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ApHH 3axapou BCJIe 3a BeJIHKOH BOrHHeH -or "  .. EJ j. I  {;!:_ .......  .;:L d-' I ' \  r r-  . I , ( / P I.  ,Q (, {t?  )r., - t. .. _.J <) -1--- .;______ .. /I __ .....o...J- ....I  \ ..... \:.. J!'''': t "... .... .V .....  \'... . .. .) ..... ',. .  MOCKBa «Beqe» 2007 
BBK 63.3(2) 338 _ _p%.rd. Offiu;J'- -.: . 3axapOB A.n. 338 BCJIe.n; 3a BeJIHKoH BorHHeH / APK8)J;HH 3axapoB. - M. : Beqe, 2007. - 320 c. - (TaHHbI 3eMJIH PYCCKOH). ISBN 978-5-9533-2277-5 ,IJ:Be HeomHaHHLIe TeMLI npHqYJIHBO nepenJIeJIHCL B KHHre TIO- MeHCKoro KpaeBea ApKaHH 3axapoBa - cYL6a npeKOB A.C. IIyw- KHHa H HCTOpHH 30JIOTOM 60rHHH CeBepa. o Hepa3raaHHOM TaHHe peBHero IOropcKoro JIYKOMOPLH, BeJIH- qaMWeM CBHTLIHe ceBepHLIX HapOOB - qyecHoM cTaTye 30JIOTOM 60- rHHH, ynoMHHaeTCH ee B CTapHHHLIX CKa3aHHHX 0 <CHe3HaeMLIX 3eM- JIHX» PyccKoro CeBepa. JIereHLI 0 HeM OmHJIH o XX BeKa, oHaKo yqeHLIM cBHeHHaH cTaTYH OHLIHe He H3BeCTHa. A.II. 3axapOB npe- npHHHJI ee OHY nonLITKY pacKpLITL 3TY BeKoBYIO TaHHY. BBK 63.3(2) ISBN 978-5-9533-2277-5 @ 3axapoB A.II., 2007 @ 000 <c1I3aTeJILcKHH OM <cBeqe», 2007 
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i 14 C03HaIOCb, CJIYllIa.H CBOerO rrpH.HTeJI.H, .H rrOHaqaJIY He OqeHb eMY BepHJI. BH,n;.H, qTO .H rrOCMeHBaIOCb, A.neKceH 06H- ,n;eJIC.H, rrOJIe3 B llIKacp H rrpe,n;'b.HBHJI B ,n;OKa3aTeJIbCTBO 06- llIHPHYIO rreperrHCKY C IIHcTHTYToM 3THorpacpHH. CrreHa- JIHCTbI He TOJIbKO He COMHeBaJIHCb B cyecTBoBaHHH Ba6bI, HO H rp03HJIHCb B 6JIHmaHllIHe ro,n;bI Harp.HHYTb C 3Kcrre,n;H- HeH. C BbI30BOM 3Kcrre,n;HHH He llIYT.HT: eCJIH A.neKceH pe- llIHJIC.H Ha TaKoe - 3HaqHT, HMeIOTC.H cepbe3HbIe OCHOBa- HH.H. IIpHllIJIOCb rrOBepHTb CypryqeBY H rrpHrrOMHHTb BC.H- Koro po,n;a KaMeHHbIX HCTYKaHOB. CHaqaJIa rrpHllIJIH Ha YM CKHcpCKHe KaMeHHbIe 6a6bI IOm- HbIX CTerreH, H3 KOTOpbIX Kor,n;a-TO YllIJIH ypaJIbCKHe yrpbI. IIoTOM BCrrOMHHJIC.H CH,n;.HHH B rr03e JIOTOCa By,n;,n;a. qTO C Toro, qTO CypryqeB HHqerO He 3HaeT 0 ero Horax H KOJIe- H.HX - caM me OH YTBepm,n;aeT, qTO Ba6a BpOCJIa B 3eMJI.HHOH XOJIM. 11306pameHH.H By,n;,n;bI Bcer,n;a meHorro,n;06HbI H MorYT 6bITb rrpHH.HTbI 3a rrJIOCKorpy,n;ylO meHHHY. B,n;pyr KOJIeHH H HorH CH,n;.HerO rro-TypeKH HCTYKaHa 3aCbIrraHbI ,n;apaMH H 3eMJIeH? 3HaqHT, rrp.HqeTC.H Ha OCTpOBe He 30JIOTa.H Ba6a, a aJITbIH 6a6aH (,n;oporoH CTapHK), 3aHeceHHbIH B CH6Hpb Ta- Tapo-MOHrOJIbCKHMH rrJIeMeHaMH ee B He3arraM.HTHbIe Bpe- MeHa H cTaBllIHH co BpeMeHeM r JIaBHbIM 60mecTBoM IOrpbI? CyecTByeT me y xaHTOB rrpe,n;cTaBJIeHHe 0 rrocMepTHoM rre- peCeJIeHHH ,n;YllI, KaK B JIaMaHCTCKoH peJIHrHH... llJIH 3TO aHTHqHa.H MpaMOpHa.H 60rHH.H, BbIHeCeHHa.H yrpaMH H3 HX COBMeCTHoro C rOTaMH rroxo,n;a Ha PHM H rro- rraBllIa.H rrOTOM 3a YpaJI - KaKa.H-HH6y,n;b BeHepa-oxoTHH- a? BHYTpeHHe paCrraJIHBllIHCb, .H TaK H rrpHCTaJI K Cypry- qeBY C paccrrpocaMH B CTpeMJIeHHH YTOqHHTb BHellIHHH 06- JIHK 60rHHH: KaK BbIrJI.H,n;HT KpaCHBa.H JIH. .D:a, BH,n;HMO, OH H 
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_ 23 t IIOJIYt.J:eHHbIe CBe,n;eHH.H, rrp.HMO CKameM, He B,n;OXHOBJI.H- JIH. COBepllIeHHO CJIYt.J:aHHO B O,n;HOM,H3 CeJIbCKOX03.HHCTBeH- HbIX mypHaJIOB OTbICKaJIaCb CTaTb.H CTapllIero Hayt.J:Horo COTpy,n;HHKa HI1I1CX CeBepHoro 3aypaJIb.H B. BYXMeHOBa o Haxo,n;Ke B paHOHe CorOMCKHX 03ep, Herro,n;aJIeKY OT MaH- CHHCKOH ,n;epeBHH HK>PKOH, KaMeHHOH CTaTYH. IIy6JIHKoBa- JIaCb ,n;ame ee <pOTorpa<pH.H. IIpaB,n;a, H3 OCTaTKOB KaMHeH aBTOpy CTaTbH He y,n;8JIOCb CJIOmHTb CKYJIbrrTypbI, rrOTOMY t.J:TO 8JIt.J:HbIe H 6eCTOJIKOBbIe KJIa,n;OHCKaTeJIH, t.J:To6bI ee pac- KOJIOTb, K8JIHJIH ee orHeM H rrOJIHB8JIH BO,n;OH. B ,n;OBepllIe- HHe rrepeKOrraJIH H rrepepbIJIH BCK> oKpyry. Hapo,n;Ha.H rra- M.HTb COXpaHHJIa H HM.H TaemHoro repOCTpaTa: To60JIbCKHH Kyrre CbIpOM.HTHHKOB. 11 He CT8JIO BeKOBYXH - KaMeHHOH 6a6bI. BeCCJIe,n;HO HCt.J:e3JIH H <pHrYPKH ee CTO.HBllIHX Kor,n;a- TO p.H,n;OM ,n;eTeH. OCT8JIaCb TOJIbKO JIereH,n;a: «Ha rrJIeM.H, t.J:TO KOt.J:eB8JIO B BepXOBb.HX KOH,n;bI H IOKOH,n;bI, HarraJIH rrJIO- XHe JIK>,n;H. CrraCJIHCb JIHllIb cTapyxa C ,n;BYM.H ,n;eTbMH H Ka- KOH-TO 3Bepb, Ha KOTOpOM OHH eXaJIH, rrOKa He OKaMeHeJIH. C Tex rrop H CTO.HT KaMeHHbIe: B 60JIOTe - mHBOTHoe, aHa YB8JIe - cTapyxa C ,n;eTbMH. 113 60JIOTa BbITeKaeT XOH-pet.J:- Ka, a TaemHbIH ypMaH, llIYM.HID;HH Ha,n; KaMeHHOH 6a6oH, - 30BeTC.H "CTapYXHHbIM MbICOM"». C STOH HOBOCTbK> H rrOCrrellIHJI .H K A.n:eKCeK> Cypryt.J:eBY: «OKa3bIBaeTC.H, ,n;aBHbIM-,n;aBHo o6HapymHJIH H paCKOJIOTH- JIH 30JIOTYK> Ba6y, a TbI H He 3Ha.rr!» - « IIot.J:eMY He 3HaJI? - He oropt.J:HJIC.H A.n:eKceH. - 3HaJI, MHe 0 HeH OTe H ,n;.H,n;.H paCCKa3bIB8JIH. He HaCTO.HID;a.H STa Ba6a, a rro,n;CMHa.H, BpO- ,n;e YTHHoro t.J:yqeJIa. Ee ,n;JI.H OTBo,n;a rrorrOBCKHX rJIa3 rrOCTa- BHJIH H rro,n;apKOB eH COBceM He ,n;aB8JIH. rOBOp.HT, Be3JIH ee C BepXOBbeB KOH,n;bI B 60JIbllIOH JIo,n;Ke. Ha HeCKOJIbKO ,n;HeH 
i 24 IIYTH BIIepe.n;H Hee CIIemHJIH rOHD;hI C IIpHKa30M BCeM :>KHTe- JIHM KOH.n;hI Ha BpeMH YXO.n;HTh B rJIy6h TaHrH... HHKTO He .n;OJI:>KeH BH.n;eTh Ba6y, HHKTO He .n;OJI:>KeH 3HaTh, r.n;e OHa OC- TaHOBHTCH. 3a OCJIymaHHe - CMepTh. CHHMaJIHCh C phI6- HhIX yro.n;HH CTOH6Hm;a H OTKOtleBhIBaJIH Ha BpeMH. BCKope BCH TaHra Y3HaJIa, tlTO Ba6a IIpHeXaJIa Ha KOH.n;y. ITp03Ha- JIH IIpO Hee pyccKHe H IIOBepHJIH, tlTO OHa H eCTh rJIaBHaH, KOTOPYIO 30JIOTOH 3BaJIH. 06MaHYJIH HX HamH maMaHhI KaK BeceHHero CeJIe3HH - IIO.n;CYHYJIH cpaJIhmHBYIO. A HaCTOH- lQaH Ba6a mH6Ko He:>KHO 3axopOHeHa, o.n;HaKO He.n;aJIeKO u OT IIO.n;CHOH...» If HaCTOJIhKO y6e.n;HTeJIhHO H3JIO:>KHJI MHe CypryqeB CBOIO BepCHIO, tlTO H He3aMeTHO .n;JIH ce6H IIpOHHKCH .n;OBepHeM K ero paCCKa3aM 06 H.n;OJIax. B.n;o6aBoK Bce IIpOtlHTaHHOe MHOIO KOCBeHHO IIo.n;TBep:>K.n;aJIO ero IIpaB.n;HBOCTh. Hepa3ra.n;aHHaH TaHHa TpeBO:>KHJIa H paCIIaJIHJIa Bo06pa- u :>KeHHe, B3hIBaJIa K .n;eHCTBHIO H B KOHD;e KOHD;OB IIpHBeJIa JIe- TOM 1979 ro.n;a MeHH, Moero .n;pyra H3 HHraHH BJIa.n;HMHpa POMaHOBa H peKOMeH.n;OBaHHOrO HaM CypryqeBhIM IIpOBO.n;HH- Ka A. C06pHHa B .n;e6PH peKH KOH.n;bI Ha IIOHCKH 3oJIOTOH Ba6bI. .. .E.n;Ba 3a6pe3:>KHJI paCCBeT, KaK B YTpeHHeH IIpOXJIap;e Ha.n; BO.n;OH IIOHBHJIHCh MOJIOqHbIe IIpO:>KHJIKH, IIOIIJIbIJIH 6eJIhIe KJIOqbH, KOTophIe rycTeJIH H HaJIHBaJIHCb Ha rJIa3ax. B03.n;yX Ha6yx8JI BJIarOH, OtlepTaHHH He.n;aJIeKHX KYCTOB paCIIJIbIJIHCb B 6eJIecoH MyTH, p06KHe 3BYKH yrpa IIOraCJIH Bee pbIXJIOH BaTe, H H8.KOHeD;, Bce IIOrJIOTHJIa B ce6e TaKaH rycTaH TYMaHHaH IIe- JIeHa, KaKaJl6bIBaeT TOJIhKO Ha KOH.n;e IIO.n; oceHb. Kor.n;a H B03HaMepHJICH IIpoBepHTb JIO.n;KY H IIOIIOJI3 H3 II8JIaTKH, MeHH He IIYCTHJI C06PHH: « ¥Ii.n;emb - IIpoIIMemb B TYMaHe H crHHemb, KaK He pa3 6bIBaJIO. JIe:>KH H m.n;H, IIOKa 
25 * BeTpOM ero He pa3BeeT... ». HaM nOBe3JIO - TYMaH paCTa- HJI, MhI norpY3HJIHCh, H BOT Hawa «Ka3aHKa» YBepeHHO rJIHCcHpyeT no 'tIepHO-KOpH'tIHeBOH OCThIBalOw;eH Boe. :3KH- na:>K, BKJIIO'tIaH 3opOBeHHoro 6eCTOJIKOBOrO K06eJIH BYPh- KY, YCTpaHBaeTCH noy06Hee: YBepeHHH C06pHHa, 'tITO nJIhITh HeaJIeKO, Bcephe3 npHHHMaTh He npHXOHTCH - ,ZJ;JIH Hero CTO KHJIOMeTpOB He paCCTOHHHe. IToCJIe TpeBO:>KHOH HO'tlH no paBHOMepHhIH rYJI MOTopa XOpOllIO peMJIeTCH, HO C06PHH 60pcTByeT Ha PYJIe, no OHOMY eMY H3BeCTHDIM npHMeTaM yrhIBaH cpapBaTep. ITo Be'tlep JIOKa TKHY JIaCh HOCOM B TBepylO Ha BH nec- 'tIaHYIO KOCY B03JIe YCThH HellIHpOKOH Tae:>KHOH pe'tlKH. «ITo 3TOMY HCTOKY 3aBTpa noneM B 60JIhllIOe 03epo, - CKa- 3aJI C06PHH, 3arJIYllIHB "BHXph", - H3 Hero no npOTOKe npocKpe6eMCH B Pyroe H nOllIapHM Ha OCTpOBax». CeBepHHe B CJIOBO «HCTOK» BKJIahIBaIOT 3Ha'tleHHe, ew;e He paCTOJIKOBaHHoe CJIOBapHMH. ¥ HHX OHO 03Ha'tlaeT He- qTO Bpoe (cnOTOKa BOhI, HCTeKalOw;ero H3 OHoro BOO- eMa B PyroH». He peKa, HO H He PY'tIeH. KaK H Bce Tae:>KHhIe pe'tlKH, HaHeHHhIH H8.MH HCTOK HMeJI KpYThIe 6epera, 60JIb- IlIYIO rJIy6HHY H Maccy cnpeccoBaHHoro Mycopa H epeBHH- Horo JIOMa, Ha'tlHHaH nO'tlTH OT caMoro YCTbH. CKB03h rYCThIe 6eperOBbIe 3apOCJIH TaJIbHHKa MbI C Bo. JIObKO:H C TPYOM npOp8JIHCb K 3aB8JIY. OKa38JIOCb, qTO BeCb cop H nJIaBHHK ep:>KaTCH Ha BYX ynaBIlIHx C npOTHBOJIOnOm- HbIX 6eperOB HCTOKa epeBbHX, 06pa30BaBllIHX CBoero poa nJIOTHHY H3 BeTOK. Ho 'tITO CTpaHHO: CTBOJIbI He CB.MH PYXHYJIH H He BeTep HX CB8JIHJI, a OKa38JIHCb Cnen;H8JIbHO noPy6JIeHbI. ¥:>Ke B CYMepKax, C nOMOID;hlO TonopOB H MOTopa, HaM yaeTcH np06HTbCH CKB03b 3aBaJI. OT HaBHcalOID;HX Ha 
i 26 PYCJIOM BeTBeH B HCTOKe TeMHO. JIOBJIK> ce6.H Ha MbICJIH, qTO C He6a ero He BH,n;HO. Ha caMbIX MaJIbIX 060poTax, TO H ,n;eJIO 3MeBa.H BHHTOM 3a no,n;Bo,n;HbIe npen.HTCTBH.H, npo,n;BHraeM- C.H Bnepe,n;, nOKa He ynHpaeMC.H B Oqepe,n;HOH Henpoxo,n;HMbIH 3aBaJI. «On03,n;aJIH, - BOpqHT POMaHOB, - HMO 6bIJIO no 60JIbllIOH Bo,n;e, B HK>He. CeHqaC HaMyqaeMC.H...» C06PHH me, OCMOTpeB 3aBaJI, YCTaJIO KOMaH,n;yeT: «HoqeBaTb Ha,n;o. ,n:o- CTaBaHTe npHMYC - KOCTep meqb He CJIe,n;yeT. CnaTb 6y,n;eM B JIo,n;Ke - TaK 6e30naCHee...» Cpe,n;H HOqH Hac pa36y,n;HJI OTqa.HHHbIH, 3JI06HbIH JIaH npHB.H3aHHOro Ha 6epery K06eJI.H. BYPbKa paHbllIe TaK HH- Kor,n;a He JIa.HJI. IIocnelliHo 3ap.H,n;HB pymb.H, CTpeJI.HeM B B03- ,n;yx, HO nec He YHHMaeTC.H H, 060pBaB nOBo,n;OK, HCqe3aeT B TaHre. Ero OmeCTOqeHHbIH JIaH BCKope 3aTHxaeT B OT,n;aJIe- HHH. PaCCBeT He HacTynaJI MyqHTeJIbHO ,n;OJIro. ¥TpOM C06PHH ,n;OJIro HCKaJI H H3yqaJI CJIe,n;bI. BepHYJIC.H MpaqHbIH H, npHxJIe6bIBa.H y KOCTpa qaH, HeomH,n;aHHO 3a- .HBHJI : - O,n;HaKO, CMeJIa.H c06aKa 6bIJI. JKaJIKO, qTO nponaJIa. IIo,n;om,n;aTb 6bI Ha,n;o - B,n;pyr BepHeTC.H. - A KTO npHXO- ,n;HJI HOqbK>? - He 3HaK>, - TaK Ma.HqHT. - If, nOMOJIqaB HeMHoro, HenOKOJIe6HMO ,n;06aBHJI: - 51, o,n;HaKO, m,n;aTb OCTaHYCb. ,n:aJIbllIe H,n;TH HeJIb3.H - TaHra 3HaK ,n;aeT. IIepey6em,n;aTb ero - ,n;eJIO 6eCnOJIe3HOe, H, nOCOBeTO- BaBIlIHCb, pelliaeM np06HBaTbC.H K OCTpOBaM B,n;BoeM. 3aBaJIbI Ha HCTOKe CJIe,n;YK>T O,n;HH 3a ,n;pyrHM. IIpeo,n;o- JIeB O,n;HH, MbI ynHpaeMC.H B cJIe,n;YK>ID;HH. IfHor,n;a nbITaeM- C.H cpOpcHpoBaTb He60JIbllIHe 3aBaJIbI C Xo,n;y. li3pe,n;Ka 3TO HaM y,n;aeTC.H, HO 60JIbllIeH qaCTbK> MOTOp pe3KO OTKH,n;bIBa- 
_ 27 t eTCH, peBeT, BHHT XBaTaeT B03,n;yx, CHOBa rrorpymaeTcH, pa3,n;aeTCH TpeCK H ,n;BHraTeJIb pa3BHBaeT 6ellIeHbIe o6opo- TbI - orrHTb Cpe3aJIO rrpe,n;oxpaHHTeJIbHbIH llITH<pT. II Bce me, MeHHH llITH<pTbI H BHHTbI, rrOHeMHory rrpo,n;BHraeMCH, rrOKa He yrrHpaeMCH B COBepllIeHHO Herrpeo,n;OJIHMbIH 3aBaJI. KaK H CaMbIH rrepBbIH, OH OKa3aJICH PYKOTBOpHbIM. Bo,n;a CTpYHJIaCb qepe3 Hero He60JIbllIHM Bo,n;orra,n;OM. OCMOTpeB rrperrHTCTBHe, pellIaeM 060HTH ero rro 6epery. TOJIbKO BO,n;- HOMOTOpHHK MomeT rrOHHTb, KaKOH 3TO HeJIerKHH TPY,n;! JIHllIb Ha CJIe,n;yrom;HH ,n;eHb MbI o,n;OJIeJIH «JIOMOBaTbIH HCTOK». CKB03b Y3Koe, 3apacTarom;ee TaJIbHHKOM ropJIO HCTOKa, pa3,n;BHraH 60pTaMH KYCTbI, JIo,n;Ka BbIpBaJIaCb Ha 3aJIHTbIH COJIHeM 03epHbIH rrpOCTOp, HeqaHHHO pacrryraB orpOMHbIH Ta6YH YTOK. C06PHH YKa3aJI HaM HMemHbIe opHeHTHpbI, H, rropbICKaB HeMHoro B,n;OJIb 6epera, MbI HaIIIJIH rrpOTOKY B ,n;pyroe 03epo. OHa OKa3aJIaCb MeJIKOH H He llIHpOKOH, HO 3aTO COBepllIeHHO CBo6o,n;HOH OT 3aBaJIOB. BbIHTH ,n;JIH OT,n;bIxa Ha TorrKHH 6eper HaM He y,n;aJIOCb, H Toro Bom,n;eJIeHHOrO 03epa, Ha rrOBepXHOC- TH KOToporo 6yrpHJIOCb HeCKOJIbKO OCTpOBKOB, MbI ,n;OCTHr JIH BKOHe H3MOTaHHbIMH. 06PMOBaHHO,n;aIO rrOJIHbIH ra3 H rrpaB- JIro K 6JIHmaHllIeMY OCTPOBY. JIo,n;Ka CHaqaJIa YBepeHHO r JIHC- cHpyeT, HO 3aTeM C6aBJIHeT xo,n;, rOHHT rrepe,n; C060H MYTHYro BOJIHY, MOTOp HaTymHo 6YPOBHT BHHTOM qepHYro rpH3b H, HaKOHe, 3axJIe6bIBaeTCH. JIo,n;Ka, oceB, YBH3aeT B mH,n;KOM canporreJIe, CJIerKa rrpHKpbITOM TOHKOH rrJIeHKOH BO,n;bI. BJIHrr- JIH! IIoHHTHo, rrOqeMY C06PHH OCTaJICH. o ,n;BHmeHHH Brrepe,n; He MomeT 6bITb H peqH. BecJIo yxo- HT B HJI rro caMYro PYKOHTKY, HO TaK H He yrrHpaeTCH B ,n;HO. ITpo6yeM, eHCTBYH BeCJIOM KaK JIOrraTOH, rrpoKorraTb B rpH- 
t 28 3H rrepe.n; JIO.n;KOH rrO.n;06He :>KeJIo6a, tlT06hI XOTh HeMHOrO rrpO.n;BHHYThCH Ha3a.n;. C Tpy.n;OM, HO rrOJIytlHJIOCh. If TaK, MeTp 3a MeTpOM, rrOtlTH CYTKH MhI rrpeO.n;OJIeBaJIH TY tleT- BepTh KHJIOMeTpa, tlTO C XO.n;y rrpOCKOtlHJIH 3a rrapy MHHYT. BKOHe 06eCCHJIeHHhIe, C rreperpeThIM MOTOpOM Mhl B03Bpa- THJIHCh Ha rrepBOe 03epO H .n;O 6eCKOHetlHOCTH .n;OJIrO HCKaJIH rOpJIO HCTOKa. He 3HalO, CKOJIhKO 6hl Mhl rrpOHCKaJIH Bhl- Xo.n;, He 3arJIOXHH MOTOp. B HacTyrrHBllIeH THllIHHe Mhl YC- JIhlllIaJIH OT.n;aJIeHHOe :>KyptlaHHe Bo.n;orra.n;a B HCTOKe. He 6y.n;y paCCKa3hlBaTh, KaK Mhl .n;06HpaJIHCh Ha3a.n;, KaK pa.n;OBaJIHCh BCTpetle C C06PHHhlM H rretlaJIHJIHCh rrOTepe co6aKH. Mhl Tor.n;a TaK YTOMHJIHCh, tlTO H BcrrOMHHaTh He XOtleTCH. A BOT ow;yw;eHHe, tlTO Mhl 6hlJIH 6JIH3KH K pa3ra.n;Ke KaKOH-TO TaH- Hhl, He rrOKH.n;aeT MeHH H cero.n;HH. Kor.n;a Mhl .n;orrhlTaJIH Co6pHHa, rrOtleMY OH He rrOllIeJI C HaMH Ha OCTpOB, TOT OtleHh cephe3HO OTBeTHJI: - A eCJIH 6hl Bhl rrpOrraJIH B TaHre? KTO 6hl Balli p03hlCK opraHH30BaJI? C TaHrOH, rrapeHh, He llIYTHT - B HeH BCH- KO 6hlBaeT, rro.n;CTpaXOBKa HY:>KHa: co6aKa BOH 6eCCJIe.n;HO crHHYJIa. - Ha 6y.n;YW;HH ro.n;, rro pa3JIHBY, CHOBa clOa rrpHe.n;y, - 3aHBHJI BOJIo.n;hKa. - ITo pa3JIHBY STOT HCTOK HerrpOCTO HaHTH - Bce KYC- Tbl B Boe CTOHT. a.n;o BeCHbl ew;e H .n;O:>KHTb Ha.n;o, - OXJIa- HJI ero nblJI C06pHH. - Co6epeMCH JIH Mbl ew;e pa3... KOM- nOJIeH Hac nYCKaTb He XOtleT. - KaKOH TaKOH KOMrrOJIeH? - y.n;HBHJICH H. - CJIyra 30JIOTOH 60rHHH, - rrpHrJIYllIeHHO OTBeTHJI OXOTHHK. - Y Hee TpH xpaHHTeJI.H: BO.n;.HHOH, 3MeH H KOM- nOJIeH - JIeCHOH qeJIOBeK. 
29 i IIOMHIO, H He.n;OBepqHBO YXMhIJIhHYJICH, He rrOBepHB CO- 6pHHCKHM cyeBepHHM, a OH, 3aMeTHB MOIO YXMhIJIKY, 06H- .n;eJICH H He CKa3aJI 60JIhme HH CJIOBa. A MomeT, rrpOCTO rro- u u u CqHTaJI, qTO HarrpaCHO rrporOBOpHJICH 0 CBoeH TaemHOH TaH- He, KOTOpylO rrOCTopOHHHM .n;OBepHTh He CJIe.n;yeT. OceHhlO OH YTOHYJI rrpH HerrOHHTHhIX 06CTOHTeJIhCTBax. Ha 3TOM 3aKOHqHJIHCh MOH rrpaKTHqeCKHe rrOHCKH COPHH- HaH. Ho BOJIelO CJIytlaH OKa3aBmHCh Ha Tporre rrOHCKa, H yme u u He CMor COHTH C Hee H rrpo.n;OJImHJI rrOHCKH CJIe.n;OB IOropCKOH 60rHHH B JIHTepaTypHhIX H HCTOpHqeCKHX HCTOqHHKax. 1\0- HeqHO, H He Mor H rrpe.n;rrOJIaraTh, qTO, .n;OCTaTOqHO rrorreT- JIHB, Tporra 3Ta BhIBe.n;eT MeHH K qy.n;eCHOMY JIYKOMOphlO. Ho rrpem.n;e rrpHmJIOCh rrepeJIHCTaTh rophI KHHr. Ha Moe cqac- The, eCJIH qeM OKa3aJIaCh H 60raTa Hama TIOMeHh, TaK 3TO 6H6JIHOTeKaMH. Te CaMhIe cH6HpCKHe KOMMepcaHThI, KOTO- phIX rrpHHHTO H306paJKaTh rrOJIyrpaMOTHhIMH CaMo.n;ypaMH, Ha .n;eJIe 6hIJIH CTOJIrraMH, Ha KOTOphIX .n;epmBJIOCh rrpOCBe- w;eHHe, KYJIhTypa H TeXHHqeCKHH rrporpecc CH6HpCKOH rrpo- BHHHH. STO KyrrhI CTOHJIH y KOJIhI6eJIH cH6HpCKoro KHHro- rreqaTaHHH, 3TO OHH rrOCTpOHJIH KOMMepqeCKOe H pea.nhHoe yqHJIHw;a, 3TO Ha HX cpe.n;CTBa C06HpaJIHCh cpOH.n;hI JIyqmero B CH6HpH KpaeBe.n;qeCKOrO MY3eH H .n;aJKe KOpMHJIaCh B IIIBeH- apHH rpyrrrra (,OcB060m.n;eHHe Tpy.n;a». MHoro HX 6hIJIO. Ho OCTaHOBHMCH Ha O.n;HOH cpaMHJIHH - TeKYTheB, rrOCKOJIhKY HMeHHO OH rrpHJIOmHJI PYKY K OCHOBaHHK> ropo.n;CKOH 6H6- JIHOTeKH, rrOJIytlHBmeH Ha3BaHHe IIymKHHcKoH. rOpO.n;CKOH rOJIOBa Kyrre TeKYTheB B TK>MeHH CJIhIJI qe- JIOBeKOM BhICOKo06pa30BaHHhIM H rrpOCBew;eHHhIM, rro- CKOJIhKY co.n;epma.n CBOH TeaTp. IIpH TeaTpe B 1989 ro.n;y OTKphIJIaCh rrepBaH B ropo.n;e 6eCrrJIaTHaH rry6JIHqHaH 6H6- 
i 30 JIHOTeKa. A rrOCKOJIbKY TopmeCTBeHHoe OTKpbITHe rrpHYpo- "tIHJIH K lOO-JIeTH1O co ,n;HH pom,n;eHHH A.C. IIYlliKHHa, 6H6- JIHOTeKY Ha3BaJIH IIYlliKHHcKoH. HaKaHYHe peBOJI1OHH ee <pOH,n; COCTaBHJI OKOJIO rrHTH,n;eCHTH TbICH"tI TOMOB. IIocJIe peBOJI1OHH HaHOHaJIH3HpOBaHHbIe 6H6JIHOTeKH peaJIbHOrO Y"tIHJIHID;a, KJIy6a rrpHKa3"t1HKOB, pa6o"tlero KJIY- 6a H ,n;PyrHe 06'be,n;HHHJIH C "tIaCTb1O rrYlliKHHcKOH H pa3Mec- THJIH B 6bIBllieH CrraccKoH epKBH, KOTopaH rrpH10THJIa KHH- rH Ha ,n;OJIroe BpeMH, rrOKa 6e3y,n;epmHo rrpH6bIBa1OID;HH rro- TOK JIHTepaTypbI He 3arrOJIHHJI ,n;o KpaeB CTapbIe CTeHbI, rrO"tlTH He OCTaBHB MeCTa "tIHTaTeJIHM H CJIymHTeJIHM KHHm- Horo KYJIbTa. M Tor,n;a, KaK rJIaCHT rrpe,n;aHHe, OTbI 06JIaCTHOH KYJIb- TYPbI CTaJIH « rrpHHHMaTb MepbI» . ,n:JIH Ha"tlaJIa JIHKBH,n;HpO- BaJIH T1OMeHCKoe KHHmHoe H3,n;aTeJIbCTBO, B Ha,n;em,n;e rrpH- YMeHblliHTb rrpHTOK KHHr B XpaHHJIHID;e. C 3TOH "tIaCTb1O rrporpaMMbI « OTaM» y,n;aJIOCb crrpaBHTbCH ,n;OBOJIbHO JIer- KO. A "tITo6bI CHH3HTb 3<p<peKT OT ,n;OCTOHHOH repOCTpaTO- BOH CJIaBbI aKHH, B crrelliHOM rropH,n;Ke rrpHcTyrrHJIH K CTpO- HTeJIbCTBY HOBOH 6H6JIHOTeKH. Pe3YJIbTaT rrpeB30llieJI Bce omH,n;aHHH: ropo,n; rrOJIY"tIHJI rrpeKpacHbIH xpaM KYJIbTypbI H HaYKH H 3am,n;aBlliHeCH "tIH- TaTeJIH CMOrJIH, HaKOHe, ,n;o6paTbcH ,n;o ro,n;aMH rrbIJIHB- lliHXCH B <poH,n;ax H He,n;ocTyrrHbIx rro "tIHCTO TeXHH"tIeCKHM rrpH"tIHHaM KHHr. CJIOBOM, MHe rrOBe3JIO. O,n;HaKo, BorrpeKH OjKH,n;aHHHM, HHTepeCY1OID;HX MeHH KHHr OKa3aJIOCb HeMHoro. - A BbI He rrp060BaJIH 06paTHTbCH B MBA? - rromaJIe- JIa MeHH ,n;emypHaH 3aJIa KaTaJIOrOB. - MBA? - y,n;HBHJICH H. 
i _ 31 - MBA, - rrO,n;TBep,n;HJIa ,n;emypHaH. - 8TO Halli HO- BbIH OT,n;eJI - Mem6H6JIHOTeqHbIii a60HeMeHT. Qepe3 Hero BbI MomeTe 3aKa3aTb He06xo,n;HMY1O KHHry H3 JI1060H 6H6- JIHOTeKH C0103a. 06paTHTeCb TaM K KaJIHHHHOH... IIoBTo- pHTb He rrpHlliJIOCb. 3aBe,n;Y1OID;aH OT,n;eJIOM MBA He,n;OJIrO H3yqaJIa rrpe,n;CTaB- JIeHHbIH MHOH crrHCOK. 3aTeM HcrrbITY1OID;e OrJIH,n;eJIa MeHH H rrOHHTepeCOBaJIaCb: - 30JIOTY1O Ba6y HID;eTe? H He 3Ha1O OTqerO CMYTHJICH H rrOrrbITaJICH orrpaB,n;aTbCH. - Y me rrp060BaJI, He rrOJIyqHJIOCb. Terrepb XOqy rrpOCTO rr060JIbllie pa3Y3HaTb 0 HeH, qT06bI He HCKaTb, He 3HaH qTO. - MHorHe Ha HeH ce6e llie10 CBepHY JIH. .. ECJIH ,n;a,n;HTe CJIOBO, qTO HCKaTb ee 60JIbllie He 6y,n;eTe, TaK H 6bITb, rrOMO- ry BaM. H KJIHTBeHHO 3aBepHJI, qTO HCKaTb HHKaKHX 6a6 B TaH- re 60JIbllie He 6y,n;y H B MOH mH3HeHHbIe rrJIaHbI rrOIiCK 30JIO- TbIX Ba6 HHKaK He BrrHCbIBaeTCH. 3aBe,n;Y1OID;aH YCMeXHYJIaCb MOHM YBepeHHHM H ,n;OCTaJIa TeTpa,n;OqKY: - 3,n;eCb y MeHH rro,n;06paHa He60JIblliaH 6H6JIHOrpa- qJHH 3TOH TeMbI. IIorrp06yeM 3aKa3aTb. A rrOKa... BbI JIbBa TerrJIOBa qHTaJIH? HeT? 0, 3TO 60JIblliOH 3HTY3HaCT rrOHCKOB 30JIOTOH Ba6bI. Y Hac B 3aJIe rrepHo,n;HKH eCTb ero CTaTbH.. . M BOT H ,n;epmy B pYKax mypHaJI «3HaHHe - CHJIa». ,n:a, OCHOBaTeJIbHO rropa60TaJI mypHaJIHCT TerrJIOB. Ha KOH,n;e, KaK H y Hac C BOJIO,n;bKOH, ero rrOHCKH He YBeHqaJIHCb ycrre- XOM, 3aTO B apXHBax T060JIbCKOH KOHCHCTOpHH y,n;aJIOCb OTbICKaTb KOe-qTO: «B 1863 ro,n;y CBHID;eHHHK IIorroB BbI- 
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33 i HHCTPYKHH «KOH,n;HHCKOH MHCCHH» , COCTaBJIeHHaH He- 3OJIrO,n;o peBOJIIOHH, OnHTb Tpe60BaJIa OT MHCCHOHepOB HeMe,n;JIeHHO pa3bICKaTb H,n;OJIa, CJIbIByero no,n; Ha3BaHHeM TpOHKOrO, K KOTOPOMY, KaK K eHTpy H,n;OJIOnOKJIOHCTBa, CTeKalOTCH OTOBCIO,n;y HHOPO,n;u.bI-CaMOe.n;bI H OCTHKH-H,n;O- JIOnOKJIOHHHKH H XpHCTHaHe. TpoHKoe - ceJIO pH.n;OM C Be- JIoropbeM, H Hey,n;HBHTeJIbHO, 'tITO 60rOnpOTHBHbIH H.n;OJI C TaB- HbIM HMeHeM nOJIytlHJI XpHCTHaHCKOe HB.3BaHHe - TpoHKHH. H3 nepe'tlHCJIeHHbIX B .n;OKYMeHTaX Ha3BaHHH MeCT H Ha- CeJIeHHbIX nYHKTOB, TaK HJIH HHa'tle CBH3aHHbIX C MeCTOnpe- 6bIBaHHeM TaHHCTBeHHOrO H,n;OJIa, BbITeKaJIO, 'tITO nOCJIe.n;Hee ero 06HTaJIHe Haxo,n;HJIOCb n06JIH30CTH OT Tex MeC'l', Ha KOTopbIe YKa3aJI HaM AneKceH Cypry'tleB. IIoxome, 'tITO MbI 6bIJIH 6JIH3KH OT ero y6emHa. Oco6eHHO OT'tIeTJIHBO MbICJIb 06 3TOM B03HHKJIa, Kor,n;a $I ,n;O'tlHTaJI ,n;o KOHa CTaTblO Ten- JIOBa: «CTapHKH rpHropHH H IIapcpeHTHH Cypry-qeBbI 6bIJIH lliaMaHbI HJIH CBH3aHbI C waMaHaMH 30JIOTOH Ba6bI, XOTH O.n;HH H3 HHX 6bIJI ,n;ame npe,n;ce.n;aTeJIeM KOJIX03a. O,n;Ham,n;bI rpHropHH Cypry-qeB, no,n;BbInHB, paCCKa3aJI OXOTHHKY Ka.n;YJIHHY: «3Haewb 'tITO, Ka.n;YJIHH, 3TOT maH- TaH HaXO,lJ;HTCH B nOKoe. HHKOMY H HHKor.n;a ero He HaHTH. ECTb MaJIeHbKHH OCTpOBOK cpe.n;H 60JIOT...» Bce COBna,n;aJIO C paCCKa30M Moero npHHTeJIH. He Ha- rrpaCHO npe,n;ynpem,n;aJIa MeHH 3aBe,n;YIOaH MBA He CBH- 3bIBaTbCH C 30JIOTOH Ba6oH. IlonaB B ccpepy ee npHTHme- u HHH, $I He3aMeTHO YBJIeKCH ee pO,n;OCJIOBHOH, OT .n;aBaH ee H3Y- t-leHHIO Bce cBo6o,n;Hoe BpeMH. B npo[(eCce 3TOH YBJIeKaTeJIbHOH pa60TbI COBepmeHHO Heo- .iKH,n;aHHO, HO, KaK OKa3aJIOCb, BnOJIHe 3aKOHOMepHO Ha nep- u BbIH nJIaH BbIJIe3JIa H, nOJIHOCTblO 3aCJIOHHB nepBOHallaJIbHO 2 - 5<)<)) 
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_ 39 i ,n;06paJICH ,n;o KarrHa IOrOpCKOH 60rHHH MOMaJIbI H e,n;Ba YHeC HOrH OT pa3'bHpeHHbIX 6bHpMOB. He ,n;peMaJIH H rrpe,n;rrpHHMqHBbIe HOBropO,n;n;bI, CHapH- maBIIIHe B rroxo,n;bI 3a rrYIIIHHHoH B CTpaHbI rrOJIYHOHbIe BaTarH OTqaHHHbIX CMeJIbqaKOB-YIIIKYHHHKOB. 113 XI BeKa ,n;OIIIeJI ,n;o Hac paCCKa3 0 rrOHCKe rrYTH B IOrpy OTpOKaMH rlOpHTbI POrOBHqa. MHomeCTBO qy,n;ec rrOBe,n;aJI OH KHeB- CKOMY HrYMeHY, HO He yrroMHHYJI 0 rJIaBHOM - IOropCKOM 30JIOTOM H,n;OJIe. B03MomHO, H3bIqeCKaH ,n;YIIIa HOBropO,n;n;a He rrpHHHJIa ee HOBOH peJIHrHH H BTaHHe COXpaHHJIa Bep- HOCTb CTapbIM 60raM PYCHqeH, cxomHM C 30JIOTOH Ba6oH. He O,n;HO CTOJIeTHe 6y,n;yr ee CKpbITHO rrpOTHBHTbCH XPH- CTH8.HCKOH Bepe B 06IIIHpHbIX rrpe,n:eJIax HOBropo,n;CKHX H, qHC- JIHCb B rrpHxo,n;e rrpaBOCJIaBHbIMH, B ,n;OMaIIIHeM 6bITY coxpa- HHTb H3bIqeCKHe rrOBephH. TOJIbKO B XII BeKe rrpOHHKHeT yqe- HHe XpHcTa K BHTHqaM, B BOJIOro,n;cKYIO 3eMJIIO, Ha 6eper CeBepHoH .D:BHHbI H KaMbI. Ee rr03,n;Hee rrpHMYT ee rrepMHHe (3bIpHHe), rrOKJIOHHHKH MOMa-Ba6bI, KOTOpylO YMHbIH rro,n;- BHmHHK CTecp8.H IIepMcKHH Ha30BeT 30JIOTOH. OT CTecp8.Ha IIepMcKoro BrrepBbIe rrOHBHJIOCb Ha PYCH rrHCbMeHHoe H3Bec- THe 0 IOropCKOM IIIaHTaHe, XOTH 0 HeM HaBepHHKa H p8.HbIIIe 3HaJIH. .D:a H KaK He 3HaTb, ecJIH yme C XI-XII BeKOB HOBro- pO,n;n;bI rrpHBbNHO rrpoMbIIIIJIHJIH B 3aypaJIbe H Ha 6eperax 06H C060JIH H KYHHn;y. YMy,n;PHJIHCb K B3aHMHOH BbIro,n;e H C TY- 3eMn;aMH JIHTb. qymHe 60rH rrOJIeCOBHKaM He MeIIIaJIH: B TaHre B KaJK,n;OM ypoqHe CBOH IIIaHT8.H BJIbIKa - ero H y6- JIamaH . KaK HH 6HJICH errHCKorr CTecpaH, o6pam;aa B HOBYIO Bepy :>RHTeJIeH IIepMcKoH 3eMJIH, MHome 3bIpHHe He rrpHHHJIH XPH- CTHaHCTBa H, rrpo,n;OJImaH rrOqHTaTb BeJIHKYIO 60rHHIO MOMY, 
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i 58 cHry, CBHTOTaTCTBO, 3aIIpeTHblii IIpOMbICeJI, HO 3THM H or- paHHqHBaeTCH ero HpaBCTBeHHoe BJIHHHHe. CTaJIO 6bITb, He- 3aqeM 6pocaTb CTOJIb y06HYIO Bepy B yroy CypOBOMY H HeIIOHHTHOMY XpHCTY, 6e3 KOToporo He CTYIIHTb H llIara. OTKpOBeHHaH Heyaqa IIpaBOCJIaBHH B CH6HpH IIPH- BJIeKJIa BHHMaHHe lleTpa I, H B 1700 roy B To6oJIbcK 6bIJI Ha3HaqeH HOBbIH MHTpOIIOJIHT <PHJIocpeH JIem;HHCKHH. Ho- BbIH MHTpOIIOJIHT HallIeJI To6oJIbCKY1O eIIapXHIO B IIeqaJIb- HOM COCTOHHHH: epKBeH 6bIJIO MaJIO, H3blqHHKH OCTaBa- JIHCb 6e3 OrJIallIeHHH IIpOIIOBeblO, a B TO:>Ke BpeMH HCJIaM IIpOOJI:>KaJI 3aBoeBbIBaTb YMbI BorYJIHqeii. B KOHe 1 706 roa apb lleTp IIpeIIHCaJI <PHJIocpelO H 6epe30BcKoMY BoeBoe IIpH3BaTb JIHIIHHCKoro KHH3H illeK- llIY H CIIpOCHTb ero, He IIO:>KeJIaeT JIH OH 3a apCKHe MHJIOC- TH IIPHHHTb xpHCTHaHCKYIO Bepy. llOIIaBllIHH B 6e3BbIXO- Hoe IIOJIO:>KeHHe KHH3b illeKllIa 6bIJI Kpem;eH B 1 711 roy. B TOM:>Ke roy To60JIbCKHH ry6epHaTOp KHH3b M.ll. ra- rapHH, BbIIIOJIHHH BOJIIO lleTpa I, CHOBa HaCTOHqHBO IIpe- JIO:>KHJI <PHJIocpelO 3aHHTbCH Kpem;eHHeM cH6HPCKHX HHO- poeB. ,n:JIH YCIIexa 3KCIIeHHH OH cHa6HJI ero MOHaxa- MH, CYHOM, rpe6aMH, TOJIMaqaMH-IIepeBOqHKaMH, oxpaHoii, eHbraMH H Bem;aMH JIH pa3aqH HOBOKpem;e- HbIM. CTaBKa eJIaJIaCb Ha « KHYT H IIpHHHK» . Bo6aBoK CJIyqHJIOCb Ha lleJIbIMe qpe3BblqaHHOe IIpO- HCllIeCTBHe. Y TaMOllIHero BorYJIbCKOrO KHH3H CaTblrH 3a- 60JIeJIH Boe CbIHOBeH. meJIaH BbIMOJIHTb HM Y HOJIOB HC- eJIeHHe, CaTblra HHqerO He :>KaJIeJI H HCIIOJIHHJI Bce IIPHXO- TH llIaMaHOB. Ho, HeCMOTpH Ha Bce :>KepTBbI, CbIHOBbH YMepJIH. Tora o6e3YMeBllIHH OT ropH OTe H3py6HJI H IIO- :>Ker HOJIOB. TaKoe IIpOHCllIeCTBHe <PHJIocpeH JIeHHcKHH 
_ 59 i cqeJI HaH60JIee 6JIarOrrpHHTHbIM JIH HaqaJIa XpHCTHaHH- 3HH. HeMaJIO rrOTpYHBIlIHCb, B3HB H3MOpOM H rrpHHY:>KeHH- eM, OH OKpeCTHJI 60JIbIlIHHCTBO rreJIbIMCKHX BorYJIOB, 3a HCKJIlOqeHHeM caMoro CaTbIrH Hero rrpH6JIH:>KeHHbIX, YK- pbIBaBIlIHX B TaHre rJIaBHOrO KOHHHCKoro HOJIa. MMeHHbIM rrpHKa30M CH6HPCKOMY MHTpOrrOJIHTY OT 6 e- Ka6pH 1714 roa lIeTp I CHOBa rrperrHCaJI: «lIo ceMY YKa3Y exa Tb Te6e, 60rOMOJIbD:Y HallieMY, BO BCIO 3eMJIIO Ory JIbC- KYIO H OCTHD:KYIO H BO Bce ye3bI, H B TaTapbI, H B TYHrY3bI, H B HKYTbI, H B BOJIOCTHX HX, re HaHeIlIb KYMHPbI H KY- MHPHHD:bI H HeqeCTHBbIe HX qTHJIHm;a, H TO rro ceMY... YKa- 3Y rrO:>Keqb, a HX BorYJIHqeH, OCTHKOB, TaTap H Bcex HHO- 3eMD:eB BO:>KHelO rrOMOm;blO H CBOHMH TpyaMH B XPHCTH- aHcKYIO Bepy rrpHBoHTb. . . » BecHoH 1715 roa MHTpOrrOJIHT CHOBa BbIeXaJI K Bory- JIaM. B COCTaBe MHCCHH 6bIJI CbIJIbHbIH Ka3aqHH rrOJIKOBHHK rpHropHH HOBHD:KHH, BbICoKoo6pa30BaHHbIH JIH CBoero BpeMeHH qeJIOBeK, OCTaBHBIlIHH B rraMHTb 0 CBoeH MHCCHO- HepcKoH eHTeJIbHOCTH «KpaTKoe OrrHCaHHe 0 Hapoe OCTHD:- KOM» - 6eCD:eHHbIH TPY, K KOTOPOMY 6YYT 06pam;aTbCH MHorHe HCTOpHKH H 3THorpacpbI. He H36e:>KaTb 3Toro H HaM. ¥rropHoe corrpOTHBJIeHHe MHCCHOHepaM OKa3aJIH KOH- HHCKHe MaHCH H3 HaXpaqHHCKHX IOpT, qTO B cpeHeM Te- qeHHH KOHbI. lIpH6bIBIlIHM BepOHcrrOBeHHKaM BOryJIbI BO rJIaBe C rop6aTbIM IlIaMaHOM HaXpaqOM EBJIaeBbIM TO rpo- 3HJIH CMepTblO, TO rrpeJIaraJIH YBeJIHqHTb aHb Ha CBoero HOJIa, HaJIO:>KeHHYIO 6YTO 6bI EpMaKOM, HaKOHeD: CorJIa- CHJIHCb rrpHHHTb Kpem;eHHe C YCJIOBHeM: 60ra HX He YHHq- TO:>KaTb, a, OKpeCTHBIlIH H B03JIO:>KHBIlIH Ha Hero 30JIOTOH 
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t 64 CKa30K BHTCKOH ry6epHHH» OTMeqaeTCH: 4...nOJIb3YK>ID;H- MHCH H3BeCTHOCTbK> B OKOJIOTKe CKa30QHHK8.MH OKa3bIB81OT- CH 3eCb QaID;e COJIaThI... a:me H CKa30'tlHHKH He COJIaTbI, 6eccnopHO, n03aHMCTBOBaJIH MHorHe CBOH CKa3KH o'r COJI- aT. . . » . STO nOJIOmeHHe, O'tleBHHO, cnpaBeJIHBO He HCKJIK>- 'tIHTeJIbHO JIH BHTCKOH ry6epHHH, HO H JIH pyrHx o6JIac- TeH. HMeHHO HOBropOCKHe pymHHHHKH, KaaaKH-nepBO- npOXObI, BOHHbI, HMID;HKH H COJIaTbI npHHeCJIH Ha PYCb Te Heo6bIKHOBeHHbIe CBeeHHH 0 mH3HeHHOM YKJIa,n;e, 06bI- 'tIaHX H BepOBaHHHX IOrpbI, KOTopbIe, nepeMewaBllIHCb C peBHeCJIaBHHCKOH MHtPOJIOrHeH H tPOJIbKJIOpOM, HaJIOmH- JIH OTne'tlaTOK Ha BOJIwe6HbIe CKa3KH 0 Ba6e-Hre. B HapOHbIX PYCCKHX CKa3Kax, co6paHHbIX B npOWJIOM BeKe AcpaHaCbeBbIM, IOropCKHe MOTHBbI npocTynaIDT OCTa- TO'tlHO OTtIeTJIHBO. B CKa3Ke 0 BaCHJIHCe IIpeKpacHoH, MaTb, YMHpaH, rOBopHT O'tlepH: 4BMeCTe C pOHTeJIbCKHM 6JIaro- CJIOBeHHeM OCTaBJIHIO Te6e BOT 3TY KYKJIY, 6eperH ee Bcera npH ce6e H HHKOMY He nOKa3bIBaH, a Kora npHKJIlO"tIHTCH Te6e KaKoe rope, aH eH noeCTb H cnpOCH Y Hee COB eTa» . Ha- tIMO 3TOH CKa3KH 0 Ba6e-Hre HMeeT HBHO cH6HpCKHe KOpHH. IIoxomHH ClOmeT C KYKJIOH-6a6YWKOH BCTpe"tlaeM B CKa3Ke Ka3bIMCKHX xaHTOB « XHJIbI H AKM 'tIepHOe cepe » (3anHcaHa A. TapXaHOBbIM): «Ha nepenyrbe ceMH COpOB, Ha nepenyrbe ceMH peK jKHJI XHJIbI co CBoeH 6a6YIIIKOH, 3BaJIH ee lIMa... B YCJIOBHbIH tlac B YCJIOBHbIH eHb npHlIIeJIAKH (CTapHK), qepHOe cepe C epeBHHHbIM HOJIOM-6omKOM, H XHJIbI Tome no6eCnOKOHJICH 0 3aHTe: yroBOpHJI CBOID MYPYIO 6a6ymKY HMa CecTb B HapTOtIKY, HeJI Ha Hee YKpameHHH, nJIaTKH, nJIaTbH - npe06pa3HJIaCb cTapyxa. "CaMa 60rHHH BYT- HMH nOmaJIOBaJIa Ha cnop", - nOYMaJI TPYCJIHBbIH AKH, YBHeB 
65 i pa3HapSimeHHY1O "KYKJIY" ». B 3TOH CKa3Ke no,[( CJIOBOM 6a- 6YIlIKa nOHHMaeTCSi ee H306pameHHe B BH,D;e KYKJIbI. Y XaHTOB H MaHCH (paBHO KaK Y HeHeB H ,[(PyrHx CeBep- HbIX HapO,[(OB) Cym;ecTBOBaJI 06bItIaH ,[(eJIaTb KYKOJI-HT- TapM - BMeCTHJIHm;a,[(ym YMepmHX, KOTOpbIe mHBYT B KYK- JIaX, nOKa He B03pO,D;HTCSi B KaKOM-JIH60 pe6eHKe. KYKJIY H3 epeBa o,[(eBaJIH H CTaBHJIH Ha nOCTeJIH YMepmero. Bo BpeMSi u e,[(bI K HeH B nepBYK> OtIepe,[(b npHBHranH KYCOtIKH nHH. KYKJIa CtIHTaJIaCb npOTHBOnOJIOmHOCTbK> ,[(BOHHHKa nOKOH- u HHKa, KOTOpbIH MomeT npHtIHHHTb Bpe,[( ceMbe YMepwero. KYKJIa Be,[(eT 60Pb6y C ,[(BOHHHKOM 11 oxpaHHeT OT Hero IOPTY. B PYCCKOH" CKa3Kae KYKJIa, BMeCTHJIHe ,D;YWH MaTepH, no- MoraeT BaCHJIHCe no6e,D;HTb Hry. 't.{ TO 3TO - 3aHMCTBOBaHHe HJIH OTrOJIOCOK ,D;peBHero 06bItIaSi? « BaCHJIHCa nomJIa B CBOH tIY JIaHtIHK, nOCTaBHJIa nepe,D; KYKJIOK> ymHH H CKa38JIa: "Ha, u u KYKOJIKa, nOKywaH ,D;a Moero ropH nOCJIywaH: MeHSi nOCbI- JIalOT 3a orHeM K Ba6e-Hre; Ba6a-Hra C"beCT MeH.H!" KYKOJI- Ka noeJIa, H rJIa3a ee 3a6JIecTeJIH KaK ,[(Be CBetIKH. "He 60HCSi, BaCHJIHcymKa, - CKa3aJIaOHa. - CTynaH, Ky,[(anOCbIJIaIOT, TOJIbKO MeHSi ,[(epmH Bcer,[(a npH ce6e..." » B03MomHo, npeCTaBJIeHHe, tITO ,[(yma tIeJIOBeKa, 3aK- u JIIOQeHHaH B ,[(epeBHHHOH KYKJIe-HTTapMe, ,D;OJImHa B03pO- u u )J;HTbCSi B HOBopom,[(eHHOM, npOSiBHJIOCb B APyroH PYCCKOH , CKa3Ke 0 «TepemetIKe H Be,[(bMe»: «.. .CTapHK co cTapyxoH c,[(eJIaJIH KOJIOAOtIKY, nOJIOmHJIH B JIIOJIeQKY, 3aBepHYJIH B neJIeHOt.lKY, 11 BMeCTO KOJIO,[(OtIKH CTaJI paCTH CbIHOK Tepe- met.lKa... OTe c,[(eJIaJI eMY t.leJIHOtIOK. TepeIlIeQKa noexaJI pbI6y JIOBHTb». IIocJIe,[(HSiSi ,[(eTaJIb ew;e pa3 no,n;TBep,[(aeT ceBepHoe npOHcxom,[(eHHe CKa3KH, r,[(e pbI6HaH JIOBJISi C Ma- JIOJIeTCTBa - rJIaBHOe 3aHHTHe KopeHHoro HaCeJIeHHH. 3 - 5993 
j 66 IIOCTo.HHHoe MeCTO 06HTaHH.H HrH - ,lI;peMY"tJ:HH JIec. mHBeT OHa B MaJIeHbKOH H36YllIKe Ha KypbHX HomKax, Ta- KOH MaJIeHbKOH, "tJ:TO, JIema B HeH, Hra 3aHHMaeT BCIO H36y. IIo,ll;XO,ll;.H K HeH, repOH 06bIKHOBeHHO rOBopHT: «II36YIlIKa- H36YIlIKa. BCTaHb K JIecy 38.,l1;OM, KO MHe nepe,ll;OM!» IIoBep- HYJIaCb H36YIlIKa, a B HeH Ba6a-Hra: «<Py-cpy! PYCCKHM ,lI;y- XOM naXHeT... TbI, ,lI;06pbIH MOJIO,ll;e, OT ,lI;eJIa nbITaellib HJIH ,lI;eJIa nbITaellIb?» TOT eH H OTBe"tJ:aeT: «TbI, CTapa.H, npem,ll;e HanoH-HaKopMH, a nOTOM npo BeCTH cnpaIlIHBaH». HecoM- HeHHo, CKa3Ka 3Ta npH,lI;YMaHa JIIO,lI;bMH, XOpOIliO 3HaKOMbI- MH C 6bITOM 06CKHX yrpoB. <Ppa3a 0 PYCCKOM ,lI;yxe nonaJIa B Hee He CJIy"tJ:aHHO. ,n:erOTb, IlIHpOKO npHMeH.HBIlIHHC.H PYC- CKHMH ,lI;JI.H nponHTKH KomaHOH 06YBH, C6PYH H Kopa6eJIb- HbIX CHaCTeH, pa3,l1;pamaJI "tJ:YTKoe 060H.HHHe TaemHHKOB, ynoTpe6JI.HBIlIHX ,lI;JI.H nponHTKH 06YBH rYCHHbIH H pbI6HbIH mHpbI. rOCTb, 3allIe,ll;IlIHH B IOPTY B «CMa3HbIX canorax», OCTaBJI.HJI nOCJIe ce6.H CTOHKHH 3anax pYCCKoro ,lI;yxa. HapO,ll;OBOJIe C. IIIBeoB, oT6bIBaBllIHH CCbIJIKY B Cyp- rYTe, OCTaBHJI B CBOHX «O"tJ:epKax CyprYTCKoro Kpa.H» JIIO- 60nbITHYlO 3anHCb, nO,ll;TBepm,ll;alOW;YIO, "tJ:TO npOH3BO,ll;CTBO ,lI;erT.H MeCTHOMY HaCeJIeHHIO 6bIJIO He3HaKOMO ern;e B KOHe XIX BeKa: «B CyprYTcKoM Kpae, KaK PbI6oJIOBHOM, no- Tpe6JI.HeTC.H 60JIbllIOe KOJIH"tJ:eCTBO CMOJIbI H ,lI;erT.H, HymHblx ,lI;JI.H CMOJIeHH.H JIO,ll;OK, cHacTeH H T. n. IIpH 06HJIHH JIeca rOH- Ka CMOJIbI H ,lI;erT.H no"tJ:TH HH"tJ:ero He CTOHJIa 6bI HaCeJIeHHIO, HO HHKTO H3 MeCTHbIX mHTeJIeH He YMeeT rHaTb ,lI;erOTb H pbI6aKH nOKynalOT no py6JIIO H ,lI;opome 3a Be,ll;pO, npHB03H- MbIH H3 CaMapOBa, r,ll;e 3THM 3aHHMaIOTC.H KpeCTb.HHe». HallIeJI CBoe OTpameHHe B CKa3Ke H 06bI"tJ:aft ceBepHoro rOCTenpHHMCTBa: rOCT.H nOJIaraeTC.H CHa"tJ:aJIa HaKopMHTb, a 3aTeM MomHO paccnpallIHBaTb. 
67 i TaHHcTBeHHaH H36YllIKa Ha KypbHX HomKax He 'tJ:TO HHoe, KaK IlIHpOKO H3BeCTHbIH Ha CeBepe Jla6a3 HJlH 'tJ:aMbH, THrr X03HHCTBeHHOH rrOCTpOHKH Ha BbICOKHX rJlaKHX cToJl6ax, rrpeHa3Ha'tJ:eHHbIH JlH coxpaHeHHH CHaCTeH H rrpHrraCOB OT MbIllieH H XHIIJ;HHKOB. JIa6a3bI Bcera CTaBHTCH « K Jlecy 3a- OM, K rrYTHHKY rrepeOM», 'tJ:T06bI BXO B Hero HaXOHJlCH co CTOpOHbI peKH HJlH JleCHOH TporrbI. llCCJleOBaTeJlb T1O- MeHCKoro CeBepa B.lI. EBJlaOB B CBoeH KHHre-OT'tJ:eTe «1I0 TYHpaM HMaJIa K BeJlOMY OCTPOBY» paCCKa3aJl, KaK ero crrYTHHKH-HeHbI, a H OH CaM rro HX Tpe60BaHH1O, rrpH rrpH- 6J1HmeHHH K CBHTOMY MeCTY - 06HTaJlHIIJ;Y HOJlOB-CHa- eB, rrepeOeBaJIH oemy H llIarrKH 3MOM Harrepe (rrepeOM Ha3a), 'tJ:T06bI 06MaHYTb 3J10rO yxa H He HaBJle'tJ:b Ha ce6H Kapy 3a rrOCeIIJ;eHHe 3arrpeTHoH TeppHTopHH. TaKoe rrepeoeBaHHe OJlmHO 6bIJlO BBeCTH B 3a6J1yme- HHe llIaHTaHa - rrOKa3aTb eMY, 'tJ:TO rrYTHHK CTOHT K HeMY 3aoM, rroKHaeT 3arrpeTHoe MecTo, a He rrpH6J1HmaeTCH K HeMY. II Tora 06MaHYTbIH yx OKa3bIBaJlCH Hecrroc06HbIM rrpH'tJ:HHHTb 3J10 HapYllIHTeJl10 rrOKOH ero BJlaeHHH. lIpH 3TOM EBJlaOB rrO'tJ:epKHBaeT, 'tJ:TO BOHTH Ha TeppHTopH1O HOJla pa3pellIaJlOCb TOJlbKO co CTporo orrpeeJleHHOH CTO- pOHbI. B CBeTe BbIllIeH3J10meHHOro, CKa30'tJ:HaH cppa3a «ll3- 6YIlIKa-H36YIlIKa, rrOBepHHCb K Jlecy 3MOM, KO MHe - rrepe- OM» rrpeCTaeT rrepe HaMH C HeomHaHHOH CTOpOHbI H rrpHHHMaeT KOHKpeTHoe 3Ha'tJ:eHHe. ECJlH rrpOCTOH rrepeBO- pOT oembI 3aOM Harrepe KapHHaJIbHO MeHHeT OTHOllIe- HHe Memy 'tJ:eJlOBeKOM H 3J1bIM YXOM, TO, 3Ha'tJ:HT, TaKHM me 06pa30M MomHO rrepeMeHHTb H xapaKTep HaCTpoeHHH caMoro 3J10rO yxa, OJlHeTBOpHeMoro HOJlOM, eCJlH pa3- BepHYTb yme caMoro HOJla Ha 180 rpaYCOB. lIo rrOBepbHM 
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69 i IIo.n;o6HhIe Hre. He HCqeaalOW;He C TetIeHHeM BeKOB npem.n;e Bcero nOTOMY, qTO aapo.n;HJIHCh OHH Ha OCHOBe cpaKTHqeCKO- ro 3THorpacpHtIeCKOrO MaTepH8JIa H pe8JIhHhIX Ha6JIIO.n;eHHH. He60JIhWHe OXOTHHqhH JIa6aahI HHor.n;a .n;eJIaIOTC.a Ha BYX-Tpex BhICOKO CnHJIeHHhIX nH.ax - tIeM He KYPhH Hom- KH? Ew;e 60JIhWe noxomH Ha CKaaOtIHYIO Ha6YWKY He6oJIh- IlIHe, 6ea OKOH H 6ea .n;BepeH KYJIhTOBhIe aM6apQHKH B PHTY- aJIbHhIX MeCTax - ypax. B HHX 06hIqHO Haxo.n;HJIHCh KYK- JI&I-HTTapMhI B MexOBOH HaHOHaJI&HOH o.n;em.n;e. KYKJIa 3aHHM8JIa C060H IIOtITH BeCh 8.M6aptIHK; MomeT, HMeHHO no- 3TOMY B CKaaKax Bcer.n;a Mana H36YillKa Ba6e-Hre. TOtIHee, 6a6e-B-.are, nOCKOJIhKY .aroH Ha3hIBaeTCH MeXOBa.a .n;oxa. H.A. A6paMOB B «OqepKaX Bepe30BCKoro KpaH» (CII6., 1857) 06'&HcH.aeT, 'tITO .ara - o.n;em.n;a Hano.n;o6He XaJIaTa C OTKJIa.n;H&IM, B tIeTBepT&, BOpOTHHKOM. ill&eTCH H3 TeMHbIX HenJIlOeB, llIepCThlO Hapymy. HeKoTophIe no,n; Hee no,n;KJIa- &IBaIOT 6eJIHtIHH HJIH neCOB:bIH Mex, a HHhIe - cpJIaHeJI&. YnoTpe6JI.aeTcH 6epe30BcKHMH 'tIHHOBHHKaMH H KynaMH B ropo.n;e, H oco6eHHo B ,n;opore. TaKHe.iRe HrH co6HpalOTc.a H3 raraphHX llIeeK, nephHMH Hapymy; no KpaCHBOCTH H pe,n;- KOCTH OHH eHHTC.a ,n;o 150 py6JIeH cepe6poM. HrYIlIKa- TaKa.a me Hra, HO C Y3KHM BOpOTHHKOM, Ha,l];eBaeMa.a 6epe- 30BCKHMH meHlIJ;HH8MH B ,n;opore. B.ll. ,D:anb B CBoeM « CJI OB ape » , ,n;aBaH CJIOBY 8.HaJIOrHtIHOe TOJIKOBaHHe, IIo.n;tIepKHBaerr ero To6oJI&CKOe npOHcxom,n;eHHe. B 1771 ro,n;y B.q>. 3yeB, n06&IBaBillHH B Bepe30BcKoM ye3.n;e, OIIHCaJI O,n;HO TaKoe KaIIHm;e C H,n;OJIaMH: «CTO.aT B JIecy, B MaJIeHbKHX, HapOtIHTO c,n;eJIaHHhIX TepeMKax, o,n;e- T&I B CYKOHH&Ie ManH&I, BC.aKHMH JIHThIMH OJIOBHHH&IMH, Me,n;H&IMH, meJIe3H&IMH cpHrypKaMH cHa6meHH&Ie, B IIHMax, 
i 7 0 H Ha rOJIOBe BeHhl Cepe6pHHhle, BKpyr HX ,n;OBOJIhHO HaKJIa- u u ,n;eHO BCHKHX ,n;OMOBhIX BeeH, K8.K "tIallIeK, JIOmeK, HOmeH, por C Ta6aKOM 6e30TJIy"tlHO 6hlBaeT H npo"tl.». HecoMHeHHo, noo6Hoe 3peJIHe npOH3Bo,n;HJIO HeH3rJIa,D;HMOe Bne"tlaTJIe- HHe H B nepeCKa3e cnoc06Ho 6hlJIO CTaTh oCHoBoH CKa30"tl- Horo ClOmeTa. BepCTa IlleCTaJI Y JIIO)J;Oe)J;KH Ba6a-.Hra: «IToKaTaIOCb H, rro- BaJIHIOCb H, TepeIIIe'tlKHHOrO MHca HaeBillHCb! » PYCC1CaJl C1Ca31Ca «TepeWell1Ca» Ka3aJIOCh 6hl, Bce HCHO C HroH. BOJIelO cy,n;e6 H3,n;peBJIe coce,n;CTBOBaJIH pYCCKHe C ypaJIhCKHMH H 06CKHMH yrpa- MH, nopoH BOeBaJIH, nopoH TOprOBaJIH, C06HpaJIH HcaK C nOKopeHHhlX, pO.n;HHJIHCh H BMeCTe OXOTHJIHCh B ,n;e6pHx. If 06eHHe He 3aMe,n;JIHJIO CKa3aThCH B KYJIhType, neCHHX H CKa3Kax. M3 3anOBe,n;Hh1X llIaHTaHcKHx ypOqH IOrphl B pYCCKHe CKa3KH nepeCeJIHJIH Ha6JIIO,n;aTeJIhHble nepBonpo- XO,n;hl He06hlKHoBeHHYlO H36YllIKY Ha KyphHX HomKax H pa30,n;eToro B pOCKOllIHYIO Hry H,n;OJIa C H3Ma3aHHhlM KpO- BhlO pTOM. Bce Bpo,n;e TaK, ,n;a BOT 6e,n;a: He ,n;aBaJIa nOKOH cppa3a H3 CKa3KH 0 TeperneqKe, B3HTaH B KaqeCTBe snHrpacpa K STOR rJIaBe. He O"tleHh BH3aJIOCh npe,n;CTaBJIeHHe 0 Hre-H,n;OJIe, KO- TOphlR BaJIHeTCH, HaeBllIHCh M.HCa Teperne"tlKH. ,z:J:a H KaKa.H Bo06e Ha,D;06HOCTh KaTaThC.H-BaJIHThCH no)); ,n;epeBOM noc- 
71 i JIe 06:>KOpCTBa, BMeCTO TOrO qT06hI OTJIe:>KaThCH B rrOKOe? M KpOBO:>KMHOCTh JIeCHOH CTapYllIKH BHYllIaJIa rJIy60KHe COMHeHHH, Ka3aJIaCh rrpHBHeCeHHOH B PYCCKYIO CKa3KY OT- KY,l);a-TO H3 3HOHHhIX CTpaH, C OCTpOBOB OKeaHHH, r,l);e rOJIhIe JIIO,l);Oe,l);hI rrO,l); 3BYKH TaM-TaMOB JIHXO OTrrJIHChIBalOT BOKpyr KOCTpa, Ha KOTOpOM :>KapHTCH COrrJIeMeHHHK. A B HallIHX YMepeHHhIX llIHpOTax TaKoro, K8.:>KeTCH, He CJIyqaJIOCh. BrrpOqeM, ,l);OBepHe K HapO,l);HOH rraMHTH H y6e:>K,l);eHHe, qTO CKa3Ka He qTO HHoe KaK pa3MhIThIH CJIe,l); ,l);aBHO YllIe,l);- llIHX B JIeTY C06hITHH, rr03BOJIHJIH rrpe,l);rrOJIO:>KHTh, a He MO- :>KeT JIH 6a6a-B-Hre HMeTh CBOHCTBO pa3,l);BaHBaThCH HJIH, Ha060pOT, 06'he,l);HHHTh ,l);Ba rrpOTOTHrra H caMoro H,l);OJIa 30- JIOTYIO Ba6y H ee CJIY:>KHTeJIhHHY :>KHBYIO 6a6Y-B-Hre, :>KPH- Y H llIaMaHKY. ECJIH 3TO rrpe,l);rrOJIO:>KeHHe BepHO, TO H cppa- 3a « rrOKaTaIOCh-rrOBaJIHIOCh» B CKa3Ke coxpaHHeTCH He CJIY- qaHHO, a, B03MO:>KHO, rrpe,l);CTaBJIHeT qaCTHY H3hIqeCKOrO KOJI,l);OBCKOro pHTYaJIa, CJIe,l);OBaBllIero KOr,l);a-TO 3a qeJIOBe- qeCKHM :>KepTBOrrpHHOllIeHHeM. BepCTa Ce,l);hMaJI )l(ecToKuH n;apb .. .:3TOT apb 6ecrrOm;a.n;eH. rOJIo.n; - Ha3BaHbe eMY. . . H A. H e1CpaCOB. )KeJle3UaJl (Jopoza EaR HH cTpaHHo Ha rrepBhIH B3rJIH,l);, JIyqllIe rrOHHTh xa- paKTep HrH rrOMOrJIa rrepeCTpOHKa, KOTopaH rrp06Y,l);HJIa aKTHBHOCTh HecpopM8.JIhHhIX 06'be,l);HHeHHH, rrpHOTRphIJIa 
i 7 2 nOJIor CeKpeTHOCTH Ha,l); MHOrHMH CTpaHHaMH npOIIIJIOrO. jKeJIaHHe 3HaT:b npaB,l);Y 0 HameH HCTOpHH npo6Y,l);HJIO OT AOJI- roro CHa HCTHHH:bIX naTpHOTOB C1'paH:bI. KorAa-To pa30rHaH- H:bIe 6epHeBCKHM Be,l);OMCTBOM ypaJI:bCKHe KpaeBe,l);:bI 06'be.n;H- HHJIHC:b B nOn:bITKe OmHBHT:b 6:bIJI:bIe TpaAHHH H B03pO,l);HT:b 06eCTBO YPaJI:bCKHX KpaeBe,l);OB. Ha HX yqpe,l);HTeJI:bHYIO Me:>KperHOHaJI:bHYIO KOHcpepeHHIO cpe.n;H AeJIeraTOB OT KJIY- 6a «TIOMeHCKaH CTapHHa» CJIyqHJIOCb BbIexaTb H MHe. Ha nOAo6Horo pO,l);a cpOPYMax r JIaBHbIe C06bITHH rrpOHC- XO,l);HT 3a npe,l);eJIaMH ,l);ymH:bIX KOHcpepeHn;-3aJIOB, B KY JIya- pax H cpOHe, rAe HAeT o6MeH a,l);peCaMH H HHcpopMaHeH, 3a- BH3:bIBaIOTCH 3HaKOMCTBa, CJIyqalOTCH 3aMeqaTeJIbHbIe BCTpeqH. HMeHHO TaM, B npOXJIa.n;OM YHHBepCHTeTCKOM KopHAope, Y KHH:>KHOrO JIOTKa BCTpeTHJIaC:b MHe ,l);aBHHH 3HaKOMaH H 3eMJIHqKa, ,l);OKTOp HCTOpHqeCKHX HaYK JIapH- ca IIaBJIoBHa POeBCK8JI, npe.n;CTaBJIHBIIIaH KpaeBeAOB pec- ny6JIHKH KOMH. MOH MyqHTeJI:bHHn;a .Hra HMeJIa B Tex KpaHX KpOBH:bIe CBH3H H 6JIH3KYIO pO,l);HIO, a nOTOMY $I nOCTapaJICH He ynyc- THT:b CJIyqaH nO,l);eJIHT:bCH co Cnen;H8JIHCTOM CBOHMH pa3MbIIII- JIeHHHMH 0 nJIOTOH,l);H:bIX npHB:bIqKaX KOBapHOH 6a6YCH. BH- .n;HMO, HeYBepeHHOCT:b H COMHeHHH 6hIJIH HanHCaH:bI Ha MoeM JIHe, nOTOMY qTO BHHMaTeJI:bHaH JIapHca IIaBJIoBHa nOTO- pOnHJIaC:b MeHH ycnoKOHT:b: «IIpeKpaCH:bIe Ha6JIIOAeHHH! Y Bac HHTepeCHaH TeMa, no 3,l);PaBJIHIO . IIYCTb Bac He cMya- lOT HeO:>KH,l);aHHhIe B:bIBOAbI no nOBO,l);y H3:bIqeCKOrO npOHC- XO:>K,l);eHHH .HrH H COOTBeTCTBYIOHX 06bIqaeB. HMeHTe B '" BH.n;y, qTO H3:bIqeCKHH nYTh pa3BHTHH npOlliJIH Bce Hapo.n;hI H qeJIOBeqecKHe :>KepTB:bI 60r8M npHHOCHJIH MHorHe, B TOM qHC- JIe H CJIaBHHe. B KHeBCKOH PYCH 3TO .n;eJI8JIH B qeCT:b IIepYHa. 
73 i STOT 06hI'tIaH HameJI OTpameHHe H B 6hlJIHHe 0 HOBropo,n;e CKO, KOToporo rrpHHOCHT B mepTBY MOPCKOMY 6ory, 'tITO- 6hI ycrroKoHTh Mope H cnaCTH Kopa6JIh. ¥ Bac eCTb 3arOTOB- Ka ,n;OKJIa,ZJ;a? 38.Me'tla TeJIhHO, Tor,n;a CJIe,n;yeT 06H3aTeJIhHO Bhl- cTyrrHTh - CBOH H,n;eH Ha,ZJ;O 06KaTh1BaTh. Ay,n;HTOpHH cero,n;- HH caMaH rro,n;xo,n;HIIJ;aH: H KOMrreTeHTHaH, H CBOH no ,n;yxy. TaK 'tITO He CTeCHHHTeCh H rrpHBbIKaHTe K ny6JIHKe...» qecTHo rOBopH, rro,n;HHMaHCh Ha Kacpe,n;py ,n;JIH BhlcTyn- JIeHHH, H HHKaK He Ha,ZJ;eHJICH YBJIe'tlh B3pOCJIYlO ay,n;HTopHIO pO,n;OCJIOBHOH Ba6hl-HrH. O,n;HaKO yme rrOCJIe rrepBhlx cppa3 o6HapymHJIOCh, 'tITO CKerrTH'tIeCKHe YXMhIJIKH HCQe3aIOT, rnenOTKH CMOJIKJIH H orpOMHhlH 3aJI 06paTHJICH BO BHHMa- HHe. A Kor,n;a YCTaHOBJIeHHhlH perJIaMeHTOM CpOK HCTeK, ay,n;HTopHH e,n;HHo,n;yrnHo COrJIaCHJIaCb OTO,n;BHHYTh ,n;OJIro- m,n;aHHblH nepephIB, QTo6hl ,n;OCJIywaTb ,n;o KOHa. B rrepephIBe MeHH HameJI KOJIJIera H3 EKaTepHH6ypra IOpHH ,n:MHTpHeBH'tI OxarrKHH H rrOCOBeTOBaJI: «IIorrpo6YH- Te rrOKorraThCH B HaCJIe,n;HH Harnero 3eMJIHKa HOCHJIOBa. KOHcTaHTHH ,n:MHTpHeBH'tI 6hlJI 60JIhWHM 3HaTOKOM CeBe- pa H, c,n;aeTCH MHe, y Hero ,n;OJImHhl HaHTHCh Heo6xo,n;HMhle BaM MaTepHaJIhl. ¥ MeHH KaK pa3 HMeeTCH crrHCOK ero pa- 60T - B3rJIHHYTh He XOTHTe?» ¥,n;a'tla HBHO CJIe,n;OBaJIa 3a MHOH rro nHTaM. H BOT H CHO- Ba cHmy B TeMHOH KOMHaTYWKe Mem6H6JIHOTe'tlHOrO a6o- HeMeHTa H rrpOCMaTpHBalO 6eCKOHe'tlHhle JIeHThl MHKPO- cpHJIhMOB C npOH3Be,n;eHHH HOCHJIOBa. HeHCTOBhlH HCCJIe,n;o- Ba TeJIh CeBepa orry6JIHKOBaJI B 1901 ro,n;y B mypHaJIe «PyccKaH MhICJIh» O'tlepK «H3 HCTOpHH ,n:aJIeKOrO CeBepa. IIpoIIIJIoe 06,n;opCKa». B HeM aBTOp Co6paJI pH,n; rrpe,n;aHHH Ii JIereH,n; 0 6hITe a6opHreHoB. O,n;HY H3 He6hlJIH, KaKHMH 
i 74 06hlqHO rrOTqYIOT ,n;OBepqHBhIX CJIYllIaTeJIeH, paCCKa3aJI Ho- CHJIOBY rrpeCTapeJIhIH 06,n;OPHHHH: - Pa3Be ,n;eHCTBHTeJIhHO CaMOe,n;hI rrpHHOCHJIH qeJIOBe- qeCKHe :>KepTBhI? - CrrpallIHBaeT Y Hero HOCHJIOB. - '1TO BhI! 8TO 6hIJIO Y HHX caMoe 06hIKHoBeHHoe. He TOJIhKO :>KepTBhI, HO H TaK rrpOCTO 3ape:>KYT qeJIOBeKa H IIO- e,n;HT ero*. - ,n:a HeY:>KeJIH? - ¥BepHIO Bac, rroe,n;HT: TaK H CBapHT B KOTJIe H CJIorra- IOT,OKaHHHhle. - HeY:>KeJIH? - ¥ BepHIO Bac. .. :>KepTBa - KaKaH-HH6y,n;h HeCqaCTHaH CHpOTa - ,n;eBOqKa. . . CJIe,n;OM HOCHJIOB rrepeCKa3hIBaeT TO JIH 6hIJIh, TO JIH BhIMhICeJI 06 06,n;OpCKOM COTHHKe KaKaYJIHHe, KOTOPOMY rocTerrpHHMHhIH CaMOe,n;cKHH KHH3eK HK06hI rrpHHec Ha 3aK- JIaHHe CBOID IOHYIO ,n;Oqh, He y,n;OBJIeTBOpHBllIHCh rro,n;HOllIe- u HHeM rOCTIO O,n;HOH TOJIhKO OJIeHYXH-BameHKH. BpH,n; JIH CTOHT yrrpeKaTh HOCHJIOBa B rrorrhITKe rry6- u u JIHKaHH pa,n;H ,n;ellIeBOH rrorrYJIHpHOCTH Y pOCCHHCKoro 06hIBaTeJIH HerrpOBepeHHoro MaTepHaJIa. HeJIerKaH :>KH3Hh yqeHOrO-HCCJIe,n;OBaTeJIH CeBepa H MHO:>KeCTBO orry6JIHKOBaHHhIX pa60T CJIY:>KaT ,n;OCTaTOqHOH aTTeCTa- HeH ero 06'heKTHBHOCTH. 0 ,n;peBHHX 06hlqaHX H3hlqeC- Koro CeBepa rrYTellIeCTBeHHHK 3HaJI He rrOHaCJIhIllIKe. Bo BpeMH cBoeH 3HMOBKH Ha HOBOH 3eMJIe HOCHJIOB HarrH- caJI O,n;HH H3 caMhlX CTpallIHhlX CBOHX paCCKa30B 0 :>KH3HH 6pollIeHHhlx Ha rrpOH3BOJI cy,n;h6hI apCKHM rrpaBHTeJIh- CTBOM HeHeB. * CH6HPCKHH npHKa3. N2 462; MH. IV N2 126 II. 
_ 75 i CTHXHHHhIe 6e,n;CTBHH, 60Jle3HH H rra,n;em OJleHeH, He- u y,n;a"tlHhIH rrpOMhICeJl H MHOmeCTBO ,n;pyrHx rrpH"tIHH MOrJlH rrOCTaBHTh 6e33am;HTHOrO rrepe,n; Mory"tlHMH CHJlaMH rrpHpO- ,n;hI TYH,n;pOBHKa Ha rpaHh mH3HH H CMepTH, Kor,n;a He OCT a- u BaJlOCh HHoro BhIxo,n;a, KpOMe "tIeJlOBeqeCKOH mepTBhI. CTaphIH HeHe ¥y"tleH paCCKa3aJl rrYTerneCTBeHHHKY 0 CTparnHOM rOJlo,n;e, KOTOphIH o,n;Ham,n;hI CJly"tlHJlCH Ha HOBOH 3eMJle, Kor,n;a H3-3a ,n;OJlrOH Herroro,n;bI yrneJl 3Beph H KOHqH- JlHCh rrpo,n;YKThI. rOJlo,n;HaH CMepTh rp03HJla 06HTaTeJlHM CTOH6Hw;a, H Tor,n;a rnaMaH rrpe,n;yrrpe,n;HJI MymqHH, "tITO crra- ceHHe - B "tIeJlOBe"tleCKOH mepTBe. - TOJlhKO 3TO OH CKa3aJI HaM, - 6a6hI 3aBhIJlH, rrpH- CMHpeJlH H rOJlOBhI rrOBeCHJlH, H ,n;eBKa 3aBbIJla. - 3a"tleM 3aBhIJla? - y,n;HBHJlCH H (HOCHJlOB). - A 3aTeM 3aBhIJla, "tITO ,n;ora,n;aJlaCh, "tITO MbI ee ,n;aBHTh 6y,n;eM.. . - RaK ,n;aBHTh? - He rrOHHMalO H H crrparnHBalO: - A TaK - rnaHTaHY! B "tIYMe HHKoro He 6hIJlO rro,n;xo,n;H- w;ero: pe6HT HeJlh3H, 6a6y Tome maJIKO, a ,n;eBKe Bce paBHO rrOMHpaTh - o,n;Ha-o,n;HHerneHhKa Ha 6eJlOM CBeTe. «H ,n;ame He BepHJI CBOHM yrnaM, - paCCKa3hIBaeT Ho- CHJlOB, - CJlbIrna 3TO H3 YCT CBoero ,n;o6po,n;yrnHoro rrpH- HTeJlH, HO OH 6hIJI cephe3eH B 3TOM oTKpoBeHHoM paccKa3e, ,n;a H HeqerO 6hIJlO rnYTHTh B TaKOM rrOJlOmeHHH». - qTO me BhI, 3a,n;aBHJlH ee rnaHTaHY? - HeT, oTBepTeJlacb: Ha C"tIaCTbe ee rrpHrneJl 3Bepb. Pa3YMeeTcH, CHPOTY y,n;yrnHJlH 6hI He PMH mepTBhI rnaH- TaHY KaK TaKOBOH. IIocJle rrpHHeceHHH mepTBhI ,n;OJlmHO 6hIJlO COCTOHThCH o6H3aTeJlbHOe rroe,n;aHHe mepTBeHHoro MHca, "tITO ,n;aBaJIO rnaHC BhImHTh o6HTaTeJlHM CToH6Hw;a. 
t 7 6 EaK BH.D;HO H3 OtlepKOB O.D;HOrO H Toro me aBTopa, Ha tleJIO- BetleCKHe mepTBonpHHoweHHH TYH.D;pOBHKOB TOJIKaJIa me- v CTOKaH .D;eHCTBHTeJIbHOCTb, nOJIyrOJIO.D;HaH mH3Hh H nOCTO- HHHaH OTtlaHHHaH 6oph6a 3a cyecTBOBaHHe. Ho C WOBHHHCTHtleCKOH TOtlKH 3peHHH 06hIBaTeJIH Tpa- rHtleCKHe SfiH30.D;bI mH3HH 3aTepHHHoro B 6e36pemHhIX CHe- rax BhIMHpalOero Hapoa BbIrJIHeJIH nO-HHOMY. He nbI- TaHCb BaBaTbCH B nepBOnpHtlHHhI C8.M03aKJIaHHH .D;OBeeH- HbIX rOJIOOM o OTtlaHHHH JIIOeH, o6hIBaTeJIh aeT HM npe3pHTeJIbHOe np03BHe (c C8.Moe». H B H8)J;em.D;e HaHTH onpaB.D;aHHe CBoeMY npecTynHOMY paBHO.D;ymHIO, B YTellIe- HHe ce6e H Ha Y.D;HBJIeHHe o6w;ecTBY pacnpOCTpaHHeT CTpam- HbIe He6hIJIHIJ;bI 0 HeCtlaCTHhIX. mecToKHH rOJIO.D; CJIytla.rrCH H B TaemHOH 30He. B 6YMa- rax CH6HpcKoro npHRa3a COXpaHHJIOCh onHcaHHe BeJIHKO- ro rOJIO.D;a B CyprYTcKoM ye3e 3HMOH 1625/26 rO.D;a: «He HCTepnH rOJIO.D;Y co6aK nepeeJIH; 6hIJIH CJIytlaH 11 JIIO,n;oe- CTBa: Bac-lOraHcKoH BOJIOCTH HCatlHbIH OCTHK IIhIKTbIHKO noweJI npOMhIllIJIHTh HcaR Ha JIec H C npOMhICJIY He 6hIBaJI H BeCTH npo Hero He 6bIJIO, a ero meHa 6e3 Hero He HCTepnH rOJIO.D;y, .D;BOHX .D;eTeH CBOHX C'DeJIa» * . CnpaBeJIHBOCTH pa.D;H OTMeTHM, qTO KaHHH6aJIH3M B peBHHX MHcpOJIOrHHX fiPHCY MHorHM BepXOBHhIM 6ome- CTBaM, HanpHMep KY JIbT 3eBca JIHKeHcKoro, tleJIOBeqeCKHe mepTBonpHHomeHHH ,D:HOHHCY, ApTeMH,ZJ;e H MHorHM py- rHM. ITo Mepe B03HHKHOBeHHH 3anpeTOB Ha KaHHH6aJIH3M, ero Bce 60JIhWe OTHOCHT K HH3IIIeMY MHPY tlYOBHW;-JIIOO- e,n;OB, BeJlHKaHOB, BebM. CpeH no,n;o6HbIX cyw;ecTB H Ba6a- * CH6HPCKHH npHKaa, CT. 376. Cp. KH. N2 8, JI. 27, 32a. 
77 i Bra. IIpoHcxo,lJ;HT BhITeCHeHHe MOTHBOB KaHHH6aJIH3Ma B ccpephl MarHH, llIaMaHH3Ma, Tpe6YIOID;Hx ,lJ;OCTHmeHHH Be,lJ;h- MOH, KOJI,lJ;YHOM, llIaMaHOM oco6oro COCTOHHHH C03HaHHH, OTOm,lJ;eCTBJIHeMOrO C O,lJ;epmHMOCThlO, 6e3YMHeM H ,lJ;OCTH- raeMoro C rrOMOID;hlO CrreD;HaJIhHhIX, 'tIaCTO Ta6YHpoBaHHhlx ,n;eHcTBHH. OTCIO,lJ;a IlIHpOKoe pacrrpOCTpaHeHHe rroBepHH 0 TOM, 'tITO rrO,lJ;06Hhle JIIO,lJ;H yrroTpe6JIH1OT B rrHID;Y 'tIeJIOBe'tleC- Koe MHCO. BhlJIO 6hI HeCrrpaBe,lJ;JIHBhIM YTBepm,lJ;aTh, 'tITO mepTBorrpHHOllIeHHH H3hI'tIeCKHM 60raM COBepllIaJIH TOJIh- KO CaMOe,lJ;hI. IIpHHOCHJIH HX H ,lJ;PyrHe H3hI'tIHHKH, oco6eH- HO BO BpeMH BOHH. Ee B XVII BeKe CaMOe,lJ;hI COBepllIaJIH 'tIaCThle Ha6erH Ha OCTHD;KHe BOJIOCTH: «B 1678-1679 ro- ,lJ;ax rrpHIlIJIa Ha 06,lJ;op BopOBCKaH CaMOH,lJ;h 60JIhllIe 400 'tIe- JIOBeK H HCa'tlHhIX OCTHKOB, KOTophle 6hlJIH B IOpTax H Ha rrpOMhICJIaX H Y phl6HOH JIOBJIH y6HJIH 23 'tIeJIOBeKa H Ha,lJ; HHMH Ha,n;PyraJIHCh, HOCH H PYK rrepCThI Y HHX pe3aJIH, a HX meH rpa6HJIH H HarHX OCTaBHJIH, a ,lJ;eTeH HMeJIH K ce6e B rrOJIOH». TaK H B CKa3Ke: «HaJIeTeJIa Ba6a -Bra H YHeCJIa K ce6e HBallIe'tlKY. . . » B03HHKHOBeHHe rroBepHH 0 TOM, 'tITO Be,lJ;hMhI, KOJI,lJ;YHhI H llIaMaHhI yrroTpe6JIH1OT B rrHY 'tIeJIOBe'tleCKOe MHCO, rrpo- HCXO,lJ;HT KaK pa3 OT 3Toro. B TO me BpeMH ,lJ;YXH-JIIO,lJ;Oe,lJ;hI rrpe,lJ;CTaBJIHIOT C060H u O,lJ;HY H3 rJIaBHhIX orraCHOCTeH, rrO,lJ;CTeperalOID;HX KaMJIalO- ID;ero llIaMaHa BO BpeMH ero rryrellIecTBHH B 3arpo6HhIH MHp. IIpH HaJIOmeHHH KaHHH6aJIhCKHX 06pH,lJ;OBhIX MOTHBOB Ha MHtP 0 BeJIHKOH MaTepH-rrpapO,lJ;HTeJIhHHD;e, BpO,lJ;e HOMhI HJIH CopHH-HaH, B03HHKa1OT 06pa3hI, rrO,lJ;06HhIe Ba6e-Hre. Mem,lJ;Y TeM 3HaMeHHThlH co6HpaTeJIh PYCCKHX CKa30K A.H. AcpaHaCheB C'tIHTaJI, 'tITO Ba6a-Hra - cyecTBo 'tIe- 
i 7 8 JIOBeqeCKOe H npHHa,l);JIemHT K qHCJIY BeHX meH, Be,l);bM, a Be,l);bMbI H Be,l);YHbI - JIIO,l);H, KaK H maMaHbI), KOTopble BJIa- CTHTeJIbHOH CHJIOH mepTBonpHHomeHHH H qapO,l);eHHbIM CJIOBOM 3arOBopa MOrJIH ynpaBJIHTb nocTynKaMH JIIO,l);eH H caMHX 6oroB. BepCTa BOCbMaJI Haii, COPHH-Haii H HauHa Ho CJIymaH: B po.n;HHe MoeH Mem.n;y rrYCTbIHHbIX pbI6apeH HaYKa .n;HBHaH TaHTCH. ITo.n; KpOBOM Be'tlHOH THmHHbI Cpe.n;H JIeCOB, B rJIymH .n;a.rreKOH mHByr ce.n;bIe KOJI.n;YHbI; K rrpe.n;MeTaM My.n;pOCTH BbICOKOH Bce MbICJIH HX YCTpeMJIeHbI; Bce CJIbImHT rOJIOC HX ymacHbIH, 't.{TO 6bIJIO H 'tITO 6y.n;eT BHOBb, H rp03HOH BOJIe HX rro.n;BJIaCTHbI H rpo6, H caMaH JI106oBb. A.C. II YW1CU1t. PYCJla1t U JI 100.MUJla POCCHH - CJIaBHHo-cpHHHo-yropcKaH CTpaHa, - 3aH- BHJI O,l);HaJK,l);bI MaHCHHCKHH n03T IOBaH llIecTaJIoB. - C8.MO CJIOBO "MOCKBa" yropcKoe H rOBopHT 0 TOM, qTO CJIaBHHe, OCBaHBaH yropcKHe 3eMJIH, nepeHHMaJIH MHoroe H3 KYJIb- TypbI H 06blqaeB yrpOB. ,n:ame BeJIHKHH IIymKHH He H36e- maJI 3Toro. Ee 6bI: Be,l);b ero JI106HMaH HHHI011IKa ApHHa PO,l);HOHOBHa caMa C ,l);eTCTBa BocnHTbIBaJIaCb Ha cpHHCKOM cpOJIbKJIOpe H nepe,l);aBaJIa ero CBoeMY nHTOMY. BnHTaHHbIe 
79 i C MOJIOKOM CKa3KH He CMOrJIH B ,lJ;aJIbHeHllIeM He OTpa3HTb- C.H Ha TBOpqeCTBe IIYllIKHHa». BeCb MHp OTMeqaJI 150-JIeTHe co ,lJ;H.H CMepTH IIYllIKHHa H rOBOpHJIH H rrHCaJIH 0 IIYllIKHHe MHoro. M Bce me BbICKa- 3bIBaHHe IIlecTaJIoBa MHe TOr,lJ;a 3arrOMHHJIOCb. 3aXOTeJIOCb caMOMY pa306paTbCH B CrrpaBe,lJ;JIHBOCTH CKa3aHHoro, H H BHOBb 3aCeJI 3a KHHrH. IIo,lJ;06paTb JIHTepaTYPY OKa3aJIOCb He TPY,lJ;HO: 6H6JIHOTeKa KaK pa3 pa3BepHYJIa K 106HJIelO 06- llIHPHYIO KHHmHYIO BbICTaBKY - TOJIbKO 3HaH qHTaH. C Hee H HaqaJIOCb Moe 6JIH3KOe 3HaKOMCTBO C IIYllIKHHbIM. He OllIH6cH IOBaH IIlecTaJIoB: MHorHe BeKa PYCCKHe mHJIH B 6JIH3KOM COCe,lJ;CTBe C cpHHHo-yropcKHMH HapO,lJ;aMH: Kape- JIaMH, cpHHHaMH, 3CTaMH, BerrCaMH, KOMH, MOP,lJ;BOH, MapHH- aMH, Y,lJ;MypTaMH, BOryJIaMH, OCTHKaMH. CJIyqaJIOCbMem,lQ7 coce,lJ;.HMH BCHKoe, 6bIBaJIH H BoeHHbIe CTbIqKH, HO 60JIbllIe c.rra- BHHe H yrpbI MHpHO COCe,lJ;CTBOBaJIH H TOprOBaJIH. B3aHMHbIe KOHTaKTbI 060raaJIH He TOJIbKO MaTepHaJIbHO. IIocTerreHHo CTHpaJIHCb rpaHH Mem,lJ;Y ,lJ;BYMH KYJIbTYPaMH. CTOJIeTHHMH mHJIH p.H,lJ;OM yrpbI H PYCCKHe, ,lJ;PymHJIH CeMb.HMH, XO,lJ;HJIH B rOCTH, BepHJIH O,lJ;HHM cyeBepHHM, CJIYllIaH CKa3KH, rrepeHH- MaJIH ClOmeTbI H repoeB ,lJ;Pyr Y,lJ;Pyra. IIOpOH H He pa306paTb, KaKaH CKa3Ka ,lJ;peBHee - yropCKa.H HJIH PYCCKaH. C,lJ;eJIaTb TaKOH BbIBO,lJ; TaK me CJIOmHO, KaK orrpe,lJ;eJIHTb, KaKOH Hapo,lJ; CcpOpMHpOBaJIC.H paHbllIe. O,lJ;HO HeCOMHeHHO: KYJIbTypa CPHH- Ho-yrpoB OKa3aJIa CaMoe Herrocpe,lJ;CTBeHHoe BJIHHHHe Ha cpop- MHpOBaHHe cpOJIbKJIOpa ceBepHbIX CJIaB.HH, rrpOHHKJIa B peJIH- rHIO H 06P.H,lJ;bI rrpaBOCJIaBHOH epKBH, OKa3aJIa 3MOHOHaJIb- Hoe B03,lJ;eHCTBHe Ha MHorHX pOCCHHCKHX JIHTepaTopOB. M COBepllIeHHO He c.rryqaHHO rrOHBJIeHHe B rrepBOH rr03Me IIyrn- KHHa repoeB H3 ceBepHOH CTpaHbI CYOMH - <l>HHHa H HaHHbI. 
i so A.C. ITYWKHH 06paTHJI CBOH n03THtleCKHH B30p K CeBe- PY ee B MOJIOhIe rOhI B IIepHO pa60TbI Ha «PYCJIaHOM H JIIOMHJIOH». BepOHTHO, K TOMY BpeMeHH ITYIlIKHH 6hIJI u OCTaTOtlHO HaCJIbIlliaH 0 HeKOra Mory:r.u;eCTBeHHOH B HeO- 603pHMbIX CeBepHbIX rrpOCTOpaX aCTe H3bItleCKHX KOJlY- HOB. BbIpOCllIaH Ha <pHHCKOH MbI3e CYHbI HHHH IIYIlIKHHa ApHHa POHOHOBHa MOrJIa C caMoro eTCTBa BnHTbIBaTb B C03HaHHe HpKHe 06pa3hI ceBepHoro cpHHCKoro 3noca: ceo- 6opooro 06pOYIlIHoro KOJIYHa BHHHHMeHHeHa H 3JIo6- HOH KOJIYHhH JIOYXH. POMaHTHtleCKOe Boo6p8JKeHHe, no- nHTaHHoe CKa3KaMH ApHHbI POHOHOBHbI, HapHCOBaJIO B n03Me KOBapHYIO KOJIYHbIO-ceBepHHKY HaHHY. BOT KaK paccKa3bIBaeT 0 pOHHe HaHHbI Cl>HHH: «.. .ITpHpOHbIH <pHHH, B OJIHHaX HaM OHHM H3BeCTHhIX, rOHHH CTao ceJI OKpeCTHbIX, B 6eCnetlHOH IOHOCTH H 3HaJI OHH peMYtlHe y6paBhI.. . Tora 6JIH3 Halliero CeJIeHbH, KaK MHJIbIH BeT yeHHeHbH, mHJIa HaHHa. . . » 11:3 3THX CTpOK MomHO C YBepeHHOCThIO 3aKJIIOtlHTb, tlTO KpacaBHa HaHHa npOmHBaJIa n06JIH30CTH OT 3aTepHHHO- ro B JIecax <pHHCKoro CeBepa CeJIeHHH, mHTeJIH KOToporo 3aHHMaJIHCb nO-BHHMOMY OJIeHeBOCTBOM, nOCKOJIbKY HH- KaKHe pyrHe CTa He naCYT B peMyqHx y6paBax. 11:3 TeK- CTa TaKme CJIeyeT, tlTO IOHaH KpacaBHa npOmHB8.JIa OT- eJIbHO OT JIIOeH, B yeHHeHbe. TaKoH cnoco6 paCCeJIeHHH tlpe3BbItlaHHO pacnpOCTpaHeH Y ceBepHbIX HapOOB, 3aHH- ThIX OXOTOH, pbI6oJIOBCTBOM H OJIeHeBOCTBOM, nOCKOJIbKY, B OTJIHtlHe OT rpynnoBoro nOCeJIeHHH, n03BOJIHeT paHO- H8.JIbHO OCBaHBaTb 60JIbIlIHe TeppHTopHH. To, tlTO XOpOlliO H npHBhItlHO JIa ceBepHHHHa, YHBJIH- eT H HaCTOp8JKHBaeT pYCCKoro 3eMJIeeJIha, npHBbIKllIero 
81 i mHTb 60JIbllIOH 06W;HHOH.PHCKHYBIlIHH nOCeJIHTbCH B OH- HOqeCTBe, Ha BbICeJIKaX, HeH3MeHHO npH06peTaJI CJIaBY qe- JIOBeKa HeqHCTOrO: pa360HHHKa, a TO H KOJIYHa.rrYIlIKHH CTpOKOH 06 yeHHeHHH HaHHbI npeBapHTeJIbHO HHCPOpMH- pyeT qHTaTeJIH 0 ee CTpaHHOM nOBeeHHH, nbITaeTCH Ha- CTpOHTb Ha oc060e OTHOllIeHHe K HeH. 11:3 aJIbHeHllIero onH- caHHH MeCTa 06HTaHHH H eHTeJIbHOCTH HaHHbI MomHO 3aK- JIIOqHTb, qTO mHBeT OHa cpeH cpHHHo-yropcKoro Hapoa KOMH, n06JIH30CTH OT nOJIYHo:r.u;HbIX (ypaJIbCKHX) rop - 06HTeJIH ee npHHTeJIH qepHoMopa, 0 KOTOpOM e:r.u;e BCH peqb BnepeH: ... Tor.n;a OH BCTpeTHJI no.n; ropoH CTapymeqKY -qyTb-qyrb mHByro, rOp6aTyro, COBceM ce.n;yro. OHa .n;opomHOIO KJIIOKOH EMY Ha ceBep nOKa3aJIa. «TbI TaM HaH.n;emb ero» - CKa3aJIa. HTaK, qepHoMop - ceBepHHHH. Y KOMH-nepMHKOB e:r.u;e B He3anaMHTHbIe BpeMeHa nOHBHJICH MHcp 0 cy:r.u;eCTBe, 06- JIaalOw;eM OHOBpeMeHHO qepTaMH HrH H "tJepHoMopa. STO cy:r.u;eCTBO qeJIOBeqeCKOrO 06JIHKa HOCHJIO HMH Hr-MopT. Hr - Ha H3bIKe KOMH 03HaqaeT COCHOBbIH JIec, 60p. MOpT - 'tJeJIOBeK. Hr- MOpT - JIeCHOH qeJIOBeK: «... YBO)J;HT meH, YBO- HT eTeH, yroHHeT CKOT, pemeT ero». K TOMY me CJIbIJI Hr- MOpT BeJIHKHM KOJI)J;YHOM... TaK coo6w;aeT 0 HeM MHcp Ha- poa KOMH. Y HX coceeH H conepHHKOB OCTHKOB cyw;ecTBo- BaJI snoc 0 BOJIIlIe6HOM 60raTbIpe Hre. ("tJTO HaBO)J;HT Ha MbICJIH 06 06w;eM npOTOTHne, nOJIOmHTeJIbHOM JIH O)J;HO- 
i 82 IIJIeMeHHHKOB-OCTHKOB H OTpHaTeJIbHOM JIH CTpaaBmHX OT ero Ha6erOB KOMH.) A BOT KaK Y IIymKHHa 0 "tJepHOMOpe: « ¥3HaH, PYCJIaH: TBOH oCKop6HTeJIb BOJIme6HHK CTpamHbIH "tJepHOMOp, KpaCaBH aBHHH nOXHTHTeJIb, nOJIH0W;HbIX 06JIaaTeJIb rop». IIOJIHOW;HbIX - 3Ha'tJHT, HaXOHW;HXCH Ha CeBepe CH6HpH. COBpeMeHHHK IIeTpa I, rpHropHH Ho- BHKHH, B «EpaTKoM onHcaHHH 0 Hapoe OCTHKOM» nH- meT: «CH6HpCKoe rocyapcTBO coepmHTCH B nOJIHOHOH CTpaHe.. .» HBHO, 'tJTO "tJepHOMOp reHeTH'tJeCKH npOHCXO- HT OT Hr- MopTa. Hra, KaK H HaHHa, OHHOKaH 06HTa- TeJIbHHa JIeca. HeCOMHeHHO, 'tJTO 3TO 6JIH3KHe no 06JIHKY H no yxy nepCOHamH H nOHBHJIHCb OHH H3 OHoro CPOJIbK- JIOpHOrO HCTO'tJHHKa. Ho Hra 3Ha'tJHTeJIbHO CTapme H npH- XOHTCH HaHHe «KpeCTHOH MaTepblO», eCJIH TaK MomHO CKa3aTb 0 He'tJHCTOH CHJIe. EaK H Hra, HaHHa He BebMa - cyw;ecTBo CBepX'beCTeCTBeHHoe, a KOJIYHbH - cyw;ecTBo 'tJeJIOBe'tJeCKoe, cnoc06Hoe BepmHTb 'tJyeca npH nOMOW;H MarH'tJeCKOH HaYKH, 3arOBopOB H 3aKJIHHaHHH, HHa'tJe ro- BOpH - maMaHKa. B TOM, 'tJTO Y IIYIIlKHHa Ha,l];MeHHaH KpacaBHa ceBepHH- Ka CTaHOBHTCH B KOHe KOHOB KOJIYHbeH, HeT HH'tJero He- 06bI'tJHoro. ¥ H3bI'tJeCKHX cpHHHo-yropcKHX nJIeMeH C HX KY JIbTOM :>KeHCKOro 60meCTaa meHW;HHbI-maMaHKH BCTpe- 'tJaJIHCb OBOJIbHO 'tJaCTO. BepOHTHO, CBeeHHH 0 .H3bI'tJeCKHX maMaHax H BOJIXBaX, nO'tJepnHYTble IIymKHHbIM H3 JIHTe- paTypbI 0 CeBepe, npeJIOMHBmHCb B ero Bo06pameHHH, Ha- pHCOBaJIH HaM 06pa3 KOJIYHbH, 'tJbe HM.H H xapaKTep CXO- :>KH C aHHbIMH r JIaBHOH 3blpHHCKOH 60rHHH MOMa - Ba6bI H xaHTbIHCKOH BeJIHKOH 60rHHH BYT- MMH, a BHemHOCTb 60- JIee Bcero HanOMHHaeT 3HaKOMY1O HaM BceM C eTCTBa Hry. 
_ 83 i B 1938 roy B Apx06JIrH3e BbIllIeJI 'tJyecHbIH C60PHHK «<POJIbKJIOP Hapoa KOMH» co 'BcTyrrHTeJIbHOH CTaTbeH A.A. IIorroBa. B Hero BOIliJIH MHcpbI, rrpeaHHH H CKa3KH KOMH-3bIPHH, Ha'tJHHaH C peBHeHIlIHX BpeMeH. qHTaH HX, HeTpYHO 38.MeTHTb, KaK C Te'tJeHHeM BpeMeHH 3bIpHHCKaH 60rHHH HOMa-Ba6a rrOCTerreHHO CTaHOBHTCH rrpo06pa30M Ba6bI-HrH, a 3aTeM HrOH, HMeJIHH HX rrpHcYID;HMH ce6e CBOH- CTBaMH. B paHHeM cpOJIbKJIOpe KOMH HOMa rrpH06peTaeT rro- rrepeMeHHO 'tJepTbI TO MymcKoro, TO meHCKoro rrOJIa (B03Mom- HO, rrpOHBHJIaCb 60pb6a Memy rraTpHapxaTOM H MaTpHap- xaTOM), rrOKa He rrpH06peTaeT OKOH'tJaTeJIbHbIH meHCKHH 06JIHK. B OHOM H3 HeMHorHX rr8.MHTHHKOB peBHeHllIeH MH- cpOJIOrHH - MHcpe « KaK COTBOpHJIaCb 3eMJIH» - 6JIH3HebI HOMa H BOHrreJIb pOHTCH Ha He6e H OT HHX rrpOHCXOHT Bce HapObI Ha 3eMJIe. 3eCb HOMa - rrOJIOmHTeJIbHaH 60rHHH, rrpapOHTeJIbHHa 'tJeJIOBe'tJeCTBa, ceCTBO meHCKoro poa. B CKa3Kax 60JIee rr03Hero rrepHoa HOMa - yme meH- ID;HHa, HO He 60rHHH. 11:3 CKa30K CBoeH HHHH IOHbIH IIYIlIKHH Mor YCBOHTb, 'tJTO «B KpalO rrYCTbIHHbIX pbI6apeH» Ha cpHHCKOM CeBepe «mH- BYT cebIe KOJIYHbI». M HaBeHHHbIe CKa3KaMH CeBepa 06- pa3bI IIyrnKHH BKJIIO'tJHJI B CBOIO rr03MY, B KOTOpylO OHH opra- HH'tJHO BJIHJIHCb, KaK CJIHBaJIHCb Memy C060H KYJIbTYPbI CJIaBHH H cpHHHo-yrpoB. «,IJ:aJIeKO OTCIOa, Ha C8.MOM Bocxoe COJIHa, mHJIH Kor- a-TO Ba 6paTa. M 6bIJI Y Tex 6paTbeB 60r HOMaJIb, CTpallI- HbIH 60r. IIHTaJICH OH 'tJeJIOBe'tJeCKHM MHCOM, 3aIIHBaH MHCO TerrJIOH oBe'tJbeH KpOBblO. IIoKa 6paTbH rrpHHOCHJIH eMY pa3 B ceMb HeH mepTBbI, 60r JI106HJI H 3aID;HIQaJI HX. Ho KaK-TO OHambI OHH 3a6hIJIH rrpHHeCTH o'tJepeHYIO mepTBY: BYX 
i 84 MaJlbtlHKOB, BYX eBOtleK H TpeX OBe, H CBHpenbIH Ho- MaJlb pa3rHeBaJlCH H HanYCTHJI Ha 6paTbeB 60JlhmOrO tlep- Horo KopmYHa... » B yropcKHX MHcpax H 3noce KopmYH npeCTaBJlHeT 60- :>KeCTBO 3J1a. IIoqTH KaK y IIymKHHa: «BbeTCH Jle6eb cpeb 3bI6eft, / KopmYH HOCHTCH H HeH » . IIepexo nepCOHa:>KeH H3 CKa30K H MHcpOB B JlHTepaTypHbIe npOH3BeeHHH eJlo 06bI'tIHOe, H OH He OJl:>KeH YHBJlHTb. B r Jly60KOH peBHOCTH, nO-BHHMOMY, C KY JlbTOM HOMbI 6bIJlH CBH3aHbI tleJlOBetleCKHe :>KepTBOnpHHomeHHH, npH KOTOpbIX MHCO nOe8.JIOCb. 8TO He HBJlHJlOCb npHHaJle:>K- HOCTblO HCKJlIO'tIHTeJlbHO KYJlbTa HOMbI, a 6bIJlO npHcyw;e BceM peJlHrHHM peBHOCTH. OTrOJlOCOK 3Toro 06pHa MbI HaXOHM B CBHTOM npHtlaCTHH, Kora BKymaeTcH «TeJlO H KpOBb XpHCTOBbI » . B3aHMonpOHHKHOBeHHe CIO:>KeTOB KOMH H pYCCKoro cpOJlbKJlOpa HCHO 3aMeTHO, eCJlH conOCTaBHTb CKa3KH Hapoa KOMH H CKa3KH co6paHHH AcpaHaCheBa, 3e- JleHHHa, OHtlYKoBa. IIpH HaJIO:>KeHHH CIO:>KeTOB OHH KaJlb- KHPYIOTCH, HO no 06'heMY, HpKOCTH CIO:>KeTa, 06HJlHIO eTa- JleH, KpaCOtlHOCTH H o6pa3HocTH H3bIKa PYCCKHH BapHaHT npeCTaBJlHeT C060H 3HatlHTeJlbHO yxymeHHYIO KonHIO nepMHKHX CKa30K, BHHMO 60Jlee paHHHX. PacnpOCTpaHeHHe KOMH-nepMHKOH CKa3KH H npOHHK- HOBeHHe ee B PYCCKHH cpOJlbKJlOp 06'hHCHHeTCH aBHHM co- ceCTBOM PYCCKHX H KOMH H oco6eHHO 06H3aHO pa60tlHM KOMH - OTXOHHKaM, pa60TaBmHM B TpHHOHHbIX Mec- Tax OTXOHbIX npOMbICJlOB Ha KaMe, YPaJIbCKHX 3aBoax, apXaHreJlbCKHX JleCOnHJlKaX H PyrHx MeCTax. OHaKo nopa OT KopmYHa nepeHTH K BOJlme6HbIM Jle- 6eaM, eCJlH BepHTb cKa3KaM, 3aCJlY:>KHBmHM ce6e aJIeKO 
85 i He aHreJIbCKYIO penYTaHIO: «rycH-JIe6eH aBHO ce6e yp- HYIO CJIaBY HamHJIH, MHoro mKOHJIH 1'1 MaJIeHbKHX eTeH Kpa,ZJ;bIBaJIH ». B PYCCKOM <.}>OJIbKJIOpe MaJIO OTbIeTCSl npHMepOB, Kora rYCH HJIH JIe6eH, npH BceM HapOHOM nO'tlTeHHH K HHM, BbIcTynalOT B KaqeCTBe nOJIOmHTeJIbHbIX repoeB. CJIYtIaHHO JIH JIIO,ZJ;CKaH MOJIBa HeJIHJIa 3THX KpaCHBbIX u u Ii CHJIbHhIX nTH HeJIeCTHOH penYTaHeH npHcnemHHKOB Ba6bI-HrH? IIoxome, tITO aJIeKO He CJIYtIaHHO H B OCHOBe CKa30K 0 rYC.HX-JIe6eHX JIemaT CBeeHHSl 0 TOM, tITO B OK- pymeHHH 30JIOTOH Ba6hI H HeKOTopbIX pyrHx BeJIHKHX KY- MHpOB 6blJIH 60JIBaHbI B BHe rYCH H JIe6eeH. II.II. HHcpaHTbeB, COBepmHBIlIHH nYTemeCTBHe K KOH- HHCKHM MaHCH B HatIaJle BeKa, paCCKa3bIBaeT 0 KYJIbTO- BOM aM6apqHKe: «KYKJIa 6bIJIa oeTa B pa3HOBeTHbIe JIOC- KYTKH H CTOSlJIa nocpeH aM6aptIHKa. IIo TY 1'1 ,n;PyrylO CTO- POHY HCTYKaHa 6bIJIH paCCTaBJIeHbI 14 MeHbIX JIe6eeH - ceMb caMOB no npaBYIO H ceMb caMOK no JIeBYIO PYKY. JIe- .6eH CtIHTaJIHCb nOKpOBHTeJISlMH nTHeJIOBa...» * MomeT 6bITb, HMeHHO 3Ta MeHaSl CTaSl aJIa HeH3BeCTHOMY CKa- 30tIHHKY ClOmeT JIH CKa3KH 0 rycSlx-JIe6eSlx, YTaHBmHX IIBametIKY K 6a6e-B-Slre? OqeHb noxome. H Ha 3TOT Bonpoc u ern;e npeCTOHT HaHTH OTBeT. IIotIHTaHHe JIe6e,ZJ;Sl MhI HaXOHM TaKme Y MHorHX ,n;PY- rHX ypaJIO-aJITaHCKHx HapOOB, a TaKme Y cpHHCKHX H TlOpKCKHX nJIeMeH (cH6HpCKHX TaTap). Y BOTSlKOB-.H3hIQ- HHKOB B qeCTh 3Toro npe,n;CTaBHTeJISl 6oroB emerOHO YCT- u paHBaJICSl npa3HHK, KOTOphIH npOXOHJI B CBSleHHhIX * HnrjJanmbe8 II.II. nYTeweCTBHe B CTpaHY BorYJIOB. cn6., 1910. c. 70. 
i 86 pOIQax. rJIaBHhIH 60r Soltan rrpHHOCHJICH Ha 3TO TOpme- CTBO BYMH JIe6eHMH* . 06paTHM BHHMaHHe Ha HMH rJIaBHOrO 60ra - COJITaH H OCTaBHM B rraMHTH. lIo MHeHHIO HOJIOrrOKJIOHHHKOB, CHJIhHhIe llIaMaHhI CrrOC06HhI rrpeBpaIQaThCH B 3BepH, pbI6y H 60JIhllIelO qaC- ThlO B rrTHY - BOpOHa HJIH KoprnYHa. MorYT BhI3bIBaTh rro- maphI, rpa, rpOM. Ha llIaMaHa HMO 6bIJIO yqHThCH, HaqH- HaH C MOJIOhIX JIeT. qacTo rnaMaH caM BhI6HpaJI ce6e rrpe- eMHHKa, qYBCTBYH rrpH6JIHmeHHe CTapOCTH HJIH THmeJIOH 60JIe3HH. BamHoH qaCThlO rnaMaHCKOH HaYKH CqHTarrOCh KaMJIaHHe. BOT KaK OrrHCaJI ero r. CTapeB B cBoeH 3THor- pacpHqeCKOH KHHre «OCTHKH»: «illaMaH rrpHHHMarr caMbIe pa3JIHqHhIe rr03hI: BepTeJICH, rrpHcearr, CK8.KaJI. MHora me Ka3arrocb, qTO ero TpHCJIa JIHXOpaKa H TOIlIHHJIO; ry6hI, TYJIOBHIQe H HorH HaqHHarrH pomaTh. B 6eccBH3HOM KPH- Ke, rreHHH H rrJIaqe MomHO 6hIJIO YJIOBHTb orrpeeJIeHHbIe MOTHBbI C rrOBhIllIeHHeM HJIH rrOHHmeHHeM rOJIoca. KpaHHe xapaKTepHhIMH 6hIJIH MOMeHThI, Kora llIaMaH rrpHCTaBJIHJI KpaH 6y6Ha K rroHcHHe, K H3rH6y JIeBOR HorH H TYJIOBHIQa, rrpHKacarrcH K eTopoHOMY qJIeHY H oparr. lIpH 3TOM rrpaBaH Hora H JIeBaH PYKa rroHHMarrHch H orryc- KaJIHCb oHHaKoBo paBHOMepHO H eJIaJIH OHH H Te me BH- meHHH B pa3HhIx HarrpaBJIeHHHx. BbIJIO ceMh ceaHCOB - KO- JIeH C rrepepbIBaMH. C KambIM KOJIeHOM rnaMaH CTaHOBHJI- CH 3HeprHqHee, JIIOTee, cTpalliHee. mYTKoe BrreqaTJIeHHe rrpOH3BeJI OH Ha 3pHTeJIeH, BbI3bIBaH yxa meHIQHHY. Tor- a OH TpHCCH H peBeJI... » M XOTH KHHra CTapeBa BbIIliJIa JIeT Ha CTO rr03me « PYCJIaHa H JIIOMHJIbI » , B orrHcaHHH ce- I * AcpaHacbeB A.H. H3B.H.o.r.o. 1881. BbIn.Y. C. 281. 
_ 87 i BepHbIX KOJlYHOB B HHX YIIOMHHalOTCH OHH H Te me IIPH- CYIQHe lliaMaHH3MY aTpH6YTbI: yqeHHqeCTBO Y KOJlYHa, rJlYXOM Jlec, rpOM H MOJlHHH, BbI30B meHCKoro yxa H IIOC- JleYIOIQHe OTpHaTeJlbHbIe SMOHH: ... TBOplO rrocrremHO 3aKJIHHaHbH, 30BY YXOB - H B TbMe JIeCHOH CTpeJIa rrpOMqaJIaCb rpOMOBaH, BOJIme6HbIH BHXOpb rrOHHJI BOH, 3eMJIH B3porHYJIa rro HorOH... II BPyr CHHT rrepeo MHOH CTapymKa pHXJIaH, ceaH... ...Ax BHTH3b, TO 6bIJIa HaHHa!.. MbI yme rOBOpHJlH, qTO HaHHa OJlmHa 6bIJla IIpHHa- JlemaTb K OHOMY H3 cpHHHo-yropcKHX HapOOB CeBepHoro ¥paJIa, KOTOpbIM 06H3aHa CBOHM HMeHeM, He YIIOMHHYTbIM HH B OHOM H3 H3BeCTHbIX TOJlKOBaTeJleM HMeH co6CTBeH- HbIX. IIYlliKHHcKaH HaHHa YHaCJleOBaJIa CBoe HMH OT xaH- TbIMcKoro «HaM», qTO 03HaqaeT oHoBpeMeHHo H «meHIQH- Ha » H (c IIJlaMH » . HaHHa, HaM - meHIQHHa -IIJlaMH, mryqaH KpacaBHa, Yllia orHH, cpeH IIJlaMeHH. CerOHH TPYHO IIpeIIOJlaraTb, re IIOCMOTpeJl IIYlliKHH <PHHHa H lliaMaH- KY HaHHY, HO cOBIIa,ZJ;eHHe CJlHlliKOM HBHO, qTo6bI 6bITb CJlY- qaMHbIM. II eCJlH Bce-TaKH OIIYCTHTb, qTO HaHHa - pe- 3YJlbTaT aBTopcKoro BbIMbICJla IIOSTa, TO MOMa H COPHH- HaM - peaJIhHbIM, HeKora CYIQeCTBOBaBlliHM H3bIqeCKHM HOJl, rJlaBHOe meHCKoe 6omecTBo YPaJIbCKHX yrpoB, H3Be- CTHbIM IIO HMeHaMH llMa, MOMaJIb, IOMaJIa. 
i 88 B peBHeH H3bIqeCKOH PYCH BJlHHHHe KyecHHKOB H BOJl- XBOB 6bIJlO Qpe3BbIqaHHO BeJlHKO, HO C npHXOOM XPHCTH- aHCTBa nOCTeneHHO oCJla6eJIo. B 3TOM npoecce H3bIQeCTBO npHo6peJlo HOBbIe npHQY,lJ;JlHBbIe cpOpMbI: OT KaHOHH3aHH H3bIQeCKHX CBHTbIX O npeBpaeHHH HX B CKa30QHbIe nep- COHamH, noo6HbIe Hre H HaHHe. BeYHbI H BebMbI CO BpeMeHeM YTpaTHJlH CBoe HCKYC- CTBO, 3aTaHJlHCb Ha 8.JIeKHX OKpaHHax H B rJlYXHX JIecax. OJIbIIle PyrHx npocyecTBoBanH KOJIYHbI B 6e36pemHbIX CH6HPCKHX ypMaHax, omHB O Tex HeH, Kora npHHa- JIemHOCTb K llIaMaHCKOH KaCTe CTaJIa CQHTaTbCH KOHTppe- BOJlIOHOHHbIM eHHHeM CO BceMH BbITeKalOHMH nOCJIe- CTBHHMH. BepCTa eB.SITaJI :QapeBHa-JI.HrymKa ...M HaKOHe-TO H cropalO M qe- JIOBeKOM CTaHOBJIIOCb. 10. ill eCmaJlOB. KoziJa KallaJlO .MenJl COJlne CropeTb Ha CBHeHHOM orHe, QTo6bI CTaTb QeJlOBeKOM?! HMeHHO 3Ta H3bIQeCKaH HeH 3aJlOmeHa B OCHOBY CKa3KH 0 nJleMHHHHe Ba6bI-HrH - apeBHe-JlHrYIliKe. CpeH Tex HeMHorHX, KTO 3aHHMaJlCH H3YQeHHeM PYC- CKOH HapOHOH CKa3KH, npocpeccop JIeHHHrpMCKoro YHH- BepCHTeTa B.H. IIponn, OCTaBHBIlIHH nocJle ce6H HeCKOJlb- KO TPYOB 0 CKa3Ke, caMbIM 3HaQHTeJlbHbIM H3 KOTOpbIX CJIeyeT CQHTaTb KHHry «HCTOpHQeCKHe KOpHH BOJlllIe6HOH 
89 i CKa3KH » . B STOM CPYHaMeH- TaJIhMOM pa60Te IIponn no- P06HO OCTaHOBHJICH Ha npe- u u nOJIaraeMOH pOOCJIOBHOH HrH, ceJIaJI nop06HhIM aHaJIH3 ee xapaKTepa, BHem- Hero 06JIHKa, aKceccyapoB H aTpH6YTHKH, eM npHCYIQHX, nOnhITaJICH OThICKaTh KOP- HH poa CJIaBHHCKoM HrH B cpOJIhKJIOpe ACPPHKH, OCTpO- BOB OKeaHHH, B CeBepHOM AMepHKe, CBH3hIBaH ee npo- HcxomeHHe C peBHHM 06- pHOM HHHHaHH. YBJIetleHHOCTh rHnOTe- 30M 0 CBH3H 06pHa HHHHa- HH C MHcpaMH 0 cYIQeCTBax, noo6HhIX Hre, nO-BHHMO- MY, nOMemaJIa YtleHOMY BHHMaTeJIhHO npHCMOTpeThCH K PyrHM B03MomHhIM BepCHHM, B pe3YJIhTaTe tlero OT BHH- MaHHH YCKOJlh3HYJIH tlyecHhIe <pOJIhKJIOpHhIe HCTOtlHHKH ceBepHhIx HapOHOCTeH HameM POHHhI. B03MomHO, npH 60JIee TIQaTeJIhHOM HX paCCMOTpeHHH cerOHH He B03HHKa- JIO 6hI Bonpoca 0 npOTOTHnax Ba6hI-HrH H caMOM ee HMeHH. BMeCTe C TeM TPYhI B.5I. IIponna MorYT CJIymHTh OC- HOBaTeJIhHhIM nocnopheM B paCCJIeOBaHHH nOtlTH eTeK- THBHOH HCTOpHH 0 pa360HHOH 6a6yce, H3pHHO HaCJIeHB- meH He TOJIhKO B <pOJIhKJIOpe, HO H B HCTOpHH, H OCTaBHB- meH 0 ce6e Heo6pylO naMHTh KaK 0 nOXHTHTeJIhHHe. ITo TaK IIpeCTaB]HIJlH BeJlHKYIO BorHHIO B 3IIOXY IIaJIeOJlHTa (<<BHJlJleHop<pcKa BeHepa») 
i 90 TPMHH.HM eTeKTHBHOrO maHpa rrOHCK HapYIlIHTeJI.H CJIe- yeT HaqHHaTb C H3eHH.H ero oKpymeHH.H H pOCTBeHHbIX CB.H3eH. ITocTyrrHM rro TpaHHH. OrrpeeJIeHHO, qTO KOHcpepeHH.H yPaJIbCKHX KpaeBeOB He rrpOIliJIa JI.H MeH.H HarrpaCHO: COBepllIeHHO HeomHaHHO H3 CbIKTbIBKapa rrpHIliJIa B MOH apec MaJIeHbKaH 6aHe- pOJIb. 8TO KpaeBebI H3 Pecrry6JIHKH KOMH rrOCTapaJIHCb rrOMOqb MHe B rrOHCKax Ba6bI-HrH H rrpHCJIaJIH H3p.HHO 3a- qHTaHHbIH C60PHHK «CPOJIbKJIOP Hapoa KOMH», H3aHHbIH B ApXaHreJIbCKe ee B 1938 roy. -qyecHbIH 3TO OKa3aJIC.H C60pHHK. Ero COCTaBHTeJIH, CTapa.HCb He paCrrJIeCKaTb HH KarreJIbKH H3 qallIH HapOHO- ro 3HaHH.H, 6epemHO 3arrHCaJIH, He rrpH6era.H K JIHTepaTYP- HOH 06pa60TKe CKa3KH H rrpeaHH.H Hapoa KOMH - 6JIH- maHlliero cocea CJIaB.HH. B C60PHHK BOIliJIH MHcpbI, rrpea- HH.H H CKa3KH KOMH-3bIP.HH, HaqHHa.H C peBHeHIlIHx BpeMeH. Bc.H HX rrpeJIeCTb B 3THorpacpHqeCKOH TOqHOCTH 3a- rrHcH, rr03BOJI.H1OeH Ha6JI1OaTb rrpoecc pa3BHTH.H H rrpe- 06pa30BaHH.H cpOJIbKJIOpHbIX 06pa30B C TeqeHHeM BpeMeHH H H3MeHeHHeM 06eCTBeHHO-3KOHOMHqeCKHX oTHollIeHHH H peJIHrH03HbIX B033peHHH. Oc06eHHo rrpHBJIeKaeT HeYTpa- qeHHa.H xyomecTBeHHocTb H3JIOmeHH.H H .HpKOCTb 06pa30B. ITpH BHHMaTeJIbHOM qTeHHH HeTpYHo 3aMeTHTb, KaK C TeqeHHeM BpeMeHH peBH.H.H 3bIp.HHCKa.H 60rHH.H MOM a - Ba6a rrOCTerreHHO CTaHOBHTC.H rrpo06pa30M Ba6bI-HrH, a 3aTeM, HaeJIHB Hry rrpHCYHMH ce6e CBoHcTBaMH, MeH.H- eT HM.H MOMa Ha HM.H Hra. B caMOM paHHeM cpOJIbKJIOpe MOMa, OTpama.H 60pb6y Memy MaTpHapxaTOM H rraTpHapxaToM, a B03MomHO, H BJIHHHHe peBHeHpaHCKHX peJIHrHH, rrorrepeMeHHO rrpH06- 
91 i peTaeT qepTbI TO MymcKoro, TO meHCKOrO rrOJIa, rrOKa He rrpHHHMaeT OKOHqaTeJIbHO meHCKHH 06JIHK: CHaqaJIa 3TO 60rHH.H, a rr03me, B CKa3Kax, - 3eMHa.H meHHHa. B.H. ITporrrr B KHHre «MCTOpHqeCKHe KOpHH BOJIIIIe6HOH CKa3KH» OTMeTHJI: «ECJIH Hra COCTOHT B pOCTBe C KeM-HH- 6Yb H3 repoeB, TO OHa Bcera rrpHXOHTC.H CpOHH meHe HJIH MaTepH repo.H, HO HHKora He caMOMY repOID HJIH ero OTy». B B.HTCKOH CKa3Ke ErH-606a rOBopHT: «Ax TbI H- T.HTKO! TbI MHe 6yeIIIb pOHOH rrJIeM.HHHHqeK, TBO.H Ma- MOHbKa ceCTpHa MHe 6yeT». CecTpHy 3eCb He CJIeyeT rrOHHMaTb 6YKBaJIbHO. CKopee, 3TH CJIOBa 03HaqaIDT, qTO ero MaTb rrpHHaJIemHT K TOMY pOOBOMY 06'beHHeHHID, K KOTOPOMY rrpHHMJIemHT H caMa Hra. Ee .HCHee 3TOT CJIY- qaH, Kora repOH yme meHaT. B 3TOM CJIyqae rOBOpHTC.H: «3TO 3.HTb MOH rrpHIIIeJI», T.e. Hra HJIH MaTb HJIH ceCTpa ero meHbI, rrpHHMJIemHT K TOMY me poy, qTO H OHa. B rrepMCKOH CKa3Ke* repOH B rrOHCKax HCqe3HYBIIIeH meHbI rrorrMaeT K Hre. «re TbI, MHJIOH pyx, rrpOmHBaJI- C.H? - ITpomHBaJIC.H .H y eYIIIKH B yqeHHKax IIIeCTb JIeT, OH crrOmeHHJI MeH.H Ha MaJIOH OqepH. - BOT TbI KaKoH ypaK! Beb TbI :>KHJI Y 6paTa MoeBa, a B3.HJI rrJIeM.HHHHy MOID». COMHHTeJIbHO, qT06bI repOH HHqerO He 3HaJI 0 CBoeH Tee, mHByeH B JIecy. Ho eCJIH rrperrOJIOmHTb, qTO Tea, ceCTpa H pyrHe 3aMeHHJIH C060H pyrHe cpOpMbI pOCTBa rro JIHHHH TOTeMHoro, a He ceMeHHoro pOCTBa, TO Tora B 3TOM HeT HHqerO yHBHTeJIbHoro. BHHMO, He CJIyqaHHo Ha 3TY cpOPMY pOCTBa HaMeKalOT CKa3KH rrepM.HKOB H B.HTHqeH, 6JIH:>KaHIIIHX coceeH yparrbc- * 3eJte1lu1l J(.K. BeJlHKoPyccKHe CKa3KH nepMcKoH ry6epHHH. IIeT- porpa)J;. 1914. 
j 92 KHX yrpoB, pO,l]; KOTOpbIX ,l];eJIHJICH Ha ,l];Be 3K30r8MHbIe <ppaT- pHH - IIop H MOCb. CqeT pO,l];CTBa Y HHX IIIeJI He no OTOBC- KOH, a no MaTepHHCKOH JIHHHH. MaTepb1O-npapO,l];HTeJIbHH- eH <ppaTpHH MOCb CqHTaJIaCb JIHrYIIIKa MHC-H3. CbIHCKHe xaHTbI Ha3bIBaJIH JIHryIIIKY «meHHHa MHC » HJIH « MHCbI KYT H3» - meHHHa MHC, mHByaH Cpe,l];H KOqeK. MaHCH, CqHTaBIIIHe ce6H nOTOMK8MH JIHrYIIIKH, Ha3bIBaJIH ce6H «Ha- pac-MaxYM» no HMeHH JIHryIIIKH-MaTepH HapaC-HaH, qTO 03HaqaeT BOJIOTHaH meHHHa. Ho Ha H3bIKe MaHCH CJIOBO u «HaH» 03HaqaeT He TOJIbKO MOJIO,l];Y1O KpaCHBY10 meHHHY, HO H nJI8MeHHYIO KpacaBHY. EaK B CBH3H C 3THM He BcnOM- HHTb qY,l];eCHY1O, HenOBTopHMYIO no ClOmeTY CKa3KY 0 II:apeB- He-JIHrYIIIKe. IIocJIe Toro KaK lIBaH cmHraeT JIHryIIIaqb10 Komy, II:apeBHa CKpbIBaeTCH Y CBoeH pOCTBeHHHbI Ba6bI- HrH, BepHee nOOqepe,ZJ;HO Y Tpex ceCTpH-Hrar (HrarH - no- MaHCHHCKH - ceCTpa). HrarH Be,l];YT ce6H C lIBaHoM no-po,l];- CTBeHHOMY ,l];06pOmeJIaTeJIbHO H no-ceBepHOMY rOCTenpHHM- HO. II:apeBHa-JIHrYIIIKa (HapaC-HaH), nO-BH,l];HMOMY, npHXO,l];HTCH 6a6YCHM-HrYIIIaM pO,l];CTBeHHHeH. HeapOM B CJIOBape B.lI. ,D:aJIH 60JIbIIIaH 3eJIeHaH JIHrYIIIKa HMeHyeTcH HKYIIleH, a no Ha6JI1O,l];eHHHM B. BapTeHeBa O,l];HH H3 ceBep" HbIX xaHTbIHCKHX pO,l];OB (OqarOB) Ha3bIBaJICH «HrH». lIHTepecHO, tlTO Ha PYCCKOM CeBepe B opHaMeHTax BbI- IIIHBOK BCTpeqaJIOCb H306pameHHe poma1OHx meHHH B BH,l];e JIHrYIIIKH. B pH,l];e CJIyqaeB JIHrYIIIKH-pomaHHbI H306- pameHbI pHOM C TepeMKOM-KanHeM. 8TH H306pameHHH u CBH3bIBa1OT C KYJIbTOM nOJIyxpHCTHaHCKOH"rrOJIYH3bIQeC- KOH 60rHHH Toro me CeBepa IIapaCKeBbI IIHTHHnbI, KOTO- paH 3a Hapyru;eHHe 3arrpeTa Ha pa60TY B nHTHHny MomeT HCTbIKaTb OCJIYlliHHny BepeTeHOM H npeBpaTHTb B JIHryIIIKY. 
93 i ITpocpeccop A.A. IToTe6HH B HCCJIe,l];OBaHHH «Ba6a Hra» rrperrOJIOmHJI, 'tITO ITapacKeBa IT8THHa H Hra H3Ha'tlaJIb- HO rrpeCTaBJIHJIH OHH H TOT me rrepCOHam, co BpeMeHeM pa3BOHBIIIHHCH. B OKa3aTeJIbCTBO OH rrpHBOHT BapHaHT u u PYCCKOH CKa3KH, He OCTaBJIHIOI.IJ;HH COMHeHHH, 'tITO JIHrym- Ka rrpHXOHTCH Hre O'tlepblO. 8TO ero Ha6JIIOeHHe xopo- mo corJIacyeTcH C cpHHHo-yropcKoH MHcpOJIOrHeH 0 HOMe, CopHH-HaH H Hapac-HaH. HecoMHeHHo, 'tITO OHH HMelOT 06- IIJ;HH co CKa3KaMH 0 Hre MHcpoTBOp'tleCKHH HCTO'tlHHK H 06'be- HHeHbI rro TeppHTOpHaJIbHOMY rrpH3HaKY. B MHcpe KOMH « KaK COTBOpHJIaCb 3eMJIH» HaXOHM: «ITpeme 3eMJIH H He6a He 6bIJIO, a 6bIJIO 60JIOTO H Ha HeM KO'tlKH. HH 3BepeH HHKaKHX, HH 'tIeJIOBeKa, HH rrTH... O- HambI rro rrHCK KOMapOB BbIJIe3alOT H3 60JIOTa Be JIHrym- KH... JIHrymKH yrraJIH, yapHJIHCb 060 'tITO-TO TBepoe H rrpeBpaTHJIHCb B JIIOeH. CJIerraH H rJIyrraH CTaJIa Ha3bIBaTb- CH EHOM, 3pH'tIaH H XHTpaH - OMOJIeM. meHa EHa pOHJIa eMY BYX 6JIH3Hen;OB: eBO'tlKY, KOTOPYIO Ha3BaJIH HOMoH, H MaJIb'tlHKa BOHrreJIH... A HapObI Ha 3eMJIe rrpOH30IIIJIH OT BOHrreJIH H HOMbI». ¥ KOMH eCTb rrorOBopKa: HOMa-Ba6a KOb JIbOK, 'tITO 3Ha'tlHT - 3JIa, KaK HOMa-Ba6a. HHOH H He MomeT 6bITb TeHb H BOHHH HrH. BbIXOHT, 'tITO HOMa-Hra - caMa BHy'tlKa JIHrymKH? llJIH ee O'tlb? ITo KOMH-cpOJIbKJIOPy rrOJIy'tlaeTCH, 'tITO He TOJIbKO O'tlb, HO H MaTb JIHrymKH. HaCJIeCTBeHH-OCTb 'tIaI.IJ;e Bcero rrepeaeTCH B TpeTbeM rrOKOJIeHHH. BOT CKa3Ka «HoMa H ,l];Be ceCTpbI»: «mHJIH-6bIJIH Mym C meHoH, H pOHJIaCb y HHX O'tlb. IIocJIe 3Toro meHa YMepJIa H OH meHHJICH Ha py- rOH. BTopaH meHa Tome pOHJIa eMY O'tlb. HeB3JII06HJIa Ma- 'tIexa CBOIO rr'tIepHU;y, B03HeHaBHeJIa ee, 6HJIa 'tIeM HH rro- 
i 94 IIa.H. A OHambl IIp.HMO CKa3aJIa Mymy: "Kya XOqeIIIb y6HpaM Oqb C MOHX rJIa3". YBeJIH OHH eBYlliKY H 6pOCHJIH B KOJIOe. IIOIIaJIa OHa Ha KaKOM-TO 3eJIeHblM JIyr. BHHT: IIaCeTC.H Ta6YH JIOlliMeM. (06paTHM BHHMaHHe Ha JIOIIIaeM HOMbl-.HrH H B03bMeM Ha 3aMeTKY.) IIOOIIIJIa OHa K KOH.HM, IIOXOJIHJIa HX, IIOqeCaJIa, H KOHH eM CKa3aJIH: «IIoMeIIIb Tbl aJIbIIIe, IIpHeIIIb B H36y HOMbl- Ba6bl. OHa IIpHHeceT Te6e KpaCHble H CHHHe JIYKOIIIKH, B03bMH ce6e KpacHoe". IIpHIIIJIa, HaKOHe, K OMY HOMbl. BXOHT B OM, HOMa eM H rOBopHT: "KameTC.H, y MeH.H IIpHCJIyra IIO.HBHJIaCb. IIoH-Ka IIOCKopee 3aTOIIH 6aH1O, a TaK, qTo6bl HH OrH.H, HH blMa He 6blJIO BHHO, HaKOJIH pOB, a TaK, qTo6bl HH 3BYKa He 6blJIO CJIblIIIHO" . 3aTOIIHJIa eBYlliKa 6aH1O, aHoMa IIpHHeCJIa Tya IIOJI- Hoe JIYKOlliKO JI.HrYIIIeK-.HepH a BO.HHbIX HaceKOMbIX. "BbIMOM, rOBopHT, BblIIapb MOHX eTOK. . ." » TaKHM 06pa30M, pOCTBO HOMbl-.HrH C JI.HrylliKOM H ame .HepHeM MomHO CqHTaTb OKa3aHHbIM. .Hra H JI.HrYlliKa HMe10T He6eCHoe, 60meCTBeHHoe IIpOHcxomeHHe H o6a - cyecTBa CBepxeCTeCTBeHHble. r. CTapeB B 3THorpacpHqeCKOM OQepKe «OCT.HKH» Co- 06aJI 0 cyecTBoBaBIIIeM y xaHTOB IIpeCTaBJIeHHH 0 IIO- 3eMHOM MHpe, YIIpaBJI.HeMOM YXOM, HMe1OHM CB.H3b C JI.H- rYlliKOH H .HepHeH. Ha OHOM H3 HeHHbIX B 1946 ro,l{y B r. qepblHH IIepM- CKOM 06JIaCTH III8.MaHCKHX IIJIaCTHH, «6ecoBcKHX IIpHB03HblX K03HeM», C H306pameHH.HMH 6oroB, CB.H3aHHblX C KYJIbTOM IIJIOOpOH.H Y peBHHX YPaJIbCKHX IIJIeMeH, 60rHH.H, Hecy- a.H Ha rOJIOBe CHMBOJI BepXHero MHpa - COJIHe, CTOHT HO- r8.MH Ha 3HaKe HHmHero MHpa - .HepHn:e. IIoo6Hble H306- 
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i 98 6HOnOJI1O, HJIH, KaK MOHO Hac Ha3hIBaTh, 3KCTpaceHC. Mem- lIY npoqHM, KaHaT reoJIoro-MHHepaJIOrWlecKHx HaYK. IIpo- qHTarr B ra3eTe BaIllY BepCH10 0 npOHcxomeHHH HrH H 30JIo- TOM Ba6hI H nopa.n;oBarrC.H oTBeTcTBeHHoMY noxoy K npo- 6JIeMe. IIocJIe eJIoro p.Ha cneKYJI.HHM Ha 3TOM TeMe Bpoe "30JIOTOrO OrH.H IOrphI" H KHHocpHJIhMa "30JIOTa.H Ba6a" - peKHM CJIyqaM. IIoTOMY.H H cqeJI HymHhIM BCTpeTHThC.H. ,lJ:eJIO B TOM, qTO 30JIOTOM Ba60M .H Tome 3aHHMaJOCh e- JIhIM p.H JIeT, H, BHHMO, HeMarro 3eCh npeycneJI. TaKHe "qa- CTHhIe" BonpOChI, KaR napanCHXOJIOrH.H, HJIO H BepMYCKHe .HBJIeHH.H, HeJIh3.H paCCMaTpHBaTh CaMH no ce6e, 6e3 yqeTa ca- MhIX IlIHpOKHX CBeeHHft H3 KOCMHqeCKOrO eCTeCTB03HaHH.H, HCTOpHH, reOJIOrHH, aCTpOHOMHH H TaR arree. Ha.n;e1OCh, BhI He CTaHeTe OTpHaTh np030pJIHBOH MYPOCTH peBHHX? » H OTpHaTh He CTarr, H CTOKHH npOOJImHJI C YBJIeqeH- HOCTh1O cpaHaTHKa, 3aHKJIHBllIerOC.H Ha OHOH Hee: «Be3 CBoero rJIy60Koro 3HaHH.H aCTpOHOMHH, reOJIOrHH H c06- CTBeHHhIX CHCTeMaTHqeCKHX HayqHhIX pa3pa60TOK B 3THX 06JIaCT.HX, a He CMor 6hI pa306paThC.H, nOqeMY 30JIOTa.H Ba6a OKa3aJIaCh Ha 10re HMaJIa, MHe OHOMY H3BeCTHOM MeCTe. K comarreHH1O, ey B MOCK BY - 3TO TOT THnHqHhIH CJIyqaft, Kora OT rOJIOBhI O XBOCTa H OT XBOCTa O rOJIOBhI pa3Hoe paCCTO.HHHe: qT06hI c06paTh 3KcneHH1O Ha HMaJI, Ha.n;O H3 T10MeHH CHaqarra BhIexaTh B CTOJIHY... ECJIH 3axo- THTe npHcoeHHHThC.H - MHJIOCTH npOIlIY». H nocnelliHO n06JIarOapHJI. 8KCTpaceHC nOHHMa1O{Qe KHBHYJI H npOOJImHJI: «OqeHh npH.HTHO. K COmaJIeHH1O, B HallieM mH3HH qaw;e BCTpeqa10 06paTHoe. OHH H3 peaK- TOpOB, K CqaCTh10 yme 6hIBIlIHH, YMYpHJIC.H B 1984 roy HCKJI10qHTh H3 MoeH CTaThH B nonYJI.HpHOM mypHarre 06'h.Hc- HeHHe, nOqeMY apHH HHO-HpaHCKoro npOHCXOmeHH.H H 
_ 99 i rrpeKH cpHHHOB, CKaHHHaBOB, rrHrMeeB 12, 5 TbICHqH JIeT Ha3a YIliJIH C pacrrOJIaraBllIeHcH paHee B CeBepHoM OKeaHe rHrrep60peH, qT06bI 3aCeJIHTb EBpa3HIO. ITpHqHHOH 6bIJI Ka- TacTpocpHqeCKHH rrOBopOT 3eMJIH Ha 72 rpMyca. rH6eJIb MaMOHTOB - rrOCJIeCTBHe KaTacTpocpbI. B MHcpax rpeHH H ,n:peBHero KHTaH 3arreqaTJIeHbI cpparMeHTbI 3Toro KOCMH- qeCKOrO rrpOHCllIeCTBHH. 06paTHaH BOJIHa MHrpaHH apHeB qepe3 5-7 TbICHq JIeT rrOCJIe KaTacTpocpbI rrpHHeCJIa C C060H 30JIOTOrO HOJIa Ha ceBepHYIO OKOHeqHOCTb A3HH - HMarr. H OJIjKeH 6bIJI BaM CKa3aTb, qTO He rrpHeMJIIO COBpeMeH- HOH Y3KOH MeTOOJIOrHqeCKOH 6a3bI, CBOHCTBeHHOH OCHOB- u u HOH qaCTH HCCJIeOBaTeJIeH, H, BHHMO, B CHJIY 3Toro H pe- llIalO 3MaqH, KOTopbIe PyrHM 06bIqHO He rro CHJIY. B qac- THOCTH, H HHKora He MeTarrCH, KaK MHorHe B rrOCJIeHHe eCHTHJIeTHH: rrpH3HaBaTb HJIH He rrpH3HaBaTb pearrbHOCTb 6H03HeprHH, cpH3HqHOCTb KOCMHqeCKOH cpebI. H He 3aHH- MalOCb B 3TOM rrJIaHe 60JITOBHeH, XOTH H orry6JIHKOBaJI CTa- TblO 0 cpH3HqeCKHX OCHOBax 6H03HepreTHKH B MaTepHaJIaX rrHToro KOHrpecca rraparrCHXOJIOrOB B BpaTHCJIaBe. BMeCTe C rpyrrrroH HaH60JIee TaJIaHTJIHBbIX 3KCTpaceH- COB Ha OCHOBe HMelOrn;eHCH HHcpopMaHH yarrocb YTOqHHTb MeCTO xpaHeHHH H HCTOpHIO Ba6bI. KCTaTH, OJIjKeH BaM u 3aMeTHTb, qTO H KaTerOpHqeCKH He COrJIaCeH C BallieH oeH- u KOH pOJIH llIaMaHOB H llIaMaHH3Ma. illaMaHbI COXpaHHJIH peBHeHIlIYIO HaYKY yrrpaBJIeHHH H rr03HaHHH 6HOrrOJIH, OCTaBIlIYIOCH HM OT jKpeOB-paBH- OB. ITo CYTH eJIa, llIaMaHbI - 3TO 3KCTpaceHCbI B COBpe- MeHHOM rrOHHMaHHH 3Toro HBJIeHHH. BbI COrJIaCHbI C TaKOH TOqKOH 3peHHH?» H cqeJI pa3YMHbIM He BCTyrraTb B rrOJIeMHKY, H CTOKHH C BOOYllIeBJIeHHeM rrpOOJIjKHJI: « Y MeHH eCTb pa3pa60T- 
i 100 Ka B 06J1aCTH KapKaCa cpH3HtleCKHX IIOJleH, H T060JlbCK Ha HeM - 3KCTpeMaJlbHaH TOtiKa. PaHee TaM cpHKCHpOBaJlH 60JlblliOe KOJlHtleCTBO r8.JIJlIOHHaHH H IIpOtlHX aHOMaJlb- HbIX cpH3HOJlOrHtleCKHX HBJleHHH, a CeHtlaC MbI Ha6J1IO,lI;aeM pOCT aHTHo6eCTBeHHbIX IIpOHBJleHHH. ,1];YMalO, CKa3bIBa- IOTCH oc06eHHOCTH KapKaca cpH3HtleCKHX IIOJleH B ,lI;aHHOH 30He. He CJlYtlaHHO HMeHHO OTCIO,lI;a BbIllieJl TaJlaHTJlHBbIH 3KCTpaceHC rpHropHH PaclIYTHH H HMeHHO B 3TOM perHOHe oc06eHHo Hepe,ll;KH BCTpetiH C HeOlI03HaHHbIMH JleTaTeJlbHbI- MH alIlIapaTaMH. "KOJl,ll;YH HeceT 6oraTbIpH" - Y IIYlliKHHa cppa3a He CJlYtlaHHaH, OHa HeceT HHcpopMaHIO 0 TaKHX BCTpetiaX Ha CeBepe, KOr,ll;a IIpHllieJlbbI IIbITaJIHCb 3aXBa- THTb C C060H tleJlOBeKa. O,ll;HH H3 TaKHX CJlyqaeB, KOHtlHB- lliHHCH Tpare,ll;HeH, IIpOH30llieJl COBceM He,ll;aBHo - B cpeB- paJle 1959 rO,lJ;a, KOr,lJ;a Ha CeBepHoM YpaJle IIorH6J10 cpa3Y 100lIbITHbIX aJlbIIHHHCTOB. 8TH pe6HTa OTlIpaBHJlHCb Ha BeplliHHY, KOTOpylO MaHCH Ha3bIBalOT XO,ll;a CHX3J1 - ropa MepTBbIX. KaK H IIOJlaraeTCH TaKOMY MeCTY, HMeJlO OHO ,lI;YP- HYIO CJlaBY: CtlHTaJlOCb, tlTO TaM 06HTalOT ,lI;YXH. TYPHCTOB 3TO He HClIyraJIO, H OHH OTBamHJlHCb Ha lliTYPM BeplliHHbI H IIOTepHJlHCb. Qepe3 KOHTpOJlbHOe BpeMH ClIaCaTeJlH BbIlliJlH Ha IIOHCK H 06HapymHJlH IIYCTYIO IIaJIaTKY, co BceMH Bea- MH, ee IIOJlOTHO OKa3aJIOCb pa3pe3aHO H OT Hee 110 cHery TH- HYJlHCb CJle,lJ;bI 60CbIX H 06YTbIX Hor; IIaJIaTKY IIOKH,lI;aJlH B ClIelliKe. 06HapymHJlHCb H TPYlIbI - Bce IIorH6J1H OT MHO- u meCTBeHHbIX TeJleCHbIX IIOBpem,lJ;eHHH HeH3BeCTHoro xapaK- Tepa: Y Bcex 6bIJI HeeCTeCTBeHHo-opaHmeBbIH BeT KomH. BeTBH ,lJ;epeBheB 6hIJlH KaK 6bI OlIaJIeHhI H HMeJlH IIOBhlIIIeH- HYIO PMHoaKTHBHOCTb, O,lJ;em,ll;a 06ropeJla. B03HHKaJIO BIIe- qaTJleHHe, tlTO rH6eJIh JlIO,lJ;eH H opaHmeBbIH BeT HX KomH 
_101 t B:&I3BaH:&I H3J1yqeHHeM HeH3BeCTHOH 3HeprHH. MaHCH-OXOT- HHKH YTBepmaJlH, qTO HMeHHO I;J 3TH HH BHeJlH Ha ro- pOH MepTB:&IX 6ecmYMH:&Ie orHeHH:&Ie map:bI, KOTop:&Ie JIe- TaJlH. H ew;e. B HMaJI:&CKOH TYHpe H Ha nJlaTO IIYTopaHa XO- HT TaHHCTBeHH:&Ie CJlYXH 0 "CHemHOM qeJlOBeKe" , KOToporo B aHTHqHOCTH Ha3hIB8JIH caTHpOM, HJlH "rOMO HOKT!OpH". H YMa!O, Me:>K HJIO H :ReTH OJDKHa 6hITh KaKaR-TO CBB3:&. Boo6w;e rOBopH, MHe CHMnaTHqHa Bawa BepCHB npOHC- xomeHHH HMeHH Hra H3 <pHHHo-yropcKoH JleKCHKH, HO, C03HaHTeCh, B:&I He O KOHn;a paCKphIJlH, 'tITO ee npapOH- TeJl:&HHn;a - 30JlOTaH Ba6a. IIo MHorHM npH3HaKaM OHa HanOMHHaeT HHHHCKY!O 60rHH!O 6eCCMepTHH AsaJIOKHTem- Bapy*. A HMH Hra, CKopee Bcero, CXOHO C HMeHeM HHHH- CKoro yxa BOhI HrHrH...» PeQHaH cTapyxa Hra-Ba6a H yx BO:&I HrHrH - eCT:& qTO-TO o6w;ee, OTMeTHJlB npo ce6H. Eora MOH rOCTh 3KCTpaceHC B:&IrOBOpHJlCH H ymeJl, npe,ll;BapHTeJI:&HO 3apyqHBWHC:& COrJIaCHeM epmaTh ero B Kypce MOHX H3hIcKaHHH, B 3&.D;YM8JICH H CBaJIHBWeHCSI Ha MeHH HHcpopMan;HeH: HeBeOMaH opomKa nOHCKa OT CTpaH rrOJlYHOW;H:&IX KPYTO nOBepHYJla Ha nOJleHh. ETO 6:&1 Mor nOYMaTh, QTO CJle,l); OT cTyn:&I ceBepHoH Beh- MhI YBeeT B aJIeKHe mapKHe CTpaH:&I HHH!O H HpaH, B KOTOphIX H3BOpOTJlHBaH CTapYWKa, QTo6hI OKOHtlaTeJI:&HO 3RrrYTaT:b CJIe, BPyr nepeMeHHT nOJI n npeBpaTHTCH B pec- neKTa6eJIhHOrO Ba6a-:A:ora, 03HatlalOerO Ha caHCKpHTe  OTe Horn» . * AB8JIOKHTeWB8pa - ()OXHcaTBa MHJIOCepH.R B (5YH3Me. - [[puMel£. pefJ. 
i 102 BepCTa OHHHaTaJI OTe Jlrn B peJIHrHH HapO.n;OB ,n:Bype'tJbH KPymIylO poJIb HrpaJIH qpe3BDI'tlafurO .n;peBHHe BepOBaHHH 0 MHOrO'tIHCJIeH- HbIX HH3mHX .n;yxax, 3JIbIX H ry6H- TeJIbHbIX. 3To AYXH 3eMJIH, B03,l(yXa, BO.n;bI AHyuaKH H HrHrH, OJIHeTBO- peHHH 60JIe3HeH H BCHKHX HeC'tJaC- THH, rrOpamaIOIIJ;HX'tJeJIOBeKa. CA. TOKape6. PeJlUZUJl, 6 ucmopuu napoiJo6 MUpa. M., 1986. C. 328. «illYMepbI MbI! - pa3rOpH'tIHJICH Ha O,l];HOH H3 JIHTepa- TYPHbIX BCTpe'tl co CBOHMH lIO'tlHTaTeJIHMH MaHcHHcKHH lI03T IOBaH illeCTaJIOB. - ,1];peBHeHllIaH HBHJIH3aHH MHpa 3apo,l];HJIaCb Ha oTporax YpaJIa H paCTeKJIaCb lIO BCe- MY CBeTY, OCTaBHB B lIaMHTb 0 ce6e He,l];aJIeKO OT HbIHellIHe- ro "tJeJIH6HHCKa rOpo,l]; C KaMeHHbIMH ,l];OMaMH H BO,l];OlIpO- BO,l];OM B03paCTa, lIepe,l]; KOTOpbIM erHlIeTCKHe lIHpaMH,l];bI H CcpHHKCbI HMelOT MJIa,l];eH'tIeCKHH BH,l];. 3eMHbIe H He6eCHble KaTaKJIH3MbI CTepJIH C JIHa YpaJIa ,l];peBHee rOCY,l];apCTBO, ero lIOaHHbIe pa36peJIHCb lIO BCeH 3eMJIe, 'tIT06bI Ha HO- BOM MeCTe YTBep,l];HTb CBOIO KY JIbTYPY. O,l];HO H3 HHX - ,1];BY- pe'tlbe... A ypaJIbCKHe yrpbI - 3TO OTlIpbICKH peBHero Ha- poa llIYMepOB, HOCHTeJIH ero ,l];peBHHX 06pHOB, H3bIKa H peJIHrHH. . . » Mo:meT, H He Bce H3 HaxO,l];HBllIHXCH Tor,l];a B 38JIe lIOHHJIH B TOT Be'tlep lIOJIeT MbICJIH HeyroMoHHoro lIaTpHOTa IOrpbI lOB a- Ha illeCT8JIOBa: 'tIY8.K, KY,l];a 3aHeCJIO rpellIHoro - B ,1];Bype- 
_103 i qbe! 8JIeKOBaTO OT 3eMeJIh, XOJIO,lJ;HhIX H nOJIyHOrn;HhIX. If HeB- OMeK 6hIJIO TeM HeMHOrHM CKenTHKaM, qTO IOBaH Ha STOT pa3 6hIJI COBceM He,lJ;8JIeK OT HCTHHhI, HHqerO He BhI8JI H He npHYKpaCHJI, pa3Be qTO qYTb rOpHqHJICH, KaK MHorHe nOSThI. BnpOqeM, STO K HameMY nOHCKY He OTHOCHTCH. eHCTBHTeJIhHO, npe,lJ;KH Bcex COBpeMeHHhIX HpaHCKHX HapO,lJ;OB - IlIYMephI He 6hIJIH KopeHHhIM HaCeJIeHHeM BY- peqhH, a HBHJIHCh CIO,lJ;a OTKY,lJ;a-TO H3 ceBepHhIX KpaeB, C Yp8JIa H rHnep6opeH, H3 ceBepO-BOCTOqHhIX 06JIaCTeH IOro- 3anMHOH A3HH H HMeJIH BhICOKHH ypOBeHh KYJIhTypHoro pa3BHTHH: Y HHX 6hIJIa nHCbMeHHOCTh. ConOCTaBJIeHHe H3- BeCTHoro HaM no nHChMeHHhIM naMHTHHKaM, rJIHHHHbIM KJIHHOnHCHbIM Ta6JIHqKaM TpeTbero ThICHqeJIeTHH ,lJ;O HO- BOH SphI IlIYMepCKoro H3hIKa C cpHHHoyropcKHMH H KaBKa3- CKHMH ,lJ;aeT OCHOBaHHe npe,lJ;nOJIaraTh 0 HX 6JIH3KOM pO,lJ;- CTBe H o6rn;lix KOpHHX. IIpHHHTO CqHTaTh, qTO Ha TeppHTO- pHHX COBpeMeHHoro IfpaHa mHJIH nJIeMeHa, rOBopHBIlIHe Ha ,lJ;HaJIeKTaX, HCXO,lJ;HhIX ,lJ;JIH ,lJ;paBIi,lJ;HHCKOH ceMhH, B03- MomHO CBH3aHHOH C ,lJ;peBHeypaJIhCKHMH H3hIKaMH. Pacnpo- CTpaHHHCh ,lJ;aJIee Ha BOCTOK, ,lJ;peBHHe ,lJ;paBH,lJ;hI C03,lJ;aJIH B ,lJ;OJIHHe IfH,lJ;a BhICOKopa3BHTYIO HBHJIH3aHIO, KOTopaH nO,lJ;,lJ;epmHBaJIa ToprOBhle H KYJIhTypHhle CBH3H C IlIYMepc- KOH. Y HHX 6hIJIH CXO,lJ;Hhle H3hIKH H noxomHe 60rH. peBHeHpaHCKHe H ,lJ;peBHeHH,lJ;HHCKHe nJIeMeHa 6hIJIH CXO,lJ;HhI no H3hIKY Ii KYJIhType. Pa3,lJ;eJIeHHe HX npOH3011IJIO BO BTOpOM ThICHqeJIeTHH,lJ;O HOBOH SphI. B STY snoxy peJIHrH- 03Hhle BepOBaHHH 060HX nJIeMeHHblX rpynn 6hIJIH, KaK H .H3hIKH, CXO,lJ;HhI. PO,lJ;CTBO HX He npeCTaBJIHeT COMHeHHH, a BOT KOHTaKThI HH,lJ;OHpaHeB C HaCeJIeHHeM rHnep60peH H npHyp8JIhCKHMH nJIeMeHaMH YCTaHOBHTh rOpa3,lJ;O CJIOmHee. 
.t 104 _ YTOHYJIH BO T:&Me BeKOB H no HaWH ,lJ;HH 3ara,lJ;OtlHhI CBa- 3H Q>HHHo-yrpoB C HpaHCKHM MHpOM. HpaHCKoe CTOJIOBOe cepe6po, IOBeJIHpHDIe H3,lJ;eJIHa H opymHe, CBaCTHKa B opHa- MeHTe, PHTYaJIhHDIe TaHIJ;DI C MetlaMH H Ca6JIaMH, aHaJIO- rHtlHDIe BCTpetlalOHMCa Y HapO,lJ;OB HpaHa H KaBKa3a, IOmHaa pacnaWHaa O,lJ;em,lJ;a, KYJIhT JIOma,lJ;H H MHoroe ,lJ;py- roe rOBopaT 0 HaJIHtlHH IOmH:&IX KopHeH H YCToAtlHBDIX CBa- 3eH Mem,lJ;Y yrpO-Q>HHCKHMH H HpaHCKHMH HapO,lJ;aMH. B tPHHHo-yropcKHX a3hIKax MHoro cyw;ecTBeHHhIX, C TOtl- KH 3peHH.R Hawero HCCJIe,n;OBaHHa, COBneHHA C HpaHCKHMH CJIOB8MH. C ,lJ;eBHeHpaHCKHM CBa3aHO KOMH-3DIpHHCKoe, Y,lJ;- MypTCKoe, xaHT:&IAcKoe Ha3BaHHe xJIe6a, 30JIOTa B KOMH-nep- M.RKOM H YCKOM, CKOTa B YCKOM H KOMH-nepMa- KOM. HPaHCKOro npoHcxomeHHa yyprCKoe - myrt, KOMH- 3hIpaHCKoe mort - tleJIOBeK. OTCIO,lJ;a 3THOHHMhI .Y,lJ;MYPT», .MOp,lJ;Ba» OT ,lJ;peBHeHpaHCKoro martya - MymqHHa. BepoaTHO, BMeCTe C ,lJ;PYrHMH 3JIeMeHT8MH KYJIhTYPhI ew;e B ,lJ;peBHOCTH C TeppHTopHH Y p8JIa B HpaH (He HCKJI1OtleHO, qTO H Hao6opOT) 6DIJI npHBHeceH KYJIhT 60ra :ARMhI, npapO,lJ;HTe- JIa H nepBoro n;ap.R JIIOeH 30JIOTOrO BeKa, repoa, nO,lJ;apHBWe- ro JIIO,lJ;8M orOHh, BJIhIKH He6eCHoro n;apCTBa BetlHOrO OrH.R. B peJIHrHH peBHero HpaHa 060meCTBJI.RJIOCh He60. A rJIaBHhIM 6omecTBoM a3hI"CIHHKOB KOMH Tome 6hl.71 .EH.>, no,lJ; KOTOphIM nOHHMaJIOCh He60. 03HaQaJIO He60 H n;eHT- paJIhHOe 6omecTBo HX COCe,lJ;eH Y,lJ;MYPTOB - .HHMap». A 3a ThICa'tlH KHJIOMeTpOB OT HHX Ha TeppHTopHH peBHeH HH- )];HH ,lJ;Oqh COJIHn;a HOCHJIa noxomee HM8 .HH,lJ;pa», 03HaQa- 1Oee CBeTJIOe He6o. 060meCTBJIaJIOCh, nO-BH,lJ;HMOMY, He Boo6e He60, a COJIHn;e, KYJIhT KOToporo B rJIy6oKoA ,lJ;peB- HOCTH HMeJI pacnpocTpaHeHHe Y Bcex ceBepHhIx HapO,lJ;OB H 
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i 106 ,lJ;OllIeJI ,lJ;0 HallIHX ,lJ;HeH B BH,lJ;e lIpa3,lJ;HHKa lIOHBJIeHHH COJIH- a Y HeHeB H CeBepHbIX XaHTOB. cI>OJIhKJIOp KOMH COXpaHHJI MHOrO CKa30K H JIereH,lJ;, r,lJ;e KaK H B ,lJ;peBHeHH,lJ;HHCKHX MHcpaX, cpHrypHPYIOT COJIHe, MaTh COJIHa, ChIH Ii ,lJ;Oqh COJIHa H ,lJ;IDKe 6hIK COJIHa. Y Ma- pHHeB BepXOBHoe 60meCTBO lIO HMeHH «1OMa» B qHCJIe MHO- rHX HMeeT 3lIHTeT «COTHH» - CBeT. B H3hIKe KOMH CJIOBO «COTa» 03HaqaeT «meqh», «lIaJIHTh». AHaJIor HOMhI H 10MhI IOropCKaH CopHH-HaH TaKme HeceT B CBoeM HMeHH lIOHHTHe «30JIOTOH orOHh». Bce 3TO HBHhle lIpH3HaKH HX lIpHqaCTHH K KY JIhTY 60ra COJIHa HHMhI. B CBH3H C 3TOH rHlIOTe30H lIPH- lIOMHHaerrCH CKa3Ka KOMH « OrKY,lJ;a lIOllIeJI HapO,lJ; »: «... Y ,lJ;BYX 6paTheB OCT'bHC (OBhI) H OllI'bHC (6hIK) 6hIJI CTpallIHhIH 60r HOMaJIh... » CTpaHHhle HMeHa 6paTheB H HX 60ra ,lJ;aJIeKO He CJIaHHhI H YBO,lJ;HT Hac K peJIHrHHM BJIHmHerO BOCTOKa, OTKY,lJ;a, eCJIH BepHTh CKa3Ke, Ii lIOmeJI HapO,lJ; KOMH. B ,lJ;peBHeM llIYMepCKOM MHpe Ha TeppHTopHH ,n:Bype- qhH OBa, K03a H 6hIK CJIymHJIH CHMBOJIaMH He6ecHhlx 60- meCTB. He CJIyqaHHO 3TH mHBOTHhle YBeKOBeqeHhI 3HaKa- MH 30,lJ;HaKa. QeJIOBeK06hIK AlIHC CHMBOJIH3HpOBaJI 60ra- JIYHY H CqHTaJICH BepXOBHhIM 60meCTBOM. MMH O,lJ;Horo H3 6paTheB B CKa3Ke «OllI-HC» He TOJIhKO C03ByqHO C AlIHC, HO H 03HaqaeT 6hIKa. IIO-BH,lJ;HMOMY, B YlIOMHHYTOM MHcpe KOMH MhI HaXO,lJ;HM OTrOJIOCOK ,lJ;peBHeHpaHCKHX MHcpOB lIepHO,lJ;a yracaHHH KYJIhTa AlIHca H 3apOm,lJ;eHHH HOBOH peJIHrHH 60ra COJIHa HHMa, CTaBllIero Ha YpaJIe HOMa- JIeM, a lIOTOM H HOMa-Ba60H. KYJIhT HOMa-Ba6hI cye- CTBOBaJI B IIpHKaMhe BlIJIOTh,lJ;O HaqaJIa xpHCTHaHH3aHH IIepMcKoro KpaH, KOr,lJ;a lIO,lJ; ,lJ;aBJIeHHeM MHCCHOHepOB OH HaqaJI OCJIa6eBaTh H BhITeCHHThCH Ha ceBepO-BOCTOK 3a 
_107 i YpaJI, r,l];e COXpaHHJICH B BH,l];e BeJIHKOH Ka3bIMCKOH 60rH- HH BYT- HMH. "t.JT06bI nOHHTb, nOqeMY 60r HOMaJIb B,l];Pyr CTaHOBHTCH HOMa- Ba60H, npH,l];eTCH npHnOMHHTb, qTO B HpaHCKHX H TK>pKCKHX H3bIKaX CJIOBO « 6a6a», HJIH « 6060 », ,l];06aBJIHeT- CH K HMeHH c06cTBeHHoMY B 3HaK oc060ro YBa:iKeHHH npH 06pa:w;eHHH K MY:iKqHHe, CTapllIeMY no B03paCTY (HanpH- Mep, A.n:H-6a6a), H nepeBO,l];HTCH C caHCKpHTa KaK «OTe». IIepeHHToe CJIaBHHaMH Y TK>pKOB CJIOBO «6a6a» npHHHJIO Y HHX CMbICJI npoTHBOnOJIO:iKHbIH H CTaJIO 03HaqaTb nO:iKH- JIYK> :iKeH:W;HHY. H3 MHcpOJIOrHH nepMHH BH,l];HO, qTO H3HaQaJIbHO HOMa- Ba6a 6bIJI MY:iKCKHM 60:iKeCTBOM, nOCTeneHHO H3MeHHBllIHM CBOH nOJI no,l]; BJIHHHHeM npe06JIMaK>:w;ero Y YPaJIbCKHX yrpoB nOKJIOHeHHH :iKeHCKOMY HaqaJIY. IIOJIO:iKHTeJIbHbIH repoH HHMa CMeHHJI He TOJlbKO nOJI, HO H xapaKTep. B03- MO:iKHO, B CBH3H C TeM qTO ero H,l];OJIY B cTapHHY npHHocH- JIHCb qeJIOBeqeCKHe :iKepTBbI, Y KOMH eCTb noroBopKa: «HOMa-Ba6a KO,l];b JIbOK» - 3JIa (30JI), KaK HOMa-Ba6a. aBHO n03a6bITbIH HpaHOM, HHMa-Ba6a npo,l];oJl:iKaJI ,l];oJIro e:w;e nOqHTaTbCH Ha cpHHHo-yropcKoM CeBepe no,l]; HMe- HaMH IOMbI, HOMbI, HOMaJIbI, IOMaJIbI, BYT- HMH. A OT HPaH- CKoro HHMa - Ba6a ,l];06aBKY K CBoeMY HMeHH YHaCJIe,l];OBaJIH 30JIOTaH Ba6a H Hara(Hra)- Ba6a. BnpOqeM, nOCJIe,l];HHH YHaCJIe,l];OBaJIa OT 60ra orHH e:w;e H MY:iKCKOH pO,l];OBOH npH- 3HaK xpaHHTeJIH oqara. HMeHHO n03TOMY OHa BCer,l];a B03JIe- :iKHT Ha neqH. HHTepeCHoe Ha6JIK>,l];eHHe, CBH3aHHOe C HrOH H OqarOM, BbICKa3aJI B KOHe npOllIJIOrO BeKa HCCJIe,l];OBaTeJIb CeBepa BapTeHeB: «OCTHKH CTporo npH,l];ep:iKHBaK>TCH reH- THJIbHOrO (TaK B TeKCTe. - A.3.) pO,l];CTBa. H3 Ha3BaHHH 
i 108 HeJlb3H BbIBeCTH XapaKTepa TOrO COI03a, KOTOpbIH OHH Ha- 3bIBalOT a6paCb. (ApaCb - o'tlar, MaHCHHCKOe. - A.B.). BOJlblliHHCTBO H3 3THX Ha3BaHHH npe,n;CTaBJlHIOT CJlOBa, HH- 'tIero He 03Ha'tlalOI.IJ;He B OCTHKOM H3bIKe, HanpHMep: HrH, IIaH,n;o, TaJIb'tlon... JIH'tIHbIe HMeHa 60JlbllielO 'tIaCTblO npo- H3BO,n;HbI: EpT-HrH (,n;o.m,n;eBOH CTapHK) H T.,n;. » C YTBep.m,n;eHHeM, 'tITO Ha3BaHHe po,n;OBoro COlO3a (o'tla- ra) HH'tIerO He 03Ha'tlaeT, BH,n;HMO, HeJlb3H COrJlaCHTbCH. Ha OrpaHH'tIeHHOH TeppHTopHH o,n;HOBpeMeHHO cOCYI.IJ;eCTBYIOT MHqJ KOMH 0 Hr MopTe, 6bIJlHHa OCTHKOB 0 60raTbIpe Hre H OCTHKHH pO,n;OBOH COlO3 (o'tlar) HrH, B03MO.mHO YHaCJle,n;o- BaBlliHH HMH 6bIJlHHHOrO repOH. H.JI. rOH,n;aTTH, COBeplliHBlliHH 3Kcne,n;HHIO Ha To60Jlb- CKHH CeBep, B CBoeH pa60Te (cCJle,n;bI H3bI'tIeCTBa Y HHOPO,n;- eB CeBepo-3ana.n;HOH CH6HPH» (M., 1888) coo6W;aJI, 'tITO B BepOBaHHHX MaHCH ,n;YXH - nOKpOBHTeJlH orHH Ha3bIBaJIHCb HaHHe-O:LIp. CJle,n;oBaTeJlbHO, Hra - 3TO HaHHe-o,n;bIp. A HMH HaHHa, KaK 3TO 'tIaCTO CJlY'tIaeTCH Y H3bI'tIeCKHX Ha- pO,n;OB, npe.m,n;e 'tIeM CTaTb co6cTBeHHbIM, 6bIJlO CYI.IJ;eCTBH- TeJlbHbIM H Mo.meT nepeBo,n;HTbCH KaK (cnJlaMeHHaH». ITo STOH npH'tIHHe nYlliKHHCKaH HaHHa YHaCJle,n;OBaJIa Bce 'tIep- TbI H nOBa,n;KH qJOJlbKJlOpHOrO nepCOHa.ma - Ba6bI-HrH. BpH,n; JlH MbI HMeeM ,n;eJlo co CJlY'tIaHHbIM COBna,n;eHHeM. BepoHTHee Bcero, nepBOHa'tlaJlbHOe 3HaqeHHe Ha3BaHHH po,n;a nonpOCTY 3a6bITo HJlH C03HaTeJlbHO YTaeHO OT He B Mepy JlI06onbITHoro nYTellieCTBeHHHKa. ECJlH cyw;ecTBOBaJI OCTHD;KHH po,n; HrH, TO HenpeMeHHO ,n;OJI:iKeH 6bIJI cyw;ecTBo- BaTb TaK:iKe H TOTeM po,n;a HrH Hero MaTepHaJIbHOe H306pa- :iKeHHe, 06bI'tIHO B BH,n;e 60JIBaHa-H,n;OJla. B03MO:iKHO, HM 6bIJla caMa CopHH-HaH - 30JIOTaH Ba6a, OTO:iK,n;eCTBJIHe- 
109 * Mag C SlrOH. Mo.meT, ee H HCKaJI 6e3ycnewHo B CBoe BpeMg mHJlLC cl>JleTtlep? KCTaTH, TO,. tlTO Ha3BaHHe pO,r(a 3a6LI- u TO, MomeT CBH,r(eTeJlLCTBOBaTb TaKme H 0 ,r(aBHeH nOTepe HJlH YTpaTe H306pameHHSI TOTeM a H 0 nOCTeneHHOM CTHpa- HHH H3 naMSlTH ero Ha3BaHHH. 06 H,r(OJle tioM8JIe ynoMHHaJI CHOppH CTYPJlYCOH B care 0 noxo,r(e TopHpa -C06aKH B npOCTHpaBmYK>CSI ,r(O OKeaHa BLSlp- MHIO, HJlH IIepMHIO. IIOtlTH tlepe3 TLICSltlY JleT nocJle Hero 3aXOJlYCTHLIH 6epe30BCKHH CBSlw;eHHHK IIonoB BbIBe,r(aJI Y xaHTOB H ,n;OHec B To60JlLCKYIO KOHCHCTOpHIO HMSI HX rJIaB- Hoil CBSITLIHH: HY-MaJl. Ew;e tlepe3 nSlTL,r(eCSlT JleT npocpec- Cop B.M. mHTKOB BLICK8.3aJI npe,r(nOJlOmeHHe, tlTO Ha3BaHHe nOJlYOCTpOBa HM8JI npOHCXO,r(HT OT HMeHH HeHeKoro wail- TaHa SlY-M8JI X3, tlTO 3HatlHT petlHOH CBSITOH. BnpOtleM, OH Mor HOCHTL H OCTSIKoe HMSI Hxa-6a6a, T .e. petlHaSl6orHHH. Ho BepHeMCSI Ha TeppHTOpHK> HpaHa B ,r(peBHHH WYMep- CKHH MHp, r,r(e 6LIJI C03,r(aH H COXpaHHJlCH ,r(O HaWHX ,r(Heil u u u nepBLIH H3BeCTHLIH HaYKe nHCLMeHHLIH HCTOtlHHK C yno- MHHaHHeM cyw;ecTBa, noxomero HMeHeM H xapaKTepOM Ha Hawy Hry- Ba6y. STO anoc 0 nepBOM ape 'YpYKa rHJlLraMe- u u me - BLIcwee ,r(OCTHmeHHe xY,lJ;OmeCTBeHHOH MbICJlH O,r(HOH H3 nepBbIX HBHJlH3aHH MHpa, ,r(peBHeHmaSl, CTapme HJlH- a,r(bI 60Jlee tleM Ha TbICHtlY JleT n03Ma. IIo3Ma 0 rHJlbr8MeWe 6bIJla HaHeceHa KJIHHOnHCbK> Ha rJlH- HSlHbIX Ta6J1HaX Ha tleTLIpex ,r(peBHHX Sl3LIKax npOHp8.HCKO- ro BOCTOKa - mYMepCKOM, aKKCKOM, XYPHTCKOM H XeTTC- ROM, BepOSlTHO, ew;e B KOHe 3-ro TbICgqeJleTHSll1.0 HOBOH 3pbI. B l1.0JlHHaX THrpa H EBcppaTa rHnep60peH WYMepbI CO- cyw:eCTBOBaJIH co CKOTOBO,r(tleCKHMH ceMHTCKHMH nJleMe- HaMH, TeCHO nepeMeWHBaSlCb ,n;pyr C ,r(pyroM, B pe3YJlbTaTe 
i 110 "tIero CeMHTCKHH H3bIK rrOCTerreHHO BbITeCHHJI ,n;peBHHH H3bIK llIYMepOB. B rrpOHpaHCKHH MHp K CeMHTaM MbI BepHeMCH ee He pa3 ,n;aJlee. B rr03Me apb YpYKa rHJlbraMellI o6paaeTCH K CBoeMY COI03HHKY, "tIeJlOBeKo6bIKY SHKH,n;y: «,n:Pyr MOH, ,n;aJleKO eCTb ropbI JIHBaHa. Ke,n;pOBbIM rrOKpbITbI 3TH ropbI JleCOM. JKHBeT B TOM Jlecy CBHperrbIH XYM6a6a. ,n:aBaH ero BMeCTe y6beM MbI C To6olO...» "tJeJlOBeKO-6bIKa MbI yme BCTpe"tIarrH B cpOJlbKJlOpe ceBepHH KOMH. TaK, MomeT, TaHHCTBeHHbIH XYM6a6a mHJI Kor,n;a -TO B Ke,n;pOBbIX Jlecax Y parra? IIo rrpe,n;- rrOJlOmeHHHM HeKOTopbIX COBpeMeHHbIX apxeOJlOrOB, B03- HHKllIHM rrocJle paCKorrOK ,n;peBHeHllIero ropo,n;a ApKaHM B "tJeJlH6HHCKOH 06J1aCTH H «,n;OJlHHbI apeH» (llHraJlbcKoH ,n;OJlHHbI) B TIOMeHcKoH, HMeHHO Ha 3TOH TeppHTopHH B «CTpaHe ropo,n;OB» 3apom,n;aJlHCb rrpoToHH,n;oapHHcKaH H rrpoToHpaHoapHHcKaH HBHJlH3aHH. 3,n;ecb me HarrHcaHbI PHrBe,n;a H ABecTa. A BOHHCTBeHHbIe apHHcKHe aMa30HKH, Harra,n;aH Ha OKpeCTHbIe Hapo,n;bI, ,n;aJIH rrOBO,n; ,n;JlH C03,n;aHHH CKa30K 0 cBHperroH « 6a6e» . OKOH"tIaTeJlbHOrO rro,n;TBepm,n;e- HHH ,n;orMKe rrOKa HeT. O,n;HaKo, HeCOMHeHHO, "tITO XYM6a- 6a, MHMa-Ba6a, MOMa-Ba6a, Mara(Hra)-6a6a, 30JlOTaH Ba6a, Ba6aH - CBepX'beCTeCTBeHHbIe cyecTBa o,n;Horo pH,n;a H Be,n;YT CBoe rrpOHcxom,n;eHHe H3 rJly6oKoH CTapHHbI. BbIllIe yme yrroMHHaJIOCb KYJlbTOBoe MeCTO 06CKHX yr- pOB, cocpe,n;OTO"tIeHHe MarreHbKHX H36YllIeK Ha O,n;HOM-,n;BYX cToJl6HKaX, cJlymHBllIHx XpaHHJlHaMH KYKOJI - BMeCTH- JlHeM ,n;YllI YMepllIHX rrpe,n;KOB. TaKoe MeCTO, HacToHHH ropo,n;OK MepTBbIX ,n;YXOB, HOCHT Ha3BaHHe Ypa. rpaHHa Mem,n;y CBeTJlbIM H rrOJlHOHbIM apCTBOM HOCHT HMH Yparr (cTpaHa ropo,n;oB?). Ha3BaHHH ,n;peBHeHllIHx ropo,n;OB ,n:BY- 
_111 i pe"tIbH HMelOT B CBOeM COCTaBe KOpeHb «YP», a O,n;HH H3 HHX TaK H Ha3blBaeTCH - Yp. B ,n;paaH,n;HHCKHX H3blKax CJlOBO «YP» 03Ha"tIaeT rrOCeJleHHe, ropo,n;. COTHH HaCeJleHHblX rrYH- KTOB B IOmHoH llH,n;HH, BepXOBHblM 60meCTBOM KOTOpOH C"tIHTaJICH « BJlMblKa HorH » IIIHBa, HMelOT OKOH"tIaHHe « YP » . B COBrra,n;eHHH xaHTblHCKOH H ,n;peBHeH ,n;paBH,n;HHCKOH TO- rrOHHMHKH, CJle,n;bl KOTOpOH BCTpe"tIaIOTCH TaKme H B llpa- He, Mbl HMeeM He rrpOCTYIO CJlY"tIaHHOCTb. 8TH CJle,n;bl Be,n;YT Hac K apCTBY MepTBblX H HoraM, HJlH HraM rrO-HallieMY. CrreHarrHCT rro HH,n;yHCTCKOH peJIHrHH E.ll. IIapHoB C"tIH- TaeT: «Bcex 6e3 HCKJlIO"tIeHHH HH,n;YHCTCKHX 6oroB 6e3YCJlOB- HO CJle,n;yeT rrpH"tIHCJlHTb K HOraM (HraM?). ,1J:aHKHHH (6ecoB- Ka), llIH-Ka"tIH (Be,n;bMa), HorHHH (KOJl,n;YHbH), Bce 3TH HH3- llIHe meHCKHe 60meCTBa C ,n;eMOHH"tIeCKHMH HMeHaMH H COOTBeTCTBYIOeH BHelliHOCTblO BOrrJlOaIOT TBOp"tIeCKYIO 3HeprHIO llIaKTH». KpOMe "tIHCTO rpaMMaTH"tIeCKOrO C03BY"tIHH HMeH KOJl,n;y- HHH - PYCCKOH HrH(MarH), HH,n;HHCKHX HorHHH, HpaHCKOH HrHrH, - 3aCTaBJlHIOerO 3a,n;YMaTbCH H rrorrblTaTbCH c,n;e- JlaTb o606eHHH, o6paaeT BHHMaHHe HerrpeMeHHaH crrYT- HHa HrH cTyrra, KOTopaH B CBeTe H3J10meHHOro rrpHo6pe- TaeT Heo6bl"tIHblH H 3J10BeHH CMbICJI. Ha caHCKpHTe CJlOBO «CTyrra» 03Ha"tIaeT BepXYlliKY MaB30JleH, HMrpo6He, KYJlb- TOBoe coopymeHHe Ha MOrHJle HH,n;YHCTCKoro HJlH 6y,n;,n;HH- CKoro CBHToro. A caHCKpHT - OCHOBa 60JlbllIHHCTBa eBpo- rreHcKHx H3bIKOB. 113 CKa3aHHoro MomHO c,n;eJlaTb BbIBO,n;, tITO o6pa3 HrH 6blJl CHHTe3HpOBaH H3 MHomeCTBa CXO,n;HbIX o6pa30B HH,n;O- HpaHcKoH MHcpOJlOrHH H rrpHBHeceH B C03HaHHe ceBepHblX Hapo,n;OB. MJlH Hao6opoT, H3 KaKorO-TO H3Ha"tIaJlbHO o6e- 
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115 i IlIHBa.rrH rr06J1H30CTH OT KarrHa. Y mKypbI 06H3aTeJlbHO COXpaHHJlH rOJlOBY H rrepeHHe HorH. BOT KaK orrHCbIBa.rr Ta- KHe MeCTa rpHropHH HOBHKHH: «.. .IIpH rJlaBHbIX me KY- MHpax BceramHe cTpamH H mpebI rrO"tIHTaIOTCH. "tJHH HX OJlmHOCTH Bcera 6bITb CJlymHTeJleM JlmH. "tJTO 6J1Hme Ta- TapcKHx mHJlH rrpe6bIBaIOT... Ha cKBepHbIe CBOH mepTBbI yrroTpe6J1HIOT JlOmeH. A B a.rrbHHX rrYCTbIHHbIX CeJleHH- HX OJleHeH HaHrra"tIe rrpHHOCHT Ha mepTBbI... CKOpO yapH- lOT HomOM B cepe, HcrryaH KpOBb B 6J1IOO, KporrHT celO Mep30cTblO H mHJlHe CBOH, HOJl8.M me YCTa rroMa3YIOT, B YKpameHHe me H BceramHe BocrrOMHHaHHe Komy C rJlaBOIO H HorH ame o KOJleH 3aeHHo C KomelO Ha peBax 3aBemYT H KYMHpHelO... CHM "tIaCTbIM rrpHHomeHHeM B rrpeMHorylO u u BHHHma HHeTY H KpaHHee pa30peHHe, HKO "tI H meH CBO- HX rrpoalOT 3aHMoaBaM CBOHM B pa60TY» . KapTHHY HOBHKHH HapHCOBaJl Brre"tIaTJlHIOYIO, H HeT rrpH"tIHH COMHeBaTbCH B ero 06'beKTHBHoCTH. "tJepe- rrOB H KOCTHHbIX Hor BOKpyr H36ymKH Ha KypbHX Hom- Kax HaKarrJlHBaJlOCb rrpeOCTaTO"tIHO H He HMeeT 60JlbmO- ro 3Ha"tIeHHH, Koro MOrJlH rrpHHHTb 3a 6a6Y-B-Hre - ca- Moro HOJla HJlH maMaHa, ero oxpaHHIOero. HeJlb3H He 06paTHTb BHHMaHHH Ha TparH"tIeCKYIO CBH3b Memy mep- TBorrpHHomeHHeM KYMHPy H OTa"tIeH B HeBOJlIO meHbI H eTeH mepTBYIOero. B CKa3Ke «KpOme"tIKa-XaBpOme"tIKa» MbI HaXOHM OTro- JIOCOK HMeHHO 3Toro pHTya.rra: JlI06HMYlO KOPOBY rrpHHOCHT B mepTBY BebMe-Ma"tIexe. Coo6eHHe HOBHKoro 0 rrpH- HeceHHH B mepTBY HOJlY, KOToporo MbI YCJlOBHO HMeHyeM 6a6a -B- Hre, JlOmaeH O"tIeHb BamHO JlH Hamero HCCJleOBa- HHH. A.A. IIoTe6HH, C"tIHTaBmHH Hry, Mopy H MopeHY, OJlH- 
i 116 eTBopHIOHX B CJIaBHHCKOH MHtPOJIOrHH 3HMY H CMepTh TOm,l];eCTBeHHhIMH Mem,l];Y C060H, HaXO,l];HJI HX HeCOMHeHHYIO CBH3h B CKa3KaX C JIOWa,l];hlO. ITo ero MHeHHIO, CKa30qHaH cpopMYJIa «ynacTH K06hIJIKY» 03HaqaeT ,l];06hITh B 3aMyme- CTBO ,l];Oqh Ba6hI-HrH. OH npHBO,l];HT MHomeCTBO BapHaHTOB CKa30K, YKa3hIBalOHX Ha pO,l];CTBO JIOWa,l];H H HrH. B O,l];- HHX Hra caMa 06paaeTCH B JIOWa,l];h, B ,l];pyrHx - 06paa- eT B K06hIJIH CBOHX ,l];OqepeH. CBH,l];eTeJIhCTBO HOBHKoro o npHHeceHHH JIOIlIeH B mepTBY H HaJIHqHH BOKpyr H36y- weK Ha KyphHX HomKax 60JIhWOrO KOJIHqeCTBa JIOWa,l];H- HhIX WKYP C rOJIOBaMH H nepe,l];HHMH HoraMH npOJIHBaeT u CBeT Ha npOHCxom,l];eHHe 3TOH CBH3H. ,D:onYCKaH, qTO Hra MOrJIa npe,l];CTaBJIHTh H3 ce6H H,l];OJIa nOJIyxpHCTHaHCKOH-nOJIYH3hIqeCKOH CBHTOH IIapaCKeBhI IIHTHHhI, IToTe6HH nepeKH,l];hIBaeT MOCTHK CBOHX paccym- ,l];eHHH K HH,l];HHCKOH MHcpOJIOrHH H HaXO,l];HT, qTO Hra-Ko- 6hIJIHa - MaTh COJIHa. B MHtPe 0 6paKe 06paTHBwerOCH mepe6OM BHBaCBaTa C nhITaBweHCH y6emaTh OT Hero no,l]; BH,l];OM K06hIJIHhI CapaHhlO rOBopHTCH, t{TO B pe3YJIhTaTe 6paKa y HHX pO,l];HJIHCh 6JIH3HehI: ArHH (orOHh) H HH,l];pa (CBeTJIOe He60). B nepenJIeTeHHH H Cxo,l];CTBe MHcpOJIOrHqeCKHX ClOmeTOB ceBepa H IOra MomHO YCMoTpeTh KaK HX 06ee HH,l];oeBpo- u neHCKoe HaqaJIO, TaK H oHHaKOB:bIe 3aKoHoMepHocTH H nYTH pa3BHTHH KY JIhTYPhI. MhI yme OCTaHaBJIHBaJIHCh Ha TOM, nOqeMY meHHHa Hra HaCJIe,l];yeT qHCTO MymcKoH npH3HaK xpaHHTeJIH orHH - OHa YHaCJIe,l];OBaJIa ero OT HpaHCKoro IIpoMeTeH aHMhI. (KCTaTH, no JIereH,l];e aHMY B KOHe ero mH3HH no- 6e,l];HJI TpeXrJIaBhIH ,l];paKOH, a TeJIO repOH paCqJIeHHJlH no- 
117 i rrOJIaM. OTMeTHM rrOCJIeHee 06CTOHTeJI:bCTBO - M:bI C HHM e:m;e BCTpeTHMCH, KOra 6yeM rQBOpHT& 0 Hre - KOCTH- HOH HOre.) B HHHHCKOH MH<pOJIOrHH peBHeHpaHCKOMY MHMe CO- OTBeTcTByeT ero aHaJIOr (MaMa) HMa, <pHrypa CJIOmHaH H MpaqHaH. C:bIH CapaH:b1O H 60ra COJIHa BHBacBaTa - HMa - 60r CMepTH, BJIa&IKa MepTB:bIX, nOBeJIHTeJI:b a H nomHpaTeJI& TpynOB. 110 3THM npH3HaKaM OH 6JIH3KHH po- CTBeHHHK HrH, mHByeH Ha rpaHHe mHBoro H MepTBoro a pCTB. 110 MHorHM rrpH3HaKaM CXOH:bIH C HpaHCKHM MHMOH, HHHHCKHH 60r HMa, nomHpaTeJI:b TpynoB, H306pamaJICH C 6:bIq:beH rOJIOBOH H OCTpbIMH 3y6aMH. 3a CBOH OrpOMH:bIe pora HMa 6:bIJI yOCToeH THTYJIa .HMa-JIYHoporHH». IJ:ap:b MepTB:bIX 5IMa H3 peBHeHHHHcKHX, Be,l);HHCKHX BpeMeH H306pamaJICH O,l);eT:bIM B KpaCHoe nJIaT:be, BepXOM Ha 6:bIKe, C opymHeM B BHe ,l);y6HHKH H neT JIH, B conpOBom,n;eHHH BYX 60JI:bllIHX rrCOB. rOJIOBY HMbI YBeHqHBaJIa THapa H3 qeJIOBe- qeCKHX qepenOB. qTo H rOBopHTb, 06JIHK y apH MepTB:bIX 6:bIJI ymacalO- HH, XOTH npoHcxomeHHe OH HMeJI 60mecTBeHHoe H ame MomHO B:bIpa3HT:bCH - 6JIeCT.H:m;ee. B nypaHHqeCKOH JIereH,n;e HMa - C:bIH BHBacBaTa H Ca- paHblO. Y HM:bI HMeJIC.H 6paT MHHa H cecTpa-6JIH3He HMH. MaTb 51MbI nOKHHYJIa (a MomeT, H YMepJIa) CBoero cyrrpyra BHBaCBaTa-COJIHe, He B:bI,l);epmaB ero OCJIerrHTeJI&HOrO 6JIeCKa H ,n;eTeH. BOCrrHT:bIBaJIa ero CJIymaHKa (HJIH TeH:b) CaBapHa. Maqexa 06HmaJIa HMY, H TOT O,l);Ham,l);:bI rrO,l);HHJI Ha Hee Hory (rrHYJI). 3a 3TO rro rrpOKJI.HTHIO CaBapHbI Hora y HMbI ,n;OJImHa OTnaCTb. Ho BHBacBaT CM.HrqaeT rrpOKJI.HTHe: 
i 118 Hora JlHllIb YCbIXaeT, JlHIlIHBIlIHCb MHCa H cyxomHJIHH, a C8.M .HMa, H3BeCTHbIH CBoeH ,n;o6po,n;eTeJlblO, CTaHOBHTCH, no YKa- 3aHHIO BHBaCBaTa, «JlOKanaJlOH» - xpaHHTeJleM IOra H apeM YMepllIHx npe,n;KOB*. B 3TOM MHcpe MbI Haxo,n;HM noxomHH Ha yropcKHe nOBe- pbH MOTHB: TeHb MaTepH He,n;o6pomeJlaTeJlbHO OTHOCHTCH K nOKHHYTOMY MaTepblO CbIHY, "tITO Boo6e xapaKTepHO ,n;JlH BepOBaHHH YPaJIbCKHX Hapo,n;OB 0 ,n;YllIe- ,n;BOHHHKe HJlH TeHH nOKOHHHKa. OCTaeTCH JlHllIb rMaTb, B KaKOM HanpaBJleHHH nYTellIeCTBOBaJIa JlereH,n;a 0 KOCTHHOH Hore: C IOra Ha ceBep HJlH C ceBepa Ha lOr H KaK nonaJIa OHa B PYCCKHe H yropcKHe CKa3KH 0 .Hre - KOCTHHOH Hore. KOCTHHYIO Hory .HrH IIponn C"tIHTaeT npH3HaKOM ee CBH- 3H C 3arpo6HbIM MHpOM. Ho, KaK OH caM 3aMe"tlaeT, ,n;PyrHx npH3HaKOB, YKa3bIBalOHx Ha TO, "tITO .Hra-Tpyn, B PYCCKHX CKa3Kax HeT.IIM me BbICKa3aHO npe,n;nOJlOmeHHe, "tITO npo- Hcxom,n;eHHe nOHHTHH Ba6a-.Hra CBH3aHO C 06pH,n;OM HHH- HaHH, cyecTBoBaBIlIHM B ,n;peBHOCTH y MHorHx Hapo,n;OB. PHTyaJl HHHHaHH (o6pe3aHHH) B 3noxy nepBo6bITHO-o6- HHHoro CTpOH COBepllIaJICH Ha,n; no,n;pOCTKaMH npH ,n;OCTH- meHHH HMH 3peJlOCTH, n03me 06pH,n; 06pe3aHHH HOBopom- ,n;eHHbIx nOHBHJlCH y ceMHTOB H COXpaHHJlCH y Hy,n;eeB no HaCTOHee BpeMH. lly,n;aH3M KaK peJlHrHH Ha"tlaJI cpOpMHpOBaTbCH B ,L(Bype- "tIbe, Ha TeppHTopHH COBpeMeHHoro IIpaHa. OTCIO,n;a onHca- HHH BaBHJlOHCKOro nepHo,n;a Hy,n;eeB H 3aHMCTBOBaHHH H3 HH,n;O-Hp8.HCKOH MHq>DJlOrHH B BH6J1HH. IIpH meJIaHHH B BH6- JlHH HeTpy,n;HO OTbICKaTb ClOmeT, BO MHorOM cxomHH C YCbI- * Fpunqep II A. MHcpbI HapooB MHpa. M.: C.S, 1980. T. 2. C. 682. 
_119 i xaHHeM HOrH .HMbI: «llaKoBY rrpHCHHJIOCb, qTO OH 60peTCH C 6oroM .HxBe (HeKOTOpbIe rrOJIaraIOT, qTO rrepBOHaqaJIbHaH cpOpMa HMeHH .HxBe HJIH .HrBe 6bIJIa .Hry). OH 60pOJICH H30 BCeX CHJI... Bor BbI,n;epmHBaJI HaTHCK llaKoBa,n;o paCCBeTa H, YB,n;eB, qTO O,n;OJIeTb ero He MomeT, KOCHYJICH mHJIbI ero 6e,n;- pa, KOTopaH HeMe,n;JIeHHO 3aCOXJIa. IIpOCHYBIlIHCb YTPOM, llaKOB o6HapymHJI, qTO xpOMaeT Ha O,n;HY Hory». CXO,n;CTBO HH,n;HHCKOH H ,n;peBHeeBpeHCKOH JIereH,n; HaJIH- O: .HMa rro,n;HHJI Hory Ha CBOIO 60meCTBeHHYlO Maqexy, H Hora OTCOXJIa. llaKoB 60pOJICH C 60rOM .Hry, H y Hero BbI- COXJIa mHJIa HorH. Bor Hy,n;eeB OTJIHqaJICH CypOBOCTblO H meCTOKOCTblO. COrJIaCHO BH6JIHH, .HrBe OqeHb HaCTOHqHBO Tpe6yeT, qTO- 6bI ero rrOqHTaTeJIH 6bIJIH o6pe3aHbI. He MeHee HaCTOHqHBa rrpeTeH3HH .HrBe, qTo6bI Bce rrepBeHbI 113paHJIH 6bIJIH rro- CBHeHbI eMY: «O,n;Ham,n;bI Bor, meJIaH y6e,n;HTbcH B rrpe- ,n;aHHOCTH ABpaaMa, pellIHJI rro,n;BepHYTb ero HcrrbITaHHIO: BeJIeJI eMY rrpHHeCTH B mepTBY H Cmeqb CBoero JII06HMOro CbIHa llcaaKa. CbIH 6bIJI e,n;HHcTBeHHoH Ha,n;em,n;oH ABpaa- Ma, HO TeM He MeHee OH CKperrH cep,n;e rro,n;qHHHJICH BOJIe BombeH. ABpaaM C llcaaKoM rro,n;HHJIHCb Ha BbICOKYIO ropy. CbIH Hec ,n;pOBa, OTe B O,n;HOH pYKe ,n;epmaJI ropHYIO JIyqH- HY, a B ,n;pyroH - OCTpbIH Hom. IIo ,n;opore llcaaK CrrpOCHJI: "OTe MOH... BOT orOHb H ,n;pOBa, r,n;e me arHe ,n;JIH Bceco- JKJKeHHH?" ABpaaM OTBeTHJI: "Bor YCMOTPHT ce6e arHa ,n;JIH BcecommeHHH, CbIH MOH". Ha BepllIHHe ropbI ABpaaM IIOCTpOHJI H3 KaMHeH mepTBeHHHK, CBH3aJI rrOTpHceHHoro llcaaKa H YJIOmHJI ero Ha KaMHHX rrOBepx ,n;POB. 3aTeM OH 3aHec Hom Ha,zI; CbIHOM, HO Bor qepe3 aHreJIa OCTaHOBHJI ero PYKY H 6JIarOCJIOBHJI 3a TO, qTO, rrOKopHbIH BeJIeHHIO Bora, 
i 120 OH rOTOB 6hIJI npHHeCTH B mepTBY CBOerO eHHCTBeHHOrO ChIHa. B 3TO BpeMH 3a6JIYHBllIHHCH 6apaH 3anYTaJICH PO- raMH B TepHHHX H ABpaaM npHHeC ero B mepTBY». B 3TOH rJIaBe BH6JIHH MhI HMeeM KOHKpeTHoe onHcaHHe pHTY8.JIa H3hIt.leCKOrO mepTBonpHHOllIeHHH, npH KOTOP.OM H3Hat.laJIhHO mepTBOH H36HpaJICH t.leJIOBeK H JIHllIb nOTOM ero 3aMeHHJIH Ha mHBOTHoe. BePOHTHo,3T06H6JIeHCKOenpeaHHenOCJIymHJIOOCHOBOH JIH CKa3KH CecTpHa A1reHYllIKa H 6paTe HBaHYllIKa». B HeH K03JIeHOt.leK, KOToporo XOTHT 3ape3aTb B yro BebMe- Hre, npHt.lHTaeT: KOCTpbI ropHT rOplOt.lne, KOTJIhI KHnHT KH- nyqHe, HomH TOt.laT 6YJIaTHbIe, XOTHT MeHH 3ape3aTH». .H3hIt.leCKOe mepTBonpHHOllIeHHe Bcera OMep3HTeJIbHO H meCTOKO, He3aBHCHMO OT Toro, KTO ero HCnOJIHHeT: peB- HHe HyeH, CJIaBHHe HJIH yrpbI. I10JIaraIOT, t.lTO Tpe60BaHHe BhIKyna mepTBOH nepBeH- eB, nOCBHaeMbIX Bory, 03Hat.laeT, t.lTO Kora-TO B peB- u HOCTH 3TH nepBeHbI eHCTBHTeJIbHO npHHOCHJIHCh B mep- TBY Bory - y6HBaJIHCb. B 1902 roy Ha 3eMJIe IIaJIeCTHHbI paCKOnaJIH 6H6JIeH- CKHH ropo re3ep. B OHOM MeCTe B 6paTcKoH MOrHJIe BOH- HOB HallIJIH CKeJIeT eBYlliKH, y KOTOpOH TeJIO HHme pe6ep 6bIJIO OTCet.leHO H ame CJIeOB Ta30BbIX KOCTeH Hor He 06- HapymeHO. B pyroM MeCTe, no cpYHaMeHToM OHOH H3 CTeH, o6Hapy.mHJIH CKeJIeTbI BYX My.mt.lHH. OKOJIO HX Hor CTOHJIH KYBllIHHbI, BOKpyr 6bIJIa pa36pocaHa nocya. OKO- u JIO OCTaHKOB 3THX TpynoB JIe.maJI paCt.lJIeHeHH:bIH CKeJIeT IOHOlliH. TeJIo ero TaKme 6bIJIO OTCet.leHO HHme pe6ep: HHm- HHH t.laCTb H HorH OTCYTCTBOBaJIH. IIoxo.me, t.lTO HorH npH- HOCHJIHC:b Ha aJITapb Bora. 
_121 t B O,n;HOH H3 new;ep XaHaaHa HallIJIH MHOrOqHCJIeHHhIe ,n;eTCKHe TpynhI. OHH 6hIJIH 3aXOPQHeHhI B KYBllIHHaX. BceM 3THM ,n;eT.RM HCnOJIHHJIOCh He 60JIee 8 ,n;HeH. HH y o,n;Horo H3 HHX Ha TeJIe He o6HapymHJIH CJIe,n;OB TpaBMhI HJIH HaCHJIh- CTBeHHOH CMepTH. TOJIhKO Ha OCTaHKax ,n;BYX MJIa,n;eHeB 6hIJIH 3aMeqeHhI CJIe,n;hI o6yrJIHBaHH.R. HaBepHoe, HX ee mHBhIMH BTHCHYJIH B KYBllIHHhI, B 60JIhllIHHCTBe CJIyqaeB rOJIOBaMH BHH3. CKopee Bcero, 3TO 6hIJIH nepBeH:bI, KOTOphIX npHHeCJIH B mepTBY HrBe. meCTOKOCTh H KpOBoma,n;HOCTb HrBe oco6eHHO BbIcTynH- U u JIH Ha nepBhIH nJIaH B 3noxy, Kor,n;a KOqeBhIe eBpeHCKHe nJIe- MeHa Haq8.JIH HacTynJIeHHe Ha 3eMJIe,n;eJIhqeCKHe 06JIaCTH XaHaaHa. OBJIa,n;eB CTpaHOH, H3paHJIhTHHe npo,n;OJIm8.JIH He- BepOHTHoe no mecToKocTH H36HeHHe MHpHhIX mHTeJIeH. 3pe- JIHa MHOrOtIHCJIeHHhIX mepTB, BH,n;HMO, ,n;OCTaBJIHJIH y,n;o- BOJIhCTBHe HrBe, KOTOphIH no 3TOH qaCTH npeB3011IeJI .Baa- JIa, npHHHMaBllIero B mepTBY ,n;eTeH H3paHJIH. B03HHKaeT 3aKOHHhIH Bonpoc: KaKoe OTHOllIeHHe HMeeT HrBe K tPOpMHpOBaHH!O 06pa3a HallIeH ceBepHOH Ba6hI- firH? CaMoe Henocpe,n;CTBeHHoe. 06pa3 .HrH, BepoHTHo, qa- CTHtIHO cpOpMHpOBaJICH B C03HaHHH !OmHhIX CJIaBHH BO Bpe- MeHa rocy,n;apcTBa KHMMepHHcKHX aMa30HOK H Xa3apcKo- u ro KaraHaTa Ha !OmHopyccKOH rpaHHe. CypOBhIH Hy,n;eHcKHH 60r xa3ap .HxBe Tpe6oB8JI qaCThIX u mepTB, KOTophIe He MOrJIH COCTaBJIHTh TaHHhI ,n;JI.R conpe,n;eJIh- HbIX C Xa3apaMH CJIaBHH. BhIHym,n;eHHhIe KOHTaKTbI H coce,n;- CTBO PYCH C XaaapHeH, HcnOBe,n;OBaBllIeH Hy,n;a.H3M, a BnOCJIe,n;- CTBHH 6H6JIeHCKHe npe,n;aHHH, He MOrJIH He H8JIO.mHTb OTne- qaTKa Ha YCTHoe Hapo,n;Hoe TBOpqeCTBO PYCCOB B BH,n;e CKa30K o Hre - KOCTHHOH Hore. BnpOqeM, He TOJI:bKO Ha PYCCKoe. 
i 122 B OCTH:U;KOH 6bIJIHHe 0 60raTbIpHX ropoa 8Mepa yrro- MHHaeTCH 60raTbIpb Hr: If CTpeJI BopeH He CTpamaCb, Ha MeCTe paHCKOM KpaCOBaJICH TOT ropo.n;oB apbHxcKHX KHH3b. ,n:aJIeKO CJIaBa mJIa 0 CHJIe BoraTbIpeH ero B 60HX, 1f3 nHTepbIx HX caMbIM MaJIbIM BbIJI Ha Horax OJIeHbHX Hr. (ITo 3anHCH C.K.ITaTKaHOBa, y Hra, HJIH Mara, 6bIJIH 6pa- TbH: XycaJIbITeM, pa3po6HBIlIHH oJIro CYllieHoe KOHCKoe 6epo, H pyrHe. ) B 3TOH 6bIJIHHe HMH 60ra TbIpH Hr - co6- CTBeHHoe. B03MomHo, oHa H3 rrpH"tIHH pa3HoHorocTH HrH KpoeT- CH B KOCMOrOHH"tIeCKHX B033peHHHx peBHHx CJIaBHH H CPHH- Ho-yrpoB, BO MHorOM cxomHX. ,z::J:yxoBHaH ceCTpa PYCCKOH HrH IOropCKaH JIeCHaH 6orH- HH, x03HHKa Bcex JIeCHbIX 3BepeH, rrOCbIJIalOm;aH ya"tlY OXOTHHKaM, Tome pa3HOHoraH. B crre:U;HaJIbHOH rreCHe, rrpe- Ha3Ha"tleHHOH KPOBHOMY mepTBorrpHHOllIeHHIO B ee "tIeCTb, OHa orrHCbIBaeTCH TaK: « .. .,z::J:O"tlb JIeCHOrO 6ora, O"tlb JIeCHOrO 6ora, BOT OHa CTO- HT. OHa Hora JIOCHHaH, pyraH "tIeJIOBe"tlbH. - BbI, 3a 3Be- pHMH e3HBIlIHe Boe, B03bMHTe MeHH, KOpOJIeBY JIeCHbIX 3BepeH,H C"tIaCTJIHBaH!» (C006m;HJI M.A. JIoHllIaKoB.) OHa Hora JIOCHHaH, pyraH "tIeJIOBe"tlbH... CeMH3Be3He BoJIbllIaH MeBeH:u;a Ha PYCCKOM CeBepe HOCHJIa Ha3BaHHe JIOCH. Y.zq>eBHHx OXOTHH"tIbHX HapOOB CecTBOBa.rr KYJIbT 
_123 i JIOCH HJIH OJIeHH, BrrOCJIeCTBHH BbITeCHeHHbrH: MeembHM. Mo- .iKeT, OT CeMH 3Be3 JIOCH H rrOIlIJIO B:pIpameHHe « CebMOe He60 » . A.H. AcpaHacbeB, OrrHCbIBaH rrepe.iKHTKH H3bIqeCTBa Ha Pyc- CKOM CeBepe, yrroMHHaeT OJIeHH, KaK peBHee .iKepTBeHHoe .iKHBOTHoe. IIpeaHHH 0 CBHeHHbIX OJIeHHX, BbI6eralOHX H3 JIeca K IJ;epKBH Ha 3aKJIaHHe, THrOTelOT K cpHHHO-yropCKOMY Ce- Bepy H HMelOT IlIHpOKoe pacrrpoCTpaHeHHe B 6bIBllIHX BOJIOro- CKOH, IIepMcKoH H HOBropocKOH ry6epHHHx, re OXOTHHqbH CTMHH X03HHcTBa 3Mep.iKaJIaCb OJIbllIe, qeM Ha 3eMJIeeJIb- qecKOM lOre. MaTepHaJIbI paCKorrOK rrOKa3bIBaIOT, qTO KYJIbT He6ecHbIx OJIeHeH, JIOCeH rrpeCTaBJIHeT C060H rroBceMecTHYlO apXaHqHYIO CTMHlO peJIHrH03HbIX rrpeCT8.BJIeHHH, HO Y 8.BHO rrpHllIeIlIHX K 3eMJIeeJIHIO rrJIeMeH OHa CTepJIaCb, a y He8.B- HHX OXOTHHKOB COXpaHHJIaCb B 60JIbllIeH CTerreHH. B H30- 6pameHHHX TaR Ha3bIBaeMoro rrepMCKoro 3BepHHoro CTHJIH, cyecTBOB8.BllIerO B TeqeHHe rrOqTH Bcero .iKeJIe3HOrO BeKa, rrOqTH O XV CTOJIeTHH, CaMbIM pacrrpOCTpaHeHHbIM ClO.iKeTOM llI8MaHCKHX 6JIHllIeK « 6ecOBCKHX rrpHBecHbIX K03HeH » CJIY.iKaT Hyp, KOpllIyH, MY.iKCKaH cpHrypa B rOJIOBHOM y60pe B BH)J;e MOpbI JIOCH H Be .iKeHCKHe CPHrypbI C rOJIOBaMH JIOCHX H KO- rrbITIJ;8MH Ha Horax HJIH JIOCHHbIMH Hor8MH. jKeHHHbI- JIOCH- XH pacrrOJIO.iKeHbI rro 60KaM 6JIHllIeK T8.KHM 06pa30M, qTO MOp- aMH C03aIOT rrOJIYKpyr, CHMBOJIH3HPYIOHH He6eCHYlO ccpe- py. « IIpHBeCHbIe K03HH » CJIY.iKHJIH rrpHHaJIe.iKHOCTblO OC06bIX, OqeBH)J;HO llI8MaHCKHX, oe.iK, HJIH rrpHHOllIeHHeM 60- mecTBY - « .iKePTBbI » , KOTOpbIe pa3BellIHBaJIHCb OKOJIO KYMHP- HHIJ; H HM HHMH Ha KpoBJIHX. He6ecHaH JIOCHXa po.iKeHHIJ;a 6bIJIa JIH peBHHX CHMBOJIOM BeJIHKOH MaTepH MHpa, aBllIeH mH3Hb BceMY .iKHBOMY Ha 3eMJIe. CHHKpeTHqeCKOe cyecTBo He6ecHaH JIOCHXa - MaTb MHpa, .iKeHHHa Ha JIOCHHbIX Horax, BHHMO, rrpHxoHTCH 
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i 126 B HaqaJIe CeMHHapa HepBHOe OmH,n;aHHe KPHTHKH, JIer- KHH amHOTam H mapKHe CrrOpbI rrpH o6cym,n;eHHH PYKOrrH- CeH ee KaK-TO COrpeBaJIH H CeMHHapHCTOB, H PYKOBO,n;HTe- JIeH CeMHHapa - YBamaeMbIX KOpHcpeeB rrepa B OCTbIBalO- HX Koprrycax, HO HOqblO, KOr,n;a Ha,n; BepXYIliKaMH COCeH HpKO BCrrbIXHYJIO HCKpaMH He60, a Ha,n; TPy60H KOTeJIbHOH, Hao6opOT, Bce rrorrpHTYXJIO, rreperopeBIlIHe 3a ,n;eHb ,n;YIlIH H TeJIa 3arrpOCHJIH TerrJIa. CHpOTCKHe rrHOHepCKHe o,n;eHJIa H BCH Mo6HJIH30BaHHaH o,n;emOHKa OKa3aJIHCb CJIa60H 3aHToii OT BcerrpOHHKalO- eH cTymH, H, rrOTepHB Ha,n;em,n;y Ha COH, 3aMep3alOHe JIHTepaTopbI BCrrOMHHJIH rrOCJIe,n;Hee H XOpOIliO HcrrbITaHHoe cpe,n;CTBO ,n;JIH caMopa30rpeBa - qaH. B03JIe o,n;Horo H3 qaii- HHKOB C06paJIHCb rrorpeTbCH ceBepHHe: H3BeCTHbIH rrHca- TeJIb EpeMeH AHrrHH, ero 3eMJIHK, ,n;HpeKTOp Y rYTCKoro Kpa- eBe,n;qeCKOrO MY3eH ITeTp BaXJIbIKOB, rrOTOMCTBeHHaH Ka- 3bIMCKaH KHHmHa KaTepHHa MOJI,n;aHOBa, HaqHHalOHH rr03T, HO BrrOJIHe rrpocpeCCHOHaJIbHbIH OXOTHHK, HMeHH KO- Toporo, KalOCb, He 3arrOMHHJI... HOqHOe 6,n;eHHe H qaerrHTHe pacrrOJIaralOT K pa3rOBOpy, a 0 qeM MomeT H,n;TH peqb Y 3eMJIHKOB-CeBepHH, co6paBIlIHX- CH 3a O,n;HHM CTOJIOM, KaK He 0 TpeBorax 3a YXo,n;HYlO rro,n; HaTHCKOM rrpHllIeJIbn;eB rrepB03,n;aHHOCTb ceBepHbIX KYJIb- TypbI H rrpHpo,n;bI, rrp06JIeMaX H3bIKa H caMOC03HaHHH KO- peHHoro HaCeJIeHHH, rro,n;pbIBa 3KOHOMHqeCKHX OCHOB HX mH3HH. 3allIJIa peqb H 0 JIHTepaTypHbIX HCKaHHHX H 3aMbIC- JIax.ll Tor,n;a H BCTyrrHJI B 6ece,n;y. XOTH HToraMH ceMHHapa H Mor 6bI H y,n;OBJIeTBOpHTbCH - MOH OqepK 0 pO,n;OCJIOBHOii Ba6bI-HrH 6bIJI oTo6paH ,n;JIH rry6JIHKan;HH B « YpaJIbCKOM CJIe,n;orrbITe», HO rrpHBbI'tIKa 06KaTbIBaTb rHrrOTe3Y Ha CJIY- 
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i 128 Hra B CKa3Ke COXp8.HSleT BJIaCTb H mHBOTHbIMH H H mH3- u u u HblO H CMepTblO qeJIOBeKa H 3TOH CBOeH qepTOH HanOMHHaeT peBHeHp8.HCKOrO :AHMY, X03HHHa BYHOrHX H qeTBepOHO- rHX H BYT-HMH, HJIH 30JIOTYIO Ba6y, KOTOpaH, KaK H Hra, HMeJIa BYX MeHbllIHX CeCTep - Cepe6pHHYIO H K8.MeHHYIO. BOT KaK paccKa3bIBaJI MaHCH CaBBa 0 Cepe6pHHOH: (c.. .ITo 30JIOTOH Ba6e ee JIHJIH B cTapoe BpeMH. ITOJIOmHJIH TY B neCOK C rJIHHoH. 3aKOnaJIH. PaCTOnHJIH KOBllI cepe6pa H BbIJIHJIH. H TaK 06eJIaJIH. BOT OHa H mHBeT... OHa nOMO- raeT CHJIbHO 6a6aM: Y Hac pe6HT MaJIO, Hapo BbIMHpaeT, BOT K HeH 3a pe6HTHllIK8.MH H XOHT MymHKH H mepTBYIOT... H npOMbICJIaM Tome nOMoraeT...» COBna.,n;eHHe CPYHKD:HO- HaJIbHbIX xapaKTepHCTHK OXOTHHqberO HOJIa 30JIOTOH (ce- pe6pHHOH) Ba6bI H Ba6bI-HrH BeeT CBoe npOHcxomeHHe H3 OXOTHHqberO nepHoa pa3BHTHH qeJIOBeqeCTBa H B H3Be- CTHOH Mepe CBH3aHO C 06pHOM HHHD:HRIJ:HH, coxpaHHBllIHM- u CH,l].O HallIHX HeH Y OXOTHHqbHX HapOOB H nJIeMeH. HHHD:HaD:HIO - 06pH nOCBHeHHH B OXOTHHKH - H3- HaqaJIbHO npOBOHJIa meHHHa-llIaMaHKa, JIHllIb C Teqe- HHeM BeKOB CMeHeHHaH 3aKJIHHaTeJIeM-MymqHHOH. 06pH HHHD:HaD:HH COCTOHJI H3 cBoeo6pa3Horo npaKTH"tIeCKOrO HC- nbITaHHH 6yyero OXOTHHKa H npOBepKH npHo6peTeHHbIX HM HaBbIKOB. ,n:JIH 3Toro IOHOllIY H3rOHHJIH Ha onpe,n;eJIeH- HbIH CpOK H3 rrJIeMeHH B JIec, npeOCTaBJIHH eMY B03Mom- HOCTb BbImHTb H npOKopMHTb ce6H caMOCTOHTeJIbHO, qTO- 6bI ,lJ;OKa3aTb CBoe B3pOCJIeHHe. E,lJ;Ba JIH He caMOH BamHOH qaCTblO 3Toro pHTyaJIa HBJIHJIOCb npe,n;BapHTeJIbHOe 3arry- rHBaHHe IOHOllieH HMHTaD:HeH CMepTH. 3,n;eCb BamHeHiliaH pOJIb OTBO,lJ;HJIaCb llIaMaHaM-H,lJ;OJI8.M - BJIaCTHTeJI.HM OXOT- HHqberO npOMbICJIa. 
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i 130 Ha O,n;HOH H3 llIaMaHCKHX rrJIaCTHH 60rHHH HaxO,n;HTCH B oKpymeHHH ce6e rrO,n;06HbIX, HO C JIOCHHbIMH HOraMH. Ha,n;py- rHX ee oKpym81OT 3MeH, OpJIbI, mypaBJIH, COBbI, BOJIKH, KOHH, JIOCH H ,n;a.me MH<plNeCKOe ,n;ByrJIaBOe mHBOTHOe. illaMaHCKHe rrJIaCTHHbI H 30JIOTaH Ba6a He TOJIbKO reorpa<pHqeCKH HMe10T 06ee rrpOHcxom,n;eHHe, HO H HeJIeHbI CXO,n;HbIMH <PYHKHH- MH H CHMBOJIHKOH, YHaCJIe,n;OBaHHbIMH OT HHX HrOH. HaH60JIee qaCTO BCTpeqaeMbIH H306pa3HTeJIbHbIH MO- THB Ha «rrpHBeCHbIX K03HHX» H B ,n;pyrHx H306pameHHHX BeJIHKOH MaTepH - JIOCH HJIH OJIeHH, mHBOTHbIe HaH60JIee ,n;pyrHx rrOqHTaBllIHeCH B OXOTHHqbeM rrepHo,n;e qeJIOBeqe- CTBa. 8TO yme rrOTOM, C rrOHBJIeHHeM 3eMJIe,n;eJIHH H 3eMJIe- ,n;eJIbqeCKOH peJIHrHH, 6bIBllIHe JIeCHbIe 60rH rrpeBpaTHJIHCb B HeqHCTY10 CHJIY, a MaTb H X03HHKa 3BepeH - B Be,n;bMY Hry. Y OXOTHHqbHX Hapo,n;OB CH6HpH 3TOT rrpoecc 38.,l1;ep- m8JICH, 6JIaro,n;apH eMY MbI H HMeeM B03MomHOCTb paCCMOT- peTb O,n;HY H3 xapaKTepHbIX qepT BCeJIeHCKOH Be,n;bMbI. KYJIbT rrOqHTaHHH OJIeHH H rrepMCKHH 3BepHHbIH CTHJIb YBO- ,n;HT Hac B aHTHqHOCTb, B ,n:peBH101O 8JIJIa,n;y, K rHrrep60peH- Ke rro pom,n;eHH1O, rrpeKpaCHOH OXOTHHe, rrOCTOHHHO corrpo- Bom,n;aeMOH OJIeHeM, ApTeMH,n;e, HJIH ,n:HaHe. MHorHe HH,n;oeBporreHCKHe Hapo,n;bI QeHTpaJIbHOH H Bo- CTOqHOH EBporrbI rrOqHTaJIH B ,n;peBHOCTH ,n;BYX 60rHHb-po- jKeHH, H3 KOTOpbIX CTapllIaH - MaTb - HMeHOBaJIaCb JIaTo, HJIH JIa,n;a, a HMH MJI8.,lI;llIeH BapbHpOBaJIOCb: y rrpac- JIaBHH 3TO 6bIJIa JIeJIb, JIHJIH, JIHJIH, Y rpeKOB - ApTeMH- ,n;a, coxpaHHBllIaH MHoro qepT apXaHqHOH OXOTHHqbeH 60- rHHH ceBepHH. BepoHTHo, ApTeMH,n;a rrorr8JIa B rraHTeOH rpe- qeCKHX 60roB OT coce,n;eH-BapBapoB H rro,n; B03,n;eHcTBHeM 3JIJIHHCKOH KYJIbTYPbI H3MeHHJIa 06JIHqbe. Bo BCHKOM CJIY- 
131 i qae, rro MH<paM, MaTb ,n;BYX 6JIH3HeOB ApTeMH,n;bI H ArroJI- JIOHa rrpH6bIJIa Ha rpeqeCKHH OCTpOB ,n:eJIOC H3 CTpaHbI rH- rrep60peeB. A rrOTOMY ee ,n;Oqb - OXOTHHa ApTeMH,n;a - rrpOqHO CBH3aHa C 06pa30M OJIeHH HJIH JIaHH, a B rr03,n;HeH- llIee BpeMH - C Me,n;Be,n;eM. 06HH 3aKOH 3BOJIlOHH OXOT- HHqbHX KYJIbTOB o,n;HHaKOB qTO ,n;JIH aHTHqHOH ApTeMH,n;bI, qTO ,n;JIH cpe,n;HeBeKoBoH HOMaJIbI, qTO ,n;JIH CopHH-HaH. B KJIaCCHqeCKOe BpeMH ApTeMH,n;a CTaHOBHTCH 60rHHeH OXOTbI H rrJIo,n;opo,n;HH. EH, rro BceH BepOHTHOCTH, rrpHHOCH- JIH qeJIOBeqeCKHe mepTBbI. 3arrHcaHHbIH repo,n;oToM MH<p rroBecTByeT, qTO rHrrep60peHbI H3,n;aBHa rrOCbIJIaJIH Ha ,n:e- JIOC CBHeHHbIe rrOCOJIbCTBa, B03rJIaBJIHeMbIe ,n;eBYllIKaMH, 3apaHee rrpe,n;Ha3HaqeHHbIMH B mepTBY. ApTeMH,n;y, KpOMe Toro (KaK 30JI01)71O H Cepe6pHHYlO Ba6 yrpoB), CqHTaJIH rroMoHHeH rrpH po,n;ax. B OCHOBe MH<pOB o JIaTo H ApTeMH,n;e, MaTepH H ,n;OqepH, reorpa<pHqeCKH CBH- 3aHHbIX C CeBepOM, a TeMaTHqeCKH - C OXOTOH H 3BepHHbIM MHpOM, BepOHTHO, JIemHT BeCbMa ,n;peBHee rrpe,n;CTaBeJIHHe ceBepHbIX Hapo,n;OB 0 ,n;BYX He6eCHbIX 60rHHHx-pomeHHax, ,n;03eMJIe,n;eJIbqeCKOrO rrepHo,n;a, Kor,n;a OHH BbIcTyrraJIH ee B CBoeM rrOJIY3BepHHOM-rrOJIymeHcKoM 06JIHqbe.I1MeHHo Ta- KHMH MbI HX BH,n;HM Ha qep,n;bIHCKHX 6JIHllIKaX H ,n;PyrHx PH- cpeHCKHX H306pameHHHX. 113BeCTHbIH ,n;opeBOJIlOHOHHbIH yqeHbIH-3THorpa<p H.C. Tpy6eKoH B HayqHOM HCCJIe,n;OBaHHH <cK Borrpocy 0 30JIOTOH Ba6e» rrpHxo,n;HT K 3aKJIlOqeHHlO 0 BepOHTHOH H,n;eH- THqHOCTH KYJIbTOBbIX IIOHHTHH H H306pameHHH ApTeMH- AbI H 30JIOTOH Ba6bI H HX 06eM rrpOHcxom,n;eHHH. O,n;HaKO Ha MOMeHT HCCJIe,n;OBaHHH MaTepH8JIbHbIX rro,n;TBepm,n;eHHH BbICKa3aHHOH HM rHrrOTe3bI 6bIJIO KpaHHe He,n;OCTaTOqHO. 
i 132 II BOT CpaBHHTeJIbHO HeaBHO IIpeIIOJIOmeHHe Tpy6eKo- ro 0 CeBepHOH IIpapOHHe ApTeMHbI HallIJIO IIOTBepme- HHe Ha BOJIOrO1IHHe, re OTbICKaJIOCb ee KYJIbTOBOe MeCTO. MHcpbI OHeCJIH O HaC paCIIpOCTp8.HeHHOe OIIHcaHHe 60- u rHHH-OXOTHHbI: B JIerKOH HaKHKe, C JIYKOM H CTpeJIaMH. TaKoH OHa H306pameHa H Ha .H3bI1IeCKOM aJITape, He,n;aBHO HaHeHHOM B TapHorCKOM paHoHe BOJIOrOCKOH 06JIaCTH, He- aJIeKO OT peKH KOKllIeHbrH. Ha KaMeHHOM BarrYHe ApTeMH- a H306pameHa BepXOM Ha OJIeHe, a C He6a Ha BCHHY JIbeT- Cs.I 3Be3HbIH CBeT. Ha PyroH rpaHH BarrYHa - H306pameHHe 60rHHH 3apH. Ps.IOM C HeH - 60meCTBO B IIbIIliHOM y60pe Ha rOJIOBe H C IIo06HeM TOIIopa B PYKe. ApxeoJIor H. HHKHTCKHH C1IHTaeT, 1ITO 3TO, CKopee Bcero, BepxoBHbIH 60r, He1lTO Bpoe peBHecJIaBs.IHCKOrO IIepYHa HJIH yropcKoro HYMH TopbIMa. IIpe,n;cTaBJIeHHs.I 0 MHp03aHHH, oT06pameHHbIe Ha BarrYHe, H8.BOs.IT Ha MbICJIb 0 IIpHHJIemHOCTH KaIIHa <pHHHoyrop- CKHM HapOaM. Ha IIo06HOH aJITaplO IIJIHTe COXpaHHJIHCb CJIebI yrJIs.I, MHomeCTBO Hor BbITOIITaJIO IIJIOa,n;KY IIepe CBs.ITHJIHm;eM, MHomeCTBO rOJIOB CKJIOHs.IJIOCb IIepe JIHKOM 60rHHH, MHomeCTBO MbICJIeH H s.IpKHX accoHaHH 3apo,n;HJI Y II01lHTaTeJIeH ee He06bIKHoBeHHbIH 06pa3. PaCTeKas.ICb OT MeCTa IIOKJIOHeHHs.I IIO BceMY CBeTY, pa3- HOCHJIH IIaJIOMHHKH MH<pbI, JIereHbI H CKa3bI 0 es.IHHs.IX JIeCHOH 60rHHH :A:OMbI, pOHOH ceCTpbI ApTeMHbI, 30JIO- TOH Ba6bI H HrH. . . C06paHHbIe HaMH IIO KpoxaM s.IBHbIe H KOCBeHHbIe YJIH- KH IIO eJIY HrH II03BOJIs.IIOT CeJIaTb IIpe,n;BapHTeJIbHbIH BbIBO, 1ITO BCs.I HHoeBpoIIeHCKas.I KYJIbTypa H B oc06eHHo- CTH IIpeCTaBJIeHHs.I HapOOB ypaJIbCKOrO Kpyra H <pHHHO- yropcKHe MH<pOJIOreMbI OKa3aJIH cym;ecTBeHHoe BJIHs.IHHe Ha 
133 t KYJIhTYPY CeBepHH H HalliJIH OTpameHHe B HX HapO,l];HOM TBOpqeCTBe. 'tITO MhI H npOHJIJIIOCTpHpOBaJIH Ha npHMepe CKR30K C yqaCTHeM Ba6hI-HrH. BOHCTHHY HeT nperpa.n; ,l];JIs.I CKa3KH! CeBep H lOr, Boc- TOK H 3arra,l];, pa3HhIe HapO,l];hI ,l];aJIeKHX ,l];Pyr OT ,l];pyra CTpaH H 3nox npHHHMaJIH yqaCTHe B C03,l];aHHH HeOp,l];HHapHOro cpOJIhKJIOpHOrO o6pa3a BeqHO MOJIO,l];OR CTapYlliKH HrH. MbI Mo.meM JIHIlIh B 06HX 'tIepTaX npe,l];nOJIaraTh, KaK C03,l];a- BaJIHCh CKa3KH 0 HeR, Be,l];h MHorHe BeKa MHHYJIH. B Ham BeK HayqHOH cpaHTaCTHKH CTaJIH 3a6hIBaThCR CTaphIe CKa3KH. He 3a6bITh 6hI HaCOBceM, Be,l];h: <cKam.n;as.I H3 HHX - n03Ma». BepCTa '1eThlpHu:aTa.JI XpaHHTeJIL 30JlOTOH Ba6LI BJIa,z:(eTeJIb ynOMHH-yTOH CTpaHbI nO,z:(apHJI E.n;HreK> ,z:(BYX ,z:(HKHX JIIO- u ,z:(eH - MymqHHY H meHHHY... TeJIo me Y HHX, aa HCKJIlOqeHHeM PYK H JIHa, nOKpbITO BOJIOCaMH; no.n;o6Ho ,z:(pyrHM mHBOTHbIM OHH CKHTalOTCH no rope. .. H. ill uJLbm6epzep. II ymewecm8ue H 8aHa illUJlbm6epzepa no Eepone,A3uu U ArjJpuKe. XV 8. <cKam.n;as.I H3 HHX - n03Ma». 3aBepIIlHB CBOH paCCKa3 KpacHBoH rrYIIlKHHcKOH CTpOKOH, 51 oT6poCHJI rrepo H o6JIer- qeHHO B3.n;OXHYJI: Bce, HaKOHe-TO C Ba6oii-HroH H C 30JIO- TOH Ba60H HaBcer.n;a rrOKOHtleHO. BOJIhIIle 51 Ha 3TY TeMY He rrHlUY H KHHr H3 6H6JIHOTeK He BhIrrHCbIBalO. MO:>KHO H OT- 
i 134 OXHYTb Ha rrpHpo,n;e, He OT,n;aBaH OTrrYCKa qHTaJIbHbIM 3a- JIaM. He ycrreJI H pa3MeqTaTbCH 0 peKe H pbI6aJIKe, KaK MOH KpaTKOBpeMeHHbIH rrOKOH rrOTpeBOmHJIH ,n;Ba MOJIO,n;bIX qe- JIOBeKa, Ha3BaBllIHeCH cTy,n;eHTaMH HCTOpHqeCKOrO cpaKYJIb- TeTa YHHBepCHTeTa. - 8TO He BbI rrHCaJIH B ra3eTe 0 30JIOTOH Ba6e H Ba6e- .Hre? - 6e3 JIHIlIHHX rrpe,n;HCJIOBHH CrrpOCHJIH OHH rrpHMO C nopora.IIpHIlIJIOCb rrpH3HaTbCH, qTO ,n;a, ,n;eHCTBHTeJIbHO H ony6JIHKOBaJI B HeCKOJIbKHX ra3eTax rrHTb HJIH llIeCTb CTa- TeH rro HCTOpHH HrH H CopHH-HaH. He 3Ha1O rrOqeMY, HO H ,n;ame IIOrrbITaJICH orrpaB,n;aTbCH nepe,n; caMOYBepeHHbIMH pe6HTaMH, qTO rrHCaJI H He KOpbIC- TH pH, a e,n;HHCTBeHHO C eJIb1O rrpOBepKH CBOHX rHrrOTe3, B Hem,n;e HaiiTH cepbe3HbIX orrrrOHeHTOB, H B rrepByK> Oqepe,n;b y HHX B YHHBepCHTeTe, ,n;a qTO-TO TaKHX rrOKa He CbICKaJIOCb. - BH,n;HMO, BbI, pe6HTa, npHIlIJIH KaK pa3 C STOH e- JIb1O? - rroHHTepeCOBaJICH H. - He cOBceM, - CJIYKaBHJIH cTy,n;eHTbI, - cKopee ,n;ame Ha060pOT. IIocJIe BallIHX cTaTeH 0 (C3aTepHHHOM H,n;OJIe» MbI Ha cpaKYJIbTeTe 3aHHJIHCb rrapaJIJIeJIbHbIM paCCJIe,n;oBaHHeM rro,n; PYKOBO,n;CTBOM Halliero ,n;oeHTa H pe3YJIbTaTbI IIOJIyqH- JIH cxomHe. IIpaB,n;a, CKa3KaMH MbI He 3aHHMaJIHCb: STO ,n;eJIO cpOJIbKJIOpHCTOB-cpHJIOJIOrOB, HO 3aTO OTbICKaJIH O,n;HY H3 30- JIOTbIX Ba6, KaK pa3 Ha KOH,n;e, r,n;e H BbI HCKaJIH... - KaK?! - H3YMHJICH H. - He MomeT 6bITb! - Ew;e KaK MomeT, - YCMeXHYJICH TOT, qTO rrOBbIllIe, OTKpbIBaH KeHC. - IIoJI106YHTecb Ha CB010 30JIOTY1O... C TeMHOH JI106HTeJIbCKOH cpoTorpacpHH Ha MeHH rJIHHY- JIO 6eccpopMeHHoe JIHO KaMeHHoro H,n;OJIa. TpeyrOJIbHaH, rrJIOXO 06TecaHHaH rOJIOBa Ha 6e306pa3HoH cpOpMbI TYJIO- 
135 i BHe H3 rrOqTH He 06pa60TaHHoro KaMHH, CJIa6bI:H HaMeK HapYKH, Hor HeT COBceM. - A H,l];OJI JIH 3TO? - YCOMHHJICH H. - Be3 BCHKoro COMHeHHH, - YBepHJIH MeHH CTY,l];eH- TbI. - PH,l];OM CJIe,l];bI PHTYaJIbHOrO KOCTpa, OCTaTKH mepT- BorrpHHollIeHHH, KOCTH. HalliJIaCb Me,l];HaH rrJIaCTHHKa C llIaMaHCKOH HrH, 6YCbI, KOJIOKOJIbqHKH. A rOJIOBa Y H,l];OJIa rrpHCTaBHaH: H3 MarHHTHoro meJIe3HHKa HJIH MeTeopHTHO- ro meJIe3a - KOMrrac Ha Hee pearHpyeT. MHe CTaJIO 06H,l];HO 3a JIereH,l];apHY1O KpacaBHY COPHH- HaH, H H rrorrp060BaJI YCOMHHTbCH: - BbI YTBepm,l];aeTe, qTO 3TOT 60JIBaH H eCTb 3HaMeHH- TaH Ha BeCb MHp 30JIOTaH Ba6a? - ,IJ:a He TOJIbKO MbI TaK CqHTaeM, HO H Ham: ,l];oeHT Tome. IIpHJIaraTeJIbHoe «30JIOTaH» He 03HaqaeT, qTO H,l];OJI H3ro- TOBJIeH H3 30JIOTa, - OHO HMeeT CMbICJI rrepeHOCHbIH, YKa- 3bIBa1OHH Ha eHHOCTb rrpHKJIMa, T. e. rrpHHOllIeHHH. Ee H.C. Tpy6eKoH rrpe,l];rrOJIOmHJI, qTO 30JIOTaH Ba6a rrOHBH- JIaCb B PYCCKHX H 3arrMHoeBporreHCKHX COqHHeHHHX XV - XVI BeKOB B pe3YJIbTaTe He,l];opa3YMeHHH: O,l];HH H3 3rrHTe- TOB 06cKo-yropcKoH BepxoBHoH 60rHHH KaJITaCb - COPHH- HaM (30JIOTaH meHHHa) 6bIJI BocrrpHHHT KaK 6YKBaJIbHOe CBH,l];eTeJIbCTBO cyecTBoBaHHH peaJIbHOrO H,l];OJIa H3 30JIO- Ta. II rro-TaTapcKH «aJITbIH» 3HaqHT He TOJIbKO 30JIOTOH, HO H ,l];OpOrOH, ,l];parOeHHbIH. MomeT, 3TO HMH Bcero JIHllIb HeBepHbIM rrepeBOA, - Harrepe60M 3aTapaTOpHJIH pe6SI- Ta. - BaM He rrpHXO,l];HJIOCb CJIbIlliaTb, KaK B caMOM HaqaJIe llIeCTH,l];eHTbIX rO,l];OB He,l];aJIeKO OT rrOCeJIKa IOHJIbCK, qTO Ha peKe Ka3bIM, HalliJIH KYJIbTOBYIO H36YIlIKY, B KOTOpOM, KpO- Me ,l];epeBHHHbIX HOJIOB H llIaMaHCKHX rrpHHJIemHOCTeH, 
i 1 3 6 XpaHHJIOCh 60JIhllIOe KOJIHtleCTBO :u;eHHOCTeH, rrpHHeCeHHhIX r JIaBHOH Ka3hIMCKOH 60rHHe BYT- HMH? H 06 3TOM KarrHw;e He CJIhIIlI8.JI, tleM H rrOCrrellIHJI 06pa- OBaTh pe6HT. OHH KaK 6YTO Toro H m8.JIH H B3aXJIe6 rrpo- OJImHJIH: - IIepe HOJIaMH 6hIJIH paCCTaBJIeHhI 60raTO YKpallIeH- HhIe COCYhI H 6JIIOa, pa3BellIaHhI oemhI H3 rraptlH H O- porHX BOCTOtlHhIX llIeJIKOB. PYCCKoe CTOJIOBOe cepe6po H xpaMOBaH rrocya coceCTBOBaJIH C HpaHCKHMH qallIaMH. B CYHYKax OKa3aJIHCh ThICHtlH cepe6pHHhIX MOHeT, MHO- meCTBO 30JIOThIX H HeCKOJIhKO :u;eHTHepOB MeHhIX. A :u;ap- CKHe aCCHrHaHH Bo06w;e XpaHHJIHCh rraqKaMH. HeapoM OHO H3 ceMH TaHHhIX HMeH BeJIHKOH Ka3hIMCKOH 60rHHH - 30JIOTOH Halli KaMeHh. 30JIOTOH KaMeHh CJIeyeT rrOHHMaTh KaK paro:u;eHHhI:H KaMeHh. A CJIOBO «KaMeHh» YKa3hIBaeT Ha MaTepHaJI, H3 KOToporo H3rOTOBJIeH KYMHp. KCTaTH, caMY 60rHHIO B03JIe H36YllIKH He HaIliJIH. Ee K TOMY BpeMe- HH yme rrepeHeCJIH Ha KOHY... - A Ha KOHe 3TY Ba6y re H KaK HaIliJIH? - rrOCTapaJI- CH YTOtlHHTh H. - CJIyqaHHo. SJIeKTpOMoHTamHHKH THHYJIH JISII, rrpo- Py6HJIH rrpoceKY, H KTO-TO C BepXYIliKH orrophI YBHeJI rro- JIHHY H HOJIa. B3HJIH a3HMYT H BhIIliJIH K CBHTHJIHW;Y. OHO yme aBHO 3a6pomeHHoe 6hIJIO. TaM HerrOaJIeKY peqKa XOH H rrOCeJIOK HlOpKOH - rrOHCHHJIH cTyeHThI. «HaIliJIH TY caMYIO, 0 KOTOpOH MHe CyprYtleB rOBOpHJI, tlTO OHa qJ8.JIhIlIHBaSl», - ora.n;8.JICSI SI, HO rrpOMOJItlaJI, qTO- 6hI He OrOpqHTh CHMrraTHtlHhIX pe6S1T, rrocrrellIHBIIIHX rro- eJIHThCSI co MHOH CBoeH yatleH. CJIeOBaJIO qTO-TO CKa- 3aTh, H SI JISI rrpHJIHqHSI rrOHHTepeCOBaJICSI: 
137 i - t.{eM me BbI aJIbllIe c06HpaeTeCb 3aHHMaTbCH, Beb H TaK nOJIaralO, 'tITO C 30JIOTOH 60PHHeH Y Bac nOKOH'tIeHO. - eJIO Bcera HaHeTCH, noeeM CHemHoro 'tIeJIOBeKa HCKaTb. 0 rOMHHOHe CJIbIllIaJIH? KaK M'He 6bIJIO He CJIbIlliaTb, eCJIH nOCJIe MHOrOJIeTHe- ro 3aTHllIbH Bce eHTpaJIbHbIe ra3eTbI, KaK crOBopHB- IlIHCb, B3aXJIe6 3arOBOpHJIH 0 peJIHKTOBOM 'tIeJIOBeKOno- 06HOM 'tIYOBHe, nOHBHBllIeMCH OHOBpeMeHO Ha IlIH- pOKHX npOCTopax OT KaBKa3a O t.{YKOTKH. BpeMeHaMH ero BCTpe'tlaJIH B ropHbIX paiioHax AJITaH, IIaMHpa H MOHrOJIHH, B rHMaJIaHX, B aJIeKOM IIepy. B AHax rpyn- na <ppaHY3cKHX aJIbnHHHCTOB 06HapymHJIa HeH3BeCTHoe u cyecTBo, nOKpbIToe rYCTOH llIepCTbK>, 3a HCKJIK>'tIeHH- eM JIHa H JIaOHeH. AMepHKaHaM nOBe3JIO ame 3ac- HHTb HeCKOJIbKO COT MeTpOB JIK>6HTeJIbCKOrO KHH0<pHJIb- Ma 0 pyroM rOMHHOHe, HO yme B JIecax KaHabI. Ho Bce 3TH BCTpeQH TaM re-TO aJIeKO, a He y Hac. IIoTOMY H H He npeMHHYJI cnpOCHTb: - Ha IIaMHp c06HpaeTeCb? - IIo'tleMY Ha IIaMHp? - yHBHJIHCb pe6HTa. - Bce aHHbIe 3a TO, 'tITO apeaJI 06HTaHHH peJIHKTOBOro rOMHHOH- u u a HJIH, KaK ero ee Ha3bIBaIOT, HeTH - «CHemHbIH 'tIeJIO- BeK » , HaXOHTCH II06JIH30CTH OT Y paJIbCKOrO xpe6Ta, OKO- JIO 60-H napaJIJIeJIH H, BepOJITHee Bcero, Ha KOHe. - OnHTb-TaKH Ha KOHe? - yHBHJICH Tenepb yme H. - Ha KOHe, - IIOTBepHJIH cTyeHTbI. - A BbI pa3- Be OJIbry TanHT B « YpaJIbCKOM CJIeOIIbITe» He qHTaJIH? O'tlepK Ha3bIBaeTCH «KOMIIOJIeH » . KOMnOJIeH, KOMnOJIeH, - r.n;e-TO H yme 3TO CJIbIllIaJI. KameTCH, reHH8.,lJ;HH C030HOB Ha Be'tlepe CKa3KH paccKa3bIBaJI. A 'tITO TaM HaIIHCaJIa OJIbra? 
i 138 C OJIbrOH KOIliMaHOBOH (TarrHT), HaqHHalOeH MaHCHH- CKOH rrHCaTeJIbHHeH, H rr03HaKOMHJICH Ha JIHTepaTypHOM CeMHHape ,n;JIH MOJIO,n;bIX JIHTepaTOpOB. 51 He yrrYCTHJI CJIY- qaH rrpOBepHTb CBOH coo6pameHHH rro rrOBO,n;y 30JIOTOH Ba6bI H rro,n;eJIHJICH C HeH HHcpopMaHeH. OJIbra TeprreJIHBO BbICJIYllIaJIa MOH ,n;JIHHHeHIlIHe paccym,n;eHHH rro rrOBO,n;y PO- ,n;OCJIOBHOH HrH H, BorrpeKH MOHM omH,n;aHHHM, rrOqTH HH B qeM He B03pa3HJIa. - 51 H3yqaJIa 3TY TeMY rro cpOJIbKJIOPy KOH,n;HHCKHX MaH- CH, - CKa3aJIa TarrHT. - lIo ,n;aHHbIM JIereH,n; H rrpe,n;aHHH, 30JIOTaH 60rHHH TaHTCH B rJIYXHX MeCTax y KOH,n;bI. Y Hee TPH xpaHHTeJIH: BO,n;HHOH, 3MeH H JIeCHOH MymHK - KOM- rrOJIeH. XOqy rrOHCKaTb C HHM BCTpeqH B TaHre. lIo-MaHcHH- CKH «KOM» HJIH «XYM» - MymqHHa; KOMrrOJIeH HJIH XYMrro- JIeH - JIeCHOH qeJIOBeK. YBepHIOT, qTO OH peaJIbHO cye- cTByeT, H B 3TOM He COMHeBalOCb H MeqTalO 0 BCTpeqe.. . BCrrOMHHJICH C06PHH, rrporraBllIaH co6aKa, ero HerrOHHT- Hoe BOJIHeHHe H OTKa3 OT rrOHCKOB 30JIOTOH Ba6bI: «TaHra 3HaK ,n;aeT». Ee rrpHrrOMHHJIOCb: «B Ke,n;pOBbIX JIecax JIH- BaHa mHJI CTpallIHbIH XYM6a6a». MomeT, B JIecax YpaJIa? PaCIIpoaBIlIHCb co cTy,n;eHTaMH H rrOmeJIaB HM ycrrexa, CPOqHO pa3bICKHBalO « YpaJIbCKHH CJIe,n;orrbIT» 3a 1986 ro,n; C rry6JIHKaHeH OJIbrH TarrHT H qHTalO: «MaHcH POMaH HKOBJIeBHq -qeK8.HOB rrOMHHT paCCKa3 OTa. "BbIJIO 3TO rrpH- MepHO B 1939 ro,n;y, MbI Tor,n;a Ha I1HraTbe mHJIH. E,n;eT OTe Ha MaJIeHbKOH JIo,n;Ke-,n;oJI6JIeHKe H B,n;pyr CJIbIIlIHT KPHK, ropTaHHbIH, CHJIbHbIH. HHKTO TaR H3 H3BeCTHbIX eMY 3Be- peH - a OTe OXOTHHK, BbIpOC B TaHre - He peBeT H He KPH- qHT. lIoTOM BH,n;HT: H3 6epe3HHKa B rroHMe peqKH BbIllIeJI rpoMHH MymHK H rrOllIeJI rro 6epery. OTe Ha JIo,n;Ke e,n;eT, 
139 i MymHK rro 6epery H,n;eT... TaK H rrpomeJI C HHM MeTpOB ,n;BM- aTb. II BTopaH BCTpeqa 6bIJIa y. CeMeHa "IJeKaHoBa C KOM- rrOJIeHOM B 1952 ro,n;y. 06 3TOM 3HaJIa BCH ,n;epeBHH, H ceH- qac ee rro,n;p06HO rrOMHHT MaHCH r .A. TaHJIaKoB. "IJ T06bI co- KpaTHTb rrYTb, MeCTHble mHTeJIH Koe-r,n;e Ha peqKe Tarr rrOJIb30BaJIHCb rrepeTaCKaMH: rrepeTaaT JIO,n;KY C Mblca Ha MbIC H cpemYT rrHTb, a TO H Bce ,n;eCHTb KHJIOMeTpOB. Ha o,n;- HOM H3 rrepe'raCKOB BCTpeTHJICH CeMeHY HKOBJIeBHqy KOM- rrOJIeH. Ha 3TOT pa3 OH pellIHJI rrOHrpaTb C qeJIOBeKOM HJIH rroHMaTb ero. CeMeH, KaK YBH,n;eJI, rro,n; CBaJIeHHOe ,n;epeBO 3aJIe3, CTBOJI ,n;epeBa Ha TOJICTbIX CyqbHX ,n;epmaJICH. KOM- rrOJIeH C O,n;HOH CTOpOHbI XOTeJI BbITaHTb CeMeHa - TOT 6bICTpO yrrOJI3 Ha ,n;pyry1O CTOPOHY. ,IJ:epeBo 60JIb1lIOe, cyq- KOBaToe, HO KOMrrOJIeH He 06Xo,n;HJI, a JIerKO rreperrpblrHBaJI H Bce BpeMH rrbITaJICH rroHMaTb qeJIOBeKa. TaK rrpo,n;oJIma- JIOCb HeCKOJIbKO MHHYT. IIoToM KOMrrOJIeH ymeJI". .. .JIeT BoceMb,n;ecHT Ha38.,l1;, paccKa3bIBa1OT cTapHKH, B03- JIe ,n;epeBHH KeJIbCHHO OXOTHHKH HaTKHYJIHCb Ha orpoMHo- ro MymHKa; MHoro pa3 CTpeJIHJIH, CMOrJIH y6HTb. 3axopo- HHJIH Ha TOM me MeCTe. II TaKHe CKa3KH rrpo Hero XO,n;HT - 6y,n;TO JI06 Y Hero 30JIOTOH... OXOTHHKOB, B03MomHO, OllIe- JIOMHJI He pOCT, a 06JIHqbe cyecTBa. ,IJ:a H C KaKOH CTaTH HM CTpeJIHTb B qeJIOBeKa? BOT H H ,n;YMa1O: He pblmHM JIH BOJIOCOM 6bIJIO rrOKpbITO cyecTBO? (rOBOpHM me MbI: 30- JIOTaH Koca, 30JIOTaH rrllIeHHa. - A. 3.)... MecTHbIe mHTe- JIH YBepH1OT, qTO B Tex MeCTax c06aKH Bcer,n;a BeYT ce6H HecrroKoHHo, ,n;ame TPYCJIHBO. A c06aKH - He KOMHaTHbIe 60JIOHKH, OXOTHHKH rro KpyrrHOMY 3Bep1O, HM JIH 60HTbCH, CKameM, Me,n;Be,n;H? MomeT, B TOM 60py rrpOAOJIma1OT mHTb H XOAHTb APyrHe, rro,n;06Hble y6HTOMY, cyecTBa?.» 
i 140 IIocJlecJlOBHe K HHTepeCHOH CTaTbe OJlbrH TanHT HanH- u u caJl CTapmHH HaytlHblH COTpY,l);HHK HHCTHTYTa 3BOJlIOHOH- HOH MopcpOJlOrHH H 3KOJlOrHH :>KHBOTHhIX AH CCCP, tlJleH YtleHOrO COBeTa rocyapcTBeHHoro ,n:apBHHCKoro MY3eH CepreH KJlYMOB. BhlnHCKY H3 ero peeH3HH H 3eCh BhlHym- eH npHBeCTH, IIOCKOJIbKY OHa HetlaHHHO 3aeBaeT H Moe HCCJleOBaHHe 0 Hre: «Bonpoc 0 CYIIJ;eCTBOBaHHH Ha 06IIIHP- HblX 06J1aCTHX ceBepHoro nOJlymapHH HaIIIeH nJIaHeTbl no- JlYMHcpHtleCKOrO CYIIJ;eCTBa, KOTopoe B pa3HbIX paHoHax 3eMJlH Ha3hlBalOT no-pa3HOMY - «CHejKHbIH tleJlOBeK», «HeTH», «,l);HKHH tleJlOBeK», «aJIMac», «MY JleHa», «6Hr- <PYT», «caCKBatl», «TYHry», «KOMnOJleH» H T.,l);. - CTaJI OCO- 6eHHO aKTHBHO o6cymaTbcH C HatlaJIa nHTHeCHThIX rOOB. BhlCKa3blBaHHH 0 HeM CBOHJlHCb B o6eM K BYM npoTH- BOnOJlOmHblM MHeHHHM.CKenTHKH CtlHTaJIH, tlTO Bce nOJlY- tleHHhle aHHble npeCTaBJlSIIOT nepeneB peBHHx JlereH,l);, nepeaBaeMhlx H3 nOKOJleHHH B nOKOJleHHe; tlTO BceMH 3TH- MH CKa3KaMH OJlmHhl 3aHHMaTbCSI He YtleHhle 6HOJlOrH, a <pOJlhKJlOpHCThl; tlTO «CHemHbIH tleJlOBeK» - TaKoH me Bbl- MblllIJleHHhIH 06pa3, KaK Ba6a-Hra, JlemHH... OnTHMHCTbl He COrJlamaJIHCb C noo6HhlM OTpHaHHeM cpaKTOB, aneJlJlHpOBaJlH K CJlenKaM HJlH qJOTorpacpHHM CJIe- OB Hor « CHemHoro tleJlOBeKa» , OCTaBJleHHblM Ha npOTSIme- HHH HeCKOJIbKHX KHJlOMeTpOB, npe'bHBJlHJlH KHHOJleHTY C H306pameHHeM 6HrCPYTa - 60JlbllIeHOra - B CeBepHOH AMepHKe. CneHaJlbHOH KOMHCCHeH npH AKaeMHH HaYK CCCP no H3ytleHH1O Bonpoca 0 «CHemHOM tleJIOBeKe» B 1958-1959 roax 6blJlH ony6J1HKoBalibl tleTbIpe BhlnYCKa MaTepHaJIOB no STOH np06J1eMe. M3BecTHbIH aMepHKaHcKHH 300JIOr AHBeH CSHepcoH B npeHCJIOBHH K cBoeH 60JIbllIOH 
141 i MOHorpa<pHH, BhIme,n;meH B 1961 ro,n;y, BhICOKO OeHHJI pa- 60TY COBeTCKHX ytleHhIX: «,n;eHTeJlhHOCTh COBeTCKHX ytle- u HhIX npOJlHJla HOBhIH CBeT Ha BeCh Bonpoc H no,n;HHJla ero B u u eJlOM Ha TaKOH BhICOKHH ypOBeHh, tlTO 3ana,n;HhIe HaytlHhIe KpyrH BhIHym,n;eHhI 6hIJlH nOtlTH KapHH8.JIhHhIM o6pa30M H3MeHHTh CBOIO n03HHIO no OTHomeHHIO K HeMY... » KOMnOJleH-HeTH HMeeT TaKoe me npaBO Ha npH3HaHHe CBoero cyecTBoBaHHH, KaK Ba6a-Hra H JlemHH - 3TO YT- Bepm,n;eHHe CKenTHKOB, noxome, HMeeT rJly6oKHH, o6paT- HhIH nepBOHatlaJlhHOMY, CMbICJI. H3 BhImeH3J10meHHhIX MaTepHaJlOB CJle,n;yeT, tlTO Ba6a-Hra - cyecTBo He a6co- JlIOTHO BhIMhImJleHHoe. JIecHoH MymHK KOMnOJleH, OH me JlemHH, HMeeT 3HatlHTeJlhHO 60Jlhme OCHOBaHHH npeTeH,n;o- BaTh Ha peaJlhHOCTh CBoero cyecTBOBaHHH. Cpe,n;H KopeHHhIX mHTeJleH HH30BbeB HpThIma H3peB- Jle 6hITyeT TO JlH norOBopKa, TO JlH pyraTeJlhCTBO: «Ha-a, JlemaK!», - 03HatlalOaH: JlemHH Te6H 3a6epH. 8Ta noro- BopKa MOrJla 6bI npe,n;cTaBJlHTh HHTepec, nOmaJlYH, pa3Be u tlTO ,n;JlH CneH8.JIHCTOB no MeCTHhIM rOBopaM, He COtleTaH- CH OHa ee C O,n;HHM MeCTHhIM nOHHTHeM: «MaHtlHT!» CJlO- BetlKO 3TO He npOH3Bo,n;Hoe OT BceM HaM npHBbItlHOrO « MaHK» , a CKopee Bcero OT CJlOB « MaHTh», «3aMaHTh». ECJlH CTaphIH ceBepHHHH CKameT ,n;pyroMY: «B 3THX MeCTax MaH- t1HT», 3HatlHT, TaM HetlHCTO, MeCTO rH6J1oe. ECTh B Tex Mec- u Tax ,n;ame OCTpOB «MaHtlHhIH», XOTH HHKaKHM MaHKOM TaM HHKor,n;a H He naxJlo. Bce 3TO ,n;aBHO nOKa38.JIOCh MHe CTpaHHhIM, H $I o6paTHJI- CH 3a pa3'bHCHeHHHMH K CTapOmHJlKe Tex KpaeB, HeyroMoH- HOM 6a6yce Maphe HBaHoBHe Pa36oHHHKOBOH. OTBeTHJla OHa He cpa3Y H 6e3 60JlhmOH OXOTbI: «B 3THX MeCTax JlemaK 
i 142 MaHtlHT. I1YT, 3HatlHT, 3HMOH KOHH no 3HMHHKY, KaK O OCTpOBa OHYT - 3axpanHT, 3a6hIOTCH, BCTaHYT HJlH, Ha- 060POT, nOHeCYT H B03 onpOKHHYT. BHJlHCh-6HJlHCh HMru;H- KH a H nepeMeHHJlH opory. YmHa tlTO 3BepOBhIe JlaHKH YIlIJlhIe, a H TO B TOT ypMaH He HYT - llIepCTh hI6oM H K HoraM mMYTCH. CTapHKH-TY3eMhI CKa3hIBaIOT: JleillaK TaM MaHtlHT » . IIOHBHJlCH H Tora 6a6KHHhIM paCCKa3aM, nOYXMbIJlHJI- CH B HeBepHH H tlYTh 6hIJlO He 3a6hIJI C roaMH. CTaThH OJlh- rH TanHT CHOBa MHe 0 HHX HanOMHHJla H rrOBHHY Jla K HOBO- MY nOHCKY. BepCTa n.HTHaTaJI TaM JIemHH 6pO,lJ;HT JIIO.n;H rJIarOJIeMbIe caTbIpe (caTH- pbI), mHJIHe HX B JIecax H IIO ro- paM; a xom.n;eHHe HX CKOpO, er.n;a Te- KYT, HHKTO He MomeT HaCTHrHYTb HX, a XO.n;HT HarH, a mHBYT co 3BepbMH, a TeJIa HX 06POCJIH BOJIOCaMH, TOKMO rJIaCOM KpHqaT. H 3 ope8Heu XPOHUKU IIoKa H B tlHTaJlbHbIX 3aJlaX rrepeJlHCTbIBaJl CTpaHHbI rrOmeJlTeBIlIHX <pOJIHaHTOB H HOBeHIlIHX H3aHHH, crroco6- HbIX TaK HJlH HHatle npOJlHTb CBeT Ha TeMHYIO HCTOpHIO « CHemHOrO tleJlOBeKa», Ha CTpaHHax rretlaTH B03HHKJla HOBaH nOJleMHKa no rrOBOY ero cyru;eCTBOBaHHH. B 06J1aCTHOH ra3eTe rrOOtlepeHO BbIcTynHJlH YtleHbIH, eHCTBHTeJlbHhIH tlJleH reorpa<pHtleCKoro 06ru;eCTBa H rrpo- 
_143 i CTOH OXOTHHK H3 Ha.n;bIMa. YqeHblH KaTerOpHqeCKH HaCTa- HBaJl, qTO HHKaKOrO «CHemHOrQ qeJlOBeKa» He 6blJlO H He MomeT 6blTb, nOTOMY qTO MeCTHoe HaCeJleHHe H OXOTHHRH ero HHKor.n;a He BCTpeqaJIH H HH O.n;HH H3 JlHTepaTypHbIX HC- TOqHHKOB 0 HeM He ynoMHHaeT. OXOTHHK HanHCaJI nonpoe, HO He MeHee y6e.n;HTeJIbHO: « MHe .n;OBeJlOCb OKOJlO nHTH JleT mHTb B O.n;HOM H3 ceBepo- 3ana,n;HblX paHOHOB 06J1aCTH.llMeHHO B Tex KpaHX, KaK cJle- .n;yeT H3 "KOMCOMOJlbCKOH npaB.n;bl" , CKpblBaeTCH HeH3Bec- THoe .n;oceJle cyecTBO. Ho TaK JlH ym He06HTaeMa 3Ta Tep- pHTOpHH? ame B He60JlbIIIHX MaCCHBax TaHrH Be.n;YT 3arOTOBKY Jleca, 60JlbIIIHHCTBO Bo.n;oeMOB 06J1aBJlHBaeTCH pbl6aKaMH. Ho nOqeMY-TO HHKOMY H3 HHX.n;O CHX nop He nOCtlaCTJlHBHJlOCb BCTpeTHTbCH C JlereH.n;apHbIM "qeJlOBeKO- 3BepeM" . B03MomHO, OH npHtleTCH OT JlIO.n;eH B caMblX rJlY- XHX ypMaHax. O.n;HaKO TaKHe MeCTa, 60Jlee HJlH MeHee 60ra- Tble npOMblCJlOBblM 3BepeM, nOqTH CnJlOIIIb 3aKpenJleHbl 3a OXOTHHKaMH Koon3BeponpOMX030B, KOTopble Ha CBOHX yqa- CTRax 3HalOT e.n;Ba JlH He Kam.n;oe .n;ynJlo. IIpOMblCJlOBHKH B O.n;HH rOJloc maJlYIOTCH, qTO BO Bce 3anOBe.n;Hble OCTp03KH Hora qeJlOBeKa cTynHJla yme YBepeHHO. ,,9HHKJlOne.n;HqeC- KHH CJlOBapb 6HOJlora" co06aeT B CTaTbe "IIonYJlHHH": "B nonYJlHHH MJleROnHTalOHX B cpe.n;HeM .n;OJlmHO 6bITb He MeHee 500 pa3MHomalOHXCH oc06eH. llHaqe MomeT npoH30HTH cJlyqaHHOe BblMHpaHHe nony JlHHH". ame eCJlH .n;onYCTHTb, qTO r.n;e-TO B 3ana.n;Ho-cH6HPCKOH TaHre 6pO.n;HT o.n;HH-e.n;HHcTBeHHbIH 3K3eMnJIHp rOMHHOH.n;a, TO B XIV, a TeM 60Jlee B XVII - XVIII BeKax KOJIHqeCTBO HX .n;OJl- mHO 6bIJlO H3MepHTbCH COTHHMH. He BepHTCH, qT06bI Ta- Roe pacrrpOCTpaHeHHoe cyecTBo OCTaBHJlO CBOH CJIe.n; B 
i 144 onHcaHHHX PYCCKHX 3eMJlenpOXOeB JlHIIIb O'tleHb peKH- MH H BeCbMa COMHHTeJlbHbIMH cpaKTaMH, a Y MeCTHoro Ha- CeJleHHH - TOJlbKO JlereHaMH. H BCe:>Ke nocJle BbIIIIeCKa- 3aHHoro OCMeJlIOCb YTBepmaTb, 'tITO BCTpe'tlH C rOMHHOH- OM B HaIIIH HH OBOJlbHO 'tIaCTbI. PbI600xpaHa H OXOTHHcneKHH BbIHBJlHIOT HeMaJIO 6paKOHbepOB, OTopbIe 3a6HpalOTCH B caMbIe TpYHoocTynHbIe MeCTa. HCIIOJlb3YH COBpeMeHHYIO TeXHHKY, OHH BapBapCKH YHH'tITO:>KaIOT Bce :>KHBoe. H OTHeCTH HX K "rOMO canHeHC" H3bIK He nOBOpa'tlH- BaeTCH» . BOT TaKYIO TpeBO:>KHYIO 3aMeTKY °HanHCaJl OXOTHHK. OqeHb MHe nOHpaBHJlOCb ero BbIcTynJleHHe, HO Me:>KY TeM 06HHO CTaJIO 3a OJlbry TanHT, pa60TY KOTOpOH ynopHo CTa- BHJlH IIO COMHeHHe. Y MeHH H Y caMoro no06p8.JICH Koe- KaKoH MaTepH8.JI. He Mor H COrJlaCHTbCH C nO'tlTeHHbIM 'tfJle- HOM reorpacpH'tIeCKOrO o6w;ecTBa, qTO He OCTaJIOCb HHKa- KHX nHCbMeHHbIX HCTOqHHKOB 0 peJlHKTOBOM rOMHHOHe. Y'tIeHbIH apa6 H6H-cI>a;J;JlaH, OTnpaBJleHHbIH H3 Bara;J;a no- CJlOM K BOJl:>KCKHM 6YJlrapaM B 921-922 roax, OCTaBHJI u OCTOBepHoe onHcaHHe CBoeH noe3KH, B KOTOpOM coep- maTCH paroeHHbIe JlH Hac H3BeCTHH 0 PYCCKHX, BapH- rax, xaaapax H 6aIIIKHpax, paCCKa3bIBaeT CO CJlOB 6YJlrapc- Koro apH, tlTO 3a ero CTpaHOIO, Ha paCCTOSlHHH Tpex MeCH- eB nYTH, :>KHBeT Hapo no HMeHH BHCY, Y KOToporo HOqb MeHbIIIe 'tIaca... (ITo MHeHHIO MHorHX HCCJleOBaTeJleH, BHCY - 3TO IOrpa, HaCeJlSlBIIIaSi 06J1aCTb CeBepHoro Ypa- Jla)... 3a BHCY me aJIee Ha ceBep :>KHBeT CTpaIIIHoe nJleMH BeJlHKaHOB. CaM apb BHeJl OHa:>KbI TaKoro qeJlOBeKa: OH 6bIJI BbICOTOH B 12 JlOKTeH, C rOJlOBOH BeJlHtlHHOH C 60Jlb- IIIOH KOTeJl, C HOCOM B nHb JlHHOIO, C rpOMa,zJ;HbIMH rJla3a- 
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i 146 MH H IIaJIhaMH; BH,n; ero IIpHBeJl B ymac apH Hero JlIO,n;eH; OHH 3arOBOpHJlH C HHM, HO He IIOJlYtlHJlH HHKaKoro OTBeTa - OH TOJlhKO IIpHCTaJIhHO CMOTpeJl Ha HHX... MomeT, He- MHoro H IIpHYKpaCHJl6y JlrapCKHH aph, tlTo6hI IIpHIIyrHYTh JlI0603HaTeJlhHOrO apa6a, rOBopH 0 rOJlOBe BeJlHKaHa pa3- MepoM C orpOMHhIH IIHBHOH KOTeJl. COMHHTeJlhHO, tlTo6bI B IIpHpo,n;e MOrJlH cYIIJ;eCTBOBaTh TaKHe BeJlHKaHhI. O,n;HaKO HHTepecHo, tlTO ero MeCTO o6HTaHHH YKa3hIBaeTcH Ha CeBe- pe, 3a IOrpoH.IIocJle ll6H-cI>a,n;JlaHa orpoMHYIO rOJlOBY Be- JlHKaHa MhI Haxo,n;HM TOJlhKO Y IIYIIIKHHa, B II03Me « PYCJlaH H JIIO,n;MHJla», Tome Ha CeBepe Y IIOJlYHOIIJ;HhIX rop. BOT KaK Y IIYIIIKHHa, B IIeCHe tleTBepToH: .. .PYCJIaH CBOH nYTb OTBamHO npo.n;OJImaeT Ha .n;aJIbHHH ceBep; C Kam.n;bIM .n;HeM nperpbI HOBbIe BCTpeqaeT: To 6beTcH OH C 60raTbIpeM, TO C Be.n;bMOIO, TO C BeJIHKaHOM... A BOT PYCJlaH, IIo6e,n;HB B IIOJIYHOIIJ;HhIX ropax KapJlY, B03- BpaeTCH K rOJlOBe: «.. .IIpe,n; HHMH CTeJleTCH paBHHHa, / r,n;e eJlH H3pe,n;Ka B30IIIJlH; / II rp03Horo XOJlMa B,n;aJIH / qepHeeT Kpyr JlaH BepIIIHHa. . . » B 3TOH ceHe II03T COBepIIIeHHO tleTKO HapHCOBaJI KapTHHY JleCOTYH,n;phI, YKa3aB XapaKTepHYIO ,n;JlH ee JlaH,n;IIIacpTa ,n;eTaJIh - H3pe,n;Ka B30IIIe,n;IIIHe eJlH. OIIpe,n;eJleHHO, tlTO II03T HMeJl IIO,n;pyqHYIO HHcpopMaHIO o IIpHpo,n;e ceBepHhIX 3eMeJlh H HX JlereH,n;apHhIX 06HTaTe- JlHX. JlH OIIpe,n;eJleHHH rrepBOHCTOtlHHKa CTOHJIO H ,n;ame CJle,n;OBaJIO 3aHHThCH H3yqeHHeM KHHr JlHtlHOM 6H6JIHOTeKH IIYIIIKHHa: B,n;pyr B HeM oThIIIJ;eTcH tlTO-HH6y,n;h 0 3arOtl- HOM JIerneM. 
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i 148 KOHe'tlHO, ero JlH'tIHaH 6H6J1HOTeKa (orrHcaHHaH Mo,n;3e- JleBCKHM), HeCMOTpH Ha TO, 'tITO B HeH COXpaHHJlOCh ,n;OCTa- u TO'tlHO MHoro pe,n;KHX H rrpOCTO YHHKaJlhHhIX H3,n;aHHH, He B u rrOJlHOH Mepe OTpa:>KaeT Kpyr 'tITeHHH H HHTepeCOB rr03Ta H HH B KoeH Mepe He ,n;aeT rrOJlHOrO rrpe,n;CTaBJleHHH 060 Bcex rrpOQHTaHHhIX HM KHHrax; H3BeCTHO Be,n;h, 'tITO HaH60Jlee n;eHHhIe H HHTepeCHhIe KHHrH HMelOT CBOHCTBO 6eCCJle,n;Ho rrporra,n;aTh B rrepBYIO Oe'tlpe,n;h, a Y IIYIIIKHHa 6hIJla rrpHBhI'tI- Ka 6paTh caMhIe JlI06HMhIe KHHrH B ,n;opory. TeM He MeHee cpe,n;H rrpO'tlHX KHHr ero 6H6J1HOTeKH coxpa- HHJlaCh KHHra IIaBJla HOBHH HOBOKOMCKoro. JIHCThI ee OKa- 3aJIHCh pa3pe3aHHhIMH JlHIIIh 'tIaCTH'tIHO, KaK 06hI'tIHO 6hIBa- eT, Kor,n;a BJla,n;eJlen; KHHrH ,n;aBHO 3HaKOM C ee co,n;ep:>KaHHeM H rrpH06peJl n;eHHhIH 3K3eMrrJlHp Crren;HaJIhHO ,n;JlH Toro, 'tITO- 6hI OHa B HY:>KHhIH MOMeHT OKa3aJlaCh (Crro,n; PYKOH». IIaBeJl HOBHH HOBOKOMCKHH 6hIJI JlH'tIHOCThlO aaMe'tla- TeJlhHOH. OH :>KHJI B Ha'tlaJIe XVI BeKa B BaTHKaHe, BCTpe'tlaJI- CH TaM C PYCCKHM rrOCJlOM K rrarre KJlHMeHTY VII MHTpHeM repacHMoBhIM H C ero CJlOB HarrHCaJI B 1525 ro,n;y KHHry, rrpH- HeCIIIYIO HTaJIhHHCKOMY HCTOPHKY BceMHpHYIO H Herrpexo- ,n;Hm;ylO H3BeCTHOCTh: (cKHHra 0 rrOCOJlhCTBe BaCHJlHH, BeJlH- Koro rocy,n;apH MOCKoBcKoro K rrarre KJlHMeHTY VII, B KOTO- pOH C OC060H ,n;OCTOBepHOCThlO orrHcaHhI rrOJlO:>KeHHe CTpaHhI, HeH3BeCTHhIe ,n;peBHHM peJlHrHH H 06hI'tIaH Hapo,n;a. KpoMe Toro, YKa3yeTcH 3a6J1Y:>K,n;eHHe CTpa60Ha, IIToJleMeH H ,n;PY- rHX, rrHcaBIIIHX 0 reorpacpHH, TaM, r,n;e OHH yrroMHHalOT rrpo PHcpeHCKHe rophI, KOTophIe, KaK rrOJlO:>KHTeJlhHO H3BeCTHO, B HaCTOHm;ee BpeMH HHr,n;e He cym;eCTBYIOT». MOCKOBHH, paCCKa3bIBaJI HOBHIO repaCHMOB, rrpOCTH- paeTCH OT HCTOKOB OHa ,n;o caMoro 6epera JIe,n;OBHToro 
_149 i Mopa, 1I0,n;BJlaCTHOrO MOCKOBCKOMY KHa31O. Co CJlOB repa- CHMOBa, IIaBeJI HOBHH BlIepBhIe C006HJI 3alIa,n;HOH EBPO- lIe 0 JlaIIJlaH,n;ax H He yep:>KaJlca, QT06bI He IIpHYKpaCHTb ero OCTOBepHbIe CBeeHHa JlereHOH 0 IIHrMeaX, .HK06hI :>KH- BYHX B CTpaHe rJIy60Koro MpaKa 3a JIaIIJlaHHeH. 't.J:T06bI ee 60Jlee H3YMHTb HeCBe,n;YHX eBpOlIeHeB, HeH3BeCTHbIH aBTOp OIIOJlHHJI KHHry IIaBJla HOBHa paCCKa- 30M 0 ceBepHbIX BeJIHKaHax: <cH BHeJl OHoro H3 HHX, IIOR- MaHHoro :>KHBbIM H IIpHBeeHHoro B HopBerHIO... pOCTOM 20 cpYTOB, BeCb B BOJIOCaX, 60JlbWHe H KpaCHbIe rJla3a. OH HaBO)];HJI CTpax H ymac Ha Tex, KTO Ha Hero IIpHCTaJIbHO CMOTpeJl. B KOHe KOHOB, B HeM 6bIJlO 60JlbWe 3BepHHoro, "qeM qeJlOBeqeCKoro». TaKHM 06pa30M, B KHHre HOBHH 1I0aBHJlHCb cBeeHHa 0 ceBepHbIx BeJIHKaHaX H KapJlHKaX-IIHrMeax, COBMeCTHO Ha- CeJlalOHX ceBep MOCKOBHH - cTpaHbI 1I0JlYHoHbIe lIo6J1H- 30CTH OT PHcpeHCKHX rop. KHHra HOBHa 6hIJla WHpOKO H3Be- cTHa, H, B03MO:>KHO, cBe,n;eHHa H3 Hee 1I0CJlY:>KHJlH IIywKHHY OCHOBOR JlH cro:>KeTa 0 BeJlHKaHe H KapJIe qepHoMope. OHaKo 1I0pa BepHYTbcH K HaweMY JlelIIeMY. Bo BpeMe- Ha IIaBJla HOBHa TPY H6H-<1>a.n;JlaHa B EBpOlIe 6hIJI HeH3Be- CTeH. Me:>KY aBTopaMH JIemaJlO IIHTb C 1I0JlOBHHOH BeKoB, H cOBna,n;eHHH eTaJIeH B OIIHcaHHH ceBepHbIx BeJlHKaHOB He MorYT 6bITb pe3YJIbTaTOM 3aHMCTBOBaHHH. JlH TaKoro COBlIa,n;eHHH Heo6xoHM JlH60 06HH HCTOqHHK HHcpopMa- HH, JlH60 peaJIbHO cyeCTBYIOHH IIpOTOTHII. IIOCKOJIb- KY HeT HHKaKHX OCHOBaHHH YTBepm,n;aTb lIepBoe, IIpHeTCH COrJIaCHTbCa co BTOpbIM IIpe,n;IIOJIOiKeHHeM. IIpHMepHo TaK H H3J10:>KHJI CBOH OBO,n;bI B IIOJIb3Y rHITO- Te3bI 0 cyecTBoBaHHH HeTH B He60JlbWOH 3aMeTKe ,n;JlH 06- 
i 150 JIaCTHOH ra3eTbI.IOMOpHCT-XYO:>KHHK H3 peaKHH COIIpO- BOHJI ee 3a68.BHbIMH pHCYHKaMH. Ha OHOM pHCYHKe H3 JIe- TalOeH TapeJIKH CIIYCKaeTCH Ha 3eMJIIO MOXHaTbIH rOMH- HOH. IIpoTHB O:>KHaHHH, CTaTbH BbI3Ba.rra O:>KHBJIeHHbIe OTKJIHKH qHTaTeJIeH. OHH, HaH60JIee 3HeprHqHbIH, a:>Ke He IIOJIeHHJICH HaHeCTH BH3HT B peaKHIO. IIpeCTaBHBIlIHCb CepreeM, cTyeHToM HHYCTpHa.rrbHO- ro HHCTHTYTa, OH C rOpHqHOCTblO y6e:>KeHHO IIPHCTYIIHJI K H3JIO:>KeHHIO CBoeH BepCHH: «JIeTalOaH TapeJIKa H "CHe:>K- HbIH qeJIOBeK" BeH B3aHMOCBH3aHHbIe. TYT B qeM eJIo? o HeTH IIpHBbIKJIH YMaTb KaK 0 IIpHMaTe, peJIHKTOBOH qe- JIOBeKOo6pa3HOH 06e3bHHe. IIoTOMY H HYT ero B HKHX MeCTax, HYT ero CTOHHKY, IIeepy, ero BbIBOOK. A HHqe- ro 3Toro He HaHTH, IIOTOMY qTO 3Toro HeT! KTO, Kora OIIH- ca.rr, qTO BHeJI 3THX IIpHMaToB eJIbIM IIJIeMeHeM, BHeJI eTeHbIllIeH? A Beb eMY HMO 6bI YCHJIeHHO IIJIOHTbCH, qTo6bI coxpaHHTb CBOH po. TaK BOT: 3Toro HHqerO HeT H 6e3IIOJIe3HO HCKaTb. 8TO H He "CHe:>KHbIH qeJIOBeK" H He IIPH- MaT - BOT H Bce. IIpocTO OH re-TO TaM IIpOllIeJI TY :>Ke IIPH- MepHO 3BOJIIOHIO, qTO H MbI. A IIOTOM IIpHJIeTeJI. TapeJIKY H OHa:>KbI caM BHeJI Ha IIpHIIOJIHpHOM Ypa.rre: 3aBHCJIa Y CKa.rrbI, IIOTOM YJIeTeJIa. "CHe:>KHOrO qeJIOBeKa" H Tora He YBHeJI, HO MHe Bce Ka3a.rrOCb, qTO H TaM He OHH H 3a MHOH Ha6JIIOaIOT. 8THX TapeJIOK, eCJIH IIorJIy6:>Ke B TaHry 3a6- paTbCH, MO:>KHO HaCMOTpeTbCH IIpeOCTaTOqHO». CJIe.n;YIOHM OTKJIHKHYJICH 10. PbIJIKHH - HayqHbIH COTPy.n;HHK TOMCKoro IIOJIHTeXHHqeCKOrO HHCTHTYTa - H IIpeJIO:>KHJI HOBYIO rHIIOTe3Y: «H3 oIIy6JIHKOBaHHbIX 3apy- 6e:>KHbIX H OTeqeCTBeHHbIX HaHbIX HCTOqHHKOB, a TaK:>Ke H3 IIOKa3aHHH OqeBHeB MO:>KHO 3aKJIlOqHTb, qTO paCCMaT- 
_151 t pHBalOTCH qeTblpe rHrrOTe3bI «CHemHOrO qeJIOBeKa»: 1) pe- JIHKTOBbIH rOMHHOH.n; - TyrrHKoBaH BeTBb qeJIOBeqeCTBa; 2) qeJIOBeK-p060T C JIHOM-MacKoH, T. e. He COBceM XOPO- llIaH KorrHH qeJIOBeKorro.n;06Horo cyecTBa, rrOHBJIeHHe KO- Toporo CBH3bIBalOT C rroceeHHeM 3eMJIH HJIO C .n;pyrHx KOCMHqeCKHX MHpOB; 3) OTTopmeHHaH 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHaH 3HepreTHqeCKaH CTpYKTypa qeJIOBeKa rrOCJIe ero CMepTH, HJIH crrOHTaHHO OT.n;eJIHIOaHCH OT HeKOTopbIX cpeHoMeHoB, Ha.n;eJIeHHbIX He06'bHCHHMbIMH rrOKa crroc06HoCTHMH; 4) rro- JIeBaH cpopMa mH3HH, Kor.n;a qeJIOBeKorro.n;06Hoe cyecTBo CTaHOBHTCH BH.n;HMbIM TOJIbKO B orrpe.n;eJIeHHbIX MeTeopo- JIOrHqeCKHX H reocpH3HqeCKHX YCJIOBHHX H reOMeTpHH OK- pymalOero rrpOCTpaHCTBa. Ee o.n;Ha xapaKTepHaH .n;e- TaJIb. CTOHT 06ecTBeHHocTH ycrroKoHTbCH Ha BpeMH, KaK rrOHBJIHIOTCH HOBbIe ceHcaHOHHbIe co06eHHH 0 HJIO, HeCCH, "CHemHOM qeJIOBeKe" H TaK .n;aJIee. He CBH3aHO JIH 3TO C rrCHXHqeCKHM COCTOHHHeM 06ecTBa? IIoqeMY 6bI He rrpe.n;rrOJIOmHTb, qTO KJIeTKH qeJIOBeKa HMelOT 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHYlO CBH3b C HeH3BeCTHOH rpyrrrroH KJIeTOK, Haxo.n;HeHCH B 03epe, B JIecy, B ropax H TaK .n;a- JIee? OT rrCHXHqeCKOrO COCTOHHHH qeJIOBeKa 3aBHCHT H CO- CTOHHHe 3TOH HeH3BeCTHOH HaM KOJIOHHH KJIeTOK, KOTopaH CTaJIa caMoopraHH30BbIBaTbCH (MaTepHaJIH30BbIBaTbCH) B caMble He06blqHbIe cpOpMbI, KOTopbIe rryralOT Bcex OT MaJIa .n;o BeJIHKa. TaKHM 06pa30M, Hey.n;aqa 3Kcrre.n;HHH 3a "CHem- HbIM qeJIOBeKOM" MomeT 6bITb rrpe.n;orrpe.n;eJIeHa 3apaHee». He cKamy, qT06bI TaKHe OTKJIHKH MeHH oc06eHHo pa.n;o- BaJIH, rrOCKOJIbKY caM H rrOCTerreHHO rrpOHHKCH YBepeHHOC- TblO B 06paTHoM. Ho BOT rrpHllIJIO B ra3eTY rrHCbMO B. CTe- rraHOBOH, KOTopoe MeHH HeCKOJIbKO 060.n;PHJIO: «IIpoqHTa- 
i 152 Jla CTaThlO A. 3axapoBa "He npHIlIeJlen;, a a60pHreH" H BCIIOMHHJla... HaIlIa 3KCIIe.n;Hn;HH B COCTaBe IIHTH tleJIOBeK pa60TaJIa B OKTH6phCKOM paHoHe (XaHThI- MaHcHHcKHH oKpyr). ITpHMepHo B 40-50 KHJIOMeTpax K ceBepy OT .n;e- peBHH qeMaIlIH MhI IIpOBO.n;HJIH 06CJle.n;oBaHHe COCHOBhIX Hacam.n;eHHH H Ha 6epery peKH PO.n;OM 06HapymHJIH Ha cy- XOM IIeCKe OtleHh CTpaHHbIe CJle.n;hI, KaK 6y.n;TO IlIeJl BeJlH- KaH... CJIehI He 6hIJIH IIOXO:>KbI Ha Me.n;BemhH. 8TO 6hIJlO B HIOHe-HIOJle 1961 ro.n;a». « CJlaBa 60ry, XOTh O.n;HH CJle.n;OK OThICKaJICH!» - 06pa- .n;OBaJICH H. BCKope OKa3aJlOCh, tlTO He O.n;HH: IIpHIlIJlO ew;e IIHChMO. H. EcpHMOB co06w;aJI, tlTO B KOHn;e IIHTH.n;eCHThIX ro.n;OB rOCTHJI y CBoeH TeTKH B .n;epeBHe HHjKHHH K03hMHIlI, B 90 KHJIOMeTpax IOjKHee r. KYHrypa ITepMcKoH 06JIaCTH. OHam.n;hI OH BMeCTe C KOJlX03HhIM ntleJIOBo.n;OM HBaHOM TpHcpoHOBHtleM CyaKoBhIM IIOeXaJI Ha IIaceKY. BetlepOM, u B03Bpaw;aHCh .n;OMOH Ha JlOIlIa.n;H, OHH YBH.n;eJIH Ha OIIYIlIKe Jleca, r.n;e IIaCJlHCh TeJlHTa,.rpOM8.,lJ;Hoe cyw;ecTBo, IIoxomee Ha tleJlOBeKa. BeJlHKaH OCTaHOBHJlCH, YBH.n;eB JIIO.n;eH, IIOCTOHJI HeKO- Topoe BpeMH, IIepeMHHaHCh C HorH Ha Hory, IIOTOM He CIIe- IlIa OTIIpaBHJlCH 06paTHO B Jlec. OH 6hIJI BeCh 6eJIhIH C rOJlo- BhI.n;O Hor, He MeHee Tpex MeTpOB BhICOThI... Hac pa3eJlH- JlO 300-400 MeTpOB, H MhI He pa3r JIH.n;eJlH ero KaK CJIe.n;yeT. Kor.n;a cyw;ecTBo CKphIJlOCh, HBaH TpHcpOHOBHtI XBaTHJICH: «8x! Ha.,n;o 6hIJIO JIOIlIa,l];h BhIIIpHtlh H BepXOM ero .n;orHaTh, paCCMOTpeTh II06J1Hme». CJIep;YIOW;HH IIo.n;06HhIH CIOpIIPH3 He 3aMe.n;JIHJI IIOHBHTh- CH BCKope aa 3THM. O.n;Ham.n;hI Haxomy B IIOtlTOBOM HW;HKe 3aIIHCKY: «3axOHJIa, tlT06hI IIo.n;eJlHThCH BeCTHMH 0 "cHem- 
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i 154 ,l(aJI Ce6H BbIMbITb. BOJIbllIHHCTBO MeCTHbIX mHTeJIeH IIe- pe6bIBaJIH B 60JIbHHe, qT06bI IIOrJIa3eTb Ha "TYHry" - TaK ero Ha3bIBaJIH xaHTbI. B 60JIbHHe "TYHry" IIp06bIJI He,l(OJIro: qepe3 HeCKOJIbKO ,l(HeH ero 3a6paJI CIIeHaJIbHO BbI3BaHHbIH CaMOJIeT. IIpH6bITHe CaMOJIeTa B rJIYXYIO ,l(e- peBHIO 6bIJIO C06bITHeM Qpe3BbIqaHHbIM, H Ha paCQHCTKY IIOCa,l(OQHOH IIOJIOCbI BbIllIJIO IIOQTH Bce HaCeJIeHHe. KaKOBa ,l(a.rrbHeHllIaH cy,l(b6a TaHHCTBeHHoro cyecTBa, KaTepHHa BaCHJIbeBHa He 3HaeT » . - MomeT, MaMa QTO-TO,l(06aBHT, - B 3aKJIIOQeHHeCKa- 3a.rra OHa. - A r,l(e mHBeT Ballia MaMa? - Qepe3 CTeHKY, - IIOKa3aJIa PYKOH X03HHKa. B ee COIIpOBOm,l(eHHH IIepexomy Ha ,l(pyrylO IIOJIOBHHY ,l(OMa. ArpHIIIIHHaApXHIIOBHa, HeCMOTpH Ha IIpeKJIOHHbIH B03- paCT, COXpaHHJIa HCHOCTb YMa H XOPOllIYIO IIaMHTb 060 BceM. - BepHo, OTIIpaBHJIH 3Toro 3BepeHbIllIa, - IIO,l(TBep- HJIa OHa. - O,l(eJIH B Ma.rrHy, QT06bI He 3aMep3, H IIOCa,n;H- JIH B CaMOJIeT BMeCTe C MaTepblO. - C KaKOH MaTepblO? - He IIOBepHJI $I CBOHM YlliaM. - IIpHeMHoH. Ero XaHTbIHKa COBceM M8JIeHbKOro B JIecy IIo,l(06paJIa H BbIKOpMHJIa. - A QTO C HHMH ,l(aJIbllIe CTaJIo? - He 3HalO, CbIHOK. BOHHa 6bIJIa - He O 3BepeHbIllieH. ,1];ocToBepHOCTb H3JIOmeHHbIX HMH CBe,l(eHHH He BbI3bI- B8JIa y MeHH HHKaKHX COMHeHHH. Ho Ha BCHKHH CJIyqaH Ka- TepHHa BaCHJIbeBHa a.rra MHe a,n;pec ceCTpbI KJIaBHH: «BbI HaIIHllIHTe eH B Mem,l(ypeQeHCK KOH,l(HHCKOro paHoHa, OHa IIpO 3BepeHbIllia Tome He 3a6bIJIa». 
155 i «Ha,n;o 6yeT HarrHCaTb, - pellIHJI $I rrpo Ce6H. - If rro- HCKaTb B apXHBaX OKYMeHT, rrOTBepmalOHH BbI30B ca- MOJIeTa B CeJIO MymH, OJImHbI OTbICKaTbCH H )J;pyrHe Oqe- BHbI - HCTOpHH 60JIe3HH, HaKOHe. Beb CaHaBHaHH ero H3 60JIbHHbI 3a6parra. ECTb y Hac B ropoe 06JIaCTHOH MY- 3eH 3paBooxpaHeHHH, MomeT, y HHX KaKaH-HH6Yb HHTOq- Ka HaHeTCH?» BepCTa IIIeCTHaTaH BepeaOBCKOe qy,lJ;He TaM JIec H ,lJ;OJI BH,lJ;eHHH IIOJIHbI... A.C. IIywKun. Y JIYKOMOpbJl KaTepHHY BaCHJIbeBHY EmeBCKYIO yaJIOCb yroBopHTb CeJIaTb coo6eHHe 0 3ara,n;OqHOM cyecTBe Ha OqepeHOM 3aceaHHH KJIy6a «TIOMeHCKaH CTapHHa». Hao JIH rOBO- pHTb, qTO OHO BbI3BaJIO HHTepec qpe3BblqaHHbIH. IIocJIe 3aceaHHH 3aBeYIOaH OTeJIOM peKOH KHHrH EJIeHa HH- KHcpopOBHa KOHOBarrOBa rrOHHTepeCOBarraCb y MeHH: «Ap- KaHH IIeTpoBHq, a BbI He rrp060BaJIH 06paTHTbCH K TPY- aM To6oJIbCKOrO ry6epHcKoro MY3eH? Y Hac B OTeJIe eCTb Bce BbIrrYCKH ero HayqHOrO BeCTHHKa.. . » 51 He rrpeMHHYJI BOCrrOJIb30BaTbCH XOpOllIHM COBeTOM H BOT cHmy B OTeJIe KpaeBeeHHH H JIHCTalO TPYbI To60JIbC- Koro MY3eH. Y HBHTeJIbHbIe JIIO)J;H mHJIH B 3allITaTHOM CH- 6HPCKOM ropoe! BorrpeKH CJIOmHBllIHMCH rrpeCTaBJIeHHHM o PYTHHHOM H OrpaHHqeHHOM qHHOBHHqbeM arrrrapaTe, TO- 60JIHKH rrpHMO-TaKH rOpeJIH 3HTY3Ha3MOM HayqHoro rr03Ha- HHH: TO H eJIO CHapHmaJIH 3KcrreHHH B rJIYXHe yrOJIKH ry- 
j 156 6epHHH, pbIJIHCb B nbIJIbHhIX apXHBaX, nOnOJIHHJIH KOJIJIeK- HH, nHC8JIH OT'tIeThI H ejKeroHo BbInYCK8JIH CBOH C06CTBeH- HbIH BeCTHHK ry6epHcKOrO MY3eSl. M BCe 3TO Ha 'tIaCTHbIe no- mepTBOBaHHSI. He CJIyqaHHo B Kam,l];OM emerOHHKe nepBO- CTeneHHoe MeCTO OTBOHJIOCb CMeTe paCXOOB H OXO,l];OB MY3eH H npHBO,l];HJICSI nO,l];p06HbIH OT'tIeT 0 ero ,l];eHTeJIbHOCTH 3a HCTeKIIIHH nepHO. Kam,l];aSl KoneHKa 6JIarOTBOpHTeJIbC- KHX cpeCTB 6bIJIa Ha CTporOM yqeTe. Tenepb 6bI TaK! rrpecKa3aHHe EJIeHbI HHKHcpOpOBHbI C6bIJIOCb: B ceM- Ha,l];n;aTOM BbInYCKe emerO,l];HHKa 3a 1908 ro 06HapymH- JIHCb MaTepHaJIbI paCCJIe,l];OBaHHH 6epe30BcKoro 3eMCKoro cY,l(a no <PaKTY He06bIqHoMY, nOmaJIYH, CaMOMY YHBHTeJIb- HOMY B 60raToH HCTOpHH cH6HpcKoro cY,l];OnpOH3BO,l];CTBa. «OceHbID 1845 rO,l];a 3BeponpOMbIIIIJIeHHHKH OCTHK Cl>a- JIaJIeH JIhIKOCOB H CaMOe,l]; 06bIJIb B ypMaHe y6HJIH He06bIK- HOBeHHoe 'tIY,l];OBHm;e: nOCTaB qeJIOBeqeCKHH, POCTY apIIIHH Tpex, rJIa3a O,l];HH Ha JI6y, a ,l];pyroH Ha eKe, IIIKypa He,l];O- BOJIbHO TOJICTOH IIIepCTH, nOTOHee C060JIbHOH, CKYJIbI ro- JIbIH, y PYK BMeCTO naJIbn;eB KOKTH, y Hor naJIbeB He HMeJI, MymecKa nOJIa» . TaKoe H3BeCTHe npHBea B ceJIO IIoJIHoBaT CBHrn;eHHHK MHxeH IIonoB, KOTOPOMY Ha p. Ma3bIMe, KY,l];a OH ea,l];HJI ,l];JIH HCnOJIHeHHH Tpe6, paCCKa3bIB8JI 06 3TOM CTap- IlIHHa TaJIHK. OTcTaBHoH ypH,l];HHK AH,l];peH illaxoB 16 ,l];e- Ka6pH 1845 rO,l];a nOCJIaJI 0 npoHcIIIeCTBHH CpOqHOe «,l];OHO- IIIeHHe» B 6epeaOBCKHH 3eMCKHH cY,l);. TaM Toro me qHCJIa « npHKaaaJIH» KonHID ,l(oHeCeHHH ypH,l);HHKa npenpOBO,l];HTb K KOH)];HHCKOMY OT,l];eJIbHoMY 3aCe,l);aTeJIID KomeBHHKoBY, C HapOtlHbIM KaaaKoM, «BeJIeB eMY, KOjKeBHHKoBY, TOTqaC no nOJIyqeHHH YKa3a oTnpaBHTbCH Ha MeCTO npoHCIIIecTBHH H npoTHBY OaHaqeHHOrO ,l);OHOWeHHH C,l);eJIaTb JIH'tIHOe Y,l(OCTO- 
157 t BepeHHe, H eCJIH rro TaKOBOMY OKameTCH OHoe CrrpaBe,lJ;JIH- BhIM, KaK H3'bHCHHeT YPH,lJ;HHK illaxoB, TO BeJIeTb eMY, Ko- meBHHKOBY, 3aCTpeJIeHHOrO H3 PymbH rrpOMbIIlIJIeHHHKa- MH HHopO,lJ;aMH He06bIKHoBeHHoro B03paCTa qeJIOBeKa C rJIa3aMH Ha JI6y H eKe ,lJ;OCTaBHTb CO BcelO coxpaHHOCTblO B 3eMcKHH cy,lJ; B HaTypaJIbHOM OHaro BH,lJ;e H CKOJIb MomHO rrocrrelliHee, H 0 rrpOHcmeCTBHH, KaKHM 06pa30M OHoe CO- rrpOBom,lJ;aJIOCb, rrpOH3BeCTb rrO,lJ;p06HOe y.n;ocToBepeHHe H TaKme rrpe,lJ;CTaBHTb B cY,lJ;». ,D:oHeceHO 6bIJIO TaKme T060JIb- CKOMY ry6epHaTOPY H ry6epHCKOMY rrpaBJIeHHIO. 3ace,lJ;aTeJIb KomeBHHKOB HeMe,lJ;JIeHHO oTrrpaBHJICH Ha peKY Ma3bIM, HO Ha rrYTH BCTpeTHJIHCb pa3Horo pO,lJ;a rrpe- rrHTcTBHH, B BH,lJ;e 6e3,lJ;OpOmbH, OTCYTCTBHH OJIeHeH, HeB03- MomHOCTH paHee 5-6 .n;HeH OThICKaTb caMOe,lJ;a H OCTHKa, 3aCTpeJIHBIlIHX KaKoe-TO qY,lJ;OBHe. YKa3aB Ha TO, qTO qy- ,lJ;OBHe 6y.n;TO 6bI ,lJ;06bITO B oKTH6pe, a CJIe.n;oBaTeJIbHO, MOrJIO 6bITb pacxHeHo 3BepHMH H 3aHeceHO cHeroM, qTO CKOpO OTbICKaTb e,lJ;Ba JIH B03MomHO, BBH,lJ;Y CBoero He3,lJ;0- pOBbH H rrpH6JIHmeHHH c60pa HcaKa, 3ace,lJ;aTeJIb ,lJ;OHeC, "tITO OH B03BpaTHJICH 06paTHo, a Ha p03bICKH KOMaH,lJ;HpOBaJI ypH,lJ;HHKa HHKHcpopa HM3HHa. IIocJIe,lJ;HHH HBHJICH C P03bIC- KOB 27 ,lJ;eKa6pH H .n;OJIOmHJI, qTO OH «OTbICKaJI 3Beporrpo- MbIIlIJIeHHHKOB, 3aCTpeJIHBIlIHX 6Y,lJ;TO KaKorO-TO qY,lJ;OBH- m;a». STO 6bIJIH Ka3bIMcKOH BOJIOCTH HeKpem;eHhIH caMO- e,lJ;HH IIo.n;apYTHHcKoH BaTarH 06bIJIb, 45 JIeT, H OCTHK <l>aJIaJIeH AHHCHMOB JIbIKOCOB, 32 JIeT. 06bIJIb 06'bHCHHJI, "tITO BMeCTe C <l>aJIaJIeeM HalliJIH B JIecy «KaKorO-TO qy.n;OBH- m;a, 06JIaHHHOro c06aKaMH, OT KOHX OH 060pOHHJICH CBOH- MH PYKaMH, rro rrpH6JIHmeHHH 15 cameHb K 60KY, H3 3apH- meHHoro pymhH <PaJIaJIeH CpeJIHJI B OHoro qY,lJ;OBHm;a, KO- 
i 158 Topoe H naJIO Ha 3eMJIIO. OCMOTpeJIH ero co Bcex CTOpOH, 0pY,l(HH npH HeM HHKaKoro He 6bIJIO, pOCTOM 3 apllIHHa, MOXHaTbIH, He HMeJIOCb llIepCTH TOJIbKO Ha HOCY H Ha m;e- Kax, llIepCTb rYCTaH ,l(JIHHOH B nOJIBepllIKa, BeTY "tIepHOBa- Toro, Y Hor nepCTOB HeT, nHTbI BOCTpOBaTbIe, Y PYK nepCTbI C KorTHMH, ,l(JIH HcnbITaHHH pa3pe3bIBaJIH TeJIO, KOTopoe HMeeT BH,l( "tIepHOBaTOH, H KpOBb "tIepHaH, "tIY,l(OBHm;a cero OCTaBHJIH 6e3 npe,l(OxpaHeHHH Ha TOM MeCTe». lIoKa3aHHH OCTHKa <PaJIa.rreH JIbIKocoBa nOlliJIH B pa3- pe3 C nOKa3aHHHMH 06bIJIH. He OTBepraH, "tITO C 06bIJIeM XO,l(HJI Ha npOMbICeJI, OH «HHKaKoro "tIY,l(OBHm;a He HaXO,l(HJI H He BH,l(a.rr, KpOMe KaK BO CHe. lIo npo6ym,l(eHHH paCCKa3a.rr 06bIJIIO, KOTOpbIH, BepOHTHO, C cero HaHec CJIYX, HJIH, MO- meT, caM OH y6HJI TaKoro "tIY,l(OBHm;a». He nOBepHB <Pa.rra.rrelO, HM3HH CTapa.rrCH pa3bICKaTb, no YKa3aHHIO 06bIJIH, MeCTO, r,l(e y6HTO "tIY,l(OBHm;e, HO pa3bIC- KaTb He Mor. 06bIJIb ,l(aiKe npHMeT HHKaKHX He HallIeJI H BbIC- Ka3a.rr npe,l(nOJIOmeHHe, "tITO TO "tIY,l(OBHm;e KeM-JIH6o B3HTO. Mem,l(Y TeM HHTepec K "tIY,l(OBHm;y Bce B03paCTaJI. 3eM- CKHH CY,l( HaCTOH"tIHBO Tpe6oBa.rr OT 3aCeaTeJIH npe,l(CTaBHTb ero. A 3eMcKHH HcnpaBHHK, ycneBllIHH 3aHHTepeCOBaTb co- 6bITHeM To6oJIbCKOrO ry6epHaTopa, ,l(aeT KOH,l(HHCKOMY 3a- Ce,l(aTeJIIO CJIe,l(YIOm;ee npe,l(JIOmeHHe: «0 caMOM HaHHym- HeHllIeM » . « Qepe3 nOCJIaHHOrO MHOIO B To6oJIbCK C Ka3eHHbIMH 6y- MaraMH HapO"tIHbIM Ka3aKa $I nOJIy"tIHJI OT ero npeBOCXO,l(H- TeJIbCTBa rOCnO,l(HHa, COCTOHm;ero B ,l(OJImHOCTH rpam,l(aH- CKoro ry6epHaTopa, CBepx C,l(eJIaHHOrO HM MHe nHCbMeHHO- ro npe,l(nHCaHHH em;e CJIOBeCHOe npHKa3aHHe, "tITo6bI HenpeMeHHO HaHTH 3aCTpeJIeHHOe Ha npOMbICJIaX HHOpO,l(- 
_159 i aMH He06bIKHOBeHHOe qY,l(OBHe. A KaK OTKpbITHe OHoro B03JIOmeHO MHOIO Ha Bac, H 06 3rOM HMeeTe BbI rrpe,l(rrHCa- HHe KaK OT 3eMCKoro cY,l(a, TaK H OT MeHH c06cTBeHHo OT 8 H 29 qHCJIa HCTeKIlIero reHBapH 3a N2 10 H 33, HO,l(O CHX rrop He rrOJIyqeHO OT Bac HHKaKoro ,l(OHeCeHHH 0 rrOCJIe,l(CTBHHX BaIlIHX p03bICKOB, TO rr03TOMY 06'bHBJIHIO BaM 0 BbIIlIe03- HaqeHHOM rrpHKa3aHHH ero rrpeBOCXO,l(HTeJIbCTBa, H HaH- CTpomaHIlIe rrpe,l(rrHCbIBalO BaM yrroTpe6HTb BceB03MomHoe CTapaHHe K HerrpeMeHHeHIlIeMY OTbICKaHHIO 03HaqeHHOrO 3aCTpeJIeHHOrO qY,l(OBHa, HeB3HpaH HH Ha KaKHe HeB03- MomHOCTH, H60 B rrpOTHBHOM CJIyqae OrrpaB,l(aHHH B pe30H rrpHHHTbI He 6y,l(YT, a HarrpOTHB rrOCJIymaT ,l(OKa3aTeJIbCTBOM HepaCToporrHOCTH, 6e3,l(eHCTBHH H HepMeHHH. IIpHqeM 06H- 3bIBalO Bac, KOr,l(a HaH,l(eTe 3TO qy,l(OBHe, TO CTapaHTeCb KaK MomHO CO BcelO coxpaHHOCTblO ,l(OCTaBHTb OHoe B KOH- ,l(HHCK H TOTqaC me rrpHCJIaTb KO MHe HapOqHOrO C ,l(OHeCe- HHeM, H60 caM rrpH6y,l(y B KOH,l(HHCK ,l(JIH C,l(eJIaHHH rro 3TO- MY rrpe,l(MeTY ,l(aJIbHeHIlIero pacrropHmeHHH; B CJIyqae me HeOTbICKaHHH 3Toro qy,l(OBHa, TO BbI 6bI 0 rrOCJIe,l(CTBHHX BaIlIHX p03bICKOB, TaK H 0 rrpHqHHaX MOJIBbI 06 3TOM qy,l(O- BHe, OT qero TaKaH rrpOH30IlIJIa, ,l(OJImHbI co BcelO rro,l(p06- HOCTblO H HerrpeMeHHO ,l(OHeCTH MHe H 3eMcKoMY CY,l(Y. Brrpo- qeM, H OCTalOCb B Ha,l(em,l(e, qTO BaIlIe 6JIarOpO,l(He, yrroTpe- 6HB ,l(eHTeJIbHOCTb CBOIO H CTapaHHe K p03bICKY, He 3aCTaBHTe ce6H orrHCbIBaTb 03HaqeHHOH rrO,l(p06HOCTH, HO HaH,l(eTe H ,l(OCTaBHTe B HaType 03HaqeHHOe qy,l(OBHe». IIpe,l(rrHcaHHe HarrHcaHO 6epe30BCKHM 3eMCKHM HcrrpaB- HHKOM KyqepOBCKHM c06CTBeHHopyqHO, qeTKHM KpacHBbIM rrOqepKOM. A CTHJIb? TYT H ,n;eJIOBOe BCTyrrJIeHHe, rrpHKa3a- HHe, HHCTPYKHH, yKa38HHe Ha nOCJIe,l(CTBHH HeHCrrOJIHeHHH 
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163 i BepCTa CeMHaTa.H CJIe,n; K JIYKOMOphIO 06JIaCTb JIYKOMOPbH THHeTCH JIHHHOH IIOJIOCOH IIOJIe CeBepHOrO MOpH; ee 06HTaTeJIH mHBYT 6e3 BCH- KHX IIOCTpOeK B JIeCaX H IIOJIHX... rOBOpHT TaKme, qTO IIO TY CTOPOHY STOH peKH (TaxHHH) mHBYT JIIOH rpo- MaHbIX pa3MepOB, H3 KOTOpbIX OHH IIOKpbITbI IIJ;eTHHoH HaIIoo6He 3Be- peH, a PyrHe C C06aqbHMH rOJIOBa- MH, mHBYT OHH B IIO3eMHbIX ne- IIJ;epax. . . A1LelCcanop r6anbunu. Onucanue E6poneuclCou CapMamuu, 1578 z. MOH 3HaKOMbIe cTyeHTbI-HCTOpHKH MeHH He 3a6bIJIH H rrpHCJIaJIH rrHCbMO: «IIpHBeT BaM OT Hac H OJIbrH KOllIMa- HOBOH! MbI Ha KOHe H HeM KOMrrOJIeHa. OH 6pOHT re- TO rr06JIH30CTH. MeCTHbIe paCCKa3bIBaIOT, "tITO B Ha"tIaJIe BeKa OXOTHHKH H3 epeBHH KeCJIH 3aCTpeJII1JIH BOJIOCaTOro "tIeJIOBeKa rrO"tITH TpeXMeTpOBoro pOCTa. OH rreperryraJI Ha- CeJIeHHe, H Ha Hero YCTpOHJIH 06JIaBY. B epeBHHx BOJI"tIa- pbI H .A.rrTaH 3TY HCTOpHIO 3HalOT Bce, a raJIHHa AHpeeBHa Cypry"tIeBa ame BHeJIa MOrHJIY, re xaHTbI, KameTCH, 3a- XOpOHHJIH y6HToro. Ho eH Tora 6bIJIO JIeT rrHTOK, a pyrHx O"tIeBHeB He OCTaJIOCb. raJIHHa AHpeeBHa Ha3BaJIa HaM rrpHMeTbI 3axopOHeHHH: KYJIbTOBbIH aM6ap, CBHeHHbIH Kep C CYKOM, KaK 611BeHb MaMOHTa, H CBHeHHbIH 6op, B KOTOpOM OH paCTeT. Kora MbI Tya rrpHeXaJIl1, TaM yme rrOpa60TaJIa rpyrrrra "tIeJIH6I1HCKoro 611oJIora ABeeBa, Bce 
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i 1 7 4 H C JIYKOMOpbeM. HeymeJIH rr03T Ha CaMOM ,r(eJIe 3HaJI 0 JIy- KOMOpbe HerO 06HTaTeJIHX, a He BbIMbICJIHJI ero Ha ,r(ocyre? Borrpoc, ,r(OCTOHHbIH BHHMaHHH. BCrrOMHHJIOCb, "tITO y .ArreKcaH,r(pa CepreeBH"tIa IIYIlIKHHa HMeJICH ,r(ocTyrrHbIH HCTO"tlHHK HHcpOpMan;HH 0 60raTbIpHx H BeJIHKaHaX B cH6HpCKOH CTopOHe Ha 3eMJIHX BOryJIOB. BJIH3- KHH ,r(pyr H copaTHHK .ArreKCaH,r(pa IIYIlIKHHa rro JIHTepaTYP- HOMY KpymKY « 3eJIeHaH JIaMrra» HHKOJIaii MHxaHJIoBH"tI Ka- paM3HH rrHCaJI rro 3TOMY rrOBO B c03,r(aBaeMoH HM «MCTOPHH rOCY,r(apCTBa POCcHHcKoro», B rJIaBe «IIepBoe 3aBoeBaHHe CH6HPH»: «.. .Me:>K TeM 3aBOeBaTeJIH cH6HpCKHe He rrpa3,r(- HO m,r(aJIH ,r(06PbIX BeCTeH H3 POCCHH: XO,r(HJIH peKOlO TaB,r(OlO B 3eMJIlO BoryJIH"tIeH. BJIH3 YCTbH ceH peKH rocrrO,r(CTBOBaJIH KHH3b.H TaTapCKHe, JIa6yraH H IIe"tleHer, pa36HTbIe EpMaKOM B ,r(eJIe KpOBOrrpOJIHTHOM, Ha 6epery 03epa, r,r(e, KaK YBepHeT rrOBeCTBOBaTeJIb, H B ero BpeMH ew;e JIemaJIO MHomeCTBO KOC- TeH "tIeJIOBe"tleCKHx.Ho p06KHe BOryJIH"tIH... YBa:>KaJIH TOJIbKO JIlO,r(eH 60raTbIX H pa3YMHbIX... He MeHee YBa:>KaJIH H MHHMbIX BOJIXBOB, H3 KOHX O,r(HH, C 6JIarOCKJIOHHOCTblO B3HpaH Ha Ep- MaKa, 6Y,r(TO 6bI rrpe,r(cKa3aJI eMY ,r(OJIrOBpeMeHHYlO CJIaBY, HO YMOJI"tIaJI 0 6JIH3KOH ero cMepTH. 3,r(ecb 6aCHOCJIOBHe H306pe- JIO ew;e rHraHTOB Mem,r(Y KapJIaMH BorYJIbCKHMH (H60 :>KHTe- JIH ceH ne"tlaJIbHOH 3eMJIH He 6bIBalOT HH B ,r(Ba apllIHHa POC- TOM): rrHllIyr, "tITO pocCHHHe 6JIH3 ropo,r(a Ta6apHHcKoro C H3YM- JIeHHeM YB8JIH BeJIHKaHa B ,r(Be ca.m:eHH BbIIlIHHOlO, KOTOpbIH XBaTaJI PYKOIO H ,r(aBHJI B,r(Pyr "tIeJIOBeK no ,r(eCHTH H 60JIee, "tITO OHH He Mor JIH B3HTb ero mHBoro H 3aCTpeJIHJIH » . «Bo06w;e H3BeCTHe 0 ceM rroxo,r(e He BeCbMa ,r(OCTOBep- HO, HaXO,r(HCb TOJIbKO B rrpH6aBJIeHHH K CH6HpCKOH JIeTO- rrHCH», - rrpHMe"tlaeT H.M. KapaM3HH. 
_175 i MO:>KeT, OHO H TaK, HO.z+1IH Hac Ba.m:HO OTMeTHTb, tITO IIYIlI- KHH, ,ZJ;PY:>KHBIlIHH He TOJIbKO C CaMHM KapaM3HHbIM, HO H C ero ceMeHCTBOM, Mor HMeTb (H BrrOJIHe BepOHTHO, tITO HMeJI) ,ZJ;ocTyrr K HHcpopMaHH, Ha ,ZJ;BYX ,ZJ;eCHTKax CTpOK KOTOpOH COIlIJIHCb H 6bIJIHHHbIH BHTH3b, H BOJIXOBaTeJIb, H KOJI,ZJ;YH, H KapJIbI-BorYJIbI, H BeJIHKaH B ,ZJ;Be ca.m:eHH pOCTOM, - rOTO- BbIH cro:>KeT ,ZJ;JIH «PYCJIaHa H JIro,ZJ;MHJIbI». M IIYIlIKHH, CtIH- TaBIlIHH, tITO HCTOpHH rrpHHMJIe:>KHT rr03TY, He 38Me,ZJ;JIHJI 3THM BOCrrOJIb30BaTbCH. BepCTa BoceMHaTaH PO)); IIymKHHbIX MHTe)KHbIH KTO 6 HH 6:bIJI Bam po.n;OHaq8.JIb- HHK: MCTHCJIaB, KHH3b Kyp6cKHH HJIb EpMaK... A.C. II YWKUIl. POOOCJl081laR Moezo zepOR rOp.n;HTbCH CJIaBOIO CBOHX IIpe.n;- KOB He TOJIbKO MomHO, HO H .n;OJIm- HO; He YBamaTb OHOH eCTb nOCTbI.n;- Hoe MaJIo.n;ymHe... BeCKOp:bICTHaH MbICJIb, qTO BHYKH 6y.n;YT YBamae- MbI 3a HMH, HaMH HM nepe.n;aHHoe, He eCTb JIH 6JIaropo.n;HeHmaH Ha- .n;em.n;a qeJIOBeqeCKOrO cep.n;a? A.C. II YZUKUIl B CTpOKax, B3HTbIX 3rrHrpacpOM K 3TOH rJIaBe, B03MO:>K- HO, rrpHtIeTCH KOHtIHK OT HHTOtIKH, CBH3bIBaroeH Boe,ZJ;HHO rrYIlIKHHCKHe « Y JIYKOMOPbH», .CKa3KY 0 ape CaJITaHe» H .BopHca rO,n;YHOBa». IIorrpo6yeM pa3BH3aTb 3TOT HHKeM 
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177 t . 03HaKOMHThCH C reHeaJIOrHeH po.n;a IIYIIIKHHhIX H .n;PY- u rHX .n;BOpHHCKHX pO.n;OB n03T Mor no HMeBIIIeHCH Y Hero KHH- re C .n;OBOJIhHO .n;JIHHHhIM Ha3BaHHeM: «1. PO.n;OCJIOBHYIO KHH- ry, co6paHHYIO H COqHHeHHYIO B Pa3pH.n;e npH ape <l>e.n;ope A.n:eKceeBHqe H no BpeMeHaM .n;onOJIHHeMYIO, H KOTopaH H3- BeCTHa no,lJ; Ha3BaHHeM BapxaTHoH KHHrH; 2. PocnHch aJI- cpaBHTHYIO TeM cpaMHJIHHM, OT KOTOphIX PO.n;OCJIOBHhIe POC- nHCH B Pa3pH.n; no.n;aHhI, C nOKa3aHHeM, oTKy.n;a Te pO.n;bI npo- H30IIIJIH, HJIH BbIeXaJIH, HJIH 0 KOTOphIX H3BeCTHH HeT; TaK:>Ke, KaKHe pO.n;hI OT Tex pO.n;OB npOH30IIIJIH, no KaKHM CJIyqaHM Ha3BaHHH CBOH npHHHJIH, H HaKOHe, no.n; KaKHM HOMepOM Te pO.n;OCJIOBHhIe Haxo.n;HTCH B Pa3pH.n;HoM apXH- Be; 3. PocnHch, B KOTOpOH BhIe3:>KHe pO.n;hI nOKa3aHbI Bce BMeCTe, no MeCT8.M HX BhIe3.n;a... H3.n;aHHaH no CaMOBepHefl- IIIHMcnHCKaM. "tI.1. MocKBa.1787». Ha3BaHHe 3TOH KHHrH onpe.n;eJIHeT ee co.n;epmaHHe H ro- BOpHT caMO 3a ce6H. HMeJIaCh B Hefl H pocnHCh po.n;a IIYIlI- u KHHhIX, H3 KOTOpOH OH Mor H3BJIeKaTh CBe.n;eHHH 0 CBOHX npe,l];KaX H po.n;CTBeHHHKax. H, BH.n;HMO, He CJIyqaRHO, qTO B CBoeM TBOpqeCTBe IIYIIIKHH Heo.n;HOKpaTHO 06paw;aJICH K 3aCJIyraM npe.n;KOB H HX CJIaBHhIM .n;eHHHHM B HCTOpHH POC- CHHCKOH. «HMH npe.n;KOB MOHX BCTpeqaeTCH nOMHHYTHO B HaIIIeH HCTOpHH, - nHC8.,TI A.C. IIYIlIKHH B "HaqaJIe HOBOH aBTo6HorpacpHH". - B MaJIOM qHCJIe 3HaTHbIX pO.n;OB, ye- JIeBIIIHX OT KpOBaBhIX onaJI MBaHa BaCHJIheBHqa rp03HO- ro, HCTopHorpacp HMeHyeT H IIYIlIKHHhIX». HCTopHorpacp - HecoMHeHHoA.M. KapaM3HH, «MCTO- pHIO rocy.n;apCTBa POCCHHCKoro» KOToporo IIYIIIKHH BHHMa- TeJIhHO H3yq8.JI H 3nH30.n;hI H3 KOTOpOH HCnOJIb30B8.JI B pH,l];e u CBOHX npOH3Be.n;eHHH. 
i 1 7 8 ,n:eHCTBHTeJIbHO, ,n;peBHHH, HO He oc06eHHO 3HaTHbIH po,n; IIYIlIKHHbIX OT KpOBaBbIX onaJI rp03Horo nOtITH He nOCTpa- ,n;aJI, HO ero He MHHOBaJIH CypOBble rOHeHHH BopHca ro,n;y- HOBa, y,n;aJIeHHe OT TpoHa H nOtIeTHaH CCbIJIKa, HMeHyeMaH CH6HpCKOH CJIym60H. COBepllIeHHO He CJIytIaHHO B YCTa CBO- ero npe,n;Ka, BbIBe,n;eHHoro B ,n;paMe «BOPHC rO,n;YHOB) no,n; HMeHeM AcpaHaCHH MHXaHJIOBHtIa IIYIlIKHHa (npaBHJIbHO OCTacpHH), n03T BJIOmHJI ropbKHe CJIOBa: « ¥BepeHbI JIH MbI B 6e,n;HOH mH3HH HallIeH? Hac Kam,n;bIH ,n;eHb onaJIa omH,n;a- eT, TlOpbMa, CH6HPb, KJI06YK HJIb KaH,n;aJIbI. A TaM B rJIY- IlIH rOJIo,n;Ha CMepTb HJIb neTJIH. 3HaTHeHllIHe Mem HaMH pO,n;bI - r,n;e?) ,n:eHCTBHTeJIbHO, r,n;e? KOHetIHO me B CH6HP- CKOH CCbIJIKe. IIepBble CCbIJIbHble H3 3HaTH: B IIeJIbIM co- CJIaHbI rO,n;YHOBbIM ,n;Ba 6paTa POMaHoBblx, MBaH H BacH- JIHH HHKHTHtIH, po,n;Hble 6paTbH naTpHapxa (f>HJIapeTa, oTa apH MHXaHJIa (f>e,n;opOBHtIa (H3 HHX BaCHJIHH YMep B TeMHHe B 1601 ro,n;y, BepOHTHO, HaCHJIbCTBeHHoH CMep- TblO, a MBaH B TOM me, 1601 ro,n;y B03Bparn;eH B MOCKBY H ,n;o CMepTH CBoeH COCTOHJI B BamHblX ,n;OJImHOcTHx). BCJIe,n; 3a 60HpaMH POMaHoBbIMH, qepKaccKHMH, CHKHMH H ,n;py- rHMH 6bIJIH COCJIaHbI B CH6Hpb OCTacpHH MHXaHJIOBHtI C CbIHOM BJIYKOM H 6paTbHMH H BaCHJIHH HHKHTHtI IIYIlIKH- HbI, BnOCJIe,l];CTBHH 6bIBllIHe BoeBo,n;aMH: nepBbIH B T060JIb- CKe, BTOpOH B HKYTCKe. B 1603 ro,n;y Ha 3aMeHY nOtIHBllIe- MY OCTacpHIO fO,n;YHOB nOCJIaJI B T060JIbCK ero MJIa,n;llIero 6paTa HHKHTY MHXaHJIOBHtIa, KOTOpbIH CJIymHJI TaM ,n;o 1605 ro,n;a. Pa3YMeeTcH, Bce Bble3maJIH B CCbIJIKY C ceMbH- MH: meHaMH H ,n;eTbMH. CCbIJIKa B CH6Hpb nepBoe BpeMH He HMeJIa 3HatIeHHH ,l];JIH 3aCeJIeHHH CTpaHbI, HO elO npaBHTeJIb- CTBO XOTeJIO H36aBHTbCH OT JIlO,n;eH 6ecnOKOHHbIX HJIH onac- 
_179 i HbIX, KOTOpbIX He XOTeJIO nO,r(BeprHYTb CMepTHOH Ka3HH. II03TOMY B nepBoe BpeMH B CH6Hpb CCbIJIaJIHCb JIIO,r(H 3Ha- qHTeJIbHble H rOCY,r(apCTBeHHble. Ern;e He ycneJIa 3apaCTH TpaBoH H 3a6bITbcH MOrHJIa Ep- MaKa, KaK nOCJIe JIOmHOrO ,r(OHoca CJIyr no YKa3Y apH Bo- pHca OTnpaBHJIHCb B He06mHTYIO H HeBe,r(OMYIO CH6Hpb co BceMH CBOHMH ceMbHMH 6paTbH IIYllIKHHbI, BO rJIaBe co CTapllIHM OCTacpHeM MHXaHJIOBHqeM, KOTOPOMY npe,r(CTO- HJIO BoeBO,r(CTBOBaTb B T060JIbCKe,r(0 1602 rO,r(a, Kor,r(a TeJIO ero npHHHJIa XOJIO,r(HaH cH6HpcKaH 3eMJIH. C Tex nop Ha npOTHmeHHH MHorHX H MHorHX JIeT pO,r( IIYllIKHHbIX pery- JIHpHO 6bIJI CBH3aH HJIH co CJIym60H, HJIH C «MecTonpe6bI- BaHHeM» B cH6HpCKOH npOBHHHH, 0 KOTOpOH XO,r(HJIH CJIY- XH caMble HeBepOHTHble. Ern;e B HaqaJIbHOH JIeTOnHCH npHBO,r(HTCH paCCKa3 HOB- ropo,r(a rlOpHTbI: «lOrpa - Hapo,r(, rOBOpHrn;HH HenOHHTHO H mHBeT B coce,r(CTBe C CaMOH,r(blO B ceBepHbIX cTpaHax.lOrpa paCCKa3bIBaJIa MoeMY OTPOKY: ".. .ECTb ropbI, 3aXO,r(Hrn;He B JIYKY MOpH (JIYKoMopbe. - A.3.), HM me BbICOTa,r(O He6ec. IIYTb K TeM ropaM HenpOXO,r(HM H3-3a nponacTeH, CHerOB H JIeCoB". C Tex ,r(aBHHX BpeMeH YCTaHOBHJIHCb KOHTaKTbI HOB- ropO,r(ll;eB C IOropcKoH H MaHra3eHCKOH 3eMJIeH. B H3BeCTHOM CKa3aHHH XV BeKa «0 qeJIOBeeX He3HaeMblX B BOCTOqHOH CTpaHe H 0 H3bIex p03HbIX » MaHra3e.H onHcaHa yme K8.K xo- pOlliO H3BeCTHaH 3eMJIH: «Ha BOCTOqHOH CTpaHe 3a IOrop- CKOIO 3eMJIelO H MopeM mHBYT JIIO,r(H CaMoH,r(b, 30BOMbI MoroH3HH, a H,r( HX MHCO OJIeHbe, ,r(a pbI6a, ,r(a MemH C060H ,r(Pyr ,r(Pyra e,r(HT, H rOCTb K HHM OTKY,r(a nHpe,r(eT H OHH ,r(eTH CBOH 3aKJIalOT ,r(JIH rocTeH,,r(a TeM KOpMHT, a KOTOpOH rOCTb Y HHX YMpeT, H OHH Toro C'be,r(aIOT, H B 3eMJIIO He XOpOHHT, a 
i 180 CBOHX TaKO me. CHH JIIO,lI;H He BeJIHKH B03paCTOM, nJIOCKO- BH,lI;HhI, HOChI MaJIhI, HO pe3BhI BeJIhMH H CTpeJIn;hI cnophI H ropa3,l1;hI, a e3,l1;HT Ha OJIeHHX H Ha co6aKax. A nJIaThe HOCHT C060JIHe H OJIeHhe, a TOBap HX C060JIH" . A TOBap HX - C060JIH. IIoHMaTh ,lI;eCHTKa ,lI;Ba ce,ll;hIX co- 60JIeH n;eHoH no 5 Py6JIeH Kam,ll;hIH HJIH napy tlepHocepe6- pHCThIX JIHCHn; py6JIeH no 50 - nepcneKTHBa H3 caMhIX 3a- MaHtlHBhIX. IIocJIe TaKOH Y,lI;atlH BtlepalliHHH 60CHK CTaHO- BHJICH 60ratlOM! ,n:ecHTHHa 3eMJIH CTOHJIa 1 Py6JIh, JIOIlIa,ll;h - 2 py6JIH, xopOlliaH H36a - 10 py6JIeH. A norra- ,lI;aJIHCh H3pe,ll;Ka tlepHhIe JIHChI OT 100,ll;o 500 py6JIeH no MOCKOBCKHM n;eHaM. ECTecTBeHHo, tlTO 60raTcTBa MaHra3eH ,lI;aBHO rrpHBJIe- KaJIH K HeH npOMhIlliJIeHHHKOB. Ho MOCKOBCKoe npaBHTeJIh- CTBO 06paTHJIO K HeH B30p JIHilih B 1598 ro,ll;y, KOr,ll;a n;aph <I>e,ll;op HoaHHOBHtI OTnpaBHJI B MaHra3elO H EHHcelO <I>e,ll;o- pa ,n:hHKoBa C TOBapHaMH ,lI;JIH npOBe,ll;hIBaHHH 3THX CTpaH H ,lI;JIH 06JIOmeHHH TaMOIlIHHX HHOpO,ll;n;eB HcaKOM. ,n:hHKOB B03BpaTHJICH B MOCKBY B 1600 ro,ll;Y. OH me, BepOHTHO, nep- BhIH C006HJI npaBHTeJIhCTBY, tlTO nYCT03epn;hI, BhIMHtlH H ,lI;pyrHe ToprOBhIe JIIO,lI;H yme HaJIOmHJIH PYKY Ha MaHra- u u 3eHCKYIO H eHHceHCKYIO CaMOH,lI;h. I1p030pJIHBhIH H ,lI;aJIhHOBH,lI;HhIH n;aph BOpHC <I>e,ll;opo- BHtI B TOM me, 1600 ro,ll;Y pelliHJICH CHapH,lI;HTh 3Kcrre,ll;HHIO B MaHra3elO ,lI;JIH OCHOBaHHH B YCThe peKH Ta3 OCTpora H TaMomeHHOH 3aCTaBhI. H 6hITh no TOMY. JleToM 1600 rO,ll;a OTnJIDIJIH H3 To6oJIbCKa Ha Tpex KO- JIOMeHKax H O,ll;HOM KOtle KHH3h MHpOH illaxoBcKoH H ,n:a- HHJIa XpHnYHoB, a C HHMH ChIH 60HPCKHH, aTaMaH H COTHH CJIymHJIhIX. 
181 i CnYCTHJIHCb MYTHbIM HpTbIIliOM H 6bICTpOH 06bID O Bepe30Ba, re HX yme nOmHaJIH Ka3aKH Ha qeTbIpeX KO- qax. H BMeCTe nOnJIbIJIH Ha nOHH30BbH. EBa Kopa6JIHKH BbIIliJIH H3 06H B 6YPHYID ry6y, KaK HanpOTHB JIYKOMOPCKO- ro 6epera nOTepneJIH meCTOKOe KpYllIeHHe: nOTepHJIH nHTb CYOB BMeCTe C npHnaCaMH. BMeCTe C OCeHHeH HenOrOOH nocTynaJIH MOp03bI H nJIbITb aJIee CTaHOBHJIOCb OnaCHbIM H 6e3paCCYHbIM, nOCKOJIbKY O MaHra3eH HaO 6bIJIO ee nJIbITb H nJIbITb. "t{To6bI He BMep3HYTb B JIe H OCTaTbCH B mHBbIX, ,l);OraaJIHCb B03BpaTHTbCH Ha3a K I1aHTyeBY ro- POKY . H3 3Toro HeH3BeCTHor.o HaM ropOKa, IDaxOBCKOH C XPH- u nYHOBbIM nOCJIaJIH apID H3BeCTHe 0 CBoeH HeY,l);aqe B nJIaBa- HHH no 06CKOMY MOpID: «OCT8.JIOCb Hac, - nHIlIYT OHH, - ,l);Ba KOqa H nHTb KOJIOMeHOK H Te KOqH MopeM He XOHT; a K TeM KOqaM B To6oJIbCKe H Bepe30Be aHO eCHTb HKopeH H eCHTb MaJIbIX napYCOB, KaHaTOB H BepeBOK MaJIO H JIH MOp- CKoro XO,l);a Ho6HO B npH6aBKY. . . » I1HCaJIH TaKme, qTO OHH nOCJIaJIH Ka3aKOB B 06oPY K OCTHKaM H B MaHra3eID Ha OJIeHHX, H eCJIH nOBObI 6YYT, TO OHH TOID me 3HMOID OCTHrHYT MaHra3eH, a eCJIH caMO- e,l);bI C OJIeHHMH He HBHTCH, TO HM IIpHeTCH omHaTbCH B I1aHTyeBe napYCOB H HKopeH H3 To6oJIbCKa. C 3Toro roa Hyma cH6HpCKoro <pJIOTa B HKOpHX CTaJIa nOCTOHHHO B03paCTaTb H OKa3aJIaCb TaK BeJIHKa, qTO npH- IlIJIOCb CneHaJIbHO C03aBaTb HKOpHbIH 3aBO B BepXOTYPbe. Bce-TaKH Ka3aKH 06paJIHCb O 06opCKa H npHBeJIH oTTya OCTHKOB C OJIeHHMH K I1aHTyeBY ropOKY. SKcneH- HH IDaXOBCKoro H XpHnYHOBa OTnpaBHJIaCb K MaHra3e:ti- CKOMY 6epery caHHbIM nYTeM. 
i 182 OHaKO HeMHpHbIe MaHra3eHCKHe CaMOebI HeOmaHHO HarraJIH Ha He3BaHbIX rrpHllIeJIbeB H B meCTOKOH 6HTBe pa3- rpOMHJIH 3KCrreHHID. OT OCTHKOB 6epe30BCKHH BOeBOa rrpOBeaJI rrpo pa3rpOM H CrrelliHO OHeC B MOCKBY 0 6ee: «rrpH Hyme y6HJIH 30 qeJIOBeK Ka3aKOB, a KHH3b MHpOH YllIeJI paHeH, a C HHM 60 qeJIOBeK Ka3aKOB, rrMqH Ha OJIe- HeH, a rrpo ,n:aHHJIa He BeaIDT paHeH JIH HJIH He paHeH» . Co06eHHe 0 rrpOBaJIe MaHra3eHCKOH aKHH rrpaBHTeJIb- CTBa BCTpeBOmHJIO BopHca rOYHOBa. ,n:JIH BOCCTaHOBJIeHHH PYCCRHX rr03HHH B MaHra3ee CJIeOBaJIO rrpHHHMaTb CaMbIe CpOqHbIe MepbI. Hayaqy KaK pa3 B 3TO BpeMH CHapHma- JIHCb Ha cJIym6y B T060JIbCK 3Ha THbIe BoeBObI <Peop HBa - HOBHq IDepeMeTeB H OCTa<pHH MHXaHJIOBHq I1YIlIKHH. Ta- ROH ym 6bIJI 06bIqaH y MOCKBbI: Ha3HaqaTb OHOBpeMeHHO BYX BoeBO B OHH ropo, qT06bI HH OHOMY H3 HHX rrOJIHO- ro eHHOBJIaCTHH B rrpOBHHHH He aBaTb H 06eCrreqHTb B3a- HMHbIH KOHTpOJIb correpHHKOB rro BoeBOCTBY. Ha rrpoaHHe BoeBObI H C HHMH bHK THMo<peH Kypa- KHH rrOJIyqHJIH apCKHH HaKa3 H3 MHorHX CTaTeH, H3 coep- maHHH KOTOpbIX CJIeyeT, qTO BOeBOaM OKa3bIBaJIOCb BbI- COqaHllIee OBepHe MOHapxa. BOeBOaM rropyqaJIHCb paTHbIe JIIDH, XJIe6HbIH 3arrac H eHemHaH Ka3Ha JIH T060JIbCKa, TapbI, Cypryra H Bepe30Ba, HO CTporo rrperrHCbIBaJIOCb rrpM- HHTb MepbI, qT06bI CJIymHJIbIe JIIDH «He qHHHJIH HaCHJIb- CTBa H rrpoamH H y6bITKOB HHopoaM, K KOTOpbIM CJIeyeT JIaCKY H rrpHBeT epmaTb». I1poHHaTeJIbHbIH rocyapb H3 MOCKBbI pa3rJIHeJI HCTHHHYID rrpHqHHY rrpOBaJIa 3KcrreH- HH IDaXOBCKoro H XpHrrYHOBa, HO MbICJIH cBoeH 06 YTBep- meHHH MOCKOBCKOH BJIaCTH B MaHra3ee He OCTaBHJI. <Peo- py IDepeMeTeBY If OCTacpHID I1YIlIKHHY BpyqaeTCH «IIaMHTb 
_183 i o Ha3HaqeHHH B MaHra3elO BOeBOaMH KHH3H BaCHJIHH Mo- CaJIbCKOrO H CaBJIYKa IIYllIKHHa.Ha CMeHY KHH3H MHpOHa lIIaxoBcKoro H .D:aHHJIbI XpHIIYHOBa». HaqaBllIHHcH BeCHOH 1601 roa IIOXO Ha MaHra3elO 6bIJI opraHH30BaH yme OCHOBaTeJIbHee. BepxoTYPCKOMY BoeBoe IIpHKa3aHO 6bIJIO IIpHrOTOBHTb «JIH MaHra3eH- CKoro xoa» 15 KOqeH, a H3 IIepMH BeJIeHO OTlIpaBHTb B BepxoTYPbe llIeCTb HKopeH. BOeBOaM <PeoPY llBaHOBHqy lIIepeMeTeBY H OCTacpHIO MHXaHJIOBHqy IIYllIKHHY BeJIeHO B HpOCJIaBJIe H BOJIore KYIIHTb Bce He06xoHMoe JIH 3KClIeHHH. STHM BoeBoaM IIpeIIHCbIBaJIOCb IIpH6bITb B BepxoTYPbe ern;e 3HMHHM IIY- TeM, IIpOBepHTb KaqeCTBO CTpOHTeJIbCTBa KOqeH, qT06bI C HaqarrOM HaBHraHH OTlIpaBHTbCH B T060JIbCK. «A IIpH6bIB B T060JIbCK, HM HalIepe Bcex eJI BbIqeCTb YKa3 0 MaHra- 3eHCKOH IIOCbIJIKe H 110 TOMY YKa3Y Ha MeCTO KHH3H MHpoHa H .D:aHHJIa OTIIYCTHTb TOTqaC B MaHra3elO KHH3H BaCHJIHH MOCaJIbCKOrO a CaBJIYKa IIYllIKHHa H HaKa3 HM aTb OT ce6H H CJIymHJIbIX JIIOeH OTIIYCTHTb C HHMH Ha IIepeMeHY TeM, KOTopbIe IIOCJIaHbI C KHH3eM MHpOHOM H .D:aHHJIOM» . HOBbIe T060JIbCKHe BoeBObI B TOqHOCTH BbIIIOJIHHJIH apCKYIO BOJIIO, H JIeTOM 1601 roa B MaHra3elO BHHYJIaCb BTopaH 3KClIeHHH IIO BOHTeJIbCTBOM 6bIBllIero T060JIb- CKoro IIHCbMeHHoro rOJIOBbI BaCMJIMH MOCaJIbCKOrO, 110 IIpO- 3BMrn;y Py6e, H CaBJIYKa IIYllIKHHa (BJIYKa, CbIHa OCTacpHH IIYllIKMHa. - A.3.), a C HHMM Ha KOqaX 200 qeJIOBeK JIHT- BbI, Ka3aKOB H CTpeJIbOB, opymHe H CHapHmeHMe. IIpe- CTOHJIO HM IIJIbITb o Bepe30Ba, B3HTb TaM 6epe30BCKHX H cyprYTCKHX CJIymHJIbIX JIIOeH, IIpOBOHHKOB H TOJIMaqeM, « a M3 Bepe30Ba HTM B MaHra3elO H EHHcelO peKOIO 06blO If 
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i 200 Ke H HCKYCCTBe HapOAOB CH6HpH. Ero HenpeAB3.HThIe 06roeK- u THBHhIe 3anHCH He nOTepHJIH CBoeH 3HaqHMOCTH H B HaCTO- HIQee BpeMH. qHTaH MHJIJIepa, IIYllIKHH Y3H8JI, qTO BO Bpe- MeHa npHcoeAHHeHHH CH6HpCKoro apCTBa ero np8.BHTeJIeH Ha PYCH OtPHHaJIhHO HMeHOBaJIH « CH6HPCKHMH C8JITaHa- MH » . B KHHre MHJIJIepa Ha CTpaHHax 70 H 11 7 KYM He- OAHOKpaTHO Ha3BaH «CH6HPCKHM CaJITaHOM». HecoMHeH- HO, IIYllIKHH xopomo 3HaJI KHHry MHJIJIepa. B 1825 rOAY IIO npoch6e KOHApaTHH PhIJIeeBa OH peeH3HpOBaJI ero no- aMY «BOHHapOBCKHH». B OTBeT Ha 3aMeqaHHH IIYllIKHHa PhIJIeeB nHC8JI: «BJIarOAapID Te6H, MHJI'hIH qapOAeH, 3a TBOH 3aMeqaHHH Ha BOHHapOBCKoro - ThI BO MHorOM npaB co- BepllIeHHO, oc06eHHO rOBopH 0 MHJIJIepe... » o MHJIJIepe IIYllIKHH ynoMHHaJI B nHChMe K BH3eMCKO- MY B MapTe 1830 rOAa H B Ha6pocKax CTaThH 0 illanne Ae OTpollie - a66aTe, COBepllIHBllIeM B 1761 rOAY nYTellIe- CTBHe B T060JIhCK H H3AaBmeM B AMcTepAaMe KHrHY « IIy- TellIeCTBHe B CH6Hph». qT06hI nHcaTh 06 H3BeCTHhIX nYTe- llIeCTBeHHHKax, He06xoAHMhI BhICOKaH KOMneTeHTHOCTh H HHtPOpMHpoBaHHocTh 06 HX AeJIax H KHHrax. IIYllIKHH aTH- MH KaqeCTBaMH 06JI8,lI;aJI B AOCTaTKe, H OT ero BHHMaHHH He MOrJIa YCKOJIh3HYTh rpaMOTa HBaHa IV CTporaHoBhIM, B KOTOpOH KyqYM Ha3BaH «CH6HPCKHM CaJITaHOM». He06hIQHhIH THTYJI 3anOMHHJICH IIoaTY H KorAa OH 38,l1;Y- MaJI «CKa3KY», IIpHCBOHJI ee rJIaBHOMY repOID Heo6hIKHOBeH- Hoe HMH, OAHOBpeMeHHO 0603HaQaIDee H apCKHH THTYJI: aph C8JITaH - aph IJ:aph. IIpaBHJIhHO 6hIJIO 6hI IIHcaTh IJ:aph (CaJITaH). 3H8JI JIH IIYllIKHH HCTHHHoe 3HaQeHHe CJIO- Ba (cCaJITaH»? ,n:YMaeTCH, 3HaJI. B CH6HpCKOH qepenaHOBC- KOH JIeTOIIHCH, C KOTOpOH IIYllIKHH 6&111 3HaKOM H KOTopaH 
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_203 i BepCTa BaTaH 110 MOpro, no OKHHHY A JIemHT Ham IIYTb .n;aJIeK BOCBOHCH Ha BOCTOK, MHMO OCTpOBa BYHHa, B apCTBO CJIaBHOrO CaJITaHa. A.C. II YWKUH. CKa3Ka 0 qape CaJlmaHe ECJIH CTOJIHn;a n;apH CaJITaHa MOrJIa HaXOHTbCH Ha Hp- TbIllIe, B HCKepe HJIH To6oJIbCKe, TO nJIbITb B Hee «BOCBOH- CH» H Ha BOCTOK MomHO 6bIJIO eHHCTBeHHbIM H3BeCTHbIM PYCCKHM MopexoaM OKeaHOM - CeBepHbIM JIeoBHTbIM, HJIH, KaK ero ee HHora Ha3bIBaJIH, OKeaHOM-MopeM CTY- eHbIM. IIoTBepmeHHe TOMY MbI HaHeM BO MHorHX JIe- TonHCHX. B ApXaHreJIOrOpOCKOM JIeTOnHCn;e coepmHTCH coo6eHHe: «B JIeTO 7005 (1497) KHH3b BeJIHKHH HBaH BaCHJIbeBHq BceH PYCH nOCJlaJI nOCJIOB K aTCKOMY KOpO- JIIO... H OHH npHIlIJIH Ha BHHY, OKOJIO CBOHCKoro KOpOJIeB- CTBa H OKOJIO MYPMaHCKoro HOCY MopeM-aKHHHOM ». XOHJIH «MopeM-aKHHHOM» H Ha BOCTOK. JIeToM 1601 roa npOMbIIlIJIeHHbIH qeJIOBeK nHHemaHHH JIeBKa HBaHoB IIIy6HH, np03BHe IIJIexaH, C TOBapHaMH B qHC- JIe 40 qeJIOBeK BbIllIeJI Ha qeTbIpex KOqaX H3 YCTbH CeBep- HOH BHHbI «60JIbIlIHM MopeM-OKHHHOM» Ha BOCTOK... IIJIe- xaH coo6aJI, qTO OKOJIO OCTpOBa BaHraq «PYCCKHe JIIOH B MaHra3elO He XOHT, nOTOMY qTO OTOllIeJI ,n;aJIeKO B Mope, ,n;a H JIbbI BeJIHKHe CTOHT. A XOHT "lOropcKHM IIIapoM", npH6pemHbIM K MaTepHKY BoaMH. Ha OCTpOBe Baiiraq MeCTO nYCToe, JIIOeH HeT». 
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i 218 q TO me 3TO 3a CTpaHHble Kyrrbl, ToprYIOru;He qHCTblM cepe6pOM H 3JIaTOM, ,l];a eru;e B COqeTaHHH C opymHeM? Ac- copTHMeHT, rrpHMO CKameM, He06blqHblH. lIo Tpa,n;HHH, Ha060pOT, KOHeqHOH eJIblO ToprOBOH C,l];eJIKH ,l];JIH Kyrra HBJIHJIOCb rrOJIyqeHHe, HaKOrrJIeHHe KaK MomHO 60JIbillerO KOJIHqeCTBa ,l];parOeHHOCTeH, 30JIOTa. 11 HeOp,l];HHapHOe CO- qeTaHHeTOBapOB:6YJIaT,Cepe6po,30JIOTO. CJIOBO « 6y JIa T», HCKameHHoe « cpy JIa,l];», rro-rrepCH,l];CKH 3HaqHT «CTaJIb». B ,l];peBHOCTH CJIaBHJICH xopacaHCKHH rrepCH,l];CKHH 6YJIaT.llpaHcKHe Kyrrbl TOprOBaJIH 6YJIaTHbl- MH xopacaHCKHMH KJIHHKaMH rro BceMY MHPY. TOBap ,l];JIH rrepCOB Tpa,l];HHOHHbIH. Ho BOT He06blqHaH TOprOBJIH «qH- CTblM cepe6pOM H 3JIa TOM» ,l];JIH rrepCOB CTaJIa BbIHym,l];eH- HOH. Co BpeMeHH YTBepm,l];eHHH HCJIaMa B IJ:eHTpaJIbHOH H MaJIOH A3HH ,l];parOeHHble rrocY,l];a H opymHe, IOBeJIHpHble YKpaIlleHHH C H306pameHHeM qeJIOBeKa, mHBOTHoro HJIH rrTHbl CTaJIH ,l];JIH HX BJIa,n;eJIbeB rrpe,l];MeTaMH HemeJIaTeJIb- HblMH H orracHblMH.llCJIaM 3arrperu;aJI ,l];epmaTb HX B ,l];OMe H rrpH ce6e rro,l]; yrp030H CTporOH Kapbl 3a H,l];OJIOrrOKJIOHCTBO. YHHqTOmaTb eHHble rrpOH3Be,l];eHHH IOBeJIHpHOrO HCKYCCT- Ba 6blJIO 6bl Hepa3YMHbIM paCTOqHTeJIbCTBOM. 11 TOr,l];a ce- pe6po, 30JIOTO H opymHe xopacaHCKOH BbI,l];eJIKH H3BOpOT- JIHBble rrepCH,l];CKHe Kyrrbl rrOBe3JIH B CTpaHbl rrOJIYHoru;HbIe, r,l];e HM HMeJICH ,l];OCTOHHbIH 3KBHBaJIeHT ToprOBoro 06Me- Ha - Mexa, H r,l];e H,l];OJIOrrOKJIOHCTBO BOBCIO rrpOBeTaJIO. KapaBaHHblH rrYTb Ha CeBep IlleJI rro MpTblillY MHMO CTOJIH- bl CH6HPCKHX CaJITaHOB -llcKepa HJIH KaIllJIbIKa. Topro- BblH rrYTb HaqHHaJICH C BepXHero MpTblIlla, Bblille HbIHeIll- Hero Y CTb- KaMeHOrOpCKa, KY,l];a Bce TOBapbl ,l];OCTaBJIHJIHCb Ha BblOqHblX mHBOTHblX H rreperpy.m:aJIHCb Ha KalOKH (60JIb- 
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_239 i eHHSI H 06eJIKax: «3HMHHe BOrYJIbCKHe mHJIHa, IOpTa- MH rrp03bIBaeMbIe, COCTOSIT H3 HeCKOJIbKHX H36. 3HMHHH HX rrpOMbICeJI 60JIbllIelO tIaCTblO COCTOHT B 6eJIKe H C060JISIX. BeJIKa MOmeT 6bITb rrpHtIHCJIeHa K TeKyeMY 3BeplO H B H3- BeCTHbIe rObI 6bIBaeT B BeJIHKOM MHOmeCTBe, TaK tITO XO- pOIlIHH CTpeJIOK COT O rrSITH B OCeHb Ha6HBaeT. lIo HX rrpH- MeTaM 6eJIKa TOra BeJIHKHMH C06HpaeTCSI cTMaMH, KOra eJIH H COCHbI, rrOJIHbIe H 3peJIbIe HMelOT IlIHIlIKH. TetIeHHe 6eJIKH, KaK CKa3bIBaIOT, HaH60JIee 6bIBaeT C rrOJIYHSI Ha ce- Bep, H TOra BCe rrOMOpCKHe CTOpOHbI K OKeaHY HMH H306H- JIYIOT » . lIpHMeTHM, tITO rBHOHOBa 6eJIKa, KaK H 6eJIKH JIerre- XHHa, TOme mHBeT rro eJIblO Ha 6epery OKeaHa. BeJIKa neceHKH rroeT, .D:a opemKH BCe rpbI3eT, A opemKH He rrpocTbIe, Bce CKOpJIyrrKH 30JIOTbIe, .H.n;pa - 'tIHCTbIH H3YMPY.n;; CJIyrH 6eJIKY cTeper-yT, CJIymaT eH rrpHCJIyroH pa3HoH - H rrpHCTaBJIeH .n;bHK rrpHKa3HbIH CTporHH C'tIeT opexaM BeCTb... CTporHH CtIeT opexaM BeCTH HMeJIO rrpSIMOH CMbICJI, rro- CKOJIbKY BTOpOH rrOCJIe rrYIlIHHHbI CTaTbeH OXOOB CH6HP- CKoro apCTBa 6bIJI KepOBbIH opex, B orpOMHbIX KOJIHtIe- CTBax BbIB03HBllIHHCSI He TOJIbKO B POCCHIO, HO H 3a ee rrpe- eJIbI. M..H. CJIOBOB B OtIepKe «B CTpaHe Kepa H C060JISI» OTMeqaeT: «.. .KepOBbIe opelliKH COCTaBJISIIOT JISI 06HTa- 
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i 242 KaK MbI BHHM H3 nHCbMa, llYIlIKHH nOHHMaJI HCTOPH- 'tIeCKHH CMbICJI repaJIbHKH H CYTb H3bI'tIeCTBa. rep6bI H repaJIbH'tIeCKHe 3HaKH MOrJIH CJIymHTb eMY XOpOIlIHM nOCnOpbeM H OnOJIHHTeJIbHbIM HHcpOpMa[(HOHHbIM Ma- TepHaJIOM JIH ero npOH3BeeHHH. B03MomHO, H rep6bI CH- 6HpCKHX ropOOB H [(apCTBa cH6HpCKoro aJIH eMY MaTe- pHaJI JIH 3nH30a « CKa3KH 0 [(ape CaJITaHe» . llYIlIKHHa (HOCHBllIero, 3aMeTHM, 3BaHHe HCTopHorpa- cpa) HHTepeCOBaJIH He TOJIbKO HCTOpHH nOKopeHHH CH6HpH H 3K30TH'tIeCKHe HaCeJIbHHKH 3TOH «Teppa HHKorHHTa», HO H OCHOBbI HX 3KOHOMH'tIeCKOH eHTeJIbHOCTH. B 1831 roy BbIIliJIa KHHra KHpHJIJIOBa «QBeTy:w;ee COCTOHHHe Bcepoc- CHHCKoro rocyapcTBa, B KaKOBoe Ha'tlaJI H npHBeJI H OCTa- BHJI HeH3pe'tleHHbIH TPYaMH lleTp BeJIHKHH». Bo 2-M TOMe KHHrH llYIlIKHHa npHBJIeKJIa CTaTHCTHKa CH6HPCKOH ry6epHHH H 3aMe'tlaHHH 0 «CH6HPCKOM [(apCTBe H [(apHX CH6HpCKHX, 0 KOTOpbIX B HCTOpHH CH6HPCKOH, H3- JIOmeHHOH B 1745 roy ceHTH6pH 1 HH, HanHcaHO»; AneK- caHp CepreeBH'tI nHCaJI H3aTeJIIO M.ll. lloroHHY: «Cep- e'tlHO 6JIaroaplO Bac H 3a nHCbMO H 3a CTapYID CTATHC- THKY. (BbIeJIeHO MHOIO. - A.3.). H nOJIY'tI"HJI Bce 3K3eMIIJIHpbI B'tIepa H3 lleTep6ypra». lloxome, lloroHH, BbICbIJIaH CTaTHCTHKY llYIlIKHHY, 3apaHee 3HaJI 0 ero npHCTpaCTHH K TaKoro poa CBeeHH- HM 0 CH6HpH H HaeHJICH OCTaBHTb eMY YOBOJIbCTBHe. He TaHHa, 'tITO B 1826 roy llYIlIKHH IIOCbIJIaeT 3aIIHCKY HMIIepaTOpy HHKOJIalO I «0 HapOHOM o6pa30BaHHH». OH IIHllIeT 0 TOM, 'tITO B Y'tIe6HbIX 3aBeeHHHx pa3Horo ypOBHH Heo6xoHMO BBeCTH IIpeMeT «POCCHeBeeHHe», 
_243 t npeJIaraeT BBeCTH Kacpepbl PYCCKOH HCTOpHH, 3aKOHO- aTeJIbCTBa, CTaTHCTHKH. HHTe.peC K HCCJIeOBaHHIO Ka- KOH-JIH60 TeMbl He B03HHKaeT BHe3anHO H Ha HenorOTOB- JIeHHOH nOqBe. Baram 3HaHHH no onpeeJIeHHOH TeMaTH- Ke nOCTeneHHO HaKanJIHBaeTCH Y HCCJIeOBaTeJIH, nOKa He BblJIbeTCH B KOHKpeTHbIe JIHTepaTypHble cpOpMbl. Ho CTa- THCTHKaJIemHT B OCHOBe 3KOHOMHKH, HaYKH aJIeKOH, Ka- 3aJIOCb 6bl, OT JIHTepaTypHoro TBOpqeCTBa. TOJIbKO He JIH IIYIlIKHHa. IIYIlIKHH HHTepeCOBaJICH 3KOHOMHqeCKOH Hay- KOH H ame OCMeJIHBaJICH peKOMeHOBaTb HHKOJIalO I o6yqaTb BOPHHCKYIO MOJIOemb nOJIHT3KOHOMHH.H co- BepllIeHHO He CJIyqaHHO nOHBHJIHCb OTHeceHHble K EreHHIO OHerHHY CTpOKH: 3aTO qHTaJI A.zJ;aMa CMHTa H 6bIJI rJIy60KHH SKOHOM, To eCTb YMeJI Cy.n;HTb 0 TOM, KaK rocy.n;apCTBO 60raTeeT H qeM mHBeT, H nOqeMY He HymHo 30JIOTa eMY, Kora IIpOCTOH IIpO.n;YKT HMeeT, OTe IIOHHTb ero He Mor H 3eMJIH OT.n;aBaJI B 3aJIOr... H3 aHaJIH3a TeKCTa CJIeyeT CeJIaTb BbIBO, qTO H caM aBTOp n03Mbl 6blJI OCTaTOqHO XOpOIliO 3HaKOM C COqHHe- u HHHMH BeJIHKOrO aHrJIHHCKOro 3KOHOMHCTa, eCJIH CYMeJI B cmaTOH n03THqeCKOH cpopMe TOqHO H3JIOmHTb CYTb ero yqeHHH. «CKynoH pbln;apb» IIYIlIKHHa He qTO HHoe, KaK 
i 244 caTHpa Ha Y'tIeHHe MepKaHTHJIHCTOB.CaMa npHpOa H CYW;HOCTb KanHTaJIa COCTOHT B TOM, 'tITO OH nOCTOHHHO HaXOHTCH B BHmeHHH: eHbrH OJImHbI npHHOCHTb eHbrH, ew;e 66JIbIIIHe. lIo MeTKOMY BbIpameHHIO, nony- JIHpHOMY Y nOJIHTHKOB, eHbrH - 3TO KpOBb 3KOHOMH- KH. Memy TeM, npHnpHTbIBaH COKpOBHw;a, BapOH o6ec- KpOBJIHBaJI TeJIO 3KOHOMHKH rocyapCTBa. C06HpaTeJIIO H XpaHHTeJIIO MepTBbIX COKpOBHW; npOTHBOnOCTaBJIeH nOTeH[(HaJIbHbIH paCTO'tlHTeJIb CbIH. OHaKO paCTO'tlH- TeJIbCTBO AJIb6epa 6bIJIO 6bI nOJIe3Hee JIH pOCTa npOH3- BOHTeJIbHbIX CHJI, 'tIeM HaKOnHTeJIbCTBO BapoHa, TaK u KaK B pe3YJIbTaTe eHemHbIH KanHTaJI HeH3MeHHO nonaJI 6bI B PYKH HaH60JIee npenpHHM'tIHBbIX. II CKJIOHHOCTH H HaMepeHHH AJIb6epa aBaJIH Haemy, 'tITO nOCJIe cMep- TH OT[(a MepTBoe 6oraTcTBo OT[(a CTaHeT 'tIbHMH-TO «mH- BbIMH eHbraMH». 8KoHoMHKa 3aHHMaJIa n03Ta. KaK 3HaTb, He nOllIeJI JIH 6bI OH no nYTH Bcex BHHbIX eBpo- neHCKHX 3KOHOMHCTOB, B 60JIbllIHHCTBe CBoeM rYMaHH- TapHeB, H He 060raTHJI JIH 6bI 3KOHOMH'tIeCKYIO HaYKY POC- CHH HOBbIMH TeopHHMH. IIYIlIKHH YMeJI H3BJIeKaTb Heo6- u Xo,n;HMbIe CBe,n;eHHH ame H3 caMbIX CKY'tIHbIX, Ha nepBbIH B3rJIH,n;, HCTO'tlHHKOB, Bpoe TaMomeHHbIX TapHcpOB H CTa- pOH CTaTHCTHKH CH6HpCKOH ry6epHHH. 1I3y'tlHB MHome- CTBO MaTepHaJIOB 0 CH6HPH, B CBoeH «CKa3Ke 0 ape CaJI- TaHe» IIYIlIKHH on03TH3HpOBaJI peaJIbHO cyw;ecTBoBaB- IlIYIO B CH6HpCKOM [(apCTBe 3KOHOMH'tIeCKYlO cHTyaHIO, noaB ee B npHBJIeKaTeJIbHOM, ,n;ocTynHoM ,n;ame eTCKO- MY nOHHMaHHIO, CKa30'tlHOM BH,n;e. ByeM me eMY 3a 3TO 6JIarOapHbI . 
245 i BepCTa BaTh DIeCTaJI 33. MopeM n;apeBHa eCTh O'tIeHb TpYAeH Bonpoc 06 HCTO'tl- HHKax «CKa3KH 0 ape CaJITaHe.. .. .Bonpoc STOT no CHIO nopy OCTaeTCH CJIOmHbIM, XOTH H ynpom;aeTCH no He- 06XOAHMOCTH KOMMeHTaTopaMH. A. ra8pUJI,08. II epceu U r8uaOH TpaHHOHHaH BepCHH IIpOHcxomeHHH C10meTa B Be- pOHTHOM HCTO'tlHHKe «CKa3KH» IIpHMepHO TaKOBa: «Xyo- meCTBeHHaH IIepepa60TKa B CKa3KY-IIOSMY HapOHOH CKa3- KH, KpaTKaH 3aIIHCb C10meTa KOTOpOH 6bIJIa CeJIaHa IIym- KHHbIM e:w;e B KHmHHeBe B 1822 roy. B 1824 roy OH CHOBa, ropa3O IIopo6Hee, 3aIIHCaJI ero co CJIOB HHHH. B 1828 roy IIymKHH Ha'tlaJI IIepeJIaraTb STY 3aIIHCb B CTH- XH, HO HaIIHCaJI TOJIbKO IIepBbIe 'tIeTblpHaaTb CTHXOB, IIO'tlTH COBIIaa1O:W;He C OKOH'tIaTeJIbHbIM TeKCTOM, 3aTeM CTaJI Ha6paCbIBaTb JIH ce6H IIpOOJImeHHe ee IIp030H. IIOJIHOCTb1O CKa3Ka 6bIJIa HaIIHcaHa TOJIbKO B 1831 roy (aTHpoBaHa 29 aBrycTa) BO BpeMH CBoero poa TBOp'tleCKOrO copeBHOBaHHH C B.A. mYKOBCKHM, KOTOpbIH HaIIHCaJI B STO BpeMH CKa3KH «0 cIIH:w;eH apeBHe» H «0 ape BepeHee». JI106oIIbITHO, 'tITO caM IIymKHH CB010 «CKa3KY» cepbe3HbIM IIpOH3BeeHHeM HHKora He C'tIHTaJI Ii OTHOCHJICH K HeH BeCbMa HpOHHQeCKH: 3 ceHTH6pH 1831 roa OH IIHmeT CBoeMY pyry II.A. BH3eMcKoMY: u «.. .Ha HHX HCIIpa3HHJICH CKa3KOH B TbICH'tIy CTHXOB; py- raH B 6p1Oxe 6yp'tlHT» . 
i 246 MHeHHe KOMMeHTaTOpOB «CKa3KH» 0 ee HCKJIlOqHTeJIb- HO cpOJIbKJIOpHOM npOHCXOmeHHH npeCTaBJIHeTCH OIlIH- 60qHbIM. ,n:eHCTBHTeJIbHO, B MHXaHJIOBCKOH TeTpaH 1824 roa eCTb 3anHCb BapHaHTa ClOmeTa, COBnaalOm;ero B eTaJIHX C HapoHoH cKa3KoH «IIo KOJIeHa HorH B 30JIOTe, no JIOKOTb PYKH B cepe6pe» (3anHcaHa A.H. AcpaHacbe- BbIM). CKa3Ka 3Ta 6JIH3Ka K nYIlIKHHcKOH. ECTb B HeH H 3nH- 30 C TpeMH eBHaMH, KOTOpbIX nOCJIYllIaJI apb, H 3Be- PYllIKH, npe'bHBJIeHHbIe aplO BMeCTO HOBopomeHHoro, H MOTHB 3aBHCTH CTapllIHX ceCTep H HX 3JIbIe eJIa. B 3anH- CHX IIYllIKHHa, CeJIaHHbIX JIH60 no naMHTH, JIH60 co CJIOB ApHHbI POHOHOBHbI, Bce 3TH 3nH30bI, paBHO KaK H no- P06HOCTH C 60qKOH, Tome coxpaHeHbI. IIYllIKHH npe06pa3HJI HapOHYIO CKa3KY, 060raTHJI ee, HanOJIHHJI eTaJIHMH H repOHMH He cpOJIbKJIOpHOrO npOHC- xomeHHH H KOTopbIe, BepOHTHO, 3aHMCTBOBaHbI H3 PY- rHX HCTOQHHKOB. 0 MHorHX H3 HHX MbI yme ynoMHHaJIH BbIllIe, 0 pyrHx em;e npeCTOHT CKa3aTb. QeHTpaJIbHOe MeCTO B ClOmeTe «CKa3KH 0 ape CaJITa- He» 3aHHMaeT QapeBHa JIe6eb, KOTopaH HH B OHOH H3 PYC- CKHX CKa30K He BCTpeQaeTCH. A. raBpHJIOB BbICKa3aJI npenOJIOmeHHe, QTO IIYIlIKHH 3aHMCTBOBaJI ClOmeT 0 rBHOHe Hero MaTepH H3 aHTHQHOH JIHTepaTypbI, B QaCTHOCTH H3 peBHerpeQeCKOrO MHcpa 0 IIepcee. COrJIaCHO MHCPy opaKYJI (BCTpeQaeTCH B KHIlIHHeB- CKOM BapHaHTe 3anHCH ClOmeTa IIYIlIKHHbIM) npeCKa3aJI aprOCCKOMY aplO AKpHCHIO, QTO Y ero OQepH ,n:aHaH PO- HTCH MaJIbQHK, KOTOpbIH CBeprHeT H y6beT ea. AKPH- CHH 3aKJIIOQHJI OQb B nO3eMeJIbe, HO BJII06JIeHHbIH B Hee 3eBC npoHHK K HeH B BHe 30JIOTOrO omH, H ,n:aHaH pOH- 
_247 i JIa OT Hero IIepceH. Tora AKpHCHH rrOBeJIeJI CeJIaTb 60JIb- mOH CYHYK, rrOCMHTb B Hero Oqb H BHYKa H 6pOCHTb B Mope. IIoKa CYHYK rrJIaBaJI rro MOplO, IIepceH B HeM BbIpOC B 60raTbIpH H, rrOCJIe OCBo6o:>KeHHH pbI6aKOM, COBepllIHJI HeMaJIO rrOBHrOB, 06paTHBllIHCb B KOHe KOHOB B C03Be3- He IIepceH. ,n:eHCTBHTeJIbHO, IIYIlIKHH XOpOIliO 3HaJI aHTHqHYIO JIH- TepaTYPY H HMeJI B CBoeH 6H6JIHOTeKe rrOqTH Bcex peBHeH- IIIHX KJIaCCHKOB, H3aHHbIX K TOMY BpeMeHH 60JIbllIeH qac- TblO Ha cppaHY3CKOM H3bIKe. M3BeCTHbI ero BOJIbHbIe rrepe- BObI AHaKpeoHa, KcecpaHa KOJIOcpOHCKoro, AcpHHeH, MOHa XHOCCKoro H aHTOJIOrHqeCKHX C60pHHKOB «IIHp Mype- OB» H «AHaKpeOHTHqeCKHe CTHXOTBopeHHH». He HCKJIIO- qeHO, qTO, KaK rrperrOJIaraeT A. raBpHJIOB, B OHOH H3 aH- TOJIOrHH OH BCTpeTHJI 3JIerHIO CHMoHHa KHoccKoro o,n:a- Hae C CbIHOM, 6pollIeHHbIx B Mope. Ho apeBHbI JIe6eH HH B 3TOM rrpOH3BeeHHH, HH B MHcpe o IIepcee HeT. rHrroTe3a raBpHJIOBa 0 CBH3H Me:>KY IIepce- eM H rBHOHOM 3aCTaBHJIa OTbICKaTb CTapHHHbIH aTJIaC 3Be3Horo He6a, qTo6bI B3rJIHHYTb Ha C03Be3He IIepceH. llHTYHHH rrOCKa3bIBaJIa, qTO HMeHHO B HeH MomeT TaHTb- CH pa3raKa: B apCKOCeJIbCKOM JIHee aCTpOHOMHIO rrpe- rrOaBaJIH OCHOBaTeJIbHO. Ka3aJIOCb, qTO He CJIaHHO IIYIlI- KHH rrOCTaBHJI pHOM Mope H He6o: B CHHeM He6e 3Be3.n;bI 6JIeYT, B CHHeM Mope BOJIHbI nJIeYT, Tyqa no He6y H.n;eT, BOqKa no MOplO nJIbIBeT.. . 
t 248 ,D:peBHHe 3Be3OtleThI 06BOHJIH KOHTyphI C03Be3HH, IIpHaBaH HM IIpHBhItlHhIe 3eMHhIe cpOpMhI JIH JIyqIIIerO BOClIpHHTHH H 3aIIOMHHaHHH. CaMhIH H3BeCTHhIH H3 CTa- pHHHhIX 3Be3HhIX aTJIaCOB - aTJIaC IIOJIhCKOrO aCTpOHO- MaHHareBeJIHH, KOTophIHmHJIB 1611-1687 roax. Ero KHHra 6hIJIa H3aHa B raHhcKe B 1690 roy, yme IIOCJIe CMepTH aBTopa, H IIOJIytlHJIa IIIHPOKYro H3BeCTHOCTh B Ha- ytlHhIX Kpyrax EBpOlIhI H POCCHH. B CCCP COXpaHHJIOCh tleThIpe 3K3eMIIJIHpa KHHrH HHa reBeJIHH, H3 HHX TPH - B CaHKT-IIeTep6ypre. HeT HHtlerO yHBHTeJIhHOrO, eCJIH IIYIIIKHH BHeJI H JIHCTaJI OHY HX HHX. IIpeKpacHhIe rpa- u BrophI, BhIIIOJIHeHHhIe PYKOH HeH3BeCTHoro MaCTepa, CBO- eH cpaHTaCTHtlHOcThro H HeomHaHHocTbro cromeTHbIX 110- BOpOTOB caMH 110 ce6e cIIoc06HhI IIOpa3HTb Bo06pameHHe II03Ta. B C03Be3HH CTpeJIba 6pocaeTcH B rJIa3a CTpeJIe, Ha- THrHB81OW;HH JIYK, - peBHee 30,n;HaKaJIbHOe C03Be3He. He- aJIeKO OT Hero, B C03Be3HH ,D:eBbI, IIpeKpaCHaH ,D:eBa C or- pOMHhIMH JIe6eHHhIMH KpbIJIbHMH. ,D:eBa B aHTHtlHOH MH- cpOJIOrHH - Otlb 3eBca H CPeMHbI, OJIHeTBOpeHHe ClIpaBeJIHBOCTH, tlHCTOTbI H HeBHHHOCTH. lIoxoma Ha IJ:a- peBHY JIe6eb H ApTeMHY. BOKpyr rOHtlHe lICbI, Me,n;Be- ,n;Ha, PaK... HpKHe 3Be3bI orpOMHoro C03Be3,lJ;HH JIe6eH 06pa3yroT KpeCTo06pa3HYro cpHrypy (CeBepHbIH KpeCT), HalIoMHHaro- w;yro cpHrypy rHraHTCKoro JIe6eH, KOTOpbIH, IIIHpOKO pac- IIaXHYB KpbIJIhH H BbITHHYB IIIero, JIeTHT B,lJ;OJIb MJIetlHOrO I1yrH. MHoro JIereH CBH3aHO C 3THM 60JIbllIHM H OtleHb Kpa- CHBbIM C03Be3,lJ;HeM. OHa H3 HHX IIoBecTByeT 0 TOM, tlTO B JIe6e,lJ;H 6bIJI 06paw;eH tlyecHbIH IIeBe OpcpeH. 
249 i B03JIe rOJIOBbI JIe6eH npeKpaCHhlH IOHOllia C HaTHHY- ThlM JIYKOM - AHTHHoH, H B OHOM C03Be3HH C HHM- OpeJI, caMaH HpKaH 3Be3a KOTOpOH AnhTaHp Ha 3Be3HOH KapTe HaXOHTCH HanpOTHB YKpallialOru;eH rOJIOBY JIe6eH 3Be3hl Anh6Hpeo (P). Y nYIlIKHHCKOH QapeBHhl JIe6eH - «MeCHn; no KOCOH 6JIeCTHT, a BO JI6y 3Be3a ropHT». YH- BHTeJIhHOe, CKopee Bcero He CJIyqaHHOe COBneHHe: H306- pameHHhlH Ha 3Be3HOH KapTe HHa reBeJIHH ClOmeT IIOqTH COBnaaeT co Cn;eHOH BCTpeqH rBHOHa Ha B3Mophe C Qa- peBHOH JIe6ehlO. B IOHOllie AHTHHoe Mhl Y3HaeM HaTHHYB- llIero JIYK rBHOHa, B JIe6ee co 3Be3OH BO JI6y (BIIOCJIe- CTBHH ,lJ:eBa) BHHM QapeBHY JIe6eh, HaBHCIlIHH H HeH OpeJI - HeCOMHeHHO qapOeH - KOPIlIYH. COBceM KaK Y IIYIlIKHHa: «BheTCH JIe6eh cpeh 3h16eH, KOPIlIYH MeqeTCH H HeH...» IIoxome, qTO HMeHHO KapTa 3Be3Horo He6a BOXHOBHJIa n03Ta Ha 3TH CTpOKH. AT JIac HHa reBeJIHH HJIH IIoo6HYIO eMY KapTY IIYIlIKHH Mor YBHeTh B JIHee, a KpoMe Toro B IIeTpoBcKoM IIJIaHe- TapHH, npeCTaBJIHBllIeM C060H orpoMHhlH, 60JIee Tpex MeT- pOB B HaMeTpe, llIap. Ha BHYTpeHHeH IIoBepxHocTH ccpephl H306pameH He6ecHhlH CBO, aJIJIerOpHqeCKHe cpHryphl, OJIH- eTBopHIO:r.u;He c03Be3HH JIHphl, JIe6eH, BOJIhllIOH Me- BeHn;hl, OpJIaHPyrHe. IIoapeHHhlH eMYB 1713 rOYIIJIa- HeTapHH IIeTp I BeJIeJI IIOMeCTHTh B KYHCTKaMepy JIH 06- :r.u;ero 0603peHHH. HeT COMHeHHH, qTO IIOKJIOHHHK reHHH IIeTpa 6hIBaJI B KYHCTKaMepe, BHeJI IIJIaHeTapHH H PyrHe HKOBHHKH, B TOM qHCJIe CH6HPCKY1O KOJIJIeKHIO IIeTpa. IIYIlIKHH IIpeKpaCHO 3HaJI 06pa3hl aHTHqHOH MHcpOJIO- rHH H qaCTO HCnOJIh30BaJI HX B CBoeM TBOpqeCTBe. EMY Ha- BepHHKa 6hIJIO H3BeCTHO, qTO peBHHe rpeKH CBH3hIBaJIH 
i 250 r. 0 -' -' ,. . -:.- [; iw. .  /0' .....' .- / , /' " ,-' ."  ." / /." / ." " ..' / '/ // /' I .." /  ; / C03Be3He ne6eg B «ATnace 3Be3HOrO He6a» nOnLCKOrO aCTpOHOMa .sIHa reBenIDI. 1690 I: 06pa3 JIe6eH C CeBepoM, co cTpaHoH rHrrep60peeB, JIIOeH, mHBYHx 3a BopeeM - ceBepo-BOCTO'tIHbIM BeTpoM. AHTH'tIHaH rpeHH rrOpOHJIa eJIbIH pH MHcpOB 06 ArrOJIJIOHe, Hepa3pbIBHO CBH3aHHOM C JIe6eHMH, KOTopbIe ceMb pa3 06JIeTaJIH OCTpOB eJIoc BO BpeMH ero TaM pome- HHH. MaTb ArrOJIJIOHa - rHrrep60peHKa JIeTo (y CJIaBHH JIaa), ero ceCTpa-BOHHH - ApTeMHa (y pHMJIHH - Ha- Ha). ArrOJIJIOH-COJIHe KambIH rOA YJIeTaJI Ha YBJIeKaeMOH JIe6eAHMH KOJIeCHHe Ha ceBep, B rHrrep60pelO. ITo OTHOllIe- HHIO K ArrOJIJIOHY H ero JIe6eHM HMeeTCH MHomeCTBO AOKa- 3aTeJIbCTB 0 CBH3H 3Toro MOTHBa C CeBepOM. JKpeaMH ArrOJIJIOHa C'tIHTaJIHCb CbIHOBbH BopeH, ceBepo-BOCTO'tIHO- 
_251 i ro BeTpa. Bo BpeMSI mepTBOnpHHOllIeHHH COJIHe'tIHOMY 60ry C CeBepHbIX PH<peHCKHX rop (YpaJIa) CJIeTtlJIa CTaSl JIe6ep;eH, BocneBalOHX AnOJIJIOHa. He MOrJIa He HMeTb P;YXOBHoro pop;CTBa C JIe6ep;SlMH H cecTpa-6JIH3HeAnoJIJIOHaApTeMHp;a, HJIH HaHa. BOT KaK OHa onHCbIBaeTCSI B KHHre H.X. raTTepepa «Ha'tIepTaHHe rep60Bep;eHHSI» : «HaHa - 60rHHSI OXOTbI H JIeca npep;CTaBJISleTCSI B JIer- KOM 6eJIOM OXOTHH'tIbeM onOSlcaHHOM nJIaTbe, C 3aBSl3aHHbI- MH BJIaCaMH C nOJIYMeCSIeM Ha rJIaBe...» «MecSI nop; KOCOH 6JIeCTHT» - 'tIT06bI HaHTH STOT 06- pa3, IIYIlIKHHY CTOHJIO JIHllIb npoTSlHyrb PYKY, 'tIT06bI CHSlTb co cBoeH KHHmHoH nOJIKH KHHry raTTepepa. A MomeT, OH H3 p;pyroH KHHrH HJIH CKa3KH B3S1JI CBOIO apeBHY JIe6ep;b, - TO'tIHO YTBepmp;aTb BpSlP; JIH KTO B03bMeTCSI. Kpyr 'tITeHHSI reHHSI 6bIJI 'tIpe3BbI'tIaHHO IlIHpOK H p;o CHX nop nO'tITH He HCCJIep;OBaH. BepCTa BaTh CehMaH MecHD; nO)); KOCOH TBOH 'tIYXOHO'tlKa, eH-eH, rpeqaHOK BaiipoHa MHJIeH... IIYlUlCUH - BapambtHClCOMY CBOHMH aCTpOHOMH'tIeCKHMH H aHTH'tIHbIMH HCCJIep;OBa- HHSlMH SI nOCnellIHJI nOp;eJIHTbCSI CO CBOHMH npHSlTeJISlMH no KJIy6y «TIOMeHCKaSl CTapHHa» - KaK pa3 npep;CTaBHJICSI 
t 252 Y06HbIH CJIyqaH. OTeJI peKOH KHHrH OTKpbIB8.JI BbICTaB- KY JIHTepaTYPbl pa3HbIX JIeT 0 IOrpe. Co CTeJIJIaJKeH HarrO- MHHaJIH 0 ce6e 3a6bITbIe aBTOpbl: ,IJ:YHHH-rOpKaBHq, HH- <paHTbeB, HOCHJIOB, CJIOBn;OB, BapTeHeB... KpaeBebI C HHTepeCOM BOCrrpHHHJIH MOe C006I.QeHHe 0 QapeBHe JIe6eH, H, Ka38.JIOCb, BOrrpOC 0 HeH 6bIJI HCqep- rraH, HO OHH H3 « CTapHKOB» KJIy6a rrOCTapaJICH HapYIIIHTb MOIO CqaCTJIHBYIO YBepeHHOCTb B CrrpaBe,n;JIHBOCTH H3JIO- u JKeHHOH BepCHH. - He TaM Hl.QeIIIb, CTapHHa, - CKa3aJI OH MHe ,n;OBepH- TeJIbHO. - BeqHO Bbl, HaqHHaIOI.QHe., B He6ecax BHTaeTe. B AHTHqHOCTb Bac THHeT. OrrYCTHTeCb Ha POHYIO 3eMJIIO, u OrJIHHHTeCb BOKpyr BHHMaTeJIbHO, HaHeTe Bel.QH rrOYHBH- TeJIbHee MH<pOB SJIJIabl. ,IJ:orrYCTHM, ArrOJIJIOH H ,IJ:HaHa CBH3aHbl C JIe6eHMH, H qTO H3 3Toro? A pa3Be Y CJIaBHH HHqerO rroo6Horo He 6blJIO? EblJIo. B rrpaCJIaBHHCKOM MHpe, KopMHBIIIeMCH B u OCHOBHOM OXOTOH, CYl.QeCTBOBaJI KYJIbT BOOrrJIaBaIOI.QHX rrTHn;, TeCHO CBH3aHHblH C COJIHeqHbIM.060meCTBJIeHHe JIe6eH MOrJIO OCTaBHTb B <pOJIbKJIOpe OCTaTOqHble 06pa- 3bl, rro06Hble QapeBHe JIe6eH. C pa3BHTHeM 3eMJIe,n;eJIHH H 3eMJIe,n;eJIbqeCKOH peJIHrHH BOCTOqHble CJIaBHHe 3a6blJIH KYJIbT COJIHeqHbIX JIe6e,n;eH, HO Y corrpeeJIbHblX C HHMH ypaJIbCKHX H 06CKHX yrpoB OH COXpaHHJICH P;O Harnero Bpe- MeHH. Y HHX 6blTOBaJIO rrOBepbe, qTO P;yrna CBepxeCTe- CTBeHHoro CYl.QeCTBa, BOJIIlIe6HHKa MomeT rrpHHHMaTb 06JIl1K rrTl1n;bl-JIe6eH l1JIH KoprnYHa.06cKHe xaHTbl rrOKJIO- HSJIHCb Mep;HOMY ryclO, JKHBYI.QHe y PHcpeHCKHX rop KOH- ,D;HHCKHe MaHCH rrOqHTaJIH n;eJIY1O CTa10 Mep;HbIX JIe6eeH, a Ka3bIMCKHe xaHTbl OTp;aBaJIH p;aHb rrOqTeHHH BeJIHKOH 
253 i Ka3blMCKOH BOrHHe, OP;HH H3 CeMH 06JIHKOB KOTOpOH - rJIyxapKa. - BOT IIOJII06YHCH, - cTapHK B3HJI co CTeJIJIama c60p- HHK MaHcHHcKHX CKa30K B.H. qepHeIJ;OBa, - CKa3Ka COCbBHHCKHX MaHCH 0 BeJIHKOH meHID;HHe: «B HHKCHMBOJIe y ceMH 6paTbeB eCTb cecTpa. Y cecTpbl KOCbl Mep;HbIMH IITHqKaMH YKpallIeHbl». q TO 3TO 03Haqa- eT? KOCbl Y MaHCHeK KOpOTKHe, P;O IIJIeq, a llIHYPKH OT HHX P;JIHHHble, HHme TaJIHH.KoHIJ;bl HX YKpallIeHbl pa3HblMH IIOp;BeCKaMH H 6JIHllIKaMH, KOTopble MorYT 6blTb H B cpopMe MeCHIJ;a, H B cpopMe 3Be3p;OqKH. OTCIOp;a H «MeCHIJ; IIOP; KOCOH 6JIeCTHT». Ho B p;aJIeKHe BpeMeHa, 0 KOTOpblX paCCKa3blBa1OT CKa3KH, TaKHe IIOp;BeC- KH 6blBaJIH B cpopMe IITHqeK H 3BepYllIeK: «ITo OP;HOH Koce C060JIH 6eralOT, IIO P;PyroH IITHqKH IIOpXaIOT» . C.K. ITaTKaHoB B 1887 rop;y 3alIHCaJI CKa3aHHe 0 IIoce- ID;eHHH PYCCKoro IJ;apH OCTHIJ;KHM KHH3eM, Y KOToporo «Ha JI6y CBepKaJIa HpKaH 3Be3p;a, aHa 3aTblJIKe (T.e.IIOp; KOCOH) u CBeTHJI HCHblH MeCHIJ;» . OIIYCTHM, - He CTaJI H CIIOpHTb C c06ecep;HHKOM, - HO IIPH qeM 3p;eCb apeBHa JIe6ep;b? - A BOT IIOCMOTpHM p;aJIbllIe: «IT06ep;HJI BeJIHKYIO meH- ID;HHY BepxHe06cKHH 60raTblpb H rOBopHT: .. .0THbIHe... Ha- pop; TBOH B rJIyxapHHbIx llIKypax XOP;HTb 6yp;eT... meHID;I1- Ha OCTaJIaCh mHTb B BepxoBbHX peKH Ka3bIM». C Tex IIOp Ka3bIMCKHe xaHTbI CTaJIH HOCHTb op;emp;bI H3 rJIyxapHHbIX llIKYp. If He TOJIbKO 113 rJIyxapl1HbIX. MOP;HHIJ;bI H3 JIYKO- MOpbH H IJ;apCTBa «CJIaBHOrO CaJITaHa» JI106HJIH ID;erOJIHTb B llIy6Kax, CIIoc06HbIX BbI3BaTb mrYQYIO 3aBHCTb y JI1060H COBpeMeHHOH KpaCaBHIJ;bI. 
i 254 B «KpaTKOM OrrHCaHHH 0 HapOp;e OCTHKOM» rpHrOpHH HOBHKHH He Mor 060HTH BHHMaHHeM TaKHe llIy6KH: «OT rrTH, ryceH, JIe6ep;eH cp;HpalOT KomH, rro 06blKHOBeHH1O Bblp;eJIblBalOT H3pHP;HO, HCTepe6HB rrepo, OCTaBHBllIH TOJIb- KO rryx, Tpyp;aMH CBOHMH Komy YMHrqalOT H COCTaBJIHIOT llIy6bl: CHH me H TerrJIble rJIarOJIIOT 6bITH, P;JIH KpaCOTbl OCo- 6blMH YKpallIeHHHMH op;emp;bl YTBOPHIOT, oc06eHHO meHC- u KHH rrOJI TIIJ;HTCH 0 ceM» . ,D:a, eCJIH BHp;aBllIHH BHP;bl 6blBllIHH rrOJIKOBHHK H3 CBH- Tbl Ma3errbl He H36emaJI OqapOBaHHH KpaCOTOH HapHp;a, TaK, MomeT, H Ha caMOM p;eJIe KpacaBHa-ceBepHHKa B JIe- 6HmbeH llIy6Ke rrOJIOmHJIa Haqa.rro CKa3KaM 0 U:apeBHe JIe- 6ep;H? IIJIH 3TO CJIaBHHKa, MOCKOBCKaH 60HpbIHH, HaKHHYB- llIaH JIerKYIO P;HKOBHHHYIO llIy6KY H3 JIe6Hmbero rryxa? IIocJIep;HHH TaKaH llIy6Ka rrpep;CTaBJIeHa CeHqaC B 3KC- rr03HHH T060JIbCKOrO MY3eH-3arrOBep;HHKa. qTO H rOBO- u pHTb, p;eHCTBHTeJIbHO apCKaH op;emp;a. BHp;eJI JIH IIYllIKHH Ha KaKOH-HH6YP;b H3 CBOHX MHoro- qHCJIeHHblX rrpHHTeJIbHH TaKYIO llIy6KY HJIH qHTaJI 0 Ta- KOBOH - Mbl MomeM TOJIbKO p;orap;bIBaTbCH. II eCJIH 3aMe- qaTeJIbHble rrpHMeTbl apeBHbl: « MeCH rrop; KOCOH 6JIeCTHT, a BO JI6y 3Be3p;a ropHT» He HaBeHHbl rr03TY MYCYJIbMaHCKHM BOCTOKOM, TO K C03Be3p;HIO JIe6ep;H 3TH 3HaKH HOqHOrO He6a HBHO THrOTeIOT. Bo BCHKOM CJIyqae, OT CBoeH BepCHH MHe He XOTeJIOCb OTKa3bIBaTbCH, H H He rrpeMHHYJI 3a.n;aTb c06ecep;HHKY rroc- u JIep;HHH Borrpoc: - Bbl H B caMOM p;eJIe CqHTaeTe, qTO IIYllIKHH B 06pa3e U:apeBHbl JIe6ep;H 3arreqaTJIeJI 1OropCKY1O KpacaBHy xaH- TbIHKY? 
_255 t - A rrOqeMY 6bI H HeT? - rrOCJIe.n;OBaJI OTBeT. - TaKoro HHTepHaHOHaJIHCTa, KaKHM 6bI.iI IIYllIKHH, B PYCCKOH JIH- TepaType TPy.n;HO CbICKaTb. "Yme BO 2-M TOMe C03.n;aHHoro HM «COBpeMeHHHKa» orry6JIHKOBaH MaTepHaJI cpHHCKoro HCCJIe- .n;OBaTeJIH KaCTpeHa 0 rrocew;eHHH HM PYCCKOH JIarrJIaH.n;HH. A BcrrOMHHTe XOTH 6bI, KaK OH BOCTOpraJICH 8.n;OH - rr03MOH BapaTbIHcKoro? A Be.n;b qYXOHKa (cpHHKa) 8.n;a - 6JIH3KaH pO.n;HH yropcKHM KpacaBHaM... )J:oMa H HallIeJI TOMHK rrHceM IIYllIKHHa H OTbICKaJI Hym- HYIO CTpaHHY. IIHcbMO IIYllIKHHa A.r. Po.n;3HHKe, H3 MH- XaHJIOBCKOro B JIy6HbI. 8.02.1824 r.: «...KcTaTH: Bapa- TbIHCKHH HarrHCaJI rr03MY (He rrporHeBaHCH - rrpo qYXOH- KY), H 3Ta qYXOHKa, rOBopHT, qy.n;o KaK MHJIa. A H rrpo U:bIr8.HKY: KaKOB?. Boo6pamalO, AnOJIJIOH, CMOTpH Ha HHX, 3aKpHqHT: 3aqeM Be.n;eTe MHe He TY? A KaKYIO me Te6e Ha- .n;06HO, rrpOKJIHTbIH <l>e6? rpeqaHKY? HTaJIbHHKY? qeM HX xyme qYXOHKa HJIH bIraHKa. . . » . KaKoB IIYllIKHH! IIoxome, qTO MOH rrpHHTeJIb rro qHTa- TeJIbCKOMY KJIy6y OKa3aJICH He.n;aJIeK OT HCTHHbI. Mor, Mor rrHcaTb IIYllIKHH H rrpo bIraHKY, H rrpo TaTapKY, H rrpo oc- THqKY. Mor.ll rrHCaJI. 
i 256 BepCTa BaTb BOCbMaJI TaM qy.n;eca... IIpH TOM 06m;eM He.n;OCTaTKe, B Ka- KOM HaC OCTaBJIHIOT .n;OMamHHe HamH nHCaTeJIH, HHKTO, K8.K ,l(yM8lO, He 6y.n;eT Tpe60BaTb OT Hac, qTo6bI MbI npH6erJIH K HHOCTpaHaM... KOTopbIe, 6y.n;yqH B CBe.n;eHHH 0 POCCHH CTOJIb me .n;aJIeKH, KaK H npHpo.n;olO qym.n;bI, np06emaJIH qepe3 Hamy 3eMJIIO BeCbMa CKOpO, He .n;OJImHbI nOCTaHOBJIHTb ce6e Ha 06H.n;y, eCJIH MbI 0 HX BeJIHqHHOIO nOJI.n;eCHTb TOMax HeCKOJIbKO YCOMHHMCH... JI. BalCMeucmep. TonozpafjJUlleClCUe U36eCmUJI, 0 Poccuu. (Knuza U3 6u6JLuomelCuA.C. II YlUlCuna) He 6e3 OCHOBaHHH «YCOMHHJICH» BaKMeRcTep. KaKHx TOJIbKO HeBepOHTHbIX CJIYXOB eBporreHcKHe aBTopbI, HaqH- HaH C repop;OTa, He pacrrpOCTpaHHJIH 0 CeBepe POCCHH, H B oco6eHHOCTH 0 IOrpe! B XI BeKe rlOpHTa POrOBHq paCCKa3aJI JIeTOrrHCY 0 ro- pax, 3axop;HW;HX B MOPCKYIO JIYKY: «IIYTb K TeM ropaM He- rrpoxop;HM H3-3a rrporracTeH, CHerOB H JIeCOB TaK, qTO He Bce- rp;a P;OXOP;HM P;O HHX, eCTb H rrOp;aJIbllIe rrYTb Ha ceBep. B TOR rope BblCeqeHO oKoHe Ma.rreHbKoe, H OHH Typ;a rOBopHT, HO HeJIb3H rrOHHTb HX». «8TO JIIOP;H, 3aMypoBaHHbie A.rreKcaHp;pOM MaKep;oHc- KHM», - p;eJIaeT CBOR BbIBOP; JIeTOrrHCe H3 paccKa3a rlOpHTbl. B Haqa.rre XIII BeKa IIJIaHo KaprrHHH, cppaHIJ;Y3cKHR MO- Hax, B KHHre 0 CBoeM rrOCOJIbCTBe K TaTapaM coo6w;aeT: 
_257 t «CJIe.n;YH .n;aJIee, npHillJIH OHH (TaTapbI) B 3eMJIIO CaMOrHTOB (CaMOe.n;OB), KOTOpbIe mHBYT OXOTOIO H BMeCTO nJIaTbH HO- CHT 3BepHHbIe KOmH H MeXa. OTTy.n;a ,lJ;OillJIH OHH .n;O ORea- Ha, r.n;e HaillJIH qY,lJ;OBHIQ, KOTOpbIe BO BCeM npOqeM noxo- .n;HJIH Ha JIIO.n;eH, HO HMeJIH 6bIqaqbH HOrH H JIHO noxomee Ha C06aqbe. OHH HeCKOJIbKO CJIOB npOH3HOCHJIH nO-qeJIOBe- qeCKH, HO, BnpOqeM, KaK C06aKH JIaHJIH, CMeillHBaH TO H .n;Pyroe, qT06bI HX nOHHJIH» .. . BOHCTHHY, npOqHTaB TaKOe, IIYillKHH MOr BOCKJIHK- HYTb: «TaM qy.n;eca!» Ha .n;eJIe me IIJIaHo KapnHHH HHKaKO- ro qy.n;a He OnHCaJI, Hero H3BeCTHe - .n;OCTOBepHee MHorHX nOCJIe.n;YIO:W;HX. IIpocTO MbI HMeeM .n;eJIO CO CMeilleHHeM, a nOTOM H C nO,lJ;MeHOH nOHHTHH. JIIO,lJ;H, mHBY:W;He Y «OKea- Ha», HMeJIH He 6bIqaqbH HorH, a 06YBb, CillHTYIO H3 illKYP, CHHTbIX C Hor 6bIKOB - OJIeHeH HJIH JIOCeH - KaMyca. IIo- .n;o6Hoe 06'bHCHeHHe HaXO,lJ;HT H C06aqbH rOJIOBa. 3.II. COKO- JIOBa B KHHre «IIYTeillecTBHe B IOrpy» OnHCaJIa H HapHCO- u BaJIa CTapHHHYIO MaHCHHCKYIO napKY - BepXHlO1O MeXOBYIO u O,lJ;em.n;y, KanlOillOH KOTOpOH KpOHJICH H3 illKypbI C rOJIOBbI OJIeHH, npHqeM YillH OCTaBJIHJIHCb eJIbIMH. qeJIOBeK, o.n;e- TbIH B TaKYIO napKY, C Yill8.MH Ha rOJIOBe H BnpHMb Mor 6bITb npHHHT 3a co6aKOrOJIOBoro. E:w;e 60JIbille HaqJaHTa3HpOBaHO aBTopaMH «CKa3aHHH 0 u qeJIOBeeX He3HaeMbIX B BOCTOqHOH CTpaHe» - BbI.n;aIOIQe- rOCH no CBoeMY 3HaqeHHIO CKOJIbKO-HH6Y,lJ;b CBH3Horo paCCKa- 3a 0 HapO,lJ;ax, 06HTalOIQHX «3a KaMHeM» B 3anHOH CH6H- pH. B HeM BCTpeqaeTCH MHomeCTBO 6aCHOCJIOBHbIX coo6:w;e- HHH 0 ,lJ;eBHTH nJIeMeHaX, ee HaCeJIHIOIQHX. STO H caMoe.n;bI, «30BOMbIe MOJIrOH3eH» - JIIO.n;oe,l];bI; «JIHHHa.a caMOH,lJ;b» - JIeTOM ml1BY:W;He B Mope; «HHaH C8.MOH,lJ;:b - no nyn MOXHa- C) - 599) 
i 258 TbI l1.0 l1. 0 JIY, a OT nyna BBepx HKOJK npOqHe qeJIOBehI»; « Ca- Moel1.hI co pTaMH Ha TeMeHH H HeMhIe»; CaMOel1.hI, YMHpalO- He 3HMOH Ha l1.Ba MecHa; «JIIOl1.H, JKHBYHe B 3eMJIe, BBep- xy 06H, peKH BeJIHKHH; HHaH CaMOHl1.h - 6e3 rOJIOB, pThI y HHX MeJK nJIeqaMH, a OqH B rpYl1.H. ECTh ee nOl1.3eMHhIe JIIOl1.H Y 03epa B03JIe MepTBoro ropOl1.a H CaMOel1.h KaMeHCKaH, qTO JKHBeT no ropaM BhICOKHM OKOJIO IOropCKOH 3eMJIH». HaCTaJIa nopa CKa3aTh HeCKOJIhKO CJIOB 0 npOHCXOJK- l1.eHHH CJIOBa «caMoel1.», KOTopoe OTHIOl1.h He 03HaqaeT, qTO ero HOCHTeJIh nOel1.aeT caM ce6H. CaMOHl1.h - HCKaJKeHHOe CJIOBO caaMO-Hl1.He, qTO 03HaqaeT: 3eMJIH caaMOB. PYCCKHe 3eMJIenpOXOl1.hI HenpaBHJIhHO HCTOJIKOBaJIH 3TO Ha3BaHHe H nepeHeCJIH KaK HaHMeHOBaHHe HapOl1.HoCTH Ha MHorHe cH6HpCKHe nJIeMeHa, B TOM qHCJIe HeHeB H CeJIhKynOB. CaaMhI HeKOrl1.a HaCeJIHJIH BeCh ceBep 3anal1.HOH CH6H- pH H HBJIHJIHCh npel1.11IeCTBeHHHKaMH H npel1.KaMH COBpe- MeHHhIX CaMOl1.HHCKHX HapOl1.0B. ITpHllIel1.I1IHe C IOra HeH- hI qaCTHqHO HCTpe6HJIH, qaCTHqHO aCCHMHJIHpOBaJIH ca- aMOB, HJIH, KaK HX Ha3hIBaJIH HeHhI, CHHpTH (CHXHpTH). ITo npel1.aHHHM, CHXHpTH 6hIJIH COBceM MaJIeHhKOro PO- CTa, KopeHaCThI H KpenKH. 3aHHMaJIHCh OHH OXOTOH Ha l1.H- Koro ceBepHoro OJIeHH, phI6HOH JIOBJIeH H MOpCKHM 3Bepo- 60HHhIM npOMhICJIOM. :JKHJIH OHH He B qYMax, KaK HeHhI, a B new;epax, 3eMJIHHKaX HJIH JKHJIHaX C OCTOBOM H3 KOC- u u TeH MOpCKHX JKHBOTHhIX H nOKphIThIX l1.epHOM H 3eMJIeH. OKHO H BX0l1.l1.eJIaJIHCh B KphIllie. Coo6eHHe rlOpHThI 0 JKHTeJIHX CeBepa, ToprylO- W;HX Qepe3 OKHO B CKaJIe, - BepOHTHO, co06w;eHHe 0 TOprOBJIe C caaMaMH, H3hIKa KOTOphIX HHKTO He nOHH- MaJI: «H3bIK - HeM». 
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t 260 HecoMHeHHo, 3TO 6hIJIH CHHPTH, BnOCJIeCTBHH nepeCeJIHB- WHeCH Ha KOJIhCKHH nOJIYOCTPOB H H3BeCTHhIe HaM Teneph KaK caaMhI. B KOHe XIII BeKa BeHeHaHcKHH Kyne MapKo IloJIO B cBoeH 3HaMeHHToH «KHHre» H8nHCBJI 0 CTp8He ThMhI: «Ha ceBep OT 3Toro 8pCTBa (CH6Hph) eCTh TeMHaH CTpaHa; TYT Bcera TeMHO, HeT HH COJIH8, HH JIYHhI, HH 3Be3. ¥ mHTe- u JIeH HeT apH, mHBYT OHH KaK 3BepH, HHKOMY He nOBJIaCT- HhI. ¥ 3THX HapOOB MHomeCTBO MeXOB H O'tleHh oporHX. Bce OHH OXOTHHKH, H npOCTO YHBHTeJIhHO, CKOJIhKO MeXOB OHH Ha6Hpa1OT. CoceHHe HapOhI oTTya, re CBeT, nOKY- nalOT 3eWHHe Mexa: HM HOCHT OHH Mexa Tya, re CBeT, TaM H npoaIOT; a TeM KynaM, 'tITO nOKynalOT 3TH Mexa, 60JIhWaH BhIroa H npH6hIJIh. BeJIHKaH POCCHH, cKamy BaM, rp8HH'tIHT C OHOH CTOPO- HhI C 3TOH 06JIaCThlO » . 113 KHHrH 0 nYTeweCTBHH MapKO IlOJIO CJIeyeT, 'tITO B XIII BeKe «ToprOBhIe rOCTH» H3 CpeHeH A3HH H ByxaphI u npeKpaCHO 3HaJIH KapaB8HHhIH nYTh B «CTpaHhI nOJIYHOW;- HhIe» H eCJIH npHBHpaJIH 'tIYTh-'tIYTh B onHC8HHHX, TO JIHWh 3aTeM, 'tITo6hI Ha6HTh ce6e eHY, oTnyrHYTh KOHKypeHToB u u H nOHHTh CBOH npeCTHm B rJIa3aX OBep'tlHBhIX 'tIHTaTeJIeH. BnpO'tleM, TaK eJIaJIH He TOJIhKO 3HaMeHHThIe nYTewe- CTBeHHHKH no CH6HPH, HO H nHCaTeJIH, B HeH HeKora He 6hIBaBWHe, KaK, HanpHMep, .IJ:8HH3JIh .IJ:ecpo, HanHcaBWHH pOM8H 0 npHKJIIOQeHHHX P06HH30Ha B CH6HpH. ¥ IlYWKH- Ha 6hIJIa KHHra .IJ:ecpo, B KOTOpOH onHcaHO HeMaJIO 'tIyec, HO OH, HeCOMHeHHO, 'tIHTaJI H ee paHHee H38HHe Ha cppaHY3- CKOM H3DIKe. Ho ame H cephe3HDIe YQeHhIe POCCHHCKOH 8K8,ZJ;eMHH HaXOHJIH B CH6HpCKOH 3eMJIe HeMaJIO QyecHo- 
261 i rOe BaCHJlHH 3yeB H3 3KCne,lJ;HD:HH aKap;eMHKa lIMJIaca nH- caJI CBoeMY PYKOBO,lJ;HTeJIIO 0 ceBepe CH6HPH: «3HMOIO TaM nO'tlTH CBeTY HeTY, a 6bIBalOT ,lJ;HH OKOJIO HHKOJIbI He 60JIee Tpex HJlH 'tIeThIpeX 'tIaCOB, B KOH npH CBeTe nHcaTb MomHO. JIeToM me, HanpOTHB Toro, H ,lJ;HeM H HO'tlblO TaKaH CBeT- JlOCTb, 'tITO He TOJlbKO 'tIHTaTb H nHcaTb MomHO, HO Mem,lJ;Y paHHHM Be'tlepOM H HO'tlblO nOQTH pa3J1H'tIHH HeTY, H 6e3 npH- BbI'tIKH Ha nepBbIH CJlY'tIaH YCHYTb HeJlb3H... KTO meJlaeT u CHMH npHHTHoCTHMH HaCJlam,lJ;aTbCH, TO nYCKaH caM TY,lJ;a C'De3,lJ;HT, Tor,lJ;a YBH,lJ;HT H MHe nOBepHT, CKOJIb npeJIeCTHOe u JleTHee TaMOlliHeH CTpaHbI COCTOHHHe. CeBepHbIe CHHHHH TaM He B 60JlblliOM nO'tlTeHHH H He 3a BeJlHKYIO OC06J1HBOCTb C'tIHTaIOT, nOTOMY 'tITO TaM H 3HMOH H JleTOM 'tIaCTO CJIaIOTCH, a OC06J1HBO no,lJ; oceHb. lIpOCThIe ceBepHhIe CHHHHH O'tleHb HeY,lJ;HBHTeJIbHhI, HO KOTopbIe C HeMMbIM TpeCKOM H 60JlblliHM lliYMOM 3HMOH CJlY'tIaIOTCH, u Te 'tIaCTO npHBo,lJ;HT 3pHTeJleH B Y,lJ;HBJIeHHe, ymac H npe,lJ;Y- ra.n;aHHe. TOT'tIac nocJle TaKHX nOH,lJ;YT Y HX neperoBopbI, nepeHHTbIe Y PYCCKHX HeBH,lJ;a.rrD:OB, H BCHK npe,lJ;6Y,lJ;yw;ee no CBoeMY pa3YMY 3aKJIIO'tIaeT, HO TaKOBhIM 3aKJlIOtleHHHM 3,lJ;eCb MeCTa HeTY, a ,lJ;JlH Kypbe3HOCTH npHJIOmy o,lJ;He MHe- HHH TaMOlliHHX rocno,lJ; cpH3HKOB, OT'tIerO OHe npoHcxo,lJ;HT. HHhIe rOBopHT, tlTO COJlHD:e B Mope KynaeTcH, H OTToro CBeT OKa3hIBaeTCH H CKpbIBaeTCH, a TpeCK 3Ha'tlHT, Kor,lJ;a OHO 0 BO,lJ;Y Y,lJ;apHeTCH. HHbIe CKa3bIBaIOT, 'tITO Mope ropHT B TO u BpeMH H OT ero BOJlHOBaHHH npOHCXO,lJ;HT ceH CTYK H ,lJ;BHme- HHe KOJlYMHOB. TaK HalliH OCTHKH CBOIO CPH3HKY TOJlKYIOT». KHHra 0 nyrelliecTBHH 3Kcne,lJ;HD:HH lIanJlaca TaKme 6bIJla B 6H6J1HOTeKe lIYlliKHHa H, 3aKpbIBaH ee rrocJle 'tITeHHH, n03T C nOJIHbIM rrpaBOM Mor CKa3aTb 0 CH6HPH: «TaM'tIY,lJ;eca!» 
i 262 BepCTa BaTh eBJlT3JI CnehI HeBH)I;aHHhIX 3Bepeii B TeMHHe TaM apeBHa TymHT, A 6ypbIH BOJIK eH BepHO CJIymHT. II YWKUH. Y Jl YKOMOPbJl Bac HHKora He YHBJIHJIO, nOtleMY Y IIYIlIKHHa BOJIK HMeHHO 6YPhI:H, a He CephI:H, KaKHM ero C03aJIa npHpoa H KaKHM OH TpHHOHHO H306pamaerrCH BO Bcex cpOJIhKJIOp- HhIX H JIHTepaTypHhIX HCTOtlHHKax? He 6e3 HCKJIIOtleHHH, eCTeCTBeHHO. B HeKOTophIX CKa3- Kax, KaK H B npHpoe, BCTpetlaeTCH 6eJIhIH BOJIK - aJIh6H- HOC. H3peKa nonaaeTCH tlepHhIH BOJIK. Ha AnTae H B ro- pax THHh- illaHH BOHTCH ame KpaCHbIH, OtleHh peKHH H BpH JIH H3BeCTHhIH IIYIlIKHHY. Ho BOT 6YPhIX, eCJIH BepHTb 3HaMeHHTOMY eCTeCTBOHcnhITaTeJIIO Bp3MY, B rrpHpoe He BCTpetlaeTC.H. qTO 3TO: CJIYtlaHHaH 0llIH6Ka BeJIHKOrO n03Ta HJIH, Ha- 060POT, OCMhICJIeHHaH H 3aKoHpoBaHHaH HHcpopMaHH, Ha KOTOPYIO HHKTO He 06paTHJI BHHMaHHH? B 0llIH6KY KaK-TO He BepHTCH. HHtlTO He MemaJIO IIYIlIKHHY HcrrpaBHTb ee, 3a- MeHHB «6YPbIH» Ha «cephIH», - HH pa3Mep, HH pHcpMa He nOCTpaaJIH 6bI. Ho OH 3Toro He ceJIaJI. 3Ha'tIHT, B 3TOM - 3aKOHpOBaHHa.H HHcpopMaH.H. KaKa.H? IIorrp06yeM OTbIC- KaTb ee B JlYKoMopbe. B JIereHax 06 OCTpOBe BY.HHe - 3eMJIe 60po.n;aTbIx CPH- rypHpYIOT BOJIKH, Ha KOTOphIX e3.n;HT 06HTaTeJIH OCTpOBa. B CBOIO O'tIepe.n;b Bp3M B «mH3HH mHBOTHbIX» rrO'tIepKH- 
263 i BaeT t tlTO e3,l);OBhIe JIaHKH CeBepO- BOCTotlHOH CH6HpH H 3C- KHMOCCKHe C06aKH tlpe3BhItlaHH IIOXOmH Ha BOJIKOB. OK- pac mepCTH JIaeK BCTpetlaeTCH caMhIH pa3Hoo6pa3HhIH, B TOM tlHCJIe H 6yphIH. He cH6HPCKYIO JIH e3,l);OBYIO co6aKY, KO- TopaH BepHO CJIymHT cH6HpHKaM TbICHtleJIeTHH, Ha3BaJI II03T <c 6YPbIM BOJIKOM» ? BOT KaK OIIHChIBaJI CH6HPCKHX co6aK yme H3BeCTHhIH HaM BacHJIHH 3yeB: <cCo6aKH Kam,l);hIH ,l);eHh He6hIBaJIhIM u TaM JIIO,l);HM HaBe,l);YT tlpe3BhItlaHHY CKYKY CBOHM BoeM, KO- TOphIH IIO BceMY ropo,l);Y pa3,l);aeTCH, TaKHM 06pa30M COH- ,l);YTCH co6aKH TPH HJIH 6oJIee, lIepBO IIO,l);epYTcH, IIOTOM Hatl- HYT BhITh, tlTO YCJIhIma IIpOtlHe co6aKH TO me IIO,l);DIMYT, H TaK BO BceM ropO,l);e (Bepe30BO) C,l);eJIaeTCH TaKOH BOH, tlTO H3 KOHa B KOHe lIepexO,l);HT, 6Y,l);TO Kapay JIhHhIe lIepeKJIH- KaIOTCH, CTOH Ha KapaYJIax, KpHtla: "C 60rOM! HOtlh HatlH- HaeM"» . Ha IIYTemeCTBeHHHKOB, IIO BhIpameHHIO 3yeBa - He6bI- BaJIhIX JIIO,l);eH, BlIepBhIe IIOlIaBmHX Ha CeBep, e3,l);a Ha co6a- Kax IIpOH3BO,l);HJIa HeH3rJIHMOe BlIetlaTJIeHHe H BIIOCJIe,l];- CTBHH ,l);aBaJIa IIHY ,l);JIH paCCKa30B, KOTopbIe, CO BpeMe- HeM 06paCTaH cpaHTaCTHtleCKHMH IIO,l);po6HOCTHMH, MOrJIH 06paTHTbCH B CKa3KH, lIo,l);o6HhIe CKa3Ke «HBaH-apeBHtI H u cephIH BOJIK» . Ho ,l];ame H PYKOIIHCH cepbe3HhIX aBTOpOB, K KOHM HeJIh3H He OTHeCTH MapKO lIoJIo, cO,l];epmaT Y,l];HBHTeJIbHbIe CBe,l];e- HHH 0 e3,l];OBbIX co6aKax: «Ha ceBepe, 3HaHTe, eCTb aph KaHqH. OH TaTapHH, H Bce ero IIO,lV];aHHhIe TaTapbI... Y HHX 60JIbllIHe Me,l];Be,l];H, Bce 6eJIbIe, H ,l];JIHHOIO B ,l];B8,lJ;aTb IIH- ,l];eH. ECTh TYT JIHCHbI, COBceM qepHbIe H 60JIb1lIHe, H ,l];HKHe OCJIbI; MHoro TYT ropHocTaeB; H3 HX IlIKYP ,l];eJIaIOTCH ,l];OpO- 
i 264 rHe IIIy6bI... BeJIoK 06HJIHe H MHOrO cpapaOHOBbIX KpbIC, H BCe JIeTO OHH HMH nHTaIOTCH, nOTOMY tlTO KpbICbI OtleHb mHpHbI. Ew;e Y 3TOrO n;apH eCTb TaKHe MeCTa, re HHKaKaH JIO- u u IIIab He npOHeT, 3TO CTpaHa, re MHoro 03ep H pyqeH- KOB; TYT 60JIbliiOH JIe, TpHCHHbI H rpH3b;...H 3Ta ypHaH u CTpaHa JIHTCH Ha TpHHn;aTb HHW;, H KambIH eHb eCTb CTOHHKa, re npHCTalOT rOHn;bI, tlTO XOHT no CTpaHe. Ha KamOH CTOHHKe O copOKa 60JIbIIIHX c06aK, HeMHoro no- MeHbIIIe OCJIa, H 3TH c06aKH B03HT rOHn;OB OT CTOHHKH K CTOHHKe... A BOT KTO CTopomHT CTOHHKY, caHTCH TaKme B caHH, norOHHeT c06aK H eeT oporolO KpaTtlaHIIIelO H JIyqIIIelO. Ha PyroH CTOHHKe KaK npHeYT - c06aKH H caHH yme rOTOBbI. . . » ¥nOMHHYTbIH MapKO IlOJIO n;apb KaHtlH (He nYTaTb C Kow;eeM, HMH KOToporo B peBHeCJIaBHHCKOH MHcpOJIOrHH 03HatlaeT 3MeH-TYtly, Hecyw;ylO XOJIO C CeBepa, OT KOTOPO- ro n;eneHeeT, KOCTeHeeT 3eMJIH) - BJIeTeJIb BOCTOtlHOH nOJIOBHHbI YJIycamyqH, npaBHYK 'tJHHrHcxaHa. Ero BJIa- eHHH 3aHHMaJIH 6acceHHbI BepXHeH H CpeHeH 06H C IIp- TbIliiOM H HHmHeH CbIpapbeH. B onHcaHHOH MapKO IlOJIO MeCTHOCTH 6e3 Tpya Y3Ha- eTCH 3anaHaH CH6Hpb H ee mHBOTHbIH MHp, 3a HCKJIlOtle- HHeM TaK HHKeM H He paCIIIHcppOBaHHbIX 3pKOJIHHOB a ew;e cpapaOHOBbIX KpbIC, B KOTOpbIX MomHO Y3HaTb 606pOB: «CKa3aHHe 0 tleJIOBen;eX He3HaeMbIX» C006W;8.JI0, tlTO HMH nHTaeTCH KaMeHCKaH caMOHb. II Bce-TaKH MapKO IlOJIO He CJIHIIIKOM HCKa3HJI HCTH- HY, tlero HeJIb3H CKa3aTb 0 ero ropa30 60JIee npOCBeeH- HbIX nOCJIeOBaTeJIHX, HaropOHBIIIHX 0 JIYKOMOPCKOM 
265 i 3Bepbe COBCeM HeCYCBeTHhIX He6hIJIHD:. .D:ame YBamaeMhIH HaMH rep6epmTeHH He H36emaJI SToro C06JIa3Ha: 4 PeKa KOCCHH (Ha.n;bIM) BhITeKaeT H3 JIYKOMOPCKHX rop; npH ee YCThe Haxo.n;HTCH KpenoCTh, KOTOpOIO HeKor.n;a BJIa.n;eJI KHH3h BeHD:a... H3 HCTOKOB me TOH peKH HaqHHaeTCH .n;PY- raH peKa KOCCHMa (Ka3hIM) H npOTeKmH qepe3 JIYKOMO- pHIO Bna.n;aeT B 60JIbmyIO peKY TaxaHHH, 3a KOTOpOH, KaK rOBopHT, mHBYT JIIO.n;H qy.n;oBHID;Horo BH.n;a... B peKe Tax- HHHe BO.n;HTCH TaKme HeKaH phI6a C rOJIOBOH, rJIa3aMH, HOCOM, pTOM, PYKaMH, HoraMH H .n;PyrHMH qaCTHMH co- BepmeHHO qeJIOBeqherO BH.n;a, HO 6e3 BCHKoro rOJIOca; OHa, KaK H .n;PyrHe PhI6hI, npe.n;CTaBJIHeT co6olO npHHT- HYIO nHID;Y» . rep6epWTeHHa 6YKBaJIhHO nOBTopHIOT PeHTeHcpeJIhC, A.rBaHhHHH H AH.n;pS TSBs, aBTOp 4 BceMHpHOH KOCMorpa- CPHH» (1575), D:HTaTY H3 KOTOpOH npHBe.n;eM HHme: .IIo TY CTOPOHY IIeqOpbI H illyropa (npHToK IIeqOphI) no HanpaB- JIeHHIO K ropaM "KaMeHHhIH IIOHC", KaK Ha 6epery MOpH, TaK H Ha 6JIH3JIemaID;HX OCTpOBax mHBYT pa3JIHqHhIe Ha- pO.n;hI, KOTOphIX PYCCKHe o.n;HHaKOBO 30BYT o6ID;HM HMeHeM "C8.MOe.n;hI" . . . OHH HMelOT MHoro BCHKOH nTHD:hI, pa3JIHqHhIX u nopo.n; H D:BeTOB 3BepeH C KpaCHBbIM MeXOM, KaK, HanpH- Mep, C060JIeH, KYHHD:, 606pOB, ropHOCTaeB, 6YPhIX Me.n;Be- .n;eH, BOJIKOB H .n;HKHX JIOma,n;eH (aBTOp He OWH6CH, rOBopH 0 JIOwa.n;HX, - BcnOMHHM HX BOJIbHOe co.n;epmaHHe Ha Te6e- HeBKe BorYJIaMH), a TaKme 60JIhWOe KOJIHqeCTBO 3aHD:eB. Cpe.n;H BO.n;HID;HXCH Y HHX 3BepeH Haxo.n;HTCH O.n;HH, KOTOPO- ro OHH 30BYT poccoMaxa, BeJIHqHHOIO C BOChMHMeCHtIHOrO TeJIeHKa H CTOJIh me KOBapHhIH, KaK JIhBhI H THrphI aCPPH- KaHCKHX nYCThIHh. 
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267 i tITO IIYIIIKHH, BTOpbIM CBOHM .H3bIKOM CtIHTaBIIIHH cppaH- Y3CKHH, rrocJle 3HaKOMCTBa C,HeH c,n;eJlaJI B CBOeH rraM.HTH OTMeTKY 0 HeBH,n;aHHbIX 3Bep.HX. BrrpOtIeM, COBceM He 06$1- 3aTeJlbHO eMY 6bIJlO tIHTaTb HMeHHO AH,n;pa TaBa. MomeT, aTO 6bIJI A. rBaHbHHH HJlH ,n;PyroH aBTOp. BamHO OTMeTHTb, tITO JlHTepaTypa 0 HeBH,n;aHHbIX 3Be- p.HX JIYKOMOpb.H cyecTBOB8.JIa H IIYIIIKHH HMeJl B03Mom- HOCTb C HeH 03HaKOMHTbC.H. IIpHtIeM aTO He 06.H3aTeJlbHO 6bIJla JlHTepaTypa HHOCTpaHHbIX aBTopOB. rpHropHH HOBH- KHH B «KpaTKOM orrHcaHHH 0 Hapo,n;e OCT.HKOM» rrHC8.JI 0 HeBH,n;aHHbIX 3Bep.HX: «06peTaIOTC.H CH.H HaHrratIe B rrpe,n;e- Jlax rrOJlYHOHbIX, tITO rrpHJlemaT K JIe,n;OBHTOMY OKeaHY... rpam,n;aHe Ha3bIBalOT KOCTH CH.H MaMOHTa 3Bep.H HeKoero 3eMHoro. Ho 0 HeM pa3J1HtIHO pa3YMe1OT: rOBOp.HT, tITO OH BJlarOIO 3eMHOlO mHBeT H B rreepax 3eMHbIX 06HTaeTC.H: HaHrratIe BJlroKHbIX, cyxoro H rrp03pat.IHOrO B03,n;yxa 60HTC.H CHJlbHO, H rJlarOJlIOT, Kor,n;a KaKHM HH6y,n;b cJlyqaeM rreepa ero orra,n;eT, H BbIH,n;eT Ha B03,n;yx H He BepHeTC.H BO BJlamHYIO rreepy, Tor,n;a OT B03,n;yxa rrorH6aeT H COCTaBJI.HeT KOCTH. IIo,n;06He ero H3'b.HBJI.HeT 6bITH: BbICOTOIO Tpex apIIIHH, ,n;JlH- HOIO rr.HTH apIIIHH, HorH rro,n;06HO Me,n;Be,n;lO, pora KpeCTo06- pa3HO CJlOmeHHbIe Ha ce6e HOCHT H Kor,n;a KorraeT rreepbI, Tor,n;a crH6aeTCH H rrpOCTHpaeTCH rro,n;06HO rrOJl3HerO 3MHH. HeKOTopbIe rrpe,n;rrOJlaralOT rrpOTHBHoe H YTBepm,n;aIOT, tITO He 6bIJlO cyecTBa MaMOHTa, KOCTH me Ct.IHTaIOT e,n;HHOpo- rOB HJlH HHbIX MOpCKHX 3BepeH, BO BpeM.H rrOTorra HoeBa BO- ,n;01O 3aHeceHHbIe H 06COXIIIHe Ha 3eMJle, OT CTapOCTH B 3eM- JlIO BpOCIIIHe». M ee MHoroe rrHCaJl HOBHKHH 0 HeBH,n;aH- HbIX H BH,n;aHHbIX CH6HPCKHX 3BepHX. MOH COBpeMeHHHKH JlYt.IIIIe Hero rrpe,n;CTaBJI.HIOT Terrepb MaMOHTa H ,n;HH03aBpa. 
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i 282 HHH IIpeMYAP&IH. CTecpaH IIepMcKHH B&IHY:>KAeH 6&IJI CpY- 6HT& npOKYAJIHBYIO 6epe3Y, a TpHcpOH BHTCKHH - HAOJIO- :>KepTBeHHYIO eJI&. mHTHH TpHcpOHa co06aIOT, qTO eru;e B 1618 rOAY BorYJIHqH He TOJI&KO Y JIHCTBeHHHn;DI MOJIHJIH B IOpTax, HO Aame npHHOCHJIH eH :>KepTB&I, «Manoro y6HJIH». KorAa MDI YKpawaeM HOBorOAHlO1O eJIKY n;enHMH H3 30- JIOTOH H cepe6pHHOH cpOJI&rH, a nOA Hee CTaBHM BaTHoro «eAa MOp03a», TeM CaM&IM, caMH Toro He C03HaBaH, no- BTopHeM pHTyan nOKJIOHeHHH AepeB&HM, HeKorAa cyru;e- CTBOBaBWHH Y HaIlIHX H3&IqeCKHX npeAKOB. PaCCY:>KAaH 0 CBHru;eHHOM AepeBe H 30JIOTOH n;enH, HeJI&3H He OCTaHOBHT&CH Ha n;eHTpaJI&HOM nepCOHa:>Ke nYWKHHCKoro JIYKOMOP&H - yqeHOM KOTe, BeAyeM CBOH POA OT H3BeCTHoro CKa30qHHKa KOTa BalOHa, nOJIyqHBWe- ro CBoe HMH OT CJIOB 6aHT& - paCCKa3&IBaT&, a MomeT, H OT y6aIOKHBaT&. CKa30QH&IH BalOH CBOHMH KOBapH&IMH nOBaAKaMH CpOAHH APyrOMY JIeCHOMY KOTY - P&ICH. Ho BOAHJICH B JIYKOMOp&e H APyroH, 60JIee JIaCKOB&IH KOT - CH6HpCKHH. KoweK, AaBWHX HaQanO nopOAe 3HaMeHHTbIX CH6HPC- KHX KOTOB, 3aBe3JIH B CH6HP& nepCbI, H3AaBHa ToprOBaB- I1IHe C ee CTOJIHn;eH. parOn;eHH&rH TOBap - nepCHACKHX KOllieK - AJIH y6JIa:>KeHHH CH6HPCKHX CaJITaHOB 6epe:>KHO Be3JIH no KapaBaHHOMY nYTH AO llcKepa, 6yyero T060JIb- CRa. CKOpO OHH paCIIJIOAHJIHCb HaCTOJIbKO, QTO H3BeCTHbIH eCTeCTBOHCIIbITaTeJIb BPSM, II06bIBaBllIHH B IIpOIlIJIOM BeKe B T060JI&CKe, OIIHCaJI HX KaK OTeJIbHYIO T060JIbCKYIO IIO- Poy. A Ha CeBepe, y xaHTOB H MaHCH, KOIliKH ee AOJIro OCTaBaJIHCb Qpe3BbIQaHHOH peKOCTblO H IIpeAMeTOM IIOQH- TaHHH. 
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_295 i KOpHHJIbeB paCCKa3bIBaJI l1oroHHY 0 qTeHHH B ero IIpH- CYTCTBHH JIHqHO I1YIIIKHHbIM «.BopHca rOYHOBa» Y BH- 3eMCKHX B MOCKBe. B 1830 roy <paKT 3HaKOMCTBa IIOTBepmaeT CaM I1YIII- KHH, CeJIaB HaIIHCb Ha o6opoTe qepHOBHKa CTHXOTBope- HHH, HaqHHalOm;erOCH CJIOBaMH «B Haqarre mH3HH IIIKOJIY IIOMHIO H» - «KopHHJIbeB IIpHe3marr'b pa3eJIHTb ropeCTb o IIOTepe JIyqIIIarO H3 JIIOeH». OCTaeTCH orMbIBaTbCH, qHTaJI JIH I1YIIIKHH mypHaJI CYMapOKOBa C yqaCTHeM B HeM MHXaHJIa H HaTarrbH I1YIlIKHHbIX. II eCJIH «llPTbIIII, IIpe- Bpam;alOm;HHCH B llIiOKpeHY» Bce-TaKH He IIOlIaJI B IIOJIe 3peHHH II03Ta, eCJIH YCKOJIb3HY JIa OT ero BHHMaHHH <ppa3a B OHOM H3 CH6HPCKHX IIHCeM PaHm;eBa: «I1YIIIKHH CTaBHT CBeqKY. . . » , TO caMa pOMaHTHqeCKaH HCTOpHH CCbIJIKH MH- XaHJIa I1YIIIKHHa H 06pOBOJIbHO IIOCJIeOBaBIIIeH 3a HHM era meHbI, OCTaBHBIIIeH PMH 3Toro CbIHa-MJIMeHa, HHKaK He MOrJIa ero MHHOBaTb. Y 30K 6bIJI IIYTb pOCCHHCKHX JIHTepaTopOB B XVIII BeKe! COIIIJIHCb B cH6HpCKOM 3aXOJIYCTHOM To6oJIbCKe HeJIerKHe oporH Tpex 3HaMeHHTbIX H3rHaHHHKOB - MHXaHJIa I1YIII- KHHa, AJIeKCaHpa PaHm;eBa H l1aHKpaTHH CYMapoKoBa, H KambIH H3 HHX OCTaBHJI CBOH CJIe B cH6HpCKOH HCTOpHH H pOCCHHCKOH JIHTepaType. CJIe, 3aMeqeHHbIH AneKcaH- pOM I1YIIIKHHbIM. KHHra CTHXOTBopeHHH H CKa30K 11.11. CYMapOKOBa 3a- HHJIa B 6H6JIHOTeKe I1YIIIKHHa IIOqeTHOe MeCTO, a 3a OHH H3 yeJIeBIIIHX 3K3eMIIJIHpOB «I1YTeIIIeCTBHH H3 l1eTep6yp- ra B MOCKBY», II06bIBaBIIIHH B TaHHOH KaHeJIHpHH, OH He IIomarreJI BYXCOT py6JIeH, CYMMY IIO TeM BpeMeHaM 3HaqH- TeJIbHYIO . 
t 296 HcnhIThIBaBII1HH nOCTOSlHHYIO HeXBaTKY CpeCTB, ITYlII- KHH npHo6peJI H <c C06p8.HHe OCT8.BlliHXCSI CO'tlHHeHHH nOKOH- HOrO AneKcaHpa HHKOJIaeBHtla PaHeBa». K nOHHMa- HHIO CH6HpH ITYlliKHH llieJI H tlepe3 Pa,n;HeBa, KOTOphIH BO BpeMSI BpeMeHHoro npe6hIBaHHSI B To6oJIhCKe nHCaJI: <c.D:o npHe3a clOa H3BeCTHoro IIYlliKHHa 3a CTOJIOM Bce nHBaJIH u H eaJIH H3 OHOH tlalliKH». To60JIhCKHH H HJIHMCKHH Y3HHK He Mor He npHBJIe'tlh BHHMaHHSI nOSTa, ropHBllierocSi TeM, 'tITO BOCJIe PaHe- BY BOCCJIaBHJI OH cBo6oy , H caMOMY He pa3 coporaBlliero- CSI YllieBHO OT HaBHcaBlIIeH yrpo3hI CH6HpCKOH CChIJIKH. H3Y'tIaSl6HorpacpHIO Pa,n;HeBa, IIYIIIKHH, BepOSITHO, 03Ha- KOMHJICa C ero <c COKpaeHHhIM nOBeCTBOBaHHeM 0 npHo6- peTeHHH CH6HpH», HanHcaHHhIM B HJIHMcKe. B 6HorpacpH- 'tIeCKOH 3aMeTKe 0 PaHeBe ITYlIIKHH nHCaJI: <cCeHaT oCY- HJI ero Ha cMepTh. rocyaphIHSI CMSlr'tlHJIa npHroBop. IIpecTynHHKa JIHlliHJIH 'tIHHOB H BOpSlHcTBa H B OKOBax CO- CJIBJIH B CH6Hph». B CT8The 0 PaHeBe OH o6paaeT BHH- MaHHe 'tIHTaTeJIeH Ha CTpO'tlKH, nocBSIeHHhIe EpMaKY B <C3a6aBHOH» n03Me Pa,n;HeBa <cBoBa», HanHcaHHoH HM no B03BpaeHHH H3 CH6HPH: «B3OXHY Ha TOM 51 MeCTe, re EpMaK C CBoeH PymH- u HOH C8S1Ch B JIOKH YCTpeMJISlJICSI B TY CTOPOHY ymaCHY, XJIaHY . . . » Ha npoTSlmeHHH eCSlTKa JIeT IIYlIIKHH co6HpaeT H Ha- KanJIHBaeT CBeeHHSI 0 CH6HpH H EpM8Ke. Ee B 1825 roy nOST npOCHT CBoero 6paT8 BhICJIaTh eMY <cCH6HpCKHH BecT- HHK» BeCh». H3aTeJIh <cBecTHHKa» r .H. CnaccKHH 'tIepe3 STOT myp- H8JI 3H8KOMHJI 'tIHTaTeJIeH C CH6HPCKHMH JIeTOnHCSlMH: CTpO- 
297 i u u u r8.HOBCKOH, 'tIepenaHOBCKOH H eCHnOBCKOH, nOBeCTBOBaBIIIH- MH 0 noxoax EpMaKa H HCTOpHH apCTBa CH6HpCKOrO. BpaT BbICJIaJI eMY nOJIHbIH KOMnJIeKT BeCTHHKa Cnac- CKOrO 3a 1818-1824 rObI, H IIYIIIKHH nOJIY'tIHJI B03MOiK- HOCTb C HHMH 03HaKOMHTbCH. H3BecTHo, 'tITO MHorHe PY- 3bH n03Ta 3HaJIH 0 ero HaMepeHHH HanHcaTb 0 EpMaKe: <cMHe nHIIIYT, 'tITO TbI 3aTeBaeWb HOBYIO n03MY EpMaKa, - CnpaBJIHJICH EBreHHH BapaTbIHcKHH B Ha'tlarre 1826 roa. - IIpeMeT HCTHHHO n03TH'tIeCKHH, OCTOHHbIH Te6H...» B 1821 roy BbIWJIa <c,n:YMa 0 EpMaKe» KOHpaTHH PbIJIee- Ba. PbIJIeeB npHCJIaJI IIywKHHY CBoero EpMaKa: <c3HalO, 'tITO TbI He iKaJIyewb MOH ",n:YMbI" .. .y6eiKeH yweBHo, 'tITO Ep- MaK, MaTBeeB-BoJIbIHCKHH, rOYHOB H HM noo6HbIe XOPO- WH H MorYT 6bITb nOJIe3HbI He JIH OHHX eTeH» . B 1833-1835 roax no CH6HpH nYTeweCTBOBaJI OHH H3 npHHTeJIeH IIywKHHa B.,n:. COJIOMHpCKHH - JIH'tIHOCTb B HeKOTopOM poe 3aMe'tlaTeJIbHaH. OH 6bIJI n060'tlHbIM CbI- HOM ,n:. T. TaTHeBa OT CBH3H ero co BOBOIO o6ep6eprMeH- CTepa H.A. TYP'tlaHHHOBoH, BJIeJIHeH nepMCKHX <CTYP- 'tIaHHHOBCKHX» iKeJIe30eJIaTeJIbHbIX 3aBOOB. B 1827 ro- Y, 6yyqH apTHJIJIepHHCKHM ocpHepoM, COJIOMHpCKHH no HH'tITOiKHOMY nOBOY BbI3Barr IIywKHHa Ha Y3JIb H nOJIY- 'tIHJI COrJIaCHe, HO C.A. C060JIeBCKHH, Y KOToporo iKHJI IIywKHH, CYMeJI npHMHpHTb Y3JIHHTOB. B B.JIbHeHWeM Y IIYIIIKHHa C COJIOMHpCKHM YCTaHOBHJlHCb npHHTeJIbCKHe OTHoweHHH. COJIOMHpCKHH 6bIJI He 'tIym JIHTepaTypbI, caM nHCaJI CTHXH, H IIYWKHH npOBOmaJI ero B CH6HPb, npOCHJI co6paTb 0 EpMaKe HapOHbIe paCCKa3bI H JIereHbI. B 1835 roy COJIOMHpCKHH npH6bIBaeT B To6oJIbCK. ITo- JIY'tIHB nHCbMO ITywKHHa C HanOMHHaHHeM 0 npocb6e, OH 
i 298 BCTpeqaeTCH C IIeTpoM CJIOBOBbIM, pa60TaBllIHM HM «Hc- TOpHqeCKHM 0603peHHeM CH6HPH». H3 T060JIbCKa COJIO- MHpCKHH co06aeT IIYIlIKHHY: «TbI rrpOCHJI MeHH rrHCaTb Te6e 0 EpMaKe, rrpeMeT, KOHeqHO, JIID60rrbITHbIH, HO, rro- MbIIlIJIHH 0 rrOe3Ke JIH p03bICKOB CJIeOB cero BOHTeJIH, H OCeJIb cHmy OMa». C CH6HpbID H T060JIbCKOM IIYIlIKHHa CBH3bIBaJIH MHoro- qHCJIeHHbIe PymecKHe HHTH. IIocJIe 1826 roa TaM OKa3a- JIHCb MHorHe ero TOBapHID;H H B HX qHCJIe IIYID;HH. OHOBpe- MeHHO C rrOCJIaHHeM «B CH6HPb» IIyrnKHH OTrrpaBHJI rrpeKpac- HOe CTHXOTBopeHHe, rrOCBHID;eHHoe H. IIym;HHY, qeM OCTaBHJI eMY HeorrHcyeMYID PMOCTb. IIYID;HH rrHCaJI: «IIYIlIKHH rrep- BbIH BC1'peTHJI MeHH B CH6HpH 3MYllIeBHbIM CJIOBOM. B CaMbIH eHb Moero rrpHe3a B "tJHTY rrpH3bIBaeT MeHH K qaCTOKOJIY A.r. MypaBbeB H OTaeT JIHCTOK 6YMarH, Ha KOTOpOM HeH3Be- CTHOID PYKOID HarrHCaHO 6bIJIO: "MOH rrepBbIH Pyr, MOH ,n;Pyr 6eceHHbIH..." OTPMHO OT03BaJICH BO MHe rOJIOC ITYIlIKHHa». BrrOCJIe,n;cTBHH H. IIYID;HH rrepeCJIaJI 3TO CTHXOTBope- HHe T060JIHKY, rr03TY IT.II. EpIlIOBY, KOTOpbIH qepe3 CBoe- ro ,n;Pyra IT.A. ITJIeTHeBa HarreqaTaJI 3TO CTHXOTBopeHHe B « COBpeMeHHHKe» yme B 1841 ro,n;y. IIYIlIKHH H EpllIOB 6bIJIH XOpOIliO 3HaKOMbI. BrrepBbIe rrpOqHTaB CKa3KY MOJIo,n;oro cH6HpHKa « KOHeK-rop6YHOK» , ITYIlIKHH CKa3aJI: «Terrepb 3TOT po,n; COqHHeHHH MomHO MHe H OCTaBHTb» . « ITYIlIKHH 3aHBHJI 0 HaMepeHHH co,n;eHcTBoBaTb EpllIOBY B H3,n;aHHH 3TOH CKa3KH C KapTHHKaMH H BbIrrYCTHTb ee B CBeT rro B03MomHO ,n;ellIeBoH eHe, B orpOMHOM KOJIHqeCTBe 3K3eMrrJIHpOB ,n;JIH pacrrpOCTpaHeHHH B POCCHH», - rrHCaJI 6JIHmaHllIHH ,n;Pyr EpllIoBa HpOCJIaBeB. A H.r. "tJepHbIllIeB- 
_299 i CKHH ,n;06aBJIHJI: «MHorHe 3HaIOT, C ( . . .) KaKHMH rrOXBaJIaMH BCTpeTHJI CKa3KY r. EpIIIOBa «KOHeK-rop6YHOK», KOTOpylO BHHMaTeJIbHO rrepeCMOTpeJI H rrepBbIe qeTbIpe CTHXa KOTO- pOH (rro CJIOBaM r. CMHp,n;HHa) rrpHHMJIemaT IIYIIIKHHY». IIYIIIKHH HHKor,n;a He 3a6bIBaJI CBOHX ,n;PY3eH-,n;eKa6pHC- TOB, oT6bIBalOHX CH6HPCKYIO CCbIJIKY. O,n;Ham,n;bI B 6ece,n;e C IIYIIIKHHbIM EpIIIOB CKa3aJI, qTO JII06HT CBOIO CH6Hpb H He meJIaeT JIytlIIIero MeCTOmHTeJIbCTBa. IIYIIIKHH OTBeTHJI: «,n:a BaM HeJIb3H H He JII06HTb CH6HPH, Bo-rrepBbIX, 3TO Ballia po,n;HHa, BO-BTOpbIX, 3TO CTpaHa YMHbIX JIIO,n;eH». EpIIIOB BcrrOMHHaeT: «MHe rrOKa3aJIOCb, qTO OH CMeeTCH. IIoTOM ym H rrOHHJI, qTO OH 0 ,n;eKa6pHCTax HarrOMHHaeT» *. Ha po,n;HHe EpIIIOBa B MIIIHMe OT6bIBaJIH CCbIJIKY A.M. O,n;oeBcKHH H B.M. illTeHHreJIb. B To6oJIbCKe mHJIH B.K. KIOXeJIb6eKep, A.M. MypaBbeB, M.A. Cl>OHBH3HH, II.C. Bo6pHeB-IIYIII- KHH H ,n;p. B HJIYTopoBcKe mHJIH M.M. IIYHH, M.M. My- paBbeB-ArrocTOJI, M.,n:. HKYIIIKHH, B.K. TH3eHraY3eH. ,n:PY- rHe ,n;eKa6pHcTbI OT6bIBaJIH CCbIJIKY B CypryTe, Bepe30Be, IIe- JIbIMe, KOH,n;HHCKOM. IIYIIIKHH co6paJI 0 CH6HpH 60raTeHIIIHH ,n;JIH CBoero BpeMeHH MaTepHaJI H MeqTaJI CaM rro6bIBaTb B CH6HPH, rrOBH,n;aTb CBOHX ,n;PY3eH-,n;eKa6pHcToB. K HeCqaCTblO, eMY He rrpHIIIJIOCb rro6bIBaTb B CH6HPH, He ,n;OBeJIOCb HarrHcaTb rr03MY 0 EpMaKe H rrOBeCTb 0 B. AT- JIaCOBe, HO co6paHHbIe HM CBe,n;eHHH 0 3eMJIe CH6HpCKOH He rrpOrraJIH BTYHe H ycrreJIH BbIrrJIeCHYTbCH B «JIYKOMOpbe» H «CKa3Ke 0 ape CaJITaHe». KameTCH, 3aBepIIIaeTCH ,n;JIHHHaH errb JIreH,n;, rrpe,n;a- HHH, ,n;ora,n;OK H MaJIeHbKHX OTKpbITHH, TaK HJIH HHaqe * 3naMencKuu M.C. 0 n03Te II.II. EpmoBe / / CH6HpcKHe orHH, 1940. N2 4-5. C. 239. 
i 3 00_ CBSlaaHHbIX C nymKHHcKHM JlYKOMOpbeM. If nopa 6bI nOCTa- BHTb TOqKY Ha HameM CKaaaHHH, ,n;a MemaeT ow;yw;eHHe, qTO O,l];HOrO 3aBepmaJOru;ero, aOJIOTOrO 3BeHa B IJ;enOtiKe Ha- u mHX paccy:m,l];eHHH He ,l];OCTaeT. He BbIabIBaeT COMHeHHH TOT <paKT, tlTO A.1IeKCaH,l];p IIyw- KHH 6bIJI npHBSiaaH K CH6HpH MHorHMH yaaMH, ma,l];HO BnH TblBaJI JIJ06ble BeCTH, H3 Hee HCXO,l];SiIU;He, H paHO HJIH no. a,l];HO KOJIHtleCTBO ,l];OJImHO 6blJIO nepeHTH B KaqeCTBO. «Y JIy- KOMOpbH» 3aKOHOMepHO ,l];OJImHO 6blJIO nOSlBHTbCSi. If OHO nOSlBHJIOCb. Ho Bce-TaKH, B KaKOM nHCbMeHHOM HCTOqHHKe HameJI IIYIIIKHH npOTOTHn CBoero JIYKOMOpbH? MomHo JIH B 6ec- u u KpaHHeM KHHmHOM Mope 1-laHTH TY e,l];HHCTBeHHYJO KHHry, KOTopaH no6y,l];HJIa n03Ta HanHcaTb CBOH, cTaBmHH 6ec- cMepTHblM, npoJIor? ,n:opomKa K oTBeTY Ha 3TOT HeJIerKHH Bonpoc ,l];OcTaTOqHO H3BHJIHCTa H npOXO,l];HT qepe3 Tpare,l];HJO «BOpHC rOYHOB » . BepCTa TpHu;aTh TpeThJl eJIa ,lJ;aBBO MHayomUX ,lJ;BeD IIpe,ZJ;aHHSI pYCCKHe HHtIYTb He YCTY- nalOT B cpaHTaCTH'tIeCKoI'i n033HH npe- ,ZJ;aHHSlM HpJIaH,ZJ;CKHM H repMaHCKHM. A. II YWKUH. IIucbMO II A. IIJ£emneey, 0"0/1,0 14 anpeJtR 1831 z. 3HMa 1924 rO,l];a. CeJIo MHXaHJIOBCKOe, qTO HenO,l];aneKY OT ,n;peBHeH rpaHHbI nCKOBCKHX aeMeJIb C JIHTBOH H 1l0JIbIlIeH, YTOHYJIO B CHerax. BeTep MeTeT Ha,n; cTapHHHoH 
301 i ,n;oporOH, no KOTOpOH XamHBaJIH nOJIKH JIme,n;MHTpHH, XBa- TaeT npHropIIIHH CHera H 6pocaer;r HX B OCBem;eHHoe OKHO 6apcKoro ,n;OMa. 3a MopoaHbIMH yaopaMH Ha CTeKJIaX TenJIO H THXO. JIHIIIb THmeJIbIe qaCbI HeYMOJIHMO OTCqHTbIBaJOT BpeMH ,n;a nOTpeCKHBaJOT CBeqH B KaH,n;eJIH6pax. Po6KaH u BOCKOBaH CJIeaa C OnJIbIBIIIeH CBeqH na,n;aeT Ha BOpOX CTa- pbIX 6YMar Ha CTOJIe. 3a CTOJIOM ITYIIIKHH. He CJIYIIIaH aa- BbIBaHHH aa OKHOM, OH TO JIHXopa,n;OqHO nHIIIeT, TO 6eama- JIOCTHO qepKaeT HanHcaHHoe, TO HepBHO KycaeT KOHqHK rYCHHoro nepa. Ha,n; qeM OH TaK HanpHmeHHO ,n;YMaeT, qTO MHHTCH n03TY B rJIYIIIH HarHaHHH? BcnoMHHaeTcH JIH eMY 1820 ro,n;, Kor,n;a cpe,n;H neTep6yprcKHx nOBec pacnpOCTpaHHJICH B,n;Pyr CJIYX, qTO aa HenOqTHTeJIbHbIe CaTHpHqeCKHe CTHXH OH 6y,n;TO 6bI 6bIJI BbICeqeH B CeKpeTHoH KaHeJIHpHH? ITpHnOMHHJIaCb ,n;Y3JIb C oCKop6HTeJIeM, 6eaYMHoe OTqaHHHe H MpaqHbIe ,n;YMbI 0 caMoy6HHcTBe? HJIH BCeMHJIOCTHBeHIIIee nOBeJIeHHe Ero MMnepaTopcKoro BeJIHqecTBa, c06JIarOBOJIHBIIIerO aaMe- HHTb COJIOBKH Ha MOJI,n;aBHIO? Bce Tenepb noaa,n;H: nepBaH yrpoaa CCbIJIKH Ha CeBep, TOCKJIHBbIe ro,n;bI KHIIIHHeBCKoro HarHaHHH, HanpaCHbIe omH,n;aHHH TopmeCTBa cnpaBe,n;JIHBOCTH, Ha,n;em,n;a BoaBpa- m;eHHH B CBeT K ,n;pyabHM H JIJ06HMbIM H, KaK ropM cpe,n;H HCHoro He6a, BbICOqaHIIIee nOBeJIeHHe oT6bITb B MHXaHJIOB- CKoe no,n; Ha,n;aop yea,n;Horo npe,n;Bo,n;HTeJIH ,n;BOpHHCTBa. 3a- TeM nOCTbI,n;HaH CJIemKa aa A.rreKcaH,n;poM, opraHHaOBaHHaH nepenyraHHbIM OTOM, nOCJIe,n;OBaBIIIaH aa 3THM ccopa, ce- u u u MeHHbIH CKaH,n;a.n C TeH,n;eHHeH nepepaCTH B yrOJIOBHOe ,n;eJIO 0 nOKYIIIeHHH Ha OTa H eme,n;HeBHoe omH,n;aHHe « py,n;- HHKOB cH6HPCKHX H JIHIIIeHHe qeCTH» . 
i 302 IIpOHH3bIBalOm;ee bIXaHHe CH6HpH OHeCJIOCb O nCKOBCKHX nOJIeH, 03H06HJIO nbIJIKYIO YllIY n03Ta H npo- HHKJIO Memy CTpOK PYKOnHCH Ha pa60'tleM CTOJIe n03Ta. CJIOBO «CH6Hpb» HeOHOKpaTHO 3BY'tIHT B ee TeKCTe. IIo rYCHHbIM nepOM pOmaeTCSI TpareHSI, paBHOH KOTOpOH He 6yeT B XIX BeKe, - «BopHc rOYHOB». ,IJ:eHcTBHe ee npo- HCXOHT TO B JIHTBe, TO B IIOJIbllIe, TO B MOCKBe, HO 3a BceM 3THM He3pHMO CTOHT CH6Hpb. BOT, HanpHMep, Cn;eHa B n;ap- CKHX narraTax. QapeBH'tI CPeop rOYHOB, CKJIOHeHHbIH Ha 'tIepTemOM 3eMJIH MOCKOBCKOH: «Halle n;apCTBO H3 KpaSl B KpaH. BOT, BHHllIb, TYT MOCKBa, TYT HOBropo, TYT ACT- paxaHb. BOT Mope. BOT nepMcKHe peMY'tIHe JIeca, a BOT CH6Hpb.. . » He CJIY'tIaHHO n;apeBH'tI He ynoMHHaeT Yparr - OH Tora BXOHJI B IIepMcKHH KpaH, 'tIepe3 peMY'tIHe JIeca KOToporo BeJIH nYTH B CH6Hpb. MHMO IIeJIbIMa - no nYTH CPeopa Kyp6cKoro, HJIH 'tIepe3 BepxoTYPbe - no nYTH EpMaKa. CTarr 6bI IIYllIKHH onHCbIBaTb 3TY peBHIOIO, COCTaBJIeH- HYIO B Ha'tlaJIe XVII BeKa, KapTY, eCJIH 6bI TO'tlHO He aHaJI 0 ee peaJIbHOM cym;ecTBOBaHHH. .H .n;YMaIO, HeT. ,IJ:o HallIHX .n;HeH OllIJIH Be TaKHe KapTbI, COCTaBJIeHHbIe rOYHOBbIM B pa3HbIe rObI. B JIaTHHCKOH JIereH.n;e K O.n;HOH H3 HHX, OT- neqaTaHHOH B 1613 ro.n;y B AMcTepaMe, npHMO rOBopHT- CH, 'tITO OHa COCTaBJIeHa no 'tIepTemy n;apeBH'tIa CPeopa ro- .n;YHOBa. ,IJ:PyraH « KapTa CH6HpH H 'tIaCTH To6oJIbCKa» 6bIJIa Hane'tlaTaHa B MOCKBe B 1668 ro.n;y no YKaay n;apH AJIeKCeH MHxaHJIoBH'tIa: « 176 ro.n;a HOH6pH B 15 .n;eHb, no YKa3Y n;apH H BeJIHKoro KHH3H AJIeKCeH MHxaHJIoBH'tIa, BceH BeJIHKaH H MaJIbIH H BeJIbIH POCCHH caMo.n;epmn;eB, a6HpaH ceH 'tIepTem B To6oJIbCKY aa CBH.n;eTeJIbCTBOM BCH- 
303 i KHX qHHOB JI1O,n;eH, KOTOpble B CH6HPCKHX BO BCeX ropo- ,n;ax H OCTpOraX KTO r,n;e 6blBaJI H'rOpO,n;KH H OCTpOrH H ypo- qHID;a H ,n;OpOrH H aeMJIH aHa10T nO,n;JIHHHO, H KaKHe XO,n;bl OT ropo,n;a,n;o ropo,n;a, ,n;a OT CJI060,n;bl ,n;o CJI060,n;bl, H ,n;0 KO- TOpOrO MeCTa H ,n;OpOrH H aeMJIH H ypOqHID;a H ,n;0 aeMeJIb B CKOJIbKY ,n;HeH H CKOJIbKY ea,n;y H BepCT, H r,n;e Me:>K CJI060,n; T060JIbCKOrO yea,n;y nOCTpOHTb OT npHXO,n;y BOHHCKHX JI1O- ,n;eH no BblCMOTPy CTOJIbHHKa H BoeBo,n;bl IIeTpa HBaHOBH- qa rO,n;YHOBa C TOBapHID;H, KaKHe KpenOCTH H no CKOJIbKY qeJIOBeK B KOTOpOM KpenOCTH noca,n;HTb ,n;parYH, K KaKOM KpenOCTH CKOJIbKY Xo,n;y ,n;HeH H He,n;eJIb cTenb10 H BoaaMH :>K,n;o KHTaH, H TO nHcaHO B qepTe:>K nopoaHb, CO CTaTbHMH B Kpyrax, TaK:>Ke aa CBH,n;eTeJIbCTBY HHoaeMeB H npHea- :>KHX Byxapn;OB H CJIY:>KHJIbIX TaTap». 9Ta PYKonHCb, xpaHHBllIaHCH B PYMHHeBCKOM Myaee, co,n;ep:>KaJIa H onHcaHHe qepTe:>Ka nepBOH KapTbl CH6HpH. ,D:OJIroe BpeMH caM qepTe:>K CqHTaJICH YTepHHHblM ,n;o Tex nop, nOKa ero He OTblCKaJI Hop,n;eHllIeJIb,n; B CTOKrOJIbMCKOM rocy,n;apCTBeHHOM apXHBe, C HMnHCHMH, nepeBe,n;eHHblMH Ha IlIBe,n;CKHH HablK. B mBeH1O STOT qepTe:>K nonaJI qepea nocpe,n;CTBO KJIaca 1l0raHHa IIp1OTa, COCTOHBllIero npH IlIBe,n;CKOM nOCOJIbCTBe B MocKBe B 1668-1669 ro,n;ax. IIp1OT aanHCaJI B CBoeM ,n;HeBHHKe: «IIpHJIo:>KeHHY1O JIaH,n;- KapTY CH6HpH H nOrpaHHqHblX C HeH CTpaH H CKOnHpOBaJI 8 HHBapH 1669 ro,n;a B MocKBe HaCTOJIbKO XOpOIlIO, HaCKOJIb- KO STO 6blJIO BOaMO:>KHO c,n;eJIaTb c nJIOXO coxpaHHBllIerOCH OpHrHHaJIa, ,n;aHHoro MHe JIHllIb Ha HeCKOJIbKO qaCOB KHH- aeM llBaHoM A.rreKceeBHqeM BOpOTbIHCKHM, C TeM qT06bl H ee TOJIbKO nOCMOTpeJI, HO OTH1O,n;b He CqepqHBaJI». BTopaH KonHH 6blJIa CHHTa KpOHeMaHOM, KOTOpblH nHCaJI: « KapTY 
t 304 Bcex 3THX CTpaH H CH6HpH ,n;0 KHTaSl, KOTOpylO npHCJIaJI He,n;aBHO no YKaay Ero BeJIHqeCTBa T060JIbCKHH BoeBo,n;a ro- ,n;YHOB, nOKaaaJIH H MHe, H SI CHSlJI KonHIO, nOJIyqHB n03BO- JIeHHe npo,n;epmHTb Y ce6S1 ee O,n;HY HOqb». BbIJIa ew;e KonHSI, CHSlTaSl IDBe,n;CKHM OcpHn;epOM SPH- KOM IIanbMKBHCTOM, a B O,n;HOM H3 qaCTHbIX a:pXHBOB OTbIC- K3.JIaCb KapTa rpacpHHH BOpOHn;OBOH-,[J:aIlIKOBOH, B KOTOpOH OKa3aJICSI H BbIllIeynoMHHYTbIH qepTe:m II. rOYHOBa Ha PYCCKOM Sl3bIKe. CJIe,n;yeT BcnOMHHTb eIle KapTY BHTceHa, npHJIo:meHHYIO K ero TPYY <cCeBepo- BOCTOqHaSl TaTapHSI». BHTceH CqHTanCSI OC060H, 6JIH3KOH K TIeTPY BeJIHKOMY, H nOTOMY ero KapTa CqHTanaCb KonHeH PYCCKHX OcpHn;HaJIb- HbIX KapT, KOTopbIe, no MHeHHIO yqeHbIX, CqHTaJIHCb OKOH- qaTeJIbHO YTepSlHHbIMH JISI HaYKH. KaK KapTa reCceJISI reppHTca, COCTaBJIeHHa.f.l no aBTO- rpacpy n;apeBHqa <l>eopa rOYHOBa, OHa nOqHTaJIaCb KonH- eH 60JIbllIOrO qepTe:ma, H60 n;apeBHq He Mor He nOJIb30BaTb- CSI OcpHn;HanbHbIMH ,n;aHHbIMH, TaR H B OCHOBY KapTbI BHT- ceHa 6bIJIH nOJIOmeHbI CqHTaBIDHecSI YTepSlHHbIMH qepTe:m IIeTpa rO,n;YHOBa H qepTe:m CH6HpCKOH 3eMJIH PeMe30Ba 1672 ro,n;a. KapTa BHTceHa npe,n;CTaBJI.f.IeT CHHTe3 060HX OKYMeHTOB. Yme npH HMnepaTpHn;e EKaTepHHe II, B 1792 roy, BbIXOHT HOBbIH ATJIac: <cPOCCHHCKHH aTJIaC 1'13 44 KapT COCTOSlW;HH H Ha 42 HaMeCTHHqeCTBa HMnepHIO pa3,n;eJI.f.IIOUJ;HH». ATJIaC 6bIJI rpaBHpOBaH H HaneqaTaH B THnorpacpHH npH rOpHOM yqHJIHUJ;e, KOTOpa.f.l C 1791 roa ynpaBJISlJIaCb rpacpoM MYCHHbIM-IIYIIIRHHbIM. KaK MbI BH- u u ,lI;HM, C O,n;HOH H3 3THX KapT, B TOM 'tIHCJIe H C KOIIHeH C RapTbI n;apeBH'tIa Cl>eopa, IIYIlIKHH BnOJIHe Mor 03HaKOMHTbC.f.I KaK u B JIHn;eHCKHe, TaK 1'1 B nOCJIeYIOUJ;He rObI. 
305 i B MHXaHJIOBCKOM, OCKop6JIeHHbIH H OTBepmeHHbIH, ITYIlIKHH HeT YTellIeHHH B pa6oTe, pa3MbIlliJISleT Ha HC- TOpHeH rocyapcTBa POCCHHCKOrO, npHMepSleT K ce6e ca- MOMY cYb6y BeJIHKHX H3rHaHHHKOB npOlIIJIOrO H BCepbe3 nOYMbIBaeT 0 BbIe3e 3a npeeJIbI HMnepHH. MHXaMJIOB- CKOMY Y3HHKY CTaHOBHTCH OC06eHHO 6JIH3KH H nOHHTHbI He- nOKopeHHbIe repOH: B03BbICHBiliHe rOJIOC npOTHB rp03HbIX BJIaCTHTeJIeH CeMeH H AHpeH Kyp6cKHe, YlIIeIlIHH OT npa.. Bema H nJIaXH B CH6Hpb EpMaK, OTnpaBJIeHHbIe no 06JIbIm- HOMY 06BHHeHHIO B CH6HPCKYIO cJIym6y npeKH poa ITYIlI- KHHbIX. II KaK pe3YJIbTaT pa3YMHH Ha HX eHHHHMH H cYb6aMH, B HanHcaHHYIO OnaJIbHbIM nOSTOM TpareHID 0 ape BopHce, BonpeKH HCTOpHqeCKOH npaBe, BBeeHbI KHH3b Kyp6cKHH H OCTacpHH IIYIlIKHH, Ha caMOM eJIe yqa- CTHH B onHcaHHbIX C06bITHHX He npHHHMaBllIHe. MbICJIb 0 conpOTHBJIeHHH HaCHJIHIO H 3JIY 6pOHJIa B rOJIO- Be OCKop6JIeHHOrO HecnpaBeJIHBOCTblO IIYllIKHHa H He Mor JIa He nOHBHTbCH B TpareHH. B ceHe «KPaKOB. AOM BHllIHeBe- Koro» nOST CBOHT BMeCTe OHoro H3 CBOHX npeKOB raBpHJIy IIYllIKHHa H Kyp6cKoro. BOT BbIepmKa H3 TeKCTa: «CaMo3BaHe: ...Ho KTO, CKamH MHe IIYIlIKHH, Kpaca- Be ceH? IIYIlIKHH: KHH3b Kyp6cKHH! CaMo3BaHe: lIMH rpOMKO! (Kyp6cKOMY). TbI pocTBeH- HHK Ka3aHcKoMY repOID? Kyp6cKHH: 51 CbIH ero... CaMo3BaHe: BeJIHKHH YM! Mym 6HTBbI H cOBeTa! Ho C TOH nopbI, Kora HBJIHJICH OH, CBOHX 06H OmeCTOqeHHbIH MCTHTeJIb, C JIHTOBaMH no BeTxHH ropo OJIbrHH, MOJIBa o HeM YMOJIKJIa. 
i 306 Kyp6cKHH: MOH OTe B BOJIbIHHH npOBeJI OCTaTOK :>KH3- HH, B nOMeCTHHX, :>KaJIOBaHHbIX eMY BaTOpHeM. Y eHHeH H THX, B HaYKaX OH HCKaJI ce6e OTpabI...» He TporaH JIHqHOCTH CaM03BaHa, He HMerom;ero OT- HOllIeHHH K CH6HpCKOH TeMe, pa3Y3HaeM nonopo6Hee 0 PyrHx yqaCTHHKax aToH ceHbI: raBpHJIe IIYllIKHHe H Kyp6cKOM. ToqHee, cpa3Y 0 BYX Kyp6cKHx - oTe H CbIHe. 0 raBpHJIe COXpaHHJIHCb 3anHCH caMoro IIYllIKHHa. OKa3bIBaeTCH, YMHbIH BOpHHHH raBpHJIa rpHrOpbeBHq IIYllIKHH npH6bIJI no 3HaMeHa JI:>KeMHTpHH npHMHKOM H3 CH6HPH, re OH CJIymHJI nHCbMeHHbIM rOJIOBOH npH ne- JIbIMCKOM BoeBoe. «raBpHJIa IIYllIKHHa, - nHCaJI 0 HeM noaT, - H H306pa3HJI ero TaKHM, KaKHM HallIeJI B HCTO- pHH H B HallIHX ceMeHHbIX 6YMarax. OH 6bIJI OqeHb TaJIaH- TJIHB - KaK BOHH, KaK npHBopHbIH H B oco6eHHOCTH KaK 3arOBOpm;HK» . IIYllIKHH HCKaJI B HCTOpHH H ceMeHHbIX 6YMarax. IIpe- CTaBJIHeTCH HeBepOHTHbIM, qTo6bI OH He HaTKHYJICH B HHX Ha CBeeHHH 0 CH6HpCKOM nepHoe poa IIYllIKHHbIX H He 3aHHTepeCOBaJICH HM. Tenepb 06paTHMCH K «Ka3aHCKOMY reporo». TaK CaMO- 3BaHe Ha3bIBaeT B TpareHH KHH3H AHpeH MHxaHJIoBH- qa Kyp6cKoro (1528-1583), pOOM H3 ProPHKOBHqeH. B MOJIOOCTH OH 6bIJI JIro6HMeM HBaHa IV H npHHHMaJI aK- THBHoe yqaCTHe BO B3HTHH Ka3aHH. B aJIbHeHllIeM OH Boe- BaJI npOTHB IIOJIbllIH, B OHOM H3 60eB nOTepneJI nopa:>Ke- HHe H, onacaHCb rHeBa rp03Horo, nepellIeJI Ha nOJIbCKYIO CTOPOHY. 06JIaCKaHHbIH BaTopHeM, Kyp6cKHH BO rJIaBe O,n;HOH H3 nOJIbCKHX apMHH BOeBaJI npOTHB rp03Horo H OC8.JK- ,n;aJI IIcKoB. Y Kyp6cKoro ,n;eHcTBHTeJIbHO 6bIJI CbIH MHT- 
307 i PHH, pO,n;HBIlIHHCH B lIOJIbllie B 1581 ro,n;y, HO HHKaKoro a- CTHH B aBaHTlOpe caMoaBaHa OH He rrpHHHMaJI. 3aqeM me 6bIJIO AJIeKcaH,n;PY CepreeBHqy BBO,n;HTb B CBOIO Tpare,n;HIO o6paa BTopOCTerreHHbIH H K CMYTe He rrpH- qaCTHbIH? PaaBe rrOTepHJIa 6bI Tpare,l];HH 6ea AMHTpHH Kyp6cKoro? lIoqeMY Ha rrpOTHmeHHH MHorHX JIeT He OCTaB- JIHeT rr03Ta 06aHHHe JIHqHOCTeH Kyp6cKHX? lIoqeMY B Tpa- re,n;HH lIYIlIKHH paCCKaabIBaeT 0 TOM, qTO AH,n;peH Kyp6- CKHH, K C06bITHHM BopHCOBa apCTBOBaHHH HHKaKoro Ka- CaTeJIbCTBa He HMeBIlIHH, OCTaTOK mHaHH rrpOBeJI B ye,n;HHeHHH H HCKaJI ce6e OTPMbI HMeHHO B HaYKax? KaKOH CKpbITbIH CMbICJI H KaKYIO HHcpopMaHIO BJIOmHJI B 3TH CTpO- KH rr03T? lIpHMbIX OTBeTOB Ha 3TH BorrpOCbI lIYIlIKHH HaM, K CO- maJIeHHIO, He OCTaBHJI, HO rrorrbITaTbCH OTbICKaTb HCTHHY MomHO. M rrOMomeT HaM caM KaaaHCKHH repOH». B JIHq- HOH 6H6JIHOTeKe lIYIlIKHHa BoabMeM KHHry  CKaaaHHH KHH- aH Kyp6cKOrO» H OTKpoeM Ha KOMMeHTapHH YCTpHJIOBa, KOTOpbIH C006m;aeT: AH,n;peH MHXaHJIOBHq Kyp6cKHH. Ha 21 ro,n;y mHaHH corrYTCTBOBaJI MoaHHY rro,n; CTeHbI KaaaHH, B aBaHHH CTOJIbHHKa H Haxo,n;HJICH B ecaYJIax. lIo BoaBpa- m;eHHH Ha CTpaHbI KaaaHcKoH 6bIJI HaaHaqeH BoeBO,n;olO B lIpoHcK, Kor,n;a Ty,n;a omH,n;aJIH HallIeCTBHH KpbIMCKHX Ta- Tap. CrrYCTH ro,n; Kyp6CKHH HaqaJIbCTBOBaJI yme lIpaBoIO PYKOIO Bcero apCKoro BOHCKa Ha 6eperax OKH, rOTOBHCb BCTpeTHTb coe,n;HHeHHoe BOHCKO TaTap KpbIMCKHX H KaaaH- CKHX. B 1552 ro,n;y BMeCTe C KHHaeM eHHTeBbIM OH paa- 6HJI TaTap Ha 6eperax peKH illHBOpOHH. B meCTOKOH 6HTBe eMY HCCeKJIH rOJIOBY, rrJIeqH, PYKH, HO HeCMOTpH Ha TO, 20 aBrYCTa 1552 ro,n;a, B 24 ro,n;a CHOBa KOMaH,n;yeT lIpaBoIO 
i 3 08 PYKOIO npH ocae Ka3aHH H CHOBa H3paHeH». B 1556 roy 3a paTHbIe no6ebI OH 6bIJI B03BeeH B OCTOHHCTBO 60HPH- Ha. B JIHBOHCKYIO BOHHY Kyp6cKHH B Ba MeCHa oepmaJI BoceMb no6e Ha pbIapHMH, B3HJI B nJIeH MHoro KOMaH- OpOB, pa3rpOMHJI JIHBOHHIO H OTKpbIJI PyrHM BoeBoaM nYTb K no6eaM. Ho B 1563 roy OH npOHrp8JI JIHTOBaM 6HTBY no HeBeJIeM H, onacaHCb MeCTH rp03Horo, YKPbIJICH B IIoJIbwe. TaM OH nOCBHTHJI ce6H HaYKaM, nHCaJI CBOH «CKa3aHHH» H BeJI H3BHTeJIbHYIO nOJIeMHqecKYIO nepenHc- KY c apeM HBaHoM rp03HbIM, nOBepraH OCTpOH KpHTHKe ero rocyapcTBeHHoe npaBJIeHHe H oKpymeHHe. IIpeKpacHoe B eJIOM COqHHeHHe Kyp6cKoro He MeHee 3aMeqaTeJIbHO B nopo6HOCTHX: HCTOpHK onHCbIBaJI He no CJIyxaM, a no co6CTBeHHbIM Ha6JIIOeHHHM, no KpaHHeH Mepe 60JIbWYlO qaCTb BamHeHWHX C06bITHH. ,n:eJIa MHHYB- WHe pe3KO 3aneqaTJIeJIHCb B ero naMHTH, H JIeTOIIHCY CTO- HJIO TOJIbKO nepeaTb BepHO CBOH BneqaTJIeHHH, qTo6bI Ha- pHCOBaTb mHBYIO KapTHHY. IIHcbMa Kyp6cKoro K HoaH- HY - 6JIeCTHHH 06pa3e paHHeH pOCCHHCKOH ny6JIHHCTHKH. IIepBbIH PYCCKHH HCCHeHT Kyp6cKHH 3a- HHMaJICH H nepeBoaMH C JIaTHHCKoro. OH nepeBeJI 6ecebI 3JIaTOYCTa H qHTaJI Toro me rep6epWTeHHa, 0 qeM 3anH- carr: «.. .KHH3b BeJIHKHH BaCHJIHH MOCKOBCKHH no MHorHM 3JIbIM H conpOTHB 3aKOHa BomHH eJIOM CBOHM H CHe npH- JIOmHJI... mHBWH C meHOIO CBoelO nepBOIO COJIOMOHHHIO BaTb weCTb JIeT OCTpHr ee BO MHHweCTBO... H nOHHJI ce6e EJIeHY , epb r JIHHCKoro. . . A OT MHpCKHX CHrKJIHTOB B036paHHJI eMY CeMeH, peqeHHbIH Kyp6cKHH, C poy KHH- :>KaT CMOJleHCKHX H HpOCJIaBCKHX; 0 HeM :>Ke H 0 CBHTOM :>KHTeJIbCTBe ero He TOKMO TaMO PYCCKaH 3eMJIH BeOMa, HO 
309 i H rep6epIIITeH, HapOqHTbIH Mym QecapCKHH H BeJIHKHH nOCOJI Ha MOCK Be 6bIJI H YBeB.JI,  B KpOHHe CBoeH CBHe- TeJIbCTByeT, IOme JIaTHHCKHM H3hIKOM... OH me npe,n;peqeHHbIH BaCHJIHH BeJIHKRH, naqe me B nperopOCTH H B JIIOTOCTH KHHaH CeMeHa OT O'tleH CBOHX OTO- rHRJI, ,n;ame O CMepTH ero». BbICTpO MeHHJIH n;apH MHJIOCTh Ha rHeB, H BeaJIO Ha ona- JIbI H HarHaHHSI KHH3bSlM Kyp6cKHM, IDKe eCJIH OHH Ha HHX <c KHH3b :EOrOpCKHH) , a ,n;pyroH - « repOH KaaaHCKHH» . CTOJIb CHJIbHbIe xapaKTephI H TparHtleCKHe cYb6bI He MOrJIH He aap;eTb nbIJIKOe Boo6pa:meHHe n03Ta H He aanaCTh B ,n;YIIIY. IIo,n; o6aHHHeM KHSlaeH Kyp6cKHX IIYIIIKHH HaXOHJICH BCIO CBOIO mHaHh. B Tpare)];HH <cBOpHC rOYHOB) eCTb ee OHH yqaCTHHK KaaaHCKoro noxo,n;a H BepoSlTHbIH THnam AH,n;peH Kyp6c- Koro. aTO CTapen; IIHMeH. IIepeHeceMcH B MocKoBcKHH KpeMJIh, B qyOB MOHRC- TbIpb - BeeHHe MOCKOBCKoro naTpHapxa. HTaK - HOqb. KeJIbH B qyOBOM MOHaCTbIpe. IIHMeH: (cEe OHO nOCJIe,n;Hee CKaaaHhe, H JIeTOnHCh OKOHtIeHa MOSl... ,n:a Be,n;alOT nOTOMKH npaBOCJIaBHbIX 3eM- JIH pO,n;HOH MHHYBIlIYIO cy,n;h6y, CBOHX ape:H BeJIHKHX no- MHHRIOT. 3a HX Tpy,z:r:bI, aa CJIaBY, aa ,ZJ;o6po, a aa rpeXH, 3R TeMHhIe ,n;eSlHbSl CnaCHTeJISI CMHpeHHO YMOJISIIOT. . . ) rpHropHH: <c.. .OH JIeTOnHCb CBOIO BeeT, H qRCTO SI yro- aTb XOTeJI, 0 qeM OH nHweT? 0 TeMHOM JIH BJIa,n;blqeCTBe TaTap? 0 KaaHSIX JIH CBHpenbIX MoaHHa? 0 6YPHOM JIB HO- Boropo,n;CKOM Beqe? 0 CJIaBe JIH OTeqeCTBa? ..) ITHMeH: <c.. .MHe qy,n;SlTCSI TO WYMHbIe fiHpbI, TO paTHbIH CTRH, TO CXBaTKH 60eBble, 6eaYMHbIe nOTeXH IOHbIX JIeT!..» 
i 310 rpHropHH: «.. .KaK BeCeJIO IIpOBeJI CBOIO ThI MJIaOCTh! ThI BOeBaJI IIO 6aHHMH Ka3aHH. ThI paTh JIHTBhI IIPH illYHCKOM OTpajKaJI. ThI BHeJI BOp H pOCKomh lloaHHa! CqaCT JIHB. . . » IIpepBeM rpHropHH, qTo6hI OCMhICJIHTh HH<popMaHlO o IIHMeHe. BaM He KajKeTCH, MOH qHTaTeJIh, qTO 6Horpa- <pHH cTapa YHBHTeJIhHO IIoxoma Ha 6Horpa<pHlO AHpeH Kyp6cKoro H coepmHT OHH H Te jKe jKH3HeHHhIe BeXH: Ka- 3aHcKHH IIOXO, mYMHhIe IIHphI Bopa lloaHHa, CXBaTKH 60eBhIe H JIHBoHcKaH BOHHa. llMeHHo 3TH 3IIH30hI OIIHca- HhI B JIeTOIIHCH BpeMeH llBaHa rp03Horo - CKa3aHHHX KHH- 3H Kyp6cKoro. IIoxojKe, qTO IIymKHH H36paJI IIpOTOTHIIOM IIHMeHa AHpeH Kyp6cKoro B cTapocTH, Kora: «yeHHeH H THX, B HaYKax OH HCK8.JI ce6e oTpahI». IIHMeH rOBopHT: «Ew;e OHO IIOCJIeHee CKa3aHhe, H JIe- TOIIHCh OKOHqeHa MOH...» A JIeTOIIHCh AHpeH Kyp6cKoro TaK H Ha3BaHa - «CKa3aHHH». BIIpOqeM, 3TO He eHH- CTBeHHoe COBIIaeHHe, IIOTBepjKalOw;ee CIIpaBeJIHBOCTh Hamero IIpeIIOJIOjKeHHH. BOT IIHMeH o6paw;aeTCH K rpH- ropHlO: «IIoYMaH, ChIH, ThI 0 apHx BeJIHKHX. KTO BhIme HX? HHKTO. A qTO jK? qacTo 3JIaThIH BeHe THjKeJI HM CTa- HOBHJICH: OHH ero MeHHJIH Ha KJIo6YK. aph lloaHH HCK8.JI YCIIOKoeHhH B IIoo6HH MOHameCKHX TPYOB. Ero Bope, JI106HMeB rophIX IIOJIHhIH, MOHaCThIpH BH HOBhIH IIPH- HHMaJI: KPOMEillHllKll B TacphHx H BJIaCHHHax IIOCJIym- HhIMH HBJIHJIHCh qepHeaMH...» B 3TOM OIIHcaHHH MHoro H3 « llcTopHH rocyapcTBa POC- CHHCKoro» H.M. KapaM3HHa, BJIHHHHIO KOTOpOH qaCTO IIpHIIHChIBalOT C03aHHe IIymKHHhIM «BopHca rOYHoBa». Bce B 3TOH ceHe Bpoe 6hI IIO KapaM3HHY, 3a HCKJIlOQeHH- 
311 i eM OHoro CTpaHHoro CJIOBa - KpOMemHHKH. qTO 3TO 3a CJIOBO TaKoe H oTKya 3aHMCTBoarr ero IIymKHH, rrpejKe qeM BJIOjKHTh B YCTa IIHMeHY? llHora rOBopHT «ThMa KpOMemHaH» - 3HaqHT, KpO- MemHHK - rrpeCTaBHTeJIh MHpa ThMhI, HCqaHe aa? Tor- a rrOqeMY OHH orryw;eHhI B MOHacThIph? qTO-TO 3eCh He TaK. IIorrpo6yeM crrpaBHThCH y COBpeMeHHHKa A.C. IIym- KHHa, aBTopa «TOJIKOBOrO CJIOBapH pYCCKoro H3hIKa» B.ll. .n:arrH.llw;eM CJIOBO «KpOMemHHKH». OKa3hIBaeTcH, y Tw;aTeJIhHO co6HpaBmero KpyrrHHKH PYCCKOH peqH .n:arrH CJIOBa « KpOMemHHK» HeT. A 3HaqHT, MOjKHO C rrOJIHOH YBe- peHHOCThlO CqHTaTh, qTO BO BpeMeHa IIymKHHa ero B XOy He 6hIJIO. ECTh - KpOMcaTh, KpOMmHTh, T.e. pe3aTh, CTPHqh, KpomHTh, KaK rrorraJIo. A CJIOBO «KpOMemHHK» OTCYTCTByeT. He Mor jKe IIymKHH caM 3TO CJIOBO BhIy- MaTh - He Ha6JIIOarrOCh 3a HHM 3TaKoro 030pCTBa. re-TO OH ero rr03aHMCTBOBarr. OH8.KO re-TO YjKe rrOrr8)J;aJIOCh MHe 3TO CJIOBeqKO. 3aKa- 3hIBaK> B 6H6JIHOTeKe « CKa3aHHH KHH3H Kyp6cKOrO», C Tpe- rreTOM OTKphIBalO KOjKaHhIH rreperrJIeT H TOqHO: B rJIaBe V C Ha3BaHHeM «Haqarro 3JIY», OKa3hIBaeTCH, TeKCT rrOqTH HeH- THqHhIH TOMY, qTO rrpOH3HOCHT qyOBCKHH MOHax IIHMeH. Kyp6cKHH 06paeTCH K aplO llBaHY IV: «.. .aph BeJIHKHH XpHcTHaHcKHH. A 3a COBeTOM JII06HMhIX TBOHX JIaCKaTeJIeH H 3a MOJIHTBaMH qyoBcKoro JIeBKH H rrpOqHX BCeJIYKaBhIX MHHXOB, qTO o6poro H rrOXBaJIhHOrO H Bory yroHoro rrpHo6- peJI eCH? Pa3Be crrYCTomeHHe 3eMJIH TBoeH, OBO OT Te6H CaMO- ro C KpoMemHHKH TBOHMH, OBO OT rrpepeqeHHOrO rrca Bycyp- MaHCKOrO, - H K TOMY 3JIYlO CJIaBY OT OKpeCTHhIX cyceoB, H rrpOKJIHTHe H HapeKaHHe CJIe3HhI OTO Bcero Hapoy?» 
i 3 12 3eCh Kyp6cKHH ynoMHHaeT 0 MOJIHTBaX n;apH B TOM ca- MOM qyOBOM MOHaCThIpe, re mHBeT ITHMeH ITYlIIKHHa, H o KpOMelIIHHKaX. B <cCKa3aHHHX» KpOMelIIHHKH ynoMHHa- IOTCSI ew;e HeOHOKpaTHO: <c.. .JIIOThIM KpOMelIIHHKaM nOBe- JIeJI H3BJIeW;H ero, eBa hIlIIyw;a H 06HTH...» ITo BCeMY BHHO, qTO KpOMelIIHHKH - 3TO H3BeCTHhIe HaM OnpHqHH- KH, a caMO CJIOBO npOH3BeeHO OT <CKpOMe», CHHOHHMa <con- PHqh» . COBna,n;eHHe 3nH30OB, TeKCTOB H OTeJIhHhIX xapaKTep- HhIX CJIOB B TpareHH ITYlIIKHHa H <cCKa3aHHHX» Kyp6cKO- ro He MomeT 6hITh CJIyqaHHhIM H aeT OCHOBaHHe npeno- JIaraTh, qTO, pa60TaH Ha BOpHCOM rOYHOBbIM, AJIeK- caHp CepreeBHq HCnOJIb30BaJI H <c CKa3aHHH KHH3H Kyp6cKOrO» . CaM ITYlIIKHH TaK paCCKa3bIBaJI 0 pa60Te Ha rOYHO- BbIM: <c...B JIeTOnHC.HX CTapaJICH yraaTh 06pa3 MbICJIeH H H3hIK ToralIIHero BpeMeHH, - H npH6aBJI.HJI: - HCTOqHH- KH 60raThIe! YMeJI JIH HMH BOCnOJIh30BaTbCH - He 3HalO; no KpaHHeH Mepe TPYhI MOH 6hIJIH peBHOCTHhI H 06pOCOBeCT- H bI » . IT03T CYMeJI reHHaJIhHO HCnOJIb30BaTb ocTynHbIe eMY HCTOqHHKH. OH nOTBepmaeT CBoe 3HaKOMCTBO C JIeTOnH- CHMH Kyp6cKoro B nHChMe K H.H. PaeBcKoMY (1827): <c...xapaKTep ITHMeHa He eCTh Moe H306peTeHHe. B HeM... co6paJI.H qepTbI, nJIeHHBlIIHe MeH.H B HalIIHX CTaphIX JIeTO. nHCHX, COBeplIIeHHoe OTCYTCTBH cyeTHocTH, npHCTpac- TH.H - hIlliaT B CHX parOn;eHHbIX naM.HTHHKaX BpeMeH aBHO MHHYBlIIHX, Memy KOHMH o3JIo6JIeHHaH (mecTOKa.H) JIeTOnHCh (o3JIo6JIeHHOrO HoaHHOBa H3rHaHHHKa OHa HO- CHT Ha ce6e qym)J;oe KJIeHMo) KH. Kyp6cKoro OTJIHqaeTC.H OT 
313 i npOtlHX JIeTOnHCeH, KaK 6YPHaH .iKH3Hb MOaHHa H3rH. OT- JIHtlaJIaCh OT.. . CMHpeHHOH .iKH3HH 6e3MHTemHDIX HHOKOB». HanpaWHBaeTCH BbIBO, tlTO IIywKHH tlHTaJI «CKa3a- HHH» Kyp6cKoro B O,n;HOM H3 HeCKOJIhKHX H3BeCTHhIX B Ha- tlaJIe XIX BeKa cnHCKOB C ero PYKonHCH. Cpe,n;H HHX JIyq- WHM H HaH60JIee coxpaHHhlM CtlHTaJICH cnHCOK Bcex TBope- HHH Kyp6cKoro, xpaHHBwHHCH B IIaTpHapweH, HJIH CHHO,D;aJIhHOH 6H6JIHOTeKe. pyroH, 60JIee ,D;ocTynHDIH, C 3arJIaBHeM «KHHra 0 pa3HblX npOHcweCTBHHX co BpeMeH BeJIHKOrO KHH3H BaCHJIHH MoaHHoBHtla», XpaHHJICH B MM- nepaTopcKoH ny6JIHtlHOH 6H6JIHOTeKe. 06paTHM oc060e .., BHHMaHHe, tlTO 3TOT cnHCOK co,n;ep.iKHT ee CTapHHHhlH ne- peBO,n; V KHHrH «OnHcaHHH MOCKOBHH» no,n; 3arJIaBHeM: «JIeTonHcn;a IIoJIhcKoro AJIeKcaH,n;pa rBarHHHa (ATIeccaH- ,n;po rBaHhHHH) KHHra VII, tlaCTh 4, 06 06hltlMX KHH3H MoaH- Ha BaCHJIheBHtla MOCKoBcKoro H BceH POCCHH » . B PYMHHn;eBcKoM MY3ee XpaHHJICH cnHCOK C 3arJIaBHeM «MCTOPHH n;apH MoaHHa BaCHJIheBHqa, nHcaHHaH 6e.iKaB- WHM B IIoJIhwy 60HpHHOM KHH3eM AH,n;peeM Kyp6cKHM » . B HeM TaK .iKe, KaK H B ynoMHHYTOM Bhlwe, eCTh CTapHH- HbIH nepeBO,n; COtlHHeHHH rBaHhHHH. O,n;HHM H3 JIyqWHX cnHCKOB CtlHTaJICH TaK Ha3hlBaeMhIH Bop03,n;HHCKHH, pa3MepOM B JIHCT, B Tpex tlaCTHX, no,n; 3ar" JIaBHeM: «KoBtler PYCCKOH npaB,n;bl, HJIH KHHra B MHpe Bhl- THH npOWJIDIX cOKpoBeHHeHwHx JIeT. mH3HeonHcaHHH Be- JIHKHX JIIO,n;eH, POCCHHCKHH 3eMJIH n;apCTB H rpa,n;OB OCHO- BaHHH, tly,n;eca BOJIXOBn;a, 3JIaThle Ba6bl H npoHcxom,n;eHHH HHKOMY He H3BeCTHhlX HCTOpHH POCCHHCKOH ». HeCMOTpH Ha CTOJIh CTpaHHoe 3arJIaBHe, 3TOT cnHCOK HMeeT npeHMY- eCTBa nepe)]; npOqHMH TeM, tlTO OH BepeH H nOJIOH. B HeM 
i 314 TaKjKe HaXOHTCH rrepeBO 60JIhmeH qaCTH rBaHhHHHeBa «OrrHcaHHH MOCKOBHH», H3-3a KOToporo, c06CTBeHHO, HaM H rrpHmJIOCh H3yqHTh 6Horpa<}JHH IIHMeHa H Kyp6cKHX. Cy- w;eCTBOBaJIO ew;e HeCKOJIhKO rro06HhIX crrHCKOB, H rrepe- qHCJIHTh HX He 6yeM. QHTaTeJIh, HaBepHoe, 06paTHJI BHH- MaHHe, qTO K «CKa3aHHHM» Kyp6cKoro CTpaHHhIM 06pa- 30M rrpHcoBoKyrrHJIOCh «OrrHcaHHe MOCKOBHH» rrOJIhCKOrO mJIHXTHqa H Bpara POCCHH A.neccaHpo rBaHhHHH, HarrH- caHHoe HM B 1578 roy. 8TO 06CTOHTeJIhCTBO HeMaJIOBajK- HO JIH Hamero HCCJIeOBaHHH, rrOCKOJIhKY HMeeT rrpHMoe OTHomeHHe H K JIYKOMOPhlO, H K apCTBY CJIaBHOrO Carr- TaHa. HacTarra rropa CKa3aTh HeCKOJIhKO CJIOB 06 A.neccaHpo rBaHhHHH,rrOJIOHH3HpoBaHHOMHTaJIhHHe,coBpeMeHHH- Ke AHpeH Kyp6cKoro, BoeHHOM aMHHHCTpaTope H rrHca- TeJIe. B BOHCKax CTe<}JaHa BaTopHH OH BOeBaJI rrpOTHB MOJI- aBHH H POCCHH, qeThIpHaaTh JIeT HaqaJIhCTBOBarr B BH- Te6cKe, a Ha CKJIOHe JIeT Bpyr 3aHHJICH JIHTepaTYPoH. Ero « OrrHcaHHe EBporreHcKoH CapMaTHH» H B HeM CBeeHHH 0 CH6HPH, IOrpe, 06ope, KOHHH, JIYKOMophe 60JIhmelO qaCThlO rrOBTopHlOT rep6epmTeHHa H pyrHx aBTopOB H rrpHYKpameHhI MaJIOBepOHTHhIMH, rrOXO:>KHMH Ha CKa3KH, rrop06HOCTHMH. COqHHeHHH rBaHhHHH HMeJIH Ha PYCH mH- POKYlO H3BeCTHOCTh H He pa3 rrepeBOHJIHCh Ha PYCCKHH H3hIK ew;e B XVII BeKe, 0 qeM rrHCaJI A.H. C060JIeBCKHH B CBoeM Tpye «IIepeBoHaH JIHTepaTypa MOCKOBCKOH PYCH». B 1653 roy, rro apCKOMY YKa3Y, KHH3h PerrHHH-060- JIeHCKHH KyrrHJI B IIoHhIHe COqHHeHHH rBaHhHHH, a rraTpH- apx HHKOH rropyqHJI rrepeBeCTH HX Ha PYCCKHH H3hIK. BJIa- roapH rBaHhHHH CBeeHHH CeMeHa Kyp6cKoro 0 IOrpe H 
_315 t JIYKOMopbe, 3aHeCeHHOe HM B 6eCCJIeHO YTpaqeHHbIH «,n:O- pOmHHK », 06JIeTeB BClO EBporry, CHOBa BepHY JIHCb B rrpH- YKpaIIIeHHOM BHe B POCCHIO. ITo HpOHHH cYb6bI, BHOBb rrepeBeeHHbIe Ha PYCCKHH H3bIK, OHH CTaJIH rrpHJIOmeHHeM K rrpOH3BeeHHlO Pyroro Kyp6cKoro - A.HpeH. rBaHbHHH, OrrHCbIBaH MHOrHe qyeca CeBepa, B TOM qHC- JIe KOJIYHOB H 30JIOTYlO Ba6y - rrp006pa3 .HrH, coo6w;aJI: «06JIaCTb JIYKOMOpbe THHeTCH JIHHHOH rrOJIOCOH rrOJIe CeBepHOrO MOpH; ee 06HTaTeJIH mHBYT 6e3 BCHKHX rrOCTpO- eK B JIeCaX H rrOJIHX... ». qHTaH JIeTOrrHCH Kyp6cKorO, ITYIIIKHH HHKaK He Mor rrporrYCTHTb H rrpHJIOmeHHOe K HHM COqHHeHHe rBaHbH- HH. Cl>aHTaCTHqeCKHe 06pa3bI H TaHHCTBeHHoe OqapOBa- HHe JIYKOMOPbH 3arrOMHHJIHCb H, pa60TaH Ha «CKa3KOH o ape CaJITaHe», OH HCrrOJIb3yeT STY HHcpopMaHlO. « Y JIYKOMOPbH », B KOTOpOM MbI BCTpeqaeM Tex me repo- eB, qTO H B « CKa3Ke», OJImHO 6bIJIO CTaTb rrpOJIOrOM- rrpHCKa3KOH K HeH. « Y JIYKOMOPbH» HarrHcaHO PyrHM pa3MepOM, qeM «CKa3Ka», qTO BrrOJIHe orrYCTHMO JIH rrpOJIora. K TOMY me H caMa «CKa3Ka» H3HaqaJIbHO rrH- CaJIaCb B rrOJIYCTHXOTBopHOH-rrOJIyrrpo3aHqeCKOH cpopMe H JIHIIIb rrOCJIe OJIrHX pa3YMHH rrpHo6peJIa TOT BH, KO- TOpbIH HMeeT Terrepb. « Y JIYKOMOPbH» HarrHcaHO JIH «CKa3KH» B TPMHHHX rrpHCKa3KH, YTOqHHlOw;eH BpeMH H MeCTO eHCTBHH: «B He- KOTOpOM apCTBe, B TpHeBHTOM rocyapCTBe... » JIerKHH Ha HMrrpOBH3aHlO, IIYIIIKHH rrOMeCTHJI « Y JIYKOMOPbH» BO BTopoe H3aHHe « PYCJIaHa H JIlOMHJIbI » - « CKa3Ka» 6bIJIa em;e He 3aKOHqeHa. 
t 3 16 _ B pa3BHTHH HaWeH BepCHH MomHO npHBeCTH HeMaJIO u OKa3aTeJIhCTB, HO .n;aBaHTe OCTaHOBHMCH H 3a,n;YMaeMCH: 0 tleM HaM MomeT rOBOpHT:b cOBoKynHOCT:b H3JIOmeHHhIX BbIwe CBe.n;eHHH, 06CTOHTeJIhCTB, npHMhIX H KOCBeHHhIX .n;OKa3aTeJIhCTB oco6oro HHTepeca IIywKHHa K CH6HPH, ero npe.n;pacnOJIOmeHHOCTH K cH6HPCKOH TeMe B TBOptIeCTBe, oc- HOBaHHOH Ha rJIy6oKoM 3HaHHH cH6HpCKOH HCTOpHH H reo- rpatPHH. IIpem.n;e Bcero 0 TOM, tITO, rOBopH 0 IIywKHHe no- 3Te, MbI He .n;OJImHhI 3a6hIBaT:b 0 IIywKHHe reorpa<pe, IIyw- KHHe HCTopHKe H KpaeBe.n;e. H TPYHO CKa3aT:b, tlero B HeM 6hIJIO 60JIblIle H Koro B ero JIHe nOTepHJIa POCCHH, B 60JI:b- u weH CTeneHH - yqeHOrO HJIH n03Ta. HeT OCHOBaHHH COMHeBaT:bCH B CH6HPCKOH npapo.n;HHe nYIIIKHHCKHX «JIYKOMOPhH» H .CKa3KH 0 ape CaJITaHe». HCnOJI:b3YH .n;JIH 3THX npOH3BeeHHH CIOmeT:bI MH<pOB, 6:bI- JIHH H CKa30K, OH o.n;eB8.JI HX B . cH6HpCKHe o.n;em.n;hI», npH- aBaH HM HenOBTopHMhIH KOJIOpHT. <cCKa3Ka 0 ape C8.JI- TaHe» - He CKa3Ka 0 CH6HPH, a CKa3Ka, HanHcaHHaH no CH6HpCKHM MOTHBaM, C HCnOJI:b30BRHHeM HCTOpHtIeCKHX H reorpa<pHqeCKHX HCTOtlHHKOB. Hy BOT H 3aMKHYJIOCh nOCJIe.n;Hee 3BeHO B ,n;JIHHHOH enH CKa3aHHH: rlOpHTa POrOBHtI - CeMeH Kyp6cKHH - CHrH3- MYH.n; rep6epWTeHH - AneccaH.n;po rBaH:bHHH - AH.n;peH Kyp6cKHH - AneKcaH.n;p IIYIIIKHH. onHcaHO nOCJIe.n;Hee CKa3aH:be 0 JIYKOMophe ,n;peBHeH 3eMJIH CH6HpCKOH. Bnpo- tleM, nOCJIe.n;Hee JIH? CKOJI:bKO ee HeH3Be.n;aHH:bIX TaHH m,n;YT CBoero qaca H CBOHX OTKp:bIBaTeJIeH! D:eJIb 3TOH KHH- rH - rro,n;BHrHYT:b HatlHHalOW;HX KpaeBe,u;OB Ha rrYT:b n03Ha- HHSI TpH.n;eBHToro CaJITaHOBa apCTBa. ITYCKaH He Bce B HeM 6eccnopHO Ha rrepB:bIH B3r JIH)J; - nonpo6yA HaRTH CBOH nYTb 
317 i n03HaHHH. CMeJIee cTynaH no HeBe,n;OMOH ,n;opO:>KKe, MOM: npHHTeJIb. MHorHe qy,n;eca O:>KH,n;aIOT Te6H Bnepe.l(H. ITYCKaH MHoroe H3MeHHJIOCb HblHe B HallIeM CKa30QHOM JIYKOMopbe. Ho, KaK H npem,n;e, JIeTHT H ,n;peBHeH 3eMJIeM: IOrpbl KpHKJIHBble rycH-JIe6e,n;H, H BH,n;HO JiM C BbICOTbl, KaK, no,n;o6HO rHraHTCKOMY JIYKY, HanpHrJIaCb OT CyprYTa ,n;o HM6ypra nOJIHOrpy,n;aH KpacaBHa 06b, 06HHMaH JIYKOMO- pbe co BceMH ero qy,n;ecaMH. II,n;YT Kopa6JIH MHMO OCTpOBa BYHHa. II Mbl 3,n;ecb mHBeM. 1979-2003  
CO.IJ:EP)KAHHE Harr-yTCTBHe ................................................................... 3 BCTynJIeHHe Ha Tporry ..................................................... 11 BepCTa nepBaH JIereH.n;a 0 30JIOTOH Ba6e (BMecTo npHcKa3KH) .................. 36 BepcTa BTopaH IToKopHTeJIb IOrpbI .................................................... 41 BepCTa TpeTbH B CTpaHe CypOBOH H yrplOMOH ............................ . . . . . . . . . .. 49 BepCTa'tleTBepTaH CH6HpCKHe repOCTpaTbI ............................................... 55 BepCTa nHTaH ITo HeBe.n;oMoH .n;opomKe .............................................. 61 BepCTa IIIeCTaH Y JIIO.n;oe.n;KH ............................................................. 70 BepCTa ce.n;bMaH meCTOKHH apb ........................................................ 71 BepCTa BOCbMaH Haii, CopHH-HaH H HaHHa ........................................... 78 BepCTa .n;eBHTaH IJ;apeBHa- JIHryIIIKa .................................................... 88 BepCTa .n;eCHTaH illaMaHbI H 3KCTpaceHCbI ............................................. 9 7 BepCTao.n;HHHaTaH OTe HrH ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1 0 2 BepCTa.n;BeHaTaH Hra - KocTHHaH Hora H HMa - BJIbIKa MepTBbIX ........ 112 BepcTaTpHHaTaH BorHHH OXOTbI ........................................................ 124 
_319 i BepCTa qeTbIpHa.n;aTaH XpaHHTeJIb 30JIOTOH Ba6bI ........................................ 133 BepcTanHTHa.n;aTaH TaM JIeIIIHH 6PO.n;HT .................................................. 142 BepCTa IIIeCTHaTaH Bepe30BCKoe qy.n;HIIJ;e ................................................ 155 BepCTaceMHaTaH CJIe.n; K JIYKOMOpblO .................................................. 163 BepCTa BoceMHaTaH Po.n; ITYIIIKHHbIX MHTemHbIH ....................................... 175 BepcTa.n;eBHTHaTaH rocy.n;apeBa TaMomHH ............................................... 188 BepCTa .n;BaTaH ITo MOplO, no OKHHHY ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 203 BepCTa.n;BaTbnepBaH 't.{y.n;HbIH OCTpOB ....................................................... 208 BepCTa .n;BaTb BTopaH B qemye, KaK map, ropH ............................................ 213 BepCTa.n;Ba.n;aTbTpeTbH 't.{eM BbI, rOCTH, Topr Be.n;eTe? ...................................... 21 7 BepcTa .n;Ba.n;aTb qeTBepTaH OH BbI, KOHH 6YPbI-CHBbI. .. ........................................ 227 BepCTa .n;BaTb nHTaH KHH310 npH6bIJIb - 6eJIKe qeCTb .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 236 BepcTa .n;BaTb meCTaH , Sa MopeM apeBHa eCTb ..... . ... . .... .. . . .. .... .. . .. . .. . .... .... .... 245 BepCTa .n;BaTb ce.n;bMaH MeCH no.n; KOCOH .................................................... 251 BepCTa .n;BaTb BOCbMaH TaM qy.n;eca. .. ......................................................... 256 BepCTa .n;BaTb .n;eBHTaH CJIe.n;bI HeBH.n;aHHbIX 3BepeH ................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 262 BepcTa TpH.n;aTaH IT pOpOKOB HeT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 268 BepCTa TpH.n;aTb nepBaH Cpe.n;H .n; OJIHHbI pOBHbIH. .. .......................................... 2 79 BepCTaTpH.n;aTbBTopaH 3JIaTaH eIIb .......................................................... 285 BepCTa TpH.n;aTb TpeTbH ,n:eJIa .n;aBHO MHHYBIIIHX .n;HeH ...................................... 300 
HaY1iHO-nony JISlpHOe Ha,n;aHHe TaUnbt 3eMJtu Pyccxou 3axapOB ApKHH IIeTpoBHq BcnE3ABEnHKOnBorHHEn reHepaJIbHbIH ,n;HpeKTOp JI.J1. II aJtbKO OTBeTCTBeHHbIH aa BblnYCK B.Il. EJtencKuu rJIaBHbIH pe,n;aKTOp C.H.J(MUmpUee KOppeKTOp r.H. Cmpaxoea BepCTKa H.B. Xpen08 Xy,n;OmeCTBeHHOe OCpOpMJIeHHe EA. 3a6eJtuna 000 .Ma,n;aTeJIbCTBO .Be'tle 2000 3AO .Ha,n;aTeJIbCTBO .Be'tle)) 000 . Ha,n;a TeJIbCKHH ,n;OM . Be'tle  129348, MocKBa, YJI. KpacHoH COCHbI, 24. CaHHTapHO-3nH,n;eMHOJIOrH'tIeCKOe aaKJIlOtleHHe N2 77.99.98.953.,D:.012232.12.06 OT 21.12.2006 r. E-mail: veche@veche.ru http://www.veche.ru IlOAnHcsno B netlSTL 27.06.2007. q>OpMST 84xl08 1/ 32 . rapHHTYP8 . N ewbsskervilleC I). Ile18Tb o<pceT1I8H. BYM8r8 oc}>ceT1I8sl. Ileq. JI. 10,0. THpsm 5000 3K3. 38Ksa N!! 5993. OTIIeQ8T8nO c npeAOCT8BJleHllbIX ,l(H8n03HTHBOB B DAD .TYJlLCK8S1 TunorpncpHSlI). 300600, r. TYJl8, np. JIclIHHa, 109. 
'\..- ABe HeO>101AaHHbie TeMbl npH"IYAAHBO nepenl\eAHCb B KHHre TfOMeHCKOrO KpaeBeAa ApKaAHSI 3axapOBa - CYAb6a npeAKOB A.C. nYWKHHa H HCTOpHSI 30AOTOH 60rHHH CeBepa. o Hepa3raAaHHOH TaHHe ApeBHerO IOropcKoro A YKOMOPbSl, BeI\H"IaHWeH CBSlTblHe ceBepHblx HapoAoB, «"IYAecHoH cTaTYJ1» 30AOTOH 6orHHH, ynoMJ1HaeTCSI ew,e B cTapHHHblX CKa3aHHSlX 0 «He3HaeMb1X 3eMASlX» PyccKoro CeBepa. AereHAbl ° HeH AOIKJ1I\H AO XX BeKa, OAHaKO Y"IeHbIM cBSlw,eHHaSi cTaTYSI AOHblHe He H3BeCTHa. A. 3axapOB npeAnpHHSlI\ ew,e OAHY nonblTKY paCKpblTb 3TY BeKOBYtO TaHHY. ISBN 978-5-9533-2277-5 1111 I 9 785953 322775  Reqe