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CaBOCTbHHOB A.H.. 2007
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Bee npaBa 3aWKllleHbI

COAep3CaHHe
BBeJJ;eHHe .................................... 7
'-IACTb 1. OB.H llCJ1XOJIOrJ1.H ..... . . . . . . . . . . .. 9
Pa3JJ;eJl 1. IIpeJJ;MeT nCHXOJlOI'HH H ee KaTeropHH . . . . . .. 10
1.1. llpeJJ;MeT nCHXOJJOrHH H ee OTpRCJJH ........... 10
1.2. TeOpHJI OTpameHHJI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 12
1.3. IIcHxHKR H M031' .......................... 16
1.4. JJ:eJlTeJJbHOCTb H JIH'IHOCTb K8K nCHXOJJOI'H'IeCKHe
K8TeropHH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 23
1.5. C03HRHHe KRK nCHXOJJOI'H'IecKRSI KRTeI'OpHSI .... 25
PR3JJ;eJl 2. IIcHxH'IecKHe npOl.(eCCbl H COCTOSlHHJI. . . . . . ., 32
2.1. OII.\YlI.\eHHSI ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. 32
2.1.1. CYII.\HOCTb OII.\YlI.\eHHH .................. 32
2.1.2. KR'IecTBROII.\YlI.\eHHH................... 35
2.2. BoCnpHJlTHe. ... ...... .... ... ... .. .-... . . .. 36
2.2.1. CYII.\HOCTb BOcnpHHTHH ................. 36
2.2.2. BHJJ;bl BOCnpH.HTH.H . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 38
2.3. llaMHTb , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 41
2.3.1. OnpeJJ;eJleHHe n8.MHTH.. , ......... .... '" 41
2.3.2. IIpol.(eccbl nRMHTH .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 42
2.3.3. BHJ\bl naMJlTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 45
2.3.4. 3MOUHOHlUIbHIIJIIIRMSlTb aKTepR .. . . . . . . .. 47
2.3.5. IIcHxoJIol'H'IecKHe cnoc06bl onTHMH3RUHH MHec-
TH'IeCKHX npoueccoB ................... 49
2.4. BHHM8HHe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .- . . . . . . . . . . . .. 52
2.4.1. CYII.\HOCTb BHHMRHHJI . . .. .. . . . . . . . .. . . .. 52
2.4.2. BHJJ;bl BHHMRHHSI ...................... 53
2.4.3. CneumtmKR Cl.(eHH'IeCKOI'O BHHMRHHH
RKTepR ......,....................... 54


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2.5.2. KJlaCCmpilKaltll.H '1YBCTB II BII,/J;bI 3MOltIlH. . .. 59
2.6. llCIIXOMOTOplll<8 '" . . . . . . , . , . , . . . . . . . . . . .. 62
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2,6.2. CellcoMOTopllbie II H.AeOMOTOpHble
npOl\eCcbI............................ 63
2.7. BoJlJl .........,......................... 65
2.7.1. CYII.\HOCTb BOJlII ....................... 65
2.7.2. BOJleBb1eKa'lecTBa .....................67
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2.9. MbllIIJlelllle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 74
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2.10, Boo6pan<elllle................,.,........ 78
2,10.1. Onpe,/J;eJleHlle. . . . . . . . . . , . . . , . . , . . . . . .. 78
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2.10.3. Cl\eHII'IecKoe BOO6paJKeBlle ,..,......... 81
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3.1. llOll.llTHe JlH'IHOCTIl . . . . . . , . . . , , . . . . . . . . . . .. 85
3.1.1. HanpaBJJeBIlOCTIl JlII'IIIOCTIl . . .. . . . . .. . . .. 87
3.1.2. On biT JJII'IHOCTII ......".. . . . . . . . , . . . ., 89
3.1.3. TeMnepaMeHT . . . . . . . . .. . .. , . . . .. . .. . .. 93
3.2. XapaKTep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 98
3.2.1. CYHocTbxapaKTepa ...........,..,... 98
3.2.2. qePTblll npOJlBJJeHH.II xapaKTepa, . . . . . . .. 100
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3.3.2. KJlaccH$IIK8l\IIJi aKl\eHTYal\IIH . . . . . . . . .. 110

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C ACJIHIlKBeUTIiLIM (OTKJJOHHIOU{UMCH)
I10Be):tCUHeM . . . . , .. . . . . . . . , . . . , . . . . .. 115
3.4. CUOC06I1OCTH. . . . . . . . . . , . . , . . . . . . , . . . . . .. 117
3.4.1. CYIl\HOCTb CUOC06HocTeH ..,..,......... 117
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129
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TBopWJecTBa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 130
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nUWJHOCTU Xy.a:OatHUKa ........................ 137
2.1. &r8Ubl TBOp'lecKOI'O UPOUecC8 U nCUXOJIOI'UH XY)J;O'
>KeCTBeHHOI'O uepeBOUJIOllleUUH ............. 137
2.2. I1pol}JeccHOI'P84>U'IecKue oco6eUHOCTH
TBOp'lecKOH JIU'IHOCTU .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 143
2.2.1. JIU'IHOCTHble oc06eHHocTu pe>KHCCep8. . ,.. 150
2.2.2. Cueuu4>uK8 8KTepcKoH TUUOJIOI'UU . . . . . .. 153
2.2.3. CMeWaHII8J1 TUnOJIOI'UJi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 157
2.3. JIU'IHOCTb, MOTHB8I1;UJI U TBOp'leCK8J1 p860-
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3.1. I1cHxon8TOJIOI'UJI U TBOp'leCTBo. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 169
3,2. MHTel'p8LlHJl3118HHH H 38118'1U nCUXOI'UI'UeHbJ .. 172
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CUOH8JJbHOI'O 06Y'IeHuJI Y CTYAeUTOB Te8Tp8JIbliOro
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13


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TeMOH. Ee CYIl.\IIOCTLIO J1BJ1J1eTCH CJIOBO KaK 0606ll.\eHHblH 86cT-
pBl'lIpoBaHHblH ClIl'HaJI AeHCTBIlTeJlLHOCTII, npll06peTB.IOIl.\IIH
ReOAOJJIIMYIO CHJlY B03AeHCTBIIH, IIHOI'.u;8 He MeHblIIYIO, '1eM
caM8 peB.JIbH8J1 .u;eHcTBIITeJILIIOCTb. He CJly<l8HHO pe'leBbie
CJlOBeeHble CTIIMYJlbI HBJlHIOTCR CIIJlbHeHlIIlIMIl nCIIXOTep8-
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JKIIBOTHblX OT '1eJlOBeK8: . 'IeM MIIJKe K pe'lll, TeM 6JJmKe K
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lIaxoAHIl.\IIe<:H npellMYll.\eCTBeHHO B JleBOM nOJIYlliapll1l roJlOB-
1I0ro M03ra II B KOpKOBbiX OTAeJIBX CJlYXOBOro, ABIII'aTeJILlloro
H 3pllTeJlbHOI'O aH8Jl1I3BTOpoB. llpol!eccbI TPYAB, OCYll.\eCTBJlH-
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CTBOB8Jl1I pa3BHTI!IO I! BKTI!BBI(IIII HaXOAHll.\lIXCH B JIeBOM no-
JlYWBpll1'l B CIIJIY nepeKpe<:Ta HepBHblX nYTeH pe'lil. 31-0
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Melilloi'! pe'lll yqBCTBYIOT TBKme MblWl!bI PYK. llllCbMellillUI
pe'lb B npoTIlBOnOJIC»KIIOCTb YCTHOii pe'lll JlIIUlell8 T8KIIX B8m-
IIblX 1j18KTOpoB, K8K meCT, IIIITOIIBI(IIH, 110 OHB MOmeT 6b1Tb
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BeCbMB y6e.l\IITeJlbIlOH.
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HOCTb BbipomeHIIH II YTO'IlIeHHH MblCJleH I'OBOpSlll.\ero II cooero
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OTBe'l8TL H8 ero MblCJIII. HMeHHO B 1II1B.n0I'e YCM8TPllB81OT
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110 BblpWKaJIlI oe6.H IIMeHHO B 1I8HHOH m8HpoBOH cj>OpMe. T8K eT
6b1JIO, H8npllMep, B XV BeKe, KOI',lUI .IITaJIbJlHCKHe ryM8HIIC- H
Tbi B03POAIIJIII 8HTH'lHblH AllaJIOI', 1160 B eI'O CTPYKType "OTne- KJ]
'l8T8JlCH", "OTJIIIJICH" B e.llllllCTOOHHO B03MOmHYIO 1jI0PMY .11"8- TP
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CeroAHHlllHIlU HenpeJlOmllblH IIHTepec K .ll1I8JIOry B H8YKe II KC
IICKYCCTBe, B03MOm1l0, CJIe.llYeT p8ClleHIIB8TL K8K npeJIlO.IIll1O 81'
I'i>JI.IIyeI'O B03pom.lleHIlH. IIf
Bo BCHKQM CJlY'l8e .B AllaJIOI'e CXOAJlTCH .IIB8 nOHIIM8HIIH, H
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CJIOBe, B penJlIIKe AIIaJIOI'8 'lymoe CJIOBO T8K HJlII IIH8'le Y'I"-
TblB8eTCH, 118 Hero pe8I'IIPYlOT IIJIII eI'O npe.llBOCXII81OT, 0110 A
nepeocMblCJlIIB8eTCJlIlJIII nepeolleHIIB8eTCJI. (B.<1>. JIOMOB). Be
llCIIXOJIOI'II'lecK8S1 CYIIOCTb'pe'leBoro AII8JIOI'8 38KJlIO'l8eT- CT
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IIHOU JIII'lHOCTII, 8 C lIPyrou CTOpoHbl, - B ee If,l\eHTIlIjIIIK811Il11 
co CBOIIMII MblCJISlMll1l 'lYBCTB8MII, B conepemIlB81I1111 :!TUM BbI- PE
CK83blB8HIISlM (3Mn8TIISI). 3TY nOJIllljlolIll'lHOCTb II .l\Bye.llllHYIO OJ
H8np8BJIeHilOCTL 1I1111JI0I'II'lecKOH pe'lll Mbi 6YAeM ee pft36u- /1.1
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KOTOporo B Cy6'beKTIlBIlOH 06p8ll\eHllocTIl K 06eHIlIO. 0 nOHII-
M8HIIII TOU nCHXOJIOI'H'lecKOU npllpOJ\bl II cneD;lItPllKIl AH8JlOI'8 BE
He TOJiLKO B YCTIIOM AIIIIJIore, HO II B nllCbMeHHOU pe'lll CBH.IIe- Cf
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BHHMaHlle H8 He06xoJ\IIMOCTb Cy(YbeRTIIBHOH H8np8BJIeHHOCTil ot
'lIlT8TeJISI H8 CBOU lIyrneBHblH Mllp B AIIIIJIore C nllC8TeJleM II 41'
ero upoH3Be)leHlleM: .BJlllme BCero K H8M e06cTBeHH8S1 3f
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Mbi lIeM BO BeeM IIpftBOY'lellb.H AJISI APYI'IIX, 8 He AJISI ce6S1. ill
Mbi roTOBbi p8TOB8Tb II 381I8Tb BCe 06ecTBo, AOpo)K8 3S-
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IIYIO IIlIclIopManlllO, nepeA8B8eMYIO OP.HIIM nilnOM (paCCKa3, ,11,0-
KJI, neKlU'I:fI, BblCTYnJleHlle). K MOHOJlOry npeA'WIBJIBIOT
Tpe60B8I1HB CB:fI3I1OCTH, nocneAOB8TeJlbHOCTil II AOK838TeJlb-
CTB8 Mblcneti, KOTOpblM npll.l\8eTCB paaBepHYTaH II 6o.nee 38-
KOH'leIlH8:f1 clIopM8, 'leM B AlI8nore. CKOPOI'OBOPK8, 06MOJlBKII,
81'p8MM8TII3Mbl B MOHOJIOl'e BblcTynalOT 60Jlee 06H8>KeIlHO,
1160 lie MOm 6b1Tb CKp8ll1ellbi CHTY8nlleti Ba811Mlloro 06e-
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n81OIIM no peaKnHH aY,II,IITopIlII.
KYJIbTYPa pe'lll onpe,ll,eJlBeTCB WbeMOM 8KTIIBHOro CJIOB8pll,
P.HKlU'leH, ceM8HTII'leCKOH CTpYKTYPOH pe'lH, OTTeIl:flIOe" co-
replllellCTBO B nepeAa'le COAepm8HII:fI, 8 T8KJKe n8paJIHHI'BII-
CTII'lecKIlMIl CBOHCTB8MH BJIeHIlB meeTOM, IIHTOlIsnlleH,
MIIMIIKOH.
Bnympen/f.JUI pe'lb HenocpeAcTBeHHO lie HSnpaBJleH8 118 06-
eHlle C APYI'IIMII, OHS 6eaaBY'lH8 II nO,lU>S3.11eJl:fleTClI HS BIIYT-
peHHee npOI'OBapllBSHlle II co6cTBellHO BHYTpeHHlO1O pe'lb.
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lIJIH CSMOI'O ce6H, cOAepmsIIM cTepmlleBbie 'lJIeHbI npe,llJlo-
mellH:fI (111101',11,8 JIHIlIL OP.HO CK83yeMOO:ilJlII nO,llJlemSlltee).
JIucbMennaJI pe'lh nOHBIIJlSCL noame YCTHOH, BII8'l8JIe B
BlI,II,e IIAeol'psclIlI'lecKoH pe'lll, 8 aSTeM B BlI,II,e lIepoI'JlllclIlI'le-
CKOro n1lCbM8, B KOTOpoM YTPS'lIlBaeTCH KOHKpeTllaM B rps-
clIl'1'leCKoM o6oaHs'leHIlIl npeAMeTOB II HaMe'lSeTC:fI nepexoA K
o60aHs'leHIlIO MbICJIeH. COBpeMeHIlOO nllChMO HsabiBseTCH 8JI-
clIs6e'fIl'lecKHM (8JlLelis II OOTS - I'paelieMbl, 0603I1s'lslOlIe
3BYKH - clIoHeMbI). nIlCbMeHH8:f1 pe'lb noaBOJJHeT 'leJIOBeKY
npll06IltIlTLCH K MllpoBOH KYJlhType, AaeT npOCTOp TBOp'leCKO-
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lllJIaHII:fI.
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IIHOI',I\8 nOBTopeHlleM, nporoB8pllB8HlleM npo ce6.11 'lY>KOU
pe'lil. B 38BIICIIMOCTII OT CTeneHIl YMcTBeHHoro pR3BIITIi.ll BOC-
npllHIIM81OIItero npollCXO,l\liT nOHIIM8Hlle II eKB8THoe pes-
I'lIpoB8Hlle H8 pe'lb c06ece;J;HIIK8. AKTIIBH8.11 pe'lb - aTO ncw
XII'leCKIIU npol\ecc AeUCTBeHIlOro Bldp8>KeHII.II IIHclIopM8l\1I1I
(YCTHOU IIJlII nIlCbMeHHOU) APYI'IIM nlll\8M. K npOl\eCC8M 8K-
TIiBHOH pe'lll OTHOCIITCH pe'lenopo)K)J;eHlle.
P83J111'l81OT cne.ztYIOIItlle clIyHKl\1I1I pe'lll:
1. HOMIIH8TIIBH8.11 (clII'HllclIIIK8TIIBH8.11), 38KJ1IO'l8IOIIt8HCH
B 0603H8'leHIlIl H H83blB8HIIII npeAMeTOB II .IIBJ1eHllu.
2. <J>YHKnll.ll 0606IIteHII.II. TecHO CB.II380H8.11 C MblIIIJleHlleM.
COCTOIIT B BbI,I\eJleHll1l CYIItecTBeHHblX npIl3H8KOB npe,n;MeTOB
II 06'beJl:IIHeHllllllx B rpynnbl.
3. KoMMYHIIK8TIIBH8.11 clIYHKl\II.II o6ecne'lIlBaeT nepe,n;a'lY
3H8HIIU, OTHoilieHIIH, 'IYBCTB II COOTBeTCTBeHHO AenllTCH H8
IIHclI0PM8l\IIOHHYIO. BOJle03'b.11M.IIIOIItYIO 0 3KcnpecCIIBHYIO.
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2. P8CCKIDKHTe 06 m8TOMo-clII13110JloI'II'IecKllx OCHOBaX tIe'm.
3. A8HTe Kn8ccllclIlIK8l\1I1O pe'leBblX npol\eccoB.
4. K8KOBa npllpoA8 BHyTpeHHeU pe'lll?
5. nepe'lIlCJlllTe clIYHKl\1I1I pe'lll.
2.9.1.0npeAeneHMe
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BeHHblX 38KOHOMepHblX CBSJ3S!X II OTHOilieHII.IIX. MblIIIJIeHHe H
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'lT06b1 HanTIl 06lItee B npeAMeT8X II HBJIeHlI$lX oKpym81OlItero
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ero B8)KHblH np1l3118K. CB.lla8HHblH C 0606lIteHlleM, 8 IIMeHHO
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DB p8)K8eMOH AeHCTBIlTeJlbHOCTIl.
C0J1epm8TeJIbHblMIl KOMnOHeHT8MII Mbll1lJleHIIH HBJI$lIOTCH
y noltJlmuJ/., TO eCTb OTp8meHlle B Mbll1lJleH1l1l qeJIOBeK8 06IIt IlX
8 II cylItecTBeHHblX CBOHCTB npe)<MeTOB II HBJleHIIH )<eHCTBllTeJlb-
HOCTII. JJlO6oe nOHHTlle X8p8KTep"3YeTCH COAepm8HlleM K8K
cOBoKynHOCTblO cymecTBeHllbiX npll3HRKOB OObeKTOB. KOJIlIqe-
CTBOM OObeKTOB, IMelOlIt"X cylItecTBeHHble np1l3118KII, 0606-
lItellHble B nOHHTIlII. llOH$lTlle OTJIH'l8eTCH OT npe)<cT8BJIeHIIH
. TeM, qTO BbipamaeT MblCJIb B CJIOBe II OTpam8eT cylIteCTBeHHble
. CBOHCTB8, 8 npe)<CT8BJIeHIIH Bblpam81OTC$I 06PS30M. B KOTa-
poM MOI')lT COXpSHHTbCH II KOHKpeTHble II HecylIteCTBeHHble
npll3R8KII npe)<MeTOB II $lBJIeHIlH. llORHTII$I HOCHT X8p8KTep
Bce06IItHOCTII, T8K K8K HBJIHIOTCH pe3YJIbT8TOM n03H8B8TeJIb-
HOH )<eHTeJILHOCTII qeJIOBeqeCTB8. llOHHTII$I CBH3b1B8IOTCH B
cym.neIlIlH. Bblpa>KeHHble He O)<HIIM CJIOBOM, 811eJIbiM npe.n.nO>Ke-
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8H8JI1I3. CI'IHTe3, cpSBHeHlle, 86cTP81'IIpOBalme, 0606lIteHlle,
KJI8CCI'lq>I!K811Il$l n CIlCTeM8TII38L\IIH. BJIsroA8PH 8HSJIII3Y
npOIlCXOAIlT pS3AeJIeHile lleJIoro HS q8CTil II BbllIeJIeHlle OT-
AeJlbHblX npll3H8KOB npeAMeTOB. CIIHTe3 )Ke coeAIIH$leT 3T1I
,- '18CTII B lleJloe. CXO)<CTBO II PS3J1l1qlle YCT8HRBJIIIB8eTCH npll
cp8BHeHIlIl. A6CTp81'I'IpoB8HlleM }J.OCTIII'SeTM BblAt'JIeHlle 0.11-
e HIIX nplf3H8KOB II OTBJle'reHlle OT lIPYl'l'IX, 8 0606111t'Hl'leM -
OObellllHClllle 06'bel(ToB no HX CYlltecTot'!lHbIM npI'l3HAHSM.
75

A(U) 1. O'LI1AII noo:onorMIi
CPYIIKLllleH Knscc1l1jI1IKSLl1l1l .IIBJI.IIeTC.II pS3.z\eneHlle II nocJle.z\Y-
IOll\ee 06"be.z\IIHeHlle npe.z\MeTOB no KSKIIM-TO npIl3HB.KSM, 8
CilCTeM8TII3SLlilil - 06ecne'leHlle pS3.z\eneHII.II II nOCJleJ1YlOll\e-
ra o6>be.z\IIHeHII.II I'Pynn II KJl8CCOB, 06"beKTOB II .IIBJleHIlH.
.IIf
2.9.2. BMAbi MblwneHHR
HI
III
K npoCTeHWeMY BII)J;Y MblillJleUII.II OTHOCIITC.II HSl'nH.z\HO'
.z\eiiCTBeHuoe MblWJleHlle, npe06J18J\81OIl\ee Y onepsTOps II He-
nocpe.z\CTBeHIlO BKJlIO'leHHoe B )<eHCTBlle, nOOTOMY IIHOI')<a 0.110
H83blBSeTCH npSKTII'leCKII-.z\eHCTBeHHblM MhlwneUlleM.
06p83HOO MblillneHlle, X8pB.KTepll3YIOll\ee TBOp'lecKOe MLI-
WJleHlle XYJ1Q)KHIIKS, 60nee 1'1I6KO, 0606Il\eHHO II CJlOJKHO no
cpSBHeHlllO C npSKTII'lecKIIM, 1160 'leJIOBeK onepllpyeT B oc-
HOBHOM 06P83SMII npeJ<MeTOB II HBJIeHIIH, co)<ep:mSIltIlMHC.II B
n8M.IITII, npe)<CTSBJIeHIlIl II Bo06pameHIlIl. O,!\HSKO 06P83bl He
Bblpa:mSIOT Tex nOHHTHH ,n;eHCTBIlTenLHOCTII, KOTopble 060-
3H8'lSIOTCH CJlOBeCHblMIi H S6cTP8KTHbiMIl CIlMBOJIftMIl. &roo
nOH.IITIIHHblH BII)J; MblWJleHII.II, n03BOJIHIOIltllH YCT8HOBIITb H8-
I160Jlee 06ll\lIe 38KOHOMepHOCTil B pS3BIITilil npllpo.z\blil 06ll\e-
CTBS, n0J1"18C OTpS:m8101ltIlH OT)<enLHble CBOHCTB8 II K8"1ecTB8
OOLeKTOB BHe IIX CBH311 C ,l\PYI'IIMII OCo6eHHOCT.IIMIl Tex :me
06"beKTOB.
3BPIlCTII'lecKoe (IInll BepOHTHOCTlloe) MblwneHlle onHpseT-
C.II He us uenocpe.z\CTBeHHO BocnpHHIIM8eMhle .IIBJleHIlH. 8 H8
Y'leT CTeneHIl BepoHTHOCTIl (B03MOJKHOCTII) OJKII)I,8eMblX .IIBJIe-
HIIH.
B XYlIOJKeCTBeHHOM TBOp'lecTBe 38"18CT}'1O 3BpIlCTII'leCKOO II
06P83Hoe MblWJleHlle IjIYHKl\IIOHIIPYIOT CO'!\PYJKecTBeHHO.
TaK, C.M. MIIX03J1C, onllCblBS.II ps60TY XY,I\O:mHIIK8 A.H. TbI-
wnep8, nO,l\"IepKIIB8eT sepo.llTHOCTHblH II 06pS3HblH xsp8KTep
era MblWJleHII.II, no,l\'lSC He OnilpalOIl\IIHCH .liS pe8JILHble ofioL-
eKThl: nLecy 0.11, O"leBlllIHO, npo"lIlTblBSeT O.z\IIH pe3 II 3STeM
BCeLleno OT.z\8eTC.II nepBOMY Bne'lSTJleHIlIO, npll 'lTeHIlIi OH
)l,s:me He BIIJ1I1T CJlOB. lIepe)< HIIM CP83Y B03HIIKseT CLleHII'le-
CKIIH 06'LeKT, 0.11 KRK 6LI 'IIITRe-r npOCTpRHCTBO.
311
H(
ill
pc
TJ
III
HI
nl
n.
sc
C
x.
P
N
J;I
n
n
n
H
76

PA1,Qf:n 2. n(1):KI.&E(I(KE n!'OttE(Cb!  COCIOPJH)'I.R
AY-
[,8
l{e-
2.9,3. Ka..eCTBa TBop..ecKoro MblwneHMH
fO-
fe-
HO
OCHOBHble CBOHCTB8 TBOpqecKOro MbllIIJIeHIIH T8KOBbI:
1. rH6KOCTL MblIIIJIeHIIH, TO ecTb nepeXOA OT OAHoro Kn8CC8
HBJleHIIH K APyrOMY, nOAq8C A8JleKOMY no COAepm8HlllO.
2, CBo6oA8 OT 1II86nOH8, TO eCTL HeTpllBll8JlbHOCTb MhllIIJle-
HIIH, X8p8KTepll3YI01lt8HC.II nOIlCKOM HOBbiX nOAXOAOB K pe-
weHll10 TBOpqeCKIIX 3M8q.
3. IlIlIpoT8, OnJ>eAenHI01lt8S1 B03MomHOCTb npHBJIeqeHIIH
3H8HIIH 113 p83J111'iHblX 06n8CTeH.
4. RpIITllqHOCTb, X8p8KTepll3YI01lt8.11CH cnoc06HocTblO Bep-
HO 01{eHIIB8Tb o&beKT )I.eHCTBIIH co6C'rBeHoH AeHTeJlbHOCTIl.
5. rny611H8, onpe)l.enHeM8S1 CTeneHblO npOHIlKHOBeHIIH MbI-
WneHIIH B cyIltHOCTb'HBneHIlH.
6. OTKpblTOCTL - lIOCTYnHOCTL MbllIIneHIIH K p83J1I1'iHOro
POP;8 npllBXOAHlltllM HJl.eHM II cym)l.eHIIHM.
7. AHTII1{IIn81{HSI, IIJIII MbllIIneHHe C npe)l.BOCXHllteHlleM.
8. He38BllcIIMOCTb MbllIIneHIIH, onpe)l.enHeM8H cnoc06Hoc-
TLIO C8MOCTOHTeJIbHO II OpllrllH8JlbHO IjJOPMYJlllpoB8Tb II pe-
m8TL TBOpqecKlle 3lIJI8'i1l, He nOM8B8HCb CTOpoHHeMY BJIIIH-
HlllO, II YMeHlleM OTCT811B8TL CBOII TBOpqecKlle n0311IlIlII.
9. PeBepCIIBHOCTL, TO ecTL )'MeHlle Tp8HcnOHllpoB8Tb MblC-
JIIITeJIbHYIO Ilenb B 06p8THOM H8np8BJIeHilil (. H8060poTIlKII 0,
no R.C. CT8HIICJI8BCKOMY: npHMep .H8060poTIIK8o, cT8Bmero
81jJ0p1l3MOM: .JIIO)l.1I norll681OT He TOJIbKO OT cePAe'iHOH He)l.O-
CT8TO'iHOCTIl. HO II OT HeP;OCT8TO'iHOH cep)l.e'iHOCTHo ).
10. 3Mn8TII'iHOCTb MbllIIJIeHIIH, TO ecTb YMeHlle npoHIIKH)'TL B
XOP; MbicneH p;pyroro qeJIOBeK8, OnIlC8HHoe, H8npIIMep, 3Ar8-
pOM no B p8CCI83e .0 MMb'iIlKe, IIrpanmeM B 'leT II He'ieTo.
MMb'iIlK nepellrpblB8.eT conepHIlKOB nOTOMY, 'iTO OTOeCTB-
JlSleT CBOH IIHTeJIJIeKT C IIHTeJUIeKTOM npoTIIBHIIK8, IIrp8H C
npOCTOP;YIIIHblM conepHIlKOM IIH8'ie, qeM C XIlTpel{OM.
Cnel.\IIIjJIlKY XY)l.O)KecTBeHHOro MbllIIJleHIlSi C.M. 3H3eH-
IIITeHIl BlI)l.eJl B YMeHIlII TBOp1{8 .norpymaTbcH B COCTOHHlle
nepB06b1THoH nCIIXIIKIIO, rAe OHeT ellte PR3AeJleHIlSi H8 'iYBCTBO
II MblCJlbO. BYP;Y'i1l XOpOIliO 3H8KOM C HeKoTopblMIl 06J18CTHMII
LI-
no
,c-
[B
He
o-
ro'
8-
e-
18
ce
r-
'8
II
I.
p
77

It( 1 b 1. 06U1.ltR nOO:0I10rHA
TeOpeTHqeCROH H npHRJl8)<HOH nCHXOJIOrHH, 3H3eHIIITeHH BH-
l[.eJI lIeHCTBeHHblH x8p8RTep BJlHSlHHSI npoH3BeAeHHH KHIIOHC-
RYCCTB8 H8 3pHTeJlSI B YMeHHH pe>KHCCep8 He H8pYIII8TL r8p-
MOHHH H eAHHcTB8 HAeHHo-c03H8TeJILHOH «ycTpeMJleHHOCTH H
B3JIeTHOCTH. C 3J1eMeHT8MH «qyscTBeHHoro MblIIIJIeHl!.ln.
A.A. rOHq8poBbiM BLlJ\eJleHLl AB8 BeAYHX R8qecTB8 MLlIII-
JIeHHH pe>KHCcepa: 06p8aHOCTL H YMeHHe MblCJIHTL AeHCTBHeM,
JII
T
jI,(
Konmp0Jl,l>nwe 6onpocw U 3aOanuR
1. A8HTe onpeAeneHHe MLlIIIJleIlHSI.
2. PaccRIUKHTe o'COjI,ep>K8TeJILHblX H onep8uHoHHLlX KOM-
nORellTax MLlIIIJleHHSI.
3. P8ccK8mHTe 0 BHjI,8X MLlIIIJIeHHSI. .
4. K8ROBR cneUHIjIHK8 XYjI,OmeCTBeHHoro MblIIIJleHHH?
TE
JIC
H:
CI
CI
II'
6]
2.10. Boo6pa>KeHMe
c:
x
6
cjJ
II
2.10.1.0npeAeneHMe
PI
11
D
Ii
)i
1j
Boo6pa:HC:eH.UeM H83bIB8eTCH CBOHCTBO C03H8HHH, n03BOJIH-
lOee qeJlOBeRY C03jI,8B8TL B npouecce MbllIIJIeHHH HOBbie 06-
p83L1 H8 OCHOBe npOIllJIOrO BocnpHHTHH H 1I03H811HSI. TI8MHTL
n03BOJISIeT COCT8BHTL npejI,CT8BJIeHHe 06 06pa38x npoWJIoro,
BocnpHHTHe - H8CTO.IIero, Boo6pameHHe - 6YAymero,
B Bo06p8)KeHHH '1eJ10BeK ROMneHcHPyeT HejI,OCT81OUU'1O
eMY B pe8J1LHOH Jl.eHCTBHTeJILHOCTH ceM8HTHqeCRYIO H 3CTeTH-
'1ecRYIO HHIjIOPM81\HIO. OR MO>KeT Jl.OMblCJlHTL B Bo06pameHHH
H TO, qero HeT B lIeHCTBHTeJlLHOCTH, OObHTL CBOOH 1j18HT83HeH
p83JIH'IHble BpeMeHHLle H npocTpaHCTBeHHble ljIeHoMeHbI. TIo-
3TOMY Boo6p8meHlie HBJlHeTCH OllHIiM H3 BMKHeHIIIHX YCJIO-
BIiH TBOp'leCTB8 B JII060M BHJl.e '1eJlOBe'leCROH lIeHTeJIbHOCTH,
OCo6eHHO B XYlIomeCTBeHHOii.
SJleMeRTbI BOO6p8meHHH, CBOHCTBellHble MbllIIJIeHRlO, CBH-
38HbI C 3MOUHHMH, n8MJITbIO. C BOCnpHJITHeM H C lIPyrHMH
nepuenTHBllhlMH npol\<,cC8MIf. Iicno,lIh3yeMF.lMH THOp'lE'CKOH
1
C
e
1
(
I
I

71'.

PAJJ!.11I 2. nO'l);({tU1E npOL\E({bll"I (0(10)]H..."
IU-
IC-
Ip-
[II
J111'lHOCTblO AJIH nepeKOAllpoB8HIIH II peKOM6I1H8I<1I1I o&beK-
TIIBHOro 0'I'p8meHIIH )I.eHCTBIITeJlbHOCTH B Cy6'beKTIIBHOM xy-
AomecTBeHHOM 06P83e.
HenpOU360.llbHoe 6oo(ipa:HCPHUe npOIlCXO}l.HT 003 npe}l.B8pll-
TeJlLHOro l{enenOJl8r8HIIH, KOr}l.8 003 YCIIJIHH B C03H8HIIII 'le-
JlOBeK8 B03HIIK81OT HOBbie 06p83b1. KP8HHIIM CJlY'l8eM Henpo-
113BOJILHOro HJlII Henpe,n;H8MepeHHoro BOO6p8meHIIH HBJlHeTCH
CHOBIIJl.eHlle, T8Kme IIcnoJlL3yeMoo XYllO>KHIIK8MII B TBOp'le-
CKOM npol{ecce)I.JIH BhIH8IllIIB8HIISI C03JI.8B8eMhIX 06p830B. H8-
npllMep, MY3b1K8 YBepTlOpbl K onepe dIleJlKOB8H JIeCTHII11.8.
6b1JI8 CO'lIlHeH8 KOMn0311TOpoM )I;>KOaKKIlHO POCCIIHII BO CHe.
)l;pyrllM BlllIOM HenpeJl.H8MepeHHoro Boo6pIDKeHIIH HBJlHIOT-
Cst rpe3b1, B03HIIK81OlIe B cHonoJl.06l1oM COCTOHHHIl npll nepe-
xOJl.e OT CH8 K 6oJl.PCTBOB8HIlIO (npocOHO'lHoe COCTOHHlle) IIJlII OT
6o}l.pcTBOB8HIIH KO CHY (npellcoHHoe COCTOHHlle). H8npllMep,
$aHTaCTII'lecKlle 06p83b1, B03HIIK81OlIe B Boo6pameHll1l cnH-
eH TaTLHHbI B poM8He A.C. TIYWKIIH8 .EBI'eHIIH OHerIlH..
Mel/.ma - 3TO B006pa>KeHH"e, C03)1.81Oee 06pa3b1 )KeJl8e-
MOro 6YJI.Yero. Me'lT8 CPOllHIl TBOp'leCKOMY Boo6pIDKeHIlIO,
1160 OHa conpoBO>K)l.aeTCH C03)1.8HlleM HOBbiX 06pa30B. Me'lT8
nepecT8eT 6b1TL TBOp'lecKOH, ecJlII OH8 He 8KTYaJJ1I311pyeTCH II
He 06p8cT8eT pe8J1bHblMIl lIeHCTBMHMIl no ee BOIIJlOeHIlIO B
»t1l3Hb. AItTIIBH8H Me'lT8 SlBJlReTCR )I.BII)KyeH CIIJlOH 'leJIOBe-
'lecKHX nOCTynKOB.
Boo6paJKellll1O cnoco6cTBYIOT II OT}l.eJlbHble OC06eHHOCTH
J111'lHOCTII, HanpllMep, npe06JI8)l.8Hlle nepBOH CllrHaJJbHOH CII-
CTeMbI, XYllOJKeCTBeHHoro Tlm8 MblIlIJleHHH. Y HeKOTopblX
cy6-J,eKTOB B CBR3H C T8KHMII oc06eHHOCTHMM MomeT H86J11O-
)I.aTLCH nOBblIlIeHH8S1 C8MOBHY1ll8eMOCTL II nCIIXOCOM8TII'le-
CK8H nepeKJIIO'l8eMOCTL, BeJl.Y8H IIHOr)l.8 K BbIpa)KeHHOMY
BJIIIHHI'lIO B006pIDKeHHoro H8 pH}I. IIJII3110JIOrll'leCKIIX $YHK-
l{IIH Opl'811113M8 npll H8PYllieHilil 38KOHOB nClIxorllrlleHbI
TBOp'lecKoro TpY}l.8, Be)l.YllIHX K nCI'IXOn8TOJIOrl'lll.
B TpeXJIeTHeM B03p8cre MaJJeHbKI'IH KocTH CT8HHCJI8BCKIIH
(AneKceeB) T8INKHBO paCCK83aJJ 0 HK06b1 nporJIO'leHiIOH 11M IlI'OJI-
Ke, 'ITO C8M nOBepHJI B 3TO, nepenOJIOUII1B CSOIiX polll'I'reJIeH.
:n-
.
\1-
I-
i-
'L
I,
o

79

"IACJb 1. O'Ul.A nnt)l:onorM
Y TpeBOmHO-MHIfTeJlblfhlX Ii caMoBHywaeMhlx JlIfI( Boo6pa-
meHlfe MOmeT nplfBecTIf K naTOJlOrli'lecKOH pa60Te opralfOB,
XOTn OHIi He nopa:meHhI OprBHlfqeCKOH 60Jle3HblO. Boo6pa-
meHHhlMIi MOryT 6h1Tb PBOThI. cep,/teqHhle nepe601f If ,/tame
nplfCTynhl anneH,/tIfI(IfTa. nplfBO,/tSUl(lfe IfHor,/ta TaKlfX . xy-
,/tomHIfKOB. Ha Onepal(lflO, KOTOpSSI BhlnBJlSleT, qTO anneH-
,/tIfKC BOBce He 1i3MeHeH. <%>paHl(y3cKIfH nCIiXliaTp If rlfnHOJlOr
JIeoH L[epTOK onlfCBJI I!>paH1(Y3CKoro IOHOWY (xy,/tomecTBeH-
Horo Tlfna) C CIiJlbHO pa3BHThlM BOO6pameHlfeM, KOTOpoMY
6h1J10 npoli3Be,/teHO MHomecTBo HeHymHhlx OnepS1(lfH BBH,/ty
ero BhlCOKOH caMoBHywaeMocTIf If nClfxOCOMaTlfqecKOH nepe-
KJllOqaeMOCTIf. B Me,l\IfI(IfHCKOH JlIfTepa-rype B03HlfK ,/tame
TepMIfH 1I.JIn 0603HaqeHlfn TaKoro naTOJIOrliqeCKOrO Boo6pa-
meHlfn: .CIfH,/tpoM MIOHxraY3eHa..
JI
B
IJ
(I
11

OJ
e
3
2.10,2. KnaccM4»MKaI4MR Boo6pa>KeHMR
E
C
[
C
C
1
Boo6pa:meHlfe 6h1BSeT aKTIfBHhlM, npoU3BOJlblll>tAt. Kor,/ta 06-
pa3h1 B03HIfKalOT npeAHaMepeHHO B CBSl31f C 3apaHee nOCTaB-
JleHHOH l(eJiblO. B npolf3BOJIbliOM Boo6pa:meHIfIf nplfcyrcTByIOT
C03HaTeJlbHoe l(eJlenOJIBraHlfe, YCIfJllfe, nOIfCK, O'I'6op, IIHBJlli3
If ClfHTe3 npe,/tCTS.BJleHIfH If 3HaHlfH no BOCC03ASHiflO 06pa3a.
npolf3BOJlbHoe Bo06pameHHe 6h1BaeT TS.K:IKe penpoiJYKmUB'
HWAt If mBOp'leCKUAt. PenpoAYKTIfBHhlM, IfJlIi BOCC03AalOIl(lfM
Ha3h1BaeTCSI TaKoe Bo06pameHlfe, B npol(eCce KOToporo-o6pa-
3h1 C03,/talOTcn Ha OCHOBe JlIi'lHOI'O onblTa If IfMeBwlixcn paHee
BocnplfnTIfH B COOTBeTCTBlf1f C IfMelOllIlfMlfcn yme CBe,/{eHlin-
Mif 06 06'beKTe. HanplfMep, nplf qTeH1f1f xy,/tomecTBeHHoro
npOlf3BeAeHliSI Ha OCHOBe C03AaHHhlX aBTopoM 06pa30B qlfTS.-
TeJlb AOMhlCJlIfBaeT B Boo6pa:meHIfIf, BOCC03,/taeT 1fH,ltIfBIfAY-
BJlbHYIO KapTIfHY, HanplfMep, nOPTpeTbl nepcOHaJReH, cliTya-
1(1I1f. B 60Jlee BhlCOKOH CTeneHIf IfM nBJlneTCSI TBOpqecKoe
Bo06pameHlie. KOTOpoe HanpaBJIeHO HB C03J\aHlfe HOBoro Oplf-
rlfHaJlblforo 06pa3S, If.qeli. npllqelll HOBoe MOJReT 6h1Tb cy6'b-
eKTIfBHhlM, TO eCTb HOBblM TOJIbKO 1I.JIn ./nIHHOro IfHJ\IfBIfAB, If
06'beKTIfBHhlM, HIfKOI'Aa He CYllleCTBOBIIBWIlM HII B MflTeplfll-
c
I
c
c
HII

P0\3.QEn 2. nOXH"I(ClU'( nPOQE((bI H CQC'rOAHMA
PB- JlH30BBHHOM, HH B H,n;e8.JIbHOM BHAe. Tnop'leCKOe BOoopB)Ke-
OB, HHe IIIO)KC'I' 6b1Tb MBTepH8.JIH30BaHO, HO MO)KeT H OCTaBBTbCJI
pa- HB ypoBHe MblCJlHTeJlbHoro JIpol(eCCB B BH,n;e H,n;e8.JIbHoro.
)Ke O,n;HHM 113 MexaHH3MOB Boo6paaceHH.H .HBJlJleTCJI 3MJIBTHJI
(Y- (CO'lYBCTBHe, COJIepe>KHBBHHe), KOTOPYIO MbI pa36epeM JIO-
H- ,n;pOOHee B '1BCTH 2 KHHrI{. no MHeHHIO E.H. BacHHB, HaH60Jlee
[or y,n;B'IHblM OJIpe,n;eJleHHeM 3MJIBTHH .HBJI.HeTC.H cJle,n;YlOllIee:
m- .SMJIaTHJI - &TO B006pamBeMoe JIepeHeCeHHe ce6J1 B MblCJlH,
MY 'lyscTBa H ,n;eHCTBWI APyroro H CTPYKT)'pHpoBBHHe MHpa JIO
AY ero oopa31(Y. 113 &TOro onpe,n;eJleHHJI CJle,ltyeT. 'ITO 3MJIBTHJI -
>e- 31'0 O,n;HH H3 MeXBHH3MOB Boo6pameHHJI..
ite COrJlBCHO 3MJIaTH'ICCKOH TeOPHH, B OCHOBe TBOp'leCKoro
la- BooopameHHJI JlemHT .pB3,n;BOeHHe. nCHXHKH (KBK HB ypoBHe
C03HBHHJI, TaK H 6eccoaHBTeJlbHoro) Hero peryJlHPYIOllI ero
l(eHTpa .H. HB pe8.JIbHoe .H. H BOoopamaeMoe dlo. E.H. BB-
CHH nHC8.JI, '1TO Boo6pBmBeMoe TBOp'leCltoe .$1. - 3TO coo-
CTBeHHO H CCTb TBOp'lCCKHH KOMJIOHeHT, TBOp'leCKBJI nO,/tCHC-
06- TeMB .H.. STO .H. O,/tHoBpeMeHHo JlBJlJleTCJI Boo6pBmBeMblM
'B- H soo6pamaIOllIHM. Boo6pamBeMblM HB3blHBeM ero JIOTOMY, 'lT0
OT OHO 3BHHMBeT B lfJ\e8.JIbHOM IIJIBHe TO'IKY 3peHHJI HHYIO. '1eM Y
113 pe8.JIbHOro HIfJ\HlI1IJ\a. Boo6pBmaIOllIRM (IlliTHBHblM, TBOp'le-
CKHM. Dpo./tYKTHBHblM) OHO 0K8.3b1BBCTCJI DOTOMY. 'lT0 JlBJlJleT-
6- CJI He '1eM HHblM, KBK no,/tCHCTeMOH, O,/tHHM H3 HepapXH'IeCKHX
'1\1 ypoBHeH pe8.JIbHOro .$1. - nCHXOJlorH'IecKHM HCTO'lHHKOIII
a- TBOp'lCCKOH 3HeprHH.
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TO)K.u;eCTBeHHLI, H60 TeMnep8MeHT BKJlIOOl8eT H COM8THOleCKYIO
0pI'8HH38JJ;HIO JlllOlHOCTH, npoSlBJISllOlJJ;YIOCSI CIIJlOH, ypaBHoae-
ml.'HHOCTLIO H no.u;BH)KHOCTLIO JlHOlHOCTH, C nCHXOJlOI'HOlecKOH
CTOpoHLI TeMnepaMeHT onpe.u;e.nSleTCSl HH)];HBH.u;Y8JlLHLlMH
ocOOeHHOCTSlMH 3MOJJ;HOH8JlLHOH Bo36y.u;HMOCTH Ole.nOBeK8 B
JJ;eJlOM. Y OP;HHX B036YP;HMOCTL B03HHK8eor 6L1CTpO, OTJlK'l8l.'T-
c.R CHJlOH H YCTOHOlHBOCTLIO, Y .u;pyrnx CJl868 H HeYCTOHOlHB8..
TeMnep8MeHT npoHBJlHeTCH H B JJ;eJlOCTHOH CHCTeMe nOBl.'p;eH-
OlecKHX OCo6eHHOCTeH JlHOlHOCTH, OTp8)K8Sl CHJlY, nOp;BH)K-
HOCTL H YP8HHOBeWeHHOCTL HepBHOH CHCTeMLI.
ITo THllY HepBHOH CHCTeMLI BLI)I;l.'JlSleTCSl 6e3yp;epmHLlH -
CHJlLHLrn, Heyp8BHoaeweHHLlH, no.u;BH)KHLlH; )KHBOH, HJ\H
CIIJILHLrn yp8BHoBeweHHLlH no.u;BH)KHLlH; mIeprHLlH, HJIH CHJlL-
HLiH YP8BHOBl.'WeHHLlH mIeprHLlH; CJl8GLIH HeypaBHOBeWeHHLlH
nO.D:BH)KHLlH, HJlH P8HHMLlH. 'I'Mn HepBHoH CHCTeMLI - nOHlITHe
Ij>H3HOJlOI'HOlecKoe, TeMnepllMeHT - nCHXOJlOI'HOlecKOO.
CaluI6uH.UN: - 3TO npo.u;YKTIfBHLlH )KHBOH OleJlOBeK, Jlerno
nepeKJlIOOl81OIJJ;HHCSl, ypaBHoBeweHHLlH, nOP;BH)KHLlH. KOJle.
pUN: - 6e3y.u;epmHLlH THn, Heyp8BHOBeIl1l.'HHLIH, nopLlBHcTLlH,
110 CHJlLHLlH, CKJlOHeH K CMl.'H8M H8CTpoeHHH, 8I'pecCHBHLlH.
4>JleilJllamuN: - Me..l\JlHTeneH, HeB03M}'THM, M8JlOnOp;BH)Kl.'H,
HHepTell, HO SlBJlSleTCH yp8BHOBeWl.'HHLIM H CHJlLHLlM THnOM,
ynopHLIM B p86oTe, npHJle)KHLlM K .u;eJlY. MeJIanXOJlUK - Ole-
JlOBeK Jll.'I'KOp8HHMLlH, 3MOJJ;HOH8JlLHLlII, OlYBCTBHTeJ\LHbIH,
HeYP8BHoBeweHHLIH, CKJlOHHbIH K I'Jly60KOMY nepe)KHB8HHIO.
HeJlb3Sl CK83STb, OlTO OAIfIl TeMnl.'p8MeHT JlYOlWl.' .u;PYI'OI'O.
ITcHxOpeI'YJlHpYIOIJJ;He B03.u;eHcTBHSI cnoc06cTBYIOT COBepweH-
CTBOB8HHIO JlIfOlHOCTHldX KIlOlecTB, npeo.u;o.nl.'HHIO HMelOlJJ;HXCSl
lIeJ(OCTIITIWB: B3PbIB'lfiTOCTH Y XOJlCplll<a. !f('UOCTOSIIICTlJa Y
9:1

41ACTb 1. O'tijAR n(MXOIlOUHI
CBllrBHHllKB, HH,ltmlK!JepeliTIIOCTli Y (jIJlerMBTllKB, paHHMOCTH
Y MeJlBHXOJlHKB. I13BecTHO, qTO qepTbi TOrO HJlH llHorO TeMne-
pBMeHTB He nOMemaJIH 6b1Tb BeJlHKRMH TBOpnBMH Hll Ilym-
KHHy (XOJlepHK), HH KpblJIOBY (Ij!JlerM8THK), HH rorOJIIO (Me-
JIBHXOJIHK).
HHme OnHC8HbI pe8KnHH qeTbipex ,/tpY3eH C pB3J1H'IlIblMH
TeMnep8MellT8MH HB onoo,/t8HHe B Te8Tp. TBK, XOJlepHK BCTY-
nHJI B cnop C 6HJIeTepOM, nblTBSlCb B B036YJKAeHHH ,/tOKB3BTb,
'1TO OH HHKOMY He MemBeT H ,/tOJImeH npOHTH HB CBoe MecTO.
C8HrBHHHK, OTJlHqBlOlqHHCSI Coo6pB3HTeJlbHOCTbIO H no-
,/tBH:JKHOCTbIO, YBH.n;eJl, '!TO ecTb cB060,/tHbie MeCTB HB Slpyce, H
nOCneWHJI H8Bepx.
JlerM8THK, on03.n;8B, pemHJI, qTO nepBblH BKT HeHHTepe-
ceH, H noweJl B6ylj!eT.
MeJlBHXOJlHK, npoKJlHHBSI ce6S1 38 Bcer.n;BmHee Hese3eHHe,
C .n;OCB.n;bI yeX8JI .n;OMOH.
TeMnep8MeHT TecHO B38HMOCBSI3BH KBK C OCOOeHHOCTSlMH ca-
MOH JIK'lHOCTH, TBK II C XBpaKTepOM npO$eCCHOH8JIbHOH ,/teSl-
TeJIbHOCTH qe.nOBeKB, 'I'HnoJlOrHqecKH M8JIOnOJ:IBH:JKHblH CTY-
.n;eHT MO:JKeT npOH3Bo.n;HTb nneqBTJleHHe He 3H81OlqerO YPOK,
nocneWHOCTb H HMnYJlbCHBHOCTb XOJIepHKB npHBo.n;HT K OWH6-
KBM B OTBeTBX, qYBCTBHTeJlbHOCTb MeJlBHXOJIHK8 3BCTBBJISleT
38,l1,YMBTbCSI 0 Heo6xo,/tHMOCTH npOSlBJleHHSI K HeMY nCHXOJlO-
rHqeCKOrO TBKTa. KaJKJ\blH BH,/t ,/teSlTeJIbHOCTli Tpe6yeT TBKme
H cBoero npolj>eccHOH8JIbHOrO pHTMB. AJISI TBOpqecKOH .n;eSl-
TeJIbHOCTH aKTepB 6JIBrOnpHSlTlibi KBqecTBB XOJlepHK8 II CBHr-
BlIHHKB, HMelOlqllX 6b1CTPOTY 11 xopomylO no.n;BH:JKHOCTb, ne-
PCKJIlOqBeMOCTb HepBHblX npOl\eCCOB, XOTSI Cl\eHHqeCKHM
06BSlHHeM HHor,/ta HBJ\e.neHbI H l))JIerM8THKH.
K8JK.n;OMY TeMnepBMeHTY CBOHCTBeHHbI CBOR nOJlOmHTeJIb-
HI>le H OTpHlIBTeJIbHble KBqeCTBB, ,/tHBJleKTlIqeCKH B3BHMOCBSI-
3BHHble MeJKAY co60H. O.n;HBKO HS,/tO OTJlHqftTb TeMnepaMeHT
C8MOro 8KTep8 K8K JlHqHOCTH H TeMnepBMeHT .n;eHCTBYlOlqerO
Jll'IlIB, H60 AKTep, Ha.u.eJlellllblH no.n;BHmHblM OT npHpo.n;bI TeM-
nepAMeHTOM, «BXO.n;HT B 06PA3 H mHBeT yme no 38KOHftM
TeMnepaMCHTI1 CBoero nepCOHOml1.
A..
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PA3.QE.n 3. nOtmnorHSI n"IHOCTH
:TH
fIe-
ill-
4e-
B npo4JeccHOH8J\bHOH ,lteHTeJ\bHOCTH pemHcCepB, nHCBJ1
A.A. fOH'lapoB, l'J1aBHoe - .COBna.n;eHHe HBnpaBJ1eHHOCTH
TeMnepaMeHTB aaTOpB C HanpaBJIeHHOCTbIO TeMnepaMeHTa pe-
mHccepa» .
HTBK, CaltZ8UltUKU - J1IO,ltH 3HepI'H'lHble, mHBJ1eHHble,
06lqHTeJ1bHble, 3MOI(HOH8J\bHble, J1eI'KO npHCnOCB6J1HBBIOllIW
eCH K IIOBOU 06cTBHoBKe. _
XOJlepUlcu - IIHIID.IIBTIIBHble, pemHTeJ\bHble, BCnbIJIb'lH-
Bble, HeypaBHoBemeHHble, HeTepneJ1HBble, CMeJIble, .MBKCH-
M8.JIIICTbI», TO ecTb HH B'leM He 3HBIOT Mepbl II nJ10XO copB3Me-
pHIOT COOH CHJIb!, nJIOXO BJlB.!\elOT co6ou.
<PJleZMamUKU - CnOKOHHb/e, YPBBHoueweHHble, HeB03MY-
THMble, MeAJIHTeJIbHble, HX TPy.o;HO Bb/BeeTII 113 ce6H: OHH MB-
JlOnepeKJ1IO'laeMbI, HepeWHTeJ\bHbI.
MeJl.aItXOJlUKU - HeYBepeHHble, 6e3b1HIII(HBTHBHble, po6-
KHe, MHHTeJ1bHble, C no.o;aBJIeHHblM HBCTpOOHHeM, Tpy.o;HO npH-
cnoca6JIIIBaIOllIHeCH, TepsiIOllIHecH B CJJomHblX CIIT)'al(lIHx.
3BPB3HTeJlbHOe nepemllB8.HHe H BKTHBHOO B03AeUCTBlle HB
3pHTeJlH COCTaBJlJlIOT CYTb CneHH'lecKOI'O TeMnepBMeHTB.
MH
ry-
rb,
10-
,II
Ie-
Ie,
'a-
H-
y-
K,
6-
DCH.OBHwe nOKaaamenu meMnepaMeHma
I. OCHOBHb/e nOKB3BTeJ1H CllJlbHOI'O HeYPBBHOBemeHHOI'O
TllnB (XOJlepH'lecKHU TeMnep8MeHT):
1) HeBblAepmBHHocTb, BCnblJIb'lHBOCTb;
2) HeTepneJlIIBOCTb;
3) peWllTeJlbHOCTb, HHHD.HaTHBHOCTb;
4) ynpHMCTIIBO;
5) HepaBHOMepHOCTb B pa6oTe;
6) CKJIOHHOCTb K 1'0pg'lHOCTH, HeypaBHouemeHHoCTb;
7) HeTepnllMOCTb K He.!\OCTaTKBM;
8) cnoc06HocTb 6b1CTpO AeucTOOBaTb II npHHHM8Tb peme-
HUB;
9) cnoc06HocTb HB 6e3paccYAHo Aep3KHe BblXOAKH C ne-
J1bIO onpOl'peMeTb», .nOKa3aTb Ce6H»;
1 0) Bbl3b1I1RIOllIee nOBe)J.ellHe;
11) nepeoleHl<R CBOI'IX B03MO:!KII()()TeU;
eT
0-
<e
R-
1'-
e-
M
1>-
l-
IT
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M
H5

"IAUb 1. 06t1tAJI nOtx0l10UUI
12) pe3KaH CMeHa HacTpoeHHH;
13) CTpeMJIeHHe K 'l8CTOH CMeHe sne'l8TJIeHHH;
14) 8rpeccHBHOCTb B none.n;eHHH;
15) cnoc06HocTb K npeo.n;OJIeHHIO TPYAHOCTeH;
16) lIHKJIH'lHOCTb B ,/tHHIlMHl(e ,/teHTeJIbHOCTH H nOBe.n;eHHH.
II. OCHOBHble nOKa3aTeJIH CHJIbHOI'O ypaBHoBeweHHoro no-
,/tBH:JKHorO THn8 (cllHrBHHH'leCfmH TeMnepaMeHT):
1) :meprH'lHOCTb H AeJIOBHTOCTb;
2) cnoc06HocTb K 6b1C'I'pOMY YCBoeHHIO H08,OI'O;
3) H8CTOH'lHBOCTb B HHTepec8X H CKJIOHHOCTHX;
4) JIerKOCTb B nepe:JKHB8HHH HeYAa'l H HenpHSlTHocTeH;
5) cnoc06HOCTb I( 6b1CTpoH 8J\8nT8l!HH B pa3JIH'lHblX 06-
CTOSlTeJIbCTBaX;
6) 6b1CTPBH COCpeAoTO'lHOOeMOCTb BHHM8HHH;
7) 6oJIblIl8H pa6oTocnoc06HocTb;
8) 6b1cTpoe BK./IIO'leHHe B.ijHeBHYIO pa60TY;
9) H8XO,lt'lHBOCTb;
10) CSOHCTBO THrOTHTbCH OAHoo6p83HoH pa60T0H IIJIH 6e3-
AeHTeJIbHOCTblO;
11) BblHOCJIHBOCTb;
12) JIerKoe npHBblKBHHe K HOBblM Tpe60BaHHHM H 06cTa-
HOBKe;
13) 6b1CTPoe nepeKJlIO'leHHe C OAHOH pa60TbI fl8'APYrylO;
14) 6b1CTPoe YCBOeHHe H nepecTpoHK8 H8BbIKOB;
15) 06l1:\HTeJIbHOCTb H OT3b1B'lHBOCTb;
16) XOPOIIJ8H lIJIanTallHH K JIlo60MY KOJIJIeKTHBY,
III. OCHoBHble nOK83aTeJIH CHJIbHorO ypaBflOBelIleHHoro
HfleprHoro THna (cpJIerM8TH'lecKHH TeMnepaMeHT):
1) cnOKoeH H XJIaAHOKpoBeH;
2) 6eCKOUCPJIHKTeU B nOBeAeUHH;
3) c.n;ep:JK8U H TepneJIHB;
4) C TPy,ltOM 3aBOAHT 3f18KOMCTBB. HO JIerKO HX nOAAep:JKH-
BaeT;
5) O'leHb YCTOH'lHB B CTpeMJIeHHHX H HUTepecax;
6) MeAJlHTeJleH H Hen03MYTHM;
J6
1
1
1
1
1
1
CK:
4],

PA3.AEf1 3. nCM):ollonUII1HIljHOU..
06-
7) H8'l8Toe ,lteJIO ,ltOBO,ll;HT ,11;0 KOHn8;
8) CTporo npH.ztep:JKHBaeTCSI Bblpa6oT8HHoro nOpSl,ltK8 H
CHCTeMbi B p860Te;
9) Me,ltJIeHHO BKJlIO'l8eTCSI B pa60Ty H nepeKJIIO'l8eTCH C 0,11;-
Hoil p860Tbi Ha ,ltPyryIO;
10) C TpY,II;OM 8,lt8nTHpYeTCH K HOBO" 06cT8HOBKe;
11) npe,ltnO'lHT8eT CJlOJKHYIO pa60TY, He JIIOGHT 'l8CTOH CMe-
Hbi pa60'lHX onepanHH;
12) cnoKoeH npH JIIOGbiX 06cTOHTeJ\bCTB8X;
13) 06.n8118eT BbIAepJKKOH H C8Moo6JI8,lt8HHeM B TpY,ltHbiX
YCJIOBHSlX;
14) JIerKO C,ltep:JKHB8eT nopblBbI;
15) npoHBJIHeT nOCTOHHCTBO B CBOHX OTHoweHHHX H HHTe-
peC8X;
16) Me,ltJIHTeJIeH B YCT8HOBJIeHHH KOHT8KTOB C HOBblMH
JIIO,ltbMH, H36Hp8TeJIeH B 06lI\eHHH.
IV. OcHoBHble nOK838TeJ\H CJI860ro THn8 (MeJl8HXOJIH'le-
CfmH TeMnepaMeHT):
1) 38MKHYTOCTb H Heo6II\HTeJIbHOCTb;
2) 'lpe3MepH8S1 06H,II;'lHBOCTb;
3) CTecHHTeJIbHOCTb;
4) HepelliHTeJlbHOCTb H p06ocTb;
5) JIerKO nepeHOCHT O,ltHHO'leCTBO;
6) JIerKO OTBJIeK8eTCSI, BHHM8HHe HeycTOH'lHBoe;
7) TePHeTcH B HOBOH 06cT8HoBKe;
8) GblCTpo yTOMJISleTCSI;
9) npH HeY,lt8'le TepSleTCH;
10) nJlOxo 8,lt8nTHpyeTCSI B HOBOH 06cT8HoBKe;
11) CT8paTeJIbHO nJl8HHpyeT H opr8HH3yeT CBOIO pa60Ty;
12) yrJly6.neHHo H TII\8TeJ\bHO BblnOJlHSleT p860TY;'
13) nOBbillieHHO'lYBCTBHTeJIeH;
14) C TPy,ll;OM 38BO,ll;HT 3H8KOMCTB8:
15) npe,ll;'bHBJlSleT BbiCOKHe Tpe60B8HH.R K ce6e H OKPY:JK8IO-
II\HM;
16) BOCnpHHM'lHB K nOXB8JIe H nOpHI(8HHIO;
17) TpaTHT MHoro BpeMeHH H8 CIiMOBHIIJlH3.
!UH.
. no-
Je3-
:T8-
>ro
:H-
4 1n:. )923
97

IoiACIrt> 1. 06U1,A:fI n(HXOnOUUI
3.2. XapaKTep
&
3.2.1. CYU4HOCTb xapaKTepa
B
CF
I'C
0{
XapaKmep - 3TO lIeJlOCTHoe 06pa30BaHHe JlH'lHOCTH, on-
pe.n;eJlSlloee OC06eHHOCTH .n;eHTeJlbHOCTH H nOBe.n;eHHH 'leJlO-
BeKa. Xap8KTep He HBJlHeTCSI nHTOU .n;onOJlHHTeJ\bHOU no.n;-
CTpYKTYPOU JlH'lHOCTH. H60 nepe'lHCJleHHble nO.D:CTPYKTypbl B
CHCTeMe pSl.D:OnOJlOmeHbI. X8paKTep )f(e - .H8J\OmeHHaSl'
no.n;CTpYKTYpa (HapH.D:Y co cnoco6HOCTHMII). IT03TOMY X8paK-
Tep OTpam8eT cyeCTBeHHble, BblpameHHble K8'leCTBa JlH'lHO.
CTH B cOBOKynHocTH 31'HX OCOOeHHOCTeU. B X8p8KTepe, KaK B
cpoKyce. cocpe.o;OTO'lIlB8IOTCSI caMble THIIH'leCKHe CBOUCTB8
JlII'lHOCTH. He CJlY'l8UHO rOBopSlT: Xap8KTep - 3TO K8pKac
JlII'lHOCTH.
T8KHM 06pa30M, xapaKmep - 3TO no.n;cTPYKTYP8 JlH'lHOC-
TH, H8J\OmeHH8S1 H8 OCTaJlbHble no.n;cTpYKTYPbl H 060681O-
8S1 Bblpa:!KeHHble. TeCHO B38HMOCBSl38HHble CBOUCTB8 JlII'lHO'
CTII, H8H60Jlee OT'leTJlHBO npOHBJlSlIOHeCSI B ee .o;eSlTeJlbHOCTH
II nooe.n;eHIIII,
He CJlY'laUHo. Kor.n;8 OTCYTCTByeT cOOcTBeHH8S1 JlHHHSI no-
oe.o;eHHSI, rOBOpSlT 0 6ecx8paKTepHocTH, KaK 0 cBOe06pa3HoM
era npoSlBJleHHH.
X8p8KTep CBH3aH C 60JlbIIJHM HJlH MeHbIIJHM pS3BHTHeM
nCIIXH'leCKIIX npoeCCOB II C Oco6eHHOCTSlMH Te'leHHSI nCHXH-
'leCKHX COCTORHHH 'lenOBeKa. BHHM8TeJlbHOCTb H H86J1IO.D:a-
TeJlbHOCTb K8K 'leJ)TbI xapaKTep8 B38HMo.n;eucTBYIOT. HanpH-
Mep. C oc06eHHocTSlMH npOTeKaHHSI nCHXH'leCKHX npoecCOB.
'IacTo CHHOHIIMH'lHO 3B}"I8T CJlOBa .'leJlOBeK C CHJlbHOU BO-
Jleu' H ''leJlOBeK C xap8KTepoM - KpeMeHb'. 3TO rOBopllT 0
CBR3H BOJleBbiX npoeccoB co CTep1KHeBblMH oc06eHHocTSlMII
JlH'lHOCTH .n;8HHoro 'leJlOBeK8. Ho 6e3DOJIbHblH 06J10MOB OTJlH-
'laeTCSl OT eJleYCTpeMJleHHOrO IIaBJl8 Kop t l8rHHa He CBOH-
CTBSMH nCHXII'JeCKHX npOleCCOB, OCHOBHoe HX pa3J1H'lHf> co-
CTOHT B pa3HOM OTHOlllellHH It OKPY)K81OeMY Mnpy. B pa3J1H-
'IIfH HX al(THBHOCTH H MHPOIJ033pCII'leCKOM H8npRBJleHIIOC1'H.
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PAJ.llUl 3. nOtxOnortllI""I"O(IM
n-
10-
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IB
.
K-
0-
B
8
IiC
3To 38CT8WUleT npHHSlTb nOJIOmeHHe 0 nepBOCTeneHHOH poJlH
B OCo6eHHOCTSlX X8p8KTep8 06pa38 AeHCTBHH 'leJlOBeK8 H era
CHCTeMbi OTHoweHHH K OKPY:H<aIOlI\eMY, onpe,!\eJlJlIOII\HX A8H1m-
ro 'lCJIOBeK8 K8K 'lJleH8 06lI\ecTB8 c ero HH,!\HBH.IIYaJIbHblM CBoe-
06p83HeM B nOCTym<ax H AeSl'reJlbHOCTH.
X8paKTep, B TO me BpeMSI. He npeACTaBJISleT C060H MeX8HW
'lecKOH CYMMbI OT.neJlbHblX OC06eHHOCTeH JlH'lHOCTH, H60 OHH
MHOroo6p83HbI, 8 'lHCJIO HX OTTeHKOB HMeeT Heo603pHMble
CTeneHH CB06o,!\bI. 0,ltH8 TOJlbKO TaKaSl 'lePT8 X8paKTep8, K8K
aKKyp8THOCTb, MomeT 6b1Tb .n;H4HPepeHItHposaHa no OTTeHK8M
nYHKTyanbHOCTH.neA8HTH3M8,'lHCTOnJlOTHOCTH.no.n;TSlHYTO-
CTH, onpSlTHOCTH H T. n. Ho onpe,!\eJlSlTb xap8KTep 6Y,ltYT
JIHWb .n;OMHHHpYIOII\He, CTep)KHeBbie H YCTOH'lHBble K8'leCTBB
'leJlOBeK8, npoSlBJISlIOII\HeCSI B KpHTH'leCKHe MOMeHTbI mH3HH.
IfMeHHo B 3KCTpeMaJIbHblX YCJlOBHSlX 'leJlOBeK Be.neT COOS1 6e3
M8CKHpoBKH. HenpeKpbITO pearHpyeT CBOeH CYII\HOCTbIO, H60
H8XOAHTCSI nO'ITH HB «rp8HH Mem,ltY mH3HbIO H CMePTbIO..
BMeCTe C TeM '1eJIOBeK pe81'HpyeT H8 B03,!\eHCTBHe oKpym8-
IOlI\eH CpeAbi «cnJIBBOM' (If.ll. ll8BJIOB) npHpom.n;eHHblX
CBOHCTB HepBHOH CHCTeMI>! co CBOHMH 6.naronpH06peTeHHblMH
CTpYKTypaMH. B03HHKIllHMH no,lt BJIH.RHHeM p83JIH'IHblX mH3-
HeHHblX B03AeHCTBHH H BocnHTaHHSI. T8K '1TO X8p8KTep soc-
nHTYeM, a THn HepBHOH CHCTeMbi JlHllib npe.n;nOJl8r8eT, HO He
onpe,!\CJlSleT X8p8KTep,
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Ho-nCHXOJlOrH'<IecKHH - J.lonOJlHHTeJlbHblM MCTOJ.lOM nCHXO-
.l\HSrHOCTHKH.
npHBe.l\eM KpaTKHe xapaKTepHCTHKH THnOB SKl\eHTYSl\HH,
nepeMe>K1UI HX paCCKS30M O.l\HOrO H3 ropbKOBCKHX nepcOHa-
>KeH H3 . 'lY>KHX JlIO.l\eH. 0 .l\BeTHbiX ..e)JTHX..
1. runepmUM1tWU mun - OTJlH'laeTCH HeyroMoHHOCTblO,
lUYMJlHBOCTblO, nO.l\BH>KHOCTLIO, 06ll\HTeJlbHOCTblO, CKJlOHHO-
CTLIO K 030PCTBY, HeYCH.l\..HBOCTblO, npHnO.l\HHTLIM HaCTpoe-
HHeM. HM CBOHC'I'BeHHa nepeol\eHKa co6cTBeHHOH JlH'<IHOCTH,
THrs K KOMnSHHHM, nOJ.l'<lac aCOl\HaJlbHblM.
2. .CTpalUHbI '<IepTH KOJlOKOJlbHOro 3BOHa. OHH BJleKYT K
pacnyrcTBY H .!\8>Ke BHelUHe HanOMHHalOT >KeHCKHH opraH...
HO ell\e CTpamHee 'lepTH JIYHHLIX Ho..eH. STo - nY3b1pH. OHM
.l\BHrSIOTCH TOJIbKO no BepTHKIlJIM, BBepx H BHH3, H BHYlUalOT
'<IeJlOBeKY HaBH3'<1HBble MblCJlH.. '- HRBH3'<1HBble MLICJlH H
.l\eHCTBHH CBOHCTBeHHblM ncuxacme1tUlWM.
AKl\eHTyal\HH no nCHxaCTeHH'<IecKoMy THny Bblpa>KRIOTCH
B nOBblmeHHOM caMOaHIlJIH3e H caM06M'<IeBaHMH, P06OCTH,
TpeBO>KHOH MHHTeJlLHOCTH, .YMcTBeHHoH >KBa"Ke., HaBH3..M-
BbiX CTpaxax, MOTOpHOH HeJlOBKOCTH H MepelUHTeJILHOCTH.
3.111u30U01tOMY THny CBOHCTBeHHbI pa3.l\BoeHHOCTb, 3aMK-
HyroCTb (ayrH3M), 3MOl\HOHllJIbHIUI XOJlO.l\HOCTb, TPY.l\HOCTb B
MeHtJlH..HOCTHbiX B3aHMOOTHOlUeHHHX, CKJlOHHOCTL K BbI'<IYP-
HOH cjJsHTa3HH, CHMBOJlHKe, .cjJMJlOCO<jJCKOH HHTOKCHKal\HH..
B Ka'<lecTBe KOMMYHHKaTHBHoro .l\onHHrs HcnoJlb3yeTcH aJlKO-
rOJlL, lllH30HJ.lbI 06HapY>KMBalOT HeYKJlIO>KeCTb H BbI'lYPHOCTb
B nCHxOMoTOPHOH ccjJepe, pa3.l\BOeHHOCTb C03H8HHH.
o):(panOBbie ..epTH HanOMHHalOT 1jJ0pMOH CBoeH rBOO.l\H C
pa3.l\BoeHHblM OCTpHeM_ OHH B 'lepHLIX lUJlHnaX, JlHl\R Y HHX
3CJleHOBSTbie H pacnpOCTpaHHIOT .l\blMHblH, IjJOC(jlOpH'lecKHH
CBeT. OHH .l\BMraIOTCH npbl>KKaMH, H8nOMMHaH XO.l\ 1lII1XMaT-
Horo KOHR. B MOOr}' Y 'leJlOBCKR OHH 3R>KHraIOT CHHHC OrHM 6e-
3yMHH. .
fI-
fI-
[{-
IB
J-
X
1-
Q
111

ljA.CT 1. OtJ.tA.1I nOU:OllorMII
4. Boa6yoU.MblU THn xapaTepH3YeTCH HMnYJlhCHBHOCThlO
nocTyDKOB H +nO.ACKa3b1BaeT CTpaHHoe, 6J1arO.AapH '1eMY '1e- E
JlOBe MomeT CKa3aTh ry6epHaToPY: "J.lYPaKI", H3HaCHJlOBaTL r
CBOIO .110'11., 3aKYPHTL nanHpocy B l\epKBH, .Aa-.AaJ.. ::Tro'lepTH .
HeOCMblCJleHHoro 6yikTBa.. .
5. IIPH 3nUJlenmouono.M THne aKl\eHTyal\HH 3J100HaH rHeB-
HOCTh H meCTOKOCTh ymHBalOTCJI C 6epe>KJIHBOCTLIO, ne1.\aH-
TH3MOM H aKKypaTHOCThlO, nOBblIlleHHOH peBHHBOCThlO,
CTpeMJleHHeM K BJlaCTBOBaHHIO. AJIKOrOJILHoe onLHHeHHe
YCHJlHBaeT arpeccHIO H conpOBOm.AaeTCH 6ecnaMHTCTBoM, cn-
.AOMa30XHCTKHMH HaJ10HHOCTHMH.
.mHBOTHaH CHJla aTHX JllO.AeH He Y.AHBJlHJla MeHH, - 6b1KH
H mepe6l\bI CHJlhHee. Ho 6LIJlO myrKo Ha6J1IO.AaTh He'lTO Bpam-
1.\e6Hoe B HX OTHOIlleHHH K meHlI\HHaM, KpncOTOIO KOTOpblX
OHH - TOJlhKO '1TO - nO'lTM 6J1aroroBeHHo BOCXHlI\8JlMCh.
B HX CJl8,!J;OCTpaCTHH H '1YBCTBOB8JI npHMeCh H301l\peHHOH Mee-
TH, H I(B3nJlOCb, '1TO aTa MeeTL B03HHKaeT H3 OT'IaJIHHJI, H3 He-
B03MomHOCTH onYCTOIllHTb Ce6H, OCBo6o.AHTb OT '1erO-TO, '1TO
yrHeT8Jlo H ypo1.\OB8JlO HX. B Knm,AOM H3 HHX JKHJlO, Bopo'la-
J10Cb '{TO-TO TeMHoe, cTpalliHoe. meHll\HHbI BH3m8JIH OT 60JlH
HX YKYCOB H ll\HDKOB, HO DpHHHM8JlH meCTOKOCTb KaK HeH3-
6emHoe, .ABme Ka npHHTHOe. (paCCKa3 M. ropbKOro .CTO-
pom> ).
6. I(w(.Jwuono.MY THny CBOHCTBeHHa CKJlOHHOCTL K KOJle6a-
HHHM HacTpoeHHH: nepHO.A nO.A'bCMa C aKTHBHOCTblO, IllYTJlH-
BOCTLIO, CKJlOHHOCTblO K 8JlKOI'OJIH3al\MM (1.\0 1-2 He.AeJlb) Mo-
meT CMeHHTbCH nOHHmeHHeM HBCTpOCHHH .110 CTeneHH, He
1.\OX01.\Hll\eH 1.\0 HCTHHHOH .AenpeCCHH (cy6.AenpeCCHH). MeJlKHe
HenpHHTHOCTIi TOr.Aa nepeHOCHTCH THmeJlO. 1I0HBJlHeTCH BJI-
JlOCTL, CKYKa, pa36HTOCTb, CTpeMJleHHe K O.AHHO'lecTBY.
.ECTb, HanpHMep, 'lepTH JlHJlOBble; OHM 6eCcjJopMeHHLI, no-
.A06Hbl CJlH3HHaM, 1.\BHraIOTCH Me,U;JlCIIHO, KaK YJlHTKH, H no-
Jlynpoopa'lHbI. OHH 3aHHMalOTCH pacnpOCTpRHeHlieM CKYKH.
()T HHX HCX0.AIiT KHCJlblii 3anRX, II HR 1.\YIJIe 1.\eJlaeTCH CYM-
I'I1'IHO' ,
112

PA1.A£1I 3. n(W:OIlOfHJlIIMH(I(I"
'blO
'le-
!lTL
ITH
7'. rJlaBHOD 'lePTot1 Jla6UJlbH020 THna flBJlHeTCH KpaHHHH
HeycTOH'lHBOCTL HaCTpoeHHH. MeHHlOlI\erOCH OT HH'iTO>KHOro
nOBOA8. &ro OJiIOAIl HaCTpoeHHH B A8HHbIH MOMeHTt, 'lyTKHe
K 3H8KaM BHHMaHHH, npHBH3b1BalOll\HeCH K POAHblM H 6J1H3-
KHM. Y Jla6HJlbHblX l{HKJIOIIAOB cjJ83a yntl,!\Ka Kopo'le (1-
2 AHH).
8. CenCUmUBHI>tU THn OTJlH'l8eTCH Bne'laTJlHTeJlbHOCTblO.
THrOH K HHTeJIJleKTy8.JILHo-3CTeTH'leCKIlM YBJle'leHHHM, nepe-
>KHB8HHeM cBoeD HenOJlHOl{eHHOCTH.
BbicMeHBaSi CBOIO ceHCHTHBHOCTb. M. rOpbKHH TaK onHCbI-
BaeT BCorpe'lY C KOpoJIeHKO, KOTOpblH 06HapY>KHJI CTHJlHCTH-
'leCKHe HeAOCT8TKH pa3HblX npoH3BeAeHHM MOJlOAOro nHcaTe-
JlH: .OKa38.J1OCL, 'lTO B MaeH noaMe KTO-TO CHAHT "OPJIOM" Ha
pa3BaJlHH8X xpaMa. - "MeCTO MaJlO no,qxo,nHlI\ee Jl.JIH TaKOH
n03b1, H OHa He CTOJIbKO BeJIH'leCTBeHHa. KaK HenpHJlH'l-
Ha", - CKa38.J1 KopoJIeHKO, YJlbl6aSlCL. BoT OH HalUeJi elI\e
"onHcKy". elI\e H elI\e. .R 6b1J1 pa3AaBJleH 06HJlHeM HX H, AOJl>K-
HO 6b1Tb, nOKp8CHeJl, KaK paCK8.JIeHHblH yrOJIb. 3aMeTHB Mae
COCTOSlIlHe. KopoJleHKO. CMeHCb, paCCKa38.J1 MHe 0 KaKHX-TO
OlUH6KBX rJle6a YcneHCKoro, aTO 6b1J10 BeJlHKOAYlUHO. a H
Y>Ke HH'lero He cJlym8.JI H He nOHHMBJI. >KeJl8.JI TOJlbl\O OAHO-
ro - 6e>KaTb OT cpaMa. ll3BecTHO, 'lTO JlHTepaTOpbI H aKTepbl
caMom06HBbI, KaK nYAeJiH. .R ymeJl H HeCKOJlbKO AHeM npo-
>KHJI B Mpa'lHOM yrHeTeHHoM ,n;yxet.
9. ACml'HO-nl'Bpomu'tl'cl(uU THn npoHBJlHeTCSI KanpH3Hpc-
TblO. pa3,n;pIDKHTeJlbHOCTblO, nJlOXHM CHOM H anneTHTOM. Hno'
XOH,nPH'lHOCTblO.
10. Heycmou'tuBbIU THn xapaKTepH3YeTCH JlerKOH nOA'lH-
HHeMOCTblO. 6e3b1HHl{HaTHBHOCTLIO. 8TH JlHl{8 'laCTO nontl,!\a-
lOT B COMHHTeJIbHble KOMnaHHH, CKJlOHHbI K OTI\JlOHHlOll\eMY-
CH (AeJlHHKBeHTHOMY) nOBeAeHHIO, 83aPTHbiM HI'paM,
y,nOBOJlbCTBHHM, npa3AHOMY 6e3AeJiblO.
11. IIapanOUIIJlbHQ.n al\l{eHTyal{HH xapaKTepH3yeTCH 'lpe3-
MepHoH no,n;03pHTeJlbHOCTLIO, nanpH>KeIiHOCTblO, He,n;OBep'IH-
BOCTblO.
BB-
IH-
,10,
He
:a.
H
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ax
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ra
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lJACT' 1. 06tJ.tAA n(MXonorlllfl
12. J{cmepouihtblU TIm OTJlH'iaeTCH arol\eHTpH3MOM,
CTpeMJleHHeM BO 'lTO 6b1 TO HH CTaJlO 06p8THTb Ha ce6H BHHMa-
HHe. OHH JlK>6HT BbICJlYWHB8Tb TOJILKO nOXB8JlY B CBOH 8,!\pec,
'iaCTO npeTeH,IQ'H Ha poJiL JlHAepa. OAH8KO 'lYBCTBft HK HeI'JlY-
6oKH, BOJiH OCJla6J1eH8, 8BTOp1!TeT HeBbiCOK, TeM 60Jlee, 'iTO
01111 CKJlOHHbI K n8TOJlOrn'iecKOMY cjJaHTa31!poBftH1!1O H JlmH.
ECJlH lIa nepBoe MeCTO y HCTepoH)\HblX JlH'iHOCTeH BbICTynaeT
CTpeMJleHHC BbI3BaTL Y.I\HBJleHHe H nO'iHTaHHe, AeMOIICTpa-
THBHOCTb nOCTynKoB, TO MomHO roBOpHTL 0 Oe.MOHCmpamu6'
HOU (E. JIeOHI'apA) p83HOBHAHOCTH aTOI'O THna 8Kl\eHTyal\HH.
Bo Bcex nocTynKax TaKOI'O Tlffia Ha6J1IOAaeTCH HBHaH HaHI'-
p8HHOCTL, HeeCTeCTBeHHOCTb H n03epCTBO, Aame B HHTHMIIOH
c(j>epe Y HHK MHOro HI'PbI H TeaTp8JILHOCTH.
13. KVH{jJ<>p.MHbl-U THn aKl\eHTyal\HH KapaKTepH3yeTcH
paCTBopeHHeM JlH'iHOCTH B OKpy>KaIOII\HK. 3TH JlHl\a MHMH-
KPHPYIOT no.n; JII060e OKpy>KeHHe, n03TOMY, nonaB B xopomHH
MHKPOCOl\H8JlLHbIU KOJlJIeKTHB, OHH MOryT CTaTL IICnOJlHH-
TeJlLHblMH paOOTHHKaMII, B HHOM CJIy'lae - HapymalOT HOpMbI
nose)\eHHH II 38 KOMnaHHlO, HanpHMep, cnHB8IOTCH.
KOHcjJOPMHCT, roBOpSi CJlOBaMH M. ropbKOro, - THn .re-
poH Ha 'iac., KOTOpblU cnoco6eH OpI'aHH30BaTb HapoAHoe .ABH-
meHHe, a nOTOM .C6HTLCJI C Kpyra., .CKOpMHTb ce6H BwaM..
ECJlH Y O)\HOro H TOro me HHAHBHJ\YYMa BCTpe'iaIOTCSI CO'le-
TaHHH HeCKOJlbKHX 'iepr, TO I'OBOpSiT 0 C.MeWaItHOM THne 8K-
l\eIlTyaUHH KapaKTepa.
KOI'.n;a npoljJeccHH HaKJl8,!\bIB8eT onpe.neJleHHbIU OTne'iaTOK
lIa nOBe.n;eHHC 'ieJlOBeKa H H8 BCIO ero JlH'iHOCTL B l\eJIOM, TO
rOBOpHT 0 npo(jJeCCUOHaJlbHOU aKl\eHTyal\HH. CIO.I\8 BXO)\IIT H
TaK Ha3LIB8eMbIH onpoljJeccHOH8J1LHbIU KpeTHHH3M., nOA KO-
TOpblM 06pa3Ho no.n;pa3YMeB8lOT orp8HH'iCHHOCTL AHana30Ha
n03HaHHH Cnel\HaJl1lCTa B CHJlY OAHocTOpoHHeH npocJ>ecCHO-
HaJlLHOH y<;TpeMJICHHocTH. K npoljJeccHOlf8JIbHOH aKl\eHTyn-
mill OTHOCHTCH npocJ>eccHOH8JlLHaH OAep>KHMocTL. He CJlY-
'iaUHO AHTOHeH ApTO Cp8BHHBaeT aKTep8, O)\epmHMOI'O
TBOp'ieCTBOM, C 3R'IYMJleHHblM: .CXO.l\CTBO Me>K.l\Y 38'lYMJIeU-
H
B
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PA3J\.EII 3. n01);0I10fIII1""IlloaM
DM,
n-
HblM, 6eryLllHM B 6pe,u;y 3n BH.u;eHHHMH, H nK'repoM B noroHe 3n
Bne'lnTJlHTeJlbHOCTblO, 'leJlOBeKOM, KOTOPblH B 6pe,ny Boo6pn-
3HJI ce6e 06pa3b1 H BOnJlOLllneT HX nepe,u; ny6.nHKoH, npeBpn-
lI\aeT TenTpaJlbHoe .u;eHCTBlle B HaCTOHLlIYIO anH,neMHIO$. A .u;n-
Jlee OH cnpaBe.QJIHBO ,u;06aBJIHeT: . QT06b1 8KTep, ,noBe.!\eHHblH
,no' 6eweHCTBa, y,nepmaJICH OT npeCTyn.neHIIH, HB,!\O 60Jlbwe
,n06po,neTeJlH, 'leM npecTynHHKY OTBarH ,n.nH ero cBepWeHHH$
O,u;epmHMocTb ,neJlaeT aKTepn aKl{eHTYHpoBaHHoH JlH'lHOC-
TblO, HO o,nepmHMOCTb - aTO H Be.nHKo.nenHoe Ka'leCTBO ,n:OH
RHxoTa. 3a pbll{apcKoe OTHoweHlle K TeaTpy H ,nYXOBHblH
MaKCHMaJIH3M He CJly'laHHO R.C, CTnHHCJlaBCKoro Hn3b1BnJlH
.,n:OH RHXOT H3 KnpeTHoro a$. A .Kor,na nepeBe,nYTCH Ta-
Ime JlIO,nH, KaR .rIOH KHXOT, - nHCnJl H.C, TypreHeB, - nyc-
KaH 3nKpoeTcH HaBcer,na KHHra HCTOpHH. B HeH He'lerO 6y,u;eT
nHCnTb$,
lee,
lIY-
ITO
tHo
leT
n-
6-
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fr-
OH
CH
If-
fH
If-
[hI
3.3.3. BaaMMOCBfl3b I1M..HOCTHbiX aKLteHTyal.l.MM
C Ael1MHKSeHTHbiM (OTKI10HfllOU4MMCfI) noseAeHMeM
e-
fr-
nCHXOJlorH'leCKHMH HCCJle,u;OBaHHHMH, npOBeHHblMH
noon PYROBO.u;CTBOM -A.E. JIH'lKO, YCTaHOBJIeHbI KOppeJlHl{HH
Me>K.!\y OCo6eHHOCTHMH 3aocTpeHHH xnpaKTep8 y no,npOCTKOB
C OTKJlOHHIOLlIHMCH nOBe,neHHeM: npaBOHapyweHHHMH, ceKCY-
ftJIbHOH naTOJlOmeH, Bpe,nHblMH npHBbI'lKnMH - BJIKoroJlH3n-
l{HeH, HapKOTH38l{HeH, HHKOTHHOMaHlleH H np. TaK, zunep'
mU.lltH-bU' nOJU>OCTKH CKJlOHHbI K rpynnoBbiM <popMaM ,neJlIIHK-
BeHTHoro nose,neHHH. OHH, nbiTaRCb JlH,nllpOBaTb cpe.u;H
aCOl{Hn.nbHblX CBepcTHHKOB H3 Jlel'KOMblCJlHH, mam,nbl pn3-
BJle'leHHH, nOJlY'leHH.H cpe,nCTB ,u;JlH y,nOBOJlbCTBIIH, a TaKme
H3 CTpeMJleHHH K PHCKY cnMH CTaHOBHTC.H BJlOXHOBIITeJlHMH
rpynnoBLIX npnBoHllpymeHHH. rHnepTHMLI npOHBJlHIOT HHTe-
pec He TOJlbKO K 6b1TOBOMy rpynnoBOMY nb.HHCTBY, HO Ii WHPO-
KOMY KPYry JlYPMaHHLlIHX cpe.u;CTB, B TOM 'IHCJle H K rn3006-
pn3HblM TOKCH'lecKHM BeIllCCTBaM, C'lHTaH, 'ITO .HllpKOMIIHOM
II aJiKOrOJlHKOM OT aToro He CTaHeIlIL.. AB8HTMKHOCTb nmep-
TIIMHblX nOJlPOCTKOR 311CT81m.HeT HX nYCK1I1'I,C.H B lIe3111WHllblf>
1I.
e-
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LfAUb 1. 0614AJI nUnOIlOfHR
Cp;eJlKH, MeJlKHe KpIDKH, a OTcyrCTBHe 3aCTeH'lHBOCTH H Jler-
KOCTb YCT8HOBJIeHHJI KOHTaKTOB TOJIKalOT H Ha paHHHe ceKCY-
8J]bHble CBJl3H.
II
II
JI
QUICJlOUiJW He CKJlOHHblK HapYlUeHHKJ nOBep;eHHJI H MOryT
npOJlBJlJlTb HHTepee K 8J]KOroJlKJ JlHlUb B nepHOp; nOp;'beM8 Ha-
CTpoeHHJI. CeKCY8J1bHaJi aKTHBHOCTL aM01\HOH8JlLHO-Jl86HJlb-
HblX aK1\eHTyaHToB 06b1'lHO OrpaHH'lHBaeTCJI <PJlHpTOM H YX8-
>KHBaHHeM, BJle'leHHe >Ke OCTaeTCJI M8J1<>,1\H<p<pepeH1\HpoBaH-
HblM, B CBJl3H C 'leM B03MO>KHO OTKJlOHeHHe Ha nyrb
TpaH3HTopHOro nO,lJ;pOCTKOBOro rOMoceKCY8JlH3Ma.
TIPH acmeHO-He6pomU'leClCoi'l aK1\eHTya1\HH ceKCY8JILH8J1
aKTHBHOCTb OrpaHH'lHBaeTCJlKOpoTKHMH H 6b1CTpo HCTOlq8KJ-
IlIHMHCSI BcnbllUKaMH. HH p;eJlHHKBeHTHOCTH, HH 8J!KOrOJlH38-
1\HH, HH no6eroB H3 P;OMa Y HHX He BCTpe'laeTCJI, TaK >Ke KaK H
Y ceHCUmU61tWX aK1\eHTyaHTOB. B nOCJle,D;HeM cJlyq8e eCJIH H
HacTynaeT 8J]KOrOJlbHoe OnbJlHeHHe, TO 8JlKOI'OJlL He BeceJlH"I
H He nOMOraeT KOHTaKTaM, a p;a>Ke, Ha06opoT, MO>KeT Bbl3BaTb
p;enpeccHBHYIO peaK1\HIO C OlqYlqeHHeM co6cTBeHHoH HenOJl-
H01\eHHOCTH. CYH1\Hp;Hble ,D;et1cTBHJI H arpeCCHBHOCTb MorYT
B03HI!KaTL Y CeHCH"IHBOB nop; BJlHJlHHeM pHJ\a HeY,IJ;a'l, 'lTO 6b1-
BBeT COBeplUeHHO HeO>KH.I\aHHO ,lJ;JlJI oKPY>KaIOIlIHX, He npOHH-
KRKJlqHX B MHp HX J1erKOp8HHMOH nCHXHKH. TIo Ha6J1IO,D;eHHIO
A.A. B,IJ;OBH'leHKO, W.U30uoHwe nop;poCTKH, CKJlOHHLle K npa-
BOHapYlUeHHJlM, nona.n;alOT B nOJle 3peHHJI MHJlH1\HH rOpa3,1J;O
I103>Ke ,D;pyrHX aK1\eHTyaHTOB. &ro 06'bJlCHJleTCJI TeM, 'lTO OHH
JlKJMT p;eHcTBoBaTb B O,D;HHO'lKY, TlqaTeJlLHO CKpblBaIOT CBOH
HaMepeHHJI H nocTynKI!, .pa60TalOT. 6e3 co06lqHHKoB, Xopo-
lUO 06,D;YMblBaKJT CBOH p;eHCTBHJI. IIpep;no'lHTaKJT COBeplU8TL
Kpa>KH'npH nOMOlqH co6cTBeHHopyqHo H3roTOBJleHHblX OTMbI-
'leK, HCKYCHOro BbIDHJlI!BaHHJI ,lJ;BepHLIX 38MKOB H TOMY no-
p;06Hblx npHeMOB.
<)nuJlenmouiJw ,D;alOT 3<p<peKTHBHble pa3pJl,lJ;bI, KaK np8BH-
JlO, B nepHO,lJ; ,lJ;HC<POPHH, H TOr,D;8 OHI! H COBeplUaKJT ceKCYRJlb-
Hble 3KC1\ecCLI C ca.n;OMa30XHCTKHMH HaKJlOHHOCTJlMH. B roMO-
ceKCYRJlLHblX CBJl3J1X 'l11I1\e BblcTynalOT B aKTHBHblX poJlJlX H,
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117

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npocTp8HcTBeHHoM BH)(eHIlIl II 'IYBCTBe KOMn03111\1I1I Y pe- N
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118

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151
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CTH'IecKliX CBeAeHliH - OCTpaSi H CKpLIT8S1 YCT8JlOCTL - He
SlBJISIIOTCSI n8TOJlOI'H'IecKHMH SlBJIeHHSlMH. ilx CJleAyeT pac-
CM8TpHB8TL K8K 38Il\HTHYIO pe8KL\lilO Opl'8HH3M8 npH YCJlO-
BHH, ecnH OH8 He npeBbI1II8eT M8KCHM8JlLHLIX B03MOmHOCTeH
'1eJIOBfKa.
TIPH YTOMJIeHHH, nOMHMO cy6'heKTHBHOI'O '1YBCTBa YCT8JIO-
CTH. Y 30 H3 34 cTYAeHTOB H86J1IOA8JlHCL o&beKTHBHbIe npH-
3HaKH CHHmeHHSI YMCTBeHHoH npoAYKTHBHOCTH. TeMn pa60-
TbI npH BLlnOJIHeHHIi .KOppeKTYPHOH npo6bI Ii npo6bI
KpenenuHa 3aMC,I\JlSlnCSI, TO'lIlOCTL YMCHLlIIaJI8CL, 8 '1HCJlO
01lIH60K B03paCT8Jl0.
H8 CJlCAYIOIl\CU CTa.nuU yMCTBCIiHOro nepeH8npSlmeHuSi
(11,1 % CTY.neHToB) 1l0SlBJlSlIOTCSI ,xapaKTfpHLIe CHMnTOMbI:
p8cceSlHHOCTb BHHMRHH.R, HRPYlIIeHHe CHR, HecToHKoe DORbI-
weHHC 8pTfpH8JILHOrO AaBJlCIIHH, Y'IaIl\CIIHt' nYJILCa, TO CCTL
180

PA3j\EII 3. CLlfHM'IECKQE TIIIOP'tEUBO M nU'lxQlMrt1tHIi
npH3HSKH YCHJleHHSI p;emeJlbHOCTH CHMnSTH'leCKOH HepBHoii
CHCTeMhI. OrMe'lSeTCSI T}JeMOp n8JibD,eB pyK, BeK, rnnepI'Hp;-
poa Jls;:J;oHeii, H3MeHeHHe p;epMOl'ps(jJH3MS, HftpywseTcSI Tep-
MO))eryJlSlD,HSI. B 3TOM cy6KJ1HHH'leCKOM COCTOSlHHH p;JlHTenb-
Hoe HepBHO-3MOD,HOHSJlbHoe HsnpSlmeHHe MomeT CTSTb
nSTOl'eHHhIM (jJSKTOPOM, MOmeT BhIaBSTb TO HJlH HHoe as6oJle-
BSHHe. PftBHoBecHe (I'OMeOCTsa), 6anSHCHpoBKS I}:IHaHOJlOI'W
'leCKHX (jJYHKD,Hii HeycTOH'lHBhI H MorYT JlerKO CMeCTHThCSI B
CTOpoHY YJly'lweHHSI HJlH YXYAJIleHHSI npH p;onOJlHHTeJlbHOii
HsrpyaKe (C.3. CJlSBHHS).
npep;nSTOJlOI'H'lecKSSI CTS;:J;HSI npoTeKSeT C HspyweHHeM
pa60'lero P;HHSMH'lecKOro crepeOTHnft, S B CJlY'lse npop;0Jlme-
HHSI HepSD,HOHSJlbHO opl'8HHaOBSHHoii PS60ThI HscTynSeT yM-
CTBeHHSSI I'Hnep4JSTHI'8D,HSI, COOTBeTCTBYIOSSI nOI'p8HH'IHOMY
nSTOJlOI'H'lecKOMY COCTOSlHHIO, npH'leM npOHCXOP;HT HenpoHa-
BOp;HTeJlbHSSI TpSTS OCHOBHhIX asnSCOB HepBHoii 3HepI'HH, SC-
TeHHaftD,HSI oprSHHaMS. KJlHHHtJeCKH xspSKTepHhl: 6eCCOHHH-
D,S, pS3;:J;p8mHTenhHOCTb, nOJlHBSI nOTepSi ps6oT0cnoc06HocTH,
roJlOBHhIe 60nH, na,u;eHHe OCHOBHhlX nCHXH'lecltHX I}:IYHKD,Hii,
snSTHSI, p;enpeCCHSI, SCTCHO-HnoxoH,[IpH'leCKHe H ;:J;pYI'He ns-
TOJIOrH'lecKHe npoSlBJleHHSI.
BhISiBneHhI cnep;yIOII(He JlH'lHOCTHO-XSpSKTepOJlOrH'lecKHe
npHaHSKH, npHBO;:J;S1II(He K nepeYTOMJleHHIO: nOBhIweHHSSI
3MOD,HOHSJlbHBSI HeYCTOii'lHBOCTb, HeHSCTOii'lHBOCTh B P;OCTH-
meHHH D,eJlH, aSTopMomeHHOCTb, HeYBepeHHOCTb B ce6e, He-
YP;OBJIeTBOpeHHOCTb C060H, HHaKHii CftMOKOHTpoJlb,
Onpep;eJleHHYIO ponh B reHeaHce YMCTBeHHoii rHne!Xl>sTw
I'ftD,HH HMeeT npe,npsCnOJlO)KE!HHOCTb JlH'lHOCTH It nCHXOTpSB-
MHPYIOHM CHTYSUHHM H ycnoBHSI OpI'SHH3SD,HH Y'le6HOrO
npoD,eCCft H YMCTBfHHOii p;eSlTenhHOCTH.
JlHWb Y TpOHX Ha 69 cTyp;eHToB nCHxoreHHble peSKD,HH
6hIJlH CBSIaftHhi C nCHXOTpftBMHPYIOeii ceMeiiHo-6bITOBOii CH-
TYftD,Heii. nO;:J;ftBJlSlIOID,ee 60JIbWHHCTBO nCHxoreHHblX (JE'ftlt-
uHii CBSl3SHbI Henocpe;:J;cTBeHHo C Y'leOHbIM npoD,eccoM: Y
43 (10,6%) CTY,!J.eHTOB IICHXOreHHblf' peSIUHH ooycnoB.1JeHhI
IIpSlMOii ,!J.1I,!J.I1KTol'eIlHeH (HeraTHBHbIM nCHXU'lCCKIiM liJlII lIe-
IRI

Y.HTb 2. TU,IPAnbHA8 nCMXOIIOUU1
BpoTH'lecKUM COCTOHHHeM, BbI3BsHHOe HspyrneHHeM ne,nsro-
rH'lecKoro TBKTB - HeBfpHblM cnOBON HJIH :!KeeTOM ne,nBro-
rB), y 44 (10,9%) - OHH B03HHKBnH BO BpeMH H B CBH3H C co-
CTOHHHeM 3K3BMeHBllHOHHoro CTpeCCB. TBKHM CTpeCCOpHblMH
(jJBKTOPBMH HBnHJIHCb KBK CBMB 06CTSHOBKB 3K3BMeHOB, TSK H
H3JIHWHee npe,nCTSBJIeHHe cTy,neHTOB, no,norpeBBeMoo rpyn-
nOBoH HHAYK[(HeH 06 :(;ITOH npolte,nype KBK .3K3BMeH8ltHOH-
HOH 3K3eKY1lHH',
IIpHBe,neM ,nBB npHMeps .npe,nceccHOHHOro HeBp03B'.
HaAe>KJIa W-Ha, 21 roA. CTyAeHTKa III KYpca aKTepCKOro 4>aKynb-
TeTa. }/{ano6b1 Ha nOHl1)1(eHHOe HaCTpOeHl1e. pa3Apa)l(I1TenbHoCTb.
nnaKCI1BOCTb. nerKYIC OTBneKaeMOCTb. HeB03MO)l(HOCTb cocpeAoTo-
eHHO pa60TaTb. ItTaTb, TH)I(eCTb 8 ronOBe, 6eCCOHHIt, CHIt)l(eHlte
naMRTIt. Morna l\enblMI1 AHRMIt ne)l(aTb, HItero He AenaR. nepe>KItBaR
CBOIC 6e3AeRTenbH0C1b. nOA06Hoe COCTORHl1e nORBltnOCb HellenIC
Ha3aA. 3a /lBa /lHR nepeA 3K3aMeHaMIt. 6ecnOKOltnaCb, TO He CABCT
Itx, XOTJI TPIt npeAblAYlllltx Kypca yltnaCb 6e3 TpOel(. B 3Ty ceccltlC K
3K3aMeHaM nOArOTOBltllaCb, HO xY)l(e, eM 06b1HO, O/IHaKO Ha TpOitKIt
nerKO Morna CABTb. nonblTanaCb rOTOBItTbCR 60Jlbwe. T06b1 CABTh C
npltcYlllltM eit 6necKOM, MHoro Hoeit nOAPRA He cnana. ocna6na.
nCItXItecKltit cTaTyC: Ha BonpocbI OTBe'laeT 3aMeA/leHHo, Ha nplt-
eMe BRno. HeDXOTHO rOBOpItT, nerKO pa3Apa)l(aeTCII, 3MOl\ItOHanbHo
HeYCToit1t8a: TO nna'leT. TO HepBHO CMeeTCH. YTOMnReMa. naMHTb.
BHItMaHlte ocna6neHbl. nOKa3arenit KoppeKTypHoit np06b1 CHIt)l(eHbI.
JlItHaMIt'lecKoe Ha6nlO/leHlte: B npol\eCce 3aHHTitit nCltxorltrlle-
HIteCKItM KOMnneKCOM C1ana cnoKoitHee. ItC'Ie31la nnaKCItBOCTb It
TOCKJlItBOe HaCTpOeHlte. CTana ynbl6aTbCR. ItHorAa HaCTpoeHlte /la)l(e
HeCKonbKO npltnOAHJlToe. OC06eHHO nOCJ1e aYToreHHoit TpeHltpOBKIt.
BblCKa3b1BaeT peallbHble nnaHbI Ha 6YAYlllee.
IIoMHMO peSKllHH sCTeHHH H BnBTHH HB 3K3BMeHSllHOH-
HYIO CHTYSllHlO, 'lSl1le MO:»,"O 6hIJIO BCTpeTHTbCH C COCTOHHH-
eM npe,n3K3BMeHBllHOHHOH .JIHXOPS,nKH' C HBneHHHMH nSTO-
nOrH'leCKOrO B036ym,neHlfH, TBI<me HBpyrnBBwero 06bI'lHh1H
rOMeOCTS3 H 3,l\opoBhe cTy,neHTOB. aTO COCTOHHHe TSK)Ke Tpe-
GOBBJIO nOCJIe.nYlOl1leH nCHXOTepBneBTH'leCI<OH I<OppeKllHH.
IH2

PA3A£1I 3. (qEHH"I(I(OE 18DPYE(1'BO t1 nCM)(Qunt'lUiA
HanpHMep, MpHHa B-Bs, 23 ro.na, cTy.neHTlta III Kypca, Te-
aTpoBeA.
}!(all06b1 Ha yToMlllleMoC1b, pa3Apa)l(IITellbHoC1b, 6ecnoKoi1C1Bo,
nllaKCItBOC1b, rOIlOBHYIO 60111" HeB03MO)l(UOCTb cocpeAOTO'lItTbCII,
CKa'lKY Mblcllei1, )l(ellaHlte yi1TII OT KOlllleKTItBa. He BCTpe'laTbCII C no-
APyraMIt, 1t60 «XO'leTCIl 'IyTb lilt He YllapltTb BCex. He K Mecry Yllbl6a-
IOIIIItXCII, C101l1ll1tX nepeA ABepblO Ka61tHeTa, rile npOXOAIlT 3K3aMe-
HbI». He C1alla CAaBaTh, 1t60 «no'lYBcTBoealla He3AopoBbe».
06paTllllacb K HeBponaTollory. C0C10IlHl1e YXYAWltllOCb nOCJ1eAHlte
ABe HeAeJ1It, 'ITO CBII3blBaeT C nepeyTOMlleHlteM 11 nepe)l(lIBaHlIlIMIt
no noeoAY npeAC1olllllei1 ceccltlt - npeAcTOllllo CAaTh npeAMeT, 0
KOTOpOM CIIblwalla lIereHAbI. 'ITO CAaB ero, «AeBywKaM MO)l(HO BbIXO-
AItTb 3aMY)I(». HapYWIIIICR COH, C1alla pa3Apa)l(HTellbHoi1. «lIerKO
B3pblBalOcb, TpYAHO C IIIOAbMI1 It MHe II ItM co MHOi1, C TPYAOM aacbI-
nalO, 'IaC10 npOCblnalOCb, Bce 6eCIIT».
B COMaTD-HeBpOIlOrlt'lecKoM C1aryce - 6e3 oc06eHHocTei1.
OTle'laeT 3Ha'iIlTellbuoe YIIY'IWeHlte noclle 3aUIITI1i1 aYToreHHoi1
TpeHltpOBKoi1.
Yqe6HILH AeSiTenbHOCTb CTY.neHToo ConpSlmeHs C 6onbwoH
3MOHOHSJlbHOH HanpSlmeHHocTbIO, BpeMeHHOH neperpY3KOH
H, KaK nI06a.H AeSiTenbHocTb, npeA'bSIBJJSleT Tpe60BaHHSI K oco-
6eHHocTSIM JlHqHOCTH.
Ha6J1IO.l\eHHSI nOKa3blB81OT, qTO 60JlbWHHCTBO cTYAeHToB
JlerKO npeo.nOJleBalOT 3MOHOH8JlbHOe HsnpSlmeHHe. Ho B
KOM6HHSHH C BspHaHTBMH JlHqHOCTHblX nOAcTpYKTYP, oco-
6eHHo TBKHX, KBK xspaKTepoJlorllqecKHe qepTbi qpe3MepHoH
061l\uTeJlbHOCTH, HMnYJlbCHBHOCTH HJlH, HB060pOT, 3SCTeHqU-
BOCTH, TpeBomHoH MHHTenbHocTH, a TBKme B cJlyqse THnOJlO-
rHqeclwH Heyp8BHoOfweHHOCTH HJlII HHepTHocTH, B03HHKalOT
CTpeccopuble COCTOSlHRSI THnB OToponcnocTH, pseTepSlHHOCTI'I,
TpeBorH H AP.
Bee Mepbl, nOBbIWBI01l\He TOHye H Bb13bIB8101IHe SltTHB-
HOCTb JlII'IHOCTH, .l\SIOT XOPOWHH BbIXO.l\ 113 COC1'O.HHI'I.H nepe-
YTOMJlellH.H, y 3MOIJ.I'IOH8JlbIl0 HeyeTon'lHBbTX OTMe'I8eTCSI 38-
TSI>lUIOe (npOTpBrHpooBHHoe) Tf'leJllle If B cJly..ae H:\CJl8mm-
IX:!

YACTb 26 TEATPAl1bHMI O(I1X()J]onUI
HHSI nepemHBaHHR Hs6J11o.l\SeTCSI pSl,l\ nepeXO.l\OB OT HOPMSJIb-
IIOR nCHxoI}:lH3HOJIOrH'leCKoi! peSKlIHH .l\0 TSimenbiX CPOpM
,l\JIHTeJlbHO npOTeKSIOHX HeBp030B. 31-0 HBJIHeTCH S1pKHM
npHMepoM TeX .nepeXO.l\HblX cpOpl,l.... 0 KOTOPblX nHC8iI BhIAS-
IOHRCSI PYCCKHR TepSneBT c.n. BoTKHH ee B 1898 ro.l\Y.
QIIH nOKS3b1BSIOT KS'leCTBeHHoe PS3JIHqHe Me>K.l\Y 3.l\OpOBbeM,
nepeXO.l\HblM COCTOSIHueM H 6oJle3IIbIO B O.l\HOM H TOM me PH.l\Y
S1BJIeIIHR.
Y 154 cTy.l\eHToB Hs6J1IO.l\8JIIiCb 3STSlmHhle KJlHIIH'lecKH
BhIpsmelIHble npOSlBJIeHHSI HeBpo30B: no THUY HeBpacTeHHH
100 (21.5%) cTYAeHToB. H3 IIHX C CHII.l\POMOM BereTO.l\IICTO-
HHH - 34. HMnOTeHl.(HH - 19 H .l\PyrHMH CHH,qpoMaMH. C
nCHX8cTeHHei! - 20 (4.5%), C HCTepHei! - 15 (2,9%), C He-
BP030M HaBR3'lHBOCTH - 11 (1,8%) II .l\p., C nCHXOCOMSTHQec-
KHMH paccTpoi!cTB8MH - 59 (3.1 %). H3 HHX: CTY.l\eIITOB C
I'HnepTOHHQecKoi! 6oJIe3HbIO - 31 (1.8%). C S13BeHHoi! 60JIe3-
HbIO menY.l\KS II .l\BelIB,1\n;8THnepcTHoi! KHWKH - 28 (1,2%).
Mhl lie npHBO.l\HM onHCSHHe KnHIIHKH HeBp030B. H60 OHO
H3BeCTHO H3 MOHorpscpHi! 0 HeBpo3ax. CTaBWHX KJISCCHQecKH-
MH (C.H. ,l{sBH.l\eIIKoB, A.M. CBSI,nOlq. B.,l{. KapBscapcKHR
H.l\P.).
QCo6elIHOCTbIO KJlHHH'leCKOR KSpTIIIIblIIeBpo30B Y CTY.l\eH-
TOB HBJISleTCSI onpe.l\eneHHoe 3BY'lSHHe 1I8npHme1I1iOCTH, CBH-
38HIIOii C Y'le6HblM npolieccOM H CBoRcTBeHHOR eMY yTOMJIHe-
MOCTbIO, TPY.l\HOCTbIO COCpe.l\OTOQHTbCH. YCBSHBSTb YQe6Hhli!
MSTepH8J1.
HanpltMep, cTYAeHT-BTopOKYPCHIIK BHKTOp M-oB, 19 neT, C Alta-
rH030M HeBpaCTeHItR.
AHaMHe3 )l(1t3HIt. HacneP,CTBeHHOCTb 3AopOBaJj, ue OTJjroUleHHaJj
nCItXlt'leCKItMIt 3a6oneBaHItIlMIt. Poc II pa3BltBancJj HopMal1bHo.
MaTh 6011bHoro no xapaKTepy )l(eHUlHHa cnoKoHHaJj, ypaBHoBeweH-
Hal1, OTf )l(e B nOCJ1eAHee BpeMI1 311oynoTpe61111eT al1KoroneM. I{OH-
cPl1ltKTbl MeJKA}l pOAItTenl1MIt B AeTCTBe p,ei1CTBoBanlt Ha BItKTOpa yr-
HeTalOUle, nepeIKItBal1 3a MaTb. B WKOl1y nowen C 7 neT. Y'lHI1CI1
xopOWO, npoRBI111Jj ItHTepeC K IICTOplt1l H ItCKYCCTBY. J11061t11 'IHTaTb
IS.1

P.-J,AElI3. (qEIiH"IHKOE TOOPI.IE(1J.O" n(xonuEtI'"
XYAO)l(eC1BeHHYIO nllTepa-.yPY, no xapaKTepy 6b1n POBUblM, cnOKOH-
HblM, co CBepC1HIIKaMH 06U1anCII, HO 60nbwe 06U1ero HaXOAltn B pa3-
rOBopax co B3p0CJ1b1MIt. OKOH'IHn 10 KnaCCOB, C nepBoro pa3a noc-.y-
nltn B ItHCTII1)'T no KOHKYPcy. ( nepBoro )l(e Kypca «Ha'lanCIl
nepenoM B CTOPOHY YXYAweHlt1l CaMO'lYBcTBI1I1».
AHaMHe3 6one3HIt: Ha nepBoM Kypce C1ano TPYAHO Y'IItTbCII,
BCneAC1Blte TOro, 'ITO HaAO 6b1no npltcnOCa61lllBaTbCII K HOBblM Y'le6-
HblM YCJ10BIIIIM. Oc06eH HO TpYAHO 6b1no CAaTb nepBYIO CeCCltlO, KO-
TOpylO ene c)\all Ha TpOHKlt, 1t60 «Aonro He Mor HaHTII Allil ce6R OnTlt-
MaIlbHOrO pe)l(IIMa». (Tall 60llee 3aMKHyT, He Mor nOAonry
3aHitMaTbCII - MblCnlt «y6eralllt B CTOPOHY», TPYAHO 6b1no cocpeAO-
TO'lItTbCII», nponana YCItA'IItBOCTb. Ha BTOpOM Kypce aAanTltpOBanClI,
C1an ycnewHo 3aHitMaTbCR It «Hawen CBOH pe)l(ItM», CTall IlY'Iwe
Y'lItTbCII. Y'le6Hbli1 MaTepltan YCBaltBall ny<lwe, 'leM Ha nepBOM Kypce,
HO caMOCTORTBnbHO C KHltroi1 pa60TaTb ue Mor - «He XBaTano TO nit
yCltA4ltBOCTIt, TO nH HarnIlAHOCTIt». BeCHOH CTall nlloxo cnan, no-
IIBltllaCb pa3Apa)l(ItTellbH0C1b, 0Il\YUleHlte TpeBOrlt aa TO, 'lTO Y)I(e He
CMO)l(eT CAaTb neTH1010 CecCIlIO. 3aAYMblBanCil HaA TeM, KilK 6b1 «He
3arpeMeTb» 1t3 ItHC1It1)'Ta, nORBltnltCb nnoxlte npeA'IYBCTBItIl. 31'0 CO-
C10RHlte CMyTHOi1 TpeBOrlt CMeUltnOCb BHa'lane 6e3pa3nlt'liteM K ItH-
C11t1)'TCKItM HenOllaAKaM, a 3aTeM 6e3pa3nlt'llleM K IKII3HII, CMeHItB-
wei1clI 'IYBC1BOM OC1pOH HeYAoBneTBOpeHHoC1lt. He HaXOAlt1l
BblXOAa 1t3 C03AaBwerocil nOnO)l(eHltll, Bce BpeMII CnpaWItBan Croll:
«'ITO)I(e AenaTb?» 06b1'lHO «c yTpa HaC1)'nano npOIlCHeHlte, MblCJ1It It
o TOM, 'ITO clt-.yaljltll ue TaKall YIK rp03Hall, MO)l(eT eUle nepei1AY B
APyroi1 BY3», HO K Be'lepy Bee CTaHOBltllOCb «cepblM, 6e3pa3n1t4-
HbUO>.
06paTIIIlCII B nonltlUllIHIIKY K ueBponaTonory. Jle'lltnCII MeAItKa-
MeHT03HO, HO 'IeTBepTbli1 ceMeCTp He C.l\an: «nOIlBHllaCb HeYBepeH-
HOC1b B ce6e, TOCKnltBOe HaC1poeHlle». nonY'IlIn aKa)\eMIt'leCKItH OT-
nYCK. noexall AOMoi1 B APyroi1 ropoA, rAe «pa60Tan <p1t3It'leCKIt» It
'IYBCTBOBan ce6R XopOWO. no nplle3Ae B MOCKBY «C AP0)l(blO nepe-
c-.ynlln nopor 06U1eIKItTIIII, nOIlBllnHCb TpYAUOCTI1 06U1eHItR C AeKa-
Ha10M, XYAble MblcnH 06 01'1ltCneHIIII, cou nponan, ronOBa TpeUlalla,
pa3ApaIKanll npeycneBalOUllte c-.yAeHTbI, TOBapltUlH no KOMHaTe».
06paTltnCil 3a ncltxoTepaneBTH'IeCKoi1 nOMOUlblO.
1115

YA(lb 2. T£AlrADIbUA:A nnO:ClllonUI
(OMaTI14ecKl1ii cra1)'c. npaBI111bHOrO TeI10CIIO)l(eHHII, YAOBl1eTBO-
pl1Tel1bHOrO nl1TaHI1I1. B l1erKI1X - Be311KY11llpHOe AblxaHl1e. (epA-
lie - rpaHI1I1b1 B uopMe, TOUbI pI1TMI1'lHbI, HeCKOl1bKO npl1rl1yweHbI,
)l(I1BOT MllrKl1ii, 6e36011e3HeHHbli1. ne4eHb 11 ce11e3eHKa He nal1bnll-
PYIOTCII. (IIMnTOM nacrepHallKoro OTpl1l\aTeJlbHblii.
HeBp0l10rl14ecKI1i1 cra-.yc. 3pa'lKI1 OAI1HaKoBoi1 cpOpMbI, peaKl\1111
Ha CBeT )l(HBall. (YXo)l(l111bHble pe4!11eKCbI paBHOMepHO O)l(I1Bl1eHbI,
naT0110rH4eCKI1X HeT.
nCI1XII'leCKHii craT)'c. (03HaHl1e IICHoe, Opl1eHTl1pOBKa BO BpeMe- .
HI1 11 B npoCTpaHcrBe He HapyweHa. Bo BpeMJI 6eceAbI C Bpa'lOM CI1-
AI1T C onYll\eHuoii r0l10Boii, He MO)l(eT JlCHO Bblpa311Tb CBOI1 MblCnl1,
onI1CaTb'CBOe cocrollHl1e.
6peAOBble I1AeH He BblCKa3b1BaeT, ral1l1lOl1l1Hal\1111 OTpl1ljaeT. OT-
MfO/aeT, 'lTO 6blBalOT npl1CT)'nbl paBHOAYWI111 KO BceMY, HeyAoBneTBO-
peHHocrl1 c060i1, TorAa He HaxOAI1T ce6e Mecra, pa3Apa)l(aeTCJI Ha
OKpy)l(aIOIl\HX.
AI1HaMI1'leCKOe Ha611IOAeHl1e. nOCJ1e KOMnl1eKCHoro ne4eHI111 Me-
AI1Ki1MeHTaMI1 C npl1MeHeHl1eM nCI1XOrllrl1eHI14eCKI1X 6eceA, aYTOreH-
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4) op83HomepCTHaHo rpynn8 y'Jall\liXCSI, OJ8CTO C Tp8BMII-
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C8Mopery ilHlIH II.

nMTepaT)'pa
AniJpeeea r oM, COHMhHa.H nCHXOJIOrHJ!. - M., 2001.
BOJIhWOH TOJlKOBl>IH nCHXOJIOrH'leCKHH CJIOBaph I CaeT.
.A. Pe6ep. - M., 2000.
BbltomcKuu Jl,C, TICHxOJIorHSI. - M" 2000,
ra.nbnepuu II.J1. Bse,neHHe B nCHXOJIOrHlO, - M.,20oo,
l1.yrJpoeuno H.B. TICHXOJIOrRR, - M.,1999,
EuuKeeB_ M.H. 06l1.(aH H COnHaJIbH8H nCHXOJIOrHSI. - M.,
2002.
HeRMp B.. KOIPrpKO K. reuiT8.JIb1'-nCHXOJIOrRR. M.,
1998.
K.nWW6 EA. 06aH nCHXOJlOrH.H. - M., 2001.
Jleonmbe8 A.H. JIeKnHH no 06eH nCHxOJIOrHH, - M.,
2000.
06!\SI nCHxOJIOrH.H I Do,n pe,ll. A.B. KapnoB8. - M,.
2002.
IIempo6cKuaA.B.. Hpow.e8cKuil M.r. DCHXOJIOrH.H. - M.,
2002.
PyrJUltUJ.ITU!UH CJ!. OCHOBbi nCHXOJIOI'HH. - CTI6., 2000.

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OUIi U8np8BJIeHbI HII YJ\OBJIeTBOpeHUe 6UOJIOI'Ii'IeCKHX 110-
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BonS! - c8MoP;CTepMHH8IUiSI 8KTHBHOCTH 'leJlOBeKa, OCHO-
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oueHKa pe3YJlbT8Ta. CxeM8 CJlOmHOrO DOneBOI'O .ll.eHCTDI1SI: no-
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neHHOH rpynnc S!BJlcmdi.
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HS! H 0eHK8 'IenOBeK8 npH ero BocnpHS!THH (nepnoe Bne'IaT-
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:3()JCI(T OpeOJlII, ;/1)J(j>CKT nepBH'IHOCTH H .ll.P, BocnpHS!THC 'IC-
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H8J1bHO-KOmHTHBnblX npOCCCOB - H.II.CIITHHKIIHeH, pc-
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'1YBCTBOB8I1HS! 38 HerO), CTepeoTHnH38HeH - pllcnpOCTPIIHC-
HHeM H8 Hero 06l1\CnpHHHTblX WTIIMnOB - \<8Y311J1bHOM IITpH-
6YHCH (HCTOJIIWBIIHHCM npH'IHH ero nOBC.II.eHHS!).
BocnpoH3BeAeHHe - BOCCT8tlOBJIClIHC (pfKOHCTPYKHS!)
p8Hce 38nOMHeHHoro M8TepH8J18. npoecc BocnpoH3Bep;CHHS!
BI<JlIO'l8eT B COOSI npoeccbI npHnOMHII8I1HJ\ H BocnOMHHIIHHSI.
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<t>peH.II.Y), npH KOTOpOM 3l1eprHS! JlH6H.II.O 3I1roHS!eTCS! BHYTPb
- HC pe8J1H3yeTCJI B .ll.eS!TCJlbIlOCTH, OCTaCTCS! B 'leJlOBeKe, BLl-
3b1B8SI HllnpS!meHIIOCTb era nCHXH'ICC\WrO COCTOS!HHJI. IIO.ll.8B-
JlCHlIbie )KenIlIlHS! nOCTOS!IIHO 1I111OT 0 cc6(' 311aT\> B BI1.l\C orOBO-
pOK, OIlIl160\<, onHCOI< H B BHlIt' CI1MIIOJIOII, 1I0no.lIHSItOl1\HX
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IIpI1H"rHC I\CHCTBH1'e.'bIlOCTH, HCI<lImcHlloc CHH)I\CUHbIM IWU-
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:!:!I

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.ll. e p8, ROTOpoe Sblp8maeTC.!I B .ll.eMOHCTpaQHH oRpym8101itHM.
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nbICR83bInaHHS!MH Ha 3TY T€MY, CTpeMJIeHHeM K ceKcyaJIbtlOH
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nOBeRa, OCHOBHbIC Ka'lCTBa HepBHOH CHCTeMbI. lIHHaMHKa
HepnHblX rrpoQeCCOB.
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lllHpORO HCrrOJlb30B8Tb HMCIOlL\HeC.!I orrblT H 3uaHHS!, orrepa-
THBHO HCCJIep;OnaTb H3BeCTHble npep;MCTbI B HOBblX B3aHMO-
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MblmJleHHJI.
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cymeHHeM H rHnep.ll.OMHllllpOBaHHeM BHYmeHHoro CO.ll.cpma-
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n03BOJl.!lIOlL\3S! npeo6ps30BaTb 3TH 3J1eMeHTbI C QCJlblO BOCnOJl-
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fJly6HH8 YMa - cnoc06HOCTb OT}\eJIS!Tb rJIaBHOe OT BTOpo-
CTerrenHoro, He06xo.ll.HMoe OT CJlY'I8HHOro.
flloceoJIOrH'leCRHH (n03HSnaTe.JIbHbIH) nOTCHIOISJI JIH'lHO-
CTH - o6'beM H K8'leCTBO HHI)lOpMallHH. I(OTopon p8CnOJmr8CT
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STOT rrOTPHUHaJI BKJIIO'I"CT n CC6H nCHXOJIOI'H'lPCI(He IW'IeCT-
na, C IWTOPblMH cnS!3lUUI IT0311111J3TP.'[bHfUJ It<'SlTeJIbIlOC1'b '1C.r1O-
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:1:12

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YCJlOBHSlX COllH8J1bHO-I'PynnoBorO KOHTpOJUI. BH):lbl COI\HaJIb-
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peq>epeHTHble (3I1aOJHMble). pe8JIbHble, YC.rIOBllble, CnJIOOJeu-
Hb1e, ,!\HIllIj>Y3Hble.
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pa3J1H'IHblM 3T8n8M pa3BHTHSI rpynnbl, K S!BJleIUU!M rpynno.
BOll l\HH8MHKH OTHOCS!TCS! PYKOBO,!\CTBO H JlHJ\epCTBO, npHHS!-
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nbl, cnnOOJeHHS!, I'pynnoBoe ,!\aBJIeHHe, KOHI),I.rmKTbI, rpynno-
BOll COI\HaJlbHblll KOHTpoJib - see npoecCbI, BJIHS!IOll.\He H8
nCHXOJlOrHIO nOBe):leHHS! JlHOJIIOCTH B I'pynne.
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HeHHe B nOBe):leHHH OJeJlOBeKO OT 06ll.\enpHIISlTbIX HOpM.
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J];e,nYKTHBlIbill "leTO,!!, - MeTOJ\ BOCX())K,!\eHHS! OT 06ll.\C1'0 K
OJaCTHOMY, OT a6CTp8KTHoro K KOHKpeTHOMY.
J];eJIHHKBeIiTIIOCTb (Jl8T. delillquells - COBfpmO!Oll.\HH npo-
cTynOK) - 0603HO'lClIHe nponlBonpaBHb1X J\eHCTBHH TpYlI HO -
BocnHTyeMblx no,!\pocTKOB, CT<»!ll.\HX H8 Y'IC're B KOMHOTe MHJlH-
1J,HH HJIH 38Me'leHHb1X B peryJlS!pHO coaepllloeMblX uapymeHHSlx,
cm:!c06ublx nOBJIe'lb 3S C060H yronoBHoe HOI(030HHe.
.l(enpecclIBlibie nCHxore.IHble peOKI\HH (peOKTHBHble l1e-
npeCCHH) - peaKIJ.HH, B0311HK81Oll.\He 06bI'lHO BCJle,!\CTBHe
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:n:1

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Tenb, lIeHp(XjJH3HOJIOrH'leCI(aSl OCIlOBa HaBblKOB H I1pHBbI'leK.
)J;HC4IOPHSI - lIeraTHBIIoe 3MOHOIllIJIbIlOe COCT()jJIIHe pa3-
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IIblM I1pOSIBJIeIlHSlM.
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IIOCTH.
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CTell, BbIClllaSI C3MOpe3JIH3al.\HSI 'IeJlOBeKa nYTeM npHCBoellllSl
3THX l.\eHlIOCTeH.
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MbIlUJleHHe - nCHXH'leCRHi:i npouecc 06061l(eHHoro H 0110-
Cpe]I.OBSIiHOro OTpsmellHH YCToi:i'IHBbIX, 33ROIIOMepHblX
CBOHCTH H OTHOllleHIiH ]I.eHCTBHTfJlb1l0CTH, CYll\eCTBeHHbIX
)l,nH peweHHH n03HaHaTfJlbHblX np06J1eM, CXeMSTH'leCROM
OpHeJlTal\HH B IWHRpeTHblX CHTYS1I.HSlX.
Hs6J1lOlXeUHe - HSY'lHblH MeTO]I. HCCJle,AOB3HHSI - nepexo.n
OT OIIHcaHHH q>SRTS K 06'bHCHCHHlO ero BHYTpeHHeH Cyll\HOCTH.
Ile06XOIXH:'>IhIC YCJlOHIIH: 'leTKHH nJlali H36mo.neJlHH, q}l1RCS-
1\11$1 PC3YJlhTS1'OD Hs6J11o.neIlHSI, nOCTpoellHe I'HIIO"re3Ll, 06'L>IC-
HSlIOII!eii 1136mo.naCMhle >IIJJleHHSI, H npODepKS I1IJIIBIIJlbHoe-rl-l
rI11I0'J'l':n.l B ITOCJJeJlYl{)lIlHX Jlu6mO,l<eHHHX.
1-iII

CJ10BAPIo n01>:ClrJor..,II.4((IWI)( TEPMHOe
HaBS!3'1HBLle BJIe'leHHH - lIenpOH3BOJILilbIe Hell.eJIecoo6-
pa3HLle CTpeMJIeHHH (C'IHTaTL CYMMLl lI.H<jJp, 'lHTaTL CJIOBa Ha-
060POT H T. n.).
HaBH3'1HBLIe npe,nCTaBJIeHHH (nepCeBepaI\HH) - I\HRJIH-
'leCROe HenpOH3BOJIbHOe BOCnpOH3Be,neHHe ,nIlHraTeJILHLlX H
CenCOpHO-nepI\enTHBHLlX OlI:\Yll\eHHM.
HaBH3'1HBLle COCTOIIHHII - HenpOH3BOJILil0 B03HHRaIOWHe
COCTOSlHHH HaBS!3'IHBLIX npe,nCTaBJIeHHM, MLlCJIeM H n06ymAe-
HHii, conpOBOm):\aeMble OTpHI\aTeJILHLlM 3MOI\HOHSJILHLlM TO-
HOM. ¥ a.v;OpoBLlX JlIOAeM 3TH COCTOHHHH B03HHRSIOT npH
RpaMHeM nepeYTOMJIeHHH, nCHXH'IeCROM OCJla6JIeHHOCTH.
Ha,nC03HSTeJILHOe - He nOMaIOll(HMCSI C03HaTeJlbHOMY
ROHTpOJIIO BLlClllHii ypOBeHL nCHXH'IeCROM aRTHBHOCTH 'leJIO-
BeRa (B,nOXHOBeHHe, HHTYHTHBHoe pellleHHe CJIOmHOM 3a.n;a'lH,
BLlcoItOHpaBCTBeHHLlM nopLlB).
HSnpllJI<:eHIIOCTL nCHXH'IeCKSH - nCHXH'IeCRoe COCTOHHHe
omH,nSHHH He6JIarOnpHRTHLlX J\JIH HH,nHBH,na C06LITHM HJIH
OCTPOC nepemHBaHHe npOllle,nlllHX TPSBMHPYIOIl\HX C06LlTHH,
conpHmeHHOC C 'lYBCTBOM nOBLIlllCHHOM TpeBomHOCTH, ,nHC-
I(oMIlJOpTa. CTcneHL nCHXH'lCCKOM lIanpHmeHIIOCTH 3aBHCHT
OT JIH'lHOCTHOro CMLlCJIS nCHXOTpaBMHpYIOlIlero C06LlTHH,
HaCTOWIHBOCTL RaR nCHXH'IecRoe COCTOSlHHe COCTOHT B
J\JIHTeJILHOM npeo,nOJIeHHH TPy,nHOCTeM, l'OHTpOJIHpoBSHHH
,neMCTBHH H HanpSBJlellHOCTH ero Ha AOCTUa\eHHH I\eJIH.
HaCTpoeHHC - CHTYSTHBno 06yCJlOBJleHilOC YCTOM'IHBoe
3MOI\HOHaJIbHOO COCTOHHHe, yCHJIHBaIOlIlee HJIM OCJIa6JISlIOwee
nCHXH'leCRYIO ,neHTeJIbUOCTb.
HeBMeHHeMOCTb - Hecnoc06HOCTb JIHI\S HeCT" OTBeT-
CTBCIIlIOCTb 3a COBcpweHHblC HM aHTH06weCTBCHUbJ(' ACHHHH
B CHJIY 60JIe3HeHHoro COCTOHHHH'nCHXHRH, Hecnoc06HOCTH OT-
,naBaTb OT'leT B CBOHX ,neMCTBHSlX H PYROBO,nHTb HMH. ,lI;JIH YC-
TSHOBJICHHSI HeBMeH.JJeMOCTH ,nOCTaTO'lHO 01\HOrO H3 YRR3SII-
I1LlX npH3HSROB.
HeBp03Ll - nCHxorClillblC HepSHo-nCHXH'leCRHP p8CCTpoH-
CTB!\ - neBpSCTeIlHH, HC'repJUI, lIenp03 n8BH3'IHBbiX COCTOH-
HIIH.
2-11
l

CnaeAPb n(M;,w:OtlO(tIECII.";,w: TEPMHO'
HeBpOTH3M - COCTO.HHHe 3MOUHOHaJlbHOH HeYCTOH'lHBOC-
TH, TpeBmKHOCTH.
Hel'aTHBH3M - HeMOTHBHpOBallllOC npOTHBOJ\eHCTBHe Tpe-
60BaHHHM HJIH OmHJ\aIlHHM J\pyrHx mOJ\eH, npHeM nceB)J;oca-
MO)'TBepm)J;eHHH; H8H60Jlee 'laCTO B0311HK8eT B nepHO.v; B03pa-
CTHbIX KpH3HCOB.
HepelUHTeJlbHOCTb - nCHXH'leClme COCTOSlHHe Hecnoc06-
HOCTH 6bICTPO npHHHMaTb perneHHe. Mome-r 6blTb npOSIBJleIlH-
eM oc060H nCHXH'lecKoH naCCHBHOCTH JlH'IHOCTH, CJla60CTH
HepOHbIX npoueCCOB, He.v;ocTaTO'lHOH HX no.v;BHmHOCTH.
HecjlopMaJIbHaH COUHaJlbll8H rpynna - CKJIaAbIBaeTC.H
CTHXHHHO, Ha OCHOBe 06u:(Hx HHTepecoo H YCTpeMJIeIlHH. ITo-
Be.v;eHHe 'lJIeHOB 3THX I'pynn pel'JI8MeHTHPyeTcH OC06blMH He-
nHcaHbIMH npSBHJlaMH. HanpHMep, J\pymecRHe ROMnaHHH,
.v;BOpOBbIH KOJlJleRTHB, RpHMHHSJlbHbIe CTPYRTYPbI.
HpaBcTBeHHbIe 'lYBCTBa - 3Mou.HOHaJIbHOe OTHOllleHHe
JIH'lHOCTH K CBoeMY nOBe)J;ellHIO H nOBe.v;eHHIO .v;PyrHX.
0606u:(eJlHe - CBOHCTBO MbIIllJleHHH H B TO me BpeMSl u.eHT-
paJlbH8H MbICJIHTeJIbHaH onepaUHH, MomeT oCYIl\eCTBJlHTbCSl
Ha J\BYX YPOBHHX. TIepBblH (3J1eMeHTapHbIH) YPoBeHb - reHe-
paJlH3alHH - coe)J;HHeHHe CXOJ\HbIX npe.v;MeToB no OHelllHHM
npH3HaKBM. BTOpOH ypoBeHb - BbmeJIeHHe CYll(ecTBeHHbIx
061l(HX npH3HaRoB.
06pa3 MHpa - lIeJIOCTHaSl CHCTeM8 npeJ\CT8BJ1eHHH HIIJ\H-
BHAa 0 MHpe.
06u:(8H nCHXOJlOI'HH - nCHXOJlOrH'IeCKaH .v;HClI.HnJlHHa,
ROTopaS! H3Y'laeT HaH60JIee 06ll\He 3aKoHbI, 3aRoHoMeplloCTH
H MexallH3MbI nCHXHRH.
06u:(eCTBO - C0U.HOl,YJlbTYPllaH CHcTeMa, npeJ\cTBBJlHIO-
ll\aH C060H pe3YJIbTaT B3aHMOJ\eHCTBHH .v;BYX no.v;CHCTeM -
RYJlbTypbI H cou.HaJlbHOH CHCTeMbl. OT .v;PyrHx COUl1aJIbHblX
06pa30BaHHH - rpynn, 06n1I0CTeH, opraHH33UHH 06Il\eCTBO
OTJlI1'laeTCSl WIHTeJlbHOCThlO CYll(eCTBoBaHHH H caMOJ[OCT8TO'I-
HOCTblO, TO eCTb OHO 06Jla,lL8eT BceMH ne06xo.v;HMblMH pE'cypca-
MH J\JlH clJocro BocnpOH3nO./lCTB:l H HOpM3J1bIlOrO pS3ImTI1.fl.
212

(I1(1BAPb n(H);OTlor"'1WI.J: IEPPo'iHOlf.
06LJ)I,ClIHOe C03l1aHHe - cOBOKynHoCTL :JMnHpH'leCltHX
3HaHHi:i H npeJ\CTaBJleHHH, ,r:(OMHHHPYIOUHX B ,r:(BIIHOi:i COlllI-
BlIbHOH 061I\1IOCTH.
Oti'LelVl Bllllllla]1H1I - KOJIHqCCTBO He CBH3BHIILlX ,r:(pyr C
,r:(pyroM 06'bCKTOB, KOTopLle MorYT BocnpHIlHIVIBTLCH O,r:(IIOBpe-
lVIeHIIO HCIIO H OT'ICTlIIfBO.
OnapCHIiOCTL - 06ll!He cnoc06110CTH, 06ecnC'IHBBIOII\HC
HH)J;HBH,ny B03MO:atHOCTL BLlCOKonpo,nYKTHBHOH ,nemeJILHOC-
TH B onpc,nCJICHHOM HBnpaBJIeHHH (MaTCMaTH'ICCKOM, MY3Ll-
KBJlLHOM, lIHTepBTYPIlOM, xy,nO:atCCTBeH HOM , HayqllOM, cnop-
THBIIOM).
OllToreHC3 - npOllecc pB3BHTHII HII,r:(HBH,nYBJILIIOrO opra-
IIH3MQ.
OpliCIITIlPOBO'IllBIi ,r:(CIITCJlLHOCTL - CHCTCMa HIITCJlJIeKTy'
aJlLHLlX ,neHCTSHH cy6'1,eKTB, HanpBBlICHHBH lIa opHeHTHpOB-
lty B CHTYBU;HIf, ee 06CJIe,nOBaHHe H nJlaHllpOBBIlHe npeJ;\CTOII-
ll!ero nOBeJ;\eHHH. ,
OIlI;yll\CHHC - IICHXH'leCKHH npollecc OTpB:ateHMH :meMeH-
TBpHLlX (ljJH3HqeCKHX If XHMIf<JeCKHX) CIIOHCTB J;\eHCTBMTe.JIL-
HOCTII, HenocpeJ;\CTBeHHO B03.n;ei:icTBYIOll!HX Ha oprBHLl qYBCTB
(ceHcopHBn qYBCTBHTeJlLHOCTL).
nBMIITL - HHTerpHponallHoe nCHXH'leCKOe OTps:ateHIfC
npowJloro B3aHMOJ;\ei"lcTBHII qeJlOBeKB C J;\eHCTBHTeJILHOCTLIO,
HHI)IOpMBllHOllllblH 11!OH)J; ero :atM3I1eJ;\e.HTeJILHOCTH,
naTOnCIIXOJIOrHJI - nCHXOJlOrHqecltSIl J;\HCU;HnJlHlI3, KO-
TopaH H3Y'IBeT OTKJlOlleHHH B pS3BHTHH nCHxHKH, pacnsJ;\
nCHXHKH npn pS3JlH'IHblX IllopMBX M03roBoi"l naTOJIOrHH.
nenBrOrH'lCCKBH UCIIXOJIOrHH - nCHXOJIOrH'leCltBH J;\HC-
ltHnJlHHS, KOTopaH Hay'me,' 3aKOHOMepilOCTH pB311HTMJI JlM'I-
HOCTH II npolecce 06Y'leIlHH, BocnlfTBHH.H.
llepcCllepBU;lfli (JlaT. p('/"sv(,l"Gtio - ynopCTBO) -- HenpoH3-
BOJILHOO, HallH3'IHnoe lIocnpOH3BeJ(ellHe 1(>.KHX-Jln60 MI>Ic.7Jeit,
IICPC-.tHIIBIIHH, IIBMepellHH MJlli npCACTBBJICIIHH, CHMnTOM OC-
TpOI'O nepCYTOMJIeIlIUI.
llepcOHBJJH3Bl\HH --- OC031lBlIMC HIIJlnmfllOM Beo6xOllHMO('-
1'11 ()11T>P.}U".PHIIOi.j IJI)Cl-lC'1'aUJUHiJl()CTM CU.OPM JJHtlliOC .'U 11 {I1:"-
1:

(noe",pb n{XO.nOrH"E(H"X IEP"'''''H08
He.l{eHTe.TlbHOC'H .l{pyrHx .Tl1O.l{eH, JlHOJHOCTHOH C8MOpe8J1H3a'
ItHH B .l{8HHOH COIl.H8J1bHOH 06Il\HOCTH.
llepUenUHH COIH8J1bH811 - OC06eHHOCTH BocrrpHSITHH, no.
HHMRHHS! H oueHl,H JlIO.l{bMH COl\HaJlbHblX 06'beI,TOB (.l{PyrHx
JlIO.l{eH, caMHX ce6H, COIl.H8.TlbHblX rpYlln H 06Il\HOCTeH).
llepII.enTHBIILle (Jl8T. perseptio - 1I03H8B8HHC, 1I0HS!THe,
BocnpHSITHe) npOIl.eCCbl - OTp8meHHe npe.l{MeTOB H S!BJleHHH
B HX IteJIOCTHOM BH.l{e 6J1aro.l{8pH OC03HaHHIO HX CyIlteC"l'BeHHLIX
OTJlHOJHTeJlbHblX IIpH3HaROB. llCHXH'leCRHH pe3YJlbT8T 3THX
npOIl.eccoB H83blB8CTCJI BocnpHHTHeM. llepl\enTHBHble npOllec-
CLI H8ps!.l!Y C BH.l{OIlOH cneIl.H<jmlwH (OCo6eHHOCTH 3pHTeJlbHblX,
CJlYXOSblX H OCS!38TeJlbHbIX npoIl.eCCOB) nO.l{'lHlleHbl 06Il\MM 38-
lWHOMepHOCTS!M: npe.v;MCTHOCTH, H36HpaTeJlbHOii Hanp8B.TleH-
HOCTH, I1.eJlOCTHOCTH, CTPYKTYPHOCTH, anllepII.enllHH, ROH-
CT8HTHOCTH.
llOBeJJ;eHHe - IIpHCYll\ee )KHBblM CYIl\eCTB8M 8.l{8nTHBHoe
B38HMo.qeHCTBHe co cpeAOH, onOCpe.l{OB8HHOe IICHXHOJecROH H
.l{BHr8Te.TlbHOH 8KTHBHOCTblO.
llOBeIXeHHe 'leJIOBeKa - OCHOB8HH8Sl H8 IIpHpOAllbIX rrpe.l{-
nOCbIJlK3X, HO COUH8J1bHO 06YCJIOBJleHH8H, 3HaROBO (nOHS!THH"
HO) onOCpe.l\OB8HH8S1 CHCTeM8 .l{eiiCTBHH, nOC"l'ynKoB, H8np8B-
JleHHblX H8 YAOBJIeTBOpeHHe onpe.l{eJleHHblX n0Tpe6HOCTeii.
llOrpaHH'lHLle COCTOHHIIH - nCHXH'leCKHC COCTOS!HHS!,
Me)K.l{Y HopMon H n8TOJlOrHeH. II: T8RHM COCTOHHHH M OTHOCHT'
CJl: pe8KTHBHble COCTOHHHH; HeBp03b1; nCHxon8TonOAo6Hbie
COCTOSlHHSl; 38.t\ep)KRH nCHXH'leCKOrO p83BHTHJI (YMCTBeHH8Sl
OTCTMOCTb).
llo.nC03HaTeJIbHbllt ypoBeHb nCHXH'leCROH .l\eHTeJlbHOC-
TH - 06061l\eHHble, 8BTOM8TH3HpOB8HHbIe B 011 bITe A8HHOro
HHJJ.HBHJJ.8 CTepCOTHnLl ero DOBeAeHHH - YMeHHSl, HaBblKH,
npHBbI'lRH, HHTYHII.HH. aTO nOBeAeH'leCKoe MPO HHAHBHA8,
CQJOpMHpOB811Hoe H8 p8HHHX CT8AHHX ero P83BHTHJI.
ll031UUHI - YCTOj:\'IHH8S1 CHCTeM8 oTHOUleHHH HIIAlfBHA8 K
pR3JJH'lllblM H8H60Jlee 3HR'IHMbIM JlBJleHHSlM Jl:eHC'rSIfTCJlb-
H()<TH.
211

CII0BAft> nrn:.onom.,t(KK IEfMt1li(}B.
, lloHRTHe - <llOpMR MbIWJICHHH, B KOTOPOi"l OTpRn,aIOTCH
CYll\eCTBCHHblC CBOi"lcTDa OAHOpOAHOH rpynnbl npCAMeTO B H
HBJlCHHH.
llpe.ll:MeT nCHXOJIOrHl< - 'ICJlOBCI< K8K Cy6'bCRT .nCHTeJlbHO-
CTH, CHCTeMHbIe Ka'IeCTB8 ero CaMOperYJlSnnm; 38KOHOMCpHO.
CTH CT8HOBJICRIUI H <l)YHKHOHHpOBaHHH nCHXHKH 'leJlOBeK8,
ero cnoco6HOCTH OTp8mRTb, n03H8B8Tb MHp H perYJlHpOB8Tb
CBoe B3aHMo.neHCTBHe C HHM.
llpe.ll:CTaBJleHHR - 06P83bI npc.nMeTOB, HBJleHH" H Coobl-
THi"I, B03HHKalOll\HC B pe3YJlbT8TC HX npHnOMHH8HHH HJlH BO-
06pIUKCHHH. B OTJIH'IHC OT 06P830B BocnpHHTHH, npeACTaBJIC-
HHH HCCYT B cc6e npH3HaKH 0606u:(eHHocTH H, K8K npRBHJlO,
{jJparMCHT8pHbI.
llpe.ll:y6e:1l\:.II: eIlHC - ycT8HOBK8, 6JrOKHpYIOll\3S! !U(eltB8TRQe
OTpameilHe HBJlCHH".
llpo6ncMa - OC03R8HHe cy6'beKTOM n03H8B3TCJlbHOrO BO'
npoca, HCXOJ[SI H3 8HMH3a np06J1eMHoii cHTyal\HH, nopom,l\e-
HHe n03H8B8TeJlbHoro MOTHBa, npe06pa30B8HHe np06JIeMHOH
CHTY8HH B n03Han8TeJlbHY1O 3!U(a'IY.
llpo6J1eMHRII CHTY8l\HR - npOTHBOpe'lHBOC COOTHoweHHC
06cTOIIT€JIbCTB, He HMcroll\eC O,l\H03H8'IHoro pCllICHHH, CT8PTO'
BOO YCJIOBHe np06JIeMHOrO MbillIJICHHSI"
llpoc}JecCHorpac}JHII - onHcaHHe CHCTeMbl Tpe6oB8HHH,
npe.n'bS!BJlJleMbiX onpe.nCJleHHoii npol!Je<:CHeH It nCHXO(!1H3HO-
JlOrH'.IeCKHM H nCHXH'IeCKHM K8'1eCTB8M HHJ].HBH.n8, OCHOB8
npoI!JeccHOH8JIbHOH nCHXO,l\HRI"IIOCTHKH.
llCHXIIKa - CHCTeMHoe OTp8maTe.TlbHo.peI"YJlHl\HOHHOC
CBOHCTBO BbiCOKoopr8HH30BaHHbiX mHBblX opr811H3MOB, 06cc-
ne'IHB81Oll\ee HX npHcnoco6J1CHHe K OKPYJK8101l\CH cpe.n e .
llCHXIIKa '1CJIOBeI{a - cy6"beKTHBHoe OTp8JIWHHC o6'beK-
THBROH ,l\eHCTBHTeJlbHOCTH B HJJ.e8J1bHbIX o6p83ax, Ha OCHOBe
ItOTOpblX OCyu:(CCTBJIlieTCH pCI"YJlS!l\HS! B3aHMO,l\eiicTBHS! '1eJlD"
BCI,a co cpe.no ii .
llCHXH'ICCJ{IIH 06pa3 - l\eJlOC1'1I0e, HIlTerpaTHBHOC OTpa-
mCHHe OTHOCHTCJIbHO CRMOC.TOHTe.TIbIlOH, ,l\HCKpCTHOH '1aCTH
JleiiCTlm"rCJlbIlOC"l'H, HIHIIOPM8l\HOIl1l8n MOAe.TJb JCHCTBHTCJIb-
215

(JI()BAf'b nn"lxonon''JQUKt'lX Tf.tl<ollltl()8
HOCTH, HcnoJlb3yeMa$l 'leJlOBCKOM /.IJlS! perYJlSIIHH CBOeM mH3-
He.v;e$lTeJIbHOCTH,
[lcHXH'leCKHe npOl(eCCbS - cOBOl,ymlOcTb aKTOB nCHXH'le-
CKOM .v;eSITeJlbHOCTH. KmKJJ;blH nCllXH'lecl,Hi"I npOl(eCC HMeeT
06ll\HH 06'beKT OTpsmeHHS! H e.v;HliYIO OTpamaTeJIbliO-pcryJI$I-
l(HOliHYIO cnell.HI)IHl,Y. nCHXH'leCKHe npol(eCCbI no.v;pa3.v;eJ1S1"
IOTCS! lia n03H8B8TeJlblible, BOJleBble H 3MOll.HOHaJlbHbIC.
[lcuxH'leCKall pe86uJlHT81J,HII - KOMnJleKC Me.v;HKo-nCHXO-
JlOrH'leCKHX Cpe.v;CTB, HSnpSBJIeHHblX lIa BOCCTaHOBJleHHe HJlH
KOppel'lI.HIO HapyweHHblX nCliXH'IeCKIiX c:)IYHKll.HH, JlH'lHOCT-
Horo CTSTYCS TpSBMHpocallHoro HH.v;HBH,1\a.
IIcHXII'leCKHe CBOHCTBa JIH'lHOCTH - THnll'lIible Mil 'leJIO-
BeKS oco6eliHocTH ero nCIIXHKll. oc06eHHocTIi peaJlH3all.HlI ero
nCHXH'leCKIiX npoll.eccoB. K nCHXll'leCI,HM CBoMCTBaM JIH'IHO-
CTH OTHOCSlTCSI: TeMnep8MeHT, HanpaBJIelillOCTb JlH'lHOCTH
(nOTpe6HOCTlI, HHTepeCLl, MHpOB033peHlIe, H.v;eanbl), xapaK-
Tep,cnoc06l1ocTH.
[lCIIXU'lCCKOe cocroHHlIe - BpeMeHHoe cBDeo6pa3l1e nCII-
xlI'leCKoM .v;eS!TeJlbilOCTlI IIH.v;HBll.v;a, 06YCJlOBJleHlIoe co.v;epma-
IIHeM H YCJlOBHS!MH ero .v;eSlTeJIbHOCTH, JlH'lHOCTHbIM OTlIowe-
IIHCM K 3T0l1 JWHTeJlLilOcTH.
[lcHxOJ):uarIlOCTuKa - 06J1acTb nCHXOJlOrHH, pa3pa6aTbl-
BaIOll\aSl MeTO.v;bl H npoll.e.v;ypbl BblSlBJICHHSI H H3MepeHHSI lIH-
./<HBlI.v;Y8JIbHo'ncHxOJlOrH'leCKHX oco6eHHocTeH JlH'IHOCTH.
IlcuxoJIorH'lCCKuH TeCT - KpaTKoe, CTaHl\8PTH3HponSII-
Hoe, KaK npSBHJIO, Orp8l1H'leHHoe BO BpeMeliH HCIIblTSTeJlbHDe
38)J.aHHe /.VISI YCT8HOBJIeliHSI OT,neJlbHbIX liHJ):HBH,nyaJlbHbIX
oco6eHHocTeH HcnblTyeMoro.
[lcuXOJlOrHH - II"YK8 06 06ll1l1x 3aKOliO:vJepIlOCTSlX pa3BH-
THSI H ()IYHKltHOllHpoBaHIUl nCIIXHKll H Hn.l\HnHJ.\YI1JIbliO-THno-
JlOrH'lCCI,HX oc06cHHm:TSlx ec npOSlBJlCHH.SI, HBYHfi 06 061l1HX
3aKoHoMepHocTSlX B38HMoJJ;eikTBHSI 'IeJlOneKB co CpCJ\OH.
lIcJlxonBTJuJ - Bpom,neun8n IIJ1H pS31Il1BllH\SlCSI H paHl-tHE'
rollbl BHOMfiJIHIA JIl1'lUoC'rH, i\nOMfiJlhHOCTb Bblcmdi HcpllHoi-i
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