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4-

PREF ACE
For the last eight years I have been serving in leadership of
The Salvation Army. At present I an1 Territorial leader.
I am grateful to this wonderful country for the missionary and
social ministry experience that it has given me. The Salvation
Army provides assistance to many needy, poor and homeless
people, the hungry, street children and also to other social organ-
izations - orphanages and homes for the elderly. We are thankful
that we were able to establish our Christian work in Russia,
despite all the difficulties we had to overcome.
Without a doubt, the denial for re-registration of the Moscow
Branch of the Salvation Army in 1999 was the most difficult
challenge we faced.
The European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg however,
granted an appeal from the Russian Religious Organisation, The
Salvation Army, only on the 5 th of October 2006 for the first time
in its history. It came to the decision that the Justice Department
in Moscow had denied the re-registration of Salvation Army
Moscow Branch illegally. The decision sho'wed that Item 11 of
The European Convention for Human Rights (freedom of assem-
bly and association) had been breached comprehensively when
viewed in the light of Item 9 of the Convention (freedom of
thought, conscience and religion). Consequently, the Court
resolved that the State-defendant -The Russian Federation
must pay punitive damages of 10,000 Euros to the Moscow
Branch of The Salvation Army as compensation. Furthermore,
the Court resolved that: «Having denied The Salvation Army
Moscow Branch re-registration in Moscow, the authorities acted It\

unconscientiously and neglected their responsibilities to uphold
neutrality and remain un-biased towards an appealing religious
community».
The funds received in damages will definitely all be used in
our charity work. The victory itself is not so important to us.
Winning in the Court is not as important to us as the fact that \ve
can now operate freely and, in particular, can provide social serv-
ices in Russia. Moreover, this issue can really be looked on as a
misunderstanding. Sadly, it is important to realize that it will be
difficult for many Salvationists to shake off the feeling of embar-
rassment and shame at the inadequacies of Russian officials and
the courts of justice. At the very beginning of this whole process,
back in 2001 when the application from The Salvation Army was
first sent to the European Court, everyone who saw it just
laughed -laughed at the situation, and at the grounds given by
the Russian judge for the decisions they handed dO'wn. They
laughed, not merely at a particular individual but at Russian
practices as a whole. This we are saddened by.
The decision by the European Court concerning The Salvation
Army can be considered as historical - the first time a Russian
religious organization sought, in the European Court, to protect
its right to meet and to carry out its activities according to its
faith. This decision undoubtedly will become an important prece-
dent in legal practice concerning the protection of constitutional
rights and freedom of conscience in Russia and Europe, both for
individuals and for religious organisations.
We are grateful to the Slavic Legal Center and its representa-
tives - to the courageous Russian lawyers Anatoly Pchelintsev
and Vladimir Ryakhovsky -their active participation in the fate
of The Salvation Army in Russia. It is the Slavonic Legal Center
that helped us overcome our difficulties and enabled us to con-
tinue our evangelical activity that is focused on that which is the
central to Christianity- to help our neighbors under the motto -
«Heart to God, Hand to man».
Barry Pobjie,
Commissione1'
\0

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KaMH nOJIOmelurf1 CHMBOJIa BepbI), H npH 3TOM 00H3yeTcH c06.mo,n;aTb
cy60pHHaQHIO H Bce CBOH CHJIbI H CBooo.n;Hoe BpeMR OT.n;aBaTb CJIy:meHJ11O
ApMHH Cnacemm H nporrOBe.n;H ee YT.ieHJ1.H. O.n;HOM H3 r JIaBHbIX MHCCHM HB-
MeTCH «BOCnOJlHeHJ-le cpH3Ht.JeCKI1X HYJR,lJ; Bcex Hym.n;alOmI1XCH, He3aBH-
CHMO OT paCbI, eTa KOJKH, BepOHcnOBe,n;am-IH, nOJIa H B03paCTa». 3Ta
LleJIb H onpe,n;eJIHJIa 6JIarOTBOpl'ITeJIbHbIt'1 xapaKTep .n;aHHOM QepKBH. Ee
npHlITQ-ill - «MbI QepKOBb, KOTOpaR roBOpHT H .n;eJIaeT»,
IIoHBJIeHHe Bcex 3THX xa paKTepHbIX oc06eHHOCTew npOTeCTaHTCKOrO
JJ;BHmeHHH, KaKHM CTaJIa ApMHH CnaceHHR, OODHCHHeTCH B 3Ha'Y:lITe.."Ib-
HOI';'[ CTeneHH JIHt.JHOCTblO OCHOBaTeJIH H HCTopHeM ee CTaHOBJIeHlm. OCHO-
BaTeJIb ApMHH CnaCeHJ1H YHJIb.HM: Byr pO,lJ;J1JICH B HOTTJ1HreMe B AHr.mm
06paTHJICH K Bepe B B03paC're 15 JIeT. MM ,n;BHraJIH TPH CTpeMJIemIH: pe-
aJIH3aQlm ce6H B mH3HH; aKTHBHOe COQHaJIbHOe c.rrymeHHe JIH nOMO[
Oe)],HblM H CJIy:meHHe Eory. Ha nepBblX nopax OH HallleJI CBoe MeCTO
1 CM. nO,Qpo6Hee no nOBOAY BePO)l'!eHI1 11 OpfaHI13a11 ApMl111 CnaCeHI1: Crem.1Ha A. ApMI1
CnaCeHI1 /I COBpeMeHHa peJ1l1rI103Ha )K113Hb POCCI1I1. On biT CI1CTeMaTWieCKoro OnI1CaHI1.
T. III OrB. peA. M. 6YPAO. C.6. C1>11J1aTOB. M.: noroe. 2003. C. 112-125; 3n6aKflH E. ApMI1 Cna-
CeHI1 II Penl1fl10BeAeHl1e. 3HLlI1K.nOne.c,I1'1eCKI1H cnOBapb. M.: AKa.IJ,eMI1'1ecKI1H npoeKT. 2006.
C. 68-69.
\0
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B LlepKBH )hK. Y3CJIH H CTaJI O,D;HHM: H3 aKTHBHbIX YT.iaCTHJ1KOB MeTO.n;HCT-
CKOro pecpopMaTOpCKOrO ,n;BH:meHHH. B 1852 fO,n;y OH B03fJIaBHJI MeTo-
.n;HCTCKHM OKpyr B CnoJI,ZJ;Jt1Hre (JIHHKOJIbHllIHp). 3.n;ecb BbIpa60TaJIaCb
npaKTHKa ny6JIH'Y:Horo BblCTYnJIeHHH KaIO1XCH rpelllHHKoB nepe.n; co-
6paHHeM OOllHHbI, 't.ITO JIerJIO B OCHOBY cpOpMbl nOKaHHHH IIpHHHTOI';'[
B ApMJ1I1 CnaceHHH. HeMHoro 6c)JIee 'Y:eM tfepe3 ro,n; Y. Byr pellIJ1JI IIOCBH-
THTb ceoH 60JIee aKTHBHoMY .n;BHmemno «HoBoe MeTO,lJ,HCTCKOe OO'be.n;H-
HeHJ1e» H nocTynHJI YT.iHThCH TeOJIorJ111. O'Y:eHb CKOpO eMY 6bIJI Ha3Ha'Y:eH
HClIbITaTeJIbHbII1 CpOK KaK CB.HI..IJ;eHHHKY HOBoro MeTo.n;HCTCKOro OO'be.n;H-
HeHHH H npe,n;JIOmeHO CTaTb nOMOmRJtIKOM cynepHHTeH,D;aHTa JIOH,D;OH-
CKoro oKpyra. Ho BCKope nOHa,n;OOHJICH ero .n;ap nponOBe,D;HHKa., H OH CTaJI
pyKOBO.n;HTb coopaHHHMH, nOCBHeHHbIMH B03poeIDno BepbI, B BpHC-
TOJIe, f:'pHCH H BO MHOrHX ,n;pyn1X ropo,n;ax.
B 1855 rolIY YHJIbHM BYT meHJ / lJICH Ha l\eTpJ1H MaMcpOp.n;, KOTOpaH
npHHHJIa He MeHblllee yqaCTl[e B opraHH3al.'(HH ApMHH CnaCeHl'1H, qeM OH.
l\eTpHH pOHJIaCb B 1829 rolIY B 3rn50He H, eme 6YlJ.Y'Y:H pe6eHKoM, BO-
llIJIa B IOHorneCKoe OOI..IJ;eCTBO MJ1JIOCep.n;JtIH H CTaJIa ero ceKpeTapeM. OHa
TalOKe npOHBJIHJIa OOJIblllOM J1HTepeC K 1\'il'ICCHOHepcKoi1 .n;eHTeJIbHOCTH.
B 1858 ro,n;y Y. Byr 6bIJI nOCBHll\eH B caH H emero.n;HoM KOHpeHLlHel';'[
Ha3Ha'Y:eH rJIaBOJ';'[ CHa'Y:aJIa oKpyra Bpai::j:xaY3, a nOTOM feMTcxe.n;. f.n;e 1I0.n;
HX PYKOBO,lJ.CTBOM CTaJIH npOHCXO.n;HTb MaCCOBble 06pall\eHJ1H K Bepe.
J13.n;ecb me CTaJIH CKJIa,n;bIBaTbCH npHHLlHnbl paooTbl ApMHH CnaceHHH.
O,D;HabI BetfepOM B BocKpeceHbe no IIYTH B QepKoBb KeTpHH Byr CTa-
JIa 06paaTbC.R K rpelllHJtIKaM npHMo y noporoB HX .n;OMOB. 3ecb :me OHa
BnepBble BbIcTynHJIa nyOJIHqHO, paCCKa3aB 0 COOCTBeHHOM .n;YXOBHOM
OIIbrre.
CaM OCHOBaTeJIb MeTO.n;H3Ma .n::m. Y3CJIH npH.n;aBaJI 60JIbrnOe 3HaqeHHe
,n;OKTpHHe CB.HTOCTH, HO MeTo,n,HcTCKaH LlepKoBb C Te'Y:eHHeM BpeMeIDI OC-
JIa6HJIa K HeM Bm[MaHHe, 'Y:TO He y.n;OBJIeTBOp.HJIO YHJIbHMa Byra. JtI OH co
cBoeti CynpyrOM npl'lH.HJIJ1 pellleHJ/Ie nponOBe.n;OBaTb ,n;OKTPHHY CBHTOCTH
B KatfeCTBe meJIaTeJIbHOM H .n;OCTHmJ1MOH: QeJIH B mH3HH KaJK,lJ;oro, .n;a:me
BIIOJIHe 06bIKHoBeHHoro qeJIOBeKa. B 1861 ro,n;y Byr no.n;aJI B oTCTaBKY,
H OHH BMeCTe C meHoM 3aH.HJIHCb IIponoBe,D;HHqecKOJ';'[ .n;eHTeJIbHOCTblO.
C 1864 ro,n;a ObIJIO perneHo, tfTO MJ1CCHC BY'!' 6y.n;eT IIpOBO.n;HTb coopaIDIH
caMOCTOHTeJIbHO, H BCKope OHa B03r JIaBl'lJIa CJIy:meHHe no .n;YXOBHOMY
B03poeIDno, BbI3BaBlllee llIHpOKHM Jt1HTepeC B 06meCTBe.
IIpom)Be,lH YHJIb.HMa H KeTpHH Byr HMeJIH OOJIbrnOM ycnex, HO BbI-
3BaJIH npOTHBo.n;eilcTBHe aHI'JIHKaHCKOJ1: H MeTO,lJ,HCTCKOI1: QepKBel1:, H OHM
Bce 'Y:aI..IJ;e 6bIJIH BbIHyeHbI npOBo.z::r,HTb CBOH BCTpe'Y:H C BepyIO1MH He r---
B cooopax, a B nOMell\emmX cyryoo MHpCKJt1X. B 1865 ro.n;y Y. BY'!' Ha'Y:aJI ....

  v v
npOBO.n;HTb MaCCOBYIO eBaHreJIH3aQl'1I0 B HaHOOJIee Oe,D;HOH BOCTO'Y:HOH 'Y:a-
CTH JIOH,[(OHa. IIepBaH CJIy:m6a ObLJIa npOBe,n,eHa B lllaTpe, nOTOM B TaHLle-
BaJIbHOM KJIY6e H BO BCeB03MO.JKHbIX ,n;pyfJtIX 3.n;aHJ'mX H Ha OTKpbITOM
B03,ZJ;yxe. CHa'lJaJIa Y. BYT OTCbIJIaJI HOB006paeHHbIX B .n.eficTBYlOmI'Ie
LlepKBH. Ho CTOJIKHYJICH C TeM, 'Y:TO OHH He Bcer.n.a H Ty,n;a, Ky,n;a OH HX
HanpaBJIHJI, H 3aqacrylO B 3TJt1X epKBHX OID1 HHKOMY He HyiKHbL B KOH-
u:e KOlfi.'(OB OH OC03HaJI, 'lJTO OHH HY.JKI-IbI eMY caMOMY B Ka'Y:eCTBe nOMO-
 
HHKOB no Oopall\emno B Bepy npe,n;CTaBHTeJIel1 v1X KJIaCCOB, H OH pernHJI
Y'Y:pe.n;HTb He3aBHCHMyIO 0'1' .n;pyrl'IX LlepKBeM OpraHH3aHlO - 06eCTBO
xpHCTHaHCKoro B03po:m.n;eHHH BOCTO'Y:Horo JIoH,n;OHa, n03.JKe npe06pa30-
BaHHoe B XpHCTHaHCKYIO MHCCHIO BoCTO'lJHOrO JIoH.n;OHa.
MHOfJtle xpHCTHaHe, nOMOraBllIJ1e BYTaM, CTaJIH B03BpaIl'(aTbCH B CBOH
06mI'IHbI. HeKO'ropble B03pa:maJIH npoTI'lB CTOJIb BaJKHOM PO.,"IH YT.ieIDIH
o CBHTOCTH, HO 60JIbIIIHHCTBO 113 HHX npOCTO YCTaJIH OT nOCTOHHHbIX Ha-
CMeIlleK, COnpOBOJK,D:alOmI'IX HX c06paHHfl H npou:eCCHH Ha OTKpbITOM
B03.n;yxe, HJIH B03pamaJIH npOTJt1B ny6JIH'lJHoro nOKamnm. Ho MeCTO Tex,
KTO OTXO.n;HJI, .n;OBOJIbHO 6bICTpO 3aIDIMaJiH HOBoo6paeHHbIe. O,D;HOBpe-
MeHHO C nponOBe.n;HMH Y. BYTa B BOCTO'Y:HOM JIoH.n;OHe MHCCHC BYT opra-
HH30BbffiaJIa CJIY.JKObI nOBceMeCTHO. Ee nponOBe.n;H HaXO.n;HJIH OTKJII1K
Y npe.n;CTaBHTeJIeM 06pa30BaHHbIX COCJIOBl'H1:, H XOTH He Bce H3 m'1X npH-
XO,n,H31H B MHCCHlO, HO MHOrJt1X y.n;aJIOCb yoe.n;HTb, 'Y:TO omi HecYT OTBeTCT-
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BeHHOCTb 3a paCllIHpeHHe npOCBeTI1TeJIbCKOH paOOTbI H 3a Oopall\eHHe
B Bepy Macc 6e.n;HOTbI, a TaK:JKe ,n;OJI.JKHbI ocyrn;ecTBJIHTb H COlHaJIbHYIO
nOMOIW>. Pe3YJIbTaTOM CTaJIO yqpe:m.n;eHHe cpHJIHaJIOB MJ1CCl'U'I.
COLll1aJIbHOe CJIy:mem'Ie H3Ha'Y:aJIbHO 3aHHJIO B MHCCHH O,n;HO H3 nep-
BOCTeneHHbIX MeCT, 'Y:TO rrOTOM CTaJIO 'Y:epTOM, OTJIH'Y:aIOeM ApMHlO Cna-
ceHHH OT ,n;pyn1X xpHCTHaHCKHX ,n;BJ1JKeHHM. vI,n;eR COLlHaJIbHOro c.rry.JKe-
HHH co,n,epJKaJIaCb H B MeTO,lJ;JtI3Me, HO, nO:JKaJIyi1:, IDIKTO B MeTo,n;HCTCKoti
u:epKBI1 He OT.n;aBaJICH ei1: C TaKI1M Boo;J,YIlleBJIeHHe:M, KaK nOCJIe,n;OBaTeJIH
BYTa. JI03YHrOM ApMI1I1 Cnacemm CTaJIH CJIOBa nOCJIaHHH MaKoBa - «Be-
pa oe3 .n;eJI MepTBa». CJIy:ma JIIO,ZJ;HM, TeM CaMbIM CJIYJKJtlllIb Bory. .D:oKTpH-
Ha ApMHH CnaCeIDlR no Bonpocy CJIY.JKeHH.R HaXO,1JJlrCH B npOMe.JKYTo'Y:-
HOM nOJIOJKeHHH MeJK,lJ;y .n;BYM.R YTBepJK,lJ;eHHRMH: MbI cnaceHbI ,n;JI.R Toro,
'Y:TOObI CJIy.JKHTb Bory H JllOMM; MbI CJIYJKJtlM, 'Y:TOObI nOJIYT.fl'ITb cnaceHHe,
HO He B onpaB,n;aHHe ce6e. .D:eikTBYR B 3TJt1X pa)1KaX, Ml'ICCHH .n;a.JKe npH-
06peJIa no,n; a,n;M}IcTpaT1BHbrl1 LleHTp nl1TeMHoe 3aBe,n;eHHe BeCbMa
HH3KOI';'I perrYTaQl'IH - «BOCTO'Y:HaH 3Be3,n;a», a B 1870 ro,n,y nepeexaJIa
B HapO,D;Hbrn pbIHOK Ha YaJ';'IT'Y:eneJI. MHorJtIe .JKHTeJIH paJ1:0Ha, paHee
CO nOJIb30BaBiliHeCH ,ZJ;ypHOM penyraQl'leM, a Terrepb 06paTJt1BIIIHeCH, npe,n;-
..... CTaBJIHJIH c060ti OCHOBHYIO CHJIY MHCCm,1. IIoMHMo eJKe,D;HeBHbIX c06pa-

IDlt'I OKOJIO 3,n;aIDIH LleHTpa, OIDI KaIJ1: Be'Y:ep rnJIH Ha YJIl'ILlbI, Ha BCTpe-
'Y:Y TOJInaM 6e360mHJ1I\OB H yoeJK,D;aJIH HX OTBpaTHTbCH 0'1' rpexa. IIo HO-
'Y:aM meHlIm1bI XOro-1JU1 no nHBHbIM: 3aBe,n;emIHM' H yoem,n;aJIH Ille,n,lIDIX
Ty,n;a H,n;TH ,n;oMofi K ceMbe.
C OKTH6pH 1868 ro,n;a MMccHeM CTaJI H3.n;aBaTbCH mypHaJI «EBaHre-
JIHCT BocrotfHOrO JIoH.n;oHa». Ho y:me B TOM me ro.n;y cq)epa .n;eHTeJIbHOC-
TH paCllU1pJ1JIaCb. B XpHCTHaHCKyIO MHCCHIO BOllLJ1H MHCCHH B HopBy.n;e
H 3HHoypre. IKypHaJI nepeJ1MeHOBaJIH B «IKypHaJI XpHCTHaHCKOI';'[
I\UICCHH», a l\eTpJ1H BYT C03,n;aBaJia OT,n;eJIeHHH Be3,n;e, r.n;eTOJIbKO MOrJIa
IKHTeJIH ,n;pyn1X ropo,n;OB, 6y.n;YT.iH caMH 06paeHHbIMH B Bepy, opraHH-
30BblBaJIH nOCTOHHHble COOpaHJ1H H npOCHJIH Y. Byra npHCJIaTb PYKOBO-
.z:HTeJIeJ';'[' IIpOnOBe.n;HHKH HanpaBJIHJIHCb Ha MeCTa, a Bce clmJIJtfaJIbI MHC-
CHH ynpaBJIHJIHCh H3 JIOH,D;OHCKOti IllTa6-KBapTHphl. B 1875 ro,n;y
cl)HJIJ1aJIoB CTaJIO TaK MHoro, qTO Y. BYT He Mor HX Bee KOHTpOJIHpOBaTb
JIH'Y:HO. OH nepe,n;aJI .n;eJIa no onepaTHBHOMY ynpaBJIeHHIO MvICCHH ee ce-
KpeTapIO, OCTaBHB 3a C0601';'[ .n;eHTeJIbHOCTb, CBH3aHHYID C npHHHTHeM Ha-
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OCHOBaTeJIJ1 CTpeMJ'1JIHCb TOT.iHO H TaTeJIbHO OpraHJ130BaTb CBOH
YCHJIH.R. OHH BepHJIH B B03MOJKHOCTb CO'Y:eTaIDIH .n;eJIOBbIX H .n;yxOBHbIX
npHl'mOB. KaK rrHCaJIa ReTpJ1H Byr, «3'1'0 ,n;aeT B03MOmHOCTb .D:yxy
XpHCTa ,n;eMCTBOBaTb». CHatfaJIa opraHH3aW10HHyIO CTPYKTYPY 3aJ.-L1WCT-
BOBaJIH y Y3CJIHaHCTBa, JJ;JI.H 3Toro B 1870 ro,n;y 6bIJIa C03BaHa KOHcpepeH-
Lll'UI npe,n;cTaBHTeJIel';'[, H OHa rrpHHHJIa YCTaB, COrJIaCHO KOTOpOMY KOHq)e-
peHLlJ1H C'raJIa rJIaBHbIM opraHOM ynpaBJIeHHH. Ho ,n;OBOJIbHO CKOpO
Be.n;yrrHe qJJeHbI MHCCHH npHllLJ1H K Bbmo.n;y, 'Y:TO TaKaH opraHH3aLllmH-
HaH C'rpYKTYpa He rro.n;XOIT .n;JIH l'IX ,n;eHTeJIhHOCTH, H B 1877 ro,n;y Ha
emero.n;HoH KOHcpepeHW1H YCTaB 6bIJI OTMeHeH, a BO rJIaBe BCTaJI O)J;HH 'Y:e-
JIOBeK - Yl'lJIbHM Byr. Tor.n:a me Ha'Y:aJIaCb peOpraIDI3aLlJ-m MHCCJ1J1, CHa-
'Y:aJIa 6bIJI npe,n;JIo:meH TepMHH «,n;06pOBOJIbHaH ap:\1HH», HO, YT.iTH, l.JTO pa-
60THHKH MHCCHH 6blJIH cKopee «Ka.n;poBble», 'Y:eM ,n;06pOBOJIhHhle,
YHJIbfu'\1 Byr Ha3BaJI HOBoe ,n;BHmeHJ1e «ApMMH CnaceHHH». «BoeHHbll1:
KOHrpecc» B aBrycTe 1878 ro.n;a no,n,TBep.n:J131 H3MeHeHHe opraHH3awmH-
HOI';'[ CTPYKTypbI MHCCHH, OTMeHHJI YCTaB 1875 ro.n;a H npHHHJI HOBbIJ1:.
B HeM 6bIJIJ1 nOBTopeHbI Bce npe,n;bI,n;YllHe .n;OKTpJ1HbI, HO Tenepb feHe-
paJIbHblJ1: .D:J-lpeKTop (BCKope npOC-I'O feHepaJI) CTaJI e,n;J.-1HOJIH'Y:HbIM PYKO-
BOlHTeJIeM pa60T H e,n;HHOJIJ'I'Y:HbIM nOne'lJHTeJIeM COOCTBeHHOCTM. B Te'Y:e-
IDle nOCJIe.n;YIO1X OJIHmaMlIDIX JIeT nOCJIeOBaJIO BBe,n,eHHe CpOpMbI,
cp.rrara H cneW'IaJIbHbIX .n;yXOBHhIX 3BaHln1:, BHelllHe CXOJKl'[X C BOeHHbIMH,
r,n;e npoCTbIe npl'IXOJKaHe HBJIHJll1Cb COJI.n;aTaMJ'I, a CBHI..IJ;eHHHKM - ocl)Hu;epa - 0\
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3a pyrHM. TaKOM ycnex 06DHCHHJICH ee HTeM, 'Y:TO He aBaJIH yraCHyrb
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JIO nOMOraJIH H,n;eH 0 )J;BHmeHJiU'I K CBRTOCTH, 3aHMCTBOBaHHble y Y3CJIH.
B ):(BHmeHHe K COBeprneHCTBOBaHHIO 6bIJI BOBJIe'Y:eH KambIt'1 'Y:eJIOBeK
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HOB ApMHM CnacemIH, 'Y:TO 0'1' COJIaT ero )J;BHJKeHHH Tpe6yIOTCH 60JIee
CTporoe C06JIIO.n;eHHe .n;OKTpHH H MeTo.n;OB paooTbI, 'Y:eM r,n;e ObI TO HH 6bI-
JIO. II03TOMY Kam,lJ;bIM 6y,n;yu..J;JttH: COJI,n;aT ,n;OJIJKeH no,n;m'Ica Tb oOeaHHH:
1) HcnOBe.n;amIe cooCTBeHHoro OIIbITa cnaceHHH; 2) 06eaHHe OTpel.JbCH
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pa B B03MomHOCTb CBHTOt'I :JKJ13HH; 5) ooemaHHe nOJIHoro B03.n;epmaIDIH
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3HeprHIO H cpe.n;cTBa 60pboe 3a .n;yxoBHoe cnaceHHe, CBoe H .n;pyrl'IX. Ta-
KOI';'I CTpOfJtIM YCTaB, C OAHOM CTOpOHbI, OTTaJIKHBaJI MHorHX, HO 06eCnetfH-
BaJI He6bIBaJIYlo KOHCOJIH.n;aU;HIO, K roMY me MHorHe JIIOH, XOTH H He BXO-
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MHOrHe npocTO YT.iacTByIOT B COLlHaJIbHbIX aKLlHJIX 3Toro )J;BHJKeHHH, no-
TOMY 'Y:TO 3HalOT, 'Y:TO JIr060e nOJKepTBOBaHHe .n;OXOlfr o rOJIol1.Horo,
60JIbHOrO HJIH HYJK,IJ;alOmeroCH 'Y:eJIOBeKa.
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mH3IDI ApMI1I1 CnaceHHH, HO OHH npH06peJiH Top:meCTBeHHbII1 BH napa-
,n;a H HeH3MeHHO conpoBom,n;aJIHCb ,nyxOBbIMI1 opKecrpaMH, Koropble ceM-
'Y:ac I1l\'IelOT MI1pOBYIO H3BeCTHOCTb. 3'1'0 npHBJIeKaJIO ny6JIHKY Ha YJIHu;aX
HJIH BO BpeMH npa3)J;HI1KOB, H OHa OCTaBaJIaCb nOCJIyrnaTb npOnOBe)];b.
B 1891 ro,n;y C03aHO 06mecTBo 06eCneQeHH.R ApMHH CnaceHHH, OHO no
1972 ro 3aHHMaJIOCb npHBJIe'Y:eHHeM HOBbIX yqacTHHKoB )J;BHJKeHHH. Ero
oq)Hu;epbI H areHTbI 3a He,n;eJIlO noceuwlOT nopH,IJ;Ka 360 000 .n;OMOB no
BceMY CBeTY. B HaCTOHmee BpeMH 3'1'0 06meCTBO CJIHJIOCb C feHepaJIbHbIM
OomeCTBOM 06ecne'Y:eHl'IH H 06meCTBOM Y3CJIH.
C caoro Ha'Y:aJIa C'Y:HTaJIOCb O'Y:eHb Ba.mHbIM npOBo.z:HTb OOYT.ieHHe HO-
BooopaeHHbIX, a Ta:EOKe pa6OTHI1KOB. 31'0 ObIJIO O.n;HOI';'I H3 CTOpOH ,lJ;BH-
meIDIH K COBeprneHCTBOBaHHlO, K TOMY me tfeJIOBeK .n;OJI:meH nOJIYT.fHTb
KaK MOJKHO 60JIee no,n;p06Hoe 3HamIe 0 ,n;YXOBHOM YT.ieHJiU'I, K KOTOPOMY OH

OOpaTHJICH. Ii yme B KdJK,lJ;OM 3aJIe, npHHa.n;JIemaeM MHCCl'fi / l, )J;BaJK,l];bI
B He,n;eJIIO npOBO,lJ;JtIJIHCb COOpaHJ1H, nOCBHI.l\eHHbIe np06JIeMaM CBHTOCTH,
CJIYJKeHJ1H. J1x Ha3BaJIH «.D:HH C BOroM», CblH OCHOBaTeJIH, BpaM)'3JI Byr,
,n;06HJIC.R TOro, 'Y:TO OHH CTaJIJ1 nOCTO.RHHbL'\1 H MaCCOBbIM .HBJIeHHeM BO
MHorHX ropo,n;ax AHrJIHH. Yme 1880 ro.n;y 6bLJI C03,n;aH yqeoHbn1: LleHTp .n;JIH
30 :meHIW1H-Ka,n;eTOB, H BCKope OTKpbLJICH no,n;ooHbII1 H .n;JIH M)'mtfHH.
PYKOBO,n;CTBO ApMJ1H Cnacemm OBOJIbHO 6bICTpo OC03HaJIO, 'Y:TO
HYmHa 60JIee llIHpoKaH no,n;rOTOBKa. Yme B 1882 B LleHTpe JIoH.n;oHa 0'1'-
KpbIJICH eHTp nO)J;fOTOBKH C OOI.l\eJKHTHeM, paccqJ/ITaHHbINI Ha 400 'Y:eJIO-
Bel\. JII-Illlb B 1929 ro,n;y 6bLJI OTKpbIT HOBbIJ1 IJ:eHTp no,n;roToBKJ1I-IM. Y. By-
Ta. 06yqeHJ1e 6bLJIO 6eCnJIaTHbIM: H He 3aBHCeJIO 0'1' HaLlHOHaJIbHOCTH
1-1 KJIaCCOBOI';'1 npHHa,n;JIeJKHOCTH. vI npH 3TOM oOYT.ieHJ1e conpoBomaJIOCb
J.1 npaKTH'Y:ecKoti pa6oTof.i, B KOTOpOM 6y.n.YI.l\He OcpJ1LlepbI nOJIYT.iaJIH He-
oOXO,n,HMbIe HaBbIKH. B YT.ieoHoi:1 paooTe Bcer.n;a C'ra paJIHCb pa3BHTb .n;yx
caMono:mepTBoBa:ID1.R J1 npHHW1n «Ky.n;a yro.n;Ho BO HMH I1Hcyca». IIO'Y:TH
90c;f H3 nepBbIx Ka,n;eTOB CTa.ml .n;06poBoJIbLlaMH )];JIH «HHocTpaHHOI';'1
CJIY)KObI». Ho 3THM He orpaHH'Y:HBaJIOCb, cpa3Y :me BCJIe,n; 3a YT.ieOHbIM
eHTpOM ObLJIH C03,n;aHbI JIeTY'Y:.He 3CKa,n;pOHbI H3 meHI.l\JtIH-Ka.n;eTOB, ny-
TerneCTBYIOIlHX no CTpaHe Ha oMHH6ycax HJIH B yproHax. A BCJIe 3a
3THM nOCJIe,n;OBa.ml rpynnbI fBap.n;HH mH3HH, COCTOHIe H3 Mym'Y:J1H-Ka-
,n;eTOB, nyrernecTBYIOI.l\HX nernKOM, H KaBaJIepHMCKHe CPOPTbI-cl)yproHbI,
B KOTOpbIX Ka,n;eTbI mHJIH, npoBo,n;H paooTY no cnaceHlllO ,n;yr.u B OT.n;aJIeH-
HbIX MeCTax. CpOKH oOYT.ieHl/IH YBeJIHtfHBaJIHCb, H CHCTeMa cOBeprneHcT-
BOBaJIaCb co BpeMeHeM.
B 1950 rol1.Y OHa CJIo:mHJIaCb H npHMepHO B TOM me BH.n;e CYI.l\eCTBYeT
H ceH'Y:ac. B TOM JKe ro.n;y B ApMJ1H CnaCeHJ1H C03.n;a.ml «Meml1.YHa P()-
HbIti KOJIJIe.n;:m KOMaH.n;Horo COCTaBa». 1.lTOObI CTaTb ocpH:LlepOM, Ka.n;eTbI
npoxo,n;HT OOYT.ieHHe B Te'Y:eHHe ,n,BYX JIeT H no OKOHY:aHHH nOJIYT.falOT 3Ba-
mle JIeMTeHaHTa. .D:aJIee B03MOJKHO npo.n;BHmeHJ1e, )];JIH nOJIY'Y:eHHH 3Ba-
HH.R KaID/ITaHa. JIel';'ITeHaHTbl npOCJIYllll1BalOT emerO.n;HbIe ceMHHapbI no
H3Y'Y:eHHIO BHOJIHH, peJIHrHOBe.n;eHHH, npaBa, HCTOpHH U;epKBH H HCTO-
pHH caMoi:i ApMHH CnaCeHH.H. IIOTOM c.n;aeTCH aTTeCTaLlHH. IIocJIe 15 JIeT
 
CJIy:mObI B 3BaHl / IH KanHTaHa npHcBaHBaeTC.R o'Y:epe,D;Hoe 3BaHHe - MaH-
op. .D:aJIbHel';'IllIee npO,ll,BH:meHHe no cJIymoe 3aBHCl'IT OT 3ac.nyr H COCTOH-
ml.R 3.n;OpOBbH. .D:JIH OTCTaBKH C aKTHBHoro CJIy:meHHH oroBopeH B03pacr
65 JIeT.
O.n;HOM H3 OTJIHT.J:J1TeJIbHbIX tfepT ApMJ1J1 CnaCeHJ1H HBJIHeTCH TO, 'Y:TO
JKeHIHbI H3Ha 'Y:aJIbHO 06JIa.n;aJIH B 3'1'01';'1 LlepKBH paBHbIMH C MY:JKT.J:HHaMH
npaBaMl'L Eo MHOroM 3TO 6bIJIO CBH3aHO C pOJIblO KeTpHH Byr B opraHH- ....
3aHH ApMHH Cnacem1.R. TaKoe nOJIOmeHHe ObLJIO 3aKpeIIJIeHO eI.l\e N

N
N
B nepBOM YCTaBe XpHCTHaHCKOfi MHCCHH 1870 ro,n;a. Ha HaqaJIbHOM rrepH-
o,n;e pa60TbI :meHl.W'1HbI 3aHJ'1MaJIH Ba)K}-IOe MeCTO, omI npHIDIMaJIH YT.iac-
THe B ny6JIJflIHbIX BblcTynJIeHHJIX. 11 CKOpO CTaJIO HCHO, 'Y:TO JKeHbI
HMeJIJ1 OCOOeHHbII1 ycnex, Kor,n;a HaMO 6bLrro 3aBoeBaTb BHJ1:\1aIDIe H CJ.-L'\1-
nanoo rnyMHOM ay,n;HTopHH. no Mepe pa3BHTHH ,n;BHmeHHH OHJ1 3aHHMa-
JIH PYKOBOMllHe nOCTbL BOJIee Toro, 3a BCI{) HCTOpl'lIO ApMHH CrraceIDIH
,n;Bamm>I BbICll.IJIll1: nOCT - feHepaJIa - 3aHHMaJIH )KeHI.LlJ1HbI. 3To 6bIJIH
EBaHfeJIHHa BYT (1934-1939) H EBa BappoY3 (1986-1993).
JtIHTepecHo, 'Y:TO B CTpeMJIeIDl.HX K paBmmpaBHlo ApMHJI CnaceIDIH
cYMeJIa H36e:acaTb Kpai1HoCTel';"[, nOMOrJIO B 3TOM H3Ha'Y:aJIbHO BamHaH
pOJIb, OTBo,n;HMaJI ceMbe. qeJIOBeK He MomeT 3aHHTb PYKOBO,n;.HIl{HM nOCT,
eCJIH ero ceMbH He COrJIaCHa. CeMel';"1HbIe :u;eHHOCTH Bcer,n;a CTaBHJH1Cb BbI-
COKO, H B 1907 ro.n;y MHCCHC BpaMY3JI BYT OCHOBaJIa «.D:oMalllHIOIo JIHry» -
aCCOLlHaLll1IO meHIl{Itffi, B KOTOPYIO BXO.n;HJIH He TOJIbKO YT.iaCTHHL(bI Ap-
MHH CnaceHJ1.H. eHbI JIHrH npOBo,n;HT emeHe.n;eJIbHbIe c06paHHH, LleJIblO
KOTOpbIX HBJIHeTCH oow.eHHe, H3YT.ieHHe BH6JIHH H COBeprneHCTBOBaHHe
HaBbll\OB ,n;OMOBo,n;CTBa. 3'1'0 ,n;BHmeHHe pacnpOCTpaHeHO BO BceM MHpe,
ceti'Y:ac B HeM YT.iaCTBYIOT oOJIee 100 TbIC. 'Y:eJIOBeK.
Mem,n;YHapo.n;HaH MHCCH.H ApMHH CnaceHHH .n;OCTaTO'Y:HO aKTHBHa
,., v
B Cl'lJIY Toro, 'Y:TO 3'1'0 .n;BH:meHHe C caMoro Ha'Y:aJIa CTaBHJIO nepe,n; COOOH
QeJIb nOMoraTb JIlO,n;.HM pa3HbIX HaQHOHaJIbHOcTei1: H KYJIbTYP, H,n;TI1 B Te
CTpaHbI, r,n;e eCTb Hym,n;alOI.l\HeCH B nOMOI.l\J1. IIepBoe HanpaBJIeHHe,
B KOTOpOM pacnpOCTpaHl'lJIaCb .n;eHTeJIbHOCTb ApMHH CnaceHHH, - 3'1'0
CeBepHaH AMepHKa. B 1879 ro,n;y cnaceHQbI AMoc H 3HHH ITh1pJIH 3MH-
rpHpOBaJIH B AMepHKY H Ha'Y:aJIH npoBo,n;HTb c06paHH.H MHCCHH B 3a6po-
rneHHOM CTOJIHpHOi1: MacTepcKOI';"[ B <l>HJIa,n;eJIbCpJ1J1. qepe3 ro,n;, no HX
npocb6e, OCHOBaTeJIb KOMaH.n;J1pOBaJI K HJ1M KOMHccapa ,[(mop,n;ma CKoTa
PetbITOHa C rpyrmoti meHliU'1H. CnyCTH 6 JIeT, B 1886 ro,n;y, Kor,n;a Y. Byr
HaHec nepBbH1: BH3HT B CIlIA, TaM y:me cYI.l\ec l'BOBaJIO 238 oT,n,eJIeID[M,
B KOTOpbIX pa60TaJIH 569 ocpH:u;epoB, no npeHM:YI.l\eCTBY aMepHKaHLleB.
C 3Toro MOMeHTa pa3BepHYJIaCb aKTHBHaH MHccHOHepCKaJI ,n;eHTeJIb-
HOCTb. B 1882 ro.n;y c}:>.rrar ApMHH CnaCeHH.H pa3BepHYJICH B KaHa.n.e,
B 1886-M - Ha BepMy,n;ax. B KapHOCKOM 6accei1He pa60Ta Ha'Y:aJIaCb
C .HMal';"IKH B 1887 ro.n;y H pacnpoCTpaHHJIaCb Ha Bap6a,n;oc (1898), TpJ1HH-
.n.a,n; (1901), AHTHrya (1903) H Ky6y (1918). PacnpocTpaHHJIaCb ApMHH
CnaCeHH.H H B EBpone, ABCTpaJIHH, ApJ1Ke H T.,n;. Cet'flIac ee MHCCHH
npHcyrcTBYIOT B 105 cTpaHax MHpa.
fJIaBHOJ1: QeJIbIO YCHJIHM ApMHH CnaceHHH CTaJIO 06paI.l\eHHe B Bepy
H 06I.l\eCTBeHHo nOJIe3HaH ,n;e.HTeJIbHOCTb. KaK m[caJi .n;OKTOp JIa:t'ITcpyr,
enHCKon ,D;apeMcKHI';"[: «... KaKOBbI 6bI HH 6bIJIH oll.IJl16KH ApMHH CnaceHJ1.H,

OHa, no Kpai1Heti Mepe, B03poH.rra B HarneJ1: naMHTH TOT H.n;eaJI pa60TbI
IJ:epKBH, KOTOpbli;j: 6bLJI YTepHH...» ApMHH Cnacemm ,n;06HJIaCb llIHpOKOM
H3BeCTHOCTH B ccpepe COLlHaJIbHoro CJIy:meHJ.1H, o.n;HaKO )];JIH opraHH3a-
W1H, KOTOpa.H HMeeT CBOH Kopnyca no BceMY MHPY, ee HeJIb3H Ha3BaTb
MHorO'Y:HCJIeHHOM. 3'1'0 ,n;Bl'1JKeHHe CKopee npooYJK,lJ;aeT HHTepec K XpHC-
THaHCTBY, nOKa3bIBaeT, 'Y:TO MomeT c,n;eJIaTb xpHCTHaHl'1H .n;JIH 06mecTBa,
,.., .... u.... ....
a C03,n;aHHe COOCTBeHHOH CTporOH qepKOBHoH CTPYKTypbl C MaCCOH Bepy-
IOIX H1'1KOr,n;a He 6bLJIO QeJIblO ApMHH CnaceHJ1H.
MHCCHSI B POCCHH:
OT nOSIBnEHHSI .QO B03PO>K.QEHHSI
.D:eHTeJIbHOCTb ApMHH CnaCeHH.H B POCCHH CTaJIa BnOJIHe JIorH'Y:HbIM
npo,n;OJIJKeHHeM ee MHCCHOHepcKoro H COW'IaJIbHOro c.rrymeHJ.m B EBpone.
POCCHH:CKaH HCTOpHH ApMIDI no,n;pa3,n;eJIHeTCH Ha HeCKOJIbKO :nanOB -
nOHBJIeHHe B KOHQe XIX BeKa H CTaHOBJIeHHe B Ha'Y:aJIe XX BeKa, 3a.TeM
nepHo.n; rOHeHHi1 H npaKTH'Y:ecKH nOJIHOrO ym1'Y:TmH:eHH.H B cepeHHe -
Koe 1920-x ro,n;OB. IIoCJIe,D;HHH: 3Tan - 3'1'0 B03pOJK,lJ;eHHe ApMHH Cnace-
ml.H B 1990-e ro,n;bI C HYJIH.
Ha TeppHTopm'l POCCHHCKOti HMnepIDf ApMHH CnaceHHH nOHBH31aCb
yme B 1880-e ro,n;bl B CPl1HJI.HH)J;HH. B 1891 ro.n;y cl>J1HJIRHCKHI';1 cet'IM 0'1'-
KJIOHHeT xo.n;aTal';lcTBO ApMHH CnaceHJ'1.H 0 penlCTpaLlHH. Cnacea 3a-
npeTHJIH npoBo,n;l1Tb c06paHHH, HOCHTb cpoPMY H 3HaKH OTJIJ-f't.fit1H. IIoC're-
... ,..
neHHO, o.n;HaKO, orpaHH't.IeHH.H ObIJIH CHHTbI oJIaro.n;apH TOMY, 'Y:TO
BCTynaIOmeMY B ApMHIO CnaceHHH pa3pernaeTCH He OTKa3bIBaTbCH OT
cBoero BepmICnOBe,n;aHHH, npHHa,n,JIe)KHOCTJtl K TOJ1: HJIH HHOJ1: qepKBH, ec-
JIH OH npJ1HHMaeT OCHOBHbIe nOJIOJKeHHH YT.ieHHH ApMHH Cnacem1.H.
B 1909 ro,n;y CTOJIHLl)' POCCHI';ICKOH: HMnepHH nOCeTHJI 80-JIeTHHM reHe-
paJI YHJIbHM EYT. Ha ny6JIH'Y:HOM BbIcTyrIJIeHHH B neTepoyprcKoM ,n;OMe
Ca6yposa, r.n;e c06paJICH QBeT PYCCKOH apHcToKpaTHH, IIp03BYT.iaJIo:
«POCCHH 60JIbrne He MOJH:eT OCTaBaTbCJI BHe paMOK .n;eHTeJIbHOCTH ApI\Hm
CnaCeHHJI». Xy.n;mKHHK BepemafJtm H a)J;.1WHpaJI MaKapoB oxapaKTepH30-
BaJIH ApMHIO CnaceHHH KaK 'Y:pe3BbI'Y:aHHO aKTHBHyIO, «6paTCKYIO Qep- r-r\
KOBb», H BbICKa3aJIH MHeHl'Ie, qTO, npH,n;.H B POCCHIO, OHa 6y,neT paCllIH- N

4-
N
pHTb CBOe BJUmHHe C TOM me CKOpOCTblO, C KOTOpO:f't rro:map pacrrpocTpa-
HHeTCR B BbI:>KJKeHHOi COJIeM CTenH.
B 1911 ro,zor Ha TeppX-ITOpHJ1 <PHHJI.HH.n;J1I1 ceCTBOBaJI 61 KOpnyC
H HaCl.JHTbIBaJIOCb 4185 nOCJIe,n;oBaTe..1eM pa3HbIX 't.flt1HOB. CnaceHLlbI npo-
nOBe,n;OBaJIH EBaHreJIHe, nOMoraJIH 6e,n;HbIM. Jt1M npHHa,n;JIe:>KaJIO 56JIaro-
TBOpJ1TeJIbHbIX opraID13aLlIDi H 13 BpeMeHHbIX rrpJ1IOTOB .n;.n:R HY:JK.n;alO-
1XCR. MecTHbIe BJIaCTJ-l OTHOCHJIHCb K ApMHM CnaceIDffi Ol.JeHb TepnHMo
TaK, KaK OHa He BMelillmaJIaCb B nOJIJ1THKY J1 He npOTJ.-mOrrOCTaBJUlJIa ce6H
Tpa,D;HLlI10HHbIM LlepKBHM. B TOM me ro,zor Ha'Y:aJIOCb ee rrpOHJ'IKHOBeHJ1e Ha
poccJ.ulcKYIO 3eMJIIO. B «EHpJKeBbIX Be,n;OMOCTRX» 1911 ro,n;a npl1BeTCTBY-
eTCR «War Cry» - KJH1'Y:, 30Bymt.1i1: Ha 60pb6y C COLlHaJIbHbIM 3JIOM.
B 1913 ro,n;y oclmLlepaMH J13 lilBeLlI'IH H <Pl'1HJIHH,[HH no,n; pyKOBO.n;CT-
BOM rrOJIKOBIDlKa KapJIa JIapccoHa 6bIJIH OpraHJ130BaHbI nepBbIe Kopnyca
MHCCI10HepOB B CaHKT-IIeTep6ypre, 3aTeM OT,n;eJIeHI1R nORBJ1JIHCb
B MocKBe, OpJIe, JIyre. B MocKBe OTKpbITHe npoxo,n;HJIo B 3,n;aHJ1J1 IIoJIH-
TeXHH'Y:eCKoro MY3eR. B 1914 ro,zor npollIJlO nepBoe YJIH'Y:Hoe rneCTBHe,
H C 3TOro MOMeHTa OHH CTaJIJ1 nOCTORHHbIMJL
C 1913 ro.n;a J13,n;aBaJICR mypHaJi «BeCTHHK CnaceHI1R». B HeM ny6Jll1-
KOBaJIJ1Cb MaTepJ1aJIbl Ha eBaHreJIbCKHe TeMbI, I1HcpopMaLlI1H 0 6JIarOTBO-
pJ1TeJIbHot'111 npOCBeTHTeJIbCKot'1 .n;eHTeJIbHOCTJ1, f()BOpI1JIOCb 0 Bpe.n;e aJI-
KOrOJIR J1 Ta6aKa ,D;JIR 3.n;OpOBbR. Pe,n;aKl.\HR «BeCTHJ1Ka CnaceHHR»
B CaHKT-IIeTep6ypre CTaJia H lllTa6 - KBapTl1poJ1: ApMJ111 CnaceHJ.ffi.
Cpe.n;CTBa Ha ero H3,n;aHHe rrocTyrraJiH 0'1' q)HHJIRH,D;CKOro 3eMJIeBJIa,n;eJIb-
l.\a, CO'Y:YBCTBYIomero .lJ.]3HJKeHHlO. Hal.JaJIbHbII1 Tl1pam B 6 TbIC. 3K3eMIIJIR-
pOB 6bIJI B CKOpOM BpeMeml .n;OBe.n;eH .n;o 20 TbIC.
YJKe B aBrycTe 1914 ro,n;a lilBeLlI110 H <PHHJIRH,D;HlO HaBO)J;HHJI rrOTOK
PYCCKHX 6emeeB J13 fepMaHHH. B CTOKrOJIbMe B OnepaTJ1BHOM nopR,n;-
Ke 6bIJI C03,n;aH KOMHTeT rrOMO PYCCKHM 6eJKeHLlaM C Y'llaCTJ1eM ApMJtIH
CnaceHHH, KoropaH npe.n;ocTaBHJIa )];JIH HO'L{JIera CBOI1 nOMeI.l\eHHR B ropo-
,n;ax, Ky,n;a npe6bmaJiH TOBapHbIe COCTaBbI C ,n;eTbMJtl, meHll.'(J1HaMH, CTapJ1-
KaMH. EJIaro,n;a pR mepTBeHHOJ1: rrOMOIl.H crraceHLleB B Te'Y:eHHe OCeHI1 -
311MbI 1914-1915 ro,n:OB TbICR'Y:H JIlo.n;eM CMor JIH BepHyrbcR .n;OMOM. TOJIb-
KO 'Y:epe3 CTOKrOJIbM rrpollIJlo 60JIee 10 TbIC. 6eJKeHLleB. B 1914 ro,zor B IIe-
Tporpa,n;e HallIJIH rrpHCTaHHI.I.J;e MHorJ1e 6eJKeHLlbI, Cpe,D;H KOTOpbIX 6blJIH
OTCTaBllll1e .n;eTH H .n;eTI1-CHpOTbI. ApMJ1H CnaceIDIR oTKpbIBaeT B ropo.n;e
H oKpecTHocTRX npHlOTbI,n;JIR 6e3l1.0MHbIX, JIeTHHe JIarepR H KOJIOHHH .n;JIH
CJ1pOT. Pa3,n;aeT H OeCnJIaTHbIe 06e)J;bI, H npO.n;OBOJIbCTBeHHbIe rraJ1:KJ1,
H o,n;em,zor (B Te'Y:em'le ro.n;a HX nOJlYT.fHJIo CBbIllle 30 TbIC. 'Y:eJIOBeK).
Pa6OTa, KOTOPYIO BeIDI CrraCel-lLlbI cpe.n;H KopeHHoro HaCeJIeIDIH IIeT-
porpa.n;a, 3aKJIIOl.JaJ1aCb B nOCeI.l\eIDIH 6e.n;HbIX Ha .n;Ol\'ty, yxo.n;e 3a 60JIbHbI-

 
MH H HeMOl..WibIMH, rrpH3pemHO ,n;eTeH, 'Y:bH MaTepH paOOTCUOT, BbillOJIHe-
HHH pa3HOrO po.n;a .n;OMalllliHX ,n;eJI, OpraHH3aLlI1H npaKTHl.JeClnIX KJIaCCOB
KpoMKH H Iill1TbH )];JI.H Hy:mJJ;aIOllHXC.H .iKeHllm. IIOCTeneHHO ApMH.H 3a-
BOeBaJia ,n;OBepHe 11 CHMnaTHIO HaCe..1eHH.H, 0 l.JeM CBH,n;eTeJIbCTBYIOT pery-
JIHpHbIe nOJKepTBOBaHJ1.H OT fOpO.n;CKOti .n;yMbI, POCCHt'ICKHX 6JIaroTBopH-
TeJIbHbIX cpOH.n;OB H ,n;pyrHX OpraHH3aLlIDi, 'Y:aCTHbIX IDILl.
<PeBpaJIbCKa.H peBOJIIOLlHH 191 7 ro.n;a nOJIHOCTblO JIeraJIH3HpOBaJIa
ApMHlO CnaCeHH.H, B03HJ1KJIH nJIaHbI pacnpocTpaHeHJ1.H ,n;eHTeJIbHOCTH Ha
lOr HMrrepHH, cTpmlTeJIbCTBa Y'llHJIHma )];JIH Ka,n;eTOB. O,D;HaKO C npHXo,n;oM
cOBeTCKofi BJIaCTH Ha l.JaJIJ1Cb roHeIDl.H, HO .ZJ;aJKe no.n; yrp030M 3aKpbITH.H
ApMH.H CnaCeHJ1H npOBO,D;J1JIa cOQVtaJIbHYID pa6OTY.
Bo BpeMH roJIo,n;a B lIoBoJI»Cbe, B OpJIOBCKOM J1 BOJIOro.n;cKo:ti 06JIaCT.HX
6bIJil'I C03,n;aHbI .n;eTClnle .n;OMa A PMJ'li'I CnaceHlm, B KOTopbIe OTnpaBJIHJil'I
.n;eTe:ti H3 roJIo,n;aBIlll1X 06JIaCTeti. Ho YJKe B KOHLle 1918 ro.n;a HapO,D;HbII1
KOMHccap EOH'Y:-EpyeBl'1T.i B nHCbMe K nOJIKOBIDIKY JIapccoHY 3a.HBJI.HeT:
«EecrrpH30pm'IKJ1 Hac He HHTepecylOT». .D:eTcKHe .n;OMa AprvnHI Crracem,I.H
3aKpbIBaIUrCH, mvIYIl.'(eCTBO KOHq)HCKYeTC.H. B TOM JKe ro.n;y llIBe.n;cKHI1:
KOHCYJI peKoMeH,n;oBaJI BceM HHocTpaHHbIM nOMaHHbIM B03BpamaTbC.H
Ha po.n;HHY, TaK KaK nOCOJIbCTBa H KOHcYJIbCTBa 3aKpbIBaJIHCb. Jt1HOCT-
pabI ye3:JKaJIH, yexaJI H nOJIKOBHJ'IK JIapccoH, HO HeKOTOpbIe Bce JKe oc-
TaJIHCb, 3Ha.H, l.JTO Tenepb OHH Jil'IllleHbI BCHKOM 3allHTbI.
B 1922 ro.n;y 6bIJIH pa3rpOMJIeHbI 11 one'Y:aTaHbI nOMeIl.'(eHHH ApMlm
Cnacemm B MocKBe H IIeTporpa,n;e, 10 'Y:eJIOBeK ObIJIH apecToBaHbI,
,IJ,JI.H HeKoTopbIX H3 HHX 3aK..1l0l.JeHHe npoOJI:JKaJIOCb Be He.n;eJIH, a .n;JIH
OCTaJIbHbIX - TPH ro.n;a. B 1923 rol1.Y .n;eHTeJIbHOCTb ApMHH Crracem'IH 6bI-
JIa oq)HLlHaJIbHO rrpeKpaIl.'(eHa C cpOPMYIDlpOBKoti «ceKTY JIHKBJ1,D;J1pOBaTb
KaK aHTHCOBeTCKyIO opraHH3aLlI11O)}. 81'0 perneID1e 6bIJIO rrpHH.HTO B xo.n;e
3aCe,n:aHHH KOMHCCHH rro IIpoBe.n;emll0 OT,n;eJIemI.H uepKBJ1 OT rocy.n;apcT-
sa npH:UK PKII, KOTopoe COCTO.HJ10Cb 27 q:>eBpaJIH 1923 ro.n;a (npoTOKOJI
NQ 14). Pernem'Ie 6bIJIO no.n;rmcaHO npe,n;ce,n;aTeJIeM KOMHCCHH EMeJIb.H-
HOM flpOCJIaBCKJ'IM H ceKpeTapeM KOMHCCHH EBremleM 'Ty'llKOBbIM.
lIo CBJ1,lXeTeJIbC1'BY B.M. 4>ypceHKo, O.II,HOrO J13 PYCCKHX cnaCeHl'(eB
npH3bma 1918 rOl1.a, l1.0JK.n;aBlileroC.H B03BpaIl.'(eHH.H CBOeJ1: ApMHJ1 cnycT.H
70 JIeT, «Hac, Tor.n;allIHHX apMeeB, cero.n;IDI npaKTJ1'Y:eCKJ'I He OCTaJIOCb.
lIO'Y:TH Bce norH6JIH B JIarep.Hx, crHHYJIH B TlopbMax». 3TI1 JlIO,D;J1, BepHbIe
IIpHHI..J;HnaM CJIYJKeHl1H 6.m1:JKHeMY, pacnpoCTpaH.HJIH Y'lleHJ1e XpHCTa,
lI(>MoraJiH rrOJIHT38.KJIIO'Y:eHHbIM. B MOCKBe C 1934 no 1938 ro,n; ,n;eJ1:CTBOBa-
JIa rpyrrna ApMJ1H CnaceHJ'I.H B 300 'Y:eJIOBeK. B KOHI.I;e 30-x - Ha'Y:aJIe 40-x
ro,n;OB PYCCKa.H ApMJ-IH 6bIJIa npaKTJtfLIecKH HCTpe6JIeHa. IIocJIe.n;HJ1e COJI- l.t\
,n;aTbI, 6porneHHbIe B 3aCTeHKH JIy6.HHKJ1 H EYTbIPKH no 06Bl'1HeHl'uo: N

«OpraHH3aLlI1R ApNIHH CnaCeIDIH C LleJiblO CBepmemm COBeTCKOM BJIaCTJ1»,
nponOBe.n;osaJD1 EsaHfeJIHe Cpe)J;l1 3aKJIlOl.JeHHbIX, TeM CaMbIM nO.n;TBePJK-
,n;aH CJIOBa reHepaJIa BYTa: «):{yx Ap1lfHH Cnacemm COCT0l1T B TOM, 'Y:TO I1C-
THHHblti CnaCeHel..\ CKOpee romB YMepeTb, HemeJil'l )KHTh )J)IR caMoro ceOR» 1,
B03BpalLleHHe ApMJ1H Cnacem1R B POCCHIO Ha't.IaJIOCb TaK )Ke, KaK
H B KOHLle XIX BeKe, 'Y:epe3 4>J-1HJIRH.n;JtIlO H IliBeLll / llO, B 1991 ro OpraHJ1-
3yeTcH IIeTep6yprcKoe OT.n;eJIeHHe ApMJ1H CnaceHHR, a B 1992 ro.n;y Moc-
KOBCKoe. CHa'Y:aJIa B MocKBe HaC'Y:HTbmaJIOCb 12 ocpl1LlepOB-HHocTpaHLleB
H 350 COJI)J;aT (rpa:JK.n;aH POCCHJ1). PYKOBO.n;CTBO ApMJtIH CnaceIDIH nOCTa-
BHJIO nepe,n; c060H e31b C03.n;aTb jf013HeCnoc06Hble OpraHH3aLlHI1 B 6oJIb-
rnHHCTBe perJ10HoB POCCHH, KOTopble B03rJIaBJIHJIH 6bl poCCJtll1:CKJ1e rpa)K-
.n;aHe. POCCJ1R BOllIJla B pa3BeTBJIeHHYlo MeJK,n;YlIapO.n;HYH) cTpYInypy
ApMJ/li'I CnaCeHI1R.
ApMJtIH CnaCeHJ1R: HBJIHeTCH CTpOro LleHTpaJIH30BaHHoM OpmID13aLlJ1-
ei1, OCHOBaHHoti Ha npHHLlIlllaX J1epapxH'Y:ecKoro COnO.n;l.JJ1HeHJ1R. feHepaJI
RBJIReTCH e.n;J-1HOJIH'Y:HbIM ynpaBJI.HIOIl.HM ApMJH1 Cnacem1H. Ero H36Hpa-
eT BbICIID1i1 COBeT, KOTOpbIJ1: cooHpaeTcR I1CI\J11O'Y:HTeJIbHO no 3TOMY nOBO-
,n;y, B Hero BXO,n;RT Bce KOMJ1CCapbI 11 KOMaHIOllHe TeppHTOpHHMH -
nOJIKOBHJ-IKH. Renocpe.n;CTBeHHO reHepa.ny no,n;Q}ffiRIOTCH KOMaH.n;yIOe
TeppHTOpHRMJtl - nOJIKOBHl'IKH, ocyr.u;eCTBJIHIOLlHe ynpaBJIeIDIR Ha Mec-
Tax. I1HTepecHO, l.JTO, HeCMOTpR Ha )KeCTKyIO opraHH3aLlJ.tiO, B YCTaBe He
cpJ-IKCHpOBaH CpOK, Ha KOTOpbII1 J136HpaeTCR feHepaJI, Ka)K)J;brii pa3 BbIC-
rnHM COBeT ero orOBapJt1BaeT. Ocl:mcoM reHepaJia H BceOOlLlHM a,n;MJt1HI1CT-
paTJ.-mHbIM eHTpOM RBJIHeTCR feHepaJIbHbll1: lllTa6 B JIOH.n;OHE' (a,n;pec:
101 Queen Victoria Street, London, England, EC4P 4EP).
POCCHR BXO.n;J1T B KOMaH,n;OBaHHe BoCTOl.JHOH EBpOIIbI. C Hal.JaJIa
1990- x ro,n;OB POCCHR, cTpaHbI CRf H PYMbIHHR COCTaBJIHJIJ1 O.n;HY Tep-
pJ1TOpHIO, KOTOpOJ1: ynpaBJIJIJI n031KOBHJ1K ReHHeT Bel1:JIJ1, a POCCHH 6bI-
JIa pa3.n;eJIeHa Ha 3 pen10Ha - CeBep, lOr H UeHTp. C HIOJIR 2003 ro.n;a
B paMKax KOMaH,n;OBaHHR BOCTO'llHOJ1: EBpOIIbI (Bcero BXO,n;J1T 58 KOpny-
COB H 89 HaLlJ10HaJIbHbIX OCpHl..\epoB) ObIJIH BbI)J;eJIeHbI OT.n;eJIbHbIe ,n;J1BH-
3BH - «POCCl'IH» H )J;HBH3HH «YKpaJ1Ha, MOMaBHR, PYMbIHHR», a TaKiKe
perJ10H «fpY3HR».
IIpJ1 HeMHOrOtfHCJIeHHOCTJ1 KOpnyCOB ApMJtlH CnaCeHl'IH H aKTJt1BHbIX
'Y:JIeHOB 3TOro ,n;BH:JKeHHH pa3Max COLll / laJIbHOM pa60TbI nopa:maeT Bo06pa-
)KeIDle. TOJIbKO Ha POCClllO J1 ,n;pyrHe cTpaHbI CRr B 1996-1997 ro,n;ax ObI-
JIO H3pacxo.n;oBaHo 3 MJIH 500 TbIC. .n;OJIJIapoB. I1CTOl.JHHKH pa3Ho06pa3HbI.
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1 CM.: OnbMaH CBernaHa. ApMSI CnaceHSI: OTKpblTlo1e «PYCCKOH Tepplo'ITOplo1W> II AaecT )l()'P-
HaJ1a «BeCTHIo1K 6naroTBopIo1TenbHocTw" 1999. N!! 1(37).

B nepBYIO O'Y:epe,n;b, Cpe,n;CTBa CaMOJ1: ApMJtIH CnaCeHJ'1.H (,n;eHbfJtl rrpl/1XO-
JKaH: TaK Ha3bIBaeMaR .n;eCRTHHa - .n;eCRTaR qaCTb rrpl10bIJIH - O'r.n;aeTCR
LlepKBH; ,n;m1 CaMOOTpe't.lem1R, 06eT 6e,n;HOCTJ1, .z:orXOBHOe 3aBelLlaHHe
H T.,n;.). 3aTeM qaCTHbIe nOmepTBOBaHI1R 0'1' COqYBCTBY10lLlJ'IX, «.n;OHOp-
CKl1e» BJIO.iKeHHH (T.e. ,n;eHbrH, BbI)J;e..1ReMbIe 't.IaCTHbIMJ1 JIJ1LlaMJ1, OpraHJ1-
3aLll'IHMH Ha pa3BHTJtle TOM J1JIH J1HOJ1: npOrpaMMbI), nOMOI..Llb 6aHKOB, Mem-
AYHa po.n;HbIX 6JIarOTBOpHTeJIbHbIX cpOH.n;OB J1 T.,n;.
CO BpeMeHH cBoero 06pa30Bam1H A pMJ1H Tpa)J;l11HoHHO npOBOHJIa
 
«.n;eHb caMooTpe'Y:eHHH», B KOTOpbll'l Y'llacTHJt1KH ee OTKa3bIBaJIH ceoe
B 'Y:eM-TO npHHTHOM, HO He06R3aTeJIbHOM (HanpI1Mep, cm.n;ocTRx, KeKcax
11 npo't.ll'IX raCTpOHOMvflIecKHX 113JIJ1llIeCTBax). A C3KOHOMJIeHHble .n;eHbrH
rnJIH B «o6rn KOTeJI» Ha nOMoI..Llb 6e)J;HbIM. IIo ,n;aHHbIM 1997-1998 ro.n;OB,
B .n;eHb caMoOTpe'Y:eHI1H no BceMY MHPY 6bIJIO coopaHo oOJIee 17 M.,'IH ,n;OJI-
JIapoB. .D:ame POCCHR BHeCJIa CBOIO JIenTY - OKOJIO 10 TbIC. ,n;OJIJIapoB.
.D:eHbrl1, c06paHHble B KaKoi1-JIH60 CTpaHe, He OCTalOTCH B ee c06CTBeHHO-
CTJtl, a OTnpaBJIHIOTCH KaK nOJKepTBOBam/le ry,n;a, r.n;e OHJ1 60JIee Bcero He-
OOXO.n;HMbI. TaK, POCCHH, HanpHMep, nOMOrJIa PyaH,n;e. A KTO-TO .a;pyrOl1:-
POCCHl'L (HanpHMep, nOCJIe 3eM31eTpRCeHlm B 1988 ro.n;y ApMHH Cnace-
m/1.H lIIBeLlHJ1 OKa3bIBaJIa MaTepHaJIbHYIO nOMOlLlb ApMeHHH.)
B ocooeHHocTH COLlHaJIbHbIe npoeKTbI pa3BHTbI B KpyrrHbIX POCCHM-
CKHX ropo.n;ax, B KOTOpbIX ApMI1R CrraCeHI1R YCTpaHBaeT TaKHe me aK-
LlI1H, KaK, HanpHMep, H B KpyrrHbIX ropo.n;ax EBpOnbI. B MocKBe C 1992
ro.n;a ,n;el1:CTBYIOT rrporpaMMbI rrOMOH oe3.n;OMHbIM Ha IIaBeJIeLlKOM
H KYPCKOM BOK3aJIaX, UeHTp .n;HeBHoro rrpe6bIBaHHR ,n;JIR nOJKH31bIX
(OTKpbIT B 1994 ro,n;y), TlOpeMHoe CJIYiKeHJ1e (noMolLlb JIIO.n;HM, KOTopble
co,n;epJKaTCH B CJIe,n;CTBeHHbIX H30JIHTOpaX (CJt130) J1 TlOpbMax), I1H)J;HBJ1-
.z:oraJIbHaH nOMOlLlb HaCeJIeHJt110 (o,n;em.n;a, npo,n;)'KTbI mIITaHHR, Me,n;HKa-
MeHTbI), noceeHHe Ha .n;01\ J1 B OOJIbHJt1Llax. IIo.n;06HbIe COLlHaJIbHbIe
npOrpa1\'L'\1bI oCYlLleCTBJIHIOTCH B CaHKT-IIeTepoypre, IIeTpo.n;BOpL\e, IIe-
Tp03aBo,n;cKe H BbI60pre, PocToBe-Ha-.D:oHY, BOJirorpa,n;e, BopoHeme
11 CTaBpOrrOJIe. Ba:>KHei1:rnee HanpaBJIeHJ1e .n;eRTeJIbHOCTH - oopboa C aJI-
KOrOJI1I13MOM H HapKoMaHHei1. Ee KeTpl1H Byr rmcaJIa: «Kpemnle Ha-
m1TKJ1 - 3'1'0 rJIaBHbll1: HHCTpYMeHT CaTaHbI, KOTOpbIM OH y,n;epJKJ-1BaeT
B CBOel1: BJIaCTJ1 MaCCbI JIIO.n;eJ1: B pa3HbIX CTpaHax». PeaJIH3YeTCR rrpo-
rpaMl'\1a «MOCT» no COLll'1aJIbHOiii a.n;anTaLlHH JIlo,n;ei1 C HapKOTH'Y:eCKoH
11 aJIKOrOJIbHOH 3aBJ1CHMOCTblO C Y'llaCTJ1eM HHOCTpaHHbIX 11 POCCI1i1:cKI1X
cneQVIaJIJ1CTOB. B Kopnyce «BaoyuncHHo» B MOCKBe COBMeCTHO C BJIaCTR-
MH ocyru;eCTBJIHeTCH nporpaMMa «KoHTaKT 1» no pea6HJIHTaLlHH .n;eTeM-
HHBaJIH.n;OB H C 1994 npo,n;OJIJKaeT pa60TaTb nporpaMMa «Ha,n;eJK,lJ;a» no l'--
pea611JIHTaLllU'l HHBaJIH.n;OB. N

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,n;aJIa IDlliHH Ha MaKCHMaJIbHYIO a,n;amaLlHIO K pOCCmICKOMY MeHTaJIHTeTY.
JhepbI ApMJ1H CnaCemlR nOJIaraJIH, l.JTO Ha,n;O 6bITb «rJ16KHl'VIJ111 HH'Y:ero
He HaBR3bIBaTb», nponOBe.n;YH CJIOBO Ha H3bIKe KYJIbTypbI .n;aHHoro Hapo-
.n;a. ApIDIH CrraCeHHJI nOCTORHHO CTaJIKJ1BaJIaCb C Hana.n;KaMH B a.n;pec
llleCTBI1J1 H ,n;yxOBbIX opKeCTpOB, l.JTO oml He npHJII1l.JeCTBYIOT LlepKBI1.
O.n;HaI B MOCKBe rneCTBl1e 3a6pocaJIH MYCOpOM J1 06JIJ1BaJIH BOl1.0I1.
IIo MHeID110 ArreKcaH.n;pa Xa pbKOBa, rneCTBJ1e C na pa,n;OM 1'1 .n;YXOBbIM op-
u 
KeCTpOM HBIDIeTCR aJIbTepHanmOH KpeCTHOY Xo.n;y, TOJIbKO OOJIee Bece-
JIoti, ceMetrnoi1:, npOCTOt'1 J1 ,n;OCTYIIHOM BCeM.
IIocJIe cy,n;e6HbIX npoLleccoB 1999-2002 ro,n;OB, Ha KOTOpbIX ApMHIO
CrraCeHJ/IH 06BI1HHJ111 B C03,n;aHHH «He3aKOHHoti BoeHH3HpoBaHHofi opra-
HH3aLlI1J1», B Kopnycax ApMJH1 CnaceID1R nepeCTaJIH CTpOro HaCTaH-
BaTb Ha TaKHX BHelllHHX npH3HaKax l.JJIeHCTBa B opraHH3aLll'1J1, KaK
q)OpMa H e:merOAHbIe perYJIRpHbIe MaprnH AprvIHH CnaCeHJ1H. CrreLlH-
aJIbHaJI q)()pMa cnaceHLleB BHelllHe HanOMHHaJia BoeHHYIO J1 BbI3bIBaJIa
pa3.n;pa:iKeHHe cpe,n;11 onpe.n;eJIeHHOili l.JaCTH 06I.QeCTBeHHOCTI1 He TOJIbKO
B POCCJ1I1, HO H B HeKOTopbIX ,n;pyrHx CTpaHax MJ1pa (HarrpJ1Mep,
BO cppaHLlJ1I1). cpopMa ApMHI1 CnaceHHH OCTaJIaCb 'Y:aCTblO rry6JIJ1'Y:HOro
CBH,n;eTeJIbCTBa LlepKBH, o,n;HaKO PYKOBO.n;CTBO B POCCHI1 CTaJIO 60JIee JIH-
6epaJIbHO OTHOCHTbCR K HOllleHJ11O q)OPMbL OHa CTaJIa 06R3aTeJIbHbIM
aTpH6yroM TOJIbKO .n;JIH oq)J1LlepOB BO BpeMH rrpOBe.n;eHHH ooroc.ny:>Ke-
HlH1, nepeCTaB 6bITb rrOBce.n;HeBH0I1 o.n;em.n;0I1 'Y:JIeHa ApMJH1 CnaCeHJ1R.
MOJIo,n;eJKb Bce 60JIbrne HOCJ1T npOCTO cpyT60JIKH, Mal1KH H CBHTepa
C 3M6JIeMOH ApMHH.
Tpa.n:HLlJ10HHbIe Mapllll1 't.J:aCTO, rro npH3HaHJ1IO caMHX JIJ1,D;epoB ApMHH
CrraceHl1H, CMymalOT 06bI'Y:HbIX rpaJK.n;aH - «crraceHLlbI CTaHOBRTCR
CJIHlllKOM 3aMeTHbIMH, H.n;YT B cpopMe, .n:a eI.QE' Tpy6RT H 6blO'T B 6apa6a-
HbI». IIoCJIe.wnri1 Kpyrrnbni Maprn npOBo,n;HJICH B MOCKBe B 2001 ro,n;y. JIo-
KaJIbHbIe MaplllJt1 npOBOMTCR B pa3JIWiHbIX ropo,n;ax POCCJ1H (OObI'Y:HO
B napKax), HO Y:>Ke HaMHoro pe:>Ke, l.JeM B Hal.JaJIe 1990-x ro,nOB. PyKOBO-
,n;HTeJIJ1 ApMHH CnaCeHJ1R 06'bHCHHIOT 3'1'0'1' cpaKT TeM, 'Y:TO CJIO:JK.HO nOJIY-
'Y:HTb pa3perneHJ1e OT BJIaCTel1 Ha rrpoBe.n;eHHe rro,n;06Horo pop;a MepOnpJ1-
RTI1t'1 B CBR3H C yrp030i.i TepaKTOB 1'1, KpOMe TOro, He Bce a.n;eKBaTHO
BocnpHIDlMalOT ny6JIH't.J:Hble aKI.U1H ApMJ1H CnaCem1R.
ApMHH CnaceHHH BeCbMa orrpe.n;eJIeHHO BbICKa3bIBaeT CBOH) n03H-
UJ110 no Bonpocy naTpHOTJ13Ma J1 OTHOllleHJ1HM C .n;PyrHMH CTpaHaMH.
RaJK.n;bll1 'Y:eJIOBeK HMeeT 3eMJIIO - CTpaHY, B KOTOp0l1 rOcrro,n;b .n;apOBaJI
eMY pO.n;HTbCR, H OH ,n;OJIJKeH JII0611Tb ee, HO naTpJ10TH3M He HBJIReTCH

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HbIe OTHOllleHJ1H C BJIaCT.HMH BO BceM MHpe J1 npJ1BJIe'Y:b I1X K Yl.JaCTI1lO
B CBOHX npoeKTax. PYKOBO.n;CTBO ApMHI1 CnaceHHR C'Y:J1TaeT, 'Y:TO Hy:JK-
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paBHO KaK J1 "nopOlm" npOTeCTaHTH3Ma, HJ1KaK He CBR3bIBaeTCR C ce-
CTBOM Bep0Y'lleHJ1H. C TaKHM :me ycnexoM MO:iKHO 6bIJIO 6bI m1caTb 0 pa3-
HbIX TetfeHH.HX 6YMH3Ma. C06CTBeHHO xpHcTHaHcTBo, eBaHreJIbCKaR
nponoBe.n;b HJ1KaK He TOJIbKO He COOTHOCRTCR C ,n;eHTeJIbHOCTblO LlepKBeM,
HO nO'Y:TH He ynOJ\lfimalOTCR CJIe,n;OBaHl'le Xpl'lCTHaHCKHM Hop:waM He 00-
cy:ac,n;aeTCH HH B cJJYT.fae npaBOCJIaBHR, HH B CJIy'Y:ae npOTeCTaHTJ.-13Ma.
111 Ta H ,n;pyraH KOHcl)eccl'UI paCCMaTpJlIBalOTCH KaK H,lJ,eOJIOrJ1l-IeCKHe,
KYJIbTypHbIE' H 06meCTBelIHbIe OpraHJ13an;HH. B CTpaHe, KOTopaH 6bLJ1a
no,n; CHJIbHbIM npeCCOM aTel'ICTl1'Y:eCKo:t'1 npOnaraH)J;bI B COBeTCKHe ro,n;bI,
no,n;OOHoe BocnpHHTHe n;eHHOCTeM EBanreJIHH 03Ha'Y:aeT TO, 'Y:TO HH "B03-
pO:JK,lJ;eHJ1e" npaBOCJIaBJ1H, HH MHCCJ10HepCKJ1e aKLlJ1J1 npoTec-raHTCKHX
LlepKBeM B 1990-e roAbI He CMorJIH pa,n;HKa31bHO J13MeHHTh npJ1BbIKlllee
K l1l1.e0310rJ1'Y:eCKI1M H nOJIJITH'Y:eCKJ1M aHTHTe3aM MaCCOBoe 06ll..\eCTBeHHoe
C03HaHHe B CTOpmlY "peJIHrH03Horo" BOCnpl1RTHR xpHCTHaHCTBa» 1.
ITpoHcrne.n;lllee C ApMHet'1 CnaceHHH, ,n;el1:CTBJ1TeJIbHO, MOJKHO oxapaK-
TepJ130BaTb KaK HenpJ1JIJ1'Y:HOe He.n;opa3YMeHHe. C TaKoro po,n;a a6cyp,n;-
HbIMJ1 cJtlTyaLlHRlVIH B pOCCJ1i1CKOM 06ll..\eCTBe eme npH,lJ,eTCH CTaJIKHBaTb-
CH nOCTOHHHO H Ha npOTH:meHHH ,lJ,JIl'ITeJIbHOrO BpeMeHH. 3TOMY
Heo6xo,lJ,I1M0 npoTHBOCTOHTb MaKCl'lMaJIbHO 3q)cpeKTHBHO H 3HeprH'Y:HO -
BCe1'.fi'I ,n;OCTynHbIMl'1 cpe.n;CTBaMM. Ba:iKHo, 'Y:T06bI KaJK.n;bIt'I 3aHHMaJiCH
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1 cPun8TOB Ceprei1, flYHK/IIH POMfJH. 06pa3bl npaBOCllaBIo1 101 npOTecTaHTII13Ma B CBeTCKII1X CMIt1:
6naroJlenlo1e 111 YPOJ].CTBO lila Nuova Europa (6epraMo), 2005, december, N 2 6; PyccKoe PeSblO
KeCTOHCKoro Io1HcTIo1Tyra. <j:>eBpanb 2006 r.

3T1'1M Ha CBOeM MeCTe - :mypHaJIl'ICTbI OO'beKTJlIBHO OCBeaJIH npmlCXO,n;H-
mee, MbI, IOpHCTbI, npocpeCCJ10HaJIbHO ,n,eJIaJIH CBoe ,n;eJIO, Y'lleHble - CBoe.
B nOCJIe,n;Hee BpeMH MOJKHO roBOpJ1Tb 06 3TOM oTKpoBerlHO - H,n;eT opra-
HJ130BaHHaH HHCpOpMaIJ.HOHHa.H BOJ1:Ha npOTJ1B peJIJ1rH03HbIX MeHb-
Il.fitlHCTB, K KOTOpbIM npJma31e:JKaT H TpaHIJ.HOHHbIe AJI.H POCCln1 npOTe-
CTaHTbI, 1'1 peJII1rH03Hble MeHblllJ1HCTBa 3TY BOi1:HY npOHrpbIBalOT.
B nepByIO O'Y:epe,n;b nOTOMY, 'Y:TO Ha CTopoHe onnOHeHTOB (BceB03MOJKHbIX
«ceKTOBe.n;OB» 1'1 aHTHKYJIbTHCTOB») - HpbIX npoTI1BHHKOB CBo60,D;bI COBe-
CTJlI, npaB 1'1 cBo60.n; 'Y:eJIOBeKa, 3aKOHa, .n;eMoKpaTI1H - Hepe.n;KO BbIcTyna-
lOT rocy.n;apCTBeHHbIe TeJIeKaHaJIbI J1)J;pyrJ1e cpe,n;cTBa MaCCOBOH l'1Hcl)Op-
Mam'L JIOJKb Tl1paJKJ.IpyeTC.H B orpoMHbIX KOJIH'Y:eCTBaX. OHa OTpaBJI.HeT
06meCTBeHHYIO :iKH3Hb, ,n;eJIaeT ee HeCTa6J1JlbHOI1:. JIO:mb JIeJKJ1T B OCHOBe
peJIHrH03Hot'1 HeTepnHMOCTII H Me:>KKoHcl)eCCl'IOHaJIbHbIX KOHcl)JIHKTOB,
m3JIH.HCb KaK HX npHl.Jl'1HOM, TaK H 'Y:aCTO co,n;epmaHHeM, MMeHHO :ny
eJIb - pacnpOCTpaHeHHH JIJKJ.l - npeCJIe.n;y1OT loCaK )J;OMopoeHHbIe, TaK
11 1'lMnOpn'IpyeMbIe J13-3a py6e:ma «ceKTOBeAbI»! BeCbMa )J;aJIeKHe 0'1' pe-
JIJ1I'HOBe,WIeCKoi,j: HaYKH H 06'beKTI1BHoro H3JIo:meHJ.UI cpaKTOB.
EI16JIei1cKlU1 npopOK M0I1cel1 COpOK JIeT BbIBO,D,l1JI CBoi,i Hapo,n, 1'13 .n;y-
XOBHoro IIJIeHa, a MbI Bce eme npeObIBaeM TaM - B COBeTCKOM npOlI1JIOM,
H C03HaHHe JIIO,n;eM MeH.HeTC.H O'Y:eHb J1 O'Y:eHb Me,n;JIeHHO. Ho Bcer,n;a OCTa-
eTCH B03MO}l{HOCTb 113MeHeHHH K JIY'llilleMY.
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II PWW:JfC€ttue 1
3AKJlI04EHE 3KCnEPTHOrO COBETA .QJlfl npOBE.QEHfI
rOCY.QAPCTBEHHOVt PEJlrOBE.Q4ECKOVt 3KCnEPT3bl
np MHCTEPCTBE IOCTU POCCVtCKOVt CPE.QEPAU
or 26 AeKa6pfl 2000 r.
3KcnepTHbIJ':'f COBeT )J,JIH npOBe,n:eHHH rocy,n;apCTBeHHOH: peJIl1rHOBe,n;'Y:e-
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ca ,[(enapTaMeHTa no ,n:eJIaM oomecTBeHHbIX H peJUIrH03HbIX OO'be,n;l1HeHHH:
MHHl1CrepCTBa 1OC'l'HLlHH Pet> (HCX. NQ 08-1640'1' 26.10.2000 r.), B COO'l'BeT-
CTBJ1H co CT. 11 II. 8 et>3 «0 cB060,a,e COBeCTH 11 0 peJIHrH03HbIX OO'be,D,HHe-
HJ'IHX» H TIocTaHOBJIeHHeM TIpam1TeJIbCTBa Pet> 0'1' 3 HIOHH 1998 r..N 565
«0 nopH)J;Ke npoBe,n,eHHH rocy,n;apcTBeHHoi,i peJIHrHoBe,n:'Y:ecKOH3KCnepTl1-
3bI» npOBeJI rocy,n;apcTBeHHYlo peJIl1rHoBe,a,'Y:ecKyIO 3KCnepTJ.-f3Y peJIHrH03-
HOJ1 opraHH3aLlHH «ApMHH CnaceHHH B POCCHH».
TIepe,n, 3Kcnep raMH nOCTaBJIeHbI CJIe,n;YIOmHe BonpocbI:
1. K KaKOMY BepoHcnoBe,n,aHl1Io, KOHcpeCCl111 npHHa)];JIemJ1T «ApMHH
CnacemlH B POCCl'IH»? B 3aHBJIemIH «0 rocy,n;apcTBeHHoi:J: penlCTpaLll1l1»
YKa3aHo BepOl'fCnoBe,a,aHHe: «XpHcTHaHe BepbI eBaHre31bCKofi»; B YCTaBe
co.n;ep)KHTCH nOJIOJKeHJ'le 0 TOM, 'Y:TO Opraml3aLlHH HcnOBe,n:yeT «Xpl1CTJ.-taH-
CKyIO eBaHreJIHt.J:eCKyIO Bepy» H HBJIHeTCR «npOTeCTaHTCKOt'f eBaHreJIHtfeC-
KOH LlepKOBblO», npl1'Y:eM HanpaBJIeHl1e npOTecTaHTl13Ma He yKa3aHO. B oc-
HOBax Bep0Y'llemIH ApMlU1 CnaceHHH YKa3aHo, 'Y:TO OHa npe,n,CTaBJIHeT
co60i1: eBaHreJIHt.J:eCKYIO BeTBb XpHCTl1aHCKOH LlepKBH.
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,...
npe,a,cTaBJIeHHbIX Y'llpe.n;HTeJIbHbIX .n;OKYMeHTOB .n;aHHbIe OOCTOHTeJIbCTBa
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CO'Y:ysCTBYlOmHe, coaTbI, MeCTHbIe ocplluepbI II oqm:LlepbI». KpoMe TOro,
B ApMHH Cnacem1.H HaJIH'Y:eCTBYeT apMeilcKaH aTpHOYTHKa H .n;HCqltillJll1Ha
(BOllHCKHe 3BaHJ/IH, cpopMa, YCTaB COJI,n;aTa, BbillOJllieHl1e CJIYm6bI II '1'.):(.).
1/lMelOTCH JIB B .n;aHHoi:J: OpraHH3aUHH np1l3HaI{H BOeml31lpoBaHHoi:J: opraHH-
3aLll'1J11l COBMeCTI1MO JIll 3'1'0 C nOH.HTHeM peJIHr1l03Hoi1: opraHH3aLll'1J1?
4. HaCKOJIbKO COBMeCTI1MbI nOHHTHH «apMHH», «BOHHbI», «COMaThI»
C HMeHeM 1/hlcyca XpHCTa? B03MOJKHO JIl111Cn0JIb30BaHHe .n;aHHbIX repMH-
HOB B peJIJ1rH03HOt'1 ccpepe, T.e. npH 1l3JI0memm BeTxoro H HOBOro 3aBeTOB
CBHmeHHoro IIHcaHHH?
5 . CoOTBeTCTBYeT JIH ,n;ei:J:CTBHTeJIbHOCTH YTBepJK,lJ;eHHe, 'Y:TO ApMJ1H
CnaCeHl1.H He Be.n;eT nOJIH111'Y:eCKOI1: .n;e.HTeJIbHOCTH? ,[(aHHoe YTBepm,n;eHHe
co,n,epjKHTC.H B rJIaBe 9 KHJ1rH «BOHHhI XpHCTa», npe,n;cTaBJIeHHOM, HapMY
C Y'llpe.n;HTe31bHbIMH ,n,OKYMeHTaMH, )];JI.H rocy,n;apCTBeHHot'1 perHCTpaLll1ll.
6. J13 3TOro jKe HCTO'Y:HHKa BH,lI,HO, 'Y:TO O.n;HHM H3 npaBHJI CJIYm6bI roc-
no,n,y HBJIHeTCH nOCBHmeHHe cBoero HMyr.u;eCTBa «CJIymemno rocnoL!.Y»
(<<BOl1HbI XpHcTa», r31. 8, n. 3). J1MelOTcH JII1 CJlYT.faH nepe,n;a'llH JIH'Y:HOro He-
,n;Bll)I<I1MOrO HMyr.u:eCTBa B nOJIb3Y ApMJ1l1 Cnacemm? KaKHMH npam1JIaMH
perYlIHpYeTC.H c60p cpe.n;CTB (nOJ-Kep rBosamu1) H HaCK031bKO 3Ta npaKTllKa
COOTBeTCTByeT 3aKOHo,n,aTeJIbCTBY POCCllMCKOM <t>e.n;epaLlJ.-U'l?
7. KaKoBa COLll-1aJIbHaH aKTHBHOCTb ApMHll CnaceHHH (xapaKTep opra-
H1l3aLll1l1, cnoco6 ee cpOpMJ.-IpOBaHl1H, OTHOrneHlle K Cyr.u;ecTBYlOmCMY MJ'l-
ponopH,n,KY). R&1.HeTC.H JIH .n;aHHa.H OpraHH3aLlHH peJIHrH03HoM?
Ha OCHOBaHlH-1 H3)"-leHHH YCTaBHhlx H Bepo)"-IHTeJIbHbIX ,n;OKYMeHTOB
ApMHH CnaCeHH.H, MHoro'Y:HClIeHHbIX 1l3.n;aHllM ApMHH CnaceHJ1H, Heno-
cpe,n,CTBeHHOrO Ha6JIIO.n;eHH.H BO BpeH 60roCJIY)KeHH.H ApMJ.-1J1 CnaceHJ / 1.H,
JIl1qHbIX oece,n; C COMaTaMH II ocpHLlepaMH ApMHH CnaCeHl1H, 3KcnepTbI
npHxo,n;.HT K CJIe,n,YIOmHM BhIBo,n,aM:
1. ApMll.H CnaCeHll.H KaK peJIHrJ.l03HaH opraHll3aLll1.H OCHOBaHa B 1865 r.
B JIoH.n;oHe. OCHOBaTeJIeM opraHJ/I3aLll'U1 6bIJI aHrJIHMCKHJ1 MeTo.n;HcTCKHi1:
nponoBe,n;HHK YI1JThHM BYT. B HaCTOHmee BpeMH opraHH3aLll1.H ApMJ1H
CnaceHHH .n;eMcTBYeT 60JIee l.JeM B 100 cTpaHax Ml1pa. B POCCHll APMJ'IH
CnaCeHH.H oq)HLlHaJIbHO ,n;eJ1CTBOBaJIa C 1913 no 1923 ro,n;. B 1991 r. ApMJ1H
CnaCeHll.H B0306HOm1JIa CBOIO ,n;eHTeJIbHOCTh B POCCHH. 6 Ma.H 1992 r. ,n,aH-
Hoe peJIHrl103HOe OOce,n;HHeHHe ObIJIO 3apenlCTpHpOBaHO YnpaBJIeHHeM
IOCTHLlI1H r. MOCKBbI. B HaCTO.Hmee BpeMH 3aperHCTpHpOBaHHbie peJIHrn-
03HbIe OpraHH3aLll1l1 ApMJ.-U'I CnaceHHH TalOKe ,n;eJ1cTBYIOT B CaHKT- IIeTep-
oypre, POCTOBe-Ha-,[(OHY, BoJIrorpa,n,e, TIeTp03aBo,n,CKe. ApMHH CnaceHllH
He ,n,eKJIapHpyeT CBOIO npllHa)];JIe:iKHOCTb K KaKOfi-JIH60 ceCTByIOI.IJ;eti
H3BeCTHoi1: KOHcpeCCm1. flBJIH.HCb caMOCTO.HTeJIbHbIM npOTeCTaHTCKHM Te-
qeHHeM, .n;aHHaH peJIHr1l03HaH OpraHJ13aLll1H B To:me BpeMH C 1974 r. Y'lla-
CTBYeT B ,n;e.HTeJIbHOCTH eBaHre.IDl'Y:eCKoi1: BeTBH xpHcTHaHcKHx LlepKBeJ1

J1 O,n;06p.HeT .n;OKYMeHTbI, npl1HHTbIe KOHq)eCCaMl1 H BCTpe'Y:aMH npe.n;CTaBH-
TeJIeM 3THX LlepKBeM (1974 r. JI03aHHa, IIlBei1LlapH.H; 1982 r. - fpaH,n; Pa-
nH,n;, rnTaT MW-IHraH, CIlIA; 1989 r. - MaHJlJIa, CPHJIHnill'IHbI). B HJ'IX no,n;-
'Y:epKHBaeTcfl aBTopHTeT npeJK,a,e Bcero CBHeHHoro IIHcaHllH.
OCHOBHbIMJ.l HanpaBJIeJU1HMH .n;eHTeJIbHOCTH nOCJIe,n;oBaTeJIeM .n;aHHbIX
xpHcTHaHcKHx LlepKBeti npOB03rJIarnalOTCH eBaHreJIH3aLlHfll1 COLlHaJIbHaH
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb (noMOI..qb BceM HYJK)J;aIOIWlMC.H). ApMJ1H CnaceHHH HMe-
€'I' CBoe Bep0YT.ieHHe, OOpfl.[.(OBYIO npaKTl1KY H uepeMOHHH, no c06CTBeHHbIM
 
nporpaMMaM ocyr.u;eCTBJUIeT 00YT.ieHHe H BocmlTamle nOCJIe.n;OBaTeJIel1.
B TO me BpeMH B HcnOBe,n;aHJ.H-1 BepbI ApMHH CnaceHHfl npOCJIe)KHBaeTCH
CYJ..LleCTBeHHoe CXO,n;CTBO C Bep0YT.iHTeJIhHbIMH .n;OKTpl1HaMH npOTeCTaHT-
CKl1X .n;eHOMHHaUI1H - MeTO,lJ,I13Ma H KBaKepOB. Co.n;epmaHHe Bcex 11 CHM-
B0310B Bepbl ApMJ.m CnaCeHI-1H CBOHMl1 KOpHHMI1 YXO.n;HT K Y'lleHl1lO .II:m.
Y3CJIl1 - OCHOBaTeJIH MeTo.n;H3Ma. BCJIe.n; 3a KBaKepaMJ.l ApMHH CnaceHHH
npoB03rJIarnaeT, 'Y:TO e,n;J1HCTBeHHO BepHbIM KpemeHHeM .HB31HeTCfl Kpeme-
HHe D:YXOM CBHThIM H OTKa3bIBaeTCH 0'1' KpemeHl1H BO,n;OM.
2. IIpoLle.n;ypa oorOCJIy:meHl1M, 06pfl.[.(oB 11 LlepeMOHl1M no.n;pooHO om'Ica-
Hcl B H3.n;clHHHX ApMHH CnaceHHH (IIpaBI,wa .n;JUI MeCTHbIX ocpl1UepOB. M.,
1995 r.; [(epeMoHlH1 ApMl1H CnaceHHH. M., 2000 r.; BOJ.1HbI XpHcTa.
CITo.,1993 r.; TaHHcTBa. CITo., 1993 r. H ,n;p.).
EorocJIy:me6HaH npaKTHKa ApMHH CnaCeHH.H BKJIIO'Y:aeT B ce6H c06pa-
IDle BepYIOmHX no BocKpeceHbHM, nemle rHMHOB H neceH ()J;JIH 3Toro
B 1994 r. B CaHKT- ITeTep6ypre 113,a,aH CneW1aJIbHO «C60pHHK neceH ApMHH
CnaceHI1H»), MOlIHTBbI, 'Y:TeHHe CBHmeHHoro ThlcaHl1H, nponoBe,n;b. Rpoe
Toro, B ApMHH CnaCeHH.H npaKTHKyIOTC.H LlepeMOHJ.H1, CBH3aHHbIe co 3Ha-
'tffiTeJIhHbIMH COObITl1HMH B :mH3HH (nocBHmeHl1H, 6paKoco'Y:eTaHHH, noxo-
pOHbI, .n;yxomIbIe 06emaHJtIH H .n;p.). Bo BpeMH nocemeHHH 10 .n;eKaOpH
2000 r. BOCKpeCHOro 6oroCJIymem-m o.n;Hoi'l H3 OOIW:IH ApMl1H CnaceHHH no
a.n;pecy: MOCKBa,.lU\ «M3AJI», IIo)J;Del\fiIa.H YJI., 9, Ha KOTOpOM npHCYTCTBO-
BaJIO 57 'Y:eJIOBeK, oorocJIymeHHe oCYJ..LleCTBJIHJIOCb B CJIe,n;yIOeM nOCJIe.n;o-
BaTeJIbHOCTH npHBeTCTBl1e, 'Y:TeHHe EHOJll1H, MOJll1TBa, pa3MbllIIJIeHHe nac-
Topa Ha TeMY: «O/KH,1J;aHHe PO:JK,Z.J;eCTBa», 'Y:TeHl1e EI10JIHH, HCnOJIHeHHe
neceH ApMJ1H CnaceHJ'1H, nOJKepTBOBam'lH, MOJlJtITBa, nponoBe.n;b naCTopa Ha
reM)': «C.n;eJIai1 BbI60p: ,a,06po HJIl1 3JI0». EorOCJIyJl-ceHJ'1H ApMHH CnaCeHI1H
HOCHT OTKpbIThn1: XapaKTep, Ha HI'IX MOJKeT npHcYTcTBoBaTb JII06oi1 :me31alO-
t'L KaKHe-JlJtI60 3aKpbrrbIe pwrYaJIbI H 60roc.rry:meHJ1H OTCYTCTBYIOT.
3-4. Y:me B nepBbIe BeKa xpHcmaHCTBa LlepKOBHbIe aBTopbI B no,n;pa-
JKaIDle an. ITaBJIY (CM.: PHM. 6:13,13:12, 16:7; 1 Kop. 9:7,25; 2 Rop. 6:7,
10:36,11:8; EBp. 6:12-18; <PH31. 2:25; KoJI.4:10, 1 <Pec. 5:8 11 T.,n;.), qaCTO 06-
pamalOTC.H K BOeHHoi1 TepMJ'IHOJIOfJtIH. 3TI1 MeTacpopbI npJ'1BeJIJ1 K Tep1J'IHO-
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pe,n;. 10.TI. MaJIHHHH. CTI6.: «EBpa3HH», 1999).
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«BOHHbl XpHcTa», «COJI.n;aTbI XpHCTa» CTaJIH CHHOHHMaMl1 npe,n;aHHocTH
Bory, nOJIHoro nOCBHmeHHH XpHCTl1aHCKOMY CJIy:meHHIO.
CaMoHa3BaHHe nOCJIe.n;oBaTeJIeti ApMl1I1 CnaceHHH - «BOHHbI XpHCTa» -
03Ha'Y:aeT npJ13BaIDle KaJK,n;oro qJIeHa .n;aHHoi1: peJIHr1103HOi1 OpraHH3aLlHH
,D,HCLlJmIDIHHpoBaHHo 11 HeyKJIoHHo HCnOJIHHTh 3aBeThI HHcyca XpHcTa.
8T0 npH3BaHHe 060cHoBbIBaeTcH CJIe.l\YlO1M HOB03aBeTHbIM TeKCTOM:
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HHH «MOCKOBCKoe OT,n;eJIeHl1e ApMJ1H CrraceHJtIH», OCHOBaHHbIe Ha npHMe-
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CH C HX KOHCTHTYLlHOHHO - rrpaBOBbIM CMbICJIOM, BbIHBJIeHHblM B HaCTOH-
meM OnpeeJIeHHH, no,rvremaT nepecMoTpy B YCTaHOBJIeHHOM nOpH,D;Ke.
4. IIoCKOJIbKY ,n;JIR pa3perneHI1H nOCTaBJIeHHOro 3aHBH f€JIeM Bonpoca
B COOTBeTCTBHH C cI>eepaJIbHbIM KOHCTHTYLlHOHHbIM 3aKOHOM «0 !\OHCTH-
TYQHOHHOM Cy,n;e Poccl1ikKOi.! CPeepaLlHH» He TpeoyeTCH BbIHecemIH
npe.n;yCMOTpeHHoro ero CTaTbel1: 71 JtlTOroBOro perneHJ'1H B Bl't.n;e nOCTaHOB-
JIeHHH, maJI06a peJIHrl103Horo o60eHHeHHR «MOCKoBcKoe OT,n;eJIeHHe Ap-
MJ1H CnaceHJtIH» He nO)];JIeJKI1T .n;aJIbHeMrneMY paCCMOTpemllO B 3aceaHHH
RoHCTHTYLlHOHHOro Cy.n;a POCCJtn1:CKOM CPeepaLlHH.
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OpraHaMJ.-I H OJI:JKHOCTHbIMH JIHLlaMH,
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CKOH: ra3eTe» H «Coopamm 3aKOHOaTeJIbCTBa POCCJ.tt'ICKOM cI>e.n;epaLlHI1».
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2001 r. B EBponeMCKHI1: cy,n; no npaBaM 'Y:eJIOBeKa MOCKOBCKHM OT.n;eJIeHHeM
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CO B COOTBeTCTBHH co CTaTbeM 34 EBponeMcKoM KOHBeHLlI'I11 0 3a1Te npaB
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LleB H3 CJIaBHHcKoro npaBoBoro LleHTpa, npaKTHKyrollJ;He a,lI,BOK.aThI H3 MOCK-
BbL IIpaBI1TeJIbCTBO POCCI1i1:CKOt't <Pe,n;epaWD1 npe,n;cTaBJIHJI r-H IT JIanTeB,
npeC'l'amlTeJIb POCCHt'ICK0I1 4>e.n;epaWIH npl1 EBponeMcKoM cYl1.e no npa-
BaM l.JeJIOBeKa.
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BJIaCTH OTKJIOHHJIH 3aHBJIeHHe 0 nepeperHC'l'paI..{HH 3aHBHTeJIH B Ka'Y:ecTBe
lOpH,n;I1l.JeCKoro JIHLla.
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52 PerJIaMeHTa Cy,n;a). B paMKaX CeK'1H IIaJIaTa, paCCMaTpJmalOmaH ll.e-
JIO (nYHKT 1 CTaTbH 27 :KoHBeHLlHH), 6bIJIa CcpOpMJ.-IpOBaHa B CQOTBeTCTBHH
C nYHKToM 1 IIpaBJ1JIa 26 PerJIaMeHTa.
5. PerneHHeM 0'1' 24 HIOHH 2004 r. EBpOnel1:cKJ.-rn cYl1. 06'bHBHJI JKaJI06y
'Y:aCTJt1'Y:HO npHeMJIeMOI';'I .n;JUI pacCMOTpeHJ1H no CyrI..{eCTBY.
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ill'ICbMeHHbIe CBe.n;eHHH (nYHKT 1 IIpaBHJIa 59), IIOCOBeIl.{aBlllHCb co C'ropo-
HaMH, IIaJIaTa npHHHJIa pellleHHe 0 TOM, 'Y:TO c.rryrnaHHe no Cyr.u;ecTBY He
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'n1: (rrYHKT 1 IIpaBHJIa 25 PerJIaMeHTa Cya). .D:aHHoe ,n;eJIO 6bIJIO nepe,n;a-
HO Ha pacCMOTpeHl1e BO BHOBb oopa30BaHHyIO IIepByIO ceKLlHIO (nyHKT 1
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B Poccm'1 C 1913 no 1923 ro.n;. B 1923 roy OHa 6bIJIa JIHKBH,n;HpOBaHa KaK
«aHTIICOBeTCKaH OpraHI13aLlHH»,
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YCTaB MoeKoBcKoro OT.n;eJIeIIHH ApMHH CnaceHHH.
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BeTa HapO.n;HbIX l1.enyTaTOB 3aperHCTpHpOBaJIa OTl1.eJIeHJ1e-3aHBJtlTeJIH B Ka-
'Y:eCTBe peJIl1rH03Hot'I OpraHH3aLlHH, HMelOeJ1: CTaTYC IOpH.n;JtI'Y:eCKoro JIl'IIJ;a.
11. 12 ceHTHopH 1997 ro.n;a YnpaBJ1eHHe IOCTHLlHH no r. MoeRBe (,n;a-
JIee - YIO MOCRBbI) 3aperJt1CTpl1poBaJIO H3MeHeHl1H H .n;onOJIHeHJtIH B YCTa-
Be OT,n;eJIemUI-3aHBHTeJIH.
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BeCTJt1 H 0 peJIl'1rH03HbIX 00'be.n;HHem1HX» (.n;aJIee - «3aKOH 0 peJIHrHHX»). Lt\

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B COOTBeTCTBHe C 3aKOHOM 0 peJIl'lrHHX H npOMTH nepeperHCTpaLlHIO l1.0
31 ,n;eKaopH 1999 rol1.a.
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o nepeperJ.-ICTpaLlHH B Ka 'Y:eCTBe MeCTHOI'I peJIl1rH03Hot't OpraHH3a'n1.
14. 16 aBrycTa 1999 ro,n;a 3aMeCTHTeJIb Ha'Y:aJIbHHKa YlO MOCKBbI yse-
,n;OMHJI 3MBHTeJIH 06 OTKa3e B rrepeperl1CTpaLlHI1, npl1Bel1.H TPH OCHOBaHl1H
,n;JIH OTKa3a. Bo-nepBbIX, 3aHBWl'eJIIO 6bIJIO yKa3aHO, 'Y:TO Ha 3ace,n;aHJtm qJH-
HaHCOBoro COBeTa (ynpaBJIHlOHM opraH OTl1.eJIeHHR-3aHBHTeJIR), Ha KOTO-
pOM 6bIJIH npHHHTbI H3MeHeHHH H .n;onOJIHeHHH B yqpel1.HTeJIbHbIX l1.0KY-
MeHTax, npHCYTCTBOBaJIO TOJIbKO nHTb 'Y:JIeHOB, Tora KaK 3aKOH
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TeppHTOpHI1 POCCHI1. B-TpeTbHX, 3aMeCTHTeJIb Ha'llaJIbHHKa YlO COCJIaJICH
Ha TO, 'Y:TO OT.n;eJIeHHe-3aHBHTeJIb no.n;'Y:HHHeTCH LleHTpaJIH30BRHHOM peJIl1-
fH03H0I1 opraHH3aLlHH, pacnOJIOJKeHHOI1: B JIoHoHe, H c,n;eJIaJI H3 3TOro 3a-
KJIIO'Y:eHHe 0 TOM, 'Y:TO UI'l1.eJIeHHe-3aHBHTeJIb, «CKopee Bcero», HBJUIeTCH
rrpel1.C'l'aBHTeJIbCTBOM HHOCTpaHHOH peJII1rH03HOH opraHH3aLlHH H lenCT-
ByeT Ul' HMeHH H no nopYT.ieHHIO nOCJIe.n;HeM. 11 B 3TOM CBH3H .n;eHTeJIbHOCTb
3aHBHTeJIH .n;OJI:mHa perYJIl1pOBaTbCH IIoCTaHOBJIeHHe rrpaBI1TeJIbCTBa
.NQ 130 (CM. nYHKT 46 HHJKe).
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paLlHH B IIpecHeHcKHJ1: paMOHHbIJ1: cYl1. r. MOCKBbI. YlO MOCKBbI npel1.CTa-
Bl'WO nHCbMeHHbIe 3aMe'Y:aHHH, B KOTOpbIX 6bWJ1 BbI,ll;BHHYTbI ,n;onOJIHI1-
TeJIbHble OCHOBaHHH .n;JIH OTKa3a B nepeperHcTpaLlHH:
«...CTaTbH 6 YCTaBa rJIaCHT, 'Y:TO 'Y:JIeUbI OTeJIeHHH COCTOHT H3 CTOPOH-
HJ1KOB, COJI,n;aT, MeCTHbIX ocpHLlepoB H ocpl1LlepOB, B03rJIaBJIReMbIX KOMaH-
.n;yIO1M ocpHLlepoM, Ha3Ha'Y:aeMbIM H3 JIoHl1.0Ha. qJIeHbI OT.n;eJIeHHH HOCRT
CPOPMY 11 HecYT CJIy:moy, l.JTO 03Ha'Y:aeT, 'Y:TO OT.n;eJIeHHe HBJIHeTCR BoeHH3H-
pOBaHHOI'11 opraHH3aLlHet'1.
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,.., .... ...... ......
no ooecne'Y:eHJ1lO corJIaCOBaHHbIX ,n;eHCTBJ1H opraHoB roCYl1.apCTBeHHOH
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Bapb ,n;aeT cJIe.n;yIOmee onpe,n;eJIeHJ1e 3TOMY CJIOBY: 1. COBOKynHOCTb BO-
opy:meHHbIX CHJI mCYl1.apCTBa...»

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.n;eJIY. Cy.n; KBaJIJ'Iq)HQI1POBaJI OT.n;eJIeHHe-3aHBHTeJIH B Ka'Y:eC'I'Be npeCTa-
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HJ1R» 11 onpel1.eJIl1JI, 'Y:TO 3aRBHTeJIb, TaKI1M 06pa30M, He Mo:meT 6bITb 3ape-
rHCTpHpOBaH B Ka'Y:eCTBe aBTOHOMHOM peJIHrH03HOM opraHH3aLlHH.
IIo MHemllO cy.n;a, B CHJIY TOro me cpaKTa OT.n;eJIeHHe-3aHBHTeJIb He Mo:meT
npeTeH,D;OBaTb H Ha nepeperHCTpaLlHIO. Bo-BTOpbIX, cy COCJIaJICR Ha
IIyHKT 5 CTaTbH 13 RoHCTHTYLlHH PCP, 3anpealO'lfi C03,n;aHl1e H ,n;eH-
TeJIbHOCTb 06I.I.:(eCTBeHHbIX 06'be,n;I1HeHl1M, LleJiH HJIH ,n;et'ICTBJ1R KOTOpbIX
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naCHOCTH rocy.napCTBa, C03.n;amle BoopymeHHbIX cpOpMHpoBaHHH, pa3JKI1-
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Ha H 6ecnpeKOCJIOBHOe nO'Y:HHeHHe l.JJIeHOB peJIHrH03HOI1: OpraHH3aLlHH ee
PYIWBOLJ;CTBY, a C pyroM C'l'OpOHbI, C PYKOBocTBa 11 OpraHI13aqHH B LleJIOM
CHHMaeTCH BCHKaH OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a l1.eHTeJIbHOCTb ee 'Y:JIeHOB. ...TaK,
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30B H npeWU1CamIJ1: ApMHl1 CnaceHl1R, YKa3aHHH: rJIaBbI OreJIeHHH... Or-
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HBHTe..1H. Cy,n; YKa3aJI, tfTO B HCnOJIHI/ITe1IbHbrt'1 opraH OTjJ,eJIeHHH 3aHBHTeJUI \0

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o peJIl1rHHX Tpe6yeT, 'Y:TOObI YT.ipe.n;HTeJIl'1 peJIHrH03HOI1: OpraHJ/I3aLlJtIH 6bIJIH
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CTaBHTeJIbCTBa HHoCTpaHHofi peJIHrH03HoM opraHH3aLlI1I1. B Ka'Y:eCTBe .n.o-
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o TOM, 'Y:TO O"r,l1,e..1eHl1e HBJlHe"rCH rrpeMC'ramrreJIbCTBOM MeK)J;YHapOMHoi1
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CTaBJIeHHble Ha nepeperHCTpaLlHlO, He COOTBeTCTBYlOT Tpe60BaHHHM 3aKO-
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18. 12 HlOJIH 2000 ro,n;a MUHHcTepcTBo 00pa30BaHJ1H PcP HanpaBHJIO
B ynpaBJIeHHH 00pa30BaHHH B perHoHax POCCHH HHCTpYKLlJ1IO «0 .n;eHTe1Ib-
,.. v
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TeJIH IIbrralOTCH OKa3bIBaTb BJIHHl-il'Ie Ha MOJIO,D.eI{b H BOeHHOCJIyJIffiUV1X.
ApMJtlH CnaceHJ.1H qJOpMaJIbHO npe,n;CTaBJIHeT C060M eBaHreJIbCKOe npoTec-
TaHTCKoe HanpaBJIeHJ1e xpHCTHaHcTBa, o,n;HaKO, no CYTH, OHa JIBJlHeTCH Bo-
eHH3HpOBaHHoi:i peJIl1r1103Hoi:i OpraHl13aLll1et'1 C mecTKOM HepapXH'Y:eCKOM
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CKonHpOBaH H3 l'lHcpopMaLlJtIOHHOH: CBOJJ,KJ1, no.n.roTOBJIeHHOI1 4>e,n;epaJIbHOH:
c.rry:m60H: oe30naCHOCTH PcP H HanpaBJIeHHOH: B MJ-IH11CTepCTBO 06pa30Ba-
HJ1H 29 MaR 2000 ro.n.a.
19. 31 ,n;eKaopH 2000 rOAa HCTeK CPOK)];JIH rocy.n;apcTBeHHoM nepeperH-
cTpaI..IJ.1J-1 peJIl1f1103HbIX opraHH3aLlHJ1:. OpraHJ.13aLllm, He nporne,n;rnHe nepe-
perJ1CTpaLll11O ,l1,0 HCTe'Y:eHHH YKa3aHHoro cpOKa, nOlJ,JIeJKaJIH Jll/fKBH,n;aLlHH
B CY,l1,e5HOM nOpHAKe.

20. 2 aBrycra H 10 ceHTHopH 2001 ro,n;a COOTBe"rCTBeHHO MOcKOBCtmt'I
ropO,n;CKOi-i cy,n; 11 BepXOBHbIJ1: Cy,n; P4> OTKJIOHJ1JIH npocboy OT,n;eJIeHJ1H-3a-
HBHTeJUI 0 npHHeceHHH npOTecTa B nOpH.n;Ke Ha.n;30pa.
B. Pa3611paTCJIbCTBO 0 .1llIKBU,[t,aqlUl OT.n;CJICIUIH-3m:mUTeJIH
21. 29 MaH 2001 ro,n;a Y10 MOCKBbI no,n;aJIO HCK 0 JIHKBI1.n;aqHI1 OT,n;eJIe-
HHH-3aHBHTeJUI.
22. 12 ceHTHopH 2001 r. TaraHcKHM paHmIHbIM cy,n; r. MOCKBbI yoBJIe-
TBOpl1JI HCK Y10 MOCKBbI 0 JIHKBH,n;aLlHJ.-L Cy,n; c'Y:eJI, 'Y:TO OT,n;eJIeHHe-3aHBH-
TeJIb He yse.n;OMJIHJIO cBoeBpeMeHHO YnpaBJIeHHe IOCTVllHH 0 npo,n;OJIJKe-
HJ.m CBOel1: .n;eRTeJIbHOCTI1 11 He npornJIO nepeperJ.-ICTpaLlHIO B CpOK,
YCTaHOBJIeHHbn:1 3aKOHOM 0 peJIHrl1RX. Cyl1. OO'bHBHJI OT.n;eJIeHHe-3aHBl1Te-
JIH npeKpaTHBllmM ,n;eHTeJIbHOCTb H c'Y:eJI, 't.ITO OHO ,n;OJDKHO 6bITb JIJ.-1llleHO
cTaTyca IOpl1.zJ.fllecKoro JIHLla H BbIl.JepKHYTO H3 rOCYl1.apCTBeHHoro peeCT-
pa IOpH,n;H'Y:eCKHX JII1Ll. 6 .n;eKa6pR 2001 rolI.a MOCKOBCKHti roPO,TJ.CKOI1: cy,n;
OeraBHJI B CHJIe pellleHHe 0'1' 12 ceHTH6pH 2001 r.
23. 10 ceHTHopH 2001 ro,n;a OTl1.eJIeHHe-3aHBHTeJIb nOl1.aJIO :maJI06y
B RoHC nrrYl1,HOHHbIH Cy P4> 0 HeKoHcTwrYl1,110HHOCTH CT. 27.4 3aKoHa 0 pe-
JIHrHHX, KOTopaH Tpe6yeT JIHKBI1,.TJ.aLlHH peJII1f1103HbIX OpraHl13aLlHfl, He npo-
lllel1.l1IHX BOBpeMH nepeperHCTpaLlVllO. Or,n;eJIeHJ1e-3aHBlITeJIb YTBepiK.n;aJIO,
'Y:TO COrJIaCHO OCnapHBaeMOMY nOJIOmelUIIO Jll1KBl't.n;a.LlI1H HBJIHeTCH cpOpMOM
HaKa3amIH, KOTopoe MomeT HaJIara rbCH Ha peJIHrH03HYIO opraID13aWIlO no
'Y:HCTO pMaJIbHbIM OCHOBaIDIHM, B OTCYTCTBHe KaKHX-JII160 HapyrneID1I1 co
cropOHbI opraHH3a1I1. ORo YTBepiK.n;aJIO, 'Y:TO HaJIOJKeHHe HaKa3aHHH oe3
BHHbI He COrJIaCYeTCH C npHHLlJ.-illOM 3aKOHHOCTI1 H RBJIHeTCH nOCRraTeJIbCT-
BOM Ha ero KOHCTHT10HHbIe npaBa.
24. 7 cpeBpaJiH 2002 ro,n;a ROHCTHTYLlltJOHHbIM Cy P4> BbIHec onpe.n;e-
JIeHHe no :maJIooe OT.n;eJIeHJ.-IH-3aHBHTeJIH. Cy.n; onpe.n;eJIHJI, 'Y:TO nepepe-
rHcTpaLlHH peJIHrH03HoM opraHH3aUI1H He MOJKeT 3aBHceTb 0'1' BbInOJIHe-
HHH Tpe60BaHHM, BBe,n;eHHbIX 3aKOHOM 0 peJIHrHHX H IOpH,n;I1'Y:eCKH He
Cyu.I.eCTBOBaBrnHX Ha MOMeHT C03,n;aHHH opraHH3aLlHH. Cy.n; TOJIbKO B TOM
CJIYT.iae Mor BbIHeCTH pelilCl-lJtIe 0 JIlUCBH,n;aUHH opraHH3aLlI1H, KOTOpaH He
CMOrJIa npe,n;CTaBHTb .n;OKYMeHTbl B COOTBeTCTBHH C 3aKOHOM, eCJIH 6bIJIO
6bI ,n;OJIJKHbIM 06pa30M YCTaHOBJIeHO, 'Y:TO opraHH3aLll'IH npeKpaTHJIa
CBOIO eHTeJIbHOCTb I1JIH ee eHTeJIbHOCTb 6bIJIa He3aKOHHOM. Cy,n; TaK:JKe
no,n;'Y:epKHYJI, 'Y:TO cy.ne6Hoe perneHHe 0 JIHKBH.n;aLlHH opraHl13aQHH, KOTO-
paH He npolllJIa nepepefl1CTpaLlHIO, ,n;OJIJKHO OCHOBblBaTbCR Ha 60JIee Be-
COMbIX .n;OBo,n;ax, HeJKeJII1 CCbIJIKa Ha TaKHe cpopMaJIbHbIe nOKa3aHHH
K JIHKBH.n;aLlHH, KaK HenpOXO:iK)J;eHHe nepeperHCTpaLlJtIH B yc-raHOBJIeH-
HbIi1 CpOK 11 HenpeCTaBJIeHl1e HHcpopMaLlHI1 0 npo,n;OJI:meHI1I1 ,n;eHTeJIb-
HOCTH. B 3aKJIIO'Y:eHI1I1 Cy,n; onpe,n;eJIHJI, 'Y:TO .n;eJIO OT,n;eJIeHHH-3aHBI1TeJIH r-r\
.n;OJI:mHO ObITb nepeCMOTpeHO B l.JaCTH, paCC:\10TpeHHOM Ha OCHOBaHlm \0

4-
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Hbl.l'<1 Cy.n;OM.
25. 1 aBrYC'l'a 2002 roa npe3H.n;Hyrvt MOCKOBCKOro ropO.n;CKOro cy.n;a OT-
Me:mIJI pernemle 0'1' 12 ceHTRopR 2001 ra.n;a 11 HanpaBHJI eJIO Ha HOBoe pac-
cMoTpeHHe B HHOM COCTaBe cyeM.
26. 18 cpeBpaJUI 2003 ro,n;a TaraHcKvrn pat10HHbn1 cy r. MOCKBbI OTKJIo-
HJ1JI I1CK 0 JIvIKBH.n;aLlHH OT.n;eJIeHHH-3aHBHTeJUI, no,n;aHHbIJ1: YlO MOCKBbI.
Cy.n; OCHOBaJI CBoe pernemle Ha nOC'l'aHOBJIemIH KOHCTHTYLlHOHHora Cya.
27. 20 MapTa 2003 ro,n;a YIO MOCKBbl OO:JKaJIOBaJIO 3'1'0 perneHHe. YIO
YTBepJKaJIO, 'Y:TO, Bo-nepBbIX, cy,n;eOHbIe perneIDIH 06 OCTaBJIeHl1H B CHJIe
OTKa3a B nepepen1CTpaLlJtIH OCTaBaJ1HCb B CHJIe H, BO-BTOpbIX, BHeCeHJ1e
J-IHcpopMaLlHH 06 OT,n;eJIeHI1I1-3aHBHTeJIe B EWlHbn:1 rocy,n;apcrneHHbrn pe-
eC'l'p IOpHl1.H'Y:eCKI1X JIHLl (EfPlOJI) He 03Ha'Y:aeT nepepenlCTpaLlHIO no
CMbICJIY 3aKoHa 0 peJIHrHHx.
28. 16 anpeJiR 2003 ro,n;a MOCKoBcKvrn ropO.n;CKOM cy,n; OTKJIOHHJI Kacca-
LlHOHHYIO maJ106y 11 OCTaBl1JI B CHJIe perneHHe paH:OHHoro cy.n;a OT 18 cpeB-
paJIR 2003 ro,n;a.
f. nOCJleACTBJ.lH OTI\a3a B nepepernCTpaIJ)UI
29. 3aHBI1TeJIb YTBepm.n;aeT, 'Y:TO OTKa3 B nepeperHcTpaLlHH oTpHLla-
TeJIbHO CKa3aJICH Ha era ,n;eHTeJIbHOCTH.
30. IIo I1CTel.Jem'1H cpoKa.n;.rm nepeperHCTpaLlVu131.n;eKaopH 2000 ro,n;a aK-
THBbI OT.n;eJIemm-3aHBHTeJUI npHlllJIOCb rrepeBeCTH Ha 0611.{HHY ApwD1 Cna-
cem-m, nepeperHCTpHpoBaHHYIQ Ha (Pe.n;epaJIbHOM ypoBHe, 'Y:roObI H30e:JKaTb
KOHcpHCKaLlV1l'L TaKOH: nepeBo nOTpe60BaJI MHoro BpeMeIDI H YCHIDU";i: npaBo
BJIa.n;emm Ha TPH nOMeeHJtm; npaBa co6CTBeHHOCTH H perHcTpaLlVIH 'Y:eTbIp-
HaTII aBTOMarnHH; OTKpbIDle HOBOro 6aHKoBCKOro c'Y:eTa; nepeocpopMJIe-
Hl1e KOHTpCtKTOB BceX COTpy.zufHKOB; nepeocpopMJIeIDle l1.Ba,lJ;LlaTH llleCTJ.-1 .n;oro-
BOpoB apeH.LU>I H T.L(. Ka:;K,[{oe H3 3THX .n;eMCTBHM rroTpe60BaJ10 CJIQ)I{HbIX
olOpoKpaTVf't.IecKHx llIaroB H OTBJIeKaJIO OT peIDm'I03Hot'1 .n;emeJlliHOCTl'L
31. OrKa3 TalOKe nOBJIeK 3a coooi{ pacnpoCTpaHeHHe HeraTHBHOi{ HH-
cpopMa'1H, KOTopaH cepbe3HO nOBpe.n;HJIa MepOnpJ-mTHHM OT.n;eJIeHl1R-3a-
HBHTeJIH no c60py cpe.n;cTB Ha 6JIarOTBOpHTeJIbHOCTb H nopOl1.HJIa He.n;OBe-
pHe co CTOpOHbI BJra,n;eJIbLleB He.n;BHJKHMOCTH, KOTopbIe OTKa3bIBaJiH
B apeH,D;e nOMeeHHt'1 ur.n;eJIeHHIO-3aHBHTeJllO.
32. IIo KpaHHeM Mepe, B O.n;HOM H3 pal1:0HOB paooTY OT.n;eJIeHlm-3aHBI1-
TeJIH no .n;OCTaBKe ropH'Y:I1X 06e,n;oB Ha .n;OM nO:JKJ1JIbIM JIIO,n;HM npHIllJIOCb
npeKpaTHTb nOJIHOCTblO, nOCKOJIbKY 'Y:JtIHOBHHK MeCTHOM a,n;MHHHCTpaI.{HH
OTKa3aJICR paOOTaTh C OT,n;eJIeHHeM-3aHBHTeJIeM, He HMelOmHM OcpHLlJtI-
aJIbHoi,i perHcTpaLlHH.
33. OrCYTcTBHe rocy.n;apcTBeHHoM perHCTpaLlJtIH npHBeJI K TOMY, 'Y:TO 25
HHocTpaHHbIX COTpy.n;HHKOB H 7rx>CCHHH - He MOCKBH'Y:eM He CMOrJIH nOJlY-

'Y:J'1 rb perHCTpaLlJ'1I0 no MeCTY )KHTeJIbCTBa B MOCKBe, Kffi'opaH Tpe6yeTcH
no 3aKOHY .n;JIH Ka:JK}J;OrO Haxo.n;HmerocR B I'Opoe OOJIee Tpex ,n;Hel1:.
.n. Y CTaB OT)J,C.l1CHIIH-3aHBUTc.l1H
34. YCTaB OT.n;eJIeHHH-3aHBHTeJIR, npHHHTbll.i 6 MaH 1992 ro,n;a, C H3Me-
HeHI1RMJ.1 H ,n;onOJIHeHHHMH OT 2 ceHTHopH 1997 roa, rJIaCHT:
naparpaqJ 1 - 06LQJlc nO.110mCmUI
«(1) PeJIHrH03Hoe oOoe.lI.HHeHHe «MOCKoBcKoe OT.n;eJIef-IHe ApMHI1 Cna-
ceHHH», HeKOMM:ep't.IeCKaR 6JIarOTBOpHTeJIbHaR opraHH3aqr,IH, 6bIJIa OCHO-
BaHa nepBblMH t.IJIef-Iam... C LleJIbIO HcnOBe.n;aHHH H pacnpoC'rpaHeHHH
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(2) IIepBbIMH 't.IJIeHaMJ1 HBJIHIOTCR YT.iaCTHHKJ1, nOMepJKHBalOI..W1e Kpe-
.n;o ApMHH CnaceHHR, npHBe.n;eHHoe B IIpHJIomeHl'IH...
(3) OT.n;eJIeHHe HBJIHe"rCR 'Y:aCTblO MeapoHot'1 peJIHrl103HOM opra-
HH3aLlJ-H1 ApMHH CnaceHHR H nO.lI,'Y:HHHeTCR eM.
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TIaparpaqJ 2 - U;eJIu, 3Mat.m U Qx>P!\'lb1 )J,CHTe.l1bHOCTU
«(1) 3a,n;a't.IaIDI Or.n;e..lJeHHH RBJIHeTCR pacnpoerpaHeHHe XpHCTJ.-IaHcKot'1
BepbI B coarBeTCTBI1I1 C peJIHrH03HbIM YT.ieHHeM, B KO'l'OpOe Bepwr, HcnOBe-
.n;yeT l'1 KOTOpoMY YT.il'1T Apl\lliR CnaceHHR, a TaK:JKe co.n;eMcTBHe npocBeme-
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35. CTaTbR 28 :ROHCTHTYLlHH pcp rapaHTHpyeT cB060.n;y BepoHcnoBe,n;a-
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0I1paTh, HMeTb H BbIpa:JKaTb peJIHrH03HbIe H HHbie yoeJKl1,eHHH l'1 BbIpa-
JKaTb HX Ha npaKTHKe.
36. era rbR 30 :ROHC rlrrYLlHH P4> npe.n;oc raBJIHeT KaJKl1,OMY npaBo Ha
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Ii 3aKoH «0 CBOOO,l\C COBCCTU U 0 pC.l1Ur1l03HblX 06'bC,D,IIHCHJ.lHX»
37. 1 OKTR6pR 1997 ro.n;a BCTynHJI B CH.rry 4>e,n;epaJIbHbu':'13aKoH «0 CBO-
6o.n;e COBeCTl1 H 0 peJIHrJ.103HbIX OO'beHHeHHHX» NQ 125-4>3 (.n;aJIee - «3a-
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peJIHfl'r03HbIX opraHH3aqr,It'I, C03.n;aHHbIX ,n;o BCTYlmeHHH B CHJIY 3aKoHa \0

o peJIl1rHJIX, ObIJIH npHBe,n;eHbI B COOTBeTCTBHe C 3aKOHOM 0 peJIl'1I11RX.
.D:o BHeCeHI1H H3MeHeHl'1t'1 YT.ipe,n;I1TeJIbHbIe ,n;OKYMeHTbI OCTalOTCH .n;et'ICTBY-
1O1MH B TOt'1 HX 'Y:aCTJ.-I, KOTopaR He npOTHBopet.urr 3aKOHY 0 peJIHrHHX.
39. CBOHM m1CbMOM 0'1' 27 .n;eKa6pH 1999 r. NQ 10766-CIO MHHIOCT pcp
YBe,n;OMJ1Jl TeppHTOpHaJIbHbIe opraHbI IOCTHLlHl'1 0 TOM, 'Y:TO 3aKOH 0 peJIH-
rHHX He yC'raHaBJIHBaeT oc060ro nopH.n;Ka nepeperl'1CTpaLlHI1 peJIl'1rH03HbIX
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,n;OJI:iKHbI npl'1BeCTl'1 CBOH yC'raBbI H HHbIe Y'Y:pe.n;HTeJIbHbIe ,n;oKYMeHTbI B co-
OTBeTCTBHe C 3aKOHOM 0 peJlJ'ITHHx. B 3TOt'1 CBH3H npoLle,n;ypy nepepenlcT-
paLlHl'1 CJIe.n;yeT pacCMaTpHBaTb KaK npoLle,n;ypy perl'1CTpaw-Il'1 H3MeHeHHH
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OTBeTCTBHH C n. 11 CT. 11 3aKoHa. IIYHKT 11 CT. 11 3aKOHa npe,n;ycMaTpH-
BaeT, 'Y:TO nopH,D;OK perJ.-lerpaLlHH 113MeHeHHt'1 H .n;onOJIHeHHt'1 B YCTaBe TO'Y:-
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paLlI1H npH HaJIHqHH OCHOBaIDlli ,n;JIR ee JIHKBH,n;aqr,m HJIH 3anpeTa Ha ,n;eH-
TeJIhHOCTb peJIUrl103HOi1: opraHH3a'il1, onHcaHHbIX B 2 CT. 14 3aKoHa,
a HMeHHO:
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- .n;ei1:cTBHH, HanpaBJIeHHble Ha HaCHJIhCTBeHHOe H3MeHeHHe OCHOB
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- npOnaraH.n;a BOMHbI. pa3:JKl'lraHHe COLlHaJIbHOI1:, paCOBOI1:, HaLlHOHaJIb-
HOt'1 H.JlltI peJll1rH03Hoi'l p03HH, 'Y:eJIOBeKOHeHaBHCTHH"lIeCTBa;
- npHHY:iK,lJ;eHHe K pa3pyrneHHIO CeMbH;
- nOCRra TeJIbCTBO Ha JIH'Y:HOCTb, npaBa H CB060l1.bI rpaJKl1,a H;
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- HaHeCeHHe YCTaHOBJIeHHoro B COOTBeTCTBHH C 3aKOHOM ymepoa
HpaBCTBeHHOCTH, 3,n;OpOBbIO rpamaH, B TOM QHCJIe HCnO..'1b30BaHHeM
B CBR311 C HX peJIHfl103HOM .n;eHTeJIbHOCTblO HapKOI'WiecKHX H nCHxarpon-
HblX cpe,n;CTB, fHnH03a, COBeprneHHeM pa3BpaTHbIX H HHblX npoTJ.-IBOnpaB-
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OT OKa3aIDIH Me.n;HLlHHCKOH: nOMO1 ID1LlaM, Haxo.n;1MCH B onaCHOM .n;JUI
jIG13HH H 3OpOBbH COCTOHlum;
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- npHHY:iK,lJ;eHHe 'Y:JIeHOB H nOCJIe.n;OBaTeJIet'1 peJIHrI103HOro 06'be;J,HHe-
CU'IH H HHblX ..1J'ILl K OT'Y:YjIemIIO npHf-Ia,n;JIe:iRamero HM HMyr.u;eCTBa B nO..'1b-
3Y peJIl1r1103HOro 06'be,n,HHeHI1R;
- BocnpenHTCTBOBaHJ'le yrp03011: npH'Y:HHeHHH Bpe.n;a jIGI3HH, 3,n;OpO-
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HJIH npHMeHeIDIH HaCHJIhCTBeHHoro B03.n;eJ1:CTBl'1R, ,n;pyrHMH npoTJ'lBOnpaB-
HbIMH .n;eMCTBl'IHMH BbIXO.n;y rpa:JK,D;aHHHa H3 peIDIrH03HOro 06'be,n;l'1HeIDIH;
- n06YjIeHHe rpa:iK,[{aH K OTKa3Y OT HCnOJIHeHHR YC-ffiHOBJIeHHbIX 3a-
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44. CTaTbR 27.4 3aKoHa 0 pe..'1HrHHX B nepBoHa'Y:aJIbH0I1 PMYJII'lpoB-
Ke 1997 ro,n;a Tpe60BaJIa, 'Y:T06bI nepepenlcTpaLlHH 6bIJIa npot'l,n;eHa He no-
3,n,Hee 31 ,n;eKa6pH 1999 ro,n,a BnOCJIe,n;cTBHH B 3TO nOJIOmeHHe 6bIJIa BHece-
Ha nOnpaBKa, H CpOK 6bIJI npo,n;JIeH .n;o 31 ,n,eKa6pH 2000 ro.n;a. ITo HC're'Y:em-IU
YI'La3aHIiOro CpOKa peJIHrH03HbIe OpraHl'I3a1H, He nporne,n;llIHe nepeperH-
CTpaLlHIO, MorYT ObITb IDIKBH.n;l'1pOBaHbI B cy.n;eOHOM nopMKe no 06pame-
HHIO opraf-Ia, ocymeCTBJIRIOmero rocy.n;apCTBeHHyIO perl'1CTpaLll'1IO.
B. nOpSlAOK rOCYAapCTseHHOH perMCTpa4MM IOpMAMLleCKMX nM4
45. 1 HIOJIH 2002 ro,n;a BCTynHJI B CH.rry HOBbIM cpe.n;epaJIbHbIt'I 3aKOH 0 ro-
cy,n;apCTBeHHoM perl'1CTpaLlHH IOpH)J;I1't.leCKJ1X JIHLl (NQ 129-4>3, 8 aBrycTa
2001 I'O,n;a). <PyHKLlHH no ocyr.u;eCTBJIeHvU11O perl1cTpaLlHH IOpH,L{H'Y:ecKVlx
ID1LlObIJIa nepe,n,aHa MJ-IHHcTepcTBY no HaJIOraM H c60paM POCCl'1t'ICKOt'I 4>e- l'-
.n;epaLlJ.-fitI, KOTopoe ,n;OJIjKHO ObIJIO B Te'Y:eHHe 6 MeCHeB npHHHTb cnHCKH \0

H ,n;OKYMeHTbI 3aperHC'1 pHpOBaHHbIX IOpH,lJ,H't.IeCKHX JIHLl Y Oprm'IOB, paHee
ocymeCTBJUIBrnHX q)YHKLlHIO roCYl1.apCTBeHHOH perJ.-ICTpaLlHH IOpH.n;H'Y:eC-
KJ1X JII1Ll, H BHeCTI1 31'11 ,n;aHHbIe B E.lI.HHbIl1: rocy,n;apCTBeHHbIl1: peeCTp IOpH-
,n;H't.IeCKl'1X JIJ.ILl (ITOCTaHOBJIeHl'1H npaBI1TeJIbCTBa pcp NQ 319 0'1' 1 7 MaH
2002 r., a TaJOH:e 1! 438 H 441 OT 19 HIOHH 2002 r.).
f. Upc.u;cTaBuTc..TJbCTBa UHOCTpaHHbIX pCJmn103HbIX opraHU3aQllii
46. IToeraHOBJIeHHeM ITpaBI1TeJIbCTBa pcp 0'1' 2 q)eBpaJiR 1998 r. NQ 130
,..
ObIJI YTBepJK,[{eH nOpHlJ,OK perHcTpaLll'lH npe,n;cTaBHTeJIbCTB HHocTpaHHbIX
peJIHrM03HbIX opram'l3a'Iii CorJIaCHO IIOCTaHOBJIem.uo HHOcrpaHHOi-i peJIH-
rJ.-I03HOJ1: Opf"dHl'13aLll'1eH: HMeHyeTCR opraIm3a1H, C03)J;am-IaH 3a npe,n;eJIaMJ1
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Horo rocy,n;apCTBa (n. 2). IIpe)J;cTaBHTeJIbcTBO I1HocTpaHHoM peJIHrH03HOM
opraHH3aLlHl'1 He HBJIHeTCH IOpHLf.I'I't.IeCKHM JIHLlOM (n. 3) H He MOJKeT 3aHJ1-
MaTbCR KYJIbTOBOI1: H vIHOM peJIHrH03HOM ,n;eHTeJIbHOCTblO (11 5).
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47. OT'Y:eT RoMJ1TeTa no C06JIIOl1.eHl'110 06H3aTeJIhCTB erpaHaJl.fi'I - tfJIe-
HaMH COBeTa EBponbI (Ha6JIIO,n;aTeJIbHbIl[ KOMHTeT, AOK 9396, 26 MapTa
2002 r.) 0 COOJllO,n;eHHH pcp OOH3aTeJIbCTB B OTHOCHmet'ICH K .n;eJIY 'Y:dCTI1 YT-
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HcnOBe.n;aHJ1R (CT. 28); paBeHcTBo peJIJ1rH03HbIX OO'be)J;HHemlll nepe,n; 3aKO-
HOM H OT.n;eJIeHHe epKBH OT I'Ocy.n;apCTBa (CT. 14); H npe.n;oeraBJIReT 3aml'1-
TY OT .n;HCKpHMHHaLlHH no npH3HaKY peJIHrHH (CT. 19). 3aKOH 0 cB060,n;e
Bepol'1CnoBe)J;aHJ'IH, npHHHTbrl'1 B .n;eKa6pe 1990 r., npHBeJi K 3Ha'Y:l'1TeJIbHO-
MY B03pOJK,lJ;eHJ11O peJIHfl103HOH ,n;eRTeJIbHOCTH B POCCl'1I1. IIo MHeHl'110 pe-
JIHrI103HbIX opraHH3aLlHM B MOCKBe, 3TOT 3aKOH OTKpbIJI HOByIO 3Py H npH-
BeJI K B03pOJK,[{eHHIO LlepKBet'1. OH 6bIJI 3aMeHeH 26 CeHTROpR 1997 r. HOBbIM
CPe,n;epaJIbHbIM 3aKOHOM 0 CBOOo,lI,e COBeCTH l'1 0 peJIHrH03HbIX 06'be,n;HHeHl'1-
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npJtIHLll'1nOM paBeHCTBa peJIHrJ.-u'1:.
96. ...B cpeBpaJIe 2001 r. YnOJlliOMo't.IeHHbIM no npaBaM 'Y:eJIOBeKa OJIer
MHpOHOB TalOKe npH3HaJl, 'Y:TO MHOrl'1e CTaTbH 3aKOHa 1997 r. 0 cB060,n;e
COBeCTH H 0 peJIHrl103HbIX 06'be.n;HHeHl1RX He COOTBeTCTByIOT MeJK,lJ;YHa-
pOl1.HbIM OOH3aTeJIhCTBaM POCCHH no npaBaM 't.IeJIOBeKa. ITo era MHeHJ11O,
HeKOTOpbIe H3 ero nOJ10meHHt'1 npHBeJIl'1 K .n;HCKpHMJ'lHaLlHH npOTHB pa3-
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pHH POCCHH H B pa3BHTI1H ee )J;YXOBHOCTH l'1 KYJIbTypbI" 11 YBa}JffieT "XpI1C-
CO THaHCTBO, HCJIaM, OYMH3M, Hy,n;aH3M 11 .n;pyrne peJll1rHH, HBJImoIlHecH 'Y:a-
\0 CThIO HCTOpl1T.ieCKoro HaCJIe.n;HH Hapo)J;oB Pocclm".

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npHMeHeHHe 3aKOHa 0 CBooo,n;e COBeCTI1 H 0 peJIHrH03HbIX OO'be,n;HHeHI1HX,
peJIHrH03HbIe OpraHl'13aLll'1H, C03,n;aHHble .n;o BCTYIIJIeHHR 3aKOHa B CHJIY
(26 ceHTH6pH 1997 r.), ,n;OJIiKHbI 6bIJIH nepeperl'1CTpl1pOBaTbcR,n;o 31 ,n;eKa-
OpH 2000 r.
99. IIpoLlecc perHcTpaLlI1H 6bIJI OKOH'Y:aTeJIbHO 3aBeprneH 1 HHBapH
2001 r., T.K rocy.n;apcTBeHHaH )J;YMa peIID1JIa ,D;BaJK.ZI:bI npO)];JIHTb efpoK.
OKOJIO 12 TbIC. peJIHrH03HbIX OpraHH3aLlHt'1 H rpynn 6bIJIH 3aperHcTpHpO-
BaHbI, H TOJlliKO 200 ObIJIO OTlffi3aHO B perl1CTpaLlHH, OOJIblIDlHCTBY - H3-3a
Henpe,n;CTaBJIeHl'1H nOJIHOrO naKeTa ,n;OKYMeHTOB. MHorJ1e .n.pyrHe no PHl1.y
npI1'Y:HH nOJIyqJ1Tb perHCTpaLlHIO He CMOrJIH. MHHHCTp IOCTJtILlHH r-H "llat'IKa
pe3KO OTBepr YTBep:JK,D;emm, qTO npaBOCJIaBf-IaH LlepKOBb OKa3bIBaJia .n;aB-
JIeHHe Ha MJ1HHCTepCTBO, 'Y:T06bI OHO He perHCTpHpOBaJIO HeKOTopbIe peJIH-
rl'103HbIe opraHH3aLlHl'1. r -H "llat'IKa TaIOKe YI"a3aJI, 'Y:TO 3Kcnep'I'bI MHHHC-
TepCTBa TmaTeJIbHO H3YT.iI1JIH CTaTYC ApMHH CnaceHHH H CBJ1.n.eTeJIet'l
J1eroBbI H npHrnJIH K 3aKJIIO'Y:eHl'1IO, 'Y:TO HH'Y:TO He npemITCTByeT I'D{ penlC-
TpaLlHH Ha q)e,n;epaJIbHOM ypoBHe.
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npl1ll17IOCb nO'IpaTl'ITb ,n;eCHTKH TbICH'Y: ,n;OJIJIapoB B Cy,n;e6HOM 60pb6e 3a pe-
rHCTpa11O, a KaTOJIH"tfeCKaH LlepKOBb (a TalOKe H l'1Yl1.eMCKaH 06I..W1Ha) HC-
nbITbIBaJia Tpy,n;HOCTH B nOJIyqef-I11H BH3)];JIH l1HOCTpaHHbIx CBHmeHHocJ1Y-
JKHTeJIeM. HeKoTopbIe .n;pynle peJIHrH03HbIe opraHH3aLlHl'1 TaIOKe
HCnbITbIBaJiH npenHTCTBHH B perHCTpaLlHl'1 Ha MeCTI-IOM ypoBHe: a):\BeHTH-
CTbI, nRTI1)J;eCHTHHKJ1, 6anTI1CThI, eBaHreJIbCKaH LlepKOBb H ,n;pyrHe LlepKBH
B 'Y:aCTHOCTI-l, B TaTapcTaHe, POCTOBCKOt'1 H BJIa.n;H:MHpcKOM OOJI. 3TH peJIH-
rH03HbIe opraHH3aLlHH TaIOKe :JKaJIOBaJIHCb Ha cepbe3HbIe TPY,D,HOCTH
B npl'100peTemm H CTpOHTeJlliCTBe MOJIl'1TBeHHbIX .n;OMOB HJIl'1 B B03Bpame-
HJ1I1 KOHcpHCKOBaHHOH c06CTBeHHOCTH. HeKOTopbIe H3 Hl1X - Hanp., !1CTJtIH-
HO npaBOCJIaBHaR LlepKOBb, COlO3 eBaHreJIbCKI1X Xpl'1CTl1aH-nHTJ-1,D;eCHnm-
KOB - YTBepm,n;aJIH, 't.ITO HcnbITbIBalOT npeCJIe,n;OBaHHH co CTOpOHbI
BJIaCTeM.
10 1. .D:eMcTBI1TeJIbHO, HMeJIH MeCTO CJIyqaH, Kor,n;a, ,n;ame eCJIH peJIl1rl1-
03HaR opraHH3aLlHH 3aperHCTpHpOBaHa Ha cpe.n;epaJIbHOM ypOBHe, MeCT-
HbIe BJIaCTl'1 'Y:HIDlJIH HM npenHTCTBHH...
103. XOTR 22 cpeBpaJIH 2001 r. pOCcHMcKoe MJ1HHcTepcTBo IOCTHLll'1H
HaKoHeLl3apenlCTpl1pOBaJIO ApMJ110 CnaceHHR B POCCHH Ha cpe.n.epaJIbHOM
ypoBHe, ynpaBJIeIDleM IOCTHLlHH no MocKBe MOCKOBCKOMY OT,n;eJIeIDIJO
B perHcTpaLlHH nOCTOHHHO OTKa3bIBaJIOCb, H oopaeHHH B pa3JIH'Y:HbIe cy-
.n;bI He YBeH't.IaJIHCb ycneXOM. BOJIee TOro, B anpeJIe 2001 r. 6bL7Ia Ha'Y:aTa
npoLle.n;ypa JIHKBH.n;aLlI1H C LleJiblO 3aKpbITHJI OT,n;eJIeHHH ApMl'1H CnacemlH
H ee COLlHaJlliHbIX nporpaMM B MocKBe, a 11 ceHTHopH 2001 r. TaraHcKHti 0\
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KI1X ID1Ll, He nporne,n;lIDIX nepeperHcTpaLlHIO,n;o 31 .n;eKa6pH 2000 r.)
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TI1Tb ,n,eHTeJIbHOCTb ApMI1H CnaceHHH B MocKBe, H OHH 6bl 6b1JIH o't.IeHb
oJIaro,n,apHbI POCCHt'ICKHM BJIaCTH..'1 3a pa3'bRCHeIDIH no 3TOMY Bonpocy.
B 3TOI:i CBH3H OHH CCbL7IaIOTCH Ha npH3blB RaOJIlO,n,aTe..lJbHOI'O KOMI1TeTa
K POCCHH 0'1' 6 ceHTHopH 2001 r. ooecne'Y:HTb, 'Y:TOObI Apl\lliR CnaceHHR
nOJIb30BaJIaCb TeMH me npaBaMH, KaKl'1MH OHa 06JIa,n;aeT B .n;pyrHx cTpaHax
COBeTa EBponbI, BKJIIO'Y:aH npaBo Ha nepeperHcTpaLlHIO B MOCKBe. Bo Bpe-
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MO:iKHOCTH nO.n;'Y:epKHYTh Heooxo,n;HMOCTh pernemm H nOTeHLll1aJIbHble He-
npl'IHTHOCTH, KO'ropbIe 3Ta npo6.rreIa MOmeT nplffi1ID1Tb POCCHI1».
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.n;epaLlVleM, npHHHTaH IIapJIaMemcKOM accaM6JIeei1 COBeTa EBpoIIbl23 anpe-
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B BbillOJIHeHHH KOTOpbIX nporpecc OCTaeTCH He,n;OCTaTO'Y:HbIM 1-'1 cooJIIOl1.e-
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TeJIH:MH J/leroBbI B MocKBe, HO npHBeTCTByeT pellleHHe pOCCl'H1:CKl1X BJIac-
TeM ooecne'Y:J1Tb npeKpameIDle np06JIeM C peJIHrH03HbIM npeCJIe.n;oBaHHeM
H .n;HcKpHMJ.maLlVleM Ha MeCTax npOTHB 3THX oprmU13aW-1M;...».
49. B Pe30JI10LlVIH 1278 (2002) 0 pOCCI1MCKOM 3aKOHe 0 peJIHrHH, npI1HH-
TOM IIap.J1aMeHTCKot'1 aCCaMOJleei1 COBeTa EBponbI 23 anpeJIH 2002 r., OTMe-
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1997 ro,n;a, ynpa3,n;HHB 11 3aMeHHB 3aKOH OT 1990 rol1.a, KOTOpbll.i B LleJIOM
xapaKTepl'130BaJiCH KaK BeCbMa JIHOepaJIbHbIl1:. BbICKa3blBaJIaCb onpe,n,e-
,..
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TI1KH ero npI1MeHeHHH. PerneHHH RoHCTl'1TYLlHOHHOro Cy.n;a POCCHMCKOt'1
4>e,n;epaLlHH OT 23 HOH6pH 1999 ro,n,a, 13 anpeJIH 2000 ro,n;a H 7 cpeBpaJUI
2002 ro.n;a, a TalOKe nepeperJ.-ICTpaLlHH peJIJ.-ITJ103HbIX OO'be,n;HHeIDrn Ha cpe-
,n;epaJIbHOM ypoBHe, ycnelill-IO 3aBeprneHHaH :MJ1Hl'1CTepCTBoM IOCTHLll'1H 1
HHBa pR 2001 ro.n;a, cnocoOCTBOBaJIH perneHHIO JIHllIb HeKoTOpbIX H3 3THX
np06JIeM. O.n;f-IaKO OCTalOTCH ,n;pYrJ.-le npoOJIeMbl...
5. RpoMe Toro, HeKOTopbIe MeCTHhIe H perl10HaJIbHbIe no,n;pa3.n;eJIeHHR
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.n;epaJIbHOM ypoBHe. MJ.IHHcTepCTBO IOCTHLlHH PocCJttH, Cy.n;H no BceMY,
He B COCTOHHHH KOHTpoJIHpOBaTb 3TH MeCTHbie H perJlOHaJlhHble no,n;pa3l1.e-
JIeHHH B COOTBeTCTBHH C npHHlIIOM BepXOBeHCTBa 3aKOHa, npe.n;nO't.U1TaH,

  
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rpa:JK,D;aH B ,n;eMOKpanl'Y:eCKI1X npOLleccax B 60JIbrnoi-i CTeneHJ1.n;OCTHraeTCH
 
OJIaro,n;apH VIX npvIHa,n;JIe:iKHOCTVI K OO'he,n;HHeHHHM, B KOTOpbIX OHJ1 MOryT
06'he,n;J1IDITbCH J1 BMeCTe .n;OCTVIraTb 06I..l.1;He LleJiH (CM. ,n;eJIO fopJlCe.fl,U'K
u dpyzue npomue JIOA'bmU [ GC ], NQ 44158/98, 92, 17 q)eBpaJIH 2004).
61. IIpaBo rocy,n,apcTBa 3aI..l.l;HrqaTb CBOH HHCTVITYTbI H rpa:JK,D;aH 0'1'
06'he,n;J1HeHJ1I1:, MorIX nO.n;BepmYTb J1X onaCHOCTJtl, .n;OJI:iKHO VIcnOJIb30-
BaTbCH 6epemHo, nOCKOJIbKY J1CKJIIO'Y:eIDIH VI3 npaBl'lJIa 0 cB06o,n;e 06'he,n;J1-
HeHHH .n;OJImHbI TOJIKOBaTbCH O'leHb TO'lHO, H TOJIbl\O y6e,n,VITeJIbHbIe VI Heo-
npoBepmVIMbIe .n;OBO.n;bI MorYT onpaB.n;aTh OrpaHll'Y:eHHe 3TOM CBOOO,n;bL
JII060e BMernaTeJIbCTBO ,n;OJI:JKHO OTBe'Y:aTh «HacroHTeJIbHoi-i COLlHaJIbHoi-i
He06xo,n,HMOCTV1»; TaKHM oopa30M, nOHHTHe «Heooxo,n,VIMbn";'!» He 06JIa,n,aeT
fi'IoKOCTbIO TaKHX BbIpamemli-i, KaK «LleJIecoo6pa3HbIl"b> HJIH «JKeJIaTeJIb-
HbIJ.....l» (CM. ,n;eJIO fopJlCe.fl,UKa, 94-95, C nOCJIe,n;y1O1MVI CCbIJIKaMJ1).
3anBlITeJlb KaK «mePTml» 3anB.lIellllblX naprllIelulIl
62. COrJIaCHO 3aHBJIeHVIlO npaBJ1TeJIbCTBa, nOCKOJIbKY OT.n;eJIemle-3a-
HBHTeJIb He ObIJIO JIHImVI,lJ;I'lpOBaHO H COXpaHVIJIO CTaTYC IOpI'I.n;lll'Y:eCKoro ..1H-
u;a, TO mmaKoro HapyrnemIH npaB 3aJIBHTeJIH, 3aKpenJIeHHbIX B KOHBeH-
LlHH, He HMeJIO Mecra. A 3Ha'Y:vIT, 3aHBJ1TeJIb He MomeT npeTeH)J;OBaTb Ha
CTaTYC «mepTBbI» KaKHX-JIHOO HapyrneIDll";'L
63. Cy,n; He pa3,n;e.JIHeT MHeHHH npaBJ.-ITeJIbcrBa. CorJIaCHO HeH3MeHHOMY
nooW{o,n;y, J1cn0JIb3YeM0MY opraHaMH KoHBefi1, CJIOBO «mepTBa» o6ooHa'Y:aeT
JIHLlO, HenOCpeJJ;CTBeHHO nO.n;Beprnyroe BJIJ1.HHVIIO .n;et'ICTBHH HJIH oe3,n;el1:CTBHH,
HBJUIIOeecH IIpe,u;MeTOM cnopa (eM. ,n,eJIO Map'KC npomUB BeAozuu, nOCTaHOB-
JIelme OT 131'fiOHH 1979 r., cepvIH A NQ 31, 27 , H ,n;eJIO /l,aiJ:.HC€1-t (Dudgeon) npo-
mU6 CoeaU1-te1-t1WZO Kopo.fLe6cm8a, nOCTaHOBJIeIDIe OT 22 OKTOOpH 1981, ce- It\
pHH A, NQ 45, 41). B .n;aHHOM ,n;eJIe 3aHBHTeJIb :JKaJIYeTCH Ha TO, 1.fI'O eYf'j 6bIJIO l'-

\0
l'-
OTKa3aHO B nepepernCOrpaLll:fH BCJIe,n;CTBHe npe,D;IIOJIOmH'reJIbHO IIpoH3BOJ1bHo-
ro TOJIKOBaHHH Tpe60BaID/n1 3aKoHa 0 pe.mmmx. EeccnopHO, afKa3 B nepepe-
rJ.-ICTpaLll:fH HenOCpe.n;CTBeHHO 3aTponyJI IOpH,IJ;l1'Y:ecKl1J':'1 CTaryc 3aHBHTeJI.H.
64. IIo-BH,n;HMOMY, npaBHTeJIbCTBO C'Y:HTaeT, 'tfI'0 3TOT OTKa3 He nOBpe-
,lJ;J1JI OT,n,eJIeHJ'liO-3aHBJ1TeJIIO. Cy HanOMJ1HaeT B 3'1'011: CBH3H, 'Y:TO HaJIH'Y:J1e
HapyrneHJ1H B03MO:iKH0 ,n,aJKe B OTCYTCTBHH HaHeceHHH ep6a HJIH Bpe.n;a;
BOnpOC 0 TOM, obIJI JIH 3aHBHTeJIb .n;eH:CTBHTeJIbHO nOCTaBJIeH B HeOJIaro-
npi'IHTHOe nOJIOmeHVle, He HMeeT OTHOllleHHH K CYIl(eCTBY CT. 34 KoHBeH-
LlHH. Bonpoc npH'Y:HHeHHH Bpe,n;a CTaHOBHTCH aKTyaJIbHbIM JIHllIb B KOHTeK-
CTe cor. 41 (CM, Cpe,n;H npo'Y:J1X HCTO'Y:mIKOB, ,n;eJIa Map'KCa B LlHTJ1poBaHHoM
oTpblBKe, OK/l£ npomUB fepMa1-tUU, nOCTaHOBJIeime OT 15 mOM 1982 r., cepHH
A, NQ 51, 66; BaCCliuK npomUB HuaepJW:1iOo6, nOCTaHOBJIeHHe 0'1' 27 ceHTH-
6pH 1990, cepHH A NQ 185-A. 38).
65. .D:aJIee, npaBHTeJIbCTBO, cY)J;H no BceMY, YTBepJK,D;aeT, 'Y:TO BHeCeHJ1e
3aHBJ-ITeJIH B EfPIOJI B oKTHope 2002 ro,n;a CBeJIO Ha HeT Bce He6JIaronpH-
HTHbIe nOCJIe,qCTBHH npe,n,rnecTByIO1X pa30HpaTeJIbCTB no Bonpocy
o JIHKBJ1aLlHH 3a.flBHTeJI.H. B 3'1'011: CBH3H Cy,n; HanOMHHaeT, 'Y:TO perneHJ1e
".
HJIH Mepa, OJiarOnpHHTHaH .n;JIH 3a.HBHTeJUI, B npHHLlIllle He HBJIHIOTCH ,n,o-
eraTO'Y:HbIMH )];JIH JIHrneHVIH ero cTaTyca «mep rBbI», ec..1H TOJ1bKO BJIaCTH
CTpaHbI He npH3HaJIH HapyrneHJ/IH KOHBeHLlHH, npHMO HJIH no cyr.u;eCTBY,
H 3aTeM npeiWCTaBHJIH B03MemeHHe 3a HMeBwee MeCTO HapyrneHHe (CM.
,n;eJIO Afityp npomue cPpa1-t1{.uu, nOCTaHOBJIeHVle 0'1' 25 HIOHH 1996 r., C60p-
HHK perneHl / ll1: H nOCTaHOBJIeHHH 1996, III , CTp. 846, 36, H ,qeJIO /l,M6a1i
npomue Py.M'bt1iUU [ GC ], NQ 28114/95, 44, ECHR 1999, VI). B ,n;aHHOM
cJIYT.iae &1aCTYI CTpaHbI He npH3Ha.: r m, 'Y:I'O OTKa3 B nepeperJ.-ICTpaLlHl1 npe,n;-
CTaBJIHeT c06011: HapyrneIDle npaB 3aHBHTeJIH, 3aKpenJIeHHbIX B RoHBeH-
LlHH. KCTaTYl, cy,n;eOHbIe perneHJ/IH, OCTaBYIBrnHe B CHJIe OTKa3 B nepeperH-
C'I'paLlHH, He 6bIJIH OTMeHeHbI H OCTalOTCH B CHJIe no cei1 ,n;eHb. PellleHHH me
RmrCTJITYLlI10IIHoro Cya H TaraHcKoro paJ1:mmoro cy,n,a, fIa KOTopbIe CCbI-
JIaeTCH npaBHTeJIbCTBO, KaCalOTCH Jil'IllIb np0J13Bo.n;CTBa no ,n;eJIY 0 Jil'IKBH-
,n;aLlHH OT,n;eJIeHJ1H-3aHBHTeJUI H He npe.n;CTaBJIHJIH HHKaKoro 3Ha'Y:eHHH.n;JUI
HCKa 3aHBHTeJIH no Bonpocy nepeperHCTpaLlHH.
66. 1/13 perJ.-ICTpaLlJ-IOHHOI1: 3anHCH, npe,n;CTaBJIeHHOM npaBYITeJIbCTBOM,
BH.n;HO, 'Y:TO 3anHCH, KaCalOleCH OT,n,eJIeHHH-3aHBHTeJIH, ObIJIH c,n;eJIaHbI
«B CBH3H C BHeceHHeM HHcpopMaLlJ1H B EfPIOJI» (CTpOKa 263) H nOCJIe «no-
crynJIeHVIH perHCTpaLll'IOHHblX ,n,aHHbIX 0'1' ,n;pyroro opraHa perJ.-lcTpaLll1H»
(CTpOKa 289).31'0 03Ha'Y:aeT, 'Y:TO BHeceHHe ,n;aHHbIX 06 0'I')J;eJIeHHH-3aHBJ1-
TeJIe 6bIJIO BCeLleJIO CBH3aHO C BBe,n,eHHeM HOBOro peecTpa (a J1MeHHO, Ef-
PIOJI) H C nepe,n;a'Y:efi nOJIHOMo'Y:HH: no ocyeCTBJIeHHIO rocy.n;apCTBeHHOfi
perJ1CTpaLlHH 0'1' O,n,HOro opraHa .n;pyroMY BCJIe.n; 3a BBe.n;eHVleM HOBOro no-
pH.n;Ka perJ.-IcTpaLlJ1J1lOpJ1l1.H'Y:ecKHx JU/ILl (CM. n. 45 BbIllIe). B cBoeM aneJIJUI-
LlJ-IOHHOM JKaJIooe YIO MOCKBbI (opraH, ynOJIHOMO'Y:eHHbIJ1: ocyeCTBJlHTb

perJ1C rpa:uvno peJIHrH03HbIX Oo'"be,n;HHeHlIl1:) npHMO YKa3aJIO, 'Y:TO BHeCeHl1e
3THX ,n;aHHble B peeCTp He HBJIHeTCH «nepeperHCTpaLlHeM» no CMbICJIY 3a-
KOHa 0 peJll1rHHX (CM. n. 27 Bblllle).
67. Cy,n, TalOle OTMe'Y:aeT, 'Y:TO ,n,o 1 OKTHOpH 2002 ro.n;a npaBHTeJIbCTBO
He ,n;eJIaJIO HHKaKl1X KOMMeHTapVIeB no nOBO.n;y IOpH,n,H'Y:eCKoro cTaTyca 3a-
HBJ1TeJIH. O,n;HaKO q)aKTbI nOKa3bmalOT, H 3'1'0 He ocnapvIBaeT HH o,n,Ha J13
CTOpOH, 'Y:TO CTaTYC IOpH,II;H'Y:eCKoro JIH:ua 3aHBVITeJIH ObIJI IOpJ1.n;H'Y:eCKH OT-
MeHeH KaK MHHl/IMYM Ha'Y:HHaH C 6 .n;eKa6pH 2001 ro.n;a, Kor,na MOCKOBCKHfl
ropo.n:cKOH: cy.n; nOCTaHOBVIJI JIHKBHl1.HpOBaTb OTl1.eJleHHe-3aHBVITeJIH B CBH-
3J1 C Henpoxom.n;eHHeM nepeperJtlcTpaLlHJ1, H BnJIOTb.n;o 1 aBrycTa 2002 ro-
,n;a, Kor.n;a 3'1'0 perneHVIe 6bIJIO OTMeHeHO B nOpH,D;Ke Ha,n;30pa.
68. HaKOHe .n:OBOl1. npaBl1TeJIbCTBa 0 TOM, 'Y:TO 3aHBJ.-rreJIb He HBJIHeTCH
u 
<OKepTBOVI» nOTOMY, 'Y:TO OH :\10meT BHOBb OOpaTItITbCH C 3aHBJIem1eM 0 nepepe-

Il1CTpaqItll'l, caM roBOpHT IIpOTHB ceOH, nOCKOJIbKY OH TQJIbKO no.n;rBepJK',lJ;aeT,
'Y:TO 3aHBHTeJIIO ,n;o CHX nop 0TKa3aHO B nepepenlCTpa1VL B JII060M c.rryqae,
npaBHTeJIbCTBO He :yKa3aJI0, Ha OCHOBaHl1J1 KaKHX nOJIomemlfi 3aKOHa 3aHBVI-
TeJlb MOJKeT B HaCTOHmee BpeMH 06paTJtITbcH C 3aHBJIeHVIeM 0 nepeperHCTpa-
QIDl, Kor,n;a COBeprneHHO O'Y:eBH,lI;HO, tfI'O TaRDe 06pameHVIe 6y.n;eT 3aII03,n;aJIbIM
BBJ.-J,[(y TOro, T.iTO CpoK,lI)lfl nepepeIYICTpa:UHH MCTeK 31 ,n;eKa6pH 2000 ro,n;a.
69. Y'Y:HTbmaH YKa3aHHble Bblrne coo6pameHVIH, Cy.n; npH3HaeT, 'Y:TO 3a-
HBHTeJIb MomeT «3aHBJIHTb» 0 cTaTyce «mepTBbI» 06:ma.rryeMbIX Hapyrne-
mll1:. ,lLJm Toro 'Y:T06bI onpe,n,eJIHTb, CTaJI JIH 3aHBHTeJIb .n;eH:CTBHTeJIbHO
JKepTBOM, He06xol1.HMO HCCJIe,n,OBaTh ,n;OBOl-I;b13aHBvlTeJIH no cecTBY.
HaJIlI'DIc BI\'ICllIaTCJIbCT&1 B npa&1 3UIBIITCJIH
70. B CBeTe 06HX npvIH:UvIIIOB, VI3JIOJKeHHbIX Bblrne, B03MOJKHOCTb 06-
pa30BbIBaTb cy6'"beKTbI npaBa .n;JUI TOro, 'Y:T06bI ,n;eH:CTBOBaTb co06a B 06-
JIaCTH OoI..l.I;HX HHTepecoB, HBJIHeTC.H O,n;HKl\1 VI3 Ba:;KHeMrnHX acneKTOB npa-
Ba Ha cB060,n;y 06'beW / IHeHHH. oe3 KOTOpOro 31'0 npaBO 6bIJIO ObI JIHrneHO
BCHKOro CMbICJIa. Cy.n; Bcer,na npVIepJKHBaJICH MHeHVI.H, 'Y:TO OTKa3 HaLlVIO-
HaJIbHbIX BJiaCTeM npe,n;OCTaBJtITb Oo'"be,n;HHeHJ / IIO rpaml1.aH CTaTYC IOpH.n;H-
'Y:eCKoro JIHLla paBHOCHJIeH BocnpeIIHTCTBoBaHvno ocyr.u;eCTBJIeHHIO npaBa
3aHBHTeJIei-i Ha CB060.n;y 06'he,n;vIHeHVIH (CM. ,n;eJIO fopJICeJtu'Ka, 52, VI .n;eJIO
CuauponYJloca, 31, B pa3HbIX MeCTax). Kor,na Bonpoc KaCaeTCH opraHVI3a-

qItIH peJIl'IrVI03Horo OO'be,n;HHeHJ1H, OTKa3 npH3HaTb ero TalOKe npe,n;CTaBJIH-
€'I' BMernaTeJIbCTBO B npaBO 3aHBHTeJIeH: Ha CBOOO,n;y BepOHcnOBe.n;aHHH
B COOTBeTCTBJ1J1 CO CT. 9 KoHBeHLlVIVI (CM. ,n;eJIO Beccapa6c'KaJl MumpOnOAWt
u apY2ue npomUB MO.f/.aOBbt, 105). IIpaBo BepYIO1X Ha CBOOO,ny BepOHC-
nOBe,n;aHHH 3aKJIIO'Y:aeT B ce6e O)KJ1aHHe Toro, 'Y:TO oOIHe 6y,n;eT n03BOJIe-
HO MI1pHO pa60TaTb, He VIcnbITbIBaH npOH3BOJIbHOro BMernaTeJIbCTBa CO
CTOpOHbl rocy.n;apCTBa (,n;eJIO Xacw-t u LJaym npomU8 BO./lZapuu [ GC], l'-
NQ 30985/96, 62, ECHR 2000, XI). l'-

co
l'-
71. Cy,n OTMe'Y:aeT, 'Y:TO B 1997 ro.n;y npaBWreJIbC l'BO-OTBeT'Y:HK npHHHJIO
HOBbIJ1: 3aKoH 0 peJIJ1rHHX, Tpe6oBaBrnHi-i 0'1' Bcex paHee 3aperJtlcTpHpoBaH-
HbIX peJiHIVI03HbIX OpraHJ13aLll1i1 npHBecTH CBOVI YCTaBbI B COOTBeTCTBJ1e
C HOBbIM 3aKoHoM H «nepeperHcTpHpoBa Th» 11X B Te'Y:eHHe onpe,n;eJIeHHOrO
cpoKa (CM. n. 38 H 44 BbIllIe). IIopH.n;oK «nepeperHcTpaLlHH» 6bIJI TO"LfiIO Ta-
KHM me, KaK VI VIcxo.n;HaH npoLle,n;ypa perVICTpaLlHH peJIHrVI03Hoi;J opraHH-
3aLlHv1. KpoMe TOro, npJ1 nepepervlcTpaLlHH npHMeHHJIHCb Te me OCHOBaHVIH
,n;JIH OTKa3a, KaK VI npH perHcTpaLlHH (CM. n. 39 J1 41 Bblllle). BOJIee TOro,
B «nepeperHcTpaqHJ1» MOrJIO 6bITb OTKa3aHO npVI HaJIH'Y:J1J1 OCHOBaHHi-i .n;JUI
JIVIKBVI,n;aLlvIH peJIl'IrH03HOfi opraHH3aLlHH J1JIH 3anpeTa ee ,n;emeJIbHOCTVI
(CM. n. 43 BbIllIe). HenpOXOJK,lJ;eHHe nepepeIVlcTpaLlIDI B CpoK no KaKOM 6bl
TO HJ1 6bIJIO npH'Y:HHe CTaBHJIO peJIHrv103HYIO opraHH3aWHO no.n; yrpooy
JIVIKBVI,n;aLlHH B cy,n;eOHOM nOpH,D;Ke (CM. n. 44 Bblllle).
72. Cy,n, OTMe'Y:aeT, 'Y:TO,nO npJ1HHTHH HOBOro 3aKoHa 0 peJIVIrHHX OT,n;e-
JIeHHe-3aHBJ1TeJIb Ha 3aKOHHbIX OCHoBam'fmc OCeCTBJIHJIO CBOIO .n;eH-
TeJIbHOCTb B POCCHH C 1992 ro.n;a. Or,neJIeHHe-3aHBHTeJIb He CMOrJIO npOM-
TVI «nepeperHCTpan;HIO», KaK Toro Tpe60BaJI 3aKOH 0 peJIHrVIHX,
VI no,n;JIejl-caJIO JIHKBH.naLlHH. IIoCJIe 6 .neKa6pH 2001 ro.n;a, Kor.n;a 3aHBHTeJIb
HC'Y:epnaJi Bce BHY'IpHrocy,n;apCTBeHHbIe cpec rBa cyeoHoi1: 3aJ1'rbI 0'1'
cy.n;eOHOI'O perneHHH 0 ero JIHKBJ1.n;aLlHVI, VI BnJIOTb ,n;o MOMeHTa, Korl1.a 3'1'0
pewemfe 6bL!lO OTMeHeHO B nOpH..1Ke Hal1.30pa 1 aBrycTa 2002 ro,n,a, OT,n;eJIe-
HHe-3aHBVITeJIb nOCTOHHHO no,n,BepraJIOCb PVICKY 3aMOpamHBaHHH CBOHX
oaHKoBcKHX C'Y:eTOB H KOHcpHCKaLll'IH VIMyeCTBa (Cl\>L .n;eJIO X pUCmUa1-tC1CQJI..
ae.MO'KpamU'l(eCKaJl. 1-tapOa1-ta.H. napmWl npomuB MO.ilaOBbt (perneHHe),
NQ 28793/02, 22 Mapra 2005 r.). Cy,n; npH3HaeT, 'Y:TO ::rl'a cHTyaLlHH HMeJIa
0I.I.ZYTHMO oTpHLlaTeJIbHOe BJIJ1HHJ1e Ha ,n;eHTeJIbHOCTb 11 peJiHIVI03HYIO aK-
THBHOCTb OT,n,eJIeHHH-3aHBHTeJIH (CM. n. 29-33 BbIllIe). J.1 XOTH n03,n;Hee
ROHCTHTYLlHOHHbn.i Cy,n; OTBeJi CBOHM nOCTaHOBJIeHHeM Henocpe,n;CTBeH-
HyIO yrp03Y JIJ1KBJ1,naLlHH OT,n,eJIeHHH-3aHBVITeJIH, TeM He MeHee O'Y:eBl't.n;HO,
'Y:TO npaBocnoc06HOCTb 3aHBHTeJlH OTJIJ1'Y:aeTCH 0'1' npaBocnoc06HOCTH ,n;py-
rJtIX peJIJ1rH03HbIX opraHVI3aLlVIi-i, nporne,n,rnHX nepeperHCTpaW11O. Cy,n; 0'1'-
Me'Y:aeT, 'Y:TO B ,n;pyrVIX ,n;eJIax HenIX>xom,n;eHHe nepeperHCTpaLlHH 6bIJIO J1C-
nOJIb30BaHO pOCCHikKHMH BJiaCTHMVI B Ka'Y:eCTBe OCHOBaHVIH )];JIH OTKa3a
B perHCTpaLll1J1 J13MeHeHHM H ,n;onOJIHeHHM B YCTaBe opraHH3aLlHVI HJIH .n;JUI
npHOCTaHOBKH perHCTpaLlHJ1 ra3eTbi peJIJ1IVI03HOro co.n;epmamIH (CM. ,n;eJIO
CaeHmOAOZWteC'Ka,R, 'lfep1WB'b MOC'KB'bt U apyzue npomUB POCCUU,
NQ 18147/02,28 OKTHOpH 2004).
73. Cy,n; C'Y:HTaeT, 'Y:TO B ,n;aHHbIX OOCTOHTeJIbCTBaX, Kor.n;a peJIl'IrH03HaH
opram'I3aLlVIH 6bIJIa 06H3aHa BHeCTJ1 H3MeHem1H B YCTaB, a B peIVICTpawrvI
3Tl'IX H3MeHeHHH: H .n;onOJIHeHHI1: BJiaCTHMJ1 6bIJIO OTKa3aHO, 'Y:TO nOBJIeK.J10
YTpary cTaTyca IOpH.n;H'Y:ecKOro JIJ'ILla, HMeJIO MecTO BMeWaTeJIbCTBO npaBo
OpraHH3aLlHH Ha cBo60,n;y OO'be,n;HHeHHH. IIoCKOJIbKY 3aKoH 0 peJIHrVIHX or-

,. ,.
paHH'Y:HBaeT B03l\10mHOCTH peJIHrH03Horo OO'be,n;HHemIH, He OOJIa.n;aIoero
CTaTYCOM JOpH.n;H'Y:eCKoro JIl1Lla, ocymeCTBJI.HTb peJIJ1nl03Hy:EO .n;eHTeJIb-
HOCTh B nOJIHOM Oo'beMe (CM. .n;eJIO KU.JHJ1.Jl, CYJl.ma1-tOB u ll,epKOB'b Caettmo-
Jl.OZUU HUJlCHeK(LMC1W npomU8 Poccuu, NQ 76836/01 H 32782/03, pewe-
IDle 0 npVIeMJIeMOCTH 01' 9 1110HH 2005), TO 3TY Cl'ITyaLlHIO CJIe.n;yeT TalOKe
paCCMOTpeTb B CBeTe npaBa opraHH3aLlVIH Ha CBo60.n;y BepmlcnoBe.n;aHHH.
74. TaKl'LVI 06pa30M, nOCKOJIbKY Cy,n; YCTafIOBHJI, 'Y:TO HMeeT MeCTO BMe-
rnaTeJIbCTBO B npaBa 3aHBHTeJIH COrJIaCHO CT. 11 KOIiBeHLlVIVI, paccMaTpH-
BaeMOH: B CBeTe CT. 9 KOHBeHLlJ1H, Cy.n; .n;OJI:JKeH onpe,n;eJIHTb, y,n;OBJIeTBOpH-
€'I' JIH TaKoe BMernaTeJIbCTBO Tpe60BaHVIHM n. 2 YKa3aHHbIX nOJIOmeHVIt'1
RoHBeI1H, T.e. ObIJIO JIH TaKoe BMernaTeJIbCTBO «npe,n,ycMOTpeHo 3aKO-
HOM», npeCJIe,n,oBaJIO JIH O,n;HY (HJIH oOJIee) 3aKoHHy:EO LleJIb H obIJIO JIH OHO
«He06xo,n,HMO B .n;eMoKpaTH't.IecKoM ooeCTBe» (cpe.n;VI npo't.D'iX HCTOqHHKOB,
CM. .n;eJIO Beccapa6c'Koii MUmpOTWJl.UU, 106).
OllpaB}aHO TJII Bi\lemaTeJIbCTBO
(a) OOll\lIe npuHqunbl aHfu'Ul3a onpaB}J,aHIIH Bl\1CrnaTCJIbCTBa
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HH'Y:HBaTb npaBo Ha CBOoO,n;y Bep::mcnOBel1.aHHH H 06'bel1.HHeHi'IH, B COOTBeT-
CTBVIVI co CT. 9 VI 11 KOHBeHLlHVI, HBJIHeTCH HC'Y:epIIblBaIO'IM. J/IcKJIJO'Y:eHHH
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,lI,bI MorYT onpaB.n;aTb OrpaHHl.JeHVIe 3TOi1 CBOOO,D;bI. IIpH onpe.n;eJIeHHH, HMe-
eTCH JIl1 He06xo,n,HMOCTb B orpaHH'Y:eIDIH 3T0H: cB06o.n;bI B COOTBeTCTBI1H C n
2 yKa3aHHbIX nOJIOmeHJtll1: KOHBeHlU'IH, B pacnOpHmeIDU'I rocy.n;apCTBa Kl\1e-
eTCH O'Y:eHb y3Koe nOJIe .n;eMCTBVIH, 'Y:TO Hepa3pbIBHO CBH3aHO CO CTporJ1M
Ha.n;30pOM CO CTOpOHbI EBpocm03a, OXBaTbIBaIO1M KaK 3aKOHo.n;aTeJIbCTBO,
TaK H perneHJ'I.H 0 ero npHMeHem'IH, BKJIIO'Y:aH perneHJtm, BbllieceHHbIe He3a-
BVICHMbIMH cy.n:aMH (Cl\>L .n;eJIO fOpJlWtU1W, 95; ,n,eJIO Cuaupony'!/'oca, 40;
,n;eTJ.O Cma1-t'KOB u o6oeau1-te1-t1-tQ.Jl opza1-tU3a1tWt Ma'Kea01-tuU «U.tluwe1-tJ>
npomU8 EOJlzapuu, NQ 29221/95 H 29225/95, 84, ECHR 2001, IX).
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CH He no.n;MeHa MHeHHH COOTBeTCTBYJOmHX rocy,n;apCTBeHHbIX opraHOB
MHeHHeM Cy.n;a, a aHaJIH3 perneHJ.n1:, npHHHTbIX VIMH npH OCeCTBJIeHVIH
YCMOTpeIDIH. 31'0 He 3HaT.iJ'IT, 'Y:TO Cy,n; ,n;OJImeH orpaIDf'Y:HThCH JlJ'IllIb BbIHC-
HeH1-IeMToro, ocymeCTBHJIO JIH rocy,n;apCTBO-OTBeT'Y:HK CBoe YCMOTpeHHe
06ocHoBaHHo, OCMOTpJITeJIbHO VI C 'Y:eCTHbIMJ1 HaMepeHJ1.HMJ1. Cy.n; .n;OJI:JKeH
nOCMOTpeTb Ha 06JKaJIyeMoe BMernaTeJIbCTBO B npaBa 3aHBHTeJIH B CBeTe
Bcero ,lJ;eJIa B cOBoKynHocTH J1 BbIHCHHTb, 6bIJIO JlJ'I TaKoe BMernaTeJIbCTBO
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npHBe,n;eHHbIe HaLlVIOHaJIbHbIMH BJIaCTHMH B onpaB.n;aHHe BMernaTeJIbCTBa, 0\
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Ka3a B nepeperVICTpaLlVIVI OT,n;eJIeHJtIH-3aHBHTeJUI OCHOBaHlIH Bbl)J;BVIraJIHCb
HenOCJIe,n,OBa1'eJIbHO. B TO BpeMH KaK VI3Ha'Y:aJIbHO YJO MOCKBbI CCbIJIaJIOCb
Ha He.n;OCTaTO'Y:HOe 'tffiCJIO YT.ipe.n;11TeJIei1 H OTCYTCTBVIe ,n;OKYMeHTOB, y.n;OC-
TOBepmollHx, 'Y:TO OHVI HaXO,n;HTCH Ha TeppVITOpHJ1 POCCHH Ha 3aKOHHbIX
OCHOBaHl'lliX, 3TH npe.n;nOJIaraeMbIe He,n;O'Y:eTbl He HarnJIJ1 OTpaJKeHl1H B BbI-
HeceHHbIX n03,n;Hee cy.n;eOHbIX perneHJ1ffiC (CM. n. 14, 16, 17 BbIrne). YTBepJK-
)XelnIe 0 BoeHH3HpoBaHHoM xa paKTepe opraHH3aLlHH 3a.HBl'ITeJIH He HallIJIO
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BbIe YJO MOCKBbI Bbl)J;BHHYJIO 3'1'0'1' .n;OBO.n; B CBoeM OTBeTe Ha HCK, no.n;aH-
HbIM 3aHBHTeJIe:vI (CM. n. 15 BbIrne). PaMoHHbIH cy,n; npH3HaJi 3TOT OBO,n;, o.n;-
HaKO ropo,n,cKoi1 cy,n; He nOC'Y:HTaJI He06xoHMbIM OT,n;eJIbHO paCCMOTpeTb
3'1'01' .n;OBO.n; (CM. n. 17 BbIllle). HaKoHeLl, YlO MOCKBbI He CCbIJIaJIOCb Ha 0'1'-
CYTCTBVIe 't.leTKoro YKa3aHHH Ha peJIHrH03HYlO npHHa,n;JIemHOCTb 't.IJIeHOB
OpraHl'13aw1V1 - 3'1'0'1' ,n,OBO,n; BnepBbIe nOHBHJICH B cy.n;eOHbIX perneHHHX
(ma.M JlCe).
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B nepepenlCTpaLlVIH OT,n,eJIeHJ1H-3aHBVITeJIH J1 He BbI.n;BHHYJIO IIl'IKaKOrO on-
paB,n,aHHH cBoero BMernaTeJlhCTBa B npaBa 3aHBHTeJI.H.
79. ITpJ1 ,n,aHHbIX o6CTOHTeJlhCTBaX Cy,n; noo'Y:epe,n;Ho paccMoTpVIT ,n;Be
rpYIIIIbI .n;OBO.n;OB, Bbl)J;BHHYTbIX B 060cHoBaHHe OTKa3a B nepepervlCTpar(HH
3aHBVITeJIH: ,n;OBO,n;bI, CBH3aHHbIe C «HHOCTpaHHbIM npm1CXOJK,lJ;eHHeM» 0'1'-
.n;eJIeIUm-3aHBHTeJIH, VI .n;OBO,n,bI, CBH3aHHbIe C ero BHYTpeHfIeH: OpraHH3a-
LlVIei1: J1 peJIVIrVI03Hoi1 ,n;eHTeJIbHOCTblO.
«lIl1ocTpmmoe npoucxom)J,eul1e» OT,IJ;enelllm-3IDIBI1Te.rUI
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HBJIHIOTCH J1HOCTpaHHbIe rpam.n;aHe, caM 3aHBH1'eJIb no.n;'Y:I1HHeTCH roJIO-
BHOMY OCPHCY OpraHJ13aW-IH, pacnOJIo:meHHoMY B JIoH,n;oHe, a B Ha3BaHv1V1
3aHBVITeJIH npVIcYTcTByeT CJIOBO «OT,n;eJIeHVIe», TO 3aHBVITeJIb HBJIHeTCH
npe.n;craBHTeJIbCTBOM HHOCTpaHHot'1 peJIHrJ103HOi1 opraHl13aLlHH VI He J1Me-
eT npaBa Ha «nepepenlCTpaLlHIO» B Ka'Y:eCTBe peJIHrH03HOH: opraHH3aqJ-1V1
COrJIaCHO pOCCHI1:CKOMY 3aKoHo.n;aTeJIbCTBY.
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3anpeaeT HHOCTpaHHbIM rpa:JK.n;aHaM obITb YT.ipe.n;HTeJIHMH pOCCHMCKHX

peJIHrH03HbIX OpraHH3aLlHj;'L O,n,HaKO Cy.n; He Haxo.n;HT HHKaKHX pa3YMHbIX
H 06'beKTHBHbIX onpaB.n;aHI-IM: pa3JIVIl.J111O B OTHorneHHI1 K pocCHi:iCKJ1M
H HHOCTpaHHbIM rpaml1.aHaM B TOM, 'Y:TO KacaeTCH I1X B03MOJKHOCTeM ocy-
eCTBJIHTb npaBO Ha CBOoO,n;y BepoVIcnOBe,n,aIDlH 'Y:epe3 YT.iaCTHe B :>I013HVI
opraHH30BaHHbIX peJIVIrl103HbIX 06LQJtIH.
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ApMHH CnaCeHI1H 3a py6emoM He npenHTCTBOBaJIO perJ.ICTpaLlHH 3aHBHTe-
JUI B Ka'Y:ec-rBe pOCCVIM:CKOI1: peJIHrH03HOI1: opraHH3aLlHv1. ITynl\"T 6 CT. 11 3a-
KOHa 0 peJIHrHHX onpe,n;eJIeHHO KaCa€'I'CH cHTyaLll'm, KOrl1.a pOCCHMCKaH pe-
JIVIn103HaH opraHI13aLlJ1H nO.n;'Y:HHeHa BbIrnecTOHmeMY PYKOBO,D;HmeMY
opraHY, paCnOJIOJKeHHoMY 3a rpaHHLleM: (CM. n 40 BbIllIe). B 3TOM CJIYT.iae
e,n;HHCTBeHHbIM ,n,onOJIHI-ITeJIbHbIl'v1 TpeOOBaHHeM HBJIHeTCH npe,n;cTaBJIeHHe
y,n,oCToBepeHHoro ycraBa HHocTpaHHoM peJIJ1rJ1o.1HOM opraHH3aLlHH; 3'1'0
06CTOHTeJIbCTBO He .HBJUIeTC.H npaBOBbIM OCHOBaHHeM )];JIH OTKa3a B perJ.IC-
TpaLlHH HJIH nepepervlCTpaLlHJtL
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JIJ'IrH03HOt'1 opraIDl3aLlJt1J1 MOJKeT nOMernaTb ee perHCTpaLlVIVI TOJIbKO B o,n;-
HOM CJIYT.iae, a HMeHHO Kor,n,a y:me l1MeeTCH 3aperHCTpHpOBaHHaH opraHI1-
3aLlHH C TaKHM me Ha3BaHHeM. To, 'Y:TO .n;eJIO 06CTOHT HMeHHO TaK B cJIY'Y:ae
3aHBHTeJIH, He 6bIJIO 3aHBJIeHo. ITo 3aKOHY, O,n,HO JIHllIb npHCYTCTBJ1e CJIOBa
«OT,n;eJIeHHe» B Ha3BaHVIVI OpraHJ13aw1V1 He HBJIHJIOCb 06CTOHTeJIbCTBOM,
npen.HTCTBYlOmHM ero perHcTpaLll1H.
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OT,n;eJIem1e-3aHBlITeJIb cyr.u;eCTBOBaJIO B Te'Y:eIDle 7 JI€'I' B Ka'Y:eCTBe He3aBHCH-
MOro IOpHW'l'Y:eCKoro Jll1ua VI ocYI-UeCTBJlHJIO rnHpoKHl1: cneKTp peIDlfH03HbIX
npaB. YIO MOCKBbI VI CYJLbI c-rpaHbI Hac raHBaJll1 Ha 'lDM, '4TO O'r.n;eJIeHHe-3a-
.HBl1TeJIb ,n;OJDKHO 6bITb 3aperHcrpHp::maHO B Ka'Y:eCTBe npe,n;craBHTeJIbCTBa
HHOCTpaHHOM: peJIi'IT1-103Hoi1 opraIDI3awm, B pe3YJIbTaTe 'Y:ero COrJIaCHO poc-
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JIJa H He CMor ObI npo.n;OJIma rb CBOIO peIDIDI03HY1O ,n,eHTeJIbHOC'rb (CM n 46
BbIllIe). RaK OTMe'Y:eHO BbIllle, 3TO TpeOoBaHHe MeCTHbIX BJIaCTeM He HMeJIO 3a-
KOHHbIX OCHOBaIDll1:. B CBH3VI C 3TI1M no OLleHKe Cy,n;a 3TO paBHOCHJIbHO OTKa3Y
no MOTHBaM HeLleJIecoo6pa3HOCTI1 Y'Y:Pem.n;eIDIH OpraHH3awm, T.fTO np.HMO 3a-
npemeHO n. 2 CT. 12 3aKoHa 0 peJIHnIHX (CM n 42 BbIllle).
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HHocTpaHHoro npoVIcxom.n;eHHH 3aHBI1TeJIH He 6bIJIH HI'I «OoOCHOBaHHbIl'vIVI
H ,n;ocraTO'Y:HbIMH» )];JIH OTKa3a B nepeperHCTpaLlJ1H, HVI «npe,n;yCMOTpeHbI
3aKOHOM».
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ceHHH H xpVICTHaHCKyIO Bepy H, KpOMe TOro, He ,n,aJIO OIIHcaIDIH Bcex CBOHX
pemeHHti, nOJIoJKeHuii H Tpa,D;J1LlHi-i.
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CKOM: BepbL B npHJIO:JKeHl'H1, HBJUIIOmeMCH HeOneMJIeMOI1: 'Y:aCTbIO YCTaBa
OpraIDI3aLlHH, nepe'Y:HCJIeHbI Bce HCXO)J;HbIe nOCbIJIKH, nOJlOmeHHble B oc-
HOBY peJIHrH03Horo YT.ieHH.H ApMHH CnaCeHl1.H.
88. 3aKoH 0 peJIHrHHX He co,n;epmHT HHKaKHX )7Ka3aHVIti OTHOCHTeJIbHO
TOro, KaK HMeHHO opraHH3aLll1H ,n;OJImHa orrHCbIBaTb CBOIO peJIHrH03HYI0
npHHa.n;JIe:iKHOCTh HJll1 Bep0YT.ieHHe B CBOHX YT.ipe,n;HTeJIbHbIX .n;OKYMeHTax.
IIYHIcr 2 CT. 10 3aKoHa 0 peJIHrHHX, Ha KOTOpbIJ1: COCJIaJICH ropO.n;CKOM cy.n;,
JIVIllib Tpeoy€'I' YKa3aTb BepoVIcnoBe,n;aHHe opraHl'I3aLlJ1H. HeT HHKaKOro
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Bcex CBOHX «peweHHM:, rrOJIOJKeHHii HTpa.n;J1LlHt'I».
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HBl1TeJIeM, 6bIJIO CO'Y:TeHO HenOJIHbIM, TO MeCTHbIe Cy.n;bI .n;OJImHbI ObIJIH
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'Y:eTKO YBe,n,OMHTb 3a.HBHTeJIH 0 TOM, KaK eMY CJIe,n;yeT rro.n;rOTOBHTb .nOKY-
MeHTbI .n;JUI npoxom.n;eHHH nepeperHCTpaLlHH (CM. ,n,eJIO TC01-te6 npomU6
BO./1.2apuu, N 45963/99, 55, 13 anpeJI.H 2006). O,n;HaKo 3TOro c.n;eJIaHO He
ObIJIO. B 3TOI1: CBH3H Cy,n; C't.D'ITaeT, 'Y:TO 3'1'0 OCHOBaHHe.n;JIH OTKa3a B perHC-
rpaW-IH 6bIJIO He06ocHoBaHHbIM.
90. RpoMe TOro, Y10 MOCKBbI 3aHBJ1JIO, tfTO OT.n;eJIeHJ'I10-3aHBVITeJllO
,n;OJI:iKHO 6bITb OKa3aHO B perHcTpaLlHH KaK «BoeHVI3HpOBaHHOI1: OpraHJ13a-
LlVIH», nOCKOJlbKY ee 'Y:JIeHbI HOCHT YHHCpopMY H HecYT CJIy:JK6y, a TalOKe
nOTOMY, 'Y:TO VICnOJIb30BaIDIe CJIOBa «apMJ'lH» B ero na3BaHHH HenpaBOMep-
HO. PaJ1:0HHbli-i cy,n; corJIaCHJICH C 3THM ,n;OBO,n;OM.
91. Cy,n; )7Ka3bIBa€'I', QTO B COOTBeTCTBl'U1 C npeLle,n;eHTHOI1: npaKTHKOM
Cy.n;a npaBo Ha cBo60.n;y BepoHcnoBe.n;aHHH, rapaHTHpoBaHHoe KOHBeHLlVIel1:,
VICKJIIO'Y:a€'I' oLleHKY rocy.n;apCTBOM JIerHTHMHOCTJ1 peJIl'lrH03HbIX y6em.n;e-
HHl1: J1JIH cnoco60B HX BbIpa)-KeHJ'IH (CM. ,n,eJIO XacaH U l.Jayw, 78, .n;eJIO NIa-
Hycca1ruC U apY2ue npomU8 fpelfuu, nOCTaHOBJIeHHe 0'1' 26 ceHTHOp.H 1996,
C60pHVIK pemeHl'li-i H nOCTaHOBJIeIDIM 1996, IV, 47). EeccnopHo, HCnOJIb3o-
BaHVIe 'Y:JIeHal\1J'1 0'I',D;eJIeIDIH-3aHBVITeJUI 3BaIDII1:. no.n;ooHbIX BoeHHbI1VI 'Y:VI-
HaM, VI HomeHVIe ymlcpopMbI HBJIHIOTCH Oc06bIM cnOCOOOM OpraIDI3aLlI1H
BHYTpeHHeti »CH3HH peJIHrH03HOro coo6rn;ecTBa VI BbIpameHJ1H peJll1rVI03-
HbIX BepOBaHHi-i ApMI1H CnaceHHH. HeJIb3H Bcepbe3 YTBep:ac.n;aTb, 1.fI'0 OT,n,e-
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CTaBJIeHO BJIaCTRM rOCYl1.apCTBa, a TaKJKe npaBvITeJIbCTBOM B xo,n;e pa36H-
paTeJIbCTBa B COOTBeTCTBHJ1 C KoHBeHLlHeii OrclO.n;a CJIe.n;y€'I', 'Y:TO BbIBO,n,bI
MecTHbIX opraHOB no 3TOMY Bonpocy JIHllIeHbI q)aKTH'Y:eCKOM OCHOBbL
92. PaMOHfIbIJ1: cy,n, TaIOKe BbIBeJi 3aKJIIO'Y:elme H3 YCTaBa 3aHBHTeJIH,
tfTO 'Y:JIeHbI OT,n;eJIeIDIH-3aHBl'ITeJIH oy,n,YT «HeH30eJKHO HapyrnaTb pOCCHI1:-
CKoe 3aKOHo.n;aTeJIbCTBO B xo,n,e BbIIIOJIHeHJ1H npl'IKa30B, npaBHJI H HHCT-
PYKLlVIH: fJIaBbI OT.n;eJIeHJ1H».
93. Cy,n; nOBTopHeT, 'Y:TO B HeKOTopbIX CJIY'Y:aHX npOrpaMMa Taro HJIvl
vIHOro 06'"be,n;HHeHJ1H MomeT CKpbIBaTb LleJiH H HaMepeIDfH, OTJIH'Y:HbIe 0'1'
npOB03rJIamaeMbIX 3THM 06'be,n,HHeHHeM. LITOObI y6e,n;HTbCH, 'Y:TO OpraHJ1-
3aLlHH 3TOro He .n;eJIaeT, co,n,epmaHHe nporpaMMbI CJIe,n;yeT cpaBHHTb C .n;ei1-
CTBHHMH H n03HI.:t;HHMH JII1l1.epOB 06'he,n;HHeHHH (CM. l1.eJIO Peifjax ITapmU3u,
101, H .n;eJIO TIapmuayJ/, Ko.flty1-tucmwtOP, 56, yrrOMHHYTbIe BbIllIe).
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