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Peqen3enm: 2J106HblU cnel1UaJlUcm rjJUpMbl "BECJ1,A'
 UHJK:. c.c. K06K06


KpaCHOB 10. C.
K 78 CHcTeMbl BeHTHJIJlUHH H KOH)),HUHOHHpOBaHHJI.
PeKOMeH,lJ,aUHH no npoeKTHpOBaHHIO ,lI;JIJI npOH3BO,ll;CTBeHHbiX
H 0611J,eCTBeHHbix 3,l1;aHHH
MOCKBa:
TexHoc
epa; TepMoKYJI, 2006. - 288c.
ISBN 5-94836-071- 7


CrrpaBOqHOe rroe06He rroeTpoeHO Ha eaMOM cOBpeMeHHoll MeTO,lJ,OTIOrH-
qeeKOH H HopMaTHBHoM 6a3e H npe,lJ,Ha3HaqeHO .lI.TIH errell,HaJIHCTOB, 3aHHMa-
IOI.IJ,HXeH IIIHpOKHM KpyroM BorrpOCOB no rrpoeKTHpOBaHMIO eMeTeM BeHTHTIH-
I.J.HH H KOH,1J,llll,llOHHpOBaHHH B03.lI.yxa, a TaIOKe ):(TIH CT)'.lI.eHTOB eneUHaJIbHbIX
BY30B.
npHBe,lJ,eHbI eBe.n:eHMH 0 BHYTpeHHeM MHKpOKJIHMaTe H HapYXHbIX MeTeo-
pOnOrHqeeKllX yeTIOBMHX, TerrTIOTeXHHqeeKOM paeqeTe Orpa)l(j(alOI.IJ,HX KOHeT-
PYKlI,Hll, eOeTaBJIHIOI.IJ,HX TerrJIOBOrO 6aJIaHea H rroeTpoeHIH1 npOll,eCeOB Ha I-d
.lI.llarpaMMe. npe.lI.JIOXeHa OpllrHHaJIbHali MeTO,lJ,HKa nf.lI.paBTIHqeCKOrO paCqeTa
Tpy6onpOBOll.OB H3 pa3TIHqHbIX MaTeplfaJIOB, npllMeHHeMbIX B CTpOHTeJIbeTBe,
)1JIH JII06bIX TeMnepaTypHbIX peXlfMOB.
PaecMoTpeHbI MeTO)],HKH paCqeTOB Jf pa3JIHqHbIe BapHaHTbI rrpoeKTllpo-
BaHMH CHeTeM BeHTlfJIHlI,HH H KOH)],lfIJ,IlOHMpOBaHllH B03,lJ,yxa C yqeToM TeIIJIO-
YTHTIH3aIJ,lfll, D,bIMOY,lJ,aJIeHHH, pacceHBaHHH BeHTHJIHlI,HOHHblX BbI6poeoB, IIIY-
MornymeHllH D,JIH 3D,aHMll eaMoro pa3JIHQHOrO Ha3HaqeHHH.
noe06He COrrpOBO)l(j(aeTCH 0611IMPHbIM CrrpaBOqHbIM MaTepHaJIOM.


Y)J,K 628.84:664
66K 36.81


(n 2006. "TCPMOKYJI"
(d 2006. lAG" P 11 U "TexHoccPepa", OpHrlfHaJI - MaKeT, ocPopMJIeHlle


ISBN 5-94836-071-7


COAep>KaHlI1e


IIpef];HeJIOBHe .... ....... ..... ... .. ... ..... '" ..... .. .. ..... .. ..... ..... .. ... ... .......... .. ..... .. 5


rJIaBa 1. OeHOBHbIe eBef];eHHH 0 Ha3HaqeHHH eHeTeM
BeHTHJIHlJ,HH H KOH)J;HlJ,HOHHpOBaHHH .................................... 6


rJIaBa 2. Pae'IeTHbIe lIapaMeTpbI HapY:>KHOrO B03f];yxa.
IIapaMeTpbI A H B.............................................................. 8


rJIaBa 3. MHKpOKJIHMaT IIOMellJ,eHHH.
,z::J;olIyeTHMble H OIITHMaJIbHble lIapaMeTpbI ........................... 9


rJIaBa 4.
rJIaBa 5.
rJIaBa 6.
rJIaBa 7.
rJIaBa 8.


TelIJIOTeXHUqeeKHii paeqeT HapY:>KHbIX OrpR)Kf];eHHH............ 11


IIoTepH TelIJIOTbI 'Iepe3 OrpR)Kf];eHHH IIOMellJ,eHHH .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 23


COeTaBJIHlOllJ,He TelIJIOBOrO 6aJ1aHea rrOMellJ,eHHH
rpR)Kf];aHeKHX H 061lJ,eeTBeHHblx 3f];aHHH............................... 34


IIoeTYIIJleHH.sJ BJIarH B IIOMeII..J;eHH5.I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39


i-d-,lI,HarpaMMa BJIR)KHOro B03)J,yxa. TIoeTpoeHHe
oeHOBHbIX npoQeeeoB H3MeHeHHSl eOeT05.lHH.sJ B03f];yxa.
TerrJIOBJIa:>KHOeTHOe OTHOIIleHHe.. ....... ...... .... ..... ... ....... ..... .... 42


rJIaBa 9. PaeqeT B03,lI,yxoo6MeHa B IIOMe:m;eHHH
npH pa60Te BeHTHJISlQHH B TPH nepHof];a rOf];a
H lIoeTpoeHHe IIpolJ,eeeoB Ha i-d- ,lI,HarpaMMe.. . .. . .. . .. . .. . " ... . . . . 47


rJIaBa 10. PaeqeT B03f];yxoo6MeHa B nOMeII..J;eHHH IIO KpaTHoeTH............ 51


rJIaBa 11. PaeqeT B03,lI,yxoo6MeHa B lIoMellJ,eHHH
npH KOH,lI,HlJ,HoHHpoBaHHH. TIpHMeHeHHe
KaMep opoIIleHH.sJ H B03f];YXOOXJIa,LJ;HTeJIeH.
PaeqeT Tpe6yeMblx KOJIH'IeeTB TelIJIOTbI H XOJIof];a................ 52


rJIaBa 12. MHor030HaJIbHble eHeTeMbI KOHf];HlJ,HoHHpoBaHHH B03)J,yxa.
"t.JHJIJIepbI H <paHKoiiJIbI. 3:>KeKlJ,HoHHble )J,OBO)J,'IHKH.
CrrJIHT-eHeTeMbI . . . " . . .... . .. .. . . .. . .. .,. ... . . .. .. . " . .. . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. '" . .. . " . 62


rJIaBa 13. rH;ZJ;paBJIHqeeKHH pae'IeT Tpy6olIpOBOf];OB
)J,JI.sJ BO)J;bI HJIH paeTBopa 9THJIeHrJIHKOJI.sJ
B eHeTeMax e IIpHMeHeHHeM TelIJIOHOeHTeJlll ........................ 66


rJIaBa 14. B03)J,YXOBOf];bI BeHTHJI5.llJ,HOHHbIX eHeTeM .............................. 77


.


rJIaBa 15. MeToMKa a9pof];HHaMHqeeKOrO pae'IeTa B03f];YXOBOf];OB ........ 82





 Cno-'p_,,,,,,,,,,,,


rJIaBa 16. TIo.n;6op BeHTIIJIRIJ,HOHHoro o6opy.n;oBaHII5.I.
A3po.n;IIHaMII'IeeKHe xapaKTepHeTHKH BeHTIIJI5.lTOpOB.
Pae'IeT KaJIOpHq:,epoB.......................................................... 89


n peAII1C1l0BII1e


rJIaBa 29. MeeTHbIe BbIT5.I
HbIe yeTpoiieTBa ............ ......... ..... ..... ... ......189


KorvmaHIHI «TEPMOKYJI» npO,l{OJDIffieT BbIIIYCK JUITepaTypbI H3 IJ;HKJIa cnpaBO
-
HHKOB no npoeKTHpOBaHIUO H 3KCnJIyaTaIJ;HH CHCTeM BeHTIIJUIIJ;HH If KOH;J;HIJ;HOHllpO-
BaHH5I B03)1yxa II XOJIo)l,ocHa6)KeHIl5l. I1pe)l,JIaraeM BaIIIeMY BHllMaHIlIO HOBoe H3)1,aHHe

aCTH KHllrH «CllcTeMbI BeHTHJI5IIJ;1l1l II KOH,LI;IlIJ;IlOHHpOBaHIl5l. PeKOMeH,.!I:au.IIH no rrpo-
eKTHpOBaHllIO, HcnbITaHll5lM H HMa)l,Ke» «<TEPMOKY.Th, 2004 T.), nepepa60TaHHOe
II Jl,OnOJIHeHHOe C y
eToM MeTO)l,OJIOrIIll II HopMaTllBHoH 6a3bI Ha CerOLJ;H5IIIIHllH ,n;eHb.
B KHHre npllBe,n,eHbI 06rn:IIe TeopeTH
eCKlle CBelI,eHH5I no OCHOBaM npoeKTHpoBa-
HH5I H pac
eTaM OCHOBHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB CHCTeM BeHTllJI5IIJ;nH II KOH)I,HIJ;nOHHpOBaHli5J:
B03)1yxa. 113JIo)KeHa opllrIIHaJlbHa51 MeTO)l,nKa TH,LIJ)aBJIH
eCKOro pac
eTa Tpy60npo-
BO).1,OB II3 pa3JIH
HbIX MaTepllaJIOB, npHMeH5IeMbIX B CTpOHTeJIbCTBe C pa3JIll
HbIMH
TenJIO- II XOJIO,n;OHOCHTeJI5IMII (Bo,r.r,a, 3TIIJIeHrJIllKOJIb).
I10,Il,p06HO paccMaTpHBaIOTC5I pa3JIH
Hble BapHaHTbI rrpoeKTllpOBaHH5I II pac
eTa
CHCTeM BeHTllJI5Ill,ll1l II KO
HUlIOHHpOBaHH5I B 3)1,aH1l5lX caMoro pa3JIH
HOrO Ha3Ha
e-
HIl51 - cnopTllBHble 3aJIbI, CTOHHKll JIerKOBbIX aBTOM0611JIefi, cyrrepMapKeTbI, KllHO-
TeaTpbI, 3,n;aHIl51 6aHKOBCKHX y
pe)l(lleHIIfi, 6acceHHbI, rrpe)l,npII5lTH5I 06rn: eCTB eHHoro
nIlTaHIl5l. IIpHBe)l,eHbI MeTO)l,IlKH pac
eTOB TeIIJIOYTllJIH3aTOpOB, )l,bIMOY)l,aJIeHH5I, pac-
ceHBaHH5I BeHTHJI5IIJ;IlOHHbIX BbI6poCOB, MeCTHbIX OTCOCOB, rrHeBMOTpaHcrropTa, TenJIO

Boro II B03)1yIIIHoro 6MaHCOB IJ;eXOB rrpOMbIIIIJIeHHbIX npe)l,rrpH5ITUll H 3a.U..r,HTbI 0'1' rny-
Ma BeHTllJI5Ill,IIOHHbIX YCTaHOBOK. IIpaKTH
ecKIf Bce MeTO).1,IlKM corrpOBmK,lI,aIOTC5I npM-
MepaMIl pac
eTOB M 06IIIHpHbIM cnpaBO
HbIM MaTepHaJIOM.
KOMnaHH5I «TEPMOKYvl» BblpaJKaeT MCKpeHHEOIO 6JIarO)l,apHOCTb aBTOpy HaCTO-
51rn:ell KHllrH - K. T. H. KpaCHOBY lOpIUO CTenaHOBll
y, O)l,HOMY 113 Be)1yrn:HX cneIJ;ua-
JIllCTOB B 06JIaCTil BeHTMJI5Ill,Hll H KOH,n;IlIJ;IlOHllpOBaHH5I B03)1yxa, llMelOrn:eMY 60raTbIll
OIIbIT KaK MHiKeHepa-npoeKTllpOBrn:HKa, TaK II npeno,n;aBaTeJI5I Kacpe,Il,pbI «OTOrrJIeHHe,
BeHTllJI5IIJ;1l51 II KOH)I,IlIJ;HOHHpOBaHMe B03,rryxa» MOCKOBCKoro rOCY).1,apCTBeHHoro CTpO-
llTeJIbHOro YHHBepCllTeTa.
MbI Ha,lI,eeMC5I,
TO HaCT05lrn:ee 113)J;aHHe OKa)KeT cyruecTBeHHYIO nOMorn:b MH)KeHe-
paM-rrpoeKTMpOBrn: llKaM , a TaK)Ke CTY).1,eHTaM crreIJ;naJIbHbIX BY30B B perneHHH 3a.n;aQ
no rrpoeKTllpOBaHIlEO npOH3BO).1,CTBeHHbIX H 06rn:eCTBeHHbIX 3)1,aHllll.


rJIaBa 17. KJIaeelIq:,lIKaIJ,II.H rrpllTO'IHbIX eTPYH.
B03f];yxopacrrpef];eJIlITeJIH 1I MeTOf];IIKa lIX pae'IeTa................ 95


rJIaBa 18. BeHTlIJIRIJ,lllI eTORHOK JIerKOBblX aBTOM0611JIeH ... .......... ........ 101


rJIaBa 19. BeHTlIJIRIJ,lIR 1I KOHf];IIIJ,1I0HlIpOBaHlIe enopTHBHbIX 3aJIOB ...... 106


rJIaBa 20. BeHTHJI5.lIJ,HR cyrrepMapKeToB ... .... ...... ... ................ ..... ... ... ....127


rJIaBa 21. BeHTIIJIRI.J,II5.I KHHOTeaTpOB.... .... ......... ......... .... ..... .... ............ 131


rJIaBa 22. BeHTHJI5.lIJ,IIR 1I KOH.n;lIIJ,HoHlIpoBaHHe
3f];aHHH 6aHKoBeKHx Y'Ipe
f];eHIIH......... ... ...... ......................133


rJIaBa 23. BeHTHJIRIJ,IIR 6aeeeHHoB. ... ... ... ..... ............ ......... ... ....... ... ... ...137


rJIaBa 24. BeHTlIJIRIJ,lI5.1 npe.n;npllRTlIii o6lI.J,eeTBeHHoro nllTaHlI5.I ........... 145


rJIaBa 25. nplIMeHeHlIe TenJIOYTlIJI1I3aTOpOB
e npoMe
YTOqHbIM TenJIOHOellTeJIeM
f];JIR BeHTlIJI5.lIJ,1I0HHbIX elleTeM ............................................. 163


rJIaBa 26. 3KoHoMIIKa elleTeM TrB..................................................... 169


rJIaBa 27. Yf];aJIeHlIe .n;bIMa OT CTORHOK JIerKOBbIX 8BTOM06IIJIeii........... 175


rJIaBa 28. Pae'IeT paCeelIBaH1I5.I BeHTHJI5.lIJ,HOHHbIX BbI6poeoB
B aTMoeq:,epHoM B03,[Q'xe..................................................... 182


rJIaBa 30. TIHeBMaTlI'IeeKlIii TpaHenopT MaTepllaJIOB............................ 204


rJIaBa 31. TenJIOBbIe H B03f];YlliHbIe 6aJIaHebI rOpSl'IIIX IJ,eXOB
rrpOMbIlliJIeHHblX npe.n;npHSlTIIH............................................ 213


rJIaBa 32. 3aIIJ,lITa OT lliYMa BeHTIIJIRIJ,HOHHbIX yCTaHOBOK.................... 218


n pHJIO)l{eHlISI ..................................................................................... 233
JIlITepaTypa .. . . . . . . . .. .... . .. .. . ..... ... . .. . .. . ..... . . . .... ... .. . .. . .. . .. . ., . .... . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . 285




Ha"", ''''" u, C/1'me,'I newII U, lRU,'W " h'OHdn
 UO" II 1'0611" II."



OCHOBHble cBeAeH
R 0 Ha3Ha'-leH


C
CTeM BeHT
llRu.



 KOHA
U.VlOHVlpOBaH
R


rn;e P6ap - 6apOMeTpWleCKoe n;aBneHlle BJIaLKHOro B03,II,yxa, paBHoe CYMMe IIapUllanb-
HbIX )J;aBneHllH cyxoro B03,il.}'xa PC.B. II BO,LJ;51Horo IIapa Prr' HOpl\1aJIbHOe 6apOMeTpWle-
CKoe ,LI,aBneHHe P6ap = 101,325 Kiia.
PaCqeTHOe 6apOMeTpllqeCKOe n;aBneHHe
nR pa3llHqHMX ropO
OB POCCllH )J;aHO
B [26]. )J.:JI5I 110CKBbI OHO COCTaB.JI5IeT 99,5 Kiia.
llapll..llaJIbHOe ,n:aBlleHlle HaCbIIll,eHHoro BOMHoro IIapa 3aBllCllT TOllbKO 0'1' TeMIIe-
paTypbI (<popMy."Ia cDHllbHe5I):


rllABA I


156+8.12t
Prr.H. = 133,3 . 10
, ITa


(1.3)


KJIaeeHqm:KaLJ;IHI elieTeM. CHcTeMbI BeHTllJI5Ill..llll II KOH,II,llll..llOHllpOBaHII51 IIpe,II,Ha-
3HaqeHbI )J;JI5I ,n;BYX n;eneM.
1. C03,lJ,aHlle ,n;OIIycnnvIbIX IWll OIITllMa."IbHbIX YC.i10BHM (IIO BbI60py 3aKa3qllKa
IT CHIIIIoB) MHKpOKllIIMaTa B IIOMeIll,eHII5IX, IIpe,II,Ha3HaQeHHbIX ,II,JI5I rrpe6bIBaHII5I pa-
60TalOIll,HX HJIH OT,II,bIxalOIll,llX B HllX .JI1O,II,eH.
2. C03)J;aHHe Tpe6yeMbIx YCJIOBHH MllKpOK.TIHMaTa )],JI51 npOBe,II,eHmI TeXHOJIOrHQe-
CKliX IIpOIl,eCCOB C MllHllMaJIbHbIM KO.TIHQeCTB01\I 6paKa.
CHcTeMbI BeHTll.TI5IIl,lIll ,II,.JI5I 06Ill,eCTBeHHbIx H rpmK,n;aHCKHX 3,lJ,aHHH KJIaCcH<pHIl,H-
PYIOT IIO <PYHKIl,lIoHa.'1bHoMY Ha3HaQeHHIO.
1. IT PllTOQHbIe cHcTeMbI, IIO)J,alOIll,He Hapy"m:HbIH OQlIIIl,eHHbIH II IIO.II,OrpeTbIH (B xo-
."lO,II,HbIM rreplIO,II, rO)J,a) B03,LI,yx B pa60QYIO 30HY nOMell
eHHM, B 30HY }KH3He,II,e5lTeJIbHO-
CTII J"lIO,lJeM.
2. BbIT5I)KHbIe CHCTeMbI, y,Ll,amllOIll,lIe oTpa60TaHHbIM YBJIa)KHeHHbIM B03..'\.VX ll3 J\Ie-
CTa ero CKOnJIeHll5I, 06bIQHO ll3 BepXHeH 30HbI nOJ\IemeHIIH.
3. Pel
lIpKYJ151Il,HOHHMe ClICTeMbL Hcno."Ib3YIOlll,lIe B03,il.YX nOMeIlJ,eHH5I IIOBTOpHO
nOJIHOCTblO HJ1H QaCTIIQHO ,LI,JI5I COKpaIll,eHH5I 3aTpaT Ha OXJIa)K,II,eHHe (B TeIIJIbIH nepllO)J;
rO,II,a) HJIH HarpeB (B nepeXO,II,HbIX YCJIOBH5IX H B X0J10)l;HbIH rrepHO,II,).
OeHoBHbIe rrapaMeTpbI BJI<DKHOrO B03.ZJ;yxa. COcToRHHe BJIa)KHOrO B03,II,yxa
orrpe,Ll,e.JIReTCR cOBoKyrrHocTblO rrapaMeTpOB: Tel\ilIIepaTypoM B03,Dyxa t B , OTHOCHTeJlb-
HOH BJIa}KHOCTblO !.fJB (%), CKOpOCTblO ,II,Bll)KeHll5I B03,Llyxa VB (M / C), KOHIl,eHTpaIIHeM
Bpe,lJ,HbIX npIIMecen C (1\lr 11\1 3 ), B.JIarOCO/l,ep)KaHHeM d (r i Kr), y,z1;e
"lbHOH 3HTaJIbIIHen
i (K.II;}K..! Kr), IIJIOTHOCTblO p (Kr / M 3 ) .
OTHOCHTeJ"lbHaR B.JIa)KHOCTb 'P B .II,OJ'I5IX e,LJ,HHHll,b! lIJIII B rrpou.eHTax IIOKa3bIBaeT
CTeneHb HaCbIlll,eHHOCTI1 B03,II,yxa BO,II,5IHbIMll napaMH no OTHOllIeHHIO K COCT05lHllIO nOJI-
IIoro naCbIIll,eHH5I II paBHa OTHOllIeHl11O ,LI,aBJIeHHR Prr BO)J,RHoro napa B HeHaCbIIIl,eHHOM
Bna)KHOJ\I B03.IIYxe K napUHa.J1bHOMY ,n:aBJ'IeHlllO Prr.H. BO,II,RHoro napa B HaCbIIlJ,eHHOM
BJIa)KHOM H03/l,yxe rrpH OlI,HOM H TOM )Ke Te1\mepaType:


Y,n:eJIbHYIO 3HTaJIbIIlIIO BJIa}KHOrO B03,II,Yxa i (K
)J( / Kr) onpe)J,eJI51IOT KaK CYMJ\1Y
y,n;eJIbHbIX 311TaJIbIIHll cyxoro B03,II,yxa H BO)J;5IHOrO napa:


i = C B t + (T + Crr t) d . 10 - 3 ,


(1.4 )


r,II,e C B - YlI,eJIbHa5£ TeIIJIOeMKOCTb cyxoro B03,II,yxa, paBHa5I 1,005 K,LI,}K/ (Kr. °C), Crr -
y,n:e.JIbHa51 TeIIJIOeMKOCTb BO)J;51Horo napa, paBHa51 1,8 K,LI,)K/ (Kr. °C), r - y)J;eJIbHa51 Ten-
JIOTa IIapo06pa30BaHH51, paBHa51 2500 KlJ,)f(/Kr.
Be.TJHqI1HbI C B II Crr MO)KIJO C"<fHTaTb IIOCT051HHbIMI1 B ,lJ,Hana30He TeMrrepaTYP, xa-
paKTepHbIx ,II,J'IR BeHTHll5IIl,HOHHbIX rrpOI
eCCOB.


i = 1,005t t- (2500 + 1,8t) d. 10- 3


(1.5)


IT.TJOTIIOCTb B03,!J,yxa (Kr/
13) npl1 1I0pMaJIbHOM 6apOMeTpHQeCKOM ,II,aBJIeHHH:


353
P = 273 + t .


P
'P =
 . 100%
Prr.H.


(1.1)


B.JIarOCOJl,ep}KaHHe -- ':}TO Macca BOl{5£HbIX IIapOB; OTHeCeHHa5I K e)J;HHHIl,e MaCCbI
cyxoro B03,LI.yxa (r /Kr):


d = 622
P6ap - Prr


Prr


HJIH


d = 622 <P Prr.H.
P6ap - 'P Prr.H.


(1.2)




rllABA 2


r I1ABA 3


PaCyeTHble napaMeTpbl
HapY>KHOrO B03Ayxa.
napaM€Tpbl A lt1 6


MV1KpOKJlIt1MaT nOMeL.4eHIt1L11.
.LJ.onycTIt1Mble It1 OnTIttMaJlbHble
napaMeTpbl


TIepHO,lJ,hI rO,lJ,a. ITapaMeTpbI HapY)KHOrO B03AYxa ,n;mI )fUlJIbIX, o6:rn;eCTBeHHbIX, a,n;-
MllHllCTpaniBHo-6bITOBbIX II npOll3Bo.n;CTBeHHbIX rrOMe:rn;eHllH rrpllHllMIOT rro KJIllMa-
T:WIeCKllM .n;aHHbIM [26]. TIpll paCT..JeTe BeHTllJI5IIUIll paCCMaTpHBaIOT TPII paeT..JeTHbIX
rrepIIo.n;a ro.n;a: TerrJIblH, rrepeXO)I,HbI.ll II XOJIO)I,HbI.ll. TerrJIbIH rrepno,n; xapaKTepll3YIOT
3HaT..JeHII£ Cpe,lI,HeeYTOT..JHOH TeMrrepaTypbI HapY)KHOrO B03AYxa 60JIee +10° C, rrepe-
XO,n;HbI.ll - OKOJIO + 1 0° C, XOJIO.n;HbIH
 MeHee + 1 0° C.
TIapaMeTpbJ HapY)KHOrO B03AYxa B rrepeXO,lI,HbIll rrepllo,n; rrpllHHMalOT O,lI,llHa-
KOBbIMll .n;JI5I BCe.ll TeppllTopllH cTpaHbI: TeMrrepaTypa B03,LI"yxa +10° C, 3HTaJIb-
rrlI5I 26,5 K,lI,)K/Kr [30]. 3HaT..JeHll51 6apOMeTpllT..JeCKOrO ,n;aBJIeHll5l, TeMrrepaTypbI,
3HTaJIbrrllll B03AYxa II paCT..JeTHO.ll CKOpOCTll BeTpa rrpllHllMalOT IIO [26], 3HaT..JeHH5I
OCTaJIbHbIX rrapaMeTpOB orrpe,n;eJI5IIOT rro i-d-,n;llarpaMMe. PaCT..JeTHbI€ rrapaMeTpbI
HapY)KHOrO B03,n,yxa ,lI,JI.H OT.n;eJIbHbIX perllOHOB orrpe,lJ,eJIeHbI B HopMaTllBHOM ,n;OKY-
MeHTe [30]. B 3aBliCHMOCTH OT Ha3HaT..JeHll51 rrpoeKTllpyeMO.ll CllCTeMbI napaMeTpbI
TerrJIOro II XOJIo,n;Horo rrepHo.n;OB rOjJ;a pa3,n:eJIeHbI Ha rpyrrrrbI A H B:
- IIapaMeTpbI A npHMeH.HIOTC.H .n;JI.H paCT..JeTa CHCTeM BeHTllJI.HlI,Hll H B03AYIIIHoro
AYIlIHpOBaHll.H B TelIJIbIH nepllO,n; rOLI;a;
- IIapaMeTpbI B )I,aHbI )I,JI.H CIiCTeM paCT..JeTa OTOIIJIeHll.H, BeHTllJI5IlI,HH, B03AYillHoro
AYIIIHpOBaHH5I II KOH)J,HlJ,I10HHpOBaHll.H B XOJIO,n;HbI.ll rrepHO,n; ro,n;a II cnCTeM KOH,lJ,HlI,llO-
HHpOBaHll51 B TenJIbIH rrepllO)I, rO,lJ,a.
HanplIMep, )J;JI5I yeJIOBHH MocKBbI peKOMeH)J,OBaHbI CJIeAYIO:rn;lle paCT..JeTHbIe IIapa-
MeTpbI HapY)KHOrO B03AYxa [26]:
B, XOJIO,1J;HbIll rrepHO)J;:
t
92 = -28° C; 'PH = 84%; CKOpOCTb BeTpa 4,7 M/C.
A, TeIIJIbIH rrepMO)I,:
t
95 = 22,6° C; TenJIOco)J;ep)fffiHlle iA = 50,5 K,I:()K/Kr; paCT..JeTHa5I CKopoeTb BeT-
pa 1 M/C.
B, TerrJIbIH rrepno,n;:
t
99 = 26,3° C; TerrJIOco,n;ep)fffiHlIe i B 54,7 K,lI)K/Kr; paCT..JeTHa.H CKOpOCTb BeT-
pa 1 M/C.


MHKpoKJ
HMaT rrOMeIlJ,eHllH xapaKTepll3YlOT TPH OCHOBHbIX rrapaMeTpa:
- TeMrrepaTypa BHYTpeHHero B03AYxa: tint, t H (OC);
- OTHOCHTeJIbHa.H BJIa)KHOCTb: 'Pint, 'PH' (%);
- IIO,n;BH)KHOCTb (CKOpOCTb): V
nt, VB' (M/C).
,lI,pyrne rrapaMeTpbI orrpe)J;eJI5IIOT IIO i-d- )J,HarpaMMe BJIa)KHOrO B03AYxa.
3HaqeHH5J OCHOBHblX IIOKa3aTeJIeH HOPMllPYIOT rOCTbI [10], [11] 11 KOHKpeTll311-
PYIOT, B 3aBHCllMOCTH OT Bll,lI,OB 3,lI,aHHH, COOTBeTCTBYIOIUIIe CHHTIbI, CTpOMTeJIbHbIe
HOpMbI H rrpe)J,IIleCTBYIO:rn;HH OIIbIT (rrpllJIO)KeHH5I 1, 2, 3).
ITapaMeTpbI MHKpOKJIllMaTa, YKa3aHHbIe B rrpHJIO)KeHll.HX, OTHOC5JTC5I K pa60QeH
30He rrOMeIll,eHll.ll. Pa60'lfeH 30HOH Ha3bIBaJOT npOCTpaHCTBO BbICOTO.ll 2 M (1,5 M, eCJIH

'IIO,n;H eH,IJ:51T) Ha.n, ypOBHeM IIOJIa HJIH pa60'lfeH IIJIo:rn;a,n;KH, Ha KOTOpbIX Haxo,n;5ITCR
MeeTa rrOCTO.HHHOro lIJIH BpeMeHHoro rrpe6bIBaHH.H J
IO,n;eH.
B COOTBeTCTBHH C HopMaMH rHrHeHbI rrapaMeTpbI BHYTpeHHero MHKpOKJIIIMaTa
pa3,lI,eJI.HIOT Ha ,n;orrYCTHMbIe H orrTHMam:.HbIe.
,D,orrYCTHMbIe rrapaMeTpbI (06R3aTeJIbHbIe) - 3TO eOT..JeTaHlie rrOKa3aTeJIe.ll MHKpO-
KJUIMaTa, KOTopbIe rrpM ,lI,JIHTeJIbHOM H CHCTeMaTH'lfeCKOM B03,l.1,eHCTBHH Ha qeJIOBeKa
MorYT BbI3bIBaTb rrpeXO)J;5IIlJ,He II 6bICTpO HOpMaJIll3YIOIlJ,lleC.H H3MeHeHll.H TerrJIOBOro
COCT05lHH.SI opraHH3Ma, COrrpOBO)K,lI,aIOIUHeC5I Harrp.H)KeHHeM MexaHll3MOB TepMopery-
JI5JlI,Hll, He BbIXO,l..l;.SI:rn;HM 3a rrpe,n;eJIbI <pH3HOJIOrHqeCKHX rrpHcrroco6HTeJIbHbIX B03MO)K-
HOCTeH. IIpH 3TOM He B03HHKaeT lIOBpe>K,1I,eHH.ll HJIH HapYIIIeHHH COeTO.HHIl5J 3,n;OpOBb5J,
HO MorYT Ha6mo,lI,aTbC5I LI;HCKOM<popTHbIe TeIIJIOOIIJ,yIl
eHII5J, YXy,n;rueHHe CaMOqYBCTBHR
H rrOHH)KeHIfe pa60TOCIIoco6HoeTH.
OrrTHMaJIbHbIe rrapaMeTpbI (peKOMeHAYeMbIe) - 3TO COqeTaHHe rrOKa3aTeJIeii MHK-
pOKJIHMaTa, KOTopble rrpH .n;JIHTeJIbHOM B03)I,eHeTBHll Ha qeJ
OBeKa 06eCrreT..JllBalOT eo-
xpaHeHHe HOpMaJIbHOrO TerrJIOBOrO COCTO.HHH5J opraHH3Ma 6e3 Harrp.H)KeHH.H MexaHH3-
MOB TepMoperYJI51L{HH. C06mO,lI,eHHe OrrTHMaJIbHbIX rrapaMeTpOB 06eCrre'lfHBaeT OIIJ,y-
:rn;eHHe TerrJIOBoro KOM<popTa H C03)I,aeT rrpe.n;rrOCbIJIKH ,n;JI5J BbICOKoro YPOBH5I pa60TO-
crroco6HOCTH. TIapaMeTpbI B03AYxa B rrpe,n;e.rrax OIITHMaJIbHbIX HOpM YCTaHaBJIllBaJOT
TaK)Ke B CJIyqaRX 06eCrreqeHH.H Tpe6yeMoro TeXHOJ
orMqeCKOrO rrpOll,ecca, B.'IH.HIOIUero
Ha KaT..JeCTBO 113rOTaBJTl1BaeMOH rrpOJIyKUHH.
KaK rrpaBHJIO, rrOMep)KaHlIe .n;orrYCTMMbIX napaMeTpOB 06eClIeT..JIIBaJOT CIICTeMbI
BeHTllJIRL{HH, OrrTHMaJIbHbIX - CHCTeMbI KOH)J;HL{HOHllpOBaHH.H B03AYxa.
MeTeOYCJIOBIl5J B 06eJIY)KHBael\.lOll 30He rrOMeIIJ;eHHH )KHJIbIX 3.n;aHHH H 06Il1,e)KHTHH
.n;aHbI B npHJIO)KeHHH 1, o6IuecTBeHHblx 3.n;aHHH - B rrpMJIO)KeHHII 2.





 r: '''60 ./. .\IUKpOK HI." nm "0.,, 'U\' H U iJ. -10 n !Ie'" 'L" "". 0 onm ,"""'u,,, '" [ ""/xc" e '" p"


)J,orrYCTHMbIe H OrrTHMaJIbHbIe rrapaM€TpbI MHKpOKJIHMaTa B rrpOH3BO,l],CTBeHHbIx
rroMeIIJ,eHH.HX YKa3aHbI B rrpHJIO)K€HHH 3, B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT T.H)KeCTH pa6oT, p33rpaHH-
'-I€HHhIX no KaTerOpH.HM B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT 3H€pr03aTpaT opraHll3Ma (rrpHJIO)KeHHe 4).
OrrTHMaJIbHbIe rrOKa3aTeJIli rrpHMeH.HIOT KO Bcell pa60'-IeH 30He, a ,l],OrrYCTHMbIe rrOKa3a-
TeJ
H yeTaHaBJUmalOT HH)];HBll,Ll,yaJ1bHO ,l],JI.H IIOCTO.HHHbIX llJIH HerrOCTO.HHHbIX pa60'-IliX
MeCT B 3aBHCliMOCTli OT T.H)KeCTIi pa60TbL
B03MO)KHa '-IaCTllQHa.H llJIH rrOJIHa5I 3aM€Ha 3Ha'-IeHHH paC'-IeTHbIX rrapaMeTpOB, co-
oTBeTcTBYIOIIJ;HX HopMHpyeMbIM ,lIOrrYCTHMbIM B€JIH'-IHHaM, Ha 3Ha'-IeHH.H OrrTHMaJIbHbIX
BeJ
H'-IHH npll 3KOHOMH'-IeCKOM 060cHoBaHHll TaKOH 3aMeHbI.
MaKCHMaJIbHbIe BeJIll'-IHHbI CKOpOCTH ,LI,Bll)K€HH.H V x (M/C) II TeMrrepaTypbI (OC)
rrpllTOQHOrO B03,nyxa B,l],OJIb OCll CTPYH rrpll BXO,l],e ee B pa60'-IYIO HJIll 06CJIY)KHBaeMYIO
30H)T rrOMeIIJ,eHll.H OrpaHlI"IeHbI ,l.I,OnyeTHMbIMll 3Ha'-IeHll5IMH [30]


r I1ABA 4


T enJlOTeXH
'-teCK&t1L11 paC'-feT
HapY>KHbIX orpa>KAeH&t1L11


V x = kv B ,


(3.1)


TenJIOTeXHH'-IeCKHH paC'-IeT He06xO,Ll,HM ,LI,JI5I C06JIIO,l.I,eHH.H Tpe60BaHHll no TenJIOBOll
3a:llJ,HTe 3,L1,aHH5I rrYTeM 06eCrre'f€Hll5I HopMHpyeMbIx 3Ha'-IeHHH corrpOTllBJIeHll.H TerrJIO-
ne;;e)];a'-I€ Rreq ((M 2 .oC)/BT) orpa)K)];alOIIJ,llX KOHCTPYKIJ,llll (f27], Ta6,,'1. 4).
OCHOBHbI€ HCXO,Ll,HbIe ,l],aHHbIe ,LI,JI5I paC'-IeTa - rpa,Ll,yeo-eYTKll OTOnHTeJIbHOro II€-
pllO)];a B paHoHe cTpollTeJ
beTBa,1l,d (OC . CYT).
H
)Ke ,lJ,aHa rrOeJIe,Ll,OBaTeJIbHOCTb TeIIJIOTeXHH'-IeCKOrO paC'-IeTa HapY)KHbIX orpa}K-
,l],eHllH 3)J,aHH.H crropTllBHoro KOMIIJIeKca.
1. KpaTKa5I xapaKTepHeTHKa 06'beKTa.
KopT Me)K,lIyHapO,Ll,HOro KJIaeCa co BTOpbIM CBeTOM. 3,L1,aHHe KpbIToro TeHHHCHoro
KO
Ta 2-3Ta)KHOe, C TeXHll'-I€CKHM 3Ta)KOM II IIO,lJ,3eMHOH aBTOCTOBHKOH. 06'beM Hapym:-
HOH '-IaCTll3)];aHll5I V = 16200 M 3 , IIJIOIlJ,a)J,b 3aCTpOllKll1400 1'.1 2 . MeCTO CTpOHTeJIbCTBa
06'beKTa - ropo,l], KopoJIeB rvlocKoBCKOH 06JIaCTH.
2. MeTeOpOJIOrll'-I€CKHe YCJIOBll5I MeCTHOCTH [26].
XOJIO,n;HhIH rrepno;::t; (XII):
- TeMIIepaTypa HaH60J
ee XOJIO,l],HOH rr.HTH,JJ;HeBKI1, 06eCrreQeHHOCTblO 0,92
text = -28° C;
- OTHOCHTeJIbHa5I BJIa)KHOCTb (cpe,l],H5I5I MeC5I'-IHa5I) 'PH = 84%;
-- cpe,lJ,HB5I TeMrrepaTypa OTOIIllTeJIbHOrO nepllO,l],a tht = -3,1 ° C;
-- IIpO,1J,OJI)KHTeJ
bHOCTb OTOrrHTeJIbHOro II€pHO)];a Zht = 214 CYTOK;
- MaKCllMaJIbHa5I H3 cpe,l],HHX CKopocTell BeTpa rro PYM6aM 3a .HHBapb VB = 4,9 M/C.
TerrJIhIH rrepno,n; (TII): I
lIapaMeTpbI A ,n;.'1.H paC'feTa BeHTHJI5IIJ;HH:
TeMrr€paTypa B03,Dyxa, o6eCrreQeHHOCTblO 0,95
text,A = 22,6° C;
- y,n;eJIbHa.H 3HTaJIbIIHB i = 48,4+52,6 = 50 5 IT / .
2 , K,L-J,)K! Kr,
-- CKOpOCTb BeTpa 'l!e = 1 M/C.
llapaMeTpbI B ,lIJ1.H paCQeTa KOII,LI,HIJ;HoHHpOBaHH5I:
- TeMrrepaTypa B03,nyxa 06eCIIeQeHHOCTbIO 0,99
text,B = 26,3° C;

- Y,l],eJIbHa5I 3HTaJIblIll5I i = 52,6+56,8 = 5 4 7 IT / .
2 , Kf--l,)K, Kr,
-- CKOpOCTb BeTpa VB = 1 M/C;
- cpe,Ll,H5I5.I cYTO'-IHa5.I a],"fITJIllTY,l],a TeMrrepaTypbI B03,l],yxa At = 16,0° C.
IIepexo,n;Hhle yeJIOBIUI ([30]) text,A = 10° C; i ext = 26,5 K)J,)K/Kr.


rrpH BOCrrOJIHeHllH He,l],OCTaTKOB TerrJIOTbI


t x = t B + f:J.t l ,


(3.2)


IIPH aCCHMH.'15III.HH 1136bJTKOB TerrJIOTbI


t x = t B - f:J. t 2,


(3.3)


r,n;e V x , t B - COOTBeTCTBeHHO HopMHpyeMbIe CKOpOCTb ,l],Bll)KeHH5I H TeMrrepaTypa B03-
.n,yxa B 06CJIY2KHBaeMOll 30He llJIH Ha pa60QHX MeCTax, k - K03<P<PHIJ;HeHT, CBR3bIBa-
IOll
Hi1 HoprvmpY€MYIO CKOpOCTb ,n;BH)KeHll.H B03,l],yxa B rrOMeIIJ,eHHH H MaKCHMaJIbHYIO
CKOpOCTb B cTpye [30], f:J.t}, f:J.t 2 - ,nprrycTllMbIe OTK.'10HeHll5I OT HopMHpyerviOH T€M-
IIepaTypbI B03,rr,yxa B rrpHTOQHOll cTpye [30].
IIpH paC'-IeTe BeHTHJI5III.Hll B rrOMeIIleHHll C H36bI'I'KaMI1 TeIIJIOTbI B KaQeCTBe pae-
QeTHOH TeMrrepaTypbI BHYTpeHHero B03,nyxa rrpllHHMalOT ee 3HaQeHI15.I B XOJIO)];HbIH
11 rr€peXO,l],HbIll rrepllOII,bL
IIpH paCQ€Te KOH,n;llI
HOHHpOBaHH5.I B XOJIO,1J,HbIll rrepHO,l], IJ;eJIeC006pa3Ho UPI1HH-
MaTb YCJIOBH5I MaKCllMaJIbHOH HarpY3KH rro OIITlnvlaJ
bHOll TeMrrepaType BHYTpeHHero
B03,II,Yxa, a YCJIOBH5.I MMHllrvmv'IbHOH HarpY3KH - no OTHOCHTeJlbHOH B.'1a)KHOCTH r..pB =
=30%.
B TerrJIbIH rrepHO/l, rO,l],a KOH.IJ;HIJ;HOHHpOBaHHe paCC(.:IHThIBalOT rrpll YCJIOBHH rvmKcM-
MaJIbHOH pa3HOCTM TeMrrepaTYP HaPY)KHOrO II BJI,vTpeHHero B03.rryxa He 60JIee 6° C--
,n;JI5I npe,lJ,OTBpaIIJ;eHll5I rrpocTy,n;HbIX 3a60JIeBaHJ1i1. OTHOCHT€JIbHa5I BJ
a2KHOCTb BHYT-
peHHero B03.rryxa IIOMeIlJ,eHHH BO BJIa2KHOll II HOpMaJIbHOH KJIMMaTH'-IeCKHX 30Hax
,n;OJI2KHa 6bITb 6JIll3Ka K HaH60JIbIIIeMY OrrTHMaJIbHoMY 3Ha'-IeHlllO 'PB = 60% ,l],JI5I
BJIa)KHOH H Hoprvm.'1bHOll 30HbI KJIllMaTa ([27], rrpllJIO)KeHHe B).


Cpe,n;HeMeeHQHhIe TeMIIepaTyphI B03;::t;yxa
5I <p M a M H H a C 0
H 11
-10,2 -9,2 -4,3 4,4 11,9 16,0 18) 16,3 10,7 4,3 -1,9 -7,3




b I'."U"O 4 Ten.un",',,,,.u",,,,,"Ui' pac',wl HUpY:>lCHUX o<pa,)K'(!n",il


Tm,'omeX"U
CCK"" pac',em HapljJICHUX Olpa:>ICJCHUU



3. fIapaM€TpbI BHYTp€HHerO B03,1I,yxa rrpHHHMalOT no faCT 30494-96 (npHJImK€-
HH€ 2.) IIOM€IIJ,€Hll51 ,n;JI5I 3aH5ITHH rro,n;Bll)KHbIMH Bll,n;aMli cnopTa OTHOC5IT K nOM€Il
€-
H1l5lM 4-H KaT€rOpHli.
XOJIO,lJ,HhIU rrepHOp;
OnTliMaJIbHbI€ YCJ
OBll51 tint = 17. . .19° C; 'PH = 45. . .30%.
)J,onYCTllMbI€ YCJIOBH5I tint = 15 . . . 21 ° C; 'PH (; 60%.
B CnpaBO"9:HOM noc06HH K CHHfI IIO cnopTllBHbIM 3aJ
aM [23] )J,aHbI CJI€,nyIOIUll€ P€-
KOM€H,LLall,llll: B CIiOpTllBHbIX 3aJIaX C M€CTaMli ,n;JI5I 800 II M€H€€ 3pHTeJI€H B XOJIO,IIHbIH
n€pllO,LJ; tint = 18° C, 'PH = 30. . .60%.
fIo,LJ;a"9:a HapY)KHOrO B03,nyxa ,n;0JI)KHa coeTaB3UITb H€ M€H€€ 80 M 3 / q ,LJ;JI5I O,::I;HOrO
CIiOpTCM€Ha II H€ M€He€ 20 M 3 /q ,n;JI5I O,LJ;Horo 3PHT€JIfi.
)J,mI T€nJIOT€XHlIq€CKOrO paCq€Ta npllH5ITO tint = 18° C, 'PH = 50%.
4. KOHCTPYKII,ll5I HaPY)KHOH CT€HbI (pIIC. 4.1).
IIoKa3aT€JIb T€nJIorrpOBO,LJ;HOCTH MaT€pllaJIOB 3aBliCIIT OT YCJIOBliH 3KCIIJIyaTaI
IUI
HapY)KHbIX orpa)K,II.€HllH (A Il.'IH B).


Ta6JIllu,a 4.1


N
 HaHMeHoBaHHe TOJI- TIJIOT- K03cPcPHlJ;HeHT K03cPcPHlJ,HeHT rra-
CJIo- IUHHa HOCTh TerrJIOrrpOBO
HoCTH porrpoHHlJ,aeMOcTll
eB MaTepHaJIOB b, MM p, Kr/M 3 A, BT/(M'oC) J..t, Mr/(M . q. TIa)
1 PacTBop 20 1600 0,81
H3BeCTKOBD-- rreCqaHbIH 0,12
KHpnH'IHa5I KJIa,LI,Ka H3
2 06hIKHoBeHHoro r JIHHHHD-- 250 1800
ro KHprrll'Ia Ha lJ,eMeHTHD-- 0,81 0,11
rreC'IaHOM paCTBope
3 TIeHOrrOJIl-rcTHPOJI cPHPMhI b3 28 0,03 0,013
BACC1) CTHpO,D,yP 2800C
4 KJIa
Ka H3 rrYCToTHoro Ke- 130 1400 0,58 0,14
paMH'IeCKoro KHprrll'Ia
5 PacTBop 20 1800 0,93 0,09
u;eMeHTHD-- rreCqaHhIH


2


3


4


5


T€pMw:leCKO€ COIIpOTHBJ
€Hll€ HaPY)KHbIX CT€H


Rreq = 0,0003 X 4515 + 1,2 = 2
56 (M 2 .oC)/BT,


(4.2)


IIOI<pbITHH II nep€KpbITIIH 1I0,n, IIpO€3,n;aMH


Rreq = 0,0004 X 4515 + 1,6 = 3.41 (M 2 .oC)/BT,


(4.3)


OKOH H BIITpa)K€H:


Rreq = 0,0005 X 4515 + 1.3 = 0:423 (M 2 .oC)/BT.


(4.4)


20


250


Oyr


130


20


IIpHB€,n;€HHO€ T€pMlrq€CKO€ COlipOTHBJI€HH€ MO)KHO orrpe,n;€JIIITb no <POpl\IYJI€
Rreq = R'b cn X r,


(4.5)


PIIC. 4.1. Pa.3pe3 HapY>KHOH CTeHhI: t B -- TeMnepaTypa BHYTpeHHero B03,LJ,yxa, t H - Tel>IIIepa-
Typa HapYMHoro B03.D,yxa, OYT - TOJIIUHHa YTenJIHTeJI5I


R YC.II
r,n;€ 0 -- YCJIOBHO€ T€pl\fIIqeCKO€ COrrpOTIIBJ
€Hll€ KOHCTPYKll,HH C Y"9:€TOM T€IIJIOlIpO-
BOJJHblX 3JI€M€HTOB. r - K03<p<pMll,1l€HT T€IIJIOTeXHlIq€CKOH OJJHOpOLJ;HOCTH, r = 0,84.
));.n5I OKOHHbIX OTKOCOB r = 0,9.
06Ill,IIH K03<P<PIIll,H€HT T€nJIOT€XHMq€CKOH O,n;HOpO,n;HOCTII:


MOCKOBCKRH 06JIaCTb paCIIOJImK€Ha B 30H€ HOpMaJIbHOH BJIa)KHOCTII [26}. Ilpn
CP€)J,H€H tint = 18° C, '-PB = 50% pe)KIIM 3Kcrr.nyaTaIJ,IIII IIOM€IIJ,€HIIH - HOpMaJIb-
HbIH ([26}).
YCJIOBII5I 3KCIIJIyaTall,llH HapY)KHbIX orpa)K,1I,€HIIH COOTB€TCTBYIOT YC.JIOBll5IM B [26].
T€mIOT€XHII"9:eCKII€ nOKa3aT€JIll MaT€pIIa.nOB HapY)KHOH CT€HbI CB€.n;€HbI B Ta6,,'1. 4.1.
5. PaC"9:€T npllB€)J,€HHOrO T€PMIP-I€CKOrO corrpoTIIBJI€HIIR orpa.lK,LI,alOIIJ,lIX KOHCTPYKI.I,IIii.
rpa,llj'CO-CYTKII OTOnHTeJIbHOrO rr€pllo,n;a )J,d:


T = 0,84 X 0,9 = 0,756.


YCJIOBHO€ T€PMII"9:€CKO€ corrpOTllBJI€HII€ HapY)KHOH CT€HbI ,n;OJI)KHO 6bITb H€ MeH€€:


R'b cn = Rreq/,r = 2,56/0,756 = 3,39 (M 2 .oC)/BT.


(4.6)


)J,d = (tint -tht) X Zht,


(4.1)


PaCq€THOe TepMH"9:eCKO€ COnpOTHBJI€J-Ill€ C.n051 YT€nJIllTeJIR:
R YT = Rb cn - (R B + Rl + R 2 + R4 + R5 -t R H ) =
_ R ycn ( 1 lh 62 64 8 5 1 )
- 0 - -+-+-+-+-+-
O'B Al A2 A4 A5 O'H
= 3 39 _ (
 0,02 0.25 0,13 0,02
 ) _ 2. °
, 8.7 I 0.81 + 0,81 + 0,58 + 0,93 + 23 - 2,65 (M C)/BT.


)lJIfI HapY)KHbIX orpa)K,n;€HIIM:


,.];d = [(18 - (-3.1)] X 214 = 4515° C . CYT.


PaCq€THO€ Tp€6Y€MO€ T€PMII"9:€CKO€ corrpOTHBJI€HMe Rreq YKa3aHO B npllJIO)K€HIIH 19.





 1.'46a 4. Ie 1/.'10 mo." "-II "a
 "" p"'- 'II In napYJIC /I "if 021"'. Hedn w il


Ie n.lmn,' xu ""ec
"u pac'IIrn narY.He" U.r 02{iQ'ffl,dt' " 1<11



PaCqeTHa5I TOJIIIJ;llHa YTeIIJIIITeJI5I:


rpaHllllbI Me)K)Iy CJI05IMll 3 11 4:


8 YT = R YT X A YT = 2,65 X 0,03 = 0,079 M,


(4.7)


(
 + 0,02 + 0,25 + 0,08 ) X 0 756
t = 18 - 46 8,7 0,81 0,81 0,03 ' = -24 1 ° C.
3 257 ' ,
,


rrpllH5ITa TOJIIUllHa YTerrJIllTeJI}I 8 YT = 0,08 M.
<DaKTlIqeCKOe TepMHqeCKOe eorrpOTIIBJIeHlIe rJIaMf HapY:>KHOM CTeHbI:


Me:>K,llj' CJI05IMH 4 11 5:


( 1 8 8 8 8 1 ) 0 08
R
 - - +
 +
 +
 +
 + - = 0,737 + 2- = 3,40 (M 2 .oC)/BT. (4.8)
0'8 Al A3 A4 A5 O'H 0,03


( 1 0,02 0,25 0,08 0,13 ) 0 756
-+-+-+-+- X ,
t = 18 - 46 8,7 0,81 0,81 0,03 0,58 . = -272° C.
4 2,57 ' ,


ITplIBe,n;eHHoe TepMHqeCKOe eorrpOTIIBJIeHlle:


R
pIi8. = Rt X r = 3,40 x 0,756 = 2,57 (M 2 .oC)/BT.


HapY:>KHOM rrOBepXHOCTH:


K H . C = Rn
Ii8' = 2
7 = 0,39 BT/(M 2 .oC).
o ,


( 1 0,02 0,25 0,08 0,13 0,02 ) 0 756
-+-+-+-+-+- x
t = 18 - 46 8,7 0,81 0,81 0,03 0,58 0,93 .' = -27 5° C.
HIT 2,57 ' ,


K03<P<P 1lI ..I,HeHT TeIIJIOrrepe,n;aqH HaPY:>KHOM CTeHbI:


(4.9)


cepe,n;llHbI CJI05I YTerrJUITeJI5I:


6. Pacrrpe,n;eJIeHIIe TeMnepaTypbI lIO TOJ
I.I.I,llHe CTeHbI rrpii TeMrrepaType HapY:>KHOrO
B03,llj'xa text = - 28 ° C.
.J\10:>KHO CqHTaTb, qTO TepMll"'IeCKOe corrpOTllBJIeHlIe YMeHbllIaeTC}I lIO TOJ
IlUfHe KOH-
CTPYKI.I,Hli nporrOpI.I,HOHaJlbHO K03<P<PHlJ,HeHTY TerrJIOTeXHHqeCKOM O,n;HOpO,LI,HOCTH r =
= 0,737.
PacrrpeLI,eJIeHHe TeMrrepaTypbI no TOJIII1.HHe KOHCTPYKI.I,HH:


(
 + 0,02 + 0,25 + 0,04 ) x 0,756
t = 18 - 46 8,7 0,81 0,81 0,03 6 10C
cp 2,57 = -, .


RYCJI x r
t x = tint - (t
nt - texd
rrPIi8. , °C.
o


( 4.10)


ITo pe3YJIbTaTaM paCqeTOB CTp05IT rpaqmK pacnpe,n;eJIeHH5I TeMrrepaTypbI no TOJIIl
HHe
HapYIKHoM CTeHbI (pllC. 4.2).
7. IlpoBepKa OTCYTCTBH5I KOH,n;eHcaI.I,IIH BO,n;5IHbIX rrapOB Ha BHYTpeHHeM rrOBepXHO-
CTH CTeHbI.
ITo i -d-,n;llarpaMMe onpe,1J.eJI5IIOT TeMrrepaTYPY TO
KH pOCbI ,1J.J
5I B03,llj'xa C napa-
MeTpaMII tint = 18° C, 'P8 = 50%: t T . p = 7,2° C, T8 = 16,4° C; T B > t T . p , rr03TGrvry
KOII,LI,eHcaI.I,1I1I He npOH30:ll,rr;eT.
TervmepaTypa BHYTpeHHei1 rrOBepXHOCTH HapY:>KHOrO yrJIa:


TeMrrepaTypa Ha BHYTpeHHeii rrOBepXHOCTH CTeHbI:


RYCJI
T8 = tint - (tint - texd

IiB. .


(4.11 )


Ty = tint - (0,18 - 0,042 X R
PH8.) X (tint - texd, °C


(4.12)


Telo,mepaTypa BHYTpeHHeii: rrOBepXHOCTli:


Ty = 18 - (0,18 - 0,042 X 2,57) X (18 + 28) = 14,6° C:


(
 + 0,02 ) X 0756
t = 18 - 46 8,7 0,81 ' = 16 1°C'
1 2,57 "


Ty > i T . p '
YCJIOBIIe OTCYTCTBIHI KOH,I
eHCaI
1l1I BbIIIOJIHenO )l,JI5I Bcex BHYTpeHHHX lIoBepxHocTeM.
8. ITpoBepKa HopMHpyeMoro neperra,lI,a TeI\lIIepaTYp.
HopI\mpyeMaR pa3HOCTb TervmepaTYP B03,II,Yxa B nOMeUJ,eHllH II BHYTpeHHeM rro-
BepXHOCTII CTeHbJ He ,L
OJ
:>KHa rrpeBbIIIIaTb 4,5° C [27).


= 18 - [ 18 - ( -28 )] 1/8,7 x 0,756 = 164° C.
T8 2 57 "
,


rpaHHUhI Me:>K,llj' CJIORMH 1 II 2:


.6.t = tint - T8 = 18 - 16,4 = 1,6 0 C < 4,5° C,


( 1 0,02 0,25 ) 0 756
-+-+- x ,
t = 1 8 - 4 6 8,7 0,81 0,81 . = 11 9° C'
"2 257 ' ,
,


YCJ
OBHe BhIrrOJIHeHO.
9. BhI60p KOHCTPYKUllll, 3arrOJJH.HIOI.I.I,eii: CBeTOBOM rrpoeM.
HopMHPyeI\me TepMllqeCKOe corrpOTIIBJIeIIHe OKOH paCC"IHTaHO BbIlIIe:


rpaHHI.I,hI Me:>K,n;y CJIO.HMII 2 II 3;


Rreq ? 0,423 (M 2 . °C)/BT.




b I: ",oa i. Tn' """" nm 'wnw; pa, '" '" "a 1"1 w." WI "'I"'"' ;), ,,,d,


!; '1.11"", nu, 'I' ,. "a I, I'" ",. m ''''1'''''''' MY '"I'''"';)''''' II



I, DC
B = =.1!..."C
20
.B=-I6,
15 ----
10 ----
Ie
5 ----


.-
i-
-!-
I
J-
I
i
1-
I


r,n,e G H = 5 Kr/(M 2 .Q) (Ta6JI. 5.3) - HopMllpyeMa51 B03.rryxonpOHlin:aeMOCTb OKOH 06-
m;eCTBeHHbIX 3,n,aHlill TIpIi lIenOJIb30BaHlili aJIlOMIIHlIeBbIX nepeIIJIeTOB, l:1po = 10 ITa,
l:1p -- pa3HOCTb ,n,aBJIeHIIH C BHYTpeHHeH li HapYlKHoH CTOpOH OKHa nepBoro 3Ta-
2Ka (ITa)


l:1p = 0,55 x H x (1'H - 1'13) + 0,03 x l'H x V 2 ,
r,n,e H = 14,2 M -- BbICOTa OT 3eMJIli ,n;o Bepxa BeHTHJI5In:IIOHHOH rnaXTbI, 1'H, 113
y,n;eJIbHbIH Bee HapY)KHOrO II BHYTpeHHero B03.rryxa (H/M 3 ):


o


3463
l' = 273 + t '
1'13 = 3463/(273 + 18) = 11,90 H/M 3 ,
l'H = 3463/(273 - 28) = 14,13 H/M 3 ,
v = 4,9 M/C -- paCqeTHa51 CKOpOCTb BeTpa,


( 4.15)


-5 -----


l:1p = 0,55 x 14,2 x (14,13 - 11,90) + 0,03 x 14,13 x 4,9 2 = 27,6 ITa.


-10


Tpe6yeMoe conpOTIIBJIeHlIe B03.uyxonpoHIIn: aHH IO:


-15


1 ( 276 ) 0,67
R
P ="5 1
 = 0,39 M 2 '''I/Kr.


-20 ----


IToCJIe oKpyrJIeHli51


RTP = 0 40 M 2 . q / Kr'
n, ,


2


3


4 5


b, M
I H = -2E


corrpOTlIBJIeHlIe B03.rryxorrpoHun:aHIiIO YCTaHaBJ
IlBaeMbIx OKOH ,n;OJI)KHO 6bITb He MeHee
Tpe6yeMoro.
11. ITpoBepKa Ha OTCYTCTBlie KOH,n;eHcan:llIT BO,n,51HbIX napOB B TOJIIII,e HapY)KHOH
CTeHbI.
ITpoBepKY ocym;eCTBJI5IIOT rrpli TeMrrepaType HapY)KHOro B03,nyxa, paBHoH cpe,n,HeH
TeMrrepaType HaH60JIee XOJIOAHOrO MeC5In:a text,:n = -10,2° C, TaK KaK BJIa)KHOCTHbIe
npou;eCCbI rrpOTeKaIOT Me,l],JIeHHO.
11.1. Pacnpe,n;eJIeHHe TeMnepaTypbI H ,n;aBJIeHII5I HaCbIIIJ;eHll51 BO,l],}JHbIX napoB no
CeqeHHIO CTeHbI.
TeMrrepaTYPY rroBepxHocTH CJIO}J CTeHbI onpe,l],eJI5IlOT no (4.10) npH text = text,:n.
,LI,aBJIeHHe HaCbIIII,eHH5I BO,LI,}JHbIX napOB paCCqHTbIBalOT no <popMYJIe <DHJIbHe5l:


-25


-30


PHC. 4.2. rpacPliK pacnpe,lI,eJIeHlUI TeMliepaTypbI B HapY.>KHOll CTeHe


B COOTBeTCTBHH C apxHTeKTypHbIMH Tpe6oBaHH5IMH 3anOJ1HeHH5I CBeTOBbIX rrpo-
eMOB ,n,OJI)KHbI 6bITb BbIrrOJIHeHbI C aJIIOMHHHeBbUvIH nepenJIeTaMH.
ITo rrpH.;'IO)KeHHIO 16 BbI6paH ,1..J;ByxKaMepHbIH CTeKJIOnaKeT H3 06bIqHOrO CTeKJIa
B O,D)1HapHOM nepenJ
eTe C MelKCTeKOJIbHbIM paCCT05lHIIeM 12 MM:


Ro = 0,45 (M 2 .oC)/BT > 0,423 (M 2 .oC)/BT.


( 156+8,12t )
E 13fI = 133,3 x 10 236+t ITa.


K03<p<pHn:HeHT TenJIOrrepe,n;aqH OKHa:
K =
 =
 = 2,22 BT/(M 2 .oC).
Ro 0,45


BHYTpeHH}J}J nOBepXHoeTb:


( 4.13)


T, = 18 - (18 + 10 2) 1/8,7 x 0,756 = 1705° C
13 , 2,57 "


E Bn = 1943 ITa;


10. Onpe,n;eJIeHHe Tpe6yeMoro corrpOTHKleHH}J B03,nyxonpoHHn:aHHIO OKOIlHoro
rrpoe!\m:


rpaHHn:a Me)K,I.l.y CJI05lMH 1 H 2:


1 ( .6. ) 0,67
TP_ P 2
Rn - G H l:1po 1\1 .q/Kr,


( 4.14)


(
 + 0,02 ) x 0 756
t = 18 - 28 2 8,7 0,81 ' = 168° C
1 , 2,57 "


El = 1912 ITa;





 r.W6a 4. T<.n.,m"'XHU'''C,"'U pac_cm unpy:wuux 02paJff:aenm)


rpaHllua Me)K,I.l.y CJI05IMli 2 H 3:


( 1 0,02 0,25 ) 0 756
-+-+- x
t = 18 - 28 2 8,7 0,81 0,81 ' = 143° C
2 , 257 ' ,
,


E 2 = 1630 ITa;


rpaHHll,a Me2K)J,y CJI05IMII 3 II 4:


( 1 0,02 0,25 0,08 ) 0 756
-+-+-+- x ,
t = 18 - 28 2 8,7 0,81 0,81 0,03 ' = -784° C
3, 2 57 ' ,
,


E3 = 338 ITa;


rpaHHll,a M€)K,I.I.y CJI05IMli 4 II 5:


( 1 0,02 0,25 0,08 0,13 ) 0 756
-+-+-+-+- x
t = l8 - 28 2 8,7 0,81 0,81 0,03 0,58 ' = -9 7° C
4, 257 ' ,
,


,j


E4 = 292 ITa;


HapY2KHa51 nOB€pXHoeTb:


( 1 0,02 0,25 0,08 0,13 0,02 ) 0 756
-+-+-+-+-+- x ,
t = 18 - 28 2 8,7 0,81 0,81 0,03 0,58 0,93 - = -9 9° C
Hn, 2,57 ' ,
E Hn = 288 ITa;


C€p€,lI,MHa CJI05I YT€IIJIllT€JI5I:


( 1 0,02 0,25 0,04 ) 0 756
-+-+-+- x ,
t = 18 - 28 2 8,7 0,81 0,81 0,03 - = 3 2° C
cp, 2,57 ' ,


Ecp = 768 ITa.


11.2. ITapll,lla,ilbHO€ .II,aBJI€HH€ BO,n;5fHbIX rrapOB e B HapY)!(HOl\-I II BHYTpeHH€M B03-
,n,yX€:


tint = 18° C; E int = 2062 ITa; CPB = .50%;
emt = CPR X E int = 0,5 x 2062 = 1031 TIa;


(4.16)


text,R = -10,2° C; Eext,R = 281 IIa; 'PH = 84%:
€ext,R = 0,84 x 281 = 236 IIa.


( 4.17)


11.3. CorrpOTI:IBJI€HH€ naporrpOHllll,aHlilO HapY2KHoii CT€HbI:


n Oi
Rn = Rn.H + 2: - + R n . H ,
i=1 Pi


(4.18)


rf],€ Rn.H = 0,0267 M 2 . 'L£ . IIa / Mr, Rn.H = 0,0032 M 2 . 'L£ . ITa / l\.Ir -- corrpOTllBJI€HH€
rraporrpoHHll,aHHIO COOTB€TCTB€HHO BHYTPCHH€H H HapY2KHOii nOBepXHOCT€ii.


0,02 0,25 0,08 0,13 0,02 2 /
Rn = 0,0267 + 0,12 + 0,11 + 0.013 + 0,14 -r- 0,09 + 0,0052 = 9,78 M . 'L£. ITa Mr.


Tcn.,mnCIHWWC'U'; pac',em Hapywu"x ",,,,,WaCHIJl)



IIHTeHcHBHocTb nOTOKa BOf],5IHOrO rrapa:


€int - €ext R 1031 - 236 8 / ( 2 )
9 = ' = = 1,3 Mr M' q .
Rn 9,78


11.4. Pacrrpe).l;€JIeHH€ rrapll,llaJIbHOrO ,n;aBJI€H1I5I BO,lI,.HHbIX rrapoB no Ce'L£€HlllO CT€HbI
rrpH text,R = -10,2° C


( Rn.x
ex = €mt - €int - €ext,R) X Rn ' ITa.


BHYTP€HH5I5I rrOBepXHOCTb:


. 0,0267
e H . nOH = 1031 - (1031 - 236) x 978 = 1028 ITa;
,


rpaHllll,a M€)K,I.I.y CJI05IMM 1 H 2:


o 0267 +

el = 1031 - 795 x ' 0,12 = 1015 ITa;
9,78


rpaHl-lll,a M€2K,1J,y CJIOHMll 2 II 3:


€2 = 1031 - 795 x


o 0267 + 0,02 + 0,25
, 0,12 0,11
9,78


= 830 ITa;


rpaHHll,a M€2K)J,y CJI05IMII 3 H 4:


o 0267 + 0,02 + 0,25 + 0,08
e3 = 1031 - 795 x ' 0,12 0,11 0,013 = 330 ITa;
9,78


rpaHlIll,a M€2K,1J,y CJI05lMH 4 II 5:


€4 = 1031 - 795 x


00267 + 0,02 0,25 + 0,08 + 0,13
, 0,12 + 0,11 0,013 0,14
= 255 ITa;
9,78


HapY2KHa51 nOB€pXHOCTb:


R Hn ( 0,0052
€Hn = €ext,51 + Rn €int - €ext,R) = 236 + 9,78 x 795 = 236,5 ITa;


B C€p€).I;I-lHe CJI05I H30JI5Ill,llH:


Ccp = 1031 - 795 x


o 0267 + 0,02 + 0,25 0,08 0,04
, 0,12 0,11 -+ 0,013 + 0,013
= 586 IIa.
9,78


ITOJIY'L£€HHbI€ P€3YJIbTaTbI CBe.n;€HbI B Ta6JIHUY 4.2, rro pe3YJIbTaTaM KOTOpOll rro-
CTpoeH rpaqmK (pne. 4.3).
ITOCKOJlbKY HH B O,.rJ;HOM H3 Ce'L£€HllH napIJ,IIaJIbHO€ )IaBJI€Hll€ BO,lI,.HHbIX rrapOB He rrp€-
BbIIIIaeT ,n;aBJI€HH5I HaCbIIIJ,€HH5I, B CT€He ,lI,aHHOll KOHCTpYKIJ,nn BJIara HaKarrJInBaTbC5I
H€ 6y f],€T.





 Tm6U 4 - Tf"1140mexnu./ec1CUU pac'-em uupy"",nbtX 02pa.>KUp"au


Ta6JIHu;a 4.2


CeqeHlle TeMrrepaTypa )J,aBJIeHlle TIapII.HaJIhHoe
t,OC HaChIr.u.eHH}I E, TIa .n;aBJIeHHe e, TIa
BHYTpeHHHH B03,nyX 18,0 2062 1031
BHYTP€HH}I}I rrOBepxHocTb 17,05 1943 1028
rpaHHn;a Me)K,l..ly C./IO}lMH 1 H 2 16,8 1912 1015
rpaHHn;a Me)K,ny C./IO}lMH 2 H 3 14,3 1630 830
Cepe,n;HHa C./IO}l YTerrJIHTeJI}I 3,2 768 586
rpaHHn;a M€)K,l..Iy C./IO}lMH 3 H 4 -7,84 338 330
rpaHHn;a Me)K,l..ly C./IO}lMH 4 II 5 -9,7 292 255
HapY)KHa}l rrOBepXHOCTh -9,9 288 236,5
HapY)KHhIH B03,nyX -10,2 236 236


06JIaCTb B CeqeHllH CTeHbI, r,n,e ,n,aBJIeHHe HacbIIqeHll£ MeHbllIe rrapU;HaJIbHOrO ,n,aB-
JIeHH£ BO,n,£HbIX rrapOB, orrpe,n,eJI£eT 30HY HX B03MmKHoll KOH,n,eHcaIJ;llll. D;JI£ YCTpaHe-
Hll£ 30HbI KOH,n;eHcaU;HII rrpOKJIa,.'J;bIBaIOT IIOJIll3TllJIeHoBYIO IIJIeHKY TOJIIqllHOll He MeHee
100 MKM Me:iK,IIJT CJI05lMll 2 11 3 llJIII H3MeH5IIOT KOHCTPYKUHIO CTeHbI. CorrpOTHBJIeHI1€
rraporrpOHllu;aHlllO rrJIeHKll COCTaBJI5I€T 7 M 2 . TI . ITa / Mr.
12. B pe3YJIbTaTe paCqeTa rrOJIyqeHbJ eJI€AYIOIqlle TeprvmqeCKlle corrpOTllBJIeHllR
II K03<pqmU;lleHTbI TCrrJlOrrepe,n,a"Ill HaPY)KHbIX Orpa)f(,IJ;eHlIll:


HapY)KHbIe CTeHbI
OKHa C ,n,BOllHbIM OCTeKJIeHlleM
rrOKpbITIIR
qep,n,aK H rrO,lJ,BaJI
HapY)KHbIe ,lJ,BepH


R = 2,57 (M 2 .oC)/BT,
R = 0,45 (M 2 .oC)/BT,
R = 3,41 (M 2 .oC)/BT,
R = 2,88 (M 2 .oC)/BT,
R = 0,80 (M 2 . o C)/BT,


K = 0,39 BT/(M 2 .oC);
K = 2,22 BT/(M 2 .oC);
K = 0,29 BT/(M 2 .oC);
K = 0,35 BT/(M 2 .oC);
K = 1,25 BT/(M 2 .oC).


ITOCKOJIbKY CHlllI 23-02-2003 He 6bIJIH YTBep)K,n,eHbI KaK 0<pHWIaJIbHbIll ,lJ,OKYMeHT
KO BpeMeHIt H3,n,aHllR KHHrH: CJIe,n,yeT yqHTbIBaTb B03MO)KHOCTb ll3MeneHI1R peKOMeH-
,nyeMoro aJIrOpllTJ\1a paCqeTa.
13. )J,JIR rrpOll3Bo,n,eTBeHHbIX 3,lJ,aHlI:H C ll36bITKaMll RBHOll TerrJIOTbI, rrpeBbIliialOIII,H-
MH 23 BT / M 3 , 3,lJ,aHI1ii, rrpe,n:Ha3HaqeHHbIX ,n,.'I£ ce30HHOll 3KerIJIyaTat
llH (oceHblO llJIH
BecHoll), II 3,n,aHHll C paCqeTHOll T€MIIepaTypoll BHYTpeHHero B03,n:yxa, He rrpeBbIIlla-
IOIII,ell + 12° C, MHHHMaJIbHOe 3HaqeHlle rrpllBe,n,eHHoro TepMHqeCKOrO corrpOTHBJIeHHR
COCTaBJI£eT


R = n(tint - texd ( O C . 2 ) / B
req A , M T,
ut X O'int
r,n,e n
 KO:,}<p<PHQlleHT, 3aBllcRII
ll:i1 0'1' paCrrOJImKeHHR HapY)KHOrO Orpa:JK,n,eHH£
(Ta6JI. 5.1), tint (t B )
 paCqeTHa£ TeMrrepaTypa BHYTpeHHerO B03Avxa, rrpllHHMaeMaR
no HopMaM rrpoeKTHpOBaHHR (OC), text (t H ,5)
 paCqeTHa51 3HMHRR TeMrrepaTypa
HapY)KHOrO B03AYxa, rrpllHllMaeMa£ no HopMaM rrpoeKTHpOBaHHR (DC), tlt int (
tH) -
HopMllpyeMa£ pa3HOCTb TeMrrepaTYP BHYTpeHHero B03,lJ,yxa II BHYTpeHHeH rrOBepx-
HOCTH Tint (T B ) (Ta6JI. 4.3), Dint (O'B)
 K03<p<pHIJ;HeHT Terr.'IOOT)J,aqH BHYTpeHHell
rrOBepXHOCTH Orpa)K,lJ,alOIqHX KOHCTpYKll,HH (Ta6JI. 4.4).


(4.19)


Ten<lOm <Tn" .,pcwu;; pac,em nap Y.JWU"'J" '''I>1-",-dc"" U .d


t, °e tint= 18°C
20 t , = T6,8° C --
't B = 16,4°e
10
a ------
-10 -
----
p, no E int =2062
2000
1800


-f
I t4=-9,re
. t Hn
--+-
t]= -1,83°C
I
-t-
I
i-
I
Ez= 1630
I-
I
I-
I


text,JI = - 10,Te


1600
1400 Is
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
a


t H


=768


'92
E Hn =288
Eext =236
e Hn =236,5


0, .M


1


2


3


4 5


PHC. 4.3. rpacpHK pacrrpe,n;eJIeHHE TeMrrepaTyphl H rrapn;HaJIhHhIX ,n;aB.'IeHHH B0,D;}IHhIX napoB B
HaPY)KHOn CTeHe


PeKOIvIeH,lJ,OBaHbI c.fJeJI.YlOll
He 3HaqeHIHI OTHOCllTeJIbHO:H BJIa)KHOCTH BHYTpeHHero
B03):.0'xa. B IIOMeIIl,eHHRX )KHJIbIX 3,n,aHHll, 60.nbHH"IHbIX yqpe)K;
eHHH, ,II,HCrraHeepOB,
aM6YJIaTOpHO-rrOJIHKJIllHI1'-:1eCKllX yqpe)K,II,eHllll, pOlI,HJIbHbIX ,n,mvIOB, ,II,OMOB-HHTepHa-
TOB ,n,JI5I rrpeCTapeJIbIX H HlIBa.nH.II:OB, o6ru:eo6pa30BaTe.nbHbIX ,lJ,eTCKllX IlIKOJI, ,rreTCKHx
,n,OIvIOB 55%; B IIoMerueHHRx KYXOHb 60%; B BaHHblX KOIvIHaTax 65%; B TerrJIbIX rro,n,Ba-
JIax H IIO,lJ,rrOJIb£X C KOMMYHHKau;H£Mll 75%; BHYTPll TeIIJIbIX qep,n,aKOB )KllJIbIX 3,n,a-
HHll 55%; B APyrlIX rro.r.leru:eHH5IX o6Iu;ecTBeHHbIx 3,lJ,aHllll 50%.


I
j




b 1 0 "'a" 40 1,,,!. "'meT" U '<eOCWt pun"''' Hapy.>IC H
or a?J1'l:»cd",w,


Ta6J1l-uJ;a 4.3 HopMllpyeMbIH TeMIIepaTYPHbIH IIepena,n., flt H (OC) B 3aBllCIIMOCTll OT Bll.n;a
orpa)K,LJ;eHIIH


IlOKPbITllH II IIepeKpbITllH
3.n;aHllH II IIOMe
eHllH HapY.>KHbIe Ha)J, IIpoe3)J,aMH, 3eHllTHble
qep,IJ;aqHble
CTeHbI no.n;BaJIaMH II <poHapH
IIepeKpbITllH
IIO.n;IIOJIbHMll
1. )KllJIble, JIeqe6Ho-npoqmJIaK-
THqeCKlle II .n;eTCKlle yqpe)K)J.e- 4.0 3,0 2,0 tint - td
HIIH, IllKOJIbI, llHTepHaTbI
2. 06
ecTBeHHble, KpoMe YKa-
3aHHbIX B II. 1. a,n.,MllHllcTpaTllB-
Hble H 6bIToBbIe, 3a llCKJIlOqeHll- 4,5 4,0 2,5 t mt - td
eM IIOMe
eHllll C BJIa.>KHbIM llJIH
MOKpbIM pe.>KHMOM
3. IIpOll3BO,IJ;CTBeHHbIe C CYXHM II tint - td, 0,8(tmt - t d ), 2,5
HOpMaJIbHbIM pe)KIIMOM HO He 60JIee 7 HO He 60Jlee 6 tint - td
4. IlpOH3Bo.n;cTBeHHble H lWyrHe
nOMeIIIeHllH C BJIa.>KHbIM II MOK- tint - td 0,8(tint - td) 2,5 -
pbIM pe.>KllMOM (6aHH H T. II.)
5. IIp01l3Bo.n;cTBeHHble 3.n;aHHH
co 3HaqllTeJIbHbIMH 1136bIT-
KaMll HBHon TeIIJIOTbI (6oJIee 12 12 2,5
23 BT/M 3 ) H paCqeTHOH OTHOCH- tint - td
T€JIbHOrr BJIa)KHOCTblO B03.n;yxa
60JIee 50%


IlpIIMeqaHHe: td - TeMIIepaTypa TOqKH pOCbI, or
e.n;e..'IHeMa.H no i--d-.n;llarpaMMe HJIll no <POp My-
JIe (23.1).


Ta6J1Hu,a 4.4 K03ct><PHL\HeHT TenJIOoT.n;aqll orpa)K,L\aIO
HX KOHCTPYKI.J;H:H


BHYTpeHHHH rrOBepxHocTb orpa)K,LI.aIO
Hx KOHCTPYKQHH K03<p<p H I.J;lleHT
TeIIJIOoT.n;aqH Oint (OB)
BT/(M 2 . o C)
1. CT€H, IIOJIOB, r.'1a.n;KHx nOTOJIKOB, IIOTOJIKOB C BblcTynaIOllJ.HMll pe6-
paI\m IIPH OTHOIlleHIIH BbICOTbI h pe6ep K paccToHHHIO a Me)K,lIy rpa- 8,7
HHMH coce.n;HHX pe6ep hla :::; 0,3
2. IloTOJIKOB C BbIcTynalO
HMll pe6paMH npH OTHOIlleHHH hja > 0,3 7,6
3. OKOH 8,0
4. 3eHHTHbIX <poHapeH 9,9


I
1


I


r I1ABA 5


nOTepVl Tenl10Tbl

epe3 orpa>KAeHVI}l
nOMe
eHVlVI


IToTeplf TeIIJIa qepe3 orpa)K.n;eHlf5r onpe.n;eJI5IIOT no <popMYJIe


1
Qo= R Fx (t B -t H )(l+LP')xn,


(5.1)


r,II,e F paCqeTHa5r lIJIOIIJ,a,II,b orpa)K.n;eHlf5r (M 2 ), t B - TervmepaTypa BHYTpeHHero B03-
,n,yxa (OC), t H -- TeMnepaTypa HaPY)KHOrO B03,n,yxa (OC), npIIHHMaeMa5I KaK cpe.n;H5r5r
TeMlIepaTypa Hau60JIee XOJIO.n;HOH n5rTH.n;HeBKIf C 06ecneQeHHocTblO 0,92 [26], n - KO-
3<P<PHll.HeHT, 3aBIIC.HlU,lfH OT paClIOJIO)KeHH5I HapY)KHOrO orpa)K.n;eHH.H (Ta6Jl. 5.1), R-
TepMHQeCKOe conpOTHBJIeHHe orpa)K,II,eHU.H, onpe,1],eJI.HeMOe B TenJIOTeXHHQeCKOM pac-
QeTe (npHJI. 19), P' - K03<P<PMll.lfeHT, yqlfTbIBalOIIJ,lfH .n;o6aBOQHble nOTeplf TenJIOTbI
Qepe3 orpaJK}:{eHH5r (crvL Ta6JIliUbI Ha c. 26 H 27).


Ta6J1Hu,a 5.1 K03<P<PHI.J;HeHT, yqllTbIBaIO
Hll pacnOJIO.>KeHHe OrpaA<.LJ:aIOIllen. KOHCTPYKLI,HH


Orpa)K,LI.alO
He KOHCTPYKI.J;HH K03ct><PHI
HeHT n
1. HapY)KHble CTeHbI H nOKpbITHH (B TOM qHCJIe B€HTHJIllpyeMble HapY)KHbIM
B03.n;YXOM), nepeKpbITHH qep.n;aqHble (c KpOBJIeH H3 IIITyqHbIX MaTepll3.JIOB) 1,0
H Ha,II, npoe3.n;arvm; nepeKpbITHH Ha,n: XOJIO,n:HbIMH (6e3 orpa)K,LI.aroII.J;IlX cTeHoK)
nO,IInOJIbHMH B CeBepHoH cTpollTe.'1bHO-KJIHMaTHqeCKOrr 30He
2. IlepeKpbITHH Han; XOJIO.n;HbIMH no.n;Ba.rraMH, C006I1..1,alO
HMHC5! C HapY)KHbIM
B03,II,yXOM; rrep€KpbITH5! qep.n;aqHble (c KpOB.'1eH 113 PYJIOHHbIX MaTepHaJIOB); 0,9
nepeKphITH5! Ha,n: XOJIO,II,HbIMH (c orpa)K,IIalOI1..I,HMH CTeHKaMH) IIo,n:nOJIbHMH II
XOJIOlI,IIhIMH "')Ta.>KaMII B CeBepHoH cTpoHTe.nbHO-KJIMMaTUqeCKOll 30He
3. TIepeKpbITH5! Ha.LI HeOTarr.'1MBae!\1bIMH no.n;Ba.rIaMH co CBeTOBbII\Ill npoeMaMH 0,75
E CTeHax
4. IlepeKpbITHH Ha,n., HeOTaII.TIHBaeMbIMII rrO,II,EaJIaMM 6e3 CBeTOBblX IIpoeMOB 0,6
B CTeHax, paCIIO:IO.>KeHHbIe BbIIlle YPOBHH 3eMJIH
5. TIepeKpbITH5! Hall, HeOTanJIHBaeMbIMH TeXHMqeCKHMH no.n;nOJIb5!MH, paCIIO- 0,4
JIO)KeHHbII\IH HM.>Ke ypOBHH 3eMJIH


Onpe,lJ,eJIeHlle nJIOI.U;a,z:J,eH II .rrIlHeHHbIX pa3MepOB OrpIDK,lJ,eHIIH
ITJIOlU,a.n;1f OKOH " I[Bepei:i, <pOHapei:i 1f3Mep.HIOT lIO HaHMeHbllIUM CTpOHTeJIbHbIM npo-
eMaM (plfC. 5.1).
ITJroIIJ,a.n;lI nOTO.JIKOB If lIOJIOB OlIpe.n;eJI5IIOT no paCCT05rHH5rM Me)K,I.l,Y BHYTpeHHeH
IIOBepXHOCTblO HapY)KHbIX CTeH II OC.HMH BHYTpeHHlfX CTeH IfJIH Me)K,IIy OC5rMH BHYT-
peHHIIX CTeH (plfC. 5.1).




(

, [.Ul/>II J. [[Otiil f>rJ if/I II. (l)lIl'.( 'II ,,,.j (J.oPI/.}ff ,1/ /111.1'/ n(}\l1 I/
( /11111
'



d
L OK


YznoBoe
nOMeU4eHUe


opaUHOpHoe
nOMeU4eHUe


:.:
Q) ...p


PUCo 5.1. I1palH-ma o6Mepa aJIoIIJ,a.n;eii orpa)K,l..l;alOIIJ,HX KOHCTPYK1W:ii: a, b - BHYTpeHHHe pa3-
MepbI; c, e - pa3MepbI HapYJKHOrr CTeHbI .n;JUI yrJIOBoro lloMeIIJ,eHIUlj d - pa3Mep
HaPY)f{HOii CTeHbI .n;Jm 0p,l.l,llHapHoro lloMeIIJ,emuI; L OK - llIHpHHa OKHa


IlIllPIiHY HapY2KHbIX CTeH yrJIOBOro IIOMe:rn;eHIl51 H3Mep5llOT OT EHeIIIHeH 1I0BepXHO-
CTII HapY2KHbIX CTeH /1,0 oceH EHYTpeHHllX CTeH (pa3MepbI c, e) 0 IlIIiPlIHY HapY2KHbIX
CTeH p5l/1,OBbIX IIOMe:rn;eHllll - IIO paCCT05lHlllO MeMAY OC5IMII BHYTpeHHllX CTeH (pa3-
Mep d).
BbICOTY CTeH rrepBoro 3Ta2Ka (pIiC. 5.2) IIpli HaJIllqllH HeOTaIVIllEaeMoro 1I0/1,Ba-
JIa olIpe.n;eJI5IlOT KaK paCCT05lHlle OT IIOTOJIKa 1I0,II,BaJIa ,II,O ypOEH5I qllCTOrO IIOJIa 2- ro
3Ta2Ka:


h HC = h3 + h nn + h nep ,


(5.2)


r,II,e h HC - BbICOTa HapY2KHOll CTeHbI, h" - BbICOTa 3Ta)K3., 0lIpe,II,eJI5IeMa5I KaK pac-
CT05lHlle Me)t()lj' ypOEHeM qllCTorO IIOJIa II 1I0TOJIKOM O,II,HOro 3Ta2Ka, h nn - TOJI:rn;IIHa
lIepeKpbITlI5I Ha,II, HeOTaIIJIIIBaeMbIMII IIO,II,BaJIa:r-.m, h nep - TOJImliHa Me2K3Ta2KHOro lIe-
peKpbITlI5I (06bIqHO 0,3 M).
I1plI paCIIOJI02KeHHII IIOJIa Ha rpYHTe BbICOTY CTeH H3Mep5llOT OT ypOBH5I qHCTOrO
1I0JIa 1- ro 3Ta)lffi ,II,O ypOBH5I "InCTOrO IIOJIa 2- ro 3Ta)Ka:


h HC = h" + h nep .


I1pll KOHCTPYK
1I IIOJIa Ha JIarax BbICOTY CTeH 0lIpe,II,eJI5IlOT KaK paCCT05lHlle OT HII./K-
Hero ypOBHR 1I0,II,rOTOBKH IIO,II, KOHCTPYKIJ,1I1O IIOJIa 1-ro 3Ta)K3.,II,O ypOBH5I. qlICTOrO IIOJIa
2- ro 3Ta)lffi:


h HC = h3 + h nJI + h nep ,


(5.3)


r,II,e h nn - BbICOTa KOHCTPYKll.lllI 1I0JIa Ha JIarax.
BbICOTY CTeH IIpOMe./KYTOqHOrO 3Ta)lffi 1I3Mep5lIOT Me)t()lj' ypOBH5IMII qlICTOrO IIOJIa
,n;aHHoro II coce)J.Hero EepXHero 3Ta./KeH:


h HC = h3 + h nep .


BbIeOTY CTeH EepXHero 3Ta2Ka IIPII HaJIlIqlIlI T.Jep,II,aKa orrpe,II,eJI5I.IOT KaK paCCT05l.-
HlIe OT ypOEH5I qnCTOrO 1I0JIa ,II,O Bepxa YTeIIJIIITeJI5I T.Jep,II,aqHOrO lIepeKpbITlI5I; IIpli


II""" /'" "" ". ,n,,,,, '" I'" '" I"' '" d, ""
 ""'" "'.>"" i,



OTCYTCTBlHI qep,II,aKa - KaK paCCT05IHHe OT ypOBH5I T.JllCTOrO IIOJIa IIOCJIe,II,HerO 3Ta2Ka
,II,O BHelliHell lIoBepxHocTH IIOKpbITlIR.
nOTeplI TelIJIOThI Qepe3 IIOJl, pacrrOJI02KeHHhIll Ha JIarax lIJIIi Ha rpYHTe, paCCqll-
ThIBaIOT 1I0 30HaM. IIJIOmallb lIMa ,II,eJI5IT Ha T.JeThIpe 30HhI, lIapaJIJIeJIhHhIe HaPY2KHOH
CTeHe (plIC. 5.3). OTCqeT Be,nyT OT BHYTpeHHeii IIOBepXHOCTII HapY2KHOH CTeHhI, a eCJIII
IIOMe:rn;eHlle 3arJIy6JIeHO B rpYHT - OT ypOBH51 3eMJIlI IIO HaPY)KHOH CTeHe II ,II,aJIee IIO
IIOJIY. llllIpllHa Ka.JK,1],Oll H3 rrepBhIX Tpex 30H COCTaBJI5IeT 2 M, IV 30Ha OXBaThIEaeT
OCTaJIhHYIO qaCTb 1I0BepxHoCTlI IIOJIa. "tfacTb IIJIo:rn;a,II,lI I 30HhI, IIpHMhIKalOIIJ,yIO K Ha-
PY)KHOMY yrJIY IIOMe:rn;eHH5I, YT.JIIThIEaIOT ,II,Ba./K)J.hI BCJIe)J.CTBHe 1I0EhIIIIeHHhIX I10Teph
TelIJIOThI T.Jepe3 3TY qaCTh IIOJIa.


u
r.
..s;:


3 3mox u
nocneaYIOU4ue
-


i ..s;:'"

 2 3mox



 ...
.s! ..s;:
13mox


PUC. 5.2. Pa3pe3 3.n;aHH5I: h OK - BhICOTa OKHa; h Hc - BhICOTa HapY)f{HOii CTeHhI; ha - BhICOTa
3Ta:>Ka; hHc-fI - BbICOTa HapY)f{HOii CTeHbI ao.n;BaJIa; hfl - BbICOTa nOlIBaJIa


OlIpe)J;eJIeHHe TepMH'IeeKOrO corrpOTHBJIeHHSI IIOJIa H )J;o6aBO'IHhIX
IIOTeph TelIJIOThI


,II;JI5I Ka.JK,1J,OH 30HhI HeYTelIJIeHHOrO IIOJIa, paCIIOJI02KeHHOrO Ha rpYHTe, IIplIHHMalOT
CJIe,n,yIOII.I:I:Ie 3HaqeHIl51 TepMW-IeCKOrO COlIpOTHBJIeHIl51 R II K03<pqmIJ,lIeHTa TelIJIOlIepe-
.n;aqlI K:
I30Ha-R I 2,1 (M 2 .oC)/BT, KI =0,48BT/(M 2 .oC);
II 30Ha - Ru 4,3 (M 2 .OC)/BT, Kn = 0,23 BT/(M 2 .oC);
III 30Ha - RIll = 8,63 (M 2 . °C)/BT, KIll = 0,12 BT/(M 2 . DC);
IV 30Ha - RIV = 14,2 (M2ooC)/BT, KIv = 0,07 BT/(M 2 .oC).
TepMlIqeCKOe COlIpOTIIBJIeHlIe YTelIJIeHHbIX IIOJIOB, JIe.JKa:rn;IIX Ha rpYHTe, I:I CTeH,
paCIIOJI02KeHHhIX HII2Ke ypOEH5I 3eMJIlI, OlIpe,II,eJI5IIOT C yqeTOM TepMllqeCKOrO COlIpO-


j





 J:tam 5. [Jomepu meRlOmb' ""1"" ""pa.JKdelWR no."eujmwl


TIIBJIeHII.H YTenJI.HIO:rn;ero CJI051 (eJIOeB) R yT :


Ry = R30HbI + R yT ,


8 YT
R YT =
,
.l\YT


(5.4)


r,l.l,e 8 YT II A YT - cooTBeTcTBeHHo TOJIIIJ.HHa II K03<pqmll,IIeHT TenJIOrrpOBO,II,HOCTil YTen-
JI51lOr.o;ero eJI05I.



.---------- ...-. ------------.1-;
, I 30HO ji

1 II 30HO ii

III 30HO !I



IV 30HO


I
l


2M 2M 2M


PRC. 5.3. Onpe.n;eJIeHne nJIO
a.n:eM nOJIa Ha rpYHTe (JIarax) ITO 30naM


Tep1'.1IlqeCKOe COnpOTIIBJIeHIle Ka
OH 30HbI nOJIa Ha JIarax rrpIIHHrvlaIOT paBHbI1'.1


Ry = 1,18(R30HbI + R yT ).


(.5.5)


B03,LI,yllIHYIO npOCJIOHKY II HaCTIIJI no JIara1'.1 yqIITbIBaroT KaK YTenJI.HIOIII,IIH CJIOH.
D;06aBO"-lHbIe nOTepil Terr
"IOTbI qepe3 orpa)K,lI,aro:rn;IIe KOHCTPYKlI,Ilil ,3 rrpIIHII1'IaJOT
B ,I],OJI.HX 0'1' OCHOBHbIX IIOTepb:


Q,l1,o6 = /3QOCH'


(5.6)


,L(06aBKY, yqIITbIBaIO:rn;yIO opIIeHTall,IIIO no CTopOHa1'.1 ropII30HTa, ,I],eJIaIOT ,!]:JI51 Beex
HapY)KHbIX BepTHKaJIbHbIX H HaKJTOHHbIX Orpa)K,lI,eHIIll:.


OpueHTau;nH ITO CTopOHaM ropU30HTa (3 OpUeHTaIJ;UH no CTopOHaM ropU30HTa i3
CeBep 0,1 CeBepo-3ana,n; 0,1
lOr 0 CeBepo- BOCTOK 0,1
3ana.n: 0,05 lOrD-3ana.n; 0
BOCTOK 0,1 lOro- BOCTOK 0,05


)J;o6aBO"-lHbIe rrOTepH TenJIOTbI Qepe3 orpa)f()"1,aroIlI,IIe KOHCTPYKUIIH yrJIOBbIX rro-
MeIIl,eHIIll rrpH HaJIWIIIII ,II,BYX H 60JIee na PY)KHbIX CTen )])I.H Bcex YKa3aHHbIx BbIIlle
orpa)K,2.I,enHll YBeJIHQHBaIOT Ha 0,1, eCJIII O,I],HO II3 orpa)K)J;eHIIll 06par.o;eHo Ha ceBep,
BOCTOK, ceBepO-BOCTOK, ceBepo-3alla,I]" II Ha 0,05- B ,lq)yrIIx CJIYQa.Hx. B TIIIIOBOM
rrpoeKTIIpOBaHilil 3HaqeHile K03<pqmll,II€HTa ;3 He3aBIICII1'.10 0'1' opueHTall,IIH rrpIIHII1'.1aIOT
paBHbIM 0,08 IIPII O,1J,HOH Hapy:mnOH CTeHe B nOMe:rn;eHilU II 0,13 - npu ,l.I,BYX H 60Jle€.
,L(06aBOQHbIe TenJIOnOTepII qepe3 ropH30HTaJIbHbIe Orpa)K,lI,eHH.H YQHTbIBalOT TOJIb-
KO Qepe3 neo60rpeBaeMbIe nOJIbI nepBoro 3Ta:iKa Ha,I], XOJIO,l.l,HbI1'.1II nO,I],nOJIb.HMH 3,I],aHHH


IIomepu men,wm", "'pe, u2pa.JKdenWI 1WMeu,e"uv. ,d


B MeCTHOCT.HX C paCqeTHOH TeMnepaTYPOH HapY)KIIOrO B03,n,yxa He 60JIe€ 1'.1HHYC 40° C
rro napa1'.1eTpa!\.1 B. ilx yqIITbIBaIOT ,l.1,06aBKOH f3 = 0,05.
)Jp6aBKY Ha HarpeBaHHe XOJIO,I],HOrO B03A-Vxa, rrocTynaIOlliero Qepe3 HapY:iKHbIe
D;BepH, He o60py.n;OBaHHbIe B03,nYIIIHbIJ\IH HJIH B03,l.1,YUIHO-TerrJIOBbIMH 3aBecaMII, npII-
HHJ\HLIOT B 3aBIlCHMOCTIl 0'1' THna BXOII,HbIX ,l.I,Bepell II BbICOTbI 3,l.l,aHH.H H:


Tun .n;BepeM j3
o .n:UHapHbIe 0,22.H
,l..I,BoMHbIe 6e3 TaM6ypa 0,34.H
,l..I,BoMHhIe C TaM6YPOM Me
' HUf..m 0,27. H
TpoMHhle C .n:BYMH TaM6ypaMu Me)K)],Y HUMU 0,20. H


H (M) 1I3Mep5:llOT OT Cpe)J.HeH n
'1anlipoBOQHOM OT1'.1eTKII 3€MJIM ,1],0 lI,eHTpa BbIT.H)KHbIX
OTB€PCTIIH <POHap.H IIJIII YCTb5:1 BeHTlIJI.HlI,IIOHHOH rnaXTbI.


llpHMep 5.1. PaCQeT TerrJIOnOTepb '-Iepe3 orpmK)I,eHH.H nOMer.o;eHHll Y"':le6noro K.TJaCCa
H MacTepcKoH, pacnO
'10)KeHHbIX Ha I 3Ta)K€ IIIKOJIbL PaHoH CTpOIITe.TIbCTBa - r. Bo-
JlOr,II,a. OpIIeHTaIl,II5I HapY:iKHbIX Orpa)K,lI,eHllll nOMeIll,eHlIM lIO C'I'OpOHaM ropII30HTa II
HX pa3MepbI B Imane rrpIIBe,l.l,eHbI Ha pIlC. 5.4. IIo
'l I 3Ta)Ka BbIIIOJIIICH YTenJI€HHblIvI
na JIarax (pRe. 5.5). BLIcoTa 0'1' ypOBH5I nOJ'la I 3Ta.:iKa ,I],O ypOBH5:I nwm II 3Ta:iKa -
3 M. Pa3MepbI OKOH 1,5 1'.1 x 2 1'.1; TOJI:rn;IIHa napY)KHbIX CT€H 8 H . C = 0,5 M; TOJIIlI,MUa
BHYTpeHHIIX CTeH 8 B . C = 0.2 M; paCQeTHbIe TeMrr€paTypbI: HapY)KHOrO B03,n,yxa t

2 =
= -32° C, BIIYTpeHHerO tint = 18° C; cpe.n;H.H5I TeMnepaTypa II npo.n;OJI)KIIT€JIbHOCTb
OTOlIHTe.l'1bHOrO rrepIIo.n;a tht = -3,2° C, Zht = 231 CYT, paCQeTHa5I CKOpOCTb BeTpa -
6 M/C [26].
P€3YJIbTaTbl paCQeTa TelIJ10nOTCpb "-IepC3 orpa:iK,.i:J,eUII5I CBe,I],eHbI Ii Ta6J'1. 5.2.
1. rpa.n;YCO-CYTKII OTOIIIITe.'IbHoro rrepIIOD;a:


,ZJ;d = (tint - thd X Zht,


(5.7)


,ZJ;d = [18 - (-3,2)] X 231 = 4900° C . CYT.


2. Hop1mpyeMbIe 3Ha"-leHII.H TepMH"-IeCKOrO corrpOTIIBJIeHH5I


HapY)KHOH CTeHbI: Rreq = 0,00035 X 4900 + 1,4 = 3,11 (M 2 .oC)/BT (npH.I'l. 19);
OKon: Rreq = 0,592 (M 2 .OC)/BT (nOJIY'-IeHO IIHTeprrOJI.HlI,H€M).


(.5.8)
3. B KaQeCTB€ 3anOJIHeHM5I eBeTOBoro npoeMa rrpIIH.HT O,l.l,HOKal'vlepHbIH CTeKJIOnaKeT
II3 CTeKJIa C TBep,I],bI1'.1 CeJIeKTHBHbIM IIOKpbITII€M. Tepr-m"':leCKOe corrpOTIIBJIeHIIe OKOH
R OK = 0.65 (1'.1 2 . o C)/BT.
4. Tepl\IHq€CKOe corrpOTHBJIeHHe CJIOeB KOHCTPYKlI,HH YTeIIJI€HHOro IIOJ'la Ha JIarax:


,
I


8 1 63 0,04 + 0,172 + 0,1 = 1,11 M2 .0C
R YT = R 1 + R 2 -r R3 = ' I + R B . n + ' 3 = BT (5.9)
.1\ .1\ 0,18 0,14





 L.W6Q .j. nomepu men-10mb< ,<epe.' OZ/XL>/,yJeffW< n"'''eUjFHuii


r
10


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< __

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II 30HO


I---------
-
I III 30HO


Poco 5.4. I1
1JaH rroMew,eHllH KJIaCCa II MacTepCKOll:


2


3


Poco 5.5. Pa.3pe3 YTerrJIeHHOro nOJIa Ha JIarax. 1 - ,D.OIll,aTbIll HaCTHJI: (h = 0,04 M, Al =
= 0,18 BT/(M .oC); 2 - B03)JylIlHasr rrpOCJIOll:Ka: 8 2 = 0,1 M, R B . n = 0,172 (M 2 . o C)/BT;
3 - 3aCbIllKa KepaM3HTOBbIM rpaBHeM: p = 400 Kr/M3, 83 = 0,1 M, A3 =
= 0,14 BT/(M .oC); h Y . nJI = 0,04 + 0,1 + 0,1 = 0,24 M


YeJIOBHhIe TepMIP:IeCKMe corrpOTMBJIeHM5I 30H HeYTenJIeHHOrO rroJIa, (M 2 . °C) /BT:


RI = 2,1;


Ru = 4,3;


RIll = 8,6.


TepMIfT-IeCKMe corrpOTMBJIeHlI5I 30H YTerrJI€HHOrO rrOJIa Ha JIarax, (M 2 . °C) /ET:


Ry = 1,18(
oHb] + R yT );


Rmd = 1,18(2,1 + 1,11) = 3,79;
Rrm.I1 = 1,18(4,3 + 1,11) = 6,38;
R nJl .I1I = 1,18(8,6 + 1,11) = 10,9.
K03<P<P M IJ;MeHTbI TerrJIOrrepe,n.aQM HapY.>KHhIX Orpa)K,II,eHIIM, BT / (M 2 . °C):


K = l/R.


(5.10)


K H . C = 1/3,11 = 0,32;


K OK = 1/0,65 = 1,54;


KI = 1/3,79 = 0,26;


Kn = 1/6,38 = 0,16;


KIll = 1/10,9 = 0,09.


I
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epe.1 o2p<1.wdcUII.R nO.<telU,fUU1)


/l ume l'lI movwmN 'wpc., u'paJled'HU.R no."elW""'"



IToTepH TeIIJIOTbI Ha HarpeBaHHe HH(j:>HJIbTPYIOrn.erocSl B03.n:.yxa
IIoTepH TemIOTbI Qll (BT), Ha HarpeBaHHe HH<PHJIbTPYIOIIJ,erOC5I HapY)KHOrO B03-

xa:
Qll = 0,28 X G ll X F x C (t B - t EI ) x A, (5.11)
r)..!,e G ll -
 B03.L\)TxOlIpomHJ,aeMocTb orpa)f()];aIOIIJ,eM KOHCTPYKII,HH (Kr / (:1\1 2 . q)); F ---
IIJIOlil,a.n;b OKOH orpa)K)I,alOlII,eH KOHCTPYKIJ,HH (M 2 ); C = 1,005 K
)K/(Kr'oC) -- Y.LI,eJIb-
HaR TeI1
'IOeMKOCTb B031.I,Yxa; A - K03<p<pHII,l1eHT, yql1TbIBalOIlJ,HH BJIH5IHl1e BCTpeT-IHoro
TelIJIOBOrO IIOTOKa B orpa)f()];alOII{eH KOHeTpYKII,HH, paBHblii: 0,7 - .n;JI5I CTbIKOB IIa-
HeJIeH II OKOH C TpOMHbIMI1 IIepeI1JIeTaMI1, 0,8 - ,LJ,.'I5I OKOH H 6aJIKOHHbIX ,LJ,BepeH C
pa3,;::J;eJIbHbIMI1 IIepelIJIeTaMH, 1,0 - ,I1iIR OKOH C O,LJ,HHapHbIMH HJIH ciiapeHHbIMH IIepe-
IIJIeTaMH; 0,28 - qHCJIOBOii K03<p<pHII,HeHT, IIpHBO,LJ,RIlJ,HH B COOTBeTCTBHe IIpHH5fTble
pa3MepHOCTH YLIeJIbHOii TelIJIOeMKOCTH (K,IJ;)K/(Kr.oC)) H TeIIJIOBOrO nOTORa (BT).
Ta6J1HQa 5.3 HopIvmpyeMhIe 3HaqeHII:H B03.uyxonpoHllQaeMocTII orpa)K,i:\aJOIlI,IIX KOHCTPYKQIIH


3.n;eCb H - BbICOTa 3.n;aHH51 OT ypOBHH lIOJIa lIepBoro 3Ta)lffi ,LJ,O YCTbR BeHTHJI5III,HOH-
HOM maXTbI, I'ext, I'int - y.n;eJIbHbIH Bec COOTB€TCTBeHHO HapY)KHOrO H BHYTp€HHerO
B03,IJ,yxa (H / M 3 ):


3463
I' = 273 + (


(5.14)


T€J:\lIIepaTypa BHYTpeHH€rO B03
xa lIpHHHMa€TCR lIO OIITHMaJIbHbIM napaMeTpaM,
a HapY)KHOrO -- IIO TeMnepaType HaH60.nee XOJIo,II,HOii n5fTH,LI,HeBKH C 06€Cneq€HHO-
CTblO 0,92.
tlpo = 10 ITa, v --
- MaKCHMaJIbHa5I H3 epe,LlHHX CKOPOCT€ii BeTpa (M/C) lIO PYM6aM
3a 5fHBapb, nOBTOp5I€MOCTb KOTOpbIX COCTaBJI5IeT He MeH€€ 16%.
PaCq€THaH pa3HOCTb ,1],aBJI€HHll tlPi (ITa) 3aBHCHT OT BeJIHqHHbI rpaBHTaIl,HOHHO-
BeTpOBoro ,LJ,aBJIeHMR H pa60TbI BeHTHJI5IIJ,Im:


NQ BllD, orpa)K):l;aIOIlI,llX KOHCTPYKU;IIH B03
xorrpoHllu;aeMocTb
0 11 (Kr /(M 2 . q»), He
60JIee
1 HapY)KHbIe cTeHbI, rrepeKpbITII.H H rroKpbITII.H )KllJIhIX, 06Il1,eCTBeH- 0.5
HbIX, a.L\MIIHHcTpaTIIBHbIX H 6bITOBhIX 3.n;aHIIH H nOMern;eHIIH
2 HaPY)KHbIe cTeHbI, nepeKpbITIUI II nOKphITHSl npOll3Bo;J;cTBeHHbIx 1,0
3.LI,aHIIH II rrOM€rn;eHHH
CTbIKII M€)K,LI;Y rraHeJI.HMII HaPY)KHbIX CTeH: 0,5*
3 a) )KllJIbIX 3,lJ,aHIIH
6) rrpOII3B0)1CTBeHHbIX 3.n;aHIIH 1,0*
4 BXOD,HbIe )1BepH B KBapTIIpbI 1,5
5 BXOD,HbIe ,,"IBepII B )KHJlhle, 06Il1,eCTBeHHble II 6bIToBbIe 3,LJ:aHII.H 7.0
OKHa 11 6aJIKOHHble .n;BepH B ,lJ,epeB.HHHhIX nepeIIJIeTaX B .>KHJIbIX,
6 o6w;ecTBeHHbIx H 6bITOBbIX 3.n;aH.HX II UOMeIll,eHH.HX; OKRa II <p oHa - 6,0
pH npOII3BO,LI.CTBeHHbIX 3
aHllH C KOH,lJ,HU;HOHHpOBaHIIeM B03A)'xa
OKHa 11 6a..rrKOHRbIe .n;BepH B IIJIaCTMaCCOBbIX IIJIH aJIlOMHHIIe-
7 BbIX neperr3JeTaX B )KHJIbIX, 06Il1,eCTBeHHblx H 6blTOBbIX 3.n;aHl:I.HX 5.0
1:I rrOMew;eHH.HX
8 OKHa, .n;Bepll II BopOTa rrpOII3BO,lI.CTBeHHbIX 3,naHMll 8,0
9 <PoHapH rrpOlf3BO,il;CTBeHHbIX 3,il;aHHH 10,0
* p8.3MepHOCTb Kr/(M.q)


tlPi = 9,81 X (H - h)(PH - PB) + 0,5 X PH X V;(C H - c 3 ) X K - PO,


(5.15)


r.n;e H - BbICOTa OT 3eMJII1 ,LJ:O YCTbR B€HTHJI5IIJ,HOHHOH maXTbI (M), h - BbICOTa OT
3eMJIH ,n;0 Bepxa OKHa paCq€THOrO 3Ta)£ffi (M), PH' PB - nJIOTHOCTb COOTBeTCTBeHHo
HapY:>KHOrO H BHYTpeHHero B03,rr,yxa (Kr / M 3 ),


353
P = 273 + t'


(5.16)


9,81 - YCKopeHHe cBo6o,LJ:HOrO IIa,i];eHH5f (M/C 2 ), C H = 0,8, C 3 = -0,6 - a3po,II,HHa-
MHqeCKIIe K03<p<pHII,MeHTbI 06TeKaIIHR 3,II,aIIH5I, K - K03<P<PI1lJ,HeHT, yqIfTbIBalOII{MH
H3MeHeHMe CKOpOCTHoro ....'J,aB.J'IeHH5I BeTpa IIO BblCOTe 3.n;aHHR (Ta6JI. 5.4).


Ta6J1HQa 5.4 3HaqeHll.H K03<P<PIIU;l:IeHTa K B 3aBHCHMOCTM OT TMna MeCTHOCTII H BblCOTbI
3,lJ,aHII.H


KaK BH/J,HO H3 Ta6JIIIII,bI, HaH6oJIbllI€ii B03,,'J,yXOlIpOHMl{aeMOCTblO XapaKT€pH3YIOTC5I
OKHa.
ITo 3HaqeHH5IM G M , npl1Be,LJ,eHHbIM B Ta6JI. 5.3, MO)KHO onpe,LJ,€JIHTb Tpe6yeMoe co-
npOTHBJIeHHe B03,11,yxorrpOHHII,aHHIO OKOH Rw:


K03<P<PIIU;MeHT K ,lI.JI.H THnOB MeCTHOCTH
BbICOTa 3.n;aHH.H OT OTKpblThIe ropo.n;CKHe
3eMJIII Ha6epe)KHbIe MopeH, TeppllTopIIll, JIeCHbI€ ropO,lJ,CKIIe C
,LI,O ypOBHH 3aCTpOllKOll
KapHll3a, M 03ep, Bo.n;oxpaHHJIlIIll" MaCCHBbI H ,lJ,pyrHe 3
aHIIRMl:I BblCOTOll
rrYCTbIHll, CTenell, MeCTHOCTII C 20-30 M
JleCOCTerrell, TYH.n;pbI 3acTpoHKOH 10-1S M
:;;;S 0,75 0,5 0,4
10 1,0 0,65 0,4
20 1,25 0,85 0,55
40 1,5 1,1 0,8
60 1,7 1,3 1,0


1 ( tl ) 0.67
Rw = - X
 M 2 .q.][a/Kr,
G w tlpo
r,n:e tlp - pa3HOCTb ,Il,aBJ'IeHlIM B03.L\)Txa Ha HapY)KHOU H BHYTpeHHeH nOBepXHOCTHX
OKHa (ITa),


(5.12)


Po - YCJIOBHO-nOCTORHHoe ,n:aBJI€HH€ B03,llj'xa B 3.n;aHHH (ITa).
ITpH C6aJIaHCI1pOBaHHon BeHTIIJI5IIJ,HH MJIH npM OTCYTCTBI1H opraHM30BaHHoii BeH-
TlIJI5IUI1H Po rrpHHHMaIOT paBHbIM HaH60JIbllIeMY II36bITOqHOMY ,LI,aB.i'I€HHID B B€pXHen
TOqK€ 3aBeTpeHHOH CTOpOHbI 3.n;aHH5I:


tlp = 0,55 x H (I'ext - l'int) + 0,03 x fext x v 2 .


(5.13)


Po = 0,5H(PH - PB) + 0,25v;PH(C EI - c 3 )K.


(5.17)




b f' '" "" i 1/""" I'" '''''' """ '" .., I" ., "'I"."" J, ""fl "" '" "" .,,,;,


1/""" I'" "" ". '''',,'' ." p' , "'1''' ",'d, '''''' "". '" "', "" i, .d


ITo MH€Hl'IIO aBTopa, HCIIOJIb30BaHlie B paeq€TaX 3HaqeHllSI yeJIOBHO-rrOCTO.SIHHO-
ro ,n;aBJIeHH.SI B 3)1aHllH He Bcer,l],a KoppeKTHO, rrOCKOJIbKY B H€KOTOPbIX eJIyqa.SIX 3TO
rrpHBO)1HT K cPopMaJIbHOMY HapYllIeHHIO 6aJIaHCa HHcPHJIbTpaII,HH H 3KCcPHJIbTpal
llll
B03,II,yxa Ha HaBeTpeHHoit cTopoHe 3)1aHH.SI.
TIpHMep 5.2. PaCqeT pacxo,n;a TelIJIOTbI Ha HarpeB llHcPHJIbTpYIOIIJ,eroc.SI B03,II,yxa B rro-
Mern.eHH.SIX TpeX3Ta)KHOH llIKOJIbl, paccMOTpeHHoit B rrpHMepe 5.1. Pa3pe3 3,l],aHH.SI ,il,aH
Ha pHe. 5.6.
1. Onpe,lJ,eJIeHHe Tpe6yeMoro corrpOTHBJIeHH.SI B03,II,yxorrpOHHII,aHHro RM no cPOPMY-
JIaM (5.12), (5.13) H (5.14).
'YH = 3463 = 1437 H/M 3 .
273 + (-32)' ,
3463 = 1190 H / M 3 .
'YB = 273 + 18' ,

p = 0,55 x 12,0 (14,37 - 11,90) + 0,03 x 14,37 x 6 2 = 31,8 ITa.
I1pH HopMaTHBHoH BeJIHqHHe B03,II,yxonpOHIIII,aHll.SI OKOH G M = 6 Kr/(M 2 .q) (Ta6JI. 5.3),


,II,JI.SI OKOH Bcex 3Ta)Keii npeBblllIeH HopMaTHB G M = 6 Kr/(M 2 'Q), II03TOMY npll
paCqeTe QM ,n;JI.SI Beex OKOH 6Y,il,eT rrpHH.SITO G M = 6 Krj(M 2 .q).
4. PaCqeT nOTepb TerrJIOTbI Ha HarpeBaHlle IIHqmJIbTpyro:w;eroeH B03.rryxa IIO <pop-
MY
'1e (5.11).


QM = 0,278 x 6 x 1,005 x 1,5 x 2[(18 - (-32)] x 0,8 = 201 BT.


1 ( 318 ) °'67
RM = "6 x 16- = 0,36 M 2 .q/Kr.
2. Orrpe,il,eJIeHIIe pa3HocTH ,lJ,aBJIeHllH rro <popMYJIaM (5.15) II (5.16).
i-it 3Ta)K:




t'J'
-......
II CIQ"
::t:: "
.........
.c:: I.r) ......
/I C'\j"
.c:: II






<'\i


PIfC. 5.6. Pa3pe3 3.n;aHH}I lllKOJIhI



p = 9,8(12 - 2,7)(1,465 - 1,213) + 0,5 x 1,465 x 6 2 [0,8 - (-0,6)] x 0,85 = 54,4 ITa,


r,l],e


353 / 3
PH = ( ) = 1,465 Kr M ;
273 - -32


353
PB = = 1,213 Kr/M3;
273 + 18


2-ii 3Ta)K:



p = 9,8(12 - 5,7)(1,465 - 1,213) + 0,5 x 1,465 x 6 2 [0,8 - (-0,6)] x 0,85 = 47.0 ITa;


3- it 3Ta)K:



p = 9,8(12 - 8,7)(1,465 - 1,213) + 0,5 x 1,465 x 6 2 [0,8 - (-0,6)] x 0,85 = 39,5 IIa.


3. Onpe,il,eJIeHH€ B03,II,yxorrpOHllII,aeMOCTII OKOH.
I-H 3Ta)K:


G M = (54,4/10)°,67 = 8 7 Kr/(M 2 .Q)'
0,36 ' ,


2-fi 3Ta)K:


G - (47,0/10)°,67 = 7 8 /( 2. ) .
M- ,KrMQ,
0,36


3-it 3Ta)K:


G - (39,5/10)°,67 = 7 0 /( 2. )
M - , Kr M q.
0,36


3779




r l1ABA 6


COCTaBllRIOL1J.ille
Ten1l0BOrO 6allaHCa nOMew.eH


rpa>KAaHCK
X
 o6
ecTBeHHblx 3AaH




IIOJIHble TerrJIOrrocTyrrJIeHIUI B rrOMem;eHIIe (BT) MO)KHO BbIpa3I1Tb CYMMOll:


L QnOCT = Q.JI + QOCB + Qc.o. + Qc.p. + QT.O. + Q3 + QnOB - Qm,
r,rl,e Q.JI - TerrJIOrrocTymleHII5I OT JIIO));ell, HaXO
5Im;IIXC5I B rrOMem;eHIIII; QOCB - Terr-
JIOrrOCTYIIJIeHII5I OT IICKYCCTBeHHoro OCBem;eHII5I; Q c.o. - TerrJIOrrocTyrrJIeHII5I OT OTO-
rrIlTeJIbHbIX rrpIl6opOB CIICTeMbI OTOrrJIeHII.5I (B XOJIO,[l,HbIll rrepIlO)); rO
1J,a); eCJIII CIICTeMa
060PY));OBaHa TepMOCTaTIIqeCKIIMII BeHTIIJI.5IMII, TerrJIOIIocTyrrJIeHII5I OT CilCTeMbI OTOII-
JleHII.5I IIPII paC"IeTe BeHTIIJI.5IUIIII II KB He Y"IIITbIBaIOT; Qc.p - TerrJIOrrocTyrrJIeHII5I
OT COJIHeqHOH pa,LI,IIau.llil (B TerrJIbIH II rrepeXO,II,HbIH rrepIIO));bI ro));a). BeJIII"IIIHY Qc.P.
paCC"IIITbIBaroT TOJlbKO ));JI51 TerrJIoro IIepllo,EJ,a; rrOJIY"IeHHOe 3HaT.J.eHlIe CrrpaBe,[l,JIlIBO
II ));JI5I rrepeXO,Ll,HOrO rrepIIO,LJ,a (1I3-3a YBeJIIIqCHII5I KocilHyea yrJIa rra));eHII5I COJIHeT.J.HbIX
JIY"Iell npil 06m;eM CHII)KeHilil pa,LJ,HaI
IIII). QT.O. - TerrJIOrrocTymleHII5I OT TCXHO.l0-
rII"IeCKOrO o60py,lJ,OBaHII5I, pacrrOJIO)KeHHOrO B rroMem;eHIIII; Q3 _.0 TeIIJIOIIocTyruleHII5I
OT 3JIeKTpOrrOTpe6,TI51IOm;erO 060pYLI,OBaHII.5I; QnoB- TeIIJIOrrocTYIIJIeHII5I OT HarpeTblx
rrOBepxHocTeH 060py,II.OBaHII5I, rOp5l"Iell rrIIIIUI
 rOp5lT.J.eH BOlIbI II IIpO"Iero: QTn TerrJIO-
Bble rroTepil rroMem;eHII.5I, YQIITblBaervlble 06bIqHO B XOJIO));HbIllll rrepeXO));HbIll rrepIIO)"J,bI.
6.1. TerrJIOTa, BbI));eJI5IeMa.51 .JIro));bMII, IIocTyrraeT B BH));e 5IBHOH II CKpblTOH COCTaB-
.JI5IIOIU.IIX II 3aBlICIIT OT T5I)KeCTH pa6oTbI, BbIIIO.JIH5IeMOH .JI1O));bMII, II TeMIIepaTypbI
B03,LJ,yxa B IIOMem;eHilil (IIpII.JI. 20).
KOJIlI"IeCTBO 5IBHOH TeTIJIOTbl (BT):


(6.1)


Q5f. = L qH . n.


(6.2)


KOJIH"IeCTBO IIOJIHOH TeIIJIOTbI (BT):


Qn = Lqn .n,


(6.3)


r,LJ,e n - qIlCJIO JIlO
eH.
6.2. KOJIIIT.J.eCTBO TerrJIOTbI, IIocTynarom;e:M OT IICTO"IHIIKOB IIcKyceTBeHHoro OCBe-
m;eIIII.5I, onpe,Ll,eJI.5IIOT II3 YC.JIOBli.51 rrpeo6pa30BaHM.5I ::meprHM, 3aTpaQIlBaeMOll Ha OCBe-
m;eHlIe, B TeIIJIOTY, HarpeBalO:ru.yro B03JJ,yX IIOMem;emrn:


QOCB = E . F . qOCB . T/OCB'


(6.4)


r));e E ypOBeHb oCBelu.eHHOCTIJ (.JIK), npIIHMMaeMblH no npIIJI. 17; F - IIJIOm;a));b nOJIa
rrOMem;eHll51 (M 2 ); qOCB - y));eJIbHble TeIIJIOBbI));eJleHII.5I (BT / (M 2 . JIK) ), rrpIlHHMaeMbIe
rro npIIJI. 18; TJoCB - ,LI,OJI.5I TeII.JIOTbI, nocTynarom;en B nOMem,eHlIe.


{f


I




t


J'I;


,

JI


;
&
d

:
'-1


Cuer" n h '" H "'( '" "",,,. 100"'0 6""", en "0. '" "!' '" ni



IIpIi paCIIOJIO)KeHilil llCTO"IHIIKOB CBeTa B rrorvlem;eHilil 'fJoCB = ]; BHe npe));eJIOB IIO-
Mem;eHII.5I (B T.J.ep));a"IHOM nOMeIII;eHIIII
 3a CTeKJI.5IHHOH cTeHoH): 0,45 - npH JIIOMilHec-
u;eHTHbIX JIaMnax Ii 0.15 - npli .JIarvmax HaKaJIIiBaHH5I.
6.3. TerrJIOnocTynJIeHII5I OT OTOnIITe.JIMlbIX IIpII6opOB CilCTeMbJ OTOrrJIeHII.5I paCC"IH-
TbIBaIOT ));.JI.5I nOMem;eHIIll C rrOCTO.5lHHO pa6oTarom;eH CilCTeMOH OTOn.JIeHIi:H Ii BeHTIIJI51-
mIll (KOH,JJ,IIU.I10HIIpOBaHH.5I) B03,IJ,yxa.
B pe)KIIMe BeHTII
-:r5lU.HH:


t - t
Qeo_ = Q cp.on. B.BeRT
Tn t cp . on . - t B . or . '


(6.5)


B pe)KHMe KOH,lJ,IIUHOHIIpOBaHII.5I:


Q = Q tcp.on. - tonT
C.u. Tn t _ t '
cp.orr. B.OT.


(6.6)


r,lJ,e QTn - CYMMapHbJe nOTepH TenJIOTbI nOMem;eHHeM, paCCQHTaHHbIe npIi TeMIIepaTY-
pe, nOMep)KIIBaeMOH ClieTeMOH OTOrr.JIeHlm; t cp . orr . - cpe)J,H.5I.5I TeMnepaTypa nOBepX-
HOCTII OTOnHTeJIbHblX npIl60pOB (OC);


t cp . orr _


t r -r- to


(6.7)


2


t r , to - TeMIIepaTypbJ TenJIOHOCIiTeJI.5I COOTBeTCTBeHHO B nOLI,aIOIII;eM II 06paTHOM TPy-
60npOBO)J,aX CHCTeMbI OTOn.JIeHIi:H (OC); t B . OT . - TeMnepaTypa B03,IIyXa B nOMenJ,eHHH,
npHHHMaeMMJ npll paC"IeTe CHCTeMbI OTOIIJIeHII.5I (OC); tB.BeRT - TeMnepaTypa B03-
));yxa B nOMem;eHIIII, npIlHilMaervIa:H npH paC"IeTe CHCTeMbI BeHTIIJI:HU;HIi (OC); t OIIT -
TeMnepaTypa B03,lJ,yXa B nOMeJu;eHIIII, IIpIIHHMaeMa.51 IIPH paCqeTe CHCTeMbI KOH));HU.II-
OHHpOBaHII5I (OC).
ECJ
I1 OTOIIHTeJIbHbIe npH60pbI 060pY));OBaHbI TepMOCTaTII"IeCKHMH BeHTH.JI5IMH II
t B . OT . < tB.BeHT, TO nocTynJIeHMe Ten.JIOTbI OT CHCTeMbI OTOII.JIeHH:H He Y"IHTbIBaroT.
6.4. IIocTynJIeHII.5I TeII.JIOTbI T.J.epe3 orpa)K));eHH5I OT COJIHeT.J.HOH pa,Ll,IIau.IIll paCC"III-
TbIBalOT B TenJIhIH II nepeXO,IJ,HbJH nepnO)J,bI rO)J,a IIO MeTO,IJ,HKe, 1I3JIO)KeHHO:M B rJIa-
Bax 19 H 24.
6.5. TenJIOnocTYII.JIeHII.5I OT TeXHmIOrH"IeCKOrO o6opy)J,oBaHM.5I KYXOHb orrpe,LJ,eJI.5IIOT
no MeTO,lJ,IIKe, npIIBe,IJ,eHHOH B DJaBe 24.
6.6. IIocTyrrJIeHHe TemIOTbl OT OCTbIBaHII.5I rOp5l"IeH rrHIll,H (BT):
KO.JIII"IeCTBO :HBHOH TenJIOTbI


Q5f. = qrr X C n (t RIl - t Krr ) x n
3,6 x Zn


(6.8)


r,n:e qrr - CpC)J,H.5I5I Macca Bcex 6.TIIO));, npIIxo,lJ,5IIII;IIXt:5J Ha O.II.HOro 06e));alOll
ero (Kr)
(06blT.J.HO 0,85 Kr); C n - YC.JIOBHa5I TemIOeMKOCTh 6JIIO.II., BXO,Ll,.5Im;MX B COCTaB o6e));a
(3,3 K,IJ;)K/(Kr.oC)); tHn, t Krr
 Ha"IaJlbHa.5lIl KOHeQHa.51 TervmepaTypa nHIlJ,I1, nocTyna-
IOm;eH B 06elIeHHbIll 3aJI (IffiK rrpaBII.JIO, tHn = 70° C, t KIl = 40 0 C); Zn -.- npO));O.JI)KII-
TeJIbHOCTb npIIeMa nHm;H O,lJ,HIiM lIoCeTHTeJIeM, 3aBHc.5IIlJ,a.51 OT Ha3Ha"IeHlI.5I 06e));eHHOrO
3aJIa: lJ,JI.5I pecTopaHoB Zn = 1 T.J., lIJI5I CTOJIOBblX ZII = 0,5...0,75 'I, .II.JI51 CTO.JIOBbIX
caMo06cny)KHBaHII.5I Zrr = 0,3 T.J.; n
 qIiCJIO nOCeTlITeJIen B 06e,LJ,eHHOM 3aJIe.
KOJIH"IeCTBO nO.'lHOll Ten.JIOTbJ


Qrr = 2Q5f.'


(6.9)




K
 36. f. /f/hU fl. ('"I"fI/I/I, U/liI'IIUI lf/t 11./"/;0-''' (II! ii/I"') IIU',/I IUII:/J!I




6.7. T€IIJIOIIOCTYIIJI€HllR OT Harp€TbIX IIoBepxHocTell (BT)


Qnon = 0:0 . F (tn - in) ,


(6.10)


r,n;€ F - IIJIOm;a,n;b HarpeToll IIOB€PXHOCTH (M 2 ); in - T€Mn€paTypa B03,nyxa B IIOMe-
:rn;eHllH (OC); t n - TeMIIepaTypa Harp€TOll nOB€pXHOCTH (OC); 0:0 - K03cPcPHU;H€HT
T€nJIOOT.n:a
H (BT/(M 2 .0C));


0:0 = 11,6.JV,


(6.11)


r,n;e V - CKOpOCTb ,n;BH:>KeHHR B03,nyxa OKOJIO YKPbITHll (M/C).
6.8. T€IIJIOnocTynJIeHHR OT rrepCOHaJIbHbIX KOMIIblOTepOB H 6bITOBbIX 3JI€KTpWle-
CKHX IIpH6opOB (3JIeKTpOHarpeBaT€JIell, 3JI€KTpOYTlOrOB, cyrnHJIOK H T. n.).
IIocTynJI€HH5I T€rrJIOTbI OT IIOCT05lHHO BKJIlOq€HHbIX KOMnbIDT€pOB, OCHam;eHHbIX
MOHHTOpOM C 3JIeKTpOHHO-JIy
eBoll Tpy6KOll, COCTaBJI5IIDT 250 . . . 300 BT, :>KH,D;KOKPH-
CTaJIJIHq€CKHM MOHHTOpOM - 200. ..250 BT. IIpH qHCJIe KOMnbIDTepOB B rrOMellJ,eHHM
6oJI€e 10 lliTYK BBO,n;51T K03cPcPHU;H€HT O)J;HOBpeMeHHOCTH pa60TbI Ko)J, = 0,8.
IIoeTYIIJIeHH5I T€IIJIOTbI OT IIOCT05lHHO BKJIlOqeHHbIX rrpH6opOB:


Q3 = N 3 X TJ9,


(6.12)


r,n;€ N 3 - 3JI€KTpHqeCKa51 MO:rn;HOCTb npH60pa (BT); TJ3 - K03cPcPRIJ,HeHT, yqHTbIBalO-
IlI,Hll )J;OJIIO T€IIJIOTbI, rrocTynalOm;€ll B nOMe:rn;eHH€.
ECJIH IIPH60p Haxo,n;IITC5I B nOM€m;€HIIIi 6€3 YKPbITII5I, TJ = 1; rrpH YCTpOlleTBe
CIIeU;lIaJIbHbIX YKPbITHll C OTBO,n;OM OT HllX B03.rryxa TJ = 0,6. . .0,2.
6.9. IIOT€pH T€IIJIOTbI qep€3 HapY:>KHbI€ Orpa
€HH5I nYT€M T€IIJIOIIep€,n;a
1I npli
pa60T€ B€HTHJI5IU;lUI H KOH,lI,IIU.HOHHpOBaHII5I B03.rryxa:
IIPIi BeHTHJI5IU;HII


""'" in - i H .5
QnoT.n. = LQnOT' i - t '
n.o. H.5


(6.13)


IIPIl KOH,II;HlJ,IIOHllpOBaHIIH


""'" t
nT - t H .5
QnOT.K. = L QnoT . t - i
n.o. H.5


(6.14)


r,n;e I: QnoT - B€JIHqIIHa TeIIJIOIIOTepb nOM€llJ,€HH€M, paCCqlITaHHbIX IIPH pa60T€ CH-
CT€MbI OTOIIJI€HH5I (BT); t n - Te
m€paTypa B03,.nyxa B IIOMellJ,€HHH npH paCq€T€ BeH-
THJI5IlJ,HH (OC); t
nT - OnTHMaJIbHa51 T€Mn€paTypa B03.rryxa npH paCqeTe KOHfJ:HUHo-
HHpOBaHHH (OC); i H .5 - TeMnepaTypa HapY:>KHOrO B03.rryxa IIPH paC
€T€ OTOIIJI€HHH
B XOJIO,LJ;HbIll nepHO,n; (OC); t n . o . - TeMIIepaTypa B03,.nyxa B nOMem;eHHH IIPH paCq€Te
OTOrrJI€HII5I.


IIpHMep 6.1. PaCq€T T€rrJIOBOrO 6a.rraHca nOM€m;€HHH yqe6HOrO KJIaCCa 110 YCJIOBH-
HM npHMepa H3 rJIaBbI 5. B KJIaCCe HaXO,LJ;51TCH 24 y
€HHKa (JIerKa51 pa6oTa) H o,LJ:Ha
y
llTeJIbHHIJ,a (pa6oTa cpe,n;H€ll TR:>K€CTH). IIoTepH TenJIOTbI, BKJIIO
a51 3aTpaTbI Ha Ha-
rpeB HHcPIIJIbTpYIOm;€rOCR B03.rryxa, COCTaBHJIH 3100 BT IIPH BHYTpeHHell TeMrr€paTYp€
in = 18° C.
1. Orrpe,n;€JIeHH€ napaM€TpOB HapY:>KHOrO II BHYTpeHH€rO B03,.nyxa C rrpHM€HeHHeM
i-d-,n;HarpaMMbI II [26].


,
t
i


1 1




( ',.. ""'" '" '" "'.W "",," "" <co ,., '" "n, "n ", ,,'.' ",,", .d


Ta6JIHu;a 6.1 ITapaMeTpbI HapY>KHOrO B03.n.yxa.


PaC'IeTHble ITapaMeTpbI A ITapaMeTpbI B
rrepHO.IJ:bI tH,OC I i H , d H1 I
HI % tH.oC i H , dH, P6ap, KITa
K,lJ,>K/Kr r/Kr K,Ll,>K / Kr r/Kr
H, %
TIT 21,2 50,5 11,2 72 -
- 99,5
ITY 10,0 26,5 6,6 84 10 26,5 6,6
84 99,5
XIT - - - -32 -31,6 0,3
85 99,5


Ta6JIHu;a 6.2 I1apaMeTpbJ BHYTpeHHero B03.n.yxa


PaCqeTHbIe ,Ll,orrycTllMbIe YClIOBIlH I1pHHliMaeMbIe 3HaqeHHR
rrepHo)J,bI tB,OC
B, % VB, M/C
tB,OC
B' % Ve, M/C
TIT tH,A + 3 = 24,2 ::;; 65 ::;; 0,5 24 < 65
< 0,5
ITY 18-23 ::;; 60 ::;;0,3 20 < 60
< 0,3
xrr 1823 ::;; 60 ::;; 0,3 20 < 60
< 0,3


ITpllMeqaHHe. IT.?Mern;eHllH, B KOTOpbIX JIIO)J,H 3aHHTbI YMCTBeHHbIM TPY)J,OM, yqe60iI, OTHOCHTCH K
rrOMern;eHllRM 2-H KaTerOpHll (rrpHJI. 2).
2. Orrpe.n.eJI€HH€ nOCTYIIJI€HHll T€IIJIOTbI.
2.1. IIocTYIIJIeHHe T€rrJIOTbI OT JIIO,n;€M.
T€rrJIbIll rr€pHO,n;: t B = 24° C (rrpIIJI. 20).
KOJIIIq€CTBO RBHOM T€nJIOTbI: QR = 24 X 72 X 0,75 + 1 X 77 X 0,85 = 1360 BT.
KOJIH
€CTBO rrOJIHOll TenJIOTbI: Qn = 24 X 146 X 0,75 + 1 X 210 X 0,85 = 2800 BT.
XOJ'10,LI,HbIll II rrep€XO,LI,HbIll n€pHO,LI,bI, t B = 20° C (rrpHJI. 20).
KOJIHqeCTBO 51BHOll TerrJIOTbI: QJi = 24 X 100 X 0,75 + 1 X 105 X 0,85 = 1890 BT.
KOJIH
€CTBO IIOJIHOll TenJIOTbI: Qn = 24 X 150 X 0,75 + 1 X 205 X 0,85 = 2875 BT.
2.2. IIoeTynJI€HHe TenJIOTbI OT IIeK Y CCTBeHHor o OCB€IIJ.€H Uc::r
H.I1 JIIOMHHeCI1,€HTHbIMH
JIaMrraMH.
YpOBeHb OCBem;eHHOCTH KJIaCca: E = 300 JIK (rrpHJI. 17).
IIJIom;a,II,b rrOJIa: F = 9,4 X 5,4 = 50,8 M 2 .
Y,n;€JIbHbI€ rroeTynJI€HHH TerrJIa qOCB = 0,058 (rrpIiJI. 18),


Qocn = 300 X 50,8 X 0,058 = 880 BT.


2.3. TeIIJIOnocTYIIJIeHH5I OT CnCT€MbI OTOIIJI€HH5I IIPH t n = 20° C:


82,5 - 20
Qc.o. = 3100 82 = 3005 BT
,5-18 '
r,n;€ ton = (95 + 70)/2 = 82,5° C CP€,n;HH5I T€Mn€paTypa IIOBepXHoeTH OTOnHTeJIbHbIX
rrpH6opOB.
2.4. IIOCTYIIJI€HH€ T€nJIOTbI OT COJIHe
HOll pa,II,HaU;HH (M€TO,LI;JIKa pacq€m 1I3JIO:>K€Ha
B rJIaBax 19 H 24).
Qc.p. = 1020 BT.
2.5. ITOT€PH TeIIJIOTbI nOMem;€HH€M npn t n = 20° C.




b, 1: Inh" b. ('",. mn" '"''>I''.''' """uo,;o,,, n.u"",'" "v. H' "" n""


XOJIO));HbIn II€PllO)J,:


20 - ( -32)
Q B = 3100 = 3225 BT.
Tn 18 - ( -32)


I1€peXO)..!,HbI€ YCJIOBll.H:


20 - 10
Q B = 3100 ) = 620 BT.
Tn 18 - ( -32


2.6. IIocTynJI€Hll€ T€IIJIOTbI OT II€pCOHaJIhHbIX KOMilbIOT€POB (12 liT.).
K03<pqmIJ;M€HT O));HOBP€M€HHOCTII pa60TbI Koll. = 1.
KOMilblOT€PbI OCHaIll,€HhI 3JI€KTPOHHO-JIY'Lf€BbIMII MOHllTopaMll:


QTex = 250 X N = 250 X 12 = 3000 BT.


Ta6JIR
a 6.3 TenJIoBoH 6a.rraHc nOMemeHIUI


Ib6bITOK TenJIoHa-
TeITJIOITOcTYITneHH
, BT np
.>KeH-
QTn, TeITJIOTbI,
TIepHo,n:bI Bcero BT BT HOCTb
ro,n;a OT mO)J:eH QOCB Qc.p. Qc.o. QTex Q5IjV,
Q5I Qn Q5I Qn Q5I Qn BT/ M 3
TIT 1360 2800 - 1020 - 3000 5380 6820 - 5380 6820 36
TIY 1890 2875 - 1020 - 3000 5910 6895 620 5290 6275 35
XIT 1890 2875 880 - 3005 3000 8775 9760 3223 5550 6535 37


rllABA 7


nocryn/leHIi1f1 B/larli1
B nOMeLJ.J.eHIi1f1


BO,II,.HHble IIapbI IIOCTYIIaIOT B IIOM€U
eHll.H OT JIIO)..!,€n, 6bITOBbIX rrpll60pOB, T€XHOJIO-
rlf'LfeCKOrO 060PY));OBaHll.H, rOp.H'I€H IIIlIIJ;U, CMOq€HHbIX IIOB€PXHOCT€n orpa}f()J;aIOIIJ,IlX
KOHCTPYKIl,IlH (BaHH, Mill€n, IIpaq€qHbIX) II e OTKpbITbIX IIOB€PXHOCT€n.
7.1. KOJIWI€CTBO BJrarII, nOCTYIIaIOIIJ,€n OT JIIO,II,€n (Kr/'Lf), 3aBIICIIT OT T€MII€paTypbI
B03)Iyxa B IIOM€m;€HHII II CT€II€HII T.H)K€CTII pa60TbI:


W BJI = m . n,


(7.1)


r)J,€ m - KOJIH'Lf€CTBO BJIarH (Kr/q), BbIlI,€JI.H€MO€ O));HHM q€JIOB€KOM (IIPHJI. 20), n _
qUCJIO JIIO));€H B rrOM€IIJ;€HHII.
B IIpllJIO)K€Hllli 20 )..!,ano KOJUIqeCTBO BJrarll, BbI));€JI.H€l\m€ B3pOCJlbIMII MY)K"IIIHaMII.
)K€Hll
HHbI BbI,LI:emllOT 85%, a .LI,€Tll 75% OT YKa3aHHhIX 3HaqenIIH.
7.2. I1oerYIIJIeHll.H BJIarH 0'1' rOp.Hq€H IIllIIJ,H (Kr / 'I) :
]vI _ k x 3,6 X QnoJI.r.n.
BJI - 2500 + 1,8 . t B '


(7.2)


I


r,LI:€ QnoJI.r.n. IIOCTYIIJI€HII€ rrommH T€IIJIOThI OT rOp.H'I€H IIIIIll,II (BT); k = 0,34 __
K03<P<P H Il,H€HT, Y"IIIThIBalOm;IlH )KIIpOBYIO IIJI€HKY Ha rrOB€pXHOCTH IIllm;H; t B -- T€MII€-
paTypa B03,rryxa B IIOl\'1eIll,€Hllli (OC).
7.3. I10CTYIIJI€HH.H BJIaf'TI 0'1' TeXHOJIOrU"I€CKOrO 060PY));OBaHH.H rOp.H'IHX Il,€XOB.
lIocTyrrJI€HH.H BJIarH 0'1' o6opy)..!,oBaHH.H, OCHaII
eHHoro rrpHTO'IHO-BhIT.H)KHbIMH JIO-
KaJIIl3YIOIIJ;HMII YCTpoHcTBaMH (lIB.TlY) (n.-IIIT, CKOBOPO));, KOTJIOB II ,Lij).), H€ Y'IHThIBa-
lOT. BbI));€JI€HH.H BJIarH H€MO.rryJIllpOBaHHhIM 060PY,LI:OBaHll€M 6€3 lIBJIY II T€IIJIOBbIM
o6opy.n:OBaHll€M, YCTaHOBJI€HHbIM B pa3,l.1,aTO"IHOM IIPO€M€, ,l.I,aHhI HII)K€.
BhI));€JI€HII€ BJIarR O,l.l,HIIM BapO'IHbI1vI KOTJIOM 06'b€MOM 40 JI COCTaBJm€T 3 Kr/'I,
60 .II - 5 Kr / "I, 125 .11- 10 Kr / 'I. BJIarOBhI,l.l,€JI€Hll.H C IIOB€pXHocTei1: T€IIJIOBOH CTOHKII
II MapMIITa paBIIhJ 0,7 Kr/(Q'M 2 ).
lIpH pa60T€ 0AHoro BapO'IHOrO KOTJIa K03<P<PHIl,II€HT 3arpY3KH k3 = 0,3, IIPH
HCIIOJIh30BaHIIII H€CKOJIbKHX KOTJIOB BBO,II,.HT K03<P<PIIIl,U€HT O,II,HOBP€M€HHOH pa60ThI
Ku = 0,7.
7.4. lIOCTYIIJI€HII.H BJIarII 0'1' OTKpbITOH IIOB€PXHOCTll BO));bI (Kr / "I):


I


F
Af BJI = 7,4(a + 0,017. V B )(p2 - pI) . 101,3-,
P6


(7.3)


r)J,€ a - <paKTop CKOpOCTII ));BR)K€HII.H B03
xa 1I0)); BJIll.HHII€M rpaBII'TaIl,HOHHbIX eUJI,
3aBIIC.HIII;Hn OT T€MIIepaTyphI IIOB€PXHOCTII BO));!>L HII)K€ ));aHbI 3Ha"I€HII.H a .IJ;JI.H B03.rryxa
IIplI T€MII€paTYP€ rrOB€pXHOCTII BO,lJ,hI OT 18 ,lJ,O 100 0 C.





 40, f'lllhll t', /f')f '!,I/Ii /fHIJH h.Ui"U " !I(,"', Il
' IIU}I




TeMIIepaTypa
IIOBepXHOCTH MeHee 30 30...40 40...50 50.. .60 60.. .70 70...80 80.. .90 90 . .. 100
BO).!;bl, °C
(}>aKTop 0,022 0,028 0,033 0,037 0,041 0,046 0,051 0,06
CKOpOCTH, a


VB - CKOpOCTb ,n;BlDKeHH5r B03AYxa Ha,n; rrOBepXHOCTbIO HCrrapeHH5r (M/C); P2 - rrap-
IJ,HaJIbHOe ,n;aBneHHe HaCblru;€HHOrO BO,n;5rHOrO rrapa (KITa) npH 3a,n:aHHOll TeMnepaType
rrOBepxHocTH BO,n:bI, orrpe,n:en5reMOe no <popMYJIe cI>HJIbHe5r:


156+8.12xt
P2 = 0,1333 x 10 236+t


PI - napIJ,HaJIbHOe ,n:aBneHHe BO,II,.HHOrO napa B B03.IJ,yxe rrOMeru;eHH5r (KITa):


PI = !.pB X PHac,


PHac - rrapUllaJIbHO€ ,lI,aBneHHe HaCbIIIIeHHoro BOMHoro rrapa rrpH TeMrrepaType BHYT-
peHHero B03AYxa; F - rrnoru;a,n:b rrOBepXHOCTH llcrrapeHH.H (M 2 ); P6 - paCqeTHO€ 6a-
pOMeTpHqeCKOe ,n;aBneHHe, xapaKTepHoe ,n;n5r ,n;aHHoll MeCTHOCTH (KITa).
ITpH HeH3MeHHOll TeMrrepaType HenO
H.>KHOii BO,II,bI TeMrrepaTYPY rrOBepXHoeTH ee
HenapeHH.H rrpHHHMalOT no CJI€,nyIOru;IIM ,n;aHHbIM:


TeMnepaTypa BO).l;bI, °C 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
TeMnepaTypa nOBepXHOCTH HcnapeHH}I, °C 18 28 37 45 51 58 69 82 97


ITpII rrepeMeIIIHBaHHH BO,II,bI TeMnepaTYPY nOB€pXHOCTH ee HerrapeHHH IIpHHllMaIOT
paBHoH cpe,lI,Heii TeMrrepa Type BO,lI,bl.
7.5. KOnHqeCTBO BnarH, HClIapSlIOru;ellcSI co eMOqeHHbIX 1I0BepxHocTeii orpa)K,n:eHH.H
3,n;aHH5r II 06opy,n;oBaHH5r, MO.>KHO onpe.rr,enHTb no <popMyn€ (7.3) IIPH a = 0,031.
7.6. KOJIWI€CTBO BJIarll, HcnapSlIOIIIeHcH co CMOqeHHOll nOBepXHOCTH IIOJIa (Krjq),
MO)KHO OlIpe,n:enHTb IIO npH6JIII.>KeHHOH <popMYJIe:


MB:JJ = 4,2 . M . (t H - t K ) . r,


(7.4)


r,n:e M - KOJIH'tJeCTBO BO,II,bI, eTeKaIOIIJ,ell Ha nOJI (Kr j q); t H , t K - COOTBeTCTBeIllIO
Ha'tJaJIbHoe 11 KOHeqHOe 3HaqeHIISI TeMlIepaTypbI BO,lI,bI (OC); r = 2500 K,lJ,)K/Kr
Y,lI,enbHaSl TenJIOTa nap006p8.30BaHH5r BO,1]..bl.
7.7. Konn-qecTBo BnarH, HcnapSlIOru;eiic.H C MOKpOH IIOB€PXHOCTH 1I0na.
ECJIH BJIara Haxo,n;HTeSl Ha IIOBepXHOCTH IIOJIa B TeqeHHe ,n:JIHTeJIbHoro BpeMeHU, ee
HenapSlIOIIIeeC5r KOJIHqeeTBO (r /'tJ) OlIpe,II,en5rIOT no npU6JII1)K€HHOH <poprvIYJIe:


MB:JJ.n:JJ.
 (6 -;- 6,5)(t B - t M ) . F,


(7.5)


r,n;e t B , t M - TeMIIepaTypa B03,nyxa B IIOMell
eHHH eOOTBeTCTBeHHO IIO CYXOMY H no
MOKPOMY TepMOMeTpaM (OC); F - nnoru;a)J;b nOBepXHOC'TH IIOJIa (M 2 ).
7.8. KOJIHqeCTBO BJIarH, HCnapSlIOIIJ,eHC.H C nOBepXHOCTH KUII5rru;eH BO,n;bI, COCTaBJI5r-
eT npHMepHo 40 Kr / (q . M 2 ).
IIpHMep 7.1. Onpe.rr,eJIeHH€ nocTynJIeHHSI BJIarn OT JIIo,n:eM, HaXO,1]..Slru;HXCSI B yqe6HOM
KJIaCCe, npll YCJIOBH.HX, yKa3aHHblx B npHMepe 6.1.


1/"", "'i' u. ,",." h """ " ""w,, (' IWR



TeIIJIbIM lIepllO.n;: t B = 24°C,
pa60Ta cpe,n;HeH T.H.>KeCTH mB:JJ = 176 r / ( -q . qeJI),
nenffi.H pa60Ta mB:JJ = 107 r / (q . 'Ien),
M = 24 x 107 x 0,75 + 176 x 1 x 0,85 = 2075 rj-q = 2,075 Kr/q;


lIepeXO,II,HbIM II XOJIO,1]..HbIM nepHo.n;bI: t B = 20° C,
pa60Ta epe,lI,Hell T5r)KeCTll mBJ] = 140 r / ( -q . "feJI),
JIerKa5r pa60Ta mBJ] = 75 r j ( q. qen),
M = 24 x 75 x 0,75 + 140 x 1 x 0,85 = 1470 r/-q = 1,47 Krjq.
Pe3YJIbTaTbI paCqeTOB no rrpHMepaM 6.1 H 7.1 CBe.n;eHbI B Ta6JIIlIO' 7.1.


Ta6JIul.\a 7.1 Bbl).!;eJIeHH}I TenJIOTbl l! BJIarH B nOMeIIJ.eHl!H


IToMeI.U;eHlJe PaCqeTHbIM nepHO).!; QH, BT Qn, BT MB.JI, Krjq Q IT, K,1J;)K j q QnjMB.JI
y qe6HbIM KJIaCC TIT 5380 6820 2.075 24550 11830
ITIT 5290 6275 1,47 22590 15370
XIT 5550 6535 1,47 23530 16000


IIpHMep 7.2. Orrpe.n;eJIeHHe KOJIH1f.eCTBa BJIarll, rroeTynalOIIJ,ell B nOMeIIJ,eHlle C OT-
KpbITOH rrOBepXHOCTH HarpeToii BO,Il,bI. ITnoru;a,Il,b rrOBepXHOCTH llcrrapeHH5r F = 5,0 M 2 ,
TeMlIepaTypa BO)I.bJ tBO)J,bI = 36° C, IIapaM€TpbI B03AYxa BHYTpn IIOMeIIJ,eHll5r: VB =
= 0,2 M/C, t B = 18° C, 'PB = 60%. PalloH CTpOHTeJIbCTBa - MOCKBa. P6 = 99,5 KITa.
1. TeMnepaTypa IIOBepXHOCTH HCIIapeHH5r t n = 33,4° C.
2. IIapIJ,HaJIbHble ,Il,aBJIeHH.H IIPH nOJIHOM HaCbIru;eHHH rrpH t n = 33,4° C II t B =
= 18° C:


156 + 8,12 x 33.4
PI = 133,3 x 10 236 + 33,4 = 5136 ITa
 5,14 KITa,
P = 133 x 10 156 + 8,12 x 18 = 2062 ITa
 2 , 06 Kii a .
2 236 + 18
IIapIJ;HaJIbHoe )I.aBJIeHlle BO,II,.HHOro lIapa B B03,IIyxe IIOMeru;eHllSl IIPH 'PB = 60%


P2 = 2,06 x 0,6 = 1,24 KITa.
3. c:I>aKTop CKOpOCTH no a = 0,0256.
4. KOJIHqeCTBO BJIarH, HcrrapHBIneiic5r C IIoBepxHocTH:


I


101,3
M Bn = 7,4(0,0256 + 0,017 x 0,2)(5,14 - 1,24) x 5- = 0,85 Kr/'f..
99,5


5. KOJIllqeeTBO CKpbITOH TeIIJIOTbI:


QCKP = 0,85(2500 + 1,8 x 33,4)/3,6 = 604 BT.


TIpHMep 7.3. OIIpe,n;eneHHe KOJIHqeCTBa BJIaI'll, HcrrapSlIOru;€iic.H co CMOqeHHOH IIO-
BepXHOCTH IIOJIa IIJIOm;a,I],blO 24 M 2 IIPH TeMnepaType B03,JJ.,yxa BHYTPll IIOMellI,eHllSl
t a = 20° C
 OTHOCMTeJlbHOii BJIa)KHOCTH 'Pa = 50%. TeMnepaTypa B03,ayxa rrOMeru;e-
Hll.H, orrpe,n;eJIeHHa.H no MOKPOMY TepMOM€TPY, t MT = 13,5° C.


AIM = 6,2(20 - 13,5) x 24 = 967 r/q;:::::; 0,97 Krj"f.




r llABA 8


i-d - AL-1arpaMMa BJ1a>KHOrO B03Ayxa.
nOCTpoeH
e OCHOBHblX npo4eccoB
L-13MeHeH
11 COCT011HL-111 B03Ayxa.
T enJ10BJ1a>KHOCTHOe OTHOWeHL-1e


i-d-)1;HarpaMMa CB5I3blBaeT 5 napaMeTpoB BJImKHOro B03,rryxa: 3HTaJIbIIHIO, BJIaroco-
,1],ep)lffiHHe, TeMnepaTYPY, OTHOCHTeJIbHYIO BJIaMHOCTb H )1;aBJIeHHe HaCblIIJ,eHHbIX BO-
,1J,5IHbIX napOB npH 3a)1;aHHOM 6apOMeTpWIeCKOM )1;aBJIeHHH. ITpH H3BeCTHbIX )1;BYX na-
paMeTpax no i-d-,II,HarpaMMe MO)KHO onpe,II,eJIHTb Bce OC'IaJIbHbIe.
i-d-,1J,HarpaMMa (pllC. 8.1) nOCTpoeHa B KocoyrOJIbHOH CllCTeMe KOOplJllHaT C .o;e-
JIbIO YBeJIllQeHll5I pa60qeH nJIOIIJ,a)1;ll, npHXO,1],5Iru:eHC5I Ha 06JIaCTb BJIa)KHOrO B03,rryxa
II JIe)lffiIIJ,eH BblllIe JIllHHH ip = 100%. YroJI Me)K,IJ,y OC5IMH COCTaBJI5IeT OT 135 ,1J,0 150°.
i-d- ,1J,llarpaMMa BJIa)KHOrO B03n;yxa
 3TO OCHOBHOH llHCTpYMeHT ,1],JI5I nocTpoeHIuI
npo.o;eccOB H3MeHeHll5I ero napaMeTpOB. ,II;JI5I nOCTpOeHn5I i-d-)1;narpaMMbl npHMeHeHbl
CJIe,rryIOIIJ;lle ypaBHeHlliI.
9HTaJIbnH5I BJIa)KHOrO B03)Jyxa:


i = 1,005 x t + (2500 + 1,8 x t) x d/1000 KlI)K/Kr,


(8.1)


r)1;e t - TeMnepaTypa B03AYxa (OC); d - BJIarOCO)1;ep)KaHHe B03,rryxa (r/Kr),


PEn


d = 622
P6ap - PBn


(8.2)


PBn - )J,aBJIeHHe BO,1],5IHbIX napOB (ITa),


PBn = ip X PHac;


(8.3)


PHac - ,n:aBJIeHHe HaCbIIIJ,eHHbIX BO)J,5IHbIX napOB (ITa),


( 156+8, 12t )
P = 1 3 3 3 x 10 236+t
H
, ,


(8.4)


(<I>opMYJIa <I>llJIbHe5I), <p - OTHOCHTeJIbHa5I BJIa)KHOCTb B03,rryxa (%); P6ap - 6apoMeT-
pHqeCKOE' )J,aBJIeHlle (ITa), 3aBHC5IIIJ,ee OT paHoHa cTpOllTeJIbCTBa (:MocKBa - 99,5 KITa).
,II;JI5I TOqHOrO nOCTpOeHH5I npo.o;eCCOB Tpe6yeTC5I id-,II,HarpaMMa, nOCTpOeHHa5I ,II,JI5I
3a,II,aHHoro 3HaqeHH5I P6ap.
OCHoBHble npo.o;eCCbl Ha i -d-)1;llarpaMMe (pHC. 8.1).
1. HarpeB B03A,vxa 6e3 H3MeHeHH5I ero BJIaroCO)1;ep)lffiHUH (d = const) Ha ,n:HarpaM-
IVIe 0603HaqeH JIHHHeH 1-2. TaKoH npo.o;ecc o6pa60TKll B03,rryxa npOHCXO)1;llT B KaJIOpll-
cPepe. C pOCTOM TeMnepaTypbI II 3HTaJIbnHll B03)Jyxa YMeHbllIaeTC5I ero OTHOCHTeJIb-
Ha5I BJla)KHOCTb.


lIun" p"""" '" """" "'., "p''',,,, me u.' '" "''','" ,.,,, W"",, "" "" "I>vu



2. Ox.i1mK)1;eHne B03,rryxa 6e3 II3MeHeHll5I ero BJIarOCOlJep)lffiHll5I (d = const) npo-
llCXO)1;HT B nOBepxHocTHOM B03,rryxoOXJIa,II,llTeJIe. C YMeHbllIeHHeM TeMrrepaTypbl H 3H-
TaJIbnllH YBeJIHqHBaeTC5I OTHOCHTeJIbHa5I BJIa)KHOCTb B03,rryxa (JIllHH5I 1---3). EeJIli B npo-
.o;ecce OXJIa)K)1;eHH5I B03,rryxa ero OTHOellTeJIbHa5I BJIaMHOCTb YBeJIHqllTC5I )1;0 100910
(TOqKa 4), TO rrpH ,II,aJIbHeHllIeM OTBO)1;e TenJIOTbl npo.o;ecc OXJIa)K,II,eHll5I npO)1;OJI)KllT-
C5I no ,JIHHlln HaCblIIJ,eHHOrO napa (npou,ecc 4-5) C YMeHbllIeHneM BJIarOCO)1;ep)lffiHH5I
( oCYllIeHlleM) B03n;yxa. B nOBepxHocTHOM B03,IIyxoOXJIa,II,HTeJIe npOl
ecc 4- -5 conpo-
BO)KlI,aeTC5I KOH)1;eHcau,HeH BJIarH Ha TenJIOrrepe,n:aIOru:err nOBepxHocTH, QTO YXY,II,IIIa-
eT npou,ecc TenJIo06MeHa. IT03TOMY )1;JI.H ocymeHH.H B03,rryxa 3TOT annapaT, KaK npa-
BIIJIO, He HCIIOJIb3YIOT. ITpocPeccopOM 0.51. KOKOpHHblM peKOMeH,II,OBaHbl CJIe,IIylOIIJ,He
MaKCHM3.JIbHbIe 3HaqeHll5I OTHOCHTeJIbHOH BJIa)KHOCTll B03,rryxa ipmax, OXJIa)K)I;eHHoro
B 1I0BepXHOCTHOM B03,rryXOOXJIa,II,llTeJIe, rrpH HaQaJIbHOn OTHOCllTeJIbHOll BJIa)KHOCTH
B03,rryxa ipHaq:


ipHaq
 45 %
45% < ipHaq
 70%
ipHaq > 70%


ipmax = 88%;
ipmax = 92%;
ipmax = 98%.


I


Ha i-d-,n:HarpaMMe rrpo.o;ecc OXJIa)K,II,eHII.H H OCYllIKll 0603HaqaeTC5I np5IMOH JIHHll-
en, coe,n:HH5IIOIIJ,en TOqKH 1 II 5.
O,1J,HaKO BCTpeQa C ip = 100 % JIHHHH OXJIa)K)I;eHll5I IIO d = const llMeeT CBoe
c06CTBeHHoe Ha3BaHlle
 3TO TOqKa pOCb!. ITo rrOJIO)KeHllIO 3TOH TOQKll JIerKO olIpe)1;e-
JI5IeTC5I TeMnepaTypa TOqKll pOCbl.
3. 1130TepMHQeCKliH rrpou;ecc t = const (JIHHll5I 1-6 Ha pHC. 8.1). Bce lIapaMeTpbl
B03pacTaIOT. Y BeJIllQHBaeTC5I II TenJIO, H BJIarOCO)1;ep:>KaHlle, II OTHOCllTeJIbHa5I BJIa)K-
ROCTb. B peaJIbHOH )Kll3HH - 3TO YBJIa)KHeHHe B03,LI,yxa napOM. To He60JIbllIOe KO-
JIHQeCTBO 5IBHOrO TelIJIa, KOTopoe BHOCllTC5I napOM, 06blQHO He YQHTblBaeTC5f IIpll no-
CTpoeHHH npou;ecca, T. K. OHO He3HaQllTeJIbHO. O,II,HaKO TaKoe YBJIa)KHeHHe .n;OCTaTOQHO
3HeproeMKO.
4. A)l,lla6aTHb1H ll303HTaJIbnHllHblH rrpOllecc i = const (JIIfHH5I 1-7 Ha pHC. 8.1).
CHll)lffieTC5I TeMnepaTypa B03,rryxa, YBeJIHqllBaeTC5I BJIaroco)J,ep:>KaHHe H OTHOCllTeJIb-
Ha5I BJIaJKHOCTb. ITpou,ecc ocyru:eCTBJI5IeTC5I npH HerroCpe)1;CTBeHHoM KOHTaKTe B03,rry-
xa C BO)1;OH, rrpOXO,1],5I JIH60 Qepe3 opolliaeMYIO HaCa,1J,KY, JIH60 Qepe3 cPOPCYHOqHYIO
KaMepy.
ITpH rJIy6llHe opolliaeMoH HacalIKH 100 MM MO)KHO nOJIYQHTb B03,rryX C OTHOCll-
TeJIbHOH BJIa)KHOCTbIO <p = 45 % rrpn HaqaJIbHOH 10 %, HaCa,II,Ka rJIy6llHOH 200 MM
,Il,aeT ip = 70 %, a 300 MM - ip = 90 % (no )l,aHHbIM 6JIOK-KaMep COTOBoro YBJIa)K-
nCHll5I cPllpMbI BE3A). ITpoxo,n:.H Qepe3 cPOPCYHOQHYIO KaMepy, B03l\YX YBJIa)KH5IeTC.H
,1],0 BeJIHQHHbI <p = 90...95 %, HO co 3HaQHTeJIbHO 60JIbIIlllMH 3Hepr03aTpaTaMH Ha
paCIIbIJIeHHe BO,1],bl, QeM B opOlliaeMblX HaCa,IIKaX.
IIpo)1;oJI)KHB JIllHllIO i = const ,1],0 <p = 100 % Mbl IIOJIYQHM TOQKY (H TeMIIepaTYPY)
MOKporo TepMOMeTpa; 3TO paBHOBeCHa5I TOqKa npH KOHTaKTe B03,rryxa C Bo,n:on.
O)1;HaKo B alIIIapaTax, r,1],e IIpOHCXO,II,HT KOHTaKT B03,IIyXa C BO,LI,On, oc06eHHo no
a,1..l:Ha6aTHQCCKOMY U;llKJIY, B03MO)KHO B03HllKHOBeHlle 60JIe3HeTBopHon cPJIOpbI, H no-
3TOMY TaKHe annapaTbl 3arrpeIIJ,eHbl ,LI,JI5I HCIIOJIb30BaHIHI B p5I,II,e r.Ie,1..l:HIJ;llHCKHX H npo-
.LJ;OBOJIbCTBenHbIX OTpaeJIeH.





 r.ILaea 8. flocmpoeune OC'Hoeu'btx npov,eCC06 lI.1Me'He'HIJ.1! COCmOR'HIJ.1! eo,J()yxa


flocmpoeuue OC'H06U'btX npov,eCC06 U3MeueuUJ! COCmOR'ltUJ/, 6o,J()yxa



nopquonbHOe aOBneHue BOaRHblX nopoB 10 2 H/M2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
50 C'P')
1, 10
 o\a



 0\0

..




 0'0 c.
1,12 ,0 01 0
40
 01 0
ij 01 0
.1, 14 1 0 0 0/0

 0 0/0 f
2 q 0 00
,0
1,16 ,
O

O
--.) 1,18 ,00
6
c:3

 qO
C't) 1,20
a '0 0
to 20
, YenoBoiJ t!j KIIJIC

 7 1 0 K03cpfjluqueHm E = -, -
e t M . T 122 t:::)
 t!d K2
c:3





c:: t Tp €>o . t:::) c:::s


'"



1,24

10 'JO ,;'J OO
1,26 3 000
AO
1,28 2500
0 ,;0 3HmonbnuR i, KAx / Ke
1,30 <'Soo
,32
O $00
a
,


o

\\
1,34 ""'"

0 0 °0
0
o
0
,0 I 0
,36
0


B cTpaHax C )JillpKIIM II CYXIfM KJIIfMaTOM annapaTbI a,n;lfa6aTHoro YBJIa)KHeHIf51
B03AYxa BeCbMa pacnpocTpaHeHbI. TaK, HanpnMep, B Bar,n;a,n;e nplf ,n;HeBHoll TeMnepa-
Type 46° elf OTHOCIfTeJIbHOH BJIa)KHOCTIf 10% B npon;ecce 1f33HTaJIbIIHOrO YBJIa)KHeHIf51
nplfTOqHOrO B03AYxa ero TeMnepaTYPY nOHIf:>KaIOT ,n;o 23° C If nplf 10. . .20-KpaTHoM
B03AYXo06MeHe B IIOMe
eHIfIf nOJIyqalOT KOM<popTHble napaMeTpbI BHYTpeHHero B03-
AYxa: TeMnepaTYPY 26° C If OTHOCIfTeJIbHYIO BJIa)KHOCTb 60 . . . 70%.
IIplf nOCTpoeH1f1l Ha i-d-,n;lIarpaMMe npou;eCCOB 06pa60TKIf BJIa)KHOrO B03AYxa
nplfH5ITO IfCnOJIb30Ba Tb CJIe,n;yIOIU;lfe HaIIMeHOBaHIf51 xapaKTepHbIX TOqeK:
H - HaPY)KHbIM B03,n;yX;
B - BHYTpeHHlfii B03,L1yX;
K - B03AYX, HarpeTbIM B KaJIOpll<pepe;
IT - nplfTOqHbIM B03AYX;
Y - B03AYX, y,n;aJI5IeMbIll 1f3 nor..1em;eHII5I;
o - OXJIa)l(,I1;eHHbIM B03AYX;
C - C1vIeCb ,n;BYX nOTOKOB B03AYxa;
TP - TOqKa pOCbI;
TM - TOqKa MOKporo TepMOMeTpa.
ITplf CMellIlfBaH1f1f B03AYxa ,n;BYX napaMeTpOB C MaccaMH G l If G 2 JIIIHIf51 CMeCII -
3TO np5lIvra5l, coe,n;IfH5I1Oru;a£ 3TlI napaMeTpbI, a y,n;eJIbHa51 3HTaJIbIIIf51 CMeCIf:


'lCM =


G l X i 1 + G 2 x i 2
G 1 + G 2


(8.5)


BJIaroco,n;ep:>KaHlfe CMeCIf:


d _ G 1 X d l + G 2 x d 2
CM - G l + G 2


(8.6)


HanpaBJleHlfe JIyqa, xapaKTeplf3YIOm;ero npou;ecc H3MeHeHI151 COCTO£HIf51 B03,rr,yxa, 3a-
,lI,aHO yr JIOBbIM K03<P<PHU;HeHTOl\I (TenJIOBJIa)KHOCTHbIM oTHoIIIeHlIeM) c (K
)K / Kr H 2 0) :


c==


L:Qrr
L:W'


(8.7)


5 10 15 20 2!J
Bno20COaepxoHue d e / Ke


'Jf)


3r:


rJI;e L Qrr - cYMMapHoe KOJIlIqeCTBO nOJIHOll IIo,n;Be,n,eHHoll IIJIII oTBe,n;eHHoll TenJIOTbI
(1f3MeHeHlfe 3HTaJIbnlfH i) (K,IL)K/q); L W - cYMMapHoe KOJIlfqeCTBO IIOrJIOlu;eHHoll
IfJIIf BbI,lI,eJIeHHOll BJIarlf (1f3MeHeHlfe BJIarOCO,lI,ep)IffiHIf51 d) (Kr / q) .
IIp" L W = 0 C ---+ 00; np" L Qrr == 0 c = 0 (pIlC. 8.2).
TaKIfM 06pa30lVl, i-d-,n;narpaMMY YCJIOBHO MO)KHO pa3,lI,eJIIfTb Ha 4 KBa,n;paHTa:
I c OT 00 ,n;o 0 - HarpeB II YBJIa)KHeUlfe;
II c OT 0 ,lI,0 - 00 - OXJIa)K,D,eHlIe II YBJIa)KHeHlfe;
III c OT - 00 ,n;o 0 - OXJIa)K,n;eHlIe If OCYllIKa;
IV c OT 0 ,n;o 00 - HarpeB If OCYllIKa.
H30TepMIlqeCKoMY npou.eccy (t == const) COOTBeTCTBYeT 3HaqeHlIe c = 2530 K
)K/ Kr.


-0


PUC. 8.1. OCHOBHble npou;eCCbI H3MeHeHHH COCT05IHHH B03
xa





 r .ILaea 8. n ocmpoeuue OC'lwe'H'btx npov,eCC06 U3,MeUeuUJ! COC7TWR'HUJ! 60adyxa


napquanbHOe aaf3AeHue BOaRHblX napoB, 10 2 H / ,M2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
50 1 ,....
 C'P)
1, 10
 .


,

 &\)
f 0\0

:.L -


o\o 6:
1,12 .
 .
() 0)0
c!I
40 \\ 8 l 0 1 0

(;) II
w ij 0/ 0

,14 ...... 1\) 0 0 / 0
II)
t::
0
 /' 0/0 .
(J 90 ;,.( 0/0
II

 ,0 0
1, 16 0 ,
o
30
u l,f8 ,0 0

 V

 @ qO
f't) 1,20
a '0 0
t:O 20 .J..
c:3 c!I Y z/loBo;; !!i K,l/JIC

 \\
e: 1,22 @
 1 0 K03cpfjluu,ueHm £=-,-
c:3

 t!d K2

 A

s:)
...... C" b O .S:)


 II) 0 .


t:: ":)



 '/,24 8
 IT -


811

 I'I
 ';)0
 ..... '2.J,:>00
10 .......
w
1,26 ..l. "\ '3 000
AO
, 1
 2500
1,28
f ,;0 3HmanbnuR i KIlx / KZ j
 <SOO
0 1,1 0
1,32
O / "soo
n r- r- o


J
\ \ \
1,34 L

-10 '0 °0
c °0
c 0
,0 c
36
0


r llABA 9


PaC"feT B03.qyxoo6MeHa B nOMeLl.\eH


np
 pa60Te BeHT
.nfl4

 B Tp
 nep
o.qa ro.qa

 nocTpoeH
e npo4eccoB Ha i-d - .q
arpaMMe


HCxo,n;Hble ,n;aHHble ,LI;JI5I pacqem B03,IJ;yXo06MeHa:
1. TerrJIOBbIe 6aJIanCbI nOMe
eHII5I ,LI;JI5I Tpex nepllO,LI;OB ro,n;a (TII, XII If IIY) no
51BHOM L: Q}l If nOJIHOll L: Q rr TenJIOTe.
2. HaPY)KHbIe MeTeOpOJIOrllqeCKlfe YCJIOBIf5l. (IIapaMeTpbI A ,n;JI5I TII If B ,n;JI5I XII).
3. BJIarOnocTynJIeHII5I B rrOMe
eIIlIe L: W.
4. 3Ha't.J:eHIf51 TeMnepaTypbI BHYTpeHHero B03,IJ;yxa B pa3JIlfqHbIe rreplfo,n;bI ro,n;a.
5. 06'beM nOMem;eHlIll V.
PaCqeT HaqlfHalOT C TenJIOrO nepno,n;a, BO BpeM5I KOToporo Tpe6yeTC5I Hall60JIbIIlee
KOJIlIqeCTBO nplfTOqnOrO B03,IJ;yxa.
IIocJIe,n;oBaTeJIbHocTb pacqem.
1. Ha i-d-,lI,IIarpaMMy (pIfC. 9.1) HanOC5IT TOqKY H If 1f30TepMY BHYTpeHHero B03,IIyxa


t a = t H A + 3° C.
,


(9.1 )


2 II u L QH
. 0 BeJIlIqlfHe TenJIOBOH Hanp5l)KCHHOCTIf nOMe
eHII£ V onpe,n;eJI5IIOT rpa-
,LI;lfeHT nOBbIllIeHIf51 TeMnepaTYPbI no BbICOTe rrOMe
eHIf51 (npIfJI. 21) If TeMnepaTYPY
B03,IJ;yxa, Y,LI;aJI5IeMOrO 1f3 Bepxnen 30HbI, t y (OC):


t y = t a + grad t(H - h p . 3 ),


(9.2)


o


5


10 15 20 25
BnazocoaepxaHue d IC.


":10


35


r,n;e H - BbICOTa nOl\'IeIIJ,eHJI5I (M), h p . 3 - BbICOTa pa60qell 30HbI (M). IIpll KpaTHocTII
B03,LI,yxo06Mena 60JIee 5 t y = t a .
H30TepMY t y HaHOC5IT Ha ,n;lfarpaMMY.
3. Onpe.n;e.rrnKYI' TeIIJIOBJIa2KHOCTHOe OTHOIIIemre c: =

 II qepe3 TOQKY H npOBO-
,LI;51T JIyq npou;ecca. Ha nepeCeqeHlI1I JIyqa C 1I30TepMaMIf t a II t y nOJIyqalOT TOqKII B II Y.
4. Onpe,n;eJI£IOT B03,IJ;yXo06Men (Kr / q):
no nOJIHOll TenJIOTe


-LO


PUC. 8.2. ,LI;eJIeHHe i-d-,n;HarpaMMbI Ha KBa,n;paHTbI


OtJ.i =
Q
 ,
'ly - 'lll


(9.3)


no BJIaroco,n;ep)IffiHIIIO:


L::"T
Ow = dy _ d n .
Pa3JIlfqlfe Me)K,I1;y G lli If Gw He ,LI;OJI)KHO npeBbIllIaTb 5%.


(9.4)





 F.lLaea 9. Pac"tem eoaiJyxoo6,Meua 6 7W,Me
e'HUU U nOCmpOe'HUe npov,eccoe


30


u


ci'


f't)
a

 20


g,
e: n K




t::


f...::


- 0


- 0


50


o
110


napquanbHOe aal3.neHue BOaRHblX napoB, 10 2 H / ",2
5 W




 e



T



.1.


' 1 '2


40


1,14
I


1, 16


1, 18
xn Y
B
1,20


10


o


1,30


E
4.)


,0




f


0\0
,,



50



o'o

 oJo
'J\)

 01 0

 ' 01 0
1\) {) 0/0

 1\ °/0 II
qv 0 °/0
,0


4J.$'


,0 0


0 0


4J.$'
",/J,JIC
KZ


H


AO



O


qO


'0 0
YznoBoiJ
1 0 . K03cpcpuque






.
r-
. C\t "








'JOO
3 000


r


'JO


\ \
2500
f I


3HmanbnuR i K/lJIc / KZ


Pac"tem 6oaiJyxoo6,Meua e nO,Me
e'Huu u nocmpoe'Hue lIpov,ecco6







I\)
I

...
0..


5. ITo rrplfJIO)KeHIfIO 24 orrpe,n;eJI5IIOT HopMaTIfBHoe KOJIlfqeCTBO B03,n;yxa, Tpe6yeMoe
,lI,JI5I JIIO,lI,ell, Haxo,n;51
IfXC5I B rrOMern;eHIfII. ITOJIyqeHHYIO BeJIlfqlfHY cpaBHIfBalOT C G Ai
M G w. H3 Tpex BeJIlfqlfH BbI6lfpalOT 60JIbrnylO.
6. Orrpe,lI,eJI5IIOT OTHOCIfTeJIbHYIO BJIa)KHOCTb B03,n;yxa B nOMern;eHIfIf. ECJIII ee 3Ha-
qeHlIe npeBbIrnaeT 65%, Tpe6yeTC5I ocymeHlfe B03,n;yxa.
JI5I paRoHoB C OTHOCIITeJIbHOM
BJIa)KHOCTblO HapY)KHOrO B03,n;yxa 60JIee 75% (napaMeTpbI A) MaKCIfMaJIbHO ,n;orrYCTIf-
Moe 3HaqeHlfe OTHOCIfTeJIbHOH BJIa)KIIOCTIf BHYTpeHHero B03,n;yxa COCTaBJI5IeT 75%.
ITocTpoeHlfe rrpOn;eCCOB 1I3MeHeHIf51 napaMeTpOB B03,n;yxa ,lI,JI5I XII
1. Ha i-d-,n;lIarpaMMe OTMeqalOT TOqKY H If 1f30TepMY tB. TIplf HaJIlfqlf1f B nOMeIu;e-
HIfIf TerrJIOlf36bITKOB n;eJIeC006pa3HO nplfHHMaTb Half60JIbmee ,n;onYCTIfMoe 3HaqeHIIe
t B = 22° C ,n;JI5I CHII)KeHIf51 CTOIlMOCTIf BeHTIfJI5In;1f1f.
2. PaCCqlfTbIBalOT t y = t B + grad t(H - h p . 3 ).
3. ITplfHIIMalOT TeMnepaTYPY rrplfTOqHOrO B03,n;yxa


,32


34


36


o


5


lt H



o


<50 0
SOo





\ \ 0 (:)
-.

c °0
c °0
c 0
c


10 15 20 25
BnazocoaepxaHue d Z KZ


30


,
O


t n = t B - 5° C.


(9.5)


4. H3 TOqKII H npOBo,n;51T JIIfHIfIO d = const (HarpeB B03,n;yxa B KaJIoplI<pepe). Ha
rrepeCeqeHlf1f 3TOll JIMHIfII C 1I30TepMoll t rr rrOJIyqalOT TOqKY K. ToqKa IT COBrra,n;aeT
C TOqKOll K.
5. H3 TOqKH IT npOBO,lI,51T JIyq rrpon;ecca 1f3MeHeHIf51 COCT05lHIf51 B03,n;yxa B nOMeIu;e-
HIIIf c. Ha nepCCeqeHlf1l ero C 1I30TepMaMIf t B II t y nOJIyqalOT TOqKII B If Y (pIIC. 9.1).
6. Onpe,n;eJI5IIOT B03,n;yxo06MeH no TerrJIOTe G Ai If IIO BJIare G w (Kr /q):


Ct:,.i =
 Q
 ,
'ly - 1,K


L:W
Cw = fly _ d K .


(9.6)


7. TIOJIyqeHHbIe BeJIlfqlfHbI cpaBHIfBalOT C HopMaTIfBHbIM 3HaqeHlIeM B03,n;yxo06Me-
Ha. 113 Tpex BeJIlfqHH BbI6IIpalOT 66JIbmylO.
TIp II paCqeTe B03,n;yxo06MeHa B XOJIO,n;HbIM If nepexo,n;HbIll neplfO,II,bI YTOqH5IIOT 3Ha-
qeHMe TeMnepaTypbI rrpllTOqHOrO B03,n;yxa.
1. ITo 3HaqeHIfIO, nOJIyqeHHoMY B paCqeTe ,n;JI5I TTI, MJIII no HopMaTIfBHoM BeJIlIqlfHe
npllHIIMalOT KOJIlfqeCTBO rrplfTOqHOrO B03,n;yxa G rr ,n;JI5I XII II orrpe,lI,eJI5IIOT BJIaroco,n;ep-
)fffiHlIe yxo,n;51rn;ero B03,n;yxa (r / Kr ) :


L:W
d y = d H + C n .


(9.7)


35


ToqKa Y JIe)KIIT Ha nepeCeqeHlf1I 1f30TepMbI t y C JIIIHlIell rrOCT05lHHOrO BJIaroco,n;ep)fffi-
HIf51 d y .
2. Qepe3 TOqKY Y Ha i-d-,lI,lfarpaMMe npOBo,n;51T JIyq npon;ecca 1f3MeHeHIf51 COCTO-
HHIf51 B03,n;yxa B nOMern;eHIIM c ,II,JI5I XTI; Ha nepeCeqeHIIM JIyqa C 1f30TepMoll t B JIe)KIfT
TOqKa B, a Ra nepeCeqeHMIf C JIIfHlfell d H = const - TOqKa TI, COBna,n;alOIu;a51 C TOq-
KOll K.
3. KOJIlIqeCTBO TeIIJIOTbI ,n;JI5I HarpeBa B03,n;yxa B KaJIopll<pepe (K
)K/q):


PUC. 9.1. Ilpou;eCCbI BeHTHJI
U;HH B XOJIO,l];HOM, TenJIOM pe.>KHMaX H nepeXO,l];HbIX YCJIOBH
X


QK = Grr(i K - i H ) = G n x C(t K - tH)'


(9.8)


r,n;e c = 1,005 K
)K/(Kr.OC) - y,lI,eJIbHa51 TenJIOeMKOCTb B03,n;yxa.




b, F..wBa 9. Pac'''111 BV.3<!yrvofi"ma (i .1I0."CW,PH"V " nOCl1IpOnWE "powcco,;


4. TenJIoBa5£ MOr:u;HOCTb KaJIopmpepa (KBT):


N K = QK/3600.


rllABA 10


PaCqeT B03,II,yXo06MeHa B nepexo,rr,HbIll YCJIOBHbIll neplIO,rr, rO,l],a.
1. Ha ,rr,IIarpaMMY i-d HaHOC5£T TOqKY H: t H = 10° C; i H = 26,5 K
)K/Kr; d H =
= 6,6 r/Kr; 'P = 85%.
2. IIpHHHMaIOT TeMnepaTYPY B03,rr,yxa B nOMer:u;eHHH (KaK npaBHJIO, paBHYIO TeM-
nepaType B nOMeIll,eHllH B XII) H onpe,rr,eJI5IIOT TeMnepaTYPY B03,rr,yxa, y,rr,a.'I5IeMOrO II3
nOMer:u;eHII5I:


PaC"-JeT B03Ayxoo6MeHa
B nOMe
eHIt1It1
no KpaTHOCTIt1


t y = t B + gradt(H
 h p . 3 ), °C
3. 3a,rr,aIOT BeJJHqHHY B03,II,yxo06MeHa (paBHYIO B03,II,yXo06MeHY B TII IIJIH, "ITO
60JIee npe));nOqTHTeJIbHO, B XII) II onpe).l,eJI5£IOT IIpIIparn:eHIIe 3HTaJIbIIllII llJJH BJIarO-
eO));ep)KaHH5I B03,rr,yxa B nOMer:u;eHIIII:


KpaTHOCTb B03,II,yXo06MeHa - 3TO OTHOllIeHHe 06'beMa B03.I\Yxa, no,rr,aBaeMoro B nOMe-
IlI,eHHe IIJJII Y,l..I,aJI5IeMOro 113 Hero B TeqeHlIe qaea, K 06'beMY nOMer:u;eHII5£. PaCqeTHR5£
BeJIHqllHa B03,nyxo06MeHa B nOMer:u;eHllll Lp (M 3 /Tf.) npII HopMaTHBHoll KpaTHocTll B03-
,nyxo06MeHa K p (q -1) onpe.IJ,eJI.5IeTC5J KaK


fj.i = LG
n (K,II,)K/Kr),
LTV
fj.d = ---c;: (r/Kr).


(9.9)


Lp = Kp' V noM ,


(10.1)


(9.10)


I'));e V noM - 06'beM nOMern:eHII.5I (M 3 ).
3HaqeHH5£ Kp B 3aBHCIIMoeTII OT Ha3HaqeHII.5I nOMeIll,eHHll ,l..I,aHbI B eneU;IIaJIbHOll
JIIITepaType, a TaK2Ke B npliJI. 5-15, r.n:e YKa3aHa KpaTHOCTb B03.I\YXoo6MeHa no BbI

T.5I)KHOMY H no npHTOqHOMY B03,II,yXY.
JI5J HeKOTopbIX nOMer:u;eHHlr ,l..I,aHa BeJIHqllHa
HopMaTHBHoro B03,nyxoo6MeHa Lo (M 3 /q) B paCqeTe Ha 1 qeJJOBeKa, KOllKY (B JIeqe6-
HhIX yqpe)f(,.lJ;eHII.5Ix), eaHIITapHo-TeXHHqeCKHll npH60p II T.,n:. PaCqeTHhIll B03,II,yXoo6-
MeH npH 3TOM onpe));eJI.5IIOT KaK Ln = Lo . N, r));e N - qIICJIO paCqeTHbIX e,l..l,HHUQ
B IIOMer:u;eHIIII.
IIOCJle onpe)].eJIeHII.5I paeqeTHhIX BeJIIIqHH B03,II,yxoo6MeHa B nOMer:u;eHH.5IX onpe)].e-
JI.5IIOT CYMMapHhle KOJIIIqeCTBa npHTOqHOrO L G n II y)].aJI.5IeMOrO L G y B03.I\Yxa ,LI,JI.5I
/ nOMer:u;eHHll Ha O));HOM 3Ta)Ke, coo6r:u;alOr:u;Hxc5£ e 06Il1,IIM KOPH,l..l,OpOM, XOJJJIOM, llIJII030M
11 T.));. Pa3HocTb fj.G = E G n
 E G y Ha3bIBaIOT .IJ,lle6aJIaHCOM B03,II,yxa. )J,JI.5I e06JIIO));e-
HH.5I n03Ta:
KHoro 6a.rraHca BO:3,nyX paeXO,l];OM fj.G no,n,alOT (npli 1I36hITOqHOM y));a.rreHlIll)
lIJIH y,n;aJI.5IIOT (npH H36bITOqHOM npliToKe) H3 o6r:u;ero nOMer:u;eHH.5I 3Ta2Ka.
Pe3YJIbTaTbI paCqeTa eBOl(51T B Ta6JI. 10.1 OT));eJJbHO )].JI.5I Ka)l()];oro 3Ta2Ka HJIH rpyn-
nbI nO:tvler:u;eHHll.


4. IIOJIO)KeHHe TOqKH Y HaXo,n:5£T Ha nepeCeqeHHH 1I30TepMbI t y e II30TepMoll iy =
= i H + fj.i HJIH e .!'IHHIIell nOCT05lHHOro BJIarOeO,II,ep2KaHlI5.C


d y = d H + fj.d.


(9.11)


5. Ha nepeeeqeHlIli JIyqa npoQecca 1I3MeHeHI1.51 eOCTO.5lHlI.5I B03,rr,yxa B rrOMer:u;eHHlI E,
rrpOBe,l],enHOrO 113 TOqKH Y, e H30TepMOll t B rrOJlyqalOT TUqKY B, 8 Ha rrepeeeQeHI1H JIY-
qa E e JJIIHlIell rrOCTO.5lHHOrO BJIarOCO));ep2KaHH.5I d H -- TOqKY II, eOBrra,n:alOll
YIO C TOq-
KOll K.
6. Onpe,n:e.!'I.5IIOT TenJIOBYIO HarpY3KY II !vlOr:u;HOCTh KaJIOpmpepa.
B pe3YJIhTaTe paeqeTOB nOJIyqaIOT ));Be lIJIli TPH BeJIlIqHHbI B03.I\Yxoo6MeH8 - )J,JI.5I
Tpex nepHo,n:oB ro));a. B03ivl0)KHbI pa3.!'IHqHhle BapHaHThI IIenOJIHeHlI.5I CllCTe!vl BeHTII-
,,'I.5IQHH.
1. I1plITOqnyIO CHeTeMY paCeqlIThIBaIOT Ha MaKClIIvIaJIbHYIO II3 nOJJyqeHHbIX Be-
JIHqlIH B03,rr,yxoo6MeHa H OCHaIQaIOT ee THpliCTOpHbIM perYJI.5ITOpOM qaeTOThI BpaIll,e-
HH.5I 3JIeKTpO));BHraTeJIH BeHTlIJJ.5ITOpa, ,n:eiieTBYIOr:u;HM B 3aBlleHMoeTH OT TeMnepaTypbI
BHYTpeHHero B03,II,yxa. BbITSI)KHYIO CHeTeMY BbllIOJIH.5IIOT C eeTeCTBeHHOll QIIPKYJI.5IIJ,Il-
ell lIJIH MeXaHHTf.ecKYIO - C TaKHM )Ke THpliCTOpHbIM perYJJ.5ITOpOM. TaKa.51 CHCTeMa
3<p<peKTHBHa, HO CTOHMOCTb ee BbleOKa.
2. BblIIOJIH.5IlOT .n:Be napbI nplITOqHbIX 1I BbIT.5I)KHbIX eHCTeM. O,n:HY napy paeCqH-
TbIBalOT ,n:JI.5I pa60TbI B xn 1I IIY. IIpHTOqHYIO cHeTeMY BhIIlOJIH.5IIOT e Ka.!'IOPH<pePOM,
paeeqlITaHHbIM H8 no,n:orpeB HapY)KHOrO B03,rr,yxa OT napaMeTpoB B ,lLO TeMnepaTypbI
rrpliTOKa. BTOPYIO napy elleTeM paeeqHThIB810T ,l],JI.5I pa60TbI B TII H KaJIopH<pepOM He
oeHar:u;aIOT.
3. BbIIIOJIR.5IIOT TOJJbKO npHTOQHYIO II BbIT.5I2KHYIO CHeTeMhI, paeeqHTaHHhle ,LI,JI.5I XII
1I IIY, a B03,II,yXoo6MeH B TII oeYIIl.eeTBJI.5IIOT qepe3 OTKpbIThIe OKRa.


Ta6JIuu;a 10.1 (<I>opMa) Pacq€THbIH B03)J.yxoo6IvIeH o6m;eo6MeHHoH BeHTHJUUJ;1U1 rro KpaTHOCTH
B nOMem;eHH:HX 3)J;aHH.H


HopMaTHBHa.H
KpaTHocTb
06'beMbI B03.u,yxoo6MeHa, PaCqeTHbIH
N
 HaHMeHoBaHHH Pa.3MepbI 110Mem;eHuH, M 3 , q-l, HJIH B03,D.yxoo6MeH,
rr/rr rroMem;eHHH rroMem;eHHH, M HJIH KOJIHqeCTBO HopMaTHBHbIH M 3 /q
JIIO)J;eH B B03)J.yxoo6MeH Ha
rrOMem;eHH.HX 1 qeJIOBeKa,
M 3 /(q .qeJI)
rrpHTOK Y)J;arreHHe rrpHTOK Y,lI,aJIeHHe




Pac"tem 6o.Jdyxoo6,Mc'lta R nO,Me
eHU'U n]l'u '1W'HduV,uo'lt'upoea'Hu'u



2. 06pa60TKa HapY)KHOrO B03,lIJTxa C npMMeHeHlfeM B03A)'xoOXJIa,n;MTeJIeii nplf d H


 d n MeHee 3HeprOeMKa. aHa COCTOMT 1I3 OXJIa)K,n;eHIf51 HapY)KHOrO B03,lIJTxa ,n;o TeM-
nepaTypbI rrplfTOKa t rr (npo
ecc Hal) M YBJIa)KHeHH5I B03A)'xa B napoYBJIa)KHMTeJIe


rIlABA II


Pac
eT B03Ayxoo6MeHa B nOMe
eHLttLtt
npil1 KOHAiI14i110HiI1pOBaHiI1i11.
npLttMeHeHLtte KaMep OpOWeHLttfl
iI1 B03AYXOOXllaAiI1Telle

Pac
eT Tpe6yeMbix KOJ1Ltt
eCTB
Tenll0Tbi iI1 xOll0Aa


PaCqeT B03A)'Xo06MeHa nplf KOH,n;IIn;MOHlfpOBaHMH HaqlfHalOT C onpe,n;eJIeHM5I rrapaMeT-
pOB BHYTpeHHero B03,n;yxa, COOTBeTCTBYIOrn;IfX OrrTIfMaJIbHbIM YCJIOBM5IM. KaK npaBIf-
JIO, paCqeT KOH,n;Ifn;IfOHlfpOBaHII5I HaqlfHalOT C TTI. 06JIaCTb OrrTIIMaJIbHbIX YCJIOBIIM
,lVI5I KOH,n;Ifn;IfOHMpOBaHIf51 I KJIaCCa B TTI Ha i-d-,n;HarpaMMe If MeeT BIf,n; Tparre
MIf
(pIfC. 11.1).
eJIeC006pa3Ho rrpMHIIMaTb MaKCIIMaJIbHO ,n;orrYCTIfMoe 3HaqeHIIe OTHOCIf-
TeJIbHOM BJIa)KHOCTIf ,n;JI5I CHIf)KeHM5I 3Hepr03aTpaT Ha ocyuIeHlfe B03A)'xa. ToqKY B
c rrapaMeTpaMIf BHYTpeHHero B03A)'xa HaHOC5IT Ha i-d-,n;lfarpaMMY.
JI5I paCqeTa B03-
A)'IIIHoro 6aJIaHCa He06xo,n;IfMbI ,n;aHHbIe 0 nocTynJIeHlf5lX TenJIOTbI II BJIarlI B paCqeT-
Hoe rrOMern;eHlfe.
Cnoc06 onpe,n;eJIeHIf51 t y , tn, G Ai , GAd paCCMOTpeH B rJIaBe 9. ToqKIf Y If TI JIe)lffiT
Ha nepeCeqeHlf1f COOTBeTCTBYIOII.J;MX 1f30TepM t y If t n C JIyqOM npon;ecoa 1f3MeHeHIf51
napaMeTpOB B03A)'xa B nOMe
eHIfIf c, rrOCTpoeHHbIM 1f3 TOqKII B.
B03MO)KHbI HeCKOJIbKO cnoc060B 06pa60TKIf B03,lIJTxa, rrocTyrralO
ero B KOH,n;Ifn;If-
OHep C rrapaMeTpaMIf H If BbIXO,LI;51rn;erO M3 Hero C napaMeTpaMII TI.
1. HaM60JIbIIIee pacnpocTpaHeHlfe nOJIyqlfJI rrpOI
ecc C IICnOJIb30BaHMeM opOCIfTeJIb-
HOll Ka
IepbI M BToporo no,n;orpeBa (pIfC. 11.1). ToqKa 0, JIe)lffiII.J;a51 Ha rrepeCeqeHMIf
JIIfHMll d rr = const II 'P = 90%, xapaKTepM3yeT COCT05lHMe B03A)'xa, OXJIa)K,I1;eHHOrO
II ocymeHHoro (ecJIIf d H > d n ) MJIII OXJIa
eHHOro M YBJIa)KHeHHOro (ecJIIf d H < d rr )
B KaMepe opOrneHIf51 (IIpo
ecc HO); B 3TOM )Ke COCTO£HIIIf B03,[G'X rrocTynaeT B KaJIO-
plf<pep 2-ro no,n;orpeBa (npo
ecc OTI).
He,lI,oCTaToK ,n;aHHoro crroc06a 06pa60TKM B03,[G'xa COCTOIlT B Hlf3KOH 3HepreTlfqe-
CKOM 3<p<peKTIIBHoCTII rrpo:u;ecca: B03A)'X CHaqaJIa OXJIa)l(,II,aIOT, a 3aTeM HarpeBalOT ,n;o
Tpe6yeMoll TeMrrepaTypbI.
XOJIo,n;onoTpe6JIeHlfe rrpo
ecca (K
)K/ q):


u
o






f't)
a
to 20
c:3


e:
c:3








-10


Qx = Gn(i H - io).


(11.1)


-20


TenJIorroTpe6JIeHIIe rrpon;ecca (K
)K/q):


50


o
1, 10


napquaAbHOe aaf3.neHue BOaRHblX napoB, 10 2 H / M 2
5 W
 M







50


1,12


40


1,14


1,16


30


1,18


1,20


1,22


1,24


10


1,26


1,28


o


1,30






,,>


C'O')






132


1,34


1,36


"


o'e
f


0\0
,,

 0\0

 01 0
'J


olo
ij 0/ 0
1
 {) °/ 0
Y) . 0 010 J
q {) 0,0
,0


...
0...


H


,
o


,00


qO


?,O ""
YznoBou :11 K,lPtc
1 0 K03CP
/4UeHm E - !1d '----;(2






f\I"


6 0







"J,:>OO
3 000


'JO


AO


2500


"JO


3HmaAbnuR i, K/lx / Ke



O


<'soo
.1" sOo
a
o


\ \ <::>
\

..... 0°
«:;) 0°
C 00
«:;)
c


,0


o


5


10 15 20 25
BAazOCOaeOJICaHUe d, z /I<Z


30


35


QT = Grr(i rr -io).


(11.2)


PUC. 11.1. ITpOIJ;ecc KOH,n;HIJ;HOHHpOBaHIUI B TenJIbIH rrepHO,n; co BTOpbIM rro,n;orpeBOM





 F.lLaea 11. Pac"tem eoaiJyxoo6Me'Ha e nO.Me
f''H'uu npu 1W'HiJuV,uO'Hupoea'H'uu


Pac"tem eoaiJyxoo6Me'Ha e nO.Me
e'H'U'u npu 1W'H(fUV,uo'Hupoea'H'u'u



(rrpou;ecc OITI) no t = const (pIfC. 11.2). ECJIII d H > d rr , TO pe3YJIbTaT 06pa60TKlI
HapY)KHOrO B03,lIJTxa B nOBepXHOCTHOM B03,lIJTXOOXJIa,n;IITeJIe aHaJIOrIIqeH pe3YJIbTaTY
rrpo
ecca B KaMepe opOIIIeHIf51


u


tJ


't)
a

 20
c:3


e:
c:3


c:::


t-:


-10


-20


50


o

10


napquaAbHoe aa8AeHue BOaRHblX napoB, 10 2 H / M 2
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


50


3. TIplIMeHeHlIe cxeMbI C 06BO,n;HbIM KaHaJIOM II CMeIIIeHlfeM 06pa60TaHHoro If He06-
pa60TaHHoro B03,lIJTxa IfCKJIlOqaeT He06xo,n;IfMOCTb 2- ro rro,n;orpeBa B TenJIbIM rreplfo,n;.
Ha i-d-,n;lfarpaMMe (pIfC. 11.2) qepe3 TOqKIf H II TI rrpOBo,n;51T JIIfHIfIO ,n;o nepeCeqeHIf51
ee B TOqKe O 2 C JIIfHlfell npou;ecca 06pa60TKIf B03,lIJTxa B B03,lIJTXOOXJIa,n;IITeJIe If JIll, nplf
HCnOJIb30BaHHIf KaMepbI opOIIIeH1f5l, ,n;o cP = 90%. IIpII CMellieH1I1f nOTOKOB B03,rryxa
C napaMeTpaMIf H If O 2 B COOTBeTCTBYIOrn;IIX npOrrOpU;1f5lX rrOJIyqalOT CMeCb C rrapaMeT-
paMIf TOqKII C, COBna,n;aIOIu;ell C TOqKOll TI.
JI5I peaJIlf3aU;1f1f ,n;aHHoro MeTo,n;a He06xo-
,n;IfMO, qT06bI TeMnepaTypa B03,lIJTxa B TOqKe O 2 6bIJIa Ha 4. . .5° C BblIIIe TeMnepaTypbI
XOJIO,n;HOll BO,n;bI, nocTynalOrn;en B opOCIfTeJIbHYIO KaMepy If JIll B03A)'XOOXJIa,z::I;IfTeJIb.
B XOJIO,n;HbIll rreplfo,n; KaK BHeIIIHlfe, TaK If BHYTpeHHlfe napaMeTpbI B03,lIJTxa OT-
JIlIqalOTC5I OT napaMeTpOB B TenJIbIll neplfo,n; ro,n;a. TI pII BbI60pe BHYTpeHHIfX napa-
MeTpOB OTHOCIfTeJIbHYIO BJIa)KHOCTb rrpIIHIfMalOT no MIIHIfMaJIbHO ,n;onYCTlfl\rIO
IY 3Ha-
qeHIIIO (CPa = 30%) ,n;JI5I CHIf)KeHIf51 3aTpaT Ha YBJIa)KHeHlfe B03,lIJTxa. IIplf HaJIlfqlf1I
TerrJIOlf36bITKOB BHYTpeHHlO1O TeMIIepaTYPY BbI6IIpalOT MaKCIIMaJIbHOll no OrrTlfMaJIb-
HbIM napaMeTpaM.
TIocTpoelIlIe rrpon;ecca HaqllHalOT C HaHeCeHII5I Ha i-d-,n;lfarpaMMY TOqeK H II B.
TeMnepaTYPY rrpIITOqHOrO B03,lIJTxa If pacrrOJIO)KeHlfe TOqeK Y II II onpe,n;eJI5IIOT aHaJIO-
rlf
IHO paCqeTY napaMeTpOB If nOCTpoeH1f1O Ha i-d-,n;lfarpaMMe rrpou;eCCOB ,n;JI5I TenJIOrO
neplfo,n;a.
Cyrn;ecTByeT HeCKOJIbKO crroc060B ,n;OCTIf)KeHIf51 napaMeTpOB TOqKII TI nplf 06pa-
60TKe napY)KHOrO B03A)'xa.
1. Ha1f60JIe
 pacnpocTpaHeHa CJIe,lIJTlOrn;a51 nOCJIe,n;OBaTeJIbHOCTb npo
eccoB
(pIfC. 11.3): HarpeB HapY)KHOrO B03,lIJTxa B KaJIOplf<pepe 1-ro rro,n;orpeBa (npou;ecc HK),
1f33HTaJIbnHOe YBJIa)KHeHlfe B KaMepe opOmeHII5I (npou;ecc KO l ) II HarpeB B KaJIOPII-
<pepe 2-ro rro,n;orpeBa (rrpou;ecc OlTI I ). ToqKa 0 1 , KaK II B CJIyqa5lX, paCCMOTpeHHbIX
BbIllIe, JIe)KIIT Ha rrepeCeqeHlf1f JIIIHlfll d rr = const II 'P = 90%.
2. BTOpOM crroc06 rr03BOJI5IeT 1f36e)Ka Tb HarpeBa B KaJIOpII<pepe 2- ro rro,n;orpeBa.

JI5I 3Toro npOBo,n;IfM JIIIHIfIO i = const qepe3 TOqKY TI ,n;o cp = 90 % (TOqKa O 2 )
If ,n;o JIIfHIfIf d == const (TOqKa K 1). CMemlIBaeM (npll rrOMO
1I 6allnaca) B03,lIJTX C rra-
paMeTpaMII O 2 II Kl B TaKOll rrponopqMIf, qT06bI TOqKa CMeCM C HaKJIa,n;bIBaJIaCb Ha
TOqKY rrpMTOKa II. 9Ta onepaU;lf5I MO)f(eT 6bITb BbInOJIHeHa JIlI60 rro ,n;a TqHKY TeMne-
paTypbI, JIM60 rro ,n;aTqIfKY OTHOCIITeJIbHOM BJIa)KHOCTIf rrOCJIe KaMepbI CMeIIIlIBaHM5I
(pIfC. 11.3).
KOJIlfqeCTBO B03,rryxa, npoxo,n;51rn;ero qepe3 opOCIfTeJIbHYIO KaMepy, Go (Kr/q) MO)K-
1I0 orrpe,n;eJIMTb no COOTHOIIIeHMIO OTpe3KOB (K I - TI)/(K I - O 2 ) (pIfC. 11.3):
(K l - IT)
Go = G n (K 1 _ O 2 ) (Kr/q),














0\0
,,
 l) °la

 0)0




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E) 0/ 0
1
 {) °/ 0
Y) 1\ 0/0 J
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fir')






1, 12


40


1,14


1,
6


30


H


...


,
o


,0 0


9 0


6 0


?,o w
YZAoBo Ili K/P1c
1 0 K03cptfJuq Hm E=A'-
t;:::) LJ. d K Z


t::)

C'..I.



1, 18







'- ,;'J OO
,0 00


,:>0


, \
t ) 2500


1,20


1,22


1,24


10


126


1,28


o


,;0


AO


3HmaAbnuR i, K/P1c / KZ


<'soo
.1"soo

 -a
o
 <=b
\ \ c::>
... UTO
c °0
c Co
c 0
c


(11.3)



1°


,32



O


a pacxo,n; BO,n;bI:


U' = G rr (d rr - d H ) (r / q) .


(11.4 )


1,34


1,36


,0


30


3. Half60JIee rrpocToM cnoc06 YBJIa)KHeHII5I nplfTOqHOrO B03,lIJTxa - 3TO YBJIa)KHe-
Hlfe ero napoM (JIIfHIf51 K-TI, pRC. 11.4). TaKoe YBJIa)KHeHMe - e,n;IIHCTBeHHO B03MO)K-
Hoe ,n;JI£ p5l,n;a OTpaCJIell: Me,n;If
IfHCKa5l, pa,n;1I03JIeKTpOHHa51 If ,n;p.
4. TIplfMeHeHlIe 6JIOK-KaMep COTOBoro YBJIa)KHeHIf51 ,n;aeT B03MO)KHOCTb Half60JIee
OrrTIfMaJIbHO C TOqKII 3peHIf51 3Hepr03aTpaT pellilfTb Bonpoc YBJIa)KHeHM5I rrplfTOq-
Horo B03,lIJTxa. TaK, nanplfMep, 6JIOK-KaMepa C COTOBOll HaCa,lI,KoH rJIy6HHoll 100 MM


o


5


10 15 20 25
BAazoCOaelXJlCaHUe d, Z / KZ


35


PUC. 11.2. ITpou;ecc KOH,n;JUJ;MOHMpOBaHH.H B TerrJIbIH rrepMO,n; 6e3 BToporo rrO,1];OrpeBa





 F.lLaea 11. Pac"tem 6oaOyxoo6,Me'Ha e nO,Me
e'Huu npu 'IW'HcJuv,UO'HUp06a'HUU


Pa('''tem eoaiJyxoo6,Me'Ha e nO,Me
e'Huu npu IW'HiJuV,uO'Hupoea'Huu



rr03BOJI5IeT npii CKOpOCTII B03,n;yxa B HeM V4>l peK = 2,3 M/ C cTa6lfJIbHO ,lI,OCTlIqb OTHOCIf-
TeJIbHOM BJIa)KHOCTII 'P = 45 %, rJIy6IIHOM 200 MM - 'P = 70 % If 300 MM - 'P = 90 %
(,lI,aHHbIe <plIpMbI BE3A). 9TOT rrpou;ecc 1f306pa)KeH Ha pMC. 11.4 JIMHlIeM Kl O.
a-
JIee, KaK II B rrpe,n;bI,lIJTrn;eM cJIyqae, rrpllMeHeHMe 6aHrraca n03BOJI5IeT TOqKe CMeCII C
rronaCTb Ha TOqKY II.
ToqKa K JIe)KHT Ha rrepeCeqeHlf1l JIIfHIfM i0 1 = const II d H = const.


TI plf YBJIa:>KHeHIfM B03AYxa B XOJIO,n;HbIll rreplfo,n; rO,lI,a npHMeH5IIOT 1I303HTaJIbn1fH-
HbIH cnoc06, YBJIa)KHeHHe rrapOM, YBJIa)KHeHlIe B 6JIOK-KaMepaX C COTOBOll Haca,n;KoM.
HII)Ke ,n;aHbI 3Hepr03aTpaTbI Ha YBJIa)KHeUlfe B03AYxa B Tpex pa3HbIX annapaTax,
OTHeceHHbIe K 1 Kr Bo,n;51Horo rrapa (BT / Kr):
KaMepa COTOBoro YBJIa)KHeHM.H 2;
KaMepa opOrneHM.H 50;
rrapOYBJIa)KHMTeJIb 800.


50


o
1, 10


napu,UOAbHoe oaBneHue BOORHblX napoB, 10 2 H / M 2
5 W

 li m





50


1,12


0\0
,,

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 01 0
,:>0
() 0/ 0

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1 0 °/ 0
'0 0
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qO 0 °/0
,0








r;


50


o
110


napu.uanbHoe ooBneHue BOORHblX napoB, 10 2 H / ,M2
5 W

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 e



50





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o'e










0\0
f


0\0
,,







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::.:


114


0\0
&-\) °10

O

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ij 0/0
1 0 0 °/ 0
Y) 0 °/0 II
q 0°,0
,0


...
a.


112


40


1,14


40


,16






,
O


1,16 ,?,O
30
(.J 1,18 06nocmb onmUMonbHblX ,00
c:; K , ycnoBuiJ

 qO

 c::


O

f,) 20 YZRoBou _ l1i K,l/:JK

 1 0 K03cpcpuu,ueHm - -,- -
E l1d K2
f,)


2- 6 0



t:: t'\a




 1,24



j.;;:
10 'JO ,;';)0 0
" 3 000
1,26
&.0
1,.28 t 2500
,;0 3HmanbnuR i, KI/:JIc / K2
)
0 ,30 <'soo
,32 -'soo

O

I' o


\ \ \0
34 -

-10 C) °0
o 0 0
o 0
0
36 ,0
0


30


t...>


06nacmb onmUManbHblX
" 18 ycnoBuiJ


,0°


o


qO


c:; K ,


1'1)
)
)

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'1.




'00 c::
,
 v

.T 2/10Bou l1i K/l:JK
1 0 K03rpcpuu,ueHff. = -, - --


 l1d K2

ss
t::)

f\f








".l,00
'3 000


l






6 0


,0


26


0 ,


&.0


,28


2500


. 0
30


,;0 3HmOAbnUR I 1</lx /1<2


,32



O


<'Soo
sOo


o


\ \\ 0
-

c °0
c °0
c <:)
c


o


34


36


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o


-?O


-20


5
K mOC/Ke H


10 15 20 25
BnazorooepxaHue d, 2/1<2


31'


35


5
K mOC/Ke H


10 15 20 25
Bnazocoaep
oHue
 z K2


30


35


POC. 11.3. I1pou;ecc KOH,.ZJ;HIJ;HOHMpOBaHIDI B XOJIO
bIll rrcpMO,lJ; co BTOpbIM rro,lJ;OrpeBOM M 6e3 Hero


PRC. 11.4. Ilpou;ecc KOH,lJ;MQMoHMpOBaHM.H B XOJIO,lJ;HbIH rrepMO,lJ; 6e3 BToporo rrO,lJ;OrpeBa





 F.lLaea 11. Pac"tem eoadyxoo6,Me'lw e nO,Me
e'HUU npu 'IW'HiJuv,uo'Hupoea'Huu


KaK npaBIIJIO, paCqeTHOe KOJIlIqeCTBO B03,n;yXa, nO,n;aBaeMOrO B rrOMe
eHlIe B Ten-
JIbIM II XOJIO,n;HbIM neplIO,n;bI ro,n;a, HeO,n;IIHaKOBO. IIplI paCqeTe KpyrJIOrO,n;MqHOM CIICTe-
MbI KOH,II,MIJ,MOHMpOBaHII5I BeJIlIqMHY paCXO!I;a nplITOqHOrO B03,n;yxa qaCTO nplIHIIMalOT
paBHOM ,n;JI£ XOJIo,n;Horo M TenJIOrO neplIo,n;OB: G XIT = G TIT . B 3TOM CJIyqae o6ecne-
qeHlIe Tpe6yeMbIx napaMeTpOB BHYTpeHHero B03,n;yxa B XOJIO,n;HbIll rreplIO,LI; B03MO)KHO
pa3HbIMM cnoco6aMII.
Pacc"t.HITbIBaIOT M3MeHeHMe 9HTaJIbnMlI R03,n;yxa B nOMeIIJ;eHlIM (K
)K/Kr) MJIII ero
BJIaroco,n,ep)fffiHM5I (r / Kr ) :


Pac"tern (:Jo.3iJyxoo6,Me'Ha e 7W,Me
e'Huu npu 'IW'HiJu'4'UO'Hupoea'HUU



II IIY. BTopa£ napa (6e3 1-ro rro,n;orpeBa) - TOJIbKO ,n;JI5I TII. KarrMTaJIbHbIe BJIO)Ke-
HM5I B03paCTYT, HO CHM351TC5I 3KCnJIyaTan;lIOHHbIe M3,n;ep)f(KII. PaCqeT no npMBe,n;eHHbIM
3aTpaTaM, 1I3JIO)KeHHbIll B rJIaBe no 3KOHOMIIKe CMCTel\I TBr, ,lI,aCT o,n;H03HaqHbIll OTBeT
Ha 3TOT Bonpoc.


A . _ L Qrr
u'l - G rr '



d =

 .


(11.5)


H3 3HTaJIbnMM If JIM BJIaroco,n;ep)fffiHII£ y,n;aJI5IeMOrO B03,lIJTxa BbI"t.IIITaIOT COOTBeT-
CTBYIO:rn;lIe H3MeHeHM5I 3THX BeJIlIqMH II Ha JIyqe c rrOJIyqalOT TOqKY TI (pIIC. 11.5).
He,n;ocTaToK CIICTeMbI KOH,n;MIJ,MOHlIpOBaHH5I C rrOMep)K3,HlIeM B TeqeHlIe Bcero rO)J;a
G rr = G TI1 COCTOIfT B nOBbIllIeHHOM 3HepronOTpe6JIeHIIII nplI pa60Te B XOJIO,n;HbIH
nepMO,LI;.
QacTlfqHa51 pe
pKYlliIwrn B03,n;yxa CHII)KaeT 9HepronOTpe6JIemfe CIICTeMbl. TIpII HII3-
KOM TeMrrepaType HapY)KHOrO B03,n;yxa, xapaKTepHoll ,n;JI5I XOJIo,n;Horo rrepMo,n;a, Tpe-
6yeTc5I HarpeB 3Toro B03,n;yxa nepe,n; CMerneHIIeM ero C pen;IIpKYJI5IU;MOHHbIM (qaCTblO
B031IY xa , y,II,aJI£eMOrO 1I3 nOMe
eHIf5l). B rrpOTIfBHOM cJIyqae JIIIH1I5I CMellIeH1I5I (lIYHK-
TMpHa51 JIIIHIf51 Ha plfC. 11.6) rrepeceKaeT JIMHIIIO 'P = 100%, II BJIara, cKOH,II,eHClfpo-
BaHHa51 Ha CTeHKax KaMepbI CMeIIIeHI15I, 3aMep3aeT.
KOJIlfqeCTBO HapY)KHOrO B03,1J;yxa G H onpe,n;eJI5IIOT no HopMlIpyeMoM BeJIIfqlIHe B03-
,n;yxoo6MeHa. KOJIlIqeCTBO peI
MpKYJIIIpyeMoro B03,lIJTxa (Kr/q):


30
u
0
0-


f't)
a
to 20
c:3


e:
c:3
2-




10


G p = G rr - G H ,


(11.6)


BJIarocO!I;ep)fffiHlfe CMeCIf (r / Kr ) :


de = G p X d y + G H X d H
G p + G H


(11.7)


ToqKa C JIe)KIIT Ha rrepeCeqeHIUI JIIIHUM de = const If i rr = const (pIIC. 11.6). qa-
CTlIqHa£ peIJ,lfpKYJI5IU;1I5I B03,lIJTxa 3HaqIfTeJIbHO cOKpa:rn;aeT pacxo)J; TerrJIOTbI (K
)K/q)
(HarpeBalOT He BeCb rrplITOQHbIM B03,n;yX, a TOJIbKO G H ):


QI = GH(i K - i H ),


(11 8)


-10


II pacxo,n; BJIarM (r / q) :


W = Grr(d rr - de).


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