4' ";Y3EH
-. .......


n 0 A P 8A a K q M 8 it:
naypeaTa neHMHCKoi
M rocy
apCTB8HHOM
npeMMM,
rIHepan-neMTeHaHTa-MHIK8Kepa
10. M. AHAPMAHOBA.
HonneKTMBHblM
K 0 H C Y n b T a H T:
BOeHHO-MCTOpM'IeCKMM MY3eM
apTMnnepMM, MHlKeHepHblX BOMCK
M BOMCK CBJl3M.

BTOP - AOKTOP T8XHMileCKMX
HaYK,
npoilleccop B. r. MAnMHOB:
XYAOIKHMK - B. H. 6APbIWEB.


A
':.. ..
\
f


.,


..


,..


c:c: B


AETO 6863...»


,23 aBry,cTa 1982 rOAa ry Hac TOp-
JKeCTBeHHO OT,Menll114 3HaMeHaTenb-
HYIO Aal'Y - 600-neTolole OTe'leCT1leH-
HOM apTl4nnepl4,l4. OAHaKO Y 'II4TitTeneM
MOJKeT B03HI4KHYT& Bonpoc: nO'ieMY
I4CTOpl4KI4 OCTaHOBII4,n,IICb I4MeH'HO Ha
nOM AaTel
AnR Toro 'IT06bl OTBeTI4Tb,' npllAeT-
CR 06paTIITbcR K IICTOplll4. B TOT aB-
rYCTOBCKI4M AeHb 1382 rOAa PycCKl4e
BOHHbl BnepBble ycnewHo BBenH B
60M apTHnnepHIO. OTpaJKaR npHcTy,nbl
ocaAHBwHx ropoA OPAIoIH'4eB, MOCKBH-
'IH, KaK CKa3aHO B neTonHcH, «TlOqJR-
KI4 nyll.\axy Ha HR, HHbie 013 caMOCTpen
CTpenRXY 01 nopOKH wH6axy, HHbie
nywKH BenHKHe nYll.\axy».
nORBneHHe HOBoro OPYJKHR Ha Py-
CH 6blno BnonHe 3aKoHoMepHo 01 HC-
TOpH'IeCKH 06ycnoBneHo. El.L\e B X' 'Be-
Ke APYJKHHHHKH KHR3eM I-1ropR 14 eBR-
TocnaBa, HOBropoAcKHe paTHHKH WI4-
pOKO npHMeHRnH B 60RX MeTaTenbHble
MaWHHbl. XonoAHoe 0pYJKHe 14 MeTan-
nH'IeCKHe AocnexH, H3rOTOBneHHbie
KY3HeL\aMH-opYJKeMH HKaMH, 143AaBHa
QOnb30Ban14Cb orpoMHblM cnpOCOM- B
eJleoAanbHblx cTpaH8x BocToKa 14 3a-
naAa. .< cepeAHHe XIV BeKa B CTonH-
4e MOCKoBcKoro KHRJKeCTBa HanaAHnl4
npoH3BoACTBO nopoxa. 'KaK BHAHTe, K
:JTOMY BpeMeHH Ha PYCH CnOJKHnaCb
MaTepHanbHaR 6a3a AnR pa3BHTHR ap-
THnneplol. A06aBHM, '1TO npaKTl4'1eCKI4
BceM PYCCKHM KHRJKeCTB8M npHxoAH-


no Ha3Ha'leH141O OPYAHR AenHnHcb ,Ha
HeOKonbKO THnOB. AnHHHOCTBOnbHble
(AO 1,7 M) nl4l.1.\anH ,Kanl4,6pOM 30-
40 MM nOpaJKanH OTKpblTble 4en14 Ha-
CTHl1'bHblM orHeM. 1-13 TIy,weK, '1eM Ka-
nH6p AOCTHran 60 MM, a Anl4Ha CTBO-
na He npeBblwana Me-rpa, Benl4 npH-
4enbHbiM 141114 HitBeCHOM orOHb 'KaMeH-
HblMH I4nH JKeJTe3HblMH RApaMI4 no,
YXPblTblM l.\enRM. 1-13 KOpOTKOCTBonb-
HbIX, HO KpynHoKanH6epHbiX (Ao 75 MM)
TlOqJRKOI} nywKapH paccTpen,l4Banl4
AP060M (KapTe'lblO) BpaJKecKYIO ne-
XOTY.
eTpeMHTeIlbHOe pa3BHT14e apTHnne-
pHH B MOCKOBCKOM KHRJKeCTSe 06ec-
ne'lI4BanOCb AanbHOBI4AHOM nonHTHKoM
rOCYAapCTBeHH!>IX AeRTeneM H TBOp'le-
CKOM MIoICnbl9 {(XI4Tpe40B orHeHHoro
60R» -
nywe'lHI4'KOB, nI4TeM,l.I.\l4xoB,
KY3He40B. K I4X '1Hcny OTHOCHnCR 3Ha-
MeHI4TblM MacTep jI'KOB, OTI1'HB'WHM B
1491 rOAY 3aMe'laTenbHYlO 01"10 60eB,blM
Ka'leCTBaM 6pOH30BYlO TIl4l.L\anb, opy-
JKeMHHK naBen Ae60cl4c, H3rOTOIlI4B-
WHM a 1488 TOAY caMYIO /nepBYIO
4 a pb-nywKY.
«Ha pycl4 OTnHBalOT CTonb 60l1-bWHe
'1yrYHHble nYWKI4, - .f1l4can B 1576 1"0-
AY nocon 8BCTp14MCKOrO l4
nep8Top8
MaKCI4MHnHaHa, - '1TO BOI4H B nonHOM
BoopYJKeHHI4, CTORBWHM Ha Aile ee,
He Mor AOCTaTb PYKOM AO KpaR». A B
«OnHcaHHH noconbCTBa KneMHa», OT-


A

sWoL


 r
"

M\A,

 tw:A.
ocJn t"IO

.


c
""m

 ......1t:M1 .u.-

........

.it lit;


'f
It IIA 1!40. 4 ...

J
I
1\'Tb
II

(.

Mli" 'II)'''' 10WIIt
J...
Xf'i

A (


,


.


I:


-..' .
...


..
.....


I')
..-/


-


t



 'fe-'" .


3


.
-/






«



41.
.,. J
":,/

.\
tC Ct\
 'f;"
 ) '\ "
1t;v., «

"
"') I..L.
 I.
 .- ',it .: It... ,t..
III

" \
.
 '(' 4 ,"
.' '{ 'I..,fj ." \1...1: " A '
..aiil \. . J' ;',. .. 1-- "
-
.::
 rrfi

1 ' f:i'L l\. ..,J

'
 ' # " . ,c."ll'
;"''''

' J<t .
.,_
..
 .
 ,;
J.. t
',
" , -
 -... *
, t\ ..
:,

'tJ "'. "......
,"
r ·
; \ A
' ; . /1./ .':. . I
. .
,... J:-. ' "
;,,' '
. I'
 ,
,: ,,"' t:
'.
 I ,
.'
... {(If. if ,.
 'f.
"'"

"- . \ j \\\\\'
 ....

'"
. ,) ).



;:-L


.'


'"


,.- ,.


'
-


.


tf",


r .".



.''''. '


2


'"


4


'"


)}; I






w


nOCb BeCTH HenpepblBHble 060POHH-
TenbHble BOMHbl npOTHB OXO'lHX AO '1Y-
JKHX 3eMenb cynocTaTOB, HaCTynaBwHx
C pa3HbiX CTOpOH. 06eCne'lHTb )l(e
HaAe).KHYIO 060POHY KHJI)I(eCTB, crpyn-
nHpOBaBWHXCJI K XIV CToneTHIO BO-
Kpyr MOCKBbl, MornH TonbKO XoppWO
O
Y'IeHHble BOMCKa, oCHaLLleHHbie HO-
BeMWHM AnJl CBoeM 3nOXH opY)I(HeM.
a.1M OKa3anaCb apTHnnepHJI.
J1eTonHce4 BOCKpeceHCKoro MOHa

CTblpJl OTMe'lan, '1TO «B neTO 6863»
(B 1355 rOAY) t<HJl3b AHApeM CbeAopo-
BH'I YCHn-Hn ceM oCTpor BOHHCKHMH
nlOAbMH, TO eCTb rapHH30HOM 14 «or-
HeHHblM 60eM». 8enHKHM KHJl3b AMHT-
plotM a.1BitHOBH'I, np03BaHHbiM AOHCKHM
B cpa)l(eHHJlX Ha 80)l(e 101 KynHKoBoM
none OTpa3Hn 0PAbIH4eB xaHa MaMaJl.
Ero CblH BacHnHM AMHTpHeBH'I BOOpy-
)l(Hn MOCKOBCKHM KpeMJIb MHorHMH
0pYAHJlMH. OHH-TO 101 npH'IHHHnH -B
1408 rOAY HeManblM ypOH 0PAbIHCKHM
nOn'lHLLlaM xaHa ,3AHre51. TorAa JKe
nYWKapH YCHn'HnH BOMCKa, CTOJlBWHe B
KpenOCTJlX HOBf"opOAa, nCKOBa, CMO-
neHCKa 101 T BepH. 3TH ropoAa, a nOTOM
eepnyxOB, KawHpa, YCTIO)I(HHit. >Kene3-
HDnOnbCKaJl 101 Kaprononbe BCKope
npeBpaTHnHCb B OCHOBHblX nocTaBLLlH-
KOB apTHnnepHMCKHX OPYAHM. HacTan,a
nopa ynOpJlAO'lHTb nywKapCKoe Aeno.
a.1 B 1475 ,roAY BenHKHM KHJl3b a.1BaH III
Y'Ipe)l(AaeT JI MocKBe nywe'lHYIO 1013-
6y, BCKope npe06pa30BaHHYIO B ny-
We'lHbIH ,ABOp - nepBoe B HCTOpHH
rOCYAapCTBeHHoe npeAnpHJlTHe, 3aHH-
MaBWeeCJI npOH3BOACTBOM OPYAHM.
lrIanoMHHM, '1TO Ha 3anaAe apTHnne-
pH
 CTana WHpOKO npHMeHJlTbCJI nHWb
c 1494 rOAa, nocne pa3rpoMa $paH-
LlY3CKHM KoponeM ,KapnoM VIII
HTanbJlHCKOrO pbl4apcKoro BOHHCTBa.
...HaweMY cOBpeMeHHHKY nepBble
«apTcHCTeMbl» HenpeMeHHO nOKa3a-
nHCb 6101 BeCbMa npHMHTHBHbIMH. OHH
npeACTaBnSIJIH C060H )l(ene3Hble KOBa-
Hble Tpy6bl, CKpenneHHble 06pY'IaMH 14
ynO)l(eHHble B AepeBJlHHble KonoAbl.
K f(a3eHHOH (3aAHeM) '1aCTH 0pYAHJI
npHCTaBnJlnCJI BKnaAeHb C 3apJlAOM,
YAep)l(HBaeMblM
HHOM. a.13-3a He-
nnOTHOrO coeAHHeHHJI BKnaAHJI co
CTIIonOM '1aCTb nopOXOBblX ra30B Bbl-
p..IBanacb '1epe3 3a30pbl, '1TO CKa3bl-
BanOCb Ha AanbHOCTH CTpenb6bl.


Me'leHO, '1TO «Y Ka)l(AOM pOTbl 6..1110
noneBoe opYAHe, O'leHb aKKypaTHo
OTnHToe 101 HCKYCHO Bblpa60TaHHoe
HnH YMeno BblKOBaHHoe 143 )l(ene3it
npH nOMOLLlH MOnOTKa».
OC06blX ycnexoB PYCCKHe 0PY)I(eM-
HHKH AOCTHrnH BO BTOpOM nonOBHHe
XVI BeKa, KorAa MaCTepa nCKOBa,
HOBropoAa, BonorAbl, penHKoro YCTIO-
rit nepewnH OT TpYAoeMKOM KOB'KH
)l(ene3HblX CTBonOB K OTnHBKe HX 1013
6POH3bl, '1yrYHa. HOBaJl TeXHOn'OrHJI
He TonbKO ynpocTHna 101 YAeweBHna
npOH3BOACTBO, HO 101 nOBblCHna HaAe)l(-
HOCT!> OPYAHM, n03BonHna nepeMTH K
HX MaCCOB-OMY BbmYCKY.
HeMano cAenan AnJl 'pa3BHTHJI ap-
THnnepHH a.1BaH rp03HblM. npH HeM
apTHnnepHMCKHM napK MOCKOBCKoro
BOMCK-il HaC'IHTbIBan 2 TbiC. CTBonOB.
B 1547 rOAY nywKapH 6b1J1.H BbiBeAe-
Hbl 1013 CTpenel4KOro BOMCKa B caMO-
CTOJl,TenbiHblM «HapJtA», AnJl PY
KOBOA-
CTBa KOTOpblM C03AitnH nYWKapCKHM
npHKa3 (CBoero pOAa MHHHCTepCTBO
apTHnnepHH). n03)1(e (,HapJlA» TaKTH-
'1eCKH pa3AenHnH Ha ropOAOBOM (Kpe-
nOCTHOM), 60J1bWOM (ocaAHbIM) 14 Ma-
nblM (nonKOBOM) HapJlAbl.
KpOMe «CepHMHbIX», B Te BpeMeHa
6bln0 c03AaHO HeMano 101 YHHKanbHblX
OpYAHM. TaK, MaCTep a.1rHaTHM B
1542 rOAY OTJ1Hn BenHKonttnHo oTAe-
naHHYIO raY$HHLlY (ray6H'LlY). enycTS!
ABa rOAa B MocKBe H3rOTOBHnH '1yrYH-
HYIO nywKY MaCCOM 1200 nYAoB - HH-
'1ero nOA06Horo 3a Py6e)l(OM He 6101-
no. TorAa )l(e Ha PYCH CnO)l(HnaCb
nneJlAiI 3aMe'laTenbHblX oPY)I(eMHHKoB.
OC060M H3BeCTHOCTbIO nonb30BanHCb
Y)I(e 3HaKOMbiM HaM a.1rHaTHM, eTenaH
neTPOB, THMo$eM KOHCTaHTHHOB, He-
CTOp a.1BaHoB, THMO$eM OCKapeB,
60rAaH (HMeHa MaCTepOB .nywe'lHOrO
Aena, t< CO)l(aneHHlO, H3BeCTHbi ,Aan-eKO
He nonHOCTblO - 0 Tex, KTO BOOpy-
)l(an PYCCKoe ]lOMCKO, Mbi MO)l(eM CY-
AHTb no nH'IHbIM KneMMitM Ha CTBonax
HnH no peAKHM 3anHCJlM B AOKYMeH-
Tax).
a.1HTeHcHBHoe npOH3BOACTBO BbICO-
KOKa'leCTBeHHbl:!( OPYAHM n03BonHno
BenHKOMY KHJI)I(eCTBY MOCKOBCKOMY,
06'beAHHHBweMY PYCCKHe 3eMnH, npo-
BeCTH P"A YAa'lHbIX BoeHHbIXKaM-
naHHH.


. ,- .... .
 J )
,
.,
. .
. Ii,,; .

- . - ,l.t
f .', I!j; \'-
 , " ,
, . :'
.:
C"- . '

"
"


5
.., "'"
l 6
.
 "'. .

 .
",... ,
-.... ...


7



-



.
, i.


..-
( ........., .
. 7'
<....,.
..Y". . .-...' I

t.
F,
.
,x. ,


"


'..i (,


.,


-.-


.........


8


H a 3 aCT a B 14 e: nYWHapH npH 0110-
pOHe MOCHBbl OT OPAblH,l4eB xaHa Tox-
TaMblwa B aBrycTe 1382 ro,qa (no HM-
HOHOBOM neTOnMcM).
1. KaMopHoe OPYAMe 101 1I0enpHnacw
14 HeMY.
2. TIOct>AH HOHLla XIV ,- Ha'lana XV BeHOB.
3. nMLLlanb.
4. 6poH30BaJi nHLLlanb, OTnMTaA MacTepoM HHOBOM B 1485 rOAY (HanMllp

63 Mil', Bec - 65 Hr, AnMHa ,- 38 CM).
5. raYct>HMLla MaCTepa HrHaTMA fiblna OTnHTa 1013 IIPOH3W 101 YHpaweHa, opHa-
MeHTOM (HanMllp - ,131 !Mil', aec - 197 Hr, AnHHa - 98 !CM. 1542 roA). ,
6, 7. 06pa3L1bl OPYAHM Ha .HOneCHOM nact>eTe C j\texaHM3MOM BepTHKanbHoA
HaBOAHM.
8. HarpYAHwH 3HaK apTHnnepMcToB PyccKOro BOHcKa.


T aK, B 1 552 rOAY PyccKoe BOMCKO
ocaAHno Ka3aHb, cTonHLlY xaHcTBa, no-
CTOJlHHO yrp0)l(aBWerO MOCK Be 101 ne-
peKpblBwero ee ToprOBble nYTH Ha
BOCTOK. npHCTy,naJl f( 3TOM onepaLlHH,
a.1BaH rpOI3HblH YCHnHn 150-TbICJI'IHOe
BOMCKO MOLLIHOM apTHnnepHeM. AOCTit-
TO'lHO CKa3aTb, '1TO OAHHX TOJltoKO
ocaAHblX OPYAJoIH H
C'IHTbIBanocb 60-
nee 150. KpoMe Toro, MaCTepa COopY-


AJinH TpHHaALlCNHMeTpOBYIO nepe-
ABH)I(HYJO. 6aWHIO, 1013 60MHJoI'LI KOTopOM
rp03Ho rnJlAenH CTBonbl 50 J1erKHX 101
1Q TJI)I(enblX OPYAHM. CoKPywkB or-
HeM C KpenOCTHbiX CTeH 06opOHJlIO-
LLlHXCJI, ,"YWKapH 06eCne'lJolnH ytnex
CTpeneLlKHX nonKOB, PHHYBWHXCJI HG
WTypM Kpe.nocTH '1epe3 '"ponoMW B ee
CTeHax, npOAenaHHble OCaAHblMH opy-
AHJlMH.


.:--








..


UAUI


-


-


.....


/MY3EH


........ .......


KonneKTMBHWM
KOHcynIoTaHT:

eHTpanIoHWM MY3eM
BOOpYHCeHHW. CMn CCCP.
ABTOp CTaTIoM - AOKTOp
Te.HM
eCKM. HaYK,
npo4Jeccop
B. r. MAn"'KOB.
XYAOHCHMK - B. .... 6APbIWEB.



MBM3MOHKM


nO)f(allYH, HM OAHa 1013 BOHH He OKa3alla
TaKoro BllMS!HMS! Ha pa3BMTMe apTMllllepMM,
KaK nepBaS! MMpOBiSII. 6e3 apTMllllepMH-o
CKOH nOArOTOBKM He Ha'lMHallaCb npaKTM-
'1eCKM HM OAHa onepa
MS!, nYWKaMM 101
MopTMpaMM npMWllOCb OCHaCTMTb Bce
nOApa3AelleHMS!, OT pOTbl AO KopnYCOB
101 apMMH. Ho OC06E!HHO apTMllllepMS! no-
HaA06MllaCb CTpellKOBblM AMBM3MS!M, OC-
HOBHOMY TaKTM'IeCKOMY coeAMHeHMIO
BoopY)f(eHHbiX CMll, KOTopble AeHCTBO-
BallM KaK B COCTaBe apMeHCKMX rpynnM-
pOBOK, TaK 101 caMOCTOS!TellbHO.
nepBoe BpeMS! CTpc.llKOBbJM AMBM3M-
S!M npMAaBallM 06bl'lHble nOlleBble nYWKM
101 ray6M
bl KallM6poM 75-122 MM, KOTO-
pble MorllM BeCTM orOHb Ha AMCTaH
MIO
12-15 KM, nopa)f(aS! pe3epBbi 101 611M)f(HMe
Tbillbi npoTMBHMKa. Ho rllaBHOH
ellblO
AMBM3MOHHOH apTMllllepMM 6blllM Bpa)f(eC-
KKe 6aTapeM 101 orHeBaS! nOAAep)f(Ka CBO-
MX nOllKOB.
Cl>opMMpoBaHMe B3rllS!AoB Ha Hee npo-
XOAMllO B 20-30-x rOAax, C Y'IeTOM onbl-
Ta nepBoH MMpOBOH BOHHbl, a pa3BMTMe
ee WllO no TpeM OCHOBHblM HanpaBlle-
HMS!M.
Bo-nepBblx, TaKTMKO-TeXHM'IeCKMe xa-
paKTepMcTMKM cTapblx OPYAMH YllY'IWa-
11M, YBellM'IMBaSl yrllbl BepTMKallbHOH 101 ro-
pM30HTallbHOH HaBOAKM, OCHal1\aS! HOBbl-
MM, 0611aAalOl1\MMM YCMlleHHblM pa3pblB-
HblM 3apS!AOM, CHapS!Abl, npMcnoca611M-
BaS! nYWKM 101 ray6M
bl AilS! CKOpOCTHoro
nepeMel1\eHMS! Ha MeXaHM'IeCKOH TS!re.


CKMX HaYK CI>. CI>. neTpoB.- SI BblCKa3all
CBOM C006pa)f(eHMS! 0 B03MO)f(HOCTM C03-
AaHMS! B cpaBHMTellbHO KOpOTKMH CpOK
6011ee COBepweHHOH 122-MM ray6MLlbl».
npeAllO)f(eHMe CI>. CI>. neTpOBa npMHs!IlM,
101 K MapTY 1938 rOAa nepBble 122-MM ray-
6M
bl M-30 nocTynMllM B CTpellKOBbie AM-
BM3MM KpacHoi;i ApMMM.
TpeTbS! TeHAeH
MS! B pa3BMTMM AMBM-
3MOHHOH apTMIl11epMM Bblpa3Mllacb B no-
nblTKax C03AaTb TaK Ha3blBaeMbie «Ha-
3eMHO-3eHMTHble» (npol1\e - YHMBep-
callbHble) nywKM. Io1x 6e3ycnewHo pa3pa-
6aTbiBallM B CWA, AHrllMM 101 lJexoclloBa-
KMM. Y Hac AaHblO YHMBepcallM3MY CTallM
AMBM3MOHHbie nYWKM - YHMBepcallbHaSl
A-52 101 nOllYYHMBepcallbHaS! A-51, HaA
KOTOpblMM HaWM KOHCTPYKTOPbl TpYAM-
llMCb C 1932 ,rOAa. TOllbKO MHHCeHep
B. r. rpa6MH, CQ3AaBaS! nopY'IeHHYIO eMY,
HO He'1l106MMYIO A-51, B MHM
MaTMBHOM
nopS!AKe cp,ellall 101 «HopMallbHYIO» AMBM-
3MOHKy CI>-22, cHa6AMB ny 76,2-MM nyw-
Ky pa3ABM)f(HbIMM CTaHMHaMM - OHM Ae-
llallM opYAMe YCTOH'IMBee 101 n03BOllS!IlM
YBellM'IMTb yrllbl ropM30HTallbHOH HaBOA-
KM.
14 MIOHS! 1935 rOAa Bce 06pa3
bl HOBblX
AMBM3MOHHbiX nyweK BbIBe311M Ha nOKa-
3aTellbHbie CTpellb6bl. A Ha clleAYIOl1\MH
AeHb, Ha COBel1\aHMM KOHCTPYKTOPOB 101
npeAcTaBMTelleH PKKA B KpeMlle, 6blllO
onpeAelleHo reHepallbHoe HanpaBlleHMe
pa3BMTMS! cOBeTcKOH apTMllllepMM. OT
YHMBepcallM3Ma pewMTellbHo OTKa3allMCb


. . ,
. .
. "
 .
, .... '-'
!I' t"
 f'J?,,1
'


;i '

.

. ,
. . .


--. " '\.

 -
-....



,
,
,.::.
,
,

,







"""""'4
'..

,I!., PJJW'"
- .. ' 1-..'-'
-"'-:' . '" : ,.


-.
;.oj" ,


....
." ':""-
. -
 ... -.
"""-








.-fM ....;,


,.. ...."




.:=..


H a 3 aCT a B K e:
HBH3HOHHaSi "YWKa
311C-3 Ha orHeBOH 1103H4HH. KanH6p - 76,2
MM, Macca cHapR.Qa - 6,2 Hr, HaLlanhHBSI CKO-
pocn. CHapJl,qa - 680 M/C, /:IanbHocTb
cTpenb6bl - 13 290 M, yrnb. BepTHKanbHoH
HaBo,qKH OT _5° ,qo + 37°. Joron ropH30H-
TanbHoro o6cTpena 54 0 , CKopocTpenb-
Hocn - 25 Bb.cTpenoB B MHHyTY, Macca opy-
,qHJI - 1200 Kr. I


231. COBeTCKaJl 76.2-MM ,qHBH3HOHHaJi
"YWKa CP-22 06pa34a 1936 ro,qa. Macca CHa-
pJlp,a - 6,2 Kr, HaLlanbHB.R CKOpOCTb cHapR-
,qa - 706 . M/C, ,qanbHOCTb CTpenb6b"-
13 630 M, yron BepTHKanbHoH HaBo,qKH 60°,
yrnbl ropH30HTanbHoro o6cTpena ::t30°,
CKopocTpenbHocTb - 2S BblcTpenoB B MHHY-
TY.


-,..-


,
--


','


232. COBeTCKaJl 76,2-MM ,qHBH3HOHHaJi
"YWKa YC8 06pa34a 1939 ro,qa. Macca CHa-
pJl
a - 6,2 Kr, HaLlanbHBSI CKOpOCTb CHapR-
,qa - 680 M/ C, ,qanbHOCTb cTpenb6bl _
13 290 M, yron BepTHKanbHoH HaBo,qKH +30°,
yrnb' ropH30HTanbHoro o6cTpena ::!: 45°.


233. COBeTCKaJl 122-MM ,qHBH3HOHHaJi ray-
6H4a M-30 06pa34a 1938 ro,qa. Macca CHa-
pRAa - 21,7 Kr, HaLlanbHaR CKOpOCTb CHapR-
,qa - 515 M/C, ,qanbHOCTb cTpenb6b'-
II 800 M, yrnbl BepTHKanbHoH HaBo,qKH OT
_3° ,qo +63°, yron ropH30HTanbHoro 06CT-
pena 40°.


'.


_C.



',



.-,


.\
of ft,.-, '
<::.-
o



 . ": .:ir
.


,-
 "


""


ij
,;1


.- x
."
....,,!';..


,-


,.


-.
,..",..;
",
 .:
<
.- . ".:".-
 .,.


.'
.0'1.


.




,


{'
.
-."'-' .-


23'1


,,;1-,

'
,(
I <&-4..1'
l; IfiI

. ,t' <
,-.11//
,
#jtt #.. .....

..t
EI.. ,"
"-r


',"'-
,
",' -....

z - 1 _....--i:
0_
__I


232


.,
 ...


", ,
",

,
.",' .



2.'}
... .
; ( .tJi
{!
., '".......1. *.


.


,


I


\


-,'

,:.
V
-'


4


:






. '":
..
. Q- ....
. .
i ::'; ...



-




... -
A l
.:=.-...-- -

.:;;......
-. --.-
;-


c:::JI


t:


i.,

'r&
't. .


I





r!0 MHeHMIO BoeHHblX, MOAepHM3a4MSI
6bJna xopowa TeM, 141'0 n03BOnSina 6bICT-
pO 06HOBMTb 0pYAMMHbIM napK, He CHM-
HCaSi 6oecnoc06HOCTM apMMM. HanpOTMB,
3aMeHa CTapblX OPYAMM HOBblMM nOTpe-
60Balla 6b1 HeManblX cpeACTB M apeMeHM.
TaK, B HaweM CTpaHe K 1930 rOAY 3
-
BepwMnM MOAepl:lM3a4MIO 76-MM noneBOM
nYWKM 06pa3l.i.a 1902 fOAa, cHa6AMB _
CTBoJlOM AnitHoii B SO .JCalnt6poB. B pe-
:JyJlbTaTe Aanblt060MHOCTb B03pocna nOI4-
:rM Ha 5 KM,M TpexAIOMMoBKa CTana npM-
rOAHoM AnR AMBH3MOHHOii apTMnnepHM.
TO"'Aa )l(e MCnblTbJBanaCb AHBH3MOHHaSi
TpexAIOMMoBKa yeenMl4eHHOM MOIJ.!,HOCTH
co CTBonOM AnMHoM 50 KanM6poB, yno-
JKeHHblM Ha nalJleT ray6M4bl 06pa34a
1910 "'OAa, "'1'0, n03BOJlMnO yaenM"IMTb
yrllbl BepTMKanbHoM
aBOAKM M, cneAO-
BaTenbHO, AanbHOCTb cTpenb6bl. npowna
MOAepHH3a4HIO 101 122-MM lIe...KaSi ...ay6H-
4a 06pa34a 1910 rOAa, Y KOTOpoM Hal4anb-
HaR CKopOCTb CHapSlAa B03pocna Ha
30 M/C. a AaJlb.H060MMOCTb - Ha 1,2 HM.
Bo-aTopblx, C03AaBanHCb HOBbie opy-
AMSI: 75-107-MM ny.wKH, 122-155-MM
ray6M4bl 14 MeMHOrOI4MCneHHble nywKM-
...ay6H4bl, KOTopble MornM BeeTM 31J141eK

THBHYIO KOHTp6aTapeMHYIO cTpenb6y.
OAHaKo pSiA BoeHHblX cne4HanMcToB no-
na...an, 141'0 AMBH3MOHKH AOnJKHbl 6blTb
cpaBHM:renbHo He60nbworo KanM6pa, B
npon'BHoM cnYl4ae O.HM nOTepSlIO:r TaKoe
BaHCHoe Kal4eCTBO, KaK cnoc06HocTb -K
«MaHeBpy O"'HeM M KonecaMH» Ha none
60R. 0 KanM6pax AMBM3MOHHOM apTHnne-
pI1M Aonro cnopl1nM B f epMaHMM, (!)paH-
410114, CWA, AHrJlMM. "texocnOBaKMH. 1-1 B
HaweM cTpaHe.
TaK, B cepeAHHe MapTa 1937 ",oAa Ha
COBelJ.!,aHHH B MocKBe HeKoTopble npeA-
CTaBMTenH KOMaHAOBaHMSI PKKA npeAJIa-
...anH npHHSlTb Ha aoopYJKeHHe AMBH3H,.
OMHOM BpTMnnepMM 105-MM ...ay6M4Y, KaK
91'0 6blll0 YJKe CAenaHO B apMMSlX CWA
14 (!)paH4HH. OAHaKO Mapwan COBeTCKO-
ro COlO3a A. 1-1. e"'OpOB HanOMHHn, 141'0 B
nepBylO MHPOBYIO M rpaHCABHCKYIO BOM-
Hbl HenpHRTenbCKHe l4eTblpeXAlOMMOBble
CHapRAbl He np06MBanH 6nHHAaJKeM,
TorAa KaK PYCCKMe 122-MM ...ay6H4b1 ne...-
KO pa3pywanH TaKHe YKPbITHR.
«B caMblM pa3rap COBelJ.!,aHHSI TOB. Bo-
poWMnoB K. e. npeAor:TaBHn cnOBO
MHe,- BcnOMMHan BHAHblM KOHCTPYKTOP
apTMnnepHMcKoM TeXHHKM, fepoM C04Ha-
nMCTMl4eCKOrO TpyAa, AOKTOp TeXHHl4e-


B nonb3y cne4ManH3MpOBaHHbJX no Ha3-
Ha4eHMIO 14 BHAaM nOApa3AeneHHM opy-
AMM. 01' MH)f(eHepOB Tpe60BanoCb 06ec-
ne4MTb 14M 3aAaHHYlO CKopOCTpellbHOCTb,
TOI4HOCTb c:rpellb6bl, AanbH06oMHoCTb 14
cnoco6HocTb K MaHeBpy Ha none 60R.
A06aBHM, 41'0 HOBbie 0PYAHSI AOnJKHbJ
6btTb npOCTblMM KOHCTPYKTMBHO, TeXHO-
JlOrMI4Hb1MM'M HeAOPO"'MMH.
3TMM Tpe6oBaHMRM' ,a 'M3BeCTHOM CTe-
neHM OTBe4ana rpa6HHcKaSi 1%>-22, npMHSI-
TaR Ha BoopYJKeHMe B 1936 rOAY. «S 143-
BeCTHOM CTeneHH» nOTOMY, 141'0, no MHe-
HMIO apMeM4eB, OHa 6bJna Bce-TaKM TSI-
JKenOBaTOM, CnOJKHOM, ee npM4en He npM-
cnoc06neH AnSI cTpellb6bl C 60JlloWMMH
y...naMH B03ablweHHSI, Ha KOTopble 6bll1
pacCI4MTaH CTBOn C OTIIMI4HOM 6annMcTM-
KOiOi.
4epe3 TPH ",oAa B. r. fpa6MH npeA'b-
SlBHn Ha McnblTaHHSI 06ne...l4eHHblM BapHaHT
76-MM AMaM3MOHKM 1%>-11 YCS (ycoBep-
weHcTBoBaHHaSl). C 1940 "'OAa nYWKM
YCB CTanH nocTynaTb B CTpeJlKOBble AM-
BM3MH 14 npon'80TaKKOBbJe nonKM.
OAHaKo B Ha4ane BenMKoM OTel4eCT-
BeHHOM aOMHbl BblRBMIIMCb HeAOCTaTKH
YC8: MexaHM3Mbi HaBOAKM 6blnM no 06e
CTOpOHbI CTBona, 14 06cnYJKMBanM MX ABa
HOMepa pac4eTa, '11'0 CHHJKallO CKOPOCT-
penbHoCTb. KpOMe Toro, nOTpe60BanOCb
YBenH'IMT" yrnbJ ropM30HTanbHOM HaBoA-
KM, I4T06bl YBepeHHO secTM O"'OHb 6poHe-
60MHblMH 14 KYMynJITHBHblMM CHapSlAaMH
no TaHKaM M 6pOHeTpaHcnopTepaM.
rpa6HH He CTan C03AaBaTb npMH4HnH-
anbHO Hoaoro OPYAMA (BOMHa He Aana
eMY BpeMeHH AnSI 3Toro), a OCHOBaTenb-
HO nepepa60Tan YCB. Ee CTBon ..anOHCHnH
Ha nalJleT rpa6HHcKOM JKe npOTHBoTaHKo-
BOM nywKH 3101C-2, TeM caMblM pewHB
npo6neMY "'OpH30HTanbHoM HaBOAKH.
MeXaHH3MbJ HaBOAKM pa3MecTHnH PR-
AOM, cneBa 01' cTBona,- Tenepb HMH
ynpaBnSln OAHH HaBOAI4MK.
nepBble AHBM3MOHbi 31-1C-3 nOSlBHnHCb
B KOH4e 1942 rOAa. 4acTb HX OTnpaBMnH
nOA,CTanHH"'paA. "'Ae MX paC_Tbl BMeCTe
C <<npOTHBOTaHKHCTaMH» 6HnM TaHKH Ha-
4HCTCKO...0 lJIenbAMapwana 3. MaHwTeM-
Ha, pBaBwe...ocSi Ha BblPYI4KY oKpYJKeHHOM
6-iOi apMHH naynlOca.
...CoBeTcKHe AHBH3HOHHbie nYWKH 14
ray6H4b1 C 4eCTbIO npownM HcnblTaHMSI
BTOpOM MHpOBOii BOMHbl M elJ.!,e Aon...o
OCTaBanHCb Ha BoopYJKeHHH COBeTcKoM
ApMMH.


234, A......nHiicKaJJ 81.6-MM .qHBH3HOHHall
nywKa-ray6Hqa MK. 2. Macca cHapll,qa-
11 ,3 Kr, Ha..anbHall CKOpOCTb c<tap"",a-
520 ",/c, ,qanbH!>CTb cTpenb6bl- f2 200 M.
yr.n.. BepT".Kan..Hoii H.a80"'Kk 01'_5° A!>
+37°, yron ropH30HTanbHoro o6cTpena 9°,
Macca. opy",UJJ -'- Hmo Kr.


23.3"


-.


j ....
-:






r


"J" _


'
.
::;.
.







,. ,(,
'-


834


t r ,!!,'" ...........-

r 141- t1" [1.. -
..
.. t
" . .
... '
"W' ,
.1>-.- .'j;j
"; IE
«i\ j'
i.

...


C\.



'J -:...w.
,,-rr
..,.-.....


23&


?35. AMepHKaHCKall .qHBH3HOHHa" 'ray6H-
qa M. 2. Macca cHapll",a - f4,9 fCr, Hao;anb-
Ha" CKOPOc:r.. CHapll",a - 473 M/c..AanbHOCTb
cTpeiJ..6bl - f f 200 M, y...nbl Bepn'Ka.llbHOH
HDOAKH 01' _5° "'0 + 43°., yrOil .
OpM30H-
TanbHoro 06cTpena 45°, Macca 0PYAHII-
.920 lir. .


f\


1
I' \1


" .....


\
... ';. ..;'.
",-

 .
,1'. .....,. .
,


-


"



.- '
'':


/ '''/'
 "
,',. .. ....' t r I , .' '
 ..
":-:-'0'0':' fL "'"'' "...... '
",' ..' . - \ ,

 ..


" ').

 ; f' . ,;
.' i t ,..:,
I .-'

. . .


".
:t..
 . .


,i'
236. repMaHcKall 105-MM .qHBH3HOHHall ., "-'
.....y6Hqa THna «f'8». Macca cHapll,qa -
14,8 Hr, Ha...anbHali CKOpOCTb CHapll,Aa-
540 M/C. .qa.nbHOCT.. cTp..nb6bl - f2300 M,
yrnbl BepTJofKant.HoM HBBOAKM OT -So "qO
+42°, yron ropH30HTanbHoro o6cTpena
50°, Macca OpYAHJJ - f950 Kr.


...
..
:


.._"".:..:


.-


,,!OY'"-
..-


L


...




.'


\cc,


-"j .


..


..


-t
\
.. i \

.,c..... ..

"4i" J
, ' .



F


.





,/


I


/-
I


. -"f
," 2315
,


!"


...


,'-
..t'



'
.


o


.- f

"


,,11).