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lJTO B llpeBHOCTH p3CTeHHe ClIMT3JIOCb BOJIllle6HbIM. HMelOlllHM
lleBHTb lJY llOJl.eHCTBeHHblX CBOHCTB (CHJI). BepHJlH, liTO lle-
20 BHCHJI BblJlelJMB3eT OT MHO}KeCTB3 60JIe3HeH.


21

,AYWH",A
npOH3p3CT3eT B CYXHX J1eC3X, Ha nOJlS1H3X. onYWK3X. cpe-
D.H KYCT3PHHKOB H3 CYXHX OTKpblTblX MeCT3X, no CYXOllOJlb-
HblM H nOHMeHHblM Jlyr3M.
33rOT3BJlHB31OT TP3BY llYIII HIJ.bl B nepHOll IJ.BeTeHHS1
(HIOJlb - nepBaH nOJlOBHH3 3BrYCT3), cpe33SJ HO}KOM, cepnOM
HJlH ceKaTopOM 06J1HCTBeHHble BepXYlllKH .lI.J1HHOH .lI.O 20 CM.
C06p3HHoe Cblpbe HenJlOTHO CKJI3,nbIB3IOT B MelllKH, KOp-
3H Hbl HJI H H3 6pe3eHT H HeMellJlellHO OTnp3BJlS1IOT Ha CYlllKY,
B npOTHBHOM CJlY1I3e TP3B3 6b1CTpO corpeB3eTCS1 H TepS1eT
lleHCTBYlOlllHe BellleCTB3.
CYlll3T llYlllHIJ.Y B XOpOlllO npOBeTpHB3eMblX nOMellleHHS1X
HJlH nOll H3BeC3MM, B CYlllMJIK3X - npH TeMnep3Type llO 40°C.
BblcYllleHHYIO TP3BY 06MOJI3lJHB31OT H H3 pellleT3x OTlleJlHIOT
rpy6ble cTe6J1H.
fOToBoe cblpbe COCTOHT M3 BepxHHx lJ3CTeH cTe.6J1S1 (llJlH-
HOM 110 20 CM) C J1HCTbHMH H COIJ.BeTHMH. CTe6J1H 3eJleHble
HJlH nypnypoBble, tJeTblpexrp3HHble. 33n3x 3pOM3THblH;
22 SKYC ropbKOB3To-npHHbIM.

"
,
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23

3BEP060A
npOH3p3CT3eT B CYXHX H CBeTJIbiX JIeC3X, H3 nOJIHH3X
H onYlllKax, no J1yr3M cpellH KYCT3PHHKOB.
Tp3BY 3Bep060H 33rOT3BJlHB31OT BO BpeMH LlBeTeHHH
(HIOHb - 3BrYCT), cpe33H HO}KOM HJIH cepnOM 06J1HCTBeH-
Hble BepXYlliKH .lI.JIHHOH .lI.O 25-30 CM.
C06p3HHYIO TP3BY HenJIOTHO CKJI3.l1.blB31OT H He Me.ll.JIeH-
HO OTnp3BJIHIOT H3 CYlllKY, B npOTHBHOM CJIY1I3e Cblpbe 6bl-
CTpO corpeB3eTCH H TeMHeeT npH CYlliKe.
CYlll3T TP3BY 3Bep060H H3 lIep.ll.aK3X, nOll H3BeC3MM,
MJIM B nOMellleHHHX C xopOllieH BeHTHJIHIJ.HeH. P33J10}KHB TOH-
KMM CJIOeM Ha 6YMare, TK3HH HJIH Ha npOBOJIOqHbIX ceTKax,
3 T3K}Ke B CYllIHJIK3X npH TeMnep3Type He Bblllle 40°C. B
XOPOlllYIO noro.ll.Y cblpbe BblCblX3eT 33 4-5 J1HeH, 3 B CY-
WMJlK3X 33 1-2 llHH. OKoH1I3HHe CYlliKH onpe.ll.eJIHeTCH no
CTeneHM JIOMKOCTH cTe6JIeH.
fOToBoe cblpbe COCTOHT H3 BepxHHx tI3CTeH cTe6JIeH J1J1H-
HOH llO 30 CM C J1HCTbHMH, IJ.BeTK3MH, 6YTOH3MH H 1I3CTHtIHO
Hell03peJIblMH nJIO.ll.aMH.
3TO HHTepecHo. 113llaBH3 3Bep060H HCnOJIb30B3JIH npH
JIelJeHHH MHorHX 3360JIeB3HMH. fOBOpHJIOCb, liTO 3Bep060H -
«TP3B3 OT .lI.eBHHOCT3 lleBHTH 60JIe3HeH». JI.JIH u.3pCKoro llBO-
p3 B cpellHeBeKOBOH PYCH 3Bep060HH3H MYK3 33rOT3BJlMB3-
24 J13Cb H3 J1elJe6Hble HY}Kllbl «no ny.lI.Y H3 BCHKHH rOll».

.
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25

30JlOTOTbIClJHHK
30JlOTOTblCHlIHHK BCTpe1l3eTCH no BceH ceBepHOH H IO}K-
HOH eBponeHcKoH lJ3CTH CCCP.
Tp3BY 30JIOTOTbICHlIHHK3 33rOT3BJIHB31OT BO BpeMH llBe-
TeHHH (B HIOJle-3BrYCTe), cpe33H p3CTeHHe HO}KOM HJIH cep-
nOM.
CY1lI3T 30JIOTOTblCHlJHHK B CYlllHJIK3X npH TeMnep3Type
40-50°C, H3 lIepll3K3X nOll }KeJle3HOH HJlH llIM<pepHOH Kpbl-
llleH, pe}Ke nOll H3BeC3MH C xopOllleH BeHTMJIHIJ.HeH. p33J10-
}KHB TP3BY TOHKHM CJlOeM H3 6YM3re HJIH H3 TK3HM, COIJ.Be-
THMH B OllHY CTOPOHY. HeJlb3H TP3BY CYlllHTb H3 COJlHIJ.e-
OH3 TepeT CBOIO OKP3CKY.
BbICYllleHHoe Cblpbe COCTOHT H3 3eJleHbiX HJIH }KeJlTO-
B3TO-3eJleHbIX nOJIblX cTe6JIeH C 3eJleHblMH J1MCTbHMH
H p030BblMM IJ.BeTK3MH. 3an3X OTCYTCTByeT; BKYC OlleHb ropb-
26 KHiL

27

KAJ1HHA
P3CTeT B CblpOB3TbiX CMe1ll3HHbIX H J1HCTBeHHbIX J1eC3X,
npeHMYllleCTBeHHO no onYlllK3M, nOJlHH3M, Bblpy6K3M H cpe-
llH 33pOCJleH KYCT3PHHKOB, 3 T3K}Ke no 6eper3M peK, 03ep,
60Jl OT.
nJlOllbl K3J1MHbl C06Hp31OT B CYXYIO noroJl.y B nepHoll HX
nOJlHOH 3peJlOCTH. C06p3HHble nJIOJ}.bI CKJIallblB310T B KOp3H-
Hbl, HlllHKH HJlH K3pToHHble Kop06KH. nepeKJl3llblB3Tb MX H3
OllHOH T3Pbl B Jl.pyrylO He cJlellyeT - 3TO BeJl.eT K noplle nJIO-
llOB.
CY1ll3T nJlOJl.bI K3JIHHbl H3 B03J1.yxe noJl. H3BeC3MH H H3
QepJl.aK3X, a TaK}Ke B CYlllHJIK3X npM TeMnepaType 60-80°C.
BbICYllleHHbie nJlOJl.bl OTJl.eJIHIOT OT nJIOllOHO}KeK H BeTOlleK,
y llaJlHIOT Hell03peJIble, 33nJIeCHeBeBllIHe H nOBpe}KJl.eHHble
BpellHTeJIHMH.
fOTOBoe Cblpbe COCTOHT H3 oKpyrJlblX, CnJIIOCHYTblX C 06e-
HX CTOpOH, MOplllHHHCTblX 6J1eCTHlllHX KOCTHHOK. tiBeT nJlo-
Jl.OB Op3H}KeBO-KpaCHbIH HJIH TeMHo-Kp3CHblH, KOCTOlJeK-
cBeTJlo-6YPblft. 3an3x OTCYTcTByeT; BKYC ropbKoB3TO-KHC-
28 J1bIH.

29

KPAnHBA
npOH3p3CT3eT B6J1H3H >KHJlbH, B11.0Jlb 11.0por, no nYCTbI-
pM. lIa Bblpy61.<..ax, r3pS1X, B TeHHCTblX BJl3}KHbIX J1ecax, B
OBparax H npH6pe}KHblX KyCT3pHMK3X.
OCIIOBHble 33rOTOBKH J1HCTbeB Kp3nHBbi npOBOllS1T B Mae-
HIOJle. cpe33 HO}KOM HJlM cepnOM cTe6J1H Kp3nHBbl. 4epe3
HeCKO.HbJ<O lJ3COB, Korll3 .TJHCTb nepeCT310T 06}KHr3Tb, HX
06pb1Ba10T. llJHI npe.lloxp3HeHHH PYK OT O}KOrOB c60p KP3-
nHBbI npOH3B011.HT B 6pe3eHTOBblX neplJ3TKaX HJlH KO}K3HbIX
PYKaBHU3X CYlll3T JlHCTbS1 Kp3nHBbl H3 ep11.3K3X C xopOllleH
BeHTHJIUHeH HJlH nOll H3BeC3MH, P33JIO}KHB HX H3 6YM3re
TOHKHM CJlOeM. 1l0nycK3eTcS1 HCKYCCTBeHH3S1 CYlllKa npH TeM-
nepaType 40-50°C. HeJlb3H TP3BY CYlllHTb H3 COJlHUe, T3K
J<3K 3TO npHBOllHT K 06eCUBelJHB3HHIO CblpbH. nocJle CYlllKH
Yll3J1IOT nO}KeJlTeBUlHe, n06ypeBlllHe H nOlJepHeBlllHe J1H-
CTb, 3 T3K}Ke OTlleJlbHble cTe6J1H, UBeTKH H nOCTopOHHHe
npHMeCH.
fOTOBoe Cblpbe COCTOHT H3 npOllOJlrOB3TbIX, 3aOCTpeH-
HbIX, TOHKHX, .llJlHHOH llO 17 CM, lllHpHHOH 11.0 7 CM TeMHO-3e-
J1eHbiX J1HCTbeB
3TO HHTepecHo. BnJlOTb 110 XVI I BeK3 B UeHTp3J1bHOH
EBpone Kp3nHS3 Bblp3111HB3J13Cb H3 60JlblllHX nJlO1ll311S1X.
Ee HCnOJlb30B3J1H K3K cblpbe llJlS1 npoH3BollCTB3 6S13H H l1}KY-
Ta, a T3K}Ke B H3p011.HOH Me.l{HUHHe.
UeHTp3J1bHOe llIBeHIJ.apCKOe BellOMCTBO no OBOllleBOllCT
BY B )l(eHeBe npH3HaJlO Kp3nHBY KYJlbTypHblM paCTeHHeM
30 H peKOMeHllOBaJlO ee ll.J1H B03lleJlbIB3HHS1.

,
,
31

KYKYPY3A
KYKYPY33 lllHpOKO KYJlbTHBHpyeTcH B IO}KHbIX p3HOH3X
CCCP K3K CMJIOCH3H 3epHOB3H KYJIbTyp3.
B K3lJeCTBe CblpbH HCnOJIb3YlOT CTOJIOHKH C pblJIbIJ.3MH
(KYKYPY3Hble pbIJIbU3). Hx 33rOT3BJIHB31OT BO BpeMH MO-
J10lJHOH CneJIOCTH n01l3TKOB B 3BrYCTe-CeHTH6pe. KYKYPY3-
Hble pblJlbIJ.3 C06HpalOT H3 nOCeB3X, npe.ll.H33H311eHHblX llJlH
CHJlOCOB3HHH HJIH llJIH nH1.l.leBblX ueJIeH. nYllKH CTOJI6HKOB
06PblB31OT BPYllHYIO, Cpe3310T HO}KOM HJlH CepnOM. nOlJep-
HeBlllHe lJ3CTH ynClJlHIOT.
CYlll3T Cblpbe H3 lJepll3K3X C XOpOllleH BeHTHJlHIJ.MeH HJlH
nOll HaBeCaMH, 3 TaK}Ke B CYlllHJlKaX npH TeMnepaType He BbI-
we 40°C.
BbIcYllleHHble pblJlbIJ.3 COCTOHT H3 .lI.J1HHHbIX CTOJI6HKOB C
KOpOTKHM p33BoeHHeM H3 BepxYlllKe.
UBeT CBeTJIO-}KeJlTbIH, KopHlIHeBblH, KopHlIHeB3To-Kp3C-
32 HbIH. 33n3x CJl36bIH.

33
3 3dK. 1294

J1AH,AbIW MAACKHA
J13H.lI.bllll lllHpOKO p3CnpOCTp3HeH B eBpOneHCKOH 1I3CTH
CCCP, H3 CeBepHOM K3BK33e H B UeHTp3J1bHbIX 06JI3CTS1X
POCCHM, DeJloPyccMH M YKp3HHbI.
J1eK3pcTBeHHbIM CblpbeM S1BJlS1eTCH JIHCTbS1 H UBeTKH. CO-
6HpalOT HX TOJIbKO B CYXYIO norOllY, Korll3 COH.lI.eT pOC3.
UBeTKH J13HHbIllla 3arOTaBJIHB31OT BO BpeMS1 llBeTeHHS1, JIH-
CTbH - llO IJ.BeTeHHS1 H B H3lJaJle ero.
Cblpbe CJIe.ll.yeT CYlllMTb B CYlllMJIK3X npM TeMnep3Type
40-50°C, a T3K}Ke B OT3nJIMB3eMbiX nOMellleHHS1X H3 CeTlJ3-
TblX CTeJlJl3}K3X npH OTKpblTbiX OKH3X HJIH C npHMeHeHHeM
npHTOlJHO-BbITH}KHbIX BeHTHJlS1TOpOB, nepHollHlIecKH nepeBo-
p311HB3S1.
fOToBoe Cblpbe J13Hllb11ll3 COCTOHT M3 3eJIeHblX JIMCTbeB
llJlMHOH 10-20 CM, lllMpHHOH 3-8 CM. COIJ.BeTHS1 - CBeTJIO-
3eJIeHble C 5-10 }KeJITOB3TO-6eJlblMH UBeTK3MH (HHor1l3 C
34 6YPOB3TblM oTTeHKoM).

35
3.

JlJ.1nA
JlHn3 p3CTeT B J1HCTBeHHbIX H CMelllaHHblX J1eC3X CCCP)
OC06eHHO lJ3CTO BCTpelJ3eTCH B D3111KHpHH H T3T3pHH.
JlYlJllle BCerO npOBO!lhTb 33rOTOBKY LlBeTOB J1Hnbl BO Bpe-
1\'151 LlBeTeHHH. BO BTopoH n0J10BHHe HIOHH HJlM B nepBOH no-
JIOBHHe HIOJ1H, KOr.n3 60J1bllla 1I3CTb IJ.BeTKOB p3CnYCTHJI3Cb.
C60p CblpbH npOllOJl}K3eTCH OKOJlO 10 llHeH, npH npOXJl3ll-
HOH nOrOlle - 15 llHeH.
33npe1ll3eTc CPy63Tb H J10M3Tb 60JlblllHe BeTBH, no-
CKOJ1bKY 3TO He TOJlbKO nopTHT BHelllHHH BHlI. n.epeBbeB, HO
H BelleT K oCJl36J1eHHIO HX LlBeTeHHH B nOCJlellYlOlllHe rO.ll.bl.
HeJlb3H C06Hp3Tb COIJ.BeTH nOCJIe pOCbl HJlH .lI.O}KllH.
C06p3HHbie LlBeTKH J1HnbJ HenJ10THO CKJI3llblB31OT B KOp-
3HHbI, B npOTHBHOM CJlYlJ3e Cblpbe 6blCTpO corpeB3eTC H
TeM HeeT.
CYlll3T COLlBeTHH J1Hnbl Ha lJepll3K3X nOll }KeJIe3HOH, lIe-
penHlJHOH H lllHQ>epHOH KpblllleH, pe}Ke nOll H3BeC3MH HJlH B
nOMe1.l.leHHH C xopOllleH BeHTHHIJ.HeH, P33JIO}KHB TOHKHM
CJIOeM H3 6YM3re. MelllKOBHHe. CTeJlJI3}K3X, ceTK3X, 3 T3K}Ke
B CYIUHJlK3X npH TeMnep3Type 40-50°C. H3 COJlHIJ.e CYlllHTb
HeJ1b3 - 3TO npHBO.ll.HT K H3MeHeHHIO OKp3CKH CblpbH H no-
Tepe ero K3lJeCTBa. CYlllKY npeKp31113IOT, Korll3 IJ.BeTOHOCbl
CT3HOBHTCH JIOMKMMH
BblCYllieHHoe Cblpbe COCTOHT H3 COIJ.BeTHH C npHIJ.BeTHH-
K3MH.
n pHLlBeTHHKH CBeT JIO-3eJleHble H }KeJlTOB3TO-3eJIeHble.
33n3X 3pOM3THbIH. BKYC CJl3llKOB3TbIH, CJlerK3 BH}KY-
lllHH.
3TO HHTepeCHO. JIHn3 - npeKp3CHoe Me.ll.OHOCHoe p3C-
TeHHe. JIYlJlllMM Me.ll.OM ClIHT3eTCH JIHnOBbIH. J1HnoBblH IJ.BeT
npHMeHHeTCH llJlH 3pOM3TH33LlHH 1113Mn3HCKHX BHH. llpeBe-
CMHa JlHnbl MHrK3H, XOpOlllO coxpaHH101ll3HCH. DOHll3pM 6e-
PYT ee llJlH H3rOTOBJleHHH 601leK. 113ll3BH3 H3 J1HnOBbIX .lI.O-
CK3X nHC3J1MCb MKOHbI. 113 JIHnOBOro JIbIK3 nJleJIH JI3nTH, H3
36 J1HnOBOro J1y63 lleJl310T M01l3J10, pOrO}KH, BepeBKM, KOp3HHbl.

...
.
37

MA Tb-H-MA IJEXA
P3CTeT npeHMymecTBeHHO H3 rJIHHHCTbIX, pe}Ke H3 nec-
lJ3HbiX nOlJB3X no OBp3r3M, 06PblB3M, }KeJle3HO.ll.0p0}KHbIM
113CblnHM.
J1HCTbH MaTb-H-M311eXH C06Hp31OT B nepBOH nOJlOBHHe
J1eT3 (HIOHb-HIOJIb), Korll3 OHH ellle Cp3BHHTeJlbHO He60JIb-
lllHe. C06p3HHoe Cblpbe HenJlOTHO CKJI3.l1.blB31OT B T3py H 6bl-
CTpO llOCT3 BJI H lOT K MeCTY CYlllKH.
CYlllHTb MO}KHO H3 lIepll3K3X nOll lIepenHlJHOH MJlH >Ke-
J1e3HOH KpblllleH. B nOMellleHHHX MJlH H3 OTKpblTOM B03n.yxe.
Ha MeU1KOBHHe HJlH H3 J1MCTK3X Q>3Hepbl, P33J10}KHB TOHKMM
CJlOeM H nepMOlI.HlJeCKH nepeMelllHB3H.
1l0nycKaeTcH CYlllK3 JIHCTbeB MaTb-H-M3lJeXM B CYlllHJI-
K3X npH TeMnep3Type 50-60°C.
fOTOBoe Cblpbe llOJl}KHO COCTOHTb H3 XOpOlllO BbICYllleH-
HbIX J1HCTbeB cBepxy 3eJIeHb1X, CHH3Y 6eJlO-Cepblx. 33n3x
38 OTCYTcTByeT; BKYC cJl360rOpbKoB3TblH

..\
39

MO)K)KEBEJlbHHK
BCTpelJ3eTS1 llOBOJlbHO 1I3CTO B nOllJleCK3X BMeCTe C KPY-
WHHOA H p6HHOH B XBOHHWX H XBOHHO-MeJIKOJlHCTBeHHblX
.neC3X.
C06Hp31OT nJlOllbl MO}K}KeBeJlbHHK3 OCeHblO (C KOHIJ.3 3B-
rYCT3 llO KOHU.3 OKTS16pS1), KOrll3 OHH CT3HOBHTCS1 lIepHO-CH-
HHMH. lleJl310T 3TO CJIellylO1.l.lHM 06pa30M. nOll KYCTbl p3C-
KJl3llblB31OT MelllKOBHHY HJlH llpyrylO TK3Hb M CTpS1XHBaIOT
H3 Hee lllHlllKH. 33TeM H3. CneIJ.M3J1bHbIX npHcnoc06J1eHHS1X,
BeHJlK3X OTJl.eJlIOT nJlOllbl OT nOCTOpOHHerO J1eCHOrO COp3.
CYlll3T nJIOllbl MO}K}KeBeJlbHHK3 nOll H3BecaMH HJlM B CY-
WHJlK3X npM TeMnep3Type He Bblllle 30°C. B CYXYIO noro.ll.Y
.n.onycTMM3 CYWK3 Cblpb H3 OTKpblTOM B03llyxe. Bo H36e-
}K3HHe c3MocorpeBaHHH MO}K}KeBeJlbHHK He06xoJl.HMO nepe-
llOnalJMB3Tb.
fOToBoe cblpbe COCTOHT H3 1lI3pOBHllHblX nJlOllOB. lJ3CTO
no 60K3M CJlerK3 Bll3BJleHHbIX, rJl3.l1.KHX, 6J1eCTS1111Hx, pe}Ke
MaTOBbIX, nOllTH lIepHblX HJlH <l>HOJIeTOBbIx. KO}KYP3 ceMeHH
TBepll3. 33n3x cBoe06p33HblH, 3pOM3THbIH; BKYC CJl3.l1.KO-
40 B3TbIH, npHHbIiL

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41

OYBAHLJI1K
P3CTeT B6J1H3H }KHJlb, BllOJlb .lI.OpOr, B C3ll3X, oropOllax,
no OKp3HH3M nOJIeH, H3 Jlyr3x, J1eCHbIX onYlllK3X H nOJIHH3X.
KOpHH OllYB3HlJHK3 33rOT3BJlHB31OT BeCHOH, B H3lJ3JIe ero I
pOCT3 (3npeJlb - H3113J10 M3S1) HJlM oceHblO (ceHTH6pb-
OKTS16pb). KOpHH J1eTHeH 33rOTOBKH llpH6J1ble H ll310T HeK3-
lJeCTBeHHoe Cblpbe. BblK3nblB31OT KOpHH J10n3T3MM, OTPS1XH-
B310T OT 3eMJlH H MOIOT B XOJIO.ll.HOH BOlle.
npOMblTble KOpHH p3CKJl3.l1.blB31OT H3 TK3HH .lI.J1S1 nO.ll.BS1-
..lHB3HHS1. 33TeM HX CYlll3T H3 lJepll3K3X no.ll. }KeJle3HOH, lllH-
Q>epHOH HJlH lJepenHlJHOH KpblllleH HJIH nOll H3BeC3MH C XO-
pOllleH BeHTHJlS1IJ.HeH .lI.0 npeKp3111eHHH BbIlleJIeHHH MJlellHOrO
COK3. MO}KHO CYlllHTb KOpHH 0n.YB3HlIHK3 B CYlllHJlK3X npH
TeMnep3Type 40-50°C. OKOHlJ3HHe CYlliKH onpe.ll.eJlS1IOT no
HX J10MKOCTH.
fOTOBoe Cblpbe COCTOHT H3 IJ.eJIbHblX KopHeH CH3PY}KH
CBeTJlo-6YPbIX HJlH TeMHo-6ypbIX. 33n3X OTCYTCTByeT; BKYC
42 ropbKoB3TblH co CJl311KOB3TbIM npHBKycOM.

....
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43

OJlbXOBbIE LUHLUKM
OJlbX3 p3CTeT no BJla}KHbIM nOlJB3M B llOJlHH3X pYlJbeB
11 peK, pe}Ke Ha 60JlOTax.
O.nbXOBble COnJlOllH (IllHlllKH) 33rOT3BJlliB31OT oceHblO
H 3HMOH (llO H3lJ3J13 M3pT3). CeK3TopOM HJlH HO}KOM cpe-
3310T KOHUbl TOHKHX BeTOK, C KOTOpbIX 33TeM 06pbIBalOT
llJHWKH C06p3HHoe Cblpbe CKJl3JI.bIBaIOT B MelllKH.
CYlll3T llllilllKH H3 lJepll3K3X HJlIi nOll H3BeC3MH, 3 T3K-
me B B03llYlllHbiX cymliJlK3X C IiCKYCCTBeHHblM 060rpeBOM.
P33J10}KIiB TOHKHM CJlOeM Ii nepliOlllilJeCKIi nepeBOpalJHB3H.
B XOPOWYIO norony HX MO}KHO cymHTb H3 OTKpblTOM B03-
.lI.yxe.
fOTOBoe Cblpbe COCTOIiT H3 HHueBHllHblX IiJlIi npOllOJlrO-
B3TbiX COnJlOllHH (IllHllleK), p3CnOJlO}KeHHbIX no HeCKOJlbKY
WTYK H3 OllHOH- BeTOlJKe HJlIi O.ll.HHOlJHbIX, C nJlOll0HO}KK3MH
HJlII 6e3 HHX. liBeT COnJlOnHH H BeTOlJeK TeMHO-KOplilJHeBbIH.
44 33nax CJl36bIH; BKYC BH}KYI1.I.HH.

45

nACTYUJb CYMKA
BCTpellaeTCS1 nOllTH no BceM TeppHTopHH CCCP. PaCTeT
OKOJlO 110MOB. Ha oropOllax. BllOJIb 110por. KaHaB " Ha no-
J1HHax.
TpaBY naCTYlllbeH CYMKH 3arOTaBJlHBalOT BO BpeMH llBe-
TeHHH B MIOHe-HIOJIe, B CYXYIO norOllY; cpe3alOT HO}KOM HJlH
ceKaTopOM HJlM Bbl.ll.eprHBalOT C KopHeM (BMeCTe C npMKOp-
HeBOH' p03eTKOH JIHCTbeB). 3aTeM KOpHH oTpe3alOT. He pe-
KOMeH.lI.yeTcH c06HpaTb pacTeHHH co 3peJIblMH (pacKpbIBllIH-
MHCH) nJIOllaMH, a TaK}Ke nOpa}KeHHbIe rpH6KoM (c 6eJlblM
HaJleTOM Ha JIHCTbS1X).
CYlllaT naCTYlllblO CYMKY nOll HaBeCOM HJIM Ha lJepllaKe
nOlI }KeJIe3HOH HJIM lJepenHlIHoH KpblllleH, C xopollleH BeHTH-
JIS1UHeH, a TaK}Ke Ha OTKpbITOM B03.l1.yxe B TeHH rOTOBHOCTb
CblpbS1 OnpelleJIHIOT no JIOMKOCTM cTe6JIeH.
BblcYllleHHoe cblpbe COCTOHT H3 rOJlblX HJlH cJla600ny-
llleHHbl.x, 06JIHCTBeHHblX cTe6JIeH C pe6pHcToH nOBepxHo-
CTblO, C IJ.BeTKaMH H He3peJIblMH nJIOllaMH. UBeT cTe6JIeH,
JIHCTbeB Ii nJIOllOB 3eJIeHblH, IJ.BeTKOB - }KeJlTOBaTO-6eJIbIH.
46 3anax CJIa6bIH, cBoe06pa3HblH, BKYC ropbKoBaTblH.


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nH)I(MA
nll}Kl\1a 06bIKHOBeHHa paCnpOCTpaHeHa nOllTH no BceH
eBponeHCKofl lJaCTH CCCP. KpOMe 3aKaBKa3bH, HH}KHerO Te-
lJeHHH BOJlfH H YpaJla, BOCTOlJHblX paHOHOI} npellKaBKa3bH.
PaCTeT B6J1H3H }KHJlb, no Me}KaM, 060lJHHaM .lI.opor, Me-
CTaMil 06pa3YH 3HallHTeJlbHbie 3apOCJlH, p.e}Ke Ha .1Jyrax, J1ec-
IIblX onYWKax, nOJlHHaX H npOraJlHHaX, no 6eperaM peKe
UBeTbl nH}KMbl C06HpalOT B HalJaJle UBeTeHHH. Cpe3aH
KOp3HHKH H lJaCTH CJlO}KHbIX COIJ.BeTHH. CYlllaT Cblpbe, pac-
KJlallblBaH TOHKHM CJlOeM Ha lJepllaKaX, nOll HaBeCaMH, B B03-
llYllll-lblX HJlH TenJlOBblX CYlllHJlKaX npH TeMnepaType He BbI-
we 40°C, OCTOpO}KHO 1-2 pa3a nepeBopallHBaH.
fOToBoe cblpbe nM}KMbl npen.cTaBJlHeT C060H OTJ].eJlbHble
UBeTOlJHble KOp3HHKH H lJaCTH CJlO}KHOrO COIJ.BeTHH C 06111HM
IJ.BeTOHOCOM llJIHHOH He 60Jlee 4 CM. UBeTKH }KeJITble, 3anax
cBoeo6pa3HblH; BKYC npHHblH, ropbKHH.
3TO HHTepeCHO: B CTapHHY Ha PYCH 3TO paCTeHHe, 06HJlb-
110 npOH3paCTalOlllee KaK COpHHK no 0601lHHaM .lI.opor, Ha ny-
CTblpHX, BblrOH'ax H 6J1M3 }KHJIbH, Ha3blBaJIH «6eCCMepTHOH
TpaBOH» 3a YllHBHTeJIbHYIO cnoc06HOCTb BblCYllleHHblX IJ.BeT-
KOB coxpa HHTb OKpaCKY, HJlH «.lI.HKOH pH6HHKOH». nocKoJlbKy
COIJ.BeTHH paCTeHHH lleHCTBHTeJIbHO HanOMHHalOT rp03llbH
pH6HHbl.
TpaB03HaH H3llaBHa HCnOJIb30BaJIH nH}KMY B 6bITY B Ka-
4eCTBe HenJlOXOro 3aMeHHTeJlH HM6HPH, KOp, HIJ.bl MYCKaTHO-
fO opexa, llJlH apOMaTH3aUHH caJlaTOB. Oc06eHHO llIHpOKO
npHMeHJ1H nH}KMY .lI.JlH 60pb6bl C Bpe.ll.HbIMM HaceKOMbIMH.
ECJlH, HanpHMep, nocallHTb nH}KMY B callY HJIH Ha oropO.ll.e,
TaKoe cocellCTBO OlJeHb He nOHpaBHTCH H6J10HHOH nJlo.ll.O}KOp-
Ke. TJlHM, BparaM KanYCTbl, nOMHll0pOB, orYPIJ.OB, MHorHX
48 IJ.BeTOB.

\

\
-....
49
4 3aK. 1 4

nOAOPO)KHHK
nOllOpO}KHHK paCTeT OKOJlO .lI.Opor. Ha nOJISlX H OrOpO.ll.aX,
pe>Ke Ha J1yrax, no J1eCHbIM onYlllKaM H 6eperaM BOlloeMOB.
J] HCTbH nOllOpO}K}-JHKa 3arOTaBJIHBalOT B nepHOll UBeTe-
HHH - B Mae-aBrYCTe (.lI.O HallaJla HX nO}KeJlTeHHH HJlH no-
KpaCHeHHH), cpblBaH HJlH cpe3aH HO}KOM HJIH cepnOM.
CYlllaT Cblpbe nOll HaBecaMH HJIH Ha lIepllaKax C xopo-
llleH BeHTMJlHIJ.MeH, a TaK}Ke B CYlllMJIKaX npH TeMnepaType
He Bblllle 50°C, pa3J10}KHB TOHKMM CJlOeM. CYlllKY 3aKaHlIH-
HaIOT, eCJIH lJepelllKH npM crH6aHHM JIOMaIOTCH.
rOTOBoe Cblpbe nOllOpO}KHHKa COCTOHT H3 IJ.eJlbHblX H lJa-
CTHlJHO H3JIOMaHHblX J1MCTbeB. UBeT 3eJIeHblH HJlH 6YPoBaTo-
3eJIeHb1H, 3anax CJIa6b1H; BKYC cJla60rOpbKoBaTblH.
3TO HHTepeCHO. nOllOpO}KHHK lllHpOKO pacnpOCTpaHeH B
EBpone H A3HH. BnepBble ceMeHa nO.ll.OpO}KHHKa 6b1JIH 33Be-
3eHbl B AMepMKY nepBblMH nepeCeJIeHIJ.aMM H3 EBponbl. Ce-
MeHa nOnaJlH 8 AMepHKY, npHJIHnHYB C rpSl3blO K canoraM
6J1e.ll.HOJlMIJ.blX eBpOneHIJ.eB. CeBepoaMepMKaHCKHe HHlleHIJ.bI
Ha3BaJlH nOllOpO}KHHK «CJlellOM 6eJloro lIeJIOBeKa». OH pac-
npOCTpaHHJlCH no HOBOMY KOHTHHeHTY C 60JIblllOH 6b1CTpO-
TOH. 3TO He YllHBMTeJlbHO. eCJIH YlleCTb, liTO OllHO paCTeHMe
50 llaeT OT BOCbMH llO llleCTH.lI.eCHTH TblCHtI ceMHH.

51
4*

POMAWKA AnTElJHA
POMallIKa anTelJHaH lJaw.e BCTpelJaeTCH B IO}KHbIX paHO-
Hax H npe}K.ae Bcero Ha YKpaHHe PaCTeT Ha 3aJIe}Kax. B no-
JIHX, Y llopor.
3arOTaBJIHBalOT ee B HalJaJle LI.BeTeHHH (B Mae), Korlla
LlBeTKH paCKpbIJlHCb TOJIbKO no KpaHM KOp3HHOK. B npOTHB-
110M cJlYlJae KOp3HHKH BO BpeMH CYlllKH paCCblnaIOTC.
C06HpalOT pOMalllK)' anTelJHYIO BPYlJHYIO HJIH CneIJ.HaJIb-
HbIMH rpe6eHKaMH, TOJlbKO B CYXYIO COJlHellHYIO norOllY, TaK
KaK co6paHHaH nocJle llO>KllH, BO BpeMH pOCbl HJIH TYMaHa
olla nJIOXO COXHeT H npH cymKe TeMHeeT. nOllrOTOBJleHHOe
Cblpbe HenJIOTHO CKJla.abIBaIOT B MeWKH H KOp3HHbl H HeMe.a-
JIeHHO OTnpaBJlHIOT Ha CYIll1<Y.
CYlllaT pOMalllKY nOll HaBecaMH HJllI H3 lJep.aaKax C xo-
poweH BeHTHJlHIJ.HeH, Ha nOllCTHJlKaX, TOHKHM CJlOeM
, (2-3 CM) H nepHOllHlJeCKH nepeBopallHBalOT, a TaK}Ke B cY-
WHJIKaX npH TeMnepaType He BbIllle 40°C.
"rOTOBoe CbIpbe llOJl}KHO COCTOHTb H3 BblcyweHHblx IJ.Be-
TOlJHblX KOp3HHOK nOJIYlllapOBHHOH HJlH KOHHlJeCKOH op-
MbI, 6e3 LlBeToHocoB HJlH C OCTaTKaMH HX He .lI.J1HHHee 3 CM.
OKpaHHHble H3bIlJKOBbie LlBeTKH - 6eJlble, cpellHHHble - }KeJl-
Tble, a 06epTKa KOp3HHKH - }KeJlTOBaTO-3eJIeHa. 3anax
52 CHJlbHbIH, apoMaTHblH; BKYC npHHblH, ropbKoBaTblH.

 I
,
4a ...
53

CEMEHA TblKBbl
3arOTaBJlHBalOT CeMeHa 3peJlblX nJIO.nOB B CeHTH6pe-
H05J6pe. fIJlOllbI pa3pe3alOT HJIH pa36HBalOT BPYlJHYIO H BbI-
6HpalOT H3 HHX nOJIHble CeMeHa, nYCTble oT6paCblBalOT.
CYlllaT ceMeHa Ha OTKpblTOM B03n.yxe nOll HaBecaMH MJlH
lIa lJepllaKax C xopOllleH BeHTHJlHIJ.HeH, paCCblnaB TOHKHM
CJlOeM Ha pellleTax, 6YMare HJIH Ha TKaHH H nepMOllHlIeCKH
nepeMelllHBaH. CeMeHa TblKBbl BbICblxalOT 3a 5-7 llHeH. Hx
rOTOBHOCTb onpe.ll.eJlHIOT no cblnYlIecTH ceMHH H HX J10MKO-
CTH. CYlllKa B nellH HJIH Ha nellH He 110nYCKaeTCH. BbICYllleH-
Hblt' ceMeHa nponYCKalOT lIepe3 BeHJIKH .lI.J1H OTlleJleHHH ny-
CTbIX H HeJl,Opa3BHTbIX.
fOToBoe Cblpbe COCTOHT H3 OTlleJlbHblX ceMHH, OKaHMJleH-
HblX no KpalO 060.ll.KOM (pe}Ke 6e3 060llKa). HapY}KHaH KO-
}Kypa ceMeHH .lI.epeBHHHCTaH, J1erKO OT.lI.eJIHeMaH, 6eJlaH, C
}KeJlTOBaTbIM HJlH cepOBaTblM OTTeHKOM. 3anax OTCYTcTByeT;
54 BKYC npHHblH, CJIallKOBaTbIH, MaCJlHHHCTbIH.

\
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55

COCHOBblE nOIJKH
COCHa 06b1KHOBeHHaH .pacnpOCTpaHeHa no BceH TeppH-
TOpHH HallleH CTpaHbl
C06MpalOT nOllKH (HepacnYCTMBllIHeCH n06erH) 3HMOH H
paHHeH BecHoH (B <peBpaJle-MapTe) llO HX pacnYCKaHHH, co
cTe6J1eM llJlHHOH He 60JIee 3 MM Cpe3alOT l(eJIble KOpOHKH,
COCTOHlllHe 06bllJHO H3 HeCKOJlbKMX COe.ll.HHeHHblX nOlleK.
CYlllaT COCHOBble nOlJKH Ha lJep.ll.aKaX HJIH nOll HaBecaMM
C xopollleH BeHTHJlHIJ.HeH, pa3JIO}KHB MX TOHKHM CJlOeM Ha
6YMare HJlH Ha TKaHH.
HeJlb3H CYlllHTb nOlJKH nOll }KeJle3HOH KpblllJeH H B CY-
lllHJlKaX, TaK KaK npH HarpeBaHHH CMOJIa nOlleK nJlaBHTCH
M McnapHeTCH, a lIelllYH paCXOJl.HTCH B CTOpOHbI- 3TO CHH-
>KaeT KalJeCTBO CblpbH. B XOPOlllYIO norollY nOllKM BblCblxalOT
3a 10-15 !tHeH.
fOTOBoe Cblpbe n.OJl}KHO COCTOHTb H3 XOpOlllO BbICYllleH-
HbiX nOlleK CHapY}KH p030BaTo-6ypbIX, B M3J10Me 3eJleHbiX
HJlH 6YPblx. BKYC ropbKOBaTblH; 3anax apOMaTHblH, CMOJlH-
56 CTbIH.

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57

CYWEHHA TOnHASI
PaCTeT no CblpblM MeCTaM Ha 3aJlHBHblX J1yrax, no 6epe-
raM peK, Ha BblCblxalOlllHX 60JlOTaX, lJaCTO KaK COpHHK cpe-
llH Kap-r.O<peJlH, B oropOllax H Ha nOJIHX.
3arOTaBJlHBalOT TpaBY CYllleHHlJ.bI B nepMOll IJ.BeTeHHH (B
HIOHe-aBrYCTe). PaCTeHHH BbllleprMBalOT BMeCTe C KOPHH-
I\1H H OTpHXHBalOT OT 3eMJlH. CYlllaT, pa3J10}KHB TOHKHM CJIO-
eM, Ha OTKpbITOM B03.ayxe, Ha lJep.aaKe HJIM B CYlllHJlKe npH
TeMnepaType He Bblwe 40°C.
fOToBoe cblpbe COCTOHT H3 u.eJlbHblX pacTeHHH C COUBe-
THMH, KOpHHMH. H3pellKa C nJIO.ll.aMH. 3anax CJla6bIH, CBoe-
58 o6pa3HblH; BKye COJlOHOBaTbIH.

'-
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59

T0J10KH5IHKA
TOJlOKHHKa BCTpelJaeTC B COCHOBblX Jlecax no BceH
TeppHTopHH HallleH CTpaHbi.
BelJH03eJleHbIH pacnpOCTepTblH CTeJlIOr.uHHC KYCTapHHK.
C60py nOllJle}KaT JlHCTbH. C06HpalOT J1HCTbH' TOJlOKHHH-
KH llO Ii nocJle IJ.BeTeHH H oceHblO C HalJaJIa C03peBaHH
nJlo.n.OB.
npH 3arOTOBKe 06J1HCTBeHHble BeTOlJKH TOJlOKHHHKH cpY-
6alOT MOTblrOH HJlH CnelJ.HaJlbHbIM llJIHHHblM HO}KOM H CYlllaT
Ha OTKpblTOM B03.l1.yxe HJlH B XOpOlllO npOBeTpHBaeMOM no-
Mer.ueHHH. BbICYllleHHble BeTBH paCKJlallblBalOT Ha 4HCTblH
6pe3eHT H 06MOJlalJHBaIOT, nocJle lJero JlHCTb Ha pellleTax
J1J1H CHTax OlJHlllalOT OT BeTOlJeK, H3MeJIblleHHbiX J1HCTbeB H
.lI.PyrHx npHMeceH.
.lI.onYCKaeTCH HCKYCCTBeHHaH CYlllKa TOJlOKHHKH npH
eMnepaType He Bbllll 50°C.
fOTOBoe Cblpbe COCTOHT H3 6J1eCTHlllHx J1HCTbeB TeMHO-
3eJleHOrO lJ.BeTa C BepxHeH CTOpOH (npH oceHHeM c60pe
IiHorlla KpacHoBaTble), C HH}KHeH - HeMHoro CBeTJlee, Ma-
TOBble. BI<Yc CHJIbHOBH}KY1.l.lHH, ropbKoBaTbIH; 3anax OTCYT-
60 cTByeT.

.,
61

TbICLJEJlHCTHHK
npOH3paCTaeT no CYXHM J1yraM, onYlllKaM JIeCOB, CTen-
!lhlM CKJlOHaM, no KpaHM nOJIeH H llopor, Ha Memax H 3aJle-
max.
TpaBY TblelJeJlHCTIIHKa e06HpalOT B CYXYIO norOllY, noc-
Jle Toro, KaK COHlleT poca, B nepHO.a IJ.BeTeHH HlOHb - (nep-
naS1 nO.nOBHHa aBrYCTa), epe3a cepnOM, HO}KOM HJIH ceKa-
TOpOM 06JIHCTBeHHbie BepXYWKH n06erOB.
C06paHHoe eblpbe HenJIOTHO CKJlallblBalOT B MelllKH H He-
i\1ellJleHHO OTnpaBJlHIOT Ha CYlllKY, TaK KaK OHO 6blCTpO cor-
peBaeTC H TeMHeeT. HeJlb3 BblpblBaTb paeTeHHe C KopHe-
BHLUaMH - 3TO npHBOllHT K YHHlJTO}KeHHIO 3apOCJleH.
CYUIaT TblCHlJeJlHCTHHK Ha OTKpblTOM B03.l1.yxe, Ha lJep-
11.aKax nOll }KeJle3HOii, lJepenHlJHoH KpblllleH, a TaK}Ke
nOll HaBecaMH, pa3J10}KHB ero TOHKHM CJlOeM Ha 6YMare HJlH
Ha TKaHH H nepHOllHlJeCKH nepeBopallHBa.
1l0nycKaeTc HCKYCCTBeHHaS1 CYlllKa npH TeMnepaType
40-45°C.
fOTOBoe Cblpbe COCTOHT H3 ll.I.HTKOBHllHbIX COIJ.BeTHH (06-
pa30BaHHbix Kop3HHKaMH) C OCTaTKaMH cTe6J1 He .lI.J1HHHee
15 CM. anax apOMaTHbIH, cBoeo6pa3HblH; BKye ropbKOBa-
TbIH.
3TO HHTepeCHO. TbICHlJeJlHCTHHK lllHpOKO npHMeHJ1CS1 B
MellHUHHe y}Ke BO BpeMeHa llpeBHeH fpeIJ.HH. HCnOJlb30Ba-
UHe ero llJlS1 JIelJeHH paH npHnHCblBalOT MH<pOJlOrHlJeCKoMY
62 repolO - AXHJlJlecy.

" ..

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63

<l>HAJ1KA TPEXBETHASI
npOH3paCTaeT Ha nOJlX, Jlyr3x, Me}KllY KYCT3PHHK3MH,
113 OTKpblTblX Jlyr3X.
3arOT3BJlHB31OT TpaB)" cpH3J1KH BO BpeM UBeTeHH. cpe-
3aH IIO}KOM HJlH CepnOM H CKJl3llbiBalOT HenJlOTIiO B MellIKH
IIJ1H KOp3Hllbi.
C06pallllOe Cblpbe CYW3T B npOBeTpHB3eMbiX nOMell.l.e-
IIHHX, pa3J10)KHB TOHKHM CJlOeM Ha 6YMare HJlH H3 nOJlOT-
He II nepHOllHlJeCKH nepeMelllHB351. B XOPOlllYIO norolly TP3-
S3 BblCblxaeT 3a 5-7 llHeH. 1l0nycK3eTc5I HCKyccTBeHH3
CYlIIK3 npH TeMnepaType He BbIllle 40°C.
fOToBoe cblpbe npellCT3BJIeT c060fl 06JIHCTBeHHbie cTe6-
.rIH C L(BeTK3MH. UBeTKH Henp3BHJIbHble, cHHe-<pHOJleTOBble
HJlH cpHOJleTOBble; JlHCTb H cTe6J1H 3eJleHbie "J1H TeMHO-3e-
JleHble. 3an3x c.fJ36bli, cBoe06p33HblH; BKYC CJl3llKOB3TblH
C OIl.l.Yll.l.eHHcM CJlH3HCTOCTH
3TO HHTepecHo. Y cpH3J1KH eCTb HHTepecHoe CBOHCTBO:
OHa MO}KeT CJlY}KHTb 63poMeTpoM D.J1H npeD.CK333HH llO}Kll-
.rIHBOr. nOrOllbl. nepe.n. 1l0}KlleM npoHcxo.n.HT HCKpHBJleHHe
64 UBeTOHO}KKH H lI.BeTOK npHlJeTC nOll J1HCT.

"
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65
5 3aK. 1194

XBOlU. nOJlEBOA
MIiOrOJleTHee cnopOBoe TpaBHHHCToe paCTeHHe. Pacnpo-
CTpaliCIlO B noceBax. nOHMeHHbIX Jlecax. cpe.n.H KYCTapHH-
KOB H Ha neClJaHbIX Jlyrax.
C06HpalOT TpaBY nOJIeBOrO xBow.a TOJlbKO B CYXYIO no-
rOllY, cpe3a ee Ha paCCTOHHHH 5 CM OT nOBepxHocTH 3eMJlH.
XBOW. nOJleBOH CYlllaT, pa3J10}KHB TOHKHM CJlOeM. B CY-
lllHJlKaX npH TeMnepaType 40-50°C, a TaK}Ke Ha lJepllaKax
HJlH nOll HaBecaMH.
UBeT BblCYllleHlluru Cblpb cepoBaTO-3CJlCHbIH. 3anax
CJla6bIH, cBoe06pa3l1blH; BKye CJlerKa KHCJlOBaTbIiL
3TO HHTepeCHO. TpanoH nOJleBOrO XBOllla MO}KHO LJH-
CTHTb MeTaJlJlHlJecKYIO nOCYllY. nOll3eMHbie n06erH xBOw.a
HMelOT c'bell06Hble KJly6HeBble YTOJlllleHHH, HanOJlHeHHble
l<paXMaJIOM. KOTopble B llpeBHocTH lllHpOKO HCnOJlb30BaJlH
()() n n H 1.l.ly.

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67

4EPEA
npOH3paCTaeT Ha 60JlOTaX, CblpblX J1yrax, no 6eperaM
peK, PYlJbeB 11 BOlloeMOB H KaK COpHHK Ha oropOlle.
C06l1palOT TpaBY lJepellbl B HalJaJle UBeTeHHH. B KalJeCT-
Be Cblpb 3arOTaBJlHBalOT J1HCTb H 06J1HCTBeHHble BepXYWKH
paCTeliHii I1x 06pblsalOT BPYLJHYIO, cpe3alOT cepnOM HJlH
IIO>KOM.
Co6paHHYIO TpaBY lIenJlOTHO YKJlallblsalOT B OTKPblTYIO
Tapy (lllHKH. llJ1eTeHble KOp3I1Hbl).
CymaT TpaBY lJepe.lI.bI Ha 6pe3eHTe, MeWKOBHHe HJlH Ha
CTeJlJla>Kax. paCKJlallbIBa TOHKHM CJlOeM H nepHOllHlJeCKH
nepeBOpalJHBa, .lI.OnYCKaeTCH HCKYCCTBeHHaH CYWKa npH
TeMnepaType 35-40°C. JlHCTb BblCblxalOT paHbwe lJeM
cTe6J1H, n03TOMY CYWKY CLJHTalOT 3aKOHlJeHHOiL Korlla cTe6-
.iIH He rHYTC, a JlerKO J10MaIOTC.
ilBeT BblcyweHHoro CblpbH 3eJleHblH HJlH 6YPOBaTO-3eJle-
IIblii; 3anax cBoeo6pa3HblH; BKYC ropbKOBaTblH, CJlerKa B-
68 >KYllluii.

\,
\
\
69

LJHCTOTEJ1
PaCTeT KaK COpHK B6.nH3H )KHJIbH, Ha oropOllax, no Bbl-
rOHaM, CpeJI.H KYCTapHHKOB, 43CTO Ha BblCOKHX 6eperax C
PblXJlOH n04BOH.
TpallY 4HCTOTeJla c06HpalOT BO BpeM IlBeTeHHH (an-
peJi b- HIOHb), TOJlbKO B CYXYIO norOllY. cpe3alOT HO}KOM HJlH
cepnOM, a npH rYCTOM CTOHHHH - CKallJHBalOT KOCOH IlBeTY-
lllHe BepXYllJKH 6e3 rpy6blx HH)KHHX lJaCTeH cTe6J1H.
C06paliHYlO TpaBY HenJlOTHO CKJIa.n.blBaIOT B KOp3HHbi
H MellJKH. CYlllaT Cblpbe HeMellJleHHO - B CYllJHJlKaX npH
TeMnepaType 50-60°C, Ha 4epllaKax nOll }KeJle3HOH, lJepe-
nU4HOH HJlH llJHcpepHoH KpblllJeH HJlH nOD: HaBecaMH C xo-
pOllJeH BeHTHJlHIlHeH, pa3J10}KHB TOHKHM CJlOeM H nepHollH-
4ecH nepeMeIUHBa.
4HcToTeJl ClJHTaeTC CYXHM, eCJlH npH crH6aHHH cTe6J1H
.nOMaIOTCH
Cblpbe COCTOHT H3 OOJlHCTBellHblX cTe6J1eH C IlBeTKaMH
Ii nJlOllaMH pa3Hoit CTenellH pa3BHTH. BepxHH CTopOHa J1H-
CTbeB 3eJleHaH, HH)KH - CH30BaTaH. 3anax CblpbH CBoe-
70 06pa311b1H.

71

Wl1nOBHHK
npOH3paCTaeT KaK nOllJleCOK, lIa1.l.le BCerO BCTpellaeTCH
no onYlllKaM, 6eperaM peK H 03ep.
C06HpalOT nJlOllbl B KOp3HHbl HJlH Bellpa B nepHOll nOJI-
HOH 3peJlOCTH .lI.O HacTynJleHHS1 3aMop03KOB, KOr.ll.a OHH npH-
HHMalOT OpaH}KeBO-KpaCHYIO OKpaCKY.
CBe}Kec06paHHbIe nJlOllbl He06xOllHMO HeMe.lI.J1eHHO CY-
lllHTb, B npOTHBHOM CJlYlIae B HHX CHH}KaeTCH cO.ll.ep}KaHHe
BHTaMHHa C. CYlllaT lllHnOBHHK B TenJlblX npOBeTpHBaeMblX
nOMellleHHS1x Ha nO.ll.CTHJlKaX, MeTaJlJlHlIeCKHX ceTKax, CJlOeM
TOJl1.l.lHHOH B 2-3 CM, nepHO.ll.HlIeCKH nepeMelllHBaH; B CYlllHJI-
Kax CYlllaT npH TeMnepaType 80-90°C.
BblcYllleHHble nJlOllbl lllHnOBHHKa MorYT 6bITb III a POBHll-
HOH, HHIJ.eBHllHOH HJlH OBaJlbHOH cpOpMbl.
UBeT nJlo.n.OB OT opaH}KeBO-KpacHoro .lI.0 6ypoBaTo-Kpac-
Horo.
BKYC KHCJlOBaTO-CJIa.ll.KHH, CJlerKa BS1}KYI.UHH; 3anax OT-
72 CYTcTByeT.

\
"

73

B nee no rpM6bI
rpH6b1 - IJY.lI.eCHbiM .lI.ap Jleca H LleHHblM nHw.eBOM npo-
.lI.YKT. OHH He TOJlbKO BKYCHbI, HO H nHTaTeJlbHbI. PaCTYT rpH-
6b1 nOIJTH no BceM TeppHTopHH CCCP OT KpaMHero ceBepa
H .lI.O IOra.

\
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 \
. -.. -.....

//
,
. -
./
.rJ
{
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o

60J1bWHHCTBO cbeJl,06HblX rpH60B paCTeT TOJ1bKO no CO-
CeJlCTBY C OnpelleJ1eHHblMH BHJI,aMH .lI.epeBbeB. nO.ll.6epe30BHK
H BOJ1HYWKa - OK0J10 6epe3b1; Pbl)KHK - OK0J10 COCHbi HJ1H
eJ1H; CpeJl,H COCHOBOH nOpOCJ1H, B CYXHX COCHOBbiX MOJlOJl,HJI-
Kax 6b1BaeT MHoro MaCJlJlT H T. 1J..
rpH6bl paCTYT OIJeHb 6bICTpO, n03TOMY Ba)KHO He yny-
CTHTb .BpeMJI HX c60pa. 6paTb CJ1ellyeT TOJ1bKO MOJlOllbie. He
nOBpe)KJI,eHHble IJepBJlMH rpH6b1, He HapywaH npH 3TOM rpH6-
HHY H J1eCHYIO nOJl,CTHJ1KY H3 onaBWHX JlHCTbeB H Mxa, 3a-
TeM HX HaJl,O OlJHCTHTb OT 3eMJ1H H JleCHOrO copa, CJlO}KHTb
B KOP3HHKY HJ1H llpyrylO TBepJl,YIO Tapy WJlHnKaMH BHH3 H
KaK MO>KHO 6blCTpee CJI,aTb Ha 6J1H>KaHWHH rpH608apOIJHblH
nYHKT (TaK KaK OHH 6blCTpO lJepBHBelOT H nopTHTCH).
rpH6b1 npH CJI,alJe Jl,OJ1>KHbI 6b1Tb IIHCTblMH H paccopTH-
pOBaHHblMH no copTaM.
no nHTaTeJ1bHOCTH H BKYCOBbiM KalfeCTBaM HX YCJlOBHO
Jl,eJ1J1T Ha lIeTbipe KaTeropHH. K nepBOH KaTeropHH OTHOCHT
caMbie eHHble H BKYCHbie BHJI,bI: 6eJ1b1e, rpY3J1,H, Pbl>KHKH.
Ko BTOpOH - nOJl,OCHHOBHKH, nOJl,6epe30BHKH, MaCJlHTa, noJl,-
rpY3J1,KH. BOJ1HYWKH H T. 11. K rpH6aM TpeTbeH KaTeropHH OT-
HOCRT onHTa, MOXOBHKH, JlHCHIIKH, lfepHYWKH, CblpOe>KKH,
waMnHHbOHbI. K lIeTBepTOH - npHIfHCJlHIOT TaKHe rpH6b1,
KOTopble c06HpalOT B «6e3rpH6be». 3TO BeweHKH, KpaCHYW-
KH, pJlJl,OBKH, 3eJ1eHYWKH H T. JI,.
rpHOHOH ce30H HaIJHHaeTCH co c60pa CMOPIIKOB, CTPOIJ-
KOB, KOTopble nOHBJ1HIOTCH B KOHe anpeJlH - B Mae. 80 BTO-
pOH n0J10BHHe HIOHH, KOrJl,a HallHHaeT KOJlOCHTbCH pO>Kb, no-
JlBJ1HIOTCH nOJl,6epe30BHKH, 6eJlble, MOXOBHKH, MaCJlHTa H Jl,p.
3TO TdK Ha3b1BaeMbie «KOJlOCOBHKH». OHH BbipacTalOT HHor-
Jl,a B 3HallHTeJlbHblX KOJlHlJeCTBaX, HO, KaK npaBHJlO, Ha KO:
pOTKHH nepHOJl,.
MaccoBoe nOHBJleHHe rpH60B HalJHHaeTCH B aBrycTe, a
HHOrJl,a JlHWb B ceHTH6pe H npoJl,OJl>KaeTCH 110 3aMop03KOB.
3TO nepHOJl, OCHOBHOH npOMblCJlOBOH 3arOTOBKH rpH60B.
B HacTOHw.eM KaTaJlOre Jl,aeTCH KpaTKoe onHcaHHe HaH-
7fi 60Jlee pacnpOCTpaHeHHblX BHJI,OB rpH6oB.

BHHMaHHW rpH6HHKO
80 H36e>KaHHe OTpaBJleHHH He peKO-
MeH.lI.yeTcSI npH c60pe np060BaTb Ha BKYC
He3HaKOMbie rpH6bl.
OlJeHb onaCHM SlAOBHTMe rpH6M:
6J1eAHaSi noraHKa, naHTepHblH, KpaCHblH
MYXOMOP H ApyrHe, Tal< KaK OHH coxpaHSI-
lOT CBOH SlAOBHTble CBOHCTBa .lI.a>Ke nocJle
BbiMaIJHBaHHSI, OTBapHBaHHSI, CYlUKM, 3a-
COJla, MapHHOBaHHSI H ApyrHx cnoc060B
06pa60TKH. HaAO HaYIJHTbCSI XOpOlUO Y3-
HaBaTb rpH6bl no BHeUJHHM npH3HaKaM,
a c06HpaTb TOJlbKO XOpOUJO 3HaKOMbie.
OTpaBHTbCSI MO>KHO YCJlOBHO c'be.ll.06-
HblMH rpH6aMH, HanpHMep, CMOplJKaMH H
CTpOIJKaMH, eCJlH HX HenpaBHbHO npHro-
TOBHTb. nepeA ynoTpe6J1eHHeM 3TH rpH-
6b1 He06xOAHMO 06S13aTeJlbHO OTBapHBaTb
B TeIJeHHe 20-30 MHHYT, 3aTeM oTBap
CJlHTb, a rpH6b1 ellJ,e xopoUJo npoMblTb
B IJHCTOH BOAe. OTpaBJleHHe MorYT Bbl-
3BaTb H c'beA06Hble rpH6b1. eCJlH OHH
cTapble HJlH AOJlro npOJle>KaJlH.
n pH nepBblX npH3HaKax OTpaBJleHHSI
HaAO HeMeAJleHHO 06paTHTbCSI K BpaIJY.
77

6EJlbifl rpI16
PaCTeT B J1HCTBeHHbIX. XBOHHblX H CMelllaHHbIX JleCaX,
OllHHOllHO, HO lIa1.l.le rpynnaMH, C HIOH llO n03llHeH oceHH.
LU.HHnKa cBepxy OT CBeTJIO- llO TeMHo-6ypOH; Tpy6lJaTblH
C..10H Y MOJIOllOrO rpH6a 6eJlb1H. 3aTeM 3eJleHOBaTO-}KeJlTbIH.
HomKa TOJlCTa co CBeTJlblM CeTlJaTblM PHCYHKOM. MHKOTb
6eJIa, Ha H3J10Me He H3MeHeTC.
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT MeCTa npOH3paCTaHHH BCTpelJalOTCH
CJIellYI011l.He cpQPMbl 6eJloro rpH6a.
6EJ1bIA rPM6 6EPE30BbIA. LUJlHnKa CBeTJlo-6ypo-
BaTa, OXpHCTO-}KeJlTa HJlH 6eJlOBaTaH. HomKa TOJlCTa,
KopOTKa. PaCTeT B 6epe3HKax C Ha4aJla HIOJI 110 nOJIO-
BHHbl OKT6p.
6EJ1bIA rPM6 AYEOBbIA. lliJlHnKa 6YPOBaTa C ce-
pblM OTTeHKOM. MKOTb 60Jlee pblXJlaH, lIeM y 6epe30Boro.
HO}KKa llJIHHH3H. PaCTeT B .lI.y60BbiX .necax C H3lJaJla HIOJlH
110 OKT6pH.
6EJ1bIA rPM6 COCHOBbIA. LUJlHnKa TeMHo-6ypaH
C OJIHBKOBblM OTTeHKOM. HO}KK3 KopOTKaH, TOJlCTaH. PaCTeT
B COCHOBblX J1ecax co BTOpOH nOJlOBHHbl HIOHH llO nOJlOBHHbl
OKTH6pH.
rPM6 6EJ1bIA EJ108bIA. lllJlHnKa 6ypaH. KpaCHO-
BaTo-6ypa, KalllTaHoBo-6ypaH, rJla.n.KaH, cyxaH. HO}KKa
llJlHHHaH. PaCTeT B eJlOBblX HaCa}KlleHHX co BTOpOH nOJlo-
78 BHHbI HIOJI 110 TpeTbeH 1leKallbl aBrycTa.

w "
"
'... -
. ,
,
'
79

6EJ1HKA (BOJlHymKa 6eJlaH)
PaCTeT Hd OnYlllKaX 6epe30BbiX JleCOB. pe}Ke B CMelllaH-
HblX 11 XBOHHbIX, C Ha4aJla aBrYCTa llO BTOpOH nOJlOBI1Hbl OK-
TH6p. npellnOlJHTaeT Cblpble MeCTa.
OlJeHb nOXO}Ka Ha BOJlHYlllKY P030BYIO, TOJlbKO C 6eJlol1
IIJJlHnK'oH H 6e3 KOHlleHTpHlJeCKHX 30H.
Il.rlacTI1HKH 4aCTble H Y3KHe.
80 HO}f{Ka p030BaTO-6eJlaH.

\
81
6 3dK 1294

BOJ1HYWKA P030BA
PaCTeT B J1HCTBeHHbIX H CMelllaHHblX J1ecax nOJl. 6epe3a-
MH C HIOH no OKTH6pb. LUHpOKO pacnpOCTpaHeHHblH rpH6
II OlJeHb YP0}KaHHbIH.
WJ1HnKa OT CBeTJ10- .!I.O HaCb1llleHHo-p030BOH, C HpKO Bbl-
pa}KeHllblMH KOHlJ.eHTpHlIeCKHMH 30HaMH, lllepCTHCTO-BOJlOK-
HHCTaH, C 3aBepHYTblM J10XMaTbIM KpaeM, B cepellHHe BllaB-
.rIeHHaH. MKOTb pbIXJla. p030BaTa. OlJeHb OCTpaH Ha BKYC.
f\\.nelIHbIH COK 6eJlb1H, ropbKHH.
82 I-lo}KKa pOBHaH, no..'1aH, 6J1ellHO-p030BaH.

6*
3

r J1A,AblllJ
BCTpelJaeTC llOBOJlbHO 4aCTO, 3 MeCTaMH OlJeUb 06HJlb-
110, npeHMYllleCTBeHHO BO BJla}KHbIX eJlOBblX H CMeWaHHblX
J1eCaX C npHMeCblO O.rJbXH B aBrYCTe-OKT5I6pe OllHH04HO II
rpynna 1\1 H.
WJlHnKa nJlOCK3H C He60JlblUOH HMOlJKOH B ueHTpe, C.T1I1-
3HCTaH, rJ1aD.Ka. OKpaCKa rpH6a BeCbMa H3MeHlJHBa: CH3-
llaJla CBHHUOBO- H.rIl1 cpHO.rleTOBO-CepdH, nOTOI\1 CepO-KpaCHO-
)Ke..rITOBaT3H, C e.n.Ba 3aMeTHblMH KOHUeHTpH4eCKHMH 30Ha-
MH 11.:111 6e3 I-IHX. MHKOTb 6eJla HJ1B CJlerK3 KpeMOBaH, xpyn-
K3H.
AttiIe4HblH COK 6eJlb1H, Ba B03llyxe CTaHOBHTC }KeJlTOBa-
1 bli\I, 04eHb rOpbKHH.
HC)}KKa nOJ1a, rJ1a.aKa. KJleHKaH, }KeJ1TOBaTaH HJlH Oll-
84 1I0ro UBeTa co W.,1nKoii.

\
-
"
85

rpY3J(b
B JIecax HallleH CTpaHbl HaH60Jlee lJaCTO BCTpelJaIOTC
CJlellYI01.l.lHe pa3HOBH.lI.HOCTH rPY3.l1.eH.
rpY3llb HaCTOHlllHH (CblpOH). BCTpellaeTCH B 6epe3HKaX
HJIH B J1ecax C npHMeCblO 6epe3bl, HHOrlla 60JlblllHMH rpyn-
naMI1. PaCTeT C HIOJlH no ceHTH6pb. LUJIHnKa KpynHaH, y MO-
J10lloro rpH6a oKpyrJlo-BblnYKJlaH HJlH nOllTH nJlOCKaH, C B03-
paCTOM CTaHOBHTCH BOpOHKOBH.nHOH C 3aBepHYTbiM BHH3 MOX-
HaTblM KpaeM. }KeJlTOBaTaH C e.ll.Ba 3aMeTHblMH KOHu.eHTpH-
lJeCKHMH 30HaMH. MHKOTb rpH6a 6eJlaH, nJIOTHaH. MJle1.JHbIH
COK 6eJlblH, OCTpo-ropbKHH Ha BKYC.
HO}KKa TOJICTaH, KopOTKaH, 6eJlaH, HHorlla C }KeJlTOBa-
TblMH nHTHaMH.
rpY3J\b )l(EJ1TbIA. PaCTeT B 6epe30BblX, pe}Ke XBOH-
HblX JIecax, nopoH OlJeHb 60JlblllHMH rpynnaMH, B HIOJle-
ceHTH6pe.
lliJlHnKa KpynHa, MHCHCTaH, nJlOTHa, BJla}KHaH, B CbI-
PYIO norOllY CJlH3HCTaH, J1HnKa. <l>opMa ee KaK Y rpY3.l1.H
HaCTO1.l.lero. nOBepxHocTb y lllJIHnKH 30JIOTHCTO-}KeJlTa,
C HepellKo Bblpa}KeHHblMH TeMHblMH KOHIJ.eHTpHlJeCKHMH 30-
HaMH. MHKOTb rpH6a 6eJIaH, OT npHKOCHOBeHHH }KeJlTelOlllaH.
Ha pa3pe3e BbllleJIHeTCH 6eJlblH MJIelJHblH COK, }KeJlTelOlllHH
I-Ia B03llyxe.
HO}KKa KopOTKaH, TOJlCTaH, KHH3Y CY}KeHHaH, 6J1ellHO-
>KeJlTaH, C TeMHblMH nHTHaMH, CJlH3HCTaH.
rpY3J\b nEPElJHbIH. PaCTeT B lllHpOKOJlHCTBeHHblX
J1ecax C npHMeCblO 6epe3b1 B HIOJIe - OKTH6pe.
BeCb rpH6 CHallaJla 6eJlb1H. nOTOM C }KeJITOBaTbIM OTTeH-
KOM. LUJlHnKa KpynHaH, nJlOTHaH, CHallaJla nJlOCKaH C 3aBep-
HYTblM KpaeM, 3aTeM BOpO-HKOBH.lI.HaH, cyxaH. MHKOTb 6eJIaH,
Ha pa3pe3e CTaHOBHTCH rOJly60BaTo-CHHeH. «MJIellHblH COK
OlJeHb 06HJlbHblH, Ha BKYC OCTponepellHblH.
rpY3J\b lJEPHbIA. PaCTeT lIa1.l.le Bcero B 6epe3HHKax,
Ha XOpOlllO oCBelllaeMblX MlllHCTblX MeCTax: Ha onYlliKax,
B.n.OJlb npoceK H T. .n. I1Hor.na OlleHb 06HJlbHO.
LUJlHnKa KpynHaH, TOJlCTaH, MHCHCTaH, nJIOTHaH, CJIH3H-
CTaH, y MOJlOllblX rpH60B nJIOCKO-BblnYKJIaH. 3aTeM nJIOCKaH
HJlH HeCKOJlbKO BOpOHKOBH.1J.HaH, OJIHBKOBo-6yporo, nOllTH
lJepHOrO IJ.BeTa, co cJIa60 3aMeTHblMH KOHIJ.eHTpHlIeCKHMH 30-
HaMH. MJlelJHblH COK 6eJlb1H, OCTpbIH, HO}KKa TOJlCTaH, KO-
pOTKa H.

,

87

3EJlEHYlUKA (3eJleHKa)
nOHBJlHeTCH B KOHIJ.e J1eTa H OCeHblO B xBoHHblx H CMe-
lllaHHblX, pellKO B J1HCTBeHHbIX JIeCax. Ha CYXHX neClIaHblX
1l01lBaX, HHOr.ll.a B MaCCOBOM KOJlHlIeCTBe.
WJlSlnKa MHCHCTaH, BHallaJle BblnYKJIaH, nOTOM nJlOCKaH,
3eJIeHOBaTO-}KeJITOBaTaH, B u.eHTpe 6ypaH, MeJlKOlJelllYHlIa-
TaH, . KJIeHKaH, paCTpeCKHBalOlllaHCH. MHKOTb }KeJITOBaTaH
nJlaCTHHKH 3eJIeHOBaTO-}KeJlTble, lllHpOKHe, lIaCTble.
HO}KKa KOpOTKaH, nOlJTH BCH CKpblTa B 3eMJIe, 3eJIeHOBa-
88 TO->KeJITaSi C MeJIKHMH lJelllYHKaMH.

89

K03J1K
BCTpelJaeTCH B CblpblX COCHOBbl J1ecax H Ha C<):>arHOBbIX
OOJlOTaX c CepellHHbl aBrYCTa no OKTSl6pb.
LUJlHnKa nJlOCKO-BblnYKJlaH, rJIallKaH, no KpalO OOJIee
TOHKaH, }KeJlTo-6ypa HJlH pbl}KeBaTaH. MHKOTb 6eJlOBaTO-
}KeJITa, Ha pa3pe3e CJlerKa KpaCHeeT. Tpy6lJaTblH CJIOH He
OTlleJlHeTCH OT WJIHnKH, C KpynHblMH H HepOBHblMH yrJloBa-
TblMH nopaMH.
HO}KKa .lI.J1HHHa, O.ll.HOrO IJ.BeTa co lllJIHnKOH HJlH HeMHO-
90 ro CBeTJlee, BHH3Y cY}KeHHaH HJlM pOBHaH.

91

KP ACHYWKA
PaCTeT B JIHCTBeHHblX H XBOHHblX JIeCaX, lJa1.l.le Ha MlllM-
CTblX MeCTaX, HHOrlla 60JlblllHMH rpynnaMH, B MIOJle - OK-
TH6pe.
LUJlSlnKa He60JlblllaH, .lI.O 8 CM B .lI.MaMeTpe, Y MOJlO.ll.oro
rpH6a nJlOCKO-BblnYKJlaH C 3arHYTblMH BHH3 KpaHMH, nOTOM
BOpOHKOBH.lI.HaH, lIaCTO C 6yropKoM B IJ.eHTpe, KpacHo-6ypaH
HJlM }KeJlTOBaTo-6ypaH, cyxaH. MKOTb 6YPoBaTO-}KeJlTOBa-
Ta. MJlelJHblH COK 6eJIb1H, y CTapblX rpH60B CTaHOBHTCH
ropbKHM H ellKHM.
HO}KKa pOBHaH, nOJlaH, OllHoro IJ.BeTa co lllJlnKOH MJlH
92 lJYTb CBeTJlee ee.

93

J1HCHI.JKA
O.ll.HH H3 CaMbIX nOnYJlHpHbIX rpH60B HaWHX J1eCOB.
BCTpelJaeTCH B XBOHHblX H J1HCTBeHHbIX J1ecax C HIOJlH no ceH-
TH6pb. npellnOlJHTaeT pe.ll.KHe MlllHCTble JIeca. PaCTeT nOlJTH
Bcerlla ceMbMH.
rpH6 HlJHo-}KeJlToH HJlH opaH}KeBoH BblIJ.BeTalO1.l.leA OK-
paCKH.
WJlHnKa MHCHCTaH, nJIOTHaH, Y MOJlOllblX rpH60B BblnYK-
J1a HJlH nJlOCKaH C 3aBepHYTbIMH KpaHMH. Y 3peJlbiX lllJlHn-
K8 BOpOHKOBHHa.
nJlaCTHHKH HHCxoHlllHe Ha HO}KKY, pa3BeTBJleHHble,
pe.n.KHe.
HO}KKa cpOClllaHCH co lllJlHnKOH, nJlOTHaH, }KeJlTaH, rJlall-
94 KaSl, KHH3y CY}KeHHaH, CnJlOlllHa.

"
\
"
,
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95

MACJlEHOK n03AHHR (HaCTOSlll\"H)
PaCTeT 06bllJHO 60JlblllHMH rpynnaMH B COCHOBblX J1ecax,
oco6eHHO B pe,aKOJleCbe HJlM B MOJlOnbiX nocallKax COCHbI,
lIa JleCHblX onymKax H B J!pyrHx MeCTax, XOpOIllO OCBew.ae-
MblX COJlHueM, C HIOHH no OKTH6pb.
WJlHnKa y MOJlOllOrO rpH6a nOJlywapoBHllHa, n03llHee
n,,1Ul.KO-BblnYKJlaH, no.n.YWKOBHllHaH. HHorlla C 3arHYTblMH
ul3epx KpaHl\IH. >KeJlTO-KOpHlJHeBaH HJlH 1ll0KOJlallHa, HHor-
11.a C <pHOJleTOBbIM OTTeHKOM, rJlallKaH. MKOTb TOJlCTaH, Ha
113J10Me IJ.BeTa He MeHHeT. KO}KHIJ.a lllJlHnKH J1erKO OTlleJleT-
CH OT MHKOTH.
Tpy6lJaTbIH CJlOH 6J1elI.HO-}KeJlTOrO liBeTa, y MOJlOlI.bIX rpH-
OOB 3aKpbIT 6eJlOH nJleHKOH, KOTopaH no Mepe pOCTa rpH6a
pa3pbIBaeTC, 06pa3YH Ha HO}KKe KOJlbIJ.O.
HO}KKa UHJlHH.n.pHlJeCKa, CnJIOlllHa, HaJJ. KOJlbUOM 6e-
:laH. nOll HHM 6J1ellHO-}KeJlTa. TeMHelO1.l.la.
BCTpelJalOTCH cJleJJ.YI01.l.lHe BHJ!bl MaCJIT.
MACJ1 EHOK 3EPH HCTblfi. PaCTeT B COCHOBbIX J1e-
cax rpynnaMH B HIOHe-ceHTH6pe. LUJlHnKa CJlH3HCTaH, }KeJl-
TO-oxpHllaH H"flH >KeJlTo-6ypaH. MHKOTb }KeJlTOBaTo-6ypaH.
nOKpblBaJlO (nJleHKa) OTCYTCTByeT. Tpy6lJaTblH CJlOH BblJ!e-
JIHeT KaneJlbKH MOJl04HO-6eJloro UBeTa.
HO>KKa >KeJlTOBaTaH, C MeJlKHMH KOpHlJHeBblMH 4eWYH-
I{ a M H .
MACJ1 EHOK CEPbl fl. PaCTeT B MOJlOllblX cOCHHKax,
B J1HCTBeIlHbIX J1ecax, 4aCTO 60JlblllHMH rpynnaMH, B I-1I0Jle-
ceHT6pe.
LU"fInKa CBeTJlO-Cepa, cepo-6ypaH, CJlH3HCTaH. MSiKOTb
6eJla, BOllIIHCTaH. Tpy6lJaTbIH CJlOH cepOBaTo-6ypblH HO}K-
I(a C 6eJlb1M. BOHJlOlJHbIM. paHO HClJe3alOlliHM KOJlbliOM.
MACJ1EHOK J1HCTBEHHHI.JHbIA. PaCTeT OllHHOlJ-
HO H rpynnaMH cpeJ!H JlHCTBeHHblX HaCa}KlleHHH, oc06eHHO 13
MOJlOJ!bIX nocallKax, B HIOJle-OKTH6pe.
WJlHnKa McHCTaH, J1HMOHHO-}KeJITaH. CJlH3HCTaH. B
cyxylO noron.y 6J1eCTHlliaH. MHKOTb CBeTJlO-}KeJlTaH. Tpy6lJa-
Tblfl CJlOH }KeJlTOBaTO-cepbIH. nOKpblT nJleHKOH.
MACJ1EHOK 60J10THbIA. PaCTeT B 3a60JlolJeHHbiX
COCHOBblX Jlecax B aBrYCTe. W,,'1HnKa CJlH3HCTaH, cepOBaTO-
96 >KeJlTOBaT8H HJlH 3eJleIlOBaTa.

7 .idK. 1194.
,
\
-
-
97

MOXOBHK
BCTpe4aIOTC CJle.ll.YIOw.He BH.lI.bI MOXOBHKOB.
MOXOBHK 3EJ1 EHblfi. PaCTeT B J1HCTBeHHblX, XBOH-
Hblh ..1eCaX 11 KYCTapHHKaX. lJaw.e Ha OCBew.eHHbIX MeCTax: no
KpaHM llopor, KaHaB, no onYWKaM B HIOHe-HIOJle PaCTeT llO
oceH H HX 3a MOp03KOB.
W.rIHnKa BblnYKJla, MHCHCTaH, 6apxaTHCTa, cyxaH,
HllorLla TpellJ.HHOBaTaH, 0.rIHBKOBo-6ypaH. MKOTb pbIXJla,
6eJlOUaTO-)KeJlTOBaTa. Ha H3J10Me CJlerKa CHHelO1.l.laH. Tpy6-
lJaTbI fl CJlOi1 3eJleHOBaTbi iL
HO}KKa lIJlHHHaH, Il.HJlHHllpHlJeCKa, K OCHOBaHHIO CY)KeH-
HaH. )KeJlTa, HHorlla C KpaCHOBaTbIM OTTeHKOM.
MOXOBHK )l(EJ1TO-6YPblfl. PaCTeT Ha neClJaHOH
nOlJBe B COCHOBblX Jlecax, O.lI.HHOlJHO H rpynnaMH. WJInKa
MHCHCTaH. BbInYKJlaH, }KeJlTo-6ypa5I. MKOTb }KeJlTOBaTa, Ha
H3J10Me CJlerKa CHHeeT. Tpy6lJaTblH CJlOH Ta6alJHOrO Il.BeTa.
HO)KKa Il.HJlHHllpH4eCKa5I, n.rIOTHaH, cepOBaTO->KeJlTa5I.
MOXOBHK nECTPblfl. PaCTeT npeHMyw.eCTBeHHO B
.1HCTBeHHbIX necax B aBrYCTe-OKT6pe.
lli.rInKa BblnYKJlaH, M5ICHCTaH, cyxaH, BOHJlOlJHa, CBeT-
.10-6ypa, B Tpe1.l.lHHaX H B MeCTax nOBpe}KlleHHH KpaCHOBa-
Ta. M5IKOTb )KeJlTOBaTO-6eJlaH. pbIXJIa, Ha H3J10Me cJla60
CHHeeT. a nOTOM KpaCHeeT. Tpy64aTbIH CJlOH 3eJleHOBaTbIH.
nOpbJ mHpOKH, yrJlOBaTble.
HO}KKa llJlHHHa, Il.HJlHHllpHlJeCKa, HHorlla BHH3Y CY}KeH-
Ha5I, CBeTJlO-}KeJlTa 51 , OT Ha}KHMa cHHelOw.a.
MOXOBHK KPAC'Hblfi. PaCTeT B J1HCTBeHHbIX Jlecax
Ii KYCTapHHKax, Ha CTapbIX 3a6pOllleHHbIX lloporax, no 060-
lll1HaM KaHaB B aBrycTe-ceHT6pe. BCTpelJaeTC5I pellKo.
lliJlHnKa MCHCTa, nOllywKoBHllHaH, p030BaTo-nypnypo-
Ba, BOJlOKHHCTa. MKOTb rpH6a }KeJlTaH, Ha pa3pe3e CH-
HeeT. Tpy64aTbIH CJlOH y MOJIOD.bIX rpH60B 30JlOTHCTO-}KeJI-
TbIH, y cTapblx - OJIHBKoBo-}KeJITbIH.
HO)KKa Il.HJlHHllplilJeCKaH, pOBHaH, 5IpKO-)Ke.nTa, BHH3Y
98 6ypaH, C KpaCHblMH 4ewYHKaMH.

7
99

onEHOK HACTOlllHA (OCeHHHH)
PaCTeT Ha I1HHX, }KHBbIX H BaJle}KHbIX CTBOJlax. KopHeBblX
J1anax J1HCTBeUHbIX H XBOHHblX llepeBbeB. nOBJIeTC, KaK
npaBHJ10, B KOHue aBrYCTa HJ1H B HalJaJle ceHT6pH H paCTeT
.l1.0 YCTOH4HBbiX oceHHHX MOp030B 60JlbWHMH K0J10HHMH.
WJ1HnKa BHalJaJle BblnYI{J1a, nOlJTH wapOBHllHa, no-
TOM nJ10CKa, C 6yropKoM B u.eHTpe. KO}KHua 6ypOB3TaH, ce-
pO-KOpHlJHeBa, lJeWYHlJaTaH, B IJ.eHTpe 60J1ee TeMHa. M-
KOTb 6eJl3.
nJlaCTHHKH lKeJlTOBaTO-6eJlble, Y CTapblX rpH60B C p}Ka-
I3blMH nTHaMH.
HO}KKa .l1.0BU.rIbIlO .l1.J1HHllaH, TOHKa. c nepenOHlJaTblM
KOJlbUOM B BepXHeH lJaCTH, nOll WJlHnKOH CBeTJ1aH, KHH3Y KO-
I 00 pHlJlleBa.

101

n01l6EPE30BHK
PaCTeT B .rJliCTBeHllbiX Ii CMemaHHblX Jlecax lJaCTO H
06HJlbHO C KOHua Ma .ao n03llHel1 oceHH.
WJInKa y MOJlO.lI.oro rpH6a BblnYKJla, 33TeM nOllYWKO-
BH.aHa. pa3HbiX OTTeHKOB 6yporo H ceporo UBeTa: OT 6eJlo-
ro .lI.0 n04TH 4epHoro. ]\thIKOTb 6eJ1aH, He H3MeHIOLllaCH H3
cpe3e. Tpy6lJ3Tbll1 CJ1011 6e.nOBaTo-ceposaTbll1.
HomKa .lI.JlI1HllaH, 6eJla, nOKpblTa TeMHblMH lJemYHKaMH.
BCTpe4 a 10TC C.rJellYIOUlHe pa3HOBHllHOCTH nOll6epe30BII-
I\OB.
nOJl.6EPE30BHK 06bIKHOBEHHblft. PaCTeT C Ma
no ceHTH6pb. I1 MeeT KpenKYIO nJlOTHYIO MHKOTb. lIIJInKa
cepo-6yporo liBeTa.
nOJJ.6EPE30BHK P030BElOmI1A. PaCTeT C aBry-
era no ceIlT6pb. MKOTL ero p030BeeT Ha pa3pe3e.
nOJJ.6EPE30BI1K 60J10THbIFi. PaCTeT B CblpblX 6e-
pe30BbiX Jlecax. BCTpe4aeTCH llaLlle oceHblO. WJ1HnKa rpH3-
lIo-6eJla. co c.na6011 BO!I.HHCTOii MKOTblO
Ha nOll6epe30BHI{ OlJeHb nOXO}K HeC'bell06Hb1H }KeJl4HbIH
rpH6. KOTOpblH OTJlH4aeTCH OT Hero rpH3HOBaTo-p030BbIM
Tpy6lJaTbiM CJlOeM, CeTlJaTblM PHCYHKOM Ha HO}KKe H ropbKOH
102 M 51 KOTbIO.


103

nO,ll.rpY3,l1.0K 6EJlbIA (CYXOH rPY3Ab)
OllHH H3 CaMblX paCnpOCTpaHeHHblX rpH60B. BCTpelJaeT-
C qaCTO B H306HJIHH B J1HCTBeHHbIX H CMelllaHHblX JIeCaX
C HIOJlH no OKTH6pb. PaCTeT rJIaBHblM 06pa30M Cpe.ll.H 6e-
pe3 H OCHH.
LUJlHnKa KpynHaH MaTOBaH, 6eJlaH, HHOr.ll.a C }KeJlTo-6y-
pblMH nHTHaMH, y B3pOCJIbiX rpH60B BOpOHKOBH.lI.HaH, rOJlaH,
paCTpeCKHBalOlllaHCH. MHKOTb 6eJIaH, nJlOTHaH, Ha H3J10Me
104 He MeHSteTCH. MJlellHblH COK OTCYTCTByeT.

\
'"
'"'
105

"O,l(OCHHOBHK
PaCTeT B J1HCTBeHHbIX H CMelllaHHblX J1eCaX, npellnOlJHTa-
eT MOJlOAble OCHHHHKH. BCTpellaeTCH co BTOpOH nOJIOBHH
HIOHH 110 OKTH6pH. lJaCTO 60JIblllHMH KOJlOHHHMH.
LUJInKa BHalJaJle KOJInaKOBHllHaH c npH}KaTblMH K HO}K-
Ke KpaHMH, n03.l1.Hee nOllYlllKOBHAHO-BblnYKJlaH, HpKO-Kpac-
HaH, OpaH}KeBaH, KpaCHOBaTo-cepaH, 6apxaTHCTaH H rJIall-
Ka. MHKOTb 6eJIaH, nJlOTHaH, TOJlCTaH, Ha pa3pe3e Kpac-
HelOlllaH, 3eJleHelOlllaH H, HaKOHeIJ., lIepHelOlllaH. Tpy611aTblH
CJlOH 6eJlblH HJIH }KeJITOBaTO-6eJlblH.
HO}KKa .lI.J1HHHaH, IJ.HJlHHllpHlIeCKaH, 6eJlOBaTO-cepOBaTaH,
nOKpblTa lIepHblMH BOJIOKHHCTblMH lIelllYHKaMH.
Pa3J1HlJa1OT HeCKOJIbKO pa3HOBH.lI.HOCTeH nO.ll.OCHHOBHKa:
C KpaCHOH lllJlHnKOH H 6eJIblMH lJelllYHKaMH Ha HO}KKe 06b111-
HO paCTeT B OCHHHHKax; cepblH - B TOnOJleBblX JIecax; 6ypo-
BaTO->KeJlTbIH C lIepHblMH lJelllYHKaMH Ha HO}KKe paCTeT B CO-
CHKax H 6epe3HHKax H IIp. nH1.l.leBaH IJ.eHHOCTb HX OllHHa-
106 KOBa.

\
o
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f,
l
107

PbI)KHK
Ha TeppHTOpHH HallleH CTpaHbl BCTpelJaIOTC llBe pa3HO-
BH.llHOCTH Pbl}KHKOB: pbl}KHK COCHOBblH (60pOBOH) H pbl}KHK
eJlOBbIit
Pbl)l(HK COCHOBbIA. BCTpelJaeTCH B MOJlOllbiX Ha-
Ca}KlleHHHX COCHbl H J1HCTBeHHHIJ.bl, a TaK}Ke B H3pe}KeHHbIX
COCHOBblX 60pax. npellnOIlHTaeT neClIaHble nOlJBbI. nJlOllO-
HOCHT C KOHIJ.a HIOJlH .lI.0 OKTH6pH.
lliJlHnKa CHalJaJla oKpyrJlO-BblnYKJlaH, C B03paCTOM lllH-
pOKOBOpOHKOBH.n.HaH, OpaH}KeBO-KpaCHaH, C KOHUeHTpHlJe-
CKHMH 60Jlee TeMHblMH OpaH}KeBblMH 30HaMH. KpaH lllJlHnKH
y MOJlOllblX rpH60B 3arHYTble, nOTOM BblnpHMJlHIOTCH. MH-
hOTb nJlOTHa, MHCHCTaH, OpaH}KeBaH, MJIellHblH COK 06HJlb-
HbIH, OpaH}KeBO-}KeJITblH, HeellKHH.
HO}KKa IJ.HJlHH.lI.pHlJeCKaH, KopOTKaH. BHYTPH 6eJlaH.
Pbl)l(HK EJlOBbIA. PaCTeT B MOJIOllbiX eJIbHHKaX
C HIOJlH no OKTH6pb. LUJlHnKa 60JIee TOHKaH, lIeM Y pbl}KHKa
CocHOBoro, pbl}KeBaTO-OpaH}KeBaH HJlH CHHeBaTO-3eJleHOBa-
Ta. MHKOTb rpH6a JIOMKa. pblXJIaH. MJIelJHblH COK MOp-
KOBHO-KpaCHoro IJ.BeTa.
HO}KKa ollHoro IJ.BeTa co lllJlnKOH HJlH HeCKOJlbKO CBeT-
J1ee.
10S npH 3aCOJlKe Pbl}KUKH eJlOBbie 3eoi'lenelOT

---
"
\

109

CMOPlJOK HACTOSlW.HA
PaHHeBeceHHHH rpH6 nOHBJlHeTCH B anpeJle-Mae B nHCT-
BeHHbIX, XBOHHblX H CMemaHHblX Jlecax, Ha nJlOllOpOllHOH ne-
perHOHHOH nOlJBe. 4aCTO ero MO}KHO BCTpeTHTb B neClJaHblX
H MliIHCTblX MeCTax, Ha onYIllKax BllOJIb llopor, KaHaB, Ha Bbl-
py6K2X. PaCTeT O.lI.HHOlJHO.
LUJlHnKa OXPHCTO-}KeJlTaH. }KeJlTo-6ypaH HJlH CBeTJ10-KO-
pHlJHeBaH, oKpyrJIO-HHlleBHllHOH <t>OPMbl, no KpalO cpOClllaH-
CH C HO}KKOH. nOBepXHOCTb IllJlHnKH H3BHJIHCTO-CKJIalllJaTaH,
lJeHCTa. MHKOTb BOCKOBHllHaH, 6eJlaH, He}KHaH, J10MKaH.
HO}KKa llHJIHHllpHlJeCKaH, BHH3Y HeMHoro paCllIHpeHHa,
nYCTOTeJla. 6YPOBaTaH. KopOTKaH.
rpH6 YCJlOBHO c'bell06HbIH, nepell ynoTpe6J1eHHeM OTB3-
110 pl1BaeTCH H Bo.n.a CJlHBaeTCH

\
,
I II

CTPOIJOK 06blKHOBEHHbiA
PaCTeT B JIHCTBeHHbIX H XBOHHblX J1ecax Ha neClIaHOH noq-
Be, 6J1H3 onYllleK Jleca, Ha Bblpy6Kax, B.n.OJIb llopor, B MOJIO-
llblX nOCaJl.Kax. nOHBJIHeTCH B anpeJle-Mae cpa3Y nocJle
TaHHMH CHera. BCTpelJaeTCH lIaCTO, HO He 06HJlbHO.
LUJIHnKa HenpaBMJlbHo-oKpyrJlaH HJlH yrJIOBaTaH, BHYTPH
nOJlaH, rJIy60Ko-MOPlllHHHCTa. KopHlIHeBo-6ypaH HJlH }KeJl-
TOBaTo-6ypaH. MHKOTb BOCKOBHJl.HaH, TOHKaH, OlleHb JIOMKaH.
HO)KKa 6eJIOBaTaH HJlH cepOBaTaH, nOJlaH.
rpH6 YCJlOBHO C'beJl.06HbIH, nepeJl. ynoTpe6J1eHueM OTBa-
112 pHBaeTCH H OTBap CJlHBaeTCH.

-
113
8 3<11( LeJl

CbIPOE)KKA "HEBA
PaCTeT B J1HCTBeHHbIX H XBOHHblX J1ecax C HIOJlH no ceH-
TH6pb. BCTpelJaeTCH lJaCTO, OllHHOlJHO H rpynnaMH.
LUJlHnKa llO 10 CM B Jl.HaMeTpe, nJIOCKO-BblnYKJlaH, MH-
cHcTasi, cyxaH. 6eJIO-p030BaSl HJIH 60PlloBo-KpacHaH. MHKOTb
6eJIaH, nJlOTHaH, HeropbKaH. nJIaCTHHKH lIaCTble, 6enble,
HHorAa }KeJITOBaTble, HeMHoro BblcTynalOT H3 noJl. llIJIHnKH.
HO}KKa KopoTKaH, 6eJIa, llOBOJIbHO TOJlCTa, IJ.HJIHHllpH-
lIeCKa, CnJIOlllHaH, MOp1.l.lHHHcTaH.
B HalllHX JIecax HaH60Jlee lJaCTO BCTpelJalOTCH cJlellYIO-
lllHe pa3HoBHllHOCTH CblpOe}KeK: 60JIOTHaH, cepelOlllaH, CHHe-
}KeJlTaH, pO)lCTBeHHaH, 3eJIeHOBaTaH, KpacHBaH, JIOMKaH, He-
114 B3palJHaH, }KrYlJeellKaH H T. ll.

8*
115

lUAM"HHbOH
3TOT rp116 paCT.eT Ha HaB03HOH 3eMJle, 60raTOH neperHO-
eM, 6J1H3 }KHJlbH, }KHBOTHOBOjJ.lJeCKHX' <}>epM, Ha Jlyrax, Bbl-
rOllax, orop0.ll.aX t 06blllHO rpynnaMH C BeCHbI llO rJly60KoH
oceHH.
LUJIHnKa Y MOJlO.ll.blX rpH60B BblnYKJlaH, y 3peJlbIX - nJlo-
CKaH; KpaH 3arHYTbi BHH3. KO}KHIJ.a 6eJIaH HJlH cepOBaTaH.
CYX8H, rJlallKaH HJlH nOKpblTa MeJlKHMH 6YPOBaTblMH lIelllYH-
KaMH. MHKOTb TOJlCTaH, 6eJlaH Ha pa3pe3e p030BelO1.l.laH, C
npHHTHblM rpl16HblM' 3anaXOM.
nJlaCTHHKH He npHKpenJleHHble K HO}KKe, CHallaJla 6e-
J1ble. nOTOM p030BaTble. cepOBaTO-<}>HOJleTOBble. a y CTapblX
rpH60B TeMHO-KOpHQHeBble, nOlJTH lJepHble.
116 HO}KKa n.J1HHHa, npHMaH, 6eJlaH, C nJleHlJaTblM KOJlbLJ.OM.

...
.,
'-
117

J1ecHoH Car(
no 3anacaM H pa3Ho06pa3HIO .l1.HKOpaCTYIl.\HX nJlO.l1.0B H RrO.l1. Hawa
CTpaHa CTOHT Ha nepBOM MeCTe B MHpe. CO.l1.ep>KaHHeM BHTaMHHOB
H BKYCOBblMH Ka'le<"TBaMH OHH 'faCTO npeBOCXO.l1.RT KYJlbTypHble BH.l1.bI.
Pe6RTa! npHCTynaR K c60PY .l1.HKOpaCTYIl.\HX nJlO.l1.0B HJlH RrO.l1.,
Heofixo.l1.HMO 3HaTb cJle.l1.YlOll.\ee:
- He CJle.l1.yeT COOHpaTb RrO.l1.bI B CHJlbHYIO >Kapy, TaK KaK OHH
B 3TO BpeMR He.l1.0CTaTO'fHO CO'lHbI;
- nepeA c.l1.a'leii Ha 3aroTOBHTeJlbHblii nYHKT HrOAbi HeJlb3H MblTb
(TaK KaK MbiTbie HrO.l1.bI He CToiiKH npH xpaHeHHH), HO HeOOXO.l1.HMO
O'lHCTHTb HX OT Mxa, XBOH, JlHCTbeB H nOCTopOHHHX npHMeceii;
- He cJleAyeT COOHpaTb He.l1.03peBWHe,
3anJleCHeBeJible, 3aCOXWHe H nOBpe>K.l1.eHHble
HrOAbi H nJlOAbI;
- npH c60pe nJlO.l1.0B HeJlb3H 06pyoaTb
HJlH JlOMaTb BeTBH - 3TO rYOHTeJlbHblM
06pa30M CKa>KeTCH Ha ypO>Kae nOCJle.l1.YIOIl.\HX
JleT;
- .l1.JlA coopa He>KHblX RfOA (3eMJlHHHKH,
MaJlHHbI, '1epHHKH H T. n..) HcnOJlb3YlOT
>KeCTKYIO Tapy He60JlbWOH eMKOCTH (2-3 Kr).

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",

YHCb OpHeHTHpOBaTbCH B ecy
KOMY B YBJleKaTeJlbHOii OXOTe 33 rpH6aMH He npHxonH-
JlOCb 6J1Y>K)1.aTb B He3HaKOMOM Jlecy, OTblCKHBaR )1.0pory K
)1.0MY? KOHellHO, HenJlOXO HMeTb C c060ii KOMnac, HO He Bcer-
)1.3 OH OKa3b1BaeTCR no)1. PYKOij. n03TOMY, c06HpaR rpH6b1,
Hano lIame 06pamaTb BHHMaHHe Ha oc06eHHOCTH MeCTHOCTH:
npHMeTHoe )1.epeBO, npoceKH, H3rH6b1 )1.0pOrH H T. )1..
Jlec nOMO>KeT onpe)1.eJlHTb CTOpOHbI ropH30HTa. Y O)1.HHO-
KO CTORUJ.ero )1.epeBa KpOHa BCer)1.a rYUJ.e H nbiWHee C IO>KHoii
CTOpOHbI. Ha cpe3ax nHeM TOJlUJ.HHa rO)1.HlIHblX KOJlel{ WHpe
K lOry. Ha CTBOJIaX coceH C IO>KHOM CTOpOHbI BblcTynaeT CMO-
Jla, a MOX H JlHwaiiHHKH HapaCTalOT Ha KaMHRX H )1.epeBbRX
C ceBepHoii. MypaBeiiHHKH 06b1l1HO pacnOJlO>KeHbI C IO>KHoii
CTOpOHbI )1.epeBa HJlH nHR.
B Jlecy MO>KHO opHeHTHpOBaTbCSI H no npoceKaM, )1.eJlR-
UJ,HM JlecHoii MaCCHB Ha KBapTaJibi. Ha nepeCeqeHHH 3THX
npoceK CTORT KBapTaJlbHble CTOJl6b1, BepWHHbI KOTOpblX HMe-
lOT 4>OPMY 'JeTbipexyroJlbHHKa. Ha Ka>K)1.0H CTopOHe YKa3aH
HOMep KBapTaJia. HaHMeHbWHe I{H4>Pbl npHHa)1.Jle>KaT KBap-
TaJlaM, pacnOJlO>KeHHblM K ceBepy OT cToJl6a. n03TOMY yroJi
Me>K)1.Y )1.BYMR HaHMeHbWHMH UH4>paMH YKa3b1BaeT Ha ceBep.
CTOpOHbI ropH30HTa MO>KHO JlerKO onpe)1.eJlHTb H C no-
MOUJ.blO lIaCOB. nJiR 3Toro lIaCOBYIO CTpeJiKY HanpaBJIRIOT Ha
COJIHue. JlHHHR. npOXO)1.RUJ.aR H3 ueHTpa lIaCOB Llepe3 cepe-
AHHY yr Jla, 06pa30BaHHoro lIacoBoii CTpeJlKOii H HanpaBJle-
HHeM Ha I{HclJpy I, YKa>KeT, r)1.e HaXO)1.HTCR ceBep H lOr. Ao
06e)1.a lOr 6Y)1.eT cnpaBa OT qacoBoii CTpeJlKH, a nOCJIe 06e)1.a
CJleBa. TOqHO B 13 qaCOB COJlHl{e HaXO)1.HTCR Ha lOre. MHHYT-
HYIO cTpeJiKY BO BHHMaHHe He npHHHMaIOT. lJacbI CJle)1.yeT
)1.ep>KaTb B ropH30HTaJlbHOM nOJlO>KeHHH. ECJlH Bac B Jlecy
3aCTaJia HO'lb, MO>KHO opHeHTHpOBaTbCR no JlYHe. nOJIHaR
JlYHa npOTHBOCTOHT COJlHl{y, a 3TO 3Ha'lHT, qTO B 7 'IaCOB OHa
HaXO)1.HTCR Ha 3ana)1.e, B nOJIHO'lb Ha lOre H B 19 'IaCOB - Ha
120 BOCTOKe. ECTb ellle O)1.HH xopowHii opHeHTHp: npHMaR JlH-

HHSI, npOBeJJ.eHHaSi '1epe3 JJ.Be KpaHHHe 3Be3JJ.bI 60JlbWOH MeJJ.-
BeJJ.H, l(bI HMelOUJ.eH 4JOPMY KOBWa, npOiilleT K nOJlSlpHOH
3 Be3JJ.e.
npHpOJJ.a MO}KeT nOMO'Ib rpH6HHKY H onpeJJ.eJlHTb noro-
JJ.Y Ha 6J1H}KaiiwHe JJ.HH. ECJlH KJleBep CKJlaJJ.blBaeT CBOH
JlHCTOliKH H HHKHeT, a l(BeTKH O.ll.YBaH'IHKa, lIepTOnOJlOXa H
MaTb-H-Ma'leXH 3aKpblBalOTCSI - 6b1Tb HeHaCTblO. nepeJJ. .lI.O-
}KJJ.eM apOMaT JJ.OHHHKa H MHorHX .lI.pyrHx JleCHbiX UBeTOB
YCHJlHBaeTCSI, a WHWKH peneHHHKa paCnpaBJISIIOT CBOH KO-
JllOliKH. ECJlH YTPOM Tpaoa cyxaSi - K HOIlH O}KHJJ.aH JJ.O}KJJ.SI.
naYK YCHJleHHO nJleTeT ceTH - K cyxoii norOlle. Jlec 6e3 BeT-
pa WYMHT - K JJ.O}KJJ.IO. BellepHHH nec TenJlee nOJiSI - K BeT-
Py. ECJlH JJ.O}KJJ.b noweJl C o6eJJ.a - 3aTSIHeTCSI HaJJ.OJlro. Be-
Tep nopblBaMH - K THXOH noroJJ.e. MaJlo 3Be3JJ. Ha He6e - K
HeHaCTblO.
Bo BpeMSI rp03b1 He nOJJ.XOJJ.HTe K OTJJ.eJlbHO CTOSlUJ.HM BbI-
COKHM JJ.epeBbSlM, cToJl6aM MeTaJlJlHlIeCKHM c1JepMaM JlH-
HHH 3J1eKTponepeJJ.aIlH H CToraM ceHa. Heo6xoJJ.HMo 3HaTb,
liTO HeKOTopble nopoJJ.bI JJ.epeBbeB KaK 6b1 npHTSlrHBalOT rpo-
30Bble pa3pSlJJ.bI; HaH60Jlee onaCHbi B 3TOM CMblCJle lly6 H TO-
nOJIb. He peKoMeHJJ.yeTcSI TaK}Ke YKpblBaTbcSI noJJ. BbiCOKHMH
eJiblO H COCHOH. 6e3 onaceHbSl MO}KHO cnpSlTaTbcSI OT rp03b1
noJJ. KpOHaMH 6epe3, KJleHa HJlH B 3apOCJlSlX opeWHHKa.
121

AJlbllJA
nJlOllbl aJlbllJH BCTpelJalOTCH pa3J1HlJHOH <pOPMbl, pa3Me-
pOB H OKpaCKH: OBaJIbHble, 1I';fIJ.eBHllHble HJIH nOlJTH llIapo-
BH.lUlble, .lI.0 3 CM B llHaMeTpe, }KeJlTble, p030Bble, CBeTJlO-
KpaCHble HJlM TeMHO-BHlllHeBble. KOCTOlJKH nJloxo OTlleJlHIOT-
C OT MHKOTH.
C06HpalOT aJlbllJY B HIOJle - aBrycTe.
O.lI.HO llepeBO .lI.aeT llO 100 Kr nJlOllOB.
PacTeT no BceMY KaBKa3Y H B ropax CpellHeH A3HH,
npellnOlJHTaeT pa3pe}KeHHble J1eca H OTKpblTble CKJlOHbl.
nJlOllbI aJlbIlIH ynoTpe6J1HIOT CBe}KHMH H neqeHblMM,
B 60JlbWOM KOJIHlJeCTBe HX cYlllaT Ha KOMnOTbl, nepepa6aTbl-
BalOT Ha BapeHbe, nOBHllJlO, naCTHJlY, KOHcepBHpYIOT H Ma-
PMHYIOT. 1/13 COKa lleJIalOT 3CCeHIJ.HH .lI.JIH J1HMOHa.ll.OB.
Ha KaBKa3e nonYJlHpeH J1aBalli H3 MHKOTH nJlO.ll.OB
122 aJlbllJM.

12:1

6AP6APHC
PaCTeT B J1eCOCTenH eBpOneHCKOH lJaCTH, B KpblMY H Ha
KaBKa3e. npe.nnOllHTaeT OTKpblTble 6e3J1eCHble CKJlOHbl.
BCTpelJaeTCH TaK}Ke Ha raJlelJHHKaX B nOHMaX peK H no MOp-
CKHM n06epe}KbHM.
nJlOJ1.bI C03peBalOT B aBrYCTe, c06HpalOT HX HeCKOJlbKO
He ll03peBlllHMH, TaK KaK CneJlble OHH OlJeHb MHrKHe H J1erKO
lla BHTCH.
113 nJlOJ1.0B 6ap6apHca rOTOBHT BapeHbe, KOH<peTbl, a TaK-
124 }Ke HanHTKH H npHnpaBbl

\
\
125

6PYCHHKA
PaCTeT B XBOHHblX H CMelllaHHblX J1ecax no BceH J1ecHoH
30He, B TYHJI.pe H ropax KaBKa3a, npellnOllHTaeT OTKpblTble
MeCTa - BblPy6KH H rapHe
C06HpalOT 6PYCHHKY B aBrYCTe-CeHTH6pe.
51rOllbI HCnOJlb3YIOT B nHlllY CBe}KHMH H MOlJeHbIMH, H3
HHX .n.eJlalOT BapeHbe, JI.}KeMbl, KHCeJlH, HaJlHBKH, HalJHHKY
JJ.J1H KapaMeJlH H T. ll.
B 6pYCHHKe COllep}KHTCH 6eH30HHaH KHCJIOTa, 6J1arOJJ.apH
126 KOTOpOH B03MO}KHO llJIHTeJlbHOe xpaHeHHe B CBe}KeM BHlle.

127

6Y3HHA IJEPHASI
PaCTeT B eBpOneHCKOH lIaCTH H H3 KaBKa3e B nOllJIeCKe
lllHpOKOJlHCTBeHHblX J1eCOB H CpellH 3apocJIeH KYCTapHHKOB,
qaCTO B.lI.OJlb .lI.OpOr H Ha COpHblX MeCTaX.
nJIO.ll.bI 6Y3HHbl COllHble, lllapOBHAHble, .lI.OBOJIbHO MeJlKHe
(llO 6 MM), qepHo-<t>HOJIeTOBOro IJ.BeTa, c06paHbl B rycTble
30HTHKOBHllHble MeTeJIKH.
C06HpalOT nJlO.ll.bl B aBrycTe-ceHTH6pe.
YnoTpe6J1HIOT llJIH npHrOTOBJIeHHH MapMeJIalla. MYCOB.
»<eJIe, BapeHbH, cHponoB, ll»<eMOB H YKcyca, a TaK»<e HCnOJlb-
128 3YlOT KaK nH1.l.leBOH KpaCHTeJlb.

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9 lllK 1..''11
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129

rOJlY6HKA
PaCTeT B TYHAPOBOH H JIeCHOH 30HaX nOBCeMeCTHO Ha
TeppHTOpHH HallieH CTpaHbl. npellnOllHTaeT 3a60JIOlleHHble
M eCT a.
C06HpalOT ee B KOHue HIOJlH-aBrYCTe.
YnoTpe6JIHIOT rOJIy6HKY CBe»<eH, a TaK»<e llJIH npHrOTOB-
J1eHHH KHCeJIeH, BapeHbH H T. A.
51roAbi rOJIy6HKH He»<Hble H c06HpaTb HX HaAo OCTOpO»<-
130 HO. TpaHcnopTHpoBKY nepeHocHT nJIOxo.

.
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131
9

rpYWA (AHlIKa)
PaCTeT B KHKHblX paHOHax eBponeHcKoH lJaCTH. Ha KaB-
K33e, B ropax Ka3axcTaHa Ii Cpe.ll.HeH A3HH, B nOllJleCKe H
Ha onywKax J1HCTBeHHblX JleCOB; MeCTaMH 06pa3yeT p01.l.lH,
oco6eHHo B .aOJlHHaX peK LlHeCTpa H LlHenpa.
nJlOllbI rpYllleBHllHble HJI H nOllTH III a pOBHllHble, pa3Ho06-
pa3Hbie no Be..TI1i4HHe Ii cpopMe, 3eJIeHble HJlH KpacHoBaTble.
C .lI.JlHHHbIMH nJlOllOHO»<Ka MH.
C o.aHoro .aepeB3 CHHMalOT llO 400 Kr nJIo.aOB.
C03peBalOT nJlOllbl rpywH-llHlJKH B aBrycTe-ceHTH6pe. B
CBe>KeM BHlle OHH B OCHOBHOM H.lI.YT Ha nepepa60TKY. nJlO.ll.bl
HcnoJlb3YlOT llJ1 npHrOTOBJleHHH KOMnOTOB. sapeHbH. naCTH-
Jlbl, nOBHllJla H 3CCeHIJ.HH, H3 KOTOpblX lleJlalOT CPPYKToBble
132 lIanHTKH.

IJ3

3EMHHKA JlECHA
PaCTeT nOBceMeCTHO B eBponeHCKOH lJaCTH, B CH6HPH,
Ka3aXCTaHe (KpOMe nYCTblHHblX H nOJIynYCTblHHblX paHO-
HOB). Ha KaBKa3e, Ha JIyrax, B OCBeTJleHHblX J1ecax. Ha onyw-
Kax H nOJIHHax.
51rollbl C03peBalOT B HIOHe-HIOJIe.
YnoTpe6JIHIOT 3eMJIHHHKY JIeCHYIO CBe»<eH, nepepa6aTbl-
BalOT Ha BapeHbe, nOBH.lI.JIO, CHponbl H HalJHHKY llJIH KOHQ>eT,
npOXJlallHTeJIbHble HanHTKH.
DJlarO.ll.apH BbiCOKOMY COllep»<aHHIO B HeM COJIeH »<eJle-
3a - OlJeHb nOJIe3Ha npH MaJIOKpoBHH.
51ro.ll.bI 3eMJIHHHKH OlJeHb He»<Hble, c06HpaTb HX HY*HO
B nOJIHOH 3peJlOCTH B CYXYIO noro.ll.Y B TBep.ll.YIO Tapy (JIYlJ-
llle Bcero B He60JlblllHe KOp3HHOlJKH HJlH pellleTa) He 60Jlee
134 3 Kr.

\
,
135

EJKEBHKA
PaCTeT nOBCeMeCTHO Ha TeppHTOpHH eBpOneHCKOH lJaCTH
H 3anallHOH CH6HpH (KpOMe apKTHlJeCKHX paHOHOB), B Ka-
3aXCTaHe, CpellHeH A3HH H Ha KaBKa3e, no .lI.OJlHHaM peK H
pYlJbeB. OBparaM. CblpblM J1eCaM. B 3apOCJlHX KYCTapHHKOB,
B.lI.OJlb H3ropOlleH.
E»<eBHKY co6HpalOT B HIOJIe-aBrYCTe. nJlOllOHOllleHHe
e»<erO.ll.HO llOBOJlbHO 06HJlbHoe.
YnoTpe6J1HIOT HrO.ll.bI e»<eBHKH B OCHOBHOM B CBe»<eM BH-
.lI.e, Hcnonb3YlOT llJlH KOHcepBHpOBaHHH H nepepa60TKH Ha
KOHllHTepCKHe H3JI.eJlHH. 113 nJlOJI.OB BbI»<HMaIOT COK, KOTO-
136 pblH HcnoJlb3yeTcH KaK nHllleBoH KpaCIiTeJlb.

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1.7

KJlIOKBA
PaCTeT B TYH.n.pe, JIeCOTYH.n.pe H JIeCHOH nOJIOCe eBpOneH-
CKOH lJaCTH, CH6HpH H llaJIbHerO BOCTOKa; B 3a60JIolJeHHblX
JIeCaX, Ha OCOKOBO-C<parHOBbiX 60JIOTaX.
51ro.nbl KJlIOKBbI C03peBalOT B CeHTH6pe. DJIarOllapH Bbl-
COKOMY cO.n.ep»<aHHIO BHTaMHHa C B KJIIOKBe - HBJIHeTCH XO-
pOlllHM npOTHBOll.HHrOTHbIM Cpe.n.CTBOM.
113 Hee rOTOBHT npOXJIa.n.HTeJlbHble H »<apOnOHH»<alOlllHe
HanHTKH, HCnOJIb3YlOT JI.JIH npHrOTOBJIeHHH CHpOnOB, 3KCTpaK-
TOB, MOpCa, BapeHbH, HalJHHKH .n.JIH KOH<I>eT, JIHKepOB H r. ll.
KJlIOKBa XOpOlllO COXpaHHeTCH B CBe»<eM BHJI.e (nOlJTH B
TelJeHHe rOll a ) H3-3a BblCOKoro co.n.ep»<aHHH B J-IeH J1HMOH-
138 HOH H 'tSeH30HHOH KHCJIOT,

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139

KH3HJI
PaCTeT Ha YKpaHHe (npeHMYllleCTBeHHO B 3aKapnaTbe M
KpbIMY) H Ha KaBKa3e no llOJlHHaM peK H onYlllKaM J1eCOB.
nJlO.n.bl llOBOJlbHO KpynHble (.n.o 30 MM) npOllOJlrOBaTble
IJ.HJlHHllpHlJeCKHe HJIH rpymeBHllHble, BHCHlJHe; HpKO-Kpac-
Hble, }KeJITble, JIHJIOBble.
BJ<yc nJlo.n.OB BH}KYlllHH, KHCJlbIH, YJIYlJlllalOlllHHcH nocJle
3aMop03KOB. YnoTpe6JIHIOT KH3HJI llJlH npHrOTOBJleHH KOM-
nOTOB, BapeHbH, naCTHJlbl, MapMeJIalla, HaJIHBOK, npOXJIallH-
TeJlbHblX HanHTKOB. CBe}KMe H CYllleHble nJlOllbl HcnOJlb3YlOT
Ka K npHnpaBY K MHCHblM 6J1IO.n.aM.
llJl llOMalllHero xpaHeHHH nJlo.n.bl BbicYlllHBalOT MJlH ne-
140 pecblnalOT caxapoM.

141

MAJlHHA
PaCTeT no BceH eBponeHCKOH lJaCTH, Ha 60JlbllleH lJaCTH
CH6HPH, B ropax Ka3aXCTaHa H KHprH3HH, B JIeCHOM nOHce
KaBKa3a. npe.n.nOlJHTaeT BbIpy6KH, OCBeTJIeHHble JIeca, onYlll-
KH H nOJIHHbI. 4acTo 06pa3yeT 3apOCJIH 3HalJHTeJlbHble no
nJlOllla.n.H.
51rollbl C03peBalOT B HIOJle-aBrYCTe.
YnoTpe6JIHIOT B CBe}KeM BHlle, a TaK}Ke rOTOBHT KOMnOT,
CHpon, KHCeJIb, MapMeJla.n., naCTHJIY, HaJIHBKH H T. .n.. OTBap
H3 HrOll MaJIHHbI 06JIa.n.aeT nOTorOHHblM .neHcTBHeM, n03TOMY
ero Ha3HalJalOT npH npocTy.n.HblX 3a60JIeBaHHHX.
MaJIHHa OlJeHb He}KHaH Hro.n.a - He BbI.n.ep>KHBaeT .n.JIH-
TeJlbHOrO xpaHeHHH H TpaHcnopTHpOBKH. C06HpaTb ee CJIe-
142 .n.yeT B TBepn.ylO Tapy He60JlblllHX pa3MepoB.

143

MOPOWKA
PaCTeT B TYHApe. J1eCOTYHApe H TaHre eBpOneHCKOH lJa-
CTH CCCP, CH6HpH H llaJIbHero BOCTOKa; Ha TOP<PHHblX 60-
J10TaX, B 3a60JIolJeHHblX J1ecax, MOXOBblX H KycTapHHKoBbiX
TYHllpax.
51roAbl c03peBalOT BO BTOpOH nOJIOBHHe HIOJIH. B ceBep-
HblX paHoHax MopolllKa c03peBaeT nepBaH cpellH HrOAHblX
pacTeHHH.
MOPOlllKY ynoTpe6JIHIOT B CBe}KeM BHlle H 3arOTaBJlHBa-
lOT B 60JIblllOM KOJlHlJeCTBe llJIH llJlHTeJlbHOrO XpaHeHHH: 3a-
MalJHBalOT B C06CTBeHHOM COKY, 3aJIHBalOT XOJIOllHOH BOllOH
J1H60 3aMOpa}KHBaIOT. 113 HrOA MOpOlllKH rOTOBHT BapeHbe.
144 n peKpacHoe npOTHBoUHHroTHoe cpeAcTBo.

145
10 J'K 1294

06J1E"HXA
PaCTeT Ha KaBKa3e, naMHpO-AJIae. THHb-LUaHe. B ll}KYH-
rapCKOM AJIaTay, Ha AJlTae, B CaHHaX, ropax 3a6aHKaJlbH;
Ha raJIelJHHKOBblX H neClJaHblX 6eperax PYlJbeB, peK H 03ep.
nJIO)l.bl C03peBalOT C KOHua aBrYCTa )1.0 OKTH6pH, coxpa-
HHIOTCSJ Ha BeTKax )1.0 BeCHbi CJIe)l.YlOlllero rO)l.a, JIHllIb lJac-
THlJHO OCblnaHCb 3HMOH npH CHJlbHblX nopblBax BeTpa. OlJeHb
ueHHoe nOJlHBHTaMHHHoe Cblpbe. 113 nJIO)l.OB H3BJleKalOT )1.0
12 % }KHpHOrO MaCJIa; ynoTpe6JIHIOT B nHmy B CBe}KeM BH-
lle, a TaK}Ke rOTOBHT BapeHbe, KHCeJIH, naCTHJIY H T. ll.
C06HpalOT nJIOllbl 06J1enHXH 06bllJHO 3aMOp0}KeHHblMH.
C60P1.l.lHKH paCCTHJIalOT nOll KYCTaMH nOJlor H c6HBalOT
Ha Hero Mep3J1ble HrO)l.bl, 3aTeM HX OTBeHBalOT OT copa M CCbl-
nalOT B MelllKM. B 3aMOpO}KeHHOM BMlle ro)l.bI 06JIenHXM
I-H) ,aoJlro xpaHHTcH M XOpOlliO TpaHcnopTHpYIOTCH.

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147
III

P6HHA
PaCTeT nOBCeMeCTHO Ha reppHTOpHH PC<I>CP B nO.LI.JleCKe
pa3JIHlJHblX THnOB J1eca; npe.n.nOlJHTaeT OnYlllKH, npOraJIHHbl.
J1eCHble OBparH.
nJIO.D.bl C03peB31OT B CeHTH6pe.
HaJlHlJHe .n.y6HJlbHOrO BellleCTBa - TaHHHa B pH6HHe npH-
llaeT eH CTOHKHH npHBKYC rOpelJH, HClJe3alOlllHH nocJle 33MO-
p03KOB.
OCHOBHaH MaCCa nJlOllOB pH6HHbI nepep36aTblU3eTCH Ha
naCTHJlY, MapMeJlall, BapeHbe H T. .n.
OHH COCTaBJlHIOT Ba}KHYIO lJaCTb KOpMOBOrO paUHoHa
148 M HorHX BHllOB npOMblCJlOBblX }KHBOTHbIX H nTHU.

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9

CMOPOAHHA KPACHA
PaCTeT B J1ecax, no pelJHblM AOJlHHaM. B KYCTapHHKOBblX
3apOCJlHX T3HrH H J1eCOTYHAPbl eBponeHCKOH lJaCTH, CH6HpH
H lIaJlbHero BOCTOKa.
51roAbI C03peBalOT B HIOJle.
B COKe KpaCHOH CMOpOAHHbI COAep}KHTCH 3HalJHTeJlbHOe
KOJIHlJeCTBO neKTHHa, n03TOMY 60JlblllaH lJaCTb HrOll HlleT
Ha npHrOTOBJIeHHe }KeJIe. DJlarOAapH nOBbillIeHHOMY COAep-
}KaHHIO KMCJIOT COK HroA XOpOlllO YTOJIHeT }Ka}KAY, nOAHH-
M3eT anneTHT.
51roAbl KpaCHOH CMOpO.D.HHbl co6HpalOT KHCTHMH B TBep-
150 llYIO Ta Py.

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151

CMOPOAHHA IJEPHA
LUHpOKO p3CnpOCTp3HeH3 B JIeC3X H JIeCOCTenHblX P3H-
OH3X eBpOneHCKOH lJ3CTH, no BceMY Yp3JIY, B CH6HpH (AO
E3HK3JI3). ceBepHblX 06JI3CTSIX K333XCT3H3. P3CTeT no 6e-
per3M peK, no OKp3HH3M 60JIOT, B TeHHCTblX OBp3r3x.
51roAbl lJepHOH CMOpOAHHbl C03peB31OT B MIOne.
YnoTpe6nSlIOT B CBe}KeM BMAe, 3 T3K}Ke HCnOJlb3YIOT AJISI
npMrOTOBJleHHSI B3peHbH, nOBHAJl3, KHCeJleH, KOMnOTOB H H3-
nHTKOB.
C06Hp31OT CMOPOAHHY KHCTHMH B TBepAYIO T3py.
51rOAbI lJepHOH CMOpOAHHbl - u.eHHoe nOJIHBHT3MHHHoe
152 Cblpbe.

l
153

IJEPEMYXA
P3CTeT B eBpOneHCKOH lJ3CTH, 33n311HOH H BOCTOlJHOH
CH6HPH, CeBepHOM K333XCT3He, 3 T3K}Ke H3 K3BK33e; no
AOJIHH3M peK, B JIeCHblX OBp3r3X, Ha onYllIK3X H nOJIHH3X,
pe}Ke nOA nOJIOrOM JIHCTBeHHblX JIeCOB.
nJIOAbi C03peB31OT B HIOJIe-3BrYCTe.
DJI3r0113pH COllep}K3HHIO Ay6HJIbHblX Be1.l.leCTB 06JI3113eT
BSI}KYlllHMH. CBOHCTB3MH.
B CH6HpH nopOlllOK H3 CYXHX nJIOAOB HAeT AJISI H3lJHH-
KH B nHporH, HCnOJIb3yeTcH T3K}Ke K3K nHllleBOH Kp3CH-
TeJIb.
nJIOAbl lJepeMYXH C06Hp31OT BMeCTe C nJIOAOHO}KKOH B
CT3AHH nOJIHOH 3peJIOCTH, KorA3 OHH CT3HOBHTCH lJepHblMH
H npHo6peT31OT JIYlJwe BKYCOBble K3lJeCTB3. OHH JI.OBOJIbHO
154 CTOHKHe npH xp3HeHHH.

,
155

lfEPHI1KA
PaCTeT B COCHOBbIX, eJIOBblX H XBOHHO-MeJIKOJIHCTBeHHbIX
JIeCaX H B TYH.lI.pe, nOBCeMeCTHO Ha TeppHTOpHH eBpOneHCKOH
lJaCTH CCC, 3ana.ll.HOH CH6HPH, MeCTaMH B BOCTOtIHOH CH-
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