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i
12
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13
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tlOM, 6pOCaJlH B Hee apbI 30JlOTOH Ba6e: MOHeTbI, KOJlb-
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i
14
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llIHPHYIO rreperrHCKY C IIHcTHTYToM 3THorpacpHH. CrreHa-
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HO H rp03HJIHCb B 6JIHmaHllIHe ro,n;bI Harp.HHYTb C 3Kcrre,n;H-
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llIHJIC.H Ha TaKoe - 3HaqHT, HMeIOTC.H cepbe3HbIe OCHOBa-
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JIHK 60rHHH: KaK BbIrJI.H,n;HT KpaCHBa.H JIH. .D:a, BH,n;HMO, OH H

_ 15
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i
16
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1 7
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i
18
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21
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rYHCTeHHa B CeBepHY10 CTpaHY 6hHpMOB (nepMOB?). BeJI HX
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i
22
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« Y Hac re-TO». 11 TOJI:bKO KOHHHCKHe MaHCH 3aHBJIHJIH:
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nOTOM YMepJIH, HHKOMY He CKa3aB. Tenepb MbI He 3HaeM,
re OHa cnpHTaHa».

_ 23
t
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30BeTC.H "CTapYXHHbIM MbICOM"».
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BHJIH H rro,n;apKOB eH COBceM He ,n;aB8JIH. rOBOp.HT, Be3JIH ee C
BepXOBbeB KOH,n;bI B 60JIbllIOH JIo,n;Ke. Ha HeCKOJIbKO ,n;HeH

i
24
IIYTH BIIepe.n;H Hee CIIemHJIH rOHD;hI C IIpHKa30M BCeM :>KHTe-
JIHM KOH.n;hI Ha BpeMH YXO.n;HTh B rJIy6h TaHrH... HHKTO He
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TaHOBHTCH. 3a OCJIymaHHe - CMepTh. CHHMaJIHCh C phI6-
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JIH IIpO Hee pyccKHe H IIOBepHJIH, tlTO OHa H eCTh rJIaBHaH,
KOTOPYIO 30JIOTOH 3BaJIH. 06MaHYJIH HX HamH maMaHhI KaK
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u
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TOM 1979 ro.n;a MeHH, Moero .n;pyra H3 HHraHH BJIa.n;HMHpa
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.. .E.n;Ba 3a6pe3:>KHJI paCCBeT, KaK B YTpeHHeH IIpOXJIap;e Ha.n;
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KJIOqbH, KOTophIe rycTeJIH H HaJIHBaJIHCb Ha rJIa3ax. B03.n;yX
Ha6yx8JI BJIarOH, OtlepTaHHH He.n;aJIeKHX KYCTOB paCIIJIbIJIHCb
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JIeHa, KaKaJl6bIBaeT TOJIhKO Ha KOH.n;e IIO.n; oceHb.
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B TYMaHe H crHHemb, KaK He pa3 6bIBaJIO. JIe:>KH H m.n;H, IIOKa

25
*
BeTpOM ero He pa3BeeT... ». HaM nOBe3JIO - TYMaH paCTa-
HJI, MhI norpY3HJIHCh, H BOT Hawa «Ka3aHKa» YBepeHHO
rJIHCcHpyeT no 'tIepHO-KOpH'tIHeBOH OCThIBalOw;eH Boe. :3KH-
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KY, YCTpaHBaeTCH noy06Hee: YBepeHHH C06pHHa, 'tITO
nJIhITh HeaJIeKO, Bcephe3 npHHHMaTh He npHXOHTCH -
,ZJ;JIH Hero CTO KHJIOMeTpOB He paCCTOHHHe.
IToCJIe TpeBO:>KHOH HO'tlH no paBHOMepHhIH rYJI MOTopa
XOpOllIO peMJIeTCH, HO C06PHH 60pcTByeT Ha PYJIe, no
OHOMY eMY H3BeCTHDIM npHMeTaM yrhIBaH cpapBaTep.
ITo Be'tlep JIOKa TKHY JIaCh HOCOM B TBepylO Ha BH nec-
'tIaHYIO KOCY B03JIe YCThH HellIHpOKOH Tae:>KHOH pe'tlKH. «ITo
3TOMY HCTOKY 3aBTpa noneM B 60JIhllIOe 03epo, - CKa-
3aJI C06PHH, 3arJIYllIHB "BHXph", - H3 Hero no npOTOKe
npocKpe6eMCH B Pyroe H nOllIapHM Ha OCTpOBax».
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yaeTcH np06HTbCH CKB03b 3aBaJI. OT HaBHcalOID;HX Ha

i
26
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Cpe,n;H HOqH Hac pa36y,n;HJI OTqa.HHHbIH, 3JI06HbIH JIaH
npHB.H3aHHOro Ha 6epery K06eJI.H. BYPbKa paHbllIe TaK HH-
Kor,n;a He JIa.HJI. IIocnelliHo 3ap.H,n;HB pymb.H, CTpeJI.HeM B B03-
,n;yx, HO nec He YHHMaeTC.H H, 060pBaB nOBo,n;OK, HCqe3aeT B
TaHre. Ero OmeCTOqeHHbIH JIaH BCKope 3aTHxaeT B OT,n;aJIe-
HHH. PaCCBeT He HacTynaJI MyqHTeJIbHO ,n;OJIro.
¥TpOM C06PHH ,n;OJIro HCKaJI H H3yqaJI CJIe,n;bI. BepHYJIC.H
MpaqHbIH H, npHxJIe6bIBa.H y KOCTpa qaH, HeomH,n;aHHO 3a-
.HBHJI :
- O,n;HaKO, CMeJIa.H c06aKa 6bIJI. JKaJIKO, qTO nponaJIa.
IIo,n;om,n;aTb 6bI Ha,n;o - B,n;pyr BepHeTC.H. - A KTO npHXO-
,n;HJI HOqbK>?
- He 3HaK>, - TaK Ma.HqHT. - If, nOMOJIqaB HeMHoro,
HenOKOJIe6HMO ,n;06aBHJI: - 51, o,n;HaKO, m,n;aTb OCTaHYCb.
,n:aJIbllIe H,n;TH HeJIb3.H - TaHra 3HaK ,n;aeT.
IIepey6em,n;aTb ero - ,n;eJIO 6eCnOJIe3HOe, H, nOCOBeTO-
BaBIlIHCb, pelliaeM np06HBaTbC.H K OCTpOBaM B,n;BoeM.
3aBaJIbI Ha HCTOKe CJIe,n;YK>T O,n;HH 3a ,n;pyrHM. IIpeo,n;o-
JIeB O,n;HH, MbI ynHpaeMC.H B cJIe,n;YK>ID;HH. IfHor,n;a nbITaeM-
C.H cpOpcHpoBaTb He60JIbllIHe 3aBaJIbI C Xo,n;y. li3pe,n;Ka 3TO
HaM y,n;aeTC.H, HO 60JIbllIeH qaCTbK> MOTOp pe3KO OTKH,n;bIBa-

_ 27
t
eTCH, peBeT, BHHT XBaTaeT B03,n;yx, CHOBa rrorpymaeTcH,
pa3,n;aeTCH TpeCK H ,n;BHraTeJIb pa3BHBaeT 6ellIeHbIe o6opo-
TbI - orrHTb Cpe3aJIO rrpe,n;oxpaHHTeJIbHbIH llITH<pT. II Bce
me, MeHHH llITH<pTbI H BHHTbI, rrOHeMHory rrpo,n;BHraeMCH,
rrOKa He yrrHpaeMCH B COBepllIeHHO Herrpeo,n;OJIHMbIH 3aBaJI.
KaK H CaMbIH rrepBbIH, OH OKa3aJICH PYKOTBOpHbIM. Bo,n;a
CTpYHJIaCb qepe3 Hero He60JIbllIHM Bo,n;orra,n;OM. OCMOTpeB
rrperrHTCTBHe, pellIaeM 060HTH ero rro 6epery. TOJIbKO BO,n;-
HOMOTOpHHK MomeT rrOHHTb, KaKOH 3TO HeJIerKHH TPY,n;!
JIHllIb Ha CJIe,n;yrom;HH ,n;eHb MbI o,n;OJIeJIH «JIOMOBaTbIH
HCTOK». CKB03b Y3Koe, 3apacTarom;ee TaJIbHHKOM ropJIO
HCTOKa, pa3,n;BHraH 60pTaMH KYCTbI, JIo,n;Ka BbIpBaJIaCb Ha
3aJIHTbIH COJIHeM 03epHbIH rrpOCTOp, HeqaHHHO pacrryraB
orpOMHbIH Ta6YH YTOK.
C06PHH YKa3aJI HaM HMemHbIe opHeHTHpbI, H, rropbICKaB
HeMHoro B,n;OJIb 6epera, MbI HaIIIJIH rrpOTOKY B ,n;pyroe 03epo.
OHa OKa3aJIaCb MeJIKOH H He llIHpOKOH, HO 3aTO COBepllIeHHO
CBo6o,n;HOH OT 3aBaJIOB. BbIHTH ,n;JIH OT,n;bIxa Ha TorrKHH 6eper
HaM He y,n;aJIOCb, H Toro Bom,n;eJIeHHOrO 03epa, Ha rrOBepXHOC-
TH KOToporo 6yrpHJIOCb HeCKOJIbKO OCTpOBKOB, MbI ,n;OCTHr JIH
BKOHe H3MOTaHHbIMH. 06PMOBaHHO,n;aIO rrOJIHbIH ra3 H rrpaB-
JIro K 6JIHmaHllIeMY OCTPOBY. JIo,n;Ka CHaqaJIa YBepeHHO r JIHC-
cHpyeT, HO 3aTeM C6aBJIHeT xo,n;, rOHHT rrepe,n; C060H MYTHYro
BOJIHY, MOTOp HaTymHo 6YPOBHT BHHTOM qepHYro rpH3b H,
HaKOHe, 3axJIe6bIBaeTCH. JIo,n;Ka, oceB, YBH3aeT B mH,n;KOM
canporreJIe, CJIerKa rrpHKpbITOM TOHKOH rrJIeHKOH BO,n;bI. BJIHrr-
JIH! IIoHHTHo, rrOqeMY C06PHH OCTaJICH.
o ,n;BHmeHHH Brrepe,n; He MomeT 6bITb H peqH. BecJIo yxo-
HT B HJI rro caMYro PYKOHTKY, HO TaK H He yrrHpaeTCH B ,n;HO.
ITpo6yeM, eHCTBYH BeCJIOM KaK JIOrraTOH, rrpoKorraTb B rpH-

t
28
3H rrepe.n; JIO.n;KOH rrO.n;06He :>KeJIo6a, tlT06hI XOTh HeMHOrO
rrpO.n;BHHYThCH Ha3a.n;. C Tpy.n;OM, HO rrOJIytlHJIOCh. If TaK,
MeTp 3a MeTpOM, rrOtlTH CYTKH MhI rrpeO.n;OJIeBaJIH TY tleT-
BepTh KHJIOMeTpa, tlTO C XO.n;y rrpOCKOtlHJIH 3a rrapy MHHYT.
BKOHe 06eCCHJIeHHhIe, C rreperpeThIM MOTOpOM Mhl B03Bpa-
THJIHCh Ha rrepBOe 03epO H .n;O 6eCKOHetlHOCTH .n;OJIrO HCKaJIH
rOpJIO HCTOKa. He 3HalO, CKOJIhKO 6hl Mhl rrpOHCKaJIH Bhl-
Xo.n;, He 3arJIOXHH MOTOp. B HacTyrrHBllIeH THllIHHe Mhl YC-
JIhlllIaJIH OT.n;aJIeHHOe :>KyptlaHHe Bo.n;orra.n;a B HCTOKe. He 6y.n;y
paCCKa3hlBaTh, KaK Mhl .n;06HpaJIHCh Ha3a.n;, KaK pa.n;OBaJIHCh
BCTpetle C C06PHHhlM H rretlaJIHJIHCh rrOTepe co6aKH. Mhl
Tor.n;a TaK YTOMHJIHCh, tlTO H BcrrOMHHaTh He XOtleTCH. A BOT
ow;yw;eHHe, tlTO Mhl 6hlJIH 6JIH3KH K pa3ra.n;Ke KaKOH-TO TaH-
Hhl, He rrOKH.n;aeT MeHH H cero.n;HH.
Kor.n;a Mhl .n;orrhlTaJIH Co6pHHa, rrOtleMY OH He rrOllIeJI C
HaMH Ha OCTpOB, TOT OtleHh cephe3HO OTBeTHJI:
- A eCJIH 6hl Bhl rrpOrraJIH B TaHre? KTO 6hl Balli p03hlCK
opraHH30BaJI? C TaHrOH, rrapeHh, He llIYTHT - B HeH BCH-
KO 6hlBaeT, rro.n;CTpaXOBKa HY:>KHa: co6aKa BOH 6eCCJIe.n;HO
crHHYJIa.
- Ha 6y.n;YW;HH ro.n;, rro pa3JIHBY, CHOBa clOa rrpHe.n;y, -
3aHBHJI BOJIo.n;hKa.
- ITo pa3JIHBY STOT HCTOK HerrpOCTO HaHTH - Bce KYC-
Tbl B Boe CTOHT. a.n;o BeCHbl ew;e H .n;O:>KHTb Ha.n;o, - OXJIa-
HJI ero nblJI C06pHH. - Co6epeMCH JIH Mbl ew;e pa3... KOM-
nOJIeH Hac nYCKaTb He XOtleT.
- KaKOH TaKOH KOMrrOJIeH? - y.n;HBHJICH H.
- CJIyra 30JIOTOH 60rHHH, - rrpHrJIYllIeHHO OTBeTHJI
OXOTHHK. - Y Hee TpH xpaHHTeJI.H: BO.n;.HHOH, 3MeH H KOM-
nOJIeH - JIeCHOH qeJIOBeK.

29
i
IIOMHIO, H He.n;OBepqHBO YXMhIJIhHYJICH, He rrOBepHB CO-
6pHHCKHM cyeBepHHM, a OH, 3aMeTHB MOIO YXMhIJIKY, 06H-
.n;eJICH H He CKa3aJI 60JIhme HH CJIOBa. A MomeT, rrpOCTO rro-
u u u
CqHTaJI, qTO HarrpaCHO rrporOBOpHJICH 0 CBoeH TaemHOH TaH-
He, KOTOpylO rrOCTopOHHHM .n;OBepHTh He CJIe.n;yeT.
OceHhlO OH YTOHYJI rrpH HerrOHHTHhIX 06CTOHTeJIhCTBax.
Ha 3TOM 3aKOHqHJIHCh MOH rrpaKTHqeCKHe rrOHCKH COPHH-
HaH. Ho BOJIelO CJIytlaH OKa3aBmHCh Ha Tporre rrOHCKa, H yme
u u
He CMor COHTH C Hee H rrpo.n;OJImHJI rrOHCKH CJIe.n;OB IOropCKOH
60rHHH B JIHTepaTypHhIX H HCTOpHqeCKHX HCTOqHHKax. 1\0-
HeqHO, H He Mor H rrpe.n;rrOJIaraTh, qTO, .n;OCTaTOqHO rrorreT-
JIHB, Tporra 3Ta BhIBe.n;eT MeHH K qy.n;eCHOMY JIYKOMOphlO. Ho
rrpem.n;e rrpHmJIOCh rrepeJIHCTaTh rophI KHHr. Ha Moe cqac-
The, eCJIH qeM OKa3aJIaCh H 60raTa Hama TIOMeHh, TaK 3TO
6H6JIHOTeKaMH. Te CaMhIe cH6HpCKHe KOMMepcaHThI, KOTO-
phIX rrpHHHTO H306paJKaTh rrOJIyrpaMOTHhIMH CaMo.n;ypaMH,
Ha .n;eJIe 6hIJIH CTOJIrraMH, Ha KOTOphIX .n;epmBJIOCh rrpOCBe-
w;eHHe, KYJIhTypa H TeXHHqeCKHH rrporpecc CH6HpCKOH rrpo-
BHHHH. STO KyrrhI CTOHJIH y KOJIhI6eJIH cH6HpCKoro KHHro-
rreqaTaHHH, 3TO OHH rrOCTpOHJIH KOMMepqeCKOe H pea.nhHoe
yqHJIHw;a, 3TO Ha HX cpe.n;CTBa C06HpaJIHCh cpOH.n;hI JIyqmero
B CH6HpH KpaeBe.n;qeCKOrO MY3eH H .n;aJKe KOpMHJIaCh B IIIBeH-
apHH rpyrrrra (,OcB060m.n;eHHe Tpy.n;a». MHoro HX 6hIJIO. Ho
OCTaHOBHMCH Ha O.n;HOH cpaMHJIHH - TeKYTheB, rrOCKOJIhKY
HMeHHO OH rrpHJIOmHJI PYKY K OCHOBaHHK> ropo.n;CKOH 6H6-
JIHOTeKH, rrOJIytlHBmeH Ha3BaHHe IIymKHHcKoH.
rOpO.n;CKOH rOJIOBa Kyrre TeKYTheB B TK>MeHH CJIhIJI qe-
JIOBeKOM BhICOKo06pa30BaHHhIM H rrpOCBew;eHHhIM, rro-
CKOJIhKY co.n;epma.n CBOH TeaTp. IIpH TeaTpe B 1989 ro.n;y
OTKphIJIaCh rrepBaH B ropo.n;e 6eCrrJIaTHaH rry6JIHqHaH 6H6-

i
30
JIHOTeKa. A rrOCKOJIbKY TopmeCTBeHHoe OTKpbITHe rrpHYpo-
"tIHJIH K lOO-JIeTH1O co ,n;HH pom,n;eHHH A.C. IIYlliKHHa, 6H6-
JIHOTeKY Ha3BaJIH IIYlliKHHcKoH. HaKaHYHe peBOJI1OHH ee
<pOH,n; COCTaBHJI OKOJIO rrHTH,n;eCHTH TbICH"tI TOMOB.
IIocJIe peBOJI1OHH HaHOHaJIH3HpOBaHHbIe 6H6JIHOTeKH
peaJIbHOrO Y"tIHJIHID;a, KJIy6a rrpHKa3"t1HKOB, pa6o"tlero KJIY-
6a H ,n;PyrHe 06'be,n;HHHJIH C "tIaCTb1O rrYlliKHHcKOH H pa3Mec-
THJIH B 6bIBllieH CrraccKoH epKBH, KOTopaH rrpH10THJIa KHH-
rH Ha ,n;OJIroe BpeMH, rrOKa 6e3y,n;epmHo rrpH6bIBa1OID;HH rro-
TOK JIHTepaTypbI He 3arrOJIHHJI ,n;o KpaeB CTapbIe CTeHbI,
rrO"tlTH He OCTaBHB MeCTa "tIHTaTeJIHM H CJIymHTeJIHM KHHm-
Horo KYJIbTa.
M Tor,n;a, KaK rJIaCHT rrpe,n;aHHe, OTbI 06JIaCTHOH KYJIb-
TYPbI CTaJIH « rrpHHHMaTb MepbI» . ,n:JIH Ha"tlaJIa JIHKBH,n;HpO-
BaJIH T1OMeHCKoe KHHmHoe H3,n;aTeJIbCTBO, B Ha,n;em,n;e rrpH-
YMeHblliHTb rrpHTOK KHHr B XpaHHJIHID;e. C 3TOH "tIaCTb1O
rrporpaMMbI « OTaM» y,n;aJIOCb crrpaBHTbCH ,n;OBOJIbHO JIer-
KO. A "tITo6bI CHH3HTb 3<p<peKT OT ,n;OCTOHHOH repOCTpaTO-
BOH CJIaBbI aKHH, B crrelliHOM rropH,n;Ke rrpHcTyrrHJIH K CTpO-
HTeJIbCTBY HOBOH 6H6JIHOTeKH.
Pe3YJIbTaT rrpeB30llieJI Bce omH,n;aHHH: ropo,n; rrOJIY"tIHJI
rrpeKpacHbIH xpaM KYJIbTypbI H HaYKH H 3am,n;aBlliHeCH "tIH-
TaTeJIH CMOrJIH, HaKOHe, ,n;o6paTbcH ,n;o ro,n;aMH rrbIJIHB-
lliHXCH B <poH,n;ax H He,n;ocTyrrHbIx rro "tIHCTO TeXHH"tIeCKHM
rrpH"tIHHaM KHHr. CJIOBOM, MHe rrOBe3JIO.
O,n;HaKo, BorrpeKH OjKH,n;aHHHM, HHTepeCY1OID;HX MeHH
KHHr OKa3aJIOCb HeMHoro.
- A BbI He rrp060BaJIH 06paTHTbCH B MBA? - rromaJIe-
JIa MeHH ,n;emypHaH 3aJIa KaTaJIOrOB.
- MBA? - y,n;HBHJICH H.

i
_ 31
- MBA, - rrO,n;TBep,n;HJIa ,n;emypHaH. - 8TO Halli HO-
BbIH OT,n;eJI - Mem6H6JIHOTeqHbIii a60HeMeHT. Qepe3 Hero
BbI MomeTe 3aKa3aTb He06xo,n;HMY1O KHHry H3 JI1060H 6H6-
JIHOTeKH C0103a. 06paTHTeCb TaM K KaJIHHHHOH... IIoBTo-
pHTb He rrpHlliJIOCb.
3aBe,n;Y1OID;aH OT,n;eJIOM MBA He,n;OJIrO H3yqaJIa rrpe,n;CTaB-
JIeHHbIH MHOH crrHCOK. 3aTeM HcrrbITY1OID;e OrJIH,n;eJIa MeHH
H rrOHHTepeCOBaJIaCb:
- 30JIOTY1O Ba6y HID;eTe?
H He 3Ha1O OTqerO CMYTHJICH H rrOrrbITaJICH orrpaB,n;aTbCH.
- Y me rrp060BaJI, He rrOJIyqHJIOCb. Terrepb XOqy rrpOCTO
rr060JIbllie pa3Y3HaTb 0 HeH, qT06bI He HCKaTb, He 3HaH qTO.
- MHorHe Ha HeH ce6e llie10 CBepHY JIH. .. ECJIH ,n;a,n;HTe
CJIOBO, qTO HCKaTb ee 60JIbllie He 6y,n;eTe, TaK H 6bITb, rrOMO-
ry BaM.
H KJIHTBeHHO 3aBepHJI, qTO HCKaTb HHKaKHX 6a6 B TaH-
re 60JIbllie He 6y,n;y H B MOH mH3HeHHbIe rrJIaHbI rrOIiCK 30JIO-
TbIX Ba6 HHKaK He BrrHCbIBaeTCH.
3aBe,n;Y1OID;aH YCMeXHYJIaCb MOHM YBepeHHHM H ,n;OCTaJIa
TeTpa,n;OqKY:
- 3,n;eCb y MeHH rro,n;06paHa He60JIblliaH 6H6JIHOrpa-
qJHH 3TOH TeMbI. IIorrp06yeM 3aKa3aTb. A rrOKa... BbI
JIbBa TerrJIOBa qHTaJIH? HeT? 0, 3TO 60JIblliOH 3HTY3HaCT
rrOHCKOB 30JIOTOH Ba6bI. Y Hac B 3aJIe rrepHo,n;HKH eCTb ero
CTaTbH.. .
M BOT H ,n;epmy B pYKax mypHaJI «3HaHHe - CHJIa». ,n:a,
OCHOBaTeJIbHO rropa60TaJI mypHaJIHCT TerrJIOB. Ha KOH,n;e,
KaK H y Hac C BOJIO,n;bKOH, ero rrOHCKH He YBeHqaJIHCb ycrre-
XOM, 3aTO B apXHBax T060JIbCKOH KOHCHCTOpHH y,n;aJIOCb
OTbICKaTb KOe-qTO: «B 1863 ro,n;y CBHID;eHHHK IIorroB BbI-

i
32
Be,l];aJI y XaHTOB HMeHa HX rJIaBHbIX CBHTbIHb H nOCJIaJI B
To6oJIbCK ,l];OHOC. CaMaH rJIaBHaH CBHTbIHH, nHCaJI IIonoB,
Ha3bIBaeTCH nO-HeHeD;KH HY-MaJI, 3aTeM H,l];eT KaMeHb HYM-
raTaH B Ta30BCKOM 3aJIHBe - BH,l];HMO, MeTeOpHT, 3aTeM
KaMeHHaH CTaTYH IIoropMa, cpHrYPbI 1'13 ,l];epeBa MHHHCeH,
XoPyrBaH 1'1 IIOCOTbI. . . »
B ,l];OHOCe IIonoBa nOpamaeT ynoMHHaHHe H,l];OJIa no HMe-
HH HY-MaJI. ,n:o Hero KYMHpa no HMeHH HYMaJI, HJIH IOMa-
JIa, HOMaJIb, HOMaJIa, BO BceH MHpOBOH JIHTepaType yno-
MHHaJI JIHmb CHOppH CTYPJIYCOH. Ho BO BpeMeHa IIonoBa
HanHcaHHaH 3a 800 JIeT ,l];O Toro cara 06 OJIaBe CBHTOM 6bIJIa
HeH3BeCTHa B POCCHH 1'1 BPH,l]; JIH qHTaJI ee B OpHrHHaJIe npo-
BHHD;HaJIbHbIH CBHID;eHHHK. A nOTOMY TaKoe COBna,l];eHHe
,l];aJIeKO He CJIyqaHHO 1'1 ,l];OJI:>KHO HMeTb peaJIbHYIO OCHOBY.
O,l];HO 1'13 ,n;eJI T060JIbCKOH KOHCHCTOpHH no p03bICKY H3bI-
qeCKHX maHTaHOB ,l];aTHpOBaHO 1757 ro,n;OM: «HamH JIIO,n;H
1'13 EH,l];bIpH - CepreH illepra 1'1 HBaH KOJIbInaeB, a TaKme
AneKceH IIaHrJIb 1'13 illanmHHbIX IOpT, JIIO,l];H Bce, Cy,n;H no
HMeHaM KpeID;eHbIe, e3,l];HT 1'1 c06HpalOT :>KepTBbI KaKOMY-TO
Ba:>KHOMY maHTaHY. EH,l];bIpb MeCTO rJIyxoe, aTO 03epo (1'13
CHCTeMbI CorOMCKHX) KHJIOMeTpax B 50 K IOrO-3ana,n;y OT
BeJIOrOpbH, Me:>K,n;y peKaMH KaMa 1'1 BbIHTbH, 1'1 JIIO,l];eH OT-
Ty,n;a He HamJIH. AJIeKCeH IIaHrJIH npH3BaJIH K ,n;onpocy.
If TYT OTKpbIJIOCb, qTO Ha KOH,n;e YMep caMbIH rJIaBHbIH
rnaMaH, a ero B,n;OBa r JIHKepHH IO,n;HHa mHBeT B 6e33aKOHHH
C BaCHJIHeM MaTKOH. B,n;OBa rnaHTaHID;HKa 3a60THJIaCb,
qT06bI po,n; ee He rrpeKpaTHJICH. XOTH ee BbICeJIHJIH B CaMa-
pOBO, a nOTOM ,n;ame YBe3JIH B T060JIbCKHH MOHaCTbIpb, OT-
Ty,n;a ee YKpaJIH. K TOMY BpeMeHH OHa HMeJIa ,n;eTeH OT BaCH-
JIHH, H 06a OHH CqHTaJIHCb Y:>Ke "rJIaBHbIMH rnaMaHaMH"».

33
i
HHCTPYKHH «KOH,n;HHCKOH MHCCHH» , COCTaBJIeHHaH He-
3OJIrO,n;o peBOJIIOHH, OnHTb Tpe60BaJIa OT MHCCHOHepOB
HeMe,n;JIeHHO pa3bICKaTb H,n;OJIa, CJIbIByero no,n; Ha3BaHHeM
TpOHKOrO, K KOTOPOMY, KaK K eHTpy H,n;OJIOnOKJIOHCTBa,
CTeKalOTCH OTOBCIO,n;y HHOPO,n;u.bI-CaMOe.n;bI H OCTHKH-H,n;O-
JIOnOKJIOHHHKH H XpHCTHaHe. TpoHKoe - ceJIO pH.n;OM C Be-
JIoropbeM, H Hey,n;HBHTeJIbHO, 'tITO 60rOnpOTHBHbIH H.n;OJI C TaB-
HbIM HMeHeM nOJIytlHJI XpHCTHaHCKOe HB.3BaHHe - TpoHKHH.
H3 nepe'tlHCJIeHHbIX B .n;OKYMeHTaX Ha3BaHHH MeCT H Ha-
CeJIeHHbIX nYHKTOB, TaK HJIH HHa'tle CBH3aHHbIX C MeCTOnpe-
6bIBaHHeM TaHHCTBeHHOrO H,n;OJIa, BbITeKaJIO, 'tITO nOCJIe.n;Hee
ero 06HTaJIHe Haxo,n;HJIOCb n06JIH30CTH OT Tex MeC'l', Ha
KOTopbIe YKa3aJI HaM AneKceH Cypry'tleB. IIoxome, 'tITO MbI
6bIJIH 6JIH3KH OT ero y6emHa. Oco6eHHO OT'tIeTJIHBO MbICJIb
06 3TOM B03HHKJIa, Kor,n;a $I ,n;O'tlHTaJI ,n;o KOHa CTaTblO Ten-
JIOBa: «CTapHKH rpHropHH H IIapcpeHTHH Cypry-qeBbI 6bIJIH
lliaMaHbI HJIH CBH3aHbI C waMaHaMH 30JIOTOH Ba6bI, XOTH
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TaH HaXO,lJ;HTCH B nOKoe. HHKOMY H HHKor.n;a ero He HaHTH.
ECTb MaJIeHbKHH OCTpOBOK cpe.n;H 60JIOT...»
Bce COBna,n;aJIO C paCCKa30M Moero npHHTeJIH. He Ha-
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3bIBaTbCH C 30JIOTOH Ba6oH. IlonaB B ccpepy ee npHTHme-
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u
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2 - 5<)<))

i
34
H36paHHY1O TeMY, 3aBJI8J];eJIa BHHMaHHeM aBTOpa 3THX CTpOK
,n;peBH5151, HO BeqHO MOJIO,n;a51 H 06aHTeJIbHaH Ba6a-Hra.
IIpH 3HaKOMCTBe C 3TOH CeBepHOH Be,n;bMOH H ee HeqHCTOH
pO,n;HeH BbI51CHHJIOCb, qTO reHearrOrHqeCKOe ,n;peBO yracalOw;e-
ro po,n;a HrH, BKJI1Oqa1Ow;erO CJIaB51HCKY1O JI8J];Y, 3bIP51HCKY1O
HOMa- Ba6y , HeHeKY1O HYMarry, 1OrOpCKY1O COpHH-HaH H Be-
JIHKOe MHOmeCTBO ,n;pyrHx H,n;OJIOB-60rOB, YXO,n;HT KOpH51MH B
,n;peBHee 513bIqeCKOe rrpornJIoe Hapo,n;OB HarneH PO,n;HHbI.
He TOJIbKO TopmeCTBY xpHCTHaHCTBa, HO 60JIbrne H3Me-
HeHH10 COHa.rrbHbIX YCToeB 06w;ecTBa, rrOBbIrneHH1O KYJIb-
TypHoro H 06w;e06pa30BaTeJIbHOrO ypOBH51 06513aHbI MbI
TeM, qTO K Haqa.rry rp51,n;yw;ero BeKa Ha reHea.rrorHqeCKOM
,n;peBe 513bIqeCTBa He 3aCOXJIa Ha YTerneHHe ,n;eTBope o,n;Ha
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corrpHKaca51Cb Ha rrepeKpeCTKax BeKOB, B3aHMHO 060raw;a-
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rneHHO 51BCTBeHHO rrpOCMaTpHBa1OTC51 po,n;HTeJIH - KYJIbTY-
pbI CJIaB51HCKa51 H yropcKa51, KOHTaKTaM KOTOpbIX 06pa3
Ba6bI-HrH 06513aH CBOHM rrOHBJIeHHeM.
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6H6JIHOTeKY, qT06bI 3aH51Tb rrpHBbIqHOe MeCTO B qHTarrbHOM
3arre. B cpoHe MeHH BCTpeTHJI rrJIaKaT: «KJIy6 "T1OMeHcKa51
CTapHHa" rrpoBo,n;HT Beqep "CKa3KH"». T10MeHCKaH cTapHHa
MeHH KaK pa3 HHTepecoBarra, a rroToMY 51 3arJI51HYJI Ha orOHeK.
B npocTopHOM KOHcpepeH-3arre 51 HarneJI 06w;ecTBo ,n;arre-
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cTy,n;eHTOB H rreHCHOHepOB. B pOJIH rJIaBHOrO CKa3HTeJI51 BbIC-
Tynarr rrorrYJIHpHbIH Ha T1OMeHID;HHe rrHCaTeJIb reHH8J];HH Ca-

_ 35
t
30HOB. reOJIOr rro OCHOBHOH rrpocpeCCHH, HeMaJIO JIeT OT,n:aJI OH
TYH,n:pe H TaHre H cpe,n:H a60pHreHOB IOrpbI CJIbIJI CBOHM. JKe-
JIaHHOMY rOCT1O ,n:OBepHJIH rrpe,n:aHHH, paCCKa3bIBaJIH CKa3KH.
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- CKa3Ka Ha3bIBaeTCH « KOMrrOJIeH » - 3JIOH lJ,YX JIeca, -
TaK Haqarr rrHCaTeJIb. - ECTb Ha peKe KOH,n:e IIIHpoKHe pa3-
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C06paJICH HCKJI1OqHTeJIbHO CHMrraTHqHbIH, H H Tome PHCKHY JI
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TOH Ba6bI C Ba60H-.HroH. BCrrOMHHJIaCb MHe MOH ,n:oporaH 6a6-
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C STOH 3a6aBHOM rrpHCKa3KH H H HaqaJI CBOH paCCKa3 0
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(BMeCTO npHCKa3KH)
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TaB OT 3aTHHYBllIHXCH BOHH C KHTaeM, OT rpaHH TH6eTa
BhIIIJIeCHYJIHCb Ha IIpOCTOpbI CH6HPCKHX CTeneH Op,n;bI KO-

37
i
qeBHHKOB rYHHOB H paCTeKJIHCb no orpOMHbIM npOCTpaH-
CTBaM, no,n;qHH.RSI H YBJIeKaSl3a C060H KOtleBbIe Hapo,n;bI, OT-
TeCHHJIH B JIeca H 60JIOTa 60JIee CJIa6bIe <pHHHo-yropcKo-ca-
MO,n;HHCKHe nJIeMeHa. 3aBOeBaTeJIH nepeBaJIHJIH qepe3 PH-
cpeHCKHe ropbI (YpaJI), QTo6bI pa3rpa6HTb H nOTpHCTH
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BHapMHIO BeJIH ToprOBbIe ,n;oporH C BOCTOKa 1'1 3ana,n;a, 1'13

i
38
IlpaHa H CKaH,n;HHaBHH. CJIYXH 0 ee 60raTCTBaX H 30JIOTOH
60rHHe - HOMarre lliJIH no BceMY ,n:peBHeMY MHPY. ..
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HH nepBoro TbICHQeJIeTHH ,n:peBHHH PYCb, no,n; BJIHHHHeM 3a-
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OTpeKJIaCb OT CTapbIX 6oroB H ComrJIa Ha HenpOBCKOH KPY-
Qe ,n;y6oBoro HCTYKaHa BorHHH- MaTepH C ee CbIHOBbHMH JIe-
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pHX nOCJIe,n;HHe BOJIXBbI ee c6eperaJIH CTapHHHbIX H,n;OJIOB,
He cnellia 06MeHHTb HX Ha JIHKH HenOHHTHoro XpHCTa.
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KOTopbIe npHBepmeHbI KopaHa 06pYlliHBaJIH Ha HeBep-
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6erax Ha coce,n;eH. H36op03,n;HB B nOHCKax ,n;06bIQH Bce ce-
BepHbIe MOpH, caMbIH KOBapHbIH H3 HHX, TOPHp-co6aKa,

_ 39
i
,n;06paJICH ,n;o KarrHa IOrOpCKOH 60rHHH MOMaJIbI H e,n;Ba
YHeC HOrH OT pa3'bHpeHHbIX 6bHpMOB.
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CKOMY HrYMeHY, HO He yrroMHHYJI 0 rJIaBHOM - IOropCKOM
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i
40 _
Bpame6HO OTHOCHJIHC:b K MHCCHOHep8.M. OT npeCJIeOBaHHSI
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41
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i
42
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_43
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i
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45
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i
46
HbIH TPY «0 CeBepHOH H BOCTOtIHOH CapMaTHHX», 6e33aC-
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_47
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_ 51
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i
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_ 59
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_ 61
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_ 63
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XOM naXHeT... TbI, ,lI;06pbIH MOJIO,ll;e, OT ,lI;eJIa nbITaellib HJIH
,lI;eJIa nbITaellIb?» TOT eH H OTBe"tJ:aeT: «TbI, CTapa.H, npem,ll;e
HanoH-HaKopMH, a nOTOM npo BeCTH cnpaIlIHBaH». HecoM-
HeHHo, CKa3Ka 3Ta npH,lI;YMaHa JIIO,lI;bMH, XOpOIliO 3HaKOMbI-
MH C 6bITOM 06CKHX yrpoB. <Ppa3a 0 PYCCKOM ,lI;yxe nonaJIa B
Hee He CJIy"tJ:aHHO. ,n:erOTb, IlIHpOKO npHMeH.HBIlIHHC.H PYC-
CKHMH ,lI;JI.H nponHTKH KomaHOH 06YBH, C6PYH H Kopa6eJIb-
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ynoTpe6JI.HBIlIHX ,lI;JI.H nponHTKH 06YBH rYCHHbIH H pbI6HbIH
mHpbI. rOCTb, 3allIe,ll;IlIHH B IOPTY B «CMa3HbIX canorax»,
OCTaBJI.HJI nOCJIe ce6.H CTOHKHH 3anax pYCCKoro ,lI;yxa.
HapO,ll;OBOJIe C. IIIBeoB, oT6bIBaBllIHH CCbIJIKY B Cyp-
rYTe, OCTaBHJI B CBOHX «O"tJ:epKax CyprYTCKoro Kpa.H» JIIO-
60nbITHYlO 3anHCb, nO,ll;TBepm,ll;alOW;YIO, "tJ:TO npOH3BO,ll;CTBO
,lI;erT.H MeCTHOMY HaCeJIeHHIO 6bIJIO He3HaKOMO ern;e B KOHe
XIX BeKa: «B CyprYTcKoM Kpae, KaK PbI6oJIOBHOM, no-
Tpe6JI.HeTC.H 60JIbllIOe KOJIH"tJ:eCTBO CMOJIbI H ,lI;erT.H, HymHblx
,lI;JI.H CMOJIeHH.H JIO,ll;OK, cHacTeH H T. n. IIpH 06HJIHH JIeca rOH-
Ka CMOJIbI H ,lI;erT.H no"tJ:TH HH"tJ:ero He CTOHJIa 6bI HaCeJIeHHIO,
HO HHKTO H3 MeCTHbIX mHTeJIeH He YMeeT rHaTb ,lI;erOTb H
pbI6aKH nOKynalOT no py6JIIO H ,lI;opome 3a Be,ll;pO, npHB03H-
MbIH H3 CaMapOBa, r,ll;e 3THM 3aHHMaIOTC.H KpeCTb.HHe».
HallIeJI CBoe OTpameHHe B CKa3Ke H 06bI"tJ:aft ceBepHoro
rOCTenpHHMCTBa: rOCT.H nOJIaraeTC.H CHa"tJ:aJIa HaKopMHTb,
a 3aTeM MomHO paccnpallIHBaTb.

67
i
TaHHcTBeHHaH H36YllIKa Ha KypbHX HomKax He 'tJ:TO HHoe,
KaK IlIHpOKO H3BeCTHbIH Ha CeBepe Jla6a3 HJlH 'tJ:aMbH, THrr
X03HHCTBeHHOH rrOCTpOHKH Ha BbICOKHX rJlaKHX cToJl6ax,
rrpeHa3Ha'tJ:eHHbIH JlH coxpaHeHHH CHaCTeH H rrpHrraCOB OT
MbIllieH H XHIIJ;HHKOB. JIa6a3bI Bcera CTaBHTCH « K Jlecy 3a-
OM, K rrYTHHKY rrepeOM», 'tJ:T06bI BXO B Hero HaXOHJlCH
co CTOpOHbI peKH HJlH JleCHOH TporrbI. llCCJleOBaTeJlb T1O-
MeHCKoro CeBepa B.lI. EBJlaOB B CBoeH KHHre-OT'tJ:eTe «1I0
TYHpaM HMaJIa K BeJlOMY OCTPOBY» paCCKa3aJl, KaK ero
crrYTHHKH-HeHbI, a H OH CaM rro HX Tpe60BaHH1O, rrpH rrpH-
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HOJla pa3pellIaJlOCb TOJlbKO co CTporo orrpeeJleHHOH CTO-
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6YIlIKa-H36YIlIKa, rrOBepHHCb K Jlecy 3MOM, KO MHe - rrepe-
OM» rrpeCTaeT rrepe HaMH C HeomHaHHOH CTOpOHbI H
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pOT oembI 3aOM Harrepe KapHHaJIbHO MeHHeT OTHOllIe-
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me 06pa30M MomHO rrepeMeHHTb H xapaKTep HaCTpoeHHH
caMoro 3J10rO yxa, OJlHeTBOpHeMoro HOJlOM, eCJlH pa3-
BepHYTb yme caMoro HOJla Ha 180 rpaYCOB. lIo rrOBepbHM

i
68
a60pHreHOB-H3&IHHKOB, nOCJIe CMepTH .n;o6poro eJIOBeKa
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mHBOMY. H 3JIO - TaKaH me npOH3Bo.n;HaSl OT .n;o6pa, KaK
TeH& OT CBeTa. O.n;HaKO eCJIH nepeHeCTH Ha 180 rpYCOB
HCTOHHK CBeTa, TO H TeH& nepeMeCTHTCH Ha npOTHBono-
JIOmHYIO OT rpaHH&I Mem.n;y .n;06POM H 3JIOM CTOPOHY. A ec-
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H36ymKY, paCnOJIOmHTb ero He CO CTOPOH&I 3JIOrO H TeMHO-
ro JIeca, a OT CBeTJIOrO nYTH? B03MomHo Tor.n;a H .n;yma 3JIO-
ro 06HTaTeJIH H36ymKH nOBepHeTCH K .n;06py H cBeTY?
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OJIHeTBOpHeM&IX H.n;OJIaMH, MomHO BJIHHT&, eCJIH npHHec-
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MJIH nOBepHYT& JIHOM K nYTHHKY. B C03HaHHM a60pHreHoB
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pa H 3JIa, TaK me KaK mH3HH H cMepTH.CHTaeTcH, tITO
3JIO - 3TO 06paTHaH (npoTHBOnOJIOmHaH) CTopOHa .n;06pa.
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Ta H36ymKH 3JIO CTaHOBHTCH .n;06POM, a 3JIaH H KOBapHaH
Hra 060pa'tlHBaeTCH .n;06pOmeJIaTeJI&HOH H npHBeTJIMBOH
6a6yceH, BO BceM nOMoralOeH cTpaHHMKY, nycTHBmeMY-
CH Ha nOHCKH y.n;aH, nOToMY tITO Ha PYCH H3.n;aBHa CQMTa-
JIH: «HeT xy.n;a 6e3 .n;06pa».
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u
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Hoca CKJIa.n;&IBaJIHC:b YCTOHtIHB&Ie CKa30tIHbIe 06pa3&I,

69
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Bcero nOTOMY, qTO aapo.n;HJIHCh OHH Ha OCHOBe cpaKTHqeCKO-
ro 3THorpacpHtIeCKOrO MaTepH8JIa H pe8JIhHhIX Ha6JIIO.n;eHHH.
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6a6e-B-.are, nOCKOJIhKY .aroH Ha3hIBaeTCH MeXOBa.a .n;oxa.
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1857) 06'&HcH.aeT, 'tITO .ara - o.n;em.n;a Hano.n;o6He XaJIaTa C
OTKJIa.n;H&IM, B tIeTBepT&, BOpOTHHKOM. ill&eTCH H3 TeMHbIX
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TOJIKOBaHHe, IIo.n;tIepKHBaerr ero To6oJI&CKOe npOHcxom,n;eHHe.
B 1771 ro,n;y B.q>. 3yeB, n06&IBaBillHH B Bepe30BcKoM
ye3.n;e, OIIHCaJI O,n;HO TaKoe KaIIHm;e C H,n;OJIaMH: «CTO.aT B
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T&I B CYKOHH&Ie ManH&I, BC.aKHMH JIHThIMH OJIOBHHH&IMH,
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i
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por C Ta6aKOM 6e30TJIy"tlHO 6hlBaeT H npo"tl.». HecoMHeHHo,
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CKa3KH 0 TeperneqKe, B3HTaH B KaqeCTBe snHrpacpa K STOR
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Bo06e Ha,D;06HOCTh KaTaThC.H-BaJIHThCH no)); ,n;epeBOM noc-

71
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JIe 06:>KOpCTBa, BMeCTO TOrO qT06hI OTJIe:>KaThCH B rrOKOe?
M KpOBO:>KMHOCTh JIeCHOH CTapYllIKH BHYllIaJIa rJIy60KHe
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KY,l);a-TO H3 3HOHHhIX CTpaH, C OCTpOBOB OKeaHHH, r,l);e rOJIhIe
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KOCTpa, Ha KOTOpOM :>KapHTCH COrrJIeMeHHHK. A B HallIHX
YMepeHHhIX llIHpOTax TaKoro, K8.:>KeTCH, He CJIyqaJIOCh.
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qTO CKa3Ka He qTO HHoe KaK pa3MhIThIH CJIe,l); ,l);aBHO YllIe,l);-
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6a «TIOMeHCKaH CTapHHa» CJIyqHJIOCb BbIexaTb H MHe.
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73
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BaM MaTepHaJIhl. ¥ MeHH KaK pa3 HMeeTCH crrHCOK ero pa-
60T - B3rJIHHYTh He XOTHTe?»
¥,n;a'tla HBHO CJIe,n;OBaJIa 3a MHOH rro nHTaM. H BOT H CHO-
Ba cHmy B TeMHOH KOMHaTYWKe Mem6H6JIHOTe'tlHOrO a6o-
HeMeHTa H rrpOCMaTpHBalO 6eCKOHe'tlHhle JIeHThl MHKPO-
cpHJIhMOB C npOH3Be,n;eHHH HOCHJIOBa. HeHCTOBhlH HCCJIe,n;o-
Ba TeJIh CeBepa orry6JIHKOBaJI B 1901 ro,n;y B mypHaJIe
«PyccKaH MhICJIh» O'tlepK «H3 HCTOpHH ,n:aJIeKOrO CeBepa.
IIpoIIIJIoe 06,n;opCKa». B HeM aBTOp Co6paJI pH,n; rrpe,n;aHHH
Ii JIereH,n; 0 6hITe a6opHreHoB. O,n;HY H3 He6hlJIH, KaKHMH

i
74
06hlqHO rrOTqYIOT ,n;OBepqHBhIX CJIYllIaTeJIeH, paCCKa3aJI Ho-
CHJIOBY rrpeCTapeJIhIH 06,n;OPHHHH:
- Pa3Be ,n;eHCTBHTeJIhHO CaMOe,n;hI rrpHHOCHJIH qeJIOBe-
qeCKHe :>KepTBhI? - CrrpallIHBaeT Y Hero HOCHJIOB.
- '1TO BhI! 8TO 6hIJIO Y HHX caMoe 06hIKHoBeHHoe. He
TOJIhKO :>KepTBhI, HO H TaK rrpOCTO 3ape:>KYT qeJIOBeKa H IIO-
e,n;HT ero*.
- ,n:a HeY:>KeJIH?
- ¥BepHIO Bac, rroe,n;HT: TaK H CBapHT B KOTJIe H CJIorra-
IOT,OKaHHHhle.
- HeY:>KeJIH?
- ¥ BepHIO Bac. .. :>KepTBa - KaKaH-HH6y,n;h HeCqaCTHaH
CHpOTa - ,n;eBOqKa. . .
CJIe,n;OM HOCHJIOB rrepeCKa3hIBaeT TO JIH 6hIJIh, TO JIH
BhIMhICeJI 06 06,n;OpCKOM COTHHKe KaKaYJIHHe, KOTOPOMY
rocTerrpHHMHhIH CaMOe,n;cKHH KHH3eK HK06hI rrpHHec Ha 3aK-
JIaHHe CBOID IOHYIO ,n;Oqh, He y,n;OBJIeTBOpHBllIHCh rro,n;HOllIe-
u
HHeM rOCTIO O,n;HOH TOJIhKO OJIeHYXH-BameHKH.
BpH,n; JIH CTOHT yrrpeKaTh HOCHJIOBa B rrorrhITKe rry6-
u u
JIHKaHH pa,n;H ,n;ellIeBOH rrorrYJIHpHOCTH Y pOCCHHCKoro
06hIBaTeJIH HerrpOBepeHHoro MaTepHaJIa. HeJIerKaH
:>KH3Hh yqeHOrO-HCCJIe,n;OBaTeJIH CeBepa H MHO:>KeCTBO
orry6JIHKOBaHHhIX pa60T CJIY:>KaT ,n;OCTaTOqHOH aTTeCTa-
HeH ero 06'heKTHBHOCTH. 0 ,n;peBHHX 06hlqaHX H3hlqeC-
Koro CeBepa rrYTellIeCTBeHHHK 3HaJI He rrOHaCJIhIllIKe. Bo
BpeMH cBoeH 3HMOBKH Ha HOBOH 3eMJIe HOCHJIOB HarrH-
caJI O,n;HH H3 caMhlX CTpallIHhlX CBOHX paCCKa30B 0 :>KH3HH
6pollIeHHhlx Ha rrpOH3BOJI cy,n;h6hI apCKHM rrpaBHTeJIh-
CTBOM HeHeB.
* CH6HPCKHH npHKa3. N2 462; MH. IV N2 126 II.

_ 75
i
CTHXHHHhIe 6e,n;CTBHH, 60Jle3HH H rra,n;em OJleHeH, He-
u
y,n;a"tlHhIH rrpOMhICeJl H MHOmeCTBO ,n;pyrHx rrpH"tIHH MOrJlH
rrOCTaBHTh 6e33am;HTHOrO rrepe,n; Mory"tlHMH CHJlaMH rrpHpO-
,n;hI TYH,n;pOBHKa Ha rpaHh mH3HH H CMepTH, Kor,n;a He OCT a-
u
BaJlOCh HHoro BhIxo,n;a, KpOMe "tIeJlOBeqeCKOH mepTBhI.
CTaphIH HeHe ¥y"tleH paCCKa3aJl rrYTerneCTBeHHHKY 0
CTparnHOM rOJlo,n;e, KOTOphIH o,n;Ham,n;hI CJly"tlHJlCH Ha HOBOH
3eMJle, Kor,n;a H3-3a ,n;OJlrOH Herroro,n;bI yrneJl 3Beph H KOHqH-
JlHCh rrpo,n;YKThI. rOJlo,n;HaH CMepTh rp03HJla 06HTaTeJlHM
CTOH6Hw;a, H Tor,n;a rnaMaH rrpe,n;yrrpe,n;HJI MymqHH, "tITO crra-
ceHHe - B "tIeJlOBe"tleCKOH mepTBe.
- TOJlhKO 3TO OH CKa3aJI HaM, - 6a6hI 3aBhIJlH, rrpH-
CMHpeJlH H rOJlOBhI rrOBeCHJlH, H ,n;eBKa 3aBbIJla.
- 3a"tleM 3aBhIJla? - y,n;HBHJlCH H (HOCHJlOB).
- A 3aTeM 3aBhIJla, "tITO ,n;ora,n;aJlaCh, "tITO MbI ee ,n;aBHTh
6y,n;eM.. .
- RaK ,n;aBHTh? - He rrOHHMalO H H crrparnHBalO:
- A TaK - rnaHTaHY! B "tIYMe HHKoro He 6hIJlO rro,n;xo,n;H-
w;ero: pe6HT HeJlh3H, 6a6y Tome maJIKO, a ,n;eBKe Bce paBHO
rrOMHpaTh - o,n;Ha-o,n;HHerneHhKa Ha 6eJlOM CBeTe.
«H ,n;ame He BepHJI CBOHM yrnaM, - paCCKa3hIBaeT Ho-
CHJlOB, - CJlbIrna 3TO H3 YCT CBoero ,n;o6po,n;yrnHoro rrpH-
HTeJlH, HO OH 6hIJI cephe3eH B 3TOM oTKpoBeHHoM paccKa3e,
,n;a H HeqerO 6hIJlO rnYTHTh B TaKOM rrOJlOmeHHH».
- qTO me BhI, 3a,n;aBHJlH ee rnaHTaHY?
- HeT, oTBepTeJlacb: Ha C"tIaCTbe ee rrpHrneJl 3Bepb.
Pa3YMeeTcH, CHPOTY y,n;yrnHJlH 6hI He PMH mepTBhI rnaH-
TaHY KaK TaKOBOH. IIocJle rrpHHeceHHH mepTBhI ,n;OJlmHO
6hIJlO COCTOHThCH o6H3aTeJlbHOe rroe,n;aHHe mepTBeHHoro
MHca, "tITO ,n;aBaJIO rnaHC BhImHTh o6HTaTeJlHM CToH6Hw;a.

t
7 6
EaK BH.D;HO H3 OtlepKOB O.D;HOrO H Toro me aBTopa, Ha tleJIO-
BetleCKHe mepTBonpHHoweHHH TYH.D;pOBHKOB TOJIKaJIa me-
v
CTOKaH .D;eHCTBHTeJIbHOCTb, nOJIyrOJIO.D;HaH mH3Hh H nOCTO-
HHHaH OTtlaHHHaH 6oph6a 3a cyecTBOBaHHe.
Ho C WOBHHHCTHtleCKOH TOtlKH 3peHHH 06hIBaTeJIH Tpa-
rHtleCKHe SfiH30.D;bI mH3HH 3aTepHHHoro B 6e36pemHhIX CHe-
rax BhIMHpalOero Hapoa BbIrJIHeJIH nO-HHOMY. He nbI-
TaHCb BaBaTbCH B nepBOnpHtlHHhI C8.M03aKJIaHHH .D;OBeeH-
HbIX rOJIOOM o OTtlaHHHH JIIOeH, o6hIBaTeJIh aeT HM
npe3pHTeJIbHOe np03BHe (c C8.Moe». H B H8)J;em.D;e HaHTH
onpaB.D;aHHe CBoeMY npecTynHOMY paBHO.D;ymHIO, B YTellIe-
HHe ce6e H Ha Y.D;HBJIeHHe o6w;ecTBY pacnpOCTpaHHeT CTpam-
HbIe He6hIJIHIJ;bI 0 HeCtlaCTHhIX.
mecToKHH rOJIO.D; CJIytla.rrCH H B TaemHOH 30He. B 6YMa-
rax CH6HpcKoro npHRa3a COXpaHHJIOCh onHcaHHe BeJIHKO-
ro rOJIO.D;a B CyprYTcKoM ye3e 3HMOH 1625/26 rO.D;a: «He
HCTepnH rOJIO.D;Y co6aK nepeeJIH; 6hIJIH CJIytlaH 11 JIIO,n;oe-
CTBa: Bac-lOraHcKoH BOJIOCTH HCatlHbIH OCTHK IIhIKTbIHKO
noweJI npOMhIllIJIHTh HcaR Ha JIec H C npOMhICJIY He 6hIBaJI H
BeCTH npo Hero He 6bIJIO, a ero meHa 6e3 Hero He HCTepnH
rOJIO.D;y, .D;BOHX .D;eTeH CBOHX C'DeJIa» * .
CnpaBeJIHBOCTH pa.D;H OTMeTHM, qTO KaHHH6aJIH3M B
peBHHX MHcpOJIOrHHX fiPHCY MHorHM BepXOBHhIM 6ome-
CTBaM, HanpHMep KY JIbT 3eBca JIHKeHcKoro, tleJIOBeqeCKHe
mepTBonpHHomeHHH ,D:HOHHCY, ApTeMH,ZJ;e H MHorHM py-
rHM. ITo Mepe B03HHKHOBeHHH 3anpeTOB Ha KaHHH6aJIH3M,
ero Bce 60JIhWe OTHOCHT K HH3IIIeMY MHPY tlYOBHW;-JIIOO-
e,n;OB, BeJlHKaHOB, BebM. CpeH no,n;o6HbIX cyw;ecTB H Ba6a-
* CH6HPCKHH npHKaa, CT. 376. Cp. KH. N2 8, JI. 27, 32a.

77
i
Bra. IIpoHcxo,lJ;HT BhITeCHeHHe MOTHBOB KaHHH6aJIH3Ma B
ccpephl MarHH, llIaMaHH3Ma, Tpe6YIOID;Hx ,lJ;OCTHmeHHH Be,lJ;h-
MOH, KOJI,lJ;YHOM, llIaMaHOM oco6oro COCTOHHHH C03HaHHH,
OTOm,lJ;eCTBJIHeMOrO C O,lJ;epmHMOCThlO, 6e3YMHeM H ,lJ;OCTH-
raeMoro C rrOMOID;hlO CrreD;HaJIhHhIX, 'tIaCTO Ta6YHpoBaHHhlx
,n;eHcTBHH. OTCIO,lJ;a IlIHpOKoe pacrrpOCTpaHeHHe rroBepHH 0
TOM, 'tITO rrO,lJ;06Hhle JIIO,lJ;H yrroTpe6JIH1OT B rrHID;Y 'tIeJIOBe'tleC-
Koe MHCO. BhlJIO 6hI HeCrrpaBe,lJ;JIHBhIM YTBepm,lJ;aTh, 'tITO
mepTBorrpHHOllIeHHH H3hI'tIeCKHM 60raM COBepllIaJIH TOJIh-
KO CaMOe,lJ;hI. IIpHHOCHJIH HX H ,lJ;PyrHe H3hI'tIHHKH, oco6eH-
HO BO BpeMH BOHH. Ee B XVII BeKe CaMOe,lJ;hI COBepllIaJIH
'tIaCThle Ha6erH Ha OCTHD;KHe BOJIOCTH: «B 1678-1679 ro-
,lJ;ax rrpHIlIJIa Ha 06,lJ;op BopOBCKaH CaMOH,lJ;h 60JIhllIe 400 'tIe-
JIOBeK H HCa'tlHhIX OCTHKOB, KOTophle 6hlJIH B IOpTax H Ha
rrpOMhICJIaX H Y phl6HOH JIOBJIH y6HJIH 23 'tIeJIOBeKa H Ha,lJ;
HHMH Ha,n;PyraJIHCh, HOCH H PYK rrepCThI Y HHX pe3aJIH, a HX
meH rpa6HJIH H HarHX OCTaBHJIH, a ,lJ;eTeH HMeJIH K ce6e B
rrOJIOH». TaK H B CKa3Ke: «HaJIeTeJIa Ba6a -Bra H YHeCJIa K
ce6e HBallIe'tlKY. . . »
B03HHKHOBeHHe rroBepHH 0 TOM, 'tITO Be,lJ;hMhI, KOJI,lJ;YHhI
H llIaMaHhI yrroTpe6JIH1OT B rrHY 'tIeJIOBe'tleCKOe MHCO, rrpo-
HCXO,lJ;HT KaK pa3 OT 3Toro.
B TO me BpeMH ,lJ;YXH-JIIO,lJ;Oe,lJ;hI rrpe,lJ;CTaBJIHIOT C060H
u
O,lJ;HY H3 rJIaBHhIX orraCHOCTeH, rrO,lJ;CTeperalOID;HX KaMJIalO-
ID;ero llIaMaHa BO BpeMH ero rryrellIecTBHH B 3arpo6HhIH MHp.
IIpH HaJIOmeHHH KaHHH6aJIhCKHX 06pH,lJ;OBhIX MOTHBOB Ha
MHtP 0 BeJIHKOH MaTepH-rrpapO,lJ;HTeJIhHHD;e, BpO,lJ;e HOMhI
HJIH CopHH-HaH, B03HHKa1OT 06pa3hI, rrO,lJ;06HhIe Ba6e-Hre.
Mem,lJ;Y TeM 3HaMeHHThlH co6HpaTeJIh PYCCKHX CKa30K
A.H. AcpaHaCheB C'tIHTaJI, 'tITO Ba6a-Hra - cyecTBo 'tIe-

i
7 8
JIOBeqeCKOe H npHHa,l);JIemHT K qHCJIY BeHX meH, Be,l);bM, a
Be,l);bMbI H Be,l);YHbI - JIIO,l);H, KaK H maMaHbI), KOTopble BJIa-
CTHTeJIbHOH CHJIOH mepTBonpHHomeHHH H qapO,l);eHHbIM
CJIOBOM 3arOBopa MOrJIH ynpaBJIHTb nocTynKaMH JIIO,l);eH H
caMHX 6oroB.
BepCTa BOCbMaJI
Haii, COPHH-Haii H HauHa
Ho CJIymaH: B po.n;HHe MoeH
Mem.n;y rrYCTbIHHbIX pbI6apeH
HaYKa .n;HBHaH TaHTCH.
ITo.n; KpOBOM Be'tlHOH THmHHbI
Cpe.n;H JIeCOB, B rJIymH .n;a.rreKOH
mHByr ce.n;bIe KOJI.n;YHbI;
K rrpe.n;MeTaM My.n;pOCTH BbICOKOH
Bce MbICJIH HX YCTpeMJIeHbI;
Bce CJIbImHT rOJIOC HX ymacHbIH,
't.{TO 6bIJIO H 'tITO 6y.n;eT BHOBb,
H rp03HOH BOJIe HX rro.n;BJIaCTHbI
H rpo6, H caMaH JI106oBb.
A.C. II YW1CU1t.
PYCJla1t U JI 100.MUJla
POCCHH - CJIaBHHo-cpHHHo-yropcKaH CTpaHa, - 3aH-
BHJI O,l);HaJK,l);bI MaHCHHCKHH n03T IOBaH llIecTaJIoB. - C8.MO
CJIOBO "MOCKBa" yropcKoe H rOBopHT 0 TOM, qTO CJIaBHHe,
OCBaHBaH yropcKHe 3eMJIH, nepeHHMaJIH MHoroe H3 KYJIb-
TypbI H 06blqaeB yrpOB. ,n:ame BeJIHKHH IIymKHH He H36e-
maJI 3Toro. Ee 6bI: Be,l);b ero JI106HMaH HHHI011IKa ApHHa
PO,l);HOHOBHa caMa C ,l);eTCTBa BocnHTbIBaJIaCb Ha cpHHCKOM
cpOJIbKJIOpe H nepe,l);aBaJIa ero CBoeMY nHTOMY. BnHTaHHbIe

79
i
C MOJIOKOM CKa3KH He CMOrJIH B ,lJ;aJIbHeHllIeM He OTpa3HTb-
C.H Ha TBOpqeCTBe IIYllIKHHa».
BeCb MHp OTMeqaJI 150-JIeTHe co ,lJ;H.H CMepTH IIYllIKHHa
H rOBOpHJIH H rrHCaJIH 0 IIYllIKHHe MHoro. M Bce me BbICKa-
3bIBaHHe IIlecTaJIoBa MHe TOr,lJ;a 3arrOMHHJIOCb. 3aXOTeJIOCb
caMOMY pa306paTbCH B CrrpaBe,lJ;JIHBOCTH CKa3aHHoro, H H
BHOBb 3aCeJI 3a KHHrH. IIo,lJ;06paTb JIHTepaTYPY OKa3aJIOCb
He TPY,lJ;HO: 6H6JIHOTeKa KaK pa3 pa3BepHYJIa K 106HJIelO 06-
llIHPHYIO KHHmHYIO BbICTaBKY - TOJIbKO 3HaH qHTaH. C Hee
H HaqaJIOCb Moe 6JIH3KOe 3HaKOMCTBO C IIYllIKHHbIM.
He OllIH6cH IOBaH IIlecTaJIoB: MHorHe BeKa PYCCKHe mHJIH
B 6JIH3KOM COCe,lJ;CTBe C cpHHHo-yropcKHMH HapO,lJ;aMH: Kape-
JIaMH, cpHHHaMH, 3CTaMH, BerrCaMH, KOMH, MOP,lJ;BOH, MapHH-
aMH, Y,lJ;MypTaMH, BOryJIaMH, OCTHKaMH. CJIyqaJIOCbMem,lQ7
coce,lJ;.HMH BCHKoe, 6bIBaJIH H BoeHHbIe CTbIqKH, HO 60JIbllIe c.rra-
BHHe H yrpbI MHpHO COCe,lJ;CTBOBaJIH H TOprOBaJIH. B3aHMHbIe
KOHTaKTbI 060raaJIH He TOJIbKO MaTepHaJIbHO. IIocTerreHHo
CTHpaJIHCb rpaHH Mem,lJ;Y ,lJ;BYMH KYJIbTYPaMH. CTOJIeTHHMH
mHJIH p.H,lJ;OM yrpbI H PYCCKHe, ,lJ;PymHJIH CeMb.HMH, XO,lJ;HJIH B
rOCTH, BepHJIH O,lJ;HHM cyeBepHHM, CJIYllIaH CKa3KH, rrepeHH-
MaJIH ClOmeTbI H repoeB ,lJ;Pyr Y,lJ;Pyra. IIOpOH H He pa306paTb,
KaKaH CKa3Ka ,lJ;peBHee - yropCKa.H HJIH PYCCKaH. C,lJ;eJIaTb
TaKOH BbIBO,lJ; TaK me CJIOmHO, KaK orrpe,lJ;eJIHTb, KaKOH Hapo,lJ;
CcpOpMHpOBaJIC.H paHbllIe. O,lJ;HO HeCOMHeHHO: KYJIbTypa CPHH-
Ho-yrpoB OKa3aJIa CaMoe Herrocpe,lJ;CTBeHHoe BJIHHHHe Ha cpop-
MHpOBaHHe cpOJIbKJIOpa ceBepHbIX CJIaB.HH, rrpOHHKJIa B peJIH-
rHIO H 06P.H,lJ;bI rrpaBOCJIaBHOH epKBH, OKa3aJIa 3MOHOHaJIb-
Hoe B03,lJ;eHCTBHe Ha MHorHX pOCCHHCKHX JIHTepaTopOB.
M COBepllIeHHO He c.rryqaHHO rrOHBJIeHHe B rrepBOH rr03Me IIyrn-
KHHa repoeB H3 ceBepHOH CTpaHbI CYOMH - <l>HHHa H HaHHbI.

i
so
A.C. ITYWKHH 06paTHJI CBOH n03THtleCKHH B30p K CeBe-
PY ee B MOJIOhIe rOhI B IIepHO pa60TbI Ha «PYCJIaHOM
H JIIOMHJIOH». BepOHTHO, K TOMY BpeMeHH ITYIlIKHH 6hIJI
u
OCTaTOtlHO HaCJIbIlliaH 0 HeKOra Mory:r.u;eCTBeHHOH B HeO-
603pHMbIX CeBepHbIX rrpOCTOpaX aCTe H3bItleCKHX KOJlY-
HOB. BbIpOCllIaH Ha <pHHCKOH MbI3e CYHbI HHHH IIYIlIKHHa
ApHHa POHOHOBHa MOrJIa C caMoro eTCTBa BnHTbIBaTb B
C03HaHHe HpKHe 06pa3hI ceBepHoro cpHHCKoro 3noca: ceo-
6opooro 06pOYIlIHoro KOJIYHa BHHHHMeHHeHa H 3JIo6-
HOH KOJIYHhH JIOYXH. POMaHTHtleCKOe Boo6p8JKeHHe, no-
nHTaHHoe CKa3KaMH ApHHbI POHOHOBHbI, HapHCOBaJIO B
n03Me KOBapHYIO KOJIYHbIO-ceBepHHKY HaHHY. BOT KaK
paccKa3bIBaeT 0 pOHHe HaHHbI Cl>HHH: «.. .ITpHpOHbIH
<pHHH, B OJIHHaX HaM OHHM H3BeCTHhIX, rOHHH CTao ceJI
OKpeCTHbIX, B 6eCnetlHOH IOHOCTH H 3HaJI OHH peMYtlHe
y6paBhI.. . Tora 6JIH3 Halliero CeJIeHbH, KaK MHJIbIH BeT
yeHHeHbH, mHJIa HaHHa. . . »
11:3 3THX CTpOK MomHO C YBepeHHOCThIO 3aKJIIOtlHTb, tlTO
KpacaBHa HaHHa npOmHBaJIa n06JIH30CTH OT 3aTepHHHO-
ro B JIecax <pHHCKoro CeBepa CeJIeHHH, mHTeJIH KOToporo
3aHHMaJIHCb nO-BHHMOMY OJIeHeBOCTBOM, nOCKOJIbKY HH-
KaKHe pyrHe CTa He naCYT B peMyqHx y6paBax. 11:3 TeK-
CTa TaKme CJIeyeT, tlTO IOHaH KpacaBHa npOmHB8.JIa OT-
eJIbHO OT JIIOeH, B yeHHeHbe. TaKoH cnoco6 paCCeJIeHHH
tlpe3BbItlaHHO pacnpOCTpaHeH Y ceBepHbIX HapOOB, 3aHH-
ThIX OXOTOH, pbI6oJIOBCTBOM H OJIeHeBOCTBOM, nOCKOJIbKY,
B OTJIHtlHe OT rpynnoBoro nOCeJIeHHH, n03BOJIHeT paHO-
H8.JIbHO OCBaHBaTb 60JIbIlIHe TeppHTopHH.
To, tlTO XOpOlliO H npHBhItlHO JIa ceBepHHHHa, YHBJIH-
eT H HaCTOp8JKHBaeT pYCCKoro 3eMJIeeJIha, npHBbIKllIero

81
i
mHTb 60JIbllIOH 06W;HHOH.PHCKHYBIlIHH nOCeJIHTbCH B OH-
HOqeCTBe, Ha BbICeJIKaX, HeH3MeHHO npH06peTaJI CJIaBY qe-
JIOBeKa HeqHCTOrO: pa360HHHKa, a TO H KOJIYHa.rrYIlIKHH
CTpOKOH 06 yeHHeHHH HaHHbI npeBapHTeJIbHO HHCPOpMH-
pyeT qHTaTeJIH 0 ee CTpaHHOM nOBeeHHH, nbITaeTCH Ha-
CTpOHTb Ha oc060e OTHOllIeHHe K HeH. 11:3 aJIbHeHllIero onH-
caHHH MeCTa 06HTaHHH H eHTeJIbHOCTH HaHHbI MomHO 3aK-
JIIOqHTb, qTO mHBeT OHa cpeH cpHHHo-yropcKoro Hapoa
KOMH, n06JIH30CTH OT nOJIYHo:r.u;HbIX (ypaJIbCKHX) rop -
06HTeJIH ee npHHTeJIH qepHoMopa, 0 KOTOpOM e:r.u;e BCH peqb
BnepeH:
... Tor.n;a OH BCTpeTHJI no.n; ropoH
CTapymeqKY -qyTb-qyrb mHByro,
rOp6aTyro, COBceM ce.n;yro.
OHa .n;opomHOIO KJIIOKOH
EMY Ha ceBep nOKa3aJIa.
«TbI TaM HaH.n;emb ero» - CKa3aJIa.
HTaK, qepHoMop - ceBepHHHH. Y KOMH-nepMHKOB e:r.u;e
B He3anaMHTHbIe BpeMeHa nOHBHJICH MHcp 0 cy:r.u;eCTBe, 06-
JIaalOw;eM OHOBpeMeHHO qepTaMH HrH H "tJepHoMopa. STO
cy:r.u;eCTBO qeJIOBeqeCKOrO 06JIHKa HOCHJIO HMH Hr-MopT.
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i
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meT: «CH6HpCKoe rocyapcTBO coepmHTCH B nOJIHOHOH
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cyw;ecTBo CBepX'beCTeCTBeHHoe, a KOJIYHbH - cyw;ecTBo
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pHCOBaJIH HaM 06pa3 KOJIYHbH, 'tJbe HM.H H xapaKTep CXO-
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JIee Bcero HanOMHHaeT 3HaKOMY1O HaM BceM C eTCTBa Hry.

_ 83
i
B 1938 roy B Apx06JIrH3e BbIllIeJI 'tJyecHbIH C60PHHK
«<POJIbKJIOP Hapoa KOMH» co 'BcTyrrHTeJIbHOH CTaTbeH
A.A. IIorroBa. B Hero BOIliJIH MHcpbI, rrpeaHHH H CKa3KH
KOMH-3bIPHH, Ha'tJHHaH C peBHeHIlIHX BpeMeH. qHTaH HX,
HeTpYHO 38.MeTHTb, KaK C Te'tJeHHeM BpeMeHH 3bIpHHCKaH
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CTBaMH. B paHHeM cpOJIbKJIOpe KOMH HOMa rrpH06peTaeT rro-
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B CKa3Kax 60JIee rr03Hero rrepHoa HOMa - yme meH-
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B ceMb HeH mepTBbI, 60r JI106HJI H 3aID;HIQaJI HX. Ho KaK-TO
OHambI OHH 3a6hIJIH rrpHHeCTH o'tJepeHYIO mepTBY: BYX

i
84
MaJlbtlHKOB, BYX eBOtleK H TpeX OBe, H CBHpenbIH Ho-
MaJlb pa3rHeBaJlCH H HanYCTHJI Ha 6paTbeB 60JlhmOrO tlep-
Horo KopmYHa... »
B yropcKHX MHcpax H 3noce KopmYH npeCTaBJlHeT 60-
:>KeCTBO 3J1a. IIoqTH KaK y IIymKHHa: «BbeTCH Jle6eb cpeb
3bI6eft, / KopmYH HOCHTCH H HeH » . IIepexo nepCOHa:>KeH
H3 CKa30K H MHcpOB B JlHTepaTypHbIe npOH3BeeHHH eJlo
06bI'tIHOe, H OH He OJl:>KeH YHBJlHTb.
B r Jly60KOH peBHOCTH, nO-BHHMOMY, C KY JlbTOM HOMbI
6bIJlH CBH3aHbI tleJlOBetleCKHe :>KepTBOnpHHomeHHH, npH
KOTOpbIX MHCO nOe8.JIOCb. 8TO He HBJlHJlOCb npHHaJle:>K-
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BceM peJlHrHHM peBHOCTH. OTrOJlOCOK 3Toro 06pHa MbI
HaXOHM B CBHTOM npHtlaCTHH, Kora BKymaeTcH «TeJlO H
KpOBb XpHCTOBbI » . B3aHMonpOHHKHOBeHHe CIO:>KeTOB KOMH
H pYCCKoro cpOJlbKJlOpa HCHO 3aMeTHO, eCJlH conOCTaBHTb
CKa3KH Hapoa KOMH H CKa3KH co6paHHH AcpaHaCheBa, 3e-
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JleH, KpaCOtlHOCTH H o6pa3HocTH H3bIKa PYCCKHH BapHaHT
npeCTaBJlHeT C060H 3HatlHTeJlbHO yxymeHHYIO KonHIO
nepMHKHX CKa30K, BHHMO 60Jlee paHHHX.
PacnpOCTpaHeHHe KOMH-nepMHKOH CKa3KH H npOHHK-
HOBeHHe ee B PYCCKHH cpOJlbKJlOp 06'hHCHHeTCH aBHHM co-
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KOMH - OTXOHHKaM, pa60TaBmHM B TpHHOHHbIX Mec-
Tax OTXOHbIX npOMbICJlOB Ha KaMe, YPaJIbCKHX 3aBoax,
apXaHreJlbCKHX JleCOnHJlKaX H PyrHx MeCTax.
OHaKo nopa OT KopmYHa nepeHTH K BOJlme6HbIM Jle-
6eaM, eCJlH BepHTb cKa3KaM, 3aCJlY:>KHBmHM ce6e aJIeKO

85
i
He aHreJIbCKYIO penYTaHIO: «rycH-JIe6eH aBHO ce6e yp-
HYIO CJIaBY HamHJIH, MHoro mKOHJIH 1'1 MaJIeHbKHX eTeH
Kpa,ZJ;bIBaJIH ». B PYCCKOM <.}>OJIbKJIOpe MaJIO OTbIeTCSl
npHMepOB, Kora rYCH HJIH JIe6eH, npH BceM HapOHOM
nO'tlTeHHH K HHM, BbIcTynalOT B KaqeCTBe nOJIOmHTeJIbHbIX
repoeB.
CJIYtIaHHO JIH JIIO,ZJ;CKaH MOJIBa HeJIHJIa 3THX KpaCHBbIX
u u
Ii CHJIbHhIX nTH HeJIeCTHOH penYTaHeH npHcnemHHKOB
Ba6bI-HrH? IIoxome, tITO aJIeKO He CJIYtIaHHO H B OCHOBe
CKa30K 0 rYC.HX-JIe6eHX JIemaT CBeeHHSl 0 TOM, tITO B OK-
pymeHHH 30JIOTOH Ba6hI H HeKOTopbIX pyrHx BeJIHKHX KY-
MHpOB 6blJIH 60JIBaHbI B BHe rYCH H JIe6eeH.
II.II. HHcpaHTbeB, COBepmHBIlIHH nYTemeCTBHe K KOH-
HHCKHM MaHCH B HatIaJle BeKa, paCCKa3bIBaeT 0 KYJIbTO-
BOM aM6apqHKe: «KYKJIa 6bIJIa oeTa B pa3HOBeTHbIe JIOC-
KYTKH H CTOSlJIa nocpeH aM6aptIHKa. IIo TY 1'1 ,n;PyrylO CTO-
POHY HCTYKaHa 6bIJIH paCCTaBJIeHbI 14 MeHbIX JIe6eeH -
ceMb caMOB no npaBYIO H ceMb caMOK no JIeBYIO PYKY. JIe-
.6eH CtIHTaJIHCb nOKpOBHTeJISlMH nTHeJIOBa...» * MomeT
6bITb, HMeHHO 3Ta MeHaSl CTaSl aJIa HeH3BeCTHOMY CKa-
30tIHHKY ClOmeT JIH CKa3KH 0 rycSlx-JIe6eSlx, YTaHBmHX
IIBametIKY K 6a6e-B-Slre? OqeHb noxome. H Ha 3TOT Bonpoc
u
ern;e npeCTOHT HaHTH OTBeT.
IIotIHTaHHe JIe6e,ZJ;Sl MhI HaXOHM TaKme Y MHorHX ,n;PY-
rHX ypaJIO-aJITaHCKHx HapOOB, a TaKme Y cpHHCKHX H
TlOpKCKHX nJIeMeH (cH6HpCKHX TaTap). Y BOTSlKOB-.H3hIQ-
HHKOB B qeCTh 3Toro npe,n;CTaBHTeJISl 6oroB emerOHO YCT-
u
paHBaJICSl npa3HHK, KOTOphIH npOXOHJI B CBSleHHhIX
* HnrjJanmbe8 II.II. nYTeweCTBHe B CTpaHY BorYJIOB. cn6., 1910.
c. 70.

i
86
pOIQax. rJIaBHhIH 60r Soltan rrpHHOCHJICH Ha 3TO TOpme-
CTBO BYMH JIe6eHMH* .
06paTHM BHHMaHHe Ha HMH rJIaBHOrO 60ra - COJITaH H
OCTaBHM B rraMHTH.
lIo MHeHHIO HOJIOrrOKJIOHHHKOB, CHJIhHhIe llIaMaHhI
CrrOC06HhI rrpeBpaIQaThCH B 3BepH, pbI6y H 60JIhllIelO qaC-
ThlO B rrTHY - BOpOHa HJIH KoprnYHa. MorYT BhI3bIBaTh rro-
maphI, rpa, rpOM. Ha llIaMaHa HMO 6bIJIO yqHThCH, HaqH-
HaH C MOJIOhIX JIeT. qacTo rnaMaH caM BhI6HpaJI ce6e rrpe-
eMHHKa, qYBCTBYH rrpH6JIHmeHHe CTapOCTH HJIH THmeJIOH
60JIe3HH. BamHoH qaCThlO rnaMaHCKOH HaYKH CqHTarrOCh
KaMJIaHHe. BOT KaK OrrHCaJI ero r. CTapeB B cBoeH 3THor-
pacpHqeCKOH KHHre «OCTHKH»: «illaMaH rrpHHHMarr caMbIe
pa3JIHqHhIe rr03hI: BepTeJICH, rrpHcearr, CK8.KaJI. MHora me
Ka3arrocb, qTO ero TpHCJIa JIHXOpaKa H TOIlIHHJIO; ry6hI,
TYJIOBHIQe H HorH HaqHHarrH pomaTh. B 6eccBH3HOM KPH-
Ke, rreHHH H rrJIaqe MomHO 6hIJIO YJIOBHTb orrpeeJIeHHbIe
MOTHBbI C rrOBhIllIeHHeM HJIH rrOHHmeHHeM rOJIoca.
KpaHHe xapaKTepHhIMH 6hIJIH MOMeHThI, Kora llIaMaH
rrpHCTaBJIHJI KpaH 6y6Ha K rroHcHHe, K H3rH6y JIeBOR HorH
H TYJIOBHIQa, rrpHKacarrcH K eTopoHOMY qJIeHY H oparr.
lIpH 3TOM rrpaBaH Hora H JIeBaH PYKa rroHHMarrHch H orryc-
KaJIHCb oHHaKoBo paBHOMepHO H eJIaJIH OHH H Te me BH-
meHHH B pa3HhIx HarrpaBJIeHHHx. BbIJIO ceMh ceaHCOB - KO-
JIeH C rrepepbIBaMH. C KambIM KOJIeHOM rnaMaH CTaHOBHJI-
CH 3HeprHqHee, JIIOTee, cTpalliHee. mYTKoe BrreqaTJIeHHe
rrpOH3BeJI OH Ha 3pHTeJIeH, BbI3bIBaH yxa meHIQHHY. Tor-
a OH TpHCCH H peBeJI... » M XOTH KHHra CTapeBa BbIIliJIa
JIeT Ha CTO rr03me « PYCJIaHa H JIIOMHJIbI » , B orrHcaHHH ce-
I
* AcpaHacbeB A.H. H3B.H.o.r.o. 1881. BbIn.Y. C. 281.

_ 87
i
BepHbIX KOJlYHOB B HHX YIIOMHHalOTCH OHH H Te me IIPH-
CYIQHe lliaMaHH3MY aTpH6YTbI: yqeHHqeCTBO Y KOJlYHa,
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... TBOplO rrocrremHO 3aKJIHHaHbH,
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3eMJIH B3porHYJIa rro HorOH...
II BPyr CHHT rrepeo MHOH
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...Ax BHTH3b, TO 6bIJIa HaHHa!..
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HbIX.
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TbIMcKoro «HaM», qTO 03HaqaeT oHoBpeMeHHo H «meHIQH-
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IIpeIIOJlaraTb, re IIOCMOTpeJl IIYlliKHH <PHHHa H lliaMaH-
KY HaHHY, HO cOBIIa,ZJ;eHHe CJlHlliKOM HBHO, qTo6bI 6bITb CJlY-
qaMHbIM. II eCJlH Bce-TaKH OIIYCTHTb, qTO HaHHa - pe-
3YJlbTaT aBTopcKoro BbIMbICJla IIOSTa, TO MOMa H COPHH-
HaM - peaJIhHbIM, HeKora CYIQeCTBOBaBlliHM H3bIqeCKHM
HOJl, rJlaBHOe meHCKoe 6omecTBo YPaJIbCKHX yrpoB, H3Be-
CTHbIM IIO HMeHaMH llMa, MOMaJIb, IOMaJIa.

i
88
B peBHeH H3bIqeCKOH PYCH BJlHHHHe KyecHHKOB H BOJl-
XBOB 6bIJlO Qpe3BbIqaHHO BeJlHKO, HO C npHXOOM XPHCTH-
aHCTBa nOCTeneHHO oCJla6eJIo. B 3TOM npoecce H3bIQeCTBO
npHo6peJlo HOBbIe npHQY,lJ;JlHBbIe cpOpMbI: OT KaHOHH3aHH
H3bIQeCKHX CBHTbIX O npeBpaeHHH HX B CKa30QHbIe nep-
COHamH, noo6HbIe Hre H HaHHe.
BeYHbI H BebMbI CO BpeMeHeM YTpaTHJlH CBoe HCKYC-
CTBO, 3aTaHJlHCb Ha 8.JIeKHX OKpaHHax H B rJlYXHX JIecax.
OJIbIIle PyrHx npocyecTBoBanH KOJIYHbI B 6e36pemHbIX
CH6HPCKHX ypMaHax, omHB O Tex HeH, Kora npHHa-
JIemHOCTb K llIaMaHCKOH KaCTe CTaJIa CQHTaTbCH KOHTppe-
BOJlIOHOHHbIM eHHHeM CO BceMH BbITeKalOHMH nOCJIe-
CTBHHMH.
BepCTa eB.SITaJI
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JIOBeKOM CTaHOBJIIOCb.
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CropeTb Ha CBHeHHOM orHe, QTo6bI CTaTb QeJlOBeKOM?!
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KO TPYOB 0 CKa3Ke, caMbIM 3HaQHTeJlbHbIM H3 KOTOpbIX
CJIeyeT CQHTaTb KHHry «HCTOpHQeCKHe KOpHH BOJlllIe6HOH

89
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CKa3KH » . B STOM CPYHaMeH-
TaJIhMOM pa60Te IIponn no-
P06HO OCTaHOBHJICH Ha npe-
u u
nOJIaraeMOH pOOCJIOBHOH
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nOnhITaJICH OThICKaTh KOP-
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cpOJIhKJIOpe ACPPHKH, OCTpO-
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HOBaTeJIhHhIM nocnopheM B paCCJIeOBaHHH nOtlTH eTeK-
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meH 0 ce6e Heo6pylO naMHTh KaK 0 nOXHTHTeJIhHHe. ITo
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BorHHIO B 3IIOXY IIaJIeOJlHTa
(<<BHJlJleHop<pcKa BeHepa»)

i
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qHTaHHbIH C60PHHK «CPOJIbKJIOP Hapoa KOMH», H3aHHbIH
B ApXaHreJIbCKe ee B 1938 roy.
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CTapa.HCb He paCrrJIeCKaTb HH KarreJIbKH H3 qallIH HapOHO-
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HOH 06pa60TKe CKa3KH H rrpeaHH.H Hapoa KOMH - 6JIH-
maHlliero cocea CJIaB.HH. B C60PHHK BOIliJIH MHcpbI, rrpea-
HH.H H CKa3KH KOMH-3bIP.HH, HaqHHa.H C peBHeHIlIHx
BpeMeH. Bc.H HX rrpeJIeCTb B 3THorpacpHqeCKOH TOqHOCTH 3a-
rrHcH, rr03BOJI.H1OeH Ha6JI1OaTb rrpoecc pa3BHTH.H H rrpe-
06pa30BaHH.H cpOJIbKJIOpHbIX 06pa30B C TeqeHHeM BpeMeHH
H H3MeHeHHeM 06eCTBeHHO-3KOHOMHqeCKHX oTHollIeHHH
H peJIHrH03HbIX B033peHHH. Oc06eHHo rrpHBJIeKaeT HeYTpa-
qeHHa.H xyomecTBeHHocTb H3JIOmeHH.H H .HpKOCTb 06pa30B.
ITpH BHHMaTeJIbHOM qTeHHH HeTpYHo 3aMeTHTb, KaK C
TeqeHHeM BpeMeHH peBH.H.H 3bIp.HHCKa.H 60rHH.H MOM a -
Ba6a rrOCTerreHHO CTaHOBHTC.H rrpo06pa30M Ba6bI-HrH, a
3aTeM, HaeJIHB Hry rrpHCYHMH ce6e CBoHcTBaMH, MeH.H-
eT HM.H MOMa Ha HM.H Hra.
B caMOM paHHeM cpOJIbKJIOpe MOMa, OTpama.H 60pb6y
Memy MaTpHapxaTOM H rraTpHapxaToM, a B03MomHO, H
BJIHHHHe peBHeHpaHCKHX peJIHrHH, rrorrepeMeHHO rrpH06-

91
i
peTaeT qepTbI TO MymcKoro, TO meHCKOrO rrOJIa, rrOKa He
rrpHHHMaeT OKOHqaTeJIbHO meHCKHH 06JIHK: CHaqaJIa 3TO
60rHH.H, a rr03me, B CKa3Kax, - 3eMHa.H meHHHa.
B.H. ITporrrr B KHHre «MCTOpHqeCKHe KOpHH BOJIIIIe6HOH
CKa3KH» OTMeTHJI: «ECJIH Hra COCTOHT B pOCTBe C KeM-HH-
6Yb H3 repoeB, TO OHa Bcera rrpHXOHTC.H CpOHH meHe
HJIH MaTepH repo.H, HO HHKora He caMOMY repOID HJIH ero
OTy». B B.HTCKOH CKa3Ke ErH-606a rOBopHT: «Ax TbI H-
T.HTKO! TbI MHe 6yeIIIb pOHOH rrJIeM.HHHHqeK, TBO.H Ma-
MOHbKa ceCTpHa MHe 6yeT». CecTpHy 3eCb He CJIeyeT
rrOHHMaTb 6YKBaJIbHO. CKopee, 3TH CJIOBa 03HaqaIDT, qTO
ero MaTb rrpHHaJIemHT K TOMY pOOBOMY 06'beHHeHHID, K
KOTOPOMY rrpHHMJIemHT H caMa Hra. Ee .HCHee 3TOT CJIY-
qaH, Kora repOH yme meHaT. B 3TOM CJIyqae rOBOpHTC.H:
«3TO 3.HTb MOH rrpHIIIeJI», T.e. Hra HJIH MaTb HJIH ceCTpa ero
meHbI, rrpHHMJIemHT K TOMY me poy, qTO H OHa.
B rrepMCKOH CKa3Ke* repOH B rrOHCKax HCqe3HYBIIIeH
meHbI rrorrMaeT K Hre. «re TbI, MHJIOH pyx, rrpOmHBaJI-
C.H? - ITpomHBaJIC.H .H y eYIIIKH B yqeHHKax IIIeCTb JIeT, OH
crrOmeHHJI MeH.H Ha MaJIOH OqepH. - BOT TbI KaKoH ypaK!
Beb TbI :>KHJI Y 6paTa MoeBa, a B3.HJI rrJIeM.HHHHy MOID».
COMHHTeJIbHO, qT06bI repOH HHqerO He 3HaJI 0 CBoeH
Tee, mHByeH B JIecy. Ho eCJIH rrperrOJIOmHTb, qTO Tea,
ceCTpa H pyrHe 3aMeHHJIH C060H pyrHe cpOpMbI pOCTBa
rro JIHHHH TOTeMHoro, a He ceMeHHoro pOCTBa, TO Tora B
3TOM HeT HHqerO yHBHTeJIbHoro.
BHHMO, He CJIyqaHHo Ha 3TY cpOPMY pOCTBa HaMeKalOT
CKa3KH rrepM.HKOB H B.HTHqeH, 6JIH:>KaHIIIHX coceeH yparrbc-
* 3eJte1lu1l J(.K. BeJlHKoPyccKHe CKa3KH nepMcKoH ry6epHHH. IIeT-
porpa)J;. 1914.

j
92
KHX yrpoB, pO,l]; KOTOpbIX ,l];eJIHJICH Ha ,l];Be 3K30r8MHbIe <ppaT-
pHH - IIop H MOCb. CqeT pO,l];CTBa Y HHX IIIeJI He no OTOBC-
KOH, a no MaTepHHCKOH JIHHHH. MaTepb1O-npapO,l];HTeJIbHH-
eH <ppaTpHH MOCb CqHTaJIaCb JIHrYIIIKa MHC-H3. CbIHCKHe
xaHTbI Ha3bIBaJIH JIHryIIIKY «meHHHa MHC » HJIH « MHCbI
KYT H3» - meHHHa MHC, mHByaH Cpe,l];H KOqeK. MaHCH,
CqHTaBIIIHe ce6H nOTOMK8MH JIHrYIIIKH, Ha3bIBaJIH ce6H «Ha-
pac-MaxYM» no HMeHH JIHryIIIKH-MaTepH HapaC-HaH, qTO
03HaqaeT BOJIOTHaH meHHHa. Ho Ha H3bIKe MaHCH CJIOBO
u
«HaH» 03HaqaeT He TOJIbKO MOJIO,l];Y1O KpaCHBY10 meHHHY,
HO H nJI8MeHHYIO KpacaBHY. EaK B CBH3H C 3THM He BcnOM-
HHTb qY,l];eCHY1O, HenOBTopHMYIO no ClOmeTY CKa3KY 0 II:apeB-
He-JIHrYIIIKe. IIocJIe Toro KaK lIBaH cmHraeT JIHryIIIaqb10
Komy, II:apeBHa CKpbIBaeTCH Y CBoeH pOCTBeHHHbI Ba6bI-
HrH, BepHee nOOqepe,ZJ;HO Y Tpex ceCTpH-Hrar (HrarH - no-
MaHCHHCKH - ceCTpa). HrarH Be,l];YT ce6H C lIBaHoM no-po,l];-
CTBeHHOMY ,l];06pOmeJIaTeJIbHO H no-ceBepHOMY rOCTenpHHM-
HO. II:apeBHa-JIHrYIIIKa (HapaC-HaH), nO-BH,l];HMOMY,
npHXO,l];HTCH 6a6YCHM-HrYIIIaM pO,l];CTBeHHHeH. HeapOM B
CJIOBape B.lI. ,D:aJIH 60JIbIIIaH 3eJIeHaH JIHrYIIIKa HMeHyeTcH
HKYIIleH, a no Ha6JI1O,l];eHHHM B. BapTeHeBa O,l];HH H3 ceBep"
HbIX xaHTbIHCKHX pO,l];OB (OqarOB) Ha3bIBaJICH «HrH».
lIHTepecHO, tlTO Ha PYCCKOM CeBepe B opHaMeHTax BbI-
IIIHBOK BCTpeqaJIOCb H306pameHHe poma1OHx meHHH B
BH,l];e JIHrYIIIKH. B pH,l];e CJIyqaeB JIHrYIIIKH-pomaHHbI H306-
pameHbI pHOM C TepeMKOM-KanHeM. 8TH H306pameHHH
u
CBH3bIBa1OT C KYJIbTOM nOJIyxpHCTHaHCKOH"rrOJIYH3bIQeC-
KOH 60rHHH Toro me CeBepa IIapaCKeBbI IIHTHHnbI, KOTO-
paH 3a Hapyru;eHHe 3arrpeTa Ha pa60TY B nHTHHny MomeT
HCTbIKaTb OCJIYlliHHny BepeTeHOM H npeBpaTHTb B JIHryIIIKY.

93
i
ITpocpeccop A.A. IToTe6HH B HCCJIe,l];OBaHHH «Ba6a Hra»
rrperrOJIOmHJI, 'tITO ITapacKeBa IT8THHa H Hra H3Ha'tlaJIb-
HO rrpeCTaBJIHJIH OHH H TOT me rrepCOHam, co BpeMeHeM
pa3BOHBIIIHHCH. B OKa3aTeJIbCTBO OH rrpHBOHT BapHaHT
u u
PYCCKOH CKa3KH, He OCTaBJIHIOI.IJ;HH COMHeHHH, 'tITO JIHrym-
Ka rrpHXOHTCH Hre O'tlepblO. 8TO ero Ha6JIIOeHHe xopo-
mo corJIacyeTcH C cpHHHo-yropcKoH MHcpOJIOrHeH 0 HOMe,
CopHH-HaH H Hapac-HaH. HecoMHeHHo, 'tITO OHH HMelOT 06-
IIJ;HH co CKa3KaMH 0 Hre MHcpoTBOp'tleCKHH HCTO'tlHHK H 06'be-
HHeHbI rro TeppHTOpHaJIbHOMY rrpH3HaKY.
B MHcpe KOMH « KaK COTBOpHJIaCb 3eMJIH» HaXOHM:
«ITpeme 3eMJIH H He6a He 6bIJIO, a 6bIJIO 60JIOTO H Ha HeM
KO'tlKH. HH 3BepeH HHKaKHX, HH 'tIeJIOBeKa, HH rrTH... O-
HambI rro rrHCK KOMapOB BbIJIe3alOT H3 60JIOTa Be JIHrym-
KH... JIHrymKH yrraJIH, yapHJIHCb 060 'tITO-TO TBepoe H
rrpeBpaTHJIHCb B JIIOeH. CJIerraH H rJIyrraH CTaJIa Ha3bIBaTb-
CH EHOM, 3pH'tIaH H XHTpaH - OMOJIeM. meHa EHa pOHJIa
eMY BYX 6JIH3Hen;OB: eBO'tlKY, KOTOPYIO Ha3BaJIH HOMoH,
H MaJIb'tlHKa BOHrreJIH... A HapObI Ha 3eMJIe rrpOH30IIIJIH OT
BOHrreJIH H HOMbI». ¥ KOMH eCTb rrorOBopKa: HOMa-Ba6a
KOb JIbOK, 'tITO 3Ha'tlHT - 3JIa, KaK HOMa-Ba6a. HHOH H He
MomeT 6bITb TeHb H BOHHH HrH.
BbIXOHT, 'tITO HOMa-Hra - caMa BHy'tlKa JIHrymKH?
llJIH ee O'tlb? ITo KOMH-cpOJIbKJIOPy rrOJIy'tlaeTCH, 'tITO He
TOJIbKO O'tlb, HO H MaTb JIHrymKH. HaCJIeCTBeHH-OCTb 'tIaI.IJ;e
Bcero rrepeaeTCH B TpeTbeM rrOKOJIeHHH. BOT CKa3Ka «HoMa
H ,l];Be ceCTpbI»: «mHJIH-6bIJIH Mym C meHoH, H pOHJIaCb y
HHX O'tlb. IIocJIe 3Toro meHa YMepJIa H OH meHHJICH Ha py-
rOH. BTopaH meHa Tome pOHJIa eMY O'tlb. HeB3JII06HJIa Ma-
'tIexa CBOIO rr'tIepHU;y, B03HeHaBHeJIa ee, 6HJIa 'tIeM HH rro-

i
94
IIa.H. A OHambl IIp.HMO CKa3aJIa Mymy: "Kya XOqeIIIb
y6HpaM Oqb C MOHX rJIa3". YBeJIH OHH eBYlliKY H 6pOCHJIH
B KOJIOe. IIOIIaJIa OHa Ha KaKOM-TO 3eJIeHblM JIyr. BHHT:
IIaCeTC.H Ta6YH JIOlliMeM. (06paTHM BHHMaHHe Ha JIOIIIaeM
HOMbl-.HrH H B03bMeM Ha 3aMeTKY.) IIOOIIIJIa OHa K KOH.HM,
IIOXOJIHJIa HX, IIOqeCaJIa, H KOHH eM CKa3aJIH: «IIoMeIIIb Tbl
aJIbIIIe, IIpHeIIIb B H36y HOMbl- Ba6bl. OHa IIpHHeceT Te6e
KpaCHble H CHHHe JIYKOIIIKH, B03bMH ce6e KpacHoe".
IIpHIIIJIa, HaKOHe, K OMY HOMbl. BXOHT B OM, HOMa
eM H rOBopHT: "KameTC.H, y MeH.H IIpHCJIyra IIO.HBHJIaCb.
IIoH-Ka IIOCKopee 3aTOIIH 6aH1O, a TaK, qTo6bl HH OrH.H,
HH blMa He 6blJIO BHHO, HaKOJIH pOB, a TaK, qTo6bl HH
3BYKa He 6blJIO CJIblIIIHO" .
3aTOIIHJIa eBYlliKa 6aH1O, aHoMa IIpHHeCJIa Tya IIOJI-
Hoe JIYKOlliKO JI.HrYIIIeK-.HepH a BO.HHbIX HaceKOMbIX.
"BbIMOM, rOBopHT, BblIIapb MOHX eTOK. . ." »
TaKHM 06pa30M, pOCTBO HOMbl-.HrH C JI.HrylliKOM H ame
.HepHeM MomHO CqHTaTb OKa3aHHbIM. .Hra H JI.HrYlliKa
HMe10T He6eCHoe, 60meCTBeHHoe IIpOHcxomeHHe H o6a -
cyecTBa CBepxeCTeCTBeHHble.
r. CTapeB B 3THorpacpHqeCKOM OQepKe «OCT.HKH» Co-
06aJI 0 cyecTBoBaBIIIeM y xaHTOB IIpeCTaBJIeHHH 0 IIO-
3eMHOM MHpe, YIIpaBJI.HeMOM YXOM, HMe1OHM CB.H3b C JI.H-
rYlliKOH H .HepHeH.
Ha OHOM H3 HeHHbIX B 1946 ro,l{y B r. qepblHH IIepM-
CKOM 06JIaCTH III8.MaHCKHX IIJIaCTHH, «6ecoBcKHX IIpHB03HblX
K03HeM», C H306pameHH.HMH 6oroB, CB.H3aHHblX C KYJIbTOM
IIJIOOpOH.H Y peBHHX YPaJIbCKHX IIJIeMeH, 60rHH.H, Hecy-
a.H Ha rOJIOBe CHMBOJI BepXHero MHpa - COJIHe, CTOHT HO-
r8.MH Ha 3HaKe HHmHero MHpa - .HepHn:e. IIoo6Hble H306-

_ 95
t
pameHHH He eHHHqHbI H nOBTopHIOTCH no CIOmeTY. OT He-
pHbI - CHMBOJIa HHmHero MHpa HearreKO O HepKH -
X03HHKH MeHOH ropbI B yparrbCKI1X CKa3ax BamOBa.
Y xaHTOB, CqHTaBIlIHX JIHrylliKY CBoeH npapOHTeJIbHH-
eH, cyecTBoBarr 06bIqaH: eCJIH KTO-HH6Yb CJIaHHO pa3-
aBHJI JIHrYIlIKY, TO « BO HCKynJIeHHe rpexa» OH OJImeH 6bIJI
OTJIHTb ee I1306pameHHe H3 CBHHa H nOJIOmHTb B H36YllIKY
BMeCTe C HTTapMaMH npeKOB. KaK 6JIH3KOe K CopHH-HaH
60meCTBO, HapaC-HaH MOrJIa HaXOHTbCH B OHOH KYMHP-
He C HeH, qTO nOCJIymHJIO nOBOOM JIH 06'bHCHeHHH B CKa3-
Kax pOCTBa Memy HOMoH-.HroH H JIHrYIliKoH. TaM me,
cpeH cBHeHHbIx mepTBeHHbIx CTpeJI, B03MomHo, xpaHH-
JIaCb H Ta, KOTOpyIO IJ:apeBHa-JIHrYIliKa OCTaJIa H3 60JIOTa
cBoeMY cymeHoMY.
JI.P. mYJIb, I13yqaBIlIHH 6bIT caMbIX IOmHbIX - ca-
JIbIMCKHX OCTHKOB, onHcarr KYJIbTOBYIO I136YIlIKY oHoro H3
xaHTbIHCKI1X HOJIOB-TOHXOB CaJIXaHa (xaHa CaJIbIMa?):
«.. TYT me BHCHT MHHHaTIOpHbIe JIYKH (TYB-HorHT) C TaKH-
MH me CTpeJIaMH, cTynKH JIH TOJIqeHI1H KpanHBbI C neCTa-
MH H BepeTeHa. 8TO npHHollIeHHe TOHXY no CJIyqaIO pome-
HHH CbIHa HJIH OqepH» .
CYH no 60JIbllIOMY KOJIHqeCTBY B KanHe cTynoK C neCTa-
MH, B03MomHo, npeCT8.BJIHBIlIHX C060H HeKI1H cpaJIJIHqeCKHH
CI1MBOJI, JIYKOB, CTpeJI H BeperreH, MomHO CeJIaTb BbIBO 0 TOM,
qTO 3TH npeMeTbI COCTaBJIHJII1 06bIqHbIH Ha60p npHHOllIe-
HHH I1OJIaM, CBH3aHHbIX HMeHHO C pomeHHeM pe6eHKa.
ATPH6YT MHorHX CKa30K 0 .Hre - BepeTeHe qaCTO BCTpe-
qaeTCH 11 B CKa3Kax KOMI1 0 HOMe- Ba6e. CaMa cpopMa BepeTe-
Ha, OTarreHHO HanOMHHalOaH qeJIOBeqeCKYIO cpHrYPKY, B
YllIe npI1BbIKllIero K epeBHHHbIM 60mKaM H3bIqHHKa BbI-

i
96
3hIBaJIa cyeBepHbIe qYBCTBa, HaIIIeIIIHe CBOe OTpameHHe B
CKa3KaX H, KaK MbI YBHHM aJlee, B peJIHrH03HhIX 06PHax.
B 3hIp.RHCKOH CKa3Ke . .D:eBOqKa pOCTOM C BepeTeHO» O-
HHM H3 rJIaBHhIX eHCTBYK>HX JIHn; BbIcTynaeT HOMa-Hra.
CBH3b BepeTeHO-Hra COBepIIIeHHO He CJI)"IaHHa H OJIHD;eT-
BOpHJIa JIH HeKOTophIX ceBepHbIX HapOOB pomeHHe pe-
6eHKa. BcnOMHHM, qTO CopHH-HaH (OHa me Hra - Ba6a) npH-
nHChIBaJIaCb cnoc06HOCTb nOMoraTb pOmeHHK> AeTeH.
BpH)); JIH MOjKHO CqHTaTb CJI)"IaHHhIM B OHOH JIHmb CKa3-
Ke 0 QapeBHe-JlHryIIIKe HMeHHO TaROe COqeTaHHe KJIlOqeBhIX
npe));MeTOB: JIYK, CTPEJIA, BEPETEHO. CTyna He ynoMH-
HaeTCH, HO nopa3YMeBaeTCH, nOCKOJIhKY B CKa3Ke 3eH-
CTBOBaHbI cpa3Y TPH ceCTpHD;hI HrH, KOTophIe 6e3 Hee He 06-
XO.RTCH. BOT KaK B CKa3Ke 0 BepeTeHe: .OH, HBaH-n;ape-
BHq, - CKa3aJIa cTapyxa, - K8.K TbI OJIro!.. CKOpO CBh6a!
mHBeT Tenepb y 60JIbIIIOH ceCTpbI (nO-MaHCHHCKH - Hra-
rat), cTynaH Tya a CMOTpH ThI: KaK CTaHeIIIb nOXOHTb -
y Hee Y3HaIOT, EJIeHa 06epHeTCH BpeTeIIIKOM, a nJIaThe Ha HeH
6yeT 30JIOTOM... (KaK y CopHH-HaH), ThI... OTBOpH HHK,
BepeTeIIIKO nepeJIOMH, KOHqHK 6pOCb Ha3a, a KopeIIIOK -
lIepe C060H: OHa H OqYTHTCH lIepe T060H» .
IIo"BHHMOMY, COBepIIIeHHO He CJI)"IaHHO repOH CKa3KH
nOceaeT nOCJIeOBaTeJIbHO TpeX cecTep-Hrar. OHa MO.R 3Ha-
u
KOMaH, MaHCH IIO HaIJ;HOH8JIhHOCTH, paCCKa3hIBaJIa l1aMHTHhIH
C eTCTBa PHTYaJI 1I0KJIOHeHHH BeJIHKOH Ka3bIMCKOH 60rHHe
BYT- HMH: CHaqaJIa IIOKJIOHHJIHCb ee MJIIIIeH cecTpe, IIOTOM
eXaJIH Ha IIOKJIOHeHHe K cpeHeH, a ym IIOTOM - K CTapmeH.
H3aJIeKa npHKaTHJIOCb B CKa3KY BepeTeIIIKO IIpHXH
IIapaCKeBhI IIHTHHD;bI! «BOJIhIIIOH ChIH CTpeJIHJI, npHHeCJIa
u
CTpeJIY KH.RmeCKa Oqb; cpeHHH CTpeJIHJI, CTpeJIY IIpHHec-

97
i
JIa KyrreqeCKa Oqb; a MaJIOMY HBaHy-apeBHqy rrpHHeCJIa
CTpeJIY H3 60JIOTa JIHrYIIlKa...» HrYIIlKa - Hapac-HaH
HJIH, B rrepeBoe, BOJIOTHbIH orOHb, pOHaH ceCTpa, Oqb H
IIJIeMHHHHa 30JIOTOrO orHH - CopHH-HaH - MOMbI-HrH.
Ha rrpHMepe QapeBHbI- JIHryIIlKH MbI C B8.MH Mor JIH y6eHTb-
CH, KaK 06pa3bI yropcKoro TOTeMH3Ma MHcpOJIOrHH H H3bI-
u
qeCKHX cyeBepHH rrepeIIlJIH B PYCCKYIO HapOHYIO CKa3KY.
1:JTo6bI 06peCTH KpacaBHy, HymHo He rro60HTbCH CrraJIHTb
JIHrYIIlaqbIO Komy Ha 30JIOTOM orHe JII06BH - MYPOCTb, 3a-
BeaHHaH BceM rrOCJIeYIOHM rrOKOJIeHHHM peBHHMH yr-
paMH. He 3a6yeM ee.
BepCTa ,n;eCJlTaJI
llIaMaHbI H 3KCTpaCeHCbI
BbIJIH, 6bIJIH Y Hac maMaHbI.
JIeqHJIH rrpaBaMH, Me.n;BembeH meJI-
qbIO, Cpa.m;HBaJIH nepeJlOMbI, BlIpaB-
JIHJIH BbIBHXH. MaJIeHbKO KaMJIa-
JIH... ,n:a pa3Be MomHO 3a STO B Ka-
TaJIamKY camaTb! Y PYCCKHX 6bIJIH
CBOH 3HaxapH, Y xaHTOB - CBOH...
Anopeu KblKun, xanm
Ha MOeM CTOJIe 3a3BOHHJI TeJIecpOH. «H B TIOMeHH rrpo-
e3OM, - rrOCJIbIIIlaJIOCb B Tpy6Ke, - He MOrJIH 6hI MbI Ha
rrOJIqaca BCTpeTHTbCH? ECTb Heo6xoHMOCTb 06MeHHTbCH
HHcpopMaHeH 0 30JIOTOH Ba6e...»
B Bepb rrpOTHCHY JICH KPYIIHbIH ceelOW;HH MymqHHa C
OKJIMHCTOH 60pOOH. OT ero rYCToro 6aca B KOMHaTe cpa3Y
CTaJIO TeCHO: «51 CTOKHH OpecT BMHMOBHq, CrreHaJIHCT rro
4 - 599.1

i
98
6HOnOJI1O, HJIH, KaK MOHO Hac Ha3hIBaTh, 3KCTpaceHC. Mem-
lIY npoqHM, KaHaT reoJIoro-MHHepaJIOrWlecKHx HaYK. IIpo-
qHTarr B ra3eTe BaIllY BepCH10 0 npOHcxomeHHH HrH H 30JIo-
TOM Ba6hI H nopa.n;oBarrC.H oTBeTcTBeHHoMY noxoy K npo-
6JIeMe. IIocJIe eJIoro p.Ha cneKYJI.HHM Ha 3TOM TeMe Bpoe
"30JIOTOrO OrH.H IOrphI" H KHHocpHJIhMa "30JIOTa.H Ba6a" -
peKHM CJIyqaM. IIoTOMY.H H cqeJI HymHhIM BCTpeTHThC.H.
,lJ:eJIO B TOM, qTO 30JIOTOM Ba60M .H Tome 3aHHMaJOCh e-
JIhIM p.H JIeT, H, BHHMO, HeMarro 3eCh npeycneJI. TaKHe "qa-
CTHhIe" BonpOChI, KaR napanCHXOJIOrH.H, HJIO H BepMYCKHe
.HBJIeHH.H, HeJIh3.H paCCMaTpHBaTh CaMH no ce6e, 6e3 yqeTa ca-
MhIX IlIHpOKHX CBeeHHft H3 KOCMHqeCKOrO eCTeCTB03HaHH.H,
HCTOpHH, reOJIOrHH, aCTpOHOMHH H TaR arree. Ha.n;e1OCh, BhI
He CTaHeTe OTpHaTh np030pJIHBOH MYPOCTH peBHHX? »
H OTpHaTh He CTarr, H CTOKHH npOOJImHJI C YBJIeqeH-
HOCTh1O cpaHaTHKa, 3aHKJIHBllIerOC.H Ha OHOH Hee: «Be3
CBoero rJIy60Koro 3HaHH.H aCTpOHOMHH, reOJIOrHH H c06-
CTBeHHhIX CHCTeMaTHqeCKHX HayqHhIX pa3pa60TOK B 3THX
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_ 99
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i
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_101
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i
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B peJIHrHH HapO.n;OB ,n:Bype'tJbH
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KaTaKJIH3MbI CTepJIH C JIHa YpaJIa ,l];peBHee rOCY,l];apCTBO,
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_103
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peJIHrHH 60ra COJIHa HHMa, CTaBllIero Ha YpaJIe HOMa-
JIeM, a lIOTOM H HOMa-Ba60H. KYJIhT HOMa-Ba6hI cye-
CTBOBaJI B IIpHKaMhe BlIJIOTh,lJ;O HaqaJIa xpHCTHaHH3aHH
IIepMcKoro KpaH, KOr,lJ;a lIO,lJ; ,lJ;aBJIeHHeM MHCCHOHepOB OH
HaqaJI OCJIa6eBaTh H BhITeCHHThCH Ha ceBepO-BOCTOK 3a

_107
i
YpaJI, r,l];e COXpaHHJICH B BH,l];e BeJIHKOH Ka3bIMCKOH 60rH-
HH BYT- HMH.
"t.JT06bI nOHHTb, nOqeMY 60r HOMaJIb B,l];Pyr CTaHOBHTCH
HOMa- Ba60H, npH,l];eTCH npHnOMHHTb, qTO B HpaHCKHX H
TK>pKCKHX H3bIKaX CJIOBO « 6a6a», HJIH « 6060 », ,l];06aBJIHeT-
CH K HMeHH c06cTBeHHoMY B 3HaK oc060ro YBa:iKeHHH npH
06pa:w;eHHH K MY:iKqHHe, CTapllIeMY no B03paCTY (HanpH-
Mep, A.n:H-6a6a), H nepeBO,l];HTCH C caHCKpHTa KaK «OTe».
IIepeHHToe CJIaBHHaMH Y TK>pKOB CJIOBO «6a6a» npHHHJIO Y
HHX CMbICJI npoTHBOnOJIO:iKHbIH H CTaJIO 03HaqaTb nO:iKH-
JIYK> :iKeH:W;HHY.
H3 MHcpOJIOrHH nepMHH BH,l];HO, qTO H3HaQaJIbHO HOMa-
Ba6a 6bIJI MY:iKCKHM 60:iKeCTBOM, nOCTeneHHO H3MeHHBllIHM
CBOH nOJI no,l]; BJIHHHHeM npe06JIMaK>:w;ero Y YPaJIbCKHX
yrpoB nOKJIOHeHHH :iKeHCKOMY HaqaJIY. IIOJIO:iKHTeJIbHbIH
repoH HHMa CMeHHJI He TOJlbKO nOJI, HO H xapaKTep. B03-
MO:iKHO, B CBH3H C TeM qTO ero H,l];OJIY B cTapHHY npHHocH-
JIHCb qeJIOBeqeCKHe :iKepTBbI, Y KOMH eCTb noroBopKa:
«HOMa-Ba6a KO,l];b JIbOK» - 3JIa (30JI), KaK HOMa-Ba6a.
aBHO n03a6bITbIH HpaHOM, HHMa-Ba6a npo,l];oJl:iKaJI
,l];oJIro e:w;e nOqHTaTbCH Ha cpHHHo-yropcKoM CeBepe no,l]; HMe-
HaMH IOMbI, HOMbI, HOMaJIbI, IOMaJIbI, BYT- HMH. A OT HPaH-
CKoro HHMa - Ba6a ,l];06aBKY K CBoeMY HMeHH YHaCJIe,l];OBaJIH
30JIOTaH Ba6a H Hara(Hra)- Ba6a. BnpOqeM, nOCJIe,l];HHH
YHaCJIe,l];OBaJIa OT 60ra orHH e:w;e H MY:iKCKOH pO,l];OBOH npH-
3HaK xpaHHTeJIH oqara. HMeHHO n03TOMY OHa BCer,l];a B03JIe-
:iKHT Ha neqH. HHTepeCHoe Ha6JIK>,l];eHHe, CBH3aHHOe C HrOH H
OqarOM, BbICKa3aJI B KOHe npOllIJIOrO BeKa HCCJIe,l];OBaTeJIb
CeBepa BapTeHeB: «OCTHKH CTporo npH,l];ep:iKHBaK>TCH reH-
THJIbHOrO (TaK B TeKCTe. - A.3.) pO,l];CTBa. H3 Ha3BaHHH

i
108
HeJlb3H BbIBeCTH XapaKTepa TOrO COI03a, KOTOpbIH OHH Ha-
3bIBalOT a6paCb. (ApaCb - o'tlar, MaHCHHCKOe. - A.B.).
BOJlblliHHCTBO H3 3THX Ha3BaHHH npe,n;CTaBJlHIOT CJlOBa, HH-
'tIero He 03Ha'tlalOI.IJ;He B OCTHKOM H3bIKe, HanpHMep: HrH,
IIaH,n;o, TaJIb'tlon... JIH'tIHbIe HMeHa 60JlbllielO 'tIaCTblO npo-
H3BO,n;HbI: EpT-HrH (,n;o.m,n;eBOH CTapHK) H T.,n;. »
C YTBep.m,n;eHHeM, 'tITO Ha3BaHHe po,n;OBoro COlO3a (o'tla-
ra) HH'tIerO He 03Ha'tlaeT, BH,n;HMO, HeJlb3H COrJlaCHTbCH. Ha
OrpaHH'tIeHHOH TeppHTopHH o,n;HOBpeMeHHO cOCYI.IJ;eCTBYIOT
MHqJ KOMH 0 Hr MopTe, 6bIJlHHa OCTHKOB 0 60raTbIpe Hre H
OCTHKHH pO,n;OBOH COlO3 (o'tlar) HrH, B03MO.mHO YHaCJle,n;o-
BaBlliHH HMH 6bIJlHHHOrO repOH.
H.JI. rOH,n;aTTH, COBeplliHBlliHH 3Kcne,n;HHIO Ha To60Jlb-
CKHH CeBep, B CBoeH pa60Te (cCJle,n;bI H3bI'tIeCTBa Y HHOPO,n;-
eB CeBepo-3ana.n;HOH CH6HPH» (M., 1888) coo6W;aJI, 'tITO B
BepOBaHHHX MaHCH ,n;YXH - nOKpOBHTeJlH orHH Ha3bIBaJIHCb
HaHHe-O:LIp. CJle,n;oBaTeJlbHO, Hra - 3TO HaHHe-o,n;bIp.
A HMH HaHHa, KaK 3TO 'tIaCTO CJlY'tIaeTCH Y H3bI'tIeCKHX Ha-
pO,n;OB, npe.m,n;e 'tIeM CTaTb co6cTBeHHbIM, 6bIJlO CYI.IJ;eCTBH-
TeJlbHbIM H Mo.meT nepeBo,n;HTbCH KaK (cnJlaMeHHaH». ITo
STOH npH'tIHHe nYlliKHHCKaH HaHHa YHaCJle,n;OBaJIa Bce 'tIep-
TbI H nOBa,n;KH qJOJlbKJlOpHOrO nepCOHa.ma - Ba6bI-HrH.
BpH,n; JlH MbI HMeeM ,n;eJlo co CJlY'tIaHHbIM COBna,n;eHHeM.
BepoHTHee Bcero, nepBOHa'tlaJlbHOe 3HaqeHHe Ha3BaHHH
po,n;a nonpOCTY 3a6bITo HJlH C03HaTeJlbHO YTaeHO OT He B
Mepy JlI06onbITHoro nYTellieCTBeHHHKa. ECJlH cyw;ecTBOBaJI
OCTHD;KHH po,n; HrH, TO HenpeMeHHO ,n;OJI:iKeH 6bIJI cyw;ecTBo-
BaTb TaK:iKe H TOTeM po,n;a HrH Hero MaTepHaJIbHOe H306pa-
:iKeHHe, 06bI'tIHO B BH,n;e 60JIBaHa-H,n;OJla. B03MO:iKHO, HM
6bIJla caMa CopHH-HaH - 30JIOTaH Ba6a, OTO:iK,n;eCTBJIHe-

109
*
Mag C SlrOH. Mo.meT, ee H HCKaJI 6e3ycnewHo B CBoe BpeMg
mHJlLC cl>JleTtlep? KCTaTH, TO,. tlTO Ha3BaHHe pO,r(a 3a6LI-
u
TO, MomeT CBH,r(eTeJlLCTBOBaTb TaKme H 0 ,r(aBHeH nOTepe
HJlH YTpaTe H306pameHHSI TOTeM a H 0 nOCTeneHHOM CTHpa-
HHH H3 naMSlTH ero Ha3BaHHH.
06 H,r(OJle tioM8JIe ynoMHHaJI CHOppH CTYPJlYCOH B care 0
noxo,r(e TopHpa -C06aKH B npOCTHpaBmYK>CSI ,r(O OKeaHa BLSlp-
MHIO, HJlH IIepMHIO. IIOtlTH tlepe3 TLICSltlY JleT nocJle Hero
3aXOJlYCTHLIH 6epe30BCKHH CBSlw;eHHHK IIonoB BbIBe,r(aJI Y
xaHTOB H ,n;OHec B To60JlLCKYIO KOHCHCTOpHIO HMSI HX rJIaB-
Hoil CBSITLIHH: HY-MaJl. Ew;e tlepe3 nSlTL,r(eCSlT JleT npocpec-
Cop B.M. mHTKOB BLICK8.3aJI npe,r(nOJlOmeHHe, tlTO Ha3BaHHe
nOJlYOCTpOBa HM8JI npOHCXO,r(HT OT HMeHH HeHeKoro wail-
TaHa SlY-M8JI X3, tlTO 3HatlHT petlHOH CBSITOH. BnpOtleM, OH
Mor HOCHTL H OCTSIKoe HMSI Hxa-6a6a, T .e. petlHaSl6orHHH.
Ho BepHeMCSI Ha TeppHTOpHK> HpaHa B ,r(peBHHH WYMep-
CKHH MHp, r,r(e 6LIJI C03,r(aH H COXpaHHJlCH ,r(O HaWHX ,r(Heil
u u u
nepBLIH H3BeCTHLIH HaYKe nHCLMeHHLIH HCTOtlHHK C yno-
MHHaHHeM cyw;ecTBa, noxomero HMeHeM H xapaKTepOM Ha
Hawy Hry- Ba6y. STO anoc 0 nepBOM ape 'YpYKa rHJlLraMe-
u u
me - BLIcwee ,r(OCTHmeHHe xY,lJ;OmeCTBeHHOH MbICJlH O,r(HOH
H3 nepBbIX HBHJlH3aHH MHpa, ,r(peBHeHmaSl, CTapme HJlH-
a,r(bI 60Jlee tleM Ha TbICHtlY JleT n03Ma.
IIo3Ma 0 rHJlbr8MeWe 6bIJla HaHeceHa KJIHHOnHCbK> Ha rJlH-
HSlHbIX Ta6J1HaX Ha tleTLIpex ,r(peBHHX Sl3LIKax npOHp8.HCKO-
ro BOCTOKa - mYMepCKOM, aKKCKOM, XYPHTCKOM H XeTTC-
ROM, BepOSlTHO, ew;e B KOHe 3-ro TbICgqeJleTHSll1.0 HOBOH 3pbI.
B l1.0JlHHaX THrpa H EBcppaTa rHnep60peH WYMepbI CO-
cyw:eCTBOBaJIH co CKOTOBO,r(tleCKHMH ceMHTCKHMH nJleMe-
HaMH, TeCHO nepeMeWHBaSlCb ,n;pyr C ,r(pyroM, B pe3YJlbTaTe

i
110
"tIero CeMHTCKHH H3bIK rrOCTerreHHO BbITeCHHJI ,n;peBHHH H3bIK
llIYMepOB. B rrpOHpaHCKHH MHp K CeMHTaM MbI BepHeMCH
ee He pa3 ,n;aJlee.
B rr03Me apb YpYKa rHJlbraMellI o6paaeTCH K CBoeMY
COI03HHKY, "tIeJlOBeKo6bIKY SHKH,n;y: «,n:Pyr MOH, ,n;aJleKO
eCTb ropbI JIHBaHa. Ke,n;pOBbIM rrOKpbITbI 3TH ropbI JleCOM.
JKHBeT B TOM Jlecy CBHperrbIH XYM6a6a. ,n:aBaH ero BMeCTe
y6beM MbI C To6olO...» "tJeJlOBeKO-6bIKa MbI yme BCTpe"tIarrH
B cpOJlbKJlOpe ceBepHH KOMH. TaK, MomeT, TaHHCTBeHHbIH
XYM6a6a mHJI Kor,n;a -TO B Ke,n;pOBbIX Jlecax Y parra? IIo rrpe,n;-
rrOJlOmeHHHM HeKOTopbIX COBpeMeHHbIX apxeOJlOrOB, B03-
HHKllIHM rrocJle paCKorrOK ,n;peBHeHllIero ropo,n;a ApKaHM B
"tJeJlH6HHCKOH 06J1aCTH H «,n;OJlHHbI apeH» (llHraJlbcKoH
,n;OJlHHbI) B TIOMeHcKoH, HMeHHO Ha 3TOH TeppHTopHH B
«CTpaHe ropo,n;OB» 3apom,n;aJlHCb rrpoToHH,n;oapHHcKaH H
rrpoToHpaHoapHHcKaH HBHJlH3aHH. 3,n;ecb me HarrHcaHbI
PHrBe,n;a H ABecTa. A BOHHCTBeHHbIe apHHcKHe aMa30HKH,
Harra,n;aH Ha OKpeCTHbIe Hapo,n;bI, ,n;aJIH rrOBO,n; ,n;JlH C03,n;aHHH
CKa30K 0 cBHperroH « 6a6e» . OKOH"tIaTeJlbHOrO rro,n;TBepm,n;e-
HHH ,n;orMKe rrOKa HeT. O,n;HaKo, HeCOMHeHHO, "tITO XYM6a-
6a, MHMa-Ba6a, MOMa-Ba6a, Mara(Hra)-6a6a, 30JlOTaH
Ba6a, Ba6aH - CBepX'beCTeCTBeHHbIe cyecTBa o,n;Horo
pH,n;a H Be,n;YT CBoe rrpOHcxom,n;eHHe H3 rJly6oKoH CTapHHbI.
BbIllIe yme yrroMHHaJIOCb KYJlbTOBoe MeCTO 06CKHX yr-
pOB, cocpe,n;OTO"tIeHHe MarreHbKHX H36YllIeK Ha O,n;HOM-,n;BYX
cToJl6HKaX, cJlymHBllIHx XpaHHJlHaMH KYKOJI - BMeCTH-
JlHeM ,n;YllI YMepllIHX rrpe,n;KOB. TaKoe MeCTO, HacToHHH
ropo,n;OK MepTBbIX ,n;YXOB, HOCHT Ha3BaHHe Ypa. rpaHHa
Mem,n;y CBeTJlbIM H rrOJlHOHbIM apCTBOM HOCHT HMH Yparr
(cTpaHa ropo,n;oB?). Ha3BaHHH ,n;peBHeHllIHx ropo,n;OB ,n:BY-

_111
i
pe"tIbH HMelOT B CBOeM COCTaBe KOpeHb «YP», a O,n;HH H3 HHX
TaK H Ha3blBaeTCH - Yp. B ,n;paaH,n;HHCKHX H3blKax CJlOBO
«YP» 03Ha"tIaeT rrOCeJleHHe, ropo,n;. COTHH HaCeJleHHblX rrYH-
KTOB B IOmHoH llH,n;HH, BepXOBHblM 60meCTBOM KOTOpOH
C"tIHTaJICH « BJlMblKa HorH » IIIHBa, HMelOT OKOH"tIaHHe « YP » .
B COBrra,n;eHHH xaHTblHCKOH H ,n;peBHeH ,n;paBH,n;HHCKOH TO-
rrOHHMHKH, CJle,n;bl KOTOpOH BCTpe"tIaIOTCH TaKme H B llpa-
He, Mbl HMeeM He rrpOCTYIO CJlY"tIaHHOCTb. 8TH CJle,n;bl Be,n;YT
Hac K apCTBY MepTBblX H HoraM, HJlH HraM rrO-HallieMY.
CrreHarrHCT rro HH,n;yHCTCKOH peJIHrHH E.ll. IIapHoB C"tIH-
TaeT: «Bcex 6e3 HCKJlIO"tIeHHH HH,n;YHCTCKHX 6oroB 6e3YCJlOB-
HO CJle,n;yeT rrpH"tIHCJlHTb K HOraM (HraM?). ,1J:aHKHHH (6ecoB-
Ka), llIH-Ka"tIH (Be,n;bMa), HorHHH (KOJl,n;YHbH), Bce 3TH HH3-
llIHe meHCKHe 60meCTBa C ,n;eMOHH"tIeCKHMH HMeHaMH H
COOTBeTCTBYIOeH BHelliHOCTblO BOrrJlOaIOT TBOp"tIeCKYIO
3HeprHIO llIaKTH».
KpOMe "tIHCTO rpaMMaTH"tIeCKOrO C03BY"tIHH HMeH KOJl,n;y-
HHH - PYCCKOH HrH(MarH), HH,n;HHCKHX HorHHH, HpaHCKOH
HrHrH, - 3aCTaBJlHIOerO 3a,n;YMaTbCH H rrorrblTaTbCH c,n;e-
JlaTb o606eHHH, o6paaeT BHHMaHHe HerrpeMeHHaH crrYT-
HHa HrH cTyrra, KOTopaH B CBeTe H3J10meHHOro rrpHo6pe-
TaeT Heo6bl"tIHblH H 3J10BeHH CMbICJI. Ha caHCKpHTe CJlOBO
«CTyrra» 03Ha"tIaeT BepXYlliKY MaB30JleH, HMrpo6He, KYJlb-
TOBoe coopymeHHe Ha MOrHJle HH,n;YHCTCKoro HJlH 6y,n;,n;HH-
CKoro CBHToro. A caHCKpHT - OCHOBa 60JlbllIHHCTBa eBpo-
rreHcKHx H3bIKOB.
113 CKa3aHHoro MomHO c,n;eJlaTb BbIBO,n;, tITO o6pa3 HrH
6blJl CHHTe3HpOBaH H3 MHomeCTBa CXO,n;HbIX o6pa30B HH,n;O-
HpaHcKoH MHcpOJlOrHH H rrpHBHeceH B C03HaHHe ceBepHblX
Hapo,n;OB. MJlH Hao6opoT, H3 KaKorO-TO H3Ha"tIaJlbHO o6e-

t
112
ro HCTOqHHKa napaJIJIeJI&HO nOHBHJIHC& nepCOH8.)KH PYC-
CKHX CKa30K - Hra, KY JI&TOB&Ie HHOHpaHCKHe repOH HMa
H :AHMa, 60rHHH YPaJI&CKHX yrpoB H CaMOHHeB :AoMa
6a6a, OHa me :AoMaJIa H CopHH-HaH.
B PYCCKOH CKa3Ke 06 HBaHe-apeBHqe H BeJIOM IIOJIHHH-
He (.mHTeJIe CHemHoro, 6eJIoro nOJIH) HeYTOMHMaH BOHTeJI&-
HHa Hra - 30JIOTaH Hora COBepmaeT CBOH Ha6erH H3 no-
3eMHoro apCTBa. CnaCaHC& OT npeCJIeOBaHHH apeBHqa,
OHa npHnOHHMaeT B yw;eJI&e .meJIe3HYIO OCKY (Ha,n;rp06He,
cTyny?) H CKp&IBaeTCH no 3eMJIeH, B apCTBe MepTB&IX, re
npaBHJI JIYHoporHH HMa. IIocJIe,l{yeM 3a HeH He38MeTHO H M&I.
BepCTa .n;BeHaTaJI
Jlra - KOCTHBaH BOra
H JlMa - BJIa,z:J;hIKa MepTBhIX
...B TpHeCHTOM apCTBe, 38 or-
HeHHOIO peKOIO :>KHBeT Ba6a -fira; y
HeR eCT:b TaKaH Ko6bIJIHa, Ha KO-
u u
TOpOH OHa Ka:>KbIH eHb BOKpyr
CBeTa 06JIeTaeT... IIomeJI HBaH
apeBHq - CTOHT OM Ba6:bI-firH,
KpyroM OMa .n;BeHa)J;aTh meCTOB,
Ha OHHHaaTH meCTax no qeJIO-
BeqeCKOH rOJIOBe, TOJIbKO O)J;HH He
3aHHTbIH.
M apbR M ope8na.
PYCCKaR napoiJnaR CKa3Ka.
EaK-TO He3aMeTHO npH:>KHJICH H B QHTaTeJIbCKOM KJly6e
npH HameH 6H6JIHOTeKe. A Kora HaCTaJI MOM Qepe eJIaTb
u u
OKJla JIH eHHTeJIeH 4TIOMeHCKOH cTapHHbI», peIllHJICH

113
i
paCCKa3aT& 0 CBOHX H3&ICKaHHHX 1'1 COMHeHHHX. B&IcTyn-
JIeHHe npOWJIO, MOmHO CKa3aT&, noqTH yaqHO, TOJI&KO no
KOHe ero OHa YMHeH&KaH cTyeHTOqKa C cpHJIcpaKa YHH-
BepCHTeTa 3BJIa Bonpoc KaBep3H&IH: I./.A Bce-TaKH noqe-
MY y HrH Hora KOCTHHaH?»
HCKpaCOMHeHHH,3apOHeHHaHcTyeHTOqKOH,3aCTaBH-
Jla BepHyr&CH K TeMe, KOTOpylO $I CqHTaJl 3aKOHqeHHOH. (ro-
BOpHJlH me MHe, qTo6&I C 5lroH He CBH3&IBaJICH.)
JlH CKa3KH He cyw;ecTByeT BpeMeHH&IX H npOCTpaH-
CTBeHH&IX OrpaHHQeHHH. B OHH MHr nepeHOCHT OHa Hac co
3HOHHoro !Ora Ha XOJIOH&IH CeBep. IIocJIeyeM 3a HeH H M&I.
B BHTCKHX Kpaax ew;e B Haq8JIe BeKa Hra COXpaHHeT CBoe
peBHee HMH ErH-6060, ErH6HcHa, ErH6HXa, ErH6HwHa.
B C60pHHKe 3eJIeHHHa (1915) BCTpeQaeTCH CeBepH&IH BapH-
aHT CKa3KH 0 TepeWeqKe no Ha3BaHHeM I./. HBaWKO 1'1 Be&-
Ma»: 1./....IIoToM npHXOHT BOT 3Ta CaMaH ErH6Hxa (HeQHC-
T&I BOT 3TH CaM&Ie: B 03epax mHBYT, B JIecax jKHBYT) H rOBO-
pHT: "BaHlOwa! IIo"be&-KO T&I K 6epemKY..."» OqeBHHO,
3TO 60Jlee paHHHH BapHaHT CKa3KH, QeM CKa3Ka 0 TepeweQ-
Ke, npOWeIIIaH JlHTepaTypHYIO o6pa6oTKY. B ynoMHHYTOM
C60pHHKe npOCMaTpHBaeTCH HHTepeCHaH 3aKOHOMepHOCT&:
BO Bcex CKa3Kax HapOH&IX CKa3HTeJIeH - ErH606a, ErH6H-
xa H T .., a B CKa3Ke, paCCKa3aHHOH CBHeHHHKOM IIoKpoB-
CKHM, - yme Ba6a-Hra. Ho 3TO MomeT rOBopHTb H 0 TOM,
qTO CBSIeHHHK npH6bIJI 1'13 pyrHx KpaeB.
PYCCKHe, nepMSlHe H BSlTHqH, H3aBHa 06aBWHecSI C
KOMH 1'1 XOHBWHe He e,n;HHOjKbI noxo,n;aMH Ha IOrpy, Jlyq-
me ,n;pyrHx 3HaJIH HX HeqHCTbIX. MMSI OHoro H3 rJlaBHbIX
HOJIOB OCTHKOB - X03HHHa pbI6 HJIH peqHOrO CTapHKa, no-
u
xaHTbIHCKH MOrJIO 3BYQaT& KaK «SlrYH-HKe», HJIH «Hra-

i
114
HKe » , HJIH «era -Hre » , B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT ,n;HaJIeKTa. BcrroM-
HHM: «He"tIHCTbI BOT 3TH caMble: B 03epax mHBYT, B JIecax
mHBYT... » X03HHH pbI6 - 60JIBaH C 30JIOTOH rpy,n;blO, caMa
30JIOTaH Ba6a HJIH BeCb COHM IOropCKHX ,n;eMOHOB ,n;a.rrH HMH
Ba6e-.Hre - MbI MomeM TOJIbKO ,n;ora,n;bIBaTbCH.
IIo,n;TBepm,n;eHHe reHeTH"tIeCKOH 6JIH30CTH 30JIOTOH
Ba6bI H Ba6bI-.HrH MomHO OTbICKaTb H B caMHX CKa3Kax.
B CKa3Ke o6llBaHe-apeBH"tIe H BeJIOM IIoJIHHHHe Ba6a-.Hra
XO,n;HT Ha 30JIOTOH Hore. Pa3HOHorOCTb .HrH KaK HaCJIe,n;-
u
CTBeHHbIH rrpH3HaK rrepexo,n;HT H3 CKa3KH B CKa3KY.
B BHTCKOH CKa3Ke «IIpo K03JIa»: «.. . Kor,n;a llBaHYlliKO
BOpOTHJICH ,n;OMOH, ErH6HCHa BbICKO"tIHJIa ero BCTpe"tIaTb:
o,n;Ha Hora r. .. HHa, ,n;PyraH Ha3eMHa, a y ero meHbI o,n;Ha Hora
cepe6peHa 6bIJIa, a ,n;pyraH 30JIOTaH... »
B ,n;pyrHx CKa3Kax y .HrH Hora KOCTHHaH HJIH rJIHHHHaH,
HO HHKor,n;a He xpOMaH. rJIHHHHaH Hora, rrO-BH,n;HMOMY, HMe-
eT CaMYIO ,n;aBHIOIO HCTOpHIO H CBH3aHa B TOM "tIHCJIe C o,n;HHa-
KOBbIM y ,n;peBHHX CJIaBHH H yrpoB H3bI"tIeCKHM KYJIbTOM Me,n;-
Be,n;H. B HeKOTopbIX CJIaBHHCKHX H ,n;peBHHX cpHHHoyropcKHX
MOrHJIbHHKaX Ha TeppHTopHH .HpOCJIaBCKOro IIoBoJImbH
Heo,n;HOKpaTHO Haxo,n;HJIH rJIHHHHble JIarrbI Me,n;Be,n;H, HeCOM-
HeHHO HMeBllIHe KaKoe-TO KYJIbTOBOe, rrOKa He,n;o KOHa H3-
BeCTHoe HaM 3Ha"tIeHHe. ,L(OJIbllIe ,n;pyrHx KYJIbT Me,n;Be,n;H CO-
XpaHHJICH y 06CKHX yrpoB - xaHTOB, Ha3bIBaBllIHX Me,n;Be,n;H
HHOCKa3aTeJIbHO: Hre HJIH HKe (CTapHK), a y CJIaBHH, KaK Ha-
rrOMHHaHHe 0 3a6bITOM KYJIbTe, OCTaJIaCb CKa3Ka 0 Me,n;Be,n;e
Ha «JIHrroBoH Hore» H .Hre - rJIHHHHOH Hore.
XaHTbI H MaHCH IlIKypbI Me,n;Be,n;eH y6HTbIX Ha OXOTe H
mHBOTHbIX, rrpHHOCHMbIX B mepTBY H,n;OJIaM, COXpaHHJIH B
CrreHaJIbHbIX H36YllIKax «Ha KYPbHX HO:>KKax», HJIH pa3Be-

115
i
IlIHBa.rrH rr06J1H30CTH OT KarrHa. Y mKypbI 06H3aTeJlbHO
COXpaHHJlH rOJlOBY H rrepeHHe HorH. BOT KaK orrHCbIBa.rr Ta-
KHe MeCTa rpHropHH HOBHKHH: «.. .IIpH rJlaBHbIX me KY-
MHpax BceramHe cTpamH H mpebI rrO"tIHTaIOTCH. "tJHH HX
OJlmHOCTH Bcera 6bITb CJlymHTeJleM JlmH. "tJTO 6J1Hme Ta-
TapcKHx mHJlH rrpe6bIBaIOT... Ha cKBepHbIe CBOH mepTBbI
yrroTpe6J1HIOT JlOmeH. A B a.rrbHHX rrYCTbIHHbIX CeJleHH-
HX OJleHeH HaHrra"tIe rrpHHOCHT Ha mepTBbI... CKOpO yapH-
lOT HomOM B cepe, HcrryaH KpOBb B 6J1IOO, KporrHT celO
Mep30cTblO H mHJlHe CBOH, HOJl8.M me YCTa rroMa3YIOT, B
YKpameHHe me H BceramHe BocrrOMHHaHHe Komy C rJlaBOIO
H HorH ame o KOJleH 3aeHHo C KomelO Ha peBax 3aBemYT
H KYMHpHelO... CHM "tIaCTbIM rrpHHomeHHeM B rrpeMHorylO
u u
BHHHma HHeTY H KpaHHee pa30peHHe, HKO "tI H meH CBO-
HX rrpoalOT 3aHMoaBaM CBOHM B pa60TY» .
KapTHHY HOBHKHH HapHCOBaJl Brre"tIaTJlHIOYIO, H
HeT rrpH"tIHH COMHeBaTbCH B ero 06'beKTHBHoCTH. "tJepe-
rrOB H KOCTHHbIX Hor BOKpyr H36ymKH Ha KypbHX Hom-
Kax HaKarrJlHBaJlOCb rrpeOCTaTO"tIHO H He HMeeT 60JlbmO-
ro 3Ha"tIeHHH, Koro MOrJlH rrpHHHTb 3a 6a6Y-B-Hre - ca-
Moro HOJla HJlH maMaHa, ero oxpaHHIOero. HeJlb3H He
06paTHTb BHHMaHHH Ha TparH"tIeCKYIO CBH3b Memy mep-
TBorrpHHomeHHeM KYMHPy H OTa"tIeH B HeBOJlIO meHbI H
eTeH mepTBYIOero.
B CKa3Ke «KpOme"tIKa-XaBpOme"tIKa» MbI HaXOHM OTro-
JIOCOK HMeHHO 3Toro pHTya.rra: JlI06HMYlO KOPOBY rrpHHOCHT
B mepTBY BebMe-Ma"tIexe. Coo6eHHe HOBHKoro 0 rrpH-
HeceHHH B mepTBY HOJlY, KOToporo MbI YCJlOBHO HMeHyeM
6a6a -B- Hre, JlOmaeH O"tIeHb BamHO JlH Hamero HCCJleOBa-
HHH. A.A. IIoTe6HH, C"tIHTaBmHH Hry, Mopy H MopeHY, OJlH-

i
116
eTBopHIOHX B CJIaBHHCKOH MHtPOJIOrHH 3HMY H CMepTh
TOm,l];eCTBeHHhIMH Mem,l];Y C060H, HaXO,l];HJI HX HeCOMHeHHYIO
CBH3h B CKa3KaX C JIOWa,l];hlO. ITo ero MHeHHIO, CKa30qHaH
cpopMYJIa «ynacTH K06hIJIKY» 03HaqaeT ,l];06hITh B 3aMyme-
CTBO ,l];Oqh Ba6hI-HrH. OH npHBO,l];HT MHomeCTBO BapHaHTOB
CKa30K, YKa3hIBalOHX Ha pO,l];CTBO JIOWa,l];H H HrH. B O,l];-
HHX Hra caMa 06paaeTCH B JIOWa,l];h, B ,l];pyrHx - 06paa-
eT B K06hIJIH CBOHX ,l];OqepeH. CBH,l];eTeJIhCTBO HOBHKoro
o npHHeceHHH JIOIlIeH B mepTBY H HaJIHqHH BOKpyr H36y-
weK Ha KyphHX HomKax 60JIhWOrO KOJIHqeCTBa JIOWa,l];H-
HhIX WKYP C rOJIOBaMH H nepe,l];HHMH HoraMH npOJIHBaeT
u
CBeT Ha npOHCxom,l];eHHe 3TOH CBH3H.
,D:onYCKaH, qTO Hra MOrJIa npe,l];CTaBJIHTh H3 ce6H H,l];OJIa
nOJIyxpHCTHaHCKOH-nOJIYH3hIqeCKOH CBHTOH IIapaCKeBhI
IIHTHHhI, IToTe6HH nepeKH,l];hIBaeT MOCTHK CBOHX paccym-
,l];eHHH K HH,l];HHCKOH MHcpOJIOrHH H HaXO,l];HT, qTO Hra-Ko-
6hIJIHa - MaTh COJIHa. B MHtPe 0 6paKe 06paTHBwerOCH
mepe6OM BHBaCBaTa C nhITaBweHCH y6emaTh OT Hero no,l];
BH,l];OM K06hIJIHhI CapaHhlO rOBopHTCH, t{TO B pe3YJIhTaTe
6paKa y HHX pO,l];HJIHCh 6JIH3HehI: ArHH (orOHh) H HH,l];pa
(CBeTJIOe He60).
B nepenJIeTeHHH H Cxo,l];CTBe MHcpOJIOrHqeCKHX ClOmeTOB
ceBepa H IOra MomHO YCMoTpeTh KaK HX 06ee HH,l];oeBpo-
u
neHCKoe HaqaJIO, TaK H oHHaKOB:bIe 3aKoHoMepHocTH H
nYTH pa3BHTHH KY JIhTYPhI.
MhI yme OCTaHaBJIHBaJIHCh Ha TOM, nOqeMY meHHHa
Hra HaCJIe,l];yeT qHCTO MymcKoH npH3HaK xpaHHTeJIH
orHH - OHa YHaCJIe,l];OBaJIa ero OT HpaHCKoro IIpoMeTeH
aHMhI. (KCTaTH, no JIereH,l];e aHMY B KOHe ero mH3HH no-
6e,l];HJI TpeXrJIaBhIH ,l];paKOH, a TeJIO repOH paCqJIeHHJlH no-

117
i
rrOJIaM. OTMeTHM rrOCJIeHee 06CTOHTeJI:bCTBO - M:bI C HHM
e:m;e BCTpeTHMCH, KOra 6yeM rQBOpHT& 0 Hre - KOCTH-
HOH HOre.)
B HHHHCKOH MH<pOJIOrHH peBHeHpaHCKOMY MHMe CO-
OTBeTcTByeT ero aHaJIOr (MaMa) HMa, <pHrypa CJIOmHaH H
MpaqHaH. C:bIH CapaH:b1O H 60ra COJIHa BHBacBaTa -
HMa - 60r CMepTH, BJIa&IKa MepTB:bIX, nOBeJIHTeJI:b a H
nomHpaTeJI& TpynOB. 110 3THM npH3HaKaM OH 6JIH3KHH po-
CTBeHHHK HrH, mHByeH Ha rpaHHe mHBoro H MepTBoro
a pCTB.
110 MHorHM rrpH3HaKaM CXOH:bIH C HpaHCKHM MHMOH,
HHHHCKHH 60r HMa, nomHpaTeJI:b TpynoB, H306pamaJICH C
6:bIq:beH rOJIOBOH H OCTpbIMH 3y6aMH. 3a CBOH OrpOMH:bIe
pora HMa 6:bIJI yOCToeH THTYJIa .HMa-JIYHoporHH». IJ:ap:b
MepTB:bIX 5IMa H3 peBHeHHHHcKHX, Be,l);HHCKHX BpeMeH
H306pamaJICH O,l);eT:bIM B KpaCHoe nJIaT:be, BepXOM Ha 6:bIKe,
C opymHeM B BHe ,l);y6HHKH H neT JIH, B conpOBom,n;eHHH BYX
60JI:bllIHX rrCOB. rOJIOBY HMbI YBeHqHBaJIa THapa H3 qeJIOBe-
qeCKHX qepenOB.
qTo H rOBopHTb, 06JIHK y apH MepTB:bIX 6:bIJI ymacalO-
HH, XOTH npoHcxomeHHe OH HMeJI 60mecTBeHHoe H ame
MomHO B:bIpa3HT:bCH - 6JIeCT.H:m;ee.
B nypaHHqeCKOH JIereH,n;e HMa - C:bIH BHBacBaTa H Ca-
paHblO. Y HM:bI HMeJIC.H 6paT MHHa H cecTpa-6JIH3He HMH.
MaTb 51MbI nOKHHYJIa (a MomeT, H YMepJIa) CBoero cyrrpyra
BHBaCBaTa-COJIHe, He B:bI,l);epmaB ero OCJIerrHTeJI&HOrO
6JIeCKa H ,n;eTeH. BOCrrHT:bIBaJIa ero CJIymaHKa (HJIH TeH:b)
CaBapHa. Maqexa 06HmaJIa HMY, H TOT O,l);Ham,l);:bI rrO,l);HHJI
Ha Hee Hory (rrHYJI). 3a 3TO rro rrpOKJI.HTHIO CaBapHbI Hora y
HMbI ,n;OJImHa OTnaCTb. Ho BHBacBaT CM.HrqaeT rrpOKJI.HTHe:

i
118
Hora JlHllIb YCbIXaeT, JlHIlIHBIlIHCb MHCa H cyxomHJIHH, a C8.M
.HMa, H3BeCTHbIH CBoeH ,n;o6po,n;eTeJlblO, CTaHOBHTCH, no YKa-
3aHHIO BHBaCBaTa, «JlOKanaJlOH» - xpaHHTeJleM IOra H
apeM YMepllIHx npe,n;KOB*.
B 3TOM MHcpe MbI Haxo,n;HM noxomHH Ha yropcKHe nOBe-
pbH MOTHB: TeHb MaTepH He,n;o6pomeJlaTeJlbHO OTHOCHTCH
K nOKHHYTOMY MaTepblO CbIHY, "tITO Boo6e xapaKTepHO ,n;JlH
BepOBaHHH YPaJIbCKHX Hapo,n;OB 0 ,n;YllIe- ,n;BOHHHKe HJlH TeHH
nOKOHHHKa. OCTaeTCH JlHllIb rMaTb, B KaKOM HanpaBJleHHH
nYTellIeCTBOBaJIa JlereH,n;a 0 KOCTHHOH Hore: C IOra Ha ceBep
HJlH C ceBepa Ha lOr H KaK nonaJIa OHa B PYCCKHe H yropcKHe
CKa3KH 0 .Hre - KOCTHHOH Hore.
KOCTHHYIO Hory .HrH IIponn C"tIHTaeT npH3HaKOM ee CBH-
3H C 3arpo6HbIM MHpOM. Ho, KaK OH caM 3aMe"tlaeT, ,n;PyrHx
npH3HaKOB, YKa3bIBalOHx Ha TO, "tITO .Hra-Tpyn, B PYCCKHX
CKa3Kax HeT.IIM me BbICKa3aHO npe,n;nOJlOmeHHe, "tITO npo-
Hcxom,n;eHHe nOHHTHH Ba6a-.Hra CBH3aHO C 06pH,n;OM HHH-
HaHH, cyecTBoBaBIlIHM B ,n;peBHOCTH y MHorHx Hapo,n;OB.
PHTyaJl HHHHaHH (o6pe3aHHH) B 3noxy nepBo6bITHO-o6-
HHHoro CTpOH COBepllIaJICH Ha,n; no,n;pOCTKaMH npH ,n;OCTH-
meHHH HMH 3peJlOCTH, n03me 06pH,n; 06pe3aHHH HOBopom-
,n;eHHbIx nOHBHJlCH y ceMHTOB H COXpaHHJlCH y Hy,n;eeB no
HaCTOHee BpeMH.
lly,n;aH3M KaK peJlHrHH Ha"tlaJI cpOpMHpOBaTbCH B ,L(Bype-
"tIbe, Ha TeppHTopHH COBpeMeHHoro IIpaHa. OTCIO,n;a onHca-
HHH BaBHJlOHCKOro nepHo,n;a Hy,n;eeB H 3aHMCTBOBaHHH H3
HH,n;O-Hp8.HCKOH MHq>DJlOrHH B BH6J1HH. IIpH meJIaHHH B BH6-
JlHH HeTpy,n;HO OTbICKaTb ClOmeT, BO MHorOM cxomHH C YCbI-
* Fpunqep II A. MHcpbI HapooB MHpa. M.: C.S, 1980. T. 2. C. 682.

_119
i
xaHHeM HOrH .HMbI: «llaKoBY rrpHCHHJIOCb, qTO OH 60peTCH C
6oroM .HxBe (HeKOTOpbIe rrOJIaraIOT, qTO rrepBOHaqaJIbHaH
cpOpMa HMeHH .HxBe HJIH .HrBe 6bIJIa .Hry). OH 60pOJICH H30
BCeX CHJI... Bor BbI,n;epmHBaJI HaTHCK llaKoBa,n;o paCCBeTa H,
YB,n;eB, qTO O,n;OJIeTb ero He MomeT, KOCHYJICH mHJIbI ero 6e,n;-
pa, KOTopaH HeMe,n;JIeHHO 3aCOXJIa. IIpOCHYBIlIHCb YTPOM,
llaKOB o6HapymHJI, qTO xpOMaeT Ha O,n;HY Hory».
CXO,n;CTBO HH,n;HHCKOH H ,n;peBHeeBpeHCKOH JIereH,n; HaJIH-
O: .HMa rro,n;HHJI Hory Ha CBOIO 60meCTBeHHYlO Maqexy, H
Hora OTCOXJIa. llaKoB 60pOJICH C 60rOM .Hry, H y Hero BbI-
COXJIa mHJIa HorH.
Bor Hy,n;eeB OTJIHqaJICH CypOBOCTblO H meCTOKOCTblO.
COrJIaCHO BH6JIHH, .HrBe OqeHb HaCTOHqHBO Tpe6yeT, qTO-
6bI ero rrOqHTaTeJIH 6bIJIH o6pe3aHbI. He MeHee HaCTOHqHBa
rrpeTeH3HH .HrBe, qTo6bI Bce rrepBeHbI 113paHJIH 6bIJIH rro-
CBHeHbI eMY: «O,n;Ham,n;bI Bor, meJIaH y6e,n;HTbcH B rrpe-
,n;aHHOCTH ABpaaMa, pellIHJI rro,n;BepHYTb ero HcrrbITaHHIO:
BeJIeJI eMY rrpHHeCTH B mepTBY H Cmeqb CBoero JII06HMOro
CbIHa llcaaKa. CbIH 6bIJI e,n;HHcTBeHHoH Ha,n;em,n;oH ABpaa-
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CbIH Hec ,n;pOBa, OTe B O,n;HOH pYKe ,n;epmaJI ropHYIO JIyqH-
HY, a B ,n;pyroH - OCTpbIH Hom. IIo ,n;opore llcaaK CrrpOCHJI:
"OTe MOH... BOT orOHb H ,n;pOBa, r,n;e me arHe ,n;JIH Bceco-
JKJKeHHH?" ABpaaM OTBeTHJI: "Bor YCMOTPHT ce6e arHa
,n;JIH BcecommeHHH, CbIH MOH". Ha BepllIHHe ropbI ABpaaM
IIOCTpOHJI H3 KaMHeH mepTBeHHHK, CBH3aJI rrOTpHceHHoro
llcaaKa H YJIOmHJI ero Ha KaMHHX rrOBepx ,n;POB. 3aTeM OH
3aHec Hom Ha,zI; CbIHOM, HO Bor qepe3 aHreJIa OCTaHOBHJI ero
PYKY H 6JIarOCJIOBHJI 3a TO, qTO, rrOKopHbIH BeJIeHHIO Bora,

i
120
OH rOTOB 6hIJI npHHeCTH B mepTBY CBOerO eHHCTBeHHOrO
ChIHa. B 3TO BpeMH 3a6JIYHBllIHHCH 6apaH 3anYTaJICH PO-
raMH B TepHHHX H ABpaaM npHHeC ero B mepTBY».
B 3TOH rJIaBe BH6JIHH MhI HMeeM KOHKpeTHoe onHcaHHe
pHTY8.JIa H3hIt.leCKOrO mepTBonpHHOllIeHHH, npH KOTOP.OM
H3Hat.laJIhHO mepTBOH H36HpaJICH t.leJIOBeK H JIHllIb nOTOM
ero 3aMeHHJIH Ha mHBOTHoe.
BePOHTHo,3T06H6JIeHCKOenpeaHHenOCJIymHJIOOCHOBOH
JIH CKa3KH CecTpHa A1reHYllIKa H 6paTe HBaHYllIKa».
B HeH K03JIeHOt.leK, KOToporo XOTHT 3ape3aTb B yro BebMe-
Hre, npHt.lHTaeT: KOCTpbI ropHT rOplOt.lne, KOTJIhI KHnHT KH-
nyqHe, HomH TOt.laT 6YJIaTHbIe, XOTHT MeHH 3ape3aTH».
.H3hIt.leCKOe mepTBonpHHOllIeHHe Bcera OMep3HTeJIbHO
H meCTOKO, He3aBHCHMO OT Toro, KTO ero HCnOJIHHeT: peB-
HHe HyeH, CJIaBHHe HJIH yrpbI.
I10JIaraIOT, t.lTO Tpe60BaHHe BhIKyna mepTBOH nepBeH-
eB, nOCBHaeMbIX Bory, 03Hat.laeT, t.lTO Kora-TO B peB-
u
HOCTH 3TH nepBeHbI eHCTBHTeJIbHO npHHOCHJIHCh B mep-
TBY Bory - y6HBaJIHCb.
B 1902 roy Ha 3eMJIe IIaJIeCTHHbI paCKOnaJIH 6H6JIeH-
CKHH ropo re3ep. B OHOM MeCTe B 6paTcKoH MOrHJIe BOH-
HOB HallIJIH CKeJIeT eBYlliKH, y KOTOpOH TeJIO HHme pe6ep
6bIJIO OTCet.leHO H ame CJIeOB Ta30BbIX KOCTeH Hor He 06-
HapymeHO. B pyroM MeCTe, no cpYHaMeHToM OHOH H3
CTeH, o6Hapy.mHJIH CKeJIeTbI BYX My.mt.lHH. OKOJIO HX Hor
CTOHJIH KYBllIHHbI, BOKpyr 6bIJIa pa36pocaHa nocya. OKO-
u
JIO OCTaHKOB 3THX TpynoB JIe.maJI paCt.lJIeHeHH:bIH CKeJIeT
IOHOlliH. TeJIo ero TaKme 6bIJIO OTCet.leHO HHme pe6ep: HHm-
HHH t.laCTb H HorH OTCYTCTBOBaJIH. IIoxo.me, t.lTO HorH npH-
HOCHJIHC:b Ha aJITapb Bora.

_121
t
B O,n;HOH H3 new;ep XaHaaHa HallIJIH MHOrOqHCJIeHHhIe
,n;eTCKHe TpynhI. OHH 6hIJIH 3aXOPQHeHhI B KYBllIHHaX. BceM
3THM ,n;eT.RM HCnOJIHHJIOCh He 60JIee 8 ,n;HeH. HH y o,n;Horo H3
HHX Ha TeJIe He o6HapymHJIH CJIe,n;OB TpaBMhI HJIH HaCHJIh-
CTBeHHOH CMepTH. TOJIhKO Ha OCTaHKax ,n;BYX MJIa,n;eHeB
6hIJIH 3aMeqeHhI CJIe,n;hI o6yrJIHBaHH.R.
HaBepHoe, HX ee mHBhIMH BTHCHYJIH B KYBllIHHhI, B
60JIhllIHHCTBe CJIyqaeB rOJIOBaMH BHH3. CKopee Bcero, 3TO
6hIJIH nepBeH:bI, KOTOphIX npHHeCJIH B mepTBY HrBe.
meCTOKOCTh H KpOBoma,n;HOCTb HrBe oco6eHHO BbIcTynH-
U u
JIH Ha nepBhIH nJIaH B 3noxy, Kor,n;a KOqeBhIe eBpeHCKHe nJIe-
MeHa Haq8.JIH HacTynJIeHHe Ha 3eMJIe,n;eJIhqeCKHe 06JIaCTH
XaHaaHa. OBJIa,n;eB CTpaHOH, H3paHJIhTHHe npo,n;OJIm8.JIH He-
BepOHTHoe no mecToKocTH H36HeHHe MHpHhIX mHTeJIeH. 3pe-
JIHa MHOrOtIHCJIeHHhIX mepTB, BH,n;HMO, ,n;OCTaBJIHJIH y,n;o-
BOJIhCTBHe HrBe, KOTOphIH no 3TOH qaCTH npeB3011IeJI .Baa-
JIa, npHHHMaBllIero B mepTBY ,n;eTeH H3paHJIH.
B03HHKaeT 3aKOHHhIH Bonpoc: KaKoe OTHOllIeHHe HMeeT
HrBe K tPOpMHpOBaHH!O 06pa3a HallIeH ceBepHOH Ba6hI-
firH? CaMoe Henocpe,n;CTBeHHoe. 06pa3 .HrH, BepoHTHo, qa-
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u
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CypOBhIH Hy,n;eHcKHH 60r xa3ap .HxBe Tpe6oB8JI qaCThIX
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HbIX C Xa3apaMH CJIaBHH. BhIHym,n;eHHhIe KOHTaKTbI H coce,n;-
CTBO PYCH C XaaapHeH, HcnOBe,n;OBaBllIeH Hy,n;a.H3M, a BnOCJIe,n;-
CTBHH 6H6JIeHCKHe npe,n;aHHH, He MOrJIH He H8JIO.mHTb OTne-
qaTKa Ha YCTHoe Hapo,n;Hoe TBOpqeCTBO PYCCOB B BH,n;e CKa30K
o Hre - KOCTHHOH Hore. BnpOqeM, He TOJI:bKO Ha PYCCKoe.

i
122
B OCTH:U;KOH 6bIJIHHe 0 60raTbIpHX ropoa 8Mepa yrro-
MHHaeTCH 60raTbIpb Hr:
If CTpeJI BopeH He CTpamaCb,
Ha MeCTe paHCKOM KpaCOBaJICH
TOT ropo.n;oB apbHxcKHX KHH3b.
,n:aJIeKO CJIaBa mJIa 0 CHJIe
BoraTbIpeH ero B 60HX,
1f3 nHTepbIx HX caMbIM MaJIbIM
BbIJI Ha Horax OJIeHbHX Hr.
(ITo 3anHCH C.K.ITaTKaHOBa, y Hra, HJIH Mara, 6bIJIH 6pa-
TbH: XycaJIbITeM, pa3po6HBIlIHH oJIro CYllieHoe KOHCKoe
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_123
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i
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_127
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i
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i
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Be'tlepe CKa3KH paccKa3bIBaJI. A 'tITO TaM HaIIHCaJIa OJIbra?

i
138
C OJIbrOH KOIliMaHOBOH (TarrHT), HaqHHalOeH MaHCHH-
CKOH rrHCaTeJIbHHeH, H rr03HaKOMHJICH Ha JIHTepaTypHOM
CeMHHape ,n;JIH MOJIO,n;bIX JIHTepaTOpOB. 51 He yrrYCTHJI CJIY-
qaH rrpOBepHTb CBOH coo6pameHHH rro rrOBO,n;y 30JIOTOH
Ba6bI H rro,n;eJIHJICH C HeH HHcpopMaHeH. OJIbra TeprreJIHBO
BbICJIYllIaJIa MOH ,n;JIHHHeHIlIHe paccym,n;eHHH rro rrOBO,n;y PO-
,n;OCJIOBHOH HrH H, BorrpeKH MOHM omH,n;aHHHM, rrOqTH HH B
qeM He B03pa3HJIa.
- 51 H3yqaJIa 3TY TeMY rro cpOJIbKJIOPy KOH,n;HHCKHX MaH-
CH, - CKa3aJIa TarrHT. - lIo ,n;aHHbIM JIereH,n; H rrpe,n;aHHH,
30JIOTaH 60rHHH TaHTCH B rJIYXHX MeCTax y KOH,n;bI. Y Hee
TPH xpaHHTeJIH: BO,n;HHOH, 3MeH H JIeCHOH MymHK - KOM-
rrOJIeH. XOqy rrOHCKaTb C HHM BCTpeqH B TaHre. lIo-MaHcHH-
CKH «KOM» HJIH «XYM» - MymqHHa; KOMrrOJIeH HJIH XYMrro-
JIeH - JIeCHOH qeJIOBeK. YBepHIOT, qTO OH peaJIbHO cye-
cTByeT, H B 3TOM He COMHeBalOCb H MeqTalO 0 BCTpeqe.. .
BCrrOMHHJICH C06PHH, rrporraBllIaH co6aKa, ero HerrOHHT-
Hoe BOJIHeHHe H OTKa3 OT rrOHCKOB 30JIOTOH Ba6bI: «TaHra
3HaK ,n;aeT». Ee rrpHrrOMHHJIOCb: «B Ke,n;pOBbIX JIecax JIH-
BaHa mHJI CTpallIHbIH XYM6a6a». MomeT, B JIecax YpaJIa?
PaCIIpoaBIlIHCb co cTy,n;eHTaMH H rrOmeJIaB HM ycrrexa,
CPOqHO pa3bICKHBalO « YpaJIbCKHH CJIe,n;orrbIT» 3a 1986 ro,n;
C rry6JIHKaHeH OJIbrH TarrHT H qHTalO: «MaHcH POMaH
HKOBJIeBHq -qeK8.HOB rrOMHHT paCCKa3 OTa. "BbIJIO 3TO rrpH-
MepHO B 1939 ro,n;y, MbI Tor,n;a Ha I1HraTbe mHJIH. E,n;eT OTe
Ha MaJIeHbKOH JIo,n;Ke-,n;oJI6JIeHKe H B,n;pyr CJIbIIlIHT KPHK,
ropTaHHbIH, CHJIbHbIH. HHKTO TaR H3 H3BeCTHbIX eMY 3Be-
peH - a OTe OXOTHHK, BbIpOC B TaHre - He peBeT H He KPH-
qHT. lIoTOM BH,n;HT: H3 6epe3HHKa B rroHMe peqKH BbIllIeJI
rpoMHH MymHK H rrOllIeJI rro 6epery. OTe Ha JIo,n;Ke e,n;eT,

139
i
MymHK rro 6epery H,n;eT... TaK H rrpomeJI C HHM MeTpOB ,n;BM-
aTb. II BTopaH BCTpeqa 6bIJIa y. CeMeHa "IJeKaHoBa C KOM-
rrOJIeHOM B 1952 ro,n;y. 06 3TOM 3HaJIa BCH ,n;epeBHH, H ceH-
qac ee rro,n;p06HO rrOMHHT MaHCH r .A. TaHJIaKoB. "IJ T06bI co-
KpaTHTb rrYTb, MeCTHble mHTeJIH Koe-r,n;e Ha peqKe Tarr
rrOJIb30BaJIHCb rrepeTaCKaMH: rrepeTaaT JIO,n;KY C Mblca Ha
MbIC H cpemYT rrHTb, a TO H Bce ,n;eCHTb KHJIOMeTpOB. Ha o,n;-
HOM H3 rrepe'raCKOB BCTpeTHJICH CeMeHY HKOBJIeBHqy KOM-
rrOJIeH. Ha 3TOT pa3 OH pellIHJI rrOHrpaTb C qeJIOBeKOM HJIH
rroHMaTb ero. CeMeH, KaK YBH,n;eJI, rro,n; CBaJIeHHOe ,n;epeBO
3aJIe3, CTBOJI ,n;epeBa Ha TOJICTbIX CyqbHX ,n;epmaJICH. KOM-
rrOJIeH C O,n;HOH CTOpOHbI XOTeJI BbITaHTb CeMeHa - TOT
6bICTpO yrrOJI3 Ha ,n;pyry1O CTOPOHY. ,IJ:epeBo 60JIb1lIOe, cyq-
KOBaToe, HO KOMrrOJIeH He 06Xo,n;HJI, a JIerKO rreperrpblrHBaJI
H Bce BpeMH rrbITaJICH rroHMaTb qeJIOBeKa. TaK rrpo,n;oJIma-
JIOCb HeCKOJIbKO MHHYT. IIoToM KOMrrOJIeH ymeJI".
.. .JIeT BoceMb,n;ecHT Ha38.,l1;, paccKa3bIBa1OT cTapHKH, B03-
JIe ,n;epeBHH KeJIbCHHO OXOTHHKH HaTKHYJIHCb Ha orpoMHo-
ro MymHKa; MHoro pa3 CTpeJIHJIH, CMOrJIH y6HTb. 3axopo-
HHJIH Ha TOM me MeCTe. II TaKHe CKa3KH rrpo Hero XO,n;HT -
6y,n;TO JI06 Y Hero 30JIOTOH... OXOTHHKOB, B03MomHO, OllIe-
JIOMHJI He pOCT, a 06JIHqbe cyecTBa. ,IJ:a H C KaKOH CTaTH
HM CTpeJIHTb B qeJIOBeKa? BOT H H ,n;YMa1O: He pblmHM JIH
BOJIOCOM 6bIJIO rrOKpbITO cyecTBO? (rOBOpHM me MbI: 30-
JIOTaH Koca, 30JIOTaH rrllIeHHa. - A. 3.)... MecTHbIe mHTe-
JIH YBepH1OT, qTO B Tex MeCTax c06aKH Bcer,n;a BeYT ce6H
HecrroKoHHo, ,n;ame TPYCJIHBO. A c06aKH - He KOMHaTHbIe
60JIOHKH, OXOTHHKH rro KpyrrHOMY 3Bep1O, HM JIH 60HTbCH,
CKameM, Me,n;Be,n;H? MomeT, B TOM 60py rrpOAOJIma1OT mHTb
H XOAHTb APyrHe, rro,n;06Hble y6HTOMY, cyecTBa?.»

i
140
IIocJlecJlOBHe K HHTepeCHOH CTaTbe OJlbrH TanHT HanH-
u u
caJl CTapmHH HaytlHblH COTpY,l);HHK HHCTHTYTa 3BOJlIOHOH-
HOH MopcpOJlOrHH H 3KOJlOrHH :>KHBOTHhIX AH CCCP, tlJleH
YtleHOrO COBeTa rocyapcTBeHHoro ,n:apBHHCKoro MY3eH
CepreH KJlYMOB. BhlnHCKY H3 ero peeH3HH H 3eCh BhlHym-
eH npHBeCTH, IIOCKOJIbKY OHa HetlaHHHO 3aeBaeT H Moe
HCCJleOBaHHe 0 Hre: «Bonpoc 0 CYIIJ;eCTBOBaHHH Ha 06IIIHP-
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JlYMHcpHtleCKOrO CYIIJ;eCTBa, KOTopoe B pa3HbIX paHoHax
3eMJlH Ha3hlBalOT no-pa3HOMY - «CHejKHbIH tleJlOBeK»,
«HeTH», «,l);HKHH tleJlOBeK», «aJIMac», «MY JleHa», «6Hr-
<PYT», «caCKBatl», «TYHry», «KOMnOJleH» H T.,l);. - CTaJI OCO-
6eHHO aKTHBHO o6cymaTbcH C HatlaJIa nHTHeCHThIX rOOB.
BhlCKa3blBaHHH 0 HeM CBOHJlHCb B o6eM K BYM npoTH-
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tleHHhle aHHble npeCTaBJlSIIOT nepeneB peBHHx JlereH,l);,
nepeaBaeMhlx H3 nOKOJleHHH B nOKOJleHHe; tlTO BceMH 3TH-
MH CKa3KaMH OJlmHhl 3aHHMaTbCSI He YtleHhle 6HOJlOrH, a
<pOJlhKJlOpHCThl; tlTO «CHemHbIH tleJlOBeK» - TaKoH me Bbl-
MblllIJleHHhIH 06pa3, KaK Ba6a-Hra, JlemHH...
OnTHMHCTbl He COrJlamaJIHCb C noo6HhlM OTpHaHHeM
cpaKTOB, aneJlJlHpOBaJlH K CJlenKaM HJlH qJOTorpacpHHM CJIe-
OB Hor « CHemHoro tleJlOBeKa» , OCTaBJleHHblM Ha npOTSIme-
HHH HeCKOJIbKHX KHJlOMeTpOB, npe'bHBJlHJlH KHHOJleHTY C
H306pameHHeM 6HrCPYTa - 60JlbllIeHOra - B CeBepHOH
AMepHKe. CneHaJlbHOH KOMHCCHeH npH AKaeMHH HaYK
CCCP no H3ytleHH1O Bonpoca 0 «CHemHOM tleJIOBeKe» B
1958-1959 roax 6blJlH ony6J1HKoBalibl tleTbIpe BhlnYCKa
MaTepHaJIOB no STOH np06J1eMe. M3BecTHbIH aMepHKaHcKHH
300JIOr AHBeH CSHepcoH B npeHCJIOBHH K cBoeH 60JIbllIOH

141
i
MOHorpa<pHH, BhIme,n;meH B 1961 ro,n;y, BhICOKO OeHHJI pa-
60TY COBeTCKHX ytleHhIX: «,n;eHTeJlhHOCTh COBeTCKHX ytle-
u
HhIX npOJlHJla HOBhIH CBeT Ha BeCh Bonpoc H no,n;HHJla ero B
u u
eJlOM Ha TaKOH BhICOKHH ypOBeHh, tlTO 3ana,n;HhIe HaytlHhIe
KpyrH BhIHym,n;eHhI 6hIJlH nOtlTH KapHH8.JIhHhIM o6pa30M
H3MeHHTh CBOIO n03HHIO no OTHomeHHIO K HeMY... »
KOMnOJleH-HeTH HMeeT TaKoe me npaBO Ha npH3HaHHe
CBoero cyecTBoBaHHH, KaK Ba6a-Hra H JlemHH - 3TO YT-
Bepm,n;eHHe CKenTHKOB, noxome, HMeeT rJly6oKHH, o6paT-
HhIH nepBOHatlaJlhHOMY, CMbICJI. H3 BhImeH3J10meHHhIX
MaTepHaJlOB CJle,n;yeT, tlTO Ba6a-Hra - cyecTBo He a6co-
JlIOTHO BhIMhImJleHHoe. JIecHoH MymHK KOMnOJleH, OH me
JlemHH, HMeeT 3HatlHTeJlhHO 60Jlhme OCHOBaHHH npeTeH,n;o-
BaTh Ha peaJlhHOCTh CBoero cyecTBOBaHHH.
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JlemaK!», - 03HatlalOaH: JlemHH Te6H 3a6epH. 8Ta noro-
BopKa MOrJla 6bI npe,n;cTaBJlHTh HHTepec, nOmaJlYH, pa3Be
u
tlTO ,n;JlH CneH8.JIHCTOB no MeCTHhIM rOBopaM, He COtleTaH-
CH OHa ee C O,n;HHM MeCTHhIM nOHHTHeM: «MaHtlHT!» CJlO-
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« MaHK» , a CKopee Bcero OT CJlOB « MaHTh», «3aMaHTh». ECJlH
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u
Tax ,n;ame OCTpOB «MaHtlHhIH», XOTH HHKaKHM MaHKOM TaM
HHKor,n;a H He naxJlo.
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CH 3a pa3'bHCHeHHHMH K CTapOmHJlKe Tex KpaeB, HeyroMoH-
HOM 6a6yce Maphe HBaHoBHe Pa36oHHHKOBOH. OTBeTHJla
OHa He cpa3Y H 6e3 60JlhmOH OXOTbI: «B 3THX MeCTax JlemaK

i
142
MaHtlHT. I1YT, 3HatlHT, 3HMOH KOHH no 3HMHHKY, KaK O
OCTpOBa OHYT - 3axpanHT, 3a6hIOTCH, BCTaHYT HJlH, Ha-
060POT, nOHeCYT H B03 onpOKHHYT. BHJlHCh-6HJlHCh HMru;H-
KH a H nepeMeHHJlH opory. YmHa tlTO 3BepOBhIe JlaHKH
YIlIJlhIe, a H TO B TOT ypMaH He HYT - llIepCTh hI6oM H K
HoraM mMYTCH. CTapHKH-TY3eMhI CKa3hIBaIOT: JleillaK TaM
MaHtlHT » .
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CH B HeBepHH H tlYTh 6hIJlO He 3a6hIJI C roaMH. CTaThH OJlh-
rH TanHT CHOBa MHe 0 HHX HanOMHHJla H rrOBHHY Jla K HOBO-
MY nOHCKY.
BepCTa n.HTHaTaJI
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KYT, HHKTO He MomeT HaCTHrHYTb HX,
a XO.n;HT HarH, a mHBYT co 3BepbMH,
a TeJIa HX 06POCJIH BOJIOCaMH, TOKMO
rJIaCOM KpHqaT.
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rrOmeJlTeBIlIHX <pOJIHaHTOB H HOBeHIlIHX H3aHHH, crroco6-
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B 06J1aCTHOH ra3eTe rrOOtlepeHO BbIcTynHJlH YtleHbIH,
eHCTBHTeJlbHhIH tlJleH reorpa<pHtleCKoro 06ru;eCTBa H rrpo-

_143
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CTOH OXOTHHK H3 Ha.n;bIMa. YqeHblH KaTerOpHqeCKH HaCTa-
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MomeT 6blTb, nOTOMY qTO MeCTHoe HaCeJleHHe H OXOTHHRH
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« MHe .n;OBeJlOCb OKOJlO nHTH JleT mHTb B O.n;HOM H3 ceBepo-
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THoe .n;oceJle cyecTBO. Ho TaK JlH ym He06HTaeMa 3Ta Tep-
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Roe pacrrpOCTpaHeHHoe cyecTBo OCTaBHJlO CBOH CJIe.n; B

i
144
onHcaHHHX PYCCKHX 3eMJlenpOXOeB JlHIIIb O'tleHb peKH-
MH H BeCbMa COMHHTeJlbHbIMH cpaKTaMH, a Y MeCTHoro Ha-
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OM B HaIIIH HH OBOJlbHO 'tIaCTbI. PbI600xpaHa H
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3a6HpalOTCH B caMbIe TpYHoocTynHbIe MeCTa. HCIIOJlb3YH
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_149
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_151
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i
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163
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165
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HMeHeM AcpaHaCHH MHXaHJIOBHtIa IIYIlIKHHa (npaBHJIbHO
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eT, TlOpbMa, CH6HPb, KJI06YK HJIb KaH,n;aJIbI. A TaM B rJIY-
IlIH rOJIo,n;Ha CMepTb HJIb neTJIH. 3HaTHeHllIHe Mem HaMH
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CKOH CCbIJIKe. IIepBble CCbIJIbHble H3 3HaTH: B IIeJIbIM co-
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oTa apH MHXaHJIa (f>e,n;opOBHtIa (H3 HHX BaCHJIHH YMep B
TeMHHe B 1601 ro,n;y, BepOHTHO, HaCHJIbCTBeHHoH CMep-
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,n;o CMepTH CBoeH COCTOHJI B BamHblX ,n;OJImHOcTHx). BCJIe,n;
3a 60HpaMH POMaHoBbIMH, qepKaccKHMH, CHKHMH H ,n;py-
rHMH 6bIJIH COCJIaHbI B CH6Hpb OCTacpHH MHXaHJIOBHtI C
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CKe, BTOpOH B HKYTCKe. B 1603 ro,n;y Ha 3aMeHY nOtIHBllIe-
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6paTa HHKHTY MHXaHJIOBHtIa, KOTOpbIH CJIymHJI TaM ,n;o
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_179
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pHca OTnpaBHJIHCb B He06mHTYIO H HeBe,r(OMYIO CH6Hpb co
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i
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181
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qax. H BMeCTe nOnJIbIJIH Ha nOHH30BbH. EBa Kopa6JIHKH
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ro 6epera nOTepneJIH meCTOKOe KpYllIeHHe: nOTepHJIH nHTb
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mHBbIX, ,l);OraaJIHCb B03BpaTHTbCH Ha3a K I1aHTyeBY ro-
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TO OHH TOID me 3HMOID OCTHrHYT MaHra3eH, a eCJIH caMO-
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I1aHTyeBe napYCOB H HKopeH H3 To6oJIbCKa.
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i
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_183
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o Ha3HaqeHHH B MaHra3elO BOeBOaMH KHH3H BaCHJIHH Mo-
CaJIbCKOrO H CaBJIYKa IIYllIKHHa.Ha CMeHY KHH3H MHpOHa
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i
184
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cero npHXOHJlH K HHM B MaHra3elO H EHHcelO BbIMHtlH, ny-
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185
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TellIeCTBHH aKaeMHKa <l>aJlba» (1824), B IIepBoH '1aCTH
KOTOpbIX OIIHcaHO «IIYTellIecTBHe OT CaHKT- IIeTep6ypra
o TOMcKa». B 3TH rObI IIYllIKHH BHHMaTeJlbHO '1HTaeT
g-H TOM «llcTopHH rocyapcTBa POCcHHcKoro» KapaM3H-
Ha, 6-H rJlaBa KOToporo BCH IIOCBHeHa 3aBoeBaHHIO CH-
6HpH. He MOrJlH MHHOBaTb ero BHHMaHHH H CTaTbH 3HaMe-
HHToro HCTopHorpacpa CH6HpH II.A. CJlOBOBa, IIy6J1HKO-
BaBllIero CBOH « IIHcbMa H3 CH6HpH » B « MOCKOBCKOM
TeJlerpacpe». B HHX OIIHCbIBaJIOCb ero IIYTellIeCTBHe OT To-
60JlbCKa o Bepe30Ba H OT llpKYTcKa o HKYTHH, eJlaJlCH
KpHTH'1eCKHH pa360p CTporaHoBcKoH CH6HpCKOH JleTOIIH-
CH, H3aHHoH B 1821 roy CIIaccKHM. OHHX 3THX KHHr
6bIJlO BIIOJlHe OCTaTO'1HO, '1T06bI HCIIOJlb30BaTb HaKOII-
JleHHbIe B HHX CBeeHHH He TOJIbKO JlH « JIYKOMOPbH » H
« CKa3KH 0 ape CaJITaHe » , HO H B eJlOM pHe PyrHx IIpO-
H3BeeHHH 0 CH6HpH.

_203
i
BepCTa BaTaH
110 MOpro, no OKHHHY
A JIemHT Ham IIYTb .n;aJIeK
BOCBOHCH Ha BOCTOK,
MHMO OCTpOBa BYHHa,
B apCTBO CJIaBHOrO CaJITaHa.
A.C. II YWKUH.
CKa3Ka 0 qape CaJlmaHe
ECJIH CTOJIHn;a n;apH CaJITaHa MOrJIa HaXOHTbCH Ha Hp-
TbIllIe, B HCKepe HJIH To6oJIbCKe, TO nJIbITb B Hee «BOCBOH-
CH» H Ha BOCTOK MomHO 6bIJIO eHHCTBeHHbIM H3BeCTHbIM
PYCCKHM MopexoaM OKeaHOM - CeBepHbIM JIeoBHTbIM,
HJIH, KaK ero ee HHora Ha3bIBaJIH, OKeaHOM-MopeM CTY-
eHbIM. IIoTBepmeHHe TOMY MbI HaHeM BO MHorHX JIe-
TonHCHX. B ApXaHreJIOrOpOCKOM JIeTOnHCn;e coepmHTCH
coo6eHHe: «B JIeTO 7005 (1497) KHH3b BeJIHKHH HBaH
BaCHJIbeBHq BceH PYCH nOCJlaJI nOCJIOB K aTCKOMY KOpO-
JIIO... H OHH npHIlIJIH Ha BHHY, OKOJIO CBOHCKoro KOpOJIeB-
CTBa H OKOJIO MYPMaHCKoro HOCY MopeM-aKHHHOM ».
XOHJIH «MopeM-aKHHHOM» H Ha BOCTOK. JIeToM
1601 roa npOMbIIlIJIeHHbIH qeJIOBeK nHHemaHHH JIeBKa
HBaHoB IIIy6HH, np03BHe IIJIexaH, C TOBapHaMH B qHC-
JIe 40 qeJIOBeK BbIllIeJI Ha qeTbIpex KOqaX H3 YCTbH CeBep-
HOH BHHbI «60JIbIlIHM MopeM-OKHHHOM» Ha BOCTOK... IIJIe-
xaH coo6aJI, qTO OKOJIO OCTpOBa BaHraq «PYCCKHe JIIOH
B MaHra3elO He XOHT, nOTOMY qTO OTOllIeJI ,n;aJIeKO B Mope,
,n;a H JIbbI BeJIHKHe CTOHT. A XOHT "lOropcKHM IIIapoM",
npH6pemHbIM K MaTepHKY BoaMH. Ha OCTpOBe Baiiraq
MeCTO nYCToe, JIIOeH HeT».

i
204
o IIJIaBaHHSlX IIO (cMOPIO-OKHSlHY» H OCTpOBaX Ha HeM
IIYllIKHH Mor CJIhIllIaTh OT CBoero JIHeHcKoro APyra Cl>eAopa
MaTlOllIKHHa. B aBrYcTe 1817 rOAa TOBapHI.IJ; IIYllIKHHa, IIy-
I.IJ;HHa H KIDXeJIb6eKepa MaTlOllIKHH YXOAHT B IIJIaBaHHe K ce-
BepHhIM 6eperaM Ha IlIJIIOIIe «KaMqaTKa». IIpoI.IJ;aSlcb C HHM,
IIYllIKHH AM MaTlOllIKHHY (c,lVIHHHhIe HaCTaBJIeHHSI, K8.K Bec-
TH mypH8JI IIyrellIecTBHSI» H AOJIrO H3"bHCHSlJI eMy HacTOSlI.IJ;yK>
MaHepy (c 3anHCOK», IIpeOCTeper8.SI OT H3JIHllIHerO pa360pa
BIIeqaTJIeHHH H COBeTYSI TOJIbKO He 3a6hIBaTh «Bcex IIo,n;p06-
HOCTeH mH3HH, Bcex 06CTOHTeJIhCTB BCTpeqH C pa3HhIMH IIJIe-
MeHaMH H XapaKTepHhIX oc06eHHOCTeH rrpHpOAhI » * .
MHHHaTHBa IIOCTaHOBKH BOIIpoca B IIpaBHTeJIhCTBe 06
OTIIpaBKe aKcIIeAHHH Ha IIOHCKH 3eMeJIh y ceBepHhIX 6epe-
rOB CH6HpH HCXOAHJIa OT KaIIHTaHa rOJIOBHHHa. Y Ka3aHHe
o CHapSlmeHHH aKCIIeAHHH AaJI caM ArreKcaH,ZJ;p I, a IIOAro.
TOBKa aKCIIeAHHH 6hIJIa IIOCTaBJIeHa Ha ypOBeHh BhIcmero
rOCYAapCTBeHHoro 3HaqeHHSI. B MOCKOBCKHX H IIeTep6ypr-
CKHX rOCTHHhIX ceBepHaSl aKCIIeAHHSI He CXOAHJIa C YCT. Bo
BTOpylO CBOIO aKCIIeAHHIO - KOJIhIMCKYIO MaTlOllIKHH Co-
BepmaJI HCCJIeAOBaHHSI COBMeCTHO C CI>.II. BpaHreJIeM. He-
AaBHHH BbIIIYCKHHK JIHeSl, KOJIJIemCKHH ceKpeTapb Cl>eAop
MaTlOllIKHH OKa3aJICSI IIOArOTOBJIeHHbIM B 06JIaCTH aCTpo-
HOMHH H reorpacpHH HaCTOJIhKO OCHOBaTeJIbHO, qTO eMY
6hIJIa OKa3aHa 'tIeCTh HCIIOJIHSlTh BroKHeHllIYIO B aKCIIeAHHH
06H3aHHOCTh llITypMaHa. KaqeCTBO IIpeIIoaBaHHSI B JIHee
BbIepmaJIO HCIIbITaHHe CeBepOM.
Pyry MaTIOIlIKHHY, O'tlapOBaHHOMY CeBepOM HaCTOJIb-
KO, 'tITO B JIH'tIHhIX aJIh60MaX 3HaKOMbIX BMeCTO CTHXOB OH
* II. AnnenKo8. MRTepHRJIbI. 1855. C. 165.

205
i
pHCOBaJI KapThI CH6HPCKHX 6eperOB H OqepTaHHH OCTpOBOB,
nOCBHTHJI IIymKHH CTpOKH: <c.. .lfJIh CHOBa ThI npOXO,lJ;HlIIh
TpOnHK 3HOHHhIH H BeqHhIH JIe,lJ; nOJIYHOm;HhIX MopeH? . . »
<I>e,lJ;Op MaTlOlIIKHH He 6hIJI e,n;HHCTBeHHhIM H3 6JIH3KHX
K IIYlIIKHHY, no6hIBaBlIIX B (c MOpHX nOJIYHOm;HhIX». CTap-
lIIHH 6paT JIHeHCKoro ,lJ;Pyra IIYlIIKHHa <cKIOXJIH», 6y,lJ;Y-
m;HH ,lJ;eKa6pHCT MHXaHJI KIOXeJIh6eKep, COBeplIIHJI B
1819 ro,lJ;Y no,n; KOMaH,lJ;OBaHHeM A.II. JIa3apeBa nJIaBaHHe
B KapCKoe Mope, K 6eperaM HOBOH 3eMJIH. IIo B03Bpam;e-
HHH B IIeTep6ypr OH paCCKa3hIB8.JI B Kpyry 3HaKOMhIX 0 CBO-
HX Ha6JIIO,n;eHHHX HB..ZJ; npHpO,lJ;HhIMH YCJIOBHHMH H mHBOT-
HhIM MHpOM B03JIe IOrO-3ana,n;HhIx 6eperOB HOBOH 3eMJIH.
H, MomeT 6hITh, HMeHHO OT Hero BnepBhIe YCJIhIlII8.JI IIYlII-
KHH, qTO B KapCKOM Mope, Ha IO:>KHOM OCTpOBe HOBOH 3eM-
JIH HMelOTCH 60JIhlIIHe 03epa, H306HJIYlOm;He JIe6e,lJ;HMH. KaK
3HaTh, He nOCJIymHJI JIH paCCKa3 KIOXeJIh6eKepa OCHOBOH
CIO:>KeTa 0 apeBHe-JIe6e,lJ;H, KOTopaH rYJIHJIa no BOJIHaM
KapCKoro MOpH <CMHMO oCTpoBa KPYTorO»?
,n:a H CaMO Ha3BaHHe <cKapCKOe» n03T Mor BocnpHHHMaTh
KaK qepHoe, BocnpOH3BO,lJ;H ero OT TaTapcKoro <CKapa», qTO
3Hat.IHT qepHhIH. 3HaqeHHe TaTapcKoro <CKapa» IIYlIIKHHY
6hIJIO H3BeCTHO. OT 3Toro KOpHH 06pa30BaHa qJaMHJIHH ero
cTapIIIero ,lJ;pyra H nOKpOBHTeJIH Kap8.M3HHa - nOTOMKa Ta-
TapcKoro MYP3hI. ECJIH MhI KO BceMY BcnoMHHM, qTO BO Bpe-
MeHa BHJIJIH BapeHa H ,lJ;oJIroe BpeMH nOCJIe KapCKoe Mope
B JIHTepaType Ha3hIBaJIOCh TaTapCKHM, a JIYKOMophe CqH-
TaJIH nO,lJ;BJIaCTHhIM TIOMeHCKOMY TaTapCKOMY aplO, TO MhI
CMomeM nOHHTh H Onp8.B,n;aTh TB.KOH nepeBO,n; IIYIIIKHHhIM Ha-
3BaHHH MOpH H nOHBJIeHHe B <cCKa3Ke» Y XOJIO,lJ;HhIX 6eperoB
OCTpOBa BYHHa MopCKoro ,lJ;H,lJ;hKH nO,lJ;BO,lJ;HhIX BHTH3eH -

i
206
qepHoMopa.YBepeHHOCTb, '1TO 3THM MbI 06H3aHbI TaTap-
CKOMY H3bIKY, rrpHaeTCJIeYIOee. C06HpaHCbrrHCaTbOCH-
6HpH H EpMaKe, IIYllIKHH rrOHHMaeT, '1TO 6e3 3HaHHH H3bIKa
KOpeHHOH Han;HOHaJIbHOCTH HeB03MO:>KHO rrpOHHKHYTb B
YllIY HapOa, rJIy6oKo H3y-qHTb ero HCTOpH'1eCKOe rrpOllIJIOe
H KYJIbTypHoe HaCJIeHe. OH rrpHXOHT K BbIBOY 0 Heo6xo-
HMOCTH H3Y'1eHHH H3bIKa CH6HPCKHX TaTap H rrpHo6peTaeT
pe'1aHllIYIO B Hallie BpeMH KHHry - «CJIOBapb pOCCHHCKO-
TaTapCKHH», co6paHHbIH B To60JIbCKOM rJIaBHOM HapOHOM
Y'1HJIHe MOCHcpOM rHraHOBbIM H H3aHHbIH B CaHKT- IIe-
Tep6ypre B 1804 roy. IIpH BceH rrocToHHHOH HeXBaTKe e-
Her IIYllIKHH rrpHo6peJI H 6epe:>KHO XpaHHJI 3TY, rrpeHa3Ha-
'1eHHYIO He JIH pa3BJIeKaTeJIbHOrO '1TeHHH KHHry. IIOHHT-
HO, '1TO OHa rOHJIaCb TOJIbKO JIH OHOH, BrrOJIHe
orrpeeJIeHHOH n;eJIH - H3y-qeHHH TaTapCKoro H3bIKa.
ECJIH 6bI IIYllIKHH rrpHo6peJI OHH TOJIbKO CJIOBapb, Tor-
a 3TO MO:>KHO 6bIJIO 6bI OTHeCTH K pa3pHY CJIY'1aHHOCTeH.
OHaKO B ero 6H6JIHOTeKe MbI HaXOHM H BYXTOMHHK, Ha-
3BaHHe KOToporo CTOHT rrpHBeCTH rrOJIHOCTblO: «rpaMMa-
THKa TaTapCKoro H3bIKa, CO'1HHeHHaH B To60JIbCKOH rJIaB-
HOH llIKOJIe Y'1HTeJIeM TaTapCKoro H3bIKa COcpHHCKoro Co-
60pa CBHeHHHKOM MOCHcpOM rHraHOBbIM H MYJIJIaMH
IOpTOBCKHMH CBHeTeJIbCTBOBaHHaH » . M3aHa « rpaMMaTH-
Ka» B CaHKT- IIeTep6ypre B 1801 roy rrpH MMrrepaTopcKoH
aKa,n;eMHH HaYK. YpoBeHb H3aHHH - CaMbIH BbICOKHH, '1TO
CBHeTeJIbCTByeT 0 rrOHHMaHHH n;apcKoH a,n;MHHHcTpan;HeH
Ba:>KHOCTH coxpaHeHHH Han;HOHaJIbHOrO H3bIKa, KaK 3JIeMeH-
Ta KYJIbTYPbI H OCHOBbI caMOC03HaHHH TaTapCKoro Hapo-
a, a TaK:>Ke KaK cpeCTBa MemHan;HOHaJIbHOrO o6eHHH
Me:>KY rrpHllIJIbIM HaCeJIeHHeM H KopeHHoH Han;HOHaJIbHO-

207
*
CTblO. He CJIyqaHHO Bce TPH KHHrH HarrHcaHbI yqHTeJIeM
rJIaBHOH T060JIbCKOH IlIKOJIbI, B KOTOpOH yqHJIHCb H PYC-
CKHe, H TaTapbI. KTO me OH TaKoH, cH6HpCKHH rrpOCBeTH-
TeJIb rHraHoB?
H3BecTHbIH B T060JIbCKe cBoeH yqeHOCTblO CBHeHHHK
HocH<p rHraHoB 6bIJI HeH H HaCTaBHHKOM B IOHOCTH
r .C. BaTeHbKoBa, 6yyero rrOMOHHKa cH6HpcKoro reHe-
paJI-ry6epHaTopa CrrepaHcKoro, rrOrrOJIKOBHHKa Koprryca
rrYTeH co06eHHH H eKa6pHcTa. Y crrelliHO eJIaBIlIHH Ka-
pbepy B BeOMCTBax ApaKqeeBa H CrrepaHcKoro, cH6HpHK
BaTeHbKoB 6bIJI rrpHHHT B 06ecTBe H OKOJIOJIHTepaTypHbIX
Kpyrax, KOpOTKO 3HaKOM C .A.rreKcaHpoM BecTymeBbIM,
KOHpaTHeM PbIJIeeBbIM, HBaHoM IIYHHbIM, BJIaHMH-
pOM PaeBCKHM H oc06eHHO pymHJI C A.A. EJIarHHbIM Hero
meHOH ABoTbeH IIeTpoBHoH, 6JIH3KOH pocTBeHHHeH
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He HCKJIlOqeHO, qTO IIYIlIKHH Mor Ha KBapTHpe CrrepaH-
CKoro B CaHKT- IIeTep6ypre 6eceoBaTb C r .C. BaTeHbKoBbIM
o cH6HPCKHX eJIax H qepe3 Hero 3arrOJIyqHJI peKHe TaTap-
CKHe KHHrH. PeKHe XOTH 6bI rrOTOMY, qTO rrpH HX HarrHca-
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CHH rrpaBOCJIaBHbIH CBHeHHHK H MYCYJIbMaHCKHe MYJIJIbI
B eJIe rrpOCBeeHHH H C03aHHH yqe6HHKa CYMeJIH K 06-
eH rrOJIb3e HaHTH 06HH H3bIK. B aHHOM CJIyqae - Ta-
TapcKHH.
BrrpOqeM, BepHeMCH K IIYIlIKHHY Hero «CKa3Ke». Orrpe-
eJIHB, qTO KapcKoe Mope IIYIlIKHH Mor co CJIOBapeM rHra-
HOBa rrepeBOHTb KaK « qepHoe», rrorrp06yeM OTbICKaTb Ha
HeM OCTpOB BYHH, MHMO KOToporo rrOCTOHHHO rrpOrrJIbIBa-
lOT ToprOBble Kopa6JIH.

t
208
BepCTa ,lI;Bu;aTh nepBaJI
qy.n;HhIH OCTpOB
B Mope OCTpOB 6hIJI KPYTOH,
He npHBRJIhHbIH, He mHJIOH;
OH JIemaJI nYCTOH pRBHHHOH;
POC HR HeM y60K eHHbIH;
A Teneph CTOHT HR HeM
HOBbIH ropo co BOpOM.
A.C. II YWKUH.
CKa3Ka 0 ",ape CaJlmaHe
OCTPOB BYHH 3OJIrO o IIywKHHa cYLqeCTBOBaJI B Pyc-
CKOM HapOHOM TBOptleCTBe: JIereHax H CKa3Kax. OCTPOB
BYSIH - OCTpOB CtlaCThSl, «CTpaHa meJIaHHaH», cpaHTa3H-
u u
eH HapOHhIX CKa3HTeJIeH nOMeaJICSI B cTy,n;eHOM ceBep-
HOM Mope: «Ha Mope-OKeaHe, Ha OCTpOBe BYSlHe, CTOHT ,n;y6
3eJIeHhIH, no HHM 6hIK netleHhIH, pSl,n;OM HO:>K TOtleHhIH Ii
tleCHOK TOJItIeHhIH» . STO Bcero JIliIIIh npHCKaaKa. A eCJIH ro-
BOpHTh cephe3HO, TO B OCTpOBe BYSlHe BOnJIOLqaJIaCh BeKO-
BaSI MetlTa Hapoa 0 cnpaBeJIHBOCTH H CtlaCThe.
Y IIYIIIKHHa OCTpOB BYSIH TO:>Ke MeCTO, r,n;e HecnpaBe,n;-
JIHBO 06H:>KeHHhIe H aaTOtleHHhIe B 60tlKY MaTh H ChIH OCBO-
60:>K,n;aIOTCSI OT Y3HJIHLqa H 06peTalOT CB06o,n;y, nOKoH, ,n;o-
BOJIhCTBO. To eCTh BOJIelO He6ecHhIx H npHpo,n;HhIX CHJI YC-
TaHaBJIHBaeTCSI TOp:>KeCTBO cnpaBe,n;JIHBOCTH. Y JIereH,n;hI 06
OCTpOBe CtlaCThH ,n;aBHHe H rJIy60KHe ceBepHhIe HCTOKH.
AKa,n;eMHK A.II.OKJIa,n;HHKoB CtlHTaJI, tlTO B PYCCKHH
cpOJIhKJIOp JIereH,n;a 06 OCTpOBe BYHH npHIIIJIa H3 YCTHoro
TBOptleCTBa ceBepHhIX nJIeMeH, nOJIar8.JI, tlTO PYCCKHe C He-
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209
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pHreHHOH KYJIbTypbI, qepnaH cBeAeHHH H3 HX npe,n;aHHH H
MHcpOJIOrHH.
HPKHM npHMepOM TOMY HBJIHIOTCH JIereH,n;bI H paCCKa-
abI 0 MHcpHqeCKHX mHTeJIHX KpaHHerO CeBepa Ha OCTpO-
BaX JIe,n;OBHTOrO OKeaHa H 0 «aeMJIe 60pO,n;aTbIX». HapO,n;bI
CeBepa Ha,n;aBHa 6bIJIH YBepeHbI B TOM, tlTO B CeBepHOH qa-
CTH JIe,n;OBHTOrO OKeaHa HaXO,n;HTCH 06HTaeMbIe JIIO,n;bMH
OCTpOBa H ,n;ame TenJIaH aeJIeHaH aeMJIH C BbICOKHM JIeCOM,
60raTaH aBepHMH.06HTaIOT Ha HeH 60pO,n;aTbIe BeJIHKaHbI.
KaK H Y IIYIlIKHHa: «Bce KpaCaBbI y,n;aJIbIe, BeJIHKaHbI MO-
JIO,n;bIe» .
PYCCKHe He TOJIbKO BOCnpHHHJIH paCCKaabI MeCTHoro
HaCeJIeHHH, HO H HaMeHHJIH HX B COOTBeTCTBHH CO CBOHM
MHpOBoaapeHHeM, OTpamaH MeqTY 0 BOJIbHOH aeMJIe 6ea
u u
BJIaCTeH H no,n;aTeH.
BepxoHHcKHH HcnpaBHHK nHC8JI HPKYTCKOMY enHCKO-
ny BeHHaMHHY, qTO Ha JIeAoBHTOM OKeaHe eCTb OCTpOB, Ha
KOTOpOM mHBYT 60po,n;aTbIe mHTeJIH. Hapo,n;Hoe npe,n;aHHe
rOBopHT, qTO 6opOAaqH Ha TOM OCTpOBe npomHBalOT JIeT
qeTbIpeCTa, qTO Cy,n;HO KaKorO-TO enHCKona CO CBHTOIO 6bIJIO
npHHeceHO K HeMY H BbI6pOllieHO Ha 6eper. By,n;TO 6bI CJIbI-
IlIaT Ha TOM OCTpOBe aBYKH KOJIOKOJIOB...KoHeqHO me 3TO
JIereHAa, npHHHTaH HcnpaBHHKOM aa npaB,n;y, HO ClOmeT ee
cxo,n;eH C nYllIKHHCKHM. If onHcaHHe CXO:>Ke:
« ...MaTb H CbIH HAYT no rpy, JIHIlIb cTynHJIH aa orpa-
u
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If Bce me, He OTpHn;aH BOaMO:>KHOrO BJIHHHHH HapoAHoro
tPOJIbKJIOpa, nonpo6yeM nOHCKaTb APyrHe HCTOqHHKH, cno-
co6HbIe HaBeHTb n03TY o6paa OCTpOBa BYHHa, r,n;e o6peJI ce6e
CqaCT JIHBOe KHHmeHHe rBH,lJ;OH.

i
210
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rpa<pHqeCKOrO OI1HCaHHH POCCHHCKOH HMl1epHH», H3aHHaH
AKaeMHeH HaYK B 1771 roy. B JIHHHOM II 110p06HOM
u
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«Tol1orpa<pHqeCKHX H3BeCTHH», 6epyaH HaqaJIO OT
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aM H BeCHM llMl1epHH Ol1pOCHbIH JIHCT H3 TpHaTH BOI1-
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3BepeH Ha HHX JIOBHT, TaK me, KaK OHbIe OCTpOBa Ha3bIBa-
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06bIqaHHOrO H I1pHMeTbI OCTOHHoro».
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HOH 6H6JIHOTeKe 1103Ta, COXpaHHJIaCb «,n:peBHHH pOCCHii-
CKaH rHporpa<pHH», H3aHHaH H. HOBHKOBbIM B
1773 roy. KaK BOHTCH, H3aBaJIaCb OHa 110 110I1HCKe.
IIoI1HcaTbcH MomHO 6bIJIO Ha JII060e KOJIHQeCTBO 3K3eMI1-
JIHpOB H Ha 6YMare JI1060ro, 110 meJIaHHIO 110I1HCQHKa, Ka-
QeCTBa. B HaQaJIe KHHrH I1pHBeeH CI1HCOK 110I1HCaBIIIHX-
CH Ha Hee. B HX QHCJIe: ero CHHTeJIbCTBO rpacp IIeTp rpHro-
pbeBHQ qepHbIIIIeB H MOCKOBCKHH KYl1e HBaH AHpeeBHQ
IIIexYPHH, ee I1pe11006He EJIbl1Hocpopa HBaHoBHa Kpo-

_211
i
110TOBa H KHH3b IIeTp HHKHTHq Tpy6eKoH, He 03HaqHB-
llIHH CBoero HMeHH 110I1HCqHK I1HTH 3K3eMI1JIHpOB, ero 6JIa-
ropOHe A.1IeKcaHp HHKOJIaeBHq PaHeB Hero BbICOKO-
6JIarOpOHe repap CPpHpHX MHJIJIep.
,n:Ba 110CJIeHHX HMeHH HaM He pa3 ee BCTpeTHTCH Bl1e-
peH.
HacTpaHHe 223 «rHporpaqJHH» HaXOHM: «PeKa06b
l1aJIa B Mope B JIeTHlO1O YTpeHHlO1O 3aplO (KaKOB H3bIK!), a
TeqeT OT ByxapcKHH 3eMJIH, a 3a peKOIO 3a 06blO BeCTH
BepCT l1aJIa B Mope peKa Ta3. A 110 peKe Ta3Y MaHra3eH,
CaMOHb, IIHKH (Ha3BaHHH HeHeKHX pOOB). AHa 06H
peKe Ha OCTPOBY OT MOpH BBepx rpa.,n; HereH. OT HereH ceMb-
eCHT BepCT rpa HOCOBOH, I1pOTHB HOCOBoro 06opa».
OI1HCaHHe 3TO CeJIaHO 110 COCTOHHHIO Ha 1680 ro, Kor-
a 06CKYlO ry6y ee Ha3bIBaJIH MopeM, 110TOMY H BI1a.,n;aeT B
Mope peKa Ta3. A B OCTaJIbHOM OI1HCaHHe He pacxOHTCH C
COBpeMeHHOCTblO. CTOHT Ha CBoeM MeCTe rpa.,n; HOCOBOH (JIa-
6bITHaHrH) H HOCOBOH 06op - CaJIexap. HeHCHO, Kya
110eBaJICH H KaK Tel1epb Ha3bIBaeTCH rpa.,n; «Ha OCTPOBY»
HereH, HO BamHO, qTO TaKOH ropo Ha I1YTH OT JIYKOMOPbH
K apCTBY CH6HPCKHX CaJITaHOB eHCTBHTeJIbHO cyecTBo-
BaJI H XOHJIH MHMO Hero K,opa6JIHKH B MaHra3elO H To-
60JIbCK. Ho YTBepmaTb, qTO HMeHHO OCTpOB HereH BbIBe-
eH IIYllIKHHbIM 110 HMeHeM BYHHa TPYHO, 110CKOJIbKY Ha
3TO BeCeJIOe HMH I1peTeHYIOT ee HeCKOJIbKO OCTpOBOB,
I1paBa, yme 6e3 ropoa: BaHraq, HOBaH 3eMJIH H B oc06eH-
HOCTH OCTpOB BeJIbIH y ceBepHOH OKOHeqHOCTH HMaJIa. KaK
y:me rOBOpHJIOCb, BaHraq CTOHJI B CTopOHe OT MOpCKHX I1Y-
TeH I1pOMbIllIJIeHHHKOB H ToprOBeB. ,n:pyroe eJIO - Ho-
BaH 3eMJIH HJIH BeJIbIH. rpHropHH HOBHKHH B 1715 roy B

i
212
CBoeM «KpaTKOM OrrHCaHHH 0 HapO,lJ;e OCTHKOM» rrHCaJI:
« Ee me B ceH HOBOH 3eMJIe mHTeJIhCTByeT pa3YMHoe qe-
JIOBeqeCKOe C03,lJ;aHHe, HeCOrJIaCHO rJIarOJIIOT 0 ceM: HHhIe
u u u
CaMOBH,lJ;hI OHOH 3eMJIH rOBopHT 0 BH,lJ;eHHOH C03,lJ;aHHOH qe-
JIOBeqeCKOH KpaCOTe, rOJIOca me He CJIhIIIIaJIH, pa3rOBopOB
He HMeJIH, TOJIhKO 3peHHeM qeJIOBeqeCKHH 06JIHK Ha6JIIO-
,lJ;aJIH». JIIO,lJ;CKaH MOJIBa HaCeJIHJIa 3TOT OCTpOB BOJIIIIe6HOH
«qeJIOBeqeCKOH KpaCOTOH».
a 1584 ro rJIaBHhIH ,lJ;eHTeJIh 8HrJIHHCKOH KaMrraHHH B
MOCKOBHH AHTOH MapIII, c06HpaBIIIHHcH COBepIIIHTh rrJIaBa-
HHe B MaHra3elO, rrOJIyqHJI OTBeT OT qeThlpex PYCCKHX, KOTO-
phle BeJIH TOprOBJIIO Mem XOJIMOrOpaMH H IIeqopoH. B HeM,
B qaCTHOCTH, C0068JI0Ch: «He,lJ;8JIeKO OT MaTepHKa B YCThe
06H HMeeTCH OCTpOB, Ha KOTOpOM BO,lJ;HTCH MHoro 3BepeH, Ha-
rrpHMep 6eJIhlX Me,lJ;Be,lJ;eH, MopmeH. CaMOe,lJ;hl rOBopHT, qTO B
3HMHee BpeMH OHH qaCTO HaxO,lJ;HT TaM MopmOByID KOCTh. ECJIH
Thl XOqeIIIh, qT06hl Mhl rrpOeXaJIH K YCThlO p. 06H MopeM, TO
Mhl ,lJ;OJImHhl rrpOHTH MHMO OCTpOBOB BaHraq, HOBaH 3eMJIH,
3eMJIH MaTBeH. II Thl MomeIIIh y6e,lJ;HThCH B TOM, qTO OT OCT-
pOBa BaHraq ,lJ;0 YCThH 06H He OqeHh TPY,lJ;HO rrpoexaTh... »
Ilo,lJ; MaTBeeBoH 3eMJIeH, BepoHTHO, rrOHHM8JIH ceBepHhlH
OCTpOB HOBOH 3eMJIH, a OCTpOB B YCTbe 06H - BeJIhIH. 8TH
OCTpOBa 6hIJIH H3BeCTHhI OqeHh ,lJ;aBHO. Ee B XIII BeKe BeHe-
HaHcKHH rrYTeIIIeCTBeHHHK MapKo IloJIO B cBoeH 3HaMeHH-
TOH KHHre yrroMHHaeT 06 OCTpOBax KpeqeTOB B CTp8He ThMhl,
K ceBepy OT BJIa,n;eHHH KOHqH. BJIa,n;eHHH KOHqH pacrrpOCT-
paHHJIHCh Ha ceBepHYIO qaCTh YJIyca ,n:myqH - 3arra,lJ;HYIO
CH6HPh, a yrroMHHYThle OCTpOBa KpeqeTOB, BepOHTHO OCT-
pOBa BeJIhlH H HOBaH 3eMJIH, Ha KOTOphlX rHe3,lJ;OBhH 3TH X
COKOJIOB BCTpeqalOTCH H rro HaCTOHee BpeMH. 0 KpeqeTaX

213
i
MhI BCnOMHHJIH B CBH3H co CTpOKaMH « CKa3KH»: «BheTCH
JIe6eh Cpeh 3bI6eH, / KOpmYH MeqeTCH H HeH. . . »
CKa3Ka eCTh CKa3Ka. Ho B 3THX CTpOKaX n03T CJIerKa
nOrpeIlIHJI npOTHB cyeCTBYIOeH B npHpOe peaJIhHOCTH.
IIpecTaBHTeJIh OTpHa HCTpe6HHbIX KOpmYH, rp03a MeJI-
KHX TBapeH, HHKaK He Mor npeCTaBJIHTh yrpo3bI JIH npe-
BOCXOHero ero no pa3MepaM H CHJIe JIe6eH. Pyroe
eJIo - KpeqeT. Ha PYCH, C ee Tpa.n;HHHMH COKOJIHHOH OXo-
TbI, He MOrJIH 06MaHhIBaThCH Ha ceH CqeT. B PYCCKHX CKa3-
Kax COKOJIhI, OpJIhI, HCTpe6hI - Bcera nOJIOmHTeJIhHbIe
repOH; KopmYH, cpHJIHH, BOpOH - OTpHaTeJIhHhIe. 0 CHJIe,
CMeJIOCTH, JIOBKOCTH nOJIHpHOrO COKOJIa - 6eJIoro Kpeqe-
Ta B EBpone XOHJ1H JIereHhI. PacCKa3bIBaJIH, qTO OT OHO-
ro B3r JIHa KpeqeTa YMHpalOT OT CTpaxa 6eJIbIe JIe6eH. Mo-
meT 6bITh, OCTpOB BeJIhIH, re BOHTCH KpeqeTbI, H eCTh
CKa30qHbIH BYHH? Beh MHMO Hero meJI Kopa6eJIhHhIH nyrh
B CaJITaHOBO apCTBO.
BepCTa BaTh BTOpas
B qemye, KaK )Kap, rOp.H
TaM 0 3ape npHXJI:bIHYT BOJlHbI
Ha 6per neC'tIaHbIH H nycToH,
H TpHJ];aTb BHTH3eH npeKpaCHbIX
-qpeoH H3 BO B:bIXOHT HCH:bIX,
H C HHMH HbKa HX MOpCKOH.
A.C. II YWKUH. Y JI YKOMOPbR
MhI yme n03HaKOMHJIHCh C HaCeJIeHHeM JIereHapHoro
OCTpOBa BYHH - «qeJIOBeqeCKOH KpaCOTOH» - KpacaBn;a-

i
214
MH H CTpaHHbIMH 60pOaTbIMH BeJIHKaHaMH. HacTarra oqe-
peb YTOqHHTb, oTKya B3HJIOCb Y HHX CBepKalOee PbI6b-
eM qernyeM oeHHHe H qTO OHO MOrJIO C060M I1peCTaBJIHTb.
IIpH H3yqeHHH HCTOqHHKOB, OKa3bIBaeTCH, qTO IIyrnKHH 3a-
HMCTBOBaJI 110BOHbIX BHTH3eM OTHIOb He H3 YCTHoro
qJOJIbKJIOpa. IIoxomHe l1epCOHaJRH, TaK HJIH HHaqe CBH3aH-
HbIe I1pOHCXOmeHHeM C JIYKOMopbeM, aBHO yme KOqeBa-
JIH 110 CTpaHHaM PYCCKOM H MHpOBOM JIHTepaTYPbI H, B03-
MomHO, He 110KHaJIH YCTHoro qJOJIbKJIOpa.
B rnHpOKO H3BeCTHOM Ha PYCH peBHeM PYCCKOM COqH-
HeHHH «0 qeJIOBee, He3HaeMbIX B BOCTOqHOM CTpaHe H 0
H3bIex P03HbIX» 110BeCTBOBaJIOCb B qHCJIe I1POqHX qyec H
o MOpCKHX mHTeJIHX: «B TOM me cTpaHe, 3a TeMH JIIObMH
HM MopeM, mHBeT HHaH CaMOHb (HeHbI. - A.3.), TaKOBa:
JIHHHaH CJIOBeT; JIeTOM MecH mHBYT B Mope, a Ha cyrne He
mHBYT Toro eJIH: Toro MeCHa 110Heme TeJIO B HHX TpeCKa-
eTCH H OHH TOT MeCH B Boe JIemaT, a Ha 6eper He MorYT
BbIJIe3TH» .
PHqap .1J:moHcoH B CBoeM COqHHeHHH « 0 HeKOTopbIX
CTpaHax caMoeOB, mHBy:rn;HX 110 peKe 06H H 110 MOpCKHM
6eperaM 3a 3TOM peKoM (1558)) YTOqHHeT: «B BOCTOqHOH
CTpaHe, 3a IOropcKolO 3eMJIelO, peKa 06b COCTaBJIHeT ee 3a-
l1aHYIO qaCTb. IIo 6epery MOpH mHBYT caMoebI, H CTpaHa
HX Ha3bIBaeTCH MOJIrOM3eH (BI10CJIe,n:cTBHH MaHra3eH. -
A.3.). B 3TOM me MeCTHOCTH, 3a 3THM HapOOM mHBeT Ha 6e-
pery ,n:pyroe I1JIeMH caMoe,n:OB, rOBopH:rn;HX Ha pyroM H3bI-
Ke. OHH MeCH B ro,n:y OHH I1pOBO,n:HT Ha Mope H B TeqeHHe
Bcero 3Toro MeCHa He B03Bpam;aIOTCH Ha cyrny. . . » M3 3TH X
OKYMeHTOB CJIeyeT, qTO JIereH,n:bI 0 MOpCKHX mHTeJIHX
B03HHKJIH He Ha I1YCTOM MeCTe, HMeIOT peaJIbHYIO OCHOBY H

_215
i
TeppHTOpHaJIbHO CBH3aHbI orrHTb me C JIYKOMopHeH H MaH-
ra3eeH.
IIpHrroMHHaJOTcH rrYIIIKHHCKHe TpHaTb TPH 60raTbIpH:
«A Terrepb rropa HaM B Mope; / THmeK B03YX HaM 3eMJIH...»
TpYHO CKa3aTb, 3HaKOM JIH 6bIJI rr03T C COqHHeHHeM «0 qe-
JIOBeeX He3HaeMbIX...» HJIH CJIbIIIIaJI ero B rrepeCKa3e, HO BOT
KHHry pHMCKoro HCTopHKa IIaBJIa HOBHH, KOToporo MbI yme
yrroMHHaJIH B rJIaBe 0 BeJIHKaHaX, OH HMeJI B CBoeH 6H6JIHO-
TeKe H, CJIeOBaTeJIbHO, Mor qHTaTb. ¥ IIaBJIa HOBHH OH Mor
HaHTH 3arrHCb: «¥ OKeaHa, KaK paCCKa3bIBaIOT, mHBeT Ka-
KOH-TO Hapo, KOTOpbIH 60JIbIIIYlO qaCTb (BpeMeHH) rrpOBO-
HT B Boe H rrHTaeTCH HCKJIlOqHTeJIbHO CbIpOH pbI60H. 8TH
JIIOH, rro06HO pbI6aM, rrOKpbITbI qeIIIyelO...» CTpOKH 3TH
3arrHcaHbI CO CJIOB pYCCKoro rrOCJIa ,n:MHTpHH repaCHMOBa,
3HaBIIIero 0 rroxoe Kyp6cKoro B JIYKOMopbe.
06bIqaeM yrroTpe6JIeHHH B rrHy CbIpOH pbI6bI CH6HPH-
KOB H Terrepb He yHBHTb: y qaCTH KopeHHoro HaCeJIeHHH OH
COXpaHHJICH H rrOHbIHe, a BOT qeIIIYH - oTKya? OTKya y
IIYIIIKHHa: «B qeIIIye, KaK map, ropH...» 06'bHCHeHHe OTbIC-
KaJIOCb H 3TOMY He rrpOCTOMY Borrpocy. IIepBbIe pYCCKHe 3eM-
JIerrpOXObI B 3arra,zJ;HOH CH6HpH rrOpa3HJIHCb YMeHHIO a60-
pHreHOB eJIaTb HerrpOMOKaeMYIO oemy H3 pbI6bHX Kom.
BOT KaK rrHCaJI 06 3TOM COBpeMeHHHK IIeTpa I rpHropHH
HOBHKHH: «Oema HX 06e H3 KomeH PbI6bI, HaHrraqe H3
HaJIHMa Hme rro06eH COMY, Tome C oceTpa H CTepJIHeH oep-
IIIe Komy eJIHKO TpyaMH CBOHMH YMHrqHBaIOT, HKO MorYT
Bce oeHHHe ce6e H3 HHX COIIIHTH. 06e me H3 HaJIHMbeH
KomH K8JKaHbI, C HHbIX me qYJIKH, canorH ce6e YTBOpHIOT».
OKOHqaTeJIbHOe pa3'bHCHeHHe rrpOHcxomeHHH JIereH-
bI 0 MOpCKHX mHTeJIHX aeT 3Ha TOK CeBepa cepeHHbI rrpo-

j
216
IlIJIOrO BeKR H.A. A6paMOB. B OtlepKaX Bepe30BCKOrO
KpaH» OH paCCKa38.JI, tlTO 6JIH3 OCTpOBa BeJIhIH B JIe.n;OBH-
TOM OKeaHe HaXO.n;HTCH neCtlaHaH OTMeJIb, r.n;e 06.n;OpCKHe
OCTHKH H CaMOe.n;bI npHCTaBaJIH BO BpeMH CBOHX I1pOe3.n;OB
.n;JIH OTnpaBJIeHHH H.n;OJIbCKOrO 06pH.n;a. 3.n;eCh OHH Kyn8.JIHCb
.n;JIH C006w;eHHH C BO.n;HhIMH 60meCTBaMH H, BblH.n;H H3 BO.n;bI,
6pOCaJIH B Hee .n;eHbrH. BH.n;HMO, 3TOT PHTY8.JI B COtleTaHHH C
O.n;em.n;OH H3 pbl6bHX KOm .n;8.JI nHrn;y qJaHTa3HH OtleBH.n;eB H
3HaBllIHX 0 HeM nOHaCJIbIIliKe.
IIYIlIKHHY OCTaB8.JIOCb TOJIbKO pa3BHTb rOTOBhIH ClOmeT:
.. .Mope BCKHHeTCH 6ypJIHBO,
Pa36emHTCH B mYMHOM 6ere,
H OCTaHYTCH Ha 6pere
B qemye, KaK map, ropH
TpHJ];aTb TPH 60raTbIpH...
MOpCKOH .n;H.n;bKa 06.n;OPCKHX OCTHKOB H CaMOe.n;OB - 3TO
HX TOTeMHhIH npe.n;OK - Bo.n;Hoe 60meCTBO. B03MomHO, B
HMH "1IepHoMop IIYIlIKHH BKJIa.n;hIBaJI HHqJopMaHIO, tlTO OH
06HTaeT B KapCKOM (OT TaTapCKoro Kapa - tlepHhIH) Mope.
Ha caMOM .n;eJIe Ha3BaHHe MOplO .n;aHO OT BnalOrn;eH B Hero
petlKH Kapa. Rap - nO-KOMH-nepMHKH 03HatlaeT CeJIeHHe,
ropo.n;OK. Ho cpe.n;H PYCCKHX Kapa 6hIJIa H3BeCTHa H KaK
qepHaH peKa, HHatle IIaH-Hra. Kapa npopbIBaeTCH tlepe3
YP8.JIbCKHH xpe6eT ApBHCXOH H Bna.n;aeT B IIeCtlaHYIO 6yx-
TY CeBepHoro OKeaHa. B «,n:peBHeH pOCCHHCKOH rH.n;porpa-
qJHH», tlTO HMeJIaCh Y IIYIlIKHHa, 3TH MeCTa OI1HCaHbI TaK:
«A OT IIycTo3epa ceMb.n;eCHT BepCT ry6a BOJIBaHOBCKaH
(60JIBaH - caMoe.n;cKHH HOJI). A OT TOH ry6hI .n;BaaTh

217
i
BepCT peKa "1{opHaH, a peKa BeJIHKaH... A OT KopoTaeBbI
ceMbeCHT BepCT peKa Kapa. .. 3a'ry601O rraJIa B Mope pe'tIKa
KHH3bKOBa, H OT KapbI peKH O KHH3bKOBo:a CTO BMaTb
BepCT... A rrpOMem peKH KapbI Ha Mope OCTpOB Ba:ara'tI...»
Bce KaK B «CKa3Ke»: "1{epHaH pe'tIKa H Kapa BrraalOT B
"1{epHoe Mope, B KOTOpOM OCTpOB H HarrpOTHB pe'tIKa KHH3b-
KOBa, rro 6eperaM KOTOpO:a, B03MomHO, rrporYJIHBaJICH C
JIYKOM OCTHKHH KHH3b rBHOH...
BepCTa BaTb TpeTbJl
qeM DbI, rOCTII, TOpr De.n;eTe?
TOprOBaJIH MhI 6YJIaTOM,
't.{HCThIM cepe6poM H 3JIaTOM...
A.C. II YZUKUH.
CKa3Ka 0 qape CaJlmaHe
B Hame:a rHrrOTe3e Ha rrpaBO Ha3BaTbCH rrpo06pa30M oc-
TpOBa BYHHa B «CKa3Ke 0 ape CaJITaHe» rrpeTeHyeT OCT-
pOB BeJIbIH H He TOJIbKO H3-3a CBoero pacrrOJIOmeHHH Ha
rrYTH K JIYKOMOPblO H apCTBY CH6HPCKOMY.
B 3TOM Borrpoce HaM nOMorYT pa306paTbCH KyrrbI-3eM-
JIerrpOXObI. 113 OTBeTOB KyrroB Ha paccrrpOCbI rBHOHa H
CaJITaHa MomHO CeJIaTb BrrOJIHe orrpeeJIeHHbIH BbIBO,
{{TO CTOJIHa «CJIaBHOrO CaJITaHa» HaXOHJIaCb Ha BOCTOKe
OT PYCH HerrO8JIeKY OT JIYKOMOPbH H Mara3eH - B llcKe-
pe (T060JIbCKe) HJIH TIOMeHH.
STO rrperrOJIOmeHHe rrOTBepmaIOT ToprOBbIe rOCTH
rBHoHa: «ToprOB8JIH MbI 6YJIaTOM, 'tIHCTbIM cepe6poM H
3JIaTOM... »

i
218
q TO me 3TO 3a CTpaHHble Kyrrbl, ToprYIOru;He qHCTblM
cepe6pOM H 3JIaTOM, ,l];a eru;e B COqeTaHHH C opymHeM? Ac-
copTHMeHT, rrpHMO CKameM, He06blqHblH. lIo Tpa,n;HHH,
Ha060pOT, KOHeqHOH eJIblO ToprOBOH C,l];eJIKH ,l];JIH Kyrra
HBJIHJIOCb rrOJIyqeHHe, HaKOrrJIeHHe KaK MomHO 60JIbillerO
KOJIHqeCTBa ,l];parOeHHOCTeH, 30JIOTa. 11 HeOp,l];HHapHOe CO-
qeTaHHeTOBapOB:6YJIaT,Cepe6po,30JIOTO.
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3HaqHT «CTaJIb». B ,l];peBHOCTH CJIaBHJICH xopacaHCKHH
rrepCH,l];CKHH 6YJIaT.llpaHcKHe Kyrrbl TOprOBaJIH 6YJIaTHbl-
MH xopacaHCKHMH KJIHHKaMH rro BceMY MHPY. TOBap ,l];JIH
rrepCOB Tpa,l];HHOHHbIH. Ho BOT He06blqHaH TOprOBJIH «qH-
CTblM cepe6pOM H 3JIa TOM» ,l];JIH rrepCOB CTaJIa BbIHym,l];eH-
HOH. Co BpeMeHH YTBepm,l];eHHH HCJIaMa B IJ:eHTpaJIbHOH H
MaJIOH A3HH ,l];parOeHHble rrocY,l];a H opymHe, IOBeJIHpHble
YKpaIlleHHH C H306pameHHeM qeJIOBeKa, mHBOTHoro HJIH
rrTHbl CTaJIH ,l];JIH HX BJIa,n;eJIbeB rrpe,l];MeTaMH HemeJIaTeJIb-
HblMH H orracHblMH.llCJIaM 3arrperu;aJI ,l];epmaTb HX B ,l];OMe H
rrpH ce6e rro,l]; yrp030H CTporOH Kapbl 3a H,l];OJIOrrOKJIOHCTBO.
YHHqTOmaTb eHHble rrpOH3Be,l];eHHH IOBeJIHpHOrO HCKYCCT-
Ba 6blJIO 6bl Hepa3YMHbIM paCTOqHTeJIbCTBOM. 11 TOr,l];a ce-
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JIHBble rrepCH,l];CKHe Kyrrbl rrOBe3JIH B CTpaHbl rrOJIYHoru;HbIe,
r,l];e HM HMeJICH ,l];OCTOHHbIH 3KBHBaJIeHT ToprOBoro 06Me-
Ha - Mexa, H r,l];e H,l];OJIOrrOKJIOHCTBO BOBCIO rrpOBeTaJIO.
KapaBaHHblH rrYTb Ha CeBep IlleJI rro MpTblillY MHMO CTOJIH-
bl CH6HPCKHX CaJITaHOB -llcKepa HJIH KaIllJIbIKa. Topro-
BblH rrYTb HaqHHaJICH C BepXHero MpTblIlla, Bblille HbIHeIll-
Hero Y CTb- KaMeHOrOpCKa, KY,l];a Bce TOBapbl ,l];OCTaBJIHJIHCb
Ha BblOqHblX mHBOTHblX H rreperpy.m:aJIHCb Ha KalOKH (60JIb-

_219
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IIIHe JIOKH) H Ha HHX OTlIpaBJIHJIHCb BHH3 IIO llpTblillY MHMO
llcKepa o JIYKOMOPbH HJIH Cyp.rYTa.
mHTeJIH IOrpbl IIpeIIOqHTaJIH cepe6po pyrHM MeTaJI-
JIaM, OqeBHHO, H3-3a ero 6aKTepHHHbIX CBOHCTB. ,n:JIH HHX
cepe6po 6blJIO eHCTBHTeJIbHO qHCTblM MeTaJIJIOM. BepOHT-
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237
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i
238
B XVI-XVIII BeKax, B nepHO)); OCBoeHHH PYCHtIaMH JIy-
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_239
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i
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no JIOKOTb PYKH B cepe6pe» (3anHcaHa A.H. AcpaHacbe-
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3aHMCTBOBaJI ClOmeT 0 rBHOHe Hero MaTepH H3 aHTHQHOH
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_247
i
JIa OT Hero IIepceH. Tora AKpHCHH rrOBeJIeJI CeJIaTb 60JIb-
mOH CYHYK, rrOCMHTb B Hero Oqb H BHYKa H 6pOCHTb B
Mope. IIoKa CYHYK rrJIaBaJI rro MOplO, IIepceH B HeM BbIpOC
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HeMaJIO rrOBHrOB, 06paTHBllIHCb B KOHe KOHOB B C03Be3-
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BObI AHaKpeoHa, KcecpaHa KOJIOcpOHCKoro, AcpHHeH, MOHa
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OB» H «AHaKpeOHTHqeCKHe CTHXOTBopeHHH». He HCKJIIO-
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Hae C CbIHOM, 6pollIeHHbIx B Mope.
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eM H rBHOHOM 3aCTaBHJIa OTbICKaTb CTapHHHbIH aTJIaC
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llHTYHHH rrOCKa3bIBaJIa, qTO HMeHHO B HeH MomeT TaHTb-
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rrOaBaJIH OCHOBaTeJIbHO. Ka3aJIOCb, qTO He CJIaHHO IIYIlI-
KHH rrOCTaBHJI pHOM Mope H He6o:
B CHHeM He6e 3Be3.n;bI 6JIeYT,
B CHHeM Mope BOJIHbI nJIeYT,
Tyqa no He6y H.n;eT,
BOqKa no MOplO nJIbIBeT.. .

t
248
,D:peBHHe 3Be3OtleThI 06BOHJIH KOHTyphI C03Be3HH,
IIpHaBaH HM IIpHBhItlHhIe 3eMHhIe cpOpMhI JIH JIyqIIIerO
BOClIpHHTHH H 3aIIOMHHaHHH. CaMhIH H3BeCTHhIH H3 CTa-
pHHHhIX 3Be3HhIX aTJIaCOB - aTJIaC IIOJIhCKOrO aCTpOHO-
MaHHareBeJIHH, KOTophIHmHJIB 1611-1687 roax. Ero
KHHra 6hIJIa H3aHa B raHhcKe B 1690 roy, yme IIOCJIe
CMepTH aBTopa, H IIOJIytlHJIa IIIHPOKYro H3BeCTHOCTh B Ha-
ytlHhIX Kpyrax EBpOlIhI H POCCHH. B CCCP COXpaHHJIOCh
tleThIpe 3K3eMIIJIHpa KHHrH HHa reBeJIHH, H3 HHX TPH - B
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u
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BOpOTOB caMH 110 ce6e cIIoc06HhI IIOpa3HTb Bo06pameHHe
II03Ta.
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aJIeKO OT Hero, B C03Be3HH ,D:eBbI, IIpeKpaCHaH ,D:eBa C or-
pOMHhIMH JIe6eHHhIMH KpbIJIbHMH. ,D:eBa B aHTHtlHOH MH-
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249
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B03JIe rOJIOBbI JIe6eH npeKpaCHhlH IOHOllia C HaTHHY-
ThlM JIYKOM - AHTHHoH, H B OHOM C03Be3HH C HHM-
OpeJI, caMaH HpKaH 3Be3a KOTOpOH AnhTaHp Ha 3Be3HOH
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«MeCHn; no KOCOH 6JIeCTHT, a BO JI6y 3Be3a ropHT». YH-
BHTeJIhHOe, CKopee Bcero He CJIyqaHHOe COBneHHe: H306-
pameHHhlH Ha 3Be3HOH KapTe HHa reBeJIHH ClOmeT IIOqTH
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peBHOH JIe6ehlO. B IOHOllie AHTHHoe Mhl Y3HaeM HaTHHYB-
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i
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_251
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ro BeTpa. Bo BpeMSI mepTBOnpHHOllIeHHH COJIHe'tIHOMY 60ry
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t
252
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253
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Ka3blMCKOH BOrHHe, OP;HH H3 CeMH 06JIHKOB KOTOpOH -
rJIyxapKa.
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COBpeMeHHOH KpaCaBHIJ;bI.

i
254
B «KpaTKOM OrrHCaHHH 0 HapOp;e OCTHKOM» rpHrOpHH
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TbIHKY?

_255
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261
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263
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i
264
rHe IIIy6bI... BeJIoK 06HJIHe H MHOrO cpapaOHOBbIX KpbIC, H
BCe JIeTO OHH HMH nHTaIOTCH, nOTOMY tlTO KpbICbI OtleHb
mHpHbI.
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u u
IIIab He npOHeT, 3TO CTpaHa, re MHoro 03ep H pyqeH-
KOB; TYT 60JIbliiOH JIe, TpHCHHbI H rpH3b;...H 3Ta ypHaH
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CTOHHKa, re npHCTalOT rOHn;bI, tlTO XOHT no CTpaHe. Ha
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MeHbIIIe OCJIa, H 3TH c06aKH B03HT rOHn;OB OT CTOHHKH K
CTOHHKe... A BOT KTO CTopomHT CTOHHKY, caHTCH TaKme
B caHH, norOHHeT c06aK H eeT oporolO KpaTtlaHIIIelO H
JIyqIIIelO. Ha PyroH CTOHHKe KaK npHeYT - c06aKH H
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Kow;eeM, HMH KOToporo B peBHeCJIaBHHCKOH MHcpOJIOrHH
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eHHH 3aHHMaJIH 6acceHHbI BepXHeH H CpeHeH 06H C IIp-
TbIliiOM H HHmHeH CbIpapbeH.
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eTCH 3anaHaH CH6Hpb H ee mHBOTHbIH MHp, 3a HCKJIlOtle-
HHeM TaK HHKeM H He paCIIIHcppOBaHHbIX 3pKOJIHHOB a ew;e
cpapaOHOBbIX KpbIC, B KOTOpbIX MomHO Y3HaTb 606pOB:
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nHTaeTCH KaMeHCKaH caMOHb.
II Bce-TaKH MapKO IlOJIO He CJIHIIIKOM HCKa3HJI HCTH-
HY, tlero HeJIb3H CKa3aTb 0 ero ropa30 60JIee npOCBeeH-
HbIX nOCJIeOBaTeJIHX, HaropOHBIIIHX 0 JIYKOMOPCKOM

265
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3Bepbe COBCeM HeCYCBeTHhIX He6hIJIHD:. .D:ame YBamaeMhIH
HaMH rep6epmTeHH He H36emaJI SToro C06JIa3Ha: 4 PeKa
KOCCHH (Ha.n;bIM) BhITeKaeT H3 JIYKOMOPCKHX rop; npH ee
YCThe Haxo.n;HTCH KpenoCTh, KOTOpOIO HeKor.n;a BJIa.n;eJI
KHH3h BeHD:a... H3 HCTOKOB me TOH peKH HaqHHaeTCH .n;PY-
raH peKa KOCCHMa (Ka3hIM) H npOTeKmH qepe3 JIYKOMO-
pHIO Bna.n;aeT B 60JIbmyIO peKY TaxaHHH, 3a KOTOpOH, KaK
rOBopHT, mHBYT JIIO.n;H qy.n;oBHID;Horo BH.n;a... B peKe Tax-
HHHe BO.n;HTCH TaKme HeKaH phI6a C rOJIOBOH, rJIa3aMH,
HOCOM, pTOM, PYKaMH, HoraMH H .n;PyrHMH qaCTHMH co-
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HYIO nHID;Y» .
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CTOPOHY IIeqOpbI H illyropa (npHToK IIeqOphI) no HanpaB-
JIeHHIO K ropaM "KaMeHHhIH IIOHC", KaK Ha 6epery MOpH,
TaK H Ha 6JIH3JIemaID;HX OCTpOBax mHBYT pa3JIHqHhIe Ha-
pO.n;hI, KOTOphIX PYCCKHe o.n;HHaKOBO 30BYT o6ID;HM HMeHeM
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u
nopo.n; H D:BeTOB 3BepeH C KpaCHBbIM MeXOM, KaK, HanpH-
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.n;eH, BOJIKOB H .n;HKHX JIOma,n;eH (aBTOp He OWH6CH, rOBopH 0
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KaHCKHX nYCThIHh.

i
266
CJIyqaeTCH Hepe,lJ;KO, tlTO, rrOHMaB OJIeHH HJIH ,lJ;pyrylO
KaKYIO-HH6y,lJ;h ,lJ;Htlh, pOCCOMaXa TaK 06mHpaeTCH elO, tlTO
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paCTYHMH ,lJ;epeBhHMH; rrpOTHCKHBaHCh Mem,lJ;y HHMH, OHa
TaK 6hIBaeT C,lJ;aBJIeHa HMH, tlTO BhI6paChIBaeT Ha 3eMJIIO
rrHy B TOM BH,lJ;e, B KaKOM OHa rrpOrJIOTHJIa ee H rromparra.
TaM BO,lJ;HTCH TaKme PhI6hI-8.M<pH6HH, JIOrOBHe KOTO-
phIX HaXO,lJ;HTCH Ha 3eMJIe, B Mope, 03epax H peKax; OHH
HMelOT tlY,lJ;OBHHhIH BH,lJ; H tlpe3BhItlaHHO orraCHhI; caMhIH
me orraCHhIH HX pO,lJ;... BeJIHtlHHOH C aHrJIHHCKOro ,lJ;ora H
CTOJIh me xopomo BoopymeH 3y6aMH. B aTOM C8.MOM Mope
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rrpocTo KameTCH tlY,lJ;ecHhIM; rrpHToM OHH TaK 6e306pa3HhI,
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rOM MeCTe Ha 3eMJIe».
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KHX MJIeKOrrHTalOHX: MopmeH H TIOJIeHeH, a TaKme IIO-
JIHpHhIX ,n;eJIh<pHHoB - 6eJIYx.
B 1845 ro,lJ;y C YCThH 06H B HpThIIli 3a KOCHKOM phI6hI
3allIeJI ,lJ;eJIhcpHH. mHTeJIH ceJIa CaMapoBo 3arHaJIH ero Ha
MeJIKOBO,lJ;he H TaM y6HJIH. BH,lJ;HMO, CJIyqaH 3axo,n;a ,n;eJIh-
cpHHOB B peKH 06b H Ta3 6hIBaJIH H paHee H HMeHHO HM, a
MomeT, H TIOJIeHHM, o6H3aHhI MhI IIOHBJIeHHeM B KHHre
rep6epllITeHHa coo6eHHH 0 phI6e C qeJIOBeqeCKHMH opra-
HaMH.
«BceMHpHaH KocMorpacpHH» T3B3 HMeJIa IlIHPOKYIO eB-
pOlIeHcKYIO H3BecTHocTh, HCIIOJIh30BarraCh KaK IIOC06He IIO
reorpacpHH B yqe6HbIX 3aBe,n;eHHHx, H BIIOJIHe B03MomHo,

267
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tITO IIYIIIKHH, BTOpbIM CBOHM .H3bIKOM CtIHTaBIIIHH cppaH-
Y3CKHH, rrocJle 3HaKOMCTBa C,HeH c,n;eJlaJI B CBOeH rraM.HTH
OTMeTKY 0 HeBH,n;aHHbIX 3Bep.HX. BrrpOtIeM, COBceM He 06$1-
3aTeJlbHO eMY 6bIJlO tIHTaTb HMeHHO AH,n;pa TaBa. MomeT,
aTO 6bIJI A. rBaHbHHH HJlH ,n;PyroH aBTOp.
BamHO OTMeTHTb, tITO JlHTepaTypa 0 HeBH,n;aHHbIX 3Be-
p.HX JIYKOMOpb.H cyecTBOB8.JIa H IIYIIIKHH HMeJl B03Mom-
HOCTb C HeH 03HaKOMHTbC.H. IIpHtIeM aTO He 06.H3aTeJlbHO
6bIJla JlHTepaTypa HHOCTpaHHbIX aBTopOB. rpHropHH HOBH-
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HeBH,n;aHHbIX 3Bep.HX: «06peTaIOTC.H CH.H HaHrratIe B rrpe,n;e-
Jlax rrOJlYHOHbIX, tITO rrpHJlemaT K JIe,n;OBHTOMY OKeaHY...
rpam,n;aHe Ha3bIBalOT KOCTH CH.H MaMOHTa 3Bep.H HeKoero
3eMHoro. Ho 0 HeM pa3J1HtIHO pa3YMe1OT: rOBOp.HT, tITO OH
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rreepy, Tor,n;a OT B03,n;yxa rrorH6aeT H COCTaBJI.HeT KOCTH.
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pa3HO CJlOmeHHbIe Ha ce6e HOCHT H Kor,n;a KorraeT rreepbI,
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He 6bIJlO cyecTBa MaMOHTa, KOCTH me Ct.IHTaIOT e,n;HHOpo-
rOB HJlH HHbIX MOpCKHX 3BepeH, BO BpeM.H rrOTorra HoeBa BO-
,n;01O 3aHeceHHbIe H 06COXIIIHe Ha 3eMJle, OT CTapOCTH B 3eM-
JlIO BpOCIIIHe». M ee MHoroe rrHCaJl HOBHKHH 0 HeBH,n;aH-
HbIX H BH,n;aHHbIX CH6HPCKHX 3BepHX. MOH COBpeMeHHHKH
JlYt.IIIIe Hero rrpe,n;CTaBJI.HIOT Terrepb MaMOHTa H ,n;HH03aBpa.

i
268
A pa3Hoo6pa3HhIe 3BepH JIYKOMOPhH H IOrphI CKOpO
MorYT CHOBa CTaTh <CHeBHaHHhIMH.>. II3-3a Bce B03paCTa-
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a, KYHHa H C060JIh. IICKJIlOtlHTeJIhHOH peKOCThlO CTaJla
pOCOMaxa. IIo yrpo30H YHHtlTOmeHHH 6eJIhIH MeBeh. He
CTaJIO Ha HMaJIhCKOM no6epemhe MopCKoro 3BepH. CKOpO
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MhI He OCTaHOBHMCH B CBoeM BapBapCTBe, TO CKOpO 3BepH
OCTaHYTCH TOJIhKO B CKa3Kax. Ho nOTepHB 3BepeH, MhI He
OHHX MeXOB JlHWHMCH - MhI JIHWHMCH ropa3O 60JIhWe-
ro, tlTO 06hItlHhIMH CJIOBaMH He BhIpa3HTh. EaK HeJIh3H Bhl-
pa3HTh CJIOBaMH tleJIOBetleCKYIO ywy .
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u
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BaJI y 6paTheB rpHMM, a OTeJIhHbIe MeCTa CKa30K <cO ape

269
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CaJITaHe» H <c 0 30JIOTOM rreTYIIIKe» HOCHT CJIe,lJ;bI BJIHHHHH
TBOpqeCTBa BaIIIHHrTOHa HpBHHra.
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MHp CKa30qHHKOB 6paTbeB rpHMM He HMeeT CMbICJIa, a BOT
COBpeMeHHHKa ITYIIIKHHa, KpyrrHoro aMepHKaHCKoro pOMa-
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,lJ;eTCTBe.
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pa». ITo rrpo<}>eCCHH ,lJ;HrrJIOMaT, BaIIIHHrTOH HpBHHr rrOqTH
18 JIeT rrpOmHJI B EBporre, nOJII06HJI ee H HcnaHHIO CqHTaJI
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pOJIb o6paaeTcH 3a rrOMObIO K apa6cKoMY KOJI,lJ;YHY H
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,lJ;HT...» B ropbI, 3aMeTbTe.

271
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Ho nOqeMY ,ZJ;JIH onpe,ZJ;eJIeHHH npOMemYTKOB BpeMeHH
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H B EBpone ceMb H ,ZJ;eCHTb.
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IfpBHHra, TaK 3TO illaMaxaHCKOH apHbI, 06pa3a eJIH-
KOM nYIlIKHHCKoro.
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_291
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293
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294
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_295
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296
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u
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MaHHe 'tIHTaTeJIeH Ha CTpO'tlKH, nocBSIeHHhIe EpMaKY B
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nOST npOCHT CBoero 6paT8 BhICJIaTh eMY <cCH6HpCKHH BecT-
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297
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r8.HOBCKOH, 'tIepenaHOBCKOH H eCHnOBCKOH, nOBeCTBOBaBIIIH-
MH 0 noxoax EpMaKa H HCTOpHH apCTBa CH6HpCKOrO.
BpaT BbICJIaJI eMY nOJIHbIH KOMnJIeKT BeCTHHKa Cnac-
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HOCTb C HHMH 03HaKOMHTbCH. H3BecTHo, 'tITO MHorHe PY-
3bH n03Ta 3HaJIH 0 ero HaMepeHHH HanHcaTb 0 EpMaKe:
<cMHe nHIIIYT, 'tITO TbI 3aTeBaeWb HOBYIO n03MY EpMaKa, -
CnpaBJIHJICH EBreHHH BapaTbIHcKHH B Ha'tlarre 1826 roa. -
IIpeMeT HCTHHHO n03TH'tIeCKHH, OCTOHHbIH Te6H...»
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Ba. PbIJIeeB npHCJIaJI IIywKHHY CBoero EpMaKa: <c3HalO, 'tITO
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B HeKOTopOM poe 3aMe'tlaTeJIbHaH. OH 6bIJI n060'tlHbIM CbI-
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'tIHJI COrJIaCHe, HO C.A. C060JIeBCKHH, Y KOToporo iKHJI
IIywKHH, CYMeJI npHMHpHTb Y3JIHHTOB. B B.JIbHeHWeM Y
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OTHoweHHH. COJIOMHpCKHH 6bIJI He 'tIym JIHTepaTypbI, caM
nHCaJI CTHXH, H IIYWKHH npOBOmaJI ero B CH6HPb, npOCHJI
co6paTb 0 EpMaKe HapOHbIe paCCKa3bI H JIereHbI.
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JIY'tIHB nHCbMO ITywKHHa C HanOMHHaHHeM 0 npocb6e, OH

i
298
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Te6e 0 EpMaKe, rrpeMeT, KOHeqHO, JIID60rrbITHbIH, HO, rro-
MbIIlIJIHH 0 rrOe3Ke JIH p03bICKOB CJIeOB cero BOHTeJIH, H
OCeJIb cHmy OMa».
C CH6HpbID H T060JIbCKOM IIYIlIKHHa CBH3bIBaJIH MHoro-
qHCJIeHHbIe PymecKHe HHTH. IIocJIe 1826 roa TaM OKa3a-
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« COBpeMeHHHKe» yme B 1841 ro,n;y.
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H OCTaBHTb» .
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B H3,n;aHHH 3TOH CKa3KH C KapTHHKaMH H BbIrrYCTHTb ee B CBeT
rro B03MomHO ,n;ellIeBoH eHe, B orpOMHOM KOJIHqeCTBe
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_299
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CKHH ,n;06aBJIHJI: «MHorHe 3HaIOT, C ( . . .) KaKHMH rrOXBaJIaMH
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pOH (rro CJIOBaM r. CMHp,n;HHa) rrpHHMJIemaT IIYIIIKHHY».
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TOB, oT6bIBalOHX CH6HPCKYIO CCbIJIKY. O,n;Ham,n;bI B 6ece,n;e C
IIYIIIKHHbIM EpIIIOB CKa3aJI, qTO JII06HT CBOIO CH6Hpb H He
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BaM HeJIb3H H He JII06HTb CH6HPH, Bo-rrepBbIX, 3TO Ballia
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,n;JIH CBoero BpeMeHH MaTepHaJI H MeqTaJI CaM rro6bIBaTb B
CH6HPH, rrOBH,n;aTb CBOHX ,n;PY3eH-,n;eKa6pHcToB.
K HeCqaCTblO, eMY He rrpHIIIJIOCb rro6bIBaTb B CH6HPH,
He ,n;OBeJIOCb HarrHcaTb rr03MY 0 EpMaKe H rrOBeCTb 0 B. AT-
JIaCOBe, HO co6paHHbIe HM CBe,n;eHHH 0 3eMJIe CH6HpCKOH He
rrpOrraJIH BTYHe H ycrreJIH BbIrrJIeCHYTbCH B «JIYKOMOpbe» H
«CKa3Ke 0 ape CaJITaHe».
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* 3naMencKuu M.C. 0 n03Te II.II. EpmoBe / / CH6HpcKHe orHH, 1940.
N2 4-5. C. 239.

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a,l];HO KOJIHtleCTBO ,l];OJImHO 6blJIO nepeHTH B KaqeCTBO. «Y JIy-
KOMOpbH» 3aKOHOMepHO ,l];OJImHO 6blJIO nOSlBHTbCSi. If OHO
nOSlBHJIOCb.
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IIYIIIKHH npOTOTHn CBoero JIYKOMOpbH? MomHo JIH B 6ec-
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cMepTHblM, npoJIor?
,n:opomKa K oTBeTY Ha 3TOT HeJIerKHH Bonpoc ,l];OcTaTOqHO
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nalOT B cpaHTaCTH'tIeCKoI'i n033HH npe-
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A. II YWKUH.
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OT ,n;peBHeH rpaHHbI nCKOBCKHX aeMeJIb C JIHTBOH H
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301
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TaeT npHropIIIHH CHera H 6pocaer;r HX B OCBem;eHHoe OKHO
6apcKoro ,n;OMa. 3a MopoaHbIMH yaopaMH Ha CTeKJIaX TenJIO
H THXO. JIHIIIb THmeJIbIe qaCbI HeYMOJIHMO OTCqHTbIBaJOT
BpeMH ,n;a nOTpeCKHBaJOT CBeqH B KaH,n;eJIH6pax. Po6KaH
u
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pbIX 6YMar Ha CTOJIe. 3a CTOJIOM ITYIIIKHH. He CJIYIIIaH aa-
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JIOCTHO qepKaeT HanHcaHHoe, TO HepBHO KycaeT KOHqHK
rYCHHoro nepa. Ha,n; qeM OH TaK HanpHmeHHO ,n;YMaeT, qTO
MHHTCH n03TY B rJIYIIIH HarHaHHH?
BcnoMHHaeTcH JIH eMY 1820 ro,n;, Kor,n;a cpe,n;H
neTep6yprcKHx nOBec pacnpOCTpaHHJICH B,n;Pyr CJIYX, qTO
aa HenOqTHTeJIbHbIe CaTHpHqeCKHe CTHXH OH 6y,n;TO 6bI 6bIJI
BbICeqeH B CeKpeTHoH KaHeJIHpHH? ITpHnOMHHJIaCb ,n;Y3JIb
C oCKop6HTeJIeM, 6eaYMHoe OTqaHHHe H MpaqHbIe ,n;YMbI 0
caMoy6HHcTBe? HJIH BCeMHJIOCTHBeHIIIee nOBeJIeHHe Ero
MMnepaTopcKoro BeJIHqecTBa, c06JIarOBOJIHBIIIerO aaMe-
HHTb COJIOBKH Ha MOJI,n;aBHIO?
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TOCKJIHBbIe ro,n;bI KHIIIHHeBCKoro HarHaHHH, HanpaCHbIe
omH,n;aHHH TopmeCTBa cnpaBe,n;JIHBOCTH, Ha,n;em,n;a BoaBpa-
m;eHHH B CBeT K ,n;pyabHM H JIJ06HMbIM H, KaK ropM cpe,n;H
HCHoro He6a, BbICOqaHIIIee nOBeJIeHHe oT6bITb B MHXaHJIOB-
CKoe no,n; Ha,n;aop yea,n;Horo npe,n;Bo,n;HTeJIH ,n;BOpHHCTBa. 3a-
TeM nOCTbI,n;HaH CJIemKa aa A.rreKcaH,n;poM, opraHHaOBaHHaH
nepenyraHHbIM OTOM, nOCJIe,n;OBaBIIIaH aa 3THM ccopa, ce-
u u u
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,n;eJIO 0 nOKYIIIeHHH Ha OTa H eme,n;HeBHoe omH,n;aHHe « py,n;-
HHKOB cH6HPCKHX H JIHIIIeHHe qeCTH» .

i
302
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nCKOBCKHX nOJIeH, 03H06HJIO nbIJIKYIO YllIY n03Ta H npo-
HHKJIO Memy CTpOK PYKOnHCH Ha pa60'tleM CTOJIe n03Ta.
CJIOBO «CH6Hpb» HeOHOKpaTHO 3BY'tIHT B ee TeKCTe. IIo
rYCHHbIM nepOM pOmaeTCSI TpareHSI, paBHOH KOTOpOH He
6yeT B XIX BeKe, - «BopHc rOYHOB». ,IJ:eHcTBHe ee npo-
HCXOHT TO B JIHTBe, TO B IIOJIbllIe, TO B MOCKBe, HO 3a BceM
3THM He3pHMO CTOHT CH6Hpb. BOT, HanpHMep, Cn;eHa B n;ap-
CKHX narraTax. QapeBH'tI CPeop rOYHOB, CKJIOHeHHbIH Ha
'tIepTemOM 3eMJIH MOCKOBCKOH: «Halle n;apCTBO H3 KpaSl B
KpaH. BOT, BHHllIb, TYT MOCKBa, TYT HOBropo, TYT ACT-
paxaHb. BOT Mope. BOT nepMcKHe peMY'tIHe JIeca, a BOT
CH6Hpb.. . »
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BXOHJI B IIepMcKHH KpaH, 'tIepe3 peMY'tIHe JIeca KOToporo
BeJIH nYTH B CH6Hpb. MHMO IIeJIbIMa - no nYTH CPeopa
Kyp6cKoro, HJIH 'tIepe3 BepxoTYPbe - no nYTH EpMaKa.
CTarr 6bI IIYllIKHH onHCbIBaTb 3TY peBHIOIO, COCTaBJIeH-
HYIO B Ha'tlaJIe XVII BeKa, KapTY, eCJIH 6bI TO'tlHO He aHaJI 0
ee peaJIbHOM cym;ecTBOBaHHH. .H .n;YMaIO, HeT. ,IJ:o HallIHX
.n;HeH OllIJIH Be TaKHe KapTbI, COCTaBJIeHHbIe rOYHOBbIM
B pa3HbIe rObI. B JIaTHHCKOH JIereH.n;e K O.n;HOH H3 HHX, OT-
neqaTaHHOH B 1613 ro.n;y B AMcTepaMe, npHMO rOBopHT-
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6bIJIa Hane'tlaTaHa B MOCKBe B 1668 ro.n;y no YKaay n;apH
AJIeKCeH MHxaHJIoBH'tIa: « 176 ro.n;a HOH6pH B 15 .n;eHb, no
YKa3Y n;apH H BeJIHKoro KHH3H AJIeKCeH MHxaHJIoBH'tIa,
BceH BeJIHKaH H MaJIbIH H BeJIbIH POCCHH caMo.n;epmn;eB,
a6HpaH ceH 'tIepTem B To6oJIbCKY aa CBH.n;eTeJIbCTBOM BCH-

303
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KHX qHHOB JI1O,n;eH, KOTOpble B CH6HPCKHX BO BCeX ropo-
,n;ax H OCTpOraX KTO r,n;e 6blBaJI H'rOpO,n;KH H OCTpOrH H ypo-
qHID;a H ,n;OpOrH H aeMJIH aHa10T nO,n;JIHHHO, H KaKHe XO,n;bl
OT ropo,n;a,n;o ropo,n;a, ,n;a OT CJI060,n;bl ,n;o CJI060,n;bl, H ,n;0 KO-
TOpOrO MeCTa H ,n;OpOrH H aeMJIH H ypOqHID;a H ,n;0 aeMeJIb B
CKOJIbKY ,n;HeH H CKOJIbKY ea,n;y H BepCT, H r,n;e Me:>K CJI060,n;
T060JIbCKOrO yea,n;y nOCTpOHTb OT npHXO,n;y BOHHCKHX JI1O-
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qa rO,n;YHOBa C TOBapHID;H, KaKHe KpenOCTH H no CKOJIbKY
qeJIOBeK B KOTOpOM KpenOCTH noca,n;HTb ,n;parYH, K KaKOM
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:>K,n;o KHTaH, H TO nHcaHO B qepTe:>K nopoaHb, CO CTaTbHMH
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co,n;ep:>KaJIa H onHcaHHe qepTe:>Ka nepBOH KapTbl CH6HpH.
,D:OJIroe BpeMH caM qepTe:>K CqHTaJICH YTepHHHblM ,n;o Tex
nop, nOKa ero He OTblCKaJI Hop,n;eHllIeJIb,n; B CTOKrOJIbMCKOM
rocy,n;apCTBeHHOM apXHBe, C HMnHCHMH, nepeBe,n;eHHblMH
Ha IlIBe,n;CKHH HablK. B mBeH1O STOT qepTe:>K nonaJI qepea
nocpe,n;CTBO KJIaca 1l0raHHa IIp1OTa, COCTOHBllIero npH
IlIBe,n;CKOM nOCOJIbCTBe B MocKBe B 1668-1669 ro,n;ax.
IIp1OT aanHCaJI B CBoeM ,n;HeBHHKe: «IIpHJIo:>KeHHY1O JIaH,n;-
KapTY CH6HpH H nOrpaHHqHblX C HeH CTpaH H CKOnHpOBaJI
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311
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3 12
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JIeJI H3BJIeW;H ero, eBa hIlIIyw;a H 06HTH...» ITo BCeMY
BHHO, qTO KpOMelIIHHKH - 3TO H3BeCTHhIe HaM OnpHqHH-
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HhIX CJIOB B TpareHH ITYlIIKHHa H <cCKa3aHHHX» Kyp6cKO-
ro He MomeT 6hITh CJIyqaHHhIM H aeT OCHOBaHHe npeno-
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caHp CepreeBHq HCnOJIb30BaJI H <c CKa3aHHH KHH3H
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BbIM: <c...B JIeTOnHC.HX CTapaJICH yraaTh 06pa3 MbICJIeH H
H3hIK ToralIIHero BpeMeHH, - H npH6aBJI.HJI: - HCTOqHH-
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HCTOqHHKH. OH nOTBepmaeT CBoe 3HaKOMCTBO C JIeTOnH-
CHMH Kyp6cKoro B nHChMe K H.H. PaeBcKoMY (1827):
<c...xapaKTep ITHMeHa He eCTh Moe H306peTeHHe. B HeM...
co6paJI.H qepTbI, nJIeHHBlIIHe MeH.H B HalIIHX CTaphIX JIeTO.
nHCHX, COBeplIIeHHoe OTCYTCTBH cyeTHocTH, npHCTpac-
TH.H - hIlliaT B CHX parOn;eHHbIX naM.HTHHKaX BpeMeH
aBHO MHHYBlIIHX, Memy KOHMH o3JIo6JIeHHaH (mecTOKa.H)
JIeTOnHCh (o3JIo6JIeHHOrO HoaHHOBa H3rHaHHHKa OHa HO-
CHT Ha ce6e qym)J;oe KJIeHMo) KH. Kyp6cKoro OTJIHqaeTC.H OT

313
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npOtlHX JIeTOnHCeH, KaK 6YPHaH .iKH3Hb MOaHHa H3rH. OT-
JIHtlaJIaCh OT.. . CMHpeHHOH .iKH3HH 6e3MHTemHDIX HHOKOB».
HanpaWHBaeTCH BbIBO, tlTO IIywKHH tlHTaJI «CKa3a-
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tlaJIe XIX BeKa cnHCKOB C ero PYKonHCH. Cpe,n;H HHX JIyq-
WHM H HaH60JIee coxpaHHhlM CtlHTaJICH cnHCOK Bcex TBope-
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CHHO,D;aJIhHOH 6H6JIHOTeKe. pyroH, 60JIee ,D;ocTynHDIH, C
3arJIaBHeM «KHHra 0 pa3HblX npOHcweCTBHHX co BpeMeH
BeJIHKOrO KHH3H BaCHJIHH MoaHHoBHtla», XpaHHJICH B MM-
nepaTopcKoH ny6JIHtlHOH 6H6JIHOTeKe. 06paTHM oc060e
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Ha BaCHJIheBHtla MOCKoBcKoro H BceH POCCHH » .
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B HeM TaK .iKe, KaK H B ynoMHHYTOM Bhlwe, eCTh CTapHH-
HbIH nepeBO,n; COtlHHeHHH rBaHhHHH.
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Bop03,n;HHCKHH, pa3MepOM B JIHCT, B Tpex tlaCTHX, no,n; 3ar"
JIaBHeM: «KoBtler PYCCKOH npaB,n;bl, HJIH KHHra B MHpe Bhl-
THH npOWJIDIX cOKpoBeHHeHwHx JIeT. mH3HeonHcaHHH Be-
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HHKOMY He H3BeCTHhlX HCTOpHH POCCHHCKOH ». HeCMOTpH
Ha CTOJIh CTpaHHoe 3arJIaBHe, 3TOT cnHCOK HMeeT npeHMY-
eCTBa nepe)]; npOqHMH TeM, tlTO OH BepeH H nOJIOH. B HeM

i
314
TaKjKe HaXOHTCH rrepeBO 60JIhmeH qaCTH rBaHhHHHeBa
«OrrHcaHHH MOCKOBHH», H3-3a KOToporo, c06CTBeHHO, HaM
H rrpHmJIOCh H3yqHTh 6Horpa<}JHH IIHMeHa H Kyp6cKHX. Cy-
w;eCTBOBaJIO ew;e HeCKOJIhKO rro06HhIX crrHCKOB, H rrepe-
qHCJIHTh HX He 6yeM. QHTaTeJIh, HaBepHoe, 06paTHJI BHH-
MaHHe, qTO K «CKa3aHHHM» Kyp6cKoro CTpaHHhIM 06pa-
30M rrpHcoBoKyrrHJIOCh «OrrHcaHHe MOCKOBHH» rrOJIhCKOrO
mJIHXTHqa H Bpara POCCHH A.neccaHpo rBaHhHHH, HarrH-
caHHoe HM B 1578 roy. 8TO 06CTOHTeJIhCTBO HeMaJIOBajK-
HO JIH Hamero HCCJIeOBaHHH, rrOCKOJIhKY HMeeT rrpHMoe
OTHomeHHe H K JIYKOMOPhlO, H K apCTBY CJIaBHOrO Carr-
TaHa.
HacTarra rropa CKa3aTh HeCKOJIhKO CJIOB 06 A.neccaHpo
rBaHhHHH,rrOJIOHH3HpoBaHHOMHTaJIhHHe,coBpeMeHHH-
Ke AHpeH Kyp6cKoro, BoeHHOM aMHHHCTpaTope H rrHca-
TeJIe. B BOHCKax CTe<}JaHa BaTopHH OH BOeBaJI rrpOTHB MOJI-
aBHH H POCCHH, qeThIpHaaTh JIeT HaqaJIhCTBOBarr B BH-
Te6cKe, a Ha CKJIOHe JIeT Bpyr 3aHHJICH JIHTepaTYPoH. Ero
« OrrHcaHHe EBporreHcKoH CapMaTHH» H B HeM CBeeHHH 0
CH6HPH, IOrpe, 06ope, KOHHH, JIYKOMophe 60JIhmelO
qaCThlO rrOBTopHlOT rep6epmTeHHa H pyrHx aBTopOB H
rrpHYKpameHhI MaJIOBepOHTHhIMH, rrOXO:>KHMH Ha CKa3KH,
rrop06HOCTHMH. COqHHeHHH rBaHhHHH HMeJIH Ha PYCH mH-
POKYlO H3BeCTHOCTh H He pa3 rrepeBOHJIHCh Ha PYCCKHH
H3hIK ew;e B XVII BeKe, 0 qeM rrHCaJI A.H. C060JIeBCKHH B
CBoeM Tpye «IIepeBoHaH JIHTepaTypa MOCKOBCKOH PYCH».
B 1653 roy, rro apCKOMY YKa3Y, KHH3h PerrHHH-060-
JIeHCKHH KyrrHJI B IIoHhIHe COqHHeHHH rBaHhHHH, a rraTpH-
apx HHKOH rropyqHJI rrepeBeCTH HX Ha PYCCKHH H3hIK. BJIa-
roapH rBaHhHHH CBeeHHH CeMeHa Kyp6cKoro 0 IOrpe H

_315
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JIYKOMopbe, 3aHeCeHHOe HM B 6eCCJIeHO YTpaqeHHbIH «,n:O-
pOmHHK », 06JIeTeB BClO EBporry, CHOBa BepHY JIHCb B rrpH-
YKpaIIIeHHOM BHe B POCCHIO.
ITo HpOHHH cYb6bI, BHOBb rrepeBeeHHbIe Ha PYCCKHH
H3bIK, OHH CTaJIH rrpHJIOmeHHeM K rrpOH3BeeHHlO Pyroro
Kyp6cKoro - A.HpeH.
rBaHbHHH, OrrHCbIBaH MHOrHe qyeca CeBepa, B TOM qHC-
JIe KOJIYHOB H 30JIOTYlO Ba6y - rrp006pa3 .HrH, coo6w;aJI:
«06JIaCTb JIYKOMOpbe THHeTCH JIHHHOH rrOJIOCOH rrOJIe
CeBepHOrO MOpH; ee 06HTaTeJIH mHBYT 6e3 BCHKHX rrOCTpO-
eK B JIeCaX H rrOJIHX... ».
qHTaH JIeTOrrHCH Kyp6cKorO, ITYIIIKHH HHKaK He Mor
rrporrYCTHTb H rrpHJIOmeHHOe K HHM COqHHeHHe rBaHbH-
HH. Cl>aHTaCTHqeCKHe 06pa3bI H TaHHCTBeHHoe OqapOBa-
HHe JIYKOMOPbH 3arrOMHHJIHCb H, pa60TaH Ha «CKa3KOH
o ape CaJITaHe», OH HCrrOJIb3yeT STY HHcpopMaHlO.
« Y JIYKOMOPbH », B KOTOpOM MbI BCTpeqaeM Tex me repo-
eB, qTO H B « CKa3Ke», OJImHO 6bIJIO CTaTb rrpOJIOrOM-
rrpHCKa3KOH K HeH. « Y JIYKOMOPbH» HarrHcaHO PyrHM
pa3MepOM, qeM «CKa3Ka», qTO BrrOJIHe orrYCTHMO JIH
rrpOJIora. K TOMY me H caMa «CKa3Ka» H3HaqaJIbHO rrH-
CaJIaCb B rrOJIYCTHXOTBopHOH-rrOJIyrrpo3aHqeCKOH cpopMe
H JIHIIIb rrOCJIe OJIrHX pa3YMHH rrpHo6peJIa TOT BH, KO-
TOpbIH HMeeT Terrepb.
« Y JIYKOMOPbH» HarrHcaHO JIH «CKa3KH» B TPMHHHX
rrpHCKa3KH, YTOqHHlOw;eH BpeMH H MeCTO eHCTBHH: «B He-
KOTOpOM apCTBe, B TpHeBHTOM rocyapCTBe... » JIerKHH
Ha HMrrpOBH3aHlO, IIYIIIKHH rrOMeCTHJI « Y JIYKOMOPbH» BO
BTopoe H3aHHe « PYCJIaHa H JIlOMHJIbI » - « CKa3Ka» 6bIJIa
em;e He 3aKOHqeHa.

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B pa3BHTHH HaWeH BepCHH MomHO npHBeCTH HeMaJIO
u
OKa3aTeJIhCTB, HO .n;aBaHTe OCTaHOBHMCH H 3a,n;YMaeMCH: 0
tleM HaM MomeT rOBOpHT:b cOBoKynHOCT:b H3JIOmeHHhIX
BbIwe CBe.n;eHHH, 06CTOHTeJIhCTB, npHMhIX H KOCBeHHhIX
.n;OKa3aTeJIhCTB oco6oro HHTepeca IIywKHHa K CH6HPH, ero
npe.n;pacnOJIOmeHHOCTH K cH6HPCKOH TeMe B TBOptIeCTBe, oc-
HOBaHHOH Ha rJIy6oKoM 3HaHHH cH6HpCKOH HCTOpHH H reo-
rpatPHH. IIpem.n;e Bcero 0 TOM, tITO, rOBopH 0 IIywKHHe no-
3Te, MbI He .n;OJImHhI 3a6hIBaT:b 0 IIywKHHe reorpa<pe, IIyw-
KHHe HCTopHKe H KpaeBe.n;e. H TPYHO CKa3aT:b, tlero B HeM
6hIJIO 60JIblIle H Koro B ero JIHe nOTepHJIa POCCHH, B 60JI:b-
u
weH CTeneHH - yqeHOrO HJIH n03Ta.
HeT OCHOBaHHH COMHeBaT:bCH B CH6HPCKOH npapo.n;HHe
nYIIIKHHCKHX «JIYKOMOPhH» H .CKa3KH 0 ape CaJITaHe».
HCnOJI:b3YH .n;JIH 3THX npOH3BeeHHH CIOmeT:bI MH<pOB, 6:bI-
JIHH H CKa30K, OH o.n;eB8.JI HX B . cH6HpCKHe o.n;em.n;hI», npH-
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TaHe» - He CKa3Ka 0 CH6HPH, a CKa3Ka, HanHcaHHaH no
CH6HpCKHM MOTHBaM, C HCnOJI:b30BRHHeM HCTOpHtIeCKHX H
reorpa<pHqeCKHX HCTOtlHHKOB.
Hy BOT H 3aMKHYJIOCh nOCJIe.n;Hee 3BeHO B ,n;JIHHHOH enH
CKa3aHHH: rlOpHTa POrOBHtI - CeMeH Kyp6cKHH - CHrH3-
MYH.n; rep6epWTeHH - AneccaH.n;po rBaH:bHHH - AH.n;peH
Kyp6cKHH - AneKcaH.n;p IIYIIIKHH. onHcaHO nOCJIe.n;Hee
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tleM, nOCJIe.n;Hee JIH? CKOJI:bKO ee HeH3Be.n;aHH:bIX TaHH
m,n;YT CBoero qaca H CBOHX OTKp:bIBaTeJIeH! D:eJIb 3TOH KHH-
rH - rro,n;BHrHYT:b HatlHHalOW;HX KpaeBe,u;OB Ha rrYT:b n03Ha-
HHSI TpH.n;eBHToro CaJITaHOBa apCTBa. ITYCKaH He Bce B HeM
6eccnopHO Ha rrepB:bIH B3r JIH)J; - nonpo6yA HaRTH CBOH nYTb

317
i
n03HaHHH. CMeJIee cTynaH no HeBe,n;OMOH ,n;opO:>KKe, MOM:
npHHTeJIb. MHorHe qy,n;eca O:>KH,n;aIOT Te6H Bnepe.l(H.
ITYCKaH MHoroe H3MeHHJIOCb HblHe B HallIeM CKa30QHOM
JIYKOMopbe. Ho, KaK H npem,n;e, JIeTHT H ,n;peBHeH 3eMJIeM:
IOrpbl KpHKJIHBble rycH-JIe6e,n;H, H BH,n;HO JiM C BbICOTbl, KaK,
no,n;o6HO rHraHTCKOMY JIYKY, HanpHrJIaCb OT CyprYTa ,n;o
HM6ypra nOJIHOrpy,n;aH KpacaBHa 06b, 06HHMaH JIYKOMO-
pbe co BceMH ero qy,n;ecaMH. II,n;YT Kopa6JIH MHMO OCTpOBa
BYHHa. II Mbl 3,n;ecb mHBeM.
1979-2003


CO.IJ:EP)KAHHE
Harr-yTCTBHe ................................................................... 3
BCTynJIeHHe Ha Tporry ..................................................... 11
BepCTa nepBaH
JIereH.n;a 0 30JIOTOH Ba6e (BMecTo npHcKa3KH) .................. 36
BepcTa BTopaH
IToKopHTeJIb IOrpbI .................................................... 41
BepCTa TpeTbH
B CTpaHe CypOBOH H yrplOMOH ............................ . . . . . . . . . .. 49
BepCTa'tleTBepTaH
CH6HpCKHe repOCTpaTbI ............................................... 55
BepCTa nHTaH
ITo HeBe.n;oMoH .n;opomKe .............................................. 61
BepCTa IIIeCTaH
Y JIIO.n;oe.n;KH ............................................................. 70
BepCTa ce.n;bMaH
meCTOKHH apb ........................................................ 71
BepCTa BOCbMaH
Haii, CopHH-HaH H HaHHa ........................................... 78
BepCTa .n;eBHTaH
IJ;apeBHa- JIHryIIIKa .................................................... 88
BepCTa .n;eCHTaH
illaMaHbI H 3KCTpaceHCbI ............................................. 9 7
BepCTao.n;HHHaTaH
OTe HrH ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1 0 2
BepCTa.n;BeHaTaH
Hra - KocTHHaH Hora H HMa - BJIbIKa MepTBbIX ........ 112
BepcTaTpHHaTaH
BorHHH OXOTbI ........................................................ 124

_319
i
BepCTa qeTbIpHa.n;aTaH
XpaHHTeJIb 30JIOTOH Ba6bI ........................................ 133
BepcTanHTHa.n;aTaH
TaM JIeIIIHH 6PO.n;HT .................................................. 142
BepCTa IIIeCTHaTaH
Bepe30BCKoe qy.n;HIIJ;e ................................................ 155
BepCTaceMHaTaH
CJIe.n; K JIYKOMOpblO .................................................. 163
BepCTa BoceMHaTaH
Po.n; ITYIIIKHHbIX MHTemHbIH ....................................... 175
BepcTa.n;eBHTHaTaH
rocy.n;apeBa TaMomHH ............................................... 188
BepCTa .n;BaTaH
ITo MOplO, no OKHHHY ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 203
BepCTa.n;BaTbnepBaH
't.{y.n;HbIH OCTpOB ....................................................... 208
BepCTa .n;BaTb BTopaH
B qemye, KaK map, ropH ............................................ 213
BepCTa.n;Ba.n;aTbTpeTbH
't.{eM BbI, rOCTH, Topr Be.n;eTe? ...................................... 21 7
BepcTa .n;Ba.n;aTb qeTBepTaH
OH BbI, KOHH 6YPbI-CHBbI. .. ........................................ 227
BepCTa .n;BaTb nHTaH
KHH310 npH6bIJIb - 6eJIKe qeCTb .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 236
BepcTa .n;BaTb meCTaH
,
Sa MopeM apeBHa eCTb ..... . ... . .... .. . . .. .... .. . .. . .. . .... .... .... 245
BepCTa .n;BaTb ce.n;bMaH
MeCH no.n; KOCOH .................................................... 251
BepCTa .n;BaTb BOCbMaH
TaM qy.n;eca. .. ......................................................... 256
BepCTa .n;BaTb .n;eBHTaH
CJIe.n;bI HeBH.n;aHHbIX 3BepeH ................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 262
BepcTa TpH.n;aTaH
IT pOpOKOB HeT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 268
BepCTa TpH.n;aTb nepBaH
Cpe.n;H .n; OJIHHbI pOBHbIH. .. .......................................... 2 79
BepCTaTpH.n;aTbBTopaH
3JIaTaH eIIb .......................................................... 285
BepCTa TpH.n;aTb TpeTbH
,n:eJIa .n;aBHO MHHYBIIIHX .n;HeH ...................................... 300

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ISBN 978-5-9533-2277-5
1111 I
9 785953 322775

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