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B onpe.n.eJIeHHbIM 06pa30M CTPYKTyplipOBalIHoii HepBIWH CHCTeMe.
B npoCTeiillleM CJIY'Jae - 3TO npOCTaH pe JIeKTOpHaH ):Lyra C acjxpe-
peHTHbIM HeiipOHOM, nCnblTblBaJoruHM pa3.n.pa)J(eHIIe, npenparuaIOruliM
ero B HepBHblii I1MnYJIbC, nepe.n.aBaeMbIH 3 epeHTHOMY HeiipOHY,
CBH3aHHOMY C IICnOJIHHTeJIbHblM opraHOM. YCJIO)J(HeHHe pe JIeKTOp-
Hoii .n.ynI ocyrueCTBJIHeTCH 3a C'leT B03HIIKHOBeIlIfH H YMHO)J(eHIIH I
BCTaBOQHbIX HeiipOHOB, pacnO.T)O)KeHlIbIX Me)j(/l,y ):LnYMH OCHOBHbIMII,-
aqxpepCHTHbIM II 3(p epeHTHbIM. Pe JIel(TOpHbIii annapaT 06eCnelJlI-
BaeT Bce BHelllHIIe II BH:>TpeIlHlIe OTHorneHHH opraHH3Ma. TOHKaH
CTPYI<TypHpOBaHHOCTb ero JIe)!(JfT B OCHOBe ero TOHKOH 11 TOlJHOH
11
npllcnoc06JIeHHOCTll K 6eCKOHellHOMY pa3H006pa3IUO OKPYlliaJOIll.HX
BJIHHHHH.
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HaH cllCTeMa C03JI.aeT II COXpaHHeT elUIHCTBO OpraHll3Ma, 06eCnellll-
BaeT eMY CBH3b co CpeJI.OH, perYJIHl.lllIO BHYTpellHerO nOCTOHHCTBa
II BHYTpeHHeH ll3MeHlIliBOCTll H 3BOJIIOll.llIO. 3TOT )!{e pe<pJIeKTOpHbIH
MeXaHll3M JI.eJIaeT HepBHYIO CllCTeMY llaCTbIO OpraHll3Ma, ll3MeHHI0-
IlI.eHCH II YCJIOlliHHIOIlI.eiicH BMeCTe C HllM.
C TOlIKll 3peHllH pe<pJIeKTOpHOH TeOpllll HaJI.O nepeCMOTpeTb II BeCb
OrpOMHbIH MaTepllaJI no HHHepBaUllH KpOBeHOCHblX COCYJI.OB.
BeJI.b COCYJI.llCTaH CllCTeMa, npOHllKaH B opraHH3Me nOBceMeCTHO,
ocym.eCTBJIHH B3allMOBJIllHHllH OTJI.eJIbHbIX lJaCTei! opraIIll3Ma JI.Pyr
Ha JI.pyra, caMa BblcTynaeT B KalleCTBe He TOJIbKO TpaHcnopTHoro
cpeJI.CTBa JI.JIH pa3JIllllHblX BeIll.eCTB, HO H HHTerpllpYIOllI.erO Mexa-
Hll3Ma. OJI.HaKO Bce <PYHKUllH ee B03MOlliHbl TOJIbKO nOTOMY, llTO OHa
BOBJIelleHa B Kpyr HepBHOli JI.eHn'JIbHOCTH, T. e. HHHepBHpOBaHa.
J1aKYHapHaH CHCTeMa HH31llHX 6ecn03BOHOllHbIX, XOTH H BbInO.1HHeT
B KaKOH-TO CTeneHH <PYHKll.HH rYMopaJIbHOH IIHTerpaWIH, O..'lHaKO
Hll B KoeM CJIYlIae He MOllieT HMeTb 31WlIeHHH 06Il1.ero HHTerpllpoBa-
HllH llMeHHO nOTOMY, liTO OHa He 06.naJI.aeT c06cTBeHHOH CneUllaJIbHOH
HHHepBaUHeH. CaMOCTOHTeJIbHble cOKparu.eHHH, Bbl3bIBaIOIlI.He npo-
JI.BHllieHHe KpOBH H CBH3aHHble C nOHBJIeHHeM MbllllelIHblX 3JIeMeHTOB
B CTeHKe COCYJI.OB, npeBparu.aIOT KpoBeHocHYIO cHcTeMY B annapaT,
06ecnellHBaIOru.Hli H 06MeH, H B3aHMocBH3b, H B3aJIMOBJIlIHHHH OT-
JI.e.TIbHbIX llaCTeH opraHH3Ma.
OJI.HaKO BbInOJIHHTb 3TY <PYHKll.IIIO 6e3 YlIaCTlIH HepBHOH CIICTe\lbl
COcYJI.llCTaH CllCTeMa He MOllieT, TaK KaK nOJI.lIHHeHa ell II OT Hee
3aBllCllT B caMblX BalliHblX CBOIiX npOHBJIellllHX - B llYBCTBIITe.1b-
HOCTll II B nOJI.BHlliHOCTH.
To, liTO B OCHOBe COCYJI.HCTOH n0JI.Bll)J{HOCTH JIelliliT pe<pJIeKTOpHbUf
npHHll.lIn, 1I3BeCTHO Yllie JI.aBHO. Ho npeJI.CTaBJIeHHii 0 «npeJI.OXpaHII-
TeJIbHblX KJIanaHaX cepJI.ua» (11. <1>. IJ.1I0H, 1873), T. e. JI.enpeccop-
HblX HepBax, JI.a)!{e BMeCTe C KapOTIIJI.HO-CI1HYCHbIMIi HcpBaMIi eru.e
JI.aJIeKO He JI.OCTaTOllHO, lIT06bl nOJIHOCTbIO YHCHIITb ce6e 3TOT Mexa-
HII3M. EIlI.e 51. A. D.eJI.IOJIIIHbIM (1865a, 1868), a 3aTeMvI. n. naBJIo-
BblM (1877) nOI<a3allo, liTO pa3JI.pallieHlIe UeHTpaJIbHOrO KOHua JIIO-
60ro llYBCTBIITeJIbHOrO HepBa BeJI.eT K nOBblllIeHIIIO KpOBHHoro JI.aB-
JIeHllH, T. e. K 3<p<peKTY JI.BII)!{eHIIH COCYJI.IICTOH CTeHKII. D.PyruMH
CJIOBaMlI, pell.enTopHble annapaTbl, KOTopble HallllHaIOT peq)JIeKTOp-
HblH nYTb JI.JlfI Ba30MOTopHoro IIMnyJIbCa, MorYT JIelliaTb KaK B caMOH
COCYJI.llCTOH CTeHKe, TaK Ii BHe ee.
3TOT Bonpoc B 06Il1.eli np06JIeMaTl1Ke COCYJI.IICTbIX <PYHKUHii pa3-
pa60TaH Hall60JIee nOJIHO II MOP<POJIOraMH, H <pll3ll0JIOraMIi. Heiipo-
rllCTOJIOrHH 3HaeT 06 orpoMHoH HaCblru.eHHOCTH llYBCTBHTeJIbHbl\lH
OKOHlIaHIIHMII Bcex OTJI.eJIOB cocYJI.lIcToii CHCTeMbl; B <pH3ll0J10nm
K TeM JI.aHHbIM, llTO HMeJIHCb paHee, npH6aBHJIHCb CBeJI.eHHH 0 TOM,
'ITO JI.allie C COCYJI.OB opraHOB, pa3JI.palliaH HX pa3JIHlIHbl:\fH Beru.eCTBa!\m,
MOlliHO Bbl3BaTb 06Il1.He COCYJI.OJI.BHraTeJIbHbIC peaKIUII!.
12
O.n.HaKO, YlIUTblBaH, liTO cOcy.n.UCTaH nO;I.BU}!(HUCTh HBJIHeTCH
e.n.UHCTBeHHbIM MeXaHlI3MOM 061l1.cro npuCnOC06JIeHlIH KpOBeHOCHOii
CHCTeMbI K MeHHIOIII.UMCH YCJIOBIIHM B OpraHU3Me, HY}!(HO C OC06bIM
npHCTpaCTHeM pa30GpaTb II H3Y[IHTb HHHepBaUHOHHble MeXaHH3MbI
B Ca!lUIX cocY):LaX H B 06CJIY}!(HBaeMbIX I1MII OpraHaX, lIT06b1 nOJIHO-
CTblO YHCHIITb ce6e BOnpOC 0 cy6CTpaTe H .n.IIHaMIIKe 3THX npHCno-
C06IlTC.'IbHbIX peaKUllli.
11. n. naBJIOB npH):LaBaJI orpOMHoe 3HalleHHe a<plj:>epeHTHOMY
3BeHY pe<PJIeKTopHoi'1 .n.ym, YKa3bIB3H, liTO HMeHHO B 3TOH lIaCTIi H
3aKJIIOlIaeTCH Bce YCOBeprneHCTBOBaHHe BocnpHHTHH BceB03MO}!(HbIX
B03.n.eiicTBHlf. no OTlIorncmllO K COCy.n.HCTOH CHCTeMe 3TO OC06eHHO
Ba}!(HO. CTeHKa cocY):La, KOTopaH HMeeT .n.eJIO C orpOMHbIM pa3HO-
06pa3l1eM BCIlI.CCTB, B03HHKaJOlll.IIX B PC3Y.lbTaTe MHO}!(eCTBa 06MeH-
HblX peaKllHil II KOTOpaH Haxo.n.IITCH B HenpcCTaHlIoM .n.BH}!(eHHH,
.n.OJI}!(Ha 06JIa):LaTh npHcnoc06JIeHHeM JI.JIH HenpepbIBHoro perHCTpH-
pOBaHHH 3TUX XIIMlf'IeCKHX B03JJ:eHCTBHH H H3MCHeHHii c06CTBeHHoro
TOHyca. O.n.HaKO Bonpoc 0 COCY):LIICToii peuenUHH perneH TOJIbKO C
<paKTHlIeCKOII CTOpOHbl. B Tl'OpeTlf'leCKOM }!(e OTHorneHHH B HeM
II!\feIOTCH KpynHble npHHUHnIWJILHbIe pa3HOrJIaCIIH.
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liTO e.n.HHCTBeHHbIMH lIYBCTBI1TeJlbHbIMH 06.'IaCTHMH COCy.n.OB HBJIHIOTCH
OT.n.eJIhHbIe orpaHlilIeHHbIe YllaCTKII cocy.n.IICTOH CHcTeMbI - .n.yra
aopTbI, KapOTIIJJ:Hblii OIHYC II YCTbH JIerOllHOH H nOJIbIX BeH.
HeCMOTpH Ha TO, liTO H B npe}!(HHX, II B HaCTOHIII.HX HCCJIe.n.OBa-
HHHX HMeeTCH orp01\IHoe KOJIHlIeCTBO KaK Mop<pOJIOrHlIeCKHX, TaK
H cfJII3I10JIOrIllleCKHX .n.aHHbIX B nOJIb3Y lIYBCTBHTeJIbHOCTH Bcex OT-
):LeJIOB cocy.n.OB - npHlIeM cneUH<plIlIeCKOH JJ:JIH Ka}!(.n.oro OT.n.eJIa, -
TeopIlH 06 YHHBepCaJIbHOM 3Ha'IeHHH aOpTaJIbHblX II cliHoKapoTH.n.-
HblX pe<pJIeKCOreHHbIx 30H C Tpy.n.OM YCTynaeT MeCTO 60JIee npaBIIJIb-
HhIM npell.cTaBJIeHHHM.
HeT B .n.ocTaTollHoH Mepe lIeTKHX npeJJ:cTaBJIeHHil 11 0 npHHUHnax
lIYBCTBHTCJIbHOii HlmepBaUHH. YacTO ynoTpe6JIHIOTCH TepMHHbI «Be-
reTaTHBHaH», «CIIMnaTH'IeCKaH» "YBcTBHTeJIbHOCTb, a HeJJ:aBHO
B. H. YepHHroBcKHii (1949, a, 6) nI1CaJI 0 "YBcTBHTeJIbHOCTH, o6ec-
nelll1BaeMOH napacliMnaTlilIecKoH HepBIIOIf cHcTeMoH.
Bce IICCJIe.n.OBaml5l COBpel\feHHOii 3KcnepllMeHTaJIbHOH HeHporH-
CTOJIOrHH nOKa3b1BaIOT, liTO YHllBepcaJIbHblM npHHUHnOM BCHKOH
lIYBCTBHTeJIbHOU IIHHepBaUlIII HBJmeTCH lla.TIHlIHe cneIlHa,lblloro HeH-
pOHa, pacnOJIO}!(CHHOrO B cnUHHO- UJIII [lepenHOM03rOBOM lIYBCTBH-
Te.'IbHOM Y3JIe II nOCblJIaJOlll.ero OJJ:UH OTpOCTOK B HHHepBupyeMbIH
opraH, JJ:pyroH - B !.lC'HTpaJIbHYIO HCPBHYIO CHCTeMY. 11.aHHbIe, nOJIY-
lIellHbIe COBpeMCHHoii HeiiporHCTOJIOmeii, o.n.HOBpeMeHHO nO):LTBep-
.n.HJIIi MHeHHe, BblCKa3aHHoe B CBoe BpCMH A. C. 11.0re.leM (1896),
o TOM, [ITO lIYBCTBHTeJlhllblC KJICTKH MorYT pacnOJIaraTbCH H B raH-
r.1UHX CHMnaTlf'leCKOii 11:11I IIHTpaMypaJIbHOii lIepBHoii CHCTeMbl
(1'1. <}) HBaHoB, 1937; M. D.. 3aii):Lell6epr, 1952). Ho, He3aBHCHMO
OT .10KaJIII3aUlllf, 01111 no CBOIIM <PYIIKUHoHa.lblIhIM IIpll3HaKaM II no
CBH3HM C JJ:P)TIIMII HeiipoHaMIi JJ:OJI}!(HbI 6b1Tb OTHecellbl K aqxpepeHT-
13
HbIM HeHpOHaM, rOMOJIOrH'IHbIM HeiipOIJaM CnlIHIIO- IIJIII lJepenHOM03-
rOBbIX Y3JIOB.
Ha OCHOBaHlHl 60JIblllOrO KOJIH'leCTBa HCCJIeJI.OBaHllii tOn{HO
YTBep>K.lI.aTb, 'ITO COCYJI.IICT3H CHCTeMa nOJIY'IaeT 'IYBCTBHTe..lbHbIe
HepBbl B 3Ha'IHTeJIbHOii CTeneHII OT KJIeTOK CnlfHHOM03rOBblX Y3JIOB,
T. e. nOJI.'IHHHeTCH 06rn.eii CXeMC mJxpepeHTHOH IIHHepBaUlIli B opra-
HH3Me. He06xoJI.IIMO 60pOTLCH C 01ll1l60'IHblMH, nYTalOll(HMH Tep:\1H-
HaMH, TaK KaK TOJIbKO npamIJIbHbIe npeJI.CTaBJIeHliH 06 aqxpepeHTHblx
HeHpoHax JI.JI5I COCYJI.OB n03BOJIHT npliTTH K BepHoMY pellleHlI10 Bonpo-
ca 0 peq)JIeKropHoM x3paKTepe COCYJI.HCTbIX pe3KUliii, a TeM caMbl:\'! II
o TOHKoii npHcnoc06JIeHHOCTli 3TlIX peaKUHii K TeKYIlI.II:\1 nOTpe6HO-
CTHM H YCJIOBIIHM cyrn.eCTBOBaHHH opraHll3Ma.
KOHe'IHblM HTorOM KpOBo06parn.eHliH HBJIHeTCH HopMaJlbHblii
06MeH Bern.eCTB. COCYJI.HCTaH CTeIlKa BbInOJIlmeT B 06MeHe 'Ipe3BbI-
'IaHHO Ba}!{HYIO CPYHKUHIO: OHa 06ecne'IHB3eT npOJI.BH)!{eHHe KpOBH
H npOHHKHOBeHlIe Belll.eCTB H3 COCYJI.OB B TKaHIi II 06paTHO Opo-
JI.BH)!{eHHe KpOBH H 06MeH Bern.eCTB CBH3alIbl Hepa3pblBIIO. Ee3 ABII-
)!{eHHH He MO>KeT 6blTL 06Mena. 6e3 06MeHa He HY}J{HO JI.BHn eHHe.
KpOBeHOCHaH CHCTeM3 npHHHMaeT Y'IaCTHe II B 06MeHe C BHelll-
HeH cpe,JI:oii. 3TO oc06eHHO XOpOlllO Bblpan eno B JIerKIiX II B nllrn.e.
BapmeJILHOM TpaKTe. 3JI.eCb KpOBb OTJI.eJIeH3 OT 3JIC'MCHTOB BnelllHeH
CpeJI.bI TOHIUIMII CJIOHMH norp3iIII l lIIOH TKaHII H COCYJI.HCTOii CleHKH
H BocnpHHHMaeT aCCIIMHJIl1pyeMble cpaKTopbl B OTnOCHTeJlbHO :\taJIO
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JI.BH)!{HOCTH) 3TH Bern.ecrna K aCCHMHJIHPY10rn.IIM CTpYKTypaM II accII-
MHJIHPYH caMa, Y'IaCTByeT B C03JI.aHIIH BHYTpelmeH CpeJI.bl opraHH3M3.
y!JlHepBaUIiH COCYJI.HCTOH CTeHKH IIrpaeT B 3THX npOIl.eCcax orpOM-
HYIO pOJIb. l1MeHHo HepBHaH CHCTeMa C03JI.3eT KpOBeHOCHOH CIICTeMe
pecpJIeKTOpHbIii MexaHII3M, 06eCne'IHBaJOlll.liii TOHKYIO C6aJIaHCHpO-
BaHHOCTb eMKOCTH, CKOpOCHI I poBoroKa II BbICOTbl KpOBHHOro ,J.aB-
JIeHHH, He06xoJI.IIMbIX JI.JIH 06MeHHblX peaKIl.Ilii. EJIaro.J.ap51 eii KpO-
BeHOCHaH CHCTeMa 06JIaJI.aeT cnoc06110CTblO, C OJI.HOH CTOpOHbl, KOp-
pHrHpOBaTb B03JI.eikTBHH BHelllHIIX <)k1KTOpOB, C )J.Pyr0l1 - nOMep-
)!{I1BaTb nOCTOHHCTBO BHYTpeHHeii cpeJI.bI.
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XHMH'IeCKHe B03JI.eikTBHH IIJIH Ha paCTH)!{eHHe Bern.eCTBaMI1, BBOJI.H-
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HbIH TpaKT, JIenme), eCTb BbIpa)!{eHlle IIX lIlITepOpeuelITlIBHOH cnoc06-
HOCTl!. Ern.e TpY)J.Hee 3TO JI.OnYCTHTb B CJIY'IaHX, KOrJI.a TaKHe peaKUHH
nOJIY'IalOTCH B OTBeT Ha 3JIeKTpll ' leCKlle pa3JI.pa)!{eHIHI, npllJIO)!{eHHbIe
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ueJIbIH pHJI. BHyTpenHHX opraHOB cpH3110JIOm'IeCKII OTKpblT BO BHelll-
HIOIO cpeJI.Y, IIcnblfbIBaeT ee B03JI.eHCTBHe H, KOHe'IHO, JI.OJI)!{eH OOJIa-
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14
BocnpIIHHM8eTCSI .1H p83.n.pa>KClll1e BIlYTpeHHH:\1 Opr8HOM HJII1 KO.>KeH,.
KoropaSI, KCTaTli CK83aTb, C8Ma 06JI8).1.8eT BCeMli np1I3H8K<lMli BHYTpeH-
HerO opraHa, a no TOMY, OTKy.n.a lICXOJI.lIT pa3.n.pa.>KeHlIe - 1I3 BHelll-
HeH lIJIH 1I3 BHYTpeIlHeii: Cpe.lJ,bI. 11 lIMeHHO 1I3YlleHlIe lIHHepBaUliH
COCYJI.I1CTOH CHCTe lbI, ::noro Ba.>KHoro cpaKTopa C03,'I,aHHSI BHYTpeHHeii
cpeJJ:bI, npOJIbeT CBeT Ha HCTlIHHoe nOHlIM8IIlIe HHTepOpeLI.enUlili.
npli npaBlIJIbHOIf nOCT8HOBKe Bonpoca lIHTepopeuenwlSI npeBpa-
TliTCH B pefHCTpaWIIO OOMeHHblX peaI<UIIii: co BceM IIX MHoro06pa-
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06:.!eH Bern.eCTB, 6JIaro.n.ap5I 'leMY OTKpOeTC5I HOBaH, 60JIblllaH 1I lIH-
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Hble npoueCCbI.
Ba:>l\Hoii COCT8BHOIf llaCTbIO lIHTepOpeLI.enTlIBHOIf cnoc06HOCTH
hpoBeHocHblX COCY)),OB HBJIHeTCH xe:.!opeLI.enUlISI, T8I\ KaK XIIMlille-
CKlie npoueCCbl npeo6JI8JJ:aIOT B 06MeHHblX pe8KUlIHX. Ho COBpeMeH-
HaH naYKa BMeCTO Taro, 'lTo6b1 HCKaTb npH60pbI xlIMlI'lecKoH llYB-
CTBIITeJIbHOCTIi TaM, rJJ:e npeJJ:CTaBJIeHbl XHMli'leCKlie peaKLI.HH - B
06JIaCTH conpIIKocnOBeHlIH KpOSli II TK8HClf, T. e. B 06JIaCTH KanHJI-
JIHpHOrO PYCJIa, - cocpe)),OTOIlI1JIa CBoe BHHMaHI1C n8 TaK Ha3bIBa-
eMblX rJIo:.!ycax, npllnI1CaB 11:\1 BCIO nOJIHOTY perlICTpaLI.1111 XHMHlle-
CKHX C)),BHrOB B opr8HII3Me.
YlleHHe 0 Xel\lOpeuenTopax B ero l.OBpeMeHHOM BI1.n.e He MO.>KeT
YJI.OBJIeTBOpIlTb Hli :\lOpcpOJIOrOB, HII (jJ1I3110JIOrOB. OHO OCHOBaHO Ha
na6,110JJ:eHlIHX .n.C K8CTpO (de Castro, 1926), K8C8I0rn.I1XC5I 06HJIbHOH
llYBcTBlITe.lbHoi:j IIHHCpB8U11lJ l<apOTlI)),Horo Te.'la. OTCyTCTBHe xpo-
MacjxjmHllOii peaKUlIlI ero KJIeTOK, 0611JIbHaH BacKYJISIpH3aUHH H Ha-
.111'lHe 60JIblllOrO KOJ1H'leCTBa acpcj:>epcHTHblX npH60poB n03BOJIHJ1H
)),e KaCTpo BblCKa3aTb npe)),nOJIO.>KeHIIC 0 XeMOpeLI.emOpHOii CPYHK-
UIIlI ::noro 06pa30BaHI1H.
BCJIeJJ: 3a JJ:e KaCTpo xeMOpeLI.enTOpHl>le CPYHKLI.HlI CTaJ1H npHnl1-
CbIBaTb II CXOJJ:HbIM no CTpOeHI1IO C KapOTlfJJ:HbIM TeJIOM OKOJIOCep-
JJ:ellHblM nap8raHrJIIIHM.
OJJ:HaKo HCTOpHH p83BIITlIH KapoTlIJJ:HbIX Te:1 11 OKOJIOCep.n.ellHbIX
naparallrJIlleB rOBopIIT, 'ITO Bce KJ1eTKI1 IIX 06JIa.n.aIOT 60JIee I1JIH
"leHee BbIpa.>KeHHOii xpoMaqxpmmoii peaKUlleii. ::ha peaKLI.I1SI 3aBHCHT
OT cnOC061l0CTli 3TIIX KJleTOK BbIpa68TbIBaTb a.n.peHaJIHH H B CBSI3H
C UHKJ1H'lHOCTbIO ::Horo npouecca B Ka:>l{)),blii JJ:aHilbIii MOMeHT MO.>KeT
6bITb Bblpa:>l\eHa C pa3JIlI'lHOii HIlTeHCIIBHOCTbIO.
3Ta peaKUHH Co.ll1:>1<aeT K8pOTI1JJ:HbIe TeJIa II OKOJIOCepJJ:ellHbIe
naparaHr.ll1ll C M03rOBbIM BeIII.eCTBOM H8JJ:nOIJe'lHHKOB, KaK H LI.eJIbIH
pSI)), ;I.PyrIIx npH31laKOB, BnJIOTb )),0 CXOJI.CTBa pa"3BlIBaIOIII.HXCSI H3
HliX onyxoJIeiL
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.n.oro .>KeJIe3HcToro opr81l3, K8K H 06HJ1bHaH llYBcTBHTeJIbHaSi liH-
HePBaLI.I1H. ,1\\03roBoe Bern.eCTBO H8JJ:nOlle'IHHKa, KOTopoe no 06rn.eMY
np'H3HaHlIIo BbIpa6aTbIBaeT aJJ:peHaJIHH, paBHbIM 06pa30M 60-
raTO BaCKYJ1SIpH3HpOBaHO H HHHepBHpOBaHO,
15
<1>YHKll.IUI CHHTe3HpOBaHI151 lJe11l.eCTB H liX Bbl.n.eJIeHIHI, HeCO-
MHeHHO. CBH3aHa C Heo6xo.n.HMOCTbIO perHCTpUpOB Th Ka1.JeCTBO H Be-
JIWlHHY 3TllX npOll.eCCOB. n03TOMY HeT HH1.JerO y.n.llBliTeJTbHOrO,1.JTO
GJn3ll0JIOrll B CBOllX OnbITaX Hell3MeHHO nOJIY1.JaIOT nO.n.TBepM.n.eHlle
HaJIll1.JllH 6blCTpblX pecpJIeKTOpHblX OTBeTOB Ha BBelteUlle B KapOTlfll-
HOe TeJIO XllMll1.JeCKllX BelileCTB.
OCHOBHblM B03paMeHlleM npOTlIB Teop II II «rJIOMYCOB - xe-
Mopell.enTOpOB - 51BJI5IeTCH OTCYTCTBlle no.n.o6HblX 06pa30BaHHH B 1e-
CTax. r.n.e 06MeHHble npoueCCbl npe.n.CTaBJIeHbl ocooeHHO C6llJIbHO.
T. e. B 06JIaCTll KanllJIJI5IpHOrO PyCJ1a Boo61l1,e II B TaKllX opranax, KaK
MeJIe3bI, nllIll.eBapliTeJIbHblH TpaKT, ne'leHb II nOlJKa, B 1.JaCTHOCTH.
Bonpoc 0 xe1\mpeuenTopax COCy.n.llCTOii CTeHl<H .n.OJI)KeH 6bITb
nepeCMOTpeH B CBeTe nOBblX MopcpoJIOrll1.JeCKHX II cpll3'IOJIOrll1.JeCKIlX
.n.aHHbIX. TeopeTIl1leCKHe npe.n.CTaBJIeHIUI 0 1.JYBCTBllTeJlbHOCm l<pO-
BeHOCHblX cocy.n.OB .n.OJI)j{Hbl Y1.JllTbiBaTb II pe3YJIbTaTbl MHOrOIJnCJIeH-
HblX MOpcpOJIOfH1.JeCKHX If cpll3HOJIOrll1.JeCKIfX Ha6mo.n.eHllii. .n.OKa3bl-
BaIOIll.IfX cnoc06HOCTb opraHHblX cocy.n.OB Y1.JaCTBOBaTb B aq,cpepeHT-
HblY. peaKUlf5lX, B TOM IJIiCJIe Ii XllMII1IeCKIIX.
4pe3BbIIJaHHO cJIa60 pa3pa60TaH Bonpoc 0 CB5I31i cOCy.n.HCTOii
cnCTeMbI C opraHaMH. y13BeCTIIO. 1.JTO no OTHOllleHIIIO KO MHorlfM opra-
HaM, oco6eHHO Me.rre3IfCThIM, KpOBb 51BJI5IeTC5I He TOJIbKO cpaKTcpOM
ilHYTpeHHeil Cpe.n.bI .n.aHHoro opraHa, 1I0 He06xo.n.!I:\18 H .n.JIH ero cne-
unaJIbHOH q,YHKUIfJl, .n.JI5I KOTOpOH opraH IJepnaeT H3 !lee BeIll.ecTBa He
TOJIbKO .lI.J1H c06CTBeHHoro 06MeHa, HO n B HHTepecax Bcero opra-
Hll3Ma, Bblpa6aTblBa51 ll3 3TllX BeIll.eCTB ceKpeTbI, ropMOHbl llJIn
3KCKpeTbI.
B CB5I31f C cpYHKuneH KpOBll 06eCne1.JHBaTb H o61l1.lfii OOMeH Be-
meCTB, If CneUHaJIbHble q,YHKUHIf opraHOB B03HHKaeT Bonpoc 0 MeCT-
HOM opraHHOM KpOB006paIll.eHllll II 0 HepBHblX MexaHll3Max ero pery-
JIHll.llll. COBpeMeHHa51 cpll3HOJIOrll51 XOpOlllO 3HaeT, IJTO .n.JI5I o.n.HOBpe-
MeHHoro paBHOMepHoro KpOBOCHa6)j<eHH5I opraHOB KpOBn B
opraHll3Me HeXBaTaeT. C .n.PyroH CTOpOH!>I, YCTaHOBJIenO, 1.JTO, !leCMOT-
pH Ha 3TO, B opraHll3Me CYIll.eCTBYIOT CneUHaJIbHble opraHbI-.n.eno,
y.n.epMllBaIOIll.He B ce6e 3Ha1.JllTeJIbHhle KOJIll1.JeCTBa KpOBn. 11, H3KO-
Hell., H3BeCTHO, IJTO B CJIY1.Jae HeG6xoJUlMOCTn 60JlblllOe I<OJIlJlleCTBO
l<pOBll MOMeT 6bITb nepe6pollleHo B pa60TaJ01ll.nH opraH, T. e. rJIaBHa51
Macca KpOBll 6y.n.eT UHPKYJIHpOBaTb no Kpyry: cep.n.ue - pa60TaIO-
'UHH opraH. Bce 3TO .n.OKa3blBaeT, IJTO MeCTIIOe opraHHoe KpOBO-
06paIll.eHlle npe.n.cTaBJI5IeT C060H peaJIbHOe 51BJIeHHe, HanpaBJIeHHOe
B OCHOBHOM He CTOJIhKO Ha nllTaHHe opran3, CKOJIbKO Ha 06ecneIJe-
Hlle B HeM cneum}m1.JeCKllX YCJIOBHii 06Mella, CB5I3aHHoro C ero cne-
ll.Hcpll1.JeCKoi'i q,YHI<ll.Hei'l, !le06xo.n.HMOii .n..151 Bcero opraHH3Ma KaK ue-
JIoro. 3apam::e MOMHO cKa3aTb, IJTO r JIaBHaH 3a.n.aIJa 06eCne1.JeHll51
nOTpe6HOCTeH nHTaHl!51 If cneumpn1.Jecl\Oro 06"'1eHa opraHoB na.n.aeT
Ha KanHJIJI5IpHOe PYCJIO. HMeHHo KanHJIJl5Ip BCTynaeT B Teclleiilllee
conpHKOCHoBeHHe C fHCTOJIOfH1.JeCKHMn CTpYKTypaMH opraHoB. l1MeH-
HO B 06JIaCTH KanllJIJI5IpOB ocyuleCTBJI5IIOTC5I Bce CJIOMHeHllllle Ii
TOH1.Jaiillllle npoueccbl o6MeHa MeM.n.y KpOBblO II KJIeTl<oii.
16
O.n.HaKO HymHo CKa3aTb, liTO Bonpoc 06 flHHepBaLl.IUI KanflJIJIHpOB
npe.n.CTaBJIHeT O)J,HO 1I3 HaH60JIee TeMHbIX MeCT B CliCTeMe 06rn.IIX npe.n.-
CTaBJIeHUH 0 I1epBHblx npfl60pax COCY)J,flCTOH CTeHKU. HapH.n.y C nOJI-
HblM oTpuuaHueM KaI\HX 6bl TO HU 6bIJIO HepBOB U ux OKOHlIaHUH Ha
KanUJIJIHpaX, lIMeIOTCH YTBepm.n.eHIIH 06 lIX 06f1JIbHOH lIHHepBaLl.IIlI.
)leJIo YCJIo)j\HHeTC5I ern.e 1I TeM, liTO B HaYKe HeT OKOHlIaTeJIbHorO
peWeHIIH BOnpOCa 0 CTpOeHIUI KamIJIJIHpHOH CTeHKH. B pa3HbIX lIC-
CJIe.n.OBaHIIHX KanUJIJIHpbI BblcTynaJOT TO KaI{ 3H.n.OTeJIHaJIbHbie TPY-
60llKlI, TO, KpOMe 3H)J,OTeJIlI5I, 06JIa.n.aIOT KJIeTKaMI1 PY}Ke, nepHLl.II-
TaMU, a.n.BeHTULl.lJaJIbllbIl\1II KJIeTKaMIi Ii T. .n.. 0 cpYHKLl.flHX 3TUX KJIe-
TOK TO)j(e BbICKa3bIBaJOTCH nO-pa3I10MY, nplmIICblBaH lIM pOJIb TO
COKpaTIITeJIbHbiX 3JIeMeHTOB, TO COe.n.HHIITeJIbHOTKaHHOrO KaM6IIH,
TO rIICTUOuIITapHblX CTPYIUYp.
TaKUM 06pa30M, IiCCJIe.n.OBalIlI5I no HHHepBaUlflI KanHJIJIHpOB
HeMl!IlyeMo .n.OJI)j{HbI conpOBO)j{)J,aTbCH 1I peweHlIeM Bonpoca 06 fiX
rIICTOJIOrUlIeCKOM CTpoemm. KpoMe TOro, KanllJIJIHpHOe PYCJIO II ero
HepBHoe cHa6)j(eHlIe )J,OJI)jUlbl II3Y<IaTbCH He Bo06w.e, a B Kam.n.oM op-
raHe B OT.n.eJIbHOCTH, nOTOMY <ITO npaBIIJIbHO 6y.n.eT 3apaHee npe.n.-
nOJIOmHTb, liTO cneumpIIlIeCKue (PYHKUHII opraHOB B TOli HJIH HHOH
Mepe CBH3aHbl CO cneuucpHlIecKoll CTPYKTypoli HX cocy.n.OB.
Ho KanUJIJIHpbl He BbInOJIHHJIII 6bI nOJIHOCTbIO CBoeH CPYHKLl.1I1I -
y.n.OBJIeTBOpHTb cneumpW!eCKIIe nOTpe6HOCTlI pa60TaIOrn.ero opraHa,--
eCJIH 6bI B CIICTeMY MeCTIIoro KpOB006palllglIu5I He 6bIJIII 6bI BKJIIO-
'lellbI MexaHII3MbI, perYJIIIpYIOrn.IIe npHTOK KpOBH B KanHJIJI5IpHOe
PYCJIO opraHa, KpOMe Tex, I<OTopble CO BpeMeHH 1'1. M. CelleHOBa H3-
BeCTHbl no.n. UMeHeM «KpaHOB», T. e. MblWClIHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB npeKamIJI-
JIHpHbiX apTepUH. Ew.e A. IlIYMJIHHCKHH (1782) 06HapymIIJI, liTO
B nOlme lIaCTb apTepnaJIbHbIX BeTBeii nepexo.n.IIT np5IMO B BeH03HbIe,
a 11. B. EYHJIbCKHii (1844) BfI.n.e.n coe)J,lmeHUH BeTBeH BOpOTHOH fI ne-
lIeHollIloii BCH. EJIaro,'l,ap5I 3TIIM CoeJI,UHeHflHM KpoBeHanOJIHeHIIe
KanflJlJI5IpOB nelJeHII MO)j(eT 6bITb pa3HblM B Ka)j()J,bIH )J,aHHbifI MOMeHT.
3aTeM KJIo.n. EepHap (1859) 0611aPY}KIIJI co06rn.emm Mem.n.y apTe-
pfl5IMU II BeHaMIi CeJIe3eHKII, Y'IaCTBYloW.lIe B .lUiHaMIIKe KpOBOTOKa
1I KpoBeHanOJIlIellIHI CIIIIYCOB. PaBHblM 06pa30M II B KOiKe r. XoliepOM
(1876) I<OHcTaTlipOBaHbI aHaCTOM03bI Me}K.n.y apTepH5IMII II BeHaMII.
3a BpCM5!, UCTeKllIee C MOMeHTa 3T1IX OTKpblTIIii, no.n.o6lIbie II .n.py-
rIle oo.nee npocTble H uOJIee CJI01KHbIe MeXa!lH3MbI, HanpaBJIeHHbie Ha
06eCnelJCEIIe fl3MeHlIlIBOCTII II OTIIOCIITeJlbHOii He3aBIiCIiMOCTIi opraH-
Horo KpoBOToKa, 06HapY}KeHbl nOllTIi BO Bcex opraHax.
EJIaro.n.apH IIM B Iwm.n.OM opraHe C03.n.aeTCH CBoe COUCTBeI-IHOe KpO-
Bo06parn.eHIIe, CTporo npIicnoc06JIellHOe B Kam.n.bIii .n.aIlHbIH MOMeHT
K CPYHKUflOHaJIbIlOMY COCT05IHlIlO 3TOro opraHa, rapaHTIIpYIOrn.ee
eMY po.n. OTHOCUTeJIbHOii cpfl3110JIOmlleCI<oii He3aBflCIIMOCTII OT o6rn.ero
KpOBOTOKa.
HecKoJIbKO cxeMaTII3I1pY5I, MO)jUlO CI(a3aTb, '1TO 06rn.ee apTepIIaJIb-
Hoe KpOBo06paw.eHfle 5!BJI5IeTC5! B OClIOBHOM MexaHWIeCKIIM cpaKTopOM
KpOBOCHa6memI5I opranOB, l{anHJIJI5IpHOe }Ke - XIIMWleCKUM. B op-
raHHOM, MeCTHOM I(POB006paw.eHIIlI OCYILl.eCTBJI5IeTCH ux flCTIIHHoe
2 T. A. rpnropLclhl
17
e]J.HHCTBO, TaI{ KaK XHMHqeCKHe HBJIeHHfl 06MeHa BeIll.eCTB B OpraHaX
B CHJIbHOH CTeneHH 3aBHCflT OT MeXaHHqeCKHX YCJIOBUH KanUJIJIflp-
HOrO KpOBOo6paIll.eHHfl, MeXaHllqeCKHe )Ke YCJIOBHfl nO.lPlHHfllOTCfl
XHMH'leCI<HM nOTpe6HOCTflM.
HaJ],o CKa3aTb, 'ITO BOnpOC 0 MeCTHOM KpOBOo6paIll.eHHH B CBoe
BpeMfl CTaBHJICfl B CPU3HOJIOrHH. EIll.e B 1876 r. H. O. KOBaJIeDCKHH
rOBOpHJI 0 Macce MeXaHHqeCKHX npHcnoco6J1emIH B cocYJ],ax ne-
'IeHH, Kc,TopbIe 3aMe}J,JIfllOT KpOBOTOK H npeBpaIll.alOT CKC,pOCTb B J],aB-
JIeHHe. B OJ],HOH H3 nOCJIeJ],YIOIll.HX pa60T H. O. KOBaJleBcKHii (1885a)
npH3bIBaJI K HCCJleJ],OBaHHIO qaCTHOro KpoBOo6paIll.eHHfl B pa3JIH'IHblX
06J1aCTflX opraHH3Ma. B 3TOM }!{e roJ],Y (18856) OH nOJLp06HO II3Y'IHJI
oc06eHHOCTH KpoBeHocHoif CHCTeMbl CJlIOHHblX )KeJle3 H 3TH oco6eH-
HOCTII KpoBoTOKa pacCM3TpllBaJl KaK cfJaI{TOP, 06eCneqHBalOIll.uti HX
cneUHcfJH'IeCKOe cfJYHKUHOImpOBaHHe. PaBHblM 06pa30M H H. K. KYJlb-
'lHUKHil (1882) cqHTaJl, lITO cneUIH!m'IeCKafl cfJYHKUHfl opraHa BO
MHOroM 3aBHCHT OT cneumpHlleCl<Oro YCTpoikrna ero cocy.n.IICTOH
CHCTeMbl.
OJ],HaKO nOCTaBJleHHblC H. O. KOBaJleBCKHM (1860-1885) BO-
npOCbl cjJH3HOJlOmfl He pa3pa6aTbIBaJIa. n03TOMY, HeCMOTpfl Ha 60Jlb-
WOH MaTepHaJI, HaI<onJleHHbliI Mopqx)J]omeH no OTHOllleHHIO K Mexa-
HH3MaM, o6eCneqHBaJOllI.lIM II3MeHQlIBOCTb KpoBeHanOJlHeHlUl Ka-
nHJlJlflpOB B opraHax, Y'Iemlfl 0 MeCTlIOM opraHHoM KpOBOo6palll.eHHII
Y Hac HeT.
BepOflTHO, n03TOMY H B MopcfJOJlOrHII HeT eJ],HHoro npe.n.CTaBJlemJ5I
o <PYHKUHOHaJIbHOM 3Ha'IeHHU Bcex onHCblBaeMblX elO apTerHfO-
BeH03HblX aHaCTOM030B, 3anHpaTeJlbHbiX apTepHH, apTepHO-Beii03Hb1X
MOCTHKOB, nepeBOJ],fllll.HX KaHaJIOB H T. .11.., XOTfl J],a>Ke IfHHepBanHOH-
Hble npH60pbl MHorHX H3 3TliX 06pa30BaHHH H3BeCTHbl.
BCKpblTHe MexaHH3MOB. npII nOMOIll.H KOTOpblX HepBHafl CIICTeMa
OCYllI.eCTBJ15IeT KOHTpO.iib HaJ], MeCTHblM KpOBOo6palll.eHlIeM, Bblpa-
)KalOllI.Hikfl B TO'IHOM npmlOpaBJIHBaHHH ero K HY>K.n.aM opraHa,
paClliHpfleT 3aJ],a'IY, TaK KaK TOJIKaeT II Ha II3YQeHlIe lUmepBaUHH
caMIIX opraHOB II B nepBYIO Ollepe.n.b acfJcpepeHTHoii, ClImaJllI3UpylO-
llI.eH 0 COCTOflHlI1I II nOTpe6HOCTflX opraHa.
Bce 6eC'IlICJleHHble npOflBJleHlIfl coCy.n.IICTblX cfJYHKuuil, Ha'IIIHa51
c pacnpeJ],eJleHlIfl 60JIblllUX KOJlU'IeCTB KpOBU no KpynHblM apTepHflM
H KOH'Iafl TOHQailllleH IIrpoiI nepucpepUlJeCKHX COCYJ],OB, CBOJ],flTCfl
K O.n.HOMY CBoikTBY COCYJlHCTOl'i CTeHKU - K ee no.n.BII)KHOCTU, Bblpa-
:>t<aJOllI.CHCfl B YMeHbllleHiflI II YBeJllI'IeHIIH npOCBeTa COCYJ],OB. Mop-
q;OJIOrH'IeCKHM cy6cTpaTOM 3TOiI cnor06HocTH MeHflTb CBOH KaJIH6p
KpOBeHOCHafl CHCTeMa 06fl3aHa HaJIH'IHIO MbllllellHblX 3JIeMeHTOB II HX
IIHHepBau HH . O.n.!iaKO COBpeMeHHafl cfJH3HOJlOmfl He pelllHJla OCHOB-
HOro Bonpoca - COBeplllaeTCfl JIH 3Ta .n.BHraTeJIbHafl HHHepBaUHH
COCy.n.HCTblX MbllllU O.n.HHM 3cfJcfJepeHTHblM HepBOM HJlH Ba30KOHCTpHK-
UIIfl H Ba30.n.HJIflTaUHfl c6eCne'IHBalOTCfl cneunaJIbHblMH cocy.n.OCY)KH-
BaJOllI.HMII H cocy.n.opaClllHpfllOIll.IIMH HepBaMH.
B HCTOpIIII Bonpoca 0 no.n.BH)KHOCTH cOCy.n.HCTOH CTeHKH BeCb-
Ma 60JIblllOe 3Ha'IeHHe HMelOT .n.Ba cfJaKTa: 06HapY>KeHHe B 1842 r.
18
A. n. BaJlbTepOM cocy.n:ocymlmalOIlI.ero .n:eilcTBH51 CHMnaTHqeCKOrO
HepBa H OTKpblTHe B 1865 r. B J1a60paTOpHH 11. M. CeqeHOBa
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pOBaHH51 CHMnaTHlIeCI<HX Ba30KoHcTpHKTOpOB. 06£1 3TH cpaKTopa
.n:oJlroe BpeM51 OCTanaJlHCb He no.n:mep>K.n:eHHbIMH Mopcjx>J10rHlIeCKHM
3KcnepHMeHTOM. XOT51 OI\OHliaHlI51 Ha MbIwellHbIX 3J1eMeHTax cocy.n:OB,
nplIHa.n:J1e>KaIlI.lIe Hel!plITaM KJleTOK aBTOHOMHbIX Y3J10B, Bn.n:eJI eIlI.e
A. C. JloreJlb (1898), HaCT05lIlI.He .n:OKa3aTeJlbCTBa 6bIJllI nOJlYlleHbl
J1HWb B 3KcneplIMeHTe.
CeHlIac MbI 3HaeM, liTO nOCTraHrJ1110HapHbIe BOJlOKHa CHMnaTH-
qeCK011 HepBHOH CIlCTeMbl 0611J1bHO cHu6malOT cocy.n:bI CBOllMH pag-
BeTBJleH1I5IMlI, OI\aHqllBalOIlI.lIMlIC5I Ha cOCy.n:lICTbIX MblWIJ.ax THnHq-
HblMH KOHIJ.eBbIMH annapaTaMlI. nepe.n: HeiiporHCTOJIOflleH CTOllT
3a.n:aqa - 3KcnepllMeHT3J1bHO BbI51CHlITb OTHoweHlIe K COCy.n:aM HeH-
pHTOB KJIeTOK TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIX napaCIlMnaTlIlIeCI<HX Y3J10B.
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TeopllH, rllnOTe3, .n:ora.n:OK H npe.n:nOJIO>KHTeJIbHbIX BbICKa3bIBaHlIH.
npe.n:CTaBJIeHH51 conpeMeHHoii 1I3110JIOfllll 0 CYIlI.eCTBOBaHHH cne-
IJ.HaJlbHbIX cocy.n:opaClimp5l1OIlI.lIX HepBon OCHOBaHbI Ha OTKpbITHH
KJIo.n: EepHapoM (1859) na30.n:lIJI5lT1IpYIOIlI.erO .n:elICTBlI51 6apa6aHHoH
CTPYHbl H 5l3blllHOro HepBa, no.n:KpenJIeHHOM TaKHMH me .n:aHHbIMH
3Kxap.n:a (1863) no OTHoweHUlO K Ta30BOMY HepBY (n. pelvicus).
HecMoTp51 Ha TO, 1lTO nOCJIe ony6JIlII\OnaHlI51 3TlIX cpaKTOB npOlilJIO
yme MHoro BpeMeHH, lIX HHKTO He nOnblTaJIC5I nepeOIJ.eHlITb, YlIHTbI-
Ba51 HOBbIe .n:aHHbIe, npHo6peTeHIlbIe HaYKOH 3£1 lICTeKlilHH nepHO.n:.
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THlieCKHe (no COBpeMeHHCH TCpMlIHOJIOfllll) BOJIOKHa. BO-BTOpbIX.
MbI TaKme 3HaeM, liTO «napaCHMnaTlIlieCKlIe»l BOJIOIma B HHX 51n-
JI51IOTC51 nperaHrJlllOHapHbIMH, a CHMnaTHlieCKHe - nOCTraHrJIHO-
HapHbIMH.
n03TOMY, pa3.n:pama51 3TH HepBbI, Mbl lIMeeM CMelilaHHbIH 3cpcpeKT
OT Bcex Tpex BlI.n:OB BOJIOKOH. KpoMe Toro, H3BeCTHO, qTO nepe-
pe3Ka ClIMnaTlIlIeCl\OfO HepBa, HanpaBJI51IOIlI.erOC5I K CJIIOHHOH meJIe3e,
HHHepBHpyeMoH 6apa6aHHOH CT[;YHOH, .n:aeT TOliHO TaKOH me 3cpcpeKT-
paClillIpeHlIe cocy.n:OB meJIe3bI,- KaK H pa3)1pameHlIe caMOH 6apa6aH-
HOit CTPYHbI. Depepe3Ka me 3TOH nOCJIe.n:HeH He COnUOBO)K.n:aeTC51 cy-
meHlIeM cocy.n:OB.
KpoMe Toro, 3a6bIBalOT caMoe rJIaBHoe. <PYHKIJ.H51 opraHOB, HH-
HepBlIpyeMblx 3THMH HepBaMH- «cocy.n:opaClilHpHTeJI51MH» (CJIIOHHbIe
meJIe3bl, 3peKTHJIbHbIe opraHbI), Hep33pbIBHO CB513aHa c pa3.n:pame-
1 Mbi CTOIlM lIa TOH TOqKe 3pelillH, KOTopaH CqllTaeT, qTO TepM1I1i «rra-
paCIIMnaTlIqeCKaH HepBliaH CIICTeMa» B HaCTOHU\ee BpeMH nOTepHJI CBoe.
q,H3110JIOrHqeCKOe II MOpq,OJIOrHqeCKOe 3l1aqellHe. OCHOBalille 9TOMY 6Y.l\eT .l\aHO
B O.l\lIoii H3 nOCJIe.l\YIOU\IIX lIalllllX pa60T.
2*
19
HHeM HX "YBCTBHTeJIbHbIX BOJIOKOIJ II OCYllI,eCTBJI5IeTC5l TOJlbKO npH
YCJJOBHH p8C1lmpeHH5l cocy.n:OB. D03TOMY B IlmJIoreUe3e .n:OJImeH 6bIJI
CJJOmHTbC5l MeX8HH3M, oOeCnellHBaJOIll,Uii p8CIIJllpeHlIe COCyn.OB npH
p83.n:pmKeHlm "YBCTBHTe.TIbUbIX HepBOB 3TIIX Opr8HOB. DOBU.n:HMOMY,
31'01' MeX8HH3M 5lBJI5IeTC5l pel}J.'IeKTOpHbI:\l, OJIlI3KUM K T8KOBO:\lY me,
BbI3bIB81OIlI,eMY cOCy.n:Op8CIIJllp5llOllI,uii 3l\JtPeKT B OTBeT 118 p83,'J:p8-
>KeHHe .n:enpeccopHoro HepB8 cep.n:U8 II aopTbI. Bo BC5lKOM CJJY"8e
ClIHT8Tb cocy.n:Op8CIIJHp5l1Ow.ce .n:eiicTBHe, H80JJlo.n:8eMoe npu p83;J:pa-
>KeHHH 68p8681lHoii CTPYllbI, 513bIlIlIoro II Ta30Bora HepBOB, .n:OK83a-
TeJIbCTBOM CYIlI,eCTBOB8HH5l CneUll8JIbHbIX COCY;I.0p8CIIJUpmOw.HX Hep-
BOB MbI ceH1I3C yme lie MomeM.
DonbITKII .n:OK838Tb npHCYTCTBue cOCy.n:0P8CIIJIIP5lIOW.HX HepBOB,
npe.n:npHH5lThle rOJIbTIJ.eM (Goltz, 1874), B CBeTe cOBpeMeHHbIx .n:8HHblX
Ha.n:o npH3HaTb HeCOCT05lTeJIbHbIMU. C TOlfKII 3peHII5l l\JH3110JIOnm,
OHH lIpe3BbI1I8HHO cnopHbI, T8K KaK MHorlIe aBTopbI, nOl3TOpIIBIIJUe
OnbIT rOJI, bTU8 npHIIJJIH K OTpllU8TeJIbHbiM PC3YJIbT8T8M. MOPIPOJ1O-
rH5l p8BHbIM 06pa30M He MQ)KeT npe.LI.CT8BIITb .n:OKa3aTeJIbCTB H8JIH.
1JH5l B CTeHK8X COCYJJ.OB JJ.BIIraTeJlbHbIX BOJIOKOH, OTJIU1I81O-
IlI,HXC5l .n:Pyr OT .n:Pyr8 TeMnOM .n:ereHep8UIIU nOCJJe nepepe3KH.
Bee 8BTOpbI, HaCT8HB8IOw.He H8 cYIlI,eCTBOBamm CneUll8JIbHbIX
cOCy.n:Op8CIIJHp5lIOIlI,HX HepBoB, BbIHYiK.n:eHbl npH3H8Tb, liTO 3TH HepBbI
He HMelOT o61l1,eii MOPIPoJIOrHlleCl<oii xapaJ<TepllCTIIKH, ue OUJI8.l1.81OT
eo6CTBeHHbIM TOHYCOM. KpoMe Toro, II ueHTpbl IIX nell3BeCTIlbI. Heon-
pe.n:eJIeHHOCTb TepMIIHoB npHBo.n:IIT K TOMY, liTO OK83blB8IOTC5l cny-
'f8HHbIMII npe.n:CT8BJIeHII5l 0 Mex8HlI3:\le .n:eiicmll5l II 06 3qxpeKTe .n:eii-
eTBII5l.
H8H6oJIee npoliHo .n:epiKIITC5l 13 cOBpeMelluoi1llm3110JIOrHH KOHuen-
UH5l EeHJIlICa, nplInIlCblBaJOIUa5l cOCY.lI.Op8CIIJHp5l10mee .n:eHCTBHe
qYBCTBHTeJIbHblM 38.n:HeKOpeIIJKOBbIM BOJIOKHaM, cnocooHbIM 5lKOUbI
K 8HTH.n:pOMIIOMY npOBe,'l,eHUlO HepBflOra IIMnYJIbc8.
EellJIuc OCHOBblBaeT CBOIO KOHuenumo lIa 5lKOUbI cBoiicTBeHHoli
npe- H nOCTr8HrJIliOH8pHblM BOJIOKIJaM BereT3TIIBIIOii HepBllOii cu-
CTeMbI (L8ngley 8nd Anderson, 1891; Wernoe, 1925) cnoco6HOCTil
npoBo.n:HTb HepBllblii lIl\mYJIbC aHTII.lI.pOMIIO, T. e. npOTIIB X0.ll.8 pcl}J-
JIeKTopHoiI .n:yrH. Mex8HII3M 3TOro npOBe.ll.elHI5I 6eiiJIIIc nepeHociiT
Ha qYBcTBHTeJIbHbIe HepBllbIe 130JIOl<IIa II ClIl!TaeT, lITO .n:.15l ocyw.eCT-
BJIeHH5l aHTII.n:pOMHOii Ba30.n:IIJI5ITaUIIIl ue06XO,'l,IIMO, lIT06bl al\JlpepeUT-
HbIe npiluopbl p8CnOJIar8JIIICb Obi C130llMil KOllellHblMIl BeTOliKaMH
Ha cocy.n:ax H na OI{pymalOw.llx TIWII5lX O,'l,1I0BpeMeIlHO. B ::)1"0;\1 CJJY-
1Jae pa3.n:pmKeHIIe, IIcxo.n:5lw.ee H3 OKPYi1WIOW.IIX COCYll. TKaueii, BbI-
30BeT B COOTBeTCTI3Ylow.eii 13eTOliKe peuenTOpa uepBHblii UMnYJIbC.
STOT HMnYJIbC, HanpaBJI5lHCb UeHTpOCTpeMIITeJlbHO, 13 MeCTe OTXOiK-
)J.eHH5l OT OCHOBHoro "YBCTBHTeJIbHOra BOJIOKHa BeTOliKII K COCY.LI.Y
MeH5leT H8npaBJIeHlle, npeBpaIll,a5lCb B aUTH,'I,pOMUblii, II, lI.OCTllra5l
cocy.n:8, Bbl3bIB8eT era paCIIJHpeHlle.
H8HBHOCTb H aHTHl\JH::'UOJIOrllllnOCTb 3TOii KOHuenUUII HaCTOJIbKO
OqeBH.n:HbI, liTO Bee, nbITaJOIll,HeC5l ee OCMbICJJUTb, e.n:IIHo.n:YIIJHO npH-
Xo.n:5lT K BbIBO.n:y 06 ee IPH3Ho.TIOrIllieCKOii lIeCOCT05ITeJlbIlOCTU.
¥
He.n:apOM B03HIIKJIO )KeJIalllle UO'b5lCHliTb paCIllllpeHIIe cocy.n:OB
npIl pa3.n:pa}l(C'HIIII lIYBCTBIITeJIbllblX lI pBOE Bbl.n:eJIellIleM B 06JIaCTH
I1X OKOHlIaJIIIii pSl.n:a MeTa60J111T0B, 06JIa.n:aJolll,IIx cocy.n:OpaCIlUlp51lO-
IlUlM .n:eiiCTBlleM.
Ha.n:o nOMIIllTb, liTO HeiiponOB, He BOBJIelleHHblX CTPYKTypHO
II «PYHKUIIOnClJIbHO B peq)JIeKTOpHble .n:yrIl, B OpraHH3Me He CYlll,eCT-
Byer. 3Ha1.JIIT lIeT H aJITH.n:pOMIlOro npOBe.n:eIllISl, TaK KaK pe<PJIeKTOp-
Ha51 .n:yra C0061l1,aeT lIeiipOIlClM .n:llHaMlI'lecKYlo nOJI5IpIl3aUHIO H npo-
Be.n:eHHe UMnYJ1bCOB TOJIbKO B 0.n:1l0M onpe.n:eJ1eHHOM HanpaBJIeHIIH
no xo.n:y ee, a He ClHTU.n:pOMIIO.
He cJ1Yllaiino H. n. naBJIOB, KOTOpblii B ]932 r. B n51Tblll pa3
113.n:aBaJI CBoii «,[lBa.n:uaTIIJIeTlIllii onblT 06'beKTlIBHoro H3YlleHH51
BblCllleii HepBllOll .n:eSlTC'JIbHOCTII (noBC'.n:C'H1ISl) }KIIBOTHblX», IIlI B O.n:HOll
CTaTbe lIe orOBOpIlJI, liTO, KpOMe peqlJIeKCa, 3Toro «e.n:HHCTBeHHoro,
CTporo eCTeCTBeHHO-HaYllHoro npe.n:CT3BJIeIIlISl», eCTb elll,e aKCOH-
perrJIeKC.
!lpynlMH CJIOBaMlI, TaK KaK BCKpbITlle 3aKOHOB COCy.n:HCTOll no-
.n:BH}KHOCTII npo.n:OJI}KaeT OCTaBaTbCSl nepBOOtlepe.n:Hoii H Ba)KHeHllleH
3a.n:aQeii TeopeTIIlI(,CKOii U npaKTlIlICCKOii MC'.n:UUllllbl, HY)KHO B 3TOll
06JIaCTII - EO BCSJKOM CJIytwc no OTIIOIllC'IIlIIO K Ba30.n:HJISlTaUIIH-
KpHTIIlIeCKII nepeoueIllITb CTClpble q'aJ\Tbl H KOHuenUHH 11, YllHTbIBaSi
Bce HOEce, tITO B 3Toii oom1CTII B lIacTOSJllI,ee BpeM5I H3BeCTHO, CO-
3.n:aTb Teopmo, npu6J11I}KaJOIllYIO Hac K npaBlIJIbHCMY nOHUMaHHIO Me-
xaHH3MOB cocy.n:uCToii no.n:BII}I,HOCTH.
B CB5I3I1 C 3TUM ocoooe nIllIMaHlle HY}l,HO 06paTlITb Ha MexaHII3MbI
MeCTl!oro Kporoo6palll,eHII51 - OIllI B03HIIKJIII II CYlll,eCTBYIOT JJ.JISI
06ecne t leHHSl opraHH3MY cnoc06110CTII YBeJIlltlllBaTb KpOBeHanOJI-
HeHIIe opraHOB B onpe.n:C'J1ellllble MOMeHTbl IIX .n:eSlTeJ1bHOCTH.
He OTOpble co06pa}l(eIllISl no 310MY nOEO.n:y MO}KHO BblCKa3aTb y)Ke
U ceiillac: HanpllMep, 3al\pbITlle apTepll0-Bell03Horo ClIIaCTOM03a KO)KH
HeMIIHyeMo Bbl30BeT paClllllpeHlle KamlJ1JI5IpOB B onpe.n:eJ1eHHOH
ee 06JIaCTH.
He3aBl1CHMO OT 3Toro, pa3pC'llleIme BonpoCOB Ba30.n:UJI5IT3UIIH BbI-
BC'.n:eT UCCJ1e.n:OB3H1ISl 3a npe.n:eJ1b1 113YllellIlSl HepBOB, CBSJ3aHHbIX
Henocpe.n:CTBeHHO C cocy.n:IICToii CTellKoii. B nOIlCKax pe(!JJIeKTOpHbIX
MeX3I1113MOB, 06ecnC'lIlIBalOllI,UX B830.n:IlJISJTClUHIO, npu.n:eTC51 06paTHTb-
C51 K C006pa}KeHHSJM H. n. naMOBa OTHOCUTeJIbHO TOro, liTO npo-
ueCCbl TOpMO}l,eHIISJ TaK }I,e cEoiiCTBelIIlbI I1epBIIblM ueHTpaM, KaK H
npoueccbI E036Y}K.n:eIIHSl. A COCT05lIllle 3aTOpMO)KeIiHOCTIl B MOTO-
HeHpOlIaX cocy.n:oB I1pIlBe.n:eT B CBOIO Otlepe.n:b K CIII1}KeHUIO TOHyca
cOCy.n:UCTbIX MbllUU H K paCIllHpeIllno cOcy.n:l!CTbIX npocBeToB. no-
BHJ1HMOMY, npoueccLI TOpMO}KeHII5I B HC'pmlblx ueHTpax B HOpMaJIb-
HblX YCJIOBH5IX TaK )Ke CTporo .n:03lIpOBClHbl II ueJIeC006pa3Ho Ha-
npaBJIeHbl Ha JJ.oCTII}I,eHIIe onpe.n:eJ1eHHbIX ueJIell, KaK H npoueccbI
B036Y}K.n:eH 1151.
lIeHHe 06 HHHepBaUHH KpOIJeHOCHblx cccy.n:OB TeCHO CBSl3aHO
H C np06JIeMoii Tpcxpl1l1eCKOrO .n:eikTBI1Sl lIepBHoH CHCTeMbI, B lIaCT-
HOCTH, CI1MnaTHlleCKOH. ECTecTBeHHo J1YMaTb, '-ITO HepBHbIe annapaTbI,
21
HMelOIlI,He OTHOllIeHHe K nO,n:BHmHOCTH coCy.n:HCTbIX CTeHOK H K H3Me-
HeHH5IM npOCBeT8 CaMHX COCy,n:OB, ,n:OJImHbI HMeTb OTHOllIeHHe H
K MeT860JIH3MY CTpYKTYP, nOJIyqalOIlI,HX nHTaTeJIbHble Bern.eCTBa H
KHCJIOpO,n: H3 KpOBeHOCHOH CHCTeMbI. O,n:HaKO 3T8 npaBHJIbHa51 H,n:e51
B Tpy.n:8X p5l,n:a HCCJIe,n:OBaTeJIeii rHnepTpoqmpOBaJIaCb-npeBp8THJIaCb
B TeOpHIO a,n:anT8UHOHHo-TpoqmqeCKoro .n:elICTBH5I CHMn8THqeCKOH
HepBHOH CHCTeMbl, 5IK06b1 nO,n:qHHHIOIlI,eH ce6e MeTa60JIH3l\1 BCeX B03-
6y.n:HMbIX TKaHeH, B TOM qHCJIe H HepBHOH.
CHMn8THqeCK851 HepBHaH CHCTeMa, 5IBJI5151Cb KOHeqHblM 3BeHOM
ueHTp06e)KHb1X HepBHbIX npH60pOB COCy,n:HCTOH no,n:BHmHOCTH, He
MmKeT 6b1Tb X03HHHOM opr8HHoro MeTa60JIH3Ma, a no,n:qHHeHa ueHT-
p8JIbHOH HepBHOH CHCTCMe H BMeCTe C HeH OCHOBHOMY 3aKOHY CPH3H-
onorHH lIepBHOH CHCTeMbI - pecpneKTOpHOMY CPYHKUHOHHpOBaHHIO.
B H3yqeHHH HepBHoii TpOcpHKH B CB5I3H C cory,n:HCTOH no,n:BmK-
HOCTblO 38KJIlOqaeTC5I 6oJlbllIa51 H HHTepeCHa51 06JIaCTb HCCJIe,n:OBa-
HHll, K KOTOpOH no CYIlI,eCTBY HaYKa eIll,e He npHcTynHJIa.
Ha npHMepe HHHepBaUHH KpOEleHOCHbIX COCy,n:OB pelliaeTC5I eIll,e
O;;:Cia BmKHa51 H 3anYTaHH851 np06neMa. 3TO B3aIlMOOTHOllIeHH5I
cnHHHOM03rOBOH H BereTaTHBHOH HepBHOH caCTeMbI. B CBoe BpeM5I
H. M. 5IKy60BHq (1857a, 6) H KJIo,n: EepHap (1871) no,n:qepKHBaJiH
06Il1,HOCTb nnaHa cTpOeHH5I 3THX ,n:BYX OTJJ.eJIOB HepBHoH CHCTeMbI.
O,n:HaKo B ,n:anbHeHllIeM B03HHKJIa H,n:e51 06 HX pa3JIHqHHX, Ha 6a3e
KOTOpOH H BblpOCJIa TeOpH5I, npoTHBonOCTaBJI5IIOIlI,a51 HepBHYIO CH-
cTeMY paCTHTeJIbHblX CPYHKUHH TOH, KOTOpa51 HK06b1 oCYIlI,eCTBJI5IeT
<PYHKUHH COMaTHqeCKHe, T. e. Be,n:aeT OIll,YIlI,eHH5IMH, npOH3BOJIbHblMH
,n:BHmeHH5IMH H T. ,n:. DpOTHB 3Toro HenpaBHJIbHoro nOHHMaHH5I COOT-
HOllIeHH5I aBToHoMHOH H COManlqecl\OH HepBHoH CHCTeMbI B CBoe
BpeM5I BblCTynan H A. A. 3anap:'sHH (1937, 1941), oc06eHHo HaC1 aH-
BalOIlI,HH H8 06111HOCTH CTPYKTypbl HX, BblpamalOIlI,eik51 B cTpoeHHH
no THny pecpJIeKTOpHoH ,n:YrH.
KpoBeHocHbill cocy,n: oc06eHHo Jl.eMOHCTpaTHBHo nOKa3bIBaeT 060-
e,n:HHeHHe aBTOHOMHOH H COMaTHqecKoH HepBHoH CHCTeMbI B 06ecne-
qeHHH e.n:HHoH CPYHKUHH - KpOB006paIll,eHHSI H 06MeHa BeluecTB.
3aJI.HeKopewKoBa51 qYBCTBHTeJIbHa51 KneTKa CTpOHT ueHTpoCTpe-
MHTeJIbHOe KOJIeHO pecpJIeKTOpHoH ,n:yrH, ueHTp06e)KHOe me ee 3BeHO
o6pa30BaHo KneTKOH Y)Ke 8BTOHOMHOH HepBHoH CHCTeMbi.
DOBH,n:HMOMY, Ha 3TOM nYTH HCCJIe,n:OBaHH5I pecpneKTopHblX ,n:yr,
o6pa30B8HHblX HeHpoHaMH 3THX ,n:BYX OT,n:eJIOB HepBHoH CHCTeMbI,
JIemHT HOBOe np8BHJIbHOe TonKOBaHHe MopcponOrHqecKoro H CPYHKUHO-
H8nbHoro 3HaqeHH5I aBTOHOMHOH HepBHoH CHCTeMbl, KOTopoe npHBe.n:eT
H8C K TeopHH e,n:HHoH HepBHcH CHCTeMbI, Be,n:alOIlI,eH K8K TOqHOH npH-
cnoc06neHHocTblO opraHH3M8 K BHelliHeMY MHPY, T8K H perynHpylO-
IlI,eH Bce ero BHYTpeHHHe CPYHKUHH, B KOHeqHOM CqeTe Tome 06yc-
JIOBJIeHHble BnH5IHHeM cpe,n:b1 H Haxo.n:5IIlI,HeC5I B nOCT05lHHbIX, XOTSI
H onocpe,n:oBaHHblx, KOppeJI5ITHBHbIX OTHOWeHH5IX C 3TOH cpe,n:oH.
Co BceM 3THM CB5I38HbI H qHCTO Me,n:HUHHCKHe BonpocbI. ,[LaBHo
p.3BeCTHO, qTO qaCTO pacCTpoHcTB8 KpoB006paIll,eHH5I 3aBHC5IT He OT
naTOnOrHH cep,n:ua, a OT caMHX COCy,n:OB. 3HaHHe HHHepBaUHOHHblX
22
OTHOlIJem!I1 B 06nacni COCYJI.Hl:TOH CTeHKU BO MHOroM OOner'lHr
nOHHMaHHe naTOrene3a 60JIe:meHHblX COCT051HUii, a B KOHe'lHOM UTore,
BCKpblB npU'lUHbI cpU3uonOrH'leCKHX cpeHOMeHOB, n03BonUT, npunmKUB
nOJIyqeHHble 3HaHU51 K naTonoruu, npeJI.OTBparn.aTb 60ne3Hb Hnu pa-
UHOHaJIbHO ee ne'lUTb.
CoBpeMeHHa51 HeflporHCTOnOrH51 OOna.D.aeT CBe.D.eHU51MU no OT-
HOlIJeHHlO KO MHorUM U3 nOCTaBneHHbIX 3.D.eCb npooneM. TaK.
orpOMHblH cpaKTU'leCKUH Marepnan no 'lYBCTBUTMbHOH UHHepBaLl.UU
KpOBeHOCHblX COCY.D.OB HY)K.D.aeTC51 rnaBHbIM 06pa30M B KpUTU'leCKOM:
pa360pe H CUCTeMaTH3aLl.UH. J1HIllb B HeKOTOpbIX pa3.D.enax :nOH
06naCTH Tpe6YJOTC51 .D.0nOnHUTeJlbHble 3KcnepUMeHTaJlbHbie .D.aHHble.
3To :>Ke OTHOCHTC51 U K COCY.D.OCY)KUBaJOrn.eii HImepBaLl.UU KpOBe-
HOCHblX COCY.D.OB. MaTepHaJi 3.D.eCb, XOT51 U ne TaKOII OOIllUpHblH KO-
JIU'leCTBeHHO, HaCTOJIbKO e.D.uHoo6pa3eH Ka'lecTBeHHo, 'lTO Y)Ke ceii-
'lac MmKeT 6bITb HCnOJIb30BaH JI.Jl51 060CHOBaHHbiX BblBO.D.OB.
B ueJlOM )Ke p51JI.e pa3.D.eJlOB, KaCaJorn.UXC51 HHHepBaLl.HH KpOBe-
HOCHbIX COCY.D.OB, He06xo)l.HMbI U .D.OnOJIHUTMbHbIe cpaKTbl. 3m B nep-
BYJO o'lepe.D.b OTHOCHTC51 K Y'leHHlO 06 HHHepBaLl.mi KamiJIJlHpOB,
K Y'leHHJO 0 MexaHH3Max, nOMep:>KHBaJOrn.ux na Heo6xo)l.HMOM ypoBHe
MecTHblH KpOBOTOK, K Y'lemuo 0 Ba30.D.UJl51TaUUH H XeMOpeLl.enLl.HH.
Bce 3TU cTapbie U HOBbie cpaKTH'leCKHe JI.aHHbIe, pa::s06paHHble
H CHCTeMaTU3upOBaHHble noJI. yrJIOM 3peHU51 pecpJleKTOpHOH TeopHH,
n03BOJl51T Mop4x>JIOraM npUH51Tb Y'laC1He B pa.:>pemeHUH OOl1.1.eH CPH-
3UOJIOrU'leCKOii 3a,!la'lU - B pa3paOOTKe TeopHU CPYHKLl.UOHUpOBaHUS!
COCY.D.UCToii CHCTeMbI, - a B pH.D.e CJlyqaeB JI.a.D.YT npaBO CT8BHit.
nepeJI. cpU3nOJIOrneH H HOBbie BonpOCbI.
fJIaBa II
I1HHEPBALlI151 EOJ1bllII1X COCY)J.OB fPY)J.HOH n0J10CTI1
KaK Y}Ke YI<33aHO B npe.lUiCJlOBIni, B rpynny 60JIblllIlX cocy.n:OB
rpy.n:HOH nOJIOCTIi OTHeCelIbI npliCep.n:e'IHble 'IaCTH aOpTbI, 06eHx
nOJIblX BeH, JIerO'IHOH apTepHII H JIero'IHoii BeHbI, T. e. CO y.n:bl. KO.
TOpblMU Ha'IIIHaeTCH H 3aKaIl'IHBaeTCH 60JIblllOii H MaJIblii I{pyr KpO-
Bo06paIll.eHHH. 3TH COCY.ll.bl HenOcpe.n:CTBeHiIO CBH3aIlbl C nOJIOCTHMH
cep.n:ua, H 3TO 06CTOHTeJI, bCTBO HBJIHHCh 061UHM .n:JIH II1IX, HeCOMHeHHO.
)),OJI}KHO HaJIO}KHTb I1a nIlx II 'IepTbI I1eKOTOpoii CPYHKUliOHaJIbHOii
06Ill.HOCTH. TaK, nOJIble BeHbl B e.n:I1H1luy BpeMeHII .n:OJI}KHbl npHHecTH
cep.n:uy CTOJIbKO KpOBJI, CKO.TJbKO npIlHIIMaeT OT Hero B 3TOT }Ke CpOK
JIerO'IHaH apTepHH. PaBHblM 06pa30M Ii aopTa .n:OJI}KHa B e.n:HHHUY
BpeMeHH npliHHTb TO KO.'1I1'IeCTBO KpOBII, KOTopoe npHHeCJlIl JIerO'IHbIC
BeHbl.
TaKHM 06pa30M, HecMOTpH I1a pa3JIlI'IHYIO 061UYI0 eMKOCTb 60JIb-
Illoro H MaJIOrO Kpyra KpOBOo6paIll.eHlIH, 60JIblllIle cocy.n:bI rpY;1,HOH
nOJIOCTH B IIHTepeCax COXpaHeHlIH nOpMaJIblIOrO npoTeKaHII51 npo-
uecCOB lJ.HPKYJI51UHII .n:OJI}I\HbI co.n:ep}KaTb B Ka}K;J.blii .n:aHHbIH MOMeHT
o.n:HHaKoBble KOJIH'IeCTBa KpOBH.
HeCOMHeHHO, 'ITO H caMO cep.n:ue 06JIa.n:aeT MexaHll3MaMII, B TO
'IHCJIe II HepBHblMH, .n:JIH nOJJ.lI.ep}KaHIISJ 3TIIX COOTIIOllleHIIH. 1-l3
Toro, 'ITO Mbl 3HaeM 06 ero I1HHepBauIlH. SJBcTByeT. 'ITO HepBHble
npH60pbl, o6eCne'IIIBalOllUle elllY 'IYBcTBIITeJI bIlOCTb II nO.ll.BII}KHOCTb
(peuenTopbl II raHrJIHOHapIlble CKOnJICHlm), pacnOJIO}l{eIlbl B OCHOB-
HOM B Henocpe.n:cTBeHIIoii 6JIH30CTII I{ oTBepcnIHM 60JIblllUX cocy.n:OB.
EOJIbllle TOro, IIHHepBaUHoHIIble nOJIH cep.n:ua I1enpepblBHo nepex0l151T
B HHHepBauHoHHble nOJI51 npIlcep.n:e'IlIbIX 'IacTeii 60JIblllllX cocy.n:OB
rpy.n:HoH nOJIOCTH, oc06eHHo B 06JIaCTH Bna.n:eHH51 nOJIblX II JIero'I-
HblX BeH.
TaKHM 06pa30M, MO}KHO 3apaHee npe.n:nOJIO}KIITb, 'ITO aopTa II JIe-
rO'IHaH apTepHH B MeCTe CBoero OTXO)l{.n:eIIliH OT cep.n:ua II nOJIble II .le-
ro'IHble BeHbl B MeCTe HX Bnal1eHHH B cep.n:ue .n:OJI}KHbl Co.n:ep)KaTb cne-
UHaJIbHblH HepBHbdi lIIeXaHli3M, pa60TalOIll.I1ii CO.!l.pY}KeCTBeHHO C Ta-
KOBhlM }Ke caMoro cep)J.ua H HanpaBJIeHIIblii. KaK H 3TOT nOCJle.n:HIIII,
Ha nOMep}KaHIIC B3aIlMHoru COOTBeTCTBIl51 npIlTeI<3IOIll.erO H OTTeKalO-
Ill.ero KOJIH'IeCTBa KpOBII. MexaHH3M 3TOT B nepBYlo o'Iepe.lI.b .lI.0JI-
}KeH 6hlTb npe.lI.CTaBJIeH onpe.n:eJIeHHblMII peuenTopHhlMII npH60paMII,
24
TaK KaK IIMellHO 01111 H3 1 1ll11alOT pCljJJ1eKTOpHhIe .lI.yrll, CnOCOOHbIe n0.ll.-
.lI.ep>KHBaTb HOp:\IaJIbHble OTHOlileHlIH 3TOrO CJIO}!{HOrO KOMnJIeKCa
OpraHOB.
HY>KHO CKa3aTb, '-ITO 60JIbUme COCY.lI.bI rpY.lI.lloii nOJIOCTH HeO.lI.HO-
KpanlO CJIY)KHJIU 06beKTOM HCCJIe.ll.OBallllH, O.ll.IJaKO He BceM HM BHH-
MaHlle Y.lI.eJIHJIOCb B paBHoii Mepe. TaK, UMeeTCH 60JIblilOe KOJIH'-IeCTBO
pa60T, nOCBHru.CHHblX U3)"leHlIIO 1II1HepBaIJ.UU .n.YrH aopTbI, MeHblilee-
nOJIblX BeH 11 JIHlilb e.lI.lIl1l1 l lllble pa60Tbl KacmOTCH CTpoeHlIH HepBHblX
npll60pOB JIero'-lHoii apTepll1l U JIero'lHoii BeHbl. 3TO 06CTOHTeJIbCTBO
06'bHCHHeTCH, O'-leBU.lI.HO, J.I.BYMH npU'-IUHal\m: C O.lI.HOII CTOpOHbI, KJIH-
HHIJ.liCTbl HaCTOii'-lIlBO nplIBJIeKaJIIi BHHMmme liCCJIeJJ,oBaTeJIeil K BO-
npocaM cep.lI.e'-lHoii II aOpTaJIbHOii 60JIJI, C .lI.Pyroii-HeYKJIOHHO pa3-
BllBaJIaCb TCH.lI.eHIJ.IIH npiinIlcaTb BCIO COCY.lI.IICTYIO '-IYBCTBHTeJIbHOCTb
onpe.lI.eJIeHllblM He60JIblIJilM Y'JaCTKaM KpOBeHocHoro PYCJIa Ii C.lI.eJIaTb
HX OTBeTCTBeHHblMIl H 3a nO;I;J.ep)KaIlUe h:pOBHHoro ,;J,aBJIeHIISI, H 3a
BblpaBHllBaHlle ero OTl{JIOlleHliii B naTOJIOnlIl. 3Ta nOCJIe.lI.HHH TeH-
.lI.eHIJ.U5I II:\leeT CBOII UCTOI<II B paOOTax H. (1).1Luolla, KOTOpblii B 1866 r.
OmiCaJI JJ,enpeccopHoe .lI.ei1cTlme BeTO'-lKIl 6JIY>KJJ,aJoru.ero HepBa, 6epy-
ru.eH Ha'-laJIO B .lI.yre aopTbI B6mull ee BblX0.ll.a 113 JIeBOrO >KeJIY.lI.O'IKa.
lIHTepec KJIIIHIIIJ.IICTOB K Kap;U1O-aOpTaJIbHOii 06JIaCTlf CJIY)KIIJI
H .lI.O cux nop CJIY)KIIT npJllllllloii n05IBJIeHII5I 60JIblIJOrO KOJIlI'-lecTBa
aHaTOMII'-IeCKIIX, 3KCnepll!\lellTaJIbHblX U 1{JIIIHII'-IeCKIIX H aOJIlO.lI.ell 1111
OTIIOCllTe:ILIlO xo;ta II pacnpejJ.c.leIlJUI 'IYBcTBIITeJIbHbIX npoBok
HUKOB B OOJIaCTIl lIa l IaJIbllOii IWCTlI aOpTbl. Cpe.lI.u paGOT 3TOro pOJl.a
Ha.lI.O Ha3BaTb IICCJIe,!l.OBmllle LlalllleJICnOJIY (Danielopolu, 1927),
B KOTOpOM 011 nO,TJ.pOOHO pa3pa6aTbmaeT TonorpaljJlIIO '-IYJ3CTBIITeJIb-
HblX nYTeii OT Cep,!l.Lla II .lI.)TII aopTLI. U 311Hrepa II Wnnre.151 (Singer u.
Spiegel, 1927), nOCB5Ili eHIIOe 113Y l leHIIIo XO.lI.a 3ljJlpepell1Hblx npo-
BOJl.HIIKOB 01' aOpTbl. Eli e paHbllIt' 31'11 )he BonpOCbl pa3pa6aTbIBaJIH
110HecKo II HoneCKY (Jonesco u. Jonescu, 1926), a cpaBHHTeJIbHO He-
.lI.aBHO T. C. HCTaMaHoBa (l!:J40) IICCJIeJ].onaJIa aopTY JIloJ].eii, norIl6-
lllIlX 01' pa3JIII'IHbiX 3aOOJIeBaHIIH, C IJ.eJIblO Bbl5IBIITb Mop4x>JIOrIl-
'-Ieclmii cy6CTpaT COCy,l.1ICTbIX Hap)'wcHllii )' :nux 6o.1bHbIX.
06HapYJKeHIIe l1. <P. lI.UOHOM (1866) .lI.enpeCCopHoro HepBa, :noro,
no ero BblpmKeHlIIo, <<npe)J.oxpaHIITe.lbHoro IwanaHa cep;I.IJ.a», 06JIa-
.lI.aJoru.ero cnoc06HOCTblO npii nOBbIlueHUU .lI.aBJIeHIIH B aopTe peIPJIeK-
TOpIJO Bbl3bIBaTb 3aMe.lI.JIellUe cepJJ.e'lIlOH .lI.e5ITeJIbIiOCTH H paClIJIIpelIHe
cocY.lI.OB TeJIa, oco6eHHO B 6plowlloii nOJIOCTII, npIlBJICKaJIO K ce6e
CHallaJIa CpaBHlfTe.lbHo MaJIOe BHIIMaIme IICCJIeJl.OBaTe.leii. JlUlllb R OT-
;:I.eJIbHblX pa60Tax JJ,aHHble I L <1>. lI.lIolia OblJIII npoBepeHbl, nO.lI.TBep-
)J{.lI.eHbl II paclllupeHbl. TaJ{, CblOeJI H WTeiiHep (Se\\'al a. Steiner,
1885) nOKa3aJIU, lITO 06ru.ee KpOB5IHOe .lI.aBJIeHIIe nOCJIe nepepe3KI-I
n,enpeccopHoro HepBa nOBbIWaeTC5I. A. E. L.MUpHOB (1895) ')6H< PY>Kt1JI
B 3KcnepliMeIlTe pacnpoCTpaHeHuc Jl.enpeCCOpHoro HepBa H Ha 06-
JIaCTb npeJl.cep.lI.llii, a KecTep (Koester. 1901) npoCJIe.lI.uJI ero .lI.ere-
HepaIJ.lllO ,!I.O Jl.yTU aopTbl, lITO nOTOM 6blJIO nOJl,TBep)KJ].CHO IIM >Ke
COBMeCTHO C YepMaKoM (Koester u. Tschermack, 1902). J3b1JIH no-
nblTKU BCKpbITb MeXallJ13M .lI.eHTeJIbHOCTU .lI.enpeccopa TaK, Jl. Jl.<1Jo-
25
.paHOB (1908) .lI.onycKaeT, GTO BOJIOKHa ero .lI.OCmrmOT cocY.lI.o-
paCllIHpHTeJJbHOrO ueHTpa B npO.lI.OJIrGBaToM M03ry.
Pe3KOe o(;oCTpeHHe HHTepeca K HHHepBaUHH aOpTaJIbHOii 06JIaCTH
Ha6JIIO.lI.aeTC51 C MOMeHTa o6HapY)KeHH51 (nocJIe 11. HaBaJIHxHHa,
1870, H Pagano, 1901) XepHHroM (Hering, 1923) cHHOKapOTH.lI.HOH
peq,JIeKCOreHHoi'i 30HbT, COBnaBlliero no BpeMeHH C onHcaHHeM
.lI.e KaCTpo (1926) 06HJIbITblX II CJJO)KllblX peuenTopoB B CTeHKe Kapo-
TH.lI.HOrO cHHyca. l-lcCJIe.lI.OBalme .lI.e KaCTpo ony6JIHKOBaHo nOqTH
O.lI.HOBpeMeHHo C pa6oTOH TeJIbO (Tello, 1924), nOCB51lueHHOH H3-
yqeHHIO pa3BHTH51 OKOHqaHlIH .lI.enpeCCopHoro HepBa. 3TH HCCJIe.lI.O-
BaHH51 nO.'JO)KHJIH HaqaJIO ueJ10ii cepHH pa60T 0 q,YHKUHOHHpOBaHHH
H CTpoeHHH HepnHbIx npn60poB .lI.BYX 3TllX 06JIaCTeii COCY.lI.HCTOH
CTeHKH.
l1.lI.e51 0 cOCpelJ,OTOqemlH Bcex peuenTOpHblx npH6opOB .lI..TJ51 pecp.neK-
TOpHOro perYJIJlpOBaHH51 KpOB5IHOro .lI.aBJIeHH51 B He60JI blliHX , XO-
pOlliO .lI.OCTynHbIx HaMIO.lI.eHHIO H 3KcnepHMeHTHponaHHIO yqaCTKaX
COCY.lI.HCTOi'1 CHCTeMbl 6YKBaJIbHO OCJJenllJIa llCCJIelJ,OBaTeJIeH. EblJIH
3a6b1Tbl CTapble .lI.aHHble 0 COCY.lI.HCTbIX pe<pJ1eKCaX C JIIOObTX qYBCTBH-
TeJJbHblX HepBon (51. A. .lle.lI.IOJHin, 186Ga, 1868), 0 qYBCT6HTeJJbHOCTH
KanHJIJISIpOB (Heger, 1887) H ueJ!::i51 CepH5I pa6oT, nOKa3bIBalOrn.IiX
H .lI.OKH3bIBalOrn.HX HaJIHqHe orp0MHoro KOJInqeCTBa qYBCTBHTeJIbHbTX
OKOHQaHHH B CTeHKax cocY.lI.OB JIIOOblX o6naCTeH TeJJa (A. C. !J.oreJ1b,
1897a, 6, 1898; Glaser, 1914a, b 11 .lI.p.).
Y)Ke B 1929 r. KaH (Kahn) BblCTynHJI co CBoeH TeopHei'1 npecco-
perYJI51TOpOB (<<ynpaBHTeJIeH» KpOB5IHOro J1.aBJIeHHH), COrJIaCHO KO-
TOpOH BC5I BJIaCTb pe<pJIeKTOpHoro perYJIHpOBaHH51 KpOB5IHOro .lI.a-
BneHH51 H Cep.lI.eqHOH .lI.eHTenbHOCTH OT.lI.aeTC51 aqxpepeHTHbIM CHCTeMaM,
HaqHHalOrn.HMC51 B .lI.yn' aOpThI, B MeCTax OTXmK.lI.eHH51 OT Hee 60JIblliHX
apTepnanbHblX CTBOJIOB, H B KapOTHlJ,HOM cHHyce n no 6JIY)K.lI.alOrn.eMY
H 5l3blKOr JIOTOqHOMY HepBaM .lI.OCTHrmorn.HM COOTBeTCTBYIOrn.nx HepB-
HblX UeHTpOB. 4eTblpe ro.lI.a cnYCT51 Xei'IMaHc, EYKKepT H PeHbe
(Heymans, Bouckaert et Regniers, 1933) nO.lI.BO.lI.5lT HTor CBOHM H
CBOIiX COTPYl1HHKOB MHOrOqHCJIeHHbTM pa6OTaM, KOTOpbIH no cyrn.e-
crny HHqeM He uTnHqaeTC51 OT BbIB0110B KaHa H rJIaCHT, qTO Pe<Pne-
KCOreHHa51 qYBCTBHTeJIbHOI;Tb COCY.lI.OB He o6rn.a, a cneUHanbHa H npH-
ypOqeHa K Kapl1Ho-aop dnbHoH H cHHoKapoTH.lI.HOH 30HaM. 311ecb
SIKo6bT HaqHHaIOTC51 pe<pJIeKCbl, ynpaBJISIIOrn.He Ba30MoTopHbTM H cep-
.lI.eqHO-TOPM03HbTM TOHYCOM, H HHKaKHe l1pyrHe OTpe3KH COCY)J.HCTOH
CHCTeMbI He MorYT CJIYLl<HTb MeCTOM n03HHI\HOBeHH51 aq,q,epeHTHbiX
HMnynbcoB H npHqHHOH COOTBeTCTBeHHblX pe<PJ1eKTOpHbTX peaKUHH.
B CB513H C 06rn.HM HHTepeCOM K peuenTOpHOH <PYHKUHIi aopTanb-
HOH 06nacTH n051Bn51IOTC51 H CneUHaJ1bHbTe HeHpOrnCTOJIOrnqeCKHe
HCCJIe.lI.OBaHH51, B KOTOpbTX aBTopbl HX n0l1po6HeHlliHM 06pa30M onH-
CbTBalOT BHelliHHH BH.lI., pacnpOCTpaHeHHe H cneUHq,HqeCKHe qepT
pacnOnO)KeHHbTX 311eCb peuenTopOB. KpOMe ynOM51HYToro y)Ke TeJJbo,
A. 4epH51XOBCKHH (1929, 1938) B pa60Tax 0 pa3BHTHH HepBHoH CH-
CTeMbT cepl1ua, OKOHqaHHH l1enpeccopHoro HepBa H HHHepBaUHH Kapo-
TH.lI.Horo cHHyca nOKa3bIBaeT, KaK B TeqeHHe 3M6pHOreHe3a BonOKHa
26
6JIym.D.8JOIlI,ero HepB8 BHe.D.pSlJOTC5i B 80PTY, p8Cn8.D.8JOTCSl B ee CTeHKe
H3 60 r8TblH, p8cnpocTp8HSlJOIlI,lIHCSl .D.O tunica int:m8 HepBHblH an-
n8paT. MypaTopli (Muratori, 19378, b) B pSl.D.e pa60T onlICbIBaeT
x8p8KTep H Tonorp8qmJO OKOH1I8HHH .D.enpeCCopHbIX HepEoB B .D.yre
80pTH: np8BHH 38HHM8eT 06JI8CTb Ha1l8JIa npaBoH nO.D.KJIJOlIHlIHOH
II npaBoH 06Il1,eH COHHOH 8pTepHH, JIeBbIH pacnpoCTpaHSleTCSl B .D.yre,
B MeCTe H811aJIa JIeBOH nO.D.KJIJOlIHlIHOH 8pTepHH H B HHCxO.D.SlIll,eH
1J8CTH .D.yrH. C8MH OKOH1I8HHSl pacnOJIaraJOTcSl B H8pymHoH H Cpe.D.-
HeH OOoJIOllK8X CTeHKH aOpTbI H npe.D.CTaBJISlIOT oo60H rycTbIe .D.peBO-
BII.D.HbIe p83BeTBJIeHHSl TOJICTbIX H Cpe.D.HHX MSlKOTHbIX BOJIOKOH.
B 06w.eM TO, liTO nOK83bIB8eT MypaTOpH, HHlIeM He OTJIHlIaeTCSl OT
onHcaHHbIX A. C. .lIoreJIeM (1898) B .D.yre aOpTbI 60JIbllIHX .D.peBo-
BH.D.HHX OKOH1I8HHH, KOTopbIe caM .lIoreJIb npe.D.nOJIOmHTeJIbHO OT-
HOCHT K .D.enpeCcopHoMY HepBY. P8BHbIM 06pa30M, H HOHH.D.eI1
(Nonidez, 19358, c, 1941) B CBOHX nO.D.P06HbIX HCCJIe.D.OB8HIISlX JIHllIb
p83BHB8eT II YTollHSleT y)Ke H3BeCTllbIe <p8KTbI. TaK, OH nO.D.TRep-
>K.D.8eT Ha6JIJO.D.eHHSl MypaTOpH, liTO npaBblH .D.enpeCCopHbIH HepB
pa3BeTBJI5IeTCSl y OCHOBaHHSl npaBorl me nO.D.KJIJOlIHlIHOH 8pTepHH,
a JIeBblH - B CTeHKe BepXHe-3a.D.Hdi lIaCTH .D.yrH aopTbI H y BblXO.D.a
JIeBOri nO.D.KJIJOlIllllHOH apTepHH. OKOH1I8HHSl BCer.D.a lIpe3BbIlIaHHO
06'beMHcTbI H p8Cna.D.8JOTCSl Ha CHJIbHO pa3BeTBJIeHHble H 60JIee KOM-
n8KTHble, KOTopbIe HOHll.D.eu BCJIe.D. 38 .D.e KaCTpo (1926) Ha3b1B8eT
OKOH1I8Hll5lMH 1 H II Tllna. PaCnOJImKeHbI OHll B H8PY)KHOH 060JIOliKe
cocY.D.OB, Ha rpaHHue co Cpe.D.Hell H OllCHb pe.D.KO B Hell caMOll. XapaK-
TepHOll oc06eHHOCTbJO OKOH1I8HllH HOHH.D.eu ClIHTaeT TeCHbIrl KOHTaKT
KOHellHblX BOJIOKOH C HJlpaMH K8KHX-TO KJIeTOK, npHpO.D.Y KOTOpbIX
OH He onpe.D.eJIHJI, ClIHTaSI, liTO OHll MorYT 6HTb H <pH6pOUHTaMH, H KJIeT-
K8MH 060JIOlieK HepBHblX BOJIOKOH. HepBHbIe BOJIOKOHUa OKOHliaHIiH
conpliKacaJOTCSl C 3THMll 51.D.paMIi npH nOMOIll,H CBOIiX KOHueBbIX B3.D.Y-
THH IIJIH OXBaTbIB8JOT HX TOHl\HMH TepMHH8JISIMIi. K TaKHM >Ke BbI-
BO.D.aM npHXO.D.SlT II CYH.D.ep-nJI8CM8H (Sunder-PI8ssmann, 1933),
CeTO (Seto, 1935) H B8T8Ha6e (Wat8nabe, 1938).
113YlleHlIJO HepBHblX npH60poB HallaJIbHOii 1I8CTH aOpTbI lIeJIOBeKa
nOCBSlIll,eHbl p860TbI 10. 11 CnenKoB8 (19538, 6).
nepB8Sl 3KcnepHMeH"18JIbHaSl pa60Ta no HHHepBaUHII aopTbI
npHH8.D.JIe)KHT J3aKaJO (Bakay, 1942). ABTOp HCCJIe.D.OBaJI BOCXO.D.SlIll,YJO
1I8CTb aopTbI. BepoSlTHo, n03TOMY OH He ynoMHHaeT 0 lIYBCTBHTeJIb-
HbIX OKOHliaHIISlX C8MOH .D.yrlI, H3BecTHbIX HaM H3 pa60T A. C. .lI0-
feJISl, MypaTopli II HOHH.D.eua. O.D.HaKO H B HCCJIe.D.yeMoM Y1l8cTKe
cocY.D.a 06H8pymeHbl 8wpeHTHbIe npH60pbl - 3TO cB060.D.Hble,
KJIy6Koc6p83HbIe OKOHlIaHHSl TOJICTbIX MSlKOTHblX BOJIOKOH, p8CnOJIO-
>KeHHble B 60raTbIx H.D.paMH CHHUHTIISlX. Pa60Ta 3Ta, HecMoTpSl Ha
WlipoKoe npHMeHeHHe 3KcnepHMeHT8 - aBTop Y.D.aJISIJI 3Be3.D.lIaTbIe
H cnHHHoM03roBbIe Y3JIbI, nepepe3aJI n03BoHollHHH H 6JIym.D.8JOw.HH
HepBbl,-MaJIO liTO .D.aeT .D.JISl nOHHM8HHSl HCTOllHHKOB lIYBCTBHTeJIbHOH
IIHHepBaUHII .D.ym aopTbI, TaK KaK C8Ma .D.yra, 3a HCKJIJOlIeHHeM BOC-
XO.D.SlIll,eH 1I8CTII, OCT8JIaCb Hoo6CJIe.D.OBaHHOll. ABTOp .D.ame He yno-
MlIH8eT 0 Tex peuenTOp8X OKOJIO OTBepCTHH 60JIbllIHX cocY.D.oB,
27
OTX0.D.5111UIX OT 80pTbl, KOTOpble T81{ MlloroKpaTHo 06cym.ll.alOTC51 B p8..
60Tax MypaTOpH, HOIIH.D.eua, CYH.D.ep-nJIaCMalla II CeTO, TpY.D.HO TaK,
me - 3TO 6Y)leT nO.llPOUHO II3J1OmeHO B .D.aJ1blleihneM - COrJIaCHTbC51
C aBTopOM B TOM, liTO e.D.IIIICTBeIlHbIM HCTOllHHKOM "YBCTBHTeJIbHbIX
HepBOB aopTbI 5lBJI5IJOTC51 6JIY}l{.D.8JOIlI,He II lI8CTIIlIII0 n03BOHOllHbIe
HepBbI.
EIlI,e J1eHrJIIf (L8ngley, 1900, 1924) YK83bIB8JI, liTO "YBcTBHTeJIb-
Hble BOJIOKH8 OT cep)lIl,a II lIa l IaJIbllOii lI8CTII aopTbl lI.D.YT He TOJIbKO
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PUC. 4. )Jyra aopTbI. MeCTo OTXO>K,'\eIlIlH OT lIee 6pollxua.1bll0li ap-
Teplili. 06eiJ,lIeliliOe lbIllluallIli nO.1e B OCHOB3111H1 nOCJIe..'l.lIeH. B Hell!
3aKall1JIIB3IOTCH 1JYBCTBIITeJIbIlLIIIIU OKOIl1JaIlUHMH IIIHOr01JIIC.1ellllble
MHKOTHbIe nO.TJOKlia. MIIKpOljlOTO (06. 10 X, OK. 7 X).
32
:.
.'>#'
. ,.
J
'.
is'
ll \
,;> ,.
....
.
?
,..'
..
': "..
,-
j
/1.'"
:..,
.--::.
"
. .: ...<.
--;
>.
'.I
...
, , .
.,
'""<, ,"
' -\..
('
I
J
.;, -
.. f
J
, '
....
..
'",
'.: "";! ....
.
..
1
:.t-_:
..
i"
, ,
d.'f' ".
PIIC. 5. 1J.yra aopTbi. OCHoBalille JIeBOH nOJlKJII01JH'JIIOH apTepHH. Ee3MbI-
lile1JIIOe nOJle C 60JIbWlfM KOJIII1JeCTBOM TOJICTbIX lIepBlibIx CTBO.TJOB, MHKOT-
HbIe BO:IOKlia KOTOpblX paCna.l\alOTCH lIa J1peBOBH.l\lIbIe 1JYBcTBHTeJJbllble
OKOIl1JaIiIlH. MIIKPO )OTO (06. 10 X, OK. 7 x).
f
<..c" C"
\-
?t., . \ .\
: ""
.
,
.'
'. y.
, "
V.; .. '
"
,
!Ii ifI,
,",
...-
iii '1'*..._
,' \#,f'
{ ...
/' . '("
, . /C
..,r. 1 ,,'," ,.,i')
. -::.r>
l ..l
w
,' .
/
..'
:,
',.
,t
ill'
:..1,
'"
..i. >
".
-' ..
"
,;
.
"
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1'"
-'
;b,.
Pile. 6. 1J.yra aopTbI. OClloRaHlle (jpoHxHa,1blloH apTepHII. Ee3MblWe1JIIOe
nOJIe, lIacblUJelilioe TOJICTblMH MHKOTllbiMII BO.TJOKliaMIl H HX .l\peBOBH.l\-
IIbIMH OKOIl1JaIlHHMH (pellemopaMH). MHKpoq>oTo (06. 10 X, OK. 7 X).
3 T. A. ['PH.opLcna
33
..
'( 8'
, ..,
(" t.
: ,"1! ,
&
. ,
. ,
'yo
;.
, "
... ' >.'
":".l ....
. ' k
, ,>
--.::;' ','"
f . ! ..
), -"'.,
\." '...:
..... ."
...., *:i,
r. ';>'t
....'P
. ' JI "..
.. } .. /<.. ,;.
", " # ..'\. \..,'
" ,) ', * \ --: "\ . -
';;" >\t ' 1 -- ", .*
'J, ':'--f.; :;
',' ¥: ,
'; >
:;....k..
'
,.; £; .-I
:;, ,"_ ,__..:.r
...
, ..
*<' - . ..
"\ .,.. "" : '. \_ ,.
r"
t..i>.:-t..: .'So'
'.,
tlfilJ' :..',
>..;;r. :IX..'
'r' 7j
................
'
',,:;
,
" '. ,.
" ; .2 .,.., -- -' ,..
, . ; ::' ...... ._,. . ." ,. . i
..,
J':""'
.. '
PHC. 7. ,lJ:yra aopTbI. XapaKTep HepBHbIX CTBOJIOB, pa3BeTBJIHIO HXCJI
B 6eSMhlllJe1JllblX Y1JaCTKaX B OCIiOBallHH OTXO.l\H HX OT Hee COCYJlOB.
HepBllhle CTBOJIbl cO.l\ep>KaT rJIaBlihIM 06pa30M TO.TJCTble MHKOTlible
BOJIOKHa C XOpOIlJO Bblpa>KelillbIMH nepHlleBpaJIbllblMH BJlaraml aMH.
MHKpo<poTo (06. 10 X, OK. 7 X).
I,
r'
"
,"'" ....
_:
ro.. -
r
r .
--
..
1
'-
oJ-
#
, ")-;
'-. ,.....
"
--
.. .
.... ) j,
"'.. .
r
I' ',' '., ..
--'- ;, "'-r
,4
t
" \
\ , fit!
., . ...,
,
.. ,,'
''\ '.
,-,.'
" .....',
PHC. 8. qYBCTBHTeJIhHhle OKOH1JaHHH H3 6e3MblllJe1JHOrO Y1J3CTK3 J1yra
aopTbI B MeCTe OTXO>KJ\eHHH OT lIee MaJIellbKOA COCYlIHCTOH BeT01JKH.
TOJICTble MHKOTlibIe BOJIOKlia TepHIOT MH9J1HII nepeJl caMblM paCna.l\eHHeM
lIa KOHl\eBble BeTBH. MHKpo<poTo (06. 40 X, OK. 7 x).
34
'_' ' .. ........t...f "' k" , g,..",v: .. . .,..'!/I'
..... ',' j . :- , ' .".. , _ -.-;_._ , ' , fI _ ". , . '..
:; J\ 1; t :: ....,;;,..#" tI
"'. i' ;.r-'-'l. \' ,r '..:
; '., .. ., ,'" -'''; ''
,f . t .r . ..f1III't>:-
, J' ;., '!.oo., p'. . ¥{
. . . " . . ; :'./;;.
f "" ! :;::: ,.. ...,
h. ....:"'..;":;... .... .:; < ...;.!;., ''If
'.... ?;' " ,",e: " '". . "i
{ ;. (.,:, .;"""': '
'1 \.:;
'Ii ',' t.>
<::,
"A".
,"":...
..
.::
)
...'
,.. . .,
., -..
. r.;'-(.
",.'...... .
1 ..,
, "JIi'
. __ .. 4 ...:, .
.1;<
,
'.
' "
1;
;'-. "" f:i' 4 ,..
,. .; 11.<; t. :f:
., ;fF ""::'U :;;:', 1
", '. .:"t},.
"t '< ':" l "." '<... j
'11.,.
;'
, j
,J
:.'
f,'
,i'
. ::.
PHC. 9. Ee3Mb1UJe1JIIOe nOJIe B ./lyre aopTbi B MecTe OTXO)j{JIellHH OT
Hee JIeBOH nO.l\KJII01JH1JHOH apTepHH. TOJICTbIe MHKOTHbIe BOJIOKHa,
He paCXO./lHCb .l\pyr OT ./Ipyra, 06pa3YlOT rYCTbIC ./IpeBOBH.l\HbIe
1JYBCTBHTeJIblible OKOIl1JaIlHH. MHKpo<poTo (06. 10 X, OK. 7 X).
f
,
....
. -"
"'!"-'
'
,"'.,
:,J..
¥;;}:: ' -.,
"._ ".M
{.'....
'-":'1.-
'.'t"
'it,' .-
t/.
of
. . . < : : -
"""" "
J
- '..-
;
...,.. . :---
i1
'=.t.. '.&- '
. '...-, :
'1 - ...,r ':, '-y
_..:>'
"
..r
"
j If, "
Ii
:,: ,1..#
t
t;;"
i
;". ->
}",: .. ...,..- '"
!; 'J
.J "
I
I
.,
PHC. 10. .n:yra aopTbi. EC3Mblme'lHOe nOJIe B OCHOBaHHH 6e3bIMHH-
HOH apTepHH. MHKOTlible BOJIOKlia TOJICTbIX lIepBlibiX CTBOJIOB
pacna.l\alOTCH lIa rYCTbIe .l\peBOBH.l\Hble 1JYBCTBHTeJIbHbIe OKOIl1Ja-
IIHH. MHKpo<p0To. (06. 10 X, OK. 7 X).
3-
35
BCerJl.a Jl.JIIflIHbl If pacnOJIaralO1CSI lIa npOTSI)!{eHHOM YlJaCTKe
3Toro )!{e 6C3MbIlllelJHOrO nOJIH (puc 14). CpCJl.U 60JIee npocTblX OKOH-
lJaHIfH BCTpe'l8IOTCSI II KYCTIIKU, npIlH8}].JIe)!{arn.ue CPeJI.HIfM If 60JIee
TOHKIfM MSIKOTHblM BOJIOK1I8M, IIMelOrn.I1M He)!{Hble BeTBJIeHlISI 11 Ma-
JleHbKl1e B3J1.YTI1SI Ha KOHlt8X (pIfC. 15).
. OTHOCIfTeJIbHO cp)'HKltI10H8JIbHOH npI1Ha}].JIe)!{HOCTI1 Bcex 3TIfX
06pa30BaHllii C HenpeJIO)!{lIOii SICHOCTblO CBUJl.eTeJIbCTByeT, KpoMe If X
CTpYKTypbl, II TOT cp8I<T, lJTO OHIf nepepO)!{Jl.aIOTCSI If IfClJe3alOT npIf
, 1
<tt 'i .
,-/t;;'
.:t£
..
, f l "
.
Pnc. 11. PeuenTop H3 C)C3MbIUJe1JIIOrO nOJIH J1yrll aopTbl B MeCTe OTXOJK)l.elll1Sl
QT Hee JIeBOH nO.l\KJII01JH1JIIOH apTepHIl (06. 60X, OK. 4X. PeHxepTa; pHCOBaJIb-
HhIH annapaT Ha ypoBlie CTOJIa; npH ne1JaTH YMelibUJelio B 2 1 / 2 pa3a).
BblKJI IOlJeH If If COOTBeTCTBeHHblX lJYBCTBIfTeJIbHblX CnIfHHoM03roBbIX
IfJIIf lJepenHOM03rOBblX Y3JIOB, T. e. BCe 3TII 06pa30BaHHSI SIBJISIIOTCSI
'lYBCTBHTeJIbHbIMH HepBHblMH OKOHlJaHIISIMH HJIH peltemopaMH.
3TH peltenTopbl npH BceM HX MHoro06pa3HII HeCYT Ha ce6e 'lepTbl
HeCoMHeHHoH MopcpOJIOmlJeCKOH 06rn.HOCTH, KOTOpble n03BOJISIIOT
npe)J.nOJIO)!{HTb Y HHX H 06rn.ee CPYHKltHOHaJIbHOe 3HalJeHHe. C1pYK-
TypHO OHH BCerJl.a npeJl.CTaBJISIIOT C060H KYCTHKH, 06pa30BaHHble 6e3-
MSIKOTHblMH BeTBSIMH MH3JIHHOBblX BOJIOKOH. KYCTHKH 3TH HMelOT OT
Jl.BYX Jl.0 OlJeHb 60JIblllOrO lIMCJIa BeTBeii, npHlJeM 'leM If X 6oJIbllle,
TeM OHH KOpOlJe. KOHlteBbIe YTOJIrn.eHHSI H penii<YJISIpHble B3J1.YTHSI
06HJIbHbl, HO 'lpe3BbIlJ8HHO eJl.IIH006p83HbI. ECJIII KOHlteBble BeTO'lKH
npHXOJl.SIT B COnpHKOCHOBeHHe C BCnOMOraTeJIbHblMH KJIeTKaMH, TO
KOHTaKTbl 3TH YCTpoeHbl TaK)!{e OlJeHb eJl.uHo06pa3HO: lJarn.e Bcero
9TO npHJIeraHHe penlKYJISIpHOrO KOHlteBOrO B3J1.YTHSI K TaKOH Bcno-
36
MOraTeJIbHOii KJIeTKe. PO.D.HIIT 3TH OI<OH'JaHlIH H HX npnHaJI.JIe}!{HOCTb
K 10JICTblM MHKOIHblM BOJIOKHaM HMeHHO TOJIIllllHa BOJIOKOH, 3aKaH-
4HBalOIllIIXCH TaKlIMH peuenTOpa:VJII, 6pOCaerCH B rJIa3a npll lI3y"e-
HJlII npenapaTOB. HaKOHeu, nOCJIe.D.uee, 4TO l:BlI.D.eTeJIbCTByeT 0 <PYHK-
UHOHaJIbHOii 06IllUOCTil Bcex 3TlIX OKOHlJaHHiI, 3aKJII04aeTCH B lIX
Tonorpa<pil4eCKOM pacnOJIo}!{eHlm: Bce 0111I JIe}!{aT B Y4aCTKax, B KO-
TOpblX CTeHKa aopTbI JIliWeUa IlJIlI 4pe3Bbl'JaiiHO 06e.D.HeHa rJIa.D.KO-
Mblwe'U1blMH 3JIeMelITaMlI II nOCTpoeHa H3 KOJIJIareHOBO-3JIaCTlI4e-
CKlIX nJIaCTIiH, COe} IIHeHHbIX
Me}!{:I.Y c060ii pbIX.TIOII Coe.D.lI-
HllTe.1bHoii TI<aHbIO. 3m Y4a-
CTKII IIMelOT BH.D. Me.D.aJIbOHOB,
BKJII04(:'HHbIX B cTeHKY aopTbI
t
. "'
PHC. 12. KOlIueBbIe .l\eTa.111 1JVBCTBII-
TeJIblibiX OKOIl1JaIlHH B 06.'1acTiI 6e3-
MblUJe1JllblX Y1JaCTKOB .Ayrll aopTbI B
MeCTax OTXOJK)\eIlIIH OT lIee COCY.l\II-
CTbIX BeTBeH. MIIKPO(IJOTO (06. 100x,
HMM., OK. 7x).
.,..
\ .
)
,.
«. ..
....
, .
) . ,!"
."
. > #'
" ....-
--
PHC. 13. PeuenTop H3 6e3MbIUJe1J-
1I0ro Y1JaCTKa aopTbl, clla6JKeHllbIH
cneUlIa.nbllblMH BcnOMOraTeJIbllblMH
K.1eTKa lII. MIIKpOCPOTO (06. 60 x,
OK. 20 x).
B onpe,'le.'leHHbIX MeCTax - y OCHOBaHIIH OTXO.D.HIlI.HX OT Hee
cocY.D.oB: a. anonyma, a. carotis communis dextra (ecJIlI OHa
OTXOlJ.HT OT .D.yrll) , c. subclavia sinistra, 06ellx a. bronchialis H
B YlJaCTKe, cooTBeTcTBYIOIlleM GOTaJIJIOBY npoToKY, Ha MeCTe GblB-
wero oTBepcTHH KOToporo paCnOJIO}!{eHO TaKoe }!{e 6e3Mblllle4Hoe
nOJIe. LlpyrnMH CJIOBa, Mll BCIO cOBoKynHocTb OnIiCaHHblX BbIllle pe-
uenTopoB HY}!{HO C'lllTaTb e.D.lUlblM annapaToM C e.D.IIHOH <PYHKUllO-
HaJIbHOH 3a113 'leii.
R HalllllX pa60Tax, nOCBHIlleHlIblX 1I3Y4eHlIIO peUenTopoB aopTbl
(1948, 1952), MbI y*e YKa3bIBaJIII, 4TO He O.D.HH 6JIY}!{.D.3IOIll.Hii HepB
06eCnelJI-IBaeT 4YBCTI3l1TeJIbHOCTb ee Ha1JaJILHoi:j lJaCTH. B HaCTOHIlI.ee
BpeMH, npOBepHB H YT04H1IB 3711 .D.aHHble, Mbl MO}!{eM 60JIee T04HO
37
I"
.
M
.
, .u
i . ..'.
r-'- '«:I
".
""
.)
_J
"
".
'"
PHC. 14. )Jyra aopThI. THn npoCToro pel\enTOpa H3 6e3MhIllIe'llihIX
Y'IaCTKOB ee B MeCTax OTXOJK,lJeHHH 60JIblllHX COCY.l\OB (06. 45 X, OK.
10 X; pliCOBaJIbHblH annapaT lIa ypoBHe CTOJIa; npH ne'laTli YMellb-
llIeHO B 2 pa3a).
'",;"
...,:"
Jf" ;<
'"4!.
{
,.
.')- ;
"
.,j
!- ....<
..
.:}. t .: :
. "' ,l 01' ,. ;.
"=
ii.
.:.! .... '.< .-
Iff'::
?d 'l<J'
" ".' ,:0 t
: . :
;. ; "J,'
"-
",
L
:iIJ1""
't .:/ .'. . . :..
....-:,.
. t.' . 0'1"
PHC. 15. )Jyra aopTbl. l\kCTO OTXO}/{)J.eIlHH JIeBOH nO.l\K.TJI01JIflJIIOH apTe-
pHli. Pel\enTOp B BH.l\e KYCTHKa C MaJIellbKIIMH B3.l\YTIIHMH Ha KOIIl\aX
CBOHX BeTBeH. MHKpOcpOTO (06. 45 X, OK. 7 x).
38
YKa3aTb HCTO'IHIIKH a peHTHOH HHHepBaUHII yrH aOpTW, DpH
BblKJIlO'IeHHII 'IYBCTBHTeJIbHblX Y3JIOB 6JIY>K aIOLUerO HepBa (gang l .
nodosum, gangl. jugulare) 'IaCTb 'IYBCTBHTeJIbHblX npH60pOB Bcex
nepe'IHCJIeHHblX 3 eCb 6e3Mblllle t IHbiX nJIOLUa OK nO BepraeTCH ere-
HepaUJlII H nOCJIe YIOLUeH OKOn'IaTeJIbHOH m6eJ1H. 06HapY>KHBaeTCH,
'ITO a peHTHble BOJIOKHa 6JIY>K aIOLUero HepBa 3aXO HT BO 3ce
{)6naCTII cocpeJJ.OTOtlelIJlH penenToplIblX npIl60pOB.
Ha pl1c. 16 Jl306pa>KeH pacna peuenTopa B 06JIaCTH 60TaJIJIOBa
npoToKa, npoIlcxo HLUIIii nOCJIe nepep 3KJI JIeBOro 6J1Y>K.II.aIOLUero
; ,
",.
.
,
....
. .'
f
.'"
4 -.
/ i',..
. "t
'-- .
'7'
(
.
,
,t )
\. .. ..
.. . < .
_r
PHC. 16. .D.ereliepaUHH 'IYBcTBIiTeJIbIiOrO OKOlI'lallHH B .l\yre aopTbI
B MeCTe 60TaJIJIOBOii CBH3KH. Y.I\aJIeliHe 'IYBcTBIiTeJIbIiOrO Y3Jfa JIeBOrO
6JIY>K.l\alOl.l.Iero lIepBa. .D.ereliepal\HH 48 'IaCOB (06. 45 X, OK. 10 X;
pHCOBaJIbHblH annapaT Ha ypoBHe CTOJIa; npH ne'laTH YMelibwelio B
. JIll paaa).
HepBa (cpa3Y no gangl. nodosum), Ha pHC. 17 - TaKoH >Ke pacna
peuenTopoB B o6.nacTH 6e3MblllleI.JIIOrO nOJIH B MCCTe OTXO>K eHIIH 6e3-
blMSlHHOH apTepHH, a Ha pIlC. 18 BII Ha ereHepauml 'IYBCTBIITeJlbHoro
OKOHl.JaHIISI B 06JIaCTH OTXO>K eHHSI 6pOHXHaJIbHOH apTepHH nOCJIe
y aJIeHHSI 'IYBcTBHTeJIbHOrO Y3JIa npaBoro 6JIY>K aIOLUero HepBa.
Ha OCHOBaHlIH 3KcnepllMeHToB C nepepe3KoH 6JIY>K aIOLUHX Hep-
BOB H y aJIeHIIeM HX 'IYBCTBIITeJIbHblX Y3JIOB MO)KHO C YBepeHHOCTblO
rOBopHTb 0 TOM, 'ITO H npaBblH, H JIeBblii 6JIY>K aJOLUlie HepBbl HMelOT
OTHOllleHJle K HlIHepBaUliJI 06JIaCTeii OTXO>K eHJlSI COCY OB OT ym
aOpTbl. KpoMe TOro, MO>KHO YTBep>K aTb, 'ITO Yl.JaCTJle 6JIY>K aIOLUIIX
HepBoB B JlHHepBaUJIJI onlICblBaeMblX OUJIaCTeH B KOJIJll.JeCTBeHHOM OT-
HOllleHlIl1 'Ipe3BblI.JaHHo H3MeHI.JIIB0. HecMoTpH Ha nocToSlHHoe H
a6COJIlOTHOe npe06JIa aHIIe peuenTopoB BaraJIbHOrO npOHCXO>K eHHSI,
'IaCTO cpe H HHX 06HapY>KHBaeTCSI MHoro I.JYBcTBJlTeJIbHblX
39
..
..
,
. "., . <1 -.:.\..
',.
"'- . , !:l
'.'
,-.;rt1i
.
#g. ."
,
- <
flit-
f
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-:'I.
.,
-'-.'\.
."
"
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.."
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I
PHC. 17. nepepO}/{.l\elllle 1JyncTBHTCJJbIlOrO OKOIl1JaIlHH B J1yre aopTbl
B lIIeCTe OTXO}/{,1eIlHH 5e3bllllHIIIIOJI apTepli1i 1Jepe3 38 1JaCOB noc. e
y.l\,wellllH 1JyncTBHTe.1blloro Y3.11i .1eBoro 6.1Y}/{,"JaIOUJero lIepBa.
MIIKpO<jJOTO (06.45 X, OK. 7 X).
;-
,,\-1.
...
'"
< . \ .....
1
.00
1
I}'" "
to.
4'
PilL 18. .LJ:ercllepaUII!1 !WlleIlTl)pa n ,1)Te :lOpTbl II ICCTe OTXO>K,1.eIlIlH
6pOllXIHIJIblloii "IHC'JHIII 'lepe3 4S 'I"COB 1l0C:IC y.1a."Il'lIlIfI 'IYBCTIJIITe.1b-
1I0ro Y3.1a IIp:II\OrO 0.1Y>K.'Ilil(lll\cro lIl'pBa (00.45 V:, OK. IV X; pIlCO-
BaJIbllblH linnapaT IlIi ypOBIlC CTO.Ia; 111'11 lIe'JaTII Y lellbwelio B 2 p:J3a).
40
OKOHlJamlrl, npIIHaJ],JIC)lWwIlX BOJIUKII3M, npIIWC'J(IlIIlM 113 n.PyrHx
HCTOlJHHKOB.
TaKHMII JI,PyrllMII HCTO'IIIIIIWMIl 5IBJlflIOTC5I CnllllllOM03rOBble
qYBCTBHTeJlLllble Y3Jlbl II IDK II l'ii ll1eiillOii II BC'pXlIeii rpY,L(Hoii lJaCTH
CnHHHOrO M03ra. I3 OT.!.I.eJlLllbIX CJIY 1 !<l5lX :1.a)l,e .1C)l,awIlC eWe HIDKe
cnHHHoM03roBble Y3J1LI nOCbl:lalOT BC'T011K1l B l.yry aOpTbl. Ha plie. 6
H306pa}/,eBbl pellenTopbl B pall-
HHX CTa;l.II5IX JI,erellepa1ll1ll noc-
Jle n.BYCTopoHHero YJI,aJleHII5I
cnHHHOM03rOBbiX Y3J10B D 1 -D.
cerMeHTOB. PaBHblM 06pa30:'l1
pliC. 19 n.eMoHcTpllpye1' pac-
naJI, lJYBcTBlneJlLlIblX KYCH'B
B OCHOBaHllli 6e3bIM5IHHOl ! ap-
TepHH nocJle JI,BYCTOpOlIlleii
3KcTHpnallHH nepBblx lJeTblpl'X
CnlIHHOM03rOBblX rpYJI,HbiX Y3-
JlOB, BbIpa}/,aIOWHHC5I B rOMO-
reHII3allHil KOIlIleBblX peTIiKY-
.151pllbIX paCll1l1pCHIIII pellen-
TOpOB.
KaK 6J1y}/,n.aIowlie HepsbI,
TaK H cnHHHOM03rOBble lIYB-
CTBHTeJlLHbIe BOJlOKHa npaBoii
H JleBO" CTOpOllbl COBMCCTIlO
YlJaCTBYIOT B 06pa30BaHHII pe-
iJ.enTopHbIX nOJIeii JI,yru aopTLI
B MeCTax OTXO}/,JI,CIIII5I 01' IICC'
COCYJI,HCTbIX seTBcii
OnHcaHHblMH pellenTOpllbIMH
nOJl5lMU B MeCTax OTXO}/,-
JI,eHH5I COCYJI,UCTbIX BeTBeH He
HClJepnbIBaeTC5I 60ra1'CTBO lJYB-
CTBHTeJlLHOH UIlHepBallllH JI,Y-
rH aOpTbl. BC5I ee MbIll1e 1 1-
Ha51 060.10lJKa HaCblweHa pe-
iJ.en1'opa:\lII, CB5I3allHblMli HenOCpeJI,CTBeHHo C r.'1aJI,KOMblwe 1 IHbIMH
H KOJlJlarCIlOBO-3JI3CTlIlJeCKIIMH 3J1eMeHTaMII 3TOtO CJl05I. PHC. 20
nOKa3bIBae1' OJI,HII U3 YlJaCTKOB tunica media, c<pOTorpacpHpoBaHHbIH
npH YBCJlHlJeHIIlI B 70 pa3. Ha HeM BHJI,1I0, KaK SeJIHKO KOJlHlJec1'BO
qYBCTBHTeJlbHblX OKOlllIaHllii Ha 31'OM cpaSIlHTeJlLIIO lIe60Jlbll10M
YlJaC1'Ke. 31'11 llYBcTBHTeJlbilble npll60pbl npIiHaJI,Jle}/,a1' TOHKHM H
CpeJI,HerO KaJIII6pa MfIKOTlIblM BOJlOKHaM, KOTOpLIC B COCTaBe iJ.eJlbIX
HepBHblx CTBOJlIIKOB BXOJI,fI1' co CTOpOHbI tunica adventitia. 41'0 Ka-
caeTCfI roHKOlI CTPyKTypbl caMIiX peuenTOpOB, TO 0 HeH MO}/i:HO CYJI,H1'b
no pliC. 21, Ha KOTOpOM B YBeJlJllleHHOM BIIJI,e npliBeJI,eHbI peuenTopbl,
H306pa}KeHHble lIa pHC. 20. £311;1.110, lJTO 31'0 CJlO}/i:1Ible nepenJleTeHHfI H
KJly6KH BOJlOKOIl, pacnOJlO}/,ellllbIC Ha caMIIX Mblwe1IHblX 3.i1eMeHTax.
41
,.
(
PIIC. 19. fO lOrcll1l3aLlHfI KOIiLleBblX
peTIIKY:lflpllblX pacDllpellllH peLlenTo-
pOB B OOJlaCTII oe3MbllllelJIIOrO YlJaCTKa
B OCIiOBallll1l 6C3bllllflllllOH apTepHIi lJe-
pe350 lJaCOB nocJle Y.l\aJleIlIlH D 1 -D 4
cnllllll01ll03rOBbiX Y3J10B C 06eHX CTO-
pOll. MIIKpO<jJOTO (06. 100 X, IIIIIM.,
OK. 7 x).
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PHC. 20. Cpe.l\IIHH 060JIO'lKa .l\yrH aopTbl. CJIO}l(IIble pacnpoCTpallelilible
'lYBcTBHTeJIbHble npH60pbI, pacno.10}l(elilible lIa MblUlelJllblX nJIaCTHliax.
MHKpo4JoTo (06. 10 X, OK. 7 X).
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PHC. 21. YBeJIH'leHHbIil npH ne'laTIi npe.l\bI.l\YUlHH peu.enTop.
42
KOHu.eBbIe Be1'O'IKH :1TI1X KJIy6KOB HanpaBJI5IIOTCSI HenOCpt:)1.CTBeHHO
K MbIllIe'lHbIM KJleTKaM. 3TH 'lYBCTBHTeJIbHbIe OKOH'laHH5I, KaK npa-
BI-IJIO, SIBJISIIOTCSI HeCB06o)1.HbIMH 1-1 CO)1.ep>KaT B CBoeM COCTaBe 60JIb-
ruDe KOJIH'leCTBO BcnOMOraTeJIbHbIX KJIeTOK (pHC. 22), KOTopbIe KaK
obIlpaCCTeJleHbl Ha MblllIe'lHbIX 3JIeMeHTax H C KOTOpblMH TeeHO CBSI-
3aHbI KOHiLeBbIe HepBHbIe BOJIOKoHu.a OKOH'laHHll.
KaK Y>Ke CKa3aHO BbIllIe, 60JIbllIHHCTBO 'lYBCTBI-ITeJIbHbIX npH-
60pOB MbIWe'lHOll CTeHKH )1.ym aopTbI nOCTpoeHo HMeHHO no 3TOMY
npHHu.lIny HeCB06o)1.HbIX OKOH'laHHU - rycTbIe pa3BeTBJIeHl1SI KOH-
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PHC. 22. BcnoMOraTeJIblible KJIeTKH lJYBcTBHTeJIblibIX OKOlIlJaliHii.
HepBlible BOJIOKlia OKalllJHBalOTCH lIa HX nOBepxllocTH (06. 100 X.
"MM., OK. 10 X; pHCOBaJIbllbIH annapaT lIa ypOBlie CTOJIa; npH
nelJaTH YMelibUleliO B 2 pa3a).
u.eBbIX BeTBeH TeCHO ConpHKaCaIOTC5I co BcnOMOraTeJIbHbIMH KJIeT-
KaMH, KOTopbIe npe)1.CTaBJISIIOT C060ll 60JIee KpynHbIe 3JIeMeHTbl
ruBaHHoBCKOll 060JIO'lKH. Peu.enTopOB CBo60)1.HbIX, He CHa6>KeHHbIX
BcnOMOraTeJIbHbIMH KJIeTKaMli (pliC. 23), rOpa3)1.0 MeHbllIe H pac no-
JIO>KeHbI OHH npeHMYI.LJ.eCTBeHHo B CB5I311 C KOJIJIareHOBO-3JIaCTlI'le-
CKHMlI 3JIeMeHTaMli COCYJlHCTOll CTeHKH.
OKOH'laHHSI KaK HCCB06o)1.Hble, TaK II cBo6o)1.HbIe B 60JIbllIOM lI30'
{)HJIHlI cHa6>KalOT cTeHKY )1.yrH aopTbl, o6pa3YSI B Hell iLeJIbIe peiLen-
TopHbIe nOJIH. Ha cpe3ax >Ke, npOllIejlWHX HeCKOJIbKO KOCO, BHjlHO,
GTO TaKHe peu.enTOpHbIe nOJIH MHorOKpaTHO npOCJlaliBalOT 10JII.LJ.Y
-COCYjl8, pacnOJIaraHCb 6YKB8JlbHO Ha Ka)!(jlOH MbIWe'lHO-KOJIJIare-
43
HOBO-3J1aCTlJl.ICeKOlf nJ1aeTlIIIE'. Oe06ellHO rYCTbl H 06HJ1bHbI 3TH nOJ1H
B HapY}J{llblX 'IaeTHX MbIUlC'IIIOii: 060J10tlKlf (pHe. 24). I1x HaebIlli.eH-
HOCTb HeCKOJ1bKO naJI,aeT no IJanpaBJ1ClIIHO K tunica intima B 3TOll
nocJ1eJI,llell TO}J{e paenOJ1o}J{C'HO acpcpepeHTllOe CnJ1CTeHlle - OHO no-
eTpoello OJI,IUIaKOBO no Bceii .lVIIIHe aopTbi H 6YJI,eT onHeaHO HH}J{e.
Pell.enTOpHblC npll60pbl CpeJI,Helf 060J10'lKII JI,YrH aopTbl npIHlaJI,-
J1e}J{aT B MCllbweii CTcnCHII 6.TIY)I{JI,aI0lli.CMY lIepBy. Hall60J1bWee
tIlle.lIO JI,erellepanIBHblx
(pCHOMeHoB B III1X Ha6.'11O-
;1aeTCH nOCJJe YJI,a.TIeHIIH
cnllilHOM03rOBblX Y3J10B,
rJlaBllbiM o6pa30M Bepx-
HHX rpYJI,HbIX. Ha pile. 25
H306pa}J{eHo HX nepepmK-
JI,eHIlC nocJle TaKoll one-
pau,HH.
PHJI, npH3HaKoB-
CTpYKTypa B BHJI,e CnJlOlll-
HbiX acpcpepeHTHblx nOJ1eH,
HenOCpeJI,CTBeHHaH CBH3b
C MbIWC'IHbIMH H KOJl-
Jla reHOBO - 3J1aCTlI'leCKIIMIi
3JleMeHTaMH CTeHKII aop-
TbI, 0611.TIbHOe cHa6)Ke-
IlIIe BcnOMoraTe.TIbHbIMII
KJlCTKaMII - n03BO.TIHeT
3TOT BIIJI, aqxpepeHTHbix
npH60poB BblJI,eJlHTb B
cnell.IIaJlbHYIo eJI,IIHYIO
rpynny C npllcYlli.ei1: 11M
BceM eJI,lfllOii CPYHKlI.llell.
OJI,lIaKO II 3TIIM BTO-
pbIM BII.l1.0M peu,enTopHbIX
nplI60pOB He HC'IepnbI-
BaeTCH Bce 60raTCTBO
'IYBCTBHTeJlbHOfi HHHep-
Bau,IIH JI,ym aOpTbI. Tpe-
THH BH.l1. ee pell.enTOpOB CBH3aH HenOCpeJI,CTBeHHO e CHCTeMOH
COCYJI,OB, nHTalOlli.HX ee CTeHKY_ J],eJlo B TOM, I./TO vasa vasorum .l1.yrH
aopTbi npeJI,CTaBJl5iIOT c060ii apTepHH, KOTopbIe paCnaJI,alOTCH Ha ap-
TepHOJlbI, a 3aTeM II Ha KanH.TIJlHpbI. 4acTb KanHJ1J1HpOB HMeeT
oc06eHHo H3BHJlHCTbIll X0.l1. H 6yxT006pa3Hble pacwlIpellIlH. TaIme
KanHJlJlHpbl H CBH3aHbl CO cBoe06pa3HblMH pellenTopaMII, clla6}J{eH-
HblMH orpoMHblM I<OJIJ1lIeCTBOM B('nOMoraTeJlLHbIX KJ1eTOK (pile. 26).
HepBHbIe BOJlOKHa B TaKHX peu,enTopax o6pa3YloT nepenJleTeHHH
H paena.l1.alOTCH 06bl'lHO Ha KYCTHKII, BeTO'lKIi KOTOpblX 3aKaHI./H-
BalOTCH Ha BcnOMOraTeJlbllbiX KJleTKaX MaJ1eHbI<HMH pacwHpeHHHMH
H B3JI,YTHHMH. C03JI,aeTcH BnetWTJleHlle, I./TO 3TH pellenTopbl He npeA-
44
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PHC. 23. l.JVIJCTIJIITC,1bHoe OKOIl1JilIlIlC 113
cpeJllleii 060. 01JKII ,l\yrIl aopTbl, CBfl3aHHoe
C 9JIaCTHHO-KOJl.nareIl0IJbIMII I1J1aCTImaMIi.
MHKport ' oTo (06. X 20 )(, OK. 7 x).
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PIIC. 24_ HapY}l(lIlIfI lJaCl" cpe,1l1eii 000.10'IKII ,1yrn aopTbl. Peuen-
Toplloe nO.1e, paCCTeJleliIlOl' lIa 11I1,1 lIJl'llllO ii n.laCTlIIIC. MIIKpOlllOTO (06.
10 X, OK. 7 X).
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PIIC. 25. D.creHepaUllfl PCI\CIITOplloro 1I0.IH lIa III blllle'J1I0ii nJIaCTHlie
cpe;(lIeii 000.1U 1 1KII ;()TII aOp1'bl. ';(a.lelllle D 1 -()6 CllllllllOM03rOBbiX
Y3JJOB C Ooell:l. CTOpOIl. !lerellcpaUllfl 70 'laCOB. !t\IIKpOlPOTO (06.
20 X, OK. 7 x).
45
Ha3HaqeHbI )].JIH KanHJ1JIHpOB B Y3KOM CMblCJIe 3TOrO CJIOBa, a 06pa...
3YlOT KaKHe-TO CJIO>KHbIe CPYHKuliOHaJIbHbIe CTPYKTypbI, B COCTaB KO-
TOpblX BXO)1HT II caMH KanIfJIJIHpbI.
HeT COMHeHHH, qTO 3TH cBoe06pa3HbIC npH60pbI npe)1CTaBJIHIOT
C060H TpenlH BH,n: qYBCTBHTeJILHblX OKOHqaHHH aOpTbI. D.ereHepH-
PYIOT OHH H npll y,n:aJIeHHH gang!. nodosum H cnHHHOM03rOBblX Y3JIOB.
Do OTHOllleHHIO KO BceM CJIyqaHM, Kor,n:a qYBCTBHTeJIbHble anna-
paTbI B CTeHKe ,n:ym aopTbl npHHa)1JIe>KaT OTpocTKaM KJIeTOK cnHHHO-
M03rOBbIX Y3JIOB, HY>KHO CKa3aTb, qTO 3TH OTpOCTKH Ha CBoeM nYTIf
OT aopTbI ,n:o cnHHHOM03rOBoro Y3JIa H,n:YT qaCTO O,n:HlIMlI nYTHMIf
C BOJIOKHaMH CHMnaTHqeCKOH HepBHOH CHCTeMbI. KaK cep,n:ue, KOTO-
poe nOJIyqaeT CnHHaJIbHble qYBCTBHTeJIbHbIe BOJIOKHa qepe3 aKuene-
paTopHbIe HepBbl (JIeHrJIH, 1924: E. K. nJIeqKOBa, 1948a), TaK H ,n:yra
aopTbI nOJIyqaeT peiLenTopHbIe npH60pbl OT CnImaJIbHbIX BOJIOKOH,
npoxo,n:HIl{HX qepe3 3Be3,n:qaTbIii Y3eJI. D03TOMY npH y,n:aJIeHHH ero,
HapH,n:y C ,n:ereHepaiLHeH CHMnaTHqeCKHX BOJIOKOH, nepepO>K)J.alOTcH
H qYBcTBHTeJIbHbIe OKOHqaHHH.
B JIHTepaType HMeeTCH MaJIO cBe,n:eHHH, KacalOIl{HXCH ,n:BHraTenb-
HOH HHHepBaiLHH BceH aopTbI H, B qaCTHOCTH, ee ,n:ym. 1.13 qHCTO
OnHCaTeJIbHbIX pa60T MbI 3HaeM, qTO B TOJIIl{e ee MbIlIleQHOH CTeHKIf
npoxo,n:HT CnJIeTeHHH TOHKHX 6e3MHKoTHbIX BOJIOKOH, nocTpoeHHbIe
no Ka6eJIbHoMY THny, T. e. co,n:ep>KaIl{He B 06Il{eH lIlBaHHOBCKOH 060-
nOqKe HeCKOJIbKO HH,n:HBH,n:yaJIbllbIX oceBblX UHJIHH,n:pOB (A. 51. Eo-
pOBcKaH, 1935; T. C. I1cTaMaHoBa, 1940). Bcero o,n:Ha 3KcnepHMeH-
TaJIbHaH pa60Ta EaKaH (1942) pelllaeT Bonpoc 0 ,n:BHraTeJIbHbIX HepBax
aopTbI nYTeM Y)1aJIeHHH 3Be3)1qaTbIX Y3JIOB H H3YQeHHH HaCTynalO-
Il{ero npH 3TOM ,n:ereHepaTHBHoro npouecca B onpe,n:eJIeHHbIX qaCTSIX
ee HHHepBaiLHoHHbIX npH60poB. CTPYKTypbI, THnHQHbIe ,n:JISI HepB-
HbIX Ka6eJIeH, Ha6JIIO,n:aJ1 H EaKaH (1942). PaBHbIM 06pa30M OR
Ha6.nlO,n:aJI, KaK OT,n:eJIbHbIe BOJIOKOHua BbIXO,n:HT H3 Ka6cJIeH H OKaH-
tfHBalOTCH Ha rJIa,n:KOMblllleqHblX KJ1eTKaX TOHKHMH CnHpaJIHMH. DpH
y,n:aJIeHHH 3Be3,n:qaTbIX Y3JIOB EaKaH (1942) BH,n:eJI ,n:ereHepauHIO qaCTll
BOJIOKOH 3THX Ka6eJIbHbIX CnJIeTeHlIH H IIX OKOHqaHHH Ha MbIlIluax.
Ha HalllHX npenapaTax Mbl HMeJIH B03MO>KHOCTb npOCJIe,n:HTb xa-
paKTep, pacnpe)1eJIeHHe H qaCTHqHO HCTOqHHKH ,n:BHraTeJIbHbIX Hep-
BOB )1ym aopTbl. fOBOpHTb 06 lICToqHHKaX C nOJIHoii onpe,n:eJIeH-
HOCTblO Tpy,n:HO, TaK KaK Hl1KaKHM nYTeM HeJIb3H ,n:e3$PepeHTHpoBaTb
,n:yry aopTbI nOJIHOCTblO. D.a>Ke npH y,n:aJIeHHH 060HX 3Be3,n:qaTbIX
Y3JIOB B Mblllluax, HapH,n:y C nepepO>K,n:alOIl{lIMHCH, OCTO-eTCSI MHoro
cOBepllleHHo HOpMaJIbHLIX BOJIOKOH H OKOHqaHHH. DpH y,n:aJIeHHH
BepxHlIx lIleHHbIX Y3JIOB pe3YJIbTaT nOJIyqaeTCH TaKoH >Ke. TOJIbKO
B nepBoM cJIyqae 60JIbllle nepepO>KJleHHbIX BOJIOKOH, BO BTOpOM -
60JIbllle coxpaHHbIx. O,n:HaKo HH B TOM, HH B ,n:pyroM CJIyqae HeJIb3H
pelllHTb, HBJIHIOTCH JIH coxpaHHble BOJIOKHa ClIMnaTHqeCKHMlI, npH-
Ha)1JIe>KaIl{IIMlI He y,n:aJIeHHbIM CHMnaTHqeCKHM Y3JIaM, lIJIH OHH npH-
Ha,n:JIe>KaT Y3JIaM (TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIM napaCHMnaTH<JecKHM), B 06H-
JIHH 3aJIO>K:eHHbIM B Cep)1iLe H B OKpY>KalOIl{eH era H 60JIblllHe COCy,n:bJ
coe,n:HHHTeJIbHOH TKaHH. HHor,n:a He60JIblllHe Y3eJIKH 3aJIO>KeHbI If
46
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PHC. 26. Pell.enTOp H9 cpe.l\Heii 0(50JIOlJKH .l\yrH aopTbl, B COCTaB KOToporo
BXO.l\HT KanHJIJIHp, pa3BeTBJIellHH lIepBlioro BOJIOKHa H 60JIblllOe KOJIHlJeCT-
BO BcnOIllOraTeJIbllblX KJIeTOK (06.45 X, OK. 15 X; pHCOBaJIbllblH annapaT
lIa ypoBlie CTOJIa; npH nelJaTH YMellblllelio B 2 pa3a).
l
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PHC. 27. .D:BHraTeJIhHble OKOlIlJallHH lIa rJIa.l\KOMbllllelJllbIX KJIeTKaX
cpe.l\lIeA 0(50JIOlJKH .l\yrH aopTbl (06. 100 X HMM., OK. 10 X; pHCO.
BaJIbllblH annapaT lIa ypOBlie CTOJIa).
47
B caMoii aOpTe. C YBerJcHHOCTLIO MOmHO rOBOpllTL TOJILKU 0 TOM, '-lTO
)l.BHraTe.TJ.bllble IICpBIILIC 130.10K11a aOpTLI nplllla)l.JIC}j.;aT I1ciipOIIaM
Y3JIOB BereTaTlfI3I1oii 11 ep 1311 oii CIICTCMbI H rJIaBIIblM 06pa30M TeM,
KOTOpble 3aJIOmeHbl B 3B(3)1.'-laTb1X Y3:WX. O)l.HaKO II B BepXHHX ll1eii-
HblX CHMnaTH'IeCKIIX Y3.1ax eCTL I1eiipOIlbl, Koropble nOCbI.lalOT
no 6JIym)l.alO IIM HcpBaM CBOH OTpOCTKH B MLIll1CLfHYIO 060.10'-lKY
)l.ym aOpTbl.
)lBHraTeJIbHble BOJIOIma ClJaLfaJIa II.il.YT B 06 IIX CTBOJJaX C '-lYB-
CTBHTeJIbHblMH HepBaMII. KOrJr.a me 3TII noc.,1e,J.I1IIe paCna)l.aIOTCH Ha
CBOH OKOH, '-laHlfH )l.a II paHbll1e 3Toro, )l.BIIraTCJlbIlble npOBO)l.HIIKH
nOKH)l.aIOT CTBOJlbl H oopa3YloT B TOJIIII.e CTeHKH aopTLI rYCToe cnJIe-
TeHHe, COCTOH ee 113 TOIIKIfX HepBllblX CTBOJIIIKOB, )l.eikTBIfTeJIbHO
3aKJIIO'-leHHbIX B 06 He (PYTJIHpbl H3 WBaHIIOBCKIIX KJIeTOK. 3TH cn.le-
TeHHH B rJIa)l.KHX MI;>IWll,ax MIIOrliX opraHOB (mllIl.l'BapIlTeJlbHblii TpaKT
H )l.p.) HeO)l.HOKpaTHO 6blJIIf omlcaHbl 5. II. J1aBpcHTLeBbIM (1939,
1946) H K. C. J1aBpoBbIM (1941). lllmlIllloBcKHe KJleTKIf conpoBom-
)l.alOT TaKHe BOJIOKHa Ha BCCX 3Tanax IIX xO.J.a. OKaIl'IlIBalOTCH 3TII
BOJIOKHa MaJIeHbKIIMH YTOJI eHIIHMII I1enOCpe.ll.CTBeHHO Ha nOBepx-
HOCTH rJIa)l./WMblll1e'-lHbIX KJIeTOK (pHC. 27), To, '-lTO 3TII BOJIOKHa J1e-
)KaT HMeHHO B npOTOnJIa3Me WBaIlHOBCIUlX KJIelOK, BII)l.HO Ha
pHC. 28 H 29. Ha)l.o )l.YMaTb, '-lTO npOTOnJla3Ma 3THX WBaHHOBCKIIX
KJleTOK conpOBOm.il.aeT BOJIOKOHu.a )1.0 caMblX HX OKOIl'-laHHH Ha MbIW-
il.ax. )leJIo B TOM, 'ITO O'-leHb '-laCTO BH)l.1I0, [ITO KaKaH-TO aprllpoqmJIb-
HaSI 3epHHCTOCTb, lfMelO aH OTHOWClllle K WBaHHOBCKOii KJIeTKe,
npHHHMaeT Y'IaCTHe B cpOpMHpOBalIHII )l.BIIra reJIbHOrO KOIIIleBoro
npH60pa (pIlC. 30). lIHor)l.a no TaKoii 3epHIICTOCTII MmKIIO yra)l.aTb
KOHTypbl caMoH wBaHHoBCKOH KJIeTKII (pIlC. 31 II 32).
T8KHM 06pa30M, CHCTeMa )l.BHraTeJIbHbIX npOBO)l.HHIWB B )l.yre
aopTbl npe.ll.CTaBJIeHa CnJIeTeHHeM, B KOTOpOM 1I1I.ll.IfBH)l.yaJILHble BO-
JIOKHa 06'be)l.HHeHbl 06 eH 060JlO'-lKOii H3 nepllcpeplfLfecKoH r.1HIl.
Kam.ll.oe BOJIOKoHu.e OKaH'-lIfBaeTCH CneIUlaJIbHblM YTOJI elllle 1
B cpOpMHpoBaHlm OKOH'-laHHH npHHHMaeT y'IaCTIIe H rJIIIH (wBaIlHoB-
CKaH KJIeTKa). B03MomHo, KJIeTKII rmm Bbl.ll.eJIHlOT KaKoe-TO BCW.C-
CTBO, )l.alO ee aprupo<pIIJILHYIO peaKIlIIlo C a30TIIOKHCJIblM cepe6poM.
HecMoTpH Ha TO, [ITO ll1BaHHOBCKIIC KJIeTI\H npHHIIMalOT Y'-laCTlIe
B 06pa30BaIlHH u.CJ10ro pH)l.8 LfYBCTBIITeJILIIblX OKOIl'-l8HlIii B rJlaJlKO-
Mblll1e'-lHOM cJloe aopTLl, OTJIHLfIlTL I1X OT TaKOBblX )l{e B )l.BHraTeJILIIbIX
OKOHLfaHHHX J1erKO - B 1II1X HepBHoe BOJIOKHO He BXO)l.I1T B KOHTaJ\T
C MbIWe'-lHbIMH 3.'lCMeHTaMII, a TOJIbKO C BcnOMOraTeJlLHOii KJIeTKOiL
B )l.BHraTeJIbHbIX me, XOTH WBaHHOBCKaH KJIeTI.;a H conpOBOm.ll.aCT
HepBHoe BOJlOKHO )1.0 caMOH MLlweLfIloii KJleTKH, 0I';8I1'IllBaeTCH 3TO
BOJIOKHO HMeHHO lIa MbIWe[llIoI", KJleTKe (pIlC. 22, 27-32).
BepxHSIH II lIIfmHHSI nOJIble BeHbl, KOTOpblMlI, KaK II3BeCTIIO, 3a-
KaH'-lHBaeTCH Kpyr KpoBo06pa eHIIH, Ha'-laTblii .ll.yroii aopTbl, npeJI.-
CTaBJISIIOT COCY)l.bl, B CBOIlX 6JIHm8iiwllx K cep.ll.IlY lJaCTHX O)l.CTble
MHOKap)l.OM npaBoro npe.il.CCp)l.I-IH. 06e OHI-I conceM lie npIIB.'leK8J1II
BHHMaHHSI HCCJIe.ll.OBaTeJIeii (eCJIH He C'-lIlTaTL A. B. PaXMaIlOBa,
OnHCaBll1erO B 1901 r. OKOH'IaHIIH B BII)l.e KYCTOB B v. cava inferior
48
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PIIC. 28. WBaHlloBcKaH KJIeTK3 ,/\BllraTeJIbHOrO OKOH-
<JaHIiH B cpcJ1HeiI 060JIOlJKC ]J.yrll aopTbI (06. 100 X,
11111111., OK. 10 X; pllCOB3JIblibliI annapaT Ha ypoBlie
cTo. a).
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PHC. 29_ WBaliHoBcKaH KJICTKa ,/\BllraTCJIbIiOrO OKOlIlJallllH B cpe.D.lleii
060JIOlJKe 30pTbi (06. 100 X, IIMM., OK. 10 X; pHCOBaJIbllblH annapaT
lIa ypOBHC CTOJIa).
4 T. A. rpHropbcBa
49
MOpCKOll CBI1HKI1) )J.ame 11 TOr)J.a, KOr)J.a EaHH6pl1)J.m (Bainbridge.
1915) 06paTI1J1 BHHMaHl1e Ha pecpJleKTOpHoe YliaIll.eIme cep)J.ue6l1eHI1H
npl1 nOBblllleHl111 BeH03Horo )J.aBJleHI1H. TOJlbKO cnycTH 22 rO)J.a nocJle
"noro HOHI1)J.eu (1937a) 3a)J.aJlCfI CneUI1aJlbHOH ueJlblO I1CCJle)J.OBaTb
HHTpanepHKap)J.l1aJlbHble lIaCTH nOJlblX 11 J1erOllHblX BeH B acnCKTe HX
OTHOllleHHH K pecpJleKcy EallH6pl1)J.ma. 11M onHcaHbl OKOHlIaHHfI
lIYBCTBHTeJlbHOrO THna, pacnOJlOmeHHble B 3THX BeHax B OCHOBHOM
B cy63H)J.OTeJlHH, raHrJlH03Hble CnJleTeHHH, nepeXO)J.flIlI.He H3 npe.n.-
cep)J.Hl'i B CTeHKH BeH, H TaK Ha3bIBaeMble nepHMYCKYJlflpHble OKOHlIa-
HHH Ha BOJlOImaX MI10Kap)J.a. HOHH)J.eu npHXO)J.HT K 3aKJlI01leHHIO,
liTO cy63H)J.OTeJlHaJlbHble peuem'opbl nOJlblX BeH noxomH H MOpcpO-
, ,'"
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PHC. 30. LLBHr3TeJIblibie OKOHlJallHH H3 r Jl3,/\KOMbllllelJllblX
KJIeTK3X cpe,/\lIeii 060JIOlJKH ,/\ym 30pTbI. AprHpocjJUJIbHaH
3epllHcToCTb B llIB311110BCKIIX KJICTKaX (06. 100 X, HMM.,
OK. lOx; pHCOB3JIbHbIii 3nn3p3T lIa ypoBHe CTOJla).
J10rHlIeCKI1. 11 CPYHKUHOHaJlbHO Ha T3IWBble me )J.yrH aopTbl 11 liTO BHe-
nepHKap)J.l1aJlLHbIe lIaCTI1 3THX BeH, a paBHO 11 HpeMHble BeIlbl JIl1111eHbl
lIYBCTBHTeJlbIlblX HepBOB.
B )J.aJlbHellllleM EOHHBelITO 11 MopHH (Bonivento e Morin, 1941)
YCTaHOBHJlH, liTO nOJlble BCHbl lIeJlOBeKa H pa3J1l1l1HblX mHBOTHblX
06HJlbHO cHa6meHbl lIYBCTBHTeJlbHblMH OKOHlIaHHHMl1, npHHa)J.J1ema-
IlI.HMH TOJlCTblM MfiKOTHblM BOJlOKHaM, npHllle)J.lllHM rJlaBHblM 06pa-
30M no nn. phrenici. PacnOJlOmeHbl3TI1 lIYBcTBI1TeJlbHble OKOHlIaHI1H
TOJlbKO B tunica adventitia.
B HaCTOflIll.ee BpeMH BonpocaMH HHHepBaUHH BeH 3aHHMaeTCfl
E. A. ,QoJlro-Ca6ypoB (1946, 1947, 1948a,6, 1949a, 6, B, 1950a, 6,
1953). 11M BbInOJlHeH pH)J. pa60T, B KOTOpblX OH C 60JlblllOll nOJlHOTOll
H TOliHOCTblO H3YllHJI HHHepBaUHoHHble OTHOllleHHfI B nOJlblX BeHa>..
11M onHcaHbl HHTepCTHUlIaJlbHble - cpe)J.H HHX a)J.BeHTHUHaJlbHble
MemMbllllellHble H cy63H)J.OTeJlHaJlbHble - H MbllllellHble peuenTOpbI.
nOKa3aHO. .1ITO 3TH pcuenTopbl HBJlHIOTCfI OKOH1I3HlIHMH TOJlCTbIX 11.
50
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Pm'. 31. .LJ:BllraTeJIbllbfe OKOHlJ3HIIH 113 rJI3,'1.KOMbllllelJHblX KJIeT
Kax cpe,/\IICH 000.10lJKH ,'lyrn 30pTbl. AprHpoqJHJIbH3H 3epHH-
CTOCTb B IlIBaHIIOBCKIIX K.1eTK3X too. 100 X, IIMM., OK. 10 x;
pllCOBaJIbllbl1t 3nn3p3T 113 ypoBHe CTO. 3).
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PHC_ 32. .LJ:uHr3TCJlblible OKOIIlJ31111H Ha r.1a,'l.KOMbllllelJllbIX KJIeTKaX
cpeJJ.lleH OOOJIOlJKII ,/\yrlI aopTbl. AprnpoljJlIJIbliaH 3epHHcTocTb B.
IlIBalillOBCKIIX KJIe1 Kax (06. IlJO X, IIIIIM., OK. 10 X: pHCOBaJIbllblH.
31lnapaT Ha ypoBlie CTO:la).
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51
cpeJUIlIx no KaJI116PY M5IKOTlIbIX BOJIOKOH. .D.oCT11rafOlll.HX CTeHOK
BeH no 6JIY:»{.D.aJOlll.I1M 11 no CnI1HIIOM03rOBbIM HepB3M. faHrJIIIOHap-
HblH annapaT nOJIblX BeH 11 HIHepHeiipOH3JIbHbIe OTHOllleH1151 B HeM
113BeCTHbl HaM TaK}J{e 113 pa60T E. A. .rrOJlro-Ca6YPOB .
Halll MaTepnaJI, He .D.06aBJI5I5I HHlJ"CrO npHHU11n11aJIbHO HOBoro,
MO}J{eT paClll!lplITb M YTOlJ"HHTb HeKoTopble CPc.D.eH1151 OTHOCHTeJIbHO
HepBHblx np1160pOB np11Cep.D.ClJ"HblX LJaCTCH nOJIbIX BeH. Dpe}J{.n: e
Bcero He06xo.D.MMO OTMCT11Tb HX 06HJIbHCHlllYI0 acpcpepeHTHYIO HHHep-
BaUHIO. Ha pHC. 33 npe.D.CT3BJIeIlO tJYBcTBIITeJIbHOe HepBlIOe CnJIeTe-
. "" . . ;.. ..__. . ' < ' < . : ' .. ,. ;;. , .. . . . ;')':... .. " J . ' .: r' . , _ .--
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PHC. 33. HIDKHHH nO.1J3H Bella. CIlJleTeHHe qYBCTBHTeJIblibIX BOJIOKOII
B ee cy63H,/\OTeJIHH. MHKpOcjJOTO (06. 10 X, OK. 7 X).
H11e B cy63H.D.OTeJIlJaJIbHOM CJIoe HIDlmeii nOJIOH BeHbl BOJIOKHa 3Toro
CnJIeTeHIhl OKaHlJ"HBaIOTC5I II B cy63H.D.OTeJIIIII, II B 3H.D.OTCJIIIII.Oc06eHHO
06UllIpHbl peUenTopbl Ha rpaHIIue C 3H.D.OTeJIIIeM. OHM 3aH11MaIOT
no HeCKOJIbKY KBa.D.paTHbIX MHJIJIHMeTpOB CTeHKII COCY.D.a II no CY-
lll.eCTBY npeBpalll.aJOT BeCb 3H.D.OTeJIHaJIbHbIH CJIOH B CnJIOlliHOe pe-
IJ.enTopHoe nOJIe (pHC. 3411 35). Dpll6JIM3HTeJIbHO TaK me nocTpoeHbl
peIJ.enTopbl II B TOJIlll.e caMoro cy63H.D.OTeJIM5I.
KaK II3BeCTHO, HIImH5I5I nOJIa51 BeHa npH CBoeM Bna.D.eHIIM B cep.D.ue
O.D.eTa MblllleLJHblMII 3JIeMeHTaM11 MHOKap.D.a. O.D.HaKO, HeCMOTp5I Ha
3TO, OHa MMeeT II c06CTBeHHYIO MbllllelJ"HYIO 060JIOlJ"KY, nOCTpoeHHYIO
113 rJl3.D.KOMLIlllelJ"HbIX KJIeTOK. XOT5I 3Ta 060JIOlJ"Ka 11 He BblpameHa TaK
XOpOlllO, KaK Y apTepnaJIbHblX COCY.D.OB, Bl:e me OHa 06HJIbHO cHa6-
:>KeHa lJ"YBCTBIITeJIbHbIMII OKOHlJ"aHII5IMII KOTopbIe JIemaT Ha ee CTO-
pOHe, 06pallJ.eHHOH K Cy63H.D.OTeJIIIIO 11, nOBII.D.IIMOMY, HBJI5IIOTCH
52
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(06. GO. X, OK. 10 X; pllcoBa.1bHblH annapaT lIa ypoBlie CTOJIa;
npM neqaHI YMcHblllelio B 7 pa3).
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CKoro KYCTa Bee Cy6311j\0Tt'JI II II. KOIIIlClJble nCWJlbKH II 6JIHllIKII peuellTopa
OKaHqllBalOTCH lIa nOBepxlloCTIi 311110T£>.q(laJIbHbIX KJIeTOK (06. 45 X,
OK. 10 X; pHcoBa.1bHblll annapaT Ha ypanlle CTOJIa; npll neqaTM YMellb-
IlICIiO B 4 pa3a).
53
06ll1.HMH .lJ.J151 31'lIX .lJ.BYX C"lOeB COCY.lJ.UC1'oii C1'l'HKH 06bl4HO 31'0 KYC1'bl
pa3HOM CTeneHH CJlO}!{HOC1'H, npHlla.lJ.J1e}!<3ll1.He, KaK H peuen1'Opbl
3H.lJ.01'eJlH 51 , TOJlCTblM U Cpe.lJ.I1erO KaJIl!6pa M5IKOTHbIM BOJlOKHaM
Cy63H.lJ.01'CJlI1aJlbHOrO CnJlen'1lI151 (pue. 36).
06HJlLHO HHHepBHpoE3H U caM MHOKap.lJ. npHCep.lJ.e4HblX 4ac1'eH
nOJlblX EeH. B HeM HMeI01'C5I II CJlO}!{HbIC, 06BHBalOlll.He MblWe41lble
BOJlOKHa BefB"'IeHU5I (pI1c. 37), II KOJl60BH.lJ.I1ble penlKYJl5IpHble B3.lJ.Y-
, "
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PeuenTOp B ee Cy6311)\OTCJIIiH lIa rpalillue C TJIaJ\KOMbIllJe'lHbIIII
CJIaCM (06. GO X, OK. 15 X; plICODaJIbliblii 3nnap3T lIa ypOBIiC CTOJIa;
npH nCqaTil YMCllbllJCIIO B 1'/2 p33a).
TH5I H3 KOHUax HepBHblX BOJlOKOH CB060.lJ.Hble HJlH CH36}KeHHble
BcnOMOraTeJlbHblMH KJleTKaMII, II npOC1'ble OKOH43HHSI B BII.lJ.e .lJ.HXO-
TOMlI4eCKlIX .lJ.J1l1HHbIX Be1'BJI€HUM (Pl1c. 38). Oc06eHHo 06HJlbHO co-
npOBmK.lJ.3101'CSI HepBaMII vasa vasorCill nOKpbITOH MHoKap.lJ.OM 4aCTlI
nOJlblX BeH: HepBHble BOJlOl{Ha 06pa3Ylo1' B lIX C1'eHKax BceB03MO)K-
Hble peuenTopHoro 1'Hna OIWH'JaIlHSI (pIlC. 39). HapY}KHbIC CJlOH no-
J1blX BeH, HX tunica adventitia, 06bl l IIIO C0J1ep}K31' npoc1'ble, HO 04eHb
npOT5I}KeHHbIe qYBc1'BHTeJlLIIble OKOIl4aHII5I B BlI.lJ.e .lJ.lIXOTOMII4eCKIIX
BeTBJlCHHH M5IK01'llbIX BOJlOKOIl (pHC. 40).
Bce 3TH CJlO}KHble HepEHble npu6opbI, KaK H B 30p1'e, npIlHa.lJ.J1e-
}KaT .lJ.BYM ClICTCM3M BOJlOKOII - 6JIY}K.lJ.mOIIUIM nepE3M II cnIIHHO-
M03rOBblM 4YBCTBIITeJlbHbIM 3a.lJ.HeKOpCWKOBbIM. KaK II J1yra aopTbl,
nOJlbJ:e BeHbl nOJIY4aJOT IIHHepBaUllIO 01' ynOM5IHY1'bIX HepBOB 06ellx
54
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11011I B0.10Klle, pacnO.10)/{eHII011 B IlpilCep.1.e'lIlOii '1aCTlJ 1l0JIoli BelibI
(06. 60 X. OK. is x; p1iCODa.1bllblH annapaT Ha ypoBHe CTo.1a; np"
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113 ee 1II0Kap;UI:J.1bllbiX BO.10KIHlX II Ha cacy:\ax ee CTeliKII
(06. 45 X. OK. 15 X; plicoBa.1bllblii allllapaT lIa ypoBlie
CTO.1a: Ilpll lle'laTIi YMeliblUello B 4 pa3a).
55
CropOH. KaK cnpaBe.D.J1HBO YKa3hIBaeT E. A. D.OJlrO-Ca6ypOB, BO-
J10KHa CHCTeMhI 6J1Y)I{.D.aJOlll.HX HepBOB 06bI1lHO TOJJllI.e H_ 06pa3YlOT
60J1ee CJlO)l{Hhle OKOHlJaI!lIH.
DOJlhIe BeHhI 06J1a.D.alOT M0lll.-
HhlM r3HrJlH03HhlM annapaTOM,
paCnOJlO)l{eHHhIM B OCHOBHOM B
cJloe MHOKap.D.a H B 3nllKap.D.e.
faHrJlHIf nOCTpOeHhI H3 60JlhillOrO
llHCJla HepBHhIX MYJlhTHnOJlHpHhlX
KJleTOK, Cpe.D.H IWTOPhlX XOpOIllO
BII.D.Hhl KJleTKH II THna j],OreJlH.
YYBCTBHTeJlhHhIe annapaThl pacno-
J1araJOTCH .D.3)Ke B CaMHX rmlrJlH5IX
(pHC. 41).
D.BHraTeJlhHhIe OKOHllaHHH
rJla.D.KOMhllllellHoi1 llaCTH CTeHKH
nOJlhlX BeH nocTpoeHhl TaK :>Ke,
KaK TaKOBhIe B aopTe. D.Bl1raTeJlh-
Hhle OKOHlJaIlH5I BOJlOKOH MHoKap-
Jl.a 06J1a.D.aJoT BceMH xapaK"lep-
HhIMH .D.JJ51 mIX oc06eHHOC'T5IMH
(E. 11. J1aBpeHTbeB, 1944), TOJlbKO
B rJla.D.KHX MhIllluax HaCTynaeT
.D.ereHep3UHH .D.BHraTeJlbHhIX cnJle-
TellHH nocJle Y.D.aJleHHH CHMnaTH-
IleCKHX Y3J10B. D.BHraTeJlbHhle
O!WlllJallHH Ha BOJlOKHaX MIIO-
Kap.D.a B OCHOBHOM npIIHa.D.J1e:>K3T.
nOBH.D.HMOMY, OTpocTKaM .D.Bllra-
TeJlLHhIX KJleTOK HHTpaMypaJlbHhIx
HepBHhlx Y3J10B.
COCY.D.hl MaJlOrO Kpyra l<pOBO-
06palll.eHHH B CMhICJle CBOHX IIHHep-
BaUHOHHhlX oTHollleHlli:j H3YlJeHhl
B ropa3.D.0 MeHbilleH CTeneHH, lJeM
cocYllbl 60JlbillOrO Kpyra. 3TO B
nOJlHOll Mepe OTHOCHTCH II K Ha-
II3J1hHOi:j lJaCTH J1ero l I!loii apTe-
pIm, H K npHCepJ1elJHOll llaCTH
J1erOlJHOH BCllhl.
nocJle KpaTiWrO ynoMIIHaHHH
A. C. D.oreJl5I (18973, 6, 1898)
o TOM, lJTO B ero J1a60paTOIHIH
CTY.D.eHT lIleMeTKHH 06IlapY:>IUlJI
B CH'HKe J1er0 1 mOrI apTepliH J1pe-
BOBH.D.Hhle OKOHlJaI!lIH, nOXO)l{He Ha HMelOlll.HeCH B aopTe, CJleJ1yeT
.D.J1HHHhIH nepllO.D. EtJeMellH. B TelJeHHe KOToporo y I1CCJle.n.OB3TeJleH
He B03HHKaJl HHTepec K IIHHepBaUHlI 3THX COCY.D.OB. TOJlhKO B 1928 r.
56
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PHC. 39. HmKIIHH nOJIaH BCHa.
4YBcTBHTeJIbliaH lillllcpBaulIH apTe-
pHH cc CTCIIKII. MIIKPOlJJOTO
(06. 10 x, OK. 7 X).
III
M. MapMOplilTeHH ony6J1I1KoBaJl I1CCJle.D.OBaHl1e, B KOTOpOM OH
BblHBJlJI Y11aCTl1e .D.enpeCCopHoro HepBa B I1ImepBaUl111 J1erO'lHOH
apTeplllf, 11eM nO.D.TBep.D.IfJl OT.D.eJlbHble Ha6mo.D.eHI1H lIlYMaxepa
(Schumacher, 1902) H HeKOTopbIx .D.pyrJlx aBTopoB, C.D.eJlaHHble no
XO.D.Y pa60T, He HMelOlll.HX npHMoro OTHOrneHI1H K 113Y11eHI1I0 I1HHep-
BaUIUI COCY.D.OB MaJloro Kpyra.
EllI,e 11epe3 9 J1eT TaKIfIIO II BaTaHa6e (Takino u. Watanabe, 1937)
Co06ll1.lJ.II 11 , 11TO B CTeHKe a. pulmonalis 11 ee 06eHX BeTBell pac-
nOJlO)KelIbI CJI0)KHbIe KOHUCBbIC HepBHble annapaTbl B cpopMe HHKan-
CYJll1pOBamlblx 11 CB060.D.HbIX KJly6KOB (npl1 t leM Ill' TOJlbKO B HapY>K-
)
PIIC. 40. HIDKIIHH nOJIaH BeHa. PeucnTopbI ce HapY1KHOH
060JlO1JKH B BH,'Je npocTblx ,/\IIXOTOMII1JCCKIIX BCTBJleHHH
HepDllbIx BO.10KOH. BeTBIl pel\CIlTOPOB 01Jellb ,/\J1IllIlIbI,
nepeKpblD310T J\pyr ,/\p yra, 'ICM C03J\3IOT 0611JIbHOe HcpBHoe
C1I301Kelilie 3TOil 1J3CTH COCY,/\3 (00. 10 X, OK. 15 X;
pHCOBaJIbllbIH annapaT lJa ypoBlie CTOJIa).
HOll, HO 11 B Cpe.D.HeH 060Jl011I<e), npIlI-Ja.D.J1e>l<3ll1,lIe BOJlOKHaM 6J1Y)K-
.D.aJolll.ero HepBa. TaKHHo 11 BaTaHa6e BbmOJlHI1J111 CBoe I1CCJle.D.OBaHl1e
Ha 3M6plfOHax 11eJlOBeKa H HeKOTopbIX MJlCKOmnalOllI.IIX. KpoMe Toro,
OHI1 06CJle.D.OBaJlII 11 B3pOCJlblX >KHBOTHbIX (6b1IW, TeJleHKa, CBHHblO,
MOPCKYIO CBIIHKY, KpOJllII<a II KPbICY) 11 Y Bcex 06HapY>KI1J111 CXO.D.Hble
KapTI1HbI CTpoeHIIH H pacnpe.D.eJleHlIH HepBHbIX npHoopoB B 3TOM co-
CY.D.e. 0 HaJlHllIHI HHlIepBaUHoHlIoii 30IlbI B J1ero11HoH apTepl1H nTI1l(
ynOMI1HaeT MypaTopH (lY37a). HOIIIf.D.eu >Ke (1935c), Ha060poT,
KaTerOpl111eCKJI )'Ka3blBaJl Ha nOJlHOe OTCYTCTBHe npcccopeuenTopOB
B npOKCI1MaJlbHblX 11aCTHX J1er011HbIX COCY.D.OB. B 1941 r. OH BbIHY)K-
.D.eH 6bIJI OTKa3aTbCH OT 3Toro YTBep)K.D.eHHH, TaK KaK B 011epe.D.HOM
I1CCJle.D.OBaHI1H 06HapY>KHJI B HallaJlbHOlf llaCTII J1er011HOH apTepHH
c06aKH HepBHbIe OKOh11aHHH, npOHCXO.D.HllI,lfe OT Cpe.D.HIfX no Ka-
JIH6PY H TOHKHX BOJlOKOH, nOXO)KHe Ha TaKOBble )Ke, 06HapY)KHo
57.
-BaeMble B aOpTe. OJ\HaKO no OTHOllleHlIIO K .n.pyrllM )KIIBOTHbIM HOHII-
..n.eu nOnpe)KHeMY OTplluaeT IIHHepBaUllIO JIerOllHOM apTepllll, a paB-
HblM 06pa30M 11 ee BeTBell, KOTopble, no ero MlleHlIIO JIlIllleHbl HepB-
HblX OKOH1I3HlIH 11 Y c06aKn. B 1942 r. JI. A. OO.n.COCOB onllcaJI
HepBHbIe OKOHliaHlIfi BO Bcex Tpex 060JIOliKaX JIerOliHOH apTepl1l1,
QC06eHHo 06l1JIbHble y ee Bblxo.n.a 113 npaBoro )KeJIy.n.ollKa cep.n.u a .
3TlIM no CYllI.eCTBY IIClIepnblBaJIlICb .n.o nOCJIe.n.HIIX JIeT Bce JIllTe-
paTypHble .n.aHHble, KacalOllI.lIeCfI IIHHepB3UllOHHblX OTHOllleHlIii B JIe-
rOliHOH a pTepllll.
B He.n.aBHee BpeM5I nOfiBIIJIlICb IICCJIe.n.OBaHlIfi B. B. KynpIlflHoBa
.,(1952, 1953a, 6) 06 3M6pnOll3JIbHOM pa3BlITIIlI II cTpoemm HepBHorC'
\.
< .'ir '
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PHC. 4 I. HmKHHH nOJIaH DeHa. 4YBCTBIITCJIbHOe OKOII-
q;IIIHC B raHrJIlI1I B ee CTeHKe (06. 100 x, lIMM.,
OK. 15 X; pliCOBaJIbllbIH annapaT lIa ypoBHe CTOJIa; npH
neqaTlI YMellbllleliO B 4 pa3a).
.annapaTa JIerOllHblX cocy.n.OB y lIeJIOBeKa 11 HeKOTOpblX )KIIBOTHbIX.
B 3TlIX IICCJIe.n.OBaHII5IX nOK33aHO, liTO y lIeTblpeXMeC5I1IHOrO lIeJIO-
BeliecKoro nJIoJIa B JIerOliHOli aprepllll 11 BeHe y)Ke npe.n.":TaBJIeHbI
lIYBCTBIITeJIbHble OKOHliaHlIfi. CJImKHOCTb IIX CTpOeHlI5I n03BOJIfieT
aBTOpy npllllllCJIIITb HeKOTopble 113 HIIX K TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIM nOJIIIBa-
JIeHTHblM, T. e. pacnpOCTpaHfll0llI.IIMC5I CBOIlMII BeTB5IMlI B pa3HbIX
TKaHeBblX cy6CTpaTax.
ABTOP, npOCJIe}KlIB3f1 pa3BlITlIC peuenTopOB JIerOllHblX cocy.n.OB
no cTa.n.1I5IM 11 cpamIllBafi CTpoeIllIC HX B 3M6pllOHaJIbHOM ncpno.n.e 11
y B3pOCJIblX }/<lIBOTHblX, nOKa3bIB3CT YCJIO)KIICmie KaK caMIIX lIYB-
CTBIITeJIbHblX OKOH1I3HlIH, TaK 11 IIX B3alIMOOTHOllleIlllH C IIHHepBII-
pyeMblMII 3JIeMeHTaMII 11 nOflBJICHlIe B JIerOllHblX cocy.n.ax YllaCTKOB
'C 60JIee BblCOKOii KOHueHTpaUIleu peuenTopHblX npIl60pOB.
B CneUIlaJIbHOll pa6OTe, nOCBflllI.eHHOH II3YlleHIIIO IIHHepBaUlI1I
JIerOliHOu apTepllIl, B. B. KynpIlflHoB (19536) OlMeliaeT CXO.n.CTBO
.IIHHepBaUIloHHbIX OTHOllleHIIfI B Hell II B aopTe. B 060IlX cocy.n.ax OH
:58
()lUiCbIBaeT MOIl.l.HbIC HepBHble cnJleTeHIi51 B HapY:>KHOH 060JIO'-IKe, 06-
pa30BaHHbIe BOJIOKHaMIl 6JIY)KJ1,aJOIl.l.IiX Ii CIiMfIaTIi'-IeCKIiX HepBoB, Ii
npoHIiKHoBeHne BeTBei'I 3TIiX CnJIeTeHI1H B 60JIee rJIy601me '-IaCTIi
'COCY.D.IiCTbIX CTeHOK. B YCTbe JIerollHoH apTepIiH, B HapY:>KHOH ee
060JlO'-IKe, B. B. KynpIi5lHOB 06HapY)KnJI HepBHbIe KJleTKIi, cHa6-
JKeHHbIe nepliUeJlJlIOJI5IpHblMli annapaTaMH.
PeuemoPbI, KaK I1X onIiCbIBaeT B. B. KynpH5IHOB (19536), npe,Q.
CTaBJl5I1OT C060H pa3HoH CJlO:>KHOCTIi .D.peBOBH.D.HbIe pa3BeTBJleHIi5l,
pacnOJlO:>KeHHbIe Ii B HapY:>KHOH, Ii B Cpe.D.HeH 060JlO'-IKe cocY.D.a. rIpH-
Ha.D.J1e:>KaT OHn CHCTeMe TOJlCTbIX M5IKOTHhIX BOJlOKOH.
I1HTepecHbI Ha6J110.D.eHIi51 B. B. KynpIi5lHOBa, KacalOll.I.IieC5I 3JIe-
MeHTOB, Ha3bIBaeMbIX nM rJlOMycHbIMIi. 3TO - oKpyrJlbIe, KpynHo-
5I.D.epHbIe KJleTKIi, J1e:>KaIl.l.He 60JIbIlJei'I lJaCTblO B BIi.D.e 06IiJlbHO IiHHep-
BIipoBaHHbIx Ii BacKYJl5IpIi3lIpOBalIHbIX CKOnJIeHIiH. ABTop paccMa-
TpHBaeT HX KaK cy6CTpaT cnoc06HoCTIi CTeHKIi KpoBeHocHoro cocY.D.a
BocnpHHHMaTh xeMopeuenTopHbIe IiMnYJlbCbI.
rIo OTHOIlJeHliIO K npHCep.D.e'-IHOH '-IaCTH J1erO'-IHOH BeHbI TOJlbKO
Y r. 11. 3a6ycoBa (1941) Ii Y B. B. KynpIi5lHOBa (1952 Ii 1953a)
IiMelOTC5I YKa3aHH5I, CBIi.D.eTeJlbCTBYIOIl.l.He 0 HaJlH'-IIIli 06IlJnpHbIX,
.cJIO:>KHO nocTpoeHHbIx IIYBcTBIITeJIbHhIX OKOH'-IaHHH B ee CTeHKe.
rI03TOMY no OTHOIlJeHliIO K IIHHepBaUHIi npHCer.D.e'-IHbIX '-IaCTeH
JIerO'-IHbIX cocY.D.OB HY:>KHO CKa3aTb, '-ITO MOp<pOJIOrH5I B lJaCT05lll.l.ee
BpeM5I ell.l.e He 06J1a.D.aeT .D.OCTaTO'-IHbIM KOJlIi'-IeCTBOM CBe.D.eHIiH .D.J151
peIlJeHH5I BonpocoB, KaCaJOIll.HXC5I ueJloro p5I.D.a 51BJleliliH B JIerOIJHOM
KpoB006paIll.eHHIi. B qaCTHOCTH, He06xo.D.IiMO npoIi3BecTIi 3KcnepIi-
MeHTaJlbHhIH aHaJlIi3 1iIIHepBaUIIoHHbIX OTHOIlJeHIIH B cocY.D.ax caMO!'CI
'IerKOrO
Mbl 06CJle.D.OBaJlIi J1CrOqIIYIO apTeplllO Ii JIeroqHYlO BeHY, npIiMe-
H5I5I Te :>Ke MeTO.D.liIleCKHe npHeMbl. KaJme 6bIJlIi nCnOJlb30BaHbJ HaMIi
npll Ii3yqeHIill IiHHepBaUIiH .D.YrH aopTbl Ii npHCep.D.eqHbIX qaCTeH
nOJIbIX BeH, T. e. Y.D.aJI5I5I qYBcTBIITeJlbHbIe Y3J1bl 6.rrY:>K.D.alOIl.I.HX Hep-
BOB (gang!. nodosum), Me}Kn03BOHOqHbIe Y3JIbl, a TaK)Ke Ii Y3J1bI '::IiM-
naTIiqeCKOH HepmIoH CIiCTCMbI (BepxHHe IlJeHHbIe H 3Be3.D.qaTbIe)
Ii npOCJle:>KIiBa51 CTPYKTYPY II cnoc06 OKOHqaHH5I nepepO:>K)J,alOIl.I.IiXC5I
npn :nnx YCJlOBIi5IX lIepBHbIX npn60poB.
JIero l lHa51 apTepll5I no CBOCMY 061l.1.eMY CTpoeHHlO OqeHb HanOMIi-
J-JaeT HaqaJlbHYlO qaCTb aopTbI: alia TaK)j(e nplilW.D.J1e:>KlIT K COCY.D.aM
C 51pKO BhIpa)j(eHHbIM 3JIaCTllqeCKIiM TlinOM Ii TaK)Ke COCTOIiT 1I3 qe-
pe.D.YlOIl.I.HXC5I 3J1aCTlIHO-KOJIJIarCIiOBbIX nJIaCTllH, Me:>K.D.Y KOTOpbIMIi
3aJlO:>KeHhI npOCJIOHKH rJla.D.KOMbIIlJeIJHOH TKaHll. O.D.IWKO B CMhICJIe
CBOllX lIHHepBaUIIOHHhIX OTHOIlJeHnH a. pulmonalis 06JIa.D.aeT ueJlbIM
p5l.D.OM OTJlliIJalOIll.llX ee OT aopTbI qepT: MOIll.lIbIM HepBHOKJleTOqHbIM
annapaToM, OTCYTCTBlleM 6e3MbIIlJC 1 IHbIX YlJaCTKOB, cHa6)-1(eHHbIX pe-
uenTopaMlI, Ii lJaJlllqlleM 60JlblUOrO KOJIliIlCCTBa naparaHrJIlIOHapHoH
TKaHll, pacnOJlO)-l{eHHOH HenOCpe.D.CTBeilHo B TOJIll.I.e ee CTeHKlI.
Bo MHOrIIX MCCTax J1erOqHOH apTepllll B HapY)j<HOH 060JlOqKe
BlI.D.Hbl 60.JlbIlJlIe lIepBHble CTBOJlbl, KOTopbIe BXOJ1,51T B ee CTeHKY.
B OT.J1Iiqlle OT HepBHblx CTBOJlOB .D.yni aopTbl, nocTpoeHHbIx B OCHOB-
59
HOM H3 TOJICTbIX M5IKOTHbIX H OlfeHb TOHKHX 6e3M5IKOTHbIX BOJIOKOlf..
OHH CO,l1,ep}KaT npeHMYll.I.eCTBeHHO M5IKOTHbIe BOJIOI<Ha Cpe,l1,HerO Ka-
JIH6pa, Cpe,l1,H KOTOpblX MO}KHO pa3JIIIlflfTb 60JIee KpynHble 11 MeHee
KpynHble H K KOTOpblM npIlMeWaIlbl TOHKl1e 6e3M5IKOTHble BOJIOKOHua.
XapaKTepHOif OC06eIlHOCTbl0 3THX HepBHblX CTBOJIOB 51BJI5IeTC5I CpaB-
HHTeJIbHO 60.lJbWOe KOJIHlfeCTBO HepBHblX KJIeTOK, paCnOJIaralOll.I.IIXCH
rpynnaMI1 II nOO,l1,I1HOlfKe Cpe,l1,11 nYlfKOB HepBHblX BOJIOKOH.
HepBHble CTBOJIbl, BoifJ],51 B HapY}jWYfO 060JIOIJKY apTepl1l1, pa3-
6HBalOTC5I Ha 60JIee MeJIKl1e CTBOJIHKI1 H npOHI1KalOT B Cpe,l1,HlOIO 060-
\,
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2
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PHC. 42. J1erOQnaH apTepHH. TlInbI peuenTopoB B ee
lIapY>KIIOH OOOJIOQKe (KOMOIIHlIpoBaIIHaH 33plIcoDKa oe3
pliCOB3JIbliOrO annapaTa; 06. 45 X, OK. 10 X; npll neQaTiI
Ylllellblllello B 2 pa3a).
JIOlfKY. B KOTOpOH 06pa3YIOT CnJIeTeHl1e, COCT05lll.l.ee lfaCTl1lfHO II3
QYBcTBIITeJIbHblX, lfaCTJ1l1ll0 113 ,l1,Bl1raTeJIbHblX BOJIOKOH.
4YBCTBHTeJIbHble HepBHble annapaTbI pacnOJIO}j{eHbl BO Bcex Tpex
060JIOlfKaX JIerOlfHOI1 apTepIlI1.
B tunica adventitia OllIi nOCTpoeHbI Hal160JIee npoCTo II npIlHa,l1,-
JIe}j{aT CpaBHIITeJIbHO TOJICTblM (II3 BOWe,l1,WIIX B CTeHKY apTepllIl)
M5IKOTHbIM BOJIOKHaM. 06blIJHO 31'0 - HeMIIOrOIJHCJleHHble BeTBJle-
HI151 M5IKOTHOro BOJlOKHa. 06pa3YI01l.l.lleC5I OT TaKIIX BeTBJIeHl1ii TOH-
KHe 6e3M5IKOTHble BOJIOKOHua O'leHb ,l1,JlIIHHbl, IIHOr,l1,a nOBTopHO ,l1,e-
mITC5I Ha ,l1,BP ell.l.e 60JIee TOIIKIIe II ;J.JIIIHHble BeTBI1 (pHC. 42). TaKl1e
peuenTopbl, HeCMOTp51 Ha HeMHOrOlfHCJleHHOCTb CBOIlX BeTBeif, 6.1a-
rO,l1,ap51 HX ,l1,JlJlIIe, OXBaTbmalOT 60JIbWOH Y'IaCTOK CTeHKIf cocY,l1,a-
KpoMe TOro, OHIf nepeKpblBalOT ,l1,Pyr ,l1,pyra, C03,l1,ana51 06lfJlbHOe
o6ecnelfeHHe aq)cpepeHTHblMII HepBHbIMI1 npIl60paMIf Bceii HapY}j{HOIf
o60JlolfKH JlerolfHoii apH'plUl.
TaKHe }j{e peuenTopbl npoHHKaJOT H B ee Cpe,l1,HIOIO, MbIwelfHYIO
060JIOlfKY, HO pacnOJlaralOTCfI B HeH rJIaBHbIM 06pa30M B ee Hapy}!{-
60
fIbIX, npHJ1e>Karn:HX K tunica adventitia, OTJI.eJ1ax. OCHOBHhIM )l{e
lHlJI.OM [lynnBHTI:'J1hHhIX HepBHhlx oKoH4aHHii tunica media HBJHllOTCfI
KYCTHKlI, reCHO CB5I3aHlIbIe C MhIllle4HhIMlI 3J1eMeIITaMH CTeHl<H
1Iti
i' '''I'" , <
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PHC. 43. J1erO'lliaH apTepliH. 4YBcTBIITeJIblible OKOII'laIlHH B ee cpe,/\Heii
060JIoIIKe. MIIKpmjJoTo (06. 20 X, OK. 7 x).
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PIIC. 44. JIerO'lHaH apTepHH. <DOpMbI KOIIl\eBblX npH60poB peu.enTo-
pOB ee cpeJJ,lIeii OOOJIO'lKH (06. 100 x, HMM., OK. 10 X; 3apHCOBKa
6e3 pHCOBaJIbliOrO annapaTa).
cocYJJ.a. OT 4YBCTBlneJ1bHbIX lIepBHbIX OKoH4aHHi1 B aopTe OHH OTJIII-
4alOTCfI CBoeH CpaBHHTeJ1bHOH MliliHaTlOpHOCTblO (pHC 43) II oco6eHHo
OT4eTJIlfBO BbIpa>KeHHbIMH peTHKYJIflpHhIMH paclimpeHHflMIi KOHe4-
lIbIX BeTBeH' (pHC 44). 4YBcTBHTeJIbHbIe OKOH4aHHfI B CpeJI.HeH
61
C60JIOLJKe apTeplUl MHOr04HCJIeHIIhl, paCnOJIO>KelIhl B HenOCpe.n.CTBeH-
HOM KOHTaKTe C MhIWellIlhlMIf 3JIeMeliTaMH BO BeeX ee CJIOHX.
nepcpOm.n.CHIfC 4YBCTBUTe,1LHhIX npU60pOB JIer04HOH apTepHIf
HaCTynaeT If npu nepepe3Ke 6Y}K.n.alOll HX HepBOB HJIH y.n.aJIeHHII
gangI. nodosi, If npH y.n.aJIemlll HllmHe-weihlhlX H BepxHe-rpy.n.HhIX
(C a -D 5 ) Me}Kn03BOH04HhIX Y3JIOn, T. e. no OTHoweHHlO K ::Hoii apTe-
pHH HMeCT MeCTO TOT }Ke <pPHOMCH, KaK II no OTHoweHUlO K aopTe II
h npHccp.n.e4HhlM LJaCTHM nOJlbIX BCH. HMeeTCH .n.BoiiHoe 06eCneLJeHHe
4YBCTBUTeJIbHOCTH JIer04HOii apTeplIll
3a CllCT UJly:m.n.alOw.HX H CnHlIa.'ILHhIX
HepBOB.
BcpxHHe weiiHble CHMnaTH4eCKHe
II oc06eHHO 3BC3.n.4aTble Y3JIbl HBJIH-
lOTCH rJIaBHbIMH HC104HHKaMIf .n.BIf-
raTe.'IbHOii HHHepBaUHH JIer04HOii
apTepIfIf. DOCTralIrJIHOHapHbIe BO-
JIOKHa - Ht'llpHTbl pacnOJIOmeHHblX
B 3TIIX Y3JI8X KJIeTOK - .n.OCTHraIOT
CTeHKIf cocy.n.a B COCTaBe Tex Kpyn-
HblX CTBOJIOB, KOTopble BXO.n.HT B ee
HapY>K:IIYlO 060JIO'Il<y 3TO- TOHKlle
6e3MHKOTllhlC BOJIOKlla, KOTophle no-
KIf.n.mOT Kpymlhle CTBOJIbl II B tunica
media 06pa3YlOT CnJIeTeHlIe, 60raToe
illUaIllIOnCKIlMli H.n.paMIf. OT 3TIIX
cnJIeTClillii OTXO.n.HT BOJICKOHUa, OI{aH-
'IllBalow.HeCH Hcnocpe.n.cTBeHHo lIa
MblillCllIlhlX KJICTKax. Bce CKa3aH-
Iloe no OTHOillCHlIIO K .n.BHraTeJIbHoMY
annapaTY aopTbl IIMeeT MeCTO II no
OTHOlllell11l0 K TaKoBoMY mc JIero4-
HOM apTepllH.
J1er04HaH apTepHH B 06JIaCTH CBoero OTXO>K:.n.CHIIH OT cep.n.ua 11
no BceMY npOTmKellIHO 60raTa HepBllbIMH Y3.'IaIIllI. OHIf JIemaT npe-
HMyw.ecTBeHHo B HapY}KHOii ee 060JIO'IKe, HO Hepe.n.Ko BCTpe4aIOTcH
H B cpe.n.HeiL 06bl4HO 3TO 60JIee H.'IIf MCHce KpynIlble CKOnJIeHIIH HepB-
HblX KJIeTOK, paCnOJIO>KcHHhlX KaK 60JIec KOMnaKTHo, TaK If 60.'Iee
PbIXJIO; IfHor.n.a KJIeTKII JIe}KaT M8JIeHLKilMIf rpynna!\l11 H .n.a>K:e O.n.If-
H04HO. 3Ha4IfTCJIbHaH LJaCTb HeiipOlloB TaKIIX )'3.10B npe.n.cTaBJIeHa
MYJIbTHnOJIHpllhlMli HepBHhlMIl I{JIeTKa llI, HO MHorHe cpe.n.H HHX o6JJa-
.n.aIOT H He60JIbWUM KOJIH4eCTBOM OTpOCTKOB. HeKOTopoe KOJIIf4e-
crno raHrJIHOHapllhlx HeiipOHOB cHa6}KeHO nepHueJI.1lOJlHpHbIMH anna-
paTaMH, nocTpoeIlHblMIf H3 TOIlKHX 6e3MHKoTHbIX BOJIOKOHeu - KO-
He4HblX pa3BeTBJIeHHii TOHKlIX M5IKOTIlbIX BO.'IO)(OH (pHC. 45). 06III.HH
MOp<pOJI0rI14eCKliH xapaKTep CUHanTH4eCKHX annapaToB TaKoii me.
KaKoii npHcyIII. KJIeTKaM raHrJIUeB npaBoro npe.n.cep.n.H5I (H. A. Yep-
BOBa, 1950). HHor.n.a BU.n.HO, KaK OTpOCTKH o.n.Hoii KJIeTKU OKaH4H-
salOTC5I Ha TeJIe .n.pyroii 60JIbWIfMH 6YJIaBoBH.n.IlhlMli peTlIKYJIHpHblMH
62
.. 1
...i J _.. "-
--- \ '"
" .. _ fl,
. --. ,})'j.
h)
. I --4
(,' . ,
";'.-
(\\"
,'"
PHC. 45. J1erO'lliaH apTepHH.
HepBliaH KJIeTKi1 H3 ee BIIYTPH-
CTeIlO'lIiOrO rallrJIHH, clla6)Kell-
HaH nepHlj,eJIJIIOJIHpllbiM annapa-
TOM (06. 100x, HMM., OK. 15x;
pHCOBaJIbllbJH annapaT lIa ypOB-
lie CTOJIa; npH ne'laTiI YMellbllIe-
110 B 2 pa3a).
PIIC. 46. J1erO'lliaH apTepllH. HepBllblH Y3eJl B ee CTeIiKe.
B COCTaBe Y3JIa, KpoMe lIeHpolloB, lIaxo,n.IITCH naparallrJlllOllap-
lIaH TKalib (06. 45 x, OK. lOX; pHCOBaJIbHblH annapaT lIa ypOBlle-
CTOJIa; npll ne'laTH YMellbllIeliO B 2 pa3a). .
,, e ;l - ..
: . :i '" ,. ".", _. :,:.&
"'-W . . . \"'\''J; ,-..\!..\(,. w.
Q, .... ."....:.It.. '. ... ( , ;...0.. )C, <;.
({> ii,'. . > ,. ';) .., <ir , "' .
...""' . " ""-.. ! 'f"o"... {; \f(
. " .. '" . '... '6.x ..:' ." - ' ;,D l \
\ ..: f4)I . ." ,t:. 4{" ., , v '- \:)
'v;;."" ,....., ' 'i;..\..' . , !\;'-:.)t; t
, <, ",,: ,-':"' "-:'. . - '-.: i< t" 1
.; .J \.>.. .." I , I/ ,. ..< '<;!. ',z.j.
"'...... . .,. .' \ :.
_. . .,:; ..; '. " -"'".'1
C; " .. -;. .l, : . :NS:
,;,\,1. . \.' r-
" i' ' ' J .:B
'"'" " ,,,ue v -01-' """ 4
:a;. "'.
PHC. 47. J1erO'lliaH apTepHH. HepBllbIH Y3eJI B' ee CTeliKe.
ClIllannl'leCKHe llnnapaTbI lIa lIepBllblx KJIeTKax. naparallrJIlIO-
HapliaH TKalib B COCTaBe Y3JIa (pllcOBaJIbllbIH annapaT lIa
ypoBlie CTOJIa; 06. 45X, OK. 10 X: npll ne'l31'1I YMellbllIelio
)I 2 pa3a).
63
B3.n.YUIHMH. OTpOCTKJI HepBHhIX I<JIeTOK CKJIa.n.hlBaIOTCH B CTBOJIHKH,
nOKH.n.aIOT raHrJIJlH H pacnpe.n.eJIHIOTCH Cpe.n.JI MhIWellHhlX KJIeTOK
-Cpe.n.HeH 060JIOlJKH apTepmi
Ha pHC. 46 H 47 BH.n.HO. liTO raHrJIH03HbIe KJIeTKH HaXO.:I.HTCH
B Henocpe.n.CTBeHHOM CaCeJlCTBe C .n.pyrllMH, He HepBHhIMH, KJIeTKaMH,
lIaCTb KOTOpblX CO,'I.ep}KHT B npOTOnJIa3Me aprnpocpHJIbHble 3epHa.
3TH KJIeTKH lIpC3BhI I JaHHO e.n.HHo06pa3I1hI' 60JIhweiI lIaCTblO OHH
npo.n.OJIrOBaTo-oKpyrJIbl (pHC. 48), flHor.n.a 06JIa.n.aIOT yrJIOBaThI r Te-
JIOM, npOTOnJIa3Ma HX CBeTJIaH, HemH03epHIICTaH, H.n.pO 60JIhWOe,
60raToe xpoMaTHHoM C HeCKOJIb-
KIIMH SI.n.phIwKaMH. JIe}KaT 3TII
K"'IeTKII Bcer.n.a rpynnaMH, 60JIb-
WeH)Ke lIaCTbIO 06pa3YloT orpoM-
Hble CKOnJIeHIIH.
Xa paJ<TepHoi'J oc06eHHocThIO
3TIIX KJIeTOK HBJIHeTCH ux cnoc06-
HOCTb BbIpa6aTbIBaTb B npOTo-
nJIa3Me Bew.eCTBO, KOTopoe 06JIa-
.n.aeT pe3Ko Bhlpall<eHHoH apreH-
TOcpllJIbHOH peaKUlleii. B 3TOM
cJIYllae Ha npenapaTax, 06pa60-
TallHbIX no cnoc06y EIIJIhWOB-
cKoro-rpocc, KJIeTKII HMeIOT BH.n.
cOBepwclIHo lIepHhIX 06pa30-
BaIlJlH.
Cne.n.H 3a 3TIIM npoueccoM,
MomHO 06HapY}KIITb Bce CTa!J,HII
ero, HaI]JjHaH C nOHBJIeHIIH B
KJICTKe He60JIbWOrO KOJIIIlICCTBa
apreHTocpJlJIhHblX 3epeH H KOHlIaH
3anOJIH HHeM IIMII BceH ee npoTo-
nJIa3MhI (pIiC. 49).
TOJIhKO [13CTb KJIeTOK Haxo.n.HT.
CH B COCTOHIIUH BhIpa6oTl<H 3Toro
apreHTocpJlJIhHOrO BeIII.ecTBa, .n.pyraH lIaCTb Haxo.n.HTCH KaK 6bl B no-
KO H npe.n.cTaBJlella B BII.n.e BbIllJeOnllCaHHbIX OBaJIbHhlX, co C:BeTJIOH
npOTOnJIa3MOH H KpynHblMH H.n.paMIl 06pa30BaHHiL I1Hor.n.a KJIeTKa,
HanOJlHeHHafl apreHTocpllJIbHblM Bew.eCTBOM, MeHHeT CBOIO cpop:\ry,
npeBpaw.aflcb B oTpocTlIaTYIO IlJIH BbIT5IHYTYIO.
Bcer.n.a npouecc HaKOnJIemIH apreHTocpUJIbHoro Bew.eCTBa co-
npOBO)K.n.aeTcH nOflBJIeHIICM Ha KpaHx KJICTOK 60JIee MeJIKHX II 60JIee
KpynHbIx BaKYOJIeH, HMCIOW.HX BH.n. CBeTJIbIX nY3blphKOB (pHC. 50).
KaK YKa3aHO BblllJe TaKHe KJICTKII 06pa3YIOT CKOnJIeHHH, onpe-
.n.eJIeHHO THroTeIOw.He K HepBHbIM 06pa30BaHHHM CTeHKH JIerOllHOH
apTepHII, oc06ellHO K ee nepBHbIM Y3JIaM HJIH KpynHblM HepBHbIM
CTBOJIaM. CaMO BXO)K.n.eHlle HepBOB B HapY}KHYIO 060JIOllKY aprepFlH
COnpOBO)K.n.aeTCfI 60JIbllJIIMII nOTOKaMH 3TOH TKaHII, KaJ{ 6hI BJIIIBaIO-
w.eHCfI BMeCTe C HepBaMH B TOJIIII.Y cocy.n.HCTOH CTeHKU (pHC. 51).
<64
....
..
,"
PIIC. 48. JIerO'lliaH apTepllH. na-
parallrJIlIOHapllbJe KJIeTKII. MHK-
pO<pOTO (06. 100 x ,III1IM., OK. 7 x).
ECJIH UepBHbIe CTBOJIbl CO)l.ep)KaT rpynnbI raHrJIH03HbIX KJIeTOK.
OHH, KaK npaBHJIO, OC06eHHO 60raTbI ;:nOH COnpOBO)K)l.alOrn.eH TKaHbIO
KOTOpa51 HlIOr)l.a 06pa3yeT OqeHb KpynHble BKJIIOqeHH5I no fiX xO)l.y.
Lla)Ke B Cpe)l.HeH 060JIOqKe 3Ta apreHToqmJIbHa51 TKaHb 3aHHMae-r
06WHpHbIe npOCTpaHCTBa, nepeMeWHBa5lCb C 60JIbWI1M KOJIHqeCTBOM
HepBHblX Y3JIOB H HepBHbIX CTBOJIOB (pHC. 52 H 53).
TeH)l.eHUH5I K TeCHOH CB5I311 C HepBHbIMH 3JIeMeHTaMH npl1cyrn. a
apreHTo<pIIJIbHOH TKaHH nOBceMeCTHO - )l.a)Ke CpaBHI1TeJIbHO MeJIKI1
"i......."., ,:,;, :1"
no . >
..
".
. . ,:
'.
',;__ i
..
-.,'
;..:.
PHC. 49. J1erOQllaH apTepHH. naparallrJIHOllap-
lIaH TKalib. KJIeTKH aprellTa<jJepllllllbJ B pa3110H
CTeneliH. MHKpOepDTO (06. 100X, HIIIM., OK.7x).
HepBHbIe CTBOJIHKH COnpOBO)KJJ;aIOTC5I eIO. HepBHbIe Y3JIbI, KaK npa
BIIJIO, norpY)KeHbl B yqaCTKlI apreHTo<}JIIJIbHOH TKaHH (pliC. 46 H 47),
Ii JJ;a)Ke O,IJ:I1HOqHO JIe)Karn.He HepBHbIe KJIeTKlI BcerJ]:a I1MelOT OKOJIO
ce651 apreHTo<}JHJIbHbIe 3JIeMeHTbI.
ApreHTo<plIJIbHa51 TKaHb 60raTO BaCKYJI5Ip1I3HpOBaHa. XapaKTep-
HOll oc06eHHOCTblO ee KpOBOCHa6)KeHI15I 51BJJ5leTC5I HaJIl1qHe 60JIbWorO
Ko:mqeCTBa apTepllOJI, cHa6)KeHHbIX CnJIOWHbIM CJIOeM rJIaJ]:-
KHX MbIllleLJHbIX KJIeTOK, II pe3KI1H, 6e3 npOMe)KYTOqHbIX CTaJ]:IIii
nepexo,IJ: T3KI1X apTepHOJI B llllIpOlme TOHKOCTeHHbIe KamlJIJI5IpbI
(pI1C. 54a, 6 II 55).
ApreHTo<}JIIJIbHaH TKaHb cHa6}KeHa 60JIbllll1M KOJIHqeCTBOM qYB-
CTBl1Te,1bHbIX HepBHbIx OKOHlIaHliH B <}JopMe rJIaBHbI1lI 06pa30M pac-
npoCTpaHeHHbIx KYCTOB C 1\1H0rOlIIICJIeHHbIMli KOHueBblZvIH nJIaCTlIH
KaMII, nyroBKaMlf H KOJIeLJKa:\llI, KOTOpblMH 06HJlbHO npoHH3aHbI npo-
l\!e)KYTKli Me)KJ]:y apreHTo<}JIIJIbHbII\IH KJIeTKal\lII (pl1c. 56). 4YBCTBlI-
5 T. A. rpnropLCB3 65
TeJIbHble OKOHqamm HMelOT OTHOllleHHe K Ka}/{.n:OH OT.n:eJIbHOll KJIeTKe,
TeCHO K Hell npHMbIKaSI CBOHMH peTHKyJISIpHbIMIi TepMIlHaJIbHbIMIi
paClllHpeHHSIMH.
Bce peuemopHble npH60pbI apreHTocpIIJIbHOH TKaHII JIeroqHOH
apTepliH npHHa.n:JIe>KaT .n:ByM CHCTel\laM qYBCTBHTeJIbllbIX HepBOB-
6JIY}K.n:alOlll.eMY II cnHHHOM03rOBbIM. Ha pliC. 57 II306pa>KeHO nepe-
pO>KJI.eHIIe qYBCTBHTeJIbHbIX OKOHqaHllii B Macce apreHTocpHJIbHbIX
KJIeTOK nOCJIe y.n:aJIemm Me>Kn03BOHoqHbIX qYBcTBIITeJIbHbIX Y3JIOB
D 1 -D 4 C ,JJ:BYX CTOpOH. TaKoe }/{e nepepO}/{}J:eHue Ha6JIIo,J.aeTCSI B qaCTIi
peuenTopOB apreHToqmJIbHOH TKaHIi
H nOCJIe y.n:aJIellHSI gang!. nodcsi
lfJIH nepepe3KH 6JIY}/{JI.alOlll.UX HepBoB.
TaKafl apreHTocpUJIbHaSI TKaHb
06Hapy}/{eHa He TOJIbKO B a. pul-
monalis 31{CnepHMeHTaJIbllblX }/{HBOT-
HbIX (c06aJUI H KOlllKH), HO H B JIe-
rOqHOH apTepHH qeJIOBeKa. I1HTe-
peCHO OTMeTIITb, qTO CTeneHb apreH-
TocpHJIbHOCTIi 3TOH TKaHH pa3HaSI:
B TO BpeMH KaK y c06aKH ]{JIeTOK,
co.n:ep}/{alll.HX apreHToqmJIbHbIe 3ep-
Ha, OqeHb lHoro, y KOllleK 60JIblllHH-
CTBO KJIeTOK HX JIHllleHO. Y qeJIO-
BeKa apreHTocpHJIbHOCTb BbIpmKeHa
OTqeTJUlBO, XOTSI II KOJIe6JIeTCH Y
pa3HblX HH.n:IIBIIJI.YYMOR B ,r.OBOJIbHO
3HaqUTeJIbHblX npe.n:eJIax.
HaCTOSITeJIbHO He06xoJI.IIMbIM SIB-
JISIeTCSI lIJI.eHTllcpllUHpOBaTb 3T)" TKaHb
II pelllllTb Bonpoc 06 ee CPYHKUHO-
HaJIbHOM 3HaqeHlIII.
113BecTHo, qTO B 06JIaCTlI Me-
}/{JI.Y aopToll H JIerO ' IHOI1 apTepHell
pacnOJIaralOTCSI 60JIbllllle MaCCbI xpoMacpqmHHoif TKaHII. 3Tu 06pa-
30BaHHSI, onHcaHHbIe B CBoe BpeMSI BH3eJIeM (Wiesel, 1902, 1906) H
EY3aKH (Busacchi, 1912, -npHBeJI.eHo no Palme, 1934), 6blJIlI no-
JI.P06HO H3yqeHbI [1eHllT l lKOll (Penitschka, 1931) 1I oc06eHHo [1aJIbMe
(Palme, 1934), KOTOpblH BblJI.eJIIIJI B HlIX .n:Ba pa3.n:eJIbHbIX naparaH-
rJIHH: paraganglion supracardiale superior et inferior, 113 HHX IIlI}/{-
HHll, COJI.ep>Kalll.HH TOJIbKO xpOMacjxjJlIHHble KJIeTKH II qpe3BblqalIH0
HanOMH HalOIII.1I ii ClIMnaTHqeCKlle naparallrJIlIll 6plOlllHOll nOJIOCTlI.
[1aJIbMe ynoMlmaeT, qTO TaKHe }Ke xpOMacpcjmHHbIe KJIeTKlI 011 BHJI.eJI
y KOlllKlI B TOJIIII.e CTeliKU caMoll JIeroqHoif apTepllll B 06JIaCTU ee
BeTBJIeHHSI, npHqeM pacnOJIaraIOTCSI OHH BOKpyr MHOrOqHCJIeHHbIX
3)J.eCb vasa vasorum, npOHlIKaIOlll.HX B TOJIlll.Y CTeHKH a. pulmonalis
JI.O cepeJI.HHbI ee tunica media.
KaK H3BeCTHO, xpol\lacpqmHHaSI peaKUHSI KJIeTOK M03rOBoro Be-
lll.eCTBa HaJI.nOqeqHHKa 6blJIa 06HapY>KeHa B. A. EeuoM (1864). BYJIb-
66
. .
"!
1\
.,'..
'.. <q'
PHC. 50. J1erO'lliaH apTepHH.
YqaCTOK naparallrJIHOHaplioH
TKall1! c pe3Ko aprellTacjJcjHlII-
HblMH KJIeTKaIllH. B lIeKoTopblX
KJIeTKaX HMelOTCH BaKYOJIH. MII-
KpOcjJOTO (06. 100x, HMM.,
OK. 7 x).
.,. :,-.-..-
..
',',
.:'
. I'!
I.
I,'
II ,
,
..
"4
.." ;..t.- .';
" ",;
';'
;j( /
r. "j;- -!;
.,
,.' .:?'
T.
_... ..
.>\.
.. ,
"_., ++'
It
...
'"
.. . .
it'
"',o,..'
... .
.
....,;'>-
.1
-
<)
\:':":f'
IF,
,
.1
,
-j
.r ,.;'
...
> :, itlt:
"';'
'.?-... ...' .
. '.. .,
,i;;"
r;¥ .,.,
.:.. .;
.e'
"::
"-.<
, ....
It d
. ,,):
- : i ':
"J-';-
PHC. 51 J1erO'lliaH apTepllH. HepBlible KJIeTKH H naparallrJIIIO-
HapliaH TKalib B COCTaBe Kpynllblx lIepBllblx CTBOJIOB B ee
CTeIiKe. MIIKp<XjJOTO (06. lOx, OK. 7X).
;"oi
""
...
,- , ..,.
.,.{
, I
Irii
I;'
-
- .,.
/ .
:'o
1 ".
,,; ,...
:.- ;-;
.....
'.
. ' \
/...
iF'
, ,";
ff'
r -
i"' ":.
..i.>
,
J
"
. ..,
;",
'V I ,,"J
"
" ,.
....
r ......
. .: .
.-:. ..
"..,,;
if
..\,;..' ,:,;,.
.
,
, .
::"A..
-;: '. '
.,. .
' .'t;
.'i''"'"
, .
'. .,.,.., ',' i "';' . ""." JI;if
j
PHC. 52. J1erO'lliaH apTepHH. CnJIOIUHble MaCCbl naparallrJIHOIIapHOH
TKaliH B ee HapY)!{II0H 060JIO'lKe. OaparaHrJIHOllaplible KJIeTKH JIe)KaT
cpe,/\H lIepBlibIx CTBOJIHKOB H HaXO,/\HTCH B pa311b1X COCTOHIIHHX apreHTacjJ-
cjJHIIIIOCTIi. MHKpOcpOTO (06. 45x, X, OK. 10 x).
5* 67
nHaH (Vulpian, 1856) e e /1.0 Hero OnHCaJl CneLl.HqmqeCKYIO OKpaum-
B8eMOCTb 3THX KJleTOK paCTBopaMli nOJlYTopaXJlOpHCTOro >KeJIe3a.
B /1.aJlbHeHIlleM 6bIJIO nOKa3aHO, qTO XpOMOBa51 peaKLl.HH KJleTOK
naparaHrJlHeB 06H3aHa HaJllIqlIIO B HHX a/1.peHaJlHHa II MO>KeT 6bITb
nOJlyqeHa H in vitro (Mulon, 1904b). MYJlOH (1904b), a BCJle)J. 3a
HliM KlIHrc6epli (Kingsbury, 1911) 06HapY>KlIJlH, qTO a)J.peHamm
(B KJleTKaX H in vitro) )J.aeT KpaCOqHbIe peaKLl.HlI He TOJlbKO C )J.BY-
XpOMOBOKHCJlbIM KaJllIeM, HO II C a30THOKHCJlblM cepe6poM, OCMHeBbIM
aHrH)J.plI)J.OM, nOJlYTopaXJlOpHCTbl1\1 >KeJle30M H >KeJIe30CHHepO IICTbI1\1
KaJlHeM.
.. >,
"
< ,
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. .; r
."
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. ,
"
,.
, .. .'r
. .,
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PHC. 53. JIerO'lliaH apTepllH. CnJIOWlibIe MaCCbI naparaHrJIHO-
HapHoH TKaHH B ee CTeliKe B Y'IaCTKaX, oc06ellll0 60raTbIX HepB-
HbIMH CTBOJIaMH II KJIeTKaMII. MIIKpmjJoTo (06. lOx, OK. 7x).
DaJlbMe (1934) B CBoeH pa60Te YKa3blBaJl, qTO KJleTKH OKOJlO-
cep)J.eqHblX naparaHrJlHeB npH 06pa60TKe HX Agl';03 06HapY>KHBaIOT
He>KHYIO 3epHHCTOCTb, oc06eHHO Y qepenaXlI, Y KOTOpOH OHH cO)J.ep-
)KaT KpynHble apreHTocplIJlbHbIe 3epHa.
Ha O)J.HHaKOBYIO peaKuHIO naparaHrJlHOHapHOH KJleTKlI Ha CaJllI
xpOMa H cepe6pa YKa3bIBaJl H PHreJIe (Riegele, 1928), a rypMacp-
TaM H DaHbe (Goormaghtigh et Pannier, 1939) npOCJle)J.HJlH,
'ITO B oKoJlocep)J.eqHblX naparaHrJlHHX qlICJlO xpoMaqxpHHHblX KJleTOK
paBHo 'IHCJlY apreHTc$UJlbHblX. 3TO >Ke nO)J.TBep>K)J.aeT II H. A. llieB-
'IeHKO (1950), KOTOpb1H 06uapY>KHJI, qTO xpoMacpcpHHHbIe KJleTKIJ
B 06J1aCTH 6plOlilHOH BeHbI qepenaXH oKpaIllHBaIOTcH J a30THOKlICJlblM
cepe6poM, H OCMHeM.
TaKHM 06pa30M. UY>KHO 3aKJlIO l IHTb, 'ITO apreHTocpHJlbHaH peaK-
UHH naparaHrJlHOHapHoH TI<aUM, paBHo KaK II xpoMaqxpHHHaSI, 06SI-
3aHa HaJlHqHl0 B ee KJleTKaX a)J.peHaJlHHa.
68
..
,...:....
.\ '-
v
PHc.54a. J1er01JllaH apTepHH. naparallrJIHOllaplibIe KJIeTKH,
pacnOJIO>KelilibIe BOKpyr apTepHOJIbI (06. 60x, OK. 15x;
pHCOBaJIbllbIH annapaT lIa ypoBlie CTO,W; npH ne1JaTH YMellb-
lUeliO BPI! pa3a).
,\ I
; I
'". ,
J
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PHC. 546. J1er01JllaH apTepHH. l\'\IIKpOCIJOTO Y1JaCTKa,
11306pa>KeHIIOrO lIa pHC. 54a (06. 45 '{, OK. lOX).
69
-
. --
. '" ;.;-
"'
'.>,
.,
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.<;;..
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:;
>;,../
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.,
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:
:., ",
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..... <:
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PHC. 55. J1erOlJllaH apTepl!H. naparallrJIllOlIapliaH TKalib
OKOJIO apTepHOJIbI. MIIKpO<jJOTO (06. 45X, OK. lOX).
i
.1
PHC. 56. JIerOlJllaH apTepliH. PeuellTop lIa lIIaJIellbKOH
Belle H B YlJaCTKe llaparaHrJIHOnapllOi! TKaHI! (06. 60x,
OK. lOx; pHCOBaJIbHbIij allnapaT Ha ypoBlie CTOJIa; npl!
nelJaTH YMcllbUJelio B 2 pa3a).
70
O'IeBH.D:HO, HMeHHO HaJIH'IHeM a.D:peHaJIHHa HY)J{HO 06'bSlCHHTb
pe3KYlO apreHTocpHJIHlO KJIeTO'IHbIX Macc, pacnOJIO)J{eHHbIX B CTeHKe
JIero'lHoii apTepHH, H OTHeCTH HX K naparaHrJIHoHapHoli CHCTeMe.
Pa3Ha5I CTeneHb apreHTocpHJIbHOCTH 3THX KJIeTO'IHbIX Macc He SlB-
J1S1eTCSI B03pa)J{eHHeM npOTHB TaKoro .D:onYllI.eHHSI, nOTOMY 'ITO .D:a)J{e
B M03rOBOM BellI.eCTBe Ha.D:nO'Ie'lHHKa (3TOM 3aBe.D:OMO xpOMaqxpHH-
HOM H apreHTocpHJIbHOM, Bbi.AeJ1S1lOllI.eM a.D:peHaJIHH, naparaHfmm)
.....
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t ." I
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Puc. 57. JIerO'lliaH apTepliH. .LJ:ereliepau.IIH peu.enTopa B
naparaHrJIHOliapHoH TKall1! '1epe3 72 '1aca nOCJIe y,/\aJIellHH
D 1 -D, cnHllllOM03rOBbIX '1YBCTBHTeJIblibIX Y3JIOB (06. 60X,
OK. 10 X; pHCOBaJIbllbIH annapaT lIa ypoBlie CTOJIa; npH ne'laTH
YMellbrncHo B 2 pa3a).
B ceKpeTopHblll UHKJI KJIeTOK BXO.D:HT H CTa.D:HSI nOKoSl, l<or.D:a xpOMacp-
cpl:lHHOe BellI.eCTBO OTCYTCTByeT (Stoerk a. Haberer, 1908).
KpoMe Toro, B apreHTocpllJIbllOH TKaHH JIerO'lHOH apTepHII MO)J{HO
npOCJ1e.D:IITb Bee 3Tanbl HaKonJIeHHSI apreHTocpHJIbllOrO BellI.eCTBa.
T. e. 06HapY)J{I1Tb Bee nepexo,nbl OT KJIeTOK co eBeTJIoli npOTOnJIa3-
Moii .D:O TaKOBblX )J{e C npOTOnJIa3MoH. nepenOJIHeHHOH 'IepHbIMH.
C"lHBalOllI.HMHeSl B 06llI.YlO Macey. 3epHaMH.
Bee Bonpocbl, KaCalOllI.HeCSl B03MO)J{lIoro 3Ha'leHHSI naparaH-
fJ1J10Hapl-lOH TKaHl1 Bo06llI.e H B OTHOllleHlm K cOCY.D:HeTOH CTeHKe,
paBHo Kal< II Bee enopHble BonpoebI, eYllI.eeTBYlOllI.He B 3TOH 06JIaCTH.
6Y.D:YT pa306paHbI B enell.lJaJIbHOH rJIaBe.
J1erO'lHble BeHbl npe.D:eTaBJISIIOT eo60H eoeY.D:bl C nO'ITH He BbIpa-
)J{eHHOH r JIa.D:KOMblllle'lHOH epe.AHeil 060JIO'IKOH, nOl<pblTbIe Ha 60JIb-
1ll0M npoeTpaHeTBe MHOKap.D:OM JIeBOrO npe,'I.eep.D:HSI. BHYTpeHHSISI HX
060J10'IKa nOCTpoeHa 1I3 .D:OBOJIbHO TOJIeTOrO COe.D:HHHTeJ1bHOTKaHHofo
71
CJIOSl, BbICTJIaHHOrO 3Hj10TeJIlIeM. HapY)J{HaSl o60.TIO'lKa npeJ\CTaBJIeHa
06bI'lHOH COe.D:UHliTeJIbHOH TKaHblO C 60JIblllOii npHMeCblO )J{HPOBOH.
OCHOBHWMH OpMaMH peuenTOpHWX npH60pOB SlBJISlKITCSI 60JIee
CJIO)J{HWe HJIH 60JIee npOCTblP ;J.peBOBII.D:HWe II I<YCTOBII.D:Hbie OKOH'la-
HHSI, paCnOJIO)J{eHHble EO BCeX CJIOSIX CTeHKH JIerOtlHOH BeHbI.
OC06eHHO 06HJIbHO cHa6)J{eHa aqxpepeHTHbIMH npH60pal\ni BHY-
TpeHHSISI 060JIOlJKa COCY.D:a. 3.D:eCb HenOCpe.D:CTBeHHO B Cy63H.D:OTemm
npe.D:CTaBJIeHbI ueJIbIe nOJISI, 3aHSlTbIe lJYBCTBHTeJIbHbIMH OKOH'la-
HHSlMH, npOCTHpalOlll.HMHC5I Ha 60JIbllme npOCTpaHCTBa, OT.D:alOlll.UMII
OTBeTBJIeHUSI K KJIeTKaM 3H.D:OTe.TIHSI. Do cYlll.eCTBY TaKlie peuenTopbI
npeBpalll.alOT BHYTpeHlllolO 060JlOlJK)' BeHbl B CnJIOlllHOe peuenTopHoe
nOJIe (pliC. 58).
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PHC. 58. JIerOlJllaH Bella. 4aCTb 00.1bUloro peu.enToplioro nOJIH B ee
BIIYTpeHlleH 060JIOlJKC (06. 45 x, OK. lUx; plICOBaJlbllbIH ann a paT lIa
ypoBlie CTOJla; npn nelJ<JTII YMeliLUlCIiO B 2 pa3<J).
DOMHMO 3TOrO, H 60JIee rJIy601<IIe 'laCTlI BHYTpeHHeii 060JIO'lKH,
H COe.D:HHHTeJIbHOTKaHHble npOCJIOHKH Me)J{.D:Y Mblllle'lHblMH BOJIOK-
HaMH (MHOKap.D:HaJIbHbll\llI) He MeHee 06UJIbHO cHa6)J{eHbI lJYBCTBH-
TeJIbHbIMH HepBHbIMH OKOHlJaHIISlMH. Dpe.D:CTaBJIeHbl OHII 60JIee orpa-
HHlJeHHWMH 06pa30BaHHSlMH B BH.D:e KYCTHKOB, npHHa.D:JIe)J{alll.HMH
TOJICTblM MSlKOTHblM BOJIOKHal\1. Ha pUC. 59 II 60 H306pa)J{eHbl TaKHe
OKOH'laHHSI.
B rJIy60KHx )J{e OT.D:eJIaX tunica intima pacnOJIo)J{eH H .D:pyroH
THn 'lYBcTBHTeJIbHbIX OKOH'laHIIH, OTJIII'lalOlll.HXCSI oc06oil TOJIlll.IIHOH
MHKOTHbIX BOJIOKOH, UM npHHa.D:JIe)J{alll.lIX, rycToToH II He6oJIblllOH
npoTSI)J{eHHocTblO TepMHHaJIbHbIX BeTBJIeHUH, 3aKaJPIliBaIOlll.HXCSI
TaJ<)J{e B3.D:YTHSIMII H H6puJIJISlpHWMH paclllHpellHSlMu.
OlJeHb pacnpoCTpaHeHHwM nmOM peuemopoB SlBJISllOTCSI TaKHe,
B COCTaB KOTOpbIX BXO.D:SlT BcnOMOraTeJIbHbIe I<JIeTKU. 5I.n:pa HX Kpyn-
HbIe H CBeTJIble, nOXO)J{He Ha SI.D:pa lllBaHHOBCKliX KJIeTOK, otJeHb
72
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PfiC. 59. J1erOQllaH Bella. Peu.enTopbI fl3 rJIy60Koii QaCTH ee BHY-
TpelilieH 060JIOQKH. MHKpOcjJOTO (06. lOX, OK. lOx).
t.... ..
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PIIC. 60. J1erOQllaH Bella. Peu.enTOp fl3 ee BIIYTpelilieH
060JIOQKH. MIIKpOcjJOTO (06. 20x, OK. 7x).
73
06HJIhHO npeL(CTaBJIeHhl B KOHUeBhlX pa3BeTB.1eHHHX TaKHX peuen-
TOpOB, C KOHe'lHhIMH BeTBJIeHHHMH KOTOphlX OHH npHXOJ].HT B TeCHOe
COnpHKOCHOBeHHe (pHC. 61).
B MhIllle'lHOM CJIoe, 06pa30BaHHoM, KaK Y)J{e 6hlJIO YKa3aHo, cep-
JJ.P'lHhIMH nOnepe'lHonOJIOCaThIMH Mhlllle'lHhlMH BOJIOKHaMH, peUenTO-
phI paCnOJIO)J{eHhI B COeJ].HHHTeJIhHOTKaHHhIX npOCJIoi'max Me:>KJ].Y
HHMH HJIH HenOCpeJ].CTBeHHO Ha Mhlllle'lHhlX BOJIOKHaX. npeJ].CTaB-
JIeHhI OHH KOMnaKTHhlMH KOpOTKOBeTBHCThIMH KYCTHKaMH C 60JIh-
lllHMH B3J].YTHHMH Ha KOHe'lHhIX BeTBHX H npJiHa.D.JI€)KaT paBHhIM 06pa-
30M TOJICThIM MHKOTHhlM BOJIOKHaM.
.. . . :,. / . «
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L .. \T i'.. . '<,.:.:i-
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PliC. 61. JIerO'lHaH BeHa. KOllueBbIe annapaTbI ee peu.enTopoB.
MHKpOcjJOTO (06. 45x, OK. lOX).
Oc06eHHhIll HHTepec npeJ].CTaBJIHlOT 'lYBCTBHTeJIhHhle OKOH'laHJiH,
pacnOJIO)J{eHHhle B Tex MeCTax CTeHKH JIerO'lHOll BeHhl, rJ].e Mhlllle'lHhle
BOJIOKHa, BnJIeTaHCh B coeJ].HHHTeJIhHYlO TKaHh, OI<aH'lHBalOTCH, 06pa-
3YH B 3TOM MeCTe pOJ]. CYXO)J{HJIhHOrO nepexoJ].a 01' Mhlllle'lHoj'1 K CO-
eJ].HHHTeJIhHOTI<aHHOll CTpYKType. TaKHe nepeXOJ].Hhle MeCTa oc06eHHO
06HJIhHO cHa6)J{eHhl peuenToparvlH, KOTophle 06pa3YlOT uenO'lKY
KYCTHKOB, pacnOJIO)J{eHHhIX HMeHHO B MeCTax nepexo a MhllIIUhl
B coeJ].HHHTeJIhHYlO TKaHh.
BCTpe'lalOTCH Ha BOJIOKHaX nOnepe'lHOnOJIOCaThIX cepJJ.e'lHhIX
MhllIIU JIerO'lHOll BeHhl H OKOH'laHHH, CBH3aHHhle Henocpe;J.CTReHHO
C HHMH, TaJ<He )J{e, KaK B nOJIhlX BeHax (pHC. 37) H B caMOM cepJ].ue
(11. A. 4epBoBa, 1950).
B HapY)J{Holl 060JIO'lKe JIerO'lHOH BeHhl pacnOJIo)J{eHhl MHOrO'lHC-
JIeHHhle peuenTophl, nOCTpoeHHhle 60JIee npoCTo, B BHJ].e HeMHoro-
74
'lHCJIeHHhIX BeTBJIeHHH MSlKOTHhIX BOJIOKOH Ha TOHKHe H .D.JIHHHhIe
6e3MSlKOTHhIe KOJIJIaTepaJIH. no CYIlleCTBY OHM He OTJIH'IalOTCH OT
peuemopOB JIerO'lHOH apTepHH, H306pameHHhIX Ha pHC. 42.
06Illee npaBHJIO, yme o6HapymeHHoe no OTHOllIeHHIO K OCTaJIh-
HhIM 60JIhllIHM COCYJlaM rpYJlHoH nOJIOCTH (aopTe, npHCepJle'lHhIM
llaCTSlM nOJIhIX BeH, JIerO'lHOH apTepHH), JleHCTBHTeJIhHO H 3JleCh:
JIerOIlHaSl BeHa cHa6maeTcH 'lYBCTBHTeJIhHhIMH BOJIOKHaMH He H3
OJlHOrO HCTO'lHHKa.
LlereHepaUHIO ee 'lYBCTBlfTeJIhHhIX npH60pOB MhI Ha6JIlOJlaeM KaK
npH YJlaJIeHHH gang!. nodosum, TaK H Memn03BOHO'lHhIX Y3JIOB (HHm-
He-llIeHHhIX H BepxHe-rpYJlHhIX).
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PHC. 62. J1er01JHaH Bella. .LJ:ereliepau.HH 06umplloro peu.enTopa H3 ee BHY-
TpelilieH 060JI01JKII 1Jepe3 70 1JaCOB nOCJIe y,/\aJIellHH DI-D« cnHHIlOM03ro-
BbIX 1JYBCTBIITeJIbllbIX Y3JIOB (06. 45X, OK. 10 X; pliCOBaJIbllbIH annapaT
lIa ypOBlle CTOJIa; npH ne1JaTH YMeliblUeliO B 2 pa3a).
Ha pHC. 62 H306pameHo nepepomJleHHe 60JIhillOrO peuemopa H3
nOBepxHocTHhIX llaCTeH cy63HJlOTeJIHSI nOCJIe YJlaJIeHHSI Memn03BO-
HO'lHhIX Y3JIOB D 1 -D 4 . B KOHe'lHhIX pa3BeTBJIeHHHX Tal<HX peuenTO-
pOB BlIJ].HO orpy6emle H OTnaJleHHe KOHueBhlX neTeJIeK H 6JISlllIeK,
HepOBHOCTh IIX KOHTypOB, rpy6aSl 3aKpallIHBaeMOCTh H paCnaJl CaMHX
BOJIOKOH (pHC. 63).
TaKlle me KapTHHhI B JlPyroll 'laCTH peuenTopoB o6HapymHBalOTcSI
H npH YJlaJIemlH gang!. nodosum 6JIymJlalOIllHX HepBoB.
B JIerO'lHhIX BeHax Ha6JIIOJlalOTCSI H raHrJIH03HhIe KJIeTKH, CKOH-
lleHTpHpoBaHHbIe B HepBHhle Y3JIbl, JIemaIlllle B COeJlHHHTeJIhHOTKaH-
HhIX npOCJIOHKaX cpeJ].H MhlllIe'lHhIX BOJIOKOH. no cpaBHeHHIO C no-
JIhlMH BeHaMH H oc06eHHO C JIerO'lH01I apTepHeH (5. 11. PenKHH,
1951) KOJIHlleCTBO raHrJIHeB B JIerO'lHOH BeHe He3Ha'lHTeJIhHO.
75
KJIeTKH B 3THX Y3JIaX lIaCTHlIHO MYJIbTHnOJISlpHbl, lIaCTHlIHO 06-
JIa)J.aIOT O)J.HHM HJIH )J.BYMH OTpocTKaMH. MYJIbTHnOJI5IpHbIe KJIeTKH
cHa6)J{eHbI nepHUeJIJIJOJISlpHblM CHHanTlflleCKHM annapaToM, 06bIlI-
HblM )J.JISI HHTpaMypaJIbHbIX cep)J.ellHbIx Y3JIOB. KJIeTKH, 06JIa)J.aJOlll.He
MaJIbiM KOJIHlIeCTBOM OTpOCTKOB, nepHueJIJIJOJIHpHoro annapaTa JIII-
meHbI.
4TO KacaeTCSI 3qxpepeHTHoro HepBHoro annapaTa JIerOllHOH BeHbI,
TO Ha)J.05Ka3aTb, liTO OH npe)J.CTaBJIeH, l<aK II B nOJIblX BeHax, )J.JIHH-
-.
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PHC. 63. JIer01JHaSi apTepHSI. fleTaJIH KOHueBbIX pa3BeTBJIeHHH peuen-
TOpOB B BH,/\e 06UlHplibIX KYCTOB. .lJ.ereliepau.HH 1Jepe3 70 1JaCOB nOCJIe
Y.AaJIeIlHSI DI-D... cnHllllOM03rOBbIX 1JYBCTBHTeJIblibIX Y3JIOB. MIIKpO-
CPOTO (06. lOOx, HMM., OK. 7x).
HbIMH H TOHKHMIf BOJIOKOHuaMH, 6erYlll.HMH no )J.JIHHe MHOKap)J.HaJIh-
HbIX MbllliellHhlX BOJIOKOH H 3aKaHlIHBaJOlll.HMHCSI Ha nOBepXHOCTH HX
MaJIeHhKHMH B3)J.yTHSlMH. BepOSlTHee Bcero, 3TH BOJIOKHa npHHa)J.-
JIe)J{aT KJIeTKaM HHTpaMypaJIhHbIX HepBHbIX Y3JIOB. Bo BCSlKOM CJIY-
lIae HaM HH pa3y He y)J.aJIOCb BH)J.eTb nepepO)J{)J.eHHe HX nOCJIe )J.eCHM-
naTH3auHH.
DO)J.BO)J.SI KpaTKHH HTor lfIaKTaM, KacaJOU\HMCSI HepBHbIx npH60-
pOB B 06JIacTH 60JIhllIHX COCY)J.OB rpY)J.HoH nOJIOCTH - B )J.yre aopTbI
H B npHcep)J.ellHbIx lIaCTSlX nOJIbIX HeH, T. e. B cocY)J.ax, HallHHaJOlL1.HX
H 3aKaHlIHBaJOlL1.HX 60JIhiliOH Kpyr KpoBOo6palll.eHHSI, H B JIerOllHOll
apTepHlI, H B JIerOllHOH BeHe, T. e. B cocy)J.ax, H(!lIHHaJOlll.HX H 3aKaH-
lIHBaJOlL1.lIX MaJIblH Kpyr KpOB006palll.eHHSI, HY)J{HO C)J.eJIaTb HeCKOJIhKO
BbIBO)J.OB.
76
nepBblH, H CaMbIH rJlaBHblH, KaCaeTCSI OrpOMHOrO KOJIHqeCTBa
'1YBCTBIITeJIbHb!X HepBHblX OKOHqaHlIH B 3THX cocY)J.ax: 6YKBaJIbHO
B HIIX HeT CTPYKTypbI, He cHa6)/{eHHOH peuenTopOM. HY)/{HO OTMeTl1Tb
H 60JIbliiOe pa3Ho06pa3He CTpoeHl1SI caMHX peuenTopOB.
BTOpOH BbIBOJ]. KaC8eTCSI CXOJJ.CTBa peuenTopHOH IIHHepBaUHH Be-
H03HblX COCY)J.OB npHcep)J.e'lHoii 06JIaCTH - nOJIb!e BeHbl H JIeroq-
Hble BeHb! HMelOT B CBoeH lIYBCTBl1TeJIbHOH HHHepBaUHH MHoro 06UUiX
qepT.
LITO KaC8eTCSI aopTbl H JIerOqHOH apTepHH, TO npH 06lll.eM OCHOB-
HOM nJIaHe HX peuenTOpHoro cHa6)/{eHHSI aopTa HMeeT cneUH Hqe-
CKHe qepTbI B CBOHX qYBCTBI:ITeJIbHbIX npH60pax B BHJ].e CneUHaJIbHbIX
6e3MblllleqHbIX yqaCTKOB B CTeHKe C orpoMHbIM KOJIHqeCTBOM oc060
CJIO)/{HO YCTpoeHHbIx peuenTopoB.
llBHraTeJIbHaSI HHHepBaUHSI 60JIblllHX COCY)J.OB rpY)J.HoH nOJIOCTH
BCeUeJIO 3aBHCHT OT HHHepBl:lpyeMoro cy6CTpaTa. ECJIH 3TO rJIa)J.KHe
Mb!lllUbl, KaK B aopTe, JIerOqHOH apTepHH H qaCTHqHO B HH)/{Hell no-
JIOH BeHe, TO 3 ct>epeHTHble HepBHbIe npH60pb! npe)J.cTaBJIeHb! cnJIeTe-
HHeM TOHKHX 6e3MSIKOTHbIX BOJIOKOH, cHa6)/{eHHbIX 60JIblllHM KOJIH-
qeCTBOM lllBaHHOBCKHX KJIeTol<, conpOBO)/{)J.aIOUUix HX )J.o caMoro
KOHTaKTa C rJIa)J.KOH MbIlllueH, KOTOpblH OCYlll.eCTBJISIeTCSI MaJIeHbKHM
YTOJIlll.eHHeM Ha KOHLle BOJIOKHa. ECJIH 3TO nOnepeqHOnOJIOCaTbIe
BOJIOKHa MHoKap)J.a npeJ].cepJJ.HH, nepexo)J.SIlll.He Ha BeH03HYIO CTeHKY,
TO )J.BHraTeJIbHb!e npH60pb! nOCTpoeHbI 60JIee HH)J.HBH)J.yaJIbHO H npe]l-
CTaB_'ISIIOT TOHKHe H )J.JIHHHb!e I30JIOKHa, OKaHqHBalOlll.HeCSI MaJIeHb-
KHMH nJIaCTHHaMI:I Ha nOBepXHOCTH MIIOKap)J.HaJIbHbIX BOJIOKOH.
JIerOqHaSI apTepHSI OTJIHqaeTCSI 60JIblllHM KOJIHqeCTBOM naparaH-
fJIHOHapHOH TKaHH, BKJIlOtIeHHOll B ee CTeHKY. TKaHb 3Ta qpe3BbI-
qaHHO 60raTO HHHepBHpOBaHa H cneumplIllecKH BaCKYJISIpH3HpOBaHa.
r JI a B a III
I1HHEPBALI.I151 MAfl1CTPAJlbHblX COCY.ll.OB
K rpynne ManlCTpaJIbHbIX COCY.D:OB OTHeceHbI apTepHH, OTXO.D:SI-
He OT .D:ym aopTbI, rpy.D:HaSl H 6plOiliHaSl aopTa, Bce BeTBH 3THX CO-
cy.D:OB, HanpaBJISlIO HeCSI K opraHaM, Bce apTepHH opraHOB .D:O MO-
MeHTa nepeXO.D:a HX B apTepHOJIbI H Bce nOBTopSlIO He B 06paTHOM Ha-
npaBJIeHHH HX nYTb BeH03Hbie COCYJl.bI .D:O npHCep.D:e4HblX llaCTeH no-
JIbIX BeH. B 3TY )J{e rpynny OTHeceHbI H BeTBH JIer04HOii apTepHH .D:O
MeCTa nepexo.D:a HX B apTepHOJIbl JIerKOrO Hero Bell03HbIe cocYJl.bl
.D:O CJIHSlHHSI HX B JIer04HYlO BeHY.
HeCMOTpSl Ha 0611IHpHOCTb H BHelliHlO1O neCTpOTY COCY.D:OB :noll
rpynnbI, 06'be.D:HHeHHe HX HMeHHO B O.D:HY rpynny MamCTpaJIbHbIX
COCY.D:OB Ka)J{eTCH HaM 3aKOHOMepHbIM, nOTOMY 4TO BceM HM npllcy a
O.D:Ha OCHOBHaSl YHKlI.HSI - pacnpe.D:eJIeHHe KpOBH no opraHH3MY,
c06HpaHHe ee 01' opraHOB H nepeHOC ee B npHCep.D:e4Hble 4aCTH BeH03-
HOll CHCTeJ\1bI.
B CBSl3H C 3THM COCYJl.bI 3TOH rpynnbI lfMelOT MHoro 06W.HX 4epT
CTpoeHlISI l(aK B CBoeM apTepHaJIbHOM, TaK H B BeH03HOM 3BeHbSlX.
B 4aCTHOCTH, apTepHH 3TOii rpynnbl npHHa.D:JIe)J{aT K TaK Ha3bIsaeMblM
apTepHSlM MbIllIe4Horo THna, T. e. K TaKlIM, B KOTOpblX Ha nepBbIii nJIaH
H B CTPYKTypHOM, H B CPYHl(lI.HOHaJIbHOM OTHoweHHlI BblCTynalOT
MbIllIe4HbIe 3JIeMeHTbl CTeHKH. OpaB.D:a, 4HCTO MbIwe4Hbill THn CTpOP-
HHSI YCTaHaBJIHBaeTCSI He cpa3Y - npOKCHMaJIbilbIe 4aCTH 3TOH
rpynnbI apTepHH CO.D:ep)J{aT 60JIbWee lJJIl1 MeHbwee l<OJIH4eCTBO 3JIa-
CTH HO-l(OJIJIareHOnbIX nJIaCTl1H, KaK B .D:yre aopTbI, o.D:HaKO Be.D:yw.aH
pOJIb, 06ecne4HBalO aSl cjJYHl<UHOHaJIbHOe 3Ha4eHHe MarHCTpaJIbHbIX
COCY.D:OB B 06w.eM KPOBo06paw.eHl1H, npHHa.D.JIe)J{HT Bce )j(e Mblwe4HbIM
3JIeMeHTaM HX CTeHOK.
HeCMOTpSl Ha TO, 4TO MarHCTpaJIbHbIe COCY.D:bl HeO,'J:HOKpaTHO
CJIY)J{HJIH 06"heKTaMl1 Het'Jp0rI1CTOJIOr1l4eCKHX HCCJIe)WBaHHH H HR HX
npHMepe pelllaJIHCb MHome Ba)J{Hble BonpOCbl HepBHOH perYJISllI.HH
KPOB006paw.eHHH, aKTH4eCKlIe .D:aHHbIe 06 HX HHHepnam1H 04eHb
CKY.D:Hbl. K TOMY )J{e B 60JIbllIHHCTBe CBoeM OHH HMelOT 4HCTO onHca-
TeJIbHbIH xapaI<Tep H n03ToMY MaJ10 npHrO.D:Hbl.D.JISI 3aKJIl04eHHH
o npHHa.D.JIe)J{HocTH onHCbIBaeMbIX HepBHbIx npH60poB K TeM HJUi
llHblM OT.D:eJIaM HepBHoH CHCTeMbI.
78
Oc06eHHOH 6e.n:HOCTblO OTJIl1'lalQTCSI CBe.n:eHHSI 06 HHHepBaIJ,HH
rpYJ].HoH II 6plOlllHOH aopTbl. Hal160JIee CTapble H3 Hl1X KacalOTCSI Ha-
JIl1l1l1S1 IIHKancYJIl1pOBaHHblx oKoHlIaHIIH TlIna l!JaTep-nalll1Hl1eBbIX
TeJIeU B HapY)I{HblX CJIOSIX CTeHKl1, oc06eHHo B 6plOlllHOH aopTe
(Krause, 1876). O.n:HaKo B .n:aJIbHeiillleM BbISlCHl1JIOCb (A. B. PaXMa-
HOB, 1901), liTO 3TH OKOHlIaHIISI pacnOJIO)l{eHbl rJIaBHbIM 06pa30M
B OKOJIOCOCy.n:l1CTOH KJIerllaTKe II no CYllLeCTBY Henocpe.n:CTBeHHoro
OTHOllleHl1H K caMOH CTeHKe cocYlla He l1MelOT. nO.n:p06Hoe Om1caHl1e
.n:BYx HepBHblx ceTeH - B rJIy60KoM CJIoe tunica adventitia II B MbI-
lllellHoii 060JIOllKe -. l1MeeTC5I B pa60Tax YI. E. EropoB3 (1892 H
1893a, 6, B). .D.aHHble YI. E. EropoBa (1892 II 1893a, 6, B) no.n:TBCp)l{-
.n:aer fJIa3ep (1914a, b). K .n:ByM ceTSlM, onllcaHHblM YI. E. Eropo-
BbIM, OH npll6aBJIHeT TperblO. pacnoJIO)l{el!HYIO Ha rpaHlIue tunic2
adventitia l1 tunica media aopTbl. B 3TIIX )l{e pa60Tax fJIa3ep npl1-
BO.n:l1T CBe.'1.eHlISl 06 OKOHlIaHl1S1X B MbIlllellHoH 060JIOllKe aopTbl, Ber-
BHllLl1XC5I .n:peBoBl1.n:HO, HO HI1KaK l1X He KJIaCclIl!Jl1Ul1pyeT H He TpaK-
Tyer. B 1926 r. Bb!IllJIa 60JIblllaH pa60Ta H..D.. .D.oBrSlJIJIO (19266),
B KOTOpOH OH no.n:P06HO l1cCJIe.n:ycT I1CTOllHl1Kl1 l1HHepBaIJ,l1l1 Kay.n:aJIb-
HOH lIaCTl1 6pllllllHOH aopTbI 11 YCTaHaBJIl1BaeT, liTO OHa nOJIY4aeT
BeTBl1 OT Hl1)1{HerO 6pbl)l{eellHOro Y3JIa l1 OT aHaCTOM030B Me)l{.n:y HI1M
l1 nOrpaHl14HblM Cl1MnaTl1l1eCKl1M CTOJI60M, nplllleM BeTBl1 3TH BXO.n:SlT
B CTeHKY aopTbl B cerMeHTHOM nopSl.n:Ke. 0 TeJIaX <1JaTep-nallHHl1
B CTeHKe 6plOlllHOH aopTbl rOBopllT Ml1TcYl1 (Mitsui, 1929). HepBHbIe
BOJIOKHa l1 HepBHble OKOHlIaHl1S1, nOXO)l{l1e Ha TaKOBble )l{e Cl1HOKa-
pOTl1.n:HOH onJIaCTH, 06HapY)l{l1JI .D.. n. KJIaJ].l1eHKO (1948) B MeCTe
6l1l!JypKaulUl 6plOlllHOH aopTb\.
AopTY lIeJIOBeKa l1CCJIe.n:OBaJI 10. YI. CJIenKOB (1952a, 6). B rpy.n:-
Hoi'I l1 6plOlllHOH ee lIaCTH 10. YI. CJIenKOB 06HapY)I{l1JI HepBHoe cnJIe-
TeHl1e, pacnOJIO)l{eHHOe B HapY)I{HOH 060JIOllKe, l1 3.n:eCb )l{e .n:peBo-
Bl1J].Hble OKOHlIaHl1S1, oc06eHHo 0611JIbHble B MeCTax OTXO)l{J].eHl1S1 co-
Cy;tIlCTbIX BeTBeH. B Hap)')I{HOH )l{e 060JIOllKe aopTbI 10. YI. CJIenKoB
BIIJ].eJI II HepBHble KJIerKJI. Ha .n:aHHbJe 10. YI. CJIenKOBa CCbwaerCH
H. r. KOJIOCOB (1953).
3Tl1MH CBe.n:eHl1HMH no CYllLeCTBY l1 OrpaHl1l1eHO TO, liTO MO)l{HO
nOllepnHYTb l13 JIl1TepaTypbJ no HHHepBaIJ,l1l1 rpy.n:HOH l1 6plOlllHOH
aopTbl.
MbI 06CJIe.'1.0BaJIIi (1948, 1952) aopTY rpy.n:Hoii H OplOlllHOH 06JIaCTl1
no Bceii ee .n:.TIJlHe, HallllHaH OT HHcxo.n:51llLeii lIaCTl1 .n:yrn l1 .n:o pa3BeT-
BJIeHl1S1 ee Ha nOJ].B3.n:OlllHble apTepllll.
Kal{ l1 npll 113YlIeHHH 60JIbllll1X cocy.n:OB rpy.n:Hoi'1 nOJIOCTH, HCCJIe-
.n:OBaHlie conpOBmK;'I.a:lOcb 3Kcr:epHMeliToM: .n:JISI BbI5lCHeHHS1 xapaK-
Tepa, xo a H pacnpe,'(eJleHlHI '1)'BCTBlITeJIbHbIX npH60pOB y.n:aJISlJIHCb
pa3JIH4Hbie cnHHHoM03roBbie Y3JIbl (cpa3Y no HeCKOJIbKY) C O.n:HOH
H.TIJI C .n:nyx CTOpOH, .n:JI5I CY)I{.n:eHHSI 0 CHMnaTl1l1eCKOH HHHepBaIJ,l1H
3KCTHpnHpOBaJIHCb 3Be3.n:lIaTbIe Y3JIbi H Y3JIbI COJIHellHoro cnJIere-
Hl1H. KpoMe Toro, rpYllHaH H 6plOlllHa51 aopTa l13YlIaJIHCb npH nepe-
pe3Ke 6JIY)I{.n:alOllLl1X H lIpeBHblX HepBOB C O.n:HOH HJIH C J].BYX
CTOpOH.
79
HHCXO)I.51Ill.a51 'laCTb )I.ym aOpTbl, nO)I.o6Ho CaMOH )I.yre, CO)I.epmHT
B'tunica adventitia II B tunica media KpynHble CTBOJIbI, COCT051Ill.HC
H3 TOJICTbIX H Cpe)I.Hero KaJll16pa M51KOTHbIX II 60JIblllOrO KOJIH'leCTBa
TOHKHX 6e3M51KOTHbIX BOJIOKOH. PaBHbIM 06p830M, KaK H B car-1Oi!
l1yre, B HHcXo)I.51Ill.eH ee 'laCTH B CTeHK(' HMeIOTC51 6e3MbIllle'lHble
Y'laCTKIt, Xapal{Tep HHHepBalum KOTOpblX 'lpe3Bbl'laiiHO HanOMHHaeT
TaKoBoH me 8 )I.yre: Tal\: me KaK H TaM, 3)I.eCb TOJICTble M51KOTHbIe BO-
JIOKHa OKaH'lHBalOTC51 cpa3Y me nOCJIe nOTepH MfiKOTH rYCTblMH, 1\:0-
pOTKOBeTBIICTblMI1 KOMnaKTHblMH KYCTar-m (pIIC. 64). EOJIblllHHCTBO
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PHC. 64. HHCXO,/\HU\aH aopTa. oe3MblllIe1JllblH Y1JaCTOK B ee cpe,/\lIeii
060JlO1JKe C peuenTOpOIl! BaraJlbliOrO npOHCXO}!{,/\CIIIIH. .'\\HKpO!jJOTO
(06. lOX. OK. lOX).
3THX KYCTOB JJ.ereHepHpyer nOC.le y)I.aJIeHlIH 'lYBCTBIITeJIbHbIX Y3JIOB
6JIyml1alOIlI.lIX HepBoB. H y>/(I10, 011HaKO, nO 'lepKHYTb, 'lTO 'lHC.'I,)
6e3Mblllle'lHbIX Y'l8CTKOB, cHa6meHHblx TaKoro pOJJ.8 HepBHbI!l1I1 npIt-
60paMI1, 3Ha'lHTe:lbliO :\leHbllle, 'le:lt B l1yre, )I.8 H C8:11l1 3TIt np1l6opbl He
JJ.OCTHraIOT 3Ha'lIITe.lbliOro 06H.11151.
XapaKTep 3THX OKOH'laHHH, ItX npItH8,'{JIemHOCTb K TO.1CTbIM i\tSl-
KOTHbIM BO.'IOKH8M It oco6eHHO ItX JJ:ereHepau.I151 nOCJIe y,:{a,lef1It51
gang!. nodosum CBII: eTeJIbCTBYIOT 0 TOM, 'lTO OHIt 5lB.,15110TC51 peu.enTO-
pm.m, npHH8,'{,'Ie)l{aIll.IIMII 6JIY>K,18IOIll.IfM HepBaM.
Y me B HHCXO,'{51Ill.eii 'JaCTI1 JJ.ym aopTbI, 8 3aTe:ll II no Bceii ee
l1JIHHe o6HapY)l{lm810TC51 'lYBcTBHTeJIbHble npH60pbl COBce:\l ,'{pyroro
xapaKTep8. OHn p8CnOJIar8IOTC51 BO Bcex Tpex 060JIO'lK8X cocYJJ.a.
OJJ:HaKO B Ka)l{)I.Oli 113 HHX OHH 06JI8,'{810T cneUHCpH'leCKHMII 'IepT8MU,
n03BOJISlIOIll.It!\/[H OTJIHlJaTb 'lYBCTBHTeJIbHble npH60pbI tunica intima,
tunica media H tunica adventitia.
80
Bo BHYTpelllieif 060JIOLIKe no Bceii jJ.JIlllle rpYjJ.lIOM H 6plOIllHOH
aopTbl pacnOJlaraeTC51 06WllpHoe, paCnJlaCTaJlHoe B cy6:,}H;J.OTeJlHaJlb-
1lG:\1 C.l0e CnJleTeHUe CpaBIUlTe.'1bHO TOHKIfX Il cpe;J.Hero KaJlIl6pa MH-
KOTHblX BO.l0KOH, 3aKaWIHBalOllI,lIXC51 He06uJlbHbiMIl pa3BeTBJleHHHMIl
(puc. 65). 3TO cn.'1eTeHlle nOCTpoeHO 113 BOJlOKOH, npHHa J1e)f{aIIJ,HX
KJleTKaM CnIIIIlI0llI03rOBblX Y3J10B, II ,1ereHepHpyeT nocJle y;J.aJleHHH
3TIlX nOCJleJ{IlIIx.
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PIIC. 65. Aop1a. CnJleTellllc llYHcTBHTeJIbllblX 1I0.10KOH B cc III1YTpelilieH
060JIO ' IKe, THIlYllIeeCH no BceH ee ,/\JllIlie OT JJ.ym ,/\0 nOJJ.B3,/\OlllllbIX
apTepull. CIl.1CTCIII!C oopa30Bail0 OTpOCTKalll1l h.1eTOK CIlllUllOM03rOBbiX
Y3:IOIJ. (h,'J.e_1bllbIC BO.IOKlia CIlJleTellllH OKall'IlIBaIOTCH B BII,/\e lIe60JIb-
1lIliX KYCTlIKOB (06. GOX, OK. 4x PeiixepTa; plicoBa. bllbIH allnapaT
lIa ypoBHe CTOJIa; npll nelJaTiI YMellblllelio B 2 pa3a).
.\\blllle'lHa51 060JlO'lKa rpYjJ.HOII H 6plollllloii aopTbl oc06eHHo
oor3Ta 'lyBcTBIITeJlbHbIMH HepBHblMII OKOH4aIlIl5lMII. GHIf npHHaJ].-
.1e}!{aT T3K}!{e Cpel1H1IM H CpaBHlneJlbHO TOHKIf:\1 M5IKOTHblM BOJlOKHaM
II npe;J.cTaBJl51IOT c060if CnJIOWllbie nOJl 51 , MHoroKpaTHO nepeCJlaH-
BalOw.lfe !\Iblwe4HYlO 060JlO'lKY _ Ha pIlC. 66 npe;J.cTaB.leHa 'laCTb
O,J.HOro TaKoro nOJI51, pacnOJlO)f,E'HlIOrO B O;J.HOM C"loe MbIWe'lHOH
060JI0'l1\1I. BIll1HO, LITO OHO npC,J.LTaBJI5leT C060H pa3BeTBJleHHe MHO-
rIlX BOJIOKOH, 3aKaH'lIlBaI01lJ.IIXC51 paCnJlaCTaHHblMIf Ha MblWe'lHbiX
3ne:\leHTax nJIOCKUMH KYCTa:\lII KOHCllllblX BCTO'leK. UpIl IlCCJIe110Ba-
6 T...\. rpllropL"B
81
HIIII TaKIIX pa3Bers.aeHIIH OOlJapY}lWB3eTC5I, lITO OHII npe;J.C13B.1eHb:
06l1JIbHblM nepenJleTeHlleM 60JIee TOJlqblX II 60Jlee TOHKIIX lIepBHblX
BOJlOKOH (pIiC. 67), a C3MbIe KOHelJHble 113 HIIX B BIUte TOHIWX TepMII-
H3JIeH OK3HlUlB31OTCH B MbllllelIHOH TKaHII. 1-13 pllC. 68 nO.1\TXe HJ-
TlIlJeCKIi 1I306p3}1{eHO TaKoe peuemopHoe nOJIC'.
Ha cpe33x p33pe33HHoro B}tOJIb II p33BeplI)'Toro. cOcy;J.a, npo-
we,lJ.lllllX lIeCKOJlbKO KOCO, B11,lJ.1I0, lITO 3TII pacnpOCTp3HeHHbie peuen-
TopHble npll60pbl pacnOJIO}KeHbl B MbllllelJHOii CTeHKe no MHoro eJIOeB.
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PHC. 66. f"Y,/\lIaH aopTa. PeuenToplloe nOJle lIa MbIUle'llioit nJlaCTJllle.
MHKpO!pOTO (06. IU X, OK. 5 x).
3.IJ.ecb me HymHo oroBopllTb, lJTO CTellKa K3K rpYJ!.Hoii. TaK II 6plOlll-
HOM 30pTbI COCTOI1T 113 lJepe.n.YJOw.I1XCH I,OJIJlareH0I30-3.1aCTl1'leCKII)'
nJI3CTliH II MblWelJHblX npoc.l0eh le}l{;J.Y HII:\III, TOJIbKO KO.l';WreHOBO-
3JIaCTlIlJeCKlle nJI3CTIIHbl TOIILllle, IleM B .IJ.yre, II OTIJOCIITeJIbHOe KOJlJI-
lJecTBO 3J1aCTlIlJeCKIIX 3JIe le1lT0I3 B HIIX MeHblile. l\\bIlilelIIlble K.leTKII
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PHC. 74. Cpe,/\lIe-rpY,/\HaH aopTa. napaJIJIeJIbllbIii nOBepXIIOCTH
pa3BepllYToro cocY.I\a cpe3. PeuenTOp, pacnOJIaralOUlHikH CBOHMII
BeTBHMH B YlJaCTKaX, r.lle MblIllelJllble I<JleTKIl npHKpenJIHIOTCH K
3JIaCTHIi0-KOJlJlareIlODbIM nJlaCTHHaM (pIICODa.'1bHbIH annapaT lIa
ypOBlie CTOJIa; 06. 45 X, OK. lOX; Y tellbIl1eIlO npH nClJaTIl B
2 p,l3a).
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a b
PHC. 75 (a, 6). Cpe,/\lIe-rp},J.I1aH aopTa. PeuenTopbI Ha KOJ1.1are-
1I0BbIX 3J1e leIlTax cpe,ll1eii 060.10 1 IKIl. l\\IIKpo<tJOTO (06. 45 )<,
OK. 10 X).
'90
:, f . . .. . J II : . . . . <t.'.... :'-'\"-' . :"\"1..' . '". ' . . ' "1[- ......,.--r- . ,",
'f- i .-'t.; . .'ti: '\., '\ t! . ".;r. , ..;. 1
; i; J . : " ':; s: ,' 1 \ \ "i' ;') ",, -t.'.
. ,;t ,.,' - f -«' If.. ' 'f'" ""'\ . T'i . ;
t .. ., (; . ,! . . .:. 't!, \. .\ r:\ 'rit.,.'_"<c . ! ..: -:. :'
It \".''''< ,t ..}.t" ,; "' ' :'.f:',;:",,:."
". ....:' -A' 'i':" ' 1 - , ' . ". '.' '" -i'" '. . '.-
?' .. '.'{' ...,. . ¥ ,..... 'c. ...... .r-t'> ,.'.">
l' ,'! , '. ' \ 't .,... ". '-","" " . 4t... 4J .-""
.. " "_ 1 .. \t,.... . !to " _ ,'I- >', '( I.," If ,:'f':'..8.
. ." .\\ ;-'" \,W '). - . l' ", L . '.,' ::x " .f.,' ..
: . ;1, .,';" 1 ' . " :' f ....., ....'.4'. '.J .-: fi?<.' .' ,I"
. ..; i .. . ' r ' , . )..,,," ,_ -,' . 11II... ,.
.,; .. 1 " 'i'" - t'" . ; } . .
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PHC. 76. Cpe,/\lIe-rpY,/\lIaH aopTa. HapY}!{lIaH 1JaCTb cpe,/\lIen
060JI01JKH. be3MbIIlle1JllbIe Y1JaCTKH B lien, oGpa30BalilibIe Blle-
llPHlOllJenCH lIapY}!{lIoi'l 060JlO1JKOH. MHKpO!jJOTO (06. 10 X,
OK. 7 x).
-' 1 - ,:".- .. : - - '.d
..... - '. - - ,.... \.:'!OIIo '.
: . ..............' ""
,c" ", 'c';.:, ".: ' .....,. ' ,. .".. _ , '" ..,;;; .
.'. ::--".."'.". 'Y. 'j;.,_. . ..- '-
". -.'; . . .. . .' ....., ',,<!">; "',
_ ....' :..,, .. ,.; -- ":I.... f
''If. :' , ::: , :-
"" '1'\0. - '" ......:. ". ,/',::0;.
,,'" .,.... .. "'r '.....-. "'" -"'"
,- « ..... "'" .. . ''f...._
...... .,;' - - .. ""-.......-::;." { ,. -"
'iIIIr" "":I" ... .... '" . ", .. .. lit. \
.- \. .:. <-
.... ,..-.. ... -'I!J':".':....'.. .'
...... .., ;' .
'!" """ '\. .:
"',.., - - ". ;', ...,. ,.'
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L .......' -- _ ....: :l ':.:.j:
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PIfC. 77. Cpelllle-rpY,/\lIaH aopTa. HapY}!{lIaH lJaCTb CpeJllleH
060.10lJKII. Pell.enTOp B 6e3MbiInelJIIOM YlJaCTKe (06. 45 X, 01<. 7 x).
91
(pl1C. O), a 3aTel\I B JlaLJIIHaIO eiic51 II pa3BIIBalO eik51 l1X cpparMeH-
Tam III (pl1c. 81). B TaKllX norH6alO lIx OI\OIl'laHII5IX, eCJIII OHI1 co-
):{ep:>KaT BcnOMoraTeJIbHble I\JIeTlm, 3TII nOCJIe} Hlle oc06eHHo ;...opowo
BI1;:I.HbI.
I3plOwHa51 aopTa 06JIa,'J.aeT 60JIee TOHKOH, LJeM rpY;I.Ha5l, CTeHI\Oii.
O):{HaKO 06W.I1H nJIaH CTpOeHH5I Y HIIX O):{IIHaKOB: TaK :>Ke cpe,'J.H5I5I
060JIOlJKa npe,'J.CTaBJI5IeT nepeCJIOeHlle hOJIJIareHOBO-3JIaCTlILJeCKIIX
11 MblWeLJHbIX nJIaCTlIH (pIlC. 82), TaK :>Ke MblllJelJHbIe KJIeTKIl B MbI-
llJeLJHbIX nJIaCTI1HaX 06'he):{lllleHbI B rpynnbl, OCI1 KOTOpbIX pacnoJIa-
ralOTC5I B pa3Hbix HanpaB.,'JeHIf5lX (pl1c. 83).
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PHC. 78. HmKlle-rpY,/\HaH aopTa. HapY)j{lIaH 06oJIo'lKa. HepB-
IIble CTBOJIbI H OKOllll3I1HH 'IYBCTBHTeJIbllblX BOJIOKOII B lIei'!.
MHKpoq>oTO (06. 10 X, OK. 7 x).
Bo BHYTpeHHeH 060JIOLJKe, B Cy63H;I.OTeJIlHI JIe}!mT TaKoe .iKe, KaK
B ;I.yre 11 B rpY):{HOH aopTe, CnJIeTeHl1e TOHKIIX M5IKOTHbIX lJYBCTBII-
TeJIbHblX BOJIOKOH, 06pa3YIOw.I1X ):{OBOJIbHO npOCTble OKOHLJaHH5I
(pl1c. 65).
Hml60JIee 06l1JIbHO cHa6:>KeHR pellenTOpaMI1 cpe):{H5I5I 060.10LJKa,
O):{HaKO 60JIee CKY):{HO, LJeM B rpY):{HOH aopTe.
HepBHble CTBOJIHKI1 11 OT; eJIbllble M5IKOTHble BOJIOKHa BXO.151T B !-iee
co CTOpOHbl tunica adventitia, IIHOr;I.a BMeCTe C cocY,'J.aMIf, nllTa)()-
lI IfMI1 CTeHKY. Heo6xo;I.HMOCTb npOHHKaTb lJepe3 KOJI.'JareHOBO-3JIa-
CTl1 l leCKl1e nJIaCTHHbI OTpa}KaeTC5I Ha xO,'J.e 3TI1X BOJIOKOH H CTBOJIIf-
KOB, KOTOpblii LJaCTO HOCI1T YCTyno06pa3HblH xapaJ\.Tep (pIlC. 84).
B MblWeLJHbIX nJIaCTllHaX 3TH CTBOJIIIKI1 pacna):{aIOTC5I Ha OT):{eJIb-
Hble BOJIOKHa, a 3TI1 nOCJIC):{Hlie - Ha OKOHLJaHII5I. BHewHlIli BI1,1
paCnJIaCTaHHbIx Ha MbIWeLJHOM CJIoe KYCTOB, 6JIaro,'J.ap51 MeHbllJeMY
92
no cpaBHeHlIlO C rpY lloi'1 aoproi'l Ko.alJlleCTBY BeTBclI, BblcTynaeT
oc06eHHo OTlleT.1HBO, paBHbll\1 06pa30M KaK H 60JIbWaH pacnpOCTpa-
HeHHOCTb lIX no n.10CKOCTH Ka>K oii 'vlbIlIle"IHoii npOCJIoi'lKu
i- 2t '
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PIIC. 79. HU)!{lfe-rpYJl.HaH aopTa. D:ereliepauilH OKOlIlJallllH B
peu.enTopllblX flOJIHX B ee cpe,/\lIeH 060JIOlJKe. YJl.aJlellile D -D9
cnillillOM03rOBbiX Y3JIOB C 06eux CTOpOIi. .ll.ereliepau.ilH 48 '1aCOB
(05. 20 X, OK. . .4 PeHxepTa; pilCOBaJl bllbIH annapaT lIa ypoBlie
CTOJIa; npll nelJaTIi YMelibwelio B 4 pa3a).
(pliC. 85, 86). KOHueBbie BeTBII 3TlIX KYCTOB npUXO;J:HT B TeCHoe co.
npHKOCHOBeHlle C Mblwe"IHbJ:\lII KJIeTK3;\IlI, nplJlleM 11,111 Henocpe.'{-
CTBeHHO, IIJlII nlJlI nOMOlll.H CneUllaJlbllblX BcnOMOraTCJlbHblX KJIeTOK.
93
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PHC. 80. HmKlle-rpY'/\lIaH aopTa. .lI.ereHepaIlHH '1YBcTBHTeJIbllblX
lIepBllblx npH60poB cpe,/\lIei'l 060JIO'lKH nOCJIe YJlaJIellHH Dc-Dg
cnHllllOM03fOBbIX 'IYBCTBHTeJIbllblX Y3J10B C oOeHx CTOpOIi. .lI.ere-
lIepaUHH 48 'IaCOB. MHKpo<l>OTO (00. 45 X. OK. 7 X).
....
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.,
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)
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.,
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,
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PHe. 81. HH}J{lIe-rpYllIl2H aopTa. J1creliepaUHH 'IYBcTBIITeJIblibIX
npHuopoB 1\ ee cpe,/\lIeii 060J10t1Ke 'IepC3 48 'IaCOB nOCJIe y,/\a.TJe-
IIIIH D,-Dg cmIIIllOM03rOBbIX 'IYBCTBIITCJ1bllbIX Y3J10B. MHKpOq,OTC
(06. 45 X, OK. 7 X).
94
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PIiC. 82. 5plOIllllaH aopTa. CTpoeliHe ee cpe,/\lIeH 060JIO'lKIi.
3JIaCTIiIi0-KOJlJIareIiOBbIe nJlaCTHlibi Ii pacnOJIO>KelilibIe lIa IIIIX
IIIbIIllUbl. MHKpoq>oTo (06. 10 X, OK. 10 X).
:- -'
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, '\ ."".;;;:-.:t:!. .-'-
. \, I . - ", ; -<. ";;':'
.If _,,_ "' ''''f _ ,;;: _'"';...
''''.';. ... .... ..('n.. . . ''':-
..... ... 'Y.
)..,., :.. ,. , . .'. ._''!''", ..
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PIlL 83. 5plOIllllaH aopTa. napaJIJIeJIbllblH 1I0BepxllocTH
pa3BepllYToro cocYlla cpe3. HanpaBJlellHH MblIlle'lllblX nY'IKOB B
ibIWe'lIlOii nJlaCTIIlle. MHKpOq,OTO (06. 10 X, OK. 10 x).
9:>:
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PHC. 84. EpIOWH<lH aopTa. !CTynoo6pa3I1bIH XO.l\ lIepBlioro
CTIJOJlHKa Bee Cpe.l\/ICH 060JI01JJ(c. Mil KpOrjJOTO (06.45 ;<, OK. lOx).
.. l
II!:" _tf ,. . i ... ,>,,,t\,t
' ,.-- }t"--- .. . . '\ . .
-- - t II \i ..... -
!;J. '.) -,l..' '-I" :' :",:. .J7-
, ,:! . ,J. l ' , -::'" t .
_ . ,.."It "' 41. "'r"Ji .
l';'Jc - 'i':f i
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. ....... . -_..t""' . " .
. ' "1", ' -f...."..,-
--,""" t" - 1 , .
.,J't ...., .- .j -;f!i " . ...
' J - '" - "+ --' :,j{{t,? -, .<.
. . '" ""p--' .. -. ;:;".',.,;j<
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PHC. 85. EpIOwliaH aopTa. Cn. eTC/lIIH lIYIJCTBHTe.1bllbIX lIepB-
IIbIX BOJIOKOII B ee Cpe.l\lIell 060.101JKe. MIIKpOCPOTO (06. 10 X.
OK. 10 X).
'96
PeuenTopllble npIl60pbl, CBfl3aHIlble C KOJIJIareHOBblMH nY4KaMH
KO.1JIareHOBO-3JIaCTlI4eCKIIX n.laCTHH, no cpaBHeHlIIO C rpYJl.HOH
aopTot'I 04eHb MOu.r.lIbl H npeJl.CTaBJIeHbl 06WHpHblMH annapaTaMI1, TaK
I1.111 I1Ha4e CBfl3aHHblMII C 3TI1MI1 nY4Kal\U1 (pl1c. 87).
Ee3Mblwe4Hbie nJIou.r.aJl.KI1 B HapY>KHOM CJIoe CpeJl.HeH 060JI04KI1,
06pa30BaHHble BHeJl.pfllou.r.H:\HlCH CloJl.a Y4acTKaMII COeJl.I1HHTeJIbHOH
TKaHI1 HapY>KHOii 060JI04KI1, BblpmKeHbl pe34e, tleM B rpYJl.HOH
aopTe, - Ollll 60JIbWe no pa3MepaM. PaBHblM 06pa30M 11 HepBHble
npl160pbl npeJl.CTaBJIeHbl B HIIX 0611JIbHee (puc. 88).
HapY>KHafi 060JIOllKa 6plOWHOlI aopTbl, KaI( H rpYJl.HOH, HBJIHeTCH
npocToii CoeJl.I1HHTeJIbHOH TKaHblO, coJl.ep>Kau.r.eH HepBHble CTBOJIHKI1
MHKOTHblX 11 6e3MflKoTHblX BOJIOKOH, 60JIbWaH 4aCTb KOTOpblX Ha-
npaBJIHeTCH B tunica media, rJl.e 11 paCnaJl.aeTCH Ha KOHueBble npl1-
60pbl. OTJl.eJIbHble MHKOTHble BOJIOKHa 3aKaH41IBalOTCH B caMOH tunica
adventitia Jl.OBOJILHO npOCTblMI1 pa3BeTBJIeHHHMI1 peuenTopHoro
xapaKTepa.
B OT:II1l1He OT rpYJl.HOH B HapY>KHOH 060JI04Ke 6plOWHOH aopTbI
4alIJ.e BCTpe4aloTcH CKOnJIeHHH raHrJIH03HblX KJIeTOK 11 Y4aCTKI1 xpo-
Ma4> mIHoH 11 HexpoMacpqJHHHOH naparaHrJIlJOHapHoH TKaHI1.
3KcnepHMeHTaJIbHblH aHaJII13 n03BOJIIIJI BblHCHIITb npHpoJl.Y 11
npOlICXO}[{Jl.eHHe Bcex BblweomlcamlblX HepBHblX npl160pOB 6p1OW-
Hoii aopTbl. Bce OHH flBJIHIOTCH OKOHlIaHHHMH OTpOCTKOB HepBHblX
KJIeTOK, JIe>KalIJ.I1X B cmlHHOM03rOBbiX Y3JIaX, T. e. npeJl.c:aBJIHIOT
COUOII peuemopbl.
npH YJl.aJIeIUJH Tex IlJII1 I1HblX Cm1HHOM03rOBbIX Y3JIOB 60JIbWaH
IIJ1H MeHbwaH lIaCTb 3TIIX peuenTopoB II npIlHaJlJIe>KalIJ.l1x IIM HepB-
HblX BOJIOKOH rH6lIeT.
y JlaJIeHHe pa3JIH4HblX cnHHHOM03rOBbiX Y3JIOB C OJl.HOH IIJIH JlBYX
CTOpOH H conOCTaBJIeHHe Ha6JI1oJlaeMblX npH 3TOM nepepO>KJleJ-IHH
peuenTopoB CJ(eJIaJIH B03MO>KHblM BbIBeCTlI pHJl 3aKJIl04eHIIii OTHOCH-
TeJlbHO 4YBcTBHTeJIbHOH HIIHepBaU11H 6plOWHOH aopTbl. Bo-ncpBblx,
BbIHCHI1JIOCb, 4TO HecerMeHTapHocTb pacnpeJleJIeHI1H 4YBcTBHTeJIb-
HblX BOJIOKOH II IIX OKOH4aHIIll B 6plOWHOil aopTe Bblpa>KeHa eu.r.e
60JIbWe, lIeM B rpYJlHoH, HanpHMep, YJl.aJIeHl1e IX-XII rpYJlHblX
cnIlHHmt03roBblX Y3JIOB Bbl3bIBaeT JlereHepauHIO 4aCTH peuenTopoB
BO Bceil 6plOWHOii aopTe. BO-BTOPbIX, nepeKpblTHe peuenTopHblX no-
JIeii KaK no JlJIHHHI1KY, TaK H nonepe4HIIKY cocYJla, KaK H B rpYJlHOH
aopTe, Bblpa>KeHO H B 6PIOWHOH.
Ha pIlC. 89 npeJl.craBJIeIla lIaCTb 60JIbWOrO JlereHepHpYIOu.r.ero
peuemopa cpeJl.Heii 060JI04KH 6plOWHOii aopTbl nOCJIe YJlaJIeHHH
IX-X II rpy.1HblX cmIHHOM03rOBblX Y3JIOB C JlBYX CTOpOH.
npIl :l.ereIlepaUIlIl peuenTopOB, cHa6}[(eHHbIX BcnOMoraTe..lbHblMH
KJIeTKa:\lII, Te peTl1KYJIflpHble nJIaCTHHKII, 6JIHWKH II neTeJIbKI1, KO-
TOpbJ\t11 06bl l IIIO 3aKaIl l llmalOTCH Ha 3TIIX KJIeTKaX TepMHHaJII1 pe-
uerlTOp08, pe31\O orp, y6JIfIIOTCH I1a6yx310T II ,rteJ1310TC51 oc06eHHo
apreHTO IIJIbHbl:\1H (pIlC. 90). B J(aJIbHeiiweM npOIlCXOJlIlT cpparMeH-
TapHbllI paCn3J1. HCpE3HbIX I\OMnOIleIlrOB peucnTopoB, fljl.pa )Ke Bcno-
MOraTeJlbHblX KJleTOK eu.r.e JlOJIro MOfIUiO ml,'l.eTb Ha MeCTe peuenTopoB.
7 T. A. rpllropLCBa 97
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PHC. 86. nOHCIIH'IliaH aopTa. CnJleTellHH 'IYBCTBHTeJlblibIX lIepB-
IIblX BOJIOKOII B ee cpelllleH 060JIO'lKe. MHKpocpoTo (06. 10 X,
OK. 10 X).
.'
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! .J.. , j, ... :- "2: , , '; " ' , . . (" _ ;':" , , ........ - . ' , _. , ' .. " _ " f "k ... ' , < ,, 1 1 , 1 1
,. ' 1!':....:.J......:-: .:" ,....:: ',', "
.. L :' _ ' ., '," ' ' 111 , " 'f
" . 1. . . _. :.. . . "'-p--.
Ifi -.!Ifi....-..:, _ _ . ...... __: _ .
r,' ',.'- ,../'i' I
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t '1"'<f'. .). -.... _ " _,i,,,' ""P I
_.- .... --... .....-. .
---'"'-' t*...... .. '-
- J"" r Of'
"....;."
, .'-
.. .,........
TF
-'iw
.,f.4t '
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-1
,
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.
J
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"
PIiC. 87. nOHCIIH'IliaH aopTa. 06UHIpllblH peuenTopllblH annapaT,
CBH3allllbIH C 9JIaCTHIi0-KOJlJIareHOBbIMH nJIaCTHliaMH. MHKpOCPOTO
(06. 10 X, OK. 10 X).
98
,.
--- :- ....,-;:.... -;;"r: .-.-.....
.:;,&.. .
. .a. ..16#-6 '\:.
l -....""-.
...'- &. .-
..,,- .....' l.::1t ',;
: tI · '''1(.'' " ,,"\i-
, .... .
,
...
,1
"
:. It T'
,
. !-./
'4
...
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. .
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.. f .4'
. :, . '.... f
.... ..... ,
,: .' ..
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.
"
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.
..; '.!
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t -'...
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, ,..'
""
11...
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.: ' '. ..," \ j
1 "'.. t #.4
\:;' ,
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".. .
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: ......),.;.' .
-.. " .1
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PHC. 88. flOHCIIH1JllaH aopTa. HapymllaH 1JaCTb ee cpe,/\lIeii
OOOJI01JKH. DOJIbllllle oe3Mblllle1Jllble Y1JaCTKH, oopa30Balilibie
BHe,/\pHBllIeiicH clO,/\a coe,/\HIIHTeJIbllOTKalilloii lIapymlloH OOOJI01J-
Koii. MIIKpOIjJOTO (00. lOx, OK. lOx).
', '\
.
.
.
"
.
-
.'\... .
"'
t.
'I
.
PHC. 89. flOHCIIH11llaH aopTa. .lI.ereliepallllH pellenTopa B ee
Cpe.D.lleH OOOJI01JKe 1Jepe3 75 1JaCOB nOCJIe y,/\aJIellHH
D,-DII cnHIIIIOM03rOBbiX 1JYBcTBHTeJIbllbiX Y3JIOB C ooeHx
CTOpOH. MHKpOIjJOTO (00. 45x, OK. lOx).
7*
99
l1Hor,Aa OIUI OKpY)KeHbl MeJ1lUiMH apreHTO pHJlbHbIMH 3epHbIWKaMlI,
KOTOpbIe Ka}!{YTC5I paCnOJlmKeHHblMn B KJIeTKaX.
YYBCTBIITeJlbHbLVm OKOHllaHH5IMII 06IIJIbHO cHa6)KeHbI H Bce OT-
XO,AHIlI,He OT aopTbI 60JlbWne apTepnli.
06CJIe,AOBaHHe B Tex )Ke, KaK H B OTHOWCHHH aopTbl, YCJIOBH5IX
3KcnepHMeHTa a. anonyma, a. subclavia II a. carotis communis no-
Ka3aJIO, qTO OCHOBHoe KOJlli'IeCTBO peILenTopHbIX npH6opoB pacno-
JIOmeHO B cpe,AHeii: 060JIOlJKe 3THX COCY,AOB, qTO 3TH pencnTopHbIe
npH60pbI nOCTpoeHbI ,AOBOJlbHO O,AHHaKOBO H OqeHb HanOMIIHaJOT
TaKOBbIe me, 06HapY)KHBaeMbIe B tunica media aopTbl.
""?:,
'..
:' :,:'::.'
II
f
.'#?
'.,
i-_:
..,
1
. ";"'c-
.' .....- ...:. . .<'
. ;;!. ..... ....
"
.
-.
:
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.
T
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... >I:
. ,
,
;.
,
. -
C'.."
PHC. 90. [loHClIlIlJllaH aopTa. .lI.ercnepaUlIH pel.\enTopa.
Ha6yxaliHe II pe3KaH aprellTOIjJHJIHH KOIIl.\eBOii peTHKYJlHP-
HOH nJIaCTHIiKH OKOJlO BcnOMOraTeJIbli011 KJIeTKH. ',/\aJIe.
BHe cnHIIIIOM03rOBbiX lJYBCTBHTeJIbllblX Y3J10B D9 D12'
,/\ereliepal.\HH 48 lJaCOB. fv\uKpOlpOTO (06. 100 x , HMM.,
OK. 7x).
06bIqHO 3TO nJlOCKHe, paCnJlaCTaHHbIe Ha MbIllieqHbIX 3J1eMeH-
Tax 06WHpHble KYCTbI, ,AOBOJIbHO MHOrOqHCJleHHble Ha e,AHHHlLe no-
BepXHOCTH cpe3a (pHC. 91). I1x KOHLleBbIe BeTOqKH TaK me, KaK H
B aopTc, BHe,ApHJOTcH B caMYlo TOJIIlI,Y MblWeqHbIX 3J1eMeHTOB, r,Ae H
OKaHqIIBaJOTC5I IIJIH CBo6o,'I.HO, HJlH OKOJIO BcnO:\10raTeJIbHbIX KJleTOK.
B nOCJIC,'I.He l cJIyqae OHH o6pa3YJOT YTOJI llI,eHII 51 , pen!:KYJl5IpHble
6JI5IWKH HJlH nyroBKH.
Ha,n:o CKa3aTb, qTO H B CTeHKax 6e3bIM5IHHOH. nOLlKJIJOqHqHOH
H 061l1,CH COHHOH apTepnH MblwelIHbIe 3J1eMeHTbI cpeLlHeii: 060JlOqKH
o6pa3YJOT KOHLlenTpHqeCKHe nJlaCTHHbl, OTLleJIeHHbIe ..'Lpyr OT ,Apyra
KOJIJlareHOBO-3J1aCTlIlJeCKHMH, TaK)Ke I<OHLleIlTpHqeCKHMH, nJIaCTH-
HaMn. Ha cpe3ax, napaJlJleJlbHblX nOBepxHocTH pa3pe3aHHoro B,AOJlb
H pa3BepHyroro cocy,n:a. 06blqHO xopowo I3H,AHbl 11 MbIwellHble, H KOJI-
JlareHOBO-3JIaCTWleCKHe CJlOl! Ii !IX pelJ.enTOpHbJ( npH6opbI.
ioo
BblllleYIIOMHHyrble '-IY13CT13IITeJlbHble OKOJIllaHlHI 13 1311,Ae 06nmp-
HbIX KYCT013 paCIIOJlarmOTC5J lIa Ka)KJJ:oii Mblllle'-lHOll nJlaCTlme. KpoMe
Hl1X, 06HapYfKlmaIOTC51 l1 pelleIITOpbI, CB5J3aHHble C KOJlJlareH013b1MH
nY'-IKaMH KOJlJlareH0130-3J1aCTll'leCKHX nJlaCTlIII. OHI1 nOCTpOeHbI TaK
fKe, KaK B aOpTe.
PelleIITOpHLle npllOOpbl H3Y'-IaeMbIX COCY,'I,013 npllHaMefKaT MH-
KOTHbIM 130JlOl<Ha!\'! cpcJ\lIero KaJIII6pa, 6erYIllllM HJlII O,TUI, HOlIHO I1J1H
He60JlbllIHMl1 CT130JlIlKaMl1 3,AeCb )Ke 13 tunica media. B nOCJle,AHeM
CJIYlJae CT130JIIIl II, IIpc)J\,Ae lJel\l oGpa3013aTb OKOJIlIaHII51, paCna,AaIOTcH
..
.....'"
J
.,
t ..f<
. .r _ t
j" ;. . } ( ' . tr 4
:'!fli' ..:
.\_" '..' 'ill" 'j.
t:'.it \.'
4 "to \. o!"
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A '"' '41,
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f;
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-it
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PIIC. 91. Ee3b1MHllllaH apTCpHH. 4YBcTBHTeJIblibie OKOIl1JaIlIlH
B ee cpe,/\Heii 06o.10lJKe. MIIKpO<POTO (06. lOx, OK. lOx).
Ha ,A0130JlbHO rYCToe CIIJleTeHlIe oT,AeJlbllbIX 130JIOKOH, norpY)KeHHblX B
TOJIllI.Y MbIllIelIIloii nJlaCTlIHbI (pHC. 92).
CTBOJlHKII l1 OTJJ.eJlbHble, HaXO,A51lll.I1eCH 13 tunica media MHKOT-
Hble BOJlOKHa B C13OIO O'-lepeJJ.b npOlICXO)l.51T OT 60Jlee KpynHblx HepB-
HbIX CTBOJl013, paCnOJlOfKeHHblx 13 HapYfI\Hoii 060JlO'-lKe. 3TH nocJle)l.-
HIIe COJJ.ep)KaT 06bI'-IHO II TOHKHe 6e3MSIKoTHble 130JIOKHa.
LlereHepaiJ.H5J M51KOTHbIX 130JlOKOH II I1X OKOH'-Iamdi 13 a. anonyma,
a. subclavia II a. carotis communis Ha6JIIOJJ.aJlaCb IIPH YJJ.aJleHIIII 13epx-
He-rpYLlHbIX cnIlHHOM03r013b1X Y3J1013 II '-IY13cT13IITeJlbHbIX Y3JIOB 6JIYfI\-
JJ.aIOllI.erO Hep13a. HecerMeHTapHoCTb '-IY13cTBIITeJlbHOH IIHHepBaLUUI
B 3THX cocYJJ.ax oc06eHHo Bblpafl\eHa.
fIpll IIonbITKe Cpa13HI1Tb HaOJllo,'!aeMble '-IY13CTBIITeJlbHble OKOH-
'IaHIIH C onHCbIBaeMbIMI1 13 mnepaType 06HapYfKl1J10Cb, 'ITO CBeJJ.eHHH
06 HHHepBau1I1i Kpymlblx apTepUaJILHbIX BeTBeH aOpTaJIbHOH JJ.ym
101
noqTH OTCYTCTBYIOT. TOJIbKO DOHap (Bonard, 1948a, b), A. B. BOT!
pHH (1950, 1952) H JIere (Legait, 1945a, b) rOBopHT 0 HaJIH'IHH KOH-
LleBblX HepBHblx npH60poB B 3T!1X cocyJ{ax. DOHap ynoMHHaeT 06
OKOH'IaHH5IX B BHJ(e MeTeJIOK H KYCTOB B cpeJ{HeH H HapY}KHOH 060-
JIO'lKe 061l1,eH COHHOH apTepHH. A. B. BOTpHH npH6aBJIHeT K 3THM
CBeJ{eHHHM onHcaHHe 06UIHpHblX J{peBoBHJ{lIbIX pa3BeTBJIeHHH B MeCTe
J(eJIeHHH H B CTeHKe HapY}KHOH COHHOH apTepllH. DoraTOe HepBHoe
conpOBO}KJ(eHHe BHYTpeHHeH COHHOH apTepHH B nOJIOCTH 'Iepena
.... 'A.... . . _ """.=:;'P#I< '?'---<"',...,;.J
: _ . . .. -- . . .... ' . " . - _ :_ . . :_ _ . . ,- ... . . ; . _ . ._ - ;; st,l. ?;: :;
.:;. . -..,. g;":.,:" . "": ,'. . . :'; . "":;jf
'. . "",","--: .;! . . 1.t
., _. . - $." ' --l : .5i"M:
. ,x -,:: i:"'. : ; > :.:\ . :. :} :.. ,;c.;
' ':' . - ---.4" ;;t,;__!'".. ......... -"I".
.:f - ""f'-"C -..... ...., '\';" ': 1
.. -. . y -- . 7.1' J .. I
,.M . "'- 7 . -- .. 'f
. . ...-' -
.. > ..... -', - ",'-
f' -. ......... .... .... <IE', .. . " (" _"..
I' :. ':. _ ... ;''t. --:- '.... -;..... . :...:;, ' ..... ...
_:. .... ,,"" . , -...'::Jii . --
- &#.' J ' ...-
!' ---r;;,. . '!. . !Y - \ -, '.".' ..,.
- ,."......". ..... ........ '" :;, I
' .. ',:. : ' r_ io.: .. 'L" <;>', .;; of" . 1 .J.f ' k "" .4
..".Ji,. t ".....,. '., . . ._ ..." - - ... . r::: <>- · If!'
" .. ._" . ..c-. . .' .' ..,r......... ' . 1#
"<l1j..h''' A,;.. __' ;--" .. -' " _ "
:'. ---'.r _..4.... -, '" <. , '. .J;. ::: ,.-:...y ....:1: .> .--r<t '........ ..
: ,t,
"...-. " 'i
:-'.:.;.... ' -
l ... ;::.: . --.
PHC. 92. De3blMHHllaH apTepHH. CnJleTeliHe 1JYBcTBHTeJIbllbIX
lIepBlibIx BOJlOKOIi B ee cpe,/\lIeH 060JlO1JKe. MHKpOIjJOTO (06. 10 x,
OK. lOx).
H KOHLleBbIe npH60pbI T1ma 'IYBcTBHTeJlbHbIX II J{BHraTeJIbHbIX OKOH-
'IaHHH onHCbIBaeT JIere. JIYHa (Luna, 1939) npOH3BeJI rpaqm'lecKYIO
peKoHCTpYKLlHlO CepnaJIbllbIX cpe30B 06JIaCTli nelll,epHCTOro cHHyca
'IeJIOBeKa n 06HapY}KHJI npH 3TOM, 'ITO CTeHKa BHYTpeHHeH COHHOH
apTepHH Qpe3Bbl'lailHo 60raTa HepBHbIMn BOJIOKHaMH H KJIeTKaMH.
OCTaJIbHbIe CBeJ(eHnH KaCaIOTC5I HCKJIlOllHTeJIbHO aHaTOMH'IeCKHX
oTHomeHHH. TaK, KpaMMep 11 TOJ(J( (Krammer u. Todd, 1914) YKa-
3blBalOT Ha TO, 'ITO nOAKJIIO'In'lHaH apTepH5I nOJIY'IaeT HepBHble BO-
JIOKHa H3 CHMnaTH'IeCKOH LlenO'lKH, a C. JIeTHHI{ (1925) YTO'lH5IeT
I1X CBeJ{eHH5I H B Ka'leCTBe HCTOlIHHKOB HepI3HOrO cHa6)KeHH5I nOJ{-
KJIIO'IH'IHOH apTepflH Ha3bIBaeT nJIeqeBOe CnJIeTeHHe H BepXHHH
rneHHbIH Y3eJI. OH }Ke, IICCJIeJ{Y5I liHHepBaLlHIO 061l1,eii COHHOH apTe-
pHH, npOCJIeJ(HJI, 'ITO OHa nOJIY'IaeT BeTBH OT 6JIY}KJ{alOllI,ero HepBa
Ii OT CHMnaTHqeCKOH rneHHOH LlenOqKH.
102
Pe3YJIbTaTbl HaUUiX HCCJIe OBaHl:lii HepBHblX OTHOllIeHHH B 06-
JIaCTH KapoTH Horo cHHyca nOJIHOCTbm COBnaJIH C JIHTepaTypHwMH
aHHbIMI:I (A. A. CMl:IpHOB, 1945, 1951; H. r. OmpHoBa, 1948).
HeKoTopbIe HallIH c06CTBeHHbIe co06pa}KeHHSI no nOBO Y CYllI.HOCTH
KapOTII Horo cImyca H 3Ha'leHl:ISI ero JISI opraHH3Ma 6Y YT BbiCKa-
3aHbI B rJIaBe «0 COCY HCTOH 'IYBCTBI:ITeJlbHOCTH».
B He aBHee BpeMSI J].. M. fOJIy6 (1949 a) nOKa3aJI, 'ITO no -
KJIm'lll'maSI apTepHSI nOJIY'IaeT HepBHbIe BeTBH OT nO KJIm'lH'lHOH
neTJIH.
HepBHoe o6eCne'leHHe BeTBH nO KJIIolm'lHOH apTepHH - a. ver-
tebralis H3Y'IeHO Jlo H feppbe (Laux et Gerrier, 1948) H KpHCTeH-
ceHOM C COTpY HHKaMH (Christensen, Polley a. Lewis, 1952). Bee
()HH rOBopSIT 0 60raTOH 'lYBCTBHTeJlbHOH H BHraTeJlbHOH HHHep-
BamlH ,noro cocy a. E I:IHCTBeHHaSI pa60Ta, nOCBSIllI.eHHaSI 3Kcne-
pl:lMeHTaJlbHoMY aHaJIl:I3Y HepBHbIX IIpl:l60pOB n03BOHO'IHOH apTepHH,
npHHa;J.JIe}KI:IT r. A. MSIMJIHHOH (1953). OHa nOKa3aJIa, 'ITO n03BO-
HO'lHaSI apTepl:lSI nOJIY'laeT 'lYBCTBHTeJIbHbIe HepBbI H3 Bcex llIeHHbiX
H IIepBoro rpY Horo CIIl:IHHOM03rOBblX y3JIOB. .l.I.BHraTeJIbHaSI HHHep-
BaLlI:lSI ee ocymeCTBJISIeTCSI 3a C'IeT llIeHHbIX CHMnaTH'lecKHX raH-
I'JIHeB.
TaK }Ke HeMHOrO'lHCJIeHHbl H CBe eHI:ISI OTHOCHTeJlbHO HHHep-
Bamil:! BeTBeH aopTbl, OTXO SImHX OT Hee B 6pmllIHOH nOJIOCTH.
Dap6eii-faMIIepT H Be6ep (Barbey-Gampert et. Weber, 1947)
.BH eJlH Y 3M6pHOHOB MOpCKOH CBI:IHKI:I B BeTBSIX a. coeliaca 06HJIbHOe
HepBHoe CnJIeTeHl:Ie cpe H Me3eHXl:IMHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB. OT 3Toro CIIJIe-
TeHI:ISI HanpaBJISImTCSI BeTO'lKH B tunica intima I:I OKaH'IHBamTCSI
B HeH MeHIICKaMH Ha BHYTpeHHeii nOBepxHocTH 3H OTeJIHaJIbHbIX
KJIeTOK.
B 6pbI}Kee'lHbIX apTepHSIx 'lYBCTBHTeJlbHble OKOH'IaHHSI 06Hapy-
>KI:IJI B. M. fOLlHHOB (1948a). B cBoeii CTaTbe Ha :ny TeMY OH onH-
CbIBaeT cBo6oLlHbIe peLleIITOpHbIe npl:l60pbI B TOJIllI.e tunica adventitia,
paCIIOJlO}KeHHbIe KaK B rJIaBHbIX cOCYLlI:lCTblX CTBonax, TaK H B HX
BeTBSIX I, II H III IIopSI Ka, oc06eHHo 06I1JIbHbIe B MeCTax BeTBJIe-
HIISI COCY OB.
DoraToe CIIJleTeHHe Ha KHllIe'lHbIX apTeplHIx BI:I eJ1 11. A. Illapo-
BaTOB (1937). ApTepl:lH BOpOT IIe'leHH H3Y'IeHbl K. H. 4epHblllIeBoH
.(1952). YCTaHOBI:IB aHaTOMI:I'leCKl:Ie OTHOllIeHHSI apTepHH H IIpHXO SI-
llI,l:IX B COIIpHKoCHOBeHl:Ie C HI:IMI:I HepBHbIx CTBOJIOB, OHa 3aTeM rHCTO-
JIOm'leCKH 06HapY}KI:IJIa, 'ITO nOCJIe Hl:Ie cO ep}KaT 'lYBCTBHTeJIb-
HbIe H Bl:IraTeJIbHbIe BOJlOKHa, pacIIaLlamml:leCSI B CTeHKe COCY OB
Ha MHOrO'lHCJIeHHble OKOH'laHI:ISI. 4YBCTBl:ITeJlbHbIe HepBHbIe npH-
60pbI COCY OB 06JIaCTl:I BOpOT IIe'leHI:I 06pa30BaHbI, IIO ]laHHblM
K. H. 4epHblllIeBoii, OTpocTKaMH HeHpoHoB V-XIII rpY HblX cnHH-
HOM03rOBbIX y3JIOB.
CTOJlb }Ke IIOLlpo6HO 1:I3Y'leHa HHHepBaLlI:lSI BepxHeH H HI:I}KHeH
nO }KeJlYLlO'lHO-LlBeHa LlaTl:lIIepCTHoH apTepHH E. A. Bop06beBoH
(1953). 06e 3Tl:1 apTepl:lH IIOJIY'lalOT 'lYBCTBI:ITeJlbHbIe HepBHbIe BO.
'IOKHa OT V-XIII cnHHHOM03rOBbIX Y3J10B. BOJIOKHa 3TH npI:lXO SIT
103
B C6JIacrb noW/{eJIY.1J.04HOii )KeJIC3bI B cocnme 60JIbWHX 4peBHbIX
HepBOB.
OTHOCHTf'.JIbHO nOtleIJHOl1 apTepHIl O,'tIlH TOJIbKO fJIa3ep (l914b)
rcBOpHT 0 l<pai'1HeM 60raTCTBe HepnaMI1 ee lIapY)!{Hoii 060JI04KH.
06CJIe.1J.OBaIlHble Hal\lll 6plOW1I35J aopTa 11 ee neTBI1 - a. coeIiaca,
a. mesenterica superior, a. renalis 11 a. mesenterica inferior 113)"4eHbI
B Tex )I{e YCJIOBI15JX 31{Cneplll\leHTa, tITO II C3Ma aopTa. IIx awpeHT-
HbIe npll60pbl nocTpoellbl no 06mE'MY nJIaHY C T3K013blMil me 6p1OW-
HOH aopTbi.
.,,'fr""
-, .
...
.....
"ill!
'''':.
.:-
.. .
:,"""
.... A"""..
)t. .
.... --_:. .;:'r
........ 4. .>
#l- .... -.. . ;I'
"I)
..
"
'1" .J
.4; .
. ."
"
- ,:\o'..' ''-,
.""
..
.;
.>-
f. ......
JI: . ......,.""'".,.
\
. .
."
.4-
-
. .....
. .'
. ...
-
.< Co
'
. ?L' .. '''..1- \ ""'. .. .
. p : '-,' ,f : -" 'J. ....... .
_ \.. . 030' ...
--
"'
Pec. 93. OClioBaliHe nOlJelJlloii apTepHH. PeuenToplioe nOJIe B ee
cpe,/\lIeii 060JIOlJKe. MIIKpO<POTO (06. lOx, OK. lOx).
DepBoe, LITO 6pOCaeTC5J B rJIa3a npl1 paCCM8Tpl1BaHl1l1 06JIaCTeH
aopTbI, OT KOTOpblX OTXO.1J.51T ynOM5IHYTble COCY.1J.bI, 3aKJIlOLlaeTCSI
B YSeJlH4eHHl1 11 ynJIOTHeHIIH pelLenTopHbIX nOJIeH B 3THX Y4acTKax.
Ha pHC. 93 npHBO.1J.HTC5I MHKpoqX)TOrpaMMa CTeHKH nOLleLlHoii ap-
Tepl1H B MeCTe OTXO)!{.1J.eHl1S1 ee OT aopTbI. OrpoMHbIii pelLemop
3aHl1MaeT npH MaJIOM YBeJIHLleHHH n04Tl1 Bce nOJIe 3peHl151. Bl1.1J.HO,
LITO OH 06pa30BaH MHOrHMH BeTB5ImHMHC5I 3.1J.ecb M5IKOTHbIMH BOJIOK-
HaMH. KOHe4HbIe OT.1J.eJIbi 3THX BOJIOKOH 6e3M5IKOTHbl, TOHKH H pac-
nOJIaralOTC5I HenOCpe.1J.CTBeHHO Cpe.1J.H MbIweLlHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB CTeH-
KH. DpH H3YLleHHl1 TaKHX pelJ.enTopOB nOLl 60JIbWHM YBeJI114eHHeM
06HapY>KHBaeTC5I CXO.1J.CTBO HX KOHlLeBblX BeTBJIeHl1H C BeTBJIeHH5IMH
pelLenTopOB OCTaJIbHOH aopTbI - L OHH TaK )!{e 06HJIbHbI H cHa6)!{eHbI
BcnOMOraTeJIbHblMH KJIeTKaMH.
104
B OCHOBaIIlUI a. cocliaca II a. mescntcrica infcrior TaJOKe HMCIOTCH
OC06CHHO 60raTble BeTB5lMII II IWHl.leBblMH BCTOlJKaMlI pCl.lenTOpHble
nOJl5I.
DOJIblllOC KOJIlIlJCCTBO llYBCTBHTCJIbllLIX npliuopoB IIMCeTCH 11 B
call1llX CTeHKax 3T1IX COCyJJ.OB. KaK II B aopTe, OC06CHHO 60raTa HMH
CpC.AH51H 060JIOlJKa, B hOTOpOH lla6JI1o.AaeTC51 npoCJlal1B311lle MbllllClJ-
HblX 3JIelliCHTOB UCJIblMH Coe.AHH51I0IlJ.HMlICH .l(pyr C .APyroM nOJIHMH
HepBHblx np1l60poB.
OpH lIMnpcrualUlII pa3pe3aHIloii B.AOJIb If pa3BcpHYTOH nOlJeq-
HOll apTcpml, paBHO l{aK H lJpeBHOH If 6PbI}I{CClJHbIX apTeplIll, 06Ha-
pY}KlIBaeTC5I KpaHHce 06lfJIlfe lJYBCTBHTCJIbHblX OKOHlJaHHH, npep'-
CTaBJIeHHblX lJaCTO pacnOJIO}l{CHHblMH Ha nJIOCKOCTH pa3pc3a rycTO
BerBHCTblMH KYCTaMH (pHC. 94 Ii 95). KOHelJHble BeTOlJKH 3THX KY-
CTOB nO.l(lJHHHIOTCH 061lJ.eMY npaBHJIY, .AJI51 TaKoro pO.Aa pel.lenTOpOB-
OHH BCTynaloT B IWHTaKT C Mblllle1IHbiMlI 3JIeMeHTaMlI npH nOMOIlJ.H
CBo60.AHbIX BeTBJIeHHH HJIH OKaHlJlIBalOTCH paclllHpcHlIHMH Ha TeJlaX
BcnOMOraTeJlbHblX KJIeTOK, pacnOJIO}KCHHbIX Ha MbllllelJHblX CJl05lX
tunica media cocY.Aa.
B HapY}KHOH 060JIOlJKe Bcex apTepHaJIbHblX BerBeH 6plOillHOH
aopTbl HMelOTCH MHOrOlJHCJIeHHble HepBHble CTBOJIbl H CnJleTeHHH.
I1x XOpOIllO OnHCaJI H. D.. D.oBrHJIJIO (1926a, 6). OH }Ke aHaTOMI1-
qecKH npOCJlc.l(HJI HalJaJIO H XO.A HepBoB, HanpaBJIHlollJ.HXCH K COCY-
J!.aM 6plOIllHOii nOJIOCTH. OCHOBHblM IiCTOlJHHKOM HepBHoro cHa6}Ke-
HH5I 3THX COCYJ!.OB 51BJI5IIOTC5I Y3JIbl nOrpaHHlJHOH UenOlJKH H 60JIb-
IllHX CnJleTeHHH 6plOIllHOii nOJIOCTH - COJIHelJHOrO, 6pbl}KeelJHblX H
nOlJelJHblX. D.oBr5lJIJIO YKa3bIBaer Ha cerMeHTapHoe BXO}K.AeHHe HepB-
HblX CTBOJIOB B tunica adventitia COCY.AOB 6plOillHOH nOJIOCTH, Me-
Hee Bblpa}KCHHOe B KaY.l(aJIbHOH lJaCTH ao, pTbl HalJHHa51 OT 06JIaCTH
OTXO}K.AeHHH OT Hee HH}KHe6pbl}KeelJHOH apTepHH.
B HaCTOHllJ.ee npeMH Ha OCHOBaHHH MHorHX 3KcnepHMeHToB, BbI-
nOJIHCHHblX C l.lCJIblO BbI51CHeHH5I XO.Aa H pacnpe.AeJleHH5I HepBoB
H HX OKOHlJaHHH B CTeHKe COCY.l(OB, MbI MO}KeM C YBepeHHocTblO ro-
BOpHTb 0 TOM, lJTO 3Ta cerMeHTapHOCTb OTHOCHTeJlbHa. BHYTPH
CTeHKH OHa Tep5ler CBoe Bblpa}KeHHe 6JIaro.Aap51 nepeCJIaHBaHH5IM
H nepeKpblTHHM OJ!.HHX pel.lenTOpHblx nOJIeii .nPyrHMH, npHHa.nJlC)Ka-
IlJ.HMH coce.nHHM H .na}Ke OT.l(aJIeHHblM cerMeHTaM cocY.l(a.
I1CTOlJHHKOM lJYBcTBHTeJIbHOH HHHepBalJ.HH BerBeH 6plOlliHOH
aopTbl CJIY}KaT cnHHHOM03rOBble Y3JIbl. OTpOCTKH HX KJIeTOK o6pa-
3YlOT Bce MHoroo6pa3He llYBCTBHTeJlbHblX OKOHlJaHHH 3THX COCY.l(OB.
Ha.l(o nO.l(lJCpKHYTb, lJTO Ha nYTH CBoeM 113 cnIiHHoMo3roBblX
Y3JIOB K cocy.naM OHH pacnOJIaralOTCH B COCTaBe CHMnaTlIlJeCKOH.
nOrpaHHlJHOH l.lenOlJKH Ii 60JIblllHX CnJIeTeHHH 6plOlliHOH nOJIOCTH.
Ha 3TO 06CT05lTeJIbCTBO YKa3bIBaJIH MHome aBTopbl (A. 3. JIeMaH,
1912; JIeHrJIH, 1924; E. K. OJIelJKOBa, 1948a; T. A. rpHropbeBa,
1948, 1952).
HY}KHO COrJlaCHTbCH C H. E. EropoBblM (1893a, 6), rJla3epOM
1914 a, 1926, 1928) H D. A. D.oJIro-Ca6ypOBblM (1936a, 6), KO-
Topble onHCbIBalOT B neplla.nBeHTHLlHaJIbHOH TKaHH H lJaCTHlJHO
105
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PHC. 94. nOlJClJllaH apTcpHH. PeucnToplible nOJlH B ce MbJIIIe1J-
110M 060JlOlJKC. MUKpOcjJOTO (06. lOx, OK. lOx).
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PHC. 95. BCPXIIHH 6pbDKCelJllaH apTepHH. napaJIJIeJIbllblM no-
BepxllocTH pa3BepllYToro cocy,/\a cpe3. PeucnToplible nOJlH.
MHKpO<POTO (06. lOx, OK. lOx).
406
B tunica adventitia COCyJ{OB nOJIOCTeH H BHyrpeHHHx opraHoB, pac-
nOJI01KeHHhIX B HHX, HepBHhIe KJIeTKH, coeJ{HHeHHhIe 06hIIIHO B Ma-
eHhKHe faHfJIHH.
Bo Bcex OT.II.eJIaX aopThI H ee 60JIhllIHX BeTBHX B nepHa.ll.BeHTH-
I1.HaJIhHOII coeJ{HHHTeJlhHOH TKaHH BCer.ll.a BCTpelIaJIHCh MaJIeHhKHe
Y3eJ1KH 06hIIIHhIX MYJIhTHnOJIHpHhlX KJIeTOK. OlIeHb pe.ll.KO npHXO.ll.H-
OCb HX BH.II.eTh H B caMOH tunica adventitia.
B 6plOlliHOH aopTe H B ee BeTBHX HaJIHIIHe raHrJIHeB B Hapy>KHoH
060JIOlIKe H B IIepHa.ll.BeHTHLlHaJIhHOH TKaHH Ha6JIIO.II.aeTCH lIarn.e,
<.l caMH raHrJIHH KpynHee. DOJIhllIHHCTBO 06pa3YIOrn.Hx HX KJIeTOK
npHHa.ll.JIe)KI:IT K pa3pH.II.Y MHorooTpoCTlIaThIx CHMnaTHlIeCKHX HeM-
pOHOB - npHxoJ{HJIOCh BH.II.eTh Ha HHX H nepHLleJIJIIOJIHpHhIe
<.lIIIIapaThI,- lIaCTh 1Ke HX, HeCOI>!HeHHO. HOCHT xapaKTep IIYBCTBH-
TeJlhHhIX.3TO-60JIhllIl:Ie !<JIeTKH C OJ{HI:IM HJIH .ll.BYMH nOJIHpHO Han-
paBJIeHHhIMI:I OTpocTKaMH, 06hIIIHO 60JIee TOJICThIMH, lIeM OTpOCTKH
MYJIhTI:IIIOJIHpHhIX KJIeTOK.
B IIepl:laJ{BeHTI:ILlHaJIhHOH TKaHH 6plOlliHOH aopThI H ee 60JIhllIHX
BeTBeH BCTpelIalOTcH H YlIaCTKH naparaHrJIHOHapHoH TKaHH, oc06eHHo
B6JIII31:1 raHrJIHeB. 3TOT cpaKT caM no ce6e HBJIHeTCH He HOBhIM, Ha Hero
YKa3hIBaJI B 1935 r. B. C. KocpMaH. OOBHJ{HMOMY, MaCChI xpOMaqxpl:lH-
HOH TKaHH B.II.OJIh 6pl01liHOH aopThI Moryr pacnpOCTpaHHThCH H Ha
6JIl:l1KaHllIl:Ie YlIaCTKH ee nepHa.ll.BeHTHLll:laJIhHOH TKaHH H .ll.a1Ke 3a-
XOJ{IITh B tunica adventitia, nO.ll.06HO TOMy, lITO Mh! BI:IJ{I:IM B 06-
JIaCTII .ll.ym aopThI, r.ll.e TaK)Ke MO)KHO 06HapY1KI:ITh OT.II.eJIhHhIe YlIa-
CTKII naparanrJIHOHapnoH TKaHH B HapY1KHOH ee 060JIOIIKe.
DOJIee IIOJIHO Bce BonpochI, CBH3aHHhIe C HaJIHlIlleM B6JIH3H co-
CyJ{OB IIaparaHfJIHOHapHoH TKallli, 6YJ{YT pa306paHhI B rJIaBe «0 na-
paraHrJIl:lHX H rJIOMycax».
LlBHraTeJIhHaH HHHepBaUH5I 6plOlliHOH H rpYJ{HoH aopThl, Bcex
HX BeTBeH, paBHO KaK H apTepllH, OTXO.ll.Hrn.I:IX OT .ll.yrH, ocyrn.eCT-
BJIHeTCH, KaK H B caMOH .ll.yre, HepBHhIM annapaTOM, nOCTpoeHHhIM
Qpe3BhllIaHHO O.ll.HHaKOBO BO Bcex 3TIIX cocY.ll.ax.
KaK Y1Ke YKa3hIBaJIOCh, B HepBHhIX CTBOJIaX H CTBOJIHKax. pac-
nOJI01KeHHhIX B HapY)KHOll 060JIOlIKe 3THX COCY.ll.OB, HapHJ{Y C MHo
KOTHhIMH BOJIOKHaMH pa3Horo KaJIH6pa, BcerJ{a COJ{ep1KHTCH 60JIh-
1lI0e KOJIHlIeCTBO TOHKHX 6e3MHKOTHhIX, KOTophle, KaK H MHKOTHhIe,
BXOJ{HT B tunica media.
B TCX MeCTax, r.ll.e MHKOTHhle BOJIOKHa BhIXOJ{HT H3 CTBOJIHKOB
.ll.JIH 06pa30BaHHH CBOHX KOHelIHhIX pa3BeTBJIeHHll, BH.II.HO, lITO OLleHb
l\tHoro TOHlIaltllIl:IX 6e3MHKOTHhIX BOJIOKOHeLl paCIIOJIaraeTCH pH.II.OM
C HI:IMI:I H OTClO.II.a pacnpOCTpaHHeTCH no MhIllielIHOH 060JIOlIKe
(pHC. 96).
Y1Ke npoCToe Ha6JIIO.II.eHHe IIOKa3hlBaeT, LITO BCH MhIllielIHaH CTeHKa
3THX COCyJ{OB - B Ka1KJ{Olt MhIllielIHOH nJIaCTHHe - nOKphITa cnJIe-
TeHl:IeM TOHlIaihlIl:lX 6e3MHKOTHhIX BOJIOKOn, c06paHHhIX B TOHKHe
CTBOJIHKH, OJ{eThle 06rn.eH llIBaHHoBcKOH 060JIolIKoiI (pl:lc. 97). B CJIY-
lIaSIX Y.ll.alIHOH IIMIIperHaUl:Il:I BH.II.HO, lITO 3T0 CnJIeTeHl!e .ll.OCTHfaeT
He06hllIHOH rYCTOThl (pl:lc. 98).
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KOTlibIe BOJlOKlia Cpe)l.H MHKOTlibIX. MHKpOIjJOTO (06. 45x, OK. lOx).
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PHe. 97. fpY,/\lIaH aopTa. D:BHraTeJIbliOe CnJIeTellHe, 06pa30Balilioe
TOHKHMH 6e3MHKOTllhIIIIH BOJIOKllaMH B conpOBmK,/\ellHH 60JIbUlOrO KOJIII-
ljeCTaa lllaaHHoaCKHX H,/\ep. MHKpOIjJOTO (06. 45x, OK. lOX).
lOB
XapaKTepHOH ero oc06eHHOCTbl0 51BmIeTC5I Opl1eHTIIpOBaHHoe
paCnOJIO>I<eHue HepBHblX CTBOJIIIKOI3, 06bI4HO n3paJIJIeJIbHOe LXO Y
MbIllIe4HbIX 130JIOKOH.
BOJIee KpynHhle HcpBHbIe CT130JIHKII nOBTopHO eJI5ITC5I. 06bl'lHO
B MeCTe eJIeHlI51 06513aTeJIbHO JICml1T llIBaHHOBCK35I KJIeTK3.
B pe3YJIbTaTe TaKI1X e.llel-I1Iii KOHueBble OT e.."IbI W3l1raTeJIbHoro
CnJIeTeHI151 nOCTpoeHbI yme H3 OT eJIbHbIX 130JIOKOH, nepenJIeTalO-
llI.IIXC5I pyr C pyroM, O HaKO II npH 3TIIX nepenJIeTeHI151X coxpausl-
IOllI.l1X CBOIO OUI.IO'IO op,HeHTl1pOBaHHOCTb no HanpaBJIeHl110 xo a MbI-
llIe4HbIX BOJIOKOH OT eJIbHbIX MbIllIe4HbIX nJIaCTlIH.
lllBaHHOBCKlle I<JIeTKI1 B 06JIaCTI1 3TI1X KOHueBbIX pa3BeTBJIeHI1H
npe CTaBJIeHbI oco6eHHO 0611JIbHO (pl1c. 99). Ilpll 60JIbllII1X YBeJII1-
'leHI151X BI1 HO, 'lTO OHI1 nonpemHeMY COXpaH5II0T CBoe nOJIOmeHl1e
B MeCTax BeTBJIeHI1H HepBHbIX BOJIOKOH.
BC5I 3Ta CI1CTeMa CnJIeTeHIIH CHa'laJIa TOHKI1X CTBOJII1KOB, a 3aTeM
OT eJIbHbIX BOJIOKOH, Henocpe cTBeHHo CB5I3aHa C MbIllIe'lHblMI1 KJIeT-
KaMI1 cpe HeH 060JIO'lKI1 COCY OB.
OKOH4aHII5I B JIIOOOM ee )'4acTKe nOCTpoeHbI cOBepllIeHHo O I1Ha-
KOBO. nOCJIe nOCJIe HerO eJIeHI151, B MeCTe KOToporo 06513aTeJIbHO
JIemllT llIBaHHOBCKa51 KJIeTKa, nOJIY'lI1BllIl1eC5I B pe3YJIbTaTe 3Toro
eJIeHI151 Ba HepBHbIX BOJIOKOHIW OKaH'lI1BaIOTC5I HemHbIMI1 B3 y-
TI151MI1 Ha nOBepXHOCTI1 TeJIa MbIllIe4HOH KJIeTKI1 (pI1C. 100).
Hepe KO npl1 nOCJIe;{HeM .n.eJIeHlfl1 06pa3yeTC5I He o no, a HecKOJIb-
KO TepMUHaJIbHbIX qmopl1JIJI, KaK 6bl I3bIXOJ].HllI.IIX 113 llIBaHHOBCKOIi
KJIeTKlI (pIlC. 10 1). 11 B 3TOM CJIY4ae OHII, KaK II B npe bl Ylll.eM.
OKaH41IBaIOTC5I TOHKIIMH KOHIleBblMII YTOJIllI.eHlI5IMI1 Ha MbIllIe'lHbIX
KJIeTKax.
Bce, 'lTO 11306pameno Ha pl1c. 27-32 11 KaCaeTC5I CTpOeHH5I BH-
raTeJIbHblX npH60poB B yre aopTbl, lIMeeT Henocpe CTBeHHoe OT-
HOllIeHHe H KO BceH aopTe, 11 KO BceM ee 60JIbllIHM l3eTB5IM. TO'lHO TaK
me Bce, 'lTO H306pameHo Ha pllC. 96 - 101 II l<acaeTC5I CTpOeHlI51
BHraTeJIbHbIX npl160pOB rpY HoH 11 6plOllIHOii aopTbI H BeTBeH ee
Yfl1, IIMeeT OTHOllIeHl1e H K caMoH .n.yre.
MomHo C nOJIHOH YBepeHHoCTblO r0130pIlTb, 'lTO 3TO O I1H H TOT me
Bl1raTeJIbHbIH annapaT, OXBaTbIBalOllI.l1H BCIO MblllIe'lHYIO 'laCTb
TeHKH 3TI1X COCY OB.
AnnapaT 3TOT npe,'l.CTaBJIeH CnJIeTeHlIeM CHa'laJIa HH HBI1 Y-
aJIbHblX CTBOJIHKOI3, 3aTeM lHIJ].HBH yaJIbHbIX BOJIOKOH. CTBOJIHKH
HMelOT I3H MaJIeHbKI1X Ka6eJIeH, B KOTOpbIX rpynnbI HepBHbIX BOJIO-
KOH IIMelOT o6ll1.IIe llIBaHHOI3Cl<IIe 060JI04KI1. lllBaHHOBCKHe KJIeTKH
conp0l30mJ!alOT 11 CllJleTeHI151 OT.n.eJIbHbIX BOJIOKOH, pacnOJIaraSJCb
npeIlMyw.eCTBeHHO B MeCTax I1X e."IeHnH. B cpopMIIpOBaHI1H OKOH-
'laHI151, npe,'l.CTaBJIeHHoro KOHIlel3blM B3J!YTIIeM IHI,'J.IIBI1 yaJIbHOrO
HepBHoro BOJlOKOIHta. npHHIIM3eT y'IaCTHe II 1lII3aHHOBCKa51 KJIeTK8,
KOTopaSJ conpOI3O>K,"{aeT ero cl30eii npOTOnJIa3MOH O caMoro KOHTaKTa
C rJI3,1,KOMbIllIe'lHbIM 3JIeMeHTOM.
Bce BOJIOKH3 ,'I.nIlraTeJfblIblX CnJIeTel-HiH 6e3M5IKOTHbl. ECJII1 H
.CJIY43J"IOCb BIIJ].eTb cpeAII HIIX MSII<OTHble BOJIOKHa, Bcer a 6e3 Tpy a
109
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PIIC. 98. HmKlle-rpY,/\lIaH aopTa. LI.BHraTeJIbliOe CnJIeTeliHe.
MHKpmpoTo (06. 45x, OK. lOx).
"
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PHC. 99. HmKlle-rpY,/\lIaH aopTa. KOllueBOH OT,/\eJI ,/\BHraTeJIb-
1I0ro CnJIeTeIlHH. MHKpO\jJOTO (06. 45x, OK. lOx).
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CnJIeTeIlHH. MHKpO!jJOTO (06. 45x, OK. lOx).
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PIIC. 101. HHJKlle-rpY,/\lIaH aopTa. WBalilloBcKaH KJIeTKa KOII-
ueBoro oT,/\eJIa JIBHraTeJIbliOrO CnJIeTellHH B cpe,/\lIeii 060JIO'lKe.
MIIKpO!jJOTO(06. 100x, oK.7X).
HI
MOlliHO 6hlJIO YCTaHOBlITb I1X np1lHa;J.JIelliHOCTb K TOMY IlJII1 I1HOMY
peu.emOpHOMY npu60py.
)J,ereHepaIUU1 BOJIOKOH ;J.BUraTeJIhHhIX CnJ1eTeHI1ii Ii I1X OKOH-
lJaHI11i HaCTynaeT BCerJ:l,a npll y aJIemIH TeX I1JIli HHhlX Y3JIOB
CI1MnaTI1QecKoH HepBHOH CI1CTeM .
fpY HYIO aOpTY 11 apTepl1H, OTXO HIlI,l1e OT YrH, I1HHepBl1pYIOT
BepXHHH llleHHhlH 11 3Be3 lIaThlH Y3JIhI. 5plOllHIYIO aOpTY H OTXO H-
IlI,l1e OT Hee apTepl111 - Y3JIhl COJIHellHoro 11 6phIllieellHhiX CnJIeTe-
TeHHH.
HIlKor a He y aBaJIOCb npll y aJIeHI1I1 Tex llJII1 IlH X CI1MnaTI1-
QeCKI1X Y3JIOB B 3BaTb 13 KaKOM-JIH60 OTpe3Ke aopThI I1JIH ee Kpyn-
HhlX BeTBeH nOJIHYIO ereHepau.lIIO Bl1raTeJIhH X CnJIeTeHHH. OO'bHC-
HeHHe 3TOMY cpaKTY HYlliHO llCKaTb, nOBI1 I1MOMy, 13 TOM, liTO HH pa3Y
He y aJIHJII1Ch 60JIhllll1e OT eJIhl CI1MnaTl1l1ecKoH u.enOllKI1. KpoMe
Toro, KaK Yllie YKa3aHO BhIllIe, H 13 yre, a ocooeHHO B 6pIOlllHOH
aopTe H 13 ee BeTBHX, 13 tunica adventitia Bcer a JIelliaT HepBHhle
raHrJIl1ll, HlilIeM He OTJIHlIaIOIlI,l1eCH OT raHrJIHeB u.enOllKH HJIH npe-
BepTe6paJIhHhiX CnJIeTel-IH H.
O HOBpeMeHHO Ha o OTMeTHTb, liTO npH y aJIeHI1I1 TOro I1JIl1l1HOro
OT eJIa CI1MnaTJ1lleCKOH HepBHOH CHCTeMhl 30Hhl ereHepau.IIH 3a-
XO HJIH aJIeKO 3a npe eJI Cerl\1eHTa cocy a, Ka3aJIOCh Ohl, npIlHa -
JIelliaIll,erO 13 CM CJ1e CBoeH IIHHepBau.lIH K y aJIeHHoMy Y3J1Y. OCO-
6eHHO 3TO I1MeeT MeCTO no oTHolliemiIO K 6pIOllIHOii aopTe, r e
gang1. coeliacum, Hanpl1Mep, npUHI1MaeT YllaCTlIe 13 I1HHepBau.1111
H caMhlX lICTaJIhHhIX ee OT eJI013.
KaK Yllie CKa3aHO, )J,. n. KJIa lIeHKo (1948) onl1caJI HepBHhle
npH60phI 13 Mecre pa3 eJIeHlIH 6pIOlllHOH aopThI Ha nOJ!B3 OlllHhle
apTepl1H. 06 I1HHepBau.1111 3THX nOCJIe HI1X ynD:\UlHaeT r. <P. HBaHoB
(1945).
HHlliH5151 Ha qepBHa51 apTep1I5I 3KCnepl1MeHTaJIhHO 06cJIe o-
BaHa JI. H. rop eeBoll (1952). YCTaHOBI1Bllleii, liTO K Hefi nOJ!XOJ!51T
BeTBH IX-XII Mellipe6epHhIx HI-III nOHCHJ1lIHhIX HepBoB, a TaK-
)Ke H BeTBI1 OT HapYlliHoro ceMeHHoro HepBa, cO;J.eplliaIll,l1e KaK lIYB-
CTBI1TeJIhHhIe BOJIOKHa OT cooTBeTcTBYIOIll,HX cnHHHoMo3roBhIX Y3-
JIOB, TaK 11 13HraTeJIhHhle OT CHMnaTlIlleCKIIX Y3JIOB n05lCHHlIHOH
06JIaCTI1 .
MarHCTpaJIhHhle cocy bl ROHellHOCTII - 6e peHHaH 11 nJIelleBa51
apTepl111 II I1X BeTlHi -I\1HoroKpaTHo CJIYlliHJIli OO'beKTaMll HeBpOJIO-
rHlIecKoro H3YlleHHSl. EIlI,e M. H. JIar1l1HcKHIL (1905a), npllMeHSISI
oKpacKY MeTlIJIeHOBOH ClIHbKOH, OrniCaJI 13 Cpe.AHeH H HapYlliHoii 060-
JIOllKaX a. femoralis c06aKII lIYBcTBHTeJIhHhle OKOHlIaHIISI 13 BH.'J.e
pa3Ho06p33HhIX p33BeTBJIeHI1 fr, II P l'IH3,'{J1elliaIll,II x M5I KOTHbJ:\1 BOJIOK-
HaM cpe Hero K3JI116p3. BnOCJIeJ{CTBHII fJI33ep (19143), nOJIb3Y5ICb
TeM llie MeTO OM, nO TBepJ- HJI J{aHllhle M. H. JIamlHcKoro, XOT5I HYlliHO
CKa3aTh, liTO HaXOJ!KH rJI33epa CKYJ{I1ee TOro, 'ITO BH,':{CJI Ha CBOIIX
npenapaTax M. H. JIamlHcKlIll. B 3TD:\1 CMblCJIe lIenOJIHbl:\UI 5113.151-
IOTC5I II CCJI e;:{OB3 H 1151 Xllp1lI3 (Hirsch, 1926) II 53p!iC3 (Burns,
1933). 06a OHH o6napY)KI1JIII peu.emopIlblc npll60pbl TO.'1bKO 13 Ha-
'112
PYlliHOH OOOJlOLJKe II B neplla UeUTlIUHaJlbHOH COe I1l-I11TeJlbHOH
TKaHIi 6e,1,peHHOH apTepHIi.
HMelOTCH YKa3aHlIH Ha HaJlHLJHe B HapYlliHOH 060JlOLJKe H B nepH-
a;lBeHTlIUlla,lbHOii TKaHH 6e,J.peHHOii apTepll1:l H ce BeTBeH Hl-IKan-
CYJIllpOBaHl-IbIX OKOHLJaHllii THna TCJleu <l>aTep-naLJHHH. 06 3TOM ro-
BOpllJl KpaY3e (1876), n03 Hee XllpW (1926), a TaKllie BY"IJIap
H Be;vJ.e.l (Woollard a. Wcddel, 1935).
Oc06eHHoe BHHMallHe K lIImepI3a1UIU MarHCTpaJlbHblX COCY OB
KOHeLJHOCTeii, r J1aBHbll\l 06pa30:\1 lIl!lliH II X, 6hlJl0 IIpl:lBJle l leHO ony-
6JIlIKOBaHl1e:\l J1cpllweM CBocro cnoc06a nepliapTepHa;lbHoH CHMnaT-
3KTOMHII, OCHOBaI-III0ro lIa npe;J.CTaB.1CHI:IHX, lITO COCY;lHCThle HepBhl
KOHeLJHOCTeii, B LJaCTHOCTII, l3a30MOTOphl, HBJl5II0TC5I npO;lOJlllieHHeM
cnJleTeHl:lii, conpOBO)j{ aIOllJ,HX aopTY, H THHYTC5I no COCY;J.Y BBH e
J1IUIHhlX npOBO HIIKOB. J1CpIlW ClIIITaJl, lITO nepepe3Ka TaKHX npo-
BO HHKOB npHBe eT K ,1,eHepBaUHI1 cocY,'la H Bhl30BeT napaJlHLJ ero
MhlllleLJHhlX 3J1e:\leHTOB 1:1 paCllll1peHHe npOCBeTa.
Ha,1,o CKa3aTh, lITO J1epIlw BblcTynHJI CO CBOHM npe JIOllieHHeM,
HeCl\IOTpH Ha TO, lITO Bce aBTophl, I:ICCJIe OBaBIllHe Hl-IHepBaUHIO Ma-
rHCTpaJIbHhlX COCY OB KOHelIHOCTeii, OKa3blBaJlH, lITO HepBhl CO-
npOBOlli aIOT COCY hl no BceMY XO y IIX 1:1 Ha pa3HhlX ypOBHHX MIOT
B I1X CTeHKH CBOH OTBCTBJleHHSI.
Ha 3TO YKa3hll3aJI ellJ,e <l>peH (Frey, 1876), M. H. J1anHHcKHH
(1905a), a n03 Hee norrc (Potts, 1914) 1:1 KpaMep H TOM (Kram-
mer u. Todd, 1914).
.LLBa uaThle 1:1 TpH IlaThle rOJ\hl HaCTOSllll,erO CTOJIeTI:ISI 6YKBaJIb-
HO H306HJIYIOT aHaTOMHLJeCl\IIMH pa6OTaMH, npOBepSlIOllJ,I1MI:I, yrJIy6-
JISlIOllJ,I1MH H YTOLJHSlIOIlI,HMH aHHhle no I1l-lHepBaHHI:I COCY OB KO-
HeLJHOCTeH.
HeMHome aBTophl (Bruning, 1924, 1927; Bergglas, 1925;
A. A6palliaHoB, 1927) npHWJll1 K 3aK"110LJeHHlO, LJTO HMelOTCSI JIHH-
Hhle HepBHhle npOBO HI:IKH, KOTophle TSlHYTCSI HenpephlBHo OT npo-
KCHMaJIhHblX Y'IaCTKOB COCY OB 1\ HCTaJIhllhIM, Bce BpeMH OCTaBaHCh
B npe eJIax cocY IICTOH CTeHKII.
nO aBJISlIOUJ.ee llie 60"lhIllI:lHCTBO I1CCJle OBaTeJIeH HeonpoBep-
lliHMO ,1,OKa3aJIO, LJTO COCY bl no Bceii ;J.JIIiHe CBoero xo a nOJIyLJaIOT
BeTBII OT conpOBOlli,'l.alOIll,I1X IIX IlJIII COCe,'l.HIIX C HIIMI1 HepBOB. C. J1eT-
HIIK (1924/1925) 06HapYllil1JI BeTBIi OT 6e peHHoro HepBa K O HO-
I:IMeHHOH apTeplll1, a .LLeHHllr (Dennig, 1924) nOKa3aJI, lITO HepBhl K CO-
CYJI:aM roJIeHH I1;lYT B CMelllaHHhlX CTBOJlaX, a He B tunica adventi-
tia 6e,J.peHHoii apTepllIl. Pal3l-IO II BII,'I.xoncp (Wiedhopf, 1925) II J1ay6-
:\laH (Laubmann, 1924) YTBeplli,'{aIOT, lITO HeT MI1HHhIX HepBHhlX
nyreii ,1S1 COCY OB.
B 3TOT nepllo;l BBe,'l.CIIO 6blJlO nOIISlTlie 0 cerMeHTapHoii I:IHHep-
BalU1l1 COCY OB KOHeLJHOCTeii, 'ITO 03Ha l weT 1IIIHepB3UHlO nOCJIe o-
BaTc.lbHblX Y'I3CTI\OB apTepl:l1l OT pa311blX HCpBOB, paCnOJIOllieHHhlX
no coce CTBY II nOCblJIalOlll,I1X B 3pTCpllIO CBOlll3eTl3I1. TaK, pa60TaMH
A. n. EJIeU,Koro (1925), Xllpwa (1923), Xalla II XYHLJeKa (Hahn
u. Hunczck. 1925), a TaI{)j{e .LLYMnCp'f.a II Q)JIliKa (Dumpert u.
8 T. A. rpilropLcB3 113
Flick, 1925) 6hlJl0 nOl a3aI-IO, 'lTO 6e)].pelil-IaH apTepll51 no BCel\IY CBO-
eMY xO,'J.Y nOJlYlIaeT BCTBII OT BCCX coce;UlIIx HepBoB: OT n. obtura-
tori us - 13 npOKC1IMaJIblIhlX OT,'J.eJIaX, OT n. fcmoralis 11 n. sa-
phenus - 13 60JIee )].IICTaJILlIhIX.
OC06CHII0 nO,J.p061I0 1I1IIIepBalUllo 6e,J.pelll-IOll a pTepllIl 1I3Y'lIl.l
A. 11. 4apYrIIIl (1926, 1927). OH I3hUll3llJI II TC IIcpBlIhIe KO:\InOHeHThl,
KOTophle nepexo,J.HT lIa lice no CTelll C 113 60JIee npOKClIMaJIhHhlX
COCy)].OB - aOpTaJlhlIOC CllJlCTe1ll1C C a. iliaca communis, nOKa3aJI
Y'lacTlle 13 ee HHHepBall.1Il1 Hepl3l1hlX CTBOJlIIKOB OT nOHCHIl'lHhIX
II KpeCTlI.OBhlX Clll\maTll'leCKIIX )'3JIOB II I3XO)j ,'I.CHIIe 13 ee CTCHKY BeT-
Bell nepJl(peplflleCKIIX CJ\1CllIaHIILIX IICpBOB - nn. genitocruralis,
crura lis, obturatorius II saphenus. K TaKIl;\l )j e BhlBO;taJlI OTHOClITe..lhHO
HHllepBall.lIH 6e.il.pelIlIoii apTepIlIl nplIllICJI II BYJ1J1ap,'J. (1926).
nOCJ1e,'J.YlOw,l1e I1CCJIe;1013aTCJIII - n. r. MeJIIIX013 (1927),
KYllTlI. (Kuntz. 1929), E_ lI.. 06hlllllll (1938), II. B. KOJ1eCIIIIKOB
(1939), E.l\1. MapropllH (1938, 1941) II 1\\. C. [pa'leBa (1951a)-,J.0-
K33aJ111 no OTHOlllelIlIlO K pa311hlJlI JI1afllCTpaJILlIhlM cocY,J.aJll KOHe'l-
HocTeii nocerMclITlIYIO IHIIICpl3all.lHu IlX UT COCC;lllll),. lIeplJ(pCpll 1 leCI\HX
HepBoB.
B cBoei! KllIlre «HepBLI II oprallLI 'I)'BLTB cep,J.e'lIlO-coCY,'I.I1CTOH
CIICTeJl1hl)J r. <P. lIB3HOB (1945) 0606w,acT ,'I.alllILIC no aH3TOJlIII'leCI{IL\l
I1HlIepB311.1I0HHLIJll OTlIOlllClIlIHJlI 13 JllarIlCTpaJILlIhlX cocY,J.ax II no
TOHIWMY CTpOCIIHlO IlX 1JYI3CTBIITC.'ILlIhIX HCpl3lIhlX npll60poB. np1l-
130)].51 pe3YJ1hTaTLI CBOIIX II C1301IX COTPY,'J.HIlKOB (JI. A. lllaHrIIH3,
M. C. )KapKoB, A. B. BOTpllll, M. 3. Kaprep, r. M. 3eJlI1l.0B, H.A..llla-
pOB3TOB, H. C. B0J10)].oKO, H. B. KOJIeCHIIIWB, 1\\. C. KYPYlllllH3,
M. M. WeHlmr, r. II. MapKY3e, n. B. [YIWB, A. II. HB3HOB II
T. H. Eor )].3HOB3) II CC.l c,J.ol3a HI I Ii, OH nO)].TI3cp)j ,J.aeT II ,'I.OnOJ1HHeT
)].31-IHhle no cerMellTaplIoJl1Y CH30)KelllIlO apTcpllii OT COCC,J.HlIX Hep-
BOB 11 oCBew,3eT Bonpoc 0 MopCI}OJlOrII'JeCI\HX K3pTlIH3X IIX pell.en-
TOpHLIX npll60pOB - 3TO CB06u,'I.lIh1C lIcpBHLle OI\OH'l3HIIH p33HO-
06P33HOII cpopl\lhl 13 nep II a;tBellTl I 11.11 a.l hlIOii TK31111, 13 HapY)j{Hoii
II cpe,'J.Hell 060JIO'lI e II 11II1 ancy.:(llpOBaIIHhIe OKOlllI3H11H Tlma TeJI
cD3Tep-Oa'llfHH, 061lJILII0 npC)].CTaB.aellllhle K3K 13 0IWJ10COCYJ\IICTOii
KJ1eT'JaTKC, T3K II 13 tunica advcntitia COCY,'J.OB.
MHofile 3BTOphl, pa60TaBlIllle lla,1, BLI5IClIelllIe:ll Bonpoca 06 Ill-lHep-
13311.11I1 COCYJtOB I OHellllOCTcii, YKa3hll3alOT, lITO I3CTBII Cl\lelllallHhlX
HepBOB, norpY)j 310w,lIeCH 13 COCy,J.IICT)'IO CTeHKY, cO,'J.ep)j{3T )].133
BH)].3 BOJIOKOII (M. I-I. J1amlllcl\IIii, 190513) - l\IH!WTIlLJe, 60.1ee
TOJICThle, II TOIIKlle 6C3l\HI IWTII hIe.
Bce 3BTOphi e,'l.IlHO,'l.YllIIIO )'TBCp)j ,J.3IOT, '1TO 6e3J11HlWTlIhle BO.101m3
Y'l3CTBYIOT 13 06pa30BaIIlIII OC06ClIII0 rycThlx ceTeii, paCnOJImKeilHhlx
H3 rp3HIIlI.e H3pPlmoii II cpeJtlleii 060JIOlIeK apTepll1l (,\\. H. J1amlH-
CKHii, 190513; A. H. 4apYrIIIl, 1926; XIIPllI, 1926; E3pHc, 1933).
TOI1KIIe B0J10KHa 3T1IX CnJ1eTeH1Iii, clIao)j{cllIIbIe OOJ1h1ll1lM KOJIII'le-
CTBOM lllB3HHOBCKHX f1Jtep, OTJt3IOT 13 Mhlllle11IIYlO 060J10l1KY 60JIee
TOHI\He BeTO'lKH, IWTophle H 06BIIB3IOT KmKJtYlo MhlllleLJHYlO K.leTl<Y
(M. H. J13nHllcKuH, 190513; XUPlll, 19263, b; E3plIC, 1933).
114
MOlliHO npeJJ.nOJlOllil1Tb, lITO 3TH rYCTble CnJleTeHl.IH TOHKHX 6e3-
MHKOTHbIX BOJlOl<OH II TOI-Ume BeTBII OT 3Tl1X CnJleTeHHll, 06B11BaIOllI.lIe
rJla,'l.K0ll1blllJe ' lHble l\J1eTIm, npeJJ.CTaBJlHIOT c06011 lI10p<jJOJlOrH ' leCKHll
cy6CTpaT JJ.BlIran-'J1bHOllI1HHepBaUI1I1 lI1arI1CTpaJlbHblX apTepl111I\OHell-
HOCTeii - cm....maTIJlleCKlIe CnJleTeHlIH II OI<OHlIaHHH CI1l11naTIIlIeCKI1X
BOJlOKOH Ha I\IblllJelIHblX KJleTI<aX. OJJ.HaI\O 6e3ynpellHorO JJ.OKa3aTeJlb-
CTBa 3TOrO (3KCnepIIMeHTaJlbHO-1\10pqx)JIOmlleClmX IICCJleJJ.OBaHIIH.
nOCBHIll.eHHbIX 1I3YlIeHHlO 3<fxPepelITHblX nplI60pOB MaruCTpaJlbHbIX
apTepllii) HeT.
l\.epnepc (Kcrpers, 1927), O,J.IIH 113 HeMHOmX, nplIlI1eHHJI CIIMnaT
3I\TOI\U1IO ,'I.J1H 1I3Y l ieHIIH IIHHepBaJUIH 6e,'l.peHHOCI H nJlelJeBOH apTepl111.
Ho 1I36pamIblii IIM cnoc06 - I1CCJle,'J.OBaHlIe cocYJJ.a lIepe3 5-12 He-
JJ.eJlb nocJle y,'{aJleHIIH nOHcHlIlIHOii Cl1MnaTH l leCI\OH uenO l lKI1
(JJ.J1H a. femoral is) IIJlII HlIlliHero weiiHoro ClIl\1nanIlIeCKoro Y3J1a
(JJ.J1H a. brachialis)-n03BOJlIIJI eMY oOllapYlliHTbTOJlbl\O 06Ill.YIO pe,'l.YK-
UI1IO HepI3HbIX BOJlOKOH 13 CTeHKe cocYJJ.a 13 pe3YJlbTaTe AereHepaUHI1
CHMnaTlJlIeCl\lIX BOJlOKOH, a He caMYIO ,'{ereHepaUHIO 3THX nOCJleJI.-
miX. B 3TOM OTHOllJeHl1l1 60Jlee CTapaH pa60Ta M. H. JIamlHcKoro
(1905a) HBJlHeTCH 60Jlee ,'I.0l\a3aTeJlbHOll - 13 Heii aBTop Onl1CbIBaeT JJ.e-
reHepaUlIlo TOHI\IIX BOJlOl<OH 13 MblllJuaX 6e,'{peHHoH apTepHii nCCJle
nepepe3KII Ce,'l.aJllIlll.HOrO HepBa. Ho npll 3TOH onepaUHli nepepe3a-
IOTCH II lJYBCTl3IlTeJlbHble HepBbI. A 3TO 06CTOSlTeJlbCTI30 He n03BOJl5leT
JJ.eJlaTb OI\OlIIIaTeJlbHble BbIBOJJ.b1 0 npllpoJJ.e Tex IIJII1 IIHblX (113 nepe-
pOlli,'l.a10lll.1IXC5I B OlIblTax M. H. JlamlHclwro) BOJlOKOH. .
OJJ.IIaKO p5lJ1. ()J113IIOJlOrWIeCIUIX IICCJleJJ.onaHlIll r0130plIT, 'ITO Ba30-
MOTOpbI MarI1CTpaJlbHbIX COCYJJ.OB KOlIelJHOCTeH S1BJlHlOTCH HepBHbIMI\
BOJlOl\Hall111 CIIlI1naTlI1IecKoro npolIcXolliJ1.eml5l (A. n. BaJlblep,
1842, 1843; A. A. OCTPOYMOB, 1876; JlcHrJIII, 1923b; M. H. J1amm-
CKlIll, 1926; Stopford, 1931; Woollard a. Phillips, 1932; Ascroft,
1937; Randall, Alexander, Hertzman, COX a. Henderson, 1950;
Bowling, Green, Barnes, Holleman a. Youmans, 1953).
TaKIIl\! 06pa30M, nO)!.BOJJ.H IITor ,'{aIlHbIll1 no HHHepBan.I1H MarH'
CTpa"lbHbIX apTepllii KOHe1IHOCTeii, HpKIIO CI\a3aTb, liTO 3TlI JJ.aHHble
cBII,'J.eTeJlbCTBYIOT 06 06ll1.HOCTII nJlaHa pacnpeJJ.eJleHIIH HepBHbIx
npll60po13 13 cocY JJ.IICT011 CTeHKe.
KaK II 13 60.TJee npOKCIIMaJlbHblX OT,'{eJlaX MarlICTpaJlbHblX co-
CyJJ.OB - 13 nOAI33,'J.OWHbIX apTeplI5IX, 6plollJlloii aopTe II nOJJ.IWIO-
'IHlIHbIX apTepmIx - 60JlbllJIIe apTepl1lI BCPXHIIX 1I HlIlliHHX KOHell-
HocTeii 0611J1bHO cHa6llieHbl HepBal\llI, BXO)!.51Ill.lIl\llI no BceMY JJ.J1HHHHI<Y
cocy)!.a 13 neplIa,'J.BeHTlIuH3J1bHYIO TKaHb B BliJJ.e OTBeTBJleHHH coceJI.-
HIIX HepBHblx CT130JlOB II o6pa3YIOllI.IIl\III 3,'J.eCb CnJleTeIlHH, OT 1<0-
TOpbIX 60Jlec l\1eJlKlIe CTBOJlIIKH nepexoJJ.S1T B HapYlliHYIO 060JlOllKY
apTepHH. B Heii 113 B03HHKaIOIll.ero 3JJ.eCb CnJleTeHHH BblJJ.eJlHIOTCH
MHKOTHble BOJIOKHa, npOHlIKaIOIll.lIe 130 Bce CJlOH COCYJJ.lICTOli CTeHI<H
1I 06pa3YIOIll.He B HIIX pa3Ho06pa3HbIe peuenTopHbIe npH60pbI. B 9TOM
OTHOllJeHHH cTapble pa60Tbl 1I.eJleUeHa (Delezenne, 1897), BbJnOJl-
HeHHble IIM B YCJlOBIIHX onblTa C nepeKpecTHblM KpoBOo6paIll.eHHeM
H OTlIeTJlHBO nOKa3aBllJHe, liTO 6eJJ.peHH3H apTepHH 06J1aJJ.aeT lIYBCT-
8* 11.5
BHTeJIbHOCTbIO, nO,/J;TBep)!{,/J;eHbI MOpcpOJIOrHqeCKH B pa60TaX M. H. J1a-
nHHcKoro, a TaK)!{e H MHOrHX nOCJle,/J;YIOIlI,HX aI3TOpOB.
CeHqaC Mbl MO)!{eM C YBepeHHOCTbIO rOBopHTb 0 npOBO,/J;51ll1,HX
nYT5IX, 06eCneqHBaIOIlI,HX peu.enu.HIO 13 MarHCTpaJIbHhlX cocY,/J;ax KO-
HeqHOCTeH. B 3TOM OTHOIlleHl-IH oc06eHl-IO Ba)!{Ha 6e3YKopU3HeHHa51
pa60Ta C. C. EpIOCOBOH H B. B. Jle6e,/J;eHl\0 (1929), 13 1\0TOpOH Ol-IH
IIOKa3aJIH, qTO qYBCTBHTeJIhHhle HMnYJIhChl OT COCY,/J;OB 3a,/J;Heii 1\0-
HeqHOCTH nOCTynaIOT 13 coce,/J;Hue CMeIllaHHhle HepBhl, 3aTeM 13 COOT-
BeTCTBeHHhle cnUHHOM03rOBhle Y3JIhl, 13 3a,/J;Hue l<opeIllI\U U B cnUHHOH
M03r. ABTOphl ,/J;a)!{e YTOqHUJIU XO,/J; COCY,/J;UCThIX qYBCTBUTCJIhHhlX
HMnYJIhCOB no nepe,/J;He-601\0BhIM cToJI6aM 6eJIoro BeIll,eCTBa CBoeH
H npoTUBOnOJIO)!{HOH CTOpOHhl cnUHHoro M03ra.
3TU ,/J;aHHhle HaCTOJIhl\O TOqHO COOTBeTCTBYIOT ,/J;eHCTBUTeJIhHOCTU,
liTO Bce nOCJIe,/J;YIOIlI,Ue pa60ThI HBJIHIOTCH HX a6COJlIOTHhiM no,/J;-
TBep)!{,/J;eHHeM. Oc06eHHO ,/J;0l\a3aTeJIhHhl B 3TOM OTHOLUeHl-IH 3l\Cne-
pHMeHTaJIhHO- MOpcpOJIOrH qeCKHe HCCJIe,/J;OBaHH 51, ,/J;eMOHCTpH PYIOIlI,l1e
J).ereHepau.HIO peu.emopOB 13 COCY,/J;HCTOH CTeHKe npH nepepe31\e nepH-
<!JepHqeCI\HX HepBOB H ,/J;OKa3hlBaIOIlI,l1e (13 onhlTax C Y,/J;aJIeHHeM cnHHHO-
M03rOBhIX Y3JIOB) npHHaJVle)!{HOCTh 3THX peu.enTopOB BOJIOI\l-IaM-
OTpOCTl\aM I\JIeTOl\, JIe)!{aIll,HX 13 CnHHaJIhHhlX raHrJIH5IX (E. K.OJIeq-
KOBa, 1948a, 6; T. A. fpHropbeBa, 1948, 1952).
MopcpOJIOmqeCKHe oc06eHHocTH CnJIeTeHI1H, pacnOJIO)!{eHHhiX B
HapY)!{HhIX qaCT5IX MhlIlleqHOH 060JIOql\H 6e,/J;peHHoH H nJIeqeBOH
apTepHH H HX BeTBeH, COBna,/J;aIOT C oc06eHHoCTHMH CnJIeTeHHH, Ha-
XO,/J;51Il1,HXC5I Ha MhIIlleqHhIX nJIaCTI-IHaX B CTeHl\aX 60JIee npOK-
CHMaJIbHhlX COCY,/J;OB. 11 TaM, H 3,/J;eCh 3TO rYCThIe CnJIeTeHl-IH TOHI\HX
6e3M5IKOTHhIX CTBOJIHI\OB, O,/J;eThIX 06Il1,eH llIBaHHOBCKOH 060.IJOQKOH,
nOBTOpHO BeTBHllI,HeCH H OT,/J;aIOIll.He KOHeqHhie BeTBH K MhIllIeqHblM
3JIeMeHTaM, Ha KOTOpbIX 3TH BeTBH H 3al\aHqHBaIOTC5I. PaBHO Kal\
H B aopTe, 3TH CnJIeTeHH5I 51BJI5IIOTC5I OTpOCTKaMH I\JIeTOI\ COOTBeT-
CTBeHHhIX CHMnaTHqeCKHX Y3JIOB. TaK, HanpHMep, JVl51 nepe,/J;HefI
JIanhl c06aKI-I 3TO HeHpl-IThI KJIeTOl\, JIe)!{alll,l-IX B gangl. stellatum
(Derom a. Grimson, 1939).
06ll1,I-IH nJIaH I-IHHepBau.I-IOHHhIX OTHOllieHI-IH B 60JIee npOI\CI-IMaJIh-
HbiX H 60JIee ,/J;I-ICTaJIhHhIX qaCT5IX MarHCTpaJIhHhlX COCy,/J;OB nO,/J;I{pen-
JI5IeTC5I 1-1 06ll1,I-IM £1JIaHOM HX CTpOeHI-I5I. TaK, Hanpl-IMep, 13 6e,/J;peH-
HOH apTepHI-I HMeeTC5I elll,e qepe,/J;OBaHl1e MhlIlleqHhlX H KOJIJIareHOBO-
9JIaCTJ11leCKHX 1\0Hu.eHTpHqeCKI-IX nJIaCTHH, 06pa3YIOliLHX ee cpe,/J;HIOIO
060JIOqKY. O,/J;HaI\O Ha,/J;O CKa3aTh, qTO MhlllIeqHhle nJIaCTHHhl 13 Hei!
J).eJIaIOTC5I OTHOCHTeJIbHO TOJIllI,e, MhlIlleqHhle 3JIeMeHThi 13 HHX pac-
nOJIaraIOTC5I ynop5l,/J;OQeHHee, XOT5I HeKOTOpa51 TeH,/J;eHu.H5I K 3a-
,BHXpeHH5IM COXpaH5IeTC5I elll,e H 3,/J;eCh.
MarHcTpaJIhHhle COCY,/J;hl npoHHKalOT 13 opraHhI, BeTB5ITC5I B HHX
,II nocreneHHo npeBpaIll,aIOTC5I B HCTHHHhle opraHHble COCY,/J;hl, Heno-
,cpe,/J;cTBeHHo 06ecne l IHBaIOllI,Ue ,/J;aHHOMY opraHY 06MeH Belll,eCTB.
HeT HHKaKHX OCHOBaHHH CqHTaTh COCY,/J; opraHHhlM C MOMeHTa BXO,/J;a
ero B BopOTa opraHa, TaK I\al\ OR elll,e ,/J;OJIro BhmOJIH5IeT <PYHKU.llIO
pac pe,/J;eJIeHHH KpOBH H JIHIllh nOCJIe OqeHh Ba)!{HhIX npe06pa30-
..116
BaHiIlI B ero KaJII16pe H CTpoem-IH CTeHKH npu06peTaeT cnoc06HOCTb
npm-IHMaTb Y'IaCTHe B 06MeHe opraHa. npe06pa30BaHliSI CTeHl\H CO-
npOBO)j{.n:aIOTCSI nOSlBJlel-IHeM u.eJloro p5l.n:a oc06eHHOCTeH, 06ecne-
'IHBaIOIll.HX TeCllbill hOHTaKT cocy.n:OB C napeHXHMOH opraHa, T. e.
u.eJIoro pSl.n:a CBOHCTB, He npHCYIll.HX ManICTpaJlbHbIM COCy.n:aM.
n03TOMY Bce apTepHH opraHOB .n:o MOMeHTa B03HHKHOBeHHSI B HHX
9THX HOl3bIX MOp(pC)JIOm'IeCKHX 'IepT, 06eCneq1IBaIOIll.HX HX HOBbIe
cpYHKIUiOHaJlbHble3a.n:a'IH, OTHeceHbI HaMH B rpynny MamCTpaJlbHbIX
cocy.n: OB .
O.n:HaKO MarucTpaJlbHble apTepliH B opraHax OTJlH'IaIOTCSI OT CBOI-IX
60Jlee npOKCHMaJlbHblX 'IaCTeH SlBHblM npe06J1a.n.aHHeM MbIllIe'IHblX
9JIeMeHTOB B lIX CTeHKax. KOJlJlareHOBO-3J1aCTH'IeCKHe nJlaCTHHbI
npona.n:aIOT, 3J1eMeHTbI HX B BH.n:e KOJlJlareHOBbIX H 3JIaCTHqeCKHX
BOJIOKOH pacnpeAeJI5IIOTCSI cpe.n:H MblllIeqHbIX KJleTOK cpe.n:HeH 060-
J10'IKH H oc06eHHo 06HJIbHO B coe.n:m-IHTeJIhHOH TKaHH tunica adven-
titia. Y.n:eJIbHbIH Bec MbIllIe'IHblX 3JIeMeHTOB B CTel-Il<e cocy.n:a B03pa-
CTaeT, OT'Iero YBeJIH'IHBaeTcSI OTHOCHTeJIbHaSl TOJlIll.lIHa CTeHKH. Ma-
rHCTpaJIbHbIe apTepuH opraHoB - 3TO 06blQHO COCYJJ:bI, 06JIa.n:aIOllI.He
CpaBHllTeJIbHO Y3KlIM npocBeToM no OTHomeHHIO K 06Ill.eMY .n:HaMeTpy
H TOJIIll.I1He CTeHI<H.
.LI.IlHal\IllI\a MopcpoJIOm'Iecl<lIx H3MeHeHHH MamCTpaJlbHbIX ap-"
TepHH B opraHax 3aKJlIOQaeTC5I B TOM, 'ITO no Mepe HX BeTBJIeHHli
I-I YMeHbllIeHH5I KaJIH6pa y HIIX YMeHbliiaeTC5I 'IHCJlO MblllIe'IHbIX CJIOeB
B cpe.n:HeH 060JloQl<e. KOHeQHbIe BeTBH 3TlIX apTepHH npe.n:CTaBJISlIOT
C060H MaJIeHbKHe apTepHli C O.n:HHM CJIOeM rJIa.n:I<OMbIllIeQHbIX KJIeTOK,
nJIOTHO, 6e3 npOMe)j{YTKOB, npHJIe)j{al.l.l,HX .n:pyr K .n:pyry. TOJIbKO
C 3Toro 3Tana Ha'IlIHaIOTC5I pe3KHe H3MeHeHH5I B CTpoeHlfH apTepll-
aJIbHOH CTeHKH, BbIpa)j{aIOllI.HeCSI B pa3pe)j{eHHll MblllIe'IHblX 3J1eMeH-
TOB II B 06Ha)j{eHHH 3H.n:OTemISl.
I1HHepBau.HOHHbIe OTHOllIeHHSI B MamCTpaJIbHbIX cocy.n:ax opra-
HOB npOCJle)j{eHbl lIaMll KaK Ha c06CTBeHHbIX npenapaTax, Tal< II no
MHoroQHCJIeHHbIM JIHTepaTypHblM I-ICTO'IHHKaM. 06'beI<TOM HallIllX
llCCJle.n:OBaHHH 6bIJIH B OCHOBHOM COCy.n:bI cep.n:u.a, KO)j{H, CKeJIeTHOH
MbIllIU.bl II nHllI.eBapHTeJlbHOrO TpaKTa, 06CJIe.n:OBaHHble B pa3JIH'I-
HblX YCJIOBlIS1X .n:eHepBau.HH opraHa - npH .n:eacpcpepeHTau.llH II npll
.n:eCHMnaTH3au.lIH. JlHTepaTYPHble )j{e .n:aHHble H MeIOTCSI no OTHOllIeHHIO
K cocy.n:aM Bcex opraHOB.
no OTHOllIeHHIO KG BceM apTeplI5IM .n:aHHOH KaTerOpllI-I Ha.n:O
CKa3aTb, 'ITO OCHOBHbIM MeCTOM pacnOJIQ}/{eHHSI conpOBO)j{.n:aIOllI.HX
llX HepBHblX CnJleTeHHH SlBJl5IeTC5I UX HapY}l<HaSl 060Jlo'IKa. B Hell
H;J.YT II 60.lee I<pynHbIe, H 60Jlee MeJIKHe HepBHble CTBOJIbI, aHaCTO-
M03HPYIOllI.He .n:pyr c .n:pyroM 11 co, ep)j{alll.He KaK MSlKoTHble, TaK
II 6e3M5IKOTHbIe BCJIOKHa (pHC. 102 H 103).
Tal<He )j{e KapTllHbI BI1.n:eJlll MHorHe aRTopbI: II.. A. TllMocpeeB
(1894) - B testis, A. C. .LI.oreJIb (1898), fJIa3ep (1926), HeTJIllIHn
(Nettlship, 1936) - B KopOHapHblx apTepH5IX, 11. 11. K03J10BCKHH
(1900) - B nHIll.eBo.n:e, HOHu.n:eu. (1935b) - B I.l.I,HTOBI1.n:HOH )j{eJIe3e,
AJleKcaH.n:ep (Alexander, 1945) - B Ta30BbIX opraHax, MYllJl.n:ep
liT
CMuylder, 1948) - 13 n04he, A. M. JlHxoBeUKIli-i (1948) - 13 MHrKoH
M03roBoH 060JlOlJKe, K. H. 4epHhlUleBa (1952) - 13 nelJeHl1,
E. A. Bop06heBa (1953) - 13 nOJV!{eJIy.n:OlJHOH )KeJle3e, 11. B. Top-
CKaSI (19536) - 13 CaJlhHI1Ke. Oepe l ll1CJleHHhle aBTophl OnllChlBaIOT
B HapylliHhlx 060JlOlJKaX apTepllif 3TI1X oprm-IoB MOlll,Hhie CnJleTe-
HI1SI, 06pa30BaHHhle nYlJKaMI1 MSIKOTHhlX II 6e3MSIKoTHhlX HepBHhlx
BOJlOKOH.
Ha 60JlhUlHHCTBe MarIlCTpaJlhHhlX apTepnii opraHoB 3TI1 HepBHhle
CnJleTeHlISI .n:OCTllraIOT TaKOH rycToThl II nJIOTHOCTlI, lITO OHII npeBpa-
ll1.aIOTCSI KaK 6hl 13 MaHTlUl, liaKI1HYThle Ha COCy.n:hl (pIiC. 102 11 103).
Cpe.n:11 rycToro nepenJleTeHIISI HepBlIhlx nYlJKOB B HlIX MO}!{HO JlerKO
pa3J1l1lJIITh MSIKOTHhle 11 6e3MSIKOTHhle BOJlOKHa. XYlITep (Hunter,
1900, 1901) npe.n:JlaraeT Ha3hIBaTh HepBlIhle CnJleTeHHSI, conpoBolli-
.AaIOll1.He COCy, hl pia mater II ceporo Bell1.eCTBa rOJIOBHOro M03ra,
HepBHhlMII 060JlOliKaMI1 - TaK rYCTO paCnOJlOlliellhl 13 HlIX HepBHhle
BOJlOKHa.
KaK 11 13 60Jlee npOKCHMaJlhHhlX MarllCTpaJlhHhlX cocy;J.ax, 11 13
opraHax HepBllOe conpoBolli.n:eHlle apTepHii Bce BpeMSI nOnOJlHSIeTCSI
3a ClJeT npllcoe;J.I1HeHI1SI K CnJleTeHIllO 13 tunica adventitia 113 OKPy-
)KaIOll1.eH TKaim HOBhlX HepBHhlx CTBOJlIIKOB. OIII-Ico.n:eplliaT 11 MSIKOT
Hhle, H 6e3MSIKOTHhle BOJlOKHa.
Opl1po.1J.a ::nIlX MOlll,HhlX cnJleTeHllii BCKphIBaeTcSI 13 31{CnepIlMeH-
Te - npl1 y.n:aJleHl1l1 Y3J10B CIiMnaTlIlJeCIWH uenOlllm 13 HIIX .n:ereHepll-
PYIOT MHOrIle 6e3MSIKoTlIhle BOJlOlma, paBllo KaK Ii 13 npI1Coe.n:I1HSIIO-
Ill.I1XCSI K 3THM CnJleTeHI1SIM CTBOJIlIKaX 113 OKpYJKaIOll1.eH TKaHI1
(pl1c. 103).
MSIKoTHhle BOJlOlma, Haxo.n:SIll1.l1eCSI 13 HepBI-IhlX CnJleTeHIlSIX 13
tunica adventitia MarIlCTpaJlhHhlX apTepllH opraHoB, 06pa3YIOT
lJYBcTBliTeJlhHhle OKOHlJaHIISI, paCnOJlOllieHHhle 1IJ111 3.n:eCh )Ke 13 Ha-
PYlliHOH I1X 060JlOlJKe, llJlI1 npoHHI<aIOll1.l1e 13 cpe.n:HIOIO 11 npl1xo.n:SI-
ll1.lIe 13 KOHTaKT C MhlUle l lHhlMI1 3J1eMeHTaMH. ECJlII pellh l1.n:eT 0 peuen-
Topax 13 tunica adventitia, TO Mhl BI1.n:I1M 06hllJHO npOCTpaHCTBeHHO
npOTSI}KeHHhle BeTBJleHI1SI CpaBHIITeJIhHO TOJlCThlX, nOTepSIBUlI1X
MSIKOTh, BOJlOlWH, KOHueBhle HI1TlI KOTOphlX, IICTOHlJaSICh, .n:aJleKO TSI-
HYTCSI no cocy.n:y.
BCTpelJalOTCSI cpe.'UI HllX 11 peuenTopHhle annapaThl 13 cpopMe
.ApeBOBH.n:HhIX pa3BeTBJleHll H.
PeuenTophl B MhlUlelJHOll 060JlOlJKe nOCTpoeHhl TOHhUle - 06hllJHO
3TO 60Jlee OrpaHlllJeHI-Ihle I<YCTI1KI1 C HelliHhlMI1 BeTB5IMI1, 3aKaHlJl1-
B1IOlUI1MI1CSI neTeJlhKal\lII II MaJleHhKI1MII YTOJlIll.eIIlISIMI1, conpHl<acaIO-
Ill.IIMI1CSI C MhlUlellHhlMIl I{JleTKaMI1. Talme KYCTI1KI1 MorYT JlelliaTh
li30Jll1pOBaHHO 13 TOJllUe MhlUlelJHOii 060JIOlJKI1. Ho cnJlOUlb 11 pSI.n:OM
BII.n:HO, lJTO OHI1 SIBJlSIlOTCSI lJaCTbIO 60Jlee 06UlIIpllhlX lJYBCTBI1TeJlh-
HhlX IWHueBhlX 06pa30BaHi-IfI, OCHOBHaSJ Macca IWTOPblX Jle}KIIT
B tunica adventitia. Ha pilC. 104 13 1I.n:1I0 , KaK TOJlCTOe M5IKOTHOe
BOJlOKHO 3aKaH l ll1BaeTCSI I\OMnaKTHhlM KYCTI1KOM B HapYJKHOH 060-
JlOlJKe CpaBHI1TeJlbHO KpynHoH KopoHaplloii apTepll1l npaBoro npe.n:-
cep.n:I151; .ABe )Ke BeTOlllm 113 3Toro KYCTI1Ka yrJly6J151I0TCSI B TOJlll1.Y
118
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Iii
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.
...
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. I
--.;,
...
...
'.
PIIC. 102. MafllCTpa.1bHaH apTepllH K01KII. COnpOB01K,/\aIOIllee ee
HepBlioe cn.1eTelllle. MIIKpOllJOTO (06. lOx, OK. lOx).
, .
- . - .
.. ""- .."' .. .J;:\ )
./ ... t .... \ . 1 'u'1
...
<" ' c;'l e,cb 800
--- .. . \\ i \\\\\\\\\ \
;." -' ": l \\ ., \ .,
--::- .... -. - '1t."" . It \ \: '
., __ ,",, \ {. ._ .' t: .
... ....."'.....c.. ... _" .. ..
-#. ... '"':! .. ';t ..t ...t.\'Ibl".. . ' \ '
- .# - '-. ...... fC'..."": ... , ,:: ""\' "'....
. .....-,..;; J "'.. . ( . ... .. ..:' !
, ", . ..,-":"- -." ,, ;;... ,. \-... ..
- _ 'iC. .r.,. . ".d'!,\..o..:. . .. .
_ - ,.... .: . .,. . ,,\._ '-A':! __ - r...-
--:;.- =--..:.;;;; r,:s-' ..... - . ..... ' -..
.-........._ _"J' 1, .......
, . J j
o
I
l
PIIC. 103. KpynllaH lliarnCTpa.1LllaH apTepliH KO>KII. COnpOBO>K,'J.alO-
Illee ec lIepBlloc cn. eTeIiIiC nonO.1IlHeTCH 113 coceJ\IIIIX lIepBlibIX
CTBO.1I1KOD. CIIMII3T1l'leCKHC Bo.rIOKlla ,/\erellepllpYIOT BC.JIe,/\CTBlie ,/\C-
ellMnaTll33111111 (00. 45 x ,OK. 7 X; p1iCOBa.1bllblH 3nn3paT lIa ypOBlie
CTO.1a; npll ne1JaTiI Ylllell LllleliO B P/2 pa3a).
119
Mblllle1IHOH 060JlOIIKH, r,ll,e H 3::IK3WII1B310TC5I - O,ll,H3 T3K)Ke KY-
CTHKOM, ,lI,pyr3H He)KllbIM p33BCTBJleHHCM H3 MblllleIIHbIX KJleTK3X.
B JlHTep3Type, K3K Y)Ke CK333110, HMeIOTC5I CBe,ll,eHHH OTHOCHTeJlb-
HO IIYBCTBHTeJlbHOH HlmepB3UHH M3rHCTp3J1bHbIX COCY,lI,OB nOIITH
BCeX OpraHOB. DP3B,lI,3, Cpe,ll,H p360T, nOCB5Illl.eHHbIX 3TOMY Bonpocy,
M3J10 3KCnepHMeHT3J1bHbIX. lhBeCTHO, IITO CT3pbIe 3BTOpbI nOJlb30-
B3J1HCb ,lI,BYMH KpHTCpHHMH ,lI,JlH OTHCCeHH5I HepBHbIX BOJlOKOH II OKOH-
II3HHH B rpynny 3cpcpepellTHbIX: BHelllHHM BII,lI,OM H TJITIOM KOHT3KT3
"'"
.......
.... .
....
.
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.....
... \£;. Jf
'....
..II. .
v:".,. .
..) "-
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"-
. :::;- ..
.. .: , . ., ..: . . .. t
-1
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;
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-:.;,.
PHe. 104. MarHcTpaJlbliaH BeTBb KopoHaplioH apTepli1l
B npaBoM npe,/\cep,/\HII. PeuenTopllbIH npu60p B ee lIapy)!{-
HOH II epeJl,lIeH 060JlO1JKe (00. 60x, OK. 15x; pIlCOBaJlb-
IIblH annapaT lIa ypoBlie CTOJla).
C HHHepBHpyeMoH TK3HbI0. .QpeBOBII.ll,lIble OKOH l 13HH5I p33110H cpOpMbl
H CJlO)KHOCTH, npHH3,l1,Jle)K31ll.He TOJlCTblM MHKOTHblM BOJlOKH3M H p3C-
nOJlO)KeHHble HJlH HenOCpe,ll,CTBeHHO B COe,ll,HHHTeJlbHOH TK3HH, HJlH
B TOHKHX cOe,ll,HHHTeJlbHOTK3HHbIX npOCJlOHK3X Cpe,ll,H n3peHxHM3-
T03HblX 3"1eMeHTOB opr3H3, K KOTOpblM OHH nOCblJl3l0T CBOH KOHeIIHbIe
BeTBH, KB3J1HcpHlJ.HpOB3J1HCb 3THMII 3BTOp3MH K3K IIYBCTBHTeJlbHble.
DOCJle,ll,YIOllJ.HH 3KcnepHMeHT3J1bllbll1 3H3J1H3 nOK333J1, IITO :T3-
pble 3BTOpbl HH P33Y He 01llH6J1I1Cb, OTIIOC5I TO HJIlI HHoe OKOHII3HHe
K rpynne peu.enTopOB.
H3H60Jlee p3HHHe YK333HHH H3 IIYBCTBHTeJlbHYIO HHHepB3u.HIO
M3rHCTp3J1bHbIX COCY,ll,OB opr3HOB OTHOCHTC5I K M03ry Hero 060JlOII-
KaM. EllJ.e B 1893 r. B. B. ¥1B3HOB OTMeTHJI H3J1I1IlHe TeCHoro KOHT3KTa
120
COCY):\OB M03rOBblX o60JlOlJeK H TOJlCTbIX MHKOTHbIX BOJlOKOH. He-
CKOJlbKHMII rO):\aMH n03)Ke Xy6ep (Huber, 1899) CPe):\H HepBHbIx
OKOHlJaHHH, cOnpOBO)K):\aIOIll.HX cocY):\b1 M03ra, OTJlHlJaJl peuenTopbl
no HX npHHa):\Jle)KHOCTH K TOJlCTbIM MHKOTHbIM BOJlOKHaM. Pa60Tbl
Xy6epa JIHTepeCHbI TeM, lJTO OH 06CJle):\OBaJl nepHMYCKYJlHpHbIe
HepBHbIe CnJleTeHHH M03rOBblX COCY):\OB, Hero YKa3aHHH Ha HaJlHlJHe
B HX COCTaBe MHKOTHbIX BOJlOKOH, 6e3MHKOTHble pa3BeTBJleHHH
KOTOpbIX BXO):\HT B conpHKOCHOBCHHe C rJla):\KOMblillelIHblMH KJleT-
KaMH COCY):\3, HBJlHlOTCH npHMblM YTBep)K):\eHHeM lJYBCTBHTeJlbHOH
HHHepBaUHH MblIllelJHOH 060JlO'IKH cocy):\a. B 3TO )Ke BpeMH 6bIJlO
c):\eJlaHO H ):\Pyroe HHTepeCHoe Ha6J110):\eHHe - MOpHCOH (Morison,
1898) OnHCaJl B MHrKoH M03roBoH 060JlOlJKe OKOHlJaHHH peuenTop-
HOH npHpo):\bI, npe):\cTaBJleHHbIe BeTBJleHHHMH O):\Horo H Toro)Ke BO-
JlOKHa H pacnOJlO)KeHHbIe Ha cocy):\e H pH):\OM C HHM B coe):\HHHTeJlbHOH
TKaHH, T. e. TO, lJTO BnOCJle):\CTBHH nOJlYlJHJlO Ha3BaHHe nOJlHBaJleHT-
Horo peuemopa (13. 11. J1aBpeHTbeB,1943, 1944; A. M. J1HxoBeUKHH,
1948; A. C. AJlbTIllYJlb, 1948; E. K. DJlelJKOBa, 1948a). I1HHepBaumo
MarHCTpaJlbHbIX COCY):\OB M03rOBblX 060JlOlJeK H3YlJaJl H H. JJ.. JJ.OB-
rHJlJlO (1932). KOHueBble pa3BeTBJleHHH TOJlCTbIX MHKOTHbIX BOJlOKOH,
HMelOillHe <POPMY KYCTOB H pacnOJlO)KeHHbIe B tunica adventitia
apTepHH, JJ.oBrHJlJlO OTHOCHT K lJYBcTBHTeJlbHbIM OKOHlJaHHHM.
EYill (Busch, 1938), OKpaIllHBaH HepBbl, KaK H H. JJ.. JJ.oBrHJlJlO,
MeTHJleHOBOH CHHbKOH, o6HapY)KHJI B CTeHKax COCY):\OB 060JlOlJeK
M03ra TOHKHe 6e3MHKOTHbIe BOJlOKHa, nOXO)KHe Ha Ba30MOTopHble
BHelJepenHbIx COCY):\OB II 60Jlee TOJlCTbIe, o6pa3YIOllJ,He cBo60):\Hble
OKOHlJaHHH lJyBcTBHTeJlbHOrO THna.
MeTo):\ cepe6pHHoH HMnpernaUJIH ):\JlH H3YlJeHHH HepBoB cocy):\a
M03ra npHMeHHJI KJlapK (Clark, 1928, 1929, 1931, 1933). Ha Ma-
rHCTpaJlbHblX cocy):\ax o60JlOlJeK H BeIll.eCTBa M03ra OH o6HapY)KHJI
):\peBoBH):\HbIe pa3BeTBJleHHH TOJlCTblX MHKOTHbIX BOJlOKOH. Do-
):\06HO MOPIlCOHY, KJlapK B OllHOH H3 CBOHX pa60T (1931) yKa3bl-
BaeT Ha o6pa30BaHHe O):\HHM BOJlOKHOM llBYX OKOHlJaHHH - Ha BeHe
H 6J1H)KaHilleM YlJaCTKe coellHHHTeJlbHOH TKaHH.
DOlJTH o):\HoBpeMeHHo C KJlapKOM DeH<pHJI):\ (Penfield, 1932,
1935), BbIpa60TaB cneUHaJlbHYIO MO):\II<pHKaumo MeTo):\a (1935), onll-
caJl TllnHlJHbIe lJYBCTBHTeJlbHbIe OKOHlJaHHH B <popMe HJlH pacnpocTpa-
HeHHbIX, HJlH KOMnaKTHblX KYCTOB B CTeHKax KpynHblx MarHCTpaJlb-
HblX apTepllii M03ra (a. cerebri media, apTepHH Jl06HbIX ):\OJleH
II substantia perforata anterior).
CpaBHHTeJlbHO He):\aBHO EaKaH (1941) B 3KcnepHMeHTaJlbHOH
pa60Te nOKa3aJl, lJTO MHKOTHbIe BOJlOKHa 06pa3YIOT B CTeHKax apTe-
pHH MHrKOH M03rOBOH 060JlOlJKH lJYBCTBHTeJlbHble OKOHlJaHHH.
Oco6eHHO nOJlHO II nOllpo6HO H3YlJHJI peuenTopHble npH60pbI
apTepHH MHrKOH M03roBOH 060JlOlJKH A. M. J1HxoBeUKHH
(1939, 1948).
B OCHOBHOM ero BblBOllbl CBOllHTCH K TOMY, lJTO TOJlCTbIe MSlKOT-
Hble BOJlOKHa cHa6)KaJOT CTeliKY apTepJIH CJlO)KHO YCTpoeHHblMH pa3-
BeTBJleHHHMH a<p<pepeHTHOH npHpO):\bI.
121
He,n:aBHO 10. H. CJIenKOB (1953B) 06HapY:>KIIJI, liTO apTepl-IIi
HH:>KHe-6pbUKeeliHOrO Y3JIa lIe.nOBeK3 cHa6:>KCHbI peu.enTopaMn.
KopOHapHbIe apTepHli, MarIlCTpaJILlIaH npHpo,n:a KOTOpblX Bbl-
cTynaeT OlleBH,n:Hee, lIeM r,n:e-.TJH60 B ,n:pyraM opraHe, paBHbIM 06pa30M
06JIa.ll.aJOT MOIII.HOii lIYBCTBHTCJIbHOH IIHHepBau.lleii. EIII.e A. C. llOreJIb
(1897a, 6, 1898) onllca.1 B HX HapY:>Klloi1: H cpe.ll.Hell 060JIOliKaX
,n:peBoBH,n:Hble pa3BCTBJIellllH TOJ1CTblX MHKOTHblX BOJIOKOH. llaHHble
A. C. llOreJIH nOJIYlllI.111 no,n:TBep)J{)].cHlle B pa60Tax rJIa3epa (1926),
HeTJIllmna (1936, 1948a), E. K. DJIe'IKOBOii (1936a, 6,1942, 19-14a,6,
1948a) H 11. A. 4epBoBoii (1950). HeTJIlllHIT II oc06eHHO
E. K. DJIeliKOBa Ii II. A. LIcpBoBa B 3KcnepHMciiTe nOKa3aJIH, liTO
KYCTHKOBH,n:HbIe H .lI.peBOBH.lI.HbIe OKOlillaHHH TOJICTblX MHKOTHblX BO-
JIOKOH B tunica adventitia H tunica media apTepnii cep,n:u.a ,n:eikTBH-
TeJIbHO HBJIHIOTCH .peuenTopaMn. l'\1Horne H3 HHX nO.ll.BeprmOTcH nepe-
pO)J{)].eHHlO nOCJIe y,n:aJIeHIIH BepxHe-rpY.ll.HblX CnJIHHOM03rOBblX Y3JIOB.
4YBcTBHTeJIbHaH liHHepBau.IIH MarIlCTpaJIbHbIX apTepnii opraHoB
,n:blxaHIIH H3YlleHa B pa60Tax JIapceJIa (Larsell, 1921, 1935), JIap-
ce.na H lloy (Dow, 1933), rcifJIopa (Gaylor, 1934) II 10. 11. Cnen-
KOBa (1953 r.). Bce OIiH YK33bIBaJOT, KaK H A. r. Ara6a60B (1893)
B CBoe BpeMH, liTO nMeHHO TOJICTbIe MHKOTlible BOJIOKHa, nOTepHB MH-
KOTb, pacna,n:alOTCH Ha MHO:>KeCTBO BeTBell, 06pa3YlOIII.IIX 60JIblllHe
n MaJIeHbKHe, 60JIee npOCTble H 60JIee CJJO:>KHble KYCTHKH, pacnOJIaralO-
III.HeCH KaK B COe.ll.HHHTeJIbHOii TKaHH HapY:>KHOH 060JIOliKH cocY.ll.a,
TaK H Cpe.ll.H rJIa.ll.KOMblllleqHblX KJIeTOK era Cpe.ll.HeH 060JIOliKII. Bce
3TH aBTopbl OTHOCHT ,n:aHHblif BH,n: HepBHblX npH6opOB K lIYBCTBHTe.1b-
HblM OKOHlIaHHHM.
Do OTHOllleHHlO K MarHCTpaJIbHblM apTepHHM pH.lI.a ,n:pyrHx
opraHoB paBHbIM 06pa30M HMelOTCH YKa3aHHH Ha HX 06IIJIbHOe
HepBHoe cHa6:>KeHHe n Ha npHcYTcTBHe Cpe.ll.H HX HepBHblx npn60poB
TOJICTblX MHKOTHblX BOJIOKOH, 06pa3YloIII.HX CBOHMII 6e3MHKoTHblMH
BeTBHMH BceB03MO:>KHOii cpOpMbl n npOTH:>KeHHOCTH KOHu.eBbIe KY-
CTHKH. TaK, C. MIIXaHJIOB (1908a) BH.lI.e.n .lI.peBOBH.lI.Hble annapaTbl
Ha KOHu.ax TOJICTbIX MHKOTHbIX BOJIOKOII B HapY:>KHOii 060JIOliKe
aprepHii MOlieBora nY3bIPH. CnJIeTeIIlfH, B COCTaBe KOTOpbIX 6bIJIII
n TOJICTbIe MHKOTHbIe BOJIOKHa C peu.enTopHblMIl OKOlIlIaHHHMH,
onHcallbl B apTC'pHHX ceMeHHHKOB ll. A. THMocpeeBblM (1894),
JI. 51. DnHecoM (1940) II AJIeKCalI.lI.epOM (1945). DOCJJe.ll.lIlIH 3Kcne-
pHMeHTaJIbHO nOKa3aJI, liTO OHH np1iHa.ll.JIe)j{3T HepBlibIM KJIeTKaM
cnHHHOM03rOBblX Y3JIOB, lIeM nO;{TBep,':lHJI HX aqxpepeHTHYIO npHpO.ll.Y.
Oco6eHHO HHTepeCHa If ,n:OKa3aTCJILHa pa60Ta A. D. J\\acJ10Ba
(1950). Ha onHcaTe.nbHOM n 3KcneplfMeHTaJIbHOM (nepepe3Ka n. pu-
dendi) MaTepnaJIe OH H3YllnJI HHHCpBaU.HlO COCy,n:OB 3peKTII.1bHbIX
opraHoB. Oc06eHHo 6oraTa, no ero ,n:aHHblM, peu.enTOpal\fII HapY:>K-
HaH 060JIOliKa apTepHH. B HeH pacnOJIarmOTC5I oco6ble, CJIo:>KHoii
cpOpMbl KYCTHKIf, npnHa,n:JIc)j{3lll.lIe TOJICTblM M5II<OTHblM BOJIOKHaM.
ApTCpliH 3H.lI.OKpllHllblX opraHoB paBHbIM o6pa30M 06HJIbHO
CHa6:>KeHbI peu.enTopaMH. I1x BH,n:eJIH JI. 51. DHHec H K. HapoB-
qaTOBa (1931) B Ha,n:nOlleIIIlIfKe, HOHII,n:eu. (1935b) B III.IITOBH,n:HOii
122
:>KeJIe3e. Ii 3)J,eCb lJYBCTBHTeJlbHble OKOIllJaIlI1H I1MelOT cpOPMY CJIO>K-
HblX BeTBJIelll1H II npIlHa)J,Jle>KaT MHKOTHblM BOJIOKHaM.
4YBCTBHTeJIbHaH I1HHepBaUIIH BeTBeii: KpynHblx MarnCTpaJlbHblX
apTepHH KOHelJHOCTeH - apTepllii KO>KH H MbllIlU. - H3ytJeHa BYJI--
..n:ap)J,oM (1926), XaiiHcII p-!insey, 1930), YIIJIKIIHCOHOM (Wilkin-
son, 1934), TplOCKCOM (Truex, 1936) II KYHTU.OM 11 XaMI1JITOHOM
(Kuntz a. Hamilton, 1938). I1cCJle.ll.OBallllH 3T1iX aBTopoB )J,aJlH
CXO)J,HbIe pe3YJIbTaTbl: Be3.l1.C llYBCTBI1TCJIbHbIe npl160pbl npe)J,cTa-
BJIeHbl TOJICTblMII I1JIlI cpe)J,HIIMII MHKOTHblMn BOJIOImaMH, C lJYBCTBH-
TeJIbHblMH OKOHlJaHIIHMH B BII)J,e BeTBJleHIIH I1X 6e3MHKOTHblX Tep-
MHHaJIeH. 3KcnepHMeHTaJIbllblC I1CCJIe)J,OBaHIfH (XaHHCI1, YI1JIKIfH-
CO:1 II TploeKc) 3TO nO)J,TBep)J,I1JIII.
MamnpaJIbHble apTepHII opraHoB 06CJIe.ll.OBaHbl HaMIl II C u.eJIblO
BblHCHeHIIH IIX )J,Bl1raTeJIbHOH HHHepBaUl1lf. BbllIle Y>Ke YKa3b1Ba-
JIOCb, lJTO 3TII COCY)J,bl COnpOBO}K)J,310TCH OlJeHb MOIll.HblMlI HepBHblMII
CnJIeTeHII 51MII , pacnOJIO>KeHHblMII B tunica adventitia If npe)J,CTa-
BJIeHHblMII CnJIOlIlHbIM CJIOeM HepBHblX BOJIOKOH KaK MSlKOTHblX,
TaK l1 rJIaBHblM 06pa30M 6e3M5IKOTHbIX. OTHOCI1TeJIbHO MHKOTHblX
TBep)J,O YCTaHOBJIeHO, lJTO 3TO lJYBCTBl1TCJIbHble BOJIOKHa - OTpOCTKl1
KJIeTOK cnl1HaJIbHblX l1JIl1 KpaHIIaJIbllblX lJYBCTBl1TeJIbHbIX Y3JIOB.
TepHlOlll.I1C MHKOTb l1 06pa3YIOIll.He BceB03MO>KlIOii cpOpMbI peu.enTopbl
II B HapY}[{HOH, l1 B cpe.ll.Hdi 060JIOlJKe cocY)J,a.
5e3MHKOTHbie BOJIOKHa a.ll.BeHTl1L1.naJIbHbIX CnJIeTeHHii 06paIll.310T Ha
.ce6H BlllfMaHl1e CBodi O)J,HOTlInllOCTbIO: 3TO 011eHb TOHKl1e BOJIOKHa
O)J,I1HaKOBOro )J,lfaMeTpa, 06JIa)J,310Ill.I1e O)J,IIHaKOBbIM CpO.ll.CTBOM K a30T-
HOKIICJIOMY cepe6PY - B HOpM3JIbHbiX YCJIOBl1HX apreHTocpIlJIl1H HX
BblpmKeHa Hepe3KO. 4pe3BbIlJaifHO xapaKrepHblM )J,JIH HIIX HBJIHeTCSl
()6HJIIIe COnpOBO>K.lI.3IOIll.I1X IIX UlBaHHOBCKl1X H)J,ep. BOJIOKHa 3TH
()6De)J,HHeHbl B TOHeHbKl1e CTBOJIIIKl1, O.ll.eTble o6Il1.cii lIlBaHHOBCKOii
060JIOlJKOII.
B 3KcnepllMeHTe y)J,aeTCSl YCTaHOBIITb I1X cpYHKLl.l10HaJIbHoe 3Ha-
lIeHl1e. C 3TOii u.eJIblO npIlMeHHJIaCb )J,eClIMnaTl13aUIfH - Y)J,aJIeHHe
pa3JIIflJHblX )"3JIOB CIIMnaTJI1leCKOii u.enOlJKII - II IfCCJle)J,OBaHHe
opraHOB B CpOKl1, Kor)J,a Ha1I60JIee pe3KO BblpmKeHbl )J,erellepaTl1B-
'Hble HBJIeHIIH B CIIMnaTlIlJeCKIIX BOJIOKlIax. B 3Tl1X YCJIOBlIHX 06cJIe-
)lOBaHbI COCY.lI.bl cep)J,ua, nIIIlI.CBapl1TeJIbHOrO TpaKTa, KO>Kl1 If CKe-
2IeTHbiX MbIUlU.
YCTaHOBJIeHO, lJTO Bce 3Tl1 BOJIOKlia nepepmK)J,3IOTCH npl1 Y)J,a-
JIeHHlf COOTBeTCTBeHHblX CHMnaTlIlJeCKl1X Y3JIOB I1.11f npl1 nepepe3Ke
COOTBeTCTBeHHblX CIlMnaTIIlJeCKIIX HepBOB, npHlJeM nepepO>K.lI.3IOTCH
()HU CpaBHl1TeJIbIiO paHO nOCJIe nepepe3KH. II )J,ercnepaTIIBlIblii npo-
u.ecc B HIIX TelJeT 6bICTpO.
IT03TOMY Hal1JIYlIlIlHM CpOKOM )J,JIH 113YlIeHHH 3THX BOJIOKOH B
3KcnepIlMeHTe HBJIHlOTCSl BTOpble CYTKII nOCJIe onepaTIIBHoro BMe-
rnaTeJIbCTBa (40 - 48 1I3COB). B 3TO BpeMH xapaKTepHblii pacnaJI:
TOHKHX 6e3MHKoTlIblX BOJIOKOH n03BOJI5IeT npOCJIeJI:l1Tb l1X XO)J, BnJIOTb
JI:O OKOHlJaHl1ii, paBlIo KaK II cY.lI.b6y conpOBo}K)l3IOIll.HX IIX lllBaH-
HOBCKHX KJleTOK.
123
He06xo.ll.HMO OTMeTHTb, qTO 3TH TOHKHe 6e3MSIKOTHble BOJIOKHa
06"be.ll.HHeHHbIe B CTBOJIUKH, O.ll.eTble lllBaHHOBCKOii 060JIOqKOH
npe.ll.CTaBJISIIOTCSI O.ll.HHaKOBblMH B MarHCTpaJIbHblX apTepHSIX BCeX
H3yqeHHbIX OpraHOB. KOJIlfqeCTI3eHHaSI HX pa3HHu.a COBepllleHHO
SIBHO 3aBHClfT OT KOJIHqeC1Ba rJIa.ll.KOMbIllleqHblX 3JIeMeHTOB B con pO-
BO:>K.lI.aeMbIX HMIf COCY.lI.ax.
TIpH H3yqeHlfH .lI.eCHMnaTH3upOBaHHbIX COCY.lI.OB 06HapY}KHBaeTCSI
qTO 6e3MSIKOTHble BOJIOKHa a.ll.BeHTlIIUIaJIbHbIX CnJIeTCHHii nO.ll.Bep-
ralOTCSI .lI.ereHepaUHH (pHC. 103 If 105). PaBHbIM 06pa30M 06Hapy-
:>KHBaeTCSI, qTO OT 3TIfX a.ll.BeHTUUHaJIbllbIX CnJIeTeHIfH B Cpe.ll.HIOIO
060JIOqKY OTBeTBJISIlOTCSI TOHKHe CTBOJIHKH, KOTopbIe o6pa3YloT
CnJIeTeHHe y:>Ke B MbIlllCqHOH 060JIOqKe. B 60JIee nOBepxHocTHbIX
qaCTSIX ee 3TO CnJIeTeHHe COCTOHT elll.e JI3 TOHKUX CTBOJIIIKOB, B 60-
JIee rJIy60KHx - H3 OT.lI.eJIbHblX BOJIOKOH (pHC. 106).
I3pocaeTcSI B rJIa3a orpoMHoe KOJIlfqeCTBO lllBaHHOBCKHX SI.lI.ep
Cpe.ll.If nepeKpelll.UBaJOlll.IIXCSI If nepenJIeTaJOlll.HXCSI Me:>K.lI.Y c060"
BOJIOKOH, npo6eralOlll.HX B TOJIlll.e MbIllleqHOii 060JIOqKH. C03.l1.aeTC51
BneqaTJIeHHe, qTO Cpe.ll.H MbIlllCqUbIX 3JIeMeHTOB apTepIfH B O.ll.HOH
nJIOCKOCTH pacnOJIO:>KeH CHHUHTlIH If3 lllBaHHOBCKHX KJIeTOK, B npo-
TOnJIa3Me KOTOpblX H 6erYT IIH.lI.IIBIf.ll.yaJIbHble HepBHble BOJIOKHa
(pIfC. 106).
TIpH BHHMaTeJIbHOM If3yqeHUH B opraHax MaflfCTpaJIbHblX apTe-
pHH, KOTopble 06JIa.ll.alOT MHOroCJIoiiHOii Cpe.ll.HeH 060JIOqKOH, MO:>KHO
y6e.ll.UTbcSI B TOM, qTO TaKHe CHHUUTlf3JIbHbIe CTPYKTYPbI H3 lllBaH-
HOBCKUX KJIeTOK, CO.ll.ep:>Kalll.HX HepBHbIe BOJIOKHa, npOCJIaIIBalOT
MblllleqHYIO CTeHKY HeO.ll.HOKpanlO (TCM 60JIbllle, qeM OHa TOJIlll.e).
Ha pHC. 107 1f306pa:>KeHO O.ll.HO TaKoe CIfHUIITIfaJIbHOe lllBaIlHOB-
clme nOJIe C TOHKUMIf HepBHblMII BOJIOKHaMIf If3 cpaBHUTeJIbHO
KpynHoH MarHCTpaJIbHOH apTepHu KO:>KH. B HeM XOpOlllO BU.lI.Hbl "
H.lI.pa lllBaHHOBCKHX KJIeTOK, H 6erYlIJ.ue Cpe.ll.If HIfX TOHKHe 6e3MSI-
KOTHbIe BOJIOKHa.
OT 3TUX-TO nepeCJIaIfBaIOlll.IfX MblllleqHYlo 060JIOqKY CnJIeTeHIfH
If OTXO.ll.SIT TOHKHe BOJIOKHa, 06pa3YIOlll.Ife OKOHQaHIfSI Henocpe.n.-
CTBeHHO Ha MbIllleQHblX KJIeTKax. Ha puc. 107 3TH nOCJIe.ll.Hlfe Blf.ll.HbI
Ha npO.ll.OJIbHOM pa3pe3e tunica media, Ha puc. 108 - Ha nonepeq-
HOM. Ha 060HX BU.lI.HO, QTO .lI.BUraTeJIbHbIe OKOHQallHSI Jl.JlSI rJIa.ll.KO-
MbIllleQHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB COCY.ll.IfCTOH CTeHKI1 npe.ll.CTaBJISIIOT C060H HH-
.lI.HBH.lI.yaJIbHbIe, OQeHb TOHKHe 6e3MSIKoTHbIe BOJIOKOHUa, np06eraJo-
IlI.ue Cpe.ll.H MbIllleQHbIX KJIeTOK II OKaHQIfBaJOlll.IfeCSI npocTblMH crpyK-
TypaMH Ha If X nOBepXHOCTH. 3TH BOJIOKOHua BblXO.ll.SIT If3 CnJIeTeHIfH,
cHa6:>KeHHbIX 60JIbllllfM KOJIHQeCTBOM lllBaHHOBCKHX KJIeTOK, pacno-
JIO:>KeHHbIX c JI3BeCTHOH CHCTeMHOCTblO B BU.lI.e pa30CTJIaHHblX no
nJIOCKOCTH CHHu.UTueB, B KOTOpblX If np06er3l0T HepBHbIe BOJIOKHa.
OT HHX OTBeTBJISIlOTCSI BOJIOKOHua, 06pa3YIOlll.He MOTopHbie OKOHQa-
HIfSI, COnpOBO:>K.lI.aeMbIe lllBaHHOBCK0I1 npOTOnJIa3MOH.
TaKHM 06pa30M, H3 If3JIO:>KeHHOrO Ha.ll.O C.lI.eJIaTb BbIBO.ll., 'ITO B
MarHCTpaJIbHbIX cocY.ll.ax Bcex If3YQeHHblX opraHOB .lI.BIfraTeJIbHble
npH60pbl nOCTpoeHbl COBepllleHHO O.ll.HHaKOBO - 3TO OQeHb TOHKIfe
]24
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PIIC. 105. MarllCTpaJlbliaH apTepllH nIIUJeBO,'J.a. .ilBlIraTeJlbliOe
(;nJIeTelille (npenapaT E. 11. KOpbITlloro). .ilereliepaLlIlH ero BCJle,/\CTBHe
,/\eCIIMnaTII3aLlIlIl. MIIKpmpoTO (06. 45 X, OK. lOx).
· ,""",- " ' '\.. ".. \ ."... ',.'"" '.:. ......J: i J
.!! .. '---A' .. I., t., )' , ....j\.'" "4 · iI'<: · ' '
-L¥' _ ... ''''. \:..... _... .....r.
... <'1. ...... f1 "'.. " .. \ ""*- " I,.-'i..... ........
. ' . " #., ,.. '. 'to'. ','" , r '" ......'.'
i.t : ::, \ 'l". ,;.-, {'"' ." ..;,,; " ..,,..., '" r,
I I 'r". \, - \.
f . '.j ". .. " .. f' . ",.
, , . JrIII"'''' '; .It,
#" I '. .. III!.....\..,..
"L # . .. ...:.... , ' -;t ;. ., t .....
# r t" .... ";v-""
/ ':(tYf .:
\;: " . . ' !1 -
' ..:.. ., t .' ,
\ ,.,::- -
. ..a'
1
I
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PIIC:' 106. MaJlellbKaH MarllCTpaJIbliaH apTepllH KO)KII. CHMnanl'le-
.cKaH ,/\ellepBaLlIlH. .ilereHepaI\IIH ,Il,BllraTe.'IbllOrO CnJleTellllH (06. 100 x,
IIMM., OK. lOx; pllCOBaJlbllblii annapaT lIa ypoBlie CTOJIa; YMelibUJeHo
npll ne'laTH B 4 pa3a).
125
6e3MHKOTHbIe lIepBHble 130JIOKHa, OKall'IIIBaJOIII.lleCH HenOcpe,lI,CTBeH-
HO Ha r JIaJ\KOMbIIlle'lHbIX KJICTKaX, BbIIlle.l\Illlle H3 nepeCJIaHBaJOIII.HX
tunica media CnJ1eTeIlHH, conpOBO>K.l\aCMble CHHu.UTHaJ1bHO CBH3aH-
HbIMH .l\Pyr C .l\pyroM IllBaHHOBCKIIMJI KJ1eTKaMH.
HaMil H3Y'leHbI ManlCTpaJ1bHbIe apTepuH TOJ1bKO cep.l\ua, mnu.e-
BapHre.TJbHOrO TpaKTa, nO'lKII II CKeJIeTlIblX MbIIllU. B JIllTepaType
HMeIOTCH YKa3amiH Ha xapaKTep .'(l3uraTe.11bHOii HHlIepBaUIIIl COCY.l\OB
H .l\pyrnx opralloB.
TaK, AH.l\pIl3CII (AndriezeII, 1894) YKa3bIBaJ1113 HaJ1H'IHe Me:>K.l\Y tu-
nica adventitia If tunica mcdia COCY.l\OB MHrKOH M03rOBoii 060J10'lKH
TOHKHX nY'IKoB lIepBOl3, OT KOTOpblX OTXO.l\HT BOJIOKHa K MbIIlle'lHbl:'o1
KJ1eTKaM. Xy6cp (1899) nO.l\T13ep.l\IIJI 3TO, npIl63BlIB, 'ITO Ha MblIlle'l-
HblX 3J;eMeHTax 3TH TOHKlle B0J10KHa OK3H'IflBaJOTC5I CneUllaJIbHbIMII
MaJ1eHbKlIMII 06pa30B3HlIHMII. EOJ1ee nO.l\p06110 no 3TOMY nOBO.l\y
nHilleT M. H. J1amlHcKllii (19026, 1913). OH 06HapY>KH.1 B cccY.l\ax
MHrKoH M03roBoii 060J10'lKII, COCY.l\IICTbIX CnJ1eTeHHii TpeTbero :>Ke.1Y-
.l\O'lKa H ccporo BeIll.CCTBa rO.TJOBHOrO M03ra rYCTYlo HCPBHYIO ceTb,
pacn0J10:>KCHlIYIO Ha MblIlle'lHOii 060JIO'lKe, Cpe.l\1I 3JIeMeHTOB KOTOpOll
II OKaH'IHBaJOTCH TOlleHLKllC BO:IOKOUlla, B0311HK310Ill.IIC 113 3TOll
ceTH. CaM M. H. J1anullcKllii C'IllTa.1 3TII IICpBbl B330MoTopa:\II', O.l\-
HaKO OTCYTCTBIIC 3Kcnepll:\lellTa Ill' n03B0J1I1.10 e:'o1Y YCTauol3I1Tb HX
npOHCXO:>K.l\eHlle.
KJIapK (1929) II XCMcppllC (Humphreys, 1939) lIa OCIIOBaHlIH
aHaTOMH'ICCKHX II (PIf3110JIOrll'leCKIIX .l\allllbIX OTIIOCHT TOIlKlle 6e3-
MHKOTHbIe B0J10KlIa B CTeHKax COCVJI,OB MHrKoii M03roBOii 060.110'lKH
K aBToHoMHOii lIepBllOii CIICTl':\le. i\JIapK (1929) ClIllTaeT, 'ITO TOHKue
HepBHbIe B0J10Kna, BXO.l\HIll.He B CTCHKY apTeplU1 I13 MHrKOII M03ro-
BOll OOOJIO'H<II II CBH331111LIC C MLIIllelIllblMII KJIeTKaMII, HB.1H10TCH
OTpOCTKaMII KJIeTOK I3cpXHero IlleiilIoro CIIMnaTlI'leCKOrO Y3JIa. EYIll
(1938) Ii XCMcppllC (1939) II.l\CIITllcpllllIlPYIOT I1X C CII!\maTII'IeCKmm
Ba30MoTopaMII .lI.pyrllx COCY.l\OB, HO .l\OnycKaJoT, 'ITO lJaCTb UX npll-
Ha.l\JIe>KUT K napaCIIMnaTH'ICCKOii ncpBlIoii CIICTeMe. XeMcppIlc (1939)
YKa3bIBaeT Ii Ha IllBalll-lOBClme KJIeTKII, cOnpOBO:>K.l\aIOIll.lle 3TII BO-
J10KHa.
B 3KcnepHMCHTe 3TII .l\alIHbIe nO.ll.TBep.l\IIJI EaKaii (1941). Y.l\aJIIIB
BepxHHii IlleiiHbIii CIIMnaTlI'leCImii Y3l'J1, OH o6HapY>KII:I, 'ITO TOH-
KIIe 6e3MHKOTHbIC BOJIOKlla, 06pa3)"10Ill.IfC 13 CTCHKe aprepllll MHrKOH
M03rOBoii 060JIO'IKII cn.)leTeml5I, clla6>I{CllllbIe 60JIbIllIIM KOJJlI'leCTBOM
IllBaHHOBCI\HX H)J,l'p, .l\erencpllpYIOT, lleM .l\0I{a33JI II .l\BllraTeJIbHYJO'
npHp0.l\y, Ii I1CTOlIIUlK 3TIIX TOHKIIX BOJIOKOH. PaBlibIM 06pa30M H
M. 13. lJ,YKep (1947) BII.lI.eJIa .l\ercHepaumo HepBHbIx BOJIOKOH B co-
CY.l\HCTbIX cn.'lCTCIIIIHX >KeJIY.l\O'lIWI3 M03ra noc.'le Y.l\aJIeHIIH Bepx-
HHX IlleiiHblx CIfMnaTII'ICCKIIX Y3.10B.
o .l\BlIraTeJIbHOii IIlIllepBaWiH MarIlCTpaJIbUbIX apTcpllii cep.l\ua
IiMeJOTCH yKa3aHIiH y EY3Ha (Bouin, 1929), KOTOpblii rOBopHT, 'ITO
COCY.ll.bI cep.l\e'lHoii CTeHKII CO.ll.ep>I\aT CIIMnaTII'ICCKlle CnJIeTeHIiH 0-
OT KOTOpbIX OTXO.l\HT TOHKIIe BeTO'IKII, OKaWIIIBaJ0Ill.lleCH Ha rJIa.l\KO-
MblIlle'lHbIX KJIeTKaX MaJ1eHbKIlMIi Y3eJIKOBblMil YTOJ1Ill.eHIIHMII_
126
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<T '.
I
Pile. 107. MafllCTpaJILliaH apTepliH KO:iKII. .ilBliraTeJIbliOe cnJIeTClIlle
cpe;J.1I npo,'/.o.1bHO nepepe3allllbix IIlblllle1JllblX KJIeTOK. .ilereliepaLl.HH
ero BO.10KOII BeJIe,/\CTBlle ,'/.eClllllnaTlI3aLl.IIII (00. 100x, OK. lOx; pHCO-
BaJIblibrii annllpaT lIa ypoBlie CTO.1a; npll ne ' laTII yMeHbllleHo
B 3 pa3a).
,
.
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.,
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oj
.
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JJJI\
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,
Pile. 108. MllfIICTpaJIbliaH apwpIIH';KO:iK11. .ilBII-
raTe.1Llloe CnJleTeHHe epc,/\H nonepe ' ll1o nepe-
pe3111111blX IIIblllle1JllblX KJlCTOK. .ilerellepaLl.IIH ero
Bc.1e,'/.CTBlle ,1eelllllnllTll3alUlII (06. 100>. , OK. lOx;
pllCOB3JIbilblii annapaT lIa ypoBlie CTOJIa; npH
ne1JaTII YMellblllelio B 3 pa3a).
AHaJIOrIl'UlbIe J].aHHbIC npUBOJ].HT B cBocH pa60TC I3JI3p H LLeBHc
(Blair a. Davis, 1935).
C 60JIblllOH TIII.aTeJIbHOCTbIO J].BHraTeJIbHaH HllHepBaUHH cepJ].e1J-
HblX COCYJ].OB 113Y1JeHa H. A. 4epBoBoi1 (1950). YJ].a"lHH Y)!{IIBOTHbIX
3Be3J].1JaTbIe CHMnaTH1JeCKHC Y3JIbI, OHa 06HapY)!{I1JIa, 1JTO Ha cocYJ].ax
Bcex CJIOeB CTeHKI1 cepJ].ua, cHa6)!{eHHbIX rJIaJ].KOMbIlllClIHbIMI1 KJIeT-
KaMl1, nepepO)!{J].alOTcH HepBHblc CnJIeTeHHH, COcTOHIII.He H3 TOHKIIX
6e3MHKOTHblX BOJIOKOH, paCnOJlO}J{eHlIbIx B tunica media B reCHOM
KOHTaKTe C ee MbIllle1JHblMII 3JIeMeHTaMH.
MarHCTpaJIbHbIe apTeplI11 JIerKI1X CHa6)!{eHbI TaK)!{e CnJIeTeHHeM
H3 TOHKHX 6e3MHKoTHbIX BOJIOKOH. OHU 06pa30BaHbI TOHKHMH CTBO-
JIHKaMH, OTBeTBJIHlOlll.HMHCH OT 60JIee TOJICTblX CTBOJIOB B tunica
adventi tia IIJIII OT lIepBHblx CTBOJIOB, H)I,YIII.I1X no MC)!{)I,OJIeBbIM co-
eJ].HHHTeJIbHOTKaHHbIM npOCJIoilKaM. CTBOJIHKU pacnaJ].alOTcH Ha
CnJIeTeHHSl OTJ].eJIbHbIX BOJIOKOH, HenOCpe)l,CTBeHHo CBH3aHHblX C
rJIaJ].KHMH MblllluaMU apTepHil (Larsell, 1921, 1935). Ha TaKoe
)!{e 60raToe CnJIereHHC TOHKHX HCpBHbIX BOJIOKOH, OKaH1JHBaJOIII.HXCH
B TecHoH CBH3H C rJIa)l,KOMblllle1JHblMH 3JIeMeHTaMH apTepHH JIerKoro,
YKa3bIBalOT LL)!{OHC (Jones, 1926) H LLuilKcTpa (Dijkslra, 1939).
KOHTaKT C rJIaJ].KOMblllle1JHbIMH KJIeTKaMH cpeJ].Heil 060JI01JKH
apTepHH TOHKHX 6e3MHKOTHblX BOJIOKOH OKOJIOCOCYJ].HCTbIX cnJIe-
TeHHH BH)I,eJI B III.HTOBH)I,HOH )!{eJIe3e HOHH)I,eu (1935b).
B nHIII.eBapHTeJIbHOM TpaKTe MarHCTpaJIbHbIe COCY)I,bl CTeHOK pa3-
HblX ero OT)I,eJIOB cHa6)!{eHbl HepBHblMU CnJIeTeHHHMH TOHKHX 6e3-
MHKOTHbIX BOJIOKOH C 60JIblllHM KOJIH1JeCTBOM H)I,ep lllBaHHa. Ha 3TO
YKa3bIBaJI K. rOHHCB (1875) npH H3Y1JeHHU nHIII.eBO)l,a 11 )!{eJIY)I,Ka
H 11. 11. K03JIOBCKHH (1900), KOTOpblH nOJ].TBep)l,I1JI 11 paCllll1plIJI
Ha6JIlO)I,eHHH K. rOHHeBa, o6HapY)!{HB Ha MarHCTpaJIbHblX apTe-
pHHX nHIII.eBO)l,a rycTble CnJIeTeHHH 6e3MHKOTHbIX BOJIOKOH, pacno-
JIO)!{eHHbIX B tunica media H cBo6oJ].HO OKaH1JHBaIOIII.I1XCH Ha rJIa)l,-
KOMbIllle1JHbIX KJIeTKax.
HeCKOJIbKO paHbllle n. KOpOJIbKOB (1893), H3Y1JaH HHHepBa-
u.mo ne1JeHH, 06HapY)!{IIJI B ee cocY)I,ax, B 1JaCTHOCTH, B apTeplIHx,
06HJIHe 6e3MHKoTHbIX BOJIOKOH, 06pa3YlOIII.HX CnJIereHHH 11 OKaH1JH-
BaJOlll.I1XCSl B COCYJ].HCTOH cTeHKe. 3TH BOJIOKHa n. KOpOJIbKOB C1JH-
TaJI Ba30MOTopaMH.
A6paxaM (Abraham, 1938) H rpeBllHr (Greving, 1939), npHMeHlIB
MeTO)l,bI cepe6pHHoil HMnperuaWIH )l,JIH I13Y1JeHIIH IIHHepBaUHH
pa3Hblx OT)I,eJIOB nlIIII.eBapllTeJIbHoro TpaKTa, no cYIII.eCTBY onllca.1H
y)!{e H3BeCTHbIe OT CTapbIx aBTopoB <PaKTbI. 06a OHn YI{a3blBaJOT H3
HaJII11Jl1e B apTepllHx opraHOB nHlll.eBapCHIIH 0611JIbHbIX cn.leTcHIIH
H3 6e3MHKoTHbIX BOJIOKOH, cOnpOBO)!{)I,aeMbIX H)I,paMII 111l3aHHa H OT-
)l,aJOIII.HX BeT01JKH lIenOcpe)l,cTBclIHO K MbIlllC1JHbIM KJICTKaM COCY)I,H-
CTOi'! CTeHKH. DOJIee HHTepecHbI J].aUHbIC aBTopoB, npHMeHHBlllllx
3KcnepllMeHT )l,JIH BbIHCHeHHH BonpocoB, CBH3aHHblX C IIHHepBauHeii
COCY)I,OB KUllle1JHHKa.
HeKoTopble HHTepecHbIe B 3TOM OTI-IOllleHHH <paKTbI Mbl 1-[aXOj],H:\1
Y H. . HBaHoBa H T. H. PaJ].oCTHIIOH (1935a H 19356) H Y H. r. Ko-
128
.'JOCOBa Ii r. A. 1l0JlJII\apnOBOH (19356). B nepBoH pa60Te (1935a)
II. <P. IIBaHoB II T. H. Pa,'l,oCTliHa, y.n.3mlH y )J{HBOTHbIX BepxHHH
IIleilHbIii cli:\maTll'leCKHii Y3eJl, BH.n.eJlIi .n.ereHCpaIJ.mO nepHBacKY-
';I5IPHbIX cnJlC'TcHllii lIa apTepll5lX CTeHl\H nHIlleBO.n.a. 3TH nepHBaCKY-
'-15IpHbIe cn.'JCTeH II 51 MOp<j:JOJlOrH4eCKII nOXO,'l,IIJIlI Ha TaKOBbIe )J{e,
OIIllcaHHbIe K. rOHHCl3bIM H 11. H. K03.a0I3CKIIM, II IIX .n.ereHepaIJ.H5I
COnpOl3o)J()J.aJIaCb pacillIlpeHIIeM IIIIHepBllpyeMbIx apTepIliL B .n.py-
roil pa60Te (19356), nOCB5IIllCHIIOii II3Y4CHIII0 cIIMnaTll'leCKOH HHHep-
HaUIIII TOHKOii KIIIIlKII, OIlIl paBllblM 06pa30M 13I1,'1,e.'JII pacna,J. TOHKIIX
OC3M5IKOTHbIX 130JlOKOH I1a ce aprepll5lx. .LLereHcpalUIIo TOHKHX
lIepBHbIx 130.;IOKOII, C135I3aHHblX C :\lbIIlle l lllbl:\II1 3:le!\leHTaMIi KHIIleq-
I1bIX COCY;I.OB, DlI)J.eJla .\\. .J.. 3aii,J.eHoepr (1952) npH y.n.3J1eHHH
\' J.lOB CO.'lHelJIIOrO CnJICTCHIHI.
- H. r. Ko.,ocoB Ii r. A. 1l0.,IlK3pnoBa (19356) YCT3HOBHJlH TaKOH
Ke <j:JaKT npll 113YlJellllll cocy.n.OB KIIIIlelJHIIKa nocJle nepepe3KH
n. hypogastrici - TOIIKlle HepBHbIe 130JlOKH3 B CTeHKax 3pTepHH
.J.erellepllpOB3JIlI II 13 3TOM C.lY43C.
H31160.'lE'C nom1O 130npoc 0 MOp<j:J::JJlOfllH II npHpo.n.e .n.BHr3TeJlb-
IIbIX HepBOB apTepllii )J(eJly.n.Ka 6bIJI peillCH B. 11. HJlbHHOH (1946).
OHa TBep.n.o YCTaIiOBII'la, 4TO TOHKlle 6e3M5IKOTHble BOJlOKHa, 06pa-
3YIoIlllie 06HJlbHble CIIJlCTeHlI51 13 MblIlle4HoH CTeHKe ero apTepHH,
nepepo)J{.il.aIOTC5I nocJle y.n.aJleHHH Y3J10B COJlHe4HOra CnJleTeHH5I,
4e:\1 no cYIlleCTBY .n.OKa3a.la npHHa.J..TJe)J{HocTb .n.BHraTeJlbHbIX BOJlO-
KOH apTeplii1 II1IIlleBapllTeJlbHOrO TpaKTa K cHMnaTlflIecKoH HepBHoH
ClICTe:\1e, YCTaHoBIIB, 4TO 3TO nOCTraHrJlllOHapHbIe BOJlOKHa ee
\'3.l0B.
- Cocy.n.bI CeJle3CIIKII B YCJlOBH5IX 3KcnepHMcHTa 06CJ1e.n.oBaJl
JI. H. rypeBH4 (1951). OH nOKa3aJl, 4TO HX .n.BHraTeJlbHa51 HHHepBa-
UII5I 06eCnelJHBaeTC5I ClIMnaTHlJeCKHi\1II BOJlOKHaMlI.
1\\. C. rpa4eBa (19516), H3Y'W5I rapTaHb 13 pa3HbIx YCJlOB1I5IX
.lJ.eHepBa UlIII , HaIllJla, lITO !lBHraTe.lhHbIe BOJlOKHa ee apTepHl1 npe)l.-
CTaBJl5Il0T c060il nOCTraHr,ll1oHapHble BOJlOKHa CHMnaTl14eCKOil HepB-
11 oil CHCTeMbI, n PIlxo.n.5IIlll1e 13 ropTaHb H3 l3epxHero IIleHHoro
H r.laBHbl:\1 oopa30M H3 3Be3}J.4aToru ClIMnaTH4eCKHX Y3J,OB.
C TaKoil fKC nOJlHoToii 3TOT fKe BOllpOC peilleH E. 51. KOpblTHbIM
(1951) no OTHOilleIlI1IO K cocy.n.aM IIIIIlleI30.n.a. Y)J.a.TI5I5I pa3J1HlJHble
Y3.lbl cmmaT1I4ecKoii uen04KlI, a pal3IIO H gg. coeJiaca, OH BH.n.eJl
.J,creliepaIJ.IIIO HepmlbIx cnJlcTeHHii, CB5I3aIlHbIX C MblillellHoH cTeHKoH
era apTepllii. 3TH cnJleTcllil5I 06:w.n.aIOT lIpC313bIlwifliO BbIp3)J{eHHOH
o.J,HOTl1nHOCTbIO CTpOeIlIl5I. 31'0 BCCf!la OlleHb TOHKlie 6e3l\15IKOTHbIe
BOJlOKHa, I1.n.YIllHe 13 TOIIKIIX CT130JlHKaX, O}J,eTbIx 06IllCl1 IIlBaHHoBcKOH
060.10lJKOH, nepeKpeIllIlBaIOIllHe .J,pyr .n.pyra, BeTB5IIllIleC5I H oT.n.aIO-
Illilc TOHlJaJlIIlHe HepBHble BeTOl[Kil K r.la!lKo:\lbIIlle4HbI:\1 K'leTKaM.
PC3YJlbTaTbI pa60T B. II. IbhIlHOii (1946) II E. 51. KOpblTHOrO
(1951) COBnaJlH C pe3y.lbTaTal\III, nOJlY4CHIIblMil E. H. J13BpeHTb-
eBbI:\1 II A. 51. EOpOBCKOH (1935). Y.n.a.l5l5I y )J(lJBOTlIbIX BepxHHe
IIleHllbIe CliMnaTI14eCKlIe Y3J1bl II I1ccJle.n.Y5I 3aTCM MlIraTeJlbHYIO nepe-
nOHKY rJla3a, OHH BH.n.eJlII 06I1J1bHYI0 .n.ereHepaumo 13 CTeHKax cpe.n.-
9 T. A. rpnropLCBa 129
HHX H MeJlKHX apTepHiL .LLereHepHpOBaJlH TOHKHe 6e3YJHKOTHbIe-
BOJIOKHa, 06pa3YIOlll.He B CTeHKe apTCpml CnJIeTeHHH.
n03.lI.Hee JIaHryopCH H OpTera (Langworthy a. Ortega, 1943)
npH aHaJlOrl1'H10H )!{e onepaUlIH (Y.lJ.aJleHHe BcpxHero llleHHoro CHM-
naTHlJeCKOrO Y3J1a) BH.lI.eJlH nepepO)K,'I.eHHe TOHKHX 6e3MHKoTHbIX
BOJlOKOH, CBH3aHHblX C MblllluaMII cocY.lI.oB pa.lI.Y)KHoii 060.10lJKe
rJla3a.
4aCHIlJHOe HC'le3HOBeHl1e cnJleTeHHii TOIIKHX 6C3MHKOTHblX BO-
JlOKOH nocJle nepepe3KH nOCTraHrJlHOHapHbix CIIMnaTHlJeCKIIX BO-
JlOKOH BH)..\e.TJH JIaHryopcH H Xeccep (Hesser, 1940) B 60.1blllHA.
cocY.lI.ax MOlJeBOrO nY3blPH, lJeM nO.lI.TBep.lI.HJlII .lI.aHHbIe C. MHxall-
JlOBa (1908a). A"leKCaH.lI.ep TaKHe )!{e KapTliHbl BH.lI.eJl B cocY.lI.ax .JPY-
rHX Ta30BblX opraHoB, a KpHcTeHceH. JIIOHC H KYHTU (Christemen.
Lewis a. Kuntz, 1951) - B nOllKe.
no OTHOllleHHIO K apTcpHHM CKeJleTHblX MbllllU H KO)!{H no.1Y-
qeHbI no CYIlI.eCTBY TaKHe )Ke .lI.aHHbIe. TaK, EYlll (1929), pe3eUHpYH
Y )!{IfBOTHbIX nOrpaHHlJHblii CTBOJl, BH.lI.eJl nepepmK.lI.eHHe nepJl(!JepH-
qeCKIfX HepBHblx cnJleTeHluf Ha cocY.lI.ax KOHelJHOCTcii, lJeM .lI.OnOk
HIfJl Ha6J1IO.lI.eHHH BYJlJlap.lI.a (1926). CTOn<pOp.lI. (Stopford, 1931) B lIe-
60JlblllOM 0630pC no IIHHepBaUlHl KpoBellocHbIX cocY.lI.OB KOHelJHO-
cTeH YKa3bIBaeT, lJTO CHMnaTlllJeCKlle Bo.101ma OKmIlJIJBaIOTCH BO-
Kpyr MbllllelJHblX K:leTOK CTeHKH apwpHii H HBJlHIOTCH Ba30KoHcTpHK-
TOpaMH. P::mcoll (Ranson, 1932, 19 3) TalmC )Ke .lI.alIHbiC npllBo.lI.IIT
If no OTHOllleHflIO K apTepHHM CKeJICTHblX MbIlllU. Era .lI.alHlble no.lI.-
TBep)!{.lI.aIOT B 06CTOmeJlbHbiX pa60Tax YlIJlKlIHCOH (1934) II KYHTU
If XaMHJlTOH (1938).
06bllJHO Ka)!{.lI.aH MarIfCTpaJlblIaH apTepHH cOnpOBO)K,'I.aeTcH co-
OTBeTCTBYIOlll.eH elf BeHOH, KOTOpaH B 06paTilOM nOpH.lJ.Ke nOBTopHeT
Bce BeTBJleHHH apTeplll1. MeJIKHe MarllCTpaJlbHLlC apTcpllIf B opraHax
qaCTO cOnpOBO)!{.lI.aIOTCH .lI.BYMH BelIaMl1.
Cpe.lI.H nepBblx HCCJle.lI.OBaTeJleii, KOTopble YKa3a"lH Ha Ha.111lJHe
HepBoB B CTeHKax BeH, IW.lI.O Ha3BaTb B. nOnOBa (1861) If AHca (His.
1863). 06a OHH YKa3bIBalOT, lJTO B BeHax nOJlocTcii TeJla HepBHbIe
BOJlOKHa pacnpC.lI.eJlHIOTCH B HX lIapY)KIlOlf 060JlO'IKe.
B .lI.aJlbHeiimeM A. B. PaxMalloB (1901) 06HapY)!{H.TJ lIHKancy.1H-
pOBaHHble OKOH'laHHH B tunica ad\"entitia HH)!{Hell no.10ii BeHbl B TOll
ee 'IaCTH, KOTopaH pacno.TJaraeTCH B 6plOlllHOii nO.TJOCTH. .LLaHHble
PaxMaHOBa 6blJlH nO)..\TBep)K.lI.eHbl B pa60Tax L1a3epa (1914a) H 31ixa
(Eich, 1914).
3niM no cYIlI.eCTBY .lI.0 caMora nOCJle.lI.Hero BpeMelIH HClJepnblBa-
JlIfCb Bce CBe.lI.eHIfH 06 IIHHepBauHII Kpymlblx MarHcTpa"lbHbIX
BeH, paCnOJlmKeHHbIx B nOJlOCTHX TeJla.
B nOCJle.lI.HHe ro.lI.bl nOHBHJlaCb CepH5I pa60T E. A. .LLoJlro-Ca6y-
pOBa (1947-1953) II B. M. rO.lI.lIHOBa (1946-1953), B KOTOpblX
IfHHepBauHoHHble OTIlOllleHlIH nOJlOCTllblX BeH BCKpblTbl C IIClJepnbl-
BalOlll.eii nOJlHOToH.
E. A. .LLoJlro-Ca6YPOB (1947) 1I3YlJHJI xapaKTep H pacnpe.lI.eJleHHe
qYBcTBIfTeJlbHbIx npIf60poB no Bceii .lI.JlHHe 06eHx nOJlbIX BeH. OKa-
130
3aJIOCb, lJTO HaCbIlll.eHHOCTb HepBHbIMH annapaTaMfi CTeHOK 3TflX CO-
Cy.n.OB OlJeHb BeJIHKa: OHIi paCnOJIO}!{eHbI BO BCeX CJIOSIX cOCy.n.flCTOii:
CTeHKII fI OC06eHHO 06HJIbHO npe.n.CTaBJIeHbl B MeCTaX, r.n.e B HH}!{HIOIO
nOJIYIO BeHY Bna.n.aIOT KpynHbIe BeHbl nOJIOCTHbIX OpraHOB. 4YB-
CTBHTeJIbHble OKOHlJaHflSI 06pa30BaHbI TOJICTbIMH fI cpe.n.Hero KaJIfl6pa
YlSlKOTHbIMIi BOJIOKHaMfi nYTeM pa3BeTBJIeHHSI fiX Ha MHO}!{eCTBO 6e3-
\1S1KOTHbIX, 06pa3Y10lll.IIX 60JIee OrpaHHlJeHHble, rYCTO BeTBHCTbIe fI
60JIee paCnpOCTpaHeHHble, C MellhllllIM KOJIH'leCTBOM BeTBeH, KYCTbI.
TaKHe peUenTOpbI 06HJlbHO npe.n.CTaBJleHbl KaK B tunica adventitia,
TaK H B OCTaJlbHblX CJIOSIX CH'HKH cocy.n.a: cpe.n.fI rJIa.n.KOMbIlllelJ-
HbIX CJlOeB cpe.n.HeH 060JlOlJKH H B coe.n.HHHTeJIbHOH TKaHH HapY}!{HoH.
B OKOJlOCOCy.n.HCTOI i KJIeT'JaTKe E. A. .LLoJIro-Ca6ypoB o6HapY}!{HJI
flHKancy.1HpoBaHHble TeJla Tlina nalJHHHeBblX. B 3KcnepHMeHTax
BCKpbITa II npIIHa.ll..le}!{HOCTb lJYBcTBIITeJIbHblX BOJIOKOH nOJlblX Bell
CnlfHHOM03roBbIM Y3J1aM.
B CJ1e.n.Ylolll.eii pa60Te E. A. .LLOJIro-Ca6YPOB (1948a) flCCJle.n.OBaJI
.n.BHraTe.lbHbIe npH60pbl nOJlblX BeH. HaH60JIee flHTepeCHblMfI !}:>aK-
TaMIl 3Toro HCCJle.n.OBaHHSI SlBJlSlIOTCSI Te, KOTopbIe KacaIOTCSI fllI-
TpaMypaJlbHoro HepBHOKJIeTOlJHOrO annapaTa 3TflX BeH, oc06eHHO
HlDKHeii. 06Hapy}!{eHHe nepllueJlJlIOJlSlpHbIX annapaTOB Ha KJleTKaX
BHYTpflCTellOlJHbIX raHrJllleB nOJlblX BeH CBu.n.eTeJIbCTByeT 0 .n.BHra-
TeJlbHOH npHpo.n.e 3THX KJIeTOK.
BTOpbIM KOMnOllellTOM )lBHraTeJIbHOH HHHepBaUHfi HBJlHIOTCH
nOCTraHrJlHOHapHble BOJlOKHa Y3J10B CHMnaTfllJeCKOH uenOlJKH H
npeBepTe6paJlbHbIX CnJleTellHH (1948B).
B .lI.P)THX CBOUX C006ll1.eHfl5IX (19486, 1949a) E. A. .LLoJIro-
Ca6ypoB onHCbIBaeT H peuenTopHble annapaTbl nOlJelJHblX BeH.
nOJIYlJeHHbIe !}:>aKTbl n03BOJIHJIH E. A. .LLOJlro-Ca6YPOBY KBaJIfI-
!}:>HulipoBaTb peuenTopbl no ux !}:>YHKuHoHaJlbHoMY 3HalJeHHIO H BCIO
cOBoKynHocTb HX B HII}!{HeH nOJIOH BeHe ClJHTaTb «KaBaJlbHOH» pe!}:>-
JleKCOreHHOII 30HOii (19496, 1949B).
CTOJIb)J{e no.n.P06Hbl H IIClJepnblBaIOllI.H HCCJIe.n.OBaHfl5I B. M. fo-
.n.UHOBa (1946-1953), OTHOC5Illl.HeC5I K IIHHepBaUHII BOpOTHOii: BeHbI
H Tex cocy.n.OB, fl3 KOTOpblX OHa CKJla.n.bIBaeTC5I.
Y)J{e B nepBOM CBoeM C006ll1.eHfllI Ha 3TY TeMY B. M. fO.n.HHOB
(1946) YCTallaBJIIiBaeT 0611J1bHY10 IfHHepBaUHIO CeJle3eHO'lHoH, BepxHe-
6pbl}!{eClJHOH fI BOpOTHOii BeH, onHCbIBaSl B fiX CTeHKax HepBHble cnJIe-
TeHH5I, 3a.TJO)J{eHHble B HapY)J{lIoH fI MbIllle'IHOH HX 060JIOlJKe H
COCT05Illl.lIe fl3 6e3M5IKOTHbIX fI M5IKOTHbIX BOJIOKOH. nOCJIe.n.-
HHe 06pa3YIOT B tunica adventitia cB060.n.HbIe OKOHlJaHHH peUenTop-
HOro THna C 60Jlee .n.mtxjJY3Hb1MH HJIH 60Jlee OrpaHHlJeHHblMfI pa3BeT-
BJleHH5IMH. Ee3M5IKOTHble BOJIOKHa 06pa3YIOT TCpMHHaJlbHble CnJIeTe-
HH5I B MbllllelJHbIX 3J1eMeHTax cpe.n.HeH 060JIOlJKH fI B CTeHKax vasa
vasorum.
B nepHa.n.BeHTHUHaJlbHOM CnJIeTeHflH 06Hapy}!{eHbI fI HepBHbIe
KJleTK II , cHa6)J{eHHble nepIlUeJlJIIOJl5IpHbIMH annapaTaMH. ¥Ix aBTop
ClJHTaeT nepmpepHlJeCKHMfI HeilpoHaMH aBToHoMHOH HepBHoii:
CHCTCMbi.
9*
131
B nOCJIe.n.YIO flX pa60Tax B. M. rO.n.I1HOB (1947a, 19476, B,
1949a,6) .n.06aBJIHeT pH.n. HOBbIX 06HapymeHHblx flM c):JaI<TOB - HaJIfI-
lJfle peLlenTopoB B cpe.n.HeH fI BO BHYTpeHHeii 060JIOlJKe BeH BOpOTHOH
CflCTeMbl fI KOInaKT TOHKIIX 6e3MHlwTHbIX BO.IJOKOH C MblIllLl3MII nYTeM
06pa30BaHflH flMfI MaJIeHbKIIX nyroBoK Ha MbIIIlelJHblX KJIeTKax.
0606 eHfle CBOHX .n.aHHbIX B. M. rO.n.HHOB (19486) npoIl3Bo.n.flT
B .n.OKTOpCKOH .n.HccepTau.flII «HepBbI H pCu.enTopHblii annapaT BeH
BOpOTHOH CHCTeMbI». B HeH OH 3KcnepfiMCHTaJIbHO YCTaHaBJIIlBaeT,
lJTO lJYBcTBHTeJIbHbIe HepBHble annapaTbI 3TIIX cocy.n.oB HBJIHIOTCH
KOHelJHbIMH pa3BeTBJIeHHHMII OTpOCTKOB HeilpoHoB Memn03BOHOlJ-
HbIX Y3JIOB, pacnOJIaraIOIII.HXCH B COCTaBe lJpeBHbIX HepBoB. Ee3-
MHKOTHbIe me BOJIOKHa, nepepom.n.aIO I1eCH nOCJIe y.n.aJIeHHH nOJIY-
JIYIlHblX Y3JIOB, HBJIHIOTCH OTpocTKaMfi CHMnaTHlJeCKHX KJIeTOK.
B .n.flccepTaLlHH aBTop .n.eJIaeT TaKme BbIBO.n., lJTO CHCTCMY cocy.n.OB
BOpOTHOH BeHbI HY)J{HO paccMaTpImaTb KaK pe<j:mcKcoreHIIYIO 30HY
reHepaJIH30BaHHoro THna.
TaKfiM o6pa30M, no OTHOIlleIIlIIO K 60JIbIllHM MarIlCTpaJIbHbIM Be-
HaM nOJIOCTeH H BeH03HbIX cocy.n.OB, H3 KOTOpbIX OHH CKJIa.n.blBaIOTCH,
Mbl HMeeM B pa60Tax E. A. .LLOJIro-Ca6YPOBa II B. M. rO.n.I1HOBa He
TOJIbKO 6e3YKopH3HeHHbIH c):JaKTIIlJeCKHH MaTepIlaJI, 110 II 3KcnepH-
MeHTaJIbHbIH aHaJIfl3 HCTOlJHHKOB HepBHoro cHa6meHHH 3TIIX cocy-
.n.OB H OLleHKY CTPYKTypHbIX oc06eHHOCTeH HepBHblX npIl60pOB B CBH3H
C HX c):JYHKLlHOHaJIbHbIM 3HalJeHHeM.
MarHCTpaJIbHbIe COCY;J.bI opraHOB lJaCTO H3YlJaJIHCb MHorflMH aB-
TopaMfi TOJIbKO B CBH3H C06III.HMH BonpocaMII I1HHepBaLlIlH opraHOB II
fiX cocy.n.OB. D03TOMY, BepOHTHO, Y nO!laBJIHIOIII.erO 60JIbIllHHCTBa
flCCJIe.n.OBaTeJIeH, 3aHHMaBIIlIlXCH np06JIeMaMH HepBHoro cHa6meHHH
cocy.n.OB opraHOB, paClJJIeHeHHH 3TIIX cocy.n.OB Ha apTeplIH II BeHbI HeT.
O.n.HaKO cpe.n.I1 MHOrHX pa60T, roBOpH HX CYMMapHO 0 HepBax
MarIlCTpaJIbHbIX cocy.n.OB Toro HJIH HHoro opraHa, BCTpelJaIOTCH fI
TaKHe, B KOTOpbIX BeHaM y.n.eJIHeTCH CneLlHaJIbHOe BHHMaHfle.
TaK, e e B. B. I1BaHoB (1893) ynoMIIHaeT, lJTO HepBHble CnJIeTe-
HflH MHKOTHbIX H 6e3MHKoTHblX BOJIOKOH conpoBom.n.aIOT fI apTepHH,
fI BCHbl MHfKOH M03roBoH 060JIOlJKII, a DeHc):JUJI.n. (1932) no.n.lJepKH-
BaeT, lJTO apTepHH H BeHbl M03ra HHHepBflpoBalibI o.n.HHaKOBO, npH-
lJeM TaK me, KaK H B MHrKOH M03roBoH 060JIOlJKe.
06 o.n.HOTHnHOCTH lJYBCTBHTeJIbHOH I1HHepBaLlflH apTepHH, II BeH
MHrKOH M03roBoH 060JIOlJKH nHilleT fI A. M. .TIHxoBeLlKHH (1948).
Do ero .n.aHHbIM, peLlenTopbI BeH npe.n.CTaBJIeHbl TaKfiMII me pa3HO-
06pa3HOH c):JOpMbl KYCTIIKaMfI, KaJ{ 11 peLlenTopbI apTepI1H, H TaK me,
KaK B apTepIlHX, 3TH KYCTI1KfI HBJIHIOTCH KOHelJHbIMI1 BeTBJIeHIIHMII
TOJ)CTbIX MHKOTHblX BOJIOKOH.
E. K. DJIelJKOBa (1944a, 6, 1948a), rOBopH 0 lJYBcTBI1TeJIbHOii
flHHepBaLlHI1 KopoHapHbIx cocy.n.oB, OOJIbIlleII: lJaCTbIO He pa3.n.eJIHeT
IIX no c):JYHKLlfiOHaJIbHOMY npIl3HaKY. O.n.HaKO B 60JIbIllI1X KopOHap-
HblX BeHax OHa onHCbIBaeT 60JIbillOe KOJIIIlJeCTBO peLlenTopOB, noxo-
/KHX Ha TaKOBbIe me MfiOKap.n.a, T. e. npe.n.CTaBJIeHHbIX MHoro06pa3-
HbIMII, 06I1lflpHblMII BeTBJIeHIIHMII, lJaCTO cHa6meHHblMII BcnO!\lOra-
132
TeJlbHblMH KJleTKaMH H npHHaJl.Jle}l{aIIJ.HMH TOJlCTbIM MHKOTHbIM BO-
JlOKHaM 6J1Y}I{Jl.aIOw.ero HJlI! CmmaJlLHblX HepBOB.
B BeHaX JlerKoro reHJlOp (1934) onflCaJl 'IYBcTBHTeJlbHbIe OKOH-
'I8HflH B BflJl.e KYCTHI<OB, pacnOJlO}l{eHHbIX B CpeJl.HeH 060JlO'lKe,
8 r. H. 3a6ycoB (1941) TaKHe KYCTfiKH BflJl.eJl BO Bcex CJlOHX Jlero'l-
HblX BeH H 3KcnepHMeHTaJlbHO YCTaHOBflJI fiX npflHaJl.Jle}l{HOCTb
K 6J1Y)I{Jl.aIOIIJ.eMY HepBY.
O'leHb y6eJl.flTC'JlbHbIe Jl.aHHbIe OTHOCflTeJlbHO liHHepBaLlfifi BeH
3peKTflJlbHbIX opraHoB npflBOJl.liT B cBoeii Jl.HccepTaLlfifi A. fI. MacJloB
(1950), onflCbIBaH pa3Ho06pa3HbIe no BHelllHeMY BflJl.Y fI CJlO}l{HOCTfi
CTpoeHHH cB060Jl.HbIe fI flHKancYJlHpOBaHHbIe OKOH'JaHflH B CTeHKax
fiX MeJlKliX fI KpynHbIx BeH.
J1f1TepaTypHble Jl.aHHble CBHJl.eTeJlbCTBYIOT, 'ITO Jl.BliraTeJlbHbIe
HepBHbIe npIl60pbI BeH opraHoB nOCTpoeHbI TaK }l{e, KaK fI TaKOBble
cooTBeTcTBYIOIIJ.flX apTepHH.
BY3H (1929) rOBopliT 06 OJl.flHaKOBOM, pacnOJlO}l{eHHOM B H8PY}I{-
HOH 060JlO'lKe, CIIMnaTfI'IeCKOM CnJleTeHfIfi apTepHH H BeH CepJl.Lla.
OT 3Toro CnJleTeHflH H B apTepHHx, I! B BeHax OTXOJl.HT BeTO'lKfI, OKaH-
'IflBaIOIIJ.I1eCH MaJleHbKflMfI Y3eJlKOBblMfI YTOJlw.eHflSIMfi Ha rJlaJl.KO-
MbIllle'lHblX KJleTKaX Tex Ii Jl.Pyrfix.
Y H. A. 4epBoBoH (1950) Bee 3KcnepIlMeHTax C Jl.eCHMnaTfl3aLlfieH
CepJl.Lla OJl.I1HaKOBble CnJleTeHflH TOHKflX 6e3MHKOTHblX BOJlOKOH ne-
pepO}l{Jl.aJIlICb Ha KopOHapHblX apTepflHX fI BeHax.
fIpfi I13Y'IeHHfI BeH JlerKOrO rJla3ep (1927) BflJl.eJl, 'ITO B Mblllle'l-
HblX CJlOHX 3TflX Bell pacnOJlO}l{eHO TOHKoe cnJleTeHHe 6e3MHKOTHbIX
BOJlOKOH C OKOH'IaHIIHMfI B BHJl.e nyroBoK Ha Mblllle'lHblX KJleTKaX;
3TO CnJleTeHHe fI cnoc06 OKOH'laHHH ero BOJlOKOH COBepllleHHO Ta-
KOBbI }l{e, KaK fI B apTepflHX JlerKoro.
Ew.e H. H. K03J10BCKflH (1900) YKa3bIBaJl Ha OJl.HOTHnHOCTb HepB-
HblX cnJleTeHflii, COnpOBO}l{Jl.aIOW.lix apTepfifi fI BeHbI nflw.eBOJl.a.
Oc06eHHo}l{e nOJl.po6HO Jl.BflraTeJlbHaH flHHepBaLlflH COCYJl.OB 3Toro
opraHa 06CJleJl.OBaHa E. 5I. KOpbITHblM (1951). H OH YKa3bIBaeT Ha
OJl.HOTfinHOCTb CIIMnaTli'leCKfiX CnJleTeHflH Ha apTepflHx fI BeHax
nflIIJ.eBOJl.a.
HOH liJl.C'Ll (1935b) Jl.a}l{e roBOp fiT, 'ITO MeJlKfle BeHbl W.flTOBHJl.HOH
}l{eJle3bI MorYT nOJlY'IaTb Jl.BflraTeJlbHbIe HepBbI HenOCpeJl.CTBeHHO OT
CnJleTeHflH Ha pHJl.OM Jle}l{aIIJ.flX apTepflHX.
TaKfiM 06pa30M, nOJl.BOJl.SI liTOr JIliTepaTypHblM Jl.aHHbIM, HaJl.O
YKa3aTb, 'ITO Bce aBTopbl, omICbIBaH lIIIHepBaLlflIO MarflCTpaJlbHbIX
COCYJl.OB opraHOB, YKa3bIBaIOT H8 OJl.HOTfinHOCTb fiX HepBHoro cHa6-
}l{eHflH; BeHbl, TaK fKe KaK fI apTepflfl, CHa6}1{eHbI peLlenTopaMfi p83-
Ho06pa3HoH <pOpMbl fI CJlO}l{HOCTfi fI TaK}I{e 06J1aJl.aIOT Jl.BflraTeJlbHblMfI
OKOH'IaHflHMH cIIMnaTII'IeCKOH npflpOJl.bI, CBH3aHHbIMfi C fiX rJlaJl.Ko-
Mblllle'lHblMfI KJleTKaMfi.
¥IHHepBaLlflH MarflCTpaJlbHblX BeH rOJlOBbl, TYJlOBHIIJ.a fI KOHe'l-
HocTeH fl3Y'IeHa B HaCTOHIIJ.ee BpeMH XOTH fI He.ll.OCTaTO'lHO, HO Bce }l{e
HaCTOJlbKO, 'ITO MO}l{HO Jl.eJlaTb HeKoTopble BbIBOJl.bI, KacaIOw.flecH
fiX liHIIC'pBaLlIloHllbIX oTllollleHliH.
133
EllI.e <PpeH (1876) YKa3bIBaJl, qro KO}!{Hble BeHbl IIHHepBIIpYIOTCH
KO}!{HbIMII }!{e HepBaMII, T. e. nOJlyqaIOT HepBHbIe BeTOqKII OT coce.n.-
HHX CMelllaHHbIX CTBOJlOB. no OTHOllleHIIIO K BeHaM HII}!{HIIX KOHeq-
HocTeH A. n. EJleLlKIIH (1925) YCTaHOBHJI, qTO OHII nDJlyqaIOT HepB-
Hoe cHa6}!{eHIIe OT coce.n.IIlIX HepBOB, OT KOTOpbIX nOJlyqaIOT BeTOqKII
H coorneTcTByIOlll.IIe apTepHH. KO}!{Hble BeHbI, no .n.aHHblM A. n. EJleLl-
Koro, cHa6:m:aIOTCH rJlaBHbIM 06pa30M BeTBHMII (IYBCTBIITeJlbHbIX KO}!{-
HbIX HepBOB.
n. r. MeJlIIXOB (1927) paBHbIM 06pa30M BII.n.eJl, qTO apTepllii II
BeHbI KOHeqHOCTeH cHa6}!{eHbl o.n.IIHaKOBbIMII CnJleTeHIIHMH, 06pa30-
BaHHbIMII BeTBHMII npoxo.n.HllI.HX pH.n.OM HepBoB.
n. r. MeJlHXOB oc060 no.n.qepKIIBaeT, qTO HHllepBaWIH apTepHll II
BeH II.n.eHTIIqHa.
B. H. IIleBKYHeHKo (1938) npllBo.n.HT ..'I.aHHbIe no OTHOllleHIIIO
K HepBHoMY cHa6}!{eHIIIO MHOrIIX BeH TYJlOBIIlll.a II KOHeqHOCTeH.
11 no.n.KJlIOqIIqHaH BeHa, II rJly60KIIe II nOBepXHOCTHble BeHbI nJleqa H
npe.n.nJleqbH, paBHO KaK H BeHbI HII}!{IIHX KOHeqHOCTeH, nOJlyqaIOT
HIIHepBaLlIIIO OT coce.n.HIIX CMelllaHHbIX H CIIMnaTH<leCKHX HepBOB.
A. B. U.arapeHlllBIIJlII (1938) II E. _Vi. MapropIIH (1941) no.n.TBep..'I.IIJlII
.n.aHHbIe B. H. IIleBKYHeHKo.
EOJlblllOH MaTepIIaJl no HepBHoMY cHa6}!{eHIIIO Bell npIIBO.ll.liT
f. <P. l1BaHoB (1945). B aHaTOMHqeCKOM OTHOllleHHH ero .n.aHHble no.n.-
TBep}!{.n.aIOT .n.aHHble B. H. IIleBKYHeIlKo. CYllI.eCTBC'IIHOH oc06eH-
HOCTbIO IICCJle.n.oBaHIIii r. <P. ¥IBaHoBa (1945) 51BJl5ICTC5I COqeTaHIIe
aHaTOMIIqeCKOii II HeiiporIICTOJlOrWleCKoH MeTo.n.IIK, 6J1ara..'I.ap51 qeMY
IIM nOJlyqeHbI MHOrIIe HHTepecHbIe c):JaKTbI. To, qTO TpIOeKc (1936)
rHCTOJlOrIIqeCKII YCTaHOBIIJI no OTHOllleHIIIO K BeHaM O.n.HOH TOJlbKO
nepe.n.Heii J1anbI KOlllKII, o6HapY}!{IIB B HHX qYBcTBHTeJlbHble HepBHbIe
OKOHqaHIIH, r. <P. l1BaHoB (1945) pacnpocrpaHII.l Ha MHorIIe MarII-
CTpaJlbHbIe BeHbI TYJlOBIIlll.a II KOHeqHOCTeH }!{IIBOTHbIX II qeJlOBeKa.
OKOHqaHIIH peLlenTopHoro THna B BH.n.C cBo60.n.HbIX KYCTHKOB IIJlII
IIHKancYJlIIpOBaHHbIx npII60poB 06Hapy}!{eHbI IIM II era cOTPy.n.HH-
KaMII BO Bcex o6CJle.n.oBaHHblx BeHax. EOJlblllOe KOJlIIIJeCTBO II3yqeH-
Hora MaTepIIaJla n03BOJlIIJlO r. <P. HBaHoBY (1945) c.n.eJlaTb BblBO.n.,
qTO BeHbI TYJlOBIIlll.a II KOHeqHOCTeH IIHHepBIIpYIOTCH OT Tex }!{e Hep-
BOB, KaK II apTePIIII, II qTO IIHTpaa.n.BeHTlILlHaJlbHble HepBHble cnJle-
TeHIIH II peLlenTopHbIe npII60pbI Tex II .n.PyrIIx nOCTpoeHbl o.n.IIHa-
KOBO. Ha npIIMepe cocy.n.OB H3blKa 3TO no.n.TBep.n.IIJI II B. r. TaTapH-
HOB (1951).
He.n.aBHo CneLlIIaJlbHblM II3yrreHIIeM IIHHepBaLlllii HapY}!{HOH
SlpeMHoH BeHbl 3aHHJlCH r. <P. MaJlbKOB (1948, 1950, 1951, 1953).
OH 06Hapj'}!{IIJI B HepBHblx CTBOJlIIKaX, 06pa3YIOlll.HX cnJle-
TeHHe B ee CTeHKe, MHKOTHble II 6e3M5IKOTHble BOJlOKHa, II3 KOropbIX
nepBbIe 06pa3YIOT IIJlII cB060.LI.Hble .n.peBoBH.n.HbIe OKOHqaHH5I, HJlII
qYBcTBIITeJlbHbIe TeJla Tiina KOJl6 KpaY3e. CB060.n.HbIe OKOHqaHIIH
pacnOJlo)J{eHbI BO Bcex CJI0HX BeHbl, IIHKancYJlIIpOBaHHble }!{e TeJlbLla
TOJlbKO B ee HapY}!{HOH 060JlOqKe. TaK }!{e IIHHepBIIpoBaHbI nepe.n.HHH
H 3a.n.HHSI J1IILleBbIe BeHbI (f. <P. MaJlbKOB, 1953).
134
,]aHHble no J].Bl1raTeJlbllOH HIIHcpBaWIH BeH KOHe4HOCTeH npeJ].-
CTaB.TIeHbl B pa60Tax KYHTua (1929), CTOmpopJ].a (1931) H E3pHca
(1934). Ha OCHOBaHlUl 3TUX pa60T MbI MmKeM 3aKJlI04HTb, 4TO MOTOp-
HbIMII HepBaMu 3T11X Bell 5IBJl5Il0TC5I CUMnaTU4eCKIIe BOJlOKHa - OT-
pocTlm K.,leTOK, J1CllialllllX B CI1MII3T11 1 IeCKI1X Y3J1aX, U 4TO OKaH4H-
BaIOTC5I 3TH BOJIOKlia nYTeM HcnocpeJ].CTBCHHoro KOHTaKTa C MbIllle4-
IIbJ:\III..3.'leMCIITaMII BCII npll nOMOlllH MaJlellbKI1X KOIIUel3blX YTOJl-
IHC Hili I.
OO,J,130,J,H 0611lUil UTor UIIHepl3aUUOIIHhlX OTIIOlUelluii MarHCTpaJlb-
HblX COCY,J,OB, HYllillO CI,a33Tb, 4TO 06UJlblleiillJaH UHHepBaUUH HX
CTeHOK Ha mOOOM UX OTpe3Ke CKJlaJ].blBaeTCH 113 J].BYX KOMnOHeHTOB -
4\"BCTBIITeJlbIIOrO II J].Bllr3TeJlblloro.
- AljJcpepeHTlible npu60pbI nplllla}J,JleXmT TOJlCTbIM 11 cpeJ].Hero Ka-
.TIlI6pa M5IKOTllbIM 130J10KIIa"-1 - OTpOCTKClM 4YBCTBHTeJlbllbiX KJleTOK
COOTBeTCTl3eHHblX Y3J10B - 11 npeJ].CTaBJleHbl BeCbMa pa3Ho06pa3HbI-
MI1 K3K no c130eii JlOKaJlU3aWH1 U BHelllHeM)' BHJ].Y, TaK H no CBoeMY
TOHKOMY CTpoeH1l1O peuenTopaMH. H B apTepHHX, H B BeHax 4YBCTBH-
TeJlbHbIe OKOII'I3HIIH pacnOJlOX,eHbI 130 Bcex CJl05IX CTeHKH, UMeIOT
BII,J, TO orpOMIILIX cJloxmo nOCTpoeHHblX BocnpHHUMaIOlllHX nOJleii,
TO 60Jlee H.,lH Mellee cJloxmo nOCTpoeHHbIx K)'CTOB, TO npOCTbIX II
CKy,'J,HbIX BeTBJlCHlliL 3TII OKOH4aHI15I B pHJ].e CJIYlJaeB MorYT 6bITb
yc,lolliHeHbl ellle 11 BKJlJ()lleHHeM B HX COCTaB OC06blX BcnOMOraTeJIb-
HbIX KJleTOK.
..1B1lraTeJlLlla5I HHHepBaUll5I, Hao60pOT, 4pe3Bbl4ailHO OJ].HOTHnHa.
B apTepllHX H BeHax J].BllraTeJlbllhle npll60pbI 5IBJIHIOTC5I npIlHaJ].Jlelli-
HOCTbIO nOCTraHrJlIIOHapHblX BOJlOKOH, T. e. 06pa30BaHbI HeilpJ-lTaMII
KJleTOK BereTaTIIBllbIX (13 OCHOBIIOM CIIMnaTII4eCKHX) Y3J10B.
;:I.13HraTeJlbHOe CnJleTeHlle IIMeCT HenocpeJ].CTl3eHHOe OTHOllleHHe
K ;\lbIllle4HblM 3J1eMeHTaM COCYJ].OB, KOTopbIe OIlpeJ].eJl5IIOT H era KO-
J1il'IeCTBeHHoe BbIpax,eIlHe. TaK, B BeHax 0110 npeJ].CTaBJleHO COOTBeT-
CTl3eHHO cJla6ee, IleM B apTepmlX, TaK KaK MbIllle4HbIX 3J1eMeHTOB
B UX CTeHKax MeHbUle.
TOHKaH MOp(pOJlOrH5I KOHe4HbIX OT,!].e.TI013 J].BHraTeJIbHOra CnJleTe-
HUH apTepuii II l3eH O.lI.IIHaKOBa: 3TO - TOHKHe, nepenJleTaIOlllIlecSl
CTBOJlHKH 6e3M5IKOTHbiX BOJlOKOH, 3aKJlI04eHHbIe B npOTOnJla3MY
lllBallHUI3CKOro CUHUIITII5I, pa30CTJlaHHOrO Ha MbIUle4HbIX 3J1eMeHTax
COCYJ].OB. OTJ].eJlbllble HH;LHBII.lI.yaJlbIlbIe BOJlOKOHua, conpOBOlliJ].ae-
MbIe lllBallHOI3CKOii npOTOnJla3l\wii, 3aKall4HBaIOTCSI npoCTO YCTpoeH-
HbIMII MaJleHbKUMH B311.ynlHMH Ha MbIUle4HbIX KJleTKax.
f JI a B a IV
MHHEPBAUJHI OPfAHHblX COCYAOB
no OTHOllleHlUO K opraHaM KpOl3b 5IBJl5IeTC51 OCHOBHblM cpaKTopOM,
ooecne'IliBalOllUIM IIM IIX COOCTBeHHblii OOMeH H .lI.e5ITeJlbHOCTb. Ha-
npaBJleHHYIO Ha BblIIOJlHeHlIe 3a.lI.a l l, CB513aHHbIX C OJlarono.1Y l llle!\1
Bcero opraHlI3Ma.
KaK H3BeCTHO, B OCHone 3Toro OOMeHa J1emllT cnOCOOHOCTb COCY-
.lI.IICTOH CTeHKII nponYCKaTb BeruecTBa 1I3 Kp0135IHOrO PycJla B OKPY-
)J{alOruylO TKaHb II oopaTHO. 3apaHee MomHO CKa3aTb, lITO TaKoii cno-
COOHOCTblO 0Y.lI.YT OOJla.lI.aTb COCY.lI.bI CO CTeH, KoiI CneUIlaJlbHO npH-
cnOCOOJleHHoii K OCYll eCTBJleHIIIO 3TIIX npoueCCOB II OOJlalI.alOllI.eii
HallMeHblllllM KOJlHlIeCTBOM CTPYKTYP, MelllalOrullX npOHIIKHOBeHHIO
lIepe3 Hee pa3J1HlIHblX BerueCTB.
HeCOMHeHHo, KanHJlJl51p C ero TOHKOi-i 3H.lI.OTeJlHaJlbHOH OOOJlOlI-
KOH, nOlITII HenOCpe.lI.CTBeHHO conpHKacalOlueiic51 C napeHXIIMaT03-
HblMII 3J1eMeHTaMII opraHOB, CTOHT B ueHTpe 06MeHHbIX npoueCCOB,
ooecnelIHBa51 opraHbl KHCJlOpO.lI.OM II nHTaTeJlbHblMH BerueCTBaMII II
npHHHMa5I OT HHX npO.lI.YKTbl 06paTHoro 06MeHa.
n03TOMY IIHHepBauHOHHble OTHOllleHII51 B 06J1aCTII Kanll.1J151p-
HOro PycJla npe.lI.CTaBJl5IlOT OC06bIH HHTepec. vl3YlIeHHe IIX, KpOMe
TOro, lITO OHO nOMomeT Bbl51CHHTb ueJlblH p51.lI. nOJlomeHHii, CB513aJ -
HblX CO CTpoeHlIeM II cpYHKUIlOHHpOBaHHeM caMHX KanHJlJl51pOB, 6y-
.lI.eT HMeTb H oOJlee 06ruee 3HalIeHHe, TaK KaK n03BOJlHT npH6J1H3HTbC5I
K pellleHHIO npOOJleMbl HepBHblx perYJl51UHii 06MeHHblx npoueccoB.
npOTeKalOrullx B 06J1aCT5IX conpHKocHOBeHII51 KanHJlJl51pHOii CTeHKII
CO CTpYKTypaMH opraHOB.
O.lI.HaKO HY)J{HO CKa3aTb, lITO BonpOCbl, KacalOrulleC51 IIHHepBaUIlH
KanIlJlJl51pOB, .lI.aJleKII elll.e OT CKOJlbKO-HII6Y.lI.b nOJlHOrO pellleHH51.
BMeCTe C TeM elll.e .lI.0 HaCT05IllI.erO I3peMellH npO.lI.OJlmaIOTC5l pa3Hor.TJa-
CIISI BO B3rJlSl.lI.aX II Ha caMble OCHOBHble CTOpOHbl cpYHKUlIoHIIpOBaHII5I
KanHJlJlSlpoB. B lIaCTHOCTlI, ocooeHHo pa3HopelIllBo pelllaIOTcSI 130-
npocbI cpll3HOJlOrIllIeCKoH nO.lI.BlImHOCTII KanHJlJl5IpoB.
EllI.e B cTapoe BpeM5I cnoc06HOCTb KanHJlJlSlpOB H3MeH51Tb CBOM
npocBeT 6b1J1a npe.lI.MeTOM OmHBJleHHOfl .lI.HCKYCCHH. EJlox (Bloch,
1873) OTJ>HUaJl aKTIIBHYIO cOKpaTHMocTb KanIlJlJlSlpoB. WTpllKep
(Stricker, 1865, 1876, 1883), A. fOJlyoeB (1868, 1869), l1. P. Tapxa-
136
HOB (1874), PY)Ke (R.ouget, 1873, 1874), CeBepllHIf (Severini, 1878)
np1l3HaB8J111 3a IIIIMlI 3TY CTIOCOOHOCTb, HO npIfTIHCbIBaJlH ee pa3HblM
1.IaCHIM KanHJlJl5IpHOii CTeHKl1. A. rOJly6eB (1868) 1I H. P. TapxaHoB
(1874) rOBOpIfJlll 0 BepeTeHo06pa3Hblx 3J1eMeHT8X, KOTopble, npeBpa-
llla5lCb B ccpepwlecKHe, 3aKpbIB3I0T npocBeT. A. rOJly6eBa If H. P. Tap-
xaHOBa nO..'l.lI.ep}KIfBaJl TlIrepUJTe..'l.T (Tiegerstedt, 1893). lllTpIfKep
}Ke (1865, 1876) YK83bIBaJl, lJTO 3a cOKpallleHlle KanllJlJlSIpa OTBeT-
CTBeHeH caM 3HlI.OTeJlllii, CTIOC0611blii K Ha6yxamHo, a PY}Ke (1874)
npIfTIlICbmaJl COI{pallleHlIe KaTIlIJlJl5lpa OC06b1M KJleTKaM, 06HapY}KeH-
HblM lIM B KaTIlIJlJl5lpaX CTeKJlOBII1I.1I0ii 060JlOlJKlI rJla3a JlSIrYWKH
Ii OTHeceHIIbIM 11M K MblWelJHbIM 3J1eMeHTaM.
MblWelJHYIO npllpony KJleTKaM PY}Ke npHTIlICblBaJlH TaK}Ke PaH-
Bbe (Ranvier, 1893) II WTeiiHax 1I KaH (Steinach u. Kahn, 1903).
Maiiep (Mayer, 1899, 1902) nO,lJ,Bepr nepecMoTpy Bonpoc 0 n01l.BH}K-
HOCTH KanHJlJl5IpoB. B pe3YJlbTaTe CBOItX lICCJle..'l.OBaHHH OH npHWeJl
K BblBony, lJTO, Hap5l1l.Y C KamlJlJl5lpa m, He 06J13naIOlllIfMIf MbIwuaMH,
HMeIOTC5I If TaKHe, KOTopbIe CO,'l,epX{aT B cBoeH CTeHKe BepeTeHo06pa3-
Hble 1IJ111 OTpOCTlJaTble 3J1eMeHTbI, CB5I3aHHble nOCTeneHHblMH nepexo-
.iI.3MIf C 06b1lJHbIMH MbllllellHblMH KJleTKaMIi apTepIf 1 If OTBeTCTBeHHble
3a cnoco6HOCTb 3TIIX KanHJlJl5IpOB K COKpallleHHIO.
Cnop 3TOT He npeKpalllaeTC5I It no lIaCT05l11l.ero BpeMeHIi. P5InOM
CO CTOpOHHlIKaMlI C8MOCT05lTeJlblloii COKpaTlIMOCTH KanHJlJl5IpOB,
KaKOBblMli 5IBJl5II0TC5I Kpor (Krogh, 1922, 1927), BHMTpyn (Vim-
trup, 1922a, b, 1923), TaHHeH6epr (Tannenberg, 1925, 1926),
XeiiM6eprep (Heimberger. 1925), BeHCJlII H BlIMTpyn (Bensley,
1928), KJlapK If KJlapK (1935), Beexep (Beecher, 1936a, b). CaH1I.epc,
36epT H <PJlOpH (Sanders, Ebert a. Florey, 1940), HMeeTC5I 60Jlbllla51
rpynna HCCJle1l.0B3TeJleii, KOTopbIe oTpHuaIOT cnoc06HoCTb KanHJlJl5I-
pOB aKTHBHO H3MeHSITb CBOH npOCBeT. K HlIM OTHOC5ITC5I MaplllaH (Mar-
shand, 1923), A. H. HeCTepoB (1925. 1929), fl. K. AHOXHH (1928),
KYHTll. (1929), YHpH, 3pHcTeHe, BpoMep, Bapp, repMaH H U.IllHWe
Wearn, Ernstene, Bromer. Barr, Germann u. Zschische, 1934),
J1YHC H BHIlion (Louis a. Bishop, 1936), <PYJlTOH H J1IOTll. (Fulton a.
Lutz, 1940, 1942), KJlapK H KJlapK (1943), HmmJl 1I Y366 (Nicoll a.
Webb, 1946), J1H (Lee, 1949) II r. 11. Mqe1l.JlIflllBHJlIf (1951).
Oc06ellHo BeJlIfKH pa3HOrJlaCII5I no OTHOllleHIIIO K KJleTKaM PY}Ke.
J1IfTepaTypa no 3TOMY Bonpocy nOJllla KpaiiHHMIf BbICKa3bIBaHH5IMH,
n01l.Qac HCKJlIOQaIOlllllMH lI.pyr ..'I.pyra.
TaK, Kpor (1922, 1927), BlIMTpyn (1922a), BeHCJlH H BHMTpyn
(1928) If MIOJlJlep (Muller, 1939), KaK H caM PY}Ke, ClJIITaIOT 3TH
KJleTKIf BH1I.01l3MeHeHHblMH MbllllelIHblMH 3J1eMeHTaMH, 06J1a1l.aIOlllHMIf
cnoc06HOCTbIO K COKpalllemllO. KJlapK 1I KJlapK (1925), <PJlOpH If
KapJleToH (Florey a. Carleton, 1926) If MIIXeJlbC (Michels, 1933),
COXpaH5ISI 3a KJleTKaMlI, 06HapY}KHBaeMbIMH Ha KanHJlJl5IpaX, Ha-
3BaHIfe «KJleTKH PY}Ke» , He npll3HaIOT 3a HIIMH KOHTpaKTHJlbHbIX
CBoikTB. BeHHHIIrxocpcp (Benninghoff, 1930) >Ke BBOll.HT 1I.Jl5I 0603Ha-
QeHH51 3TIfX 3J1eMeHTOB HOBblii TepMHH «nepIfll.HTbI», P01l.}Kepc (Ro-
gers, 1932, 1935) H J1aHryopcH II OpTera (1943) Ha3bIBaIOT HX «nepH-
137
Kanl1JIJIHpHble KJIeTKI1», a Bce BMeCTe OHI1 He npl13HaIOT cnoco6HOCTI1
Kanl1JIJIHpOB COKpalllaTbCH.
r. K. XpYIl OB (1926), D. r. MeJIIIXOB (1927) H JlYHC H EmlJon
(j 936) OTpHLlaJOT 13 KanHJIJIHpaX naJIwme KaKHX-JIH60 3JIeMeHTOB,
KpoMe 3H.n.OTeJIHH, a D.>KOHC (Jones, 1936) ymep>K.n.aeT, lITO KJIeTKH
HeBpHJIeMMbl HepBHblX BOJIOKOH OKOJIO KanllJIJIflpOB 13 CBoe BpeMH
6bIJIH HenpaBIIJlbHO npllHS1Tbl 3a COKpaTIITeJIbHble 3JIeMeHTbl.
HeT COrJIaCHH II 130 B3rJIfI.n.ax Ha IIlIlIepBaLlHIO KanHJIJIHpOB. BOJIb-
Il HHCTBO aBTopoB, IICCJIe,'J,OBamlJIIX IIHHep133LlIfOHHbIe OTHOllJemm
J< 06JIaCTIf cocy.n.IfCToii CTeIIKII, onlfCblBaeT HepBbl Ha KaIIlIJIJIHpax.
K 3THM aBTOpaM OTIIOCflTCS1 BIIJI (Beale, 1864-npHBe.n.eHo no Beale,
J872), M. TOMca (1869), rOHfleB (1875), M. HeCTepoBcKllii (1875),
BpeMep (Bremer, 1882), Maiiep (1902), C. MIIXaiiJIOB (1908a, 19U86),
EOTe3aT (Botezat, 1908), rJJC!3ep (1914a, 1926). H. ..1. D.oBrS1JIJIO
(1932), T. A. rplfropbel3a (1932, 1948, 19496. 1951a, 6, 1952),
MHXeJIbC (1935), JlaHryopclI II Xeccep (194U), JlaHryopCI1 11 OpTera
(1943) 11 MHome .n.pyme. 3TOMY 60.1bIUIIHCTBY npOTliBOCTOHT OT.n.eJIb-
Hble aBTopbI, oTpHuaIOILllle nOJIHOCTblO (MapllJaH, 1923; I hIKOJIJI 11
Ye66, 1946; Nelemans, 1948) IIJIH '-I3CTH'IIl0 (KJIapK, 1929; YHJIKI1H-
'COH, 1929; Hass1n, 1929; lJinsey, 1930) HHIIep133LlHIO KalllJJIJISIpHOH
CTeHKH.
Do.n.aBJIHIOlllee 60JIbllJHHCTRO HCCJIe.n.oBaTeJIeil, npH3naIOIlUIx I1H-
nepBaUHIO KanHJIJIflpOB, He 3aTpanmaeT Bonpoca 0 <PYHKLlHOHaJIbHOH
npIlHa.n.JIe}l{HOCTI1 HX HepBOB. HeKOTopble, KaK ]1apBlIH (Darwin,
1864, npHBelleHo no EpeMepy, 1882) H HOp..'l-MalI (\'\ordmann, 1925),
'-IHCTO YMo3pl1TeJIbHO OTHOCflT IIX K 13a30MOTopHbIM, I1HOr..'l-a .n.a}l{e C'-II1-
TaSI HX nOCTraHrJIlIOHapHbIMH CHMnaTIflIeCKHMI1 BOJIOKHaMIf (Eugling,
1908).
OT.n.eJIbHble I1CCJIe.n.OBaTeJIII npHnHCbIBaIOT HepBaM KanHJIJISIpOB
'-IYBcTBI1TeJIbHYlo npl1po.n.y lIa OCIIOBalIlIl1 npOI1CXO}l{..'I-emISI HX OT
MSIKOTHblX BOJIOKOH (EI1J1. 1872; BOTe3aT, 1908 H HOH, IfLl.eLl 1930,
1935b).
OKOH'-IaHI1H Ha KamlJIJIHpaX o6HapY}l{enbl JIlIWb 13 pe..'l-KI1X CJIY-
'-IaSIX. H. D.. D.oBrHJIJIO (1932) TOJIbKO .n.Ba)l{,JbI o611apY)lmJI nyroB'-Ia-
Tble OKOH'-IaHHH Ha CTeHKe KamlJIJIflpOI3 MHrKoii M03ro13oii o60JIo'-IKH.
BYKe (Boeke, 1933) JIHWb O.n.HH pa3 BI1.n.eJI 13 KanllJIJIHpe LlHJIHap-
Horo TeJIa o6e3bflHbI cBo6o.n.lIoe OKOlIlfaIIHe 13 mIlle KOJIelIKa, JIe}l{a-
lllero 13 npOTOnJIa3Me 3II1J.OTeJIHaJIbIIOii KJIeTKI1. 4YBCTBHieJIbHble
OKOH'-IaHI1SI Ha Kanl1JIJIHpaX onHCbIBaeT E. K. DJIelJKOBa (1948a, 6)
13 cep.n.Lle 11 MO'-IeBOM nY3blpe, 10. H. CJIenKOB (1953a) - 13 aopTe 11
BaKaH (1942) - 13 MfirKoii M03ro13oii 060JIO'-IKe roJIOBHOrO
M03ra.
D.ocTOBepHblx cBe.n.emIi.i 0 llBHraTeJIbHblX (Ba30MoTOpHbIX) OKOH-
'-IaHHSIX Ha KanHJIJIHpaX B JIIITepaType BeT.
TaKoe 6pocaIOllleecH 13 rJI33a OTCYTcTl3l1e e.n.I1HCTBa 11 COrJIaCOBaH-
HOCTI1 130 B3rJIH.n.ax Ha HHHepBauHoHHbIe MexaHH3Mbl KanHJIJIHpOB 11
Ha <PYHKUI10HaJIbHOe 3HalfelIlIe 3TI1X MexaHH3MOB 06bSIcHSIeTcSI, no-
.BI1.n.HMOMY, TpeMfi 06CTOflTeJIbCTBaMH.
138
nepBoe 3aKJIlOlJaeTC5l B TOM, lJTO HeT 06w.enpH3I1aHHOH TOlJKtl
3peHH5l Ha CTpOeHlle caMoro KanHJIJI5lpa, He BbI)J.eJIeH TOT KOMnJIeKC
CTPYKTypHblX lJepT, KOTOpblii TOlJHO II jlJl5l Bcex opraHOB xapaKTepH-
30Ba.1) 6bl KanHJlJI5lp. A. A. 3aBap3HH (947) CnpaBe,'l,JIHBO YKa3bIBaeT,
lJTO Bonpoc 0 CTpoeHHII II pa3BllTHH KanHJIJl5lpOB ew.e H B HaCT05lw.ee
Bpe 15l He BblllIeJI 113 Tex npOTliBOpel-IHH, KOTopble B03HHKJIH nocJle
nepBbIX me IfcCJle)J.oBatmii, npOBe,'l,elIllbIX B 3TOM HanpaBJleHHll. Hc-
CJIeJ.oBaTeJIH, ClJIITalOliUle, lJTO KamlJlJl5lp npe)J.CTaBJl5IeT C060H 3H,'I,O-
TeJlllaJIbHYIO TpYOKY, BCTpe'IaIOT B03pameHH5l CO CTOpOHbl -rex, KO-
Topble rOBOp5lT, 'ITO, KpOMe 3H,'I,OTeJIII5l, CYW.ecTBYIOT ew.e II nepH-
ll.HTbl. H B CBOIO OlJepe)J.b CnOp5lT 06 HX COt:)J.HHIITeJlbHOTKaHHoi'1 HJIH
Mblwe'lHoii npHpOD.e. BblcKa3bIBaloTc5I II Kpaihme TOlJKH 3peHll5l.
HanpIIMep. .llmoHc (1936) YTBepm,'l,aeT, lJTO pOJIb 3H)J.OTeJlH5l B Ka-
ml.l.l5lpe BbmOJIH5lIOT ynJIOw.eIlHble, CHJIbHO BbIT5lHYTble, pacnOJIO-
}KeHHble CnHpaJI5lMII, MblllIelJHble KJleTKH - npO)J.OJlmeHHe rJIa)J.KO-
MblllIelJHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB apTepllOJlbl.
BTopoe 06CT05lTeJIbCTBO, MellIaJow.ee e,'l,llHcTBY B3rJl5l,'l,OB Ha Ka-
mlJlJl5lpbl, 3aKJlIO'laeTC5I B nOJlHOM OTCYTCTBliH 3KcnepHMeHTaJlbHbIX
pa60T B 06JIacTH HX HHllepBall.HH. Pa60Tbl DYllia (1929), A. 5"1. 00-
pOBCKOH (J935), H. r. KOJIocoBa II r. A. nOJllIKapnOBolI (19356),
flaHryopclI II Xeccepa (194U) II DaKa5l (1942) He MorYT OblTb cepbe3HO
nplHl5lTbl BO BHHMaHlle. 3TH aBTopbI He Oll.eHHBalOT )J.OJImHbIM 06pa-
30M )J.HCKYCCIIH 0 CTpoeHllll KanIlJIJI5IpOB. n03TOMY MomHO )J.YMaTb
-I 0 TOM, lJTO OHll, onllCbIBa5l nepepOm,'l,eHlle HepBHbIX BOJIOKOH nOCJIe
'::OOTBeTCTBYIOW.HX )J.eCHMnaTH3amlii, IIMeJlII nepe)J. COOOH BMeCTO Ka-
nHJlJI5lpOB apTepllOJIbl. KpoMe TOro, A. 5"1. DopoBcKa5l (1935) 3Kcne-
pllMeHTlipOBaJla C MHraTeJlbHoi'1 nepenoHKoH - rJla)J.KOMbIllIelJHbIM
opraHoM, nOJlYlJalOw.HM llHHepBall.HlO OT CliMnaTlllJeCKHX npoBo)J.HH-
KOB II MaJlC npllrO,'l,HblM n03ToMY ,'I,JI5l pellIeHlHJ Bonpoca 0 npHHa.n.-
JIe}KHOCTII nepepmK)J.alOw.uXC5l nOCJIe ,'I,eCHMnaTIBall.Hll HepBOB K Ka-
nHJI.15lpaM. 3TO me OTIIOCHTC5l H K JlaHryopcll II Xeccepy (1940),
nepepe3aBllIliM CIIMnaTlllJeCKHe HepBbl MOlJeBoro nY3blp5l. KpoMe
Toro, Dym, DopoB Ka5l, J1aHryopcH II Xeccep, a TaKme DaKaH yno-
MliHalOT JllIllIb nonYTHo 0 nepepOm.ll.eHHlI CliMnaTHlJeCKliX HepBoB Ha
Kaml.1JI5lpaX, He ,'I,eJla51 1I3 3Toro ll.eJlII CBOHX HCCJle)J.OBaHuiL Pa60Ta
HeJle:\JaHca (1948), xopollIa51 B onHCaTeJlbHOH 'laCTH, B 3KcnepH-
MeHTaJlbHOH He)J.OKa3aTeJlbHa BCJle)J.CTBlle H30paHHoro aBTopoM
MeTO)J.a.
TOJIbKO HecoBepllIeHcTBoM MeTO,'l,a MomHO 06'b5lCHllTb CTpaH-
Hbli'l BbIBO,'l" lJTO OKOJlOKanllJIJI5lpHble HepBHble ceTli «HH OT lJero He
3aBHC5lT», T. e. CYW.eCTBYIOT caMOCT05lTeJIbHO, He 6Y)J.YlJll CB5l3aH-
HblMH C HepBHOH CHcTeMoi'I.
TpeTbe 06CT05lTeJlbCTBO OOJIbme, '-IeM nepBble )J.Ba, OTpa3HB-
llIeeC5l nary6HblM 06pa30M Ha ycnelliHoM pa3pemeIlHH np06J1eMbl
KanHJIJI5lpHOH llHHepBall.lI11, 3aKJIlOlJaeTC5l B llIHpOKOM pacnpOCTpa-
HeHHII YlJeHH5l DYKe 0 nepHTepMllHaJIbHblX CeT5lX, B pe3YJIbTaTe
lJero KOHll.eBble oT)J.eJIbI HepBHoi'1 CHCTeMbl npeBpaTlIJIHCb B ceTb
,()e3 HalJaJIa H KOHll.a, cO)J.epmaw.ylO )J.BllraTeJIbHble, 'IYEcfBllTeJIbHble
139
li CeKpeTOpHble I3UJIOKHa no CYllI.eCTBY)JJIH Bcero opram13Ma, BKJIIO-
lJaH H KaIlHJIJIHpbl. B npeJJ,BoeIlllble rO)J,bl 3Ta TOlIKa 3peHHH HalJaJIa
npOHIIKaTh B pa60Tbl HTaJIbHHCI{JIX (Terio, 1940) H HnOHClmx
(Hayasi, 1937) aBTOpoB. To.TIbI\o B PYCCKYIO HeBpOJIOrHIO 3TH arno-
CTH11t'CKIIe KOilUelIUIHI He 6bIJIH )Jonym,l'Hbl 6JIarO)JapH 3HeprIl'.JHOMY
omopy H nOCT05IHHGii 60pb6e C HilMI! 0. H. JlaBpeHTbeBa (1939) H
A. A. 3aBap3Hlla (1941).
B CpamlllTe.TIbHO He)JaBHee Bpel\15I l1.Beiicpax (Zweifach, 1937.
1938, 1939), IJ.Beiicpax H Koccl\wII (Kossman, 1937), 4eM6epc H
l1.BeHcpax (Chambers. 1942). 4eM6epc (1948), a 3a mum HeJJe!\I3HC
(1948) )JeJIalOT nOnbITI<Y npIIMI!pllTb IIpOTlIBOpe l llIH 130 B3rJI5I)Jax Ha
cTpoeHHc H YIIKUHOHJlpoBaJllIe I\amIJIJIHpoB. !Je3YJIbTaTbl HX HCCJIe-
J!.oBaHl'ii 13 I\paTKHX CJIOBaX CBO)J5ITC5I K CJIe)JYlOllI.e!llY. FCTh )JBa
copTa KanIIJIJI5IpOB - MbllllellHble, JI.'lH «apTepW-BeH03HbIe MOCTHKH»
(HX 4eM6epc Ha3bIBaeT «nepeBo)J5IIlU1MII KaHaJIaMH») H JIHIlleHHble
MbllllU, HJIII lICTlfJlHble KamlJIJIHpbl. )\\bllIlellHble KJIeTKlI «apTepHo-
BeH03HblX MOCTIIKOB» 5IBJI5IIOTC5I npo}].OJI>KeHHeM MbllllellHblX 3JIe-
MeHTOB apTepIIOJI. 3TH KJIeTKII MorYT pacnOJIaraTbC5I Ha MbllllellHvl\'
Kanl1JIJI5Ipe, 6YD.y'IH OT)J,eJIeHHbll\lII )Jpyr OT Jlpyra npOMe>KYTKa:\Ui
13 KOTOpblX 3H/10TeJIHaJIbHa5I CTeHKa npe)JCTaBJI5IeTCH 06Ha>KeHHofl
MblIllellHble KamlJIJ15Ipbl Bna)JalOT Henocpe)JCTBeHHO 13 BeHYJIbl, OTKY)Ja
II IIX H33B3mle «apTepIl0-BeH03Hble MOCTHKII». OT II1iX HallHHalOTC5I H
13 Hnx Bna}laJoT nCTJlHHbIe 1<3nHJIJI5Ipbl, CTt'HKH I\OTOpbIX 06pa30B3Hbl
O)JHHM TOJIhKO 311)JOTe.1HeM H lie cO)Jep>I\aT HII MblIllellHblX KJIeTOK.
HH KJIeTOK Py)!{e, Hli BH)JOJl3MelleHllbIX MblIllelIHbIX KJIeTOK, OnHCal-!-
HblX KporoM (1922) H BHMTpynoM (1922a, b, 1923). B «apTepHO-
BeH03HOM MOCTHI<e» TOI< I\pOBH HenpepbIBeH, B IICTHHHbIX KanH.TIJI5I-
pax KpOBb MO>KeT 6bITb H He 6b1TI-, 13 33BHCHMOCTH OT nOTpe6HOCTH
B HeH pa60TalOllI.eH HJIH nOK:J5I\Heiic5I TKaIlH. 4eM6epc (1948) HeCKOJIb-
KO BH)JOH3MeH5IeT cxeMY l1.BeHq)aXa, CIIHT3H, llTO «nepeBo)J5IllI.HH Ka-
HaJI» - «apTepHo-BeH03HbIII MOCTHK» l1.BeiiqJaxa - TaK >Ke, KaK I
3TOT nOCJIe)JIIHH, cHa6>KeHHb1H rJIa)JKHM 1 MblIlluaMH H Bna)JalOllI.lIH
B BeHY, O.D.aeT BJlOJIb cBoeH npOKCHM:1JIbHOii llaCTH BeTBH H npHHH-
MaeT neTBH B)JOJIb cBoeii J!.HcTaJIbHOii 113CTII. 3TH BeTBH CB5I3aHbi
Me>¥J!.Y c060ii KanHJIJI5Ip3MH, JIe>KaIlU1MII 110 06enM CTopOHaM KaHaJIa_
npOKClIM3JIhHble BeTBH nepeBO)J5IllI.ero KaHaJIa (npeKam1JIJI5Ipbl)
cHa6>KeHbl B MeCTe cBoero Ha1laJIa rJIaJ!.KOMbllllellHblMH ccpHHKTepaMH,.
perYJIHpYlOllI.HMH TOK l<pOBH 13 K3m1JIJIHpax. T3KHM 06pa30M, KamlJI-
JI5IpHOe PYCJIO, no 4eM6epcy, OTJIH4aeTCH TpeM5I xapaKTepHblMH llep-
TaMH: CHCTeMOH nepeBCJ!.5IllI.lIX KaHaJIOB C HenpepbIBHblM TOKOM
KpOBH H3 apTepHOJI 13 BeHYJIbl, npepblBHCTO 3aMblKalOllI.nMHC5I CcpIlHK-
TepaMH npeKanHJlJIHpOB-60KOBbIX BeTBeH BepXHeii llaCTH nepeBO-
J!.5IllI.ero KaHaJIa, CH36>KalOllI.HX KpOBblO :<anHJIJIHpbl, H ill II pO-
KHMH nOCTKanllJIJI5IpaMH, Bna)JalOIIUIMII B HH>KHlle llaCTlI nepeBO)J5I-
llI.HX KaHaJIOB. HeJIeMaHC (1948) npllCoe.lIJ1H5IeTCH K B3rJIH)JaM l1.Beit-
cpaxa. Bce 3TH aBTopbl YKa3bIBalOT, llTO HepBHble BOJIOKHa npHXO)J5IT
B KGHTaKT TOJIbKO C Toii IlaCTblO KamlJIJI5IpHOrO PYCJIa, KOTOpylO OHlt
Ha3bIB31OT «apTepHO-BeH03HbIM MOCTlIKOM» HJIH «nepeBO)J5IllI.HM Ka-
140
HaJIOM» II ClJIlTalOT 06JIaJJ,alou. cii MblWe 1 IIILIMI1 3JIeMeHT3MI1. HCTIlHIILle
KamfJIJIHpbl, no HX MHemno, HepBOB JBlllieHbl.
Hallm HCCJle,.'10B3HI1H KaCaIOTCH MeJIKI1Y COCY,.'10B, B TOM lJl1CJIe H
KanI1JIJIHpOB. B pa3JIlIlJHLIX oprallax:
B KO)Ke, B CKeJIeTllblX MblWlI.aX, B op-
r3H3X nm_ll.eBapIlTeJIbIlOrO TpaJ\Ta,
B cepJJ,lI.e H B 60JIblllHX cocYJJ,ax.
PaOOTa npOBOJJ,nJIaCb 3Kcnepn-
MeHT3JIbllLIM MeTOJI.OM: onepaTllBHO
BblKJIlOlJaJIHCb lJYBCTBlneJIbHble nJIIi
;J.BlIraTeJIbHble (CHMnaTHlJeCKl1e) npo-
BO;J.HHKH K cocyJJ,aM pa3JIHlJHblX o6JIa-
cTeii. B CpOKH, KorJJ,a npH3HaKH
)J,ereHepall.HH nepep 3aHHblX HepBOB
Bblpa)KeHbl HaH60JIee OTlJeTJII1BO, Ma-
Tepl1a.1 cpHKCHpOBaJICH B cpopMa.IIHHe
Ii BnOCJIeJJ,CTBHH 06pa63TbIB3JICH Me-
TO.!J,OM cepe6pHHOH HMnperuau.HI1,
{)6bllJHO npHMeHHBIllIiMCH 5. H. Jla-
BpeHTbeBblM (1946).
KOHelJllblM 3BeHOM MarHCTpaJIbllblX
3pTepilii B opraHax HBJIHIOTCH apTe-
pno.1bl, T. e. TaKHe COCYJJ,bl, CTeHKH
KOTOpblX B pe3YJIbTaTe nOCTeneHHoro
Y:\leHbIlleHHH KOJII1QeCTBa COKpaTH-
TeJlbHblX 3JIeMeHTOB CHa6)KeHbl OJJ,HHM
CJlOeM r JIaJJ,KHX MLIIllll.. MblIUelJllble
K.1eTKH npeJJ,cTaBJIHIOT c060H npo-
,J.OJIroB3Tble, TeCHO npHJIeralOllI.l1e
.D.pyr K t\pyry 06p330BaHHH C OBaJIb-
HblMH HJJ,paMH (pHC. 109).
D.IIHaMIlKa 1I3MeHeHIIH CTellKH
a pTepllOJI 3aKJIIOlJaeTCH B T0:\1, lJTO
HX MblWelJHble KJIeTKH nOCTC::neHHO
npeBp3ll1.alOTCH B 60JIee JJ,JIH II II ble,
BepeTeHo06pa3Hble 3JIeMeHTbl C 60J1ee
IllllpOKOii, COJJ,ep)K3ll1.ei.i OBaJILHOe
SJ:JJ,pO cpcJJ,Heii lJ3CTLIO II CY}/{HBaJOlll.H-
MilCH KOIlu.aMH, KOTOpblC OXBaTblB<IIOT
3HJJ,OTe.TJllaJIbHYI0 CTeHKY TaKOro CO- L
cY,J.a. Cpe..'l.HHSJ: paCIllllpeHHaSJ: 'IaCTb
TaKOH:K.TJeTKH COll.ep}/\lIT OBaJILHOe
SJ:JJ,pO, KOHlI.bl ee Ha npOJJ,OJILIIOM
pa3pe3e apTepllOJIbl nepepe3alOTCH
nOnepelJHO II HMelOT BHJJ, CBeTJIblX
nY3blpLKOB, JIen{alll.HX nJIOTHO Ha
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KapA:J flpaBoro flpe,/\cep.llI1H.
[I1blUIClJllhle KJIeTKH paCfloJIo}Ke.
IIbl B 0,/\1111 c.10fL MI1KpOcpOTO
t0f>. !UUx, 1111111I., OK. 7x).
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ITo Mepe )J.aJIbHeihlll1X BeTBJIeHliii apTepHOJI HeYKJIOHHO np0)J.OJI-
:>KaeTCH Y)J.JIHHCHIIC IIX MblIllelJHblX KJIeTOK, KOHIJ.bl KOTOpbIX 06pa-
3YlOT Ha 3H)J.OTeJIllaJIbIlOii Tpy60lJKe Y:>Ke HeCKOJIbKO BHTKOB. DJIa-
rO)J.apH 3TOMY npoUCXO)J.UT nOCTeneHHOC pa3D.BllraHUe HD.epHblX
YlJaCTKOB MblIllelJHblX 3JleMCmOBIi 06pa30BaHHe Ha nOBepXHOCTU
3H)J.OTCJIUH cBoe06pa3HbIX npOTOnJIa3!VIaTlIlJeCKUX TH:>Kcii, KOTopbIe
npu npOJJ.OJIbHOM pa3pe3e TaKoro cocYD.a HMelOT BUJJ. 60JIee KpynHbIx
U 60JIee Me.'IKUX 6e3'bHllepHbIX nY3bIpbKOB, npeD.CTaBJIHIOlIJ.HX c060H
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MblllJe1Jllble K.1eTKII pacnOJIO)j(Cllbl Ii OAHII C.1011. 51,'J.epHble 1JaCTII
MblllJe1JllblX K.1eTOK .1e)j(aT 11<1 3I1a1JIITe.1bllbIX paCCTOHIIIIH:\ ,/\pyr
OT ,/\pyra, KOIIUbl IIX 06BIIBalOT 311)1,OTeJIllaJIbHYI0 TPYOO1JKY.
BII113Y C.1eBa cqJIIIIKTepOoUpa311blH lIIexall1l3M B OCII ona II II II
OTXO.1.HU\eH 60.1ee Me.1KOH apTepIl0.1bl. MIIKpOljJOTO (06. 100;(.
HIIIIII., OK. 7X).
nOnepelJHble CelJeHUH )J.JIUHHbIX, nOCTeneHHO UCTOHlJalOllUiXCH KOH-
IJ.OB MbllllelJHblX KJIeTOK, CnIlpaJIbHO 06BUBalOlIJ.liX cocy;!. (puc. 110).
Bce CKa3aHHoe BbIIlle no OTHOIlleHHIO K lJYBcTBHTeJIbHOii HHHepBa-
IJ.HH MarHCTpaJIbHbiX apTepuii B opraHax U!VIeeT 3HalJelllie II ,'1,.151 ap-
TepHOJI_ 06bllJHO cpe)J.Hero KaJIu6pa MHKOTHbIe BOJIOKIIa 06pa3YlOT
KYCTHKIi H )J.epeBIJ.a, pacnOJIO:>KCHHble B HapY:>KHOI1 060JIOlIKe Ii npo-
HHKaIOIIJ.He CBOHMH KOHelJHbIMH BCTOlJKaMH BO Bce OT)J.eJlbl UX CTeHKl1.
XapaKTcpHOH oc06eIlHOCTbIO lJYBCTBHTeJIbHblX HepBHblX npu60pOB
apTepHOJI HBJIHeTCH HX 60JIbIllaH npOTH:>KeHHOCTb II TeHD.eIlIJ.UH no-
CbIJIaTb KOHIJ.eBbIC BOJIOKOnIJ.a K apTepHOJIaM H coce)J.HHM BeHYJIaM
O)J.HOBpeMeHHO (pHC. Ill).
142
OmicaHHbIe 1\. n. MaCJIOBblM (1950) B MeJIKI1X cocYJJ,ax 3peK-
TliJIbHbIX opralIoB pa3BeTBJleHII5I OJJ,Horo 11 Toro )Ke M5IKOTHOro BO-
JIOKHa, 06pa3YIOllI.lie peuenTopbI lIa apTCpllOJIaX II coceJJ,HHX BeHY-
.lax, 51BJI5IIOTCH npllcYllI.lIMlI, nOBIIJJ,IiMOMY, 3TOMY Tliny COCYJJ,OB BO
Bcex opraHax. Mbl BIIJJ,eJlli liX B cepJJ,ue, KO)Ke, B opraHax nlilll.eBa-
peHIIH II JJ,blxamU1.
llBllraTeJILHbIe KOHueBble npli60pbl apTepliOJI, KaK li B JJ,pymx
OTJJ,eJIaX MamCTpaJIbHblX COCY,'J.OB, CB5I3aHbI TOJIbKO C liX MblIllelJHOll
CTeHKOI1. 06bl t IHO Ka)KJJ,aH apH'plio.la cOnpOBO)KJJ,aeTcH CTBOJII1KaMli
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TC.1bllOro OKOIl1JaHIIH H apTepIl0.1bl, H BeHY:lbl. Ha Mant-
CTpa.1bHOH apTepHIi ,!\erellepllpYIOT CII:\maTII1JeCKlie BOJlOKlia
BC.1e;J.CTDlle npe;J.BapIlTC.'JbHOii ;J.eClllllnaTlI3aUIIII (06. 45 X,
OK. lOx; plicoBa.1bllblH annapaT H<I ypoBlie CTOJIa).
TOHKIIX 6e3M5IKOTHblX BOJIOKOH. LlaCTL BOJIOKOH TaKI1X CTBOJIIIKOB
OT,il.e,,lHCTCH OT BIIX II BCTynaeT B Tecllblii KOHTaKT C MblIllelJHblMli
3.leMeHTaMII apTepllOJIbI. 3TII BOJIOKlla OlJeHL TOHKI1, cHa6)/{eHbI
3HalJIITt'JIbHbIM KOJIJIlleCTBOM IllBaHHOBCKIIX HJJ,ep II HenOCpe,'l,cTBeH-
HO conpIlKacalOTcH C MblIlletIlIblM C.l0eM cOCY.1a. OT HIIX-TO II oT,'I,e-
JI5IIOTCH BOJIOKOHUa, 3aKawIHBaJOlll.lleC51 lIa nOBepxlIocTli rJIaJJ,KoMbI-
IllelJHblX KJIeTOK (pIIC. 112).
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IIIBaHHOBCKliMII KJIeTKaMH. OJJ,HaKo OKOH t lallli51 liX CTporo liH,'I,liBli-
JJ,yaJIbHbI. Ha npliMepe 3TliX apTcplIo.l MO)KIIO y6e,'l,liTbCH, liTO Ka)/{-
n.a51 rJIaJJ,KOMbIIllellHaH KJIeTKa cHa6)/{eHa ,'I,BllraTeJIbHblM OKOHlJaHlieM.
143;
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IIHX jJ,ereHepllpYIOT II IIcpBlible CnJIeTeHIIH B CTCIIKe apTf'pIlO,l.
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pilOJI, IIX 60r3TCTBO HjJ,pal\fII lllBC1II1Ia, IIX leClIblii KOHT:'lI\T C !\IblWelJ-
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KJIeTKaX (06. 100jX, mIM., OK. 10 X; pl1COBaJIbllblH allnapaT 11<1
ypOBlle_ CTOJIa; npll ne1JaTiI YMeHbllleliO B 1 1 / 2 pa3a).
TaKUM 06pa30M, KOllelJHble UT;J.eJIbl ManlCTpaJIbHblX apTepHH
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meHHble OjJ,HIII\1 CJlOeM I\1blWC l lHblX K.'1eTOK, 06JIa;J:alOIIJ.I1X OnIlC<1HHbI:\1
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pC1CllmpeHHaH, cO;J:ep}/\aIIJ.C1H OBa.JlhHoe H;l.pO cpejJ,HHH lJC1CTb II 06-
BIlBalOllJ.lle CnHpaJILHO 31I OTc:lIIa.lbIlYIO Tpy60lJKY KOHUbI). ApTC-
pllOJIbl 3TH, nOjJ,06HO BCOI MC1rnCTpC1.1LHbl\1 COCY.D.C1l\I, 06.Jla.D.aJOT lJYB-
CTBHTeJIbHblMII ill jJ,BllrC1TCJIhllbl:\1II npll60pmllI. [1epBble npIlHajJ,JIe-
mal' MHKOTHbIM BOJIOKHaM - OTpOCTKa:\1 K.1CTOK CnIlHa.JlbHblX IlJIII
KpaHHaJIbHblX lJYBCTBIITC.J1bllbIX Y3.'10B. [1oC.1C;l.lllle npe.D.CTaB.J1HIOT
CnJJeTCHHH nOCTrC1l1rJIIIOHC1plIbIX BOJIOKOH r.1C1BHbIM 06pC1301\1 clI:\1Oa-
THlJeCKOii HepBHoii CIICTCMLI. EC:I11 lJYBCTBIITCJIbllblC npll60pbl 06JJa-
.ll-alOT HeKOTopblMII HOBblMIl llepTC1:\'1II (OKOHlJaHIIH Ha C1pTepHOJIe II
BeHYJIe, 06pa30BalIHble BCTlHlMIl ojJ,lIoro II Toro }/{e lJYBCTBIITeJILHOrO
BOJIOKHa), TO jJ,BuraTCJILllbIC 36COJIlOTII0 IIl1lJCM IIC OTJIlfllaJOTCH 01'
TaKOBbJX me JIl060ro .n.pyroro YlJC1CTK3 MC1nICTpC1JIbllbIX cocy.n.OB.
144
Bonpoc 0 TOM, nOJIYLJaJUT Jill MarIlCTpaJIbnble COCYJJ,bI OpranOB
II apTepliOObI B TOM LJIICJIl') JJ,BIlf<lTeJIbHbIe BOJlOlOIa 01' lUlTpaMY-
pa.lbHblX HepBHbIX Y3:IOB, T. e. OT TaK IIa3blBae:\wro napaCIIM-
IIaTlllJeCKoro OTJJ,CJI3 IIcpBHoii CHCTeMbI, 3KcneplIMCHTaJILHO peIlHlTb
TPYJJ,HO, TaK KaK YJJ,aJICIUle IIHTpaMypaJIbHbIX Y3JIOB HCB03Mo)KIIO.
O,J.HaKO r. c. J1eTHHK-CanoKoBa (1950) np5lMbIM Ha6JlIo)J,emleM YCTa-
HOBIiJIa, lJTO B COCTaBe JJ,BHraTCJIbIIbIX CnJIeTeHHii apTcpHii >KeJIYjJ,Ka
1I3XOJJ,5lTC5l II CTBO_l ilK II , nplIllle,'{UlIIe 113 Y3JIOB aY3p6axUBa CI1Jle-
1'CIIlI5l, lJeM nO,'l,TBepJJ,lIJl3 .n.aHIILIe A. C. LlOreJI5l (1899), 06Hapy-
>KIIBllIerO, 'ITO HeiipHTbl KJIC'TOK IHITpaMypaJlbHOrO rallrJIlHI cepJJ,ua
mmepBllpYIOT MbIlliellHYIO 060.'l01IKY KopoHapHoif ap1'epIUI.
H3:\t 3TOT cpeHoMeH YJJ,aBaJIOCb Ha6JI10;J.aTb lIeoJJ,HoKpanfO, oco-
OCHHO no OTHOllIeHlIlO K cocYJJ,aM nIlIlJ.C'BapIITeJIbHOrO TpaKTa.
HHTepecHolf oc06eHHocTblO )J,BllraTeJIbHOH IIHHepBaUHH HeKOTO-
pbIX apTeplIOJI (11 MeJIKIIX MarucTpaJIbHblX apTepllif opraHoB) 5lB-
:15leTC5l cBoe06pa3Hoe nepeI\pbITlle 30H paCl1pOCTpaHeHII5l o.n.-
HIIX BOJIOI\OH JJ,pynlMII, npllllIe,'J.llIlIMII 1I3 JJ,Pyrllx HCTOLJHHKOB.
IIa pHC. 113, a BIIJJ,IIO, 1{3I\ '1aCTb JJ,BHraTeJIbHbIX BOJIOKOH apTepH-
O_lbI H3 CTeHI\H npaBoro npeJJ,cepJJ,H5l JJ,ereHCpl1pyeT BCJIeJJ,CTBHe .n.e-
CilMnaTH3aUHII (Y,J.aJleHIIC BepxHero llIeiiHoro Y3JIa), ,'J.pyra5l lJaCTb
npe.n.CTaBJI5leTC5l BnOJIHC I1I1TaKTHoiL LlpynlMIl CJIOBaMH, .n.aHHaSl
ap1'epllOJIa nOJIYLJaeT JJ,BllraTeJIbHble HepBbI II I13 gangI. cervicale
superior, 11113 JJ,pyroro I\aKOrO-TO IICTOLJHIIKa - 1I3.n.pyrHx CHMnaTH-
'IeCKHX HJII1 napaCI1MnaTI1LJeCKIIX (no COBpeMeHHOll TepMI1HOJIOrHH
\"3.'IOB.
- TaKoii >Ke cpeHoMell H306pmKeH H Ha pl1c. 113,6. 3.n.ecb apTeplI-
0:13 I13 MlloKapJJ,a np3Boro npe.n.cep.n.IHI B cJIYLJae, KorJJ,a y )KHBOT-
HOro YJJ,aJIeHbI 3Be3JJ,'I3Tble Y3JIbl, cHa6>KeHa II JJ,ereHepl1pYIOUJ.I1MH,
II coxpaHHbIMII )J,BllraTeJIbHbIMII BO_lOKHaMIl.
Heooxo)J,IIMO OTMeTIITb, lJTO JIHllIeHHe apTepHOJIbI .n.BHraTeJIbHOii
IIHHepBaUIIH BJIelJeT 3a c06011 nap3JIHLJ ee MbIllIeLJHOH CTeHKH. 3TO
BbIpa)KaeTC5l B paCCJla6JIeHHlI cocy.n.a, B YBeJII1LJCHIIH ero .n.HaMeTpa
H B ynJIOllI.eHIIII MbIllICLJllbIX KJIeTOK, JJ,OCTHrmOllI.CM HIIorJJ,3 KpallllHX
CTeneHelf. Ha pllC. 114 H 115 3TO nOKa3aHO no OTHOllIeHHIO K apTe-
pllO.'laM lIa,'J.xp 5lllI.H II UbI yxa II no.n.CJIH3I1CTOii 06000LJKH nl1llI.e-
Bo.n.a.
no Mepe np1l6.1IDKeHlI5l K KanHJI_l5lpaM MbIllIeLJHa5l 060JIo'lKa
apn:'pHo,l npe1'epneBaeT I13MeHeHlI5I, 3aKJII0'JaIOllI.HeC5l rJIaBHbIM 06-
pa30M B TOM, LJTO 3JleMellTbI ee, nepBOHalJaJIbHO pacnOJIO)KeHHble
cn.'IOlIlnbIM CJIOeM, HalHlHaJOT pa3pe>K3TbC5l, pacnpCJJ,eJI5lTbC5l C npo-
Me>KYTI\a!\lII. Cna1JaJIa 31'11 npOMC>KYTKII HeBeJIIIKII, 3aTeM nOCTeneHHO
OHlI H3 1 lIlllalOT YBeJIII 1 IHBaTbC5I. OJJ,H3KO caMIl MLIIllC'llHble KJIeTKI;
COXpaH5lIOT eUJ.e CBOH nepBOlla l l3JIbllbIH xapaKTep II HIILJel\t He OTJIlI-
LJaIOTC5l 01' KJIeTOK, JIe)KallI.IIA CIIJIOIllllbIM CJlOeM B 6JIII>KaHUmX
npOKCIIMaJIbHbIX OTJJ,CJIaX apTC'pIlOJI. 31'0 Te >Ke JJ,JIHHHble, 60ra-
TbIe npOTOnJIa3MOII KJIeTKII C pacllIllpellHoH, con.ep>KaUJ.eH 5lJJ,po cpe.n.-
Heii lJaCTblO II cY>Klm31OllI.HMIIC5J KonuaMlI, CnllpaJIbHO 06BIIBalOllI.HMH
3Hn.OTe.ll1aJIbHYIO CTeHKY cocY)J,a.
10 T. A. rpllropLCB3
145
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PHC. 113, a, 6. ApTepHOJIbl H3 MHoKap,/\a npaBoro npe,/\cep.n I1H .
LlBl1raTeJIbliaH I1l1l1epBaLlHH. Cl1l1!naTlI'JeCKHe BOJIOKlla nepepO>K-
.naIOTCH nOCJIe y.naJIeHHH 3Be3,/\lJaTblX Y3JIOB C 06eHx CTOpOIi (a)
H BCJIe,/\CTBHe y,/\aJIellHH BepxHero llJeHIIOrO CHMnaTl1lJeCKOrO
Y3JIa CJIeBa (6) (06. 45x, OK. lOX; pHCOBaJIbllblH annapaT lIa
ypoBlie CTOJIa; npH nelJaTH YMellbllJeliO B 2 pa3a).
146
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PHC. 114. ApTepHoJla H3 lIa,/\xpHU\IIHUbl yxa. .[(ereliepaUHH
CHMnaTH1JeCKIIX lIepBHblx BOJlOKOIi (BCJIe,/\cTBHe npe,/\BapHTeJIbliOH
,/\ecilMnaTlI3aUI1H) II pacumpelille npocBeTa cocYlla. MHKP0<P0TO
(00. 45x, OK. lOx).
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PHC. 115. ApTepHoJla H3 nO,/\CJlII3HcToi\ 060JlO1JKH nl1U\eBo,/\a
(npenapaT E. }I. KOpblTlloro). .[(ereliepaUI1H CI1MnaTH1JeCKHX
BOJlOKOIi (BCJle.llCTBHe npe,/\BapHTeJlbliOH ,/\ecHMnaTH3aUHH) H
pacumpeliHe npocBeTa cocy,/\a. MI1KpO<pOTO (06. 45x,oK. lOx).
10*
147
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PHC. 116a. ApTeplloJIa 113 nO.llCJIII311CTOH 060JI01JKH nHU\eBO,/\a.
B MeCTe nepexo,/\a B KanHJIJIHp c<jJlJIIKTepo06pa3l1bIH Mexall1l3M.
CHMnaTH1JeCKHe BOJIOKlia nepepO)j{JJalOTCH BCJIe,/\CTBHe npe,/\BapH-
TeJIbHOH Jl.eCHMnaTH3aUIIH. ,LLBHraTeJIblible BOJIOKlia lIa cTeliKy
KanHJIJIHpa He nepexo,/\HT (06. 45x, OK. K 15x; pHCOBaJIbllblH
annapaT lIa ypoBlie CTOJIa; npH ne1JaTH YMeliblIlelio B P/2 pa3a).
II'
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:. "*1? -,.," .... '" .
,- -:. ... ... .. .. .., r ' . ",;;'1" '. -",:... ............ .
;;...,...,.-.- ... ::: 'If . -1, ...:;,.;- -. .... , - -
1['1 .
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PHC. 1166. KOlle1JllaH apTepHOJIa 113 coe}J.lllIllTeJIbllOTKalilioro CJIOH
KO>KH. nepexo,/\ ee B KanHJIJIHpbI. Pa3pe>KeliHe MblUIe1JllblX 3JIeMell-
TOB. ,LLBHraTeJIblible BOJIOKlia ,/\erelleplipYloT BCJIe.llCTBlie ,/\eCliMna-
TH3aUHH (06. 45 X. OK. lOx; pllCOBaJIbHblH annapaT lIa ypoBIIe
CTOJIa; npH ne1JaTli YMeHbUJeHo B P/ 2 pa3a).
148
f1oCTencHHO no Mepe npo.n.OJDI<alo erOCH pa3pellieHIIH MblllIe'IHblX
3JIel\leHTOB B CTeHKe apTepMOJI paCCTOHHHe MC}!<.n.y OT.n.eJIbHblMH Mbl-
llIe'IHblMH KJICTKaMIi Ha'IIIHaCT .n.OCTMraTb HeCKOJIbKHX COTeH MHKpO-
HOB. B 3TIIX npOMelliYTKax 3H.n.OTeJIMUJILlIaH CTeHKa apTepHOJIbl
HBJIHeTCH 06HallieHHOH H Henocpe.n.CTneHHO conpHKacaeTCH C OKPy-
:>KaIOI.IJ.eIi TKaHbIO.
Ha pllC. 116a M306pa:>KeHO MeCTO KOHe'IHbIX BeTBJIeHHH KO:>KHOii
apTepllOJIbl. Ha HeM XOpOllIO BH.n.Hbl MblllIe'IHble KJIeTKM C llIHpOKOii,
co.n.ep:>KaI.IJ.eH oKpyrJIOe H.n.pO, cpe.!I.Heii 'IaCTbIO. f1poTOnJIa3M3 IIX
CnHpaJIbHO 06BHBaIOI.IJ.IIX 3H.n.OTeJIIIii KOHUOB I1MeeT BH.n. CBeTJIblX ny-
3blpbKOB. f1epeTH:>KKH apTepllOJIbl, BblpalliaIOI.IJ.I1eCH B yrJIy6JIeHIIHX
3H.n.OTeJIlHI, CBH.n.eTeJIbCTBYIOT 0 CJ],aBJleHIIII apTepIlo.'Ibl B 3THX M(,-
CTax H, nOBII.n.HMOMY, 51B,,'IHIOTCH Bblpa}!-;eHIIeM TOHyca rJIa.n.KOMblllIell-
HblX KJIeTOK.
Ha pllC. 1166 BH.!I.HO, 'ITO npOMe:>KYTKH Melli.n.y OT.n.eJIbHbIMH Mbl-
llIe'IHblMH KJleTKaMII apTepHOJIbl CTaJIH eI.IJ.e 60JIbllIe. B HHX OT'IeT-
.1HBO BHD.Ha rOJIaH 3H.n.OTe.TJMaJIbHaH CTeHKa.
f1o.n.aBJIHIOI.IJ.ee 60JIbllIHHCTBO TaKHX apTepHOJI pacna.n.aeTcH H<i
hamlJIJI5IpbI. Hepe.n.Ko B MeCTe OTXO:>K.n.eHHH KanHJIJIHpa HMeeTCH
cqmHKTepo06pa3Hblii MexaHH3M H3 rJIa.n.KOMblllIe'IHblX KJIeTOK
(pIlC. 110). 3T0 06CTOHTeJIbCTBO OTMe'IeHO <t>YJITOHOM H JIYTl.leM
(1940, 1942) B HX HCCJIe.n.OBaHHHX npH nOMOI.IJ.H MMKpoMaHHnYJIH-
Topa M MIIKp03JIeKTpo.n.oB MeJIKHX cocy.n.OB B membrana retrolin-
gualis H3blKa JIHrYllIKH. Ho 'Iaw.e nepexo.n. apTepHOJIbl B KanHJIJIHp
cOBepllIaeTcH He3aMeTHO H Me:>K.n.y apTepl1OJIOM H KanHJIJIHpOM JIe-
}!\HT 60JIbllIOll OTpe30K cocy.n.a, npe.n.CTanJl5ll0II.lerO C060H 3H.n.OTe-
JIHaJIbHYIO Tpy60'IKY C JIe:>Kaw.H'VJH lIa HCM HU pa3JIH'IHbIX, 60JIbllIeii
'IaCTbIO 3H3'IHTeJIbHbIX paCCTOHHHHX J],pyr OT .n.pyra, rJIa.n.KOMblllIe'I-
HblMIi I(JleTKaMH, 06pa3YloI.IJ.IIMH cnHpaJlhHble BeTKH BOKpyr 3H.n.0-
TeJlHH (pHC. 1166). CnJlOllIb H pH.n.OM B KOHC'IHbIX BeTBHX TaKHX co-
cy.n.oB BCTpC'IaIOTCH H30JlHpOBaHHble rJJaJ],KOMblllIe'IHble KJIeTKH.
DOJIbllICli 'IaCTbIO OHH o6BHBaIOT 3H.n.oTeJIHi.j CnHpaJlbHblMH BHTKaMH.
I1Hor.n.a llie 3TII KJleTKH 60Jlee MaCCHBHbl II OXBaTbIBaIOT 3H.n.OTeJIHaJIb-
HYIO Tpy60 1 1I<Y CBOHMII KOpOTKHMII OTpocTKaMH (pHC. 117).
Ca!>l11 KanHJIJIHpbl nocTpoeHbl M3 o.n.Horo TOJIbKO 3H.n.OTeJIHH H
HHKaKHX .n.p yrn X 3JIeMeHTOB B cBoell CTeHKe He co.n.ep:>KaT
(pHC. 118 1I 119).
TaKHM 06pa30M, 06HapY}!{J1BaeTCH, 'ITO KOHe'IHbIM oTpe3KoM ap-
TepHOJIbl HB.TJHeTCH cocy.n. C KaJIII6pOM KanHJlJIHpa, HO cHa6llieH-
HblH pa36pocaHHbiMli no ero xo.n.y rJIa.n.KOMblllIe'lHbl'\1H KJIeTKaMH,
OT.n.eJIeHHbIMH .n.pyr OT .n.pyra pa3JIH'IHbUm paccToHHHHMH, HO o.n.HHa-
KOBO 06pa3Y10 Hl\III Ha nOBepXHOCTII 3H.n.OTeJlHaJIbHOH Tpy60'IKH
CBOHMH .n.JlIIHHbIMH KOHuaMH CnHpaJlbHble BHTKH.
3TH COCy.n.bl Ha OCHOBaHHH Kap.n.I1HaJIbHOrO npH3HaKa - H3JIH-
'IHH rJIa.n.KHX MbillIU B CTeHKe - HY:>KHO OTHeCTH K CHCTeMe apTepH-
aJIbHblX cocy.n.OB II C'IHTaTb HX apTepHOJIaMH, TeM 60JIee 'ITO MO:>KHO
npOCJIe.n.HTb Bce CTa.n.HH nOCTeneHHoro nepexo.n.a 06bl'IHblX MbIllIe'I-
HblX KJIeTOK, xapaKTepH3YIOIUHX apTepHH, K .n.JIHHHbIM C pacumpeH-
149
HOM Cpe)l.HeH LJaCTblO CnlfpaJIbHO paCnOJIO>KeHHbIM MblllIeLJHblM 3.1€-
MeHTaM KOHeLJHblX apTeplfOJI.
LLpyrl1MH CJIOBaMIf, Ha)l.O npH3HaTb, LJTO npOT5DKeHHOCTb apTe-
pIlOJl B OpraHH3Me rOpa3)1.0 60JILllIe, LJeM ::ITO npIlH5ITO C'lHTaTb B Ha-
CT05lmee BpeM5I. I1MeIOTc5I )l.JIHHlIble OTpe3KlI apTepllOJI, B KOTOpblX
MblllIeLJHble KJIeTKH paCnOJIO>KeHbl Ha 60JIbllIIIX paCCTOHHII5IX )l.P)T
OT )l.pyra H CTeHKa KOTOpblX B npOMe>KYTKaX M€>K)l.y :\lblllIeLJHblMII
3JIeMeHTaMU COCTOHT H3 O)].HOrO 3H)l.OTeJllJ5I.
HeCOMHeHHO, MblllIeLJHble I{J]eTKII 3THX apTepIlOJI II 6blJIli OnlfCaHbl
PY1Ke (1873, 1874) no)]. BII)l.OM cOKpaTIfT€JIbHbIX 3.1eMeHTOB KanHJI-
.15lpOB.
...: ,.
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PHC. 117. KOlle'lliaH apTepHOJIa 113 MHOKap,/\a JIeBOrO JKeJIY-
,/\O'lKa. O,/\HIIO'lliaH MbIllle'lliaH KJIeTKa OXBaTbIBaeT CBOHMH OTPOCT-
KaMH ee 911,/\OTeJIIiH. MHKpo<poTO (06. 100x, HMM., OK. lOx).
TaKHe apTepHOJIbl 6blJIH npHH5ITbl 3a KanHJIJI5Ipbl MaHepoM
(1902), KporoM (1922), BHMTpynoM (1922a, b) II l3eHCJIIf II BliM-
TpynoM (1928). Oc06eHHo )l.eMOHcTpaTliBHbl )l.aHHble nOCJIe)l.HHX aB-
TOpOB, KOTopble BH)I.€JIIi B KanHJIJI5IpaX KJIeTKH Py)!{e, a B 3THX no-
CJIe)l.HHX 06HapY)!{IfJIH MHOcplf6plfJIJIbi. fypMacpTaH H f1aHHbe (Goor-
maghtigh et Pannier, 1939), 1f3YLJa51 naparaHrJIHII H 06HapY>KHI3
B HIIX 'laCTb KanHJIJI5IpOB, cHa6)!{eHHb1X LlHPKYJI5IpHO pacnOJIO>KeH-
HbiMIi rJIa)l.KOMblllIeLJHblMH KJIeTKaMIi, T3K>Ke npliH5IJIH apTepIlOJIbl
3a KanHJIJI5Ipbl.
MblllIe'lHble KJIeTKH TaKHX KOHe'lHbIX aprepHOJI llheHHax Ii KaH
(Steinach If Kahn, 1903) CO'lJIIi 3a 3JIeMeHTbl, COKpamalOmlie KanHJI-
JI5Ip, TaHHeH6epr (1925) Ha3BaJI liX «npHBpaTHHKoBbIMH» KJIeTKaMli,
cnoc06HblMIi li3MeH5ITb npocBeT KanHJIJI5Ipa.
3Ty >Ke 01lIli6KY n03>Ke nOBTOplfJIH l3eexep (1936a, b) Ii
DOp)l.JI Ii , fpay Ii CT€pMaH (Bordley, Grow a. Sterman, 1938).
lED
113 1I3.'lO)j{eHHoro Ha)J.O C)J.eJIaTb BbIBO)J., LJTO TepMHHbl lJ.BeH<paXa
«\!bIWeLJHble KamfJIJI51pbl» HJIH «apTepHO-BeH03Hble MOCTHKH», npe)J.-
.......
..
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-
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PIIC. 118. KOllelJHaH apTepllOJIa 113 COe.l\IIIIIITeJIbIlOTKalilioro CJIOH
KO>KII MeCTO pacna.l\ellllH ee lIa KanIlJIJlHpbI. MbllllelJllble KJIeTKII II
CIIMnaTlIlJeCKlle BOJlOKlia B 06JIaCTII KanHJIJIHpOB OTCYTCTBYIOT (06. 45x,
OK. lOx; pHCOBaJIbllbIlj annapaT lIa ypoBlie CTOJIa; npll nelJaTH YMellb-
III ell 0 D Jl/ 2 pa3a).
...
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.'
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Pile. 119. KanllJIJIHp 113 MIIOKap.l\a JIeBOrO >KeJIY.l\OlJKa. MIIKpO-
(POTO (06. 100 X, HMM., OK. 7 X).
.1mheHHble HM )J.JIH 0603HalJeHlIH COCY)J.OB C )J.HaMeTpOM H CTPYKTY-
poii KanHJIJIHpOB, HO cHa6}!{eHHb1X rJIa)J.KHMH MblwuaMH, HeueJIe-
coo6pa3Hbl, TaK KaK HeT HHKaKHX npHHUHnHaJIbHbIX OCHOBaHHH Bbl-
151
lJJICII5ITb 3TY 'l3CTb 3 pTl')JlIO.i1LI 13 CTICllIW.'ILrlblii COCY,JJ:. Bna.l.leHHe
)!-;e 3THX cocy.n.OB HenOCpe.n.CTBeIlJlO B Bt'HY.lbl, 'lTO IJ.Bciicpax C t lIfT3eT
005l3aTeJIbHbll\f, BCTpe t WeTC5I, KaK 0YJ1<?T nOK33aHO .n.3JICe, lie TaK
'laCTO, KaK OH ,JJ:YMaeT. KpOMC Toro, TCpMIIH «apTcpII0-BeH03Hblii: MO-
CTHK», HenpaBHJIblIblH no cymeCTBY, MO)!-;eT nplIBeCTlI If K CMeweHlHO
0003Ha'laeMb1X 11M CTPYKTYP C He IIMelcmlIMH IIIIlJero oomero C HIfMII
apTepIfO-BeH03HbIMII aHaCTOM03aMH- 00pa30BaHH5IMII BnOJIHe pe-
3.1bHbIMH Ii Ba)!<HbIMII, BbInOJIH5IIOlllllMIf onpe,'J,eJIeHHble 33.n.alJlI B pe-
rYJIHpOBaHliH MecTHoro KpOBOTOKa. TepMIIH 4eMoepca «nepeBo.n.51-
InHH KaHaJI» paBHblM oopa30M Tep5leT CBOH OlblCJI, TaK KaK no CBoeMY
CTpoeHIfIO 3TOT KaHa.l 5IBJI5IeTC5I LJpTCpIlOJIOii:, pacna,'Ial0ll.\eiic5I Ha
KamlJIJI5Ipbl.
CBoeoopa3Hoe CTpOCIIIIC KOHetlIIblX 3 pTeplIO.l, Bblpa)!-;alOI..U.eeC5I
B OOHa>KeHHIf 60JIbllleii tlaCTlI 3H.n.OTCJIlfL1JIbHOii nOBepXHOCTlI, KOTO-
pa51 CTaHOBHTC5I OJIaro,JJ:apn 3TOMY cnOCOOHOII BXO,JJ:IfTL B TeCHoe CO-
npHKOCHOBeHIfe C OKpY>KalOI..U.IIMIf CTpYKTypaMIf If nponYCKaTb qepe3
ceo51 Bell.\eCTBa H3 KpOBH B TKaHIf U oopaTHO, conp5I)!-;eIl0 C n05lB.le-
HHeM HOBOH CPYHKUHH 3THX cocy.n.OB. Hap5l.n.y C COXpaH5I1OIl.\eHC5I
cnOCOOHOCTblO K H3MeHeHH5IM npOCBeT3 OJIaro.n.ap51 HaJIH'lIllO OT-
,JJ:eJIbHbiX rJIa,JJ:KOMbllllelJHblX 3JICMeHTOB, T. e_ Hap5l.n.y C CPYHlUlHel<i
perYJIIfpOBaHJHI KpOBOTOKa KOlIe'lHble apTepHOJIbl npuoopeTalOT
cnOCOOHOCTb K Y'laCTHlO B OOMeHHblX peaKUH5IX B opraHax.
n03TOMY HaCTomUUMH cocy.n.aMU opraHOB, OOeCne'lHBalOI..U.IIMII
nHTaHHe H cneUHcpHlJeCKIfH OOMeH IIX 3JIeMCHT3M, CJIe.n.yeT C'lIITaTL
KOHelJHbie a pTepHOJIbl, l{anlIJIJI5Ipbl U BCIIYJIbI.
HY>KHO OTMeTUTb, qTO B p5l.n.e opraHOB - B KO>Ke, B nHI..U.eBapH-
TeJIbHOM TpaKTe, B M5IrKOii M03rOBOH OOOJIOqKe, B MO'leBOM ny-
3blpe - p5l.n.OM C KanHJIJI5IpaMIf, npOCBeT KOTOpblX He npeBbIluaeT
10-12 p., BCTpe'laIOTCH H TaKlIe, KOTopble npaBHJIbHeC H33BLJTb CH-
HYCOH.n.aMH HHor.n.a C otleHI> KpymlblM .n.uaMeTpoM. O.n.HaKo OCHOB-
HaH npHHUHnHaJIbHaH 'lepTa CTpoeHUH KanHJI.l51pa - H3JI1f'llle
B CTeHKe o.n.Horo TOJIbKO 3H.n.OTCJIHH - BLlpa>KeHa If B HHX, KaK 130
Bcex OCTaJIbHblX KamlJIJI5IpaX (pHC. 120).
B CBH3H co BceM CKa3alIHblM B03HHKaeT OCOOblH HHTepec K HH-
HepBaUHoHHblM OTHOllleHHHM B opraHHblx cocy.n.ax - B KOHelJHblX
3pTepHOJI3X, B KamfJIJI5Ipax H BeHYJIax.
KOHe'lHble apTepHOJIbl B CBH3H C Tel\f, 'lTO OHIf BbInOJIH5IIOT If Ka-
KYIO-TO qaCTb perYJIllpoBaHHH. KpoBoToKa, ,JJ:OJI>KHbl oOJla.n.aTb pe-
nenTopHblMH MeX3HJI3l\faMII, perlIcTpllpYlOll.\UMII TOHYC HX rJIa,JJ:KoH
MycKYJIaTypbl H CTenCHb P3CTH)!-;eHU5I CTeHKH. B COOTBeTCTBIIlI C 3TlIM
OHU CHaO>KeHbl 'lYBcTBHTeJIbHbll\lH OKOH'laHHHMH, IfMelOll.\lfMH oOJIee
HJIH MeHee TeCHbIH KOHTaKT C 3JIeMeHTaMU caMoii CTeHKIf, npe,JJ:e-
JIaMIf KOTOpOH H OrpaHHlJUB3IOTC5I HX BeTBJICHH5I (puc. 121).
O.n.HaKo TaKHMIf pellenTopllblMH nplfoopaMU He HCqepnbIBaeTCH
60raTCTBO UX 'lYBCTBIfTeJIbHOIf IIHHepBaUHH.
Me>K.n.y qYBCTBHTeJIhHblMH HepBHblMIf BOJIOKHaMU If CTeHKOH CO-
cy.n.a B 00JI3CTU nepmpeplf'leCKOrO KpOBOTOKa YCTaHaBJIIfBaeTCH HO-
BblH Tun B3aHMOOTHOllleHIIH, OOeCnelJHBaIOI..U.HX 3TOT nepIfcpepu-
152
'leCKlIii KpOBOTOI,- B031IlIKaCT 1l0BaR <pOpI\W pcuenTopOB, cneUH-
<pII'lHaR IIMeHHO a..Tm KOHeQHbiX apTCpHOJI, Kam1JIJI51pOB II Ha'laJIbHbiX
BeHYJI, CB513aHlW51, nOBII,lJ,HMOMY, C TCMH IIOBblMH <PYHKUHOHaJIbHblMH
3a.n.aQa:\lII, KOTopble BbInOJIIl5IIOT 3TH cocy.n.bl.
,
' " '0
, "
0 .
. , . .
, . . ' 0
, , .
< -
r
.
, . " / ,
0' .
-':,
. ,
( .,
---
. ,- #'
, . \
.... *. . -..
.
. .
.. t.. .
..
.. rill.,
-\. .I'
...
\
..
.
OIl. .*
-II
.
PHC. 120. Bell0311bliI KanHJI.1Hp ClIlIycOH.l\IIOrO TIIna H3 CTeHKH MOlJeBOrO
nY3bIPH. PeuenTop B 06JI8CHI 3Toro KanHJIJIHpa (06. 45 X, OK. 10 x;
pIlCOBaJIhllblii <lnnapaT I1a ypoDlie CTOJIa; npH ne ' IaTH YMelibIllelio
B 2 pa3a).
I
I I , · ---:--- rr'i\}';'
nt 1 .\' V,\ I, " .
r \\H\\ft t I . \. 1)'_<
rJji-i 3JT; -. ,
t
/ ... il.,"
,-,; \\\ ' \
\\ \\\ 1 I fHl\ t 1; \H/,
, . \ ,.:. 1\
'\..\ ,.U}\ ".
;,' 'i!l!.!!n.
"- .c;;a .""'-
\ .....
. .."."'..,.
' . '...<.,'1 '\:"})I
,,\'\" .;1:......:.1
., ", :};6"''1
1 ,
1-1\\11:, ,+1Hthm
", Lt.
. ,
o\\\" ,
i<llll'
,ft r -
,I'-) . J
PIIC. 121. ApTepIlo.1a I13 IIIIIOKap.1.a npaDoro npe,'\cepJ].I1H. PeuenTop
Ha ee CTeliKe (06. 60x, OK. 15x; plICOBaJIbllblH annapaT lIa ypoBlie
CTOJIa; npll ne'laTIl YMelibIllelio B JI/2 pa3a).
XapaKTepHoii ocooeHHOCTLIO peuenTopoB opraHHbix cocy.n.Olt
5lBJl5IeTC51 TO, '1TO OHH HHKor.n.a He npHHa)J.JIe>l,aT TOJIbKO cocy.n.y.
a Bcer.n.a OXBaTblBalOT CBOHMH pa3BeTBJIeHH51MH II YliaCTOK oKpy}!{alO-
meH coe.n.HHHTeJIbHOH (liHor.n.a 3nHTeJIHaJIbHOH H MblllleliHOH) TKaHH.
B oco6eHHocTH 3TO OTHOCHTC51 K KanIIJIJI51paM.
153
r-
- "
...,
..'
..
"
I /,
i i ' #.f : '.', ,
J ' 1
' \. J' ,-
f #/
; ,t't.1J ",.'
-- I'
'. #!><. ..
t- .
.) .
,;-
,.
.
' " 0>"
." ..";
./
If
"f .
#
..
If'
..
..,. ." .,.
.,.
PHe. 122. ApTep110.TJa 113 cpe,ll.Heii 060JIO ' IKH rpY.l\IIOH aOpTb[
B MeCTe nepeXO,ll.a ee B KamIJIJIHp. Ha KanHJlJIHpe 06UJllii
.l\JIH HerO II OKpY>KaIOUJeii cOe,ll.IIHIITeJIbllOii TKali1l peuenTOp
H3 HeCKOJIbKIIX MellHCKOB (06. 100 X, IIMIII., OK. 10 X; PII-
COBaJIbllbIii annapaT IJa ypOBlie CTOJIS; npH ne'laTII YMeIJb-
weIJo B 2 pa3a).
3TH peuenTOpbI MOrYT HMeTb pa3HOe CTpOeHHe. HHOr.n.a 3TO He-
<:KOJIbKO KOHueBbIX MeHHCKOB, paCnOJIO>KeHHbIX Ha KanHJIJISJpe H
BOKpyr Hero (pHC. 122), nplJlleM MeHlJCKH npHHa.n.JIe>KaT HeCKOJIbKHM
OT.n.eJIbHbIM BOJIOKHaM, cocpe.n.oTO'lIlBlllHM
B OD.HOM MeCTe CBOH KOHueBble npu6opbl.
B .n.PYrHX CJIY'laHX peuenTopbl npe.n.cTaB-
JlHIOT C060H .n.Ba OKOH'laHHH OT.n.eJlbHbIX
BOJIOKOHeu: O.n.HO Ha KanHJIJIHpe, PY-
{"oe B 6JIH>KallllleM HJIH 60JIee OT.n.aJIenHOM
Y'laCTKe COeD.HHHTeJIbHOH TKaHH, a 3TH
OTD.eJIbHble D.Ba BOJIOKOHua HBJIHIOTCH KO-
He'lHbIMH BeTBHMH O.n.HOro II Toro >Ke TOJI-
CToro MHKOTHOro BOJIOKHa (pHC. 123).
llaCTo peuenTopbI nocTpoeHbI 60JIee
C:IO>KHO U OXBaTbIBalOT o.n.HoBpeMeHHo H
KanHJ1JIHpbl, H oKpY>KalOI.I.I.YIO coe.n.HHHT< JIb-
HYIOTKaHb (pHC. 124a, 1246). TaKHe peuen-
TOpbl .n.OBOJIbHO 'laCTO BCTpe'laIOTCH H B
06JIacTlI KOHe'lHbIX apTepHOJI (pHC. 124B).
Ha6JIlo.n.alOTcH H 60JILlllUe, 60JIblile ca-
MOro KanUJIJIHpa, e.n.UHH'lHble HJIII MHO-
:meCTBeHHble KOJI6oo6pa3Hble, lIHKancy-
.1lipOBaHHble TeJIa, npHJIe}!{aI.I.I.lle OD.HOH
cBoeli nOBepxHocTblO K KanUJIJIHpy, a .n.PY-
rJI!\1l1 06paI.I.I.eHHble K OKPY>KalOlllCli co-
c.J,uHHTeJIbHOH TKaHH H no.n.BepralOlllllecH
B03.n.eHcTBuHM KaK co CTOpOHbI cocy.n.a,
T3K H co CTOpOHbI COeD.JlHHTeJIbHOH TKaHH.
TaKue peuenTopbI oco6eHHo THrOTelOT
K KanHJIJIHpaM CJlHYCOJl.n.Horo THna H K
Ha'laJIbHblM BeHYJIaM, B KOTOpblX TOJIbKO
.e,lUHII'lHble rJIaD.KOMblllle'lHble KJIeTKU
BnepBble nOHBJIHIOTCH cHapY>K1I OT 3H.n.O-
TeJIlJH (puc. 125).
llacTo BH.n.HO, oco6eHHo B Y'laCTKaX
C JlHTeHCHBHbIM TKaHeBbIM o6MeHoM (na- l
paraHrJIlIOHapHaH II >KeJle3I1CTaH TKaHb),
'lTO peuenTop npe.n.cTaBJlHeT C060H 06111HP-
Hoe 06pa30BaHJle B Bn.n.e KOHueBoro KY-
CTHKa HJIH .n.epeBua, OXB3TbIBaIOI.I.I.erO H
KOHe'lHYIO apTepHOJIY, Ii BeCb Y'la-
CTOK npliHa.n.Jle>KaI.I.I.Hx elf KamlJIJlHpOB
BMeCTe co cneumpH'lecKoli TKaHblO opraHa.
O'leHb 'laCTO B COCTaB TaKHX peuenTOpoB
BXO.n.HT nepeKpbIBalolllHe .n.Pyr .n.Pyra
KYCTlJKIi, o6pa30BaHHble pa3HblMH BOJIOKlIaMH (puc. 56 H 57).
CnJlOlilb H pH.n.OM ueJloe cocy.n.HCToe nOJle KOHe'lHbIX apTepHOJI,
-Kanll.1JIHpOB H BeHYJI OXBa'leHO 60JlblilUM peuemopoM (puc. 126).
155
"
J
/1
it
, .
1,
..
"
PIIC. 123. KanHJlJIHp 113
coe.l\1III IITeJI 1,11 OTKa IIlIoro
CJIOH KO>KII. 06W.HH pe-
uenTop .l\JIH lIero II OKPY-
>KalOw.eH TKalilI (06. 45 X,
OK. 15 X; plICOBaJIbllblH
annapaT lIa ypoBlie CTO-
JIa; nplI ne'laTII YMeHb-
lllellO B 2 pa3a).
Pa3110BH.n:HOCTbJO 3THX >Ke CJIO>KHbIX peuenTOpOB SlBJISlIOTCSI H
TaKHe, B COCTaB KOTOpblX BXO.n:SlT I1IlKanCYJIHpOBaHHble OKOH'laHI1P.J
M HellHKanCYJllIpOBaHHble .n:peBOBH.n:Hble pa3BeTBJleHHSI HepBHblX BO-
J10KOH (pHC. 127).
Oc060ro BHI1MaHlUI 3aCJlY}J{HBaJOT peLl,enTOpbl, BKJlIO'laIOIII.HE'
B ce6S1, KpoMe HepBHblx KOMnOHellTOB, eIII.e 60JlblilOe KOJlH'leCTBO
BcnOMOraTeJlbHblX KJleTOK. CJlmKHble pa3BeTBJleHHSI TaKoro peLl,en-
Topa, Bxo.n:SlIII.He B HHTIIMHblH KOHTaKT C 3TIIMII KJleTKaMH, pacno-
J1araIOTCSI Ha .n:OBOJlbHO 06111IIpHbIX Y'laCTKaX coe.n:IIHHTeJlbHOH TKaHl1,
co.n:ep)KameH cBoe06pa,3Hble KanUJlJlSlpbl C neTJle06pa3HblM XO.n:OM Ii
r
\..
Pile. 124a. KanllJIJIHp H3 COe.l\IIIIIITeJIbIlOTKalilioro CJlOH KO)/{H. 06U\IIH
peIJenTOp .l\JIH lIero II oKpy)/{aIoU\eH TKali1l (06. 45 X, OK. 10 X;
pHCOBaJIbllblH annapaT lIa ypoDHe CTOJIa; npll ne'laTII YMellbllIeliO
B 2 pa3a).
6YXTo06pa3HblMI1 paClllHpe1II1S1MH. I1MeHHo 3TO cBoe06pa3IIe KamlJI-
J1S1pa, 06IIJlbHOe HepBHoe cHa6>KeHIIe IJ 60JlblilOe KOJlWleCTBO Bcno-
MOraTeJlbHblX KJleTOK, YKa3bIBaloT Ha 3aKOHOMepHOCTb TaKOH CTPYK-
Typbl II .n:aJOT npaBO TpaKTOBaTb ee KaK peuenTOp, HMeIOIII.HH, no-
BII.n:HMOMY, KaKoe-TO CneLl,IIaJlbHOe 3Ha1.JeHHe (pHC. 26).
f10.n:BO.n:SI IITor Ha6J1JO.n:eHHSlM 1.JVBCTBIITeJlbHbIX OKOH'laHIIH 15 06-
J1aCTII nepmpepII'leCKOrO KpoBo06pameHIISI, T. e. B opraHHblX cocy-
.n:ax - KOHe'lHbIX apTepIIOJlaX, KamIJIJlSlpaX II BeHYJlaX-, HY>KHO
OTMeTIITb O)lHY Ba)!<HYIO HOBYJO 'lepTY peLl,enTOpOB 3TlIX cocy.n:OB.
OHII npI1Ha.n:J1e}J{aT He TOJlbKO CTeHKe cocy.n:a, HO, BbIXO.n:SI 3a era
npe)J,eJlbl, IIHHepBl1pYIOT II cocy.n:, II OKpY>KaJOmylO coe)J,IIHIITe.1bHYIO
TKaHb. C nOJlHblM npaBOM MO)!(HO Ha3BaTb TaKIIe peLl,enTOpbI COCY-
)J,IICTO-TKaHeBbIMII.
OnIICaHI1S1 TaKIIX COBMeCTHblX .n:J1S1 cocy.n:a II oKpy)!(alOIII.ell TKaHH
peuenTopOB BpeMSI OT BpeMeHII BCTpe'laIOTCSI B J1IITepaType. EIII.€"
156
/
'Q
..\0.....
b..
ao.
.J.<:::d
r -"'" -:
t .
'::: .. -. - . .
.
-,..
«-;, r !"" ,'.
. , ,.o.
PIIC. 1240. Kanll.TJJIHp 113 MIiOKap,'\a npaBoro npeiJ,Cep.l\IIH (npenapaT
JI. A. 4epBOBOH). 0611UlpllbIH COBMeCTllbIH .l\JIH KanllJIJIHpa H
OKpY>KaloU\eii TKali1i pellenTOp (06. 60 X. OK. 20 X; pliCOBaJIbllbIH
annapaT lIa ypoBlie CTOJIa; npn ne'laTII YMelibweliO B 2 pa3a).
.... 1f....
... . :'
'..
"
- .. ..;:;
.,.'- ( .,
',,:-- 4' .
-.,J, ';"""'10,.
.,/ >..",:"
... T
.. .; ,"
.,. ',"
",;:.;
..fk-
, "I "
\.1.iot,.
/.
.-t:
<AA. : ,.
...r
'. '\,,'
," 't; .
, t.
,: ¥
5
". .
'fit
.. ,
,.:-. :'
.
,-
" . J'
'r
,
... ,..
9.'
t":'
,
.\ \
,. \0')
. . )
,'"
,
..
,.,
\
.'
"
PIIC. 12-1n. KOlle 1 1HaH apTepllOJIa 113 npaBoro npe.l\Cep.l\HH. 06U\1Ii!
pel\enTOp J1J1H lIee H OK PY>KaloU\eii TKali1i (06. 60x, OK. 15x; pIlCO-
lIa_lbllbIii ann a paT lIa ypOlllle CTO_Hi; npll ne1J\lTII YMelibweliO
D 2 pa3a).
157
MopHCOH (Morison, 1898) OnHCaJI B MHrKOH M03roBoH 060JIO'lKe-
'lyBcTBHTeJIbHble HepBHble OKOH'laHI1H, o6I..U.l1e .n.JIH cocy.n.OB H OKPY-
)KalOI..U.eH coe.n.I1HHTeJIbHOH TKaHI1. BYJIJIap.n. (1926) BH.n.eJI TaKl1e >Ke-
peLlenTopbl B 06JIaCTI1 nepmpepH'leCKHX cocy.n.OB KOHe'lHOCTeH.
B cBoeH pa60Te no HHHepBaLll111 I..U.I1TOBI1.n.HOH >KeJIe3bl HOHH.n.er.I.
(1930, 1935b) ynoMHHaeT 0 pacnpoCTpaHeHHblx 'lYBcTBI1TeJIbHbIX
OKOH'laHHHX, OXBaTblBalOI..U.I1X apTepl10JIbl, KanHJIJIHpbl 11 6JII1>KaH-
lime K HHM Y'laCTKI1 cOe)lI1HHTeJIbHOH TKaHI1. B .n.aJIbHeHllleM!l1x
, -... 1
to)l
.--. 0 ':J
. I i :-, Ilt,/tl n
I I1U, . 'f n ": "'..J
,. , , \ x. Q / . \ ;
-t :) ;.. ;.: .' , . .
, ," ;..,'.' --
.; J .
,r < ;' ' l ' ..... _'. ;>" ....,.
J: _ ";"'..L.."'<;..' -r £
_ ,:.:::: I ) . "
>-,:: ,,- - - :: : ':/ .. . .! -'.
:" I:<-' , _. --
" -.
PIIC. 125. HalJaJIbliaH BellYJIa 113 COe.l\III1I1TeJIbIlOTKaHHoro
cnOH KO>KII. .aBa IIIIKanCYJIHpOBalilibIX peuenTopa OKOJIO
lIee (06. 45 X. OK. 15 X; pllCOBaJIbllblH annapaT lIa ypoBlie
CTOJIa; npn nelJaTII YMelibweliO B 6 pa3).
BI1.n.e.rr KJIapK (1931) B pia mater, H. .lJ.. .lJ.oBrHJIJIO (1932) - B dllfa
mater, reHJIOp (1934) - B 6poHxax, JIaHryopClJ 11 OpTera (1943) -
B pa.n.Y>KHOH 060JIO'lKe rJIa3a, POCCI1 (Rossi, 1950) - B cycTaBHbTx
CVMKax. He.n.aBHo TaKHe >Ke OKOH'laHI1H Onl1CaJIH T. C. I1BaHoBa
(1953), A. H. JII1BeH (1953), A. A. MHJIOXI1H (1953) B nl1I..U.eBapl1-
TeJIbHOM TpaKTe H T. B. KpeCTlJHCKaH (1952, 1953) B MOJIO'lHOll
>KeJIe3e.
TOJIbKO BYJIJIap.n. (1926), a 3aTeM reHJIOp (1934) C'lI1TaIOT, 'lTO
TaKl1e o6I..U.l1e .n.JIH cocy.n.a H oKpY>KaIOI..U.l1x TKaHeH peuenTopbl npe.n.-
CTaBJIHIOT C060H MOpcpOJIOrH'leCKI1H cy6CTpaT cnoco6HoCTH 'lYBCT-
BI1TeJIbHOrO HepBHoro BOJIOKHa (cOrJIaCHO TeopHH EeHJIHca) K aHTH-
.n.pOMHOMY npoBe.n.eHI1IO cocy.n.opacllll1pHIOI..U.erO HMnYJIbca. OCTaJIb-
158
HbIe TOJIbKO ynoMHHaJOT 06 3THX pelJ,enTopax B lJ,eJI5IX TOIIHOrO onH-
caHHSI q,aKTOB, He nbITa5lCb ll.aTb HM KaKOe-JIH60 06'bSlCHeHHe.
5. H. J1aBpeHTbeB (1943), Ha6JIJOJl.aSl TaJ(He )l{e pelJ,enTopbl BO
MHorHX opraHax, Ha3BaJI IIX «nOJIlIBaJIeHTHbIMIf» H TaK)I{e Jl.OnycKaJI,
lITO TaKa51 CTpYI<Typa lIYBCTBHTeJIbHbIX annapaToB eCTb Bblpa)l{eHHe
cnoc06HocTH HX n)'TeM KOpOTKHX aKcoH-peq,JIeKCOB Bbl3bIBaTb pac-
IlmpeHlIe COCYJl.OB.
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PHC. 126. HaJ\xpHllJHIIUa YWlloro XpHllJa. OGWIIpHblH peueIlTop, OXBa-
TbIBalOllJHH apTepllOJIbl, KaIIII.1JIHpbI H OKPY>KalOllJYIO HX TKaHb.
LlBHraTeJIblible HepBbl COCY.l\IICTbIX IIIblWU .l\ereHeplIpYloT BC:H'llCTBHe
npe,lBapllTeJIblIOH ,'1eCHIllIIaTlI3aUIIII (06.45 <. OK. IU x; pliCOBaJIbllblH
annapaT lIa ypoBlie CTOJIa; nplI neljaTII YMeHLweHo B 2 pa3a).
BCJIeJl. 3a 5. H. J1aBpcHTLeBbI:\1 TaKoe )),e 06'b5lCHeHHe Ha6JIJOJl.a-
eMbIM lIMlI aHaJIOfll l lIlbIi\1 (paKTaM Jl.aJOT E. K. nJIeIIKOB3 (1948a),
A. M. J151xOBelJ,KHH (19:39, 1948), A. C. AJIbTIllYJIb (1940, 1948) H
B. M. rOJl.HHOB (Jl.HCC. 1948)_
E. K. n"leIIKOBa (1942, 1944a, 6, 1948a, 6) BHJl.eJIa B cepJl.lJ,e
H MOIIeBOM nY3bIpe OKOHIIaHII5I, npOHCXOJl.51IlJ,IIe H3 O)J.Horo H Toro )J(e
lIYBCTBHTeJIbHOrO BOJIOKHa, pacnOJI3raIOIlJ,HeC5I CBOHMH BeTB5IMH
Ha MeJIKHX cocYJl.ax H OKp)')J(aJOIlJ,IIX HX CTpYKTypax 3TlIX opraHOB.
TaKOH )l{e q,eHOMeH BIIJl.eJI B M5IfKOH MmroBoii 060JIOIIKe rOJIOBHOrO
M03ra A. M. J151xoBelJ,KHll (1948), a A. C. AJIbTIllYJIb (1948) -
B KHllleIIHliKe MJIeKOnlfTaJOIlJ,IIX )J(lIBOTHblX. KaK CKa3aHO Bblllle,
Bce OHli lICTOJIKOBaJIH CBOli Ha6JIJOJl.eHH5I B Jl.yxe KOHlJ,enlJ,HH
5ellJIHca_
159
npaB.n:a, 13 TOM llie 1948 r. E. K. nJ1C l ll<OBa (194813), no.n:BO.n:SI
HTor CBOHM .n:aHHblM no IIHHepBaILHII neplJ(peplJ'leCKlJX COCy.n:OB H
no.n:TBeplli.n:a51 CTapblMH H 1I0BbIl\III npllMep3MII 'laCToTY HaXO)l(.n:eHHSI
{([JOJTHBaJ1eHTHbIX» OlmH'laJlllii 13 06JJaCTII ncplJ(peplJlleCimrO I(POBO-
TOKa, He HaCTaJII33eT CTOJ1b K3TerOplJlIeCKII H3 CBoeM npC}KHeM IICTOJ1-
KOBaHIIH :Horo 06CT05lTeJ1bCTBa, a 60JlhUlC CKJ10HSJeTC5I K MblCJ1H, 'lTO
no.n:06Hble OKOII'laHII5I npe.n:CT3I3JTfIIOT co6oii OCTaTKIf qmJ10reHeTlJ'le-
CKII 60J1c(' CT3pblX CIfCTC:\I, 6o.nce npll\lIITIIBHblX no cBneli cpYHKUIiH.
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PHC. 127. KanllJIJ1Hp H3 COe;:I.HIIIITe.lbIlOTKalilioro COCOljKa KO}lUI.
CJIO>KllblH peuenTop, nOCTpoellllblii 113 pa31\CTBJIellIlii lIepBlioro
BOJIOKlia H IIHKanCYJIHpOBallHOIi KO.10bl, 0011lHH 1l.1H KanllJI.1Hpa
H OKPY>KaI011IHX ljaCTeii (06. 45x, OK. 15 X; pHCOBaJlb!;blH an-
napaT lIa ypOBlie CTOJIa; IIpli ne ' laTIl YMeHbweHO B P/2 pa:'2).
nonblTKII MHOrIlX IIcc.ae,'t0133TCJ1cii ,J,3Tb 06'bSJCHeHlle 3TlIi\I COB-
MeCTHblM .n:.151 cocy.n:3 II OKppKaJOlll.eii TKaHiI peuenTopa:\1 He CJ1Y-
'laiiHbI H Bbl3Ballbl cpaKTOM lJaCToro lIa.1I1 l 11151 TaKIiX pell.enTOpOB
HMeHHO 13 06JTaCTH nepllcpcpHlleClwro COCY,'J,IICToro PYCJ13.
MOlliHO CK33aTb .n:mKe 60J1Lwe. Ll:m neplJ(pCpll'leCKOrO cocy.n:H-
CToro pYCJ1a peuenTopbl, KOTOpblC 13 nO.1110:\1 CMbICJ1e 3Toro CJ10Ba
SJBJT5IIOTC5I cocy.n:HCTO-TKaHeBbIMII, OIW3blI3aJOTCSI THnlI'lHbI:\IIf. IIMeH-
HO 3.n:eCb cocY,'III CTbll'i peucnTop, OCTaBaSJCb TaKOBbl:\I, pacnpe-
.n:eJT5IeTC5I 'laCTblO CBOHX BeTBeii 13 OKPYlliaJOlll.eii TKaHH H IIHHepBH-
pyeT He TOJ1bKO cocy.n:, HO O.n:IIOBpCMeIlIlO II npHJ1ellialll.YIO K HeMY
coe.n:mUlTeJ1bHYIO, a HHor i 'J,3 If 3nInc.'l1l3.1bHYIO TKaHb.
160
D.JUl HJIJIIOCTpalJ,HlI :,)TOrO nOJIOmeHIIH MOLKHO npllBeCTH ,lI,aHHble,
1I1\IelOllJ,lIeCH B pa60TaX MIIT'IeJIa (Mitchell, 1951), J1eHTUa (Lentz,
1952) II B. M. rO,lI,lIllOBa (1952). MHT'leJI HCCJle,lI,OBaJI HepBHble npH-
60pbl B nO'lKe, J1eHTU - B CeJIC3eHKe, B. l\l. rO,lI,HHOB - B ne'leHH.
Bce OHII nO;I.'lepKHBaIOT, 'ITO B 3THX opraHax pelJ,enTOpbl KamIJIJISI-
pOB II peuenTopbl napellXJI:\lbl HeOTJI,e.,lHMbl.
HeCOMHeHHO, TaKa51 TP3HC(pOpMaUHH peuenTopa Bbl3BaHa 'Ipe3-
Bbl'laHllO CYllJ,CCTBellllbIMII II B nepBYIO OlJepe,lI,b (PIl3HOJIOrIllJeCKHMH
UpJIlJHHaMH.
EllJ,e B 1868 r. A. rOJIy6eB nO,lI,lJCpKIIBaJI rpOMa,lI,HOe 3Ha'IeHIIe
KamlJIJISlpa KaK MeCTa 001lleHa BellJ,CCTB MC>K.lI.Y KpOBblO H TK3HHMH.
Ha cYllJ,eCTnellllYlo pom, K3nIIJIJIHpOB B 06MeHe BellJ,eCTB YKa3bIBaJIH
H. <P. LLIIOH (1873) H Kpor (1922, 1927). Pa60'IHM opraHoM o6MeHa
Ha3bIB3JI K3nIIJIJIHpbl H O,lI,epMaT (Odcrmat, 1922).
B CaMOl\l ,lI,C.,le, KanIIJIJI5Ip 11 6JIPDlwiiume K HeMY oTpe3KlI apTe-
plIOJIbl II BCH)'JIbl pacno.IJOLKCHbl B l\ICCT3X, r,[I,e OCIIOBHblM cpYHKlJ,HO-
H3J1bHbI:\1 Ha31Ia'ICHHe 1 COCY,lI,3 51BJI5IeTCSJ 06MelI BellJ,eCTB, Tpe6ylO-
llJ,IIU ,lI,JIH cl3oero HOpM3JIbHOrO npOTCK31I1151 TO'lHOrO C6aJIaHCHpO-
BaHIiH nOTpe6HoCTeH TI<alleu H B03MO)l{HOCTeii KpOBI1. 3ra TO'lHaSl
C6aJIaHCHpOBaHHocTb MomeT oCYllJ,eCTBJIHTbCSJ TOJIblW npH YCJIOBHH,
CCJIH 3TH nOTpe6HOCTli H B03MomllOCTlI 6Y,lI,YT HaXO..'l.HTbCSI nOA KOHT-
po.,leM annapaTa, perHCTpllpYIOllJ,era MaJIeUUme CJI,BHrH, npOHCXO-
,J.51llJ,lIe B l\IeCTax HHTHMHoro conpllKOCHOBeHIIH napeHXHMbl opraHa
C l<pOBeHOCHbIMH COCY,lI,aMH, T. e. KaK pa3 B 06JIaCTH nepHcpepH'le-
CKoro KpOBOTOKa.
TaKHM 06pa30M, cpH3IIOJIOrH'leCKlIe YCJIOBHSI TaKOBbl, 'lTO pelJ,en-
TOpbl, pacnOJIOmeHHble B 06JIaCTH KOHC1IHblX 3pTepHOJI, l<3nIiJIJIHpOB
H BeHYJI, AOJImHbl 06CJIymllBaTb He TOJIbl<O COCY,lI" HO H oKpymalO-
llJ,YIO TKaHb, T. e. 6blTb COCY,lI,HCTO-TK3HeBbIMII 1 .
B CBoe BpeMH O)l.epMaT (1922), a ,lI,0 Hero ellJ,e Xerep (1887) H
D. lO. KaycpMaH (1912) YKa3bIB3JIlI, 'lTO ,lI,CHTe.TJbHOCTb KanHJIJISlpa
Hel\lblCJIHMa 6e3 BblCOKOH 'lYBCTBHTeJILHOCTH. 1\\bl co cBoeii CTOpOHbI
1\10meM npH6aBHTb, 'lTO 3Ta BbICOKa51 'lYBCTBIITeJILHOCTb He orpaHH-
'lHBaeTCH TOJIbKO KanIIJIJIHpOM, a pacnpOCTpalIHeTCH H Ha ol<PymalO-
llJ,IIU era Y'laCTOK COe,lI,HHHTeJIbHOii TK3HII II 06eCne'lHBaeTCH 06llJ,HM
.J..1Sl HHX 060HX pelJ,enTopoM. A TaK KaK B np0lJ,eccax 06 IeHa BellJ,eCTB
npHHIIMaeT Y'laCTHe He TOJIbKO KanU.,lJISJp, HO H KOHe'lHaH apTepHOJIa
II Ha'laJIbHaH BeHYJIa, TO ,lI,JISI HHX OKa3bIBaIOTCH CnelJ,HcpH'leCKH npH-
CYllJ,HMH TaKHe me, KaK H ,lI,JI5I KanlIJIJI5IpOB, COCY,lI,HCTO-TKaHeBble
pelJ,enTOpbl.
I1HTepecHo OTl\IeTHTb Ha6JIIO,lI,eIllIH POCCH (Rossi, 1938), KOTOpblH
BHJI,eJI, 'lTO HHKancYJIlipOBaHHble OKOH'laHHH B 6plOlllHHe, He3aBUCHVlO
1 TepMHH «COCYllIICTO-TKalieBbIii pell.CnTOp» Y>Ke npIlMCIICIi B cpH3I10.'10-
rllqecKoii mlTepaTYpc K. M. DbIKOl!bJM (1941) .l\JIH cY llIIaplioro 0603HaqellHH
qyBcTBIITeJIbHblX OKOII'laHHH COCY.l\OB opralioB 6plOWHOii nOJIOCTII. O.l\lIaKO
K. ,\\. DblKOB Ill' YKa3bIBaeT, qTO COCY.l\lIcTo-TKalieDble pell.enTOpbI'paCnOJIara-
101CH B Ca:\lbIX nepll\pCpHqeCKIIX OT.l\CJIaX COCYlIOB JII06blX opralloB, H lie
ynoMlIHacT 0 cneUllqmqeCKOM cTpoeHlIli :nux pell.CnTopOB.
11 T, A. rpllropbcBa 161
OT HX BeJIHlJHHbI H l}JOPMbl, BCe HMelOT OTHOlilelIHe K KpOBCHOCHbIM
cocy.n:aM KanHJIJIHpHOro Tlilla.
Ha TaKOU :>Ke l}JeHoMeH 06paTliJI BHIIMaHlIe J1ere (1946). 113-
YllBH llYBcTBHTeJIbHYIO IIHHepBaJUlIo COCy,aHCTbIX CnJIeTeHHH 60KO-
BblX :>KeJIy.n:ollKOB M03ra, OH o6HapY}I<IIJI, llTO llYBcTBHTeJIbHbIe TeJIbl.la
B HHX TeCHO CBH3aHbl C KamIJIJ1HpaMH. J1ere BblCKa3aJI npe,anoJIo-
:>KeHHe, llTO 3TH HepBHbIe 06pa30BaHHH npe.n:Ha3HalleHbl .n:JIH perH-
CTpal.lHH pa3HHUbI Me:>K.n:y .n:aBJIeHHeM B KanHJIJIHpaX H B OKOJIO-
KanHJIJIHpHblX npOCTpaHCTBaX.
r. <D. I1BaHoB (1949) TaK:>KC lIeo,aHOJ<paTHo YKa3bIBaeT, llTO IIH-
KancYJ1HpOBaHHble HepBHbIe OKOHllaHH5I HMelOT Henocpe.n:cTBeHHoe
OTHOlIleHHe K IIHHepBal.lliH KamIJIJISJpoB.
3aTeM C. M. MHJIeHKOB (1949, 1950) BII.n:eJI IfHl<ancYJIHpOBaH-
Hble pel.lenTOpbl B coe.n:mIliTeJIbHOTKaHHblX npocJIoiiKaX COJIHellHOro
CnJIeTeHHH. OH TaK:>Ke OTMeTHJI TecHYIO CB5I3b HX C TOHKOCTeHHblMH
nOCTKanHJIJIHpHblMH BeHaMl1.
COBceM He,aaBHO A. H. Bpay,ae (1952), 3aHHMaSJCb BonpocaMH
IIHHepBal.lHH 6plOIllHHbl opraHoB MaJIOrO Ta3a, 06HapY}I<IIJI B Hell
B 06JIaCTH npHMOKHillellHO-MaTOllHoro yrJIy6JIeHHH H IllHpOKHX Ma-
TOllHblX CB5I30K !<PynHbIe HHKanCYJIHpOBaHHbIe OKOHllaHHSJ, Heno-
cpe,aCTBeHHaH H TeCHa51 CBH3b KOTOpblX C KpOBeHOCHbIMH cOCy.n:aMH
COBepIlleHHO OlleBH.n:Ha. 3TH OKOHllaHHH pacnOJIaralOTCH HHor.n:a
B MeCTe nepexo.n:a apTepHOJ1bl B KanHJIJI5Ipbl, 'laIlle :>Ke OKOJIO BeHYJI
H caMHX KanHJIJISJpOB, H BpCMelIaMH 06pa3YIOT .n:R}I<e B1WBJIeHH5I Ha
cocy.n:IICTOU CTeHKe. A. 11. Bpay.n:e CKJIOHeH oueHHTb 3TH OKOHllaHHH
KaK CneUHaJIbHble pel.lenTOpbI, CHrHaJIH3HpYlOIllHe 0 paCTH:>KeHHH CO-
cy.n:HCTOro pYCJ1a.
H, HaKOHel.l, B. B. ACTaxoBa (1953) npOCJIe.n:HJIa pa3BHTHe IIH-
KancYJJHpOBaHHbIx OKOHllaHHii (TeJIel.l <DaTep-Da'UlHII) y :>KH!30THbIX
II lleJIOBeKa B pa3Hble nepHollbl 3M6pHOHaJIbHOii H nocT3M6plI0-
HaJILHOH :>KH3HH. BOJIbIllOii c06CTBeHHblH MaTeplIaJI H xopoillee 311a-
IIlIe J1HTepaTypbl npIlBc,,111 aBTopa K BblBOllY, llTO 3TH OIWH'laHHH
pa3BHBaJOTCH H CYIlleCTBYIOT B TeCHOM IWIITaKTe C TOIiKOCTCIIHbJ:>UI
cOCy.n:aMH (KamiJIJISJpa!\w) H 'ITO no CBoeMY l}JYHKl.lIIOIJaJIbHOMY 3Ha-
'leHHIO OHII SJBJISJIOTCH 6apOpel.lenTOpa!\fII coCy.n:IJCTOll CTellKIi II H:lleIOT
HeCOMHPHHoe OTHOIlleHHe K perYJIHpOBaHlI1O KpOBo06pallJ,eHIIH.
MbI He pa3.n:PJISJeM TO'lKH 3peHIISJ, CllllTalOIlleii cocy.n:IICTO-TKaHe-
BOH peHenTOp 6a30H aJ<COH-ppl}JJ1eKca. ]\\bl lI:\feJIII y}l{e cJIY'laij nll-
C8Tb no 3TOMY nOBO.uy (T. A. rpllropbeBa, 1949a, 1951, 1952).
BOJ1ee no.n:P06HO TeOpH5I BeiiJIlIca 6y.n:CT pa306palla B O.n:UOH 1I3 c.TIe-
.n:YIOIllHX r.'IaB.
HPJJh3SJ COrJIaCHTbCSJ II co B3rJISJ.lJ.a!\fII E. K. nnellKoBoH (1948B),
paCCMaTpHBaJOIlleii 3TH pCl.lenTOpbl IWK OCTaTl\II «(\JllJIOreUeTHlleCKli
60JIee llpeBHHx H, BCpOSJTIIO, 60,,1ce n pHMliTlIBHblX no cBoel1 l}JYHK-
l.lHH pelienTopHbIX CHCTeM». BblcoKa51 npl1CnOc06JleHHOCTb :>KHBOT-
HbIX K YCJJOBHSJM cYIllecTBoBaHHSJ MO:>KeT oCYIlleCTBJISJTbCSJ TOJIbKO
npH COOTBeTCTBHH pC\3BHTlISJ opraHH3Ma Hero llacTeii. 3TO TCM 60-
J1ee KacaeTCH HepBHblx MexaHH3MOB, 8 oc06eJl}!0 peuenTopOB, H
162
B nepBYIO OIIepeJ{b TaKHX, KOTOpble paCnOJImKeHbI B MeCTaX npOTe-
KaHIHI 06MeHHblX peaKUHH Y BblClllHX n03BOHOIIHblX }KHBOTHbIX H
lJeJIOBeKa.
A. D. MaCJIOB (1950), KOTOpbIH onHCblBaeT 60JIblllOe KOJIHIIeCTBO
lIYBcTBHTeJIbHblX OKOHIIaHHH, 06llJ,HX J{JISJ nepmpepHIIeCKHX COCYJ{OB
H oKpY}KalOllJ,eH TKaHH B 06JIaCTH 3peKTHJIbHblX opraHoB, 60JIee
npaB B 06'bflCHeHHH HX HCTHHHOH CYllJ,HOCTH, paCCMaTpliBafi HX KaK
cBoe06pa3HblH cnoc06 paClllllpeHlIfi nOJIfi HHHepBauHH.
Do cYllJ,eCTBY, Ha TaKYIO }Ke TOIIKY 3peHHfI CTaHOBHTCfI
E. M. KpoxHHa (1952) B 06'bflCHeHHH 3HaIIeHHfI 06HapY}KeHHbIX elO
B TOJICTOM KHlllelIHHKe nOJIHBaJIeHTHblX peu.enTopoB.
PaBHblM o6pa30M H T. B. KpecTHHcKafi (1952, J953), BH,aeB-
lllafl nOJIHBaJIeHTHbIe OKOHIIaHIifI B MOJIOIIHOH }KeJIe3e, CIIHTaeT HX
CTpYKTypaMH, paClllHpfllOllJ,HMH B03MO}KHOCTH BocnpHflTHSJ pa3J{pa-
}KeHHH. H. r. KOJIOCOB (19536) CIIHTaeT nOJIHBaJIeHTHbIe peu.en-
TOpbl Ba}KHbIMII B oCYllJ,ecTBJIeHHH TpoqmIIeCKOrO BJIHflHHfI HepBHoH
CHCTeMbl.
11 JIHlllb OJ{HH lO. 11. CJIenKOB (19526) npoJ{OJI}KaeT npHBJIeKaTb
J{JIfi 06'bflCHeHHfI B03MO}KHOrO 3HaIIeHHfI peu.enTopoB, OXBaTblBalO-
llJ,HX BeTBflMH cocYJ{ H oKpY}KalOllJ,YIO TKaHb, TeopHIO l3eHJIHca 06
aHTII,apoMHOM npoBeJ{eHHH lIYBCTBHTeJIbHblMH BOJIOKHaMH cOCYJ{opac-
lllHpfllOllJ,HX HMnYJIbCOB.
4TO KacaeTCfI caMoro Ha3BaHHfI - nOJIHBaJIeHTHbIH peu.enTOp,
TO HaJ{O CKa3aTb, lITO OHO OTpa}KaeT JIHlllb Mop<pOJIOrHIIeCKHe OTHO-
llleHHfI, T. e. CBfl3b peuenTopa CO MHorHMH TKaHeBblMII CTPyKTY-
paMH. 5IBJIflIOTCfI JIH 3TH peu.enTopbl nOJIHBaJIeHTHblMH H no cYllJ,e-
CTBY, T. e. 06JIa,aa1OT JIH OHH cnoco6HOCTblO BocnpHHHMaTb OJ{HOBpe-
MeHHO pa3JIHIIHbIe pa3J{pa}KeHHSJ, HJIH Ka>K)l.bli'1 H3 HHX, He3aBHCHMO
OT xapaKTepa H KOJIHlJeCTBa CTPYKTYP, C KOTOpblMH OH CBfl3aH,
Cneu.H<pHlJCCKH npHcnoc06JIeH K OJ{HOMY, onpeJ{eJIeHHOMY pa3J{pa}KH-
TeJIlO, B HaCTOflllJ,uii MOMeHT HeH3BeCTHO. Mbl J{YMaeM, lITO 60JIee
npaBHJIbHO BTopoe nOJIO}Kel-IHe.
Mbl npeJ{JIaraeM Ha3BaHHe «COCYJ{HCTO-TKaHeBbIH peu.enTOp»,
yIIHTblBafi HOBoe KaIIeCTBO peuenUHH B 06JIaCTH, rJ{e KpOBb lIepe3 CO-
CYJ{HCTYIO CTeHKY BCTynaeT BO B3aHMOJ{eHCTBHe C napeHXHMOH pa3-
Ho06pa3HblX opraHOB. I1MeHHo COCYJ{HCTO-TKaHeBbIH peu.enTOp 06ec-
neIIHBaeT BOCnplUITl1e pa3J{pa}KeHHH, B03HHKalOllJ,IIX B MeCTe KOH-
TaKJa opraHa H KpOBIJ.
OTHOCHTeJILHO <PYHKUHmraJIbHOrO 3HaIIeHHfI COCYJ{HCTO-TKaHe-
BblX peu.enTopOB HY}KIW CKa3aTb, lITO OHIi, COOTBeTCTBeHHO MeCTY
CBoero Ha XO}KJ{NIH 51 , flBJIfllOTCfI peuenTopaMH BHYTpHTKaHeBoro 06-
MeHa Bell\eCTB, T. e. Bcex <pu3I1IIeCKHX, XHMHIIeCKHX, <pH3HKO-XHMH-
lIeCKHX H 6uOJIOrl1 t leCKHx CJ{BHrOB, npoHcxoJ{flllJ,HX B TeIIeHHe 3THX
06MeHHblx peaKUI1H. CJIeJ{oBaTeJIbHO, H Typrop, H KaIIeCTBeHHbli'1
COCTaB I<pOBH H TKaHE'BOH }KHJ{KOCTH, H HOHHoe paBHoBecHe, Ii TOH-
lIaHlllHe npoueccbl CHHTe3a H pacnaJ{a BellJ,eCTB 6YJ{YT cneuH<pH-
lIecKHMH pa3,apa}KHTeJIflMH J{JIfi cooTBeTcTBYIOllJ,HX BHJ{OB 3THX pe-
u.enTopoB.
11. 163
B <}JH3HOJIOrMIIeCKOii JIllTepaType BCTpe'lalOTCH YKa3aHHH, 'ITO
KanHJIJIHpbl HaXO.n.HTC5I no.n. 3<}JcpeKTopHblM B03.n.eifcTBlleM CIi:\1nan!-
qeCKOH HepBHOH CHCTeMbI. 3TOH TOIII{II 3peIlIfH npH.n.ep)j\HBaIOTCH
llheHHax H Kall (1903), XYI{ep (Hooker, 1920/1921), Kpor, Xap-
pan 11 Pe6epr (Krogh, Harrop a. Rehberg, 1922), X3pplfC If Mep-
BHH (Harris a. Marvin, 1927), Decxep (1936b) II HeKoTOpbIe .n.pyrIfe
aBTopbl, YKa3aHHble BbIIIle.
HaMIf 6b1JIH 1I3YIIeHbl COCy.n.bl nepll<}JepllIIeCKOrO pYCJIa (KoHueBble
apTepHOJIbl, KanllJIJIHpbl II BeHYJIbl) B YCJIOBH5IX IIX MOTOpHOii .n.cHep-
BaUHH, T. e. npli .lI.eCIfMnaTH3aUHH.
CnJIeTeHHe CliMnaTHlICCKHX HepBHbIx BOJIOKOH apTepllOJI npo-
.n.OJI>KaeTCH H lIa liX KOHeIIHble OT.n.eJIbI. HenpeJIO>KHblM 3aKOHOM .n.JIH
.n.Bl1raTeJIbllOH IIHHepB3UlIlf Opram!bIX cocy.n.OB HBJIHeTCH TOIIHOe
COBna.ll.eHHe pacnpoCTpaHelllfH CHMnaTHIIeCIUfX BOJIOI<OH C Ha"lli'llIeM
B COCY.ll.HCTOU CTellKe MbIIIle'lHbIX 3JIeMCIITOB.
MaJIeIlbKHe CTBOJIIfKH Clil\maTIi'leCIUfX BOJIOKOH HJIlf O IfI-IO'lllble
CIIMnaTHIICCKl1e BOJIOKH3 conpoBmK.n.aJoT apTepIfo"lbl, nra6)Kellllble
CnJIOIIlHblM CJIOCM rJIa.n.KIIX MbIIIllJ, (pIfC. 113a, 6, 116a, 126), Ii ne-
pexo.n.5IT Ha KOHlJ,CBbIC apTepHOJIbI, rJIa.n.KIIe MbIlllUbl KOTOpbIX JIe)KaT
Ha paccToHIIHH .lI.pyr OT .n.pyra (pIfC. 1166, 118).
B 06JIaCTH OTXO>K.n.eHliH l{anHJIJIHpOB, KaJ{ Y>Ke YI{a3a1l0 BblIIle,
HIIOr.ll.a pacnOJIaraeTC5I c<}JmlKTepo06pa3Hblli MexaHlf3M H3 rJI a.n.K If X
MblIIlelIlIblX KJIeTOI{ (pIfC. 110 If 116a). B 3TOH 06JIaCTH Bcer.n.a BI1.!I.HO
H HCKoTopoe .n.onOJIIIHTCJIbHOe KOJIHIJCCTBO CIIMnaTI1'leCKI1X BOJIOI\OII
(pl1c. 116a).
CIfMnaTHIIeCIUfe BOJIOKHa COnpOBO>K.!I.aJOT I<OHe'lHYIO apTCplIOJIY
H B Tex CJIYIIaHX, KOr.ll.a ee MbIIIleIIHbIe KJIeTKH pacnOJIO>KCHbl Ha
60JIbIIlHX pacCToHHIfHX .n.pyr OT .n.pyra Ii caMa OHa IIMeeT KaJIIf6p
KanHJIJIHpa H 66.'lbIIlaH 'I3CTb ce CTeHIUf nOCTpoeHa 113 o.n.Horo 3H.n.O-
TeJIHH (pMC. 1166, 118 Ii 126).
YI .n.a>Ke Tor.n.a, I<or.n.a MbIIIlC'lHbIC KJICTKH TaKHX KOlle'lHbIX apTe-
pHOJI JIe>KaT nO'lTH H30JIllpOBaHHo, oHlf'paBHblM 06pa30M conpoBo-
>K.n.aIOTCH CHMnaTIfIIeCKHMI1 lIepBlIbIMIf BO.'lOKHaMH.
Ha pHC. 128 H306pa>Kella KOHCIIHaH apTCpHOJIa He.n.aJIeKO OT
MeCTa nepexo.n.a ee B KanHJIJIHp. Ee 60JIee npOKCMMaJIbllaH lIaCTb
HMeeT cTeHKY, nOKpblTYIO CnJIOIIllIblM CJIOeM rJIa.n.I\OMbIIIle'lHbIX KJ1e-
TOR, Y>Ke npeTepneBIIlIlX THnl1'IIIYIO .n.JIH 3TOro OT.n.eJIa cocy.n.a TpallC-
(POpl\f3lJ,H10. Ha pHCYHKe XOpOIIlO BII.n.HO H pa3pe>KeHl1e MblIIlClIlIblX
3JIeMeHTOB, H 06l1a>KeHHe 3l1.n.OTCJIHaJIbHOH CTeHKII. O HaKO, HeCMO-
TpH lIa TO, 'lTO B .n.HCTaJIbHOIf cBOCH 'laCTH cocy.n. 3TOT 06JIa.!I.aeT J111IIlb
e.n.HIIH'lHbIMH MblIIlelIHbIMII KJIeTKaMII, OT.n.eJIeHHbl:\11i 60JIbIIll1MlI pac-
CTOHIIHHMH .lI.pyr OT .n.pyra, H 66JIbIIlaH 'laCTb ero CTeHKH nOCTpoeHa
TOJIbKO H3 3H.lI.OTeJIHH, CI1MnaTIf'leCKOe lIepBHOe BOJIOKHO THHeTCH
B.n.OJIb 3TOH KOHeIIHOH apTCpHOJIbl, BXO.n.5! B KOHTaKT C ee KOIlTpaK-
TaJIbHblMH 3JIeMeIlTaMH.
B Ka>K.n.0I1 KOHe'lHOH apTepHOJIe CHMnaTH'leCKHe BOJ10KHa co-
npOBO>K)J:aIOT ee .11.0 nOCJIe.n.lIeil MblIIlelIHOH KJIeTKIi H IIHKOr.ll.a Ha
cTellKY KanHJIJIHpOB He nepeXO.ll.HT (pHC. 116a, 118).
164
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PI!C. 129. Bella H3 coe./UJIIIITe.1bIlOTKaHlioro
CJIOH KO)j{H. PeuenTop B ee CTeliKe (06. 45 X,
OK. 15 X; pIiCOBaJIbllbIi'1 3nn3paT Ha ypoBHe
CTOJIa; npI! nelj3TH YlIIellbUJelio D Jl/ 2 pa3a).
PIIC. 128. ApTeplloJIa H3 coe,/\IIIIIITc.1t>HOTKaIiHoro CJIOH KO)j{1I B MeCTe ee
nOCTenelilioro nepexo,/\a B KanHJI.1Hp. CIlMnaTJlljeCKOe 'IBHraTeJIbliOe BOJIOKIIO
conpoBo)j{.naeT apTepllOJIY ,/\0 ee nocJIe.nlleii MblUJeljlloi'1 K.1eTKH II lIa cTeliKY
KamfJI.1Hpa Ill' nepeXOJl.IIT. KOIll6HIIHpoBalillbIi'1 PHCYHOK C o.nlloii H Toi'l )j{e
apTepllOJIbI, npocJIe)j{eliHoil B Tpex nO;IHX 3pellllH IIIl1KpOCKOna (06. 45 X,
OK. 15 X; pIiCOBaJIbHbli'1 annapaT lIa ypoBlle CTO.1a; npn ne'laTIi plellb-
UJcno n 2 pa3a).
IG5
KanHJIJI51pbl B nOJIHOM COOTBeTCTBHH C OTCYTCTBHeM B HX CTeHKe
rJIaJJ.KOMblWelIHbIX KJIeTOK JIHWellbl M CMMnaTMIIeCI<HX BOJIOKOH,
T. e. mm He 06JIaLlaJOT HH KOIlTpaKTHJIbHbIMH 3JIeMeHTaMH, HH LlBH-
raTeJIbHblMH HepBHblMH npn60paMH.
3aKJIIOIICHHH llie HeKOTOpbIX aBTopOB (XYKep, 1920/21; XeppHc
H MepBHH, 1927; 6yw, 1929; A. 51. 60pOBCI\aH, 1935; Deexep,
1936b; CaHLlepc, 36epT H ct>JIOp II , 1940 H, II Llp.) 0 CHMnaTlIIIeCKOH
HHHepBaUHlI KanHJIJIHpOB 06'b5lCIlHIOTCH TeM, lITO 3TII aBTopbI He
npOHBHJIH TllJ,aTeJIbHOCTH B IICCJIeJl.0BaIIli51X: He 06paIll.aH BHHMaHHSJ
Ha JJ.aJIeKO JJ.Pyr OT Llpyra OTCTOHIlI.lle MbIwellHbIe KJIeTKIl IIJIH He
BblHBJIH5I HX CBOIIMH MeTOLlaMlI, OIlH LlYMaJIlI, lITO H!.lelOT nepeLl
eo60H l<annJIJlHp, B TO BpeMH KaK lIa caMOM .ac.lJe 3TO 6blJla KOHeII-
HaH apTepHOJIa.
Pe310MHpYH Bce H3JIOllieHHble Bblwe epaKTbl OTHOCHTeJIbHO
HHHepBaWiH opraHHblX COCYLlOB - 1<OIIeIIHblX apTepHOJI, KanHJI-
JIHpOB II HaIIaJIbHblX BeHYJI, HylliHO CKa3aTb, lITO xapaKTepHOH
lIepTOH HX lIYBCTBHTeJIbHOH IUIHcpBaUIIH HBJIHeTCH BblXOLl peuen-
TOpOB 3a npeJJ.eJIbl COCYJJ.HCTOH CTeHlUi. B paHOHe BeTBJIeHIIU
opraHHblX COCYLlOB nOHBJIHIOTCH COCYJJ.HCTO-TKaHeBbIe peuenTopbl
pa3Ho06pa3HOH epOpMbI H C ueJIblM pHLlOM TOHKHX oc06eHHOCTeH
BHYTpeHHeH CTPYKTypbl, HO 06DeLlHHeHHble B OLlHY rpynny CBonM
OCHOBHblM CBOHCTBOM -3TO peuenTopbl TKaHeBblx TeppHTopHH,
COCTaBHOH lIaCTblO KOTOpblX HBJI5II0TCH H nepHepepHIIeCKHe COCYLlbI.
31'0 peu.enTopbl 06MeHa, T. e. Tex npou.eCCOB, KOTopble pa3blrpbl-
BalOTCH B MeCTax HHTHMHoro KOIlTaKTa TKaHH C COCYLlaMlI, T. e.
B 06J1aCTH nepHepepHIIeCKOrO COCYLlHCToro PYCJIa.
LlBHraTeJIbHaH HHHepBau.HH opraHHbIX COCYLlOB JIHMHTHpOBaHa
HaJIHIIHeM rJlaLlKIIX MblWU. B HX CTClmax. HH OLlHO!1 CBoeH lIeproH
HX .aBHraTeJIbHbIe HepBHbIe npH60pbl He OTJIHIIaJOTCH OT TaKOBblX llie
JII06b1X .aPymx COCYLlOB, 06J1aLlaJOIll.HX MbIWeIIHOH CTeHKOH.
KaK Y}Ke CKa3aHO Bblwe, HaIIaJlbHble BCIl, YJIbl 06JIaLlalOIlI.He OT-
.aeJIbHblMH rJIaLll<OMblwellHblMH I{JIeTKaMH, HHorLla He THnHIIHblMH
(Plenk, 1937), CJIHBalOTCH B 60JIee KpynHbIe MarnCTpaJIbHble BeHbI
C 06b1IIHblMH .aJIH TaKHX COCYLlOB rJIaLlKOMblWeIIHblMH 3JIeMeHTaMH.
B COOTBeTCTBHII C 3TlJM npOHCXO}l,HT B03BpaT I{ HHHepBauHoHHbIM OT-
HoweHHHM, xapaKTepHblM LlJIH MarllCTpaJIbHblX COCYLlOB,- peuen-
TOpbI HaIIHHalOT pacnOJIaraTbCH TOJIbKO B npeLleJIaX COCYLlHCTOH
creHKH (pHC. 129), nOHBJIHlOTCH JJ.BHraTeJIbHble CnJIeTeHHH TOHKHX
CHMnaTHllecKIlX BOJlOI\OH, 60raTblc WBaJIHOBCKIIMII KJIeTKaMlI, OT-
.aalOllJ,He BOJIOKmma HenOCpe!l.CTBCIlHO K MblWeIIHblM KJIeTKa:\I, T. e.
Bee TO, lITO no.nP06HO 113JIQ}Ke1l0 B r JIaBe II I HaCTOHllJ,eH pa60TbI.
r.laBa v
I1HHEPBAlU151 APTEPI10-BEH03HbIX AHACTOM030B
11 ,lJ.pyrl1X npl1CnOCOEJIEHI1M ,lJ.JI5I OEECnE4EHI151
MECTHOrO I\POBOOEPAlllEHI1S1
Pa3l11aX Tpc60BaHllii, npC.lrb5lBJI5IeMblX OpraHaMII K l<pOBeHOCHOH
CHCTel\le, llpC3BbJ1Wii1I0 BeJIIIK: B nepllOllbl pa60Tbl C MaKCHMaJIb-
HOli HarpY3KOii OHH HY)!(llaJOTC5I B KpOBOCHa6:i1<eHlIH, BO MHOrO lleC5IT-
KOB pa3 60JIbllleM, 'ICM B nepllOllbl CBoero OTHOCHTeJIbHOrO nOK05l.
3T0 06CT05lTeJIbCTBO YCTaHOBJICHO llJI5I CKeJIe,HbIX lI1bllllLI., nHl.ll.eBapll-
TeJIbHOrO TpaKTa, CJIIOHHblX )KeJIe3, nOllel< n ueJIoro p5l11a llpyrHx
opraHHblx CHCTeM. Ha npllMepe 3peKTHJIbHblX opraHOB pa3HI1u.a
B HX KpoBOCHa6)!(eHHIf B pa3JIIIllHble <PYHKLI.1I0HaJIbHble MOMeHTbl
BbIcTynaeT oc06eHHO OTlleTJIIiBO.
B npe.il.blllYllI.lIX rJIaBaX 6blJIII pa306paHbI MexaHH3Mbl, KOTOpblMH
COCY.JIICTaSJ CIlCTeMa nOJIb3yeTCSJ llJI5I perY.'IlIpOBaHHSJ KpoBOToKa
B Toii HJIH HHOH 06JIaCTH. YI B MarnCTpaJIbHblX, H B opraHHblX COCY-
llax 3TIf MexalIH3Mbl npellCTaBJIeHbl rJIallKHMH MbllllLI.aMH, pacnOJIO-
LKeHHblMH B CTeHKax apTepHH Ii BeH H COOTBeTCTBeHHblM 06pa30M
CHaO)!(CHHbIMII llYBCTBIfTe.'1bHbIMH H llBHraTeJIblIblMIf HepBHblMH npH-
60pa:\1II. CpellH TaKHX MexallH3MOB 3aCJIY)!(HBaJOT HHTepeca He60JIb-
IllHe CKOnJIeHH5I MbllllellHblX 3JIeMeHTOB B MeCTax BeTBJIeHH5I opraH-
HblX apTepHOJI II OTXO)KllCIlH5I OT HHX KanIlJIJI5IpOB. 3TH CKOnJIeHH5I
no cBoeii CTpYKType, GOJIee 06HJIbHOH HHHepBaUHH H no <PYHKLI.HH
51B,15110TC5I MaJIeHbKIlMIf c<pHHKTepar.m, npll nOMOlll.H KOTOpblX pery-
.'mpyeTC5I KpOBeHanOJIIleHHe COOTBeTCTBeHHblX MaJIeHbKHX YllaCTKOB
B opraHax II TKaH5IX.
lb JlI1TepaTypbl Ii3BeCTIlO, 'ITO B03MO)!(HOCTH MarHCTpaJIbHblX
COCYllOB 06ecnellHBaTb KpaHHHe KOJIe6mIH5I nOTpe61I0CTeH opraHOB
B KpOBIf nYTeM YMeHbllleHIi51 HJIH YBCJIlJlICHIf51 ee npHTOI<3 orpa-
HHlleHbl. Oc06eHHO 3TO OTHOCHTC5I K B03MO)!(HOCT5IM nOBblllleHH5I
KpOBOCHa6)!(eHH5I.
]\\arHCTpaJIbHble COCYllbl nOCTpoeHbI no elllUIo06pa3HOMY 06ll1.eMY
n.'1aHY I! no CYllI.eCTBY OHI! BbInOJIII5JJOT caM)"JO oGllI.YJO 3alla'IY KpOBO-
06palll.eHH5I (pacnpelle.leIlHe KpOBH no opraIlll3MY) H caMIi no ce6e
elll.e He 06JIallaJOT B03MO)!(HOCT5IMH llJI5I 06ecnelleHH5I MeCTHoro l<pO-
BOTOI<3, HanpaBJIeHIlOrO Ha nOMep)!(aHHe CnCLI.mpHlJeCKOii <PYHKLI.HH
lfi7
opraHa H TeM caMblM n3 BI\:JIIO'IeHHe .:)TOrO opralla B C)])II1YIO CHCTCMY
OpraHH3Ma.
OpraHHble COCY;:J:bI-apTepIlOJlbl, I\: a mlJlJl 51 pbI H BeIlYJlbI-CnO-
C0611bl C03,i1.aTL YCJI OBI 151 , ;:J:O IICh.OTopofi CTeneHII OTBCtIClIOlll.lIC no-
Tpe6HOCT5IM cneumpIltleCKH cpYHKUHOlUlpYIOlll.I1X oprmIOB. ApTepHO.1bl
CBOHMH ccpHHKTepo06pa3HblMH MexaHlf3:\1aMII pcrYJlllpYIOT nOCTyn-
Jlem!e KpOBH B OT;:J:eJlLHble TCppIlTOpllIl opraHOB II TKaHeiL KanIl.1-
Jl5IpHOe PYCJlO CBoell CBoeoopa3HOII ;:J:Jl5I Ka)J\:;:J:oro opraHa apXIlTeK-
TOHHKOii H TeCHblM npll,le)KaHIICM KamW.15IpHbIX neTeJlL K napellXH-
MaT03HbIM 3Jle:\fellTaM 06CCne1JIIBaeT TeCHblii KOHTaKT pa60TaJOlll.eii
CTpYI\:Typbl II KpOBII_ BCHYJlbl CBoe11 nOBblllleHlIoii e:\fKOCTblO cnoc06-
CTBYIOT 3a;:J:ep}I<lfBaIIIII0 I(POBH B Tex 11.111 I1HbIX Y1JaCTKaX II Te:\f CO-
;:J:eHCTBYIOT npO,il.Oml';;IIH'JIbHOCTII KOIITaKTa ee C oKpY}j\:aIOlll.cii TIWHblO.
Bce 3TO B KaKolf-TO CTcnCIIII C03;:J:aeT B03MO)KIIOCTII ;J.Jl5I B3all:\10-
,il.eHCTBH5I opraHoB II l\:pOBII, O;:J:HaKO B nOJlHofi Mepe HC oUeCnelJIIBaeT
Tex YCJIOBIIH, B KOTOpblX MorYT npOTCI<3Tb 06McHHble peaKUIIIf CO
Bcell HX CJlO}j<HOCTbIO, MIIOro06pa311CM II TOHKOCTLIO, pCaJ(JUH!, KO-
Topble Tpe6YIOT B Ka1JeCTBe OCHOBHoro YCJlOBlI5l CBoero npoTcKaHHH
OTHOCHTeJlbHOii He3aBHCIIMOCTII MCCTHoro KpoBoToKa OT 06ll1.ero l\:pO-
Bo06p a lll.eHH5I.
Oprm!Hoe KpOBo06pmUCIIIIC ;:J:OJllliHO 6blTL OTHOCIITeJlLHO CB06011-
HblM OT pHTMa 06ll1.ero KpOBOTOK3, ;:J:OJl}KHO OOJla11aTb MeX311H3MaMII
,il.Jl5I npeo;:J:OJlelUl5I OCIIOBlIoro 33KOHa MarHCTp3J1bHbIX COCY;:J:OB-
HH3Koro KpOB5IHOrO ;:J:3BJlCIUl51 B 06J1aCTII MeJlKHX cOCY;:J:I1CTbIX BeT-
BeH 11 ;:J:OJllliHO 6bITL C1Iao}l(cno npHcnoc06J1eHlI51MII ;:J:JI51 6blCTpblX,
IIHor;:J:a Y3KO JlOKaJllI30B3HHblX Jl3MeHeHHi-i I(pOBellanOJllleIIlHJ K3nHJI-
Jl5IpOB B opraHe IIJlII B KaJ<Oll-IIH6Y;:J:b ero 1JaCTII.
TOJlbKO B 3TOM cJlY t I3e B03MO}KHO HaCT051ll1.ee Mecnroe KpOBo06pa-
llI.eHl1e, KOTopoe B nOJIHoii Mepc 06CCne1JIIB3eT cneUJlaJlbHbIe cneUH-
cpH1JeCKHe cpYHKUHH opralloB, HanpaBJlellHbIe Ha nOMep}l\3IIlIC 6,la-
rOnOJlY1JHSJ Bcero opr3HII3Ma.
D01JTlf B Kalli;:J:oM oprane CYllI.ecTByeT Henocpe11cTBeHHa5I npSJMa5I
CBSJ3b 1J3CTII ero KpynHblx apTepllii C KpynHblMH }j\:e BeHaMII, T_ e.
CYllI.eCTBYIOT T3I<He YCJlOBII51, npll I(OTOPbIX TOJIbKO qaCTb KpOBII Ha-
npaBJlSJeTC5I B era COCY;:J:HCTYIO CIIcTeMY, ;:J:pyra5I llie 1JaCTb nepe-
BO;:J:HTC5I Henocpe11cTBeHHO BO BHeopraHHoe BeH03Hoe PYCJlO. B ne-
1JeHH, B KOTOpOll BeJJ.yu YIO pOJlb HrpaeT BeH03Hoe l<pOBo06palll.eHIIe,
HeKOTopble BeTBII BOpOTHOii BeHbl, He paCCbma51Cb lIa Me}J()l.OJIbKOBble,
coe;:J:IIH5IIOTCSJ C BeTB51MH nC1JeH01JlloiJ BeHbl, 06eCne1JllBa5I II 3lJ,eCb KO-
pOTKHH nYTb ;:J:,II51 npIlllecellHoii B opraH KpOBII.
TaKHe nopTO-KaBaJlLHbIe aHaCTOM03bl B ne1JCHlI 6blJlU onHcaHbl
YI. B. I3Y5IJIbCI\lIM (1844), a 3aTeM KJloJJ. l3epllapoM (1858-1859)
11 YI. ]\\. ]loreJle!\! (1903-1904), KOTOpbll1 OtleHb oopa3Ho onpe!J:c-
JIIIJI 3HaqeHHe 3THX auaCTOM030B, CI<33aB, 1JTO OHII CJlY)KaT 11.151 Toro.
«1JT06b1 onpocTaTb CJIIIIllI<OM nOJlHYIO BOPOTHYIO BeHY». A. illYM-
JISJHCKHH (1782) nepBblH BH;:J:eJI apTepHo-BcH03Hble allaCTOM03bl B
n01JKe. BnOCJIe;:J:cTBHH IIX 06HapY)KHJI H K.II0;:J: l3epHap (1860) H 061:,-
5ICHHJI IIMH cpaKT BbITeKaHH51 H3 n01Je1JHOII BCHbl T3KOII }j(C KpacHofi,
168
KaK H apTepUaJlbHa5I, KpOBH. KJlo,!!. EE'pHap onllcaJl apTepliO-BeH03-
Hble aHaCTOM03bl II B CeJle3E'HKe.
B nOqKe nocJle A.lllYMJl5IHCKoro II KJlo,!!. ECpHapa HaJlHqHe ap-
TepIl0-BE'H03HbIX allaCTD:\t030B nO,!!.TBep,!!.lIJI fpocc (Gross, 1868),
3aTCM lllTeHHax (1884), BBO.AIIBWIIH B ee apTepHaJlbHYJO cHcTeMY
B3BeCb JlIIKonO.AlI5I.
A. fe6epr (1885) OT:\tE'TIIJI apTepHo-BcH03Hble aHaCTOM03bl B no-
qeqHOU KanCYJle. OH ncpBblii nO.ABE'pr IIX mCTOJlOmqCCKOMY HCCJle-
;'I.OBaHIIIO H nplllllE'JI K BbIBO,!!.Y, qTO nOCTpoeHbI OHli no THny npe-
KamVIJI51 pOB, MbllllCqHblX 3_1t'MeHTOB B CBoelI CTellKe He co,!!.ep}l(aT,
a 3H.AOTeJluii HX nOXO}l( lIa 3I1J 0T{'Jlllii Bell. LIepC3 Ht'CKOJlbKO JleT ,!!.aH-
Hble A. fc6epra 6bl"I11 nO)J.TBep,K,'I,elIbl II paclllllpeHbI A. fOJly6cBblM
(1893), KOTOpblH 06HapY)KII.:1 IIcnocpc,!!.cTBeHHble coe,!!.lIHeHII5I apTe-
pHil C BE'IJaMIl He TOJILKO B KanCYJle nOqKU, 110 II B ee KOpKOBOM
BemeCTBe, paBHO KaK II B OOJlaCTIl nHpa:\UI;J. H qaWCqeK. OH TaK }l(e,
KaK H A. fe6epr, rIlCTOJlOrHlleCI<lI YCTaHOBHJI, qTO 3TO - 60KOBble
BeTBH apTepHH, IIMelOmUe xapm<TCp npeKanllJlJl5lpOB H BJlHBaJOmue-
C5I B COCE',!!.lme BeHbI. B nOqKe}l(e 06HapY}I(Cllbl aHaCTOM03b1H Me}l(.A'
.Ayro06pa3HblMII apTE'pmIMII II ,!!.yro06pa3HblMII BeHaMH (A. Kpa--
cyccKa5l, 1904).
COE'.AHHeHII5I apTepllaJIbHblX II BeH03HblX CTBOJlOB B 6pbl}l(eUKe
H B JlerKOM 06HapY}I(I1J1 H. H. nllporoB (1864).
COC.AHHeHII5I a pTC'p II ii C BeHal\U1 Haii,!!.eHbl Ii B KOHeqHOCTHX
(B. KYJlbqHUKlIii, 1889), U B 06J1aCTH raJlOBbl B pauoHe pa3BeTBJle-
HlII"1 JlHlJ.eBoii aprepHIi (M. LIaycoB, 1874).
HaJlHqHe TaKHX COC.AlIlleHlIii Me}l(,!!.y KpymlblMIl apTepHaJlbHblMH
II BeH03Hbl:\U1 CTDO_1aMIl opraiIOB CBlI.ACTeJlbCTByeT 0 TOM, qTO He BCR
nOCTynaJOmaH B oprall KpOBb HcnOJlL3YE'TC5I Ha HY}I(,!!.bl MeCTHoro
opraHHoro KpOBo06pameHII5I. Onpe.AE'JleHHOe ee Ko.JIlIqeCTBO, He
BCTyna51 B COCY.AbI, 06ecne l IllBmOmile MeCTHbIii KpOBOTOK, nepeJlHBaeT-
C5I HenOCpe.ACTBCIIIIO B Bell03Hoe PYCJlO.
3TO 06CTOHTC_1bCTBO I1MeeT 60JlLlllOe 61I0JlOrllqeCKOe 3HaqeHue.
B caMOM ,!!.eJle, ecmi 6b1 BCH npllTeKaJOmaH K opraHY KpOBb HCnOJlb-
30BaJlaCb 6bl IW HY}I(.Abl MCCTlIoro KpOBOTOKa, 1'0 no cymeCTBY Ka}l(-
,nblii opraH 6blJl 6b1 MeCTOM nepepblBa 06mero KpoBo06pameHHH.
B npoTHBHOM cJlYlwe .AJlH COXpallE'1II1H 3Toro 06mero KPOB006pame-
HHH opraH npeBpaTlIJlCH 6b1 B OlICpE'.A IOH 3Tan lI.HPKYJl5IlI.HH H nepe-
CTaJl 6bl BbmOJlH5ITb CBOII cnCHlIcplf1It'ClnIe 3a,!!.aqH.
HMeHHO 113 He06xo.AIIMOCTII o,nIlOBpeMeHlIoro no.n.nep,KaHliH MeCT-
Horo II 06mero KpOBOOGpall1.CHlUI H B03HIIKJlH B npoll.ecce 3BOJlIOll.lIH
3TH npHcnoc06lITE'JlLHble MexaHH3:\lbI.
OIlH cY1ll.eCTBYIOT II B oprallax C .ABoiiHblM KpOBOCIIa6}1(eHlleM,
T31<IIX, KaK nellCHL II "lcrKlle, Ii B IIIIX, nOBlI.AIIMOMy. lIrpaJOT TY ,Ke
pOJl b o,nHOBpel\leHHOrO ooCCne l lE'II1UI l\IE'CTIIoii II 06meii UIIPKYJl5IlI.lIH.
Eme 5I. CTOJILHIlKOB (1882) ony6J1HKOBaJI .AaHHble 0 TOM, qTO
BblI(JlIOqeHHe Y cooaK nOpTaJlbIlOrO KpOBOTOI\3 neqeHlI (npH no-
MOmli cpUCTYJlbI 3lma) Bc,neT K orpOMHOl\lY paClllHpeHlIJO cep,!!.lI.a
BCJle,nCTBlie nE'penOJlIIE'HIm ero KpOBbIO. 5I. CTOJlbHHKOB, no cYIll.eCT-
169'
-BY, nO,!!.H5IJI B HaYKe BOnpOC 0 ,!!.enOlUlPYlorn.eii pOJlli nelieHlI, pellIeH-
HblH B pa60Te B. K. BeJl.3BeUKOro (1894) II B MIIOrOllHCJleHHhlX nocJle-
,!!.ylOrn.lIX pa60Tax nOJlmKHTeJlhHO.
OJl.HaKO, eCJlH 6hl nelleHh ,!!.enOlIHpOBaJIa BCIO nplneKalOrn.ylO
K HeH no BOpOTHOH BeHe KpOBh, B03HIIKJlH Obi TmKeJlhle pac-
cTpoikTBa 06rn.ell UHpKyJI5IU,lIll. BeHo-BeU03IILle, nopTO-KaBaJlbHble
aHaCTOM03h1 H CT05lT Ha cTpmKe 06rn.ero KpoBo06parn.eIlH5I.
D.PYrHMlI CJlOBaMlI, B CHCTeMe 06rn.eii UHPKYJl5IU,HH 60JlbllIOro
Kpyra B MamCTpaJlbHblX cocy,!!.ax Jl.J151 coxpanemIH HOpMaJlbHoro
COCT05lHlHI opraHH3Ma ,!!.OJl)J(IJO HaXO,!!.HTLC5I onpe.n.eJleHIIOe nOCT05lH-
Hoe KOJllllleCTBO KpOBH. B KalleCTBe O,!!.Horo H3 MexaHH3MOB Jl.J151 no;:I.-
,!!.epmaHlI5I 3Toro nOCT05lHCTBa lIa cpOHe MeHmOIIJ.IIXC5I nOTpe6HOCTeit
opraHOB B KpOBH 1I cyrn.eCTByloT Henocpe,!!.CTBeHHhle co06rn.eHlI5I nplI-
HOC5Irn.HX 1I BbII-lOC5Irn.IiX HX COCY,!!.OB. no cyrn.eCTBY 3TOT BIlL{ npIlcno-
c06J1eHHii npHHa;!l.J1e}!{HT ern.e CHCTeMe 06rn.ero KpoBo06parn.eHHH.
BeT YKa3atIHH Ha KaKHe-J1H60 CneUHaJlLllble HepBHble npll60phl,
pacnOJlOmeHHble B 06J1aCTII 3THX apTcpHo- IIJlII BeHO-BeH03HbIX aHa-
CTOM030B. nOBH,!!.HMOMY, perYJlllpoBaHIIe TOKa KpOBH lIepe3 HIIX npo-
H3BO,!!.HTCH Bceii cOBoKynHoCTLIO pelpJ1CKTOpHblX MexaHH3MoB, Ha-
lII1HaIOrn.I1XC5I peu,enTopaMII, p3cnoJ10mcHHblMH KaK B cocYJl.ax, 06ec-
nellHBalOrn.Hx 06rn.ylO UIIPKYJl5lUIII0, TaK II B cocYJl.ax, n 13 napeHxlIMe
opraHoB. B KalleCTBe HCnOJlHIITeJlbHOrO MexaHII3Ma ,!!.J151 perYJlIlpo-
BaHH5I nOCTynJleHH5I KpOBH B opraH IIcnoJlb3yeTC5I rJla,!!.KOMblllIellHa51
CTeHKa apTepHH H Te cneUIIaJlbHble npHcnoc06J1eHlI5l, KOTophle npH-
HliMalOT YliaCTHe B ocyrn.eCTBJleHHH MeCTHoro opramlOro KpOBOTOKa.
3TII CneUHaJlhHble npHcnoc06J1eIHl51 Jl.J151 06ecne l leHII5I MeCTHoro
KpOBOTOKa npe,!!.CT3BJlellhl TaK)J(e apTepHO-BeH03HLIMII allaCTOM03aMlI.
Bo pacnOJlOmeHbl 3TII aHaCTOM03bl B TOJlrn.e napeHXHMhl caMoro op-
raHa, coe,!!.lIH5IIOT MeJlKIIe apTepHaJlLlIble II Bell03Hble BeTBH H HMelOT
3HalleHHe B nepBYIO Ollepe,!!.h Jl.J151 caMoro opralla. OHH npeJl.CTaBJleHhI
TaK)J(e 60KOBblMH OTBeTBJleHH5IMII apTepHaJlLHblX COCYJl.OB, HO cHa6-
meHbl y)J(e CneUHaJlbHO MOJl.HcpHUHpoBaHHoii CTeHKOU, 06J1aJl.alOrn.eH
pe3Ko BblpameHHoii cnoc06HoCThlO I1J1H 3aKphmaTb nOJlHOCTLIO OT-
BepcTHe aHacToM03a, HJlII ,!!.ep)J(3Th ero B pa3I1oii CTeneHH
OTKpbITbIM.
nepBOe rliCTOJlOrWleCKoe OnHCaIIlIe 3TlIX opraHHblX apTepIlo-
BeH03HblX aHaCTOM030B, He nOTep5lBllIee 311a 1 leHlHT 11 B HaCT05lrn.ee
BpeM5I, npHHa,AJlemlIT r. <D. XOHepy (1876, 1877). OH 06IJapymHJI
HX B M5IKOTIi naJlbueB pyK U 1I0r lIeJlOBeKa, a TaKme B YllIax, KOHlIlIKe
Hoca, B KOHlIHKe XBOCTa Ii B KaBepH03 lblX TeJlaX mIlBOTHhIX.
f. <P. Xoiiep 06paTl1J1 BHlIMaHHC lIa I1X H3I3I1TOH XO,!!. II coxpaHeHIIe
apTepHaJlLHOrO xapaKTepa CTeHKH. OH YKa3aJ1 Ii Ha YTOJlrn.eHlle
CTeHKII aHaCTOM03a. Xouepy )I,e nplIHaJl.J1e}!{HT II nepBblii J1I1Te-
paTypHblu 0630p no 3TOMY Bonpocy.
OnHcaHHe f. <D. XOr!epa (1877) 6h1J1o HaCTOJlbKO IIClICpnblBaIO-
1I1.1IM, liTO BepHYBllImk51 K 3TOMY Bonpocy fpoccep (Grosser, 1902),
no cyrn.eCTBY TOJlbKO nO,ATBep,!!.lIJ1 ,!!.allHble r. <P. XofIepa B TOM, liTO
aHaCTOM03bl 06J1aJl.aIOT TOJlCToii CTeHKoii, H B TOM, liTO 3Ta CTeHKa
170
.cOCTOflT H3 3J1e:\leHTOB, nOXO}/{HX lJa rJla,!!.KOMhlllIe'IHble, HO TOJlhKO
60Jlee ImpOTKHe, KJlCTKII.
r. CPo Xoiiep BhICI\a3a.i1 II C006pa}/{eHIISI OTHOCHTeJIhHO cpYHKIJ.HO-
HaJlhHOrO 3Ha l lCHn5I 3THX npIlCnoCooJleHniL OH nO,!!.TBep,!!.HJI Ha6J11o,!!.e-
HII5I CloKe (Sucquet, 1862), KOTOpblii, HaJIIIBa5I COCY,J,IICTYIO CHCTeMY
pa3Hhlx OT,!!.eJIOB TeJla nO.ll.KpallieHlIhlMH pacTBopaMII CMOJlhl, 06Ha-
PY}/{IIJI B pa3Hblx MeCTax KO}/{H coe,!!.IIHeHHSI apTepIlH H BeH, Ha3BaH-
Hhle HM .l1.epIlBaTOpHhIMII KaIJaJlaMII, KOTOphlM npHmICaJl cpYHKlI.HlO ne-
peJlHBaHH5I KpOBII H3 apTepnii B BeHhI B 06xo.l1. KanIlJlJl5IpHOrO PycJla.
O,!!.HaKo r. <D. Xoiiep paCllIHpIlJl 3TO TOJlKOBaHHe, YCMoTpeB B 06xo,!!.-
HOM KpOBOTOKC cnell.IIaJlbHOe npncnOC06J1eHHe ,!!..15I perYJlHpOBaHHSI
nepHcpepwlecKoro KpoBOCHa6)KCH11H 11 CBfI3aHHOii C HHM nepHcpe-
pH'IeCKOii Tel\UlepaTyphl.
B .l1.aJlbHeiillIcM BOnpOCal\UI cTpOelIH5I H cpYHKIJ.HOHHpOBaHHSI apTe-
pHo-BeH03Hhlx aHaCTOM030B B opraHax 3aHHMa.!J11Ch MHorHe HCCJle,!!.o-
BaTeJlH. E,1aro,!!.ap5I 3TOMY 6blJ10 YCTaHOBJleHO, 'ITO apTepIlo-BeH03Hhle
aHaCTOM03hl 5IBJl5IIOTC5I npIlHa.l1.JIC}/{HOCTblO cocY.l1.0B nO'ITH Bcex opra-
HOB. B CTeHKe cep) u.a OHH OOlIapY}/{C'Hbl XnpllIcM (1942, 1947),
3aTel\l OpIlHI MeTaJlOl\f C COTpY,!!.HIIKaMH (Prinzmetal, Simkin,
Bergman a. Kruger, 1947) If 11JlbHHCKIIM (1951), B CTeHKe nHlIJ,eBapH-
TeJlbHoro TpaKTa -lIlYMaxepoM (1934), Eapl{JlaeM H EeHCJlH (Bar-
klay a. BC'nthley, 1949) II BaJlb,!!.C'poM (Wal<;ler, 1951); B CJIIOHHblX >Ke-
JIe3aX -lIlY:\laxepml (1938), B 5I3hIKe-EpoYH (Brown, 1937),
A. C. llly6IIHhlM (1950, 1952), lJa6eJlOBblM (Dabelow, 1951) H OpH'Ia-
pOM H LLalIneJleM (Prichard a. Daniel, 1953). B opraHax .l1.bIXaHH5I
apTC'pIlo-BeH03HbIC a HaCTOM03bl BH.l1.eJlH M. A. EoiiHo-Pa,!!.3eBH'I
(1925),.l1.e EycllIep (de Busscher, 19--1-7), OpHHUMeTaJl C COTpY.l1.HHKaMH
(Orntnitz jf., 1948), A. B. PbIBKIUI,!!. (1948a, 6, 1949a, 6, 1952),
T06HH II LlapHKBHC'II (Tobin a. Zariquiey, 1950), PaH, CTPOYHJI,
Ii T06HH (Rahn, Stround, 1952) H CHpCH II Eyxep (Sirsi a.
Bucher. 1953). B nO'IKe HX BH.l1.eJlIl OpIlHUMeTaJl C COTpY.l1.HHKaMH
(1948) H POTTep (Rotter, 1952). I-IaJIIIllHC apTepno-BeH03HblX aHaCTO-
M030B B nOJlOBhlX opraHax nepBbIH OTMCTIIJI 11. rOJlOBHIICKHH (1905),
3aTeM IIX 06HapY}!{l!JIII A. O. MacJloB (1950) H POTTep H llllOpMaH
(Schiirmann, 1950). Om1caHhI apTepHo-BeH03Hhle aHaCTOM03hl H B
)I(e.!Je3ax BHYTpeHHeii cCKpemm - B llI,HTOBH,!!.HOii (Schmidt, 1940)
II B runocpn3e (Collin, 1939), B 6pbl}/{eiiKe (Akers a. Lee, 1953),
B ClIlvmaTlI'IeCKHX Y3JIaX (lIOHII,'{ClI.. 1942), B CeJIe3elIKe (OpHHlI.MeTaJI
C COTPY.l1.IIHI\aMII, 1948), B ne'leml (Senevirante, 1949; OpHHUMeTaJI
C'COTPY.l1.HI1I<aMH, 1948). 13 nelIeHn 06lIapY)I(eHbl H BeHO-BeH03-
HhlC aHaCTOM03bl (B. <P. OaplpeHTbeBa, 1951).
HaIl60JlbllIee KOJlIl'IeCTBO Ha6J1Io.l1.eHHii OTHOCHTC5I K apTepHo-Be-
H03HblM alIaCTOM03al\f KO)lG!. KpOMC Ha6.110.l1.C'HHii, npnBe,!!.eHHhlx
B pa60Tax r. <P. Xoiiepa (1877) n rpoccepa (1902), ,!!.aHlIble 0 HX Ha-
XO}/{.!IeHlIIl B KO)l(e YTO'IIIelIhI H pacllIIIpeHbI B I1CCJll'.l1.0BaHH5IX rpaHTa
(Grant, 1929-1931), rpaHTa H E.TIaIl.l1.3 (Bland, 1929-1931), KJlap-
Ka (1938), KJlapKa II K!Japl\a (1930, 1932, 1934), H. B. OonoBa
(1935), MaccmJa (Masson, 1937), Klopnliie (Curtillct, 1939), lIlTay-
171
6e3aH.n.a {Staubesand, 1950, 1951), lIhay6e3aH.n.a H reHllIoy (Gen-
schow, 1952), <VorJIepa (Vogler, 1953) 1I EOWTpeIYIa H lIle.n.eJI5I (Bo-
stroem u. Schoedel, 1953).
Bce 3TI1 I1CCJIe.n.OBalIIHI BbInOJIlIenbl npll nOMOIIJ.H pa3Ho06pa3Hblx
MeTo.n.OB, npnqeM, KpoMe H3yqCHHH apTepHo-Ben03Hblx aHaCTOM030B
Ha 06bIqHbIX rllCTOJIOrllqeCKHX npena paTax, aBTopbl npHMeH5IJIH
KaK npmKH3HeHHbIe Ha6JI1o.n.e1Ul51 [Heimberger, 1925; rpaHT,
1929-1931; KJIapK H KJIapK, 1930, 1932, 1934; KlOpTllHe, 1939, H
KaLl. 1I lIlTpeHre (Katz u. Strcnge, 1938)], TaK H MeTO.n. peKoHcTpYK.
Ll.Hii (lIlTay6e3aH.n., 1951) II MeTO.n. MeqeHblX aTOMOB (OpHHLl.MeTaJI
C cOTpy.n.HHKaMH, 1947; CHpCH 1I Eyxep, 1953).
O.n.HHM 1I3 HOBbIX MeTo.n.OB, npHMeHeHHblx .n.JIH 113yqeHH5I apTepHo-
BeH03HbIX aHaCTOM030B, HBJIHeTC5I BBe.n.CHne B apreprll1 MI1KpOCKOml-
qeCKHX CTeKJIHHHblX Wapl1KOB C pa3HblMn, HO 06513aTeJIbHO 60JIee
KpynHblMI1, qeM npocBeT KanHJIJIHpOB, .n.l1aMeTpaMH. OO.LI.CqeT wapH-
KOB 11 perllCTpaLl.I151 lIX .n.llaMeTpoB B BeH03Hoii KpOBII n03BOJIHJIH
lICCJIe.n.OBaTeJIHM YCTaHoBHTb, qTO npocBeT apTepHo-BeH03HbIx aHa-
CTOM030B B cep.n.Ll.e paBeH 70-170 !-t, B JICrKIIX KOJIe6JIeTC5I B npe.n.cJIax
OT 10 .11.0 750 !-t, B CTeHKe )l{eJIy.n.Ka - OKOJIO 165!-t, B CeJIe3eHKe-
300 !-t II T. .11..
K HOBblM MeTo.n.aM HCCJIe.n.OBaHII5I apTepHo-BeH03Hblx aHaCTOMO-
30B npHHa.n.JIe)l(HT 1I npll)l(H3HeHHa5I peHTrcHorpacpllH cOCY.il.HCTOii
CHCTeMbl nOCJIe BBe.n.eHH5I B Hee KOHTpaCTHblx BeIIJ.eCTB. 3TlIM MeTo.n.Ol\l
)1aHHeJIb H OpHqap (1950) 06HapY)l(HJIlI MOIIJ.HbIH WYHTOBblii Mexa-
HH3M B neqeHH. A <VorJIep (1953), npOH3Bo.n.51 cepHHHYIO peHTreHO-
rpacpHIO COCy.n.lICTOH CHcreMbI KOHeqHOCTeii JIIO.n.eii, cTpa.n.alOIIJ.IIX
ulcus cruris H endangitis oblitcrans, BII.n.eJI apTepHo-BeH03Hble aHa-
CTOM03bl Ha peHTreHorpaMMax npoCTblM rJIa30M.
EOJIbWOe pa3Ho06pa311e npllMeHHcMblX MeTo.n.OB 1I 60JIbWOe KO-
JIllqeCTBO Ha6JI1o.n.cmiii n03BOJIIIJIH HCCJIc.n.OBaTeJI5IM 06HapY}!{llTb
aprepHo-BeH03HbIe a HaCTOM03bl B no.n.aBJI5IIOIIJ.eM 60JIbWHHCTBe op-
raHOB.
OnllcaHbI apTepHo-BeH03HbIe aHaCTOM03bl II B cOCy.n.HCTOH CHCTeMe
roJIOBHOrO M03ra (Pfeifer, 1930).
O.n.HaKo Ha.n.o OTMeTHTb, qTO npoTlIB .n.aHllblX Olpeiicpepa BblCTynaeT
E. H. KJIOCOBCKHH (1951). OH aprYMellTllpyeT CBOH B03p3}!\eHHH
TeM, qTO HaJIWlHe apTepllO-BCH03HblX allaCTOM030B B CHCTeMe M03ro-
Boro KpOBo06paIIJ.eHH5I HapYWHJIO 6bl nOCT05lHCTBO TOKa l\pOBH B CO-
cy.n.lIcToii CeTlI M03ra, qTO B CBOIO oqepe.n.b npHBCJIO 6bl K pe3KHM OT-
KJIOHeHH5IM B HOpl\taJlbHOii }!(H3He.n.e5ITCJIbHOCTI1 lIepBHblX KJleTOK.
O.n.HaKO, HeCMOTpH Ha 3TO, B Ll.eJIOM p5I.n.e MCCT cBoeii MOIlOrpa-
CPI1H, nOCB5IIIJ.eHHoii H3yqenHlO UIIPKYJI5ILl.I1H KpOBII B M03ry,
E. H. KJIOCOBCKl1ii rOBOpl1T 0 .n.lma:\1HqccKoii H3:\feHqnBOCTH KpOBOTOKa
B M03ry B CB5I3H C TeM, qTO pa3HbIe HepBllblC' KJIeTKH B 0]],11I1 II TOT }!{e
MOMeHT MorYT HaXO]],HTbC5I B ]],e5ITeJIbllOM COCTOHHIIII pa3JIllqHOii
HHTeHCHBHOCTH, a pa60TaJOIIJ.aH HepBHa51 KJICTKa Tpe6yeT 60JIbWe
KpOBH. Ha npllMepe C pa3]],pa}/{eHlleM BeCTn6YJIHpHOrO annapaTa
OH nOKa3bIBaeT 3HaqlITeJIbHOe pacwnpeHHe cocy.n.OB MHrKoii M03ro-
172
BOH 060JlOIIKlI J106HO-TeMeHHOii 06J1aCTH II O.n.HOBpeMeHHOe nOBbIWeHHe
TeMnepaTypbI 13 Bern.eCTl3e M03ra 3TOH OO.'1aCTH. Ha .n.pyroM npIIMepe
5. H. KJlOCOI3CKIIH nOKa3bmaeT H36HpaTeJlbHOe nOBbIweHHe CKOpO-
CTU TOKa KpOBH B cocy.n.ax 3aTbl.'10 1 IHOii 06JIaCTH npH pa3.D,pa}/{e-
HIIII 3pllTeJlbHbIX pelI.enTopoB 1I cpOPMYJlHpyeT nOJlO}/{eHlIe, 'lTO YCH-
:lemle cpYHKlI.HII TOro 1!J1II IIHoro OT.D,eJla M03ra conpOBmK.D,aeTC5I
pacwHpelmeM KanHJlJUlpOI3 COOTl3eTCTHeHHoii 06J1aCTH.
C .apyroH CTOpOllbl, D. H. KJIOCOI3CKIIH .D,eMOHcTpHpyeT 13 M03ry
Cnal3l11l1eCfI KanIlJlJlflpbl, KOTopbIe OH cqIITaeT BpeMeHHO HecpYHKlI.HO-
HHpyIOrn.HMIi BCJle.D,CTBlie nOHmKeIlHfI q>YHK[J.HOlWJlbHOI ! .D,e5ITeJlbHO-
CTlI Hepl3HbIX K.'leTOK B oo.'laCTII pacnpoCTpaIlelll15I 3TIIX Kanli.YJJl5IpOB.
3T1I nOJlmKeHHfI D. I-I. KJlOCOBCKOro Ii ero COOCTBeHIIble 06DeK-
TIII3Hble .D,aHHbIe Tpc6YIOT HaJ1J1llIlfl MexaIIH3M0I3, cnoc06HblX ouecne-
'lHTb nepepacnpe.D,e"leHlle KpOBlI BHYTPII M03ra.
3T1llvlll McxaHU3MaMH MorYT OblTb 1I apTepll0-BeH03Hble aHaCTO-
M03bI. 130 BC5JKOM CJlyqae eme H. <1). LI.uoH (1873-1874) YKa3bIBaJl
Ha npllcYTcTBlle B CeTqaTKe rJla3a npflMbIx coe.D,rmeIlIIii apTepHaJlbHbIX
H BeH03HblX cocY.D,OI3.
Ha1l60Jlee lIHTepeCHbIMH BonpocaMH, KOTopble B03HlIKJllI H 06CY)K-
.aa:IIICb no xO.D,y MHOro'lHCJlCIIHbIX IICCJle.D,OBaHHli, flBJl5Il0TC5I Te,
KOTopbIe KacaIOTC5I cTpOelIU5I CTeHOK apTepllo-BeH03HblX aHaCTO-
1030B .
B CBoe BpC:\15I ern.c r. <}). XOr!ep YKa3blBaJl, qTO YTO.TJrn.eIIHaH CTeH-
Ka apTepll0-BCH03Horo aHaCTOM03a COCTOliT H3 YKopOqeHHblX H YTOJl-
rn.eHHbIX, T. e. BII)J.01l3:\lelIeHHbIX rJla.D,KOMbIWeqIlbIX K.YJCTOK.
3ToT q>aKT B .D,aJlbJleiiwCM onteqa"lCfI BCe\1II aBTopaMII. Oc06eHHO
fl1HOrO BIIlIMaJ-IIIfI 130npocaM CTpoeHHH CTeHOK apTcpHO-BeH03HbIX
aHaCTOM030B y.D,eJlflJl lllYfltaxep. EMY npllHa.il.J1e}/{IIT CTaBWHH 3aTeM
WllpOKO pacnpOCTpalIelIHbI:\1 TCp!lll11I «3nIlTeJlUOII.D,Hble KJleTKH», KO-
TOpblll 6bl.'1 11M npe)J.J10}/{elI .D,J1f1 0603IIa 1 lelIIIH MO)J.Hqm[J.lipOBaHHbIX
MblWeqHbIX 3J1eMeHTOB CTelIKH apTepHO-BeH03HbIX aHaCTOM030B B Kon-
IIHIWBOM TeJle (lllYMaxep, 1908). OH YKa3bmaeT, lITO MO}/{HO npocJle-
.D,HTb Bce CTa)J.HII nepeXO.D,a OT OOblllHblX MblwellHbIX KJICTOK apTepHH K
«3nIlTeJlII01I;J.HbIM» K.'leTK3M allaCTOM03a H corJlaWaeTCfI C r. <}). Xorle-
pOM B TOM, liTO KOpOTlme, IHlor)J.a oKpyrJlbIe KJleTKH B tunica media
aHaCTOM03a (3nIITeJlIl01IJJ.lIbIC-nO ero TepMlIH0J10rHlI) HI3J15JIOTCfI CBoe-
06pa3Hoii MO;J.lIq>IIKaIUleii OOblqllblX rJla)J.KOMbIWeqHbIX 3J1CMeHTOB
CTelIKH apTcplill (lllYMaxep, 1908, 1915).
BnOCJle)J.cTI3lII1 XaBJllIqeK (Havlicck, 1929) npc.n..'10}/{1I,,'llla3bIBaTb
3nIITeJ1110ll)J.Hble K.leTl{H HaoyxaJorn.IIMH KJleTKaMli «(QuellzelIen> ),
cqHTa5J, qTO MexaHII3M IIX .D,eHCTBHH COCTOI1T He B COKparn.eIIHII H pac-
c.YJa6.YJeHHlI, a B Ha6yxamlll 11 oT6yxmlllH. 3TY )l{e TOllKY 3peHllSI Bbl-
CKa3aJl 11 5eHHHHrXOq>cp (1930). Ooa 011I1 C'IHTaJlII, qTO npll Haoyxa-
HrIlI 3THX 1(J1eTOK npOliCXO.D,HT naCCllBllOe 3aKpbITHe npocBeTa aHa-
CTOM03a.
.'\\Horo ueHHoro, OCOOCHHO B OTHoweHlIH BblflCHCHH5J CPYHKUHO-
HaJIbHOrO 3HaqeHHH apTCpHo-BeHo3l1blX aHaCTOM030B, )J.a,,'lH H npH-
JKH3HeHHble Ha6J1IO)J.eHlIH.
173
Eme XeHM6eprep (1925), npllMeH5ISI l<anHJIJISIpOCKOnllqeCKHH Me-
TO,!!., BlI)].eJI apTepllO-l3eH03HblC aHaCTOM03bl B 06JIaCTil KanHJIJI5Ip-
Horo PYCJIa B no,!!.COCOqKOBOM COCY)].HCTOM CnJIeTemm naJIbueB qe-
JIOBeKa. HeCMOTp51 Ha HeCOBepweHCTBO CBoero MeTo,!!.a, OH Bce LKe
3aMeTHJI, qTO 3aKpblTlIe aHaCTOM03a COBna)].aeT C nepllO,!!.OM, Kor)].a
KanllJIJI5Ipbl )].eJIaIOTCSI npOXO)].lIMbIMlI.
LI.aHHbie XeHM6eprepa Hallum nO,!!.TBepm)].eHlIe B lICCJIe,!!.OBaHlI5IX
<l>orJIepa (1953), KOTOpblH BlI,!!.eJI OTKpblTbie aHaCTOM03bl npll Ha-
JIlIqllll npen5lTCTBlIll B KamfJIJI5IpHOM PycJIe.
B yxe )I(lJBOro )(poJIllKa aprepllo-BeH03Hble aHaCTOM03bl Ha6JIIO)].aJI
fpaHT (1929-1931). EMY npllHa)].JIemllT YCT3HOBJIeHHe BblcoKolf
peaKTlIBHoCTH apTepHo-l3cH03HblX aHaCTOM030B, KOTopbIe pacwllpSI-
IOTC5I B OTBeT Ha MeXaHlIqCCKOe pa3,!!.pa)l(eHHe, Ha ,!!.eiicTBHe rllCTaMlIHa
1I aueTlIJIXOJIlIHa. XOJIo)]. paBHblM 06pa30M Bbl3bIBaeT pacwllpeHlIe
aHaCTOM030B, a,!!.peHaJIlIH LKe lIX 6bICTpO cymlIBaeT.
HaH60JIee nOJIHbie npH)I(lJ3HeHHble lICCJIe,!!.OBaHH5I apTepllo-BcH03-
HblX aHaCTOM030B npllHa,!!.JIe)l(aT KJIapKaM (1930, 1932, 1934). rIpll-
MeHlIB pa3pa60TaHHbll ! lIMH MCTO)]. np03paqHOH KaMepbI B yxe KPOJIH-
Ka, OHlI MOrJIlI YCTaHoBHTb qllCJIO aHaCTOM030B Ha e,!!.lIImUe nOBepx-
HOCTlI (25-50 Ha 1,6 CM 2 ) lI, KaK 1I fpaHT, OTMeTlIJIlI, qTO aHaCTOM03bI
pearHpYIOT Ha TaKTlIJIbHOe pa3)].pa)l(eHlIe 1I 1I3MeH5IIOT CBOll npocBeT
no)]. BJIH5IHlIeM XOJIo)].a H TenJIa. KpoMe Toro, 1I B nOKOC OHH PIfTMlIqHO
OTKpblBaJOTC5I 1I 3aKpblBaIOTC5I. 3T0 LKe BH)].eJI 1I KlOpTlIIle (1939).
Ha)].o OTMeTHTb, qTO npmKH3HeHHblMH HCCJIe)].OBaHIISIMH YCTaHoB-
JIeHa BbICOKa51 peaKTHBHoCTb aHaCTOM030B, o,!!.HaKO B OTHoweHHH
HX 06111.ero pacnpe)].eJIeHH5IlI MHKpOCKOnHqeCKOII CTPyKTYPbl 3TH IIC-
CJIe)].OBaHlI5I He npH6aBHJIlI K HMeIOl11.lIMC5I CBe)].eHH5IM HlIqerO
HOBoro.
ECTeCTBeHHO, qTO TaKaSI BbIpameHlIa51 pC'aKTIfBHOCTb apTepHO-
BeH03HblX aHaCTOM030B )].OJI)I(Ha HMeTb B OCHOl3e lIepBHblii MexaHH3M.
He60JIbWOe KOJIWleCTBO HCCJIe,!!.Ol3aHHii, nOCB5Il11.eHlIblX 1I3yqeHlIIO
HX lIHHepl3aUllll, pewaeT 3TOT Bonpoc nOJIOmIITeJIbHO.
B CBoe BpeMH f. <P. XOllep (1876, 1877) YKa3blBa.TJ, qTO apTepHo-
BeH03HbIe aHaCTOM03bI 60raTbl HepBaMIf. fpocccp (1902), nO)].TBepm-
)].a51 r. <l>. XOI !epa, OTMe'JaJI, qTO TeJIbua <1>aTep-rIaqHHlI JIe)l(aT B He-
nocpe)]'cTBeHHOI ! 6JIII30CTlf I{ HHM. HeCKOJIbKO n03)1(e lIlYMaxep
(1908) BII)].eJI TeCHoe OTlloweHHC ClIMnaTHqeCKIIX BOJIOKOH K KOnqll-
KOBOMY TeJIY, oprallY, 60raToMY apTepHo-Bell03HblMlI allaCTOM03aMII.
o 6JIH30CTH nJIaCTllHqaTbIX qyBCTBHTCJIbHbIX OKOHqallllii K allaCTOMO-
3aM roBOpHT lIlYIYIaxep 1I B )IpyroH cBoeH pa60Te (1934).
CnelUfaJIbHYIO Hel3pOJIOmqecKYIO MeTO)Ilmy )].JIH 06Hapyme-
HIISI HepBoB B apTepllo-l3eH03HblX allaCTOM03ax npHMeHlIJI fpaHT
(1929-1931). OKpacKa MeTHJIClIOBOI ! ClIHbKOI ! n03BOJIHJIa eMy 06Ha-
PY)l(lJTb 0611JIbHOe ncpHBacKYJI5IpllOe CnJIeTeHHC TOHKHX lIepl3l1blX
BOJIOKOH BOKpyr KaHaJIa aHaCTOM03a. fpaHT np01l3BO)IlIJI If <pa-
pa)IlIqeCKOe pa3)Ipa)l{eHHe nepH<pepllqeCKOrO KOllua nepcpe3allHoro
CHMnaTljqeCKOrO HepBa lIa wee H BH,!!.eJI npll 3TOM 6blcTpoe H CHJIbHOe
cOKpaIllellHe CTeHOK allaCTOM03a, Be)IYl11.ee K cymeHHIO lIJIlI K 3a-
174
KpblTlUa era npOCBeTa - (paKT, n03}!i:e nO,!!.lBepni:.II.eHHbIH .lJ.o66eH-
5peKeMail .lJ.llpKeHOM(Dobbcn-Broekemaa.Dirken, 1950a, 11).
rpaHT 3aMeTHJI, 'ITO apTepll5l, KOTOpOIt npllHa.ll.JIemHT aHaCTO-
M03, cymHBaeTC5I n03)li:e II ne TaK CHJIbHO. MeH5I5I CHJIY TOKa, fpaHT
no,!!.o6paJI TaKYJO, KOTOpa5I BbI3bIBaJIa COKpaLIJ.eHHe TOJIbKO aHaCTO-
M03a, He COKpaLIJ.a5I apn'pHli. 3TH Ha6JIlo,!!.eHH5I n03BOJIHJIH fpaHTY
C.II.eJIaTb BblBO,!!., 'ITO HCpBna51 CHcreMa 13 OCHOBHOM o6ecne'IHBaeT
nO.ll.BHmHOCTb CTeHKII apn'pHO-BeH03Horo aHaCToM03a.
B 1935 r. HOHII,!!.eu (1935b), IICCJIe.ll.Y5I I1HHepBaUIiOHHbIe OTHO-
lIleHII5I 13 LIJ.I1TOI3H,!!.HOH >li:eJle3e, 06napyni:HJI 13 neit, KaK yme YKa3blBa-
JIOCb, MnOrO'IHCJICHHbIe apTepHo-BeH03HblC aHaCTOM03bl, TaK rYCTo.
onYTaHHbIe HepBaMH, 'ITO HeI303MOni:HO 6bIJIO pellIHTb, KaKlle H3.
HHX npllHa,!I.JIemaT Henocpc,!!.CTBeHHo anacToM03Y.
a TaKol1 me npHMepHo rycToTe pacnOJIO}!i:eHII5I HepBHblx BOJIOKOH
OKOJIO H 13 CTeHKe aHaCTOM03a rOBopllT II MaccoH (1937). OH OTMe'IaeT
TOHKHe 6e3M5IKOTHble BOJIOKOHUa, KOTopble, ncpexo.ll.51 C apTepHH,
06pa3YJOT MaHmeTKY Ha KaHaJIe aHaCTOM03a. Ha BeH03HbIit cerMeHT
3Ta MaHni:eTKa He pacnpOCTpaH5IeTC5I. MaLCOH YKa3blBaeT, 'ITO 13 IIH-
HepBaUHII aHaCTOM030B npllIllfMalOT y'JaCTHe Ii M5IKOTHble BOJIOKHa,
.naJOIllHe OKOH'IaJIlI5I B tunica media II 13 tunica adventitia.
PaBHblM 06pa30M II 5pOYH (1937) onllCblBaeT ,!!.l3a THna HepBoB,
npllHHMaJOIllHx Y'IaCTlle B IIHnepBauHl1 apTcpll0-BeH03HblX aHaCTO-
M030B - TOHKlle 6e3M5IKOTHbIe, OKaH'IHl3aJOIlllleC5I 13 tunica media
CJOKe-xoiiepoBcKoro I<3HaJIa H TOJICTbIC M5IKOTi1bIe, 06pa3YJOIllHe
MaCCHBHble OKOH'IaHII5I aqxpepcHTHoro TlIna B tunica adventitia
HX H p5l.ll.0M C HeIO.
PeuenTopbl apTCpHo-BeH03HbIX anaCTOM030B 06Hapyni:HJIII
A. O. MaCJIoB (1950), A. C. lIly611H (1950, 1952) H T. A. rpHrOpbeBa
(19496, 19516).
TaKliM 06pa30M, 113 OnIiCaTE'JIbHbIX paGoT BI-I,!!.HO, 'ITO apTepHO-
BeH03HbIe aHaCTOM03b1 60raTo CHa6meHbI HepBHblMH 06pa30BaHH5IMH,
KOTopble, cY,!!.51 no HX 'IHCTO MOp<}JOJIOrll'IeCKIIM npH3HaKaM, npe.n-
CTaBJIeHbI ,!!.ByM5I BI-I.II.aMH nepBoB - TonKHMH 6e3M5IKOTHblMH Ba30-
MOTopa:o.tII II TOJICTbIMIl Mflli:OTnbIMIl BOJIOKHaMH, 3aKan'IUBaJOIllHMHC5I
peuenTopnblMH Oli:OH'WHH5IMII.
OepBa5I ni:e 3KcnepHMeliTaJIblW5I pa60Ta 3TO nO.ll.TBep,!!.HJIa. Ho-
HH,!!.eu (1942), HaTKHYBwHiic5I B CBOllX HCCJIe,!!.OBami5IX Ha aprepHo-
BCH03Hble aHaCTOM03b1, paCnOJImKeHHbIe 13 CHMnaTH'IeCKIIX Y3JIaX,
II 06napyml-IB ux 0611JILnYl0 lIHHepl3aIUIIO, npHMCHHJI MeTO,!!. nepepe-
30K .11."151 pelIleHH5I Bonpoca 0 npHpo.ne HepBOB aHaCTOM030B. HOHII.II.eu.
npIllIle"'I K BbIBO,!!.y, 'ITO B,a30MOTopaMII anaCTOM030B 5IBJI5IJOTC5I noCT-
raHrJIHOHapHble CIIMnaTU'IeCKHC BOJIOKIJa. ami-TO H 06pa3YJOT
cnJICTellli5I TOHKIIX 6C3M5IKOTHblX BOJIOKOH, OKaH'IIIBaJOLIJ.IIXC5I cpe,!!.11
«3nIlTeJIHon,!!.HbIX» 3JIeMeHTOB CTCIIIm aIJaCTOM03a. PeuenTopbl me
aHaCToM030B 06pa30BaHbl pa313eTBJIellll5lMII TOJICTblX M5IIi:OTHblX
BOJIOKOH - OTpOCTKOB KJIeTOK CnIIHnOM03roBblX Y3JIOB.
He.ll.aBHO A. C. llly611H (1950, 1952) BbInOJIHHJI HCCJIe.ll.OBaHHH, no-
CB5ILIJ.eHHble 3KcnepllMeHTaJIbHoMY BbI5ICHeHHJO Bonpoca 0 npHpO.ll.e
175.
HepBOB apTepllO-BeH03HbIX aIIaCTOM03013. 011 'raK )Ke, KaK Ii npe,'J.bI)J.Y-
llI.lIe aBTopbI, YCTmlOBlIJI cpaKT 13 BblCllIeii CTeneIIlI 06UJIbHOii lIHHep-
Ball.UU 3TUX 06pa30BalIHH Ii yqaCTlle 13 3Toii IIlUlepBaIJ.lIU TOJICTbIX
H cpe,'J.Hero KaJIu6pa M5IKOTHbIX lIepUOI3. 11pllMeHHB MeTO,'J. nepcpe-
30K HepBllblX npOBO,'J.HlIKOI3 C nOCJIC,'J.YIOIU,IIM BbI51BJIeHUe;\1 nepepmK-
,1alOllI.lIXC5I BOJIOKOH, A. C. IlIyGulI YCTalIOBllJI, qTO I\UIKOTHble
BOJIOKHa 5II3JI5IIOTC5I qYBCTBUTeJIbHbIMU, 06p33YIOlll.U:\1H CJImKHble
pell.enTOpbl, cHa6meHHbie neTeJILKa!\IH U KOlIlI.el3blYfU cplI6pllJIJISIp-
HbIMU nJlaCTIiIlK3MU. PeuenTopbl paCIIOJIO)KClIbl He TO"lbKO 13 tunica
adventitia, 110 0611JIbHO npe,'J.CT313"lellbl B tunica media II 3aXO,'J.SIT
,'J.mKe 130 I3HYTpemllOlo 060JIOqKY 3113CTOM03a. HeiipOHbl, ,131OllI.Ue
HaqaJIO 3T11:\1 BOJIOKllaM, "le}!{3T B COOTBeTCTI3CHHblX cnllHHO- 1'1.11'1
llepenHoM03roBblX qYBCTBIITe.1LHbIX Y3JI3X. 11pll Y,'J.aJIeHlIlI cmma-
THqeCKlIX Y3JIOB pacn3,'J.3IOTC5I TOIIIOIC Oe3M5IKOTHble BOJIOKHa,
OOllJIbHO clla6)l(3lOllI.lle 31WCTOYf03 CBOHYfU BeTBJIeHUH:\UI, npOlIH-
KalOllI.HMII 13 caYfYIO TO.lJ:llI.y era tunica media, nOCTpoeHHYlo 1'13
:JnUTCJIHOH,'J.HbIX 3JIeMeHTOB.
I1 13 CTapoe BpeM5I, U renepl> Miloruc aBTopbl OTMeq3IOT, qTO
CTeneHb CJImKHOCTU apTepIi0-BeIl03I1bIX aHaCTOM030B 1\1OmeT 6b1Tb
pa3JIUqHOiL Cpe.ll.H IIUX BCTpeqaIOTC5I Ii TaKue, MYCKYJIaTypa KOTOpblX
HHqeM He OTJIHqaeTC5I OT MYCI<)'JI3Typbl OObIqllblX apTepuii, a TaK}!,e
H TaKue, MblllIeqHble 3JIeMeHTbl KOTOpblX 113MClleHbl 1'1 HMelOT BII.lI.
KOpOTKHX oKpyrJIblX KJIeTOK co cl3erJIoii npoTonJl33Moii, JlHllIeHHblX
MllOcpu6pllJlJl.
I1 r. <P. XOHep, 1'1 fpoccep, II BaCT3pmm-Kpe3H (Vastarini-
Cresi, 1903) YKa3b1B3J1I1, qTO B TO.'lCTblX CTeHK3 x IICKOTOpblX
apTepHo-BeH03l1blX aHaCTOM03013 MorYT I1aXO.ll.IITLC5I II UUPKYJl5IpHble,
II npO.ll.OJIbHble MblllIeqHble BOJlOKlla, a yKopOqeHIlble 3J1E'MeHTbl,
33MeH5IIOlll.lIe 06blqHbIe MblllIeqllLIe KJlCTKU 13 onpe,'J.eJIeHHOM I3l1.l1.e
aHaCTOM030B, CqllTaJIU cBoe06pa3Ho .lI.mpepeHUlipoBaHHoH cpopMoii
06bIqHbIX rJIa.ll.KUX MbIllIlJ. apTepu3.lJ:hllOii CUCTeYfbI.
06 3TOM me roBOpHT II HOIIII,'J.CIJ. (l H2). II A. C. IlIy6uII
(1950, 1952), BlI.lI.eBllIHe, K3K II CT3pble aBTOpbl, Bce nepeXO.ll.blMem.LI.Y
TCMII II .lI.PYflIMH 3JIe:\leHTaMH.
CHaqaJIa 13 CKeJleTHLIX MblllIIWX, 3 3aTC:\1 II 13 neKOTopbIX .nPYflIX
opr3Hax, HanpHMep, 13 nO.iJ.CJIII3HCTOii 060JIolIl<e nlllll.eB3pllTe.lbHoro
TpaIna HaMH OOH3pY>KeHO, qTO TIInllqnoii cpOp:\lOH apTepIi0-BeH03-
HbIX aH3CTOM030B B 3TIiX oprall3X HB.JUleTC5I npOCToe coe.nIlHeHHe MeJI-
KOI ! apTcpli1i H BellY.lbI. Coe,!I.HlIelllie 3TO npC;J.CTaB.IJ:51eT c060if apre-
pllOJIY C 06b1qHbIM .lI.JI5I Hee Ojl.lIl1M C-'IOeM rJIalI.KO:\lblllIeQHblX KJIeTOK.
CaMIi MbIlliellHble KJIeTKU nO,!I.BeprJIIICL TllnllllHoii .nJl5I KOHlI.eBbIX OT-
.lI.eJIOB apTepll3JIbHbIX COCY,'J.OB MO,!I.lIlpHK3IJ.HII - Y HHX yme IIMeIOTC5I
YTOJIllI.eHHa51 Ii paCllIHpeHH35I Cpe.nIHHI llaCTb, CO,!I.epm3ll1.351 OKpyrJIOe
5I.npo, 1'1 60JIee TOIIKlIe KOHlI.bl, OXB3TbIB310lll.Ue 311;J.oreJIlill (pUC. 130a).
110 CBOllM IIHHepB3ullOHHblM np1l6op3M T3KlIe 3HaCTOM03bl HlIQeM He
OTJlIIQ3IOTC5I OT 06b1QHbIX 3prepIlOJl: aqxpepeHTHble OKOHQ3HlI5I npe,u.-
CTaBJIeHbl 13 HIiX npOCTblMH BeTBJIeHU5IMlI cnUHHOM03rOBblX BOJIOKOH,
3cpcpepeHTIIbIe - nOCTra II r.1 110113 pllbl:\1H CIIMnaTliQeCKlIMIi BOJIOKHaMIi.
17G
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to
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PIIC. 130a. f1poCToit apTepHO-De1l0311b1H ailaCTOM03 113 CKe.1eT-
HbIX MblWU lo(1. 45x, aK, 15x; pliCOBaJlbllblH annapaT lIa ypODlie
CTOJla; YMellhweno npll nelJaTI1 B P/2 pa3a).
II-
"
PIIC. 1306. ApTepuo-Bell03l1blll ailaCTO\i03 113 coe;J.IIHIITe.1bIlOTKdH
1I0ro CJIOH KO>KH. MI1Kpoj'OTO (OU. 45'<, OK. It!:>- J.
12 f. ,\. rpnrop.c,' I
177
TaKlie HeCJIO}l(HO nOCTpOeli HblC alI3CTOM03bl OLJeHb MIIOrOlIllCJleH-
UbI B CKeJIen1b1X MbIWuaX II B nO.ll.CJIII311CTOI1 060JIOlme BCerO ,rJ,.111H-
HIiKa mUIJ.eBapllTeJIbHoro TpaKTa. He.ll.aBHO E. M. lllaMaeBa (1952)
OnHcaJIa IIX II B cep03Hoii 060JIOLJKe }I(eJIY.lI. Ka .
fl.-HI KO)l<I! II CJIII3IICTOii 060JIOlll0i pTa If HOCOBOII nOJ10CTil xapaK-
TepHbl apTepIlO-BeH03Hble aHaCTOM03bl C 60.rree CJIO)l(HbIM npoikT-
:"(
... <..
.r '
:, 1:\-. 1\.' '\ .' ,+........... .' "IF
. . .,'> '" '
, .... . t..' :f.''1 ) ,-.:-'
. 1fI, - ,:, -t -"', . ;11!10'
',. '- . .' , .' , " !J')' .' ' .
&\J i.: ",.. ;'::-..... "';
..... ,I,! J '1'1 ',,-! ..
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PHC. 131. ApTepll0-Bell03l1blH aHaCTOM03 H3 COC.l\III1HTeJIbIlOTK311-
1I0ro CJIOH KO>KH. Ero 'IYBcTBHTeJIbIl31i lIHllepBaUIIH (06. 45 "
OK, 10 x; pllCOBaJIbllblH annapaT Jla ypoBlie CTo.qa; YMellbllieJlO
npll ne'laTH B Jl/ 2 pa3a).
BOM. OObllIlIO - 3TO 60Jlee IIJIIf MeHee 1130rlIYTble Kalla.lbl C )'310iM
npOCBeTOM II YTOJIrn.eHHoii (3a ClleT YBeJ1JiLleHII5I lHtCJIa MblwellHblX
3JIeMeHTOB) CTeHKoii, pacnOJIO>KCHHble MeiK,rJ,Y 60Jlee Me.1KII:\flI,
a IIHor.na II Me>K,rJ,Y UOJIl'C Kpynllbll\IIf apTepll5IMII II BClla:\IlI opraHa
(pIlC. 1306). 4arn.e Bcero 1130rH)'TocTb KaHaJIa Bblpa>KeHa 3H3LJIiTe.'lb-
HO, II Ha npenapaTc BlI,rJ,HO HeCKOJIbKO pa3pe30B ero p5I.lI.OM p<l.:no.'lo-
>KCHHbIX BIITKOB (pIIC, 131).
TaJ( Ha3blBaeMa5I 3nIneJIIIOII.ll.lIa5I MO.ll.IIcpm<aUII5I MbllIIellIlblX 3Jle-
MeHTOB CTeHKII apTepIIO-BeH03HbIX aHaCTOM030B 3Toro pO.ll.a BII,rJ,Ha
OLJeHb xopowo. ¥Ix YTOJIrn.clIlIa5I tunica media npC.lI.CTaBJIelia )'KOpO-
LJeHHblMIi 3JIeMellTaMIi C OBaJIblIblMlI lIJIII OI<pyrJIbiIlIlI H,rJ,paMII
(pHC. 131, 132a, 6, 133, 134a, 6). T3K >Ke xopowo BH,rJ,lIbl Ii nocTeneH
178
Hble [[epe\:O,Abl aT OObllllIblX rJW).!,KO:\1blwe4I1bIX KJleTOK C Y).!,JIIIHeH-
Hbll\1l1 51).!,paMII K 3TIIM C130C06pa311blM 3JI('MCHT<lM C 51).!,pal\lII nmJ1llHOH
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napi!T IIi! ypOBlie CTOJla; Y lellbwello npll ne'laTiI BPI. pi!3a).
Ha PIl YIIK<lX XopOWO 13 11;1,11 bl U IIHllepB<lu.IIOIlIlbIC nplloopbl 3TIIX
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npe).!,CTaI3JI5IIOi COOOH ).!,OBOJIbHO npOCTble BCTBJICllIIfI TOJICTblX If cpe).!,-
Hero KaJIH6pa I\151KOTIlbIX I30JIOI<OH. Ha nonepe1llIOM pa3pC3e O).!,Horo
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12* 179
BCIO TOJUlJ.Y ero CTeHKII (pill:. 1326). 4at!J.e peIJ.CnTOp npe,J.CTaB-
JIeH CJIO>KHbIM 3nnap3To:\"I, OXI3aTblBaIOlll.IIM I3CCb IWHaJI aHaCTOM033
(pHC. 132a). II;] KOIIIJ.CI3bIX BCTBHX llyncTBIITE'JIhllblX OKOHlJ3HIlii
Hepe,lI.lU1 BCCI303MmI(JIble pCTliKYJI 51pllblC flJJaCTllIIKIi II 6.TJHIlJIU1
(pHC. 135). 3aCJIY>KHBaIOT T3K>KC BIIIIM31111H Y>Ke onllC3Hllble B npe,lI.bl-
,lI.YllI.eH rJI3Be peu.enTopbl, nOCblJIalOllI.lIC CBOII BeTOllKIi K pa3JIlIlJHbl:\f
CTPYKTyp3M. H3 pHC. 133 BIf)lHO, 1{3K TOJ1CToe M5IKOTIIOC I30JIOKHO
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M03a H3 coe,/\IIIiIlTe. bIiOTKaIlHoro C.10H Komll
(00. 45 X, OK. 15 '<; pllcoBa.1bHblll anniJpaT lIa
ypoBlieCTO!la; YMellblUello npll IlC ' laTIi B Jl/ 2 pa3iJ).
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B nOJIHOM COOTBeTCTB III I C TC:\1, lIro OnllCblBaIOT HOlIll,lI.el (1942) If
A. C.llIy6HH (1950, 1%2), npE',lI.CTaBJIella 'lpe3BbllJaiillO OOIfJIbHO. Opll
Y,lI.aJleHHH penlOHapnblx CIIMIlaTH'leCKIIX Y3JIOB, KJIerKII Iwropblx no-
CblJIalOT cnoll HciipHTbI K COKpanneJIbHbl:\1 3JIeMeHT3M aHaCTO:\f030a,
B KapTHHax ,lI.ereHepmUIlI Ha1100.:1ee OTlJeT.TJIfBO BII,lI.II0 OOIIJIlIe :\fOTOp-
HblX HepI3HblX npHoopOB B apTepIIO-BE'H03HblX aHaCTO:\f03ax II TeCHblif
KOHTaKT 3TI1X npl100pOB C MblWelJIIblMH I{JIeTKaMIf (pIIC. 133, 134a, 6).
He,lI.aI31w I30WTPCM II llIe,lI.eJIb (1953), npIl6aI3JI5IH B I{POBOTOK
B3BeCb MIIKpOCKOnIflleCIOIx CTeK.,l51HlILIX W;]PIIKOB, oOllapY>KIf.llf,
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180
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3aKJlIOllllTb, lITO apT< pIl0-Ben03HbIC 3n3CTOM03bl 3TOro ,\Hna SIBJIHIOT-
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PeuenTOp O,/\IIOBpellleHIIO IilillepBlipyeT fI aliaCTOM03, If
apTeplllo, Ii BellY (06. 45 X, OK. 10 X; pHCOBaJIbllblll
annapaT lIa ypOBlie CTo.1a; YlllellbllJeliO npli ne'laTH
B (1/2 pa3a).
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HY>KHO CKa3aTb, lJTO 60.1bWUHCTBOl\l HCCJIeJl.OBaTeJIeii 3TOT Bonpor'
pewae1 CH, nOBIlJl.IIMOMY, BepHo.
Y}Ke r. ( . Xoiiepy (1877) 6blJla Hcna B03l\1mI<HOCTb apTepHo-
BeH03Horo aH3CTOM03a BMeWUBaThCfI B ncpllcpepilllecKYlo IJ.HPKYJIH-
IJ.mo II CTeneHblO 3aKpblTlHI IlJIII OTKpbITUH CBOCro npocBeTa YBeJlH-
lIlIBaTb HJIII YMeHbwaTb KpoBenanOJIHenHe KanHJlJlSlpOB H TeM caMblM
BJlHHTb H Ha nepllcpepHlJecKYlo TeMnepaTYPY.
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aliaCTOM03a 113 COe.l\HIIIITe. bIlOTKalilioro C. OH KO>KII. CIiMnanl-
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.l\eCIlMnaTH3aUHII (06. 45 > , OK. lOx; pHCOBa.%lIbIH annapaT
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113 COe.l\HIIIITe. bIlOTKalilioro C. OH KO>KII. ClllllnaTII'ICCKne BOJIOKlia
.l\erellepllpYIOT BCJIe}JCTBHe npe}JBapllTeJIhllOH }JeCIlMnaTlI3aIIIiH (06. 45x,
OK. 15x; pHcoBa. bllblll a!lnapaT lIa ypoBlie CTo. a; YMelibweliO npll
ne'laTIl n Jl/ 2 p:na).
182
YllIHble pal<OBIHlbI, KOH l ll11< HOCa, XBOCT) TOJIKaJJ BHltM3HHe HCCJIe,ll.O-
BaTeJIeH HMeHHO K BOnpOcaM 60pb6bI OpraHH3Ma C nepeOXJIa)l{}J.CHMeM
3THX '-IaCTeH. n03TOMY Y pHJ.l.a aBTOpOB H nOCJIe r. <P. Xoiiepa-
Y rpoccepa (1902), illy:.mxepa (1908, 1915), rpaHTa (1929-1931),
H. B. OonoBa(1934),MaccolIa (1937), 0POYH (1937),l'l'\. H. 5.'Iox (1941)-
B Ka'-leCTBe e,ll.HHCTBelIHoro HJIH O,ll.HOro H3 Ba,KHbIX CPYllIUI.HOHaJIb-
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113 coel,HIIIITC,1bIlOTKalilioro C.'IOH KOMII (00. 45x, OK. 15:>(; pHCOBaJIbllblH
annapaT lia ypoDlle CTOJla; YMeliblulHO npH ne'laTiI B P/2 pa3a).
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BblC npe.!!.CT3BJICHltH 0 (PYUI<LI.110I-laJIbHo:\l 3Ha'-leHIIIi 3THX CTPYKTYp.
B I-IaCTo5Jw.ee BpeI'MI 60JIblllHHCTBO:.f MCCJIe,ll.OBaTeJIeii C'HlTaeTCfl, '-ITO
C nOM0w.blO aprepHO-I3eU03HblX aHaCTO:.f030B perYJllipyeTcH KanMJI-
.aHpHblii KpOBOTOK, Kanlt,lJIflpHOe .!!.3B"leI-llte, a TeM C3:.fbI'\1 nOJI..'J.ep)l{H-
BaeTCfl H3 He06xo,ll.H:.fOM ypoBHe KpoBocHa6>KeHl1e napeHxHMbI opraHoB
(HoHH).!,eLI., 1942; OapKJlaH It ECIICJIH, 1949; A. C. illy6ml, 1952;
T. A. rpHropbeI33, 1932). BblcKa3bIB31oTCfl npe).!,nOJIO)l{eHMH
H 0 OOJIee CneLI.lla.'Ilt3I1pOnaIIHoH (PYIIKIUHL Tal<, Xupw (1942) C'-IH-
TaCT, '-ITO apTepHO-BeH03I-1ble aHaCTOM03bI B cep,'J.LI.e 5JBJ1HIOTCH pe-
rYJI5lTopal'v!ll .!!.aI3JIellllfl, npOH3BO,ll.HMOrO Ha COCYlJ:HCTYIO CTeHKY
KpOBblO H ceplJ:e'-lHoii MbIllILI.eii, a BHJIL6paHlJ:T II JIaYTep6ypr
(Wilbrandt u. Lauterburg, 1949) npe.n.nOJIarmOT, '-ITO npH nOMOlll.M
apTepnO-BeI-l03Hb1X alIaCTOM030n npelJ:oTBpaw.aeTcH 3aCToHHoe lJ:aB-
JIeHHe H Tl<aI-lCBOH OTeK.
183
KaK BI1.lI.HO H3 Bcero 113JlO>KeIlHOrO, B npC,ilCTaBJll'HlUlX 0 CPYHKIlHO-
HaJIbHOM 3HalJeHI111 apTepl10-Bell03l1blX all3CTOM030B OCHOBHa51
pOJIb OTBO.lI.I1TC5I IIX cnOC06HOCTII, 113:\1CII5I5I nmpllHY cBoero npOCBCTa,
Hanp3BJl5ITb OCHOBHOH TOK Kp0I3lI IIJ1II B 1{3nIlJI.15lPbl (KOr.lI.a npOCBeT
aH3CTOM03a 3aKpbIT) I1JIII R BeHY (Kor,'l.a OH 31151eT). BCJ.\YW.II:\1 cpaKTO-
pOM OKa3bIBal'TC5I B I\OllelJHOM HTore BblCOKoe conpOTIIBJleHlle B
IWnl1JIJl5IpHOM PycJle. npH OTKpblTOM all3CTOM03e KpOBb YCTpeM-
JI5IeTC5I B ero npOCBeT II B BeHY B 06xo;J, Kanll.1JI5IPOB. I I .1IlWb npl1
3aKpblTOM aHaCTOM03e KpOBb 3anOJIH5ICT KanHJIJl5IpHOe JIO>Ke ,'),allHoro
YlJacTI<3 opraHa.
yIcxoJ.\51 113 3THX cpaKTOB, MO>KHO CJ.\e:WTb H 06w.ee 3aK.llOlJeHl1e
o 3HalJeHI1U apTepl10-BeH03HblX aHaCTOM030B. HeCOMHeHHO, lJTO 3TU
CTPYKTypbl 51BJI5IlOTC5I lJpe3BbllJailHO J.\eiiCTBeHllbIMH npucnoc06.1e-
HU5IMI1, npll nOMow.u KOTOpblX opraHU3M 06eCnelJHBaCT c{'oe B Ka>K-
J.\blH .lI.aHHblii MOMCHT ueJIeC006pa3Hoe MeCTHoe opraHHoe KpOBo06pa-
w.eHue. I3JIaroJ.\ap51 IIX HaJlJ-lIIIIIO UMeeTC5I B03MO>KHOCTb YCHJlHTb
KpOBOTOK B opraHe, pa60TalOw.eM C nOBblweHHoii Harp)'3Koii, U Bbl-
KJIlOlJUTb J.\O He06xoJ.\I1MOH CTeneHU 6eCnOJIe3Hble B J.\aHHbli-'j MOMeHT
KanUJIJl5Ipbl TaM, rJ.\e opraH HaXOJ.\UTC5I B OTHOCIlTeJlbHOM nOI<oe.
3TO oc06eHHo Ba>KHO J.\JI5I >KC.1e3I1CTbIX opraHoB, KOTopble HIIKor;J,a
He pa60TalOT C OJ.\UHaKOBOH UHTCHCIIBHOCTbIO. Ba>KHO 3TO H no OT-
HOllieHUIO K TaI<OMY opraHY, KaK KO>l{3, TenJIOperYJIHpYIOW.a51 CPYHK-
UH5I KOTOpOH ueJIHKOM OCHOBaHa Ha .lI.C5ITeJIbHOCTII ee nOTOBblX >Ke.le3
U Ha cnoc06HOCTH ee J.\enOHupOBaTb KpOBb B BCH03HblX cnJleTeHH5IX.
11 TO, H J.\Pyroe Tpe6yeT B KalJeCTBe OCHOBHOro YCJIOBH5I )UfHa:\m'I-
HOCTH KpOBOTOKa If 60JIbllll1X B03MO>KHOCTel1 nepf'Mew.aTb KpOBb TO
B KanHJIJI5IpHOe PYCJIO, TO B BeH03HYI0 ceTb.
l1cCJIeJ.\Y5I apTepHO-BeH03Hble aHaCTOM03bl KO>l{lf, Mbl 06Hapy-
)KHJII1, lJTO OHH pacnOJIO>KeHbl B Heii B HeCKOJIbKO CJIOeB: caMble
rJIy60Ime, coe)lI1H5IIOw.lle OOJIee KpynHble apTepml H BeHbl, Jle>KaT
B nO)lKO)KHOH KJIeTlJaTKe, 3aTeM I1a rpaHHue nO)lKo)lmoii KJIeTlJaTKH
1'1 KO)lm H B COCOlJl<OBOM ee CJIoe. CaMOl' >I,C OCHOBHOC KO.1HlJeCTBO KO>K-
HblX 3pTepHO-BeH03HbIX aHaCTOM030B JIC)lmT Ha ypOBHe KOHueBblX
OT)leJIOB nOTOBblX >I{eJIe3. llpyrHMH Co'IOBal\lII. B apTepHO-BeH03HbIX
aHaCTOM03ax npe)lCTaBJIeH caMbl!i neplIcpepJ-lIlecKHi-'j MeXaHlIlJeCImH
cpaKTOp KpOBOTOKa, 06eCnelJI1B3I0w.uii YCJIOBII5I .lI.Jl5I npaBIIJlblloro
ocyw.eCTBJIeHHfI XHMIflleCKoro 06!\1eHHOrO KpoB006paw.eHH5I.
B CB5I3H C 3TlIM B03HI1KaeT Bonpoc II 0 CYW.1I0CTI1 Tex npoueccoB,
KOTOpblMI1 06eCnelJHBaeTC5I COCT05l11l1e npocBcT3 aHaCTOM03a. KaK H3-
BecTHo, 3JIeMeHTbl HX CTeHIm nOJ1YlJJI.1H Ha3BaHue «3nHTl'JIHOIlJ.\HbIX»
KJIeTOK (lllYMaxep, 1908). O.lI.HaKo HC Bce aBTOphl npUMeH5lI0T 3TOT
TepMHH. KJIeTlm 3TU B .lI.pyrux pa60Tax lIa3blI3310TC5I H MIIoHelfpaJlb-
HblMU 3JIeMeHTaMH (MaccoH), H JIeHOMJlOo.'1aCT3:\lJI (rypMacpTaii, 1932),
H Ha6yxalOw.uMH KJleTK3MU (XaBJllIlJeK, 1929).
HecMoTp51 Ha TO, 'ITO Bce 3BTOpbl COrJI3CHbl C MblWelJHOH npH-
pO.lI.OH 3THX 3JIeMeHTOB, Bce OIlH JIHWmOT 3TII 3J1e:-'IeHTbl OCHOBHoro
npH3HaKa Mblwe'lHoii TKaHH - MHOCPll6pUJlJI, C'IlITa51 HX aqm6pIIJI-
Jl5IpHoii MO.lI.HcpI1KaUl1eii COCY.lI.IICTOI1 MycKyJIaTypbl.
184
O; lIal,\I PIOllflp (Ruyter. 1925). OGCp,1llllf (Oberling, 1927),
ryp:\1mjnaii (1932) 11 Dl'XCP (Becher. 1941) onflCblBalOr B ::mflTCJIflO-
1l,').llblX I\J1CTI,ax \PYI\CIlIIUlpIlJlbHYIO 3CpllilCTOCTb, a HOHflJI.eu. (1942)
C ' I1lT<Jl'T ::ITY 3CpllliCTUCTb Bblpa>l\l'III1CM lpparMeHTaUfIfI Mflocjm6-
pIf.1J1.
Do npe;{.10.ll\CIIlIIO XaBJllJlleKa (1929), nO.D.L\eplliaHHoMY I3eHHIIHf-
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185
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186
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187
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C caMoro MOMCHTa BBe.D,eHI15I 3TI1X TepMHIIOB Ha l JaJlI1Cb JI pa3HOrJl3CHH
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1936; Bucher, 194fi; J1crc, 1948 a, b, c), TO «3nHTCJlHOH.D.Ha 51» (U,IIM-
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HO 3aMbII<aTeJIbHblM MexaHH3MaM npHnHCbIBaeTCH Yllie MbIWC'lllaH
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paCnOJIOllieHHbIX B tunica intima HJlH CnJIOWHbIM CJIOeM, I1J1H Y1.JaCT-
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JIHlOllI.He c060ii KOHI1'leCKHC BbIn5J l llII3a1lHH B npocneT MaTepHHcKoH
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Do cpaBHeHlfIo C K.1anaHHbl:\1l1 CKJIa.D.K3MII, I<OTOpbIe 00.,1a..1a101
1.Jpe3Bbl'laHHbI:\1 MHoro06pa311cM, C{PHHKH'Pbl BC3.D.e nOCTpocHbl O.D.IIHa-
KOBO. Ccj:JI1HI<H'P npe.D.CTaBJIHeT c060ii MbIWe1.JHOe KOJlbUO, BKJIIOLJCI-!-
Hoe B .n.ynJIHK3TYPY BHYTpeHHeii 3JIa2TH l leCKOIf MeMopaHbl, II oOJIa-
188
.n.aeT CnOC06HOCTbi0 npll C130eM COKpaW.CIUIII MCCTHO H3MCH5JTb npo-
CBeT aprepliH H TeM YMCHbWaTb IIJIII yneJlHljHBaTb KpOBOTOK 13 )].aH-
Hoti OOJIaCTlI.
Y lJeJIOBeKa TOlJlIO TaK >Ke MHOrlle aprepl1l1 IIMelOT MeCTHble BI1.l1.0-
113MeHeHI1H 3JIaCTHlJCCKHX 11 MbIWe'IHbIX CJIOeB, KOTOpble MOrYT Me-
HHTb npOCl3eT cocy)].a pa3JIHljHblM IIYTE'M.
K 3TOii }!{e KaTeropll1l IICCJIC.lI.Ol3aHllii OfHOCHTC5I pa60Tbi MHOrHX
aBTOpOB, Onl1CblBalOw.IIX cneUl1aJIbHblC npl1cnoco6.TIellllH .lI.JI5I MO..'l.H-
<pHKaUHH KpOBOTOKa, KOTOpblMH 06JIa.ll.alOT COCY)].bl JICrKOro. XOT5I
HY>KHO CKa3aTh, 'ITO B 06.TIaCTII, KacalOw.ciicH MeCTHblX MexaHI13MOB,
CJIY)J{aw.l1x )].JIH perYJI5JUIIII JIerO'lIIoro KPOBOTOI{a, )].0 CHX nop cw.e
HMeCTC5J MHoro He5IClIoro.
i!a>Ke TBep;J.O YCTaIl013JICHIIbll113 MHoroljHC",leHHbIX IICCJIe.n.OBaHH5IX
(Kuttner 1878; Zuckerkandl, 1883; UnderhilI, 1921; P. ¥I. KOHaw-
KO, 1926; Daly de Burgh, 1937; Vcrloop, 1948; A. B. PblBKHH.lI.,
I 948a, 6, 1949£1, 6) <paKT HaJII1'I115J aIlaCTOM030B Me}K.lI.Y BeTB5JMI1
lerOlJHoti H OpOHXlIaJILIIOif apTepHH He nOJIY'IHJI pa3peWeHH5J cBoero
<PYHKUHOHaJIbHoro 3HalJeHIIH. D.o CHX nop H.D.YT cnopbl 0 TOM,
13 KaK0:\1 HanpaBJICHHII .lI.BH>KeTC5I KpOBb no 3TII:'.! a HaCTO:\f03aM.
P. H. KOHawKo (1926), .lI.OKa3blBa5J, lJTO aHaCTOM03bl Me}!{,'lY cocY-
)].a1\111 JIerKOrO a prepllaJIH3HpYIOT KpOBL 11 nOBblwalOT ;J.aBJIeHHe
13 : MaJICM Kpyry, TeM caMbiM ClJlITaCT, 'ITO TOK KpOBII 13 3TI1X aHaCTO-
M03ax cTporo O.ll.HOCTOpoHeH - H3 BeTBeii a. bronchialis B BeTBI1 a.
pulmonalis, TCM 6oJIec, ljTO .lI.aBJICHHe 13 6pOHXlIaJIbHOif apTepl1H
B 5 - 6 pa3 Bblwe, ljCM 13 JIero'lHoiL K 3TOMY B3rJI5J.lI.Y npl1coe,'ll1-
HHeTCH 11 D.eJII1 .lI.e Bepr (1937).
A. B. PbIBKHII.D. (1948a, 6, 1949a, 6) pacwllpHeT 06JIaCTb Me}!{-
cOCY.lI.lICTblX CB5J3eH JICrKOrO HaJlHlJHeM apTepIlo-BeH03HblX aHaCTO-
M030B Me}!{.il.Y CHCTer.taMI1 6pOHXIIaJIbHOH H JIero'lHofl apTepHI1 H
cHcTeMoii JIerO'lHOH BeHbl 11 .lI.aeT CBOIO CJIO}!{HYIO cxeMY Y'laCTHH 3THX
3HaCTOM030B 13 pa3Hbix CJIYlJaHX pacCTpoHcTB JIerOlJHOrO KpOBo06-
paw.eHHH.
Bo B3rJIH)].ax aBTopoB na CTPYKTYPY Me}!{CocY.lI.IICTbIX aHaCTOMO-
3013 JIerKoro, Ha060pOT, cyw.eCTByeT nOJIHOe COrJIaCHe. Hal160JIee
I1ClJepnblBalow.ee OnHCaHl1e CTpOCHHH 3TlIX aHaCTOM030B I1MeeTC5J
y BepJIoona (1948) II Y A. B. PbIBKHH.D.a (1949a, 6). Do HX .D.aHHbIM,
OCIIOBHOH ocooellIlocTblO aHaCTOMOTHlJeCKOrO cocY.lI.a 5JBJI5JeTC5I CHJIb-
Hoe pa3B11Tlle 13 ero I3IIYTPCIIHeii 060JIOlJKe npOJl,OJIbHO pacnOJIO}!{eH-
HblX rJ:Ja.ll.KIIX MblWU, )].eJIaJow.IIx tunica intima 13 .lI.Ba H OOJIbWe pa3a
TO.lw.e, 'I eM tunica media.
B JIerOlJHblX cocY,J,ax onHcaHbl TaK)I{C MlIoro'IIICJIeHHble .lI.1I<pe-
peHUIIpoBKH CTelIOK, npel3paw.alow.IIX 3TH COCY.D.bl 13 CneLUiaJIbHblC
3aMbiKaTeJIbHOrO TlIna apTcpll1l H BeHbl (Mautner u. Pick, 1929;
l\\erkel, 1949; BepJIoon, 1948; A. B. PbIBKI1H;J., 1948a, 6, 1949a,
6, 1952).
Cl a Obi:'.! MeCTO:\1 KOIluenUHH KaK 06 apTepllo-l3eH03HblX aHaCTO-
M03ax JIerIwro, TaK 11 06 ero CneUHaJIbHblX 3amipareJIhHbiX apTenl1HX
II BeHax 5JI3JI5JCTC5J cpaBHHTCJILHa5I HeMIIOrO'IHCJIeHIIOCTb lIaoJIlo.ll.e-
189
HI1H, OC06eHHO 3KCnepl1MeHTaJIbHbIX, II HaJIJ1lIHe )J,OBOJIbHO 60JIbillOro-
KOJIJ1l1eCTBa pa60T, 13 KOTOpbIX COCY)J,bI, npl1HHMaeMble CTOpOHlIHKaMI1
HaJIl1lJl151 13 JIerKOM cnel\l1aJIbHbIX npnCnOC06JIeHl1l,j )J,JI5I perYJIHpO-
BaHH5I KpOBOTOKa 3a aHaCTOMOTl1lJeCKHe KaHaJIbl, TpaKTYIOTC5I KaK
naTOJIOrHlJeCKH 113MeHeHHble 06bllJHble JIerOlJHble COCY)J,bl. JhiTepaTypa
no 3TOMY Bonpocy npl1Be)J,eHa 13 pa60Tax A. B. PbIBKIIH)J,a (1949a,
6) H BepJIoona (1948).
CTpaHHbIM 06pa30M HI1KTO H3 HCCJIe)J,oBaTeJIeH perYJIHpYIOm.HX
npl1cnOC06JIeHHH JIerOlJHbIX COCY)J,OB He ynOMI1HaeT 06 «3nHTeJIHOH)J,-
HOH» MO)J,H<pI1Kal\HI1 HX rJIa)J,KOMblillelJHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB. OTCYTCTBYIOT
13 JIHTepaType H YKa3aHI151 OTHOCHTeJIbHO I1HHepBal\111I a HaCTOMO-
3013 COCY)J,OB MaJIOrO Kpyra.
D03TOMY HY}j{HO npl13HaTb, lJTO, HeCMOTp51 Ha TeOpeTl1lJeCKYJO
Bep05lTHOCTb 11 .lI.a}j{e 06513aTeJIbHOCTb OC06bIX MexaHH3MOB, 06ecne-
lJHBaIOm.I1X cnel\I1<pIIKY JlerOlJHoro KpOBOTOKa, I1CCJIe)J,OBaHI1SJ 3TI1X
MexaHH3MOB HaXO)J,HTC5I em.e Ha caMOM HalJaJIbHOM 3Tane CBoero pa3-
BI1THH 11 HY)K)J,aIOTCH 13 Ha6JIIO.lI.eHHHX II 3KCnepl1MeHTax.
B JIHTepaType I1MeeTCH 3HalJHTeJIbI-JOe KOJIl1lJeCTBO pa60T, no-
CB5Im.eHHbIX H3YlJeHI1IO perYJIHTOpHbIX MexaHH3MOB COCY.lI.I1CTOH CH-
CTeMbI opraHOB nHm.eBapl1TeJIbHOrO TpaKTa.
TaK, MaYTHep 11 DHK (1929) OnHCaJII1 oc06ble 3amlpaTeJIbHble
npl1cnOC06JIeHI151 13 nelJCHOlJHblX BeHax. 3TH onHCallH5I nOJIYlJHJIH
nO.lI.TBep}j{.n.enl1e 13 pa60Tax 3JIJIHaCa II CPeJlJlepa (Ellias u. Feller,
1931),06HapY}j{I1BillI1X cnel\I1aJIbHbIC C{JmHKTepo06pa3Hble CTPYKTypb!
13 MeCTax Bna.n.eHI151 60JIee MeJIKI1X BeTBei,j ne'lcIIolJI-!oi,j BCHb! 13 60JIee
KpynHb!e 11 13 MeCTe Bna.n.eHl15l ee caMoH 13 HlDKIIIOIO nOJIYIO
BeHY.
He.n.aBHo Bonpoc 0 CTpoeHlIll nelJeHOlJHOH BeHbl nepeCMOTpCJI
E. B. KOJInaKOB (1940a, 6, 1949). OH 06HapY}j{HJI, lJTO Y ueJlOro
pH.n.a LKIIBOTHbIX MOll Hble WJII03013ble annapaTbI, nOCTpoeHHble H3
CI1CTCMbI KOJIbueBbIX 11 CnIlpaJlbllbIX BaJIlIKOB, pacnOJIaraIOTC5I 13 ee
HaH60JIee Kpym-lbIX BeTB5IX.
3JIJII1ac H 13eHreJIbC.n.op<p (Bengelsdorf, 1951) MCTO.n.OM CTeI<JI5IH-
HOll peKoHcTpYKUHH YCTaHOBHJlH HaJlHlJIIe 60JlbillOrO KOJIIIlJeCTBa
pa3Ho06pa3Hblx npHcnoc06J1eHHii 13 nClleIlOlJI-Ioti BCHe KOCTHCTbIX
pbI6. OKa3bIBaeTcH, .n.3)Ke ueHTpaJIbHa51 Bella 13 .n.O.'lbI<e cIIa6)!,eHa
no.n.KOBo06pa3HbIMH H KpyroBbIMH c<pHHKTepaMII, pacnOJlo)!<eu-
HbIMII y ee OCHOBaI-lHH. DO.n..n.OJlbKOBble II c0611paTCJIbHble BeHbl 06-
JIa.n.aIOT ew.e 60JIbWIIM KOJlJ1lIeCTBOM CnCUIIaJlbHO YCTPOCHHbIX 11
CneUIlaJIbHO pacnOJIo}j{eIlHblx Mb!WelJllbIX CTPYKTYP, n03BOJl5II0W.I1X
3TI1M CTpYKTypaM H3MeH5ITb npocBeT cocy.n.OB II TeM .n.eiicTBOBaTb 1Ia
KpOBOTOK 13 .n.OJlbKe (Varicak, 1952).
KpoMe nelJell II , Bel-l03nblU: ann3paT HCCJIe.n.OB31l B no.n.CJIH3HCTOH
060JIOlJKe KHWClJHHKa, BopoTax JIHM<p3THlJeCKHX }«eJIe3, CJlH3HCTOH
060JIO'IK{' HOC3, M3TKe, SJi'lucBo.n.ax, KO}({e, W.HTOBH.n.HOii }j{eJIe3e,
M03rOBOM Bem.eCTBe Ha.n.nO'le'IIIHKa, KaBepH03HbIX TCJIaX H nynoBI1He.
Bo Bcex 3THX opraHax 13 MeJlKIIX BeHax 06HapY}j{{'1I0 HJllIlJCpe.n.oBaHl1e
c<pHHKTepoB H3 l\HPKYJI5IpHO pacnOJIo}j{eHHblx rJIa)J,KHX Mb!IlIU H 6e3-
190
MbIWei.JHbIX Y'JaCTKOB, llJIlI ocoGo YCTpOeHHble npO.D.0,1bHOMbIWClJHble
3anHpaTeJIbHble MeXaJ1H3MbI.
B pa60Te <Pocca (Voss, 1951) T3KHe npO.D.OJIbHO pacnOJIO)!{eHHble
3anHpaTeJIbHble MexaHH3Mbl orUIcalIbl B MeJlIUlX apTepHfIx B CJlH3H-
CTOH oGo.'IO'lKe nOJIOCTH pT3, B nlIIlJ,CBO.D.C, nO.D.'bfI3bl ' IJ-IOH CJlIOHHOH
)!{eJle3e, cnlIHHoM03roBblX Y3J13X, nllJlolJl\OBoii )!{eJle3e H nmo<pH3e.
He.D.3BHO 1 I. A. KonpoMoB (1949) OnllCaJI KJlan3Hbl B MCJlKHX
BeHax (0,01 MM B .D.U3MCTpC'), lITO BCKope 6blJlO nO.D.TBCp)!{.D.eHO llhay-
6e3aH;I,OM H [elIwoy (HJJ2). lllYI\I ICp (Schurnrner, 1951) BII)J,eJl 3a-
nHpaTeJlbI-lblC BCHbl B KonblTe JIOW3.D.H.
33nHp3TCJlbHble MeX3m13MbI, corJJacllo HaGJIIO.D.eHIIHM 60JlbWHH-
CTBa IICCJle)J,oBaTeJleii, pacnOJIaraJoTcH B 60Jlee MeJlKHX cocY.D.ax
opraHoB. O.D.HaKO UMf'IOTC51 YK333HII5I, lJTO B KopoHapHblx apTepH5IX
OHH HaXO.D.51TCfI II B GOJlee KpynHblx apTCpUaJILHblX BeTB5IX (Zink,
1940; C. n. HJlLHHCKHH, 1951).
B CB5I3H co BceM H3J10)!{CIIHbl:\1 IIHTepecHo BcnOMHHTL, lJTO
H. M. LLOreJlb B CBOCM orpoMlloM H HClJepnblBalOllJ.eM TPY.D.e
(1903-1904) no CpamlllTCJlLHOI1 3IIaTOMHH, <pH3HOJlOflIH H <papMa-
KO.10rHH KpoBeHocllblX II .1HM<p3nllJeCKHX cocY.D.oB y)!{e rOBOpHJI,
lJTO rJla.D.KOMbIWClJHble 3J1eMeHTLI B CTelIKe cocY.D.OB pacnOJlO)!{eHbl
He no oGw.eMY CTaHJIapTHOMY nJIaHY, a cooGpa3Ho C reMO.D.HHaMHlJe-
CKIIMH oco6eHHOCTHMII, B KOTOpblX 3TOT COCY.D. HaXO.D.HTC5I.
I3oJlbwoii IIHTepeC .D.JlH PCWCHIIH nOCT3BJIeHHbiX B HaCT05lllJ.eH
rJlaBC BonpOCOB IIMCIOT pa601bl T. H. Pa.D.OCTHHOii (1952, 1953).
3aHHM351cb Bonpoc3MH BHYTpHopr3HIIoro KpoBoToKa, OHa 06Hapy-
>KHJl3, lJTO B 6pwKeiiKe CBHHbll Ha paCCT05IHUH 10 - 15 CM 01' KpaH
TOllJ.ei! I{IIWKH T5IIIf'TC5I B.D.OJlb nec B3J1IIK, nocTpoeHHblH H3 aHaCTO-
\103UPYIOW.HX MelK.D.Y c060i! 3pTepl1aJlbHblX U TaJOKe aHaCTOM03H-
PYIOIlJ.HX Melli..],Y coGoii BeH0311blX cocY.D.OB. ApTepHaJlbHYIO KpOBb
KIIWK3 nOJlY'JacT U3 3Toro B3J1UKa. B Hero )!{C Bna.D.alOT H ee BeH03-
Hble COCV.D.bI.
ApTepuu BaJlIlIW CH36}1{eHbl BJIalOllJ.lIMHCH B HX npocBeT BblpO-
CTal\1H, COCT05lllJ.IIMI1 113 nOKpblTblX BHYTpelIlle i 060JlO'lKOH apTeplllJ
«3mneJlIIOH.D.I1bl\:» IIJIH Mb!IlIClJIIbIX KJlf'TOK. 3n! Bn5JlIIIBaHHH MorYT
33KpbIB3Tb nOJlHOCTLIO npOCBCT T3I<oii apTCplIU.
TOHKOCTeHHblC' BeHbl B3J1UK3 J\1eCT3MII cHa6}){eHbl MOllJ.HbIM Mb!-
rnC'lHbl\1 CJlOeM, KOTOpblii MO}),CT B cJI T[tae Hc06xoJJ,HMOCTH C.D.eJlaTb
HenpOXO.D.I1Mbl\1 ;J.3HHblii Y'laCTOK BeHbl.
COBoKynHocTb 3TIIX 06pa30BaHIIII npil COBJ\1CCTHOM .D.eHCTBHH
MO)!{eT 06ccnC'IIITb, - nO.D.lfepKIlB3eT T. H. PaJI,OCTHHa, - YBeJlUlJeH-
Hoe l{pOBeHanOJlHeHIIC ,1]1060ro OTpC3Ka T()llJ.ei! KHWKII.
Kpmle Toro, MC}),,'lY apTf'pll5lMII U BeI-l3\lII B3J1I1Ka pacnOJlo)!{f'Hbl
apTepHO-BeH03HblC' allaCTOM03bl, ellJ.f' OOJIJ,we paCWUp5l1OllJ.UC B03-
MO>KHOCTlJ perYJlllpOB3nH5I KpOBOTOIW B KIIWKe.
Do CYllJ.eCTBY B 3TOii pa60Te T. H. P3.D.OCTlIHOii HaWeJI ceoe 06'b-
fICHelIue H TOT <p3KT, '11'0 KpOBb BopOTIJOii BCHbl B nepHO.D., KOr.D.a
B KlIwelflIlIKC He npOIlCXO.D.IIT IIUllJ.CBapl'II1IH, 60r3Ta KIICJlOpO.D.OM H
HaXO.D.HTC5I no;J. BblCOImM .D.3B.1]CHlleM. BK,110'leHHe B CHCTeMY KHU;elJ-
191
HOll UI1PKYJlHUIUI MeXaHII3MOB B BlI,'I.e KIIWClJlIOrO Ba.lllKa cnoc06cT-
BYCT HanpaBJleHIlIO KpOBIl He B KIIWKY, KO"ropml B allllblii 1I10:\lellT
B 60JlbWIIX KOJlHlJeCTBaX KpOBIl He HY}J,;,rweTC5I, a B nello3110e pyc.TJO,
MlmYH l<anIlJIJJHpbl. ECTeCTUCHHO, B 3TOrv; c:IYlJac BopOTHaH BClIa
6Y CT CO,'l.epiK3Tb 60raTYIO KHCJIOpO,'l.OM KpOl3b no al3.TJCIIHe:\I,
6JIH3KIIM K aB.neHmo B 6pbliKeC'IHoii apTcpllll.
Ew.e 60,lee Ba}J{HbI YKa3aHHH T. H. Pa,'.J,OCTIlHOh 113 IlII11CpBaUIlIO
COCy,n:OB KIIWClJlIOrO naJlIIKa. COOTI3CTCTBYIOw.lIe 3KCnepmlE'IITbl
aJlH T. H. Pa,ll,OCTHIlOii B03MO;.]{IJOCTh 06I1apY}J{jlTb OUIlJlhllYIO lJYB-
CTBHTeJJbllYIO H ,n:BHraTe.1LHYIO IlIlHepBaWllO Bcera C()LY.J.llCToro
PycJla KHWelJHOrO BaJlHKa. T. H. PaJ],OCTl1lIa OTMelJaeT nOBCl'\lt'CT-
HOCTb peUenTopOB - OHII paCnOJlmKCHbl II B CTeHKax apTcpllli II BeH,
11 B CTCHKax aHaCTOM030B Me}J{,'lY HHMII, II B Coc,n:IlIHITe.lbIlOTKaIlHbIX
npOCJlOllKaX Me}J{J],Y COCY TJ.aMIL 01111 paCllOJlO}J{CHbl J],a}J{e H BO BJ],3IO-
w.HXCR B npOCBeT apTepUIl rJla,'l.KOMbIWClJHbIX I1J1H 3nIITe. 1 JIIOII!l,HO-
KJleTOlJHblX no,n:YWKax. L!.BllraTeJlLHbIP llepBbl COCy,n:OB Ba.1HKa npeJ.-
CTaBJlHIOT c060il nOCTraHrJlIIOHapHblC BOJlOKHa CII\1naTlIlJeCKIIX
Y3JJOB. PacnpOCTpalIeUIlC IIX OrpaHHlJCHO MblWellHblMH 3J1eMeHTaMH,
Ha KOTOpblX OHH nOI3CeMeCTlIO 13 BaJlHKe H 06I1apY}J{eHbl.
Pe3IOMHPYH J],aHHbIC, npllBe,n:eHllblC B HaCT05lw.cii r.laBe, HY}J{HO
CKa3aTb, lJTO MarHCTpaJlbHblC COCY!I,bl opraHOB 06J1aJ.aIOT 60JlbWHM
KOJIl1lJeCTBOM pa3Ho06pa3HblX npHcnoc06.11eHIlIi, Jle>l<aw.HX B OCHOBe
IiX cnoco6HOCTH 06CCnelJHBaTb ueJleCOOopa3HYI0 113 1elIlJHBOCTb
opraHHoro KpOBOTOKa.
3TH MexaHH3Mbl, HalJHHaH OT npOCToro CtlmHKTepa Y MeCTa OT-
XO}J{J],eHHH KanHJlJ1Hpa OT apTepHH HJ1H Y MeCTa Bna,n:eHIIH era B BeHY
H KOHlJaH apTepHO-BeH03Hbl m aHaCTOM03a:\1II, C03JJ.aIOT B l,a}J{l\.OM
opraHe 11 B Ka}J{J],blll ,n:aHHblfl MOMeHT TY OTHOCIiTe.lJbHYIO He3aBIICH-
MOCTb opraHHoro KpOBOTOKa OT 06w.ero KpOB006paw.eHHH H TY cno-
C06HOCTb ueJleC006pa3HO MeHHTb B Ka}J{J],blrl J],aHHblii MOMeHT KanHJI-
JIHpHOe J],aB.lleHHe, KOTopble He06xo.'1l1l1lbl, lJT06hT opraH B COCTaBe
ueJlOCTHOro opraHH3Ma BbIllOJIII5IJI CBOH cnCUlICplllJeClme 3a.'].alJlI.
KaK H Be3J],e B opraHH3Me, pery.lJllpOBaHHe opraHHoro KpOBO-
o6paw.emm 06eCnelJlIBaeTC5I 6J1ara,n:apH I1HHepBaUHH Tex MeXaHI13-
MOB, KOTOpblMH OHO nOJlh3yeTCH.
KaK Bli HO H3 113J10}J{eHHoro, 3TH MexaHH3!vlbl BKJlIOlJeHbl B CH-
CTeMY HepBHblX perYJlHUHii Te:\1, lITO cHa6iKeHbl lJYBCTBIITeJlbHblMIl
11 BIIraTeJlbHbIMIl lIepBHLI:\1H npll60pa:\1I1. 061ua51 33KOHO:\1epHOCTb
HilHepBaUHOHHblX OTHOWCHHii cocYJ],IICToii OiCTeMbI Bblpa}J{elIa II
3J],eCb: lJYBcT1311TeJlbHble npH60pLI pacnOJlO}KellbI BO Bcex TKaHeBblX
KOMnOHeHTax 3THX MexaHH3MOB, }lBl1raTe.JTbHble - npIlypOlJeHbl
TOJlbKO K I1X lblwellHbl 1 3J1e\leIlTa 1.
r JI a 13 a VI
o nAPArAHrJHHIX 11 rJlOMYCAX
HaCT05lw.a51 rJIaBa HMeeT ueJIblO Ha OCHOBe C06CTI3eHHbIX H JIH-
repaTypHblX L\aHHbIX pa306paTb H oueHHTb MopcpOJIOmqeCKOe
3HaqeHHe opraHOB, pOJIb KOTOpbIX 13 COBpeMeHHbIX B033peHH5IX
Ha cnoc06HOCTb HepBHOH CHCTeMbI BocnpHHHMC:1Tb pa3)J:pameHH5I,
I1CXO.ll.51w.He OT COCY.lI.OB, CB5I3bIBaeTC5I co CneUHaJIbHOH peuenUHeH
KaqeCTBeHHoro COCTal3a KpOBH.
KaK H3BeCTHO, Bonpoc 0 npH60pax XI1Ml1qeCKOH qYBCTBHTeJlb-
HOCTH 13 COCY.lI.HCTOH CTeHKe npHHaJI.JlemHT K qHCJIY HaH60JIee 3anYTaH-
HbIX H, no CYTll .lI.eJIa, HepeweHHblX BonpOCOB.
CyruecTBYIOIUl1e npe.ll.CTaBJIeHH51 0 cocpe.uom4eHHH xeMopeuen-
TOpOB )J:JI5I Bcell I\pOBeHOCHOH CHCTCMbl 13 TaK Ha3bIBaeMblX aOpTaJIb-
HbIX H KapOTll.l1.HblX rJIOMycax OCHOBaHbl Ha OrpaHllqeHHOM
KOJIlI4eCTBe cpaKTOB Ii .lI.O CHX nop He 51BJI5IIOTC5I o6u enpH3HaHHbIMI1.
MHOrO'lllCJIeHHbIe }((e Ha6JIIO.ll.eHH5I, He YKJIa)J:bIBalOw.HeC5I 13 KOHuen-
UHIO 0 CneUHaJIbHblX opraHax-xeMopeuenTopax KpOBH (<<rJIOMycax»),
He 0606w.eHbl H He npOTl1BOnOCTaBJIeHbI :JTOH KOHuenUHH.
CaM TepMI1H «rJlOMYC» JIlfWeH MopqJOJIOmqeCKoro H qJH3HOJIOrH-
qeCKOrO cO)J:ep}l{aHII5I. C O.ll.HOH CTOpOHbl, TO, '1m HOCHT Ha3BaHHe
«fJIOMYC», Ha3bIBaeTC5I O)J:HOBpeMeHlm H raHrJIHeM, H naparaHrJIHeM,
II }l{eJle30H, H Y3eJIKOM, H npoCTO TeJIOM (HanpI1Mep, KapOTH.lI.HblU
fJIOMYC, KapOTH.lI.HblH ranrJIHH, l<apOTlf.ll.HblH naparaHrJIH1I, KapOTH.lI.-
Ha51 meJle3a, KapOTH.lI.Hblil Y3eJlOK, KapOTH.lI.Hoe TeJIo). 3m me OTHO-
CHTC5I H K aOpTaJIbHoMY «rJIOMYcy». C .lI.pyroll cmpoHbl, 3THM me Tep-
MliHOM «rJIOMYC» 0603HaqalOT H apTepHO-BeH03Hble aHaCTOM03bI E
Kome (Masson, 1937), H CKOnJIeHH5I HX 13 .lI.pymx qaCT5IX opraHH3-
Ma, HanpHMep, glomus coccygeurn (WYMaxep, 1908).
B BblWe.ll.WeH 13 1945 r. MOImrpacpulf A. A. CMHpIloBa «KapoHI)J:-
lIaR pecpJIeKCOreHHa51 30Ha» 13 .lI.OCTaTOlIHlAi Mepe nO.ll.p06HO oCBew.eHa
Ta nYTaHHua 130 B3rJI5I.lI.aX, KOTOpa51 cyw.ecTByeT .lI.o CIIX nop no OT-
HoweHHIO K CPYHKlI.HoHaJIbHOMY 3H, a'lelUlIO CTpOeHl11O 11 pa3BHTHIO
MaJIeHbKOro 06pa30BaHH5I, pacnoJIomeHlmro B pa3BHJIKe KapoTH)J: H
HOC5Iw.ero CTOJIb MHoro Ha3BaHHiL Cpe.ll.lf KOTOpbIX lIaH60JIbWee pac-
npoCTpaHeHHe nOJIyqaeT Ha3BaHHe «glomus caroticum».
He MeHee, a .lI.ame, nO}l{aJIYu, 60JIee 3any rallHbIM 51BJIReTC5I Bonpor
H 0 naparaHfJIH5Ix. OonblTKa fYPMacpTa51 (1935) pa3.l1.eJlliTb HX Ha
! 3 T _ A. rpHropbcna
193
. ,
,v
xpOMacpcpHHI-IbIl' (CHMn3TJI'leCKHe), Hl'XpoMaC)XlJHIII-Ible (BaraJIbHble
H 'lYBCTBHTl'JIbHbll', paBHO l\aK H npeJI.JIO)j{l'HHe lllYMaxepa (1938)
BbI.neJIHTb cpe,n:H HHX xpoMaej)(lmHHble, HexpoMacp<pHHHble H CMernaH-
I-IbIe, He Bbl,n:ep)j{HBaIOT KPHTHIU1, TaK KaK I:\ HHX He yqTeHbl Bce CBe-
JI.eHH5I, HMeIOllLI1eC5I B 06UlHpHOH JIl1TepaType 0 naparaHrJIH5IX 'leJIO-
BeKa H >KHBOTHbIX. OOnbITKa lllYMaxepa H.neHTH<pH:.J,HP0BaTb KJIeTKII
HexpOMa<p<pHHHbIX (no ero TepMHHOJIOrHH) naparaHrJIlieB C Mblrne'l-
HblMH 3nHTeJIH0I1,n:HbIMH KJIeTKaMH apTepHO-BeH03HbIX aHaCTOM030B,
a caMIi 3TH naparaHrJIl1H npH'lHCJIHTb K 3pTepHO-BeH03HbIM aH3CTOMO-
S3M, '5y,n:"'O fih! BbIJeJI5IJOUJ.l1M aueTHJIXOJIIIl{ J-I.TII1 :J.PyrHl' 3HTarOHHCTH-
'IeCKHt' a.npeHaJIHHY BeUJ.eCTBa, paBHblM 06pa30M npOTHRope4HT
BceMY Xo,n:y H CJIe.nOBaHHH B 06JIaCTH H naparaHrJIHeB, H apTepHO-
BeH03HblX 3HaCTOM030B.
fYJJMac!nai1, KaK 6y.neT nOKa3aHO HH)I{e, He Y'lHTbIB3eT qJYHKl.J.HO-
H3JIbHOH .nHHaMHKH naparaHrJIHOHapHOH KJIeTKH. lllYMaxep no-
BTOp5IeT ornH6KY fypMaqrrafi Ii ycyry6JIfieT ee HeBepHblMH npe.nCTaB-
JIEHHflMH 0 pOJIH apTepHO-BeH03HbIX aHaCTOM030B.
HaH60JIee CYllLeCTBeHHblMH BonpocaMH, KOTopbIe B03HHKaIOT ne-
peJI. K3)1{.nbIM, CTpeM5IllLHMC5I pa306paTbCfI B 3TOH CJIO)l{HOH 06JIaCTH.
flBJlflIOTCfI CJIe.nYIOllLHe:
1. 4TO xapaK1'epH3yeT CHCTeMY naparaHrJIHeB, KaK aHaTOMHqe-
CKYIO CYllLHOCTb.
2. ECTb JIH J1aUHOHaJIbHble OCHOBaHHfI o60co6JIflTb CneUHaJIbHYIO
clicTeMY rJIOMycoB.
3. 41'0 flBJIfleTC5I MOp<pOJIOrHlleCKHM KpHTepHeM .nJIfi CY)I{.neHHfI
o <PYHKuHOHaJIbHOM 3Ha'lemm 3THX CHCTeM.
Ha'laJIo H3Y'leHHIO OC06blX opraHoB, KOTopble BnOCJIe.nCTBHH
L nOJIY'lHJIH Ha3BaHHe naparaHrJIHeB, nOJIO)l{eHO B. A. EeuoM (1864).
OH nepBblH 06HapY)I{HJI, 'lTO MosrOBoe BellLeCTBO Ha.nnO'le'lHHKa,
6YJI.Y'lH no.nBepmyTO .neHc1'BHIO paCTBopa .nBYXPOMOBOKHCJIOro K3-
JIHfI, npH06peTaeT xapaK1'epHblH TeMHOKOpH'lHeBbIH UBeT. B. A. Eeu
06paTHJI 1'aK)I{e BHHMaHHe H Ha TO, '11'0 npH nOMOIIJ,H KHCTO'1KH MO)l{HO
y.naJIllTb H3 TOHKHX cpe30B Ha.nnO'1e'1HHKOBOH M5IKOTH 6ypoe co.nep-
)l{HMOe, 1'. e. npe..1cKa3aJI rpaHYJI5IpHYIO npHpo.ny BellLeC1'Ba, 6ypeIO-
llLero C1' XpOMOBOH COJIH. OO.nBO.n5I HTOr JIHTepaTypHblM H CBOHM Ha-
6JIIO.neHHflM, B. A. Eeu YKa3aJI H Ha H306HJIHe HepBoB B MO roBOM
BellJ.l'CTBe Ha,n:nO'le'lHHKa.
PeaKUHfi Eeua JIerJIa B OCHOBY o.nHoro 113 caMblX pacnpOCTpaHeH-
HblX Me1'o.nOB )J,.JJfI 06HapY)I{eHI1SI 11 l1.neH1'I1<plIKaUI1Ii 31'HX cBoe06pa3-
I-IblX opraHOB H 6bIJIa HCnOJIb30naHa B pa60Tax MHOrO'lHC::eHHbIX
HCCJIe.nOBaTeJI ii B "Hoil 06JIaCTH.
B .naJIbHei1rneM TeMHOKOpH'1HeBOe OKparnHBaHHe 3JIeMeHTOB M03-
reBoro BellJ.eCTBa Ha.nn04e'1HHKa 01' ,n:elICTBlI5I paCTBopOB XpOMOBblX
cOJIeil Hel13MeHHO no.nTBep)l{.naJIOCb BceMH aBTOpaMH (Henle, 1865:
A. )1oCToeBcKHH, 1884; Stilling, 1890; Pilliet, 1891; BH3eJIb, 1902).
O,n:HonpeMeHHo 06HapY)j{I1JIOCb, '11'0 TeMHelOllLHe 01' XpOMOBOii
COJIH KJIeTKH pacnOJIaraIOTC5I He 1'OJIbKO B M03roBOM Bern.eCTBe Ha.n-
nO'1e'1H11Ka, HO H B .nPyrHx Y'1aCTKaX 3a6pIOlUHHHOro npoCTpaHcTBa.
194
A. )Joc1'oeBcKHfI (1886) oUHapY>KHJI HX B 60JIbillOM CHMnaTH'IeCKOM
Y3ne B6JIH3H Ha.nnO'Ie'IHHKa, OHlle (1891) H IllTHJIJIHHr (1890) -
B COJIHe'IHOM CnJIeTeHl1H. BH3eJIb (1902) B no.nP06HOM HCCJIe-
;J.OBaHHH YKa3bIBaeT, 'ITO 1'aKHe >Ke KJIeTKH JIe>KaT He TOJIbKO
B6JIH31i Y3JIOB cHMna1'H'IeCKOH uenO'IKH, HO H BC1'ynaJo1' B TecHYIO
CBfl3b C apTepH5IMH peTponepHTOHeaJIbHOH 06JIacTH - C aopTOH H
ee BeTB5IMH K nO'IK3M, Ha.nnO'Ie'IHHKaM H nonOBbIM opraHaM. B aopTe
OHH JIe>KaT B tunica adventitia, HHor.na npOHHKafi .no tunica media,
'IaCTO cOnpOBO>K.nacMble MaJIeHbKHMH CHMnaTH'IeCKHMH Y3eJlKaMH.
Y BH3eJ1f1 HMelOTCfI nepBble YKa3aHHfI Ha TO, 'ITO rpynnbI 6ypelOrn.HX
OT xpOMa KJIe1'OK npOHHKalOT BMeCTe C apTepHaJIbHblMH BeTBflMH H
B napeHXHMY nO'IKH. <})pH.nn5lH.n (Friedland, 1895) H Alllcxpcp
(Aschoff, 1903) 06HapY>KHJIH HX B ceMflBbIHOCflrn.HX nYTflx (npHBe.neHo
no 5aKalO, 1938).
Oc06eHHo MHOro BHHM aHH5I HCCJIe.nOBaHHIO )TOH HOBOH TKaHe-
BOH CHCTeMbl y.neJIfiJI B CBOHX pa601'ax KOH (Kohn, 1899, 1900,
1902, 1903). EMY npHHa)J)Ie>KHT TepMHH «xpoMacpcpHHHbIe KJleTKH»,
npe.nJIO>KeHHblll .nJIfi 0603Ha'IeHli51 KJleTOK, .nalOrn.HX peaKlI.HIO C xpo-
MOBblMH COJI5IMH. H XOTfi ern.e paHbwe lllTHJIJlHHroM (1892) 6blJIO
npc.nJlO>KeHO .nJIfi HHX Ha3BaHHe «XpOMOcpHJIbHble KJIeTKH», B HaYKe
3aKpenHJICfI TepMHH KOHa. H cel1'Iac Bce nOHHMalOT no.n Ha3BaHHeM
«xpoMaq;qJHHHble ){JIeTKH» TKaHeBYIO CHCTeMY, THnH'IHO npe.nCTaBJIeH-
HYIO B BH.ne M03roBOro Bern.eCTBa Ha.nnO'Ie'IHHKa, HO pacnpocTpa-
HfllOlllYIOCfI H B .nPYrHe OT.neJIbI opraHH3Ma. CneuHcpH'IeCKHe 3JIeMeHTbI
noH TKaHH H36HpaTeJIbHO pearHpYIOT BceMH OTTeHKaMH KopF<meBoro
oKpaWHBaHH5I Ha .neHcTBHe paCToopOB XpOMOBblX cOJIeH.
KOH no.nTBep.nHJI Bce c.neJIaHHble .no Hero Ha6JIIO.neHHS\ 01'HOCH-
TeJIbHO xpoMaq'cpHHHOC1'H M03roBoro Bern.eCTBa Ha.nnO'Ie'IHHKOB H Ha-
JIH'IH5I xpOMaq:qJHHHbIX KJIeTOK B Ka'IeCTBe THnH'IHOrO H nOCTOflHHOro
3JIeMeHTa CHMnaTll'IeCKHX Y3JIOB. KpoMe Toro, OH OnHCaJI nOflBJIe-
HHe B Te'IeHHe 3M6pHOHaJIbHOrO pa3BHTHfi 'IeJIOBeKa H >KHB01'HbIX 60JIb-
woro BblTflHYTOro B.nOJIb BeH1'paJIbHOll nOBepXHOCTH 6plOWHOH aopTbi
1'eJIa, nOCTpoeHHoro H3 XpOM8q'cpHHHbIX KJIeTOK, Ha Bcex 31'anax
CBoero pa3BHTllfi CI3f13aHHOro C CHMnaTH'IeCKHMH Y3JIaMH HH>KHe-
rpy.nHoli H n05lCHH'IHOll 06JIaCTH H paClllenJI5I1Orn.erOCfl BnOCJIe.nCTBHH
Ha npOKCHMaJIbHYIO H .nHl:TaJIbHYIO 'IaCTb. KOH >Ke npOCJIe.nHJI cy.nb6y
3Toro TeJIa )' 3M6pHOHa H B Te<leHHe nepBblX JIe1 >KH3HH 'IeJlOBeKa.
B 3TO >Ke npH6JIH3HTeJIbHO BpeM5I U.YKepKaH.nJIb (Zucker
kandl, 190 I) OnHCaJI B 3a6plOwHHHOM npocTpaHcTBe 'IeJIOBeKa
aHaJICirH'IHLle 06pa..;oBaHHfI, Ha3BaHHble HM «.n06aBO'IHble opraHBI
cHMnaTHKyca», pacnOJIO>KeHllble no 60KaM 01' Bblxo.na a. mesenterica
superior Ii nOC"IpOeHHble H3 XpOMa( cpHHHbIX KJIe1'OK.
B 31'01' >Ke nepHO.n 6bIJIH c.neJIaHbl H nepBble Ha6JIIO.neHllfi OTHOCH-
1'eJIbHO TOHKoli CTPYKTypbl HOBOll TKaHCBOH CHCTeMbI. Bce aB1'opbl
OTMe'IaJIH, 'ITO 3JIeMCH1'bi ee npe.nCTaBJIeHbl KpynHbIMH KJICTKaMH,
pacnOJIaralOlllHMHCfI 1f1>KaMH EOKpyr TOHKOCTeHHbIX H WHpOKHX Ka-
nHJIJIflpHbIX cocy.nOB Ii, K8K CK33aHO Bblwe, 06JIa.nalOrn.HMH Cnell.HcpH
'IeCKOH xpOMacpcpHHHoCTblO.
13.
195
B 3TOT nepHO)], aBTOpbl Y)l{e 3HaJlll H OCH0I311bl(' IlepTbl 3\16pIlOH':J.J1b-
HOrO pa313l1THSl 3TOH TKaHIi - OOpa30BaIlHe U3 TOrO )l{e IICTOlJHHKa,
113 KOToporo pa3BIIBaIOTC5I Bce I{JlCTOlJHble :)JIeMCHTbl CHMnaTHlJeCKIIX
Y3J10B.
I1MeHHo :na aHaTOMHlJeCKaSl Ii reHeTlilJeCKa51 OJIIl30CTb xpOMacj:>-
cj:>HHHOH TKaHH H CI1MnaTlilJeCKoi'i HepBl101I CIICTCMbl )],a.'lll KOHY
(1903) OCHOBaHHe Ha3I\aTb opraHbl, elo 06pa3013aHHble, naparaH-
rJlHSl\IH.
KOH nepeCMOTpeJl Bonpoc Ii 00 opraHe, pacno.IJOiKeHHOM B 06-
JlaCTH pa3BeTBJleHHSl 06m,ei\ COlli 101' apTepllH, rHCTOJlOrHlJeCKaSl
npMpo.na KOToporo co BpeMeHH JIlolliKa (Luschka, 1852) H ApHOJlb-
)],a (Arnold, 1865) TpaKTOl3aJlaCb pa3J1l1 l IHO. KaK M3BeCTHO, JIIOIIlKa
HaCTaHBaJl Ha )l{e.lle3HCT0\1 xapaKTepe 3!Oro oopa30BaHHSl, Ha3blBae-
Moro )],0 Hero Me)l{KapOTli,'l.I1bIM raHrJli1 :\' (gangl. intercaroticum).
ApHOJlbJJ. )l{e, He COrJlaWaSlCb C JIlOwKa, JJ.OKa3blBaJl, lJTO Me)l{t{apo-
TH)],HbIH raHrJlHH npeJJ.CTaBJlSleT c060II CKOnJleHHe KanllJlJlSlpHblX
KJly6KOB, CTeHKII KOTOpblX 60raTbi KJleTKaMIi. XOTSl MHome al3TOpbl
H3YlJaJIH CTpoeHHe 3Toro opraHa (JIIfTepa-rypa )],0 19JO r. npHBeJ,eHa
y KOHa), TOJlbKO y Illanepa (Schaper, 1892) MMeeTC5I onllCaIme TaK
Ha3bIBaeMblX «THnHlJHblX» KJIeTOK KapofHJJ.HoH )l{eJle3bl, nOXO)l{HX
Ha 3nHTeJlHaJlbHble, HMelOrn.HX npH3HaKIi )l{eJle3HCTOII {PYHKUHH,
OOBHTblX KanHJlJlSlpaMH, HO HHKor)],a He TepmOIUIiX CBoero HH)],HBH-
)],yaJlbHoro xapaKrepa H He npeBpallI,aIOIlI.liXC5I B 3H)],oreJllill cocy.nOB.
IllTHJlJlIIHr (1892, 1899) o6HapY)I{HJI XpOMa(p.pmmocTb KJleTOK Kapo-
ru)],HOH )l{eJIe3bl. KOH (1900, 1902) nO)],TBep.nlin 31'0 H YCT3HOBHJI pa3-
BHTHe ee H3 O)],Horo HCTOlJHHKa C CHMnaTUlJeCKHMH Y3J1aMH, lJTO no-
3BOJlHnO eMY B CBOHX 060011(eHHSlX OTHeCTH K CHCTeMe naparaH-
rnHeB H KapOTH)],HYIO )l{eJlcsy.
Bce )],aHHble KOHa, B TO\1 lJHCJle H Te, KOTopble I3blCKa3aHbi 11M
no OTHoweHHIO K KapOTH)],HOH )l{eJle3e, no.nTBep)l{)J,eIlbl K03e (Kose,
1898, 1902). K03e nepBblH o6paTHJI BHHMaHHe Ha HanHlJHe TaKOrO)l{e
oopa30BaHHSl, KaK H KapoTH)J.Hbli\ naparaHrnHi\, B6J1H3H cep.nua-
Me)l{)],Y npe)],cep)J.HSlMI1 H oonbwHMH cocy.na!\'!H, a HHor)J.a H B CTeHKe
cep)],ua (1902, 1907), YKa3aJl Ha Cpal3HHTeJlbllO lJaCTOe OTCYTcTBHe
xpoMmp<pHHHoi'1 peaKUIIH B era Knemax, lJTO ClJHTan Bblpa)l{eHUeM
<pH3HOJlOfHlleCKoH cj:>a3bl.
Ha OCHOBaHHH CBOIIX Ha6J11oJJ.elmH Ii oooorn.eHIISl .naHHbIX CBOUX
npe)],wecTBeHHHKoB KOH (1903) npIIXO;I.IIT K BbIBO.ny, lJTO naparaH-
rJlHOHapHaSl TKaHb cBoikTl3eHHa BceM n03BOHOlJHbIM )l{I1BOTHbaI OT
pblO)],O lJenOBeKa. OH ern.e pa3 nO..'l.lJepl<Hl3aeT, lJTO naparaHrJlHOHap-
HbIe KJleTKH nOCTOSlHHO I3CTpelJ310TCSl B Y3J1ax nOrpaHHlJHOH uenOlJ-
KH, B Y3J1ax 60JlbWHX CHMnaTHlJeCI<HX CnJleTeHHH (pI. coe1iacus,
pI. aorticus abdominal is, pI. mesentericus inferior, pI. hypo-
gastricus superior H )],p.) H lJTO CKOnJleHH5I 3TJIX KJleTOK oopa3YlOT
caMOCTOSlTeJlbHble KpynHble naparaHrJlHIi - TaKHe, KaK M03rOBoe
Bern.eCTBO Ha,rJ,nOlJelJHHI{a, Me)l{K3poTIi)J.Hbli\ naparaHrJlliH, 6PIOWHOH
aOpTaJlbHbli\ naparaHrJlHH, )J.06aBO'lHbIH opraH lJ,y!{epKallJ.JISl, II 60-
Jlee MenKHe, pacnOnO)l{eHHblC Bj\OJlb 60KOBbiX l{paeB np5lMoli KHWKU,
196
B6JI11311 nO'-lKH 11 MO'-leTO'lHHKa, no 60KaM OT 6pJOllJHOll aopTbl, OKOJIO
nOJIOll BeHbl 11 B 111HpOKOH MaTO'IHOll CB5I3Ke.
K 3TOMY }Ke nepHO)J,Y OTHOC5ITCSl 11 Ha6JIJO)J,eHI1H OTHOCI1TeJIbHO
B8CKYJISlpll3aUlIII 11 IIHHepBaUIHl naparaHrJIlJeB II nepBble BbICKa3bl-
BaHI1H 06 IIX qJYHKlll101I3JIblIOM 3Ha'leHIII1.
Ha uoraTcTBo cocY)J,aMH M03roBoro Bern.eCTBa Ha)J,nO'le'lHHKa
YKa3bIB3JIII A. .D.ocToeBcKHH (1884, 1886), 1'1. C. KOJI6aceHKo (1884),
VI. KY)J,liHlleB (1897, 1898), A. B. 50r)J,aHoB (1898), D. .D.113)J,epeB
(1£09). TOlIKOCTeHlIble BeH03HbIe CIIHYCbl, TeCHO CB5I3aHHbIe C KJleT-
K3MH M03rOEoro Bell eCTB3 H3)J,nO'Ie'lHI1Ka, Onl1C3JI A. C. .D.oreJIb
(1894). Oco6eHHo ueHlIbl COO6LUeHI1H A. C. .D.ureJI5I 0 TOM, 'lTO n3-
peHXI1M3T03Hble KJIeTKI1 H3)J,nO'le'lHHKOEOlI M5IKOTH O)J,HOll CBoeM
CTOpOHOH Henocpe)J,CTBeHHO npllJIeraJOT K 3H)J,OTeJII1JO 3TIIX CHHYCOB.
TaKOM }Ke, K3K B M03rOEOM EeLUeCTBe H3)J,nO'le'lmma. THn KpOBO-
cHa6}KeHH5I OTMe'leH H D KapOTH)J,HOM naparaHrJIHI1. Co BpeMeHH
ApHOJIb)J,a (1865) MHome aBTopbI YKa3bIB3JIH Ha 06I1JIl1e KpoBeHocHbIX
COCY)J,OB B 3TOM opraHe. A. .D.oCToeBcKHll (1884) C'lI1TaJI, '-11'0 nO JIe.n-
HHH. COCTOHT 113 COCY)J,HCTbIX KJJy6KOB. DO.lIp06HO 06 3TOM rOBopHT
H. K3LUeHKo (1887). M3plllaH (Marschand, 1891) TaKme C'-IlITaeT
COCY.lIbI OCHOBHOH 'laCTbJO 3Toro napar3HrJJH5I. TOHKocTeHHbIe,
C 60JJblllHMI1 npoCBeTaMI1 BeH03HbIe COCYJJ:bI Onl1CblBaeT B HeM Illanep
(1892). OH me YK33blBaeT H lIa TeCHbllI KOHTaKT KanHJlJI5IpOB C TaK
Ha3bIB3eMblMI1 «Tl1nl1'lHbIMH KJJeTKaMH» 3Toro opraHa.
Do OTHOllleHHJO K JlPymM Y'-IaCTKaM naparaHrJJHOHapHoM TK3HH
TaKme nOCT05lHHO OTMe'JaJIaCb I1X 60raTa51 11 06I1JILHa51 BacKYJJHpH-
3aUH5I (U,YKepKaH)J,JJb, 1901).
K3K YK33aHo Bblllle, B. A. 5ellY (1864) npHlIa)J,JIemaT nepBbIe
0606LUeHI151 Ha6JIJO,neHHH. no HHHepBaUl111 M03rOBoro Bern.eCTBa Ha)J,-
nO'le'lHI1Ka, BbIpa311BlllHeC5I B YCTaHOBJIeHlUl clJaKTa 06HJIbHeMlllero
npoHHKHOBeHH5I HepBHbIx CTr:OJIIIKOB B napeHxHMY H3)J,nO'le'lHHKa
Ii 06pa30BaHH5I T3M MHOrO'lHCJIeHHbIX BeTBJIeHHH.. ::170 nO)J,TBepm)J,aeT
H A. .D.ocToeBcKHll (1884, 1886).
<l>Y3apll (Fusari, 1891) OTMeTlIJJ II cnoc06 oKoH'IaHlIH HepBHbIX
BOJIOKOH, npoHlIKlllHX B M03rOBoe Bern.eCTBO Ha)J,nO'-le'lHI1Ka,-
HepBHbIe TepMIIHaJII1 OnJIeTaJOT rpynnbI ero KJIeTOK 11 Ha nOBepxHocTH
I1X OKaH'lllBaJOTC5I He60JJ llllllMII YTOJILUelI1I5IMI1 11 B3)J,YTI15IMII.
Hal160JJee nOJJHOe onllcallHe HHlIepBauHoHHbIX oTHollleHHH
B Ha)J,nO'-le'lHllKe IIMeeTC5I B pa60Te A. C. .D.oreJI5I (1894). Ero )J,aHHbIe
no CYLUeCTBY He nOTep5IJJII 3Ha'-leHHH IJ .no HaCTOHLUero BpeMeHH,
HaCTOJJbKO OHII TO'lHbl II HC'lepnblBaJOrn.I1. A. C. .D.oreJIb YKa3bIBaeT,
'ITO HepBHbIe CTBOJI11 KII, COCT05ILUIIe 113 M5IhOTlIbIX 1I 6e3MHKOTHbIX
BOJlOKOH, 06pa3YJOT rYCToe CnJJeTeHHe B KanCYJIe H3)J,nO'le'lHHKa.
4aCTb CTBOJJHKOB 1I OT)J,eJILI-IbIC BOJIOKHa 3Toro CnJIeTeHI15I IIHHepBIi-
PYJOT KpOBeHOCHble COCYJlbI KanCYJIbI 11 KopKOBoe Bern.eCTBO. .D.Pyr3H
'laCTb HepBHblX CTBOJIHKOB H)J,eT B M03rOBoe Bern.eCTBO 11 3)J,eCb 06pa-
3yeT rYCTeHlllee HepBHoe CnJleTeHIIe, neTBlI KOToporo OnJleTalOT 6YK-
BaJILHO Kaml\YJO KJIeTKY. HepBHble OKOH'IaHH5I pacnOJJOmeHbl Ha
KJJL'TKaX (A. C. LLOreJIb nOI\'leplUlBaeT, 'ITO OHI1 B npOTonJJ33MY
J97
KJleTIW He npOHHI<alO"r) 11 'lpC3Bbl'laiiHO HanOMl1HalOT TaKOBbJe me 13
CJIe3HbIX 11 CJIIOHHbIX >KeJIe3ax. Y CTaHaBJII1BaH <paKT TecBei1wero
B3al1MOOTHOWCHlIfI Me>K,QY HepBaMl1 11 KJIeTKaMl1 napeHXl11\1bl,
A. C. .lJ.oreJIb OTMe'laeT, 'lTO HepBbI no !leKOTOpbIM JJ.CTaJI5JM CBoero
CTpOeHl1H HBJIHIOTCH Tl1nIl'lHbIMH 'lYBCTBIUeJIbHbIMH. A. C. )lorcJlb
onHCbIBaeT H HepBHble KJIeTKII, paCnOJIQ)KeHHble 13 M03rOBOM Be-
rn.eCTBe Ha,QnO'le t IHl1Ka, KBamJ<pI1UHpYH l1X KaK CHMnaTH'leCKl1e, no-
XO)l{l1e Ha TaKOBble COJIHe'lHOrO CnJIeTCHIHI Ii ,QPyrHx CHMnaTI1-
qeCKHX Y3JIOB.
Ha 60raTCTBO HepBa m KapOTH)l.HOrO naparaI-IrJII1H YK33bIBaJI
IIlanep (1892), O,QHaKo, KOHcTaTHpY5J <paKT BHe,QpeHI1H 60JIbWOrO
KOJlI1'leCTBa MHKOTHbIX 11 6e3MHKoTHblX HepBoB 13 K.'IeTO'lHble 6aJIKI1
glandula carotica, OH He npOCJIe. HJI l1X OKOHtIaHl1iL Wanep 01 MeTHJI
npe06JIa,QaHHe MHKOTHblX BOJIOKOH H 06pa30BaHIIe 3a I1X C'leT rYCToro
CnJIeTeHl1H, 13 neTJIH Koroporo 11 norpymeHbl >KeJIe3HCTble 6aJIKH,
H npHcyrcTBHe B KapOTl1,QHOM naparaHrJIHI1 HCKOToporo KOJIH'leCTBa
MYJIbTl1nOJIHpHblX HepBHblX KJleTOK.
HHHepBaUHOHl-Ible OTHOIlleHH5I 13 )l.PYfHX Y'laCTKaX naparaHrJIHO-
HapHoH CHCTeMbI He 6blJIH 06CJIe,QOBaHbl. O,'\HaKO, KaK CKa3aHO BblIlle,
Bcer,Qa OTMe'laJlaCb CBH3b JIl060ro H3 naparaHrJIl1CB C CHMnaTH'lC-
CKHMH Y3JIaMl1 HJIH HaJIH'lHC HepBHblX KJIeTOK 13 HHX caMHX.
nep8ble npe)l.nOJIOmeHH5I OTHOCIITeJIbHO 3Ha'leHIIH XpOMa<p-
<pHHHOll TKaHH ,QJIH opraIlH3Ma npHHa}];JIcn<aT A _ .lJ.ocToeBcKoMY
(1884). B H3MeHeHHH XHMI13Ma Kpor3H YCMaTpHBaJI OH rJIal3HYIO pOJIb
M03r080ro Bern.eCTBa HaJJ.nO'le'lHHKa. Henocpe.D.CTBCHHble Ha6J1Io.ll.e-
HHH 13 3TOM HanpaBJIeHI1H C,QeJIaHbl A. C. .lJ.orCJIeM (1894), KOTOpblll
OTMeTHJI, 'lTO xpoMacp:fmHHble KJICTKI1 Ha,QnO'le'lHl1KOl3oii MH KOTH
npH 06pa60TKe COJIHMH ccpe6pa 06HapYnWBalOT B CBocii npoTO-
nJla3Me aprcHTocpllJIbHble 3epHa, 'lTO 3TH 3cpHa ncpeXOLlHT H3 KJICTOK
13 KpOBeHOCHble CHHYCbl. 3rHM A. C. .lJ.orCJIb KOHCTaTHpOBaJI, 'lTO
npO,QYKTbI KJIeTOK M03rOBoro 8ern.CCTBa Ha,QnOlJe'lIUlKa nepCXO,Q5JT
np5lMO 13 KpOBb, a COCY,Q npH 3TOM «CTaHOBI1TCfl Ha MCCTO BbIBO,QHoro
npOTOKa».
TaKl1M 06pa30M, A. C. .lJ.orCJIIO, a He OJIHBepy H Wccpepy
(Oliver a. Schafcr, 1895) npI1H8)1.JIC>KHT ncpBcHcTBO 13 YCTaHOBJICHHH
3 HJI,OKpHHHOH <PYHKIll1H M03rOBoro BCLII.CCTBa Ha)l.nO t IC'lHl1Ka. Hx
me 3aCJIyroH HBJIHeTCH 06HapY>KCHl1e xapm<Tepa Jl,Ci1CTBH5J ropMoHa
HaJl,nO'le'lHHKa. npHBoJJ.HLII.erO K nOBblWCHHIO TOHyca MbIWC'-IHOH
TK8HII, - oc06eHHo fJIaLlKHX MblillU COCYJI,HCTOI I CTCHKII-H YTBcpm-
Jl,eHHe, 'lTO Bern.CCTBO, Bbl3bIBaIorn.ee 3TOT 3cpi)CKT, COJl,Cp>KHTCH 13 M03-
rOBOM CJIoe HaJl,nO'lC'lHHKa.
B ueJIOM pH)l.e nOCJIeJl,YIorn.HX pa6o-r - OHH XopOWO Cl3e}leHbl
Y M. H. 4e60Kcapo13a (1909a, 6) - 3TH OTKpblTl15J A. C. llorcJI5J H
OJIHBep8 H illecpepa 6blJIH nOLlTBep>KJJ.eHbl, YTO'lHeHbl 11 paCIlll1pCHbl.
BCrn.CCTBO, H3BJIeKaeMOe I13 HaJl,nO'lC'-IHI1Ka II cneu,I1<pII'leCI<I1 .lI.eHCT-
BYIOLII.ee Ha cep,QI\e H COCY)l.HCTYIO CTCHKY, nOCJIe,QOBaTe"'IbHO nOJIY-
'laJIO pa3HbIe Ha3I3aHI1H - c<pIIrMoreHIIH, 3nl1He<ppllH, cynpapeHlIH
II, H8KOHCU, a,QpcHaJIHH.
198
U;\HOBpei\1eHHO 6b1JUI npOBe;:\CHbl Ha6JII0;:\eHlUI H OTHOCHTeJlbHO
<py H Ku,HOHaJlbHOrO 3Ha'IeHIHI BHeH3;1.nO l le41U11\OBOii x pOM3cpcpll H HOM
ThaHH. DH}].Jlb H BI13eJlb (Biedl, lY02), npHrOTOBJI.SIH 3KCTpaKT
113 OpraHa lJ,YKephaHAJlH II BBO}].H ero MHI30TBbli\1, 06HapYMHJllI TaKOH
Me 3lpcpCKT, KaK 11 npl1 BBe. eHIIII 31{CTpaKTa 1'vl03rOBOro I3eLLlCCTBa HaJ].-
nO'Ie4HHKa - nOI3blWeHlle apTepUaJlLHoro }].3BJleHUH, COKpaLLleHue
nepllll)epll4eCKHX COCY}].OB II YCI1J1eHHe COKpalllelll1H cep}].e'IHoii MbJW-
UbI. 5U,iJ;Jlb U BII3eJlb c}].eJlaJlII BbII30;(, 'ITO xpOMatpqJUHHbIe opraHbI
6plOWHOii n0.1 OCTII, 1\I0p<pOJloru4ecKaH H reHeTH4eCKaH 06LLlHOCTb
KOTOpblX 6blJla MHorOKpanlO nOKa3aHa H }].O HI1X, 06'be}].HHeHbl H
CBOH!\1 lIJll3HOJlOfll'leCKHI\I 3Ha'leHHei\1, npe}].CTaBJlHH pacceHHHble
Y'IaLTKII 3H;J.OKpIlHI-lOii TKaHlI, }].emeJlbHOC.Tb I\OTOpOH B036YM}].aeT
MbIIIlC'IHYIO II HepBHYIO CHCTeMY.
OpOBe,il.eHHble B 3TOM HanpaBJleHHH UCCJle,il.OBaHHH no OTHOI.;JeHlIIO
K l\apOTl1}].HOMy naparallr JlIIIO He }].aBaJlH 0}].H03Ha'lHbIX pe3YJlbTaTC'd.
O;:\HaKO Y u,eJloro pH;J.a aBTopOB HMelOTCH lieonpOBepfKHMble }].OKa3a-
TeJlbCTBa B nOJlb3Y TaKoro )lie, KaK H OCTaJlbHblX naparaHr JmeB,
}].eiicTBUH Ha OpraHlI3M H paraganglion intercaroticum. MYJlOH
(1904a), lIanplll\lep, Bbl3bIBaJl nOBblweHlle KpoBHHoro }].aBJleHHH Ii
Y'IalllCHHe cep}].lIeOHemm Y MIIBOTHblX, BBO}].H 11M 3KCTpaKT KapOTH}].-
Hora TeJla Jlowa}].lI. HenOCTOHHCTBO npeccopHoro 3<pcpeKTa 3KCTpaK-
TOB KapOTli}].Hoii MeJle3bl BIH-1CeHT (Vincent, 1900) 06'bHCHHJI TeM,
41'0 OHII Bcer}].a co}].epMaT O'IeHb MHoro BellleCTB H H3 HepBHoii TKaHH,
3KCTpaKT KOTOpOH ;J.aeT 06paTHblH 3<pq,eKT. l1cCJle}].OBaTeJlH 3Toro
nepl1o}].a He HaXO}].HJlH }].OCTaTO'IHbIX OCHOBaHHH, '1T06bl COMHeBaTbCH
B cpIl3110.'IOflI4eCKOM CXO,il.CTBe KapOTH}].Horo naparm-1rJlHH co BceMH
OCTaJlbHbIMI1. TaK, MeHKe6epr (M6nckeberg, 1905), KOTOpbu'i BH}].eJl
H n06ypeHHe KJleTOK KapoTH}].HOH MeJle3bl OT XpOMOBblX cOJleH,
U 60.1bllloe 60raTcTBo ee cocy}].aMH, 6e3 BCHKHX COMHeHIIH
OTHOCHJI ee K naparaHrmlOHapHoH CHCTeMe.
TaKHM 06pa30M, B pe3YJlbTaTe MHOrOJleTHI-IX MOpcpOJlorullecKHx,
<p1I3110.10flI4ecKHx, 3M6pl1oJlOrH4eCKHx H cpaBHHTeJlbHo-rucTOJlOrH-
4eCKllX I1CCJle}].oBaHIIH K Ha'laJlY XX CTOJleTHH B HaYKe CJI0MHJlaCb
cTpoiiHaH KOHu,enu,HH 0 naparaHr.lI1Hx. OCHOBHblM co}].epMaHHeM
3TOll KOHuemuUl 6blJlH npe}].cTaBJleHHH 0 TOM, lITO MaTepHaJl, }].alOlllHH
HalIaJIO 3J1eMeHTaM CIlMnaTJIlIeCKOH HepBHoH CHCTel\lbl, CJlYMHT
HCT04HHKOM 1-1 }:lJlH .l\Pyrux KJleT04HbiX 3JleMeHTOB, CXO}].HbIX MOp<jJo-
JlOfll4eCKli II 06'be}].IHleHHblx O,il.HHaKOBbIM OTHoweHueM K XpOMOBbiM
COJlHM. 3TH KJleT04HbIe 3J1eMeHTbl B 3a6pl0I1lIIHHOM npOCTpaHCTBe
06pa3YIOT 60Jlee UJlII MeHee MOLLlHble caMOCTOHTeJlbHble CKOnJleHHH H
BCer;\a B 60JlbWeM HJlU MeHbWe;\1 KOJlU'leCTBe npHMewaHbl K CUMna-
TH'leCKIIM Y3J1aM. B BepXHI1X OT}].eJlaX TYJlOBI1LLla xpOMa<pcjmHHble
K.leTl<l1 pacnOJIaralOTCH rJlaBHblM 06pa30M B}].OJlb CilMnaTH4ecKOH
uen04KH, T. e. peTpOnJleBpaJlbHO B 06JlaCTH 60JlbWHX COCY}].OB rpy}].-
Hoii nOJlOCTU H B6JIH3H HJlH B CaMI-IX CUMnaTlI'leCKUX Y3J1ax. B 06-
JlaCTII weH OHII conpoBoM}].aIoT COHHYIO apTeplllo II CHl\1naTH4e-
CKl1ll HepB.
19:1
l\apOTl-IJJ.Hblii naparallrmIii He flBJUleTC5J caMblM Kp3HIIaJlbHbIM.
Lllle B 1878 r. KpaY3e onlIcaJl oJtHHaKOBO C IUlM nOCTpoeHHYIO
glandula tympanica, pacnOJlO}l{eHHYlo OKOJlO KaH3J1a TlIl\1naHaJlb-
Hora HepBa J.\ JlYKOBlIUbl flpeMHOH BeHbl.
EblJla onpeJt JleHa 11 cpIl3HOJlOflllJeCKa5J CYllJ.HOCTb naparaH-
rJU10HapHOH TK3HJ.\ - KJleTKJ.\ ee cIlHTe311pYIOT a.lI.peHaJlIIH II OT-
.lI.alOT ero HenOCpe.lI.CTBeHHO B KpOBb. TKaHb 3Ta 6bIJla B Tex II JIll
J.\HbIX COOTHOllJe!lJ.\5JX 06HapY}l{eHa Y Bcex n03BOHOlJHblX }l{IIBOTHbIX.
11 XOTH lllJlJ.\ cnopbl, 11MeeTCfI JIll Y pbI6, aMqm6I1H Ii penTJ.\JlIIH 06pa-
30BaHJ.\e, rOMOJlOfl\lJl1oe glandula carotica MJleKOmITaIOlll.I1X,
B 061.1.1.11x Bonpocax OTHOCJ.\TeJlbHO HaJlJ.\lJIIH J.\ TonorpaqmH naparaH-
rnJ.\eB pa3HOrJlaCliH He 6b1J10.
B 6J1H}I{aiillJHe BCJleJt 3a CcpOpMJ.\poBaHJ.\eM KOiluenUIIJ.\ 0 naparaH-
rJlJ.\HX rO.lI.bl 6bIJI BbmOJlHeH UeJIbIH pH.lI. pa6OT. nOJJ.TBep}l{JtalOllI.HX pe
npaBOTY J.\ paclllJ.\p5JIOllJ.J.\X J.\ YTOlJH5lI0llJ.J.\X CBe]1eHJ.\S1 0 pacnpeJteJle-
HJ.\J.\ naparaHrJlJ.\oHapHblx KJleTOK B opraHax, 0 TOHKOM CTpoemHl
3THX KJleTOK J.\ 0 3HalJeHlIIi HX i'1.JlH ooraHll3Ma.
TaK, BJ.\3e.Tlb (1906) OIlHe-aJl B cepine JteTeH 60JlblllOe KOJlIll!eCT-
BO xpOMa!JJqmHlwH TKaHJ.\, pacnOJlO}l{eHHOH JtJlJ.\HI-IbIM TS1}1{OM B 06-
naCTl-1 HalJaJlbHblX OTJteJlOR a. coronaria sinistra II no Macce npeBbl-
lllalOllJ.eH M03roBoe BellJ.eCTBO HaJtnOlJelJHlIKOB. B 06J13Cnl cep)].ua
}l{e xpoMa$tJJ.\HHYIO TKaHb onHCaJl II EY3aKI\H (1912) - npl-fBe-
.lI.eHO no naJlbMe (1934), oTMeniBllIHH, lJTO ee MO}l{HO p33JteJlHTb
Ha .lI.Be rpynnbl: BepxlIIolO, pacnOJlO)KeHHYIO Me}KJty .lI.yroH aopTbl H
JIerOlJHOH apTeplleH OKOJIO 60TaJlJloI3oii CB5J3KJ.\, II HH}I{HIOIO, Jle}l{a-
llJ.YIO Me}l{Jty JlerOlJHOH apTeplleii II BOcxoJt5JllJ.eH aopTOli B6J1H31I Ha-
lJana JleBoii BeHelJHOii apTepHII. EY3aKKJ.\ 06panw BHHMaHIIe lIa pa3-
HYIO xpoMacpcpllHHoCTL 3THX naparaHrJlJ.\eB, YKa3aB, lJTO HII}I{HS1H
HX rpynna 06J1aJtaeT 60Jlee 3Ha4l1TeJlbHbIM KOJlIl4eCTBOM xpOlVla!JJ-
!JJJ.\HHbIX KJleTOK, 4eM I3epXHflfI.
EYKypa (Bucura, 1907) HallJeJl xpoMa$tJJ.\HHbIe KJleTKH B npeJt-
CTaTeJIbHOH }l{eJle3e H HJ.\lIHHKe y JlloJteii. HaJll14I1e naparaHfJ"mOHap-
HOH TKaHH B 5JH4H1lKe 6b1J1o noJtTBep:>:K.lI.eBo BHHJ.\I3apTepOM
(Winiwarter, 1910).
AHaToMJ.\lJeCKHe OTHOllleHHH Jt06anOlJHblX opraHoB CIIMnanl4e-
CKoro HepBa YT04HIIJI E. A. Be4ToMoB (1909). BJ.\HceHT (1910)
noJtTBepJtJ.\JI JtaHHble KOHa, KaCalOllJ.HeCH 6plOlllHblX naparaHr JlHeB.
a KaH (Kahn, 1912) BbI4HCJlHJI KOJlJ.\lJeCTBO 3nJ.\He<PpIlHa B M03roBOM
BellJ.eCTBe HaJtn04e4HHKa J.\ 6plOillHoro naparaHrJlJ.\H, B351TbIX B
OJtJ.\HaKOBbIX BeCOBblX KOJllI4eCTBax.
nOnpe>KHeMY 60JlbillOe BHHMaHHe J.\cCJleJtoBaTeJIeH npIlBJlehan
HaJtnOlJelJHHK. B pe3YJlbTaTe neJloro pflJta pa60T (A. K. KPbllllTO-
neHKO, 1904; 3. J1aHJtay, 1907; A. A. EOrOMOJlel1, 1909: B. .lI3ep-
}l{lIHCKHH, 1910) 6blJlO BbIHCHeHO, lJTO M03rOBoe BellJ.eCTBO HaJtn04elJ-
HHKa H no CTpoeHHIO, II no pa3B1ITlIIO npeJtCTaI3J1HeT C060H caMOCTOH-
TeJlLHblH opraH H lJTO HMeHHO C !111M CBH3ap.0 BblJteJleHHe aJtpe!laJUlHa.
B 1909 r. nOHBHJlaCb pa60Ta M. H. 4e60KcapoBa (19096), npeJI-
CTaBJIHIOllJ.aH C060H OJIHOnpeMeHHo CBOJtI,y Bcero, 4TO 6blJlO K 3TOMY
200
BpeMeliH c}J.eJJ<1I-10 13 06J1aCTIl 1i3Y ' lem:51 BbweJI51101u.eU a}J.peHaJllIH
ThoHII Ha}J.nO'lf'4HHKa. M. H. LIe60KcapoB nOI<833J1, '1TO M03rORoe
BeweCTBO l a}lnO'le'Imma TeCHO CB5I3aHO B CPYIIKu.HOHaJlbHOM OTHO-
weHHH C HepBlJOll CHcTeMoi'1 - n. splanchnicus 51BJl5IeTC5I HaCT05l-
I1lIlM ceKpeTopHblM HepBOM :Horo oprmra.
K TaKOMY }((e no cYlILeCTBY 06w.eMY BbiBO}J.Y npHWeJl H 3J1J1HOT
(Elliott, 1912, 1913). DLITa5lCL BCKpblTb MexaHH3M CB5I3H '1peBHOro
HepBa Ii 1\I03roBoro Bew.eCTBa H8}J.nO'le'lHIlKR, .3J1J1HOT nepepe3an
n. splanchnicus.
06HapY>KIlB npu 310M }J.ereHepHpYIOw.He BOJlOKH3 cpe.nH KJleTOK
Ha}lnO'le'lHHKOBOll M5IKOTIl, OH peWHJI, lITO xpm18cpqJHHHbIe 3J1eMeHTbl
nOJlY'IaIOT IIMnYJlbC Henocpe.nCTBeHHO OT nperaHrJlHOHapHblX CHMna-
Tl1'1eCKHX BO.'JOKOH.
rI1CTOJlOrH'IeCKHe IICCJle.nOBaHH5I l1l1HepBau.l1OHHbIX OTHoweHHH
B HaJtnOlle'lHHKe npOH3BeJl PeHHep (Renner, 1914). O.nHaKo ero .naH-
HbIe 51BI1J1HCb B nOJlHOll Mepe nOBTopeHHeM TOro, liTO y>Ke C006W.HJI
B CBoeM BpeM5I A. C. .lIoreJlb (1894).
XpoMa$PIIHHa51 CIICTeMa B UeJlOM 6bIJla nepecMOTpeHa
K. M. 5IXOHTOBbIM (1913a, 6, B, 1'). OH nO}J.TBep}J.HJI JtaHHbIe CTapbIx
aBTopoB 0 TOM, '1TO xpOMa$PIIHHa51 TKaHb Bcrpe'laeTC5I BCIO}J.Y, rJte
HaXOJJ,51TC5I CHMnaTWleCIUIe HepBHble 3J1eMeHTbl, T. e. B nOrp3Hl1'1HbIX
Y3J1aX, CTBOJlaX H CnJleTeHH5IX. PaBHblM 06pa30M OH no.nTBep}J.HJI
nocr05lHCTBO xpOMa$PIlHHoi'1 TKamI 13 }l\I1BOTHOM P5l.ny OT Xp5lI1leBbIX
pb16 JJ,O '1eJIOBeKa. OC06CHHO nO}J.p06HO K. M. 5IxOHTOBbII\1 (19136,
B, 1') 6bIJlH 06CJIe}loBaHbl TaK Ha3bIBaeMbie .n06aBO'lHble opraHbI
cIIMnaTH'IeCKoi'1 HepBHoii CIICTeMbl (6plowHble naparaHrJII1H) Y JIIO.neii.,
MJIeKOnl1TalOI1lHX >KI1BOTHbIX II nTI1U. OH 06HapY}I\l1J1 pe3KYIO xpo-
Ma$PHHHoCTb KJleTOK 3TIIX 06pa30BaIWll, nOJIHOe CXO}J.CTBO HX C 1\103-
rOBblM BeI1leCTBOM Ha}J.nO'le'lHI1Ka 11 TecHeiiwee OTHOllleHl1e l1X KJle-
TO'lHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB K KpoBeHocHbiM Kanl1JIJI5IpaM, Bblpa>KalOw.eecH
B Henocpe}J.cTBeHHoM npl1JIe}l\aHl111 KJleTO'lHOrO TeJIa K IIX 3H}J.OTeJlI1IO.
D po.nOJl}l\aJIHCb HCCJIe}J.oBaHII5I CTpOeHH5I TaJ{>Ke H KapOTII}J.HOH
.>KeJle3bI, npWJeM nOnpe.>KHeMy 06paw.aJIa Ha ce651 BHHMaHHe pa3-
JIII'IHa51 CTeneHb xpOMa$PHHHOCTIi ee 3JIeMeHTOB y pa3HblX >Kl1BOT-
HblX H JJ,a)Ke Y o}J.Horo H TOro }(e }l\lIBOTHoro. Cpe.nl1 npo'lero 6bIJIO
OTMe'leHO, '1TO KapOTH}J.Ha51 .>KeJIe3a '1pe3Bbl'lallHO 60raTa cocY}J.aMH
(K. M. 5IXOHTOB, 1914a, 6) 11 Y MJleKOnI1TalOw.IIX coJJ,ep}({HT }J.Ra THna
KJIeTOK, OTJlI1'1alOw.I1XC5I }lpyr OT }J.pyra BeJII1'111H0ll 51}J.ep H KOJIII'IeCT-
BOM xpoMaTHHa B HI1X (Gomez, 1908). OJtHaKo nOnpe}(UlelVIY He 6blJlO
HHKaKHX COMHeHIIH B naparaHrJlHOHapHoii npllpo}J.e 3Toro opraHa,
XOT5I A30}J.1I 11 DaYHU (Aszodi u. Paunz, 1923) 06HapY>Kl1JIl1 OTCYT-
CTBl1e B Hell a}J.peHaJlI1Ha. TaK, BHJIbcOH II bHJIJlI1HrCJIII (Wilson
a. Billingsley, 1923), KOTopble YKa3bIBalOT lIa 6oraTcTBo HepBaMH
KapoTH}J.Horo TeJIa. nOJlYLJaloI1lero BeTBl1 OT n. glossopharyngeus,
n. laryngeus superior, n. vagus, lllei'lHoro Cl1MnaTH'IeCKoro lIepBa H
I1HOr}la n. hypoglossus, ClIliTalOT, '1TO Bee 3m HepBbl 51BJHIIOTCfl ceK-
peTOpHbIMI1. A )Kepap (Gerard) II bllJIJII1HrCJIH (1923) paCCMaTpl1-
BalOT KapOTI1}J.Hoe TeJIO B nOJlHOM COrJlaClIl1 C KOHOM KaK HaCT05lw.IIH
201
OlMnaTl14eCIWll naparallfJlHiL B TpaKTOBKe HHHepBaUIIOIIHblX OTHO-
WeHHll B HeM )Kepap H bllJlJlHHrCJlI1 (1923) CTOHT Ha T04Ke 3 peHH 51 3.1-
J1HOTa (1913). On1ClJaH OKOlfllaHII5I BOJIOKOH H3bIKOrJlOT04HOro Hep-
Ba Henocpe}].cTBeHI-Ja Ha napeHxHMaT03HbIX KJleTKaX KapoTH}].Horo
TeJla, OHH pacueHHBalOT 3TH BOJlOKHa K3K nperallrJlHOI-JapHwe,
a caMH KJleTKlI KaK MeJle3HCTble, BCTaBWHC ua MeCTO raHrJlHOllapHWX.
PaBHbIM 06pa30M H H. B. CHHIOWI1H (1924), pa3611paH Bonpoc 06
onyxOJlHX, HCXO}].HW.IIX H3 KapOTlI}].HOii MeJlC3W. OTHOCHT nOCJIe}].HIOIO
K naparaHrJlH5IM.
KaK YMe YKa3aHo BbIWC, Bcu. (1864) OnHCaJl cncumlm4ecKYlo
THCToxHMH4ecKYlO peaKUHIO KJlCTOK, KOTOpbIC nOTOM 6blJlH 06'be}].H-
HeHbI B rpynny naparaHrJlllOHapHLIx. PeaKllHH :iTa 3aKJlI04aeTCH
B nOHBJleHHH KopH4HeB0l1 oKpawHBaCMOCTII npOTOnJla3Mbl KJleTOK
npH o6pa60TKe HX COJlHMH xpoMa, npH4eM oKpaweHHoe Bew.eCTBO
npe}].cTaBJlHeTCH B BH}].e 3epeH pa3Holl BeJlH4HHbI. B }].aJlbHellWeM
6bIJlO YCTaHOBJleHO, 'ITO caMa peaKlI.HH 3aBHCHT OT HaJlH4HH B KJleT-
Kax a}].peHaJlHHa, a CTeneHb KopH4HeBoro oKpawHBaHHH COOTBeTCT-
ByeT ero KOJlH4ecTBY. 3TOT cpaKT 6blJl OKOH4aTeJlbHO yCTaHoBJleH
MYJlOHOM (1904b), 06HapYMHBwHM, 4TO aH}].peHaJlHH }].aeT u.BeTHYIO
,peaKu,HIO C COJlHMH xpoMa H in vitro.
Bblwe 6blJlO YKa3aHo, 4TO A. C. JJ.oreJlb (1894) 06paTHJI BHHMaHHe
Ha TO, 4TO 3aBe}].OMO xpOMacpqmHHble KJleTKH M03rOBoro Bew.eCTBa
Ha}].n04e4HHKa peampYIOT Ha Jfpa60TKY HX paCrBOpOM a30THOKHC-
Jloro cepe6pa nOHBJleHHeM B n;JOTOnJla3Me 4epHbIX 3epeH, T. e. XpO-
MacpcjmHHOCTb conpOBOM}].aeTCH H apreHTacpcpHHHOCTblO rpaUYJlHp-
.Horo co}].epMHMoro KJleTOK.
3TO Ha6J1IO}].eHHe A. C. JJ.oreJlH 6bIJIO nO}].TBepM}].eHO JIeHb-
,eJlb-JIaBacTHHOM (Laignel-Lavastine, 1905), KOTOpbIH OTHec ap-
reHTacpqmHHocTb 3a C4eT cnoc06HOCTH a, peHaJlHHa BOCCTaHaBJlH-
BaTb a30THOKHCJlOe cepe6po. JIeHbeJlb-JIaBacTHH BocnpOH3BeJl :ny
peaKUHIO II BHe opraHH3Ma C 4HCTbIM a}].peHaJlHHOM.
XpOMacpqJHHHble KJleTKH OKa3aJlHCb peampYIOw.HMH 11 Ha B03-
AeikTBHe Ha HHX OCMHeBoro aHrH}].pH}].a. Ew.e B 1903 r. fpHHcpeJIT
(Grynfelt, 1903) KOHCTaTH, pOBaJl 4TO 3epHlIcToCTb KJleTOK M03-
rOBoro Bew.eCTBa Ha}].n04e4HHKa 4epHeeT OT OCMIfH. 3TO 6blJlO OTMe-
4eHO H MYJloHOM (1903, 1904a).
HaKoHeu, B 3TOT Me nepIIO}]. 6b1J1a o6uapY>KCHa ew.e O}].Ha mCTO-
XHMH4eCKaH peaKu.nH xpOMacpcpHHllbIX KJleTOK. B CBoe BpeM5! BYJlb-
nuaH (Vulpian, 1856) yKa3blBaJl, 'ITO B H3}].nO'le4HI1Ke. 06pa6oTaH-
HOM pacTBopaMH nOJlYTopaxJlopllcTOl'O i!{eJIe33 , o6HapY}!{HBaeTCH
3eJleHOBaToe oKpawHBaHHe M03roBOro Bew.eCTmL MHI{POCKOnII4e-
CKH 3Ta peaKUHH oblna nOJ].TBepM}].eHa My J10HOM (1903, 1904a) H
4Ha44Ho (Ciaccio, 1906).
TaKHM o6pa30M, 3epHHcToCTb naparaHrJlliOHapHblx KneTOK }].aeT
UBeTHble mCTOXHMH4eCKHe peaKUHH C pacTBopoM nonYTopax,1opH-
CToro )KeJle3a, XpOMOBblX co.TJei1, OCMlIeBoro aHm}].pH}].a H a30THO-
KHCJlOrO cepe6pa. B M03rOBOM Bew.eCTBe Ha}].n04e'IHHKa 3TH peaKUHH
Y>Ke 6bIJIH H3BeCTHbi H M. H. 4e60KcapoBY (19096).
202
KHHrcoepH (1911) nOll.TBepll.HJI, 'lTO Bee 3TH peaKUHH 51BJl5UOTCSl
pe3KUHHl\U1 Ha all.peHaJlllH, 3aBHC5IT aT era BOCCTaHOBHTeJlbHOH cno-
m6HOCTH II l\lOrYT ablfb 06HapY}J{eH!>1 Ii B np06HpKe. KIIHrc6epI1 cpaB-
HIIJI peaKUIlIi ;'J,13yxpOMOBOKIICJloro !\aJIIUJ, a30THOI\lfCJlOrO cepe6pa,
oC\n:eBoro aHrH;I.pIl;I.a II )J<eJlC30CIUlep0ll.HCTOrO K3J11151 C all.peHaJlI1-
HQ:\1 13 opraHe 1I B npo6HpKe 1I y6C,'I.I1J1CH 13 nOJIIIOM I1X COBnall.eHl!ll.
BnOC.le;{CTBHII OraTa H OraTa (Ogata a. Ogata, 1917) nOJ{TBep}J.I1J1H
cnoco6HoCTb a}J.peHaJlIlHa BOCCTaHaBJlIIBaTb }J.BYXPOMOBOKJiCJlblH:
KaJllIH B Cr0 2 , a BeilMaH (\Veymann, 1922) nOK33aJl, 'lTO nOCJle
BOCCT3HOBJleHHH 6HxpoMaTa 06pa3yeTcH Opraml'leCKaH COJlb, IIMeIO-
rn.aH }J{eJlTbIH UBeT.
3TH rHCTOXHMH'leCKHe pcal<UHl1 }J.aBaJlH B PYKH IICCJlell.OBaTeJlHM
}J.OIIOJlHI1TeJlbHble B03MO)J<HOCTI1 }J.Jl5I 60Jlee nOJlHOrO 113Y'leHHH napa-
raHr.'IHOHapHoii TKaHH, }J.JlH BCKpblTIIH MOp<POJlOrH'lCCKHMII MeTOll.a-
MIl ee <PH3HOJlOrHlleCI<OH Cyrn.HOCTH 1I 3Ha'lCHHH ee }J.JlH opraHH3Ma.
Ho OHI1 }J{C OKa3aJlHCb H npIl'lliHOii 60JlblllHX pa3HOrJlaCHH BO Bcex
3TlIX Bonpocax.
)J.eJlo B TO:\I, 'lTO Ka}J{}J.a51 li3 3THX rI1CTOXHMI1 ' leCKliX peaKUliH
HeH3MeHHO nOKa3bIBaJla B Ka}J{J{O\i naparaHrJllIH, HapH}J.Y C KJleTKaMH,
I1HTeHCHBHO pearupYIOlilHMH Ha COJIH xp0!\1a, cepe6pa, }J{eJIe3a HJlli
Ha ocr-.meBblH aHrH}J.pH}J., H KJleTKlI, peaKUH5I KOTOpblX 6b1J1a CJla60H
HJlI1 OTCYTcTBOBaJIa.
06 3TOM B CBoe BpeMH rOBOpIlJlli Bce aBTopbl. 3TO }J{e OTMe'leHO H
B nOJ{p06HOM HCCJle}J.OBaHHH CMHC (Smith, 1924), nOCBHrn.eHHOM p23-
BHTHIO KapoTH}J.Horo TeJIa Y KpblCbl, IWpOBbl, OBllbl, CBliHbH, KOWKH
Ii 'le.'IOBeKa.
Ho eCJlH K03e (1902, 1907) C'lIiTaJl, 'lTO pa3Ha51 CTeneHb xpoMa(jJ-
<lmHHocTH naparaHr.mloHapHblx I<JleTOK eCTb Bblpa}J{eHHe liX ceKpe-
TOpHOM lpa3bl, TO C!\1HC (1924), o6HapY}J{HB 13 KapoTH}J.HOM TeJle 06cJle-
}J.OBaHHbIX }J{I1BOTHbIX H llCJIOBeKa HenOCT05lHCTBO peaKUl1li C xpo-
MOBblMII COJl5lMH (y KOpOBbl Bce KJleTKH xpoMaqxpHl-IHbI, Y KOIliKH 'lHCJlO
XpO:\ialjxpHHHbIX KJleTOK paBHO 'lHCJlY HexpOMaqxpllIlHblX, Y KpbICbl
XpOMa<P(jJHHHblX COBceM HeT), npHXO}J.HT K BblBO}J.Y 0 HeB03MO}J{HOCTH
OTHOCHTb KapOTHJ{Hoe TeJlO 1< 3HJ{OKpHHHbIM opraHaM.
3TO 3aKJlIO l leHHe 3BY'lHT Heo}J{H}J.aHHo II He YB5I3bIBaeTCH co BceMH
OCTaJlbHblMI1 BbIBO}J.aMH aBTopa, YKa3blBalOlilero Ii Ha pa3BHTHe
KapOTl1}J.Horo TeJla H3 CHMnaT06J1aCTOB, npHwe}J.WlIX H3 llleHHoro H
'lepenHoro CI1MnaTlmyca no H3bIKOrJlOTOllIIOMY H 6J1Y}J{}J.alOrn.CMY
HepBa!\I, H lIa ero 06HJIblIYIO BaCKYJlHpH3aUHIO H liHHep-
BaUHIO.
3TO 3aKJlIO'leHHe HeO}J{H}J.aHHO li nOTOMY, 'lTO CMHC, rOBopH
06 OTCYTCTBHH Y lIee YlI.OBJleTBOpl1TeJlbHOrO OTBeTa Ha Bonpoc
D6 IICTO'lHHKaX npoHcxo}J{}J.eHlHI HexpoMa<p<pHHubIX KJleTOK, noll.'lCp-
KlmaeT, liTO 06a TllIIa KJleTOK (xpOMa<P<pIIHlIble H HexpoMa(jJqJl1HHble)
HMelOT O,1]JmaKOBYlo MOp<POJlOrHlO H 06a pa3BlIBaloTcH 13 Oll.I1HaKOBO
TeCHO" CB5I311 C CIlMnaTittleCKoH uepBHoii cllcTeMoH.
OTpHuaeT naparaHrJlHOIlapuYlo npHpo.w KapOTlIJ{Horo TeJla H
5cHya (Benoit, 1928). DpocJle,'{IIB ero pa3BHTHe y 6eJIbiX MblllleH,
203
OH npHXO,Z\IIT K BbIBO,Z\Y, lJTO B 06pa30BaHlIH KapOTlJ)J.lIoro TeJla npH-
HHMalOT y'IaCTlJe Hei1paJlbHbIe KJIeTKH 'ICpenHOM03rOBbIX Y3JIOB
cnYCKalOllJ.lJeCH no HanpaBJleHHIO K )Ka6epHblM COCY)J.aM. B lJaCTHOCTI1,
K TpeTbei1 }({a6epHOH apTepHaJlbHoi1 ,Z\yre, Ha MeCTe KOTOpOH pa3BI1-
BaeTCH COHHa51 apTepHH, HanpaBJl5IeTC5I T5I)K KJleTOK 113 gangl.
nodosum.
3TOT KJleTOlIHbli1 TH)K 11 eCTb po,Z\oHalJaJlbHI1K KapOTlI,Z\Horo
TeJla. KOHTaI<T ero C BepxHIIM lllei1HblM CHMnaTHlIeCKHM Y3J10M
11 C HepBHbIMH BOJlOKHaMH 1J3 pa3JIH l IHbIX I1CTOlJI-IIJKOB (n. glossopha-
ryngeus, n. vagus) YCTaHaBJlHBaCTCH BTOpl1lJHO.
Pa3BHTHe 3a ClIeT Hei1poHoB gangl. nodosum EeHya C'Il1TaeT
,Z\OCTaTOlJHbIM ,Z\J1H OTHeCeHI1H KapoTH,Z\Horo raHrJlHH (no ero TepMH-
HOJlOfHH) K ,Z\enpeccopHblM opraHaM napaCHMnaTlllJeCKoro npOHCXO>K-
,Z\eHI1H.
HeB03Mo)KHOCTb C'IHTaTb KapoTH,Z\Hoe TeJlO naparaHrJlHeM EeHya
060cHoBbIBaeT ,Z\BYMH nOJlO)KeHIHIMH - pa3BHTHeM ero He 113 CHJ\ma-
T06J1aCTOB H OTCYTCTBHeM xpO:\lacpc}mHHOCTH ero KJleTOK.
)KeJlaH BCKpbITb Mexam13M ,Z\enpeccopHoro ,Z\eHCTBHH KapOTH)\-
HOro TeJla, EeHya B CBOHX nOCTpoeHHHX ,Z\onycKaeT p5I,Z\ OlllH60K.
Bo-nepBbIX, OH He OTJlH'IaeT qYBCTBHTeJlbHbIX BOJlOKOH 6J1Y)K,Z\alO-
llJ.ero HcpBa OT ero nperaHrJlHOHapHbIX BOJlOKOH. BO-BTOPbIX, OH 6e3
BCHKoro OCHOBaHHfI OTI-IOCHT 'IYBCTBHTeJlbHbIe BOJIOKHa K napaCHMna-
TH'IeCKHM. B-TpeTbIlX. 011 npOlJ3BOJlbHO ,Z\onYCl\aeT. lITO Ba30,Z\lJJIH-
TaTopbI ,Z\OJl)KHbI lJMeTb napaClJMnaTlJlJeCKYIO npHpo,Z\y.
3TO CTpeMJleIUIe 06HapY>KHTb B KapOTlJ,Z\HOM Tene cocy,Z\opaClllH-
pHIOllJ.l1e MeXaHlJ3MbI He cJlY'Iai1HO. JI.eJlo B TOM, lITO B 3TOT neplJo,Z\
XepHHr (Hering, 1921 lJ nOCJle,Z\YIOllJ.He ro,Z\bI) y}({e ony6J1HKoBaJ!
CBOH OnblTbl C pa3,Z\pa)KeHHeM CHHYCHOro HepBa. CImYCHbIi1 pecj:JJIeKC
B036YJWJI lJHTepeC MHOfHX lJCC.TJC,Z\OB3TCJleii lJ npo)J.o.1J)KaJI nplJBJle-
KaTb 1\ ce6e BHlJMaHHe.
3THM TOJlbKO MO>KHO 06'bHCHHTb BbIcTynJleHHe llplOHHepa
(Dri1nner, 1925), YTBep>K,Z\aBlllero, 'ITO no OTHOllleHHIO K CHUYCHOMY
pecj:JJleKcy KapoTH,Z\HbIi1 «rJIOMYc» ropa3,Z\0 Ba>KHee, lJeM caM ClJHYC,
TaK I<aK HMeHHO OH HrpaeT pOJlb peUHnI1elITa B 3TOM pecj:JJleKce. JI.PIOH-
Hep npaBHJlbHO lJ3JIO>KHJI 06W.YIO cxeMY pecj:JJleKTOpHoro nYTH, co-
CTOHllJ.ero H3 peUHnHeHTa, ueHTpIIIIeTaJlbHoro HepBa, UeHTpaJlbHOrO
opraHa, ueHTpHcj:JyraJlbHOrO HepBa H pa60lJero opralla. Ha,Z\o, O.l{Ha-
KO, CKa3aTb. 'ITO lJMeHHO 3TO no OTHOllleHHIO K pecj:JJleKTOpUbIM npo-
ueccaM CKa3aJl ellJ.e B 1909 r. H _ n. naBJIOB.
3aKJllOlJeHlJe JI.plOHHepa 0 pOJlH B CImYCHOM pecj:JJIeKCe KapOTlJ}J.-
Horo Te.na HOCHT R 3Ua'IUTeJlbHoii CTeneHH Yl\I03pnn'J1bHbIH xapaK-
Tep. 3TO 3aKJIlOlJeHIIe 6a3lJpyeTcH Ha 60JlblllOM KOJIlJl:eCTBe COCY}J.OB-
B KapoTH,Z\HOM TeJle, Ha TeCHOM KOHTaKTe COCY}J.OB C napeHxHMoll op-
raHa lJ Ha OTHOCHTeJlbHOM 60raTCTBe ero HepBaMH no cpaBHeHIJIO,
Hanpl1Mep, C KapOTlJ,Z\HbIM CImYCOM. MaJloe KOJllJIIeCTBO HepBoB B CH-
Hyce lJ B coce}J.HlJX C HIJM 'IaCTfiX apTepHH CJIY>KIJT, no MHeHHIC-
JI.pIOHHepa, npH'IHHoi1 Toro, 'ITO caM cocy,Z\ He MO}({eT ,Z\aTb HalJaJIO
pecj:JJIeKCY.
04
KaK Ii3BeCfHO, !\tlloroe B 3aKJlIO'IeHil1I J],pIOHHepa He nO}J.TBep}J.l1-
J10Cb, B 4aCTHOCTII, ca:\1 sinus caroticus OKa3aJlCH HaCblIl1.eHHbIM Hep-
Ba'\lIf. Ho BblCKa3aHHaH 11M MblCJlb 0 Be.:(YU.(.e!\1 Y4aCTf!1I KapOTlfJ].Horo
Te.la B CIIHYCHO:\I pet .leKce CblrpaJIa CBOIO pOJlb B C03jJ.aHIlf! nOCJle-
.'I.YIO:.u,lIX 1{f)HUenUlliL
Kor;.!.a n::HJBlIJlIICb pa60Tbi ;.!.e KaCTpo (1926. 1929), OHf! 13CTpeTH.1H
Yllie nOJ,r0TOBJleHH YIO no'my.
J],e KaCTpo (19213) HCCJIe,'.(OBaJI KapOTl1}J.HYI0 06JIaCTb Y Mblllll1.
OH 06HapYllilfJI, 41'0 J.!.CI1cTBlle XpOMOBblX cOJleH Bbl3bIB3eT JIHlllb CJIa-
ooe iKe.lTOe oKpalllllB3Hlle KJleTOK KapoTH}J.HOH llieJIe3bI. llieJIe3H-
CTYIO npllpo;w Koropoii 011 TYT Me OTBepr 11 I1peJ].JImKHJI 1I33blBaTb
ee «rJIO\IYCOM». >KeJITblCI uBeT «rJIO YCHbIX» KJleTOK OH OTHec He 3a
C4eT IIX XPO\13, .pllHHOCTlI, a peUIII.l, 41'0 60JIblilOe KOJIH'leCTBO JIlInOIl-
AOB 5IBJIHerCH npll'IHlloli I1X MCJITOrO oKpalllHBaHHH.
2J.e KaCTpo 0611apYiKHJI 60JIblilOe KOJIH4eCTBO lIepBoB, BXO}J.HIll.I1X
B KapOTlI,'{HbIH «rJIOMyc» H 06pa3Y10:.u,IfX 4YBcTBIITeJlbHbie OKOH4a-
HlIH Ha «rJIO:\lycHbIX» KJIeTKaX 11 cocYJJ.ax, H nO}J.Tsep}J.lIJ1 3KCnep;!-
\leHT3.'1bIl0 IIX atp.pepellTHYlo npHpo}J.Y H npl1Ha}J.J1eMHocTb K fl3bl-
KOrJIOr04HO\IY H 6.aYlli;1.a10:.u,e\IY HepBa:\L
06:.u,IIM BbIBO,lO:\1 }J.e KaCTpo 6bIJIO TO, 4TO KapOTJiJ1.HbIH «£.JIOMYC»
HBJI5IerCH XC\IOpeuenTopOM, pefHCTpl1pYIOIl1.I1M MaJIeCllilHe C)].BlifH
B XH:\U14eCKO:\I COCTaBe npOTeKalo:.u,ell no He:\IY KpOBH. A TaK KaK ero
KpoBocHa6llieHile oCYIl1.ecTBJI5ICTCH apTeplleH, oTxo;t5IIll.eii 01' 6H-
( ypKauHI1 KapOTII;{, TO, 3Ha'IHT, OH 5IBJI5IeTCH, no MHeHHlO}J.e KaCTpo.
Xe\lOpeuenTopO\1 ;1..1151 Bceii npOTeKaIOIll.eii no COHHblM apTepIHL\'
KpCBIi.
Pa60Tbi ;{e KaCTpo OKa3aJlHCb C03BY4HblMil 3110xe 11 cpa3Y npH-
06pe.all 60JIblllYIO 113BeCTHOCTb Ii npl13HaHHe.
DJIaro..1.a;JH 3TO\IY OCTaJIOCb He3aMe4eHHbiM HCCJIe}J.OBaHlIe PH-
reJIe (1928), Bbll10JIHeHIIOe HM C ueJIbIO H3Y4eHHH KapOTI1}J.Horo TeJIa
4eJIOBeKa. PlireJIe nO}J.4epKllBaeT, 4TO 06pa3YIOIll.l1e 31'01' opraH KJIeT-
KlI KpynHbl, oKpyr"lbl HJlH nOJIlfroHaJlbHbl II Bcer}J.a 06JIa}J.aIOT Bblpa-
MeHHoH xpm.lacp;f>HHHoCTbIO, KOTopaH COBna}J.aCT C apreHTacpcpllHHO-
CTbIO. Pa3JIIILJHYI0 xpOMaq,:pllHIIOCTb OT}J.eJIbHbIX KJIeTO'IHbIX 3JIeMeH-
TOB PHre.'1e 06bHCHHcr pa3Hbl:\1 KO"lH4eCTBOM CO}J.epMaIll.I1XCH B HHX
BOCCTaHaBJIlIBaIo:u,IIX BeIll.eCTB II OTMe'laeT, 4TO KJleTKH KapOTlI}J.Horo
TCJIa nO}J.BepraIOTCH 6blCTPOMY TpynHOMY pacna}J.Y.
PHreJIe, KaK II }J.e KaCTpo, OTMe'JaeT 0611JIbHYI0 IIIlHepBaUIfiO
KapOTlUHoro TeJIa. HepBHbIe CTBOJIH, Kii oopa30BaHHbIe npeHMYIll.e-
CTBelHlO MHKOTllbIMI1 BOJIOKHaMII, 06pa3YIOT CnJIeTelUIH BOKpyr
oT;te.lbHbIX }J.OJIeK opraHa, npollHKalOT 13 HHX 11 paCCbIlIalOTCH Ha
KOHueBble BeT04KII, on:leTaIOIl1.He xpOMatjJ;f>lIHHble KJIeTI<H H OKaH-
4I1BaIOIll.HeC5I peTlIKYJIHpHblMII nJlaCTI1HKaMH Ha HX nOBepXHOCTH.
PllreJle He nO}J.KpemiJl CBOIIX IWOJIIO}J.eHHH 3KcnepHMeHTOM Ha
lliIiBOTHbIX. .3nm OObHCHSleTC5I ero HenpaBliJIbHaH TpaKTOBKa xapaK-
Tepa HHIIepBaUlIli KnpOTU;.!.1I0ro TeJIa- OH C411TaJI lIepBbl 3cptjJepellT-
H IMII II CCKpeTopHbIMII, I10, YTseplli}J.aH, 4ro KapOTliJ].Hoe TeJIO npe}J.-
CTaB.15IeT coGo" naparaIlr.llf1i, OH 6blJI COBeplileHIIO npaB, TaK KaK
205
HCXO}J.HJI 113 HaJlIIlJH5I HeCOMHeHHOH XpOMacpqJHHHOii peaKu.mJ ere
KJleTOK.
Pa60Tbl XepHlHa H J1.e KaCTpo nOCJlY:>:KIIJlH OTnpaBHblM nYHKTOM
J1.J15I MHOrOlJHCJleHHblX HCCJle}J.OB3HHii XeHMaHca (1927 H nOCJleJ1.YIO-
Ill.He rO}J.bl) Hero COTpY}J.IIHKOB. I1cnOJlb30BaB MeTOJ1.HKY, npe}J..'IO-
meHHYIO E. A. l\\oHceeBblM (1926), OHH nOKa3aJlH, lJTO B 06J1acTH 6I1-
$ypKau.IUI KapOHIJ1. (a BnOCJle}J.CTBHH - H B 06J1aCT1I J1.yru aOpTbl)
HMelOTCH annapaTbl J1.J1H BocnpHHTIIH pacTHmeHHH COCYJ1.HCTOH eTeH-
KH H XHMHlJeCKHX CJ1.BHrOB B COCTaBe KpOBH. B nOJlHOM COrJlaCIIH
C }J.e KaCTpo XeHMaHc 11 ero nOCJle}J.OBaTeJIH ClJHTaJlH KapOTHJ1.HbIH
«r J10M yc» xeMopeu.enTopoM.
XeHMaHc Hero nOCJle}J.OBaTeJlH OrpaHHlJHJ1H B03MomHOCTH HepB-
HOH CHCTeMbl BocnpHHHMaTb H3MeHeHHH J1.aBJleHHH H XHMH3Ma KpOBH
TOJlbKO peu.enTopaMH, 3aJlOmeHHblMH B CHHOKapOTHJ1.HOH H KapJ1.UO-
aOpTaJlbHOH 30Hax, BblKJllOlJHB TeM caMblM H3 YlJaCTHH B pecpJIeKTOp-
HoM caMoperymlpoBaHHH J1.aBJleHHH H COCTaBa KpOBH orpoMHeiiwylC
lJaCTb COCY}J.HCTOH CHCTeMbl H CHHB no CYIll.eL'TBY Bce BonpOCbl C
MeCTHOM opraHHOM KpOB006paIll.eHllH.
l1}J.eH 0 pacnOJlO>KeH1IH Bcex peu.enTOpOB KpOBeHOCHOH CHCTeMb!
B OrpaHHlJeHHblX H HeMHOrOlJHCJleHHblX YlJaCTKaX COCY}J.HCTOH CTeH-
KH, HeBOJlbHblMH OCHOBOnOJlO>KHHKaMH KOTOpOH HBJlHIOTCH XepHHr
H J1.e KaCTpo, HeCMOTpH Ha TO, lJTO OHa ocnapHBaJlaCb C MOMeHTa
CBoero CCPOPMYJlHpOBaHHH, nOJlYlJHJla 60JlbWOe pacnpoCTpaHeHHe.
B qaCTHOCTH, OHa OTpa3HJlaCb H Ha XOJ1.e HCCJleJ1.0BaHHH B 06J1aCTH
H3yqeHHH naparaHrJlHeB.
OocJle nepBblX pa60T }J.e KacTpu (1926, 1929), nOKa3aBwero,
KaK 6blJlO yme ynoMHHYTO, xapaKTep H HCTOlJHHKH HHHepBawlH Ka-
pOTH}J.HOro TeJla, a TaK>Ke oTBeprHYBwero naparaHrJlHOHapHYIO 0PH-
POJ1.Y nOCJle}J.Hero H npHoHcaBwero eMy xeMopeu.eoTOpHYIO CPYHKU.HIO,
B H:CJleJ1.0BaHHHX xpoMacpcpHHHblX opraHoB HBHO HaMelJalOTCH }J.Ba
HaOpaBJleHHH.
C OJ1.HOH CTOpOHbl, npoJ1.0Jl>KaIOTCH pa60TbI, pacWHpHIOIll.He II
YTOlJHHIOIll.He pacopoCTpaHeHlle B opraHH3Me BbIpa6aTbIBalOIlleli
aJ1.peHaJlHH TKaHH.
K TOMY, lJTO 6blJlO yme H3BeCTHO, 6blJlO npH6aBJleHO, qTO xpoMacp-
(pHHHble naparaHT JIHU pacOOJlO>KeHbl B WHpOKOH CBH3Ke H B weHKe
M3TKH, B HHlJHHKe (Jachimowits, 1931a, b) B testis (BHHHBapTep.
1934), B MaTOlJHO-nY3bIpHOM CnJleTeHHH (OeHHlJKa, 1929), B plexu
prostato-deferentialis (Ciardi-Dupre, 1936), B op6HTe (Botar u.
Pribec, 1935; Mawas, 1936), B MOqeBOM nY3blpe (EaKafl, 1938).
BO Bcex CHl\maTH'leCKHX Y3J1aX (M. M. 3aJlKHH}J., 1937), B CHMoanllle-
CKUX COJleTeHHHX BOKpyr 6plOWHOH aopTbl H B CoeJ1.HHHTeJlbHOH TKa-
HH BOKpyr aOpTaJlbHOii }J.yrH (TplOeKc, 1950), OKOJlO a. mesente-
rica info (Shepherd a. West, 1952). B HapY>KHOii 060JlOlJKe nOlJelJHoi!
apTepHH (M. M. WeihmHr, 1949), B 06J1aCTH CepJ1.elJHblX )'weK,
B 06J1aCTU BXO>K}J.eHHH B cepJ1.u.e JIerO'IHOH BeHbl, B CTeHKe JIerolJHoi'
apTepHH (OaHbe, 1935) H B CTeHKe Bcero npaBoro npe,iJ.cep;I.H51
(TplOeKc, 1950).
206
B BblllleAWeii 13 1930 r. l\lOHorpacpllll r. <}.>. ¥IBaHoBa, npe,'J.CTaBJUJ.-
IOIlleii O,ltHOBpeMeHHo II CBO}J.KY Jll1TepaTypHoro MaTepl1aJla, aBTop
C006IllaeT, LITO HM 06HapY>KeJ-lbl MeJlKHe XpOMaqxjmHHble naparaH-
rJlHH 13 HHTpaMypaJlbHblX Y3J1aX TOJlCTOii KlIWKli pe6eHKa H 13 CJlIOH-
HOir )I(eJle3e lJeJ10BelJeCKoro nJlo}J.a.
nOHBJlHIOTC5I HOBbie CBe}J.eHIIH 0 TOM, LITO onHcaHHbIH KpaY3e
(1878) paraganglion tympanicum BCTpelJaeTCH, KaK npal3HJlO,
B 06J1aCTli Me>K,lty v. jugularis H HapY>KHbIM oTBepcTHeM canalicu-
lus tympanicus, B6J1l1311 THMnallaJlbHbIX BeTBeH H3blKOrJlOTOlJHOro
HepBa (Guild, 1941) 1I YKa3bll3aeTcH Ha ero CXO,ltCTBO C l<apoTII}J.HbIM
naparaHrJlHeM (Zettergren a. Lindstrom, 1951).
06IllIIM BbIBO,ltOM Bcex 3TlIX HCCJle}J.oBaHHH nOnpe>KHeMY HBJlHeT-
CH npll3HaHHe reHenllJccKoli II aHaTOMlIlJeCKOii 6J1H30CTII CHMnaTH-
lJeCKIIX y3J10B H xpOl\JacpcpllHHoii TI<aHII II 06'be}J.IIHeHlIe nOCJle}J.HeH B.
naparaHrJllloHapHYIO clICTeMY no npllHUlIny xpoMaqxpHHHocTH.
nO,'J.TBep>K,ltaIOTCH CTapble .naHHble 06 0611J1bHOii BacKYJl5JpH3a-
WIll naparaHrJlHeB (BaKaii, 1938). BeHHeT (Bennett, 1939) YKa3bI-
BaeT ,lta>Ke Ha cBoeo6pa3HYlO nOJl5lpHOCTb KJleTOK M03r0130rO BeIlle-
CTBa Ha}J.nOlJeLlHHKa, KOTopble npHJle>KaT CBOHMH npoTHBOnOJlO>K-
HbIMH KOHuaMH K apTepHaJlbHblM 11 BeH03HbIM KanHJlJI5JpaM. OH )l(e
OTMeLlaeT, LITO apreHTa$PHllHbIe rpaHYJlbl ceKpeTa Jle>KaT B npHMbI-
KalOIllHX K BeH03HblM COCY}J.aM lJaCTHX KJleTOK, lJeM nO,ltTBep>K,ltaeT
Ha6J1IO,lteHHH A. C. LI.oreJlH (1894).
nOHBJlHIOTCH HOBbIe pa60Tbl II no HHHepBaUHH naparaHrJlHOHap-
HOH TKaHli. H. r. KOJlOCOB (1930) onHCbIBaeT 60raTCTBO HepBaMH
xpoMaqxpHHHoii TKaHH Ha,ltnOlJelJHIIKa H OKOHLlaHHH Ha KJleTKax.
B BH,lte TpeyroJlbHblX 1IJ111 OBaJlbHblX CeTlJaTblX nJlaCTHHOK. AJlbnepT
(Alpert, 1931) YKa3bIBaeT Ha 60JlbWOe KOJlHlJeCTBO raHrJlH03HbIX.
KJleTOK 13 Ha}J.nOlJelJHHKOBOH MHKOTH II Ha CIIHanTlILleCKHe annapaTbl
B BII,lte KOp3HHOK OKOJlO HIIX. JI. 51. nHHec H K. HapOBLlaTOBa (1931)
nO,ltTBep>K,ltaIOT }J.aHHble AJlbnepTa 0 HaXO>K.neHHlI HeHpOHOB Cpe,ltH
xpOMacpcpllHHblX KJleTOK H, KpOMe Toro, BnepBble nOCJIe A. C. 11.0reJlH
06paIllalOT BHHMaHHe Ha peuemopHbIH xapaKTep HeKOTopbIX HepSHbIx.
pa3BeTBJleHHH B tunica adventitia COCy,ltOB H Ha caMHX xpoMacp-
cpHHHbIX KJleTKax. D.. M. fOJly6 (1936) 06HapY)l(HBaeT, LITO B 3M6pHO-
reHe3e lJeJlOBeKa nn. splanchnici npOXO}J.HT lJepe3 3aKJla,ltKY COJlHelJ-
Horo CnJleTeHHH H npOHIlKalOT 13 Ha,ltnOlJeLlHHKH, 13 KOTOpblX B KOHue-
KOHUOB He OKa3bIBaeTCH HH o}J.Hoii xpOMa$PHHHoii KJleTKH, He CBH-
3aHHoii C HepBHblMH BOJlOKHaMli. Pa60TaD.. M. fOJly6a (1936) HHTepec-
Ha eIlle H TeM, lJTO 13 Hell J{eMOHcTpHpyeTcH nOJlHOe COBna.neHHe xpO.
MaqxpHHHOCTH H apreHTacpcpHHHOCTH KJlCTOK M03roBOro BeIlleCTBa
Ha}J.nOlJelJHHKa }J.a)l(e 13 3M6plloreHe3e.
3KcnepllMeHTaJlbHble HCCJlC,'J.Ol3aHHH no HHHepBaItHIi HaJ{nOlJelJ-
HHKOBoro naparaHrJlHH BbmOJlHeHbI XOJlHHWH}J.OM (Hollinshead,
1936, 1937) H CYIIHbHp}J.OM (Swinyard, 1937). 06a 3TH HCCJle}J.OBa-
HHH CXO}J.llbl no pe3YJlbTaTal\J. ABTOpbl BII,'J.eJlH nepepO>K}J.eHHe
HepBHblX 130JlOKOH M03r013oro BeIlleCTBa nocJle nepepe3KH L1peBHbIX
HepBOB II TpaKT)'IOT CBOH J{aHHble 13 .nyxe 3J1J1HOTa (1913), T. e. CLlH-
207
TaIOT, LITO M03rOBoe BellleCT130 Ha}J.nOllelIIIIIKa lHllepBllp013aHO 3a ClIeT
nperaHr JlIIOHapIlblX BOJIOKOII CilMnaTWleCKoii IIcp13110ii CIICTel\lbI. Ha
TeCHoe OTHOllleHHe M03r0130rO BemCCT13a H3,'!nOlle I IHIII<a II 4pe13HblX
HepBOB IIMelOTCH yKa3aHII5I II y ,r pyrnx aBTopOB (6OTap II 0' Shaugh-
nessy, 1937; B. H. IIJlbIlll3, 1909). r0130p51 0 l<paiiBeM 60raTcTBe
xpoMacpcj:JIIHHoH TKaHIl Ha;J.nOlle4HIIKa Hep13HbiMIl BOJlOKHaMII II
OKOHLlaHH5IMI1, B. H. HJlbllila (1939) }J.onYCKaeT, lITO 4aCTb 113 BI1X
HBJlHeTCH CIlMnaTlJlleCKHMH I1perallr.nHOllapaMH. OKaH41II3aIOlllH1\IIICfI,
KaK 3TO npe}J.noJlaraJl 3J1JIIIor (1913), lIa xpOl\1aljxpllHlIblX KJleTKax.
3TY me no CYllleCTBY TOllKY 3pellll51 pa3I31fBaeT EaKaii (1940) 11
MaKcpepJleH,'! (Macfarland, 1941).
O;I.Hal<O Y B. 1 L l1J1bHHOII (1948) npIlBO..1.51TCH }J.OKa3aTe.'lbCTBa
II B nOJlb3Y 4Y13CT13IlTeJlbIlOfl IlHHepBaUIIII xpoMacpcpllHHoii TKaHH
Ha}J.nOllellHHKa, OCYl1leCT13JI5ICMOii HCpBHblMIl 130JlOl,HaMII, npllxo}J.H-
lllHMIl 13 Ha}J.n04e 1 IHIIK no 4pe13HblM HepBaM H npHHa}J.J1emalllIlMIl I<JleT-
KaM CnJiHHOM03rOBbiX y3J103.
no OTHOllleHIllO K 6plOWHbiM napar3HrJ1IIHM nOJtTBep}!{,'!aIOTCH
.u.aHHble CTapblX aBTOpOI3 0 B03paCTHOH ,l\IIHa1\IIIKe paraganglion
aorticum (rypMacj:JTaH, 1928) II 06 ero 06HJlbHOH HHHepBaUIIH
(H. Ll. J],oBrHJlJlO, 1927; C. Eap}J.eHlllTeHH, 1930; B. C. Kocj:JMaH,
1935/1936, 1937, 194U).
06HapymHBaeTcH 60JlblllOe KOJlIfl!CCTBO HepBHblx 3J1eMeHTOB
13 xpoMa$PHHHofl TKaHl1, BKJllOlIeHHOH 13 raHrJlHH CI1MnaTl1l1eCKOH
HepBHoH CHCTeMbI. Jl. 51. nllHeC (1924) OnIlCblBaeT MHKOTHble II 6e3-
MHKOTHble BOJlOKHa, BXO,l\Hllllle 13 TCCHbl" KOHTaKT C naparaHfJlIlO-
HapHblMH KJleTI{aMH CHMnaTHlIeCKI1X Y3J10B. 3TU BOJlOKHa o6pa3YIOT
BceB03MomHble OKOHLlaHI1H Ha caMHX XpOMalpcj:JHHHbIX KJleTKax.
06 I1HBepBaLUIH xpoMaljJljmHl1OH TKaBI1 13 MOLleBOM nY3blpe rOBopuT
5aKaH (1938). OnHcblBaH MHorollHCJleHHble 60.'lee KpynHble H 60Jlee
Me"lKHe naparaHrJlI1H H B oKpymalOmefi MOLleBOll nY3bipb COe,'lHHH-
TeJlbHOH TKaHH, H 13 lIeM CaM01\1 H OTMellaH Tonorpacpu4ecKYl0 6J11130CTb
3THX naparaHrJlHeB K CIlMnaTHlIeCKIlM Y3J1aM, OH YKa3bIBaeT H Ha
06HJlbHYlO HHHepBauHIO xpoMa$PIIHHbiX KJleTOLlHblX CKOnJleHIIH
13 CJlW"lHCTOH 11 MblUlellIloH 060J1041<e MOlle130rO nY3b1P5l. B OCHOBHOM
}J.eJlo CBO,l\I1TCH K TOMy, LITO cpe}J.11 xpoMaej)(I:mHHbIX KJleTOI< pacno-
J10meHO CnJleTeHHe TOHlUIX HepBHblX BOJlOKOH, cpe,,!H KOTOpblX 06-
1-IapymHBalOTcH H 60Jlee TOJlCTble. .3TO HepBHoe CnJleTCHlle H3CTOJlbKO
06HJlbHO, liTO n03BOJl5leT aBTOpy ClIIlTaTb, liTO Kam]laH xpOMacpcpllHHaH
KJleTKa HaXO,l\I1TCH no}J. npHMblM BJlI1HHl1eM HepBHOH CI1CTeMbl. 6aKaH
(1938) B03pamaeT XOJlJlHIlIlll111.Y (1936. 1937) H 13 ero J1HlIe BceM
CTOpoHHHKaM B3rJlH,'!a Ha IIHHepBalUl10 xpoMacprpllHHblX 1{J1eTOI{ npe-
raHrJlHOHapHblMH BOJlOKHaMH, YTBep>KJ1aH, 4TO 3TH BOJlOKHa IIMelOT
OTHoweHlle TOJlbKO K Hepl3Hbll\! KJleTl<a:\!. 13KJI,{)lleHHblH B xpO:\1acj:J-
qJlIIlHYIO TKaHb. Ha 3T1IX KJleTl<ax nperaHrJlllOlIapHblC 130JlOKHa H
06pa3YlOT nepHueJlJlIOJlHpHble annapaTbI.
nOJtB01l.H HTor BceM 3TIIM IICCJle,r 013aHH5IM, Ha,l\O CKa33Tb, liTO OHH
paCWHpHJlII 06J1aCTH, B I<OTOpblX MorYT pacnOJIaraTbCfI naparaHrJlHH,
, 11 n01l.TBep}J.I1J1H CBH3b nOCJle'!1II1X C CIlMnaTlllIeCKHMII y3J18MH. KpoMe
roro, 3TII IICC:1C,,\OBaIlIlSl y ro'lHIIJlII I{ pllTeplllI JJ:Jl5l 1I, eHTI1l1)HKaUIIH
naparaHrJlIlOHaplloii: TKaHII, nOKa33B, 4TO, KpOMe cneUHcpH4eCIUlX
rlICTOXIE\!II'leCI{JI)( peaKUIIii ec KJleTOK, OHa 06.'la, aeT xapaKTepHOH
BaCKY.1HpH aUlleii. II 0611JlbHOi1 I1IlHcpBaUlleii.
O, IJaKO 06 IIHHepBaUlII1 naparaur.1HcB HY)/(HO CKa3aTb, 'IToonH-
c3Te.lbHtre--B O;r[bIlIIIHC'TBe cnoeM pa60TbI IIC 1II0rJlII npll6aBI1Tb HO-
BblX cBeJJ:eHHii K JJ:aIIIIbIM A. C. LloreJl51 (1894) I I XOT5I 6blJlH nOKOJIe6-
.'IeBbI YT8ep)!{}ICIII151 .3JIJIIIOTa (l Y 13) 06 OKOJIlIaIlIlIl nperaHr./llIOIWpHblX
BOJlOKOH Ha xpoMaq)[pllHHLIX KJleTKaX, HOBblX n03HTHBHbiX KOHuen-
UlIll R OTHOlllClII1I1 311a4eH1I5I IIHHepnauHoHHbIX CTPYKTYP naparaHr-
:men lIe 6blJlO BbICKa3aHO.
CpeJJ:1I MHOrllX pa60T, nOCB5IlI CHUbIX nonpocaM mmepnaUIIH xpo-
la(P4>IIHHbIX cI\OnJleHIIii, PY)I{j[O BbIJJ:t'JIHTb pa60TY B. vI. IIJlbllHOH
(1948). B Heii C 6e3YKopll3HCHlloii TOlllIOCTLIO nOKa3aua lJYBCTBIlTeJlb-
I;ml I1IfHCpBaIUl5I M031'0130rO nCIlJ,eCTna IJaJJ:nOlfClJHIIKa 3a ClJeT Heii.po-
1I0B HII)!{He-rpYJJ:HbIX cnllHHOlll03ronbIX Y3J108. Ho paBHblM 06pa30M
HY)!{HO OnleTllTb, 'ITO B Tpal{TonKe CBOIIX J{aHHbIX B. 11. H:lbH!-!a
OKa3a.laCb lIecB060J].1I0ii 01' B.'lIlHHH5I cnCKYJlHTHBlIbIX 1<OIIUenUHH,
B03HI1I{lUIIX n Y'iell III I 0 naparallrJIH5IX nocJle pa60T JJ.plOHHepa
(1925) 11 JJ:e KaCTpo (IY26, IY2Y).
KaK CK33allO nbIIlIC, K 1\1OMellTY BbIXOJJ:a n CBeT cTaTei.j: Jl.e KacTpo
(1926, 1929) III1KTO 113 IICCJIeJ].OBaTeJleii. lie COMHeBaJlCH B naparaHr-
.1110HapllOH npHpo,'{(, KapOTHJl.1I0rO TCJla. K Y)I{e ynOM5IHYTbIM IICCJ1e-
.J.ORaHIIHM HY)!{IW nplloanllTb pa60TY 13I1HIIBapTepa (1926), n KOTOpOH
OH HaCTallBaeT lIa nplI'iHCJ1eHIII1 I{ (peOXPOMHbIM l KJleTOK KapoTIIJl.-
Hoii )I{eJle3bI, TaI{ jWK OHII BeJJ:YT Ceo51 KaK 06bllJUble <}JCOXpoMHble
K.'leTKH. 0 xpoMacpcpllHIIOCTJI KJleTOK j\apOTHJ HOrO naparaHrJIHH ro-
BOpHT C. AcpaTHH (IY39), I-I. K. J1blceHI<OB (1939) II r. (f), I1nanoB
(1952) .
nOC.le Toro KaK J{e KacTpo BbIcTynHJI B JIIITepaType co CBoeH
KOHl{enUlleil 0 xeMopeuemopHoii CPYHKUIIH KapOTlIJ].Horo «rJIOMyca»,
n03HHKJlO II nTopoe HanpaBJleHHe HCCJleJJ:onaHlIii, CTpeMHU{eeCH pac-
npoCTpaHHTb cnoc06uoCTb K CneUHaJlbHOH xeMopeuenUHI1 Ha B03-
1\I0)!{HO 60Jlbillee lll1CJIO xpoMacpl!JIIIIHhlX opraHoB II BbIJIHBllleeCSl
B KOHue KOHlJ,OB B Y'leHHe 0 npoC1'paHcTBeHHoH OrpaHl1lJeHHOCTH co-
CY;J.IICTbIX xeMopeuem'opoB «rJlOMycal\lll», pacnOJlO)!{eHHbIMI1 fJIaB-
Hbnt 06pa30M B KapoTHJJ:HOH II cepJJ:elJHO-aOpTaJlbHOH 06J1aCTSlx.
.3TO HanpaBJleHl1e, HecMoTpH Ha I{eJlbIii pHil. ueHHbIX cpaKTOB 1I3 06-
.1aCTlI IIHHepBaUHlI TaK Ha3bIBaeMblX pecpJleKCOreHubIx COCYJl.IICTblX
30H, nplIBeJlO no cYllJ,eCTBy K cOBpeMeHHoMY KpHTHlJeCKoMY co-
CTOHHIIIO nonpoca 0 xeMOpelJ,enUlIH.
B HaCTOHllJ,I1H MOMeHT <}JaKTbI He YKJlaJl.blBaIOTCH B Y3KHe paMKH
COBpellleHHoiI TeopllH 0 naJllilJl1I1 xeMopeuenTopOB COCYJl.OB TOJIbKO
B CIlHOKapOTlIJJ:nOH 11 KapJl.HO-aopTaJlbHbIX 06J1aCT5IX KpOBeHOCHOH
ClICTe:\lbI. C OJJ:IIOH CTOpOHbl, nO;J.TBep)!{JJ:eHa II nOJlY'iHJla HOBbIe
1 BTopoe IW3BaIme naparallr.1I10HaplibIX K.1eToK, OTpa>KaloUJee IIX
c neUIlq,II'1eCKOe CpO.l\CTBO K nOJlYTopaXJlOpllCTOMY >KeJle3Y.
14 T. A. rpllrophcB3
209
)J.OKa3aTeJIbCTB3 H3BeCTH3f1 co BpeMeH Xerepa (1887), D. lO. Kay£p-
MaHa (1912) 11 O)J.epMaTa (1922) xeIllOpeuemopHafl cnoc06HoCTb Ka-
nHJIJIflpHoro PYCJI3 (B. H. 4epHlIfoBcKllii, 1 43, 1947), OCHO-
B3HHafl H3 0611JILHOH lJYBcTBIITeJILHOH HlIHCpB3UHH KanHJIJIHpOB
(T. A. fpHropbeBa, 1951a). C )J.pyroH CTOpOllbl, HaKOnIlJIOCb MHoro
£paKToB, OTPHUalOllI.HX CneUHaJIbHOe xeMopeuemoplloe 3HalJeHI1e
)J.JIfI opraHH3!1la KapoTlI)J.HblX H Kap)J.Ho-aopTaJIbHbIX TeJI (LlaHlIeJIO-
nOJIY C COTpy)J.HlIKaMII, 1932; Bernthal, Green a. Revzin, 1951;
r. .I1BaHoB, 1952). I-lal<OHeu., Bce 60.'Ibllle H UOJIbllle 06HapY>KlIBaeT-
CSl )J.aHHbIX 0 CTPYKTypHOM TO}!{)J.eCTBe, O)J.IIHaKOBOCTII BacKYJIHpH3a-
llHH 11 HlIHepBallllH KapoTlI)J.HblX H l<ap)J.llo-aOpTaJIbHbIX TeJI II JIlOObIX
)J.pymx YlJaCTKOB naparaHrJIlIOHapHoH CHCTeMbl.
Y}!{e BCKope nOCJIe ony6JIHKOBaHHSl IICCJle)J.oBaHuH )J.e KacTpo
CYH ep-DJI3ccMaH (1930) rOBOpllJI, lJTO H3 OCHOBaHlIll MOp£pOJIOrH-
lJecKHX )J.3HHbIX KapOTlI)J.HbIH «rJIOMYC» HeJIb3Sl ClJHTaTb OTBeTCTBeH-
HblM 33 CI1HYCHblH pe£pJIeKC.
O)J.HaKO MHJIKY (Mikoll, 1930), H3YlJUB K3pOTI1)J.Hble TeJIa y lJeJIO-
BeKa, 06e3bHHbl, C063KU, JlOllla)J.H, 6b1K3, KOlllKl1, KpOJll1Ka, KpblCbl
H JIHrYlllKH nYTeM cpaBHeHHH HX C M03rOBbiM Belll.eCTBOM Ha)J.nOlJelJ-
HHK3 H 6plOlllHbiM napar3HrJIHeM H He 06HapY}!{HB xpoMaqxtmHHO-
CTH KJIeTOK «KapOTH HbIX raHrJIHeB», Bb1CI<a3aJICfI npOTIIB H)J.eHTllqm-
K311HH HX C naparaHrJIHflMlI. MlIJIKY npeHe6per lII1lelOllI.HMlICfI )')Ke
B JIHTepaType YKa3aHHflMlI, lJTO y Bcex 06C.le)J.OBaHHbIX 11M >KHBOT-
HblX KJIeTKH KapOTH)J.HbIX TeJI MorYT 6bl1'b II xpoMa£P4mHHbIMlI, paBHO
KaK 11 CBOHMH c06CTBeHHbiMlI )J.3HHbIMH O1'HOClI1'eJIbHO 0)J.IIH3KOBoro
p3ClllHpHlOllI.ero 3palJOK )J.eikTBHfI 3KCTpaK1'a «Kap01'II HOro raHr-
JIHSl» H M03r080ro BCllI.eC1'Ba Ha)J.nO<lelJHlIKa.
C 31'oro npll6JIH3111'eJIbHO BpeMeHH 3aTlIxae1' HH1'epec HCCJIe)].OBa-
TeJIeH K naparallrJIlIOllapHOH TKaHII UplOlllHOii nOJIOCTII H Bce BHHMa-
HHe HX cocpe)J.OTOlJHB3eTCfI Ha K3pOTIl)J.HOM H aOpTaJIbHblX TeJIax.
D05IBJIHeTC5I 60JIbillOe KOJIIIlJeCTBO pa60T, nOCBHllI.ellllblX H3Y<leHlIlO
o6ll1.ero CTpoeHHH, 1'OIlKOH llHTOJlOrlm, KpOlJOCHa6}!{ellHfI, mlliepBa-
llHll II pa3BllTlIfI 3TUX 06pa30B3HUH. BblCKa3bIBaeTCfI MHOro Teopllii
OTHOCllTeJIbHO MexaH1I3Ma )J.eHCTBlISl IJ £pYHhUHOHaJILHOrO 3HalJeHlI5I
HX )J.JISl opraHH3Ma.
bJIarO)J.apfl 3TOMY CllJlbHO paClllllpllJICfI Kpyr £paKTlI<leCKI1X CBe,J,e-
HHH no OTHOllleHHlO K KapOTH)J.llbIM II aOpTaJILHbIM TeJIaM. CTaJIO 113-
BeCTHO, lJTO TaKafl >Ke, KaK H B l<apOTlI)J.1I0M TeJIe, TKaHb lllllpOKO
npe)J.CTaBJIeHa B 06JIaCTH BceH lllell. B TOJIllI.e napalll.lITOBll)J.HblX >KeJIe3.
PH)J.OM C gangl. nodosum H OhOJIO a. carotis comm. ee 06Hap)'>KIIJI y
mill! MypaTOpll (1932), a y lJeJIOneKa YalIT (White, 1935). CeToc co-
TPY)J.HHK3MH (Seto, Jamamoto a. Fuj ii, 1950) OnIlCaJIH ee B caMOM
gangl. nodosum. MeHJIHHr (Meiyling, 1938) OTMeTHJI. 'ITa y JIOllla)J.1I
«r JIOMYC» He npe)J.CTaBJIHeT 06oco6JIelIlIoro opraHa, HO B BlI)J.e rJIO-
MYCHOH TK3HH p3cceHH Me}!{)J.y HapY}!{lloii 11 BHYTpelmeH COHlIbli\HI ap-
Tepl1f1MII 11 B CTeHKe KapOTl'ID.Horo cUllyca. DocJIe.D.Hee nO)J.TBep)J.llJI II
ll,IlMMepMaH (1941). Y JIOllIa)J.ll }!{e 06Hapy}!{eHO 60JIbillOe KOJIlllJeCTBO
rJIOMycHOH TKaHH, B1<JIlOlJeHHOH B HepBHble CTBOJIbl OKOJIO KapoTIlJ].-
210
Hora TeJIa (Boissezon, 1944)..Qe KaCTpo (1951) TaK}!{e YKa3bIBaeT, 'ITO
xapaKTepHbIe )J.JISI KapoTH)J.Hora TeJIa KJIeTKH Y 'IeJIOBeKa H MJIeKO-
nHTalOllJ,HX JIe}!{aT B CTeHKe KapoTH)J.Horo cHHyca, B nperaHrJIHOHap-
HOM CTBOJIe lllcHHoro CIIMnaTH'ICCKOrO HepBa, B nOC1TaHrJIHOHapHbIX
BeTBSIX gangl. cervicale superior Ii B 6JIY}!{)J.alOllJ,eM HepBe..Qa KocTa
(da Costa, 1934/1935), I1CCJIe)J.ySI naparaHrJIHOHapHYlO cHcTeMY
JIeTY'IHX MbIllleH, OnHCaJI orpoMHble CKOnJIeHHSI xpoMaQxtmHHblx KJIe-
TOK Ha lllee. Ha060pOT, EeTTeHI{YP (Bettencourt, 1933), npOCJIe)J.HB
KapoTH)J.Hoe TeJIO KOlllKH B 3M6pHoreHe3e 11 Y B3pOCJIOro }!{HBOTHOro,
HH pa3Y He 06HapY}!{HJI xpOMaqxpl1HHOH peaKLI.HH ero KJIeTOK. X pO-
Maqxp11HHOCTb KapOTI1)J.Horo TeJIa OTpl1UaJIH Apro H Eyacce30H
(Argaud, 1938) H Eyacce30H (1941, 1942), COrJIaCHbIe C )J.e KaCTpo
B TOM, 'ITO }!{eJITOBaTOe OKpalllHBaHl1e KJIeTOK 3Toro opraHa OT )J.eH-
CTBI1f1 paCTBopOB XpOMOBbIX COJIeH 3aBHCI1T OT cO)J.ep}!{allJ,eracSI B HI1X
JIeUI1TI1Ha. PaBHblM 06pa30M OTpHuaeT xpOMaqxpHHHOCTb KapOTHJ].-
Hora Te.rIa 11 XOJIJIHHllll1)J. (1940c), C'IHTalOIlJ,HH ero «KOMnJIeKCOM
HeHpOCOCY)J.HCTbIX CTPYKTYP». .Qa KOCTa (1940b) paccMaTpHBaeT Kapo-
TH)J.Hoe TeJIO KaK cMelllaHHbIH naparaHrJIHH, a pa3HYlO xpoMacfJcp11H-
HOCTb ero KJIeTOK C'II1TaeT BbIpa}!{eHl1eM HX pa3Horo cpYHKLI.110HaJIb-
Hora COCTOSIHI1SI 11 OCnapl1BaeT TO'IKy 3peHHH MeHJI11Hra (1938)
H MapTI1Heua (Martinez, 1939, 1940), 06HapY}!{I1Blll11X B KJIeTKaX
KapOTH)J.Horo «rJIOMyca» HeHpocpl16p11JIJIbI 11 BellJ,eCTBO H11CCJISI H YT-
Bep}!{)J.alOIlJ,I1X, LITO «rJIOMYC» 06pa30BaH HepBHbIMH KJIeTKaMH.
XOJIJII1Hllll1)J. (1942), I1CCJIe)J.YSI KapOT11)J.Hoe TeJIO LI.HTOJIOrH'Ie-
CKHMI1 MeTO)J.aMI1, onl1caJI B ero KJIeTKaX MHOrOLIHCJIeHHbIe MI1TOXOH)J.-
pl1l1 H TaKHe }!{e MHOrO'I11CJIeHHbIe MeJIKl1e, KpaCflllJ,l1eCSI HeHTpaJIb-
HbIM KpacHbIM rpaHYJIbI, a 3aTeM (1943) nOKa3aJI, 'ITO KJIeTKI1 3TH
He 06JIa)J.alOT HH HeHpocp116p11JIJIaMH, HI1 BellJ,eCTBOM HHCCJISI H He
cOjJ:ep}!{aT HH )Kl1pa, HH XOJIeCTepOJIa, HH rJII1KOreHa.
PaClllHpHJIHCb TaK}!{e CBe)J.eHHSI 11 B OTHOllleHHH COCY)J.11CToro
cHa6}!{eHl1SI KapOTI1)J.Horo TeJIa. KaK H B npe}!{Hee BpeMSI, Bce aBTopbI
COrJIaCHbl B TOM, 'ITO CYllJ,eCTByeT 0611JIbHaSI BaCKYJIflpH3aLI.HSI 3TOro
opraHa. 0 TOM, 'ITO Ka}!{)J.a5I )J.OJIbKa ero HMeeT CBOM COCY)J., rOBop11T
Yaih (1935). 0 TOHKOCTeHHbIX Kan11JIJIflpHbIX cHHycoH)J.ax, K 3H-
)J.OTeJIHlO KOTOpbIX npHJIe)!{aT «rJIOMycHbIe» KJIeTKI1, ynoMI1HalOT XOJI-
JIHHlllH)J. (1942), .Qpl1nnc 11 KOMpoe (Dripps a. Comroe, 1944), XaH-
COH ( Hanson, 1946), H. r. CMl1pHOBa (1948),)J.e KaCTpo (1951).
Eyacce30H (1943, 1944) 11 )J.e Kanpo (1951) onHCbIBalOT B KapoT11J].-
HOM TeJIe apTepl10-BeH03HbIe a HaCTOM03bI.
flO'ITI1 Bce, TaK I1JIH HHa'Ie npHLJaCTHble K I1CCJIe)J.OBaHHSIM Kapo-
TlI)J.Horo TeJIa, KaCaJOTCH Bonpoca 06 ero I1HHepBaLI.HH. O)J.HaKo HI1KTO
He nOBTOpHJI 3KCnepI1MCHTa)J.e KaCTpo (1929). .vb on11CaTeJIbHbIX pa-
60T SIBcTByeT, 'ITO KapOTHjJ:Hoe TeJIO nOJIYLJaeT MHOrOLJHCJIeHHble MSI-
KOTHbIe 11 6e3MflKOTHble HepBHble BOJIOKHa (MypaTOpn, 1932; YaiiT,
1935; Eyacce30H, 1944; A. A. CMl1pHOB, 1945; n. 11. aJIHH, 1948;
H. r. Cr.lllpHOBa, 1948), 'ITO B HeM BCTpeLJalOTCSI MaJIeHbKHe CHMn3-
TH'IeCKHe raHrJIHI1 (Eyacce30H, 1944), 'ITO HepBHble BOJIOKH3 BeTBSI"I'-
CSI cpe)J.H ero KJIeTOK (X OJIJIHHIIII1)J., 1942;; A. A. CMHpHOB, 1945;
14* 211
H. r. CMl1pHOBa, 1948; JI. YI. <P3miH, 1948) [I 'lTO C3MII KJleTKII IIH-
TI1MHeiiIlll1M 06pa30M CBfl3aHbI C HepBHbIMI1 BOJlOl<HaMI1, KOTopble
06pa3YlOT Ha II1[X OKOH'laHllfI (XaHcoH, 1946; H. r. OvmpHoBa, 1948;
n. YI. <paJlI1H, 1948).
.Qa KOCTa (1940b) Ha OCHOBaHIIH H3Y'leHiHI 3M6pllOHaJlbHOrO Ma-
TepHaJla YTBCp}!{JJ,aeT, 'lTO B I1HHCpBaUl111 KapoTHJJ,Horo TCJla npl1HII-
MalOT YLIacTHe 'lepenHOM03roBble Ii CIIMnaTI11JeCKHe HepBbI; T. C. YIcTa-
MaHOBa (1940), IICCJleJJ,YfI H:apomJJ,Hblc TeJl3 nom6wlix OT pa3J1H'lHbIX
3a60JleBaHl1l1 mOJJ,cH, ynoMHHaeT 0 CIlMnaTII'leCKliX OKOH'laHIIHX Ha
ero KJleTKaX, a B. H. flOH0:\l3peBa (1946), nOJlb30BaBwaflCH B cBoeii
pa6oTe, KaK H JJ,a KocTa, 3M6pllOHaJlbHbIM MaTCpIlaJlOM, YI{a3blBaeT,
'lTO HHHepBaulIH KapOTHJJ,Horo TeJla oCYLLJ;eCTBJlfleTCfI 'lYBcTBIITeJlb-
HbIMH BOJlOI<HaMII, CIIMnaTI1'leCKlle )!{C I1MCIOT OTHOWeHl1e TOJlbKO
K cocYJJ,aM.
BeTTeHKYP (1939) nOBTOpfleT CTapYIO nepcmo .3J1J1IIOTa (1913)
H rOBopHT 06 HHHepBaUHI1 XpOMa(pq,IIHHbIX KJleTOK K3pOTI1jJ:Horo
TeJla nperaHrJlIIOHapHbIMI1 CIlMnaTII'lCCI<JIMII BOJlOKHaMlI, a Byacce-
30H (1943) OTMe'laeT 'lYBcTBIITeJlbHYlo II JJ,nllraTe.lIbHYIO IiHHepnaulilO
COKpaTHMblx YTOJlLLJ;eHHii tunica media ero COCYJJ,OB.
B OTHOWeHHI1 pa3BliTHfI KapOTI1JJ,Horo TeJl3 Hall60Jlce CYLLJ;eCT-
BCHHbIMIi HBJlflIOTCH pa60TbI lllBapu-KapCTeHa (Schwarz-Karsten,
1944) Ii B. H. floHoMapeBoH (1946). 06a 3TH aBTopa YKa3bIBalOT Ha
Hf'HpaJlbHOC npOliCXO}!{JJ,eHlle opraHa. lllnapu-KapcTeH liCCJle)J.OBaJl
3\16pHOreHe3 KapoTHJJ,Horo naparaHr"lHfI Y CBIIHbIl II C)J.eJlaJI BbIBOJJ"
'lTO nOCJleJJ,HHH B03HIIKaCT H3 I{JleTOK, npliwcJJ,wlIX C HepBaMIi. Ta-
Klie }!{e KJleTKH 06HapY)!<HBaIOTCfI B 06J1aCTIl CIIMnaTH'leCI<HX BeTBeH
Ii BeTBeH: IX 11 X LIepenHoM03roBbIx HepBon B cepJJ,ue, MC}!{JJ,Y Tpaxeeii
H nHLLJ;eBO)J.OM, B caMOM nllLLJ;CBOjJ:C II B 60JlbWHX 6poHxax. B 06J1aCTII
CHMnaTI1LIeCKOro HepBa H B cepJJ,uc, no Ha6JII0.neHllfI'd aBTopa, 113
3THX KJleTOK pa3Bli13aJlIICb Ii HeHpOHbl. flo cYLLJ;ecTI3Y lllBapu-KapCTeH
nOJJ,TBepJJ,lIJ1 IIMeBWl1eCfI Y}!{C JJ,O Hcro Ha6moJJ,eHllfI JJ,a KOCTa
(1934/1935), BOH)J.a (Boyd, 1934/1935) H Apro H Byacce30Ha (1940).
YIJJ,a KOCTa. H BOHJJ, (ero Ha6J1IOJJ,eHI1H KaCaJlHCb pa3BI1THfI KapoTHJJ,-
HOro TeJla y 'IeJlOBeKa), 11 Apro, H Byacce30H OTMe'laJlI1 liHTHMHoe Y'la-
CTl1e HepBHblx 3J1eMeHTOB B 06pa30BaHlHl KapoTHJJ,Horo TeJla, OJJ,HaKO
C'IHTaJll1, KaK If cTapbIe aBTopbI, 'lTO HepBHbIe KJleTKI1 npllxoJJ,HT B y)!{e
06pa30BaBllIYlOcH Me3eHXI1i\UlYlO 3aKJlaJJ,KY. lllBapn- KapCTeH nOKa-
3aJl, 'ITO nepBOHCTO'lHI1KOM JJ,JlH B03HI1KHOBeHHH KapoTHJJ,Horo TeJla
HBJlHlOTCH HMeHHO HeHp06J1aCTw.
113 pa60TbI B. H. floHoMapeBoii (1946) CJleJJ,yeT, 'ITO KJleTKH Ka-
pOTH)J.Horo TeJla 60Jlee 6mi3KII no npOIlCXO}!{JJ,eHHlO K 3J1eMeHTaM
tJlHH, 'IeM K HeiipoHaM.
Ka}!{JJ,bIH H3 HCCJleJJ,OBaBllIHX KapoTHJJ,Hoe TeJlO CLIHTaJl .nOJlrOM
BbICKa3aTb CBOlO c06cTBeHHYlO KOHuenUHlO 0 CyuI.HOCTIl II 4>YHKUHO-
HaJlbROM 3Ha'IeHHH 3Toro opraHa.
MypaTopH (1932, 1932/1933), H. K. JIblceHKoB (1939) H lI.I1M-
MepMaH (1941) C'IHTalOT ero 06bl'IHbIM naparaHrJlHeM, nocTpOeHHblM
H3 xpoMa$PHHHbIX KJleTOK H Bbl)J.eJlHIOLLJ;HM a.npeHaJlHH.
212
BHHlIB3pTep (1934), OTHOCH KapOTH.LI.HYIO )KeJIe3Y K napar3HfJIH-
HM, KOTOpblX Ha wee MHoro, npHnHcbIBaeT eMY OTmi'lHYIO OT OOblLIHbIX
naparaHrJIlIeB 4>YHKUHlO, npeBparn.alorn;ylO ero B .LI.enpeCCopHblH op-
raH. PaBHbIM 06pa30M II focec (Gosses, 1937) Ha3bIBaeT K3pOTH.LI.-
HbIiI «rJIOMYc» naparaHrJIHeM, lJYBCTBHTeJIbHbIM K H3MeHeHHHM KpOBH.
.Q3 KOCT3 3aHHMaeT cOBepweHHo HeOnpe.LI.eJIenHYIO n03HUHIO.
C O.LI.HOH CTOpOHbI, OH Ha3bIBaeT KapOTH.LI.HYIO }({CJIe3Y «3ar3.LI.O t IHbIM
06pa30BaHHeM», He nOXO}({HM H3 ,rJ:PyrHe MHOrOlJHCJIeHHbIe nap3raHr-
mm, p3CnOJIara10rn;HeOI H3 wce (1934/1935), C )J.PyroH CTOpOHbI,
CtHIT3eT HeBepoHTHbIM Bbl.LI.eJIeHHC elO 3uenlJIXOmm3, .LI.OnycKaeT
ee peuenTopHYIO 4>YHKUHlO (1940a) 11, H3KOHeu, OTHOCHT KapOTlI,rJ:Hoe
TeJIO K HaCTOHrn;HM naparalIrJIII5IM (l940b).
Eyacce30H (1943) corJIaWaeTC5I C lllYM3xepoM (1938), OTO}({.LI.eCT-
BJIfIIOrn;H!\1 l<apOnl.LI.HOe TeJIO C KO}({lIbIMII rJIOMYC3MU MacoH3 (1937),
T. e. C apTepHo-BclI03HblMI1 aH3CTOM03aMI1.
JIe}({e, Dappo H fJIcii (Leger, Parrot et Gley, 1947) lIa OCHOB3HI1H
06HJIbHOii BacKYJI5IpI133UIUI, TeClIoro OTHOWeHII5I KJIeTOK K KamlJI-
JISIpaM 11 HaJIHlJlIfI B KJIeTKaX MIIoroo6pa3IIbiX rpaHYJI 11 BaKYOJleH
ClJI1T31OT IWpoTH)J.Hoe TeJIO 3H.LI.OKpIlHlIbIM opranoM, BbIJJ.eJISI!Orn;HM
nmOTeH311BHOe Bern;eCTBO Tl1na nlCTaMHHa IlJIH auenIJIXOJIHII3.
3H)J.oKpmIHYlo 4>YHI<UHIO npl1nl1CbIBaeT eMY Ii CYH.LI.ep-DJIaCCM3H
(1933), HO B KatleCTBC Bern;eCTB3, Bbl.LI.eJIfleMOrO 11M, BblCTaBJISIeT rHno-
TeTlIlJeCKllii Cep.LI.elJHblH ropMOlI, 06pa3YIOrn;Hikfl npH CHHYCHOM pe4>-
JIeKCe II )J.eiiCTBYIOrn;lIli !<3K napaCHMnanII<YC. B 3TOM }({e CMblCJIe Bbl-
CKa3bIBaeTCSI KpHCTI1 (Christie, 1933a, b), Ha3bIBalOrn;nii B330.LI.e-
npeccopHoC Bern;eCTBO, o6HapY)KeHHOe HM B 3KCTpaKT3x H3 onyxoJIeii
KapOTlI.LI.HorO TCJIa lJeJIOBeKa, !<apOTI1.LI.lIHOM, H EeTTeHKYP (1939),
pa3)J.e.1]fIIOrn;lIii n3peHXI1MY l<apOTH.LI.HOrO TeJI3 Ha )J.Be rpynnbl KJIe-
TOK - rJIaBHble 11 xpoMa(!xIJllHlIble. rJIaBHble KJIeTKH Bblpa63TbIB31OT
BaroTponHoe Bern;eCTBO ueHTpaJILHorO .LI.eHCTBHH-OHO-TO H ocyrn;e-
CTBJISIeT CI1HycHble pe4>.1eKcbl; KJIeTKI1 BTOpoii rpynnbl-xpoMaqxpHH-
Hble-OTEeTCTBeHHbl 3a np0.LI.YKuHlO a)J.peHaJII1Ha. KpHCTl1, KpoMe
Toro, ClJlITaeT, lJTO 3.n.peHaJIHH Bblpa6aTbIBaeTCH KapOTH.LI.HbIM TeJIOM
HapH)J.y C KapOTH)J.lIHOM.
K KOHuem HII )J.e KaCTpo npIicoe)J.IIHfllOTcfI YaHT (1935), ClJHT31Q-
rn;ml KapOnl.LI.HOe TeJlO «rJlOMycoM»-xeMopeuenTopoM, KOHTPOJIH-
PYIOrn;HM COCTaB KpOBlI, Tel yrn;eii K M03ry, Mei'IJIHHr (1938), XOJI-
JllIHWII.LI. (1940c, 1941, 1942), npHIII1CbIB31Orn;HH .LI.a}({e 4>YKCHH04>lIJIb-
HblM rp3IIYJlaM KJIeTOK KapOTH.LI.IIOrO TeJla pOJlb B B03HI1KHOBeHlIH
xeMopeuemopHoro pe4>JleKCa, XaHcoH (1946) H H. r. CMHpHOB3
(1948).
Meiiep-ApeH.LI.T (Meyer-Arendt, 1947) YCMaTpl1BaeT OCHOBHoe
3HalJeHlIe KapOTH.LI.HOrO TeJla B TOM, LITO OHO flB.1]fleTCSI «PyJIeBbIM»
MeXaHH3i\IOM .LI.JIfI MHOrHX cOCy.n.HCTbIX 11 )J.bIX3TeJIbHbIX peq>JIeKCOB,
O)J.H3KO He OTpHuaeT 11 ero ceKpeTopHofl 4>YHKUHI1. Cnoco6HOCTb K ce-
KpeUllH npl13HaeT 11 H. r. Cr.mpHoB3 (1948), 1I0 CTaBHT 3TO cBoiicTBO
KapOnl.LI.HOrO TeJla lIa BTopoe MeCTO nOCJIe cnoco6HoCTlI ero K xeMope-
uenUHII.
213
Bbillie OblJlO YKa3aHO, 'lTO Y:>Ke BO BpeMeHa KOHa OblJlO 113BeCTHO,
'lTO XpOMaqxpliHHa51 naparaHrJlliOHapHa51 TKaHb liMeeTCfI Ii B rpy.n.-
HOH nOJlOCTli. OHa pacnOJlaraeTC51 BJJ.OJlb CliMnaTliLIeCKOH u.enO'lKll,
TflrOTefl K ee Y3J1aM. Oc06eHHO :>Ke 06IiJlhHO OHa npeJICTaBJleHa B 06-
JlaCTli cpe.n.ocTeHlifl, r.n.e 06pa3yeT MOIIJ.Hble CKOnJlCHlIH :\le:>K.n.y npe.n.-
cepJJ.llHMll H 60Jlbllllii\1H cocy.n.aMIl (K03e, 1902, 1907), B.n.OJlb JleBoH
KopoHapHoH apTepIiIi (BI13eJlb, 1902, 1906) li BepXHlOIO Ii Hli:>KIUOJO
rpynnbl HaJJ.cep.n.eLIHblx naparaHrJll1eB MC:>KJIY .n.yroii aopTbl li Jlero'l-
HOH apTepl1eH li Me:>KJJ.Y nOCJIeJIHeH li BOCXOJIflIIJ.eii aopTOH.
HecoMHeHHo, 'lTO 3Ta TKaHb 6blJla Onl1CaHa 11 f1eHI1'lKa (1931),
KOTOpblH Ha3BaJl ee CKOnJleHIi51 no.n. .n.yroH aopTbl- «paraganglion
aorticum supracardiale». fleHI1'lKa nOJJ.'lepKYJI, LITO Ha.n.cepJJ.eLIHblrl
aOpTaJlbHblH napar31-IrJllfH no CBOIiM oc06eHHOCT5IM COBna,'laeT C Kapo-
TIi.n.HbIM naparaHrJll1eM, TaK :>Ke KaK li 3TOT nOCJlc.n.HI1H 06J1a.n.aeT Ma-
JlOrl xpOi\1aqxpm-IHOCTbJO, 'leM li OTJlli'laCTCSI OT 06bl'lHbIX, Bbl.n.eJlHJO-
IIJ.liX aJIpeHaJlIiH naparaHrJlIieB. fleHI1LIKa He npli.n.aJl 3Ha'leHI1f1 3a-
MeLIaHliJO K03e (1902, 1907) 0 TOM, LITO pa3Ha5I CTeneHb XpOi\13qxpllH-
Hocni naparaHrJlliOHapHblX KJleTOK OKOJlOCep.n.e'lHOii 06J1aCTIi 3aBH-
CliT OT HX .pYHKu.liOHaJlLHOrO COCTOSIHII5I.
HaOJlJO;J:eHI1SI f1eHliLIKa 6blJlli paCI11l1peHbi MypaTopli (1932/
1933, 1935), oOHapY:>KliBIllI1M naparaHrJll10HapHYJO TKaHb B CTBOJle
oJlY:>KJJ.aJOIIJ.ero HepBa B 06J1aCTIf pa3BeTBJleHliii aOpTaJlbHOrO JJ.enpec-
copa, HaJJ. aopTOH li Me:>K.n.y aopTOH Ii JleroLIHoH apTepl1eH, rJIe
3Ta TKaHb nJlaCTaMli COnpOBO:>K.n.aeT Bce I1.n.YIIJ.lie 3JIeCb HepBb\.
MypaTopli He COMHeBaJlCSI B xpOMaqxpmmOCTIi 3TOH TKaHI1.
Oco6eHHO nOJJ.p06HO naparaHrJlIili 06J1aCTIi cep.n.u.a OnIlCaHbI flaJlb-
Me (1934). I1ccJleJIoBaHlie f1aJlbMe u.eIIHO Tei\I, LITO OHO KacaeTCfI LIe-
JlOBeKa- flaJlbMe H3YLII1J1 oKoJlocepJJ.eLIHYIO 06J1aCTb y 3M6p110Ha, y
HOBOpO:>K.n.eHHoro, y pe6eHKa li y B3pOCJlbiX JlJO.n.eH. PaBHblM 06pa-
30M 3aCJlY:>KliBaeT BHI1MaHliSI TO 06CTOflTeJlbCTBO, 'lTO f1aJlbMf' npliMe-
HSIJI cepliHHble cpe3bl li pa3Ho06pa3Hble MeTo.n.liKI1 .n.JlSI 06pa60TKIf
CBOliX 06'beKTOB.
flpe:>KJJ.e Bcero f1aJlbMe YCTaHOBliJl, LITO naparaHrJll10napHafl
TKaHb OKOJlOCep.n.e'lHOH OOJlaCTI1 LIeJlOBeKa pacna.n.aeTCSI Ha .n.Be 60Jlb-
Illl1e rpynnbl: paraganglion aorticum supracardiale 11 paragang-
lion aorticum infracardiale. f1epBblrl pacnOJlaraeTCSI no.n. .n.yroii
aopTbl, BTOpOH - Ha.n. MeCTOM OTXO)!{.n.eHlifl JleBoii KopOHapHoH apTe-
pl1li. KpOMe TOro, f1aJlhMe 06HapY:>KliJl MHoro naparaHrJllieB OKOJlO
HepBOB H raHrJl11eB B 06J1aCTI1 JJ.ym aopTbl li ee 60JlbIllIiX BeTBeH 11
B HepBHblX CnJleTeHI1SIX Me:>KJJ.Y aopToii H JlerOLIHOH apTeplieii. HHorJJ.a
KOJlli'leCTBO nOCJle.n.HliX HaCTOJlbKO BeJlI1KO, LITO OHli 6YKBaJlbHO Ha-
CblIIJ.alOT npOCTpaHCTBO Me:>KJJ.y 3THMl1 cOCy.n.aMli. f1aJlbMe 06Hap}':>KliJl,
[ITO Bce naparaHrJllili 06J1aCTli 'leJlOBeLIeCKoro cepJIu.a xpOMaqxpliHHbI,
npli'leM Hli:>KHHe liX rpynnbI cOJJ.ep:>KaT 60JlbIlle XpOi\13qxpliHHbIX KJle-
TOK, 'IeM BepXHlie.
I1HrepecHo OTMeTI1Tb, LITO f1aJlbMe no.n.TBcp.n.IiJl CTapble HaOJlJO.n.e-
HliSI 0 TOM, 'ITO xpOMaqxpl1HHble KJleTKI1 06bl'lHO 11 apreHTaqxpl1HHbl,
OTMeTliB, 'lTO npli:06paOOTKe COJl51Mli cepe6pa KJleTKli OKOJlocepJJ.e'I-
14
HbIX naparaHrJlHeB OOlIapY}KllBaIOT OTpOCTLJaTOCTb II LJepHble 3epHa
B CBOell nporonJla3Me.
Kpo!\-fe Cep.z:teLIHbIX naparaHrJlHeB 'IeJlOBeKa, naJlbMe 113Y'IHJI TaKO-
BbIE' y KOIllKH, KpblCbl, 51I11.CpHUbl H 'IepenaXH. Y BCeX 3TIIX }!{HBOTHbIX
OKO:IOCep.ne'IHaH 06J1aCTb 60raTa XpOMa(j:>qJHHHbIMH KJleTKaMH, KO-
TOpble Be3.n.e paCnOJlaraIOTCH B HCnOCpe.z:tCTBeHH0I1 6J1H30CTH K HepB-
HbI f Y3.1a 1 H HepBHbI\1 CTBOJl3M. Y nTHU, Y KOTOpblX .z:tyra KapOTH.z:t
J1e>KHT Henocpe.z:tCTBeHHO HaJJ: .z:tyroH aopTbl, naparaHrJlHH (KapOTH)J,-
Hble, aOpTaJlLllble H CBH3allllLIe C J1ero'IHOH apTepHeH) CJlHBaJOTCH
B 06111.IIe MaCCbI, B KOTOpbIX cpaBHHTeJlbHO MaJlO xpOMa(j:>cjJHHHbIX KJle-
TOK. Y Hl11.epHUbI H 'IepCnaXH xpOMa(j:>cjJHlIIIa51 H O.z:tHOBpeMeHHO apreH-
Ta(j:>(j:>HHHaH TKaHb paCnOJl3raeTCH Ha 60JlbIllHX }!{a6epHblX apTepHHX.
rIpH6.TJH3HTeJlbHO B 31'0 }!{e BpeMH HOHHJJ.eu (1935c) H .z:ta KOCTa
(1936a, b) OnHCaJlII naparaHrJlHOHapHbIe 06pa30BaHHH B 06J1aCTH
cep.n.ua c06aKH II J1eTY'IeH MbIIllII. HOI-IH.z:teu 06HapY}!{HJI xpoMa(j:>-
(j:>1II-I1IbIe 06pa30BaHIIH, KOropblC OH cpaBIIHBaeT C Ha.n.nO'Ie'IHHKOM
II opraHOM IJ,YKepKaHJ1.J151, pacnOJlO}!{eHHbIP B.z:tOJlb BeTBcH nn. dep-
ressores, - cnpaBa MC}K11.Y a. subclavia Ii a. camtis communis, CJleBa
Ha;J. aopToH, y OCHOBaHHH a. subclavia sinistra.
Tmwe }!{e xpoMa(j:>cjJHHHble KJleTKH HOHHJJ:eu 06HapY}!{HJI H B ca-
MHX nn. depressores. Bce xpoMa(j:>cjJHHHble KJleTKH, 06pa3YlOI11.He
3TH CKOnJleHlIH, 06J1a,7J.aIOT O.z:tHOBpe feHHO H apreHTa(j:>cjJHHHOCTbIO.
Y J1eTY'IHX MbIIllCH J1.a KOCTa (1936a) OTMe1JaeT orpOMHoe 06HJlHe
xpmm(j:>cjJlIHHoH naparaHrJlHOHapHoH TKaHII B IlleHHo-rpY.z:tHoH
06,1acTH, r.z:te OHa 06pa3yeT CnJlOIllHbIe MaCCbI Ha ypOBHe gang!.
cervicale sup. H gang!. stellatum, coe.z:tHHeHHbIe TH}!{aMH naparaH-
r.TJIIOHapHblx KJleTOK MC}!{JJ.Y c060H H C xpoMa(j:>cjJHHHoH TKaHblO
6plOIllHOii nOJlOCTII. Y OCHOBaHHH cep.z:tua, B6J1H3H aopTbl H J1ero'I-
HOrl apTcpllH, OKO.l0 3aBe11.0 1O CIIMnaTH'IeCKIIX Y3J10B .z:ta KocTa
(l936b) onHCblBaeT nocroHHHbIe napa raHrJlHH, 'IaCTb KJleTOK
KOTOpbIX He 06J1aJJ.aeT xpOMa$j:JHHHOCTbIO, 'ITO OH 06'bSICHHeT He-
O.z:tHHaKOBOH CTeneHbIO .z:tH(j:>epeHuHpOBaHHOCTH KJleTOK. .D.a KOCTa
(1940a, b) OTMe'IaeT, 'ITO KapoTH.z:tHble reJla COCTOSIT H3 TaKHX }!{e
xpoMa$j:JHHHblX KJleTOK, KaK H cep.z:te'IHbIe naparaHrJlHH. XpoMacp-
(j:>HHHbIe naparaHrJlHH OnHCaJl naHbe (1935) B cep.z:te'IHblX YIllKax.
YI MypaTopH (1935), H naJlbMe (1934), H HOHH.z:teu (1935c),
H CeTo (1935) no.z:t'IepKHBaIOT B CBOHX HCCJle.z:tOBaHHSIX 06HJlbHOe KpO-
BOCHa6}!{eHHe OKOJlOCep.z:tetIHbIx naparaHrJlHeB H pacnOJlO}!{eHHe HX
KJleTOK HenOCpe11.CTBeHHo BOKpyr TOHKOCTeHHblX cocy.z:tOB (npeKa-
nIIJIJlSIpHblX aprepHOJl, KanHJlJlHpOB H BeH). naJlbMe C'IHTaeT, 'ITO ap-
TepH5I, nHTaIOl11.aSI BCpXHHH H HlDKHHH Ha.z:tcep.z:te'IHble naparaHrJlHH,
HB.TI5IeTCSI BeTO'IKOH J1ero'IHOH apTepHH. HOHH.z:teu, He COrJlaIllaSICb
C naJlbMe, .z:tOKa3b1BaeT, 'ITO OHa OTXO.z:tHT HJlH 01' .z:tyrH aopTbl, HJlH 01'
a. subclavia.
Bce, H3Y'IaIOI11.He cep.z:teLJHbIe naparaHrJlHH, OTMe'IalOT HX 60raT-
CTBO HepBaMH. MHKoTHbIe BOJlOKHa 06pa3YIOT CnJleTeHHSI, pacna-
.z:talOTCH Ha TepMIlHaJlH H OKOH'IaHHSI B BH.z:te KOJle'IeK HJlH MaJleHb-
KHX KOp3HHOK npSIMo Ha KJleTKax. neHH'IKa (1931) C'IHTaeT, 'ITO
215
B Cep.nelJHbIe naparaHrJIlHi BX0.nflT CMelllaHHbIe (CIiMnaTlIlJeCKlie II
lJepenHbIe) HepBbl, KOTOpble H 06BHBaJOT B KOHelJHOM HTOrC Ka}\{.nyJO
KJleTKY. HOHlI.neu (1935c) TOHKHe BOJlOI<Ha OTHOCHT K cOCy.nO.nBHra-
TeJlbHbIM. HaJIl1lJHe rallrJlll031lblX KJleTOK - 0.n1IIIO'lllbIX HJlII B
COCTaBe Y3J10B - pamlblM 06pa30M OTMelJCHO HCCJIC.nOBaTeJlflIlIII.
3TH CTOJlb COBna.naJOlll.lle B CBodl (paKTHlJeCKOfi lJaCTH .nallIlbIe Obl-
JlH, O.nHaKO, HCnOJlb30BaHbI aBTOpai\lII .nJlfl nOCTpOeHHSI pe3KO OTJ1H-
lJaJOIllJIXCfI .nPyr OT .npyra npe.nCTaBJlellllii 0 <PYHKUHOHa.'1bHOM 3HalJe-
HHH OKOJlOCep.nelJHbIX naparaHrJIlleB. f1eHlIlJKa (1931) .npweT,
lJTO paraganglion aorticum supracardiale, pacnoJlO>Kel-!llbIii B 30He
pa3BeTBJleHHH llYBcTBHTeJlbHblX HepBoB, B03..'leiicTBYfl lIa HIIX, BXO-
.nHT KOMnOllellTOM B MexaHB3M, perYJIl1pYIOIl lIi1 BUYTpHaopTaJlbHoe
')J.aBJleHHe. f1aJlbMe (1934) npHnIlCblBaeT naparaHrJlHSlM cnocooHoCTb
Bbl.neJlflTb BeILI.eCTBa, MCCTIIO BJlHflIOUlJIC lIa cnoco6uoCTb K B036y}\{-
.neHBJO O!{ppKaJOILI.HX HepBoB. CeTO (1935) paccMaTpllBaeT naparaHr-
JlHii Me)!{.ny aopToii II JlerolJIIoii apTcplleii I\aK napaCH maTlllJeCKllii
3H)J.OKpHHHbIH opraH, 110 )J.onYCK3eT, lJTO peUllnllellT aOpTaJlbHOrO
pe4>JleKCa Jle)!{lIT He TOJlbKO B CTelIKe aopTbl, 110 II B naparaHrJllIlI.
HOHII)J.eu (1935c), CCblJlaflCL Ha HJI,CHTlIlJIIOCTb aOpTaJlbHOrO II
KapOTJI.nHoro «rJlOMycoB», npe.nnOJlaraeT IIa OCllOB3mlli .naHHbIX,
nOJlY'IeHHbIX no OTHOlllellHJO K glomus caroticum Ha.1II'IIIC xe lOpe-
uemopHoH 4>YHKumi H y glomus aorticum.
TaKHM 06pa30M, HY)!(HO OTMeTlfTb, 'ITO B 3TOT nepIIo.n IICCJle.nOB3-
TeJlIi, B3f1BIllIieCfI 3a nepecMoTp BonpocoB 0 3HalJellIill Cl<onJleHllii
xpoMaq](pIiHHblX KJleTOK B6J1Ii3H cep.nua, pe3I<O p330lllJIIICL B onpelJ,e-
JleHHH IIX 4>YHKUHoHaJlbHoro 3HalJeHIIfI. TaK)!{e uY)!{IJO OTMeTlITL,
lJTO BblCKa3bIBaHHfI OTHOCHTeJlLIIO xe lOpeu('nTOpHoii po..lII 3TIIX xpo-
MaqxtmHHbIX naparaHrJlIieB c.neJlaHbl Ha OCHOBaHlUl npe.nCTaBJleHHii,
B03HIiKIllHX y lJaCTH HCCJle.nOBaTCJleH nocJle paGoT .ne KaCTpo
(1926, 1929) II XeilMaHca (1933).
B )J.aJlbHeHllleM HOIm.neu (1937b) lIa3BaJl aOpT3J1LHbIC naparaHr-.
JlIiIi 3nIiTeJlIiOH)J.HbIMII TeJlaMH H no.nTBep.nlfJI, lJTO IIX KJleTKII pac-
nOJlO}\{eHbl npflMO Ha 3H.nOTeJIlIII KamlJlJlflpOB, II Ha OCHOBaHHH MOp-
<PoJlom'IecKoii CYIlI.HOCTII 3THX opraHOB OTHec HX K lIeiipococy.nHCTbm
06pa30BaHHflM.
MypaTOpIi (1935 B 1937a,b) oGHapY)!{HJI, lJTO naparaHrJIliH Me}\{-
.ny aopTOH H JlerolJHOH apTeplleii Jle)!(aT pfl.nOM C HepBHblMlI Y3J1aMH.
3TO nO)J.TBep)J.HJI Ii HOIIII.neu (1937h), a A. LfepHflxoBCKIIfl (1938)
npocJle.nIiJl B 3M6pHorelle3e, KaK HepBHbIe BO.,lOKHa 113 n. depressor
OKaHlIIIBaJOTCfI KOJlelJKaMH Ha KJleTKaX aOpTaJlbHbIX naparaHr.1HeB.
XOJlJlIiHIllH.n (1939), cpaBHIIB pe3YJlbTaTbl ncpepe3KH 6J1Y}\{,1.aJO-
ILI.ero HepBa HH}\{e II Bblille gangl. nodosum II y.na..1eHHfI BepxHero
meHHoro CHMnaTWleCKoro Y3J1a II 06HapY}\{IIB, lJTO nepepe3Ka HepBa
HII}\{C gangl. nodosum BJlelleT 3a c060ii .nerellep3UHIo HepBHoro cnJle-
TeHHSI B aOpTaJlbHOM «rJloMyce» (ocTaloTcSI IIIlTaKTHblMH npll 3TOli
onepaUHH TOJlbKO 6e3MflKoTHble Ba30MOTopbl), npllllleJl K BblBO.ny,
[ITO aOpTaJlbHbIH «rJlOMYC» cHa6}\{eH MflKOTHblMII lJYBcTBHTeJlbHbl:\IIf
BOJlOKHaMH H3 gangJ. nodosum. 3TIiM OH npllcoe.nHlIHJlCfI K npe.n-
216
nOJIO}!{eHl1lO HOHI1)J,eUa (1 Y3G). B cJIe)J,Ylow.cu cBoeH pa60Te XOJIJII1H-
11111)J, (1940b) nO,'J.TBep)J,IIJI enoll I1a6JII0JJ:cHIIH, C)J,eJIaHHble B 1939 f.
.IlBa 06CT051TeJlbCTBa CJIY}!{lIJII1 OCHOBIlblM npcnHTCTBl1eM Ha nYTI1
OBJIaJI.CHII5I npOOJleMOH, KacaJow.eiic51 Cep.LI.ClJHbiX H KapOTI1.L1.IlblX napa-
faHfJll1eB. f1epBoe 3al<.TllOlJaJlOCb B Ha.1ll l IIIlI cpe)J,lI I1X xpoMaq)(jJI1H-
HblX K.TJeTOK lIIIOf)J,a 66.TJblllefO, HHor)J,a Mellbillero KOJll1lJeCTBa Hexpo-
MaqxpI1HHbIX, BTopoe - B pacnOJlO}!{elIIIII 3TIIX naparaHfJIl1eB B
06JIaCTlI pa3BeT13J1eHllii 3aBeJJ:OMO lJY13CTBlITCJlbIlbIX lIep130B-JJ.enpec-
COpHblX BeTBeif 6J1Y>K.LI.aJOW.IIX HepB013 II CHIIYCHblX BeTBeii H3bIKO-
f JlOTOlJHbIX.
OJJ.HaKo BMeCTO Toro l)TOOLI nYTe:\1 npo)J,YMaIlIlblx Ha6J110)J,eHl1ii II
HOBblX 3KcnepllMeHToB npeoJJ:OJlC13aTb TPYJJ.IlOCTlI, I1CCJle)J,OBaTeJII1
npe)J,nollJlH C03)J,aBaTb cncKYJlHTlIl3Hble IWIIUCnul1H 0 pom'! 3TI1X
naparaHfJlIfeB.
Ha6J110JI.eHI1H f1eHII l lI{3 (1931) 111\1.ypaTopu (1932-1937) OTHOCH-
TeJlbHO xpO!\1aqxpmlllbIx, HCXP0;\W(!XplIHlIbIX II CMt'lllaHHbIX YlJaCTIWB
B naparaHrJll10HapHOii ClICTCMe OKOJIOcepJJ:elIllblx 06JIaCTeH II )J,e Ka-
CTpO (1926, 1929) OTHOCI1TCJlbHO HexpoM<H.!:JlpmmOCTH KapOTI1)J,Horo
naparaHrJIHH 6b1JIlI lICilOJIb30Ballbl )J,JI51 nOCTpoeHlIH 3TlIX cneKYJlH-
TI1BHblX KOHUenUI1H B nepBYIO OlJepeJJ:b. f1pe}!{.ne BcefO C 3TI1MII He-
XpO!>1aqxpHHHbIMlI naparaHr;lIUJMlI 6blJlH CBf/3aHbl JJ.enpeccopHble
peqmeKcbl, Bbl3bIBaeMble pa3.npmKeIll1e:\1 lJYBCTBlITCJlbHblX HepBoB
aopTbl 11 OOJlaCTil pa3nCTBJIt:'IIlIH 06w.eii COHHOii apTepHI1, 113BeCHlble
co BpeMeH H. <I>. IJ,I1oIla (1866), <1>. HaBpouKoro (1870), f1arallo
(1900) 11 XepHHra (lY21). XO)J, Mblcneii B 3TI1X nOCTpOelll1HX 6blJl
lJpe3BbllJalfHO npmHlTllneH: eC.llI xpO!\laqxjmHIlble naparaHrmIH,
pacnOJIO>KeHUble B Hcnocpe.a.CTBeHHoi:i 6ml30cTH K CI1MnaTHlJeCKoi-1
HepBHoii CHCTeMe, OKa3bIBalOT npeccopHoe .LI.eikTBHe nYTeM Bbl)J,eJleIIHH
a.npeHamlHa, 11 eCJlI1 )J,enpeccopHble 3(j:JlpCKTbl 13bI3bmaIOTC51 npl1 pa3-
JJ.pa}!{eHlil1 YlJaCTKOB, cO)J,ep}!{aw.Hx B OCHOBIIOM Hexpo taqxpl1HHble
napafaHfJll1lI, TO HexpOMacpqmHHble naparaHrJlI1H Ii JJ.0Jl}!{Hbl Bbl.ne-
JIHTb Bew.eCTBO, npOTI1BOnOJlO}!{HOe no CBoeMY )J,eUCTBIHO a)J,peHaJII1UY.
TaK B03HI1KJII1 npe)J.CTaBJlCHIIH 0 BblJ],eJIeHHII HexpOMacpcpHHHblMI1
napafaHr JIII51MII Bew.eCTn nma aueTHJlXOJIIIUa HJlI1 rl1CTaMI1Ua H Ha-
3BaHI1e «napaCI1Mnanl l leCKliC, HexpOMaQ)(!nIllHble naparaHfJII1I1».
Ho TaK KaK KOHuenUI1H )J,e KaCTpo (1926, 1929) 0 xeMopeuemop-
HOII pOJIH KapoTlI)J,Horo TeJla npo,'J.oJl}!{a.TIa OCTaBaTbCH nonYJIHpHOH
11 TaK KaK 11 B oKoJIoCep.nelIHblx naparaIlrJlIIHX 6bIJllI 06Hapy}!{eUbI
0611J1bHble lJyBcTBllTeJlbIlble np1I60pbl, TO lJaCTb uexpOMaqxpl1HHblX na-
pafaHfJllIeB 6blJla npenpalll.eHa B opraIlbl )J,JlH pcmCTpaUl111 XI1Ml1lJe-
CKom COCTaBa KpOBI1 n aopTe.
Y}!{e B 1935 r. rYPMacpTaii )J,eJIH.TJ naparaHfmHl Ha xpoMalj:J- \
cpl1HHble CIIMnaTl1lJeCI{l1e, aXpOMa(vpHHUble BaraJlbHble 3(pcpepeuT-
Hble 11 axpoMacpcjJHHHble, CBH3aHHble C lJYBCTBI1TCJlbHblMI1 BOJIOKHaMli
aBToHoMHOii HepBHoII CI1CTCMLI.
IlIYMaxep (1938) npliOaBI1J1 K 3TOMY, lITO, no efO Ha6JIIO.neHHHM,
HexpOMacpcjJIIHHble naparaHfJlIlII 5lBJl51lOTCH apTep110-BeH03Hb1MH aHa-
CTOM03aMI1 C 3nI1TeJII101l.nHbIMII KJleTKaMH He HepBHoro, a MbIlllelIHOfO'
217
npOHCXO}K)J,eHHSI, BbI}J:eJl5UOlIjJiMII aueTliJIXO.'"!HH, TaKIIMH }Ke, KaK
B apTepHO-BeH03HbIX aHaCTOM03aX KO}KH.
5IpKIIM npHMepOM HeKpHTH4eCKOrO 3KJleKTH3Ma SIBJlSIeTCSI CTaTbSI
rypMa<JyraSI H flaHbe (1939), B KOTOpOH aBTopbl npeTeH)J,YJOT Ha pa3-
peweHHe CJlO}KHOi'f np06J1eMLI KapoTHJ].IIbIX Ii Kap)J,HoaOpTaJlbHblX na-
paraHrJlHeB. B KpaTKlIx CJlOBaX BbIBO)J,bl 3TOii CTaTbH CBO)J,SITCSI K
CJle)J,YIOrn;eMY: paraganglion aorticum supracardiale (glomus aor-
ticum) H glomus caroticum nOCTpoeHbI no OLUIOMY nJlaHY C KO}KHbIMH
Kon4HKOBblMH rJlOMycaMII-3TO TaKHe }Kf' apTepHo-BeH03Hble aHa-
CTOM03bI. Ho B OTJlH4He OT KO}KHbIX rJlOMYCOB K aOpTaJlbHbI:\f II Kapo-
TH)J,HbIM npH6aBJleH ern;e naparaHrJlIIOHapHbIH annapaT. Ha 3TOM
OCHOBaHHH, COrJlaWaSICb C MacoHoM (1937) B TOM, 4TO KO}KHble rJlo-
MYCbI (apTepHO-BeH03HbIC aHaCTOM03bl KO}KH) 06J1aJ].aIOT lJYBCTBHTeJlb-
HOH 4>YHKlI.Helf, aBTopbl C4HT3IOT glomus aorticum H glomus caro-
ticum Ba30ceH3HTHBHblMII opraIIa:\m. O.J.HaKo npH6aBJleHHblIf K HHM
naparaHrJlHOHapHbIH annapaT ACJlaeT 3TH opraHbI, B 4aCTHOCTH,
paraganglion aorticum supracardiale, H naparaHrJlHeM, H rJlOMYCOM
(T. e. C 'IYBCTBHTeJlbHblM opraHOM, no MaCOHY) O)J,HOBpeMeHHO.
flaparaHrmlOHaplIaH KJlCTKa no)J, BJlHHlmeM XHMII4eCKHX H3MeHe-
HHll Bbl)J,eJlHeT Bern;eCTBa, KOTopble CTIIMYJlHPYIOT 'IYBCTBHTeJlbHbIe
OKOHLIaHHSI. XpoMa4>cpHIIHble KJleTKII B 3THX naparaHrJlHSIX BblJJ.eJlSIIOT
a)J,peHaJlHH, BbI3bIBaI0rn;HH 3aKpbITHe aHaCTOM03a, nexpoMa4>cpliHHbIe
KJleTKH Bbl}J:eJlflIOT aUeTHJlXOJlHH, OKa3bIBaIOrn.Hi'1 Ha aHaCTOM03bl 06-
paTHoe )J,eHcTBlie. flaparaHrJlHH, pacno.10)l{CHHble B 3nlIKap)J,e yweK
II onHcaHHble B CBoe BpeMfI flaHLe (1935), aBTopbI paClI.eHIIBaIOT no-
)J,PyroMY. B 3nHKap)J,HaJlbHb1X naparaHrJlHSIX, no HX MHeHHIO, HeT
apTepHo-BeH03HbIX aHaCTOM030B, KpoBOCHa6)l{eHHe 3THX naparaHr-
J1HeB npOlicxo)J,HT 3a C4eT 6aHaJlbHbIX I<amiJIJlflpOB_ OTcIO)J,a )J,eJlaeTCSI
BbIBO)J" 'ITO 3TH naparaHrJlHII He MorYT 06J1aJJ.aTb peuenTopHoi'1 4>YHK-
lI.HeH H LITO xpoMa4>cpHHHble KJleTKH B HHX Bblpa6aTbIBaIOT a)J,peHaJlHH,
a HexpoMa4>cpHHHble-Bcrn.CCTBO, npOTHBOnOJlO}KIIOe no )J,eiicTBHIO
a)J,peHaJlHHY. B KatJeCTBe 06rn;ero BbIBO)J,a rYPMa4>TaSI H flaHbe
(1939) CJlY}KHT YTBep}K.D.CHHe, LITO naparaHrJlHOHapHaSI KJleTKa SIB-
JISIeTCSI HepBHOIf Ii }KCJle3HCTOH O)J,HOBpeMeHHO, 4TO rJlOMycHafl CTPYK-
Typa (HaJlH4He apTepHO-BeH03HbIX aHaCTOM030B) CBII.D.eTeJlbCTByeT
o LIYBCTBHTeJlLHOll 4>YHKUHH TaKHX naparaHrJlHCB II 0 npepbIBHCTOH
UHPKYJI5IUHH B HHX H LITO 3nHTeJlHOII}J:llb1e I{J1eTKH apTepHO-BeH03-
HbIX aHaCTOM030B 06J1a)J,aIOT peuenTopHoii 4>YHI<IWei'L
HeCMOTpfl Ha SIBHYIO HCCOCTOflTeJlbHOCTb lI.eJloro pSI.D.a YTBep}K-
)J,eHHH rypMa4>Tafl H flaHbe, npC)J,CTaBJleHHfI 0 4YBCTBHTeJlbHoif 4>YHK-
lI.HH aOpTaJlbHbIX naparaHrJllleB nOJlY4HJlH wllpOKoe pacnpOCTpaHe-
HHe. TaK, XOJlJlHHWH.D. (1940b) OTHOCHT K xeMopcuenTopaM KapOTH)J,-
Hble H aOpTaJlbHble TeJla Ha TOM OCHOBaHHlI, 4TO OHH HexpoMa4>cpHHHbl
Ii npe)J,CTaBJlSIJOT, KaK 3TO CKa3aJl HOHH.D.el.I. (1937b), «KOMnJleKCbI
HeiipocoCY)J,HCTbIX CTPYKTYP». XeMopeuenTOpOM C4IITaIOT naparaHr-
JIIiOHapHYIO TKaHb B CTeHKe npaBoro npe.D.Cep)J,HfI J1.. H. BbIponaeB
(1948), a B CTeHKe J1er04HOH apTepHH H. r. CMHpHoBa (1947, 1949)
Ii B. B. KynpHSIHoB (1950).
218
B 3M6pHOJIOrHLJCCKHX HCCJIC.n:OBaI-1H5IX TO)Ke OTMeLJaeTCH CBH3b
'{:Cp.n:eLJHbIX naparaHrJIHeB II LJYBCTBIITeJIbHbIX HepBOB, Ha OCHOBaHIIII
LJero 3TIIM naparaHrJIII5IM npIInHCbIBaeTCH XeMOpeIl.enTOpHaH CPYHKIl.IIH
(Hammond, 1941a, b). lllTpeXT (Strecht, 1945), KOTOpbIi-'I Ha 31'01-
6pHOHax IICJIOBeKa YCTaHOBIIJI 1II1HepBaIl.1II0 cep.n:eLJHblX naparaHrJIII-
eB OT .n:enpeccopOB, TaK)Ke CIJIITaeT HX HeHp03nHTeJIIIaJIbHbIMH KOM-
nJIeKCaMIi.
Pa3HOrJIaCII5I MeJl(.n:y IICCJIe.n:OBaTeJI5IMIi 3aKJIIOIJaIOTC5I JIHillb
B onpe.n:CJIemIH cocy.n:a, XHMIIIJeCKHU COCTaB KpOBH KOToporo perIi-
CTpHpyeTcH OKOJIOCep.n:elJHbIMIi naparaHrJIH5IMIi. Ell e TIaJIbMe (1934) B
CBoe BpeM5I CKa3aJI, IJTO cocy.n:, m1Tmoll lIu paraganglion supracardia-
Ie inferior, OTXO.n:IIT OT JIerOIJIIOH apTepmI. 3m no.n:TBep.n:IIJIH HomI.n:eIl.
(1936), XOJIJIIIHllIIi.n: (1940a) II H. M. BbIKOB (1951). O.n:HaJ<O 3TO
YTBepJl(.n:eHHe MHOfHMII ocnapliBaeTC5I. TaK, fypMacpTau Ii TIaHbe
(1939) HaCTaHBaJOT Ha TOM, lJTO nIiTaHHe paraganglion aorticum
supracardiale npOIicxo.n:HT 3a ClJeT aopTbI JlJIH JIeBOH BeHelJHOM apTe-
plIIl. K HHM npHcoe.n:HI-I5II0TC5I KOMpoe (1939) H HeKoTopbIe .n:PYrlIe.
HaMe 1 JaeTC5I nOnblTKa peBH30BaTb .n:aHHbIe cTapblx aBTopoB 0 na-
paraHrJIH5IX 6pIOlliHOH nOJIOCTH. fypMacpraH (1936) OnHCaJI Y MbIIlleM
MCJI(.n:y .n:HacpparMoM H COJIHelJHbIM CnJIeTeHHeM naparaHrJIHH no xo-
.n:y BeTBcM 6JIYJK,lI,aIOll ero HepBa. BOJIee MeJIKHe H3 HHX .n:OCTHraIOT Ha-
lJaJIa a. mesentcrica superior. HMeJOTC5I naparaHrJIHH H B BopoTax
nelJeHH. fypMacprai1 He npOBepHJI HX fHCTOXHMHlJeCKIiX peaKllHM,
HO npe.n:nOJIOJKHJI, lJTO m-IH nOJIYlJaIOT HHHepBaIl.HIO OT n. vagus.
Ha OCHOBaHHH YM03pHTeJIbHblX paCCYJK.n:eHHM aBTOp npIIXO,ll,HT K
BbIBO.n:y, lJTO 3TO .n:OJIJKHa 6bITb 3cpcpepeHTHa5I HI-IHepBaIl.H5I H lJTO
3TH naparaHrJIHH npOH3BO,ll,5IT ceKpeT, H.n:eHTHlJHbIM all.eTHJIXOJIIiHY.
Ha 3TOM OCHOBaHHH rypMacpTaM ClJHTaeT HX napaCHMnaTIIlJeCKHM 3K-
BHBaJIeHTOM xpOMacpcpHHHOM TKaHH.
y!3YlJeHHIO 3THX, TaK Ha3bIBaeMblX 6pJOIllHblX BaraJIbHbIX naparaH-
rJIHeB nOCB5ITHJI CBoe HCCJIe,ll,OBalIHe XOJIJIHHIllII.n: (1942). OH o6Hapy-
JKHJI, lJTO 3TH 06pa30BaHH5I IIMelOT TaKYIO JI(e CTPYKTYPY, KaK Kapo-
TH.n:I-IOe TeJIO, HexpOMacpcpHHHbI H 06HJIbHO cHa6JKeHbl HepBaMH,
KOTopbIe 06pa3YIOT OKOJIO HX KJIeTOK OKOHlJaHH5I B BH.n:e nyroBoK
H JIanOK. XOJIJIHHIllH.n: 3KcnepHMeHTaJIbHO YCTaHOBHJI, lJTO 3TH HepBbl
5IBJI5II0TCH lJYBCTBHTeJIbHblMH H npHHa.n:JIeJKaT HHJKHe-rpYJIHbIM cnHH-
HOM03rOBbIM Y3JIaM. B BblBOJIaX aBTOp ell e pa3 nOJIlJepKIlBaeT, lJTO
6pIOllIHbIe BaraJIbHbIe naparaHrJIHH CTPYKTypHO HJIeHTHlJHbI Kapo-
TII.n:HbIM TeJIaM, H YTBepJKJIaeT, 'ITO KOM6HHaIl.Il5I 3HJIOKpHHHOnOJI06-
HOM CTPYKTypbI C 'IYBCTBHTeJIbHOM HHHepBaIl.HeM BCTpelJaeTCH TOJIbKO
B Xel\fOpeIl.enTOpax_ Ha 3TOM OCHOBaHHH OH H OTHOCHT a6.n:OMHHaJIb-
Hble TeJIa K XeMOpeIl.cnTopaM. K 3TOMY Bonpocy XOJIJIHHIllH.n: B03Bpa-
ll aeTC5I B 1946 r. H CHOBa npHXOJIHT K 3aKJIIOlJeHHIO, lJTO 6pIOIllHbIe
naparaHrJIHH 06JIaJIaJOT cnoc06HoCTbIO BocnpHHHMaTb XHMHlJeCKHe
CJIBHrH B opraHH3Me.
KaK Bblille 6bIJIO YKa3aHo, H B. 11. I1JIbHHa (1948), KOTopaH
OlJeHb TOlJHbIM 3KcnepHMelIToM no.n:TBepJIHJIa HaJIHlJHe LJYBCTBHTeJIb-
HOM HHHepBaIl.HH M03rOBoro Bern.eCTBa HaJInOlJeIJHHKa, nOKa3aJIa
219
CTpOCHHe ero penenTopOB H npllHa)].Jle)!<HOCTb ero acp peHTHblX HCp-
BOB K cnHHHOM03rOBbIM Y3J1aM, TaK)!<eCKJlOHllJlaCb K MbICJIlI, tJTO Ha)].-
nOtJetJHHKOBaf! MSJKOTb He TO.'lbKO BbIpa6aTbmaeT a)].peHaJlHH, HO H
BbInOJlHSJeT )].pyryIO 3a)].atJY B opralll13Me, BhIcTynaf! B Ka'leCTBe xe-
MOpeIJ.enTOpa.
He)].aBHo (24-25jVIIl 1950 r.) B CTOKrOJILMC COCTOf!JlaCh cne-
IJ.HaJlhHaf! KOH( epeHlUI5I, nOCBSJIlleHHaf! xeMOpenenu.IlII U XeMOpeIJ.en-
TOpHblM peaKu.Hf!M. 13 tJuCJle OCIIOBIlbIX )].OKJla)].tJHI<OB 6blJlH Xelll\1aHC
(1951) Ii)].e KaCTpo(1951). BOBcex )].OKJIa,LLaX, KpoMe O)].HOro (Laget
et Legouix, 1951), npoBo)].lIJ1aCb MhICJlb, tJTO TOJILKO aOpTaJlhHhIe Ii
KapoTH)].HhIe rJloMycbl 51BJlSJIOTCH xeMopelLenTOpal\U1.
Jle KaCTpo (1951) nOBTOpUJI CBOH CTapble KOHUenIJ.UH 0 TOM, tJTO
KapOTl'I)].Hoe TeJlO npe)].CTaBJISJeT C060ll He HepBHhIH Y3eJl H He 3H;I.0-
h.pHIlHhIH opraH, a XeI\1Opeu.enTOp, tJTO era 3nHTeJIHOII)].Hhle KJleTKH,
conpHKaCaIOIllHeCH C KanllJlJlHpaMIl U 'lYBCTBIITe.'lbHhIMH HepBHhlMH
OKOHtJaHUf!MU, no.D: B,lll5I1IIleM XIIMH<leCIUlX H3MCHeHUll KpOBH MeHHIOT
CBOIO MeTa60JlH<leCKYIO aKTIlBHOCTb, a 3TO 06CTOf!TeJlbCTBO BTOpUtJHO
BhI3hIBaCT B036Y)!<.D:eI-IHe tJYBCTBHTC'JlLlIhIX OKOHIJaHHlI. KOHTaKTY
KJleTOK C KpOBblO cnoco6cTByeT 061IJlbIlaf! KanUJI.'lf!plJaH ceTb,
npHBO.D:f!Illaf! K TOMY, tJTO KJleTKa CBH3hIBaeTCH C HeCKOJlLKUMH Ka-
JlHJlJl5IpaMIl, T. e. 60Jlblila51 'JaCTh KJlCTOIIHOH nOBepxHOCTU oCYIlle-
CTBJlf!eT nO'lTIi HenocpC')].CTBeHHhlii KOHTaKT C KpOBhIO. KpOMe Toro,
)].e KaCTpo onHCblBaeT B KapOTu)].HOM TeJle CUCTeMY apTepHO-BeH03HhIX
aHaCTOM030B, 6J1aro.n.apf! KOTOpblM C03.D:aCTCf! B03MO)!<HOCTh lIanpaB-
Jlf!Th KpOBh HJlH B l<amlJlJl5lpbl, UJIU np5lMO B BeHbI.3mlTeJlHOH)].Hhle
KJleTKH KapOTH)].Horo TeJla He BOCCTaHaBJlHBaIOT cOJleii xpo:\ta. HepB-
Hhle BOJlOKHa, BeTB5ICh B «glomus caroticum», pacna.D:mOTcSJ Ha OKOH-
tJaHHf!, paCnOJlmKeHHhle B npOTOnJla3Me «fJlOMYCHhIX» KJleTOK.
B KatJeCTBe eJI.HHCTBeHHoro HOBOro aprYMeHTa B nOJlh3Y xe:\lOpe-
IJ.enTOpHoH CPYHKIJ.HH KapoTu)].Horo TeJla)].c KaCTpo npHBo;I.IIT .D:aHHhIe,
nOJlytJeHHhIe B OnhITe C HCKyccTBeHHo c03)].aHHoH )].ByxHeHpoHHoH
BHeIJ.eHTpaJlhHOH pecpJleKTOpHoH JIyroll. ECJlu nYTeM HaJlO)j(eHHf! co-
OTBeTCTBeHHhlX HepBHhIx aHaCTOM030B )].OCTHtJb TaKIiX YCJlOBHH, tJTO
nepHcpepHtJecKHe OTpOCTKH KJleTOI< gang\. nodosum 6Y)].YT 06pa30-
BhlBaTh tJYBCTBHTeJlbHhIe OKOHtJaHHf! B KapoTH)].HOM TeJle, a IJ.eH-
TpaJIhHhIe 06pa3YloT nepllIJ.eJlJIlOJl5lpHhle annapaThI Ha KJleTKaX
gangl. cervicale superior (B 30% cJlyqaeB 3TO y)].aeTCSJ), TO II nOJlyqHT-
Cf! 3Ta UeJlHKOM JleLKaIllaf! Ha nepHcpepHH )].ByxHel1poHHaH peqmeKTop-
Haf! )].yra C KJleTKOH gang\. nodosum B KatJeCTBe peu.enTOpHoro HeH-
pOHa H KJleTKOl1 gang\. cervicale superior B KaqeCTBe 3qxpCKTOpHOro.
ECJlH B 3THX YCJlOBHf!X opolilaTh KapoHI)].Hoe TeJlO LKH)].IWCThIO, pH
KOTOpOH )].OBe)].eH )].0 5,54 nYTeM npu6aBKH K Hell CO 2 , TO HacTynaeT
pecpJleKTOpHaf! aKTUBHOCTb CUMnaTIII<yca, Bhlpa)j(aIOIllaf!Cf! B paCliln-
peHlIll 3patJKa H )].PYnlX 3cpcpeKTax. TaKoii )j(e 3{jxpeI<T Bhl3hl-
BaeTCf! H COOTBeTCTBeHHhI:\m paCTBopaMU MOJlotJHoii KHCJlOThl n
JI06eJlHHa.
TaKoBo B HaCTOf!IllIlH MOMeHT nOJlO)j(eHHe .n.eJla C cpaKTaMH H Tec-
pHf!MH, OTHOCSJIllHMHCSJ K np06J1eMe xpOMacpcpHHHOH TKaHH.
220
AHaJIH3HpySJ XO)l. HaKUnJIeHHSJ cpaJ\T1I4eCKOrO MaTl pl1aJI3 I-I pa3BI-I-
THSJ TeOpeTli4eCKHX 00061llCHlfii B 3TOii 06JI3CTH nOCJle CCPOPMYJIlI-
pOBaHHSJ KOIlu.enu.llII 0 napar3HrJIIUIX, npUXO)].IITCSJ CD.eJIaTb CJIe)].Ylo-
llI.lI if BbIBO.n:.
CTpoifHa51 Teopml 06 opraHax- naparaHrJIIISJx, paCnOJlmKeHHblx
pSJ.il.oM C ClfMnaTH4eCKlIMil Y3JIa1\1II, nocTpueHHhlx H3 KJIeTOK, npoHC-
we)].llIlIX il3 OD.HHX IICTO'IIIIfKOB C CIfMnaTJiIleCKI-IMII n Bbl)].eJISJ!Olll.IIX
8.n:pell, aJlliH Ha onpc)].eJIeHHOM 3Tanc 6b1JI3 nOKOJle6JIeHa cpaKTaMI1,
KOTopble SJhOUbl He YKJI8)1.bIBaJII1Cb Bee paMKH. 3TII HOBbIe cpaKTbl no-
P0)].HJIH u.eJIblii pSJ,lI, TeOpeTHIJeCKlIX 0606ll1.eHHH, CTpeMSJllI.lIXCH Ha
MeCTO CTapblX npe)].CT8B"leIlHii nOCTaBHTb HOBblC, SJK06bl 60JIee OT-
BeLJaJOlll.lie co)].ep)KaHIlIO Bonpoca II cnoc06Hbie 06"bSJCHIITb TO, 4TO
He YKJI3)].blBaJIOCb B pm,lKli CTapOH TeOpIUI.
O)].HaKO aH3JIH3 3fHX 1I0BblX 0606ll1.eHllii nOKa3blBaeT IIX MHOro-
'IHClleHHOCTb, KpaiiHIOlO nCCTpOTY, npOTHBope4HBOCTb, IIHOr,ll,a He-
,lI,OCTaT04HYlO 060CHOBaHHOCTb lpaKTaMH, a BpCMeHaMIl H cneKYJIHTHB-
HOCTb, nOlWHllI.YlOCSJ Ha nOBcpXHOCTHOM 3HaHIIlI MaTepllaJIa.
OpraHm1, KOTopble )].0 CIIX nop C4lna,,1l1Cb naparaHrJIlISJMlI, CTa-
JIH npllIlIICbIBaTb peIJ.enTopHYIO lPYHKIJ.mO ()].e KaCTpo, 1926, 1929,
1951; YaiiT, 1935; HOIIH.n:el , 1935c, 1936, 1937; focec, 1937; MeH-
JIlmr, 1938; XOJIJIHlIllIlfL(, 1939, 1 940a , b, 1942; A. A. CMlipHOB,
1945, 1951; XaHcoH, 1946; H. r. CMllpHoBa, 1948, 1949; .Q. H. Bbl-
ponaeB, 1940, 1948; B. B. Kynp1l5lIlOB, 1950), npeBpaTIIB ux B cne-
IJ.I-IaJIbHbIe XCMOpeu.cnTophl, 06eCne411BalOllI.IIC CllrHa.1H3aIJ.mO 0 C,lI,BIi-
rax B Ka4eCTBeHII0i\1 COCTaBe KpOBIi.
Ho 3TII )Ke opraIlbl TpaKTOBaJIII H I(aK 3I1)].OKpIiIlHbIC, BhI)].eJIHlO-
llI.He Belll.eCTBa C II pOTlIBOnOJIO)KHhlM a}1,pcIIaJIlIHY ,lI,eHCTBlIeM (CYH-
L(ep-I1JI3CCMaH, 1933; KPllCTII, 1933a, b; I3I-1I1I-1BapTep, 1934; CeTo,
1935; 5eTTellKYP, 1939; JIc)Ke, I1appo 11 fJIell, 1947). I1pH4eM
HHKTO 113 CTOpOHHIlKOB 3TOii KOHIJ.enIJ.lIl1 He 06C,'Ie)].oBaJI XIIMII-
LJeCKHe Belll.ecTBa, C'II-ITaeMbIe HI\IH BaroTponHblMIl 11 )].enpeccop-
HblMI-I, II HC nOL(TBepD.HJI 3TIIM HaJIH'IHSJ B HIIX au.eTIIJIXOJIlIHa IiJII-I
rHCTaMHHa. O,ll,HH TOJIbKO KpllCTH (1933a, b) npOBepI-lJI 3cp CKT )].eHcT-
BI-ISJ 3KcTpaKToB onyxOJICH KapOTIIL(HOrO Te.na CPI-l3110JIOrH4ecKH.
OL(HaKO OH, KpOMC Ba30)].enpeccopHoro BCllI.eCTBa KapoTH)].lIHa, Bbl-
)].eJII-IJI H3 HlIX H aL(peHaJIlHI I-I BbIHY)KL(eH 6bIJI npll3HaTb .n:BOHHYIO
CPYHKIJ.lIlO KapOnlL(HOrO TeJIa, C LJeM no CYllI.eCTBY COrJIaCHJIHCb H 5eT-
TeHKYP (1939), U H. f. CMI-IpHOBa (1948). TeopliSJ CYH.n:ep-I1JIac-
CMaHa 0 Bbl)].eJIeHI-IIi KapOTI-IL(HbIM TeJIOM «cepD.e4I-IOrO ropMoH8»
RBHO cneKYJISJTHBHa I-I He 060CHOBaHa cpaKTaMIl.
HeKOTopbIe 8BTOpbI, npI-l3HaBaBllII-Ie ceKpeTopHYIO CPYHKU.HlO napa-
raHrJIHeB, CBH3bIBaJIH xap8KTep Belll.eCTB, BblD.eJI5IeMbIX HMH, co
cnoco6HOCTblO B036Y)KL(8Tb OKpY)KalOllI.lie HepBbl (I1aJIbMe, 1934)
HJIH B03,l1,eHCTBOBaTb Ha 4YBcTBHTeJIbHbIe HepBbI, perHCTpHpYlOllI.He
apTepH8JIbHOe ,lI,aBJIeHHe. He060cHoB8HHOCTb cpaKTaMH 3THX KOH-
u.enIJ.HH OLJeBHL(Ha.
EllI.e 60JIee cneKymITHBHbI H cpaHT8cTH4HbI OCTaJIbHbIe TeopHH
(fYPMacpT8H, 1935; MeHep-ApeH,lI,T, 1947). B HeKoropbIx H3 HHX,
221
KpOMe Toro, He HCnOJIb30BaH H HMelorn.HHCf! B HaYKe cpaKTHLJeCKHH
MaTepHaJI (lllYMaxep, 1938; rYPMacpTaH H DaHLe, 1939; Eyacce-
30H, 1948).
B CBH3H co BceMH 3THMII 06CTOHTeJIbCTBaMH B03HHKaeT HeOT-
JIO)KHaf! He06xo)].HMOCTb pa306paTbCf! B npfllumax, HapyuIHBllIHX
CTpOHHblH xo)]. HayqHbIX HCCJIe)].oBaHHH B 06JIaCTH H3yqeHHf! xpoMacp-
cpHHHOH TKaHH H npHBe)].llIIix K nYTaHHu.e, KOTopaH rocno)].cTByeT
cpe)].H HCCJIe)].oBaTeJIeH H B HaCTOf!rn.ee BpeMf! H KOTOpaf! MellIaeT nJIO-
D.oTBOPHOMY )].aJILHeHllIeMY xo)].y pa60T B )].aHHoH 06JIaCTH. Heco-
MHeHHO, TaKHX npHqHH HeCKOJIbKO. Ho nepBoH H3 HHX f!BJIf!eTCH
He)KeJIaHHe HCCJIe)].oBaTeJIeH pa306paTbCf! B Cyrn.HOCTH )].HHaMHqeCKHX
npeBparn.eHHH naparaHrJIHOHapI-IOH KJIeTKH H caMHX naparaHrJIHeB
H )].OJI)J{HbIM 06pa30M OLleHHTb pa3HYlo CTeneHb xpoMacpqJHHHOCTH
OT)].eJIbHbIX KJIeTOK naparaHrJIHeB, a HHor)].a H u.eJIbIX naparaHrJIHeB.
y pa3HbIx )KHBOTHbIX HJIH )].a)l(e y O)].Horo H Toro )Ke )KHBOTHOro.
ECJIH BOCnOJIb30BaTbCf! B KaqeCTBe KpHTepH5I He TOJIbKO xpOMacp-
CPHHHOCTbIO, HO H apreI-lTacpqmHHocTbIO naparaHrJIHOHapHOH KJIeTKH-
060CHOBaHHf! )].JIf! 3Toro npHBe)].eHbl BblllIe, TO OKa3b1BaeTCf!, qTO Bbl-
)].eJIf!Iorn.af! a)].peHaJIHH naparaHrJIHOHapHaf! TKaHb 06HJIbHO npe)].-
CTaBJIeHa v Bcex BH)].OB n03BOHOqHbIX )JUIBOTnbIX.
OHa 06HapY)I(eHa y KpyrJIOpOTblX, xpHrn.eBbIX H KOCTHCTbIX pbI6
(Gaskell, 1912; r. <P. l1BaHoB, 1930; Joung, 1933; )].a KOCTa,
1934/1935; Nicol, 1950, 1952), Y JIHrYllIKH (Gaupp, 1899), Y f!rn.epHLlbl
H qepenaXH (DaJIbMe, 1934; H. A. llleBqeHKo, 1950), y mHLl (DaJILMe,
1934) H Y Bcex BH)].OB MJIeKOnIiT3Iorn.HX. YCTaHOBJIeHO, qTO OHa nOf!B-
JIf!eTCf! B TeqeHHe paHHHX CTa)].Hl13M6pHoreHe3a (LL.M.rOJIy6,1936).
O)].HaKO nOJIHOe ee C03peBaHHe ocyrn.eCTBJIf!eTCf! y qeJIOBeKa
H )KHBOTHbIX B pa3HbIe CpOKH. TaK, y LJeJIOBeKa M03roBoe Bern.eCTBO
Ha)].nOqeLIHHKa K MOMeHTY pO)K)].eHHf! pa3BHTO ropa3)].0 xY)Ke, qeM
ye)Ka ()].a KocTa, 1934/1935).
PaBHblM 06pa30M H OT)].eJIbHble YLJaCTKH naparaHrJIHOHapHorl
TKaHH y O)].Horo H TOro )Ke )KHBOTHOro pa3BHB3IOTC5I C pa3HoH 6b1-
CTpOTOH. B KaqeCTBe npHMepa MO)KHO npHBecTH 6LICTpoe pa3BIiTHE.
M03roBoro nern.eCTBa Ha)].nOl.JetJHHKa y e)Ka, onepe)l(3Iorn.ee pa3BHTHe
)].pyrnx yqaCTKOB xpoMacpcpHIlHoH TKalll1, H, Ha060poT, 60JIee
Me)].JIeHHOe no cpaBHeHHIo C 6pIOllIHblM naparaHrJIUeM ero pa3BHTHe
y KpOJIliKa ()].a KOCTa, 1934/1935). ECTecTBeHHo, tJTO H xpoMacpcpHH-
HOCTb KJIeTOK 6y)].eT nOf!BJIf!TbC5I B 3THX yqaCTKaX naparaHrJIHOHap-
HOH TKaHH B pa3HbIe CpOKH.
K CO)l(3JIenmo, pa60T no CpaBHHTeJlbHOMY 3M6pHoreHe3Y napa-
raHrJIHOHapHoH CHCTeMbI HeT COBceM.
PaBHblM 06pa30M OqeHb MaJI HCCJIe)].OBaH Bonpoc H no OHToreHe-
THqeCKOH )].HHaMHKe naparaHrJIHeB. 113 pa60T KOHa, Il.YKepKaH)].JISJ
H )].pyrHx paHHHX aBTopOB H3BeCTHO, LJTO xpoMacpmIHaf! TKaHb B pa3-
HbIe nepHO)].bl )Im3HH nO)].BepraeTCf! pe)].YKLlHH. O)].HaKo B nOCJIe)].yIO-
rn.He rO}l,bl HCCJIe)].oBaHHI1 B 3TOM HanpaBJIemlH 3a HCKJIIOqeHlIeM
HeKOTopLIX OT)].eJIbHbIX pa60T {Handschin, 1928; EaKaH, 1938)
He npoH3Bo)].I1JIOCb. A Me)K)].y TeM CTeneHb oHToreHeTfIllecKoH pe)].YK--
222
II.IUI Toro IIJIIi 1I110ro Y'laCTKa naparaHrJIliOHapHoii TKaHIi )J,OJI}I{Ha
npliHIIMaTbC5I BO BHIIMaHlIe npll ou.CHKe 3HalJeHli51 ec HexpOMa<fJqmH-
HhIX KJIeTOK.
11, HaKOHeu., caMhIM KpynlIblM HC)J,OCTaTKOM B 1I3YlJeHHII naparaH- \
rJIlieB Ha)J,O ClJlITaTh nOlJTII nOJIHOe IIrHOpUpOBaHlie liCCJIe)J,OBaTeJI5IMH ,
Mop<fJOJIOrll'leCKoro BblpaLhelUl51 ceKpeTopHoro npOII.ecca. KOHe'lHhIM
npO)J,YKTOM CIIHTeTlIlJeCKOii )J,e5lTeJIhHOCTli naparaHrJIHOI-13pHOH KJIeT-
KH 51BJI5IeTC5I a)J,peHaJIHH, KOTOphIH II 06HapY)KIIBaeTC5I npH nOMorn.li
XpOMOBOH COJIli liJlH )J,pymx peaKTIIBOB (a30THOKliCJIoe cepe6po,
aHrli)J,pll)J, OCMII5I, nOJIYTopaXJIOpHCTOe )!(CJIe30). O)J,HaKO JIlllilh B e)J,H- .j\./ t-"
HliLIHhlX pa60Tax HMCIOTC5I YIW3aHli51 Ha TO, lJTO CliHTe3 a)J,peHaJIliHa 1 1
eCTh npouecc, li B pa3HhIX ero CTa)J,II51X KOJIlIlJeCTBO BhIpa6aThIBae-
MOro Bern.eCTBa 6Y)J,eT pa3HhlM, CJIe)J,OBaTeJIhHO, li xpOMaqxpliHHOCTh
KJIeTOK 6Y)J,eT pa3JI1I4HOll.
TaK, K03e (1902, 1907), 06"h5lC1l5l51 pa3HYIO CTeneHh xpoMa<fJ<fJIIl-I-
HOCTU KJIeTOK, 06Hapy)!(eHHhIX HM naparaHrJIliOHapHhlx 06pa30Ba-
HliH B 06JIaCTU npe)J,ccp)J,lIii H 60JIhlilliX COCY)J,OB, rOBOpliJI, lJTO ee
(pa3HYIO CTeneHh xpOMa<fJ<fJIIIIl-IOCTII) MO}l{HO OTHeCTli 1-13 ClJeT pa3-
HliUhI B ceKpeTopHhIX <fJa3ax KJleTOK, npO)J,YLl.liPYIOrn.lIX xpOMaqxpHH-
Hoe Bern.eCTBO. llhepK II Xa6epep (1908) paBHhIM 06pa30M ClJmaJIli,
lJTO B ceKpeTopHhIH II.HI(JI xpoMa<fJ<fJIII-IlIoii KJIeTKli BXO)J,liT H cTa)J,H5I
nOK051 Ii OT ::lToro 3aBlICHT OTCYTcTBue XpOMa<fJ<fJliHHOCTli oT)J,eJIhHhlX
liJIH MHOI'll X KJIeTOK naparaHrJIlieB.
B nOCJIe)J,YIOrn.lie rO)J,bI 0 pa3HOM KOJIlilJeCTBe a)J,peHaJIliHa B napa-
raHrJIlIOHapHOll KJIeTKe rOBOpliJI PlireJIe (1928), a 0 CMeHe CTa)J,lili
aKTIIBHOCTH cTa)J,lIeii nOK051 BaJIJIap)J, (Wallard, 1930) li )J,a KOCTa
(1940b), KOTophIli (1936a, b) )J,onycKaJI li pa3HYIO CTeneHh )J,li<fJepeH-
UlipoBaHHocTIi xpoMaqxpuHHhlX KJIeTOK. 0 TOM, lJTO ceKpeII.li51
a)J,peHaJIliHa Ha'lIlHaeTC5I C HcxpOMa<fJ<fJHlIHOH CTa)J,IIH, nHCaJI H
BaH KaMneHXYT (van Campcnhout, (946).
BTophlM 06CT05lTeJIhCTBOM, KOTopoe MO)!(eT 06YCJIOBlITh OTCYT-
CTBlie XPOl\ta<fJ<fJIIHHOCTU naparaHrJIIIOHapllOil KJICTKII, 5IBJI5IeTC5I lJpe3-
BhI t JallHa51 HecToiiKOCTh a.n:peHaJIlllIa. 06 3TOM B CBoe BpeM5I ynoMH-
HaJI lllanep (1892). 0 3Ha'le1llUl .D:JI5I BHelllucro Bu.n:a KJIeTOK «Kapo-
TU.n:HOii )!(eJIe3hI» cpoKa, npoTeKlllcro OT MOMeHTa cMepTH )J,O
<fJIIKcaUHII MaTepllaJIa, roBOplIT H A. B. PhIBKIIH.n: (1940).
HalwHeu, KJIeTJi:1I nOC\lepTHo MorYT 6hILTpO BhI6pachIBaTh a)J,pe-
HaJIlill li CTaHOBliTbC5I Hexp0:\13<fJ<fJIIHHbIMII (BaH KaMneHxYT, 1946).
Bce aTO BMeCTC B351Toe 3aCTaBJI5IeT OTKa3aThC5I OT BhIBO)J,OB
p5l.n:a aBTopoB, YTBep)K)131orn.uX, lJTO OTCYTCTBlie xpOMaqxpllIlHOH peaK-
Ll.lili B opraHax, KOTOphlC no BceM OCTaJILHblM npll3HaKaM 51BJI5IIOTC5I
naparaHrJIIIHMlI, CJIY}l{HT )J,OKa3aTCJIhCTBOM Taro, tlTO 3TH naparaH-
rJIHli Bhl.n:eJI5IIOT He a.n:peHaJIIIH, a KaKlIe-TO .n:pyrlle Bern.eCTBa. Ern.e
A. C. .QoreJIb (1894) YKa3bIBaJI, 'lTO He Bce KJIeTKU B M03roBOM Bern.e-
CTBe Ha.n:nOlJe'lHIIKa apreIlTa<fJ<fJIIHHhl, a apreHTa<fJ<fJliHHhle KJIeTKli
apreHTa<fJ<fJHHHhl B pa3HOH CTeneHII. 3TO )!(e roBOpliJlH Bce nOCJIe)J,YIO-
rn.lie aBTophI, KOTophIe 06HapY)KliBaJIli xpoMactxlmIllIOCTh liJIli apreH'
Ta<fJqJliHHOCTb Toro IIJIli 11I101'0 na paraHr.IJII5I.
223.
Mbl MO)j{eM IIpO)].CMOHCTpllpOn3Tb 3fO nOJIO}KeHlle H3 coueTBeHHD:\1
MaTepI-laJIe. Ha pHC. 48 I'i306p3)J(eH Y'JaCTOK KJIeTOK naparallrJIlIOHap-
HOH TIWIIH H3 06,laCTII ,T]C'ro ' lIIoii apTepHI-I. 3.IJ.eCL KpynlIble, OB3JIbHOfi
cpOpMbI KJIeTKII, C l<pynHbl:\1 51)].POM, C XOpOlilO Bblpafl(eIIIlblM XpO:\1aTII-
HOBblM PIICYHKOM, lie IIMCIOT HIIKal<IfX npI-l3HaKOB aprCHTa(pcpuH-
HOH 3epHlfcToCTU B npoTon.la3Me. Ha pllC. 136 BH)].HO, '11'0 B HeKOTO-
pbIX 1<.lleTKax n05lDJUlfOTC5I Hefl<IlLle 3CpHLIlilKII, KOTopLle 06JIa.il.aIOT
apreHTaqxpHIIIIOCThlO. I1oCTenellllo TaKllX KJICTOK )J,eJIaeTC5I OOJIbllle.
A Ha plIe. 49 II 137 BII)J,lIbl pe3Ko 3preHTcHlxpIIHHble KJIeTKH. I1apa-
rallr JIIIOllapHbIe I<JICTI<If HIIKor.aa
He ObIBaJOT O)].IIHaJ<OBO xpOMacp-
cplllIIIblMII .n:am:e B 0)].1I0M II TOM )Ke
Y'IaCTKC (pIlC. 49). Kor)].a )Ke ce-
I<peTopllbIii UHKJI J],OCTllrHeT CTa-
.aIIII Halloo.'lblilCrO lIaJwn.leH II 51
a;J,pcHa.alllla, B KJIeTKe nOHB.151I0T-
CH, lIap5lJ Y C pC3KO aprCHT3(lxj:mll-
111,1;\1 3epllHCT1,lM CO)J,ep}KII Mhll\l ,
II l3aKyo:m (pIlC. 138). I<OTJpbIe
3j).ec1" KaK II 13 )].pynlx m:e.'Ie3aX
(l0. A. 3p3m:eBcK351,1951), BXO)J,51T
005l33TCJILHhIM KOMnOHeHTOM B
CTaJ1.HIO BhI)].eJIeHH5I ceKpeTa.
B lIaCT05l111lIii MOMCHT HeT B03-
;\lml<HOCTII COrJI3CIIThC5I C )J,e Ka-
CTpO (1926), Dell ya (1928), }\\1I.l-
KY (1930) II ..'tpyrmm, KOTophIe
YTBep)J(L(aJoT, 'ITO KapOTlIj).lIoe Te-
JIO He HBmICTC5I naparaHrJIlfe:\1 II
He Bhl)].C.IJHeT a)].peHaJIIIHa. Heo6-
Ha pYfl(eHlfe mill xpO:\-lacpcpIlHHOCTIf
II aprCIITa(p.pIlHHOCTlI era I(JIeTOK
3aBllClfT IIJIH 01' COBna)].eHlf51 MOMeH-
Ta (!mKcaUIIII C HexpoMacpcpm1HOH
cpa30ii ceKpeTopHoro UHKJIa, HJIlI
OT MeTO)J,HqeCKIIX norpelilHoCTeii, n03BOJ1HBlilllX a)].peHaJIlIHY pa3py-
lllHT1,CH, H HII B Koeii Mepe He npOTHBOpeqHT pe3YJI1,TaTaM )J,pyrnx
HCCJIe)J,OBaHuii (KOII, 1903; PmCJle, 1928, If JI,p.) , nOKa33BlllUX xpoMacp-
(pHl-IHOCTb H apreHTacpcpllIIHoCTb 3TOro opraHa.
Ha pHC. 139a npuBe)].eH yqaCTOK OKOJIOCep)J,eqHOrO naparaHrJIH5I,
He 06HapY)j{lfB3IOIII.lIll apreHTacp )HHHOii peaKUHH; Ha plfC. 1396-
TaKOH )j{e yqaCTOK H3 KapoTIf)].Hora TCJIa. Ha pHC. 140a I-I 1406 1f30-
6pa)j{eH1,1 yqaCTKI-I 3TlfX )j{e naparaHrJIlfeB, HO Yllie B COCT05lHIfH pe3Ko
BhIpalliem-IOH apreHTacpcpnHHocTIf lJaCTH IIX KJIeTOK.
I BTOPOH, TOfKe qpe3BhIqaiiHO BafKHoii npHqHHOii 3aMe)J,JIeHH5I pellle-
HH5I np06JIeMhl naparaHrJIHeB 51BJI5IeTC5I Hecnoc06HoCTb 60JIbllIHH.
.CTBa HCCJIe)J,oBaTeJIeH npaBIIJIbHO oueHHTb HHHepBaUlfoHHhle OTHO-
llIeH1I5I B 3THX opralwx.
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Pnc. 136. naparallr. /lii /13 lIapY>K-
1I0H 060.11O'IKII JIerO'lIIOH apTcpnn.
J\preHTaljJ( millOe Belll.eCTBO B K.qeT-
Kax B BlIlle lIe>KllblX 3epell (ou.
IOOx, OK. 15x; pnCOBa,1bllblH an-
napaT lIa ypOBlie CTOJIa; YlIlCllblllellO
npn ne'laTIi B 2 pa3a).
224
"\
Hml60JlbWee pacnpoCTpaHeHlle
o TOM, IJTO naparaHrJlHII HaX011.51TC5I
nperaHrJlllOI-JapHblX BOJlOKOH.
BblCKa3aJl 3TY KOHuemJ,HIO 3J1J1HOT (1913), 06HapYMHBwHi1: B
1II03rOBOM BellJ,eCTBe Ha11.nOIJeIJHHKa nocJle nepepe31U1 IJpeBHOro
HepBa ,TJ.ereHepaUHlo HepBHblx BOJlOKOH.
feHeTHIJecKa51 6J1H30CTb xpoMalj:JqmHHoii TKaIlH H Hei1:poHoB
cIIMnaTHIJeCKoi1: HepBHoi1: CHCTeMbI, OCHOBaHHa51 Ha IIX npoHcxoM-
.il.eHlUI 1:13 06lIJ,ero Hei1:p06J1a-
CTIILJeCKOrO 3alJaTKa, Tpe60-
Ba.1a OT HCCJle,TJ.OBaTe.rrefl
06HapYMeHI:I51 KaKIIX - TO
nplI3HaKOB, KOTopble no11.-
lJepKIIBaJlII 6b1 3TY 6J1H30CTb
II BO B3pOCJlOM COCT05lHllli.
CB5I3b xpoMalj:Jlj:JIIHHbIX KJle-
TOK C nperaHrJlIIOHapHblMII
BO,10KHaMII KaK HeJlb351
.1YLJWe Y,TJ.OBJleTBOp51Jla 3TO-
I\IY Tpe60BaHIiIO.
3J1J1HOT He np051BIIJI 11.0-
CTaTOlJHOro BHlIMaHH51 K TO-
:\1)", IJTO KOr11.a OH CTaBllJl
CBOII 3KcnepllMeHTbi C Ha11.-
nOlJelJHIIKOM, nOlJTH Bce
BHYTpeHHHe opraHbl 6blJlII
06CJle,TJ.OBaHbl HeiiporHCTO-
oIloraMII H B HHX 6blJlll 06-
HapYjJ{eHbI 0611J1bHble II MHO-
ro06pa3Hble IJYBcTBIITeJlbHbIe
OKOHLIaHH5I. B lJaCTHOCTH,
no OTHOIlleHHIO K jJ{e.rre3II-
CT':>IM opraHaM 3TO 6blJlO
1I3BeCTHO 1:13 pa60T n. Ko-
pOJlbKOBa (1893), K. A_
.-\pHwTei1:Ha (1895) H A. C.
JoreJl51 (1895).
PaBHblM 06pa30M 3J1JlIIOT He npII: a.TJ 31Ia'le1l1l5I IICCJIe,TJ.OBaHH5IM
Kepepa (Kehrer, 1910) II A. 3. Jlel\IaIla (1912), nOKa3aBWHX, lJTO
B llpeBllblX, n011.lJpeBHbIX Ii Ta30BblX HepBax CO,TJ.epMaTC5I llYBCTBH-
Te.TJbHLIe BOJI OIm a , II A. C. .QoreJI5I (1894), YTBepM,'J.aBlllero, lJTO
HepBHble OKOlillaml51 Ha11.nOlle'IHIIKa nOXO)l<H lIa lJYBCTBIITeJlbHble,
pacno.TJOjJ{eHHble B CJle3HblX II CJIIOIlHblX )I{e.1e3ax.
no OTHoweHIIID K KapOTlI}J,lIOMY TeJlY KOlIueHlllllI 3:IJIHOTa pa3-
BIIBaJlH )Kepap II EHJlJlIiHrCJlII (1923), C'HlTamUlle, 'ITO M5IKOTHLle
BOJlOKHa 513b1KOrJlOTOIJHOrO HepBa II 5IBJlHIOTC5I nperaHrJlHOHapHbIMH,
OKaHllIIBalOllJ,IIMllC51 Ha KJleTKaX KapOTllJlIlOro TCJla, a caMII 3TH KJleT-
KII HrpalOT pOJlb raHrJlHOHapHblX.
13 T. A. rpllropLCBB
npllo6peJiH npe,'J.cTaBJleHH51
no,TJ. np5lMblM B03,TJ.eikTBHeM
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PHC. 13[. I1aparallrmd1 113 113p}')i{IIOI!
060JIO'lKII ner0 1 1110H apTepHH. Pe3KO
a p reII T3(/1cjJlIIlII brc KJJeTKlI. Mll KpOcjJOTO
(06. 100x, OK. 7x).
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?.
EO.1blilOii 3aCJI)' roii l1.e KaCTpo (1 Y26, 1929) 5IBJI5IeTC5I TO, lITO 01
B TOqHOM 3KCneplll\!eHTe nOl<a3aJl a(pcpepcHTH)"IO npllpol1.Y HepBoB.
KOTopbIe BCTynaIOT B KOUT3KT C KJlen aMII KapOTII;.r.HOH IKe.'1e3bl.
Ol1.HaKO caM l1.e KaCTpO 11 ero nOCJlel1.oBaTeJlII (HoHlIl1.eu., 1935c,
1936, 1937b; XOJlJlIIHUHI;.r., 1940a. 1941, 1 46), KaK II 3J1.1l10T, He
Ou.eHHJlH 11.0Jl/KHblM 06pa30M HMeIOlllHXC5I CBel1.eUlIll OTHOCHTe,,1bHO
q)"BCTBHTeJlbHOll lIHHepBau.HH BHYTpeHI-HlX opraHOB. 06I1J1bUYIO
qYBC1'Bl1TeJIbHYIO HHuepBaUHlO KapOTJIl1.HOro TeJla ;I.e KaCTpo nOH5I,,1
KaK npH3uaK, npeBpalllaJOliUllf 31'01' opraH B cneu.lla,,1bHblii opraH -
xeMopeu.enTOp, BCTaBJleUllbilf no Xo.n:y KpOBeHOCHblX COCy;.r.OB H pe-
rHCTpllpYIOlllllIl XJIMllqeCKJIii co-
CTaB KpOBH.
H.n:e51 6bIJla nO, XBaqeHa cpJI-
3110JlOral\lII. B03HHK.10 yqeHJIe 0
J.lBYX BII.n:ax qYBCTBHTeJlbHOCTII
Me/KKapOTlI;I.HOH 06J1aCTH-K ,!!,aB-
,,1eHlHO KpOBH H K ee XlIl\III3MY.
31'0 yqeHHe 6b1J1o nepeHeceHO II
Ha Kapl1.Ho-aopTa.J1bHYfQ 06J1aCTb.
HOHH.n:eu. npllnHCaJl naparaHr.'1JI-
OHapHOH TKaHH, KOTOpa5I Ta:\!
paCnOJlOlKella, TaKYIO lKe, KaI{
II KapOTH.n:HOMY TeJlY, pOJlb op-
raHa- xeMopel enTopa.
CUHOKapOTlI;I.lIa51 II Kap.J.IIO-
30pTaJlblla51 06.'1aC1'1I npeBpam-
JIIICb TaKHl\1 06pa30M B yqaCTKlI,
--..! l eJlJIKOl\! ynp3BJl5IlOlllHe cep;.r.eq-
HOTOpM03HbIM Ba30M01'OplibIM TO-
UYCOM.
')Ke 6b1J1o nOKa3aHO, qTO hOU-
u.enIllm .n:e KaCTpo, .n:alKe no;uep-
lKaUHa51 XeiiMaHco ! c ero :\IHO-
rO l lllCJleHHbll\1H COTpy.n:HlIKaMJI, He-
3aH5IJIa rocno;.r.CTB)"IUutero nOJlOiKeHH5I B Bonpoce 0 £pYHKIllIOHa.1b-
HoM 3HaLJeHIIH KapOTl111.HbiX II aOp1'aJlbllbIX TeJl. alia ;J.alKe He IICKO-
peHllJIa nOJlHOCTblO npe.n:cTaB,,1eIIIIH 06 OKOllqaHIIII Ha KJleTKaX 3THX
opraHoB nperaHrJllIOHapHblx BOJlOKOH.
TaI{, EeTTeHKYP (1939) nOBTOpllJI 3TlI npe.n:CTaB.leHI15I no OTHO-
lileHHIO K xpmlmtxpllllllbiM K.,1eTl{3M KapOTlI,'{Horo TeJla. 00 OTUOlile-
HHIO K .n:PyniM naparaHr.'1l15IM IIX npll3HaIOT JIml :lonYCKaJOT eute-
MHome HCCJle,lloBaTe:m (XOJlJllllIlilll,!!,. 1936. 1 Y37; CYllllb5lp;.r., 1937;
Bo H. l1J1bHHa, 1939; MalHpCp.TJCII.n:, 1941, II IIp.).
OaparaHrJlllOHaplla51 TKaHb, .QeHcTBlneJlbHO, 60raTa LJ)"BCTBlI-
T JlbHbIMH OKOH ' IaHlI5lMII, 06pa30BaHIIbl1\1II OTpOCTKal\lII K.1eTOK CIIIIH-
HOM03rOBblX HJlH qepenHOM03roBbix Y3.!/OB. PeuenTopHble IIpll60pbl
pacnOJlarmOTC5I He TO,,1bIW cpe;lll KJleTOK napeHXlIl\IbI xpo:\!aq)(tJIIH-
HblX opraHOB, 110 1I Ha coe;lllllllTeJlbllOTKanHblX npocJIOiiKaX B HlIX_
'
,-
r
PHC. 138. naparallr.1JIIH U3 CTeliKII
.1erO'lIlOii apTepHH. BaKyo.1H3aUHH
pe3Ko apreIlTa<p JUIIHbIX KJIeTOK.
MHKpotpoTO (06. 100><, OK. 7 ).
226
-
11 Ha cocY)laX (pIlC. 54a, 6, pHC. 56, 57, 14111142). CeH'laC MhI HMeeM
nO"lHoe npaBo rOBopllTb, 'lTO BC5I naparaHrJI110HapHa5I TKaHh, Ha'lH-
HaH OT KapOHI;J.HOro TeJI3 II I<OH'la5I ee CKOnJIeHHHMH B Ta3Y, o6JIa-
...,,,
--.
,-
t,' -
PHC. 139a. ,naparaHrJIHii H3 CTellKH JIerO'lIiOH apTepl'lH.
HeaprellTaqxpHIIHSH CTa)lHH. MHKpcxjJOTO: (06. 100 x, OK. 7x).
.,
PHC. 1396. KapOTlIJIliblii naparallrJIHiL HeapreIlTa J JHllllaH
CTa,'JllfI. MIIKpO JOTO (06. 100x, OK. 7x).
,].aeT o,!!,IIHaKoBo 0611JIbHOH II lI)l.eHHllIHOii no cYlllecTBY HHHepBaLl.Heif
(A. C. 1l0reJIb, It:$94; )l.e KaCTpo, 1926, 1!:J29; HOHJ1)lell, 1935c,
1936, 1937b; EaKaH, 1938; n. H. BbIponaeB, 1940, 1948; AOJI-
.1I1HIllI1,'l, 1941; B. H. I1JIbill ta, 1947; H. r. CMHpHoBa, 1948).
15* 227
YjJ{e O,nHO 3TO 06CT05lTeJIbCTBO KOJIe6JIeT KOHu.enII.H10 one KacTpo.
Ee CTopOHHlmaM npHXOjJ.IITC5I BbIcTynaTb C 5IBHO HenOCJIe,nOBaTeJlb-
HblMIi YTBepjJ{,neHli5lMII. HanpHMep, HOIIII,neu., npll3HaBa51 aOpTaJIb-
l
I,
..
Puc. 140a. naparallrJIHii H3 CTeliKH JIerO'lIiOH apTepHH. AprellTaljJ-
IjJHHllaH CTa.l\HH. MHKpOIjJOTO (06. lOOx, OK. 7x)
.
¥' '.. .;,."...J'--
!L
, .f,;'."
,,_.::.1.
....,'
- '
","
4
.';"L":.
-i" . .'
-4. ' .
. .
.F'
c
PHC. 1406. KapoTII)J.llblii naparallrJIllii. ApreIlTaq,-
cpHIiHaH CTa;J.HH. MIIKPO )OTO (06. 45x, OK. lOx).
HhIe T€'.la Opr31.JaMII-Xel\IOpeUenTopaMII cep,ne L lHo-aopTa.'1hHOii 06.aa-
CTH, O.'{HOBpeMeHHO YKa3hIBaeT H Ha UX xpoMa<}:JqJHHHOCTh. A Be;J.b
xpOMatjxjmHHocTh 51BJI5IeTC5I ,nOKa3aTeJIhCTBOI\l jJ{eJIe31ICTOii <}:JYHKUl1lI
TaKHX opraHOB, H HMemlO OTCYTCTBue ee nOCJIY:>KIIJIO OCHOBaHHel\l
)IJI5I )Ie KacTpo ctJUTaTb KapOTlI]\HOe TeJlO OpraIlOl\l-Xel\lOpeuenTOpO 1.
228
)..lpyme, KaK B. ll. HJlblUJa (1948) 11 n. H. BblponaeB (1948), cnpa-
Be,AJIl1BO yCMaTpltBaJoT B O,Al1HaKOBOCTII 'IYI3CTBl1TeJIbHOH l1HHepBaLlHH
xpoMaqxpl1HHblX 11 TaK Ha3bIBaeMblX lIcXpoM31I.JlpHHHblX naparaHrJIl1eB
cJIa60e MeCTO KOHLlenLlIIH ,Ae KacTpo II CTpeM51TcH npl1nl1CaTb pOJIb
opraHOB-Xel\lOpeLlemopoB II ,ApynlM Y'IaCTKaM xpoMaqxpl1HHOH 11
apreHTaqxbllHllOll TKallH - Ha,AnOllellHHKY II naparaHrJII1HM npek
cep.D.l1iL Ho 3TII aBTopbl TaK }Ke uenOCJIe.D.0BaTeJIbHbl, KaK H HOHII-
eLl. Pa3BHBaH TOllKY 3peHIIH, '1TO 0611JIbllO IIHHepBllpoBaHHblii
..,.... ""---.. 4 )(
---.-
.
..
...
" t
co....
. - ..
-; ,
.t:"" \.
." \ .
i .. ,._, . ........
. . .-i
PHC. 141. LJYBcTBHTeJIbliaH HllllcpBaUHH naparallfJIHOllapHbIx KJIeTOK
H3 lIapY)j{lIoH 06oJIo1JKH JIer01JIIOH apTepHH (06. 45x, OK. 10 X;
pHCOBaJIbllblH annapaT lIa ypoBlie CTOJIa; YMeHbllJeHO npH ne1JaTH
B Jl/ 2 pa3a).
aqxpepeHTHblMIl npll60paMil }Ke.le3I1CTblii OpraH nplIo6peTaer BTOpYIO
IpYHKLlIlIO opraHa-xeMopeLlemopa, 01111 ,AOJI}KHbl np113HaTb TaKIIlI1II
}Ke opraHall1lt II ,Apyrlle }KeJIe3bl - CJIe3Hble, CJIIOHHble, Ill.HTOBII,].-
HYIO, B KOTOpblX paBHblM 06pa30M npe.D.CTaBJIeHa MOIll.HaH '1YBCTBII-
TeJIbHaH HHHepBaLlHH.
KOJIe6"leT KOHLlenLlll1O ,Ae KaCTpo II CJIe,AYIOIll.ee. Cor.laCHO ee
CYIll.HOCTII, KapOTlI;J.Hoe TeJIO KOHTpOJ1llpyeT XIt!\1Il3M KpOBlI, HanpaB-
.1HIOIll.eHCH K M03ry. 3TO OCYIll.eCTBJIHeTCH TeM, lITO caMO KapOTH,AHoe
TeJIO nOJIY'IaeT apTepllaJIbHYIO BeTO'IKY OT Toro }Ke cocY;J.a, KOTOpblii
06eCne'll1BaeT KpOBOCHa6}KeHlle M03ra. Ho pKC ,AaBHO 6b1.10 113-
BeCTHo, '1TO IItaJIeHbKaH apTepllH, nllTaJOIll.aH KapOTlf.D.HOe TeJIO, :\IOiKeT
OTXO,AItTb II OT ,APymx BeTBeH o6Ill.eii COIIHOll apTepMlt, Hanpmlep,
OT a. carotis externa, pa3BeTBJI51IOIll.ei'lcH BHe nOJIOCTII '1epena.
A B ,AaJIbHei1WeM BblHCHHJIOcD, lITO Bce B03HlIKaJOIll.I1e B 06JIaCTil ,].eJle-
HIIH o6Ill.ell cOHHoll apTepllll apTepIlaJIbllble CTBOJlbl MOr)"T ObITb
IICTOllHlIKHMH nMT311IlH K3pOTII,'UlOro «rJIOIlI)'C3». TaK, ,13}KC y 'le.1013P[(3
229
KpOBOCHa6:>Kelll1e KapOTl1.D.HOro TeJla 1\I0:>KeT npOIlCXO,.lIlTb 3a ClJeT
BeTBeH II 3aThIJlOlIHOi"I, II rJloTolJlJoii apTepMii. Y )!{HBOTHbIX :>Ke Ka-
pOTII. HOe Te.'IO !\I0:>KeT nOJ1YllaTb I{POl.!b OT BeTBeii 3aTbIJlOlJHOii, r J10-
TOlJHOH, He6HoH apTepllii I1JIII ) a)Ke OT MeJIl\llX apTepl1aJlbHblX CTBO-
.'IIIKOB, p3Ccbmal0w.UXC5I B 01{PY:>K3101.llIIX l\IbIlliuaX, T.e. Y UeJIOrO pH,!!.a
)JmB :HbIX l, ,1.\a:>KC Y lleJIOBeKa HanpaBJlHI0w.a5lCH K M03ry KpOBh HM
O;\HOM CBoen lJHCTblO He nona,11.aeT B «rJlOMYC», a «r,,101\lyc» ,'{OJl:>KeH
KOHTpOJlUpOBaTb XMMII31\1 KpO-
BII, Tel{yw.eH K TKaHHM rJlOTKM
U lIe6a. A. II. CI\mpHoB(1952)
U LIaHPlapoeH, JJ,3J111 II illBeii-
uep (Chungcharoen, Daly a.
Schweitzer, 1952) npUBO,1.HT
nO,1.p06Hble CBe.D.eHU5I no BO-
npocy 0 KpoBOCHa6:>KeHIIII Ka-
pOTlI;\HOro TeJIa.
B KOHuenUMIO .D.e KaCTpo He
YKJIa.D.bIBaIOTCH MHome TBep,'{o
YCTaHOBJleHHble lpu3uoJIomeii
(paKTbl, KacalOlUlleCH IIMeHHO
XlIl\UllJeCKOH lJ)'BCTBlITeJIbHOCTM
oprallOB, nplITOl\l He TOJIbKO no
OTHOllielUlIO K Bew.eCTBaM, ;J.eH-
CTBYIOW.MM 113BHe, HO II Haxo-
.D.51W.UMC5I B KpOBM, OMblBalOIll.ei'1
ux napeHXIIMY. 3T11 lpaKTbI
...: MHOro pa3 6bIJIM 06HapY:>KeHbI
II nO;J.TBep)!{.D.eHbI B JIa60paTO-
pll5lX K. M. DhIKoBa H npllBo-
,1.5ITCH B pa60Tax ero COTPY,1.-
III1KOB (B. H. LIepHMroBcKlIii,
1940a, 6, B, 1941, 1943;
A. B. Pm<KJIb, 1941; O. C. Mep-
KVJIOBa, 1944, 1948; A. H. HBaHoB, 1945; E. A. Dopw.eBcKaH, 1945;
B'. A. J1e6e,'{eBa, 1947: O. C. MepKYJIOBa lIB. H. LIepHllroB-
CKMH, 1948; 3. ill. AiipaneTb5lHU, 1952).
Bce OHM CBM,!!.eTeJlbCTBYIOT, lJTO BHYTpeHHHe opraHbI 06JIa.D.a1OT
MOW.HhIMM MexaHH3MaMH xeMopeuenUHH. O.D.HaKO rHCTOJIOrllH He
3HaeT HMKaKUX YlJaCTKOB «rJIOMYCHOH» TKaHM, nO.D.06HOH TOH, 113
KOTOpOi'1 nOCTpoeH «glomus caroticum», U pacnOJlO:>KeHHoi'1 B Tex
ICCTax MX napeHxlIMbl, r;J.E' pemCTpaUI1H XI1MII3Ma KpOBU 51BJIHeTCH
lJpe3BbIlJaHHO Ba:>KHblM (!>3KTOPOM .[leHTeJlbIlOCTII caMMX opraHoB II
no,!!../(ep:>KaHI151 061.llero 6J1arOCOCT05lHM5I opraHlI3Ma.
He.D.apOM B. H. LIepHIlrOBCKllll (1947), pa36l1pa51 Bonpoc 0 Me-
XaH1I3MaX xeMopeuenWlll B oprallax, BbIH)':>K.[leH 6b1.1 nOCTaBI1Tb TKa-
HeBYIO KJleTK)' Ha MeCTO «rJloMycIIOii». 113 JlaJIblleihut'ro 6Y.D.eT HCHO,
lJTO J1106aH TKaHeBa51 KJIeTKa He MO)!{('T IIrpaTb B nOJIHoii 1\Iepe TY pO.1b,
KOTOPYIO ell npllnIlCbIBC1eT B. H. LIepHllroBclmii. Ho no OTHOllieHll1O
230
r--
I
!t
,',
. ,
. oj. . .:fj .
PUC. 142. 4YBCTDHTCJ1bllaH uliliepDa-
HHH naparallr,1J10llapllblx KJIeTOK H3
lIapY)Klloii 060JI01JKH JIer01JIIOH apTe-
pHU. MUKpOcjJOTO (06. 45x, OK. lO)x.
K KOHueIlll.lI1I C Kac-rpo 011 C013CpWCIiHO npa13- pel'llCTpaU 15I XI11\H13-
:\Ia I3I1YTPCIIHIIX oprallOB OCYLU.CCTBJISleTCH oe3 y'IaCTIIH «I' JlOMYCHblX»
K.leTOK.
COl3peMeHH<IH rIlCTO.l0nIH pacnOJWraeT Cl3e eHn5IMH 11 06 IIIfHep-
l3aUll1I WC, Y.'J.013 KOTopbIe OCYLU.CCTI3JIHIOT 13 opraHax 06MeH BeLU.eCTB
:\Ien ,:{Y nx napellxlIMoii II l pOBbIO. 13 al)xpepeHTHoli cBoeii lJaCTlI 31'<1
IIHllepl3C1l1.lIH npe,:{CTaB.'IeHa C.l0jKHbI!\I11 II TOHKO YCTpoeHHbI:\IH IJYU-
CTBIiTe"lbIlbl;\lII annapaTa:\III, KOTOpblC n03BOJlHIOT opraHIi3My perIl-
CTpllp013arb Bce :\lHoro06pa3l1e peaKUllii, 13 TOl\! lJlIC.le Ii XIIMHlJeCKI1X,
KOTopbIe CBSl3aHbI C 06NIeHO:\I BeLU.eCTB. O,:{HaKO Ii 3,'{eCb HIiKaKHX
«r.l0:\IYCHbIX» 13 C:\lbIC,le I mILlenLllIII ,'{C KaCTpo 06pa30BaHHH He
II:\IC'CTCH.
HaKOHeu. alla.1I13 cp1l3110.10rJllleCKIIX l\IeTO OB, npH nO:\IOLU.II KO-
TOpbIX L1BTOpbI (Xeii:\IaHC, 6YKKepT II PeHbe, 1 33; KOMpoe,
1939; XO:I.'IIIIIll1l1,:{, 19-16) ,:{OKa3blBalOT npaBoTY KOHuenUHII 06 op-
raHLlx-xe:\lOpcuenTopax KpOBl!, 06l1apYn{l1l3aeT. '11'0 3TH l\IeTO;J:bl lie
06.1a,:{L1IOT He06xo,:{II;\loiJ: ;J:"lH pell1eHlISl nOCTaB"leIlHoii 3a alJH TOHKO-
CTbIO. I3o-nepBbIX, BeLU.eCTBa, KOTopble aBTopbI BbI61!paJlH ,:{JlH 3KCne-
pmIeHTOI3 - ullaHII,'{bl, HHKOTIIH, Jl06eJlHH, He IIMelOT HIIlJero 00-
mero C TCMII, KOTopble nOpO:>K aIOT xeMopeuenTOpHbIe peaKLlIIH 13 op-
raIllI3;\IC. BO-BTOPbIX, caM (PH3HOoll0rWleCKHii 3KcnepHMeHT, Hecl\lOTpH
Ha CBOIO TeXH1IlJeCKYIO CJlO:>KHOCTb, He Be,AeT K HaMe4eHHOH ueJIlI.
B-TpeTbIlX, nOJlY4eHHbie ,'{aHHbIe lJaCTO TpaKTYIOTCH OlJeHb HaHBHO.
HanpllMep, XOJlJlI1Hll1I1,A (1 46), y,AaJlHH y :>KIiBOTHbIX KapOTIi,A-
HbIe Te"la II nepcpe3aH 6J1Y:>K,AaIoLU.lle IICpl3bl Ha wee, 06HapY:>KIiBaeT
y HlIX nO,'J."beM )(bIXaHlIH Ii KpOBSlHoro ,AaBJIeHIiH 13 OTBeT Ha IiH"beKUIiIO
1I.IIaHl!l OB IiJlIi B,:{blxaHIie a30Ta. ABTOp ClJIiTaeT, 4TO nOJlYlJl1J1 ,AOKa-
3aTeJlbCT13a nLlollJ1lIIIH J1Pyn1x COCY,AHCTbIX xeMopeuenTopOB, KpOMe
KapOTII,AHbIX H aOpTaJIbHbIX, BbIKJllOlIeHHbIX 11M 13 3TOM 3KcnepIiMeH-
Te. 3aTeM aBTOp np1l6aBJlHeT nepepe3KY '-IpeBHbIX HepBOB 1I BTOpIilJ-
HYIO nepepe3KY 6J1Y:>K aIOLU.lIX HepBOB no,A ,AllacpparMoiL OOJlYlJIiB
np1l 3TOM OTCYTCTBIie pecp.TJeKTOpHbIX OTBeTOB I1a BBe,AeHlIe uIiaHH,AOB,
OH ,:{YMaeT, '-11'0 6plOll1HOii BaraJlbIlblii naparaHrJIIIH HBoI1HeTCH opra-
HOM-xeMopeu.enTopOM.
XOJlJIllHll1l1,:{ COBepweHHO He npllHIIMaeT 130 BHIiMaHl1e, '11'0 uIia-
HI1,:{bI, BBe,AeHHbIe 13 opraHll3M nYTeM IiH"beKLlIHI Ii UIiPKYJlIipYIOLU.Iie
C JllIl\Icpoii 11 KpOBblO, HeNIHHyeMo 6Y,AYT B03;J.eHCTBOBaTb He TOJlbKO
Ha naparaHrJlIIII. rnleTaH ,:{blxaTe.'IbHbIe <pepMeHTbl Bcex KJIeTOK
opraHII3Ma, Ul1aHI1,:{bI BbI3bIBaIOT HepBIIbIe II MnYJlbCbl 13 peuenTopax
opraHOB Ii TKaHeH JlI06bIX 06J1aCTeii. 3T1I IIMnYJlbCbl H 6Y,AYT HalJaJlOM
pa3I1006pa3Hb1X pecp.TJeliTOpHbIX peaKUlliI, B TOM lJlICJle 1I Tex, KOTopble
XO.1J1I1Hll1Ii,A Ha6J1IO;J:aJl. PaBHbl;\I 06pa30NI OH He YlJlITblBaeT Ii Toro,
lITO 130 BTOpOH cepIiIl 3KcnepllMeHTOB, 13 KOTOpoii OH, KpO:\Ie Y!J:aJle-
HIIH KapOTII;J:llblX Teoll II nepepe3KII 6011Y>KJ1alOLU.IiX HepBOB Ha wee,
nepepe3aeT noc"le,:{Hlle eLU.e II no,:{ ,:{lIa<ppC1rI\lOH O,:{HOBpe:\leHHO C lJpeB-
HbnIII HepBaMIl. OH nepepe3aeT II orpOl\II10e KOJlIilJeCTBO lJYBCTBIiTeJlb-
HblX II nocTraIlr.TJIIOllapHblX CIli\IIlanl'leCKIIX BOJlOI\OH. 3TIiNI OH .1Ii-
maeT IleJlbIe 60:lbwlle oOJlacTIl Bl\IeCTe C IIX KpOBeHOCHblMIl cocyn.aMI1
31
(ll1eH, rpy,a.HaH 1I 6plOll1l1aH nOJIOCTb) B03MQ)!\lIOGlI BOCnpl1HIIMaTb
pa3,a.pmKeHlHI II ,a.aBaTb Ha III1X pe<jmcKToplible OTBeTbl, TaK KaK
C03,a.aeT B ,,)TUX 06J1aCTHX He TU.lbKO alleCTe311I0, HO H napa.ll1lJlI
COCy,a.IICTbIX CTeHOh.
YnpeK B lIe,TJ.OCTaTOlJHOii npO;J.YMaIlHOCTlI YCJlOBlIH 3KCnepl1:o.IeHT3
MOLKHO C,TJ.eJIaTb 11 KOMpoe (1939). .lJ.ellepBl1pOBaB 06e COHHbIe
apTepHII, OH BBO.'lIlJl B aopTY no Hanpa13JleHIIIO I{ cep,TJ.uy TOHI,;uii Ka-
TeTep C JI06e.lIIHOM II lillaHII;J.O:\1 1I OT:-.IC'la.1 :o.leCTO, npll conpliKocHO-
BeHlIU KOToporo C KaTeTepoM Y LKIIBOTHoro HaCTynaJla O;J.blll1Ka II
nOBblll1eHUe Kp0B51110ro ,TJ.aBJleHHH. Opu BCKpblTlIl1 OH 06Hap)')KlmaJl,
lJTO B 3THX CJlYlJaHX KOWIHK KaTeTepa Bcer;J.a pacnoJlaraJlCH Ha ypOB-
He OTXOLK,a.eHIIH COCY,TJ.IICTOfl BeTOlJKII. KOMpoe cjJ.eJlaJl 3aK.llOlJeIlIle,
'1TO 3Ta BeTO'IKa TIIlTaeT aOpTaJlbHbIe TeJla. 00 1\IHeIIlII0 Kmlpoe,
BBe,TJ.eHHbIe 13 aopTY BellleCTBa, ,TJ.OCTHraH C KpOBblO 3TOll BeTO'IKII
aOpTaJlbHbIX TeJl, pa3,TJ.pa>KaJOT HX, 6J1aro,a.apH lJeMY II B03HUKalOT
OTBeTHble peqJJleKTOpHbIe peaKliHH 13 BII,TJ.e O,a.blll1KH Ii nOBbIll1eHlIH KpO-
BHHoro ,TJ.aBJleIlHH.
O,a.WIKO H3 H3J10>KeHHOrO Bblll1e 1I3BeCTHO, 'ITO OKOJlOCep,a.ellHbIe
naparaHr JlHH 0611J1bHO npe,TJ.CTaBJleHbl BO MHorliX MeCTax o6J1acTlI
npe,TJ.Cep,TJ.HH 11 60Jlbll1HX COCY,TJ.OB H liTO TIIlTaHl1e HX OCYllleCTBJIHeTCH
3a ClJeT MHornx apTepUaJlbHbIX BeTBeH, OTXO,TJ.HllI.I1X 1I OT caMOH aopTbI,
II OT JleBOH KopOllapHOH apTepl1l1, II OT nO,TJ.KJllOlJHlJllbIX apTepUH,
H ,TJ.3>Ke OT JlerOlJHOH apTepHII. KpOMe TOro, KOMpoe He YlIeJl, lJTOlJpe3-
BbllJaHHO MHOrOlJHCJleHllbIe B 06J1aCTII ;J.yru aopTbl vasa vasorum
13 cBoefl KanIlJlJlHpHOH lJaCTH MorYT CTaTb I1CTOlJHIIKOM pecp.leKca
Ha XHMHlJeCKOe pa3,TJ.pa>KeHUe (CM. rJlaBY IV).
I1HTepecHo, lJTO KeHHH H HeHJI (Kenney a. Neil, 1951), BRO,TJ.5I, KaK
H KOMpoe, XHMII'leCKOe BellleCTBO 13 aopTY, nOJlYlJaJlll B Ka'leCTBe
oTBeTHoH peaKUl1H He nOBbIll1eHIIe, a na,TJ.eHIie KpOBHHoro ,TJ.aB.le-
HHH. B OTJll1lJUe OT KOMpoe KeHHII II HeflJl OTHeCJIlI Ha6J1IO;J:aeMbIe
HMH HBJleHHH He 3a ClIeT pa3,TJ.pa>KeHI1H xeMopeuenTopOB, a 33 ClIeT
HX BbIKJllOlJeHIIH.
MeTO,TJ.I1Ka E. A. MOHceeBa (1926), ll1l1pOKO I1CnOJlb30B3HHaH
13 Jla60paTopIlHx XeiiMaHca, a TaK)!{e C. B. AHII1IKOBbIM II ero co-
TpY,TJ.HHKaMH (c. B. AHHlJKOB, B. B. 3aKycoB, A. H. KY3HelioB 11
H. r. OOJlHlWB, 1935; A. v!. KY3HeuoB, 1938; H. r. OOJl51 KOB-
CTaHeBHlI, 1938; C. H. ACpaT5IH, 1938a, 6; C. H. AcpaTHH II
A. II. KY3HeuoB, 1938; C. B. AHlllJKOB, 1947; C. B. AHUlIKOB 11
M. A. EeJleHbKIIH, 1948; M. A. DeJ1eHbKIIH, 1949; C. B. AHlilIKOB
II T. H. TOMUJlHHa, 1950; T. H. TOMIIJlIIHa, 1 50; C. B. AHII%OB,
1952), He ,TJ.aeT nOJlHOH YBepeHHOCTII B B03MOLKHOCTII pa3,TJ.eJlbHoro
B03,TJ.eHCTBHH Ha KapOTII,TJ.HbIH ClIHYC II KapOTlI,TJ.HbIH «rJlOMYC»_ 06
3TOM CneUHaJlbHO rOBopllT H. r. OOJlHKOB-CTaHeBlIlI (1938).
3To nOJlOLKCHlle npIl06peTaeT oc06ylO y6e, lITeJlbHOCTb, eCJlII npIl-
HHTb 130 BHIIMaHne Bce BapnaHTbI OTXO>K,TJ.eHIIH OT COIIHbIX apTE'pllH
COCY,TJ.OB, KOTopbIe cHa6>KalOT KpOBblO KapOTlI,TJ.HbIH «r JlOMYC».
He,TJ.oCTaTOlJHOCTb MeTO,TJ.I1KII E. A. MOHceeBa (1926) ,TJ.JlH pemellllH
BonpocoB 0 CneUHaJlbHOH H cnemapIllJE'CKOflllYBcTBHTeJlhHOCTn Kapo-
232
TII.D.Horo «rJIOMyca» nO.D.lIepKH8aeTC5I H YKa33HHeM C. B. AHHqK08a,.
B. B. 3aKYC08a, A. H. Ky:meLl08a H H. r. n0J151K08a (1935) Ha TO,
-ITO peqJJleKTOpHbIe Sm.leHIl H. Bbl3bIBaeMbIe BBe;J.eHHeM pa3;J.pa:>KalO-
I..U.IIX BeI..U.eCTB 8 KapOTII.D.HYIO 06JIaCTb, He OTJIHlIalOTCH OT Tex, KOTOpbIe-
BbI3bIBalOTCH BBe.D.eI-IHeM 3THX :>Ke BeI..U.eCTB B COCY.D.bl KOHeqHOCTH,
coe.D.HHeHHoli C TeJIOM TOJIbKO npH nOMOI..U.II HepBa.
LLe KaCTpo ClIHTaeT, liTO KJIeTKH KapOTH.D.Horo «rJIOMyca», B npo-
TOnJIa3Me KOTOpblX OKaH1IHBalOTCH pa3JIHqHbIMH IpH6pHJIJIflpHbIMH
nJIaCTHHKaMH H KOJIeqKaM!1 BOJIOKHa H3bIKOrJIOTOQHOrO Hep8a,
HBJIHKJTCH cBoe06pa3HbIMH nocpe.D.HHKaMH Me.fK.D.Y CTHMYJIOM H pa3-
BeTBJIeHJieM QyncTBHTeJIbHOrO BOJIOKHa. MeHHH no.D. BJIHHHHeM XH-
MHQecKoro 803.D.elIcTBHH CBOH MeTa60JIH3M, 3TH KJIeTKH .D.eJIaIOTCH
HCTOQHHKal\fH :JHeprn II , KOTopaH BbI3bIBaeT B036Y:>K.D.eHHe B HepBHOM
npOBO,TJ.HHKe. TeM caMbIM OHH BbIcTynaloT B pOJIH TpaHclpopMaTopOB.
O,TJ.HOrO BH.D.a 3Hepnm B .D.PyroH - B .D.aHHOM CJIYllae OHH npeBpa-
lllalOT 3HeprnIO XHMlllieChHX peaKLlHH 8 TaKYlO, KOTopaH BocnpH-
HHMaeTCH Y:>Ke HepBHbIM OKOHlIaHHeM, nopO:>K.D.a51 8 HeM HepBHblH
IIMnYJIbC.
O.D.HaKO HY:>KHO CKa3aTb, 4TO II.D.eH 06 YQacnm B BocnpHHTHH
pa3,'tpa:>KeHHH, KpoMe HepBHoro OKOHllaHUH, H BcnOMOraTeJIbHOH
KJIeTKH, npUHa.D.JIe:>KHT He .D.e KaCTpo.
Ew.e 11. M. Ce4eHoB (18666, 1867) rOBOpllJI 0 nOCpe.D.CTBYlOlllHX
MexaHH3Max, cnoc06HbIX npeBpaI..U.aTb 3HeprnIO cneuulpHQeCKHX
pa3.D.pa:>KIITeJIeH B B036Y:>K;J.eHlle Hep8Horo BOJIOKHa. M. .D.. J1a8.D.oB-
CKIIII (1879), om1ca8 B COCTaBe QY8CTBI1TeJIbHblX TeJIeLl KO:>KH BO.D.-
HbIX nTHU oc06bIe Kpymlble KJIeTKlI, pacnOJIO:>KeHHbIe B KanCYJIax
O.D.Ha Ha.D. .D.pyroli II nepeCJIOeHHble HepRHbll\fH .D.HCKaMH, no CYllle-
CTBY MoplpOJIOrnQeCKI1M MeTO,TJ.OM 06HapY:>KHJI nocpt:.D.cT8YI01llI1e Me-
xaHll3MbI, 0 KOTOpblX rOl30pHJI 11. M. Ce1IeHoB. B pa60Te K. A. ApH-
llITeHHa «KoHueBbIe annapaTbI 8KYC080ro HepBa» (1893) TalOKe nO.D.HHT
Bonpoc 06 3TIIX KJIeTKax. B .D.aJIbHeHllleM K. A. ApHlllTeHH He-
o.D.HoKpaTHo B03BpaI..U.3JICH K HeMY. TaK, Ha O.D.HOM 113 3ace.D.aHHH
06111eCTBa HeBpOnaTOJIOrOB npll Ka3aHCKOM YHHBepCHTeTe OH Bbl-
CTynHJI C ;J.OKJIa.D.Ol\l (\OnbIT CHCTeMaTHKH HepBHblX OKOHQaHHll»
(1898). B npeHHHX no 3TOMY .D.OKJIa.D.Y YII3CT80BaJI H. A. MHCJIaB-
CKHH, KOTOpbIH II c(pOPMYJIHpOBaJi nO.TJO.fKeHUe 0 HaJ1H 1 llJH B COCTaBt
lIYBCTBHTeJIbHbIX OIiOHliaHIIH cneulllpH1lecl<U npHcnoc06JIeHHblX KJIe-
TOK - TpaHclpopl\laTOpOB 3HeprHH, TaKHX, KaK naJI04KH H KO.l-
6QQKH CeTllaTKH, CJIYXOBbIe KJIeTKH KopTHe8a opraHa 11 BKYCOBbIe
KJIeTKH 8KYCOBbIX plOMOK, BCTaBJIeHHblX Me:>K.D.Y B03.D.eHcTBYlOlllHMH J
lpaKTopaMH H HepBHbIMH 3JIeMeHTaMH. I I. A. MHCJIaBCKl1lI npe.D.JIO:>KH:1
;J.a2Ke KJIaCclllpllLlllpoBaTb QYBCTRHTeJIbHbIe OKOHII3HIIH IIMeHHO no 3TO-
MY npH3HaKY Ha.TJHlIIIH B HHX BcnOMOraTeJIbHbIX CTPYKTYP, B TOM QIlCJIe
H 3THX cneUlUpHlieCKHX KJIeTOK. B. M. EeXTepeB (1896a) B CBoell
paOOTe 06CY:>K,TJ.aeT 3TOT )j{e Bonpoc.
MbICJIb If. 1\\. CelieHoBa (1867) 0 TpaHccpopMHp)"IOI..U.HX 3Heprmo.
pa3.D.pa:>KIITeJIH MexaHll3Max B peLlenTopax pa3B11BaeT H 11. n. naB-
JIOB (1928).
233.
B .D.aJIbHeiimeM HaKOnIIJIOCb MHOro J\a£lIIbIX B nOJIb3Y YTBep.IK;J.e-
HIUJ, lITO 3TII KJIeTKn-TpaHCcpOpMaTOpbl lIJIIl CneUllaJIbHble KJIeTKlI,
KaK I1X H33hmaJI E. I L JlaBpeHTbeB (J 943), .D.eiiCTBlITeJIbHO, IIrpalOT
GOJIblllYIO PO,,'1b B peuenmlII, nplI1JCM He TO.TIbKO XIIMII1JeCKoii. OCO-
6eHHO MHoro TaKIlX K';leTOK 06HapY.i1,CBO B COCTaBC peuemopOB rJIa,:{-
KHX MbllllU (T.1\. fplIropbeBa, 1948, 1931a, 1952), penemopoB,
pacnOJIO.IKeHHblX Ha MeJIKI1X cocy,{ax -- apTepno.lax, l,anll.l.'151paX
11 BeHy.TIaX (T. A. fpl1rOpbCBa, 1948, 1951a) II R MlIoKap;I.e
(E. K. OJIe1JKOBa, 1948a; H. A. 4cpBoBa, 1950).
B03HHKaeT Bonpoc, 1\10.i1\H0 Jill «rJIOl\lycIIbIe ), no TCpl\lIlHOJIOrml
.D.e KaCTpo, KJIeTKII KapOTlI,'.{Horo TC.'1a OTO}l{.D.eCTBJI5ITb co cneUlla,,'1b-
HblMH KJIeTKal\llI-TpaHccpopMaTopa:\HI, CTOJIb Ba.IKHbll\1II B cpYHKUUO-
HHpoBaHliH MHorlIX peuerlTOpoB. B HaCT05lllJ.nii l\IOlI-ICHT Ha 3TOT 80-
npoc Ha,'.{o OTBeTHTb OTplIUaTeJIhIlO. 3TO Y.lKe II c,:{e.TIaHO r. <l>. HBa-
HOBblM (1952) B ero BblcTynJIeIlll11 no .D.OKJIa.D.aM rl_ A. CMlIpHoBa
(1952) H E. K. OJIe1JKOBOH (J 952) Ha KOHcpepeHuulI «HepBHa51 pery-
JI51UH51 Kp08006pallJ.eHII5I H .D.bIXaIIII5l». O,'.{HaKo B CBOe:\1 CTpeMJIeHlIII
CIIl1TaTb YKa3aHIlble IweTKII onopllbl:\1II r. <l>. IIBaHoB He Y1JHTbIBaCT,
lfTO B KapOTlI,'.{HbIX TeJIaX, KpoMe Tex, KOTOpblC OH Ha3bIBaCT onop-
HblMH, HMeeTC5I 60JIbllIOe 1JHCJIO KJICTOK CI1HTe3upYIOw.IIX a,'.{peHaJIIIH.
BblllIe Y.lKe 6b1JIO CI<33aHO, 1JTO XpOMa(pqJIIHHOe II apreHTacp-
cpl1HHOe Bew.eCTBO, KOTopoe 803HIIKaeT B KJIeTKaX KapoTII,'.{Horo TeJIa,
no XHMHlfeCKHM peaKUII51M 1I no cpl13IIOJIOrII1JCCKOMY .D.eHCTBHlo Hl11JeM
He OTJIH I laeTC5I OT TaKOBoro .lKe, B03HIIKalOw.ero B KJIeTKaX 1\I03rOBOro
BellJ.CC'fBa Ha.D.nOlfelfHHKOB. 3Ta .lKeJIC3IICTa51 (PYHKUII5I KJIeTOK Kapo-
TH.D.HOrO TeJIa nO.D.TBep.IK.D.CHa ueJlblM p5l,nOM MOP<P0JIOrII1JeCKHX IIC-
'CJIe.D.OBaHHH (WTIIJIJII1Hf, 1892; KOB, 1902; MeHKeH6epr, 1905;
)Kepap H EHJIJIHHrCJIH, 1923; PnreJIe, 1928; ECTfeHKYP, 1939) U
oc06eHHo XOJIJIHHllllI.D.OM (1942, 1943), oOHapY.lKI1Bllll1M B HIIX
06HJIbHblH XOH.D.PI10M H cpYKcHHO(!mJIbHYIO 3epHlIcToCTb.
TpeTb51 npH1JHHa 3anYTaHHocTu KOHUenul1ii 0 naparaHrJIH5IX
3aKJIlOlfaeTC51 B TOM, lfTO I1CCJIe.D.OBaTeJIII, 06HapY.IKUB, 1JTO naparaH-
r JIHH JIe}!{aT 8 MeCTax, r.ne pa38eTBJI5II0TC5I 513blKor JIOT01JHbIH H
6JIY.IK.D.alOw.l1e HepBbl, He MOrJIII pa306paTbC5I BO B3alIMOOTHOllleHII5IX
naparaHrJIHOHapHblX H HepBHblX CTPYKTYp. B03HHKJII1 npe.D.CTaB.'Ie-
H1I5I 06 HHHepBaUHH naparaHrJIIIOHapHblx I{JIeTOK 3a C1JeT nperan-
rJIHOHapHblx BOJIOKOH 3TI1X HepBoB (>I\epap H EIIJIJIlIHrCJIl1, 1923;
fypMaqrraH, 1935), n05lBIIJIlICb TepMIIHbl «napacu:\maTH1JeCKuih>,
«8araJlbHblii» naparaHr JIllii (CCTO, 1935; fyp:\lacpTaii, 1935; fypMacp-
TaH H OaHbe, 1939) _ CTa,'11I npOTlIBOnOCTa8JI5ITb x pOMacpcplIHlIble
.CHMnaTHlfeCKHe, Bbl,'.{eJI5IIOw.ne a,:{peHaJIlIH, naparaHr.lllU «napaclI:\-l-
naTI11JeCKIIM». YM03plITeJIbHO npHnHCaJIU 3TUM noc.TIe,:{HIIM Bbl,:{e.1C-
Hlie .D.enpeccopHblX Bew.eCTB TOJlbKO Ha ToM OCHOBaHUlI, 1JTO OHU .1C-
}I,aT 8 06JIaCT5IX, C cocy.nOB KOTOpbIX npu nOBblllleHlIll B HUX ,:{a8JIeHIl51
B03H1IKaIOT .D.enpeCCopHble peqmeKCbI.
H XOT5I He 6blJIO HHKaKnx peaJIbllblX 4anHblX B nO.;lb3Y Bblll,e.'!e-
HH5I naparaHr JII10HapHoii KJICTKOii CIIHOKapOTlI,:{HOH II Kap.D.IIO-
aOpTaJIbHOii 06JIaCTII 3Tnx .D.cnpeCCopnblX 8ew.eCTB, CTa.1H npOTliBO-
234
nOCTaSJl5JTb npeCCOplible naparaHrJllU1 ,a.enpcccopHblM, T. e. CTaJlH
cpaBHIIBaTb HecpaBHIIMble BeLU.lI: a,TJ.peHaJIHII - C TeppHTopHeH,
Ha hOTOpOH paCnOJlOLKeli naparaHrJllIH.
DocJle pa60T J1.e KaCTpo 11 HOHH} el a, 06HapYLKHBWIIX lIYBCTBH-
Te.lbHYIO IfHHepBaUIIIO K3pOTIf,:{HbIX II 30pTaJlbHblX TeJl, cpe,TJ.1f «napa-
CIli\maTHlIeCl<HX» naparalIrJlIICB CTaJllI Bbl,:{eJl5lTb oc06Yl0 rpynn)'
lIYBCTBIfTeJlbHblX, ,a.3 eLU.e CB5J3aHHblX C «aBTOHOMHbIMIf» lIYBCTBH-
Te.lbHbl:\1iI HepBHbll\UI BOJlOKHai\Ul (rypl\laq)Taii, 1 Y35).
.JPYrHMII CJlOnaMlI, 1i3-3a HenpaSIIJlbllOii OUCHKII R3aHMOOTHO-
llleHllii naparaHr.rmoHapHoii TK3HIf, pacnOJlOLKeHHOH B weilHoH H OKO-
JlOCep,TJ.ellHOH 06J1aCT5IX, C 513blKor JlOTOllHblM H 6J1YLKJ1.aJOLU.HM Hep-
Bal\1II H B03H1IJ.;.'l1i cneKYJlHTIIBHble TpaKToBKIi 3TI1X naparaHrJll1eB.
ELU.e K03e (1 Y07) YKa3bIBaJl, liTO naparaHrJ1HH, paCnOJlOLKeHHble
lIa wee 11 B OKOJlOCepJ1.ellHoii 06J1acTlI, 60Jlbllla51 lIaCTb KJleTOK KOTOpblX
OOblllHO HexpOMaqxpllHH3, Bcer,a.a JleLKaT B HenocpeJ1.CTBeHHOH 6J111-
30CTII K CHMnaTHlIeCKHM Y3J1aM, 06liJlbHO npeJ1.CTaBJleHHblM B 3THX
YlIaCTKax. CHMnaTHlIeCKlie KJleTKII B COCTaBe KapOTlIJ1.HOrO naparaH-
1'.'11151 113BeCTHbl CO BpeMeH ,JllowKa (1862) 11 KOHa (1899). 06J11130CTH
aOpTa.ilbHblX naparaHrJlHeB K CHMnaTIflleCKHM V3J1aM rOBOpHJllI My-
paTopH (1937) II DaJlbMe (1934).
Ca1\1H C03J1.aTeJlH cneKYJl5lTHBHblX KOHuenuHH 0 «BaraJlbHbIX»
naparaHr JlH5IX OTMelfalOT, liTO Bce CepJ1.ellHble naparaHrJlHH HaXOJ1.51T-
C5I nOCT05lHHO B TeCHOM COceJ1.CTBe C HepBHblMH Y3J1aMH (DaHbe, 1935;
ryp:lIaqJTaii H naHbe, 1939).
Ha pHC. 46, 51 H 143 npeJ1.CTaBJleH Haw c06CTBeHHbIH MaTepli aJl ,
KaCalOLU.IIHC5I TeCHbIX TepplITOpHaJlbHbIX B3al1MOOTHOllleHHH napa-
raHr.1l1eB OKOJlOCepJ1.elfHOH 06J1aCTH H y3J10B aBTOHOMHOfl HepBHOH
CIiCTeMbI.
Ha,a.o CKa3aTb, 'I TO , HeCMOTp51 Ha TO, 'I TO OKOJlOCepJ1.elfHble 11 Kapo-
TII,'lHble naparaHr JlHII paCnOJlOLKeHbI lIa TeppHTopHH pecpJleKCOreH-
HbIX 30H cOCyJ1.IICTbIX - B TOM lIHCJle H J1.enpeccopHblX - pecpJle-
KCOB, OHII Haxo,a.51TC5I B THrIlillHOii J1.Jl5I naparmlr JlBeB 6J1H30CTH C Y3-
.1a:l1ll aBTOHOMHOii HepBHOH CIiCTeMbl H B 3TOI\I CMblCJle He npeJ1.CTaB-
Jl5Il0T HIiKaKIiX oc06eHHOCTeH no cpaBHeHHIO C J1.PYrHMH naparaH-
fJ1ll5l:l1il.
He060CHOBaHIIOCTb 3aKJlIOlleHHii 06 IIHHepBaIlIlB naparaHrJlHeB
nperaHrJlIiOHapHblMH BOJlOKHaMIl pa306paHa HaMH BblIlle. H no OT-
HoweHli1O K KapOTHJ1.HblM II OKOJlOCep,a.elIHblM naparaHr JIlj5lM, 3TH
3aK.lJlOlfeHHH nOKOHTCH Ha HenpaBHJlbHOH TpaKTOBKe CPYHKUHOHaJlb-
HOr, npHHaJ1.Jle)!\HOCTH pa3BeTBJlHIOIUIlXC5J B naparaHrJIHOHapHOH TKa-
HII HepBHblX BOJlOKOH - lIYBCTBl1TeJlbHble HepBbl npllHHTbl 3a npe-
ralIr.lIlOHapHble.
J bBeCTHO, liTO 6.1YLKJ1.aJOLU.IIH HepB co,a.epLKIiT 60JlblllOe KOJll1l1e-
CTBO acpcpepeHTHblX BOJlOKOH, KOTopble, HBJlH5ICb OTpOCTKal\IH K.1eTOK
gangl. nodosum, 06pa3YloT peuenTopHblC OlWIJlIaIIllH BO MHon1X
opraHax rpy,a.HoH nO.lOCTII. B TOM lIlICJle B Ayre aopTbl 11 B caMOM
cep;tue. HeCOMHeHHO, Ollii )j{C 06ecnellliBaJOT llYBCTBHTeJlbHYIO IlH-
HepBaIUlIO II OKo.'lOCepJlellHbIX naparalIr.'llleS, KaK lfYBCTBHTC.'lbllble
235
BOJIOKHa H3bIKOrJIOT04HOrO HepBa - OTpOCTKII KJleTOK gangl. pet-
rosum -o6ecne411BaIOT 4YBCTBHTeJIbHOCTb KapOTH.D.Horo naparaHf.111H
C e KaCTpo, 1926, 1929). no OTHOIlleHHIO K nepBblM ::no nOKa3aJIH
HOHH.D.eLl (1935c, 1936, 1937b), A. 4epHHxoBCKHif (1938) II XOJI-
JIHHIllH.D. (1940b).
B lpaKTe )Ke 4YBcTBHTeJIbHoi'I I1HHepBam1lf naparaHrJIHeB qepe-
nHOM03rOBbIMH HepBaMH HeT HH4ero H3 pH.D.a BOH BbIXO.D.51LU.ero.
4YBcTBHTeJIbHble BOJIOI<Ha 4epenHoMo3roBblx HepBoB HB.TIHIOTCH a6.
'.rw/I';\
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PHC. 143. naparaHrJlHll B lIapY>KIIOll 060JlO1JKe Jler01JIIOll apTepHII.
Teclloe OTIIOllJeliHe ero K lIepBllblM CTBOJIaM H lIepBllblM Y3JIaM.
MHKpOcjJOTO (06.45 X, OK. 10 x).
COJIIOTHO H.D.eHTH4HbIMH TaKOBbIM )Ke CnIJHHOM03rOBblX - H Te"
H .D.pyme npe.D.CTaBJIHlOT C060H nepHlpepl14eCKlie OTpOCTKH nCeB.D.O-
YHHnOJIHpHblX KJIeTOK 4YBCTBHTeJIbHbIX Y3JIOB.
Ha06opOT, TaKaH llHHepBaLlHH C6JIH:>KaeT naparaHr JIll 11 mel1
H rpY.D.HOH nOJIOCTH C M03rOBbIM BeLU.eCTBOM Ha.D.n04e4IIIIKa, KOTOpbIH
CBOH 4YBCTBHTeJIbHble HepBbl nOJIY4aeT OT CnIIHHOM03rOBbIX Y3JIOB
(B. 11. l1JIbHHa, 1948; Kiss, 1951), T. e. OT 06pa30BaHHl'I, rOl\!OJIOrII4-
HbIX 4YBCTBlneJIbHblM Y3JIaM H3blKOrJIOT04Horo H 6.'lY)I{.D.alOLU.ero
HepBOB.
4peBHblH)Ke HepB, B IWTOpOM cO.D.ep)KaTC51 II 'IYBCTBllTeJlbHble
BOJIOKHa, HBJIHeTCH nOJIHbIM rOMOJIOrOM 6JIY)I{.D.alOLU.ero H H3bIKOr.'IO-
T04Horo HepBOB.
TaKHM 06pa30M, Bce npl13HaKH - MeCTOnOJIO)j{eHHe, BacKY,1H-
pll3aLlHH H HHHepBallHH, KOTopble aBTopbI XOTeJIlI C.D.eJIaTb OCHOBa-
HHeM .D.JIH npH3HaHHH HCKJIlOlIHTeJIbHOCTH IlleifHblX II OKOJIOCep e4-
236
HblX naparaHrmleB, HBJIHIOTCH a6COJIIOTHblMH JlOKa3aTeJIbCTBaMH
nO.1HOfi HJleHTIIIJHOCTlI 3THX 06pa30BalIIIll co BCeMH OCTaJIbHblMH
naparaHrJIHHMIf OpraHH3l\1a.
Bce 3TO OTHOCliTCH H K UplOlUHOMY BaraJIbHOMY naparaHrJIHIO
rypMaqrraH H XOJI.rII1HlUIIJla, KOTOpblll K TOMY :>Ke HB:IHeTCH, nOBH-
.lI.lIMOMY, npOCTO IJaCTblO naparaHrJIHOHapHOll TKaHH, CTOJIb 06HJIbHO
npe,:{CTaBJIeHHOll B 3a6plOlUHHHOM npOCTpaHCTBe.
TaKHM 06pa30M, HY:>KHO COrJIaCHTbCH C BaH KaMneHxYToM (1946),
KOTOpbIfi KpllTHKOBaJI rypMa<pTaH H naHbe (1939) 3a C03JlaHHe ny-
TaHOIf KOHLlenLlHH «BaraJIbHblX» naparaHrJIHeB, II npH3HaTb, IJTO Bce
naparaHrmIH opraHII3Ma no cBoeMY CTpoeHHIO, lIHHepBaLlHH H <PYHK-
LlIfOHaJIbHoMY 3HaIJeHIII0 51BJI5IIOTCH BnOJIHe COBna.[l310111IfMH CTpYK-
Typ3 m.
ECTb H ellle nplflIllHbl C03.[laBlUeHCH nYTaHHLlbl B npe,:{cTaBJIeHHHX
o naparaHr.1HHx, HO HBJIHlOlllHeCH Y:>Ke He CTOJIb CYIlI.eCTBeHHblMH,
KaK pa306paHHble BbllUe. O.[lHa H3 HlIX, B IJaCTHOCTl1, 3aKJIIOIJaeTCH
B HenpaBlIJIbHOll TpaKTOBKe MexaHlI3Ma KpOBOCHaO:>KeIUlH naparaH-
rJIlIOHapHOH TKaHH.
KaK Y:>Ke 1\1II0ro pa3 rOBOpHJIOCb, Bce lICCJIeJlOBaTeJIH eJlllHO-
JlYlUHO OTMeIJaJOT 06HJIlIe TOHKOCTeHHblX COCYJlOB B naparaHrJIIIHX
He3aBliCliMO OT IlX XpOMa<P<PHHHOCTH H TeCHoe OTHOlUeHHe 3THX CO-
CY.10B K naparaHrJIIIOHapHbl:\1 KJIeTKaM. ApHOJIbJl(1865) II A. .D.oCToeB-
CKllfi (1884) IJa3bIBaJIII Ha 3TOM OCHOBaHHH KapOTHJllIblfi naparaH-
rJlIIfi CKon.'IeHllei\! COCYJlHCTblX KJIy6KOB. Wanep (1892), OTl\IeIJaH
TeCHoe OTHOlUelllle COCYJlOB K KJIeTKaM glandula carotica, ClIHTaJi
3TO <paKTopoM <P1I3HO.l0fll ' lecKoro B3aHMO.[leikTBHH. Bax{Hoe <PYHKLlHO-
HaJIbHOe 3HaIJellIle TOHKOCTeHHblX KarIllJIJI5IpOB M03rOBoro Be-
llleCTBa Ha.[lnO'leIJHIIKOB npeKpacHo nOHIIMaJI A. C. .D.oreJib (1894),
nepBbIH Ha OClIonalIIIII aHaJIII3a CB5I3I1 X pOI\lacl)(IJIIII Hofl KJIeTKlI II
KarIllJIJIHpa BblCKa3aBlUlII i nO.10MeHlle 06 3HJlOKpllHlIOii npllpo.[le
naparaHrJIIIOHapllofi TKallli. H Bee OCTaJIbHble - KOH (1899,
1903), LLYKepKaHMb (1901), A. A. EOrOMOJlell (1909), n. .D.H3.[le-
peB (1909), B. D.3epMIIHclmii (1910) If I\UlOflie JlpYflIe-B KalJeCTBe
OCHOBHoro cBOIfcTBa naparaHrJIlleB ynOMIllJaJIII HX 06HJIbHYIO
BacKyJIHpH3aLlllIo II OUIIJIbHOe HaJIHlJIIe TOHKOCTeHHblX KarIl(.TIJIHpOB
Tl1rIa eIlHycOIIJlOB, K 31I.[lOTeJIHIO KOTOpblX TeellO nplI.1C)KaT [{JIeTlnI
napeHXlli\lbl 3TIIX opraHoB.
1-1 B JlaJIbHcfilUeM, Kor Jla II HTepeebl I1ccJIeJlonaTCJIell COCpe.[lOTO'Ill-
JIIICb rJIaBHbl:\1 06pa30:\1 Ha I13YlJeHIIII KapoTII;J.llblX H eepJlellHo-aop-
ra.1bHblX naparallrJIlleB, nonpen\:HeMY OTl'vlellaJIII TO )Ke eaMoe-
0611JIbHOe KpOBoeHa6)j{eHlle II 60JlblUoe KOJIHlJeCTBO KarIllJIJIHpOB lI.'I1I
«cl1HyeOIlJlOB» B TeCIlOH CB5I3l1 C HX KJIeTOllHblMH 3JIeI\leHTaMli. TaK,
C'Ule (1924) Ha3bIBaJJa KapOTII.[lHOe TeJIO COCYJlIfCTO-napeHxlIMaT03-
HblM KOMnJIeKCOi\I, .D.pllnnc II K.oMpoe (1944) onlellaJIlI, lJTO KJIeTKH
naparaHrJIlleB OXBa'IeHbl co Beex CTOpOH TOHKOCTeHHblMII CII, Hycal\lII
a Eyacee30H (1943) YKa3bIBaJl Jlan\:e Ha lIeCOOmeTeTBIle TaKoro 1\13-
.'IeHbKOro opraHa, l aK KapOTIIJlHOe TeJIO, lUll POKO!\IY ,'lH3:\1eTpy cHa6-
)KalOlllefl era apTepHII.
237
B CpaBHHTeJlbHO He aBHee BpeM5I 6blJIH BCKpblTbI II 60Jlee TOH-
KHe MeXaHlJ3Mbl I<pOBOCHa6)j{eHII5I naparaHrJlHOHapHOH TKaHIL fyp-
MalpTaH H OaHbe (1939) 06HapY)j{I1J1H B oKoJlOCep eqHbIX naparaH-
rJlHHX apTepl10-BeH03HbIe aIlaCTOM03bI II clpmlKTepo06pa3HbIe l\IeXa-
HI13MbI B MeCTax Bna.[leHHH KarmJlJlHpOB B BeHbI. ApTepIl0-BeH03Hble-
aHaCTOM03bI 6bIJlH 06HapY)j{eHbl 11 B KapoTlI.[lHOM TeJle (Eyacce30H,
1943, 1944; .[le KaCTpo, 1951).
Ho 3TH CaMI1 no ce6e CTOJlb nOHHTHbIe C TOqKH 3peHIIH 3H OKpI1H-
HOH IpYHI<UlIlI BaCKYJlHpH3yeMoH TI<aHH lpaKTbl 6bIJlH I1CnOJlb30BaHbI
HCCJle.[lOBaTeJlHMH .[lJlH nOCTpoeHHH cneKYJlHTHBHblX I<OHuemlIlH OT-
HOCI1TeJlbHO I<pOBOCHa6)j{aIOIllI1X MexaHH3MOBI1 I<pOBOCHa6)j{aeMbIX
CTPYKTYp.
B npeJlbl.[lYllleH rJlaBe pa 06paH HMelOlllHHCH B JIllTepaType Ma-
TepHaJl 0 perYJlHpOBaHHI1 MeCTHoro opraHHoro KpOBOTOKa B COOT-
BeTCTBl111 co cneUHlplJKOH eHTeJlbHOCTI1 opraHOB. Cpe.[l11 MeXaHlJ3-
MOB, npl1HlJMalOlllHX yqaCTl1e B 3TOM perYJll1pOBaHl1l1, CYIlI.eCTBeH-
HaH pOJlb npI1Ha Jle)j{I1T apTepHO-BeH03HbIM ap.aCTOM03aM - OHI1
06J1a aIOT cnoc06HOCTblO no BJlI1HHl1eM HepBHbIX B03 eikTBHII,
H3MeHHH umpHHY CBoero npOCBETa, YMeHblllaTb HJlH YBeJlHqH-
BaTb npHTOK KpOBH B KanH.'IJl5JpbI, T. e. K napeHXHMaT03HOH
KJleTKe.
IllyMaxep )j{e (1938) nOnbITaJlCH HCTOJlKOBaTb «Hexpoll-13qxfJIIH-
HbIH» naparaHrJlHH KaK KOMnJleKC apTepHo-BeH03HblX aHaCTOM030B,
B KOTOpOM pOJlb HexpoMa£i.!cpl1HHbIX naparaHr JlHOHapHbIx KJleTOK
IlrpalOT 3nHTeJlHOH Hble KJleTKH cOCY.[lI1CTOH CTeHKH. IllYMaxep
YTBep)!{)J.aJl, qTO 3TI1 KJleTKH npOl:cXO.[lHT H3 MH06J1aCTOB, a He H3 BE'-
BpaJlbHbIX 3aqaTKOB, 11 qTO OHH npH06peTalOT cnoc06HOCTb ceuep-
HHpOBaTb. TaK HK06b1 nOCTpoellbl aOpTaJlbHbJe, KapOTH HbIe, 6plOlll-
HbIe, BHYTpHrJla3HH l IHbIe naparaHrJlHlJ, XBOCTOBbIe n KOnqHKOBbIe
TeJla H apTepHO-BeH03HbIe aHaCTOM03bI naJlbueB. LlJlH Bcex HX llly-
Maxep npe JlaraeT Ha3BaHHe «rJlOMYC» HJlH «rJlOMepYJla».
Bonpoc 06 3rIllTeJllJOlJ.[lHbIX KJleTKaX COCY HCTOH CTeHKH pa30-
6paH B npe bI YllleH rJlaBe. Ha npHMepe pa360pa npe.[lJlo)j{eHnii
lllYMaxepa eIll.e 60Jlee HCHOH eJlaeTCH He06xo HMOCTb OTKa3aTbCH OT
TepMHHoB, no 06paHHbIx no nplIHlumy TOJlbKO BHelllHero CXO,:{CTBa
0603HaQaeMblX CTPYKTYP, II nOJlb30BaTbCH Ha3BaHIIHl\m, 060CHOB2H-
HbIMII C1 PYKTypHbIMI1 11 CPYHKUHOH3J1bHbIMH 3aKoHoMepHOCTHl\UI 060-
3HaQaeMbIx HBJleHI11L HOHH eIl, HanpHMep, TalOKe ynoTpe6J1.HeT
TepMHH «3nHTeJlI10HJ].HaH KJleTKa» no OTIIOllleHHlO K 3J1eMeHTa:\1 aop-
TaJlbHbIX naparaHrJlHeB. B OTJlJ11ll1e OT WYMaxepa 011, O HaKO, He-
np0I13BO.[lI1T HX 113 MI106J1aCTOB. CJle YH TE'pMI1HOJlOnm J1e KaCTpo.
OH Ha3bIBaeT POX «rJlOMYCHbIMI1», 110 YKa3bIBaeT II Ha IIX xpOMacpcpllH-
HOCTb. Ha HenOCJle OB3TeJlbHOCTb TaKoro COlJeT31111H MbI Y)j{e YKa3bI-
BaJlH Bblllle. 3)"leCb Ha)"lO OTMeTI1Tb, lITO TepMHH «3nIlTeJlllOlI;(HaH
KJleTKa» TaK me Henpllro eH, KaJ{ II TepMIIII «rJIOMYCllam>.
Y)j{e UlYM3xep (1938) cp3KTaMH 6bIJI BbIHY)j{.[leH K npl13HaHHIO,
lITO cpe H 3rIl1TeJlHOII lIbIX KJleTOK apTepll0-neH03HbIX aHaCTo:o.I030B.
npe.[lCTaBJlHlOlllHX c0601I HexpOMacpcpHHHbIe naparaHrJllllI, BCTaBJIeHbl:
238
II OT)].eJlbHblC xpoMmlxpllllllble 3JleMellTbI. OOBTOp5I10w.lle ero KOHu.en-
u.mo ryp:\-lacpTaii II OaHbe (1 !J39) XOT5I II paClimp5I10T Y4acTlle napa-
raHrJllloHapHoii TE3HII B COCTaBe «r.10MycOB», O)].HaKO 0)].HoBpe:l1eH-
HO II yr_ly6:uIIOT OeCCl\lblC:leHHocTb caMoii KOHu.enu.I1l1. Bo-nepBblx,
OHII C'IllTaIOT, liTO «aopT3:lbHblii rJIO:ViYC» H )].pyrHe OKOJIOCep.ne4Hble
«rJIOMYCbl» 06,la..'l.aIOT TO.1bhO apTeplIO-BeH03HblMlI aHaCTOM03al\IH-
KamlJIJI5IpOB B HlIX 5IK06b1 HeT. BO-BTOPbIX, 3TlI aBTopbI npIlBJIeKaIOT
OllIll60 l lHble nOCTpOellll5I l\\accoHa (1937) 0 peu.emoplloii pOJIlI KOX{-
HbIX apTeplio-BeH03HblX aIJaCTOM030B, KOTopble, KCTaTp., MaccoH
Ha3bIBaeT TO>Ke «rJIOMycm.m», Ii nplinlIcblBalOT K.1eTKaM CTeHOK ap-
TepHo-BeH03Hblx allaCTOl\i030B B OKOJIOCep)].e4Hblx naparaHrJI1I5IX
<!JYHKU.1I1O peu.enu.III1, KOTOpa5I Bce aHacroM03bI, a C HlIMlI H BeCb na-
paraHr JIllii npeBp3w.aeT B peu.enTOpHblll opraH.
113 npe..'l.bl)].yw.ei'l rJI3Bbl BII)].HO, 4TO KpOBOCHa6>KeHlIe, npe)].CT3B-
.1eHHoe O)].HIII\III apTepli0-BeH03HblMIl aHaCTOM03aMlI, He l\IO>KeT 06ec-
ne411Tb opr3HY He TOJIbKO MHoro06pa3lie <!JYHKu.HOHaJIbHblX B03-
l\10>KHOCTeH, 110 )].a>Ke cyw.eCTBOBaHHe Ha ypOBHe caMoro H1I3Koro
MeTa60JI1I3Ma - TO.1CTa5I CTeHKa aHaCTOM03a lICKJII04aeT 06MeH
Bew.eCTB Me>K)].y KpOBblO II napellxlIMoi'1 opraHa. ApTepllO-BeH03Hble
aHaCTOM03bl B cBoeii ;'J.e5ITeJIbHOCTIl CB5I3aHbl C KamlJlJI5IpaMlI, TaK
KaK lIMeHHO OHII 06eCne ' IllBaIOT pa3Hoe KpOBeHanOJIHeHlIe KanllJIJI5I-
pOB 11 B pe3Y.lbTaTe 3Toro nOMep>KaHlIe Ha )].OJI>KHOM ypOBHe MeTa-
60JIli3Ma KpOBOCHa6>Kae:\1011 napeHXIIMbI.
11ecKoHTpOJIbHoe nOBTopeHHe BbICKa3bIBaHlIH MacCOHa 0 peu.en-
TOpHOll pOJIlI COKpaTIITeJIbHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB CTeHOK apTepllO-BeH03HblX
aHaCTOM030B ycyry6.r.5IeT 6eCCMblCJleHHOCTb KOHu.enu.11H rypMactna5I
Ii OaHbe 0 peuenTopHOH pOJIH aOpTaJIbHblX naparaHrJIHeB, OCHOBaH-
HOll Ha peuenTopHoll cnoc06HOCTlI IiX apTepHO-BeH03HbIX aHa-
CTOl\l030B
Bblllle yx(e 6bIJIII pa306paHbI BonpOCbI 0 3Ha4eHlIlI 4YBCTBlI-
TeJIbHblJ\. npH60pOB B CTellKax apTeplIO-BeH03HbIX aHacTOM030B H
YCTaHOB.TIeHa I1X pOJIb no OTHOlllelllllO K <!JYHKU.HOHlIpOBaHHIO caMoro
aHacroM03a KaK COI(paTlneJILHOii CTPYKTypbl - He MO>KeT 6blTb
u.e.J1eC006pa3Horo COKpaw.e1l1l5I MbllllIlbl, 33KpbIBal0w.eii aHaCTOM03,
eC.1I1 HepBHa5I CIiCTei\la lie Ill\leeT CllrHaJIOB 0 ee COCT05IHIIll.
Llpynll\1lI c.10Bal\III. peIl.emOpHble annapaTbl, pacnOJIO>KeHHble
B CTeHKax apTepIlO-BeH03HbIX aHaCTOl\i030B, 5IBJI5I10TC5I npllHa)].JIe>K-
HOCTblO 3TliX nOCJIe,1HlIx. II lIX lIe.1b35I CllIITaTb OTBeTCTBeHHblMII
3a 06w.ylO 4YBCTBIITeJIbllOCTb opraHoB, B KOTOpLIX 3TlI apTepliO-
BeH03Hble aHaCTOM03bI llaXO,'{5ITC5I.
Lle KacTpo (1951). KOTOpblii T3K.>Ke BIi..'l.eJI apTepHo-BeH03Hble
a HaCTO:\103bl B opraHax, KOTopbfe 011 CllIITaeT xe:\lOpeu.enTopaMlI,
YKa3bIBaeT, liTO aHaCTO:\IO?bl npe;KTaB:15IIOT 005I3aTe,lbllble CTp)'KTY-
pbl ,'tJI5I 3TIIX opraHOB. 1(l\ieHHO OJI:.JrO,1ap5I ..'l.e5ITe.lbHOCTIi apTepliO-
BeH03HbIX aHaCTOl\l030B 06ecne ' lllBaeTC5I Xel\10peu.enTOpH35I q)YHKLI.lI5I
hapOTlI)].Horo «rJIOMyca» - RO BpeM5I aKTIIIJIIOCTlI xeMopeu.enTopOB
apTepIlO-BeH03Hble 3H3CTOl\i03LI OTKpbIBa, IOTC5I nponYCKa5! KpOBb
B BeHY (npll 3TOM X€:\10peu.erITOpbl aKTIIUHO pa3,waX\310TC5I), npli
239.
HeaKTlIBHOCTH XeMOpeuenTOpOB apTepHU-BeHU311ble aHaCTOM03bi
3aKpbIBa1OTC5I II HanpaBJ15l10T KpOBb B Kam1JIJl5IpbI.
B 3TOM 06'b5lCHeHHII Jl..e KacTpo Jl..Ba nOJlO}KeHH5I HenOH5ITHbI. fl0'Ie-
l'vIY He npOHCXOJl..HT xeMopeuenll,l15I B MOMeHTbl, KOfJl..a KpOBb HaXO,'I.HTC5I
B KamlJlJl5lpax? CaM }Ke OH fOBOpllT, '-ITO 66.'1bWa51 lIaCTb nOBepx-
HOCTlI «fJlOMYCHOll» KJleTKlI conpliKaCaeTC5I C KpOBblO CliHYCOH,'I.HbIX
KanHJlJl5IpOB, Jl..a ern.e cHa6}KeHHblX, KaK B ne'IeHH, OKOH'IaTblM 3H;J.0-
TeJlHeM. HepBHble )Ke OKOH'IaHH5I, OTBeTCTBeHHble 3a xeMopeuenUHlO,
pacnOJlO)KeHbl B npOTonJla3Me 3TliX «fJlOMYCHbIX» KJleTOK, KOTOpblM
J1.e Kacrpo npHnllCblBaeT cBoe06pa3HYIO nOJl5lpHOCTb. T. e. HepaBHO-
3Ha'iHOCTb KOHUOB - OJl..HOro, CB5I3aHHoro C KamlJlJl5lpOM, II ,'I.Pyro-
1'0, CB5I3aHHoro C HepBHblM OKOH'IaHlleM. PaBHblM 06pa30M Heno-
H5ITHO, 'ITO Jl..Bll}KeT OTKpbIBaHlieM II 3aKpbIBaHlleM aHaCTOM030B. flo
,l:Le KaCTpo, 3TO Heo6XO,'I.lIMOCTb npllcTynHTb K xeMopeuenUlIIf. A 'ITO
YCTaHaBJIllBaeT 3TY He06xo,l:LIIMOCTb?
KOHuenUH5I ,l:Le KaCTpo 0 pOJlIl apTepll0-BeH03HblX aHaCTOM030B
B xeMopeuenuHH KapOTH,l:LHOfO TeJIa ,'I.CJlaeTC5I oc06eHHO HenOH5ITHOH
npll cpaBHeHHH ero BblCKa3bIBaHlIii C TaKOBblMH }Ke Eyacce30Ha
{1943), KOTOpblll TaK}Ke Bli,l:LeJl apTcpll0-BeH03Hble aHaCTOM03bl B
KapOTH,'I.HOM TeJle 1I C'-IHTaeT, 'ITO KpoBeHanOJlHeHlIe KanllJlJl5lpOB npll
3aKpbIBaHllH apTeplio-BeH03Horo aHaCTOM03a CTlIMYJlIlpyeT ceKpe-
JUlIO. Ha,'I.o, O,'I.HaKO, 3aMeTlITb, 'ITO 1I Eyacce30H COrJlaCeH C llly-
MaxepoM II rypMaqJTaeM OTHOCllTeJlbHO aHaJlOfWIlIOCTll KO)KHblX
«fJlOMYCOB» H KapOTli,'I.HblX TeJl, «fJloMycaMII»)Ke KO}K1I OH TaK}KC
'C'IHTaeT ee apTepHo-BeH03Hble aHaCTOM03bI.
B pa3Jl..eJle BonpocoB 0 KpoBOCHa6}KeHlIH naparaHf JllleB HY}KHO
ynoM5IHYTb 1I BblCKa3bIBaHlIe r. <P. I1BaHoBa (1945) 0 HaJlH'-I1II1
B KapOTH,'I.HOM «fJloMyce» apTepHaJlbllOii 'IY;I.eCHOH ceTlf. HY}KHO
CKa3aTb, 'ITO HCCJle,l:LOBaTeJlII IIHOr,l:La nO,l:LIlIIMaJlII 3TOT Bonpoc,
HO peWaJlH efO oTplluaTeJlbHo. TaK, lllanep (1892) npmueJl K OTPH-
U3TeJlbHoMY perneHHIO 3Toro Bonpoca, YCTallOBl1B, liTO COCY,'I.lICTa51
.ceTb KapOTH,l:LHOH )!(e.'1e hl HMeeT KanIlJl.rISlpHYIO CTPYKTYPY. K TaKO:\!Y
}Ke OTpllUaTeJlbHOMY BbIBO,'I.Y npHWeJl II MypaTOpll (1942), 1I3Y'IaB-
WIIH npenapaTbl KapOTH,l:LHoro H 30pTaJlbnblX napafaHr JllleB nocJle
naJlHBKH HX COCY,'I.OB B3BeC5IMII TYWII 11 3aKJlIO'IHBWHH, '-ITO KpOBO-
-cHa6}KeHHe 3THX opranoB 06XO,l:LIITC5I 6e3 BC5IKIIX 'IY,l:LCCHbIX ceTeii.
CaM r. <P. BBaHoB B 1930 r. rOBOpII,TI 'ITO KanllJlJl5lpbl KapOTII,'I.HOrO
TeJla c06paHbl B 06rn.YIO BellY, KOTopaH Bn3;I.aeT B BeIl03Hoe cnJle-
TeHHe B oKpY}KalOrueii KJleT'IaTKe.
r. <P. BBaHoB (1945) C'IIlTaeT, '-ITO KapOTlI,'I.Hoe TeJlO 51BJl5IeTCH
praHoM-xeMopeuenTopoM KpOBII. HaJlH'lIIe apTepIlaJlbHOH 'IYAec-
Hoii ceTH OH parcMaTpHBaeT KaK 06H3aTeJlbHOe YCJlOBHe xeMopeuen-
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\ BII,l:LHO H3 H3J10}KeHHOrO, 3Ta np06.lIeM3 HMeeT Jl..JlIIHHblii. II TpY,'I.Hbll'1
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240
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)T.10BaTYI0 KpynHYlo K.'leTKY l' KpynHbl:\I, ,J.OBO.'lLIlO 60raTbl:\1 Xpo-
l\IaTIlHOM H;WOM (pill'. 48, 1315). K.TJeTlm 3T11 00pa3YIOT rpynnbl II ,
l'KOnJleHIIH, l'Ol'TOHllJ.lle I!JIII 113 IICCI,OJlbKIIX K.'leTOK (pIll'. 141), IIJIII l
113 60.1b1lJOro IIX KOJlll'lCl'TBa (pile. 143, 144, 145).
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cOl'Y;J.a!\lII II lIepBaMll, CKon.'ll'IlIIH 3TIIX K:Il'TOK oopa3Ylo1' OpraHbl.
PacnO:IO)/,eIlLl 31'11 opraIlbI B,W:IL CilMIIaTII4el'Koii l eIlO'lKII, T. e.
B OO:13l'TII Illell, pCTpOnJlCBpaJlbllO B rPY)J.IlOH nO.'IOCTII II peTpOne-
pIITOHca:1 bHO B OplOIlJIloii II T330l301"1. npOIlIlKaH 13 f10.10CTb 'Iepcna,
OHII paCflOJlaralOTl'H 0:11I3KO K )'3:WM 3BTOII0!\l1lOii lIl'pl3110ii CIlCTeMbl
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16 T. 11.. r p"r0I'LeU.1
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TOpHbIrr U.lIKJI KJleTKH, MO}KHO 06113pynmTb BCe CT3n:lIH 06pa30B3H1f5I,
H3KOnJleHlI51 11 BbIn:eJleHHH elO CeKpeT3 (pllC. 49, 55, 137, 138).
T3K K3K He Bce KJleTKH O).!1I0BpeMemIO Bblp363TbIB310T 3.L\pe1l3J1lIH,
TO HlIKOr.L\3 Bce KJleTKlI 3THX Opr31l0B He 6bI13aIOT B p3m- f oil Mepe Ha-
nOJlHeHbI XpOMacjXpllIlHblMH WIll apreHT3cpqHIHllbiMlI rpaHy.TJaMIf
(pllC. 49, 1403, 6 11 55). P3131lbIM 06pa30M He Bce opraHbl 3TOri rCII-
CTeMbi Bblp363Tbll3alOT CI.L\peIW.TIIIH 13 pCll3llblX KOJIII 1 leCTB3X (pllC. 50,
139a,6, 1403,6). 3THM 06"b5ICH5IIOTCH p33HOrJlaCIIH aBTopoB B Ou.eH-
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T3Koro opr3H3, KOTOpblii 6bIJI 6bl npe).!cT3BJlell y Bcex 3BTOpOB B Ka-
qeCTBe nOCTOHIiHO HCXpOM3cpcpllImoro. K3pOTI1.L\HOe TeJlO, OTHOCII-
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TOro }Ke }KlIBOTHOro COCTOllT 113 60JlblllerO 1IJ111 MeHblllero KOJllllleCTB3
xpOl\mcpcpHHHblX 1{J1CTOK.
KpOBOCHa6}KeHlJe 3TlIX opr3HOB lIpe3Bbl 1 13IfHO o)].Hoo6p33HO.
OepBoii xapaKTepHorr oco6eHHOCTblO 3TOro KpOBOCHa6}KeHHH HBJlHeT-
CH ero 0611J1He, BToporr- HaJllllllle CIHIycOli.L\HOrO Tllll3 TOHKOCTeH-
HbIX KamIJlJlHpoB. IIenocpe).!cTl3eHHO K 3H)].OTeJlHIO 3THX K3nHJlJ15IpOB
H npllJle}K3T n3peHxlIM3To3Hble !{J1eTKH. B COCY.L\IICTYIO cHcTeMY
BKJllOlleHbI Cneu.1I3J1bBble npllcnoco6J1eHlIH ).!J1H perYJlllpoB3HlIH MeCT-
Horo KpOBOTOK3 - 3pTcpHo-BeH03HbIe 3H3CTOM03bI.
242
HHHepBaUlI5l 3TIIX opraIlOB 'Ipe3Bbl l laJ!HO 06HJIbiia II B napeH-
XIIMe npe,lJ,CTaBJIeHa pa3BeTBJIellIHIMII lIYBCTBHTeJILllblX HepBHblX
BOJIOKOH, npHll1e.L!.ll1HX 113 cnmiHO- IWII 4cpenHoM03roBblX lIYBCTBH-
TeJIbHblX Y3JIOB. 0611JIlle 3TIIX pa3BeTBJIeHIIH npIlBO,lJ,I1T K TOMY, lITO
Kam,'l.aH KJIeTKa opralla OKa3bIBaeTCH cHa6meHHOH peuenTopOM
(pHC. 56, 57, 141, 142). Coe,lJ,lIl1HTeJIbllOTKamlble npOCJIOllKH cHa6meHbi
4YBcTBllTe.'.IbHbIMII OKOlilIaHII51MII. KpoBellocHble COCY,IJ,bl 06JIa,lJ,alOT
peuenTopHoii II MOTOpllOii (ec.1Il 01lI:! 06JIan:aJOT MbllllelIHoll CTeHKoll)
lUlHepBauIleii B COOTBI'TCTBMII C 06111ell cxeMoii pacnpe,lJ,e.'.IeHI:!Sl
HepBHblx npoBo).!HIIKOB 13 cocy,!!,ax.
.3Ta TKaHeBa51 CHCTI'Ma pa3DIiI3aeTC5I o).!HoBpeMeHHo H H3 06111HX .,;
3alIaTIWB C Y3.'.IaMII BereTaTIIBHOilllepBHoll CIICTeMbl Ii BMeCTe C Hn1\111
pacceMleTCH no oprallIl3MY II 06pa3yeT BnOCJIe,lJ,cTBHII xpOMacpqmH-
Hble OpraHbl. B HaCTOHlllHlI MOMeHT no OTHOlllellmo KO BceM xpOMacp-
cplIIlHblM oprallaM 3TO nOJIO>KCHIIC MO}](1I0 ClIl1TaTb ).!OKa3aHHblM, B TOM
1IIlC.'.Ie II no OTHOllll'HIIIO K KapOTII).!HOMY TeJIY, IWTopoe ,lJ,OJIbWe ,lJ,PY-
rIlx B036Y)I{.J.a:1O COMHeIlIle 13 lIeliporeHHOCTII IICTOllHIIKOB CBoero B03-
HHKHOBCIIIIH. (DaKT, lITO HCllpoO:laCTH4eCKIIe 3JIeMeHTbi npI:!XO).!HT
Ha MeCTO 6YlI,Yl1l.l'ro KapOTIIJuwro TCJla no llCpl'nllOM03rOBblM HepBaM,
He lI-lOmeT CllIITaTLCH ).!OCTaTOllHbIM lI,lIH 1'01'0, lIT06b1 OTBcpraTb ero re-
I1eTIIlIeCKYIO O.1H30CTL C CII lIIaTIIlleCKII:\1II Y3.'IaMII, TaK KaK KJIeTKH,
cnYCKalOl1l.lH'C5I no TpOr!HII'IIIOl\lY, JIIIueBOMY II BarocfIlmaJIbliOMY
lIepBaM (5ellya, 1928), npe;I,cTaBMlloT c06011 MOToHei1poHbl I<paHlIaJlb-
1I0ro OT,'I.C.TW aBTolioMIIOii HCpBHOii CIICTeMbI.
CIIlITe3 II BbI;I,c.'.IeHlle a).!peHa"lIlHa 06yc.1I08:IIIBalO1' II cpYHKUHO-
Ha.1hHoe 3Ha l leHile 3THX opraHoB JJ.lIH opraIl1l3l\1<1. ')KC CTapblc aB-
TOpbl 3HaJIII, tlTO BellleCTBa, BLI).!eJIHe:\1hIC xpoM<ulxpllHllblMII opraHaMH,
I1MeIOT TCCHoe OTIIOlllCHlIC K nOJ1Jl.CpmalllIIP BopMa:1 hHoro TOHyca
r.1a.J.KOMbllllelIIlOlI TI<aHII, 1'. e. BbIIlOJIHHIOT B OpraHII3Me pOJIb, 6J1H3-
I<YIO K TaKOBoii CIIMnaTlilleclwt, Hl'pBHOII CIICTe:\lbl. l-Ia TeClioe cpYHK-
UIIOHa.lhlloe B3aHMOOTII01lleHl1e xpOMacpcpHllIIblX opraHOB II CHMnaTH-
tleCKIIX )'3J1013 YKa3bIBaJI B CBoe BpeM5I J1. 51. DIIllec (1924), npe).!JIa-
ra51 06"belI,HHIITL I1X B O).!IIII CIIl\maTIIKO-xpoMatj.>cpmIlIblH annapaT,
13 KOTOpOM COCTaBlible llaCTII nO,11}l.ep)KHBaIOT JJ.Pyr ,'I.Pyra - ceKpeT
xpoMaqxpIlHHoii TI<allll B:III51eT Ha cIIMnaTIfllecKYIo HepBHYlo cHcTeMY
II Ha06opoT.
B HaCT05ll1l.ee 13peM5I 13 JlIITepaType IIMeeTC5I 3HalIIlTeJIbllOe KOJIH-
lIeCTBO CBe,11eIllUI II cpe,11I1 lII1X npIlHa).l..Tle>Kallllle 11. H. BOJIKOBOll
(1946), A. B. KII05lKOBY (1946), A. D. KII6mwBY n J1. B. TyxBa-
Ty.TI.1I1HOII (1948), A. B. KII651KOBY (1949) H H. H. MaKapoBcKoR
(1949), r).!e cpYHK1UI0HaJlhHa51 CB513L 3TIIX opramIbIx CIICTeM pacKpbl-
BaeTC5I B 3KcnepIlMeHTe. 11. H. Bo.'.IKOBa II I-I. H. MaKapoBcKa51 no-
Ka3aJII:!, lITO He).!OCTaTOK xPOr.WcpqJIIHHoii TKaHH B opraHH3Me Be.il.eT
K nOHIDKeHlIIO B036y,'UlMOCTII nepllcpepI:!lIeCKIiX OT,11eJIOB cm,maTH--
lIeCKOll HepBHOH CHCTeMbl, a A. B. KH651KOB, KOHCTaTIlpYH TO )Ke-
caMoe, YCTallaBJIIIBaeT, 'ITO 3TO 3aBHCIiT 01' npeKpallleHH5I Bbl).!eJleHIIR
CHMnaTHHa B 06J1aCTH OKOHlJaHIIll nOCnaHrJIlIOHapHblX BO-
JIOKOH.
16.
2430
A. B. Ku65IKOB (1949) CIIIITaCT, lITO CIlMnaTlfH BbIpa6aTbIBaeTCH
H3 HHaKTIIBllpoBaHHoro I{POBbIO alI,penaJIlllIa, a .II.JI5I CIIIUe3lfpOBaHlfSI
3TOro nOCJlelI,Hero 11 He06xo.ll.lfMa xpOMm!x!mHlIa5I TKalib. B OTCYTCTBlfll
:xpo acpcplllmoii TKaHIl TSImeJlO lIapywaCTC5I CIf naTIIH006pa30Ba-
Te.JlbHaSI cpYHlUl.lISI CI1MnaTlIlICCKOii HCpl3HOii CIICTCMbl, lITO CBSI3aHO
c uapyweHlIeM .n.e5ITeJlLlIOCTI1 HciipOHOB CIlMnaTlllIeClmx Y3.'lOB II IIX
pa3SCTBJleHllii.
l\\bI He MomCM 06Cyn(.II.aTL Bonpoc 0 npl1po.ll.e 11 3HalleHlf1l B opra-
flax CIlMnaTIIHa, TaK KaK He UMceM .II.JI5I 3Toro C06CTBCHHbIX MaTeplla-
.nOB. ,.QJUI HaC CIfMnaTIIH SIBJl5ICTC5I XIIMlIlIeCKIfM 3K1311BaJleHTOM B03-
6ymlI,CHUH 6e3 m{oTHoro nOCTraHrJ1110HapHoro BOJlOKna, KaK pa3-
HOCTL B nOTCHll.l1aJlaX 5I13J1SIeTCSI 3J1eKTpHlIeCKIfM 3KBl1BaJleHTOM ;J:eSI-
TeJlbliOCTH BCHKOro HcpBlloro BOJlOI<Ha. 1-13 pa60T A. B. KH6mWBa
OlleBI1lI,Ha TeCHaH 3aBHcnMOCTb xpOMacpl}JI1IHlLIX opraHOB H CIiMnaTII-
'lecKoii HepBHOH ClICTeMbL
flocJle I3cero CKa3alIHoro OTna.ll.aIOT Bce OCHOBaHlIH .II.J15I Bbl.ll.e.'1e-
HIHI CIICTeMbl «rJlOMYCOB», nOCTpOCHlIblX TaK me, KaK II XpOl\18cp-
<pl1l1l1bIe TeJJa, TaK me BaCKY.JI5IpIf3IfpOBaJlllbIX II II1IHepl3llpOBaHHblX,
HO He BbI.ll.eJIm0llJ.I1X alI,pCHaJIIIHa, a CJlymallJ.llx opraHaMII-xeMope-
lI.enTOpaMlI KpOl3l1. HII OlUIH H3 MOpCpOJlOrlllleCKIIX npIl3HaKOB, KO-
TOpbnm aBropbI xapaKTeplf3YIOT «rJIOMYCbI», lie OKa3bIl3aCTC5I .II.J15I HIIX
cnell.m!mllHbIM. BC5I cOBoKynHocTb 3TIIX nplf311aKoB cTpoiillO onpe-
)J.eJl5IeT xpoMacpcplfHHYIO TKaHb, TeM 60Jlec lITO II caMa lIeXpOl\13cp-
<pI1HHOCTb «rJlOMYCOB» B KOIIll.e KOHll.OB OKa3bIBaeTCSI pC3J1bHO Hecy-
llJ.eCTBYIOllJ.eIf - HeT Hlf OlI,HOro OOpa30I3allll5I, OTHOCIfMoro aBTopa-
1'.111 K «rJlOMycaM», B KOTOpOM 6bl He oOllapymllJlIlCb TO B 66.'1bWeM,
TO B MeHbweM KOJllflJeCTBC xpOMmPtPlIHlIble KJleTKII. flpII allaJlll3e He-
xpoMa4$lIHHOCTII OKa3aJlOCb, 4TO OHa CCTb .111Wb I3blpameHHe ll.I1KJlIf4-
IIOCTH ceKpeTopHoro npoll.ccca, cpelI,1f cpa3 KOTOpOro eCTL H TaKIIe,
KOr.ll.a a.ll.peHaJll1II B K.'lCTKe OTCYTCTByeT.
B CB5I3II C 3T1IM HY>KHO cIlle pa3 BCPlIYTbC5I K TeM pcqJJleKTopHbl:\!
peaKll.II5IM, KOTopble B03HHKalOT B C.TJY4a5IX, KOr.ll.a XIIMII4eCKoe Be-
llJ.eCTBO .II.eikTByeT Ha KapOTII.ll.HOe If.7I1I aOpTaJlbHOe TeJlO. K cO>l{ane-
HI1IO, aBTopbl He CpaBHlIJlII 3TII pCaKll.I111 C pcaKll.II5IMIl Ha 3TH me B03-
.II.eiicTB1I5I .II.pyrlIx >1<e.'Ie311CTbIX opraHOB, HanpllMep, llJ.IfTOBIf.lJ.HOii >I{e-
J1C3bI, IWTopbIe IIMCIOT pal3HblM oopa30M 0611J1bHY10 IIYBcTl3l1TeJlbHYIO
IIHHepBall.HIO. Kor.ll.a me B. H. 4epHlfro13cKIIii (1940a), 33l1HTepe-
COl3aBllllICb XeMOpell.enll.lleii BIIYTpellHIfX opraHOB, IICCJle;J:Ol3a.'1
B 3TOM OTHOWPHlIII HalI,n04e l llllIK, OKa3aJlOCb, 4TO peq)JIeKTopHbIe pe-
8Kll.IIIf OT XIIMU4eClmx pa3lI,p3mCHIIii Ha.ll.n04e41IIIKa TaKlle Me.
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.II.YSI 4YBcTBllTeJ'lhHOCTb 1I.'ICOIleKaJILHOii 06J1aCTIl III1IllC'BapIfTe.1bHoro
TpaKTa, BBOlI,IIJI 13 ee COCY,TJ.bl IIIIKOTlIII II aneTII.'IXOJlIIII B 1<O.1114e-
CTBax, IWTOPblP OOLIlllIO npIlMelI5IIOTC5I B pa60Tax C KapOTII!UIOii
06J1aCTblO, II Iwo:no;ta.'I nplf 3TOM BblCOKYIO lJYI3CTBIITeJlbIlOCTb
COCY.ll.OB KIIIllCIIlIIIKa.
244
LlpyrllMII CJIOBaMII, 6e3 TOrO ()T06b1 BbICTynaTb B Ka'IeCTBe cne-
1I.IIaJlbHoro OpralIa-XCMOpClI.enTOpa, Ka)l{).!blfl BHYTpeIllIllH OpraH npn
ero XIIl\IH'IeCKOM pa3,'1.pa>KeHIIII MO>KeT CTaTb IICTO'IlIlIKOM 06lllllX
peaKlI.lIii. Xel\10pCHenTOpHbIii annapaT, 06CJIY>K1IBaJOlllllH MeTa60-
JIII'ICCKIIC IIY>K).!bl JII060ro opraHa, 'Ipe3BbI'IailHO Ba>KHblH nOTOMY,
'ITO OH npC')lCTLlBJI5IC'T 3BeHO :\IcxaII1I3l\IOB IIHTerpllpOBaHlI5I opralIOB
B 06IllYlO CIICTCMY opraHII3Ma, 6e3 COMHellIl5I, MOn(eT CTaTb MeCTOM
B03HlIKHOBCIUl5I 60JICe IIJIlI MCHce pacnpOCTpaHeHHbIX 06lllllX peaK-
1I.IIii, oc06eHlIO B OTBCT Ha IlHa).!3KBaTHble pa3).!pa>KIITeJIlI.
Ca:\ta >Ke lI).!e5I 0 cnell.lIaJIbHbIX opraHaX-XeMOpell.enTOpaX KpOBM
5lBJI5IeTC5I B lIaCT05lllllIii MOMelIT HC'n porpeCCIlBlIoii, 3a).!ep>KlIBalOllleH
nOCTynmeJIbHbIii XOJ!. n03HaJUl5I lIJll3HOJlOfIl'IeCKlIX 3aKOHOMepHOCTeH
BHYTpeHHlIX opraHOB. !v\eTa60JIH3:\! opraHOB TaK CJlO>KeH 1I TOHOK,
'ITO OH He MO>KeT 06XOJI.lITbC5I HeMIIOrO(IlICJleIIHbIMH perHCTpaTopaMlI,
TOJIbKO XlIM1I3Ma npHTeKalOllleii K IIIIM KpOBlI, K TOMY >Ke
eIlle BblHeceHlIblMU 3a lIX npe,'l.eJIbI (lIanpllMep. «KapOTlIJI.lIbIH
rJlOMYC», KOHTpOJlHPYIOIllllii 51 K06bl XlIM1I3l\1 KpOBlI, TeKYIlleif K
M03ry).
KpOMe XIIMII3Ma KpOBlI, CYllleCTByeT t'llle nOCT051HHO MeH5IlOllI.llii-
C5I xmUl3M caMoii TKaHII. KOHTpOJIIIpOBaTb peaKUlIlI Me)KJI.Y KpOBblO
11 TKaHblO ).!Jl51 ycneuIlIoro IIX TeIJeHII5I Ha).!o TaM, rJI.e OHlI npollc-
XO).!51T, II n03ToMy HIIKaKlIe «rJIOMYCHbIe» CIICTeMbl He MorYT OCYllI.e-
CTBlITb TaKYIO xeMOpell.CnUlllO, KOTOpa5I 6b1 06ecne'IlIJla HOpMaJIb-
HblH 06MeH B opraml3Me.
nOCJIe).!I1I1i1 H3 I10CTaBJleHHbIX BHa'IaJIC BonpOCOB CY)KeH XOJI.O
lICCJle).!OBaHII5I. HaJI.o rOBopllTb 0 Moplj>OJIOrU'IeCKOM KpllTepllH lj>YHK-
u.1I0HaJIbHOrO 3HalJeHII51 TOJIbKO xpOMaqxplIHHblX opraHOB, TaK KaK
cnell.lIaJIbHbIX opraHOB-xeMopcu.enTopOB - «rJIOMYCOB» He - CYIlle-
CTBj'eT .
Bce BbIllle1l3JIO>KeHHOe, KacalOllleeC5I CTpOeHlI5I, KpOBOCHa6)KeHlISl
11 IIHHepBau.lIl1 naparalIrJIlIC'B, cBIIJI.eTCJIbCTBYCT 06 lIX >KeJIe3I1CTOH
lj>YHKU.1I1I - 11 51pKue npll3HaKli ceKpeTOpiioro npou.ecca B caMoH na-
peHxIIMaT03110H KJIeTKe, 11 06CJIY>KHBaHlIe 3TOH KJIeTKlI KpoBeHoc-
HbIMH cocy).!aMII Ii HepBaMlI. KpoMe rpaHYJI, 06JI<1JI.aIOlll.lIx xpoMalj>-
lj>IIHHocTblO, apreHTa$pllIIHoCTLIO II OCMHOlj>IIJIbHOCTblO, 06HapY>KeHbl
II JI.pyrlle npll3HaKii )KeJIe3I1CTOil aKTIIBHOCTlI, Bblpa)KalOllI.lleC5I B Ha-
JlII'I1I1i B KJICTKaX 0611JIbHoro XOII).!pHoMa, 4>YKCHIIOlj>HJIbIlbIX 3epHbI-
llleK, .Jl, ItnOIIJI.OB B3KYOJleii (E. K. nJIe 1 1KOBa, 1939; X OJlJIHHlllllJI..
1942) II XOpOlllO CTPYKTyplIpoBaHlIoro CeT'13TOrO annapaTa.
HepBHa51 CIlCTeMa oOCCne(IHB3eT B 3TIIX oprallax BCIO TOHKOCTb
perllCTpau.1l1i Xm1lI3Ma IIX Cl'KpCTIIPYIOlllIIX K:ICTOK. H ).!a>K(, cneu.lIaJIb-
Hble BcnOMOraTeJIblIblC h:JICTKII 1\\. Ll. J1aBlI,OBcKOro- H. A. !v\IICJIaB-
CKoro- D. H. J1aBpcHTL(,Ba, nOBlI).!lIMOMY, npeJI.CTaBJIl'Hbl B IIX pe-
u.enTopax. TaK, HCJ!.aBlIo).!e KOK (de Kock, 1951) onllcaJI B K3pOTlIJI.-
HO:\! Te:Il', KpoMe OKOH(13Hllii, paCnOJIO>KelllIbIX Henocpe).!cTBeHHo Ha
3eplIllcTbiX KJICTKaX cro napelIXlIl\Ibl, ellle ).!pyrlle, CB5I3aHHble C Kpyn-
HblMif HC3C'plIlICTbIMII I{JIeTKaMH, JIe>KalllHMlI B npOMC)I{YTKe Me)KJI.Y
KpOBCHOCHblMlI clIllycaMIi 1I napellxlIMaT03IIbIMII KJleTKaMlI.
245
B CBH3H co BCeM CKa3aHIlblM He06xoJl,HMO ellle pa3 BCnOMHHTb, 'ITO
ellle B 1913 r. K.M. 5IXOHTOB (1913 r.) CcpOPMYJHfpOBaJI nOJIO)KeHlie,
'ITO Jl,aHIlbIe MopcpOJIOrHH, cpH3HOJIOnIH H naTOJIOrHH 3aCTaBJIHIOT npH-
3HaTb, 'ITO xpoMa4$HHHaH CHCTeMa HMeeT npaBo Ha caMOCTOHTeJIbHOe
cYlllecTBoBaHHe B Ka'IeCTBe TKaHeBbIX KOMnJIeKCOB, 06JIaJl,alollllix
BceMH npH3HaKaMH 3HJI,OKpHHHOH cpYHKUHH.
06111HM BblBOJl,OM HacToHllleH r JIaBbI HBJIHeTCH CJIeJl,YlOlllee: Ha..'l.O
C'IHTaTb YCTa, HOBJIeHHblM 'ITO naparaHrJIIiH - 3TO COCTaBHaH 'IaCTb
nepHcpepH'IeCKOH HepBHoH CHCTeMbI, npeJl,cTaBJIeHHOH B BHJI,e raHrJIHO-
HapHoro annapaTa cHMnaTH'IeCKOH u.enO'lKH II BHYTpHopraHHbIx Y3-
JIOB. flaparaHrJIHH BbIJI,eJIHIOT aJl,peHaJIHH - Belll.eCTBO, He06xo-
Jl,HMOe Jl,JIH Jl,eHTeJIbHOCTH HeHpoHoB 3TIIX Y3JIOB. B :iTOM CMbICJIe
naparaHrJIHH HMelOT TecHeiiwee OTHomCHlle K I1HllepBauml cocY.LJ.OB,
HO TOJIbKO K Jl,BHraTe.1bHoiL C 'IYBCTBIiTCJIbHOH )Ke IIHHepBaUlleii
COCYJI,HCTOH CI1CTeMbl OIlH He CBH3aHbl II CneWWJIbHbIMIi opraHa-
MH-xeMopeu.enTopaMH KpOBH He HBJI5!IOTCH.
f JI a B a VI I
o COCYJJ.I1CTOfll.J.YBCTBI1TEJIbHOCTI1
COCY,'J.IICTa51 IIYBCTBIITCJlbllOCTb C lI.aBIIIIX nop npell.CTaBJI5IeT
c060ii caMOCT05lTeJILllYI0 np06J1CMY HaY'IHoro lIcc.TJe1l.0BaHlm. CB5I-
3aHHa51 I[Cpe3 11eJIblii p5lJl. onocpe).!YIOllllIX 3BeHLeB C B03MmKHOCTbiO
ynpaB.J15lTL KpOBo06pallleHlleM, OHa nOCT05lIlHO npllBJleKaJla 1\
ceae YCIIJIII5I cp1l3110.TJOroB II MOpcpOJ10roB.
Oco6ellHO 06pallla.TJil Ha ce651 BHHMaHlle cnocoaHOCTb opraHII3Ma
COXpaIl5lTb nOCT05IHCTBO KpOB5IHOro ).!aB.'.IeHlI5I (1 I. fl. flaBJlOB, 1878a,/
18796). Q)1I3HOJIOnm ,'J.aBIIO pa306paJlaCb B rJlaBHblX 'lepTa X :HoH
cnocooIloCTIi II BCKpLI.1a ee pecp.T[eKTOpIlL[ii xapaKTep (11. fl. flaBJIoB,
1877), TeM Cal\lblM nOJlO>KIIB 13 OCHOBY aKKOMo).!all.1I0HHbIX CBOlJeTB
KpoBelloclIOII CIiCTeMbl I1aJIII'IIIC '1YBCTBIITCJ[blIb[X I1epBlIb[X npH60-
pOB 130 Bcex ee OT,'J.C.'I3X. 00 orpoMHoil Ball\IIOCTH «TOlIIIOro 113Y'IeHII5I
nplicnoc06:leHllii, CT05l111IlX lIa CTpall\e nOCT05lHCTBa KpOB5IHOrO ).!aB-
.1eHII5J», III1CaJl II. fl. flaBJ[oB (187 a), OTMe l l35J, '1TO «6J1I1>Kaihllee
npOHIiKIIOBeIllie B MexallllKY IlIIlIepBalll1ll KpOBooopallleHlISI 06e-
llI.aeT, KpoMe Toro, ;J.aTL CBC'lI.l'HII5I 0 I1eKOTOpbIX ).!O CIIX nop ynYllI.eH-
Hb[X 113 BII.llY pa311.pmKIITeJlHX, KOTOpblMII IIYCI\aCTC5J 13 XO).! TO Ta,
TO ,'I.pyraH ,'I.C5IH'.1bIIOCTL. TO.iILKO ).!OCTIIrHYB 3TOro, Mbl CMOiti:eM ro-
BOpIlT[' KaK 0 BlleWlIIlX, TaK II BIIYTpellHHX B.iIH5JHII5IX, ynpaB.'.IHIO-
l1l.lIX Kpono06pallleIIIICM»1.
rn\e B nepBoii rJWI3C ML[ YKa3LlBa. J III, '1TO )'llcHlie 06 IIHHepBamllJ
hpOBCIIOClIblX COC)'.llOB IIYllqal'TC5J I[e TO.1LIW 13 OOllapy>KeHlIII II Ha-
KOI1J[eIIIIII HOBb[X <p<'lKTOB. MaTl'pIlaJ[, IIpllBC)lClIllblii B IIOCJle.llY[OlllIlX
r.1aBax, c .llOCTaTOIIHoii 51CIIOCTLIO 110Ka3LIBaCT, KaI\IIM orpO:\l1IblM
KOJlIII[CCTBOM l\IOP(po.10rll'lCCKIiX 1I !PIl3110JIOrll'leCKIIX Ha6JII0).!eHIIl'i
06JIa,'l.aeT COBpeMeIlIla51 I1aYI\a 110 OTHOIllCIIIIIO K COCY).!IICTOi'I '1YB-
CTBIITC:lbIlOCTII. Kan(;lbIll ,'J.eIlL 3TII I1a6.110.lleHIIH Yl\11I0>KaJOTCH. flo-
HB.1H[OTC5I CBC.lll'HlI5I 0 Ha:UI'IIII1 penenTopOB B HOBblX OTlI.eJlaX cocy-
,'I.IICT!'ro PYC.113 (de Muylder, 1948; II. 11. JI5JI1HII, 1 49; B. M. fo-
,J.IIHOB, 1950; 5. A. ,1o.1ro-Ca6ypoB, 1931, 1953; C. _'\. MlweHKoB,
1950; At C. rpa'lC'Ba, 1953; II. D. TopcKa5l, 1%1, 1953a; E. A. Bo-
p06Le13a. 1%:3; 11. I r. ropneC'13a, 1 52; B. 13. KYI1p1l5lHOB, 195313;
A6paxa\I, 1953), COIlPOBOn(,'J.al'\ ble ,'1.aHllbIMII 13 nOJlb3Y '1YBcTBlITeJlb-
1 H. II. II d U.1 0 n, f1,,:lItoc' l"OOpalllll: CO t llllll'IIIIII, 1 5I, T. I, CTp. 82.
247
HOCTH HOBblX YlJaCTKOB COCYJUICTOii CTCHEli (1\\. B. CepmeBcImli,
1947; 11. H. <Pe.D.opoB, 1947; H. f. nOJI5IKOB, 1951; <1>. II. BaclI-
JIeHKO, 1952; van Harreveld a. Lindsley, 1952).
Bce 3TH H CTapble H HOBbIe I1aOJIIO.D.ellH5I roBOp5lT 06 orpoMHofi
HaCbIIlLeHHOCTH E.:c'X KpOBCHOCIIblX cocY.D.OB, I1alJlIHa51 C KpymIblx
apTepHfi H BeH TI KOHlJa51 KanHJIJI5IpaMII, lJYBCTBIITCJIbllbIMII OKOHlJa-
HlI5IMlI, pacno.nmKellHblMII B pa311blx lJaCT5IX COCY.D.HCTOii CTCHKII II
nOCTpoeHHbIMli C pa3I10H CTcneHbIO CJImlUIOCTlI, CBH.D.eTeJIbCTBYIOIlleiI
06 orpoMHblX B03MO)l\HOCT5IX .D.JI5I BOCnplI5JTII5I pa3.D.pa)l\cHlIii. PaB-
HbIM oopa30M 3TH Ha6JI1oJ\eHH5I rOBOp5lT II 0 TOM, lITO Bce lJaCTII CO-
CY.D.lICTOH CIICTCMbl cnoco611bl, BocnpHHIIMa51 pa3.D.pamellIl5I, CJIymlITb
HCXOLUIbIMII MeCTaMH .D.JI5I peqJJIeKTOpllblX pcaKIIIlii.
HaCblIllellHOCTb COCY.D.HCTOii: CIICTeMbI 'IYBCTBIlTeJIbIlblMII HepBHbI-
Mll OKOHlJaHII5IMli II cnCC06I10CTb pa3HblX ec OT.D.eJIOB pearIlpOBaTb Ha
pa3.D.pameHlI5J He YKJIa.D.blBaIOTC5I B paMKII C03.D.aJlHoii KaHoM (1929)
H XeHMaHcoM (1933) TeOpl1I-I 0 pe!j)JICKCOreHHblx 30Hax cocY.D.OB.
.3Ta TeOpH5I He CTaJIa 06'b5lCH5ITb BCCX I1a6JllOllaCMbIX B 06JIaCTli CO-
CY.D.HCTOH lJYBCTBlITeJIbHOCTII cpaKTOB II nOCJIe TOro, KaK K .D.yre
aopTbl H KapOTH.D.HbIM ClllIycaM, OTBeTCTBeHHblM, no MHeHlIlO ee CO-
3.D.aTeJIeH, 3a nOCT05lIlCTBO KpOB5IHOrO .D.aBJIeHlI5J, B CIIJIY He06xo.D.HMO-
CTH 6bIJIH np1l6aBJIeHbI B KalJeCTBe TaKme peepJIeKCOreHHbIX 30H
npHCep.D.e'lHble lJaCTli nOJIblX H JIerO'lHbIX BeH.
BeCKoe B03pameIllle npOTliB 3TOii TCOpllII, nplllJeM B npHCYTCTBlili
O.D.HorO H3 C03.D.aTeJIeI i ee-XeHMaHca, 6bIJIO C.D.eJIaHO .D.e BlIJIOM fI
BaH .D.e BeJIb.D.e (de Weale et van de Vel de, 1933). 06HapymHB,
lJTO nelJeHOlJHa5J II CeJIe3eHO'lHa51 apTepllll, a TaKme II apTeplili KOHe'l-
HocTeH lJYBcTBllTeJIbIIbl K MeXaHlI'leCKliM II 3JIeKTpll'leCKliM pa3.D.pa-
meHlI5IM, 3TlI aBTopbl CepOPMYJIIIpOBaJIli nOJIOmeHHC, 'ITO 'IYBCTBlI-
TeJIbHOCTb II pecpJIeKCOreIIHCCTb He 5JBJI5IIOTC5I Cnell.lIepHlJeCKOH OCO-
6eHHOCTblO aopTbl II Kapon1)IHblX CHHYCOB, HO npe.D.CTaBJI5IIOT c060ii
06IlLee cBoikTBO Bcex COCY)IOB. B OTBeTHOM CJIOBe XeHMaHc YTBep)l{-
.D.aJI, lJTO OH B CBOHX onblTax He Mor 06IIapY)lmTb peqJJIeKTOpHblX
peaKll.1II1 npH pa3)IpameHHlI COCY.D.OB BHe aOpTaJIbHbIX H CHHOKapo-
TH)IHbIX 06J13CTeii II 06'b5lCH5IJI .D.aHHble )Ie BHJIa H BaH )Ie BeJIb)Ie
CJIYlJaIIHOCTbIO.
O)IHaKO Ha OCHOBaHHII CBOHX lICCJIC)IOBaIlHii B 06JIaCTH MOpepOJIO-
mH COCY.D.lICTbIX pcnemopOB 13. A. LLOJlrO-Ca6YPoB (1945) B pe.D.aK-
TOpCKOM npe.D.Hc.noBlIII K KHHre A. A. CMIIpHoBa «KapoTII.D.HaSI peep"
JIeKCOreIlHa51 30Ila» nIlllleT, 'ITa KapOTII.D.Ha5J H Kap.D.HO-aOpTaJIbIIa51
peepJIel{COreIIHblC 30IIbl npe.D.CTaBJI5JIOT couoii JIlIIlIb 'IaCTHblfi nplIMep
MHorIIX, llllIpOKO npe.D.CTaBJICHllblX B opraHII3MC nO.D.06HbIX }Ke 30H,
H HMH HII B KOCM CJIY'13C He IIC'IepnblBaeTC5I OUJIaCTb COCY.D.HCToii pe-
lI.enll.HH.
CnYCT5I .D.Ba ro.D.a Y)I{e Ha OCIIOBalIIII! eplI3HOJIOrIJlleCKIIX .D.aHHbIX
B. H. 4epHllfoBcKIIii (1947, 1949) eIlle 60JICC 3IICprJlIIHO Bblpa3HJI
3TY }Ke MblCJIb, a f. ([>. IIBaHoB (1949) npmm nOCTaBII.'.1 Bonpoc 0
He06xo.D.HMOCTII nepf'CMOTpeTb B CBCTC I10BbIX (paKTOB TeoplilO ooec-
nelJeHH5I cOCY.D.HCTOi! 'IYBCTBIITCJIbIlOCTII clIlloKapOTH.D.Hoii: II aop-
248
TaJIbHOii peqJJleKcorelHlbIMII 30HaMII, TaK KaK HepeqJJleKcoreHHbIX 30H
B COCY HCTOll CHCTCMe HCT.
nOC.TJe HeC BblCKa3bll3aJIHe OC06eIlHO u.eHHO. 060CHOBaHHOC <paK-
TlJ1ieCKII, OHO BbIpa}l,aeT O HO 113 aKTyaJIbHbIX nOJIO}l,eHHH COBpe-
MeHHOll HayIUI B 06JWCTII IICpBHOii perYJI5IUIIH COCY UCTbIX <PYIIKUHiL
CJIOBa A. C. LI.oreJI5I (1898) 0 TOM, llTO LJYBCTBUTeJIbHbIe OKOHlla-
HII5I .D.OJI}I\IIbI 6h1Tb 130 BCeX KpOBeHOCHbIX COCY.D.aX, BbICKa3aI-IHble 11M
npll OnllCaHlIH lIepBlIblX npll60pOB aOpTbl II COCY OB cep ua, nO,,'IHO-
CTblO nO TBCp)l\,'I.eHbI BCCM XO,.'J.OM HaYlllIblX HCCJIC,'I.OBaHillf 13 3TOH
o6.TJaCTlI. Cl'ii Jac 06IIapY}I{CHbI II H3YllellbI peuenTOpHbIe OOpa30BaHH5I
COCY,J.IICTbI\: CTCIIOK 130 BCeX OT,YlCJIaX OpraHlI3Ma.
C Pyroii CTOpOllbl, II3BeCHIOC e e CO BpeMeH 11. ({). lJ,HoHa
(1873) nOnO}l{eHlle, nO TBCp}l{ eHHOe H. n. naBJIOBbIM (1882, 1883)
H B. r. YwaKoBbIM (1894), rOBopH ee 0 TOM, llTO 6JIY}I{ aJO HH HepB
HB,,'IHeTC5I Ba}l{lIblM, HO He eJ].HIICTBeHHbIM <paKTOpOM nOMep}l{aHH5I
ypOBH5I KpOB5IlIOro .D.aBJIC'HH5I, OKOHllaTe,,'IbHO .D.OKa3aHO 13 MHoro-
llHC.TIeHHbIX <pH3HOJIOrIllleCKHX UCCJIe.D.OBaHH5IX.
3 eCb B nepBYIO 01lepC b HY}I{HO Ha3BaTh pa60TbI no H3YlleHHIO
qyBcTBlneJIhHOCTH KapOTH.D.HOro Clmyca (11. HaBaJIHXHH, 1870;
naraHo, 1900; E. A. MOHceeB, 1926; XepHHr, 1927; XellMaHc,1933).
JIerollHblX COCY.D.OB (A_ B. <1>OXT II D. .rhIH eMaH, 1903; J1. KO}l{HH.
1905; H. A. CTpyeB, 1908a, 6; EellH6pH.D.}I{, 1915; LI.3JIH .D.e E3pr,
1937), COCY OB 6plOWHOH nOJIOCTH (Dammon a. Bronk, 1935;
B. H. 4epHHroBcKuii, 1943) U cocY.D.OB KOHeqHOCTeH (Xerep, 1887;
LI.eJIeUeH, 1897; H. H. LI.a, BbI,.'J.OB 1940).
Oco6eHHo He YKJIa.D.bIBaJOTC5I 13 Y3KHe paMKH TeopHH 0606ecneqe-
HHH COCY HCTOii llyBcTBHTeJIhHOCTII TOJIbKO aOpTaJIbHbIMH H CHHO-
KapOTlI HbIMH OT eJIaMH KpoBeHocHOIf CIICTeMbI MHOrOlll1CJIeHHbIe
.D.aHHbIe no qYBCTBIITCJIbHOCTU KamIJIJI5IpoB. OIlU npllBe.D.eHbI 13 rJIaBe
«06 I1HHepBaUlIl1 opraHHbIx cocY.D.OB» H CBO 51TC5I K nOJIO}l{eHHlO,
llTO KamlJIJI5IpHOe PYCJIO caMO no ce6e 51BJIHeTC5I orpoMHoH pe<pJIe-
KcoreHllOll 30IlOH.
LI.PYrHMIl CJIOBaMlI, BCCb <paKTl1lleCiUlii: MaTepHaJI, H3JIaraeMbIH
3.D.eCb II Y}I{e U3JIO}l{CHHbIii 13 npe.D.bI.D.yulHX rJIaBaX, Tpe6yeT HOBbIX
0606 ellllii, KOTOpbIC cnOC06IIbI OXBaTHTb Bce cy ecTBYJO l1e B 06-
JIaCTII cOCY.D.IICTOil lIYBCTBIITeJIhHOCTH <paKTbI H MorYT CJIY}I{HTb OT-
npaBHbI'UI n03HUU5IMIl JI5I HOBbIX HCCJIe OBaHHH.
no CYlI eCTBY TaKIlC 0606 eHu5I .D.0JI}I{Hbl BKJIJOllaTb 13 ce651
OCHOBIIbIe lI.D.ell, BbICKa3aHHble e BHJIOM II BaH .D.e BeJIb.D.e (1933),
E. A. LI.oJIro-Ca6ypoBbIM (1945, 1953), B. H. 4epHHroBcKHM (1947)
H r. <1>. I1BaIloBbIM (1949) 0 TOM, llTO llYBCTBHTeJIbHOCTb H pe<pJIeKCO-
reHHOCTb SlBJI5IIOTC5I CBOIlcTBaMII, npHCY HMI1 Bcell COCY.D.I1CTOH CH-
CTe fe .
Ho 3TO 13 CBOJO Ollcpe b BJIellCT 3a C060H Heo6xo.D.UMOCTb CI1CTe-
MaTII3aWHI <paKTOB H3 06JWCTI1 113YlleHH5I COCY I1CTOH llYBCTBI1TeJIb-
HOCTII II KJIaCCII<pHI<aUIIH COCY.D.UCTbIX peuenTopOB.
KaK 113BeCTHO, CTapoe pa3 e.TIeHl1e qYBCTBlneJIbHbIX OKOHllaHHii:
Ha CBo60 I1bIe II HeCB06o.D.Hble, T. e. OT.D.CJIeHHble OT HHHepBHpyeMoH
249
TKaHH .D.OnOJIHHTeJIbHbIMH 06pa30BaHU5IMH, OKa3aJIOCb HeCOCT05lTeJIb-
HblM He TOJIbKO no npWHIlle CBoero Y3KOro MopcpOJIOrU3Ma, HO H no-
TOMY, llTO COBpeMeHHOH HeupOrHCTOJIOrueii nOKa3aHO, llTO 3.1eMeHTbl
nepmt>epHlleCKOii rJIlm conp013mK.D.3IOT pa313eT13JIeHU5I Hep13HblX 130-
JIOKOH .D.O caMblX KOllellllblX CTPYKTYP H no cy eCT13Y C13060.D.Hb1X
OKOHllaHHU HeT.
Hall60JIee nporpCCCllBllble HeiipoJIOrll nOHIIMa.ll1, llTO 1lllCTO :\lOp-
<pOJIOrHlleCKlle KJIaCCHcpUKauuu He 5113.15110TC5I C013epweHHblMII. 3TO
06CT05lTeJIbCT130 OTpa3UJIOCb H Ha 3aKJIlOIICIIIHIX K. A. ApllwTeHHa
(1893, 1898), no n013o.D.Y KOTOpblX II CcpOPMYJIHp013aJI H. A. MIf-
CJIa13CKHU (1898) C13OIO lI.D.elO 06 OC060M THne llY13cT13HTeJIbHblX Hep13-
HblX OKOHllallIfii, 13 COCTa13 KOTOpblX .D.OnOJIHlneJIbHO 13XO.D.51T cneuu-
cpHlleCKH npHcnoc06JIeHHble KJIeTIUI, TpallccpopMHpYIO He 311eprHlO
pa3.D.pa)j{HTeJI5I. B .D.aJIbHeiiweM 13bI5lCHIf.TJOCb, llTO 3TH KJIeTKIf-TpaHC-
cpopMaTopbl, KOTopble H. A. .\\HCJIa13CKHH CllHTaJI 3nInCJIllaJIbHbl:\III,
5113JI5IIOTC5I npOIf3130.D.HbIM HeiipaJIbHOrO 3a, lJaTKa T. e. no cy eCT13Y
npIfHa.D.JIeR{3T K r.TJIf3.1JbHbIM 3. 1 ICMeIlTaM (51. A. BmmlIIW13 II E. A. Eep-
JIHH, 1 Y48). KpoMe Toro, CT3.10 H3BeCTHO, llTO peuenTopbl, cHa6-
)j{eHHble 3TIfMH CneUHaJIbllblMU K.leTK3MH, WHpOKO p3cnpocTpaHeHbl
13 opraHIf3Me H npeJKTa13JleHbl 06pa3013aIllI5IMIf pa3Hoii CJImKHOCTH,
HallHHaH C MepKeJIe13CKIfX .D.UCKOB II IWH1l3f1 TeJJaMIf MeikHepa.
O.D.HOBpeMeHHo Bbl5lCHIfJIOCb, llTO KJIeTKIf nJIaCTlIII BceB03MOR{HbIX
uHKancYJIHp013allHblx TC.1eu, cO,rJ.epR{aw.IfX )j{1I.D.KOCTb 13 CBoeM co-
CTaBe, TaK)j{e npIlHa.D.JIeR<3T K 3JleMellT3M nCpIHpCpljlleCKOii rJIHH,
KaK II caMU nJIaCTUllbl (51. A. BIlHHlIl<OB II E. A. Eep.TulII, 1948).
E, HaKOHeu, c013peMeHHa51 IIciip0rliCTO.l0rli51 o6HapY)j{u.TW llY13-
CTBIITeJILHble lIepBllble OKOHllaHIf5l, CH36iJ{eHHble CneUll3JILHbiMII K.TJeT-
KaMH, H 13 MeCTax, r.D.e IIX paHbwe lIe 31IaJIH, - 13 I'JIa.D.KOMbIWell-
HblX 060JIOllKaX nOJIOCTIlblX opraHoB (E. .\\. KPOXlIIia, 19-17) II
cocY.D.013 (T. A. fplJl'Opbe13a, 1932).
E. E. J1aBpcHTbCB (1944), KOTOpblii npll.D.ep>KIIB3.1C5I .D.3IlHoii
H. A. MIfCJIaBCKUM K.TIaCCIfCPIII<3WIH peuerlTOp013, COrJIaW3eTC5I C HH1\1
H 130 133rJI5I.D.ax Ha 31131leHlle CneUlfaJlbHblX KJleTOK, Clll1T3H I1X c13oe06-
pa3HblMIf TpaHccpopMaTopaMu CTIlM)"JIa, .D.eiicmYIOw.ero Ha HepBHot'
OKOllllaHHe.
Pa3.D.eJIellIfe peuenTopo13 no npHllwmy 113JIHlllUI H.111 OTCYTCT13IIH
B ux COCTaBe CneUH3JIbllbiX BcnO:\'loraTe.1JbHbIX K.leTOK npa13lf.lbHO
oT06pa>KaeT 06beKTlIBHO CYll CCT13YIO IfC flBJICII1I5I, 110 O,J.lloBpcMeHIlo
OKa3bIBaeTCfI CJIUWKOM 06 UM. 3T<> no cyw.ec-my 06w.afl KJIaC-
cHcplllwnH5I llYBcT13IITeJIbllblX OKOHllalluu. B KalleCTBe TaK0130ii OHa
MO>KeT 6blTb npHMeHeHa If K COCY..'J.IICTbl:\1 penenTopaM. Ho, I<3K II
13Cm<351 0611 afl K.TJaCCII<pHlW1UHI, OHa Tpe6yeT npO.D.OJI)KCHII5I 13 131f.D.e
llaCTHOU KJI3CCIf<pHKawm.
B HaCT05l IIU MOMeHT cpe.D.H ll)'13CT13lITC.lbHbIX npll60p013 caMoii
COC)",rJ.HCTOH CTeHKH cpll3110JIOrH Bbl.D.eJImOT TOJIbKO npecco- 11.111 6apo-
peuenTopbl, BocnpIfIIIIM3Iow.ue pa3J1I1'1Hble CTcneHH n013blweHHH HJIiI
nOHH>KCIlIfH BIIYTPHCOCY.D.IICTOro .D.3BJICHII5I (13. H. 4epHHro13cKlIII:,
19H).
250
Ho B paMKaX ::Horo pa3.l1.eJIemUI peuenTopOB He HaXOJJ.HT MeCTa
.cnoco6HOCTb HepBHOH CHCTeMbI perHCTpHpOBaTb MbIWe'IHbIH TOHYC
COCY.lI.HCTOH CTeHl<H, 6e3 'Iero HeB03MO>KHa KpOBepacnpe.ll.eJIHTeJIblIaH
'<PYHKUIiH MarHCTpaJIbHbIX COCYJJ.OlL
KpoMe Toro, B COBpeMeHHbIX npeJJ.CTaBJIeHIiHX 0 COCY.lI.lICTbIX pe-
uenTopax BCH xeMopeuenTopHaH <PYIII<I.lHH nepe.ll.aHa TaK Ha3bIBae-
MbIM rJIOMycaM. B npCJJ.bIJJ.ymeii rJIaBe pa306paHa BCH CJIO:>KHaH H
nYTmJaH HCTOpHH :lTOrO Bonpoca H nOKa3aHO, 'ITO caMo nOHHTHe
«rJIOMYC» JIHWeHO MOp<pOJlOrIJ'IeCKoro H cp1l3HOJIOrH'IeCKOrO CO.ll.ep-
}l{aHHH.
B npeJJ.bI.lI.YII.leii )!,e rJJaBe paBHbIM 06pa30M nOKa3aHO, 'ITO TO,
'"ITO B HaCTOHmee BpeMH C'IIlTaeTCH «rJIOMycaMH-xeMopeuenTopaMH»,
HBJIHeTCH Ha caMOM .lI.eJIe Y'IaCTKaMH naparaHrJIHOHapHOH TKaHH,
KOTopaH, 06JIaJJ.aH MOIlUlOii llYBCTI3HTeJIbHOii HHHepBaUHeH, Bce :>Ke
He BbInOJIII5IeT peuenTopHblX <PYHKUHH no OTHOllleHHIO KO BceH KpOBH
Bo06me.
HecoCTOHTeJIbHOCTb TCOpHH «xeMopeuenTopoB-r.JloMycOB» OCo-
ueHHo nO,'I.'ICpIUlBacTcH <p3KTaMH HaJIH'IIiH Bb COKOii xeMopeuenTop-
HOil cnoC061I0CTIi TCX OTJJ.eJIOB KpoBeHocHoH CliCTeMbI, r.ll.e 3THX
06pa30BalIIIii (naparaHrJIIICB, npHIIIIMaE'MbIX 33 «rJIOMYCbI») 3aBe-
.lI.OMO HeT - COCY.lI.OB KOlIe'IHOCTeH, JIerKHX II ueJIoro pH.lI.a JJ.PyrHx
BHYTpeHHIIX opraHOB.
Ha1I60_1ee JJ.eMOIICTpaTlII3IIOe nOpa}l{eHHe «rJIOMYCHaH» TeopHH
li:e:\lOpeuenmm nOTCpneJIa B pa60Tax B. H. 4epHHrOBCKoro, KOTO-
Pblii, He m,teH B03MO}l{HOCTII 06"bHCHHTb CIO Ha6JIIO.lI.aeMbIe <paKTbI,
BbIHY}I{.lI.eH 6bIJI OTKa3aTbCH OT npll3HaHIIH cnoc06HOCTH COCYJJ.I1CTOH
CTeHli:lI I30CnpIlIIIIMaTb XIIMlIlICCKIIe pa3.l1.pmKeHIIH, 3aHBIIB, 'ITO «xe-
MopenenTopbl JJ.OJI}I{lIbI pacnOJIaraTbCH BHe COCY.lI.0B, B TKaH5IX»
(B. H. 4CplIHroBCKIIii, 1947, CTp. 225), «xeMopeuemopbl JIOKaJIH-
3HPYlOTCH HaMil, B OCHOBHOM, I3 TKaHHX» (B. H. 4epHHroBcKIIH,
1949, CTp. 423). B .lI.PyroM MCCTe cBoeH CTaTbll B. H. 4eplUiroBcKIIH
(1949, CTp. 426) nO,'I.lIepKIIBaeT, lITO xeMopeuenTopbI pacnOJIO}l{eHbI
IiMeHHO B TKaHHX, a PC<p.I[CKCbl C COCY.lI.OB, Bbl3bIBaeMbie BBe.ll.eHIIeM
XIIMJ1lICCKIIX pa3.l1.pmKIITCJICii, CYTb «He pe<pJIE'KCbI <pH3I10JIOrH'Ie-
CKHe».
O,1.HaKO, 6Y.ll.Y'I1I COl3epWCHHO npaBbIM B TOM, 'ITO XHMH3M KpOBH
BocnpIlIIII:\taeTC5I HC TOJIbKO B CIIHOKapOTH.lI.lIOH II aOpTaJIbHOH 06-
.1aCT5IX pacno.l0}l{CIIIILI:\1II 3:tCCb «r :IOM YCCl:o.-III» , HO 11 B JII06blx opraHax
Ii TK3HHX, I3 KOTOpblX TaKlie «rJIOMycbl» OTC)'TCTBYIOT, B. H. 4epm1-
rOI3cl,lIIl IICnpaI3, BblKJIIOLJaH H3 xCMOpel.lcnUHl1 caMoe COCY.lI.HCTYIO
CTeHKY. TaKHe YTl3ep}l{JJ.ellHH, BOCKpclllaJOmHe CTapbIe B3rJIH.lI.bI
n. 10. Kay<p!>tana (1912), 06e.ll.1I5IIOT pel.lcmOplIble B03MO}l{HOCTH
KpoBeHocHbIX COCY,'I.OB, 'IeM BbIK.rIlO'IaIOT I1X H3 ueJIoro pHJJ.a MeTa-
60JUI'IeCKIIX peaKuliiL
OTJJ.aBaH OT'IeT B OrpalIlJllCHIIOCTII II HeCOCTOHTe_lbHOCTH cOBpe-
MeHHbIX npe.ll.CTaBJIClIml 0 xCMopeltenUll!l B 06JIaCTII KpoBeHocHblX
cocY.lI.oB, r. <P. BBaHoB (1945) BbIJJ.l3l1raeT cBOIoTeopHlOo reMopeuen-
Topax - CneUHaJIbHO nocTpoeHlIblx nepBHblx o6pa30BaHHHx,
251
pacnOJIO)!{CHHbIX B HapY)KHbIX 060.;IO'IKaX KpynHblx apTepllii II 13
OKpY)!{aIOIlleHIIX COl',rJ,HHIITeJILHOH n;allll, 'laCTO OKOJIO h:anIlJIJIHpOB.
AHa.TIII3 KOHUenUlU1 r. (I). I IBaHo13a {l9.t5) nOKa3bmaCT. 'ITO OHa
CTpeMHTCH pacnpOCTpallIlTb n;aHb KapOTlI,rJ,Horo «rJIOMyca» 3a npe-
,rJ,eJIbl ee 06bIIIIIOro pacnO.TIO)KCllIlfl II cHa6,rJ,IITb elo COCY,rJ,IICTYIO CTeH-
KY Ha BCCM npOT5nl<eHIIII. B npe,rJ,bl,rJ,)"Illcii rJIaBC «0 naparaHr",I1HX
If rJIOMycax» nOlW3aJIO, 'ITO TO, 'ITl) HOCIiT Ha3BaHIIe «rJIOMYCHaH»
TKaHb, flBJIfleTCfI xpoMaq)(lmmlOii naparaIlrJIllOllapIlOii TKaHblO II
'ITO pacnOJIO)l{ellHe noc.:Jc.J,lleii CTporo ,rJ,eTepI\UlHHpOBaHO JIOKa.,H-
3aUlleii Y3J10I3 al3TOIIOMllOii Hepl3110ii ClICTCMLI. D03TOMY 130 MHOrHX
MeCTax, r,rJ,e r. <1). Hl3allOB (1945) .TJOKaJIII3YCT reMopeuenTopbI,
«rJIOMycIIaH», T. e. XpOMa(txpllIlIlaf!, TKallb lIaXO,/J.I1TbCH lie MO)l{eT.
O,rJ,HaI<O, HeCKOJILKO 3a6crafl Bnepc,/J., HY)KHO nO,rJ,'IepKHYTb, 'ITO cpaK-
Tlf'IeCKHH MaTepfJaJI, lIa 6a3e KOTOpOro r. Q>. HBaIloB CTpOflT CBOIO
KOHuenUHIO, BcpeH H OlleHb lIIITcpeceIl. U,eJIblii pH,rJ, nplf60poB,
Ha3bIBaeMblX HM rCMopeuenTopm.m, HeCOMHeIlllO, IIMeCT OTHOllleHHe
H K xeMopeuenullH, paBlIo KaK H K ,rJ,PyrllM BlfJ],aM HepBHblx BOCnpll5I-
THii cocY,rJ,lfcToii CTellKlf, HO Bce 3TH npH60pbl nOCTpOCllbl He no Tlmy
KapOTH,rJ,Horo «rJIOMyca».
11_ D. DaMoB (1907a)1 B CBoe BpeMH OTMeTHJI, 'ITO «TOJIbKO
YCTOH'IHBaH KJIaCCH<tJHKaUIfH MO)l{eT 6bITb npIfHHTa». CJIOBa 3TH 6blJIH
CKa3aHbl no nOBO,rJ,Y 'IYBCTBIITeJILHblX lIepBHbIX OKOH'IaHHH B CTeH-
Kax cep.D.ua, Mop<\JOJIOm'IeCKOe MHoro06pa3l1e KOTOpblX H. D. DaBJIOB.
XOTeJI CBf!3aTb C MHoro06pa3l1eM BbInOJIHHeMblX HMH <\JYHKUIiOlIaJIbHbIX
3a.D.a'I.
11. D. DaBJIOB (1894) C'IHTaJI, 'ITO 'IYBcTBIfTe"bllble OKOH'IaHlI5I
13 opraHax H TIWHHX cneUIf<\JIf'IeCKH nplfcnoc06JIeHbI Ka)l{.D.Oe K CBoe-
MY cBoe06pa3HOMY pa3,rJ,pa)l{HTeJIl0 MeXallH'ICCKOro, <\JH311'IeCKoro
HJIII XHMH'IeCKOrO xapaKTepa.
3TOMY Tpe60BaHliIO - YCToii'IliBOCTIi - COBpCMeHlIble KJIac-
CH<\JIIKaWUl COCY,rJ,HCTbIX peucnTopOB OTBe'IaIOT CIlle 13 MaJIoii CTeneHH,
TaK KaK eIlle He,rJ,OCTaTO'IIlO H3BeCTllbl MOP(!)OJIOrH'IeCKlie 3KBHBaJIeH-
TbI cnoc06HOCTH peuenTopOB cneUIH.IJH'IeCKH pearlipOBaTb Ha TOT HJIll
HHOH pa3,rJ,pa)l{HTeJIb.
OmJaKO cpaKTlI'IeCKlIii MaTCpllaJI II no MOp (Po.'I OrH II , II no <\JH3HO-
JIOrIm COCY,rJ,HCTOii peuemWII 13 HaCTOHIllce BpeMfI IJaCTOJIbKO BeJIHK,
'ITO n03BOJIHeT BblCKa3aTb II eKOTOpble co06pa)l{cmIf! If 13 3TOii
06JIa CTII.
Q)aKTbl, COCT3BJI5IlOll lIe CO,rJ,CP))WllIlC HaCTOHIllcii pa60Tbl, 1I3.10-
:>KeHbl TaK, 'ITo6b1 MO)lmo 6bl.'I0 O}{HOl3peMClIlIO npC,rJ,CTaBHTb II npo-
aHaJIlI3lfpOBaTb COCY,rJ,I1CTble peuenTopbl no I3ceMY JIJIHHllllKY KpOBe-
HOCHOM: CHCTCMbl, COnOCT3B1ITb IIX CTpOCllife C JIOha.'IH3aJwcii 13 TOM 1I.'I1I
HHOM cC'cY,rJ,e, B TOH IIJIIi Iwoii 'JaCTIi COCY,'J,HCTOii nCHKII, cunUCTaBIITb
CTPYKTYPY IIYI3CTI3IITC.TJhlIbIX OIWIIlJallllii C IlK B031\1O)KllbIM (!)YllKUIIO-
HaJIbHblM 3Ha I IeHlIeM.
1 II. fl. n 11 B:I 013, BbICTyn:Il'IIIIl' IJ npl'IIIIH:-' nO ,'10K:la;1Y .\. C. 110-
reJlH 20/111 1897, flo.1110e coupallllc CO'IItIll'lIlIii, 1951, T. Ii, np. 8l;.
2 2
TaKoii mJaJI1I3 1I03BOJI5ICT C)l.eJIaTb JleKOTOpbIe06LUlle BbIBOJJ.bIOT-
HOCIlTe.'lbIlO MOplpOJIOrJI4eCIWii JJ.I1IJaMIIKII peUCnTopHoro annapaTa
KpOBCIIOCIIOii CIICTeMbI, lIa OCIIOl3e KOTUpblX MO}KHO CTpOHTb H 60JIee
4aCTllble 3aK.'1IUlfCIIIIH u6 OTJJ.e./IbllbIX peuenTOpaX, 06eCne4HBaloLUl:IX
COI3MCCTHO C ,lI,PyrllMII KOl\mOHCIITa:\<IH CnelllHtJlltleCI<YIO cpYHKUHIO
.ZI.aHIlOrO COCY,'I.a IIJIII Toii ero tJacn!, cac DIU! pacnOJIO}KeHbI.
3apaHee MmKIlO CKa3aTb, 4TO TaKaH KJIaCCllcpllI<CIUIIH eLUe He
6YJJ.CT 4HCTO MOplpOJlOnl4eCKoii. 4HCTO MOplpOJIOrl1lleCKaH KJIaC-
CIlCPIlIWlUIH B03!>!O}l\lla TOJIbKO Tor,lI,a, Kor,lI,a TOtlHO 113BeCTHO lpYHK-
UllOHaJIbllOC 31Jatfelllle Toii IWII II110ii CTPYI(Typbl. TaKOII nOJIHOTOrl
3HaHilii MbI 13 lIaCTOHLUee BpeM5I He pacnOJIaraeM II n03TOMY BbIllY-
)K.aelIbl, OUCY}I\,lI,aH CTpOCHlle pCllenTopa, npllHHMaTb 130 BIIUMalllle
cneUIHpIlI\Y BUCnpll5ITIIH pa3;1.pmKCUuii Toii 06. T WCTbIO, r,lI,e 3TOT pe-
uenTOp pacnOJIO}KCU.
Y4eHHe 06 opraHax Tpe6yC'T OT MOpcpO:lOrIIlI I3bl.n.e. T leHUH 13 nep-
BYIO 04cpe,lI,b TCX HX KOMnOHeIlTOI3, KOTOpblC 06eCnC t lllI3alOT 11M OCHOB-
Hoe <PYHKUIIOHaJIbHOe 3Ha t lelll1(', a 3aTl'M II Bcex OCTaJlbllblX, KOTopbIe
nOMoraJOT OCHOBHOII CTpYKType opraua I3bmOJIHHTb CBOH <PYHI{UIIH.
no OTHOllleHHIO K KpOBeHOCllhl:\! COCYllClM TaKoii OCHOBHOii CTPYK-
Typorl, HeCOMHeHHO, 5IBJIHeTCH MblIllC t llla5I 060JIOtIKa. l1MeHHo OHa
B nepBYIO Otlepe,lI,b 06l'CnC'J11BaCT lPYIIKIII110 pacnpCJJ.eJIellll5I KpOBH no
op rCliIll3:\!Y.
n03TOMY 'IYI3CTBIlTe.rlhIIa5I 1IIIIIcpBallIIH MblllletlHoii 060JIOlJKU KpO-
BellOCHblX COC\',lI,OB 3aCJI\"}I<IlBaeT uc060ro BHIIMaIlUH.
1-13 CBCJJ.C1I1iii, IIPIlI3C)l.l:llllbIX 130 I3TOpoii, TpCTheii, tfaCTU4HO B 4eT-
BepToii II nHToii r.aal3ax, BbiTChaC1, liTO l\IbllllC ' I1JaH 060JI04Ka apTcpllH
H Bell JlIoOOro IWJIII6pa I3cer,lI,a 06JIa,lI,aeT 0611JIbHOii lJYBCTBHTeJlbHOH
HHHepBaUlleii. B JJ.yre aopTbl Ii B Ha4HualOLUIIXCH OT Hee MamCTpaJlb-
HblX cucy.n.ax, npe,lI,CTaBJIeUllblX HHCXO,lI,5ILUeii, rpY,lI,HOII H 6plOlllHOH
4aCT5I:\!II aopTbI II MHOrOtUlCJIeHUhlMII IIX BeTBHMH, MbIllle4H8H 060-
.JI041W nepeCJIOeHa orpoMHblMII pcucnTopublMU nO.1HMII. OCHOBIIOH
CTPYKTypoii 3TIIX pCIlcnTopublX nO.TJeii HBJl5Il0TCH 06111upllble, l1e-
peKpbIBaloLUllc ,lI,Pyr JJ.pyra .apeBoBII;l.ubIe OKOH'laHII5I C orpoMHblM
KO.TJU4eCTI30!>! TOHI<IlX BeTl3eii, paCnOJImKeHlIblx 13 o,lI,uoii nJIOCKOCTH.
KOHlleBbIe pa3BeTB.Tll'UIIH TaJOIX pelJ,enTOpOB npUXo,lI,HT B conpu-
KOCUOBCHlle C Mblllle t lllbE\lII KJIeTKaMII tunica media COCY,lI,OB. Mllo-
rill' 113 TaKIIX peIlel1TOpOI3 COlep}KaT 13 CBoeM COCTaBe U Bcnm1Ora-
Te.'1 bUble KJICTKIL
9T11 peIlcnTopbl pacnpOCTpall5IIOTCH II Ha Bce KpynHble BeTBH
aOpTbl. no Mepe YMellhlllCUII5I ,lI,IJaMCTpa COCY,lI,UB npn !IX .aaJIbHeii-
llIHX BeTI3:lellll5IX tunica media OCTaeTC5I lIacblLUeulloii 4VI3CTBlne.TJb-
Hbl:\1II Ol\OlIlIa II 115I Mil. 11 jl,CI}I{e 13 caMblX MCJIKIIX l3eTB5IX MarucTpaJIb-
HblX cocy.n.013, f,lI,e MbllllC'IHa5I 060:IOt1Ka npeJJ.CTaB.TJeIJa O,'I.HHM CJIOeM
MbllllptJl[blX I\JleTOK, oua nUnpe)KHl'MY COnpOBG-K.aaCTCH peuen-
Topa:\!II.
IIccoMllelIIlo, 4TO 3Ta CJImKHaH CIlCTl'Ma pCIlenTopHblX annapaToB
HB.'1HeTC5I Cnl'IUICI.TlbHO npllcnOC06JIl'IIIlOii ,lI,JIH BocnpuHTIIH Tex 113-
MeHeHlIII I3 1\1b1111CIIIIbIX 3.leMl'IITax, KOTOpblC CI35I3allbl C lIX cOKpaLUe-
253
HHHMH H C KOJIe6aHHHMH TOHyca MblWe4HblX KJIeTOK. 3a ono rOBopUT
B nepBYJO 04epe.n.b Tonorpaqm4eCI<aH CBH3b HX C Mblwe411blMH 4aCTH-
MH cOCy.n.HCTOH CTeHKH.
B CBH3H C 3THM HY}I{HO ynoMHHYTb, 'ITO E. H. J1aBpeHTbeB
(1943), roBopH 0 peuenTOpax BHYTreHllHx Opr3IIOB, Bbl.n.eJIHJI cpe.n.H
HHX CneUHaJIbHble Mblwe4Hble peuenTOpbl. PaBllblM 06pa30M HY}I{HO
OTMeTHTb H cpII3HOJIOrII'ICCKHe IICCJIe.n.OBaHIIH .TIaH.n.rpclJa (Land-
gren, 1952a, b), B KOTOpblX OH nOKa3bIBaeT, 'ITO 6apopeuenTopbl
KapoTH.n.Horo cHlIyca, .n.eiicTBYIOlUlle napaJIJleJIbHO C COKpaTlITC'JIb-
HblMH 3JIeMeHTal\H1, 06J1a.n.aJOT 60.TJbWHMII BcpwIlHaMII Ha OCUIIk
JIOrpaMMe, \)CM .n.pyrIIc ero penenTopbl, pa3;J.pmKC'lIue KOTOpblX lie
CBH3aHO C .n.eHTeJIbHOCTLIO l\lbIWU.
HaJIH'II1e BcnOMOr3TeJILHblX KJleTOK 13 COCT3BC TaKUX peuenTo-
pOB nOKa3bIBaeT, 'ITO npll pCI"IICTp3UIIlI Mblllle'IHblX COKpalll.ellIIii II
H3MeHeHUll MblWC'IHoro TOH)"Ca IICPBIIOMY npll60py npIIXO;J.IITCH
UMeTb .D.eJIO C Heo6xo.D.HMOCTbI0 TpaHc£popMllp013aHIIH pa3J1.pa}!,eIIlIH
H C nepCBO.D.OM O.D.HOro BII.n.3 311cpnm 13 Apyroii. MO}l{HO C YBepeH-
HOCTbJO CKa3aTb, '1TO 3TO !>lellec HY}KHO npll BOCnplI5ITIHI HepBHblMII
OKOH4aHlIHMII nCpe.D.BmKelllIii, CBH3311HblX C COI,palll.eHIIH:\1lI II pac-
CJIa6JIeHUHMU MbIlllelIllblX 060JIO'lCK COCY.D.013. H, nOBlI.D.IIMOMY, TpaHC-
cpopMaUlIH CTIIMY,,10B .D.CJ13CTCH 065I3aTe,TILlloii npll perIICTpaUlIII Tex
npOlleCCOB, KOTOpblC CBH aHLI C IIC311a l IIITC.lbllbll\1II H3:\ICHCHIIHMII
MblllJe4Horo TOHyca II HBJIHIOTCH no CYIlI.CCT13Y ( 1I3I1KO-XmIJ1lleCKIIMIL
TOHKOCTb H TOllHOCTb pcrIICTpmUIII Toro, lITO npOIICXO.D.IIT B Mbl-
wellHmf 060JI04Ke II B Ka}l{.D.oii MblwelIllmf I<JICTKC cocy.a.a, JIe}l{lIT
B OCHOBe TOHKOCTII II TOlIHOCTII OT13CTHblX pe31,IUlIf, HanpaB"lellHblX
Ha 06eCnC'ICHIIe ueJICC006p33110ii npllCnOCOUJICllIIOCTII tunica media
cocY.D.a K ee 33.D.a'laM. OTCIO,7J,a BbITCKaCT U 3a.D.a4a pcuenTopoB ee -
C Hau60Jlbllleif nO.'lHoToil BocnpllHIIMaTL Bce, 4TO npOlICXO.D.IIT B Mbl-
we4Hoi't 060JIO'lKe, Ha4111IaH C rpy6blx ncpt'!>leIll.CIIIlii II KOH43H
TOHKUMH XHMH4eCKUMII peaKUIIHMlI, C13H33IlIIbIMU C M3JIeiiWIII\1II U3-
MeHeHUHMU TOHvca MblWe'lIIblX I{JICTOK.
3TH peuenTopbl Mbl MQ}KeM C nOJlHblM npaBOM Ha3BaTb peuen-
TOpaMU, 06eCne4HB3I01ll.1IMII pacnpeJ],CJIUTeJIbllYIO <PYIIKUIIIO KpOBeHOC-
HblX cocy.n.OB. HenOCpe.D.CTBeHlIOe IIX 3Ha l lC'IIlIe 3aKJIlO'l3eTCH B peru-
CTpupOBaHIHI COCTOHHHH Mblwe4HblX 3JICMCIITOB COCY.D.IICTOlf CTC'HKII.
OnOCpe.D.OBaHHO OHII CBH3aHbl II C 60.'lee 061uelf 3a.n.a4elf ue.rleco06-
pa3Horo KpOBOCHa6}1{CHIIH opraHOB, TaK K3K 3TO KpOBOCHa6}1{eHUe
3aBHCUT OT no.n.BU}I{HOCTU COCY.D.llcToii: CTCIIKII, a perUCTpall.UH co-
CTOHHUH Mblwe4HOH KJIeTKU HBJIHeTCH npe.D.nOCbJ.TIKoii: K ee a,'J.3K-
BaTHOMY nOTpe6HOCTH .D.BII}I{eHHJO.
Ha Bcex ypOBHHX KpOBeHOCHblX COCY.D.OB B IIX CTeHK3X IIMeeTCH
H BTOpmf BH.D. 4YBCTBUTe.TIbllbIX HepBllblX OKOIJlI3II1IH, xapaKTepll3Yl0-
IlI.HXCH CBOHM TeCHblM OTHoweHIIeM K 3JIaCTlIK0-KOJIJIareHOBbIM 3.1e-
MeHTaM. B npoCTeiiweM CJIY4ae 3TU OIWH4aHIIH npe.D.CTaB,leHbl cpaB-
HHTeJIbHO He60JIbWHMH peuenTopaMII, p3CnOJImKCHHLIMH CBOHMII BeT-
BHMH Ha nY4Kax KOJIJIarenOBblX H 3JIaCTH4eCKUX BOJIOKOH. CJIe.D.YJO-
meH cpOpMOH TaKHX OKoH4aHHH HBJIHJOTCH MeJIKHe II KpynHble KY-
254
CTUKH, nOMe aJO HeC5I B COe.D.UHUTeJlbHOTKaHHbIX Y 1 laCTKaX, BKpan-
.1eHHbIX B TOJl Y tunica media UJl11 B.D.aJO IIXCfI B Hee co CTOpOHbl
tunica adventitia. TaKue :>Ke 4Y13cTB11TeJlbHble KYCTUK11 Jle:>KaT 11
B 6e3Mblwe4Hblx YlJacTKax, IIMelOw.UXC5I B ocnOBaHHU Ka:>K.D.Oro OT-
XO.D.51111erO OT MaTepuHcKoii BeTBH cocY.D.a.
Hall60JIbWeii Bblpa:>KeHHOCT11 nOJ\06l1bIe peuenTopbl .D.OCTliraJOT
B J.yre aopTbI. 3.D.ecb OHU npeJtcTa13Jlellbl KOMnaKTHbII\IH IwpOTKoBeT-
BIICTblMII KYCTaI\1l1, YBeH4aHHbiMu lJa KOIlIWX BOJlOKOH BceB03MO:>K-
HblMII pacwllpeHuHMu, KOJle4KaMU II nJIaCTlIIIKaMII. K 4UCJlY xapaK-
TepHefiwHx ux npIl3HaKoB OTHOCIITCfI II TO, 1JTO 0111I pacnOJlaralOTC5I
B Y1JaCTIWX cpe.1Heii 060JlOIIKII .I1.)TII aopTbl, JlIIWeHHblX I\IblWe411blX
3JIe:lICIITOB. 3TII Oe3;\lbIWe 1 lHbIe Y 1 JaCTKII nOCTpoeHbl TOJlbl O U3 Ha-
C.loellHblX .'tpyr Ha ,TJ:pyra 3J1aCTUKO-I-':OJlJlareHOBbIX nJlaCTll1I
C PblXJloii 1J0JlOKHIICTOii coe;J.HHIITeJlbHOii TKaHblO B npOI\le:>K)'TKax.
Ca 1II peuenTopHbIe OKOHlJalUI5I 06J1a.D.aJoT np11 coxpaHeHl1H OOill.cro
Tlllla CTpOeHlIf! 60JlbWIII\I pa3Ho06pa311eI\l B OTHowellIlU KaK f{oJlII-
4eCTBa KOHUC13blX BeTBeii, TaK II (' JIO:>KHOCTU IIX BeTBJle lllii Ii BHew-
Hero BII,J.3 KOHue13blX CTPYKTYp. ECTb cpe.111 iiil x II T3Ime, KOTopbIe
cHa6:>Kellbl BCnOI\lOraTeJlbJlbII\I11 KJleTlWI\III.
CBfl3b C 3.'laCTUKO-IW.'1,lareH013bJl\IH 3JICI\leHT<I\UI COCY.D.IICToii CTeH-
KII U OC06CIIHO .101HIJlII3aUllfI 13 oe3MblUle 1 lllbiX Y l l3CTlWX tunica
media cocY.l1.0R nO,1CKa3bIRmOT npe;lno,lO}Keilile 0 <PYHKUIIOIWJIbIlOM
311a 1 !CIIIIII TaKIlX peuenTopo13.
Han60Jlee l3epoflTHo OHO 3aJ{JlI0IIaCTCfI B perJICTpamlH CTeneHU
KpoBeilanOJlllelllf51 cocY.D.a H COOTIIowemm KOJlWICCTBa KpCBII C 001>-
eMOM COCY.D.a, T. e. <j:JaKTopOB, 113 IWTOPblX C03,TJ:aeTCfI TO, 1JTO Ha3bI-
BaeTCfI KpOBHIILlM .D.aBJleHIIe:l1. 5e3MbIwe'IIlafl CTpYKrypa Y4aCTKOB,
B KOTOpbIX paCnOJlO}KeHbl TaKlle peuenTopbI, cnoc06cTByeT ux pea-
rupOBallHIO paCTmKeHHeM Ha KmK.D.OC 113MCHellHe .D.aBJleHU5I B .D.allllblX
OTpe3Kax cocy.1GB. 3TH paCTH)!{eIlHH 11 flBJI5I1OTCH CTUMYJJaI\III,
Bbl3bIBmoliOlMII B0311UKHOBeHile I1MnYJlbC013 13 COOT13eTCTBeHHbIX HepB-
lIblX OKOIPIaHllflX.
Cnoc06110CTb ..'J.yrn aopTbl npll nOBblwelIIIIl B HeH KpOBHHoro .D.aB-
.1eHllfI nopo)J{,13Tb peaKllllll cep.D.ell11o-COCY.D.IICTOH CIlCTeI\lbl U Jl.pyrHx
I3H)TpeIlHllx opralloB .D.aBIIO H3BeCTlJa <j:J1I3I10JlOraM. Pe<pJleKTOpHaH
npllpo,J.a 3TIIX peaKUIIH 13CKpblTa; H3)''IeIl0 U m}xt1epeHTHoe 3BeHO UX,
Ha4l1HalOLu.eccfI BbIlileonUCaIlHbll\UI IIVBCTBllTeJlbHblI\IH OKOH4aHU5IMU.
06HapY:>KeHHble BnepBbIe A. C. .LI.oreJleI\1 (1898), OHU MHoroKpaTHo
!1o,J.TBep)KJl.ellbI B paoOTax UCJloro pfl;l.a IICCJle.D.oRaTeJleH (TeJlbO,
1924; .\\ypaTopu, 1937b; CYH,J.ep-nJIaCC\!aIl, 1933; HOHU.D.eU, 1935a;
T. A. rpIlropbcBa, 1948, U ,J.p.).
HaOJIIoJl.cHllfI OTHOCUTe.lbHO uHHepBaUIIH .'J.yru aopTbI U <pU3UO-
.10rll 1 leCKoro 3Ha1JeHII5I ec peuenTopoB IIIlTepeCHO conOCTaBUTb C TeM,
4TO oUIIapY)KCIIO B 06J13CTII KapoTII,J.lloro cllHyca. .LI.e KacTpo
(1926) omlcaJl 13 CTeHKe ero 0611Jlbllble llY13CTBIITeJlbHbIe OKOH4aH1151,
KOTopble 011 no 4HCTO I\lop<pOJlOrJllICCKlIi\l npll3HaKaM OTHec K .D.13yM
TlmaM: K nepBOMY - C ;l.JlIIHHbIMII TepMUllaJl5lI\UI, 11 KO BTOPOMY -
C 60.'lee KOPOTKUMU 11 rYCTbIMU BeTB5IMIl.
255
B Ra,HbHeI"lweM 3TlI OKOHliallIHI B sinus caroticum 6blJIII 06Hapy-
)KeHbl MIIOnIMH HCCJlet\Ol3aTCJl5IMH (CYII,rJ,Cp-nJlacc:\1aH, 193U, 1933;
Rynders, 1933; Ask-Upmark, 1935; Standacher Daile Aste,
1941; A. A. C;\IIIPHOB, 1 45; H. r. Cr.lllplIoBa, 1948; A6paxml, 1949,
1953; A. B. BOTpllll, 19;)1, 1932). DblJlII YCTaHol3J1cHbI II IICTOlIHIIKII
4YBCTBHTe.lbHOH I1IfHepBaUlliI 3TOii 06:WCTII (LLalllle:lOno.1Y II .\\anes-
CU, 1928; ,'{e KaCTpo, 1929; I I. 11. v'la6ynlll, 1947).
Ew.e co BpeMclIH Ii. Hal3aJllIxlIIJa (1870) H fI:.'raHo (1900) 113-
BeCTHO, liTO 06:laCTb pa313eT13JleWIH 06w.eii cOlllIoii apTepll1i npll onpe-
t\eJleHHbIX B03,1.eiicTBIUIX ;\1Q)l{eT CTaTb MeCTOM Halla:w pequeKTopHoro
HepBHoro npolJ,ecca, 06YC.l0I3Jll1l3aIOIlI.CrO OTI3CTlIble peaKUIIII cep,1.ua,
cocY.'I.OB II BHYTpeHlIllx opralloB, a IIHorAa II CheJleTHblX MbIWU.
CXO,rJ,CTI30 CTPYKTypbl llYI3CTBIITCJlbHbIX oKolIlIaIIllii ,1.yrll aopTbl
11 KapoTH.'I.HbIX CHIIYCUB II CXO.'l.CTI3U OCIIOBHblX OTl3eTHblX peaKIUJH
npH HX pa3,J.pa)J{eHIIII nplll3eJlO K TOMY, liTO 06e 3TII 30Hbl 6bl,11!
o6Let\HHeHbl 13 OOlll.iIH pe,!-JJIeKCOreHHblii MexaH1I3M, CT05IW.llii Ha
cTpa)J{e KpoBHHoro jlal3J1eHliH B OpraIIlI1Me.
B lJaCTHOCTII, npc,1.CTal3:IcHII5I 0 PC{P:lcKCfJreHHOii pOJlII KapoTII,1.-
Horo cImyca I10JlY l IlIJlII oc060e 1I0t\Kpell.lelllle B paooTe E. A. MOH-
ceeBa (1926), XepllHra (1927), LLaHlleJlOnOJIY C COTpY.'I.IUIKa:l1ll
(AsIan, l\\arcou, Proca H l\\aHecKY, 1927), .D.aHlleJlOnOJlY (1928),
KaHa (1929), XeiiMaHca C COTpYt\IIIIKaMII (1933), illl3eiiuepa (1935),
A. A. WJlbll<013a (1938), C. C. Op10COBOii II J1. A. Kopeiiwa (1938)
II 9ii.1epa II lJ,oTTepMaHa (Euler u. Zotterman, 1942). B 60Jlee 11.111
MeHee TOHKI1X 3KcnepllMCIITax OHII 1I0Ka3aJlII 3IJalIeIIIIe06JJaCTII pa3-
BeTBJleHli5I 061ueil COHIIOii apTepll1l B pCnICTpaUIIII KpOI3HHOrO ,1.al3.1e-
HliH. Oc06eHHO I1HTCpeCHbl t\allHble 3il::epa II lJ,oTTep;\JalIa (1942),
KOTopble, 3annCbIBaH TOKU ,'{CifcTI3115I B CIIHYCIIOM llepBe, 06HapY)J{IIJIlI
13 HeM 3aJlllbI m.mYJlbCOI3, COOTI3CTCTBYIOlll.lle Ka}Kt\oii CllcTo.le, a paB-
HO H t\aHHble HeiiJla, liiTpeMa (Strom) II lJ,oTTepr.JaHa (195U), no-
Ka3aBWlie, liTO HMeHHO paCT5J}I{CHlle I3bI3bIl3aeT pa3,'1.pmKelllle peuen-
TOpOB, 06pa3013aHHblX 3TIIM Hep130M.
OKOH4aJHl5I B .1I.yre aupTbI II B KapOT1It\lIbIX CIlHycax nOJlY411.111
Ha313aHue npeccopeuemopOB. OpOHK II CTCJIJla (Stella, 1932, 1935)
11 vlaH,'{rpeH (1952a, h) nOKa3aJlII MaJIYlo cnoc06HoCTb K a,1.allTallIlII
11 OOJlbWOe pa3Ho06pa3ue 13 noporax 4yBcTBlITe.lbHOCTH Y IIpecco-
pel enTopoB sinus caroticlIs.
no OTHOWCHIIIO K KapoTIlt\HOMY CIIIIYCY 3aCJlY)J{lIl3alOT oc060ro
ynoMIIHaHH5I ,'I.Ba OOCTOHTeJlbCTl3a. nepl30e 3aKJlIOlWerCH 13 lJpe3l3bl-
4aiiHO:II CXO.'l.CTl3e ero pcnellTOpOI3 C TaKOl3blr.m )J{e Aym aopTbI, BTO-
poe - B TOM, liTO 3TII penellTopbl pacnO:IO}KeHbI 13 TaKIIX }Ke 6e,1.HbIX
MbIWe ' lIIbIMH 3J1eMe1lTaMII Y'JaCTKax, KaK II 13 t\yre aopTbl. r OIlC-
BaHrepa (npHl3e,1.eHO 110 CYIIt\cp-IIJlaCCMaHY, 1930) HMelOTCH CBe,J.e-
HIlH - IlX nOTOM nO.1.T13ep,'l.lIJ1 t\e KacTpo (1926) - 0 TOM, liTO
tunica media KapoTHAHoro cIIHyca I1CTOJllleHa. CYIIt\Cp-nJlaccr.wH
(1930), H3Meplll3Wuii TOJILUIIHY neHKII a. carotis communis, a.
carotis interna Ii sinus caroticus, Hawe,l, 4TO Y 06w.cii COHHOil
apTeplIH OHa pal3Ha 0,6 MM, Y I3IIYTpelIIIeii cOIHloii - 0,45 I\Jr.I,
256
y ClclHyca }l{e-Bcero 0,2 MM. B CJIeJI.YloLu.Ci-'1 paGOTc CYH,lI,ep-f1JIaCC-
MaH (1933) CHOBa nO) TI3ep,lI,IIJI, liTO tunica media KapOTH,lI,HOro
CI1Hyca pC,'J,YUlfpoBaua, a tunica intima H tunica adventitia Y1'OJI-
meHbl, BHYTpeUHH5I )Ke 3JlacrwleCKa5J MeM6paHa npeBpameHa R llIH-
POKYIO JleUTY. CYH,lI,ep-f1JIaCCl\IaH nOJI.'lepKIlBaeT, lITO CTpoeHlle CH-
Hyca TaKOBO, lJTO n03BOJI5JeT KpomIHoii BOJIlle ero pacnmYTb II Bbl-
3BaTb pa3,lI,pa}l{eHlle HepBHblx annapaTOB. }-la pCJI.YUllpOBaHHYIO II
60JIee 3. J J3CTIIIIlfYI0 cpeJlHlOlo 060JIOIlJ{Y KapOTIl,lI,Horo CI1Hyca YKa3bl-
BalO1' II ,lI,pyme (AcK-YmVIapK, 1935; DOH,lI" 1937). <P. A. BOJIbIHCKHI'j
(1937), OTMelJaH HCTOHlleUHe cpe,lI,ueii OOOJIOlJKH CTeHKH I<apOTH,lI,-
Horo cImyca H ooraTcTBO ee 3JI3CTH'leCKHMH BOJIOKHaMH, rOBopHT,
lJTO KapOTH,lI,HbIH CIIHYC uanOMHHaeT no CTpOeHl!lO HalJaJIbHYIO lraCTb
aOpTbI. Ha YMeHbllIeHHe B OOJIaCTH KapOTIl,lI,HOro cllHyca MbIllICLJHbIX
3.1eMeHTOB H Ha yneJIH'IelIlle 3JIaCTHqeCKHX YKa3bIBalOT A. A. CMllp-
HOB (1945) II AMHCOH (Addison, 1945).
,lJ,pyrHMH CJIOBaMH, 1.JYBCTBHTeJIbHbIC OKOH1.JaBH5I KapOTII,lI,Horo
clIHyca no cBoeMY crpoeBIIIo II no cy6CTpaTY, 13 KOTOpOM OHII pac-
nOJIO}l{eUb!, II1(lIC:\1 He OTJlIIqmOTCH OT TaKOBblX :JKC, paCnOJImKeHHblX
13 6e3MblLllCIIllbiX yqaCTK3X 11yrll aopTbl II 13 OCIIOBaHIIII OTXOA5JmIlX
OT Aym aopTbl KpynHblx COCY,lI,OB.
TaI{[Ie }l{e 6e3i\1bILlle'lHbIC IIJIII ooeAHeHHble MblLllHaMH YLJaC1'KH
paCnOJIO)KClIbl 13 OCHOBaHlI5JX II GOJIee KpynHblx, H OOJIee MeJIKIIX
apTepllH, O1'XOjlHmHX 01' rpYAHoii H 6plOLllHOii aopTbl (qpeBHOii,
6pbl}l{eeQHblX, nOLJeQlIblX, GpmlXIWJlbHblX, Me)j{pc6epHbIx). Do Bcex
3TIIX YQacTIwx JIe}l{a1' TaKIIe :JKC, KaK II B oe3:\lbILllel(HbIX YLJaCTKaX
B ,lI,yre aopTbl II 13 KapOTp.,lI,HOM cllHyce, QyscTBl11'eJIbHble OKOH'1aHII5I
B BIf,lI,e ryc1'b!X KYCTIlKOB c KOpOTKIIl\1H neTBHl\1H, YBE'U1.JaHHbIMH KOH-
IJ.eBbIMIf KOJI, elJKal\U1 neTeJIbl<aMIf H nJIaCTIIHKaMH.
Y}I{e ynO;\I5JHYTble pa60Tbl LlaHHeJIOnOJIY C COTpY,'J,HHKaMH (1927),
o6HapY}l{I1BLlll1X pecpJIeKCOrelIHYlo 30BY 13 06JIaCTIf Ha l 13JIa JIIlIJ,cBoii
apTcplfIl, H 11. II. <Pe,lI,OpOBa (1947), yK33aBLllero Ha HaJIi1lllle pe.p-
JIeKCOreUBblX 30H 13 MeCTe ,lI,eJIeHH5I OpIOLllHOH' aopTbl H 13 ,lI,pymx
YQaCTKaX COCY,lI,OB 3a,lI,HeH nOJIOBHHbl TeJIa Ha pa3Hblx pacCTOHHH5IX
OT cep,lI,IJ,a, CBI1,lI,CTe,lbcTBYIOT, nOBII,lI,IIMOMY, 0 LllllpOKOM pacnpoCTpa-
HeHl11l nOJI.06HOrO pO,lI,a MexaHIl3MOB no Bceii CIfCTeMe Marl1CTpaJIbHblX
ap1'epHiL
B rJIaBe «vh-lHepBaIJ,H5I OOJIbLllHX COCY,lI,OB rpY,lI,HOH nOJIOCTH»
npHBeJI.eHbI ,lI,aHHble no 1.JYBcTBliTeJIbHOU HHHepBauIfH npI1Cep,lI,e1.JHbIX
QaCTeH JIerO'lHOH H nOJIblX BeH. IhY 1 leHI1e penenTopOB 3TH X COCY,lI,OB
nOK33bIBaeT, 1.JTO OHH npe,lI,craBJI5JlOT c060ii ,lI,pCBOBIl,lI,Hble IlJIH KYCTO-
BH,lI,HbIe OKOHQaHHH pa3Hooopa3HoH neJIHLJHHbI C rycTblMI1 BeTB5IMH,
3aKaHQHBaI0Ll1.1Il\1HC5I KOJIe 1 IKal\1H H neTeJIbK'aMH, 1.JaCTO cOnpOBO}l{,lI,ae-
MblMH BcnOMOraTeJIbHblMH KJIeTKaMH. 9TH OKOH1.JaHH5I pacnOJIO}l{eHbl
BCer,lI,a 13 CoeJI.IIHHTE'.ilbHOTKaHHbIX Y1.JaCTKaX BeH, HHOrjla HenOCpe,lI,-
CTBeHHO no,lI, 3H,lI,OTeJIlIeM.
BHeLllHHH BH,lI, 3THX pcuenTopOB, HX pacnOJIO}l{eHHe 13 Coe,lI,HHH1'eJIb-
HOH TKaHIl H OTCYTCTBHe CB5J3H C MblIlle1IHblMH 3JIeMeHTaMH BeH03HbiX
COCY,lI,OB 1.Jpe3BbIQaUHO pO,lI,H5IT HX C peu.emopaMH, pacnOJIO}l{eHHblMH
17 T. A. rpllropbeBa 257
B 6e3MbllJJeqHblX y'JaCTIWX MamCTpaJIbHblX apTepHH. npOHCXO}j{ e-
HHe 01' TOJICTblX l\UIKOTHblX 130JIOhOH nO lJepKHBaeT 3TO pOJ(CTBO.
H3 ,'I.aHHbIX E. A. LLoJIro-Ca6YPoBa (1947 - 1953), B. _f\\. f"O,'I.H-
HOBa (1946 - 1949) H HaUIIIX, npl1Be;lCHHblX BbllJJe, cJIe,J.YeT, qTO
nOJIble BeHbl Ha BceM CBoeM npoTfI}j{cHIIII II Bce BeHbl 130pOHIOH CH-
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BH,'l qYl3cTBHTe,,1bHb l X OI<OH1JallHii B CTcm<ax KpOl3eHOCHbIX cocY.lI.OB
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pa apTepHH. TaK, OHH npe cTaB.TJeHbl OCTaTO'IHO MOW.HbIMH HepBHbl-
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peHHel1 COHHOii apTeplill - B KapOTHJ(HOM cIIH)"ce, B OCHOBaHmf
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258
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hamlJlJl5lpOB II IW1JaJlbHblX Belly.a, T. e. cOCY,'10B, npHHII!\JaIOll1.I1X
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rpbIBaIOlli.lleCH npll npOTelwmHf 06:\leHHb1X peaKIUlii !\Ie)l{,'{y I,POBbIO
H napeHXIIMOli oprmw.
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C1JIITaJollleli, 1JTO xe"lope1lcn ropbl paCnOJIOf!<ellbl B tunica intima
nopTbI II 06pmlleHbI B ee npocBeT. Co CTOpOHbl nOJIOCTI1 aopTbl KpOBb
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B aopTe, KaK II I3C3; e, CB5I3aHbJ C KamlJlJmpaMH ee CTeHKII.
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pHBaTb I\aK npOIl3130J].I10e TKalleBoii CIICTCMbl I3I1YTpelIHeii cpe.'1bl
(A. A. 3aBap311H, 1947) II 1JTO pblXJlan coeJ].IIIIHTeJlbHaH T1WHb co-
npOBO)l{J].aeT COCY bl no BceMY IIX XO Y. I10 OTHoweHIlIO K KanHJIJlH-
paM Ha,'{o ocofieHllO nOJ].1JepKIlYTb, 1JTO OHII BcerJ].a pacnOJIarmOTCH
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o TOM, 1JTO IG1nIWJl5IpHblH cocy 51BJl5IeTC5I lleOTl>eM.IJe!\IOH tJaCTblO
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paKTepH3YI01ll1J x BIJ YTpeHlII1 ii 06MeH.
B nOJlb3Y 1 <1I\Oro npeJ CTaBJlellll51 rOBopHT MHoro1JIICJleHHbIe
H36.IJIOAeHHH A. A. 3aBap311Ha (1947) OTHOCHTeJlbHO 3BOJIIOIllIOHHoro
260
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JJeii JJl1lI1b BnOCJJeJ].CTBI1I-1 nOJJY1II-IJJU CnCr!lIaJJbHYIO BblCTlIJIKY 1-13 3H-
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3a npIIHaJ].JJe}KHOCTb 3HJ].OTeJJlla:lbHOH KJJeTKI1 K KJJeTO'iHbIM
3JJeMeHT3M TpocpHlJeCIZOH coeJJ.muneJlbHOii TKaHl,r rOBopHT H HCCJJeJ].O-
BaHI-IH C. 11. lUeJIKYHOB3 (1936a, 6; 1937), H36JJIoJ].3Bwero B MHoro-
lJHCJJeHHbIX 3KcnepHMellT3x HOBOo6p330Bmme K3nl-lJJJJ5IpOB H3 co-
eJ].I-IHHTeJJbHOTK3HHbIX I,JJeTOK tPu6pOOJJaCTHlJeCKOrO pHJ].a.
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1951), Kor.u.3 OH npUBO}]JIT CBOII H36JJIoJ].eHI1H 0 HOBo06pa30BaHI-IH
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KI1, 113 KOTOpblX 06pa3yeTC5I H MI-IKpOrJJI-IH.
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TOpbIii, H3Y 1 IJIB 3H OTeJJHii K3mlJIJJ5IpOB B p33HbIX opraH3x, npHWeJI
K BbIBOJJ.Y, lJTO OH lleO,TJ,1I0pOJ].eH H 01' JJUlJ3erC5I UeJJblM pHJJ.OM UI-ITO-
cpl-l3HOJJOfHlJeCKI1X oc06emmcreH.
11, H3KOHeu, B nOJJb3Y npmWJ].JJe)KHOCTH 3HJ].OTeJJl-laJJbHbIX KJJe-
TOK K3rnIJIJJ5IpHOii CH'IlKIi K 3JJeMeHT3M OKpY)KalOw.efi I-IX TIWHH
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HOCTHMI1 peTHI,YJI51pHbIX KJJeTOK.
Bce 3TO rOBOpl1T 0 TOM, lJTO K3nHJJJJ5Ip He eCTb cocYJ]. sui generis,
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KOTopbIe r. <1>. BBaHoB (1945) H33bIB3eT reMopeuemopaMH, HBJJH-
261
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HX 13 HenocpeCTBeHlloii 6JIII30CTil K KafllIJIJIS1paM (pIlC. 51, 53, 54,
56, 62, 63 Ii 64).
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UHOHa.1LlIoe 3Ha'-IeilliC 3f11X cTpYK'ryp. Hcco:\meHHo, OIIII S1BJ1H10TCH
OJI.HOl3peMeHHo II TK3HC13LIMII peltcnTOp::Jl\/H, TaK K3K BocnpllHHMaloT
Te pa3JI.pmKeIlH5I, KOTopLle D03HIII\aIOT 13 Mecre B38I1MoJ].eiicTI3I1H KpOBU
H OK PY}l{8lOll1.eii COCYJ]. TKaJ/II.
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6JIH30CTH 1-:' KafllIJIJISlpHbli\1 cocy,taM, S/BJISIIOTCSl COCYJ].lIcTo-T"aHeBbIMIi,
BocnpIIIIIIMaJOUl.IIMII pa3JI.p<I}I{eHIIS1 OT MHorooopa311blx peaKIu!ii, 1303-
HI-II{aJOlltIlX n npollccce 06i\!eHa DCll1.eCTD MC}I{J].Y KpOI3bIO Il napeHXIi-
Moii OpraHOI3. Y.aCTb 3TIIX peUCnTupOI3 SlBJIS1eTCS1 llaCTOHlltl-ll\1II XC:\IO-
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MOraTCJIbHblX IUIeTO", BXOJl5l11tllX D II11TII1\1IIL/ll KOIiTaKT C pa3BeTBJIe-
HI-IHMll IIcpBIIoro DOJIOKlJa.
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OTBeTCTBellllbl 3a pefllCTpmUIIO XIIMlltleCKI-IX CJ].l3IlrOB B opralll13Me,
a peuenTopbl, p3CIIOJImKCHHblC I3 MeCTax, r e 3TH C B1If11 npoll-
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HOro PYCJIa 130 BCCX opraH3X, npl-l'le:\! CJIO}l{lI0CTb 3Ta Bblpa}l{aeTCH
He TOJIblW 13 MHOrO'IIICJleHHOCTIl KOHUCl3blX BCTseH HepBHoro BOJIOKila,
06pa3YIOll1.ero peuemop, 110 Ii 13 Ha.rnl'-IIIII ,'1.0nOJIHI1TCJlbllbIX CTPYKTYP
B BI-IJ].e BCnOl\lOraTeJIbHblX KJleTOK III{anCYJI. 003TOMY HeJIb3H YTBep}l{-
J\aTb, '-ITO MHOrOBeTBI-ICTblH peuemop KamlJIJISlpHOii OO.TIaCTII M03-
rOBoii 060JIOlJKII IlJIII cep,1ua SlBJIHeTCS1 60JIec C.'10}l\HbIM, tlC:'\! IIHKan-
cyJIl-lpOB3Hiloe Ol\OHlJaHIIC B KamlJ1JIHpC CYCTasHoii CYMKH WIn
B J].Pyroii KaIwii-JIl-I60 06JI3CTII. B 3TO:V! OTHOlllellllH HeJIb351 CorJIa-
CI-ITbCH C E. K. OJIetlKonoii (194813) 13 TOM, 'ITO nepllljJepJ-llICCKHe COCyJ\bl
(apTepllo:lbl II Kanl-lJIJIHpbl) 60.1bwllIlcTBa opraHoB, Kpollie cep,'J.ua Ii
:\IHrKoii 1\I03rOBOH 060JIOt1KIl. cHa6}1{CHbi penenTopaMH npoCToro
nma. 3TO yTBep}l{J].eHlle OCHOBaHO H8 He,'1.0CTaTOlJilOM KOJIHlJeCTBC
cpaKToB. .llaHHble B. H. HJIblllloii (1948), A. O. MaCJIOBa (1950),
POCCIl (1950) If nplll3e,'1.eHHble HaMB 13 3TOii pa60Te, KaCalOlltileCH I-IH-
HepBalUUI opraHHblx cocy JI.OB H3J].nO'le t IHMI{a, 3peKTl-IJIbHblX opraHoB,
CYCTaBHblX CYMOI{, KO}l{IJ. HaJI.XpHll1.HIIUbl II ,'1.p., CBIIJleTe.lbCTBYIOT
o CJImKHOCTH cTpoeHIfH peuenTopoB nepmpeplllJeCl\l-lX COCYJ].OB He
TOJIbKO Cep.1l.U3 H MHrKoif M03rOBoii 060JIOt1KII, 110 II MHOfllX J\PYfllX
opraHOB.
62
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t:JTO COCYJ].HCTa51 CI1CTeMa CHaO}l{eHa llYBCTBllTeJIbHblMI1 OKOH ' .JaHI151MH,
KOTOpbIe BOCnpHHIIl\1aIOT HMnYJIbCbI OT BCeX q)aKTOpOB, CB5I3aHHbIX
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KpOBH, BKJIIOlIa5I TOHKYIO lirpy MbIWCllHblX 3JIeMCHTOB COCYJ].HCTOH
CTeHKH, Ii KOH'Ja51 MHorooopa311bIMI1 npOueCCaMH, CB5l3aHHbIMI1 C 00-
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J].aBJIeHH5I 11 MbIWelJHOrO TOHyca, JIe)j{aT B caMoii COCYJ].l1cToli CTeHKe:
nepBble - 13 Oe3MbIWe4HblX YlIaCTKaX, paCnOJIO)j{eHHbIX 13 Marl1-
CTpaJIbHblX COcy J].ax, BTopbIe-B lIenocpeJ].CTBeHHoii CB5I3H C MbIWelJ-
HbIMI1 3JIeMeHTallUJ 13 tunica media. PeuenTopbl, OTBeTCTBeHHbIe 3a
pemcTpauHIO 06MeHHblx peaKullii, BbIXOJ].HT 3a npeJ].eJlbl cOCYJ].lICTOH
CTeHKI1 H pacnOJIaralOTcH 13 MeCTax, rJ].e COCYJ]. H KpOBb c.riI1BaIOTC5I
C PbIXJlOH coeJ].HHI1TeJIbHOii TKaJlblO 13 CJJ:HIIYIO cl-!cTeMy Tpo4JnlJe-
CKoii TKaJ-II1.
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Kpl1TI14eCKI1 pa306paTb HeKoTopbIe TeopHH, TpaJ{TYIO He 4JI-!JIOreHe3
peuemopHbIx npl-!OOpOB cocYJ].OI3.
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(1929) 0 pe4JJIeKTOpHoM ynpaBJIeHl-!11 KpOB5IHbIM J].aBJIeHl-!eM H 0 Ha-
t:JaJIbHbIX annapaTax petPJIeKTOpHbIX MeXaHI13MOB J].JI5I 3Toro ynpaBJIe-
HH5I, npeJ].cTaBJIeHHbIX lJYBCTBI1TeJIbHblMI1 OKOHt:JaHI1HMH oJlY)j{J].alO-
w.ero II 513bIKOrJIOT04110ro HepBoB, pacnOJIO)l{eHHbIX 13 JJ:yre aopTbI,
B MeCTax OTXO)j{JJ:eHI151 ee KpynHbIx BeTBeli (6e3bIM5IHHOH H nOJ].KJIlO-
lJI14HblX apTepHH) H 13 OOJIaCTI-! KapOTl1J].Horo clmyca. BblCOKYIO lJYB-
CTBI1TeJIbHOCTb 3TIIX Y4aCTKOB KpOB5IHOrO PycJIa Kox CB5I3aJl C HX
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4TO npCCCOpellenTOpbl COCYJJ.OB pacnOJIO)l{eHbI 13 Tex OTpe3Kax apTe-
pl1ii, KOTOpbJe B03HHKJIlI II3 )j{a6epubIx, IIrpalOillHx CTOJIb Ba)j{HYIO
pOJIb 13 )j{1-!3HII BOJ].HbIX )KHBOTHbIX.
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Ha Ha MHOruX npHMcpax. Y.YBcTBHTeJlbHble OKOH4aHI151, Bocnpmm-
MalOLUl1e pa3J].pmKeHH5I 01' J].aBJICHH5I KpOBl-!, UlIfpOKO npeJ].CTaBJleHbl
He TOJIbKO 13 apTepII5IX, HO II 13 BeHax, II He TOJIbKO B npHcepJ].e4HbIX
HX t:JaCTHX, HO II no BceMY XOJJ:Y MamCTpaJlbHblX COCYJ].OB.
31'0 06CTOHTeJIbCTBO 51BJIHCTCH oJ].HoBpeMeHHo onpoSep)l{eHl1eM l!
TeOplll-i Koxa (1931), OrpaHJIlIlIBaJoillero cnocuoHocTb cOCYJ].I1CTOH
CHCTeMbI peampoBaTb Ha paCT5I)KeHHe TOJIbKO Y'IaCTKaMH, CB5I3aH-
HbIMH C )j{aoepHblMII cocYJJ:aMII.
TeopH5I Koxa (1931) 6bIJIa pacnpoCTpaHeHa HCKOTOpblMII HCCJIe-
JJ.OBaTeJI5IMI1 II Ha OOJIaCTb XIIMl-!lJeCKOii 4YBcTBIITeJIbliOCTII KpoBeHoc-
HbIX COCYJJ.OB. CHa4aJla MaprnaJlJI H P03eH4JeJIJ]. (Marshall a.
Rosenfeld, 1936), a 3aTeM KOMpoe H lllMIIJ].T (1938), lllMHJ].T (1938)
II lllMII.lJ:T II KOMpoe (IY4U) npl1WJIH K 3aKJIl04eHI-!IO, KaK H XeHMaHc
(1933) co CBOIiMI-! COTpYJ].HHlWMI1 I-! noc.'leJ].OBaTeJl5lMH, lJTO KapOTI-!J].-
Hble I-! aOpTaJlbHbIe TeJIa 51BJI5II0TC5I OOJlaCT5IMII cocY J].OB, r J].e cocpeJJ.o-
T04eHa IIX cnoc06HoCTb K XIIMII4eCKHM BOCnpl-!51TII5IM. DOBTOp5l51
263
KOHu.emUHO Koxa (1931) II J].onOJIH5I5I ee J].aHllblMIl 50iiJJ:a (1937),
OHH C'IllTaIOT, LITO II XI1MII'IeCKa51 LJYI3CTI3IlTeJIbHOCTb COcy J].OI3 COCpCJ].O-
TO'leHa 13 Tex Y'laCTK<JX COCYJ].lIcToii CIlCTer..lbl, KOTopble npOlI30WJIlI OT
)Ka6epHblX ,1Yr. 3;J.eCb, no I1X MlleHlIIo, 13 COCYJWX 3aJIOmeHbl «rJIO-
MYCHble» 06pa30BaIIll5I, B03HliKlllile 113 Tex :iKe, IWK II car..m )!{a6ep-
Hble J].yrH, Me30J].epl\1aJIbHbIX' 3<J L IaTKOB.
3Ta KOHu.enu.lI51 Koxa (1931) II KOMpoe H lllMIIJ].Ta (1938) npH-
3HaeTC5I M. r. ,l.LypMlIlllbHHOM (1939), A. A. CrvIIJpHOBbIl'v1 (1945),
5. ,l.L. KpaB'IHHCKIIM (1945a, 6) H C. B. AHIi'lKOBbIM (1952). Oml
TaK)Ke C'IIITaJOT, 'ITO BbiCOKoJ].lI4JepeHlllIpoBaHHble 13 OTHOllleHIIH 6apo-
H xeMopellemUIl1 06JIaCTII pacnOJIO>l\eHbl 13 J].yre aopTbl H 13 KapOTlIJ].-
HOM cHHyce He CJIY'laHno. J,'!x JIOKaJIlI3alUIH CB5I3ana C leI\l, 'ITO II COH-
Ha51 apTepHSI. II J].yra aopTbl 51BJISlIOTC5I ;J.eplIBaTaMII >l<a6epHblX apTe-
pHil, a 3TH nOCJIeJ].II1le npH )Ka6epllOM Time J].bIxaHH5I HaXOJ].HTCH 13
OC06bIX YCJIOBH5IX OKpY>I<aJOilleii HX BHewHeH cpeJ].bl II 51BJI5IlOTC5I
n03TOMY HaH60JIee J].1I epeHlulpOBaHHhIMII B OTHOllleHl1II cBoeii 'IYB-
CTBHTeJIbHOCTil.
KOHllenllII5I Koxa II KOMpoe II lllMII;J.Ta npOCKaJIb3bIBaeT y
K. X. KeK'IeeBa (1946) 13 ero TpaKToBKe BonpocoR XHMH'ICCKOli
qYBCTBlfTeJIbHOCTII COCYJ].HCTOii CTeHKII. On paBHblM 06pa30M HCXO;.(IIT
H3 nOJIO>l<enlI5I, 'ITO IIMeHHO 13 >l<a6pax CIIJlblIeC Bcero Bblpa)!{eHa pe-
u.enllIlH XHMII'IeCKIIX 1-13MeHeHilii BHelllHcii cpe;J.bl-BoJ].bl, H n03Tm.1Y
aopTa..'IbHble II KapoTIIJ].Hble Xel\lOpeu.enTopHble 30llbl, KOTopble pa3BIi-
JIHCb 113 Me30,'{epMhl, OI<PY>I<3IOIlleii 'IeTBepTYIO II TpeTblO }1\a6eplIhle
apTepHH, 06JIaJ].aJOT HaH60JIhllleii 'IYBCTBIITCJIbHOCTUO no cpaBHcHI.no
c .nPYrIlMH, pacnOJIO)!{eHHhIMH, HanpllMcp, B CeJIC3CHO'lHhIX II npoLiIlx
cocy.n ax .
KOHllemuuo Koxa, npH3HaBaSI ee nJIo.nOTBOpIlOll, nponaraJIJ].I1-
pyeT B. H. Y:epHHroBcKliii (1947). OpHBO.nSl 13 IW'ICCTBe ,aOKa3a-
TeJIbCTB J].aHHhle J1yTu.a II YHI\IelIa (Lutz a. Wymcn, 1932a, b),
HpBHHra, COJIaJua II Co.'wH.na (Irving, Soland a. Soland, 1935)
H 5. ,l.L. KpaB'IHHcKoro (1!J45a, 6), C'IIITaJOIllIlX, 'ITO B >lW6epHbIX
cocy.nax BOJ].HO)1bIW<JIllIlX }KIIBOTllbIX IIMl'IOTC5I npeccopCllenTopbl H
xeMOpeu.enTophl, B. H. Y:cpHllrOBCKllii YTBCp>l\)1aeT, 'ITO peqJJlcKco-
reHHble 30nbl aopThl, KapOTII)1l1hIX CHHYCOB II JIerO'lHbIX apTepIlii
SlBJIHIOTC5I .n:aJIbHeiiweii CTyneHLIO pa3BIITII5I )Ka6epHblX cocy.n:OB II
HX HepBHblX annapaTOB.
B. H. Y:epHHroBcKllii (1947) CLIHTaeT, 'ITO y BO.nIIO..'lbllllallJ.IIX
)KHBOTHhIX )Ka6epHblc COCy.nbl npeJ].cTaBJI5IlOT cc60ii C,J,I1HCTBl'IIHpO
06JIaCTb TCJIa, KOTopan cOXpaHIIJI<J CllJ.e ncnOCpelJ.CTBCHllblii KOHTaKT
c BHelllHcii cpeAoH. 003TOMY 3.neCb II B0311I1KJIa BbICOI<351 LJYBcnm-
TeJIbHOCTb K HCJ].ocTaTl<y IUlCJIOpo.na II II36hITKY yrJIeKIICJIOThl.
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)Ka6epHhlx apTcpIlii 3BOJIIOllHOHIIp0I3<JJIH, o.nHaJm COXpaIIlIJIII Te oco-
6eHHocTH, KOTOrblC OHH npH06pcJIII, COXpaIlH5I .nOJILWe, LJeM .np)'rIIe,
CB5I3b C BHcwHeii cpe.n:oii (B. H. 4CpHilroBCKIIii, 1947).
3TY me TO'lKY 3pCIIII5I B. H. qcpHHroBcKIIii pa3BIIBaeT H B cBoeii
pa60Te B 1949 r. K Heii npHcoe.n:I1ImeTC5I II X. C. KOWT05lHU. (1950).
264
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HblM KOJIl1l.JeCTBOM XOpOllIO npOaHaJIII311pOBaHHblX cpaKTOB.
CKa3alIHoe BnOJIHe npIl:llelIII:l1O K TeOpeTHl.JeCKIIM 0606w.eHII5IM
Koxa (1931) 11 KOMpoe II IIhm;na (1938) OTHOCIITeJIbHO 06YCJIOBJIeH-
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COB IIX )J{a6epHblM npOIlCXO}l{J].CHHeM, a paBHO II I< BbIBOJ].Y JIYTua 11
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ua aMcpl1611li (Necturus maculinus) npii pa3J].pa)J{eHI1I1 )J{a6ep npeJ].-
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JIeKCa MJIeKOnI1TaJow.IIX.
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pa3BIITblM I1HHepBaUIIOllllblM annapaTO!\f. 3a 3TO B nepBYIO OI.JepeJ].b
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CTeMbl, npIlHHBllICii Ha cc651 (I)YHKUIlIO BblCllIcro mITerpHpOBaHI151
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nOJIH5lI0TC5I )J{a6epllblM annapaTOM II l3b1nOJIHeHlle KOTOpblX Tpe6yeT
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3Toro annapaTa-cOKpaw.CHlI5I CKe.leTllbIX MblllILI., KpOBeHanOJIHeHI15I
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l3a)J{HblC, KaK BblllC'JIHTeJII,H<151, KOTOpYIO opraHII3M IfCnOJIb3yeT He
TOJIbKO 13 UeJI5IX 1136aB.'lellll51 ce651 OT 1IC'IIY}I<I1bIX npOJ].YKTOB, HO II
J].JI5I onpeCIICHlI5I I3I1YTpeHlldi Cpellbl opralU13Ma. 13bIJ].eJI5I5I MOI.JeI3lIHY,
HaTpHii, I<aJIIIII, XJIOp II ..'1pYrHe BClI1.eCTBa, )J{a6epHblif annapaT
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)1\HJ].KOCTeii opraHlI3:\ta.
TaKoe CJIO)J{HOC II MHoro06pa3Hoe cpYHKLl.IfOHllpOl3aHIIe Tpe6yeT,
KpOMe COOTBeTCTl3elIIIOrO TIWHCBoro conal3a )Ka6epI-loro annapaTa,
11 06eCneqeHIIH lIepl3IlblMII Mexaml3MaMII ero 3JIeMeHTOB. 13 nepBYIO
Oqepe)l.b J].OJI}lma 6bITb npe)l.CTal3JIeHa aqxlJPpeHTlIa51 HHllepBaUIf51 )J{a-
6epHoro 3nl1TeJIIISl, CTeHOK }I{a6CpllblX COCY)l.OI3 11 CKeJIeTlIblX MblllIU,
npIlHIIMaIOw.HX Yl.JaCTlie 13 pa60Te )lw6ep.
Do OTHOllIeHIIIO XIIl\1IfqecKoii 'IYBCTI3I1TCJILHOCTII )J{a6epHoii 06JIa-
CTlI K 113:\If'HeHIIHM I3 OKpY)J{aJOw.ell cpeJ].e OqeHb IIHTepeCHbl J].aHHble,
nplfBOJ].lI\lble DeTe (Bcthe, 1903) liE. K. CennoM (1949). OKa3b1BaCT-
C5I, I.JTO OCIIOBHYIO pOJIb B 1<OIITpOJIllpOBamm COCTaBa BO)l.bl Y pu6
IIrpaeT lie )J{a6epllaSl 06JIaCTb, a pOTOBa51 nOJIOCTL, rJIOTKa, KO)J{a
rOJIOBbl II KO)J{a TYJIOI31Iw.a BnJIOTL )1.0 caMoH XBOCTOBOj:'! ero 'IaCTI1.
KOJIII'ICCTBO BKYCOl3blX noqCI<, BbInOJIH5lI0lI1.HX (PYHI<Ll.mO XeMOpeLl.en-
TOpOB, B )J{a6pax HH'ITO)J{HO no cpaBHelIlIIo C IWJIH'IeCTBOM HX 13 J].PY-
rl1x 06JIaCT5IX TeJIa. C 3Tm1 cor.lacYloTcH II J].aHHble DOIIJ].a (1937),
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265
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B 06JIaCTU 60KOBOii JIIIHI-lI-I-roBOp5lT PC3YJIbTaTbIIfCCJIeJ].OBaHUii noy-
epca (Powers, 1941) If noycpca If KJIapK3 (1942). 3TH 3BTOpbl, ne-
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Ha OTJ].CJIbI, pacnpeJJ.CJIHIOLU,lIe KpOBb, T. e. M3rllCTpaJIbHbIe, II oTJ].eJIbI,
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'266
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267
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II3 a. coeliaca.
llpyrnMII CJIOBa!\UI, )j{a6pbl lie HBJIHIOTC5I eJJ.IIHCTBeHHbl:\lII opra-
HaMIi JJ.blxaHIlH. D03TOMY Ii n<aGepHble apH pHII 13 OTHOIUCHIIII CBoero
06llleHliH C BHelllHeii cpeJJ.oii lie OTJIJil1310TCH OT TCX apTepHii, KOTopble
yqaCTBYloT B ra3006MeHe, oCYlllecTBJI5IlOlllCMCH 13 JJ.Pyrnx opraHax-
B Klillle1lIlIlKC II nJIaBaTeJIbHOM nY3blpe. .3TO 06CT051TCJIbCTBO JlIIlllaeT
)!\a6epIlbie COCYJJ.bl npHnliCbll3aCMOii HM I1CKJIIOLJIITCJlbHOCTII 13 OTHO-
llIeHIHI IIX peaKTHBHoCTH, B031I11Kllleii 13 CB513H C JJ.bIXaTeJIbHbIM aKroM,
B KOTOpOM OHII npIlIlIIM310T Y1IaCTlle. TaKa51 >Ke BblCOKaH pe3KTHB
HOCTb .l1.0JI>KHa B03HHKHYTb Ii 13 COCYJJ.ax CIICTe;\lbl a. cocliac3, TaK KaK
269
OlIa TaK}!(e 51BJI5IeTC5I KOMnOIll'IlTOM CTPYKTYP, 06ecnC'IIIBaJorn.HX
}].bIXaTl:'JILHYIO <PYHKlUHO.
K 3TOMY lJa}].O }].06aBllTb, 'ITO ImWC'lIIoe }].b1XaHIIC Y u.eJIoro pH}].a
pbl6 HMeeT ropa3}].0 60JILWCC 3H3'ICHlIC, 'ICM }/<a6cplloe, T. e. a. coe-
liaca npllHIII\1aeT ropa3}].0 60JILWCe Y'JaCTlIe 13 ra3006MellHbiX npou.ec-
cax, lJeM }!(a6epHLle apTcplllL
OTCIO}].3 BblTCKaeT TOJILKO O}].HU BLInO,'),: TeOplI5I Koxa (1931) npe}].-
CTaBJIHeT c060ii o606rn.e1lHe, PYW3rn.CCC5I IIplI nepBoM }!(e conpllKocHO-
BeHHH C cp3KTaMII.
DpH no}].xo}].e K 3TOMY }!(e Bonpocy C HCCKOJILKO ftpyroif CTOpOHbl
CHOBa 06Hapy}/UmaeTCH HeCOCT05ITC"lLIIOCTL TCOpll1l Koxa (1931),
JIYTlJ.a H YlIMeH3 (1932a), KOMpoe If W III}].Ta (1938).
KaK H3BeCTHO, lJHCJIO }!(a6CpHb1X rn.cJIeii, a COOTBeTCTBeHHO II n<a-
6epllblx apTcpHa"lLHblX }].yr, pa3.;lltlIHO II Ko.'Ie6JleTC5I OT 5 }].o 14 y
pa3Hblx BII}].OB pbl6. Y "'IaHUE'TIlHKa HX 100.
113BecTHo Ta K}!(e , lJTO JIHWb lIe3Ha'lHTeJILllble oTpe31U1 COCY}].OB
}!(a6epHOro annapaTa BXO}].5IT 13 COCTal3 apTCpHaJILlloii CIfCTeMbl M.le-
KonHTalOrn.IfX. OCIIOBHa51 }!(e Macca }/\aGepllblx COCY,'I.OB B:\leCTe
C OCTa.1LHbl:v!H TKaHeBbl:\1H 3.'IeMCllraI\HI }!(a6epHblx rn.c.'IeH II ftyr
npl1IUIMaeT Y'IaCTlfe 13 06pa30BaHlIII 6apa6alllloii no.lOCTIf, eBCT3XJle-
BOH Tpy6bl, 6apa6amIOH ncpenoHKH, HapY}!(1I0ro CJIyxoBoro npoxoJi,a,
HH}!(lIeH lJeJIIOCTH, nO.ll.'bH3bI 1 1lI0i1 KOCTH, He611blX MlII-l,'].3.'IHIl II 6p3H-
XHaJIbHblX }!(eJIe3. TeoplfH Koxa Ill' MO}!(CT }].aTb OTBeT Ha Bonpoc,
lJTO CTaJIO C BblCOKOH Cneu.H<pH1ICCKOH 'lyncTBIITeJIbHOCTbIO COCY}].OB
3THX }!(a6epHblx OT}].eJIOB.
H, HaKoHell, eCJIII npOaHaJIll3Hp013aTb 130311HKHOBemIe H cY}].L6y
}!(a6epllblx apTepHaJIbHblX }].yr MJIl'KOmnaJorn.IIX }/UiBOTHblX, TO 06Ha-
PY}!(HTCsr, lJTO, 130-nepBblx, 3TII }].ynl IIII1Wr.D.a He pacn3.D.3IOTC5I Ha
KanHJIJI5Ipbl, T. e. Y HHX OTCYTCTBYCT OTpC30K, HaXOJI.Hrn.lliicH Y BOJI.-
HOJI.blwarn.HX }!(IIBOTHblX noJI. 1131160JILWIIM BJIlIHIIHeM BHeWHeii cpeJI.bl,
a BO-BTOPbIX, npH JI.aJIbIlClIWIIX npc06pa30BallllHX, KOTopble HaCTY-
nalOT OlJeHL 6blCTpO, JIHWb O'lellb He60JILWlle HX Y'IaCTKH B1{JII0'l3IOT-
C5I 13 KalJeCTBe HHrpeJI.HeHTOB 13 3pTCpH3JILHOe PYCJIO }!(IIBOTHoro.
TaK, TpeTL5I LKa6epuaH aopTaJ1LHa5I JI.yr3 npl'Bparn.aeTCH 13 MaJIeHb-
KHH YlJaCTOK 13 MeCTe CJIH5IHII5I u3py}!(uoii II BUYTpeHHeII COHHblX ap-
Tepm!, cyrn.eCTBYlorn.HX Ii npH }!(a6CpHOM KpOBo06parn.emIH, C 06rn.eH
COHHOH, 51BJI5Ilorn.eIIc51 OTpe3Km.1 6plOWIIOH aopTb\. H3 lJeTBepTOH }!(a-
6epHOH JI.Yru CJIeBa o6pa3yeTC5I .'IHWL Cpe.D.HHH lJaCTl: JI.yru aopTbl,
BOCXOjl,Hrn.aH H HHCXOJI.Hrn.aH '1aCTII KOTOpoii pa3BJlBalOTCH II3 BeHT-
paJIbHOii H JI.Op3aJIbHOH aopT }!(IIBOTHoro. .3Ta}!(e lJeTBepTaH }!(a6ep-
HaH .D.yra cnpaBa npeBparn.aCTCH B npclBYIO nOJI.KJIIO'IlIlJHYIO apTepHIO.
Oe3b1MHHHaH apTepIl5I pa3BIIBaeTC5I 3a C'IeT BeHTpaJIbHOH aopTb\.
WeCTaH }/{a6epHaH aOpTaJIbHaH JI.yra TOJILKO CJIeBa H.D.eT H3 nOCTpoe-
HHe 60TaJIJIOBa npOTOKa, cnpaBa OHa HalleJIO HClJe3aeT, KaK If 06e
nHTble .D.YrH.
113 3Toro aHaJIH3a CJIeJI.yeT, lJTO 60JIbWa5I lJaCTb nplfcep.D.e'lHbIX ap-
TepHH 60JIbWOrO Kpyra pa3BHB2eTCH He H3 }!(a6epHblX apTepHlI,
a 3a ClJeT KopHeH BeHTpaJILUOl! H'IH }].op3aJIbHOH aopTbl, H JIHWb OlJeHb
270
He3HalJIIH'JILHble YlJaCTIUI IIX (MCCTa paCna.ll.eHHH 06ll1.IIX COHHblX ap-
TepHH Ha HapY)j<HLle II BHYTpl'H1UH.', IlaCTb .II.Yfli aopTbl, npaBa5I nOk
hJllOlJlIlJHa5I apTepIlH) CO.ll.ep:>KaT OCTaTKH )jm6epHblX apTcpllii.
I1CXO,!!.H H3 TeopHII Koxa (1931), Ha.ll.O C'-IliTaTb, '-11'0 npaBaH H Jle-
BaH nO.ll.KJIIO'-lUIlHble apTepIaI ,!!.OJl)!{Hbl 06JIa,!!.aTb pa3JIlilJIIOH IIYB-
CTBllTeJlLHOCTLlO, T<II{ I<aK TOJILKO O.ll.Ha 113 HHX (npaBa51) B03HlIKJIa
3a ClJeT )j,;a6epHoii apTE'pIiH.
A6COJllOTHO He YKJIa.ll.bInaJOTCH 13 TeopIlIO I(oxa (1931) <}JaKTbl, l\a-
CalOllI.I1eC5I BblCOKOH II) BCTBIITeJlbllOCTII I( nOBblllll'1I110MY .II.a BJI ell II 10
npHCep.II.e'-lIlblX lJacTl'ii Bell - BepXllcii II BI!:>KHeii nOJIblX II JIerO'-lHbIX.
llaBHo YTBep)j(.II.aBllllle 31'0 (Im3110Jl0rHlJCCKIIe Ha6J110.ll.ell1i51 ceiilJac
nO).!KpenJIellbl MOpcpl'JIOflilJeCIOIMII cpaKTaM11. 3TH OT).!eJIbl BeH03HoH
CHCTeMbl CUJIa.ll.alOT MGllI.llblM pe)tenTopHbI:\1 3nnapaTOM, K TOMY }Ke
nOCTpoeHHblM lJpC3Bbl l wiiHO C}..OJ\IIO C TalWBblM, OTBeTCTBeIlHbl!V1 3a pe-
rIlCTpaUIIIO KpOB5IlIOro ,!!.aBJICHII5I 13 apTcpllHX.
O;l.HaKO Mbl TOIIIIO 31IaeM, lJTO )j\a6epllaH CHCTCMa COCY.II.OB He
UMeCT 1I111\aKoro OTIIOllleIIU5I K B031UIKHCBCHHIO II pa3BUTllIO BeH.
11, HaKOHeu, <}JaKTbl, K3C3KJllI.UCC5I IIYBCTBliTeoilLHOCTIi II pa3BH-
TIIH oI1erO'-lllOii apTcpllll, paBHblM 06r330;'v1 OTBeprmOT TeopHIO 1(0-
xa. J1erOlJlIa5I apTl'pllH pa313JlBaeTC5I Ill' 113 M3Tl'pll<lJIa :>Ka6epHblX
apTepliaollLHblX .II.)T, a nYTl'M npO.ll.o.JlbHoro pacllI.enJlelUlH npHcep-
,!!.elJHOII: IWCTlI aOpTbI. Ka3aJIOCb 6bl, ,!!.Ba cocy,!!.a, B03HIIKllllle U3 O.ll.HOro
II TOro }Kl' UCToIlHlIKa, .D.OmKI-lbl 06J1a).!3TL O.ll.IIIIaKOBOH '-IYBCTBHTeJIb-
HOCTblO II O).!IIIJaIWBO nOCTpoeHIIblMII peuenTopaMII. Me:>K.n.y TeM 3TO
BepHo TOJlI.IW no OTIIOIlIl'JllIIO K pc)tcnTOpa!\1, BocnplilUlMaJolll.HM
pa3'!!'p3>I\CIIII5I OT COKparlll'HHH MbIWC'-IHOii 060.JIOlJKII II H3MeHeHHH
TOHyca MblWCIlHblX KJICTOK. PcuenTopOB Me, OTl3eTCTBeHHblX 33 perH-
CTpaUJ!IO KpOBHlIoro .II.a13JleHI-I5I, TaKlIX, K<lK 13 aopTe, B Jlero'-lHoii ap-
Teplll1 HeT.
Bce 3TII {paKTbI II co06pa:>KeHHH, HaM K3>KeTC5I, .n.OCTaTOlJHbl,
I/T06bl nOKa3aTL HeCOCTOHTe.'1LHOCTb TeopHli Koxa, J1YTL1.a II YliMeHa
II KOMpoe II lllMII,'J,T3_ 3Ta HeCOCTOHTeJIbHOCTb 06YCJlOBJIeHa 13 nepBYIO
OlJepe,J.b TeM, lJTO 13 3Toii TCOpl!H CJlIIWKOM ynpOlll.eHHO H npHMHTIIBHO
npe:I.CTaBJIeHbl nYTU 3BOoll10UIIOHHblX npeBpall1.eHHii H COBepWeHHO He
YI!HTblB<leTCH nplIcnOC0611TCJlbllblii xapal\Tep 3BOJllOUHOHHblX npe-
06pa30BaHUH. OnpC.II.eJIellHble Y'-laCTKII COCY.ll.HCTOif CIICTeMbI npH06-
peJIIi cneul1cpl1lJCCKYIO lJYBCTBIITeJIbHOCTb Ill' nOTOMY, '-ITO OHII npo-
H30WJlI1 01' Toro IIJIII IIII0m OT.II.eJIa COCY.II.OB <}JIIJIOreHCTII'-IeCKIIX npe)J.-
KOB, a nOTOMY, '-11'0 IIX Bblpa60TallHaH 13 npouecce B3aHI\IO.n.eHCTBIiH
opraHH3Ma co Cpe.ll.OH npHcnoc06JICHIIOCTb K YCJIOBHHM CYllI.eCTBO-
BaHIiH II BblnOJlHHeMbJ:\1 CPYHKUHOHaJIbllblM 3a.n.a'-laM, HapH.n.y C npo-
'lJIIMII npIl3HaKaMI1, BKJIIO'-IaeT 1I onpe.n.eJIeHHblH ypCBeHb '-IYBCTBH-
TeJIbHOCTH, KOTOpblH Hcpa3pbIBHO CBH3aH C 06ll1.HM ypOBHeM pa3-
BHTlUI Bcero :>KIIBOTHOro C ero HepBHOl1: CHCTeMOH, cOCy.n.aMH II BceMIi
OCTaJlbHblMIi opraHaMIi. no OTHOWeIIUIO:>Ke K npe)J.CTaBJleHHHM
o xeMopeuenTopHOll CPYHKUHH aOpTaJIbHblX II KapOTH.II.HblX «fJIOMY-
COB» HY:>KHO elll.e pa3 nOBTopHTb Bce CKa3aHHoe no 3TOMY nOBO.n.y
B rJIaBe «0 naparaHrJlHHX H fJlOMycax».
271
KaK y}!(e neOAIIOKpaTHO YKa3bIBaJ10Cb, KO:'lpoe II W IIIJ].T (1938)
11 WMHJI.T H KOMpoe (1940), OUCY}!(JI.35I Bonpoc 0 cpYHlu.!.lIoHaJ1LHoM
3Ha'leHHH KapOTlI.'lHblX II aOpTaJILllblX TeJICU, npHcoe;J.IlIlIIJ1I1Cb K
Te l, KTO C'llnaeT 3TH 06pa3013aHHH CnelUla.TJbllblVIH OpraHmlll -xe:'l0-
peuenTOpaMH KpOBH. OJI.HOl3peMCHIIO 01\11 I3bICKa3aJIH TOlJKY 3peHHH,
3aKJIIOlJ3I0ll1.Y10 51 B ]",)\1. 'I ru IWII uellTpaUIIH CneUllaJlbHblX xC:\lOpe-
UenTOpHblX OprallOB B OUJI3CTII pa3BCTBJIeHIIH COHHblX apTCpllll II
.n.yrH aOpTbl 06bHCHHeTC5I TeM, 'ITO 3TH OT.lleJIbI apTepnaJIbllOii
CHCTeMbl MJIeKOnllT3IOll1.IIX B03HIIKJIII1I3 )[W6epHb1X apTepllH, KOTOpble
Y BOJI.H0JI.bIW a ll1.HX }!(HI30THbIX JI.OJILKllbl 6blJ\II 06JIaJI.aTb BblCOKOH
XIIMHlJeCKOH 'lYBCTBHTeJILHOCTLIO.
OJI.HaKO B 06JIaCTH )[W6epHb1X COCYJI.OB, B TeX IIX MeCTaX, r;J.e
OHH npeJI.CTaBJIeHbl K3mIJIJI5IpaMH, npIllIllM3IOI.UIIMH YlJaCTHe B 06-
MeHllblX npoueccax Me)[.;JI.Y KpOBLIO H BOJI.OH, «rJIO YCHaH» TKaHb
OTCYTCTBYeT.
1J.PYrHMII CJIOBaMII, }!(a6epHble COCY.llbl, KOTopble B OUJIaCTIi CBOllX
KanHJIJIHpOB, HeCOMHCHIIO, JI.OJI)[<Hbl 06JIaJI.aTL peuenTopaMII 06 lella,
B;!lJHCJIO KOTOpblX BXO.lI.HT H xeMopeuenTopbl, HH Ha O.lI.HOM CBoeM
YlJaCTKe He cHa6)[{eHbl «rJIOMYCHoi-b> TI{aII LIO.
Ha060pOT, Y pbl6 WHpOKO npeJ].CTaBJIeH3 Ta TKaHb, KOTOpaH Y
MJIeKOnHT3IOll1.HX lIenpaBIIJIbHO Ha313aHa «I' JIOMYCHOH» II no CYI.UeCTBY
HBJIHeTC5I xpOMacpcpHllHoii, I3bl.lleJI5II0I.UCrl aJI.peHaJIHII TK3Hbl0 H Bcer-
.lI.a reHeTH'leCKH H TonorpacplllJeCKII CBH3alla C Y3JIaMli CHMnaTII'leCKOll
HepBHOH cnCTe:\fbI. Y nCKOTopblX pblO (Cyclostoma) XpO:\f3cp<pHHHaH
naparaIlr.TIHOIlapllaH TKaHL oncpC)j{3eT pa31311THe CHMnaTH'leCKIiX
HepBHblX Y3JIOB (Nicol, 1952).
YLKe y aKYJI (5IHr, 1933) xpoMa(!xlmHHaH TKaliL T5IHeTCH BJI.OJIb
Bc ro TYJIOBHll.l3. Oc06eIlHo BCJIHKO ec KOJIJ1IIeCT130 Y caMUOB, Y KO-
TOpblX OHa, BCerJI.a OCT3Ba5ICb cerMCHTapHoii, 3aHII:\l3eT )l.aLKe 60"lb-
mylO qaCTb Me30Hecppoca. Y caMOK xpoMac!xlmHIIaH TKaHb npCJI.CTaB-
JIeHa He60JIbWHMH CIWnJICHIIHMH BOKpyr cerMeHTHblX apTepHii B6JIH-
3HJ HX OTXO)[{)l.eHIIH OT 30pTbl. CIf:\maTlIlJeCKlle Y3JIbl norpy}!(eHbI
B MaCCbl xpOMacpcpHIIHblX KJIeTOK.
KpaHHaJIbHble lJaCTH CKOnJIeHHii xpOMacpcpHHHoii TIGlIIn Y 3Tnx
>KHBOTHbiX pacnOJIO}!(eHbl B 06.1aCTH 3aJI.HCKapJI.llaJILIIoro ClfHyca,
cpa3Y C3aJI.H 6paHXHaJILHbIX apTepml, B6J1H311 MeCTa I1alJaJla a. coe-
liaca. 3TH CKOnJIeHIIH XpOMacJxPlIHHOrl TKaHH HOCHT Ha3BaHHe aKCIIJI-
JIHpHbIX TeJl. H 3JI.eCb XpOM3cJxPHHIIbIe KJleTKII, COJI.ep)[{all.lHe pa3Hble
KOJlH'leCTBa 6ypel0ll.lero OT xpoMa I3Cll.lcCTBa, pacnOJlO)[{eHbl B TeCHOM
cOCeJI.cTBe C HepBHblMH KJleTKaMII }KCJlYJI.OlJHbIX Y3J10B. AKCIIJlJlHp-
Hble TeJla, npeJI.CTaBJlHIOll1.lIe Y B3pOCJIblX 3KYJI CnJlOWHble MacCbl,
Y 3M6pHOHOB cerMeHTHpOBaHbl.
Ell1.e KpaHHaJlbHee Jle}!(HT MaJl HbKIIH cnMnaTHlJecKml raHrJlHH,
nOCblJIalOll.lIlH CBon nOCTraHr JlnOHapHbIe BOJlOKHa K 3cpcpepeHTllblM
>Ka6epHblM apTepll5IM. HHOrJI.a OKOJIO I1ero HMeeTC5I n MaJleHbKml YlJa-
CTOK XpOMacJxPHHHOH TK3H11.
o .lI.HHaMHKe pacnpeJI.e.rJeHHH xpo acJxPlIHHoif TKaHH y Xp5Ill.leBbIX
H KOCTHCTblX pbl6 roBOpHT r. <1:>. HBaHOB (1930) H HIiKOJIb (1952),
272
a B. l\\. 5IXOIITOB (1913a) YKa3bIBaeT Ha HcnpepbIBlIoe nOCTOS'lHCTBO
xpOMacpcpllHHbIX 06pa30BaJwii y n03BOIIOIIHbIX - OT Xp5IllI.CBbIX pbI6
)].0 lJeJIOBeKa.
TaKHM 06pa30M, 1I Y pbl6 XHMlJlICCKaS'l peaKUIIH 13 o6.nacTlI KpOBe-
HOCHblX COCYJ10B OCYllI.eCTB:IS'leTCH He «rJIOMYCIIOii» TKaHblO. PaBllbIM
06pa30M, KaK II Y MJleKODlnaIOIUlIX, Y HHX npC.Il.CTaBJIeHa xpOMacp-
<pHHHaS'l, aJ1peHaJIHHBbl.ll.CJIHIOlll.a5I TKaHb, KOTOpaS'l HeKOTOpbI!VIH aB-
TopaMH H pacueHHBaeTCS'I Y M:ICKODlITalOllJ,IfX KaK «rJIOMYCHaS'l»,
H3 KOTOpOH S'lK06bl nOCTpOCllbl CneUHaJILHble opraHbl- XCMopeuen-
TOpbI KpOBH. DpHMep xeMopeucnTOpHOH cpYIIKUHH n<a6epHblX COCY-
,'J,OB pbI6 H pacnpe.ll.eJIelIHH Y 3TIIX :>KIIBOTHbIX xpOMaqxpHHHOH
TKaHH nOKa3bIBal'T oc06eHHO OTlll'TJIlInO OlllllOOIIIlOCTb 3TOii KOH-
uenUHH.
HY:>KHO npo,!!.OJI:>KaTl, IICCJIe,J,OBaHUS'I 13 06.laCTIl COCY.II.I1CToii XCMO-
peuenUHH. Ho H npHBe,'J,eHllbIX ,!!.OKa3aTeJIbCTB .Il.OCTaTOIIHO, lJTOObl
OTKa3aTbCH OT TeopHii Koxa, JlYTna H YUMCHa, KOMpol' II lIlMII.Il.Ta,
lIlMH.II.Ta H KOMpoe 0 npHypOlfeUHOCTH XHMlIlJCCKOH IlyBcTBHreJIb-
HOCTlI COCY,!!.OB K opraHaM - «rJIOMycaM», pacnOJIO>l\eHHbI:'I OKOJIO
apTepHii :>Ka6epHoro npoucXO:>K,TJ:eIlH5I. CaMII :>KaOCpHbIC COCYllbl
y pbl6 II Y J1HIUlHOK aMcpllonii T3KUX opraHoB :lHllleHbI. XmIHlJeCKaS'l
qYBCTBllTeJILUOCTL COCY.II.OB nOBCeME'CTlla H CB5I3alla C HX KanIl.TIJIS'lp-
HblMH pa3BeTBJIellllS'lMIL TK3111, }I\C, KOTOpaS'l OlllIlOOlfllO npHHS'lTa 3a
«rJIOMycHYIO», lllHpOKO npe,!!.CTaBJIeHa 13 oprallH3Me y Bcex n03BO-
HOlJHblX :>KHBOTHbIX H S'lB.'IS'1eTCS'I xpOMacp(pmlHOH, a.II.peHaJIlIHBbl.II.eJIS'lIO-
Illeii naparallrJIHOHapHOH TKaHblo, reHeTHlJCCKH H TonorpacpHlfeCKH
CBS'l3aHHOH C Y3JIaMH aBTOHoMHOii HCpBHOii: CHCTeMbI.
Do OTHOllleHHIO K cOCY.II.HCTOi! IIYBCTBIITCJIbHOCTH IfHrepecHblM
S'lBJIHeTCS'I Bonpoc 0 COCYllHCTOii: 60JIH. YKa3aHHS'I Ha COCY.II.bI KaK
Ha nCXO,!!.Hoe MecTO OOJIeBblX OIll.YllI.eHHii: HCXO.ll.S'lT rJIaBHbIM oopa30M
OT xHpyproB. B pS'l.II.e pa60T npHBO.II.5ITCH .Il.OKa3areJlbCTBa 60JIe3HeH-
HOCTn cocY.II.OB, nOS'lBJIS'lIOlll.eii:c5I npu paCTH:>KeHlIH, .l1.aB.leHHII n npo-
KaJIbIBalIllH (Ritter, 1909; Brcslauer, 1921; O.II.epMaT, 1922; Bazett
a. M.c Glone, 1928; PCHCOH, 1933; A. H. rellMaHOBHlJ H H. 5.4H-
6YKMaxcp, 1938, Ruchmer, 1944).
B npHBe.ll.eHHbIx pa60Tax pClJb H.II.eT 0 OO.lblllHX cocY.II.ax, TaKHX,
KaK aprepHH H BCHbI :>Ke.rrY.II.Ka, KHlllOK, nelfeHH, nOlJeK, ce.rre3eHKH,
CaJIbHHKa, llI.UTOBll.'l.HOii )KeJIe3bI, a paBHo H TaKIIX, KaK KapOTH.iJ.HblH:
CHHYC II nOJIblC BClIbL
3TH <]:>aKTbl Ba:>KlIbl 13 TOM OTHOlUelll!ll, lJTO OHH C HeCOMHeHHOCTblO
,ZJ:OKa3bIBaJOT, HapS'l,TJ:Y C neJIbIM p5I,'J,OM .II.Pyrux, npHBO.l1.HMbIX
K- M. 5b1KOBbIM Hero COTpY.II.HHKaMH, lJTO UMeeTC5I npOIlUHpOBaHHe
COCT05IHHH COCY.Il.nCToii CTeHKn 13 KOpy rOJIOBHOrO M03ra, lJTO B CBOIO
OlJepe.ll.b .'IlIIUHHH: pa3 CBII.II.eTeJIbCTByeT 0 BblCllleH perYJIHpYlOllI.eH:
(H no OTHOllleHlIlO K COCY.II.HCTOii: cnCTCMe) <]:>YHKUHII KOpbI 60JIblllHX
nOJIYlllapHH:.
DOCJIellHHM BonpOCOM, KOTOpbIll Ha.ll.O pa306paTb 13 HaCTOHllI.eH
rJIaBe, S'lBJI5IeTCS'I Bonpoc 0 npOBO.II.S'lllI.HX nYTS'lX COCY.lI.HCTOH lJYBCTBH-
TeJIbHOCTH.
18 T. A. rpllropLcBa
273
B npe.n.bI.n.Yll1.HX rJlaBaX npHBe.n.eHbI aHaTOMHIleCKHe H 3KCnepHMeH-
TaJlbHbIe ,lJ.aHHbIe, KacalOll1.HeCH 6JIH}J<aHWHX HCTOlJHHKOB cOCy.n.HCTbIX
peuenTOpOB. 3TH ,!!.aHHbIe MO)KHO nO.n.KpenHTb pe3YJIbTaTaMH H 60JIee
CTapblX, H 60Jlee He.n.aBHHX Ha6JIIO,!!.eHHH. TaK, ell1.e 5I. A. Lle,!!.IOJlHR
(1865a, 1868) YCTaHOBHJI Henocpe.n.CTBeHHoe OTHoweHHe 'lYBCTBH-
TeJIbHblX HepBoB K COCTOHHHIO coCy.n.HCTOH CTeHKH - npH nepepe3Ke
HX OH BH,lJ.eJl napaJIHlJ cocy.n.oB. BnOCJle.n.cTBHH 3TO )Ke nOJlO)KeHHe
6bLTIO nO,lJ.TBep)K.n.eHo B .n.pyroM 3KcnepHMeHTe A. B. <POXTOM H B. JlHH-
)l.eMaHOM (1903). BBO.n.H MeJIKHe B3BeCH, 06pa3YIOll1.He 3M60Jlbl, B pa3-
BeTBJleHHHX JIerOlJHOH apTepHH nOCJIe npe,!!.BapHTeJlbHOH nepepe3KH
6J1Y)K.n.alOll1.ero HepBa, OHH OTMeTHJIH OTCYTCTBHe xapaKTepHoH peaK-
UHH B BH.n.e na.n.eHHH KpOBHHOro .n.aBJIeHHH, KoropaH nOCTOHHHO B03-
HHKaJIa npH 3M60JlH3HpOBaHlIH COCY)l.OB JIemoro npH coxpaHHoH HepB-
HOH CHCTeMe.
Ha 6JIY}J{)l.alOll1.HH HepB KaK Ha nYTb lJYBcTBHTeJlbHbIX HMnYJlbCOB
OT ne'leHOlJHOH H CeJle3eHOlJHOH apTepHH YKa3bIBa1OT,!!.e BHJI H BaH
JI.e BeJIb,!!.e (1933). 0 npoxmK,!!.eHHH B nepmj)epH'leCKHX HepBax lJYB-
CTBHTeJIbHblX BOJIOKOH COCY,!!.OB rOBopHT C. B. JleBawoB (1882),
XHpW (1926a), Myp H Myp (Moore a. Moore, 1932), Myp H CHHrmoH
(Singlton, 1933), PeHcoH (1933), E. K. DJIe'lKoBa (1948B),
T. A. fpHropbeBa (1948, 1949a), B. M. fO,!!.HHOB (19496) H
D. A. LloJIro-Ca6ypoB (1953).
TaKHM 06pa30M, B HaCTOHll1.ee BpeMH Bonpoc 0 npOXO/K.n.eHHH
lJYBCTBHTeJIbHbIX BOJ10KOH cocy.nOB B COCTaBe nepmpcpH'IecKHx CMe-
waHHbIX HepBoB Ha.n.o ClJHTaTh peweHHbIM B nOJIO)KHT€JIbHOM CMbICJle.
paBHO KaK H Bonpoc 0 npHHa.nJIe)KHOCTH 3THX BOJlOKOH K.'.IeTKaM
lJYBCTBHTeJ1bHbiX cnHIIHOM03rOBbIX HJ1H 'lepenHOM03rOBbIX Y3JIOB.
)l.eH,!!.pHTaMH KOTOpblX OHH 51BJI5IIOTCH. Bce MHOrOlJHCJIeHHbIe Ha6J11O-
,lJ.eHH5I H 3KcnC'pHMeHTbl (CM. rJIaBY «06 HHHepBaUHH MarHCTpaJIbHblX
COCY,!!.OB»), npoBe,!!.eHHbIe B ueJlHX pCWeHIHJ BonpocoB 0 clIcTeMHoH
npl1Ha,!!.JIe)KHOCTH cOCy.nHCTbIX lJYBCTBHTeJIbHbIX npH60poB, nOKa3bI-
BalOT, lJTO OHH HBJIHIOTCH KOHueBblMH pa3BeTBJICHHHMH HepBHbIX
BOJlOKOH - ncpHcpcpH'leCKHX OTpOCTKOB (.n.eH,!!.pHTOB) KJIeTOK
cnHHHOM03rOBblX HJIH lJepemlOM03rOBbiX Y3J10B. 06 3TOM )Ke CBH.n.e-
TeJlbcTBYIOT H .namlbIe 3M6pHOJlOrH'leCKHX HCCJIe,!!.oBaHHl1 (Ll. M. fo-
JIy6, 1949a, 6; O. T. DJIHcaH, 1949; T. B. LlopoHHHa, 1949).
Do OTHoweHHIO K KpynHblM cocy,!!.aM nOJIOCTeH H K cocy,!!.aM BHYT-
peHHHx opraHoB YCTaHOBJIeHO, lJTO HX 'IYBCTBHH'JIbHaH HHHepB8UlIH
paBHblM 06pa30M 06eCnC'lHBaeTCH HE'HpOHaMH cnHHHOM03rOBblX H lJe-
penHOM03rOBbIX Y3J10B. LleH,!!.pHThI KJIeTOK lJYBCTBHTeJlbHblX Y3JIOB
)l.OCTHraIOT COCY,!!.OB B 3THX CJlY'laHX no HepBaM, HHHepBHpYIOll1.HM
BHYTpeHHOCTH, KOTOpblC, KaK H HepSbI rOJI, OBbI TYJ10BHll1.a H KO-
HelJHOCTeH, Bcer.n.a HBJJHIOTCH CMewaHHbIMH.
TaK, co BpeMeH H. <P. ll,HoHa (1866) H3BeCTHO, lJTO lJYBCTBHTeJIb-
Hble BOJlOKHa OT ,!!.ynl aopTbI H,!!.YT B COCTaBe 6J1Y)J{,!!.alOll1.ero HepBa,
npe)l.CTaBJIHH OTpOCTKH KJIeTOK, Jle>Kall1.HX B ero 'lYBCTBHTeJIbHOM
Y3J1e (gang!. nodosum). fpy.nHaH aopTa nOJIYlJaeT aqxpepeHTHble BO-
JIOKHa OT KJleTOK gang!. nodosum n. vagi H cnHHHOM03rOBbIX Y3JIOB..
274
nplilJeM OTpOCTKIi nOCJIe,nHHX .nOCTHraIOT aOpTbl BMeCTe C BOJIOKHaMI1
cnMnamlleCKOH HepBHOH CHCTeMbI (T. A. fpHropbeBa, 1948).
5plOlilHaH aopTa paBHbIM 06pa30M cHa6maeTcH llYBcTBIITeJIbHblMH
npli60paMil 3a ClJeT cnHHHOM03rOBblX Y3JIOB, nOCbIJIalOlllliX CBOIi
.lI.eH.npliTbl K COCY.lI.aM BceH 6plOlilHOH nOJIOCTH no lJpeBHbIM Ii nOA-
B3.lI.OlllHblM HepBaM, a paBHo H no BceM HepBaM 6plOlllHbIX BHYTpeHHo-
CTeH (T. A. fpliropM'Ba, 1948). B KalJeCTBe npHMepa MomHO npliBecm
pa60TY H. $. HBaHoBa (1937), 13 KOTOpOH OH nOKa3bIBaeT, lJTO KJIy6-
KOBIi.nHble, HHKanCYJIHpOBaHHble lJYBCTBIITl'JIbHble OKOHlJaHHH 13 tu-
nica adventitia apTepHH MbIlllelJHOH CTeIIKII KlIlilellHlIKa 06pa30BaHbL
TOJICTblMH MS'lKOTHbIMIi BOJIOKHaMII, .lI.OCTlIr310111HMII KlIlllelJHOIl CTeH-
Kli no nn. intestinales.
COCY.lI.bl opraHoB nOJIYlJaJOT lJyBCTBllTeJlbllbIe HepBbI 01' Tex }Ke
CMelllaHHblX HepBoB, KoropbIe IIHllepBlIpYIOT 3TlI OpraHbl. Eho oco-
6eHHo .lI.eMOHCTpaTl1BHO nOKa331I0 13 OTHOlilCHIUI ccp.nua 13 pa60Tax
E. K. DJIelJKOBOH (1944, 1948a) II H. A. llepl3onoH (1950). B 3TliX
pa60Tax He TOJJLKO ,!!.OKa3aHa npllpo,!!.a lIYBCTI3IITl'JIblibIX HepBOB KO-
pOHapHblX cocy.nOB, HO II npOCJIt'}Keli XO.n II IICTOlJlIlIKlIliX aqxpepeHT-
HblX BOJIOKOH, KOTOpbIl' npe,!!.CTaBJICHbI OTpOCTKaMIi KJIeTOK, JlemalllllX
13 gang!. nodosum 11. vagi II 13 HII}KHe-llleiillbIx, II B BepxHe-rpy.nHblx
(C 8 -D 5 ) cnHHHOM03rOBblX Y3JIaX, npHlleM OTpOCTKIl nOCJIe.nHIIX .lI.0-
CTliraJOT cep,!!.ua, npoxo.lI.H lIepe3 gang\. stellatum H nplIcoe.lI.IIHS'lS'lCb
K ero nOCTraHr JIIIOIl3pHbIM BeTI351M. Ha npoxom.ncHIIe lJYBcTBHTeJIb-
HblX BOJIOKOH 01' Kap,!!.Ho-aOpTaJIbIlOii OOJI3CTli l Iepe3 313('3J!.'JaTble Y3JIbI
YKa3bIBaeT II A. JJ. Dml3111CHKO (194G).
Do .naHHbIM Mypa H CHHr.1Tolia (1933), lIYBCTI3IITCJlblible BOJIOKHa
01' nelJeHOlJHbIX, CeJIe3eHOllllbIX JI Upbl}KeelJHbIX apTl'pllii nO.lI.HlIMaIOTCS'I
no 60JIblllllM lJpeBlIbIM lIepBaM HJIIi no CHMlIaTJIlICCKOii HenOllKe
Ii BXO.lI.S'lT 13 cmmlIoii M03r C BepxHe-rpY,!!.HbIMil 3a.nIlHMH KopelilKaMH,
OT nOlJelJHOH apTepHH - no MaJIbIM lJpCBHbIM lIepnaM II no nOS'lCHHlJ-
HbIM 3a.lI.HlIM KopelilKaM.
Do 3TOMY me npllHuliny cHa6,KeHbl llYBcTBIITeJIbHbIMH npH60paMH
Bce BeHbI rpy.nHoii II 6plOlllHOi1 nOJIocm [B. M. fO.lI.HHOB, 1948
(.1.lIcc.); 5. A. .D.oJIro-Ca6ypoB, 194913].
B rJIaBaX «HHHepBaUHS'I 60JILlllHX cocy.noB rpy.nHoH nOJIOCTIi»
H «HHHepBaUliS'l M3rHCTpaJIblibIX cocy.nOB» MbI YK33bmaJIH, lJTO 13 pH.ne
CJIYlJaeB raHrm1H, pacnOJIOmeHHble 5 TOJIllle cOCy.nHCTblX CTeHOK
(13 nOJlblX Ii 13 JIerolJHoii Bellax, 13 JJerOllHOH 3pTepHH, 13 aopTe), CO.lI.ep-
:>KaT He TOJILKO TlUlHlJHbIe ,!!.BllraTeJILlibIe KJIeTKII aBTOHOMHOH HepB-
Hoii CJlCTeMbI, HO H TaKHe, KOTopbIe no IIX BH,!!.Y MorYT 6bITb npHHHTbl
a lJYBCTBHTeJIbHbIe.
KaK H3BeCTHO, Bonpoc 0 H3JIIIlJHII peUenTopHblX HeHpOHOB 13 Y3JIaX
aBTOHOMIIOii HepBHOH CHCTeMbl CeHlJaC CHOBa npllBJIeKaeT K ce6e
BHHMaHlie HCCJIe.noBaTeJIeH, KOTopue 13 pS'l.ne CJIYlJaeB (H. $. HBa-
HOB, 1937; T. A. fplIropbeBa, 1949a; M. n. 3aii.neH6epr, 1952)
no.nTBep:>K.nalOT TOlJKY 3peHHS'I A. C. .D.oreJIS'I (1895, 1896), paccMaT-
pllBaBlilero onHcaHHble HM 13 COCTaBe Y3JIOB cHMn3TH l lecKoH UenOlJKH
Ii B opraHax KJIeTKH BTopOro TlIna B KalJeCTBe aqxpepeHTHblX.
18* 275
Bonpoc 3TOT CTaHOBHTCH OC06ellHO HHTepeClIblM Ii Ba>KHbIM B CBeTe
lI.aHHblX H. <1). nonoBa (1950) H B. n. lleMHxoB3 (1951).
H. <P. nonoB nOBTOpUJJ CTapble OnblTbl rOJlbua H .3BaJIbll.a (Goltz
11. Ewald, 1896), YllaJIlIB Y c06aKH cnHHHoii M03r, Hal.JHHaH C ypOBHH
V llleiiHoro n03BOHKa, II nepepe3aB 06a 6nY>KJJ.aJolll.UX HC'pB(I Ha ypOB-
He BepXHeii l.JaCTIIllI.HTOBUllll0rO xp5llll.a. OnepllpOBaHHble TaKIiM 06p(l-
30M >KHBOTHble }/{HJIH 1I.0JIro_ Pa60Ta HX BHYTpeHlIHX oprmWB, XOTH If
6blJIa 1f3MeHella, HO nporeKana Ha ypOBHe. 1l0CTaro'IHOM lI.JIH no)l.-
llepJl(aHHH JI(J13HII. rUCTOJIOrH'IeCKHC HCCJIe1l.0BaHHH nOKa3aJIH, 'ITO
raHrJIHOHaplible nepBHble annapaTbl 13 opraHax OCTalOTCH I1IUaKTHbl-
MH. I1MeHHo HMH 06bHCHHeT al3TOp Ha6JII01l.aeMYIO Y 3KcnepHMeHTaJIb-
HblX >KHBOTHbIX Hrpy Ba30MOTOpOB, COKpalll.eHlHl CTeHOK nHllI.eBapU-
TeJIbHoro TpaIna, pa60TY cepllua, BbllleJleHlle MO'IH, TepMoperYJIHUIfIO.
B. n. lleMllxoB (1951) COXpaH5IJI B COOTBeTCTBeHHblX YCJIOBHHX
B.tIa>KHOCTH, Tl'MnepaTypbl H HCKycCTBeHHoil BeHTIIJlHI{HU JIerKIiX H30-
JlHpoBaHHblii KOMnJleKC BHYTpeHllHx opraHoB (ceplle'lHO-JlerO'lHO-
6plOlllHoopraHHblii npenapaT) H BUlleJI, 'lTO cepllue 6HJlOCb
C pHTMOM 120-140 YllapOB B MlmYTY, cOXpaHHJIOCb KPOBH-
Hoe )l.aBJleliHe II nepliCTaJIhTIiKa. npH BBelleHUH B IIIUll.C'BOll TaKoro
npenapaTa nHTaTeJIbHblX Bew.eCTB nocne.l1.HlIC nepellBHra.TlHCb no
BceMY llJJHHHUKY nllw.CBapllTeJIbHoro TpaKTa. BbllleJIeHUe npOHCXO-
llHJIO 'Iepe3 nOCpellCTBO MO'Iero'IHUKOB If npmmii KHlllKU.
EcreCTBeHHO llYMaTb, 'lTO TOJlbKO Ha.TJU'lHe peq,.TJeKropHoro Mexa-
HH3Ma, coxpaHlIBlllerOCH 13 opraHax )J{HBOTHbIX B onblTax H_ <P. no-
nOBa (1950) II B H30JIUpOBaHHoM npenapaTe BHYTpeHHUX opraHOB
13 onblTax B. n. lleMHxoBa (1951), 06eCne'lHSaeT CYllI.eCTBOBaHue
>KHBOTIIOro 13 nepBOM cnY'Iae H .l1.eHTeJlbHOCTb H30JlHpOBaHHblx op-
raHOB npenapaTa 130 I3TOpOM.
Pe<pJIeKTOpHble }/{e MexaHH3Mbl Tpe6YIOT HaJIH'lHH peuenTopHblX
HeifpoHoB, KOTOpblC 06pa3YIOT a<p(pC'peHTHble 'IaCTH pe<PJIeKTOpHbIX
llYr. Ho eCJIU 13 onblTax H. <P. nonOBa (1950) MO>KHO OrpaHH'lHTb
aqxpepeHTHble 'laCTU pe<P.JleKTopHbIX nepH<pepll'leCKlfX annapaTOB
TOJIbKO HeilpoHaMH CIII1HHOM03rOBbIX Y3JIOB, KOTopble He nOllBepra-
JIHCb pa3pyweHHIO, TO 13 OnblTaX B. n. lleMHxoBa (1951) 1l0JI>KHO
1l0nYCTHTb H 60JIee 1lllCTaJIbHOe (13 Y3JIaX BereTaTHBHoif HepBIwif CH-
cTeMbl) pacnOJIO>KeHUe 'IYBCTBHTeJIbHblX KJIeTOK, TaK KaK cnHHHO-
M03roBble Y3J1bl He BXOllHT 13 COCTaB Ceplle'lHO-JIerO'IHO-6pIOWHO-
opraHHoro npenapaTa. Q)YHKUHOHHpOBaHHe opraHOB B 3TOM CJIY'Iae
Mbl 1l0Jl>KHbI 06'bHCHIfTh HaJIlflmeM Pe<P.TJeKTOpHbIX MexaHH3MOB,
aqxpepeHTHble 'laCTH KOTOpblX ('lYBCTBHTeJlbHble KJIeTKH, COOTBeTCTBY-
JOllI.He TaKOBblM >Ke cnHHHoM03roBblX Y3JIOB) Jle>KaT HJIH 13 caMHX
opraHax, HJIH 13 Tex OTlIeJlaX BHeopraHHoii BereTaTHBHoil HepBHoii
CHCTeMbI, KOTopble BOWJlII 13 COCTaB npenapaTa.
113 Bcero 3Toro Mbl 1l0JIJlUlbl C}{eJlaTb BbIBO.l1., 'lTO 1l0Ka3aTeJlbCTBa
A. C. llOreJIH (1895, 1896) 13 nOJIh3Y penemopHoil npHpoJJ.b1 onHcaH-
HblX HM KJIeTOK BToporo THna, 13 CBoe BpeMH 6a3HpoBaBlllHecH Ha
pH.l1.e <pH3HoJlOrH'I::-cKIiX 3KcnepHMeHTOB, ceil'Iac 13 HOBbIX <paK-
Tax nOJIY'lalOT HOBbIe nO.l1.KpenJleHIIH.
7G
BTOpblM BbIBO.lI.OM H3 113J1mKl'HHoro HBJlHeTCH He06xo.lI.HMOCTb ClJH-
TaTb peuenTopHble KJICTKH, paCnOJIO}!(elIlIble B BcreTaTHBHblX Y3J1ax
B opraHax 11 Bile UX, oopa30BalllfHMII, B nOJlIlOH Mepe rOMOJlOrHlJ-
HblMIl KJleTKaM cmIHHOM03rOBblX If JIll '1epCnHoM03roBblX '1YBCTBIfTeJIb-
HblX Y3J10B, a TeM caMblM IIllciipOlIbll3TOpOrO TIfna B COCY.lI.IICTbIX CTcn-
Kax (13 cocy,u.ax 13TOIHilJHbIX nOJIocTcii TCJIa) OTHCCTIf K 3TOii rpyn-
ne HepBHblx o6pa30BaJIlfii.
I1HTepecHblll1 HBJI5ICTCH Bonpoc a TOM, KaKIfM 06pa30M '1YBCTBU-
TeJIbHble npO(30)1IllIKII COCY.lI.0B CBH3bIBaJOT lfX co cnIfHHblM M03rOM
H co CTBOJIOBOii lJaCTblO roJIOBHOrO, a LJCpe3 IlIlX H co BceH ueHTpaJIb-
Hall HepBHOH CIICTCMoii .lI.0 KOpbl 60JIbilHIX nOJIywapuH BKJ1IO'lIlTeJlbHO.
B pe3YJIbTaTC O}KI1I3;leHllOii: jl,IICKYCCIfU, IfMeBweH MecTO B oI1HTepa-
Type B .lI.Ba.lI.u.aTbIX II OTLlaCTlI B TpIf.lI.UaTbIX rO.lI.ax TeKYlllero CTOJIeTIfH,
Bonpoc 0 cnoc06c BXO)K.lI.CIlIfH II pacnpe)1eJIeHIfH LJYBCTBIfTeJIbHblX
BOoilOKOH pewCH B TOM CMblCJIC ,lJTO COCY,!!.bl (apTepmllf BeHbl) nOJlY'IaIOT
HcpBlIble CTBOJIlfKIl II OT;I,e;lbHble BOJIOKHa OT COCe.lI.Hl1X HepBOB no
BceMY CBoeMY XO)1Y.
OKa3a.aOCb B nOJIHoii MCpC cnpaBe)1J1I113bIM TO, lJTO .lI.OKa3blBaJlH
B CBoe BpC:\I5I C. D. J1eI3aWOB (1882), M. H. J1anllHcKIIH (1905a),
DOTTC (191.t) II l\paMMcp II Tu;.w, (191.t).
Hl' IIIOrotHlCJICIlHbIC CTOpOHIIIlKIl JIcpllwa, CTpcMHlllerocH YTBCP-
J,IITb nO.1U)Kl'IIIlC U Ha.1Ullllll ,!!..lJlIIllbIX HepBHblx npOBO.lI.HUKOB, II.lI.Y-
llllfX 13 COCY,'I.HCTbIX CTCIIKax aT npOKCIIMa;lbllblX OT..W:IOB COCY,1.0B
K ca lblM .lI.IICTaJIblIbIM (EplolIllIlr, 1927; OCprrJIClC, 1925), no.lI. ,!!.aBJIe-
IIIIC:\1 cpaKToB ,!!.OJIm:llbl 6blJIIl YCTynHTb CBOII n0311wlll npHBep>KeH-
UCl 1 60ol1ce npaBIIJlbHblX B033pCHlfll (CM. rJIaBY «06 IIHHepBaUIfH
tarlfCTpaJlbHblX COCY;J.OB»), 3aKJIIOllaJOllllIXCH B npll31laHUU BXO)KjI,e-
HUH B nOC-'leJl,OBaTCJlbHbIC OTpC3101 COCYJI,OB BCTBell aT COCe.lI.IIHX
c:\lcwaHHblX HCpBOB.
::hOT <peHOMCH nOJIYLJIIJI Ha3Balllle «cerMCHTapHaH IIHHepBaUIfH»
COCY.lI.0B, nplllJeM cerMCHTOM B ,'I.aHHOM c..1YLlae lIa3bIBaJICH OTpC30K
cOCYJI,a, B CTellKY KOToporo BXO,!!.IIJIO OTBeTBJIeHHC COce.ll.llero HepBa.
HY}!(HO CKa3aTb, LJTO 3TOT TCpMIlII HBJIHCTCH npOU3BOJIbHblM If He
) BH3aHHbl:\1 C CYlllCCTBYlOlllCH HaYllIIoii TCpMIfHOJIOrJICll. CerMeHTOM
TeJIa Ha3bIBaeTCH ero l!aCTb, nOJlYLlaJolllaH JIIIHepBaumo aT CTBOJIOBOH
'IaCTU HepBHoii CIfCTCMbl (cmnmoro M03ra If CTBOJIa ro.nOBllOro),
COOTBeTCTBYlOllleii napc nCpC,'I.IlIIX H napc 3a.lI.HIIX KopeWKOB.
B 3TOM OTlloweHIUI BCH COCYJI,lfCT3H CIICTCMa, nO.lI.06HO BceM BHY-
TpeHHIfM opraHaM, xapaKTepH3YCTCH UMeHHO HccerMeHTapHOCTblO
lJYBCTBHTe..lbHOH HHHepBaUiIlf.
Ellle WIf..1b<p II WTaJIb (Schilf u. Stahl, 1925) 06IIapY}!(IfJlIf, lITO
npIf BblCOKOH nepepC3KC ce)1aJllIlllHOrO II 6e.ll.peHHOro llepBOB COCY.lI.bl
3aJl,Heii JIanbl c06aKif TepHlOT 60ol1CBYIO llYBCTBIfTCJIbHOCTb TOJIbKO B
06JIaCTU rOJIeHII If CTonbl. CoxpaHeHlle COCYJI,IfCTOii LJYBCTBIfTeJlbHOCTIf
B 06JIaCTU 6e,!!.pa WIIJIb<p U WTaJIb OO'bHCHHIOT HaJlIfLJlfeM 3.lI.eCb B CTeH-
Ke COCYJI,OB LJYBCTBllTeJIbHblX BOJIOKOH aT cnIfHHOM03rOBblX Y3JIOB,
paCnOoll0}!(eHHblX I3blWe Tex, KOTOpblM npIfHaJl,JIC}!(aT '1YBCTBlfTeJIb-
Hble BOJIOI\Ha ce.lI.aJlUlllHoro If 6e,!!.peHHoro HepBOB.
2T.
B .n.aJIbHeHWeM HaKOnHJIOCb 3HaqHTeJIbHOe KOJIHqeCTBO clJaKTOB,
KOTOpble, KaK, HanpHMep, .n.aHHble $e51 (Fay, 1938), nOKa3bIBaJOT,
'ITa KpOBeHOCHble COCY.lI.bl pa3JIHqHblX 06JIaCTeH Te.TIa nOJIyqalOT qYB-
CTBHH'JIbHble HepBbl H3 CmU1HOM03rOBbIX Y3JIOB He TOJIbKO COOTBeTCT-
BYIOW.HX .cerMeIlTOB, HO 11 H3 MHorHX .lI.PyrHx Bblwe H HH>Ke JIe>Kaw.HX.
TaK, no OTHOIllCHHIO K 6e.n.peHlIOH apTepHH H ee BeTB5IM H3BeCTHO,
qTO B ee qYBCTBl1TeJIbHOii HIIHepBaUHH npHHHMalOT yqaCTHe He TOJIb-
KO HU>KHe-rpY.lI.HbIe, n05lCHHqHble H CaKpaJIbHble Y3JIbl, nOCblJIalOw.He
CBOH nepHclJepH t leCKl1e OTpOCTKH B HepBbl, 06CJIY>KliBaJOw.He Ta30BblH
n05lc II HI1JKHl1e KOlleqHOCTU, HO H Bce cnHHHOM03rOBble Y3JIbl rpy.lI.-
HblX cerMeHTOB BnJIOTb Jl,0 caMblX BepXlIHX.
31-0 >Ke OTHOCHTC5I H K COCY.lI.aM BepXHHX KOHetIHOCTeH (c. JIeTHHK
1925; B. H. IlIeBKYHeHKo. 1938), rOJIOBbl (n. B. rYKOB, 1939),
K 60JIbWHM COCY.lI.aM nOJIOCTeH (H. .It nOBr5lJIJIO, 1926a, 6;
T. A. fpHrOpbeBa, 1948, 1952) H oc06eHHo K cocy.n.aM BHYTpeHHHx
opraHoB (E. K. nJIeqKOBa, 1948a, 6).
npYrHMI1 CJIOBaMII, Bce. qTO Mbl B IJaCT05lw.ee BpeM5I 3HaeM OTHO-
CIITeJIbHO 'lYBcTBHTeJIbHOH HHHepBaUHH COCYJI,OB, O}J.HHaKOBO CBH.lI.e-
TeJILCTByeT 06 yqaCTIII1 B acJxPepeHTHoM 06CJIY}J<HBaHHH HX He TOJIb-
KO HeHpOHOB cnHHHOM03rOBblX Y3JIOB, COOTBeTCTBYIOw.I1X yqaCTKY
TeJIa, CO.ll.cp}J{aw.ero Jl,aHHbIlJ cocy.n., cerMeHTOB, HO H MHorHX Jl,PyrHx,
HHOrJl,a Jl,a>Ke OqeHb OnJaJIeHHbIX. B cocy.n.ax HMeeTC5I B3aHMHoe ne-
peKpblTHe 30H pacnpe)I,eJIeHH5I qYBCTBHTeJlbHblX npOBOJl,HHKOB cnHH-
HOM03roBblX Y3JIOB pa3HblX YPOBHeH.
B03HHKaeT Bonpoc a nYT5IX npOHHKHOBeHH5I .lI.eH.lI.pHTOB aclJ peHT-
HblX HeHpOHOB B COCYJI,HCTYIO CTel1KY. ECJIH peqb H.lI.eT a CnIIHHOM03ro-
BblX Y3JIax COOTBeTCTBYIOw.HX MeCTY pacnOJIO}J{eHH5I cocYJI,a cerMeH-
TaB, TO OTpOCTKH KJIeTOK 3TlIX Y3JIOB .lI.OCTlIralOT COCY.lI.a no COOTBeT-
CTBYIOIlI.HM CMelllaHHblM nepBaM rOJIOBbl, TYJIOBHW.a, KOHeqHOCTei'r
H BHYTpeHHHX opraHOB.
CJIO>KHee 06CTOIlT .lI.eJIO C BonpOCOM, KaK .lI.OCTHralOT COCY.lI.a OT-
pOCTKH HeHpOHOB OTJI,aJIeHHblX cnHHHOM03rOBblX Y3JIOB.
3J1,eCb He06xo)I,HMO BcnOMHHTb Jl,aHHbIe B. n. BeJIHKOrO H
11. n. naBJIOBa (1874) 0 TOM, qTO qYBCTBHTeJIbHbIe HepBbl aT cep.ll.eq-
HOH 06JIaCTH npOXO.ll.51T 'lepe3 3Be3.l1.qaTbIii Y3eJI. B .lI.aJIbHeiiweM na-
raHO (1900) rOBOpHJI, qTO qYBCTBHTeJIbHble nYTH COHHblX apTepuH
JIe>KaT B nOrpaHHql-IOM cToJI6e cBoeH CTOpOHbl.
B HaCT05lw.ee BpeM5I HaKOnHJIOCb MHoro .lI.OKa3aTeJIbCTB a pac-
npoCTpaHeHHH qYBcTBHTeJIbHbIX BOJIOKOH B BOCXO.ll.51w.eM H HHCXO.ll.51-
w.eM HanpaBJIeHHH no nOrpaHHqHOH cHMnaTHqeCKOH uenOqKe (XHpW,
1926b; n. M. 3aJIKaH, 1928; JIbIOIlC, 1942). Oc06eHHo Jl,OKa3aTeJlbHbl
B 3TOM OTHoweHHH 3M6pHOJlOrHqeCKHe HCCJleJl,OBaHH5I n. M. fOJly6a
(1947, 1949a, 6, 1951) If 11. M. TypeuKoro (1952). Ha npHMepe pa3-
BHTH5I qeJIOBeqeCKOrO 3M6pHoHa OHH npO.ll.eMOHCTpHpOBaJIIf, qTO ne-
pHclJepHqeCKHe OTpOCTKH KJleTOK cnHHHOM03rOBblX Y3J10B He TOJIbKO
npHHHMalOT yqaCTHe B clJopMHpoBaHHIf UHHepBanHOHHblX npIf60pOB
B opraHax CBOHX YPOBHeH, HO H 06pa3YlOT Jl,JlHHHble BOCXOJl,51w.He
H HHCXOJl,51w.He nyqKH BOJIOKOH, KOTopble npOJl,e.TIblBalOT 3TOT nYTb
278
II COCTaBe CI1MnaTI14eCKOH uenOllKIi 11 3aTCM, nOKH,n:aH ee, nepeXO,n:HT
B CMeWaHHbIe HepBbI, C KOTOpbIMI1 H pacnpocrpaHHIOTCH B Y4aCTKaX
OpraHlI3Ma H B OpraHaX, Y)Ke He COOTBeTCTBYlOml1X cerMeHTY,
Ha ypOBHe KOToporo JIe>KaT 4YBCTBHTeJIbHble Y3JIbl, ,n:aBWHe Ha4aJIO
3THM BOJIOKHaM.
I1MnYJILCb1 OT cocy,n:OB npOHI1K3IOT B cnHlIHOH M03r H B CTBOJIOBYIO
4aCTb rOJIOBHOrO M03ra no ueHTpaJILHblM OTpOCTKaM KJIeTOK CnI1lIHO-
11 4epenHoM03roBblX 4YBCTBHTeJILIIblX Y3JIOB. BOJIOKHa 3TII, KaK 113-
BeCTHO, 06pa3YIOT 3a,n:HHe KopeWIW CIIHHHoro M03ra H rOMOJIOrH4-
HbIe 11M 4aCTI1 CTBOJIa rOJIOBHoro.
He B,n:aBaHCb 3,n:eCb B pa360p Bonpoca 0 TOM, BXO,n:HT JIH 4YBCTBH-
TeJIbHble HMnYJIbCbl B uel-ITpaJILHYIO HepBHYIO CI1CTeMY no nepe,n:HHM
KopeWKaM, Mbl ,n:OJI>KHbl OTMeTIITb, 4TO, ,n:a>Ke B CJIY4ae nOJIO>KHTeJIb-
Horo ero peweHHH, Bce )j{e OCT3HeTCH BCpHblM <paKT BXO>K,n:eHHSI
B Cnl1IIHOH M03r 11 B crBOJI rOJIOBHOrO no 3a,n:HeMY KopelilKY no,n:aB-
JIHIOmero 4HCJIa BOJIOKOH, HecymHX IIMnYJIbCbl OT COCy,n:OB. B nOJIb3Y
3TOro rOBopHT Ha6JIIO..'I.eHHH, KacalOIlUleCH aHeCTe3HH COCYD.HCTbIX
CTeHOK, pa3BHBaIOmHXC5I BCJIe,n: 3a nepepe3KOH 3a,n:HI1X KopelllKOB
(C. C. I3pIOcoBa 11 B. B. J1e6e,n:eHKo, 1929).
HccMoTpH Ha TO, 4TO IwpKOBaH JIOKaJIH3aUHH KOHe4HbiX OT,n:eJIOB
8<p<pepeHTHbIX nYTei'I KpOBeHOCHblX COCy,n:OB HI1 Y Koro ceH4ac He Bbl-
3bIBaeT COMHeI-mii, MbI eme He 06JIa,n:aeM ,n:OCTaT04HbIM KOJII14eCTBOM
<paKTOB, 4T06bl Cy,n:IiTb 0 TOM, no KaKIiM CHCTeMaM cnHHHoro H rOJIOB-
Horo M03ra Ii,n:YT npOBO,n:HmHe nYTl1 COCy,n:HCTOH 4YBCTBHTeJIbHOCTH
Ii B KaKHX OT,n:eJIaX KOpbl OHH 33KaH4HBaIOTCH.
C. C. I3plocoBa H 13. B. J1e6e,n:eHKO (1929) YKa3bIBaIOT Ha nepeD.-
He-60KoBble CTOJI6bI 6eJIoro BemeCTBa cnHHHoro M03ra KaK Ha MeCTa,
r,n:e pacnOJIO>KeHbl BOCXO,n:HmHe npoBo,n:HHKIi, HecymHe IiMnYJIbCbI OT
COCY.i1. 0B .
LlpYrHe aBTopbI pelllaIOT Bonpoc 0 npoBO,n:HmHX nyrHx COCy,n:H-
CTOH 4YBcTBlITeJIbHOCTH, BKJII04aH HX B 06W.IIH KOMnJIeKC BOCXO,n:HmHX
nyreH OT BHYTpeHHllx opraHoB (Amassian, 1951). 11 B 3TOM CJIY4ae
60KOBOIf CTOJI6 cBoeii H npoTHBOnOJIO>KHOH CTOpOHbl C4HTaeTCSI rJIaB-
HblM MeCTOM JIOKaJIH33UHH BOCXO,n:HmHX npoBo,n:HHKOB OT Bcex BHYT-
peHHHx opraHoB (A. l\\. fPHHIllTeiiH, 1946). K 3TOMY Ha,n:o npH6a-
BHTb, 4TO H 3a,n:HHe CTOJI6bl 6eJIoro BemeCTBa cnHHHoro M03ra MorVT
BKJII04aTb B ce6H BOJIOKHa, HecymHe a<pcpepeHTHble IIMnYJIbCbI OT
BHYTpeHHllx opraHOB (AMaCClfaH, 1950).
Tal{HM 06pa30M, no,n:Bo,n:51 HTor BceMY MaTepHaJIY no Bonpocy
o COCy,n:HCTOH 4YBcTBHTeJIbHOCTH, Ha,n:o OTMeTHTb Heo,n:HHaKoBYIO
li3Y4eHHocTb pa3JIH4HbIX pa3,n:eJIOB 3TOH np06JIeMbl. TaK, MbI XOpOIllO
ceH4ac 3HaeM MOpcpOJIOrHlO COCy,n:HCTbIX peuenTopoB, nOBceMeCT-
HOCTb HX pacnpocTpaHeHHH H cnelIHcpH4HOCTb HX crpoeHHH, xapaK-
TepHYIO .n:.nH Tex HJIH HHblX OTpe3KOB COCy,n:HCTOH CHCTeMbi. PaBHblM
o6pa30M xopowo H3BeCTHa H cpH3HOJIOrH4eCKaH cTOpoHa COCYD.HCTOH
peuen IIHH.
KaK nOBceMeCTHbI B cocy,n:licToii CHcreMe qYBcTBHTeJIbHbIe npH-
60pbI, TaK nOBceMeCTHa Ii cnocooHoCTb cOCy.n.HCTOH CTeHKH Bocnpli-
279
HHMaTb pa3.n:pa)KClIHH, BbI3blI3al'Mble COCTOHIIIIl'M Mblille<lHblX 3JJeMeH-
TOB C3MIIX COC, Y.1l.0B .n:aBJJeIIHeM h:pOBII Jj OrpOMHblM KOJJIi'ICCTBOM
<paKTOpOB, nOpmK.n:aeMblX OOMCIIHblMII pCaKUIIHMIf.
B 3TOM OTHOillellIfH Mbl 06JIa)J,aCM .n:OCTaTOllIIoii nOJJHOTOii 3HaHIIH,
'.JT06bl YTBep)K.n:aTL, 'ITO Bce OT.n:l'JJbl cOCy.n:I1CTOH CIfCTeMbl-K3>KJI.bllI
co CBOHCTBeHHoii eMY <pII3I10JJOrHlleCKOIi cneIlIl<pH'IHOCTbIO - MorYT
CTaTb MeCTaMIi B03HHKII013CIIIIH pe<p.;jCKTOPHbIX nponeCCOB, npOHB-
JJHIOmHXCH UeJJbl:\t pH.n:OM OTBeTHblX peaKUlIIi caMIIX cocy.n:OB H .n:py-
rHX 'IacTeii opraHIf3Ma.
PaBHblM 06pa30M XOpOillO 113BeCTHO II TO 06CTOHTe;IbCTBO, 'ITO Ece
'IYBCTBHTeJJblIble npIl60pbl cocy.n:OB HBJJHIOTCH pa3BeTBJJeHHH!\1II .n:eH-
.n:pHTOB KJJeTOK cnIIHHOM03r0I3bl),. Y3JJOB I1JIII rOMOJJOrIl'IHbIX I1M K.'Ie-
TOK, paCnOJJOil\CIIIIbIX B 3KcTpaMypaJJbHblX II I1HTpaMypaJJLlIblX raH-
rJJHHX aBTOHOMilOH HepI3I1oii CIICTCMbi.
113BecTcil II q)aKT HCCCrMl'IITapHOro pacnpe.n:eJJeHHH 'IYBCTBIITeJJb-
HblX BOJJOKOH B KpOI3eHOCIIbIX cocYJ\ax pa3JIIJ1lIIblX 06JJaCTcii TeJJa_
113BecTHO II TO, 'ITO 'IYI3CTBIITCJJblIble BOJJOKila OT COCy.n:OB BXO-
AHT B CTBOJJOBylO 'IaCTb I1epI3I1oii CIICTeMbl I3Ml'CTe C 3a.n:HIIMII Kopeill-
KaMH CnIlHHOrO M03ra II rOMO.'IOrIJlIHbII\IH I1M 06pa30BaHIIHI\III rO_10B-
Horo.
113BecTHO II TO, 'ITO mmy.'lbCbl OT KpOBeHOCHblX cocy.n:OB .n:OCTIIraIOT
KOpbl 60JJblIJIIX no.TJ)'lIJapilii.
O.n:lIaKO np0I30.n:mll.IfC nYTII 'IYBCTBHTeJJbIlbIX I1MnY.1bCOB OT KpOBe-
HOCHblX cocy.n:OB, lIa 1 1IIIIaH OT MeCTa BXO)J,a 3a.n:lIerO KopeillKa I1.1I1 ro-
MOJJOrIl'lHoro eMy 06pa30BalIIIH 13 CTBO,10I3YI0 'IaCTb I1epI3I101i CIICTe-
Mbl Ii KOWIaH Kopoii rOJJOBiloro M03ra, .n:o CIIX nop OCTaJOTCH MaJJO
H3Y'leHHbIMII.
11, HaKOHCI , COBceM MaJJO Mbl 3HaeM OTilOCHTeJJbHO TO'IHOrO cfJYHK-
IlHOHaJJbHOrO 3IIa'lCII11H TCX WIll HilbIX pCIlcnTopOB cocy.n:OB. 'Ira,
BnpO'leM, OTHOCIITCH K peucnTopaM H .n:pyrllx 06JJaCTeii, B TOM 'I HC.1e-
H K peuenTopaM BHYTpeHHIIX opraHOB 11 .n:a>Ke KO)KII.
r JI a B a VI II
o COCY,lJ,I1CTOfi nO,lJ,BI1)1(HOCTI1
CC>BpeMeHHbIH 3Tan H3YLJeHlHI lIHllepBaLI.IIn KpOBeHOCHblX COCY)l.OB
xa paKTepH3yeTcH nOBblWCIlJIblM l!HTepCCOM K BonpocaM COCY)l.HCTOH
LJYBCTBHTCJILHOCTH. B COOTBeTCTBlIIl C 3TlIM OCHOBHoe BHHMaHHe
HCCJIe)l.OBaTCJICii cocpe)l.OTOLJCJIO Ha np06JleMaX, CBH33HHblX co CTpoe-
HHeM, npOIICXOiK)l.eJIl!CM II <PYHKLI.IIOHIIpOBaHI1CM a<pcjJcpeHTHblX npH-
60pOB apTcpHii, BeH H KamI.'1JIHpOB. COCY)l.HCTaH )J{e nO)l.BH)J{HOCTb,
T. e. )l.BHraTeJIbHaH lUlHepBaLI.HH COCY)l.HCTOH CTeHKH, JIHWb B OT)l.eJIb-
HblX CJIYLJaHX qmfypHpyeT IWK Cneu,HaJlbllaH 3a)l.aLJa pa60Tbl.
Me)!\)l.Y TCM B np06JIeMe COCY)l.HCTOii nO)l.BH)J{HOCTH LJHCJIO Hepe-
llleHllbIX BonpOCOB, npIf1ICM TaKHX, peHlCJIHe KOTOpblX HaCYllJ,HO He06-
XO)l.HMO )l.JIH npaBI1JIbHbIX npe)l.CTaI3JICIIIIH 0 MexaHII3Max COCY)l.HCTbIX
peaKLI.IIIf, 3Ila1JHTeJIbHO npeBbllllaeT LJHCJIO TaKOBbIX B np06JIeMe co-
CY)l.IICToii 1JYBCTBIITE'JIbHOCTII.
TOJIbKO no OTIlOWCIlIIIO K aKTIIBIloii COKpanlTeJIbHOH cnoc06HOCTH
apTeplIa';IblIblX II BeIl03I1bIX COCY)l.OB I1MCIOTCH COsna)l.alOllJ,He H npo-
BepeHHbIe npaKTH1JeCKII MOp<pOJIOfI1LJeCKl1e H <p1I3IIOJIOrIILJeCKHe KOH-
u,en lJ.lIH .
B3fJIH)l.bl Ha nO)l.BH)J{HOCTb KanIIJIJIHpOB OTJIHLJaIOTCH KpaHHHM
aHTafOHII3MOM.
Do OTHoweHIIIO )J{e K B(30)l.IIJI5ITaLI.IIH cYllJ,eCTBYIOT JIHWb TeopHH
H fHnOTe3bI, 113 KOTOpbIX O)l.H 11 , 6Y)l.Y'1H C caMOfO MOMeHTa CBoefO
B03HHKIIOBeHHH aHTII<p1I3HOJIOrIILJlIbIMII, HenpHfO)l.Hbl )l.JIH COBpeMeH-
HOfO 3Tana HaYKH, )l.PYfHe me ellJ,e He)l.OCTaTOLJHO pa3pa60TaHbI H
nOTOMY He 3aHHJIH COOTBeTCTBYIOllJ,ero nOJIO)J{eHHH B 06'bHCHeHHH
Ha6JIIO)l.aeMbIX <paKTOB.
DpHBe)l.eHHble B npe)l.bI)l.yllJ,I1X fJIaBaX CBe)l.eHHH 0 Ba30MOTOpHOH
HHHepBaLI.HH B OCHOBHOM nOKa3bIBalOT 1Jpe3BblLJaifHOe CXO.rr.CTBO
B CTpoeHlIH )l.BHraTeJIbIlbIX npH60pOB COCY)l.OB. EhlI )l.BHfaTeJIbHbIe-
npH60pbl npe)l.CTaBJIeHbl fJIa)l.KHMH MbIIllLI.aMH, CHa6>KeHHbIMH 3<p-
<pepeHTHbIMH HepBHblMH BOJIOKHaMH.
T. e., roBOpH 0 Mop<p0JIOrnLJeCKOM cy6CTpaTe cnoc06HOCTH COCY-
)l.HCTOH CTeHKH K )l.BI1)J{eHHlO, Mbl )l.OJI>KHbl fOBOpHTb 0 ee HepBHO-
MbIIlle1JHOM annapaTe. MblIlleLJHbIH KOMnOHeHT 3TOfO annapaTa npe)l.-
CTaBJIeH fJIa)l.KOMbIIlleLJHOH KJIeTKOH. OHa no CYllJ,eCTBY O)l.HHaKOBa
IIa Bcex Y1JaCTKaX cocY)l.a - 11 TaM, f)l.e npe)l.CTaBJIHeT COCTaBHoH
281
::meMeHT JJ;eJIOrO MblIlletlHOrO nJIaCTa, Ii TaM, r.LI.e JIe}lHfT H30.mlpOBaHHO
II OT.LI.eJIeHa 60JIbIllliMH paCCTOfIHlHIMIi OT .LI.PyrHx TaKHX >Ke KJIeTOK.
O.LI.HaKO BO B3allMOpaCnOJIOJKeHlIH MbIIlletJHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB COCY.LI.OB
Ha6"11O.LI.aeTCH tJpe3BbItJaHHoe MHoro06pa3He.
B I<PynIIbIx M3rHCTp3JIbllbIX 3pTCpllHX H BeHax MblIlletJHbIe
nJIaCTbI, OT.LI.e.'leHHbIe .LI.Pyr OT .LI.pyra npOCJIOHKaMII H3 COe.LI.HHHTeJIb-
HOH TKaHII, xapaKTeplJ3YIOTCH MHorOtJliCJIeHHOCTblO HanpaBJIeHHH
BXO.LI.HmliX B HX COCTaB MbIIlletlllbIX KJIeTOK. 3TOT cpeHOMeH .LI.OCTaTOtJHO
npOHJIJIIOCTpHpOBaH B COOTBeTCTBYlOmllX rJIaB3X HaCTOHmeH pa60Tbi.
B 60JIee MeJIKHX MarllCTpaJIbHbIX COCY.LI.aX, oc06eHHO B apTepHHX
HH>KHHX KOHetJHOCTeH, MblIllCtJHbIe 3JIeMeHTbI, KpOMe Cpe.LI.Hei'i 060-
JIOtJKH, BCTpetJalOTCH H BO BHYTpeHHcH Ii B HapY>KHOH, nputJe:\1 B no-
CJle.LI.HHX pacnOJIO>KeHbI npO.LI.OJIbHO.
B MCJIIUlX MarHCTpaJIbHblX apTepllHx B opraHax MbIIlletJHaH 060-
JIotJKa nOCTpocHa H3 MOmHoro no OTHOIlleHHIO K .LI.HaMeTpy cocY.LI.a
JJ;HPKYJIHpHOro CJIOH rJIa.LI.KO:\1bIllie t IHbIX KJIeTOK. no Mepe npH6JIH-
:>KeHHH MarHCTpaJIbHbIX apTepHii opraHa K apTepHOJI3M B MbIIlletJHbIX
3JIeMCHTax HX CTeHOK Ha6.11O;J:aeTcSI TeH.LI.eHJJ;HH K OTK"lOHeHHIO OT
nepneH.LI.HKYJIHpHOrO KOCH COCY.LI.a nOJIO>KeHHH MbIIlletJHbIX KJIeTOK.
B 06JIaCTH apTepHOJI MbIIlletJHbIe 3JIeMeHTbI X3paKTepH3YIOTCSI
CBOHM HaKJIOHHbI:\1 pacnOJIO>KeHHeM. npHtJeM Ha.LI.O OTMeTHTb, 'lTO,
HapSl.LI.Y C KJIeTKaMH, pacnOJIO>KeHHbIMH no.LI. yrJIOM K OCII COCY.LI.a,
BMelOTCH H TaKlie, KOTopble JIe>KaT cBoei:j OCblO npO.LI.OJIbHO HJIH no-
nepetJHO KOCH caMOH apTepHOJIbl.
B apTepHO-BeH03HbIX aHaCTOM03ax MbIIlle'lHbIe KJIeTKH OTJIH-
tJalOTCH CBoeH He06bI'lHO BbIpa:>KeHHoi'i KOHJJ;eHTpaJJ;HeH Ha He60JIb-
1lI0M Y'laCTKe COCY.LI.a.
Kam1JIJISlpbI, KOTopbIe JIHIllellbI nOJIHOCTblO MblIlle'lHbIX 3JIeMeH-
TOB, 'laCTO OTXO.LI.HT OT apTepHO"l B MeCTax, r.LI.e nOCJIe.LI.HHe cHa6>KeHbI
ccpHHKTepo06pa3HbIMIi npllcnoco6JIeHIISIMlI H3 MbIIlle'lllbIX KJleTOK.
B03HHKalOmlle nOCJIe KanHJIJISIpOB BeHYJIbI xapaKTepll3YIOTCSI
nOHBJIHIOliI.liMIICSI B IIX CTeHKax rJIaJ,I<OMblIlle'lHbI:\IH 3JIe:\lCHTaMH C ca-
MbIM pa3Hoo6pa3Hbl:\l pacnOJIO>KCHIICM. B JJ;eJIOM pH.LI.e opraHOB He-
pe.LI.KH ccpliHKTepbI Ha YtJaCTKax, rJ1.e CliHyco06pa3HbIe l<anHJIJIHpbI
nepeXO.LI.HT B BeHYJIbi. BeHbI B opraHax tJaCTO 06JIa.LI.aJOT T'>llbKO npo-
)J.OJIbHbIMH MbIIlletJllbIMH CJIOHMH.
1I.PyrHMH CJIOBaMH, e.LI.IIHo06pa3HbIH MblIlletHlbIH 3JIeMeHT HepBHO-
MbIIlletJHoro annapaTa COCY.LI.HCTOII CTellKH - BepeTeHOBll.lIHaSl
fJIa.LI.KOMbIIlletJHaSl KJIeTKa - 06JIa.LI.aeT orpOMHbIM MHoro06pa3HeM
cBoero npOCTpaHCTBeHHoro pacnOJIO>KeHliSl. 3TO 06CTOSlTeJIbCTBO
HMeeT, HeCOMHeHHO, pewalOliI.ee 3HatJeHHe B peaJIH3aUHH .LI.BHraTeJIb-
HOro HepBHoro HMnYJIbCa - .LI.lIaMeTp COCY.LI.a nOCJIe COKpameHHSI
fJIa.LI.KOMbIwetJHoro BOJIOKHa 6Y.LI.eT 3aBHceTb OT Toro, KaK 3TO BOJIOKHO
pacnO.'lO>KeHO no OTHoweHHIO K OCB cocY.LI.a (B. 11. I3epe3HH,
1914a, 6).
K CO>KaJIeHIIIO, 3Ta .LI.eTaJIb CTpoeHHH KpoBeHocHblx cocY.LI.OB eme
'He CTaJIa ppe.LI.MeToM cneJJ;HaJIbHOrO H3YtJeHHH, XOTH HCCJIe.LI.OBaHHH
'B 3TOH 06JIaCTH pa3peWHJIH 6bI Mlloro BonpocoB, HenOCpe.LI.CTBeHHo
..282
CBH3aHHbIX C np06J1eMOH COCYJl.IICTOH nO.L\BlDKIIOCTU. 06 3TOM
.cBU.L\eTeJlbCTBYIOT pa60TbI 11. M. LI.orCJlH (1903, 1904), B. 11. 5epe-
3UHa (1914a, 6), 5ellHuHrxo<pa (1927, 1930, 1936) H .L\p.
Hau60JlbWCe llUCJlO uCCJIc.lI.onaHlIii, nOCBHI.ll,eHHbIX Bonpocy
CTpOCIIlIH MblWCIIHbIX 3J1eMCIITOn KpoBeHocHblX COCY.lI.OB, 3aHHTO Bbl-
'HCHeHUCM npUp0.lI.bl U <PYHKLlUii Tex U3 IIUX, KOTopble BXO.lI.HT B COCTaB
CneLlllaJlbHblX npucnoc06J1eHllii ):\.1151 perYJlllpOBaHIIH MecTHoro KpO-
BOTOKa. Bce 3TH pa60Tbl pa306pallbI II OLlelleHbI B rJlaBe «06 uHHep-
BaLllU1 apTepliO-BeH03HbIX 3HaCTOM030B». 06ll1.HM BbIBO.L\OM U3 Bcex
ux II U3 Hawero c06CTBellHoro MarepUaJIa HBJIHeTCH 3aKJllOlleHUe,
IITO cBoe06pa3ue MblwellHblX KJleTOK 3nlX npucnOC06J1eHlIH BbIpa-
)!{aeTCH B To:\f, IITO OHII 06.13.lI.3I0T lie npO,'lOJlbHO KJIeTKe opueHTupo-
BaHHbI U Muoqm6plI"lJI3MII, KaK 3TO IIMceT MeCTO B nO.lI.aBJlHlOllleM
60JlbWIIHCTBe rJla.L\KOMbIWellHbIX 3.:1eMeHTOB, a pacnOJIO>KeHHbIMu BO
MHorIlX HanpaBJleHUHX B KJleTOllnOM TeJle, KOTopoe K TOMY >Ke 06blllHO
lIMeeT He BepeTeHo06pa3HYIO, a oKpyrJlYIO <POPMY. B CBH3U C 3TUM II
B03HUKaeT <PC HOMen nO.lI.ywelllloro 3aiKaTUH npOCBeTa cOCY.L\a.
He;I.aBHO H. npO.lI.aHOB (1953), OLlCHUBaH cOKpaTIITeJIbHble 3Jle-
MeHTbl apTep1l0-BeH03HbIX aHaCTOM030B (<<3nUreJlUOU.lI.Hble KJIeTKU»
MHorux aBTopoB), CneUIIaJlbHO YKa3bIBaeT, IITO XOTH OHII U HBJlHIOTCH
.anmUIIHbIMII, HO 06J1a.L\aIOT HCHO BbIpa>KeHnbIM MblwellHblM xapaK-
TepoM U cooTBeTcTBYIOT rJla.L\KOMbIWellHbIM KJleTKaM OCTaJlbHbIX OT-
.lI.eJIOB COCY.L\HCTOii CUCTeMbI.
nO.L\BO.lI.H I1TOr, HY>KHO nO.L\llepKHYTb, IITO MbIwellHbIH 3J1CMeHT
:HepBHo-MbiwetlHoro annapaTa KpoBeHoclIblX cocY.lI.0B npe)J.CTaBJleH
'no cYllleCTBY 0.L\1I0H U TOH >Ke rJla.lI.KOMblWetllIoii KJleTKoll, KOTopaH
MO)KeT pacnOJlaraTbCH B COCY.lI.IICToi'I CTeHKe IIO)J. pa3HblMu yrJlaMII
,K OCli cocY.lI.a II Mllocjm6puJlJlbl KOTOpoii B OT.L\eJlbHbIX CJlYllaHx Morj'T
..1e>KaTb, ncpeKpcllI.lIBa51 .L\Pyr .L\Pyra B pa311blx HanpaBJleHuHx.
1 Iepl3llblii KOMUOlleHT HepBHo-MblwellHoro annapaTa COCY.L\OB
,caM no cc6 TaK>Ke pC.lI.KO CJlY>KUJI npe.L\MeTOM cneLlUaJlbHOrO U3Ylle-
HUH. 06 3fOM CBII.lI.CTCJlbCTnyeT Kpaiille MaJlOe KOJlUlleCTBO 3Kcnepu-
:vIeIlTa:ILIlbIX pa60T B .L\aHHOH 06J1acTl1.
50JlbWllIICrno cne.lI.cHuii OTHOCIITeJlbHO npollCXo>K)J.eHIIH, CTpoe-
HUH II cnoc060B OKOnllaHU5I .L\BHraTeJlbHbIX HepBoB COCY.L\OB llepnaeTCH
lI"lU 113 onllcaTCoIlbHblX pa60T, K TOMY >Ke B 60JlbWUHCTBe CJlYllaeB
nOCB5IllI.CllllblX BonpocaM IIHlIcpBaLlIIU opraHOB, I1.:1H U3 3KcnepllMeH-
TaJIbllblX, HO paBHblM 06pa3o:\f UMCIOlllIlX LlCJlblO U3YIIUTb HepBHble
npIl60pbl opranOB. Cpe;I.U nOCJle.L\HIIX Ha.L\O OTMeTUTb Te, KOTopbIe
BbInO"lHCHbl B CBH3U C .L\JlIITC:IbHbIM cnopo 0 HaJIUIIUU liJIU OTCYT-
.CTBIIII npHl\lOii CIiMnaTUlJeCKOii IIHHepBaIlIIII CKeJleTHbIX MbIWLl..
nepBble CBe.L\eHIIH 0 CB060.!l.HbIX OKOHllaHUHX 6e3 HKOTHbIX BO-
_.'10KOH Ha MbiwellHblX KJleTKaX COCY.L\OB UMelOTCH B pa60Te K. fOHHeBa
.(1875), KOTOpblH BU.L\eJl IIX B cocY.il.ax nHllI.eBO.lI.a H >KeJlY.L\Ka. 3TU .lI.aH-
Hble 6WJlII nO.L\TBep>K.L\eHbI n. KOpOJlbKOBbI (1893) no OTHoweHlilO
K cocY.lI.aM nelleHU.
n. KOpOJIbKOB nepBblH H3 Mop<pOJlOrOB Ha3BaJI 3TU BOJlOKHa Ba30-
MOTOpHbIMH. B .L\aJIbHeHWeM M. O. 3eH.lI.eHMaH (1899) B COCY.lI.HCTOH
283
060JI04Ke r.,a3a H Xy6ep (1899) B MHrKOH M03roBo1"1 060JI04Ke BH-
,n:eJIU lIa MblWC411blX KJIeTKaX COCy,n:OB OKOHtfallHH, 06pa30BaHHblf'"
CneUUClJILllb1MH YTOJIlll.CIIUHMII KOlletfllblX 6C3MHKOTHblX HCpBHblX
BOJIOKOIICH. H. H. K03J10BCKHii (1900) no,n:mcp.n.HJ1 H paCWHpUJI ,n:all-
HblC K- fOlISlcBa no OTHOIllelllllO K COCY).I,aM nlllll.eBo,n:a.
50JIbWYI0 pOJIb B HCC.'le,n:onamfli MOp<pOJIOrHH ,n:BuraTeJIbHblX
HepnoB COCy,n:OB CblrpaJI 1\\. H. J1anllHcKuii 11902a, 1905a, 1905B,
1913), KOTOpbIii npulla,n:JIE')KIIT K 'IIICJIY HCMIIOruX, CneUllaJIbHO
H3YlJaBIllH),. Ba30MoToPllYIO HIIIlCpBClUIlIO. B MblWelJHOii CTeHKe cocy-
,n:OB MHrKoH M03roBOii 060JIOlJKII, B COCy,n:UCTbIX CnJIeTeHIIHX TpeTbero
)KeJly,n:OlIKa II B CCpOM BClll.CCTBe rOJI013l1oro M03ra M. H. .ilanuHcKIIH
BH,n:eJI rycTble CnJIeTeHHH 6e3MHKOTHblX BOJIOKOH, KOHelJHble BeTOlJKH
KOTOpblX OKaHlJllBaIOTCH Ha Mb1IllC411blX KJIeTKax. AHa,,10rlllJllble Hao-
JIIO,n:eHHH c,n:eJIaHbl M. H. J1amIHCKIII\1 11 no OTHoweHIlIO K cocy,n:al\1 KO-
HelJHOCTeii. B HX I\1blIlle4HblX CJIOSlX OC3MHKOTHble HepBHble BOJIOKOHUa
OKaH4HBaJOTC51. 06BHBa51 Ka)K,n:yIO MblIllelJHYIO KJIeTKY. 1\\. H. J1amIH-
CKHH (1905a) nepBblii BII,n:eJI H .J,ereHepaUHIO 3TlIX KOHelJHblX BO-
JIOKOHeu noc.,e nepepe3KII ce,n:aJIHllI,HOro HepBa_
K 411CJIY nepBblx HCCJIe,n:oBaTCJlcii ,n:BllraTCJIbllblX HepBoB COCY.J,OE.
HY)KHO OTHeCTII II C. MIIXaiiJIOBa (1908a), KOTOpbIii 06HapY)KIIJI
OKOHlJaHIIH TOHKII),. 6e3MSlKOTHblX HCpBllblX BOJIOKOH Ha l\1blillC l lHblX
KJIeTKaX COCy,n:OB MOlJeBOrO nY3bIPH.
TmHIM 06pa30M, H3 nCp13blX The paooT, nOCBmll.eHHblX HCC:le.J,O-
BaHIlIO I1IIHepBClUlI1I KpoBellocHblX COCy,n:OB, C OlJCBI1,n:HOCTbIO BblTe-
KaJIO, lITO ,n:nllr3TE'JILHble Hep13l1blC BOJIOKHa COCY;J.HCTOii CTl'IIKII,
Bo-nepBbIX, CBSl3aHbl C ee MblWClJllblMII 3JICMeUT3MII, Ha KOTOpbl)" 01111
11 OKalllJl1BaJOTCH, 11, BO-BTOPbIX, npC)lCTaBJIeHbl TOHKHMII 6e3MHKOT-
HblMH aKCOHaMH.
B ,lWJILIICiilllCM B031111KJIa HeOOXO.lUIMOCTb BbI51CHHTb HCTOlllllIKII
npOlICXO)K,n:eHHH 3THX TOHKHX 6l'3MHKOTlIbIX BOJIOKOH, npOHlIKaIO-
lll.HX B COCy,n:bl II OKaHlJIIBal0lll.IIXC51 lIa MblIllelJllblX KJIeTKaX ilK.
CTeHOK.
Y)Ke M. H. J1amlHcKHM (1905a) 6bl.10 )'Ka3aHO, lJTO TOHlme oe3-
M51KOTHble BOJIOIWHua, OKaH411BaJOlll.IICCH lIa MblIlluax CTeHKII 6c;J.-
peHHOH apTepHH, nepepO)K,n:aIOTC51 nOC"lC nepepe31U1 ce.il.a,,'HllI.HOrO
HepBa, T. e. npoxo,n:HT B COCTaBC ncpmpeplllJeCKlIX CMeIllaHllblX
HepBOB.
3TO YI{a3aHlIC M. H. J1amlIIcKoro 6bl,,10 nO)J,TBep)K.J,eHO
5YIlleM (1929), a BnOCJIe,n:CTBlfII H BceMII, KTO pa60Ta., Ha,n: 3TlIl\I BO-
npocoM, nplllJeM aHaJIOrlllJHble lIa6JI1o,n:eHHH 6blJIH c,n:eJIallbl no OT-
HOllleHIlIO KO BceM cocy,n:al\1, OOJla,n:aIOlll.IIM I\1blille l IHoii CTellKoii. 5bl.,0
nOKa3aHO, 4TO Bce OHH nO.1YlJaIOT H3 CI\1ClllaHllblX nepHcpeplllJeCKIIX
HepBoB TOHKlle 6e3MHKoTHble BOJIOKH3, OKaUlJIIBaIOlll.lleC51 Ha IIX
MblIllC4HblX KJIeTKax.
DepBble :>Ke 3KcnepHMeHTbl (5YIll, 1929; 5. H. J1aBpellTbeB II
A. 5I. 50pOBCKa51, 1935; A. 51. 50po13cKa51, 1935) nOKa3aJIII, lJTO
HepBbl, pacnpe,n:eJIHIOllI.lleC51 B MblIllelJllblX 060JIOlJKaX COCy,n:OB H Haxo-
,n:Hlll.HeC51 B TeCHOH CBH3H C MblIllelJHblMil KJIeTKaMlI, HBJIHIOTC51 CilMna-
284
Tl1'.JeCKIIMH BOJIOKHaMH - HeHpl1T3MH KJIeTOK Y3JIOB nOrpaHH'IHOH
llen04KII.
3TH )J,3HHbIe C HeH3MeHIIOCTLI0 nO.II.TBep)!{.lJ.3IOTCH BO Bcex nOCJIe-
.IJ.YIOUJ.HX pa6OTaX. H. . ¥lnaHOn 11 T. I-I. Pa.II.OCTHHa (1935a, 19356)
H H. r. KOJIOCOB II 1'. A. 110JIHKapnOB3 (HJ356) YCT3I10BHJIH ::ITO no
OTBOllIeHHIO K cocy!!,aM nHUJ.CBapIlTeJIbIIOrO TpaIna; E. K. I1JIe'IKOBa
(HJ48a) - cep.II.lla; J1aHrBOpCH 11 Xcccep (194U) - MOLleBoro nY3bIPH;
5aKaH (1941, 1942) - MHrKoii M03roBOH 060JIo'lKl1 H HHCXO.II.HllI.eH
aopTbI; J1aHrBopcH H OpTl.'ra (1943) - p3.II.Y}I,moii U60JIOlIKH rJI33a.
06 3TOM )!{e CBI1.II.cTeJIbCTBYIOT H pa6oTbI, BbInOJlIleHHbIe B nOCJIe.II.-
HHe ro.II.bl B. H. HJIbHHOii (1946), !v\. 5. U.YKep (1947), T. A. fpH-
ropbeBoH (19496, 19516), !v\OpIlHOM (Morin, 1949). 11. A. 4epBoBoH
(1950), E. 51. KOpbITHblM (1951), M. C. fp3'IeBOii (1953), B. M. fo-
n.HlIOBbIM (19536) H 11. 11. J1YKbHHOBOH (1953), 06HapY)!{HBllIHMH
nOCJIe Y.II.aJIeHHH Tex HJI11 HHblX CHMnaT11'IeCKI1X Y3JIOB nepepo)!{)I,e-
HIIe 6e3MHKOTHblX HepBHblx BOJIOKOli lIa MbIllIe'IHbIX KJIeTK3X cocY-
)1,OB pa3JIH4HblX opranoB.
KaK y)!{e YKa33Ho Bblme, pa60Tbl, npen.npHHHTble .II.JIH pemeHlUl
'Bonpoca 0 HaJIHlIHI1 HJIH OTCYTCTBHH npHMoro KOHTaKTa CHMnaTH-
4eCKHX BOJIOKOH C nonepe4HOnOJIOC3TbIMH CKeJIeTHblMH Mblme'IHblMH
,BOJlOKHaMlI, TaK)!{e .II.aJIH 60JILllIOH MaTepHaJI, CBH.II.eTeJIbCTBYlOllI.HH
o BenOCpe.II.CTBeHHoH CBH3H HCHpHTOB KJIeTOK CHMnaTH'IeCKHX Y3JIOB
.c rJIa.II.KOMbIllIe'IHbIMH KJIeTKaMH CTeHOK KpoBeHoCHblX cocY.II.OB
(PeHcoH, 1932, 1933; YHJIKHHCOH, 1929, 1934; E. 51. KOPblTHbIH,
1951) .
TaKHM 06pa30M, uecMoTpH Ha TO, 'ITO 'IHCJIO pa60T, nOCBHUJ.eHHbIX
3KcnepHMeHTaJIbHOMY BblHCHeHHIO XO.II.a CHMnaTH'IeCKHX BOJIOKOH Ha
nepmpepHH H I1X pacnpe.II.eJIeHHIO B COCY.II.HCTOH CTeHKe, cpaBHHTeJIbHO
HeBeJIHKO, 0.II.H03Ha'I1I0CTb HX pe3YJIbT3TOB H3CTOJIbKO .II.eMOHCTpa-
THBHa, 41'0 MO)!{HO C'IHTaTb KOHTaKT CI1MnaT114eCKHX BOJIOKOH C rJIa.II.-
KHMH MbIllILI.aMH COCY.II.OB MOp<pOJIOrH'ICCKH YCTaHOBJIeHHbIM.
KaK H3BeCTHO, A. n. BaJIbTep (1842) BnepBbIc YCTaHOBHJI <pH3HO-
JIOrH4ecKYIO npHpO.II.Y CHMnaTH4eCKHX (C04YBCTBCHHbIX - no Tor-
.n.311IHeH TepMHHOJIOrHH) BOJIOKOH. COnpOBO)!{)I,aH MHKpocKonH4ecKoe
Ha6JIIO.II.eHHe pa3.II.pa)!{eHHeM H BbIKJIl04eHHCM CHMnaTI14eCKHX HepBoB,
DH 06HapY)!{HJI HX cocY.II.0CY)!{HB3IOlll.ee .II.eHcTBHe H O.II.HOBpeMeHHo
nOKa3aJI, 4TO OHH npl1MemaHbI K nepH<pepHlleCKI1M (B 'IaCTHOCTH,
K Ce.II.3JIHUJ.HOMY) HepBaM.
B 1850-1852 rr. H36JI1o.II.eHHH A. 11. BaJIbTepa nO.II.TBep.II.HJI KJIo.II.
EepHap (npHBe.II.eHO no PYCCKOMY H3.II.alIHiO 1937 r. ero TPY.II.3 «J1eK-
lI.HH no 31{CnepHMeHTaJIbHOii naTOJIOrHH», CTp. 218 H 318).
B HaCTOHllI.ee BpeMH cnoc06HoCTh CHMnaTI14eCKOro BepBa Bbl-
3bIBaTb COKpalll.eHHe rJI3.II.KOH MbIllILI.bI COCY.II.HCTOH CTeHKH H3BeCTHa
no OTHOllIeHHlO KO BceM cocY.II.aM.
B rOJIOBHOM M03ry 11 B ero 060JI04KaX cy)!{eHHe KpOBeHOCHbiX
COCY.llOB npH pa3.llpa)!{elIHH CHMo3TlfliecKoro HepBa HJIH HX pacmHpe-
HHe npH nepepe3Ke nOCJIe.II.HerO BH.II.eJIH HOTHareJIb (Nothnagel,
1867), l1eHceH (Jensen, 1904), op6ec H BOJIb<p (Forbes a. Wolf.
285
1928), fHJI.ll.lfHr (Gilding, 1932), lllMH){T (1935/1936), TOMa (Tho-
mas, 1935/1936), B11I1ape C COTpY){HHKaMH (Villa ret , Justin-Besan-
son de Seze et Cachera, 1936), 5YKKepT H )Kyp){aH (Jourdan,.
1936), op6ec H K066 (Cobb, 1938), KynMeHc (Koupmans, 1938).
H A. A. Ke){pOB H A. 11. HaYMeHKo (1951). Pa3JIl\llHbIMII cnoc06aMH
(npHMbIM Ha6JIIO){eHlIeM, npH nOMOlll.lI TepM03JIeKTplfllecKHx H 3.1eK-
TpOnJIeTH3Morpa<plfllecKHx H3MepeHHii H 13 onbITax C npmKH3HeHHbIM
BBe){eHHeM KpaClm) 3TH aBTopbI YCTaHOBlIJIH OTIleTJIHBOe, XOTH H
MeHblllee, lleM 130 BHellepenHbIX cocy){ax, q:)!{eHHe apTepHii 060JI01leK
H Belll.eCTBa M03ra npH pa3){pa)j{eHIIII CHMnaTHlleCKOrO HepBa Ha wee,
HallHHaH co 3Be3){llaTOrO Y3JIa H KOHllaH BepxHIlM wciiHblM Y3JIOM,
O){HOBpeMeHHo oTMenm, IlTO CIlMnaTlllJeCKHe BOJIOKHa ){OCTHralOT CO--
CY){OB 13 COCTaBe CMewaHHblX HepBOB.
no OTHoweHlllO K KopOHapHbIM cocy){aM TaKlle )j{C Ha6JI1o){eHHH
C){eJIaHbl KOYHTueM C COTpY){HlIKaMH (Kountz, Pearson a. Koenig,
1934), H. 11. CncpaHcKHM H B. f. nOnOBblM (1935), fOJIBHTUep-
.MeiiepoM H KplOrepoM (Gollwitzer-Meier u. Kruger, 1935) H PaMO-
COM C COTpY){HHKaMH (Ramos, Alanis a. Luco, 1950; Ramos, Alanis
a. Rosenblueth, 1950 - nplH3C){eHO no BiOrk, 1952).
B JIerKHX cocY.lI.OCY)j{HBaIOllJ,aH pOJIb CIlMnaTJ11IeCKOro HepBa
YCTaHoB.1eHa . A. A.1eKCaH){p013bIM (1889), 5JIallKOM H J1HH){OM
BaH BIIHraap){eHOM (Blanc u. Lind van Wyngaarden, 1924), XaJIJIOM
(Hall, 1925), 5yplllTciiIIOM (Burstein, 1946/1947) II neiiJIH ){e 5eprml
C COTpY){HIlKaMII (Daly de Burgh, Duke, Hcbb a. Weatherall, 1948;
Daly de Burgh, Duke, Lindzell a. Weatherall, 1952).
B opraHax 6plOlllHOii nOJIOCTII COKpalll.eIIIIe COC)){OB npii pa3){pa-
)!{eHlIH nepll<PcplllIccKoro KOIma nepepe3alIIIOro IlpeBHOro HepBa
BH){e.TJH ellJ,e v!. <I). U,1l01I H J1IO:r.BIlL 3m"CM J1eHrJIIl H J1. A. Op6cJIII
(1910, 1910/1911,), pa3){pa}l\3H Y JIHr)'lllKIl CHMnanlllecK)'lo UenOlJKY
HH)j{e TpeTbero Y3JIa, 06IIapY)KIlJIII cOI\.palll.eHlle cocY.lI.oB 13 nHllI.e-
BO){e, meJIY){Ke II KHlllKe. ABTOpbl YCTaHOBIIJIII npH 3TOM, IlTO Ba-
30MOTopHbie BOJIOKHa H3 cIIMna1I1 1 IeCKOii uenOlJKII nepeXO){HT 13 cnH-
HaJIbHble llepIJbI, no KOTOpbIM H J],OCTIIraIOT opraHoB. n03)j{e B. B. J1e-
6e){eHKO (1926a) nO){TBep.!l.HJI CTapblE' ){alllIbIC J1. 5. f1one.'1bCKOrO
(1903) OTHOCI-ITe.aLHO TOro, lITO CII!\maTlIlJeCKIIe Y3,;'1bl CO.1HE'IlHOrO
CnJIeTeHHH npe){CTaBJIHlOT c060ii na30MoTopllblC nellTpbl ){JIH opraHoE
6PIOWHOH nOJIOCTll, a CeHeBHp,HITC (1949) nOI{a3aJI, 'ITO II nelleHOIl-
HbIe COCY){bl COKpallJ,aIOTCH no,i]. nJIHHIIIleM pa3){pameHIIH CIIMnaTIIlJe-
CKHX HepBoB.
B H3bIKe COI{palll.eIIHe cocY.!I.OB npii pa3.!1.pa)j{C'III-IH CIIMnaTIIlle-
CKHX llepBOB BH.llE'JIII 3pIlCJI, <}>0.%K08 II YBllec (Erici, Folkow a.
Uvnas, 1952). Mop(IJOJIorHlJCCI\.JI CHMnaTHlleCKaSI I-HIII ep Banll5! co-
CY){OB H3blKa npoc.TJe}l{CHa O. B. BOJIlwnoii (1954).
COCY){bl Komll II ee ){epllBaToB COKpallJ,aIOTcH TaK)j{e npii pa3){pa-
)!{eHIHi CHMnaTHlJeCKHX HepRoB. 3TO nOKa3aHO 51. A. ne.lllOJIIIHblM
(1865a, 1868), PIIHE'KOM (1869), II. E. ErOpOBW.1 (1892, I893a, 6),
r. f1HoTpOBCKHM (1894). r. H. CTcnalloBblM (1921) JI A. H. MYJIlIKO-
BblM (1936). XCMHHryeii II J1I1JIJleXCH (Hemingway a. Lillehei, 1950),.
286
n.eCHMnaTlf3HpySI KO>KY, JlHlllaJlH ee CnOC06HOCTH K COCY.lI.HCTbIM
peaKUHSIM Ha renJlOBbIe pa3.lI.pa>KeHHSI.
He.lI.aBHO JhIH.lI.3eJlJl (1950) nYTeM H3MepeHl1SI TOKa KpOBH, nJle-
TH3Morpa<pH'IeCKH, npHMeHSISI nep<PY3H10 H30Jll1pOBaHHoH MOJlOq-
HOH >KeJle3bI H ee MHKpOCKOnH'leCKOe H3Y'leHHe, YCTaHOBHJI, 'lTO
B CMewaHHblX HepBax 3Toro opraHa cO.lI.ep>KaTCSI CHMnaTH'leCKHe-
BOJlOKHa. Pa3.lI.pa>KeHHe 3THX HepBoB BbIpa>KaeTCSI B cOKpameHHIi
MeJlKl1X apTepHOJl, B MbIWe'lHbIX 'laCTSIX CTeHOK KOTOpbIX J1HH.lI.3eJlJl
06HapY>KHJI HaJlH'lHe TOHKHX 6e3MSIKoTHblX HepBHblx BOJlOKOH.
n06J1e.lI.HeHl1e KO>KH COCKa npH pa3.lI.pa>KeHHH nepmpepHqeCKoro.
KOHua HepBa, HHHepBHpYlOmero MOJlOqHYIO )J(eJle3Y, BH.lI.eJlH H
H. A. DapbIIllHl1KOB, B. H. DOPCYK, M. r. 3aKc, 11. H. 30THKoBa,
r. H. naBJlOB H B. 11. TOJl6yxl1H (1953).
B npe.lI.bI.lI.yml1X rJlaBaX YKa3aHo, 'lTO HaYKa cpaBHHTeJlbHO n03.lI.HO
nOJlY'lHJla Mop<pOJlOrl1lJeCKHe .lI.OKa3aTeJlbCTBa H3J111'lHSI CHMnaTH-
'leCKl1X BOJlOKOH B neplI<pepH'leCKIIX HepBax. $113110JlOraM )J(e 3TO
06CTOSITeJlbCTBO '2TaJlO H3BeCTHO O'leHb pmIO. BCJle.lI. 3a A. n. BaJlb-
TepoM (1842), 06HapY)KIIBIlIHM CHMnaTlJ'leCKl1e BOJlOKHa B ce.lI.aJlllm-
HOM HepBe, HX Bl1.lI.eJlll B COCTaBe HepBOB opraHoB 1I KOHe'lHOCTeH
RJlo.lI. DepHap (1850, 1852), . A. D.e.lI.IOJlHH (1868), 11. M. D.oreJlh Ii
B. llIYMoBcKHli (18G8), v!. M. D.oreJlb (1869), 11. . LLIIOH (1874) Ii
C. B_ J1eBamoB (1879 a, 6, B). C oc06011 TO'lHOCTLIO 3TO YCTaHOBJleHO
11. E. EropoBblM (1892, 1893a, 6), KOTOpblli, COnpOBO>K.lI.aSI <p113HO-
JlOrH'leCKlJli 3KcneplIMeHT Mop<pOJlOrHlJeCKIJM Ha6J1Io.lI.eHHeM, BH.lI.eJl
nepexo.lI. CHMnaTIi'leCKHX BOJlOKOH 113 nOrpaHH'IHOH uenO'lKH B noSIC-
HII'lHOe CnJleTeHHe, B Ce}J,aJlIlmHbIH n 6e.lI.peHHbIl1 HepBbl, a 3aTeM H
B CnJleTeHlie B HapY)KHOii H Cpe.lI.HE'If 060JlO'IKaX 6e.lI.peHHOH
apTepHII.
COCY.lI.bl nOJlOCTei'I, lIanplIMep, 6plOwHaSI qaCTb HH)J(Heli nOJlOH
BeHbl (Franklin a. McLachlin, 1936), BopoTHaSI BeHa, nelJeHO'lHaSI
apTeplISI (I3. K. HC'.lI.3BC'UKIIi'I, 1894; A. 11. Y.lI.HHUOBa, 1912; Mal-
mejac, 1939) Ii l1X pa3BCTBJlCHIUr B nC"leHl1 (D.aHIleJlb H npl1'lap.lI.,
1950, 1951), nOJlY'laIOT cocY.lI.OcY)[{I1BalOmHe HepBbl 113 CMewaHHbIX
HepBHblx CTBOJlOB, B KOTopble OHH B CBOIO o'lepe.lI.b npHXO.lI.SIT Ii3
V3J10B COJIHellHOro CnJleTeIlHSI.
. COCY.lI.bl rOJIOBbl - COHlIaSI apTepHSI II ee BeTBH - cHa6>KeHbl
CHMnaTlI'ICCKHMII Ba30KoHcTplIKTopaMII, nO.lI.XO.lI.SIw.IIMH K HHM B co-
CTaBe CMewaHHblX HepBoB (M. I-I. J1ammcKHH, 19056; rOJlbBHTuep-
Meiiep II 31(XapT, 1935). COCY.lI.bl KO)j<H, CJlH3HCTblX 060JlO'leK Ii MblIllU
rOJlOBbl, COCY.lI.bl M03ra, ero COCY.lI.HCTbIX cnJleTeHHii H 060JlO'leK, co-
Y.lI.bl KO>KII, KOCTCi-i, KOCTlIoro M03ra H MblWU BepxHeH KOHe'lHOCTH
Ii mHTOBl1.lI.HOii >KeJle3bI cOKpamalOTcH npH pa3.lI.pa)J(eHIIH 3Be3.lI.'laTOrO
Y3J1a H nepl1<pepH'leCKHX HepBoB, nOJlY'lalOmHX OT Hero CHMnaTH'le-
CKHe BOJlOKHa (Gilding, I 932)_
COCY.lI.bl HH>KHHX KOHe'lHOCTeH cOKpamalOTcSI npH pa3.lI.pa>KeHHIi
6plOillHOH CHMnaTH'leCKOH uenOlJKH (Franke, PelI.lI.aJlJl, ROKC, AJle-
KCalI.lI.ep H XepUMaH, 1950), paBHo KaK H Bcex HepBOB IIH>KHHX KOHe'l-
HOCTeH, B COCTaF KOTOpblX BXO.lI.HT CHMnaTH'leCKHe BOJlOKHa (c. B. J1e-
287'
BaWOB, 1879a, 6, B; H. E. EropoB, 1892, 1893a, 6; r. nHOTpOB-
CKUH, 18Y4; Downman, Goggio, McSwiney H 5IHr, 1943/1944).
3aKJIIOlleHlUI 0 cocy.n.OCY>KIIBdlOll1.eii <PYHKLI.HH BOJlOKOH - Heii-
pHTOB KJleTOK CHMnaTWleCKHX Y3J10B - no.n.TBep>K.n.aIOTCH MHoro-
llllCJleHHbIMU Ha6mo.n.eHHHMIl Ha.n. cOCy.n.HCTbIMH peaKLI.HHMH npH y.n.a-
JleHHH 3THX Y3JIOB HJlH npn ncpepc3Kc CIlMnaTHllecKnx HepBHbIx BO-
JlOKOH. OocJle A. O. BaJlbTepa (1 42) H KJlo.n.a I3epHapa (1850,
1852) aHaJlorulllIble Ha6.'1IO.n.eHuH c.n.e,,1aHbl LI.e.abIM pH.n.OM aBTopoB.
H. M. Bep3HJlOB (1896a, 6, B), OaraHO (1900) II J1eHrJlH (1922,
1923b) BH.n.eJlH, lITO Bce COCYJIJICTbIe pcaKWfII 3a.n.HHX KOHellHOCTeH
HClle3aJlH npH Y.Ila.'1CHHH 6PIOWHOii CHMnaTlilleClmii LI.enOllKH. Hx
.n.aHHbIe He.IlaBHO no,nI3Cp'u1.'IU <l>OJlbKOB, WTpeM n YBHec (1950).
H. <1>. nonoB (1932) lIe MOl' BbI3BaTb pa3;J.pa}l,eHHeM MCCTHbIX
HepBOB CY>KeHUH COCY.IlOB KHwellHHKa B C,,1Yllae, eC.'1H Y3J1bI COJlHell-
HOro CnJleTeHHH 6bI,lJI y.n.a.'leHbI, a I3apKpo<pT II XaMUJlbTOH (1948)
OTMeTliJlH nOJlHOe OTCYTCTBHC COCy.n.HCTOH peaKIUIH nepeJI.Hefi JlanbI
nOCJle ee .n.ecm.maTH3aIum. TmKeJlbIe HapyweHHH Ba30MOTOpHbIX pe-
aKLI.HH, BbIpa>KalOlll.HeCH B napaJlHlle cOCy.n.HCTbIX MbIWLI., BH.n.eJlH
WTaJlb (1924), KaxY3aI{ H fY3H (Cahuzac et Gouzy, 1944),lv\' D.. Wy-
JlYTKO (1949) H H. r. AJlbnepOBUlJ (1950).
TaKoe nOCTOHHCTBO H YHliBepcaJlbHOCTb .n.cikTBHH CHMnaTlIlle-
CKHX BOJlOKOH Ha cOCy.n.HCTYIO CTeHKY npHBCJlH HeKoTopbIX HCCJle-
.n.oBaTCJleH K B3rJlH.n.y lIa cHMnaTHllccKYIO LI.cnOllKY I(3K Ha e.n.HHCTBeH-
HbIH nYTb 3<pq,epeHTHbIx BOJlOKOH .n..1H COCY,J,HCTbIX pe<pJleKCOB (Bacq,
Brouha H XeiiMaHc, 1933, 1934; Bernthal a. Motley, lY45).
O.n.HaKo Ha6:IIO.n.eHHH KCHHoHa C cOTpy.n.HHKaMII (Cannon,
Newton, Bright, Menken a. Moore, 1929) Ha.n. >KUBOTHbIMn, y KOTOpbIX
6bIJlO npoH3Bc.n.eHo .n.BycTopmlHee y.n.a,,1cHlIe cHMnaTHllecKOII LI.e-
nOllKII OT BepxHero weiiHoro .Il0 Ta30BbIX Y3,,10B, nOKa3aJlH, IITO 3TlI
>KHBOTHbIe 6J1aronoJlY ' 1H0 >KHJlII B Jla60paTopHH, 1I0pMaJIbHO BbInOJl-
HHH 06bIIIHbIe lPYHKLI.HII. PC3YJlbTaToM TaKoii onepau.IIH 6bIJI TO.1bKO
napaJIHll MbIWLI., no.n.HHMalOll1.HX BOJIOCbI (y TaKHX >K1II30THbIX 3MO-
LI.HH, .n.a>Ke CHJlbHaH, lIe BeJJa K no.n."beMY BOJlOC), H OlJeHb 60JlbWaH
1:J:YBCTBHTeJlhHocTb K BHewHcH TeMnepaType - npH nOHII>KeHHH ee
>KHBOTHble 6bICTpO TCpHJlH TenJIO_
D.pyniMII CJIOBaMH, .n.BYCTOPOHHHH LI.enOllelJHaH CUMnaT3KTOMHH
npHBeJla y >KHBOTHbIX TOJlbKO K napaJlHllY MbIIllLI., no.n.HHMaiOlll.HX
BOJlOCbI, H K HapyweHulO COCY.IlIiCThIX peaKlluii KO>KU npH coxpaHc-
HHH TaKOBbIX BHYTpeHHHx opraHoB.
n03>Ke HaJlHIIHe cOCy.n.IICTbIX peaKwlii y clIMnaT3KToMHpoBaHHbIx
)l{HBOTHbIX no.n.TBep.n.HJIH P03eH6,,110T II KCHHOH (1934).
\-\ 0 HaJlUIIHH «HeCIIMnaTll'leCKUX» Ba30KOHCTpHl<TOpOB 3aKJlIOllalOT
H nllHKCTOH, napTliHITOH II P03CHO.1IOT (Pinkston, Partington a. U
P03eH6J110T, 1936), 06HapY>KII13wlIe COCYJlJ1CTblC peaKLI.uH Y>KHBOT-
HbIX, Y KOTOpbIX 6bIJla npoH3Be.n.eHa nOJlHaH CHMnaT3KTOMlIH no
cnoc06y KCHlloHa.
I3POYH H }\\aiiKOK (l\\aycock, 1940) YCTaHOBHJlH, IITO y CliMnaT-
3KTOMHpoBaHHbIx KoweK npc06J1a.n.aeT Ba30.!l.H.lIHTaLI.UH, cOnpOBO>K-
288
;I,alO a5J COKpa ellll5J CKe.'leTHbL\. :\lbIWU.. O.D.llaKU 3TH me aBTopbl
YKa3blB3IOT II lIa COXpalll'lIl1e Y TaKIIX )I{lIBOTHbIX Ba30KOHCTpHKTO-
pOB, KpOMe Tex, KOTopbll' II.D.YT B COCTaBe CI1:\'1I1aTH'leCKOii ItenoLIKH.
K BbIBOJ:Y, LITO 1111 O.D.IIH 113 COBpeMeHllblX cnOCOOOB CIIMnaT3KTO-
Mllii He npl1BO.D.HT K 1I0.1IIIO:\'lY BblK.rIlO'IelIlHO CIIMnaTII'IeCKI1X npOBO.D.-
HHKOB, npllw.'lll Peii 11 KOIICO!IP (Ray a. Console, 1942). Y.D.amI51
no pa3Hbl:\'l nOBO.D.a:\'l y .!IIo,'l.l'ii napaBl'pTe6paJlbllYI0 CliMnaTJILlecKYIO
llenO'IKY, 01111 OTMeTlfJIII, '1TO BU Bcex CJlY'Ja5JX TaKI1X onepau.IIH
OCTaCTCH clI:\maTlJlleCKl1ii nYTb J::IH COCY;J.IICTbIX pl'aKlwii B Kome
111u.a, TYJlOBII a, BCPXIII1X H IUDKIIIIX KOHC'IlIOCTeiP.
B 061:oHCHCIIHe npllLIlI1I 3THX 51B:lellllii lIa1l.0 npllH5JTb .D.Ba 00-
CT05JTeJlbCTBa_ Ha IIepBol' B CBoe Bpl'M5J YK33alI0 E. H. CnepaHcKoH-
CTenaHoBOH (1926a, 6), KOTOpa51 oOHapymllJla nepexo.D. LIaCTif CI1M-
naTlJlleCKliX BOJlOKOII .D.!IH 3a.D.IIIlX KOHeLIHocTeii lIa npoTl1BOnOJlOm-
HYIO CTOPOHY. B lIaCT05l el' BpeM5J Mbl C nOJlHbIM npaBoM MomeM
CLIIlTaTb, lITO TaKaH llBYCTOpOIlII5JH CIl:\'lIlaTIl'll'CKaH IlHHepBaUHH
cOCY.D.llCTblX MblWU. IlMCeTC5J nOLITH BO Bcex 06JIClCTHX TeJla.
B 3TOll CB5J3Il, KpO:\Il' Toro, lIa.l.O ynOM5JHYTb 11 .D.aIlllble II. C. KOH-
llpaTbcBa (1926) II KYHTU.a 11 A.llcKCall.D.epa (1950), nOKa3aBWI1X,
'ITO 1l:\ICIOTC5J Jt06aBollllble CII:\HIaTI1'Il'CKlle Y3.1bl, :le}J{a l1l' KHYTPH
01' CII:\HIaTliLIeCKoii Ill'nO'IKII, napa.a:le.JI bHO eH. 3TH JtOo3BOLIllble Y3.1b1
nO.'lY'JalOT npCraHrJIJlOllapllbIl' Bo.rIOKlla 01' lIeCKO:lbKI1X KopeWKOB.
HeiipliTbI IlX KJleTOK pacnpOCTpallHIOTC5I BO BHYTPCIIIIHX oprallax
He3aBIICIl:\10 01' BOJlOKOIl caMoii CIIMnaTlflll'CKOii nenOllKlI, H.D.Y HX
B CIIIma.1LllblX lIepnax. Opll Y.D.a:lClIlI1I CII:\'IlIaTII'ICCKOii llenOLIKII
nepepblBa 3TIIX nYTeli lie IIaCTy"al'T.
Ihopol' OOCT05JTCJlLCTBO, paBllbIM 06pa30M cy eCTBelllloe no OT-
HOWelll1IO K BHYTpelIllIIM uprallaM, 3aK.1IIOlJaeTC5I B .D.aHHblX p5J.D.a
aBTopOB OTIIOCIlTe.rlbHO YlJaCTI15J B .D.BllraTc.ahHoii IIHlIcpBalUUI COCY-
,;I.OB II I1eiipOHOB IIHTpaMypa:1 LllblX )-'3:1013.
TaK, l\.. C. LI.orCJlh (1899) nOI\a3a.1I lIa CBOIIX npenapaTax, LITO
.n.BllraTl'.1bHblC HepBllbll' K:leTKII Y3.10B CTl'IIKII cep;J.lla nOCbl.'lalOT CBOH
HeiipllTbl K :\lblweLIllbl:\1 3Jle:\'lellTa:\'l apTcpllii II apTepllOJl. HaoJlIO.D.e-
HII5J A. C. 110rc.rI5I n no. lIloii :\1l'pe nO,'l.TBl'p)!Ul'lIhl By.1.1ap;J.0:\1 (1926)
II KpITIJ.e:\1 (1929).
31'01' me cpelloMclI 0611apY}KeU n nll el3apIlTl'.llbIloM TpaKTe
H. O. 3a6ycoBbl:\1 (1913), 1 I. (I). IIBa 1I0Bbl:\1 II T. H. Pa.D.OCTlmOH
(l935a), a lIe;wnllO II r. c. JIeTllIIK-CaTloKoBOii (1951). OH me no.D.
TBep}K.a.eu ll.D.e KaCTpo (1926) I1a npH:\'Il'pe KapOTl1.D.Horo napar3HrJlH5J.
K CO)l{aJleHIlIO, 31'01' III1Tcpeclleiiwllii Bonpoc lie npllBJleKaeT
K ccoe .D.OCTaTo'llIoro BIIIIMallll51 IICCJle:lonaTeJlell. 003TOMY MbI 11.0 CHX
nop He mleeM IlCllepnblBalO IIX CBl'J.CIlIIii OTHOCIITC.'lbHO Toro, pac-
npe,'l.e.TJ5JlOTC5J JIB IlciipllTbl I{.1ICTOK IlIlTpaMypa.'lbIlbIX Y3.IIOB TOJlbKO
B COKpaTIlTe.'lLllblX 3.'lC:\1eIlTax opralla 11.111 0111I IHIHepBllpYIOT II CO-
KpaTllTc.TJbHblC 3.1e:\1CIITbI ero COCY.D.OB. OpaB,'la, Mbl ceiiLIac 3HaeM.
1 .1\\1,1 lie p:J3.'l. e . 1H l'M B3r.1H'\OB PeH II KOIICO:Il' lIa nOKa3<11111H K onepallllHM
Ha llepBllOiI l"IICTeMl' Y 'J1'.IOBCKa. MI,l C'IIITal'M. 'ITO IJlIII;\Y TH>Ke.1bIX nOl',1e11-
CTBlli't TaKIiX onepaUllit, nOKa3allllH K IIIIM ,'j,O:I>Kllbl 6blTb pe3Ku Orpallll'lelibi.
19 T. A. rpuropbCBa 289
1JTO MblWe 1 IIIble 3.11eMeHTbi CTCHOK OpraHOB, 06.11a.ll.alO HX IHlTpaMY-
paJIbHblMH Y3J1aMI1, cHa6meHbl OKOH1JaHHHMH H OT HCHpHTOB CIiMnaTI1-
1JeCKI1X K.IIeTOK (11. (}:>. I1BaHoB 11 T. H. Pa.ll.OCTI1Ha, 19356; E. 5I. Ko-
pblTHblH, 1951). Ha 3TOM OCHOBaHIIII l\Ib1 MomeM np£'.lI.nOJlOmllTb H
06paTHoe, '-ITO MblWe'lHble 3J1eMellTbI COCYj],OB opraHoB, l pOMe CI1'I-
naTH'IeCKIIX, nO.llY'IaIOT )1Bl1raTe.llI,HblC' BO.llOKHa 11 OT K.neTOK HH-
TpaMypa.llbHblX Y3".OB. npl1Be.ll.eHHblC BblIll£' pa60Tbl (A. C. Llore".I"
1899; BY.IIJlap.ll., 1926; KYHTU, 1929; H. n. 3a6ycoB, 1913; H. (}:>.I1Ba-
HOB 11 T. H. Pa.ll.OCTllIIa, 19356; E. 5I. KOPbITHblti, 1951) YKpenJlHIOT
3TO npe.n.nOJlOLKeHl1e.
O.ll.HaKO Ha.ll.O OTMCTIITb, lITO B HaCTOHIll.Ce Bp£'MH Mbl- He I1MeeM
HI1KaKI1X 60.llee BeCIUlX OCHOBaIlIIii .lI.JlH cym}J,eHl1ii 0 CPYHKIlHOHaJIb-
HOM 3Ha'leHHI1 3TI1X OKaH'IllBaIO IIXCH B MbiWe'lllblX 060.TJO'lKaX cocY-
.lI.OB OTpOCTKOB HepBHblx K.IIeTOK IIHTpaMypa.llbHblX Y3.110B.
PeWeHl1e 3Toro Bonpoca npl1.l1.eT caMO cc60A, nOCJe Toro KaK
6y.lI.yr nepecMoTpeHbl B CBeTe COBpeMeHHOH naBJlOBCKOH cpll3110JlOrHil
Bce CTapble 11 HOBbie cpal Tbl, KacalO HeCH BerC'TaTI1BHOH HepBHoii
CHCTeMbl, II, B lJaCTHOCTlI, 6Y.ll.eT YCTallOBJleHa CPYIIKIlI1OHa".bHaH
paBH03Ha'iHOCTI, HeifpOHOB CHMnaTH'IeCKIiX II napaCI1MnaTlI'IeCKI1X
Y3.110B.
Tor.ll.a MomHO 6Y.ll.CT CKa3aTb, 'ITO MbIIlle'lHaH KJleTI a COCY.lI.HCTOH
CTeHKI1 nO.llY'IaeT .lI.BllraTe.llbHble BO.llOI<Ha OT MOTopHoro HetipoHa,
BblHeceHHoro 113 ueHTpaJlbllOii HepBHOH CIlCTeMbl H pacnO.llO}KeHHOrO
11J111 B Y3J1ax CIlMnaTl1lJeCKOH nOrpaHI1'1HOii nenO'IIUl, IIJIlI .lI.HCTa.llb-
Hee ee - B aBTOHOMllblX Y3.11ax nOJIOCTIl llepena, B npeBepTe6pa..b-
HblX II IIHTpaMypa.llbllblX Y3..ax. Tor.ll.a me MomHO 6Y.ll.eT CKa3aTb,
'ITO Y'JacTl1e B .lI.BHraTeJlbliOH IIHllcpBaH1I1I cocY.lI.OB pa311blx BereTa-
TI1BHblX Y3J10B - UenO'le'lllbIX II I1I1Tpalllypa".bllblx (O.ll.1I0BpeMeIIHO),
C O.ll.HOH CTOpOHbl, 06ecne ' IllBaeT TO, liTO Ita3Ball0 11. n. naB.IIOBblM
MeXaIm l leCKI1M HMMYlIl1TeTOM, C .lI.pyroii )! e - CJlY}KIIT B03'\10)!{H0-
CTHM paCWHpCHHH CBH3eH C uellTpa.llbHOii HepBHOH CI1CTeIllOlf, 'IeM
C03.l1.alOTCH YC.IIOBHH .lI.JIH lIal1.11Y'lIll£'ro OCYIll.eCTB.IICIIIIH COCY.ll.l1CTbIX
peaKUl1ii B He06xo.ll.W lblX .lI..1151 opraHH3Ma B Kam}J.blii J1aHHbllf MOMeHT
pa3Mepax.
KaK HCHO 113 Bcero CKa33HHoro, B Bonpoce 0 COCYJ1I1CToii n01J.BH)! -
HOCTI1 nO.llHOCTI,IO peillelia Ta ero 'IaCTI" KOTopaH KacaeTCH COCY,J,O-
CY}KHBalOlJl.ero BJlI1HHII5I TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIX CIiMnaTJIlleCIUIX BO.llOKOH,
T. e. OTpOCTKOB HeiipOHOB, paCnOJIO)!{eHlIblX B Y3.11aX nOrpaHlilJHOii
ll.enOlJKII Ii B npeBepT£'6pa.lbHbIX Y3.l!ax.
Y CTaHOB.IIeHHblii )!{e MOpqJO.llOrH'ICCKHIf tlJaKT Y'laCTIIH B IiIlHepBa-
UHI1 MblWe'lHbIA 3J1eMCIITOB COCY.ll.OB .lI.BlIraTe.llI,HbIX K.TJeTOK IiIlTpaMY-
paJlbHblX Y3.110B He Hawe,. ew.e CBoero npaBli.llbHOrO cpII3liO.llOrli'le-
CKOro TOJlKOBaIlIlH. E. K. n.ll£,llKOBa 1941) Ha nplIM£'pe cep.lI.ua C'III-
TaeT 3TO Bblpa}KeHlieM aHTarOHI1CTI1'1eCKOii I1HHCpBaUIllI KopOHap-
HblX COCY.ll.OB. 1\1HOrJIC cpl13110JlOrli BbICKa3bIBalOTCH B TaKOM )! e .lI.yxe
no OTHOIlleHl11O K cocytJ.aM cep}J.ua (Anrep a. SegaIl,1926; LlaHl1e.TJO-
no.llY, 1\1apK)' 11 npOKa, 1!:J31a, b; fO.llbBIITUep-Meiiep II KplOrep,
!935; 11. A. 5apbIIllHIlKOB, I-I. B. 5cKaypl1 Ii E. A. 1\1011CeeB, 1949)
290
II J1erKl1X (Cavazzani, 1891). O)J.HaKo BceMIl IIMl1 B tP1131IOJl0rl1'1e-
CKIIX 3KcnepllMeHTax )J.onycKaeTC5J O)J.IJa H Ta )!{e MeTO)J.11'1eCK8H
oWH6K8 - DIU! cpaBHIIB8JOT 3qxpCKTbl pa31J.pa}J{eHl1S1 CIIMnaTH'IeCKHX
Y3J10B 11J111 HeMpHToB l1X KJleTOK C T8KOBbIMil >Ke OT p83)J.pa>KeHH5I
6J1Y)!{1J.8JOllwro HepBa HB wee, He Y'I HTbIBa 51 , 'ITO B nepBOM cJlY'Iae
OHl1 p83,'1,pa>K810T nOCTr8I1r.'1110H8pHbIe, a BO BTOpOM - nperaHrJl110-
H8pHble BOJlOKHa. KpOMe TOro, HeKOTOpbIl' 113 Hl1X (VI. A. 5apbIWHl1-
KOB, H. B. 5alwypll H E. A. MOllceeB, 1949) He Y'IlITb1B810T CJIO>K-
Horo COCTaBa nepmpepll'leCKIIX HepBOB H B 1J.P)roM OTlIOWeHHl1.
5J1Y>K)J.8JO Hii HepB, B 'I8CTHOCTII, KpOMe )J.BllraTeJlbHblX BOJlOKOH
K CKeJIeTHbIM MblwuaM IIlIIlI.CBO)J.a, ropTaHIl 11 3eB8 II '1YBCTBl1TeJlb-
HbIX K UeJlOMY PH)lY opr8HOB, CO)J.ep>KIIT CIlI.e nper8Hr"lHOHapHble BO-
J10KHa K IIHTpaMypaJIbHblM Y3J18M cep)J.H8, JlerKIIX II nl1 eB8pl1TeJlb-
Horo TpaKT8 II nOCTraHrJIHOHapllbIe BOJIOKIJa 113 BepxHero weMHoro
Y3J18, H8 '1TO YKa3bIB8JIII Kl1W lKiss, 1931) H E. 5I. KOpblTHblH
(1951). CJIO}J{HbIi'1 COCTaB 6JIY>K)J.8JO ero HepBa 113Y'leH B pa60T8x
XeMH6eKepa II O'JIIIPl1 (1933) II 5. A. LI.oJlro-C86YPOB8 (1937a, 6
H 1938). CocY)J.OCY>KIIB8TeJIH )J.JI51 JIerKOrO 06H8py)!{eHbI B 6J1Y>K-
;J,81OIlI.eM HepBe B. B. Hl1KOJIaeBbIM (1902).
T81{J1M 06pa30M, pewellHbIii B 06 eM BII)J.e BOllpOC 0 HepBax-cocy-
)J.OCY)!UlBaTeJUIX e e BO MllonD. OTHOWeHl1HX HY}J{)J.aeTCH B JJ.op860TKe
H YTO'lHeHlIlf. Bonpoc}J{e 0 HepBHblX MeX8HH3M8X B830)J.HJlHT8L1.l1l1
)J.O Cl1X nop npe)J.cT8BJIHeT c060ii 06.JJaCTb )lOr8)J.OK, nmOTe3 II
npe)J.nOJlO>KeHHM.
BPH)J. JIH KTO-H116Y)J.b CeH'I8C IIpl1Coe)J.l1H1ITCH K OnTHMl1CTl1'1ecl<OMY
BbICK83bIB8Hl1JO M. OOJlKOB8 (1874) 0 TOM, '1TO «cpH3110Jl0rl15J COCYJJ.o-
)lBl1r8TeJlbllblX lIepBOB )lOCTllrJJa Toii CTl'neHH 38KOHqeHHOCTl1, '1TO
MO)!{eT 6blTb cpaBHHBaeMa C )lPYnIMII, XopOWO II3Y'IeHHbIMl1 OT)J.e-
J1aMII CPH3110Jl0rl1I1».
K8>K)J.bIM, KTO XOT5J HeMHoro 3HaKOM C TeM pa3)J.eJlOM Y'IeHfIH
o COCY)J.0)J.Bllr8TeJlhHbIX HepBax, KOTOpblii KacaeTCH Ba30)J.IIJlHT8L1.l1H,
3H8eT, H8CKOJlbl<O 011 nOJIOH npOTlIBOpe'llfii 1I p83HOrJlaCHM JJ.a>Ke no
C8MblM OCHOBHblM nVIIKTaM.
113J18raH Bonpoc - B l1CTOpH'IeCKOii nOCJIe)J.OB<lTeJlbHOCTl1, HY>KHO
OTMeTIITb, '1TO Wmpcp (Schiff, 1855), 3aMeTIIB, '1TO npIl B036Y>K)J.eHl1H
>KIIBOTHOro ero npe)J.BapllTe.TIbI!O )leCIfMnaTH3HpOB8I1H0e yxo Kp8C-
HeeT 60JlbWe, 'lell1 HOpMaJlbHOe, BblCKa3aJl npe)J.HOJlO>Kelll1e, '1TO eCTb
cocytJ.Op8CWHp5JJOIll.lle HepBHble BOJIOKHa II qTO II)J.YT OHII He no CHM-
n8TH'IeCKoMY HepBY.
II, )J.eikTBHTe. 1 ILHO, BCKope KJlo)J. 5epllap (1858) 06Hapy>lUlJl p8C-
IllIlpeHlle COC)'1I.0B nO,'l.qe;I1oCTlloii >KeJIe3bl npl1 pa3)lp8>KeHII11 nepH-
cpepllqeCKOrO KOHua nepepe3811HoH 6ap808HHOii CTPYHbI, nO)J.TBep)J.HB
TeM caMbIM JJ,ora)J.KY Wml)(IJa. 4epe3 IIHTh JIeT 3Kxap)J.T (1863) TO >Ke
cal\lOe yn8HOBlf.11 no OTHoweHll1O I{ nn. erigentes. P83.apa>KaH nepH-
cpepl1qecKllii KOlleu O)J.HOro 1I3 3TIIX HepBOB nOCJle ero nepepe3Kl1,
OH BlI)J.eJl pe3Koe KpOBeHanOJIIICHl1e neIlI.CpllCTbIX TeJI. 38TeM BYJlb-
n118H (1875) II peH (187Gb), np0113B01J.H 3KcnepHMl'HTbl - nepBbIii
C H3bI'IIIbIM HepBOM, BTOpoii - C 5J3bIKOrJlOTO'lHbIM, p8BHbIM
19*
291
oopa30M Bbl5lCIIHJIH, lJTO pa3)].pa/KClIlle []CpllcpCplilJeCKIiX KOHLlOB
3TUX HepBOB BC)].eT K paCWUpCHlIIO COCY)J.OB 513bIKa.
Cpe)].fI IICCJIC)J.OBaTeJIeli B03HIIK cnop OTHOCIiTC'.lLIIO !\ICXaIl1l3Ma
3TOii peaKLlIiH. lllmjxp ClJIITa.'I, lJTO B 6apa6alllloii CTpYIIC cO)].ep/KaTC5I
BOJIOKHa, KOTOpblC nO)J.XO)J.51T K MblWellIlblM 3JICMOITaM MeJIKIIX apTe-
pUM. OKaHlJIIBalOTC5I Ha III1X II npll B036Y>K)].eHIlII 3aCTaBJI5IIOT IIX
Y)].JIUH5ITbC5I, lJTO fI Bbl3bIBaeT YBCJIUlJeHIlC npOCBeTa apTepflii, T. e.,
UHalJe rOBOp5l, lITO rJIa)J.KOMbIWClllla51 KJICTKa MO>KeT no)]. BJIfl5IIIfleM
HepBHora UMnYJIbCa aKTIIBHO Y)].JllIImTbC5I.
lllHctJcpy 6b1"111 BblCKa3aHbI rap5Jlme B03pa/KCHII5I. 5blJI0 YKa3aHO,
'ITO era £I pe)!.CTaBJIell Ii 51 lIaXO)].51TC5I B pe3KOM npOTlIBOpellll1l C Te .
'ITO H3BeCTII0 OTHOCHTCJIhHO )J.CiiCTBH5I IICpBOB lIa MbIWLlY, Ii lITO 011
npflnflCblBaCT MblwnaM cnoc06110CTb, KOTOpa5lllM a6COJIIOTHO lie cBoii-
CTBeHHa. Oc06eHHo nO)].lJepKflBaJIOCb, lJTO ymep>K)].elllie lllmp:pa,
6Y)].TO MbIWelJllblC BOJIOKlla COKpa mOTC5I no)]. BJIH5IHlieM O)!.III1X Hep-
BOB, a Y)J.JIHH5lI0TC5I noD. B.TIlf5l1l1ll'M ){pymx, 51BJI5ICTC5I COBcpweHHO
HeBep05lTHbI .
B pe3YJIbTaTe 3TOn CIi.'lbHOII onn03HI{1I11 K"10;r. 5epllap, KOTOpbIH
nepBOIll1 l JaJI LIIO npH)].ep/KHBaJIC5I TOl[KH 3pelI1I5I lllllcp:pa, CTaJI no-
)].pyraMY 06"b5lCII5ITb Mexallfl3M )].eiicTBII5I cocy)].opacwllp5llo IIX lIep-
BOB. B TellCHlle )].HCKYCCIlIi BbI5lCIIII.:JOCb, lITO BO.l0KIJa 6apa6allHoii
CTPYHbl He )].OCTllraIOT lIenocpe)!.CTBellHO 3JIeMCIITOB COCY)].OB nO)].l/e-
JIIOCTHOM )I{CJIe3LI, 110 OKl1l1lJHBaIOTC5I lIa rallrJIII03HhlX KJIeTKaX, pac-
nOJIO/KCHHbIX B Y3.'rax, 3aKJIIOlJellllblX B napellXIiMC opraHa. 3TO >Ke
6blJI0 06HapY/KCIIO II no OTHOlllellllIO I{ SJ3bllJlI0 Y H 513bIKor.1JOTOlIll0!\IY
HepBaM. HaKOlleLl, J10BCII (Loven, 1866) nOKa3aJI, lJTO n. erigens
co)!.ep)l{JIT no CBOCMY xO)!.Y Y3JIbI H MIIOrOl/HCJIellllble HepBHble
KJIeTKIl .
BYJlbnHaH (1875), nOD.Bo)!.51 liTOI' IICCJIC,J.OBaIU15IM B )!.aHHoii
06JIaCTfI, n!IWC'T, lITO COCYllopaClUllpmOlIUIC' HCpBbI Ill' 51BJl5lI0TC5I
8HTarOllHCTaMil COCY)].OCY/KIIBl110 IIM H OKall l llIBalOTC5I 01lI1 lie lIa
MbIwellHbIX 3JleMeHTax COCYJI,OB, a B IICpBllhIX Y3.1ax, KJlCTKIl KOTOpbIX
nOCblJIalOT CBOII OTpOCTKIl K MbIWIW'\1 CUCY)I)ICTbIX CTeHOK. MexaHII3M
:>Ke )].eiicTBII5I cocYllopaClUllpmOIl{IIX BO.rIOKOII I3YJIhnllall npe):{no.l0-
:>KHTeJIbHO 06"b5lCII5IC'T TCM, lITO 011I1 YrHC'TaIOT :J.eiicTBIIC' HCPBOB-COCY-
){OCY/KUBaTC.'leli.
HeCOMIIC'HIIO, lIJJ.e51 0 B03MO)l{(JOCTII CV CCTBOBallll51 cneUlla.1b-
'HblX HepBOB-paCWllpIITC'JIcii COCY):{OB l3.na,!J.c.Tia rO.1JhTLlPM (1874), Kor):{a
OH npOH3BO!l.II:1 lIall. Ce'la:IIf HbI'\l HCpBOM c06aKil onblTbl, B pe3YJlb-
TaTe KOTOpblX np"wc.1 K BhIBO):{Y, lITO nCpml1l'pll l lCCKIlC HepBbl CO-
.lI,Cp/KaT, lIap5l):{y C Ba30KOIICTpIlKTopaMII, II Ba30JJ.IlJI5ITaTOpbl.
KaK H3BeCTIIO, ):{aHllhle rOJIbTua n 3TOM )I,C ro,'l.Y 6blJIII onpOBepr-
HYTbl H. P. TapxallOBblM II OYTeii3ciicO'\I (187-1a, 6), KOTOpbIl' 113
CBOHX 3KcnepllMCHTOB cJJ.eJIaJIII "laK.TIIOlJCIIIIC, liTO Cl',J,aJIII lIblii HepB
COJI,ep/KHT TO.TILKO Ba30MOTOpllbiC COCYJJ.OCY)I{JIBmOll{lIe Bo.1JOKlIa,
'ITO Ba30D.IiJI5ITaTOpbl Ill' lIe06XOD.IiMbl ):{JI5I 06"b5lClle1IH5I pa3JIIIlJHblX
51FJIeHllii, lIa6JI10,'J.l1CMbIX B COCYJI,ax npll pa31pa/Kelllilf nepllcpcplllle-
CKoro KOllna 3Toro HepBa II 'ITO paCWllpC'III1C COCY):{OB II nOBblWCHlle
292
TeMnepaTypbI B OnbITaX fO.IILTua 51S.lI5Il0TC5I pe3Y.lIbTaTOM napa.IIHlJ3
COCYIlOCY>KIIBaJO I1X BO.IIOKOII nOCJIe HX nepepa3Ilpa>KeHH5I.
B IlaJlblleiiweM, OIlllahO, nOIlCKH Ba30IlH.lIHTaTOpOB B nepmpepH-
qeCKHX lIepBaX npOIlOJI>KaJIHCb.
A. A. OCTPOYMOB (1876) TaK>Ke C'IIIT3.II, 'ITO THmllJllbIe Ba30IlH.lIH-
TaTopbl - 6apa6aIHlaH cTpYHa, H3bl'lIIbUI H nOIl"bH3bIlJllbIH HepBbI-
IleHcTBYIOT, nOIllI>I\a51 TOIIYC sa30KollcTpIlKTOpOB. A. A.OCTPOYMOBY
npHHa.l1..IIe>KHT lIa6.IIJ01ll'1Il1l', 'ITO pa3;J.pa>Kl'IUle nl'pHctx'pHlJeCKOrO KOH-
ua CBe)!{enepepe3aBllora lIepBa B nepBbIl' 3-4IlHH IlaeT TO.IIbKO cY>Ke-
HHe cocY1l0B B 06.IIaCTH pa3BeTB.lIeHHH 3Toro BepBa. 3aTeM TaKoe >Ke
pa3Ilpa)!{eHHe Bbl3bIBaeT pacwHpcHHe COCYIlOB, a lIalJHHaH C weCToro
IlHH noc.lIe nepepe3KH, PCaJ{)lHH Ha pa3Ilpa>KeHHC nepIlctx'pHlJeCKoro
KOHua 370ra lIepBa OTcYTCTByeT. A. A. OCTPOYMOB C'IHTaJl, lJTO
Il.IIHTe.IIbIlOe pacwHpCIIIIC COCYIlOB noc.lIe nepepe3KH nepfl( epHlJeC-
Koro HepBa BbI3bIBaeTCH napa.IIII'IOM Ba30KOHCTpIlKTOpOB.
K npIl3HaJUII0 cy ecTBoBalllHI B 6e1lpeHHOM HepBe IlByX COpTOB
BO.IIOKOH - COCYIlOCY>KHBaJO HX H cocY1l0paCWlIp5II0 HX - CK.lIO-
HH.lIHCb C. B. J1esawoB (1879a, 6, B) H K. Ll3eIl3IOJlb (1880).
H. O. CHBUH.lIJIO (1897), YCTaHoBlIB, 'ITO nOIl'bH3bIlJHbIH HepB CO-
Ilep>KlIT COCYIlOCY}J{HBaIO He BO"10Klla, a H3bIKOr.IIOTO'lHblH H H3bl'l-
HbIH - COCYIlopacwllpmo lIc, nbITaJICH 06"bHCHHTb 3TO TeM, '1TO
Ba30KOHcTpHKTOpbl II Ba30IlH.lIHTaTOpbI 3aBeIlYIOT npOCBeTOM COCY-
1l0B pa3Hora KaJIll6pa. B 'WCTIIOCTH, npH pa3Ilpa>KeHHH 1lH.lIHTaTO-
pOB paCWHpmOTCH Me.IIb'laHIIJlle COCYIlbI, .lIe>KallI.He 6.IIH>Ke K nepH-
$-'pHII, 'I eM Te apTeplla.IIbllble BeTO'lKH, TOIIYC KOTOpblX paCC.lIa6J1HeTCH
nplI nepepe3Ke Ba30KOIICTplIKTOpOB. K 3THM >Ke BblBOllaM 11. O. CHB-
UH.II.lIO npHWe.II H B C.lIeIlYlo eH CBoeH pa60Te (1898).
B Ila.IIhHeiiweM M. H. J1anHHCI\Hii (1899) B pH1le TlllaTe.IIbHbIX
3KcnepHMeHToB (nepepe3Ka IlSHraTe.IIbHbIX KopewKoB CeIla.IIH Horo
HepBa, nepepe3Ka ero CTBO.IIa H CIlaB.lICHIIC ero .lIHraTypoii) 06Hapy-
>KH.II, '1TO nOBpe>KIleHHC nepH4Jcpll'leCKOro HcpBa BbI3bIBaeT .l1..IIH-
Te.IIbHOe pacwHpellHe cocY1l0B B HIIHepBHpyeMoH HM 06.IIaCTH, nOKa-
3aB TeM caMbIM, 'I TO nepmpepH'IeCKHii HepB COIlep>KHT TO.IIbKO Ba30-
KOHCTpHKTOpbI.
Bonpoc 0 caMOCTOHTe.TlbHOM CY CCTBOBaHHH B nepH4JepHlJeCKHX
HepBax cocYIlopaCWHpmO IIX BO.IIOKOH 06CY>KIla.IICH B pa60Tax
11. H. EblCTpcHlflla (1904, 1905) II J1. J1. ( O{ aHOBa (1908). 3aTeM
HHTepec K HeMy CTaJI yracaTL, II eIlHHlIlJHbIe pa60TbI B 3TOH 06.IIaCTli
(Anrep a. Evans, 1920) HlI'IerO 1I0Boro K era pa3peweHHIO Ill' npH6a-
BH.lIH_
OUellllBaH Bce 3TH lICC.lIellOBaHIIH, IIY>KIIO CKa3aTb, '1TO npaB
H. D. DaBJlOB (1912-1913) B CBoeM ymep>KIlenHH, 'lTococY1l0CY>KH-
BaIOllI.lIe HepBbI B KaKHe-HH6Y1lb 1leC5ITb .lIeT 6bl.IIH lIaHIleHbI .l1.JlH Bcex
opraHoB. 4TO >Kl' KacaeTCH cocYIlopaCWHpHIO HX, TO «3a 20 .lIeT
K 3TOii xopIle, HeCMOTp51 Ha OT'JaHHllbIe YCH.lIHH MHOrHX 4JH3HO.IIOroB.
6bI.lIH npHCOe1lHHeHbI TO.IIhKO IlBa lIepBa: n. lingua lis H n. erigens»l.
1 It. fI. naB.1 0 B,
H3.l\. 1949 f., CTp. 238.
J1eKUHII no ln3110.1onIH, 1912-1913 rr.,
293
KaK BLIWe )'Ka3aIl0, T3KIIM me cocyitopaCWllpmow.IIM no OTHowe-
HlHO K 513bIKY, KaK II n. lingua lis, HepBO:ll Olia3aJlC5I II n. glossopha-
ryngeus.
O;UWKO, HeCI\IOTp51 lIa TO, 41'0 IIpll pa3;\paLKeHIIII nepmpepll-
'1eCKIiX OTpe3KOil nn. chorda tympani, lingual is, glossopharyngeus,
erigens pacwllpclllle COCY,QOB B LOomeTcTBYIOW.IIX OUJlaCT5IX 06Ha-
pYLKIIBaJIOCL C 6U.JlbWIIM )[.TIll l\1eHbUlIlM nOLTUHHCTBOI\I, nOJlY4uTb
TaKoe :>Ke pacwllpeHlle npll pa3,J.paLKellllll nepmpepll'leCKIiX KOH OB
Bcex OCTaJlbHbIX llepBOB He y.a.aBaJlOCb. .Llpyrlll\lH C"10Ba;\lIl, Ba30;:l.IIJ1H-
TaUI15I npll pa3,QpmKeHlIII IlCHTpo6e>Kllb1X BOJlOKOH nepmpepll'leCKIiX
HepBOB B Ka'ICLTUe ymmepCaJlbllOrO lj>eHOMClla He cyw.eCfBOBaJla.
'K 3TOMY IlY:>KHO Jl06aBlITL, 41'0 nOCTenellllO BbI5IBIIJlaCL npIlH lmllaJlL-
HaH pa3mma B CTpYKType06bl'lllbIX ncpmpeplllJeCKIiX HepBOB II Hep-
BOB-Ba30J].IIJJ5lTaTOpOB. ObI.TIO YCTaIIOB;leHO, 'iTO COCY,QO,QBllraTeJlbHbIe
BOJlOKHa nOC.TIe;lIIHX HeJ].OCTliraJOT rJla,QKOlllblme'lHbIX KJleTOK COCY,QOB,
a OKaH'IIiBaJOTC5I lIa HCpBllblX K:leTliaX Y3J10B, BCTaBJleHHblX no HX
XO:ty, 51BJI5I5ICL no CYW.eCTBY nperaHrJmOHapHblMH J].J151 3TIIX Y3J10B.
KpoMe Taro, tJb:JIO YCTaHOBJlCHO TaIO!<C, lITO COCYJ].OJ BlIraTCJlbHble
1lepBbl. cO;tep>!>aUllleC5I 130 Beex OCTaJlbHblX IlcpmpepJilleCKUX Hep-
Bax, npC,1C1aB.;I5IlOT c060ii nOCTraHrJlIIOHapllblC BO.TIOlma CIiMnaTlI-
lJeCI<IIX Y3JIOB.
Do xo;W MIIOrOlJIlC.JleHllbIX IICCJlel(OBamlii, HanpaBJleHHblX Ha
nOIlCI<H cocY,QopacullIpmow.llx HepBoB, II COnpOBO>KJ].aBUllIX 3TH HC-
J1el(OBaml51 ,QIICKYCCliii Bbl5lCHIIJlaCb O,Qlla lUITepeCHClH Ii cyw.eCTBeH-
Ha51 J].eTaJlb.
KaK YKa3all0 BLlwe, cw.e 1111l!pq> (1853) BlI)lCJI, '1TO npH B036pK-
;:I.eH1I1I )1{lJBOTHOro ero npe.lI.BapllTeJlbHO .a.eclIMnaTll3l1pOBaHllOe yxo
KpacHecT 60JlbWe HOpl\laJlbHoro. 3aTC;\1 OH )lie 06HapYLKII':1 pacwlI-
peHlie COC)'J].OB )'xa npu pa3,'lpa)j{emlll eHTpaJlbHOro KOH a 3a,QHero
ylilHoro llepBa.
naIIlILle 1ll1ll1>4>a nOJ1.TBep.lluJl ClleJIJleH (Sllellen; npllBe,'leHO no
H. <l>.lJ.HOHY, 1874). o''lllaKO B 06'b5lCHe1I1IH 3Toro <jJaKTa OH He corJla-
CHJlC5I C 1ll1l<P<Poi\1, npl1I1lICbIBaBWUlII MblWUa;\l COCY.llOB OC06)'IO, MaJlO
Bep05lTII)'10 cnoc06HOCTb y;:l..mUi5ITbC5I, a peWHJI, '11'0 paCWllpeHue
COCY!lOB B J].aHHO:lI cJlY'Iae npow.e II y,J.oullee OTlIeCTIi lIa C'IeT pe4>J1eK-
TopHoro napaJlI1'1a COCY,1J.OCYLKllBalOw.IIX CIiMnanllJeCKHX HepBHblX
nOJlOI\OH.
CHOBa pa3ropeJlaCb nOJleMlII<a. 1111l4>4) OTCT,IHBaJl CBOIO TO'lKY 3pe-
11H5I, CCblJla5lCb Ha TO, '11'0 nepepe3Ka CHMnaTlIlJeCKIIX HepBCB HlIKOr.lla
He ,QaeT TaIWrO CIIJlbHOrO paCWllpeml5l COCY,QOB, KaK TO, KOTopoe
BbI3b1BaeTC5I B 3Toil >Ke 06J1acTlI pa3.a.p3LKelmel\l u.eHTpaJlbHOrO KOH a
pa3BeTBJl5I10w.erOC5I B HeH nepmpepll'leCKOrO HepBa.
Bonpoc OCTaBaJlC5I OTl<pbITbIM ,QO Tex nop, nOKa J10BeH (1866)
He nOBTOpHJI 31<cnepHMeHTa llllllixpa II CHeJlJleHa. OKa3aJlOCb, '1TO,
KpOMe paCWHpeHHH COCY,QOB, B 06J1aCTIi pa3BeTBJleHHii nepepe3aH-
HOro nepmpepHlJeCKOrO HepBa, eHTpaJlbHblii KOHeu. KOToporo pa3-
.llpaLKaJlC5I, Y )I{lfBOTHbIX Ha6J11O,'laeTC5I nOBbIweHHe 06w.ero KpOB5I-
Horo J].aBJleHH5I. KpOMe 1'01'0, OKa3a.TIOCb, 410 <paKT 3TOT BepeH He
294
"TOJlbKO no OTliOWeHiIIO K yxy, HO U no OTHoweHHIO KO BceM 06JlaCT5IM
"Te.la - pa3.Apameuue Ll.eHTpaJlbuorO J\OHLl.a JIlo60ro nepepe3aHHoro
nepmpeplflleCKoro HepBa Bbl3bIBaeT nOBblweHlle KpOB5IHOro ,1aBJle-
HI151 II pacwHpeHlle COCY OB B 06J1aCTU, r e pa3 pa)l{aeMbIH HepB pa3-
BeTBJl5IeTC5I CBOUMH '1YBCTBUTeJlbllbIi\UI BOJlOKHat\III.
B 06"b5lCHeHUU MexauH3Ma B031IIIKIIOnCIII15I 3Toro 51BJleHI151 JIoBeH
npllcoe;lIlHlI.aC5I K CHeJlJleHY, C'IIITaH, liTO Ba30,111J151TaUI1SI B 3THX
CJlY'Ia5lX 06513aHa pelpJleKTOplIO BbI3BaIlHOi\IY na ellluo TOHyca Ba30-
KOHCTpllI{TOpOB.
KO:\16I1HauIIH nOBbIllIeHlI5I 06 ero KpOB5IHorO aB"leIlH5I c paCIlII1-
peHUe:\1 COCY OB B 06J1a CTlI, IIHIICPBllpYCMOii neplHpepl1lfeCKUM Hep-
BOM, B03HHKaJo a51 B OTBeT ua pa3,1pameHile Ll.eHTpaJlbHOrO IWHua
3Toro lIepBa nocJle cro nepepe3KII, nOJlY'UlJla Ha3BaHI1e peqJJleKca
JIoBeHa.
B ,J.aJlbHeHllleM lpaKTbl, 06HapY}J{eHllbIc JIoBeHoM, 6blJlII nO,':\TBep>K-
AeHbl :\IHOrIlMI1 aBTopaMII, B TOM lIHCJle M. <PoH6eproM (1870),
11. .\\. .LI.ore.1e;\1 {1872), II. <P. Ll.1I0HO:\I (1873, 1874), BYJlbnl1aHoM
(1875), .IV\. H. JIanuHcKuM (192G) U p.
no CYlLI.eCTBY ,':\aHHbI£' OflblTOB fOJlbLl.a (1874) U A. A. OCTpoYl\loBa
(1876) J1er'le Bcero 06"b5lCHUTL TCM me MexaHU3MOM, KOTOpblH
Bbl3bIBaCT II pe(p.aeKc JIoBeHa.
B lIallle BpeM5I pClpJleKC .J1oBeua nO,':\TBep)l{J].eH EeHJlUCOM (Bay-
liss, 1931), II. A. AplllaBcKIIM C COTpY lIuKaMH (3. H. ApwaBcKa5l,
A. H. fOJlb,J.:\lau, C. II. HUKOJlaeBa, A. n. KplO'IKOBa, A. JI. Da.AY-
'leBa, B. Ll. P03aHoBa, 1947) U 3. 11. AplllaBcKoH (1948).
11. A. AplllascKuH C COTpYiJ.1I11Ka:\UI (1947) 06HapY>KHJI, 'ITO
pa3.ApaMelllJe UeHTpaJIblIOrO I{OHLl.a ncpmpepUlfeCKoro HepBa, OT alO-
ero CBOII 4YBCTBIITeJlbHbIe BOJIOKHa He TOJlbKO K KO>Ke, HO 11 K MbIIlI-
llai\I, Bbl3bIBaeT Ha cpOHe nOBblllIeHII5I 06 ero KpoBmlOro J].aBJJeHH5I
pacwupeHue COCY,':\OB, Hap5l.'l.Y C KO}Keii, 11 B MbIWILaX, HIIHepBupyeMbIx
nepepe3aHHblM HepBo:\l. KpOMe Taro, 3TII <lIHOpbl YCTaHOBUJll1, '1TO
pecpJIeKC JIoBeHa YCHJlU, BaCTC5I CCJlII J{ pa3 pa>KeIIHIO Ll.eHTpaJlbHOrO
KOHua nepepe3aHHoro nepllcpepUlfCCKoro HepBa npllcoe.n.HHUTb pa3-
JJ.pa}J{eHlIe pyrllx TaKIIX )l(e HepBon.
DblTa5lCb BCKpbITb I\1CXaall3M pet}ueKca JIoBeHa, I I. A. ApllIaB-
CKHH C COTpY;lHIIKaMH (1947) nepepe3aJl CIli\1naTII'IeCKHH HepB Ha wee.
DOJlY'IIIB B 3TO:\1 CJlYllqe OTCYTcTBlle pe(pJleKCa JIoseHa, OH pelll IJI,
'1TO atjxpepeHTHble lIi\WYJlbCbl (npl1 pa3,1pa}J{eHlIlI Ll.eHTpaJlbHOro KOHLl.a
nepHcpepH'IeCKOrO HepBa), eHcTBY5I Ha COOTBeTCTBeHHble OT eJlbJ
Ll.eHTpaJlbHou: HepBHoH CIICTeMbI, HaXO,':\51 lIeC5I B nOCT05lHHOM TOHI1-
'1eCKOM B036Y>KAeHHII U Bbl3bIBal0 ue 3THM cY>KeHHe COCY OB, ne-
peBoJ;51T 3TO B036Y>K.n.eHlle B TOpMO>KeIUie. EJlaro.n.ap51 3TOMY 11 Ha-
CTynaeT paCWl1peHlle COCY OB. 11. A. ApwaBcKHH C cOTpy.n.HHKaMH
(1947) nbiTalOTC5I YCMoTpeTb B pecpJleKCe JIoBeHa MexaHH3M C orpoM-
HbiM cpIl3110JlOrH'IeCKIIM 3Ha'leHHeM, TaK KaK C'IUTaIOT, '1TO OH 518-
J151eTC5I Mo.n.eJIblO «£pYHKLl.UOHaJlbHbIX nepepe30K» HepBOB, HMelOllI,HX
MeCTO B HOpMaJlbHOH MI13Helle5lTeJlbHOCTI1 opraHH3Ma H Ba>KHbIX J].J1SI
QCYW,eCTBJleHlUI }{OMHHaHTHbIX .peaKLl.lIll.
,295
COBpeMeHHa51 MOpl!JOJIOrIIH 06Jla,lJ.aeT B03MO>KIIOCTSJMII BCKpbITb
crpYKTypHbIe OCIIOBLI pCl!JJlCI,Ca !JOBeHa, onpe e.'lllTh ero IICTIIHH)'IO
CYIlI.HOCTb II BblCKa3aTh lIa OCIIOBalIlI1I 3Toro C006pa>KeHlle no nOBO;J.)'
ero lj)1I3110JIOrlllIeCKoro 3IIa 'lellIlH.
B npe.n.bI YIlI.lIX rJlaBaX 1!3J1mKeHO Bce, 'ITO KacaeTCH COBpeIlIeH-
HbIX Moplfx>JlOrIl'IeCKIIX cuc, elIllii 0 )J.BllraTe.'lbHOll lIHHepBaWIII COC)'-
,lJ.OB. 113 3THX CBe,lJ.eHuii BbITeKaCT, lITO ClIlImaTlI'IeCKHe BO.iIOKHa npll-
XO,lJ.5JT 13 lIenocpe)J.CTBelIHbIii KOHT3KT C r.'la;UWMblllle'lHblllfli 3J1 .ceH-
TaMlI COCY,lJ.HCTOii creIlKII )J.a}/\e 13 Tex cJI)''1aSJx. Iwr;J.a. KaK ::no rt\leeT
MeCTO 13 caMbIX KOHe'lHbIX apTepIlOJ'lax. 3TII 3.'leMeIITbl .'1e}/\aT 1I30-
JlHpOBaHHO.
B eCHMnaTH3HpOBaHHbIX opraHax MO}/\HO npOeJle IITb BCe
CTa,lJ.HH ,'I.ereHepaWIH cocy, 0,1BHraTe.'lbHbIX HepBOB.
OplI ,'I.eCIIMnaTII3aIllIII lIa npenapaTax XOpOlllO BII;J.HO, lITO, Ha-
pH,lJ.Y C nepepO>K;J.eHllelll lIepBlIblX BOJlOKOH, IIHHepBlIpYIOIlI.IIX COKpa-
l1TeJlbHbIe 3J1eMeHTbl COCYjJ.uCToii CTeHKII, B03HlIKaeT nOTepH TOHyca
CTeHKH cocY,'I.a, Bblpa}/\aIOIlI.aHCH 13 TOM, lITO 3H OTeJIIIaJlbHaH Tp)6Ka
npeBpaIlI.aeTCH 13 illllpOlUlii rJla KOKOHT)'pHblii KaHaJl, a MbIllle'l-
HbIe KJleTKl1 fi peCTalOT 06pa30BbIBaTb Ha Hell xapaKTepHble ;J..'lH
HOpMaJlblIoro COCTOH II 1151 BllaBJlelIlIH (pl1c. 114-118). PaClllUpeHl1e-
eoc, Y)J.OB BbI3BaHHoe , ecIlMnaTII3aUllell, Bcer,lJ.a conpoBmK)J.aeTcH
CKOnJleHHeM 13 HUX KpOBII. rlInepeMllH 3aXBaTbIBaeT U KanHJlJlSJpHOe-
PYCJlO, KOTopoe OKa3blBaeTCH TaK>Ke pacllllIpeHHbIM. 3-r0 nOCJle}J.Hee
06CTOHTeJlbCTBO JlY'IlllC uccro 06"LHClISleTcH BLma.n.elHieM perYJlu-
PYIOIlI.ero BJlHHHIISJ MblUlU apTepilOJI, BbInOJIlI5IlOIlI.IIX, no Bblpml,eHHIO.
11. M. CelIeHoBa II H. O. OaBJlOBa, pOJlb l,paHoB, nycKalOIlI.JlX IIJlII He
nYCKalOLUJIX KpOBb 13 KanHJIJI5!pbI. BeHbl ,lJ.eCIlMnaT113UpOBaHHbIX
yqaCTKOB TaK>Ke paCillllpelIbI.
C )J.PyroH CTOpOlIbl, nplI nepepe3Ke 'IYBCTBl1TeJlbHbIX HepBOB
COCY)J.OB 3Tl1 nOCJle Hlle Beer)J.a OKa3bIBaJOTCH pe3KO paCillHpeHHblllUl
BCJleJ{CTBl1e eIlI.e 60Jlee TH>KCJlOll, lIeM npl1 )J.ecilMnaTIJ, 3aiUIH nOTepl1
TOHyca. 3-r0 06croSJTeJlLCTBO 113BeCTHO .n.aBHO. EIlI.e 51. A. L(eJ{IO.'1H H
(1865a, 1868) B ce'lelIOBChoii ,'la60paTOpJIH )'Ka3blBaJl, lITO «13 no-
CTOHHHOM )lUl3IIeHHOIll TOile (TOH)Te.- T. r.) COC)' OB pecp.leKC
C lIYBCTBYIOIlI.UX lIepBOB OJl>KelI IIl11eTb rJlaBH)'1O POJlb». B nOCJle,J.Hee
BpeMH 3TO nO,lJ.TBep}/\,AeHO 130 MHornx pa60Tax (A. A. HIIKIlTlIH, 1947;
T. A. rpl1rOpbeBa, 195113; E. 51. KOPbIT:lbn'i, 1951; M. C. rpa'!esa,
1953).
B npe,lJ.bI}J.YIlI.HX rJlaBaX nOKa3aHO, lITO II '1YBCTBIlTe.'lbHble, II
J{Bl1raTeJlbHble HepBbl COCY)J.OB ,lJ.OCTllraIOT cocY)J.l1CTOll CTeHKII II 13 co-
CTaBe neplllj)epulIecKllx CMelllaHHbIX HepBoB_ Opll nepepe3Ke JIIo60ro
113 Hl1X COcy bl COOTBeTCTBYIOLl.I.ell 06J1acrlI nO,lJ.BeprHYTCH ,lJ.BoiiHOii-
lIYBCTBl1TeJlbHOH II )J.BllraTeJlLHOH - ,lJ.elIepBamm. 31-0 06croHTe.'lb-
CTBO Haxo.n.HT CBoe BbIpa>KCHlle 13 nOJlHOM napaJllllIe, aTOHlIl1 11 apelp-
JleKCl1l1 l1X CTeHOK.
HapH,lJ.Y C 3Tl1M, KpoBeHocIIble coeY)J.bl Beex ocraJlbHblX o6J1acreii
Te.na coxpaHHIOT cnoc06HoCTb pearHpOBaTb eY)I,eHlleM Ha Jl106o
qYBcTBIITeJlbHoe pa3}J.pa}/\eHlle (51. A. L(e,lJ.lOJll1H, 1865a, 1868).
296
DOBbIIlleHHe KpOBSmOrO J].aBJIeHHH B onblTe JIoBeHa H HBJIHeTCH
Bblpa:>KeHlIe!\'l pecpJIeKTOpllOrO cy)!{elll151 COCYJ].OB TeJIa, KpOMe Tex,
KOTopble pacnOJIO}J{eHbI B 06.'1aCTII, IIHHepBllpyeMoll nepepe3aHHbIM
HepBOM, 11 KOTopble BCJle)J.CTB11e nOJIlloii ape4JJIel{C1111 11 napaJI11lJa
CTeHOK He l\lorYT YlJaCTBOBaTb B ocy eCTBJIeH111I 3TOH peaKU11H.
EOJIbille Toro, 3TU napaJIlI30BallHbIe 11 )J.eacpq;epeHTHpOBaHHbIe CO-
CY)J.bI BCJIe)J.CTBlle cBoeii nOJIHOH aTOlllIl1 U 6Y)J.YT CJIY)!{l1Tb pe3epBya-
pOM, KY;J.a YCTpellll1TCH hpOBb 113 pe<PJIeKTOpHO COKpaTUBIllUXCH OT-
.AeJIOB COCY.AIICToii CIiCTeMbI.
D03TOllIY Ha o nO)J.llepKHyTb, lJTO B pecpJIeKCe JIoBeHa pecpJIeKTOp-
HYIO np11po;J.Y IIl1IeeT TOJlbl{Q Ta ero lJaCTb, KOTopaH KaCaeTCH nOBbI-
IlleHH5I o6 ero KpOBSIHoro )J.aBJleHUH. PaCIllHpeHHe}J{e cocy.AOB
B 06:IaCTlI, H1mepBHpyeMoii nepepe3aHHbIM HepBOM, UeHTpaJIbHbli1
KOHeu KOToporo pa3)J.pa}J{aeTC5I, npe)J.CTaBJIHeT C060H pe3YJIbTaT
naCCHBHorO nepeMe eHHH KpOBH, BbITaJIKHBaeMOH U3 COCY.AOB, TOHYC
KOTOpblX nOBbIweH (nOBblilleHue o6 ero KpOBHHoro )J.aBJIeHHH),
B COCY)J.bI, nOJIHOCTbIO JlliUlCHllblC TOllyca BCJle'!I.CTBue UX .ABOHHOii
lJYBCTBHTeJlbHOii II ;J.BlIraTe:lbHoii ,':leHepBaIUIH, HaCTynalO eH nOCJIe
nepepe3KII ncpllcpeplll(eCI{Qro HepBa.
TaKoe 06'b5lCHeHlIe Ha6J11O'!l.aeMbIX B peqmeKce JIoBella cjJaKTOpOB
.AaJl l\\. H. JIamlHcl{l1ii (I926), ClJlITaH nOBbIIlleHue KpoBeHanOJlHeHHH
COCY)J.OB napaJlH30BaHlloii BCJle'!I.CTBHe ncpepe3Ku nepHcpepHlJeCKoro
HepBa JIanbI, HaCTynaBwee npu pa3)J.pa}\{eHlIll ueHTpaJlbHOrO KOHua
3Toro HepBa, He aKTlIBHOH ,'J.1I:1 51 TauH eii , a naCCUBHblM paCIllHpe-
HHeM npH nOBbIweHHH o6 ero KpoBHHoro )J.aBJleHHH nOTepHBwHx
TOHYC COCY,'J.OB.
TaKoe npe.ACTaBJIellHe 0 petl)JIeKCP JIoBelIa 06'bHCH5IeT H Ha6J11O-
)J.aBweeC5I WHq;(POM YBeJlHlJeHlIe l{pOBeHano.'1HeHHH COCY)J.OB )J.eClfM-
naTH3HpoBaHHoro yxa npH o6 eM B036Y:>K)J.eHuH )!,UBOTHoro. Lle-
CHMnaTH3aUHH BbI3bIBaeT napaJll1l1 cocY.AOB, a o6ll1.ee B036Y:>K)J.eHHe
Be,'J.eT K nOBblIllelllflO o6ruero KpoBHHoro ,'J.aBJleHHH H K nepeMell1.eHHIO
KpOBH B 06J1aCTb napaJlH30BaHHbIx cocY.AOB.
TaKoe npe,'J.cTaBJleHHe 0 peqmeKce JIoBeHa 06'bHCHHeT H onHcaH-
Hoe 11. A. ApruaBcKHM C COTpY)J.HuKaIlIll (1947) YCHJleH11e 3TOro pecp-
JIeKCa nplI nplIcoe,'{lfIleHl1lf K pa3,'J.pa}J{eHHlo UeHTpaJlbHOrO KOHlla
nepepe3aHIIoro n. auricularis pa3,1pa)!{CHIHI .AP)rIlX aq;cjJepeHTHblx
HepBoB. B 3TOM cJlYlJae ypoBelIb o6 ero KpoBHHoro )J.aBJleHHH npH
pa3)J.pa}J{elIl1lf HeCKOJlbl\HX lJYBcTBHTeJlbHblX HepBoB, HeCOMHeHHO,
ObIJI BbI Ille , n03ToMY H BblTaJlKHBaHlle KpOBU B 06J1aCTb aTOHHlJHbIX
COCY)J.OB 6bWO CHJlbHee.
Pa3;J.eJlHH MlleHlIe II. A. ApIllaBcKoro (1947), lJTO Ba30)J.HJIHTaUHH
3aBlICHT OT npehpall1.eHH5I 11MnYJlbCOB, 1I,1)'lUUX K COCY)J.aM no CHMna-
THlJeCKHM HepBaMl, H ClJHTa5l, lITO OTCYTCTBHe 3THX HMnYJlbCOB HB-
JI5IeTCH O)J.H11M U3 cpaKTopOB, Bbl3blBalO lIX pacrulfpeHHe COCy)J.OB npH
I Mbi CIHlTaeM npeKpa ellHe mmYJlbCOB, II,'J.Y IIX K COCY,'J.aM no CHMna-
TlI'IeCKHM lIepBaM, JIIIWb Ol1llllM 1I3 MeXalIII3MOB Ba30.l\lIJIH1'aUliH. HH>Ke no-
Ka3a1l0. '11'0 1'aKlIX MexallH3MOB HeCKOJIbKO.
297
.nepepe3Ke nepmpepHlJeCKoro BepBa (APyroii <paKTOp - )J.ea<p epeH-
TalUffl), Mbl He MO:>KeM COrJlaCIITbCfl C 11. A. ApwaBCKlIM n ero CTpeM-
J1eHHH 06"bHCHIITb paCIlIllpeHHe COCY)J.OB n pe<p,leKce JIoBeHa «<PYHK-
lIJIOHaJlbHOH ncpepC3KOH», T. e. TopMmKeHIIe:\1 CHl\manllJeCKHX BOJlO-
KOH K COCY)J.aM )J.eHepnHponaHlIoii 06J1aCTIi. ClIl\maTlllJeCKlie npOBO)J.-
HHKH K 3TIIM cocy)].aM nepepe3aHbi II n03TOMY HIIKaKoe IIX COCTOflHlIe
Ha cocy;J;e He MO:>KeT OTpa3I1TbCH. KpO:\IC TOro. TP Y)].HO npllHflTb 06"bHC-
Hemle 11. A. ApwaBcKoro, lJTO B Tex or'!l.eJIaX 11,eHTpaJlbHOii lIepBHoii
CHCTeMbl, B KOTOpbIX COCpe,'l.OTO'lCHbI U.eHTpbl COCY;J;OCY)!{lJBaIOIl1,IIX
MexaHl13MOB COCYAUB AeHepBlipoBaHHoii 06J1acTlI, IwcTynaeT nepexo,J.
B036Y:>K)].eHIIH B CTaIl,HOHaplloe, T. e. n TopMmKeHlle, B TO BpeMfl KaK
B u.eHTpaJlbHbiX COCY)J.OCY}J\HBaIOIl1,IIX McxaHH3Max )J.J1f1 Bcex OCTaJlb-
HbIX COCY)J.OB TeJla yCII..ll1BaeTCfl B036Y}J\,J.eHlIe.
11, HaKOHeu., aOCOJIIOTHO HeJlb3fl COrJlaCHTbCH C 11. A. ApwaB-
CKIIM B TOM, lJTO pcqmeKc JloBeHa HMeeT orpoMlloe <pII3HOJlOrIllJeCKOe
3Ha'IeHHe. no cYll1,ecTBY pe<pJleKC JIoBeHa npaBIIJlbHee IJa3bIBaTb He
pecp,leKCOM, a <peHOMeHOM JIOBeHa, Be)J.yIl1,HM K yneJlHlJeHIlIO paCWH-
peHHfl H 6e3 TOro paCWHpeHlIbIX COCYAOB, lJTO ycyry6J1fleT Tfl}J\eJlbIe
HapyweHHfl B COCTOflHlIli napaJlH30BaHlwii 06J1aCTlI. Te:\1 caMbIM <pe-
HOMeH JIoBeHa TepfleT 3HalJeHHe <p1I3HOJlOrll'leCKOro <paKTopa H nepe-
XO)].HT B pa3pfl)J. naTOJlOrHlJeCKlIX HBJleHlIii.
113 Bcex Ha6J1IOAeHlU1 H 06CY:>K}l,eHIIH (peHOMeHa JIoBeHa )J.J1fl no-
HHMaHHfl MeXaHII31\1a )J.IfJlflTau.IfH COCY,'lOB MbI MO:il{e:\III3BJlelJb TOJIbKO
O)].HO - BbU{J1IOlJeHlle CHMnaTHlJeClmX npOBO)J.HIfKOB ne)J.eT K napa-
J1HlJY COCY)J.HCTOH CTeHKI1 H K paClIlHpeHHlO COCY)J.OB. 3Ha l leHHe :>Ke
3Toro cpelIOMeHa caMoro no ce6e KaK <p1I3110JlOm'IeCIWrO <paKTopa
COCY)J.HCTbIX peaKu.lIii IIY:>KHO KaTeropH'IeCKH oTBepruYTb.
nOHCKH cocY)J.cpacwnpmOIl1,IIX BO.'lOKOH B nepll<pepll'IeCKHX Hep-
Bax, eCTeCTBeHHO, nepeHeCJlII BHlIl\IaHHe IfCCJle)J.onaTeJleH Ha cnHHHO'
M03roBbIe KOpeWI\II. no OTHOWeHiIIO K nepe)J.HIIM Y:>Ke 6blJlO YCTaIlOB-
J1eHO (5I. A. L(e)J.lOJlIIH, I 865a, 1868; H. <1>. Ll.1l0H, 1868, 1873, 1874,
1888, H )J.p.), 'ITO B I1X COCTaBe paCnOJlaraIOTCfl BOJlOKHa, pa3,'1.pa}J\e-
IUle KOTOpblX Bbl3bIBaeT CY}J\eHHe COCYAOB n COOTBeTCTneHHblX 06J1a-
CTflX, a nepepe3Ka - HX napaJlIl'I, H lJTO CBfl3b 3THX BOJIOKOH
C COCY)J.aMlI OCYll1,eCTBJlHeTCfl lJepe3 Y3J1bl ClIMnaTH'IeCIWif u.enOlIKIi.
BepOHTHO. 3TlIM 06CTOflTe.'lbCTBOl\! H OUYCJlOB,'leIlO TO, lJTO OCHOB-
Hoe BHHMaHHe HccJIe)J.oBaTeJleH OIW3aJlOCb cocpe;"J,OTOlJeHHblM Ha
H3Y'IeHHH cOCY)J.o)J.BlIraTeJIbHOrO BJUlflHllfl 3a)J.Hero IwpewKa.
HaJI.o CKa3aTb, lJTO HeKoTopbIe CBe)J.eHIHI B 3TOM OTHOIlleHIfH Y:>Ke
HMeJlHCb. TaK, 5I. A. L(e)J.IOJlIfH (1868) nOKa3aJl, lITO nepepe3Ka
3a,lJ.HHX KopeWKOB L t -S2 BbI3blBaeT nO,'l."beM TellmepaTypbl B 3a)J.HeH
J1ane }J\HBOTHoro, pa3,lJ.pa:>KeHHe HX nepll<pepHlJeCKHX KOHUOB He
)J.aeT H3MeHeHHH, pa3,lJ.pa}J\eHHe :>Ke u.eHTpaJlblIbIX Be)J.eT K pe3KOMY
nOXOJlO,'l.aHHIO KOHelJHOCTH, 'ITO 5I. A. L(e)J.IOJllIH ClJlfTaJl pe3YJlbTa-
TOM pecpJIelnOpHoro CYlKeHlIfl cocY,lJ.on.
nO,lJ."beM TeMnepaTypbI B COOTBeTCTBYIOll1,eH KOHe'IIlOCTH npp ne-
.pepe3Ke 3.a,lJ.HHX KopeWKOB' BH)J.eJl II lllTpHKKep (1 76). O,lJ.HaKO OH
lICTOJIKOnaJi CBOH )J.aHHbIe, <;'IHTaH nepepe3KY KopeWKa era pa3)J.pa-
.298
n<eHIICM, B nOJlb3Y HaJllIllIIH 13 3a,{III1X KOpelilKaX CneUllaJlbHblX CO-
cYJJ:OpaCllJllp5ll0W.I1X BOJIOKOII, KoropbIe, lie 3aXO}{H B norpaHHlIlIYIO
UenOLJKY. pacnOJlaralOTCH 13 nepllllJcpIllJeCIUIX, B IlaCTHOCTH, B ce-
;\a.ll1w.HOM, HepBax.
;:I,aHHble WTpllKKepa 110,'{BeprJlIICb pe3Koii KpllTllKe B pa60Te
rOCCIl (Gossy, 1878; UIITllpoBallO no H. M. Bep311JIOBY, 1898), KO-
TOpblil npe; npHHHJI CBoe IICC.ileJJ:OBalllle no npCJJ:.TJ:Q)KeIlIIIO BYJlb-
.nHaWI.
HeCMOTp51 Ha TO, liTO MI-IOrO paOOT 6blJlO nocBHw.eHO BbUlCHeHHIO
'Bonpoca 0 cocYJJ:opaClilIlpmow.eM ,{eiicTBIIII 3a,1J.HIIX KopeIllKOB, OT-
.;seTa Ha Hero nOJIYlIeHO He UbIJlO. OJJ.II11 aBTopbl ChJIOIIHJIIlCb K l\IblCJIlI,
liTO Ba30j{HJIHTaTOpbl 113 33j{lIero KopeIllKa IIj.{YT B nOrpaHlJlIHYIO
CIIl\maTlI1IeCKYIO uenOllKY, a onYi{a B nepJ[(pcpll'leCKl1e HepBbl
{Morat et Dastre, 1884; Morat, 18Y2, 1909; Morat l't Bonne, 1897),
.JJ.pyrllc OTplluaJIlI OTliOIlll'lIl1e Ba30j.{IIJlSIT lTOpOB K CI1MnaTl111eCKUM
)'3JIaM (HastcrIik 11 Dllj.{JIb, 1893), TpeTbll no06w.e OTplluaml aKTHB-
Hoe paCllJllpellHe COCYj.{OB (oeiiJIllc II opncpopJJ., 1896). Oc06eHHo
HHTepccHa B 3TOM C:\lbICJle pauOTa Mopa II oOHlla (1897). amI nepe-
pe3aJIII 3aj.{HlIe KOpCWKII L 6 -S 1 Cerl\ICHTOB cHapY)KI1 OT dura ma-
tel'. 06paUaTbIBaH 3aTel\l l\1aTepII aJI npll nOMOl.U1I OCl\l!IeBOH Mero-
j.{IIKII, OHH YCTaHOBIIJllI, lITO B M03rOBOM IWHue nepepe3aHIloro 3aj.{-
Hero KopeIllKa cOj.{cp)KaTCH, HapHJJ.Y C j.{ereHepllpYIOI.UIIMII, H CO-
xpallHbIe BOJIOKIIa, B rallrJIIIOHapHOl\l )Ke 06HapY)KIlBaJOTCH, HapHj.{Y
c coxpaHHbl1\UI, ncpcpOn ;{aJow.llec I. Ha OCHOBaHHH 3Toro Mopa H
EOHH 3aKJlIOlJalOT, 41'0 Il3 cnllHHoro M03ra no 3a,"{HC:\JY KopeWKY Bbl-
XO,1HT uelnp06e}j'Hble lIepl3Hble BOJ10KHao IlpIlCOCj.{IIHIIB K l\IOpepOJlO-
rII4l'CKIIM IICCJIC}WB<lIIIlHM llJl13110JlOrH4eCKllii .':IKCnepllMeHT, Mopa
H DOHII paCueHlJJIII 31'11 BOJIOKHa I aK j.{I31lraTeJlbHbIe, nperaHrJIl10-
H<lpHble, KoropbIe lie ,'J.OCTIIrmOT TKallcii, 110 OKaJIlIIIBalOTCH B Y3J1aX
CIL\III;llll'ICCI,oii CIICrCl\Ibl, 5I13JIHSICb, TaKIIl\l 06pa30:\I, paBH03HallHbl-
'Ill n pcr<lll LlllollapllLI:\1 130JIOKlla1\1 nepe,1HIIX KOpCWKOB.
11. ,\\. 13cpJH,:IOB 118Yl)a, U, 1898a, 6), B o,1Hoii Il3 pa60T KOTO-
pOIU 08Y8u) IIl\1CCTOI }"opowaH CBO}{ha pa60T no Ba30,1J.IlJIHTaUIU!,
nO;..l13l'pr 3K l oIll'pllMCmaJILlloMY IIcpecMoTpy Bonpoc 0 neIlTp06c)J{-
HblX BOJIOKlI<lX 3a,J,IlCro Kopcull a. nO,"{TBep} I1B HX HaJIHlIlle,
I-I. .\\, Bep.:w.l013 IlplIWeJI I BbIBO;{Y, lITO OliH HB.IIHIOTcn Ba30 HJIH-
TaTopa:\ilI, Ha4I1H3IOTC5I OT KJleTOK, JIC)I{aIUIIX B cnllHHOM M03ry,
lI,1J.yr K IWIIC41l0CTHM £10 IIYBCTBIITe.lbHbIM HepBaM, B I OTOpbIX pac-
npt';J.CJIHIOTCSI cerMeHTapliO. 13 Ka'It'CT13e MexaHH3Ma, npH nOMOI.UH
KOToporo 3TH BOJIOKIl<l OCYW,l'CTBJI5ll0T 13a30j.{HJlHTaIlHlO, H. M. Bep-
3H.fIOB CLIllT<leT aKTHI3HOe paCWlIpClIHe KanIlJIJlHpOB.
H. M. Bep3HJIOB )'Ka3blBaJl, '11'0 nepepe3Ka ncpmpepwlecKoro
HepB<I YHII'ITO)KaeT 3\pepeKT pa3;{pa)KeHIIH 3a,..{lIero KopeIllKa. B j.{aJIb-
HeiiweM II 11. H. oblcTpellIlH (I YU4) ClIHTaJl, liTO cocYj.{opaCWHpHIO-
lll.IJe BOJIOKlta cej.{aJlIlw.lioro HepBa np\JXO} SlT B Hero 1I3 3aj.{HHX KO-
peWKOB.
OJ.{HaKO Mopa (1909), nOj.{BOj.{H mol' pa60TaM no Ba30MOTopHOH
IIHHepBarum, ew.e pa3 nOj.{llep, KlIYJI liTO Ba30j.{\JJIHTaTOpbl - 31'0
299
HepBhI, 06J1a,'J.alOIlJ.He napaJlH3YIOIlJ.IIM no OTIlOIlleHll1O K nepmpepH-
'1eCKHM HepBHhlM Y3JIaM )1.eHCTBIICM, 11 'ITO BhIXO)1.HTh OHII MorYT n
no 3aj.]JmM KopeIllKaM.
BonpOChI, nocraBJIeHlIhIe nepeJJ: HaYKoH I I. ]\1. Bep3HJIOBhIM n
Mopa, HeCMOTp5J Ha TO, 'ITO Ka)!{JJ:hu'i H3 3TI1X as-ropoB npe)1.Jlara,1
)1.JIH HHX CBoe pernelIl1e, He pa3pemeHhI no CYW.eCTBy H JJ:O CHX nop.
HaJIWme H.T1H OTCyTCTBlle u.eHTp06e)!{HhIX BOJlOKOH B 3a)1.HIIX
KopernKax O)!{I1BJIeIlHO 06CY)!{,'J.aeTC5I B p5l)1.e IICCJle;{OBaHlliL
DpaBJJ:a, Hy)!{HO CKa3aTh, 'ITO 'mCJIO aBTopOB, OTpl1u.alOIlJ.I1X BhlXOA
3<pcpepeHTHhIX BOJlOKOH 113 cmlHlloro M03ra no 3a)1.HeMY KopelllKY
[Sherrington, 1898; XaHHclI, 1934; J1cBI1u.Ka5J (u.IITl1pyeTC5J no
J1. A. Op6eJIH, 1938)], 3HalJI1TeJlhHO MeHhille 'IHCJla Tex, KTO 3TO
yTBep)!{)1.aeT (H. M. 5h,y60BHlJ, 1857a, 6; B. M. 5exTepeB, 18966;
H. A. MHCJlaBCKHH, 1900; A. J1eMaH, 1912; r. H. CTenaHoB, 1921;
Foerster u. Gagel, 1930; Kahr a. Sheehan, 1933; Matthews, 1934;
Okelberry, 1935; A. M. fpHHillTeifH, 1946, H )1.p). HHTepecHhI )1.aH-
Hhle, npI1BO)1.HMbIe A. M. fpHHIllTeiiHOM (1946) H KaCalOIlJ.HeC5J cTpoe-
HII5J 3a)1.HerO KopeIllKa HH3IllHX n03BOHO'IHhIX )!{HBOTHhIX. OKa3hI-
BaeTC5J, lJTO Y JlaHlleTHHKa Bce nperaHrJlHOHapHhle BOJlOKHa BhIXO-
)1.511' H3 cnHHHoro M03ra TOJlhKO 'lepe3 3a)1.lIl1e KOpeIllI\H. TaK )!{e 06-
CTOHT )1.eJlO H Y KPYfJlOpOThlX H nonepe'lHopoThIX phI6. Y raHOIIJJ:HhIX
H KOCTHCThIX phI6 n05JBJlmOTC5J nperaHrJll10HapHhIe BOJlOKHa B ne-
pe)1.HHX KopeIllKax. Y aMcpu6HI1 H penTI1JIHH 60JIhIlla51 'JaCTh nperaH-
rJll10HapHhIx BOJlOKOH nOKH)1.aeT cnmmoH M03r nOcpe)1.cTBOM nepek
HHX KopeIllKoB, O)1.HaKO OHH npe)1.cTaBJleIlhI H B 3a)1.HHX. Y nTHLI.
nperaHrJlHOHapHhIe BOJIOKHa paBHhlM 06pa30M npe)1.CTaBJIeHhl IJ
B nepe)1.HHX, H B 3a)1.HHX KopeIllKax.
A. M. fp!1HIllTellH npHBO)1.!1T CBeJJ:eHH 51 , KaCalOIlJ.HeC5J OHTore-
He3a 3a)1.HerO KopeIllKa H CB!1JJ:eTeJlhcTBYIOIlJ.He 0 BXO)!{)1.eHIJH
B COCTaB ero H BOJlOKOH, 51BJlHlOIlJ.HXC5I OTpocTKaMH KJleTOK, pacno-
JIO)!{eHHhIX B cnHHHOM M03ry.
B CBeTe Bcex 3Tl1X 3KcnepHMeHTaJlhHhIX, cpaBHHTeJIhHO-aHaTo-
MWIeCKHX H 3M6pIJoJlOrWIeCKHx )1.aHHhIX llaJlHlJHe B 3a)1.HeM KO-
pernKe neHTp06e)!{HhlX BOJlOKOH )1.eJlaeTC5J Bep05JTHhIM II no OTHome-
HHIO K MJIeKonHTaJOIlJ.IJM.
Ho, BCTaB Ha 3TY TOlJKY 3peHH5I, MhI JJ.OJI)!{HhI OTO)!{)1.eCTBHTh 3TH
BOJIOKHa C 06hllJHhlM!1 nperaHr Jll10HapHhIMH BOJlOKHaMII, KaK 3TO
)1.eJlaeT H. A. )KypaBCKa5J (1948), H Bonpoc 06 HX cocY)1.opacrnIJp5l1O-
IneH CPYHKU.HH pernaTh B acneKTe na30MOTopHoro 3HalJeIlH5J JII060ro
)1.pyroro nperaHrJlHOHapHoro BOJlOKHa.
B npouecce pa3peIlleHH5J nOCTaBJIeHHhlX Mopa l1 H. M. BepsH-
JIOBhIM BonpocoB 0 cOCY)1.0)1.BHraTeJIhHOH <PYHKIUIH 33)1.lIero KopernK3
6hIJIO C03)1.3HO eIlJ.e HeCKOJlhKO KOHu.enu.HH, npH3BaHHhIx 06"h5JCIIHTh
51 K06hI Ha6J11o)1.aI0IlJ.eeC5I npH pa3)1.pa)!{eIlHH nep!1cpepwJec!wro 01'-
pe3Ka 3a)1.lIerO KopernKa paCIlll1peHlle COCY)1.0B.
O)1.Ha H3 Hl1X npIlHajJ.JIe)!{HT 5dfJII1CY (1901, 1902), KOTOphIii
B pe3YJIhTaTe p5l,1J.a 3KcnepHMeHToB npHrneJI K BhIBO;W, '11'0,
cocY)1.0paCllmpmow.He BOJlOKHa 3a,1J.HHX KopeIllKOB He HMelOT c06-
300
CTBeHHOIi Moplj)O.IlorHII, a nOJIIlOCTblO COI3na;l.aJOT C lleIlTpaJlbHblMH
OTpOCTKal\1H (HeiipHfaI\lIl) KJleTOK cmlIlHoMo3ro13blX Y3JIOB. TH no-
C.1e;l.HHe npe,'J.CTa13J1HIOT coGoii 01lHOBpeMClIIIO H TPO(p1JlleCKHe IleHTpbl
cocY;l.OpaClillIpHlOlIllIX BOJIOKOII, hOTOpblC lIepmlJcpIlIIllee Y3JIOB COB-
na;J.alOT C IlYBCTl3IITeJlbllbl1\lH lll'p13HbIMII BOJIOI IJa1\III. LlpYrIlMII CJIO-
.Ba:\IJI, oelWIIC, nO;lT13ep:lIIB Ha6Jll0.laBwceCH H ;1.0 I1ero paClillIpeHlle
COCY;J.OB npH pa3;J.pmKCIIIIIl neplllpl'plllleCKoro KOJIlIa nepepe3alliloro
3a;J.llerO KOpell1Ka II npll./.l51 K 1\lbICJIII, liTO 13 06JIaCTII CmIHH01\103rO-
BOl'O )"3JIa II ero Ill'plllpl'pll'leCKIIX II UCIITpa:lbllbIX pa3Bl'TBJIeHUll OT-
CYTCTBYIOT KaKHl' Obi TO JIll OblJIO lIl pI3Hbll' 3JICl\IeilTbl, KpOl\le lIYB-
CTBUTe.1bllbIX, npUnllCaJI 3TII1\1 I10Cle;.lIlIl1\1 11 cocY;J.opaCIlJUpHIOIllYIO
.Ci10C06HOCTb, T. e. OeHJIIIC l{OIIYCTIIJl, lITO OObllIHble aq>q>epCHTHble
HepBHble BOJIOKIIa HI3JI5Il0TC5I 0,J.1l0Bpei\lellIIO II cocY;J.opacwllpmo-
JUU1\III, I1pIIIIIICa13 4YBCT13I1TeJlbIlbIM BOJIOKllaM )lBOiiIlYIO 4>YllhUHlO -
I1pOBe,J.eIllle Ili\WYJlbCOI3 K cmlIlIlOMY IIJIII rOJIOBIIOI\I)" M03ry II npOBe-
J{ellue lI1\1nY:lbCOB 13 oGpaTlIOM I1aIlpaBJleHIIlI K cocy,i.lal\1 - H lla3BaJI
UX aHTlI,i.lpO;\IHbll\1U. CaM oeiiJllIC orpaIlII'IlIJI lPYIIKUIIOHaJIbllOe 3Ha-
4eHHe aHTH;J.pOl\lIIbIX BOJIOKOIl aKCOH-pelpJICKTOpHOii peaJ Ulleii I3 npe-
./.leJlax O./.llloro I1eiipOlla, ;lJIH liero ./.lonYCTH.'l, lITO ncpmpepH l leCKlIl1
OTpOCTOK HepBlloii KJleTKII CIIIIHIIOM03rOBoro )'3JIa ./.leJIUTCH, 06pa-
3YH O)llloii BeTBblO OObl1lIlbi1I pcuenTOp I1a CTpYKTypax opraHa, ;J.PY-
roii )I,e - OhOllllaHlle I1a COCY;le. B036Y)I ;.lellue, B03HIIKalOw.ee
B I1epBIIOM BOJIOKIlC 13 pe3YJlbTaTe pa31lpa*eHlIH peilenTopa, nepe-
.6paCblBaeTC5I Ha BeTOllKY I, COCY;J.Y, paClIpOCTpaHSleTCH B Heii aHTH-
..'lpO:\1lI0 II, JlOCTlIDIYB cocYJla, I3bI3bmaeT ero paClllllpeHlle.
KaK 113BeCTIlO, He OciiJIIIC Obl:1 TI30pUOM TeopllU aKcoH-pelj)JIe-
Kca II allTllllp0l\1I10ii nepl'}l.aIIH. JleHrJlII (JlelIr.TIH H AII,J.epcoH, 1894;
JleHrJIlI, 18!)!}, 1900; JleHrJIII, 1922, 1923a), nOBTOpH51 onblTbl
H. J\\. COKoBHlIHa (1874, 1877), Ill' COrJ1aUIJICH C I1I1M 13 061>51CHeIIllH
MeXallIl31\1a ll)YIIKIUlOIlllpOI3C11I1I5I 1\I0'le130ro n)'3blp51 13 YCJIOBII5IX lIa-
pyweHIIH ero C13513eii co ClllIlIIlbIM 1\103r01\l II B3aMell BblCKa3aHHoro
H. M. COKOBIUIIlblM npe,'lnOJIO)KeIlIlH 0 3I13'leHIIII HII)KllerO 6pbl)Kee'l-
HOro Y3.1a l aK pc4>JIl'KTOplloro llellTpa Ilpe;J.JIO)KIIJI ;J.Pyroe 061>HC-
lleIllle lIa6JIlOllaeMoro 5113JlellllSI. JlellrJIII C1llITaJI, liTO He Bce npe-
raHrJIlIOllapllble BOJIOKlla DKalllIllBalOTCH B gangl. mescntericum
inferior, 4aCTb HX no n. hypogastricus JlOCTllraeT OKOJIOIIY3blPHOii
K:leT'laTlm II CTelIKII IlY3blPSI II 3;ll'Cb 13nynaeT B cml3b C raHrJ11103-
HblMII KJleTKa1\'IIl. Opll pa3)lpa)),CIlIIIl IlellTpaJlbllOrO KOIlIla nepepe-
3aHIIoro nO;J.llpl'BlIoro llepI3a (n. h)"pogastricus) B036Y)K;J.eHlle ;J.BII-
)KeTCH no 3TII:l.1 nperallr.'1110Ilapllbl1\1 130:IOKII<I1\1 allTlI;l.pOl\IHO 11 fOJIb-
hO 13 l\Iene BCTHJlelIlIH nepe6paCbIBaCTl'H lIa BeT04KY, 110 KOTOpOH 6e-
)KilT I3 OpTO;J.pOl\lIIml lIanpa13.'lellllll :lO K:leTKII gangl. mesentericuIIl
inferior, a 113 nero Y)I e OObl'lllbll\l nYTl'l\I no nOCTrallrJIIIOHapHoMY
BO.10KII)' K 1\lblllle l llloii KJIeTKe. lLJI5I 3TOii Clll\lymlpYlow.eif peljJ,leKc
peaKIU1II, pa3blrpb1I3aIoIUciicH I3 IIpl'./.lCJIaX O)llloro HeiipmIa, II npe)l-
.-.10)KIIJI JleHrJIIl lIa3Ballile aKCOIl-pl'tp:ll'Kca. AIITII;J.poMHaH nepe)la-
lla B aKColl-petpJleKCe Y3aKOllelW I3bIIIY*lleIlHo, TaK KaK 6e3 Hee He
nOJIYllaeTCH II Ca1\10rO aJ COH-pelj)JleKca.
301
J1eHrJlI1 (1923) rOBopHT, liTO 5eHJIl1C CHallaJIa npl1nHChIBaJl COCY::lO-
pacllmpHlow.ee ,AetiCTBlle 3ajJ:Hero KopelllKa lJaXO,ASlW.HMCSI B He;\1 3cp-
cpepeHTHhlM BOJlOI\HaM. J1eHrJIH lIepe3 CTapJIllHra nepe,AaJl eMY
CBOIO KOHuemil1l0 aKCOH-pc<pJlelnOpHoii nepe,AallH HepBHhlX HMnyJlh-
COB. nOCJle 3Toro 5el/JIl1c (HJ01, 1 02), BnOJlHe y,AOBJleTBopeHHhIH
elO, nHCaJl, liTO TeoplHl aHTH,ApOMIloro npOBe,AeHHH cocY,AOpaCliIH-
pHlOW.IIX HMnyJlLcoB no 1jYBCTBIITeJlhllhIM HepBHhIM BOJ10KHaM npek
CTaBJlHeTCH HaH60J1ee hpenKOH.
OjJ:HaKO Ha)J.O CKa3aTh, liTO He Bce OTHeCJlHCh 1\. TeopllH aKCOH-
pe<pJleKCa TaK, KaK 5eiiJlMC.
Y)J(e lIepe3 )J.l3a ro)J.a nOCJIl' onYUJIlIIWBaHII5I pa60Thl J1eHrJIII M
AH)J.epCOHa (18 4) Ke.ilJIHKep (Koellikcr, 1896) Ha3hIBaeT 3TOT Me-
XaHl13M «TaK Ha3hIBaeMhlM petPJleKcoM», HaCTOJlhKO MaJIO COOTBeT-
CTBYIOIllI1l\1 TOM)', liTO J\lhl 3HaeM OTIIOCIITeJlhHO npOBeJJ.eHlIH B HepB-
HhlX 3J1e:lleHTaX, liTO 0 HeM He CTOMT rOBopllTh.
npeJ(npHHHTbIe B. CI{a6I1l1CBCKIIM (1890) II H. n. Pa3eHKoBhIM
(1926) HCCJIejJ:OBaHM 51 , B KOTOpblX 6hlJl nOBTopeH onhIT H. M. Co-
KOBHHlIa H 113 KOTOphIX nOCJIe)1.lIee, KpOMe Toro, 6hlJl0 )1.0nOJIlIeHO H
MOP<P0Jl0rI1'IeCI{lJM KOHTpOJIeM, nOKa3aJIH nOJIHYIO npaBOTY H. M. Co-
KOBHlIlIa, paBHO KaK II Rcex Tex, KOTopble jJ:onYCKaJIII B03J\!0)J(HOCTb
CYI.UeCTBOBaHIlSI pe(l)JIeKCOI3, 3al\lb1KalOI.UIIXCSI B Y3;lax 'BereTaTI1BHoii
HepBHOH CMCTeMbl (H. M. CellelloB, 18666; B. PO)J(aHcKIIII, 1889;
fOJlhU II 3Ba.%)1., 189G; A. C. .lJ.oreJlh, 18 8; J1. 5. nOneJIbCKIIlr,
j900; Be6ep, 1 08; MloJlJlep, 1911, 1920, II )J.p.).
Ho II )1.0 CIIX nop nmOTe3a 5eHJlJlca npHIIHMaeTcH HeKoTophIMII
<pH3110JIOraMII , JISI 06"bSlCHeHIlSI nOJI)"Iael\lOrO 1Il\1Ii B onhlTax paculH-
peHIISI COCY)1.0B npll pa3;tpa)J{cHMM nepJl(pepHlIecKMx OTpOCTKOB 3a;J.-
HIIX KopeUlKoB l1.ml nepmpepH'leCKI1X CnIIHHOl\103rOBhlX II lIepenHo-
M03rOBhlX HepBoB (Doi, 1 20; Horiuchi, 1924; Machol, 192 ; Cho-
robski II neH<pHJI,A, 1932; Wybauw, 1938; Granit a. Hexed, 1942;
r. n. KOllpaJJ:II, 1 47), paBHO IWK IIIIorJ(a II KJIHHIIUI1CTaMH (Pari-
sius, 1921). HeKoTophIe npllHII!\IaIOT 3T)' nmOTe3Y C OrpaHIl'leHHeM.
TaK, Kpor (1927), lie 6Y;tY'1II B COCT05IHIIII Bhl3BaTb II3MeHeHlle
KaJlll6pa nepJl(I}CpH'leCKIIX KanIlJIJISI pOB pa3,'J.pa)J(eHlleM ;t.JlCTa,1h-
Horo KOHua 3a)1.lIerO KopeWKa, C'IIITaeT, 'ITO paCUlllpCHlle IIX npo-
I-ICXO)1.HT nYTeM MeCTHhlX aKCOIl-pe(p.rICKCOB, ocyw.eCTBJl5leMhlX hOJl-
J1aTepaJISlMII '1YI3CTBllTeJlhllbIX 130.'10K0H.
O)1.HaKO B cpH3110JlOrII'IeCKOii II J\!uP(IX)JIOrIl'leCKOII JIIlTepaType
BCTpe'laeTCSI 60.1bllloe KOJIII'leCTI30 l{pIITlI'leCKIIX 3aMe'laHHlr no no-
BO)1.y KaK KOHllClllil1ll J1eHrJlII 06 aHTII,1POl\lHOl\! npOBe)1.CHIIII II aKCOH-
pe<pJleKCaX, TaK II no nOl3o)1.Y npllMeHellllf! ee B <p1I3110JIOnm COCYJJ.OB.
Ew.e B 1895, 1898 II I OO rr. H. A. MIICJlaBCKllli I{aTerOpllllecKII
OTBepr B03MO)J{JIOCTh )J.BYCTopOllllero npOBC)1.CHHH B HepBe B CJIYlIae,
eCJIII 011 lie 1130JIllpOBan 113 opraIII13l\la. YI<a3hIBaSl, liTO 1130,1I1pOBaH-
HhIlr HepB ;teilcTBlfTeJlhHo npOBO)1.IIT B 06e CToponhl, nO)1.06HO npo-
BOJIOKe raJlhB3Hl1l1eCI\Oro 3.'1C!\leHTa. .\\IICJlaBCKllii nOJJ:lIep KII BaeT ,
liTO «B opraHll3l\1C npOBO;J.IIMOCTh I1epBa BCeueJlO 3aBilCilT OT KOHue-
BOl'O annapaTa, C KOTOPbH\1 011 CBSl3all». .lJ.a.1Jee l\\I1CJIaBCKllli rOBopIlT,.
302
'ITO «'IYBCTBHTeJlbHbIll HepB npOBO.l1.HT TOJlbKO ueHTpOCTpeMHTeJlbHO,
.I1.BHraTeJlbHblii - TOJlbKO UeuTp06e:tKHO». B pa60Te, BbITIOJIHeHHOi'!,
COBMeCTHO C 11. H. DbICTpeHllHbIM, H. A. MHcJlaBcKHll (1905)
C'IHTC!eT nmOTe3y 06 aHTl1.l1.poMHOH CPYHI(HHH 'IYBcTBlneJlbHblx HepB-
HblX BOJlOKOH O'IeHb pHcKoBaHlIOH.
CJIoBa H. A. MHCJlaBCKOro 0 HanpaBJIeHlIOCTH npOBe.l1.eHHH HM-
nYJlbCOB no HeHpoHY nO.l1.TBep:tK.I1.eHbl D. YI. J1aBpeHTbeBbIM (1937),
KOTOpblii YKa3bIBaeT, 'ITO .I1.llHaMlI'leCKaH II MOpcpOJIOrH'IeCI\a51 nOJI5I-
PH3aIU151 HeiipoHoB B03HHKaeT npIl pa3BHTHH lIX CB5I3eH, 06eCne'IH-
BaIOW.I1X lIanpaBJIeHIIOCTb HMnYJlbcoB.
B CBoe BpeM5I Mbl Y:tKe nHCaJlIl (T. A. rpHrOpbeBa, 1949a), 'ITO
AonyIlleHlIe aKCOH-pecpJleKTOpHoii nepejJ:a'lII, OCHOBaHHOI! Ha aHTH-
.I1.pOMHOM HanpaBJleHHlI I1MnYJlbca B npe.l1.eJlax HeiipOHa Heco-
BMeCTHMO C OCHOBHbIM npIlHUlmOM CPYHKUIlOlIHpOBaHH5I HepEHoii CH-
CTeMbI - C npHlUJ.HnOM lIanpaBJleHHOro npOBe.l1.eHHH B036y:tK.I1.eHIIH.
HeiipOHbI, KOTopble CYW.eCTBYIOT B opraHH3Me TOJlbKO B COCTaBe pe-
qmeKToplibIX .I1.yr, TeM caMbIM nOJ.\,IIIHeHbI II 3aKOHaM pecpJleKTOpHoro
<PYHI(UIfOlmpOBaHII5I, T. e. CPYHKUIIOlIaJlbliO H MopcpOJlOm'leCKli no-
JI5I pIl30BaHbI.
11 Y .I1.pymx HCCJle.l1.0BaTeJlel1, KaK cpH3HOJlOrOB, TaK H MOpcpOJIO-
rOB, KOHUenUII5I J1eHrJlH BbI3bIBaeT COMHeHII5I II B03pa:tKeHH5I. KYHTU
(1929), HanpHMep, rOBopllT, 'ITO HeH3BeCTHO, HrpalOT JIH npe- II
nOCTraHr JIliOlIapHblc aKCOH-pe(pJlCKCbl pOJlb 13 HopMaJlbHOM CPYHK-
UIIOHHpoBaHIm 3I3TOIiOMII0ll: HepBHoii CHCTeMbI. 3aHTpox (Szant-
roch, 1936) .I1.0nycKaeT I1X TOJlbKO B 3KcnepHMeHTe. Yaih H CMIfC-
BHK (Smithwick) nHU1YT (1941), 'ITO Bce B 2KcoH-pecpJleKCe ew.e'
TeMHO H .I1.0mKHO 6blTb nepeHCCJle.l1.0B2HO npH nOMOIllH cOBpeMeH-
HblX (pI13I10JlOm'leCKlIX MeTO.l1.0B. PaBllblM 06pa30M H B. H. Yep-
HlIroBcKHlf (1944) C1IllTaeT, 'ITO KOHuenUIf51 J1eHrJlll 06 aKcOH-pe-
qmeKce B HaCT05IIIUlii MOMeHT He MO:tKeT C'IHTaTbC5I .I1.0CTaTO'lHO 06-
oCHOBaHlIoii no OTHOU1eHHlO K BHYTpeHlIHM opraHaM.
CaM J1eHrJIH (1922, 1923a,b), OTMe'la5l, '1TO pa3.11.pa:tKeHHe 3a.l1.HerO
KopeU1Ka He Bbl3bIBaeT paCU1IIpeIlH5I apTepm'i, a TOJlbKO KanHJI-
Jl5IpOB [Ha 3TO yKa3bIBaJIll H. M. Bep3HJIOB (1896a, 6, B;
1898a, 6) If H. O. C5IBllIfJlJIO (1897, 1898)], B CBOHX pa60Tax 0 co-
cY.I1.opaCU1l1p5ll01ll1lX BOJIOKHaX rOBopIIT, 'ITO Henp5lMble .I1.0Ka3a-
TeJIbCTBa 60JlbU1e CBHJI.eTeJlbCTBYIOT B nOJlb3Y MeTa60JIlfTOB KaK cpaK-
TOpOB Ba30JI.HJl5ITallIfII B .I1.lICTaJlbHbIX OT.I1.eJlaX COCY.I1.HCTOH CHCTeMbI.
XY3eJlJla (Huzella, 1925) B cBoeH pa60Te 0 CPYHKUHIf KanHJIJI5I-
pOB npHXOJI.IIT K BblBO.l1.Y, '1TO aKcoH-pe<pJleKC UH aHaTOMH'IeCKH,
HH CPH3110JlOrWIeCKII He 060CHOBaH.
J1. B. 6J1YMeHay (1925) COMlleBaeTC5I B BepHocTH caMoro cpaKTa
paCU1l1peHH5I COCY.I1.0B npIl pa3.11.pa:tKeHIIH nepmpepWIeCKoro OTpe3Ka
3a.l1.Hero KopeU1Ka. Me)KJI.Y npOIIllM, 13 CBoe BpeM5I 5I. A. .lJ.e.l1.IOJIHH
(1865a, 1868) OTMe1IaJl, 'ITO pacIlHlpeHllble nocJle nepepe3KIf 3a.l1.He-
fO KopeHlKa COCy.I1.bl npIl pa3jJ:pa)KeHlIH ero nepmpepH'IeCKOrO KOH-
11.a KaJIlf6pa He MeH5!JlI1. 31-0 Ha6JI1o.1J.eHHe 51. A. .lJ.eJI.IOJlHHa 6blJIO
nO.l1.TBep:tKJ\eHO Kop6I1HOM (Corbin) H XalIHcH (1934).
303:
WHJIbQ.J (1926) r1HU1eT, 4TO KOHuel1lJ,lI51 5eiiJmca nJIOXO BH)j{eTCSl
c epH3HOJIOrHlJeCKIIMU npe.l1.CTaBJIellI1, HI\UI a JIblOllC (1927) YKa3br-
BaeT, 4TO cplI31I0JIOrHlJeCKOe 3I1a'lC'lIIle allTII.il.pOllllIoro npoBe;r.eHuSl
ellJ.e TeMHO, TaK l\aK Hell3BeCTHO, UJJ:YT JIll B 1I0pMe uMnYJIbCbI 3TIIM
n FeM.
MHoro pa60TaBU1l1ii B 06;raCTiI 1I3Y'leHIISl IIHHepUaUlloHHbrx npH-
60pOB KpoBeHocHblX cocY.I1.0B fJIa3ep (1931) OTMelJaeT, 'ITO TeopHSl
aKcoH-pecpJIeKCa, KOHe4HO, HC MO)j{CT C'IllTaTbC5I .I1.oKa3aHHoii, H npe;!.-
CTaBJIHeTCSl HeBepoHTllblM, '1TO Ba30:\IOTopHbre BOJIOI\Ha OTBeT-
BJIHIOTCH OT lJYBCTBilTeJlbHbIX.
o TOM, lJTO HeT IIc06xo;!.IIMOCTII JJ:JI5I 06"bHCHCHIIH Ba30MOTOpHbIX
peaKIJ,Hii nplI6eraTb K aKCOH-peQ.J.aeKC}', rOBopliT ]\\IOJI.lep (1937).
MaJIbMe)j{aK (1939) B CBoeM OOJlbWOI\I 0630pe 0 MeCTHblX cocY-
Jl.HCTbIX perY.1HUHHX TIlIU1eT, lJTO npe;r.CTaBoilellHc 06 O.'J.HOl\1 II TOM )j{e
HepBHOM BOJIOKHe H 'rYBCTBIITeJIbHOI\l, iI Ba30MOTOpIl0l\1 O;J.HOBpeMeH-
HO lie Y.I1.0BJICTBOpHCT pa3YM H lJTO np06JIcl\la aKCOIl-peepJIeKCa
He 06JIa;J.aeT ellJ.e .I1.0CTaTOIIHoii 3KCneplll\!eIlTaJlbIlOfl iI l\IOpQ.JOJ10rlllJe-
CKOH 6a30ii.
WH3H (1941) BblCKa3bIBaCT COMlleHlIe no nOBoJJ:y YlJaCTlfH aKCOH-
peQ.JJleKTOpHoro l\IeXaHil3Ma Ba30.'J.IlJIHTa1U1I1 B HOpl\la.:lbllbIX cpII3HO.l0-
rHlJeCKiI'X YCJIOBHHX. 06 3TOM )KC roBOpllT H M. M. LLeHllceHho
(1947). o 33TP Y,'lHCHIISI X, B03H1IKaIOIUllX npil npllHHT1II1 rIII10Te3bI 06
aKcoH-pecpJleKCe, II 0 HeHCHOCTII CXel\lbI 5cii:IIIca rOBoplIT A. r. fH-
HeUIIHcIUIi'J (1947).
HenpaB,'1.OnoJJ:ooHoll CIIHTaeT rJII10Te3Y 5ciL1l1ca JIIIII.'J.3eJI (1950),
TaK KaK olla lie nO;J.T13ep)K.'J.aeTcSl Bpel\Iellllbl I11 OTHOU1ellll5IMIl Me)K;J.Y
pa3JJ:pmKeHHeM II peaKlJ.lleii.
11 ,'I.a)j{e BII60 (1938), nOInopll13wuii onblTbI I3eiiJIllca, npllxo.'J.IIT
K BbIBO.'J.Y, lJTO qm3110.10rJl'leCI,aH )'T1I.11l3aUilH (peHO:\!CHa 3a;r.HeKO-
pewhoBoi'I na30JJ:ilJIHTalUIII lie .I1.OI.;a3aJJa.
BbIwe }')KC roBOpllJIOCb, 'ITO Clla'IaJIa BYoIl,lap;r. (1926), a nOTOM
feHJIOp (1934), 06HapY)lUIB, 'ITO lJ)'BCT13I1TeJlbHble Ol\OHlJaHIISl CBO-
HMH neTBHMH pacnOJIaralOTCH II lIa cocY.'J,ax, II B oKpY)KalOllJ.eii CO-
eJl.HHHTeJlbHOii TKaHII, BbICI,a3aJIIICb B nOollb3Y Toro, 'ITO TahaH CTPYK-
Typa peuel1TOpOB II ooecne'IIIBaeT coc}'.il.opaCWllpmollJ.lIii :\lexaHII3:\!
B COOTBeTCTBll1I C rImOTC30H 5eiiJlllca.
Ha TaKylO )j{e TOlJKY 3peHII5I BCTa,ll1 5. II. JIaBpellTbeB (1943),
a 3aTeM B. H. IIJIbIIlJa (1946), E. 1\.. Oolle1Jh,Ona (1948a), r\. .\\. .ihI-
XOBCUKIIH (1948), B. M. fO.'J.1I11013 (19486), A. C. AJlbTWYJlb (1948),
H. f. Ci\mpHOBa (1948), r. A. 1\.06:1013 (19;)0), 10. II. ClenKoB
(19;)26), TpaKT}'5I HaOJllo;J.ac lble IIl\IH KapTIIHbl lIIHIepBalJ.lIII O.'J.HII:\I
peuenTopoM (nOJIilBaJleIlTHbIM, no IIX Tepl\lIlHOJlorJm) COCY,'I.OB iI co-
ce.'J.HilX Y ' lacTlwB OI';PY)lGlIOIlJ.IIX TKalleii.
Bce CKa3aHHoe OTHOCIITCJIbllO lIeQ.J1I3110,10rlIlJHOCTII npe.'J.cTaB.le-
HHH 06 aHTII,'I.poMIlOM np013c.'J.eIIIIII mmYJlbCa B npe;r.CJlaX HeiipoHa,
HaXO,'l.HllJ.erOC5I B COCTaBC peLjJJICKTOpHOii .1)'1'11, OTHOCIITCH II K npe.l1.-
CTaBJIeHHHM BYJlJlaplJ.a (1926) II OCTaJlbHbIX aBTopoB, C'I1ITaJOIlJ.IIX,
lJTO lJaCTb pell.enTOpa 1\l0)l{eT urpaTb pOJlb LjJ pepeHT!lOrO MeXaHI13Ma.
304
Ba>KIIOCTb 4Y13CTBl1TeJlbllbIX OKOll'Ia II II ii, 06J1a/l.alOill.HX 60JlblllOH
npoTSDKelIlIocTblO H OX133TblGaI0I..U.IIX CHOHMII 13en351MII Y4aCTKH co.
e;I.IIHIITeJlbIIOi.f TKalIH, BKJllOlJalOIlJ.eii H COCY.l1.bl, y}!(e Ou.eHeHa B COOT-
13eTcT13YIOI..U.IIX r :1313ax. 3;I.eCb }!(e IIY>KHO nO.l1.4epKIIYTb, liTO TaKaH
crpYKTypa peu.emOpOB HH 13 KOCM CJlYLIae lIe MO>KeT CJlY}!(I[Tb .11.0130-
):lOM 13 1I0Jlb3Y KOHlI.enll.llii JIelIrJIII II 5ciiJIIlca, nOTOMY liTO aKCOH-
peq)JjeKC013 II 3HTHJJ:p0i\1HOii nCpe;(3'1II HCp13HbIX HMnYJlbC013 13 HepB-
HOll CI1CTe:\le HOp!l1aJlbHO LPYHKlI.II01IIlPYIOI..U.erO opraHII3Ma He
6bIBaeT.
. TaKli:\1 06pa30M, nmOTe3Y DciLll1ca 06 aIITH,1.pOMHO:\1 aKcoH-pe<t>-
.1eh, TOplIOM Mexall1l3:\le Ba30;I.IlJIH rall.lIH HyLKHO ocra13lITb KaK HenpH-
rO):lHYIO, oCllo13aHHYIO Ha npoH3BoJlbHO:\1 j{onYI..U.eHIHI II He Oo-MICHHIO-
I..U.YIO HaomO;J.aeMbiX <P aK T013.
CJIe;I.YIOw.aH hOUlI.enll.lI5I, lIbITaJOI..U.aHC5I BCKpblTb l\1eXaHH3M 13a-
30;I.1I:IHTau.III1, npllHa;I.Jle>KHT PeHcollY (1922). 06I1apY}!<H13, liTO pe<t>-
JIeKTOpHO 13bl3bl13ae lOe paClllllpeHHe COCY.l1.013 MO>KHO npeJ10TBpaTHTb
npll nOMOIlJ.1I 13HYTpll13eHHoro BBC,1C1II15l IIHKOTlIHa, 011 npe,1J.nO.'IO>KHJI,
41'0 3TOT petP.'1eKTopHbJii nYTb B1(JI!OllaeT Cllllanc 13 CnHHHO;\103r0130M
Y3.'1e. B ):l13YX CJIC,1J.YIOill.I1X pa60Tax, BbInOJIHeHHbIX C013MeCTHO C
Yaih leuO:\I (Wightman), PCHCOH (1922a, b) HaCTall13aeT Ha Ha-
JIHlIHH CHHanca clIMnaTIILIecKoii npHpo;J.bl no XO,1J.y nYTlI cocY,'lopac-
lllllpHIOIlJ.CrO pe,pJIeKCa H C411TaeT, 'ITO HallOOJICe 13epmITHo OIl pac-
nOJIO>KCH 13 cnllIlIIO:\Ia3rOBOM y3JIe. PeucoH C'llITaeT, liTO cocY.l1.0pac-
lllHpmO!l.l.IIC 130JlOKHa 13bIXOJJ:HT 113 CIUlHHoro M03ra no 3aJJ:HeMY,
a TaK Ke no ncpe.'l,HCMY KopelllKY, .I1.0 Tllr3IOT cnllUHOM03rOBoro Y3JIa
H IIa KJleTKaX, 13 HCM pacnOJIOJKelUlLlX, npepbwalOI'CH CIIHanTWleCKHM
annapaTO:\I.
K ::HOi'l KOIIu.enu.IIH npHMlmYJIlI DHlllon, Xci'IHoeKKep H O'J1l1pH
(1933), CLIIITa5l, 41'0 B 3a,1J.1U1X KopelllKax eCTb KJleTKH, 01' KOTOpblX
Ha411HaIOTC51 cocY.l1.0paClllHpmOI..U.lle BD.TIOKlJa, BXO.l1.5II..U.l1e 13 nepHCjJe-
pH'leCKllC HCp13bI. 110 cBoeii tP1I3HOJIOrHlJeCKOii Xapal<TepHCTHKe
3TlI Hep13lIble BOJlOKHa HCOT:1II4I1Mbl OT CHMnaTH'IeCKHX.
5ax (Bach, 1943, 19-16) pa13Hbl:\1 06pa30M C'IHTaeT, liTO 13 3a,1J.HeM
KopelllKe eCTb 3lp.pepeUTHblC HO;IOKua, 3aKaUlIII1331OUlUCCSl ClIHanTH-
lIecKHMII annapaTaMll B- CnIlHIJ0:\to3r0I30M Y3J1e.
lllJlllap 11 WOlllap (Chauchard ct Chauchard, 1946) XPOH3KCI1-
MeTpll'leCKli 11 <papMaKoJ10rH4ecKII 0611ap y}!<H.111 , LITO 3a,1.Hue KO-
pelllIm CO;J.Cp.IK:1T .:nelllla.1bHble cocY;J.opaCUlllpHIO!l.l.lie HeHpOHbI
C HeKOTopblMH Xapal<TepllCTHKaMIl CHI\III<lTlIlIeCKIIX_
K:1K 1I3BCCTHO, Kype (Kurc, 1929) lICnO:lb3013aJl ,1J.211Hbl PeH-
COHa H CBOII c06CTBeHUbl ua6:1I0;I.CIUIH JJ..'151 c03j{aHHSl TeopuH TaK
Ha3bIBaeMoro CnIlHa"1bHoro napaclI:\maTllKyca. COrJlaCHO 31'011 Teo-
pllll, 113 cnllIlHoro M03ra no 3aJJ.IIC:\IY KopelllKY 13bIXO..'lSlT 130JIOKHa,
KOTopble 3ahaH41IBLlIOTC5I CiluanTII4CCKIIMH annap3Ta U1 Ha Me.TJKHX
KJlCThaX CIIIIIIHOM03rOBblX Y3JI013, OTpOCfKH KOTOpbIX B C13OIO olle-
pe.l1.b I3bIXO,1J.51T 113 Y3J10B II pacnpOCTpaHHlOTCSl 13 nepH<t>epl\lleCKI1X
HepBax no opraHll3MY. 3roii-TO CIICTCMC 130;IOKOH Kype (1930) H):laJI
Ha3BaJlllC cnIlHaJlbHOrO napaCIIMnaTlIKyca, npllI1HCa13 ell COCY.l1.o-
20 T. A. rpllI"OpbCB3 305
pacIllHpsnOlll.ee II pH PYrHX, H3npHMep, Ha TOHYC CKeJleTHblX MbIUlU,
BJIHHHHe.
B pH e nOCJleJl.ylOllI.HX pa60T Kype (Kypc II Kajiyama, 1935)
pa3BIIBaeT CBOIO Teopmo. fIo OTHOUlCHIlIO K Ba30 HJlHTaUlIH OH,
B llaCTHOCTH, rOBopllT (Kype, Saito a. Okinama, 1936), no cYllI.eCTBY
nOBTopHH PeHcOlJa, IlTO no xo y cocy opaCUlllpHlOllI.cro IIMnYJlbCa,
KOTOpbIH BbIXO IIT 113 Cl1llHlIOrO M03ra no BOJIOKIJa:\f, paCnO.iIOJKeH-
HblM B 3a HIIX KopCUlKax, BCTaBJleIl HOBblii HeifpOH, JIe)Kalll.IIH
B CI1lIHHm.f03rOBG:\1 Y3Jle. Ha 3TO:\1 lICiipOHe 3qxf)l'peHTIIOe BOJIOKHO
OKaHllliBaeTCH CllHanTHlleCKHM annapaTOM, nepeJl.<1BaH eMY HepBHoe
B036YJK eHHe. nJI51 OKa3aTe.'IbCTBa 3Toro nepepblBa Kype IIcno.'lb-
30BaJI cpeHOMeH, Ha KOTOpOM OCIIOBbIBalOT CBOH 3aKJlIOlICHHSl II PeH-
COH H YaHTMeH (1922a), - npC.lJ.OTBpalll.eHlle Ba30.lJ.HJIHTaUIlII npli
pa3.lJ.pa)KeHHH 3a HHX KopeUlKOB npe BapHTeJIbHOH HHKOTIIHH3a-
l.J.Helf cnHHHOM03rOBblX Y3JIOB.
HeCOMHeHHO, liTO KOHucnUIIH Kype, B03HIIKUlaH B nopy CIIJIbHOrO
YBJIelleHHH npe CTaBJIelIlISlMH 06 a6COJIIOTHOM aHTarOHII3Me CIIMna-
THlleCKOrO H napacliMnaTHlIccKoro OT eJIOB aBToIloMHOii HepBHoH CII-
CTeMbl, H caMa HeCeT nellaTb CIIJlbHOrO BJIIISlHHH 3TIIX npe CTaBJIeHHii.
nOBe eHHe KpoBeHocHbIX COCY.lJ.OB KO)KH nO.lJ.pblBa.no KOHuenUHIO
06 aHTarOHIiCTlilieCKHX OTHOUlClIIlHX cliMnaTlIlleCKOii H napacHMna-
Tl1lleCKOH CIlCTeM: CIiMnaTHlleCKlie KOHCTpliKTOpbI 3TIIX cocY.lJ.OB
.lJ.aBHO 6blJIH H3BecTHbI, napacHMnaTlIlIecKlie )Ke .lJ.HJlSlTaTOpbl y HIIX
OTCYTcTBOBaJIH. O HaKo npeJJ:CTaBJleHIIH 06 06Sl3aTeJlbHOCTli aHTa-
rOHH3Ma cHMnaTHliecKoH H napaCHMnaTlllleCKOH IICpBHOH CHCTeMbI
rOcnO.lJ.CTBOBaJIIi HaCTOJIbKO, IlTO no cYU.lecTBY TeopliSl «cnllHaJlbHOrO
napacliMnaTHKyca» II 6bIJla C03J1.alla .AJISl nOMepJKaHIiSl c-rpoilHoCTII
3THX npe CTaBJIeHlIiL
C TelleHlleM BpeMeHH HaKanJIIIBaJIIiCb cpaKTbl 06 OTHOCIITeJIbHOCTIi
npoTIiBOnOJlOJKHOrO .lJ.eHCTBIiSl CIIMnaTHlleCKHX H napaClIl\maTlitle-
CKIIX HepBoB. O HoBpeMcHlIo nOHBJIHJIIiCb YTBepJK.lJ.eHHH 0 TOM, IlTO
pa3.lJ.eJIeHHe aBTOHOMIIOU HepBHoii CIiCTeMbl Ha CIlMnaTHlieCKYIO II
napaCHMnaTHlleCKYIO He nOKOIfTCSl Ha cpYH.lJ.aMeHTa.1bHbIX pa3J111-
IlI1SlX B Tline BOJIOKOH (XeiiH6eKep II 0' JIllpll, 1933).
B HaCTOSllll.ee BpeMH KpHTlIlJCCKIIH nepecMoTp Bonpoca 06 aHTa-
rOHHCTlIlleCKHX OTHOUlCHIISlX CIlMnaTlIlJeCKIIX II napaCIiMnaTllliecKllx
BOJIOKOH npe.ncTaBJISleT c060u HeOTJIO)KHY!O 3a,AalJY. COBpc:\leHHble
cpll3HOJIOfif OJl}KHbI ytlecTb, IlTO npn C03J1.aHlIn 3TOH KOHuenUlIII
6bIJla .lJ.OnYlll.eHa MeTOlUl'leCKaSl oIlm6Ka, 3aK.1101laBUlaSlCH B OTO)K.J,e-
CTBJIeHlln npe- n nOCTraHrJIlIOHapHblx BOJIOKOH: 1I:\leHHO Ha HenpaBo-
MOIlHblX cpaBHeHIISlx eiicTBIIH nOCTraHrJlIIOHapIlblx BOJIOKOH cmma-
Tl1lleCKOU HepBHoH CIICTCMbl II npCraIlrJlIIOHapIlblx «napaclI:o.maTlIlle-
CKOH» H nOKOHTCH 3aKJIlOlielIliSl 06 aHTarOIlll3Me 3TIIX CIICH':\L
COBpe!\leIlHbIM epll3110JIOra:\f IIeo6xolJ.HMO YlleCTb Te311C H. 1\\. Ce-
lIeHOBa (1860), IlTO «IIepBoB, 3a,'IJ'p}IHlBaIOIlI.IIX .lI.Blf}l(eHlle, HeT»_
HY)J<HO BCKpblBaTL MexalIlf3:o.1bl TOp M03HIlI.If X BJIllmmii, ytlHTbI-
BaH If .lI.OCTIIJKCHHSl COBpCMeIlHoii MOpcpOJIOrHlI, TOtlHO nOKa3bIBalOIlI.eii,
liTO HeT HH O Horo KpliTepHSl, I<OTOpblii MO}KIIO 6blJlO 6bl no.'lO)J<HTb
306
B OCHOBY CTPYKTYPHbIX pa3JIH'lHiI CHMnaTH'leCKOil II napaCHMnaTH-
'leCKOU lwcTelJ aBTOHOMHOH BepBl-101i CHCTeMbI.
Ho He TOJIbKO Ha OCHOBaBHH 3THX 06CTOHTeJlbCTB KOHuenUHH
Kype He MOLKeT 6bITb npllHHTa. OHa caMa no ce6e HMeeT ueJlblU pHJI.
CJIa6bIX MeCT.
Bo-nepBblx, B p5IJI.e OTJI.eJIOI3 OpraHl-l3Ma (B KOHe'lBOCTHX, B TY-
JIOBlHll.e) CHMnan-l'leCKHe BOJIOK Ja 5IBJIHIOTCH eJI.HHCTBeBBbIMH, npeJI.-
CTaBJleHHblMII B KallCCTBe JI.BHraTeJIbHbIX BOJIOKOH COCYJI.HCTOU CTeHKH,
T. e. KaK pa3 B Tex OTJI.eJIaX, JI.JIH 06HapYLKeHJlH napacHMnaTH'leCKlIX
BOJIOKOH KOTOpbIX H 6bIJia C03jJ:aHa KOHuenUlIH «cnHHaJIbHOrO napa-
CHMnaTHKyca», 3TH nOCJle}J.BHC npOJI.OJILKaIOT OTCYTCTBOBaTb.
BO-BTOPbIX, Y Kype, KaK H Y PeHCOHa, BeT jJ:OCTaTO'lHbIX OCHOBa-
HHH YTBepLKJI.aTb HaJIH'lHe CIIUanTH'leCKOrO nepepblBa 3$PepeHTHoro
3aJI.HeKOpellIKOBoro BOJIOKHa B cnHHHOM03rOBOM Y3JIe. HH Kype,
HH PeHCOH 3Toro CHHanca C }J.OCTOBepHOCTblO MopcpOJIOrH'leCKH He
06HapYLKHJIH.
CaM no ce6e Bonpoc 0 CTpYKType cnHHHOM03rOBbIX Y3JIOB B OKOH-
qaTeJIbHOM BHJI.e He pellIeH JI.O CHX nop. C O}J.HOH CTOpOHbl, Bce HCCJIe-
JI.OBaTeJIH cor JIaCHbl B TOM, 'lTO OCHOBHOH ero COCTaBHOH 'laCTblO
SIBJIHIOTCSI nCeBJI.oYHHIlOJIHpHbIC KpynHble H MeJIKHe acpcpepeHTHbIe
HeupOHbI.
3TH HeupOHbI HJI.eHTHcpHUHPYKITCH no HanpaBJIeHHIO OTpOCTKOB
H HHCCJIeBCKOH 3epHHCTOCTH.
C JI.pyrou CTOPOHbl, C JI.aBHHX nop B COCTaBe cnHHHOM03rOBbIX
Y3JIOB onHCbIBalOTCH CHMnaTH'IeCKHe I{JIeTKH (A. C. jJore.rrb, 189713;
Lugaro, 1905; KHllI, 1932). OJI.HaKo Bce aBTOpbl, OnHCbIBaIOlll.He 3TH
CHMnanl'leCKHe KJIeTKH, eJI.HHO}J.YllIHbl B TOM, 'ITO nOCJIe}J.HHe npejJ:-
CTaBJleHbl eJI.HHH'lHbIMH 3K3eMnJIHpaMH, T. e. JI.JISI cpYHKUHOHaJIbHoro
3Ha'leHHH cnHHHOM03rOBbIX Y3JIOB 3Ha'leHlUI HMeTb He MorYT.
Eho nOCJleJI.Hee YTBepLK}J.eHHe nOJI.KpenJI51eTC51 He}J.aBHHMH HCCJIe-
JI.OBaHHHMH M. M. jJeHlIC€HKO (1947), nOKa3aBllIero, 'ITO B cnHHHO-
M03roBblX Y3JlaX OTCYTCTBYIOT cBoHCTBa, xapaKTepH3YlOIUHe Y3JIbI
BereTanlBHoif HepBHolJ CHCTeMbI - MYJlbnmJIHKaUHH, CYMMaJJHH
H YClIJIHTeJlbIW51 TpaHccpopMaUHH HMnYJIbCoB.
H. r. KOJIOCOB H r. A. flOJIHKapnOBa (1935a) He nO}J.TBep}J.HJIH
HaJIH'IlIH 3cpcpepellTHbIX 3aJI.HeKopellIKOEblX BOJIOKOH, 06pa3YIOlll.HX
CHHanTH'leCIUlC annapa1bI Ha lIeilpOlJaX, paCnOJIOLKeHHbIX B cnHH-
HOM03rOBblX Y3Jlax.
TaKIIM 06pa30M, cpaKTbI He n03BOJI5IlOT nplIHHTb KOHUenUHIO Kype
JI.JIH 06'bHCHellHH paCllIlIpellH51 COCYJI.OB. OHa TaK me MaJIO npIl-
rO}J.Ha B 3TOM OTHOllIeHIIH, KaK II KOHucnUHSI Eeihmca.
no TeM LKe caMblM coo6pa}J{CHHHM, KOTopbIe BblCKa3aHbI npoTilB
KOHuenUIIii aKCOH-peepJICKCa H CTIlmaJlbHOrO napaCHMnaTHKyca,
HenpIleMJleMOil 5IBJI51eTCSI H nOnbITKa J1. A. Op6eJIH (1938) H
B. P. COHHHa (1938a, 6) 06'be}J.lIHIITL CTapbIe npejJ:cTaBJIeHHH
EeUJIHca C 1I0BbIMH Kype II TeM C03}J.aTb nmOTe3Y, 06'bHCHHlOlll.YIO
lIeCb cpaKTIIllcCKliH MaTepHaJi no Ba30}J.HJIHTaUIUI 6e3 npoTHBope-
'IHH H 3aTpY.l-l.HeHHu.
20*
307
KaK H3BeCTII0, Op6eJIlI C(UnaeT, (no B 3a HeM KopeUlKe npe -
CTaBJleHa caMOCTOH reJlbHaH CIICTCMa ueHTp06C)j{JIblX BOJIOKOH, Ha-
qlJua!OI.UI1XCH B Cnl1HHOM M03ry II IIpeJ1.lIa3lIaqelIHblX JIH lIepe aqH
na lIepmp,'pI1l0 cocy opacUlllpmOI.Uero HMnYJIbca. 3TH BOJlOKHa )1.0-
XO .IT 110 ClII1HHOM03rOBoro Y3J1a If 3}J.eCb 06pa3YIOT CHHalITlfqeCKlfe
alIlIa JaTbl (T. e. OKaHIIHBaIOTCH) Ha qYBCTBIlTeJIbHblX nceB;I.oYHHno-
J1HPW,IX W'HpOHax. OpHHecelllIblii IIMH IIMnYJIbC pacnpOCTpaHHeTCH
)l.aJlb'Ut' no neplllix pHqeCKIlM OTpOCTKaM 3TIIX HeiipOHOB aIITl111.pOMHO,
)l.OCTlfr.-leT COCYlI.OB If BbI3bIBaeT IIX paCUlllpeHlle. C06CTBeHHO ro-
BOpH, r,more3a J1. A. Op6eJll1 HBJlHeTCH HeKOTopblM HHBepTllpOBaH-
HblM OTJ)pmKelmC\1 Bb1CKa3aJ1Il0i1 B CBoe BpeMH Eapll.lI (Bardy,
1915) MblC.ll1 0 T0M, 'iTO B cocYlI.OpaCWllpHIOI.UeM aKCOH-pecjJ,leKce
aHTH pmIH'>lii: I1MnYJlbC C HepBHoii BeTO'lKH qYBCTBIITeJlbHOrO BO-
JIOKHa nep:.'I.a T:;H Me THOll Ba30:\1OTopHOH raHrJII103HOH KJIeTKe,
a OT Hee ym K cocy.ay
Ho HII nep!"I)( pll'leCKaH CIIMnaTlflleCKaH KJleTKa Eap)l.H, nOJIyqalO-
I.UaH a HTII}1.pO'\-11I blii HMny.r.bC C lIyBcTBIITeJIbHOrO Bo.aOIma, HH ClI-
Hanc Op6eJlH Ha lIYBCTBllr JlbHO:\! Hei1poHe cnHHHOM03rOBoro Y3JIa,
HK06bl npOBO WI{eM IIMnYJII Cbl aHTII}J.pOMHO Ha nepHcpepl1l0, He e-
JIaIOT o6e 3TII rlinOTe3bI npllro HblMH J].JIH 06"hHCHeHHH HBJIeHHii:,
KOTopbIe OHH nbITaIOrCH OO"h'CHIITb.
06e OHlI BKJIlOllJIOT a6coJllo. HO aHTHcjJH3HOJIOrHlIeCI<HH MOMeHT -
npoBe eHlle HepBH) 0 B03»)"iK)J.eHIIH npoTHB xo a pecjJ,leKTop-
HOH yrH.
CUMnaTHqeCKaH KJIeTKa, a>Ke eCJIU OHa JIe>KIfT B COCY}J.HCTOM
CnJIeTeHHU, nOJlY'IaeT HMnYJIbC He OT nepucjJepH'IeCKOrO OTpOCTKa
qYBCTBIfTeJlbHoro HelipOHa.
Hei1polI, cHa6>KeHHbIlf CIUlan rHqeCKHM annapaTOM, mKe eC,lH
OH JIe>KIIT B cnIlHHO\\"03rOBOM Y3JIe, He HBJIHeTCH acjJ:j:JcpeHTHbl\f
HeiipOHOM.
B. P. Comm (1938a, 6) B CBOUX HCCJIe;I.OBaHHHX na6JI!O;I.aJl,
(lTO npH nepepe3Ke 3a}J.Hero IwpewKa H pa3 pa>KeHUH ero nepHcjJe-
pHqeCKOrC KOIlLI.a H3:\-ICHHeTCH B036Y HMOCTb BHraTeJlbHoro HepBa
H 06Hapy>KIfBa1OTcfI OTKJIOHeHlfH B HOpMaJlbHo\\" COCTOHHIIU TpmjmKII
CKe.rreTHbIX MbIWU. 113 3TUX Ha6.'1IO'1.eIIHii B. P_ Comm ..'1.e,laeT BbIBO.J"
liTO 3a HHii KOpCllIOK cO}J.epmHT 3.jJ.pepeIlTllble BOJlOKHa, KOTopble
OKaHqUBalOTCH lIa acjJ:j:JcpeHTHblx lIeiipollax cnilHII0:\103rOBoro Y3J1a.
TCM CaMbl\! cnllllIlO:\103roBOIf Y3eJI, no B. P. COHlmy, npeBpaI.UaeTCH
B (IYBcTBHTeJIbliblii U BerCTaTlIBHblii O}J.lloBpcMeIlHo, oTJIllqaloI.Uuii:cfl
OT 06bl'lHbiX BereTaTlfBllblX Y3Jl0B TCM, 'ITO HMnYJlbC 113 ero Heiipo-
HOB Ha nepIICpepmo nepe aeTCH aHTlf.'1.pO:\HIO.
HeCOMllellIlO, ,AaHHbIC B. P. COIII1l1a 0 BJIHHHIIlI 3a,AIICKOpeUlKO-
BblX BOJIOKOH 113 COCTomIlIe ,ABUraTe.'1bHbIX HepBOB II CKe.leTHbiX
MbIWLI. OqeHb IIInCpeCHbI. I-Io 06"hHCnCHlIe II\\" Ha}J.O IICKaTb B cjJU3lfO-
JIOrJlqeCKIIX B3aHMOOTHOUlelIIiHX HHHepnaIJ.110nHblX CIICTeM, a He
npH6eraTb JIH 3Toro K npOH3BOJIbHbJ:\i cxeMaM.
B qaCTHOCTII, ,AJIH npaBHJIbHOrO OCMblCJlHBaHUH Ha6JI!O;I.aeMb1X
B. P. ConHHblM SlBJICHHii 60JlbWe nplfrO,AHLI cjJaKTbI H co06pa>KeHHSI
308
M. H. JIammcKorO (l902a). BH)].H )].BHraTeJlbHble pacCTpoiiCTBa H
aTpOcpHlI B COOTBeTCTBYJOll IIX MbIWIl.aX nplf nCpCpe3Ke 3a)].HHX KO-
peWKOB CnHliHOrO M03ra, M. 1 I. JIamlHcKHii 06'bHCHHeT HX TeM, (ITO
B 3TOM cJlyqae MOTOHCHpOHbl CnHlIHOrO M03ra nO)].BeprmOTCH naTO-
J10rBqeCKIIM H3MeHeHHHM BCJle)].CTBHe )].erCHepaIl.l1H OKaHqBBaJOIl1.BXCH
Ha HBX I<OJlJlaTepaJleH 3a)].HeKopeWKOBbIX BOJlOKOH. M. H. JIanHH-
CKBH BHlIeJl Ha CBOIiX npenapaTax THrpOJlB3 H )].pyrue H3MeHeHHH
B MOTOHeHpOHax COOTBCTCTBYIOW,HX cerMeHTOB.
B CBH31f C 3TIIM npHX01I5IT Ha P.I lIallHble H. M. Bep3BJlOBa
(1898a, 6) B H. 5I. Pa3)].oJlbcKoro(1928), KOTopblenpOCJle)].HJlH pacnpo-
cTpaHeHHe 3a)].HeKopelllKoBblX BOJlOKOH )].0 MOToHeiipoHoB cnHliHoro
M03ra, a T3K».e JI. A. nqemlHoii (1948, 1951), KOTopaH BH)].eJla
npH nepepe3Ke 3a)].IHJX KopewKoB )].ereHepaJUIJO CHHanCOB Ha KJleT-
Kax nepe)].HHx poroB.
KpoMe TOro, ceiiqac H3BeCTHO, KaKHe TH)I{eJlbie HapyweHHH
KpoBOCHa6)1{eHHH pa3BHBaJOTcH B )].eaqxpepeHTHpoBaHHblx TKaHHX
(T. A. rpHropbeBa, 1951B; VI. ]1. JIcB, 1953). 3TH HapyweHHH,
KOHeqHO, He MorYT He OTpa3BTbCH H Ha CPYHKIl.HOHHpOBaHHH CKeJleT-
HbIX MbIWIl. 06J1aCTH, 3a]lHHe KopeWKH KOTOpoii nepepe3aHbl.
TaKIIM 06pa30M, H 3Ta KOHIl.enIl.HH, npe)].JlO)l{eHHaH JI. A. Op6e.rm
(1938), HCXO)].51W,aH H3 cpaKTHqCCKHX )].aHHbIX B. P. COHHHa
(1938 a, 6) H nblTalOIl1.aHCH npHMHpHTb npoTHBOpeqHH nmOTe3 BeH:-
JlBCa H Kype, He MO)l{eT YJlOBJleTBOpHTb Tpe60BaHHHM, npe)].'bHBJlHe-
MblM K CPH3HOJlOnlqeCKOii TCOpllH: aHa He BCKpbIBaeT HepBHoro
MexaHH3Ma paCllIHpeHHH COCY)].OB, KaK He MorYT 3Toro c)].eJlaTb
KOHIl.enIl.HH BeiiJlBCa II Kype.
]1mI peweHHH Bonpoca 06 yqaCTHlI OT)].eJleHHOrO OT cnHHHoro
M03ra aqxpcpeHTHoro HelipoHa B COCY)].BCTbIX peaKIl.HHX HY)I{Ha TW,a-
TeJlbHaH COBMCCTHaH pa60Ta cpH3HOJlOrOB B MopcpOJlOrOB, HanpaBJleH-
HaH lIa HCCJle)].OBaHHH CBH3eii 3a)].HeKopeWKOBoro BOJlOKHa C Y3JlaMH
BereTaTIIBHOH HepBHoii CIICTeMbl.
Ha6J1JO)].aeMoe B onblTax B. PO)l{aHCKOro (1889) nOBblllleHBe )].aB-
JleHBH npB pa3)].pa)l{eHHII Il.ellTpaJlbHOrO KOHIl.a qpeBHOro HepBa
Y )l{IJBOTlIbIX C y)].aJleHHblM CnIlHHblM M03roM YKa3bIBaeT Ha pecpJleK-
TOpHbIli MexaHH3M, Il.eJlHKOM pacnOJlO)l{eHHblH BHe cnHHHoro M03ra.
CaM B. PO)l{aHCKHH 06'bHCHHeT 06HapY)I{eHHOe HM HBJleHHe TeM, qTO
Y3J1bl CBMnaniqeCKOH Il.enOqKH npe)].cTaBJlHJOT c060ii TOlUlqeCKHe H
pecpJleKTOpHble COCYJlHCTbIe Il.eHTpbl. 3T0 06'bHCHeHBe, HeCOMHeHHO,
BepHO. Ho Tor)].a )].eJlaeTCH He06xo)].IIMOii CBH3b aqxpcpeHTHbIx Heii-
pO HOB cnHHHOM03rOBblX Y3J10B C 3qxpepCHTHblMH lIeiipOHaMH Y3J10B
BereTaniBHOIi HepBHoii CHCTeMbl. EhY-TO CBH3b H Ha)].o ceiiqac HCKaTb
BceMH JlOCTynHblMH cpe)].CTBaMII.
BeCCHJlHe BCKpbITb pecpJleKTOpHblH McxaHB3M pacwupeHHH CO-
CY)].OB npH pa3Jlpa)l{eHHH qYBCTBIfTeJlbHoro IH:'HpOHa nopO)].HJlO eIl1.e
O)].HY nOJUlep)l{lfBaeMYIO raCKeJlJlOM (1916), JIeHrJlH (1923b)
H Il.eJlblM p5l)].OM )].Pyrux HCCJleJlOBaTeJleii. OCHOBHblM B 3TOH TeopHH
HBJlHeTCH TO, qTO OHa CqHTaeT, qTO B MOMeHT B036Y)I{)].eHHH qYB-
CTBHTeJlbHbIX BOJlOKOH Ha nepHcpepml npOHCXO)].HT oCB06mK)].eHHe
309
MeTa60Jll1TOB, KOTOpbIe II Bbl3bIBalOT paCUlHpeHHe KamWJlHpOB H
MeJlKHX BeH OpraHa.
366cKe (Ebbecke, 1917) pacnpoCTpamiJI cnoc06HoCTb K BbIJ].e-
J1eHHIO MeTa60Jll1TOB H Ha TKalleBbIe KJleTl{l!, C'lllTaH, 'lTO MeTa60-
J1HTbI npeJ].CTaBJlHIOT c060ii np0J].YKTbI 6eJlKOBOrO pacnaJ].a. TeoplfH
MCTa6oJllITOB J].J1H o6"hHcHeHHH Ba30J].IIJ1HTau.1II1 C TO'lKI1 3peHHH
366eKc HMeeT TO npeIiMYLU.eCTBO, 'lTO OHa 3KOHOMIIIJHa, He npHB.le-
KaeT HHKaKIiX Hel13BeCTHhIX u.eHTpOB II CnJleTeHIIH, a HeKOTopble OCO-
6eI-IHOCTH cocYJ].opaCUlHpmOLU.ero BJlHHHIIH BpOJ].e J].JIIIHHOrO J1aTeHT-
Horo nepHOJ].a B cpeHOMeHe 5eHJIIICa C'lllTaeT caMO c060ii nOHHTHbIMH.
B CBoe BpeMH 5apKpocpT (Barcroft, 1907/1908) nblTaJlCH J].a)l{e
OTpHU.aTb I1aJIII'lHe B 6apa6aHHoii CTpYHe HepBHhlx MexaHII3MOB
Ba30J].I1J1HTau.HH, C'lHTaH HX 113J1HIIIIHIMH Ha TOM OCHOBaHlIH, 'lTO
MeTa60J1IITbi MorYT 06eCnC'lIITb Hc06xoJ].IIMOe J].JIH cpII3HOJlOflI'leCKHX
npOu.eCCOB B CJlIOIiHOH )l{eJlC3e paCIIIHpeHIIC COCYJ].OB.
npllBep)l{eHu.eM TeopllH MCTa6oJlHTOB B o6"hHcHeHHII COCY!I,H-
CTblX peaKu.Hii KO)l{H HBJlHCTCH JIblOHC (1927), C'lliTalOIlllHf, 'lTO rH-
CTaMHH IIJlH eMY 3KBIIBaJleHTHhie BeLU.eCTBa B03H11KaJOT B TKaHHX
npH HeKoTopbIX cpopMax cpll3H 1 ICCKIIX CTHMYJlOB II J].eHcTBYIOT Ha co-
CYllbI, ux pacIIIHpHH. 3TY )l{e TO'lKY 3pCHHH JIblOl1C pa3BHBaeT II
B pH.n nOCJIellYIOIllHx pa60T (JI, blOIIC 1927; JIblOIIC, rpaHT H Mep-
BHH, 1927). Ero nO.lJ.)].ep)l{HBaIOT A. A. HHKHTlIH (1947) H 116panIM
(Ibrahim), CTeJlJla H TaJlaaT (Ta1aat, 1951). He npe,'I.peiliaH
Bonpoca 0 XHMHIIeCl<OM XapaKTE'pC MCTa6oJIIITOB IWII C'lHTaH IIX BeLU.e-
CTBaMI1 TlIna au.eTHJI XOJl Hila , npllBJIeKalOT HX B Ka'leCTBe npH'lHH-
HOro MOMeHTa Ba30J].IIJlHTau.1H1 A. B. KH6HKoB (1928, 1931), rpaHT
(1937/1938), BII60 (1938) Ii 5ax (Bach, 1946).
KaK BHJ].HO II3 H3J10)l{eHHOrO, nepBOHa'laJlbllO npeJ].noJIaraJlOCb,
GTO XHMH'leCKlie BelI eCTBa, Bbl3bIBalOLU.ue pacIIIHpelllIe COCYJ].OB,
Bbl1I.eJIHIOTCH OKOH'laHHHMH pa3J].pa)l{aCMOrO IIYBCTBIITeJIhHOrO HepBa,
3areM paiioH HX B03HIIKHOBeHIIH 6bIJI pacIIIlIpeH II CTaJi BKJlIOGaTb
II oKpY)I{alOLU.He YGaCTKII TKaHCH. Ca!\UI MeTa6o.TIIlThl npeBpaTII.lliCb
B np0J].YKTbI 6eJIKOBOrO TKaHeBoro pacnaJ].a, 60JIee Bcero CXOJ].Hhle
C rHCTaMI1HOM. 3aTeM rHcTaMIiHonon.06HbI\1I1 npO,'I.YKTaMH pacnan.a
caMoro HepBa CTaJIII 06"hHCIIHTh paCIIIlIpeHlle COCYJ].OB B 06JIaCTII,
GYBCTBliTeJIbHbIH HE'PB KOTOpOH nepepC3aH H J].ereHcplIpyeT
(A. A. HIIKIITHH, 1947). 11, lIal<OHeu., XIIMIi'leCKaH xapaKTepHCTlIKa
cocYJ].opacIIIHpHIOLU.IIX npll pa3,'I.pa)l{eHim 'lYBcTBIITe.lbllbIX HepBoB
BeLU.eCTB 6hl.:)a pacIIIlIpeHa II I{ HIIM 6hlJIII npl1'lIiCJIeHbl au.eTIIJ1XO.'IIIH
Ii nOJ].o6Hble eMY np0J].YKTbI, aMIiHOKIICJlOTbl, cpaKTopbI IUlCJlOTHO-LU.e-
J10'lHOrO paBHoBecliSl II llaJKe ropMoHbl (Brouha, 1926; Kurz a.
Lcane, 1927; Redisch, 1923).
TaKHM 06pa30M, B KOHu.enu.IH1 MeTa6oJIHTOB-Ba301UIJlSlTaTO-
pOB 6blJIIi 06"heJ].HHeHhl (no J].eikTBIlIO Ha COCYJ].) pa3J].pa)l{eHlIe II J].ere-
Hepau.I1H GYBCTBHTCJlbHOrO lIepBa H caMble pa3Hoo6pa3Hbie npoJ].YKTbI
HOpMaJIbHOrO II naTOJIOrll'leCKOrO MeCTHoro TKaHeBoro Ii 06Illero 06-
MeHa. BpeMCHaMII 3TH XIIMII'leCKlie MeJ].HaTopbI npOCTO nOCTYJIHpO-
BaJlHCb B l{aGeCTBe cpaKTopOB COCYllliCTOro paCilillpeHIIH 6e3 XHMHGe-
310
CKoro IICCJle.n.OBaIIHH, 06HapY}lUlBaJOLU.erO HX B TKaHHX (A. A. HH-
KHTlIlI, 1947; 11. n. JIeB, 1953).
HecoMHNIHO, lJTO B 06J1aCT5IX npoTeKaulIH 06MeHHbIx peaKu.HH -
B cOCY.J.llcTOT!,aHCBblx ejI,HHHu.ax TpoqJHlJeCKOH CHCTeMbl opra-
HH3Ma - B03II1IKaeT II .n.eiiCTByeT MHO>KeCTBO BelII.eCTB, H3 KOTOpblX
HeKoTopble MorYT H3MCUHTb KaJlll6p II npOlIllu.aeMocTb KanHJlJlHpoB.
Ho .n.JIH TOro, lJT06bl 3T1! nl'LU.eCTBa npcBpaTH.rmcb B cpaKTopbl cocY-
.n.HCToro pacumpeHIISJ B opraUlI3Me, T. e. tIT06bl OHH MOrJlH BOBJlelJb
B .n.eiicTBlle OT.n.C.1blIbIC lJaCTH u.eJloCTHoii cocy.n.liCTOH CHCTeMbl C KOM-
neHcaTopHbl lII peaKUH5IMII B OCTa.'IbHbIX, OHII .n.O.'I>KHbl .n.eHcTBoBaTb
lJepe3 CIICTe ty 06LU.eii pcrYJlSJUIIlI, T. e. lJepe3 HepllHble MexaHH3Mbl.
TaKIIM 06pa30M, KOHu.enUHSJ MeTa60JlHTOB-Ba30.n.HJlHTaTOpoB
ec.aH B KaKoii-:muo Mcpe H npo';IHBaeT CBeT Ha npoTeKallHe caMblX
Y3KOMCCTHbiX COCy.n.IICT0061>CMlIbIX peaKIUlii B 06J1aCTH KamIJIJlHp-
Horo PYCJla, TO no OTUOIllCUHIO K BCKpblTHlO MexalIH3MOB paCIllHpe-
HHH coc, y.n.OB K3K CIICTeMHOH peaKUIIH, SJBJlHeTCH necoCTOHTeJIbHoH.
Do cYLU.eCTBY OHa caM3 Tpe6yeT TeopHlI, I\OTopaH OO"hHCHIiJIa 6bl 06-
lII.lIe peaKUIiH KpOBCIlOCHOii CIICTe:\1bl, oOCCnelJHBalOLU.He MeCTHble
06:\1eHlIble npoueccbl, KOMnOHCHTOM KOTOpblX HBJIHeTCH H pacIllHpe-
HHe l,anHJlJlSJpon.
CYllteCTBYIOLU.aH co BpeMen JIeHrJlH TeH.n.elIu.HH paClJJlenHTb Bere-
TaTlfBuylO HepBHYlOcHCTCMY Ha .n.Ba aHTarOHHCTlIlJeCKHX OT.n.eJla-CHM-
naTHlJeCKHii II napaCIIi\lIIaTll t lCcKHii - B JlHU.C JIeBIl (Loewi, 1921,
1922), l\eHHoua (1933) II lJeiiJla (Dale, 1938a, b; Dale a. Feld-
berg, 1934a, b) HaIll.'Ia nocJle.n.oBaTe.'Ieii, HanpaBJIHIOLU.HX CBOH YCH-
JlIIH H3 ee nOMCp}l,aHHe. K3K H3BeCTHO, JIeBH npH pa3.n.pa>KeHHH
6JIY}I(.n.aJoLU.ero Hepna 06IIapY>KHJI B nponycKaeMoii lJepe3 cep.n.u.e
:>KH.n.KOCTIl BeLU.CCTBO (Vagusstoff), KOTopoe H8 .n.Pyroe cep.n.u.e OKa3bl-
BaJlO TaKoe >Ke, KaK II pa3:J.pa}KeHHe 6JIY>K.n.alOLU.ero HepBa, .n.eH-
CTBJle.
KCIlIlOH II TplljJ.II.1 (Uridil, 1921), pa3.n.pa>KaH tlpeBHbIe H nelJe-
HOlJHbIe Hepl3bl, oOllapY}I{lwJI B nCPCPY3aTe BeLU.eCTBO, cnoc06Hoe
Bbl3bIBaTb TaJme }KC, KaK II pa3.n.pa>KeHJle CHMnaTlilJeCKHX HepBoB,
3qxpeKTbI. 13 cJle.n.YloLU.eii, COBMCCTIIOH C EeKoM pa60Te (KeHHoH
11 EeK, 1931) nCLU.eCTBO, B03IIlIKaJOLU.ce B rJla.n.KHX MblIllu.ax npH CHM-
naTlltieCKOH CTH:\1)'.lHU.HII, 6bl.10 Ha3BaHO CIIMnaTHHOM. aHO 6blJlO
06HapY}KeHO B Mblwuax, no.n.IIIIMaJOLU.HX BO.'OCbl, B Mblwu.ax KHWKJI,
MOlJCBOrO nY3blPH II MaTKH. HecKo.'bKo n0311.Hee 6blJ10 nOKa3aHO,
lJTO CHi\lIIaTlIII COOTBcTcTByeT 3.D:peHammy, LJeM 6blJlH no.n.TBep>K,lJ.eHbI
CTapble .n.aHlIblC 3JI.TIIIOTa [(1904); npHBe.n.cHO no KeHHoHY Ii EeKY,
(1931)] 0 BbIlI.eJlCHlIl1 3nHHecppllHa n oo.lIaCTIi CHMnaTHlJeCKHX HepB-
HbI\: OKOJItlaHHii.
00c.1e TOro KaK Vagusstoff Ubi.., 1I11.eHTHcplIu.HpOBaH C au.eTliJIXO-
JIIiHOM, neffJl CcpopMYJIllpOBaJI KOHu.enu.mo, KOTopaH npe.n..1araeT
BOJlOKHa aBTOHOMHoii HepBlfOii cnCTeMbl pa3J1UlJaTb COOTBeTCTBeHHO
TOMY BeLU.eCTBY, KOTOpOC OCB060>K.n.aeTCH B MeCTe HX OKOHLJaHHH,
Ha3bIBaTb XOJlliHeprlllJllblMII - OCB060>K.n.alOlII.He au.eTHJlXOJlHH,
a.n.peHeprHlJlIblMIi - oCB060>K,lJ.alOLU.lIe 3.n.peHaJlHH. .lleHJI }Ke
311
YI{a3aJI, 'lTO XOJIllIIeprIl'lCCKHe BOJIOKHa 51BJI5IIOTC5I napaCm,maTH'le-
CKlIMH, a.D.peHeprlltjCCKlIC - CHMn3T11tjCCIUlMII.
Ho y)!{e caM LLeilJI B ra60Te C ct>eJI.16eprOI\I (1934a) .D.OJI}K€n6bIJI
O.D.HOBpeMeHHo C C03.D.aHl1eM cDodi KOHnenUIIH cJI,eJIaTh H3 Hee HCKJIJO-
'leHHe, a CHMnaTlllleCKHe ROJI OIm a , lIa p33.D.pa}KeHlle KOTOpblX no-
TOBble >KeJIe3bl pearllpYJOT Bbl.D.e!JeHlleM ceKpeTa, OTHeCTJI K XO-
JIHHeprWleCKH\1.
npJl nepBblX )!{e nonblTK3X npllMCHHTh npeJKTaBJIeHHH 0 XOJIIIH-
eprH'leCIUlX II a.llrenepnl'leCIUJX HepBax JI 06"hHCHCHHJO MexaH1I3:\10B
COCY.llHCTblX peaKIlIlii H3 KOIIlH'nlUIII !Ieii.:Ia npHumOCb C;I.eJlaTb HO-
Boe lICKmO'ieHlIe.
C O.llHOH CTOPOHhl, OKa33"111Cb nr3B1VIhHbl:\1H CTapbIe .113HHble
DpO.lll1 H KY.1mc3 (Brodie a. Culli , 1911/1912). nOJlTBCp)I\.!I.CHHble
rO.TJBHUep-l\\eHepoM II KpIOrcpoM (1935),0 TOM, tjTO na30,'l1l"15mnopbl
KopOHapHblX COCY.D.OR npHHaJl,JIC)I<3T, KaK II KOHCTpHKTOpbl, K CI1M-
n3THtjeCKOH HepBHoii CHCTeMe. PaDHbl\1 06pa30M OKa33JIIICb npa-
BHJIbHblMH H .naHHbIC D3pHa (Burn, 1932) 0 HaJIH'lHH B nOHCIIJ1lIHOH
CBMnanftjecKoH uenotj!(e na30Jl,lIJI5IT3TOpOB .llJIH 1II1>KIIIIX KOHetjHO-
CTeH. HHatje rOBOp5l. nplllllJIOCb Jl,OnYCTJlTb, lITO a.npCHcprlItjeCKHe,
CHMnanftjeCKlle BOJIOKlla MorYT OK33aTb cocY.llOpaCWllpHlOlU,ec .lleii-
CTBHe (KJIapK, 1935;:D3pH, 1938; LL3i1JI1i J1.e D<,pr H LLIOI(, 1948).
C JJ.Pyroii CTOpOHbl, ClIMnaTlftlCCKHC me BOJIOKlla OKa3aJIIICb Ba30-
.nHJI, HTaTopaMlI HO He aJIpenCprIi'lIIbIMII, a XOJIllHept'WIHbIMJI
(Bull bring H D3PH, 1935; l')3PII, 1938; (I)OJIhl<OB If YBHec. 1948,
1949, 1950; 3pHCH, <DOJIbl<013 H YnHec, 1952), T. e. npIIIlwocb
.nonYCTHTb, 'lTO cHMnaTlllJeCKIIC BOJIOKHa MorYT 6blTb HC TOJIbKO
a.!I.peHCprH'lllbIMH, HO 11 XOJIHHCprll'lHbI:vm.
KplITlIKY5I KOIIIlCnIUIH lle, ii.:m POM II ryma (Roy a. Gupta,
1949) nOKa33JIH, 'lTO Bce aBTOHOMHble I1CpBbl HMelOT O.D.HllaKoBYIO £tJn-
3HOJIOrIltjecKYJO npHpO.llY, IIX aJlpeIleprllH HJIII XOJIHHCprH5I 51BJIHIOT-
C5I OTHOCHTeJIbHbIMII II 3aBJlC5IT OT BblCOKOH IWI1 H1I3KOii I<OHueHTpa-
UBH npHtjHHHoro arCllTa B COCY.D.IICTOM PYCJIe B Jl,aHIIOe BpeMH.
no OTHoweHHJO K Ct5IHCMY nplIHwmy p33.D.eJIeHHH BOJIOKOH Bere-
TaTBBHOH HerBHOH CHCTCMbI no Bbl.D.eJIHeMOMY HMB MCJ1HaTOpy HY>KHO
CK33aTb, 'lTO C caMoro 113'JaJI3 3TO pa3.D.eJIeHlle OCHOB3HO Ha MeTO-
.nH'leCKOH oIII116Ke. Sympathicusstoff H Vagus toff IIeJIb351 npOTlIBO-
nOCT3BJIHTb .npyry .llpyry 11 CTpOIlTb l!a 3TOM npOTIIBonOCTaBJleHHIf
KOHuenUIlJO pa3rpaHWICHHH BOJIOKOl! B .!I.Be CIICTeMbI, nOTO\1Y 'lTO
Vagusstoff DbIJIeJIHeTC5I n 06JI3CTH CHHanC3, o6pa3yeMoro nperaH-
fJIHOH3pHbIM BOJIOKIIOM IIa rallrJIIIOHapHOM lIeiipOHe, a Sympathi-
cusstoff - B c6"laCTII OKOHtjaIll1ii nocnaHrmfOHapIloro BOJIOKHa
B rJIa.D.KOMbIIIIetjHOH TKaIlH. 3TO }KC OTIIOCIITCH II K aueTII.TJXOJIIIHY, II
K appeHa.nIIHY (c1lr.maTlIHY).
I1HTepecHo, 'lTO CaM Delw (1938a, b), npH31wnaH npIlopIITeT
A. B. KII6mwBa (1933), YKa3bIBaCT Ha TO, lITO a IleTIIJI XOJI I1H Bbl.!I.e-
JIHeTCH B COJIaCTI1 OKOB'JaHlI5I npCraHrJIIIOHapHoro BOJIOKHa Ha HeH-
pOHe CIIMnanftjeCKoro Y3JIa, T. e. HBJI5IeTCH BamIlblM (IJaKTOpOM CH-
HanTH'leCKOrO KOHT3KTa B Y3JI3X BereTaTHBHoii HepmIOH ClfCTeMbl.
312
3TO, Me)!{)J.Y npO'IIIM, XOpOWO nOKa3aHO 5aHliCTepOM H CKpeii30M
(Banister a. Scrase, ]950), BII)J.eBWIIMH nporpeccHBHoe na)J.eHlIe
cO)J.ep>KaHIIH aueTIIJlXOJlHHa B BepxHeM weiiHOM CIIMnanl'leCKOM Y3J1e
nocJle nepepe3KII CIIMnaTll'leCKOro HepBa lIa wee.
O)J.HaKo CaM )!{e .llei1J1 pacnpOCTpaH5IeT cnoc06110CTb. K BbI)J.eJle-
Hmo aUeTIIJlXOJlHHa II Ha 06J1aCTb OKOH'laHlllf nOCTraHrJlHOHapHblX
BO.10KOH «napaCIiMnaTII'leCKoii» HepnHoii CHCTeMbI, XOTH HHKTO He
npe)J.npllH5IJI HCCJle)J.onaHII5I XIIMII'l('CKoro 3 cpCKTa H30JIHpOBaliHoro
pa3)J.pa)!{CHIIH TOJlbKO nOCTfaHrJIIIOHapHoro BOJlOKHa «napaCHM-
nanlLJeClmx» HellpoHoB.
KpOMC Toro, CCH l l3C Y)!{l' MO)!mO CKa3aTh, lITO aueTIIJlXOJlIIH CO-
)J.ep)J{lITCH He TOJlbKO B oo.TJaCTlJ pa3BeTB.leHHH nperaHrJlHOHapHbIX
BOJlOKOH, HO II B )J.BHran'.:lbHbIX 6JI5IWKaX II MblWeLJHbIX BO.:10KHax
CKeJleTHblX MblWIl, B peuenTopax, B 3pIITpOUIITaX n03BOHO'lHbIX H
BO MHOfllX TKaHHX 6('cn03BOHOLJHbIX, T. e. ('ro Ha)J.O CLJHTaTb He Me-
)J.HaTopOM, a BeIUeCTBOM 60Jlee OOlltHX OO!\1eHHbIX peaKuHH H He
TOJlbKO B HepBHoii TKaHH. 13a)J{HO B 3TOM CMbICJIe BblCKa3bmaHlle
B. H. CKBOPUOB3 (1948), 'lTO aUeTHJlXOJlHH eCTb npoH3Bo)J.Hoe xo-
JIHHa, a 3TOT nOCJIe)J.Hlllf HBJIHeTCH npo)J.YKTOM oOMeHa Bcex opraHoB,
cO)J.ep)J\:3IUlix JIeUlITHH.
XeJlbMaH (Hellmann, ]952), KOTopbli1 He)J.aBHO H3Y'laJi XOJIHHep-
rHlo nOTOBbIX )I<eJIe3, npHWeJI K BbIBO)J.Y. 'lTO XOJIHH3CTepa3a IIX,
no Ha.:ll1 l lHlO KOTOpoii CY)J.51T 06 a ueTliJIxomme, npIIHa)J.J1e)!{liT He
K cneumpWleCKOMY, a K «nCCB)J.O» Tlmy, II liTO HeT pa3HHUbI Me)J{)].Y
nOCTraHrJIIIOHapHbI!\HI napaCHMIIaTHLJeCKHMII H XOJlHHeprHLJeCKHMH
CHMnaTH'leCKIIMH BOJIOKHaMIi B rHCTO.10rIlLJeCKOM H q,YHKUlJOHaJIb-
HOM OTHOIllCIIHH.
Bce CKa3aHHoe He )J.aeT IIHKaKoii: B03MO)J{HOCTli Ha 6a3e KOH-
uenUHII 0 XO.1HllepflILJeCKIIX H a)J.peHepfll'leCKIIX HepBHbIX BOJIOK-
Hax CI<OJlhl<O-HH6Y)J.b npH6J1lf3HTbCH K paCKpbITHIO MexaHlf3Ma CO-
CY)J.HCToro paClllllpemm. CaMa )J{e 3Ta KOHuenUliH HBJIHeTCH KpaHHHM
3bIpa)J{eHlleM B3rJlH)J.OB Ha aHTaroHlI3M napaCIfMnaTH'leCKliX H CHM-
naTH'leCKHX npOBO)J.HHKOB, HeceT Ha ce6e Bce 'lepTbI cxeMaTlI3Ma
3THX B3rJIH)J.OB H BMeCTe CO BceM YLJellHeM 06 aHTarOHHCTH'leCKOH
HHHepBaUHH HaXO'!UITCH B TymiKe.
TaKIIM 06pa30M, HH O)J.Ha H3 cYIUecTBYlOlltHX TeopllH. npe)J.JIo-
)KeHHbIX )J.JIH 06bHcHeHHH McxaHH3Ma COCY)J.lIcToro paCIllHpeHIIH, He
BbInOJIHHeT CBoero Ha3HaLJeHHH II He paCKpbIBaeT CYIUHOCTH Ba30-
)J.HJIHTaTOpHoii peaKulIH.
O)J.llaJ<O COBpeMeHHaH MOpq,O.TJOflIH MO)J<eT Ha OCHOBe HMelOlltHXCH
B ee pacnopmKeHHH MaTepHaJlOB, KacalOIUHXCH KaK caMoro HepB-
HO-MbIllle'lHOrO annapaTa cOCY)J.llcToii cTeHKH, TaK H HepBHblx CBH-
3eH B OOJIaCTH Y3JIOB aBToHoMHOii lIepr3ll0ii cHcTeMbl, BblCKa3aTb He-
I<OTopbIe cooopa)J{eHHH, MorYIUHe npO.TJHTb cneT Ha CJlO)J{HYIO npo-
6J1eMY COCY)J.HCTOii nO)J.BH)J{HOCTH H, B LJaCTHOCTH, Ha q,aKTopbI Ba-
30)J.HJIHTaUHlI.
t Ope)J{)J.e Bcero HY)!{HO nO)J.LJCpKHYTb,
3cfxpepeHTHblX COCY)J.HCTbIX BO.l0KOH
'lTO KOHueBbIe annapaTbI
nOCTpoeHbI cOBepllleHHo
313
0.n.1IHaKOBO, He3aBHClIMO OT TOrO, nplIHa.n.Jle}!{aT JlH OHH ClIMnaTlItJeCKlIM
BOJlOKHaM lIJlH OTpOCTK3M I{JleTOK lIIITpaMypaJlLHblX Y3J10B, T. e.,
no COBpeMeHHOll TepMIIHOJlOflm, napaCUMnaTHtJeCKHM. 3TH KOHIl.e-
Bble annapaTbl npe.n.CTaBJleHbl CnJlCTeHHeM TOHKHX 6e3MHKOTllbiX BO-
JlOKOH, COnpOBO)l{llaeMblX 60JlbWlIM KOlmtJeCTBOM WBalIHOBCl<IIX KJle-
TOK. WBaHHOBCKHe KJleTKH npllHUMalOT YtJaCTHe II B oopa30BaHHH
caMHX OKOHtJaHIiH B lIenocpe.n.CTseHHoii 6.TJ:1I30CTH K IHmepBlipyeMblM
CTpYKTypaM, npe.n.CTaB.TJ:HH, nOBH.!I.m.lOMY, cy6CTpaT, B KOTOpm.l
CB060.n.HO OKaHtJHBaJOTcH OObltJHO He60.1bWHMlI YTO.lll1.eHHHMIl .n.BH-
raTeJlbHble BOJlOKlla. l'IuHepBllpycMbl:\m CTpYKTypa:\fH HBJlHJOTCH
rJla.n.KOMblIlIetJHble KJleTKH COCYlllICTblX CTeHOK. Ha HIIX-TO Ii pacno-
JlO)l{eHbI .n.BHraTeJlbllblC npll60pbl B BII.n.e CB060.n.HO OKalltJHBaJOllI.HXCH
HH.n.HBH.n.yaJlbHbIX BOJlOKOUeIl., npoOCraIOI.UHX B UlITOn.la3:\le WBaH-
HOBCKlIX K.leTOK.
B 06ll1.eM CTpYI<Typa J1.BllraTeJlbHOrO OKOHtJaHIIH B rJlalll<JfX MbIIlI-
u.ax B npHHIl.llnlJaJlbHblX tJepTax cxo.n.Ha C TaKOBoif }!{e llBllraTe.1b-
Horo oKOHtJaHlIH B noncpetJHonOJlOCaTblX. B 060llx cJlytJaHX petJb
H.n.eT 0 IlIBaHHoBCKHX KJleTI{aX If CBo60.n.HO OI<aHtJIIBaIOlll.IIXCH B HX
npOTOnJla3Me .n.BHr8TeJlbJlbIX BOJlOKlIax. B noncpctIHono.10caTblX
MbIWIl.aX BOJlOKHa 3TII nOKpblTbl MHKOTHOii 060JlOtJKOii, IllBaHHOBCKHe
}!{e KJleTKlI 06pa3YJOT KOMnaKTHYIO no.n.OWBY MOTOpllOii 6.TJ:HIlIKH
B orpaHHtJeHHOM YtJaCTI{e MblwetJlIoro BOJlOKHa. B fJla.n.KlIX MblIlIIl.aX
.n.BHraTeJlbHble BOJlOKIW 6C3M5IKOTHbl, no Xo.n.y CBoeMY conpOBOJK-
.n.aJOTCH IlIBaHHOBCKHM ClImunHcM. OKOHtJaHHH )l{e 06pa30Ballbi pac-
nOJlO)l{eHHbIMIl lIa MbIwetJllbIX K.TJ:CTI{8X aHaCTOM031IPYIOIllllMII Me}!{.n.y
c060ii IlIBaHHOBCKHMIl KJleTKaMlI, B npOTOnJla3Me KOTOpblX H OKaH-
tJHBaJOTCH lIH.n.IIBII.n.yaJlLIILIC .n.BuraTCJlbHbIe BOJlOKlla.
TaKHe npe.n.CTaBJleHlIH 0 CTpYKType KOIIll.eBblX OTJ1.eJlOB 3qxpeK-
TOpHbIX annapaTOB rJla.n.KOMblwetJHoii TKaHIf nOK05lTCH Ha pe3YJ1bTa-
Tax pa60T MHorux IICC,le.!l.OBaTe.TJ:eii, oc06eHHo 13. H. JIaBpeHTbeBa
(1926, 1939, 1946). Hawil COOCTBCHHble llaHHbIe, I<aCaJOlll.UeCH CTpoe-
HHH OKOHtJaHuii .n.BllraTeJlbHblX HepBoB COCYllOB, IIX £1 o.n.TBep)!{.!I.a JOT.
COrJlaWaHCb C H. M. CctJeHOBbI:\t (1860) B Tn:\t, tJTO «HepBoB,
3a.!l.ep)l{HBalolll.UX .n.BII)I{eIlIlC, IICD>, II C'IHTaH, tJTO lI:\1nY.1bC, npHHe-
ceHHbIii HepBHbl\fH nO.TIOKllaMH K r.1a;J.Ko:\lbIWCtJHOii K.1eTKC, Bb130-
BeT COKpalll.eHlle 3Toii nocJle,J.Hcii, Mbl .!I.O.'I}!{Hbl Bce 3cjxpppellTHbIe
HepBbl cOCy.n.HCTbIX CTeHOK OTIICCTII K J1BllraTe.,lbHbl\t. Bbl3bm8JOIllHM
aKTIIBHoe cOKpalll.eHHe 3J1CMCIITOB MblWCtJlIOii 060J10tJKII cocy.n.OB.
Ho, rOBopH 0 cocy.n.llcToii nOll.BlIIKIIOCTll, T. e. 06 H3MCHeHIIH
npocBeTa cocy.n.a B pe3Y.'ILTaTe cOI<palll.eHIIH rJ1a.n.KOMblIlIetJilblX 1<.le-
TOK B OTBeT Ha HepBHblii IIMnym,c, 1\Ibl 1I.0Jl}!{Hbl B nepnylO otJepe.J,b
npHHHMaTb BO BHIfMailHe pacnOJlO {elllle 3THX MblwetIIlbIX 3J1e:\1eHTOB
B COCy.n.HCTOH CTeHKe.
I13BecTHo, tJTO CpC.!I.I1S1H oOo.TJ:otJKa MarnCTpaJlbllblX apTepnH
B opraHax npe.n.CTaBJleHa MOlll.Hbl:\1 CJlOeM U.llpKy.TJHpHO pacnoJlo-
)KeHHbIX MblwetJHblX K.1JCTOK. ECTecTBeHHo, tJTO na301<OHcTpHKIl.HH
6y.n.eT e.n.HHcTBeHHoii peaKIuleii TaKIlX cocY1l.0B lIa HMnYJlbCbl, npHHo-
CHMbIe HepBHbIMIl BOJlOKllaMII. Mbl 3TO 11 Ha6J1Ioll.aeM B .n.eHcTBHTeJlb-
314
HOCTH - COKpaIl1.CHHe COCy,nOB npH pa3,npa>KemlH HX ,nBHraTeJIb-
HblX BOlIOKOH Hau60JIee BbIpa)KCHO HMeHHO B KpynHblx H MCJIKHX
MarnCTpa.'IbHbIX apTepHHX OpraHOB (TaK Ha3bIBaeMblX nepmpepJllle-
CKUX apTCpHHX). Ha 3TO OOCTOmeJIbCTBO YKa3bIBaJI eLU.e C. B. JIe-
BaUlOB (1881-1882), rOBopH, liTO cpelIOMeH cocy,nHCToro CY>KeHHH
npH pa3J1.pa>KCHlfH CUMnaTHlIeCKIIX HCpBOB KO)!{H HaH60lIee BbIpa-
}KeH B JJ.UCTa,lblIbIX apTepll5IX, B npOKCIIMaJIbHOM )Ke HanpaBJIeHIIH
CTeneHb CY>KCHlIH nOCTenelllW YMeHbUlaeTCH.
B COOTBeTCTI3YIOLU.UX r.'IaBaX YKa3aIIO, liTO pacnOJIO)l{eHJle MbI-
rnellHblX 3JIeMeHTOB B KpynHblx MarnCTpaJIbHblX cocy,nax rpy,nHoii
H 6pIOUllIoii nOJIOCTII H B BeTBHX 3TIIX COCy,nOB 06JIa,naCT xapaKTep-
Hoii oc06eHHOCTbIO, BbIpa>KaIOIl1.eikH B TOM, liTO MbIUlellHaH TKaHb
06pa3yeT CJIOII, lIepeJlYIOLU.HCCH C KOJI.lIareHOBO-3lIaCTlIlIeCKJlMH CJIOfI-
MH. B !\1bIUlellHbIX CJIOHX OT,nCJIbHbIe rpynnbI MbIUlellHblX K.'IeTOK
pacnOJ10)l{eHbI CBOHMU OCfIMH B caMbIX pa3HOo6pa3IIbIX HanpaBJIeHJI-
fiX, npl!KpenJIHHCb KOlIuaMU K COCe;I,I-IHM IW.'I:IareHOBO-3JIaCTH 1 IeCKJlM
nJIaCTHIIIWM. Ha 3TO B CBoe BpeMH YI<a3bIBa.1l 11. M. llOreJIb (1903,
1904).
OOCTpoeHHaH TaKJlM 06pa30M MblUlellHaH 060JIOllKa KpynHblx
ManlCTpaJIbHblX COCy,nOB npu ,nciicTBIilI Tex )!{e ,nBuraTeJlbHblX Hep-
BOB H COKpaIl1.eHlUl rex )!{e rJIa,nKOMblIuellHbIX KJIeTOK 6y,neT ,naBaTb
,npyroii cYMMaplIbIii 3qxpeKT B OTHOUlellHH KaJIu6pa cocy,na. Ha
nepBoM MeCTe 3,neCb 6y,nCT (pHrypupoBaTb y,nep)!{aHHe KOJIJIareHOBO-
3JIaCTHlIeCKUX nJlaCTUH cocy,na U npe,noTBpaIl1.eHUe JlX lIpe3MepHoro
paCTHrIIBaHJlH npH CUCTOJlUlIeCKmf TOJlllKC_ KaJIu6pOBKa npocBeTa
6y,neT npoucxo,nUTb nYTeM y,nep>KaHUH ero OT paCTH>KeHHH, H TOJIbKO
I<paiiHue pa3,npa)l{eIlHH npHBe,nYT K 3lwlIHTeJlbHoMY cY>KeHHlO Ta-
KHX COCy,nOB.
B o6.ilacTII caMbIX nepucpepulIecKux apTepUOJl uMnYJlbc ,nBHra-
TeJIbllbIX BO.10KOH Bbl30BCT cOKpaIl1.eHlle MbIUlellHblX KlIeTOK: B OT-
,neJlbHbIX YllacTKax TaKHX COCy,nOB B pe3YJIbTare 3Toro MO)!{eT npo-
H30iiTH nOJIHblii m.'pcpbIB KpoBoToKa, lIanpUMCp, ccpuHKTep B MeCTe
OTXO>K,neHHH KamlJllIHpa, 3aMKIIYBUll!Cb, MO)l<eT BblKJllOlIUTb KamIJI-
JIfIp H3 KpoBo06paLU.eHlIH. 0POIlCXO,nUT B nO.1HOM CMLICJle 3Toro
CJlOBa TO, liTO HMeJlH B BII;I,y H. M. CClIeHOB II H. O. OaBJlOB, Ha-
3bIBaH MblUlUbI apTepJlOJI KpaHaMH, KOTopble MorYT nYCTHTb JI He
nYCTI!Tb KpOBb B KanUJlJIHpbI.
Ho 3TOT )I{e caMbl1f MexalIl13M - pa3,npa)!{CHUe ,nBHraTeJILHOrO
BOJlOKII<I U OTBeTHoe COI{paLU.eHuc rJlalI.Koii MblUlUbl - B ue"lOM pH,ne
cJlYllaeB MO>KeT BbI3BaTb IIC y:\WHbUlcllue ,nU<I!.1eTpa cocy,na II orpa-
HJllIeHHe KpoBoToKa, a oopaTHYlo peaKUlI10 - pacUlHpcHHe cocYlI.a
H YBeJIUlIellHC KpoBOCllaO)KeHlIH J1.alIHOro yqaCTKa.
B cocyn.ax KO>KI! 3TO npE'IICTaBJleIIO ocooeHlIo ,neMoHCTpaniBHo.
KaK H3BeCTHO, MblUlelllIble 3JIeMellTbl KO>KHbIX COCy,nOB UMelOT O,nHO-
3HallHYlO ,nBHraTeJlLHYIO IIImepnaUlllo 3a C'leT CUMnaTlIlIeCKUX BO-
JlOKOH U3 pa311bIX OT,neJlOB (COOTBCTCTBeHHO KO)l{HOMY YllacTKY)
norpaHHlIlloi-'I uenOllKH. KO>KHble COCy,nLI cY)!{IiBaIOTCH no,n BJIHfIHHeM
HMnYJIbCOB, npHHocHMbIM K HHM 3THMU BOJlOKHaMl-I.
315
Ho nOCTOmlHa51 .LUlIIaMlIKa KpOBeHOCHbIX COCY)].OB KO}l{H, BCe-
ueJIO OCIIOBaHHa51 Ha HX IiHHepBaUIIH, BKJII04aCT He TOJIbKO peaKUHH
CY)l{eIIH5I, HO H paCWlIpelHl5l. EllI.e 11. M. Ce4CHOB (no 5L A. 11e)].l0-
JIHHY, 1868) YKa3bIBaJI, 4TO nOCTOHIIHble TenJIOnOTCpn HBJI5IIOTCfl
na}l{HblM cpaKTOpOM, H3MClUJIOlll.HM )].HaMcTp IW}I{lIbIX COCY)].OB, T. e.
peq)J]el<TOpHblii MexaHll3M 06ecne4HBacT B IW)Ke II Ba30KoHcTpHK-
UHIO, II Ba30)].HJIHTaUHIO.
CTPYKTypa nepmj)('p1I4eCKoro COcYlllfCToro PycJla B KO}l{e (MeJI-
KHe apTeplllI, apTepllOJlbI, l<anlI.1Jl5lpbI, BeHYJlbI II MeJIKHe BeHbI)
n03BOJl5leT lIMnYJlLcy, nplIxollHllI.CMY no Cmmanl'leCKOI\fY BOJlOKHY,
BbI3BaTL He CY}I{eHHe, a paCWIIpCHHe IW)I<HbIX COCY)].OB. OOBbIweHlfe
TOHyca CnHpaJlbllblX MbIWlL apTCpHOJl Bbl3bIBaeT paCWlIpeHHe ::nlIX
COCYJlOB (Scheider u. Wiemers, 1952).
B npoCTeuUleM BlI)].e 3TO OCYllI.eCTBJlHeTC5I B BeHYJlaX H Me.1KIIX
BeHax. B CBoeM MeCTe UbIJIO YKa3aHo Y}I{C, 4TO 3TlI 4aCTH COCYlllf-
CToro PycJla KO}l{H, KaK, Bnp04eM, II )].Pyrlfx opraHoB, xapaJ<Teplf-
3YIOTC5I TeM, 4TO MbIIlIe4HblC 3J1eMellTbl 3)].eCb npe!lCTaBJIellbl npo-
)].OJlbHO pacnOJlO}l{CHllblMII r.rIallKOMblwe4HblMlI KJICTI aMII. COKpa-
w.eHl1e HX BbI30BeT pacUllIpeHHe TaKoij BeIIYJlbI.
ECJIH npH6aBHTb K 3TOMY H3BeCTIlbIU cpaKT, 4TO CHHYColf)].HbIe
BeHYJlbI KO}l{lI B MeCTe CBoero nepeXOlla B BCHbI CHaO}KeHbI He60.'Ib-
IlIHM ccpllHKTepo06pa311bIM MexallH3 lOM, Mblwe4Hble IUIeTKlI KOTO-
poro COKpalll.aIOTC5I no)]. B.rm5lHHeM HMnYJIbCOB, npHlIOCHMblX CIIMna-
TH4eCKIIMIf BOJIOKlIaMlI, TO CTallCT nOHHTHbIM, KaK O)].IfH H TOT }l{e
MexaHII3M B OJ HHX cocYJlax BbI30BeT HX CY}I{CIIHe, B )].PyrHx - pac
IlIHpeHHe.
OpO)].OJlbHO pacnOJlO}l{eHHbIe MbIwe4HbIe 3.'IeMeIlTbI B )].aHHOM
CJlY4ae YKopa4IIBalOT H paCWlfp5llOT COcy,'!.. CqmHKTep Ha ero
I<OHue, coeJlHHmOlll.eM ero C BCH03HOH CIfCTeMOU, COCT05llll.Hij H3 Tex
}l{e rJla)].KIIX MbIWU, nO)].4HHmOlll.HXC5I TeM }l{e CHMnaTH4eCKIIM HM-
nYJlbCaM, 3aMIU/YB COCY!l, Bbl30BeT 3acroH KpOBH B cro H 6e3 Toro
paCUllfpeHHOU 4aCTIf.
EllI.e 60Jlee )].eMOHCTpaTlIBHO 3TO BblCTynaeT Ha npHMepe a pTe-
pHO-BeH03HbIX aHaCTOM030B KO}l{If. 3TIf 06pa30BaH1I5I II If X IIHHepBa-
UHH OnlICaHbI B COOTBeTCTBYlOmCM MeCTe. KalIaJI aHaCTOM03a 06J1a-
)].aeT MOlll.HOII CTeHKOII H3 rJla)].KOMblwe4HblX I{JleTOK, llBlfraTeJIbHblMH
HepBaMli KOTOpbIX 51BJI5IIOTC5I OTpOCTKH CHMnaTiI4eCKHx KJleTOK ue-
n04e4HbIX Y3J10B. l1MnYJlbC, nplIHeceHHbIil K Mblwe41I0ij CTeHKe Ka-
HaJla aHaCTOM03a, Bbl3bIBaeT COKpalll.eHHe Mblwe4HbIX KJleTOK H 04eHb
CHJlbHOe no)].ywe4Hce 3a}l{aTlie caMoro KaHaJla (0 cnoc06CTBYIOW.HX
3TOMY cpaKTopax - HeynOp5l1104eHHoe pacnOJlO}l{eHHe MHOcp1I6pHJIJI
B MbIwe4HblX KJIeTKaX CTeHOK apTepHO-Be1I031IbIX aHaCTOM030B-
CKa3aHO B COOTBeTCTBYIOmliX rJIaBaX lIaCTOHllI.eH pa60Tbl). OpH Ta-
KOM 3aKpbITIHI I<3Ha.rI3 aHaCTOM03a KpOBb, I<OTopaH paHbIlIe nepeTe-
KaJla no HeMY B BeHY BCJIe)].CTBHe MeHbIlIero no cpaBHelIHlO C Ka-
nHJlJI5IpaMH con pOTIIBJleHlI 51 , YCTpeMJlHeTC5I B KanHJIJI5IpbI, HanOJI-
HHH HX. O)].HOBpeMeHHoe BKJlI04eHHe B pa60TY ccpIHiKTepo06pa3HbIX
MexaH1I3MOB BeH03HbIX ClIHYCOH)].OB, 06ecne4MBaeMoe B036Y)I{)].eHHeM
316
Tex >Ke HepBOB, Bbl30BeT Bblpa>KeHHOe paCWHpeHHe nepHcp pHlIeCKoro
KpOBSJHOrO PYCJl3.
3TI1 ..'I.B3 MexaHH3Ma cocy.n.HCTOro p3CHlIlpeHlHI, 06ecnellHBaeMoro
TeMli >Ke MeXaIHI3:\1aMH, KOTOpblC Bbl3bIB310T II CY}I{eHHe KO>KUbIX CO-
cy.n.OB, OlleHb B3}1{Hbl B (PYUKU,1I0UaJlbUoii .I1.UllaMHKe KO>KU KaK op-
raHa. OUU, ueCOMHemlO, Jle>K3T n OCHone KOHClIlibIX npucnoc06J1e-
HHii TenJloperYJlSlTopuoii II 1l0TOBblll.eJlHTCJlbHoi-i ee .n.eSlTeJIbUOCTli.
B Il51T0i:i rJlane U3CTOSlLU.eii pa60Tbi YKa3aHO, liTO apTepHO-Be-
H03Uble 3uaCTO:\I03bl ouu3pyn<eUbI B H3CT051Il1.IIH MOMeHT nOllTH BO
Bcex oprmJax - B cep.n.I C, oprmwx nULU.eBapHTeJlbUOrO TpaKTa,
}!{e.n:e3ax, 6pOHxax II JlerKUX, B nOJlOBbIX opr3uax 11 pa3J1I1l1HbIX
YllaCTKax HepBHOH CHCTe:\fbI. OOIlJlblJa51 HlmepBau.UH 3THX 06pa30-
BaHHH .n.e.rI3eT I1X lIpe3BbI l Jaihi0 peaKTUBUbl:\m. PeaKUIIH me HX, Bbl-
3BaHuaH pa3.n.pa>KeHlleM CHMlJaTHlIeCKI1X BOJIOKOH H Bblpa>KalO!llaH-
C51 B 3aKpblfllH KaUaJla auaCTOM03a BO Bcex opraHax, KaK H
B KO>Ke, npl1Be.n.eT K pacwupelilIlO H nepenOJlUeHIHO KpOBblO Kanl1J1-
Jl51puoro PycJla.
OOBblweHlle KamJ.fIJl51puoro .n.an.rleUI1H, CTOJlb ue06xo.n.H'\10e ,n:JIH
cneuucpUlIeCKoro CPYUKUI10HllpOBaUI1Sl opraUOB H ypaBuoBelUlma-
HI1H BHYTpeUllero .n.aBJleUUH C aT:\fOccpepUbl:\f (B JlerKHX - 11. B. oy-
SIJI bCK 11 i-i , 1863), oCYLU.eCTBJl51eTc51 nYTeM paCWUpeHI1H KanHJlJlHpOB
II YBeJll1 l leulioro I1X KpoBeU3nOJlHeuHSI. 06eCne I UlB3IOTCH me 3TH
npoueCCbI Te:\1 >Ke uepBUO-MbIWcllUbI:\1 annapaTOM, IWTOpblii B .n.pyrl1x
cJlYllaSlx BbI3bIBaeT COKpaIl1.eHlle cocy.n.OB.
Pa3Ho06pa3Hble 3anHpaTe.TILUbIe npucnOC06J1eHHH B nelleHOll-
HblX If JlerOllHblX BeHax, CcpUHKTCpbI Ha BeTBSIX nelleHOllHOH BeHbI,
llIJlI030Bbie annapaTbl no ux XO.il.Y B Bu,n:e KOJlbueBbIX 11 CmJpaJlbHblX
BaJ1HKOB IfMCIOT B OCHOBe cnCUHl!mlleC1we paCnOJIO>KCHUe rJlanKOMbI-
llIellHblX 3JleMeHTOB, COKpaIl1.CHlle KOTOpbIX noJI. BJIlISIlUleM I1MnYJlbca
CUMnaTUlleCKoro Hepn3 Bbl3bIBaeT paCWHpeHHe 11 nepenOJlHeHl1e CO-
cyna nepe.n. 3TI1MU npHcnoc06.1eIUHIMU.
OOllTI1 BO Bcex opraIJaX B BeHax 0611apY>KeHO lIepe.n.OBaHl1e
ccpHUKTepoo6pa3HbIX II npo.n.OJlLHOMbIwellIIblX MeXaHU3:\fOB, .n.eH-
TeJlbHOCTb KOTOpblX, perYJlupYCMaH opraUU3MOM nYTeM I1cnOJlb30-
B3HI1H B KalJeCTBe KOHellHoro 3BCHa COKpaIl1.eHU51 no,'1. B.1UHHl1e:\1 CHM-
naTHlJeCKOrO HMnY,lLca rJla.I1.Koii MblWLlbl cOCy.n.UCTOH creHKH, HeH3-
MeH!{O Bbl30neT paCllIUpeHl1e cocy.n.on B onpe.n.CJleHHblX OOJlaCTSlX. Ha
nOKpaClleHUC Komu B pe3Y.1LT3re pacwupcul151 ce cocy.n.OB, 3aBI1CH-
LU.ero OT COKpaLU.eHlHI rJJaJI.KUX MbIWLl Beu, HHHcpBllpyeMblx CliMnaTH-
lJeCKUM HepnOM, YKa3bIBaJl M. H. JIalluucKuii (1913).
HHTepecHa B 3TOM OTuowellUH 11 nOlJKa, B KOTOpoii MblWelJHblH
ccpIHIInep lIa BbIHOCSIIl1.eii apTepHH cocy.n.uCToro KJly60lJKa, nOJlY-
lJalOLU.uii .n.BHraTeJlLHble BOJlOKH3 113 CHMnaTl1 l leCKHX Y3J10B, 06ecne-
lJHBaeT B 06JIaCTH nOlJC'lJHOrO TeJlLua £l1UJlbTpaUIfIO nO l ITI1 npl1 JIl060M
ypOBHe CI1CTeMIIOro KpOB5IIIOro .n.3B.1C'I1IIH.
Onl1CbmaeMble Bblwe peaKIlUU parWl1peHUSI cocynOB 51BJIHIOTCSI
B OCHOBHOM npl1l1a.n.JIC'mHOCTbIO MeCTHoro opraHHoro KpOBOTOKa,
()6eCnelJIIBa10T no cYIl1.eCTBY TOJlbKO nepepacnpe.n.eJleHlle 06blllHoro
317
I<OJIHLieCTBa KpOBH, nOCTynaloIll.eii B OpraH. H pa3blrpbIBalOTC5I Ha
q,OHe Hel13MCHIIOro o6Il1.ero l pOBo06paIll.elll1f1.
O.n.HaKO B u.eJIOM pfl,'J,e CJIY'IaCB .n.JISl HOpMaJIbHOrO q,YHKU.I1OHHPO-
BaHHH opraHlI3Ma He06xo.n.HMO nepepacnpe.n.eJIeHHe KpOBI1 B CI1CTeM-
HOM KpOBOTOKe H HanpaBJleHIie ec B yneJII1LieHHOM KOJIHLieCTBC B 06-
IlmpHbIe OT.n.eJIbI, .n.JIH Liero H KpynHbIc COCy.n.bI u.eJIblX 06JIaCTeii .n.CJI-
)KHbI 6bITb pacIllHpeHbI.
DpaBHJIbHOCTb noro q,aKTa no.n.TBep)l{.n.acTcH TeMH cBoeo6pa3-
HbIMH COOTHOIlleHH5IMli cocy.n.OB pa3lIH'IHbIX 06JIaCTeH TeJIa, COOTHO-
IlleHHHMI1, KOTopbIe, lIeCOMHeHHO, CJIO)KIiJIIiCb I1CTOpIlLieclm 11 BbI-
3BaHbI TeM, LiTO KpOBH B opraHH3MC .n.JIH o.n.HOBpeMeHHoro paBHOMep-
Horo cHa6)1{eHBSI elO Bcex OT.n.eJIOB HeXBaT3eT. TaK, MbI 3HaeM, LiTO
paCIllHpeHHe Bcex KO)l{HblX cocy.n.OB COnpOBO)!{.n.aCTCSI aHeM1I3au.HeH
6plOIllHbIX BHYTpeHHOCTeii II lIa060poT. A M03r, cep.n.u.e, JIerKIIe
II nOLiKII nOCTaBJIeHbl opraHII3MoM B TaIme YCJIOBII5I, LiTO npIl lII06bIX
He6JIarOnpIlSITHblX nOJIO)l{CHliSIX (KpononOTepH, cna3M cocy.n.OB OT rH-
nepKanHIUI II T. .n..) HX COcy.n.bl paCIllllpmOTCH H 06ecneLiIlBalOT YClI-
JIeHHblH npIlTOK KpOBII K 3THM opraHaM, T. e. CYIll.eCTByeT KaK 6bl
cBoe06pa3HaH pemmpOKHOCTb B OTHOIllellHlI HepBHbIX npH60pOB,
06ecneLiIlBalOlII.lIX KpOBOTOK B 3THX opraHax, C TaKOBbIMH Bcex
OCTaJIbHbIX 06JI2CTeii TeJIa, HanpaBJIeHHaSI Ha nO)J).l.ep)l{aHl1e onTH-
MaJIbHbIX YCJIOBHll KpOBOCHa6)1{eHlI5I Ba)l{HbIX )J.JISI )KII3HH opraHHbIX
cHCTeM.
TaKHe peaKu.lIl1, .n.JISI OCYlIl.CCTB.lelIlISI KOTOpbIX Tpe6yeTcH
.n.IlHaMBqeCKaSI peu.lInpOKHOCTb BO B3aIiMHbIX OTHOlIleHIISIX cocy.n.OB
pa3JIHLiHbIX 06JIaCTeii, HeCOMHeHHO, .n.OJI)I{HbI HMeTb B OCHOBe npou.ec-
CbI TOpMO)l{eHBSI B COOTBeTCTBeHHbIX lIepBHbIX u.eHTpax.
o TOpMO)l{eHHlI KaK q,aJ<Tope Ba30.n.lIJISITau.I1H rOBOpIlJIH A_ A. OCT-
POYMOB (1876) II B. K. MJIo.n.311eBCKHH (1890), a K. H. YCTHMOBHq
(1878), KpoMe Toro, YKa3bIBaJI, 'ITO yrHeTalOIlI.ee BJIHSIHHe cocy.n.o-
paclIlHpHIOIll.BX HepBoB pacnpoCTpaHSIeTcH Ha cocy.n.ocY)l{IlBalOlIl.I1e
qepe3 HepBHbIc Y3JIbI.
MHoro BHIIMaHIiSI BonpocaM TOpMO)l{ellllSI y.n.eJIflJI B CBOlIX I1C-
CJIe.n.OBaHlIHX 11. (}). ll.BOH (1874), npB.n.aB3BlIlIlH 60JIblIlOe 3HaLieHlIe
B 3TOM npou.ecce mnepq,epCHu.ml HMnYJIbCOB, .n.OCTIIraIOlIl.HX raH-
rJIlI03HbIX KJIeTOI{ H3 pa3JIH'JHbIX nCTOLiHIIKOB. l1HTep(pepeHu.1I1O IIM-
nYJIbCOB CqIJT3JI Ba)l{HbIM cpaKTopoM TOpMO)l{eHBSI OTBeTHbIX peaKu.lIll
H 11. D. DaBJIOB (IYI2-IYI3) 1.
H. A. MIICJIaBCKIIH n M. B. CepmeBcKlIii (1927), npIIBo.n.SI JIII-
TepaTypHble .n.aHHbIe no Bonpocy 0 TOpMO)!{eHIIII, C006lII.aJOT B CBOH
o 3a.n.ep)l{aUlIH peqmeKTopllbIX OTBeTOB npIl pa3.n.pa)l{ellHlI u.eHTpo-
crpeMIITelIbHbIX BOJIOKOH X HepBa npH npIICoe.n.HHeHHI1 K IIlIM pa3-
J{pa)l{eHnH Talmx )l{e BOJIOKOH I X.
5. 11. J1aBpellTbeB (1937) .n.eMoHcTpIlpyeT 3TOT q,aKT B 3Kcnepn-
MeHTe. 06pa30BaB Ha KJIeTl<ax BepxHero lIleiilloro Y3JIa .n.BoHHble
1 11. n. naB.1 0 B, J1eKlIHIl no qlll3l1o.10rHII 1912/1913, H3.l\. 1949 r.,
CTp. 274.
318
CIIHanCbl nYTel\l nOJ].llJlIBaHIHI K IlCMY l1.0nOJIIllITCJIbHbIX HCpBHblX CTBO-
JIOB 11 pa3 pmKan 3TII CTBOJlbl, Oil 13 ll.eJIOM p51J].e CJIYIlaeB nOJIYIlaJI
TOpMO}l(Clllle J].C5ITeJlbIlOCTH MHraTCJlbHOii nepenOHKlI.
TpYJ].aMH H. E. Bnc,'!.eHcKoro, A. A. YXTOMCKoro 11 11. n. naB-
JIOBa HallJl1 npC)].CTaBJICHII51 0 npOll.eCcax TOpl\lO)KeHH51 pCaKll.lIH op-
raHH3!\!a 3Ha l llITeJlbll0 paCllJHpCHbl, H 13 HaCT051UJ.ce BpeM51 Mbl 3HaeM,
IlTO COCT051HHH TOpl\IO)KCHlUI B pa60 1 lllx opraHax 3aBlIC51T OT COCT051-
HIUI HX uepmlblX ll.CliTpOB, B KOTOpblX pa3)].pa)KeHlIe 11 TOpMO}KeHlIe
nOCT051HHO nepeJlJleTaIOTC51 l\Ie)KJJ.Y coooii, 6ccnpepbIBHO CMeH51lOT
;J.pyr } pyra, npe)].CTaBJl5l51 pa3JUI ' lHble lpa3bl <}J1I311KO-XlI1vIllIleCKlIX
npoucccon, B03IUlKaJOUJ.IIX no,'!. BJIlI51llllel\l l\IHOrOIlllCJleHHblX lIMnYJIb-
COB B 00pa3Y10UJ.IIX 3TH ll.CIlTpbl HeiipOHax.
BecKlle )].oKa3aTeJlbCTBa B nOJIb3Y npCJJ.CTaBJleHlIH 0 TOM, IlTO
TopMO)KeHlle B COOTBeTCTBYIOUJ.IIX COCYJ].IICTbIX ll.CHTpaX 5lBJI51eTCH
BaIKHbl!ll <}JaKTOpOl\l B OCYUJ.eCTBJleHlIlI COCYJJ.IICTblX pe aK ll.IIH,
1I:1.lelOTC51 B pa60Tax B. M. XaJonma (1951) II B. H. 4epHlIroBcKoro
II B. l\\' XalOTIlHa (1952).
no OTHOllJeIllIIO K cOCYJ].lIcToii nOJ].BII)KHOCTIi HaJ].o YIlIiTblBaTb,
IlTO Cal\lblM ncpmpcpllIlecKHM )].JI51 Hce ll.ellTpOM 5lBJI51eTC51 raHrJIlIO-
HapHblii HCHpOli aBToHoMHOii HepBlIOH CIiCTeMbl C pacnOJIO)KeHHblM
Ha HeM CllllanTHIlCCKIlM annapaTOM.
Bce, 'ITO Mbl 3HaeM OTHUClITeJlbHO cpll3110JIOnm CIiHanCOB, npllMe-
HIIMO 11 K TeM H3 HHX, KOTopble JIC)KaT B HepBHblx Y3JIaX, COCT051ILT.lIX
113 KJleTOK, nOCblJlalOUJ.IIX cnoll OTpOCTKIl K COCyJ].lICTblM MblWll.aM.
B PC3YJIbTaTe npOll.eCCOB, pa3blrpbIBaJOUJ.lIXC51 13 OOJIaCTlI lIHTep-
HeHpOllaJlbHblX CHHanCOB, 11 MorYT B03HIIKHYTb B HeHpOHax COCT05l-
HlI51 TOp 1\I0}l(eI-i 11 51 , HeMlIHyeMo Bblpa)KalOUJ.HeCfl B paCCJIaOJIeHlIlI MbI-
weIlHblX 3JleMeliTOB cocy)].a.
Pe310MHpY51. Ha)].o nO)].IlepKHYTb, lITO KaK no OTHOllJeHlIlO K CKe-
JIeTHbll\l MblllJll.aM HMCCTCfl OJJ.HH HcpmlO-MblllJellHblH annapaT, ooec-
neIlIlBalOUJ.lIii no)]. nJIlI51HlIeM ll.eHTpaJlbllOii I-iCpmIOH ClICTeMbl Bce
MHorooopa311e npOll3BOJlbHO )].BHraTeJlbllbiX peaKll.lIH, BKJlIOIlalO-
UJ.IIX II COKpaUJ.CHII51, II paccJla6JICUll51 l\ILlllJeIlI-ibiX BOJIOKOH, TaK 11
no OTHOllJClUllO K rJIa,'l.KHM l\Ib1llJll.al\l COCY;(OB IIMeeTC51 O)].lIH HepBHO-
MblWeIlI-iblii annapaT, ooccneIlIlBalOUJ.llii pcaKWUI COKpaUJ.eHlI51 11
paCCJIao.'1eHII51 rJIaJ].KOl\lblllJe ' IHbIX KJICTOK cOCYJ].lIcToii CTeHKII. KaK
1\I0TOI-iciipOH ncpe)].Hcro pora cmllIlloro M03ra (II cooTBeTcTBYlOUJ.a51
eMY HCpBHa51 I(JIeTKa rOJIOBHOro - B J1po;(o.'lr013aTOM M03ry, B Bapo-
JIlICBo:\I 1\IUCTY II B HO}l(KaX 1\103ra) 5lB:I5lCTC51 OJIII)KallllJIIM ueHTpoM
CKeJleTHOro 1\IblllJelIHOrO BOJIOKlla, TaK H uciipOH BcrCTaTIIBHblX Y3-
JIOB 5lBJI51eTC51 TaKOBblM )Ke J].Jl5l r JIa,'l.Koii 1\IblllJelIHOli KJICTKlI. Ooa
OHH B CBOIO o'lepe;I.b uaxo,'!.51TC51 no)]. BJIlI51lllleM MHOrOGHCJICHHblX HaJJ.-
CenIeI-iTHbIX CH, CTC!lI BnJIOTb )].0 IWpbl OOJlbWlIX nUJIYllJapllH rOJIOB-
Horo 1\I03ra.
Ba301\OuCTpIlKll.II51 5lBJI51CTC51 e} IIH006pa3HbI1\l no CBocii MOpcpo-
JIOrJlIleCKoii CTpYKType npouccco:\l n036})KJ].Cllll51 raHrJIIIOHapHoro
HeHpOlW, nepC;(aJow.ero lI!1mYJILC no CBOCl\IY OTPOCTKY rJIaJ].KOMbiWeG-
Hoil KJleTKC, pacnOJIO)KeHllOii cBoell OCblO ll.IIPKYJI51pHO no OTHowe-
319
mHO K COCY.lI.Y. COKparn.aHCb, TaKa51 KJIeTKa BbI30BeT Y:'leHbllIeHHe
J{HaMCTpa cocY;J,a.
B<130.l1JIJIHTaUH5I ocyw.eCTBJIHeTC5I, C o.ll.lIoii CTOpOllbl, nYTeM Toro
:>Ke npouecca B030Y:>K.lI.ellll51 raHrJIIIOllapHoro HeiipOHa, HO CB5I3aH-
Horo CBOIIM HeiipIlTO:'1 C MLlllIe'II-IOH KJIefKOH COCY.lI.a, JIenwrn.eii no
OTHOllIeHIIIO K cocY IICToii OCII KOCO IIJIIl npO OJIbHO IlJIII BXO;I.51w.eH:
B CO::TaB cneUlla;lbHbIX npllcnOCOO.leHllii BpO;J,e ClpIlHKTepOB IIJIH
apTepll0-Bell03HblX allaCTOxI03013. C .lI.Pyroii CTOpOllbI, OHa ocyw.e-
CT13JI5IeTCH nYTeM paCCJI:J.6JleHII5I MbIWU. COCY)l.IICTOH CTeHKII B pe3YJlb-
TaTe B03HI1KalO:..U,ero B raHr JIHOllapllOM lIeHpOHe COCTOHIIHH TOpMO-
:>KeHHSl.
Il03TO:\fY npaBIIJlbllO Ha3bIBaTb HepBllbIe Bo.10KHa, OKaWIIIBalO-
w.HeC5I Ha rJIa;J,KO\lbIWe'IHbIX 3Jle:\leHTax CTeHIUI cocy a, COCYJ{O-
J{13lIraTeJIbllbL\1I1, ouecne4IlBalO:..U,IIMII COCYJ{IICTYIO nO;I.1HI:>KHOCTb BO
BceM ee MHorooopa311H, 13KJIlO'lalo..u.CM B mocA uccnpepbIBHoii .lI.HI-la-
MHKe BeCb J{Hana30H COCT05lHIlii COCYJ{HCToro npOCBeTa - OT nO.l-
HOro 3aMbIKallHH ; O KpaiiHcro paCWllpelllllL
CKOnJIeHH5I J{13HraTeJIbHbIX KJIeroK .lI.JIH COCY IICTbIX MbIWU. npe.ll.-
CTa13JIeHbI Y3JI3MH aI3TOHO:\IHOH HepBHoii CIlCTe:\lbl, npeHMyw.eCTBeI-lHO
CHMnaTWIeCKHMH. XOT5I H<l;J,O CKa3aTb, 'ITO MaJIaH H3YLJCHHOCTb BO-
npOCOB, K<lCalorn.HXCH OTIlOWeI-lIlii KJIeroK HHTpaMypaJIbHblX II .lI.PY-
rHX TaK Ha3bIBaeMblX napaCHMnani'IeCKIIX Y3JIOB H MbIWe'iHbIX
3JIeMeHTOB COCYJ{013, He n03BOJI5IeT YT13epiK,'.\aTb 3TO B OKOH4aTe.1bHOH:
cp::>pMe. B03MO)J{HO OKalKeTC5I, 'ITO CH:\maTH'leCKHC Y3.1bI 5113mIIOTCH
eJ{HI-lCTBeI-lHbIMH .lI.BllraTe.lbHbl\lII u.eHTp3:.m TOJIbKO .lI..1H COCY;I.OB
KO)J{II, nonepe'II-lOnO,10caTbIX MblllIll, CKeJIeTHblX oopa30B:1Hllii II CO-
eJ{HHHTeJIbHOii TKaHH TYJIOBHw.a II KOHe4HocTeii. COCY..\bl )KC BHY-
TpeHHHX opraHOB, rOJIOBbl II M03ra nOJIY'JaIor J{BHraTeJIbHble BOJIOKHa
He TOJIbKO OT llenO'ie'iHbIX II npeBepTeOpaJIbHblX Y3JIOB, HO H OT IlH-
TpaMypaJIbHblX II 'lepenHblX Y3JIOB.
IlpH Y.lI.aJIemlU BepXHHX llIeihlblX ClI\maTlI'IeCI(HX Y3.I)013 Ha ap-
TepH5IX H BelWX KO)J{H JIlIua H rOJI013bl, lIapH.lI.Y C nepepOil<J.<lIO.l.l:n1HCH
J{BHraTeJIbHbl:\fl1 HepBHblMH BOJIOKHa:\1I1, Bcer a OOHapYIKHBalOTCSl
II COBepweHlW coxpaHHble.
K COiKaJIeIlIIIO, 3KCneplli\lelITaJlbHblX HCCJIC.lI.Ol3aI-lllii, nOCB5Irn.eH-
HblX CBH311 'IepemlbIX BereTaTIlBllblX Y3.1)0:3 C KpOBCHOCHbl:\IH CO-
CY.lI.aMH rOJIOBbI II BbmOJIHeHI-lblX HCl3pO,10rH4CCKH:\1II MeTO)l.a:\HI,
nO'iTH HeT. OJ.HaKO H. B. ll>IIJIaT013 (19-18), Y;J,a.1HI3W !ii KpblJlOHeoHbJii
Y3eJI, BII eJl pe3Koe pacwllpeHlle COCY;I.013 CJlH3l1CTOH OOO.104KH
nOJIOCTH Hoca.
BereTaTIiBHble Y3JIbl CB5I3aIlbl co CT130JIOBOii 'JaCTblO Hepl3HOii
CHCTCMbl nperaHr JIlIOHapllbl'IIIlI 130JIOKHaMIl. Ilo 3TIlM BOJlOKHa:\1 IlM-
nYJlbCbl JU u.eHTpa.1bIWii HCpl3HOii CIlCTe:\lbl ;I.OCTHraIOT MOTOHeiipo-
HOB COCY;I.IlCTbIX MblWll. PaCnOJIOi'KeHbl 3TH BOJIOKHa 13 OCHOBHO:\I
B nepe)l.HIIX KOpeWI{ax.
IlperaHrJlIIOI-WpHble BOJlOKHa K J{Bl1raTeJlbHbl:\1 HeiipOHa\l COCY-
J{IICTbIX MblllIIJ. BblXO.ll.HT H3 CfIl!llllOrO 1\103ra, Ha4HlJaH C cro BepXI-le-
rpYJ{HOH llaCTIl (ll>. Hal3pOllKHH, 1870).
320
K MOTOHeiipOHaM COCY;J.OB roJIOBbl OHH BbIXO.n:HT 'Iepe3 nepe.n:HHe
IWpelliKH 01-0 4 CerMeHTOB; K MOTOHellpOHaM cocy.n:OB BepXHHX
KOI-le'lHOCTeH - 'Iepe3 nepe;I.I-ilfe KOpelliKU 02 - 0 6 CerMeHTOB
(11. <P. ll.HOH, 1873); K MOToHelipoHaM cocy.n:OB opraHoB OpIOlliHOH
nOJIOCTH H Ta3a - 'Iepe3 KopelllKlf, CPOPMHPYIOW.He 'IpeBHble. nOk
llpeBHble if Ta30Bble HepBbl; K MOToHeHpoHaM cocy.n:OB HII}J{HHX
KOHe'lHOCTeH-'Iepe3 ncpe.n:Hl1e KopelliKu OS-51 cerMeHTOB (11. <P.ll.H-
OH, 1873; PeH.n:aJIJI, AJIeKcaH.n:ep, KOKC, Xepll.MaH, 1950).
l1MeIOTcH .n:OKa3aTeJlbCTBa, 'ITO KaK npe-, TaK H nOCTraHrJlHO-
HapHi>le BOJIOKHa MorYT no.n:BepraTbCH 'IaCTJ1lIHOMY nepeKpeCTY 11
TeM ocyw.eCTBJIHTb .n:BYCTOPOHHIOIO lII-lHepBall.HlO COCY;J.OB
(E. H. CnepaHcKaH-CTenaHoBa, 1926a, 0; PeH.n:aJIJI, AJIeKcaH.n:ep.
KOhC H Xepll.MaH, 1950).
B COOTBeTCTBl1l1 C Ba*HOCTbIO COCy.n:IICTOll CHCTeMbl B npoll.eccax
:iKH3He.n:eHTeJlbHOCTH OpraHI13Ma lI.eHTpaJlbHble CBH3H HepBHblx
npl160pOB COCy.n:HCTOH CTeHKH 'Ipe3Bbl'laHI-IO MHorooopa3Hbl H 06-
umpHbl. TaK, peqJJleKTOpHble .n:ym .n:J1H cOCy.n:lICTbIX peaKuHH no cY-
W.eCTBY 3aMblKaJOTCH llepe3 Bce ypOl3HH ueHTpaJ.bI-IOH HepI3HOH CII-
CTeMbI.
o B03MO}J{HOM BJII1HHHII rOJIOBHOro M03ra I-Ja KposeHocHble co-
CY)l.bl rOBOpl1J1 cw.c 51. A. .1J.e;I.IOJIIII-l (186;)0). B c.ae;I.YIOw.e;\1 roAY
I I. Y.elllHxlIH (1866) 3KcnepllMeHTaJlbHo nOha3aJI, 'ITO lI.eJIblH pH.n:
OT.n:eJIOB lI.eI-lTpaJlbHOii HepBHOH CIlCTeMbl (CfIlIHIlOH l;! npo.n:oJ.roBa-
Tblii M03r 11 cw.e oOJlee BblCOKlle Y'lacTKII ee) IIMelOT I-lenOcpe.n:CTBeH-
Hoe OTHOllleHl1e K COCy.n:HCTbIM peaKIUUIM opraHlI3Ma.
3aTeM B. 5I. .1J.alUweBcKIiH (1874) nepBblii 113 4>113110JIOrOB nOKa3aJI,
'ITO II Kopa rOJIOBHOro M03ra HBJIHeTCH OOJIaCTbIO, npl1 pa3;J.pmKe-
HIIH KOTOpoii Ha nepmpepllH pa3bIrpbIBaIOTCH pa3I-lOOOpa3Hbie CQ-
cy.n:llcTble OTBeTbI.
B paoOTe B. 1\\. oeXTepeBa 11 I-I. A. MIICJlaBcKoro (1886)
IIMeIOTCfl Y}J{e TO'IHO npOBepeI-lHble 4>aKTbl, C;'lbIC.i1 KOTOpblX KpaTKo
CBO.n:IlTCH K TOMY, 'ITO ;J.BlIraTeJlbHaH OOJIaCTb KOpbl H Y'IaCThll Bne-
pe)l.lI II C3a.n:1I ee. a TaJOKe Kopa I-JaPY}l(J-lblX nouepXHOCTeii BHCO'l-
HblX .n:o".eii IIMelOT HallOO:lblllee OTI-lOllleHHe K cOCy.n:IICTbIM peaKlI.HHM
neplJ(pepHlleCKlIX COCy.n:OB. B :::Hoii }I(e paOOTc B. M. oeXTepeB H
H. A. MIICJIaBCKllii YCTaHOBHJIH, 'ITO thalamus opticus, globus
pallidum H BHYTPCHlIHH KancY,la Tah:iKe OKa3bIBaIOT B".HHHl1e Ha
nepmpepllllecKHe COCy.n: LI .
B ;I.a:lbHeHwewl B. ,\1. oexTepeB (18 7) H A. Y.epeBKoB (1892)
nO;J.TBcp;I.IIJIII 3TH J aIlHbIC. A. LlepcBhoi3a (1892) npHBe;J.eHa y*c
CBO;:J.Ka JIlITepaTypbl no Bonpoc)' 0 B,,1HHI-IHHX, Oha3bIBaeMblX OOJlb-
1.1IIJ:\m nOJIYlllapHH;.m I-Ia COCY;:J.IICTY'0 cHcTeMY.
l1I-lTepeCI-Ible .n:aHHble, Henocpe.'J,cTBeHHo OTHocHw.lleCH K nOBe.n:e-
HIiIO COCY;I.OB npH pa3JIH'IHbIX cOCTOHHHHX KOpb1 fOJlOBHOrO M03ra.
IIMeIOTCH B pa60Te X. W. oOpllWnOJIbCKOrO (18 6), BI1J].CBwero cna3M
nepll4>epJ1lleCKIiX cocy.n:oB BO BpeMH 3nUJlenTJ1lleCKOro npHCTyna.
B. n. GelmoB (1898) no 3T01llY }I,e nOBo;J.Y np5lMO YTBep*.n:aeT, 'ITO
COKpawelUie r JIaJ].KHX MblWU pa3J1J1lIlIb1X opraHOB, B Tcr.1 <;IICJle H CO-
I T. A. fpllropbcea
321
CY.lI.OB, 130 Bpel\1H npHCT)'I1a 3fI11J1enClIII npOIlCXO;J.HT OT TOro. lITO
OHH (rJJa;J.KHe l\1blllIUbl) 33BHCHT OT ,1BllraTeJlblloii KOpbl !\103ra.
B HallIe Bpel\1H 0 KOpKOBOii perYJIHUIIH COCY;J.HCTbIX 4JYHKUlIH
rOBopUT TlmeJlb (Tine!. 1937), I-Ja6JlIO.ll.aBllIUii, 410 pa3;J.pa)KeHlle
MOTOPHOil KOphOBOii 30Hbl Bbl3bIBaeT, KpOMe :tBIDI<CII1I5I I{OIle4HO-
CTeH, 11 COnpOBO}K.lI.aJow.lle 11 x Ba301\10TOpHbiC np05IBJleH115I.
YOJIJI (Wall) 11 )1eBllc (1951) pacllHIpHlOT npe;J.cTaBJleHUH 0 KOp-
KOBblX 30Hax, C KOTOpblX MorYT OblTb Bbl3Ballbl COCY;J.llcTbie peaK-
UI1H. no ;J.aHHbIM 3TIIX aBTopOB, 3TO - BCH 4YBCTBllTeJIbHO-;J.Bllra-
TeJlbI-la5I OOJIaCTb, OCTpOBOK, BIICO'lHaH ;J.OJIH II p5Ij]. ;J.pynlx Y'IaCTKOB
KOpb!.
KJIllHHKa nO.ll.TBep*.lI.aeT 4JH3HOJ10fH4eCKHe HaOJllO.lI.eHI1H 0 l\Op-
KOBbiX peryJIHHHHX COCY.lI.l1CTblX 4JYIIKlHIii. Ewe B 1879 r. DYX
YKa3bIBaJI, 'ITO y OOJIbHblX C ueHTpaJIbHbII\JII nopa}KeHIIHI\III Hao.llO-
.lI.aeTCH KOHTpJIaTepaJlbHOe pacllIHpeHue COCY,WB Te.'la. 3TOT Bonp c
HallIeJI OKOH'IaTeJIbHOe pellIeHue B pa60Tax A. M. rpHHllITeHHa
\1946) 11 3. H. KYP.ll.HHOH (1949), KOTopbIe Ha OCHOBe CneliUaJIbHO
npe.ll.npl1HHTblX 113Y'leHII ii OOJlbHblX C O'iarOBbIMH nOpa}KeHlIHI\JIj
KOpbI rOJIOBHOro M03ra ew.e 60JlbllIe paCllII1pUJUI HallIH npe:J.CTaB-
JIeHHH 0 Ba}KHOM 3Ha'ieHUH KOpbl JIH npaBUJlbHOrO npoTeKaHII5I co-
CY.lI.HCTblX peaKliuiL
OOllIHpHoe UCCJlejJ.OBaIllle no 3TOMY }Ke Bonpocy npe:J.CTaB.leHo
JI. A. KopeHweii (1952). OH I1p0I13BO.ll.HJI BO BpeM5I M03rOBbiX one-
paUI1H MeXaHI1'1eCKOe, TepMH'leCKOe 11 3JIelnpH4ecKoe pa3,1pa}l{eHl1e
KOpKOBblX OT.lI.eJIOB rOJIOBHOrO M03ra B 3aBIICI1MOCTII OT xapaKTepa
H nOTpe6HocTH OnepaTI1BHOrO BMellIaTeJlbCTBa. no ero ;J.aHI-lbII\I. I{opa
HBJIHeTCH BblCllIUM pe4JJleKTOpllblM annapaT0l\1, pery.'mPYIOWII1\1 ;J.e-
HTeJIbHOCTb Bcex HH}KeJle}KaWI1X COCY;J.IICTbiX IleHTpoB. PerY:lllpy-
IOTCH cOCY;J.ucTble peaKWIlI napHbIl\1H 06pa30BaHlIHMu, npll'leM
rJlaBHblM oopa30M nepel{peCTHo. Ba30MOTOplll{a CBH3aHa, KpoMe-
Toro, 11 C nCI1XH'IeCKOH JJ.eHTeJlbIlOCTbIO. nOJJ.I\OpKOBblMIl cOCY;J.O;J.BlI-
raTeJIbHbIMH IleHTpal'v1ll HBJI5II0TC5I cTpilOnaJIJIlI.ll.apHa5I CIICTeMa.
H rl1nOTaJIaMH'IeCI\3H OOJIaCTb. 3aTeM npo:WJIrOBaTblii M03r II, Ha-
KOHeIl, cnHHHoii M03r, B KOTOpOM ocyw.ecTBJI5IIOTCH II cerMeHTapHbie
peaKIlIllI (JI. A. KopeHllIa, 1952). Ha 3Ha'leHHe cnllHHoro 1\I03ra
.lI.JlH npaBHJIbHOrO npoTeKaHHH COCY,1I1CTbiX peaKIUlii Yha3bIBaeT
H H. K. 31031111 (1950).
HaKolleli, 0 KOpK0130M npe,1cTaBlITeJILCTBC COCyltllCTbiX l!JYHK-
lil1H cBlI eTeJIbCTByeT 11 YCJIOBHope4J.TJeKTopIILlii xap<lInep COCY;J.lI-
CTblX peaJ\1lIlH. TOllHble IICC.le;J.OBaWHl 3TOro Bonpoca 11 .lI.oCToBepHLle
3aKJllO'IeHlIH HMeIOTC5I B paooTax K. M. DbJl{OBa (1947), A. A. Po-
roBa (1951) II A. r. nllIOmlKa (1952).
TaKIIM oopa30M, conOCTaBJUI5I 113JIO}KelIlIblC 13 3TOii 11 npe.1bI;J.y-
UleH rJIaBaX CBe.ll.elll1H, Mbl i'J.OJI}I{lfbl npH3HaTb, lITO KOpKOBa51 pery-
.TJHlill51 COCY.lI.HCTblX 4J)'HI{lil1ii npOIlCXO;J.IIT nOTOl\l)', liTO I{opa
HBJIHeTCH BbICllIHM aHaJlll3aTOpOM COCT05IHH5I COCY,1HCTOii CHCTe:\lbl H
11 MeeT, l{pOMe TOro, 0611lllpllble CB5I3H C COC)')l.IICTbll\m lieHTpa:l.m
B I1H}KeJle}Kaw.lIX OOJlaCTHX ueHTpa.lblIoii HepBlIoil Clk[l"l\I!>I, a 'Ie-
3z:!
pe3 IIIIX II C nepmIJC'pll'lC'CI";1I1\1II ann8p8T8MII COCY.AIICTOii nO.ll.BH:>K-
IIOCTII.
KOPI";OBbIii allaJUI3aTOp COCY.lI.lICTbIX (PYII KllIdi pacnOJlaraeTCH,
nOBII,lll:\IO:\IY, 130 BCeX oT.le:WX KOpbl. Bo BCHKOI\l CJIY'Iae COCY.lI.H-
CTbIe pC'8KIlIIII 1303:1.IOmllbi IIpll pa3,1.pameHIIII .I1KJ6bIX OT,1.e.l0B KOpbl -
,1.BllraTe.lbIlOrO, lIYI3CfBIITC:IbIlOrO, 3pllTCJlbllOrO, CJI)"XOBOrO H T. .lI..
HenOcpe:J.CTI3C'IIIIOC' U:III5HlIle nCIIXII'!CCKIIX COCTOH11l1ii Ha nOBe.ll.eHHe
COCY:lOI3 nO:lTnepmJlaeT 3TO 1I0JIOmC'lllle.
HIICXO,1.HUlllC' Cml311 roJIOI3HOro M03ra C HHmeJlemaUJ.HMII CTBO-
,;IOBbll\lII II Clllllla.lbllbII\III UC'IITpal\lII ocyw.eCTBJI5IIOTCH, nOBH.lI.HMOMY,
BCeUl IUlCXO,1HW.I!:\1II CIICTeMaI\UI-KaK Hllpal\lH.lI.Hbll\lH, TaK II 3KCTpa-
nHpa:\III,1.Hb1l\1I1. 063TOM r0130pllT nacceK (npIlBe;teHo no feJIbXopHY,
1943), BlI.'lenUHlii, 'I TO nO"1T1I 80 o BOJIOKOII nllpaMH.lI.Horo nY"lKa
CfIllHHOro MO.3ra OKaJI'IlIB3IOTCH He lIa MOTOHeiipOHax nepe.zumx
poron, a Ha HeiipOllax, .lI.aIOUJ.HX Ha"IaJlO nperaHrJIHOHapHblM BOJIOK-
HaM, II KopeMllla (1952), YTBep:>K,1:talOllllIM. 'ITO H 3KCTpanHpaMIi.ll.Hbie
npOBO,1.IIlIKII cmulHoro 1\I03ra CO.ll.ep:>KaT BOJIOKHa nYTeH COCY.lI.HCTbIX
peaKullii.
1'13 CTBOJIOBOii 4aCTIf UeHTpaJIbHOii HepBHOH CHCTeMbI (Ii3 cnHH-
HOro II npO.ll.OJlroBaToro M03ra, H3 BapOJlHeBa MOCTa Ii HO:>KeK M03ra)
OTpOCTKIi KJICTOK, 06pa3YIOUJ.HX MeCTHble COCY.lI.O.ll.BIiraTeJlbHble
lleHTpbl, HanpaBJl5IIOTCH B Ka"leCTBe nperaHr JIIiOHapHblX BOJIOKOH
B COOTBeTCTBYIOw.lle Y3Jlbi BereTaTHBHoii HepBHOH CIi, CTeMbI r.ll.e Ii
.ile:>KaT ,1.BllraTeJlbHble KJleTKIl ;tJl51 COCY.lI.lICTblX MbIlllU.
21.
rJIaBa IX
o HEPBHOff PEfYJUILJ.Hl1 KPOB006PAIllEHH5I
MaTepl1aJI HaCT05lw,eH pa60Tbl, KpHTH'IeCKH pa306paHHblii 11 co-
nOCTaBJIeHHblH C MaTepHaJIOM, B orpoMHoM KOJIH'IeCTBe npe.ll.CTaB-
JIeHHblM B JIllTepaType, n03BOJI5IeT C.lI.eJIaTb HeKoTopble 06ll1.lIe Bbl-
BO.lJ.b1 H 3aKJIIO'leI-lH5I OTHOCIlTeJIbHO CTPYKTypbl H qJYHKuHOHaJIbHoro
3Ha'leHH5I HHHepBaUHoHHblX MexaHH3MOB KpoBeHocHblX cocY.lI.oB.
<1>H3HOJIOrl1lleCKH B 06JIaCTH KpoBo06paw,eHH5I C HaH60JIbweii
51pKOCTblO Bblpa)KeH 3aKOH peqJJIeKTopHoro qJYHKUHoHllpoBaHH5I ue-
JIOCTHOH opraHHoH CIiCTeMbl.
Mop$JJlOrH'IeCKOe HCCJIe.ll.OBaUHe Hep.3HblX npH60poB cocY.lI.H-
CToif CTeHKII 06"b5lCH5IeT H nO.ll.TBep)K.lI.3eT 3TO peqJJIeKTOpHoe 4>YHK-
UHoHHpoBaHHe.
Pe4>JICKTOpHbIH npHHIwn, npOB03rJIaWeHHblH 11. M. Ce'leHOBbI:\I
(1866a, 6) no OTHoweHHlO KO BceM aKTaM C03UaTeJIbHOH II 6ecco-
3HaTeJIbHOH )KH3HH, BCKope H oc06eHHo .lI.eMoHCTpaTHBHo 6bl.'l KOH-
KpeTll3HpOBaH H3 npHMepe .lI.e5lTeJlbHOCTii KpOBeHOCI-lblX COCY.lI.OE.
51. A. Lle.ll.lOJlHH (1865a, 1868), Y'IeHHK H COTpYl HHK H. t \. Ce-
lleHOBa, nOKa3aJl, 'ITO B OCHOBe 4>YHKUHOHHpOBaHH5I COCYAHCTOli
CHCTeMbl Jle)KHT nepe;:{a'Ia B036Y)!{.lI.eHH5I C 'IYBCTBIITeJlbHOrO HepB-
HOro 3nnapaTa Ha .lI.BlIraTeJlbHblH, Bb13b1B31OW,IIH .lI.BH)KeHlle COC -
.lI.HCTOH CTeHKlI, npH'IeM nepBblll, T. e. 'IYBCTBHTeJlbHblii, MO)KeT Ha-
XO.ll.HTbC5I He TOJlbKO B CTeHKe caMoro COCY.lI.a, HO H B Jl106m.t l{PY-
rOM :\tecn opraHH3Ma.
B CJle.ll.YIOw,eM )Ke ro.ll.Y npllHium pe4>JleKTOpHoro <PYIIKUHOHHpO-
BaHH5I KpOBeHOCHblX COCY.lI.OB 6blJl nOATBep)K;{eH B pa60Tax
I1. M. LloreJI5I (1869) II I1. . l!.HoHa (1869, 1871), elll.e 'lepe3 HC-
CKOJIbKO .'1eT - n pa60Tax M Dom\OBa (1874), 11. D. DaB_l0Ba
(1877) II LleJIeueH3 (1897). a 3aTel\l II BCel\IH, KTO 3aHHl\IaJlC5I Bonpo-
caMIi peaKUHH COCYJlIlCTOH CHCTeMbl (Hofmann, 1909; Kuno. 1914:
Xecc, 1917; J1epHw H Fontaine, 1927; Gessler, 1928; rpHII, 1935;
Vi, 1939; Gordon, 1943; Ll. A. 5HpIOKOB, 1946; ([)paHKe c COTpY.lI.-
HHKaMH, 1950; Ll. r. KBacoB II H. I1. HaYMeHKo, 1951. H ,'J.p.).
B HacT05lw,ell pa60Te pa306p3H cfJaKTli'leCKHH MaTepliaJl no CTpO-
eHHIO H 4>YHKIUWH3J1bHOMY 3Ha'ielUllO HepBHblx npH6opoB COCY.lI.OB.
113 ,noro MaTepH3Jla B nepBYIO O'lepe.ll.b BbITeKaeT, 'ITO COCY.J.HCTa51
324
CHCTeMa q6HJlbHeHlllllM 06pa30M cHa6>KeHa 'IYBCTBHTeJlbHbIMH OKOH-
ImHlIHMH. AcjxpepellTHaH 'IaCTb peqmeKTopHOl1 }l.ym COCYJUlCTbIX
CPYHKUI1H lllllpOKIiM pacTpy60M (YXToMCKIIH, 1921) 06palll.eHa
K p33.l1.pa>KaJolUIiM cpaKTopaM.
B OOlll.eM BH.lI.e Cpe.ll.H COCY.iJ.HCTbIX peJJ.emopoB npe.ll.CTaBJleHbI pe-
uenTopbl 06MeI-iHbIX npoLT.eccoB, peJJ.erlTOpbl Mblllle'lHOrO TOHyca H
Mblllle1IHbiX COKpalll.eHI1i'1 H peuenTopbI KpoBHlloro .lI.aBJleHHSl.
OrpoMHoe CTPYKTypHoe r-HIoroo6pa3He, xapaKTepH3YIOlll.ee 3TH
peuenTopbl, n03BOJIHeT ClliiTaTb MopctmJlOrIl'leCKH 060CHOBaHHOl1
cnoc06HocTb KpOBeHOCHblX COCY.lI.OB pearHpOBaTb Ha pa3Hoo6pa3Heii-
lllHe C.lI.BlIrll B HHX caMHX H B OKPY>KalOlll.HX HX TKaI-iHX. Ha.ll.o C'IH-
TaTb, 'ITO peuenTopbl cocY.lI.lICIOA CTCHKH TOI-iKO H TO'lHO npHcnoc06-
.1eHbl Ka>K.'!bl 1 K cBoeMY cneIlIlqIH'Iecl<OMY pa3.l1.pa>KHTCJIIO H TOHKO
H TO'lHO nepe.ll.aIOT HepsHble I1MnYJlbCbl, R03HHKaIOllI.He B HliX no.ll.
BJlHHHHeM 3T11X pa3,7:{pa>KI1TeJleH B cooTBeTcTByIOllI.He OT}l.eJIbl Hepa-
HoA CHCTeMbl.
TaKlle CBoHcTBa aqxpepeHTHoro 3BeHa peqmeKTopHOH .lI.yrli Co-
CY.ll.lICTblX peaKIlHH He CJIYlIaHHbl. aI-ill B031U1KJlH HCTOpH'IeCKH
B CBH3H CO CJlO>KHbIM CPYHKIU10IlHpOBaHHeM H aa>KHOCTbIO .lI.J1Sl op-
raHH3Ma COCY.ll.HCTOH CHCTeMbI H JIC}j{aT B OCHORe npOJJ.eCCOB pery-
mlpOBaHlHl ee JI.eHTeJlbHOCTH.
PerYJIllpOBaHlle >Ke .lI.e5lTeJIbHOCTH KpOBeHOCHOH CHCTeMbl I1.e-
.1eco06pa3HO HanpaSJIeBO Ha nOJU1.ep>KaJllIe BBellIHero H BHYTpeH-
Hero 06MCHa OpraHJl3Ma, .lI.J1H KOTOpOro He06xo.ll.HMO, C O.ll.HO"
CTOpOHbl, nOCTOHI-iCTBO KpomlHoro }l.aBJleHHH, C .lI.pyroH >Ke-Henpe-
pbIBHoe nepepacnpe.ll.eJIeHHe KpOBlI B CBH3H C BHelllHHMH II BHYTpeH-
HIIMH COOTHOllleHHHMI1 (paOOTa, .lI.eHTeJIbHOCTb BHYTpeHHHX opra-
HOB, ypOBeBb 06MeHa H 1. .lI..).
TOJlbKO TOHKaH H MHoro06pa3HaH CTpYKTypIlpOBaHIJOCTb 'Iya-
CTBHTeJIbHblX OKOH'IaHIIH n03BOJl5leT HM BocnpHHHMaTb orpOMHoe KO-
JIH'IeCTBO pa3,l1.pa:>KeHHH OT cpaKTopOB, COnpSl>KCUllbIX C npOl1.eCCaMH
:>KH3He.ll.eHTeJlbHOCTlI OpraI-ll13Ma, B K3:>K.lI.bIU MOMeHT CBoero cYlll.e.
CTBOBaHHH Tpe6YIOillero H nOJU1.ep}j{aHHH onpe.ll.eJleHHOrO ypOBHH CH-
CTeMHoro KpOBHHoro l aBJIeHHH, H nOCTOHHHoro nepepacnpe.ll.eJIeHHSl
KpOBH, Hanp3BJlHeMOH TO K OA.I-IHM, TO K , pyrHM opraH3M.
TOHKOCTb II TOIIHOCTb perHCTpHpOBaHIIH 'IyncTBHTeJIbHbIMII npH-
60paMlI COCY.ll.llcToii CTeHKH Bcero, 'ITO pa3blrpbIBaeTCH B HHX caMHX
H B Tex MeCTax, rLle 011I1 ooeCne 1 lH13aIOT 06MeHHblC OTHOllleHHH Me>K.lI.Y
KpOBbIO II TK3H51MH, Jle)KaT B OCHOBe Heo6bl'l3HHOH nO.ll.BH:>KHOCTH,
TOHKOCTlI H TO'lHOCTH OTl3eTHblX COCY.lI.HCTblX peaKJJ.HH.
113 M3TepHaJIOB, npHBe.ll.eHHblX B HaCTOHlll.ei'l pa60Te, BbITeKaeT,
lITO e.ll.HHCTBeHHbl:l1 lICnOJlHHTeJIbHblM MexaHH3MOM B CJIO>KHOM pectJ-
JleKTOpHOM npoJJ.ecce, 06eCne'lHBaIOllI.CM H nO.ll..lI.ep>KalUle ypOBH5I
KpOBHHoro .lI.aBJleHHH, H JI.OCTaBKY KpOBH K opraHaM, Ii pacnpe}l.e-
J1eHHe ee B opraHax, HBJIS1eTC5I COCY.lI.HCTaH nO.ll.BH>KHOCTb.
B nOJlHOM COOTBeTCTBlIl1 C TeM, Ha 'ITO YKa3bIBaJI 11. D. DaBJIOB
(1909-1910,1911), rOBopH 0 ueHTp06e>KHOI\I annn paTe pectJ.TJeKTopHblX
peaKI1.HU, KOTOpblii «BCCr;(3 npOll e, CTal1.IIOllapHCe, MeHee H3MeH'IHB,
325
lJeM lleHTpOCTpeMIITeJlbHbIii»l, lleHTpOOem:llblll allnapaT Cnel.lHaol1bHO
COCY.ll.OB nOCTpoell (no LpaBHeHll10 C ueHTpOCTpel\!lfTe.1bHbll\l) TaKm:e
e.ll.l1H006pa3HO II IIpOCTO.
.LI.Bl1raTeJlbHble nplioopbl cocy.lI.OB npe.ll.CTaB.'IeHbl HepBHO-Mbl-
IllellHblM annapaTOM, B COCTaB KOToporo BXO.ll.IIT r JIa,1.KOMbIIlle ' lHaH
KJIeTKa H ,n:BIIraTeJIbHOe H pBI-lOe OKOH'IaHlle, oopa30BaHHoe lIepB-
HblM BOJIOKIIOM - OTpOCTKOM raHrJllIOHapHOro lIeHpOHa BereTa-
THBHOH HepBHOH CHCTeMbI.
KaK MHoro06pa31ie CKeJleTHO-MblIlleIIHbIX peaKlulii ,1.0CTIIraeTCH
TeM, 'ITO O.ll.HII II Te m:e MblIllllbi nplll\leHHIOTCH .'].JI51 TblCWIII ueJIeii,
BXO.ll.H B pa3JlIfllHble KOMOI1Halll1ll no.']. onpe.'].eJUlIow,HM BJ1I1HIIHe:'1
lJellemoplloro annapaTa (H. n. naBJIOB, l ll), TaK II MHorooopa311e
COCy,n:HCTbIX peaKllIlH onpC.lI.eJIHeTCH KOM6I1HallIleii npocTblX HepBHo-
MbIIlle'lHbIX e,1.IIHlIll, c03JlaBae:.IOH no,1. onpe.'{c:I5IIOw,IIM BJIHHlllleM
a4>cpepeHTHoro 3BeHa pe4>JIeKTOpHoii .WrII.
Bce OTBeTHble cOCY,1.IICTble peaKllIlII ocyw.ecTBJIHIOTCH npocTblM
H e,n:HtlO06pa3HblM ,n:BHraTeJlbHbiM npH6opoM cocY.ll.l1cToii CTeHKl1.
MHoro06pa3He m:e 3T1IX peaKlllIH II IIX TOHKoe COOTBeTCTBlie no-
Tpe6HOCTHM 06ecne'lHBaJOTCH KOM6111lalllleii .'].BllraTeJlbllblX npll60pOB
COCy,n:HCTOH CTeHKII, BCTynaIOw.HX B ,1.eikTBlle no.ll. B;IIIHHlle:'1 cne-
lU1cplflieCKOH peaKTlIBHOCTH BOCnpHHlIl\IalOllllIX pa3.'].pa>l(CHlle
annapaTOB.
B HacToHw.eH pa60Te npIlBe}.{eHbl .lI.aHHble, KacaIOw.lleCH CTpOeI-lIIH
MblIlle'lHbIX CTeHOK COCy,n:OB pa3HblX OT,1.eJIOB KpOBeHOCHOH CIICTeMbl. H
nOKa3aHO cnellllcpJllleCKli xapaKTeplloe J{JIH Kam:.lI.oro OTpe3Ka pac-
nOJIom:eHIIe B HIIX MblIllellHblX 3JIeMeHTOB, HaIlJIYlIIllII:\l 06pa30M
cnoc06HbiX ocyw,eCTBJIHTb n YTeM O,1.HOTlIIIHOrO COKpaTllTeJIbllOrO
aKTa peaKlllll!, lleJIeco06pa3I-lO HanpaBJIellHble Ha BbIIIO.'IHeHIIC 3a-
,n:a'l, npo,n:IIKTOBaHI-lbIX TeKyw.IIMII nOTpe6HOCTHMII opraHlI3Ma.
COCY.lI.bl opraHOB B HacTOHw,eii pa60Te Bbl,1.e.1ellbl B cnCllIla.1bHYIO
rpynny no npll3HaKY 06eCne'leHIIH HMII He TOJIbKO III ITa HlIH , HO
cnellllcpIl'lecKoro II He06xo.'{HMOro j.{JIH oprallH3Ma KaK ueJIoro 4>YHK-
llHOHllpOBaHHH opraHHblX CTPYKTYp. TaKoe Bbl.ll.eJleHlle n03130JIII.10
cocpe,n:OTO'lI1Tb BHIIMaHlie Ha CneUllaJIbHblX npllcnocoo.1eHIIHX
COCy,n:I1CTOH CTeHKli B opraHax II Ha illlllepBallllOHHblX np1l60-
pax, JIem:alll.lIX B OCI-IOBe tPYHKllIlOHIIpOBaHI1H 3TIIX npllcnocoo-
JIeHIIH.
AHaJIII3 Tex H ,1.PYrIlX npHBeJI K PH.lI.Y 3aKJIIO'IeHIIH 0 cneull4>m:e
MeCTHoro KpoBo06paw,eHIIH, 0 ero OTHOCilTCJlbHOH He3aBlICHMOCTII OT
06ll1.ero CIiCTeMHoro KpOBOTOI(a II O,1.HOBpeMeHHO 0 e;{IIHCTBe 060IlX,
HanpaBJIeHHOM Ha BblIIOJIHeHlle I OHelIHOH 3aJla'lll - no.'].;.{ep>l\aHIIe
BHeIllHero II BH)'TpeHllero 06MeHa opraHlI3Ma.
Ha npIlMepe CTPYKTYP, JIem:aw,I1x B OCHOBe ooeCne1JelHHI MeCT-
Horo KPOB006paw.eHIIH, oc06eHHO OTlleTJIlIBO BblcTynaeT npOCTOTa
11 e,n:IIHooopa3l1C HCnOJIHIITeJIbHOrO annapaTa COLY;{OB_
1 II. n. naB.1 0 B, .ll.Ba.l\uaTII.leTIIIIH onblT OU"beKTIIBlioro 113VlJelilHI
Bblcwell lIepBlloii )JeHTeJIbIiOCTII (noBe.l\eIlIlH) MIiBOTllbIX, 1932, CTp. 95.
326
KaK B .11000:\1 .1.pyro:\1 OTpC3KC KpOBeHOClIoro cocYl!a, II 3.D:eCb
:.ITO - rJIa}{hOMbIUICLIHaSI KJIeTKa C ee M010llCiipOllOM -- KJIeTKOH
BereTaTIiBHoii HepBlIoii CHCTCMbI. .V\Horooopa3I1e peaKLUIH BHYTPH-
opraHHbiX COCY;{OB ooecne'l II BaCTC5I , KaI, II Be3 e 13 COCY;J.HCTOH
CIICTel\IC, 4Jym'IllloIIIlpOBaIIIICM 3TIIX O HlWKOBbIX 3J1ei\lCHTOB .lI.BIIra-
TC.1blloro aIlnapaTa 13 pa3;I1l'lIlbIX CO'll'TaHIISlX.
KOllliCIIlUlSI 0 Cnl'IUl4J11'1II0CTlI MeCTHoro hpOBoooparn.emlH no-
3BOJlSleT I10IlSlTb l\IHOrIiC <I)cll Tbl, hacalorn.IICCH pC4J.neKTopHoro OT-
KpblTJIH KO:IJIaTepaJIbllbiX II YTt'ii (R. eill, 1 3U) 13 M03ry II npllJIIlBa
KpOBl1 K M031'Y npll ClIl\maTll'leCKOii Ba301,oHcTpIiKIlIlIi cOCY;1,OB
Te.1a (Lubscn, 1 4U; Doring, 19;)U; 6. H. K:IOCOBCKIIii, 1 31), paBHo
Kal II lpaKTbl, hacalorn.lleCSI cnOl:uolloCTIi BII)TpIlrJla311iI'lHbIX cocY-
.lI.OB coxpallSlTL 1I0pMa,lLllbul ypOBCHL I311YTpHr.1a3I-lOrO cOCY.lI.I1CTOrO
;J.aB.1eHIISI Ha 4Jolle JII00blX I13l\1CHeHIIii CHCTeMHoro KpoBoToKa
(LLIIOH, 1874; Porsaa, 1 41).
KOHIleIlliH 51 0 cneLUllpll L1110CTlI l\leCTlioro KpOBo06parn.eI-lilH n03BO-
.mH T nOHHTL ;J.allHLle OTHUCllTe:lbIlO cBoeo6pa311H KopoHapHoro H
J1erO'lHoro Kp0130TOKa, couorn.ael\lblC MHUrJIl\lII aBTopaMII (rpllH,
1935a, b; Baudrimollt et j\\augein-Mer1et, 1 33; 1\\acGregor,
1934; Toyama. 19:L5, II ;J.p.). paBIiO Kal, II ;J.allilble, KacalOWlieCH
cnUCUOIiOCTII I10LIIUI COXpall5lTb 1I0pMaJlbHblii hpOBOTOK ,1.3)1{e npH
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llI.CCIICTel\lllbIX H BIIYTplioprallHblx COCY.AHCTbIX peaKLlIIH.
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327
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328
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opraHH3Ma.
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HIITeJIbHhIe HapYllleHH5I B OTnpaBJIeHH5IX opraHH3Ma.
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CTeMa 51BJI5IeTC5I KOHelJHblM 3BeHOM pecj.JJleKTOpHOH Jlym COCYJlHCTOH
nOJlBflmHocnI fI nOJllJflHeHa BblllleJIemRlll.flM OTJleJIaM HepBHOH CfI-
CTeMbI JlO KOpbl 60JIblllflX nOJIYlllapflH BKJIIOlJWreJIbHO.
329
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HOCHbIX cocy.n.OB, HeCOMIWHHO, 13a)l(lIble :lJIH TpOliJlIKII oprallOB II TKa-
Hell, SlBJl5II0TC5J pe<j:JJleKTUpHbIMII II 3aBlICHT OT r-IHOnIX nepllCpepWle-
CKHX fI Ile1-ITpaJlbHbIX IIJaKTOp013
B 3TOM acneKTe Ha,QO IJ3)'<JaTb TpOlIJlI'IeChlle 113Mellell1l51 B opra-
HII3Me, BbI3BaHHblf' TeM IIJIII IIlIblM COCTU5IlIlIer-l COCVlllICTOii nO,i].BHlK-
HOCTH. K 3TOii OOJlaCTlI IICCJle,'J,OBaIHHI, lIecr-IUTpH lIa urpOMHoe ee
3Ha'-leHlle .n.JI5I 3,QopOBoro II Oo.!IbIlUrU UpraHlI3Ma, HaYKa no CYW.eCTBY
ew.e He npIICTyna.na. I I. n_ naB.rIOH rOBOpllJl, <ITO IWYKa .lJ.BHlKeTCSl
TOJl'-lKaMII, B 3aBIICilMOCTil OT C013epllleIlCTBOBaIlH5I MeTO;J.I1'-1eCKIIX
npfIeMOB. CaMbIM Ba)KllblM Ml'TO;J.II'1eCKIlM npileMOM B pa3paOOTKe
.n.aJlbHeHlllIIX 3a,Qa'-l B OOJlaCTIl <j:JYIIKIlIIOHllpOBaIllI51 COcy.n.IICTOii: CII-
CTeMbI II CB5I3aHHbIX C HelO MHorHX BonpOCOB OblJl OI,l oOJlee TecHbIii:.
'-IeM Cell'-laC, KOHTaKT MOplpOJlOrOB II IpIl3110JIOrOB. OH n03BOJIIW Obi
HaYKe nO,QH5ITbC51 Ha HOBYIO cTyneHb, «C KOTOpOH OTKpblBaeTC5I HO-
BblH ropH30HT C HeBII,QIIMbIMH paHbllle npe,QMeTaMH» 1.
o HeOOXO,QHMOCTIl TaKoro KOHTaJ(Ta roBOpllJlH MHorlie BbI.n.mo-
w.lieC5I HCCJle.n.OBaTeJlH. Ew.e B CBoe BpeM5I A. n. BaJlbTep (I 851)
nHCaJl: «JlOJl)KHO, no B03MO)KIIOCTlI, BMerT!:' H3YQaTb allaTOM1I1O H CPH-
3HOJlOrHIO HepBHoH CHCTeMbI, 1100 Tor.n.a TOJlbKO Ta Ii l{p)Ta5J HaYKa
6y.n.YT ,QOCTaTO'-lHO H3"b5JCHeHbl H O)!<I1BJlelIbl». K TaKoMY KOHTaJ<TY He-
npecTaHHo npH3blBaJl I1CCJle,QoBaTeJlei,i D. Ii. JIaBpeHTbeB.
HeperneHHblx 3a,QaQ B OOJlaCTlI CPYHKIllIoIIHpoBaHlI51 KpoBeHoc-
HOH CHCTeMbI ew.e Mlloro. OOJlbllle. 'leM pellleHHblx. Ho ycnelllHoe
pellleHlle 3THX 3 a.n.a 'I Jle)KI1T I1a nYTH COBMeCTHOH paOOTbl CpII3HOJlO-
roB fI MOPCPOJlOr013.
1 VI. n. naB:1 u B, J1eKUIIII 0 paoeJTe r,1aDllblX fllIUJeBapHTeJIbllblX
lKeJIe3, 1949, CTp. 22.
J1ItTEPATYPA
A 6 P a )/( a II 0 B .\., npOXOIlHT .111 IJ CTenKax Kpynnblx apTeplli\ KOIII:''1110
CTeH ".11111I1bIC 6aJIellbie nYTII? BeCTlIlIK xHpypnlll II 1I0rpalllllJllbiX 06JIa-
CTeii. 1927. 9.24.
\ r a t\ a Ii 0 B A. r.. 0 lIepllllhlx OhOlllJallllHX B LlII.111ap1l01II Te.'Ie y
M.1ehOllllTalOw,IIX II lJe:IOlleKa, I\a3allh, 1893.
A H pan e T I, H II U 3. Ill., BblclllaH lIepBliaH .IIeHTe.1hIlOCTb H peuenTopbl
BIIYTpellllllX opralloD, M.- J1., 1952.
A JI I, n I' po B II lJ II. r., Maleplla.1b1 no 1I3YlJellHia II:IIIHIIIIH y.l\aJIellHH
CO.1I1elJIIOrO CII,1en'IIlIH lIa KpO!lOOupaw,elllle, .lI.IICC., M., 1949.
A JI I, TillY .1 I, A. C, K Donpocy 0 tvlOpqJo:lOnlll lJYBCTBllTeJIbllblX lIepBllblx
OKolIlJalillii KIIUJe ' II1I1Ka III:H'KOIIIITa lOW, II X. DIOJlJleTelib 3KcnepllllleliTaJIb-
1I0ll 6110.10nlll II III e.l\ II 1111 II 1,1. 1940. 10, 1/2. 21.
A .TJ b T UJ Y .'1 I, A. C., Mopll,o,lOrliH lJYBCTBHTeJIbllblX lIepBllbL\ OKOlillallHH
KHUle ' II1I1Ka M.'JeKOII, IITaIOIl\IIX D c6. «MOpI!JOJIOrIiH lJYBcTBIITeJlbliOH
IIlIlIeplJaUlII1 IJIIYTPPIIIIIIX OpraIlOIJ», M., 1948, CTp. 149.
A II II lJ K 0 B C. B.. .lI.eiicTlJlle Kypape lIa KapOTlI11llbIC KJIy60lJKII. <1JH3110-
.10rlllJeCKIiH }/(yplla:1 CCCP, 1947, 33, 267.
A II II lJ K 0 B C. B., Jlonoe B ou.1aCTII I!JaplllaKOJIOnIiI lIepBlioH perYJIHUIiH
KpoBOOUpaU\eIllIH H .l\blxallllH, B KII.: HepBliaH pery.1HIlIIII KpoBo06paw,e-
IIIIH II .l\bIXaIiIIH, 1952. CTp. 31.
A II II lJ K () B C. B. II J) I' :1 l' II b K If II M. 1\., BJlIIHlllle UllalillCToro Ka.TJIIH
lIa lJYBCTBIITl'.1bIl0l"Th KapOTlIJUlhlX X 0:11I lip elleliTOpO!l. DIOJIJIeTelib 3KC-
neplDlellTa.1bllOH O1l0.10rlllI II lIIe}J,lIlllIlIbl, 1948. 25, 2,120.
A II II lJ K 0 B C. B.. 3 a K Y COB B. B., K y 3 II e U 0 B A. H. II no.TJ H-
hOB H. r.. Pell..1eKCbl lIa ,1bL\a II II e. R031111KalOIUlie npll IUIpKy.1HUHII
H;(OB no COCY.l\aM, <i'1I3IIO.10nllJPCKIIII }/(yplla.1 CCCP, 1935, 21, 5/6,
809.
A II 0 X II II n. K., 311a 1 lelflle KpO!lHIIOrO .l\aDJIeIlIlH J],JIH aKTIIlJllblX cOKpa-
IuelllIii Kallll.1:IHPOII, TpY,1bI rocY,'I,apCTlJellllOro IlIlCTHTYTa III e.l\II UH11-
CKIIX 311a1l1lH. 1928, 2.
A p II UI T e i\ II I\. A., Die Enuapparatp des Geschmacksnerven, ;lieurol.
ZbL, 1893, 173.
A p II UI T e ii II I\. A., Zur Morpha10gie der secretorischen Nervenend-
apparate, 1\lIaL AIlZ., 18 )5. 10, 410.
A P II UI T e i\ II K. A., OllhlT CIICTl'WITlIKII lIl'pDllblX OKOII'laIlIlH. HCBpOJIO.
rIIlJeCKIIH BeCTlIlIK, 1898. G, I. 216.
A pUla B C K a H 3. II., Pe{I':leKc Lowen D 0llTorelle3e, <1J1I3110.10rJl'IeCKHH
"'yplla.1 CCCP. 19..8. 34, 2. 277.
A pUla B C K II H II. A., A P III a IJ C K a H 3. II., r 0,1 b.l\ III a II A. VI.,
H II K 0 JI a e D a C. II., K p 10 lJ K 0 IJ a A. II.. n a .II y lJ e B a
,\. J1. II P 0 3 a II 0 IJ a B. .lI.., McxallII3M Ba30.l\1I:IHTaUIIH npH
pa3.1l1lJllblX 3aw,IITllb1X pcaKIlIIHX (JIBllraTeJIhllblX II BOCllaJlIITe.1bllbIX)
B 0liTorelle3e, TpY,1bl VI I 13Cl'l"0103110ro C Le3.11a qJJl3110.10roD, 6110XIIMII-
KOB II <}!aplllaKo.10roll. 1947, 516.
.\ cpa T H II C. H., .lI.eiicTBlie rallr.111OlIapllblX H,10B lIa H30.1I1poBallllb-ii:
KapOTII.l\lIbIH CIlIlYC. TpY.l\bl Boelilio-Me11IlUllllcKOii aKa.l\eMHH HM.
e. M. KllpOI1,I, 1938 17, 229 (a).
331
A cpa T H II C: H., 0 .IIellCTBI1I1 TeTpallleTIIJIalllllWlIlIH lIa XHMII'IeCKHe pe-
uenTopbl KapOTII.IIllblX CIIIIYCOB, <1J II 311 OJIOrtl'lCCKIl ii )KypllaJI CCCP,
1938, 24, 33 (6).
A cpa T H II C. H. II K y 3 II e u 0 D A. II., .lI.ciicTBlie lI;JpKOTII'IeCKIIX Be-
UJecTR lIa clllloKapoTII.a.';JYIO 30llY, Tal\! )!(e, 1938, 24, 964.
B a p .l\ e II 1lI T e ii II C., Uber nen'ose Wechselbeziehungen der Nebennie-
ren und des Paraganglion abdominale mit den anderen Organen der
Bauchhohle bei der Katze. Anal. Anz., 1930, 7], 37.
BapblllIIIHKOD YI. A., l,eKaypil H. B. lIMo lice CD E. A.,
BJIIIHlllle uJIY)!{.l\aloUJero II CIIMnaTlI'leCKOra lIepBoD II KapOTII.l\IIoro
cIIlIyca lIa KOpOIl;JpIlOe KpOBOoUpaluel!lIe, TpY.l\bl <1J1I3110JIOrtI'ICCKOro
III1CTliTYTa IIl11ellil YI. n. naB.10Ba, 1949, 4, 211.
J) a p bl 1lI II II K 0 D YI. A., IJ 0 P C Y K B. H., 3 a K C M. r., 30 T H K 0-
B a 11. H., naB JI 0 D r. H. II To JI U Y X II II a B. II., K Donpocy
o lIepDlloii perYJIHUilil )1eHTCJlbIiOCTII 1II0Jlo'llloii )!{eJIe3bI, )I\yplla.TJ 06UJeii
6110JIOrHII, 1953, 14, 4, 257.
B e p e 3 H II B. B., 0 .l\eiicTDilli H110B lIa COCY.IIbI JlerKIIX, PYCCKHii Bpa'l,
1914, 9, 294 (a).
Be p e 3 H II B. 1-1., 0 ,'I.eiiCTBHH H.l\OB lIa COCY,'I.bl nC ' lellll, Talll )!{e, 1914,
13, 23, 321 (6).
B eXT e p eBB. M., <1JII3110JIOrllH .l\DHraTeJlbllOii OUJlaCTH 1II03roBoii KOpbl,
Ka3allb, 1887.,
Be x T e p eBB. M., 311a'lelllle 3nllTeJIlJaJlbllblX ann<lpaTOB 'IYBcTDIITeJIb-
IIblX lIepBoB .llJIH Ka'leCTDelilioro pa3J111'1eIlHH Bocnplllllllllaelllbix oUJY-
UJeliHii, 0630p nCIIXlIaTpllH, 1896, cpeDpaJIb, CTp. 89.
Be x T e p eBB. M., npOBOJ\HllIHe nYTH CIIIIIIlIoro II rOJlOBliOrO 1II03ra,
CnB, 1896.
B eXT e p eBB. M. II M II C JI a B C K II ii H. A., 0 B.DIIHIIIIII M03rOBoii
KOpbl H uellTpa,DbllblX ou.DaCTeii M03ra lIa .l\aDJIelilie KpOBII II .l\eHTeJIb-
1I0CTb cep.l\ua, APXIIB nCllxllaTpllll, 1886; B KIJ.: H. A. MIICJIaBCKllii, lb-
6palilible npoll3Be,lIelillH, 1952, CTp. 95.
B e u B. A_, HeCKOJlbKO 3aMe'lallll" 0 III11KpOCKOIIII'IeCKOIII cTpoellHH lIa,lI-
nO'le'lllilKOD, YHliBepcIITeTcKHe 113BeCTlIH, KlleD, 1864,6, OT11. II, CTp. 48.
Blip 10 K 0 B .lI.. A., MaTepHaJIbl K Bonpocy 0 pcqJJIeKTCplloii pery.1HUl!ll
cep.l\e'llio-cocY)1I1CToii CIiCTelllbl, Bopollc)!{, 1946.
B JI 0 x M. B., K Bonpocy 06 apn'pilo-DeIl0311b1X aliaCTOIII03ax, APXIIB
naTOJIOrH'IeCKOii aliaTOMHH II naTOJlOrJI'leCKOii cpIl3110.10rtlll, 1941, 7, 63.
B JI Y III e II a y J1. B., M03r 'IeJIOBeKa, J1., 1925.
B 0 r.l\ a II 0 B A. B., K Bonpocy 0 cTpoeliHIl II POJlII lIa11nO'lC'IlIbIX )!{e..1e3,
XapLKoB, 1898.
B 0 r 0 III 0 JI e u A. A., K Bonpocy 0 IIII1KpOCIWIIII'IeCKOM CTpoellllli II CPII-
3HOJlOrH'IeCKOM 3l1a'lelllHI lIa11nO'le'lllbIX )!{e.De3 B 3.110pOBOIII H 60.1b1lOM
oprallH3111e, .lI.IICC., CnE, 1909.
B 0 H II 0- P 0)1 3 e B II 'I M. A., K Bonpocy 06 apTepHo-Bello3l1blX alla-
CTOM03ax II 06 aliaCTOll103ax lIIe>l\l1Y UOJILllIlI1II II lIIa.1bllll Kpyrolll KpOBo06-
paUJellHH, Yl3BecTIIH HaY'lllOro IIl1cTHTYTa IIl1lellli n. <1J. J1ccracpTa, 1925,
11, I, 125.
Bop II 1lI n 0 JI I, C K H ii X. Ill., OU H3MeliellHHX 'Iepenll01ll03roBoro KpOBO-
06paUJellllH B Te'lelille na.l\Y'IHX npllcTynoB, .lI.IICC., CnB, 1896.
Bop 0 B C K aHA. 51., OnblT H3Y'leIlIIH IIlIlIepDaUIIII KpoBellocllblX cocy-
J10B MeTo11olII .l\ereliepaUIiH nOCTrallrJIIIOllapllblx BOJIOKOII aBTollolIIlIOH
lIepDlloii CllcTelllbl, ApxIIB aliaTolIIlIH, rliCTOJIOrHH II 31116pIIOJlOrHH, 1935,
14, 37.
Bop UJ e B C K a H E. A., 0 q1H31IOJlOrH'IecKllx lIIeX;JIIII3I1WX )!{a)!{.l\bl, .lI.IICC.,
J1., 1945.
B P 10 COB a C. C. H K 0 p e ii 1lI a J1. A., MaTepilaJIbl K Bonpocy 0 cpH3HO-
JlOfllll KapOTH.l\IIOrO cHllyca y 'IeJIOBeKa. BTopaH ceCCIIH lIeiipoxllpyprH-
'IeCKOrO COBeTa, M., 1938, CTp. 129.
5 P 10 COB a C. C. H J1 e 6 e.l\ e II K 0 B. B., MaTepllaJIbl K Bonpocy 0 XOJle-
60JIeBbiX HMnYJIbCOB, COBeTCKaH XIIPYPrHH, 1929, 4, 25/26. 1508.
' 32
13 Y x l>\., KJIlIlIlI'IeCKoe I'CCJIe,/\OBalllle Bonpoca 0 nepmpepll'leCKIIX Ba30-
1II0TOpllblX ueliTpax 1I 0 cocy,/\opaCUlHplllOUlIIX lIepBax, 51. Petersb.
rued. Wschr., 1879, 12, 104 II 1879, 13, 115.
E Y H JI b C K II il H. B., KpaTKaH 06U1aH aliaTOMIiH TeJIa 'IeJIOBe'leCKOrO,
CnE, 1844.
E Y H JI I, C K H ii H. B., <1JoTorpaljJlIlJeCKIiC PIlCYIiKII BblTpaBJIelillblX ap-
TepHH H Bell nOlJeK lJeJIOBelJCCKHX, cn 0, 1863.
B hi K 0 B K. M., 1111TepopeLlenTopbl, 1941; B KII.: 1136pallllhle npOH3BeJle-
IIHH, 1953, T. I, CTp. 197.
E hi K 0 B K. M., Kopa rOJIOBIiOrO M03ra H BIIYTpelllllle oprallbl, M., 1947.
E hi K 0 B H. M., HliliepBaUHH aOpTaJIbliOH pe<pJleKCOrelilioH 30llbl Y 'IeJJOBe-
Ka, TpY,/\bI V BcecOI03l1oro Cbe3J1a aliaTOMOB, rHCTOJIOrOB H 3M6pHOJIOrOB,
1951, CTp. 126.
E bI C T P e II H II 11. H., 0 cocy,/\opaculHpHIOUlIIX BOJIOKliaX ceJlaJIHUlIiOrO
lIepBa, HeBpOJIOrHIJeCKllil BeCTIIIIK, 1904, 12, 3, 284.
E hi C T P e II II II II. H., nYTb cocy,/\opaculHpHTeJIbllblX BOJIOKOII ce,/\aJIHUI-
1I0ro lIepBa, TaM }Ke, 1905. 13. I, 1.
B a JI b T e p A. n., Beitrag zur Lehre von der Funktion der den cerebro.
spina1en Nerven bcigemischten sympathischen Faden, Arch. filr Anal.,
Phys. und wiss. Med., 1842, 5. 444.
B a JI I, T e p A. n., Ha6JIIO,/\eIlHH lIa,/\ COIJYBcTBelillblM lIepBolII, 3anHcKH
no lJaCTH Bpa 1 1e611blx lIaYK npll C.-neTep6yprcKoii Me,/\HKo-xHpyprH'IeCKOii
a Ka,/\eMH II, 1843, 3, 1.
B a .1 I, T e p A. fl., Kypc aliaTOMIUI lJe.10BelJeCKOrO TeJIa )\JIH Y'IaW.HxCH,
'I. II, KHeB, 1851.
B :1 C II JI ell K 0 <1J. .lI.., Pe4JJ1eKCbl C peuenTopOB Bell, B KII.: BonpOCbl
<pH3HOJIOrHIl HIiTepopeuenUIIII, 1952, 1, 445.
B e .1 H K H il B. H. II naB JI 0 B H. n., 0 LleliTpOCTpelllHTeJIbllhlX YCKO-
pHTeJIHX cep,'IUCUHeIiIlH, TpY,/\bl C.-neTep6yprcKoro 06w.eCTBa eCTeCTBO-
HcnblTaTeJleii, 1874, 5, 66.
B e p 3 II JI 0 B H. M., K BOIlPOCY 0 COCY,'J.O.llBllraTeJIbIiOM OTnpaBJIeliHII
3aJlIIIIX KopelUKOB cnlllllloro 1II03ra, Bpa'l, 1896, 28, 779 (a).
B e p 3 H JI 0 B H. M., K Bonpocy 0 COCY,'JO,/\BllraTeJIbIiOM OTnpaBJIeliHII
3a,/\IIHX KopelUKOB CIIIlHlIoro M03ra, CI1E, 1896 (6).
Be p 3 H JI 0 B H. M., Zur Frage liber die vasomotorische Funktion der
hinteren Wurzeln, Zbl. f. Physiol., 1896, 10 194 (B).
B e p 3 H JI 0 B H. 1\\., Ober die vasomotorische Funktion der hinteren
Wurzeln, Physiologiste russe, 1898, I, 3-7, 48(a).
B e p 3 H .q 0 D H. M., K YlJelililO 0 COCY,/\O,/\BlIraTeJIblloii CPYIIKUIIH 3a,/\IIHX
KOpClUKOB CIIIllIlIoro 1II03r3, .lI.IICC., M., 1898 (6).
B e IJ TOM 0 B A. .\., AliaTOlIlIIH ,/\06aBO'lllb1X opraliOB CHMnaTHlJeCKOrO
lIepBa, Ka3allb, 1909.
B H II II II K 0 B 51. A. II E e p JI H II E. A., npeBpaw.eHHH H npoJImpepa-
UlIH TeJleu <1J;lTep-rIa'lIlIlH B TKalieBblX Ky.1bTypax, .lI.ol{Jla,/\bI AKa,/\eMIIH
lIaYK CCCP, II. c., 1948, 70, 3, 549.
B 0 JI K 0 B a l1. H., 0 B3allMOOTliOlUellllll Me}K'/\y cHMnaTHlJeCKOii lIepBlioH
clicTelllOii II IW.1.n 0'1 elJ 11I1 KalllH, TpY,1bl Ka3allcKoro Me,'J.HUllIICKoro 1111-
cTIiTYTa, 194G, 2, 62.
B 0.1 K 0 B a O. B., 0 CTpoelillH, <PYIIKUHollaJlblioM 311aIJellllH H CHCTeMlIoii
npHlla,/\Jle}KIIOCTII IICpBllblX npH6lJpolJ H3blKa, .lI.HCC., M., 1954.
B 0 JI 1,1 II C K II ii <D. A., Zur Frage nach der Abhangigkeit des Baues
der Bifurkation der Carotis cOlIlmunis und des Sinus caroticus beim
1\\enschen von ihrer Funhtion, Anal. Anz., 1937, 83, 261.
Bop 06 beD a E. A., IhlllepBaUlIH apTCpHii nO,/\}KeJIy,/\olllloil }KeJIe3bl, .lI.IICC.,
M., 1951.
Bop 06 I, e B a E. A., 1I1IIIepBauliH apTepliH nOll}Ke.ly,/\o'llloii )K.'.1e3bl,
ApxlIlJ 311aTaMIIH, rllCTOJIOrHII II 31116p, 1I0.TJOfllll 1953, 30, 3, 48.
BOT P II II /\.. B., 06 HliliepBaulIH MeCTa ,/\eJIellHfl 06w.eil COP II ()il apTepli1l
H BIlYTpelllleii HpeMlioH BeHbl, .lI.IICC., M., 1950.
333
BOT pHil A. B., I1l1l1epDaUIiH COHlloii pe J.1eKcorelilloii 30111,1 H BIIYTpelilleii
Hpe IHofi Bellbl, D KII.: HepBliaH perY,IHUl1H KpOBooupalllellllH l1 .i\bI:..aIlHH,
I 52, CTp. 263.
B hi P 0 n a e B .lI.. H., 0 lIepBlIblx pery.1HTopllblX annapaTax cep,/\ua II II:..
l13MelleHIIHX npll TyuepKy,1e3e, ApxlIlJ UII0.10rIllJeCKl1X lIaYK, 1940,
57, I, 35, c5. «MOpqJO,10rHH lIYBcTBllTe. bHaii l1HllepBaUIIII BIIYTpellllHX
opralloB», 1948, CTp. 70.
r e 6 e p r A., Ober direkte Anastumosen zwischen Arterien und VeneD
in der Nierenkapsel, Intern. Monatsschr. f. AnaL u. Physio1., 1885.
2, 223.
r e ii M a II 0 B l1 lJ A. H. H 4 II 6 Y K M a x e p H. D., HeKoTopble UOJIe-
Bble ll>elloMellhl KapoTII,/\lIoro cliHyca, TonorpmlJIIH KapoHI,/\lIoro CII-
lIyca, ganglion intercaroticum II IIX CBH311 C TpoiilllllJllhlM lIepBoM.
BTopaH ceCCIiH lIeiipoxllpyprlllJeCKOrO CODeTa, M., 1938, CTp. 121.
r II II e u II II C K II ii A. r., KpOBo06palllelille. OCIiOBbl tPII3110JIOrIIlI lJeJIO-
BeKa, 1947.
f 0 tI. II II 0 IJ B. M., 0 lJYBcTDIITeJlbHblx lIeplJHblX OKOlIlJallllHX B III1THMe
Bell, DIO.1J1eTelib 3KcnepllMeliTaJIbllOii 6110,10rllll II Me,/\lIuHllbl, 1947,
23, 2, 141 (6).
f 0,/\ II II 0 D B. M., K acpcjJepellTlloii IIIl11epDaUlI1I Bell BOpOTlIoii CHCTeMbl,
Te311Cbl ,/\OKJla.ll0B neplJOlj lIaYlJlloii cecclIlI I1I1CnITYTa 1I0pMaJIbllOii
II naTOJIOrlllJeCKOii aliaTOMlI1I AMH CCCP, 1947 (B).
r 0 ,/\ II II 0 B B. M., 0 peuenTopliOM annapaTe 6pbllKeelJllblX apTepHii KOW-
KII. TpY,/\bl Boelilio-MopcKoii Me.llllUlIlICKOii a Ka,/\eMIi II, 1948, II, 40 (a).
r 0.1111 II 0 B B. M., HepDbI 1I peuenTopliblii annapaT Bell 1J0pOTIIoii CIICTeMbl,
.lI.l1CC., J1., 1948 (u).
r 0,/\ II HOB B. M., K MOpl!JOJIOrlill peuenTopHoro annapaTa Bell BOPOT-
IIOH Cl1CTeMhI lJeJIOBeKa, BonpoCbl MOplIJoJIOrl1I1, 1949. CTp. 34.
f 0,/\ II II 0 B B. M., 0 peuenToplioM allnapaTe lIeKoTopblX BIIYTpellllllx op-
raliOB (no,/\}/(eJIY,/\OlJllaH }/(e le3a, .1I11\HIJiJTlIlJeCKlIe Y3Jlbl), TpY,/\bl lIaYlJlloii
CeCCIIl1 Boelilio-MopCKOii Me,/\l1UI1I1CKUII aKa.lleMllII, nocBHllIelilloii 70-JIe-
TIIKJ CO llHH pmK,/\elll1H 11. B. CTa':lJIlla, J1., 1950, CTp. 121.
f 0.11 II II 0 B B. M., 0 HepBax nelJeHII II }/(eJIlJHhIX nYTeii Y lJeJIOBeKa, APXIIB
aHaTOMIIII, rIICTO,10rllll l1 3M6pllOJIOrIHf, 1952, 29, 3, 40.
r 0 JI 0 B II II C K l1 ii 11., Beitrag zur Kenntnis vom feineren Bau der
Blutgefasse der ausseren mannlichen und weiblichen Genitalien,
Anal. Hefte, Abt. I, 1905, 30, 92.
r 0 ,1 Y 6 .lI.. M., Pa3BI1TlIe lIa.llnOlJelJllblX }/(eJle3 l1 HX I1l1l1epBaUIIH Y lJeJIOBeKa
II lIeKoTopblX }/(II, BOTllblX MIIHCK, 1936.
r 0 JI Y U .lI.. M., Pa3BIITlie l1I1HepBalllll1 COCY,/\OD BepxlIeii KOllelJIIOCTII,
B c6. «Bonpocbl MOp 10JlOrIlI\ lleplHl>eplllJeCKOii lIepBlloii CIiCTeMbl»,
1949, CTp. 135 (a).
r 0 JI Y 6 .lI.. M., HeKoTopblC nUnpUl"bl BiJplla511.1bHOCTIl nepl1cpeplllJeCKOii
lIepBlloii CI1CTeMbl, B cu. «MiJTepl1iJ;11,1 HOHUpbCKOii ceCCl111 AKa,/\eMIIII
lIaYK 6CCP", Mil liCK, 194 (5).
f 0 JI Y 6 .lI.. M., 113MellellllH cTpoellllH l"lIl1ll1aTlIlJeCKOii l1I1HepBaUIIII B nepllO.II
ee pa3B1ITIIH, TpYJ\h1 V BCel"UIU3IIUro C"be311a allaTOIIIOB, rIlCTO,10rOB II
3M6plIo lOroB, 1951, CTp. 145.
r 0 JI Y 6 e B A., MaTepllaJlbl ,'\.1H aHaTOMlIlI, 41113110.10rlill II IICTOplIli pa3BII-
HIH BOJIOCHblX U1CY,'\OB, .lI.IICC., Cn6. 1868.
r 0 JI Y U e IJ A., Beitrage ZUf Kenntnis des Baues IInd der Entwicklungsge-
schichte dcr Kapillargefasse ues Frosl"hes, Arl"h. f. micr. Anal.,
1869, 5, 49.
f 0 JI Y 6 e IJ B. 3., Ober die Blutgefassc in def Niere der Saugetiere
und des Mcnschen. Intem. Manatssl"hr. f. AnaL u. Physi o 1., 1893, 10,
541.
fOil H e B K., Die Nerven ues Nahrungsschlauches, Arch. f. micr. Anal.,
1875, 11, 479.
fop .II e e B a J1. H., I1HHepBaUIiH HII}/(llcii lIa.lllJpeDlI0i! apTepllll, .lI.IICC.,
M., 1952.
334
f P a lJ C B a M. C., LlYBl"TlI/lTC:lbH3H III1/1epB</I_I/lH Oe,'lpeHHdi apTepHH
XHPYPrHH, 1951, 5, 19 (a).
f p a lJ e B a M. C., CII maT/I'II'CKafl IIl1l1epBaUIiH ropTallll, BecTIIHK OTO-
pHIl0-.1aplilirOJIorJlI!, 1951, 3, 37 (6).
f p a 'I e B a M. C., I1l1l1eplJaUIiH ropTiHlH, .lI./lcc., M., 1953.
f P II r 0 p L e BaT. A., Histologische Untersuchungen ilber dic Innerva-
tion der Hirngefas e, Zschr. f. micr.- anal. Forsch., 1932, 28, 418.
f p II r 0 p I, e BaT. A., PcuenTopbl aopTbl, B c6. {(MOp<p0.10rHH 'IYBCTDH-
Te.1bllOll HliliepHaUIiH DIIYTpellllllx opralloB», 1948, CTp. 84.
. f pur 0 p L e BaT. A., 0 'IYDcTBIlTeJlbllOii IIl1l1epBaUIiH DIIYTpellllHx opra-
IIOB, YcneXH COBpellleHllOli 6110.10rHII, 1949, 28, 4, 134 (a).
f p H r 0 p I, e BaT. A.. HlIllepBiJUIiH KpOBeHOCHblX COCY,/\OB, Te3HCbl .1\0-
KJIa.l\OB V BcecOIo3110ro C"be3,/\a allaTOMOB, rIlCTl).10rOB H 3M6pHOJIOrOB,
1949, CTp. 218 (0).
f P H r 0 p I, e BaT. A.. I1l1llepBaUllolilibie OTHOlUeHHH B 06JIaCTH KamlJI-
JIHpHOrO Pyc. a. Y'lellble 3allllCKli II MOCKoBcKoro rocYJlapcTBeliHoro.
MC,u,HUHIICKoro HIICTlITYTa IIMCIlIi 11. B. CTaJIHlla, T. 2., 1951, CTp.
179 la).
f p H r 0 p b e BaT. A., HHllepBaUHH KpOBCIIOCllblX COCY,/\OB, TpY,/\bI
\' C"be3,/\a allaTOllluB, rHCTl>:!UrOB H 31110pHOJIOrOB, 1951, CTp. 549 (6).
f p H r 0 p I, e BaT. /\.., 0 Ilpll'llIHe Tpo<j>H'IeCKIIX pacCTpoiicTB B JIHlUell-
HblX 'IYBCTBIITe.1LHOCTII Y ' laCTKax opralll13Ma, .lI.oKJIa,/\bl AKa,/\eMHH lIaYK
CCCP, II. c., 1951, 78, 2, 387 (D).
"" f p H r 0 p I, e BaT. A., 1111HepBaUHH KpoBellocllblX COCY,/\OB, .lI.HCC.,
M., 1952.
f Y K 0 B O. B., I1HllepDaulIH HapY)j{1(oii 'Ie.1KJCTIIOii apTepHH, APXHB aliaTO-
MHII, rHCTOJlOrJlI! H 3MOpIlO.l0rJIII, 1939, 20, 142.
J1. a B 1,1,/\ 0 B 11. H., PelJ.erITOpliaH PO,1b COCYJjOB IIIDKIIUX KOllelJlIOCTeH
JlHrYlUKH, <1J1I3110.TJOrU'IeCKIIII }Kyplla.1 CCCP, 1940, 28, 524.
.lI. a II H .1 e B C K II ii B. 51., I1ccJIeJjoBallHH no q,u311OJlorHll rOJIOBIiOrO M03r",
Coo6U\eHIIH Me,/\lIUIIIICKOii ceKUlIll OoU\eCTBa onblTllblX lIaYK XapbKOB-
CKoro YHlt, BepClITeTa 1874.
Ll a H H .TJ 0 B H. B., PC<!1,1eKcbl C Bell, .l\a.1CKu pacnUJIO}KelillblX OT cep.l\ua,
H H3111eHeliHe cep,/\C'IIlO-COCY.I\HCTbIX pe<!>JIeKCOB C Bell H KapOTH,/\lIoii
30llbl npH BblCOKOii TClllnepaType OKpY}KalOU\eii cpeJlbl, .lI.HCC., TalU-
KeHT, 1941.
J1. e Jj JO JI II II 51. A.. COCYllo,/\BllraTeJlblible annapaTbI Y JIHrYlUKH H KpOJIHKa,
Me.l\HUHIICKHii BCCTIlHK, 1865, 30, 277 (a).
.lI. e,/\ K>.1 H II 51. A., BJlIIHIIHe nepepe3KH npo,/\OJIrOBaTOro H cnHlllloro
1II03ra JIHrYlUKIl lIa apTepHH KOlle'lHOCTeii, TaM >Ke, 1865, 10, 90 (6).
.lI. e Jj KJ .1 II II 5i. A., K <!nI3Ho:lOrHH cOCy,/\oJjBHraTCJIbllbIX lIepBoB, .lI.HCC.,
C05, 1868.
.lI. e II II cell K 0 M. M., 0 pOJlH BcrcTaTIIBlloi'1 H 3a,/\lIeKopelUKoBoH Hlillep-
BaUlI1I B pe(!lJIeKTOpllbIX npoueccax, B JjeHTeJIbliOCTlI MbllUlJ. H BHYTpell-
IIIIX opralIoB, TpY.I\bl VI I C"bC3,'\a <p1I31f0JlOrOD, 6HOXIIMHKOB H <papMaKo-
JlorolJ, 1947, CTp. 291.
.lI. 3 e,/\ 3 KJ .'1 I, K., MaTCpHaJIbi K Bonpocy 0 cocy,/\opaClUHpHIOU\HX IIcpBax,
.lI.IICC., CIl6, 1880.
.lI. 3 e p >K II II C K II ii B., Pa3BIITHe Ha,/\nO'le'lllblX >KeJIe3, j],HCC., M., 1910.
.lI. H 3,'l e p e B n., K BOIlPOCY 0 rlIl"TOJlOrll'leCKOM CTpoellHH lIallnO'lelJlIHKOB
,'lOMaWIIIt:\ >KIIBOTllbIX, .lI.IICC., IOpbeB, 1909.
.lI. 0 6 1,1 'I II H 5. .lI.., COCYJjHcTble lleplJbI IIII>KIIHX KOlle'lliOCTeii H TeXHHKa
onepaUHII J1cpllwa, .lI.Hl"C., J1., 1938.
.lI. 0 B r H .1 :1 0 H. .lI... K BOnpOl"Y 06 1IIIHepBaUHH KpOBellOCllblX COCYJjOB
fiPK'WHOii I10JIOCTlI, TpYJjbl I Bl"eYKpalIHcKoro C"be3Jja xlIpyproB, 1926 (a).
.lI. 0 B r H .1 :1 0 H. .lI.., /I\aterialen zur Frage der Gefassinncrvation, Anal.
Anz., 1926, 61, 4GG (0).
.lI. 0 B r H Jl :1 0 II. .lI.., Zur Frage ilLer die Wechselbeziehungen zwischen
dcm suLperitunealen Geflecht unu uem P3raganglion aLdominale,
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335
.J. 0 B r H ,1 JI 0 H. LL., Beitrage zur Lehre von der Innervation des periphe-
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LL 0 r e.1 I, A. C., Die Nervenendigungen in den Nebennieren der Sauge-
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LL 0 r e JI I, A. c., Zur Frage uber die Ganglien der Darmgeflechte bel
den Saugetieren, Anal. Anz., 1895, 10, 517 (a).
Ll 0 r e JI I, A. C., OKOII'13IlHH IICpBOB B CJIe3110ii meJIe3e, TpY,/\bI TOMcKoro
06mecTBa eCTeCTBOHcnblTaTeJIeii Ii DpalJcii, 1895 (6).
LL 0 r e JI I, A. C.. Zwei Arten sympathischen N ervenzellen, Anal. Anz.,
1896, I I, 679.
Ll 0 r e JI I, A. C., OKOlIlJallHH 1lYBCTBHTeJIbllbiX lIepBOB B cep,/\ue H KpOBeIlOC-
IIblX cocY,/\ax MJIeKOnHTalomIlX, TpY,/\bI OumecTBa PYCCKHX BpalJeH B
C.-neTep6ypre, 1897, 64, 4G6 (a); 0603peliHe nCHxHaTpIiH, 1897,
8, 577 (6).
Ll 0 r e JI I, A. c., CTpoeliHe cnHllllOM03rOBbiX Y3JIOD H KJIeTOK MJIeKOnHTalO-
mHX, 3anHcKH AKa,/\eMIiH IWYK, cepHH 8, tjJH3I1Ko-MaTeMaTHlJeCKOe OT,/\e-
JIellHe, 1897, 5, 4, I (B).
LL 0 r e JI I, A. c., Die sensiblen Nervenendigungen im Herzen und
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LL 0 r e JI I, A. C., Zur Frage ubcr den fcineren Bau der Herzganglien des
Menschen und der Saugetiere, Arch. f. micr. Anal., 1899, 53, 237.
LL 0 r e JI I, 11. M., TelJeliHe KpOBH B cucy;,ax IIlImlicii KOllelJIIOCTH, TpY,/\bI
I C'be3J1a PYCCKHX eCTeCTBOHCllblTaTeJIeii H BpalJeii, 1869.
Ll 0 r e JI I, 11. M., Ober den Einfluss des n. ischiadicus und n. cruralis
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Ll 0 r e JI b VI. M., CpaBHHTeJIbllaH a II a T01.1HH, CIJ!I3IJOJIOrlIH H 4)apMaKOJIO-
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11. 0 r e JI I, VI. M. HIlly MOB C K 0 ii B., BJIHHlllle CeJlaJIllmliOrO lIepBa
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ra3eTa, 1868, N2 28, 251.
11. 0 JI r 0 - C a 6 y p 0 B 5. A., HHllepBaUHH KpoDelloclibIX COCYllOB, Ap-
XHB aliaTOMHH, rHCTO.10rHH H 3M6pllOJIOfllH, 1936, 15, 118 (a).
J. 0 JI r 0 -C a 6 y p 0 B 5. A., Les ganglions nerveux sur Ie cours des
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.J. 0 JI r 0- C a 6 y p 0 B 5. A., K YlJCHlIlO 0 CTpOClIlIH 6JIY)j{,/\<Homero lIepBa.
C006meliHe I, C60pHIIK TpYllOB, 1l0CBHmCllllhlii 40-;!CTHIO ,'J.eHTe.'lbIlO-
CTH npocp. B. H. TOIiKoBa, 1937, CTp. 246 (a).
LL 0 ;1 r 0 - C a 6 Y P 0 B 5. A., K YlJeHlllO 0 CTpOCIIHH CHCTeMbl 6JIymllalO-
mero lIepDa. Co06meHHe I I, ApxlIlJ aliaTOMIIH, rHCTOJIOrlll1 II 3 !UPllO-
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Ll 0 JI r 0- C a 6 Y P 0 B 5. A., K YlJelilIIO 0 CTpoellllH o.TJym.'J,alOmero
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LL 0 JI r 0- C a 6 Y P 0 B D. A.. PC.'J,aKTopcKoe npC.'J,HC.10Blle K KIIHre
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.L1. 0 JI r 0- C a 6 Y P 0 B 6. A.. 0 pCI\enTOpax B CTeHK<lX Dell, TpY,'\bl
rHCTOJIOflllJeCKOii KOllfjJC[WIiUIIII. 1947, CTp. 109.
LL 0 JI r 0- C a 6 Y P 0 B 5. A., 3JICMCIITbl BCIiOMOTOpHOil lIHIICpDaUHH,
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LL 0 JI r 0 - C a 6 Y P 0 B 5. A., K YlJClIlIlO 0 pe4JJIeKCOrellHblx 30llax B Be-
1I03110H CHCTeMe, 510JIJleTelib 3KcnepHMCIITaJIbllOii 6HOJIOrllll II r.lCJlIIUlillbI,
1948, I, 39 (6).
.L1. 0 JI r 0 -C a 6 Y P 0 B 5. A., HepBb! Bell. Te311CbI ,'\OKJIa,/\oB l-ii YKpaHII-
CKOH KOllcpepellUHH allaTOMOlJ, rllCTO,10rOD II 3:\!UpHOJIOrOB naMSlTH
B. n. Bopo6beBa, 1948. CTp. 8 (B).
11. 0 JI r 0 - C a U Y P 0 B 5. A., 06 <I,!>c!JepeHTHoii 1I1111epDaUII1I Bell, Bonpo-
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LL 0 JI r 0- C au Y p 0 B 5. A., 0 DeuenTopax B CTeliKax Bell, TpYAbi AK;]-
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336
.J. II .1 r o-C a 0 Y P 0 B D. A., IleplJllblii allllapaT pcljJJleKcorclilloii 301lb[
1l0JlbIX Bell, rpYJlbl BOCHIIO-lIlOpCKOfi MC,/\IIUIIIlCKOH aKa,/\eMIIII, 1949,
17, 147 (IJ).
.J 0 .1 r o-C a 6 Y pOD O. A., HCKoTopble 3at/,alJlI cOBpelllelilloii MOpt}>OJIO-
rllII at}>cpepclITJlOii IIlIllepBaUIIII, APXIIB aliaTOllllllI, rllCTOJIOnlH H 3MOpHO-
.wnm, 1952, 29, 4, 8 (a).
.J 0 .1 r 0 - C a 6 Y P 0 B D. A., PeuenTopllblC annapaTbI KpoBelloclloii
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.J 0 pOll II II a 1'. B., llllllCpBal\IIH COCY.II0B KIiCTlI, B co. «BonpocbI 1II0pcpO-
:lOrlIli ncplH eplllJCCKOii IlCpDIIOII CIiCTelllbl», 1949, CTp. 189.
.J 0 C Toe B C K II ii A., 1\\aTl plIa.1bl ,/\.1H MllKpOCKOlllllJeCKOfi aliaTOMIIII
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.J 0 C Toe B C K II ii A.. Ein BcHrag zur microscopischen Anatomie der
:\ebennieren bci Saugeticren, Arch. f. micr. Anal., 1886, 27, 272.
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E r 0 p 0 B 11. E., Zur Lehrc der I nncrvation der Blutgefasse, Arch. f.
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E r 0 po B 11. E., Zur Fragc dcr Innervation der Gefasse, Neurol.
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E r 0 p 0 B 11. E., K Bonpocy 00 II1I1IepBaU11H COCY,/\OB, HeBpOJIOrHlJecKllii
BecTIIHK, 1893, I, I, 13 (0).
E r 0 p 0 B II. E., K Y'!CIlIiIO 06 lllllIcpBaulI1i COCY,'JOB, Ta:\1 }Ke, 1893, 1, I,
147 (B).
E .1 e U K H II A. I I., ,\lIaTOIllIIH IIl1llCpBaUlI1I cocY,/\OIJ IIIDKllliX KOlle'!lIocTeii
D CBH3H C COBpeMe1i1lb11l1l! TClJClIlIHMH B xllpyprlllI, YlJelible 3anHCKli Ca-
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:'''- Y p a B C K a H H. A., 0 J1BllraTe.1hllbiX BOJIOKliaX 3a,/\IIIIX KopewKoB
II 0 CllCTCMe ,/\BllraTe.1bllbiX BOJIOKOII .Ja,/\lIllX KopewKoB B 31116pHorellC3e,
Te311cbI ,/\OKJIa.llOB I-ii YKpalIllcKoii KOllcpepelluliH aliaTOMOB, rHCTOJIO-
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J .J 0 Y COB H. n., Zur Frage nach dcr Innervation des Schlundkopfes
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3-4, 207.
jaB a p 3 HilA. A., 0 IIlOpcpOJIOnIlJCCKOIII 311alJeliHII aDTolioMIiOH lIepBlioH
clicTeMbI, APXIIB 6110.10nIlJecKllx lIaYK, 1937, 45, 2, 17.
3 a B a p 3 II II A. A., OlJCpKII no 3BOJIIOUlI01I1I0H rlICTOJIOrlill lIepslloH CH-
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3 a B a p 3 II II .'\. ,\., OlJep KH 3BOJIlOlUIOlilfOii rliCTOJIOrJIlI KpOBH H coe,/\II-
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3 a il ,/\ e II 6 e p r M. .lI.., Mop<POJIOrHH H QJYIIKu1i01la.1blloe 31lalJeliliC BIIYTPll-
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.1 a .1 K a II .lI.. M., nOrpalllllJllblii CliMllaTHlJeCKIIH CTDOJI KaK nYTb ,/\JIH '!YB-
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J a JI K II 11.11 M. M., 0 XpOMa( ( llllllbIX DK.110lJeIlIlHX B CliMnaTlllJCCKliX
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B. H. TOIlKoDa, 1937, CTp. 283.
3 a .1 K H 11,/\ M. M., HCpBbl DepXlleii nOJIoii Bellbl, TPY,'Ibl V BceCOI03110rO
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3 e M 11. 0 B r. M., HliliepBalJ,UH Bell BepXIIHX KOllelJIIOCTeii, .lI.uCC., M., 1944.
3 p a }K e B C K a H 10. A., PeaKuliH }KeJIe3HCTOro 3nllTeJIHH lIa ero J].ellep-
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3 10 3 1\ II 11. K., 0 cpYIIKLl.uOlla.1blloH lIe,/\OCTaTOlJIIOCTH BIIYTpellllllX opraliOB
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22 1. A. rpHropbcn3
337
11 B a II 0 B A. 1'1., Pel!1JIeKCbl C IIHTepopeUCIlTopvB nHll\eBOll;. H }Ke.TJYllKa,
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11 B a II 0 B B. B., 0 lIeplJllblX OKOH'HIIIIIHX B coeIlIIIIIITe1bllOTKaHhbiX 060JIO'l-
Kax Y MJIeKOnHTalOU\HX, LlIICC., Ka3aHh, 1893.
.11 B a II 0 B r. <D., XpoMa<p4J11l1l1aH II HllTeppCIWJIOBaH CHCTeMbI 'leJlODeKa,
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H B a HOB r. <D., HepDbl H opraHbI '1YBCTB cep,/\e'lllc-COCYJlIICTOii CIICTe lbl,
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H B a II 0 B r. <D., K Mop<jJOJIOrHH II KJIaCclH!lIlKilUIiH lIeKoTopblX <!10pM III1Te-
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1949, CTp. 13S.
H B a II 0 B r. <D., BblcTynJIe:JHc B npellIIHx no ,/\oKJIaJ\Y A. A. CMllplioBa,
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VI B a II 0 B VI. <D., 0 peuenTopllblX 3JIeMeliTax BereTaTIIDlloii lIepBlloll CHCTe-
Mbl, TpY,lIbl TaTapcKoro lIaY ' ll1o-IICCJIeJ\oBilTeJIhCKOrO III1l"TIiTYTa TI: ope-
TH'ICCKOil II KJIHIIII'Iel"KOil MeJ\IIUltllbl, 1937, 4, 262.
VI B a II 0 B VI. </>. II P a ,/\ 0 C T H II a T. H., HeKoTopblC ,'\ilHHble K BonpoC)
06 HliliepBaUlIH 1. muscularis nHll\eBaJ\a, TaM >Ke, 1935, 2, 72 (a).
VI B a II 0 B VI. <D. 11 P a II 0 C T II II a 1'. H., K Bonpocy 0 CIIMnilTII'ICCKOH
HliliepDamIH TOIiKoro OTlleJIa KHWC'IIIIIKa, TaM >Ke, 1935, 2, 97 (6).
YI B a II 0 BaT. C., 4YlJCTBHTeJILllilH IIIIIICpB3I\IIH TOIIKIIX KIIWOK, B KII.:
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H JI I, II H a B. H., 3KcnepIIMeIiTaJIbHO-rIlCTOJIOrH'ICCKOe IICCJle,'1.0BilIIIIC 1111-
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IIOMIIOH lIepBlioH CHCTeMbl», 1939, CTp. 109.
VI JI I, H II a B. 11., CHMnaTH'IeCKaH IIlIlIcpBaUIIH >KeJI, Y,/\KiI TaM >Ke. 2-e 113.1..,
1946, CTp. 194.
1-1 JI I, H II a B. VI., 4YBcTBHTeJlbliaH II1111epBauHH M03raBoro BCIueCTBiI lIat/.-
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111IX opralloB», 1948, CTp. 135.
VI JI I, H H C K H H C. n., K Bonpocy 06 ;JpTepHO-BeIl0311h1X aliaCT01.103aX
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VI C TaM a II 0 BaT. C., DaTOJIOrH'ICCKaH rJICTOJIOrHH IICpBlibIX 3JIeMeilTOB
CTeliKH KpOBCIIOCllblX COCY,/\OB npH IICKOTOpblX IIl1cpeKUIIHx, APXIIB 6HO-
JlOrH'IeCKHX lIaYK, 1940, 60, 10, 99.
Kay <p M a II n. 10., Zur Lehre von den Lcntripctalen Nerven dcr BIutge-
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K a U\ e II K 0 H., Oas Schicksal der embryonalen Schlundspaiten bei S5u-
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K e,/\ p 0 B A. A. H Hay III e II K 0 A. H.,O lIeKoTopblX oc06ellllocTHX pc-
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CCCP, 1951, 37, 4, 431.
K e K '! e e B K. X., I'IIITepopcuenUHH II nponpllOpel\enUIIH II IIX 3l1a'lelille
,/\JIH KJIHIIIIKH, M., 1946.
K H 6 H K 0 B A. B., K Bonpocy 0 CocYllopacWllplITeJIHX, TpYJlbl III Bce-
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K II 6 H K 0 B A. B., K Bonpocy 0 MeXilIIH3Me cocy,,\opacwllpeHlIH npll pa3-
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K 1\ 6 H K 0 B A. B., Uber humoralc Obertragung der Errcgung von eincm
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K H 6 H K 0 B A. B., CHMnaTH'IeCKaH lIepBliaH CIIl"TCI'la II HaJ\1l0'le'!IIHKII,
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K H 6 H K 0 B A. B., CHlllnaTlI'leCKaH HcpBlIaH CIiCTeMali xpoMml)(pllllllaH
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K II 6 H K 0 B A. B. H T Y X BaT y JI JI II II a J1. B., 0 B3a"MOOTHowellllll
Me}KJ\Y xpollla<pcpHlllloil TKaliblO H CHMnaTlI'leCKOH HlillepB3I\Heil ccp,'\ua
JIHrywKH, o IOJIJleTeli I, 3KcnepHIIICHTaJIbliOil 6HOJIOrllH H Me,,\ II UII II 1,1,
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338
K JI a,/\ Hell K 0 D.. n.,rIlCTo.10rll'leCKlie IICC.'le,/\OBaIlIlH pe .qeKCOreHlloA
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KOlilpepellUHH aliaTOMOB. rHCTOJIOrOB H 3111Up1W,10rOB naMfITH B. n. Bo-
p06beBa, 1948.
K JI 0 COB C K H ii D. H., Pa3BIITilc KanH,1JIflpOB M03ra, M., 1949.
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K 0 B a JI e B C K II ii H. 0.. AnaToMo-lpIl3110JIOrll'leCKOe IIcc.1e,/\OBalilie ceJIe-
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Ka3allb, 1895.
K 0 B a JI e B C K II ii 1-1. 0., 0 KpoBeHocllOii CHCTellle ne ' lellll. npOTOKOJIbI
V CLe3JIa PYCCKIIX eCTecTBoIICllblTaT£'JIeii II Bpa'lcii, 1876, 1\ KII.: TpY,/\bI
npoll'. H. O. KOBaJIeBCKOro 1860 - 1890, Ka3allb, 1895, pa3,/\eJI
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K 0 B a ,1 e II C K II ii H. 0., 0 KpOBeliOClIoii CIlCTellle C.1101I1IbIX JKeJIe3, 1885 (a),
B KII.: TpY,/\bl npo<jJ. H. O. KOBa.1eBCKoro 1860 - 1890, Ka3allb,
1895, pa3,/\eJI X, CTp. l.
K 0 B a JI e B C K II ii 1-1. 0., lIa6J11o,'J.eHII fI lIa,/\ KpOBo06pameliHeM B lIeKOTO-
pblX OT.lIeJIaX KOJKII, 1885 (6), B KII.: TpY,'J.bl npOlp. H. O. KOBaJIeBCKOro
1860-- 1890. K,l3allh, 1895, pa3.1\eJl XII, CTp. 49.
K 0 JK II II J1., 3KCnepIlMl'HTaJlbIiOe IICCJIe,/\OBalllle no Bonpocy 06 H3MeHellHflX
,/\eHTl'.1bIlOCTH npaBoro JKC.1y,/\01IKa npH lIapYlllellllfix JIerO'llioro KpOBO-
06palJ\ellll fI, 11.HCC., M., 1905.
K 03,1 0 IJ C K H ii 11. 11.. K Donpocy 0 lIepBax nHmeBo,/\a Y IllJIeKOnHTalOlUHX
JKHBOTllbIX, 11.IICC., CIII>, 1900.
K 0 .1 6 a C l' II K 0 II. c., CTpO£'IIIIl' II pa3BIITIle lIa,/\nO'le'lllbIX JKeJIe3, .!IIICC.,
KlleB, 1884.
K 0 JI e C II II K 0 B 11. B., IllIHepnaUllfi apTl:pHii CTonbl, ApxHB aliaTOlIlHH,
rIICTO.qOrllll II :m6pno.qorllll, 1939, 20, 13l.
K 0.10 COB 1-1. r., Zur Frage der Innervation der Nebennieren, Zschr. f.
micr.-anaL Forsch., 193U, 20, 107.
K 0 JI 0 COB H. r., PeucnTopbl BIIYTpellllllX opraliOB II cep,'Je'llio-COCY,/\HCTOii
CHCTelllbJ, BonpOCbl 1II0pll'OJlOrllll, 1953, 2, 117 (a).
K 0.1 0 COD H. r., Mopll>OJlOrilfi pel\enTOpOB BIIYTpellllHX oprallOB, B KII.:
Bonpocbl MOpll'OJIOrlill pel\enTOpOB BIIYTpellllllX opraliOB H cep,/\e'lHO-
COCYJ\IICToii CIICTl'Mbl, 1953, CTp. 241 (6),
K 0 .1 0 COB H. r. II 11 0.'1 II K a p no Bar. A., 0 lIeKOTopblX a<jJ<jJepeIlTlibIX
BOJIOKliaX B 3a.l\IIIIX KopeWKax, TpY.I\bl TaTapCKoro lIaY'IHO-HCCJIe,/\OBa-
TeJIbCKOrO IIIICTIITYTa TeOpeTlI'leChOii H KJIHIIH'IeCKOii Me,/\HlI.HllbI, 1935,
2, 12 (a).
K 0 .1 0 C II H. r. II 11 0 JI H K a p n 0 Bar. A., 3KcnepHMeIiTaJIbHo'MOp-
q10.1orll'lecKoe Hcc.1e.1.0BanHt aBTOIIOlIIlIOii HlillepBaUHH npfiMoH KHIllKH,
TaM >Ke, 1935, 2, 119 (u).
K 0 :1 n a K 0 B E. B.. 0 pcaKUIIII MaYTllepa H nliKa B !:BeTe cpaBIIHTeJIbliOH
naTO:lOrllII. COOOlllelllll' I H 2, MeJUlUlIlICKHH >KypllaJI AKa,/\eMHH lIaYK
'CCP, 1940, 9. 4. I: 23 (a) H 1940. 10, 3. 835 (6).
1\" 0.1 n a K 0 B E. B., CpaBlIlITeJIbliOe IICCJIe,/\OBaIiHe Mblllle'lllblX IllJII030B
ne ' leIlO ' ll1bl:\ Bell, !l\P,'J.i 1 11111 JKyplla.q (YKp.), 1949, 19, 2, 14.
K 0 II a III K 0 P. H., Ober Anastomosen zwisch£'n der a. pu1monalis und
den aa. bronchialcs. Zschr. f. Anal. u. Entwicklungsgesch., 1926,78. 136.
K 0 II .lI P 11 T I, e B 1-1. c., Over akLessorische Nervengebilde in der Brust-
huhlc beim Menschen, Anal. A ilL. , 1926, 61, 69 (a).
K 0 II ,/\ paT I, e B H. c., Eine neue Methode der electiven makroskopi-
schen Furbung des Nervensystems, Zscnr. fur Anal. und Entwick1ungs-
gesch., 1926,78,669 (6).
K 0 II P a )J, II r. n.. 0 nepllq 1 epll'lecKHx IIIcxall1l3Max nOMepJKallllH COCY)J,H-
CToro TOllyca, TpY,/\bl VII C"be3J1a !f1H3Ho.10roB, 6110XHMHKOB H <jJapMaKo-
:lOrOIl, ] !J47, np. 528.
22*
339
K 0 p e H ill a J1. A., 0 B3allMOOTHOillelillflX KOphl, nO,/\KopKOBbIX Y3JIOB II rll-
nOTaJIaMH'IeCKOH 06JIaCTH B perYJlflUlI1I !jJYIIKUIIH cepn.e'llio-COCY,/\IICTOH
CIiCTelllbl 'Ie. OBeKa, B KII.: HepBliafl perYJIHUHfI KpoBo06paUlellllH II
,/\blxaIlHfI, 1952, CTp. 137.
K 0 p 0 JI I, K 0 B n. 51., Uber die Nervenendigungen in der Leber, Anal.
Anz., 1893, 8, 751.
K 0 P bl T II hI H E. 51., HllllepBaUHfI nHUleBo,/\a, lI.HCC., M., 1951.
K 0 C T P 0 MOB H. A., KJIanallbl B TOIIKHX Bellax, ApxHB naTOJlOrHlI, 1949,
11, 4, 83.
K 0 !jJ M a II B. c., Zur Innervation des Paraganglion aorticum abdominale
bei einigen Siiugetieren, Zschr. f. Anal., 1935, 105, 3, 305.
K 0 !jJ M a II B. c., Die Innervationsstruktur des Paraganglion aorticum
abdominale, Anal. Anz., 1937, 84, 120.
K 0!jJ M a II B. c., K HliliepBaUIIH paraganglion aorticum abdominale Y lIe-
KOTOpblX MJIeKOnIlTaIOUlIIX, B KII.: Mop oJIorHfI BereTaTIlBIiOH lIepBlioH
CHCTeMbl B KJIaCCaX II rpynnax xpe6ToBblX, 1940, CTp. 175.
K 0 ill T 0 fI II U X. c., OCIiOBbl cpaBlIlITeJlbliOH !jJ1I3HOJIOrHH, ,\\., 1950.
K p a B K 0 B H. n., 0 ,/\eHcTBIIII fI,/\OB lIa >Ka6epllble COC, Y,/\bl PYCCKHH Bpa'l,
1930, 13, 1913; 1934, 17, 600.
K p a B 'I II II C K II H E. 11.., 3BOJIIOlUifI pe!jJJIeKTOpllblX CBH3eH ,/\blxaTeJIbliOrC
ueliTpa Y n03B01I0'lllb1X >KIIBOTllbIX, <1>1I3110JIOrll'leCKHH >KypllaJI CCCP,
1945, 31, 1-2, 9 (a).
K p a B 'I II II C K II H D. 11.., ABToMaTII3M H pe JIeKC B ,/\eflTeJIbIiOCTII ,/\blxa-
TeJIbliOrO 1I.ellTpa Y n03B01I0'lllb1X >KIIBOTllbIX, YcnexII cOBpeMelilioH 6HO-
JIOrllll, 1945, 19, 29 I (6).
K pac Y C C K a H A., HCCJIe,/\oBaIiHe pacnOJIO>Kelillfl II B3allMlioro COOTIIO-
illelillfl COCY,/\OB nO'IeK 'IeJIOBeKa II MJIeKOnllTalOUlIlX >KIIBOTllbIX, H3BeCTIIH
neTep6yprcKoH 6110JIOfll'leCKoii JIa60paTopllll, 1904, 7, 2, 20.
K p e C T II II C K a fI T. B., Pe1l.enTOpbl MOJIO'lIiOH >KeJIe3bl, ApxlIB a lIaTOMII II ,
rliCTOJIOrHII II 9M6pHOJlOrHlI, 1952, 29, 4, 54.
1\ p e C T II II C K a fI T. B., K Bonpocy 06 IIIIIIepBauIIII MO,10'lIiOH >KeJIe3bl,
B KII.: Bonpocbl MOpqJOJIOfllll peuenTopoB BIIYTpellllllx opralioB II cep,/\e'l-
IIO-COCY'/\IICTOH cIICTeMbl, 1953, CTp. 200.
K pox H II a E. M., 4YBcTBIITeJIhllaH IIlIlIepBaUIIH TOJICTOrO Kllille'lIlIlKa,
1I.IICC., M., 1947.
K pox II II a E. M., 4YBCTDIITeJIbliafl HllllepBa1l.IIH TOJlCTOii KllillKH MJIeKO-
nIlTaIOUlHX, ApxHB aliaTOMHII, rHCTOJIOfllll H 9M6pIlOJIOrHII, 1952, 29,
5, 43.
K p 1,1 ill Ton e II K 0 A. K., 3KCTHpnaUllfI lIalJ.nO'le'lIlIlKOB Y KpOJIHKOB,
1I.IICC., CnE, 1904.
K Y ,/\ H II 11. e B H., K Y'IelllllO 0 lIa,/\nO'le'lllbIX >KeJIe3aX, cnE, 1897_
K Y ,/\ H II 11. e B H., K Y'IelllllO 0 !jJYHKUIIII lIa,/\nO'le'lllbIX >KeJIe3, ]])ICC., Xapb-
KOB, 1898.
K Y 3 II e 11. 0 B A. H., lI.eHcTBHe cIIMnaTIlKoTponllblx BeUleCTB lIa clilioKapo-
TII,/\IIYIO 301lY, TpY,/\bl BoeIiIiO-Me.l\IIUIIIICKOH aKa,/\eMIIH IIMeli1l C. M. KHpO-
Ba, 1938, 17, 12l.
K Y JI I, 'I H 11. K H H H. K., K Bonpocy 0 CTpoellllll H !jJ1I3110JIOrH'IeCKOM OT-
npaBJlellll1l CeJIe3e1lKII, XapbKoB, 1882.
K Y JI I, 'I H 11. K II H B., Die Hautarterien des Hundes, Anal. Anz., 1889,
4, 276.
K y n p II fI II 0 B B. B., 06 IIlIlIepBaUHlI JIerO'lllblX COCY,/\OB Y 'IeJlOneKa lIa lIe-
KOTOpblX CTa,/\IIHX BIIYTPllYTp06110ro pa3BHTIIH, ApxHB aliaTOMIIH, rH-
CTOJIOrll1l H 9M6pllOJIOrHH, 1952, 29, 3, 48.
K Y n P II fI II 0 B B. B., HIiTepopeuenTopbl npll KHCJIOpO,/\IIOH lIe.D.OCTaTO'l-
IIOCTH, ApXHB naTOJIOrHH, 1953, 2, 15(B).
K Y P.D. II II a 3. H., BIICuepaJIblible lIapywelillfl npll O'larOBbIX nOpa>KellHflX
KOpbl rOJIOBIiOrO M03ra, 1I.IICC., M., 1949.
J1 a 6 Y T H II H. H., <1>H3110JIOrH'IeCKafl pOJIb cHIiOKapOTlI,/\IIOH 30llbI Y JIO-
illa.D.II, TpY,/\bl VII BcecolO3110ro C"be3,/\a !jJH3110JIOrOB, 6110XIIMltKOB II !jJap-
MaKOJIOrOB, 1947, CTp. 296.
340
Jl a B,/\ 0 B C K II if M. lI.., CTpoelIHe KOllueBLIX opraliOB TaKTHJlbllblX lIepBOB,
Tp)',/\bl VI C"be3,/\a PYCCKIIX IIcnblTaTeJIeH II BpalJeH. 1879, 2, 118.
.1 a B p e II T I, e B 5. H., Oter die Verbreitung d('r nrrvosen Elemente
(einschliesslich der {(intersti tiellen Zellem Ca j als) in der glatten Muscula-
tur, ihre Endigungsweise in den glatten MuskelzelIen, Zschr. f. micr.-
anal. Forsch., 1926, 6, 3, 467.
J1 a B p e II T I, e B 5. VI., HeKoTopble Bonpocbl Teopllil CTpoelillfl lIepBlioH
TKaHH, ApxHB 6HOJIOrHlJeCKliX lIaYK, 1937, 48, 194.
.'1 a B p e II T I, e B 5. II., MOpll'oJIOrllfl aBTolIolIIlIOii lIepBlioH CIICTelllbl,
M., 1939.
J1 a B p e II T be B 13. H., l.(YLJCTDlITeJlbliafl IIlIlIepBaulIH DIIYTpeHllllx opra-
IIOB, )KypllaJl o(iw.eH 6110JlOrillI, 1943, 4, 249.
JI a B p e II T I, e B 5. H., HlllIepBaUlIfI Cepll.ua II KpoBellocllblX COC)'!\OB,
Ycnexli cOBpelllelllloii 6110JIOrHII, 1944, 18, 3, 277.
JI a B p e II T L e B 13. II., MOp\I'oJIorHfI aBToHoMIlOif lIepBlloii CHCTeMbI,
M., 1946.
JI a B p e H T b e B 5. H. H 50 po B C K a fI A. 51., Die Degeneration der
postganglionaren Fasern des autonomen Nervensystems und deren
Endigungen, Zschr. f. Zellforsch. u. micr. Anal., 1935, 23, 761.
J1 a B p 0 B K. c., KOllueBble OT,/\eJIbl nepmpeplllJeCKOH lIepBlioif CHCTeMbl,
POCToB-lIa-lI.IIIIY, 1941.
J1 a II ,/\ a Y 3., .'\\aTepHaJIbl ,/\JlfI MIIKpOCKOnlllJeCKOH aliaTOMHII, IjJll3110JIOrHH
H naTOJIOrHH lIa,/\nOlJelJlIlIKOB, lI.IICC., IOpbeB, 1907.
J1 a n H II C K II ii M. H., I( Bonpocy 0 pacCTpoHCTBe KpoB006paw.e1lHH B 06-
JIaCTH napaJIII30B31111blX lIepBoB, Ka3allb, 1899 (a); HeBpOJIOrHlJeCKHH
BeCTIIHK, 1899, 7, 4, 134 (6).
J1 a n H II C K II H M. H., K Bonpocy 0 npHlJHlle MOTOpllblX paccTpoHCTB np"
nOBpe>K,/\ellllil 3aJIIIIIX KopeillKoB, a TaK>Ke 0 pacnpe,/\eJIellHil KOJIJIaTe-
paJIbllblX BeTBeH 3T1IX noc.qe,/\lHlx B cepoH Macce CnIIlIlIOrO M03ra, HeBpo-
JIOrHlJeCKllif BeCTIIHK, 1902, 10, 4, I(a).
J1 a n H II C K H H M. I-J., no nOBO,/\Y IIlIlIepBaUilil COCY,/\OB M03ra, )KypllaJI
lIeBponaTo.qOrllll H nCHXllaTp1i1l IIlIIellH KopcaKoBa, 1902, 2, 3, 390 (6).
J1 an" II C K II ii M. H., I( Bonpocy 06 YlJaCTIIH HepBllblx CTBOJIOB 3a,/\lIeH
KOlle ' II1OCTH B Ba30MoTopliOH IIIIHepBaUHII ee ,/\HCTaJIbllbIX OT,/\eJIOB H 06
113MellelilUI Ba30MoTopllbiX 3JIeMeliTOB, a TaK>Ke call1llX COCY,/\OB JIanbi nOCJIe
nOBpe>K,/\ellllfl ce,/\a.111w.lIoro lIepDa. KlieB. 1905 (a).
Jl a n II II C K II H M. H., no nOBo,/\y OTliowellllfl Ba30MoTopOB yxa H cOlilioA
apTepllH K illeiillolllY <;.IIMnanl'leCKoMY lIepBY, KHeB, 1905 (6).
1I a n H II C K II H M. H., Uber die Gefiissinnervation der Hundpfote, Arch.
f. micro Anal. u. Entwicklungsgesch., 1905, 65, 623 (B).
1I a n II II C K II ii M. H., Zur Innervation der Hirngefiisse, Arch. f. Anat.
und Physid., Suppl., 1913, S. 163.
1I a n H II C K II H M. H., Zur Frage der gefiisserweiternden Nervenmecha-
nism, Zschr. f. die gesammte Neurol. u. Psychiatrie, 1926, 106, 171.
J1 e 6 e fJ. e B a B. A., HeKoTopble oc06ellllOCTII IIIITepopeuenUl1H KHille'lliOrO
TpaKTa, lI.IICC., Jl., 1947.
1I e 6 e ,/\ e II K 0 B. B., JlanapoToMllfI H COJlllelJlIOe CnJIeTellHe, )KypllaJI co-
BpeMelilioH XIIPYPrlUI, 19 6, I, 3 - 4, 257 (a).
lie 6 e,/\ e II K 0 B. B., 0 cerMeliTapHoH IIl1l1epBaUIiH >KeJlY,/\Ka H duodenum
norpallll'llIblM CTBOJIOM. (K naTorelle3Y KpyrJIOH fl3Bbl), TaM >Ke, 1926,
I, 5 - 6, 487 (6).
1I e B a ill 0 B C. B., 0 BJlllfllIlI1I n. cruralis lIa npocBeT COCY,/\OB, 51. Petersb.
med. WSl"hr., 1879, IG, 149 (a).
1I e B a ill 0 B c., 0 BJIHfllIHil n. cruralis lIa npocBeT KO>KllbIX COCY,/\OB, lI.IICC.,
Cn5, 1879 (6).
1I e B a ill 0 B C. B., Ober Veranderungen der Gefiisslumina, 51. Petersb.
med. Wschr., 1879, 5, 33 (B).
1I e B a IJI 0 B Co, K YlJellillO 06 II1I1IepBaU1II1 COCY.1.0B KO>KII, APXIIB K.111I1HKH
BIIYTpellllllx 60Jle311eif npollJ. C. n. DOTKlllla, 1 81 - 1882, 7, 388.
1I e 1\1 a II A. 3., 0 pe!jJJIeKTOpllblX ,/\BII>KellllflX KHillOK, lI.IICC., Ka3allb, 1912.
341
Jl e-o II T 0 B H lJ A. B., K Bonpocy 06 II1111epB8nllll KpOHl'1I0CIILIX cOCY,' OB,
Me,/\IIKo-61J0JIorlIlJecKlJii )!{ypllaJI, 1927, 5, 14.
J1 e T H II K c., Die Verteilung der Nervengeflechte in der Adventitia der
Gefiisse, Anal. Anz., 1925, 59. 4G7.
J1 e T II H K-C a T 10 K 0 Bar. c., K Donpocy 0 lIepBax apTeplJH )KeJlY,/\Ka,
B c6. «JlYlJIllHe lIaYlJIILle p860Tbi acnllpallTOB BblClUlIX YlJe611bIX 3aBellelillii
H lIaYlJIIO-IJCCJIe,/\OBaTeJlbCKHX III1CTIITYTOB», 1951, CTp. 5.
J1 II Bell A. H., K Bonpocy 0 MOp OJIOrlIli pcuenTopOB nll/lJCIJ0,/\8 lJeJlOBeKa,
B KH.: BonpoCbI IIlOp OJlOrlill penenTopoB BIIYTpellllllX opraliOB H cep-
,/\elJIIO-coCY,/\HCTOH CHCTeMLl, 1953, CTp. 42.
JI Y K I, fI II 0 B a 11. n., 06 H3MelIellHHX rJla,/\KIIX MLIIllU IIPH HX ,/\BHr8TeJIb-
IIOH ,/\ellepBauHII, .llIlCC., M., 1953.
Jl 1,1 cell K 0 B H. K., K MopQ10.10rHII ClWYC-lIepBa repHllra, <PII3110JIOrlI-
'1ecKHli mypllaJI CCCP, 1939, 27, 2, IGG.
J1 fI n Ii II H. 11., PeuenToplible 8nnapaTbi B nlI/lJeBOlle lJeJIOBeKa, TpY,/\bl
V Bcecolo3Horo Cbe3,/\8 :J1I8TOMOB, rHCTOJlOrOB IJ 9M6plIOJIOrOB, 1951,
CTp. 623.
Jl H x 0 B e I K H H A. M., K Bonpocy OU HllllepBaUHII MHrKOH M03roBoH 060-
JIO'lKII Y 'IeJIOBeKa, APXIIB aliaTOMIIII, rHCTOJlOrlIH H 9M6pHOJIOrHII, 1939.
20, 84 H 179; B c6. «Mop!jJOJlOrHH lJYBcTBIITeJlbllOH HliliepBaJ.UiH BIIYTpell-
IIHX opralloB», 1948, CTp. 181.
M a K a po B C K a H H. H., I( Bonpocy 0 <pH3HOJIOrHlI M03roBoro Be/lJeCTBa
lIa,/\nOlJe'lIlIlKOB, .llIlCC., POCToB-lIa-.lloIlY, 1949.
M a JI I, K 0 B r. cIJ., K HliliepBaUHII flpCMllblX Bell, TpY,/\bl BoeIlIlO-MOpCKOH
Me,/\IIUHIICKOii aKa,/\eMHH, 1948, II, 86.
M a JI I, K 0 B r. cIJ., K Bonpocy 06 HCTO'lllHKaX peuenToplloii II1111CpB8UHII
flpeMllblx. BeH, TpY,/\bl lIaY'IIIOIi ceCCHH Boelilio-MoPCKOH Me,/\HUlilicKOH
aKa,/\eMIIH. nOCBH/lJeHIIOH 70-.'1eTHIO 11. B. CTaJlIllla, J1., 1950, CTp. 128.
M a JI I, K 0 B r. cIJ., K a epeIlTlioH HliliepBaulIII flpeMllblX Bell, TpY,/\bl
V BcecolO3110ro Cbe3,/\a aliaToMoB, rliCTOJloroB H 9MUpHOJIOroB, 1951,
CTp. 624.
Map r 0 p Ii II E. M., HepBbl COCY,/\OB II COCY,/\bl lIepBoB, C60pllHK TPY,/\OB
naMflTII npo . B. 11. .ll06poTBopCKoro, 1938, CTp. 363.
Map r 0 pHil E. M., l1CTOlJlIlIKH HepBlioro CliaumellllH rJIYUOKHX COCY,'JOB
BepXHeH KOllelJlIOCTH, C60pllllK TPY,/\OB XHpYPrHlJeCKOH II ypOJIOrll'leCKOH
KJIIJIIHKH, nOCBfI/lJelillblH 33-JIeTIIlO l\eHTeJIbIiOCTII IIpOlp. A. 11. BaCIIJIbeBa,
1941.
Mac JI 0 B A. n., Mop oJIorHfI peuenToplioH IIl1l1cpBaUHH KpOBeliOCHblX
COCY,/\OB 9peKTHJIbllblX opraliOB MJIeKOnHTalO/lJIIX, .lllJcc., Ka3allb,
1950.
M e JI II X 0 B n. r., HliliepBaUIJH KpoBelloclIblX COCY,/\OB KOIICtllioCTeH,
)KypllaJI IIOBOH XlJpyprllH, 1927. KII. 5. N28, 9 II 10, CTp. 255, 353 II 465.
Me p K Y JI 0 B a O. c., 0 peuenTopax nelJelIlJ II nOlJeK, .llIICC., JI., 1944.
M e p K Y JI 0 B a O. c., 0 pcuenTopax nelJellIl, ¥l3BecTHH AKa,/\eMIIII lIaYK
CCCP, cepHfI 6HOJIOrHlJeCKafl, 1948, 4, 483.
Me p K Y JI 0 B a O. C. II Yep II H rOB C K II ii B. 1-1., 1111TepOpeUellTOpbl
II CKeJIeTliaH MYCKYJIaTypa, TaM me, 1948, 4, 469.
M H JI e II K 0 B C. M., HeKOTOpbll' oco6ellllocTIi CTpOClilifI peuelITopa COJI-
lIe'llioro CnJIeTelilifl lJeJIOBeKa Hero B3aIJMOOTIIOlllelllle C KpOBellOCllblMH
cocy,/\aMH, .lloKJIa,/\bl AKa,/\eMIIII lIaYK Y3ueKCKOH CCP, 1949, 12, 43.
M II JI e II K 0 B C. M., HOBbie ,/\allllble no OUllapY)KelIlilO HepBliopeuenTopllblX
npH60pOB B oprallH3Me, B c6. «COBpeMCllllble np06J1eMbl 06/lJeii naTO. O-
rIlIJ Ii Me,/\IIUllIIbl», 1950, CTp. 208.
M II JI 0 X II II A. A., Ou aqJljJepclITIIOIi HliliepDal\HH nll/lJeBaplJTeJIbliOrO
TpaKTa, B KII.: Bonpocbl Mopq)OJIorlili penenTopOB BIIYTpellllllX opr:JIIOB
II cep,/\elJIIO-coCY,/\IICTOH CIiCTeMbl, 1953, np. 77.
M H C JI a B C K H ii II. A., 0 1!1H3110JIOrlIlJl'CKOii pOJIII ,/\CII,'JpI1TOB, HeBpo.10-
rlllJeCKHH BeCTIIHK, 1895; 1136palIllbic npoll3Be,/\clIHH, 1952, CTp. 196.
M II C JI a B C K II H H. A., 0 ,'\BYCTopoIlBeii npOBO,/\IIMOCTIl B lIepBe, l-IeBpo-
JIOrH'IeCKHH BeCTIlII K, 1898, 6, I, 216.
;-.: ). 342
(
]\\ II C .1 a B C K Ii H I-I. A., Pell):lcKTOPIIOl' OTplll_\aTCJIbIlOl' KOJIeu<Jlllie, 1900,
113Gpallllhle npoll3BeJ\CIIIHI, 1%2, CTp. 2u2.
Mil C.1 a B C K II ii I-I. A. Ii U hi C T pc II II II II. II., TepllIUlJeCKOC pa3Apa-
"'eliHe coc)",'\opacillupuTe.1eii. 1905, B KII.: H. A. Mllc.1aBcKIIH, 1.136pall-
UblC npOU3Dl','1CIIIlH, 1952, CTp. IG5.
M. II C :1 a B C K II II I-I. A. II C e p rile B C K H H M. B., K Bonpocy 0 TOp-
1O>KeIiIlH, Ka3allcKull Me,/\IIUllllcKllii MypilaJI, 1927, 4, 387.
M II X a II JI 0 D c., Zur Fragc uvl'r die Innervation der Blutgefiisse, Arch
:. lIIicr. Anal. u. Elltwicklungsgcsch., 1908, 72, 540 (a).
M Ii X a H JI 0 B c., Die ;\/ervcn des Endocardiullls, Anal. Anz., 1908
.J . 87 (6).
M .1 0,'\ 3 e e B C K II H B. K., 06 OTUOillCIIIUI cOCy,/\ollBuraTeJIhllbiX lIepBoB
KO)K1i K ,/\CiiCTBIlIO 3JIeKTplllJeCKIIX TOKOB, l!.liCC., M., 189!).
MOil C e e B E. A., Zur Kl'lIntnis des Carotissinusreflex, Zschr. f. die ges.
expo \ed., 1926, 53, 696.
M Y .1 II K 0 B A. H., COCY.1.UCThle pl'aKuuII npu ,/\ereliepal\IIH ce,/\aJIllmliOrO
lIl'pBa, UJOJI.1cTellh 3KcnepHIIIeUTaJIbliOH UIIOJIOnlll H lIIe,/\IIUHII bI, 1936,
I, 6, 455.
M '1 e,'1. JI Ii ill B H JI Ii r. II., K reMO.l\llIIaMliKP KanliJIJIflplioro KpoBo06paUJe-
IIlIfI, <P1I3110JIorulJeCKliH >KypllaJl CCCP, 1951, 37, 3, 304.
1\1 fI I JI II II a r. A., HliliepBauliH n03BOIIOlJIIOII apTepHH, APXIIB aliaTOMHH,
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H a B a JI H X H II H., Over die Wirkung des verminderten Blutzuflusses
zum Gehirn auf den Blutstrom im Aortcnsystem, Zbl. fur die med.
Wiss., 1870, 31, 483.
H a B pOll K II ii <P., 0 B:Illf1HHH cnlllllloro M03ra lIa cepm\e (K HliliepBaUHH
Cepiltia), H3BecTllfI BapillaBcKoro YIIHBepCHTeTa, 1870.
H C,'1 3 Bell K II H B. K., MaTeplla.lbl ,'\JIH HCCJIeAOBallllH KpOBo06paUJellHfI
B lJupOTIIOl1 Belle, 1!.IICC., M., 1894.
H e C T I' P 0 B A. H., 0 cOKpaTIIMOCTlI KpoBellocuhlX KanliJlJlHpOB, PYCCKHii
<p1I3UO.'10rHlJCCKliH >KypllaJl, 1925, 8, 5.
H e C T cpo B A. 1-1., I( YlJelililO 0 KpoBellocllbix KanIlJI.1f1paX H KanHJIJIHpO-
CKonHH, TOMcK, 1929.
H I' T e pOD C K Ii ii M., Uber die erven der Leber, Virchow's Archiv,
1875, G3, 412.
H II K H T Ii II A. A., l!.HcTPO[ u<IecKlie npoueccbI B oprallax H TKallflX nOCJIe
rpan lbl CnHllaJIbllbiX rallrJIlleB, 1!.IICC., JI., 1947.
H II K 0 JI a eBB. B., K Bonpocy 0 cOCy,/\0,/\BuraTe.1Hx .1erKllX JIHrYIIlKH,
HeBpOJIOrH'IeCKIIH BeCTIIUK, 1902, 10, 3, 12.
o p 6 e ,1 H JI. A., 191U II 1910/191 101. Langley and Orbeli, 1910 Ii 1910/1911.
o p U e .'1 H J1. A., JIeKuulI no ( 1I3HOJIOrHU lIepBlioH CliCTeMbI, JI" 1938.
o C H II 0 B B. II., 0 cOKpameHHflx >KeJIY,/\Ka, KHillOK II MO'leBOrO nY3b1Hp
B TC'lellue na'/\YlJliX npllCTynoB, AIICC, CI15, 1898.
OCT P 0 Y MOB A. A.., Versuchc uber die Hemmungsnerven der Hautge-
tassc. Arch. f. dil' ges. Physiol., 1876, 12, 219.
naB .1 0 B H. n., 3KcnepllMellTa lbllhle J\<JIIIIWl' K BOUPOCY 06 aKKOM0Jl-aIUIOII-
110M MeJ\all1l3l11e KpOBl'lIOCllblX COCY.'J.Oll, 1 77, ITOJIIiOC c06palille COlJHlle-
HlIl'i, 1951, T. I, CTp. 28.
naB .1 0 B H. IT., 0 lIopMa.1bHblX KO.1cuallliHX KpOBHHoro ,'1.aB.'1CIIHfI, 1879 (a),
ITo.1110e coupaliHe COlJllllelillii, 1951, T. I. CTp. 72.
n a II .1 0 B H. IT., K Y'IelllllO ou H1l1lcpBaU1I1I KpoBHlloro pyc.1a, 1879 (6),
Ilo.1II0e coopalilic CO<lIIl1ell II ii, 1951, T. I, CTp. 64.
naB .1 0 B II. n., MaTepllaJIW K UIIIICpBal\1I1I KpOBCHOCIiOH CIICTeMbl, E>Ke-
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nla B .1 0 B 11. n., U,IY>K,'1aIOmllii IICplJ KaK pcrYJIflTOp 06 m ero KpoBHlloro
\aB.1eIlIlH, TaM >KC, 1883, CTp. 489.
B a B .1 0 B H. n., 0 lIenO.IIIOTC COBpCMl'IIIIoro tPII3HOJIOnl'leCKOrO allaJIH3a
.\l'iiCTBUH ,leKapCTB, TpY.LIbl V C"be3,'1a ()O:L\eCTBa PYCCKliX Bpa'leH B naMflTb
I-I. JI. ITuporoDa, 1894, I, 21li.
3-13
II a B ,1 0 B 11. n., BblCTynJleHlle D npellllHX no .'!OK.1a.1Y ,\. C. 11ore.1H,
1897 (a), nOJIlioe coopaliHe COlJllllellHH, 1951, T. 6, CTp. 86.
II a B JI 0 B 11. n., JleKIlHII 0 paGoTe r.1alJllblX nHUleBapHTe.'1bllbIX iKe.1e3,
cno, 1897 (6).
naB .'1 0 B 11. n., BblCTynJlelille B npellHHX no ,/\OKJIa:ty C. Mnxaii.1oBa,
TpY,/\bl 06U1cCTBa PYCCKIIX BllalJell B C.-neTepGypre, 1907, 74, 387.
naB JI 0 B 11. Il.. BblCTynJIeliHe D npelillflX no ,/\OK.1a:ty M. B. 51l1oBcKoro.
TaM )j{e, 1909, 76, 4 I I .
naB JI 0 B 11. n.. 06U1ee 0 lIeliTpax 60JIbUJIIX no.'1YUJapIlH, TaM }he,
1909/1910, 77, 192.
naB.1 0 B 11. n., 0 nliUleBOIII uenTpe. Ta 1 )j{e. 191 I, 78, 31.
naB JI 0 B H. n., J1eKUHII no qJll3110JIOrllll 1912/1913, M., 1949.
naB JI 0 B 11. n., HeKOTopble npoGJIeMLI B rl'"3IfOJIOnliI 60JlblllllX nOJIYUJapllH,
1928, nOJlIIOe c06paHlie COlJHII(,IIHH, 1951, T. 3, KH. 2, CTp. 95.
naB JI 0 B 11. n., 11Ba'/\II:!TlIJIeTIIHH onblT 113YlJe1i1IH Bblcrnci'l lIepDlIoif ,/\efl-
TeJIbliOCTH (nOBe,/\elllIfI) )j{HBOTllbIX, 5-e 11311., 19.\2.
n a II a UI e II K 0 A. )1., K Bonpocy 0 311alJellllll Kap.1l1l0-aopTa.1blloH perjJ'1e-
KcoreliliOH 30111,1 ,/\JIfi .1IeHCTBlIfI IUlTpilTOB lIa D.blXalille II KpOBfllIoe ,/\aBJIe-
IIIIe, <l>1I3HOJIOnllJeCKIIH )j{ypllaJl CCCP, 1946. 32, 6, 763.
nap IfJ e II T b e B a B. <1>., Pa3J1HlJlle cpOpM II CDfl3eii BIIYTpllnelJellOlJllblX
KpoBellocllblX cocy,/\on, YlJellble 3anllCKII II MOCKoBCKoro rocy.:\ap-
CTBeHnor0 Mep'-IIIIIIIICKoro IIl1cTIiTyTa HI\I(,IIH 11. B. CTaJIHlla, 1951. 2. 157.
Il Hill' C J1. 51., Uber die Innervation des chromaffinen Gewebes des Sympa-
thicus und fiber das sympathico-chromaffinen System im aligerneinen,
Arch. f. Psych. u. Nervenkrankh.. 1924, 70. 641.
n Hill' C Jl. 51., KpaTKllij KYpC .1eKIlHH no reTaTIIBlibIM ueliTpalll, Jl., 1940.
n II II e C n. 51. II Hap 0 B lJ a TO B a K., Uber die Innervation der 1\eben-
niere, Zschr. f. micr.-anat. Forsch., 1931, 25, 518.
n II 0 T P 0 B C K H H f., Studien fiber dC'll peripherischen Gefiissmecha-
nismus, Arch. fUr die ges. Physiol., 1894, 55, 240.
n JI e lJ K 0 B a E. K., HOBbie Aalilible no MOprjJo.'10rIlH aliTarOliliCTHlJeCKOH
HliliepBaUHII cep,/\ua, DIOJIJIeTelib 9KcnepHMellTa.1bllOH 6110JIOnlll II lIIe;{II'
lI.H II 1,1, 1936, I, 6, 418 (a).
n JI e lJ K 0 B a E. K., PelI.enTOpbl KopOllapllblX COCY,/\OB H MIiOKap,/\a MJIe-
KonHTaIOUlHX, TaM )j{e, 1936, I, 6, 420 (6).
n JI e lJ K 0 B a E. K., 0 MOp<pOJIOrlllJeCKHX 113Mellelllmx M03rOBoro BeUleCTBa
lIa,/\nOlJelJIIHKOB npH ,/\ellepBaIHIIi. B c6. «Mop< oJlOrHfI aBTOIIOlIIlIOH lIepB-
11011 CHCTeMbl», 1939, CTp. 129.
n JI e lJ K 0 B a E. K., 111111epBaUlifi cep'/\lI.a, KJIHIIHlJeCKafi Me,/\IIUHlla, 1941,
19, B. 9, 28.
n JI e lJ K 0 B a E. 1(., 4YBCTBHTeJIbliaH IlIIlIepBaUIIH MOlJeBOrO nY3blpfl,
113BecTilfi AKa,/\eMIIII lIaYK ( CCP, cepllfl 6110JIOrHlJeCKaH. 1942, 4. 231.
n JI e lJ K 0 B a E. K., PeuenTopbl MiloKap,/\a H Kopollapllblx COCY,/\OB, TaM
)j{e, 1944, 5, 272 (a).
n JI e lJ K 0 B a E. K., PeuenTopbl MHoKap,/\a H KopOllapllblx coeYJIOB. 3Kcne-
pllMellTbl C nepepe3Koii IIepBllblx npOBO,/\IIHKOB, TaM )j{e, 1944, 6, 358 (G).
n JI e lJ K 0 B a E. 1(., PeuenTopbl MlloKap,,!a II Kopollapllblx COCY,/\OB. 4YB-
CTBHTeJIbliafi IlIIlIepBaUHH 1II0lJeBOrO nY3blpfl, B c6. «MoprjJoJIonm lJYBCTBH-
TeJIbliOH HlillepB3UHH BIIYTpellllHx opralloB», 1948 (a, 6), CTp. 46 H 163.
n JI e lJ K 0 B a E. K., 4YBCTBHTCJlbliaH HliliepBaUlifi nepmpepHlJeCKHX COC -
,/\OB, 113BecTIIH AKa,/\eIllIlH lIaYK CCCP, cepHH 6HOJIOrlllJeCKafi. 1948.
6, 627 (B).
n JI e " K 0 B a E. K., K Bonpocy 0 MOprjJOJIOrJm nepHrjJepHlJeCKOH IlIIlIepBa.
lI.HH KpORellOCllblX COCY,/\OB, B KII.: HepBliafi perYJIflUHfi KpOBo06parnellHfI
II ,/\blxaHHfI, 1952, CTp. 258.
n JI H C a II O. r., MaTepHaJlbl K H3YlJeliHIO pa3BIITHfi TpOHIIHlJlIOrO lIepBa,
ro BereTaTHBllblX Y3JIOB H HX cBfl3eii, B cG. «Bonpocbl MoprjJOJIOnm ne-
pHlfJepHlJeCKOH lIepBlioH CHCTelllbU>, MHIICK, 1949, CTp. 29.
n 0,/\ C 0 COB Jl. A., K 1II0prjJOJIOrHH npeccopeuenToplioro annapaTa :JlerolJ
1I0H.apTepHH, 11HCC., CBep,/\JIOBCK, 1942.
344
nO JI K 0 B M., K Y'IeIlIlIO 0 COCY,/\O.l\BHraTeJIblibIX lIepBaX, B KII.: LJ:HOII Yr.,
Pa60TbI. CAeJWIIHhle n <j1H3110JIOrll'leCKOH JIa60paTopHII Me,/\HKo-xHpyprH-
'ICCKOJi aKa}l.eMIIII 3a 1873 r., CrIB, 1/'(74, CTp. 41.
n 0.1 H K 0 B H. f., Pe( .1eKcbl C 6p101ll1lO/1 aopTbl 11<1 KpOBo06paw.elllle II
.l\blxalille, YcneXH cOBpeMelllloH 6110JlOrllll, 1951, 31, 2, 314.
no JI H K 0 n-C T a II en II 'I 1-1. r., PeqJJ1eKCbI lIa ,/\bIxaliHe npH ,/\eHcTBHH
napacHlllllaTHKOTpOnllblX H}l.OB lIa 06.1aCTh KapoTH}l.IIOrO CllIIyca. TpY,/\bl
Boellllo-lI1eJUIUHIICKOH aKa.l\eMHII IIMell1l C. M. KllpoDa, 1938, 17, 143.
nOli 0 III ape u B. H., Pa3BIITHe IIl1l1epBaUIIH KapoTH,/\lIoro rJIOMyca H
3KcnepliMellTa.1bllblH alla.1113 npllpo,'!bI r.10MYClibIX K.1eTOK, L(HCC., M..
1946.
non e JI b C K II Ii Jl. 5., Pe JleKTOpllbill uellTp nO}l.)j{e.1y,/\0'lIiOH )j{eJle3bI,
50JlbIlH'IliaH ra3eTa C. n. OOTKlllla, 1900, 21, 1273.
non e JI I, C K II ii J1. 0., K II3HOJIOrHlI 'IpeBIlOro cnJleTellHH, Arch. Wr
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non 0 B B., 0 paClllllpellllH Bell IIH)j{IIIIX KOlle'lIiOCTeH. :J.HCC., M., 1861.
non 0 B H. B., The digital vascular system, Arch. of path., 1934, 18,
295.
non 0 B H. B., Recherches sur I'histologie des anastomoses arterio-veneu-.
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d'histol. appl., 1935. 12, 158.
non 0 B H. <1>., fIepllljJepH'IeCKlle KOMnellcaUHH aBTOIlOlllllbIX IjJYIIKlI.HH
oprallll3111a, )/\YPlla.1 cOBpeMelilioH nCHxolleBpo.10rHH, 1932, 3.
non 0 B H. <1>., HepBllbIe uellTpbI H HX pOJIb B pery.1HUIIIf TKalieBblX peaKUHH
B oprallll3111e, 113DeCTlIH AKaAellIHH lIaYK CCCP, cepHH 6HOJIOrH'Iecl<aH,
1950, 6, 124.
n p 0,/\ a II 0 B H., I(poBelloclible COCYllbl - HCTO'lIlHK 60JIeBOH peUenlI.HlI,
ApxHB naTOJlOrHH, 1953, 15, 6, 26.
fI 'I e JI II II a fl. A., HIiTpacnlllla,1bllbIe CBH311 3a,/\lIero KopelllKa, fl.IICC.,
M., 1948.
n 'I e JI H II a Jl. A., HIiTpaCnllllaJIblibIe CBH311 3a,/\lIero KopelllKa, Y'IelibIe
3anHCKli I I MOCKOIICKoro rOCY.I\a!"TBPlilloro Me,/\HUHIlCKoro IllICTIiTYTa
IIlIIellH 11. B. CTaJlHlla. 1951, 2, 203.
n Y T e 3 e H C <1>. II Tap x a II 0 B 11. P., Ober den Einfluss des Nerven-
systems auf den Zustand der Gcfiisse, Arch. f. Anal., Physiol. und
wiss. Med., 1874, S. 373 (a) H Zbl. f. med. Wissensch., 1874, S. 41 (6).
fI III 0 II II K A. T., 3KcnepllllleliTaJIblibIe ,/\allllble 0 KOpKOBOH perYJIHUHH co-
CY,/\HCTbIX peaKUHH 'IeJlOBeKa II >KIIBOTHbIX, B KII.: HepBliaH perYJlHlI.lIH
KpOBOoupaulellHH II ,/\bIxaHHH. 1952, CTp. 221.
P a }I. 0 C T H II a T. H., 0 pery.'J!J\\1I11 KpoBoCllau)j{ellHH KHllle'lIlHKa, Te3Hcbl
,/\OKJIa,/\OB BcecolO3110H KOllljJepellUHII lIeHpoMopljJOJIOrOB, 1952, CTp. 37.
P a .l\ 0 C T H II a T. 1-1., PerYJIHnllH KpoBoclla6)j{ellHH TOIiKoro OT,/\e.'Ja KHllle'l-
IIHKa, TpY,/\bI MOCKOBCKOH .f.!eTepHllaplioH <1KaAeIllHII, 1953,8, cep. A, 165.
P a 3,/\ 0 JI I, C K II H H. H., Uber die Endigung der HinterwurzcIfasern
im Riickenmark, Arch. f. Psych. u. Nervenkr., 1928, 85, 795.
P a 3 e II K 0 B 11. n., K Donpocy 0 caMOCTOHTe.'JbllbIX pe JIeKCaX B CHlllnaTH-
'1eCKOH lIepBlioH CIiCTeMe, il\ypllaJI 3KcnepliMeliTaJIbliOH 6 II OJIOrllIl H Me-
AHUHllbl, 1926. 3, G5.
P a x III a II 0 B A. B., Zur Frage der I\ervenendigllngen in den Gefiissen, Anal.
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Pen K H II 5. H., K IIl1l1CpBaUlI1I KpoBellocllblX COCY,/\OB JIerKoro, B c6.
«JlY'lIllHe lIaY'Ilible pa60Tbi acnllpaliToB BblCIllHX Y'Ie6l1blx 3aBe,/\eHllii H
lIaY'l1i0-HCCJIe,/\oBaTe.1bcKHX HHCTHTYTOB, 1951, CTp. 28.
P H K K JI I, A. B., PencnTopliaH qlYIIKIUiH )j{eJIe3 BIIYTpelilieH CeKpelI.HlI,
Te3Hcbl ,/\OKJIa,/\OB I X COBernallHH no IjJH3HOJIOrll'leCKHM np06JIeMaM,
1941, CTp. 74.
PHil e K, HeCKOJIhKO onbITOB HaA COCY,/\O,/\BHraTeJIbllblIllH lIepBalllH Y OTpaB-
JIelilibIX Kypape JIHrYlJIeK, I PY,/\bI 2-ro C"be3,/\a eCTecTBoHcnbITaTeJleH,
,\\., 1869, CTp. 41.
345-
P 0 rOB A. A., n COCY:\IICTbl'( YC. OlJlfbl,( II OC3YC:IODllbIX pC(!JJICKCaX lJeJIO-
BeKJ, \1., 1951.
PO>K a II C K II ii B., K YlJeHlloO 06 OTIiOluelfHlI cmllllloro M03ra II CliMllaTH-
lJeCKIIX Y3JIOB I{ KpoBelloclloii CIlCTeMe, Ka3allb, 1889.
Po C K HilL II., Ib03. eKTplllJeCKlie TOlJKII KJIeTOK KamIJI.1!1pOB, ;loK.1a.i\bI
AK3,/\eMIIII lIaYK CCCP, 1944, 42, 94.
Po C K II II r. II., K fHCTO(PH3110JIOnlil KamlJl.HlpOB, TaM >Ke, 1945, 47, 682.
P bI B K II If ,/\ A. B., MaTeplla.1bl K naTOJIOnlll KapOTH1I1I0rO cHlIyca II Kapo-
TII;J.IIOii >KeJIe3b1, APXIIB lIaTO.lOrllll, all3TOMIIII Ii lIaTo.10rH'leCKOii tP1I311O-
.10rHH, 1940, G, 5, 25.
P bI B K H 11,/\ A. B., 06 apTepli0-Bclf03l1blX ailaCTOM03ax lIIaJIoro Kpyra.
Co06UJeliHe I, ApxHB 113TO,10fllll, 1948, 10, 3, 24 (a).
P bl B K H II 11 A. B., 06 apTepli0-Bell03l1bIX aliaCTOM03ax Ma. oro Kpyra.
Co06UJelilie 2, TaM >KC, 19.!/j, 6, 42 (G).
P bI B K H II ..'I A. B., 06 apTepli0-Bell03l1blX aliaCTOlll03ax MaJlOrO Kpyra KpO-
Bo06paUJelilul, T3111 >Ke, 1949, 2, 9 (a).
P 1,1 B K H II fJ. A. B., ApTcpli0-Bell03libIe aliaCTOM03b1 JIerOlJlIOl1 H npIlCTellOlJ-
110M nJIeBp II nJICBpaJIbllblX cnaCK. /IlaTepllaJIbi K rIlCTorelle3Y 3alllbiKalO-
UJIIX apTepliH, TaM >Ke, 1949, 4, 62 (G).
P bI B K H II fJ. A. B., 06 apTepli0-Bell03l1bIX aliaCTOlll03ax MaJIOrO Kpyra KpOBO-
06paUJelllHI. 3aKJIIO'lllTCJlbliOe co06UJelilie. HOBbIe lIa6JIIO,/\eIlIlH 0 CTPYK-
TypllblX oc06ellllOCTflX 3aMblKaJOUJIIX apTcpIlH H 06 IIX tPYIIKUHOllaJIbliOM
3l1alJellHH, TaM 1Ke, 1952, 4, 80.
Cell II E. 1(., I1CTOpllH pa3BIITHH lIepBlioM CIICTeMbl n03BOIIO'lllblX, M.,
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C e p rIle B C K II H M. B., 0 lIIeCTlfblX COCYJlIICTbIX peuellTopllblX SOllax,
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CTp. 543.
C e 'I e II 0 B 11. M., MaTCpllaJIbI .l\JlfI GY.l\YUJeii (PIf3110JIOrHH aJIKOrOJIbliOrO
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C e 'I e II 0 B 11. M., Pelp.1eKcbI rOJIODIlOrO M03ra, cno, 1866 (a).
C e 'I e II 0 B 11. M., <P1I3110JIOfllH IfcpDllOii CIICTCMbl, cno, 1866 (6).
C e 'I e II 0 B 11. M., <P1I3liOJIOfHfI opralioD 11YBCTB, 1/j67.
C H II 10 III H II H. B., 0 KapOTlI,/\IIOii >Ke.Jle3e (aliaToMllfI, <jJli3110. orIlfl Ii na-
TOJIOfllfl), HOBbIH xllpyprulJecKlIii apxlIB, 1924, 4, Kif. 3, 428.
C K a 6 11 'I e B C K H ii B., K Bonpocy 06 IIl1l1epBaUlIli MOlJeBOrO nysbIpH.
3KcnepHMeliTaJIbliGe IIcc.1e,/\ODaIlIlC, BapmaBa, 1890.
C K D 0 PliO B B. B., Kypc (paplllaKo.10rllH, M., 1948.
C JI ell K 0 B 10. B., 4YBcTBliTeJIbliaH IIIl11epBaUIIfI IIIICxO.!lflUJeH aopTbi lJe-
.10BeKa, l!.oKJla,/\bl AKa,'J.cIIIIIH lIaYK CCCP, 1952, 86, 4, 84 I (a).
C JI e II K 0 B 10. 11., LJYBCTBliTCJIbllafl IIl1l1epnaulifI vasa vasorum rpY,/\lIoH
aopTbI, TaM >Ke, 1952, 85,5, 1173 tG).
C JI e II K 0 B 10. B., llYBCTBIITCJIbliafl IlIIlIepBaUIiH ,1.yrll aopTbl lJeJIOBeKa,
B KII.: BonpocbI IIIOP )0.10fllll pcuenTopoB BIIYTpellllllx opralioB II cep-
Ae'llio-coCY,/\liCTOH ClICTeMbI, 1953, CTp. 126 (a).
C JI ell K 0 B 10. 11., 1I1IIIepBal\lIf1 aopTbl IIpll runepTOlIlIlJeCKOil 60. e31111,
Tall! >Ke, CTp. 136 (6).
C JI e n K 0 B 10. 1-1., K Bonpocy 0 'IYBCTBIITCJIbIiOH lililiepBaUlilI IIHi!me6pbl-
>Kee'llioro Y3.1a lJe.10BCKa, Ta 1 >Ke, CTp. 213 (B).
C JI e n K 0 B 10. 1-1., lIYBCTBIITe.1bllafl IIIIIIepB8UllfI ,/\bIxaTe.1bllbIX nYTeii 'Ie-
, JIOBeKa D 1I0p le 1I naTOJIOrllll, Ta:\1 >KC, CTp. 16G (r).
"C MIl pliO B A. A., KapOTII,/\lIafl pC<VJleKCOreliliafl 301la, J1., 1945.
C M H pliO B A. A., HODbIe ,/\allllbIe K MOp.pOJlOrllll lIepBlioro anllapaTa CIIIIO-
KapoHI,/\IIOH pc<V,1eKcorclilloii 301lbl, rpY,/\bl V BceCOlO3110ro C"bC3,/\a alla-
TOMOB, rHCTOJIOrOB II 3l11Gpllo:lOroB, 1951, CTp. G41.
C III II pliO B A. A., HeKoTopblC cpaDIIIITeJIbIiO-aliaTOMlIlJeCKlie ,'J.allllble
K II1I1IepBaU1l1l KapOTlI,,<IIOii 1I aOpTaJlbllOH pe<p./IeKCOrClfllbIX 3011, B KII.:
Hepnllafl perYJlfllllifl KpoBooGpaUJellllfl II ,/\blxaIlHfI, 1952, CTp. 268
C III H pliO B A. E., 0 lJYBCTBIITeJlbllblX IICpBllblX OKOlIlJallllflX B cepllue
aM JII6liii Ii MJICKOnliT3IOUJIiX, HCBpOJIoru 1 1ecKllii BeCTlIlIK, 1895, 3, 2, 47.
346
C III H pliO B a H. r., IIl1l1epBaUIiH pclfJJleKCOrelillblX 3011 CUCYJ\OB H rJIO-
M)'COB npll runepTOlIlJlleCKOii 60JIC31111, Te31ICbI ,/\OKJIa,/\OB I-H lIaY'IIiOH
KOII!jJepeIlUHII HIiCTIITYTa 1I0pMaJIbHOH H naTOJIOflIlJeCKOH MOp!jJOJIOfllll
AMH CCCP, 1947, CTp. II.
C 1\1 II pliO B a H. r., HliliepBaUIiH KapoTH,/\lIoro rJIolIIyca II KapoTII,/\lIoro
cHllyca y 'IeJIOBeKa, B cu. {(MOpCIJOJlOfllfI IJYBcTBIITeJlbliOH IIlIlIepDaUIIH
BIlYTpellllllx opralloB», 1948, CTp. 106.
C I H pliO B a H. L, IIlIlIepBall.lIf1 pe( JIeKCOrelilibIX 3011 COCYJJ.OB II rJIOMY-
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Co K 0 B II II II H. M., Inncrvation dcr Harnblase, Arch. f. d. ges. Physiol.,
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C 0 I< 0 B II II H H. M., MaTt pllaJIbI ,/\JIfI cjJH3110JIOrHil aKTOB BbIBe,/\eIlHH H
3a,/\ep)j{alillfl MOlJlI, H3BeCTlIH II YlJelibIe 3anllCKil Ka3allcKoro YIIHBepcH-
TeTa, 1877, 44, 4/6, 1243.
COli H II B. P., 3<jKfJepl'lITlibIe !jJYIIKII.HII ,/\op3aJIblibIX KopelllKoB CnlilllIOrO
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Cell H II B. P., 3( ( epeIlTllblc !jJYIIKII.HII ,/\op3aJIbllblX KopelllKoB cnlllllloro
\l03ra, 1I3BecTliH HaVlJIIO-IICCJIe,/\oBaTeJIbCKOrO HlicTIlTYTa HMeli1l
n. <1>. J1ecra!jJTa, 1938, "21, 1/2, 319 (6).
C n e p a II C K a H-C Ten a II 0 B a E. H., 0 nepeKpccTe CHMnaTHlJeCKHX
HOJIOKOII nOrpalllllJllbIX CTBOJIOB ,/\JIfI 3a,/\IIIIX KOllelJIIOCTeH, PYCCKllii !jJH-
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C n e p a II C K a H-C Ten a II 0 B a E. I I., CBH3b Me)j{,/\Y KpOBellOCllblMIl CO-
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TdM )j{e, 1926, 9, 331 (6).
C n t' p a II C K H H H. H. II non 0 B B. r.,0 cocy,/\ocY)j{IIBaIOUlell IlIIlIepBa-
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2, 203.
C Ten a II 0 B r. H., HCCJIe,/\oBallllfl lIaA paclllllpeliHeM COCY,/\OB 3aAIIHX
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C T 0.1 I, II H K 0 B 51., Die Stelle vv. hepaticarum im Leber und gesammten
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C T P Y e B H. A., Mexallli3M CIIIPpTlI npll Cli611pCKOii H3Be, lI.HCC., M., 1908 (a).
C T P Y e B H. A., Zur Frage der bakteriellen Lungenembolie, Virch. Arch.
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C fI B 11. H JI JI 0 11. 0., 0 B.1IlfllIHIl lIepBoB lIa KOJle6allllH ,/\aBJIeHHH KpOBH
B MeJIb'laiilllHX cocy,/\ax. K Y'lelllllO 0 Mexall1l3111e ,/\eHcTBHH Ba30,'JIIJIHTa-
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C H BUll JI JI 0 11. 0., MHKpOCKOnHlJeCKlie lIa6JI1o,/\ellllfl lIa,!\ 113MelieliHeM
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Tap x a II 0 B 11. P., Beobachtungen uber contractile Elemente in den
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T e p e II T I, e B n. B., JIflrYIllKa, /1\., 1950_
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Top C K a fI II. B., IIlIlIepDaUlifI n.1cBpLI .1crKoro, lI.IICC., M.,
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dlp06JIell1LI lI1e)j{1I cil pOll II LIX II lIeHpoTKalleBblx oTllollleIlHH»,
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Top C K a fI H. B., IIIIIIepB3UIIH c<IJI 1,11 Ii Ka lleJlOBI'Ka Ii MJIeKOnHTalOUlHX
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T y p e 11. K II H H. M., Pa3BIlTHe UPlow1i0-Ta30BoH IIlIlIepB<JUIIH y 'ICJIOBeKa,
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]%1, CTp. 274.
1951.
B c6.
1953,
347
Y'/\ if II U e BaA. H., 0 cOCY.lIo,/\BHraTe;Iflx lIe4elllI, lI.HCC., Ka3allb, 1912.
Y C T if MOil H 4 K. H., Kpl1T114ecKlIii 0030p HCCJIeJIOllaHI1H 0 cocy,/\o-
paculHpfllOIDHX lIepBax, BoeIiHo-MeJ\IIUIIBCKHH )l{ypllaJI, 1878, 4. 131,
.N2 I, CTp. I.
Y X TOM C K H H A. A., K onpe.l\eJI IIHlO pe )JIeKCa, PYCCKIIH <jJII3HOJIO-
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Y w a K 0 B B. r., K Jlt3110JIOrlIlI II ( apM:JKOJlOnllI nepmjJepif4ecKifx
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<1> a JI II II J1. 11., 06 if3MellellllflX nepBllblx 3JICMeliTOB glomus caroticum
II sinus caroticus npH Ty6epKYJIC3C if Cb!llllOIll Tml1e, B c6. «Mop<jJoJIorHfI
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<1> e,/\ 0 p 0 B 11. 11., Y4acTHe lIepBllblx peuenToplibIX no.1eH 3a,/\lIeH nO.10-
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C"be3,/\a cpH311O.10roll, 611OXifMIIKOB II (IJaplllaKOJIOrOI!, 1947, CTp. 556.
<1> if JI a TO B 11. B., PO.1b lIepBlioH TpO<jJIIKII B B0311HKllOBellifH MOp<jJO-
JIOrif4eCKifX H3MellellllH TKalieH lIoca II B pa3BHTifif II IIHX naTOJIOrI14e-
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<1> 0 II 6 e p r M., 0 cOCy,/\o,/\IIHraTeJIbllbIX lIepBax yxa Kpo.1IIKa. Pa60-
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IB,/\allllble no,/\ pe,/\aKuifeH <1>. HaBpoUKoro, 1870, 1, I.
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X a 10 T H II B. M., MaTepHaJIbI K Mexall1l3MY a,/\anTaUHH 6e3YCJIOBllblX
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X 0 H e p r. <1>., 0 lIenocpe,/\cTBelilibIx aliaCTOM03ax Me)l{'/\Y apTepHHMH
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U. a rap e H w II if JI if A. B., HllllcpBaUiffl nOllcpXIIOCTllblX Bell Bepx-
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npo<jJ. B. 11. 1I.06poTBopcKoro, 1938, CTp. 359.
U. H 0 II 11. <1>., Hemmungen und Erregungen im Ccntralsystem der
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U. Y K e p M. n., 111111epBaUHfI pI. chorioideus, Arch. of neural. and
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II a p Y r if II A. 11., Zur Frage iiber die Innervation der Gefiisse der unte-
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II a y COB M., Co06111elllle apTepifll C BeliaMIi nOCpe.llCTnOIll CTBOJIlIKOB, Me-
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II e 6 0 K cap 0 B M. H., 06 OT,/\CJIIITeJIbllbIX lIepBax II a,'J.nOlJelJ II II KOB,
PYCCKifH Bpa4, 1909, 26, 873 (a).
II e 6 0 K cap 0 B M. H., 0 ceKpeTopllblX nepBax lIa,/\n04elJlIHKOB, lI.HCC.,
Ka3allb, 1909 (6).
II e p BOB a H. A., 111111epBaUilfI npaBoro npe,/\cep,/\HfI, 1I.IICC., /1\., 1950.
II e p e B K 0 B A., 0 BJIifflllllif 60JIblllllX nOJIywapifH rOJlOBIiOrO M03ra lIa
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LJ e p II H rOB C K if H B. H., l1cCJle,/\oBalilie peuenTopoB lIeKoTopblX BIlY-
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348
4 e pH H rO!BC K 11 H B. H., IcCJIe,/\oBaH1Ie pel\enTOpOB lIeKoTopblX BIIY-
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4 e p II H rOB C K H il B. H.,HccJIe,/\OBalille peuenTopOB lIeKOTopblX BIIYTpell-
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4 C P H H rOB C K 11 H B. H., A<1)( epeIlTlible C1ICTelllbI BIIYTpellllHx opralloB,
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q: e p II H rOB C K H H B. B., A<jJ<jJepeIlTlibIe npoBo,/\IIHKH cHMnaTH'IeCKOH
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1944, 4, 'I. 1, 97.
4 e p H H rOB C K 11 H B. H., PeuenTopbI cep,/\e'llio-coCY,/\HCTOH CHCTeMbI,
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4 e p II H rOB C K 11 H B. H., IhlTepouenTopbl, TpY,/\bI Boelilio-MopCKOH
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4 e p II H rOB C K 11 H B. H., K <1J113HOJIOrHH HIiTepouenTopoB, B c6. «npo-
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4 e p II H rOB C K 11 H B. H. 11 X a 10 T 11 H B. M., HOBbie ,/\allllbIe 0 HepB-
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H 0 pa3BHTHH HliliepBaUIH! OKOJIOCepJl-e'lllblX naparallrJIHeB, Me,/\HUHII-
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III a p 0 BaT 0 B I I. A., 06 oKpacKe lIepBoD COCY,/\OB MeTHJIeliOBOH CHllb-
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B. H. TOIiKoBa, 1937, CTp. 246.
III e D K Y II (' II K 0 B. H., MaTepllaJIbI no HliliepBaUHH Bell, C60pllHK TPY-
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III e B 'I e II K 0 H. A., 3H,/\oTeJIHH Kpynllblx KpOBellOCllblX COCY,/\OB n03DOII0'l-
IIbIX, )].oKJIa,/\bI AKa,/\eMHH lIaYK CCCP, 1950, 70, 5, 879.
III e jj II 11 II r M. M., 06 HliliepBaUHH KpoBellocllblX COCY,/\OB lIeKoTopblX
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III 11 M K e B n 'I B., Kypc cpaBHHTeJIbllOii aliaTOIIIHH n03BOII0'llibIX >KHBOT-
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III JI hi K 0 B A. A., 06 Y'IaCTHII KapoTH,/\lIoro CHlIyca B perYJIlIpODallHH M03-
rOBoro KpoBo06paUlellHH, 2-H ceCCHH HeHpoxHpypnl'leCKOrO COBeTa.
1938, CTp. 141.
ill Y 6 11 II A. C., 06 HIiHepBauliH apTepll0-BeH03l1bIX aliaCTOM030B, )].HCC.,
M., 1950.
III Y 6 H H A. C., IIlIlIepBaUHH apTepHo-Bell03l1bIX aliaCTOM030B, M., 1952.
III Y JI Y TKO M. JI., 0 BJIIIHIIHII nOHCIIII'IIiO-KpeCTUOBoii CHMnaT3KTOMHH
lIa pa3BHTHe KOJIJIaTepaJIbliOrO KpOBoo6paUlelillH, TpY,/\bI V BceCOI03110ro
C"be3,/\a aHaToMoB, rHCTOJIOrOB H 3M6pHOJIOroB (Te3HcbI), 1949, CTp. 86.
III Y M JI H II C K H jj A., 0 CTpoellHH nO'leK, 1782, B KH.: C. JI. C060_1b,
VlCTOpllH MHKpocKona H MIIKpOCKOnH'IeCKHX HCCJIe,/\oBalillu B l-'OCCHH
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HI. e JI K Y II 0 B C. VI., L 'intima des petites arteres et des veines et Ie mesen-
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34!)
I.ll e JI K Y II 0 B C. 11., flporpeccHDlloe H pcrpec IIBlloe pa3BHTlIe KaIlH.'I.iIH-
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51 K Y 6 0 B H 'I H. M., 3a leTKH 0 TOII'laiillleM cTpoeliHIl 'IepellllOro H CIlHH-
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51 K Y 6 0 B H 'I H. /1\., \\ittcilullgen tiber die fcinere Struktur des Gehirns
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51 K Y 6 0 B H 1( H. /1\. II 0 B C H II II H K 0 B «t>. R., Mikroscopische Untersu-
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51 x 0 II T 0 D K. M., K Y'ICIIIIIO 0 xpolllacjJqJIIlllloH CHCTeMe. CTpoeliHe ;\0-
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51 x 0 II T 0 B K. II\., K Y'ICIlIlIO 0 >-pollla( cjJIIIIIIOH CHCTeMe. CTpoeliHe ,/\06a-
BO'llIbIX opraHOB CIIMnaTlI'leCKOrO IICpBa y 'IeJlOBeKa, Ka3allcKIIH Me,/\H-
UIIIICKllii >Kyplla.1, 1913, 13, 4G3 (u).
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