȕȣ ȕȍ ȊȖȖȉȡȍ Ȋșȍ ȗșȐȝȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȉ ȕȈȗȘȐȔ
ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȏȕȈȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȐ ȋȈȠȐȠȍ șȖȝȘȈȕȧȦȚ-
șȧ
 Ȉ ȗȘȖȟȐȍ ȈșșȖȞȐȐȘțȦȚșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȕȐȝ? Ǫșȍ ȥȚȖ ȊȖȗ-
ȘȖșȣ Ȍȓȧ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ Ȕȣ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȔ ȗȖȒȈ ȕȐȒȈȒȖ-
ȋȖ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȈ ȐȉȖ Ȓ șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȦ ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȧ ȈșșȖȞȐȈȞȐȐ
ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȉȣȓȈ ȘȈȏȘȈȉȈȚȣȊȈȍȔȈ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȋ ȠȐȘȐȕț ȟȍȔ Ȋ
ȋȓțȉȐȕț ȗȖȌ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍȔ ȔȈȓȖȕȈțȟȕȖȋȖ ȌȖȋȔȈȚȈ Ȗ ȚȖȔ, ȟȚȖ
ȈșșȖȞȐȈȞȐȧ ȍșȚȤ ȗȘȖșȚȍȑȠȍȍ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȕȍȘȈȏ-
ȓȖȎȐȔȖȍ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ
 ǻȎȍ ȔȕȖȋȖȒȘȈȚȕȖ ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȠȕȖȍ
ȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȔȖȍ ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȕȈ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏ «ȘȈșȚȧ-
ȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ» ȕȍȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȔȍ-
ȎțȚȒȐ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȑ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȐȍ ȘȈșșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ȒȈȎțȚșȧ Ȍȓȧ ȖȚ-
ȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȋȈȠȐȠȍȔ ȟțȌȖȊȐȡȕȣȔȐ ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȔȐ ǰȏ
ȗȘȐȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȣȠȍ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȑ ȊȐȌȕȖ ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȘȈș-
ȚȧȎȍȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ șȈȔȖșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȈ ȕȖ ȖȉțșȓȖȊ-
ȓȍȕȖ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȘȈșȚȧȎȍȕȐȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ — ȚȧȋȖșȚȕȣ-
ȔȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧȔȐ Ȉ ȘȈșȚȧȎȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ — Ȗȡțȡȍ-
ȕȐȧȔȐ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȐ ǰȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȍ ȊȣȠȍ ȌȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȖ-
ȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȘȈșȚȧȎȍȕȐȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȐȔȍȓȖ ȔȍșȚȖ ȓȐȠȤ ȊȖ
ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ ȖȗȤȧȕȍȕȐȧ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȚȧȋȖșȚȕȣȝ Ȗȡț-
ȡȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ ȗȖȒȈ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȘȐȧȚȕȣȔ Ǩ
ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȘȈșȚȧȎȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ ȔȖȐ ȖȗȣȚȣ ȗȖȒȈ-
ȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐ ȔȈȓȣȝ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧȝ ȕȍ șȖȗȘȧȎȍȕȕȣȝ ș țȚȖȔ-
ȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȈȗȘ ȗȘȐ ȕȍȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȧȝ ȒȐșȚȤȦ Șț-
ȒȐ
 ȘȈșȚȧȎȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȍȚșȧ DzȖȕȍȟ-
ȕȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȖȏȘȈȏȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȖ ȖȉȢȧșȕȍȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐ
ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȖȑ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȐ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ȕȍ ȘȈșȚȧȋȐȊȈȍȚșȧ
ǵȖ ȊȖ-ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȒȈȚȍȋȖȘȐȟȍșȒȖȍ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȊȘȧȌ ȓȐ
ȊȍȘȕȖ ȕȈȗȘȐȔ Ȍȓȧ țȚȖȔȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗțȚȕȐȒȈ ȌȖȘȖȋȈ ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ
ȍȔț ȍȡȍ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȌȓȐȕȕȍȍ
ȟȍȔ ȖȕȈ ȍșȚȤ Ȉ ȊȖ-ȊȚȖȘȣȝ ȚȈ ȊȧȓȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȈȗȈȚȐȟȕȖșȚȤ ȒȖȚȖ-
Șȣȍ ȖȊȓȈȌȍȊȈȦȚ ȕȈȔȐ ȗȖȌ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍȔ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȚȈȒ ȕȍȖȉȣȒ-
ȕȖȊȍȕȕȣ Ȑ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȐșȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȣ
ȗȘȍȌȣȌțȡȐȔȐ ȖȗȣȚȈȔȐ ǯȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȟȚȖ ȐȓȓȦ-

263
ȏȐȧ ȗȘȐ ȋȈȠȐȠȍ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȧȍȚșȧ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȓȐȠȤ ȕȈ
ȚȖ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ Ȕȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȗȘȖȑȚȐ Ȉ ȕȍ ȕȈ ȚȖ
ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ țȎȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȐ ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȎȍ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȕȍ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȍ-
ȕȐȉțȌȤ Ȗȉȡȍȍ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȖȘȋȈȕȈ ȊȖșȗȘȐȧȚȐȧ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ
Ȉ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȈ ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȐȍ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȍȋȖ ȔȈșȠȚȈȉȖȊ
 ǶșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȣ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȍ ș ȖșȓȈȉ-
ȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȖȓȐ ȅȚȖ ȖșȓȈȉȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȈșȚțȗȐȓȖ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȔȋȕȖȊȍȕȕȖ
ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȖȒȖȓȖ  ȟȈș  ȔȐȕ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ șȐȓȤȕȣȝ
ȋȈȓȓȦȞȐȕȈȞȐȑ ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȗșȐȝȖȔȍȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȕȈȉȓȦ-
ȌȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȍ ȌȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ
ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȐȒȈȒȖȋȖ ȖȚȒȓȖȕȍȕȐȧ ȖȚ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕ ȘȍȈȒ-
ȞȐȖȕȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȐ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȐ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȕȖȔ ȕȈ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ
ȉȣȓȖ ȘȈȊȕȖ  ı ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȍ Ȏȍ  ı7 Ȉ ȗȘȐ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȐ
ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȕȖȔ ȕȈ ȊȖșȗȘȐȧȚȐȍ  ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȍ Ȏȍ 
 ȌȈ-
ȓȍȍ ȌȓȐȕȈ ȊȖȓȕȣ ȟțȊșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ Ȋ ȏȘȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ Ȗȡț-
ȡȍȕȐȧȝ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȘȈȊȕȖȑ   Ȑ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȊȍȓȐȟȐȕȈ ȚȖ-
Ȏȍ  8 ǷșȐȝȖȔȍȚȘȐȟȍșȒȐȍ Ȏȍ ȌȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȖșȓȍ
ȥȚȖȋȖ șȘȖȒȈ ȗȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȒȘȈȑȕȍ șȖȒȘȈȡȍȕȕȣȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈ Ț ȍ
ȕȈșȚțȗȓȍȕȐȍ ȚȈȒ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ șțȌȖȘȖȎȕȖȋȖ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȏ-
ȔȈ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȦȡȍȋȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȈȒȚȐȊȕȣȔ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȍȔ
ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȋ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȝ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȝ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȏȔ,
ȌȍȑșȚȊțȧ șȈȔȖșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖ ȖȚ ȊȖȓȐ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȍȚ șȊȖȐ ȜțȕȒȞȐȐ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ Ȑ ȟȈȡȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȚȖȟ-
ȕȍȍ ǺȈȒ ȖȗȣȚȣ ș Treppenfigur ȀȕȍȑȌȍȘȈ ȌȈȓȐ 1, 5 Ȉ ȕȖȘ-
ȔȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ șȔȍȕȍ   ȖȗȣȚȣ ȕȈȌ
ȊȣȏȖȊȖȔ ȊȖșȗȖȔȐȕȈȕȐȑ ȌȈȓȐ  1" Ȉ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȐ-
ȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ — 3, 1 ǯȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐȚȖȔ șȘȍȌȕȍȍ țȒȓȖ-
ȕȍȕȐȍ ȖȚȕȦȌȤ ȕȍ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȓȖșȤ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ș ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤ-
ȕȣȔ Ȉ ȊȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȔ ȘȧȌȍ ȖȗȣȚȖȊ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȖȒȘȈȚȐȓȖșȤ
ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȍ 0, 6").
 ǫȈȠȐȠ ȏȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȗȖȊȣȠȈȍȚ ȖȉȡȐȑ țȘȖ-
ȊȍȕȤ ȈȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȖȓȍȊȈȧ ȗȍȘȐȜȍȘȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȉȣȊȈȍȚ ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȖȕȐȎȍȕȈ9 ǷȘȐȕȐȔȈȧ ȊȖ ȊȕȐȔȈ-
ȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȏȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȐșȟȍȏȓȐ
ȚȈȒ ȉȣșȚȘȖ Ȑ ȉȍșșȓȍȌȕȖ ȟȚȖ Ȗȉȡȍȍ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȟȍșȒȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ
țȎȍ ȕȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȕȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȣȔ Ȕȣ
ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȘȈc-
șȚȘȖȑșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȗȣȚȈ ȉȣȓȖ Ȋ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȊȖȊșȍ

ȕȍ șȍȘȤȍȏȕȖ ǵȖ ȚȈȒȖȊȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȈȜȜȍȒȚȐȊȕȈȧ ȕȍțșȚȖȑȟȐȊȖșȚȤ
ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ ȕȍȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȘȈșșȚȘȖȑșȚȊȖ ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ șțȉȢȍȒȚț țȎȈ-
șȕȣȔ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȖȓȕȖȔ șȔȣșȓȍ șȓȖȊȈ ȕȍȊȣȕȖșȐȔȣȔ. ǹȖȊȍȘȠȍȕ-
ȕȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ Ȏȍ ȕȍșȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȐȍ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȑ ș Ȑȝ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȈȔȐ
ȒȖȕșȚȈȚȐȘțȦȚ Ȑ Ȋșȍ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȐ10 Ȑ Ȕȕȍ ȓȐȟȕȖ Ȑȏ-
ȊȍșȚȕȣ șȓțȟȈȐ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȐȍȔ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȗȖȘȖȎȌȈȓ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȘȈȌȖ-
șȚȕȖȍ Ȑ ȊȍșȍȓȖȍ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍ ȟȚȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒ Ȑȏ-ȏȈ șȈȔȖȑ ȕȐȟ-
ȚȖȎȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ ȝȖȝȖȚȈȓ ȉȍȏ țșȚȈȓȐ ǯȈȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȟȚȖ
ȥȚȖ țșȐȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȍ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȖȉȡȐȔ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȕȐȏ-
ȠȐȔȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧȔȐ ȕȖ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȧȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȕȈ ȊȣșȠȐȍ
Ȑ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȕȈȗȘȐȔ ȥșȚȍȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȥȔȖȞȐȐ ȇ ȗȖȔȕȦ
ȟȚȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȕȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȐ ȒȘțȋ ș șȍȒȚȖȘȈȔȐ ȌȖȗȖȓȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ
ȞȊȍȚȖȊ ȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋ ȖȚ ȕȍȋȖ ȖȚȖȘȊȈȚȤșȧ — ȚȈȒ Ȗȕ ȒȈȏȈȓșȧ Ȕȕȍ
ȗȘȍȒȘȈșȍȕ ȚȖ Ȏȍ șȈȔȖȍ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ǸȐȠȍ Ȑ DzȈȘȗȍȕȚȍȘ ȖȚ-
ȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȔțȏȣȒȐ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȔțȏȣȒȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȚȖȕȖȊ11.
ǺȈȒȖȍ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ Ȗȉȡȍȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȕȈ ȈȜȜȍȒȚȐȊ-
ȕțȦ ȊȖȏȉțȌȐȔȖșȚȤ șȓțȎȐȚ ȗȖ-ȊȐȌȐȔȖȔț ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ
ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȚȍȖȘȐȐ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȑ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ țȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ
ȕȈ ȚȖ ȟȚȖ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ șțȚȤ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȞȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȣȍ Ȗȡț-
ȡȍȕȐȧ ȓȖȒȈȓȐȏȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȖȉȡȍȔ
ȔȖȏȋȖȊȖȔ ȞȍȕȚȘȍ Dz șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȦ ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȧ ȟțȊșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȑ
ȍȡȍ ȚȈȒ ȔȈȓȖ ȘȈȏȘȈȉȖȚȈȕȈ Ȑȝ ȋȍȕȍȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȗȘȍȍȔșȚȊȍȕ-
ȕȖșȚȤ ȚȈȒ ȔȈȓȖ ȊȣȧșȕȍȕȈ ȟȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȕȐȉțȌȤ ȉȖȓȍȍ
ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȊȣȊȖȌȣ Ȑȏ ȗȘȐȊȍȌȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȣȠȍ ȌȈȕȕȣȝ Ȋ
ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊȘȧȌ ȓȐ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ
ǵȈ ȥȚȖȔ Ȕȣ Ȑ ȏȈȒȖȕȟȐȔ ȕȈȠț ȏȈȔȍȚȒț ȊȣȘȈȏȐȊ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȍ,
ȟȚȖȉȣ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȣ Ȋ ȉȖȓȍȍ
ȠȐȘȖȒȖȔ ȖȉȢȍȔȍ ǪȘȧȌ ȓȐ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ șȖȔȕȍȊȈȚȤșȧ ȟȚȖ șȐ-
șȚȍȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌșȚȊȖ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚȖȊ Ȑ Ȑȝ Ȗș-
ȚȖȘȖȎȕȖȍ ȚȖȓȒȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȌȈȚȤ Ȟȍȓȣȑ ȘȧȌ ȊȈȎȕȣȝ ȗșȐ-
ȝȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȌȈȕȕȣȝ Ȑ ȗȘȐȚȖȔ Ȋ Țȍȝ ȊȣșȠȐȝ ȖȉȓȈșȚȧȝ ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȖ șȐȝ ȗȖȘ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȌȈȦȚșȧ ȐȏțȟȍȕȐȦ ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ
ȖȉȣȒȕȖȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȔȍȚȖȌȖȊ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȐ
ǵ dzȈȕȋȍ

265
1. ɗɬɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɥɢ ɛɵɜɲɢɣ ɚɫɫɢɫɬɟɧɬ ɩɪɨɮ
ȼɭɧɞɬɚ D-r Ludwig Lange ɢ D-r Ɉ. Kulpe. ɋɸɞɚ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɢ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ
ɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɦɢ ɫ ɦɨɢɯ ɫɥɨɜ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ.
2. ɂɡ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ Ʌɸɞɜɢɝɨɦ Ʌɚɧɝɟ ɢ ɦɧɨɸ ɨɛɧɚɪɭ-
ɠɢɥɨɫɶ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ
ɧɚ ɱɬɨ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɥɢ,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɜɧɟ-
ɲɧɟɟ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɧɶ-
ɲɟ ɱɟɦ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɗɬɢɦ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɬɶ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɩɪɨ-
ɱɟɝɨ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɯ ɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ
Ɉ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɟ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɦ Philos.
Studien, V.
 ɑɟɪɟɡ ı ɦɵ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɦ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ Ʉɚɬɟɥɥɹ
 ɨɞɧɭ ɬɵɫɹɱɧɭɸ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɵ
 Ɉ ɜɨɥɧɚɯ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟ ɢɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɦ ɦɨɢ «Beiträge zur
Theorie d. sinnl. Aufmerksamkeit» (Philos. Studien, IV
 ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɡɥɨɠɟ-
ɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɭ ȼɭɧɞɬɚ ɜ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɦ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɢ «Ɏɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɫɢ-
ɯɨɥɨɝɢɢª ɬ ,, ɫɬɪ 3, 253 ɢ ɫɥɟɞ

 Ʌɟɫɬɧɢɱɧɚɹ ɮɢɝɭɪɚ ɒɧɟɣɞɟɪɚ ɨɧɚ ɞɚɧɚ ɜ «Ɏɢɡ ɩɫɢɯ» ȼɭɧɞɬɚ
 ɟɫɬɶ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɝɥɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɩɨɧɹɬɨ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɜɵɩɭɤɥɨɟ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɜɨɝɧɭɬɨɟ ɇɚɛɥɸɞɚɹ ɷɬɭ ɮɢɝɭɪɭ ɧɟɤɨɬɨ-
ɪɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɦɵ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɟɦ ɱɬɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɟɟ ɧɟɢɡɛɟɠ-
ɧɨ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɬɟɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɷɬɢ
ɢɫɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɠɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧ-
ɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ ɜɨɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɹ ɬɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɦɟɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɵɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɦɟɪɢɥɨɦ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɬɵ ɜ ɫɦɟɧɟ ɜɨɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɣ ɬ ɟ ɦɟɪɢɥɨɦ ɛɵɫɬ-
ɪɨɬɵ ɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɢɯ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧ
ɞɜɭɦɹ
 ȼ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɵɲɟ ɦɨɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ (Beitrage etc.) ɹ ɫɬɚɪɚɥɫɹ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ
ɱɬɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɥɸɛɨɟ
ɢɡ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɣ ɟɫɬɶ ɥɨɠɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɫɭɦɦɢɪɨɜɚ-
ɧɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɚɫɫɢɦɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɦɵ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ ɭɫɢ-
ɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɦ
 ɫ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɦ ɜ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧ-
ɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɜɨɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɷɬɚ ɫɭɦɦɚ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ
ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɟɦ ɨɞɧɨ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɟ
ɨɬ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɤɚɠɭɳɟɟɫɹ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɛɥɸ-
ɞɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɧɚɦɢ ɫ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɦ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɦ Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɧɢ-

ɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɧɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɥɧɵ
 ɬɨ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɠɟ
ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɬ ɟ ɜɨɫ-
ɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɦɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɚɦ ɢɧɚɱɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ ɫɬɚɪɚɹɫɶ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɨɡɧɚ-
ɧɢɢ ɤɚɤɨɟ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɩɪɟɠɧɟɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɵ ɥɢɲɶ ɧɚ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɦɨɠɟɦ ɫɨɨɛɳɢɬɶ ɟɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɂ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɭɠɟ ɞɚɜɧɨ ɡɚɦɟɱɟɧɵ ɧɚɩɪɢɦ
Ɏɟɯɧɟɪɨɦ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɹɫɧɵɦ ɡɚɬɟɦ
ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɛɥɟɞɧɟɟɬ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɡɜɚɧɨ ɉɨ ɦɨɢɦ
ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɦ ɷɬɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɡɨɜɟ ɨɛɪɚ-
ɡɨɜ ɜɨɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɢɦ ɩɨɥɨɫ ɧɚ ɤɪɭɝɟ Ɇɚɫɫɨɧɚ
 ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɫɨɨɬ-
ɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɯ ɠɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ
 ɗɬɚ ɜɩɪɨɱɟɦ ɢ ɫɚɦɚ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɜ  ɬɵɫɹɱɧɵɯ
ɫɟɤɭɧɞ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ ɧɟ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɭɞɚɱɧɵɦ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ
ɤɚɤ ɬɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɢ ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɭɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ  ı ɜɦɟc-
ɬɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ  ı).
 ɗɬɢ ɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɜɡɹɬɵ ɢɡ ɦɨɟɣ ɰɢɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ-
ɧɨɣ ɜɵɲɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ (Philos. Stud.. IV, ɫɬɪ 

9. ɇɨɬɧɚɝɟɥɶ ɢ Ɋɨɫɫɛɚɯ ©Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɤ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɢª Ɋɭɫɫɤ ɩɟɪ ɞ-ɪɚ
ɦɟɞ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɚ ɫɬɪ 3.
 ©ə ɩɨɦɧɸ ɨɞɧɚɠɞɵ — ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ Ɋɢɲɟ ³ɋɨɦɧɚɦɛɭɥɢɡɦ ɞɟɦɨɧɢɡɦ ɢ
ɹɞɵ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ´ Ɋɭɫɫɤ ɩɟɪ ɫɬɪ 
 — ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɦɨɢɯ ɞɪɭɡɟɣ
ɩɪɢɧɹɥ ɝɚɲɢɲɚ ɹ ɯɨɬɟɥ ɛɵɥɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɬɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɟɝɨ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶ-
ɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɤɨɥɨɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɫɥɟɝɤɚ ɛɭɥɚɜɤɨɣ ɫɚɦɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɷɬɨɣ ɛɭɥɚɜɤɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɥ
ɟɝɨ ɜ ɧɟɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɣ ɭɠɚɫ Ɉɧ ɛɪɨɫɢɥɫɹ ɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɫ ɜɨɩɥɹɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɛɭɞɬɨ ɹ
ɯɨɬɟɥ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨ ɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɭɩɚɥ ɩɟɪɟɞɨ ɦɧɨɸ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɟɧɢ ɭɦɨɥɹɹ
ɦɟɧɹ ɜɨ ɢɦɹ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɞɪɭɠɛɵ ɢ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɫɜɹɬɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɷɬɨɣ
ɭɠɚɫɧɨɣ ɦɭɤɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɹ ɫɜɨɣ ɭɠɚɫ ɢ ɦɨɥɶɛɵ ɨɧ ɩɪɢɛɟɝɚɥ ɤ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɬɪɚ-
ɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɟɱɚɦ ɢ ɠɟɫɬɚɦ ɱɬɨ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɫɦɟɯɚª
11. Ɋɢɲɟ, ibid., ɫɬɪ  Ʉɚɪɩɟɧɬɟɪ Ɏɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɭɦɚ Ɍ II ɪɭɫɫɤ ɩɟɪ
 ɢ ɫɥɟɞ ɋɪ. Ɍ. Ɇɨreau: «Du hachich et de aliénation mentale". Etude
psychologique.

267
ǷȘȐȔȍȟȈȕȐȧ
ȅȗȐȋȘȈȜ Ȓ șȉȖȘȕȐȒț ȊȏȧȚ Ȑȏ șȚȐȝȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ ǰ ǹȍȊȍȘȧȕȐȕȈ -

 ©ǫȈȠȐȠ ǵȍȜȚȐșª 

ǶȘȜȖȋȘȈȜȐȧ Ȑ ȗțȕȒȚțȈȞȐȧ Ȋșȍȝ ȗțȉȓȐȒțȍȔȣȝ ȚȍȒșȚȖȊ ȗȘȐȉȓȐȎȍ-
ȕȣ Ȓ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȕȖȘȔȈȔ
Ǫșȍ ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȈȞȐȐ Ȓ ©ǫȈȠȐȠțª Ǽ dzȍȔȔȍȘȔȈțȥȘȈ ȏȈ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍȔ
ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȈȞȐȐ ȕȈ ș  ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȚ ǫ ǯȐȉȍȕț Ȑ ȊȏȧȚȣ Ȑȏ ȗȍȘȊȖ-
ȋȖ ȕȍȔȍȞȒȖȋȖ ȐȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȒȕȐȋȐ 
 Ǫșȍ ȗȘȖȟȐȍ ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȈȞȐȐ Ȑ
ȏȈșȚȈȊȒȐ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȚ Ǵ ǩȓȍȑȕț Ȑ ȊȏȧȚȣ Ȑȏ Ȓȕ. Verlaine P. Ha-
shish and Incense ([New York], 1929).
Ǩ ǬȦȔȈ ǰȏ ȘȖȔȈȕȈ ©ǫȘȈȜ ǴȖȕȚȍ-DzȘȐșȚȖª
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȐȏȌ ǬȦȔȈ Ǩ ǹȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ șȖȟȐȕȍȕȐȑ Ȋ ȌȊȍȕȈȌȞȈȚȐ
ȚȖȔȈȝ ǺȖȔ ȊȖșȤȔȖȑ ǫȘȈȜ ǴȖȕȚȍ-DzȘȐșȚȖ ǸȖȔȈȕ ǿȈșȚȐ  
3, 4 Ǵ 
 ǷȍȘ dz ǶȓȈȊșȒȖȑ Ȑ Ǫ ǹȚȘȖȍȊȈ
Ǯ Ȍȍ ǵȍȘȊȈȓȤ ǫȈȠȐȠ
ǶȚȘȣȊȖȒ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ șȖȉȖȑ ȊȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȕȖȊȍȓȓȍ ©ǰșȚȖȘȐȧ ȝȈȓȐ-
ȜȈ ǽȈȒȐȔȈª 
 ȊȖȠȍȌȠȍȑ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȍ Ȋ Ȓȕ ǷțȚȍȠȍșȚȊȐȍ ȕȈ ǪȖș-
ȚȖȒ 
 ǷȍȘ Ǵ ǺȈȑȔȈȕȖȊȖȑ
Ǻ ǫȖȚȤȍ Dzȓțȉ ȋȈȠȐȠȐșȚȖȊ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ Revue des Deux Mondes, 1846 ȜȍȊȘȈȓȤ ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ
ȐȏȌ Ǻ ǫȖȚȤȍ Dzȓțȉ ȋȈȠȐȠȐșȚȖȊ ǸȈșșȒȈȏȣ Ǵ 
 ǷȍȘ dz ǷȍȘ-
ȝțȘȖȊȖȑ
©Dzȓțȉ ȋȈȠȐȠȐșȚȖȊª șȖȉȐȘȈȊȠȐȑșȧ Ȋ ȖȚȍȓȍ ǷȐȔȖȌȈȕ – ȖșȖȉȕȧȒȍ
XVII Ȋ ȕȈ ȖșȚȘȖȊȍ ǹȍȕ-dzțȐ Ȋ ǷȈȘȐȎȍ – ȊȖȏȕȐȒ Ȋ  Ȑ ȗȘȖșțȡȍ-

268
șȚȊȖȊȈȓ ȌȖ  ȋ Ǫ Ȓȓțȉ ȗȖȔȐȔȖ ǫȖȚȤȍ ȊȝȖȌȐȓȐ Ȁ ǩȖȌȓȍȘ Ǫ
ǫȦȋȖ ȅ ǬȍȓȈȒȘțȈ Ǯ Ȍȍ ǵȍȘȊȈȓȤ Ǩ ǬȦȔȈ Ƕ ǩȈȓȤȏȈȒ Ȍ-Ș Ǯ ǴȖ-
Șȍ Ȍȍ ǺțȘ Ȑ ȌȘ ǹȓȍȌțȍȚ ȖȚȔȍȚȐȚȤ ȟȚȖ ȕȍ Ȋșȍ ȟȓȍȕȣ ȒȓțȉȈ ș ȥȕȚț-
ȏȐȈȏȔȖȔ ȖȚȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ Ȓ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȦ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ șȔ ȕȐȎȍ ȥșșȍ Ȁ
ǩȖȌȓȍȘȈ
 Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȘȈșșȒȈȏ ǫȖȚȤȍ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȑ Ȏȍ ȔȍȘȍ ȐșȚȐȕȕȣȔ
ȖȗȐșȈȕȐȍȔ ©ȏȈșȍȌȈȕȐȧª ȒȓțȉȈ Ȑ ȊȖȏȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ Ȑ
ȐȘȖȕȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȜȈȕȚȈșȔȈȋȖȘȐȍȑ ǵȐȎȍșȓȍȌțȦȡȐȍ ȗȘȐȔȍȟȈȕȐȧ Ȋȏȧ-
Țȣ Ȑȏ ȐȏȌ ǵȍȘȊȈȓȤ Ǯ Ȍȍ ǬȊȈ ȈȒȚȍȘȈ ȕȈ ȖȌȕț ȘȖȓȤ ǵȖȊȍȓȓȣ
(Ǵ 
 Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȚ ǹ ǯȍȕȒȐȕț
ǹ  dzȖȏȍȕ ǨȕȚȖȕȍȕ ǵȖȔȗȈȘ Ȍȍ DzȖȔȖȕ ȋȍȘȞȖȋ Ȍȍ –1723) —
ȗȘȐȌȊȖȘȕȣȑ dzȦȌȖȊȐȒȈ ;,9 ȗȘȖșȓȈȊȐȊȠȐȑșȧ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȋȘȖȔȒȐȔȐ
ȐȕȚȘȐȋȈȔȐ
ǹ  ǹȒȈȓȤȒȍȕ ǫȖȚȜȘȐȌ –1706) — ȋȖȓȓȈȕȌșȒȐȑ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ
ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ țȔȍȓȣȔ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ șȊȍȚȖȊȣȝ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ Ȋ ȐȕȚȍ-
ȘȤȍȘȍ
ǹ 6. ǭȋȐȗȍȚșȒȈȧ ȝȐȔȍȘȈ, ȊȖ ȊȒțșȍ dzȍȉȘȍȕȈ, ș șȐȌȧȡȐȔ ȕȈ ȕȍȑ
ȈȔțȘȖȔ«
— Ǫ ȒȓȈșșȐȞȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȎȐȊȖȗȐșȐ ȀȈȘȓȧ dzȍȉȘȍȕȈ
(1619–
 ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏțȍȚșȧ ȈȓȓȍȋȖȘȐȧ
ǹ  dzȍȔțȈȕ ǼȘȈȕșțȈ –1737) — ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȧȓ șȚȍȕ-
ȕȣȍ ȘȖșȗȐșȐ
ǹ 7. ǷȍȘȍȌ ȉțȜȍȚȖȔ șȚȖȧȓ ȌȖȒȚȖȘ« — ǰȔȍȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ǮȈȒ-
ǮȖȏȍȜ ǴȖȘȖ Ȍȍ ǺțȘ –
 ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȑ ȔȍȌȐȒ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ
ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȕȈȘȒȖȚȐȒȖȊ ȕȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ
ǹ 8. ǫȈȔȔȍȘ — DZȖȏȍȜ ȜȖȕ ǫȈȔȔȍȘ-ǸțȘȋȠȚȈȓȤ –
 ȕȍȔȍȞ-
ȒȐȑ ȖȘȐȍȕȚȈȓȐșȚ ȊȣȗțșȚȐȊȠȐȑ Ȋ  ȋ ©ǰșȚȖȘȐȦ ȖȘȌȍȕȈ ȈșșȈ-
șȐȕȖȊª ȜȘȈȕȞ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌ — 1833).
ǹ 31. ǬȈȊȒțș DzȈȘȖȚȈ Ȑȏ ©ǯȖȓȖȚȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȠȒȈª — ȚȈȒȖȑ ȗȍȘșȖȕȈȎ
©ȒȖȘȖȓȤ ȖȊȖȡȍȑª
 ȜȐȋțȘȐȘțȍȚ ȕȍ Ȋ ©ǯȖȓȖȚȖȔ ȋȖȘȠȒȍª Ȉ Ȋ ȌȘț-
ȋȖȑ șȒȈȏȒȍ ȅ-Ǻ-Ǩ ǫȖȜȔȈȕȈ — ©DzȖȘȖȓȍȊșȒȈȧ ȕȍȊȍșȚȈª 

ǹ 31. «ȒȖȘȕȐ ȔȈȕȌȘȈȋȖȘȣ« — ȅȚȖ ȘȈșȚȍȕȐȍ ș ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȚȘȈȌȐ-
ȞȐȖȕȕȖ șȊȧȏȣȊȈȓȖșȤ ȔȕȖȋȖ ȔȈȋȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȖȊȍȘȐȑ ȕȍ ȘȈȏ ȊșȚȘȍȟȈȍȚ-
șȧ Ȋ ȜȈȕȚȈșȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȕȖȊȍȓȓȈȝ ȘȖȔȈȕȚȐȒȖȊ ©ǰȏȈȉȍȓȓȈ ǭȋȐȗȍȚ-
șȒȈȧª Ǩ ȜȖȕ ǨȘȕȐȔȈ Ȑ Ț Ȍ


269
ǹ 32. ǼȈȕȚȈȏȐȧ — ȥȚȐȔ șȓȖȊȖȔ Ȋ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȍ — ȗȖ-ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕșȒȐ
ȕȈ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ ȒȈȒ ȗȐșȈȓ Ǯ-Ǯ ǴȖȘȖ Ȍȍ ǺțȘ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȈȦȚ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ
ȥȑȜȖȘȐȐ ȕȈșȚțȗȈȦȡȍȍ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȘȐȍȔȈ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ
ǹ  «ȒȈȒ Ȋ ©ǪȈȓȤȗțȘȋȐȍȊȖȑ ȕȖȟȐª ǫȍȚȍ — ǰȔȍȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȥȗȐ-
ȏȖȌ ǪȈȓȤȗțȘȋȐȍȊȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȟȈșȚȐ ©ǼȈțșȚȈª
ǹ 34. ȀȐȒȈȘ — ȒȈȘȕȈȊȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȗȍȘșȖȕȈȎ ȖȚȗȓȧșȣȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȋȘȖ-
ȚȍșȒȕȣȍ ȚȈȕȞȣ
ǹ  «ǶȗȍȘȈ ȊȘȍȔȍȕ ȊȓȈȌȣȟȍșȚȊȈ ǴȦȏȈȘȈ« — DzȖȔȗȖȏȐȚȖȘ Ȑ ȌȐ-
ȘȐȎȍȘ ǼȐȓȐȗȗ ǴȦȏȈȘ –
 ȗȐșȈȓ Ȑ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȓ ȚȈȕȞȍȊȈȓȤ-
ȕțȦ ȔțȏȣȒț Ȍȓȧ ȉȈȓȖȊ-ȔȈșȒȈȘȈȌȖȊ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ țșȚȘȈȐȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȟȈșȚ-
ȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȏȈȓȍ ȗȈȘȐȎșȒȖȑ ǶȗȍȘȣ
ǹ  «ȊȍȓȐȒȖȓȍȗȕȖȑ ȚțȗȖșȚȤȦ ǶȌȘȐ ȝȘȐȗȓȣȔ ȊȏȌȖȘȖȔ ǨȓȒȐȌȈ
Ǻțȏȍ șȈȔȖțȊȍȘȍȕȕȖȑ ȋȓțȗȖșȚȤȦ ǨȘȕȈȓȧ ȖȉȍȏȤȧȕȤȐȔȐ ȋȘȐȔȈșȈ-
ȔȐ ǸȈȊȍȓȧ« — ǷȍȘȍȟȐșȓȧȦȚșȧ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȍ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȍ ȒȖȔȐȟȍș-
ȒȐȍ ȈȒȚȍȘȣ ;,; ȊȍȒȈ
ǹ  ǬȖȔȤȍ ǶȕȖȘȍ –
 Ȑ ǫȈȊȈȘȕȐ ǹȦȓȤȗȐș-ǫȐȑȖȔ Ȁȍ-
ȊȈȓȤȍ –1866) — ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȐ-ȒȈȘȐȒȈȚțȘȐșȚȣ
ǹ 35. ©ǪȖȓȠȍȉȕȣȑ șȚȘȍȓȖȒª — ȖȗȍȘȈ Dz-Ǵ ȜȖȕ ǪȍȉȍȘȈ 

ǹ  DzȖȓȖșșȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȜȘȐȉțȘșȒȐȑ ȖȘȋȈȕ — ȏȕȈȔȍȕȐȚȣȑ ȖȘȋȈȕ Ȋ ȋȖ-
ȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȞȍȘȒȊȐ șȊ ǵȐȒȖȓȈȧ Ȋ ȠȊȍȑȞȈȘșȒȖȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȍ ǼȘȐȉțȘȍ
ǹ 36. ǼȍȓȐșȤȍȕ ǬȈȊȐȌ (1810–1876) — ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȑ ȒȖȔȗȖȏȐȚȖȘ
ȈȊȚȖȘ ȔțȏȣȒȐ ȕȈ ȊȖșȚȖȟȕȣȍ șȦȎȍȚȣ
ǹ  ǷȐȓȓȍ ǰȗȗȖȓȐȚ 1610–
 Ȑ ǪȈȚȍȓȤ țȔ 
 — ȌȊȖȘȍȞ-
ȒȐȍ dzȦȌȖȊȐȒȈ ;,9 Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȞȈ DzȖȕȌȍ țșȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȐ ȗȘȐȌȊȖȘȕȣȝ ȗȘȈȏ-
ȌȕȍșȚȊ
ǹ  «ȗȘȐȏȘȈȒȐ șȔțȡȈȊȠȐȍ șȊȧȚȖȋȖ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȧ« — ǰȔȍȍȚșȧ Ȋ
ȊȐȌț ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȈȕȐȍ Ȗȉ ȐșȒțȠȍȕȐȐ șȊȧȚȖȋȖ ǨȕȚȖȕȐȧ
Ȋ ȗțșȚȣȕȍ
ǹ 37. «ȌȖȟȤ dzȈȌȖȕȈ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌțȍȔțȦ ǷȈȕȖȔ — ȅȗȐȏȖȌ Ȑȏ ©ǴȍȚȈȔȖȘ-
ȜȖȏª ǶȊȐȌȐȧ ȕȐȔȜȈ ǬȈȜȕȈ ȌȖȟȤ ȘȍȒȐ dzȈȌȖȕ șȗȈșȈȧșȤ ȖȚ ȗȘȍș-

270
ȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȉȖȋȈ ǨȗȖȓȓȖȕȈ Ȉ ȕȍ ǷȈȕȈ
 ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȍȕȈ ȗȖ ȍȍ ȔȖȓȤȉȍ
Ȋ ȏȍȓȍȕȣȑ ȓȈȊȘ
ǹ  «ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ șȌȍȓȈȓ ǷȥȒ ș ǩȖȚȚȖȔȖȔ« — ȅȗȐȏȖȌ Ȑȏ ȒȖȔȍȌȐȐ
ȀȍȒșȗȐȘȈ ©ǹȖȕ Ȋ ȓȍȚȕȦȦ ȕȖȟȤª 
 ȗȘȖȒȈȏȓȐȊȣȑ ȥȓȤȜ ǷȥȒ
ȊȕțȠȈȍȚ ȞȈȘȐȞȍ ȥȓȤȜȖȊ ǺȐȚȈȕȐȐ ȓȦȉȖȊȤ Ȓ ȗȘȖșȚȖȊȈȚȖȔț ȘȍȔȍșȓȍȕ-
ȕȐȒț ǩȖȚȚȖȔț Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȍ Ǻ ȁȍȗȒȐȕȖȑ-DzțȗȍȘȕȐȒ — ǶșȕȖȊȍ
 ȒȖ-
ȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȗȕ țȊȍȕȟȈȓ ȖșȓȐȕȖȑ ȋȖȓȖȊȖȑ
ǹ  «ȒȈȒ ȋȖȓțȉȖȑ ȉȖȋ ȀȐȊȈ — ǹȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȐȕȌȐȑșȒȖȔț ȔȐȜț ȉȖȋ
ȀȐȊȈ ȗȘȖȋȓȖȚȐȓ ȧȌ ȖȚ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȓ ȗȖȋȐȉȕțȚȤ ȔȐȘ Ȑ
ȖȚ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȍȋȖ ȋȖȘȓȖ ȗȖșȐȕȍȓȖ
ǹ  Tread-mill (Ȉȕȋȓ.) — ȉțȒȊȈȓȤȕȖ ȒȖȓȍșȖ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ
ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȊȘȈȡȈȚȤ ȒȈȚȖȘȎȕȐȒ ȏȌȍșȤ Ȋ ȗȍȘȍȕȖșȕȖȔ șȔȣșȓȍ — ȒȈȒ
ȔțȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ Ȑ ȉȍșȗȓȖȌȕȣȍ țșȐȓȐȧ
ǹ  «ȒȈȒ ǬȈȜȕț Ȋ ǺȦȐȓȤȘȐ — ǰȔȍȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȊȐȌț șȒțȓȤȗȚțȘȕȈȧ
ȋȘțȗȗȈ ȘȈȉȖȚȣ ǵȐȒȖȓȈ DzțșȚț ©ǨȗȖȓȓȖȕ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ǬȈȜȕțª

 Ȋ ȗȈȘȐȎșȒȖȔ șȈȌț ǺȦȐȓȤȘȐ
ǹ  «ȒȈȒ ȖȒȖȓȌȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȕȞȣ Ȑȏ ©ǺȣșȧȟȐ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐ» —
ǹȔ Ȋ ©ǹȒȈȏȒȈȝ ȚȣșȧȟȐ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȕȖȟȐª ©ǸȈșșȒȈȏ ȏȈȒȖȓȌȖȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ
ȦȕȖȠȐª ȕȖȟȐ -9).
ǹ  ǩȈȠȕȧ dzȐȓȈȒ — ȅȚȖ șȖȖȘțȎȍȕȐȍ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȏ țȗȖȔȐ-
ȕȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȒȕȐȋȈȝ ǫȖȚȤȍ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖșȚȍȑ Ȗ ȕȍȔ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ
ȕȍ țȌȈȓȖșȤ
ǹ 41. ǷȐȘȈȕȍȏȐ ǬȎȖȊȈȕȕȐ ǩȈȚȚȐșȚȈ –1778) — ȐȚȈȓȤȧȕșȒȐȑ
ȋȘȈȊȍȘ ȟȤȐ ©ȈȘȝȐȚȍȒȚțȘȕȣȍ ȜȈȕȚȈȏȐȐª ȊȣȏȣȊȈȓȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ Ȑȕ-
ȚȍȘȍș Ȋ ȥȗȖȝț ȘȖȔȈȕȚȐȏȔȈ
ǹ 42. «Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȧ țȏȕȈȓ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ — ȅȚȖ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ
ǼȍȘȕȈȕ ǩțȈșșȈȘ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȑ ǫȖȚȤȍ ȕȈ ȍȋȖ ȒȊȈȘȚȐȘȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖ-
ȌȐȓȐ ©șȍȈȕșȣª ȋȈȠȐȠȐșȚȖȊ
ǹ 43. «ǬȈȊȐȌȖȊț ȈȘȜț ȏȈȔȍȕȐȚ ȘȖȧȓȤ ȅȘȈȘȈ — ǷȖȌȘȈȏțȔȍȊȈȍȚșȧ
ȉȐȉȓȍȑșȒȐȑ ȥȗȐȏȖȌ ǷȍȘȊȈȧ ȒȕȐȋȈ ǹȈȔțȐȓȈ ;9, 
 ȋȌȍ Ȧȕȣȑ
ǬȈȊȐȌ șȊȖȍȑ ȔțȏȣȒȖȑ țȚȍȠȈȍȚ șȚȘȈȌȈȕȐȧ ȞȈȘȧ ǹȈțȓȈ ȔțȟȐȔȖȋȖ
ȏȓȣȔ ȌțȝȖȔ

271
ǹ 3. «șȓȖȊȕȖ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ ȗȖșȓȍ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȍȕȐȧ ǴȈȓȤȉȘțȒȈ — ǸȍȔȐ-
ȕȐșȞȍȕȞȐȧ Ȑȏ ȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȑ ȗȍșȍȕȒȐ ©ǴȈȓȤȉȘțȒ Ȋ ȗȖȝȖȌ șȖȉȘȈȓșȧª
Ǫ ȗȍșȍȕȒȍ Ȋ ȟȈșȚȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖȍȚșȧ ©ǫȖșȗȖȌȐȕ Ȍȍ ǴȈȓȤȉȘțȒ țȔȍȘ țȔȍȘ
Ȑ ȗȖȋȘȍȉȍȕ« ȇ ȊȐȌȍȓ ȒȈȒ ȟȍȚȣȘȍ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȈ ȗȘȖȊȖȎȈȓȐ ȍȋȖ Ȋ ȔȖ-
ȋȐȓțª Ȑ Ț Ȍ
Ȁ ǩȖȌȓȍȘ ǷȖȥȔȈ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȐȏȌ ǩȖȌȓȍȘ Ȁ ǰșȒȈȕȐȧ ȘȈȧ ǹǷȉ 
 ǷȍȘ
Ǫ dzȐȝȚȍȕȠȚȈȌȚȈ
©ǷȖȥȔȈ ȋȈȠȐȠȈª – ȗȍȘȊȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤ ȒȕȐȋȐ ǩȖȌȓȍȘȈ Les Paradis Ar-
tificels: Opium et Haschisch (1860
 Ǫ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȗțȉȓ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȗȘȐȊȍȌȍ-
ȕȖ ȖȚȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȍȍ Ȓȕ ©ǰșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȘȈȑª ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȐȍ
Ǽ dzȍȔȔȍȘȔȈțȥȘ ǫȈȠȐȠ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȐȏȌ ǫȈȠȐȠ ǯȍȓȤȍ ǪȖșȚȖȒȈ Ǵ 
 ǷȍȘ ǰ
Ǵ-ȋȖ
Ǽ dzȍȔȔȍȘȔȈțȥȘ -1932) – ȈȊșȚȘȐȑșȒȐȑ ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȗȖȥȚ ȎțȘ-
ȕȈȓȐșȚ ȈȊȚȖȘ ȘȖȔȈȕȖȊ ©ǨȓȝȐȔȐȒª 
 ©ǩȍȓȓȈȌȖȕȕȈª 
 Ȑ
ȌȘ ǩȣȓ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔ ș ǫ ǴȈȓȍȘȖȔ Ȑ Ǹ ǪȈȋȕȍȘȖȔ ǨȊȚȖȘ ȓȐȉ-
ȘȍȚȚȖ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȊȠȍȑșȧ țșȗȍȝȖȔ ȖȗȍȘȣ Ǩ ǸȦȒȈțȜȈ «Die Rosentha-
OHULQª 
 ǵȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȒȘȐȚȐȒȐ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȦȚ ȟȚȖ ȗȖȊȍșȚȤ ©ǫȈȠȐȠ»
ȚȈȒȎȍ ȉȣȓȈ ȕȈȗȐșȈȕȈ Ȋ ȘȈșȟȍȚȍ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕțȦ ȖȗȍȘȕțȦ ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊ-
Ȓț
Ǩ ǫȖȓȍȕȐȡȍȊ-DzțȚțȏȖȊ ǫȈȠȐȠ
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȗȍȘȊȖȔț ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȖȔț ȐȏȌ ǫȖȓȍȕȐȡȍȊ-DzțȚțȏȖȊ Ǩ
ǫȈȠȐȠ ǸȈșșȒȈȏ ȚțȘȒȍșȚȈȕȞȈ ǹǷȉ 1875).

Ƿ ǫȕȍȌȐȟ ǫȈȠȐȠ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǵȐȊȈ  ȹ - ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȐȏȌ
Ƿ Ƿ ǫȕȍȌȐȟ -1925) – ȗȐșȈȚȍȓȤ ȌȘȈȔȈȚțȘȋ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȟȐȒ Ȑș-
ȚȖȘȐȒ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ ǻȟȐȓșȧ Ȋ ǨȒȈȌȍȔȐȐ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊ Ȋ ǹȈȕȒȚ-ǷȍȚȍȘ-
ȉțȘȋȍ — ȕȍ ȖȒȖȕȟȐȓ
 ǸȍȌȈȒȚȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȎțȘȕ ǹȍȊȍȘ (1888)
Ȑ ǭȎȍȋȖȌȕȐȒ ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȖȘșȒȐȝ ȚȍȈȚȘȖȊ 
 ǷȘȍȌșȍȌȈȚȍȓȤ ȗȍȚȍȘ-
ȉțȘȋșȒȖȋȖ dzȐȚȍȘȈȚțȘȕȖ-ȈȘȚȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȒȘțȎȒȈ -1895), țȗ-
ȘȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȑ ȚȘțȗȗȖȑ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘȐȕșȒȖȋȖ ȚȍȈȚȘȈ -1908) ș
 ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘ Ȕțȏȍȧ ǶȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ȗȖȖȡȘȍȕȐȧ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊ ǨȊȚȖȘ ȔȕȖ-
ȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȏȈȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕȐȑ ȗȤȍș ȚȘȍȝȚȖȔȕȖȑ ©ǰș-
ȚȖȘȐȧ ȐșȒțșșȚȊ ș ȌȘȍȊȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȊȘȍȔȍȕª (1897).
Ȇ. ǹȈȊȐȟ ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȕȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ
ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ ǨȚȍȕȍȑ ǮțȘȕȈȓ ȒȘȐȚȐȒȐ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ Ȑ ȓȐ-
ȚȍȘȈȚțȘȣ  ȹ  ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȐȏȌ ǷȖȌșȚȘȈȕȐȟ-
ȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȔ Ȋȣȕȍșȍȕȣ Ȋ ȒȖȕȍȞ ȚȍȒșȚȈ
ǵ dzȈȕȋȍ Ƕ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȐ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ
ǪȗȍȘȊȣȍ Ȋ ȎțȘȕ ǪȖȗȘȖșȣ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȐȐ Ȑ ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȐ  Ȓȕ 
ǷțȉȓȐȒțȍȚșȧ ȗȖ ȥȚȖȔț ȐȏȌȈȕȐȦ
ǵ ǵ dzȈȕȋȍ -1921) – ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚȈȓȤ-
ȕȖȑ ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȐ ǷȖșȓȍ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȒȖ-ȜȐȓȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȜȈ-
ȒțȓȤȚȍȚȈ ǹȈȕȒȚ-ǷȍȚȍȘȉțȘȋșȒȖȋȖ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ 
 șȚȈȎȐȘȖȊȈȓ-
șȧ Ȋ ǫȍȘȔȈȕȐȐ Ȑ ǼȘȈȕȞȐȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȓ Ȋ ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚȍ
Ǫ ǪțȕȌȚȈ ǪȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȐ ȗȘȐȊȈȚ-ȌȖȞȍȕȚ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȖȘ ǵȖȊȖȘȖș-
șȐȑșȒȖȋȖ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚȈ Ȋ ǶȌȍșșȍ ȋȌȍ Ȋ  ȋ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȈȓ ȖȌȕț Ȑȏ
ȗȍȘȊȣȝ Ȋ ǸȖșșȐȐ ȥȒșȗȍȘȐȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȓȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȑ
Ǩ ȀȍȘȔȈȕ

ǶȋȓȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ
Ǩ ǬȦȔȈ ǰȏ ȘȖȔȈȕȈ ©ǫȘȈȜ ǴȖȕȚȍ-DzȘȐșȚȖª
7
Ǯ Ȍȍ ǵȍȘȊȈȓȤ ǫȈȠȐȠ Ȑȏ ©ǰșȚȖȘȐȐ ȝȈȓȐȜȈ
ǽȈȒȐȔȈª
14
Ǻ ǫȖȚȤȍ Dzȓțȉ ȋȈȠȐȠȐșȚȖȊ
23
Ȁ ǩȖȌȓȍȘ ǷȖȥȔȈ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ
45
Ǽ dzȍȔȔȍȘȔȈțȥȘ ǫȈȠȐȠ
98
Ǩ ǫȖȓȍȕȐȡȍȊ-DzțȚțȏȖȊ ǫȈȠȐȠ ǸȈșșȒȈȏ
ȚțȘȒȍșȚȈȕȞȈ
179
Ƿ ǫȕȍȌȐȟ ǫȈȠȐȠ ǸȈșșȒȈȏ ȔȖȍȋȖ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȖȋȖ
198
ǷȘȐȓȖȎȍȕȐȧ
Ȇ ǹȈȊȐȟ Ƕ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȐ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ ȕȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ
ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔ
227
ǵ dzȈȕȋȍ Ƕ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȐ ȋȈȠȐȠȈ
251
ǷȘȐȔȍȟȈȕȐȧ
267

ǵȈșȚȖȧȡȈȧ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȧ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌțȍȚ ȐșȒȓȦȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ
ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȖ-ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȞȍȓȐ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȏȕȈ-
ȟȍȕȈ Ȍȓȧ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȓȐȉȖ ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȊȖșȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍ-
ȕȐȧ Ȑ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕȐȧ ȐȏȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐȉȣȓȐ Ȑ Țȗ
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