Текст
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B HaH60JIee BJIHHTe.TJbHbIX CBHTI1JIHW.3X OT HMeHH HMnepaTopa npOBo.a.H- JIHCb 60rOCJIY>KeHI1H 0 3amHTe CTpaHbI. B 1863 r. HMnepa- TOp COBepWHJI 6ecnpeue.a.eHTHblH B HCTOpHH .LI.Bopa aKT: JIH4HO nOCeTHJI HeCKOJIbKO KpynHbJX CBHTHJIHW B KHOTO, rLLe B03Hec MOJIHTBbl 06 «H3rHaHHH BapBapoB». B npeLLwecTBY- IOLUHe CBep>KeHHIO cerYHaTa rOLLbI YBeJIH4H.Jlacb 3KOHOMH4e- CKaH no.a.LLep>KKa CBHTI1JIHW. co CTOpOHbl LLBopa. no YKa3a- HI1IO HMnepaTopa BOCCTaHaBJIHBaJIaCb npaKTHKa npOBe.a.e- HHH 3a6bITbiX 06pHLLOB. Kypc Ha B03BblweHHe CHHTO, npOBOLLHBIl1H kH OT HMeHH IiMnepaTopa, nOJIY411JI nOLLLLepm:KY B pHLLe KHHmeCTB. O.il- HOBpe:vteHHO YCHJIHJIOCb aHTH6y.a..J.HHCKoe LLBH>KeHHe. KHH3b CHI\ HI .a.3Y, ynpaBJIHBWI1H pacnOJIO>KeHHblM Ha KpaHHeM lOre O-Ba KIOCIO KHH>KeCTBOM CaUYMa, aaHBH.l, 4TO 5lnoHHH .aOJI>KHa CJIe.ilOBaTb no nYTH HMnepaTopa, a 6YLLLLI1HCKI1H 3aKOH CTpaHe He HymeH (74, c. 82). Ero nOJIHTHKa B OTHO- weHHH 6Y.ilLLH3Ma 6blJIa CTOJIb paLLHKaJIbHOH, 4TO B Te4eHHe 4eTblpex JIeT, Ha4HHaH C 1865 r., Bce 6YLLLLHfIcKHe xpaMbl B KHHmeCTBe 6blvl11 YHH4TO>KeHbl. MeHee paD.HKaJIbHble Mepbl B OTHoweHHH 6YLLJJ.H3Ma npHHHJIH BJIaCTH KHH>KeCTBa UYBaHo Ha 3anaD.e O-Ba XOHCIO, HO 11 3LLeCb K 1867 r. .aefl- TeJIbHOCTb 6YD..ilI1HCKoro LLyxoBeHcTBa 6wJIa 3H3411TeJIbHO orpaHH4eHa (77, c. 55-56). AKTHBHO Y4aCTBOBaBWHe B aHTHd rYHcKoM LLBHmeHHI1 npOCTble caMypaH, .n.epeBeHCKHe 60ra4H, CeJIbCKHe ToprO B - UbI, CHHTOI1CTCKoe .n.YXOBeHCTBO Haxo.n.HJIHCb no.a. BJIHHHl1eM H.aeH «WKOJIbl MHTO» HJIH >Ke KOHuenUHH «B03pomLLeH H R. CHHTO .apeBHOCTH». Bblpa311TeJIH 3THX B3r on HLLOB nocone CBep- eHHH cerYHaTa cTa 11 onpe.ileJIHTb KYpC HOBoro npaBI1- TeJIbCTBa B OTHoweHHH peJIl1rHH. ECTecTBeHHo, OH 6bIJ1 120 a 06eCfIe4eHHe CHHTO rocnOJJ.CTBYIOw.ero nOJIO- I-IaIlpaBJIeH H rHX peJ1HrHH, H3 ero npeBpameHHe B rocy- )lZeHl15I cpe,LU 1 .llP J1 H rHIO. n pH 3TOM PYKOBO.ilHliI.He H;:J,eH ap CTBeHHYlO p T u n p OCHHTOHCTCKHe 3JIeMeHTbI 4epnaJlH Jl " TeJ1bHOC t'l 6 csoel1 ,l1.e5I JI 60KOH .llpeBHocTH, nblTa51Cb TaKHM 0 pa30M H3 I1 CTO pHH I' Y w.ecTBHTb npHHllHn B03BpameHHH Ha KTHKe ocy ..13 npa H JJ.peBHoCTH». «IlyTb 5lno HH e BbIX aKTOB HOBoro npaBHTeJIbCTBa B 06 'la O;:LHHM H3 n P 0 B0 3B p ameHHH K cYlil..ecTBoBaBweH 6bIJ1 yK33 cTl-I peJIHrHH U CTeMe e JJ. HHCTBa P eJIHrH03Horo pHTya- " a nOHHH Cn . ( oJ oJ B ,l1.peBHeH F1 eHHH rocY.llapCTBeHHbIMH JJ.eJIaMI1 caHC3H J1a H ynpaBJ1 e JJ. HHCTBa peJIHrHH H nOv'IHTHKH, bIM H CJ10BaMH, HTTH), flH oJ 13 Ma Ta 1868 r. OpH 3TOM npaBHTev'Ib- ony6JIHKOBaH HblH cB e pell1eHHe CCblJIKOH Ha TO, 4TO CTBO 060CH B I aJ10 6bIJI YCTaHOBJIeH nepBblM HMnepaTO- npHHUHn caHC3H HTTH pOM nOHHH JJ.3HMMY. npeTBopHTbCfI B >KH3Hb. Y>Ke YKa3 HeMeJJ.JIeHHO Ha4aJ1 6blJIa npOBe.il eHa peJIHrH- H3 CJIe.a.YlOlllHH JJ.eHb BO JJ.BOpU. e "u Mnep aTO p «npHrJla- xOJJ.e KOTOpOH n ' 03HaH uepeMOHH5I, B P OH3Hec nepeJI HHI\HI He6a H 3eMJIH, n CHB» 60meCTBa BWY IO neKJIapaUHlO .ilefl- n p eJJ.CTaBJIH p.. K.J1HTBY, no cyllleCTBY Uep eMOHHH 6bIJIa npo- a BHTeJIbCTBa. M TeJIbHOCTH HOBoro np eB «WKO..lbl HTO», n p HBepmeHU oJ Be.ileHa no npeJJ.JIOmeHHIO Cl B JIfieTCH «CTpaHOH TO 5lnoHHH Tl CebIJIaBWHXCH Ha TO, 4 aTb B Kypce Bcex Ba>K- 60rOB» a n03TOMY HX CJIeLLyeT .ilepm cTpaH bl ( 74, c. 86) , U B mH3HH HblX nOJII1TH4eCKHX C06bITHH Kp oBeH Ho pe.rmrl1- 06'beKTOM OT KaK 3TO HH napa.ilOKCaJIbHO, 6 JI .ll OK y MeHT, B KOTO- . M CJI y 4ae bI 0- 03HOH ue p eMoHHH B LLaHHO e 06XO.llHMOCTb n JIawaJIaCb H 6 e- pOM B 4aCTHOCTH, npOB03r WJIoro» H «npHO p KOH I1Tb C «LLypHbIMH 06bl4aHMH bI YKpenHTb OCHOBbl TaTb 3HaHHH nOBCIO.ilY B MHP JIbKO JIHeH cnycTfi BO HMnepaTopCKoro npaBJIeHH H ». eCKO 3BaH HblH npOJleMOH- .ilBo p u.e I1MeJI MeCTO ellle OLLHH aKT, npl1 C UCTeMe e.ilI-IHCTBa P alUeHHe K n HO CTpHpOBaTb Ha npaKTHKe B03B DbIJIO npOBeJl.e pl1Tya a H ynpaBJIeHHH rOCYJIapCTBOM nepaTopCKOMY BO- 60rOCJI Y >KeHHe 0 .n.apOBaHHI1 n06eJIbi H U x con p OTHBJIeHUe Jl. 0J1 )K a B W n HHCTBY B 60pb6e npOTI1B npo CTOpOHHI1KOB cerYHa. He TOJ1bKO Ha B03Bpa- HOBoe n p aBI1TeJIbCTBO B3HJI0 Kype ap CTBa HO 11 Ha ero roeYJI ' 3 a p Ta lUeHI1e K npl1HUl1naM LLpeBH YKa3 aT 1 M _ peBI1TaJII13aUI11O ero flHCTHTYTOB. e JI 311HOIK3H - yn aHOBJIeHI1 co- 1868 I' n p OB03r JI a W aJI BOceT Hb lX 60)KeCTB, 6 IX H 3eM IOllI.He paB,T1eHHH no .ile..1aM He eCHb 0 B noeJ1eJlY 3.ilaHHoro ew.e B Ha4aJIe VI II B., H ey UleeTBOBaBw ero BJIHHHHe 11 l-uoJ1e CTOlleTI1H YTpaTI1Bwero CBoe opeH B )KH3Hb B JIHWb HOMI1HallbHO. YKa3 6bIJI npeTB 121