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ISBN: 5-17-015605-7
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ISBN 5-9602-0002-3 (OAO «B30H»)
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pO.l1HJIaCb MJtejl CaMOJIeTa C HeCKOJIbKI1MH HecymMMI1 nOBepx-
HOCT.HMI1, QTO n03BOJI.HJIO cymecTBeHHo YMeHbllIl1Tb Bec H
ra6apl1TbI JIeTaTeJIbHOrO annapaTa.
II pMHQl1nHaJIbHaH cxeMa a3pOnJIaHa - <p103eJI.H)K B BI1,lte
10
A Buau,UR BellUKOU BOU1lbl
JIO,aKH C Heno,aBHJKHO 3aKpenJIeHHbIM Han: HeM KpbIJIOM H Kpe-
cTo06pa3HbIM XBOCTOBbIM onepeHMeM - 6bIJIa onpe,aeJIeHa ellte
B 1799 r Bce TeM JKe ,l!. KeJIJIH. BCKope KeJIJIM B rrpoQecce pa3-
pa60ToI ,a06aBMJI K 3TOH KOHCTpYKQMH maCCH, PYJIM HanpaB-
JIeHHR H BbICOTbI, Heno,aBHJKHbIe cTa6MJIM3aTOpbI, 06pa3YlOlltMe
XBOCTOBoe onepeHHe M nponeJIJIep. 3aTeM, K KOHQY XIX BeKa,
B OCHOBHOM oTpa60TaJIHCb CBoHcTBa HecYlltMX nOBepxHocTeH
II' onpe,aeJIHJICH THn ,aBHraTeJIH. #
llepBbIH nOJIeT qeJIOBeKa Ha annapaTe THJKeJIee B03,ayxa
6bIJI ocYllteCTBJIeH <ppaHQY3cKHM MHJKeHepOM An:epoM 9 OKTH6-
pH 1890 r. * 3TO 6bIJI a3pOnJIaH C JIerKMM napOBbIM ,aBl1raTeJIeM
MOI.IJ;HOCTbIO 40 JI. c.
3aTeM, 6JIaro,aapH onbITaM HeMeQKoro MHJKeHepa OTTO ]111-
JIMeHTaJIH (1848-1896), TparHQeCKM norM6mero 9 aBrycTa 1896
ro,aa, HCCJIe,aOBaTeJIH nOHHJIM BCIO He06xo,aHMOCTb C03,aaHI1H
npeJK,ae Bcero 06JIa,aalOll.{ero xopomeH ynpaBJIHeMOCTbIO H YC-
TOH1JI1BOCTbIO nJIaHepa. B 1896 ro,ay 3a 3TH pa3pa60TKH npM-
HHJII1Cb J1Ba aMepHKaHCKHX MHlKeHepa lllaHIOT H XeppMHr. 3c-
TacpeTY no,aXBaTI1JIH HX COOTeqeCTBeHHHKM - 6paTbH BHJI6yp
11 OpBHJI PaHT, Ha1JaBmMe pa60TaTb Ha,a COBepmeHCTBOBaHH-
eM fIJIaHepOB JIeTOM 1900 ro,aa. B 1903 ro,ay OHH nOCTpOHJIM
JIerKI1H 16-TI1 CI1JIbHbIH 6eH3MHoBbIH ,aBHraTeJIb M, nOCJIe Qe-
JIoro pH,aa nonbITOK, 17 ,aeKa6pH 1903 rO.l{a COBepllU1JIH nep-
BbIH OJIeT npo,aOJIJKHTeJIbHOCTblO 12 ceKYH,a. 3aTeM 3a 59 ce-
KYH,a 6bIJIO npeo,aOJIeHO paCCTOHHHe B 259 M. B 1905 ro,ay YIKe
6bIJI COBepmeH nOJIeT, rr03BOJIHBmMH npeO.l{OJIeTb paCCTOHHl1e
B 17 KM, a 3aTeM - B 37 KM. B 1908 r. BHJI6yp PaHT npo.l{ep-
lie HCKOTOpblC UCCJICJlonaTCJIH YTOCp)l(JlaIOT, liTO IICpBhlM lIa allllapaTC T}I)f(C-
JICC B03JIyxa O;VICTCJllla CaMOJICTC coocH KOIICTPYKIUH1 PYCCKJ.-I i rCllcpaJl-Maii-
op 0 OTCTaOKC A.<D. MO)l(ai-icKHH (1825-1890). (7) 20 HIOII}l 1883 r. 06JIH:iH
c-ralll{l1H )lYJlcpro(l> 0 KpaclloM CCJIC, 003JIC Jlarcp KaoaJlCpl1HCKOrO YlIHJIH-
lila, 011 1I0CTpOHJI lIaKJIOlIlIYIO IIJIOCI<OC1'b, CKa1'bl(Ja Ch 110 pCJI bcaM KOTOpoH,
allllapaT JlOJDKCIi 6hlJI lIa6pa1'h IIC06XOJ1IIMYIO JlJI}I B:VICTa CKOpOCTb. fIpH IC-
I1bl1'allH X aliliapaT IIpHIIOJllI JIC , CMY, 110 BCCH OHJlHMOCTH, YJlaJIOCh OT/lC-
JI HTbC OT 3CMJI H, 110 II pH 03JIC1'C 011 lIaKpCII HJIC , 3a/1CJI 3a ;ia6op, OKpY)f(aB-
IIIH i MCCTO 1I0CTpOHKU, KpblJlOM H CJIOMaJIC}f. KaK 1I0Ka3aJIH paCLfCTbl, CJIC-
JlallllblC KOIICTpYKTopaMH Y)I(C B lIaLfaJIC XX 8CKa 110 LfCp1'C)f(aM MO)l(aHCKOro,
3'1'01' CaMOJICT IIC CMor 6bJ JICTaTb H3-3a MIIO)l(CCTBa 01lJ11601<, /lOIlY"ICIIII hlX
tl306pCTaTCJICM B OllCIIKC a::>pO/1HllaMHLfCCKHX Kal.JCC1'O allllapaTa.
[JOtleMY Jl10aU He Jlema10m KaK nmulI,'bt 11
)Ka.7JC5I B B03,ltyxe 2 tIaca 20 MMHYT. HecMoTp51 Ha TO, tITO B EB-
pone HMtIerO He 3HaJIM 0 npOBOJJ;MMbIX 6paTb5lMM PaMT onbITax,
TaM TaKJKe Y,ltaJIOCb C03,ltaTb a3pOnJIaH. BnepBbIe OT,lteJIMJIC5I OT
3eMJIM Ha annapaTe T5I)KeJIee B03,ltyxa c06CTBeHHOH KOHCTPYK-
UMM C JIerKMM 6eH3MHOBbIM ,ltBMraTeJIeM AHTyaHeT B 50 JI. c.
cppaHUY3cKMH B03,ltyxOnJIaBaTeJIb AJIb6epTO CaHToc-):!IOMOH.
Ha 6MTIJIaHe c06cTBeHHoM KOHCTPYKUHM OH npO,ltep)KaJIC5I B
B03,ltyxe 21 ceKYH,lty, ycneB npeO,ltOJIeTb paCCT05lHHe B 220 MeT-
pOB. 3TO npOH30IIIJIO 12 H05l6p51 1906 ro,lta; C Tex nop 3TOT ,lteHb
CtIHTaeTCH ,ltHeM pO)K,n:eHHH eBponeMcKoH aBHaUHM*. C 3Toro
u u
BpeMeHH HatIaJIC.H, HaKOHeu, HOBbIM H nOCJIe,ltHMM 3Tan B MCTO-
u u
pMM pa3BHTM5I CaMOJIeTa, npO,ltOJI)KaIOIIJ;MMC5I M no ceM ,lteHb -
u
cOBepIIIeHcTBoBaHMe ero KOHCTPYKUMH H CBOHCTB.
TIapaJIJIeJIbHO npoueccy OCBOeHM5I B03MO)KHOCTM nOJIeTa
pa3BMBanaCb H HCTOpH5I MCnOJIb30BaHM5I tIeJIOBeKOM HOBoro
BH,lta nepe,ltBH)KeHHH. TIoHatIaJIY nOJIeTbI, KpOMe H3YtIeHH5I
u u
CBOMCTB H B03MOJKHOCTeM 3Toro HOBoro BM,lta nepe,ltBM)KeHH.H,
HOCMJIH tIHCTO pa3BJIeKaTeJIbHbIH xapaKTep. Ho 3TO npO,ltOJI)Ka-
JIOCb He,ltOJIro. TIepBoe npaKTMtIeCKOe HCnOJIb30BaHMe a3pOCTa-
Ta npOM30IIIJIO B nepHO,lt BeJIMKOH cppaHUY3CKOM peBOJIIOUHH B
1794 r. 11 nepBoe )Ke npaKTHtIeCKOe I1CTIOJIb30BaHHe 3Toro HO-
Boro Cpe,ltCTBa nepe,ltBMJKeHH5I npOH30IIIJIO B BoeHHbIX ueJI5IX; C
ero nOMOIIJ;blO 6bIJIa npOH3Be,lteHa pa3Be,ltKa no,lt <DJIepIOCOM.
11 TOJIbKO B 1804 r. PYCCKaH AKa,lteMH5I HaYK opraHM30BaJIa
u
nepBbIH B MHpe nOJIeT B03,ltYlliHOfO IIIapa C HayqHbIMH ueJI.HMH.
30 HIOH5I B fIeTep6ypre, C nJIaua 1-ro Ka,lteTCKOro Kopnyca,
aKa,lteMHK .H.):!. 3axapoB nO,ltH5IJIC5I Ha B03,n:YIIIHOM IIIape, ynpaB-
JI5IeMOM 6eJIbfMMCKHM B03,ltyxOnJIaBaTeJIeM P06epTcoHoM. Bo
BpeM5I nOJIeTa 6bIJIH npOBe,lteHbI 3aMepbI ,n:aBJIeHM5I, TeMnepa-
TypbI, B351TbI np06bI B03,ltyxa Ha pa3JIMQHbIX BbICOTax, BbIllOJI-
HeHbI onbIThI co CTaTHtIeCKMM 3JIeKTpHQeCTBOM H MarHMTOM,
HeKOTopbIe npocTeHllIMe CPM3HOJIOrHQeCKHe JKCrrepHMeHTbI.
... BUCpBblC OT.lI.CJI HTbC.R OT 3CMJU1 lIa a3pOllJlallC C06CTBCII IIOH KOIICTPYKHH H
CaIlToc-,lJ:loMOffY YJUUIOCb 22 aBrYCTa 1906 r. 11, XOT.R IIpCO.ll.OJICIIIIOC HM B TOT
pa3 paCCTO.RIIHC 6blJlO COBCCM IIC3I1al.lHTCJlbllbIM, HMC((IIO C 3Toro MOMCIlTa B
EBpOIlC OKOll4aTCJlbifO IICpCCTaJIH COMIICBaTbC.H B B03MOJKIIOCTH JICTaTh fla
allllapaTax T.HJKCJICC B03Jlyxa.
12
A8ua UR BeJlUKOU 80UUbt
Q,ltHaKO M,lte51 MCIIOJIb30BaHM5I JIeTaTeJIbHOrO Cpe,ltCTBa B BO-
eHHbIX l..{eIDIX HMKor,na He IIOKM,ltana )'MbI JIIO,lteH. BeCHOH 1812 r.
HeMel..{KMM MexaHMK <I>paHI..{ JIelIIIMx 06paTMJIC5I K PYCCKOMY
IIOCJIaHHMKY B llI1)'TrapTe AJIelIMYcy C IIpeJVIO)KeHMeM nocTpo-
MTb ,ltJI5I PyccKoro IIpaBMTeJIbCTBa YlIpaBJI5IeMbIM B03,ltYIllHbIH
Illap. KaK IIMCan AJIelIMYc AJIeKCaHJtPy I: ...JIennMx 06ell{aJI MHe
IIOCTpOMTb n5lTb,ltec5lT TaKMX B03,ltYIllHbIX Kopa6JIeH B Tet.IeUMe
Tpex MeC5Il..{eB...llo C,lteJIaHHbIM ,ltoceJIe paCt.IMCJIeHM5IM HaI1Y,lt06-
HeHIllMe B03,ltYIllHbIe Kopa6JIM MOryT BMell{aTb B ce6e 40 qeJIO-
BeK M IIO,ltHMMaTb 12 000 CPYHTOB*. B t.IMCJIe apTMJIJIepl1HCKMX
IIpe,ltMeTOB, KOMMI1 OH X01.JeT cHa6,ltI1Tb ce651, O)KI1,ltaeT OH oc06-
JIMBO 60JIbIllOrO ,lteHCTBIDI OT 51ll{MKOB, HanOJIHeHHbIX nopOXOM,
KOTopbIe 6pomeHbI 6y,n;yt.IM CBepx)', MOryT pa3pbIBOM CBOI1M, ynaB
Ha TBep,ltble TeJIa, OnpOKI1Hyrb l..{eJIble aCKMpOHbI .
JIelIlIl1X 110 IIpHrJIameHMIO AJIeKCaH,ltpa I IIoceJII1JIC5I B Poc-
CMM IIO,lt MMeHeM II1MI1,ltTa M Hat.Ian B 06cTaHoBKe IIOJIHOH ceK-
peTHocTM oCYll{eCTBJI5ITb CBOM IIpOeKT no,lt BI1,ltOM YCTpOHCTBa
3eMJI5IHOH MamMHbl. fpa,ltOHaqaJIbHI1K MOCKBbl POCTOn4:I1H
,ltOKJIa,ltbIBaJI I..{aplo: HeJIb351 He Y,ltI1BJI5ITbC5I ,lte5lTeJIbHOCTI1
JIelIlIMxa: OH BCTaeT nepBblM 11 JIO)KMTC5I cnaTb IIOCJIe,nHI1M.
Pa60QMe TPY,lt5lTC5I 110 17 QaCOB B ,lteHb; I1X Y)Ke 60JIee CTa QeJIO-
BeK B ero MaCTepCKOH . Q,ltHaKO Bce OlIbITbI IIpe,ltlIpI1MMt.II1BO-
ro HeMl..{a OKOHt.IIDII1Cb HeY,ltat.IeM; ypOBeHb pa3BMTI151 TeXHMKM
Toro BpeMeHM e e He II03BOJI5IJI ,lt06I1TbC5I YCTOHt.IMBOrO ynpaB-
JI5IeMOrO IIOJIeTa orpOMHoro aapOCTaTa 06'beMOM OKOJIO
8 TbIC. M 3 . B 1813 ro,lty JIelIIIMx, nOTpaTMB Ha pa60Tbi 180 TbIC.
py6JIeM, nOKMHYJI POCCMIO C penYTal..{MeH rnapJIaTaHa. HanoJIe-
OH 6bIJI BbIlIpOBO)KeH M3 POCCMM H 6e3 HeMeI..{KOrO QY,lta . Q,lt-
HaKO npMopMTeT HeMel..{KHX YMOB Ha TaKoro po,lta Be,lteHMe 60e-
BbIX ,lteHCTBMH HMKeM TaK M He 6blJI ocnopeH.
K Cepe,ltMHe XIX BeKa B03,ltyxOnJIaBaTeJIM Y)Ke YQaCTBOBa-
JIM B BoeHHbIX ,lteHCTBM5IX B HOBOM KaQeCTBe. B 1849 r. C aapo-
CTaTa 6bIJIa npOM3Be,lteHa 60M6ap,ltMpOBKa BeHel..{MI1 - nepBCUI
60M6ap,ltMpOBKa C B03,ltyxa. A B 1859 r. aapOCTaT YQaCTBOBaJI B
cpIDKeHMM npM COJIb-<I>epHHo. B POCCMM reHepan-MaMop Kpa-
· PYCCKHH Q>YJlT paBIUIJlCJI COpoKOBOH lfaCTH nY/la, IIpHMCpllO 0,41 Kr, TO
CCTb 12000 <PYHTOB COOTBCTCTOYCT BCCY OKOJlO 5 T (300 UYJJ.OB).
IIolleMY Jl10aU He Jlema10m KaK nmU bl 13
eBcKHH B 1869 r. nMCaJI: ... ,ltJI}! ycnexa B cOBpeMeHHoH BOMHe
He,ltOCTaTOqHa y)Ke O,ltHa TaHHa CYBOPOBCKHX no6el{... He06xo-
J(MMa e e l{pyrM, HOBeHllIM, TaMHa n06elt, HOBoe Cpel{CTBO
U u
Be,lteHMH BOMHbI... npMMeHeHMe B03,ltyxOnJIaBaHJ1}! Ha BOHHe
PYCCKOJO apMMelO 6bIJIO 6bI He6ecnOJIe3Ho...»
BoeHHo-yqeHbIH KOMHTeT, nO,ltp06HO H3yqMB Bonpoc npM-
U
MeHeHM}! a3pocT2TOB B BoeHHblX ,lteJ1CTBHRX, npMllIeJI K 3aKJIIO-
qeHMIO, al{peCOBaB ero PYCCKOMY BoeHHOMY MMHHCTPY (5) 18
,lteKa6pR 1869 r.: EbIJIO 6bI HeCnpaBel{JIMBO npeHe6peraTb Ta-
KHM Cpe,ltCTBOM, C nOMO blO KOToporo HBJI}!eTC}! B03MO)J(HOCTb
CBoeBpeMeHHO paCKpbIBaTb CI1JIbI npOTMBHHKa, CT}!rHBaeMble K
nOJIIO cpIDKeHMR, HJIH npel{OTBpa aTb CKpbITO nO,ltrOTOBJIReMbIe
HM YltapbI, onpel{eJI}!Tb pacnOJIO)J(eHMe aTaKyeMoM KpenOCTJ1 MJIM
pa60T OCIDK,ltalO ero, HaKOHeu, Ha6JIIO,ltaTb Ha 60JIee MJIH MeHee
3HaqMTeJIbHOM paCCTORHHM onepaUI1M npOTI1BHHKa no nepenpa-
Be qepe3 peKH, no 3aH}!TMIO JIeCHbIX HJIM nepeCeqeHHbIX npo-
CTpaHCTB, no 060pOHe 6eperOB H np. Bo Bcex CJIyqaHX B03.l(YIlI-
HbIe peKorHocUHpOBKH, npOH3Be,lteHHble npM 6JIarOnpH}!THbIX
06CTO}!TeJIbCTBax, MOryT ,ltOCTaBHTb HeoueHHMbIe YCJIyrM .
Q,ltHaKO I1eCMOTp}! Ha TO, qTO onbITbI C npMMeHeHHeM a3po-
CTaTOB B BoeHHbIX ueJI}!X B POCCHH npOBO,ltMJIHCb, B PYCCKO-
TypeUKoH BOMHe 1877-1878 rr. a3pOCTaTbI He yqacTBOBaJIH, B
TO BpeMR KaK B apMH}!X EBponbI H AMepHKH Y)J(e 6bIJIH opra-
HM30BaHbI B03,ltyxOnJIaBaTeJIbHbIe qaCTH. Bo <DpaHUI1I1 B 1878 r.
6bIJIa yqpe)J(,lteHa B03ltyxOnJIaBaTeJIbHaH IlIKOJIa B Me,ltOHe 11
C03,ltaHa CneUHaJIbHa}! BOeHHa}! B03,ltyxOnJIaBaTeJIbHaH KOMMC.:
CH}!. AHrJIM}! K 3TOMY MOMeHTY y)Ke HMeJIa CBOIO B03,ltyxOnJIa-
BaTeJIbHYIO IllKOJIY B BYJIBMtJe M HeCKOJIbKO B03,ltyxOnJIaBaTeJIb-
HbIX pOT. TaK)Ke 6bIJIa C03,ltaHa pOTa B03,ltyxOnJIaBaTeJIeM B fep-
MaHMH. A C 1884 r. C03,ltaeTC}! BoeHHoe B03,ltyxOnJIaBaHMe H B
POCCHH. 11 C 3TJ1X nop npHMeHeHMe JIeTaTeJIbHbIX annapaTOB
JIeNe B03,ltyxa B BoeHHbIX ueJI}!X y)J(e CTaHOBMTC}! }leJIOM 06blt-l-
HbIM.l{JI}! 3TOH ueJIM l{a)Ke 6bIJIM C03l{aHbI CneUHaJIbHbIe npl1-
B}!3Hble aapOCTaTbI, KOTopble HCnOJIb30BaJIMCb KaK BbICOTHble
Ha6JIIOl{aTeJIbHbIe nYHKTbI.
II PHB}!3HbIe a3pOCTaTbI npHMeH}!JIHCb, XOT}! 11 OqeHb orpa-
HMtJeIIHO, ,ltJI}! pa3Be,ltKH B PyccKO-}!nOHcKYIO BOMHY 1904-
14
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80U1lbl
1905 rr. CHaqaJIa JIeHTeHaHT B03.lI.yxOIIJIaBaTeJIhHOH CJIYjf(6hI
JIaBpoB opraHH30BaJI B TIopT-ApType nocTpoHKY CaMo,n;eJIhHO-
ro B03,n;YIIIHoro llIapa. 3aTeM C 3Toro llIapa 6hIJI paccMoTpeH
Henpl1.HTeJIhCKI1W YKpenJIeHHhIM: JIareph, KOTOphIH BhICTpeJIaMH
C HallIl1X 6pOHeHOCI.1eB 6hIJI paCCTpeJI.HH 12-,lUOHMOBhIMI1 CHap.H-
,n;aMH, TaK qTO .HnOHI.1hI nocnelliHO ,n;OJIjf(HhI 6hIJI11 ero 6pOC11Th H
nepeHeCTI1 B 60JIee OT,n;aJIeHHYIO OT TIopT-ApTYpa MeCTHOCTh.
O,n;HaKo (23 HO.H6p.H) 5,n;eKa6p.H 1904 r. JIaBpoB norH611 pa60ThI
C CaMO.lI.eJIhHhIM npI1B.H3HhIM IIIapoM npeKpaTI1JIl1ch. 3cTacpeTY
no,n;XBaTHJI KOMaH,n;l1p B03.n;yxOnJIaBaTeJIhHOrO 6aTaJIbOHa Ko-
BaHhKO A. M., npl16hIBllI11H MeC.HI.1 cnycT.H C .n;BYM.H 3MeHKoBhIM11
a3poCTaTaMI1 Ha j:{aJIhHeBOCTOqHhIH TeaTp BoeHHhlX .n;eHcTBI1H
no HaCTO.HHI1IO BoeHHoro MHHl1cTpa CaxapoBa. 3aTeM no.n;KJIIO-
ql1JIC.H K 60eBoH pa60Te 11 6aTaJIhOH H. f. EapaToBa.
TIapaJIJIeJIbHO 3TOMY paaBHBaJIl1Ch 11 cpe.n;cTBa 3a I1TbI OT
BHOBh nO.HBHBllII1XC.H B03,n;YIIIHhIX cpe.n;cTB paaBe,n;KH H Hanan;e-
HI1.H. K KOHI.1Y XIX BeKa B fepMaHl111 6hIJI11 ,n;ocTl1rHyrhI HeMa-
JIbIe ycnexH B npaKTHKe CTpeJIh6hI no B03,n;YllIHbIM IIIapaM. rep-
MaHcKI1H BoeHHhIH areHT nl1can B 1892 r.: OnhIThI Ha KYM-
Mepc,n;op<pCKOM nOJIHrOHe nOKa3aJIH, QTO B03,n;YIIIIihIH IIIap,
Haxo,n;I1BIIII1HC.H Ha BbICOTe 150-250 M, npl1 CTpeJlh6e C paCCTO-
.HHH.H 5000 M cnYCTHJIC.H O,n;HH paa nOCJIe ,n;eC.HTOrO, a ,n;pyroH
paa nOCJIe ,n;Ba.zI:I.1aTOrO BhICTpeJIa.
OnbIThI Ha nOJIHrOHe B fpynne (He,n;aneKO OT fpay,n;eHI.1a)
v v
nOKa3aJIH, qTO B03,n;YllIHbIH llIap, Haxo,n;HBIIIHHC.H Ha BbICOTe
CBbIllIe 200 M, onycTHJIC.H nOCJIe qeTBepToro 3aJIna KpenOCT-
1I0W apTHJIJIepHH .
Ho, HeCMOTp.H Ha CTOJIh .HBHhIe ycnexH B03,n;YX0I1JIaBaTeJIeH,
C HaqanOM XX BeKa aapOllJIaH Bce 60JIhllIe H 60JIbllIe 3aBOeBhI-
Ban BHHMaHHe 06ruecTBeHHOCTI1. III Tyr Bcex onepe,n;H.7IH cppaH-
QY3hI. Kor.n;a 17 OKT.H6p.H 1891 r. H36paHHaJI ny6JIHKa, BeCh
I1apHiK , XJIbIHYJIa B pacnaxHyrhIe ,n;BepH BbICTaBKH Ha EJII1CeH-
CKHX nOJI.HX, rB03.lU1 3KCn03HI.1HH - JIeTaTeJIbHOrO anrrapaTa
30JI cppaHI.1}'3CKOro HHiKeHepa KneMaHa Mepa - Yjf(e He 6hlJIO
Ha MecTe. 3ar3J10QHa.H MallIHHa, 0 KOTOpOH MaJIO qTO 3HaJIH ,n;IDKe
Be3JJ;ecymHe raaeTtlHKI1, Wcqe3JIa C BbICTaBKH 3a HecKOJIhKO qa-
COB JJ;O OTKpbITH.H, cpa3Y jf(e nOCJIe Toro, KaK 430JI OCMOTpeJI
II 01le.MY .nlOdu He .nemalOm KaK nmUlJ,bl 15
BoeHHbIH MHHMCTp <DpaHUMH. II03)1(e npecca nMcana, liTO Aztep
npO,ltOJI)I(aeT pa60ry B MHTepecax BoeHHoro Be,ltOMCTBa, KOHeq-
HCUI ueJIb - BbIpa60TKa B03,ltYlllHOH CTpaTerMH H TaKTHKH,
C03.n.aHHe aBJ.-laUHOHHof, apMI1H . <I>paHQY3CKHe BoeHHbIe Teo-
peTHKH Y)I(e TOr,lta, e,ltBa JIH He aa t.JeTBepTb BeKa ,lt0 Haqana Be-
u u
JIHKOH BOHHbI nOHHJIH - aBHaQHH npe,ltCToHT H3MeHHTb TbICH-
lIeJIeTHl1e npe,ltCTaBJIeHHH 0 crpaTerHH H TaKTHKe BoellHbIX ,lteH-
CTBHM. Tenepb peKH, ropbI H MOpH - Bce 3TH HenpeO,ltOJIHMbIe
nperpa,ltbI npe,ltIlleCTBYIOIl{HX Bothi - nOCJIY)KaT OTJIHt.JHbIMH
opHeHTHpaMH JUlH HOBbIX yt-IaCTHHKOB BoeHHbIX ,lteHCTBHM.
KOHellHO )Ke, BblrO,ltbI Honoro BI1,lta TeXHHKH BHlI.eJIJtI He
TOJIbKO <ppaHQY3CKHe BoeHHbIe. B AMepMKe 6paTbH PaHT Y)Ke
K oceHH 1908 ro,lta COBepllIHJII1 }leMaJIO nOJIeTOB HaLllUOnaMH
aMepHKaHCKoro n06epe)Kh.H B ATJIanTHKe. BeJIHCb pa60TbI no
OCBOeHl1lO B03,ltYllIHbIX MallIMH 11 B EBpone. Tenepb Y)Ke HCCJle-
,nOBaTeJIH CTpeMHJIHCb KO Bce 60JIbllICMY paCllIHpeHHIO B03MO)K-
HocTeM a3pOnJIaHOB. B EBpony npH6bIBaeT BMJI6yp PaHT C Ha-
MepeHHeM npO,ltaTb naTeUT Ha CBOM annapaT. A C 1909 r. uallH-
HalOTCH HenpeKpamaIOIl{HeCH copeBHOBaHH.H 3a nepBeHCTBO B
He6e Me)l(,lty AHpH <I>apManoM H JIYH BJIepHo. 25 MIOJIH 1909 r.
JIYH BJIepHO BblpbIBaeTcH Bnepe,lt, BnepBbIe nepeJIeTeB no B03-
,ltyxy JIaMaHlll aa 37 MHHYT. B 1910 ro,lty fy6epT JIeTaM no,lt-
HjlJI Ha CBoeM annapaTe KHHoonepaTopa; Q>HJIbM C He6bIBaJIbI-
MH BH,ltaMH IIapH)I(a c BbICOTbI nTHt.Jhero nOJIeTa ,lteMOHCT-
pMpOBaJICH BO Bcex KHHoTeaTpax Q>paHQY3cKOM CTOJIHQbI. Bce
3TO n06y,ltHJIO Q>paHUY3cKoe BoeHHoe KOMaH,ltOBaHHe 3aK)'nHTb
a3pOnJIaHbI ,ltJIH CBOHX HY)K,lt. 13 a3pOnJIaHOB H 4 B03,ltYllIHbix
cy,ltHa npHHMMalOT Yt.JacTHe B 1910 r. Ha MaHeBpax Q>paHUY3-
CKOH apMHH B nHKap,ltHH. DHH 6bIJIH npe,ltHa3HalleHbI ,ltJIH B03-
v u
,ltYlllHOH pa3Be,ltKH, C KaKOBOH ueJIbIO npOBe,lteHbI HHTepeCHbIe
MCIIbITaHHH; 6bIJIH npOBe,lteHbI Q>oTOC'beMKH C B03,ltyxa H nepe..;
,ltat.Ja pa3Be.lUJ;aHHbIX no pa,ltHO. B nOCJIe,ltYIOIl{He HeCKOJIbKO JIeT
COBMeCTHbIMH YCHJIHSlMH KOHCTPYKTOPOB, JIeT'llHKOB 11 npc.n.-
npHHHMaTeJIeH a3pOnJIaH, 6bIBlllliM TaK ne,ltaBHO npocToH Hr-
u u
PYlllKOH, npblraBlIleM Ha paCCTOHHMe HeCKOJIbKHX MeTpOB, npe-
BpaIl{aeTCH B JIeTaTeJIhHYIO MaIIIHHY, nO,ltHHMalOIl{YIOCH ,lt0
4 TbIC. M, npoJIeTalOIl{YlO 6e30cTaHoBollHO 60JIee 8 qac. H 60JIee
16
A6uaQUSl BeJlulWu 60UHbl
800 KM., - nHCaJI B HaqaJIe 1912 r. PYCCKHH )l(ypHaJI 4TeXHHKa
003JtyxOnJIaBaHHR.. 11 B TOM )ICe roJty <l>paHI!Y3CKHH )KYPHaJI
.ApTHJIJIepHHCKoe peBIO. 3aMeTHJI: 4HTaJlO-rypeI!KaSI BonHa
u
npe.nocraBHJIa aapon.naHY CJIytlaH J!OKa3aTb CBOIO npHroJ(HOCTb
He TOJIbKO 0 CMblCJIe 0pYJ(HR pa3BeJtKH*, no TalOKe H KaK cpeJ(-
CToa JtIDI Hana.n;eHHR; nOJIb3a a3pOnJIaHa B nepBOM CJIyqae Bce-
u
rJta Ka3aJIaCb HeocnopHMOH, qTO )l(e KacaeTCH BToporo npMMe-
HeHHR, TO 0 HeM qaCTO COMHeBaJIHCb.. Y)I(e H306peTeHbI J1.JI$I
u
aTaKH HaaeMHblX BOHCK MeTaJIJIHqeCKHe CTpe.1IbI-,npOTMKI1 P33-
MepOM q)'Tb 60JIbIIIe KapaHJ1.aIIIa H BeCOM 30 f., KOTopble, 6JIa-
rOJ1.apR YCKOpeHHIO CB06o.l(Horo naJ(eHHH, npo6HB3JlH J1.0CKY
TOJImHHOH 150 MM. TaKHe CTpeJIbl HCnOJIb30B3JIHCb npaKTH-
qeCKH 0 TeqeHHe BceH nepOOH MHpOBOH BOHHbI...
He nOKHJ{aJIa YMbI BoeHHbIX .l(eRTeJIeH H B03MO)KHOCTb 60M-
60MeTaHHH C 003J1.yxa. I1TaJIb$lHCKHH JIeHTeHaHT K. UHneJlJIH
HaqaJI 3KcnepHMeHTbI C aBHaUHoHHoH 6oM60H eme J1.0 BeJIH-
Kon BOHHbl. fJIaOHOH np06JIeMoH 6blJIO C03JtaTb B3pbIBaTeJIb,
KOTOpblH cpa6aTbIB3JI 6bI HMeHHO B TOT MOMeHT, KOrJ1.a CHapM
KacaeTCR QeJIH. Bo BpeMR HTaJIO-rypeUKoH BOHHbl (ceHT$l6pb
1911 - OKTSl6pb 1912) Ha rypeUKHe n03HUH" c6pacbIBaJIHCb
10-Kr 6oM6bI, B MaCCI1BHOM UHJIHHJ1.pH'IeCKOM Kopnyce KOTO-
pbIX BMeCTe co B3pbIO'laTbIM BemeCTBOM pacnOJIaraJIaCb Kap"
Teqb, nOpajf(aBIII31I npH paapbIBax jf(HBYIO CHJIY.* *. B KOHlte
JIeTa 1911 r. J1.a)Ke B POCCHH npOBOJ1.WIHCb nepobIe BoeHHbIe Ma-
Heopbl C npo6HblMH nOJIeTaMH a3pOIL1IaHoB.
OJ(Ha H3 nepobIx 60M6apJ1.HpOBOK C CaMOJIeTa 6b1JIa npoua-
BeJ(eHa 1 HOR6pR 1911 r. ,l1)KYJIHO faBOITH c6pocWI co cBoem
· IIcpoCUI pcKorIlOCI{J-tpoOK3 n03HIIHH npoTHBIIHKa C 33pollJl3l1a 6blJ13 IIpO-
DCJlClla 22 OKTJl6pJl 1911 .... MTaJlbJlIICKHM I1"JIOTOM KcUIHTaliOM IIbCIUla 113
31111apaTC EJICpHO. ,
. ... J1CDKc 0" 1917 r. OOCIIIIOC DCJlOMCTOO POCCH" 0 MaCCOOOM KOJUtlfCCTltC 33-
rOTOBJUIJIO T3KHC C"PCJlbJ. AK1tWOIICPliOMY 06l1lCCTIJY .J!cKa. B lIalfaJlC rOJla
6blJlO 33KCL13110 400 TbIC. ."YJlb JlJlH MCTalllHf C a;-JpolIJ1aIlOO.. 3anOJl K HIOJIIO
CJlaJl 3TOT JaKeL1 3PMIUt.
... TorJLa n JIHB"H 6blJ10 HCnOJlb30nali0 0 rlOClillblX IlCJ1HX 20 C3MOJICTOO.
Cua4aJI35 U KatfCCTDC p330CJltfHKOD, KOTOpblC IIHJIOTHpooaJlH J!)KYJlHO faoo,.-
TH, JIbCI(lla, MOHll0, IIOCCH H PYJla. 3a1'CM lIalllJIH HM IlOIIOJlIlHTCJlh!lOC IIpH-
MCIICIII1C, clla6JU'IH HX KaJIHH-IIWTpaTllbIMH 6oM6aMH, KOTOpblC 0111-1 6pOCaJIH C
300 II 500-MC'fpOlJOH RblCOTbl B TypCI1KHC DOHcKa.
llOfleMg .IllOiJU He JlemalOm KaK nmU bl 1 7
.PYMnJIep- Tay6e. 4 MaJIeHhKMX 6oM6bl BecOM 2 Kr Ha ceBepo-
a<l>PHKaHCKHe HaCeJIeHHhIe nYHKTbI TaryHpa H AWH I..{apa; OH )Ke
06crpeJuL7I npH aTOM CKOIUleHHe apa6cKHX BOMCK H3 JIHlIHOrO
Op)')KHH. OJJ;HaKO pe3YJIbTaT 6oM6ap.l(HpoBKH Bcex paaOllapOBaJI.
B oKTR6pe 1912 f. Ha\faJIHCh 60cBbIe ttCHCTBH Ha DaJIKa-
Hax. qepHofopHR, Cep6HR, fpeUHR H DOJIrapHR 06'bSlBHJIH BOM-
HY TYPUHH. B aTOM BOHue YlIacTBOBaJIH Y)Ke He eJ!HHHlIHble
CaMOJleTbI, a I.1eJIbIH aBHaOTpSl.l{ C PYCCKHMli JIeTlIHKaMI1-J{06-
poBOJIhuaMH. nOJ{ PYKOBOttCTBOM C. l.I.{eTMHHHa, OJ{lIoro H3
OCHOBaTeneH POCCHHCKOfO TOBapHlueCTBa B03ttyxOnJIaBaHMSI,
JIeTtlHKH AraQ>oHoB, EBCIOKOB, KOJIlIHH H KOCTHH COCTaBHJII1
nepBoe B HCTOpHH 60eBoe nOttpa3.l{eJIeHHe PYCCKOH aBHaI..lHH.
DHH MHOro pa3 JIeTaJIH H3J( OCa)KJ{eHHhIM MpHanOnOJIeM, n
KOTOpOM 3aCeJIH TypeUKMe BOHCKa, Q>OTorpaQ>HpOBaJIH BpaJKe-
CKHe n03HUMH, c6paChiBaJIH 60M6bl H JIHCTOBKH.
BepHYBIIIliCh B POCCMIO, I.IJ.eTHHHH 06CTORTeJIbHO ttOJIO)l(MJI
o t(eRTeJIbHOCTM aBHaOTpRtta B 06meCTBe peBHHTeJIeH BoeH-
HbIX 3uaHHM. OH, B lIaCTHOCTH, OTMeTMJI, liTO 60JlrapCKaJI ap-
MHH MOrJIa 6bI OKa3aTbCR B 3aTpy,ltHMTeJIbHOM nOJIOJKeHHI1, eCJIH
6bl TYPKH pacnOJIaraJIH XOTSI 6bI napOM aapOnJIaHOB. OCMMB
MpMaHOnOJIb, 60JIrapbI nO.l(B03HJIM BOHCKaM CHapSlIKeHHe H
npoBHaHT no et(HHCTBeHHOMY MOCTY lIepe3 peKY MapMUY. BY.l{b
Y TypOK aBHaUHR, onH 6bI paa60M6HJIM MOCT H OTpe3a.TIH OT
v
TbIJIOB nepe.l(OBble BOHCKa npoTHBHHKa.
ECTecTBeHHoe CTpeMJIeHHe BoeHHblX JleT1.J:IIKOn CTpeJI Tb C
CaMOJIeTa no Ha3eMHbIM ueJlRM npHBeJIO K TOMY, \ITO B POCC!"H
elIte B 1912 r. 6bIJI C03.l{aH A.A. nopoxoBuiHKOBhlM .l{BYXMeCT-
UblM aapOIIJIaH BH-KOK-2, MMeBIlIHH ,ltBOHHOe ynpaBJIeHHe,
6poHHpoBaHHoe .l{HHl.l1e BbIHeceHHOM Bnepe,lt rOH,ltOJIbI., .l{OC-
TaTOqHbie 0630p H 06CTpeJI H3 nO.l{BH)KHOrO nYJleMeTa Bnepe.l{-
BHH3. (6) 19 aBrycTa 1913 f. Ha KneMeHTbeBcKoM nOJIHrOHC
He,lt3JIeKO O T MO)KaWCKa npOBO.l{HJIHCb McnhITaHMSI aToM. B03-
· 8 1912 ... lIa III B03JlyxOIIJlanaTCJlhilOH DbiCTaOKC 0 napJ-tlKc UIICpltblC :)KC-
IIOIl"poOaJICSI .6JIHIfJ1HpOOaliltbIH. MOJlOIlJlall .Mopall-COJlllhC. cCHrapoo6-
pa.1l1blM KOPIlYCOM, IIOJlllOCTblO 06l1un'bIM JUICTOOOn CTaJlbIO. II XOTSI 110 3a-
MblCJlY KOIICTpYKTopa CTaJib 6h(JIa IIpHMcllclia IIC CTOJI bKO JI.JUf aaUU1Tbi I1I1JIO-
TOO, CKOJlbKO WIH YKPCIIJICIIIUI KOIICTPYKHHH CaMOJICTa, JICT4HKH lIa 3THX Ma-
I((HllaX CTaJIH MCIICC YJl3IJHMbIMH.
18
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80UHbl
J1YIlIHOM MalIIMHbI, 3aIUIIOtIaBlIIlfeCjI B CTpeJIb6e C B03J{yxa no
Ha3eMHbIM QeJI M. 113 200 MaHeKeHOB, no 7 B PjlJJ;Y, lIepe3 7
lIIarOB OJJ;HH OT ,ltPyroro, 6bIJIa BbIcTpoeHa neXOTa; B ueJIb no-
na.no 8,1% OT 06m:ero lIHCJIa BblnYlJteHHhIX nYJIb. OJJ;HaKO BO-
eHHoe Be.n:OMCTBO He npHJJ;aJIO 3HaqeHH5I aTMM HcnbITaHM5IM.
OcpHUHaJIhHOe 3aKJIIOqeHI1e KOMHCCHH TOJIbKO H OTMeTI1JIO, QTO
CTpeJIb6a C aapOnJIaHa B03MO)KHa, npH aTOM He06xoJJ;MMa nOJI-
Ha CJIaiKeHHOCTb pa60TbI nl1JIOTa H nYJIeMeTlIHKa.
OJ1HaKO TaKa51 OCTOpO)KHOCTb OI.1eHOK 0605lCH5IeTC5I He
TOJIbKO He,n:OCTaTOtIHbIM KOJIMlIeCTBOM HcnbITaHHH, HO npe)K,lte
Bcero pe3KO OTpMI.1aTeJIbHbIM OTHOllIeHl1eM 60JIblIlHHCTBa BO-
eHHbIX TeopeTHKOB H I1CCJIeJJ;OBaTeJIei1: K 60eBOMY npHMeHeHMIO
aBHau,HJ.1. 3TO npOHCXO,ltI1JIO no MHOfHM npI1QHHaM. Bo-nep-
BbIX, BbICIliM-rI KOMaHJJ;HbIH COCTaB TOfO BpeMeHM, 6YJ1YQH no,lt-
fOTOBJIeHHbIM cTapoH lIlKOJIOH, Tpa.ztHI.1110HHO elIte C XV B. CQH-
TaBlIIel1 fJIaBHOM YJJ;apHOH CHJIOH apTHJIJIepHIO, He BI1JJ;eJI 3a
aBMaUHeM J{eHCTBI1TeJIbHOH BoeHHOM MOmH. ABl1aUH ,lta)Ke B
Ka"leCTBe nOMOll.(HHUbI apTI1JIJIepl1H elIte cepbe3HO He paCCMaT-
pnBaJIaCb, nOCKOJIbKY KOppeKTl1pOBaTb OfOHb apTI1JIJIepHH Tor-
J1a Ka3aJIOCb fOpa3,lt0 60JIee YJJ;06UbIM C npMB5I3HbIX a::JpOCTa-
TOB; na HHX MOiKHO 6bIJIO YCTaHOBHTb TeJIecpoH.
Bo- BTOpbIX, B CI1JIY pelIlalOlIteH 3aBHCMMOCTI1 OT Beca He
npeACTaBJI5IJIOCb B03MO)KHbIM 6paTb Ha 60pT aapOnJIaHa 60JIb-
1lI0e KO][]11leCTBO 60M6, liTO H B caMOM ,lteJIe, KaK nOKa3aJI onbIT
HTaJIO-TypeQKOM 116aJIKaHCKOH BOHH, He n03BOJI5IJIO OKa3bIBaTb
cepbe3HOfO BJIM5IHHjI Ha XO.l( 60eBbIX ,lteHCTBHH. ,l{a)Ke T5I)Ke-
JIbIe MHorOMOTopHble MYPOMI.1bI , n05lBHBlIlHeC5I B POCCHH B
1913 f., npOHrpbIBa..TJI1 B rpY30I10Jt'beMHOCTH Ii .l(aJIbHOCTH ,lteH-
CTBH5I Jl.OCTaTOllHO pa3BHTbIM K TOMY BpeMeHI1 JJ;l1pl1)Ka6JI5IM M
oc06eHHO nenneJIHHaM.
B-TpeTbHX, B CMJIY 60JIblIlOH CKOpOCTM, Ka3aJIOCb HeB03-
MO)KHbIM BeCTH C a3pOnJIaHa npl1ueJIbHbIH OfOHb M3 Of He-
CTpeJIbHOrO 0PY)KH5I. H, HaKoneu, n-lIeTBepTbIX, aapOnJIaHbI
6bIJIH eme HaCTOJIbKO HeHa,lte)KHbIMM H nOCT05lHHO JIOMaJIHCb
B nOJIeTe OT caMbIX He3nallHTeJIbHbIX npHlIHH, liTO nplfMeHjlTb
HX K KaKJ1M-JIM60 HacTynaTeJIbHbIM t\eHCTBH5IM Ka3aJIOCb npo-
CTO HeMbICJIMMbIM. B pe3Y JIbTaTe y KOMalI,ltHOfO COCTaBa CJIO-
II OtteMY 11lOaU 'He llemalOm 'Ka'K nmU bl 19
:>KMJIOCb MHeHHe, qTO 60eBoe rrpHMeHeHMe aBMal{I1I1, He lJ:aB
HHKaKHX 3HaqHTeJIbHbIX pe3YJIbTaTOB caMO rro ce6e, He rr03BO-
JIHT aBHal{HH BblnOJIHHTb 11 ee OCHOBHYIO 3a,l(aqy - pa3BelJ:KY.
C lJ:PyroH CTOpOHbI, narrpI1Mep, 3HaMeHI1TbIH YlIeHbIH 3lJ:H-
COH (1847-1931), nOJIaraJI, liTO a3pOfIJIaH B KaqeCTBe CpC,l(CTBa
Hana.n:eHM MO:>KeT npeBpaTHTbC B TaKoe a6COJIIOTIIoe>.> opY-
)KHe, rrpOTI1B KOToporo He OKa)KeTC cpe,n;CTB J].JI 060POHbI>'>. B
aTOM cJIyqae, 3aKJIIOqaJI 3HaMeHHTbIH I1306peTaTeJIb, BOI1Ha CTa-
HeT HeB03MO)KHOH. CKerrTMKI1, Ha060poT, BHJ(eJIH rroMexy B rrpaI<-
TI1qeCKOM rrpHMeHeHJ.1H aapOrrJIaHa I1MeHHO B ero 3aMClJaTeJIb-
HbIX CBOHCTBax. «AapOrrJIaHbI, BCJJelJ:CTBl1e cBoeH 60JIblIlOi 1 CKO-
pOCTI1, He rr03BOJI.HT ycrrewBo rrOJIb30BaTbC opY)Kl1eM 11 6pOCaTI>
B l{eJIb CHap ,n;bl, a nOTOMY H He MOryT I1MeTb 3HalJl1TCJIbHOH Ha-
cTyrraTeJIbHOH CI1JIbl>.>, - TaKOBO 6bIJIO MHeHI1e neKOTopbIX rep-
MaHCKHX BbICllIHX BoeHHbIX ,n;e TeJIeH. rJIaBHYIO pOJlb B rp J{Y-
lI.{HX 60M6ap.ltHpOBKax TaM OTBO,n;MJIM I1MeHHO l..{enrreJII1HaM, TeM
60JIee, qTO B aTOM Bu.n;e BoopY)KeHI1 repMaHH I1MeJIa HeCOM-
u
HeHHbIH rrepeBec rrepe,n; BceMH OCTaJlbHbIMH ,n;ep)KaBaMl1.
TaK :>Ke CMOTpeJIH Ha HOBoe cpe,n;CTBO BOHHbI 11 BO cDpaHl{I1H.
Ha 60JIbllIMX MaHeBpax <ppaHu.Y3CKOH apMHM B 1912 r. aaponJla-
HaM OTBeJIM JII111Ib pOJIb pa3BelJ:tIMKOB. EOM6ap,n;l1pOBOK C B03,n;y-
xa He npOBo,n;H.7IOCb, ,n;aJKe neCMOTp}l Ha TO, liTO BO <1>paHQHI1 TOJlb-
KO-TOJIbKO 3aKOnqWIC KOHKYpC «B03,n;YllIHOH MI111IeHH>.> MHllJ-
JIeHa. rr06e,n;MTeJI MH KOHKypca 6bIJIl1 npH3HaHbI JIeTlIl1K re6ep
11 CTpeJIOK - JIeHTeHaHT aMepI1KaHCKOH apMHM CKOTT. C6pOCHB
CHap5l,n;bI C 200-MeTpOBOH BbICOTbI, CKOTT YJIO:>KHJI 12 60M6 Ij3
15 B KpyrJIYIO MHllIeHb ,n;MaMeTpoM 20 M. EOM60MeTaHHe C BbI-
COTbI 800 M YBeHqa.n:ocb IlOna;!aHHeM 8 CHap .lI.OB 113 15 B qeTbI-
pexyrOJIbUYIO IleJIb pa3MepOM 120x40 MI ITO,n;06Hble )Ke HCflbI-
TaHH npOBo,n;HJII1Cb 11 B POCCHH. O,n;HaKo ClJHTaTIOCb, qTO I13-3a
u
orpaHHQeHHOI1 rpY30no,n;'beMHOCTH 11 M3-3a rrOBbIllIeHHoro pI1C-
Ka CaMonOpa:>KeHH rrpI1 60M60MeTaHI1H Ha MaJIOH BblCOTe Ta-
Koe HCnOJIb30BaHHe aapOrrJIaHOB HeacpcpeKTI1BHo.
TeM He MeHee, BoeHHble npo,n;OJI)KaJIl1 HCKaTb rrYTI1 pa3BH-
TM HOBoro BH,n;a TeXHI1KI1. L{o HaQaJIa BeJII1KOH BOHHbI PYC-
CKoe KOMaH.lI.OBaHl1e npOBeJIO Tpl1 KOHKypca aapOnJIaHOB, CTH-
MYJIHPY .lI.e TeJIbHOCTb OTeQeCTBeHHbIX aBHaKOHCTpYKTOpOB.
20
A8Ua UJl BellUKOU 80Ullbl
B 1912 r. BbI,ltBMraJIMCb ,[(JI}! yqaCTM}! B KOHKypce cJIe.n:yroIl1Me
Tpe60BaHM5I:
1. AapOnJIaH ,[(OJI)KeH 6bITb nocTpoeH B POCCMM (,ltOnycKa-
u
JIOCb MCnOJIb30BaHMe MaTepMaJIOB M OT,[(eJIbHbIX qaCTeM MHOCT-
paHHoro npOM3BO,ltCTBa);
2. TIOJIe3HasI HarpY3Ka ,[(OJI)KHa COCTaBJI5ITb - ,[(Ba qeJIOBe-
Ka aKHna)Ka, He06xo,[(MMbIe MHcTpYMeHTbI M npM60pbI (6YCCOJIb,
cpoTorpacpMqeCKMH annapaT, Bce He06xo,[(MMoe ,ltJI}! peMoHTa M
T.n. + 3anac 6eH3MHa H MaCJIa Ha 3 qaca nOJIeTa);
3. CKOpOCTb - He MeHee 80 KM/qaC;
4. CKopono,[('beMHOCTb - He MeHee 500 M 3a 15 MMH.
TaK)Ke oc060 orOBapHBaJIHCb ,ltJIMTeJIbHOCTb nOJIeTa, ,[(JIH-
Ha paa6era, B03MO)KHOCTb B3JIeTaTb co BcnaxaHHOfO (HO He
CBe)KeBCnaXaHHoro) H 3aCe5lHHOfO nOJI5I M onycKaTbc5I Ha HHX
)Ke 6e3 KaKMX 6bI TO HM 6bIJIO nOJIOMOK . KpOMe TOfO, CaMOJIe-
TbI .lI.OJI)KHbI 6bIJIH JIefKO pa36I1paTbC5I, TpaHcnopTMpOBaTbC5I H
c06HpaTbC5I He ,nOJIee, qeM 3a ,nBa qaca. TIOJIKOBHMK YJIb5lHMH
eme B 1911 r. BbI.lI.BMHY JI M,nero CKJIa,nHOfO C,aMOJIeTa . B pe-
3YJIbTaTe no,[( PYKOBO,ltCTBOM JIeTqMKa B. JIe6e,[(eBa 6bIJI nOCT-
poeH CKJIa,[(HoM <I>apMaH , KOTOpbIH HenJIOXO JIeTaJI, HO YCTY-
naJI no xapaKTepMcTHKaM OpMfMHaJIY cDapMaHy-IV .
EbIJIO Tpe60BaHMe M TaKoro pO.lI.a: aapOnJIaH ,[(OJI)KeH npe,n-
CTaBJI5ITb HaM60JIblllHe Y,lt06CTBa ,nJI5I o6paIUeHM5I C ofHeCTpeJIb-
HbIM 0pY)KHeM M ,lJ;JI5I 6pocaHMH 60M6 .
EHnJIaH CI1KOpCKOfO C-6E Ha KOHKypce 1912 r. npO,lteMOH-
CTpHpOBaJI OT JIMtJHbIe CBoMcTBa:
CKOpOCTb ,[(0 113,5 KM/qaC, CKOpOnO.lI.'beMHOCTb - 500 M
3a 6,4 MMH., Ha nOJIHYro paa60pKY aapOnJIaHa YXO,nMJIO Bcero
18,2 MMHYT!
A oT06paHHbIH KOMMCCl1eH Ha KOHKypce 1913 f. npH6op
,nJI5I 6pocaHM5I CHap5l,ltOB C aapOnJIaHOB M ynpaBJI5IeMbIX aapo-
CTaTOB , M3fOTOBJIeHHbIH IIITa6c-KanMTaHoM TOJIMatJeBbIM,
MCnOJIb30BaJIC5I B PYCCKOM aBMal.{HM ,no 1916 f.
3aHMMaJIMCb pa3BHTHeM B03,[(YlliHOfO <pJIOTa M BoeHHo-
MopcKMe Be,[(OMCTBa. Eme (27 51HBap5l) 9 cpeBpaJI5I 1910 f. OT-
cTaBHoH KanMTaH I paHfa M. TIap<peHoB C.lI.eJIaJI ,ltOKJIa,r( B HM-
nepaTopCKOM PYCCKOM TeXHMtJeCKOM o6mecTBe «0 B03.lI.YXO-
II 01leMY Jlroau He Jlemarom KaK nmU11,bl 21
nJIaBSHHH B HameM <pJIOTe , B KOTOpOM rOBOpMJIOCh: MO)KHO
6e301IIH6o\lHO CKa3aTh, \lTO pa3Be,n;Ka, cOBepllleHHasI C BoeHHO-
MOpCKHMH u;eJIHMH Ha .lU1pHJKa6JIe MJB1 a3pOnJIaHe, ,n;OJIJKHa
,n;aTh BO BpeMH MOpCKOti BOtiHhI nOpa3HTeJIbHbIe pe3YJIhTaThl,
npe,n;eJI KOTOphIX YM Halli He B COCTOHHHH ,n;aJKe onpe,n;eJIHTh .
B 3TOM JKe ro,n;y BO <l>paHUHH KOHCTpYKTOP A. <l>a6p (npaKTH-
qeCKH OJJ;HOBpeMeHHO C aMepHKaHueM r. KepTHCOM) Y)f(e CO-
3,n;aJI fH,n;pOCaMOJIeT.
B 1911 r. PYCCKHM HHJKeHep 51. raKKeJIb npo,n;eMOHCTpHpO-
BalI CBOIO OpHrMHaJIhHYIO KOHCTPYKUHIO «raKKeJIb V . B 1912 r.
Ha BO,n;y 6hIJI cny eH nOnJIaBKOBbIM a3pOnJIaH 11. CHKopcKoro.
OJJ;HaKo,n;o 1913 r. PYCCKoe MopCKoe BC,n;OMCTBO npc,n;nOqHTa-
JIO HMIIOpTHpOBaTh ,n;JI HYJKJJ; <pJIOTa cppaHQY3CKI1e H aMepH-
KaHCKlie rH.lI.pOa3pOnJIaIIhI: Bya3elIhI , MopaHhI», cDapMa-
HbI Ii «KepTHchI».
B npeJ(BOCHHbIe rOJ(hI eCTeCTBeHHbIM 06pa30M 3apO)K.lI.aJIC5I
H BbICIIIMM fIHJIOTCUK - KaK HCKYCCTBO ynpaBJICHI1.S1 HOBblM B03-
J(YIIIHbIM cpeJ(CTBOM. Ha 3ana]{e IIl10nepOM BblCIllero nI1JIOTa)Ka
CTaJI cppaHI Y3cKHH aBHaTOp AaOJIbcp TIery. On e e B 1913 r.
JIeTaJI BBepx KOJleCaMH», YX0J(HJI B nHKHpOBaHHe, Kp)'TO Ha6H-
paJI BbICOT)' H J(eMOHCTpHpOBaJI HeMbICJIHMbIe» 3BOJIIOllHH CBO-
ero BJIepHO , J10Ka3aB, \lTO, HMeH J(OCTaTO\lHbIH 3anac BbICOTbI,
MalIIHHY MO)KHO BbIpOBHHTb B B03.l1.yxe H3 JII060ro rrOJIO)KeHIDI.
B POCCHH BnepBhle HaqaJI JIeTaTb «BHH3 rOJIOBoi1: TICTp
HeCTepOB; OH OCTaBHJI B naM.SITh 0 CBoeM HCKYCCTBe cpHryPY
BbIClliero nHJIOTa)Ka, Ha3BaHHYIO MepTBOM neTJIeH». TIery, npH-
6bIBlIIHH BCKope B TIeTep6ypr, JIHqIlO npH3HaJI ncpBeHCTBO
PYCCKoro JIeTqHKa B BblnOJIHeHHM TaKOH <pHrypbI BbIClIIero
nHJIOTIDKa, H C Tex nop OHa CTaJIa Ha3bIBaTbC.SI neT JIeM HecTe-
pOBa». ,lJ.pyroH PYCCKHH JIeT'!HK, KOHcTaHTHH ApueYJIOB, YJKe
BO BpeMH BOHHbI BnepBbIe npoJ(eMoHcTpHpOBaJI B03MOJKHOCTb
BbIBeJ(eHHH caMOJIeTa 113 lIITonopa, 6JIarOJ(apH qeMY lIITonop
TaIOKe 060raTHJI apCeHaJI B03MO)KHOCTeH nHJIOTl1pOBaHI1.S1. B
fepMaHHH, TaIOKe BO BpeMH BOMHhI, 060raTHJI apCeHaJI nHJIO-
THpOBaHHH MaKC MMMeJIbMaH.
HapHJty C OCBoeHHeM BoeHHbIMH JIeTqHKaMH CTpeJIb6hI,
60M60MeTaHHH H BbIClIlero HHJIOT(l)Ka copeBHOBaJIHCb Ii KOH-
22
A8uau,USl BeJlUKOU 80U1-lbl
CTPYKTOphI. BbICOTa nOJ11>eMali np0J10JDKHTeJIbHOCTb nOJIeTa
BCe B03paCTaJIH Ii HeYKJIOHHO B03paCTaJIa CKOpOCTb nOJIeTa.
Y)Ke B 1911 r. «CTapliKOB» DJIepliO, MopaHa Ii Bya3eHa o6cTa-
BliJIIi Ha rOH01lHbiX Tpaccax HblOnop, Be.lI.pliH Ii TIpeBo.
TIepBOHa1laJIbHO KOHCTPYKTOPbI nOJIaraJIli, 1ITO rJIaBHOe -
3TO OCHaCTliTb MalliliHY KaK MO)KHO 60JIee MOInHbIM MOTOpOM,
KOTOpbIM cnoco6eH nO.lI.H Th B B03J1YX npaKTli1leCKIi JII060M
annapaT. HblOnop, npeJ1cTaBliB Ha KOHKYpC o6TeKaeMbIH, 6YK-
BaJIbHO 3aJIli3aHHbIH cpI03eJl )K Ii rJIaJ1Klie nOBepxHocTIi Kpbl-
JIbeB C MliHliMYMOM paCT )KeK, nOKoJIe6aJI 3TY T01lKY 3peHliH.
EMY YJ1aJIOCb B 1911 r. pa3BliTb CKOpOCTb 80 KM/ ac Bcero C
20-CliJIbHbIM MOTOpOM. SJ1yapJ1 HblOnop norn6 B 1911 r. B aBlia-
UliOHHOH KaTacTpocpe, a B 1913 r. TaK)Ke norli6 Ii ero 6paT
lllapJIb, OCHOBaTeJIb cplipMbl; o6a TaK Ii He Y3HaJIli, KaKliX BbI-
COT J10CTlirHYT HX liJ1eli.
B 1913 r. CaMOJIeT KOHCTPYKUIiIi JIYH Belliepo .,l{enep-
.lI.IOCceH» nOJ1 ynpaBJIeHlieM Moplica TIpeBo pa3BHJI CKOpOCTb
200 KM/1Iac!
PocJIa CKOpOCTb, pocJIa H rpY30n0J11>eMHOCTb. 13 MaH 1913 r.
HeJ1aJIeKO OT TIeTep6ypra BnepBble B MHpe nOJ1H JIC B He60
a3pOnJIaH 11. CliKopcKoro «PYCCKliH BliT 3b», BecliBIIIliH 1Ie-
Tblpe TOHHbI. STOT rliraHT Y)Ke cnoco6eH 6blJI COCTaBliTb KOH-
KypeHUlilO J1lipli)Ka6JI M.
OJ1HaKO CKenTliKIi TOpM03liJlli 3TOT npouecc. AHrJIIi"CKliH
Y1IeIIhiH JIaH ecTep ony6JIliKOBaJI a3p0J1liHaMli1leCKOe liCCJIeJ10-
BaHlie, B KOTOpOM J10Ka3bIBaJI, 1ITO CaMOJIeTbI Y)Ke .lI.OCTlirJIIi npe-
,n;eJIbHbIX pa3MepOB, J1aJIbHeHIIIliM pOCT npliBeJ1eT K Hecnoco6-
HOCTIi MalliliH JIeTaTb. TIpeJ1eJIbHbIM BeCOM npli 3TOM npli3HaBa-
JIaCb OJ1Ha TOHHa. fOJIoca CKenTliKOB 6bIJIIi e e 01leHh CliJIbHbI.
B pe3YJIbTaTe, HecMoTp Ha Bce CTOJIb OQeBliJ1Hble, Ka3aJIOCb
6hI, .lI.OcTIi)KeHIi , eIl{e B neplio.lI. liTaJIO-TypeUKoM BOHHhI, a3po-
nJIaHbl np03BaJIH «annapaTaMIi J1JI UHpKoBoro liCKyccTBa».
OrpaHli1leHHa rpY30n0J1'beMHOCTh Ii B caMOM J1eJIe He n03BO-
JI JIa 6paTb C C060M J1eMCTBeHHhIX 60M6. K TOMY )Ke T01lHOCTb
nOnaJ1aHI1H B 60eBbIX YCJIOBliHX OKa3aJIaCb BeChMa He3Ha1lH-
TeJIbHo t DOJIee Toro, 3a 3TH HeCKOJIhKO HeJ1eJlb a3pOnJIaHbI
.lI.a)Ke He npO BliJIIi ce6 oco6o BhIJ1alO HMC5I CpeJ1CTBOM pa3-
[[OtteMY Jl100U He Jlemarom 'Ka'K nmUl-'tbl 23
"
BeJ1KH. 11 BMeCTO HHX CTaJIH HCnOJlb30BaTb npHBH3HbIe a3po-
CTaTbI. H TaJIO-TypeUKaH BOHHa, rrpe)KJ1e Bcero, rrot(TBepJ1HJIa
MHeHHe, oc06eHHo pacnpocTpaHeHHoe B fepMaHHH, qTO HMeH-
HO B03J1YlIIHbIe cYJ1a (oc06eHHo uerrrreJIHHbI) 6YJ1YT HaH60JIee
J1eHCTBeHHhIM BoeHHhIM CpeJ1CTBOM. TaKHM 06PaJOM, pa3BMTHe
arrrrapaToB JIerqe B03J1yxa TaK)Ke npoJ10JI)KaJlOCb C HeMeIlhllIHM
HanpH)KeHHeM. C C03J1aHHeM cooTBeTcTBYIOIl!HX MOIlIHhIX 6eH-
3HHOBbiX MOTOpOB CTpOHTeJIbCTBO B03J1YlIIHhIX CYJ10B HcrrbIThI-
BaeT HaCTOHI.IJ.I1H B3JleT C KOHua XIX CTOJIeTHH, rrpeIKJ1e Bcero
BO cDpaHUHH H B fepMaHHH.
IIpoTMBocToHHHe <DpaHUHH H fepMaHHH, HCTOtJHHK rrOCTO-
HHHOH TpeBorM eBporreHcKoro KOHTHHeHTa HeYKJIOHHO BeJIO K
nepllIHHe B03J1YllIHoro CYJ10cTpOeHHH, a 3aTeM H CaMOJIeTOCT-
poeHHH, K OCTpOI1 KOHKypeHUHH MeIKJ1Y 06eMMH J1ep)KaBaMH,
rrOJ1CTerI1BaBWHMH ce6H B3aHMHbIM HeJ10BepMeM KO Bce 60JIb-
lIIeMY YBeJIHqeHl110 c06cTBeHHbIx YCHJIHH.
2 HIOJI}! 1900 r. Ha,n: D0J1eH3ee rrOJJ;HHJICH B B03J1YX rrepBbIH
uel1rreJIHH. cDpaHUHH OTpearMpOBaJIa Ha 3TY B03J1YlIIHYIO yrpo-
3Y He3aMeJ1JIHTeJIhHO. 19 OKTH6pH 1902 r. 6hIJI YCTpoeH rrOJIeT
<ppaHUY3cKHX B03J1YlIIHbIX CYJJ;OB BOKpyr 3H<peJIeBOH 6alIIHH.
3TO 6bIJIO Ba)KHbIM J10CTH)KeHHeM - JJ;HpH)Ka6JIb OKa3aJIC5I
ynpaBJIHeMbIM. B 1903 r. B03JJ;YlIIHoe CY,llHO JIe60J1H: YJ1epiKI1Ba-
eTCH B B03J1yxe 1 qac 16 MHH. H pa3BHBaeT CKOpOCTb 44 KM/qac.
B 1905-1906 rr. rpa<t> Cl>epJ1HHaHJ1 <t>OH ll.errneJIMH CTpOHT BTO-
pOH 11 TpeTH:H JJ;11pM)Ka6JIH. IIocJIeJ1HHe rrpOXOJ1HT B 8 qaCOB 359
KM, tITO B03MOIKHO rrpH CKOpOCTH B 43 KM/qac. 113BecTHe 0 3a-
KyrrKe B03JJ;YlIIHbiX CYJJ;OB <ppaHUY3cKHM BoeHHbIM MHHI1.CTep-
CTBOM ,llaJIO repMancKoMY reHepaJIhHOMY wTa6y )KeJIaHHhIH
npe,n:JIor BbIJ1eJIHTb 3HatJHTeJIhHhIe CpeJ1CTBa Ha c06cTBeHHbIe
pa3pa60TKH. B 1907 r. rpa<t> [(errrreJIHH rrOJIYt{HJI 400 TbIC. 30110-
TbIX MapOK, a B 1908 - 2 MJIH. 150 TbIC.
ra3eTa COI.!HaJI-t{eMOKpaTOB «BrrepeJJ; C IIOJIHbIM npaBOM
KOHcTaTHpOBaJIa: «11 B caMOM J1eJIe, rrOXO)KC, B HallIeI1 rrpeKpac-
HofI BoeHHoH CTpane nOKa eI.IJ.e He Bce rrpeKpaCIlO, HaM npOCTO
He06xoJJ;HMO BOOpY)I(HTb B03J1YX . C 1913 r. BOCHHbIe H MOp-
CKHe CMJIbI fepMaHMI1 HMelOT Y)Ke 11 B03t(YllIHbIX cyt{oB.11 fep-
24
A8UalJ,USl BeJlUKOU 80Ullbl
MaHM.SI np0.l10JIJKaeT HapalI!MBaTb TeXHMlIeCKYIO MOrn:b. fepMaH-
CKI'1I1 reHepanbHbIl11IITa6 BM.l1MT B 3TOM 3HalIHTeJIbHbIH HHCT-
v v v v
PYMeHT BOI1HbI, KOTOpbIH, Hap.SI.l1Y C .l1aJIbHeH pa3Be.l1KOH, MO)K-
lIO 3<pcpeKTMBHO HCnOJIb30BaTb .l1JIH 60M6apt{HpOBaHM.SI KpenO-
CTeH M KpynHbIx rOpOt{OB. B 1912 r. rJIaBa reHepanbHoro lllTa6a
cpOH MOJIbTKe nO.SlCH.SIeT: MbI BM.l1HM B 3THX HOBbIX cY.l1ax I1.en-
nCJIMHa MHCTpYMeHT BOMHbI, B KOTOpOM MbI .l1aJIeKO npeB30m-
JIM Bcex npOTHBHMKOB, H B 0603pHMoe BpeM.SI OHH He CMOryr
.n.orHaTb Hac, nOCKOJIbKY MbI C 3HeprMeH pa60TaeM Ha.l1 YCOBep-
rnenCTBOBaHMeM CBoeM TeXHHKM. HaM Heo6xo.l1HMO YCKOPHTb
ero pa3BMTMe, lITo6bI C HalIaJIOM BOMHbI C.l1eJIaTb nepBbIH l1.l1eH-
cTBeHIIbIH Y.l1ap, KaKoBoM cpaKTHqeCKHM H MOpaJIbHbIM J{eM-
CTBHeM MOiKeT OKa3aTbC.SI cOBepllleHHo .l1e30praHH3YIOIItHM .
To, qTO repMaHCKI1H reHepaJIbHbIl1 IIITa6 BHJ{eJI B .l1MpH)lGl6-
v
IDlX BbI.l1aIorn:eeC.SI cpet{CTBO He TOJIbKO .l1JI.SI .l1aJIbHeM pa3Be.l1KH,
HO TaKiKe M M.SI 60M6ap.l1HpOBKM ueJIeH B rJIy6oKoM TbIJIY npo-
THBHMKa, BeCbMa OTpMuaTeJIbHO CKa3aJIOCb Ha pa3BMTMM aBHa-
UI1M B fepMaHMH. Bc.SI CTaBKa 6bIJIa C.l1eJIaHa Ha uenneJIHHbI, KO-
Topble MOrJIM He TOJIbKO H3BeInaTb 0 M06H.JIH3aI..{HH H BbIcryn-
JIeHMH BoeHHbIX CHJI npOTHBHHKa, HO H MeIIIaTb 3TOMY, a TalOKe
no,n;pbIBaTb BoeHHoe X03.S1MCTBO H .l1yx HaCeJIeHH.SI BPIDKJI;e6HbIX
rOCY.l1apCTB. fepMaHCKHe BoeHHbIe nOJIHTHKH co BceM Cepbe3HO-
CTbIO B Haqane BOHHbI B03JIaraJIH Ha.ne)K,lJ;bI Ha TO, lITO HX B03-
JJ.YlllHble CY.l1a CMOryr pacceHBaTb co6paHHH BOHCK H nOJIHOCTbIO
.l1e30praHH30BbIBaTb )J(H3Hb B KpynHbIx ropo.l1ax. B CB.H3H C 3THM
v v
npet{nOJIaraJIOCb B caMOM )Ke HaqaJIe BoeHHbIX .l1eHCTBHH Hanpa-
BHTb 20 uenne.nHHOB Ha JIOH.l10H HJIH llapH)K, H Bbl3BaTh TaM
nocpe.l1CTBOM c6poIIIeHHbix 6000 6oM6 TaK MHoro nO:>KapoB, qTO-
6bI 6bIJIO HeB03MO:>KHO not{aBHTb HX rHraHTCKHH orOHb.
B03MOiKHOCTb ynoTpe6JIeHHH B03.l1ymHbIx CY.l10B B KaqecrBe
6oM60HocoB, 0 KOTOpOM KaH3epoBcKHe reHepaJIbI B npet{BOeH-
HbIH rot{ rOBOpHJIH He CKpbIBaHCb, BOBJIeKJIO BCIO aana.l{HYIO EB-
pony B )KHBYIO .l1HCKYCCHIO 0 B03MO:>KHOCT.SIX npO.SlBJIeHH.SI B03-
.n.YIIIHOM BOMHbI npOTHB rpIDKJI;aHCKOro HaCeJIeHH.SI. TIpe)J(t{e Bce-
ro, 3TO KaCaJIOCb BeJIHK06pHTaHHH; OCTpOBHoe rOCY.l1 a pCTBO
Y BH .l1eJIO ce6H no.l1 yrp030H uenneJIHHOB, CBO.l1HInHX Ha HeT Bce
npeHMYll{eCTBa OCTpOBHoro nOJIOiKeHH.SI. TI03TOMY He CJIyqaMHo
II OtleMY Jl10aU He Jlema10m KaK nmU bl 25
"
nepBoe BH,lteHl1e y)Kaca B03,ltyrnHoM BOHHbI, B KOTOpOM B03,ltyrn-
HbIH Q>JIOT, nOCpe,ltCTBOM 6e3)KaJIOCTHOH 60M6ap,ltl1pOBKI1 rJIY-
60Koro TbIJIa, BbIHY)K,ltaJI npOTI1BHI1Ka K Kanl1T)'JISlQI1Ii,,ltaJI fep-
6epT ,l{)KOP,lt)K Y3JUIC B 1908 r. B CBoeM KHl1re BOHHa B B03,ltyxe .
B Q>eBpane 1912 r. Y3JIJIC, ApT)'p KOHaH ,l{OMJIb Ii 200 ,ltpy-
rHX 113BeCTHbIX JIIOJteH nO,ltnl1CaJll1 npOTeCT npOTI1B B03,ltyrn-
HOM BOMHbI, OT KOTOpOH npe,ltOCTeperaJII1 Bce HapO,ltbI, npl13bI-
BaH npaBMTeJIbCTBa Bcex CTpaH y,ltep)KaTbCSl OT TaKoro ynoT-
pe6JIeHHSI B03,ltYlliHoro <pJIOTa. lI.I1BI1JII130BaHHbIH MMp
BbIpIDKaeT CBoe )KeJIaUl1e Mupa 11 .n;06POH BOJIH 11 Tpe6yeT orpa-
HMqCHH5I Qpe3Mepnoro rpY3a BoopY)KeHI1S1». He CJIe,ltOBaJIO 6bI
I1CnOJIb30BaTb CJIaBHOe M306peTeHI1e 1.JeJIOBe1.JeCKOrO Jtyxa-
nOKopeHMe B03,ltyxa - ,llJISI QeJIeM YHHtJ:TO)KeHI1.H 1.JeJIOBeKa .
Y3JIJIC 11 ero JtPY3bH I1MeJII1 npl1 3TOM B BIi,lty, npeJKJte Bcero,
B03,ltYlIIHbIe cy,lta. O,ltHaKO I1HcTpYMeHT B03,ltYIliHOH BOHHbI, 3a
KOTOpbIM repMaHcKHH reHepaJIbHbIH lIITa6 pyqaJICSI, KaK 3a Hal1-
60JIee ,lteHCTBeHHbIH, y)Ke B 1912 r. HatJ:aJI TepSlTb CBoe 3HaQelII1e
nepe,lt JII1QOM 6bIcTporo nporpecca, KOTOpbIM ,lteJIaJI a3pOnJIaH.
B BoeHHbIX Kpyrax Q>paHQY3cKOH apMl111 cepbe3HO 3a,ltaBa-
JIHCb BonpOCOM 0 CTaBKe CaMOJIeTa npOTI1B QenneJIMHa. B
1912 r. BoeHHbIH MHHHCTp <1>paHQHIi MHJIbepaH rOBOpI1JI: MbI
,ltOJI:>KHbI 3aJJ;aTbCH QeJIblO ,ltaTb HarneMY OTeQeCTBY 6ectJ:ucJIen-
HbIe nOJIQHIUa a3pOnJIaHOB ,ltJI.H HenpepbIBHoH H HeYToMliMOM
oxpaHbI HaWHX rpaHHQ . B fepMaHliH TaK)Ke I1HTepeCOBaJIHCb
3THM BonpOCOM, H MHeHHe, rOCnO,ltCTBYIOlI.tee B BoeHHbIX KPY-
rax, OKOHtJaTeJIbHO BbIpa3liJI B KOHQe 1908 r. MaHop ABryCT <l>OH_
napcecpaJIb: AnnapaT PaMTa BCer,lta 6Y,lteT MeHee pa60Tocno-
C06HbIM, 1.JeM B03,ltYllIHbIM llIap .
Eme 60JIee cnoc06cTBoBano YCTaHOBJIeHHIO 3Toro npe,ltY-
6e:>K,lteHH}t TO, 'ITO K 1910 r. BO <I>paHQHH B 06JIaCTM OCBOeHI1.H
a3pOnJIaHOB HMeJIOCb a6COJIIOTHOe npeBOCXO,ltCTBO. CKa3aJIOCb
TaKiKe H CJIe,ltCTBHe CHJIbHOrO ,ltaBJIeHHSI, KOTopoe OKa3bIBaJIH
onpe,lteJIeHHbIe KpyrH KpynHoH repMaHcKoH 6YP)Kya31111 Ha
npaBHTeJIbCTBo. He CJIe,ltyeT 3a6bIBaTb H Toro, 1.JTO BO BpeM.H
CTOJIb ycep.lI.Horo OTCTaHBaHHH QenneJIHHOB, B03,ltyrnHoe cy,lt-
HO OTHOCMJIOCb K a3pOnJIaHY, npHMepHo KaK aBTOM06HJIb K Be-
JIocline,ltY. TeM He MeHee, B fepMaHHH 19 MaH 1909 r. 6bIJIa oc-
26
A6Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 60UHbl
HOBaHa nepBaJI 60JIblliaJI repMaHCKa$l cpa6pMKa CaMOJIeTOB -
TOO JIeTalOll.{Me MalliMHbI PaMTa , C YCTaBHbIM KarrMTaJIOM B
500 TbIC. repMaHCKMX MapOK. 3Ta CYMMa 6bIJIa BHeceHa AEG
(Bce06ll{MM 3JIeKTpMQeCKMM 06'beJ1MHeHMeM), KpyrrrroM, cpMp-
MOH «JIIOJ1BMr JIeBe M Ko , 3JIeKTpOMeXaHMQeCKMM 3aB0J10M
BHTTepcpeJIbll:a H HeKOTopbIMH ,aPyrI1MH KpyrrHbIMH rrpOMbIIlI-
JIeHHMKaMM. C06cTBeHHoe BoeHHoe rrpOM3B0J1CTBO CaMOJIeTOB
HaQaJIOCb B arrpeJIe 1909 r. co cTpOHTeJIbCTBa rrepBoro a3po-
rrJIaHa no rrpoeKTY llITYTrapTCKoro rrpaBMTeJIbCTBeHHoro KOH-
CTpYKTopa 3Hr<PPMlI:a XO<P<PMaHHa. A 15 MIOJI 1910 r. HatJa-
JIOCb 06YtJeHMe rrepBbIX tJeTbIpex o<pMuepOB-JIeTtJJ1KoB.
B KOHue 1910 r. anrJIMMCKHH MOpCKOH rrl1CaTeJIb <D. T. )J(aH
BnepBbIe ony6JIHKOBaJI 0603peHMe 0 B03J1YIlIHOM <pJIOTe Ml1pa.
COrJIaCHO ero I1CCJIeJ10BaHM M CHJIa B03J1YllIHoro <pJIOTa
MMpa B KOHue 1910 rOJ1a rrpeJ1CTaBJI JIa C060H CJIeJ1YIOll{YIO
KapTHHY:
CTpaHa BO] YWHLle CaMOJleTLI
cy a
fepMaHHjI 9 5
AHfJlHjI 2 4
<1>paHu,HjI 3 36
11 TaJI HjI 3 2
ABcTpHjI 3 / 2
RnoHHjI 1 2
POCCHjI 3 3
6eJ1bfHjI 2 2
CiliA 2 2
HToro 28 58
TaKMM 06pa30M, OCHOBHoe cTpOMTeJIbCTBO B03JJ.YIlIHbIX
MalliMH HatJa.nOCb JIHillb BO BTOpOM J1eC$lTHJIeTMM XX BeKa.
I-IecMoTp$l Ha 6bIcTpoe YJIYtJIlleHMe CaMOJIeTOCTpOeHI1 ,
npyccKo-repMancKHH reHepaJlbHbIH lliTa6 06cY)I(,aaJI B03MO)l(-
HOCTH CaMOJIeTa 60JIee tJeM CKenTHtJeCKI1. B 1912 r. reHepa.n-
JIeMTeHaHT MeTQJIep 3aJ1BI1JI: «I1epeHeceHHe rrJIaHOMepHbIX 60-
eBbIX J1eMCTBI1H B B03J1YX rrOKa tlTO OTHOCHTC5I K 06JIaCTH <paH-
TaCTHKI1 . A reHepaJI-MaHOp TeoJ1op <pOH ,l!HTCPYPT rOBOpHJI,
n OtleMY Jlroau He Jlemarom 'Ka'K nmul-'tbl 27
4-
qTO ijJpaHl!Y3bI, nbITaJlCb pa3BMTMeM JIeTHOrO ,n:eJIa OKa3aTb BJIM-
$lHMe Ha Be,n:eHMe BOHHbI MJIM XOT$I 6bI Ha MCXOJJ; OTJJ;eJIbHbIX
6MTB, CTpeJI$lIOT ,n:aJIeKO MMMO ueJIlf.
BCJIe,n:cTBMe 3Toro K 1912 r. npeMMy ecTBo <ppaHUY3cKMX
B03JJ;YIIlHbIX CMJI 6bIJIO 6eccnopHbIM. TaKjKe M BeJII1K06pMTaHI1$1,
KOTOpaJI B Mae 1912 r. C03JJ;a.na KOpOJIeBCKI1H B03JJ;YIIlHbIH Kop-
nyc, npeB30IIlJIa fepMaHMIO no ql1CJIY CBOHX CaMOJIeTOB. ,l1a)Ke
uapCKaJI POCCI1$1 no B03JJ;YllIHOH MOlUM B 1912 r. BbI,l{BMHY JIaCb
Ha BTopoe MeCTO. TaKoH B3JIeT aBMaUl1lf B POCCMM 6bIJI oco6eH-
HO 3aMeqaTeJIbHbIM eCJIlf yqecTb, qTO nepBbIH CaMOJIeT 6bIJI nOJJ;-
H$lT B B03JJ;YX JII111Ib B lfIOJIe 1909 rOJJ;a. nOCJIe 'Iero uapCKoe npa-
BMTeJIbCTBO npeJJ;npMHMMaeT 3HaQMTeJIbHOe Hanp$l)KeHMe, n03BO-
JIMBIIlee cTpaHe C03JJ;aTb BnOJIHe JJ;OCTOMHbIe no TeM BpeMeHaM
B03JJ;YllIHbIe CMJIbI. B pe3Y JIbTaTe nOJJ;06HbIX YCMJIMH, COrJIaCHO
y)J(e ynoM$lHyTbIM MCCJIe,ltOBaHM$lM )KaHa, COCTO$lHMe B03JJ;YllI-
Horo <pJIOTa B MHpe K 1912 r. 3Ha'IMTeJIbHO M3MeHHJIOCb.
COcToBHHeaBHanHoHHoronapKa
B HaHOOJlee pa3BHThIX cTpaHax B 1911-1912 IT.
1911 1912
crpaHa apMHR ellJI OT qaCTH. apMHR ellJI OT qaCTH.
AHfJlHJI 57 31 167 23 6 130
KHTaH 1 - I 1 - 2
<l>paH LtHJI 161 10 400 259 1 422
rCpMaHHJI 50 2 101 46 2 100
11 Tan HJI 31 4 36 22 4 50
RnoHH" 4 4 3 10 4 2
POCCHJI 23 5 41 99 1 50 -
CiliA 11 3 301 3 2 750 (?)
TaKlfM 06pa30M, no oueHKe )KaHa, K MaIO 1912 r. B MMpe
MMeJIOCb y)Ke OKOJIO 2000 CaMOJIeTOB npOTlfB 58 B 1910 rOJJ;Y!
TIepe,n: JIMUOM 060CTpHBIIlHXC.SI npoTMBOpe'IMH Me)KJJ;y lI.eHT-
pa.TlbHbIMM ,n:epiKaBaMH - fepMaHI1.S1, ABCTPO- BeHrpl1$1, I1Ta-
JIM$I - M AHTaHToH - <DpaHUM.SI, POCCM.SI M BeJIMK06pMTaHM$I -
11 nepeJJ; JIMUOM npeBeHTMBHbIX BoeHHbIX nJIaHOB repMaHCKoro
reHepaJIbHOrO llITa6a B 1912 r. 6bIJIa OTKpbITa (6JIH3KaH K KOH-
UepTIIOH) COBMeCTHaJI aKUH.SI npOMbIlllJIeHHOCTH M renepa.nb-
Horo lllTa6a, HanpaBJIeHH£UI na TO, QTo6bI B Te'IeHMe KopOTKoro
28
A8ual{UJl BeJlUKOU 80UHbl
cpOKa 3HatIl1TeJIbHO YBeJIl1tIl1Tb tIl1CJIeHHOCTb repMaHCKMX B03-
.l1YIIJHbIX Cl1JI. B anpeJIe 1912 r. KOMMTeT no.l1 PYKOBO.l1CTBOM
rpacpa Aprypa <t>OH IIoca,noBcKoro- BeHepa 06paTMJIC K He-
MeU:KoH 06IUecTBeHHOCTl1l1 norrpOCl1JI 110iKepTBoBaTb cpe)J.CTBa
Ha CTpOl1TeJIbCTBO aapOnJIaHOB. Hap .l1Y C PaTeHay, repMaHc-
Kl1M 6aHKoM 11 XeHlIJeJleM B 3TOT KOMl1TeT BOIIJJIl1 TalOKe npe.l1-
CTaBl1TeJIb ,l{l1cKoHTHoro 06mecTBa, CeBepo-repMaHCKl1H
JIJIOH)J., Xanar M Cl1MeHc-IIIYKepT- KOHu:epH. CBbIlIJe 7 MJIH.
110JIHOBeCHbIX 30JIOTbIX MapOK 110JIOJKl1Jll1 OHl1 B OCHOBaHl1e
CTpOl1TeJIbCTBa repMaHcKoH aBl1arrpOMbIIIJJIeHHOCTl1, KOTOpaH
TaKI1M 06pa30M B 1912 r. l1epeiKl1JIa CBOH rO.l1 OCHOBaHI1 .
repMaHcKMH reHepaJIbHbH1: lIITa6, KOTOpbIH Tpe60BaJI B neCKOJIb-
Kl1X MeMOpaH.l1YMax 3HaQl1TeJlbHOro pa3BMTI1 B03.l1YIIIHbIX
BOHCK, 3a60TMJIC M 0 6Y.l1YIUeM c6bITe. C 1912 r. repMaHCKaH
CaMOJIeTHa.5l npOMbllIJJIeUHOCTb BbIrrOJIHl1JIa 3aKa3 apMMl1 Ha
90%. B pe3YJIbTaTe .l1l1peKTOp 3aB0.l1a AJIb6aTpOCOB OTTO
BI1Hep KOHCTaTMpOBaJI, tITO BOeHHOe yrrpaBJIeHMe 113 Teprre-
JIl1BOrO rroKyrraTeJI rrpeBpaTMJIOCb BO BJIaCTHOrO 3aKa3Ql1Ka».
3Haql1TeJIbHbIe CYMMbI, KOTOpbIe Terrepb B EBpOrre oTrryc-
KaJIl1Cb Ha B03.l1YIIIHOe BOOpY)l(eHl1e, MO)l(HO rrpe.n;CTaBl1Tb 110
CJI e,n;yIO IU e H Ta6JI M u: e:
3aTpaTbi Ha B03)];ymHoe Boopy eHHe*
rePMaHHR cDpallQHR BeJlHKOfipHT8HHR
1910 061l1HC paCXO.lJ,bI: 3 918 400 M 5212350 fr
Ha caMonCTOCTpOCHHC: 307 500 M 2 600 000 fr 160000 f 5t
(4,1 Mln.M) (3,2 Mln.M)
1911 0611lHC paCXO.lJ,bl: 4 653 500 M 15279800 fr
Ha caMonCTOCTpOCHHC: 2 359 100M 9 770 000 fr 13 I 000 f 5t
(12,2 Mln.M) (2,6 Mln.M)
1 91 2 06w.Hc pacxo.lJ,bI: 10098550 M 32528000 fr
ua caMoncTocTpOcHHC: 3 959 150 M 23 464 230 fr 232000 f 5t
(26 Mln.M) (4,6 Mln.M)
1913 06w.Hc paCXO.lJ,w: 39 985 650 M 41211000fr
ua caMoncTocTpocuHC: 17475 100 M 29767 800 fr 526 000 f st
(32,9 Mln.M) (10,5 Mln.M)
1914 0611lHC paCXO.lJ,bI: 62 759 350 M 46 733 900 fr
ua caMonCTOCTpOCUHC: 27 029 600 M 29 256 900 fr 1 000 000 f st
(37,3 Mln.M) (20 Mln.M)
· <I>YIIT CTCpJnlflrOB CTOHJI 21 py6Jlb, cl>pa1l1tY3cKI1H <ppaliK - 77 KOIICCK,
1lfCMCIIKCUI MapKa - 1 py6J1b 5 KOIICCK.
II 01leMY ll10aU He llema10m Ka'K nmul-'tbl 29
B pe3YJIbTaTe CTOJIb MOIUHOM KaMnaH1111 KaM3epoBcKoM
fepMaHHH K HaqaJIY BOHHbI npaKTl1qeCKH y.naJIOCb .norHaTb
cI>paHQHIO no KOJIHqeCTBY BoeHHbIX a3pOnJIaHOB. A I1CXO.ll$l
H3 Toro, qTO HaH60JIee BeJIHKOe 3HaqeHHe B BOMHe rocno,a-
CTBYIOIl{He BoeHHble KpyrH Bce-TaKH npHnHCbIBaJIH B03,aYllI-
HbIM cy.naM, npeBocxo,aCTBO fepMaHHH Tenepb Ka3aJIOCb BfIOJI-
He 06eCneqeHHbIM H B B03.nYIIIHbIX CI1JIax. 11 Bce )Ke reHepan
XaHC XapTBHr <pOH be3eJIep 061>$ICH$lJI B 1913 r., tJ:TO aapo-
nJIaH He MOJKeT CqHTaTbC$I BnOJIHe Ha.nCJKHbIM Cpe.llCTBOM Be-
,neHH$I BOMHbl. «l1x nOMOll1b ,nJI$I pa3Be,aKH H CB$l3HOrO .neJIa,
a npH cJIyqae TaK)Ke H KaK TpaHcnopTHoro Cpe.nCTBa, MO)f(eT
HMeTb 60JIbIIIOe 3HaqeHHe, o,aHaKO B 60Pb6e OHI1 HHKor,n:a He
6y,nYT npHHHMaTb peIIIHTeJIbHOrO yqaCTH$I . CXO.l1HbIe MHe-
HH$I Tor.na )Ke BbIcKa3bIBaJIa H <ppaHQY3CKa$l ra3eTa «BoeHHaH
cI>paHQH$I , B KOTOpOH MOJKHO 6bIJIO npOqeCTb: «HbIHe qac-
TeHbKO rOBOp$lT H nHllIYT, qTO CaMOJIeT CTaHeT Bnpe.nb BbIHr-
pbIBaTb 6MTBbII CJIe,aOBaJIO 6bI BMeCTO aToro CnpOCI1Tb, KaK
Bce aTO MO)KeT CTaTbC5I... 06 I1CnOJIb30BaHHH aapOnJIaHa KaK
Cpe.nCTBa 60pb6bI, no KpaHHeH Mepe, Tenepb H B 0603pHMOM
BpeMCHH, .na)Ke He MO;KeT 6bITb H peqH. AapOnJIaH He $IBJI$leT-
CH MallIl1HOH pa3pYllIeHH5I. XOpOlliO XOT$I 6bI TO, qTO OH Y)Ke
Tenepb npHro,neH ,aJI5I pa3Be,nKH .
11 TaK, K HaqaJIY IIepBoH MHpOBOM BOMHbI aBHa[{H$I 6bIJIa
YJKe He B MJIa,neHqeCTBe, a CKopee «3,nOpOBbIM H XOpOlliO pac-
TYlI(HM pe6eHKOM . B 1913 r. aapOnJIaH npeo,aOJIeJI Py6e)K CKO- _
pOCTH 200 KM/qaC, a aBHaTopbI K TOMY BpeMeHH OCBOMJIH MHO-
rue <pHrypbI BbICllIero nHJIOTa)Ka. Ho reHepaJIbI, HaqHHaBllIHe
u v v v
BOHHY, He BH,neJIH Ha TeaTpe BoeHHbIX ,aeI1CTBHH MeCTa aTOH
KpbIJIaTOH HrpYlliKe 60raTbIX qy,aaKOB-aBaHTlOpHCTOB. «boeBoe
npHMeHeHHe aapOI1JIaHa He npe.nCTaBJI$leTC$I B03MOJKHbIM , -
YTBep)K,naJII1 BoeHHbIe qHHbI. 11 HX MO)KHO nOH5ITb: aBHa[{l1$1
MHorHM Ka3aJIaCb Bcero JIHllIb ell1e O.nHHM TeXHHqeCKHM BH-
OM cnopTa. TaK tJ:TO Ha HaqanbHbIX 3Tanax BOHHbI ,norrYCTHMbI
6bIJIH TOJIbKO CaMOJIeTbI -pa3Be.nqHKH. Ho ,na)Ke B03,aYllIHa51
pa3Be,nKa OKa3aJIaCb HaMHoro 3<p<peKTHBHee, qeM npe,anOJIara-
JIH reHepaJIbI. OHa OKa3aJIaCb Ha,n;e)KHee KOHHOH - nOKa 1IH-
30
A8Ual{UJl BeJlu'Kou 80U1lbl
xlie KaBaJIepliCTbI rrpopy6aJIliCh K CBOliM, JIeTqHKH Y)Ke ycrre-
BaJIli .l{OJIO)KliTh 06CTaHOBKY.
IlpHcYTcTBHe CaMOJIeTa B He6e CTaJIO ,ZI:JUI apMHH ,l{aJIeKO
He 6e306H,l{HhIM. PY)I(eMHhIM orOHh C 3eMJIH He CHJIhHO rrOMO-
raJI, XOT caMhIH nepBhIH aBliaTOp, CTaBIlIHH )KepTBOH IlepBoH
MHpOBOH, rrorH6 liMeHHO OT Hero. CTaHOBHJIOCh OqeBH,l{HhIM,
IITO opy .l{l1eM ltJI 60ph6hI C CaMOJIeTOM MO)l(eT CTaTh TOJIbKO
,l{pyroH CaMOJIeT. Ho KaKHM OH ,l{OJI)I(eH 6bITh H tIeM Mor YHHq-
TO)l(aTh HerrpH TeJI ?
HaIIl1HaJI BOHHY CaMOJIeT 6e30PY)I(HhIM, eCJIH, KOHeqHO, He
CqHTaTh JIHqHOrO 0PY)KH rrHJIOTa.l!JUI 60ph6hI C B03,l{YIIIHhIM
rrpOTHBHliKOM HY)KHO 6hIJIO HaHTH HeIITO rOpa3,l{0 60JIee ceph-
C3Hoe. VI BeJIHKaH BOMHa rrpe,l{JIO)l(liJIa ,lI,JI 3THX rrOHCKOB ca-
Moe HeorpaHHqeHHOe nOJIe ,l{eHCTBl1H.
IlepBaH MHpOBaH BOHHa OXBaTHJIa CBOHM rrO)l(apOM rrpaKTH-
IIeCKH Bce CTpaHhI EBpOrrhI. IloMHMO OrpOMHhIX Macc MY)I(CKOrO
HaCeJIeHH , K YIIaCTHIO B 60 x 6hIJIa npHBJIeqeHa H caMasI rrepe-
,l{OBasI TeXHHKa. BrrepBhIe B HCTOpHl1 BOHH HCl,l{ rrOJI Ml1 cpa)l(e-
HHH rrO BHJICH caMOJIeT. MOIUh B03,l{YlliHoro OpY)I(I1 OqeHh CKO-
po OIIJ;)'THJI Ha ce6e He TOJIhKO <pPOHT, HO 11 ThIJI. HOBOpOJK.AeH-
u
Ha$l aBHaQH BHeCJIa HeMaJIhIl1 BKJICl,l{ B MaCCOBoe YHHIITO)l(eHl1e
JIlOlteH, ropO,l{OB, BoeHHhIX H npOMhIIlIJIeHHhIX 06'beKTOB, TpaHC-
rropTa. Ha rrpOTH)I(eHHH BOHHbI B03,l{YliHhIH <pJIOT 3HaIIHTeJIhHO
YCOBepllIeHCTBOBaJIC . Pe3KO B03pOC rrapK CaMOJIeTOB.
OKOHIIaHHe BOHHhI OCTaBHJIO 6e3 pa60ThI ThIC»IIH H ThICH-
IIH JIeT"IHKOB. Bo BpeM» BOHHbI HX cpaBHHBaJIH C nTHuaMl1: co-
KOJIaMH, OpJIaMH, cTpe6aMH. A rrOCJIe - OHH C TPY,l{OM Haxo-
,l{HJIH ce6e pa60TY...
Kor,l{a YHJIb Ma <DOJIKHepa CrrpOCliJIH: B BaweM paCCKaJe
"Bce OHH MepTBbI, 3TIi CTapbIe rrHJIOThI"... C03,l{aeTC» BrreIIaTJIe-
IIl1e, qTO JIIO,l{H, rrpOllie,l{IIIHe BOHHY, TaK HJIH HHaqe, YMepJIH ,l{JI
HOBOH )I(H3HH. 3TO TaK?»- OH OTBeTHJI: l!a, B KaKOM-TO CMbIC-
JIe, OHH ,l{eHCTBHTeJIhHO MepTBhI . VI BbI Cql1TaeTe, "ITO B 3TOM
nOJIO)l(eHl1l1 OKaJaJlHCb npe)l(,l{e Bcero MOJIO,l{hIe JIIO,l{H, CJIY)I(HB-
lilie B aBHaUHIi?»- - B TO BpeMH - Jta .
B. POXMUcmP08
IIpOllOl
31
llpoJIor
EBpona ue3apeHI C TeX nop, KaK B EOHanapTa
fYCHHoe nepo HanpaBI1JI MeTTepH.I1X, -
BnepBbIe 3a CTO JIeT 11 Ha fJIa3aX Moax
MenneTCH TBOH TalUICTBelluaH KapTal
O. MaudeJlbWmalt1 (Eapona, 1914 z.)
Hx 6bIJIO 1.JeTBepO, TCX, KTO BHOBh n peTeH,n;oBaJI Ha ncpc-
,n;eJI MHpa. B HX pacnopsDKeHHMI1MeJIMCb rl1raHTCKl1e PCCypCbI,
n03BOJI BIlII1C nOKphlBaTh HeYMcpeHuYlo paCT01.JMTeJIbIIOCTb, II
v v
HeBepo TlIo B03pOCIIll1H YPOBCHb TeXIIH1.JeCKHX B03MO)KHOCTeH.
I1MeHa 3THX 1.JeThIpex rl1raHTOB - fepMalIH , <DpaHu.H , AHr-
JII1}I H POCCH .
Bcero JIHllIb CTO JIeT MHHYJIO C TOM nopbI, Korna fepMaHMSI,
MO)KeT 6bITb, BnepBhle nO-lIaCTO lUeMY OlUYTI1JIa CBOH CI1JIbI,
T ra Cb Ha nOJI X 6paHM C BeJIMKI1M HanOJIeOHOM. Tor.n;a OliB
6bIJIH BM.eCTe npOTHB <DpaHUMH. 11 Tor,n;a fcpMaHH eme He
Ha3bIBaJIaCb fepMaHl1ei1:. Ho BCKope nocJI"c pa3rpOMa <ppaHI{Y3-
CKOH pecny6JII1Kl1 n PYCCI1SI 11 ABCTpM CTaJIU Me1.JTaTb 06 o6'bc-
,n;I1HCHHH Bcex rcpMaHCKHX nJIeMeH. B 1864 r. OHM BMeCTC Ha-
naJIl1 Ha ,lJ.aHHIO H OITOprJIH Y lIee lllJIc3BMr 11 fOJIbIIlTeHH. A B
1866 r. rrpYCCH , 06'be,n;I1HHBIIlHCb C HTaJIHeH, BblcTynl1JIa YJKe
. npOTHB CBoero He,n;aBHero COI03Hl1Ka ABCTpHI1, KOTOPYIO nOlI;-
,n;CP)KaJIM 1.JeTbIpe ,n;pyrHx repMaHCKI1X 4rOCY,lI.apCTBa - fan-
HOBep, fecceH- KacCeJIb, Haccay 11 ropo,n; <DpaHK<PYPT-Ha- Mati-.
He. npYCCHR HaHeCJIa COKpYIIlI1TeJIhHOe nOpa)KeHHe ABCTpHB
H CTaJIa BO rJIaBe ,n;BHJKeHI1SI 3a 06'be,n;I1HeHMe repMaHCKHX nJIe-
MeH.
TorJ,la Ha cueHe BHOBb nO BI1JIaCb <I>paHl{H , He 3al1HTepe-
COBaUHaSl B B03HHKHOBeHHI1 no COCe,l(CTBY KpynHoro H CMJIb-
Horo rocy,n;apCTBa. B xo,n;e <ppaHKo-nPYCCKot'1 BOHHbI 1870-
1871 rr. MOlUb fepMaHHH B03pOCJIa elUe 60JIbllle. <DpaHUHR Ka-
IIHTYJIMpOBaJIa, oTlI;aB nBe CBOMX npOBHHUHH B 6acceHHe PeHHa
H M03eJISI - 3JIb3aC 11 JIoTapHHrHIO.
K HaqaJIY HOBoro BeKa B03pOCllIa.sI, HaCKB03h npOHHKHY-
TaR npYCCKI1M Ka3apMeIIHbIM ,l(YXOM repMaHHR, naJIHJlaCb CM-
32
A8ual4UR BellUKOU 80UHbI.
JIOM: H pellIHJIa HaHeCTH HOBbIH y.a;ap no CBORM coce.a; M. ll06e-
.a;OHOCHbIH MOJIbTKe-CTapllIMH. npHcTynHJI K COCTaBJIeHMIO
nJIaHa BOHHbl npOTMB Cl>paHl.(MM H POCCMM cpa3Y JKe nOCJIe
OKOH1.JaHHH <ppaHKo-npYCCKOH BOHHbl. BHa1.JaJle OH npM,ltepJKM-
u v
BaJlCH Be.a;eHHH o.a;HOBpeMeHHbIX BoeHHbIX .a;eMCTBHM npOTMB
POCCMM M <I>paHI.1HM. 3aTeM, BCJIenCTBHe 6bICTpO B03paCTaBIlleH
MOIl1M <I>paHl.(HM, npe.a;n01.JeJI HanpaBJIHTb rJIaBHbIH YJI.ap npo-
THB 3Toro HaM60JIee onaCHoro npOTMBHMKa. 3TO 6bIJI nepBbIH
nepMO.a; paapa60TKM repMaHCKMX BoeHHbIX nJIaHOB, J(aTMpYIO-
ll!MHCH 1871-1879 rr.
Bo BTOpOH nepMon (1879-1892) HaMe1.JaJIOCb 6pOCI1Tb npo-
THB Cl>paHIIMI1 nOJIOBHHY repMaHCKHX CHJI. OHM nOJDKHbI 6bIJIH,
Onl1pa51Cb Ha YKpenJIeHM 3JIb3aCa M JIoTapMHrI1M, CJI.epJKMBaTb
HaTHCK <ppaHIIY30B. fJIaBHbIH ynap Tenepb npennOJIaraJIOCb
naHeCTH no POCCHM. MOJIbTKe-CTapllIMH nJIaHHpoBaJI O,ltHOBpe-
MeHHO C BOCT01.JHOH IIpyccHeH M ABCTpO- BeHrpMew OTpe3aTb
OT POCCMH l..{apcTBo llOJIbCKoe. BCH KaMnaHHH paCC1.JMTbIBaJlaCb
Ha ceMb- JIeT.
TpeTMH nepHO.a; paapa60TKM BoeHHbIX IUIaHOB (1892-1906)
CBR3aH YJKe C MOJIbTKe-MJIMllIMM** M llIJIM<PeHoM.** - npH-
3bIBaBUlHMH K 6bICTpOH BOHHe. fJIaBHble YCMJIHH repMaHcKMx
BOHCK OHM BHOBb HanpaBJIHJIM npeJKne Bcero Ha paarpOM <I>paH-
l!l1M, a npOTMB POCCMH HaMepeBaJIHCb BbICTaBHTb JIHllIb 3arpa-
JU1TeJIbHbIe CMJIbI, JI.eHCTBYIOll!Me COBMecTHO C ABCTPO- BeHrpl1-
ew. TOJIbKO nOCJIe paarpoMa cI>paHUMH npe.a;nOJIaraJIocb nepe-
6pOCI1Tb Ha BOCTOtJHbIH <ppOHT OCHOBHble CMJlbI. llIJIHcpeH
npeMaran MOJIHHeHOCHbIMH y.a;apaMH CHa1.JaJIa no <l>paHUHH, a
3aTeM no POCCMH, pa3rpoMHTb npOTHBHHKOB, He .a;aB HM B03MOJK-
HOCTI1 BOCn OJIb30BaTbCH MMelOll{HMHCH Y HMX n03HUHOHHbIMH
· MOJlbTKC XCJlbM)'T KapJI (1800-1891) - rJ>CUt>, rcpMaJlcKMH (l)CJIbJLMaplllaJl.
B 1858-1888 rr. lIaLfaJIbllMK l"CIlIllTa6a, Q)aKTH1fCCKM KOMallJtYlOlIUdi D80H-
tlax C l1allMcH, AOCTpHCH M <I>paIlIlHcH. flpollaicUIJlHJX>ltaJl "JtCM IICH36cJKIIO-
CTH IJOHllbl, utlcaalluoro lIalla.llCIUUI M MOJlIIMCIIOCIiOro paarpoMa.
.. MOJlbTKC XCJlbMYT Moralill (1848-1916) - rpa$, l"CpMallcKHH l"CflcpaJI-
I10J1K08I1MK. B 1906-1914 rr. lIa1faJlbllHK rClllllTa6a H fUTa6a BcpxooHoro rJlaB-
1I0KOMatlJtYIOlflCI'O. YIJOJICII 3a JlOpIDKCIIHC 0 MaplicKoM cpaiKclufl1.
... UlJIH<I)c1I AJIla<f>PCJt ctx>1I (1839-1913) - rpacp, rcpMaflcKHti rCIICpaJI-
<!>CJlhJlMapm3JI, CTOpollllUK MOJ1I1HCIIOCflOH nOHflM, C03JtaTCJlb 1'COpHIi CTpa-
TCrHLfl.'CKoro OKPYiKCIUUI.
II pOJlOl
33
rrpel1MYmeCTBaMI1. IIp113TOM ll1JIl1cpen paCClIHTbIBaJI Ha :H3BCt.I-
HYIO Mel(JII1TeJIbHOCTb POCCI1I1 B Mo611JI113al{1111 CBOHX nOTeHUI1H.
'lJeTBepTbIH H rrOCJIeJJ:HHW nepI1oJJ: nOJJ:rOTOBKI1 K BOHHe
(1906-1914) HallaJIC51 cpa3Y)Ke nOCJIe OTCTaBKI1 IlIJIl/J(pcna; ero
npeeMHHKoM CTaJI MOJIbTKC-MJIa).(IllI1H. floCJlc,lJ,I1Hi-i IHICC CY-
mCCTBeHHhIe I13MCHeHI15l B pacnpeJJ:eJ1CHHC CHJI. OnaCa>lCb BTOp-
)f(eHI1H cppaHUY30B B 3JIb3aC 11 JIoTapHHrHlo, KOTopbIe cDpaH-
UI15l Hal-{e5lJIaCb BepHYTb B CBOH BJIaJJ:eHH5I, OIl YCI1JIHJI JleBOe
u
KpbIJIO BOI1CK 3a C4eT npaBoro YlJ:apHOrO, H3MeHlfB TeM CaMbII\f
COOTHOllleHHe CHJI 01' 7:1 (no IllJII1CpeIIY) na 3:1. 11JlaII lLIJIH-
cpena, rrpeJJ:nOJlaraBlllI1M B03MOlKHOCTb OCTaBJIeUH5l BOCT01.J.lIOH
IlPYCClll1 11, BTOp)KeHI15l <ppanUY30B B 3JIb3aC 11 JIoTapHHrHIo,
BbI3bIBaJI 60JIbIIIOe HeJJ:OBOJIbCTBO npyccKlfX 3eMJleBJIa,n:eJIbueI3
11 npOMbIIllJIeHH11KoB.
repMaHI15l OTKpbITO CTpeMI1J1aCb ynp0411Tb 3a C060H roc-
rrOLlCTBO B EBporre, OTlUIB Y <DpaHUI1I1 J1 AHrJIHI1 I1X KOJIOHI1M,
Y POCCllH - IloJIbIllY, YKpal1HY 11 fI pI16aJITHKY H np04HO 3aI<-
penl1TbC51 na Da.TIKaHax. repMaHI1H yrpo)KaJIa rOCnOl(CTBY AHr-
JII1M na DJIll)KHeM BOCTOKC, nOCTpOHB EarttalJ:CKYIO )KCJIe3HYlo
,n;Op 0 ry, 06JICrllaBwYIo ell npOIII1I<IIOBeIIHC B TYPlJ.H10. locnoJJ:-
CTBO repMaUI1H HaJJ: QepHoMopCKI1MI1 npOJII1BaMI1 6bIJIO HCBbI-
rOJJ:HO POCCI1I1.
JIIOJJ:eHJJ:Opcp*: «POCCH5l XOTeJIa OKOHlIaTeJIbHO OCJIa611Tb
AnCTpo- BeHrpI1IO 11 npH06peCTI1 nOJlHOe rocnOJJ:CTBO na DaJIKa-
Hax. Bo cI>paHUI1I1 C HOBOH ClIJlOH O)KI1JIa MbICJlb 0 peBaHIlle, CTa-
pble repMaHCKHe I1MnepCKHe npOBl1HIU1H .l{OJI)KHbI 6bIJII1 BHOllb
CTaTb <ppaHltY3CKHMI1... AHrJII15l C 3aBI1CTbIO CMOTpeJIa Ha pac--
I..1BeT HallieH IIpOMbIIllJIeUHOCTH, Ha ,n;eIlleBH3HY Hallleii pa60TbI
11 Ha Harne, JKeJIe3HOe npHJIeiKaHHe. IT pH 3TOM repMaHI1SI 6bIJla
..
CaMO I CMJIbHOH KOHTI1HeHTaJIbHot'I JJ:epJKaBOH B EBpone. 1< TOMY
jf(e OHa HMeJIa XOpOIllI1H 11 6bICTpO pa3B11BaIOmI1HCH cpJIOT. 3TO
3aCTaB11JIO AHrJII1IO 60SITbCSI 3a CBoe MI1pOBOe rocnOJJ:CTBO. AHr-
JIO-CaKC rrollYBcTBOBaJI yrp03Y cBoeH 6apCKOH )l(113III1...>.>
* JIIO/lcli/lopel> 3p lx (1865-1937) - rcpMClllcKUH rCllcpaJI. B 191t1-1916 IT.
(l>aKTHLfCcKHti KOMallJlYIOlll11H rcpMaIiCKHMI-I BoiicKaMH lIa BOCTOlIIIO 1 <I>poll-
TC. B 1916-1918 IT. - rJIaBlioKoMali/lYlolIll,lii rCpMallCl\lIMH BOOpYIKCli IIhlM I
CIIJlaMH.
2 ABHaUHR aenHKOIf BOitHLI
(;
34
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80U1lbl
,lJ.JI ocyrn:eCTBJIeHM CBOMX HaMepeHMM repMaHM ern:e B
1879 r. 3aKJIIO"IMJIa HanpaBJIeHHbIM npoTMB POCCI1H M <I>paH-
QI1M BOeHHbI:H COI03 C ABcTpo-BeHrpMeH. K HMM B 1882 r. npM-
coe,n;I1HMJIaCb HTaJIM , 3aBepIIIMB 06pa30BaHI1e TpoHcTBeHlIo-
ro COI03a. B OTBeT POCCM M <I>paHQM B 1891-1893 rr. C03.n;a-
JIM CBOH COI03. B 1904 r. C <I>paHQMeti 3aKJIIO"IMJIa corJIarneUI1e
AHrJIM , nOJIO)Kl1B Ha"IanO AHTaHTe (OT cppaHUY3cKoro Entente
cordiale - Cep,lle"IHOe COrJIaCHe), K KOTOPOMY B 1907 r. npl1co-
e.n;HHHJIaCb M POCCI1 .
Pa3pa60TKa nJIaHa BOHHbI BO <DpaHQI1M TaK/Ke Ha"IaJIaCb
cpa3Y nOCJIe cppaHKo-nPYCCKOH BOHlIbI. 3a STOT nepl1o.n; 6bIJIO
npe.n;JIo)Keno 16 pa3JII1lJHbIX Bapl1aHTOB. B pe3YJIbTaTe CTOJIb
.n;JII1TeJIbHOH nOJ{rOTOBKI1 <ppaHUY3bI C03.n;aJIM Ha rpaHHue C rep-
MaHl1eH: CliJIbHYIO CHCTCMY KpenocTeH. TIoCJle.n;HHH nJIaH
(N2 17), no KOTOPOMY np0I13BOJJ:MJIOCb pa3BepTbIBalII1e BOHCK,
6bIJI pa3pa60TaH B 1911-1914 rr. CPpaHllY3CKI1M reHepanbHbIM
uITa60M, B03rJIaBJI BIlII1MCH reHepaJIOM )l(OCPCPPOM*. YJI.OBJICT-
BOp Tpe60BaHI1 M cppaHQY3CKI1X npOMbIIlIJIeHIII1KOn, rCHC-
paJIbHbIH lIlTa6, KOHe"IHO /Ke, nJIaHl1pOBaJI HacTynaTeJIbHbIe
OnepaQMH B 3JIb3aCe 11 JIoTapHHfHI1. rOBOp 0 nJIane N2 17,
)l(ocpcpp YKaJbIBaJI, "ITO aKTI1BHOCTb <ppaHQY3cKMX apMHH.n;OJI-
:>KHa npOHBl1TbC B BI1J]:e lI.BYX rJIaBHbIX onepaUI1 I - OJJ:Ha Ha
npaBOM <pJIaHre, B paHoHe Me)KJJ:Y JIeCI1CTbIMM rOpaMI1 Bore3 H
M03eJIeM, .n;Pyra51 Ha JIeBOM - K ceBepy OT JIl1HI1I1 Bep.n;eH -
Mell .
PYCCKliH nJIaH BOHHbI BJI5IJIC I1CKJIIO"Il1TeJIbHO HacTyna-
v
TeJIbHbIM, npl1"IeM HacTynaTeJIbHbIe JJ:eMCTBI1 npe.n;noJIaraJlOCb
pa3BepHyTb o.n;HOBpeMeHHO npOTI1B ABCTpO- BenrpHI1 B raJII1-
UMI1 H npOTMB repMaHMI1 B BOCT01.IHOH TIpYCCMM. Cyrn:eCTBO-
BalIO .n;Ba BapMaHTa nJIaHa. 110 Bapl1aHT)' A rJIaBHble YCMJI:W
HanpaBJI5IJII1Cb npOTHB ABCTpO- BeHrpHM, HO npM YCJIOBHI1, eCJII1
repMaHM cocpe.n;OTO"II1T caOM rJIaBHble CMJIbI npOTI1B <I>paH-
UMM, a no Bapl1aHTY «r - npOTI1B repMaHHM, eCJIM nOCJIeJJ:H H
BbI6epeT ,n;JHI rJIanHOrO y,n;apa BMeCTO <I>paHI..{MM POCCMIO. CI1JIbI
'" )l(ocf>cl)p)KO ic<I»)f(aK(18S2-1931) -MapmaJl ct>pallllHH. B 1911-1914 rr.
lIayaJlhllHK fCIIJlITa6a. B 1914-1916 IT. rJlaBIlOKOMallJlYIOlllHii CI>pallllY3CKOH
apMHCH. YnOJICIl13 OTCTaBKY ia «BCPJlCIICI<YIO MHCOPy6KY . .
IlpOllOl
35
POCCM" pacnpeJ(eJUIJIMCb CJIenYIOllUfM o6pa30M: 33% - na 80-
CTOqHO-npYCCKOM yqaCTKe, 52% - Ha aBCTpO-BenrepCKOM,
15% - J{JIH npMKpbITHR neTporpan:a, BaJITMHCKOro no6epe;KbR
If PYMhIHCKOH rpaHl1l..{bI.
OCHOBHbIM I1HTepeCOM AHrJIHI1 6bIJIO CTpeMJIeHHe OTCTO-
HTb CBOM MHOrOqMCJIeHHbIe KOJIOH"M, Ha KOTOpble nOKYllIaJICH
repMaHCKI1H I1Mnepl1aJIM3M. IIpl1 aTOM AHrJIMR CTpeMI1JlaCb
npl1J{ep)KMBaThCR CBoeM Tpan:III..(MOHHOH nOJIMTI1KM - BoeBaTb
qY)KMMI1 PYKaMM.
JIJIOHl{ l()KOPJJ:)K*: MbI npel1CTaBJlHJlM ce6e HaIIle yqaCT11C
B BOHne B COrJIaC11M C Tpa.zU11.1J10HI-IOH pOJlbIO AHrJIl111 B KOHTH-
HCHTaJIbHbIX BOHHax. Halli Q:>JIOT l10Jl)KCH 6bIJI KOHTpOJIMpOBaTb
MOpR B I1HTepecax COI03H11KOB. Hallie 6oraTcTBo l10JDKHO 6bIJlO
nOMOqb <pI1HaHC11pOBaTb I1X 3aKa3bI 3a rpaHl1ucM. Hallla )Ke ap-
MMR JlOJI)KHa 6bIJIa I1rpaTb B BOHHe BTopocTeneHHYIo pOJIb .
11 BOT JIeTOM 1914 r. rJIaBHble npeTeH.l1enTbI Ha nepeJ{CJI
MMpa 111JI11 K KOH<PJlHKTY pClIIMTeJlbHbIMI1 maraMI1. BeCb MMp,
3aTal1B l1bIXaHMe, CJIeJ{MJI 3a Ka)K.l(hIM I1X l(BI-DKCHl1eM.
t -..". .I
\
.
c:J
· JIJloi1Jll{)K0PJPK t(3UHJl (1863-1945) - all rJI Hi,iCKHHIIOJI HTHLfCCKH ii JlC}I-
TCllb. B 1908-1915 IT. MI1IUICTp<lnlliaIlCOB, Ii 1916-1922,T.llpCMbCP-MIIIUICTP
BCll H Ko6pwraill-l H.
36
A8ual1USl BeJlUKOU 80U1tbl
1914 ro
ECJIH 6bI BOHCKO 3HaJIO,
BOHCKO no6HJIo 6bI BOHCKO *
B ,n;peBHeM KMTaMCKOM BoeHHOM KaHOHe CKa3aHO:
I1cKycCTBO no6e,n;bI Ha BOHHe COCTOMT B TOM, t.ITO-
6bI Tm;aTeJIbHO pa3Be,n;aTb 3aMbICJIbI Bpara Jf BOC-
nOJIb30naTbCH BbIrO.n;Oli, BHe3anHO Hana,n;a5.I TaM,
r,n;e Bpar He O)Klf,l(aeT .
28 UIOHR - Bo BpeM5I nOCemeHH5I aHHeKcHpoBaHHoH Eoc-
HHH H fepuerOBI1HbI B6JIH3H aBcTpHMCKOM rpaHHUbI B r. Capa-
eno 6bIJI y611T e,lU1HCTBeHHbIH HaCJIe,l{HHK aBcTpo-neHrepcKoro
rrpeCTOJIa 3purepuor cDpaHU -<l>ep,l{I1HaH,l{ (1863-1914).
EPYCHJIOB**: 06mee HerOl{OBaHHe 6bIJIO oTBeToM Ha 3TOT
TeppOpHCTl1l1eCKHH aKT, HO HI1KOMY 11 B rOJIony He MOrJIO npl1ti-
TI1, liTO 3TO y611MCTBO IlOCJIY)KI1T nOBO.llOM ,l{JI5I HallaJIa CTpaIlI-
HOH Bce 1HpHOH BOHHbI, KOTOpOH nce )K,l{aJIl1 If onaCaJIHCb».
B 3TH ,l{HH, OT.llbIXaH B fepMaHHH, Ha KypopTe B KHCCHHreHe,
npYCMJIOB 6bIJI CBH,l{eTeJIeM HHTepeCHOM KapTI1HKH . B TOT
rraM5ITHbI H Bellep BCCb napK 11 OKpeCTHbIe ropbI 6bIJIH BeJIHKO-
JIenao y6paHbI QJJIaraMI1, rHpJI5IH,l{aMH, TpaHcnapaHTaMH. My-
3bIKa rpeMeJIa CO Bcex CTOpOH. UeHTpaJIbHa51 )Ke nJIOma,llb, OK-
PYJKeHHaH l{neTHI1KaMH, 6bIJIa 3aCTpoeHa rrpeKpaCHbIMH )(eKO-
pau.I151MH, 11306paJKaBIlII1MH MOCKOBCKHM KpeMJIb, ero UepKBH,
CTeHbI, 6allIHH. I-Ia nepBOM nJIaHe B03BbIllIaJIC51 BaCHJIHH EJIa-
JKeHHbIM. Hac 3TO OlleUb YJI.I1BI1JIO H 3aHHTepecoBa.lIo. Ho KOrl-I.a
nallaJIC5I rpaH.ll1103HbIM cpeHepBepK C llaJIb60M H paKeTaMI1 rro,l{
3BYKH HeCKOJIbKI1X opKecTpoB, HrpaBllIl1X "Eo)Ke, ll.ap XpaHI1"
11 "KOJIb CJIaBeH", MbI OKOHlIaTeJIbHO nOpa3HJII1Cb. BCKope Macca
MCKp 11 orHeM C TpecKoM, HanOMI1HanllIl1M rryrne4BYlO fIaJIb6y,
* CTapCUI (ppallllY3cKaJl BOClllla}f IIorOBopKa Si l'ost savait, l'ost battrait
I'ost .
** EpYCHJIOB AJlcKccti A.TICKCCCIHI (1853-1926) - PYCCKHJi JlOJIKOAOJlCIl,
rCJlcpaJI 01' KaBaJlcpUH. B aBrYCTC 1914 r. 6bIJI lIa1l1a CII KOMallJlYlolllHM 8-i1
apMHIl IOro-3allaJUloro $pOIlTa, B MapTC 1916 r. - KOMallJlYloIIlHM IOro-3a-
IIa/Uloro (l>poIlTa, B Mac 1917 r. - BCpXOBllblM rJlaBIiOKOMaIlJlYIOIIlHM.
1914 lOa
37
paCCbnIasICb co BCeX rop Ha l1eHTpaJIbHYIO rrJIOIIU1J1b rrapKa, no-
,l(OJKrJIa Bce nOCTpOH:KH H coopY)KeHH51 KpeMJI51. TIepet( HaMI1
6bIJIO 3peJIHIl(e HaCT051ll.{erO rpOMa.n:Horo nOJKapa.l1bIM, t.IClJ.t, rpo-
XOT H mYM PYllIHBIlIHXC51 CTeH. KOJIOKOJIbHH H KpeCTbI QepKBeH:
HaKJIOH JIHCb H BaJIHJIHCb Ha3eMb. Bce ropeJIO not( TOpJKeCTBeH-
HbIe 3BYKH YBepTlOpbI qaHKoBcKoro ,,12-H ro,n;". MbI 6bIJII1 no-
paJKeHbI H MOJIt.Ian:H B He,l(oYMeHHI1. Ho HeMel.{Ka51 TOJIna arrJIO-
,lJ;HpOBaJIa, KpHt.Ian:a, BOnHJIa OT BOCTopra, 11 HeHCTOBCTBY ee rrpo-
CTO He CTaJIO npet(eJIa, Kor,n;a MY3bII<a cpa3Y npH nat(eHHH
nocJIe,n;Heti CTeHbI HaJ{ nenJIOM nallII1X ,lJ;BOPI..10B 11 QepKBeti, no,ll
rpoxOT arrocpe03a cpeH:epBepKa 3arpeMeJla I-IeMeUKHti I-IaQHo-
HaJlbHbIH: rMMH. "TaK BOT B t.IeM lI.eJIo! BOT 4ero 11M XOt.IeTC !" -
BOCKJIHKHYJIa MO JKeHa. Bne1.IaTJJeHHe 6bIJIO CHJIbHoe. "Ho t.Ib
B03bMeT?" - nO,lJ;YMan:oCb MHC».
UIOJIb
20 UIOJlR - Bo <DpaHI!HH rrpeKpameHbI OTnYCKa BbICllIero
KOMCOCTaBa.
23 UIOJlR - ABcTpo-BeHrpl151 061>51BJI5IeT Cep6HIO BI1HOB-
nOH: B y6HHcTBe 3pI!repuora H rrpet(D BJI51eT eH YJIbTI1MaTyM.
25 UIOJlR - Cep6H OTBepraeT YJIbTI1MaTYM.
ABCTPO- BeHrpl151 pa3pblBaCT t(HnJIOMaTHt.IeCKl1e OTHOllie-
HI1 C Cep6HeM. B Cep6HI1 061>51BJIeHa M06HJIH3aUH51. B fep-
MaHI1H OT03BaHbI 113 OTnYCKOB ocpHuepbI, Haxo.n: mHeC51 3a npe-
,n;eJIaMI1 CTpaHbI, Bce KpynHbIe coopYJKeHH51 B3 TbI not( oxpaHY.
27 UIOJlR - B fepMaHI1H Ha1.IaTbI pa60TbI B KpenOCT.HX MeI.1
II l1H.n:eHrocpeH, BOHcKa B03Bpall1.eHbI H3 JIarepeH B MeCTa no-
CT051HHOrO paCKBapTHpOBaHI1 , YCHJIeHa oxpaHa )KCJIC3HbIX
,n;opor, 061> BJIeH 1.IaCTH1.IHbIH npl13bIB pe3epBI1CTOB.
Cl>paHQY3cKHe BOHCKa c06paHbi B nYHKTax nOCT05lHHoti
,n;HCJIOKaUHH.
5pHTaHcKHH cpJIOT cocpet(OT01.IeH B IlopTcMYTe.
28 UIOJlR - ABCTpO- BenrpH51 061>51BJI51eT Cep6HH BOMIIY.
Ha1.IaTa 1.IaCTI1t.IHa51 M06HJIH3aUH B neJIbrHI1.
Bo <DpaHUHH npeKpameHbl OTnYCKa H BCTYIIHJIH B CI1JIY
MepbI no oxpaHe rpaHMI..1.
38
A8Ua UJl BellUKOU 80U1lbl
ABCTpO-BeHrepCKasI OCan;HasI apTMJIJIepMjI, paCnOJIOjJ(eHHasI
Ha CeBepHOM 6epery ,l(YHasI, npOM3BeJIa 06CTpeJI BeJIrpan;a.
29 U'IOllS - B POCCMM 06'bjlBJIeHa 'IaCTM'IHasI M06MJIM3a-
QMSI.
B BeJIMK06pMTaHMM BBe,l1eH pe)KMM npe,l1BapMTeJIbHOrO
BoeHHoro nOJIO)KeHMjI .
cDpaHUMjI Ha'IMHaeT 'IaCTM'IHYIO M06MJIM3aUMIO MJIa,l1IllMX
B03paCTHbIX rpynn B BOCTO'IHbIX paMoHax CTpaHbI.
30 U'IOJUl, - fepMaHMjI npM3bIBaeT meCTb B03paCTOB pe-
3epBMCTOB M Ha'IHHaeT BbI,l1BMjJ(eHMe BOMHCKMX 'IaCTei1: K rpa-
HMl.{e.
cDpaHQMjI BBO,l1MT B ,l1eMCTBMe nJIaH npMKpbITMjI rpaHMI!bI.
M06MJIM30BaHbI njlTb npMrpaHM'IHbIX KopnYCOB.
31 U'IOllS - BBM,l1Y yrpO)KalOlUerO nOJIO)KeHMjI, POCCI1j1
06ijlBJIjleT Bce06myIO M06MJIM3aUMIO.
Bce06wasI Mo6MJIM3aUMjI 06'bSlBJIeHa B BeJIbrMM M ABCTpO-
BeHrpMM.
B fepMaHMM 06'bjlBJIeHO nOJIOjJ(eHMe, yrpO)KaIOIUee BO 'I-
HOti . fepMaHMjI npe.a'bjlBJIjleT YJIbTMMaTYM POCCMM 0 nOJIHOH
.aeM06I1JIM3aUMM M o6pamaeTcjI K cDpaHQMM C YJIbTMMaTMBHbIM
3anpOCOM OTHOCMTeJIbHO nOBe,l1eHMjI cDpaHQMM B CJIY'Iae PYC-
CKO- repMaHCKoro KOH<pJIMKTa.
TeM He MeHee, nOKa Ha Bepxax rOCY,l1apCTB npOMCXO,l1j1T Bce
3TM rp03HbIe TeJIO,l1BI1)KeHMSI, HM3bI np0,l10JIjJ(aIOT npe6bIBaTb B'
6JIajJ(eHHOM HeBe,l1eHI1M.
CTenYH*: BCnOMI1Hajl nOCJIe,l1Hee npe,l1BoeHHoe JleTO B
POCCI1M, $I Y,l1I1BJIjlIOCb TOMY, KaK MaJIO BHMMaHHjI MbI Y,l1eJIjlJIM
BOHne, KaK MaJIO TpeBO)KMJII1Cb 6bICTpOTOlO M HeoTBpaTMMocTbIO
ee npH6J1ltDKeHMjI.
He nOMHIO, QT06bI $I XOTb pa3, KOr.l{a 3TO 6bIJIO elUe B03-
MO)l(HO, nOnbITaJICSI KynMTb I1HocTpaHHYIO ra3eTY MJIM Y3HaTb
Qepe3 3HaK OMbIX, 'ITO .aYMaIOT B Kpyrax HeMeQKoro KOHCYJIb-
· CTcnYII <Dc/lop AnrycToBH4 (1884-1965) - PYCCKHH >HJIOCO(P, KPHTHK,
)f(ypllaJIHCT. B 1914-1917 rr. apTHJIJICpH icKHH OQ>HI(CP, yyaCTBOBaJl n BOCII-
IIhlX IlCHcTBlUIX B faJIHUHH, 3aTCM CTaJI YJJCIIOM BpCMclllloro IIpaBHTCJlbCTBa.
TIoCJIC OKT}l6pbCKoi1 pCBOJJlOllHH 3MHrpHpoBaJi. TIOCJICJUIHC rO/lbJ )f(HJI II fcp-
MaIH1H, 61>IJI IIpOCpCCCOpOM Kacl>cJlPbl HCTOpHH PYCCKOH KYJll>TYPhl M,OIIXCII-
CKoro Y"HBcpcJ-rrcTa.
1914 lOa
39
CTBa. 4. Y Hac B HBaHOBKe, B t{OMe 11 rrapKe, KaK B CTapl1lIIIOM
pOMaHce, uapl1JII1 ,,11 MWp, 11 JII060Bb, 11 6JIa)f(eHCTBO">.>.
11 TaKoe COCTO${Hl1e 6hIJIO xapaKTepHO He TOJIbKO J{JI rpa)f(-
,l(aHCKOro tteJIOBeKa, 1I0 11 ,n;JI 6y,n;YIl{erO BbIJ{aIOlllerOC.H repMan-
CKoro JIeTttl1Ka, a rrOKa ellle JIeHTeHaHTa KaBaJIepHH MaH<ppeJ{a
<pOH PI1XTrocpeHa:
3a ,n;eHb .ao M0611JIM3aUl1l1 MbI CMJ{CJII1 KOMnaHl1eH CBocro
3CKaJ{pona B ocpl1uepCKOM KJIy6e KI1JIOMeTpax B .aeC${TI1 OT rpa-
Hl1ltbI. EJII1 YCTPIiU, nHJII1 rnaMnaHCKoe H I1rpalll1 no MaJIeHb-
KOH. BbIJIO OqeHh BeCeJIO, 0 BOHHe HI1KTO Ii He .aYMalI. I-IaJlo
CKa3aTb, t{TO Bcero 3a HeCKOJIhKO ,n;HeH J{O 3Toro Hac BeCbMa
nOpa3l1JIa MaTyrnKa BeJ.{eJI}I, KOTOpaH rrpl1KaTI1JIa H3 I1oMepa-
HI1I1, lIT06bI ycrreTb YBI1.aeTb CbIHa .ao Toro, KaK nallHeTC}I BOM-
Ha. Ho, Hai1.a Bcex B caMOM 3aMellaTeJIbHOM pacnOJIO:>KeHHI1
.ayxa 11 BI1)), , t{TO 0 BOMHe HI1KTO 11 He nOMbIllIJI}IeT, ona naCTOJIb-
KO rrpI1060J.{pI1JIaCb, t{TO .aa:>Ke rrpl1rJIaCHJIa Hac Bcex lIa BCCbMa
He.aYPHOH 3aBTpaK.
CJIOBOM, MbI BeCeJII1JII1Cb VI rnYMCJII1, KorJ.{a .aBCpb BHe3au-
1I0 pacnaxHYJIaCb 11 Ha nopore rrOMBI1JIC}I rpacp KocrrOT. BbIr-
JI${.aeJI OH, KaK npI1BI1J{eHHe.
MbI rrpHBeTCTBOBalIl1 Hawero CTapl1HHOrO J{pyra rpOMKHM
"Ypa!", 1-10 OH 6bICTpO 06'b CHI1JI HaM npl1t{I1HY CBoero nOMBJIe-
HI1 . fpa<p CneI.J.l1aJlbHO JII1t{HO npIi6bIJI Ha rpaHIilty, J.{a6bI y)),O-
CTOBepMTbC B npaBOTe CJIYXOB 0 Hat{aBI11C1IC}I MHpOBOH B011-
He. Ero ynepHJIH, \lTO caMYIO .aOcToBcpnYlo HlIcpopMaUI1Io MO)K-
liO nOJIYlJHTb TOJIbKO Ha rpaHI1I{e, H nOToMY 011 OKa3aJIC}l
HeCKaJanHO yJ.{I1BJIeH, KorJ{a YBHJI.eJl Hanni MHpIlO CMeIOll{l1eCH
<p113110HOMHH. OT Hero MbI Y3IIaJIH, liTO Bce MOCTbI B CHJle3HI1
YCIiJIeHHO OXpaH}IIOTC BoeHHbIMH, a BOHCKa y)f(e 3aHI1MaIOT
pa3JIHlIHbIe YKpenJIeHHbre rr031111IiH.
MbI 6bICTpO y6eJlIiJIH ero, ttTO B03MO)l(I10CTb BOHHbI npaK-
TI1QeCKI1 paBHa HY JIIO, 11 rrp0,lJ,OJI)KHJIH caoe BeCCJIbe.
Ha CJIe.aYIOIllI1H .aeHb 6bIJI nOJIYt{eH npHKa3 BbIcTyrraTb.
MbI rrepelIIJII1 rpaHHUY>'>.
40
A8uau,USl BeJlUKOU BOU1lbl
ABfYCT
1-u t{eHb 3TOrO MeC a (cy66oTa) CqI1TaeTC5I Ocpl1 l1aJIbHO:H
JJ:aTOH Ha1.IaJIa TIepBO:H Ml1pOBOH BOHHbI. B 3TOT JJ:eHb, He JJ:O:>K-
,l\aBllIl1Cb YJJ:OBJIeTBOpI1TeJIbHOrO OTBeTa Ha CBOM YJIbTI1MaT)'M,
repMaHI151 06'b5lBHJIa Bceo6ll.(YIO Mo6HJIH3aU:HIO H BO:HHY POCCHH.
COrJIaCHO nOCJIeJJ:HeMY nJIaHY, repMaHCKHH fCHepaJIbHbIM
Il1Ta6 paCCllHTbIBaJI, 060pOH5I5ICb MaJIbIMH CHJIaMI1 npOTHB POC-
CHH, 3a 42 ,n:H5I pa3rpoMHTb CDpaHIlHIO, a 3aTeM, nepe6pocHB
BOHcKa Ha Bocm01/,1-l0eBpOneucKuu meamp, TaK:>Ke 6bICTpO pa3-
rpoMHTb POCCHIO. 3aMbICeJI HacTynJIeHH5I npoTMB CDpaHU:HI1
3aKJIJO'"IaJIC5I B TOM, lJTo6bI HenpepbIBHbIM rJIy60KHM 06XOt{OM
KpynHbI MI1 CHJIaMH Qepe3 BeJIbrHIO, 3anaJJ:Hee H IOrO-3anaJJ:Hee
IIapl1)Ka, OKPY)KHTb cppaHU:Y3CKYIO apMHIO, npH:>KaB ee K cppaH-
Ko-repMaHCKOH rpaHMl{e, H pa3rpOMI1Tb.
B COOTBeTCTBHH C 3THM 3aMbICJIOM HaMe1.IaJIOCb pa3BepTbIBa-
Hl1e ,l\BYX rpynn apMHH: Yl{apHOH VI BcnOMOraTeJIbHOH. YlI:apHaJI
rpynna (npaBoe KpbIJIO) - TpI1 QeTBepTH CHJI, npe,l\Ha3I1aQaBIIIHX-
C}l JJ:JI5I pa3rpOMa CDpaH HI1, pa3BepTbIBaJIaCb ceBepHee Meu:a. 3Ta
YJJ:apHaH rpynna B COCTaBe II TH apMHH JJ:OJI:>KHa 6bIJIa OCYIl{e-
CTBHTb rJIy60KHH OXBaTbIBalOll.(H:H MaHeBp C u:eJIbIO OKpY)KeHH5I
(ppanu.Y3CKOH apMHI1. BcnOMOraTeJIbHa5I rpynna B COCTaBe JJ:BYX
apMHH HMeJIa CBoe:t'I 3a,n:aQeM npHBJIet.Jb Ha ce6 KaK MO:>KHO 60JIb-
lIIe cppaH1tY3CKHX CHJI H, CKOBbIBaH HX, cIIoco6cTBOBaTb YJJ:apHO:H
rpynne B OCYll{eCTBJIeHHH OXBaTbIBaIOIQero MaHeBpa. L{JI5I o6opo-
IIbI BOCTOlJHO:H llpYCCHH pa..1BcpTbIBanaCb OJJ:Ha apMH5I. B CHJIe-
3HI11{JI51 CB5I3H C aBCTpO- BeHrepcKO:H apMHeH pa3BepTbIBaJIC5I Ot(HH
Kopnyc. l1JJ:e O,l\HOCTOpOHHero OXBaTbIBaIo ero MaHeBpa Ot(IIHM
3aXOt{HIIU1M KpbIJIOM 6bIJIa n03aHMCTBOBaHa repMaHCKHM reHe-
paJIHTeTOM y HanOJIeOHa. OCHOBHOM Yt(apHOH CHJIO:H fepMaHH5I
CQHTaJIa CBOIO MOlI(HYIO apTHJIJIepI1IO, cnoco6HYIO, no HX MHeHI1IO,
CJIOMHTb JII06YIO 060POHY*. Ho KpoMe 3Toro 6bIJIO npHI"OTOBJIe-
IIO 11 HetITO no TeM BpeMeHaM Heo6bIQHoe.
· OPYCHJJOB: . Y IIac 6blJIO TBCpJlOC y6CJKJlCIIJ1C, liTO apTHJJJICpHIO 60Jlhlll0l'O
KaJIU6pa IIOJlBC3TH IICJlb:i}l, a rcpMalillbl CYMCJIH CKpblTb TC LfYJlO1JJ1lllllhIC K(l-
Jlltl6pbl OPYJHlti, KOTOpblC 01111 IIpHrOTOBHJIH JlJl}I 6blCTpOH aTaKJ1 KpCIIOCTCH,
LfTO nllcpBblC o611apY:>KHJIOCb BO BPCM}l lIPOXO:>KJlCJlltl}l HX LfCpC3 BCJlhrHlo .
1914 lOa
41
repMaHCKI1:H wTa6, npeKpaCHO 3HaH 0 TOM, KaK ,Z:laJIeKO Bne-
pe.n: YIlIJIa cI>paHI.11UI B pa3BHTHH aBHal.!110HHOH TeXHI1KI1, ,Z:leJIaJI
CTaBKY Ha CBoe cynepopY)Kl1e, TBopeHHe rpacpa ll.enneJIMHa, He
HMeBllIee a TO BpeM anaJIOrOB B MHpe. B repMaHHH K 3TOMY MO-
MeHry HaC'lIHTbIBaJIOCb 32 B03,n:YI11HbIX Kopa6JI , H3 III1X 12 uen-
neJIMHoa. Bce uenneJIHHbI HMeJIM eMKOCTb B 20 TbIC. M: i 11 60JIee, II
MOrJII1 nO,Z:lIlMMaTb rpY3,Z:l0 10 T. BOJIblllaH lJaCTb 3THX B03t{)'llIHbIX
Kopa6JIei1 6bIJIa Cna6JKeHa nYJIeMeTaMH 11 CKOpOCTpCJIbHbIMH opY-
.n:M MH. ll.enneJIMHbI pa3BHBaJIH CKOpOCTb J{O 82 KM/qaC 11 MOrJIH
npOJIeTeTb 6e3 noca.n.KM J{O 4,5 TbIC. KM. Bce OHM 6bIJIH cHa6)KeHbI
CTaHUI1 MI1 6eCnpOBOJIO'llHOrO TeJIerpacpa 11 npOJKCKTOpaMI1. A
CaMoe rJIaBHOe - OHM MOrJII1 cB060J{HO c6paCbIBaTb rpY3 J{O 600 Kr,
HI1CKOJIbKO He HapyrnaH CBoero paBHOBeCI1.H.
KpoMe I.1enneJIMHOB B repMaHCKOM B03,Z:lYllIHOM <pJIOTe I1Me-
JIHCb Ha BoopYJKeHHI1 1 B03J{YIllHbli:i KpeHcep I KJIaCCa «lllIOT-
Te-JIaHI.1 eMKOCTblO a 24 TbIC. M 3 , 9 B03J{YllIHbIX KpeHcepoa I I
KJIaCca, J{Ba pa3aeLlbIBaTCJIbHbIX B03J{YllIHhIX Kopa6JI.H H 9 CTO-
p0)KeBbIX 11 Y'lIe6HbIX B03J{YllIHbIX Kopa6JIeM.
lJ:JI.H 06CJIY)KHaaHM.H CTOJIb 3HalJI1TCJIbHOrO B03J{YllIIIoro
<pJIOTa B repMaHHH I1MeJIOCb 44 3JIJII1Hra H 21 Ma5IK J{JI.H IIO'll-
HbIX nOJIeTOB; TaKHMM MaHKal\111 CJIY)f(HJII1 abICOKl1e MeTaJIJIH-
qeCKHe 6allIHM C npOJKeKTOpaMM. B6JIH311 rJIaBHbIX B03J{YllIHbIX
raBaHei1 pacnOJIaraJIHCb BOJ{OpOJ{HbIe 3aaOJ{bI.
IlocJIe nepeLlatJH J{MpMJKa6JIei1 «BMKTopl1 JIYI13a 11 no-
JIY)KeCTKOro M-IV MOPCKOMY aeJ{OMCTBY B paCI10p )KeHHH
rJIaBHOrO repMaHCKoro KOMaHJ{oaaHI1.H OCTaJIHCb:
Ha 3anaa1l0e8pOneUC'KOM meampe uenneJIMllbI: Z- VI (B
KeJIbHe), Z-VII (a oaLleHe), Z-VIII (a Tpl1pe), Z-IX (Bj{IOC-
CeJIbJ{opcpe), Z-CaKCOHH.H (ao cDpaHKCPYPTe-Ha-MaHHe);
Ha BocmO 1l0e8pOneUC'Ko.M meampe: Z-IV (B KeHHrc6ep-
re), Z-V (B ll03HaHH) 11 «ll1IOTTe-JIaHU DL-2 (B JIl1rHI1Ue).
fIoMI1MO 3JIJIHHrOB a YKa3aHHbIX nYHKTax, HMeJIC.H p.H BO-
eHHbIX 11 tJaCTHbIX 3JIJIHHrOB .llJI.H J{Hpl1)Ka6JIeH )KeCTKOro Tl1na
B Meue, lJ:pe3LleHe, AnJIeHIIITeHHe, rOTa, 110raHHI1cTaJIe 11 JIeH-
nQHre. rOTOBHJIHCb 3JIJIHHrl1 6JII13 J!lOcCeJIbJ{opcpa, BOHHa,
l{apMlllTC\ltTa, MaHreHMa, cI>pHJ{pHxcra(j>eHa, raHHoBepa, lllei1-
,l(eMHJI 11 IOTe6opra.
42
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80U1tbl
Bcero B repMaHl111 I1MeJIOCb 39, o6oPY):10Ba HbIx CTO HOK
):1JI ):1 11 pl1JKa6JI eH , I1MeBllIl1X 53 SJIJIHHra (113 HHX 39 60JIb-
1lII1X ).
To, qTO repMaHCKI1H reHepaJIbHbIH IIITa6 BI1J(eJI B ):1Hpl1)Ka6-
JI X BbI):1alOIIJ;eec cpeJtCTBO He TOJIbKO ):1JI ):1aJIbHeM pa3Be):1KH,
HO TaK)I(e 11 ):1JIH 60M6ap):1l1pOBaHI1 QeJIeM B rJIy6oKoM TbIJIY
npOTI1BHI1Ka, BeCbMa OTpHl.!aTeJIbHO CKa3aJIOCb Ha pa3BI1TI111
aBHa1.!1111 B repMaHI1I1. l]:a)l(e HeCMOTp Ha TO, qTO no qI1CJIeH-
HOCTH BoeHHbIX aSpOnJIaHOB eM Y):1aJIOCb ):10rHaTb cDpaHQMIO,
repMaHCKl1e annapaTbI B 60JIbllII1HCTBe CBoeM YCTynaJIl1 <ppan-
I.!Y3CKI1M, a nOCJIe Mo611JII13aQI111 <ppaHI.!Y3aMI1 60JIbliiOrO KO-
JII1QeCTBa qaCTHbIX aSpOI1JIaHOB pe3Ko OTCTaJIl1 11 B KOJII1Qe-
CTBeHHOM OTHOllleHI1I1.
renHep: <I>paHUH .llaJIeKO onepe):1I1JIa Hac B STOM OTHO-
llIeHI1I1... HaQI1HaH C 1910 r., He TOJIbKO <ppaHI.!Y3CKaH apMI1 ,
HO 11 BC CTpaHa CTaJII1 B03JIaraTb CBOI1, HaJ{e)l(J].bI Ha "n TbIH
pO):1 BOMCK". <DpaHI.!Y3bI 6bIJII1 y6e)K):1eHbI, QTO CaMOJleT BI1TC}I
TeM Cpe):1CTBOM, KOTopoe I103BOJII1T 11M .n:06I1TbC n06e):1bI B 6y-
J].ymeH BOHHe .
ABI1al.!110HHble CI1JIbI rCpMaHHI1 K STOMY MOMeHTY 6bIJIH
CJI e.n:y 10 Il1I1 M 11.
llpl1 Mo611JII13al.!I111 113 nHTI1 I1MelOIIJ;I1XCH Ha TOT MOMeHT
aBI1al.!110IlHbIX 6aTaJIbOHOB B repMaHl111 6bIJII1 C<pOpMl1pOBaHbI
34 nOJIeBbIX 11 7 KpenocTHbIX aBI1al.!110HHbIX OTp ):10B C 06IUI1M
l£I1CJIOM aSpOnJIaHOB - 232. EOJIbllleM QaCTblO STO 6bIJII1 ):1BYX-
MeCTHbIe 6HnJIaHbI «Anb6aTpoc 11 O):1HOMeCTHbIe MOHOnJIaHbI
Tay6e» co CKOpOCTblO OKOJIO 100 KM/Qac. KpoMe Toro, 6bIJIl1
pa3BepHYTbI 8 aBI1al.!110HHbIX napKOB 11 5 3anaCHbIX aBl1al.(I1OH-
I1bIX OTpH):10B. Ka)l():10M apMl1l111 Ka)l():10MY apMeMcKoMY KOPlIY-
cy npl1):1aBaJIOCb no O):1HOMY nOJIeBOMY aBHal.!110HHOMY OTp ):1y
(Staffel), I1MeB'rIIeMY 6 aspOnJIanoB. B norpaHI1QHbIX KpenocT x
aBI1aUl10HHble OTpHJ{bI I1MeJII1 no 4 aSpOI1JIaHa. llJIaHOMepHa5I
Mo611JI113al.!l1 nOJICBbIX aBl1aOTpH):10B 3aBepllII1JIaCb B fIHTb
):1HeM.
KpoMe Toro, no HeKOTopbIM JtaHHbIM 6bIJIO nO):1rOTOBJIeHO
1500 JIeTQI1KOB, B TOM QI1CJIe -' 500 BoeHHbIX. I1MeJI'OCb 60JIec
40 3aBO.llOB, cTpo r.u:l1x a3pOnJIaJIbi 11 .l(Bl1raTeJII1lI.JI, , HI1X.
1914 zoa
43
fEPOHqECKMI 6EJIbfUj!
BIIJIOTb ,lt0 BaTepJIOO cY,ltb6hI EBpOIIbI BCef,lta pe-
rnaJIHCh B EeJIbfHH. MHe KroKeTcH, \.ITO TPY,ltHO OT-
Ka3aTbCH OT 3TOfO paHOHa.
(/JOUl *
2 a8zycma - fepMaHH.H oKKynHpOBa.na repl.!orCTBO JIIOK-
ceM6yprcKoe. 5bICTpbIH 3aXBaT 3Toro paHoHa 6bIJI He06xoJJ;HM
fepMaHHH JJ;JI.H 06eCneqeHH.H pa3BepTbIBaHI1H B HeM O,lJ.HOH 113
CBOI1X apMHH. Ho e e Ba)KHee 6bIJIO Terrepb 3aXBaTI1Tb yqac-
TOK p. Maac OKOJIO rOJIJIaH,lJ.CKOH rpaHHl.!bI, KaK 6JII1)KaHllIl1H: K
pai10HY pa3BepTbIBaHH.H repMaHCKI1X apMHH. 3,lJ.eCb ,lJ.OJI)KHbI
6bIJIH nepenpaBI1TbC.H na JIeBbIH 6eper BC.H 1-51 repMaHCKaH ap-
MI1.H 11 npaBbIH (j>JIaHr 2-H.
1-10 3TOT yqaCTOK 3arrHpa.na KpenOCTb JIbe)K, KOTOpOH 6bIJIO
He06xo,lJ.I1MO OBJIa,lJ.eTb B KpaTQaHllIl1H CpOK. Oc06eHHo Ba)K-
Hoe 3HaQeHI1e I1MeJIO COXpaHeHl1e KpyrrHoro )KeJIe3HOJ.{op0)K-
Horo MOCTa B KpenOCTH. fepMaHCKoe KOMaH,lJ.OBaHl1e 06paTH-
JIOCb K 6eJIbrl1HCKHM BJIaCT.HM C npe,lJ.JIO)KeHHeM nponYCTI1Tb
repMaHCKl1e BOHCKa Qepe3 6eJIbrl1HCKYlO Teppl1TOpl1lO, 06ema.H
B3aMeH coxpaHeHHe rOCY,lJ.apCTBeHHOH QeJIOCTHOCTH. O,lJ.HaKO
6eJIbrHHCKI1e BJIaCTI1 OTBeTI1JII1 KaTerOpHQeCKI1M OTKa30M.
B 3TOT ,lJ.eHb B 5plOcceJIe BO Bcex KHOCKax 6bIJIO BbIBellleHO
06'b.HBJIeHl1e: 5eJIbrl1.H OTKa3aJIa . 5eJIbrI1HCKa.H I1HTeJIJIl1reH-
1.!11.H MbICJIeHHO 6JIarOJJ;apHJIa npaBI1TeJIbCTBO 3a TO, QTO 6bIJII1
npHH.HTbI MepbI, orpa,lJ.I1BllIl1e Hal.!l1lO OT II030pa npene6peQb
CBOHMI1 06.H3aHHOCT.HMI1 oxpaHHTeJIbHI1QbI Ml1pa 11 CTpa)Ka
60JIbllIOH ,lJ.oporl1 EBponbI . .
KaK TOJIbKO CTaJIO HeCOMHeHHbIM, QTO repManCKl1e BOHCKa
npC,lJ.IIOJIaraIOT BTOp)KeHHe B npe,lJ.eJIbI 5eJIbrHI1, 6bIJIl1 npl1IHI-
· <1>0111 <I>cPJlI1l1allJl (1851-1929) - MaplllaJI <I>pallllHH (1918). B 1914 r.
KOMallJtOBaJI XX apMcHcKHM KOPIlYCOM. 5 jllIBapjJ 1915 r. lIa311aLfCil KOMaIlJ1Y-
IOLlU1M CCBCpli blM <pPOIiTOM, 27 JlCKa6p}l 1916 r. CMCIIlCIl C JlOJDKIlOCTH. IIoJIY-
"IHJJ IIpHKa i 01' 1I0Boro KOMallJlYIOlllcro HHBCJIH: pa3pa60TaTb IIJlall B03MO)K-
JlblX OIlCpalll1ti lIa cJIYl.fai1 lIapYlllCIHUI JlCMl(aMH IICHTpaJIHTCTa 111l3cHuapHH.
12 }IIIBapH 1917 r. aTOT IIJlall 6bIJI OJl06pclI. C 15 M3jJ 1917 r. lIa l laJlbllHK rCllc-
paJIblloro I II Ta6a (ppallllY3cKHX BoiicK. C MapTa 1918 r. rJlanllOKoMallJly,olIlH 11
COI0311blMH apMHHMH no <1>pallllHH.
44
A8uau,UJl BeJlUKOU 80U1lbl
TbI COOTBeTCTBYlOlUHe MepbI. O<pHQepCKHH COCTaB npe ynpe)K-
eH, 1{TO BCTynJIeHHe Ha TeppHTOpHIO BeJIbrHH <ppaHQY3CKHX
BOHCK He OJI)KHO C1{HTaTbC5I HapymeHHeM HeHTpaJIHTeTa; npH
JIIo6bIX )Ke nonbITKax repMaHCKHX BOHCK nepeCe1{b rpaHHQY
6bIJIO npHKa3aHO OTKpbIBaTb orOHb Ha nOp(l)KeHHe. BbIJIH pa3-
pyrneHbI CTpaTerH\IeCKHe coopY)KeHH5I, pacnOJIO)KeHHbIe Ha
6eJIbrHHCKo-repMaHCKoil rpaHHQe. Bo H36eiKaHHe HCnOJIb30-
BaHH5I repMaHCKOH apTHJIJIepHeH 3aCH5ITbIX rnnHOHaMH OPH-
eHTHpOB, BJIaCTH ceBepO-BOCT01{HOrO <popnOCTa BeJIbrHH -
ropo a JIbeiKa - JIOMaJIH .n;OMa, BbIpy6aJIH epeBb5l, J].a)Ke cnec-
JIM O HY QepKOBb. B 3TOT J].eHb BnepBbIe, Ka)KeTC5I, - IlHCaJI
BpIOCCeJIbCKHH )KypHaJII1CT, - 6eJIbrHeQ nOHHMaeT c nepBoro
CJIOBa H eJIaeT TO, \ITO eMY BeJI5IT...>.>
J a8zycma - repMaHH5I 06'b5lBHJIa BOMHY BeJIbrl1H.
repMaHCKoe KOMaH oBaHHe paCC1{HTbIBaJIO, B 2-3 .n;H5I npoH-
51 BeJIbrl1IO, HanaCTb Ha cI>paHQHIO C TOM CTOpOHbI, rJ.{e (KaK
eMY Ka3aJIOcb) repMaHcKoro Hana eHI151 He iK aJIH.
repMaHCKI1M CTaTc-ceKpeTapb HHOCTpaHHbIX .n;eJI <pon-51roB
rOBOpHJI aHrJIHHCKoMY nocJIY B BepJIHHe rOrneHY: Hapyme-
lIHe HeMTpaJIHTeTa BeJIbrHH npO I1KTOBaHO He06xoJ.{HMOCTbIO.
I-laM HaJ].O rrpOHHKHYTb BO cI>paHQHIO caMbIM KpaTKHM H JIer-
KI1M nYTeM, QT06bI onepe HTb ee BoeHHbIe onepaI..(1111 H Hane-
CTH eH B03MOiKHO CKopee pernHTeJlbHblti y ap. j!Jl51 fepMaHHI1
3TO Bonpoc iKM3HH H CMepTH! >.>
IT paBI1TeJIbCTBO BeJIbrHH H3 aJIO eKpeT: «OKa3bIBaTb CO-
npOTHBJIeHMe repMaHCKHM BOHCKaM, CTapa5lCb B TO )l(e BpeM5I
coxpaHHTb ne3aBHCHMOCTb BeJIbrMH H Henpl1KOCHOBeHHOCTb
ee TeppHTOpI1H>'>.
3-51 6eJIbrnMCIGUI.l{MBH311 OJIiKHa 6bIJIa, onHpCUlCb Ha YKpen-
JIeHH5I JIbe)Ka, 3a,n;epiKaTb npoTI1BHMKa, a OCTanbHbIe, 3a HCKJIIO-
\IeHHeM 4-H, Ha KOTOpyIO B03JIaranaCb 060poHa HaMIOpa, pa3Bep-
HyrbC5I npOTI1B HacrynaIOll(HX repMaHCKHX apMHH. C006pa3HO C
3THM 1-H HBH3H5I 6bIJIa HanpaBJIeHa H3 reHTa B THpJIeMOH, 2-51
H3 AHTBepneHa B JIYBeH, 5-51 113 MOHca B ITepBe3, a 6-51 H3 BplOc-
ceJI5I B BaBp. IT pHKpbITI1e 3THX nepe BH)KeHHH B03JIaranOCb Ha
KaBaJIepHI1CKYIO I1BH3HIO B BapeHe, CBO HYIO 6pl1ra,n;y 3-11 J].H-
BH3HI1 B TOI-lrpH H CMellIaHHYIO 6pHra y 4 -H .l{HBI13HH B rYHe.
1914 lOa
45
CorJIaCHO KOHCTHTYQHH EeJIbrHI1, BO rJIaBe apMHH CTaJI
KOpOJIb Anb6epT*.
4 a8zycma - B 8 qaCOB 02 MHHYTbI IIO cpe HceBponci1-
CKOMY BpeMcHM 2-51 H 4-51 repMaHcKHc KaBaJIepHHCKHe I1BH-
3HH nepeIllJIH rpaHHQY B OKpCCTHOCT X BH3e H BCTynMJII1 Ha
TeppHTopHIO ECJIbrHH; MOCT qepe3 p. Me3 OKa3aJIC pa3pyrneH-
HbIM, nO XO bI K peKe I1pHKpblBaJI 6aTaJIbOH 12-ro 6eJIbrHH-
CKoro nOJIKa. K nOJIY HIO repMaHCKOH KaBaJIepl1H Y aJIOCb I1e-
penpaBHTbC5I BbllllC no TelIeHHIO H 6eJIbrHHCKMe 1I0rpaHHQHH-
KI1 6bIJIH BbIHY)I( eHbI OTOHTI1.
EeJIbrHHCKaH apMH5I I1pHlllJIa B BI1)1(eHl1e COfJlaCIIO C 3a-
paHee pa3pa60TaHHbIM nJIaHOM.
K BeQepy 3Toro H5I Ha no xo ax K JIbe)l(Y CKOH[(eI-rrpl1.po-
BaJIOCb OKOJIO 300 TbIC. repMaHQeB.
5 a8zycma - YTpOM K KOMeHlI,aHTY JIbe)Ka reHepaJIY JIc-
MaHY 51BI1JIHCb I1apJIaMeHTepbI C I1pe JIO)KeHHeM nponYCTHTb
repMaHCKHe BOHCKa lIepe3 ropo , HO BHOBb nOJIY\II1JlH KaTero-
pHQeCKHH OTKa3.
06ecnoKoeHHbIM 3a Cp)l(KOH Y Jlbc)Ka, aBaBIlleH B03MO)K-
HOCTb <ppaHUY3cKOH apMl111 6ecnpen TcTBeHHo 3aKOHlIHTb MO-
6HJIH3aUHIO H lI,BHHYTb 60JIbIllYlO apMHIO K 6eJIbrl1HCKOH rpa-
HI1[(e, HMnepaTOp BHJIbreJIbM c eJIaJI nOlIbITKY CKJIOHl1.Tb KO-
pOJI5I Anb6epTa K 3aKJIIOlIeHHIO MHpa. KOpOJlb Anb6epT OTBepr
npC JIO)l(eHH}I repMaIlCKoro I1paBHTeJIbCTBa H 06paTHJIC5I K 3a-
Il(HTHHKaM JIbeJKa: He3aBHCHMOCTH HarneH CTpaHbI yrpo)Ka-
eT onaCHOCTb. Ho 51 BceQeJIO nOJIaraIOCb Ha BaIllH IIOJIKH. 51 BaM
JtOBep 1O 3TI1 3HaMcna, CHMBOJIbI He3aBHCHMOCTI1 CTpaHbI, 11
npl1.rJIaIllaIO nOJIKI1 CnJIOTHTbC BOKpyr HI1X... 51 BCC[(eJIO npe-
aH HailleH npeKpacHoH Hal 110HaJIbHOM apMI1I1. L{YIllOH 11 cep-
QeM 51 C BaMH!
ABaHrap bI KaBaJIepHMCKoro Kopnyca Q>OH MapBHua I1e-
peXO 51T Maac. HaqaTO 06JIO)KeHMe JIbe)Ka H 06CTpeJI ero <pop-
TOB 210-MM apTHJIJIepHeH. fepMaHCKHe BoeHHbIe npHrp03HJIH
paapyrnHTb ropo 60M6ap HpOBKaMH, eCJIH <pOpTbI He CJIOJKaT
opYJKHe.
I1cpeJ.{O BbIe repMaHCKI1e pa3'bC3 bI n05lBMJIHCb no HaMIOpOM.
· AJlb6cpT 1(1875-1934) - KOpOJlb DCJlbr111i C 1908 r.
46
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80U1lbl
B 3TOT lteHb repMaHCKMH l.{enneJlMH Z- VI rrpOM3BeJl pa3-
BeltKY M 6oM6apltMpoBKY KperrOCTH JIbe)K.
113 3anMCOK OqeBHJJ;l.{a * Oca.n:bI JIbeiKa: OltMH MHl.{MJ{eHT, pa-
u
3bIrpaBlIIMMC5I B CaMOM Haqane, CBMJ{eTeJlbCTBYeT 0 TOM, KaKMM
06pa30M CJlaraIOTC5I JlereHJJ;bI B OCaJK.ZI;eHHbIX fOpOltax. MOH COCelt
T. rrpH6eiKaJI K HaM M paCCKa3aJI 0 BMJ{eHHOH MM rrepecTpeJlKe
Me)I(JJ.Y l.{errrreJIMHOM M <pOPTaMM, 0 TOM, KaK 06CTpeJIHBaJIH uen-
neJlMH C aaporrJlaHa H KaK rrpoM301IIeJl B3pbIB. OH caM BMlteJI, qTO
aapolIJIaH -oCTaJIC5I HeBpeltHM. HecKOJlbKO HelteJlb crrYCT5I 51 rrpo-
lIeJl B fa3eTe "TaHMC" OrrMCaHMe TOfO JKe CJlYlIIDI.oo KoppecnOH-
eHT "TaHMC" BHJ{eJI ltBYX 6eJlbfHHCKMX Jle'NMKOB, KOTOpbIX crrcp-
sa 06cTpeJl5lJla fepMaHCKM aBHal.{H5I, a rrOTOM BCJIe,n; 3a HeH Ii 06a
<popTa, rrpMH5IB I1X 3a Herrpl151TeJIbCKMX aBMaTopOB .
3lteCb JlI060rrbITHa rrYTaHMl.{a, xapaKTepM3YIOIl{a HalIaJIO
BoeHHbIX lteHCTBMH. I1 pOJleTeBlIIHH rrpeJK,n;e BcefO C ueJlbIO pa3-
BeltKI1 fepMaHCKHM uerrrreJlMH Z- VI oT60M6HJI KperrOCTb JIbeiK
I1ltOCTaTOlIHO 6bICTpO CKpbIJlC 113 fJla3, lIT06bI MHOfMM He rro-
Ka3aTbC5I MMpaJKOM. Ee3pe3Y JlbTaTHbIH M 6ecrrOp5lltOlIHbIH 06-
CTpeJl a3pOrrJlaHOB (KaK CBOMX TaK M qY)KMX) TaKiKe 51BJI JlC
HaM60Jlee xapaKTepHoM qepTOH BoeHHbIX lteHCTBI1H 3TMX ltHeH.
HeYltMBMTeJlbHO, lITO ltBa C06bITM5I, rrpOM30IIIeltllIMX rrpMMep-
HO B O,n;HO M TO jKe BpeM5I, CrrJleJlMCb B B036YiKlteHHOM M03fY
rrpOCTOfO lIeJlOBeKa B OltHO l.{eJloe.
q TO KaCaeTC5I 6eJlbfMHCKI1X JleTlIMKOB, TO CJleltyeT OTMe-
TMTb, lITO Y EeJlbfl1M rrpaKTl1lIeCKI1 He 6bIJlO CBoeH aBMal.{HI1, C
6eJlbfl1MCKOM CTOpOHbI rrpMHMMaJIM yqaCTMe B BoeHHbIX ,n;eM-
CTBI151X B OCHOBHOM <ppaHQY3CKl1e JleTlIHKM.
113 rJlaBHOH KBapTMpbI feHepaJIbHOfO <PpaHUY3CKoro lIITa-
6a: I1apHJK, 5 aBrycTa, 7 1I. 20 Moo.
1. <1>paHUY3CKMM CaMOJleTaM M JJ:Mpl1iKa6J151M pa3pellieHO
JleTaTb Hau: 6eJlbfMMCKOM TeppMTopHeH. Ho TaK KaK eIl{e Bqepa
6eJlbfl1MCKI1e BOMcKa MMeJlM rrpI1Ka3 CTpeJl51Tb rro BC5IKOMY B03-
YllIHOMY Kopa6J1IO, 11 KOHTprrpMKa3 MOiKeT 6bITb eIl{e He 113Be-
CTeH BceM, He06xoltl1MO, lIT06bI HalIIl1 rrMJlOTbI JleTaJIH ,l.(oCTa-
TOtIHO BbICOKO.oo
BepXOB HbIH f JlaBHOKOMaHltYIOIl{I1M )l(o<p<pp .
· OLfCBHJlCll - "P0ctJcccop JIhC:>KCKOrO Y"HI3CpCHTCTa IloJlb raMCJII-IYC.
1914 zoa
47
IIacJle nOJlYHOqH 3aB.R3aJIHCb 60H 3a KpenOCTb JIbe:>K. Oc-
HOBHoe OCTpHe aTa,KH 6bIJIO HaUeJleHO Ha HaHMeHee (KaK 3TO
nOKa3aJIOCb C B03,l(yxa) 3all.{Hll.{eHHbIH ceKTOp Me)K,l(Y p. YpT 11
p.' Me3. 13 TbIC. repMaHueB 6pOCHJIHCb B aTaKY npH JlYHHOM
'cBeTe, HO HX BCTpeTI1JI y6HHcTBeHHbIH orOHb C maHl.{eB H 3ar-
pa)f(,l(eHI1M. B npe,l(paCCBeTHoM 'i'YMane repManCKM apMI1.R no-
neCJIa nepBble nOTepH - OKOJIO nOJlKa neXOTbI, paCCTpeJl.RHHOH
M3 MI1TpaJIbe3 <f>OPTOB*'.
EeJIbrI1HCKasI'apMH.R 3aKOHQHJIa CBoe pa3BepTbIBaHI1e paHb-
me .ztpyrHx COI03HbIX apMHH H K 3TOMY ,l(HIO pacnOJIaraJIaCb Bce-
MI1 CBOI1MH CHJI MH B TpeyroJlbllHKe npIOCCeJlb - JIbe)f( -
HaMIOp. rJIaBHble CHJlbl 3aH.RJlH patioH JIIOBeH - BaBp - Tl1p-
JIeMOH - TIepBe3; KaBaJIepl1HCKasI ,l(I1BH3M.R paCnOJlO)f(HJlaCb
Bnepe,l(H 3Toro paHOHa y BapTeMa. 06Il{ee "II1CJlO 6eJIbr1-U1CKHX
BOHCK J{OCTl1raJIO 175 TbIC. tJeJIOBeK (113 HI1X B nOJIeBbIX BOti-
CKax 117 TbIC.).
7 a8zycma - )l(I1TeJII1 JIbe)f(a np qYTC.R B nO,l(BaJIaX CBOI1X
,l(OMOB OT repMaHCKHX 60M6ap,l(l1pOBOK, np0I13BO,l(HMbIX JJ.aJIb-
H060HHOH apTHJIJIepl1eH. B HOqb npOI1CXO.ztHT npopbIB K Jlbe-
)f(y 14-H 6pl1ra,l(bI (rro,l( PYKOBO,ltCTBOM JllO,l(eH,l(Opcpa) B npo-
Me)KYTKe Me)K,l(y cpopTaMI1.
neJIbrl1HCKasI apMI1.R Ha"ll1HaeT OTXO,l(. JIbeJK Kanl1T)'JIl1py-
eT. HaQHHaeTC.R 3axBaT cpOpTOB 11 MOCTOB Qepe3 Maac H YpT.
<I>aKTl1tJeCK I1 yrp03a repMaHCKoro KOMaHJ.{OBalIl1.R Cpa60TaJIa.
· KpcIlOCTbJIbC)K6b1Jla nocTpoclla311aMcIIHTbiM 6CJlbrHMCKHM ROCJlllblM HII-
)KCIICpOM rCllcpaJlOM EpHaJlbMOIIO'M MC)KJlY 1880 H 1892 IT, QHa I1MCJla 12
<POPTOB (110 6 lIa Ka)KJlOM 6cpcry Maaca), 0 IIpCJlCJlaX <p<>pToBoro 1I0Hca lIa
Maacc 6blJI0 13 MOCTon. <I>OpTbl IIpCJlCTaRJUIJIH C060H cOOJlyaTblC 6CTOlillbiC
IIOCTpoliKH C IIpHKpblTblMH 6poilcH HJIH paCIlOJIO)KCllllbIMH 00 npalilalOlllHX-
Cff 6pOllCBbiX 6alllluix 0pYJlIUIMH. BOOPY)KCllbl OIiH 6blJIH 0pYJlH MH TpCX oc-
1I0BllbiX KaJIH6poR: LfCTblpbMH 120-MM, Jll3YMH 150-MM H Jll3YMH 210-MM, CPC-
JUt KOTOpblX 11MCJIHCb H JlaJlbllo6oHllblC. KpoMC Toro, KaJKJlbJH <PoPT 6blJI 80-
0PY)KCII YCTblpbMH 'CKOpOCTpcJlbll blMH 57 -MM IJYJlI KaMH, II pcJlIla311aYCilii blMIJ
JUIH <pJlallKHponallHH PBOB"H IIYJICMCTaMH IlJlH OTpa)KCIIHH IICXOTbl.
9JlIiaKO 110 YCJlOnH M conpcMcllliOH BOI1I1bl, YKPCII'JICIIHH caMoro JIbC)Ka
IIpa THlICCKH HC HI3JIHJIHCb IIpcrpaJlOH JlJlH BCJII1KOJICilli0 opralHI3013allilOH H
HOJlIIOH CHJ( IICMCllKOii DOC II 110" MalllHllbl. KpoMC 1'01'0, I1CCMOTpH lIa BCC YCH-
JHUI 6CJlbnll'icKHX BOClillbIX, IICMCllKHC IIlIlHOllbl IIPH IIOMOlIlH (l>oToaliliapa-
TOB II a131-1alU1H JlaBIiO YTOLfIUIJUI paCIIOJI0)KCII11C UCCX YKPCIIJICIIU t nOCTOYIIO-
1"0 <t>op II OCTa DCJI b I'M I, .
48
A8Ual{UR BeJlu'Kou 80Ullbl
OCHOBHM qaCTb peMeCJIeHHOrO HaCeJIeHH5I JIbe)Ka He BH,n:eJIa
CMbICJIa HH B BOHHe, HH B corrpOTHBJIeHMM. IIpOCTbIe rOpO)l(aHe
)l(aJIOBaJIHCb, qTO JIaH c06aK, 06yqaeMbIX no HOqaM .n:OCTaBJI5ITb
nYJIeMeTbI H rrpOBH3MIO Ha rr03H HM, a TaIOKe CTpeJIb6a H pa3-
pbIBbI MernaIOT HM crrOKOHHO cnaTb.
fepMaHCKHe BOHCKa 3aHHMalOT ropo,n JIbe)K 11 6epYT rro,n:
KOHTpOJIb nepenpaBbI. )KeJIe3Ho,n:op0)l(HbIH MOCT qepe3 Maac
OCTaJIC5I UCJI. EeJIbrMHUbI OTBO,n5lT BOHCKa C npaBoro 6epera
Maaca. <DOpTbI JIbe)l(a M30JIHpOBaHbI OT nOJIeBOH apMHH.
fepMaHCKHe O<pHuepbI Be,nYT ce651 no,nqepKHYTO Be)l(JIHBO,
YBep5l , tITO He c06HpaIOTC5I BoeBaTb C EeJIbrMeH H rrpOM,n:YT
qepe3 CTpaHY, He rrpMqHHHB eM Bpe,n:a.
113 rrHCbMa <ppaHUY3CKoro MHHHCTpa t{YMepra rrpe3H,l1eH-
TY <DpaHUHH IIyaHKape: fOCIIO,nHH rrpe3HJJ;eHTI B MOMeHT,
Kor,n:a fepMaHH5I, npOH3BOJIbHO HapYillaH npH3HaHHbIH Me)l(,n;y-
napo,n:HbIMH ,norOBopaMH HeHTpaJIHTeT OeJIbrMH, He rrOKOJIe-
6aJIaCb COBeprnMTb HarneCTBHe na 6eJIbrHHCKYIO TeppHTopHIO,
ropo,ny JIbe)l(Y, npM3BaHHOMY B nepBYIO O'lepe,nb BOHTH B CO-
npHKOCHOBeHMe C repMaHCKHMM BOHCKaMH, y,naJIOCb B HepaB-
HOM H repOHqeCKOM 6010 OTpa3HTb BToprmYIOC5I B CTpaHY ap-
MHIO. 3TOT 6JIeCT5IIUHH BoeHHbIH ycrrex YCTaHaBJIHBaeT ,nJI5I
OeJIbrHH, H B oc06eHHocTH ,nJI5I ropo,na JIbe)Ka, npaBO Ha CJIaBY,
KOTOPYIO <ppaHUY3cKOMY npaBHTeJIbCTBY rrpHJIMqeCTByeT YBe-
KOBetIHTb, ,napY51 ropo,ny JIbe)l(Y op.n:eH IIoqeTHoro JlerI10Ha...
113BeCTHbIH <ppaHUY3cKHH KoppeCrrOHJJ;eHT M3 JIHoHa fap-
no 3aKaHqHBaeT CBOIO CTaTbIO 0 EeJIbrMH CJIe,nYIOIUHMH CJIO-
BaMH: <DepMOnHJIbI rrOCJIe JIereH,napHO:H 3all!MTbI JIbeJKa-
HHqTO, H60 JIbe)l(CKaJI 3arnMTa 6bIJIa rrJIOTHHO:H, c.n:ep)l(HBaB-
llIeH Hanop repMaHCKHX rrOJIqHll{ Ha eBponeHcKYIO UHBI1JIH3a-
UHIO .
Ho JIbe)l( nM. BOHBa OXBaTbIBaJIa Bce 60JIbUlMe H 60JIb-
Illl1e TCppHTOpHH. Ee .l{eHCTBMe pa3BOpaqHBaJIOCb rrepBOHaqaJIb-
HO Ha ,nBYX OCHOBHbIX TeaTpax:
1) Ha 3anan;e EBpOI1bI (noHaqaJIY BC5I nOJIoca MeCTHOCTH
B,l10JIb rpaHMUbI fepMaHHH C DeJIbrMeH M <I>paHUMeH, a 3aTeM 11
BC5I ceBepO-BOCTOqHM qaCTb <DpaHUMI1). 3TOT TeaTp BOHHbI,
pacKHHYBlllI1HC5I 1\fe)K,ny CeBepHbIM MopeM H IIIBeHuapMei1,
1914 lOa
49
HMeJI 06myIO npOT.SI)KeHHOCTb B 700 KM; 400 KM no rpaHI1IJ.e
fepMaHHH C EeJIbrHeH OT MOp.SI L(O JIoHrBH H 300 KM cppaHIJ.Y3-
cKo-repMaHcKoH rpaHHIJ.bI. 3TO - <DpaHIJ.Y3CKI1H I1JII1 3anaa-
1l0e8pOneUC'Kuu meamp BoeHHblX L(eMcTBHH;
2) Ha BOCTOKe EBponbI; CHatIaJIa B MaHeapeHHbIH nepl10L{
BOHHbI, BC.SI nOJIoca MeCTHOCTI1 BL{OJIb rpaHHIJ.bI POCCHH C rep-
MaHHeH H ABCTpO- BeHrpI1eH, a 3aTeM npeI1MymecTBeHHo BC}!
npI1rpaHI1tIHaJI 3ana.n:HaJI nOJIoca POCCl1H. 3TO - PYCCKH [;'1 I1JIH
Bocm01lflOe6pOneUC'Kuu meamp BoeH HbIX .a:eHCTBI-U1.
Bo061ue BOHHa OXBaTHJla 33 CTpaHbI, B Hee 6bIJIO BT HYTO
cnbIllie nOJIYTopa MHJIJIl1apLlOB lJeJIOBCK. BooPY)f(eIlHa5I 60pb-
6a BeJIaCb MHOrOMHJIJIUOHHbIMH apMI1.HMI1, OCHaU.leHHb[MI1 pa3-
Ho06pa3HoH TexHHKoH Ha Tpex MaTepI1Kax: B EBpone, A3HI1 11
Acppl1Ke. TeaTpaMH BoeHHbIX LleHcTBHH, HMeBIllHMI1 MeHee Ba)K-
Hoe 3HatIeHI1e, 6bIJIH A3I1aTCKO- TypeUKHH, HTaJIb.HHCKl1H, Ea.n-
KaHCKHH; He60JIbIllYIO pOJIb I1rpaJIH OTL{aJIeHHbIe KOJIOHHaJIb-
Hble pai-ioHbI B Acppl1Ke, OKeaHHI1 H BOCTOtIHOH A3HH. TaKJKe
BoeHHble .n:eHCTBH.H pa3BepHY JII1Cb Ha OKeanax H MHorHX MO-
p.HX. HaH60JIee aKTHBHO OHI1 BeJIHCb Ha CenepHOM Mope, B
CeBepO-BOCTOtIHOH tIaCTH ATJIaUTHllCCKoro OKcaHa, B CpeL(H-
3eMHOM, EaJITHHCKOM, qepHoM, EapenIJ.eaOM H DeJIOM MOp.HX.
OL(HaKO rJIaBHbIMH TeaTpaMH .HBJI.HJII1Cb Bce )Ke <I>paHI Y3-
CKHM H PYCCKHM, 11 I1MeHHO C06bITI1.SI, rrpOHCXOL(.Hll1I1e Ha no-
JIHX EBponbI 11 C HenpeMeHHbIM YtIaCTl1eM lleTblpex OCHOBlIbIX
fHraHTOB npeJKL(e Bcero OKaJaJII1 peliIalOlUee BJIH.HHHe He TOJIb-
KO Ha rrepeL(eJI MHpa, HO H Ha CTaHOBJIeHI1e aBl1aUHH KaK HOBO-
fO pOLla opY)KM:.H. Il03TOMY npeJKlte Bcero HMeHHO np0I1CxO,lU1B-
lIIHe B EBpone C06bITI1.H H 6y,neM Mbl paCCMaTpI1BaTb L(aJIec.
C nepBbIX JKe L(HeH 3Toro MeC.Hua BCTynHJIa B BOMHY YI
<I>paHIJ.HH.
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cppaHUY3CKI1H a3pOLlpOM, HaXOLl.HIl1HHC51 y rpaHI1IJ.bI 3JIb3aCa B
KpenOCTH HaHcI1. <DpaHIJ.Y3cKHe aBHapa3BeL(llHKH, HeCMOTp.H
Ha perYJIHpllbIH 06JIeT 110 ceKTopaM oKpecTHOCTeil, lie CMOrJIH
o6HapYJKI1Tb npH6JIHJKeHHH Bpara; uerrneJIHHbI B03HHKJIH co-
BeplIleHHO HeO)KI1L(aHIIO.
113 nocnOMHHalluti KOMaIll{l1pa 20-ro cppaHIJ.Y3CKoro Kopny-
50
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80Ull'bl
ca reHepaJIa CepBeHTa: B 14.25 co CTOpOHbI AppaKypa nO BI1-
JII1Cb 2 u;enneJII1Ha, BMeCTI1MOCTblO Ha rJIa3 11.0 28 TbIC. Ky6. MeT-
pOB. ,l!ep)KaCb Ha BbICOTe 1500-1000 M, OHI1 CKOpO OKa3aJII1Cb Hat{
I-IaHcl1. B 14.30 pa3l1.aJIOCb HeCKOJIbKO OrJIYllIHTeJIbHbIX B3pbIBOB...
C npaBWIbHOCTbIO apTI1JIJIepl1HCKOH cTpeJIb6bI u;enneJII1HbI 6po-
CI1JII1 60M6bI: 2 na BOK3aJI, 6 Ha aBl1anapK, 3 Ha KaJapMbI, K cqac-
TbIO, nYCTbIe B 3TOT qac... ATaKa ,lUIWIaCb Bcero 4 MI1HyrbI... CHa-
P l1.bI 90-100 Kr. Tpoe 113 HaIllHX TOBapl1meM norn6JII1...
KpenOCTHOM aBl1aU;110HHbIM OTp 11. TYJI , paCnOJIO)KeHHbJ:H
B 20 KM OT HaHCI1, I1MelOll.{I1M B CBoeM pacnOp )KeHI1I1 6611nJIa-
HOB BJIepl1o, nOJIyqaeT 3at{aqy HaHeCTI1 OTBeTHbIM Y l1.ap.
4 6l1nJIaHa 6bIJI11 HeMe,lUleHHO OTnpaBJIeHbI K Meu;y C npl1-
Ka3aHHe 1 B30pBaTb repMaHCKI1M aBl1aU;110HHbIM napK BO cDpac-
KaTI1. 2 a3pOnJIaHa C npl1Ka3aHl1eM pa3pYIlll1Tb )KeJIe3HOI1.0p0)K-
HbIe MOCTbI 11 TOHHeJIb Ha MarI1CTpaJI X CTpac6ypr - Meu,
I<apJIcPY3 - MeIl, a TalOKe cTpaTerWIeCKl1ll )KeJIe3HOI1.0p0)KHbIM
Y3eJI, pacnOJIO)KeHHbIM B Meu;e, C u;eJIbIO 3al1.ep)KaTb np0I1.BI1)Ke-
Hl1e repMaHCKI1X BOMCK Ha 3TI1X HanpaBJIeHI1 x. ABl1aTOpbI BbI-
JIeTaIOT B 3a):1aHHbIX HanpaBJIeHI1 X, BoopY)KeHHble TOJIbKO JIHq-
HbiM 0pY)Kl1eM 11 JIerKI1MI1 <pyracHbIMI1 60M6aMI1, KOTopbIe HY)K-
HO 6pocaTb t.Jepe3 60pT BpyqHYIO. B HaqaJIe I1epBoH Ml1pOBOM
BOHHbI <ppaHU;Y3cKaJI aBl1aU;l1 npHMeH5IJIa I1.JI c6pacbIBaHH5I C
CaMOJIeTa nepe):1eJIaHHbIe apTI1JIJIepl1MCKl1e CHap ):1bI KaJIH6pa OT
75 11.0 155 MM. ,l!JI YCTOH'lII1BOCTH B nat{eHI1I1 K CHap l1.aM I1pl1-
KpenJI JIC cTa6I1JIH3aTOp. Ho 3TH nepBbIe cppaHU;Y3CKl1e aBHa-
I\HOHIIbIC 60M6bI He OTBeqaJIl1 Tpe60BaHI1 M B0311.YIllHoro 60M-
60MeTalIH . YCTOMQI1BOCTb 60M6bI 6bIJIa HeI1.0CTaTOQHa, OqeHb
QaCTO 01111 nat{aJIl1 60KOM, H nOSTOMY B3pbIBaTeJIH He l{eHCTBO-
BaJIH. B JtaJlbHeMIlleM M CHap )KeHI1 60M6, nepe):1eJIaHHbIX 113
CHap5l.ll.0B, 6bIJI CKOHCTpYl1pOBaH cneU;l1aJIbHbIH B3pbIBaTeJIb,
J{eHCTBOBaBlllHii npH Yl1.ape 60M6bI 0 3eMJIIO JII060H CTOpOHOit
L{pyroro BoopY)KeHH5I JIeTQI1KH ell.{e He HMeJII1. I1paBl1.a, KO-
1aH.ll.l1p :JTOM 3CKa,n:pHJIbl1, JIeHTeHaHT Cen-,BpH, yrBep)f(l1.aJI, 'liTO
}fa ero aSpOnJIalIe y)Ke B nepBbIH l1.eHb BOMllbI 6bIJI YCTaHOBJleH
UYJIeMeT. O HaKO l1.aJIee OH paCCKa3bIBaeT, QTO eMY npI1IllJIOCb,
XOT5I Ii C COJKaJIeHl1eM, CH Tb nYJIeMeT C 60pTa BO BpeM nepBO-
ro )Ke 60CBoro BbIJIeTa 113-3a B03HHKIllHX np06JIeM C MOTOpOM.
1914 lOa
51
"'<I>paHUH5I paaOpBaJIa ,n:HllJIOMaTHqeCKHe OTHOllIeHH5I C rep-
MaHHeH H HaqaJIa HacTynaTeJIbHbIe OnepaUHM B BepXHeM 3JIb-
3aCe (MIOJIbraY3eHCKasi OnepaUH ). TaKJKe pa3BepHYTO HacTyrr-
JIeHHe 21-ro <ppaHUY3CKOrO Kopnyca B Bore3ax.
<I>paHUY3CKHM: nJIaH BOHHbI HMeJI naCCHBHO- BbDKH,n:aTeJIb-
HbIM XapaKTep. C 06'b5lBJIeHHeM BOHHbI npe,n:rrOJIaraJIOCb nHaqa-
JIe BbI5IBHTb HaMepeHH5I npOTHBHHKa, a 3aTeM, ManenpHpY51 CH-
JIaMH B TOM HJIH HHOM yrpO)KaeMOM HanpaBJIeHHH, HaHeCTI1 eMY
pelIIHTeJIbHOe nOpajl(eHHe*. COrJIaCHO 3TOMY rrJIaHY CHJIbI <ppaH-
UY30B pa3BepTbIBaJIHCb B ,n:BYX 311IeJIOHax. ITepBbIH 3lIIeJIOH CO-
CT05lJI H3 Tpex rpynn: npaBoe KpbIJIO, JIeBOe KpbIJIO 11 UCHTp.
ITpaBoe KpbIJIO B COCTaBe 1- I H 2-H apMHM pa3BepTbIBaJIOCb na
<ppOHTe BeJIb<pOp - HaHCH C 3a,n:aQeH HacTynaTb rJIaBHbIMH CH-
JIaMH B JIoTapHHrHIO H qaCTbIO CHJI - B 3JIb3ac. JIeBoe KpbIJIO B
COCTaBe 5-H apMHH pa3BepTbIBaJIOCb Ha <ppOHTe MOHMe,n:11 -
Me3bep C ,n:BO KOH 3a,n:aQeH - HacTynaTb B BeJIbrHHCKHH JIIOK-
ceM6ypr, eCJIH HeMUbI npe,n:npI1M)'T HacTynJIeHHe t.Iepe3 BeJlb-
rHIO, HJIM Ha ):{H,n:eHrO<peH - JlIOKceM6ypr, eCJIH HeHTpaJIHTeT
BeJIbrHH He 6y,n:eT HapYllieH. IJ.eHTpa.TIbHaH rpynna B COCTane 3-H
apMHH pa3BepTbIBaJIaCb B paHOHe Bep,l1eHa. OHa 51BJI5IJIaCb CB5I-
3YIOlltHM 3BeHOM MejK,l{y JJ;BYM5I <pJIaHrOBbIMH aKTHBHbIMH rpyrr-
nHpOBKaMH (npaBOH H JIeBOH) H HMeJIa 3a,n:aqeH 6JIOKHpOBaTb
KpenOCTb Meu. BTOpOH 311IeJIOH B COCTaBe 4-H apMI1H cocpeJJ;o-
TOQHBaJIC5I B paHOHe Bap- JIe- ):{IOK. 3TO 6bIJI pe3epB, KOTOpbIH, B
3aBHCMMOCTH OT 06CTaHOBKH, npeJJ;Ha3HaqaJIC JJ:JI5I YCHJIeHI1
apMHH JIH60 rrpaBoro, JIH60 JIeBOrO KpbIJIa.
qTO KaCaeTC5I BoeHHO-B03lJ;YIlIHbIX CHJI <DpcmUHH, TO 3lJ;eCb,
HeCMOTp51 Ha Bce rrpeJJ;bIJJ:YlI.{He ycrrexH, y Hee nOKa BHoro rre-
peBeca Bce jl(e He 6bIJIO. K Hat.IaJIY BOHHbI OHa HMeJIa B CTpOIO
TOJIbKO 138 a3pOrrJIaHOB, B OCHOBHOM Hblonop-11 11 <Dap-
MaH-16 H 22 . OlJ;HaKO B nepBbIe jl(e JJ;HM Bo h-IbI 370 qaCT-
HbIX nHJIOTOB co CBOHMH cnopTHBHbIMH MallIHHaMH 3Hat.IHTCJIb-
no YBeJIMqH JIM qMCJIeHHOCTb B03JJ;YIlIHoro <pJIOTa <DpaHUHI1, liTO
· <I>pallllY3CKHH IIJlall BOHllbl 3a N2 17 6bIJI OKOIlLfaTCJlbllO YTBCp)f(JlCIi CIlIC
15 allpCJUI 1914 r. OJlllaKO rJIaBIiOKOMallJlYlolllHH q)pallllY JCK() i apMHcH rc-
IICpaJl IKo<p<pp rOBOpHJI, LfTO IIJIallOM KaMliallHH jIBJI}lCTCfI OCIIOBllaH IiJlCfI,
KOTOpCUI BblllalJlHBaCTCJI D rOJIODC rJIaOllOI<OMallJlY'Olilcro, 110 IIC 3aIlCLfaTJIC-
BaCTCjI IIHChMCIIIIO.
S2
A8uau.UR BellUKOU 80U1tbl
n03BOJIHJIO cppaHUY3CKOMY KOMaHJJ;OBaHHIO B nepBble iKe JJ;HM
BOHHbl pa3BepHYTb BJJ;OJIb BCerO cppOHTa elIte 2S aBHaOTpHJJ;OB.
4 a8zycma - ITocJIe OTKa3a repMaHHH coxpaHHTb HeHTpaJIH-
TeT BeJIbrHH, K POCCHH H cDpaHUHI1 npl1CoeJJ;HHMJIaCb AnrJIHH.
TaHMc: MbI BCTynaeM B BOHHY, B KOTOpyIO MbI BbIHY)KJJ;e-
IIbI BMemaTbCH, KaK 3alItHTHHKH CJIa6bIX H 60PUbI 3a CB060JJ;Y
EBponbI .
113 BbIcTynJIeHHH aHrJIHMCKOro npeMbep-MI1HHCTpa ACK-
BHTa* Ha CocToHBmeHcH 27 aBrYCTa ACCaM6JIee: MbI 6bIJIH
CB 3aHbI 06H3aTeJIbCTBaMH, npHHY)KJJ;aIOIItHMH Hac 06eCrrelJH-
BaTb H nOlJ.l(ep)KHBaTb MaJIeHbKOe, HeHTpcuIbHoe rocY.lI.apCTBO -
BeJIbrHIO, KOTOpOM yrp0)KaJIa onaCHOCTb...
AHfJIHHCKHH rrJIaH BOHHbI CBOJJ;HJICH K paaBepTbIBaHHIO BO
<DpaHUHH (B paMoHe JIe-KaTo, M06ejf(, [HpCOH) He60JIbllIOM
3KcneJJ;HUHoHHOH apMHH C ueJIblO caMOCTOHTeJIbHbIX JJ;eHcTBHH
BJJ;OJIb MopcKoro rr06epejf(bH * * .
BpMTaHcKM B03t{YIlIHM cJIY)K6a Ha S aBrycTa COCTOHJIa H3
MopcKoro KpbIJIa (Naval Wing), H3BeCTHoro nOt{ HHHUHaJIa-
MH RNAS (Royal Naval Air Service - KOpOJIeBCKM MOpCKM
B03JJ;YllIHaH CJIY)K6a), BoeHHoro KpbIJIa (Military Wing), H3-
BeCTHoro nOJJ; HHHl{HaJIaMH RFC (Royal Flying Corps - Ko-
pOJIeBCKHH JIeTHbIH Kopnyc) H IJ.eHTpaJIbHOM JIeTHoH llIKO-
JIbI (Central Flying School).
MopcKoe KpbIJIO, nOJJ;BeJJ;OMCTBeHHoe AJJ;MHpaJITeMcTBY,
3aKJIIOlJaJIO B ce6e OTpHJJ; .lI.HpH)Ka6JIeti, HeJJ;aBHO B3HTbIX H3
BoeHlIoro KpbIJIa, 3 aBHaUHOHHbIX H 1 fHJJ;pOaBHaUHoHHbIH OT-
pHJJ;bl C 061ItHM KOJIHlJeCTBOM B 93 a3pOnJIaHa. BoeHHoe KpbI-
JIO, nOJJ;BeJJ;OMCTBeHHoe BoeHHoMY MHHHCTepCTBY, COCTOHJIO H3
4 aBHaUHOHHbIX OTpHJJ;OB C 061ItHM KOJIHlJeCTBOM B 179 a3po-
IIJIanOB. JIeTHbIH COCTaB 060HX KpbIJIbeB BMeCTe B3HTbIX - 197
ocpHuepoB H 1647 JJ;pyrHx lJHHOB.
no 06'bHBJIeHHH BOHHbI RNAS CcpOpMHpOBaJIa HeCKOJIbKO
J1.06aBOlJHbI X OTpHJJ;OB, JJ;Ba H3 KOTOpbIX 6bIJlH nOCJIaHbI B BeJIb-
* ACKIUtT fCp6CPT fCllpH (1852-1928) - rpacp o KC<f>oPJl. B 1908-1916 rr.
IlpCMbCp-MMIIHCTp BCJIHK06pHTaIIHH.
** EpHTalicKoc IJOCIlIiOC PYKOBOJlCTBO, XOTjI H IIC OTKa3blBaJIO COl0311HKaM B
BOCIIIIOH 1I0MOlIlH, OJlllaKO, IICCMOTpH IIa Dce 3allpOChi (t>pallltY3cKoro BOCII-
1101'0 KOl\laIlJlODallH5t, IIC JlaBa.JIO IIHI,aKHX KOIIKpCTllhlX o6clIlaliHi-L
1914 lOa
53
rH19 C MOpCKOM: ltHBH3HeH .lL7UI 3arn:HTbI AHTBeprreHa. Bcero BPH-
TaHH$I HaCqHTbIBaJIa K 3TOMY MOMeHTY 272 a3pOnJIaHa. KpoMe
Toro, K HaqaJIY BOHHbI BoeHHoe BelJ;OMCTBO BpHTaHHH pacnoJIa-
raJIO lJ;BYM$I cTapbIMH lJ;HpH)Ka6JI$lMH BeTa>.> H faMMa>.> H 0lJ;-
HHM lJ;HpH)Ka6JIeM IIapce<paJIb», KynJIeHHbIM B fepMaHHH.
ABCTpH$I npH3HaJIa 3aKJIIOqeHHbIH C TYPUHeH lJ;OrOBOp, H
reHepaJI JIHMaH <pon CaHlJ;epC, rJIaBa rcpMaHCKOM: BoeHHoH
MHCCHH, C 6apOHOM <pOH BaiIreHreHMoM H repMaHCKI1M nOCJIan-
HHKOM B TYPUHH ClJ;eJIaJIH nonbITKY CKJIOHHTb IIopTY K HeMeJ{-
JIeHHoMY 061>$IBJIeHHIO BOHHbI POCCHH.
3"'$1 <ppaHUY3cKa$l 3CKa,u,pHJIbH, BnOCJIelJ;CTBHH lIa3BaHHaH
3CKa.n;pHJIbeH rHHHeMepa, nocTynHJla B pacnOp$l)KeHHe l{eHTpa
B03lJ;YIlIHoro Ha6JIIOlJ;eHH$I HalJ; BeJIbcpopoM. 3CKa.n;PM:JIb$l C 3TO-
ro lJ;H$I npHcTynHJIa K BblnOJIHeI-lHIO nepBbIX 60eBblx 3a.n;aHHM
no B03lJ;YIlIHOH pa3BelJ;Ke CepHe$l, MIOJIbraY3ena, JIoppaxa,
AJIbTKl1pXeHa.
5 a8zgcma - <1>panU:Y3cKHH BoeHHbIH JICTqHI< 3-H 3CKa.n;-
pHJIbl1 lJ;e Cepp, BbInOJIH$lSI 60eBoe 3alJ;aHl1e no pa3BCJ1.Ke rep-
MaHCKHX n03HQHH, BnepBbIe nepeJIeTeJI Ha caoeM BJIepHO qC-
pe3 PeHH Ha BbICOTe 1200 M.
B ,l{aplJ;aHeJIJIaX 4 H 5 aBrYCTa BHYTPH npOJIHBOB 6bIJIH no-
CTaBJIeHbI ,l{Ba pSllJ;a MHH, H M0611JIH30Bana pacnOJIO)KeHHaH B
paHoHe raJIJIl1nOJII1 9-SI neXOTHa5IlJ;HBH3H$I 3cca.n;-nalllH*.
· I1lrrcpccllo OTMCTJ-ITb, 41'0, IlaltHllafi C 5 anrYCTa, POCCHH CTaJia JlOJIYLfaTh
OT TYPllHH 0 JIHllC 3111JCp-lIa1liH lIacToi1Lf llJbIC H IICOJllIOKpaTllhlC :iaocpCIIIHI,
ltTO TYPIlHH II H C KCM IIC CIJ 3alla. EOJICC 1'01'0, C CC CTOpOIl hi IIOCTYIIHJJ H Jla)KC
II pc/1J10)KCIi HH IIpCJlOCTa8HTb B paCIlOpfl)f(CIl HC PYCCKoro KOMallJloOalJ Hfi TY-
PCllKY'O apMHIO Jl.TIH HCIIOJlb30BailiHI CC II CBOHX IlCJlflX . B TO )KC IJpCMfI 2
aBrycTa MC)f(JlY TYPllHCH H fcpMall Hcti 6bIJI II OIL II Hcall JlPY)KCCTOCIlIl bl H TpaK-
TaT, CYllllIOCTb KOToporo COCTOflJla B TOM, LfTO, C06JIIOJlafi IICHTpaJI HTCT, Typ-
11HfI, B CJIYLfac nooPY)f(ClJlloro BMClIIaTCJlbCTOa POCCHH IJ anCTpo-ccp6CKHH
KOllq>JIHKT, COXpall}lCT 3a C060H casus focdcris (06f13aTcJlbCT80 nCTY"HTh B
IJOHIIY lIa CTOpOIiC COI03IJHKa).
Ho IICCMOTpfI lIa TO, LfTO, KaK rOBopHT M.H. IloKpoBCKHii, B nCTporpa;lc
)f(CJlaJIH 1I0JIY HTb TYPC' KY'O CTOJIH1lY, a HM "pCJl.TlaraJIH TypCIlKYJO apMHIO ,
PYCCKOC IIpaBHTCJlbCTBO B 3TH Jllfll OTllIOJlb IIC CTpCMI1JIOCb K 06ocTpcllHI0 0'1'-
1I01IICIJI1 H C nOpTOH, npcKpaCflO OC0311aBa51 C06CTBCIIIIYIO IICrOTOlJllOCTh K 1J0ti-
IIC lIa JlBa Q)pOIiTa. BOil poc 0 IIpHTfl3all J-151X lIa II pOJI H Bbl BO:ill H K lIa JlOBCCTKC
JIlifi TOJlbKO B lIoH6pc 1914 r.
CTCIIYII: CJlaO}lIlCKOrO 1J01ipOCa/lJI}I JlclJOpaJIHI(aJlbilOH IIITCJIJIHrCIIIU1H TaK
)KC IIC CYlIlCCTBOBaJIO, KaK BOllpoca KOlicTaliTHIIOIIOJlfi 11 .llapJlaIlCJIJI),).
54
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80U1lbl
B 3TH JKe ,n;HH HaqHHaIOTC nepBble CTOJIKHOBeHH B cpop-
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CTOtIHOH IIPycCHH H faJIHUHH.
COnepHHtIaR B pa3Be,n;Ke C KaBaJIepHeH, aKTMBHO pa60TaJIa
aBHaUH .
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HHe; MOCT tIepe3 PeHH eJKe,n;HeBHO CTaJIH nepeceKaTb 550 noe3,n;OB.
Bo <DpaHUHH BepxoBHoe KOMaH,n;OBaHHe Tpe6yeT OT 1-H
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repMaHcKoM apTHJIJIepHeH. Pa3pbIBbI CHap ,n;OB JIOnaJIHCb KaK
paCKaJIeHHbIe opeXH , He npMtIMHHB HHKaKoro Bpe,n;a JIeT':IHKY
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U11J1 OKPY)l(M'Tb H pa3rpOMHTb pYCCKHe BOHCKa B IIoJIbrne. Co-
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npe,n;ycMaTpMBaJI pa3BepTbIBaHl1e tIeTblpex apMH:H B COCTaBe
y,n;apHoH 11 BcnoMOraTeJIbHOH rpynn. Y,n;apHaR rpynna, COCTO-
51Il.!a51 H3 1-11: H 4-i1: apMl1l1: ,n;OJIJKHa 6bIJIa HaHeCTH YAap Me)K){y
1914 lOa
55
3aRaztHbIM ByroM 11 BMCJIOH B 06ll1eM nanpaBJIelB1H na Ce.l1-
JICU - HaBCTpeqy repMaHcKoMY Yl!apy H3 BOCTOQIIOH TIpYCCI1I1.
BcnoMOraTeJIblIOH rpynne, COCT05l11teH 113 3-H H 2-H apMHM,
CTaBHJlaCb 3aztatIa B351Tb ,l(y6HO, POBHO, JIYUK M aKTI1BHbIMI1
,n:eHCTBHHMI1 Ha TI POCKypOBCKOM HanpaBJIeHHH 06eCneQl1BaTb
BbInOJIHeHHe 3aztatIH y,n:apHOH rpynnHpOBKH.
q TO KaCaeTC5I B03,n:YlIlHbIX CHJI, ABCTpO- BeHrpH5I I1MeJIa
Bcero 3,n:HpHJKa6JI5I. CaMbIH 60JIbllIOH H3 HHX «BOeHlIbIH-2 -
5000 M 3 . B03l{YllIHbIX raBaHeM: B ABCTPO- BeHrpl111 6bIJIO l{Be.
BC5I B03,n:YXQnJIaBaTeJIbHaR "IaCTb COCT05lJIa 113 aBCTpHHCKHX
ocpHuepOB llITa6a 11 10-TM B03l{yxOnJIaBaTeJIbHbIX napKOB.
A3pOnJIaHOB, B OCHOBHOM, repMaHCKHX - 100.
8 a8zycma - MIOJIbraY3eH 3aH5IT 6e3 6051; repManCKHe BOH-
CKa OTXO,n:5IT 3a PeHH. B033BaHHe )Ko<p<ppa K rpa)KJJ;anaM 3Jlb-
3aca. DOH 3a nepeBaJIbI B Bore3ax.
B 3TOT ,n:eHb H3 ,n:HpeKTHBbI NQ 1 rJIaBHOKoMaHJJ;YlOll{erO
)Ko<p<ppa BbICIlIHH KOMaH,n:Hblt'I COCTaB <1>panUI1H nnepBbIc Y3-
Ha.lI a 3aJJ;at.Jax apMI1H. ,l!l1peKTMBa YKa3bIBaJIa na naMepeHMe
rJIaBHOKOMaHl!YIOll(ero nOCJIe COCpel{OTOtIeHH5I Bcex BOHCK aTa-
KOBaTb repMallCKMe apMMH, pa3BI1BaH aTaKY B J.{BYX rJIaBHblX
HanpaBJIeHH5IX: na IorO-BOCTOK H3 paM:OHa JOJKlIee KpenOCTH
1YJlb, MeJK,n:y JIeCI1CTbIMH MaCCMBaMM Bore30B H p. M03CJIb, H
Ha ceBepO-BOCTOK H3 paHOHa, pacnOJIOJKeHHOrO K ceBepy 01'
JIHHI1H Bep,n:en - Meu. 06e 3TI1 aTaKM ,l{OJIJKHbI 6bIJIH 6bITb
no,n:l{epJKaHbI CHJIaMH, l{eHCTBOBaBllII1MH Ha MaaCCKHX BbICO-
Tax H na BaBpCKOM nJIaTO.
B COOTBeTCTBMH C 3TOH 3a,l{alJet'l npaBoe KpbIJIO, COCTOSIIllCC
113 1-M: 11 2-H apMHH cocpe,n:OTOt.JI1BaJIOCb MeIKl!Y TYJIeM H OeJIb-
cpOpOM, npM"ICM, rJIaBHbIe CMJIbI 1-t'I apMI1H B paHone 3nHHaJI5I,
a 2-M: - B paI10He lIaHcM. 06e 3TH apMMI1 J{OJIJKHbI 6bIJU1 nepBO-
Ha"IaJlbHO l{eHCTBOnaTb Me)KJ],Y peKaMH PeHH 11 M03eJIb, IO)l(Hee
Ty JI5I, H no TetIeHHIO p. M03eJIb. JIeBoe KpbIJIO, COCTOSIBluee 113
5- H apMI1M Ii OT,n:eJIbHoro KaBaJIepHHCKoro Kopnyca, cocpe,n:OTO-
"Il1BaJIOCb Ha JIHHHH Bya3be - fHpCOH. ,l!JI5I CB5I3M onepaUHH
060HX KpbIJIbeB CJIY)KHJIa 3-51 apMH5I, rJIaBHbIe CHJIbI KOTOpOH
COCpel{OTO"II1BaJIHCb y Bcp,n:eHa. 4-51 apMM5I BpeMCHHO pacnOJIa-
raJlaCb BO BTOpO I JIHHHM B paHoHe Cen-,l!M3be - Bap-JIe-l!IoK.
56
A8ua Wl BellUKOU 80U1lbl
Ha CJIY1.IaM npOJ{BMJKeHM repMaHCKMX BOMCK 1.Iepe3 EeJIh-
1'1110 5-$1 apMI1$1 BhIJ{BMraJIaCb Ha JIMHMIO p. Maac, Ha Y1.IaCTOK
MY30H - Me3bep, a 4-$1 - K CaH-MeHeYJIb Ha BepxHeM 3ne B
40 KM 3anaJJ;Hee BepJJ;eHa, JJ:JI$I 3anOJIHeHM$I npOMeJKYTKa MeJK-
JJ;Y 5-11 M 3-M apMM MM.
CBepx 3Toro B pacnOp$lJKeHMM rJIaBHOKOMaHJJ;YIOw:ero oc-
TaBaJIMCb 2 <pJIaHrOBbIe rpynnbl B COCTaBe 3-x pe3epBHbIx JJ;M-
BI13HH.
06CTpeJI repMaHcKoH apT11JIJIepHM BnepBbIe BbIHYJKJJ;aeT
cppanUY3cKoro nHJIOTa CMeHMTb KYpC nOJIeTa CBoero a3pOrrJIaHa.
AHrJIHHcKI1i1 <pJIOT Ha1.IaJI onepaUMIO npOT11B HeMeUKMX
KOJIOHHH B BOCTOlIHOH A<PPMKe.
9 a8zycma - repMaHcK11HlllTa6 Ha1.IMHaeT COBeplllaTb nep-
Bble 01llM6KM, OTT5Ir11BaJI qaCTb CMJI OT YJJ;apHorO rrpaBoro KpbI-
JIa JJ;JI$I oCB060JKJJ;eHM 3JIb3aca. repMaHcKMe Kopnyca 7-11 ap-
MMM (XIV 11 XV) pa3BepTbIBa1OTC5I no 060MM 6eperaM PeHHa,
cocpeJJ;oT01.IMBaJlCb npoTMB IOJKHOrO cpJIaHra 3JIb3aCCKoro OT-
p$lJJ;a. DOM y TaHHa. DOH y MIOJIbraY3eHa. ATaKa 7-ro <ppaH-
U:Y3cKoro Kopnyca 3axJIe6bIBaeTC$I. KOMaHJJ;YIOIUMH JJ;aeT YKa-
3aHMe 3- i1 3CKaJJ;pHJIbe npOBeCTM pa3BeJJ;KY paMoHa aTaKM. IIM-
JIOT JJ;' AJIbaH3be, BbIJIeTeB Ha pa3BeJJ;KY, 06HapYJKMJI repMaHCKYIO
LU1BH3MIO. OJJ:HaKo, BBMJJ:Y OTCYTCTBH$I Ha 3TOM YlIaCTKe <ppaH-
U:Y3CKOH apTHJIJIepMH, paCCe$lTb ee 6bIJIO HelIeM. KOMaHJJ:Hp 3C-
KaJJ;pMJIb11 JIeHTenaHT DeJIbeMya npMKa3bIBaeT nMJIOTY BHOBb
BbIJIeTeTb B TOM JKe HanpaBJIeH11M, npMXBaTMB C C060H Kopo6-
KY, B KOTOpOH ynaKoBaHo 1500 CTpeJI.
lle11cTBMTeJIbHocTb 6epeT CBoe, BoeHHbIe nMJIOTbI He MO-
ryr npOCTO TaK JIeTaTb Han: rrpOTMBHMKOM 11 6e3Y1.IaCTHO lIa6JIIO-
JJ;aTb 3a ero J.{eHCTBM$lMM. IIo3TOMY npM6eralOT XOT$I 6bI K c6pa-
CblBaHHIO C a3pOnJIaHa CTpeJI, rrOCKOJIbKY BblrrYCK aBMa60M6
cme He HaJIaJKeH.
TCM lIe MeHee, B 3TOT JJ:eHb repMaHcKMe a3ponJIaHbI BrrepBbIe
60M611JIM IIap11JK. BMecTe C 60M6aMM 6bIJIM c6pollleHbI JIMC-
TOBKM: napMJKaHe! repMaHCKaH apMIDI HaxOJ.{MTC$I Y BOpOT 11a-
pM)Ka, H BaM OCTaeTC$I TOJIbKO CJJ;aTbC$I! norH6JIo TpM 1.IeJIOBeKa.
DpMTaHM$I BblnOJIH5IeT CBOM 06emaHH$I. Ha1.IaTa nocaJJ:Ka Ha
cylta 1.IaCTeH 6pHTaHCKOH 3KCneJJ;MUMOHHOH apMM11.
1914 lOa
57
1Ova8zycma - BeJIbrMMCKa$l apMH$I, OT611BMCb OT HaCeJ{a-
IOIl{HX HeMQeB, OTXOlJ;HT. Ha.n: HeM B $IpKOM COJIHe1.IHOM CBeTe
JIeTaIOT repMaHcKHe a3pOllJIaHbI; 3TO pa3BelJ;1.IHKH H3 aBl1aOT-
p$llJ;a III apMeMcKoro Kopnyca. IIoKa OHH 6eCCI1JIbHbI 1.ITO-JIH60
ClJ;eJIaTb H 6eJIbrHMCKHe BoeHHhIe nocMaTpHBaIoT Ha HHX JII1IIIh
C JIIo60nhITcTBOM. OlJ;HaKO no B03BpaIl{eHMH M3 nOJIeTa repMaH-
CKHe JleTlJHKH 1.IeTKO lI,OKJlalJ;bIBaIOT KOMaHlJ;OBaHI1IO 06 OtlHI1 e-
HI1M 6eJIbrHMCKHx n03HQH:H Y feHTa 11 06 06meM OTXOlJ;e 6eJIb-
rI1HCKOH apMHH K AHTBepneHY.
IIoTepneBIlIHe TH)I(eJIOe nopa)J(eHHe B BepXHeM 3JIb3aCe,
<ppaHQY3cKHe BOMCKa oT6pollIeHbI K rpaHHue. VIII M X <ppaH-
UY3cKHe Kopnyca BbIlJ;BMraIOTC$I K peKe MepTa.
Bocm01t1l0eopOneUCKUU meamp
KOMaHlJ;Hp 11-ro aBl1aOTp$l.n;a 3-H PYCCKOH apMI1H BOeHHhIH:
JleTtll1K IlITa6c-KanHTaH Il.H. HecTepoB npoM3BO,l{HT nepBYIo C
pOCCI1HCKOM CTOpOHhI perYJI$lpHYIO BoeHuYlo pa3Be.l1.KY B pai1:-
OHe ,l!y6HO C Ha6JIIOJJ:aTeJIeM reHCpa.7IbHOrO IllTa6a IllTa6c-Ka-
nl1TaHOM JIa3apeBbIM; npo.n:OJI)J(I1TeJIbHOCTh nOJIeTa - 1 qac 35
MHHYT.
A3pOlJ;pOMbI 6bIJIH HenOlJ;rOTOBJIeHbI, nOCJIe CI1JIhHOrO 1.(0)1(-
lJ;$I, llIelJ;llIerO HaKaHYHe, 3eMJI$I pa3MOKJIa. BhIlJ;ep)J(Ka 113 OTlJeTa:
npH cnYCKe Ha naXOTh annapaT "MopaH-COJIhlIbe" NQ 218 C
MOTOpOM "fHOM" 80 HP* 3a NQ 328/957, ynpaBJI$leMblti BoeH-
HbIM JIeT1.IHKOM IllTa6c- KanHTaHOM HecTepoBbIM, CKanOTl1pOBaJI.
CJIOMaHbI: BHHT, PY JIb, HanpaBJIeHH$I, HHJKHHe 6PYCh51 CPI03CJI.H-
JKa, norHYThI OCI1 KOJIeC, KO)J(YX 11 HOCOK MOTopa, nopBaHhI aMop-
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HI1$1 lJ;Pyroro annapaTa. [Iol.(aH aKT 06 HCKJIIOqeHHH 3a NQ 51 .
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MaHcKoH apMHH.
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1I0nOJIb nJIaBaBIlIHe B CpelJ;M3eMHOM Mope nOlJ; <pJIarOM KOIITp-
alJ;Ml1paJIa CYIliOHa repMaHCKl1e Kpeticepa re6eH 11 5pec-
· 0'1' allrJI. H()J'sc-Powcr - JIOlllaJlUII hlC CIIJlhl.
.. 311 BCp-lIaJlla (1881-1922) - BOCllllhlH MUIUfCTP TYPllHH.
58
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JIay . BCJIe,l{ 3a CYIIlOHOM B TYPlU110 npl16bIJIO OKOJIO 450 0<pI1-
QepOB 11 Hl1iKHI1X 1.II1HOB B Ka1.IeCTBe MOpCKI1X I1IICTPYKTOpOB.
AHfJII1M:CKI1M: a,l{Ml1paJI Tpy6pl1,l{JK, npeCJIe,l{OBaBllIl1M: repMaH-
CKl1e KpeM:Cepa, onaCa$lCh nO,l{BO,l{HhIX MI1H 11 TPY,l{HOCTI1 npo-
XO,l{a 6e3 JIOQMaHa, He pellIl1JIC$I BOM:TI1 B npOJII1BbI, KY,l{a 3a He-
CKOJIbKO 1.IaCOB ,l{O Hero BOillJII1 repMaHCKl1e MOP$lKI1.
12 a8zycma - no JKeJIaHl110 I1MnepaTopa BI1JIbreJIbMa B3$1-
Tl1e nOCJIe,l{HHX <pOpTOB nOCJIe na,l{eHI1$1 JIbeJKa He ,l{OJIiKHO 6bIJIO
60JIbIlle CTOI1Tb HH O,l{HOti KanJII1 HeMeQKOM: KpOBI1. B patioH
JIbeiKa npl16bIJIa OCa,l{Ha.5I apMI1 reHepaJIa 3M:HeMa, OCHamen-
HaJJ 420-MM 0PY,l{I1$1MI1. KOMeH,l{aHT JIbeJKa, reHepaJI JIeMaH,
YKPbIJIC$I co CBOI1M llITa60M B O,l{HOM 113 nOC-JIe,l{HI1X <pOpTOB,
3aJJBHB o<pHuepaM 0 6e3Ha,l{eiKHOCTH ,l{aJIbHeM:llIei1 60pb6bI H
rOTOBHOCTI1 YMepeTb no,l{ pa3BaJII1HaMI1 YKpenJIeHHi1. T5IJKeJIaJJ
apTI1JIJIepl151 npl1CTynl1JIa K pa3pYllIeHI1IO npO,l{OJI)I(aIOI{!MX .l{Cp-
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repMaHcKoH apMMI1 <pOH KnIOKa. DOH Y 3JIeHa (feJIeHa): 6eJIb-
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TMB repMaHCKOM: KaBaJIepI1H.
IT pO,l{OJI)I(aeTC5I Cpa)l(eHHe 3a Bore3cKMe nepeBaJIbI. 5011 Y
p. MepTbl.
Ha DaJIKanCKOM cppoIlTe na1.IaJIOCb rrepBoe HacTynJIeHHe
aBcTpo- BeHrepcKMx BOi1CK, npO,l{OJIIKaBIlleeC5I l{O 24 aBrycTa.
Cep6bI OTKa3aJIHCb OT 060POIIbI CBOeM: CTOJIHUbI M OTOIllJII1 B
I-I HIll.
13 a8zycma - B l{y6JIl1ne co6paHbI Bce rrMJIOTbI H MaUll1-
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CJIY)l(6bI Ha KOHTHHeHTe B COCTaBe 4-x aBHaOTp$l.lJ,OB (56 a3po-
nJIaHoB), KOTopbIe 3aTeM B COnpOBO)l(,l{eHHM aBHctUHOHHoro
napKa nepenpaBMJIMCb BO <DpaHUMlO.
AHrJIH5I H3 272 MMeIOll.{HXC$I Ha ee C1.IeTY BO -Jl{YIIlIlbIX Ma-
IllI1H HanpaBHJIa Ha 3anaduoe8poneucKuu meamp BoeHHbIX l{ei1-
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14 a8zycma - 8-M: 11 13-M: cppaHUY3cKHe Kopnyca <popCI1-
PYIOT p. MepTY M naQI1HaIOT HacTYIIJIeHHe Ha Caap6ypr. 2-51
<ppaHUY3cKa$l apMI1$1 nepeXO.l{HT B 06ll.{ee nacTynJIeHHe B JIo-
TapI1HrMH.
1914 lOa
59
8rrepBbIe 3acpHKCHpOBaHO B03,ltYlliHOe Hanan;eHHe aBHaTO-
pOB Ha BOeHHYIO 6a3Y. <I>paHQY3bI - nopYQHK I.I.e3apH H Kan-
pall npY,ltOMMO Ha CaMOJleTe Bya3eH-5 , nO,ltH.SIBllIHCb C a3pO-
,ltpOMa nO,lt Bep,lteHOM H npHXBaTHB C C060H 4 apTHJIJlepHMCKHX
rpaHaTbI 90-MM, cHa6:>KeHHbIX cTa6HJlH3aTOpoM, aTaKOBaJIH He-
MeQKYIO 6a3Y B KpenocTH MeQ.
15 a8zycma - 113 nMCbMa llITa6c-KanHTaHa HeCTepOBa
JKeHe: lJ:opOra.H lJ:HH01.IKaI.. KaKoM-To THn rrHllIeT B ra3eTe
"Kl1eB", qTO .H C06HpalOCb nOBTOpHTb OnbIT fappo. CBI1HCTBO
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neT.SI *.
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BOIOIOll{HX rocy,aapCTB B 3TH H116bIJII1 HeMaJIO o3a601.IeHbI CpC,l1-
CTBaMH 60pb6bI B B03,ltyxe C B03,ltYllIHhIM rrpOTI1BHI1KOM.
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Jle, r,lte nepHO,lI;H1.IeCKH 6bIBaJi B 3TO JleTO HeCTepOB. BbInYCK-
HHKH, Cpe,lI;H KOTOpbIX HaXO,lI;HJlI1Cb 6Y,lI;YI.J..tl1ii Bhl,lI;alOll{:HHC.SI
PYCCKI1M BOeHHbIM JIeT1.II1K KpYTeHb, Ma1.IaBapnaHH H ,lI;p., cpa-
3Y )l(e no OKOH1.IaHHH lIIKOJlbI OTnpaBHJlHCb Ha cppOHT.
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,lI;OKYMeHTbI 11 BbI,lI;aBaJIHCb ,lI;eHbrH Ha npOe3.l{ K MeCTaM Ha3Ha-
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BCTpe1.Ie C a 3pOIIJIaHOM npOTHBHHKa, He pacnOJIar(lj{ HHKaKHM
... B POCCHH 0 STO BpCMfllIlUpoKO 06cYjf(JlaJIC}J TaK lIaablnacMblH IIOJlOHf rap-
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IIlJ0pa: EbICTPO( K. rcpo jcKHH IIOJU3Hr <ppallltY3CKoro a 13HaTopa POJlalia rap-
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YHJlClIJb, - CKa.::iaJI POJIall , HCTOplHI 0 TOM, KaK H3BCCTllblH q)pallnY;iCKHH JICT-
LfHK 1I0rllaJlC}1 3a IlCIl IICJJH 110M, IIpOH3BOJlH13I11HM pa:UJCJlKY 0 paHOI1C <ppall-
J1Y;iCKOH KpCJlOCTH lYJlb, JlorllaJI cro, 6poCUJI B IIcro 60M6y, OT KOTOpOH IlCII-
IICJU1H CYMCJI YKJIOlll1TbCH (!), 1 TOJlbKO IIOCJIC -)TOrO, a KalfCCTBC 1I0CJlCJlIlcro
CpCJlCTBa, <f>paIlIlY3cKH H JICTLf HK pC1J1 HJIC}llIa II P}IMOH Tapall rHraJlTCKOrO clla-
p}lJla. MIIOrl16 CMCpThlO rcpo}1. BOT TaK BCKOJI b3b BbJCKC\3aIlIlOC coo6pa)f(cll J-IC
o 1303MO)f(IIOH BCTpCYC a::>pOIlJlalia C IlCIIIICJI IIJOM IIbl pacTacT lIopoti 13 JJCrCIIJlY
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lIonl6 Olr B OKTH6pc 1918 r.
60
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HOM: nOCMKII Y HeMueB t{JI$I CaM0060pOHbI HJIH t{JI$I Toro, qT06bI,
npOCTpeJIMB 6eH306aK, nOt{:>Keqb 11 YHlp.ITO)KI1Tb CBOM: a3pOnJIaH.
XapaKTepno, qTO HMKTO 113 Hac TOft{a 11 He nOMbIIIIJI$lJI 0 B03-
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raT1.II1HCKOM a3pOt{pOMe, KOHt.IaBIIIHeC$I KaTaCTpocpaMI1*. HeBbI-
nOJIHI1MOH: npet{CTaBJI$lJIaCb B03MO)KHOCTb nOBpet{I1Tb Bpa)KeC-
KI1M a3pOnJIaH TaK, 1.IT06bI He nOCTpat{aJI TBOM.
KTO-TO HanOMHI1JI 0 cnoc06e, peKOMeHt{OBaHHOM Ha 3aH$I-
TI151X no aBl1aUHOHHOM: TaKTI1Ke: nOCTapaTbC$I orrpOKHHYTb Ma-
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)KCHHeM TBoero a3pOrrJIaHa. Ot{naKO H 3TOT cnoc06 6bIJI 3a6pa-
KOBaH, TaK KaK no BpeM$I YQe6HbIX nOJIeTOB Ha.L1 a3pOt{pOMOM
HaM HeOt{HOKpaTHO rrpI1XOt{HJIOCb nonat{aTb nOt{ B03t{YIllHYI0
CTPYIO OT t{Pyroro a3pOnJIaHa, a 3a 3THM CJIet{OBaJIa JIl1lJlb CI1JIb-
HaJJ:, HO 6bICTpO IlpeKpaII.{aIOIIJ:a5IC$I 60JITaHKa.
TaK 11 pa31>eXaJII1Cb MbI no MeCTaM CBoero na3na1.IeHI151, He
npet{CTaBJI$l5I ce6e pea.nbHbIX cpet{CTB 60pb6bI C B03.n.YlllHbIM
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CTBY C Tpe60BaHI1eM HeMet{JIeHHO OT03BaTb Bce BoeHHble cYt{a
11 nepet{aTb $InOHCKMM BJIaCT$lM He n03)Ke 15 CeHT$l6p$l BCIO
apeHt{yeMYIO repMaHHeH TeppHTopHIO K$lo1.Iao**.
.... Y BbIIlYCKII"IKOB ra1'Y IIICKOH IIIKOJlbl JICTa 1914 r. 6bIJI cnCIKUM B lIaM}lTU
1'aKoH cJlyyati: «B II(WOIKHH JlCTIIHH JlClib lIaJla -)pOJlpOMOM C YTpaJICTaJlH yyc6-
IIblC a pOIlJlallhl, IIHJIOTHPYCMhlC YYJICTaMH, HMCBIIIHMH 110 IICCKOJJbl(O caMO-
C1'OHTCJlbllhlX BhIJICTOU. OJlHIl H3 IIHJIOTOB, lIa6paB BbIC01'Y, lIaYaJl 1I0BOpoT C
JICBblM BHpaIKCM, lf1'06bl C1'aTb B 0611lHH Kpyr, H B TOT MOMCIIT lIa IICI'O lIaJlC-
TCJI JlPyroii aapOIlJlalf, IIICJlIlIHH 110 TOMY IKC KPyry CTOJIKIlYBIIII1CCH a3pGlIJla-
IIbl PYXJlYJIU lIa 3CMJII0. 113-1I0Jl rpYJlbl 06JIOMKOB H3BJICKJIH pa i6HBIIICr()CH
lIaCMcpTb 1I0pYlIHKa illClIllIHlla H lIaXO/lHBlllcrOCH B 6CCC0311aTCJlhilOM COCTO-
HIIHH, 110 IIC 1I0JIYYHBIIICI'0 IIHKaKI1X 1I0BpC)f(}tCIIHH 1I0PYYHKa rrOJlrOpIlOro .
.... fcpMallH}I 3aXBaTHJla lIaCCJICllllhlH IIYIIKT IblllJlaO B KHTaHCI<OH IIPOIUIII-
IlHH KHOLfao n lIou6pc 1897 rOJla U ;ia 3'1'0 BpCMH C03/!aJla lIa IIOJlYOCTpoOC
BOCIlIiO-MOPCKY'O 6a..1Y. .HIIOIICKHii (f)JI01' IIPH IIOJUlCplKKC an rJHI4all 6JIOI(HPO-
BaJl 'rry rcpMallCKYIO 6a3Y B IIcpnhl i IKC IlCIl b BoH (( hI.
1914 lOa
61
161l8zycma - 3aXBaQeHbI ,n;Ba rrOCJIe,n;HI1X <pOpTa JIbe)Ka -
XOJIOHb 11 <DJIeMaJIb. 3aBepllleHa JIbe)KCKaH Orrepal.{l151. OCa,l.{-
H(UI apTHJIJIepl151 rrepe6pOllleHa K HaMloPY. 2-51 apMI151 <popCI1-
pOBaJIa Maac B paMoHe JIbeJKa. B 3TOT )Ke ,n;eHb 3aXBa4CHO YK-
penJIeHl1e fIOM, He3aH5ITOe 6eJIbrl1MCKOM apMl1eM (Haxo,n;51ll!aH-
C5I TaM ,n;HBI131151 OTOlllJIa K HaMIOPY).
<DpaHI..\Y3CKl1e aBl1aTOpbI Ha CaMOJIeTe Bya3eH rrOBTopM-
JIH CBOIO aTaKY Ha KpenOCTb Meu.
Ha4aJIaCb rrcpe6pOCKa aHrJII1HCKOrO 3Kcne,n;HUHOHHoro
Kopnyca OT raBpa B HanpaBJICHl111 Ka:ro.
17 a8zycma - K 3TOMY ,n;HIO PeMH rrepeceKJIO OKOJIO 11 TbIC.
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JIOBeK.
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IlHOlllforo TpH6YllaJla.
62
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THqeCKOH pa3Be){KOH.
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pHHOH OKOJIO 50 KM H rJIy6HHoH OT MeCTa BbIJIeTa 70 KM, rrpo-
HHKHYB 3a rocy)!apCTBeHHYIO rpaHHQY Ha 20-25 KM.
TeJIerpaMMa B lllTa6 3-H PYCCKOH apMHH: B 6 qac. 30 MHH.
YTpa BbIJIeTeJI Ha Hblonope Ng 5 H3 ,l{y6HO. B 6 qac. 50 MHH.
rrpOJIeTeJI PY,l.{H5I, B 7 qac. 3aMeqeHa Ha )!opore MHXaHJIOBKa -
!(PyrreQ qaCTb CHJIOIO OKOJIO )!BYX 6aTaJIbOHOB, HarrpaBJIeHHe
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CTapHKH BOHCK He 06HapYJKeHO; apTHJIJIepHH, 06030B, KOHO-
B}13eH HeT. Ha YJIHu;aX CCJIeHHH H no )!OpOraM )!BHjf(eHHe. Bpo-
)!bI )!OCTH.fJIH 7 qac. 30 MHH. Ha nJIOIUa.n;H H BO )!BOpaX 3aMeqe-
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C np060HHbI OT PYJKeHHbIX rrYJIb. BoeHHbIH JIeTqHK lllTa6c-Ka-
1II1TaH raBHH. I1a6JIIO)!aTeJIb KarrlITaH JIa3apeB .
PYCCKI1H rrJIaH BOHHbI pa3pa6aTbIBaJIC}1 C O)!HOH CTOpOHbI C
yqeTOM c06cTBeHHbIx HHTepecoB POCCI1I1, C )!pyroH - HCXO)!51113
BbIrrOJIHeUH}1 )!OrOBOpHbIX 06513aTeJIbCTB rrepe)! COI03HI1KaMH.
C06cTBeHHble HHTepeCbI POCCI1H Tpe60BaJIH HaHeceHH rJIaB-
Horo Y,l.{apa no ABCTPO- BeHrpHH, C paarpOMOM KOTOpOH rr05lB-
JI JII1Cb B03MOJKHOCTH )!JI}1 3aXBaTa rrpOJIHBOB Boc<pop 11 ,l{ap)!a-
HCJIJlbl11 HaHeCeHH}1 y,n;apa rro repMaHHH C lora. O,l.{HaKO <ppaH-
KO-PYCCKa5I KOHBeHul1 06 3bIBaJIa POCCHIO He rr03)!Hee 15-fO
,n;H M06HJIH3aQHH Ha\.faTb HacTyrrJIeHl1e rrpoTHB repMaHI1H.
PYCCKI1H reHepaJIbHbIH lllTa6 rrJIaHHpOBaJI O)!HOBpeMeHHo
pa3rpoMHTb repMaHcKHe BOHcKa B BOCTOqHOH fIpyccl1l1 H aB-
CTpO- BeHrepcKHe BOHcKa B raJIl1IJ.HI1. ,l{JI 3TOH QeJII1 pa3Bep-
1914 lOa
63
TbIBaJtocb ,n;Ba <PPOHTa: CeBepo-3ana,n:HbIH H IOro-3ana,n:HbIH.
CeBcpo-3ana,n:HbIH <ppOHT B COCTaBe ,n;BYX apMHH HMeJI 3a,lta-
qeH KOHl.{eHTpHqeCKHM HacTynJIeHHeM CeBepHee H IOrO-3ana,n:-
Hee Ma3YPCKHX 03ep OKPY)KI1Tb H pa3rpOMHTb repMaHCKHe
BOHCKa B BOCTOqHOH IlpyccHH If BbIXO,n;OM Ha HH)KHIOIO BHC-
JIY 3aXBaTHTb nJIaIlJ1apM ,n;JIH nOCJIelIYIO ero y,n;apa Ha 5epJII1H.
IOro-3arra,n:HbIH <ppOHT B COCTaBe qeTbIpeX apMHH 1I0JIiKeH 6bIJI
KOHl(eHTpHqeCKHM HacryIIJIeHHeM OKPY)KHTb aBCTpO-BeHrep-
CKHe apMHH H pa3rpOMHTb HX, OTKpbIB ,n;opory Ha 5y,n;anCIlIT 11
BeHY )!JI nOCJIe)!YIO ero HacTynJIeHH Ha fepMaHHIO C lora.
KpoMe Toro, PYCCKHM IIITa6 pa3BepTbIBaJI O)!HY apMHIO 13
fIeTep6yprcKoM oKpyre C 3aJ{a1.IeH np.HKpbITM CTOJII1l.{bl H 110-
6epeJKb BaJITHMCKOro MOp , a TaKiKe no o,n;nOH apMHI1 B Onec-
CKOM 11 BaplllaBCKOM oKpyrax.
POCCH K HaqaJIY BOHHbI IIMeJIa 39 aBHal(HOHIIbIX OTP )!OB,
B COCTaBe KOTOpbIX nact.JHTbIBaJIOCb 263 a3pOnJIaHa, rrpe,lUla3-
Hat.JCHlIbIX ,n;JHI HCnOJIb30BaIIH B BOCUHbIX l.{eJI X, a TaK)KC 18
rn,n;poa3pOIIJIanoB. 50JIbllI.HIICTBO a3pOIlJIalIOB 6bIJIO HHOCTpaH-
Horo npOH3Bo,n;CTBa.
,l{o Hat.JaJIa BOHHbI BoeHHoe Be)!OMCTBO B POCCJ1H 06yqHJIO
OKOJIO 300 nHJIOTOB.
OCHOBHbIMH l.{eHTpaMH rro.n;rOTOBKH BoeHHbIX JIeTt.II1KOB
BJI JII1Cb aBHal(HOHHbIe lllKOJIbI B raTt.IHHe 11 CeBaCT0I10JIe.
06YQeHHe JIeTQHKOB BeJIOCb TaK)Ke np" a3pOKJIy6ax fleTpo-
rpa.na, MOCKBbI H O,n;ecCbl. PYCCKOMY KOMaH)!OBalIHIO Ka3aJIOCb,
qTO 3Toro BrrOJIHe )!OCTaT01.IHO, n03ToMY ceTb JIeTHbIX lllKOJl He
TOJIbKO lie paCIllI1p JIaCb, HO H IIpHeM B CYIl eCTBYlOlJ!He 6bIJI
)!OCTaTOQnO CTporo perJIaMeHTHpOBaH; npHHHMaJIHCb TOJIhKO
o<pHQepbI He MeHec ,n;BYX JIeT npOCJIY)KHBlJIHe B )!eticTBYIOIlteH
apMHH;
B rrepBOH rrOJIOBI1He 1914 r. 3TH lllKOJIbI no,n;rOTOBHJIH 133
BoeHHbIX JIeTt.JHKa.
HaKanYHe BOHHbI, B CB 3H C KpynnbIMH ycnexaMH aBl1a-
l(HH, B POCCHH 6bIJIO npHOCTaHOBJIeI-IO CTpOHTeJIbCTBO )!HpI1-
iKa6JIeH.
113 14 HMeIOlJ{HXCH B HaJIHt.JHH ,n;HpM:>Ka6JIeH B POCCHH, 3a
HCKJIlOqeHl1eM QeTbIpex caMbIX KPYIlHbIX, Bce 6bIJIH YCTapeB-
64
A8ua Wl BeJlUKOU 80Ullbl
IlIHMl1 H pa3JIl1tJ:HbIX KOHCTPYKlJ,Hi1, qTO OqeHb OCJIO)KH JIO I1X
3KcrrJlyaTalJ,l1IO. I1x CKOpOCTb He rrpeBbIIIIaJIa SS KM/qac. ,l(JI.H
pa3Be,n;Kl1 TbIJIa Henpl1 TeJl OHI1 6bIJII1 rrpI13HaHbI Henpl1ro,n;-
HbIMl1l1 OCTaBaJIl1Cb Ha CBOI1X 6a3ax.
DOJIbIIIl1e ynpaBJI eMbIe ,n;l1pl1IKa6J1I1 POCCl1l1 6blJll1 rrOCT-
poeHbI 11 rrpl1H 1"bI Ha BoopYIKeHl1e B 1913 r. 11 pacrrpe,n;eJl JII1Cb
CJIe,n;YlOIlll1M 06pa30M.l{l1pl1IKa6JIb KOH,n;Op rrpH,n;aBaJIC 2-H
B03,n;yxOrrJIaBaTeJlbHoH pOTe, pacKBapTHpoBaHHoM B BpecT-
JII1TOBcKe. Ero 06'beM 9600 M 3 , CKOpOCTb rrOJIeTa SS KM/qaC,
nOTOJIOK - 3000 M, 3Kl1IIaIK - 7 -10 qeJlOBeK. CTpOI1J1C Ha 3a-
Bo,n;e KneMaH- Da.Hp BO cDpaHUI1I1.l{HpHIKa6J1b AcTpa na-
XO,n;HJIC Ha BoopYIKeHl1l1 3-H B03,n;yxorrJlaBaTeJIbHot'1 pOTbI B
r. JIH,n;e. 3TOT HeIKeCTKI1H Kopa6JIb 06'beMOM 9800 M: i 6bIJI rro-
CTpoeH Ha 3aBO,l!C AcTpa BO C1>paHlJ,I1I1. CKOpOCTb nOJIeTa -
63 KM/'llaC, rrOTOJlOK - 2S00 M, 3KIfIIaIK - 8-12 'lleJIOBeK. l{H-
pl1IKa6JIb BypeBeC1"Hl1K 6bIJI rrpH,n;aH 4-11 B03,n;yxorrJlaBaTeJlb-
nOM pOTe, paCKBap1"l1pOBaHHOH B r. Bep.lU1'lleBe. 3TOT HelKeCT-
KI1H ,n;HpI1JKa6JIb TI1IIa rrapCeBaJIb» 6bIJI nocTpoeH B fepMaHHI1.
Ero 06'beM - 10 TbIC. M 3 , CKOpOCTb - 7S KM/'llaC, rrOTOJIOK -
2000 M, 3KI1rraIK - 7-10 'lleJIOBCK. l{I1pHJKa6J1b Anb6aTpOC»
naxo,n;l1JIC.H IIpl1 12-H B03,n;yxOfIJIaBaTeJlbHol1 pOTe n CaJlI13H.
3T01" J{I1pI1IKa6JIb HeIKeCTKOI1 CHC1"eMbI 6blJI nOCTpoeH aa I1IKop-
CKOM 3aBo,n;e no npoeKTY l{. B. rOJIy60Ba 11 ,l!. C. CyxOpjf(eBC-
Koro. Ero 06'beM - 10 TbIC. M: i , CKOpOCTb - 7S KM/qaC, IIOTO-
JIOK - 2000 M, 3KI1IIalK 8-12 'lleJlOBeK. Bce qeTbIpe ,n;I1pl1lKa6JI5I
6bIJII1 BoopYIKeHbI rry JIel\leTaM 11 , HMeJII1 npHCIIOC06JIeHI1 ,n;JUI
c6paCbIBaHI1 60M6 11 06JIaJUlJIH npo,n;OJIJKl1TeJIbHOCTbIO nOJle-
Ta ,n;o 20 qaCOB. 3TH ,l.{l1pI1IKa6JIH aKTI1BHO yqaCTBOBaJIH B 60e-
u .
BbIX ,n;el1CTBl1.HX; ,n;OCTaBJI.HJII1 KOMaH.lI.OBaHI1lO ueHHble CBe,n;e-
Hll.H 0 rrepe,n;BHJKeHH.HX aBCTpo- repMaHCKI1X BOHCK, 60M6MJlI1
CKJla,n;bl 60enpHIIacoB, )l(CJle3Ho,n;opOJKHble Y3J1bI.
B IlITa6e pYCCKoro BCpXOBHoro rJIaBHOKOMaH,n;OBaHH.H 11:11-
pl1)1(a6JII1 ClJl1TaJIl1 r JIaBHbIM cpe11:CTBOM cTpaTerHlJeCKOI1 pa3-
Be,n;KH. KaK TOJlbKO apMH.H 11 4>JI01" 6bIJlH rrepeBe,n;eHbI Ha BoeH-
Hoe IIOJlOlKellWe, HalJaJIaCb IIepeCTpOMKa B03,n;yxoIIJlaBaTeJIbHb1X
'llaCTeH B COOTBeTCTBI1l1 C Tpe60BaHI1 MH. BoeHHoro BpeMeHI1.
Ba1"aJIbOH ocpl1uepCKOH B03,n;YXOIIJIaBaTCJlbHoii IllKOJlbI 6bIJI
1914 lOa
65
pacQX>pMHpOBaH, ero JlHqHbIH COCTaB HanpaBJleH Ha YKOMnJleK-
TOBaHHe 3anaCHoro B03.n;yxOnJlaBaTeJlbHOrO 6aTaJIbOHa, 12, 13
H 14-H B03.n;yxOnJIaBaTeJIbHbIX pOT. OCTaJIbHbIe B03.l(yxOnJIa-
BaTeJlbHbIe pOTbI nOnOJlHeHbI JIHqHbIM COCTaBOM B COOTBeT-
CTBHH CO UITaTaMH BoeHHoro BpeMeHH. POTbI C ynpaBJI eMbI-
MH aapOCTaTaMH .l(HCJIOI.{HpOBaJIHCb B JIYUKe, Bep.n;HqeBe, Be-
JIOCTOKe, JI'H.n;e, CaJIH3H (6JIH3 IIeTporpa.zta), BpecT-JIHToBcKe,
KOBHO, fpOJJ:HO H .n;p. ,n:JI 06CJIYjf(HBaHH .l(HpHJKa6J1eH 3.n;eCb
6bIJIH nocTpoeHbI 14 aJlJlHHrOB.
PyccKHe B03.n;yxOnJIaBaTeJIbHbIe qaCTH MMeJIH K HaqaJIY
BOHHbI Ha BoopY)KeHl1H 14 ynpaBJIHeMbIX aapOCTaTOB.
ITOMHMO ynpaBJlHeMbIx aapOCTaTOB na BoopY)l(eH IH pyc-
CKOH apMHH Haxo.n;HJIHCb Ha6JllO.n;aTeJIbHble CTaHUHI1 C Heyn-
paBJIHeMbIMH - 3MeHKoBbIMH H CHrHaJIbHbIMI1 - a3pOCTaTaMH,
KOTopbIe CJIY:>KHJlH cpe.n;CTBOM apTHJIJIepHHCKoro Ha6JlIo.n;eHH}{
H 6JIH:>KHeH pa3Be.n;KH. K HaqaJIY BOHHbI BoeHHoe Be,l!OMCTBO
pacnOJIaraJIO 46-10 3MeHKOBbIMl1 aapocTaTaMH, npHI1HCaHHbl-
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3anaCHbIM. a3pOCTaTOM C JIe6e,l{KaMH ,l(JIR I1X nOJ]:'beMa H cnYCKa.
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MaHCKOH apMHeH H 6eJIbrJtIHCKI1MI1 BOHcKaMH. BeJIbrHHCKaR
apMH OTXOL{HT 3a p.l HJlb. llepBoe CTOJlKHOBeHMe npaBo<pJIan-
rOBbIX repMaHCKHX apMHH C <ppaHUY3aMI1 - KOHHHua 2-H rep-
MaHcKoH apMHH oT6pacbIBaeT 3a <ppaHKO-6eJIbrI1HcKYIO rpaHH-
uy KaBaJIepHIO Cop.n;e.
C1>paHUY3bI 3aHHMalOT Caap6ypr.
BocmOll1l0e8pOneucKuu meamp
PyccKHe BOHCKa HaqaJIH HacTynJIeHHe Ha aBcTpHHCKOM
<ppoHTe; C faJIMq-JIbBOBCKOH onepaQHl1 (BcTpeqHOe CpaJKelII1e
Ha p. 30JlOTCUI JIHna Ii CpaIKeHl1e Ha p. rHMJIa51 JIHna, HHHQHH-
pOBaHHbIe 8-H H 3-H PYCCKHMH apMH5IMII) pa3BOpaqHBaeTCH
rpaH.n;H03HaH raJIHI1HHCKa51 6HTBa, B KOTOpOlI npHH JIO Y\.fac-
3 ABHauHR BeJIHKOH BOHHbl
66
A6Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80U1fbl
TMe .n.eBJlTb apMMH (II Tb PYCCKMX M 1.JeTbIpe aBCTpO-BeHrep-
CKMX). .
19 a8zycma - He 3at{ep)l(MBCUICb Ha p. ,l{MJIb, 6eJIbrl1HCKCUI
apMM OTXO.n.MT K AHTBepneHY, OTKpbIB repMaHc MM BOHcKaM
,l(Opory Ha DpIOCCeJIb. fepMaHcKoe KOMaH,l(OBaIlMe Tpe6yeT y
M3pa DpIOCCeJI C,l(aTb ropo.n.. B 14 1.JaCOB repMaHCKl1e BOHcKa
BXO.n.51T B ropo,l(. Be1.JepOM repMaHcKMe aBl1aTOpbI YCTpal1BaIOT
cpeHepBepK 113 paKeT Hat{ UeHTpaJIbHOH rrJIO a.n.bIO DpIOCCeJI.H,
v
t.ITO npl1Bo.n.I1T B naHMKY )l(I1TeJIel1 ropo.n.a, npMH BIIIMX paKeTbI
3a 60M6bI.
Ha DplOCCeJIb 6bIJIa HaJIOiKeHa BoenHCUI KOHTpI16YI.{M B 200
MJIH. <ppaHKoB.
2- repMaHcKM apMI1 npl1cTynaeT K IIITypMY HaMIOpa.
llJIaH, rrpI1H TbIt'I reHepaJIOM [aJIbBMl.{eM, 3aKJIlOlIaJIC B O,l(HO-
BpeMeHHoM aTaKe Tpex cpOpTOB, pacnOJIO)l(eHHbIX no 060l1M
6eperaM Maaca, BMeCTe C MX npOMe)l(YTKaMM. DblJIO peIIIeno
v
BBeCTI1 B .n.eI1CTBMe cpa3Y BCIO T )I(eJIYIO OCMHYIO apTI1JIJlepl1IO.
0611JII1e OBparOB B OKpeCTHOCT X HaMlOpa .n.aBaJIO B03MO)K-
HOCTb M36paTb ,l(JI paCrrOJIOiKeHI1 apTMJIJIepHI1 He06xoJJ;MMoe
KOJII1t.IeCTBO 3aKpblTbIX n03Mu,I1H.
,l{JI Toro 'llT06bI 3aXBaTI1Tb HY:>KHOe pacnOJIO)l(eHl1e, rep-
MaHuaM npl111IJIOCb OTTeCHMTb nepe.n.OBbIe qaCTH 6eJIbrl1HQeB K
cpopTaM. B pe3Y JIbTaTe 3TI1X rro,n;rOTOBI1TeJIbHbIX 60eB, IIpOBO-
u v v
,1IJIBIIIHXC B TeClIOH CB 311 C B03.n:YllIH0I1 pa3Be,n;K0I1, BbI CHW-
JIOCb, t.ITO rrpOMeiKYTKM Me)l(,n;y <popTaMH XOpOillO no,n;rOTOBJle-
Hbl K 060poHe 11 0 BHe3anHOM Hana,n,eHHI1 He MOJKeT 6bITb M
petIH. Y)I(e B 3TOM 3n1130,n;e BbI5IBI1JIOCb ,n;OCTaTOtIHO BHI1MaTeJIb-
Hoe OTHOllIeHl1e repManCKI1X BoeHHbIX K aB11aUMOHHOH pa3Be,n;-
Ke. TeM He MeHee, OHO rrOKa BbIrJI ,n;I1T 3rrM30.n.OM He TOJIbKO B
HaIIIeM 113JIO)l(eHHM.
reUHep: ...\.faCTO CJIYlIaJIOCb, 1.JTO aBMaOTp .n.bl Bo06111e He
nOJIyqaJIM HHKaKoro npI1Ka3a... M Ha6JIIO,l(aTeJII1 I1HOH pa3 He
v
3HaJIl1, r.n.e CBOM, r.n:e Herrpl1 TeJIbCKMe BOMCKa.
Bo06 e Ha B03,l(YIllHYIO pa3Be,l.(KY oc06eHHo 60JIbllIMX Ha-
.n.eiK.n. He B03JIaraJIM. Ct.IHTaJIOCb IIOpMaJIbHbIM, eCJIM ueJIbIMH
He,n;eJI MW He rrO BJI JIMCb B B03.l(yxe HI1 CBOM, HH Henpl1 TeJIb-
CKl1e a3pOrrJIaHbI. YcnelI1Ha pa60Ta JleT"lHKOB, KOTopbIe .l(eHb
1914 lOa
67
3a ,l1HeM ,l{OCTaBJHIJIH Bce 60JIee HCtJepnbIBaIO He CBe,l{eHHH 0
npOTHBHHKe, nopa)KaJIa KOMaH,l10BaHHe; 3TH CBe.n.eHHH BbI3bl-
BaJIH He,l10BepHe, H B IllTa6ax 06bItJHO )K,l1aJIH nO,l1TBep)K,l{eHHH
HX ,l1pyrHMH BH,l1aMH pa3Be,l1KH...
<I>paHQY3aMH BHOBb 3aH T MIOJIbraY3eH. XIV <ppaHl.{Y3-
CKHH Kopnyc npO,l1BHraeTc K KOJIbMapy.
Bocmo1f,lloeapOneucKuu meamp
B HOqb repMaHcKHe BOHcKa no,l1 KOMaH,l10BaHHeM IlpHTBH-
l.{a OTXO,l{ T K rYM6HHHeHY. TeJIerpaMMa H3 IllTa6a 3-H apMlfH:
HaqaJIbHHKY aBHal.{HOHHOro OTp ,l1a O,l1HHHa.n;l.{aTOrO Kopny-
ca. BbICJIaTb Ha pa3Be,l{KY .n.Ba a3pOnJIaHa: nepBblH Ha JIonaTHH,
TonopoB, Pa.n:exoB, CTO HOB, ,l{pYIIIKOnOJIb - BbUICHlfTb, eCTb
JIH npoTHBHHK B 3TOM paHoHe, r,l{e HMeliHO If B KaKHX CMJIax.
HOMep BTOpOH Ha IIoJJ:3aMtJe, IIoJI.ropl.{e, CacoB, 3JI01.JeB - neT
JII1 ,l1BH)KeHH KOJIOHH B BOCTOqHOM H cenepO-BOCTOtJHOM na-
npaBJIeHHHX. I10JIKOBHHK ,l{YXOHlfH .
3Ta TeJIerpaMMa He CBH,l{eTeJIbCTByeT 0 111l1pOKO npHMeHHB-
IlleHC51 npaKTHKe, a JIHIllb 0 qaCTHOM CJIyqae oco6oro MHTepeca
11 K ,l1aHHbIM aBHaTopOB TOJKe.
20 a8zgcma - IV Kopnyc 1-11 repMaHCKOI1 apMlfH 3aHI1Ma-
eT BplOCCeJIb H BaTepJIOO, Bbl,l1,Bl1raeT BOHcKa K AHTBepneHY;
3- repMaHCKa51 apMH51 aBaHrap,l{aMH BbIXO,l{I1T K Maacy B paH-
OHe ,l{I1HaHa. BHYTpeHHHe <pJIaHrl1 3-H If 2-11 apMHH CMbIKaIOT-
C51 B paHoHe <pOpTOB HaMlOpa. 3- apMH51 nO,l1XO,l{HT K Maacy.
Ha1.JHHaeTC 3aXO)K,l1,eHlfe 1-H apMHH npaBbIM <pJIaHroM: 3anan:-
Hoe HanpaBJIeHlfe ,l1BH)KeHH MeH eTC51 Ha IOrO-3ana.n;Hoe.
repMaHCKHe BOHcKa (XIV pe3epBHbIH Kopnyc If BTOpOOqe-
pe,l1Hble qaCTH) nepeXo,l{ T B KOHTpHacTynJIeHMe B Bore3ax.
Cpa)KeHHe y Caap6ypra.
6- repMaHCKaH apMH nepeXo,l1lfT n HacTyrrJIeHHe B JIoTa-
pHHrHH.
Bocm01f,1l0eapOneUCKUU meamp
ApMH M Cenepo-3anan:Horo <ppoHTa pYCCKoe KOManJJ.OBa-
lIHe CTaBHJIO 3a.n:atJH OKPY)KHTb H paarpOMlfTb 8-10 repMallCKYIO
apMHIO, o6xo,l{ Ma3ypcKHe 03epa C ceBepa H lora. 1- pYCCKa}I
68
A8Ua UJl BellUKOU 80U1lbl
apMH nepellIJIa B HacTynJIeHHe 17 -ro, 2- - 19-ro aBrycTa.
HacTynJIeHHe 06eHx apMHM nOHaqaJIY pa3BHBaJIOCb ycnelllHo.
BOMcKa 1-M apMHH HaHeCJIH nOpa)KeHHe I repMaHcKoMY KOp-
nycy H OCHOBHbIM CHJIaM 8-ti apMHH. fepMaHcKHe BoticKa, no-
Tep B ,l10 TpeTH CBoero COCTaBa, nocnellIHO oTcrynHJIH. O.n;Ha-
KO BMeCTO pa3BHTH ycnexa H opraHH3a HH npeCJIe.n;oBaHH
KOMaH.n;YIOlI.{Hti 1-ti PYCCKOti apMHH reHepaJI PeHHeHKaMn<p
npHKa3aJI npHocTaHoBHTb HacTynJIeHHe.
8- repMaHCKaR apMH.SI, npoHrpaB 60ti no.n; fYM6HHHeHoM,
HaqHHaeT oTcTynJIeHHe 3a BHCJIY.
2- HapeBcKa apMH nepeceKaeT rpaHH Y. ABaHrapJI.bI
PYCCKHX KopnycoB K Beqepy .n;OCTHrJIH JIHHHH OCTpOB - BbIIII-
ropo.n;oK.
KOMaH.n;oBaHHe IOro-3ana.n;Horo <ppoHTa (3-ti H 8-H Pyc-
CKHX apMHH), nOrJIOlI.{eHHOe CBOHMH nJIaHaMH, cocpeJI.OTOqH-
JIO HanpaBJIeHHe pa3BeJU{e TeJIbHOCTH Ha oKpecTHocT X JIbBO-
Ba H OCTaBHJIO JI.pyrHe patioHbI <ppoHTa 6e3 cepbe3Horo BHHMa-
HH aBHau.HH.
113 nHCbMa HeCTepOBa JKeHe: l!opora l!HHa! Cero.n;H y
HaC 6bIJI cepbe3HbIH .n;eHb: Bce JIeTaJIH Ha pa3Be.n;KY. flepe.n;KoB*
H JleTaJIH K HenpH TeJIIO, JI.aJIH HeKoTopbIe CBe.n;eHH , CTpe-
JI JIH B Hac H Te H .n;pyrHe, T.e. H HamH H aBCTpHMUbI, HO TOJIKY
He 6blJIO, T.K. BbiCOKO no.n;HHMaJIHCb. JIeTaJIH .n;OBOJIbHO .n;aJIeKO
B rJIy6b ABCTpHH, KaK-TO 3a6aBHO ce6 qYBCTBOBaTb, CMOTp
Ha HenpH TeJI cBepxy. XOT .n;eJI y MeH H MHoro cetiqac, HO
qYBCTBYIO ce6.SI .n;OBOJIbHO XOpOllIO, T.K. Bce 60JIee HJIH MeHee
yperYJIHpOBaJIOcb...
21 a8zgcma - I-IaqaJIc 06CTpeJI 9 <pOpTOB HaMIOpa T JKe-
JI0M 420-MM repMaHcKoH apTHJIJIepHeti.
Pa3BepHYJIOCb rpaH.n;H03Hoe IlorpaHHqHoe CpaJKeHHe Ha
250-KM yqaCTKe <ppoHTa OT llleJIb.n;bI JI.O M03eJI (JIoTapHH-
rH ). YqaCTByeT JI.eB Tb apMHti (n Tb repMaHCKHX, TPH <ppaH-
UY3CKHX H o.n;Ha aHrJIHticKaH). 7- repMaHCKaH apMH nepexo-
,l1HT B KOHTpHacTynJIeHHe Ha Caape (3JIb3ac-JIoTapHHrH ).
TIopaJKeHHe <ppaH Y3cKHX BOMCK B JIoTapHHrHH: 2- apMH
oTcTynaeT n o BceMY <ppOHT)T.
* )l(clla lIopY4HKa TIcPCJlKOBa 'I01Jla 110 COCCJlCTBY C )KCIIOH HccTcpona.
1914 lOiJ
69
}\pJJ;eHHbI: HaqaJIO Cpa:>KeHMH y JIOHfBM. HaqaJIo Cpa:>KeHI1
y HeBlIIaTo (60ti Ha p. CeMya).
2-H fepMaHCKaR apMMH BXO,lU1T B corrpMKocHoBeHHe C 5-H
<ppaH Y3cKOM: Ha C(;lM6pe. AHfJIMMCKaH apMMH BbIXO.lI.HT Ha
BepxHIOIO CaM6py.
TOJIbKO B 3TOT ,n:eHb BnepBble B 30HY ,n:eHcTBMH repMaHcKoH
paaBe,n:bIBaTeJIbHOH aBMa MM nonaJIa aHfJIMHCKaR apMHH, KO-
TOpaH Y:>Ke ycrreJIa ,n:06paTbcH .lI.0 KaTo H Tenepb CJIe,n:OBaJIa K
M06e)KY. TaKMM 06pa30M, BBHJty oCYIl1eCTBJIeHHH JIe'ftII1KaMH
JIMllib 6JIH:>KHeH TaKTI1QeCKOH pa3Be,n:KH, rrepenpaBa M HallaJIO
,n:BM)KeHMH aHfJIHHCKOH 3Kcne,n:HI.{HOHHOH apMHH IIO <DpaHu,HI1
OCTaJIHCb HeM3BeCTHbIMH fepMaHcKoMY KOMaHJ{OBaHHIO. Te-
rrepb fepMaHcKMe aBMapa3Be,n:t.JHKH ,n:OHOCMJIH KOMaH,n:OBaHHIO
06 YCMJIeHHOM IKeJIe3Ho,n:opO)KHOM ,n:BHIKeHHH y MOHca, 06
MHTeHCHBHOM aBTOM06HJIbHOM ,n:BH:>KeHHH K HeMY C IOfO-3arra-
,n:a, a TaK:>Ke 0 nOXO.lI.HOM nepeMeIl.{eHHI1 6aTapeH OT BaBe K 011-
HHry.
Ilpo,n:BH:>KeHMe nHTI1 fepMancKHx apMI1M, naqaBllIeeCH 18
aBrycTa, K Beqepy 21 aBfYCTa ,n:OCTMfJIO cJIe.lI.YIOIl.{ero nOJIO:>Ke-
HMH: 5- apMHH Haxo,n:HJIaCb no 06e CTOpOHbI JIOHfBM, paCT.H-
HYBlIIMCb Ha <ppoHTe B 45 KM.; 4-H apMMH 6bIJIa pa36pocaHa Ha
<ppoHTe B 50 KM OT He<pllIaTo ,n:o )KMBe; npaBbIti <pJIaHf ee, Ta-
KHM 06pa30M, 6bIJI BbI,n:BMHYT ,n:aJIeKO Ha 3ana.n;; npOMe)KYTKH
MeJKny OT,n:eJIbHbIMH KopnycaMH COCTaBJIHJIM OKOJIO 15 KM. )]:0
CHX nop cepbe3HbIX BCTpeq C l1pOTHBHMKOM He 6bIJIO. O,n:HaKO
nepcrreKTHBa TaKOM: BCTpeqH BeCbMa BOJIHOBaJIa KOMaH,n:OBa-
HI1e 06eHx apMMH, TaK KaK TPY.lI.HO 6bIJIO npe,n:cTaBI1Tb ce6e, KaK
MOfJIM peafMpoBaTb Ha aTaKY COMKHYTOM MaCCbI npoTHBHHKa
apMMH, paa6pocaHHbIe Ha npOCTpaHCTBe 100 KM, 3aHHMaBlIIMe
K TOMY )Ke JIMHHIO, KaJK,n:bIM nYHKT KOTOpOM: MOf 6bITb nO.lI.Bep-
)KeH <pJIaHfoBoMY Y,l{apy. B 5-H apMHH 6bIJIO M3BeCTHO, \ITO ne-
pe,n:OBbIe nOCTbI <ppaH Y30B Haxo,n:HTCH no peKaM lIIbep Ii KplOH
Ha JIMHMH MOHMe,n:M - JIOHfHMOH - MepcM-JIe-5a. ABHaI.{H-
ORHM pa3Be,n:Ka 4-M fepMancKoM apMMH KOHCTaTHpOBaJIa Ha-
JIHqHe <ppaH Y3cKMX qaCTeH K ceBepy OT Maaca H Illbep, ce-
BepHee JIMHHM Me3bep - MOHMe,n:M. qTO 3aMbIIIIJUlJI npOTMB-
HMK, M KaK CJIe,n:OBaJIO peafMpoBaTb Ha efO ,n:eMCTBH}I?
70
A8Ua UJl BeJlu'Kou 80Ullbl
B 3TOH Kpai1He HeOrrpe,n;eJIeHHoi1 06CTaHOBKe KpOHrrpHHQ
BbIHOCHT peIIIeHHe HeMe,n;JIeHHO aTaKQBaTb rrpOTHBHHKa, HaXO-
,n;.Hll{erOC.H Me)K,n;y peKaMH lllbep H KpIOH.
BOCmOtl1l0e8pOneUCKUU meamp
ITOH.HB H3 nepeXBaqeHHbIX ,n;OHeceHHi1, qTO PeHHeHKaMrr<p
He co6HpaeTC.H rrpeCJIe,n;OBaTb repMaHCKHe Boi1cKa, TIpHTBHQ
cocpe,n;OTOqHBaeT CHJIbI rrpOTHB 2-i1 PYCCKOi1 apMli1i reHepaJIa
CaMcoHoBa*.
22 a8zgcma - PaMOH CaM6pbI H Maaca: npopbIB repMaH-
CKOi1 neXOTbI B npOMe)KYTKe Me)KJI;Y <popTaMH HaMlOpa.
3JIb3ac-JIoTapHHrl1.H: 06ll{Hi1 OTXOJI; <ppaHQY3cKHX BOMCK B
pai10He Caap6ypra. fepMaHcKaJI rJIaBHa.H KBapTHp OT,n;aeT 6-i1
apMHH npHKa3 rrpo,n;OJI)KaTb HacTyrrJIeHHe 3a p. MepTa Ii ,n;ei1-
CTBOBaTb B HarrpaBJIeHHH 3nHHaJI.H. Cpa)KeHHe y llIapMcKoro
rrpoxoJI;a.
<I>opMHpoBaHHe JIoTapI1HrcKoi1 apMHH reHepaJIa MOHY-
pH B CTbIKe Me)KJI;y 3-i1 H 2-i1 <ppaHQY3CKHMH apMHgMH.
ApJI;eHHbI: rrOpa)KeHHe 3-i1 <ppaHQY3CKOM apMliH B 6o.HX y
BHpToHa, JIoHrBH, YHbH, <I>HJIHepa. ITopa)KeHHe 4-M <ppaHQY3-
CKOi1 apMHH B 60gx y Mec3Ha, OlliaHa, POCHHbOJI.H.
2 -.H repMaHCKaJI apMH.H <popcHpyeT CaM6py ( cpIDKeHHe rrpH
IIlapJIepya). AHrJIHi1cKaJI apMH.H BbIXOJI;HT K MOHcy H KaHaJIY
KOH,n;e.
fepMaHcKaJI aBHaQHOHHaJI pa3BeJJ;Ka JI;OHOCHT 0 JI;BH)KeHHH
MHOrOqHCJIeHHbIX 06030B OT AHrJIe-<I>oHTeH ,n;o BaBe. ITOCTY-
rrHJI rrpHKa3 H3 IIITa6a r JIaBHOrO repMaHcKoro KOMaH,n;OBaHH.H
I1CnOJIb30BaTb JI;JI.H 6JIH)KHei1 pa3BeJI;KH B JIoTapHHrHH Qerrne-
JIHHbI Z- VII H Z- VIII; HM CTaBHJIaCb 3a,n;aqa OTbICKaTb C pac-
CBeTOM OTxo,n;.Hll{He B 3JIb3aCe <ppaHQY3cKHe BOMcKa H paccTpo-
HTb HX p.HJI;bI 6oM6ap,n;HpoBKOH.
1-.H repMaHCKaJI apMI1.H Bce ell{e He rrpHMKHY JIa K <PpOHTY
2-11 apMHH; OHa rrOJIyqHJIa rrpI1Ka3 OTKJIOHHTbC.H JIeBee, qTo6bI
'" CaMcOIiOB AJICKCall/lP BaCHJlbCBHLf (1859-1914) - PYCCKHH rCIICpaJI 0'1'
KaBaJICpHH (1910). Y4acTIIHK PYCCKO-TYPCIlKOH BOHllbI1877-1878IT. B Pyc-
CKO- IIOIICKOH BOHIIC 1904-1905 IT. KOMali/lOBaJI KOlIlIHllCH B apMHH A. H.
KYPOllaTKHlla. B lIa4aJIC I1CpBOH MHpOBOH BOHllbl lIa311a4CII KOMall/ly,oIUHM
2-11 apMHcH.
1914 lOa
71
nOMep)KaTb 31)' nOCJIe.lI.HIOIO B aTaKe npOTHB 5-H cppaHUY3-
CKOH apMHH. Ho npH 3TOM yrrYCKaJIaCb H3 BH,l(Y aHrJIHHCI<:a5I
apMH5I, KOTOpaH, no ,l(aUHbIM repMaHCKOIO rJIaBHOrO KOMaH-
,l(OBaHH , ,l(OJI:>KHa 6bIJIa HaXO,l(HTbC B JIHJIJle. TOJIbKO B nOJI-
,l(eHb 6bIJIO BbI CHeHO npHCYTCTBHe aHfJIHqaH B paHOHe MOH-
ca. KOMaH,l(YIOmHH 1-H repMaHCKOH apMMeH, yqHTbIBM B03-
MO)KHOCTb BCTpeqM C aHrJIMHCKOH apMHeH, HaMepeBaJIC5I
npO,l(OJI)KaTb CBOM: MaplII B HanpaBJIeHHM K IorO-3ana.n:y, qTO-
6bI 6bITb rOTOBbIM npHH Tb Cpa)KeHHe <ppOHTOM K 3ana,l(Y,
BOCTOKY HJIH IOry, HO nOJIyqMJI nO.lI.TBep)K,l(eHHe nepBOHaqaJIb-
Horo npHKa3a. ITo BbI CHeHHH MeCTOIIOJIO:>KeHH aHrJIMtJaH
KnIOK HaMepeBaJIC OXBaTMTb I1X JIeBbIM: cpJIaHr. Me)K,l(Y TeM
KOMaH.n;YIOII!MH 2-H repMaHCKOH apMl1eM: DIOJIOB OT,l(aJI npH-
Ka3 HeMe.n;JIeHHO aTaKOBaTb CPpaHUY30B no TY CTOPOHY CaM6-
pbI, nOJIY4J1B OT aBHaI I1H CBe.lI.eHI1 , 'liTO nepe,l( HMM HaXO,l(5IT-
C JIl1lIIb cJla6ble CHJIbI npOTHBHHKa. 113 3Toro npHMepa BHOBb
CJIe,l(yeT, 4TO repMaHCKoe KOMaH,l(OBaHl1e rOpa3,l(0 cepbe3Hee
OTHeCJIOCb K B03MO:>KHOCT M B03lI.YI1lHO i pa3BClI.KI1 C nepBbIX
:>Ke .n;HeH BOHHbI, qeM ee npOTI1BHl1KH.
Ha nepenpaBax qepe3 CaM6PY Ha'4aJIl1Cb 60B, B pe3Y JIbTaTe
KOTOpbIX QaCTI1 2-M: apMHH CTaJII1 nepeXO,l(I1Tb Ha npaBbIM 6e-
per peKM 11 npo.n;BHraThC Bnepe,l(, OTTeCIHI CPpaHUY30B K IOry.
Bocm01l1l0eBpOneUCKUU meamp
BMeCTO IlpHTBHua KOMan.n;YIOU{HM 8-H apMl1H Ha3HaqaeT-
CH rHH,l.{CH6ypr, HatJaJIbHHKOM lllTa6a - JIIO.n;CHlI.Opcp. I-IapeB-
CKa51 pYCCKa5I apMl1 npo.n;BHHYJIaCb CHJIaMI1 n:BYX KopnYCOB 3a
JIHHHIO ITpacHbIlII - I1.exaHHOB. ITepc.n; repManCKHM KOMaH){O-
BaHHeM BCTaJI Bonpoc - npO.lI.OJI:>Kl1T JIM apMH PeUHeIIKaMII-
cpa ,l(Bl1)KeHHe na KeHl1rc6epr l1JIH OTnpaBHTC5I Ha rrO,lUJ:Cp)KKY
HapeBCKOM apMI1I1?
JIpOBU1f1J,UR lJ,uuaao
repMaHCKoe npaBHTCJIbCTBO OT03BaJIO CBocro rrOCJIaHHI1Ka
H3 51rroHI1H. B 3TOT :>Ke .n;CHb npOrpeMCJIH ncpBbIC BbICTpeJIbI 11
npOJIHJIaCb KpOBb HaJ!QJlb1le60CmOll1-l0 t mealnpe BoeHHbIX .l{e i-
CTBHM; repMaHCKHC 6eperOBble 6aTapeH rrpeno.n;aJIH ypOK OCTO-
72
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 60Ullbl
P0)KHOCTM 6JIOKMPYIOIIU1M Kopa6JI M, 3aCTaBI1B HX OTOHTH rro-
.lI.aJIblIIe OT rr06epe)Kb .
ry6epHaTOp UMH,n:aO Mei1:ep- BaJIb,n:eK TeJIerpaqYHpOBaJI
KaH3epy, qTO KperrOCTb 6y,n:eT ,n:ep)KaTbC ,n:0 rrOCJIe,n:HeH B03-
MO)KHOCTH. BeqepOM 3TOrO ,n:H OH rrOJIyql1JI OTBeTHYIO TeJIe-
rpaMMY: Bor 3aIl1MTMT BaC B rrpe,n:CT05IIl1eH T5I)KeJIOH 60pb6e.
MbICJIeHHO C BaMI1. BMJIbreJIbM .
KpenOCTb npaKTMqeCKM He MMeJIa CBoero cpJIOTa, 3aTO pac-
rrOJIaraJIa MOIl1HOH 6eperOBOH apTHJIJIepMei1:. q TO KacaeTCH
aBl1aQMM, TO B KpenOCTM MMeJIOCb JIHlIIb ,n:Ba arrrrapaTa PYMII-
JIep- Tay6e , O,n:HH H3 KOTOpbIX pa36MJIC HaKaHYHe rrpH noca,n:-
Ke. BeCb aBMarrapK 06CJIY)KHBaJIH .lI.Ba BoeHHbIX JIeTql1Ka (O,n:HH
M3 HMX - aBCTpMeQ) M 4 TeXHMKa.
ABMaUMoHHbIe CMJIbI 51rroHMM COCTO JIH M3 4-x a3pOrrJIaHOB
6eperoBoH aBHaUMI1 (1-ro PYMrrJIepa M 3-x <I>apMaHoB ),
HMeBlIIMX 75 qeJIOBeK 06cJIyrn, H 3-x cy,n:OBbIX a3pOrrJIaHOB (2-x
rrOnJIaBKOBbIX M 1- ro KOJIeCHOrO 6MrrJIaHOB TMrra <I>apMaH ).
Bcero 5IIIOHH HMeJIa B 1914 r. 38 a3pOrrJIaHOB.
23 aBzycma - PaUOH Ca.;u,6Pbl U M aaca: ropo,n: HaMIOp B35IT
repMaHQaMM, 3aXBa1.JeHbI cpOpTbI MaplIIOBeJIeT, KOHbeJIe, Me-
3epe. repMaHCKaH rreXOTa ,n:OXO,n:MT ,n:o CaM6pbI M Maaca B paH-
OHe I-IaMIOpa, MOCTbI qepe3 peKY B30pBaHbI. 3- repMaHCKaH
apMM nepeXO.lI.MT Maac y L(MHaHa.
3Jlb3ac-JIomapuHlUR: OTXO,n: <ppaHUY3cKMX BOHCK OT Bore3-
CKMX nepeBaJIOB.
Cpa)KeHHe y MOHca Me)K,n:y 1-" repMaHcKoti apMMeti M 6pH-
TaHCKHMM 3Kcne,n:MUMOHHbIMH CHJIaMM.
113 llITa6a 3-H repMaHCKOH: apMHH rJIaBHOMY KOMaH,n:OBa-
HI1IO: ... OKOJIO 10 qaCOB YTpa rro ,n:OHeceHHIO JIeTqHKa apMei1-
CKoro aBHaOTpj),n:a npOTMBHHK npe,n:npMH5IJI OTXOn B IOrO-3anaJI;-
HOM HarrpaBJIeHMM... Ha OCHOBaHI1H 3THX ,n:aHHbIX MbI npe,n:rrpM-
H JIM rrpeCJIe,n:OBaHMe OTxo,n:5IIl1ero rrpOTMBHMKa C QeJIbIO
onepe,n:HTb ero B HarrpaBJIeHMM <I>MJIHrrrrBHJIb - POMepe, ,n:JI
qero 6bIJIa Ha3HaqeHa o,n:Ha ,n:MBM3M BOCTOqHee )l(MBe H
<DIOMe *.
B lIITa6 3-H apMMH npM6bIJI o<pHuep lIITa6a 2-i1: apMMM C
* I10JIYLfCIlO B rJl3BIIOM IJIT36c 25 3BrYCTa.
1914 lOa
73
npocb6bH nOMep)l(aTb ee HacTynJIeHl1e C paCCBeTOM Ha n03H-
UMH, 3aIUI1IUaeMhIe CI1JIaMI1 OKOJIO nHTI1 KopnYCOB C npaBbIM
<pJIaHrOM, ynl1palOIl{HMCH B MeTTeH; lIITa6 2-H repMaHCKOH
apMHI1 rrpOCHJI 0 nOMep)KKe B BH,n:e HacTyrrJIeHI1.H 3-H apMHH C
BOCTOKa Ha 3ana,a. KOMaH,n:YIOI.l.{HH 3-H apMI1H ,n:BHHYJI qeTblpe
Kopnyca 113 meCTH Ha 3arra,n:. C HacryrrJIeHHeM TeMHOTbI rep-
MaHCKI1M BOHCKaM y,n:a.nOCb OBJIa,n:eTb 3arra,n:HbIM 6eperOM Ma-
aca Me)K,n:y rYKC 11 JI3HH.
IlOCJIaHHbIe Ha pa3Bel1KY repMaHCKHe LU1pl1JKa6JIM Z- VII M
Z- VIII C 3a,aaHI1.H He BepHYJII1Cb.
f'errnHep nHCaJI BnOCJIeLJ;CTBI1I1, \ITO o6a LJ;MpI1JKa6JIH rrofH6-
JII1 H3-3a Heo6xo,l(I1MOCTI1 LJ;eHcTBOBaTb B rOpl1CTOH MeCTHO-
CTI1 C BbICOTaMI1 ,l(O 1500 M .
BoCm 1l0e8pOneucKuu meamp
1-H PYCCKaH apMI1H B 15 KM OT fYM6I1HHeHa, ee KOHHl1ua
6e3,n:eHcTBYeT. PeHHeHKaMn<p HarrpaBJIHeT YCI1JII1H rrpOTMB Kpe-
nocTI1KeHl1rc6ep
IlocJIe 13,5-Qac. nOJIeTa OKOJIO aaCTpl1HCKOM rJIaBHOH KBap-
Tl1pbI CHI13I1JIC.H ,l(Hpl1jJ(a6JIb llIIOTTe-JIaHu-2 , KOTOpbIH BeJI
pa3Be,n:KY B paHoHe XOJIM - JII06JII1H - KpaCHI1K H C006IUHJI
o HaqaJIe cpIDKeHIDI y KpacHHKa.
HaQHHaeTC JII06JIHH-XOJIMCKaH onepaQHH (BcTpeqHOe
cpIDKeHHe y KpacHHKa Me)l(,n:y 1-H aBCTpl1HCKOH H 4-M: PYCCKO:H
apMHHMH H y TOMamOBa Me)l(.ny 4-H aBcTpI1HCKOH 11 5-H PYC-
CKOH apMI1HMI1). ABCTpl1M:UbI C611JIH XIV rrpaBo<pJIaHrOBbIH
Koprryc 4-H PYCCKOH apMHI1 11 BbIHy,n:I1JII1 ero OTOHTI1 K Kpac-
HMKY. B 06paaOBaBIlleec Me)K,n:y XIV KoprrycoM H p. BMCJIa
4rOpJIO npOHHKJIH 3HaqHTeJIbHbIe CHJIbI aBCTpI1MUeB, yrpOJKaB-
liMe ,l(aJIbHeMllIl1M 06XO.l{OM npaBoro <pJIaHra 4-H apMI1H.
PYCCKaH B03.l{YWHaH paaBe,n:Ka Ha qeTBepTbIH H rrHTbIH LJ;eHb
CTpeMI1TeJIbHO paaBHBaBillerOCH HacTyrrJIeHHH 2-:H apMHI1 BbI-
.HBHJIa CKOnJIeHHe repMaHCKHX BOHCK \II1CJIeHHOCTblO LJ;O ,n:BYX
neXOTHbIX KopnYCOB Ha JIeBOM <pJIaHre PYCCKOH apMI1I1. OLJ;Ha-
KO B lIITa6ax apMHH 11 <ppOHTa 3TI1 CBe,n:eHHH B03,n:YlIIHOH pa3-
BeLJ;KH 6bIJII1 B3.HTbI no,n: COMHeHHe Ha TOM OCHOBaHHI1, qTO no
Hal16oJIee H3.,l(eJKHbIM ,n:aHHbIM areIiTypHoH pa3Be,n:KI1 TaKoe
74
, A8Ua Wl BeJlUKOU 80UHbl
u
KOJIH1.J:eCTBO repMaHCKHX BOHCK e,nBa HaC1.J:MTbIBaJIOCb Ha BCeM
pOHTeapMMH.KoMaH,nOBaHMepYCCKMXHenpMH JIOHHKaKHX
Mep HH no npOBepKe ,naHHbIX B03,nYlliHOH pa3Be,nKH, H11 no npe-
,nyrrpe)l< l(eHMIO B03MOJKHOrO Hana,n;eHH . 3TO npeHe6pe)KeHHe
OKaJKeTC pOKOBbIM.
C6HT C 3eMJIH M H3-3a rrOBpeJK,neHM MOTopa COBepIlIMJI
BbIHY)K,neHHYIO noca,n;KY OKOJIO JIbBoBa Ha aBCTpHHCKOH Tep-
pHTOpHH O,nHIi H3 JIY1.J:IlIHX pOCCHHCKHX JIeT1.J:HKOB-CnopTCMe-
HOB BaCHJIbeB*, BMeCTe C KOTOpbIM B Ka1.J:eCTBe BoeHHoro Ha-
6JIIO.n:aTeJI Ha 60pry Haxo,nHJIC reHepaJI MapTbIHOB * *. 06a
norranH B rrJIeH.
24 a8zycma - PaUOH CaM6pbl U Maaca: IlITypM <pOpTOB
HaMIOpa Ha IO)KHOM 6epery CaM6pbI: 3aXBa1.J:eHbI MaJIOH, C.-
3pl16ep, AH,nya.
3Jlb3ac-JIomapUlllUJl: Cpa)KeHHe Ha p. MepTe.
5- <ppaHQY3CKaH apMI1 OTXO,nHT Ha IOrO-3arra,n. AHrJII1H-
CKaH apMH OTXO,nI1T Ha lor.
113 «3allHCK11 <ppaH[(Y3CKoro KOMaH,nOBaHH .n:JI Bcex ap-
M11H : «B rrepBbIe .n:HH 60eB BbI BI1JIHCb He.n:OCTaTKH... aTaK11
rrp0J13Bo.n: TC 6e3 TeCHOH CB5I3H Me)K.n:y rreXOTOH 11 apTI1JIJIe-
pHeH». fIOKa eme 06 aBHa[(HH ,na)Ke pe1.J:b He H,neT.
Pa3BOpa1.J:HBaIOTC 6011 3a lllapMcKHH rrpOXOl1.
113 ,nOHeCeHI1H aBHaUl10HHOH pa3Be.n:K11 IX apMeHcKoro
Koprryca 3-H repMaHcKoH apMI1H: «8 qac. 15 MHH. YTpa. fIpo-
THBHI1K OTXO.n:HT C JII1HI1J1 CeH- fHCJIeH - )KI1BPI1 B 3anaL(HOM
11 IOJKHOM HarrpaBJIeHI1 X. fJIaBHble rrYTI1 OTxo.n:a: )KHBPH-
EaBe, MOHc-JIe-JIoHrBHJIb, MOHC- JKaHJIH- EaBe, EaBe-
CeH- BaaCT- )KaHJIe, O.n:peHbH- AHrp, Pya3eH- Ep11, AIIrp-
* BaCHJlbCO AJlcKCallJlP NICKCCCBUY (1881-1918) - 110 06pa30Ba1lH10 10pHCT,
OI<OIlYHJI 00 <I>pa1l1H1H IIIKOJIY EJICpHO H 1I0JIYYHJI JUfllJIOM IIHJIOTa N 192 B
1910 r. B TOM:>KC rOJlY COBCplUHJI 6CCIIOCa.IlOLfllblii IICpCJICT EJIHCanCTIIOJlh -
Tu(f>JIHC Ita CaMOJICTC «EJICpHO H 1I06CJlHJI B rpY"IIOBOM IICpCJICTC TICTCp-
6ypr - MocKBa (725 I<M); 011 OKa3aJIC}I CJlHIICTllCllllblM H3 JlCB TI1 JICTYI1KOB
llOJICTCBllIHM JlO (l>HIIHllla. C 1913 r. pa60TaJI JICTLfUKOM HCllblTaTCJICM B TIc-
Tcp6yprc. C lIaLfaJla BOHllbl npl1l1HMaJl YLfaCTI1C 13 60CBbiX JlCHCTlHUIX B Ka1lC-
CTBC OXOTII HKa. ITOCJIC IICYJlay 1101'0 1I06cra II i ([JIClla OKa3aJIC 1 B JJarcpc CTpO-
1'01'0 pC:>KI1Ma, rJlC 11 YMCp.
** rCIICpaJl MapTblllol3 I3CPIlYJIC 1 B POCCHIO If i IIJIClla B IIIOJIC 1918 r.
1914 lOa
75
BH6ypr...»; 06ll(HH OTXO,n; K M06e)Ky». KpOMe TOrO, 3THM )Ke
YTPOM 6bIJIO rrOJIyqeHO ,n;OHeCeHHe aBHapa3Be,n;KH 0 6ecrrop -
,n;OtIHOM OTXO,n;e <ppaHKO-aHfJIHMCKHX BOMCK B IOrO-3arra,n;HOM
HarrpaBJIeHHH. TaK)I(e C006IUaJIOCb, qTO Ha rrpHKpbITHe OTXO,n;a
OCTaBJIeHbI JIHlllb CJIa6bIe apbeprap,l(bI. TOTqaC )l(e B 9 qac. 45
MHH. YTpa 6bIJI OT,n;aH rrpHKa3 rro 3-H repMaHcKoM apMHH rrpe-
CJIe,n;OBaTb rrpOTHBHHKa B IOrO-3arra.l1HOM HarrpaBJIeHHH H npe-
rpa.l1HTb eMY rrYTH oTcTyrrJIeHH . B 3TOT )l(e ,n;eHb rJIaBHbIe CHJIbI
3-M repMaHcKoM apMHH rreperrpaBHJIHCb qepe3 Maac.
KaK MbI rrOMHHM, rro ,n;aHHbIM aBHapa3Be,n;KH 2-M apMHH, rep-
MaHL{aM rrpOTHBOCTO JIH <ppaHQY3cKHe BOHcKa CHJIOH ,n;o rr TH
KoprrYCOB, B CB 3H C qeM llITa6 2-H apMHH 06paTHJIC B lllTa6
3-H apMHH 3a rrOAnep)KKoH. TeM He MeHee B llITa6e 3-H apMHH,
CHaqaJIa ,n;BHHYBIlIHCb 6bIJIO Ha rrOAnep)KKY coce,n;eH, Ha CJIe,n;y-
lOll(ee YTPO rrpe,n;rrOtIJIH rrOBepHTb aBHapa3Be,n;Ke CBOMX JIeTqM-
KOB M CMeHMJIM HarrpaBJIeHMe y,n;apa. 3TO ,l(BM)I(eHMe CBM,n;eTeJIb-
cTByeT 0 cepbe3HOM ,n;OBepMM co CTOpOHbI repMaHCKoro lllTa6a
CBOMM rrMJIOTaM-Ha6JIIO,n;aTeJI M, M rrOJIYtIeHHOe rro,n;TBep)K,n;e-
HHe rrpaBOTbI B03,n;YIllHbIX pa3Be,n;qMKOB Y)I(e B CKOpOM BpeMe-
HM rrpMHeceT repMaHQaM xopOlllMe rrJIo,n;bI.
OllIM6KM B ,n;OHeceHH X aBMapa3Be,n;KM 2-M repMaHCKOM ap-
MMM 06'b CH JIM TeM, qTO 60JIbllIHHCTBO a3pOrrJIaHOB 2-H ap-
MMM, BorrpeKM rrpOTeCTaM MX KOMaH,n;MpOB, MCrrOJIb30BaJIOCb ,l(JI
rro,n;,l(ep)l(aHM CB 3M Me)l(,l(y qaCT MM H IllTa6aMM apMMH..
Bocm01l1l0eBpOneUC'KUU meamp
fepMaHCKaH aBMapa3Be,n;Ka ,n;OHeCJIa, qTO apMH PeHHeH-
KaMrrcpa rrpo,n;OJI)I(aeT ,n;BM)I(eHMe Ha KeHMrc6epr. OCHOBbIBaHCb
Ha 3TMX ,n;aHHbIX, a TaK)Ke Ha ,n;aHHbIX areHTYPHOM pa3Be,n;KM,
repMaHCKoe KOMaH,n;OBaHMe C,l(eJIaJIO 3aKJIIOqeHMe, qTO PeHHeH-
KaMrrcp He c06MpaeTC M,n;TM Ha rrOMOIUb 2-i1: PYCCKOH apMMM M
,n;BHHYJIO VII apMeMcKMH Koprryc 8-H apMMM M3 pai1:oHa BOC-
TOqHee 11HcTep6ypra M I pe3epBHbIM Koprryc ,n;JI pellIMTeJIb-
Horo y,n;apa rro HapeBcKoi1: apMMM rro,n; TaHHeH6eprOM.
113 fIMCbMa HeCTepOBa: «,l{oporaH ,l{MHa!.. TbI, rrO-BI1,n;MMO-
MY, .n:YMaeIlIb, '"ITO y Hac 3,n;eCb rrpOMcxo,n; T Ha HaIlIMX "Mopa-
nax" 6011, HO rrOKa 3Toro He 6bIJIO 3aMeTHO, XOT Be,n;YT rrJIeH-
76
Aeuau,USl BellUKOU 60UHbi
HbIX aBCTpHH:QeB B J(OBOJIbHO nOp J(OqHOM KOJIHqeCTBe, HO BCe
3TO B He60JIbIIIHX CTbIqKax. Hano J(YMaTb, qTO Tenepb rrpH6JIH-
)KaIOTC J(HH, KorJ(a KpynHbIe CHJIbI CTOJIKHyrC , T.K. Y Hac no
BceH JIHHHH HaCTYnJIeHHe MaCCOH. Ha J(H X H MbI J(YMaeM ne-
peXOJ(HTb n06JIH)Ke H, MO)KeT 6bITb, nepeMJ(eM rpaHHI.!Y, rJ(e
OCTaHOBHMC 6HBaKOM. KaJK.lJ;bIM H3 Hac Y)Ke n06bIBan no 2-3
pa3a 3a rpaHHQeH H npOH3BeJI pa3BeJ(KY, J(aBIllYIO Te MJIH HHble
CBeJ(eHH . 51 OTKpbIJI <Pa6pHKY "MopaHoB"; ycrreJI rrOJIOMaTb
TPH pa3a "MopaH", J(Ba pa3a cepbe3HO, a OJ(MH pa3 BCTan "Ha
norra" H corHY JI TOJIbKO HOCOK Y MOTopa, BMHT OCTaJIC}1 ueJI.
06'b CHIO 3TO Bo06me nepeYTOMJIeHHeM H3-3a ,n:e TeJlbHOCTH
no KOMaH,n:OBaHHIO OTp ,n:OM. qacTo npHxo,n:MTC}1 6bIBaTb B lIITa-
6e apMHH, T. e. B TbIJIY H B rrepe,n:OBbIX OTp}1,n:ax, T. e. Ha rpaHMI.!e,
TaK qTO BneqaTJIeHH CMeH IOTC OqeHb 6bICTpO. I10Jlyql1J1 aB-
TOM06HJIb "Mepce,n:ec" C ry ,n:KOM TaKHM, KaK XO,l\I1J1 MMMO Hac,
H qaCTO Ha HeM e3,n:HM...
Hy, QeJIYIO KpenKO, noitay rrocnmo - 12 C qeTBepTbIO HOQI1.
BpeMeHH cB06o,n:Horo MaJIO, Bce OTpbIBaIOT ,n:JI}1 6YMar... TBOM
neT ».
Ha DaJIKaHCKOM <ppoHTe 3aKOHQMJlOCb rrepBoe HacryrrJle-
HMe aBCTpO-BeHrepCKHX BOMCK. Cep6bI, rrOCTerreHHO nepeH,l\}1
B KOHTpHacTynJleHMe, OTIeCHHJIH npOTHBHI1Ka K peKaM CaBe 11
):(pHHe.
25 a6zycma - PaHOH CaM6pbI H Maaca: naJlH rrOCJIe,n:HMe
<pOpTbI HaMIOpa. B 060poHe ropo,n:a Hap ,n:y C 6eJIbrl1HQaMI1
rrpHHHMano YQaCTHe 12 TbIC. <ppaHQy30B; TeM He MeHee, B EeJlb-
mH Bce ynopHee pacrrpOCTpaH eTC KpbIJIaT£UI <popMYJIa: Cna-
CTH BeJIbrHIO MOryT TOJIbKO - CTHXHHHOCTb PYCCKHX H CTOH-
KOCTb aHrJII1t.JaH».
Ap,n:eHHbI: cpIDKeHHe Y JIoHrBH npOHrpaHO <ppaHQY3aMM,
3- <ppaHnY3CK£UI apMH OTXOJ(HT K BepJ(eHY H Ha JIHHHIO Ma-
aCCKHX BbICOT. CJIeJ(yeT ,n:HpeKTHBa reHepana )Ko<p<ppa 0 npe-
KpaIneHHH npHrpaHH'IHOrO cpIDKeHH H 06IneM OTxo,n:e <ppaH-
QY3CKHX BOHCK.
He 6y,n:y-'iH B COCTO HHH cxo,n:y OBJIa.neTh AHTBeprreHoM,
repMaHQbI nOJ(BeprJIH ero 6oM6ap,n:HpoBKe rro,n: npHKpbITHeM
HOqH. PaHHHM yrpOM repMaHcKHH QenneJIHH c6poCHJI HecKOJIb-
1914 lOa
77
KO 601\1:6 Ha AHTBeprreH, B OJJ.HOM JJ.OMe 6bIJIO y6MTO 6 )KMTCJIeH
np}lMO B rrOCTeJIH. Bcero B 3TOT HaJIeT rrorM6JIo 10 qeJIOBeK 11
)tBoe YMepJII1 BrrOCJIe)tCTBMI1 OT pall.
O,n;HaKo I1eCKOJIbKO MH(UI KapTHHa BbIpaCTaCT 113 orry6JIH-
KOBaHHoro BCKope rrOCJIe 3Toro C06bITI-HI paCCKa3a OqeBI1,n;ua*:
51 rrpOCHYJIC B rrepBOM qacy HOql1 OT OrJIYIIIMTeJIbHOM KaHO-
Ha){bI. BbI6e)KaB Ha YJIHQY, YBM){eJI BBepxy, CPYTax B 700 Hall
3eMJIeM, OrpOMHblH uerrneJIHH. EpoJJ. rro ropo){y, HaCql1TaJI
He MeHee 10 pa3JIMQHhIX YJIHu, rrOCTpa){aBIIIMX OT 60M6. TIo
MOMM paCQeTaM OKOJIO 900 rrOCTpoeK pa3Horo po,n;a rrOJlYQMJII1
JIerKMe rrOBpe)K){eHI1 , a 60 ,n;OMOB rrO){BeprJII1Cb rrOQTI1 rrOJIHO-
MY pa3pYIIIeHHIO. lJl1CJIO )KepTB eme He YCTanOBJIeHO. JII1QHO
Ha CBoeM rrYTH HaTKHYJIC Ha 4 Tpyrra. B O){HOM YQaCTKe y e-
JIeJI O,n;MH TOJIbKO JJ.OM. BOKpyr Hero 110 BceM HarrpaBJIeHI1 M
pa36pocaHhi 6blJII1 TeJIa H3YBeQeHHhIX 06bIBaTeJIeM. rJIaBHaH
rrJIOmallb BJI JIa KapTHHY caMoro CTpalliHoro pa3pyrneHMSl,
KaKHe MHe TOJlbKO npMxO)tHJIOCb BM){eTb. 51 XO,n;HJI B COrrpOBO)K-
){eHI1H KOpOJIeBCKOro ceKpeTap . DOM6bI 6pOCaJIMCb B rry6JIMQ-
HbIe 3){aHH , oco6eHHO ycep){HO - B KOpOJIeBCKMM ){BOpeQ.
CeKpeTaph ,n;a.n MHe OCKOJIKM 60M6bI, HaM){eHHbIe y ,n;Bopua,
J(a6bI Bce npaBI1TeJIbCTBa EBpOI1bI H AMepl1KI1 rro CBH){eTeJIb-
CTBaM OQeBI1,n;UeB MOrJIH 06De){I1HMTbC B rrpOTeCTe. 51 rrorrpo-
CHJI ceKpeTap no I1HOCTpaHHbIM ,n;eJlaM 6apona (POR - ,n;ep 3JIb-
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BeJIh){e, MMHI1CTpa I1MaHca M rpacpa r06Jle COrrpOBOJK,n;aTb MeH .
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nepBbIe uerrrreJII1HbI, nHCaJI B cBoeM 3aMeTKe, BbIllIe){llleH B
Epl1TaHMM TPH Mec ua crrYCT : «KorJJ.a 3arneJI B KOMHaTY pa3-
60M6JIeHHOrO ,n;OMa, f){e nepe,n; TeM crra.na )KeHll(I1Ha, TO y MeH
3aKpY)KMJIaCb rOJIOBa 11 MeH 3aTOrnHHJIO, rrOCKOJIbKY )KeHIl(I1-
Ha 6blJIa pa30pBaHa 6YKBaJIbHO Ha KJIOQKI1. ITOJI, CTeHbI, nOTO-
JIOK - Bce 6bIJIO 3aJI rraHO... CJIOBOM, Bce, QTO OCTaJIOCb OT )KeH-
* HI" B OJlIIOM H3JlallHH IIC YKa::laIlO, KTO BJI JIC 3THM Ol.lCBHJlI1CM; 110, CYJ(}I
110 BCCMY, 1I013CCTBOBallHC BC/lCTC OT I1MCIIH KOpOJI ATlb6cpTa.
78
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ll.{HHbI, MO)KHO 6bIJIO C06paTb TOJIbKO nOJIOTeHueM... B CKBepe
n06JII130CTI1 OLI;I1H nOJIl1ueHCKI1H Ha nocT)' Ha LI;aJIbHeM KOHue
nJIOll.{a)J:11 6bIJI y611T MrHOBeHHO, a LI;pyrOMY OTOpBaJIO 06e HorH...
JKeHll.{I1He, KOTopa npOCHYJIaCb npl1 nepBbIX B3pbIBax 11 BbI-
CYHYJIaCb H3 OKHa, QT06bI nOCMOTpeTb, tITO npOI1CXO,l!I1T, OTO-
pBaJIO rOJIOBY .
DOeBaH BbIJIa3Ka 6eJIbrMHCKOH apMI1H H3 AHTBepneHa OKOH-
tIl1JIaCb HeYLI;atIeM:.
B 3TO BpeM Ha3peBaIOT pOKOBbIe C06bITI1 nOLI; I1apH)KeM.
M3 LI;OHeCeHI1 aBI1aUl10HHOH pa3Be,l!KI1 IX apMeticKoro
Kopnyca 3-H repMaHcKoH apMI1I1: 8 tIac. 50 MI1H. YTpa... npo-
TI1BHI1K B 6 Qac. 50 MI1H. yrpa OT nepeKpeCTKa ,[(opor y DaBe
60JIbllII1MI1 CI1JIaMI1 OTXO,[(I1T K ABeH - JIe- KaTo - JIe- KeHya
11 TOJIbKO MaJIbIMI1 - K M06e)KY .
3Kl1na)K norH6IlIero LI;l1pl1)Ka6JI z- VIII ,l!06paJIc LI;O pac-
rrOJIO)KeHI1 CBOeM: tIaCTI1 11 LI;OCTaBHJI HY)KHbIe CBeLI;eHI1 .
BOCm01./,HOeBpOneucKuu meamp
5- PYCCKaH apMI1 , BbInOJIH ,l!l1peKTI1BY 0 nOLI;,l!ep)KKe 4-M
apMI1I1, CLI;eJIaJIa 3aXO)K,l!eHl1e JIeBbIM nJIetIOM 11 K Beqepy 3aH -
JIa CJIeLI;YIOIUl1e n0311UI1I1: XXV Kopnyc - Ha JII1HI1I1 MallioB -
MI1XaJIeB - DOLI;atIeB - 3aMocTbe; XIX Kopnyc - B patio He
KOMapOB - 3y60BI1Ue; V Kopnyc - HOBOCeJIKI1 - BapeH)K;
XVII Kopnyc ceBepHee COKaJIb.
KOMaH,l!OBaHHe 4-ti aBCTpl1HCKOH apMHI1 pellIl1JIO rrpOLI;OJI-
)KHTb HatIaTOe HacTynJIeHl1e, HanpaBJI JIeBOe KpbIJIO Ha XOJIM.
B pe3Y JIbTaTe np0I13011IJIO BCTpetIHOe Cpa)KeHl1e 5- i1 apMl111
I1JIeBe C 4-H apMl1eH Ay<p<peH6epra. 3aBH3aJII1Cb 6011 II aBCT-
pl1HCKOrO 11 XXV pYCCKoro KopnYCOB 3a nepenpaBbI y DorLI;a-
HOBa H MI1XaJIeBa.
C PYCCKOM CTOpOHbI np0l13BeLI;eHbI LI;Ba pa3Be,l!bIBaTeJIbHbIX
nOJIeTa: 9-H aBl1aOTp LI; - B He60JIbllIOM paHoHe DYCK, KpacHe,
rJII1H HbI (HanpaBJIeHl1e Ha JIbBOB); 11-M: aBl1aOTp ,l! - B paH-
OHe JIbBOBa. M3 panopTa HeCTepOBY: ...I10 OKOH4aHI1H pa3-
neLI;KI1 npI1MepHO B patio He LI;ep. BI1HHI1KI1 BCTpeTI1JII1 Henpl1 -
TeJIbCKI1H a3pOnJIaH CI1CTeMbI PatiT, nOLI;H BlIII1tic HaBCTpetIy
113 paHOHa BOCTOtIHee JIbBoBa; OT BCTpetIl1 C HaMI1 PaHT YKJIO-
1914 lOa
79
HHJICR, npOJIeTeB MHMO Ha paCCTO.HHHH OKOJIO nOJIYBepCTbI;
BBHLJ;Y TOrO, qTO MbI Be3JIH ueHHbIe CBeLJ;eHH.H, OT C6JIHJKeHH.H C
npOTHBHHKOM Ha BbICTpeJI MaY3epa npHIlIJIOCb OTKa3aTbC.H...
I10PyqHK PHXTep. I10PYlJ:HK I1epet(KOB...
113 3TOrO t(OHeCeHH.H BHLJ;HO, qTO Y BbInOJIH.HBIIlHX pa3BeLJ;-
KY JIeTqHKOB npH BCTpeqe C a3p0l1JIaHOM npOTMBHHKa B03HH-
KaJIO eCTeCTBeHHOe )KeJIaHMe HanaCTb Ha Hero. OLJ;HaKO caMa
B03MO)l(HOCTb BeLJ;eHH.H B03LJ;YIllHoro nOeLJ;HHKa 6blJIa ellte Ha-
CTOJIbKO HeOnpeLJ;eJIeHHOH, a cpet(CTBa 60pb6bI HaCTOJIbKO Ma-
JI03<p<peKTMBHbIMH, qTO t(OBOLJ;bI pa3YMa nepeBellII1BaJIl1 H npl1-
HY)I(LJ;aJIl1 nMJIOTOB OTKa3bIBaTbC.H OT TaKHX nonbITOK.
K LJ;OHeCeHMIO PHXTepa- I1epeLJ;KOBa 6blJIa npl1JIO)KeHa cxe-
Ma YKpenJIeHMH JIbBOBa. PaHOH IO)l(Hee rJIHH.HHbI He 06cJIeLJ;0-
BaJIC.H, n03TOMY nOLJ;XOLJ; LJ;BYX aBCTpHHCKMX KopnYCOB K p. 30-
JIOTaJI JIHna, a TaK)Ke HeCKOJIbKMX qaCTeM K p. byr 06HapY)Ken
He 6blJI; KOMaHLJ;YlOlltHH <ppOHTOM I1BaHoB 6bIJI nOrJIOmeH CBO-
HM perneHHeM 6paTb JIbBOB He3aBI1CHMO HH OT qero H no
CTopOHaM He CMOTpeJI.
PYCCKMe aBMaTopbI CHOBa OTMeqaJIH npot(OJI)KaBllIeeCH CO-
CpeLJ;OTOqeHHe repMaHC HX CHJI Ha JIeBOM <pJIaHre PYCCKOH ap-
MHH. Ho M K 3THM CBeLJ;eHH.HM OTHeCJII1Cb C HeLJ;OBepHeM, M npe)K-
,l(e Bcero KOMaHtI.Hp VI apMeHcKoro Kopnyca, LJ;eMCTBOBaBllIero
Ha JIeBOM cpJIaHre.
26 aszycma - 4-.H Q>paHUY3CKa.H apMH.H OTXOl(HT 3a Maac
M B3pbIBaeT nepenpaBbI.
KOpOJIb Anb6epT nOJIyqaeT nMCbMO OT reHepaJIa JIeMaHa:
. nOCJIe u;eJIoro p.HLJ;a ynopHbIX 60eB .H npHllIeJI K 3aKJIIOqeHHIO,
tITO <pOpTbl JIbe)Ka MorYT HrpaTb pOJIb JIHIllb BpeMeHHoH 3a-
,l(ep)l(KM. TeM He MeHee, .H COXpaHHJI BoeHHoe ynpaBJIeHHe, tI.a6bl
He HapYlliaTh COrJIaCOBaHHbIX 060pOHHTeJIbHbIX Mep M OKa3aTb
HpaBCTBCHHoe B03LJ;eHCTBHe Ha l(YX rapHl130Ha. 51 24 qaca Ha-
XOtI.HJICH B cpopTe JIIOCI1H. STOT <pOpT 6blJI B30pBaH... OQ>l1uepbI
IlITa6a BbIHeCJIH MeHSI... repMaHCKMH KanMTaH B3 JI MeH.H B
nJIeH. BbICOKO qT.H Hallie opY)KHe,.H He C,lJ,aBaJI HI1 KpenOCTH, HI-I
cpopToa. bJIarOBOJIMTe npOCTI-ITb MeH.H, rOCYLJ;apb. Bce MOM no-
MbICJIbl 6bIJIH Bcer,n:a C BeJIbrHeH H MOHM KopOJ1eM. 51 OXOTHO
OTLJ;aJI 6bl CBOIO )KH3Hb 3a HHX, !f0 MHe He tI.ano 6blJI0 YMepeTb .
80
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repMaHCKa.Sl rJIaBHaJI KBapTHpa COBepmaeT elI.{e O,ltHO OT-
CTYl1JIeHHe OT nepBOHaqaJIbHOrO nJIaHa, npHHHMaeT pemeHl1e
o nepe6pocKe Ha BOCTOlJ:HbIH cppOHT fBapJJ:eHCKOrO pe3epBHO-
ro Kopnyca H XI Kopnyca, a TalOKe 8-H KaBaJIepHHCKoH ,ltl1BH-
3HH.
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Ta ,ltBa Kopnyca H rrpHKaaaB HM CJIe,ltOBaTb B BOCTOqHYIO I1pyc-
CHIO, eme ,ltBa Kopnyca OTnpaBMJI Ha AHTBepneH M O,ltMH KOp-
nyc rrpOTHB M06ejf{a, OCJIa6HB TaKHM 06paaOM, OCHOBHYIO y,ltap-
HYIO CHJIY no,lt I1apH)I(eM Ha ueJIYIO apMHIO.
B paHOHe MapHbI CcpOpMHpOBaHa cppaHUY3CKaSI 3CKa,ltPH-
JIb.Sl H3 lJ:eTbIpex MopaHOB-COJIHbe. no,lt KOMaHJJ;OH Karrl1TaHa
)l(aHepo, B COCTaB 3CKa,ltpMJIbH BXO,ltHT nMOT POJIaH,lt fappo
(BOT KOr,lta 3TOT 3aMelJ:aTeJIbHbIH JIeTtIHK BnepBbIe ,lteHCTBHTeJIb-
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3-.SI cppaHUY3CKa.SI 3CK3.,ltpHJIb.Sl B COCTaBe meCTH a3pOnJIa-
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6ap,ltHpOBaTb JII06ble nOrrClJ(alOmHeC.SI Ha rJIaaa CKOnJIeHH.SI rrpo-
THBHMKa.
113 ,ltOHCCeHH.SI IllTa6a 7-H repMaHCKOH apMMM rJIaBHOMY
KOMaH.l(OBaHHIO: HaIllM JIeTlJ:HKH OTJIHlJ:HO BbInOJIH.SIIOT CBOH
06.S13aHHOCTH. cDpaHUY3CKHe JIeTlJ:HKM He MCnOJIb3YIOTC.SI .l(JI.SI
,ltaJIbHeH pa3Be,ltKH H pa60TalOT 60JIbWe B ueJI.SIX 6JIH)I(HeH pa3-
Be.l(KH, B paaBe,ltKe nOJI.SI CpIDKeHH.SI, M B 3TOM OTHOIlleHHH OHH
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3TO .l(OHeCeHl1e CBH,lteTeJIbCTByeT 0 BHHMaTeJIbHOM OTHO-
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CAMCOHOBCKAHKATACTPO A
3aB.SI3bIBaeTC.SI Cpa)l(eHMe MeJK.l{y 2-w PYCCKOH Ii 8-H rep-
MaHCKOH apMH.SIMH ( caMCOHOBCKoe cpIDKeHHe., KaHHbI MH-
pOBOH BOHHbIj), caMCOHOBCKaJI KaTaCTpo<pa , .0nepaUH.SI fMH-
'" B IICpBblC MCC}lllbl OOHllbl KaiKJlblH JIHIIIJlHH npcJlMCT Ita 60PTY aapOIIJlalia
DJlH}lJI lIa CIHDKCIIHC CKOpOCTH H OblC01'bl IIOJICTa, 1l03TOMY JIC1'LfHKH IICOX01'-
110 6paJi H C C060H 60M6hl H CTpCJI hI. TCM 60JICC, LfTO 5-Kr H 1 O-Kr 60M6bl, HMCB-
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1914 lOiJ
81
)teIi6ypra , Cpa)KeHlie no,lJ. TaHHeH6eproM HJIH npOCTO TaH-
HeH6epr ).
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)ta TOMallIoB. OKOJIO 14 t{aCOB HeO)l(HtJ;aHHO tJ;JI.H PYCCKHX 3aBR-
3bIBaeTC.H Cpa)l(eHHe Y p. 30JIOTa.H JIHna. CTOJIKHOBeHHe IX H
VI aBcTpHHCKHX H XIX PyccKoro KopnycoB rrOCTeneHHO pa3-
paCTaeTC.H B 60JIbllIOe BCTpelJ:HOe CpajKeHHe, Ha3bIBaCMoe B aB-
CTpHHCKHX HCTOt{HHKax Cpa)l(eHHeM Y KOMapoBa, B PYCCKHX -
TOMallIoBcKHM.
4-.H neXOTHCUI )tHBH3H.H, HaXOtJ;MBllIa.HC.H Y 5Hlllo<pc6ypr ,
6bIJIa BHe3anHo* aTaKOBaHa notJ;OllieJ(IlIMMH C ceBepo-BocToKa
repMaHCKI1MI1 BOHcKaMH H oT6pollieHa K llIoncHreHY.
PyccKHe apMHH nOJ(OllIJIH KO JIbBOBY. rOTOBI1TC.H peIlIHTCJIb-
Hoe HacTynJIeHHe. .IIoJ(roToBKa onepaUHI1 cOnpOBO)l(J{aeTC}!
neperpyiInHpoBKoH BOHCK. ABCTpHfIUbI BceMH CJ1JIaMH I1bITa-
IOTCR npHocTaHoBHTb HacTynJIeHl1e PYCCKHX; cnelIlHO nOJ].T.H-
rHBa.H pe3epBbI. ABCTpHHCKOH aBHaUHH nOCTaBJICHa 3aJ(a l IJ
pa3BeJ(aTb nepe)tBI1)1(eHI1H H KOMMYHI1KaUHI1 PYCCKI1X, a TaK)Ke
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c6paCbIBa.H nonYTHO He60JIbllIHe 60M6bI Ii MHorOt{I1CJIeIIHbIC
CTpeJIbI. CpeJ(CTB nOMellIaTb HM B 3TOH pa60Tc y PYCCKHX npaK-
THt{eCKI1 He 6bIJIO.
27 a8zycma - ,l{l1peKTI1Ba repMaHCKoro KOMalItJ;OBaHH.H 0
nOp.HJ(Ke npeCJIetJ;OBaHH.H COI03HbiX apMHH - HeMeJ(JIeHHO
HacrynaTb K <ppaH1tY3cKOM: CTOJU1ue»-.
B paHoHe MOH)tH,lJ.be Hat{HHaeT cpOpMl1pOBaTbC.H HOBaH
<ppaHUY3cKaJI apMH.H (JIoTapHHrCKa.H, OHa )Ke COMMCKa.H, OHa
)ICe IIapI1JKcKCUI, OHa jf(e 6-}1 cppaHUY3CKaJI).
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HHe M.H ynoTpe6JIeHI1.H apTHJIJIepI1H», B KOTOpOM Tpe6yeT o6ec-
nelJ:HTb nOJIHYIO CB.H3b Mejf(tJ;y neXOTOHI1 apTlfJIJlepHCH. J!aJIee B
III Bllc3allUOCTlJ rcpMaliCKoro uallaJlCIliHI - PC3YJlbTaT IICJlOBCPH}1 pyccKoro
KOMallJlOBalllHI K JlalillblM 1303JlYIIIIIOH pCL1BCJlKH, BCC IIOCJIL'JlIIHC lllll' J10IIO-
CHDIIICii 0 KOlIllCIITpJ1pOnallUIi rcpMallCKHX BOi1CK lIa JICBOM <t)Jlalirc.
82
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YKa3aHMH rOBOpHTCH: HaKOHel{, CJIe,n:yeT nO,n:paJKaTb HameMY
rrpOTHBHI1KY, llIHpOKO npHMeHHIOIlI-eMY a3pOnJIaHbI tJ;JIH no,n:ro-
TOBKH CBOHX aTaK. 3TI1 a3pOnJIaHbI JleTaIOT Ha,n: MeCTHOCTbIO
Bnepe]1H cppOHTa 11 tJ;aIOT B03MO)l(HOCTb apTHJIJlepHH 6paTb n tJ;
06CTpeJI Ha MaKCHMaJIbHYIO ,n:aJIbHOCTb ee OPYtJ;HH HaIllI1 cocpe-
,l.(OTOqeHI1H H HallIl1 KOJIOHHbI, TaK tITO MbI He MO)l(eM tJ;aJKe npH-
6JIH3HTeJIbHO onpetJ;eJIHTb pacnOJIO)l(eHHe 6aTapeM.
Tenepb, KortJ;a MbI BOlliJIH B conpHKOCHOBeHl1e C npOTHB-
HHKOM Ha BceM cppOHTe apMHM:, qHCJIO CaMOJIeTOB, He06xotJ;H-
MblX )])151 CTpaTerHtIeCKOM: pa3Be,n:KH, CI1JIbHO COKpaTHJIOCb. Ta-
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nplfMeH TbCH tJ;JI5I CJIetJ;YIOIlI-HX 3atI;aq:
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CKOJIbKHX JIeT, 11.0CTaTOtIHO MHOrOtIHCJIeHHbl, tIT06bI B Ka)KtJ;OM
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aBHal{HM, np11H Tb He06xotJ;HMbIe I1CnOJIHI1TeJIbHbIe MCpbI.
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CTpeJIb6bI B fepMaHHM C yqacTHeM JIeTtIHKOB 6bIJIH npoBe.n;eHbl
npl1 apTHJIJIepl1HCKOM IlIKOJIe B oKT 6pe 1912 r., a 3aTeM BecHoM
1913 r. Tpl1 ocpl1l{epa apTHJIJICpl1CTa nOJIYQHJII1 Cnel{l1aJIbHYIO
IIO.llrOToBKY no 3TOMY tJ;eJIy... l{aTIbHeMllIHx llIarOB B 3TOM HanpaB-
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1914 lOa
83
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113 nHCbMa HecTepoBa )f(eHe: l(oporasll(HHOlJKa!.. MbI Y)f(e
TPH ,l{H 3a rpaHHueH B DpO,l{ax. CerO,l{H nepeXO,l{I1M erne rJIy6-
)l(e KO JIbBOBY. Bce MbI 3,l{OpOBbI, KpoMe faBHHa, KOToporo co
BlJepallIHero ,l{H He ,l{O)f(,l{anHCb. 0 cY,l{b6e ero HHKTO He 3I1aeT,
no BceH BepO$lTHOCTH, nonan B nJIeH. BlJepa MHe C006II.!I1JII1
6YMary 0 Harpa)l(,l{eHMH MeH Op,l{eHOM BJIaztHMHpa 4-w CTene-
HH 3a MHpHoe BpeM ... )KHBeM MbI B rrOMernHlJbeM .lI.OMe KaK
6ape, HO pa60Ta Y Hac T.HiKeJIa . BlJepa BeqepOM 6bIJI B lllTa6c
apMHH H e3,l{HJI Ha nepe,l{OBbIe n03HQHH, Ha6JIIO,l{an rrepBbIH pa3
60H. DbIJI 60JIbIllOH 6oH, KapTHHa OqeHb CHJIbHa5I, BnelJaTJIe-
HHe TaKoe nOJIytlaeTC , qTO npHXO,l{HIllb K 3aKJIIOqeHHIO 0 6ec-
CMbICJIeHHOCTH BOHHbI. PaHeHbIe H,l{YT cnOKOHHO, C qYBCTBOM
HCrrOJIHeHHOro ,l{OJIra H 6e3ponOTHO. B TbIJIY, r,l{e MbI nOMeIl{a-
eMC.H, ,l{O CHX rrop 3Toro He 6bIJIO BH,l{HO, n03TOMY 0 BOHHe He
,l{YManOCb. Hy, ueJIYIO Te6 ... TBOH IIeT$I».
K BelJepy Ha yqaCTKe OT KaMeHKH ,l{O t{YHaeBa 06CTaHOBKa
,l{JI$I PYCCKHX CKJIal{bIBanaCb 6JIarOrrpH THO; 60JIee BOCbMH aB-
CTpHHCKHX ,l{HBH3HH oTcTynHJIH, HeC5I 60JIbllIHe nOTepH. .
BbInHCKa H3 )l(ypHana 0 60eBbIX ,l{eHCTBH$lX: ...13-ro aBr. B
7 lJac. 20 MHH. YTpa BoeHHbIH JleTlJl1K IIITa6c- KanHTaH faBHII, C
Ha6JIIO,l{aTeJIeM, npHlJHCJIeHHbIM K feHepanbHoMY IIlTa6y nopy-
QHKOM 168 nex. MHprOpO,l{CKOrO rrOJIKa PI1XTepOM Ha I-IbIorro-
pe NQ 45 C MOTOpOM fHOM 70 HP BbIJIeTeJI Ha pa3Be.llKY YK-
perrJIeHHM r. JIbBoBa. Hal{ JIbBOBOM annapaT 6bIJI nOJ.I.6I1T rnpan-
HeJIbIO B JIeBOe KpbIJIO, npHlJeM O,l{HOBpeMeHHo OCTaHOBJ1JIC5I
MOTOp; BBH,l{Y 3Toro 6bIJI C,l{eJIaH BbII-IYJK}1eHHbIH cnycK B pat'l-
OHe, 3aB TOM aBCTpHHCKHMH BOHCKaMH. l{a6bI He ,l{aTb arrna-
paT HenpH$lTeJIIO - annapaT 6bIJI nO,l{O)K)f(eH, a caM JIeTt{HK C
Ha6JIIO,l{aTeJIeM I-IanpaBHJIHCb K PYCCKOH apMHH. rrpOH,l{ OT arr-
84
A8ua Wl BeJlUKOU 8oii1lbt
napaTa He60JIbllIOe paCCTOSlHHe, OHH YBHtJ;eJIH, qTO annapaT 6bIJI
OXBaqeH nJIaMeHeM. JIeTqHKH 6JIarOnOJIyqHO B03BpaTHJIHCb.
IIOtJ;aH aKT 06 HCKJIIOqeHHH annapaTa 3a NQ 121». IIo tJ;opore
JIeTqHKH B3S1JII1 B nJIeH aBcTpHHcKoro COJIJ(aTa, KOTOpbIH «OKa-
3aJICSI XOpOllIHM npOBOJ(HHKOM».
TeJIerpaMMa H3 llITa6a 3-M apMHH KOMaH.ZJ;Hpy IX Kopnyca:
«CJI aH cTpeJIb6bI no CBOI1M a3ponJIaHaM npotJ;OJDKaIOTCSI, He-
CMOTpSl Ha SlCHble npl13HaKH, cerOtJ;HSI 6bIJI 06cTpeJIHH JIePIHK Ka-
nl1TaH HecTepoB C60pHOM KOMaHtJ;oM 42-M neXOTHOH tJ;HBH3HH
6JIH3 tJ;epeBHH 5!cHHOBHl(e, TeJIerpa<pHoM KOMaHJ];OMllieCToro ca-
nepHoro 6aTaJIbOHa, qaCTSlMH 128-ro CTapOOCKOJIbCKOrO nOJIKa Y
3JIOqeBa. AnnapaT npOCTpeJISIH B HeCKOJIbKHX MeCTax. IIporny
npHHSlTb CaMble 3HeprnqHbIe MepbI, qT06bI npeKpaTHTb 31)' 6ec-
nopSltJ;OqHYIO cTpeJIb6y no CBOHM a3ponJIaHaM. ,l{paroMHpOB».
B paHOHe 2-M PYCCKOM apMHH JIeTqHKH XIII KopnycHoro
aBHaoTpSltJ;a J(OHOCSIT KOMaHJ(Hpy 0 npH6JIHJKeHI111 C ceBepa rep-
MaHCKoro Kopnyca. OtJ;HaKo KOMaHtJ;Hp XIII Kopnyca, HMeBllIe-
ro 3a.n;aqeH npotJ;BHJKeHHe B CTOPOHY AnJIeHllITeHHa, O)l(HtJ;aJI
npH6bITH B KaqeCTBe nOJ(KpenJIeHHSI IV Kopnyca H nOCqHTaJI,
"ITO JIePIHK 01lI116cH B onpeJJ;eJIeHHH npHH3JJ;JIe)l(HOCTM Kopnyca.
TIOJ(06HbIe OIllH6KI1 tJ;eMcTBHTeJIbHO npOI1CxoJ(HJIH, 11 3TO SlBJISI-
JIOCb OtJ;HOH H3 np06JIeM B03t1YIllHOH pa3BetJ;KH nepBblx MeCSll{eB
BOMHbI. Ha BC KHM CJIyqaM nOCJIaHHbIM B 3TOM HanpaBJIeHHI1
KOHHbIM pa3'be3J( He BepHYJIC . TaKJKe no Hel13BeCTHbIM npHqH-
HaM He BepHYJICR H nOCJIaHHbIH B 3TOM HanpaBJIeHHH a3pOnJIaH.
EIl.{e qepe3 HeKOTopoe BpeMSI PYCCKHH Kopnyc HeO)l(HJ(aHHO 6bIJI
aTaKOBaH C ceBepa H OTOllIeJI B 6ecnopRJ(Ke.
28 a8zycma - HaqaJIo Cpa)l(eHI1S1 Ha Maace. DOH Ha nYTRx
K PeTeJIIO. CTOJIKHOBeHHe y fH3a. II pOtJ;OJI)I(eHHe Cpa)l(eHHR y
CeH - KaHTeHa.
KOMaHtJ;YIOIl.{HM 4-" repMaHcKoH apMl1eH BHOBb npetJ;JIara-
CT CBOHM npaBo<pJIaHrOBbIM KopnycaM <pOpcHpoBaTb n06e,n;y,
cTpeM cb BbIXOtJ;OM K BaH.ZJ;pec 06pYllIHTbCSI Ha TbIJIbI 4-M <ppaH-
UY3CKOH apMHH, Bce eIl.{e npoJ(OJIJKalOIl.leH YJ(ep)l(I1BaTbcSI Ha
3anatJ;HOM 6epery Maaca. Ho <ppaHUY3aM ytJ;aeTcH nO TSlHYTb
na cnoH JIeBbIM <pJIaHr eme OtJ;HY, 52- 10 pe3epBHYIO tJ;HBH3HIO.
QT06bI napl1pOBaTb 3TY HOBYIO yrp03Y, KOMaHtJ;Hp VIII repMan-
1914 lOa
85
CKoro Kopnyca nepe6paCbIBaeT qaCTb 15- M ,l{MBM3MI1 Ha npaBbIH
6eper peKM B paHOH BMBbep. 3t{ecb eI..Ue C )'Tpa 3aH JIa 003M-
l{HM repMaHCKaH T I)KeJIaSI apTMJIJIepl1 , orOHb KOTOpOM 3aCTa-
BMJI cppaHl{Y30B nOt{aTbc Ha3aJ]:. TeM He Menee B TeqeHMe Bcero
t{H 16-R repMaHCKaH t{HBM3M 6e3t{eMcTBOBaJIa, VIII pe3epB-
HbIM Kopnyc aTaKyeT npoTMBHMKa, HO, BCTpeqeHHbIH CMJIbHeH-
lllHM orHeM cppaUl{Y3cKOM apTHJIJIepMM, BbIHY:>Kt{eH K KOHUY .lI.HR
OTBeCTH CBOH qaCTM Ha MCXOl{Hble n03Ml{MM; XVIII Kopnycy
Yt{aeTc npot{BMHyrbc Ha JIMHMIO BOCTOqHee POKYP - <DJIa-
6a, rll.e ero qaCTM OKanbIBaIOTC ; XVIII pe3epBHbIM: Kopnyc BbI-
XOll.MT Ha JIMHMIO HOHK - BOMOH, VI Kopnyc OCTaeTC Ha MecTe.
B 17 qaCOB aBMaUMR co06maeT KOMaHt{OBaHMIO 4-H repMaH-
CKOM: apMI1H 06 OTXOt{e CPpaHUY30B. B 21 qac 30 MMH)'T rep-
MaHCKMM KopnycaM OTt{aeTC npMKa3 0 npeCJIet{OBaHHM npo-
TMBHMKa: XVIII Kopnycy B nanpaBJIeHMM CanoHb, XVIII pe-
3epBHoMY Kopnycy - Ha Be3ac.
B 8 \lac. 30 MMH. reHCpaJI MOHYPH Y3HaeT, lITO BC 1- rep-
MaHCKaSI apMM oTcrynaeT K ceBepy nepet{ cppOHTOM 5-H <ppaH-
UY3CKOH apMMM. P l{ CI1JIbHbIX KOJIOHH npOTI1BHHKa B t{BH:>Ke-
HMM Ha t{Oporax K MapHe. B 10 qac. 20 MMH. aBHaTopbI C006Il(alOT
o CKOllJIeHMH KpynHblx Macc npOTHBHHKa IO)J(Hee <I>epTc-MM-
JIOH. B 13 qac. 15 MMH. MOHYPM, oueIlHBaSI TaKHM 06pa30M, CJIO-
)KHBlllYIOC 06cTaHoBKY, KaK oTcrynJIeHMe 1-H repMaHcKoH ap-
MHI1 K ceBepy B,l{OJIb p. YpK, npl1Ka3bIBaeT B0306HOBMTb Hacryn-
JIeHMe C KpaHHeH 3HeprneH no BceMY CPpOHTY .
fepMaHcKHH cpJIOT npet{npMHHMaeT nonbITKH npopBaTb
YCTaHOBJIeHHYIO 6pMTaHcKMMH BoeHHO-MOPCKMMM CMJIaMI1
MOPCKYIO 6JIOKa.ny. Ha nOt{CTynax K feJIbrOJIaHt{cKoH 6yxTe
npOMCXOt{HT 60" aHrJII1HCKOH KpeHcepcKoH 3CKa;J:pbI aJ]:MMpa-
JIa OHITH C repMaHCKMMM KpeHcepaMM; HeMl{bI Hec)'T KpynHbIe
nOTepM: TPH JIerKMX KpeHcepa M O,l{MH 3cKaztpeHHbIM MHHOHO-
cel{ nOTOnJIeHbl; aHrJIMqaHe He nOTep JIM HM Ol{HOrO Kopa6JIH.
BOCm01/,HOe8pOneUCKUU meamp
XIV KOprryc 4-0 aBcTpMHCKOH apMMM C6MJI XVII Kopnyc
5-H PYCCKOH apMHH, eIl{e t{Ba cpJlaHrOBbIx Kopnyca PYCCKMX
oT6pollleHbI, a I.(eHTpaJIbHbIe B3 TbI B nOJIYKOJIbl{O.
86
A8ua Wl BeJlu'Kou 80U1tbl
8-51 11 3-51 PycCKl1e apMl111 BbIl1rpbIBalOT Cpa)l(eHl1e Y p. 30-
JIOTaH JIl1na.
IIo.lI.6I1T BbIJIeTeBIIII1M Ha pa3Be.lI.KY a3pOnJIaH 9-ro aBl1aOT-
p5l.lI.a 3-M apMI1I1, ynpaBJI5IeMbIM BOMTKeBl1tIeM. Te.nerpaMMa 113
IIITa6a 3-M apMl111 KOMaH.lI.l1py XI Kopnyca: BtIepa YTPOM CTa-
pOOCKOJIbCKI1M nOJIKOM 6bIJI 06CTpeJI5IH npl1 cnycKe B 3JIOtIeBe
JIeTtIl1K IIITa6c-KanI1TaH HecTepoB, CerO.lI.H5I IIpl1 cnycKe JIeTtIl1-
KI1111Ta6c- Kanl1TaH IIJIOTHI1KOB 11 nopyql1K BOMTKeBl1tI B pa:HOHe
CKBapoBa 6bIJII1 paccTpeJI5IHbI tIaCT5IMI1 BBepeHHoro BaM KOPIIY-
ca, B TOM tIl1CJIe BTOpHtIHO CTapOOCKOJIbCKI1M nOJIKOM. PaCCTpeJI
npO.lI.OJI)I(anC5I nOCJIe CnYCKa C .n;I1CTaHQHH 300 IIIarOB *, npoIIIY
pacnOp5l)l(eHI151 npoH3Bo.n;cTBe paCCJIe.n;oBaHH5I. PY3CKI1M».
IIo.lI.06HbIe I1CTOpl111 npoI1CXO.lI.HJII1 Tor.n;a Ha Bcex <ppoHTax.
DbITb MO)l(eT, Hal160JIee 51pKO:H I1JIJIIOCTpaQHeM 3Toro <peHoMe-
Ha 51BJI5IeTCH npl13HaHHe PI1XTro<peHa: .H 6bIJI COBepIIIeHHO He
B Kypce .lI.e5lTeJIbHOCTI1 HallieH aBl1aQI1I1, HO KIDK.n;bIH pa3 npl1
BM,l].e JIeTtIl1Ka cep.n;Qe Moe TpeneTano. Pa3YMeeTC5I, IIpl1 3TOM 51
11 nOH5ITI151 He I1MeJI, HeMeQKI1H a3pOnJIaH 51 BI1)KY HJIH Bpa)l(e-
CKI1H, a Y)l( 0 TaKI1X TOHKOCT5IX, KaK KpeCTbI Ha HaIIII1X MaIIII1-
Hax 11 Kpyrl1 Ha Bpa)l(eCKHX, He Mor 11 no.n;YMaTb. B pe3Y JIbTaTe
MbI Bce naJIl1JIH no JII060MY n05lBJI5IBIIIeMYC5I aapOIIJIaHY..
PaMOH TaHHeH6epra. C repMaHCKOM CTOpOHbI KaIII1TaH re-
HepaJIbHOrO lllTa6a XVII apMeMcKoro Kopnyca.n;ocTaBI1JI C B03-
.lI.YlllHOM pa3Be.n;KH CBe.lI.eHHH 0 6JIarOnOJIYtIHOM cOBepIIIeH1111
npopbIBa Kopnyca B TbIJI PYCCKHX. 43-M aBl1aOTp5l.lI. yCTaHoBIDl,
tITO Ha nYT5IX K 3ana.n;y, KpOMe y)l(e 113BeCTHoro JIeBOrO KpbIJIa
HeT HI1KaKHX HOBbIX PYCCKMX BOMCK, KOTopbIe MOrJIH 6bI npe-
nHTCTBOBaTb 06xo.lI.Y, HaIIpaBJIeHHOMY B TbIJI PYCCKI-IX Ha BI1JI-
JIeH6epr.
repMaHCKMM QenneJII1H IIO.lI.Bepr 60M6ap.lI.l1pOBKe CTaHQl110
MJIaBa (BOCTOtIHaH II PYCCI151), 3aH5ITYIO PYCCKI1MI1 BOMCKaMI1.
fIo CBHn:CTeJIbCTBY O.lI.HOrO 113 JIeTtII1KOB, paHO YTPOM ...Qen-
neJII1H Haqan y)f(e KH.lI.aTb 60M6bI, npl1lJeM O.lI.Ha 113 HI1X nonana
B 3aJI I KJIaCCa BOK3ana, np0611JIa KPbIIlIY 11 pa30pBanacb, a ltPY-
faR 60M6a 6bIJIa 6pOllleHa Ha nOJIOTHO )KeJIe3HOM: .lI.oporl1, Ha
lie «PaCCTpCJI>.'> PYCCKHMH COJIJlaTaMH CBocro a::>pOIIJlalla IIpCKpaTHJlc}J JIHlllb
IIOCJIC Toro, KaK «YCJlbIXaJIH lIaIlIY 6pallb>.'>.
1914 lOa
87
Mecto BbICaJ{KI1 Ot{HOrO 113 3IlleJIOHOB. Ha MeCTe OKa3aJIOCb HC-
CKOJIbKO TpyrrOB... Bcero C6pOIlleHO 6bIJIO ,l!eC Tb 60M6 .
UenrreJIMH 6blJI C611T PYCCKOH apTI1JIJIepMeM.
29 a8zycma - <l>paHQY3bl OCTaBHJIM BCpXHI1H 3JIb3ac. B
paMone PeTeJI CcpOpMl1pOBana apMeMCKaH rpynna reHepa.na
<l>ollIa. 130M y rM3a. Cpa:>KeHMe y CeH- KaHTeHa. 130H na p. COM-
Me Me)f(,lty 1-H repMaHCKOH M 6-M <ppaHQY3CKOH apMI1 MI1.
Ocaaa cjJpall11Y3C'KOU 'Kpenocmu Mo6eJIC
1- repMaHCKasI apMM.H rOTOBI1TC K HacrynJIeHI1IO Ha aHr-
JIHt.JaH, rrpaBblM cpJIaHr KOTOpbIX, rro paCt.JeTaM repMaHCKoro
llITa6a, HaXO.lUfTC.H IO:>KHee JI -<I>epTe - MMJIOH. Ot{HaKO, Kor-
t{a JIeBocpJIaHrOBbIH IX Koprryc apMI1I1, ,ABMraBIlIMMc B IO)f(HOM
HanpaBJIeHMI1, Y)f(e npoxot{I1JI JI -<I>epTe, KOMaHt{l1p Koprryca
nOJIYt.JI1JI ,l!OIleCeHI1C JICTtIMKa, t.JTO JIeBblH cpJIaHr cppaHUY3cKHX
BOHCK, CI1JIOM OKOJIO 3-x apMeHcKMx KoprrYCOB CTpeMI1TCR rro-
t.JTM napaJIJIeJIbHO nanpaBJIeHl110 t{BM:>KeHI1 repManCKI1X BOM:CK
K nepenpaBaM t.Jcpe3 MapHY BOCTot.JHee lIIaTo- Tbeppl1 11 tJTO
apbeprap,l!bI cppaHUY30B B paMoHc 13peHa 11 <l>I1Ma TOJIbKO Clue
BblcTyrralOT. repMaHCKMM reHepaJI KBaCT pCIlII1JI HCrrOJIb30BaTb
npOt{BlDKCHHC nnepct{ CBOI1X BOMCK M caMOCTO TeJIbHO t{BI1-
HYTbCR Ha IlIaTo- Tbeppl1.
113 TCJIerpaMMbI rpacpa I1rnaTbeBa B POCCIIlO: 16/29 aB-
rycTa 1-51 npaBocpJlaHrOBaSl repMaHcKasI apMI1 , HMe51 YCTynoM
CJIeBa 2-10 ap 1HIO, CTpeMMTeJIbHO H 6e30cTaHOBOtIHO ,lJ,BMra5ICb
Ha I1 apl1/K, ,l!OCTHrHYB Cell - KaHTeHa cerO,l!H YTPOM, CTa.na npo-
I1I1KaTb eme 60JIee Ha 3anat{, CTpeMSlCb 3aXBaTI1Tb nepenpaBbl
I-Ia COM Me, 060pOII CMble aHrJHltIaHaMJ1. I-IeMcUKHH KaBaJIe-
pl1HCKHfl Kopnyc HanpaBJI CTC.H Ha 1ll0JIbH, r,Ac 01-1 JIOJI/KCH 6bIJI
cerO,AII.H lIaTOJIKHYTbC Ha 3Hat.JI1TeJIbHble cppaIlUY3CKl1e CI1JIbI.
5- cppanUY3cKa.H apMI1.H, cocpet{oTotJeHHaJI 3a p. Ya30H, nepc-
llIJIa B peUIHTCJlbHOe nacTynJIeHI1e BO cpJIaHr 06xo,A.HmMM He-
Meu.KI1M KOJIOHHaM B HanpaBJIeHI111 CeH- KallTcIIa. 06mee py-
KOBO,l{CTBO 3TOH pellIHTeJlbIlOH onepaUI1CM npl1Il5)JI na ce6 caM
renepaJI )Kocpcpp. Ha BCCX OCTaJIbHbIX cppoHTax Ben:YTc KpO-
BOnpOJII1THbIC 6011, npH6JIH)f(aIOIl!l1e Hac, Ha MO}I I33rJI.H)J:, K KOH-
uy ncpBoro IICpHO.ll.a BOHHbI».
88
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80U1tbl
BOCm01t1l0e8pOneUCKUU meamp
8-51 apMM fl1H,ZteH6ypra OKpY)I(HJIa ueHTpaJIbHble Kopnyca
2-H PYCCKOH apMI1I1. Be'IepOM OCTaTKI1 JIBYX oKpY)KeHHbIX Pyc-
CKI1X KOPIIYCOB BT HYJII1Cb B fplOHcpJIHCCKI1H JIec 11 IIpel(IIpH-
H JII1 nonbITKY n popbIBa.
A3pOfIJ1aH 14 - ro repMaHCKoro aBl1aOTp51JIa 3aMeTI1JI Pyc-
CKYIO K0J10HHY, KOTOpM IlIJIa B TbIJI cpa)KalOI.QerOC51 nOJI HeH-
J{eH6yproM I apMeHcKoro repMaHcKoro KopIIyca. JIeT'II1K l(aJI
3HaTb 06 3TOM, BbIKHHYB J{OHeceHHe C BbIMneJIOM; 6JIaroJIap
3TOMY repMaHCKHM KOMaHI(OBaHHeM 6bIJII1 npl1H TbI CpO'IHbIe
MepbI, II03BOJIHBIIII1e OTpa3HTb KOPIIYC, HI(YI.QHH Ha BbIp)'1-IKY
PYCCKHM, IIOnaBIIII1M B MeIIIOK Y TaHHeH6epra.
8-51 11 3-51 PYCCKHe apMI1H 3aB513bIBalOT CpaJKeHHe C aBCT-
PI1HUaMH y p. fHHJIM JIHIIa.
30 a8zycma - feHepan KnIOK np0I13BOJ{HT OTKJIOHeHHe 1-H
apMHH C IOrO-3aIIa1(HOro HaIIpaBJIeHH51 (Ha HH)KHIOIO CeHY B
06xoJ{ TIapH)I(a C 3aIIa,n:a) Ha IO)KHOe HaIIpaBJIeHHe (BoCTO'IHee
TIapH)Ka, K p. Ya3e, Ha JII1HHIO KOMnbeH- HyaHOH).
113 TeJIerpaMMbI rpacpa I1rHaTbeBa B POCCI1IO:
17 /30 aBrycTa 06xoJ{ II!a51 JIeBbIH cpJIaHr repMaHcKCUI ap-
MI151 Hey,nep)KI1MO ,nBMraeTC Ha llapl1)K, ,ZteJIa51 IIepexo,ZthI B
cpeJ{HeM OKOJIO 30 KM, H K Beqepy 3Toro ,ZtH JIOCTl1rJIa JIHHHII
MopefiJIb, Pya, HyafloH. TIpOTI1B M06e)Ka OCTaBJIeHbI pe3epB-
HbIe BOHcKa. Ha MOM B3rJI ,Zt, BCTY"JIeHl1e HeMueB B TIapM)K
Bonpoc Y)f(e J1HeM, TaK KaK <ppaHQY3bI He pacnOJIaralOT ,nOCTa-
TO'IHbIMH CI1JIaMH, qT06bI IIepeMTI1 B KOHTpaTaKY IIpOTI1B 06-
xO.l{ I.Qeti rpynnbI 6e3 pHCKa 6bITh OTpe3aHHhIMI1 OT OCTaJIbHbIX
apMHM. B CI1JIY TOM )l(e npl1'IHHbI y,Zta'IHCUI KOHTpaTaKa Kopny-
COB 5-ti apMI1H npOTI1B rBapJJ;I1H 11 X Kopnyca He MOrJIa 6bITh
pa3BI1Ta cerO,ZtH51 BBI1,Zty pellIl1TeJIbHO Be,ZteHHoro HaCTYnJIeHH
J{BYX caKCOHCKHX KopnYCOB npOTI1B IX <ppaHQY3cKoro Kopny-
ca; HeMel{KCUI rBapJ1I151 11 X Kopnyc nOHeCJII1 rpoMaztHbIe nOTe-
pH, TaK KaK HaXO,ZtI1JIHCb Bce no,Zt orHeM TpeXCOT cppaH1tY3CKHX
IIOJIeBbIX Opy,ZtI1H. Ha BOCTO'IHOM JIOTapHHrCKOM )"laCTKe CPPOH-
Ta YTOMJIeHMe 060HX IIpOTI1BHI1KOB B CB 311 C rpoMa,ZtHbIMI1
nOTepHMH IIpl1BeJIO cerOJ{H K KaHOHa,Zte 6e3 oc060 B(l)KHbIX
CTOJ1KHOBeHHH. I 6aBapCKI1H Kopnyc OTnpaBJIeH B MIOHxeH ,ZtJI51
1914 lOa
89
nOJlHOrO nepe<!>OpMl1pOBaH11R BCJlel(CTBl1e nOTepb, ,l.{OCTMrIllHX
75%. 3a 5-M repMaHcKoH apMl1efI OTKpbITbI ,nBe HOBbIe pC3epB-
IIble CBOl(HbIe l(I1BI13HI1, COCTaBJleHHbIe 113 ap3aQ-6aTaJlbOHOB
pa3HbIX KopnycoB .
Hall TIapl1)1(eM nOSlBMJlI1Cb ,l.{Ba repMaHCKI1X aapOnJIaHa
«Tay6e *. fepMaHcKl1e JleTlJl1KI1 C6POC11J1H HeCKOJlbKO 60M6 Ha
co60p IT apl1:>KCKOH DoroMaTepM, 3aTeM cpJIar C H nI1CblO: «MbI
B3RJlM AHTBepneH**, CKOpO OtIepel(b ,l.{OfIl(eT M ,l.{0 Bac!» fIy6-
JII1Ka PYKOnJleCKaJIa <!>paHUY3CKI1M COJll(aTaM, CTpeJISlBlIlMM no
aapOnJlaHaM 113 MI1TpaJIbe3.
O,nHoro repMaHCKoro «Tay6e , 60M611BIIIero TIapH:>K, C Jler-
KOCTblO l(OrHaJl aHrJII1HCKMH «DpI1CTOJIb M CTaJl npM:>KMMaTb
ero cBepxy, He l(aBaSI B03MO)l(HOCTI1 repMaHCKOMY nl1JIOTY Bep-
Hepy npMMeHMTb npOTHB Hero el(HHCTBeHHoe Ha TO BpeMR npo-
TMBOCaMOJleTHOe 0pY)l(l1e - 60M6y. BepHep 11 ero na6J1IOl(aTeJlb
HaqaJIl1 naJlI1Tb no aHrJIMqaHaM 113 JlHtIHOrO 0PY)KI1S1, aHrJIMtIa-
He OTBeTI1JIM TeM :>Ke. «TIYJIM )l(Y)K)KaJIl1 BOKpyr. TaK l(JlHJIOCb
nOJIqaca , - paCCKa3bIBaJI 3aTeM BepHep. TYT K aHrJIMqaHaM
npHCOe,lJ,HHI1JICSI <PpaHUY3CKHH «DJlepI10., KOTOpbIH «C Y)Kaca-
IOll Ci1 6bICTpOTOH... 6pocaJlcSI TO BBepx, TO BHM3, 11 RpKHe
BcnbIIllKM rOBOpl1J1M 0 HenpepbIBHbIX BbICTpeJlax», - nMCaJI
aMepl1KaHCKMH KoppeCnOHl(eHT. B KOHlJ.e KOHlJ.OB, HeMlJ.bI npcl(-
nO'iJIM C,lJ,aTbCR Ha MI1J10CTb n06el(I1TeJIeH.
l1pyrOMY CaMOJleTY, ynpaBJlgeMOMY nHJIOTOM <DpanueM
<l>OH XMIIl(eCCeHOM, Yl(aJIOCb BepHYTbC.H l(OMoit
TaKMM 6bIJlO nepBoe 60eBoe CTOJIKHOBeHHe aBl1aTOpOB, 3a-
KOH1JHBIIIeeC.H nJleHeHl1eM repMaHCKI1X nl1J10TOB.
BOCm01/,1/,Oe8pOneUCKUU meamp
2-,H apMI1.H reHepaJIa CaMCOHOBa TepnMT nOpa)KeHl1e, ,l{Ba
PYCCKI1X Kopnyca nJleHeHbl. feHepaJl CaMcoHoB 3acTpeJlMJlCSI.
KOMaHl(OBaHMe 8-H: repMaHCKOH apMMI1, npl1HHBIIIee 6bIJlO
perneHHe 06 OCTaBJleHI1M BOCTOtIHOH TIpYCCI1M, BOCnOJIb30BaB-
IllMCb naCCHBHOCTblO BOHCK 1-H PYCCKOH apMMI1, 6bICTpO nepe-
· Dic Taubc - rOJly6b (IICM.) - TaK B fcpMallHH CllaLfaJla lIa3blOaJIH MOIIO-
IIJIaIl 1>1 3TpHxa, a II(3)KC fapJI311a J1 PYM IIllcpa.
lie lie AIITBCpliCII 6YJlCT B3}JT TOJI hKO 9 OKT}16p}1.
90
A8ua Wl BeJlUKOU 80U1lbl
rpyrrrrl1pOBaJIO CBOI1 BOMCKa, HarrpaBI1B I1X rrpOTI1B 2-11 apMI1I1.
B pe3Y JIbTaTe repMaHCKl1e BOI1CKa o KPY:>KI1JI 11 11 pa3rpOMI1JII1 ,[(Ba
BbI,[(BI1HYBIllI1XC5I BrrepeJ]. Koprryca 2-11 PYCCKOI1 apMHH (XIII H
XV). OKpY)f(eHHe 11 pa3rpoM 3TI1X J].BYX PYCCKMX KoprrycoB BO
MHorOM CTaJIl1 B03MO)f(HbI I1MeHHO 6JIaro,[(ap51 ,[(aHHbIM repMaH-
CKOI1 B03,[(YlllHOM pa3Be,[(KI1. OCTaJIbHbIe Koprryca PYCCKHX OTO-
IlIJII1 113 BOCTOQHOM n PYCCI1I1.
fepMaHCKM aBl1al{l151 HenpepblBHO CJIe,[(I1JIa 3a BCeMI1 ne-
pe,[(BI1)f(eHI151MI1 PYCCKI1X BOHCK, 11 ee ,[(aHHble BHHMaTeJIbHO
113ytJaJII1Cb repMaHCKI1M KOMaHJ].OBaHl1eM. JIeTtJl1KI1 CBOeBpe-
MeHHO BCKpbIJII1 rrepe,[(BI1)f(eHl1e 11 KOHl{eHTpal{111O 2-11 PYCCKOH
apMI1I1. 11M y,[(aJIOCb TaK:>Ke CBOeBpeMeHHO BCKpbITb ,[(BI1)f(eHl1e
PYCCKI1X ,[(I1BH3I1M B TbIJI I repMaHCKoro apMeMcKoro Koprryca.
HeCKOJIbKO ,[(Hei1 cnycT5I fI1H,[(eH6ypr, Harpa)f(,[(a51 BoeHHoro
JIeTtJl1Ka 3l1repTa, PYKOBo,[(HBlllero J].eHCTBI1HMI1 repMaHcKoH
aBHaIU111 Ha 3TOM ytJacTKe <ppoHTa, CKa)KeT: He 6Y,[(b JIeTql1-
KOB - He 6bIJIO 6bI 11 TaHHeH6eprCK0l1 n06eJ].bI . B 3TOM cppa3e
3aneqaT JIeJIC5I rrepBbII1 ,[(eHCTBI1TeJIbHbIH BOCTopr 01' .n.e5lTeJlb-
HOCTI1 aBl1aQHOHHOM pa3Be,[(KH, HaMHoro npeB30rne.n.llIeH OCTO-
p0)KHble OJKI1,[(aHHH reHepaJIHTeTOB.
fHH,[(eH6ypr: « TaHHeH6epr! 3TO CJIOBO np06Y)f(,[(aeT TH)f(eJIble
BOCnOMI1HaHH5I ,[(JI5I Moryqero HCMel{KOrO pbIQapCTBa, 60eBoli
KJI HtJ rr06e)f(,[(alOIl{HX CJIaB5IH, naM5ITb 06 3TOM Bce erne CBe)Ka B
I1CTOpl1l1, HeCMOTp51 Ha TO, liTO npOllIJIO 60JIee IDITI1COT JIeT» *.
113 ,[(OlIeCeHI1H HeCTepOBa: BCJIe,[(CTBl1e HeHcnpaBHOCTH
,[(BYXMeCTHoro annapaTa 51 B 9 tJac. 30 MI1H. BblJIeTeJI 6e3 Ha-
6JIIO,[(aTeJI5I Ha O,[(HOMeCTHOM MopaHe. DJIH3 c. YHTepBaJIb,[(eH
l1J].eT apTI1JlJICpl1tlcKHH 6011. Hanni n03l1Ul1H nOJlYKpyroM Me)l(-
II.Y 51KTopoB - nOJIYXOB. no/.( HallIl1M orHeM rOp5lT ,[(epeBHH
CTaHI1Ml1p)K, KYPOBl1ue. ABCTpHHl{bI 3aH5IJII1 BbICOTbI 11 JIec
IOrO-3ana,n:Hee )f(eJIe3HOM ,l1oporl1. DI1BaK QaCTI1 OKOJIO nOJIKa
neXOTbI K IorO-3ana,[(y nO,[()f(apKOB H BH,[(HMO neXOTa B pe3epn-
HbIX KOJIOHHaX B pa36pocaHHOM Bl1lI.e B J OJII1He Me)f(,[(y BbICO-
TaMI1 398 11 363 npOT5I)f(eHl1eM OKOJIO 2 BepCT...
lie HCMllbl CB5I3aJIH )TY 1I06C/lY C lfMCIICM TalillclI6cpr, KOTOpOC 6hlJI0 xopo-
1110 H3BCCTII0 C 1410 r. Kal< MCCTO, r/lc CJlarHllIC lIarOJlony pa36uJIH TCBTOIICI<HX
pblllapCH.
1914 lOa
91
31 a6zycma - 3aBepmeHI1e 60eB Ha Maace. 4-.R <t>paIII Y3-
CKGUI apMI1.R OTXOJ{I1T 3a p. 3H.
MOJlbTKe 0J{06p.ReT pellIeHl1e KJIIOKa 11 1-.R apMI1.R YCTpeM-
JI.ReTC.R B norOHIO 3a OTxoJ{5I eM aHrJIMMCKOI1 apMMeM, 113Me-
H.R.R HarrpaBJIeHMe CBoero J{BHIKeHM.R C IOIKHoro Ha IOro- BOCT01J-
Hoe.
113 TeJIerpaMMbI rpa<pa 11rHaTbeBa B POCCMIO: 18/31 aB-
rYCTa rrOJIOIKeHl1e pe3KO YXy.n.llIMJIOCb. AHrJIM1JaHe, oTcTyrraB-
llIMe Bce nOCJIeJ{HMe J{HM 3a <ppaHQY3CKMe BOMCKa, 3aH11MaJIM
JIMHMH CyaccoH, KOMrrbeH, OJ{HaKO rrpM H3BeCTMM 0 HacTyrrJIe-
HMM HeMQeB HeOIKI1J{aHHO nOKMHYJIM n03MUMM, OrOJIHB COBep-
llIeHHO JIeBbIM <t>JIaHr 5-M <ppaHQY3CKOM apMMI1, paCrrOJIOIKeH-
HOM BOKpyr JIaoHa. TIpaBocpJIaHrOBa.R HeMeQKa5I apMM.R, fIO-
BI1J{MMOMY, CBepHYJIa C HanpaBJIeHM.R TIapMIKa M rrpeJ{rrpMH.RJIa
rJIy60KMM 06xoJ{ JIeBOrO <pJIaHra <ppaHUY3CKMX apMI1M, ueHTp
KOMX 3aHMMaJI B1Jepa JIHHMIO JIaoH, PeMMC, BepJ{eH. Ha JIOTa-
pl1HrCKOM Y1JaCTKe BOCT01JHOrO <ppOHTa - 6e3 fIepeMeH .
Bocm01J,1l0e8pOneUCKUU meamp
ABCTPHMQbI Teprr.HT nOpa)KeHMe y p. fHMJIa5I JIMna.
ABl1aQM.R 3- M PYCCKOH apMI1M BblrrOJIHHJIa TpM 60eBblx no-
JIeTa. l1lTa6c-Karrl1TaH BOpOTHMKOB C na6JIIOJ{aTeJIeM llITa6c-
KarrHTaHOM IlJIOTHHKOBbIM J{06bIJIM B 3TOT J{eHb Ba)KHbIe CBe-
J{eHM.R - YCTaHOBMJIM HanpaBJIeHl1e OTXOJ{a anCTpl1MCKMX BOMCK
Ha JIbBOB. L{pyroM a3pOnJIaH rrOBpeJ{MJIH, M pa3BeJ{Ka 6bIJIa
rrpeKpa eHa. JIeT1JI1K Mp01JKOBCKMH 11 Ha6JIIOJ{aTeJIb JIa3apeB
M3 pa3BeJ{KM He BepHYJIMCb. B 11-M aBMaOTp5IJ{e OCTaJIOCb Bce-
ro J{Ba I1crrpaBHbIX a3pOrrJIaHa. O,lJ;HaKO JIeT1.II1KM 3-11 apMMH
OTJII11.IHO CnpaBJI5IJII1Cb co CBOMMH 3aJ{a1JaMH.
I-Ia rrpaBOM KpbIJIe IOro-3arraJ{Horo <ppoHTa, B 4-i1 M 5-ti
PYCCKMX apMH.RX, B03J{YllIHa5I pa3Be,Z!Ka lie CnpaBJI.RJIaCb co CBO-
HMM 3a,l!aQaMH. PyccKoe KOMaH,Z!OBaHHe He I1MeJIO 5ICHOrO rrpe.n.-
CTaBJIeHM.R 0 CMJIaX H rpyrrnHpoBKe npOTI1BHI1Ka. TaK, HanpM-
Mep, OTCYTCTBMe ,Z!OJIIKHOH OpraIll13aQI1M B03,Z!YIllHOM pa3Be,Z!-
KI1 npl1BeJIO K TOMY, 1JTO He 6bIJII1 CBoeBpeMeHHO 06HapY)KeHbI
CTpaTerH1.IeCKOe pa3BepTbIBaHHe 1-M aBCTpo-repMaHCKOM ap-
MI1I1 M ee BbIXO,Z! 113 TaHHeBCKI1X JIeCOB. A npM cpaIKeHHI1 y Kpac-
92
A8uau,USl BeJlUKOU 80Ullbl
HI1Ka 4-.R PYCCKaR apMI1.R, HaMelJaBIII OXBaT JIeBOrO <pJIaHra
aBCTpl1MCKI1X BOHCK, CaMa OKa3aJIaCb nOl( yrp030H OXBaTa CBO-
ero npaBoro <pJIaHra 11 BbIHY:>Kl(eHa 6bIJIa BMeCTO IIIl1pOKO 3a-
l(YMaHHoro HacTynJIeHI1.R nepeHTI1 K 060poHe.
He JIyqllIl1M 06pa30M 06CTO.RJIO l(eJIO 11 Ha cppoHTe 5- 8 Pyc-
CKOH apMI1I1. TaK, Cpa:>KeHl1e Y TOMallioBa <paKTI11JeCKI1 6bIJIO
BbIl1rpaHO BOHCKaMI1 5-H apMl1l111 aBCTpl1HQbI Ha1JaJIl1 oTcTyn-
JIeHl1e. Ol(HaKO KOMaHl(OBaHl1e PYCCKOH apMI1I1, He I1Me.R J{aH-
HbIX B03l(YllIHOM pa3BeJ{KI1, BMeCTO pa3BI1TI1.R HacTynJIeHH.R
.npI1H.RJIO pellIeHl1e 06 OTXOJ{e Ha Tpl1 nepexoJ{a .
IlepBbIM MeC.RQ BOMHbI 3aKOHQIUIC.R. Hal160JIee 3HalJl1TeJIb-
HbIMI1 C06bITI1.RMI1 MeC.RQa 6bIJII1 rl16eJIb PYCCKOM apMl111 CaM-
COHOBa 11 60M6apl(l1pOBKa AHTBepneHa. ,
OKOH1JaTeJIbHO YTBepJ{I1JIaCb 3a aBl1aQl1eM ee BaIKHeMUI
3aJ{alJa - OnepaTI1BH pa3BeJ{Ka. PaHee KOMaHJ{OBaHl1e CPPOH-
TOB 11 apMI1H OCHOBHble 3a,n:aHI1.R no pa3Be,l{Ke r JIy60Koro TbIJIa
npOTI1BHMKa B03JIara.n:0 Ha KOHHMQY, npOHMKaBllIYIO MHOrl(a Ha
COTHI1 KIDIOMeTpOB B rJIy6b TeppMTOp1111 npOTMBHI1Ka, a aBMa-
UI1IO paCCMaTpMBaJIO JII111Ib KaK cpeJ{CTBO 6JIM:>KHeH pa3BCJ{KH 11
CB.R3M B pal(l1yce 100-120 KM. Ol(HaKO nOCJIe nepBbIX :>Ke paa-
BeJ{bIBaTeJIbHbIX nOJIeTOB BbI.RCHMJIOCb, 1JTO aBMaQI1H cnoc06Ha
ropa3J{0 6blcTpee, T01JHee M J{OKYMeHTMpOBaHHee, lJeM KOHHH-
Qa, J{OCTaBJI.RTb Bce He06xoJ{MMbIe CBeJ{eHM.R KOMaHJ{OBaHHIO.
renHep: HeCMOTp.R Ha BeJIM1JaMllIee caMonOlKepTBOBa-
Hl1e, - 6aBapcKGUI KaBaJIepMMCK ,n:MBI13M.R nOTep.RJIa Y:>Ke B aB-
rYCTe 1400 KOHeM M JIY1JllII1X Ha1JaJIbHI1KOB naTPYJIeM, - KaBa-
JIepl1M He YJ{aBaJIOCb npoHMKHyrb 60JIee 1JeM Ha 15 KM B pacno-
JIO:>KeHMe npOTI1BHMKa... Ha JIeBOM cpJIaHre KOMaHJ{OBaHHe
npl1HMMaJIO pellIeHM.R, OCHOBaHHble n01JTI1I1CKJII01JMTeJIbHO Ha
,n:OHeCeHM.RX JIeTlJMKoB...l{oHeCeHM.R JIeT1JMKOB n03BOJII1JIH 6-8
apMMI1 B JIoTapMHrMM BbIHTI1 M3-nOl( YJ{apa npeBOCXOJ{.RIItHX
CI1JI npOTHBHI1Ka 11 TOT1JaC IKe OCTaHOBMTbC.R, KaK TOJIbKO npH-
OCTaHOBI1JIOCb HacTynJIeHMe npOTMBHI1Ka. L{oHeCeHM.R JIeTlJM-
KOB CblrpaJIM TaK:>Ke 3HalJI1TeJIbHYIO pOJIb B npMH TMI1 pellIe-
HI1.R HalJaTb CpCl)KeHl1e B JIoTapMHrMM...
ITopa:>KeHMe 2-M PYCCKOM apMMM reHepaJIa CaMcoHoBa B
60JIbllIOM Mepe .RBlIJIOCb CJIeJ{CTBMeM npeHe6pe:>KeHM.R PYCCKO-
1914 lOa
93
ro KoMaH.n;OBaHM K .n;aHHbIM aBMapa3Be.n;KM, CBOeBpeMeHHO
BCKpbIBIlleM .n;BMIKeHMe Kopnyca MaKeH3eHa B 06xo.n; npaBOrO
Q:>JIaHra apMMM M npe.n;ynpe.n.MBllIeM 0 cOCpe.n;OT01JeHMM npOTMB-
HMKa Ha <pJIaHraX PYCCKOM apMMM.
TaKIKe Q:>paH1tY3CKCUI aB:HaQMOHHa51 pa3Be.n;Ka BCKpbIJIa KOH-
l{eHTpaQMIO repMaHCKMX BOHCK y 6eJIbrMMCKOH rpaHMQbI, 1JTO
n03BOJI5IJIO CBOeBpeMeHHO paCKpbITb 3aMbICCJI repMaHCKOrO
reHepaJIbHOrO llITa6a - HaHeCeHMe y.n;apa 1Jepe3 OeJIbrMIO. O.n;-
HaKO Q:>paHQY3CKOe BOeHHOe KOMaH.n;OBaIIMe CKenTM1JeCKM OT-
HeCJIOCb K 3TMM .n;aHHbIM aBMapa3Be.n;KM, nOC1JMTaB, 1JTO JIeTt:I:H-
KM npeYBeJIMt:lMBaIOT, H nOJIOBMHa repMaHCKO:H apMI1M He MO-
IKeT 6bITb cocpe.n;OT01JeHa y 13eJIbrMM.
ABMaUM5I B BOeHHO:H Macce npo.n;OJI)KaJIa erne BocnpHIIM-
MaTbC BeCbMa CKenTMtJeCKM, M TOJIbKO HaM60JIee nepe.n.OBbIe
BoeHHble YIKe no pe3YJIbTaTaM 3Toro MeC Qa nOH JIM Bce npe-
BOCXO.n;CTBO aBHaQMOHHO:H pa3Be.n;KM HaJJ: BceMH np01JI1MM B:H-
.n;aMH.
BOT 1JTO nMCaJI reHepaJI 13PYCMJIOB 0 nepBbIx .n;H X BOMHbI:
B03.n;YllIHCUI pa3Be.n;Ka BCJIe.n;cTBMe He.n;ocTaTKa M nJIOXoro Ka-
1JeCTBa CaMOJIeTOB 6bIJIa .n;OBOJIbHO cJIa6a51, HO, TeM He MeHee,
TO, 1JTO MbI 3HaJIl1, nOJIYt:laJIOCb rJIaBHbIM 06pa30M t:lepe3 ee no-
cpe.n;CTBO: areHTOB Illn:HOHa)Ka Y Hac MaJIO M Te, KOTOpbIX MbI
HaCKOpo Ha6paJIH, 6bIJII1 nJIOXJ.-I. KaBaJIepMHCKa5I pa3Be.n;Ka npo-
HHKHYTb rJIy60Ko He MOrJIa, TaK KaK nOrpaHM1JHa5I peKa 36py1.£
6blJIa CnJIOllib M rYCTO 3aH Ta HenpM TeJIbCKMM:H neXOTHbIM:H
3aCTaBaM:H...
KOHet:lHO IKe, KOHHHQa M areHTypHa pa3Be.n;Ka npo.n;OJI)Ka-
JIH CBOIO pa60TY. Ho aBHaQH Tenepb YIKe Hat:la.na BbInOJIH Tb
3a.n;at:lH He TOJIbKO TaKTH1JeCKOH pa3Be.n;KM cppOHTa 11 npMQ:>pOH-
TOBOH nOJIOCbl, HO H r JIy60KOH pa3Be.n;KH TbIJIa, npOHHKa51 Ha
300-400 KM B rJIy6b TeppHTopHM npoTHBHHKa.
IIoHa1JaJIY pa3Be.n;Ka HOCHJIa BH3yaJIbHbI:H xapaKTep. Ha
nepBOM 3Tane BO:HHbI npM cpe.n;HHx YCJIOBM X BH.n;HMOCTH H
nOQTH nOJIHOM OTCYTCTBHH MaCKHpOBKI1 MOIKHO 6bIJlO Ha6JllO-
.n;aTb HeBoopYIKeHHbIM fJIa30M C BbICOTbI .n;o 600 M OT.n;eJIbHbIX
JIIO.n;e:H, C BbICOTbI 1200-1500 M - rpynnbI JIIO.n;eH, C BbICOTbI
2500-3000 M - KOJIOHHbI BOMCK. Oc060 CpOt:lHbIC pe3YJIbTaTbi
94
A8ualiUR BeJlUKOU 80Ullbl
BI13YaJIbHOM pa3Be.n;KM nepe.n;aBaJIMCb Ha3eMHbIM tJaCTSIM C no-
MOII blO BbIMneJIa, C6paCbIBaeMOrO JIeTtJl1KOM B paCnOJIOIKeHMM
CBOI1X BOMCK. B OT.n;eJIbHbIX CJIYtJ X YIKe HatJMHaJIM npMMeHSlTb-
CSI M cpOTOKaMepbI (HeCTepOB, MatJaBapHaHM M .n;p.) ,l{alKe npl1
TaKMX npMMI1TI1BHbIX cnoc06ax OpraHM3aUMI1 .n;eJIa llITa6bI ap-
MMM nOJIYtJaJIM OT KOpnYCHbIX M apMeMCKMX aBHaOTpSl/.{OB ueH-
HeM:IIIMe CBe.n;eHMSI 0 npOTMBHMKe.
Ho B nepBbIM IKe MeCSIU BOMHbI aBMaUMSI YCHeJIa npOSlBMTb
ce6S1 B KatJeCTBe He TOJIbKO 3Q:>Q:>eKTMBHoro pa3Be.n;bIBaTeJIbHOrO
cpe.n;CTBa, HO TaK:>Ke 60M6apJJ;MpOBOtJHoro, KOppeKTl1pOBOtJHoro
11 MCTpe6MTeJIbHOrO, XOTSI M B 3HatJMTeJIbHO MeHbIIIeM CTeneHM.
B nepBbIe JJ;HM BOMHbI, npOBeJI 60M6ap.n;l1pOBKY )KeJIe3HOJJ;opOIK-
Horo Y3JIa B Meue cppaHUY3CKHM BoeHHbIM JIeTtJMK CeH- BpM.
TaIOKe cppaHltY3CKMM BoeHHbIM JIeTtJMK MOJIbcp IIery, I1cnbITbI-
B HOBbIM annapaT, nonyTHO pa360M611JI IKeJIe3HO,l{opOIKHOe
.n;eno Ha repMaHCKOH TeppHTopMM M a3pOCTaT-KOppeKTl1pOBmI1K,
HCnOJIb30BaB B 06meM CJIOIKHOCTM 10 He60JIbIIIHX 60M6.
B 3TOT nepBbIM MecSiU BOMHbI Y)Ke npOM30IIIJIO .n;Ba B03JtYIII-
HbIX CTOJIKHOBeHHSI, KaIK.n;oe 113 KOTOpbIX 6bIJIO nO-CBoeMY 3a-
MetJaTeJIbHbIM. IIepBoe M3 HI1X B He6e Han: IIapl1IKeM, a BTopoe
OtJeHb noxolKe eme Ha O.n;HY JIereH.n;y. B He6e Han: JIOHJJ;OHOM
6pMTaHCKOMY nMJIOTY y.n;aJIOCb 3aCTpeJII1Tb repMaHCKoro JIeT-
lIHKa. IIocJIe.n;HMM MepTBOM XBaTKOM CIKaJI PYKOSlTKY ynpaBJIe-
HHSI, B pe3YJIbTaTe qero ero a3pOnJIaH 6JIarOnOJIyqHO CnJIaHI1-
pOBaJI H .n;OCTaJICSI 6pMTaHuaM B a6COJIIOTHO I1CnpaBHOM BH.n;e.
TaKIKe B 3TOM MeCSlue repMaHCKHe.11 6pMTanCKMe aBI1aTO-
pbI ycneJIH 06MeH TbCSI HaJIeTaMM Ha IIITa6-KBapTl1pbI. 5pl1-
TaHCKMe JIeTqMKM pa360M611JIM nOJIeBYIO pe311.n;eHl.{HIO KaM3epa
BMJIbreJIbMa, o.n;HaKO no CqaCTJIMBOH .n;JISI repManueB CJIyqati-
HOCTI1 KaM3ep Bcero 3a 20 MMHYT .n;o 3Toro BbIeXaJI Ha JJ;PYryIO
KBapTHpy. BOM6bI pa3HeCJIM B KJIOqbSl aBTOM06HJIb H 3aMeIII-
KaBIIIMXCSI a.n;1>IOTaHTOB. BCKope nOCJIe 3Toro, nOCJIe TIUaTeJIb-
HOM: pa3Be.n;KM C nOMOIUbIO TaMHbIX areHTOB, repMaHCKl1e aBl1a-
TOpbI COBepIIII1JIM HaJIeT Ha 3aropo,n:HYIO BHJIJIY 6eJIbrMMCKoro
KOpOJISI An:b6epTa, HO Bce 60M6bI yrOJJ;I1JII1 B CM.
O,n:HaKO Bce 3TH 60M6ap.n;MpOBKM C a3pOnJIaHOB MMeJII1 nOKa
qTO JIHIIIb MOpaJIbHOe 3HaqeHMe, ropa3.n;0 60JIbIIIe YIUep6a npH-
1914 lOa
95
HeCJIH tSoM6ap,z:U1pOBKM C JJ;MpH)Ka6JIeH, HO H onu npaKTI1QeCKH
He OKa3bIBaJIM cephe3Horo BJII1S1}IH Ha XO,l{ 60eBhIX JJ;eMCTBHM.
J1eTqMKH npoJJ;OJI)KaJIM MCKaTb CpeJJ;CTBa JJ;JISI B03JJ.YIlIHOH
60ph6bI. HeCTepOB ell.{e HaKanYHe BOMHhI OCHaCTHJI CBOH a3po-
,nJIan KopeM, nOJJ;BeIlleHHbIM Ha KOIIU 20-MeTpOBoro Tpoca.
l1JJ.e 3aKJIIOtHlJIaCh B CJIeJJ;YIOl.QeM: nOMeTeTb K nenpl1S1TeJIIO
C3aJJ;M M cBepxy, 3aI..1enMTb SlKopeM KphIJIO HJIM XBOCTOBoe one-
peHHe M BbIBeCr:H ero MalllHHY M3 paBHOBeCM . KpOMe 1"01'0,
HeCTepOB CqHTaJI, qTO, nOJIYt.IHB npeBOCXOJJ:CTBO B B03JJ:yxe no
BbICOTe, MO)KHO, MCKYCIIO MaHeBpHpySI, npM)KaTh npOTHBlIl1Ka
K 3eMJIe H npMHYJJ;MTb ero onYCTMThC B pacnOJIO)KeHHI1 PYC-
CKI1X. ,l{JI 60ph6hI C AMpI1JKa6JI5IMM 11 a3pOCTaTaMM HeCTepOB
YKpenMJI Ha XBOCTe CBoero a3pOnJIaHa nMJIY; OH npeJJ;nOJIaran
BcnaphIBaTb eIO 060JIOqKH B03AyIIIHbIX Kopa6JIci1. 3aTeM 011
npMQenMJI no,n CaMOJIeTOM Ha ,nJIMHIIOM CTaJIhHOM Tpoce rpy-
3MK, BblnYCKa5I KOTOpbIM B HY)KIIbIH: MOMeHT, paCCqMTbIBaJI ony-
TaTb TpOCOM BHHT Bpa)l(eCKOM MaIIIMHhI M 3aCTaBHTb ee npM:-
3eMJII1TbC . ,l{PyroH cnoc06, 60JIee onaCHbIM, HO TaK)Ke BhInOJI-
HHMhIH, COCTO JI, no MHeHMIO HeCTepOBa, B np MOM Hana.neHMM
Ha npOTHBHHKa - JJ;OCTaTOqHO qHPKHYTh>'> KOJIeCaMM cBoefl
MaIIIMHbI no I..1eHTpOnJIaHY HJII1 KphIJIY npOTHBHMKa, qT06bl
C6MTb ero. I-lecTepOBY YKa3bIBaJII1 na onaCHOCTb nOJJ.06Horo
ManeBpa, HO OH CqMTan, qTO npM YMeJIOM MCnOJIHeHMM 3,neCb
lIeI' 60JIhlUOrO pl1CKa. rrbITaJIC I-IecTepoB ,n06MThCSI M: YCTaHOB-
KH Ha CBoeM a3pOnJIaHe nYJIeMeTa ,nJISI CTpeJIh6bI nOBepx BMH-
Ta. Ho nOJIyqHTb nYJIeMeT eMY He Yll.aJIOCb: Boe}iHhIM JIeTqM-
KaM nYJIeMeT no lllTaTY He nOJIO)KeH>.>.
fBTY (fJIaBHOe BoeHHO-TeXHHqecKoe ynpaBJleHI1e) PYCCKOt't
apMHH npeJJ.CTaBMJIO feHepanhHOMY llITa6y B aBrYCTe MecSlUC
CJIe,nYIOll.{He C006pIDKeHI151 OTHOCMTeJIhHO BoeHHoro npl1MeHe-
HM:51 aBHaUMM: «Ha nepBOM MeCTe JJ;OJI)KHa CTO Tb 3aJJ;alJa Pa3-
BeJ.{KH, eCJIH 3Ta 3a,l{aqa 6YJJ;eT 3aCJIOHeHa norOHeH 3a npeBpal.QC-
HM:eM annapaTOB B cpe,nCTBa B03,nYlliHoro 6051, TO MO)KeT CJIY-
qI1ThC5I... qTO HH Ta, HM: JJ;PyraH 3a;J;aqa He 6YJJ;eT ,l{OCTHrnYTa>.>. C
v v
Ha"IaJIa BOMHhI BepXOBHoe KOMaH,nOBaHl1e PYCCKOI1 apMI1M He
npM,naBa.no HI1KaKOrO 3HaqeHH5I B03,nYlliHOMY 6010. 11 JJ;(l)Ke Y)Ke
B xo e BOHllbl, KOr,l{a fBTY npeJJ;CTaBHJIO B feHepaJIbHbIM lllTa6
96
A8ua USl BeJlu'Kou 80UHbl
co06pIDKeHM 0 B03MO)KHbIX BMJtaX 60eBoro npMMeHeHM CaMO-
JIeTOB, MbICJIb 0 B03JJ;YIllHOM 60e He BCTpeTMJIa nOAltep)KKM B
BbICIllI1X BoeHHbIX KPYrax. PYKOBOJJ;lITeJIM reHepaJIbHOrO IIITa6a
OC06eHHO nOJJ;lIepKHBaJIM B CBoeM 3aKJIlOlIeHI1M, tITO .MbICJIb 0
TOM, tITO BO BpeMR BOUHbI npl1JJ;eTC paHbIlle Bcero Cpa3I1TbC ,
1IT06bI OBJIa,l{eTb B03JI,YXOM, eJJ;Ba JII1 BepHa, 3TO 3HatII1JIO 6bI no-
CTaBMTb Ha KapTY B03JJ;yxOnJIaBaTeJIbHbIe CpeJI,CTBa 11 npM TOM
6e3 Ha.n:06HOCTM . IT03TOMY HI1KaKI1X MepOIIpM TI1H no BOOpy-
)KeHI1IO CaMOJIeTOB B POCCMI1 He npOBOJJ;I1JIOCb.
I-Io CTo.nKHOBeHI1 M CMepTeJIbHCUI 60Pb6a Mejl(JJ;Y KpbIJIa-
TbIMM JIIOJ1bMM HeM36e)KHO JJ;OJI)KHbI 6bIJIM B03HI1KHYTb. 11, no-
MHMO C03JJ;aHMH 3eHMTHOH apTHJIJIepMI1, JIYlIIllI1M CpeJ1CTBOM
60pb6bI C aBHaUl1eH npOTMBHI1Ka MOrJIa CTaTb TOJIbKO XOpOIIIO
opraHH30BaHHaH c06CTBeHHCUI aBHaUH .
OT,lteJIbHbIe JIeT1IHKM H KOHCTPYKTOPbI, npe,ltBHJ1}l B03MOjl(-
HOCTb B03J1YIIIHoro 60 , eme HaKaHYHe BOHHbI pa3JIMtIHbiM 06-
pa30M rOTOBMJII1Cb K TaKMM CTOJIKHOBeHI1HM. 3aTeM npM BCTpe-
qe C npOTHBHI1KOM Y)Ke BO BpeM BoeHHbIX J1eHCTBHM OTJ1eJIb-
HbIe JIeTlIHKI1 nbITaJII1Cb CTpeJI}lTb 113 nHCTOJIeTOB, HO npM
CKOpOCTH nOJIeTa 100-115 KM/qaC TaKCUI CTpeJIb6a OKa3a.n:aCb
COBeprneHHO 6e3pe3YJIbTaTHoit
ITpocb6bI PYCCKI1X aBMaOTp}lJ10B J1aTb MM XOT 6bI HeMHoro
ny JIeMeTOB OTKJIOH}lJIHCb noJI, npeJ1JIOrOM, tITO 3TO opYjI(He He
rrOJIO)KeHO no rnTaTY JIeTHbIM n0J1pa3J1eJIeHI1HM. 3KHnaiKaM
npeJI,JIara.n:OCb 6paTb B nOJIeT KPynHOKaJIM6epHbIe nMCTOJleTbI.
11 3TO .HeCMOTp Ha TO, liTO eme B <l>eBpaJIe 1911 r. no npeJ1-
CTaBJIeHl110 lllHlllKeBMtIa HatIaJIbHI1K PYCCKoro reHIIITa6a 51. r.
)l(I1JIHHCKMH McnpallIHBaJI Y BoeHHoro MI1HI1CTpa CYXOMJIHHO-
Ba pa3peIlleHM nepeJJ:aTb rrepBble 30 JIerKHX rrYJIeMeTOB .BHK-
Kepc B aBMaOTpH,ltbI. CYXOMJIMHOB OTBeTI1JI COrJIaCHeM M nep-
Bble 6 ny JIeMeTOB 6hIJIM YCTaHOBJIeHbl 18 MIOJI 1911 r. B 8- H
aBl1aUHOHHoH pOTe Ha .<DapMaHax-15 .
A C 31 HIOJIH no 6 aBrYCTa 1913 r. nopYlIl1K ITonJIaBKO co-
BepIllI1JI 19 nOJIeTOB C nYJIeMeTOM MaKcMM BeCOM 18,4 Kr Ha
a3pOnJIaHe C MaKCHMaJIbHOH CKOpOCTbIO 90 KM/qaC 11 nOTOJI-
KOM 1300-1500 M, B 3aBMCMMOCTI1 OT Beca JIeTlIHKa 11 na6JIIO-
,lI,aTeJIH. npOMCXO,lI,MJIM iaJ1ep)KKH H3-3a nepeKoca naTpOHOB,
1914 zoa
97
KOTOpbIl1: nOJIyqaJIc.H OTToro, '-ITO npH nOJIeTe BeTpOM JIeHTY 01"-
6paCbIBaeT... 06Iltee 3aKJII01.JeIIl1e: 1. CTpeJIb6a C a3pOnJIaHa
B03MO)l(Ha; 2. np0l13Be,l1eHIlbIe OllbITbI He ,ltaIOT B03l\10)KHOCTI1
,ltaTb 3aKJII01.JeHl1e 0 ,l.(elICTBHTeJlbIIOCTl1 Orll.Sl C aapOIJJIaIIa;
3. OnbITbI B 3TOM nanpaBJICHI1H )KeJIaTCJIbHO np0,l10JI:>KHTb...
BeCHOH 1914 r. nHJIOT A. ra6ep- BOJlbIHCKH I HCI1bITaJI ca-
MOJIeT cDapMaH-16 C 6pOHl1pOBaHHOH. Ka6HHoH H nYJIeMe-
TOM MaKCHM (OH BeCI1JI 21 Kr).
Ma1.JaBapHaHI1: YCTaHOBKa nYJIeMeTa YBeJII11.JHJIa nec H 3Ha-
1.IHTeJlbHO CIII1311JIa nOTOJIOK a3pOrrJIaHa. CHH3HJIaCb H CKO-
pOCTb, TaK KaK llYJIeMeT 11 npHcI1oc06JIelH1.R ,l{JI.SI ero YCTaIlOB-
KH YBeJIH1.JHJII1 JI060BOe corrpOTHBJIeHHe. A CHH)KeHl1e BbICOTbl
11 CKOpOCTH rrOJIeTa nOBbIIIIaJIO BepO.SlTHOCTb nOpa)KeHH.SI a3po-
nJIaHOB PY:>KeHIIbIM H nYJIeMCTHbIM orHeM Ha3eMHblX BOHCIC
IT pHIIlJIOCb npeKpaTI1Tb nOnbITKI1 BoopY)KeHI1.H aapOrrJIaHOll.
OHO CTaJIO B03MO)KHbIM C nO.SlBJleHHeM 60JIee COBcpIIleHHbIX
MaIIII1II 11 o6JIerqeHHbIX ny JIeMeTOB .
3Ta cHTyaQHH 6bIJIa xapaKTepHa lie TOJIbKO ,ltJI.SI POCCI1H,
rl e 11 no CIO rropy MHoroe C03) aeTC5I no rrpHHUl1rry rOJIb na
BbI,l{YMKH x Tpa .
3HrepT: ITpH ncpBblx 60eBbIx rrOJICTaX HaM npY1.JaJII1Cb
aBTOMaTHqeCKMe rrHCTOJICTbI C Y,ltJIHHCHHbIM npHKJIa)I,OM. Te-
nepb rrOKa)l(eTC.SI ,l1HKHM, eCJII1 CKa3aTb, qTO 51 JII11.JHO BO BpeM.SI
nOJleTa Ban; OeJIb<popOM B aBrYCTe 1914 r. HMCJI e,lJ.HHCTBen-
HblM 0pY)KHeM Kapa6HH, Ha CTBD]I KOToporo MHOIO 6bIJI Ha,l.(eT
rpaMMo<poHIIbIl1: Pynop, QT06bI npH BCTpe1.Je C HCnpH.SITeJIeM
3aCTpalIJ.aTb ero XOT.SI 61>1 THl\1 BI1,ltOM. Il03)I,Hee CTaJIH npI1Me-
lHITbC.SI ,ltaTCKlie MM3en-MycKCTbl H 25-TH 3ap.Sl,l{lIbIC MaY3e-
p bI .
Q)I,HaKO MaY3ep» npl1 CTpeJIb6e B CTOPOHY, npoTHBono-
JIO)KHYIO ,l(BJ1)KeHHIO a3p0I1JlaHa, nJIOXO BbI6paCbIBaJI rHJIb3bl
H3-3a BeTpa C3a)I,H, Hero QaCTO 3aKJIHHI1BaJIO. BHKKepC» rrpl1-
XO,ltHJIOCb rrpHCIIOCa6JII1BaTb TaKI1M 06pa30M, 1.JT06bI BOJ{.SIHOe
OXJi )K,lteHJtle 3aMeHI1Tb B03,ltYlIIHbIM.
,l{a)l(e 06JIerQeHHbI:H ny JIeMeT JIblOHC , KOTOpbI 1 C na'-Ia-
JIa ceIlTH6p.Sl CTaJIH YCTaHaBJII1BaTb B 6pl1TanCKI1X B BC, )I,aJIe-
KO HC CIIHMaJI rrpOOJIeM. CTpCJI.SITb npI1XO,ltHJIOCb nOBCpx BI1II-
4 AsHaltHJI BeJlHKOA BOitHbl
98
A8ua UR BeJlUKOU 80Ullbl
Ta. rarneTKa, npaBt(a, naXO,l{I1J1aCb Ha PYlIKe ynpaBJleHI1.R, HO
rrepe3ap.R,l{Ka Tpe60BaJIa 6blCTpbIX M Hl1rry JI.RIJ;I1H O,l{HOH PYKOH:
HY)KHO 6blJlO HaKJIOHI1Tb K ce6e Ka3eHHYIO lIaCTb 11 CMeHI1Tb
,l{I1CK. IT pOTHBHI1K MOr pa3J1l1tJHbIM 06pa30M I1CrrOJlb30BaTb 3TY
BbIHY)K,l{eHHYIO 3a,l{ep)KKY.
CEHTH6Pb
I1TaK, nepBbIH rrepl10,l{ Bothibl», COrJlaCHO onpe.n:eJIeHHIO
rpacpa I1rHaTbeBa, IlIeJl K 3aBepIlleHJ-Ilo. OJJ;HaKO OKOHqHJlC OH
OTHIO,l{b He B3 Tl1eM TIapl1)Ka. PaCtJeT repMaHCKoro KOMaH,l{O-
BaHI151 na MO b cDoeM apTI1J1J1eplll1 H uenneJlI1Hbl He onpaB-
JlaJIC , 11 I1JIJII03I1H repMaHCKI1X BoeHHbIX B peaJIHSIX BO IHbI 6bl-
CTpO pa3pYIlIHJlI1Cb. Bo-rrepBbIX, 11M He Y,l{aJIOCb npOHTH B 2-3
,l{HSI, KaK OIlYl lIa.n:eSIJlHCb, DeJlbrHIO; BO-BTOpbIX, H3-3a 3HeprH1.J-
HblX YCHJlHM PYCCKHX BoflCK 11M npHllIJIOCb CII.RTb C 3ana]J:lIoro
cppOHTa 11 nepe6pOCI1Tb Ha BOCT04I1bIM lIeCKOJlbKO KopnYCOB,
OCJla6HB TeM caMblM CBOIO Y,l{apHYIO rpynrrI1pOBKY eI1!C 60JIce.
KpOMe Toro, H3 8 ,l{eMCTBOBaBIllHx B03,l{YIllHbIX CY,l{OB (5 Ha 3a-
na,l{IIOM <ppoHTe, 3 Ha BOCT01.JHOM) B nepBbIe )l(e ne,l{eJII1 BOHHbl
6bIJlO rrOTCp5IHO 1. 11 Tenepb, HatJHHaSI C ceHT 6p.R 1914 r., ,l{11-
pI1)Ka6JIH nOCblJlalOTCSI TOJlbKO HOtJLIO. tIecl\10Tp51 Ha Bce 3TO
lI.enlleJlHH-KOlIl{epn npO,l{OJl)KaeT BblIIYCK B03,l{YIlJIibIX Cyt{OB.
l1x TeXlIH1.JeCKl1e xapaKTepI1CTHKH Bce 60JIce COBepIllCIICTBY-
10TCH, HO rHraHTCKHe Cl1rapbl no-rrpe)f(HeMY OCTaIOTC5I OTIIOCH-
TeJlbHO JlerKOH t{06bl l leH Ha3eMHOM 3anU1TbI.
A a3pOnJIaHbI CTaHOB.RTCSI Bce 60Jlee 11 60Jlec 60ccnoc06-
I1bIMH. B 3TOM MeC.Rue na a3p0l1JlaHbI 6pHTaHcKHx B03/.{YUIHbIX
CI1J1 HatJaJlH YCTaHaBJIHBaTb nepBble 06JlertIeHHbIe ny JIeMeTbI
BI-IKKepc» 11 JIbIOHC».
HecMoTpSI na lie CTOJlb 6J1eCTSIlltCe, KaK O)KH,l{aJIOCb, npl1-
MeHeHHe ,l{MpHiKa6J1eH H uenneJIHHOB B rrep"BblH Mec u BOMHbl,
AnrJlI1}1 CpOtJIIO HaJla)f(HBaCT HX npOH3Bot{CTBO. 1-10, B OTJlHtII1C
OT fepManl1H, rrpeJUla31IatJaeT 3TH B03JI:yun-IbIe MaIllHHbl ueJIH-
KOM ,n:JlH HY)K,lJ; MopCKoro BeJlOMCTBa, H npeiKt{e Bcero j{JISI OX-
paHbI MopeH OT repMaHCKHX nOt{BO,l{HbIX JIOt{OK. DbIJlO 3aMetJe-
IIO, liTO JleTaTCJlblIblM anrrapaT B ,n:cJIe 06HapY)KeHl151 nO,l{Bot{-
1914 lod
99
HblX JIOJ(OK HMeeT HeocnopHMoe npeHMylItecTBO; OH n03BOJI -
eT 3aMeTHTb nepHCKon Ha 3HatlHTeJIbHO 60JIbllleM paCCTO HHI1,
tleM aTO B03MO)f(HO C Kopa6JI . KpoMe Toro, Bbl CHI1J10Cb, qTO C
u
B03Jtyxa B cnoKoHHYIO noroJty XOpOlUO BHlI.HbI nOll.BOll.llble JIO,l1-
KH Ha rJly611He OT 10 J(O 30 M, n 3aBHCHMOCTH OT COCTO IlI1
BOJ(bl. lloaToMY 06e BOIOlOlItHe CTOpOHbI Y)Ke B aTOM MCC I.1e
OpralI1130BaJII1 6eperOBbIe B03J(YWHble OTp J(bI, BoopY:>KeHHbIC
rHJ(pocaMOJleTaMH. QJ(HaKO J(e TeJIbHOCTb HX B nepBble rOll.bI
BOHHbl 6bIJla MaJI03<pcpeKTHBHOH H B OCHOBHOM orpaHHQHna-
u
JIaCb pa3BeJ(KOH.
repMaHH Ha rJIaBHOM TeaTpe BoeHHbIX J(eHCTBI1M B npo-
JII1Be JIa-MaHlU H Ha CeBepHOM Mope HMeJla TOJIbKO OJ(HH OT-
p J( Ha reJlbfOJIaHJ(CKOM OCTpOBe H3 lUeCTH rl1J(pocaMOJleTOB,
cnoco6HblX BeCTI1 pa3Be,l1KY JIHlUb B npl16pe:>KHblX paHoHax.
1 ceHmR6pR - l(HpeKTHBa )l(o<p<ppa 0 ,l1aJlbHethlieM OT-
cTynJleHHH <PpaHUY3CKHX BOHCK Ha JIHHI110 HO)KaH - 6ap-JIc-
J!1OK. 6- apMH MOHypH nO,l1t1HHeHa KOMeH,l1aHTY IIapl1:>Ka.
repMaHcKHH paaBe,l1bIBaTeJlbHbIH ,l1l1pH:>Ka6J1b Z- IX H01.JbIO
o6HapY:>KHJI Ha ceBepnoM yqaCTKe <ppoHTa <ppaHUY3cKI1C 6HBa-
KH 6J1H3 reHTa*.
113 TeJlerpaMMbl rpa<pa I1rnaTbeBa B POCCI1IO: ...HeMeu.Ka
p3JI.HOTeJIerpaMMa 113BeCTHJla 0 nOJIHOM 6YJ(TO 6bl nOpa)KeHHI1
HallieH 2-H apMl111 nOJ( TaHHell6eprOM, QTO Mbl npHnHCbIBaeM
<pa6pHKe <paJlblliHBblX CBeJteHI1H.
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apMHSI nepelUJia B qaCTHtiHoe HaCT)'nJleHl1e. repMaHCKHe apMI1H
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l-SI repMaHCKaSI apMHSI J(OlliJla J(O JIHIIHH MOHJ(H,l1be, Pya.
2-SI repMaHCKaSI apMHSI - nnepe,nH PeTeJl .
3-SI repMaHcKCUI apMH - K 3anaJJ;y OT MOHMeJ(H.
· J!Hpw)Ka6Jlh Z-IX 6aJHpoU3JICJI n .l(IOCCCJlhJ\oM)C. OT J!IOCCCJlbJlopcf)a JlO
fCII1'a 110 IIpJlMOH IIC 60JICC 240 KM. Ha iall3JUIOM (l>pou1'c 0 STO Upct.Ut 60JICC
JtaJlhllHX p33IICJlOK lIa JlI-tpI1)Ka6Julx IIC IIpcJUIPI-IIIHMaJIOCb.
100
A8uau,UR BellUKOU 80Ulfbl
4-.R repMaHCKa.R apMH.R - K BOCTOKY OT CTeHe.
S-.R repMaHCKa.R apMH.R He nepelllJIa e e Ha JIeBbIH 6eper
Maaca MeJK.n;y CTeHe 11 Bep.n;eHOM.
6-.R H 7 -.R repMaHCKl1e apMI1I1, nO-B:HLtI1MOMY, I1CTOll1eHbI B
HenpepbIBHbIX 60.Rx.
YKa3aHHa.R MHOIO B1Jepa (18/31 aBrycTa) HeMeUKa.R PMI10-
TeJIerpaMMa 0 nOJIHOM nOpaJKeHl111 HarneH BTOpOH apMHI1 no.n;
TaHHeH6eproM OCTaeTC.R 6e3 onpOBepIKeHI1.R, MeIK.n;y TeM B HeM:
ynoMI1HaeTC.R 0 B351TI1I1 HeMuaMI1 B nJIeH 60 000 PYCCKI1X H KO-
MalllJ:l1pOB 1JaCTeM XIII 11 XV KopnycoB. TaK KaK I1CXO.n; BOMHbI
3aBl1CI1T OT .n;pYIKHoro .n;ei1:cTBI1.R Harnei1: 11 cppaHUY3cKOH apMI1H,
npl13HalO COBepmeHHO He06xo.n;I1MbIM HaJIa.n;I1Tb ,l{eJIO onOBe-
Il{eHI1.51 <ppaHUY3cKoro rJIaBHOKOMaH,l{YIOIUero 0 HaIllI1X onepa-
UH.RX, B03MO)KHO, eJKeLtHeBHO .
BOCm01Lll0eeponeUCKUU meamp
ABCTpO- BeHrpl1..R npOBo.n;I1T neperpynnl1pOBKY CBOI1.X BOMCK
11 6pocaeT KO JIbBOBY npOTI1B 3-M 11 8-i1: PYCCKI1X apMI1M 4-10 11
3-10 aBCTpI1MCKHe, a TaKIKe npM6bIBlllYlO C Cep6cKoro cppoHTa
2-10 aBCTpl1HCKYIO apMHIo. 1-.R aBCTpI1MCKa.R apMI1.R 110cI1cpa
cDep.n;I1.HaHLta OCYll1eCTBJI.ReT npl1.KpbITl1e.
B II01Jb no npl1Ka3Y KOMaULtYIOIUero pyccKl1e apMI1I1 OTCTY-
nalOT K JII06JIHHY 11 XOJIMY. 4-.R PyccKa.R apMI151 reHepaJIa 3Bep-
Ta, no,l{ lJ;aBJleHl1eM npeBOCX01 .RIIJ.I1X CRJI npOTI1BHI1Ka, OTXO.n;I1T
Ha ceBep.
,L{Hp11IKa6JIb IlIIOTTe-JIaHu-2», Haxo.n;.R I1MC.R B pacnop.R-
)KeHI1I1. aBCTpl1I1CKOrO KOMaH,l{OBaHI1.R, npOM3BeJI ycnelllHYlo
pa3BeLtKY B paMoHe JIO,lJ:3b - neTpoKoB.
2 ceumR6pR - <I>paHUY3cKoe npaBI1TeJIbCTBO 11.3 ITapl1)Ka
nepeeXaJIO B DOp.n;O.
fepMaHCKa.R B03.n;YlIIHa.R pa3Be.n;Ka ,l{OHeCJIa, 1JTO Ha BOK3a-
JIax CIOl1nn, TIOpJII1, CeHT-I1JIep npOI1Cxo.n;HT norpY3Ka BOHCK.
qTO 3TO MO)KeT 03Ha1JaTb?
Bocm01L1-l0eBpOneUCKUU meamp
llOTepneJI nOpa)KeHl1e B JII06JII1H- XOJIMCKoi1: onepaUl111 X
aBCTpl1.MCKI1M Kopnyc, npHcTynl1BIlIl1.M K OXBaTY JIeBOrO KpbIJIa
1914 lOa
101
4-i11>YCCKOti apMHH, nacTyrrJIeIlHe 1-ti aBCTpHHCKOH apMHJ13aX-
JIe6bIBaCTC$I. PYCCKHC BOHCKa 3aHHMaIOT raJIH'lJ.
06JIaKa BHC$lT HH3KO Ha,n: 3eMJIeti, 11eJIbIM ,n:eHb MOpOCHT
,l.(O)l(J(b, JIeTaTb HeB03MOIKIIO.
3 ceumR6pR - 1-$1 repMaHCKa$l apMH$I rrOCJICJ.{OBaJIa 3a CRO-
11M aBaHrap,n:OM K IllaTo- TbeppH, K nepenpaBe \lepe3 MapHY,
TaK KaK, COrJIaCHO )],OHeCeHI1HM JIeT1.IHKOB, )],aJIbHeMll1ee rrpe-
CJIeJ(OBaHl1e aHrJII11.IaH He rrpe)],BCll1aJIO ycrrexa. 3TO 06111ee pe-
meHl1e, MMHOBaTb KperrocTb II ap 11:>K , cocpeJ(oT01.IHJIO Bce BHJ1-
MaHJie KOMaHJ(oBaHH$I repMaHCKOH apMl111 Ha IO:>KHOM Harrpan-
JIeHHH H 3aJ(aHI1H B03)],ymHo11 pa3BcJ(Ke no 06CJlel10BalIHI0
npaBofo <pJIaHra He J(aBaJIOCb, a IV pe3epBHbrH Kopnyc, HrpaB-
IIIH" pOJIb 3aCJIOHa co CTOpOHbI napH:>Ka, CBOCM aBHal.{HH He
HMeJI.
6-$1 <ppaHUY3cKa$l apMH5I Ha3Haqena J(JI5I 060POHbI ITapI1-
:>Ka; )],Ba CHJIbHO nOTpenaHHbIX B nOCJIeJ(HI1X 60$lx Kopnyca KO-
MaHJ(YIOIl1I1M apMHI1 OTnpaBJI$leT B IlapHJK, \leTblpC Koprryca
OCTaBJI5IeT Ha n03HI.{H5IX.
repMaHcKM aBHapa3Be)],Ka ,lI,OHCCJla: B 10 1.Iac. 40 MHlI. YTpa
O)],Ha neXOTHM )],I1BH3H$I pacrrOJIO)KeHa B 60eBoM nOp5l,lI,Ke 10IK-
Hee H IorO-3arra,lI,Hee l(cMapTen. 3aMeqen apTHJlJIepHHCKHH
,lI,I1BI13HOH, )],BHraIOll1l1tic$I OT BI1J1bHeB K l(eMapTeH»; «5 lJac.
30 MUH. nOrrOJIYJl.HH paHoH CaHJII1 - KperrJIb - JIa3aprn -
l(cMapTeH - HaHTeMJIb cB060J(CH... OKOJIO BI1JIJIepOH 8 pOT, Y
JIe-He<p - O)],Ha pOTa . TaK:>Ke C0061l1aJIOCb 0 15-20 BOI1HCKI1X
noe3)],ax Ha BOK3aJIaX IllaJIon H MeHeYJIb C napOB03aMI1 na
3ana,lI,» M 0 HHTeHCMBHOM ,lI,BH:>KeHI1H rroe3)],OB Ha JII1HI1I1 CeH-
PeBHHbH I-fa OCHOBaHHI1 Bcex 3THX J.{aHHbIX repMaHCKoe rJlan-
Hoe KOMaH)],onaHHe OTKa3aJIOCb OT rrpOBe,lI,CHI151 HaMeqeHHOH
HacTyrraTeJIbHOH onepal.{HM.
<DpaHUY3CKl1e JleT1.IHKI1 YCTaHOBHJII1, \lTO 1-$1 rcpMaHCKa.H
apMH$I rrpeKpaTHJIa )],BM:>KeHHe Ha IlapH:>K M cBepHYJIa MI1MO
YKperrJIeHHM CTOJIHUbI C IOro-BOCT01.IHOM CTOpOHbI. Ha OCHOBa-
HI1I1 3TMX ,lI,aUHbIX )l(oQ><pp rrpl1HI1MaeT pemcHHe Ha\laTb 6-ro
CeHT$l6pH KOHTpHacTyrrJIeHHe.
6-$1 apMHH, COrJIaCHO rrpl1Ka3Y )l(o<p<ppa, nepCMell1aeTC
ceBepO-BOCT01.IIIee TIapH:>Ka. 1-10 ec MapIIl npepBaH 113neCTI1CM,
102
A8U UR BeJlU1COU BOUHbI
nocTynHBlliHM OT aBHaTOpoB, 0 nORBneHHH KOJIOHHbl npOTHB-
HHKa Ha J{opore Bep6epH - CaHJIHC - lllaHTHJIbH. KOJIOIlHa
<ppaHQY30B nepeWJIa Ya3Y y KpeHJIb, HanpaBJIRRCb Ha lllaH-
THJIbH. VII Kopnyc 6blCTpO pa3BepHYJICR <ppOHTOM Ha ceBep,
HO npOTHBHHK He 06paIUaJI Ha aTOT Kopnyc HHKaKoro BHHMa-
HHR: OH npOXOJ{HJI MHMO 6-H apMHH, HanpaBJIRjJCb Ha IOfO-BO-
CTOK.
Y <ppaHQY3CKoro rJIaBHOrO KOMaHJ{OBaHHR Bce 60JIbme
MlIO:>KHJIHCb CBeJ{eHHR 0 TOM, 'liTO BCR 1-R repMaHCKaR apMHR
YCTpeMJIReTCR MHMO napH)I(a B IOrO-BOCTOqHOM HanpaBJIeHHH.
B 19 qaCOB 06 aTOM TeJIe<pOHHpOBan H3 PeHCH MOHYPH. B
21 qac TO )I(e nOl(TBep)KJtaJIOCb ry6epHaTopoM napH:>Ka Ha OC-
HOBaHHH CBeJ{eHHH aBHaQHOHHOH pa3BeJ{KH. B ::ITO )I(e BpeMR
nOJIKOBHHK [lOre TeJIecpOHHpOBan: no BnOJIHe npOBepeHHbIM
H COBna.naIOIUHM J{aHHbIM aHrJIHHCKHX JIeT\IHKOB, BCR 1-jJ rcp-
MaHCKCUI apMHjJ, 3a HCKJII01.JeHHeM IV pe3epBHoro Kopnyca, Ha-
npaBJIReTCR Ha IOrO-BOCTOK, 'lT06bl nepeHTH MapHY Me)I(J{y
IIlaTo- TbeppH H JIa-<I>epTe-cy-)I(yap C QeJIblO aTaKOBaTb JIe-
BbIH cpJIaHr 5-H apMHH. Ero rOJIOBHbIe OTpRl(bI, BHe COMHeHHR,
B aTOT Be'lep J{ocTHrHYT peKH .
B 'leTBepr pa3blrpanocb B03J{ymHoe cpaiKeHHe Ha,lt <I>paH-
UHeH.
TeJIerpacpHpyeT B JIoHJ{OH KoppecnoHl(eHT Evening
News : BeqepOM OKOJIO nOJIOBHHbI llIeCTorOR OT,ltbIXan B TeHM
60JIbmOrO rpymeBoro J{epeBa. Bttpyr nOCJIbImanCR iKY)I()KalltHH
3BYK - CTpaHHbIH H KaK 6YJ{TO 3HaKOMbIH...
BbICOKO Ha.n rOJIOBOH nOBMC B B03J{yxe KpbIJIaTbIH Kopa6JIb,
TO'lb-B-TOqb KaK TOT, KOTOpbIH R BHtteJI HeJ{aBHO, KorJ{a 60M6H-
JIH :>KeJIe3HOJ{opO)I(HYIO CTaHQHIO.
"JICTHT 'lepTOBCKH 6bICTpO. no BH,lty KaK 6YJ{TO HeMeQKHM.
I-IaBepHoc, HanpaBJIReTCR K cTa.ny KOpOB, KOTOpbIX npMrHaJIH
J.{JIR apMHH, XOqeT 6pOCHTb 60M6y", - CKa3aJI MOH CbIH.
B CJIe,ltYIOIUHH MOMeHT MaIlIHHa nOBepHYJIaCb HOCOM K 3eM-
JIe H CTaJIa 6bICTpO cnycKaTbcR, npope3CU1 B03J{YX, CJIOBHO $ICT-
pe6, na,ltaIOIl1HH Ha J{06blqy. 3aTeM, HbIPHYB HeMHoro B CTOpO-
HY, a3pOnJIaH nOMqaJICR Ha,lt caMoH 3eMJIeM, CJIOBHO JIaCTOqKa
nepel( J.{O)I(,ltCM.
1914 lOa
103
'
YJ{HBMTCJIbHOC 3pCJIHIl{C, XOT.H 3a PYJICM CH,neJI Bpar, $I He
Mor Y.ltepJKaTbC.H OT BOCTopra, BM,ltH ero x.na,ltHOKpOBJlIe. JIeTeTb
HH3KO Ha,lt 3eMJIeH, 3Ha'-IHT pHCKOBaTb 6bITb JlI3perne'-IeHHbIM
ny JIHMM. BC,ltb Ha TaKOH BbICOTe ero MO:>KHO c6I1Tb npH rrOMO-
IUH 06bI'-IHOrO OXOTHMlJberO PYJKbH.
I1x 6bIJIO ,ltBoe. CM,lteiulIHM 3a PYJIeM, nepOHTHO, 6bIJI lJeJIO-
BeKOM BbICOKoro pOCTa C JlbH.HHOrO lI.BeTa 60PO,ltOM. Bc.H n03a
,
ero, - crOp6JIeHHbIe nJIelJH, BbITHHYTaJI Bnepe,lt rOJIOBa, corHYB-
IlleeCH TeJIO, - HanOMHHaJIa XHIl.{HYIO nTMU:Y. rJIa3a 3aKpbIBaJlH
60JIbuiMe aBMaU:HOHHbIe OlJKH. ,l.{JIMHHbIe BOJIOCbI M BCH BHe-
IllHOCTb .Hcno rOBOpHJIM, '-ITO 3TO He BoeHHbIH. HM rOJIOBHOrO
y60pa, HM nM,lt:>KaKa na HeM He 6bIJIO. PYKaBa 6bIJIM BbICOKO 3a-
CYlJeHbI, 6eJIble KaK Y :>KeHmHIIbI PYKH 06Ha:>KeHbI. BToporo .H
lIe ycneJI pa3rJIH,l1eTb nO,ltp06HO.
TYT nO,ltHHJIMCb B B03,l1YX ,ltBa <ppaHU:Y3CI<MX a3p0I1JIana.
HCMeU:KHH PYJIeBOH pBaHYJICH BBepx, nO'-ITH BepTHKaJIbHO Ha-
npaBJIH.HCb K caMbIM 06JIaKaM. 3TO 6bIJI ero eJ{HHCTBeHHbIH
manc - 3a6paTbC.H BBepx H C6POCHTb orrY,lta 60M6bI I1JIH ony-
CTHTbCH Ha O,ltMH H3 <ppaHU:Y3CKMX a3pOIIJIaHOB M BMeCTe C HHM
pa36HTbCH HacMepTb. <DpaHU:Y3bI 3HaJIH 3TO. OHM JIeTeJII1 BCJIeJ{
3a HeMu:eM, Bce BpeMH OCTaBa Cb IlOBepx ero 11 C 06eHX CTOpOII
nO,lt6HpaJIl1Cb Bce 6JIH:>Ke H 6JII1:>Ke, CJIOBHO OpJIbI, rOTOBbIe KH-
nYTbC.H Ha u:anJIIO. II MJIOT JIeBOrO Q:>paHI Y3CKoro a3pOnJIana
nalJaJI CTpeJIHTb no HeMI.{Y, H B CJIe,ltYIOIHYIO MHHYTY TOT nOJIe-
TeJI CTpeJIOH BHH3. 3aTeM HeMeI.{ nOBepHY JIC.H H, npOJIeTCB nOl!
JIeBbIM npeCJIe,ltOBaTeJIeM, PHHYJICH B CTOPOHY. 3TO 6bIJI BeJIH-
KOJlerrHbIH MaHeBp, rr03BOJIMBllIHH eMY H36aBMTbCH OT npeCJIe-
,l10BaHH C ,ltBYX CTOpOH. O,l1HaKO npaBbIH <ppaHI.{Y3 B CJIe,l1YIO-
mHti MOMeHT CTaJI nepeceKaTb CMY ,ltopory. I-IeMeu. BHOBb YBep-
HYJICH, HO Tcnepb eMY npMllIJIOCb JIeTeTb rrp.HMO K cpopTal\1.
OTTY,lta Ha6JIIOJ{aJIM 3a 60eM H Y:>Ke :>KJ.(aJIM CBoeM OlJepe,ltH. I-Ia-
,lte:>K,ltbI Bnepe,llM He 6bIJIO. I1rpa 6bIJIa KOHlIeHa. l-IeMeu: 3TO 3HaJI
Ii nalIaJI eme M elI e nOBOpa'-IHBaTb, B3MbIBaTb B BbIIIIHIIY, 6po-
CaTbC5{ TO BrrpaBO, TO BlIeBO. Ho <ppaHUY3bI HeoTcTynHo npn-
:>KHMaJIM ero K 3CMJIe ,ltO Tex nop, nOKa OH He Pyxny JI Ha 3eMJIIO
M He npeBpaTMJIC rpYJ.{Y pa3BaJIHH. 06a HeMeI.{KMX JIeTlJHKa
norM6JIH».
104
A Buau,UR BeJlUKOU BOU1lbl
JIJIOH ,l!:>KOP )IC 3 CeHT$l6p$l 1914 r. no npe JIO:>KeHMIO
JIop a KMTqeHepa, qepllHJIJIb * B3$1JI Ha ce6$1 Bce eJIO B03 YIIl-
HOH3aIIlHTbI AHrJIHM. CqHTaH, qTO JIyqIIlHH MeTO 3aIIlHTbI -
Hana eHHe, OH nepe6pOCMJI a3pOnJIaHbl B ,l!IOHKepK JI$I aTaK
Ha B03.n:YIIlHble 6a3bl HenpH$lTeJI$I. 3TO nOCJIY:>KHJIO TOJIlJKOM K
IllMPOKOMY caMOCTO$lTeJIbHOMY pa3BMTHIO onet)au:wH MOpCKOH
aBI1au;WW; 3TO )Ke npHBeJIO BnOCJIeJ.(CTBWW K opraHM3aU:I1H Ko-
pOJIeBCKOH MOpCKOH B03 YIlIHOH CJIY:>K6bI B KaqeCTBe He3aBM-
CHMO:H OT KOpOJIeBCKOro JIeTnOrO Kopnyca e WHHUbI... Kor a
l.IepqwJIJIb IIO aJI B oTcTaBKY, B03J{YillHO-MOpCKa$l cJIY:>K6a ne-
pelllJIa B BeJ{eHHe A MHpaJITeHcTBa».
4 ceumR6pR - <DpanU:Y3CKOJI apMH$I JIeBOrO <pJIaHra npo-
XO HT qepe3 nOKHHYTblH npaBMTeJIbCTBOM IIapM:>K.
Ha OCHOBaHWM aHHbIX aBwaUHoHHoH pa3Be KI1 repMaH-
CKoe KOMaH OBaHwe M3 aeT wpeKTHBY, B KOTOpOH OTMeqaeT,
lJTO npOTHBHHK YKJIOHHJIC$I OT 06xo Horo BH)KeHH$I M nepe-
6pacblBaeT BOHcKa Ha 3ana.n;. BBH Y 3Toro OTTeClIeHMe Bcex
HenpI1$1TeJIbCKMX CMJI B IOrO-BOCTOlJHOM nanpaBJIeHMH K IllBeH-
u:apCKOH rpaHHQe $IBJI$leTC$I Y:>Ke HeB03MOIKHbIM». B pe3Y JIbTa-
Te repMaHcKHe apMHH pa3BepTb1BaIOTC$I <ppOHTOM K IIapH:>KY
Me)K Y Ya30H H CeHoH, rOTOB$lCb OTpa:>KaTb y apbl COI03HblX
CHJI. I-IanpaBJIeHHe y apa npoTHB JIeBOrO KpblJIa cppaHQY3cKWX
apMwH nepenOCHJIOCb Ha npaBoe; 6-$1 H 7-$1 apMHM J{OJI:>KHbl
6blJIH 3aH$lTb Hancw. APMM$I KJIIOKa nepeIIlJIa MapHY.
qeTbIpe Kopnyca 6-H <ppaHU:Y3CKOH apMMH, Ha3HaqeHHOH
.n;JI$I 060POHbl IIapw:>Ka, nOJIyqaIOT nO KpenJIeHHe B BHJ(e 4S-H
neXOTHOH l(MBM3HM, KOTOpOJI, BbIH,lUI M3 rlapH:>Ka, J{OIllJIa,lJ:O JIe-
5YP:>Ke. 3-}I <ppaHU:Y3CKOJI 3CKa pMJIb$l, pacnOJIO:>KeHHM y 3nH-
HaJIb, nOJIyqHJIa npHKa3 OTnpaBHTbC$I B paMon 60eB B paCIIO-
p$l)KeHMe apMHM <DoIIla.
113 OH eceHHM repMaHCKofl aBHapa3Be KH: S "lac. 30 MMH.
· KHTYCIICp fopalU1ii fcp6cpT (1850-1916) - allrJJHiicKHH q>CJ1hJlMaplllaJI.
B 1900-1902 rr. - rJlaBJlOKOMallJlYloILU1H BOHcKaMH B AJlrJlo-6YPcKo 1 Boii-
IIC. B 1914-1916 IT. - BOCIIJJbJH MHIIHCTp BCJIHK06pHTaIlHH.
t}CPLf'UIJlb YHIICTOII JIcollapJl CIICIICCp (1874-1965) - IIpCMhCp-MI'IIIHCTp
BCJIHK06pHTaJuIH B 1940-1945 IT. U 1951-55 IT. C 1911-1915 IT. - MOpCKo 1
MHIIHCTp BCJUIKcx>pHTaluul. B 1919-1921 IT. - BOClillblH MHIUICTP I MHIIUCTP
aiUlallHH.
1914 lOa
105
nOnOJI)'-,ltHM HaJIHHHH BMJIJIepoH -llleHBbep - 3nM3-JIe-JIYBp
pa3BepHYBIIlMeC.H BOHCKa. IO)KHee JIe- EJIaH - MeHMJIb nOJIK
neXOTbI. B IIapH)Ke KOJIOHHbI 06030B ,ltBMraIOTC5I Ha BOCTOK. B
BOCTOlJHOH qaCTH TIapM)Ka 60JIbIIlOM JIarepb, nOJIHbIM60JIbIIlMX
M MaJIbIX naJIaTOK.. Bce OCTaJIbHbIe ,ltOHeCeHM5I JIeTlIMKOB B 3TOT
,aeHb CBH,aeTeJlbCTBOBaJIM npeHMYlI.(eCTBeHHO 06 oTxo,ae cppaH-
UY30B IO)KHee MapHbI H EOJIbllIOrO MopeHa 11 0 TIpHCYTCTBHI1
6-M paHUY3cKOH apMMH ceBepHee TIapM)Ka.
113 npMKa3a IIlTa6a Koprryca 3-M repMaHCKOM apMJ1H: «B03-
JtYllIHYIO pa3Be,ltKY HanpaBMTb B TpeyrOJIbHMK l{eMapTen -
TIapM)K - lIlya3M C 06pall!eHI1CM oc060ro BHI1MaHI15I na 06CTa-
HOBKY y KYJIOMMbe..
«ApMMM 3TH y)Ke ,ltOCTJ1rJIH peKJ1 MapHbI, lIe OCTaBJI5I5I HH-
qero npOTHB TIapH)Ka., - Co06lI.(aJI rpa I1rHaTbeB 11 YTOqH5IJI
3TO TaK: «OnaCHoe nOJIO)KeHl1e 1-H repManCKOH ap rHH, HMeIO-
liteM C JIaHra napH)KCKYIO apMJ1IO, ,ltOJI)KHO 6bITb rrpl1t.IHHOM
HaqaJIa reHepaJIbHoro Cpa)KeHM5I».
6-51 paHUY3cKa5I apMI151 OCTaeTC5I Ha CBOHX n03HQI151X ce-
BepO-BOCTOQHee IlapM)Ka, KOTopbIe OHa YKpenJI5IeT. QacTI1 VII
Kopnyca B BbIcIIleH CTeneHM YTOMJIeHbI 6ecrrpepbIBHbIMH rre-
peJtBH)KeHH5IMM CHaqaJIa H3 3JIb3aCa, 3aTeM BO BpeM5I oTcTyn-
JIeHM5I OT COMMbI. ABHaUMOHHOJI pa3BeJtKa, 06CJIe.n.oBaB paHoH
K ceBepy OT rrapH)Ka, HHr.n.e He 06HapY)KHJIa npOTHBHHKa: BC5I
1-51 repMaHCKaH apMHH I1axo.n.MJIaCb YJKe BOCTOqHee TIapH)Ka.
B pe3YJIbTaTe 6-H apMH pa3BOpaqMBaeTCH pOHTOM Ha BOC-
TOK, He OnaCOJICb 3a CBOM JIeBbIM cpJIaHr.
AHrJIHHCKa apMHH paCnOJlaraeTC5I1OrO-BOCTOqHee TIapH-
)Ka, r,lte OHa nOJIyqaeT nOnOJIHeHHe B 10 TbIC. qeJIOBeK.
B 22 qaca no lllTa6aM cppaHUY3cKHX apMHH pa30CJIaH npH-
Ka3 )J(o<p pa 0 HacTynJIeHI1I1, HaQI1I1alOllU,IMC5I CJIOBaMH: «CJIe-
,ltyeT HCnOJIb30BaTb pI1CKOBaHHoe nOJIO)l(eHMe 1-M repMaHcKoM
apMHH, qT06bI cOCpe,ltOTOQHTb Ha HeM YCHJIH5I COlO3HbIX JIeBocp-
JIaHrOBbIX apMHH. Bce MCpbI ,aOJI)KHbI 6bITb npl1HHTbI 5 ceH-
T5I6p51 C ueJIblO ,ltBHHYTbC5I B aTaKY 6-ro .
3TOT ,ltelih 03HaMeHOBaJIC5I 6ecnpepbIBHbIM TpeCKOM a3po-
rrJIaHHbIX M OTOpOB B OKpeCTHOCT5IX napH)Ka..
· A. BJIOK rOBOpUJI, liTO IIIYM IIpOIlCJIJICpa .BBCJI R Ml1p IIOBbl i 3BYK .
106
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80U'H/bl
BocmO'tl'HOeBpOneUCKUU meamp
PYCCKMe BOMCKa 3aHMMaIOT JIbBOB. ABCTpO- BeHrpH C03,l(a-
eT 9- 10 apMHIO.
B IlITa6e apMHM rrOJIyqeHa TeJIerpaMMa: «... y ,l(epeBHH Ap-
TbIIllOB MOTOp 6bIJI rr0.l16HT, rrpHIIlJIOCb crrycKaTbc . ArrrrapaT
B30pBaJIM... BoeHHbIM JIeTqMK rropyqHK MpoqKOBCKI1M. H 6JIIO-
,l(aTeJIb KarrHTaH JIa3apeB». 06a JIeTqHKa 6JIarOrrOJIyqHO ,l(06-
paJIHCb ,l(0 PYCCKHX rr03HUHM C rrJIeHHbIM aBcTpHMUeM. 06 HC-
KJIIOqeHHH arrrrapaTa HbIOrrop N2 29 C MOTOpOM [HOM 70 I-IP
N2 2280 rrO,l(aH aKT 3a N2 122.
4- , 5-5111 9-51 PyccKMe apMI1H rrepeXO,lI,5IT B 06u!ee HacTyrr-
JIeHl1e Ha IOrO-3arral(HOM cppOHTe.
113 IIlTa6a HecTepoBY: «COrJIaCHO rrOCJIe,l(OBaBIlIerO npMKa-
3aHM5I [JIaBHOKOMaH,lI,YIOIUerO apMH MH IOro-3ana.n:noro CPPOH-
Ta, JIeTlJ11KI1 BBepeHHOrO BaM OTp ,l(a IlITa6c- KarrHTaH faBHH 11
rropyqHK M p01.IKOBCKHM, arrrrapaTbI KOHX rrO,l(BeprJIHCb YHHqTO-
)KeHHIO npl1 rrOJIeTaX Hal( HerrpH5ITeJIbCKI1M paCrrOJIO)KeHHeM,
.l10JI)KHbI 6bITb HeMe)],JIeHHO KOMaH.l1HpOBaHbI B IIeTep6ypr B
fJIaBHOe TeXHMqeCKOe ynpaBJIeHl1e ,l(JI 06yqeHI151 MX Ha anrra-
paTaX HOBOM CHCTeMbI. 0 ,l(He OT6bITI151 JIeTqHKOB ,l(OHeCI1Te.
OCHOBaHHe: TeJIerpaMMa IlITa6a fJIaBHOKOMaH,l(YIOIUerO N2 7».
B 11-M aBHaOTp5l)],e OCTaJIOCb TOJIbKO )],Ba BoeHHbIX JIeTql1-
Ka: lllTa6c-KarrHTaH HecTepoB 11 rropY1.I11K IIepe)],KoB.
MAPHCKA 6HTBA
MapHCKaH 611TBa Haqa.naCb YTPOM 5 CeHT5I6p * CTOJIKHO-
BeHMeM 6-M cppanUY3cKOM apMI1H C IV repMaHCKI1M pe 3epBHbIM
KopnycoM ceBepHee p. MapHbI 11 3ana)],Hee p. YpK. 3THM BCTpelJ-
HblM Cpa)KeHl1eM pa:3BOpalJHBaeTC5I rpalIJ1JI03HOC MapIlcKoe
Cpa)KeHl1e C yqaCTHeM llleCTM alIrJIO- paHUY3cKI1X 11 n5lTI1 rep-
MaHCKI1X apMHM. 3Ta 6HTBa CqI1TaeTC5I B I1CTOpHI1 BoeHHoro
l1CKYCCTBa rrepBbIM 60JIbllll1M BoeIlHbIM Cpa)KeHHeM, B KOTOpOM
aBHaU11 CbIrpaJIa aKTHBHYIO pOJIb.
· I1I1TCpCCIiO OTMCTHTb, "11'0 HMCIIiIO B 3TOT 311aMCllaTCJlbllblH JIClih COI03-
"biC JICp)KaBbl 3aKJII0"lHJIH lIaKT, 110 KOTOPOMY BCC "IJICllbl AIiTallTbl TOp)f(C-
CTBCIIiIO COrJlaCHJIHCb lie 3aKJIIOLfaTb CCliapaTlloro IICPCMHPH}( H IIC IIpCI<pa-
IIlaTh BOCllllblX JlCMCTBHH.
1914 lod
107
5 cIlHmR6pR - IV repMaHcKHH pe3epBHbIH Kopnyc 1-H ap-
MHH KnIOKa, eI.Qe He 3HaBwero 0 CMeHe nJlaHOB repMaHCKoro
rJIaBHOrO KOMaHl{OBaHHR, aTaKYeT nepel{OBbIe 1.JaCTH 6-i1: <ppaH-
UY3CKOH apMHH MOHYPH K 3anazty OT p. YpK.
B 10 1.JaCOB YTpa cppaHUY3cKCUI aBI-Iapa3Bel{Ka l{OCTaBJlReT B
lliTa6 HCKJlI01.JHTeJlbHO Ba)l(HbIe CBel{eHHR: Ha6J1IOl{aeTCR OTXOJ1
3Ha1.JHTeJlbHbIX CHJI npoTHBHHKa B paHoHax MOlIce- Jle- n po-
BeH - MOHMHpai1:. qTO STO JtOJl)l(HO 03HaQaTb? He pa3raJtaJI
JlH KnIOK JlOBYIlIKY?
B 11 QaCOB IIITa6 TeJlerpaQ>HpyeT B 6-10 apMHIO: . Ba:>KHO,
1.JT06bI 6pHTaHcKaSI apMHR H 6-R apMHR Ha'laJIH .AeHCTBoBaTb
BO <pJIaHr oTcT)'nalOI.QHx HeMel.{KHX KOJlOHH .
B nOJll{eHb KOMaHJtYIOI.QHH S-i1: <ppaHUY3cKOH apMHH reHe-
paJI Jt'3cnepe npHKa3bIBaeT nepel{OBOMY X Kopnycy OCTaHO-
BHTbCR H OKonaTbCR Ha rpe6He K ceBepy OT J10porH. BCKope
Hazt HX n03HUHRMH nORBJlReTCR repMaHCKHH a3pOnJIaH. nOCJIe
Toro KaK repMaHCKHH pa3BeJt1.JHK BbI6pOCHJI paKeTY B 13 QaCOB
Ha n03HUHH OKonaBIlIHXCR <ppaHUY30B 06pYIIIHBaeTc rpan
1S0-MM CHapRl{OB; B pe3YJIbTaTe 3Toro apT06cTpeJla BbIBeJteH
H3 CTpOR <ppaHUY3cKHH apTHJlJIepHHCKHM l{HBH3HOH, HaxoJtHB-
IlIHHCR 3a XOJlMOM.
BCJIeJt 3a 3THM pa3BOpa'lHBaeTCR MOI.QHaSI aTaKa repMaH-
CKOH neXOTbI. 3aBR3bIBaeTCR ynopHoe Cpa)l(eHHe neXOTHblX 1.Ja-
CTeH, BpeMeHaMH JtoxoJ{RI.Qee Jto PYKonalliHoH. K H01lH 60H CTH-
xaeT. B nepBblH l{eHb He Yl{aJlOCb l{06HTbCR 3aMCTHoro ycnexa
IIH TOH, HH JtPyroH CTopOHe Ha BceM 50-TH KM yqacTKe <PPOHTa..
HecMoTpR Ha aKTHBHOCTb <ppaHUY3CKHX aBHapa3Bel{1.JHKOn
u u
RCHOJtI JtHcn03HUHH repMaHCKHX BOHCK YCTaHOBHTb He YJtaJIOCb.
YTpOM, Me)l(l{y 7 H B 'laCaMH, JleT1.JHKH OTMe'laJIH 3Ha1.JHTeJIb-
Hoe nepel{BH)I(eHHe repMaHCKHX BOHCK B pai1:oHax KYPTaKOH,
<I>epTe-forne, MOHMHpaH, 3CTepHe, MOHCe-JIe-TIpoBeH. ABHa-
TOpbI C006ll1aJIH, ttTO BCR STa Macca BOHCK HanpaBJI.HJIaCb Ha
ceBepo-BocTOK. Ho He 6bIJIO JlH 3TO JlOBYlliKOH? TeM 60JIee, '-ITO
BOCTO'lHee, nepeJ{ X KopnYCOM H apMHeH reHepana <I>ollla, 6bIJIH
· B 3TOT JlClib 1101"116 Cpa)Ka8I11HHC.H B IICXOTC ct>paIlIlY3cKHH IHICaTCJlh llIapJlb
ITCfJ-1 (1873-1914). OJ! 1I0JUIJlJICJI C 3CMJII1 11 KpHLf3J1 OCTaoaRIIIHMC.u JIC)KaTh
COJIJt3TaM: .CTpCJUIHTC! CTpcJIJlHTC )KC, pa;U1 60ra!. TIYJIJlIIOllaJla CMY 0 Jlo6.
108
ABua UR BeJlUKOU BOU1lbl
3aMeqeHbI nepeJJ:BH:>KeHH KpynHbIx CMJI K lOry, B HanpaBJICHI1H
CeH- DOH. ,l{'3cnepe: HYJKHO HMeTb KpenKHe HepBbI, qT06bI
KOMaH):(oBaTb apMHei1, paCT HYTOH nO\lTM Ha 50 KM, Kor):(a 6011
npepBaH HacTynJIeHHeM HO\lI1. HanOJIeOH Ha3bIBan 3TO "I1MeTb
xpa6pocTb nOCJIe nOJIYHOqM" . HOqbIO a3pOIIJIaHbI HM\IeM He
MOrJIM nOMOllb. KaBaJIepH M3MOTaHa M TaKJKe He B COCTO HMM
qTO- JIM60 npO CHHTb B ):(Hcn03I1UMM npOTMBHMKa.
M06eJK: npopbIB neXOTbI B npOMeJKYTKe Me)K):(y cpopTaMI1,
B3 TbI cpOpTbI DepCMJIbM M CaneMaHb.
K Be\lepy aHrJIO-cppaHUY3CKMe BOHCKa pacnOJIaraJIMCb no
M3JIOMaHHOM 600-KM JII1HMM ITapl1)K - Bep):(eH - DeJIbcpop.
,l{oHeceHM repMaHCKHX aBHapa3Be):(\lI1KOB CBM):(CTeJIbCTBY-
lOT 0 TOM, qTO Bce ):(oporM Me:>K):(y MapHoH H CeHOH nOKpbITbI
HanpaBJI IOrn:MMMC Ha lOr BOHCKaMM. B 7 \laCOB Be\lepa B lllTa6e
II ap leHcKoro Kopnyca, HaXO)],MBllIeroc BOCTOqHee IV pe3epB-
Horo M ):(BHraBllIeroc B DOJIbllIOH MopeH, 6bIJIO nOJIyqeHO ):(0-
HeceHMe B03):(YIliHOH pa3Be,n:KM, \lTO IV pe3epBHbIH Kopnyc B
5 qac. 45 MMH. nOnOJIy,n:HM ceBepO-BOCTOllHee Mo Be,n:eT 60H C
npOTMBHMKOM, nO BMBllIHMC H3 fIapHJKa. 3TO co06rucHMe 6bIJIO
HeMe,n:JIeHHO nepe)],aHO no TeJIecpoHY B llITa6 apMHH, r,n:e eMY He
rrpl1,n:an:M cepbe3Horo 3Ha\leHM . OKOJIO IIOJIYHOtlM KOMaH,n:Mp II
Kopnyca BHOBb ,n:OHec 0 TOM, \ITO IV pe3epBHblH KOprryC HaTKHYJI-
C Ha npeBocxo,n: Il{He CHJIbI M OTXO,n:MT 3a pyqei1 TepyaH. TOJIb-
KO nOCJIe Toro (T. e. Kor,n:a npHKa3 Ha 6-e nOllIeJI y)Ke BOHcKaM)
KOMaH)],OBaHMe 1-H apMHM HaqMHaeT OC03HaBaTb cepbe3HocTb
yrp03bI co CTOpOHbI ITapl1:>Ka. Ho B KaKoH cTeneHH? q TO rrpe,n:-
rrpMMeT OHO Tenepb? Bo BC KOM CJIyqae, Toro nanOJIeOHOBCKO-
ro npMKa3a, 0 KOTOpOM co06rn:aeT pei1xcapxHB, KnIOKOM OT)],aHO
He 6bIJIO. 3TO cOBepllIeHHo HeocnopHMbIH cpaKT. B rrOJIHO\lb no-
CbIJIaeTC paCIIOp JKeHHe O,n:HOMY TOJIbKO II Koprrycy: «...II KOp-
rryc, no 1I0JIyqeHHM 3Toro npMKa3a, 'Ka'K MOJIC1l0 6blcmpee BbICTY-
naeT B HanpaBJIeHMH K MOCTaM qepe3 MapHY y JIH311 - )KepMH-
Hbl1 Ha no,n:,n:epJKKY IV pe3epBHoMY Kopnycy, KaBaJIepl151 H
apTMJIJIepM nnepe,n:; TOTllaC YCTaHOBI1Tb CB 3b C IV pe3epBHbIM
KopnycoM; 3aH5ITb MOCT y )KepMHHbM. BbICJIaTb Brrepe,n: T JKe-
JIYIO apTMJIJIepI1IO. Ha D. MopeHe OCTaBHTb CJIa6bIe apbeprap-
,n:bl . YJKe nOCJIe OTCbIJIKH npl1Ka3a BJI5IeTC B lllTa6 apMHI1 3a-
1914 lOa
109
t{epiKaI3IIIl1HC B rrYTl1 OcpHltep M3 IV pe3epBHoro Koprryca C rrot{-
P06HbIM ,n;OHeceHMeM 0 60e 5 ceHT 6p .
3- <ppaHltY3CKaH 3CKa,n;pHJIb rrpl1 rrot{JIeTe na HOBoe MeC-
TO paCnOJIO)KeHI1 rrOHeCJIa CBOIO rrepBYIO rrOTepIO; pa3611JIc
Jle ITeHaHT TpeTapp, rrOTep B rrpH rrOCa.lI-Ke CKOpOCTb Ha Bl1pa-
iKe 11 yrraB C BbICOTbI 400 M.
fepMaHcKa rrOt{Bot{Ha JIOt{Ka «U - 21 BnepBble B OTKpbI-
TOM Mope rrOTOIIMJIa aHrJIHHCKl1M JIerKl1H KpeHcep «IIaT<palfI-l-
t{ep .
Bocm01i1tOe8pOneUCKUU meamp
8- HeMeltKM apMl1H, YCMJIeHHM rBapt{eHcKMMI1 Koprryca-
MH 11 KaBaJIeplieH, HaqaJIa C6JIM)KeHl1e C 1-H apMHeH PeHHeH-
KaMrr<pa. 4- Ii 9- pYCCKlie apMHI1 rrpet{rrpl1HHMaIOT <pPOHTaJIb-
HYIO aTaKY OKonaBllIMXC Ha 4S-KM JIl1HHH cppOHTa aBCTpI1H:QeB.
6 ceumR6pR - «06lI{MH rrpI1Ka3.
B MOMeHT, Kort{a 3aBH3bIBaeTC Cpa)KeHHC, OT KOToporo
3aBI1Cl1T CrraCeHl1e CTpaHbI, Hco6xot{I1MO HarrOMHHTb BceM, lJ:TO
HeJIb3H 60JIbIlle OrJIHt{bIBaTbC Ha3a,a; Bce YCHJIM J(OJI:>KHbI 6bITb
HarrpaBJIeHbI Ha TO, qTo6bI OCTaHOBl1Tb 11 OT6poCliTb Herrpl1 -
TeJI ; qaCTb, KOTOpaH He MOiKeT 60JIbllIe J(Bl1raTbC Brrepet{, t{OJI-
)KHa 6yt{eT, lJ:ero 6bI 3TO Hli CTOI1JIO, coxpaHIiTb 3aXBalJ:eHHOe
rrpOCTpanCTBO M CKopee t{aTb y611Tb ce6 Ha MeCTe, qeM OTCTY-
rrl1Tb. fI pM HaCTOHll{HX 06CTO TeJIbCTBaX He MO:>KeT 6bITb Tep-
rrHMa HMKaKM CJIa60CTb.
)Kocp<pp .
B 8 qac. 30 MMH. HOBoe TeJIerpa<pHoe C006lI{eHl1e reHepa.na
lOre B3BOJIHOBaJIO BeCb llITa6 S-H <ppaHUY3cKOH apMI1l1. ITo
,n;OHeceHMIO aHrJIl1HCKMX JIeTlJ:I1KOB repMaHCKl1e lJ:aCTl1, rrpoTH-
BOCTOHll{Me aBaHrapt{y <ppaHl!Y30B, oTcTyrraIOT Ha ceBep. Ha
pa3JIO:>KeHHbIe KapTbI JIl1xOpat{OlJ:HO HaHeceHbI CI1HMe CTpeJIbI.
HeCKOJIbKO MMHYT crrYCT OT <ppaHltY3cKMX JIeTlJ:MKOB (JIeH-
TeHaHT )KepMeH) rrOJIyqeHbI t{OHeCeHI1 0 TOM, \.ITO naql1HM C
7 'qaCOB YTpa «MHOrOql1CJIeHHbIe KpyrrHble KOJIOHHbI rrpoTHB-
HI1Ka Bcex pO,n;OB 0PY)KI1 oTcTyrraIOT Ha ceBep. ITepe,n;BH:>Ke-
Hue 113 <I>epTe- fOllie H 3CTepHe K MOHMl1paH, t{opora M3 <I>ep-
Te- fOllie B 3CTepHe CI1JIbHO 3arpYiKeHa; 60JIblllHe KOJIOHHbI Ha-
110
A8ual.4UR BeJlUICou 80UHbl
npaBJUllOTCR B 7 qac. 50 MHH. H3 KYPTaKoH B cI>epTe-rOwe.. B
9 qaCOB <l>paHQY3cKHe JIeTqHKH I Kopnyca coo6w;aIOT, qTO rep-
MaHCKHe BOHCKa, nOXO:>Ke, OCTaBHJIH paHoH 3CTepHe.
3TH CBeJI.eHHR 6bIJlH cpaay )Ke nepeJI.aHbI B IDTa6bI apMHH H
BceM TpeM KaBa.n:epHHCKHM JJ;HBH3HHM, TaK :>Ke KaK H co06me-
HHe 0 TOM, t{TO aHrJIHHCIGUI KaBaJIepHR HaXOJJ;HTCH B ,l{aHbH, a
60JlbIDHe CHJlbl repMaHCKOH KaBaJIepHH - Y lliYa3H.
B 10 qac. yTpa B IDTa6 BblJJ;BHHYBIDeHaI Ha OCTpHe aTaKH 5-H
cppauQY3CKOH apMHH cppaHQY3cKHe aBHaTopbI JJ;OCTaBJIHIOT BIDK-
Hble CBeJJ;eHIDI: Ha6J1IOJJ;aerCH OTXOJJ; 3HatJHTCJIbHbIX CHJI npoTHB-
HHKa B patiOHax MOHco-JIe- IIpoBeH- MOHMHpati. Bo cppaHltY3-
CKOM lIITa6e cpoqHOe COBelJ.{aHHe; nOqeMY HeMQbl OTXOMT? KnIOK
l{Ora,na.n:CH, 'ITO nonM B 3ana,n:HIO, HJIH caM rOTOBIIT JlOBYlllKY?
B 11 qaCOB yrpa IDTa6 5-H cppaHU:Y3cKOH apMHH CBH3bIBa-
eTCH CO IDTa60M 6-H H YTOqHHeT JJ;eTa.n:H B3aHMOJJ;eHCTBHH.
Ba)KHO, qT06bl 6pHTaHCKaH H 6-R apMHH ycneJlH YJJ;apHTb BO
cpJlaHr oTcTynalOIUHM HeMeQKHM KOJlOHHaM..
Ha OCHOBaHHH 3THX JJ;aHHbIX B 11 qac. 40 MHH. BO Bce KOp-
nyca no TeJlerpacpy pa30CJlaH npHKa3: 4IIpoTHBHHK Ha BceM
cppoHTe oTcTynaeT. 5-H apMHH JJ;OJI)KHa npHJlO)KHTb Bce cTapa-
HHR, qT06bl JI.oCTHrHYTb cerOJJ;HR BeqepOM Ma.n:oro MopeHa
(peKa, npOTeKaIOIUaH qepe3 MOHMHpaH)*. Kopnyca coxpaHH-
lOT paHee YKa3aHHble HanpaBJIeHHH JJ;BH)KeHHH..
HaqHHaeTCH 06IUee HacTynJIeHHe COI03HHKOB OT fIapH:>Ka
JJ;O BepJJ;eHa. Ha p. YpK BeCb JJ;eHb npOHCXOJJ;HT O)KeCTOqeHHbIH
60H 6-H cppaHQY3CKOH apMHH C IV pe3epBHbIM KopnycoM H co
II, nOJJ;OIDeJJ;IDHM K HeMY Ha nOMOIUb C YTpa. 6-R apMHR He MO-
:>KeT npOJJ;BHH)'TbCH Bnepe,n, 5-H cppaHQY3CKaH apMHH TaKjf(e
3aJ{ep)KaHa III H IX repMaHcKHMH KopnycaMH (1-H apMHH) H
npaBocpJIaHrOBblMH qaCTHMH 2-H repMaHcKoH apMHI1.
B 9 qaCOB yrpa lllTa6 1-" repMaHcKoH apMHH nepexoJJ;HT B
III apJl H. KnIOK JIHqHO HBJlHeTCH Ha BbICOTbl BOCTOQHee JIH3H.
0630p nOJlOjf{eHHH ycnoKaHBalOIUe JJ;eHcTByeT Ha Hero: 60H He
CJlbllllHO. OH CtJHTaeT npHHHTble Mepbl JJ;OCTaTOqHbIMH.
· <Dpa:ia 0 cK06Kax DCTaOJIClia 0 npHK3..1I1C CJlytfaMIIO; lIa30allHC MOIIMHpaH
JlOJDKIlO 61»1110 lIaliOMIIHTb <ppalll1Y3aM 06 OJtllOM 1-13 CJlaUllblX lIo6cJl HaIlOJIC-
alia II3Jlll pYCcaK3MH.
1914 lOa
111
3,n;eCb-TO M Ha'IMHaeTC pOKOBOe Te'IeHI1C C06bITI1H Ha p. YpK.
Y,n:ap apMI1M MOHYPI1, CeBepHee MapHbI, OKa3bIBaeTC5I pOKOBbIM
,l(JHI KnIOKa BOBce He B CMJIY peaJIblIOM onaCHOCTli, KaKYIO on
npe,n;CTaBJI5IJI, a CKopee B CHJIY CBoeM 811B3anuocmu M TOHueU3-
8eCmllocmu, KOTOpOM OH 6bIJI OKYTaH BHa'IaJIe. npaBJ(a, KnIOK
,n;oraJ(bIBaJIC5I, 'ITO yrp03a O'IeHb cepbe3Ha, M60 tla)Ke He60JIbIllHe
qaCTM, npopBaBIllHeC5I B TbIJI, rp0351T paarpOMOM 06030B 11 co06-
Il{eHHH apMMH. Ho pa3MepbI aTOM yrp03bI OCTaBaJIHCb ,n;JI5I Hero
He5lCHbIMH. KnIOK paCC'IHTbIBaJI cnpaBHTbC5I C HeM CHJlaMM tlBYx
KopnycoB. fIoaToMY OCTaJIbHbIM OIl OCTaBMJI MX npe)KHHe 3aJ(a-
'IM. CYU!eCTByeT Y,l(a'IHOe cpaBHeHHe apMMH MonYPM C rrH5IB-
KOH, KOTOpM rrpMcocanacb K apMHM KnIoKa.
113 J(OHeCeHI151, C6pOIllCHHoro Ha BbIMneJIe C aapOrrJIaHa B
9 tIac. 20 MHH. YTpa Y llITa6a II apMeHcKoro Koprryca 3-tI rep-
MaHcKoH apMMM: npOTMBHMK CHJIOIO He MeHee OJ(Horo apMeM-
CKoro Koprryca HacTynaeT no JIHHHM Mo - CeH- fIaTIOC npa-
BbIM Q:>JIaHfOM K I-IeQ:>MoHTbep, JICBbIM - K CeII- IIaTIOC, 11 llac-
TMtIHO rr05lBHJIC5I Y)Ke Y 5pe)Kl1. TIpOJ(BMJKeHMe Brrepetl
OTJ(eJIbHbIX pOT H 6aTapeH B BOCTO'IHOM Ii ceBepO-BOCTOt.{HOM
HarrpaBJleHI151X; fJIaBHbIe CHJIbI Y CeH-CyrrJIe . OJ(HOBpeMeH-
HO c aTMM JIer4MKOM IX apMeMcKoro Kopnyca 3-H repMaHcKoM
apMHH 6bIJIO YCTaHOBJIeHO npO,l!BI1)KeHl1e Q:>paIIUY30B CI1JIOIO OT
O.l{HOrO J(O rrOJIYTopa apMeHcKHx KoprrycoB Me)I([(Y 3cTepne 11
CeHoM, a BCKope nOCJIe aToro 6bIJIO YCTaHOBJIeHO rrpH6JIM)Ke-
HMe aHrJIMtIan no JIMH11M )KYH-]Je-lllaTeJIb- P03ya.
OT II KaBaJIepMI1CKOrO Koprryca 11 OT aBMal.{MOHHOM pa3Bell-
KM rrocTynaIoT CBeJ(eHM5I 0 np0J(BH)KeHMH anrJIHllaH. B 10 qa-
COB YTpa MX rrepellOBbIe qaCTM 06HapYiKeHbI Y KYJIOMbe. OTMe-
qaeTCH TalOKe BbIrpY3Ka HOBbIX BOMCK rrpOTMBHI1Ka B HaHTeHJIb-
JIe- fOJ!yaH. <DpaHQY3bI, BH,l1MMO, CTpeMHTC5I K oXBaTY ceBepnoro
repMaHcKoro KpbIJIa. B 12 'IaCOB rrpM6bIBaeT OQ:>MUCP CB5I311 Ka-
llHTaH lllIOTQ M3 pacrrOJIO)KeHM5I 3-11 rreXoTHoti J(MBM3HM M co-
06ruaeT, QTO OHa He CMOJKeT rrpOJ(epiKaTbC5I 6e3 rrOJU{epJKKM
M3-3a CHJIbHeHI.lIerO apTorHH CO CTOpOHbI Mo. 3TO co06rueHMe
3aCTaBJI5IeT KOMalIJ(OBaUHe 1-H apMM11 rrOTep5lTb BC5IKOe paB-
HOBeCHC. B 12 qac. 15 MMH. II KaBanepMMcKoMY Kopnycy OTJ(a-
eTC.H rrpHKa3 HCMCllJIeHIIO nanpaB11Tb apTMJIJIeplIIO B TpMJIbrrOp
112
A6Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 60U1lbl
J(JHI nOJ(J(ep)KKH JIeBOrO cpJIaHra cppOHTa Ha p. YpK. KOMaHJ(O-
BaHMe 1-M apMHI1 6pocaeT Ha cppOHT H qaCTH, OXpaH5IIOIl(He
IllTa6 apMHH. BCKOpe nOCJIe nOJIYJ(H5I H3 2-H apMHM C006Il(aIOT,
lITO III H IX Kopnyca OTnpaBJIeHbI, caMa apMM5I BetI:eT T5I)f(e-
JIbIM 60H Me)f(J(y MOHMMpaeM H <Dep-lliaMneHya30M. B 13 'lac.
15 MMH. HanpaBJI5IeTC5I rrpHKa3 060HM KopnycaM YCKOPMTb MX
J(BH)KeHHe HaCKOJIbKO TOJIbKO B03MO:>KHO . III Koprryc J(OJI-
)KeH HanpaBHTb rrexoTHYIO 6pHraJ(Y C T5I)KeJIOH apTI1JIJIepHeM
Ha TpMJIbnop. reHepaJI MapBI1U nOJIytIaeT npHKa3 npI1KpbIBaTb
HH)KHee TetIeHMe DOJIbIllOrO MopeHa.
Ho BCKope IiI 3Ta MJIJII03H5I pa3pYIlleHa. B 4 qaca J(H5I aHr-
JIHMCKa5I neXOTa OTMetIeHa B J(BH)KeHMM Ha KYJIOMbe; B 5 lIaCOB
aBHaQHOHHa5I pa3BeJ(Ka Ha6JIIOJ(aeT 60JIbIllOH 6MByaK neXOTbI
Ha ceBepo-BOCTOtIHOH OKpaMHe JIeca KpecM, y <DapMYTbe, JI5I-
CeJIb H Mopcepcp. 3TO II HIlI aHrJIMHCKHe Kopnyca.t{BH)Ke-
HHe 3THX CMJI BO cpJIaHr cppOHTY Ha p. YpK rp03HJIO B30pBaTb
ero. A Me)KJ(y TeM npOJ(OJI:>KaJIH nocTynaTb CBeJ(eHM5I 0 pacno-
JIO)KeHHH KpynHbIx CHJI npOTMBHHKa TaK)Ke M B paHoHe HaH-
TeHJIb-JIe- rOJ(Y3H.
B npOMe)KYTKe MeJKJ(Y 5-H H 6-H cppaHQY3cKHMM apMH5IMI1
aHrJIMtIane HaqHHaIOT Me,[(JIeHHO ,[(BHraTbC Ha BOCTOK. JIeBoe
KpbIJIO 2-H repMaHcKoH apMHH HaTaJIKMBaeTC Ha corrpOTHB-
JIeHHe apMHH <DoIlla (9-51); 4-51 H 5-51 repMaHCKl1e apMHM 3a-
J(ep)KaHbI 4-H H 3-H cppaHQY3cKHMH apMMHMM Ha MapHo-PeHH-
CKOM KaHarre H IO:>KHee BepJ(eHa.
fIoJIoJKeHHe CTaHOBHTC5I HCKJIIOtIHTeJIbHO cepbe3HbIM. HaJ(o
J(eHcTBoBaTb 6bICTpO M peIllHTeJIbHO. B 9 qac. 15 MHH. BetIepa
KnIOK OTJ(aeT npMKa3 Ha 8 ceHTH6p51 - II, IV H IV pe3epBHbIH
Kopnyca nOJ( KOMaH,[(OBaHHeM reHepaJIa JIMH3HHreHa J(OJI)KHbl
OKonambCR u ydepJICUBambCSl 1/,0, Mecme. JIeBoe KpbIJIO OT Bape-
J(a J(OJI:>KHO 6blTb OTBeJ(eHO Ha 60JIee y,[(o6HbIe n03MQHI1.
B nOJI,lteHb aBaHrap,l1 10-H <ppaHQY3cKOH J!MBM3HH BXOJ(HT B
KYPTaKoH. l{epeBH5I ropHT. B HeH nepe,l1 3THM CT05lJIa repMaH-
CIGUI rBapJ(eHcKIDI KaBaJIepHHCKM ,[(HBM3ID1. KaBaJIepHCTbI 06JIH-
BaJIH ,[(OMa 6eH3HHoM M 3aCTaBJISlJIH JKMTeJIeH CaMHX nO,[(JKHraTb
CBOH ,[(OMa; HeCKOJIbKO tIeJIOBeK npH 3TOM 6bIJIO paCCTpeJI5IHo.
<DpaHI Y3cKHe BOHcKa ,[(BHraJIMCb BnepeJ! cTpeMHTeJlbHO,
1914 lOa
113
BGTpelJaH MHO:>KeCTBO TpyrroB CBOHX TOBapI1ll.{ei1 M Q:>CJIb.n:rpay* .
BCKOpe BOIliJIH B 3CTepHe. 3aMOK He nOCTpaJ(aJI, nOBCIOJI.Y 6bIJII1
paa6pocaHbI TbICHlll1 rrYCTbIX 6YTbIJIOK H3-rrOJ( IllaMrraHCKoro,
B rrOJ(BaJIe 06HapY:>KI1JII1 OKOJIO 200 t.IeJIOneK MepTBel!KM nbH-
HbIX rrJIeHHbIX. fepMaHCKl1e nOHcKa HaCTl1rHYTbI TOJIbKO K ne-
qepy y MaJIoro MopeHa 11 MOHMl1paH.
B HOtIb KniOK OTXOJ(HT o6paTHo 3a Mapuy. 2- H 3-51 rep-
MaHCKl1e apMHI1 pa3BHnaIOT HacTyrrJleHHe na lOr tIepe3 60JIOTa
CeH-foHJ(. Ilp0J(BH)f(eHHe repMaHCKI1X apMHH K BepJ{eHY oc-
TaHOBJIeHO.
BocmOll1l0eapOneUCKUU meamp
3aB5I3bIBaeTc5I BCTpetIHOe rOpOJ{oKcKoe CpaJKeHHe 3anaJ{-
Hee JIbBoBa. IIp0J(oJI)KaeTc5I aTaKa PYCCKHX BOMCK Ha aBcTpHi1:-
CKHe YKperrJIeHI151 Ha IOro-3arraJ(HoM cppoHTe.
7 ceHmR6pR - B 4 tIac. 30 MI1H. YTpa repMaHCKHe BOHCKa
rrpe,llrrpHHHMaIOT aTaKY Ha X Kopnyc 5- i q)paHI1Y3CKOM apMHH;
cppaHl1Y3bI oT6HBaloT aTaKY rrpH rrOMOll.{H apTI1JIJIepHM 19- I
J(HBH3HH, H HacTynaeT cnOKOHCTBHe. CaMOJIeT, rrpHJ{aHHbIH Ha
3TOT J(eHb cppaHl.{Y3cKOMY Koprrycy, np0I13BOJ(HT pa3BeJ(KY H
J(OHOCHT, tITO repMaHCKJile KOJIOHHbI oTcTyrraloT K ceBepy OT
MOHMI1paH, a rrepeJJ; 42-H cppaHl1Y3CKOH J(HBH3I1eH Hao6opoT
paaBOpatIHBaeTC5I OtIeHb cepbe3Hoe HacTyrrJIeHHe. B TO BpeM5I
KaK nOHCKa IVnoKa OTCTYIIHJIlf, BOHCKa DlOJIOna rrpc,n:npl1l151JIH
3aXOJKJ(eHHe I1JIetIOM nnepe,ll C l.{eJIbIO BbIXOJ(a Ha JlHHHIO MOH-
Ml1paH - I-Io)KaH-CIOp-CeH.
CDpaHl1Y3CKHe JIeTtIHKH MeIKJ(Y 7 II 8 tIaCaMH YTpa npHHO-
C5IT C006Il{eHH5I 0 3aMeQeUnOM rrepeJ(BI1)KeHHH B cenepO-BOC-
TOqHOM HarrpaBJIeHHH 3HatIHTCJIbHbIX CHJI repMaHCKHX BOHCK
B paMoHe I<ypTaKoH, CDepTe-forne, MOHMl1pa i, 3cnepne, MOII-
cO-JIe-IlpoBeH. AHa cppOHTC rrepe].lOBOrO X Koprryca 5-tI cppau-
UY3CKOH apMHH 3aMetIeIiO nepeMeIl{eIlI1C repMaHueB K lory.
BHOBb JIHXOpan;OtIHOe COneIJlaHHe B IlITa6e; liTO 3TO? JIOBYIlIKa?
YTpOM reHepaJI )Ko<pcpp nOJlyqaeT Bce 60JIee ytIall.{aIOIIU1e-
· 0,. IICM. Fcld - IIOJIC H grau - CCpbli1. TaK lIa iblDaJlI1 rcpMallcKux COJIJtaT
3a liX CCpY'O (IX)PMY, pC:JKO OTJI HyaOllly,oc}I OT CH II HX MY"Jtll pOB (t)pallltY icl(oii
apMMIi.
114
ABuau,UR BellUKOU BOU1lbl
C5I C00611(eHM5I 06 oTcTynJIeHMM 1-i1, repMaHCKOI1 apMMM B ce-
BepHOM HarrpaBJIeHMM. Me:>Kl-{y 10M 11 1.J:aCaMM no lJ;OHeCeHM M
6pMTaHcKol1 aBMaUMM BC5I repMaHCKaH apMM5I nepe.n. cppOHTOM
5-11 apMHM OTCTYI:IaeT C 60eM K ceBepy . B CBOIO 01.J:epe.n.b M3
5-ti cppaHUY3cKOH apMMM C00611.(aIOT, 1.J:TO OHa Ha1.J:MHaeT rrpe-
CJIe.n.OBaHMe 1-H repMaHCKOH apMMM, KOTOpaH oTcTynaeT K ce-
Bepy Ha BceM cppOHTe 3CTepHe - KYPTaKOH .
B 7 1.J:ac. 30 MMH. <ppaHUY3CKaH apTMJIJIepMH npMcTyrrMJIa K
apTI1JIJIepHHCKOI1 no.n.rOTOBKe HacTynJIeHM5I. ApTno.n.roToBKa
npo.n.oJI)KaJIaCb BnJIOTb .n.o 13 1.JaCOB, B pe3YJIbTaTe 3-11: 6aTaJIb-
OH 74-ro repMaHcKoro rreXOTHoro nOJIKa 6bIJI YHI11.J:TO)KeH npaK-
TM1.JeCKM nOJIHOCTblO. (OKOJIO 10 1.J:aCOB Ha.n. MX OKonaMM 6bIJI
no.n.H5IT 6CJIbIH cpJIar, HO HeMUbI Heo.n.HOKpaTHO npM6eraJIM K
no.n.06lIbIM npl1el\faM C ueJIblO 06MaHa, n03TOMY cppanUY3bI He
nOnepI1JIH MM M He rrpeKpaTMJIM OrH5I). j:{neM cppaHUY3CKa51
neXOTa nOIlIJIa Bnepe.n. M 06HapY)KMJIa Ha JIMHMM repMaHCKHx
YKpenJIeHI1M H3 500 1.J:eJIOBeK TOJIbKO 60 )KI1BbIX C paHeHM5IMM
pa3JII11.JnO:H CTeneHM T5I:>KeCTM.
IlpH l1aJIl>HeMlIleM nacTynJIeHMM cppaHUY30B BCTpe1.JC1eT
CHJIbHbI-H apTI1JIJIepMHCKMM orOHb C rrpaBoro cj:>JIaIlra. <DpaH-
UY3bI rrpl10CTanaBJI11BaIOT .n.BM:>KeIIl1e M rrOCbIJIaIOT B TOM Ha-
npaBJIeIII1H CaMOJIeT-KOppeKTMpOBll.(MK.
B 15 1.J:aCOB COneI..U:aHl1e BO cppaHUY3cKOM IlITa6e; reHepaJIbI
rIbITalOTCH nOII5ITb TaKTMKY repMaHueB - K 3ana.n.y OT MOHMM-
pM oTcTynJIeHMe, K BOCTOKY - CI1JlbHa51 aTaKa.
K cppOHTY Ha p. YpK nO,l1Xo.n.MT IV repMaHCKMH: Kopnyc, no
nOJIO)KCHHC 3.l{eCb OCTaeTC5I 6ea nepeMeH. Kn:JOK OTBO.n.MT III H IX
Kopnyca cnat.IaJIa IO)KHee MapHbI, a 3aTeM rrpMKa.1bIBaeT MM Ml-{TH
K p. YpK. B COOTBeTCTBMH C 3T11M 2-H repMaHCKM apMM5I3arI16aeT
CBOM npaBbIM cpJIaHr K MOHMMpaJO. JIeBoe KpbIJIO 5-n cppaHUY3-
CKO I apl\tIHH MeJIJIenHO npo.n.BMraeTC.H BCJIe.n. oTcryI1aIOlijeM)' npo-
TI1BIII1KY B!\1eCTe C aHrJIM1.JaHaMM, BbIXOM Ha DOJIbIlIOM: Mopen.
CDOlll npo.n.OJIlKaCT y.n.ep)KI1BaTb HacrynJIenl1e JIeBOrO KpbIJIa 2-11
repMalIcKoM apMMM, 3-51 repMaHCKaR apMI1.H pacnpe.n.eJI5ICT CBOM
CI1JlbI, npl1MbIKCUI KO 2-H 11 4-tI apMM5IM. BOCT01.Jnee, .n.o Bep.n.ena,
o6e CTOpOHbi He MOryr npo.n.BI1H)'TbC5I Brrepet(.
B 15 1.J:ac. 45 MJrIII. renepaJI )l(ocpcpp OT.n.aeT HonbI I npMKa3
1914 lOa
115
oceM apMHRM: .1-R repMaHCKIDI apMH , KaK Ka)KeTCR, oTcTyna-
eT K cenepo-BOCTOKY nepe,lt JIHltOM KOM6HHHponaHHbIX YCHJlI1H
COI03HbIX apMH" JleBOrn KpblJla. 3TH nOCJIC,ltHMe ,ltOJI)KllbI CJIe-
J(ooaTb 3a npOTHBHHKOM BceMH CBOHMH CHJlaMH TaKMM 06pa-
30M, 1.JT06bI Bce BpeMR coxpaHRTb B03MO)KHOCTb OXBaTa npaBO-
ro repMaHCKoro KpbIJIa..
C yrpa B Te1.JeHHe ,ltHR B paHOH 60en Ha p. YpK CTRrHBaeTCR
OCR 1-R apMHR KJIIOKa. KJIIOK Ha1.JHHaeT nepe6pocKY III 11 IX
Kopnycoo Ha npaBblH 6eper MapHbl.
fIpolicxoJ(HT nepBCUI B HCTOpHH nOHH MaccooaR nepeo03Ka
BonCK aBTOTpaHcnopTOM - 14-R cppaHUY3CKCUI neXOTIlCUI 6pH-
razta cocpet(OT01.JeHa Ha p. YpK. AHrJlHt'ICKCUI apMHR nepeXOJU1T
BOJlbIIIOn MopeH. 5-R CPpaHUY3CKCUI apMI1R BbIJ(oHraeTcR Ha
n03HltHH Me)KJ(Y BOJlbUIHM H MaJIblM MopeHOM. IlpoJ(oJlJKa-
IOTCR 60H Ha ObIXOJ(ax H3 CeH-foH,ltCKHX 60JIOT, B HanpaOJIe-
HHH Ha BliTpH-Jle-<[)paHcya H BepJ(eH.
Mo6e:JIC: 3aXBa1.JeHbI cpOpTbI CapT, JIeBo, CepcpOHTeHH. Be-
1.JepOM KpenOCTb CJ(aHa reHepaJIOM Cl>YPHbe, repManCKHe BOH-
CKa 3aXBaTblBalOT ropoJ( H )KeJle3HOJ(op0)l(HbIH nOK3aJI.
5QJ1,KaUCKUU meamp
Ha1.JaJIaCb BTopaR onepaUHR aBCTpo-oeHrepCKHX DOMCK Ha
BaJIKaHaX; aBCTpHHCKlie BOHCKa BCTpeTHJlH CTOHKoe conpOTHB-
JleHHe cep60B.
8 ceHmJl6pll - B 4 1.Jaca YTpa MOJlbTKe nOJlY1.JaeT TeJIerpaM-
MY OT BIOJlOBa 0 TOM, 1.JTO ero apMHM 01.JeHb YCTaJIa. B 8 1.Jac.
45 MHII. paztHOTeJlerpaMMa OT KOMaH.l(Hpa I KaBaJIepHHCKoro
Kopnyca PHxTrocpeHa 0 TOM, 'lJTO ero cppOHT npopBan It( J(I1BH-
3liR OTXOJ(HT K p.l{oJlyap.I1TaK, 6peIlib OTKpblTa - 30 KM CPPOH-
Ta Me)KJ(y cI>epTe-cy-)f(yap Ii MOHMHpan HHKeM He oxpaHRIOT-
CR Ii J(a)l(e He npHKpblBalOTCR 3aBeCOH. 3TO KaTaCTpo<pa.
YTpOM B 10 1.JaCOB cppaHltY3cKHH UITa6 nOJlyttHJI H30eCTHe,
1.JTO aHrJlMqaHe J(OUIJIH J(O MaJIoro MopeHa H co6HpalOTcR ne-
penpaBJlRTbCR qepe3 Hero. JIeT1.JHKH .llOHOCHJlH, 1.JTO O.l(Ha KPYll-
HCUI KOJlOHHa repMaHQeB HanpaOJlReTCR OT MOHMHpaH K IllaTo-
TbeppH, aJ(pyrCUl, MeHee KpynHIDI KOJlOHHa - Ha lllepH. <DpaH-
ltY3bl HeMeJUleHHO aTaKYIOT aTH KOJIOHHbl.
116
A8Uau,UJl BeJlUKOU eOUllbl
O)KeCT01.J:eHHbIH 60H Ha p. YpK npo,ltOJI)KaeTCH; III repMaH-
CKI1H Kopnyc nO,ltXO,ltI1T CIO,lta BO BTOpOH nOJIOBI1He ,AHH; I X
Kopnyc BeCb ,lteHb B nYTI1. 6-H <ppaHQY3CKaH apMI1H nO-npe)KHe-
MY He MOlKeT npO,ltBI1HYTbCH K p. YpK. 3aTO aHr JIH1.J:aHe H JIe-
Bo<pJIaHrOBble Kopnyca 5-M <ppaHQY3CKOH: apMHH ,nBI1IKYTCH B
6peIllb MeIK,lty 1-M: 11 2-H: repMaHCKHMM apMI1HMI1, ,ltOCTHrHYB B
3TOT ,lteHb Manoro MopeHa. TIO,lt yrp030H OXBaTa, 2-H repMaH-
CKaH apMI1H 3arH6aeT CBoe npaBoe KpbIJIO 3a p. Bep,ltOHeJIb, ell(e
60JIee paCIllHpHH 6peIllb. 3aTO JIeBOe ee KpbIJIO C 1.J:aCTblO 3- H:
apMHH npeO,ltOJIeBaeT conpOTHBJIeHl1e apMl111 <I> o III a H npO,ltBH-
raeTCH Bnepe,lt. B BOCT01.J:HbIX paHoHax nOJIO)KeHHe B OCHOBHOM
OCTaeTCH rrpeIKHI1M.
Kopnyca l-H: repMaHcKoM apMHI1 KJIIOKa Be,ltYT 060POHH-
TeJIbHble 60H. KJIIOK npe,ltJIaraeT C nO,ltXO,ltOM nO,ltKpenJleHI1H
YTPOM cJIe,ltYIOll(ero ,ltHH Ha1.J:aTb HacTynJIeHl1e. 1-H repMaHCKaH
apMHH c06paHa Ha p. YpK. 6-H <ppaHQY3cKCUI apMI1H OKOH'-la-
TeJIbHO nepeIllJIa K 060poHe Ha 3TOM Y'-laCTKe. AHrJII1MCKl1e BOH:-
CKa nepeIllJII1 MaJIbIM MopeH, HaHeCJII1 nOpaJKeHl1e 5-M: repMaH-
CKOM KaBaJIepHHCKoH ,ltHB1131111 11 nO,ltOlliJIH K JIa-<DepTe-,cy-
)Kyap. 5-H <ppaHQY3cKaH apMHH nepeXO,ltHT MaJIbIH MopeH,
npaBbIH <pJIaHr 9-H apMHH pa36HT H oT6poIlleH K lOry; cI>ep-
llIaMneHya3 H MaI111 3aHHTbI repMaHl.{aMH, MeIKJJ:Y 9-M: H 4-H
cppaHQY3cKHMH apMHHMI1 B03HHKaeT pa3pbIB.
ABHaQI10HHCUI pa3Be,ltKa c006ll(aeT 0 ,ltBH)KeHHI1 Tpex ,ltJII1H-
HbIX KOJIOHH npOTHBHI1Ka, ,ltBe 113 KOTOpblX HanpaBJIHIOTCH K
HHIKHeMY MopeHY, a O,ltHa K MapHe, HI1JKe JIa-<I>epTe-cy- )Kyap.
TaK KaK KaBaJIepHH HBHbIM 06pa30M He MOrJIa c,nep)KaTb npo-
J{BH)KeHl1e TaKHX CHJI, KnIOK BbIHY)K,lteH, HaKOHeQ, OTKa3aTbCH
OT H,lteH 3all(HTbI O,ltHOM JIHIllb KaBaJIepHeH: npOMe)KYTKa MeJK-
,lty ,ltBYMH apMI1HMH. Ho oTKy,lta B3HTb ,n.pyrl1e CHJIbI? I1x HeT, 11
KJIIOK npl16eraeT K oCJla6JlellU10 nOCJlea1lelO ceoelO Ma1leepe1l-
1l0l0 pecypca - IX Kopnyca. Ha 3TOT Kopnyc CHOBa B03JIaraeT-
CH oxpaHa 6pellIl1.
B 11 qac. 20 MHH. KJnoK npHKa3bIBaeT reHepa.ny KBacTY
HanpaBI1Tb ,ltBe neXOTHbIX 6pHraabI C ,ltBYMH apTHJIJIepI1MCKI1-
MH rrOJIKaMI1 Ha 060POHY nepenpaB.
l-fo npaBbIH cpJIaHr 1- M: apMHH CHOBa BbI3bIBaeT TpeBory.
191420a
117
ABHaQHOHHaJI pa3Bel{Ka B 11 qac. 30 MHlI. YTpa J{OIlOCHT 0 CKOII-
JIeHI1M KpynHbIx CMJI <ppauUY30B Y MaKJII1H; npOTI1BIII1I<:, CI1-
JIOlO B OJ{HY JI.MBH3I1IO, npoJ{BHraeTC5I OT HaHTeHJIb H 5yacH-
<DpeHya HaJIeBMHb5lH. He rp03MT JII1 H OTCIOl{a yrp03a oXBaTa?
.
ranaKTMoHoB: rBapJ{eHcKMH Kopnyc 2-j;i repMaHcKoM ap-
MMM HacTynan Ha KpaMHeM JIeBOM <pJIaHre. 3TO 6bIJIO oT60p-
Hoe BOMCKO, npeBOCXOJ{HO BoopY:>KeHHOe, pacnOJIaraIOI..U:ee J{BY-
M5I KaBaJIepMMCKHMH nOJIKaMH. 5 CeHT5I6p Kopnyc Cl{eJIaJI
cpaBHMTeJIbHO He60JIbllIOM nepexoJ{, TaK KaK coceJ{H5I5I 3-51 ap-
MH OTCTaBaJIa, 11 K Beqepy J{OCTI1:r cBoeH ueJIH: paMoHa BepTlo
M 3ana,n:Hee. fIoxoJI. Ka3aJIC5I CKopee BoeHHoH npory JIKOM, YTO-
MMTeJIbHOM, HO YBJIeKaTeJIbHoH. KpoBaBbIH KOIliMap BOHHbI ell e
He KOCHYJIC5I CBOMM YHHqTO)f(aIOIl.(MM B03J{eMCTBMeM rBapl{I1H.
1-}I rBapJ{eMCKaJI neXOTHa5I J{HBI131151 paCnOJIO)l(MJIaCb 6MBya-
KOM BOKpyr lllaJIbTpe-o- Eya 11 BI1JIJIep-o- fiya. KapTHHa JIare-
p51 cKopeM HanOMMHaJIa 0 MaHeBpax MHpnoro BpeMeHI1, qeM 0
60eBoM pacnOJIO)l(eHl111 BO Bpa:>KeCKOM CTpane. JIlOJ{H OTl{bIXa-
JII1, MbIJIHCb, ql1CTHJIH JIOllIaJ{eM. IlpMIlIJIa notITa M nepBbIe ra-
3eTbI C pOl{HHbI. 3al1rpaJIa nOJIKOBa51 MY3bIKa.
BJ{pyr pa3l{anOCb cTpeKoTaHHe MOTopa cBepxy - B Te J{I111
3TO 6bIJIO eI.lte pet(KOCTbIO. CaMOJIeT! BCJIeJ{ 3a TeM llil1nen l1e H
OrJIYIlIHTeJIbHbIH TpecK: nepBa51 aBHaUI10HHa51 60M6a ynaJIa
cpeJ{M pacnOJIO:>KeHHH l{HBH3HI1 - :>KepTBbI 11 KpOBb. MOJIQaHHC
OXBaTI1JIO BeCb JIarepb; HapaCTaJIO CMYTHoe OmYll1eHHe, qTO C
BparOM eu.{e He nOKOHqeHO, qTO BnepeJ{H eI.lte T5IJKeJla51 KpOBa-
Ba 60pb6a».
l{aneKo BnepeJI. nOCJIaHbI KOHHble pa31>e3J{bI. ITpOTI1BHI1K
3aHHMaeT KOJIHHbM.
Ha yqaCTKe XI Kopnyca apTHJIJIepH5I HeMueB npol{OJI:>KaeT
C YTpa BeCTI1 CMJIbHbIM orOHb. ABI1aUl10HHa5I pa3BeJ{Ka co06-
I.ltaeT 0 npMcyTcTBHM 6aTapeH T5I:>KeJIbIX ray6l1U, CKOI1JIeHHH
neXOTbl MeiKJ{y ITbep- MopenoM, Kn:aMaHiKeM H OKonOB, B 2 KM
ceBepHee JIaHape. B 13 qac. 50 MI1H. C1>01lI. npMKa3bIBaeT XI
Kopnycy nepeHTH B HacTynJIeIIHe, BBOJ{ 18-10 J{I1BH3HIO H3 ap-
MeMCKoro pe3epBa Ha JIHHHIO, ceBepHee KonaHTpe. I-Io TOJIbKO
21-51 l{HBH3M5I Ha JIeBOM Q:>JIanre J{OCTMraeT oKpaHHbI MaJIoro
MopeHa. Ha npaBoM KpbIJIe, HanpOTI1B, I-IeMUbI nepexoJ{5IT B
118
ABua UR BeJlUKOU BOUHbl
v
aTaKY npM nO.lU{ep)KKe T )KeJIOM apTHJIJlepMH H OBJlaJ(eBaIOT
BaCHMOHOM. BeCb l(eHb Ha Y1JaCTKe XI Kopnyca HenpepblBHblH
orOHb T )KeJlbIX HeMel!KMX 6aTapeM, npM1JMH.HIOInHM 1JaCT M
cepbe3HbIe nOTepH.
B 17 qac. 30 MHH. 9- apMM nOJlY1JaeT npHKa3 <ppaHI!Y3-
v v
CKoro rJlaBHOrO KOMaHl(OBaHH , npeltnHCbIBalOInHH eH yltep-
)KaTbC Ha 3aH TOM <ppoHTe ltO nOJ{Xolta nOJ(KpenJleHHM.
KOMaHltHpOBaHHbIM MOJlbTKe nOJlKOBHHK XeH1J nOceI.I.taeT
IIITa6bI 5-M, 4-M, 3-M H 2-H repMaHcKHx apMHH, H HaXOltHT no-
JIO)KeHMe Ha <ppoHTe 2-H apMHH T )KeJlbIM.
113 TeJlerpaMMbI rpa<pa I1rnaTbeBa B POCCHIO: 8 CeHT 6p.H
ynopHoe Cpa)KeHMe npOl(OJl)KaJIOCb Ha BceM <ppOHTe C HeKOTO-
pbIM ycnexoM ltJl <ppaHQY30B Ha HeKOTOpbIX Y1JaCTKaX; 06XOlt-
Hoe ltBH)KeHMe npOTHB npaBoro <pJIaHra 1-M repMaHCKOM ap-
MHM He BnOJlHe Y.lIaJIOCb, TaK KaK HeMQbI ycneJlH nepe6pOCHTb
Ha npaBbIM <pJIaHr CBoero 3aCJlOHa, Ha 3anaJ(, II, IV H VI pe3epB-
HbIM Kopnyca, KOTopbIe nOBeJlH HacTynJleHHe M nOTeCHMJlH
napH)KCKYIO apMMIO C <ppoHTa lIH3H, BeTQ.
B 06pa30BaBIIIHMc npopbIB 1-M repMaHcKoH apMHH aHr-
JIMHCK£UI apMH npoltoJI)KaJla HacTynaTb H C paCCBeTOM 9 ceH-
T 6p lIa1JaJIa nepenpaBY Ha ceBepHbIH 6eper MapHbI y <I>epTe.
l{aJlee K BOCTOKY <ppaHQY3bI npOltBHHY JlHCb TalOKe Bnepelt .lI0
PY1Jb MaJIbIH MOpeH, HMe nepe.lI C060H III M IX Kopnyca B
nOJIHOM COCTaBe, a TaK)Ke X pe3epBHblH. B l1eHTpe, Ha060poT,
HeMI.!bI HMeJlH ycnex y <I>ep- IllaMneHya3a, r,l!e BeJlH 60H rBap-
ltHjI, XI 1-1, BepO THO, XII pe3epBHbIM Kopnyca..
9 ceHmR6pR - B 9 qaCOB YTpa repMaHCKa.H KaBaJIepHMCKa.H
pa3BeJ1Ka .lIOHeCJIa B IIITa6 1-H apMMI1, 1JTO CHJlbHa KOJIOHHa
cppaHUY30B ,l!BM)KeTC H3 cI>epTe-cy-)Kyap K BOCTOKY.
B 10 qaCOB JIeHTeHaHT BepTXOJIb.lI, JIeT1JHK 23-M repManc-
KOH 3CKa.lIpHJlbH, .lIOHec: HaCqHTaJI 5 60JIblllHX HenpH TeJIbC-
KHX KOJIOHH, nepeXOJJ.jlI.I.tHX MaJIbIM MopeH Me)K.lIY <I>epTe-cy-
)Kyap H MOHMHpaH H .lIBHraBmHXC Ha ceBep.
OltHa KOJIOHHa nepeXO.lIHJIa MaJIbIH MopeH B CeH-CHp,
rOJIOBa KOJIOHHbI B 9 qac. 15 MI1H. B CaacH OKOJIO MapHbI.
O.lIHa KOJlOHHa .lIBHraJIaCb OT OpJIH Ha MaJlbIM MopeH, ro-
JIona KOJIOHHbI Ha MapHe B HaHTeHJIb.
. 1914 lOa
119
Ol1Ha KOJIOIlHa J(BMraJIaCb Qepe3 MaJIbIH MOpCH t.ICpe3 I3y-
aTpOH, rOJIOBa B 9 qac. 10 MMH. B IlaBan Ha MapHe.
OJ(Ha KOJIOHHa J(BHranaCb OT Ca6JIOHbep, rOJIOBa B TOT iKe
qac B HOJKaH-JI'ApTO.
DJ(Ha KOJIOHHa J(BMraJIaCb OT CTaporo- Me30Ila, rOJIOBa B
9 qaCOB B llle3M.
KpoMe Toro, 3HaqMTeJIbHbIC rpynnbI KaBanepHH B pallone
3CM3 .
B 10 Qac. 30 MHll. 3TM CBc,n:eHH5I no,n:TBepiK,n:eHbI KaBaJIepH-
CTaMH.
ITOJIOJKeHl1e KaBaJIepMH PHxTro<peHa HeI13BeCTHO. HHKa-
KHX cBeJ(eHI1H 0 1-H apMHI1 KJlIOKa HeT.
B 11 qac. 30 MI1H. nOJIyqeHO naJKHOe J(OHeceHHe <PpaHUY3-
CKOI1: aBHapa3Be,aKH. AnHaTop, KanHTaH KaHaTpeJIb, nbIJIeTeB-
IIIHH YTPOM B 8 qac. 30 MMH. 113 POMHHH, npOJIeTeJI Hat{ BceM
paHOHOM CpaJKeHH5I S-ll apMMM. B 9 qaCOB Oll BH,n:eJI O)f(eCTO-
qeHHble 60M, npoHcxoJ(HBllIHe nOKpyr Cen- Ilpli, M01DKI1Bpe3
11 Epycl1. B 11 qaCOB, B03Bpall{a5lCb, Ha6JIloJ(aJI 60H 9-11 apMI1I1,
3Haql1TeJIhHO rrepeJ(BHuYBllIeHc5I K lory. aHa HaXOJ(HJIaCb YiKe
MeJKJ(Y rypraceH H CeMyaH Ha p. MopbeHH. Mai111 ropHT... Ta-
KMM 06pa30M, npaBbIH <pJIaHr 5- H apMHH IllHpOKO 060H eH, 11
eCJII1 9-51 apMH5I 6y,n:eT ellJ,e OTXOJ(l1Tb, TO 60H npHJ(eTC5I BeCTH
BCeMI1 CI1JIaMH Ii <pPOHTOM, cKopee, na IOrO-BOCTOK, qeM na ce-
Bep». B J(pyroM HanpaBJICHHI1 aBHapa3neJ(qHK OTMeTI1JI 60JIb-
Illoe rrepeMellJ,eJIl1e 06030n, y,n:aJI IOIl1I1XC5I B cenepIloM Hanpan-
JIeHHI1 OT MapHbI. all BI1J(eJI, qTO lllaTo-l-'beppn OCTaBJIeH,
MOCTbI y A3H H )KOJIbrOHH u:eJIbI, TOJlbKO MOCT Y MepH pa3py-
lllCH. On5ITb nycToTa BnepcJ(H T5IHeT cppaHu.Y30B K ccnepy, a
T5IJKeJIOe nOJIOJKelll1C apMI1H <Do III a K BOCTOKY.
KOMaUJ(YIOll{HH 5-i1 <ppaHUY3CKott apMHH reHepaJI J.I'3cne-
pe nepeIlOCHT KOMaHJ{HbIH nYHKT B MOIlMMpai1; on CTpaIllHO
Hc,n:OBOJIeH OTCYTCTBMeM J{OHeCeHI1M OT KaBaJIepl1t'ICKOM: pa3BeJJ:-
KI1; rrHJIOT Ha6JIIOJJ:aJI B-aJKHhle C06bITH5I, rrOqeMY Kananepl1M:-
CKMH Kopnyc He J(OllIeJI y)l(e JJ:O MapllbI?
B 8 qaCOB on HaQI1UaeT J(aBaTb YKa3aHH5I J(JI.H npoJ(oJIlKe-
HH5I J(BI1)KeHH5I BnepeJ( TpeMH KOJIOHHaMH. B 8 qac. 30 MI1H.
Ha,l( <ppaHU:Y3CKI1M KIT Haql1HaeT JIeTaTb repMaHCKI1M: CaMOJIeT
120
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80U1tbl
11 nOqTI1 Cpa3Y JKe nOCJIe STOrO rpa,a CHap.H,aOB HaKpbIBaeT 6JII1-
)KaMlIIee K KII CKOnJIeHMe <ppaHl{Y3CKHX BOMcK, BeJIOCl1ne,aOB,
JIOlIIa;J:eH 11 nOB030K. Bce pa36eralOTC.H no YKPbITI151M, oTKy.u;a
Y)Ke HanpaBJI.HIOTC.H Ha 60eBbIe n0311UI1I1.
<DpaHUY3CKMe -KOJIOHHbI .n:BMJKYTC Ha BomaH, Kor.n:a Ha.n,
HI1MI1 n05lBJI.HeTC5I CaMOJIeT C KpeCTaMI1. Bce )K.n:YT 06CTpeJIa,
o.n:HaKO, repMaHCKa51 apTI1JIJIepl151 MOJIQI1T. K 11 QaCaM aBHa-
I..{HOHHa51 pa3Be.n:Ka H 3axBatJeHHbIH npl1Ka3 n03BOJ! IOT YTOQ-
HHTb pacnOJIOJKeHl1e QaCTe:H npOTI1BHI1Ka.
HacTynJIeHl1e <ppaHnY30B pa3BI1BaeTC5I ycnelllHo. fepMaH-
CKaH B03.n:ymHa pa3Be.n:Ka .n:OHOCI1T, qTO KOJIOHHbI BOHCK co-
I03HI1KOB npI16JII1JKaIOTC5I K MapHe; HX rOJIOBHbIe lIaCTI1 K 9
qaCaM YTpa HaXOJ.(51TC5I Me)KlJ;y CaacH, lIlapJIM 11 HOJKaHoM. Ko-
MaH.n:YIOll!l1ll 2-ll repMaHcKoM apMHI1 reHepan: DIOJIOB, onaca-
Cb, liTO COI03HI1Kl1 OTpeJKYT 1-10 apMl110 OT 2-M, B 12 qac. .u;H5I
OT.n:aJ! npl1Ka3 06 oTcTynJIeHMI1 K MapHe.
B 12 qac. 30 MI1H. reHepaJI PMxTro<peH npl1Ka3aJI cBoeM
rBap.n:eM:CKOM: KaBaJIepl111 oTcTynaTh. 1-51 repMaHCKa51 apMI151
OTOlllJIa Ha JIMHI1IO Kpenl1-an- BaJIya - <DepTe- MI1JIOH -
HCHH-CeH-<DpaH, a 3aTeM .n:aJIee,ao p. 3H.
TOJIbKO K Beqepy <ppaHUY3CKI1M llITa6 OKOHtJaTeJIbHO pe-
1lII1JIC HacTynaTb B ceBepHOM HarrpaBJIeHI1I1. B 23 qaca COCTaB-
JIeH 06IltHll npl1Ka3 no 5- M: apMHH.
IIo.n:omelJ;llIl1M: K p. YpK IX Kopnyc naql1HaeT ycnelllHoe Ha-
cTynJICHl1e Ha KpallHcM npaBOM tPJIaHre 1- H repMaHcKoH ap-
MI1I1. Ho aHrJIl1qaHe C tJaCTblO CI1JI 5-tI tPpaHQY3cKOM: apMl111 y)KC
nepeIIIJII1 MapHY, npeo,aOJIeBaH COllpOTI1BJIeHl1e cJIa60ro KaBa-
JIepl1M:CKOrO 3aCJIOHa.l{JI5I BHYTpeHHl1x tPJIaHrOB 1-tI H 2-H rep-
MaHCKI1X apMI1H C03.n:aeTC5I I\paM:He onaCHoe nOJIO)f(eHl1e. TIoc-
JIe nOJIy.n:H5I 06e OHH Haql1:'alOT oTcTynJIeHl1e, XOT5I JIeBOe KpbI-
JIO 2-:H apMI1H .l10 caMoro Beqepa npo.n:OJIJKaeT ycnelliHo
IIacTynaTb npOTI1B apMI1H <Dollia. BeqepOM OT.n:aeTC.H npl1Ka3
06 oTcTynJIeUMI1 3-M: apMI1I1, 4-51 M 5- repMaHCKl1e apMl111 npo-
.n:OJI)KaIOT BeCTI1 60M.
l-fo y)l(e n03,llHO: ytJaCTb 611TBbI pellleHa. repMaHCKl1e apMHM
HatJl1l1alOT oTcrynJIeHl1e K p. 3H.
HeO)f(I1lJ;aHHbIM ,aJI5I <PpauUY30B y,aap npaBo<l>JIaHrOBOM
1914 lOa
121
rpynrtbI 1-fI apMMM Ha HaHTeI1JIb. HacTynJIeHMe rpynnbI KBa-
CTa (III M IX Kopnyca 1-11 repMaHcKoH apMMYI) Ha HaHTeHJIb M
.LJ:aMapTen. XeH1.f B IllTa6e 1-H repMaHcKoH apMMU; peIlleHl1e 06
06ru:eM oTcTynJIeHMM. 5-51 apMl1.H 3aHvIMaeT llIaTo-"'rbeppM. Ap-
MM.H cD o III a B03BpaIuaeT cDep- IJlaMneHya3. CpaJKeHHe Ha Map-
He 3aKOH1.fMJIOCb oTcTynJIeHMeM repMaHCKHX BOHCK.
MapHcKoe Cpa)KeHl1e OTJIH1.faeTC.H OT BeJIM1.faHIlII1X 611TB
npOIlIJIbIX 3nox rpaHl(M03HOCTbI0 CBOMX MaclllTa60B. OKOJIO
2 MJIH. 1.feJIOneK npMH.HJIO B HeM Yl.JaCTI1e. B 60M: 6bIJII1 6poIue-
u u u
libI orpoMHbIe BOI1CKOBbIe MaCCbI C TOB 11 C l(pyrol1 CTOpOllbI.
11 pOJIb aBJ1aUJ111 06el1x CTOpOH B cproKeHHM Ha MapIle 6bIJIa
BeCbMa 3Hal.JI1TeJIbHoH. TaK, <PpaHUY3CKlliI aBI1aUM.H cBocBpe-
MeHHO BCKpbIJIa l(BMJKeHl1e repMaHCKI1X apMI1M: BOCT01.fHee Ila-
pHJKa K MapHe. KCTaTI1 rOBOp.H, 3TO C,AeJIaJII1 nMJIOTbI 3CKal(pH-
JIbl1, B KOTOpOM: CJIYJKMJI rappo, KOTOpbIM .HKo6bI y)Ke repOM:CKH
IIorM6, COrJIaCHO PYCCKOM: npOnaraHl(c. f-Ia OCHOnaHHI1 3TI1X
l(aHHbIX cppaHUY3cKoe KOMaHl(OBaHl1e opraHH30BaJIO KOIITp-
Yl(ap 113 pa ioHa IlapMIKa B npaBbII1 cpJIaHr 1-}I repMaHCKOM: ap-
MI1I1, 3aCTaBI1B ee OTKa3aTbC.H OT HacTynJICHl1.H H IIepeM:TI1 K
060pOHe. IlpJ13TOM Ba)KHO OTMeTI1Tb, 1.fTO aBHa[(l1.H 1- i repMan-
CKOH apMI1M cBoeBpeMeHHo OIlOCI1JIa 0 CKOIIJICHHH (ppaIlUY3-
CKHX DOMCK B paHoHc I1apB)Ka. Ol(HaKO repMaHcKoe KOMaH,ZJ:O-
naHl1e He 06paTI1JIO BHMMaHl1.H Ha 3TI1 CBeJ],eHI1.H 11 He lIpHH.HJIO
Hal(JIeJKalltl1X Mep K 06eCIIe1.JeHHIO OTKpbIToro npaBoro cpJIalI-
ra, KOIlTPY J],ap <ppaH[(Y30B lIO KOTOPOMY .HBHJIC.H l(JI.H HeM] e13
lIOJIlIOH HeO)KI1l(aHHOCTblO. COJII1l(HbIe reHepaJIbI CTaporo 3a-
u
KaJIa ell{e He npOqYBCTBOBaJIM K 3TOMY MO 1eI-rry B nOJIHOM Mepe,
'-ITO cBepxy Bce HX MalIeBpbI CHbIM l(HeM BYIl(HbI, CJIOBIIO Ha
JIaJ OHH.
TaK)Ke aBHa[(M.H aHfJIHHCKOH apMMI1 CBoeBpeMCHHO l(OlIec-
JIa KOMaHl(OBaHMIO 06 06pa30BaBlJleMC.H pa3pbIBe Me)K.ay 1-H H
2-M: repMaHCKMMI1 apMH.HMI1. B pe3YJIbTaTe aHrJIHHCKOe KOMan-
l(OBaHl1e npel(npHH.HJIO HaCTYIIJIeHl1e, CKOBaBluee MHMUMaTI1BY
u
repMaHCKOH CTOpOHbI.
Ol(HaKO aHrJIMM:CKOe HaCTylIJIeHl1e IIpOBOl{I1JIOCb C qpe3Mep-
HOM OCTOpO)KHOCTbIO M pa3BMBaJIOCb KpaHHe Mel(JIeHHO. B03-
JJ:YIlII-IM pa3BeJ],Ka fepMaHHH BCKpbIJIa HaMepeHMe aHrJIH1JaH, H
122
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80UJtbl
KOMaHl(OBaHMe 2-w repMaHCKOM apMMM CBOeBpeMeHHO rrpI1H.H-
JIO pellIeHMe Ha OTXO,n:.
OCHOBHbIM He,n:OCTaTKOM OpraHM3aUMM B03.aYllIHOH pa3BC,n:-
KM CTOpbH .HBJI.HJIOCb cOCpe,n:OTOqeHMe YCHJII1i1, rJlaBHbIM o6pa-
30M, Ha nOJIe 6051. BCJIe,n:cTBMe 3Toro repMaHCKa.H aBl1aUl1.H He
BCKpbIJIa 60JIee rJIy60Koi1 neperpynnMpOBKI1 <ppaHUY3cKMX
BOi1CK Ha MapHe, a aHrJlo-<ppaHUY3CKa.H aBl1aUl1.H He 06Hapy-
)KMJIa OTXOl(a repMaHcKMx BOHCK na py6e)K p. 3H.
:>Ko<p<pp: MapHCKa.H 6I1TBa, KOTOpa.H 6bIJIa natIaTa C Ha-
IlIeM CTOpOHbI MaHeBpoM OXBaTa npaBoro KpbIJIa Bpara, OKOH-
tIMJIaCb paCtIJIeHeHMeM HenpM.HTeJIbCKOro pacnOJIO)KeHM.H, B
KOTOpOM OTKpbIJIMCb l(Be 6pellIM: Ol(Ha Me)K,n:y 1-H 11 2-i1 rep-
MaHCKI1MM apMI151MM, ,n:pyra.H - Me)Kl(y 2-M M 4-H, npl1QeM 3-51
apMM.H 6bIJIa pa36MTa Ha ,n:Be tIaCTI1, KOTopbIe npMMKHYJIM co-
OTBCTCTBeHHO K JIeBoMY <pJIaHry DIOJIOBa 11 npaBoMY rrpMHua
BlOpTeM6eprcKoro. 3T0i1 HeO)KI1l(aHHOH cMTyaUMeH MbI BOC-
nOJIb30BaJIMCb nOJIHOCTbIO .
JIJIoi1lt ,l{)KOp,n:)K: ...Bce I1CCJIel(OBaTeJIM CXOl(.HTC.H B Bon-
poce 0 cpaKTopax, peUIMBIlII1X I1CXOl( Cpa)KeHM.H:
1. IIoBopoT 6- i1 cppaHUY3cKOH apMl111 no,n: KOMaHl(OBaHl1eM
MOHYPM... npOTMB npaBoro <pJIaHra <pOH K7IIOKa. cI>OH KJIIOK
He O)KMl(aJI 3Toro Hana,n:eHM.H M He 6bIJI nOJ rOTOBJIeH K HeMY...
2. OCJIa6JleHI1e repMaHCKI1X apMI1H, C03l(aBllIeeC.H H3-3a
oTnpaBKI1 ,n:BYX KoprrycoB B BOCTOtIHYIO IlpYCCMIO l(JI.H Toro,
lIT06bI OTpa3l1Tb HeO)KMl(aHHOe HacTynJIeHl1e apMMM CaMcoHo-
Ba - eu{e O.l{Ha neO)KHl(aHHOCTb - M OCTaBJIeHHe eme l(BYX KOp-
nycoB B DeJIbrl111 Y AHTBepneHa...
3. HOBbIM nO.HBJIeHHeM B nOJIHOM 60eBoH MOll.{H TOi1 caMoi1
aIIrJII1HCKOH apMMI1, KOTOpYIO HeM}tbI, no I1X paclIeTaM, .HK06bI
OKOHlIaTeJIbHO pa36MJIH...
HECTEPOB
Ha BOCmOllHOe8pOneucKoM meampe B l(HI1 MapncKHx 60eB
npOH30111JIO HeMaJIOBa)KHOe ,l{JI.H I1CTOpMI1 BoeHHO-B03l(YIIIHbIX
CMJI C06bITI1e - 6bIJI COBeprnen nepBbIi1 B03.aYIllHbIH TapaH.
7 ceHm1l6p1l - II.HTb l(MBH3Mi1 4-i1 PYCCKOi1 apMl111 nOCJIe
apTMJIJIepl1i1cKoH no,n:rOTOBKI1 M3 264 Opy,n:MH aTaKOBaJIM aBCT-
1914 zod
123
PHHl{eB Ha 12-KM Y1.JaCTKC <j>poHTa 11 npOltBHIIYJlHCh B TeqCHMe
ltHjf Ha 2-3 KM.
B 6 qac. 30 MI1H. yrpa H3 pa3Be,ltKY paHoHa PaBbJ-PYCCKOH,
pacnOJlO)KeHHOH Ha ceBepO-3ana,lt OT JIbBoBa, BbIJleTeJI lllTa6c-
KanHTaH HecTepoB C Ha6J1lOltaTeJleM nopYtIHKOM r-fHTOBbIM.
BBI1AY Ba)KHOCTH nOJIeTa 3KHna)K co6cTB..eHHbIMH CHJlaMI1 ne-
pelteJlaJl AJljf c6pachIBaHM C 60JIblllOH BblCOTbI ltBe apTI1JIJle-
pl1HCKI1X TpeXltlOHMOBbIX rpaHaTbI, KOTopbIe BO BpeM npooe-
lteHI1 pa3BeltKI1 6bIJlI1 C6pOllJeHbl Ha npOTHBHI1Ka. 113 AOHeCe-
Hl1jf B llJTa6 apMHI1: ....fpaHaTbI 6hlJll16pomeHhI Ha.zt nJIOIl1a.ztbIO,
3aH TOH 0603aMI1 6J1113 jJ(eJIe3HOH J(oporl1 Y PaBbl- PYCCKOH. ,l!o
6pOCaHI1jf He 6blJIO OI1J(HO ltbIMa H nhIJlI1, KOTopbIe nOjfBI1J1HCb
nOCJIe. 0 pe3YJlbTaTaX TPYltHO qTO-HI16Ylth CKa3aTb. BoeHHbIH
JIeTtlI1K llJTa6c-KanHTaH HeCTepOB.. 3TO 6hIJlO OltllO H3 nep-
BbIX 60M60MeTaHHH C a3pOnJIaHa, npOH3BeJ(eHHhIX PYCCKHMH
JIeTtlHKaMI1 B BeJII1KOH BOHHe.
B 3TOT ,ltellh HeCTepoo Tpl1)KltbI JIeTaJl B pa3BenKY. 113 J(O-
HeceHM : 1 "lac. 35 MHH. 113 )KOJIKeBa. PYCCKa KapTa 2 Bep-
CTbI B ltlOHMe. BblJIeTeO B 7 "lac. YTpa Ha pa3BeAKY Ii AOJJeTCB,ltO
60eo Ha JlI1HHH PaBa- PYCCKasI, npHHY)Kltell 6bIJI B03BpaTHTb-
C , TaK KaK CJIOMaJICjI KapalI,ltam. B 10 1.Jac. 5 MI1H. nOJ(HjfJlCjf
CHOBa H nOJICTeJl Ha COKaJIh, fpy6eIlIoB, rlte 06JIeTeJl paHon
BapeH)K, fpy6emoB, TbIllJOBltbl, JIalltOB, YHO, BeJlb3. BBHny
Toro, qTO MHe HeH3BeCTHO pacnOJlO:>KeHl1e CBOI1X BOMCK, ltOHO-
my 0 BceM 3aMC\JeHHOM...
Y MHKYJII1Ha 60H, y TeJIjfTI1Ha 60H, y JIaIltOBa pe3epB OKO-
JlO 6pl1ra.ztbI. Y TeJIjfTI1Ha pe3epBHasI KOJlOHHa OKOJIO nOJlKa. B
paHoHe THmOBQbl- TeJljfTI1H 60H, B KOTOpOM Tpy,ltHO pa306paTb-
CHI CTaHQ"I EeJIb3 ropHT. no )KeJIe3HOH ltopore ABI1JKelIHjf neT.
BCJleJ(CTBHe npeKpameHHjf 6eH311Ha BepHYJICjf B 12 "lac. 10 MI1H.
BOClIHhIH JIeTqHK mTa6c-KanMTaH HecTepon..
TeJIerpaMMa 113 IIITa6a apMHH KOMaH,l!l1py 11-ro Kopnyca.
OTnpaBJICHa 1 "lac. 50 MMH. AlIjI. llOJIY1.JeHa 4 '-Iac. 20 MI1H.:
TOJIhKO "ITO JIeTQI1KOM ltOCTaBJIeHbI cBCAeHHjI PaBa- PYCCKOH
OKOJlO nOJIKa neXOTbI Ha 3aIIa){HOM: OKpaHHe, IO)KHee YHYBa OKO-
JIO J(BYX 6pHrazt O)KI1,ltaIOT nocaJ(KI1 Ha CTaHQI1 X 3CJleHa, 103e-
cpOBKa. l!oH)KeIU1.H K 60eBbIM JIHIII1 M OT PaBa- PYCCKllil neT.
124
A8Ua UJl BellUKOU 80U1lbl
ITo 1lI0CCe HeMHpOB Ha 5IBOpOB 06HapY)KeHO ,n:BM)KeHHe nexo-
TbI. Y PaBbI- PYCCKOM OrpOMHOe KOJIl1qeCTBO 06030B, CTOHlltMX
B nOJIHOM 6eCnOpH,n:Ke. OT TOMamOBa M YHYBa npOM3Bo,n:MTCH
YCI1JIeHHM )KeJIe3Ho,n:opO)KHa 3BaKya[(MSI. Y EeJIb)Keu.a CTOI1T
,n:o ,n:MBI13HH neXOTbI M ,n:BM)KeTCSI Ha PaBY- PYCCKYIO OKOJIO 6pM-
ran:bI, ,n:ome,n:llIeM ,n:o MOCTbI.
BBM,n:y 3TMX 06CTOHTeJIbCTB KOMaH,n:YIOlltHM apMl1eH npM-
Ka3aJI X Kopnycy HeMe,n:JIeHHO nepetiTM B HacTynJIeHl1e Ha He-
MMpOB - CMOJII1H, nOJU{ep)KMBaJI CBSl3b C IX KopnycoM. feHc-
paJIY CHBepcy no,n:qMHHeTCSI 6pHraJ1a XII Kopnyca, npl16bIBa-
IOlltaSi K qacy ,n:HSI B BOJIb,n:Opcp. IX Kopnycy BMeCTC C X
3HeprMqHO HacTynaTb Ha npoTMBHMKa C cppoHTa, llIMpOKO
nOJIb3YSlCb ,n:JISI no,n:rOTOBKH aTaKH TSI)I(eJIOM apTHJIJIepHeH. XI
Kopnycy HacTynaTb B npe)KHMX HanpaBJIeHMSlX, npMHSlB HY)I(-
HbIe Mepbl K oxpaHe npaBoro cpJIaHra. J{eticTBoBaTb KpatiHc
3HeprHqHO, cKopee npepBaTb )KeJIe3Ho,n:opO)KHOe C006llteHI1e y
PaBbI-PYCCKOM. XXI Kopnycy npo,n:BMHYTbCH Bnepe,n: npOTI1B
YKa3aHHOH JII1HMI1, CKOBaTb npoTHBHMKa, pacnOJIOJKeHHOrO y
EeJIb)l(eu.a. ,l{paroMHpoB *.
Ha,n: PYCCKHMH n03H[(HSlMM TaK)I(e JIeTaJIH aBcTpMMCKMC
pa3Be,n:QMKM. Oc06eHHo HaCTOHQHBO BeJI pa3Be,n:KY aBcTpMM-
CKHM JIeTQHK <DpMJJ:pI1X P03eHTaJIb, CbIH BJIa,n:eJIb[(a HMeHMSI, B
KOTOpOM paCnOJIO)KHJICSIIlITa6 3-H apMHI1. OH YBepeHHo JIeTaJI
Ha,n: PYCCKI1MH BOHcKaMH H ,n:a)Ke c6poCI1JI Ha a3po,n:poM ii-ro
aBl1aOTpSl,n:a 60M6y Tl1na apTMJIJIepHMCKoro CHapSl,n:a, KOTOpaJI,
3apbIBllIMCb B neCOK, He pa30pBaJIaCb.
COCTOSlJIOCb COBemaHMe B OT,n:eJIe pa3Be,n:KH IIITa6a apMHH,
pacnOJIO)l(eHHOM B )l(OJIKeBCKOM 3aMKe 6apoHa P03eHTaJISI.
TIOJIKOBHHK EOHQ- EpyeBI1Q 3aJ1BMJI, QTO BBI1,n:y CJIO)l(l1BllIeHCSI
Ha <ppoHTe cHTya[(MM «coBeprneHHo He,n:onycTHMo... TcpneTb
narJIbIe IIOJIeTbI aBcTpHt'Iua, KOTOpbIM MO)KeT copBaTb HalIII1
HaMepelll1S1 . HecTepoB ,n:aJI QeCTIIOe CJIOBO o<pl1[(epa, QTO «aB-
CTpl1e[( nepecTaHeT JIeTaTb, pa3 3TO He06xo,n:MMO .
8 ceumR6pR - PyccKoe KOMaH,n:OBaHMC 06'be.ll.HHHCT YCI1-
· llpHKa3 COCTaUJICU ua OCllooallHH BCCbMa 06CTO}lTCJlbilOrO JlOIICCCIIHH lIa-
6JIIOJlaTCJI.H IIITa6c-Kall HTalia IIJIOTIIH Kona, JICTaBilicro B pa:iBCJlKY YTPOM Toro
lUISI C JICTLfHKOM 9-1'0 alUtaOTpHJla 3-H apMHH Ma.1(bIlIlCBbIM.
1914 lOa
125
JlH 4-", 5-11: 11 9-11: apMI1I1:, 11 K I1CXO,n:y ,n:IHI 9-$1 apMH npopbIBa-
eT n03HQI1H aBCTpI1MQeB.
AKT paCCJIel{OBaHI1 rl16eJII1 JIeTtJ:I1Ka n.t-I. HecTepoBa:
OCMOTpOM pa3611TbIX arrnapaTOB 11 onpOCOM CBHl{eTeJIet'I
B03,n:YIIIHOM 60pb6bI IlITa6c-Kanl1TaHa HecTepoBa C aBCTpI1M-
CKHM 6HMOHOnJIaHOM CI1CTeMbI "AJIb6aTpOc" BbUICHI1JIOCb:
1.11ITa6c-KanMTaH HecTepoB YJKe,n:aBHO Bblpa)KaJI MHeHMe,
'-ITO BJI.HeTC.H B03MOJKHbIM C6MTb HerrpH.HTeJlbCKHM B03l(YIlIHbIH
annapaT Yl(apOM cBepxy KOJIeCaMI1 co6cTBeHHO:H MaUIHHbI no
nOMep:iKHBaIOll.{I1M nOBepxHocT M Henpl1.HTeJIbCKOrO annapa-
Ta, npl1'-IeM ,n:onYCKaJI B03MOJKHOCTb 6JIarOnOJIYQHOrO I1CXOl(a
l(JI TapaH.Hll.{erO JIeT'-IHKa.
2. lllTa6c-KanMTaH HecTepoB HeOl(HOKpaTHo BbIpaJKaJI
MbICJIb, '-ITO nerrpl1.HTeJIbCKaH B03,l.(YllIHa.H MallIMHa JIeTaTb Hal(
11-M aBMaQMOHHbIM OTp l(OM 6eCnpen.HTCTBeHHO lIe 6YlleT.
3. PeUIeHMe TapaHI1Tb 11 c6MBaTb HenpM.HTeJIbCKMe B03l(yrn-
HbIe Mallll1HbI Y IlITa6c-KanMTana HccTepoBa 3apOl{MJIOCb y)KC
,l{aBHO. TaK, B r.l{y6Ho, '-IMCJIa 5-6 cero aBrycTa* 11M 6bIJI npl1-
cnOC06JIen HOJK K 3aJ{HeH KOHetJHOCTM 4>I03eJI JKa, KOTOpbIl\1 OH
npe,n:nOJIaraJI pa3pC3aTb 060JIO'-IKY Henpl1.HTeJIbCKOrO l(MpI1JKa6-
JI.H. Bo BpeM npc6bIBaHH.H B 3JIotJeBe OH pellIl1JI npMcnoco-
6MTb K XBOCTY annapaTa l(JIHHHblti TpOC C rpY30M, KOTOpbIM
Hat{e.HJIC.H onYTaTb BMHT HenpM.HTeJIbCKOro aapOnJIaHa, npoJIe-
T£UI nepel( HOCOM TaKOBoro.
4. 06 onaCHOCTM TaKoro pOl(a l(eMCTBM.H TOBapMll.{M nOKOH-
Horo eMY HeOl(HOKpaTHO YKa3bIBaJIM, HaCTaMBM Ha TOM, '-ITO npl1
Y,l{ape B B03l(yxe TapaH.Hll.{HM annapaT l(OJIJKeH 06.H3aTeJIbHO no-
JIOMaTbC.H, Ha '-ITO IlITa6c-KanMTaH HeCTepOB OTBetJaJI, tJTO 3TO
elue He ,l{OKa3aHO, a, HaKOHel.{, eCJIM annapaT M CJIOMMTC.H, TO 3TO
ell.{e HHQerO He 3Ha'-II1T, TaK KaK Bce paBHO Kor,n:a-HM6Yl(b pa36M-
BaTbC.H npMl(eTC.H, a )KepTBOBaTb co60:H eCTb ,l{OJIr KCl)Kl(OrO BOMHa.
5. 26 aBrycTa** IlITa6c-KanMTaH HecTepoB l(JI.H npeCJIe,n:o-
BaHI1.H HenpM.HTeJIbCKOrO annapaTa nO,l{bIMaJIC.H l(Ba pa3a; npM
ncpBOM nOl('bCMe* * * l(OrnaTb HenpH.HTCJIbCKMM annapaT He Yl(a-
· 18-19 afirycTa II.C.
.. 8 CCIIT,S16p}l II.C.
... 10 ljac. 30 MHII. YTpa.
126
A8ua USl BeJlu"ou 80U:Hbl
JIOCb, KpoMe TOrO, npH nO,n'beMe, ell(e Ha 3eMJIe, 060PBaJICg TpOC
C rpY30M., nOCJIe qerO wTa6c-KanHTaH HecTepoB CnYCTHJICg H
nOeXaJI B KaH, 1.{eJIgpHIO BeJIeB npe,nynpe,nHTb ce6g, eCJIH no-
gBHTCg HenpHgTeJlbCKHH annapaT.
BCKOpe BHOBb nOgBHJICg TOT )l(e annapaT; IlITa6c-KanHTaH
HeCTepoB noeXaJI Ha a3pOltpOM Ha aBTOMo6, HJIe CneIllHO Cell
Ha CBOM )tBYXMeCTHbIM annapaT CHCTeMbl MOpaH-COJIHbe, TaK
KaK O,nHOMeCTHbIM paa6HJICg..; C3J(gCb B annapaT, OH HaCTOJIb-
KO CneIllHJI, qTO )tIDKe K HeMY He npHBg3aJICg.
Ha CJlOBa nopyqHKa KOBaHbKO: ., qTO )Ke Tbl 6yltellib lteJIaTb,
B03bMH XOTb 6paYHHHr", - llITa6c-KanHTaH HecTepoB OTBeTH.1I:
.,HHtJero, g KaK-HH6y,nb 060HltYCb".
6. IllTa6c-KanHTaH HecTepoB 6bICTpO BblHrpaJI BblCOTY H
v u
HarHaJI HenpHgTeJIbCKHH annapaT B Tpex C nOJIOBHHOH BepcTax
(ceBepO-3anClJ{Hee ltepeBHH JIHnHHa) B 12 qac. 5 MHH. )tUg.
3J(ecb, 6y,nyqH 3HaqHTeJIbHO BblllIe HenpHgTeJIbCKOH MallIHHbl,
OH CnJIanHpOBaJI He Hee, OqeBHltHO, C QeJIblO c6HTb ee KOJleCa-
MH.
7. BCJIe,ncTBHc Tpy,nHOCTH yqeCTb nocTynaTeJIbHYIO CKO-
pOCTb o6eHx MallIHH, annapaT mTa6c-KanlITaHa HeCTepOBa He
y,napHJI aBCTpHHCKHH aapOWIaH KOJIeCaMH, a Bpe3aJICg MOTO-
pOM Me)K,ny ,nBYMg HeCYII.{HMH nOBepXHOCTgMH 6HMOHOnJIa-
Ha.... j{OKa3aTeJIbCTBOM cero CJlY)KaT: a) COBepmeHHO H3J10-
MaHHbIH BHHT Mopana, 6) o6MoTaBllICUlCg BOKpyr 06J1oMKa TOfU
)Ke BHHTa HapYJKHCUI nOKpblllIKa BaylteHOBCKoro rH6Koro BaJIa
OT CqeTqHKa 060POTOB, B) nOJlOMKa BaJIa, OTlteJleHHe MOTopa
· 31'a HJlCH n IICCKOJlbl(O TpallCcl)opMH(>OualilioM DHJlC 1I(>O}lltHJlaCh ItO n1'O-
pOH MHpODOH OOHIIC. HCMCII,KHC JICT HKli IIhlTaJlHCb YIII1 1'OIKI1Th rpYllllhl
CI1JlhllO oOOpYjKCllllhlX aMCpl1KallCKHx 6oM6apJ(Hpoolll11KOB lIoJlnclllclilioH lIa
1000-MCTpoOOM TpocC 250-Kr 6oM60it
.. ....lIa OJUIOMl.'C1'IIOM 6blJIH CIIHThl KJIa1l3I1hl., - 11311HChM3 KooallbKo IKCIIC
HCcTcpooa. BoclillblH JlC HK KODallhKO IIpH6blJI U O1'p}lJ( lIaKallYlic. OllllpcJl-
JI3raJi HecTCpony 3TaK003Tb ancTplfHlla n lIapc H IIPHIIYJlH1'b cro K IIOC3JlKC.
ITpHKa1 HccTCpona IIcpoopaTb KJlaliallhl1l3 crn a3poIlJI3I1C IICKOTOpblC pacllc-
II H 113101' K3K IIpcJlIlaMCpCllllblH; IIPH 1I0HTOpilOM 1I0}lWICIIHH 30C1'pl-li1lla K 110-
JIC1'Y 6blJI rOTOR TOJlbKO OJlHIl 33pOllJlaii. Ha IIpcJlJIOIKCIIHC KooallbKO 1J3}11'b
cro lIa MCCTO JIC1'1I 363, HCCTCpOO O1'OCTI1J1 OTKa30M.
... YJl3p KOJlccaMH IHaCCH CIICC aUCTpHtill,Y OCpXIICC KpbIJIO. HH)I(IICC CJIO-
)l(I-IJlOCb C3MO, H MalllUlla, IIOPX3S1, KaK orpoMllaSi 6a60 K3, YllaJI3 IUIH:i.
19,14 lOa
127
OT arrrrapaTa H OTlI,eJIbHOe ero rralI,eHHe na 3eMJIIO MeTpax B 130
OT rrepBoro.
8. TIo xapaKTepy nalI,eHH.H MopaHa IIITa6c-KanHTana I-Ie-
cTepoBa Crr11paJIblO MO)KHO 3aKJIIOtIHTb, tITO KpblJIb.H TaKOBoro
B nepBblH, rrOCJIelI,OBaBIIIHM rrOCJIe CTOJIKIlOBeHI1.H MOMeHT, oc-
TaJIJ1Cb QeJIbI, a eCJII1 npornYJIHCb, TO He3HatIHTeJIbHO.
9.ll1Ta6c-KarrJ1TaH HeCTepOB BblJIeTeJI H3 anrrapaTa 11 ynaJI
Ha 3eMJIIO OT]!eJIbHO 01' laIIIHHbI MCTpax B 25 OT nee, MOMeHT
OT]!CJIeHH.H ero 01' anrrapaTa YCTanOBHTb He Y.l1aJIOCb; MMeIOTC.H
nOKa3aHI1.H, tITO on BbIJIeTeJI B caMbIM MOMeHT CTOJIKHOBeHH5I
arrnapaTOB, 1-10 HeKOTopbIe IIOKa3bIBaIOT, "11'0 31'0 CJIYlfMJIOCb
3HalfHTeJIbHO HI1)Ke YKa3aHHot:1 TOtIKH.
10. OCMOTp 06JIOMKOB MopaHa YKa3hIBaCT Ha TO, "11'0 lllac-
CH nporIIY JIOCb HJIH nO.l1JIOMI1JIOCb Y)Ke B B03,l.{YXC, HH)KHHC TpO-
CbI OCJIa6JIH, H B MOMeHT KaCaHI1.H 3CMJIH annapaT CJlO)KHJIC5I
TaK, tITO KOHUbI KpbIJIbeB ClVI0TpeJIH B O){IIY CTOPOHY.
113 Bcero BbIIlleH3JIO)KeHHOrO Ha]!JIe)KUT BblBeCTH 3aKJIJO-
t.leIlHe, "11'0 llITa6c-KanHTaH HeCTepOB C03I1aTeJIbHO, npe3peB
JIHqHYIO onaCHOCTb, rrpelJ,HaMepCHHO nO.l1HHJIC.H, naCTl1r 11 Yl-{a-
pHJI HenpHHTeJIbCKHi1 a3pOrrJIaH c06CTBeHIIOH MalllHHOH; t.ITO
OT CHJIbl CTOJIKHOBeIIH.H co6CTBeHIlbIH annapaT llITa6c-KanHTa-
Ha l-lecTepOBa HaCTOJIbKO nOCTpa.l1aJI, tITO IllTa6c-KanHTan He-
CTepOB cnYCTI1TbCH na HeM lIe Mor, 6bIJI BbI6poUIen H3 aIlIIapa-
Ta IIPI1 OJ{.HOM H3 pe3KHx lI-BI1)KeIIHH I10CJIC.l1HCrO II norn6, pa3-
6HBllIHCb 0 3eMJIlO.
I10.l1n11CaJI: npe.l1Ce.l1aTeJIb KOMHCCI'IM rCnepaJIbHOrO IlITa6a
KanHTan JIa3apen, t.JJlelIbI: BoeHHbI1I JIeTtIHK I10pYtII1K TIepelI,-
KOB H BoeHHbIH JleTtIHK nopYtIHK KOBaHbKO».
113 rrp11Ka3a no B01IcKaM 3-M apMHH N 33 OT (26) aBrycTa
1914 r.: CJIaBa eMY, repoHcKH HCnOJIHHBllIeMY CBOM ,n:OJlf ne-
pelt PO.l1HHOH! ,l!a 6YlI,eT ero nO.l1BMf BceM npYI lepOM I1]!a Hai1-
]!eT B ce6e CYIJIY Ka)K.l1bIH nocTynHTb, KaK IIocTynHJI IllTa6c- Ka-
rrHTaH l-IecTepoB, CCJIH 06CTOHTCJlbCTBa 3Toro nOTpc6YIOT...
KOMaIl.l1YlOIlt.Hll apM11eH renepaJI OT HH<paUTepHH PY3CKHM,
HaqaJlbHHK lllTa6a apMHH reHepaJI-JIetiTeHaIIT J(parorvul-
pOB .
TeJIerpaMMa: AncTpHi1cKHll JIeT'-IHK IIOpY4HK P03elITaJIb H
128
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80U1tbl
YHTep o<pl1uep MOJII1Ha nOrl16JIIi 26 aBrycTa npl1 B03l{YillHOH
aTaKe I1X ceBepO-3anal{Hee BOJI5I BbIcoUKoro IllTa6c-KaIII1TaHOM
HecTepoBbIM TaK)Ke nOrl16Illl1M npl1 3TOM. L{parOMl1pOB .
BOT KaK onl1caJI nepBbIM B I1CTOpl111 B03l{YllIl-IbIH TapaH Me-
XaHI1K II. H. HeCTepOBa, l{OCTaBI1BIllI1M TeJIO repo51 B Kl1eB: 25
aBrycTa n05lBI1JII1Cb aBCTpl1MCKHe a3pOnJIaHbI nal{ naIllI1MI1 no-
311IJ.I151MI1. MbI HaCt.lI1TaJIl1 Tpl1 IllTYKI1. O.l1I1H 113 HHX 6poCI1JI
cpl1TI1JIbHYIO 60M6y, Ii OHI1 Y JIeTeJII1. HaIlIa CTpeJIb6a 113 BI1HTO-
BOK He npl1t.1l1HH.JIa 11M HI1KaKOrO Bpel{a. HeCTepOB nonp060-
BaJI I1X l{OrHaTb, HO y Hero I10t.lCMY-TO 3at.lIiXaJI MOTOP, H eMY
npIiIlIJIOCb COBepIllI1Tb nOCal{KY.
Ha CJIel{Y10mI1M l{eHb, el{Ba n05lBI1JII1Cb a3pOfIJIaHbI aBCT-
pl1HueB, HeCTepOB cpa3Y )Ke 6pOCI1JIC5I K CBoeMY annapaTY 11
CTaJI 6bICTpO Ha6IipaTb BbICOTY. IIOl{H5IBlliI1Cb Ha BbICOTY
2000 M, 01-1 HarHaJI aBCTpl1M:IJ.a caepxy 11 3a.l1eJI ero CBOIiM IIlac-
CI1. A3pOnJIaH npOTI1BHI1Ka CTpCMMTeJIbHO nOJIeTeJI BHI13. An-
napaT I-fecTepoBa nOCJIe 3Toro CTan CnIipaJIbHO cnYCKaTbC5I. Mbl
06PaLlOBaJII1Cb, 3Hat.ll1T OH :>KI1B Ii Bce HOpMaJIbHO. Ho eme Ha
60JIbIlIO 1 BbICOTe OH Bl{Pyr OnpOKI1HY JIC5I 11 KaMHeM fIOJIeTeJI B
60JIOTO eme 6bICTpee aBCTpl1Mua.
CHat.lana COpBaJIC5I C rreTeJIb MOTOp 11 rJIy60Ko YllieJI B 3eM-
Jno, 3aTeM BblnaJIO TeJIO 11, HaKoneu, rpoxHYJIaCb B 60JIOTO paMa.
110cJIe 3Toro ynaJI aBCTpl1HCKI1H a3pOfIJIaH.
HeCTepOB 6bIJI MepTB. OCMOTp TeJIa rrOKa3aJI CJIel{YJOIL{ee.
YJJ:ap HeCTepOBa ITO npOTI1BHI1KY 6bIJI paCCt.lI1TaH TOllHO H rrpo-
1i3Be.l1eH npaBI1JIbHO. 3TO .l1oKa3blBaeT nepBOHalIanbHOe CHIiJKe-
Hl1e a3pOTIJIaHa no 3apaHee 3al{aHHOH eMY cnJ1paJIl1. 1-fo anna-
paT B nOCJIe,n:III1H MOMeHT 6bIJI CJIYllaHHO 3a.l1eT nponCJIJIepOM
aBCTpHHCKoro a3pOnJIaHa. OT HeO)KI1.l1aHHOrO TOJIt.lKa I-lecTe-
pOB CJIOMan n03BOHOt.lHI1K 0 cnl111KY CBoeI'O CI1l{eHb5l. CMepTb
HacTynl1JIa MOMeHTaJIbHO.
06a aBCTpl1HCKHX JIeTQUKa TaKlKe norl16JII1. P5I.l10M C HHMI1
naIllJIH .l1Be 60M6bI».
A BOT t.lTO Hanl1CaJI nOCJIC rl16eJIl1 HeCTepOBa B pe.l1aKQl110
ra3eTbI I-foBoe npeM5I» EBrpacp KpYTeHb: «Bce MbI, noeHHble
JIeTt.lHKI1, YBepeHbI, t.lTO HeCTepOB He npOCTO BOTKHYJIC5I, 3alK-
MypMB rJIa3a, CBOI1M anrrapaTOM B HCnpl151TeJIbCKI1M, KaK Ka3a-
1914 lOa
129
JIOCb 110 nepBbIX ra3eTHhIX C006 eHHi1. ,l{JIH HeCTepOna 3TO 6bIJIO
6bI CJII1Il1KOM nJIOCKO. OH He CTaJI 6bI TaK TpaTHTb annapaT. On
3HaJI ce6e u:eHY, 3HaJI, qTO on HY)KeH aBl1aI l1l1 06 eCTBeHHoi1 H
BoeHHOH KaK JIeTtIl1K 11 KaK KOHCTPYKTOp. l-IeT, OH BbIIIOJIHI-IJI
CBOIO H.l{eIO, KOTOpYIO BbICKa3aJI Ha TOnapl111!eCKOM 06eJJ:e B faT-
ql1He HOCJIe CBoero 3aMeqaTeJIbHOrO nepeJIeTa Kl1eB - I1eTep-
6ypr B 18 qaCOB Bcero. all CKa3aJI: ,,51 He CPOKYCHI1K. MOH nep-
BM MepTBaH neT JI - JJ:OKa3aTeJIbCTBO MoeH TeOpJ1I1: B B03JJ:yxe
Be3.l{e onopa*. He06xo.l{HMO JIl111Ih caMo06JIaJ1aHl1e. fIepeJIeT
TaKoi1, KaK MOM, 6e3 BCHKHX npe.l{Bapl1TeJIbHbIX nO.l{roToBoK, CaMI1
3HaeTe, KaKoe I1MeeT 3HaqeHI1e Y Hac B BoeHHOH aBI1al{l1l1.
Tenepb MeHH 3aHI1MaeT MbICJIh 06 YHI1QTO)KCHHIi Henpl1H-
TeJIbCKI1X annapaTOB TapaHHbIM cnoc060M, nOJIb3YHCb 6bICT-
POXO.l{HOCTbIO 11 6bICTpOnO.l{'beMHOCTblO a3pOnJIana. HanpHMep,
YJ1apI1B Ha JIeTY CBOl1M IUaCCI1 Henpl1 TeJIbCKI1H annapaT
cBepxy" .
MbI yqacTHI1KH 06elta, 6bIJII1 3aXBaQeHbI ero H,lI,Cew. TaK
IlpoCTo!..
KaK 3a ltBa ro.na J10 neTJII1, rOBopH 0 Hew, HeCTepOB 11 nOKa-
3aJI ee Ha npaKTI1Ke, TaK l1 Tenepb HeCTepOB He rOBOpl1JI Ha Be-
Tep. 12 Ma 3Toro rOl(a OH CKa3aJI 0 60e, a 26 aBrYCTa 3TO 11
6bIJIO 11M npl1BeltenO B HCnOJIHeHHe...
· KOrJla aapOIlJlallbl OIlCpl hlC lIaLfaJlH 1I0JlIIHMaTbCSI 0 OO JJ1YX, UOIiPOC 0 HX
YCTOHLf IDOCTH CTaJlllaJ;lI a)KIICHIIIHM. KOIICTPYKTOPbl H JICTLfHKH CTpCMUJUICb
K IICllpCMCllllOMY coxpallCIiHIO ropH30llTaJlbilOrO 110JIO)KCIHUI allllapaTa H
6hlCTporo BbipaBIiHoallHSt cro II CJrYLfa x 1I0BopOTa H lIaKJIOIIOlJ. Alillapa1'bl C
CCTCCTBCIIiIOH YC1'OHLfHlJOCTbIO, Clloco611blC CIiOKOiillO IIJlallHpOI aTb J(IDKC IIPH
lJblKJIIOLfCllliOM MOTOpc 6hlJIH K 1912 r. Y)KC 1I0CTpOClibi. OJlIlaKO HCCTCpOB,
CllatfaJla paCCLfH1'aB H 3aTCM J10Ka iaB lIa IIpaKT t KC cBotic1'OO a p(}IIJlalla 6C30-
lIaCIIO 0030palJ(aThC 0 IIOJIO)KCIIHC IIpaBHJlbllOrO 1I0JICTa H3 BCSlKoro Jlpyro-
1'0, CJ1CJlaJI rHraIlTCK 1 i iliaI' UIICpCJl 0 pa3BHTHH aO tallHH. Ero 4:MCpTUaSt IIC1'-
JISt. O:illaLfaJla, LfTO alillapaT MO)KCT JICTCTb IIp}lMO BOCPX, 3aTCM OlipOKI1I1YTh-
CR (!) H JICTCTb ..011113 rOJloBo i»" H IIOCJIC Bccro ncpllYTbC}I B HCXOJlIlOC IIOJIO-
)f(CIIHC.l(JISI CIiCIlHaJIHCTOB -)T() O illaLfaJIO IlCJIY'O pCBOJIlOIlHIO. A JUISI CTaphlX
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lllHIIIKCBHLf: «Ollhl1'hl I30CllllbiX JICTLfIiKOB, IIOJl0611blC TOMY, J<OTOpblii IIpO-
JlCJlaJl 11ccTcpon, 6CCIIOJIC3I1bl... Hailic l{cllTpaJlhlloc y"paOJICIIHCOTpUllaTCJlb-
110 OTIIOCHTCSI K IIOJl0611blM BbICTY"JICIIII}lM BOCIIIILIX JICTLfHI(OB . 3JlCCh 1\10)1(-
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TOM B JICIII1I1 rpaJlc.
5 ABHaUHSI BeJlHKOH BOHHbl
130
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H TaK, Hat.IaJIO 6051 B B03.n;yxe nOJIO)KeHO...
TIOpyt.II1K KpYTeHb».
9 ceumR6pR - DeJIbrHi1cKa.H apMl1.H coneprnaeT HOBYIO BO-
efIHYIO BbIJIa3KY 113 AHTBepneHa.
YTpOM MOJlbTKe OT.n;aeT npl1Ka3 0 CPOQHOM C6J1I1)KeHI1I1 1- M
11 2-i1 repMaHCKHX apMI1i1.
fepMaHcKHH a3pOnJIaH Tay6e» 60M611JI ropo.n; HaHcl1.
BMeCTe C 60M6aMI1 c6paCbIBaJII1Cb JII1CTOBKI1 CJIe.n;YIOrn;ero co-
.n;ep)KaHI1.H: )KeJIaeM Bcero .n;06poro )KI1TeJI.HM HaHUHra, KO-
TopbIe CKOpO c.n;eJIaIOTC.H repMaHCKI1MH nOMaHHbIMI1. MbI 113-
BI1H.HeMC.H 3a 3TOT HeCKOJIbKO 3KCl1eHTpl1t.IeCKI1i1 cnoc06 peKO-
MeH,n:aUI1J1 60M6aMI1 H ny JI.HMI1. CKOpO MbI n03HaKOMJ1MCSI
n06JII1)Ke. J1ei1TeHaHTbI BI1MMep H lllnei1.n;ep, BOeHI-IbIe aBl1a-
TOpbI H3 CTpac6ypra . Ha 06paTHOM nYTI1 a3pOnJIaH 6bIJI C611T
<ppaHUY3CKoi1 3eHI1THoi1 apTHJIJIepl1ei1; 06a JIeTlIl1Ka norH6JIH.
Bocm01.l:1-l0eBpOneUCKUU meamp
8-51 repMaHCKa.H apMH.H nepeiliJIa B HacTyn,JIeHMe Ha 1-10
PYCCKYIO. Ha IOro-3ana,n:HoM <ppoHTe 4-51 PYCCKa.H apl\1I1.H aTa-
KOBaJIa aBCTpl1HueB Ha 26-TIi KM yqaCTKe <ppoHTa nOCJIe CI1JIb-
HOM apTHJIJIepHi1cKoM nO,l{rOTOBKI1. K Bet.Iepy HacTynl1JI nepe-
JIOM, COnpOTI1BJIeHHe aBCTpl1MueB 6bIJIO CJIOMJIeHO, 3aXBa'leHO
MHoro nJIeHHbIX 11 30 oPYJJ:I1i1.
10 ceumR6pR - B 18.00 <ppaHUY3CKaH rJIaBHaH KBapTlipa
OT.n;aeT npl1Ka3 0 nOp.H.n;Ke npeCJIe)IOBaHI1.H OTXO.n;.HIIU1X repMaH-
CKJ1X apMI1i1.
3CKal(p11JIb.H fappo nepeMell{aeTC.H B CeH-CynliH.
BocmO 1/,OeBpOneUC'Kuu meamp
K YTPy 4 -51 Ii 9-51 pYCCKlie apMI1H npo,n;BMHY JIHCb BI1epe.n; Ha
7 -9 KM Ii, Hat.IaB npeCJIe,l(onalIHe 1-11 aBcTpMMCKOM apMI1H, B
TeqeHJ1e I]JISI npo,n;BHraIOTC.H ern;e na 30-32 KM.
11 CeUmR6pR - Pacnop5DKeHJ1C repMaHCKoro KOMaH){OBa-
HH.H 0 nepe6pocKe 7-i1 apMI1H K p. 3n. MOJIbTKe npH6bIBaeT B
llITa6 S-i1 repMaHcKoi1 apMJ1H 11 npl10CTaHaBJII1naeT aTaKY <pop-
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1914 lOa
131
... BOCm01l1l0e8pOneUCKUU meamp
IIepe.n; cppOHTOM 8-H apMHM B fpO.n;eKCKOM paHOHe PYCCKM
aBHaUHH 06HapY)KHJIa cOCpe.n;OTO\{eHHe KpynHbIx CHJI npOTHB-
HMKa. 5J1arO.n;apH 3THM CBe.n;eHHHM KOMaHJlOBaHHIO CTaJIO HCHO,
qTO aBCTpO-BeHrepCKHe BOHCKa rOTOBHT KOHTpy.n;ap no l{eHTpy
apMHH C ueJlbIO nOCJIe.n;YIOIl!erO 3aXBaTa JIbBOBa. CTHHYB pe-
3epBbI Ha yrpO)KaeMOe HanpaBJleHHe, pYCCKHe C paCCBeTOM 12
ceHTH6pH BHe3anHO nepellIJlH B HacTynJleIlHe.
5pYCHJlOB: OKOJlO nOJly.n;HH... MHOH 6bIJlO nOJIyqeHO 110-
HeceHHe reHepa.n:a Pa.n;KO- ,l{MHTpHeBa, \{TO ero B03.n;YllIHa$l pa..1-
Be.n;Ka BbI$lCHHJIa: HeCKOJlbKO 60JlbllII1X KOJlOHH CT$lrMBaIOTC$I K
rpo.n;eKY H, OqeBH.n;HO, UellTp THiKeCTH 60$1 nepeHOCHTC$I K Ha-
llIeMY UeHTPY. 113 3THX CBe.n;eHHH 6bIJlO $ICHO, qTO... aBCTpHHUbI
npe,n:nOJlaraIOT np06HTb MOM UeHTP, pa3pe3aTb apMHIO nono-
JlaM H no 6J1HJKHeM 110pore OT rpo.n;eKa KO JIbBOBY 3aXBaTHTb
3TOT BaJKHbIH 3,l{MHHHCTpaTHBHbIM H nOJIHTHqeCKHM nYHKT. 3TO
Qpe3BbIQaHHO BaJKHOe H cBoeBpeMeHHoe ,n:oHeceHMe, KOTopoe
TOJlbKO H MOrJlO 6bITb BbIHCHeHO B03.n;YllIHOH pa3Be.n;Koti, .n;aJIO
MHe B03MO)KHOCTb CT$lHYTb Bce MOW pC3epBbI K VII H VIII KOp-
nycaM...
MHOM 6bIJIO npHKa3ano VII H VIII KopnycaM, YCHJIeHHbIM...
pe3epBaMH, nepeHTH B HacTynJleHHe. He nOToMY, QTO OHM TYT
JKe pa3rpOMHT HenpH$lTeJIbCKHe nOJlQHIl{a, cocpe.n;OTOtIeHHbIe
npOTMB HHX, HO B Ha.n;eJK,n:e, tITO TaKoe HacTynJleHHe HMelIHO B
TOM MeCTe, r.n;e aBCTpHMUbI paCCtIHTbIBaJIH HeOJKl1J{aHHO HaHe-
CTM HaM BcecoKpyrnaIOIl{HM y.n;ap, c06beT HX C TOJlKY .
12 ceHmR6pR - 1-$1 repMaHCKM apMHH OTOllIJla na npa-
BbIH 6eper p. 311. 50H Ha p. BeJIb. BHOBb B03HHKaeT 6pellib
MeJK11Y 1-M H 2-M repMaHCKMMH apMHHMH.
)Ko<p<pp OT.n;aeT npMKa3: CpaiKeHHe, .n;JIHBIIICeC$I B Te\{e-
Hue nSiTH .n;HeH, 3aKOHqHJlo.Cb HeCOMHeHHOH n06e.n;oH. 1-H, 2-$1
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XO.n;UTb Ha ceBep... *
3cK3.Jtp HJlbH rappo nepeMeIl{aeTcH CHatIana B BHJIJlep- KOT-
· I1MCIlIiO 0 3T01' 43-« JlCltb DOHllbl, COrJlaCIlO IIJlaliaM rcpMalicKoro KOMall-
JlOnaluul, JlOJl)Klla 6b1J1a lIattaTbCJlllcpc6pocKa rcpMallCKHX DOMCK lIa PYCCKU ti
$poUT IIOCJIC 1I0JIIIOI'(> p33rpOMa cppalillyacKux apMHit
132
ABUa UJl BellU1COU BOUllbl
pe, 3aTeM ee nepe.n:alOT B paCnOp JKeHHe 6eJIbrHHCKOrO BOI1-
CKOBOrO nO.n:pa3.n:eJIeHH , KOTOpbIM KOMaH.n:yeT reHepaJI .n:'Yp-
6aJIb.
Bocm01l1l0e8pOneuc1CUU meamp
B HOQb Ha{{HHaeTC o6Il{ee oTcTynJIeHHe aBCTpHHueB Ha
IOro-3ana.n:HoM <ppOHTe. B03.n:YllIHa pa3Be.n:Ka YCTaHOBHJla,
tJTO aBCTpHHCKMe BOHCKa oTcTynaIOT 3a p. Bepell Hua, npl1tJeM
HaCTOJlbKO nOCnellIHO, {{TO 6pOCaIOT 60eBYIO TeXHHKY. B 3TOT
JKe .n:eHb pYCCKHe BOHCKa 3aH JlM PaBY- PYCCKYIO.
13 ceHmR6pR - CpaJKeHHe Ha p. 3H, aHrJlo-<ppaHUY3cKMe
BOHCKa pa3BOpaQHBaIOT HaCT)'nJIeHHe MeJKJJ:Y 1-H H 2-H repMaH-
CKHMH apMH MH. XIII <PpaHUY3CKHH Kopnyc nepe6pacbIBaeT-
C K Ya3e. 5- H 6- <ppaHUY3cKMe M 3Kcne.n:MUMOHHaH aHrJlHH-
CKaH apMMH nepexo.n: T p. 3H.
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Q:>OpcHpoBaHHbIM MaprneM BbIXO.n:HT Ha KpaoHcKoe nJlaTO H Ha
BH.n:y y npoTMBHHKa 3aHHMaeT cTpaTerHlIeCKH BaJKHbIe BbICO-
TbI lllMeH- .n:e-.l!aM.
BeJIbrMHCKa apMH B03Bpa aeTc B AHTBepneH.
AHrJlMHCKM no,n:BOJJ;lIM Jlo.n:Ka E-9 nOTOnMJla repMaH-
CKHH JlerKHH KpeHcep XeJla .
14 ceHmR6pR .- EOM Ha BblCOTax lIlMeH-.n:e-.l!aM. ITocJIe.n:-
Hee pacnOp JKeHHe reHepaJla MOJlbTKe: OTBO.n: 1-H repMaHcKoH
apMHH K JIa-<I>epy (He BbIIIOJlHeHO). CpaJKeHHe Ha KpaOHCKOM
nJIaTO: XVII I Kopnyc 3aXBaTbIBaeT BbICOTbI IllMeH- .n:e- .l!aM.
ITo.n:xo.n: XV repMaHcKoro Kopnyca M cTa6HJlH3aUH nOJlOJKe-
HI1 .
MOJlbTKe oTcTpaHeH OT .n:OJlJKHOCTH H 3aMeHeH <I>aJIbKeH-
xaHHoM* .
Y.n:eT: qBpeMeHaMM MbI BCTpellaJIH npoTHBHHKa. Ho MbI,
nMJlOTbI a3pOnJIaHOB-pa3Be.n:tJMKOB, He MOrJIH npH{{HHHTb .n:pyr
.n:pyry HMKaKoro Bpe.n:a. Y Hac Ha 60PTY nOtJTM He 6bIJlO HMKa-
· <1>aJlbKCIiXaHII 3pJ1X q>oll (1861-1922) - rcpMallCKI1 i rCllcpaJl. B 1913-
1914 IT. BOCllllblH MHIIJ1CTp rCpMalll1J1, B 1914-1916 rr. - lIa aJlblll1K [CII-
IIITa6a. CII}lT IIOCJIC .BCpJtCIiCKOH M}lcopy6KJ1 . B 1916-1918IT. KOMan/lonaJI
apMI1CH B PYMbIIlHJ1, 3aTCM 0 TYPllI1H.
1914 lOa
133
Kord 0PYJKHSI H 06e CTOpOHbI 3TO 3HaJIH. ll03TOMY MbI pacxo-
JU1JIHCb KaK Kopa6JIH Ha Mope. C HaqaJIOM oceHH BOMHa B B03-
,n:yxe CTaHOBHJIaCb Bce 60JIee JKeCTOKOM. llonaqaJIY C a3pOnJIa-
HOB Ha BOHCKa BHli3Y CTaJIH MeTaTb CTaJIbHbIe CTpCJIbI. CeMqaC
Ha"laJIH H3rOTaBJIHBaTb 60M6bI, B03,n:eMCTBHe KOTOpbIX 6bIJIO
nO"lTH paBHO 3<p<peKTY OT pa3pbIBa CHapSl,n:OB. J!JISI Toro, "IT06bI
nopa3HTb npOTHBHHKa B03MOJKHOCTSlMH 3Toro HOBoro li306pe-
TeHHSI, 14 ceHTH6pSl 6bIJI npe,n:npHHSlT B03,n:YllIHbIM HaJIeT Ha
oeJIb<pop, B KOTOpOM Y"IaCTBOBaJIH Bce HMeIOI..U.HeCH B HaJIH"IMH
a3pOnJIaHbI .
15 ceHmR6pR - IIo,n:xo,n: XII repMaHcKoro Kopnyca H KOIlTp-
HacTynJIeHHe 2-M repMaHcKoH apMHI1 Ha KpaoHcKoM nJIaTO.
)Ko<p<pp OT,n:aeT npHKa3 0 npeKpaI..U.eHHH HacTynJIeHMSI Ha
p. 3H.
BOCmOllJlOeBpOneUCKUU meamp
3aBepllIHJIaCb BOCTOqHO- llpYCCKM Onepau,HSI.
BHOBb neperpynnHpoBaBlllHcb, repMaHcKHe BOMcKa BblTec-
HHJIH 113 BOCTO"lHOH llpYCCHH 1-10 PYCCKYIO apMHIO.
JIIO,n:eH,n:op<p: PeHHeHKaMn<p KaK 6y,n:TO Bo06I..U.e He ,n:YMaJI
o cepbe3HOM conpOTHBJIeHHH. Bo BCSlKOM cJIyqae, OH O"leHb
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16 ceHmR6pR - Ha C/Jpa'flUJj3CKoM meampe BoeHHbIX ,n:eH-
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CTOpOH 3a OTKpbITbIe <pJIaHrH.
17 ceHmR6pR - Ha fHH,n:eH6ypra, B03rJIaBHBllIero BHOBb
C03,n:aHHYIO B KeHHrc6epre 9-10 apMI1IO, H Ha 8-10 apMHIO reHe-
paJIa lIIy6epTa B03JIaraeTCSI PYKOBOJlCTBO onepau,HHMI1 Ha BO-
CTOKe.
22 ceHmR6pR - fepMaHcKM no,n:Bo,n:HaH JIo,n:Ka U -9. no-
TOnMJIa TPH aHrJIHHCKHX 6pOHeHOCu,a: A6YKHp., Xor. Ii
KpeccH .
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BbIJIa3KY H3 KpenOCTH AHTBepneH BO BpeMSI YCTaHOBKH nepe.n:
HeH repMaHCKHMH BOHCKaMH TSI)KeJIhIX 6aTapeH.
134
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<ppOHT no MaaCCKHM BblCOTaM.
26 ceHmR6pR - Ha BocmOll1/.0e8pOneUCKOA-t meampe 3aBep-
IllHJIaCb faJIHUHHCKM onepaUH .
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HHe B pa3BepHYBllIeMc Ha cppoHTe CBbIllie 400 KM onepaUHH,
HaqaBIlleWC eIl{e 18 aBrycTa. PyccKMe BOHcKa 3aH JIH fa.nH-
U,HIO M 6JIOKHpOBaJIH aBcTpHMCKYIO KpenocTb TIepeM bI III JIb,
MMelOll.{YIO 120-TbIC qHbIH rapHM30H.
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v v
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aJIaCb 06cTaHoBKa Ha <ppoHTe, CHCTeMaTHt.JeCKH JJ;OCTaBJI JIHCb
KOMaHJJ;OBaHHIO CBeJJ;eHH 0 HanpaBJIeHH X OTXOJJ;a M nYHKTax
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28 ceH11UI.6pR - Haqa.no repMaHcKoM aTaKH IOrO-BOCTOq-
Horo ceKTopa nepHMeTpa KpenOCTH AHTBepneH. EeJIbrMHCKM
neXOTa OTXOJJ;HT Ha JIHHHIO <pOpTOB.
Pa3pYllIHTeJIbHOe JJ;eHcTBMe CHap JJ;OB repMaHcKoH T )Ke-
JIOW apTHJIJIepMH npH 06CTpeJIe JIbe:>Ka, HaMlOpa, M06ejKa M
u
JJ;pyrHx YKpenJIeHHbIX nYHKTOB He MOrJIO BbI3bIBaTb COMHeHMH
OTHOCHTeJIbHO TOH yqaCTM, KOTOpM O)KHJJ;aeT AHTBepneH. EbIJIO
.RCHO, qTO BonpeKH 06menpHH TOMY K Haqany nepBOW MMpO-
OJ v v
BOH BOHHbI MHeHHIO, HHKaKMe KpenOCTH npH COBpeMeHHOH
apTHJIJIepHH Y:>Ke He MOryT .HBJI TbC y6e:>KHmeM.
BOCm01lHOeepOneu.c'KUU meamp
Ha\{HHaeTC I1BaHropo.l1-BapllIaBcKasI onepanH ; repMaHo-
v v
aBcTpHMcKHe BOHCKa nepexo T B HacTynJIeHHe H, He BCTpe-
tIM cepbe3Horo conpOTHBJIeHH , npOJJ;BHraIOTC B HanpaBJIe-
HMM peK BMCJIbI H CaH.
113 ra3eTbI: ...B cy660Ty, OKOJIO 2 qaCOB JJ;H Hal{ BapllIaBOH
CTan KPY:>KMTb 60JIbllIOH repMaHCKMH a3pOnJIaH. nepBOHat.JaJIb-
1914 lOa
135
HO OH Jiep)KaJlC5I 60JIbIIIOM, He.l(OC5IraeMOW ,l(JUI BbICTpeJIOB, BbI-
COTbI, 3aTeM OnYCTHJIC5I rOpa3.l(O HHIKe, TaK qTO npOCTbIM rJla-
30M MO)KHO 6bIJIO paCCMOTpeTb ero KOHCTPYKUMI1. BOCnOJIb30-
BaBIIIMCb aTHM CJIyqaeM, BoeHHble CTaJlM C .n:BYX CTOpOH 06CTpe-
JIHBaTb ero. Bce HaCeJIeHMe ropO.l(a BbICblnaJIO Ha Y JII1l.{bI M C
)f(ryt.{MM HHTepeCOM HaqaJIO CJle,l(HTb 3a pa3bIrpaBllIeHC5I B B03-
,l(yxe pe.l(KOM, He6bIBaJIOM KapTMHOM. KaHOHaJ{a npo,l(OJI)KaJIaCb
OKOJIO nOJIyqaca. OrJIYIIIMTeJIbHble BbICTpeJIbI paCKaTbIBaJlMCb
no BceM BapllIaBe. C 6aJIKOHOB, H3 OKOH, C nJIO aJ{OK TpaMBaCB,
C MOCTOBbIX - OTOBCIO,l(Y IKaJ{HO CJIe.l(MJIH 3a OTqMHHbIM, ,l(ep3-
KHM aBHaTopOM. Y Bcex 6bIJIO TOJIbKO O,l(HO )KeJIaHHe BnOJIHe
nOH5ITHOe npM HaCT05II.QHX TpeBO)KHbIX BpeMeHax: qTo6bI BbICT-
peJIbI .l(OCTHrJIH, HaKOHeu, CBoeM ueJIM. ABHaTOp c,l(eJIaJI nonbIT-
KY B3JIeTeTb BbIllIe, HO aapOnJIaH, nO-BHJU1MOM)T, Y)Ke nJIOXO no-
BMHOBaJIC5I e AnnapaT CTaJIO 3aMeTHO KpeHHTb. E e HeCKOJIb-
KO BbICTpeJIOB, M aapOnJIaH nJIaHHpYIO MM cnYCKOM HatIaJI M.l(TH
BHH3, no HanpaBJIeHHIO K MOKOTOBCKOMY nOJIIO.
- llO.l(6MT! I10.l(6HT! - pa.l(OCTHO 3ary)(eJla TOJIna napo)!a.
Bce 06JIeNeHHO B3.l(OXHYJIM: O.l(HHM, OqeHb onaCHbIM Bpa-
rOM CTaJIO MeHbllIe. BOJIblllHHCTBO ny6JIMKI1 Ha TpaMBa5lX, na
H3B03qHKaX M npOCTO rrellIKOM nOCnCllIl1JIH no HanpaBJIeHHIO
onYCKaBllIerOC5I repMaHua...»
3aKOH1JMJIC5I BTOpOM MeC5Iu BOHHbI, BeCbMa 60raTbIH C06bI-
TH5IMH 11 npMHeCIlIHH HOBbIe pe3Y JlbTaTbI.
fJIaBHbIM .l(OCTH)KeHMeM aBMaUHM B STOM MeC5Iue 5IBJI5IeTC5I
ycnex <ppaHUY3CKHX nHJIOTOB-pa3Be)J:1JHKOB. <I>paHUY3CKl1e
aBl1aTOpbI BCKpbIJIM ,l(BM)KeHHe repMaHCKI1X BOHCK K MapHe, a
He K llapH)KY, KaK npe.l(nOJIaraJIO <ppaHUY3CKoe rJIaBHOe KOMaH-
.l(OBaHMe. 3TO 06CT05lTeJIbCTBO OKa3aJIO Ba)f(HeHIUee BJIM5IHMe
Ha BeCb ,l(aJIbHeHllIl1H XO,l( 60eBbIx .l(eHCTBHH.
TaK)Ke 60JIbllIHX ycnexoB .l(OCTMrJIa aBMapa3Be.l(Ka 11 Ha
BOCTOqHOM <ppoHTe. B aTOM MeC5Il.{e Ha IOro-3anClJ(HoM <pPOH-
Te PYCCKM aBMapa3Be,l(Ka nOMOrJIa BCKpbITb CTpaTerM\IeCKI1e
nJIaHbI repMaHCKoro KOMaH)(OBaHH5I B paHoHe rpO,l(eKcKOH no-
3MUMM. fenepaJI BpYCI1JIOB, B nepBbIH IKe MeC5IU BOMHbI Ol.le-
HHBllIMH: 3Ha1JCHMe B03.n:YIlIHOM pa3Be.l(KI1, CMor npe)I,OTBpaTI1Tb
KaTacTpo<PY nOJ(06HYIO TOW, B KaKYIO nonaJI renepaJI Ca fCO-
136
A8Ua UR BeJlU1COU 80U1l'bl
HOB, BeCbMa CKenTH'IeCKH OTHOCHBIIIHHC K JJ-OHeCeHMHM PYC-
CKHX aBHaTOpOB.
O.n:HaKO B STOT nepHO.n: BOHHbI e e JJ-aJIeKO He Bce PYCCKHe
BOeHa'IaJIbHHKH pa3JJ-eJIHJIM OTHOIIIeHHe EpYCHJIOBa K B03MOJK-
HOCT M aBHaQHH. HanpHMep, KOMaHJJ:OBaHHe 3-H apMHH He
06paTHJIO JJ-OJIJKHOrO BHHMaHHH Ha JJ:OHeceHH CBOHX B03JJ:YIII-
HbIX pa3BeJJ-QHKOB 0 CKOnJIeHI1H Ha ee cppOHTe KpynHbIx rep-
MaHCKHX CHJI. B pe3YJIbTaTe YJJ:apHOH rpynnHpoBKM MaKeH3e-
Ha, YJJ-aJIOCb npopBaTb PYCCKHH cppOHT H BbIHYJJ:MTb PYCCKMX
OTOHTM M3 [aJIHQHH.
OJJ-HaKO, 6bITb MOJKeT, ropa3JJ-0 60JIee BaJKHbIM HTorOM STO-
ro Mec Qa CJIeJJ:yeT C'IHTaTb TOT cpaKT, \lTO BoeHHoe KOMaHJJ-O-
BaHHe 06eHx BOIOIO HX CTOpOH OC03HaJIO, HaKoHeQ, \lpe3BbI-
qa:HHYIO BaJKHOCTb eII1e OJJ-HOH cpYHKUHH aBHaQHH. Bo BpeM
pa3Be,n:KH B TbIJIY npOTHBHI1Ka Y aBHaTopoB HeH36eJKHO B03HH-
KaJIO JKeJIaHHe, BHJJ- CKOnJIeHHH HenpH TeJIbCKHX BOMcK, 0PY-
JJ:I1H H SllIeJIOHOB, 6pOCHTb XOT 6bI rpaHaTY. B TO BpeM KaK
cppaHUY3CKHe H PYCCKHe aBHaTopbI 6pOCaJIH C aSpOnJIaHOB He-
60JIbIIIOe KOJIH'IeCTBO JIerKHX 60M6 MHMOXOJJ:OM, B fepMaHHH B
ceHT 6pe no npHKa3Y BepxoBHoro KOMaHJJ:OBaHH C03JJ-aeTC
60M6apJJ-HpOBO'IHa sCKaJJ:pa nOJJ- ceKpeTHbIM Ha3BaHMeM
Brieftauben Abteilung Ostende (BAO) - OT eJIeHHe rOJIY-
6HHOM nOtJTbI. OCTeHJJ:e .
KeJIJIep: CHaqaJIa nJIaHHpOBaJIOCb HanpaBHTb JJ:eHcTBHH
oTpHJJ-a 60M6apJJ:HpOBII1HKOB npoTHB AHrJIHI1. Ho TaKoe pellIe-
HMe 6bIJIO npeJKJJ:eBpeMeHHbIM Hero He YJJ-aJIOCb npHBeCTH B
HCnOJIHeHHe 3a HeJJ-OCTaTKOM aSpOnJIaHOB H H3-3a JJ:aJIbHOCTH
paCCTO HH , OTJJ-eJI BIIIerO Hac OT aHrJIHHCKOro 6epera. OTP JJ:
BAO COCTO JI H3 JIYtJllIMX M caMbIX onbITHbIX JIeTtJHKOB Bcex
aBHaQaCTeH. EMY 6bIJI npeJJ:OCTaBJIeH cneQHaJIbHbI:H JKeJIe3HO-
JJ:OpOJKHbIH noe3JJ- (cnaJIbHbIe BaroHbl) JJ:JI 60JIbllIeH ero nOJJ:-
BHJKHOCTH, H CHatJaJIa OH 6bIJI pa3Me eH Ha aspoJtpoMe BO
cD JIaHJJ:pHM. OTcIO.lta OTP JJ: npeJJ:npHH JI CBOH nepBbIe nOJIeTbI
Ha l!IoHKl1pXeH H JJ-PyrHe ueJII1 nepeJJ: cppOHTOM 4-H apMHI1...
TaK)f(e HCKaJIH B03MOJKHOCTI1 3aHHMaTbC 60M60MeTaHH-
eM C aSpOnJIaHOB If B POCCI1H, HMeBllIeH nepBbIH B MMpe T iKe-
JIbIH MHorOMOTopllbIH JIeTaTeJIbHbIH annapaT, HaH60JIee npl1-
1914 lOa
137
rOtJ;HlnM npe)K,l{e BCerO HMeHHO tJ;JI 60M6oMeTaHM B He,l(OcTyn-
v
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MatIaBapHaHH: MbI nOJI)"IHJlH 60M6bI reJInapa - nepBbIe
aBHal.(HOHHhIe 6oM6bI. TIpe.n:CTaBhTe ce6e aJIIOMHHHeBYIO Q:>JI iK-
KY, TOJIbKO He CnJIIOIl{eHHYIO, a rpymeBHtJ;HYIO, B rOpJIbIIlIKO
KOTOpOH BCTaBJIeHO iKaJIO, coetJ;HHMTeJlbHOe npHcnoco6JIeHI1e
C KanCIOJleM H npe,l(OXpaHHTeJIb B BHtJ;e pa3pe3HOH tIeKH. CTa-
6HJIM3aTOpOM CJIY)KHJla CYKOHHasI JIeHTa OKOJIO nOJIYTopa MeT-
pOB tJ;JIHHOH 11 tJ;B3J(QaTM n TH MHJIJIHMeTpOB IIlHpHHOH. BecH-
JIa aTa 60M6a OKOJIO 600 r. H 3aKJIIOtIaJIa B ce6e OKOlIO 300 r.
06bIKHoBeHHoro PY)KeHHOrO tJ;bIMHoro nopoxa! Ha CKaKOBOM
Kpyre, CJlYiKHBIlIeM HaM aapOtJ;pOMOM, 6bIJIO np0113Be,n:eHO HC-
nbITaHHe. BbI6paJIH MeCTO nOtJ;aJIbllIe OT 3tJ;aHI1H H aapOnJlaHOB,
OtlepTHJIH Kpyr-neJIb paaHYCOM B 5 M. .l!oJlro 06CYiKtJ;aJIH, C Ka-
KOH BbICOTbI c6pacbIBaTb, tITo6bI pa3pbIBOM He nOBpetJ;HTb aapo-
nJlaH, H pellIMJlH - He HHiKe 300 M.
AapOnJIaH B3J1eTeJI, Ha 60PTY JIeTtlHK-HCnbITaTeJIb tJ;epiKaJI
KapToHHYIO Kopo6KY C llIeCTbIO 6oM6aMH. Ha6J1IO,n:aIOIl{He pac-
nOJIOiKHJlHCb nO,l(aJIbIlIe OT neJIH H 3aMepJlH B OiKHtJ;aHHH MOIl{-
Horo B3pbIBa.
BOT OT aapOnJIaHa oTtJ;eJIHJlaCb 60M6a, neCKOJIhKO pa3 ne-
peKYBbIpHYJIaCb, HO, HanpaBJI eMCUI JleHTOH -cTa6J1JIH3aTOpOM,
BbInpaBHJIacb. Y,l(apHBIlIHCb 0 3eMJlIO nOtJ;cKOtIHJIa 11 pa30pBa-
JlaCb. rYCTOH ,n:bIM CTOJI6oM... HH B3MeTHYBllIeHC 3eMJIH, HH
cOTp ceHHH B03,l(yxa, a 3BYK - 6YtJ;TO OT 60JlbIlIOH eJIOtIHOH
XJIOnYlli KH!
KortJ;a 40TXJIOnaJIH Bce meCTb 60M6, MbI KHHYJIHCb K neJlH.
BOKPyr BaJIHJIHCb nOtlepHeBllIHe, CHJlbHO pa3tJ;YTbIe, C JIOnHYB-
IllHMH CTeHKaMH 060JIOllKH 60M6 co BceMH ,n:eTaJI MH, BKJIIO-
tIaH H CYKoHHbIe JIeHTbI. Ha MeCTe nepBOHatIaJIbHOrO conpM-
KOCHOBeHH C 3eMJIeH - HerJly6oKI1e BbIcepe6peHbIe aJIIOMH-
HHeM iKeJIo6KH.
BeceJlo nOCMeHJIHCb, no tlTo6bI He tJ;OCTaBJI Tb TaKoro iKe
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CbIBaTb...
Qepe3 tJ;eHb H3 IIITa6a 3-ro Kopnyca B OTp )I. BMJIC BoeHHbIH
HHiKeHep nopyqHK Ta'paCOB C 60M6aMH CBoeM KOHCTpYKnHM.
138
A8Ua UJl BellUKOU 60UHbl
11306peTeHHe I1pe,n:CTaBJUIJIO C060H )KeCTRHOH I.J;HJIHH,n:p,
OXBaTbIBalOInHH ,n;Be KaBaJIepHHCKHe I1HpOKCHJIMHOBbIe mam-
KH, C O]JHHM B3pbIBaTeJIeM H OCe,n;aIOInHM Ha Hero )f(aJIOM co
B3Bo,n:or (. HH cTa6HJIH3aTOpa, HH I1pe,n;oxpaHHTeJIR OT CJIY1J:aH-
Horo CI1jCKa )KaJIa He 6bIJIO. IIpI1 ,n:eRTeJIbHOM yqaCTHH JIeT1J:H-
KOB H TeXHHKOB B TeqeHHe 2-x ,n;HeH I1pOH3BO,n;HJIOCb ycoBep-
meHCTBOBaHHe...
IIo e,n:HHo,n;ymHoMY pemeHHIO c6pacbIBaTb 60M6bI ,n;OJI)KeH
6bIJI caM H306peTaTeJIb. IIepe,n; BbIJIeTOM KOHCTPYKTOP 6bIJI
npe,n;ynpe)K,n;eH 0 He06xo,n;HMOCTH C06JIIO,n;aTb OCTOpO)KHOCTb
npH c6pacbIBaHHM 60M6, ,n;a6bI He yro,n:HTb B CBOH BHHT HJIH B
paCtJaJIKH XBOCTOBOH <pepMbI. DbIJIO TaK)Ke 06YCJIOBJIeHO, qTO
Bce 60M6bI ,n;OJI)KHbI 6bITb c6pomeHbI Ha HeMeQKOH CTopOHe...
AapOI1JIaH B3JIeTeJI. O,l(HY 60M6y TapaCOB ,n;ep)KaJI B PYKax,
eIUe ,n:Be JIe)KaJIH Y Hero Ha KOJIeHRX. IIepeJIeTeB JII1HHIO <pPOH-
Ta, HaMeTHB H YKa3aB H306peTaTeJIIO 06'beKT, JIeT1J:I1K TpH)K,l(bI
npOJIeTeJI H3.,ZJ; HHM H no,n;HRJI PYKY - c6paCbIBaTb. B HalI,e)K,l(e
06HapY)KHTb MeCTa I10na,n;aHHH 60M6 I10CJIe Ka)K,l(OrO 3axo,n:a
JIeTtJHK KPY)KHJI H3.L( QeJIblO, HO HHtJero He 06HapY)KHJI. ITocJIe
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nOJIeTeJI 06paTHO...
O,n:HaKO, no,n;PYJIHB K MeCTY CTORHKH, OH YBH,l(eJI Bce TPH
60M6bI B PYKax KOHCTpYKTopa. I1HJKeHep otJeHb no,n:po6HO
06'b}lCHRJI, tJTO qeKH Ha Bcex 60M6ax 3aeJIO, tJTO Koe-tJTO HY)K-
HO ,l(Opa60TaTb, H3MeHI1Tb... MbI He CnOpHJIH... Ho OT ero npe,l(-
JIOJKeHHR OCTaBHTb 60M6bI Y Hac OTKa3aJIHCb. MbI npe,l(OCTa-
BMJII1 B pacnOp )KeHHe KOHCTpYKTopa JIerKOBOH: aBTOM06I1JIb
.lI.JI}I B03BpaIUeHI1 B IlITa6 Kopnyca, HaKa3aB Illo<pepy exaTb
OCTOpOiKHO H, H36aBH 60r, He Tp}lCTH...»
OKOJIO aToro BpeMeHH nO}lBHJIHCb 3a)KMraTeJIbHbIe 60M6bI.
BHatJaJIe OHH 6bIJIH OtJeHb npHMHTHBHbI. HanpI1Mep, O,l(Ha H3
nepBbIX 3a)KHraTeJIbHbIX HeMeQKHX 60M6 I1MeJIa iKeCT HYIO
060JIOt{KY B BH,n:e Illapa, HanOJIHeHHYIO 6eH30JIOM. BHYTpI111Iapa
HaXO,l(I1JIC}I CTaKaH, co.nep)KaII!HH TepMHT H 3anaJIbHOe YCTPOH-
CTBO. I--Ia 60M6y Ha,n:eBaJIaCb rronOHa H3 TKaHH, CJIYlKl1BllJa}l CTa-
6HJII13aTopOM. PYCCKl1e JICTtJHKI1 Toro BpeMeHH B KatJeCTBe 3a-
JKHraTeJIbHbIX 60M6 TaK)Ke c6paCbIBaJIH 6YTbIJlKH, 3arrOJIHeH-
1914 loiJ
139
IIble naKJleH, nponHTaHHoH CMeCblO KepOCHHa H Ma3YTa H cHa6-
)l(eHHble nHpOTeXHHqeCKHM BOCnJIaMeHHTeJleM.
C6pacbIBaTb 60M6bI npHXOJ{MJlOCb BpyqHYIO, neperHYB-
IlIHCb qepe3 60pT annapaTa. TaKoH cnoco6 HMeJl .n;Ba OCHOBHbIX
He,nOCTaTKa, Bo-nepBbIX, npHxo,nHJlOCb CHHiKaTbCSI, qTO 6bIJlO
onaCHO, a BO-BTOpbIX, TOqHOCTb nOnan;aHH:H 6bIJla BeCbMa OT-
HOCHTeJlbHoH. KpoMe Toro, 60M6bI HHor,na B3pbIBaJIHCb npSlMO
B rOH.n;OJle BO BpeMSI nOJleTa, nOCKOJlbKY JleiKaJIH npOCTO B HO-
rax Y JleT':IHKa.
OKTH6Pb
C 3Toro MeCSlua BO <ppaHUY3cKOH aBMaUHH BoopYiKeHHe
aSpOnJlaHOB ny JleMeTaMM CTaJlO 06S13aTeJlbHbIM. CHa1.JaJIa
<ppaHUY3bI, a HeCKOJlbKO n03,nHee aHrJlH1.JaHe HaqaJIM YCTaHaB-
JlHBaTb B HOCOBO:H qaCTH Ha a3pOnJlaHaX C cpepMeHHoH XBOCTO-
BOH ':IaCTblO H TOJlKalOIQMM BHHTOM nYJleMeTbI «BHKKepc HJlM
4JIbIOHC. .
fepMaHcKoe BoeHHoe MMHHCTepCTBO, 06ecnoKoeHHoe 60M-
6ap.n;HpoBKOH C a3pOnJlaHOB, peKBH3HpOBaJIO Ha Bcex CBOHX
3aBO.n;ax 3aKa3bI HHocTpaHHbIx rocy,napcTB Ha 3eHHTHbIe opY-
,nHSI H .l(OBeJlO napK CBOHX npoTHBoB03,n;YIllHbIX OPy.n;H:H .n;o 36
CTBOJlOB.
B 3TOM MeC Qe repMaHCKHe aBHaTopbI Ha1.JaJIH CBOIO 60M-
6ap.n;HpOBO':lHYIO .n;eSlTeJIbHOCTb, C6POCMB 60M6y Ha BeHCKH:H
BOK3aJI B BapIllaBe.
B OTBeT Ha 3TO PYCCKH:H JleTqHK TaKiKe C6POCHJI 60M6y Ha
n03HQliM aBCTpH:HueB. BOM6a 6bIJla no.n;BellieHa K CaMOJlery npM
v
nOMoIltH CbIpOMSITHbIX peMHeH, qTO npHBeJlO K MHOrOqHCJleH-
HbIM no.n;paiKaHMSIM.
XpoHHKa C06bITHH 3Toro MeCSlua TaKOBa.
A HmBepneH
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XO:HKT, pe.n;YTbI Dorn63K, TaJlep, )l(eJle3Ho.n;0p0)l(HbIH.
140
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1 OKmR6pR - fepMaHcKHe BOHCKa BOlliJIH B 6eJIbrHHCKI-n1:
ropo.n; Hnp.
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TOB npopBaHO, <ppOHT no p. Here 3aHjlT repMaHQaMH. HCKYC-
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pe3Y JIbTaTe qero repMaHcKHe BOHcKa nOHeCJIH 60JIbIlIHe fIOTepH.
50 KmR6pR - <DpaHQY3cKOMY nHJIOT)' H03ecpy <DpaHQY H
Ha6J1IO.n;aTeJIIO JIYHCY KeHO Ha Bya3eHe-3 Tl1n LA y.n;aJIOCb
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fOqKHCC repMaHcKHH ABHaTHK . XOTH nYJIeMeT H 3aKJIHHH-
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Ta. fepMaHcKHH CaMOJIeT ynan Ha 3eMJIIO. 3TO 6bIJI nepBbIH 3a-
perHcTpHpoBaHHbIH CJIyqaH, Kor.n;a CaMOJIeT npOTHBHHKa 6bIJI
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PyccKHe 06JIO)KHJIH aBcTpHHCKYIO KpenOCTb IlepeMbIlliJIb,
anCTpo-repMaHCKHe BOHCKa npH nonbITKe nepenpaBHTbCH qe-
pe3 p. CaH HeCYT 60JIbIlIHe rrOTepM H OCTaBJIjlIOT aTH nonbITKH.
113 3anHCHOH KHH:>KKM A.A. DJIOKa: -« II p06ylO 6eJIbrHHCKHe
CTHXH..
7oKmR6pR - fepMaHcKasI apTHJIJIepMH HaqMHaeT 06CTpeJI
AHTBepneHa. 3aXBaqeHbI <pOpTbI EpaxeM H DpeHl(oHK, aHrJIH-
qaHe H 6eJIbrnHQbI HaqHHaIOT YHHqTO)KeHHe 3anaCOB H Kpeno-
CTHoro HMYIIJ;eCTBa. ,l{o aToro .n;HjI noe3.l{a eIl{e XO.n;HJIH B
6eJIbrHHCKYIO CTOJIHQY.
Bocmaq,HoeeponeUc'KuU meamp
Bc.ne.n;cTBHe He.n;OCTaTKa apTWIJIepHH pYCCKHe BOHCKa OTO-
llIJIH OT IIepeMbIlliJIH Ha BOCTOqHbIH 6eper p. CaH.
8 oKmR6pR - IIOJIeBble BOHCKa COlO3HHKOB nOKHHYJIH
AHTBepneH.
BpHTaHcKHM a3pOnJIaHOM, 60M6HBlliHM ,l{lOcCeJIb.n;op<p,
6bIJI YHH'ITO)KeH 60M6ap.n;HpoBKOH C B03.n;yxa repMaHcKHH Qen-
1914 lOa
141
neJIHH Z-XI. 3a PYJIeM aapOnJIaHa CHJJ;eJI JIeHTeHaHT 6pHTaH-
CKoro B03,n;YlllHoro cpJIOTa Pe,n;JKMHaJIh,n; MapHKC.
113 CTaThH «Times»: «He MOJKeT 6hITh ,n;BYX pa3HhIX 3aKO-
HOB ,n;JI lU1BHJIM30BaHHoro MHpa H ,n;JIjI repMaHMM. Kor,n;a JIeM-
TeHaHT KOJIJIe* JIeTaJI Hat( J!IOCCeJIh,n;opcpOM He 6hIJIO y6HTO HM
JKeHIl{HH, HH ,n;eTeH. Bce 37 QepKBeH OCTaJIMCh HeTpOHYThIMM,
M, XOTjI KeJIhHCKHH c060p B 20 MHJI X npe,n;CTaBJI JI COJIM,n;HYIO
MHllIeHh, aHrJIHqaHe He 3an THaJIH ce6 n030pOM pa3pYllIeHM
xpaMOB MJIM y6MHcTBa MHpHhIX rpaJK,n;aH. TIoaToMY, BOCTopra-
Ch MeTaHHeM 60M6 B AHTBepneH, nYCTh HeMUhI nOMH T, qTO
HM 6y,n;YT OTBeqaTh TeM JKe B npHpeHHcKMx npOBI1HQH X. J!IOC-
CeJIh,n;opcpCKMH peH,n; JIeHTeHaHTa KOJIJIe 6hIJI npeJJ:IIpHH T, KaK
npe,n;OCTepeJKeHMe. TIYCTh repMaHH pellIHT Teneph caMa, JKe-
JIaeT JIM OHa CBOHM ropo,n;aM yqaCTM PeHMca H AHTBepneHa .
renHep: Ha 2-H MHpHOH KOHcpepeHQMI1 B raare npe,n;CTa-
BHTeJIh <l>paHQHH ,n;06HJIC Toro, qTO KOHcpepeHQH npM3HaJIa
B03MOJKHhIM 60M6ap,n;HpOBaHHe C B03,n;YIlIHhIX CYJ{OB. B Haqa-
JIe BOHHhI MhI CTO JIH Ha TOH TOqKe 3peHH , qTO 60M6apJ{Hpo-
BaHHe, npH3HaHHoe MeJK,l1YHapo,n;HhIM COrJIallIeHHeM KaK opy-
JKHe ,n;JI Be,n;eHM cyxonYTHOH BOHHhI, ,n;OJlJKHO BeCTMCh MCKJIIO-
qHTeJIbHO npOTHB KpenOCTeH H MMeIOIl{HX Ba)KHOe BoeHHoe
3HaqeHHe nYHKTOB, a TaKJKe Tex paHOHOB, r,n;e npOMcxo,n; T 60-
eBhIe ,l1eMCTBM . OTcTynJIeHHM OT aToro MhI He J{onYCKaJIH.
AHrJIH nOlliJIa B aTOM OTHOllIeHHH ,n;aJIhllIe; oceHhIO 1914 r.
aHrJIHHCKHe JIeTqHKH pa3pYllIHJIM Haxo,n;HBllIHHC B aJIJIHHre
6JIH3 lJ;IOcCeJIh,n;opcpa QenneJIHH Z-XI; npOH3BeJIH HaJIeT Ha
<l>pH,n;pMcracpeH 11 Ha p ,n; ,n;pyrHx BoeHHhIX 06'heKTOB, 3HaqH-
TeJIhHO y,n;aJIeHHhIX OT TeaTpa BoeHHhIX ,n;eMcTBHH. Ho aHrJIH-
qaHe Bce )Ke Il{aJ{HJIH npH aTOM Ml1pHOe HaCeJIeHHe. J!pyroe J{eJIO
<l>paHQH : 4 ,n;eKa6p 1914 r. cppaHUY3cKHe JIeTqMKH npOH3Be-
JIH Hana,n;eHHe Ha MHpHhIH ropoJ{ <l>peH6ypr, pacnOJIO)KeHHhIH
B 80 KM 3a JIHHHeH cppoHTa, qTO npMBeJIO K 3HalIHTeJIhHhIM qe-
JIOBeqeCKHM )KepTBaM...»
3HrepT: «I1HhIMH ueJI MH, KpOMe BoeHHhIX, MhI He 3a,n;aBa-
JIHCh HHKor,n;a. MHOrOlIHCJIeHHhIe CJIYXH 0 HaMepeHHhIX 60M-
6aplll1pOBK aX JIa3apeTOB MorlIM B03HHKHYTh, KaK C HallIeH, TaK
· B ra1CTC ....M}( 6blJlO ....3MCIICIIO.
142
A8Ua UJl BeJlu'Kou 80U1lbl
v
M C HenpMgTeJIhCKOM CTOpOHhI, TOJIhKO no 3JIOMY YMhICJIY Ka-
Koro-HM6y,n;h TeopeTMKa, HO HMKaK He Ha OCHOBaHMM HOqHOM
JIeTHOM npaKTMKM. PaaJIMqMTh C aapOnJIaHa KpaCHhIe KpeCThI
JI3.3apeTOB HeT B03MOJKHOCTM ,n;aJKe B JIYHHhIe H01lM. C ,n;pyroM
CTOpOHhI Ha,n;O MMeTh B BM,n;y, 1ITO npM 60JIhllIOM pacceMBaHMM
60M6 JIerKO MOryr 6hITh nona,n;aHMg B MeCTa, JIe)KaInHe 3a He-
v
CKOJIhKO COTeH MeTpOB OT HaMe1leHHOM ueJIM».
BocmOll1l0eepOneUCKuu meamp
ABcTpo-repMaHcKMe BOMcKa BhIXO,n;gT K p. BMCJIe.
3aBepmMJIaCh MBaHropo,n;- BapllIaBcKM onepaUMg, Ha1laB-
IlIMCg 28 CeHTg6pg.
B I1BaHropo,n;-BapllIaBcKoH onepaUHH PYCCK£UI aBMapa3-
Be,n;Ka He BCKpbIJIa pOKMpOBKH BOWCK 9-M repMaHCKOM apMHH.
9-g repMaHCKM apMMg HaHeCJIa BHe3anHbIM y,n;ap B CThIK MeJK-
,n;y 1-M M 2-M PYCCKMMM apMMgMM M3 paMOHa TopHa, B HanpaB-
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9 oKmR6pR - ropo,n; H KpenOCTh AHTBepneH c,n;aHbI, 6eJIh-
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u
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Ha BOCTOKe rMH,n;eH6ypr OT,n;aeT npHKa3aHHe K HacTynJIe-
HMIO Ha BapmaBY.
100KmR6pR - KanMT)'JIMpOBaJIM nOCJIe,n;HMe cpOpThI AHT-
BepneHa.
KOpOJIh AJIh6epT I BhIBeJI BOMcKa H3 ropo,n;a, nOJIarM, 1ITO
coxpaHHocTh apMMM ,n;JIg rocy,n;apcTBa BaJKHee y,n;epJKaHMg ro-
po,n;a. Mh6epT I nOJIY1lMJI cpe,n;M eBponeMcKoM HHTeJIJIMreHL(MM
v
np03BHme KOpOJIh-repoM..
MerrepJIMHK: M3 Bcex repoeB aTOM 1Iy,n;OBMIUHOM BOMHhI,
v
KOTopbIe HaBcer,n;a oCTaHYTCg B naMgTM JIIO,n;eM, O,n;MH H3 caMbIX
1IHCThIX, O,n;MH M3 Tex, Koro Bcer,n;a 6y,n;YT 060JKaTh, 6y,n;eT, He-
cOMHeHHo, MOJIO,n;OM M BeJIMKHM KOpOJIh BeJIbrMH... OH cYMeJI
KpacHBo OJIMueTBOpHTb rJIy6MHHYlO BOJIIO CBoero Hapo,n;a. B
O,n;MH MMr BeJIhrMg HamJIa ce6g H OTKphIJIaCh ,n;JIg Bcex. 3TO
6bIJIO 60JIhllIMM CqaCTbeM - nocTynHTh no COBeCTH B caMhIM
TparM1IecKMH MOMeHT... ECJIM 6hI He 6bIJIO KOpOJIg Mh6epTa...
He 6hIJIH 6hI CK3.3aHhI HYJKHbIe, T01lHhIe If TBep,n;hIe CJIOBa M He
1914 zoa
143
6bIJIH QbI c,n;eJIaHhI CHJIhHble H KpaCHBbIe )KCCTbI, JIyqIIle KOTO-
pbIX HeJlh3 6bIJIO 6hI ce6e 11 npe,n;CTaBHTh. DJIaro,n;ap KOpOJIIO
AJlb6epTY, np MasI 11 CHaR rep01111eCKM JIHHI151 nOBe,n;eHI151
6hIJIa BbI,n;ep)l{aHa ,n;o KOHl1a .
A 21 OKT 6p B TIeTep6ypre BbIllleJI 286-H HOMep ra3eTbI
J1eHb , nOCRll1eHHbIH repoHtJecKoH DeJIbfHH», B KOTOpOM
Hap5l,n;y co CTI1XOTBOpeHH MM 3. fMnnHYc ( TpH KpeCTa>.> ), ):{.
Mepe)l{KOBCKOro ( Y6HI1l1a JIe6el1eM ), <D. COJIory6a ( YTe-
llIeHMe DeJIbrHH ), 11. CeBep HHHa (<<Il03Ma 0 DeJIbrI1H ) M
,n;p. 6bIJIO Hane1laTanO M CTHXOTBOpeHl1e A. DJIOKa «AHTBepneH ,
3aKaH1IHBaBIlleec CJIOBaMH:
Ho Bce - npHTBopCTBO, Bce - 06MaH:
B3rJIRHM HaBepx... B KJIotJKe JIa3ypM,
MeJIbKalOIUeM Qepe3 TYMaH,
YBJ1l];HIllb ThI npe,n;BeCTbe 6YPH -
KpY)I{aIUHMCR a3pOrrJIaH .
Bocm01.l1l0eBpOneucKuu meamp
O)l{eCTOQeHHhIe 60H PYCCKHX 11 aBCTpo-repMaHCKHX apMHH
no,n; BapillaBoM H 11 BaHropOJ{OM.
3,n;ecb 60JIhIllYIO pa60Ty npOBo,n;HJIH pYCCKMe B03,n;yxOnJIa-
BaTeJIH.
113 BocnoMMHaHHMllIa6aIlleBa: TIo npM6bITMH B KperrocTb
I1BaHropo,n;... npoH3Bo,n;MJIMCb no,n;'heMbI Ha aapocTaTe ,n;JI.H H3Y-
u
1IeHMR KpenoCTuoro paHoHa...
B nepMo,n; C (15) no (23 ceHTR6pR) na POTY 6hIJIH B03JIO)Ke-
HhI 06 3aHHocTM CJIe,n;MTb 3a npH6JIH)I{aIOIUHMC K KpenOCTH
npOTMBHHKOM H Ha6JIIO,n;aTb 3a He60M ,n;HeM H H01lblO, 1IT06bI
CBoeBpeMeHHO 06uapY)I{MBaTb CaMOJIeTbI Bpara. BaTH ,n;HH aapo-
CTaT pa60TaJI HenpephIBHO, HeCMOTp51 Ha TO, \.ITO CKOpOCTb BeT-
pa ,n;OCTWraJIa 18-26 M/c.
TIepeMecTHBIllHCh (27 CeHT5I6p ) K ,n;epeBHe DopoBa, qTO-
6bI YJIYtJIllMTb YCJIOBM Ha6JIIo,n;eHH ... IIa6.7IIO.n;aTeJIb 06Hapy-
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BhICOTbI no,n;1>eMa y,n;aJIOCb H36c)I{aTb nonan:aHl1fl B aapOCTaT...
144
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110 1CmR6pR - Haqa.n:ach Cephe3HaJI 60M6apJU1pOBKa rep-
MaHCKHMM aBMaTOpaMH JIHJlJlg.
Ha PYCCKOM cppOHTe HatJHHaeTCg JIOJ{3HHCKaJI OlIepa Hg.
12 o1CmR6pR - B TetJeHHe l(BYX l(HeU Ha r. JIHJIJlb 6hIJIO
c6pomeHo 60Jlee 5 TbIC. 60M6 H pa3pYllleHO 800 3,n;aHHH.
IIoHe,n;eJIhHHK, 4 qaca ,n;Hg, KoppeCnOHl(eHT Dagens
Nyhcter TeJIerpacpHPyeT 113 ITapM)I(a: Kor,n;a g qac TOMY Ha-
3a,z( lIpOXOJIHJI lIO 6YJlbBapy Bonne Nouvelle, TO YBH,n;eJI BbICO-
KO B B03l{yxe He60JIhlllYIO TeMHYIO TOqKY... Bce ,n;BH)I(eHI1e Ha
YJIHQax, CJIOBHO lIO MaHOBeHHIO BOJIllle6HOU naJIOqKM, B,n;pyr
OCTaHOBHJlOCh. Bce JIIO,n;H CMOTpeJIH C TpeBoroH BBepx. BCKope
a3pOIIJIaH OqyrHJICg KaK pa3 Ha,z( 6YJIhBapoM. TYT Cpel{H lIy6-
JIHKH lIOl{HgJIaCh lIaHHKa, IIOTOMY qTO BceM XOpOlllO 6hIJIO H3-
BeCTHO, KaK OlIaCHO HaXOl{HThCg lIO,n; a3pOII.1IaHoM. MHorHe
BbIlIphIrHYJIH 113 TpaMBaJI, Kyqepa XJIeCTaJIH JIOlll3.,lteH, a JKeH-
lI{HHhI ClIelllHJIH YBe3TH KOJlgCKH C ,n;eThMH Ha COCel{HHe YJlI1-
QbI. A3pOrrJIaH CIIYCKaJICg Bce HH)Ke, o,n;HaKo, .no MeHg He l{OHO-
CHJlOCb elI{e )Ky)K)KaHHg ero MOTopa, 60M6 TaK:>Ke He 6hIJI9 BHl{-
HO. B,n;pyr aBMaTOp CTaJI 6hICTpO lIo,n;HHMaTbCg BBepx. B
CJlel{YIOlI{ee MrHOBeHHe pa3,l1;aJICg CTpalllHbIH rpOXOT. Ha 6y JIb-
Bape lIO,n;HgJIOCh CMgTeHl1e. JIIO,lI;H, CJIOBHO 06e3YMeB, MeTaJIHCh
BO Bce CTOpOHbI, HaTbIKCUlCh ,n;pyr Ha Jtpyra, H HI1KOrO He YClIO-
KaHBaJIO TO 06CTOgTeJIbCTBO, qTO 60M6a YIIaJIa Ha l(aJIeKOM pac-
CTOgHHH OT 6YJlhBapa. MHorHe 6pOCHJIHCb Ha Rue St. Matin.
51 lIOCJIel{OBaJI 3a HHMH. HaKOHeQ, MhI lIpH6e:>KaJIH K lIJIOlI{a,z(H
lIepe,n; ceBepHhIM BOK3aJIOM. 3,n;ech y)Ke ycrreJIa c06paTbCg rpo-
Ma,z(HM TOJIlIa, a Ha caMOM BOK3a.ne CTOgJlH rrOJIHQMg H COJI,n;a-
ThI. OKa3aJIOCh, qTO 60M6a lIOlIaJIa B lIoe3J{, CTOgBlllHH Y CTaH-
QHH. ITpel{lIOJlaraIOT, qTO HeMeQKHM aBMaTOp 6pOCHJI 60M6y B
nycToM lIOe3l{ lIO 01llH6Ke H qTO 3Ta 60M6a rrpe,ll;Ha3Haqa.71aCh
l{JIg YHHtJTO)KeHHg BoeHHoro lIoe3.n.a, lIpHrOTOBJIeHHOrO y co-
ce,n;Hero BOK3aJIa Ha Place de la Republique...
BocmO'll1l0e8pOneucKuu meamp
repMaHcKHe BOHCKa BbIlllJII1 Ha JII1HHIO YIIpa3l{IIeHHbIX cpop-
TOB BaprnaBhI; pYCCKMe BOHCKa y.n.eP)l(aJIHCh TOJI'hKO B K03e-
HI1 e. B XOJIMe COBelI{aIOTCg KOMaUJIYIOIJJ;He <ppoHTaMH; npI1-
1914 lOa
145
H.SI"fO perneHHe B03npaTHTb Ha lorO-3ana}1:!IbIH <ppOHT 2-10 pyc-
CKYIO apMHIO H YCI1JIHTb ee 5-H apMl1erI C eJIblO pa3rpoMa 9-ti
repMaHcKoH H 1-H ancTpHHcKOH apMHH.
B03HHKaeT Hc06xo,lJ;HMOCTb peopraHH3aU;1'IH Cl1CTeMbI PY-
KOBO,lJ;CTBa H cHa6JKeHI1 aBHaOTp.H,lJ;OB.
IIITa6 BepxoBHoro rJIaBHOKOMaH,lJ;YIOll.{erO BbIlIY)I(L(en 61>IJI
HarrpaBI1Tb CJIe,lJ;YIOIUHH rrpHKa3 KOMaHL(OBaHI1IO IOro-3arra,lJ;-
Horo <ppoHTa: OrrbIT BbUICHHJI He06xo,lJ;HMOCTb 113MeHeHHH
,lJ;e TeJIbHOCTI1 aBHa HOHHbIX pOT, KOTopble, OCTana Cb B MeCTe
CBoero rrOCTO HHoro KBapTHpOBaHH.H, Tep JlH CB5I3b C aBuaUH-
OHHbIMH OTp ,lJ;aMH H He MOrJIH HX rrHTaTb He06xOllHMbIMJt}
rrpe,lJ;MeTaMH. C 3TOH eJIbIO Ha BpeM BoeHHbIX lleMCTBHH Bep-
XOBHbIH: r JIaBHOKOMaH,lJ;YIOll.{HH rrpHKaJaJI:
1. KaJK,lJ;OH OT,lJ;eJIbHOH apMHI1 rrpH,lJ;aTb no YKa3aHI1IO rJIan-
HOKOMaH,lJ;YIOLQerO cppOHTOM O,lJ;HY anl1a HoHHYIO POTY HJIH
qaCTb pOTbI;
2. Bce aBl1aQHOHHble OTp ,lJ;bI, BbI,lJ;eJI eMble B O,lJ;HY rpynny
npH apMI1H B TeXHl1qeCKOM H X03 HcTBeHHoM OTHorneHHH, He...
nOCpe,lJ;CTBeHHO rrO,lJ;QHHI1Tb KOMaH,lJ;Hpy IIaxOll IIJ;eHC npH ap-
MHH pOTbI;
3. HaXO,lJ; ll(HHC rrpH apMHH KOMaH,lJ;Hp pOTbl HJII1 QaCTH
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MHH...
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KOBCKl1M.
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MI1H.
repMaHcKHM BofICKaM CllaJIC JII1JIJIb.
15 oICmR6pR - B 6eJIbrHiicKoM apMHH OCTaJIOCb 82 TbIC.
qeJIOBeK (113 I1HX 48 TbIC. nexoTbI).
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apMI151 nepeXO.lU1T B HacTynJIeHMe.
20 oKmR6pR - l-IaqHHalOTCjI 3aTjI)KHbIe Cpa)KeHMg Ha
p. 113ep 11 Y I1npa.
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apMI1H Y,l{aeTC51 YCTaHoBHTb CBg3b C OTpe3aHHbIM XXV Kopny-
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25 0KmR6pR - B 3TOT ,l{eHb BO <I>paHUMH nnepBbIe ynpaB-
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cDpaHUHH HCCJIe,l10BaHMg, B KOTOpbIX MCnOJIb30BaJIM 6ecnpo-
BOJI01.IHbIM TeJIerpacp ,l{JIg CB5I3I1 C CaMOJIeTOM, COCTOjlJII1Cb 25
OKTg6p51 1914 r. fepMaHI1g 6bICTpO nOCJIe,l10BaJIa 3TOMY npH-
Mepy. «TeJIe<pYHJ(eH H <pHpMa XYT CTaJIM nOCTaBJIgTb B <peB'-
pa.ne 1915 r. 15-TH Kr pa,l{HonpI160pbI, MMeBllIl1e ,n:aJIbHOCTb ,n:ei1-
CTBMjI OT 30 ,l{0 42 KM.
26oKmR6pR - fIo YTBep)l(,l1eHI11O <ppaHUY3cKoro BoeHHO-
ro JIeT1.fMKa ,l{e-lllaBaHg MMeUHO B 3TOT ,l{eHb np0I13011IeJI nep-
BbIH B03,l{YIIIHbIM 6011, 3aKJII04aBllII1HCjI B TOM, 1.ITO cppaHUY3-
CKI1H aBHaTOp KanpaJI THcco C Ha6JIIO,l{aTeJIeM Cep:>KaHTOM fIery
Ha 60PTY nOfHaJIC51 3a repMaHcKMM 6I1llJIaHOM H nOCJIaJI eMY
B.n.OrOHKY HCCKOJlbKO ny JIb 113 Kapa6MHa . 50H 3aKOIl1.IHJIC51
HH1.fe1\f. TI1cCO IIpO,l{OJI:>KI1JI CBOH nYTb, HMeg 3a;J.aQeti pa36oM-
6HTb aHrapbI repMaHCKOH 3CKaJ1pI1JIbI1 6-w apMI111. fIocJle BbI-
nOJIHeHHg 60cBoro 3a,l{aHI1j1 OH 6bIJI 06CTpeJIjlH Y p. 3H 113 py-
lKei1, no 6JIarOIIOJIY t IHO BepHY JICg Ha CBOW a3pOJ{pOM.
1914 lOa
147
2'lOK7IUl6pR - Ha BOCTOKe JIIOJJ:eHJJ:Op<p H3,ltaeT npHKa3 06
oTcrynJIeHHH llIHpOKHM <ppOHTOM , npHH}lTO perneHHe npH
OTXO,lte npOH3BeCTH OCHOBaTeJIbHYIO nopt.fY ,ltopor M MOCTOB.
28 OK7IUl6pR - ITO,ltpbIB rnJII030B Ha 113epe. I-IaBo.lIHeHHe
p3.3,lteJUleT BOMcKa npOTHBHMKOB.
Y ManaKKcKoro nOJIYOCTpOBa I1eHaHra JIerKHH repMan-
CKHH KpeHcep 3M,lteH nOJJ: BI1,ltOM anrJIHHCKOro KpeHcepa BO-
llieJI B nopT H nOTOnHJI PYCCKHH JIerKHH KpeMcep )I(eMtJyr H
<ppaHQY3cKHH MHHOHoceQ.
TaK KaK TYPQHR He nOJU(aBaJIaCb HeMeQKHM yroBopaM, ee
Yt.faCTMe B BOHHe Ha CTopOHe repMaHHM 6bIJIO CnpOBOl1HpOBa-
HO; H3 KOHCTaHTHHOnOJIR B qepHoe Mope OTnpaBHJIHCb Kpei1-
cephI re6eH H BpecJIay .
29 OK7IUl6pR - 113 panopTa PYCCKoro KOMaH,ltOBaHH : B
HeKOTopbIX aBHaQHOHHbIX OTpR,ltaX HMeIOTC JIeTt.fHKH-t(06po-
BOJIbQbI, 06JIan:aIOIUHe nHJIOTCKHMH ,ltHnJIOMaMH, npHt.feM He-
KOTopble H3 HMX nOJIb3YIOTCR 60JIblIIOH H3BecTHOCTbiO 11 B aBMa-
QHOHHOM MHpe.
O,ltHM H3 TaKHX JIeTt.fHKOB OK3.3aJIHCb B apMHH Ha onpe,lte-
JIeHHOM jKanOBaHHH no KOHTpaKTaM, a ,ltpyrHe, MeHee npaKTHt.f-
HbIe, nocTynHJII1 npRMO B aBHaQMOHHbIe tJaCTH Ha npaBax OXOT-
HHKOB, T.e. 6e3 BCRKoro jKaJIOBaHM , npHt.feM, HeCMOTpR Ha 3TO,
HeKOTophIe H3 HHX npHHeCJIH C C060M 6e3B03Me3,ltHO ,lta)Ke CBO"
co6CTBeHHhIe aapOnJIaHbI...
I1cnparnHBaeTcR: yrO,ltHO JIM 6Y,lteT Bal.UeMY BbICOKonpe-
BOCXO,ltHTeJIbCTBY COrJIaCHTbCR Ha YCTaHOBJIeHl1e J{JI Bcex JIeT-
t.fHKOB-,lt06pOBOJIbQeB, KaK COCTORI..l.{ X YjKe B qaCT X, TaK 11
BHOBh nocTynaIOIUHx TY,lta, a TaKjKe ,l{.lIR JIeT"IHKOB npH IllTa-
6ax, 0,ltHo06pa3Horo B03Harpa)f(,lteHHR no 300 py6JIeH B Me-
CRQ? ..
MatJaBapHaHH: B 060HX CJIytJCUlx - H C OpJIOBbIM Ii C Ara-
<pOHOBhIM - BbI3blBaJIH y,ltHBJIeHHe HeBe,ltOMO t.fbM pacnop )Ke-
HI1R, no KOTOpbIM JIeTqHKH-CnopTCMeHbI HanpaBJIRJIHCb B He-
nOCpe,ltcTBeHHoe paCnOpRjKeHMe KOMaHl(OBaHHR apMHH, He
u
nO,ltJIe)l(a BKJIIOt.fCHHIO B COCTaB ,lteHCTBYIOIUHX aBHaUHOHHbIX
OTp}l,ltOB. He pacnoJIaraJI TeXHHtJeCKHM COCTaBOM, 3anaCHbIMM
qaCTRMH, roplotJHM H CMaJOt.fHbIM MaTepHaJIOM, B 06I.QeM, BceM
148
A 8uau,USl BellU'KOU 80U1lbl
He06xoJ(HMbIM B 3KCnJlyaTaUHH aSpOnJIaHOB, OHH, eCTeCTBeH-
HO, He MOrJIH ycnelliHo BblnOJIH Tb 3a,n;aHHjI. VI, HaKOHeu:, ca-
Moe rJIaBHOe, - KaKHe CBe,n;eHMjI 0 npOTHBHHKe MOrJIH co06-
Il1MTb 3TH OTJIHqHble, HO He HMeBIIIMe HHKaKoro BoeHHoro 06pa-
30BaHHjI nHJIOTbI, He YMelOIl1He OTJIHqHTb nOJIKa OT ,n;HBH3HH...
113 BocnOMHHaHHH lIIa6ameBa: «ITo npHKa3aHMIO KOMeH-
,n;aHTa KpenOCTH no,n;1>eMbI aspOCTaTa C (28 CeHTjl6pjl) no (13)
OKT 6pjl BHOBb npOH3Bo,n;HJIHCb B paHoHe y nOJIYCTaHKa fo-
JIOM6.
3a STO BpeM pa3Be,n;Ka C aspOCTaTa 06HaPY:>KHJIa MHO)Ke-
CTBO 6aTapeH npOTHBHHKa Hero 6HBaKM, a K (5) OKT 6pg KO-
MeH,n;aHTY KpenOCTM npe,n;CTaBHJIH OTqeTHYIO KapT01.JKY, Ha KO-
TOpOH 6bIJIa HaHeceHa ueJICUI JIHHH HenpHjlTeJIbCKHX OCa,n;HbIX
pa60T H 6aTapeH, 3aMeQeHHbIX C a3pOCTaTa no HaCbIn M OKO-
nOB, 6JIecKY OT BbICTpeJIOB, no ,n;BH:>KeHMIO JIIO,n;eH, no .l1bIMY OT
KOCTpOB Ha 6MBaKax.
o MeCTe 3aMeQeHHbIX 6aTapeH HeMe,n;JIeHHO J{OHOCHJIH no
TeJIe<poHY KOMeHJ{aHTY KpenocTH H o,n;HoBpeMeHHo HaqaJIbHH-
KY rpynnbI 6aTapeH y pa31>e3,n;a fOJIOM6. OTKpbIBaeMbIH no YKa-
3bIBaeMoMY MecTY apTHJIJIepHMCKHM orOHb KoppeKTHpOBaJIC
C aspocTaTa. (2) OKTjl6pjl, 6JIaro,n;apjl KoppeKTHpoBaHHIO
CTpeJIb6bI KpenocTHoH apTMJIJIepHH no OCa.ztHOH 6aTapee npo-
THBHHKa, rpoMHBllleH :>KeJIe3HoJ{opO)KHbIH MOCT qepe3 BMCJIY,
6bIJIa coxpaHeHa eJ{MHCTBeHlICUI B TO BpeMjI Ha.zte:>KH£UI nepe-
npaBa Qepe3 3T)' peKY. (6) OKTg6p C aspOCTaTa 6bIJIO 06Hapy-
:>KeHO, QTO HeMI..1bI OCTaBJI IOT II03HI..1HI1 no,n; KpenOCTblO.
C (9) no (13) OKT 6pjl, Kor,n;a K KpenOCTM no,n;OIllJIH aBCT-
pHHcKMe Kopnyca H no,n; KpenOCTblO BHOBb Ha1.JaJICjI rOpjlQHH
60H, aapOCTaT nepeMeCTHJIH Ha JIeBbIH 6eper BHCJIbI B Ka3e-
HeI..1KHH JIec. 3J(ecb C aapOCTaTa 6bIJIa pa3Be,n;aHa n03HI..1M npo-
THBHHKa no JIHHMH ,n;epeBeHb ITOJI lIHO - fpy,n;eK - Eep,n;3e-
JKa. Ha ceBepHO H onYlllKe JIeca OKOJIO ,n;epeBHH Eep,n;3eJKa 6bIJIH
06HapY:>KeHbI HenpM TeJIbCKHe OKOnbI.
OrHeM apTMJIJIepHH, KoppeKTHpOBaBmeHC C aspOCTaTa,
HenpMjlTeJIbCKHe n03HI..1MH 6bIJIH pa3pYllleHbI. IT pOTMBHMK 6e-
JKaJI M3 OKonOB, He npHHjlB aTaKM HarneH neXOTbI. 3T0 pelllMJIO
cYJ(b6y 60$1 no,n; KpenOCTblO...
1914 lOa
149
Pa60Ta npHBH3HOrO aapOCTaTa no,n; I1naHropoltoM C (26
ceHTH6pH) no (13) OKT 6pR 1914 r. 6bIJIa OTMetIeHa n npHKa3e
KOMeH,n;aHTa KpenocTH, KOTOpbIH Ha3BaJI ee «MOJIo,n;eUKoH H
nOJIe3HoH» .
Bnl1CaB B 60HX no,n; I1BaHropo,n;oM rrepBYIO CJIaBHYIo CTpa-
HHUY B I1CTOpHIO 60eBoro npHMeHeHI1}I aapOCTaTOB n PYCCKOt'I
apMI1H B BOHHe 1914-1917 rr., 14-}I B03,n;yxOrrJIanaTeJIbIICUI pOTa
C TaKHM JKe ycnexoM npo,n;OJI)KaJIa cnoIO 60enYlo JI,e}ITeJIbHOCTb
H ,B ,n;aJIbHeHllleM.
29 - 30oKmR6pR - TypeUKo- repMaHCKCUI aCKa,n;pa rrOTOllH-
JIa no,n; CenaCTOnOJIeM TpaHcnopT «ITpYT Ii 06CTpeJI}IJIa O,n;ec-
cy, CeBaCTOnOJlb, <Deo,n;ocHIO H HOBOpOCCI1HCK.
ITo MHeHI1IO aHrJIHHCKHX ,n;HnJIOMaTOB, TYPUI1IO eme MO)K-
HO 6bIJIO y,n;ep:>KaTb OT BOMHbI, tIT06bI He C03,n;aBaJIOCb KOHCTaH-
TI1HOnOJIbCKOrO Bonpoca, TaK KaK neJII1KI1H BH3Hpb, npHHU
Cal1,n;-XaJIHM, If ero CTOpOHHHKH 6bIJII1 npOTI1B BOHHbI, HO PYC-
CKoe npaBHTeJIbCTBO caMOCTOHTeJIbHO, He rrpc,n;ynpeJU1B AHr-
JII1IO H <DpaHUHIO, n OTBeT Ha npa)K,n;e6Hoe nbIcTYIIJleHHe Kpe i-
cepoB «fe6eH» 11 «EpecJIay», 31 OKT}I6p}I 061>51BI1JIO BOHHY Typ-
UI1I1.
E,n;I1HcTBeHH£UI Ha BCIO 6eJIbrHHcKYIO apMHIO aCKa,n;pI1JIb51
fappo nOJIYlIaeT ,n;onOJIHHTeJIbHO ,n;Ba «EJIepl1o 113 35-H CMe-
lIIaHHOH aCKa,n;pHJIbIf H O,n;HH «Bya3eH H3 60M6ap,n;HpOnOtIHOI1
aCKa,n;pHJIbH.
3aKOHtIHJIC TpeTHH MeC}IU, B KOTOpbIH He rrpOHcxo,n;I1JIO
pelIIaIOIIU1X C06bITMH H B KOTOpbIH BOHHa HaqaJIa BXO,n;HTb n
«pa60qyIO» 3aTHiKHYIO <pa3Y. H K MCXO,n;y aToro MeC}Iua BbIHC-
HI1JIHCb HeO:>KHlJ;aHHbIe Bell.{H.
B IIITa6ax BepxoBHoro rJIaBHOKOMaH,n;OBaHH}I nOHatIaJIY
CQHTaJIH, liTO nOTepl1 B JIeTHOM COCTaBe 6y,n;YT He3HatIHTeJIb-
HhIMH, He npe,nnOJIarCUI B03MOJKHOCTI1 B03,n;YIIIHbIX CXBaTOK.
B nepBbIe JtHH BOHHhI H B caMOM ,n;eJIe aBHaTopOB B PYC-
cKoM apMHH OKa3a.1IOCh 60JIhlIIe, tIeM aapOnJIaHoB.
fl16eJIb IIITa6C-KanHTaHa HecTepoBa C4HTaJIaCh CJIyqaHHhI 1
HBJIeHHeM.
BepxoBHhIH rJIaBHOKoMaHJtYIOll.{I1H PYCCKOH apMHH BeJIH-
KHH KHH3h HHKOJIaH HHKOJIaeBHtI B npHKa3e OT 25 OKT}I6pR
150
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1914 r. nHCaJI: .I1pHeM B apMHIO co CTOpOHbI JJ;06pOBOJlbueB-
JleTqHKOB H JleT'IHU, Ka3aJIOCb 6bI, npaBHJlbHbIM 06YCJlOBHTb
JlHIlIb npH6bITHeM co CBOHMH co6cTBeHHbIMH annapaTaMH, TaK
KaK K npe)!CTaBJleHHIO 3THM JlHuaM Ka3eHHbIX annapaToB, KO-
TOpbIX B 60JlbIllHHCTBe OTpjl)!OB He)!OCTaTOqHO H )!JIjI JleT'IH-
KOB-Oc!>HUePOB, He HMeeTCjI HHKaKHX OCHOBaHHH».
O)!HaKO B nepBbIe .TpH MeCjlua BOHHbI PYCCKHe JleT'IHKH
nOHeCJIH 60JIbllIHe nOTepH H npeJKJJ;e Bcero He H3-3a 60eBbIX
)!eI1CTBHH, a no npHqHHe nOJlOMOK H H3HOllIeHHOCTH caMHX
MaIlIHH. MalliHHbI H JleTqHKH BbI6bIBaJlH H3 CTpOji B pe3YJlbTa-
Te: BbIHYJK)!eHHOH nOCa)!KH Ha TeppHTopHH npOTHBHHKa, npH
paapYIlIeHHH CaMOJleTa B B03)!yxe BCJle.nCTBHe HeCOBepllIeHCTBa
KOHCTpYKUHH (paaPYIlIeHHe a3pOnJlaHa, nepexoJJ; B OTpHuaTeJlb-
Hoe nHKe, CKOJIbJKeHHe Ha KpbIJlO, lliTonop H np.), npH nOJKape
B B03)!yxe H3-3a HeCOBepIlIeHCTBa JJ;BHraTeJljl H T. )!.
O.nHO HeMeUKoe JleTHOe OT)!eJleHHe OT nO)!06HbIX npHqHH
HeCJlO nOTepH )!O 50% CBOHX MaIlIHH, MHorHe H3 KOTOpbIX pa3-
PYIlIaJIHCb )!ajKe npejK)!e qeM Bo06me BcrynHTb B )!eJIo. C aBr:y-
CTa.no OKTjl6pjl 1914 r. repMaHCKHMH aBHaqaCTjlMH TaKHM 06-
pa30M 6bIJlO nOTepjlHO 100 H3 232 CaMOJleTOB; 52 nHJlOTa npH
3TOM npOCTHJlHCb C jKH3HbIO. ,l(BIDK,ltbI paa6HJI CaMOJIeT Ha B3JIe-
Te TOJlbKO HaqHHaBIlIHH JleTaTb YJJ;eT; O)!HaKO OH 06a paaa OT-
.neJlaJIcjI TOJlbKO raynTBaxToH. JIeTHbIe Ka.n:pbI TasIJIH eIl{e JJ;IDKe
H He noyqaCTBOBaB TOJIKOM B 60eBbIX .neHcTBHjlX. To jKe caMoe
npOHCXO)!HJlO H BO <ppaHUY3cKOH, H B aHrJlHHCKOH aBHaUHH.
Y PYCCKHX Ha IOJKHOM c!>poHTe ynaJIo qHCJlO CaMOJleTOB C 99 OT
HaqaJIa BOHHbI )!O 6 B )!eKa6pe 1914 r.
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HeMaJlo 6bIJIO CJlyqaeB, KOr)!a B nOJIeTe OTJleTaJla 0611IHBKa,
06J1aMbIBaJIHCb KpbIJIbjl, KOHeu BaJla )!BHraTeJI.R BMeCTe C BHH-
TOM, JlOMaJIHCb paCqaJIKH H np. qacToH npHqHHOH rH6eJIH JleT-
qHKOB 6bIJla OCTaHOBKa MOTopa Ha B3J1eTe».
Cpe)!HHH CpOK CJlYJK6bI CaMOJleTa.no KanHTaJlbHOrO peMOH-
Ta COCTaBJljlJI 2-3 MeCjlua, 06mC}jl ,ltOJlrOBeqHOCTb He npeBbI-
rna.lIa 9 MeCjlueB, )!BHraTeJI.R - 500 qaCoB.J]:o nepBoH nepe60p-
KH )!BHraTeJlb pa60TaJI OKOJlO 50 qaCOB.
PeMOHT CHJlaMH aBHanapKOB B03BpaIUaJl B CTpOM OKOJIO
1914 lOa
151
50 % MalUMH. 'B POCCHH BO BpeMg BOHHbI 6bIJIO 7 aBHarrapKOB. *
CaMbIM KpynHbIH napK 6bIJI B BaprnaBe.
OJJ;HOBpeMeHHo B aBManapKe 06bP.IHO peMOHTHpOBaJIOCb OT
30 ,AO 40 CaMOJIeTOB. I1apK 6bIJI crroco6en CH TbC C MeCTa H
nepe6a3HpoBaTbc B 2-3 ,AH . TaK KaK 06CJIYJKHBaHHe aBHaOT-
p ,AOB CMJIbHO 3aTpYJJ;H JIOCb OTJJ;aJIeHHOCTbIO rrapKOB, 6bIJII1
opraHH30BaHHbI crreI..{HaJIbHbIe peMOHTHbIe rroe3,Aa. TIepBbIH
TaKOH noe3JJ; rrO BHJIC B POCCHM Ha 3arra,n;HoM <ppoHTe B OK-
T 6pe 1914 r. BHaqaJIe rroe3,A COCTO JI H3 3-x BarOHOB, Brro-
CJIe,ACTBHH MX qHCJIO ,AOCTHrJIO 50.
To :>Ke caMoe rrpOMCxO,AHJIO M B aBHaqaCTHX ,ApyrMx BOIO-
IOll.{HX rocY,AapcTB.
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MaHMM B 3TOM MeCHI..{e ,AJI peIlleHH np06JIeM aBHaqaCTeH 6bIJIa
C03,AaHa I1HcneKI..{M JIeTqHKOB».
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B 3TOM MeCRue 6pHTancKMMH B03,n:YIllHbIMM pa3Be,AQMKa-
MH 6bIJIa npoH3Be,n:eHa nepBaH y,AaqHasI a3pocpoTOC'beMKa rro-
3HUHH B paMoHe JJ;. HeBIllaTeJIb.
K 3TOMY Mec uy, YCTynHB Harropy rrOHueB, fepMaHH JIM-
IllHJIaCb Bcex CBOMX KOJIOHMaJIbHbIX BJIa,n:eHMM Ha THXOM OKeaHe.
B 3TOM MeC I..{e BCTynMJIa B BOHHY Ha cTopoHe fepMaHHH
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1 HOR6pR - fHH,n:eH6ypr H3 nepeXBaqCHHoti pa.n:MorpaM-
MbI Y3naeT 0 HaMepelIH X pyccKoro KOMaH):{oBaHH I1OCJIe 120
BepcTHoro n peCJIe,n:oBaHM OCTaHOBI1Tb nexoTY ,n:JI5I nOJ1;rOTOB-
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51rroHI1 OqeHb aKTMBHO MCrrOJIb30BaJIa B 60eBblx ,AeHcTBM-
x Bce CBOM ceMb aapOrrJIaHOB. OHM BbIrrOJIH JIM pa3Be,AKY YK-
perrJIeHI1H, 60M60MeTaHI1e Ha 6eperOBbIe 6aTapeM 11 ,ApyrMe
06'beKTbI 060POHbI. BoeHHbIM JIeTql1KaM BrrepBbIe B MCTOpHH
aBMaUI1M CTaBMJIaCb 3aJJ;aqa rro 06HapYJKeHMIO rrO,ABO,AHbIX MMH-
HbIX 3arpIDK,AeHMH, C KOTOpOH OHM ycrrelliHo CrrpaBMJIMCb. O,A-
HaKO, HeCMOTp Ha yrropHbIe, npaKTl1'lIeCKM e:>Ke,AHeBHble rrOJIeTbI
Bcex ceMM MallMH, aBMaUI1 He OKa3aJIa cepbe3Horo BJII1 HM Ha
XO,A 60eIibIX ,AeHCTBI1H - KaK M3-3a CBoell MaJIOqMCJIeHHOCTM, TaK
H I13-3a HeCOBeprneHCTBa M CJIa60CTM 60M60BOH HarpY3KM. 3a
Bce BpeM 60eBbIX ,AeHCTBMH, HeCMOTpH Ha XOpOllIO opraHM30-
BaHHbIH 3arpa,ltMTeJIbHbIH orOHb repMaHCKOH apTMJIJIepMM, rrOH-
UbI He rrOTep JIM HI1 oJUloro aapOrrJIaHa. TIpM BCTpeqaX B B03,Ay-
xe C eJ];HHCTBeHHbIM repMaHCKI1M JIeTtIMKOM rrpOTI1BHHKM rrOHa-
qa.ny 06MeHHBaJII1Cb rrpMBeTCTBM MM, M JIMllib B rrOCJIe,AHMH
1914 lOa
153
'"
MeCgn nYJUIMI1 M3 JII1t.IHOrO OpYJKMg, TCM CaMbIM eme pa3 JJ;OKa-
3bIBaJI HeM36eJKHOCTb MMeHHO TaKoro pa3BI1TM.H OTHOIlleHI1H
MeJKJJ;Y aBl1aTOpaMM BpaJK.n.YlOmMX CTOpOH.
Hal160JIbllll1M I1HTepec npe.n.CTaBJI eT pa60Ta repMaHCKoro
BoeHHoro JIeTt.II1Ka 06ep-JIeMTeHaHTa IlJIIOlliOBa. 'On ocymecT-
BJIgJI BCIO 60eBYIO pa60TY O.n.I1H, He JJ;onYCKaH aBCTpl1Mua K CBO-
eM MaIIIMHe. ABCTpMMCKMM JIeTt.II1K Bce BpeM aKTI1BHO pa6o-
TaJI Ha.n. BQCCTaHOBJIeHMeM CBoero annapaTa. Y1.J:I1TbIBaH MaJIbIe
pa3MepbI M HeY.l{o6cTBO 3IDKaToro MeJK rop e.l{I1HCTBeHHoro Kpe-
nOCTHoro a::>po.n.poMa, OH 3ao.n.HO peIllI1JI YCTaHoBMTb Ha CBoeM
annapaTe BMeCTO IlIaCCM nOnJIaBKM. B ::>TOT .n.CHb OH KaK pa3
3aKOHt.II1JI pa60TY, O.l{HaKO, BMeCTO Toro, "IT06bI I1cnbITaTb CBoe
.n.eTMll.(e B nOJIeTe, BbIHY)KJ{eH 6bIJI C)Ket.Ib annapaT.
IlJIIOIIIOB B nepBbIe MeC UbI, TaK )Ke KaK 11 Ha EBponeMcKoM
TeaTpe, caM Ha3Hat.IaJI ce6e 3a,u,at.IM, JIeTaJI Ky.n.a ClJI1TaJI UY)KHbIM
11 6pocaJI 60M6bI JIMllib MMMOXO.n.OM*. OH JIeTaJI npaKTl1"1eCKM
KIDKllbIM .n.eHb, 6pocaH Ha naJIy6bI HenpM TeJI Kocpei1HbIe 6aH-
KI1, Ha"lMHeHHbIe nopoxoM 11 MeJIKMMI1 )KeJIe3KaMM, KOTopbIe
B3pblBaJIMCb e.l{Ba JIM He 1.Iepe3 O.l{HY, M pery JI pHO OCYll{eCTBJI JI
· B :-)TOM CMblCJIC J1l1TCpCCIiO C13HJ1CTCJlbCTBO XOpOIllO 1I0llHMa13111CrO :illayC-
III,IC al3HallH 11 JIIOJ1CIIJ10p<}>a laKaly"c TalillclI6cprcKoi1 1I06CJlbl, B KOTOpoii
repMallCK aBH3IlH.H CblrpaJla 3I1aLfHTCJlbIlY'0 pOJlh. EII1C IICCKOJlbKO CJIY-
LfaHrloCTCH HMCJIH MCCTO, IIpC)KJ1C YCM Mhl CMOrJIH OKOIlLfaTCJlbllO YUCPHThC5I B
li06CJ1C. Pallo YTpoM 29 aBrYCTa Mbl Y311aJIH H3 J10IICCCIIHH JICTLfHKa, YTO IIC-
IIpl1.HTCJlbCKHii apMciicKUW KOPIlYC J1BuraCTC}1 C lora lIa HaHJ1CII6ypr H Y)KC
IIpH6Jnf)KaCTC.H K ropoJ1Y.... CYJl.H JlO TOMY, YTO J10IICCCIIHC JICTLfHKa Jla3l3allO
CJIYLfaHllocThIO, CHCTCMa IIpOBCJ1CIUHI pa;iUCJ1KH B IICpBhlC MCC llbI130HIIbl ClllC
IIC 6blJla oTpa60Talia 1I0JilIOCTbi0 a TOJlbKO YCTallal3JIHBaJlaCb H lIa KOIITI1I1CII-
TC. ECJIH H IICpBblC LfHCJla a13rYCTa I3CC IIpcJ1CTa13JUIJIOCb BIIOJIlIC IIpaBHJlhllO
opralnl30BalillbiM «I>pallllY3CKHC JICTLfUKH CTporo 110 rpa(I>HKY JICTaJllllia pa:J-
BCJ1KY 110 "pCJ1BapHTCJlbIl0 paCllpCJ1CJIClillbiM CCKTOpaM, LfTO, OJlllaKO, IIC CII3C-
JIO 11X 01' IICO)KHJlaIiIiOCTH 1I0}lBJICIIH}1 11CIIIICJIHila 1I0Jl HaIlCH), TO C lIaLfaJIOM
aKTHBllblX 60CBhlX J1CHCT13Hii TaKa}1 oprallH3allH}I pa60Tbi 6hlCTpO lIapYIIIH-
JlaCb IIco6xOJ1HMOCTbi0 pClllaTb IIC BXOJl.H1I1HC 13 rpaq>HK TaKTHLfCCKI1C ;iaJlaLfH.
l1JI '1'01'0 )KC, LfT06hl pa60TaTb 110 rpa(I>11KY H pClllaTb IIOCTO}IIIIIO 130;iIlHKaI0-
1I1HC 60CBhlC 3aJlaYI1, Tpc60BaJloch rOpa3Jlo 60JlbiliC Mallnili. TI03TOMY B IICp-
BIJIC MCC}l1l1J1 MlIonlC cCKTopa tPpOIiTa OCTaBaJIHCb 6C3 DIIHMaIlH}1 aBHaUHI1,
LfTO IIpUBOJ1HJI0 K IIc06paTHMbIM IIOCJICJ1CTBH}lM. HallpHMCp, rcpMallcKHc pa;i-
I3CJ!YH KH, YI3JICLfCIlIl hlC lIaCTy"aTCJlbll bIM 1I0pbIBOM, IIC CMOrJI H CBOCl3pCMCil 110
0611apY:>KHTb IIcpcrpYllllHpOBKY >pallllY3CKHX Bo icK, 13 PC3YJlhTaTC Lfcro <}>Jlall-
rOBblw YJlap 6-i1 apMHH MOIIYPH IIpaKTHLfccKH IIpCJlpClIlHJI HCXOJ1IIC TOJlhKO
MapllCKoro Cpa:>KCIIH}I, 110, B03MO:>K1I0, H I3CC 1 BOCIlIIOH KaMllaIlHH.
154'
A8uau,UR BeJlUKOU 80U1lbl
pa3Be.l{KY. IIocTerreHHo KOMaH.l{OBaHMe KperrOCTM OC03HaJIO BCIO
ueHHOCTb ero pa60TbI, M Kpyr 06 3aHHOCTeH IlJIIOIllOBa paCIlIM-
pMJIC . OH CTaJI OTbICKMBaTb 6aTapeM npOTMBHMKa M KOppeKTM-
pOBaTb orOHb apTMJIJIepMM. HeCMOTp Ha MHOrOqMCJIeHHbIe no-
nbITKM rrOHneB C6MTb ero, IlJIIOIliOB CMor coxpaHMTb CBO:H arr-
napaT B ueJIOCTM .l{0 caMoro nOCJIe,lJ;HerO ,lJ;H 6JIOKa,lJ;bI, JIeTaH
.l{IDKe Ha CaMO,lJ;eJIbHbIX BMHTax. 0 ero 3HaqeHMM ,l(JI 060pOH IO-
mMXC XOpOIliO CBM.l{eTeJIbCTByeT CJIe,lJ;YIOmee HarrYTCTBMe, .l{aH-
Hoe eMY HaKaHYHe rran:eHM KperrOCTM HaqanbHMKOM IlITa6a 060-
pOHbI: IloMHMTe, IlJIIOIlIOB, BbI Tenepb ,lJ;JI ll.MHt(ao BaiKHee Ha-
CYll{HOrO XJIe6a. B03BpamaHTecb caMM M coxpaHMTe a3pOnJIaH.
11 ,lJ;YMaM:Te TaK:>Ke 0 TOM, KaK MaJIO Y Hac CHap ,lJ;OB, M \lTO MbI
3,lJ;eCb MX paCCTpeJIMBaeM no BaIIIMM Ha6JIIOJJ;eHM5IM . B YCJIOBM-
5IX ropHOH MeCTHOCTM Y rapHM30Ha KpenOCTH M B caMOM ,lJ;eJIe He
6bIJIO HMKaKOM: MHOM: B03MO:>KHOCTM 06HapY:>KMBaTb MeCTa JI.MC-
JIOKaUMM: 6aTapeM: H BOHCK rrpOTHBHHKa.
nepe,lJ; 3aH TMeM KperrOCTH nOHuaMM, nJIlOlliOB CYMeJI
BbIJIeTeTb CO BceMH ,lJ;OKYMeHTaMM B HanpaBJIeHHM IleKHHa.
HenO,lJ;aJIeKY OT CTOJIMUbI KHTaH OH C:>Ker CBOM: CaMOJIeT H, 6y-
,lJ;yqH HHTepHHpOBaH KHTaM:CKMM rrpaBMTeJIbCTBOM, CMor, B KOH-
ue KOHUOB, .l{06paTbC .l{0 fepMaHMM.
8 HOR6pR - PycCKl1e BOM:CKa HaXO.l{5ITC Ha JIHHMM <ppoHTa
p. BapTa - MeXOB - TapHoB - p. t{YHaeu - KapnaTbI.
9 HOR6pR - AHrJIMHCKOH 3CKa.n;pOM: B I1H,lJ;HM:cKOM OKeaHe
nOTOrrJIeH JIerKHM: repMaHCKHM: KpeM:Cep 3M.l{eH .
fepMaHcKMe aBMaTopbI pa60TaJIH Ha COBeCTb. 3a TPH Mec -
u;a BOM:HbI, HaqHHa C 15 aBrYCTa, 3-w aBHaOTp ,lJ; 3-ll repMan-
CKOM: apMMM eiKe.l{HeBHO BbIJIeTaJI Ha pa3Be,lJ;KY npHcppoHTOBOll
nOJIOCbI, nporrycTMB JIHllIb ,lJ;Ba ,lJ;O)K.l{JIHBbIX .l{H5I, ,lJ;aiKe HeCMOT-
p Ha TO, qTO 3a 3TO BpeM 18 pa3 CMeHMJI MeCTO 6a3HpoBaHH .
10 HOR6pR - fepMaHcKMe BOM:CKa 3aHMMalOT t{HKCMIO,lJ;.
, fepMaHcKoe KOMaH,lJ;OBaHHe BOCTOqHOrO cppoHTa nepe6pa-
CbIBaeT no iKeJIe3HO:H ,lJ;opore 113 paHOHa qeHcToxOB - KaJIMill
Ha ceBep B paM:OH TopHa (paCCTO HMe OKOJIO 300 KM) 9-10 ap-
MMIO, B03rJIaBJI eMYIO rCHepaJIOM MaKeH3eHoM, a .l{JI ,lJ;ell-
CTBM:H npOTMB PYCCKMX OCTaBJI eT B paHoHe qeHcToxoBa 4 .l{H-
BM3MH nOlI: KOMaH,lJ;OM: reHepaJIa BOM:prna.
1914 lOa
155
1tHOR6pR - HaqHHaeTC JIO.lt3HHCKaR OnepaQMjI. repMaH-
CKOe KOMaHJI-OBaHHe, OnaCaRCb, qTO pYCCKl1e 3HalOT 0 3aMbICJIe
OnepaltMI1 11 0 COCpe]!OTOqeHHH BOMCK, CXO]!y 6pocaeT 9-10 ap-
MHIO B HaCT)'nJIeHHe.
12 HOR6pR - 9-jI repMaHCKaH apMH CTpeMHTC OKPYJKMTb
M YHHt.{TOJKHTb Y BJIOl1JIaBCKa JIeBocpJIaHrOBbIH V CI16MpCKHM
Kopnyc 1-M PYCCKOH apMHH; Kopnyc OTXO]!HT.
13 HOR6pR - Bo <I>paHltHI1 CcpOpMHpoBano I OT]!eJIeHHe
60M6ap]!HpOBIl\HKOB (Groupe de Bombardement) 113 annapa-
TOB Bya3eH . A B POCCI1H l1apCKOe PYKOBO]!CTBO (29 OKT 6-
p ) 1914 r. Bce 3aKa3bI Ha ]!aJIbHeHIlIee nOCTpOeHl1e nepBbIX B
Ml1pe TSI)I(eJIbIX MHoroMoTopHbIX CaMOJIeTOB «I1JIbSi MypoMel1
( I1M ) aHHYJIHpOBaJIO, TaK KaK nOCqHTaJIO HX ]!JI BoeHHbIX
3an;aq HenpHrO]!HbIMI1. eJIo B TOM, "ITO B STO BpeMSI I1MeJIOCb
JIHilib HeCKOJIbKO rOTOBbIX Kopa6JIei1, nocTpoeHHbIx ]!JI MHP-
Horo BpeMeHI1, C 60JIbIIIHMH Y]!06HbIMH KaIOTaMI1, KOTopbIe
JIeTaJIH CpaBHI1TeJIbHO HeBbICOKO. a 11 Bo06 e Ha OrpoMHbIe
MHoroMoTopHbIe aSpOnJIaHbI BbICIIIHe KpyrH CMOTpeJIH TOr]!a
B POCCHI1 C 60JIbIlIHM He]!OBepHeM.
CI1KOpCKHM: 3TO He]!OBepHe K 60JIbIIII1M aSpOnJIaHaM
BbI3bIBaJIOCb OTtJaCTI1 TeM, qTO MalIIHHbI TaKoro po]!a, nocTpo-
eHHhIe ]!O Toro BpeMeHI1 3a rpaHl1l1eH, OKa3aJII1Cb HI1Ky]!a He
rO]!HbIMI1 H COBepIlIeHHO He MOrJII1 JIeTaTb .
K KOHUY Ho 6p BO <I>paHltHH ]!eHCTBOBaJIO y)Ke 6 aBl1a-
OTP ]!OB aHrJII1MCKOM aBHal1HI1 BMeCTO nepBoHatJaJIbHbIX 4.
14 HOR6pR - 5- , 4- 11 9- pYCCKl1e apMHI1 nepeXO]! T B
HacTynJIeHl1e. 9- repMaHCKaH apMHSI nO]!XO]!I1T K p. B3ypa.
15 HOR6pR - KOMaH]!YIO I1H CeBepo-3an3JJ;HbIM <ppOHTOM
Haql1HaeT neperpynnl1pOBKY PYCCKI1X BOMCK. 9- apMI1 Ma-
KeH3eHa HaHOCI1T nOpa)KeHl1e II Kopnycy 1-H PYCCKOM apMl111 y
p. B3YPbI.
Ha C/Jpa1lUJj3cKoM meampe BOMHbI aHrJIHMCKaH 60M6ap]!l1-
pOBOtJHasI aBl1aUH nO]!OJKrJIa CKJI3JJ; 6eH3HHa B OCTeH]!e.
16 HOR6pR - 2- apMI1S1 MaKeH3eHa npl1cTynl1JIa K OKPy-
)KeHI1IO 2-M PYCCKOM apMI1I1, KOTOpaR, 6y]!yql1 060fu!eHHoM C
npaBoro cpJIaHra, 3aH JIa ]!yro06pa3HOe paCnOJIOJKeHl1e B paM-
OHC JIOL(3H.
156
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80U'1lbl
17 HOR6pR - 4- PYCCKaH apMH B03BpalQaeTC B COCTaB
IOro-3anaJ(Horo <ppoHTa. MaKeH3eH npeJ(npHHHMaeT OXBaT
JIOJ(3H C BOCTOKa H IOra, HO Ha ero nYTH BCTaIOT J(Ba Kopnyca
5-H PYCCKOH apMHH.
18 HOR6pR - repMaHCKa5I aBHaUH 60M6apJ(HpyeT AMbeH
H MOHJ(H.n;be.
20 HOR6pR - HacTynJIeHHe MaKeH3eHa rrpHOCTaHOBJIeHO.
21 HOR6pR - OKOJIO J(BYX KopnYCOB PYCCKHX H3 paHOHa
JIoBIP-Ia BXOJ( T B corrpHKOCHOBeHHe C rrpaBbIM <l>JIaHrOM 2-H
apMHH BOCTOtJHee JIOJ(3H y 5pe3HHbI; 06XOJ(HaH repMaHCKa5I
rpyrrrra Ille<l><I>epa caMa OKa3bIBaeTC B oKpYiKeHHH. OKpY)Ke-
HHe PYCCKHMH rpynrrbI III e<l> <I> ep a BHJIOCb rrOJIHOH HeOiKHJ(aH-
v
HOCTbIO J(JI repMaHcKHx BOHCK.
Ha (/Jpa'1l Y3cKOM meampe npoBoJ(HTC 60M6apJ(HpoBKa
aHrJIHqaHaMH 3JIJIHHrOB errneJIHHOB BO cDpHJ(pHxcracpeHe.
22 HOR6pR - Ha BOCTotJHo-eBporreHcKoM cppoHTe rropa-
iKeHHeM aBCTpo-repMaHCKHX BOMCK 3aBepllIHJIaCb JIOJ(3HHCKa5I
onepaU:H , HatJaBllIa5IC 11 Ho 6p . OJ(HaKo H pYCCKHe BbIHYiK-
.n;eHbI 6bIJIH OTKa3aTbC OT HacTynJIeHH Ha 5epJIHH. BOHcKa
06eHx CTOpOH Ha BceM <ppoHTe nepellIJII1 K 060poHe.
23 HOR6pR - rpyrrna IIle<l><pepa nbITaeTCH BbIHTH 113 OK-
PYiKeHH .
24 HOR6pR - OiKecTotJeHHble 60H MeiKJ(Y rpyrrrroH Ille<l>-
<pepa H 6-H CH6HpCKOH J(HBH3HeH 1-H PYCCKOH apMHH; OCTaT-
KI1 rpynrrbI IIle<l><I>epa rrpOpBaJIHCb 113 OKpY)KeHI1 Ha ceBepo-
BOCTOK.
KOMaHJJ;oBaHHe XVIII apMeHcKoro Kopnyca TeJIerpacpl1po-
BallO B IlITa6 9-H PYCCKOH apMHH, tJTO JIeT1JHKH aBl1aOTpH.n;a
06YtJaIOTC rrOJIeTaM Ha 3aXBatJeHHbIX HeMeltKHx annapaTax H
BBHJ(Y 3Toro B03J(YIIIHa5I pa3BeJ(Ka He MO)KeT 6bITb BblnOJIHeHa.
EKA6Pb
YJJ;eT: .,l!eKa6pbCKOe He60 XOJIOJ(HO 11 CHO, 3eMJIH JIOMKa5I
OT Mop03a. ECJIH XOpOIIIO 3aKYTaTbC H CMa3aTb JIl1ltO MaCJIOM,
nOJIeT CTaHOBHTC J(IDKe npIDITHbIM. llOt.{TH KaK KaTaHbe B caH-
KaX no 06JIaKaM .
1914 lOa
157
1 iJe'Ka6pR - IIepBbIH repMaHcKHH a3pOrrJIaH 6bIJI ocna-
IUeH pa,l(110arrnapaTYPoH, n03BOJI BIIlCH eMY JIeTaTb Ha,lJ; JII1HI1-
eM cppoHTa 11 co06maTb 0 pacnOJIO:>KeHHI1 cppaHQY3CKI1X H anr-
v... u
JIl1liCKI1X coeJJ,I1HeHI1H apTI1JIJIepHH M rrcpeJ{BI1:>KeHH X BOHCK.
Ha PYCCKOM f/Jpo1-l1ne repMaHCKl1e BOHCKa rrpeJ{rrpHHI1Ma-
lOT HOBoe HacTynJIeHHe Ha 2-10 11 5-10 pYCCKl1e apMHI1; pa3BO-
paqHBalOTC yrropHble 60H C 60JIblIlHMH rrOTep MI1. feHepaJI
PeHHeHKaMrrcp CH T C J{OJI:>KHOCTI1 KOMaHJJ,YIOIUero 1- ti apMHeti.
4-5 iJeKa6pR - I CPpaHUY3cKoe OTJJ.eJIeHl1e 60M6apJJ.l1pOB-
IUI1KOB aTaKOBaJIO cI>pati6ypr. DOM6apJ{l1pOBKa, COrJIaCHO rep-
MaHCKI1M HCTotJHHKaM, rrpHBeJIa K MHOrO'-lI1CJIeHHbIM '-IeJIOBe-
qeCKHM :>KepTBaM.
Co Bcex CTOpOH 11, npe:>KJ{e Bcero, co CTOpOHbI BOeHHOH: rrpo-
MbllIlJIeHHOCTH rrOJJ.H T Bonpoc 0 He06xoJ{HMOCTH YCI1JIeHH5I
rrpoTHBoB03J{yrnHOH: 060POHbI TbIJIa. IIpI1H TO perneHl1e 0 rre-
peJJ.eJIKe TpocpeH:HbIX PYCCKMX H cppaHUY3cKHX 3eHHTHbIX opy-
,nI1M M npoTHBoB03J{YlliHOH 060POHbI TbIJIa.
6 iJeKa6pR - MeTaJIJIH'-IeCKa5I CTpeJIa, ypOHeHHa C cppaH-
U:Y3CKoro aapOrrJIaHa, CMepTeJlbHO paHI1JIa CI1JJ.eBlllero BepXOM
HeMeUKoro reHepaJIa.
8oe'Ka6pR - B POCCI111113 C03J{aHHbIX 11.11. CI1KOpCKHM*
60JIbllII1X CaMOJIeTOB I1JIb MYPoMeu ( I1M ) rroJ{ IIeTep-
6yproM 06pa30BaHa rrepBa5I B MHpe aCKMpa T :>KeJIbIX MHoro-
MOTOpHblX a3pOrrJIaHOB, KOTopa rrpe:>KJ{e Bcero npeJ{Ha3HatJa-
JIaCb JJ.JI JJ.aJIbHeH pa3BeJ{KI1. DJIaroJ{ap aHTY3Ha3MY KOHCT-
PYKTopa Ii ero copaTHHKOB K KOHU:Y Ho 6p51 YJJ.aJIOCb C03J{aTb
HOBbIH B03,nYIIIHbIH: Kopa6JIb, KOTOpbIH: JIeTaJI 6bICTpee H nOl{-
HHMaJIC 3Ha'-lI1TeJIbHO BbIlIle. OJJ.HaKO, HeCMOTp Ha CTOJIb 3Ha-
'-II1TeJIbHYIO rpY30rrOJ{'beMHOCTb, rrpeJJ:Ha3Ha'-laJIC rrpe:>KJJ.e Bce-
ro J{JI J{aJIbHeH: pa3BeJJ.KI1.
O'-leHb xapaKTepHbIH: cpaKT. OT aBl1aUMI1 :>KJJ.aJIH rrpe:>KJJ.e
Bcero CTpaTerl1tJeCKOH pa3BeJ{KI1, He rrpeJJ.nOJIara 3a HeH: HH-
KaKOH: J{pyrOH: JJ.eH:CTBeHHOH: rrOMOmH. B fepMaHHH aBHaUI10H-
Hble CI1JIbI 11 Bo06me 6blJIM nouatJaJIY pa3MemeHbI B crrHCKe
· CHKOpCKHH Hropb l1oalloBH4 (1889-1972) - PYCCKHH aOHaKOIICTPYK-
TOp. IIocTpOHJI IlCpBhlC B MHpC T DKCJlhIC MllorOMOTopllblC CaMOJICTbl Pyc-
CKHH DHTjl3b. H .MJlbjl MYPOMCU.. B 1919 r. aMHrpHpOBaJI B ClllA.
158
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80U1lbl
Me)KJ(Y HH)I(eHepHbIMH BOHCKaMH H BOHCKaMH CBH3H. IIoToMY
1ITO aBHaUH}I nOHa1IaJIY paCCMaTpHBaJIaCb JIHIlIb KaK BCnOMO-
raTeJIbHOe cpeJ(CTBO He TOJIbKO J(JIH pa60TbI neXOTbi H IlITa60B,
HO H J(JIH pa60Tbi apTHJIJIepHH, Ha KOTOpyIO B03JIaraJIaCb OC-
HOBHa5I y.n:apHa5I CHJIa.
M. B. I1lHJ(JIOBCKHH, npeJ(ceJ(aTeJIb PYCCKO- DaJITHHCKOro
BarOHHoro 3aBOJ(a (PDB3) 6bIJI OJ(HHM H3 HaH60JIee BaiKHbiX
3aIl{HTHHKOB CHKopCKoro. OnHpa51Cb Ha nepeJIeT CHKopCKoro
H3 CaHKT- IIeTep6ypra B MOCKBY, IIlHJ(JIOBCKHH J(OKa3bIBaJI B
CBoeM ONeTe, qTO MYPOMeu - MOIl{HM B03J(YllIHa5I MaIIIHHa,
H npeJ(ynpe)K.l1aJI, 1ITO JII060H OTKa3 OT HCnOJIb30BaHHH 3THX
B03J(YIlIHbIX CY]!OB - npecTyneH.
CTaBKa COrJIaCHJIaCb C n03HUHeH IIlHJ(JIoBcKoro H npeJ(JIO-
u u
:>KHJIa eMY npHHHTb JIHqHO KOMaHJ(OBaHHe HOBOH 3CKaztpHJIbeH
MYPOMueB, KOTOpM J(OJI:>KHa 6bIJIa 6bITb HaaBaHa 3CKaztPOH
B03J(YIlIHbIX Kopa6JIeH (3BK). CTaBKa Ha3Ha1IHJIa llIMJJ;JIOBCKO-
ro KOMaHJ(HpOM 3BK B J(eKa6pe 1914 r. KaK BbICOKonOCTaBJIeH-
HbIH qHHOBHHK H rocYJ(apcTBeHHbIH COBeTHHK lllHJ(JIOBCKHU
6bIJI npoH3BeJ(eH B reHepaJI-MaHOpbI pOCCHHCKOH apMHH. l!JIH
J(OJIJKHOCTH CBoero nOMOIl{HHKa llIHJ(JIOBCKHM BbI6pan npo<pec-
copa HHKOJIaeBCKOH BoeHHo-HHiKeHepHoH aKa,l(eMHH nOJIKOB-
HHKa B.<I>. HaHJ(eHoBa, KOTOpbIH paHee CJIYjf(HJI B BoeHHoH aBHa-
U;HH H 6bIJI XOpOlliO H3BeCTeH B Kpyrax aapoHaBToB.
OJ(HaKo 3Ha1IeHHe 3Toro J(HH J(JlH PYCCKOH aBHaUHH He HC-
1IepnbiBaeTCH OJ(HHM TOJIbKO 3THM C06bITHeM.
OJ(HOBpeMeHHO C 3THM PYCCKHH u;apb HHKOJIaW II YTBep-
]!HJI peIlIeHHe BoeHHoro COBeTa 0 paaJ(eJIeHHH aBHaUHH Ha TH-
:>KeJIYIO, nOJ(tIHHeHHYIO IIITa6y BepxoBHoro rJIaBHOKOMaH]!YIO-
u
mero, H JIerKYIO, HCnOJIb3yeMYIO B HHTepecax apMHH H Kopny-
u u
COB J(eHCTBYIOIl{HX apMHH.
DOJIee Toro, B 3TOT ]!eHb no npHKa3Y rJIaBHOKOMaHJ(YIOIl.{e-
ro 6- H PYCCKOH apMHeH 3a N2 90 6bIJIa C03J(aHa OJ(Ha H3 nepBbiX
CHCTeM 3aIl{HTbI OT B03J(YIIIHOro Han3J(eHHH BOKpyr fIeTporpa-
J(a. ,l{JIH 3TOH ueJIH HCnOJIb30BaJIHCb 6aTapeH 3eHHTHoH apTHJI-
JIepHH, ceTb nOCTOB B03J(YIIIHoro Ha6JIIOJ(eHHH H aBHaU;HOHHbIC
3KHnIDKH, npeJ(Ha3HatIeHHbIe CneUHaJIbHO ]!JIH 60pb6bI C JIeTa-
TeJIbHbIMH annapaTaMH npoTHBHHKa. PYKOBoJ(HTeJIeM B03J(YIll-
1914 lOa
159
IIOH 060POHbI IleTporpaJJ;a 11 I1MnepaTOpCKOM pe311,l1eJIl.1l1l1 B
Il.apcKoM CeJIe CTaJI reHepaJI-MaMOp, r.B. 5YPMaH*.
15 iJeKa6pR - B 3TOM MeC5Iue pYCCKa51 'aBHaUI151 BnepBbIC
B I1CTOpl111 BOMH np05lBI1JIa ce651 eme B O,l1HOM OqeHb IIOJIe3HOM
JJ;JI5I BeJJ;eHI151 BoeHIIbIX JJ;eHcTBH5I KatJeCTBe - ocaJJ;e KpcnocTeH.
TIOJJ;P06HaH pa3Be,l1Ka YKpenJIeHHH, HaBe,l1eHHe apTI1JIJIep1111 H
6oM6oMeTaHI151 co6cTBeHHo C a3pOnJIaHOB HaMHoro ynpocTH-
JIH npou;ecc B351TH5I KpenocTeM. 1< nOJJ;06I1oMY aKTI1BHOMY I1C-
nOJIb30BaHl1IO aBl1aIJ;HI1 PYCCKoe KOMaHJJ;OBaHl1e npHHY,l1I1JIO
OTCYTCTBl1e T5I)KeJIOM oCa.J{noll apTI1JIJIepHI1 H KaTacTpo<pHtJec-
KI1H netI-OCTaTOK B 3TOT nepl1o)'! B PYCCKOH apMl111 apTI1JIJICpvIl1-
CKHX CHap5ltI-OB.
113 IllTa6a IOro-3ana,l1Horo <ppOHTa HatJaJIbHHKY ABl1aKaH-
ua: B JJ;onOJIHeHl1e K ,l10KJIaJ.{Y MoeMY BallieMY BbICOKonpeBOC-
XOJJ;I1TeJIbCTBY N2 1355 OT (28 H05l6p5l) c. r. ,l10KJIa.J{bIBalO, tJTO
IlpeJJ:fIpHH5ITOe aBl1aUl'lOHHbIMH OTp5lJJ;aMI1 MeTaHl1e 60M6 B Kpe-
nOCTb nepeMbIIIIJlb 11 <poTorpa<pl1pOBaHHe ee YKpeneJIeHUI1 YC-
neIllHO npOJJ;OJI)KaIOTC5I.
3a BpeM5I C (18) no (28 H05l6p5l) BpecT-JIHToBCKI1M Kpe-
nOCTHbIM H 24-M KopnYCHbIM aBHal!110HHbIMH OTp5lJJ;aMH 6bIJIO
c6porneHo 23 60M6bI 061 HM BeCOM 29 nYAOB 15 <PYUT., H3 HHX
no 2 nYJJ;. 30 <PYHT. - 8, no 1 nYJJ;. 20 <PYHT. - 1, 25 <PYUT. - 8 H
no 5 <PYHT. - 6. ,l{Ba nOJIeTa 6bIJIH HCnOJIb30BaHbi ,l1JI5I <pOTO-
rpa<pl1poBaUI151 YKpenJIeHHH KpenOCTI1.
MCTaHHe 60M6 np0I13BOJJ;HJIOCb B OPYJJ;HHHbIH CKJIa,l1, CKJIa-
JJ;bl CHap5lJJ:OB, 3JIeKTpH4ecKYlO CTaHIJ;I1IO, MeCTa pacnOJIO)KeUH5I
c<pepl1'-1eCKOrO a3pOCTaTa 11 ra30JJ;o6bIBaHI151 11 B Ka3apMbl.
no CBeJJ;eHH5IM, nOJIYtJeHHbIM IllTa60M 2-ti apMHI1 nYTeM
onpoca nJIeHHbIX, BbI5ICHeHO, t{TO c6poIlleHHbIe HaIllHMI1 JIeT-
4HKaMl1 60M6bI npl1tJHHl1JIH nOBpe:>KJ1CHI151 3JleKTpl1l1eCKOII
CTaHlJ.HI1, Ka3apMaM Y JIaHCKOro nOJIKa, o603aM H np0113BCJIH
MHoro nOJKapOB.
Ilpc,l1npHH5IToe HaIlll1MH aBl1a1.(MOHIIbIMH OTp5l.n:aM 11 , 3I1Cp-
* EYPMali fcoprllii BJlaJlHMHPOBH4 (1865-1922) - rCJlCpaJl-MaHop (1910).
01(011 tB1J1 H H 1(0JlaCBCKOC BOCIlIIO-H IDKCIICpliOC YLf H.'nlillC; lIaLfaJI bliH K 0<1>11-
IlCpCI(OH 3JICKTpOTCXIIlI t lCCKOH III KOJI hI. PYKOBOJUIJI B03JlYIIIIIOii 06opoll0 i
CTOJlIlIlbl JlO BCCllbl 1918 r.
160
A8ua UR BeJlUKOU 80Ullbl
rl-PIHOe 60M60MeTaHHe H rrpHTOM 60M6aMH 60JIbIllOrO BeCa, rro-
BH,IU1MOMY, rrpOH3BeJIO CHJIbHOe MOpaJIbHOe BrreqaTJIeHHe Ha
v
rapHH30H OCa)K1-(eHHOH KperrocTH.
II peJKHee, cJIa60e cpaBHHTeJIbHO, 06CTpeJII1BaHI1e HaIllI1X
annapaToB CMeHHJIOCb yparaHHbIM 06CTpeJlOM KaK apTHJIJIe-
pHHCKHM, TaK H rry JIeMeTHbIM, .n:aJKC B paHoHe KperrocTH, r.n:e
OCKOJIKH H IlIparrHeJIbHbIe rry JIH MorYT HaHeCTI1 Bpe.n: caMHM
CTpeJI IOIU:HM. Ha6JIIO.n:eHHHMH YCTaHOBJIeHO, qTO BOKpyr o.n:-
Horo anrrapaTa 3a rrOJIeT rrpoHcxo.n:HJIO .n:o 300 IllparrHeJIbHbIX
pa3pbIBOB.l{O 6pocaHHH 60M6 60JlbIllOrO Beca rrpe.lI.CTaBJIHJIaCb
B03MO)KHOCTb JIeTaTb Ha BbICOTe 1200 MeTpOB, Terrepb JKe pa3-
pbIBbI CHapH.n:OB Ha6JIIO.n:aJII1Cb Han; arrrrapaTOM rrpH rrOJIeTaX
.n:aJKe Ha BbICOTe 2200 MeTpOB.
TIpe.n:cTaBJI IO 8 HOBbIX CHHMKOB, KOTopbIe rro MHHOBaHI1H
HaJ{o6HOCTH rrpOIllY B03BpaTHTb.
I10JlKOBHHK BapcoB .
EWlKa1-lCKUU meamp BOUllbl
3aBepIlIHJlOCb BTopoe HacTyrrJIeHHe aBCTpO-BeHrepCKHX
BOWCK B Cep6HI1. Cep6cKHe BOHCKa BbITeCHHJIH aBcTpHHueB H
BHOBh 3aHHJIH BeJlrpaJ{. TIepBbIH aTarr 60eBbIx .n:eHcTBHH ABcT-
po- BeHrpHH B Cep6MH He rrpHHec HarraJ{alOIl!eH CTopOHe rro-
1.{TM HHKaKHX .l!OCTI1)KeHHH; HO cep6CKa apMHH o6eCKpOBJIeHa.
16 iJeKa6pR - llpe.n:rrpHHHTa apTHJlJIepl1WCKaH aTaKa C rep-
MaHCKI1X Kopa6JIeH Tpex 6pHTaHcKHx rrpH6peJKHbIX ropo.n:oB
CKap6opo, BHT6H H XapTJI, rrYJI KOTOpM .lI.aJIa B03MOJKHOCTb
6pHTaHuaM pa3BepHYTb CHJIbHYIO rrporraraH.n:y. HeMQbl H306-
pa)l(aJIHCb KaK y611HQbI .n:eTeH. BpHTaHQbI 6bIJIH B IlIOKe; Bnep-
Bble C 1690 r. rrorH6 B HX cTpaHe OT BpaJKeCKOH PYKH MHpHbIH
JKI1TeJIb.
19 iJeKa6pR - OToIlIe.n:IlIl1e PYCCKHe apMl111 3aHHMalOT 060-
POHY Ha py6eJKe peK B3ypa, PaBKa H I-IH.n:a; Ha Bocmotl1-l0 t
cjJpo1-lme HaQHHaeTCH rr03HQI10HHM 60pb6a.
21 iJeKa6pR - TpH 6pHTaHcKHx aapOnJIaHa COBeplllHJIH
rrepBbIH .n:a.nbHI1H peHc .n:JIH 60M6apJJ:l1poBKH, npOJIeTeB OT cppan-
UY3CKoro ropo.n:a BeJIbcpop.n:O CVpl1.lI.pl1XCracpeHa na 03epe I(OH-
CTaHU, r.n:e 6a311pOBaJIHCb HeMeUKHe uenrreJII1HbI. KaJK.n:bIH aapo-
1914 lOa
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PYIuen BOJ{OpOJ{HbIH TaHK. OJ{HH 6pl1TancKlfti IlI1JIOT, cOBep-
llil1Bllil1W BbIHY)I(.lI.eHHYIO rroca,n,KY, 6bIJI aTaKonaH IIeMel{I<I1MI1
rpaJK,lI,aHaMI1 H T$I)I(eJIO nocTpa.n.aJI. CrracJII1 era OT C!\1epTlf TOJIb-
KO rrO.lI.OCneBllIl1e repMaHCKl1e COJI.lI.aTbI.
25 oe1Ca6pR - BowBa B B03J{yxe rrpO.lI.OJIJKaJIaCb .lI.a)l(e B
PO)l(J{ecTBo; 9 6pl1TanCKI1x MOpCKI1X aapOrrJIaHOB aTaKOBaJIH
repMaHcKYIO 6a3Y uerrneJII1HOB B I<YKcraQ:>ene. I13-3a nJIOTHO-
fO XOJIOJ{Horo TYMaHa JIeTql1KI1 He CMor JII1 06HapYJKI1Tb 6a3Y,
HO caM rrOJIeT aapOnJIaHOB Ha,ll. .lI.BYM$I repMaHCKI1MH Kpei1cepa-
MI1 Ha.n;eJIaJI TaKoro rreperrOJIOXa, qTO OJ.{I1H I enrreJLHH nonbI-
TaJIC5I CH$ITbC.H C $IKOP$I 11 rrOBpeJ{I1JI J{PyroH uerrrreJIHH.
B STOT JKe J{eHb repMaHCKHW MOpCKOi1: aapOrrJlan c6poCI1JI 2
60M6bI Ha J{epeBHIO KnHQ:><P OKOJIO rpaBe3YH,lI.a. I-fHKTO 113 )1(11-
TeJIeH ,lI.epeBHH He rrOCTpa.n;aJI.
PYCCKl1e 3anHCKI1 NQ1, $IHBapb 1915 r.: 25 .lI.eKa6p51
1914 r. aHr JIl1qaHe rrp0l13BeJII1 aTaKY aapOnJIanaMI1, KOTopbIe
KOHBOHpOBaJIa He60JIbiliCUI Ha].(BOJ{HaJI 11 rrOJ{BOJUia51 Q:>JIOTHJII1$I,
Ha repMaHCKl1e cY,lI.a, uenrreJII1HbI 11 rl1J{poaapOnJIanbI Y KYI<c-
racpena... B CTa KI1JIOMeTpax K ceBepO-3arra.n:y OT raM6ypra...
3TOT BnOJIHe COBpeMeHHbIi1: I10JIYB03,l1.YIIlHbIH, nOJIYMOPCKOH
60H eCJU1 H He J{aJI aHrJII111anaM Henocpe,ll.CTBeHJibIX 60JIblllHX
pe3YJIbTaTOB, TO BbI3BaJI BO BceH fepMaHI1H 3Hall11TeJIbIlOe 6ec-
rrOKOHCTBO, TO eCTb nOKa3aJI B03MOiKHOCTb Harra,neIIH$I aHrJIH-
qan Ha TaI<He iKI13HeHHbIe ueHTpbl repMaHHI1, KaK raM6ypr...
B 5I6JIOHHY, paCnOJIOIKeHHYIO B 15 KM OT BaplIlaBbI rrpH-
6bIJIW TPH CaMOJIeTa-fHraHTa MM ( MJIb$I MYPoMeu»).
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MOTopHhIe CaMOJIeTbI, C03J1,aHHble B MHpHoe BpeM}I H JlJI$I Ml1p-
HblX ueJIeH, He 6bIJII1 OCHa eHbI HI1KaKI1M BoopYiKeHl1eM.
26 oe1Ca6pR - fla TypelJ,KO.A-t cjJpoume pa3BopallHBaIOTC5I
ynopHble 60H 3a CapbIKaMbllli. Y DocQ:>opa Ha PYCCKHX MHHax
1I0J{opBaJICn repMaHCKI1H KpeHcep re6eH .
30oeKa6pR - IX H X Typel.{KHe Koprryca npcJ1,rrpl1JII1MalOT
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AnrJIHHCKaH aBl1aUI151 60M6apLlHPyeT IoIIKHpxeII.
6 ABHaUH BeJIHKOH BOlfHbI
162
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B pOCCHHCKOH aBHaUHH J{e<pHUHT CaMOJIeTOB H JIeTlJHKOB
CTaHOBHTC yrpOJKaIOIltHM. B p J{e CJIyqaeB OTp J{bl yiKe He
MorYT BblnOJIH Tb 60eBblX 3aJ{aHHH. KanHTaH [OHlJapOB, KO-
MaHJ{Hp aBHaOTp$!,lI.a, HaXOJ{HBllIeroc B pacnOp$!JKeHHH IIITa6a
9-11 apMHH, TeJIerpaqH1pOBaJI KOMaHJ{OBaHHIO B cepeJ{HHe J{e-
Ka6p 1914 r.: B OTp$!J{e annapaTOB lJeTblpe, HO 3J{0POBbIX JIeT-
qHKOB Bcero J{Ba, n03TOMY npOlllY BnpeJ{b J{O BbI3J{opOBJIeHM$!
J{aBaTb OJ{HY I1JIH J{Be 3a,aaqH Ha ,lI.eHb .
CJIeJ{oBaJIO KaK MOJKHO CKopee YBeJIHqHBaTb BblnYCK BO-
eHHblX JIe'PIHKOB B cYIlteCTBYIOlUHX lllKOJIaX H OTKpbIBaTb HO-
BbIe yqe6Hble 3aBeJ{eHI1 .
UTOfU KAMnAHUU 1914 rOAa
1914 ro,ll. 3aBeplllHJIC . [Olt, n$!Tb nOCJIe,ll.HHX MeC$!ueB KO-
Toporo nOJIbIXaJIa BeJIHKa BOHHa. 3TH MeC.HUbI npHHeCJIH
MHOJKCCTBO CMepTel1, pa3PYIIIeHHH, KpYllleHH.H HaJ{eJK,lI. H HJI-
JII03HH. Ho OHH npHHeCJIH H MHOfO HOBblX HJ{eH. [epMaHI1H He
YJ{aJIOCb cOBepinHTb MOJIHHeHOCHYIO BOHHY. 3TH n$!Tb MeC$!-
ueB nory6HJIH penYTaUHIO uenneJII1HOB, HO OTKpblJIH BoeHHblM
fJla3a Ha J{eMCTBHTeJIbHOe 3HaqeHI1e H B03MOJKHOCTH aBHaU,HH.
nOHaqaJIY MecTO, KOTopoe 3aHHMaJIa aBHaUH$! B BoeHHbIX
nJIaHaX, onpeJ{eJI$!JIOCb BeCbMa CKenTHqeCKH. CKenTHUH3M BO-
eHHblX BO MHorOM OCHOBbIBaJIC Ha COCTO$!HHH H YPOBHe ca-
MOM aBHaUHO}-I:HOM TeXHHKH. OHa J{eHCTBHTeJIbHO 6bIJIa ell{e
OqeHb cJIa6a H HeHClJ1eJKHa.
COrJIaCHO npe,ll.CTaBJIeHH.HM 0 xapaKTepe 6Y,ll.YIlteH BOHHbl
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KO KaK pa3BeJ{CTpe,ll.CTBO, cnoco6Hoe npOHHKaTb rJIy6oKo Ha
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KHe J{BH)KeUH.H 60JIbIIIHX Macc BOMCK. Ha HX B3rJI.H,l(, aBHaUH.H
J{OJI)KHa 6blJIa B COTpY,lI.HHqeCTBe C KaBaJlepHeM BeCTH CTpaTe-
rHQeCKYIO H TaKTHQeCKYIO pa3BeJ{KY, Ii HMeHHO 3TO .HBJI.HJIOCb
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1914 lOa
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MHcPOpMaUl11O M T. JJ:.
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npaBJIeHI1H rrpHMeHeHMH aBHaUMI1 CJJ:epJKMBaJIO HaJIHlJHe JJ:M-
pM)Ka6JIeH, $IBHO npeBOCXOJJ:$Ill.{HX a3pOrrJIaHbI B nepeB03Ke 3Ha-
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BOJIHt.IeCKMH JJ:onOJIHMTeJIbHbIfI Bec (,n;o 100 Kr). B pe3Y JIbTaTe
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TOpOB 70-CMJIbHbIX PeHO 11 80-CHJIbHbIX fHOMOB.
ABl1anpOMbIWJIeHHOCTb <DpaHl!I1I1 C HallaJIa BOHHbI, 6Jla-
rOJ{ap51 3aKa3aM BeJIHK06pHTaHMI1, POCCI1M 1111 TaJII1H, HYJKJ{aB-
I11I1XC5I BO MHOJKeCTBe a3pOnJlaHOB 11 npe)KJ{e Bcero MOTOpOB K
HI1M, a TaKJKe HacYll{HOM He06xo,ll,I1MOCTH BOCnOJIH5ITb 6bICTpO
pacTymyIO HY)K,l{Y c06cTBeHHblx BoeHHO-B03J{YIllHbIX CI1JI, Ha-
paml1BaJIa TeMnbI np0I13BOJ{CTBa ropa3J{0 3Hat.II1TeJIbHee, t.IeM B
fepMaHMM. Ho H CPpaHUY3cKa51 aBI1anpOMbIIllJIeHHOCTb CTpaJ{a-
JIa OT TaK Ha3bIBaeMoro BoeHHoro YJ{apa. CKOpO CTaJIO He,ll,O-
CTaTOt.IHO wapHKonOJ{WI1nHI1KOB, CTaJlbHbIX Tpy6 11 Ka6eJIeM, a
TaK)Ke 11 KBaJIl1cpHQHpOBaHHblx pa60t.Il1x. Il03ToMY npOH3BO-
J{MTeJIbHOCTb CPpaHUY3CKOH aBI1anpOMbIlllJIeHHOCTM nOHa4aJIY
J{a)Ke CHI13I1JIaCb B cpeJ{HeM C 96 CaMOJIeTOB B MeC5Iu B 1913 r.
J{O 50 B aBrYCTe 1914 f., 11 JII1Illb 3aTeM CTaJIa BHOBb B03pac-
TaTb - B ceHT 6pe 6bIJIO npOH3BeJ{eHO Y)Ke 62, a B OKT5I6pe -
100 CaMOJIeTOB.
1pe60BaHH MHpOBOH BOMHbI npI1HY)KJ{aJIl1 np0I13BO,ll,I1Te-
JIeM Bcex CTpaH, H3MeHI1Tb no xo,ll, K M0611JII13aUI1I1 H I1CnOJIb-
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npOMbIIllJIeHHOCTb. Cnpoc Ha aBHaUHOHHYIO npOJ{YKl!HIO
HeHMOBepHO B03pOC 6JIarO,ll,ap5l1I0BoMY xapaKTepy c6bITa (60-
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DOJIee Toro, Tenepb, no HCXOJ{Y nepBbIX MeC5IueB 60eBbIX
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JIO OTlJaCTI1 H COBepllJeHHO HOBbIe Tpe60BaHH5I K BoopY)f(eHHbIM
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qTO KacaeTC KOHKpeTHoro npHMeHeHI151 aapOnJIaHOB B
60eBbIX J{eHCTBHHX, TO Y)Ke B 3T01\1 ro,lty 0603Ha411JII1Cb eJ{Ba JII1
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170
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CTBO CMrHaJIM3aUMM CTaJIH paCCMaTpMBaTb B 1914 r. paKeTHM-
uy. Bo cDpaHUHM npMMeH JIMCb, KaK npaBMJIO, CJIe.lI.YIOII.J.Me YBe-
.lI.OMJIeHM : apTHJIJIepM CHaqaJIa CTpeJI JIa Ha )(aJIeKOe
paCCTO HMe, a apTHa6JIIO.n;aTeJIb KpacHoH paKeToH KoppeKTH-
pOBaJI .n;aJIbHIOIO, a 3eJIeHOH - 6JIMJKHIOIO CTpeJIb6 3aTeM YC-
TaHaBJIMBaJIaCb ycnelliHocTb' CTpeJIb6bI no CTopOHaM. BMeCTO
paKeT MOJKHO 6bIJIO TaKJKe HanpaBJI Tb CTpeJIb6y 6JIaro,ll,ap
npaBOMY MJIM JIeBOMY HaKJIdHY KpbIJIbeB. TaKoH cnoco6 KOp-
peKTMpOBKM OKa3aJICH He TOJIbKO BeCbMa TpYl(oeMKWM M Me -
JIeHHbIM, HO eme M cnoc06CTBOBaJI MHOJKeCTBY OIIIM60K. qacTo
O.lI.MH CMrHaJI npMHMMaJIH 3a .lI.PyroH, oc06eHHO C Tex nop KaK
apTMJIJIepM CTaJIa IIpMMeH TbC MaCCMpOBaHHO, H pa60TaJIH
MHOrOQMCJIeHHble 6aTapeM O.lI.HOBpeMeHHO. TeXHM'lJeCKOe peIIIe-
HMe 6bIJIO HaH.n;eHO 6JIarol(ap pa3BMTMIO 6eCnpOBOJIO'lJHOrO
TeJI erpacpa.
q TO KacaeTC opraHM3aUMH B03,l1,YIIIHbIX CMJI, 3.lI.eCb TC\KJKe
BbI BHJIOCb HeMaJIO He.lI.OCTaTKOB.
B 6pHTaHCKOH apMHH, HanpWMep, BbIBO,ll,bI 6bIJIM C.lI.eJIaHbI
Y)Ke B KOHue 1914 r., RFC 6bIJIH pacnpe.lI.eJIeHbI B 3CKaJtpMJIb X
no apMI1 M M C03,l1,aHbI CneUHaJIbHbIe OTP .lI.bI .lI.JI apTMJIJIepMM-
CKOH H cpoTopa3Be.l1KM C COOTBeTCTBYlOll1MMH npHrO.lI.HbIMM 06-
pa3uaMH JIeTaTeJIbHbIX annapaTOB. cDpaHUY3cKOH CTOpOHOH
paHbllle Bcex 6bIJIW pa3BMTbI TaKTMQeCKMe KOHuenuww, KOTO-
pbIMH OTBO.lI.HJIOCb Bce nOBbIlllaIOll.{eeC 3HaQeHWe B03.lI.YlllHOH
60pb6e. 3TO n03BOJI JIO KOHCTpYMpOBaTb COOTBeTCTBYIOll.{Me
o6pa3UbI MallIMH. C HatIaJIa BOI1:HbI reHepaJIbHbIe llITa6bI Bcex
BOIOIOll.{I1X CTpaH CKenTW'lJeCKM 06cYJK.lI.aJIH B03MO)KHOCTI1 B03-
.lI.YWHOH 60Pb6bI, O,ll,HaKO Y)Ke B ceHT 6pe 1914 r. nO'-ITI1 Bce
JIeTHbIe IIO,ll,pa3,l1,eJIeUI151 6bIJII1 BoopY)KeHbI T5IIKeJIbIMH fIWCTO-
JIeTaMI1, Kapa6l1HaMH HJIM CKopOCTpeJIbHbIM 0PYJKl1eM.'y <ppan-
* B fcpMallH II BOJlpOC 0 IIeo6xoJU1MOCTil COBMCCTIIOH pa60Thi apTHJIJICpU H ('
aBHallHci1 06OCTpHJIC}llIaCTOJlbKO, LfTO BblClliCC KOMaIlJlOI3all HC BbllllJIO C IIpeJl-
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1914 lOa
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TaKTHKoM CTaJIH 06pa30BbIBaTbc}I CneUMaJlbBble 60M6ap.n;Hpo-
BotJHbIe B03.n;YIIIHbIe CHJIbI. IIpaB.n;a, 60M6ap.n;MpoBotJHble tJaCTM
nOHat.IaJIY CTpa.naJIH OT ell{e HecooTBeTcTBYIOll{MX TMnOB caMO-
JIeTOB .n;JI}I 3ToH ueJIM H OT He.SlCHbIX TaKTMtJeCKMX H onepaTMB-
HbIX Hat.IaJIbHbIX npHHUHnOB. I1x pa3BHTHe 6bIJIO cpOpcMpoBa-
HO YCTaHOBJIeHHeM n03HUMoHHOM BOMHbI C 06eHx CTOpOH CPPOH-
u u
Ta; M3-3a npOBaJIa MOJIHHeHOCHOM BOMHbI B HHX YBM.n;eJIM
cpe.n;CTBO, cnoco6Boe YXBaTHTb B onepaTHBHOM rJIy6oKoM TbIJIY
cppOHTa TO, tJTO He.n;ocTynHo .n;JIMHHOH PYKe apTMJIJIepMM. 3.n;ecb
CHOBa <I>paHl.{M}I onepe.n;HJIa Bcex; annapaTbI Bya3eHa MCnOJIb-
30BaJIMCb KaK MHoroQeJIeBbIe, cnoc06HbIe TaK)Ke BbInOJIH}lTb
<PYHKUHM 60M6ap.n;MpOBll{MKOB.
BBM.n;y He3Hat.IHTeJIbHOM rpY30no.n;'beMHOCTH npet{cTaBJIeH-
HbIX B pacnOp.Sl)KeHMe CaMOJIeTOB M nepet{ JIMQOM t.Ipe3MepHo
npeYBeJIMt.IeHHbIX B fepMaHHM O)KM.n;aHHM OT uenneJIHHOB KaK
60M60HocueB pa3BMTMe CaMOJleTOB-60M6ap.n;HpOBll{HKOB OTHO-
CHTeJIbHO .n;oJIro c,l{ep)KMBaJIOcb. EpocaHMe 60M6 paccMaTpM-
BaJIOCb KaK nonYTHaH 3a.n;at.Ia CaMOJIeTOB-pa3Be.n;t.IMKoB.
B 3TOM CMbICJIe .n;£l)Ke 06pa30BaHMe nOtJToBoro oT.n;eJIeHM}I
B OCTeH.n;e (BAO), He npHHUMnMaJIbHO. IIepBbIe 60M6ap.n;M-
pOBotJHble 3CKa.n;pbI repMaHcKHx B BC 6bIJIM B HCTOpHM B03tlYllI-
HOM BOMHbI npe)K.n;e Bcero He aBMaUMOHHbIMM COlO3aMM 60M-
6ap.n;MpOBll{MKOB, HO HeKHMM 3JIMTHbIMM no.n;pa3t{eJIeHM}lMM,
KOTOpbIM 6bIJIO nOCTaBJIeHO 3at{aHMe, CJIY)KMTb B KatJeCTBe pe-
3epBa BbICIIIero PYKOBot{cTBa. B BAO HactJMTbIBaJIOCb 36 ca-
MOJIeTOB B llIeCTM OTp}l.n;ax, M OHM npMMeH}lJIMCb .n;JI}I MHoro06-
pa3HbIx 3at{at.I, B TOM t.IMCJIe M .n;JI}I 60M6ap.n;MpOBKM. OCHOBHbI-
MI1 3a.n;atJaMM t{JI}I HHX 6bIJIH: YCMJIMTb CTpeJIb6y T.SI)KeJIOM
apTMJIJIepMM, HaHOC}I Yt{apbI no He.n;ocTynHbIM .n;JI}I Hee l..{eJI.SIM,
npen}ITCTBOBaTb B03.n;YllIHOMY npopbIBY npOTMBHHKa M npOBO-
.n;MTb B rJIy60KoM TbIJIY c06CTBeHHble 60eBbIe 3a.n;aQM, CB}l3aH-
HbIe npe)l(t{e Bcero CO CTpaTerHt.IeCKOM pa3Be.n;KOM. TaKMM 06-
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172
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80Ullbl
TalOKe C 6pMTaHCKOM CTOpOHbI npOM3BO.n;MJIMCb B03.n;YIlIHbIe
60M60BbIe aTaKM npOTMB aHrapOB B03.n;YIlIHbIX Cy.n;OB B KeJIbHe
H ,LJ)OCCeJIb.n;OpQ>e. fopa3.n;o JIyt.IllIe COOTBeTCTBOBaJIM Tpe60Ba-
HM$lM 60M6ap.n;MpOBOt.IHOrO Hana,l(eHM C03.n;aHHbIe B 1913 r. B
POCCMM 11.11. CMKOpCKMM 60JIbllIMe CaMOJIeTbI I1JIb Mypo-
Mel.{ . Ho B 1914 r. OHM elI(e He ytJaCTBOBaJIM B 60eBbIX .n;eH-
CTBM X. BOM6ap.n;MpOBOtJHOM .n;e}lTeJIbHOCTblO 3aHl1MaJIl1Cb .n;py-
rMe CaMOJIeTbI. JIeTtlMKM 28-ro pYCCKoro aBMaOTp .n;a COBMeCT-
HO C JIeTtJMKaMM rpeHa.n;epCKoro aBMaOTp}l.n;a npOM3BeJIM
y.n;atJHbIM B03.n;YIlIHbIM HaJIeT Ha CTaHl.{MIO BMTKeMaH M repMaH-
CKHM a3po.n;pOM. BbIJIO c6pollieHo 39 aBMa60M6, yH;MtJTOJKeU
aHrap C CaMOJIeTaMM M BbI3BaHbI 60JIbllIMe nOJKapbI. I1epe.n;
IlITypMOM KpenOCTM IIepeMbIIliJIb pYCCKMe JIeTtJMKM C6POCMJIM
na n03Ml.{MM repMaHCKMX 3alI(l1THl1KOB KpenocTM 200 60M6.
Ha npOT}lJKeHMM BceM 60pb6bI 3a I1epeMbIIliJIb, oc06eHHo B
nepl1o.n; ero 6JIOKa,l(bI, PYCCKa5I aBMal.{M MrpaJIa BeCbMa BaJK-
HYIO pOJIb. OHa CMCTeMaTMl:IeCKM BeJIa Ha6JIIO.n;eHl1C 3a rapHI1-
30HOM KpenOCTM, 60M6ap.n;MpOBaJIa YKpenJIeHM$ll1.n;pyrH Ba)K-
HbIe 06'beKTbI, a TaKJKe KOppeKTl1pOBaJIa orOHb apTMJIJIepl1M.
PYCCKMe BoeHHbIe onepe.n;MJIl1 Bcex OCTaJIbHbIX YtJacTHl1KOB
60eBbIx .n;eMCTBMM elI(e M B aKTMBHOM npMMeHeHMe a3po<pOTO-
rpa<pMpOBaHM}I *.
B03.n;YIlIHoe <pOTorpa<pMpOBaHl1e IIepeMbIIlIJI , ero Kpeno-
CTHbIX M nOJIeBbIX YKpenJIeHMH BeJIOCb CMCTeMaTMtJeCKl1. A3pO-
<pOTOCHMMKM pa3BepTbIBaJIMCb B nJIaUbI, Ha OCHOBaHI1H KOTO-
pbIX apTMJIJIepMCTbI BbItJMCJI JIM .n;aHHbIe, He06xo.n;MMbIe .n;JI$l
Be.n;eHl1}1 TOtJHoro orH . CTeneHb TOt.IHOCTl1 apTI1JIJIepMHCKoro
orH npOBepSlJIaCb no a3po<pOTOCHMMKaM nOCJIe KaJK.n;OM
CTpeJIb6bI, l1 npM He06xo.n;MMOCTM BHOCMJIMCb COOTBeTCTBYIO-
lI(He nonpaBKM B paCt.IeTbI apTMJIJIepMCTOB. A3pO<pOTOCHMMKH
npMMeH JIMCb TaKJKe .n;JI}I nOCTaHOBKl1 3a,l(atJ Ha 60M60MeTaHl1e
M .n;JI KOHTpOJI MX BbInOJIHeHl1}1.
B CJIYt.Iae OCa,l(bI IIepeMbIIIIJI$l B03.n;YIlIHaH pa3Be.n;Ka OKa3a-
JIaCb e.n;MHCTBeHHbIM cpe.n;CTBOM, npl1 nOMOll1.n KOToporo 6bIJII1
BbI CHeHbI Bce 06'beKTbI 060POHbI KpenOCTM, a TaKJKe nOIlbITKl1
· EpHTallcKajl pa'iBcJlbtDaTCJlhlla aBHalUHI B 1914 r. Ja BpCM}I 60cBhlx JlCH-
CTDH i CJlCJlaJia 40 a3pO<!>OTOCil HMKOD.
1914 lOa
173
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M3HYTPM 11 y.n;apaMM M3BHe, tITO n03BOJI}lJIO KOMaH.n;OBaIlMIO
PYCCKMX npl1HHMaTb COOTBeTCTBYlOlUHe H CBOeBpeMeHHble
MepbI. TaKMM 06pa30M, B MCTOpHH BOeHHOrO HCKYCCTBa 60pb-
6a 3a llepeMbIlliJIb }lBJI}leTC}I nepBbIM npHMepOM aKTHBHOrO
YtIaCTH}I aBHal..{HM B oca.n;e KpynHoro HaCeJIeHHOrO nYHKTa, a
TaK)Ke npl1MeHeHH 3IIIeJIOHMpOBaHHOH 60M6ap.n;MpOBKH.
C caMoro HatIaJIa BOHHbl B PYCCKOM apMMH lliMpOKO HCnOJIb-
30BaJIC OIIbIT KoppeKTMpoBaHM OrH}I apTMJIJIepMM C IIpHB 3-
HbIX aspocTaToB. TeOpeTHtIeCKMH CIIOp, KOTOpbIH BeJIC lI:0 Ha-
qa.n:a BOMHbl MeJKlI:Y feHepaJIbHblM IIITa60M PYCCKOH apMMH 11
fJIaBHbIM MHJKeHepHbIM ynpaBJIeHHeM 0 l..{eJIeC006pa3HOCTl1
npMMeHeHM B BoeHHblX .n;eHcTBH}lX 3MeHKoBbIX aspocTaToB,
pa3pellIMJIC}I lI:OBOJIbHO 6bICTpO. OKa3a.n:ocb, qTO aSpOIIJIaH He
B COCTO}lHMM IIOJIHOCTbIO B3}1Tb Ha ce6}1 60eBYIO pa60TY npH-
B 3Horo a3pOCTaTa. 3a aspOCTaTaMM elUe .n;OJIro YlI:epJKMBa.n:aCb
3a.n;aqa 6JIMJKHeH pa3BelI:KM, 06IUee OTbICKaHMe l..{eJIeM M IIPM-
CTpeJIKa. ,l{OBOJIbHO 6bICTpO B03HHKJIa M COBMeCTHa51 pa60Ta
npHB}l3HbIX aspOCTaTOB C aSpOnJIaHaMM. AspocTaT, nOlI:OJIry
BMC}I B B03.n;yxe, n03BOJI JI, B OT JIMqHe OT a3pOnJIaHa, Henpe-
pbIBHO Ha6JIIO.n;aTb 3a IIOJIeM Cpa)KeHH}I. HaKOHel..{, OqeHb 60JIb-
IIIoe 3HaqeHMe MMeJIa XOpOlliO Ha.n:aJKeHHIDI nOCT05lHHaH TeJIe-
cpoHHa}l CB}l3b Me)KlI:Y Ha6JIIO.n;aTeJI}lMM, Haxo.n;}lll{MMMC}I Ha
a3pOCTaTe M apTI1JIJIepHCTaMH. BI1.n;MMOCTb C a3pOCTaTa .n;OCTM-
raJIa 10-12 KM. 3MeMKoBbIM aspOCTaT qaCTO O.n;HMM CBOMM npM-
CYTCTBHeM lI:eMOpaJIH30BbIBaJI npOTMBHHKa.
113 BocnOMMHaHMH yqaCTHMKa BOMHbl llla6aIIIeBa: «Aspo-
CTaT HeBOJIbHO Ka3aJIC}I rJIa30M, Bce BM.n;}lIUMM, OT KOToporo
HMqTO He MO)KeT CKPbITbC}I. CJIe.n;CTBMeM SToro HepelI:KO }lBJI -
JIOCb: apTI1JIJIepH}I IIpOTHBHHKa BO BpeM}I HaXO)K.n;eHM aapo-
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OfH}I, YCHJIeHHO CTpeJI}I}I JIHIIIb B TO BpeM}I, KOrlI:a aspOCTaT
npM3eMJI}lJIC .n;JI}I CMeHbI Ha6JIIOlI:aTeJIeti; BC}lKOe IIepe.n;BHJKe-
HMe 06030B M BOMCK, paCIIOJIOiKeHHblX 6JIM)Ke K HaIIIMM II0311-
I..U1}1M, lI:HeM OCTaHaBJIHBaJIOCb, M TaKOBbIe IIepe.n;Bl1iKeHM}I npo-
113BOlI:MJIMCb nOlI: npMKpbITHeM HOqHOH TeMHOTbI, BHe Ha6JIIO-
lI:eUM5I aspOCTaTa .
174
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aBHaI.{HH, pOJIb ee B 60eBbIX .n;eM:CTBH}lX 1914 r. OKa3aJIaCb BeCb-
Ma 3aMeTHOM:. 3a BeCb nepHO.n; KaMnaHHH 1914 r. PYCCKa5I aBHa-
UH}I npOH3BeJIa 3229 60eBbIx BbIJIeTOB.
C BoopY)KeHHeM a3pOIIJIaHOB nYJIeMeTaMH PYCCKaH aBHaUH}I
Hap}l.n;y C BbInOJIHeHHeM 3a.n;aq B03.n;YllIHOM: pa3Be.n;KH HaqaJIa
ycnelliHo npoTHBo.n;eM:CTBOBaTb B03.n;YllIHOH pa3Be.n;Ke repMaH-
CKHX H aBCTpO-BeHrepCKHX BOM:CK. TaK, JIeTqHKH 20-ro Kopnyc-
Horo aBHaOTp}l.n;a y)Ke B .n;eKa6pe 1914 r. CHCTeMaTHqeCKH naT-
PYJIHpOBaJIH HaJ{ CBOHMH BOHCKaMH, He .n;onYCKa5I B paHOH HX
pacnOJIO)KeHH}I pa3Be.n;bIBaTeJIbHbIe a3pOnJIaHbI npOTHBHHKa.
O.n;HaKO, HeCMOTp}l Ha 3TO, PYCCKa5I aBHaUHOHHa5I TeXHHKa
3HaqHTeJIbHO YCTynaJIa TeMnaM pa3BHTH}I KOJIHqeCTBa H Kaqe-
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<I>paHI.{HH H repMaHHH. B 06lI(eM iKe B nepBbIe MeC}lUbI BOHHbI
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COBepllIeHHOH H MaJIOqHCJIeHHOM: .n;JI}I Toro, qT06bI OKa3bIBaTb
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O.n;HaKO 6y.n;YlI(ee Y)Ke HaqHHaJIO rpe3HTbC}I BoeHHbIM YMaM.
<I>01lI: HacTynJIeHHe, OCHalI(eHHOe BceMH... cpe.n;CTBaMH,
He 6y.n;eT, KaK H BO BpeMeHa HanOJIeOHa, 3HaTb n03HI.{HOHHOH
BOHHbI. OHO BHOBb npH06peTeT no.n;BH)KHOCTb, KOTOpylO OHO
YTpaTHJIO H3-3a xy.n;OCOqH , H3-3a CBoero 6eCCHJIH}I nepe.n; npe-
n}lTCTBH}lMH... TeMn paaBHTM}I BOHHbI 3aBHCHT OT HMeIO MXC}I
HaJIHI.{O MallIHH H MaTepHaJIbHOH qaCTM. qeJIOBeK, KaKHM 6bI
.n;06JIeCTHbIM OH HH 6bIJI, He MOiKeT O.n;HH ero H3MeHI1Tb. 5e3...
TeXHHKM OH COBepmeHHO 6eCCHJIeH. A TaK KaK KOJIHqeCTBO...
TeXHHKM Bce BpeM}I YBeJIHqHBaeTC}I, TO o.n;Ha H3 nepBbIX 3a.n;aq
60M:ua B apMHH 3aKJIlOqaeTC}I B TOM, qT06bI OJI.YXOTBOP}lTb, 06-
CJIY)KMBaTb 3TY TeXHHKY.
TaKoBbl6bIJIH ypOKH BOHHbI Y)Ke K KOHUY 1914 r. qerOTOJIb-
KO HeJlb3}1 O)KH.n;aTb B BOHHax 6y.n;YlI(ero OT ycnexoB aBHaUHH H
pa3BHTH}I XHMHqeCKOH BOHHbI...
11 3TO HanHCaJI TOT CaMbIM: <I>01lI, KOTOpbIH elI(e COBceM HC-
.n;aBHO rOBOpMJI 06 aBHaI.{HH: 3TO XOpOllIHH cnopT. 110 .n;JI}I
apMHM CaMOJIeT HH K qeMY .
TaKMM 06pa30M, y)Ke nepBbIe MeC}lI.{bl BOHHbI B KopHe H3-
1914 lOa
175
MeHMJU1 OTHOIlleHl1e BOeHHbIX K aBl1aL{MH. Tenepb OHM BJ{pyr
nOH5IJII1, KaK XOpOillO Ha6JIIO.u;aTb cBepxy 3a pa3BOpOTOM C06bI-
TMM:, a MHorJ{a H BMeillMBaTbC.SI B HHX. I1MeHHo nOJ{ 3TMM 3Ha-
KOM npOIllJIa KaMnaHH5I 1914 r. 11 Tenepb HeJ{aJIeK Y)Ke TOT J{eHb,
KorJ{a y JIeTtIMKa B03HMKHeT )KeJIaHHe He TOJIbKO KMJ{aTb rpa-
HaTbI B Ha3eMHbIe L{eJIM, HO M CTpeJI}lTb B nOXOJ{Hble KOJIOHHbI
M3 nYJIeMeTa, a Y KOMaHJ{YIOIUero - PYKOBOJ{HTb 60eM no pa-
J{110nepeJ{aTtIMKY, Ha6JIIOJ{CUI 3a XOJ{OM Cpa)l(eUM}I C 60pTa ca-
MOJIeTa.
HeJ{apOM PYCCKI1M JIeTtIMK H. TIonoB CKa3aJI B 1914 rOJ{Y:
ECJIM 6bI B Cpa)KeHMH npH BaTepJIOO Y HanOJIeOHa 6bIJI XOT
6bI OJ{MH JIeTtIMK, HanOJIeOH HenpeMeHHO BbIMrpaJI 6bI .
176
A8uau,UR BeJlUKOU 80U1tbl
1915 ro
OT eJIeHHe rOJIy6HHoH nO'lTbI
B03.nYIIlHbIH rrYTb cBo6o.neH MOM;
B03.nYIIlHbIH KOHb MeHH He C6POCHT,
IIoKa MOTopa CI1J1eH BOH
VI BI1HT ynopHo B03.nyx KOCHT.
Han: nponaCTbIO rrOJlYBepCTbl
CJIeJKY HeYTOMl1MbIM B30pOM
3a Heor JIH.nHbIM, C BbICOTbI,
feorpa<pHtIeCKHM Y30pOM.
CTaJIbHble JKHJlbl .naJIbHHX peK
EJleCTHT B OTpe3ax JKeJlTbIX nameR.
51 MHMOJleTHbIH CBOH Ha6er
CTpeMJIIO K MaCCHBaM BpaJKbHX 6ameH.
Ha HCHOM 3apeBe He6ec
IIoeT IIlpanHeJIb, B3pbIBasICb 6ypHO...
KaK HeBeJlHK OTCIO.na JIec I
KaK HTazteJlb MHHHaTIOpHal
He.nBHJKHbI K3.)KyrCH OTCeJIb
IIoJIKOB meTHHHCTble pOM6bI,
M B HHX - BOHHbI JKHBYIO eJIb,
51, MeTHCb, c6paCbIBalO 60M6bI.
fepMaHCKHx ny JIb YHbIJlbIH CBHCT
MeHH HaIItYnblBaeT )K3,ltHO.
Ho CMepKJIOCb: pe3KHH B03JtyX MrJlHCT;
51 )KHB, H YXOiKY o6paTHo.
JIetIY 3a Q>JIarOM 60eBbiM
M Ha JIyry HOllHOM, Ha PYCCKOM,
,l(OMoH, K orHHM CTOpOJKeBbIM
COHJty nJIaHHpYJOIItHM cnycKoM.
A.C. rpUH. «BoeHHblUJleTfl1lUK (1914)
B KaMnaHHIO 1914 r. repMaHH He CMOrJIa OCYIl.{eCTBI1Tb
CBOHX nJIaHOB. II pOTHB BC KHX OJKH,ltaHHH en npHIllJIOCb el{Ba
JIl1 He l{OJIbllIe BoeBaTb C BeJlbrl1eH, tIeM OHa HaMepeBa.naCb Boe-
BaTb C CDpaHUHeH. PaClIeT repMaHCKoro reHepaJIbHOrO IIITa6a
Ha 6JIHUKpHr He OnpaBl{anC , BOHHa nplfHHJIa 3aT j{(HOH xa-
paKTep.
POCCH ycnelliHo BblnOJIHHJIa COI03HHtIeCKHe 06 3aTeJIb-
1915 lOa
177
Cl'Ba, pYCCKHe apMHH, BbIpytIaJ[ <1> paH Ul'1I0, OTBJICKJU1 Ha ce6H
Ka,u;pOBbIe Kopnyca repMaHCKOM apMHH H ee JIYlfIllI1C aIH1aI H-
OHHbIe CHJIbI. OJ,lHaKO OCYll.{eCTBI1Tb CBOI1 c06CTBeIlHbie fIJIaHbI
POCCI1I1 TaKIKe He Yl1aJIOCb.
AHrJII1 BT HYJIaCb B BOtiHY rOpa3l{0 cepbC3Hee, 1.JeM npel{-
nOJIaraJIa H3HatIaJIbHO. Ee CTpaTerl1 HeJ,lOOueHHJII1 B03MO)KHO-
CTH JIeTaTeJIbHbIX Cpel{CTB, CBOl1.S1Il.{I1X npaKTHtIeCKI1 Ha HeT Bee
npeJIeCTH OCTpOBHoro nOJIOIKeHH . 5pl1TaHuaM rrpl1IlIJIOCb
CpOtIHO 3aHI1MaTbC pa3BHTHeM H COBepIlleHCTBOBaHHeM c06-
CTBeHHbIX B03l1YIlIHbIX CI1JI.
<DpaHUH ycneuIHO BbIl1ep)KaJIa nepBbIH naTHCK. VI nOKa-
3aJIa 3y6bL
Ha KaMnaHHIO 1915 r. fepMaHH H3MCHHJIa YCTaHOBKY. OHa
nOCTaBMJIa ce6e CTpaTerHtIeCKYIO ueJIb - BbIBeCTI1 113 BOMHbl
POCCHIO, a 3aTeM, MCnOJlb3Y ee pecypCbI, l10BeCTH l10 n06el{IlO-
ro KOHQa BOtiHY npOTHB AHrJII1H H <DpaUQHH. fJIaBHbIti Yl{ap
no POCCRH aBCTpo-repMaHCKoe KOMaHl10BaHHe npel1nOJIaraJIO
OCYlI.{eCTBHTb B Bl1l1e rpaHl1H03HOro OXBaTa 060HX cpJIanrOB
PYCCKoro cppOHTa C QeJIblO OKpY)KeHH H pa3rpOMa Bcex CHJI
PYCCKI1X. l1JI 3Toro nJIaHl1pOBaJIOCb HacTynJIeHHe no CXOl1 -
ll{HMC HanpaBJIeHH M: repMaHueB - 113 BOCTOtIHOti IlpycCH.H
H aBCTpO-BeHrpOB 113 patioHa KapnaT.
B COOTBeTCTBHH C perneHHeM naHeCTH rJIaBHbIM Yl1ap 110
POCCHH, Ha 3anaauoeaponeUCKOM meampe rCpMaIICI<I1 I IlITa6
npel1nOJIaraJI OrpaHHtIHTbC CTpaTerHtIeCKoti 060pOIlOH.
PYCCKoe KOMaHl10BaHHe co CBoeM CTOpOHbI TaK)I(C nJIaHH-
pOBaJIO HaHeceHHe l1BYX o,nHOBpeMeI-IHbIX Yl1aPOB: BOMCKaM}1r
CeBepo-3arra.nHoro cppOI-ITa -" no fcpMaHHH, BOMCKaMH IOro-
3ana.n;Horo - no ABCTPO- BeHrpHH. fJIaBHble YCHJII1 nanpaB-
JI JIHCb Ha BepJII1H, B KatIeCTBe 6JIHIKat'ullc i 3aJ{atIH BbIl1BI1ra-
JIOCb OBJIa;J.eHHe BOCTOtIHOti fl Pyccwei1:.
OCBel{OMJIeHHOe 0 PYCCKI1X IIJIaHaX, repMaHCKoe KOMaIlJ{O-
BaHHe C03)),aCT YJJ:apHble rpynnl1pOBKH B BOCT01.JHOH I1PYCCHH
11 Ha KaprraTax.
AHrJIH H CDpaHUH , 3a.n:aBlllHCb QeJIbIO HaKOnJleI-II1 JIIO)),-
CKHX 11 MaTepI1aJlbHbIX pe3epBOB, peIlIHJIH 060pOH TbC5I. «MbI
npel10CTaBHJIl1 POeCI1IO ee cY.lI.b6c (JIJIOMJJ: J.{)KOPj[J)K).
178
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80Ullbl
TaKHM 06pa30M, L{eHTp T.R:>KeCTM KaMnaHMH 1915 r. nepe-
MeCTMJIC.R Ha BocmOtl1l0e8pOneucKuu meamp.
Tenepb, B YCJIOBH.RX YCTaHoBMBllIeHC.R n03HUMoHHOH BOH-
HbI, C o6eMx CTOpOH rJIaBHOH 3al{aqeM CTaJIO perneHMe npo6JIe-
MbI npopbIBa Q>poHTa, M, COOTBeTCTBeHHO, IIepel{ B031{yrnHbIMM
CHJIaMH Ha nepBbIM nJIaH BbIcTy"aJIa TaKTMQeCKa5l, 6JIM)KH.R.R
pa3Bel{Ka. fJIaBHbIMM 3an;aqaMM JIe'NMKOB CTaJIM Tenepb: Ha6JIIO-
l{elIMe <ppoHTa, o6HapY)KeHHe apT6aTapeH, l{eno, CKJIal{OB aMY-
HHUMH H 6oenpMnacoB, <pPOHTOBbIX coo6meHMH H nepel{BH:>Ke-
HHH B npMQ>poHTOBOM TbIJIY. MapHcKasI 6MTBa M ocal{a TIepe-
MbIIIlJI5Il{OKa3aJIH BbICOKYIO sQ><peKTHBHoCTb aBMaL{MM B TaKoro
pOl{a l{eJIax.
C l{PyroH CTOpOHbI, Ha3eMHbIe BOHcKa CTaJIH nepeMeII1aTb-
C5I rOpa3,l1.0 6bIcTpee, HaqMHaJIM JIyqIIle MacKHpOBaTbC.H M npH-
HOpaBJIHBaTbC.R K MeCTHOCTM. Tenepb 6JIaro,l{ap.R npocToMY
BI-I3yaJIbHoMY Ha6JIIOl{eHMIO ,l{aIKe C 6JIH3KOrO paCCT05lHH.R
HeJIb3.H 6bIJIO 60JIee o6eCneQHBaTb TOQHOCTM pa3Betll{aHHblx. B
pe3YJIbTaTe nOTpe6oBaJIOCb C031{aTb l{JI.R B031{YIIlHbIX Ha6JIIO-
l{aTeJIeH cneL{MaJIbHbIe <poToKaMepbI. l{o CMX nop npHMeH5IB-
IIIHeC.R el{HHMqnO npM60pbI C 25-CM <POKYCHbIM paCCT05lHHeM,
KOTOpbIMM CHHMaJIH BPyqHYIO HaMCKOCb, B 1915 f. CTaJIH 3aMe-
H.HTb Ha 60JIee T.R:>KeJIbIe aniiapaTbI C 50- H 70-CM Q>OKYCHbIM
paCCT05lHI-} eM, KOTopbIe Q>OTorpaQ>MpOBaJIH nepneHl{HKY JI5IpHO
BHH3, n03BOJI5I.R ,l{eJIaTb CHMMKM C 60JIbIIlOH BbICOTbI H TeM ca-
u
MbIM ycneIIlHo YKJIOH.RTbC.R OT Bce COBepIIleHCTBYIOII1eHC.R 3e-
HMTHOM apTHJIJIepHH*.
TaK)Ke Bce 60JIee BIDKHoe 3HaqeHHe 06peTaJIa pa60Ta aspo-
u
nJIaHa C apTHJIJIepHeH; pa3Be.n;Ka YKPbITbIX HJIH 3aKonaHHbIX
6aTapeI1 npOTHBHHKa H KoppeKTHpOBKa CTpeJIb6bI co6CTBeH-
HOM apTHJIJICpHH. Tenepb npHB.R3HbIe aspOCTaTbI H3-3a orpa-
HI1QeHHbIX BbICOTbI H YfJIa Ha6JIIO.n;eHH.R CTaHOBHJIMCb Bce 60-
JIee lIe110CTaTOqHbIM cpe.n;CTBOM KoppeKTHpOBaHl1.R apTOfH.R M
Ha6JlIO.lleHH.R 3a JIHHHeH <ppoHTa.
· PYCCKIIC aBllapa38CJ1 HKII c lIa a.na 3Toro rOJta 6 )IJIH clla6)KCllbl JlOJlyau-
"Ol\laTI1 CCI(HM (1)OT0311IfapaTOM CUCTCMbl nOTTC, paCC I1TallllhlM Jla 50 (I)OTO-
CIIHMKOB It 1I0:iBOJUIUIIIHM CTKO <V<>Torpa<lulpouaTb O"J aJIClillbIC IIPCJ MCTbl B
MacIIITa6c 100 M D 1 CM.
1915 lOa
179
Bo3pOCJIO 3HatleHMe I1 Yl{apHOM CMJIbI aBMaQI1M, B03MOIK-
HOCTM HaHOCMTb 60M60Bble Yl{apbI no CTpaTerMtieCKMM 06'bCK-
TaM M MeCTaM CKOnJIeHM5I BOMCK, Hel{OcTynHbIM apTI1JIJIepI1M.
113 HOBbIX YCJIOBMM Bel{eHM5I B031{YlliHOM BOMHbI C HeI136e)J(HO-
CTblO BbITeKaJIM BbICOKHe Tpe60BaHI151 M K npOM3BOl-tCTBY caMO-
JIeTOB. B fepMaHMH M3-3a nepBOHatIaJIbHOrO Opl1eHTl1pOBaHM
Ha 6JIMUKpMr B03I1MKJIO 60JIbllIOe OTCTaBaHMe B BoeHHO-B03-
l{YlliHOH npOMbIlIIJIeHHOCTM, qTO BbIHYIKl{aJIO Q:>OpCHpOBaTb pa3-
BI1Tl1e npOH3BOL(CTBa. B POCCHM H AHrJIMM CTpOHTeJIbCTBO aapo-
nJIaHOB OqeHb TOpM03MJIOCb OTCyTCTl3l1eM c06CTBeHHbIX aBwa-
MOTOpOB* .
I10Ka JIyqIIIe Bcero L(eJIO no np0l13BOl{CTBY H OpraHI13aUHH
B031{YIIIHbIX CMJI 06CT05lJIO BO <I>paHUI1H. PeBOJIIOQMOHHbIM OKa-
3aJIOCb perneHMe cppaHUY3CKHX BoeHHbIX, C03peBwee na Py6c)J(c
1914-1915 rr., C03l-taBaTb BMeCTO npeIKlIMX MHorOQeJIeBblX an-
napaTOB MaIIIMHbI, npel-tHa3HaqeHHbIe l{JI5I KOIlKpeTHbIX ueJIeH M
COOTBeTCTBeHHO C aTMM pa3pa6aTbIBaTb MX KOHCTPYKUHIO H BO-
opYIKeHMe. MCXOL(51 113 aToro cppanUY3bI nepBbIMI1 CTaJIl1 C03t{a-
BaTb Tl1n annapaTa, CneUHaJIM3HpYIOIUerOC5I npeIKl{e Bccro Ha
YHI1QTOIKeHHI1 B031{YlliHoro npOTI1BHHKa - MCTpe6MTeJI5I* *.
YIKe B OKT5I6pe npOllIJIOrO rOl{a B BBC AHTaHTbI 6bIJIH on-
p060BaHbI pa3JII1t1Hble CMCTeMbI YCTanOBKH ny JIeMeTa. I1oHa-
qa.n:y B Qpe3BbIQaMHO BbIHrpbIlliHOM nOJIO)KeHMI1 OKa3aJIHCb
annapaTbl C TOJIKaIOII I1M BHHTOM, rr03BOJI5IBIIIHe YCTaHaBJII1-
BaTb nYJIeMeT Ha HOCY aaponJIana. MMeHHO C TaKOH MaIIIHHbI H
6bIJI C6l1T nepBbIH repMaHCKI1M CaMOJIeT B 9KT 6pe 1914 r. OL(-
HaKO aTM MallIMHbI OKa3aJIMCb COBeprneHHO He3aIl{MI.I.1eHHbIMYI
C XBOCTOBOH QaCTI1. KpoMe Toro, naXOl{51IIJ;I-1I1C5I B nepel{I1eH
Ka6l1He JleTHa6 nOllTI1 HeH36eIKHo norl16aJI npH 1{0CTaTOtIHO
tIaCTO CJIYtIaBrneMC5I KanOTMpOBaHI1H * * * .
· C lIa l laJla 1915 r. (ppa1l1lY3cKOC II paBHTCJIhCTBO, 03a604cIIIIOC IIpC)f(JlC BCC-
1'0 C03JlallHCM Co6cToclllloro MOlillioro B03J1Yllliloro q>JIOTa, paclIOIUIJll1JIOCb
OTMCIIHTh I3hl)laliliOC pallcc pa3pCIJlCII...C IIa BJ}03 B POCCHIO aUl1aJUHlraTCJICii
.CaJlbMcolI»>.
.. B 3TOM rOJIY C03JlaloTC JlBa IICpBblX HCTpc6HTCJlbllhiX aBUaOTp}!Jla U 13
PYCCKOH apMHH. DJU'III JlJl}! 3alllltTili BaplllaBhl, JlPyroii - napcKoti CTaBKH.
... OJllla)KJlbl JICTlla6 Jla)f(C 6111JI 3aJlY'IiCIl J} PC:iYJlbTaTC 3aXBaTa BIIIITOM cro
lIIap<t>a.
180
A8ua Wl BeJlUKOU 80Ullbl
Torll.a OT,l{aJIH npell.nOtITeHHe YCTaHOBKe ny JleMeTa Ha an-
napaTax C THHYIUHM BHHTOM na nOll.BliJKHOH TypeJlli, nepeHecSi
MeCTO JIeTHa6a B 3all.HIOIO Ka6HHY. * Oll.HaKO H3-3a CBOHCTBeH-
Horo npOBOJIOtIHbIM paCTHJKKaM aapOnJlaHa nepeHanpSlJKeHI1S1
npl1IIIJIOCb nnOCJIell.CTBlili OTKa3aTbCSI 11 OT nOll.BHJKHbIX ny Jle-
MeTHbIX YCTaHOBOK H CBSl3bIBaTb noopYJKeHHe HenOll.BHJKHO C
HOCOM annapaTa.
B nepBOM Yll.atIHOM <ppaHI Y3CKOM HCTpe6HTeJIe, 611nJIaHe
I-lbIOnop-11- Be6e , ny JIeMeT YCTaHaBJIHBaJICSI Ha BepXHeM
HecymeH nJIOCKOCTH H CTpeJlSlJI nOBepx OMeTa BHHTa. 3TO BOO-
pYJKeHl1e He onpaBlI.aJIO ce6S1113-3a ero CJlOJKHOrO 06CJlYJKHBa-
HI1S1 B B03l1.YIIIHOM 6010**. y YJlytIIlleHHOro HCTpe6HTeJISI Mo-
paH-COJIHbe , THn N I1JIH L, nYJIeMeT 6bIJI 3aKpenJIeH HenOll.-
BH)I(HO napaJIJIeJlbHO OCM MOTopa, TaK tITO nl1JIOT u;eJIliJICSI BceM
CaMOJIeTOM ***. OH CTpeJISlJI tIepe3 OMeT BHHTa. QT06bI 1136e-
* B POCCHH 60JlblllHIICTBO JICT HKOB BCC CIUC IIpOJlOJDKaJlO JICTaTb I-Ia «ct>ap-
Mallax . KOfJla B lIa aJlC 1915 r. fBTY 1I0llpOCHJI0 lIaLfaJlblH1KOB aBHaOTp -
JlOB YKalaTb CJly aH 11 pcaYJlbTaTbl UpJ1MCIICIHHI lIa IICKOTOpblX a:=>polv'allax
IIYJICMCTOB H MaY3cpOB , TO OJ!J111 H3 KOMaIlJlJ1pOB aBHallJ1011l10ro OTp Jla 01'-
BCTHJI: «IIYJICMCTbl lIa BOHIIC IIC IIpHMCIIHJIHCb (XOT}I 6b1JIH YCTaIiOBJICllbl)
BIHIJlY IIC003MOiKilOCTH iallHTb BblrOJllIOC MallcBpcIIIIOC 1I0JIO)f(CIII1C. MaY3c-
pbl IIC IIpHMCIISlJIHCh (BbI6paCbIB311J1C nfJIb3 IIC JlaCT YOCPCIIIIOCTH IIpl1 BCTpC
C3aJlH), )f(CJlaTCJ1bIlO IIClJTO BpOJLC PYlKbH JIbloHca .
Bllpo CM, IIYJICMCTbl «MaKCHM BCC IKC HCJlOJlb30BaJlJ1Ch, J(JIH 06JICr4CIHI,H
Y 1111X CpC3aJIH 1I0JIOBHIIY KO)f(yxa. OJlllaKO HCIIOJlh iOBaJIHCb 01111 B lIa4aJIC
BOHllbl 0 POCCHH TOJIbKO JlJIH BOOpY)f(CIIJ1}1 TfI)f(CJlbIX CaMOJICTOB «HJlbH My-
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KO}JTKC YllpaBJICIIHSI. KaK TOJlbKO pacxoJLOOaJlI1Cb HMCBIlIHCC}J B Mara3HIIC IIY-
JICMCTa «JIbIOHC 47 lIaTpolloB, Ha/lO 6b1J10, lIaKJIOIIHB IIYJICMCT, CMClIl1Th JlI1CI<.
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... B 3TOM rOILY B POCCI111 6blJI c03Jlaii CaMOJICT-I1CTpc6I1TCJlh (PBB3-16),
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ro rOl{a YKpenJI.HJIM C BHyrpenHcM CTOpOHbI CTaJIbHbIMM cK06a-
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KHe Mel{HbIe rrYJIM (H306peTeIIl1e rappo). IIpaBJla, npl1 3TOM,
XOT.H M HC3HaQl1TeJIbHO, Tep.HJIaCb pa60Ta MOTopa M OKOJIO 30%
ny JIb.
B pe3YJIbTaTe Bcex 3THX I10BOBBel{eHHM Ha Py6eJKe 1914-
1915 rr. co C OpOHbI AHTaHTbI Ha <ppOHT CTaJIM nocTynaTb
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B - l{BYXMCCTHbIM 6MnJlaH 6e3 BoopY)f(eHI1H;
C - l{ByxMecTHbIH 611rrJlaH C BoopYJKeHl1eM.
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1915zoa
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OC06eHHO Cl1MeHC I1 AEf - 6pOCMTb na CTpOI1TeJIbCTBO a3pO-
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CTl1 CYll(eCTBYIOll(MX 3aBO.l{OB, nOOll(pHJIO CTpOHTeJIbCTBO HOBbIX
3aBO.l{OB no npOM3BO.l{CTBY a3pOnJIaHOB.
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CTM cy ecTBeHHoro YJIYt.JIlIeHMH KalleCTBa CaMOJIeTOB 11 CTaBM-
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B CB 311 C 3THM BoeHHoe cHa6JKeHHe 6pa.n:0 Ha ce6H 06H3aTeJIb-
CTBa no.u..l{ep)f(HBaTb TaK Ha3bIBaeMYIO nOJIHOTY 3aKa3a. TaKa5l
rrOJIHOTa 3aKa3a COCTO JIa B CTpOHTeJIbCTBe Ylle6IIbIX CaMOJICTOB,
a TaK)Ke B JH1ueH3HOHHOM CTpOI1TeJIbCTBe. CTOJIb TCCHGLQ B3an-
MOCBH3b MeIK.n;y BoeHHbIMI111 npOMbIWJIeHHOCTbIO cnoc06CTBO-
BaJIa TOMY, tITO Ha aBl1a3aBo.n;ax 6bIJIH cnel..{l1aJIbHO C03J1.allbl 3a-
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Ba)KUeHWI1M CJIetI.CTBUeM TaKoro B3aHMOl{efICTBI1H 6bIJIO
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IlII1JIOCb *. YC TapeBIIIHe annapaTbl 1914 r., TaK na3bIBael\lbIC A H
* rCpMallufi IIOCTpOHJla B 1915 r. - 4532 CaMOJICTa.
184
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B THnbI 6bIJIH B TeqeHHe 1915 r. M3'b TbI C <ppOHTOB H 3aMeHe-
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'Tenepb Ha6JIIOl{aTeJIb, CMl{ Il{MM C3al{11 nHJIOTa, 6bIJI B COCTO -
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BbInYU\eUo 185 TaKHX a3p0I1JIaHOB.
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IIHJIO K CpO'-IHOM pa3pa60TKe Crre l1aJIbHbIX aBHarU10HHbIX 60M6
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MOCTOBOH rrepenpaBe qepe3 BHCJIY Y HOBoro Kl1pQHHa.
BbI BJIeHI1IO nOJIO)KeHI1 3TI1X 6aTapeM, oco6eHHO I1X Ha-
6JIIO.l{aTeJIbHbIX rrYHKTOB, rrpH.l{aIO Ba)KHOe 3HaQeHl1e. 3HaIO, 'lTO
TOQHO C a3pOnJIaHa YKa3aTb I1X TPY.l{HO, O.l{HaKO 3an;aQY pa3Be.l{-
KI1 MOJKHO 06JIerQMTb CJIe.l{YlO HM o6pa30M:
1) JIeT4I1K, o6cJIe.l{Y 3TOT paHoH 11 3aMeTI1B lIa6JIIOJJ:aTeJIb-
HbIM nYHKT I1JII1 6aTapelo, BbI6pacbIBaeT Han; HI1MI1 KpaCHoro
IJ;BeTa 6YMa)KHYIO JIeHTY C rpY30M, Ha KOTOpylO apTI1JIJIepllCTbI
6epYT 3ace4KY, onpe.l{eJI5I5I rrOTOM no 3TI1M 3aCel!KaM 11 CBOHM
pa3BeJ!KaM IIOJIO)KeHHe na6JIIO.l{aeMOrO JIeTl!HKOM nyuKTa HJII1
6aTapel1. YeM 60JIbllle OH BbI6poCI1T JleHT, TeM pa60Ta 6Y.lI.eT
T<?lII ee, )KeJlaTeJIbHO He MeHee Tpex, 3TI1M onpe,n:eJHICTC5I nep-
Ba51 apTHJIJIepl1MCKa}l 3a.l{aQa;
2) apTI1JIJIepI1HCKoH3aJJ:at.JcM JIeTQI1KY CJleJJ:ycT orrpe,n:eJIHTb
MCCTO HaXO)K.l{eHll apTI1JIJIepl1MCKOrO KOHCKoro COCTaBa B .lI.e-
peBH5IX I1JII1 YKpenJIeHI151X, YHI1t.JTO)KeHHe KOTOpbIX 51BJI eTC
cYIl{eCTBeHHbIM. 51 npe.l{nO leJI 6bI 3TO C.l{eJIaTb paHbIlIe, QeM
06CTpeJII1BaHI1e 6aTapeH 11 Ha6JIIO.l{aTeJIbHbIX nYHKToB, .l{JI5I
Bocnpen TCTBOBaHI1 nepe.l{BI1)KeHlllO apTI1JIJIepl1MCKI1X t.JacTei1
1915 lOa
187
npOTMBHMKa. BMeCTO JIeHTbI MO)KHO BbI6paCbIBaTb MeJ{JleHHO
rOp Il{I1e MarHMeBbIe COCTaBbI, 06bIKHOBeHHO XOpOlllO .n:neM
Ha6JIIO.n:aeMbIe. ECJIH JIeTqMK BbInOJIHMT 3TM YKa3aHM , TO OqeHb
nOMO)KeT pa3Be.n:Ke 11 nOCJIe 3Toro Y)Ke MO)KHO 6y.n.eT ]{aTb eMY
.n:pyrHe 3a.n:alIl1. 0 BpeMeHM nOJIeTa Heo6xo.n:MMO MeH npe.n:YII-
pe.n:HTb 3a HeCKOJIbKO qaCOB.
feHepaJI-JIeHTeHaHT 5y.n:aTOB .
PYCCKMe 3anMCKI1 NQ1, 51HBapb 1915 r.: HaKoHe:Q yno-
M HeM 0 nOCJIe.n:HMX .n:BYX cpaKTax B03.n:YIlIHOH BOHHbI. Beqe-
pOM 20 HBap cpJIOTI1JIM H3 HeCKOJIbKI1X repMaHCKHX uenne-
JIM HOB onI1caJIa 60JIblllYIO l1.yry C BOCTOKa Ha 3ana.n: B.n:OJIb ce-
BepHoro n06epe)Kb anrJIHMCKOro rpacpcTBa HOPCPOJIK, 6poca5I
60M6bI Ha.n: He3aIl{I1IUeHHbIMI1 rOpO,lIaMI1 M MeCTeqKaMM 51 PMYT,
KpoMep, llleppMHreM, KMHrc-JII1I1H H coce.n:HeH KOpOJIeBCKOH
pe311lJ,eHUHI1 CeH.n:pHHreM. B pe3Y JIbTaTe 6bIJIO pa3pyrneHo He-
CKOJIbKO 3.n:aHI1H M y6I1TO HeCKOJIbKO qeJIOBeK. Ba .n:H cnYCT.H
22 HBap51 repMaHCKI1e JIeTqMKI1 C6POCMJIM Ha.n: L{IoHKepKoM 11
oKpecTHocT MH OKOJIO 80 60M6, KOTOpbIMM 6bIJIO y6MTO 7 qe-
JIOBeK H paHeHO 13 .
B HOqb rpynna M3 14 HeMeUKI1X CaMOJIeTOB BnepBbIe ocy-
Il{eCTBHJIa HOqHYIO 6oM6ap.n:HpoBKY, BbI6paB .n:JI5I 3TOH ueJII1
IOHKI1pXeH - nepBbIH onbIT Hana.n:enM no.n: 3aIl{lITOH TeM-
HOTbI (3I1repT: 3TO TeM 60JIee 3aMelIaTeJIbHO, qTO y Hac He
6bIJIO HI1 MaJIe:HlIII1X nOTepb - 1II1 B JII1\!HOM COCTaBe, HI1 B Ma-
TCpHaJIbHOH qaCTM» ). O 3Toro BpeMeHM HOqHbIC nOJIeTbI ca-
MOJIeTOB 6bIJIH npaKTHqeCKH HCB03MO)KHbI.
3HrepT: JI5I Bcero CBeTa 6bIJIO 51CHO, qTO no pa3BI1THIO
BOeHHO-JIeTHOrO JJ;eJIa <l>paH11H npeBocxo.n:I1T Bce .apyrHe CTpa-
HbI qI1CJIeHHOCTbIO H TeXHMKOH. Bce )Ke npYCCKoe BoeHlIoe
MI1HHCTepCTBO KOJIc6aJIOCb npOBo.n:MTb na OCHOBaHHH 3TI1X
(paKTOB UY)KHbIe MepOnpM TI1 . Ell{C B HalIaJIe ceIIT 6p5I 1911 r.
OHO 6bIJIO B COMHeHM X, I1CnOJIHI1Tb JIM Tpe60BaHMe 60JIbIlJOrO
feHepaJIbHOrO lllTa6a, nOtUI,ep)KaIIHOe Tor.n:a eIl{e nOJIKOBHMKOM
JIIO.n:CH.n:OpcpOM 0 CQ:>OpMI1pOBaHI1H K 1 OKT 6p 1912 r. 10-TH
nOJIeBbIX H 6-TM KopnycHblx aBl1aUMOHHblX OTp .aOB. Ha\!aJIb-
HI1K fenepaJIbHOrO lllTa6a coo6Il{I1JI BoenHoMY MMHHCTPy, lITO
"TaKMM CIIoco6oM MbI He .n:orOHHM WpaHUHI1. nOCJIeJJ;H o6ec-
188
ABuau,UJl BeJlUKOU BOUllbl
rret.[HJIa ce6 rrpeHMymecTBaMH, KOTOpbIX y Hac HeT" ...Ha)!o
6bIJIO )!06HTbC YMeHH M npH06peCTH orrbIT B MaJIOH3BeCTHOM
,l{0 CHX rrop 06JIaCTH JIeTaHH B TeMHOTe... B <peBpaJIe 1913 r.
113Yt.J:eHHe HOt.J:HbIX rrOJIeTOB 6bIJIO Hat.J:aTO B IlIHpOKOM MaClllTa-
6e B KperrOCTH Meu .
B 3TOM ro,ay PyccKHe JIeTt.J:HKH TaK)Ke Hat.J:aJIH COBeprnaTb
Hot.J:Hble rrOJIeTbI.
KOMaH)!Hp 41-ro aBHaUHOHHoro OTp ,aa rro,arrOJIKOBHHK
fJIy60KoBeKoB, O)!HHM H3 rrepBbIX opraHH30BaBllIHH Hot.J:Hble
nOJIeTbI CBoero rro)!pa3,aeJIeHH , YTBep)l(,aaJI: Q3Hat.J:eHHe )!JI
PYCCKOH aBMaUHH HOt.J:HbIX rrOJIeTOB orpOMHO rro rrpMt.J:Hue:
a) He)!OCTaTKa TeXHHt.J:eCKHX cpe CTB,
6) cpaBHHTeJIbHOrO HX HeCOBeprneHCTBa,
B) TeXHHt.J:eCKOH OTCTaJIOCTH H He06xo,aMMOCTH rrpo,aYKTHB-
v
HO HCrrOJIb30BaTb BeCb HMelOm:HHC 3arrac YCTapeJIbIX, HO Ha-
)!e)KHbIX CaMOJIeTOB...
HOt.J:Hble rrOJIeTbI, rrpOHCXOJI. B He06blt.J:HOH 06CTaHOBKe,
Tpe6YIOT rrpO BJIeHH He06bIt.J:HbIX CBOt'ICTB H co CTOpOHhI JIeT-
t.J:HKOB. 1-10 3TOT Borrpoc, rrpHHHMaH BO BHHMaHHe HcrrbITaHHYIO
,a06JIeCTb HallIHX JIeTt.J:HKOB, JIerKO pa3peIIIHM, He06xo)!HMa
TOJIbKO rrJIaHOMepHaH pa60Ta JI.JI rrpH06peTeHH HaBbIKa .
113 npaKTHKH HOt.J:HbIX nOJIeTOB BbUICHI1.7IOCb, 'ITO HOpMaJIb-
HaH BH,aHMOCTb, He06xo,aHMaH ,aJIH Ha6JIIO,aaTeJI rrpM BbICOTe
rrOJIeTa 500 M, )!OCTHraeT 3 KM. B ueIDIx 60pb6bI C OCJIeI1JI lOmHM
,aeHcTBMeM JIyqeH npo)KeKTopa PyccKHe JIeTt.J:HKH npHMeH JIH PaJ-
JIHt.J:HbIe cpe,aCTBa: TeMHble Ot.J:KH, K03blpbKM, mHTKH H T. n.
113 rrHCbMa BoeHHoro HH)KeHepa rrOJIKOBHHKa K.A. AHTO-
IIOBa B fBTY: l!oHorny, t.J:TO Ha rrpHHHTbIX MHOIO a3pOrrJIaHaX
"Bya3eH" NQ 385,487, 672, 689 H 690 rrOCTaBJIeHO ,aJI np06bI
3JIeKTpHt.J:eCKoe OCBell.{eHHe, rr03BOJI IOll{ee COBeprnaTb Hot.J:Hble
nOJIeTbI .
Hot.J:Hble rrOJICTbI CTaJIH B PYCCKOM aBHaUHH JI.OBOJIbHO t.J:ac-
TbIM BJIeHHeM, XOT 6bIJIH COrrp )I(eHbI C cepbe3HoH orraCHOC-
TblO, TaK KaK BbIrrOJIH JIHCb Ha HeCOBeprneHHbIX CaMOJIeTaX, Bce
rrpH60pHoe o60py,aoBaHHe KOTOpbIX CBOt{HJIOCb K C1.feTt.J:HKY
060pOTOB H BbIcoToMepy, rrpHB 3bIBaeMOMY, BO H36eJKaHHC
BJIHHHH Ha Hero Tp CKH, K Hore JleT1..J:HKa.
1915 lOa
189
Bocm01.t1l0e8pOneUCKUU meamp
OpraHI130BaH CIIeI I1aJIbIIbIH I1cTpe6I1TeJlbHbIH OTp ,n: ,l{JI5I
B03,n:YIllHOH 060POIIbI BaplllaBbI H Oc06eHBo MOCTOB '-Iepe3 Bl1c-
JIY aT HaJIeTOB repMaHCKI1X CaMOJIeTOB 11 .n:Hp")1(a6JIeH. ITo no-
JIyqeHI1I1 aT nOrpaHHqIIbIX nOCTOB TeJIerpacplIbIX C006Il{eHHi1 a
IIO BJIeHI111 CaMOJIeTOB HJII1 .n:HpH)Ka6JIei1 C repMaHCKOH CTO-
pOHbI Oqepe,n:Ha5I napa CaMOJIeTOB OTp5I)!a no,n:HI1MaJIaCb B B03-
.n:yx 11 ,ne)l(YP"JIa Ha BblCOTe 2000 M.
OCHoBllble BOCHHO-B03.n:YIllHble CI1JIbI POCCHH cocpe,n:oTo-
qI1BaJIl1Cb B STaT nepI1o,n: Ha IOro-3anaJU-loM cppoHTe.
23 RH8apR - L(Ba IOHbIX aBHaTopa - nI1JIOT P114ap.n: DeJIJI
,lJ.eBI1C 11 Ha6JIIO,naTCJIb PI1Qap.n: TIai1pc Ha HH3KOH BblCOTe c6po-
CI1JII1 8 60M6 Ha HeMe KYIO cy6MapI1HY OKOJIO n06epe)Kb5I 3ee-
6plOrre. TIai1pc 6bIJI HeCKOJIbKO pa3 paHeH 11 nOJIYQI1JI 3a STY
aK I1IO op.n:eH. * B He6e Ha,n: oKKynHpoBaHHbI?\.1 IIo6cpe)KbeM
CeBepHoro MOp 6pHTaHCKI1e aBHaTopbI nOCTHraJII1 BOBoe l1C-
KYCCTBO B03,n:YlllHbIX 60M6ap.n:I1pOBOK MOp5l.
23-25 RH8apR - repMaHCKI1H UJIaH nepeHeceHH rJIaBHO-
ro y,napa Ha POCCI11O HallaJI BOnJIO aTbC . ITpOHCXO I1T HacTyn-
JIeHHe repMaHCKI1X BOMCK B KapnaTax, npe.n:IIpl1H TOe C eJIbIO
onepe,nI1Tb HaMeQeHHOe Ha 2S HBap51 HacTynJIeHI1e PYCCKI1X.
O.n:HaKo, HeCMOTp5I Ha STO, HacTynJIeHHe 8-H PyccKoti apMI1H,
npI13BaHHOM BblrIOJIH5ITb rJIaBHYIO 3a.n:aQy BTOp)KeHH B ABCT-
po- BeHrpI1lO, naQaJIOCb COrJIaCHO nJIauy. BCTpeQHble Cpa)KeHI151
COnpOBO)l(J(aJII1Cb 60JIblllHMI1 nOTep MI1 C 06eI1x CTOpOH.
24 RH8apR - 113 nI1CbMa KaIII1TaHa fOHllapOBa B lllTa6 ap-
MI1I1: / JI JIYQwero HCnOJIHeHI1 3a.n:allI1 KOppeKTl1pOBaHH
(XVII Kopnycy) npocI1JI no TeJIerpacpy naQaJIbHHKa wTa6a
TpeTbeM .n:I1BI13I1H BblCJIaTb B OTp5l.n: ,nJI nOJIeTa Ha6JIIO aTeJI -
oQ:>l1u;epa-apTI1JIJIep"CTa, ,no CI1X IIOp OTBeTa HeT .
HaQI1HaeT CBOIO J(e5lTeJIbHOCTb 3cKa.n:pa B03.n:YlllHbIX Kopa6-
JIeM. H. Cl1KOpCKI1t'I lIa HM -3» COBepIliaeT nepBbIH HCIIbITa-
TeJIblIbli1 nOJIeT C a3po.n:pOMa B 516JIOHHe.
n POI1CXO.n:I1T 60ti y L(orrep-6aHKH B CeBepHOM Mope Me)l(-
,ny n TbIO a HrJII1:HCKHMH H QeTblpbM repMaHCKI1MH KpeHcepa-
III B 1940 r. 011 CTaJI rJlaBliOKoMallJlYloII1HM 60M6ap)1 lpOBOlJllo i aIHU\llH 1
opHTaIlHH.
190
A8Ua'-'1UR BeJlUKOU 80U1lbl
MH. 50H 3aKOHt.J:HJIC rrOTOrrJIeHHeM repMaHCKOrO KpeHCepa
5JIlOxep .
26 RH8apR - COBepiliaeT nepBbIH rrOJIeT 11 M - KHeBCKHH»
C 12 rraCCa)KMpaMH Ha 60PTY, rrMJIOTHpyeMbIH KanI1TaHOM
f. f. fOpiliKOBbIM. 11M - KHeBcKHH l{OCTHr BbICOTbI 60JIee 2500
M 3a 49 MMH. Bo BpeM 3Toro rrOJIeTa, KOrl{a I1M - KHeBCKHH
npOJIeTaJI Hel{aJIeKO OT BaprnaBbI, K HeMY npH6JIH3I1JIC Mo-
paH-COJIbHbe , OJ.{I1H H3 PYCCKHX CaMOJIeTOB, HCrrOJIb3yeMblx
,l{JIH CrreUHaJIbHbIX 3a/.{aHHH. 3TOT q MopaH 6bIJI paCKBapTH-
pOBaH B BaplllaBe H C IOMOpOM OKpem:eH q5pHCTOJIbCKHH , B
t.J:eCTb 3HaMeHHToro OTeJI M peCTopana B rrpl1ropOl{e XapbKo-
Ba. I1HJIOT qMOpaHa rrpl13HaJIC rr03l{Hee, t.J:TO npHHHJI I1JlbIO
MYPoMua 3a Bpa)KeCKHH CaMOJIeT H 6bIJI Y)Ke rOTOB OTKpbITb
orOHb H3 peBOJIbBepa, rrOTOMY t.J:TO B 3CKa.n;pHJIbl1 el{HHOrJIaCHO
Ct.J:I1TaJIH, t.J:TO « MYPOMltbI He MOryT rrOl{H TbCH Ha TaKYIO BbI-
COTY. 3TOT CJIYt.J:aH rrpOI1JIJIIOCTpHpOBaJI, KaK MaJIO PYCCKHe BO-
eHHbIe rrHJIOTbI 3HaJIH 0 B03l{YllIHbIX cYl{ax CHKopCKoro, He-
CMOTp Ha TO, liTO a3pOl{pOM 3BK HaXOl{HJIC Bcero B 18 KM OT
BapllIaBbI. B TO )Ke caMoe BpeM 3Ta HCTOpH rrOKa3bIBaeT HaM,
t.J:eM Ol{HOMOTOpHble CaMOJIeTbI 6bIJIH B TO BpeM BoopY)I(eHbI
l{JI B03l{YlliHoro 60 .
I1CpBbIH MeCHU KaMrraHHM 1915 r. 3aKOHt.J:HJICH. BbI BHJIMCb
OCHOBHble HarrpaBJIeHH HCrrOJIb30BaHI1H B03l{YIlIHbIX CHJI, rrpo-
HCXO/.{HBiliHe B 6JIW)I(aM.IlIHH rrepHOJI. BoeHHblX l{eHCTBllH: TaK-
THt.J:eCKM pa3Bel{Ka 060POHbI rrpOTMBHMKa, KoppeKTHpOBaHHe
apTorH», 60M60Bble Yl{apbI rro BoeHHbIM 061>eKTaM rrpOTllBHM-
Ka B rJIy60KoM TbIJIY.
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K cpeBpaJIlO repManCKOMY KOMaIll{OBaHHIO YJJ:aJIOCb c<pop-
MHpOBaTb 25 HOBbIX aBHaOTp l{OB; qOTl{eJIeHHe rOJIy6HHoH
rrOt.J:TbI» rrepeCTaJIO 6bITb OTl{eJIbHOH caMOCTO TeJIbHOH el{HHH-
ueti, K HeM rrpI1Coel{I1HHJIM KperrocTHble aBHaoTp l{bI; KpoMe
Toro, 6bIJIO CcpOpMHpoBaHo 3 apMeHcKMx aBHanapKa. B pe3YJIb-
TaTe 3THX MeporrpH THM. t.J:MCJIO repMaHCKHX aBHallaCTew no
OTHOHIeHllIO K Hat.J:aJIY BOM.HbI rrOllTH Yl{BOHJIOCb.
1915 lOa
191
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pa60Ta C apTI1JIJIepl1eH CTaJIa O/HIOH H3 OCHOBHbIX 3a.t{all rep-
MaHCKOM an 11 a I..111 III * .
B <peBpaJIe 1915 r. <ppaHI..1Y3cKIIIH JIeT1.fIlIK fappo np:HMeHI1JI
CneI..1HaJIbHbIH OTKJIOHIIITeJIb. 3TO He3Ha1.fI11"eJIbHOe Ha nepBbIH
B3rJI l{ C06bITHe npHBeJIO K Ka1.feCTBeHHOMY H3MeHeHHIO B03-
l{YIliHOH BOHHbI.
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JIa K nocTpoHKe CaMOJIeTOB, 060PYl{OBaUHbIx npHcnoc06JIellH-
eM fappo. CTpeJlb6a C 6e30611.l(HOrO l{0 31"oro CaMOJleTa «Mo-
paH H3 HenOl{BIII)I(HO 3aKpenJleHHOrO nYJIeMeTa 1.fepe3 BI1HT
6bIJIa HeO)l(Hl{aHHOfI ,l{JI HeMI..1eB, H B KOpOTKI1H CpOK fappo 11
)KHJIb6ep C611JIH 3 HeMeUKHX CaMOJIeTa.
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JIO KapJICPY3.
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paJIR 6bIJIH OCTallOBJIeHbI Y JIbIKa II PaHrop0l{a. 10- apMHR
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qaJIH nO BJI5ITbC Han: 516JIOHHOH. OHH C6POCI1JIH 60M6bI Ha
a3pO,ltpOM tJepe3 Tpl1 1.Iaca nOCJIe Toro, KaK «I1M - KHeBCKI1M
BepHYJIC 113 CBoero BToporo 60eBoro BbIJIeTa. 3TI1 60M6bI,
c6pOllIeHHble C Bpa)l(eCKI1X CaMOJIeTOB, He HaHeCJIH MypOMQaM
HI1KaKOrO Bpe,lta, HO B caMOM ropOL(e 516J1oHHa neCKOJIbKO 1.Je-
JIOBeK 6bIJIO y611TO 11 paHeHO.
· MOlililOC DOOpY)I(CIIHC .MypoM1lCB. BBOJlHJIO BCCX 0 c06JIa311 HCnOJlb30-
BaTb HX 8 KalJCCTBC I-tCTpc6l-tTCJICH.
198
A8ua Wl BellUKOU 80U1tbl
MAPT
B HatIaJIe MapTa repMaHCKI1MI1 B03l{yxOnJIaBaTeJUIMI1 6bIJIO
npel{npI1H TO e e HeCKOJIbKO nOnbITOK l{06paTbC Ha enne-
JIHHaX l{O 6pl1TaHCKOrO n06epe)l(b CeBepHOrO MOp . Ol{HaKO
BCe OHH 6bIJIl1 npeCetIeHbI npOTHBOB03l{ymHoM 6aTapeeH HbIO-
nOpTa.
BecHoH 1915 r. repMaHCKM 60M6apl{HpOBOtIHM 3CKal{pl1-
JIb51 BAO 6bIJIa nepe6pomeHa Ha BOCmOtl1tblU fjJpo1tm l{JI5I ytIa-
CTH5I B rOpJIHI..{KOM npopbIBe. Ol{HOBpeMeHHo C 3THM 6bIJIO co-
3l{aHO e e Ol{HO 60M6apl{HpOBOtIHOe nOl{pa3l{eJIeHHe, Ha3BaH-
Hoe no MeCTY ero nepBOHatIaJIbHOH l{HCJIOKa HH OTl{eJIeHHe
rOJIy6HHOH nO'lTbI Meu (Brieftauben-Abteilung Metz).
4 .M.apma - C Ha'la.na 3Toro ro,n;a B POCCHH mJIa pe'lb 0
C03l{aHI1H opraHa, KOTOpbIH 6bIJI 6bI OTBeTCTBeHeH 3a CTPOH-
TeJIbCTBO H ,n;e TeJIbHOCTb OTetIeCTBeHHOH BoeHHOH aBHauHH.
B pe3YJIbTaTe 3TOM KaMnaHHH npHKa30M BrK N2117 OT (19
<peBpaJI ) 1915 r. Ha 6bIBmero He0<pHUHaJIbHOrO mecpa aBHa-
HH BeJIHKOrO KH 351 AJIeKCaHl{pa MHXaHJIOBl1tIa 6bIJIO B03-
JIO)l(eHO «3aBe,n;bIBaHHe opraHH3aUl1eH aBHal..{HOHHOro l{eJIa BO-
o6llJ,e lie.
j/, apaallelUlbl
5 .M.apma - KpeHcep «KopOJIeBa EJIH3aBeTa C KOp Ha
n03HI.11111 B Ol{HOH MOpCKOH MHJIe OT ra6a- Tene OTKpbIJI nepe-
KHl{HOH orOHb YMeHblIleHHbIMH 3ap l{aMH C l{HCTaHI..{HM
12,5 TbIC. M no <POPTY raMHl{He. KoppeKTHpoBaHHe BeJIOCb BeCb-
Ma HeYl{atIHO KaK Kopa6JI MI1, TaK H rHl{pOCaMOJIeTaMH. CKpbI-
TbIe rypeUKHe nOJIeBble 6aTapeH BHe3anHO OTKpbIJIH orOHb no
«KopOJIeBe EJIH3aBeTe , KOTOpbIM; nOJIYtIHB B KopoTKoe Bpe-
M5I 18 nOnal{aHHH, npHHY)I(,n:eH 6bIJI OTOHTH 3a npe,n:eJI ,n;oc ra-
eMOCTI1 nOJIeBbIX 6aTapeH.
III TIOJlllOrO CJtHIlOllal{aJJ H B PYKOBOJlCTBC PYCCKOH aBHaUHCM IIC 6bIJIO. <DaK-
THl{CCKH PYKOBOJlCTBO aBHal(HOlillblMH CHJlaMH <ppOIiTOB BllaLfaJlC BO iJlaraJlOCb
lIa rCllcpaJ1a 01' KanaJlcpHH 6apolla <POll KaYJlb6apca. TOJJbKO C KOIILla 1915 r.
IIPH CTaBKc BCpXOBJlOrO I"JIaBIlOKOMaIlJlYIOII(CrO BOl1pOCaMH aBHal HH JlCHCTBH-
TCJlbllO CTaJJ 3aIlHMaTbC}I BCJIHKHH KII 3b AJlcKCallJlP MHXaHJIOBHl{.
1915 lOa
199
6 Mapma - KpeHcep KOpOJIeBa EJIlf3aBeTa 6e3pe3YJIb-
TaTHO 06CTpeJIHBaJI ceBepHbIH <pOpT y qaHaKa If CHona HOnaJI
no,a orOHb ray6HQHbIX 6aTapeH H TypeQKoro 6pOHeHOCQa XaH-
peMHH- Bap6apocca .
7.M.apma - AraMeMHOH If HeJIbCOH B TeqeHHe 2 1/ 2 qa-
COB BeJIM orOHb H3HYTPH rrpOJIHBa rro <popTaM Y KeJIH,l{-Bapa 11
qaHaKa. <I>OpTbI OTBelJaJIH, M orHeBasI MOll!b HX He rrocTpa,naJIa.
8.M.apma - PeIIIeHO HCrrOJIb30BaTb KOpOJIeBY EJIM3aBe-
TY C ero MOllJ,HOH apTI1JIJIepl1eH BHYTpl1 npOJIHBa. B QeJI X 3a-
Il(HTbI ero OT orH 6eperOBbIX 6aTapeH OH 6bIJI OKpYJKeH JJ:PY-
rHMH MeHee QeHHbIMH Kopa6JI MH. BbinycTI1B 11 3aJIIIOB no
6aTape M qaHaKa, KpeHcepy rrpHIIIJIOCb rrpeKpaTI1Tb orOlIb, TaK
KaK HH3Ka 06JIaqnOCTb 3aTpYJJ:HHJIa KOppeKTl1pOBaHHe orH
rH,l{pOCaM OJIeTOM.
TIOJIHbIM cIOprrpH30M BHOBb BHJII1Cb rrOJIeBbIe 6aTapeH,
KOTopbIe, rrpHMeH cb K MeCTHOCTH B 3aBHCHMOCTI1 OT nOJIO-
)KeHH CTpeJI IOll!l1x H CTO llJ,HX Ha Kope Kopa6JIeH, JJ:eHcTBo-
BaJIH no HI1M HaCTOJIbKO ycneIIIHo, qTO rrpHHY)KJJ:aJIl1 I1X CHH-
MaTbC C KOpH 11 BeCTH 06cTpeJl Ha xOJJ:Y, a 3TO BeJIO K 6ec-
QeJIbHOH TpaTe cHap JJ:oB. CKa3aJIHCb TaKJKe HCJJ:OCTaTKI1
KoppeKTHpoBaHM orHH C Cy,aOB. B03,aYl1lHOe KOppeKTl1pOBa-
HHe He JJ:aJIO OJKI1JJ:aeMbIX OT Hero pe3Y JlbTaTOB, TaK KaK 3TOMY
MeIIIaJIa, C OJJ:HOH CTOpOHbI, HerrorOJJ:a, C JJ:pyroM - neJJ:OCTaTOK
B03,aYlllHbIX cpe,aCTB. ,l{eHcTBeHHbIH crroc06 3aCTaBHTb 3aMOJI-
QaTb 6eperOBbIe Opy,aI1H - rrp Moe B HI1X rrorra,n:aHHe - Tpe60-
BaJI CTpeJIb6bI C 6JIH3KMX JJ:HCTaHQMH H oc06eHHO TlI!aTeJIbHO-
ro Ha6JIIO,aeHH , HO cpe,aCTB JJ:JI TaKoro Ha6JIlo,aeHH yaHrJIO-
<ppaHltY3CKI1X BOHCK He 6bIJIO.
PYCCKUU ppo1-lm
9.M.apma - I1M - KHeBCKHH BOCrrOJIb30BaJICH 6JIaronpl1-
RTHOH 110ro,aoH H COBepllIMJI 3 1/ 2 qaCOBOH nOJleT Hau. BOCToq-
HOH TIpYCCHeH C QeJIblO pa3Be,aKH paHOHa CYPOBO - KpYKO-
BO - 3apeM6bI - BHJIJIeH6ypr - XopJKCJle H 60M6apJJ:HpOBKH
BHJIJleH6ypra. C,aeJIaB ,aBa Kpyra Han BHJIJIeH6yproM, 0,aHHl\1
H3 Tex MecT, rJJ:e norH6JIa apMM reHepaJIa CaMCOHOBa, MM-
KHeBCKI1M C6POCHJI 17 60M6 - OT 16 JJ:O 32 Kr KalK,l(aR - lIa
200
Aeuau,USl BellUKOU 80UHbl
'KeJIe3HOlJ;OpO)l(HYIO CTaHQMIO, aHrapbI 1'1 KOHHbIe nOB03KM. OH
u
TaK)I(e npOBeJI TrnaTeJIbHYIO pa3BelJ;KY 3Toro paHOHa C QeJIblO
c06paTb MH<popMaQMIO 0 nepelJ;BHJKeHMM HeMeUKMX DOMcK B
paHOHe MJIaBbI. HaKOHeQ, CaMOJIeT ClJ;eJIaJI Q>oTorpa<pMH He-
KOTOpbIX Bpa)J(eCKMX n03MQMH 1'1 6JIarOnOJI}"iHO BepHY JIC Ha
a3pOlJ;pOM.
10 Mapma - MM - KMeBcKMM nOBTOpMJI BbIJIeT. Ha 3TOT
pa3 OIl C6POCHJI 45 60M6 Ha BMJIJIeH6ypr, 10 1'13 KOTOpbIX 6bIJIH
16-Kr. B pe3YJIbTaTe )I(eJIe3HOlJ;OpO)J(HaH CTaHQM H nOlJ;BH)I(HOH
COCTaB 6bIJIH YHHtJTO)J(eHbI. COrJIaCHO MH<popMaQHH, nOJIYtJeH-
HOM n03lJ;Hee IlITa60M 1-H PYCCKOM apMHM, peHlJ; BbI3BaJI CMJIb-
HYIO naHHKY. KpOMe pa3PYllIeHM )f(eJIe3Ho.n;opO)J(HOH CTaHQHM,
noe3.n;OB 1'1 CKJIa.z10B, 6bIJIO y6HTO .n;Ba repMaHCKHX ocpMQepa 1'1
CeMHalJ;uaTb HH)J(HMX tJHHOB. DbIJI paHeH TaK)Ke HatJaJIbHMK
CTaHQMM. B OlJ;HOH HeMeQKOH ra3eTe, nOJIYtJeHHOH B fIeTpo-
rpa.z1e, co06rnaJIOCb, tJTO PyccKMe HMelOT cneQMaJIbHbIe a3po-
IIJIaHbI, KOTopbIe BbI3bIaalOT 60JIbllIOH yrnep6 H OKa3aJIMCb He-
Y.H3BMMbIMM lJ;JI apTHJIJIepHH.
11 Mapma - B fepMaHMM B HatJaJIe 1915 r. BbICllIee BoeH-
Hoe KOMaHlJ;OBaHMe npe.n;JIO)J(MJIO BoeHHOMY MHHMCTepCTBY pe-
OpraHI130BaTb B03lJ;YIlIHbIe CHJIbI, a TalOKe cHa6)J(eHHe 1'1 opra-
HM3aQMIO TblJIa. Bo rJIaae KaH3epOBCKMX B03lJ;YIlIHbIX CHJI rro-
JIeBOH aBMaQMH 6bIJI nOCTaBJIeH MaHOp fepMaHH TOMceH,
KOTOPOMY Tenepb 6bIJIM nOlJ;tJMHeHbI Bce B03JtYllIHble CMJIbI 1'1
TbIJIOBbIe (pe3epBHbIe) Be.n;OMCTBa 3a MCKJIlOtJeHMeM Flugab-
wehrformationen (BBC IIBO). ApMM.HM OTHbIHe BbInaJIM Ha
.n;OJIIO nOJIeBbIe aBMaOTp lJ;bI, H Y KIDK.ltOM apMMM 6bIJI CBOM o<pM-
ep IllTa6a JIe HKOB, MMeBIIIMH B BblCllIeM KOMaHlJ;OBaHHM ap-
u u
MMM C JIeTHOH CTOpOHbI COBernaTeJIbHbIH rOJIOC 1'1 B TO )I(e ape-
M.H OTBetJaBIllMH 3a cHa6)J(eHMe.
18 Mapma - 113 panopTa HatJaJlbHMKa lliTa6a 1-H apMMM
reHepaJI - JIeHTeHaHTa 0 lJ;erneJIMlJ;3e HatJaJIbHMKY IllTa6a fJIaB-
HOKOMaH.n;YIOrnero apMM.SIMM CeBepo-3ana.z1Horo <PPOHTa: B
TetJeHHe <peBpaJI MeC Qa cero rOlJ;a annapaTOM "I1JIb Mypo-
Meu KHeBCKHH" no 3alJ;aHHIO IlITa6a apMHH BbInOJIHeHbI TPH
60eBbIX IIOJIeTa: 1) 15 <peBpa.n C 3a.n;atJeM BbI CHHTb, eCTb JIM
nepenpaBbI Ha peKe BMCJIe Ha yqaCTKe .n;o )]:o6p)KMHa M B CJIY-
1915 lOa
201
qae, eeJIH 6bI TaKOBhIe OKa3aJIHCb, paapYIlIHTb HX; 2) 24 <t>eBpa-
JI5I pa3BettaTb paHoH CYPOBO - KPYKOBO - 3apeM6bI - BHJI-
JleH6epr - Xop:>KeJIe, npoH3BecTH pa3pYIlleHHe CTaHUHH BHJI-
JIeH6epr; 3) 25 <PeBpaJI5I - Ta )ICe 3aJ{a'Ia.
Pe3Y JIbTaTbI Pa3BettOK C <poTorpa<pH'-IeCKHMH CHHMKaMH
npenpOBo)l(t{aIO'tDI B nO.l(JlHHHHKax.
TIOJIeTbI 3TH nOKa3aJIH KpynHoe npeHMYll{eCTBO annapaTOB
"HJIb MYPOMeQ" no cpaBHeHHIO C annapaTaMH ttpyrHx CHC-
TeM. DOJIbllIaH rpY30nOtt1>eMHOCTb, ytt06CTBO Ha6JIIOtteHH ,
B03MO)KHOCTb B3.S1Tb 60JIbIllYIO BbICOTY (Ha nOCJIe HHX nOJIe-
Tax 3200 M), 60JIblliOH pan;HYC nOJIeTa, BoopY)l(eHHe annapa-
TOB H 60JIbIllaH MeTKOCTb nOnattaHH 6oM6aMH - Bce 3TO co-
u
CTaBJI eT '-Ipe3BbI1.JaHHO KpynHoe npeHMymecTBo no cpaBHeHJtIIO
C annapaTaMH 06bIKHoBeHHoro THna. 11 eCJIH annapaT H He YC-
neJI ttaTb KpynHbIx pe3YJIbTaTOB, TO TOJIbKO BCJIe CTBHe Toro,
'-ITO norOtta He n03BOIDIeT npOH3BOttl1Tb CHCTeMaTH'-IeCKHe e)l(e,lt-
HeBHbIe nOJIeTbI If OTCyrCTBYIOT KPynHbIe ueJII1 .lUI pa3pYIlle-
HH .
DOJIbllIOe 3HaqeHHe HMeeT TalOKe ,ltOCTOBepHOCTb pe3YJIb-
TaTOB pa3BettKIf, Tal( KaK Ka)K,ltOe Ha6JIIO,lteHHe MO)l(eT CBo60,lt-
HO <pOTorpa<}>MpoBaThCH.
llpOH3Be,lteHHhIe TpM 60eBbIX nOJIeTa BnOJIHe nOKa3aJIH,
KaKI1X KpynHblx pe3YJIbTaTOB MO)l(HO O)l(H,ltaTb OT annapaTOB
THna "I1JIb.Sl MypoMeQ".
B3.HThIe y II paCHbIllia HeMeUKMe JIeTtlHKH nOKa3aJIM, 1.JTO HM
H3BeCTHO 0 cymecTBoBaHHI1 y Hac 60JIbllIHX 60eBbIX annapa-
TOB H 'ITO B fepMaHHH CHJIbHO OIl(YIl(aeTC He,ltOCTaTOK TaKoro
TMna annapaTOB. C Tex nop KaK Ha a3pOJtpOMe B .H6JIOHHe YC-
TaHOBJIeHO Jt O OttHOro 113 annapaTOB "I1JIb MypoMeQ",
repMaHCKHe a3pon.naHbI He CMeIOT nO BJI TbCH B paHOHe a3po-
ttpoMa. .
Bo <l>paHQHH BoeHHbIH JIeT'IHK JIeHTeHaHT DpOKap, JIeTaB-
IllI1H Ha ,l{enep,ltIOCCeHe. 6bIJI na3HaqeH KOMaHttl1pOM BHOBb
C<pOpMl1pOBaHHOH 3CKa,ltpHJIbH MopaH-COJIbHbe., KOTopa
,ltOJIIKHa 6bIJIa 3aMeHHTb B 6-H apMl111 3CKaJJ;pI1JIbIO EJIepl1o .
<I>paHl.{Y3bI TaK)I(e HalJaJIH npouecc 3aMeHbI Ha <ppOHTax YCTa-
peBlllHX CaMOJIeTOB 60JIee conpeMeHHbIMI1.
202
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80U1lbl
Boil B ,lI;ap,lJ;aHeJlJlaX 18 MapTa 1915 rO,lJ;a
IIoroJ{a 18 MapTa 6bIJIa 6JIar0l1pH.HTHa. KoppeKTHpoBaTb
CTpeJIbC f J{OJI)KHbI 6bIJII1 HCKJIIOlJl1TeJIbHO rl1J{pocaMOJICTbI.
Bo HCI10JIHeHHe HaMe\leHHOrO I1JIaHa 1-.H J{I1BI13H.H Kopa6-
JIeM BOlliJIa B npOJII1B B 10 lJac. 30 MHH. 11 OTKpblJIa orOHb C 14
TbIC. M. B OTBeT OHa 110JIY\lHJIa MHOrOlJl1CJIeHHbIe 11011an;aHH.H C
HOBbIX npOMe)KYTOlJHbIX TypeUKI1X 6aTapeM, KOTopble, HeCMOT-
p51 Ha Bce CTapaHI151, He MOrJIa npHBeCTH K MOJIlJaHHIO.
Bo BpeM.H 3Toro 06CTpeJIa MHcpJIeKCI16JIb», paCCTpeJIHBa-
eMblM B CBOIO OlJepeJ{b CHap5lJ{aMI1 pa3HbIX KaJII16pOB, HaTKHYJI-
C5I Ha J{peM<PYIOll{YIO MI1HY 11 110HeCC5I 110 BOJIe TeQeHI151.
B 12 \lac. 20 MI1H. 3-51 J{I1BI13H5I fel1paTTa 110JIYlJI1JIa npHKa3
BbIJ{BI1HYTbC5I BnepeJ{, \lT06bI HalJaTb pa3pYllIeHHe cpOpTOB C
60JIee KOpOTKOM J{HcTaHUHH.lJ:HBH3H5I BOlliJIa B I1pOJIHB B J{BYX
JIHHI151X H, cJIe.n;Y5I BJ{OJIb BOCTOlJHOrO 6epera 110J{ I1pHKpbITHeM
MI1HOHOCueB, OTKpbIJIa CTpeJIb6y I1p5lMOM HaBo.n;KOH: no qaHaK-
CKOM rpynne H KHJIHJ{-Eapy. Kopa6JII1 CKOpO 6bIJIH B351Tbl nOA
orOHb MHOrOlJHCJIeHHbIX npOMe)KYTOQHbIX Typel.{KHX 6aTapeM
pa3HblX KaJIH6pOB, 113 KOTOpbIX MHOrl1e 06HapY)KHJIH ce651 Bnep-
Bble. CpeJ{H 3THX 6aTapeM 6bIJII1 T5I)KeJIbIe Kpel10CTHhle 11 nOJIe-
Bble, paCI10JIOJKeHHble Ha 6eperax.
C 6JII13KOM J{I1CTaHI..(HH nona,u,aHH5I TypeUKHx CHap.HJ{OB
6bIJII1 MHOrOlJHCJIeHHbI. 3-51.n;HBI13H5I TeM He MeHee OCTaBaJIaCb
Ha MeCTe, OJKHJ{aJI 110J{xoJ{a 2-M J{HBli3HH.
B 14 \lac. 30 MHH. cppaHUY3CKI1e Kopa6JII1 (3-51 J{HBH31151)
CJ{eJIaJIH nOJIy060poT, lJT06bI OTOMTH Ha3an;. K 3TOMY BpeMeHH
OCTaBaJIC5I HenOBpeJKJ{eHHbIM JIHllIb O,l1HH «IlIapJIeMaHb»;
ClOcp<ppeH», nOJIY\lHBIlIHM HeCKOJIbKO T5I)KeJIbIX CHap5lJ{OB, C
TPYJ{OM OTXO.n;51, OTCTpeJII1BaJIC5I; rOJIya» HaTKHYJIC5I na MI1HY
M B03BpaTI1JIC.H K TeHeJ{ocy; «EYBe» l1orH6 OT Hel13BeCTHOH I1pH-
qHHbi (TopneJ{bI, MI1HbI HJIH KpynHoro CHap5lJ{a) B TPH MHHY-
TbI, nOlJTI1 co BceM 3KHl1aJKeM. 1-51 H 2-51 J{HBH3HH npoJ{OJIIKaJIH
60M C 14 qac. 4S MI1H. J{O H01..J:H. Pe3YJIbTaTbI CTpeJIb6bI no <t>op-
TaM Ka3aJII1Cb XOPOllII1MH. Ho qTO KaCaeTC5I npOMe:>KYTOqHhIX
ray6HlJHbIX 11 nOJIeBbIX 6aTapei1, CT05lBllIHX B 60JIbllIHHCTBC Ha
3aKpbITbIX n0311l.{I151X, TO npOTHB nux CYJ{oBo i orOHb 6bIJI 6ec-
1915zoa
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CHJIeH. AraMeMHOH nOTepneJI OT OrH5I TypeUKI1X 6aTapeH
T5I)I(eJIYIO aBapHIO, MppeCHCTI16JIb 11 OKeaH» norn6JII1, no-
,nopBaBIlII1Cb no,n; OrHeM apTI1JIJIepMH Ha MI1HaX, KOTOpbIe TYP-
KH pa36pocaJII1 B 6yxTe 3peHKI10H.
B 18 tJaCOB P06eK ,n;an oT60H.
Bce cy,na, YtJaCTBOBaBIlIl1e B 6010, nOJIytJl1JII1 KpYI1Hble 110-
Bpe)l(,neHI151. Y TypOK OCTanl1Cb ueJIbIMI1 Bce nOJIOCbI MI1HHbIX
3 arpa:>K,n;eHI1H. TIoBpe)l(,neHH5I <pOpTOB B 06IIJ;eM 6bIJII1 HeBeJII1-
KH. Bcero 6bIJIO BbIBe,n;eHO 113 CTp051 8 Opy,nI1H, 113 KOTOpbIX 4
OKOHtJaTeJIbHO. TIoTepl1 TypOK B JIl1tJHOM COCTaBe 3a 3TOT ,neHb
OKa3anl1Cb OIIJ;YTHMbIMI1: 40 y611TbIX 11 74 paHeHbIX, B TOM tJHC-
JIe 18 HeMueB.
Bopb6a <pJIOTa C 6eperoBbIMI1 6aTape5lMI1, C TOtJKI1 3peHI151
,[(ap,naHeJIJIbCKOH onepaUI1I1, pa3pemaeTC5I B nOJIb3Y 6epera.
O,nHaKo K OKOHtJaTeJIbHbIM BbIBo,naM HY)l(HO 110,nOHTI1 C HeKO-
TOpOH OCTOpO)l(HOCTblO, TaK KaK B npo,nOJI)I(eHl1e Bcero 3Toro
onbITa, HatJl1HaR C 3 H05l6p51 1914 r. no 18 MapTa 1915 r. BKJIIO-
tJI1TeJlbHO, cpe,nCTBa KOppeKTl1pOBaHI151 OrH5I11 Ha6JIIO,neHI151 3a
pa3pYIlIeHI151MI1 6bIJII1 KpaMHe He,nOCTaTOtJHbI. KpoMe Toro,
MaTepl1aJIbHasI 'lIaCTb <pJIOTa, npl1cnOC06JIeHHaH K 60Pb6e C ce6e
110,n06HbIM npOTHBHHKOM, T. e. cpJlOTOM )l(e, He B ,nOCTaTOtJHOH
Mepe COOTBeTCTBOBaJIa ueJI5IM CTpeJIb6bI 110 06'beKTaM 6epero-
BOM 060POHbI. OJ{HaKO BCKope, 6JIaro,nap51 B03paCTalOIIJ;eMY
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XBatIeHa J{pyrHM 3HaMeHI1TbIM <PpalIUY3CKHM JIeTt.J:I1KOM - Bc,n:-
pHHOM 113 23-ti 3CKa,l(pl1J1bH MopaHOB-COJIbHbe . BeJ{pl1H
ceMb pM J{OCTaBJUIJI llInl10HOB B rJIy60KHH TbIJI H TPH pa3a np"-
JIeTaJI ,l(JIR Toro, t.J:T06bI 3a6paTb CBOHX naCCa)KHpOB 06paTHO.
dTO npHXOJ.{HJIOCb ,n;CJIaTb He Ka)K,l{bIH pa3, TaK KaK HeKOTopble
113 3aCJIaHHbIX llInMOHOB nOrl16aJIl1, a HeKOTopbIe B03Bpalll.aJII1Cb
CaMl1 tIepe3 rOJIJIaH,n;I1IO. 06bIt.J:HO TaKl1e rOCTH 6paJIH C Co-
60ti nOtITOBbIX rOJIy6eH.
TaKHe nOJIeTbI npl1H3JUle)KaJlH K pa3pRJlY oc06o onaCHbIX no-
pyqeHMH 11 Ha3bIBaJII1Cb Cnel.(HaJIbHbIMH 3a,naHHRMH . 80 Bpe-
MR BOHHbI BoeHHasI ueH3ypa 3anpelll.aJIa ny6JIHKOBaTb B net.J:aTH
,n;a)Ke CJIa6ble HaMeKI1 Ha nO,l(06HbIM pO,l( ,l(eticTBHH aBHau,HI1.
HaBapp: dTO 6bIJIO B MapTe, Kor,n;a R BbIIIOJIHHJI MOC nep-
Boe cneQMaJIbHOe 3a.n;aHl1e. Ha MoeM "MopaH- IIapaCOJle" R ,n;OJI-
:>KeH 6bIJI OTBe3TI1 o,n;Horo yt.JHTeJIR M3 3axBalleHHoH 06JIaCTI1.
OH oTnpaBHJlCR, KOHetIHO, B lliTaTCKOM KOCTlOMe C KOTeJIKOM
Ha rOJlOBe. MHe BO liTO 6bI TO HI1 CTaJIO XOTeJlOCb O,l(eTb ero B
KenH, t.J:T06bl 6bIJIO y,n;06Hee, HO OH OTKa3aJIC5I OT 3Toro...
MbI OTnpaBHJII1Cb B nOJIJ.(eHb - ,l(YPHOH t.J:ac ,n;JIR nOJIeTa,
HO npeBocxo,n;Iiblti J{JIR HallIeH pa60TbI. MbI ,l(OJI)KHbI 6bIJIH OT-
npaBI1TbCR K O,n;HOMY MecTY B6JIH3H OT BepJ.(eHa... nepeCeKJIH
JIHHI1IO <t>POHTa 6e3 I1pI1KJIIOt.J:eHI1M, - HI1 nYllleK, HH CaMOJIe-
TOB, - TaKaH y,n;aqa. 51 BeCb nOrJIOll{eH CBOHM 3a;:I:aHHeM: nep-
Boe 33J(aH"Ie neBOJIbHO np0I13BO,l(I1T CHJIbHOe Bnet.J:aTJIeHHe, TaK
KaK He 3HaellIb, tIeM 3TO KOHt.JHTCH. nepcneKTHBa CMepTH, -
Hl1tIero. I-Io ,n;BeHa,z{uaTb I1YJIb B rpYJ.{b - 3TO CKBCpHO! *
51 cnycTHJIC C BbICOTbI C T )KeJlbIM tIYBCTBOM, OTblCKHBa
Jlyr J.{JIR nOCMKl1, H 3aKOnql1JI cnYCK ueJloj;'r CepJ1eH CnHpaJIb-
· JICT J-II(OIJ, IIOHMallllblX IIp 1 BhlcaJlKC III 1I1-I01la, 6hlJI0 "IH1Ka3aIlO paCCTpc-
JIHlJaTh 113 MCCTC.
210
A8ua UR BeJlUKOU 80iiHbl
HbIX Bl1pa)l(eti y caMoti 3eMJII1 "a la N avarr", KaK .Apyrl1M 6bIJIO
yrOlJ,HO np03BaTb I1X...
Moti naCCIDKl1p nOKI1HYJI MeHH. 51 6bIJI lJ,OBOJIen, 1JTO no-
KOHtIl1JI C 3TI1M lJ,eJIOM...
5eJJ:HbIH ytIl1TeJIb, BnOCJIelJ,CTBI111 OKa3aJIOCb, 1JTO OH OTO-
CJIalI CBOHX Tpex rOJIy6eti co CBelJ,eHI1HMI1, HO 1Jepe3 MeCHl.{ MbI
Y3HaJIl1, '-ITO HeM[(bI notiMaJIl1 ero 11 paCCTpeJISlJIH...
31 Mapma - B lIITa6e 1-M PYCCKOti apMl111 nOJIY1JeHa I1H-
cpopMal{I1S1, tITO B HX ceKTOp nepe6polIIeHbI 3Ha1JI1TeJIbHbIe rep-
MaHCKHe CHJIbI. BCTpeBO)l(eHHbIM 3TI1M pa3BI1Tl1eM C06bITI1M,
lllTa6 npHKa3aJI I1M - Kl1eBcKoMY Tll1aTeJIbHO 06CJIelJ,OBaTb
BpIDKeCKHe TbIJIbI lJ,JIH Toro, 1JT06bI onpelJ,eJII1Tb lJ,BM)I(eHl1e 11 pa3-
Mell.{eHHe Henpl1HTeJIbCKI1X CI1JI. Kanl1TaH A. A. <pOH fOPCT, Ocpl1-
uep pa3Be.n;KI1 1- M apMHI1, BOlIIeJI B COCTaB 3KI1nIDKa B03lJ,YllIHO-
ro cy,Z!ua, KOTOpbIM BKJIlOtIaJI KOMaHlJ,l1pa Kopa6JISI Kanl1TaHa
[ I foplUKoBa, BToporo nl1JIOTa JIeMTeHaHTa 11. C. BalliKo Ii ap-
THJIJIepHHCKoro ocpl1Qepa lIITa6c-KanMTaHa A. A. HaYMoBa.
I1M-Kl1eBcKl1ti Hec Ha 60PTY 524 Kr 6eH311Ha, 98_Kr Mac-
JIa, 1JeTbIpe nYJIeMeTa - nBa MaKCI1Ma Ii nBa ManceHa, 11 .ABe
KaMepbI, IloTTe 11 YJIbSlHliHa. MI1CCI1S1 npo.n;OJI)I(aJIaCb 1JeTbIpe
tIaca, Ha BblCOTe OT 3200 no 3600 M. 3a 3TO BpeMH 6bIJIO nOKpbI-
TO paCCTOSlHl1e B 533 KM. PaHOH ueJII1 JI.JISI pa3Be.n;bIBaTeJIbHOrO
rrOJIeTa rrpl1MepHO COOTBeTCTBOBaJI rpaHl1ue c fepMaHl1eM,
BKJII01JaH TaKl1e reorpacpl11JeCKHe nYHKTbI KaK BI1JIJIeH6ypr,
I-Iei1JJ:eH6ypr, COJIblJ,ay, JIayreH6ypr, CTpac6ypr, TOpH 11 onpe-
lJ,eJIeHHbIe Y3JIOBbIe CTaHl.{1111 Ha JKeJIe3HbIX lJ,oporax, no KOTO-
pbIM nepeB03HJII1Cb HeMeUKl1e BOHCKa.
B Topne nOJleT npoxo.n;I1JI Han BepXHI1M Te1JeHMeM peKI1
BHCJlbI lJ,0 TIJIOUKa, 3aTeM K ceBepy, .n;o MJIaBbI l1lJ,aJIee Ha BOC-
TOK. I1JIbH MYPoMeQ 3aTeM nOBepHYJI Ha lOr 11 nOJIeTeJI Ha3a.zt
K JII1IIHI1 <ppoHTa OT ee BOCT01JHOrO KPaH K 3analJ,y no HanpaB-
JleH1110 K fIJIOHKY. B pe3Y JIbTaTe 6bIJIM Tm;aTeJIbHO pa3BelJ,aHbI
rrepelJ,OBbIC n0311Ul111 npOTI1BHI1Ka. BbIJII1 c<poTorpacpl1pOBaHbI
Hal160JIee Ba)f(Hble nYHKTbI 11 60JlblIIHe ropOlJ,a, Bcero - 60JIee
50 cpoTorpa<pHH.
CTaJIO SlCHO, '-ITO Bpar He nepeMeIl(aJI CBOI1 BoticKa B 3TOM
paHOHe. BbIBO,Z! 6bIJI OtIeBHlJ,HbIM. B IlITa6 1-H apMl111 npHlllJIa
1915 lOa
211
JIO:>KRM HHcpOpMaQHH. PaaBeJJ;bIBaTeJIbHbIM nOJIeT HJIbH My-
pOMQa npO,lteMOHCTpHpOBaJI, qTO BpajKeCKHe CHJIbI 113 3TOrO
paHOHa 6bIJIH IIepeMemeHbI Ky,na-TO B ,npyroe MeCTO. KOnH}!
3TOrO ,nOKJIa.n;a 6bIJIa HanpaBJIeHa B CTaBKY PYCCKOH apMMH.
Ha CaMOM ,a;eJIe fepMaHH}! KOHQeHTpHpOBana CI1JIbI IOiKHee
3TOrO paHoHa. 3a.aYMaHHCUI HMH HOBCUI onepaQH}! CB}!3bIBaJIaCb
C npopbIBOM cppoHTa MeiK,ny BepxHeM BMCJIOM H IIo,nHOiKbeM
BecKH,noB (B paMoHe fOpJIHQe), a He C ,neHcTBH}!MH npoTHB 01{-
Horo HJIM ,nBYX <pJIaHrOB, KaK 3TO HMeJIO MeCTO paHbllle. Ha 3TOT
y,nap repMaHCKHH reHepaJIbHhIH llITa6 ,neJIaJI OqeHb 60JIbIIIYIO
cTaBKY.
COrJIaCHO npHH}!TbIM nJIaHaM Be,ncHHR OnepaQMH I1a Boc-
T01.JHOM <ppOHTe CBO,nHM 11-}! apMH}! MaKeH3eHa * B raJIHl.(I1H
6bIJIa cHa6iKeHa TpeM}! aBHaoTpSl,naMH N2N2 1, 8, 21 H O,nHMM
6oM6ap,nHpOB01.JHbIM ,nHBH3HOHOM BepxoBHoro rJIaBHOKOMaH-
JJ;OBaHH}! (OT,neJIeHHe rOJIy6MHoH n01.JTbI B OCTeH,ne) - Bcero
B KOJIH1.JeCTBe 54 CaMOJIeTOB.
3HrepT: B MapTe 1915 r. nOCJIe Toro KaK 3a 3HMY YCJIOBH}!
Be,neHH}! B03,nYlliHOH BOMHbI Ha 3ana.n;HOM cppOHTe c,neJIaJIHCb
,nJI}! Hac HeBbIHOCHMbIMH, aBHaKopnyc BepXOBHoro rJIaBHOKO-
MaH,nOBaHHH 6bIJI nepeBe,neH TaKiKe Ha BOCTOK, r,ne eMY OTKpbI-
JIOCb IIIMpOKoe " 6JIaro,napHoe nOJIe ,ne}!TeJIbHOCTH. Ea3MPY}!Ch
Ha AnJIeHIIITeHH, OH npOH3BeJI B TeqeHMe 30 ,nHeH 20 B03,nYIII-
HbIX 60M6ap,nMpoBOK: Ha JIOMjKY, OCTpOJIeHK, ITpacHbIIlI, lI.e-
xaHOB, HOBropoJ.J; H EeJIOCTOK, np" cpe,nHeH J.J;HCTaHu,I1H IIOXO-
,nOB OKOJIO 280 KM .
3HrepT: BeCHOM 1915 r. pYCCKMe HanpaBHJII1 npOTI1B 12-i1
apMHH 60JIbIlll1e B03,nYIIIHbIe CI1JIbI, KOTopble j\eJIaJIl1 Hana,ne-
HH}! ,naiKe Ha IlITa6Hoe pacnOJIOJKeHMe apMHH cpOH raJIbBHu.a .
PyccKMe 3aIIHCKH N23, MapT 1915 r.: qTO KaCaeTC}! CJIY-
XOB OT 24-25 MapTa 0 60e aHfJIHHCKOM M HeMeu,KoM 3CKaap y
OCTpOBa CHJIbT, TO J.(eJIO IIIJIO 0 Ha.lIeTe aIlfJII1MCKI1X rl1J.(pOIlJIa-
HOB, no,nKpenJIeHHbIX cpJIOTHJIMeM KpeHcepOB M KOHTpMMHOHOC-
QeB Ha 3an3,ll,HOM 6epery lIlJIe3BHra, npM1.IeM qeTbIpbM}! 6p11TaH-
· MaKcII3cII ABI)'CT (1849-1945) - rcpMallcKHH rCllcpaJl-Q)CJ1hJlMapllJaJI. B
TICPBYIO MHpoOY'O uonllY Clla"Ja.1Ia KOMaIlJlOBaJ[ KOPIlYCOM B BOCTOLfIiOH ITpyc-
CI-Ut, JaTCM apMHC t 0 faJIHIlHH, a JaTCM rpYlilioH apMHH 0 CCp6HH '" PYMhllHHI.
212
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CKMMH KOHTpMHHOHOCu;aMH 6hIJIO nOTOnJIeHO ,nBa repMaHCKHX
CTOp0)KeBhIX cy,nHa, H O,nHH 6pMTaHCKMM KOHTpMHHOHOCeu no-
rH6 OT CTOJIKHOBeHH}I BO BpeM}I 6YPH C 6pMTaHCKHM )Ke Cy,nHOM.
HeKOTOpOe 3HatleHHe ,nJI}I MOpCKMX KOJIOHMaJIhHhIX onepa-
UMM MO)KeT HMeTh 061>}IBJIeHMe 10 MapTa fOJIJIaH,nMeM BOHHhI
ITopTyraJIMH 3a peKBH3HQHIO HeMeUKHX Cy,nOB B nopTax pec-
ny6JIHKH...
113 ,neMCTBMM B03,nYllIHOrO <pJIOTa, KpOMe y)Ke ynoMSIHYTO-
ro Hana.n;eHH}I 6pMTaHCKHX rn,npOnJIaHOB Ha IIIJIe3BHr, CJIe,ny-
eT ynoMSlH)'Th HaJIeT 17 MapTa repMaHCKMX rH,npOnJIaHOB Ha
BOCTOtlHhIe 6epera AHrJIHM, r,ne 60M6hI 6hIJIH C6pOllIeHhI Hat{
,l{MJIeM, PaMCr3TOM H Mapr3TOM, M aKcne,nHUMIO 25 MapTa
<ppaHUY3cKMX aapOnJIaHOB npOTMB HeMeUKoro JIarepSi B MaT-
tll1KOBe (Ha DaJIKaHaX, K IOrO-3ana,ny OT ,l{oMpaHcKoro 03epa) .
PyccKHe 3anHCKH N24, anpeJIh 1915 r.: YnOM}IHeM, HaKO-
Heu, rJIaBHeMlliHe <paKThI BOMHhI B B03,nyxe. 20 MapTa no n)'TM 113
KOMnheHa B ITapH)K 11 06paTHO repMaHCKHe uenneJIHHhI c6po-
CMJIH ,nIO)KHHY 60M6 Ha CTOJIHQY M CTOJIhKO )Ke Ha KOMnheH. B
ITapM)Ke 6hIJIO paHeHO 8 tleJIOBeK M BJIaCT}IMH npMHSlThI cephe3-
HhIe MephI JUI}I Toro, tIT06hI npe,nOTBpaTMTh B03MO)KHhIe HOBhIe
aTaKM Ha ITapH)K. CKOpO COlO3HhIe JIeTt.IHKH B3S1JIH CBOM peBaHllI.
B nenocpe,nCTBeHHO CJIe,noBaBlIIMe 3a Han3,ll,eHHeM ,nHI1 <ppaH-
UY3CKMMH B03,nYllIHhIMH CMJIaMM 6hIJIO c6pollieHo 20 60M6 Ha
HeMeUKHM a3po,npOM H Ha CTaHUMH JIMxTep<peJIh,ne H 3eccoH, B
OeJIhrHM, Ha BOK3aJI B CepHe H AnhTKl1pXe H Ka3apMhI B MMJIh-
reHMe (3JIh3ac), Ha KaaapMhI 11 BOK3aJI BO <I>pcM6ypre (D3,lI,eH);
H, HaKOHeu, B paMoHe 3H, Ha Ka3apMhI B JIa<pep M Ha 3.n;aHHSI
BOK3aJIOB B AHM3H, 1ll0HH, TepHhe H KycM-JIe-lliaTo. C ,npyroM
CTOpOHhI 24 MapTa aHfJIHMCKHe JIePlHKH npOM3BeJIM 3HatIHTeJIh-
HhIe paapyrneHH}I MeJK,ny repMaHCKI1MH no,nBo,nHhIMM JIo,nKaMH,
CTpOMBllIMMMCH B f060JIeHe, 6JIM3 AHTBepneHa. ITo,nO)K)KeHhI
aHTBepneHCKHe MopcKHe ,nOKH; y6MTO M paHeHO OKOJIO 100 He-
Mel.!KHX pa60tlMX; nOBpe)K,neHhI ,nHpl1)Ka6JIH B CeHT- A raTe H [0-
60JIeHe. 27 MapTa <ppaHl.!Y3cKHe JIeTqMKH CHOBa npOHMKJIM B
3JIh3ac-JIoTapHHfHIO H 6oM6ap,nHpoBaJIM BOK3aJI B Meue H Ka-
3apMhI B OKpecTHOCT}IX CTpac6ypra...
Ha DaJIKaHCKOM nOJIYOCTpOBe aBcTpMMcKHe aapOnJIaHhI
1915z0d
213
C6POCHJIH .n;eCjlTOK 60M6 19 MapTa Han; ropo.n;oM AHTHBapM, a
13 MapTa aBCTpHMCKHM a3pOnJIaH C6POCHJI 7 60M6 Ha pbIHKe B
IIo.n;ropMl.{e, y6HB 22 1.IeJIOBeKa H paHHB 62 .
All P EJIb
IIocJIe Toro KaK <ppaHl.{Y3cKMM JIeTtIHK POJIaH fappo YCTa-
HOBMJI Ha CBoeM CaMOJIeTe JIerKHM nYJIeMeT C CMHxpOHH3aTO-
pOM, n03BOJI}!BIIIMM CTpeJI}ITh Qepe3 JIOnaCTH nponeJIJIepa *, CO-
103HHKH TYT jKe n03aHMCTBOBaJIM 3TOT onhIT. Pe3KO B03pOCJIM
nOTepM BOIOIOInMX CTOpOH B JIIO.n;}IX H TeXHMKe. HeMl.{hI opra-
HM30BaJIH OXOTY 3a YCOBepIlleHCTBOBaHHbIMH MaIlIMHaMH.
1 anpeJUl - YCTaHOBHB Ha CBOM: CaMOJIeT ny JIeMeT, CTpe-
JI}IIOlI.{HM: CKB03h OMeT BHHTa, M 60M6oc6pachIBaTeJIM CBOerI
KOHCTPYKl.{HH, fappo B nepBhIM: pa3 OTnpaBHJIC}! McnhITaTb CBOM
YCTpOM:CTBa. IIo nYTM K CTaHl.{HH fOHJJ;3aM on 3aMeTHJI Ha BhI-
COTe 1700 M AJIh6aTpoc M 06CTpeJISlJI ero H3 nYJIeMeTa. A.nb-
6aTpoc pa3BepHYJIC}! H TO)l(e aTaKOBaJI fappo. Q.n;HaKo BTOpa.H
OQepe.n;h cppaHl.{Y3cKoro JIeT1.IMKa OKa3aJIaCb 60JIee T01.IHOH. fep-
MaHCKMM CaMOJIeT Ha1.IaJI nan.aTh H Ha BhICOTe 1000 M 3arOpeJIC.H.
2 anpeJUl - Haaapp .n;o6HBaeTC}I OTnpaBKH Ha HOBoe cnel.{-
3an;aHMe; ero HanpaBJI}IIOT C naCCajKMpOM B PeTeJIb.
HaBapp: ...Ha o6paTHoM nYTH }I 3aMe1.IalO JIaoHCKHM: a3po-
.n;pOM HeMl.{eB. M.n;e}!! He y.n;HBHTh JIH MHe 3peJIHlI.{eM <ppaHUY3-
CKoro "MHTHHra". 51 cnycKalOch na.n;aIOII HM JIHCTOM Ha 500 M
Han: HMMM H HaqHHalO npe.n;CTaBJI}!Th cepMIO Bcex TpIOKOB, Ka-
KMe TOJIhKO 3HM.
j{OJIjKHO 6hITb, :3TO 3aHHTepeCOBaJIO HX, nOTOMY 1.ITO HMKTO
If He .n;YMaJI CTpeJISITh no MHe... B.n;Pyr }! CJIhIIIIY PYjKeM:HhIe BhI-
CTpeJIbI, - 060pa1.IHBaIOCh: 3TO CTaphIH A.nb6aTpoc .n;o6poco-
BeCTHO 06C TpeJIHBaeT MeH}!. fJIynel.{, npepBaJI MOIO nporpaM-
· fapp<> paCC"IHT3JI, "ITO 110 Cpa8llCliHIO C 06l1lCH (l1I01l13JlblO OMCTaCMoro 01111-
TOM JlHCKa 1I0acpXIIOCTb JIBYX JIOllaCTCH BCCbMa IICDC1II1Ka - olla COCTaBJI}lCT
JIHlllb COTblC JI0JlH JlJlOlll3JlH Kpyra. no 3aKoilY BCpoJiTIlOCTH TOJlbKO 7% IIYJlh
DCTpc"laCTC}I C JlOnaCTJlMH. Ha 3TOT CJIYljaH fappo IIpcJlJIO)l(HJI I1CIIOJlb300aTh
TpcyrOJlbllblC MCTaJlJlHljCCKHC lIaKJIaJlKH lIa JlOliaCTH B MCCTC HX BCTpCljH C
TpaCCOH CTPCJlb6b1, KOTopble IIpCJlOxpalUIT BHIIT, OTKJIOIIJlJl I10n3JIaI01l{J1C 8
nero IIYJlH_
214
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MY... }I He Mor ero c6MTb, nOTOMY qTO Ha cneQ3a,ltaHMe OTnpaB-
JI}IIOT 6e3 OpYJKM . qTO .l(eJIaTb? MHe KaJKeTC}I, qTO BbICMe}ITb
3Toro rOCnO,ltMHa - e,ltMHCTBeHHoe HOpMaJIbHOe pellIeHMe. 51
npMHMMalOCb 3a 3TO: KaK 6Y,ltTO He BM,lt}I ero, }I cnYCKalOCb na-
J1alOllU1M JIMCTOM ,lt0 100 M HaJ1 aapOJ1pOMOM; HeMeQ npO,ltOJI-
JKaeT CBoe. B cJIeJ1YlOllu,ni MOMeHT }I npepbIBalO <pMryPY, 3a6H-
palOCb KPYTO BBepx, M MOM "TIapaCOJIb" MfHOBeHHO I1pOM3BO-
J1MT TaKoe BneqaTJIeHMe, TOqHO B3JIeTaeT K He6y, TOr,lta KaK
«AJIb6aTpOC He MOJKeT M ,ltYMaTb CJIe,ltOBaTb 3a MHOM. TIOTOM
BHOBb npO,lteJIbIBalO MOM Hel10rpellIMMbIM na.nalOlI.{MM JIMCT,
OllIeJIOMJI}I}I Moero 6eCCMJIbHOrO npoTMBHMKa.
,l{OJIJKHO 6bITb, CMe}IJIMCb JKe BHM3Y. 3TOM MbICJIM .l(OCTa-
TOqHO 6bIJIO, qT06bI pa3BJIeqb MeH}I M 3aCTaBMTb 3a6bITb BC}I-
KMe 3a60TbI...
3TOT CJIYtlaM OqeHb XOpOlliO xapaKTepM3yeT He CTOJIbKO ca-
Moro HaBappa, CKOJIbKO 60JIbllIMHCTBO BoeHHbIX JIe'PIMKOB Ha-
tla.n:a BOMHbI. XOT , KOHeqHO :>Ke, 110 BceM CBMJ1eTeJIbCTBaM Ha-
Bapp 6bIJI O.l(HMM M3 caMbIX He.ll.MCQMIIJIMHMpOBaHHbIx.nMJIOTOB.
,l{ocTaBJIeHHbIM Ha 3TOT pa3 naCCaJKMp HaBappa TaKJKe
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JIeHMe, tlTO OH npMHOCMT HeCtlaCTbe. Ha TpeTbe CneU3a.l(aHMe
OH COrJIaCMJIC}I OTl1paBHTbC}I TOJIbKO B nape C BeJ1pHHOM, Bce-
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4 anpeJlR - PyccKMe aBMaTopbI Ha «HM» 06HapYJKMJIM Ha
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06030B. fepMaHCKa}I apTMJIJIepM}I OTKpbIJIa yparaHHbIM orOHb
no aapOI1JIaHY.
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1915 lOa
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a B OKPY)KeHHbIM ropaMH AK6alli, He HMeBlliHM: YJ106HbIX MeCT
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xpOHH3aU;HI1 orH nYJIeMeTa C Bpall1eHHeM rrponeJIJIepa. OH
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rrpOXO)KJ1eHH CTBOJIa JIOnaCTblO BHHTa *. 3TO rrpHcnoc06JIeHI1e
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BaTb MaHeBpeHHble KatIeCTBa CBOHX MaInHH. Pe3YJIbTaTOM 3TO-
ro copeBHOBaHH CTaHeT nepBbIH B MCTOpHH CneU;HaJIbHhIH ca-
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naTCIiTOBaJla cHlixpolnl3HpooallllblH C MOTOpoM nYJICMCT ClitC 0 1913 f. TorJta
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Tooalla IIYIIIKa, CTpcJlStBIJICUllICpC3 1I0JlblH Ball pCJlYKTopa, liTO TaK)KC OCTaBa-
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MKOB npoTIiBHIiKa. 20-M KopnycHoM aBliaOTpJl,n, HaqliHaH C
,neKa6pJl 1914 r. 55 pa3 rrpeCJle,nOBaJI BpaJKeCKlie CaMOJIeTbI 113
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222
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Ha HIiX npoxo,nJlT 06yt.JeHlie 234 oQ:>liuepa. K 3TOMY MOMeHTY C
nat.JaJIa BOMHbI B AHrJIli1i 1i3roTOBJIeHO 530 CaMOJIeTOB.
I! apaa1-leJUlbl
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1915 lOO
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Ha napoxoJI.e cpe,nli norli611Ilix naCCa)KlipOB 6bIJIO OKOJIO 1000
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191520a
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JIMBaeMbIe pYJKefIHbIM M nYJIeMeTHbIM orneM. B TO JKe BpeM.H 19-
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1915 lOd
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fOB OT AHrJIMM.
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Ii Mblca TeKe.
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pa6oTY.
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1915 lOa
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nOJlCHHTeJIbHOM 3anMCKe npHJIO)l(l1JII1 IIo.lI.p06noc OflHcaHHC
paKeTbl M Q:>OTorpaQ:>HqeCKl1e CIIHMKH ee ,n:eMCTBHJI.
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peKTHpOBIl..tMKOB apTHJIJIepHI1CKOrO OrHJI paKeTbI OKa3aJ1HCb
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pbIB. IIo3ToMY B HatIaJIe 3Toro rO,l{a no rrpe,n:JIO)KeHHIO JIeTqH-
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1915 r. Bonpoc 06 061>eJ{IiHeHHH ynpaBJIeHHH TIBO TbIJIa .
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HO IiMeBlliee 60JIbllilie nOCJIetJ;CTBIiH Co6bITlie - H3MYQeHHbIM
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J{I1TeJIbCTBo! 51 OTnpaBIiJICH Ha BOMHY BOBce He tJ;JIH Toro, 'lITO-
6bI peKBli3lipOBaTb CbIp Ii HMQa, a COBepllieHHO .l1JIH HHbIX ue-
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)KeJIaHI1IO MOJIOJJ;oro JIeMTeHaHTa, 11 OH 6bIJI 3aQliCJIeH B aBlia-
UIiIO. TOQHO TaK )Ke nocrynliJI BnOCJIeJ{CTBMIi M MJIaJ(llIMM 6paT
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<pJIOT npoJJ;OJIjKaeT CBOIi ,n;eMcTBHH B 060HX JIarepHx. 22 MaH
JIeTaJI Hal{ napli)KeM Ii c6poCliJI 8 60M6 repMaHcKMM a3pOnJIaH,
a 23 aBcTpHHcKlie a3pOnJIaHbI 6pocaJIIi 6oM6bI HM BeHeUliei1,
HO He npliQHHIiJIH cepbe3Horo BpeJ{a. 3aTO cppaHQY3bI 06Hapy-
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lliliX B3pbIBbI B repMaHcKoM aBHanapKe B 8pBHJIbl1 H B repMaH-
CKOM )ICe napKe B fpaH- n pl1eJIe, B oKpeCTHOCTgX CeH- KaHTeHa,
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1915zoa
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IIpHcnoc06JIeHHe nopYtJHKa rpHropooa 6bIJIO HcnbITaHO B
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JleTOO.
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1915 lOa
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242
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1915 lOa
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246
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1915zod
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06JIaKO JJ;bIMa Ha BblCOTe 6000 cpyrOB rr03BOJISlJIO HaM Bce )Ke
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248
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1915 lOa
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HbIM rrYJIeMeTOM MaAcena H OAHI1M Kapa6MHOM.
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MeCTMTeJIb KOMaH,n:l1pa, JIeMTCHaHT CMI1pHOn; apTHJIJIepH ICKHH
ocpMuep, lllTa6c-KarrHTaH HaYMon; MexallHK, JleHTeHalIT JIan-
pOB.
3arpY3Ka: 6eH3HH - 491 Kr; MaCJIO - 98 Kr; ,n:eC Tb 16-TH
Kr 60M6; rr$ITb 11-TI1 Kr 60M6; AneI-IaAuaTb 3a)l(I1TaTeJIbHblX
60M6; Kapa6HH; 260 naTpOHOB.
Bec: 1163 Kr.
llOJICTHbIM rrJlan: BJIO,l(aBa - p. Eyr - nOCT01.IHee ,n:epeBHH
fpa60Beu - IOHHBb - EeJIb)l(eu - llle6pJKeIllMH - KpaCHO-
CTaB - XOJIM.
fIpOJ1.oJI)KHTeJIbHOCTb rrOJIeTa: 4 1.Iaca, C 4:00 JJ.O 8:00 YTpa.
ITo AaHHblM HallieM pa3nel1KI1 Heno,n:aJIeKY OT JJ.epeBIIH rOC-
THHHoe 6bIJIM paCIIOJIOJKeHbI Tpl1 BpaJKeCKHX 6aTapeM, K ccne-
py M 3ana.n.y OT IOHHBb HaXOAMJIC$I npa)KeCKMM a3pOJJ.pOM, C
HCCKOJIbKHMM rraJIaT01.IHbIMM aHrapaMH 11 3eHMTH0I1 6aTapeeti.
Ha CTanQMM JII06yx CTO$IJIH TpM npa)f(eCKHX rrOe3){a M3 50 na-
rOHOB. K cenepy OT IOIIHBb naXOJJ.HJIOCb n01.ITM 400 TOBapllbIX
BarOHOB. l{aJIee K ceBepy noe3110n 3aMe1.IeHO He 6bIJIO. B llle6-
p)KellIMHe CTO$IJI lIe60JIbillOM noe3A 1-13 60 TOBapIIblX narOHOn.
250
ABUa UJl BellUKOU BOUllbl
Bo BpeM}I peitlJ:a MbI C6POCHJIM n}lTb 60M6 Ha aapO,l{pOM B
OKpeCTHOCT}lX IOHMBb. KpOMe TOrO, MbI C6POCMJIH 4 60M6bI Ra
nOe3,l{ HenO,l{aJIeKY OT CTaHQHH BeJIbiKeQ H n}lTb 60M6 Ha CTaH-
l{HIO JIlO6yx. l{BeHa,l{l{aTb 3aJKHraTeJIbHbIX 60M6 6bIJIM c6po-
llIeHbI Ha nOJI}I K lOry OT Ille6p)f(ellIMHa.
Bo BpeM}I nOJIeTa, KOr,l{a MbI HaXO,l{HJIMCb Ha BbICOTe 3200-
3500 M., Hac aTaKOBaJIM TpH HeMeQKMX HCTpe6HTeJI}I. IIepBbIH
CaMOJIeT npOTHBHHKa, npH6JIH3MBllIHHC}I Ha 50 M CHM3Y 6bIJI
3aMeqeH Qepe3 HH)f(HHH JIIOK. B MOMeHT aTaKH "I1M-KMeB-
CKMH", nMJIOTHpyeMbIH JIeHTeHaHTOM CMHpHOBbIM, npOJIeTaJI
Ha,l{ Ille6p)f(eIlIHHOM, KOT0pbIH HaxO,l{MJIC}I B 42 KM OT JIHHMM
<ppoHTa. HeMeAJleHHO KOMaH,l{Hp Kopa6JI}I BalliKo 3aMeHHJI
CMMpHoBa Y llITypBaJIa. TeM BpeMeHeM HeMeQKMH HCTpe6H-
TeJIb, MMe}l 60JIbllIYIO CKOpOCTblO 6bICTpO 3aH}lJI n03Ml{HIO B
50-TH M BbIllIe M cnpaBa OT "I1M-KMeBcKoro" M OTKpbIJI orOHb
1-13 nYJIeMeTOB. KOMaHAa 3aH}lJIa CBOM MeCTa no 60eBOMY pac-
nHcaHHIO. JIeHTeHaHT CMMpHOB OCTaBaJIC}I p}l,nOM C KOMaH,l{M-
pOM Kopa6JI}I BallIKo, llITa6c-KanMTaH HaYMoB OTKpbfJI orOHb
M3 JIerKOrO nYJIeMeTa, a JIeMTeHaHT JIaBpoB Ha1.IaJI CTpeJI}lTb B
npoTMBHMKa M3 Kapa6HHa.
Bo BpeM}I nepBoro 3aXO,l{a BpIDKecKHM nYJIeMeTHbIM orHeM
6bIJIH np06MTbI BepxHMe TOnJIHBHbIe 6aKM, TOnJIMBHble <pMJIbT-
pbI 060MX npaBblx ,l{BH, raTeJIeH pa,n:MaTop, TOnJIHBOnpOBO,lJ.bI,
BeAYll.{He K JIeBbIM .l{BMraTeJI5IM, H OKRa B nepeAHeM M npaBOH
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TbI, JIeBbIe )];BHraTeJIM 6bIJIH BbIKJII01.IeHbI. ,,11M - KHeBcKHM"
npOAOJIJKaJI nOJIeT JIHllIb C ABYM5I OCTaBIlIHMHC}I ABHraTeJI}lMM
Ha npaBoH CTopOHe. HeMeQKHH CaMOJIeT B0306HOBMJI CBOIO
aTaKY, 3aHA}I C JIeBOH CTOpOHbI, HO H Ha aTOT paa Bpar BCTpeTHJI
COCpeltOT01.IeHHbIM 060pOHMTeJIbHbIH orOHb "I1JIbH MYPoMQa".
HeMeu. 3aTeM pe3KO OTBepHYJI BnpaBO, HbIPHYJI H nomeJI BHM3
no HanpaBJIeHMIO K 3aMOCTblO.
IIocJIe aTaKH JIeMTeHaHT CMMpHOB B351JI Ha ce6}1 ynpaBJIe-
HMe B03,l{YIlIHbIM Kopa6JIeM, H JIeMTeHaHT JIaBpoB nepeB}l3aJI
KanMTaHa BallIKO, KOTOpbIH 6bIJI paHeH B rOJIOBY M B HOry. qe-
pe3 KopOTKoe BpeM}I BaIllKO BHOBb BepHYJlC}I K ynpaBJIeHHIO, B
TO BpeM}I KaK CMHpHOB M JIaBpoB no 01.IepeJ.(H 3aKpbIBaJIH PY-
1915 zod
251
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YTetJKY TOnJIHBa. Bo BpeM nepBoM Bpa)KeCKOH aTaKH 6bIJIO
BbInYll.{eHO .l{Ba.l{uaTb n Tb naTpOHOB 1'13 O.l{HOro Mara3J1Ha H
n.HTHa.l{uaTb H3 .l{Pyroro, npeJK.lte 1.IeM nYJIeMeT 3aKJIHIIHJIO.
TI03.l{Hee 6bIJIO 06HapYJKeHO, liTO CJIOMaHa npYJKHHa B03BpaT-
Horo MexaHH3Ma.
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JIeBOH CTopOHe H OTKpbIJI orOHb H3 nYJIeMeTa. CMHpHOB OTBe-
THJI Ha STOT orOHb CTpeJIb60H H3 Kapa6HHa. K COJKaJIeIlHIO,
JIaBpoB HaXO.l{HJIC.H B Ka6HHe p.H.l{OM C <pHJIbTpOM H He Mor OT-
pearHpOBaTb. HaYMoB TmeTHO nbITaJIC nO\{HHHTb JIerKHH ny-
JIeMeT. CMHpHOB 3aTeM nepe.l{aJI Kapa6HH HaYMoBY, 3aMeHHB
JIaBpoBa Y <pHJIbTpa. JIaBpoB, nbITaHCb npe.l{OTBpaTHTb YTellKY
TOnJIHBa, cepbe3Ho 06MOp03HJI PYKH. K ClIaCTbIO, BpaJKeCKHH
HCTpe6HTeJIb He CTaJI .l{eJIaTb eme O.l{HH 3aXO.l{.
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orOHb C 60JIbllIOrO paCCTO HH.H. B TO )ICe caMoe BpeM OTKpbIJIa
orOHb HeMeI{KaH 3eHHTHCUI apTJtIJIJIepH.H. Kor.l{a HallaJIaCb 3T3
aTaKa, "HM-KHeBcKHfl" HaXO.l{HJIC.H Ha BbICOTC 1400-1500 M.
Bo BpeM.H nO.l{XO.l{a K ropo.l{Y XOJIM Ha BbICOTe 700 M Ton-
u
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3a60JIOlleHHbIH JIyr HenO.l{a.neKY OT .l{epeBHI1 rOp0.l{HIlte, KOTO-
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KO)KYX BToporo .l{BHraTeJI.H 6bIJI TaK)Ke npo6HT; nOBpe)ICJ{CHO
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252
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pOltHll!e. TI03ltHee OH 6bIJI OTBe3eH B rOCIIHTanb BCepOCCMH-
CKOrO JJ:BOp HCKOrO 06Il{eCTBa BO BJIo.n:aBe. BalliKO nOJIY1.IHJI
nYJIeBOe paHeHHe B HKPY HOrH, BbIllie KOJIeHa H B 6e,ltpo, a no
KaCaTeJIbHOH - B rOJIOBY.
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TeJIerpaMMa H3 CTaBKH NQ 373 JIeHTeHaH1}' BallIKo:
CTaBKa BepXOBHoro KOMaHltOBaHH IIpeltIIHCana HaM BbI-
pa3HTb HalliY HCKpeHHlO1O 6JIar0.l1apHOCTb BaM H BallieMY 3KH-
na)KY 3a Balli repOH1.IeCKHH nOCTYIIOK.
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pOB 6bIJIH nOBbIllieHbI H nOJIY1.IHJIH KpeCT CB. reoprH II CTene-
HH. llITa6c-KanHTaH HaYMoB H JIeHTeHaHT CMHpHOB TaK)Ke
nOJIYQHJIH Harp3JJ;bI. TeJIerpaMMa C onHcaHHeM B03,ltYllIHoro
60 , nO,ltnHCaHHa KanHTaHOM rOpllIKOBbIM, 6bIJIa IIOCJIaHa
HHKOJIaIO I I.
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«HM-2 - B ,lteHb aBHal.\HH (t!eHb HJIbH I1popoKa). 3TO B03-
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MH Ha PBA3 B PI1re.
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6 a8zycma - OnepaUH HaQanaCb aTaKOH aHrJIH1.IaH no,lt
KOMaH,ltOH renepana t!yrJIaca Ha IOJKHOM Y1.IaCTKe B HanpaBJIe-
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aTaKY nOCJIe He60JIbllIOH apTHJIJIepHHCKoH IIO,ltrOTOBKH. OHH C
60JIblliHM TPY.l10M OBJIa.zteJIH HeCKOJIbKHMH )"-IacTKaMH nepe,ltO-
BbIX TypeUKHx OKonOB, IIOCJIe CTOJIKHYJIHCb C ,ltBYM TYpeUKH-
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qaCOM II03,ltHee, 1.IeM HaqaJIH aTaKY aHrJIH1.IaHe, OKa3aBlIIHCb, Ta-
KHM 06pa30M, COBeplIIeHHO rOTOBbIMH K KOHTpaTaKe. B pe3YJIb-
TaTe HH Ol{Ha H3 CTOpOH He ,ltOCTHrJIa pellIHTeJIbHbIX ycnexoB.
7 a8zycma - raMHJIbTOH, BbICa.ztHB nO,ltKpenJIeHH.H, npHKa-
3an IIOBTOpHTb aTaKY. 3Ta aTaKa TaKJKe He YBelI1.IaJIaCb ycne-
1915 lOa
253
XOM; 'B 061l1eM, Ha 3TOM YllaCTKe B npO,ltOJI)f(eHHe n TJ1 LUIet'r
aHfJIMqaHe He MMeJIM HI1KaKOrO ycnexa, nOlIec KOJIOCCaJIbHbIe
nOTepH.
BHOBb HallaJI ,lJ,eHCTBOBaTb <pJIOT. TpMHa,ltQaTb TpaJIJIepOB
HeCJIH CTOpOjKeBYIO CJIYjK6y MeiK,lJ,Y MbICOM AJIHKH 11 MbICOM
TeKe, a O,ltHHHa,llQaTb ,ltPYfHX - MeiK,lJ,Y cenepnOM OKOHellI-IO-
CTbIO 6YXTbI CYBJIa H ceBepOBOCTOllHOM OKOHe1.IHOCTblO I1M6-
poca. B Ka)K,lJ,OM 113 3TMX ,ltBYX rpynn JIHHI1}! naTpy JIbHbIX Cy,ltOB
COCTaBJIeHa 6bIJIa 113 Cy,ltOB Ha HHTepBaJIaX MaKCI1MYM B O.l1HY
MHJIIO, OCTaJIbHble HaXO,ltHJII1Cb BHYTPM naTpy JIbHOH JII1Hl1M .l1JI
,lteMCTBH}! Ha CJIY'laH nO}!BJIeHI1 nO,ltBO,lJ,HOM JIO.l1KM, KpOMe Toro,
B 3aIltHTe 60eBbIX CY.l10B, 06CTpeJII1BaBllIl1X n06epeiKbe npHH -
JIM Y'laCTMe 20 ,lJ,pM<pTepOB no 60KaM 60eBbIx Cy,ltOB I1,ltBa CY,lJ,-
na C aspoCTaTaMI1.l!JI HenOCpe,lJ,CTBeHHoro npHKpbITH 6hIJIO
npl1BJIeQeHO 10 I1cTpe6HTeJIeM.
C BOCXO,lJ,OM COJIHua 7 aBrYCTa, C ueJIblO 3arpal(I1Tb BXO,lJ, B
6YXTY CYBJIa, 6bIJIa 6bICTpO cnYll{eHa B Mope nepBaH JII1Hl1 T}!-
jKeJIbIX CeTe:H npOTHB nO,lJ,BO,lJ,HbIX JIO,ltOK, 3TY onepaUHIO npo-
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1I0BbIX yqaCTKOB CeTI1. MepbI, npl1H}!TbIe B CYBJle, OKa3aJIl1Cb
,n:eHCTBeHHbIMI1, nOTOMY 'lTO, HeCMOTp na npHCYTCTBHe O,lJ,HO}I
HenpH TeJIbCKOH nO,lJ,Bo,n:HOM JIO,lJ,KI1 B CapOCCKOM 3aJIHne, lIB
O,lJ,HO CY,ltHO He 6bIJIO Topne,n:l1pOBaHO.
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BceM <ppoHTe, KpOMe KpaHHero JIeBOrO <pJIaHra, r,lJ,e Tll eTHO
OiKH,lJ,aJIOCb Coe,lU1HelIl1e C aHrJIHHCKI1MH KOJIOHIIaMI1, BbICa,lJ,I1B-
III 11M H C}! Y CYBJIbI.
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YBH,lteJIM t{ap,lJ,aHeJIJIbI, MaMJ];OC, Harapy H a3HaTCKI1H 6eper.
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nOJIe uapMJIa naHHKa.
Pai10H CapH- Eal-Ip 3aIltMIltaJIC}! nOCTeneHHO npH6bIBaBllIH-
MM 1.JaCT}!MH 8-H, 9-H, 4-M, 5-H H 12-H TypeUKHx ,ltl1B11311fI. Bce,
1.JTO MO)KHO 6bIJIO CT HYTb OT faJIJIl1noJII1, Aql1- Ea6a H C a311aT-
CKoro n06epeiKb , 6bIJIO JIBHHYTO CIo,n:a. Typell.KOl1 apTHJIJIepHH
254
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80U1lbl
YJ(aJIOCb nOJ()f(eqb CYXOH KYCTapHHK, nOKpbIBaIOU HH ropbI, noc-
JIe qefO Typel.{KCUI neXOTa J(BHHYJIaCb B KOHTpaTaKY. CHaqaJIa
OTOIlIJIa 29-H HHJ(YCCKasI 6pHfa.zta, KOTOpasl 3a C060H YBJIeKJIa
JIaHKaIlIHpCKHX CTpeJIKOB (13-H neXOTHasI ltHBH3HH). B H01J:b
Ha 9 aBfycTa TYpKaMH 6bIJIO nOTepHHO nJIaTO qYHYK- BaHp.
9 a8zycma - C yrpa KOHTpaTaKH TypOK B0306HOBHJIHCb.
)l(apa B 3TOT J{eHb npeB3011IJIa Bce npeJ{llIeCTBYIOll[He J(HH; qac-
TH, CTp3J(aIOII.1He OT 3HOH H HeJ{OCTaTKa BOJ{bI, CTaJIH nOJ{aBaTb-
CH HaJa.zt nOJ( nOBTOpHIOII.1HMHCH aTaKaMH apa6cKHx BOHCK TY-
pOKe MaJIO nOMaJIY aHfJIH1J:aHaMH 6bIJIH nOTepHHbI rpe6HH B03-
BbIlneHHOCTH H JIOruHHbI, HMeIOll[He TaKTHtIeCKOe 3Ha1J:eHHe Ha
CKJIOHaX CapH-BaHpa. K Beqepy aHrJIHqaHe 6bIJIH OTTeCHeHbI
K nOJ{HO)f(bIO CapH-BaHpa, nOqTH B HCXOltHOe nOJIO)KeHHe.
TOJIbKO KpaHHHH YCTaJIOCTb HacTynaIOII.1HX H apTHJIJIepHHCKHM
OfOHb aHfJIHqaH 3aJ(ep:>KaJIH ltaJIbHeHIlIee pa3BHTHe HacTynJIe-
HI1H TYpOK.
10 a8zycma - YTpOM aHfJIHqaHe CHOBa nbITaJIHCb nepeti-
TH B 06ruee HacTynJIeHHe nOCJIe 2-x qaCOBOH apTHJIJIepl1HCKOH
nOJ{rOTOBKH, HCnOJIb30BaB CBOR nOCJIeJ{HHe pe3epBbI Ha 3TOM
yqaCTKe, HO H 3Ta aTaKa 6bIJIa oT6HTa TypKaMH.
BbIC3J(Ka B CYBJle, B 3HaQHTeJIbHOH CTeneHH YBeJIH1J:MB npH-
TOK Ha faJIJIHnOJIH rypel.{KHX BOMCK, Bbl3BaJIa HanpR)KeHHOe J{BH-
iKeHHe TYpel.{KOfO cpJIOTa B MpaMopHoM Mope, Ha Kpa'NaHIlIeM
rrYTH KOHCTaHTHHOnOJIb - faJIJIHnOJIH. C l.{eJIbIO nOMernaTb
3THM rrepeB03KaM aHfJIH1J:anaMH 6bIJI HCnOJIb30BaH B03J{YllIHbIH-
TopneJ{OHOCel.{. ABHaTpaHCnopT «Ben- My-Chree 6poCHJI RKOpb
B 3aJIHBe Capoc, tIT06bI 6bITb 6JIHiKe K 06'be1CfY J{eHCTBHH. I-Ie-
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n03BOJIHBIlIYlO CaMOJIery ltepiKaTbCR B B03ltyxe He 60JIee 45 MH-
Hyr, nHJIOTHpOBaBIlIeMY caMOJIeT 3ltMOH){CY BCe:>Ke YJ{aJIOCb npH-
6JIH3HTbCR K Typel.{KOMY TpaHCIIopTY, nepeB03HBrneMY BOHcKa,
H BblnYCTHTb TOpneltY. TpaHcnopT (5 TbIC. T) 6bIJI nOTOnJIeH.
17 a8zycma - Ell[e OJ{HH aHrJIHHCKHH CaMOJIeT nOTOIIHJI
TypeQKHH TpaHcnopT C BOHcKaMH, BbInycTMB TopneJ{Y. TaKHM
06pa30M, aHfJIHqaHC B l!apJ{aHeJIJIbCKOH Onepal.{MH TaKiKe Heo-
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1915zoa
255
TeM He Menee, HeCMOTpH Ha CTOJIb ycnelliHoe npHMeneHHe
CaMOJIeTOB KaK TopneJ{OHOCl1eB, 60JIbllle OHH B aTOM KaqeCTBe
He HCnOJIb30BanMCb. ,l1eJIO B TOM, t.J:TO OTpbIB OT BOl{bI TH)KCJIO
rpY)KeHOrO I10nJlaBKOBOro CaMOJIeTa B aTOT nepl10l{ Tpe60BaJI
HCKJIIOt.J:HTeJIbHO 6JIarOnpH THbIX noroJ{HbIx YCJIOBHH H 6e30T-
Ka3HOM pa60TbI Ha nOJIHOM npel{eJIe ManOMOll!HbIX l{BHraTeJle:H.
nO-HaCTO IUeMY aTa B03MO)l(HOCTb npHMeHeHH aBHaU:HH 6y-
J{eT HCnOJIb30Bana TOJIbKO B CJIel{YIOlltyIO MHPOBYIO BOMIIY, Kor-
,Ita 6Yl{)'T C03.l(aHbI CneUHaJIbHbIC CMOJleTbI -ToprreJ{OHOCUbI.
14 aszycma - PYCCKHH JIeTqHK TKat.J:eB C6HJI B B03L{Ylll-
HOM 6010 aBcTp11HCKHM aapOnJlaH; annapaT H 06a JIeTqMKa OKa-
3aJIHCb B PYKax y PYCCKHX.
19 aszgcma - HaKaHYHe B3 TH repMaHCKHMH BO:HCKaMH
KpenOCTH HOBoreoprHeBCKaH 33-t'1 KopnycHO:H aBHaOTpSIl{, KO-
TOpbIM KOMaHJ{OBaJI BoeHHbIH aBl1aTOp IO.M. K03bMHH, BbIBC3
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ne)l(eJIH B03l{YIIIHbIe IIIapbI, XOT5I naKanYHe BOMHbI H 1CHI-IO
B03.n:YIlIHbIe IlIapb[ npeJ{nl1CbIBaJIOCb HCnOJIb30BaTb J{JHI 3BaKY-
aQ11H, KaK Hal160JIee no,n:xo.n; w:ee Cpel{CTBo.
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21 aszycma - HaqanaCb aTaKa, opraHH30BaHHaH HOBblM
KOMalIJ],HpOM IX Kopnyca JIHJICM.
TYMan MelllaJI KoppeKTHpoBaHHIO apTHJIJlepMHCKoro orH
B nepHOJ{ nOJ{rOTOBKH, TaKHM 06pa30M, aBHaUH5I BHOBb He yqa-
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nOCTpaJ{aJIH OT orH TYpeUKOH apTHJIJIepHH, 33)1(erllleH CYXOH
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6pHra.na 6bIJIa nO\lTH ueJIHKOM YHHt.J:TO)KeHa. STOT J{CHb CTOHJI
29-H J{HBH3HH 5 TbIC. \leJI., TCM He MeHee 29-SI neXOTHaH J{HBH-
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256
A8Ual{Wl BeJlUKOU 80U'Hbl
B TO BpeM.SI, KaK 0603Ha'l1I1JIaCb 06rnaH Hey,n;alla y CYBJIbI,
60H qaCTHOrO 3HaqeHMH npo,n;OJIJKaJIMCb nepe,n; fa6a- Tene M
I<pMTHeH. 3,n;eCb nOTepM TaK)I(e 6bIJII1 HaCTOJIbKO BeJIMKM, liTO
BHOBb nepeHTH B HacTynJIeHl1e 6bIJIO HeJIb3H.
TypeUKaH n06e,n;a 6bIJIa HenOJIHOH, aHrJIMlIaHe lIe 6bIJIM
c6pOllleHbI B Mope, K lIeMY CTpeMMJIHCb TypKH, HO Hey,n;alla 060-
IlIJIaCb aHrJIMlIaHaM OlleHb ,n;oporo.
PMxTro<peH: «Bce JIeTO 1915 r. H OCTaBaJICH B aCKa/.{pMJIbe,
YllacTBoBaBllleH B npopbIBe MaKKeH3eHa OT fopJIHue K BpecT-
JIHTOBCKY. 516bIJI OlleHb IOHbIM Ha6JIIo,n:aTeJIeM H npaKTI111eCKH
HH 0 lIeM He HMeJI HHKaKoro npe,n;CTaBJIeHHH.
KaK B KaBaJIepMH BoeHIiM )l(M3Hb COCTOMT M3 pa3Be,n;KM M
peKOfnOCUHpOBOK, TaK H B aBl1aUHM npHxo,n;HTCH ,n;eJIaTb TO JKe
caMoe, TOJIbKO Ha ropa3,n;o 60JIbIIlHX TeppI1TopHHX...
HeMeUKoe HacTynJIeHHe B POCCHM nOCTeneHHO BbI,n;OXJIOCb,
11 MeHH 21 aBrYCTa 1915 r. HeOJKH,n;aHHO nepe6pOCMJII1 Ha 60JIb-
lllOH BoeHHbIH aapOIIJIaH*, Ha aapo,n;poM, 6a3MpOBaBlllI1MCH noJI.
OCTeH.n.e. TaM H BCTpeTI1JI CBoero cTaporo 3HaKOMt>ro ,n;PYjKH-
me UOHMepa>.>.
24 a8zgcma - <1>paHU:Y3CKHM lllTa6 nOCbIJIaeT Ha ,n:BYX ca-
MOJIeTaX ,n;BYX lllnHOHOB; Ha cneU3a.n;aHMe JIeT T ,n;Ba C HenpM-
H3HbIO OTHOCHll[l1eCH ,n;pyr K ,n;pyry nMJIOTa Boy 11 BepTI1. 11M
CJIe,l1yeT OCTaBMTb CBOI1X naCCajKMpOB B 90 KM 3aJIHHI1eH <pPOH-
Ta, 3a Me3bepoM. Boy nepeJIeTeJI JII1HMIO <ppoHTa 6JIaronoJIYll-
liO, bepTI1 jKe 6bIJI paHeH rry JIeH B 6e,n;po, a Ha ero CaMOJIeTe
OCKOJIKaMM nepe611JIo THrl1, KpbIJIbH TaKJKe 6bIJII1 rrOBpe)l(,n;eHbI
B HeCKOJIbKMX MeCTax. Ilacca)l(Hp npe.l1JlOJKMJI BepTM BepHYTb-
CH, HO nHJIOT, Y3HaB, liTO areHT HeBpe,n;HM, OTBeTI1JI, liTO 3a,n;a-
lIMe J(OJIJKHO 6bITb BbInOJIHeHO. CaMOJIeTa Boy Y)I(e HI1l",n;C He
6bIJIO BM,n;HO, H BepTH HarrpaBHJICH npHMO K MeCTY BbICa,n:KI1,
CTapaTeJIbHO y,n;epJKHBa CaMOJIeT B B03,n;yxe. I-IecMoTpH Ha
,n;OBOJIbHO cepbe3HbIe nOBpejK,n:eHHH, <ppaHUY3CKOMY nl1JIOTY
y,n;aJIOCb ycnelliHo noca,n:MTb CaMOJIeT M ,n;a)l(e, BbIca/.{HB nacca-
· B rcpMallclHlc alHlaLfaCTH "OCTY" HJIH IICpBhlC IIpo611 hlC T}I)f(L'JI blC JlnYXMO-
TOpll hlC CaMOJICThl, IIOCTpOClillblC IICMCllKOH q)HPMo i AEG (AlIgcn1cinc
Elcktrizitacts Gcsclischaft, Bcr1in - Bcc06l1la513JICKTpHLfCCI(,UI KOMliaIlH I) --
AEG-G- I.
1915zoa
257
JKl1pa, .,BHOBb B3JIeTeTb. O,lJ.HaKO MaIlIMHa 11 JIeTlIMK 6bIJII1 YJKe
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B,lJ.Pyr OH YBHJ{eJI na 3eMJIe rOp.HIIJ.MM MopaH-COJIHbe
DOY, IIHJIOTa pHJ{OM C HH:M, a B,lJ.aJICKC - 6erYlIJ.l1x K CaMOJIeTY
HeMeUKMX COJI,lJ.aT. o Ka3aJIOCb, liTO ero TOBapMlIJ.a c6MJIM, M nac-
o Ca)l(Mp IIpl1 3TOM 6bI.n y6MT. He pa3,lJ.YMblBaR lIB ceKYI-IJ{bI, DCP-
TM rroca.n;I1JI CBOM: MCKaJIelleHHbIM: MopaH pH,lJ.OM, rrOMor pa-
HeHOMY DOY 3a6paTbCH B CBOM: caMo.neT M B3JIeTeJI B BM,lJ.Y Y:lKe
nOJ{6eralO I1X HeMueB. 3TO rrp0I13011I.nO OKOJIO cpepMbl, I1MeB-
IlIeM: CTpaHHoe Ha3BaHI1e HecMoTpH HI1 Ha tITO *. COJIJ{aTbI
OCTaHOBI1JIMCb 11 HallaJIl1 CTpe.nHTb rro HI1M M3 BI1HTOBOK, HO
DepTH BbI)I(l1MaJI 113 CBoero CaMOJIeTa rrOCJIeJUiMe B03MOJKHO-
CTM M 6JIarono.nYlIHO jtOTHHY Jl ,lJ.O CBOeM: TeppMTOpHI1.
DepTI1 no.nYlIl1.n Op,lJ.eH IlolleTHoro JIerMoHa, M o6a JICTlJM-
Ka CTaJIl1 ,lJ.O KOHua J{HeM:, KOTOpbIX MM, YBbI, OCTaJIOCb neMHoro,
Hepa3JIYtIHblMM J{PY3bHMI1. Ha C.nCJJ;YIOIl{MM: ro,lJ. BeCHOM: DepTH
rrorM6, 3aCTpe.nI1BlIIHCb, l1a6bl 1136e)l(aTb fL7IeHeIIHH, Ha CBoeM
caMo.neTe, Ha3bIBaBllIeMCH HeCMOTpH HI1 Ha lITO . BCKope rroc-
JIe 3Toro pa36MJICH Bo
27 a8zycma - ITepel1.nI1I!OM repMaHCKI1X BOMcK, HaCTyna-
IOIl{I1X Ha CeBepHoM cppoHTe rro HarrpaBJIeHHIO K PMre, COCTO-
HJICH710-TM KM rrepCJIeT 3BK M3 JII1JJ;bl B IlcKoB. 3c pa HMe-
.na Y)Ke ceMb 4MypOMl(eB : HM-1 , HM-2 , I1M-3 ,
I1M-4 , I1M-5 , I1M-6 M I1M-KHeBcKMM: o flOJIeT rrpltl-
IlIJIOCb rrpOBOl1HTb B TPY,lJ.HbIX norOJJ;HbIX YCJIOBH X, 3aCTaBJIHB-
IlIHX JIeTeTb Qepe3 TYMaH H J{O)l(l1b. nOJIbllIMHCTBO KOMaU,l1.MpOB
rro rrpMBbItIKe JIeTeJII1, He rro.nb3YHCb KOMrraCOM. TO.nbKO JIeM:-
TeHaHT f.l1. JlaBpoB, JIeTeBlIll1H lIa I1M -1 , H36eJKaJI B03,lJ.eM:-
CTBI1H n.nOXOH rrOrO,lJ.bl, rrO,lJ.HHB CBoe B03,lJ.YIlIHoe CYJJ;HO BbIllie
o6.naKoB, 3aTeM, rrpOH,lJ. Qepe3 06JIaKa, 6.narOrrOJIYllHo npI13eM-
JIHJICH B IlcKoBe.
JlaBpoB JIeTaJI C CI1KOpCKI1M B 1914 r. H3 IleTep6ypra B
!{HeB 11 rrpl106peJI 60JIbIIIOti OlIbIT B rro.neTax Halt MopeM no
KOMnacy. III Ta6c- KarrHTaH l3allIKo, ITHJIOTM pOBaBUII1H H M -
KHeBcKHH , Bblpa:IKaJI HeKOTOpbIM: CKerrTI1UM3M OTHOClITe.nbIIO
KOMrraca H, 60Jlee Toro, orraCaJlCH, liTO ero B03,lJ.YlllHblM: Kopa6JIb
· rrO- )pallllY3CI(H - 4Malgrc tout (MaJlbrp3 TY).
9 ABHaluul BeJ1HKOA BOHHbl
258
ASU6lfUR BeJlUKQU BOU1I,bI
MO))(eT nonaCTb B PYKH aeMQaM, KOTOphle B TO BpeMJI Hacryna-
JIM Ha BHJIbHO. TI03TOMY OH peWHJI JIeTeTb B llCKOB nOlt HH)JC-
HeH KpOMKOH 06JIaKOB - HHor,na Ha BblCOTe Bcero 100 M. Cy-
meCTBYIOT CBH,neTeJIbCTBa 0 TOM, '1TO Ha HeKOTopbIX nCKOBCKHX
u u
KpeCTbJlH 3TOT npoJleTaBWHH rHraHT HaBeJI HaCTOJlIltHH Y)JCac.
QTo6bI AOCTHqb nCKOBa, BaWKO nOHan06HJIocb 5 qac. 15 MHH.
.MM-S., 110n KOMaHJtoH JIeHTeHaHTa I:B. AJIexHOBMqa, npH-
3eMJIWICjI B 110MeCTbe B 20-TH KM OT I1cKOBa. .MM-2., I1O,u; KO-
MaHJtOBaHHeM Kal1HTaHa A.B. naHKpaTbeBa, 3a6JIYJtHJICjI no
Jtopore H npM3eMJIHJICB B HOBo-CBeHI1BHax.
Ka)J(JtbIH H3 3THX .MypoMl1eB. n03JtHee J(06pa.ncjI J(O nCKO-
Ba. TOJIbKO I1M-4., 110J( KOMaHJtOBaHHeM JIeHTeHaHTa M. B.
CMHpHoBa, BbIHYjKJteH 6blJI OCTaTbCB B PejKHl1e.
28 aS2ycma - PYCCKHH BoeHHbIH JIeTqHK OpJIOB C Ha6JIIO-
J{aTeJIeM fOTOBCKHM, HeCMOTpjl Ha np060MHbI B CaMOJIeTe, Bbl-
nOJIHHB pa3BeJtKY B paHoHe <I>PH,nPHXIlITa.ATa, 06HapY)KMJIM B
JIecy 3HaqMTeJIbHbIe CHJIbI repMaHl1eB, roToBble K npopbIBY PYC-
CKHX n03HI1HH. PyccKHe JIeT'lHKM TYT jKe J(OCTaBHJIH 3TH CBe-
JteHHB B XXXVII apMeHcKMH Kopnyc, KOTOpbIH pellIHTeJIbHbIM
KOHTpYJ(apoM COpBaJI 3aMbICeJI I1pOTHBHHKa.
TaIOKe B KOHl1e aBrycra repMaHCKoe KOMau.nOBaHHe. peIIIHB
npopBaTb Q>POHT B paHoHe PHrH, nepe6pacbIBaJIO clO,na Ha aBTO-
MallIHHax 60JIbwHe CHJIbI. JIeTtIHKH 20-ro PyccKoro aBHaoTpHJ(a
BCKpbIJIH 3TH nepeMeIl1eHHH. B pe3YJIbTaTe, He ycneB cKOHl1eHT-
pHpoBaTbCB, repMaHCKHe CHJIbI 6h1JIH pacceBHbI H oT6pOllIeHbI
OT PHrM. Oc06eHHO OTJIHqHJlCB npH npoBeJ{eHHH B03JtYWHOH
paaBeJtKH BoeHHblH Ha6JIIOJ(aTeJlb 8.11. Bp0)KeBCKHH.
<I>paHI1Y3cKHH BoeHHblH JIeTqHK BpoKap c6MBaeT CBoero
BToporo npOTHBHMKa.
BpoKap Ha HblOnope. BCTpeTHJI repMaHcKHH CaMOJIeT,
HanpaBJIjlBIlIHHCB Ha KOMnbeH Ha BbICOTe 3600 M, H npH6J1H-
3MJlCB K HeMY Ha 50 M. II pe)l(lJ.e qeM repMaHcKHH JIeTql1K ycneJl
ero 3aMeTHTb H QTO-JlH60 npeJ(npHHBTb, BpOKap YjKe Bblnyc-
TMJI M3 CBoero nYJIeMeTa 50 nYJlb. fepMaHcKMH CaMOJleT CTaJI
nMKMpOBaTb, BpoKap npeCJIeJ(OBaJI ero. Ha BbICOTe 100 M OJ(MH
113 repMaHCKMX JleTqHKOB Bblnan 113 CaMOJleTa, CaMOJleT 3ancp-
TeJlCH, ynaJI M 3arOpeJlCjI.
1915 lOiJ
259
31 tl8zycma - npOHCXOltSiT HOObIe nepeCTaHOOKM B PYC-
CKOM KOMaHJtooaHHH. BepxoBHbIH rJIaOHOKoMaHJtYIOII.1MH Be-
JIHKHH KHSl3b HHKOJIaH I-IHKoJIaeBHq CMeII.1eH, BepxooHbIM
rJIaBHOKOMaHJtYIOII.1HM CTaHOBHTCSI Uapb HHKOJIaH II. reHepaJI
A.neKceeo OCTaBJISIeT nOCT KOMaHJtYIOII.1ero Ceoepo-3ana.nHbIM
<ppOHTOM H CTaHOOHTCSI HaqaJIbHHKOM UlTa6a BexoBHoro rJIaB-
HOKoMaHJtYIOIItero. Ceoepo-3anaJ.(HbIH <ppOHT pa3JteJIeH Ha
CeoepHbIH BO rJIaoe C reHepaJIOM PY3CKHM M 3aHSlBlllH" ueHT-
p3JIbHOe nOJIO)KeHHe 3ana,nHbIH BO rJlaoe C reHepa.noM 3Bep-
TOM.
B KOHue JIeTa 0 repMaHHH oeCb nOJIyqeHHbIH onbIT 110"1-
HbIX 6oM6apJtHpoooK 6bIJI HCnOJIb30BaH npH COCTaOJIeHHM PY-
KOOOJtCToa JtJISI npoH3BeJteHHSI HOqHbIX nOJIeTOO..
3 HrepT: .He 6blJIO Ha.zt06HOCTH 6paTb C C060H opYiKHe, H
aTO YOeJIHqHOaJIO nOJIe3HYIO HarpY3KY 60M6aMH. B03MO)KHOCTb
XOJtHTb HH3KO yoeJIHqHOaJIa maRCbI nona.naHHSI. IIJIaHHpoBa-
HHe 6e3 UIYMa n0300JISlJIO npH6JIHiKaTbCH K ueJIH Ha caMoe
6JIH3KOe paCCTOSlHHe.. OJtHaKo, HeCMOTpH na 3TO .IIITa6oM
apMHH H reHepaJIbHbIM UITa60M 6bIJI Bblp(l)KeH TOT B3rJIHJI., qTO
"JI)ISI npOH300JtCTBa HOqHbIX nOJIeTOB HeT JI.OCTaTOqHbIX npH'"
'1MH H He06xoJtHMOCTH". MO)KeT 6bITb, 8 aTH nOHHMaHHH CJIHlll-
KOM BKpa,nbIOaJIOCb 6ecnOKOMCTBO 0 TOM, qTO npOTMBHHK no-
)KeJIaeT OTnJIaTHTb TeM iKe H nOXHTHT 3THM y UITa600 OCTaTOK
HX CHa, H TaK cKyno HM OTMepeHHoro?
CEHTH6Pb
B ceHTH6pe repMaHCKHe BOHCKa npeJtnpHHSlJIH nOCJICJI.Hee
KpynHoe HaCTYWIeHHe, HMeBIlIee QeJIblO rJIy60KHH OXBaT PYC-
CKoro npaBoro <pJIaHra. 10-.H apMMSI HacTynaJIa C ceBepa lIa
BHJIbHO, a HeMaHCKM - Ha ,l{BHHCK. PYCCKHe OTXOJI. T, OCTaB-
JISiH BHJIbHO. Ha IOiKHOM KpbIJIe <PPOHTa, B paHOHe JIYIJ.Ka, PYC-
CKHM YJtaJIOCb Jt06HTbC ycnexa; 8-H apMH.H reHepa.na BpYCH-
JIOBa CHJlbHblM KOHTpYJtapoM (14-22 CeHT5I6p.H) pa3rpOMHJIa
HacTynaoUIYIO 4-10 aBCTpM:HCKYIO apMHIo.
TOJIbKO Tenepb J{eHcTBHTeJIbHO HaqaJIl1Cb HacTynaTeJIbHbIe
l(eHcTBHSI COI03HHKOB POCCHH Ha 3anaiJuoe8poneUCKO t meam-
260
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pee TIpoBe.n:eHHaJI B Mae HacTynaTeJIbHaJI onepaUHJI <ppaHUY-
30B B ApTya OKOHqMJIaCb HMqeM. TIpe.n:npMHHTaJI aTaKa aHfJII1-
qaH TaKiKe OKOHqHJIaCb 6e3pe3Y JIbTaTHO. 7 HIOJIH Ha MeiKCOI03-
HHqeCKOM: KOHcpepeHUI1H B lIlaHTHJIbH 6bIJIO npHHHTO pellle-
HHe OKa3aTb PYCCKI1M BOM:CKaM J{eM:CTBeHHYIO nOMO b. OJ{HaKo
HacTynJIeHHe B lIlaMnaHI1 HaqaJIOCb JIHlllb 22 ceHTH6pH. 3Ta
onepaUHH, rro CJIOBaM <1>aJIbKeHXaHHa, «YiKe He MOfJIa 60JIee
npl1HeCTH nOJIb3bI PYCCKHM . OJ{HaKo 11 l.{JIH HeMeUKOM: CTOpO-
HbI aKTI1BHble .n:eM:CTBHH Ha Bocm01/,1l0e8pOneUC'KOM meampe 060-
IlIJIHCb HeJ{ellieBO.
JIIo.n:eH.n:Opcp: «<1>poHTaJIbHOe OTTeCHeHl1e PYCCKHX B [aJIH-
UHH, KaK 6bI OHO HH 6bIJIO .n:JIH HI1X qYBCTBI1TeJIbHO, He HMeJIO
pernaIOII1efO 3HaqeHHH J{JIH BOHHbI... K TOMY iKe npl1 3THX <pPOH-
TaJIbHbIX 60HX HallIl1 nOTepH HBJI JIHCb HeMaJIOBaiKHbIMI1 .
DPYCI1JIOB: «DbIJIO HCHO YiKe oceHbIO 1915 fOJ{a, qTO rep-
MaHHeH BOHHa BnepeJ{ npOl1fpaHa no ee c06cTBeHHoH BHHe.
ECJIH 6bI C HaqaJIa BOHHbI OHa Bce BpeMH J{epiKaJIaCb Ha BOCTO-
Ke B 06ll{eM 060pOHHTeJIbHO, J{O YHHqTOIKeHI1H <ppaHQY3cKOH
apMI1H, TO 3Ta 3au.aQa 6bIJIa 6bI eIO nOQTH HaBepHHKa 3aKOHqe-
Ha K OCeHI1 1915 fOJ{a, If TOfJ{a pacrrpaBa C BOCTOqHbIM npOTHB-
HI1KOM OKa3aJIaCb 6bI J{OBOJIbHO npocToH H HeI136eiKHoH...
Bo BTOpOH rrOJIOBHHe ceHT 6pH 11-H fepMaHCKaJI apMH
BMeCTe C aBHaOTpHJ{aMH N N 1, 66, 69 H 57 OTrrpaBHJIaCb Ha
Cep6c'Kuu meamp BoeHHblX J{eHcTBHH.
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pacnpOCTpaHeHa TaKTHKa BeJ{eHHH B03J{YlllHOfO 6051 rrapaMI1.
qacTo BbIJIeTaJIl1 3BeHOM, npH 3TOM TpeTb MaIIIHHa CJIYiKHJIa
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3TO YJ{aBaJIOCb, H BpaiKecKHH CaMOJIeT n0.l1HHMaJIC51 B B03J{YX,
TO Ha HefO HeOiKHJ{aHHO 06PYIIIHBaJICH KOMaHJ{l1p CO CBOHM
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1915 lod
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nOJ( KOMaH.n.oBaHMeM IlITa6c-poTMMcTpa KaaaKOBa YCTpOMJIa B
paWOHe JIYU;Ka HenpOHMu;aeMYIO 3aBecy ,lI,JIjI a3pOIlJIaHOB llpO-
THBHHKa. B TeqeHHe MeCjlQa MCTpe6MTeJIbHasI 3CKan:pMJIb51 Ka-
3aKOBa npOBeJIa 40 B03.n.YIlIHbIX 60eB, C6MB HeCKOJIbKO caMO-
JIeTOB npOTHBHMKa H nOTep5lB O.n.MH CBOH.
Bo <l>paHQI1I1 B 3TOM MeCjlQe 6bIJIa CcpOpMMpoBaHa OTt(eJIb-
HaH 3CKa,n;pHJIb51 HaBappa.
repMaHM5I nOCTaBHJIa Ha <ppOHT CBOM nepBbIe JJ:BYXMOT<?P-
HbIe CaMOJIeTbI «rOTa G-l »-, KOTopbIe OKa3aJIMCb Hey.n.allHbIMI1
M He nOlliJIM B cepMMHoe np0I13Bo.n.CTBO. '
1 ceHmR6pR - PHxTro<peH OTnpaBJI5IeTC B I1cnbITaTeJIb-
HbIM nOJIeT Ha HOBOM .n.BYXMOTOPHOM CaMOJICTe rOTa»-, KOTO-
pbIM nOHatIaJIY Bce Ha3bIBalOT npOCTO Grossflugzeuge -
60JIblIIOM CaMOJIeT.
PMxTro<peH: « B OJJ:HOM 113 nOJIeTOB MbI OKa3aJIHCb t(aJIeKO
Han: MopeM. Halli a3pOnJIaH HMeJI Tenepb JJ:Ba MOTopa, M MbI
3KcnepMMeHTMpoBMM C HOBbIM PYJIeBbIM MexaHM3MOM, KOTO-
pbIH, KaK Bce YTBep)l(.n.aJIH, MO)KeT n03BOJIMTb JIeTeTb no np -
MOW JJ:aJKe npH O.n.HOM pa60TalOlI.{eM MOTope.
11 BOT Tor.n.a-TO B.n.Pyr YBMJJ:eJI BHM3Y, HO He Ha Bo.n.e, a nOt{
BO.n.OH, cy.n.HO. 3TO 6bIJIO 3a6aBHo. Kor.n.a Mope cnOKOHHO, TO
,n;eHCTBMTeJIbHO MO)KHO Bl1J].eTb nOtITM .n.o .n.na. Konequo, He na
rJIy6MHY B JJ:Ban:QaTb n5lTb MHJIb, liO Ha HeCKOJIbKO COTeH 51p-
.n.OB* - TOqHO. 11 Moe npet(nOJIO)KeHMe 0 TOM, qTO Kopa6JIb nJIbI-
BeT He no BOJJ:e, a nOJJ: BOJJ:OM, OKa3aJIOCb HCTMHHbIM, XOTjI nOHa-
qMY MbI O'ieHb CMJIbHO B 3TOM COMHeBaJIHCb. 51 CKa3aJI 0 MoeM
OTKpbITMI1 I1.oHMepy 11 MbI cnYCTMJIHCb HM)I(e, qT06bI OKOH'ia-
TeJIbHO y.n.OCTOBepHTbC . 51, KonellHO, He BeJIMKMM 3HaTOK MOp-
CKoro ,n;eJIa, HO Bce )Ke CMelO YTBep:>Kl-{aTb, {{TO 3TO 6blJIa cy6Ma-
pMHa. Ho KaKoro rocYJJ:apcTBa? 3TOT CJIO)KHbIH Bonpoc Mor
6bITb paaperneH TOJIbKO CneU;MaJIHCTOM, JJ:a H TO He Bcert(a. Pa3-
JIHqHTb no.n. BO.n.OH QBeTa - .n.eJIO HeJIerKOe, a <pJIara Ha cy JJ:HC
He 6bIJIO. KpOMe Toro, no.n.Bo.n.Hble JIOJJ,KH Bo06lI.{e XOt(51T 6e3
on03HaBaTeJIbHbIX 3HaKOB. Y Hac 6bIJIa C c060M napa 60M6, M
OJIro JJ:YMM, 6pocaTb I1X I1JIH HeT. Hac C JIO.n.KH, KOHeqUO, IIC
B eJIM. M bI MOrJIM JIeTaTb np5lMO Ran: HeM 6e3 BC Koro .n.JI5I
· 1 HpJt panCH 3 <PYTaM MJII1 0,9144 M; 1 MI1JIH paDlia 1,852 KM.
262
....
ABUa14UJ1 BeJlU1COU BOUHbl
ce6S1 pHCKa H O)KH aTbCSI, nOKa OHa He BCnJlblBeT Ha nOBepx-
HOCTb. Tor.n.a MO)KHO 6bIJIO 6bI H ypoHHTb HaWH SlHua.
TaK MbI JIeTaJIH .n.o Tex nop, nOKa SI HeO)KH.n.aHHO He 3aMe-
THJI, qTO Bo.n.a H3 annapaTa OXJIa)K.n.eHHSI nOCTeneHHO McnapSl-
eTCSI. MHe 3TO He nOHpaBHJIOCb, H SI C006InHJI 06 3TOM Hanap-
HHKY. JIHQO Y Hero BbITjlHYJlOCb, H MbI nOCneIlIHJlH OMOH. TeM
He MeHe Mbl HaXOJJ;HJlHCb B BeHattQaTH MMJlSlX OT 6epera H Mor-
JIM 6bI 3aJIeTeTb eIne .n.aJIbIlIe. MOTOp HaqaJI pa60TaTb MeJJ;JIeH-
Hee, M SI Y)Ke npHrOTOBHJlCSI K Henpe.n.BHJJ;eHHoMY XOJIOJJ;HOMY
KynaHHIO. Ho ypa, rH -rHn ypa, MbI .n.OTjlHYJIH.n;O 6eperaJ Halll
OrpOMHblM KPyrJl060KHH, KaK Sl6J10KO, aaponJlaH .n.OTSlHYJI Ha
O.n.HOM MOTOpe H HOBOM PYJleBOM MexaHH3Me. MbI .n.ocTHrJIH
6epera H YMy.n.PHJIHCb npH3eMJIHTbCSI B raBaHH 6e3 OC06blX
u
TPy.n.HocTeH$o .
5-11 ceHmR6pR - C He06bIqaHHOH CHJIOH pa3rOpeJIHCb
B03.n.YIlIHble HancmeHHSI Ha AHrJlHIO.
6 ceH11UI6pR - HeMeQKHe QenneJlHHbI COBepIlIHJlH Hana-
.n.eHHe Ha ropo.n. JIIOHeBHJlb B 6a3apHbIH JJ;eHb. llorH6J10 41 qe-
JIOBeK H 50 qeJlOBeK 6bIJlO paHeHO.
7 ceHmR6ps - B HO'Ib QenneJlHH npOpBaJlCSI B JIOH.n;OH-
CKHH CHTH H c6pocH.JI 60M6bI. HaqancSI 60JIbIlIOH nO)Kap - 30
paHeHbIX, 18 y6HTbIx, H3 HHX llleCTepo .n;eTeH.
8 ceHmR6pR - B HOqb QenneJlHH npOH3BeJl 6oM6ap.n.HpoB-
KY XOJI60pHa H BJIYM6epH. BbIJlO pa36HTo 2 aBT06yca H no-
rH6J10 22 qeJIOBeKa..
JIOH.n.OHQbI Tpe60BaJlH C03.n;aHHSI MOIUHOH npoTHBoB03-
.n.YIlIHOH 060POHbl. IIoJlKOBHHK POJIHHCOH 6bIJI nOCJlaH B
TIapH)K, r.n;e reHepaJI TIeJlJle, HaqaJIbHHK cppaHQY3cKoro reHe-
paJIbHOrO IlITa6a, COrJlaCHJICjI nOCTaBHTb AHrJIHH 75-TH MM
aBTOMaTHqeCKHe nYlliKH Ha no.n;BH)KHbIX 6poHHpoBaHHbIx
nJIaTcpopMax. IIYIlIKH 6bIJlM .n;OCTaBJIeHbI B JIoH.n.OH B TeqeHMe
2-x CJIe.n.YIOlI.{MX .n.HeH. TYT )Ke 6blJlO 3aKa3aHO elI.{e 30 TaKHX
oPy.n;Mit HaqaJIbHHKOM TIBO JIoH.n;oHa 6blJl Ha3HaqeH repQor
MaHKJI, npanpaBHYK EKaTepHHbI BeJIHKoH. Opy.n.MSI nBO
6bIJlH paCCTaBJleHbl BOKpyr JIoH.n.oHa, qTO BeCbMa 3aTpy.n.HSI-
JIO npOHHK HOBeHHe K CTOJIHue CHaqaJIa QenneJlHHOB, a 3aTeM
· 3a JlClib JtO :-)TOrO H3 EJ'YM6cpJ.1 YCXaJI B. M:JICJlHIl.
1915 lOa
263
"
H CaMOJIeTOB. Ka)K.n.bIH paCqeT ilBO HMeJI CBoe HM . O.n.I1H
Ha3bIBa.nC 4MOJIHH , JtPyroH 4Ho)K B cep.n.ue., TpeTHH -
4CqaCTJIHBqHK 11 T. .n..
liUTBA 3A lliAMnAHb
np06JIeMa npopbIBa n0311UHOHHoro <ppOHTa Bce eme OCTa-
aaJIaCb HepemeHHOH. [OTOBjiCb K HOBOMY 60JIbIIlOMY HacTyrr-
JIeHHIO B lllaMnaHH H ApTya, <PpaHUY3CKoe KOMaH.n.OBaHHe,
u u
HCnOJIb3Yjl onbIT HacTynaTeJIbHbIX onepaUHH nepBOH nOJIOBH-
HbI 1915 r., H3.n.aJIO HHCTPYKUHH, KOTOpbIMH YCTaHaBJII1BaJIOCb,
qTO npopbIB .n.OJI)KeH OCYlI{eCTBJI TbCjI He Ha Y3KHX, a Ha mHpo-
KHX <PPOHTax, H HenpepbIBHO. B npHKa3e )l(o<p<ppa OT 14 ceH-
Tjl6pjl rOBOpHJIOCb, qTO 4HacrynJIeHHe .n.OJI)KHO 6bITb 06ll!HM...
COCTOjlTb H3 HeCKOJIbKHX 60JIbllil1X H o.n.HOBpeMeHHbIX HacTyn-
u
JIeHHH, KOTopbIe .n.OJI)KHbI npoH3Bo.l{HTbCjI Ha OqeHb II1HpOKHX
<ppoHTax... 3a.naqa Bcex qaCTeH, npHHHMalOlI{HX yqaCTHe B Ha-
crynJIeHHH, CBO.n.HTCjI He K TOMY TOJIbKO, qTo6bI OTH Tb rrepe-
.l{OBbIe HenpHjlTeJIbCKHe OKonbI, HO qT06bI 6e3 OCTaHOBKH .n.eHb
H HOqb npo6HBaTbCjI Brrepe.n., qepe3 BTOpylO H TpeTbIO JIHHHH...
J{a.nee B npHKa3e rOBOpHJIOCb 06 o.n.HOBpeMeHHOCTI1 aTaK B
llIaMnaHH H ApTya, qT06bI 4nOMemaTb llpOTHBHHKY cocpe.n.o-
u
TO'II1Tb Ha Ot(HOM nYHKTe caOH neXOTHbIe H apTHJIJIepHHCKl1e
pe3epBbI.. Ha KaBa.nepHIO B03JIaranaCb 3a.naqa HCnOJIb30BaTb
ycnex Ha .n.a.neKHX paCCTOjlHHjlX Bnepe H neXOThI. ATaKYIOll!a5I
)Ke neXOTa ,lI)IjI nOJU(ep)KaHHjI HerrpepbIBHOCTH llITypMa .n.OJI)K-
Ha 6bIJIa CTpOHTbCjI B BH.n.e rrOCJIe.n.OBaTeJIbHOrO Pjl.n.a Ha6era-
u
IOIl{HX BOJIH uerreH.
ABHaUHH nO-npe)KHeMY OTBo.n.HJIaCb BTopOCTeneHHtuI pOJIb.
22-27 ceHmR6pR - nOCJIe apTno.n.rOTOBKH, HaqaBmeHC
22 CeHTjl6p , <PpaHUY3cKHe BOHCKa 25 ceHT 6p aTaKOBaJIH rep-
MaHCKHe n03HUl111 H 3a t(Ba .n.HjI npo.n.BHHY JIHCb Ha HeCKOJIbKO
KHJIOMeTpOB, 3aH B nepBYIO JII1HHIO 060POHbI Ha yqaCTKe B 25
KM. 3aTeM apTI1JIJIepHjI <ppaHUY30B npHcTynHJIa K 06CTpeJIY
BTOpOH JIHHHH 060POHbI repMaHCKHX BOMCK. OroHb 6aTapeH
I(OppeKTHpOBaJIC C aapOIIJlaHOB npH nOMOll!H YCTaHOBJIeHlIbIX
Ha HHX 6eCnpOBOJIOqHbIX TeJIe<poHoB. MepbI, npHHHMaBIIIHe-
C rrpH rrOMep)l(Ke aTaKH, COCTOjlJIH B pa3BI1THH apTHJIJIepHH-
264
Aeuau,UR BeJlUKOU 80U1lbl
CKoro orn BlIepe,n:M lIeXOTHOM JIMHHM. IIpM aTaKYIOllU1X qaC-
T.HX naXO,n:MJIHCb apTMJIJIepMi1cKMe O$MuepbI; lIpe,n:YCMaTpHBa-
JIOCb ClIel.{l1aJIbHOe B03,n:YIlIHOe Ha6JIIOJJ:eHMe C aapOlIJIaHOB 11
a3pOCTaTOB. O,n:HaKO OCymecTBMTb lIOJIJ(ep)l(KY HacrylIJIeHI1 C
B03,n:yxa He YJJ:aJIOCb M3-3a lIJIOXOH lIorOJJ:bI.
AHrJIMqaHe HaCTYlIaJIM B ApTya. B nepBbIi1 ,n:eHb Hacryn-
JIeHM 25 ceHT 6p OHM MClIOJIb30BaJIM ra3bI H JJ:bIMOBYIO 3aBe-
cy 113 HeMTpaJIbHOrO JJ:bIMa.
DOM B lIlaMnaHM lIpO,n:OJIjf(aJII1Cb JJ:O 20 OKT 6p , B ApTya
,n:o 13 OKT 6p .
PMXTrO$eH: TIpM.HTHbIe JJ:HM B OCTeH,n:e CKOpO MI1HOBaJIM,
lIOCKOJIbKY pa3rOpeJIaCb 611TBa 3a llIaMnaHb, M MbI BbIJIeTeJII1
Ha $POHT, "lIT06bI lIOMOqb HaIlIMM Boi1cKaM CBOMMM OrpOMHbI-
MM a3pOlIJIaHaMH...
OJJ:HIDKJJ:bI JIeTeJI C OCTepoToM, Y KOToporo a3pOnJIaH 6bIJI
MHoro MeHbIlle Moero. MMJIM 3a TPM lIepe,n: <ppOHTOM MbI CTOJIK-
HYJIMCb C JJ:ByxMecTHbIM ,,<DapMaHoM". OH lI03BOJII1JI HaM npM-
6JII13I1TbC , 11 lIepBbIi1 pa3 B )l(113HI1 YBI1JJ:eJI CBoero B03.n.yrn-
1I0ro npOTI1BHI1Ka 6YKBaJIbHO JIHUOM K JII1UY. OCTepOT YMeJIO
JIeTeJI lIp MO 60K 0 60K C HMM, ,n:aBaH MHe lIpeKpaCHYIO B03-
MOjf(HOCTb CTpeJI.HTb. MOjf(eT 6bITb, lIOHaqaJIY OH Hac lIpOCTO
He 3aMeTHJI M HaqaJI CTpeJI.HTb TOJIbKO Tor,n:a, Kor,n:a Y MeH.H 3ae-
JIO BMHTOBKY. BbIlIYCTHB BeCb 3anac nYJIh (OKOJIO COTHH),.H He
lIOBepHJI CBOI1M rJIa3aM, BJJ:Pyr 06HapY)I(I1B, "liTO MOM Bpar KPY-
TO YXOJJ:MT BHM3, HeJIelIbIMH CnMpaJI MM. 51 npOBo,n:HJI ero fJIa-
3aMM H nocry"llaJI lIO IllJIeMY OCTepOTa, qT06bI npHBJIeQb Hero
BHMMaHMe. A Bpar Bce lIal{aJI M lI3,l{aJI M, HaKOHeu;, PYXHY JI B
OrpOMHYIO BOPOHKY. A3pOnJIaH BOTKHYJIC HOCOM B 3eMJIIO, a
XBOCT YKa3bIBaJI np MO B He6eca.
CYJJ:.H no KapTe, OH YlIaJI B Tpex MHJI.HX OT JIMHMI1 $poHTa -
3Ha"llMT, MbI lIOCal{HJIM ero Ha BpIDKecKoi1 TeppHTOpI1M. A jf(aJIb,
TaK 6bI o$MnHaJIbHo 3alII1Can ce6e OJJ:HY n06e,n:y. Ho KaK 6bI
TO HH 6bIJIO, .H 6bIJI rop,n: CBOMM YClIeXOM - BeJJ:b 51 ero BCe-TaKI1
lIo,n:6HJI! 11 MHe 6bIJIO Bce paBHO, nOBep.HT MHe HJIH HeT .
II06e,n:0:H, MJIM, TO"llHee, «3aC"lIHTaHHO:H n06eJJ:OM , .HBJI.H-
JIaCb 3aHBJIeHHaH lI06e,n:a , KOTOpCUI nOJlyqHJIa O$I1l.{MaJIb-
Hoe lIOJJ:TBep)K,n:eHHe. ,ZJ:JI.H no.n.TBep)l(t(eHH Tpe60BaJIOCb CBM-
1915zoa
265
....
t(eTeJlbCTBO ,n:pyrnx JIeT1lMKOB, Ha3eMHbIX Ha6JIIO,l{aTeJIeM, pa3-
Be.n:KM, JIM60 4BemeCTBeHHOe .n:OKa3aTeJIbCTBO B BM.n:e KYCKa
c6MTOrO CaMOJIeTa HJIM <poTOrpa<pHM MeCTa IIa.n:eHM5I. Bo BCeX
CTpaHaX Tpe60BaHH.H ,n:JI5I IIO,n:TBep)l(,l{eHI151 II06e.n: 6bIJIM B 06-
IUeM o.n:MHaKOBbI, XOT5I BCTpetJaJIMCb M HeKOTopble OTKJIOHe-
HI151 OT «reHepanbHoH JIMHMM (HaIIpI1Mep, COBceM He ,n:OBe-
p5lTb JIeTtJMKaM).
B TIepBoM MHpOBOM BOMHe caMYIO «pa3BeTBJIeHHYIO CMC-
TeMY ytJeTa II06e,n: pa3pa60TaJIM aHrJIMtJaHe. I1x JIeTtJMKM, B 3a-
BMCMMOCTI1 OT pe3YJIbTaTa 6051, MOrJIM 3a.HBI1Tb 0 n06e,l{e O,l{HOH
M3 HeCKOJIbKHX KaTeropHM: Destroyed ( «YHMtJTO)l(eH ), B CJIY-
tJae, eCJIM Ha6JIIO,n:aJIC5I y.n:ap CaMOJIeTa 0 3eMJlIO (Crash) MJIM
OH pa3pYllIaJIC.H B B03,n:yxe (Broken Up); Destroyed in Flames
(<<YHMtJTO)KeH B orHe»), eCJIM IIpOTMBHMK 3arOpaJIC5I; Out Of
Control ( 4IIOTep.HJI YIIpaBJIeHHe ), T.e. 4Bpo,n;e 6bI C6I1T, HO IIa-
.n:eHM5I HMKTO He BHJ.(eJI , B 3TY KaTeropMIO BKJIlOtJaJIMCb He TOJIb-
KO 6eCIIOp.H,n:OtJHO nan:alOlI.{He CaMOJIeTbI, HO M Te, tJTO OTBeCHO
IIMKMpOBaJIH Ha He60JIbllIOM BbICOTe; Drived Down ( 4YllIeJI co
CHM)KeHMeM»); Forced To Land (<<IIpMHY)I(,l{eH K IIOCa,l{Ke ).
ECJIM IIOCJIe,n:Hee CJIyqanocb Ha CBoeM TeppHTOpMI1, TO CaMOJIeT
YKa3bIBaJIC5I KaK Captured ( «3aXBatJeHbIM ). B TIaneCTI1He 3KI1-
IIIDKM ,l{UYXMeCTHbIX HCTpe6MTeJIeM «BpMCTOJIb F2B <DaMTep
Hepe.n:KO ,n:06HBaJIH 60M6aMM MJIM IIYJleMeTHbIM orHeM caMO-
JleT IIpOTI1BHMKa, cOBepllIMBllIHM BbIHY)K,n:eHHYIO II OC a,n: KY. B
3TOM CJIYtJae no6e,na 3HatJMJlaCb KaK Forced To Land & Destro-
yed, tJTO 51BJI.HJIOCb IIOJIHbIM aHaJIOrOM TepMMHa Destroyed.
O<pMQMaJIbHbIMH COKpalI.{eHM5IMM ,n;JI5I II06e,n: 6bIJlI1 (B TOM
JKe IIOp5l,n:Ke, tJTO If B IIpe,n;bI,n:y eM a63aQe): Des, Des(Fla),
OOC, DD, FTL, Capt 11 FTL(Des).113 HI1X c06cTBeHHo II06e-
.n:OM ctJMTanHCb Des, Des(Fla), OOC M Capt. «YIlle.n:IIIMe co
CHH)I(eHl1eM» B KaqeCTBe II06e.n:bI He 3aCtJMTbIBaJIMCb, a 4IIpM-
HY)K,n:eUHbIe K IIoca.nKe IIIJIM B 3atJeT TOJIbKO B cJlYtJae IIJIeHe-
HM5I HJIM IIOCJIe,n:YlOmero YHl1l1TO)KeHM5I CaMOJIeTa Ha3eMHbIMM
BOMCKaMM.
qacTo CJIyqanocb TaK, tJTO II06e.n:y o,n;ep)KMBaJIl1 B rpYIIIIe, B
TaKOM CJIYtJae 3aIIHCbIBaJIM Ka'K.n:OMY M3 YlIaCTHMKOB IIO O,n;HOM
n06e,n:e. Ho 3TOMY IIpaBMJIY CJle.n:OBaJIM He Bcer,n:a. B HeKOTO-
266
A8Ua UJl BeJlU1COU 80UHbl
pbIX CJIyqaHX n06eJI;bl 3anHCblBaJIH He BceM yqaCTHHKaM 60.H, a
u
OJI;HOMY HJIH HeCKOJIbKHM JIeTtiHKaM, BHeCllIHM MaKCHMaJIbHbIH
BKJIa.zJ;. flo,n;06HasI npaKTHKa cyw;ecTBOBaJIa He TOJIbKO B 6pH-
TaHcKoi. aBHa HH.
II06eJI;bl, OJI;ep)KaHHble 3KHna)KaMH pa3Be,n;qHKOB H 60M6ap-
JI;HpOBW;HKOB, 3anHCblBaJIHCb CJIeJI;YIOW;HM 06pa30M: JIeTqHK
nOJIyqaJI Bce n06eJI;bI, a JIeTHa6 TOJIbKO Te, qTO C6HJI caM. Ho
3TO 6blJIO HCKJIIOqHTeJIbHOH oc06eHHOCTblO KOpOJIeBCKOH aBl1a-
HH, BO Bcex OCTaJIbHbIX CTpaHax H JIeTtiHKY H CTpeJIKY 3aCqH-
TblBaJIH OJI;HH H Te )Ke n06eJI;bI.
Bo <I>paH HH HCnOJIb30BaJIaCb 60JIee CTporaH CHCTeMa yqe-
Ta n06e,l(: TaKOBbIMH CqHTaJIHCb CaMOJIeThI, ynaBllIHe Ha Tep-
pHTOpHH n06eJI;HTeJI.H, JIH60 3a JIHHHeH <PPOHTa, HO JIHllIb B TOM
CJIyqae, eCJIH HX n3J{eHHe nOJI;TBep)K,n;aJIOCb -«He3aBHCHMbIMH
CBHJI;eTeJI.HMH.. IIpHHY)KJI;eHHble K noca.n;Ke 3aCqHTbIBaJIHCb
TOJIbKO B CJIyqae nJIeHeHH (YHHqTO)ICeHH ). CaMOJIeTbI, qbe
nan:eHHe He nOJI;TBep)KJtaJIOCb, CqHTaJIHCb -«npaBJI;ono,n;06HO C6H-
ThIMH. H yqHTbIBaJIHCb OTJI;eJIbHO, XOT 06bIqHO 0 HHX ynoMH-
HaJIH TOJIbKO KaK 0 .MHO)ICeCTBe npaBJ(onoJI;06HO C6HTbIX. B
JI;OnOJIHeHHe K -«JI;OCTOBepHO C6HThIM..
cDpaH Y3cKaJI CHCTeMa 6bIJIa CaMOH pacnpOCTpaHeHHOH Ha
<ppOHTax nepBOH MHpOBOH, 6e30 BC Koro H3MeHeHH ee HC-
nOJIb30BaJIH 6eJIbrHHCKHe H PYMbIHCKHe JIeTtiHKH. B POCCHH,
I1TaJIHH H ABCTpo-BeHrpHH HCnOJIb30BaJIHCb ee CJIerKa MOJI;H-
<pH HpOBaHHble BapHaHTbI. B 3THX cTpaHax n06eJI;bI He JI;eJIH-
JIH Ha JI;OCTOBepHble H npaBJI;ono,n;06HbIe, OHH JIH60 6blJIH, JIH60
HeT. Ew;e OJI;HHM OTJIHqHeM 6hlJIO TO, qTO aBCTpHH bI BCerJI;a
3aCqHTbIBaJIH KaK n06eJI;bl .npHHy)l(JteHHbIe K nOCaJl.Ke , BHe
3aBHCHMOCTH OT Toro, Ha lIbeH CTopOHe <ppOHTa npH3eMJIHJIaCb
no,n;6HTaJI MallIHHa.
II03)Ke Bcex BcrynHJIH B BOMRY COeJI;HHeHHbIe lllTaTbI, KO-
Topble npH C03JI;aHHH CBOHX BBC nOJIb30BaJIHCb B OCHOBHOM
<ppaHQY3CKHM onbITOM, 60JIee Toro, nepBCUI aMepHKaHCKaH 60-
eBaH 3CKaJtpHJIb.H 6bIJIa nepeBe,n;CHa H3 COCTaBa <PpauUY3CKOH
apMHH. II03ToMY H B JI;eJIe no,n;TBep)l(JteHH n06eJI; OHH CJIeJI;O-
BaJIH TeM )ICe CTaH,n;apTaM.
B nOJIHOM 06'beMe Bce BbIllIeH3JIO)l(eHHbIe npaBHJIa JI;eH-
1915 lOd
267
u u
CTBOB3JlH He C CaMOfO Haqa.na B03JJ;YWH0I1 BOI1HbI, a TOJIbKO
nOCJIe BBeJJ;eHHjI COOTBeTCTBYIOIltHX CTaHJJ;apTOB, B HeKOTopbIX
CTpaHax - HenHcaHbIX. B BeJIHK06pHTaHHH 3TO npOH3011IJIO
BecHoH 1916 fo, BO <I>paHUHH H fepMaHHH - B KOHue 1915 fo,
a B OCT3JlbHbIX CTpaHax - JIeTOM 1916 f. ,l{o TOfO aHfJIHqaHe
H <l>paHUY3bI 3aCqHTbIB3JlH Bce n06eJJ;bI, BKJIlOq(UI FTL, DD H
.npaBJJ;onoJJ;06HbIe., a B fepMaHHH H POCCHH, B npOTHBono-
JIO>KHOCTb 3TOMY, He 3aCqHTbIB3JlH CaMOJIeTbI, ynaBllIHe 3a
JIHHHeH <l>poHTa, JJ;IDKe eCJIH HX naJJ;eHHe OTJIHqHO Ha6JIIOJJ;a-
JIOCb.
23 ceHmR6ps - B 3TOT ,neHb <l>paHUY3cKHH BoeHHbIH JIeT-
qHK fHHHeMep BnepBbIe OTnpaBJIjleTC.R Ha cneU3aJJ;aHHe.
fHHHeMep: .TIepBoe 3at{aHHe 6bIJIO JJ;OBOJIbHO TPYJJ;HbIM,
nOTOMY qTO nOfo,na 6bIJIa OTBpaTHTeJIbH(ljJ. TIo JJ;opOfe TYJJ;a
BeTep 6bIJI MHe nonYT'lHKOM, HO npH B03BpalI{eHHH OH 3al1ep-
)KHBaJI MeHjI, H .R 60jlJICR, qTO HHKOfJJ;a Y)Ke He JJ;06epycb JJ;O
CBOHX.
llOHa.zt06HJIOCb TPH qaca JVIjI HCnOJIHeHHjI MoeH pa60TbI....
<I>paHUY3CKOMY KOMaH)toBaHHIO l1JI.R ycnelliHofO npOBeJJ;e-
HHjI onepaUHH B llIaMnaHH He06xoJUlMbI 6bIJlH cBeJJ;eHHjI, no-
3TOMY B 3TOT l(eHb Ha Cnelt3al1aHHe OTnpaBHJICjI He O,nHH fHM-
HeMep.
B t 1 'lac. 30 MHHo BbIJIeTeJIH Ha Cnelt3a.ztaHHe: JIeHTeHaHT
KBHJIJIeH C naCCIDKHpOM KanHTaHOM 3Bpapl(OM Ha .HblOno-
pe., TaK)Ke Ha .HblOnope. KanHTaH 6YIll C naCCa)KHpOM Kan-
p3JIOM fpaHJJ;)KaH, nHJIOT llaBJlaUltH Ha .MopaHe-COJIHbe. C
naCCIDKHpOM Cep)KaHTOM TIbeppoM H nHJIOT llao Ha .MopaHe.o
113 HHX TOJlbKO nepBa.R napa CnpaBHJIaCb C 3a.ztaqeH 6JIafO-
nOJI Ho. TIaBJIaUUI'I C TIbeppOM norH6J1H npH BbICa.ztKe. 6YllI
TaK)Ke nOfH6, a fpaHJJ;)KaH CMOf CKpbITbC.R H C 60JIbWHM pHC-
KOM Jl)UI jJ(H3HH np06p3JIcjI qepe3 AHTBepneH B fOJIJIaHJJ;HIO.
Ha CaMOJIeTe TIao 6bIJI np06HT 6eH306aK, n03ToMY 0 B03Bpa-
eHHH He MOfJIO 6bITb H peqH. OJJ;HaKO nHJIOT JJ;OTjlHYJI JJ;O Me-
CTa BbICa.ztKH, JJ;a.n B03MO)KHOCTb CBoeMY naCCa)KHpy CKpbITbCjI
H 6bIJI B3j1T B nJIeH I1PH YHl1qTO)KeHHH CBoefO CaMOJIeTa. TIao
l(OJIfO CKpbIB3JI Ha ,nonpocax HCTHHHYIO lteJIb CBoefO nOJIeTa,
OTpHQ3JI H3JlHql1e naCCa)KHpa H B KOHue KOHUOB Ha CJIeJJ;YIO-
268
A UJl BellUKOU 80UHbl
Il.{HM ro.n. CMOr 6e)K3,Tb H3 IL7IeHa. nao 6bIJI Harpa eH Op.n.eHOM
nOqeTHOrO JIerHOHa.
25 ceHmR6ps - 4 HeMel.{KHX caMOJIeTa npOH3BeJIH Hana-
.n.eHHe Ha PYCCKHM MOpCKOM OTpR.n., COCTORll!HH H3 10 CY,ltOB, H
c6poIIleHHbIMH 60M6aMH npHHy.n.HJIH ero npeKpaTHTb orOHb,
OTKpbITbIM HM no 6eperOBbIM YKpeIL7IeHH.HM. 3Ta aKI.{H.H ell!e
u
pa3 RCHO npO,lteMOHCTpHpOBaJIa, qTO B .n.aHHbIH nepHO.n. BoeH-
HbIX JJ;eHCTBHH B03,l{YIIlHbIH <pJIOT HMeJI .HBHbIe npeHMYll!eCTBa
B 60eBbIX .n.eHCTBHRX npOTHB BoeHHO-MopCKoro <pJIOTa.
26 ceHmR6pR - JIeTllHKH 1-H PYCCKOH HCTpe611TeJIbHOH
3CKaJ(pHJIbH Ka3aKoBa paCCe.HJIH H 06paTHJIH B 6ercTBo 16 rep-
MaHCKHX 60M6ap,l{HpOBll!HKOB.
YcneIllHo npo.n.BHraJIHCb B POCCHH H HayqHble 113bICKaHH.H
no H3rOTOBJIeHHIO aBHa60M6.
27 ceHmR6pil - 113 OTqeTa npo<peccopa H.E. IKYKOBCKoro
BoeHHOMY Be.n.OMCTBY 06 HcnbITaHHRX 3(l)f(HraTeJIbHbIX 60M6
B HIOHe-HIOJIe 1915 ro.n.a:
I1CnbITaHHR CHaqaJIa npoH3Bo.n.HJIHCb IIPH A3'PO,ltI1HaMH-
tIecKOH JIa60paTopHH HMnepaTopCKoro TeXHHt.JeCKoro yqWIHIUa,
npHqeM HcnbITbIBaJIHCb pa3JIHtIHble CHCTeMbI 3(l)f(HraTeJIbHbIX
CHap.H.n.OB, 113 KOTOpbIX OKa3aJIHCb y,ltOBJIeTBOpHTeJIbHbIMH CTpe-
JIa, cnpoeKTHpOBaHH(ljI npanOpll!HKOM D. H. IOpbeBbIM, H an-
u
napaT C XHMlf1IeCKHM 3arraJIbHHKOM, cnpoeKTHpOBaHHbIH cry.n.eH-
TOM liMn. TexH. YtIHJIHll!. D. C. CTeqKHHbIM. 3TH .n.Ba annapaTa
c6paCbIBaJIHCb C BbICOTbI OKOJIO 15M (KpbIIIIa <p113HqeCKOrO HH-
cTHTYTa I1TY) H .n.aBaJIH 6oJIbIllOe I1JIaM.H, npHqeM CTpeJIa, HMe-
IOll!(ljI cneQHaJIbHOe npHcnoc06JIeHHe ,l{JIR pa36paCbIBaHHR ro-
plOqeH JKH,ltKOCTH, .n.aBaJIa 60JIbIIlOH pan;HYC 3aJKHraTeJIbHOrO
paHoHa. KpoMe Toro, 6bIJIH pa3pa60TaHbI 11 npHroTOBJIeHbI CTY-
.n.eHTOM I1Mn. TexH. Yq. A. A. MHKYJIHHbIM B JIa60paTopHH 06-
Pa3QbI 60JIbIllHX 3IDKHraTeJIbHbIX 60M6, Jl)I.H c6pacbIBaHH.H KO-
TOpbIX He06xo,l{HMa 6bIJIa 60JIbIll(ljl BblCOTa...
IIpH onbITax c6pacbIBaHHR C a3pOIIJIaHa OKa3aJIOCb, qTO ro-
plOtIasI JKH!(KOCTb, na.l((ljI Ha 3eMJIIO C 60JIbillOH BbICOTbI B TOHKO-
CTeHHbIX cocy.n.ax, caMa BeCbMa XOpOlliO paa6pbI3rHBaeTC.H, IIO-
3TOMY cneQHaJIbHble npHcnoc06JIeHIDI Jl)IR paa6pbI3rHBaHMR, KaK
3TO 6bIJIO B cTpe.ne D.H. IOpbeBa, HeT Han;06HocTH npHMeIDITb;
1915 lOiJ
269
BCJIetJ;CTBHe 3Toro onbITbI co CTpeJIaMH 6bIJIH npHOCTaHOBJIeIIbI,
H Bce BHHMaHHe 6bIJIO HanpaBJIeHO Ha onbITbI C 3IDKHraTeJIbHbI-
MH CHap.H.l{aMH CHCTeMbI n. C. CTeqKHHa H A. A. MHKYJIHHa.
KaK roplOqee ynoTpe6JIjlJIaCb CMeCb KepOCHHa, 6eH3HHa H
CKHnH.l{apa, npHqeM BHYTpeHHOCTb 60M6bI eme HaIIOJIH.HJIaCb
naKJIeH H JIbH.HHbIMH OqeCaMH.
3IDKHraHHe IIpOH3BO.l{HJIOCb npH nMeUHH 60M6bI Ha 3eMJIIO.
B 3anaJIbHHKe B.C. CTeqKHHa ero 3IDKHraHI1e nOJIYtIaJIOCb npH
COe.l{HHeHHH cepHOH KHCJIOTbI C BaTOH, nponHTaHHOH noporn-
KOM MapraHI(eBOKHCJIOrO KaJIH.H, 3an(ljlHH(ljI aMny JIKa C CepHO:H
KHCJIOTOH 3aBepTbIBaJIaCb B 3TY CaMYIO BaT)' H Bce BMeCTe nOMe-
I..I.1aJIOCb B IIlHPOKYIO IIp06HPKY, Ha KOTOPYIO H3J{eBaJIOCb CBHH-
I(OBOe KOJIbI(O, KOTopoe npH n3J{eHHH paa6HBaeT o6e np06HpKH.
Ha a3pOnJIaHe 3anaJIbHHK .HBJI.HeTCjI 6e30naCHbIM BCJIel{CTBHe
Toro, qTO KOJIbQO He n03BOJI.HeT eM)' HH C)KaTbCH, HH CMeCTHTb-
C ... TIpl1 c6paCbIBaHHH C a3pOIIJIaHa 3a)KHraTeJIbHbIX 60M6
n. C. CTeqKI1Ha (OKOJIO 20 IIlTYK) He 6bIJIO HH O,l{HOrO OTKa3a...
TI pH HcnbITaHMH 3a)KHraTeJIbHbIX annapaTOB 6bIJIa C.l{CJIa-
Ha He60JIbIIla.H napTH.H H3 20 60M6 CHCTeMbI MHKYJIMHa M 150
60M6 HCTeMI>I CTelfKHHa H nOCJIaHa t(JI.H npo6bI B I1BaHfopol{
K IIOJIKOBHI1KY BefeHepy...
I1CKaJIH B POCCHM H Y JIyqIIleHH.H B03.l{YXOIIJIaBaTeJIbHbIX
B03MO)KHOCTeM.
B CeHT.H6pe OT.l{eJI M306peTeHHH Il.eHTpaJIbHOfO BoeHHO-
npOMbIIIlJIeHHOrO KOMHTeTa, paCCMOTpeB npeMO)KeHHbIH K. 3.
lI.HOJIKOBCKHM npoeKT, BbIHec CJIe.l{YlOmee 3aKJIlOqeHMe: n po-
eKT... .HBJI.HeTC.H... He naCTOJIbKO pa3pa6oTaHHbIM, qTo6bI MO)K-
HO 6bIJIO TOTqaC )Ke npHCT)'nMTb K nOCTpOHKe a3pOCTaTa TaKofI
CMCTeMbI .l{JI.H BoeHHbIX I(eJIeH . TaKHM 06pa30M, 3a BpeM.H BOH-
HbI HI1 O.l{HH 113 CTpOHBIIlHXC.H B POCCMH H 3a rpaHMQeH ynpaB-
JI.HeMbIX a3pOCTaTOB He 6bIJI npHH.HT Ha BoopY)KeIIMe.
B POCCMH nOCJIe JIeTa 3TOfO rOl{a npaKTM"IeCKM He OCTaJIOCb
60ecnoc06HbIX .l{HpM)I(a6JIeH. HOBbIe ,l{HpH)Ka6JIM He CTpOI1-
JIHCb. KynJIeHHbIe B AHrJIHI1 qeTbIpe BoeHHbIX .l{Hpl1)J(a6JI.H TMna
qepHoMop 06'beMOM 4500 M 3 H3-3a OTCYTCTBH.H ,lI,OCTaTOtIHO-
fO KOJIl1tIeCTBa XHMMqeCKHX cpe.l{CTB npaKTMtIeCKM He HCnOJIb-
30BaJIHCb.
270
A8ua BeJlU1COU 80UHbl
B AHrJIHH, HatfHHCUI C <peBpaJUI 3TOrO rOJ(a 6blJIO nOCTpOe-
HO 200 J(HpHJKa6J1eH. 3J(ecb npoBOJ(HJIHCb ycnellIHble onblTbI
no npHMeHeHHIO J(HpM)l{a6JIeH BO B3aHMoJ(eHcTBHH C MOpCKHM
<pJIOTOM J(JIH 60pb6bl C nOJ(BOJ(HbIMH JIOJ(KaMH npoTHBHHKa.
,l!HpHJKa6JIH KOHBOHpoBaJlH cYJ(a H HecJIH 6eperoBYIO oxpaHY.
06JI3J{CUI 60JIbllIHM P3J(HYCOM J(eucTBHH OHH OKa3bIBaJlH <pJIO-
TY cepbe3Hbie YCJIyrH.
Ha raJIJIHnOJlHHCKOM nOJIyocTpOBe B TetleHHe Beem eeHTH6-
pSi npoJ(OJIJKaJIaCb ynopHCUI 60pb6a, Tpe60BaBIlICUI 60JIblliHX
JKepTB. XOTSI 3J(ecb He 6blJlO H3MetleHO HH OJ(Hom KpynHOro WIa-
Ha}1eHCTBHH; B pe3YJIbTaTe He60JIbIlIHX 60eB aHrJlWlane npoJ(BH-
HYJlHCb K KOHQy eeHTH6pH BnepeJ( Ha HeCKOJIbKO COT MeTpoB Y
ra6a- Tene H npOTHB AHa<papTbI, a <ppaHltY3bl OKOHtlaTeJIbHO 331(-
penHJIHCb Ha JIHHHH KepeBe3-J(epe. K KOHUY ceHTSl6pSl H CO.1IJ(a-
Tbl H HatfaJIbHHKH tlYBCTBOBaJlH, \frO cnoc06HOCTb TYPOK K conpo-
THWIeHHIO )'MeHbllIHJlaCb; 6blJIO HCHO, tlTO 60H Ha TpeX <ppoHTax
r3JIJlHnOJIH HCTOlI{HJIH HX apTK1L1IepHHCKHe napKH, H ,lteHCTBH-
TeJIbHO, KaK Tenepb H3BecTHO, no TYpeUKHM J(OHeceHHHM Toro
BpeMeHH, OHM HcnblTblBaJlH OCTpYIO flY'KJ{Y B 6oenpHnacax.
IIonyrHo CJIeJ(yeT OTMeTHTb, tfTO, KOfJ(a nOCJIe HeYJ(atlH nOJ(
CYBJIOH aHrJIO-<ppaHUY3CKoe KOMaHJ(OBaHHe oc06eHHO 3aHH-
TepecoBaJlOCb CaJlOHHKaMH, repMaHHeH B 3reHCKoe MOpe 6blJIO
nOCJIaHO 13 nOJ(BOJ(HbIX JIOJ(OK, KOTopble B nepBble TPH HeJ(eJIH
ceHTH6pSl nOTOnHJIH B03JIe KpHTa nSlTb, a C 28 ceHTH6pSl no 11
OKTSl6pSl - BOCeMH3J{uaTb napOXOJ(OB. IIoTepSi 3TH X cy.nOB, Be3-
IlIHX 60eBoe cHapsDKeHHe, CHJIbHO YXYJ(IlIHJIa nOJIO)KeHHe CO-
103HHKOB B faJIJIHnOJIH.
Bocmo1t1loeaponeuc1CUU meamp
B Mae-ceHTH6pe 6blJIH npOBe,lteHbl onepaUHH: fOPJIHl.{K3SI,
OTXOlI. PYCCKHX B IIOJIbllIe H CBeHl.{HHCKCUI onepaQHH. B 3TOT
nepHoJ( pyccKHe OCTaBHJIH raJIHl.{HIO H B YCJIOBHHX tlpe3Bbltlati-
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PYJKeHH.H B nOJIbllIe.
K OKT.H6pIO BOIOIOlI{He CTOpOHbI Ha BceM BoCmOttHOeeponeu-
u u u
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. 1915 zoo
271
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OKTJl5Pb
K Haqany OKTB6pJl Ha BOCm01lHOe8pOneUCKOM meampe
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B 1300 KM. fepMaHcKHH cTpaTerHqecKHH nJlaH - paarpoM H
BblBeJ{eHHe H3 BOHHbI PoeCHH, He 6bIJI HMH BblnOJIHeH. .Pyc-
CKHe BbIpBaJlHCb H3 K.nemeH H J{06HJlHCb EPPOHT3JlbHOrO OTXO-
J{a B )KeJIaTeJlbHOM NUl HHX HaIIpaBJIeHHH. (fHH,ZteH6ypr).
B 3TOM MeC1lQe ,ZtJUI IIOMep)l(KH Cep6HH COI03HHKaMH 6b1J1
c03l(aH Ca.nOHHKCKHH <!>POHT.
1 OIC7IUI6pR - PHxTro<peH: 4l(pY:>KHme UOHMep pa3Jt06b1Jl
ce6e MOHOIIJlaH ,,<I>oKKep", H MHe CHOBa IIpHlliJIOCb IIJIbITb OJt-
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paJIaCb Bce CHJlbHee. <I>paHQY3bl CT3JlH OIIepe:>KaTb Hac, H Mbl
6bIJIH BbIHY:>KJ{eHbl C03,ltaTb HCTpe6HTeJIbHYIO 3CKaztpHJlbIO. 1
OKTjl6pjf 1915 r. MbI BbIeXaJIH ,ZtJI$I ee C03,ZtaHHSI .
L{aJIee PHxTro<}>eH paCCKa3blBaeT 0 CBoeH nepBoH BCTpeqe
C JlyqIlIHM Ha TOT MOMeHT repMaHCKHM BoeHHbIM JleT\lHKOM
BeJlbKe: .CHJUI B BarOHe-peCTopaHe, 3a coce,ZtHHM CTOJIHKOM SI
u
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THKa. 11 He 6bIJlO 6b1 CMhlCJIa 0 HeM ynoMHHaTb, eCJIH 6bI He TOT
<!>aKT, qTO OH TOr,lta 6bIJI e,ZtHHCTBeHHbIM JIeTtlHKOM, C6HBIlIHM
He OJtHH, a QeJIblX qeTbIpe Bpa)KeCKHX a3poIIJlaHa. I1Mjf ero yno-
MHHaJIOCb BO Bcex ,ZtOHeCeHH$lX. 11 SI HMen Ha Hero 60JIbIlIHe
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11 nOTOMY MHe y)KaCHO XOTeJIOCb Y3HaTb, KaK JleHTeHaHT
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272
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<peH. 50pb6a 3a l1epBeHCTBO ell.{e TOJIbKO pa3rOpaeTCH, 11 OHa
BCH Brrepe,n:l1. 11 B 6JII1)KaHlliee BpeMR BrrepeJ( BbIpBeTC cppaH-
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rrellIHYIO BbICaJ{KY llirrl10Ha B fJIy6oKOM fepMaHCKOM TbIJIY. *
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rrOKJI JIC He I1CrrOJIH Tb 60JIbllie TaKI1X rrOJIeTOB...
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KaIOCb Crrl1paJIbIO. ,l!Ba rrOJI rro,n:o MHOH: O,ZtHO - BeJII1KOJIerr-
Hoe, HaCTO ll.{ee 3eJIeHOe 6l1JIJIl1ap.n;Hoe CYKHO, - KaK 6y.n;TO
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pe3aHHoe 60p03.n;aMH... 51 He KOJIe6JIjlCb BbI6HpalO nepBoe 11
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y.n;ep)KaTbC OT pa3MbIlliJIeHI1 : ,,3Ta nOQBa, 3eJIeHeIOll.{a M
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CMOrJIa OCBOMTb MX rrpOM3BOt{CTBO B t{OCTaTOqHOM KOJIHqeCTBe.
22 iJeKa6pR - KOMMCCM rro M3yqeHMIO B03t{YlliHOH apTHJI-
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KanMTaHa I1BaHoBa. Ho pycCKI1e Q>pOHTOBbIe JIeTqMKM rro-
npe:>KHeMY npet{rrOqMTaJIM nOJIb30BaTbC5I npHl.{eJIbHblMM npM-
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co CTOpOHbI AHrJIHM.
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MeHeHMe rrOt{Bot{Horo 0PY:>KM BJI5IeTC , 6e3YCJIOBHO, Hco6xo-
t{MMbIM. L(aJIbHeHIIIee OTKJI3,l(bIBaHMe HeorpaHHqeHHOH: rrOJ1Bot{-
HOM BOH:HbI J(aCT AHr JIMM BpeM5I ,l{JI5I npHH TH Ba:>KHeHillMX
Mep rrOJIMTMtIeCKOM M SKOHOMMtJeCKOH: 060POHbI, rrOBbICMT HallIl1
nOTepM B 6yt{yrneM H rrOCTaBMT rrot{ Borrpoc ycrrex B 6JIM)KaH-
wee BpeM o qeM CKopee MbI npMMeHMM nOt{Bot{Hoe opY:>KMe, TeM
paHbllle Mbl J(OCTHrHeM ycnexa, TeM 6bIcTpee M peIIII1TeJIbHee
MbI YHWtJTO:>KMM Ha.l(e)Kt{y AHrJII1H rro60pOTb Hac rrocpet{CTBOM
BOHHbI Ha MCTOrneHMe. fIOMMMO AHrJIHM MbI CJIOMaeM xpe6eT
BCeH: KOaJIMI.1MM HaIIIHX BparoB .
HTorH KAMnAHHH 1915 ro a
BocmOtt1tOe8pOneUC'KUU meamp
fepMaHMM BHOBb He yt{aJIOCb BbIBeCTM M3 BOHHbI POCCMIO,
11, HeCMOTp51 na CTOJIb 51BHble ycrrexM H BbITeCHeHMe pyCCKMX
1915 lOa
285
BOHCK H3 faJIHQI1M, OHa <paKTMlleCKM nOTep5lJIa B KaMnaH1111
QeJIbIM rOl1, B KOTOpbIH ee npOTMBHI1KI1, Ha060pOT, CMOrJIM na-
KOIIMTb xopoml1e TeXHI1t.{eCKHe 11 MaTepMaJIbHbIe pecypCbI.
HeMaJIOBaJKHOe 3HalleHI1e B coxpaHeHMM PYCCKMMM apMMM
M <ppOHTa cbIrpaJIa PYCCKaH aBMaQM5I. Hap5l Y C B03AYillHOM pa3-
Be KOM, n03BOJII1BllIeH HeO HOKpaTHO 1136e:>KaTb <pJIaHrOBbIX
06X0l10B 11 pa3rpOMa OT eJIbHbIX COeJ1MHeHI1H, PYCCKaH aBMaQI151
B KaMnaHMM 1915 r. s<p<peKTI1BHO BbIll0JIHRJIa 11 p5lJ1 pyrMx 3a-
JJ;a1.J. OHa npMKpbIBaJIa CBOM BOHCKa 11 BaJKHble 06'beKTbI OT aBCT-
po-repMaHCKoro B03J1YlIlHoro <pJIOTa. OCHOBHblM cnoc060 1 60-
eBbIX J1eHCTBMH B B03 yxe 51BJI5IJIOCb 6appIDKMpoBaHMe. TI POH3-
BO HJIHCb lIlTypMOBbIe eHCTBM5I. Oc06eHHo 3<p eKTMBHo
pa60TaJIa 60M6apJ1l1pOBOllHaH SCKa.n:pa B03 YlIlHbIX Kopa6JIeM
I1JIb51 MYPOMCl{». OHa CMCTeMaTl1lleCKI1 COBepllIana HaJIeTbI Ha
:>KeJIe3H0J10pO:>KHble Y3JIbI 11 CTaHI HI1, 6a3bI, CKJIaJ{bl 11 aspo po-
MbI npOTMBHMKa. HanpMMep, Ha )KeJIe3H0J10pO:>KHOH CTaHQl111 Ta-
YSpKaJIbH 6bIJIa nOJIHOCTblO YHl1llTO:>KeHa npO OBOJIbCTBeHHaH
6a3a repManCKI1X BOHCK, a Ha CTaHQl111 MI1TaBa - CKJIa,z{bI ropro-
t.{ero, a TaK:>Ke pa3pymeHo nOJIOTHO :>KeJIe3HOH J10porM. TIepBaH
SCKal1pa I1M COCTaBMJIa cep Qe PYCCKHX 60M6ap MpOBOllHbIX
CHJI B TIepBYIO MMPOBYIO BOHHY. 3a 10 MeC}lueB SToro ro a «My-
POMQbI cOBepllIHJIH 100 60eBbix BbIJIeTOB.
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HOCTI1 9993 CaMOJIeTOBbIJIeTa.
3anaaUoe8poneUCKuumeamp
AHrJIMt.{aHe H <PpaHUY3bI npe npMH5IJII1 HacTynaTeJIbHbIe
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(30.03-6.04) 11 B ApTya (9.05-16.06 11 25.09-13.10), a rep-
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ycnexa npHMeHeHMeM MOll1HOH (OT 40 JJ;O 70 OpyltMH Ha 1 KM
<ppoHTa) M J1JIMTeJIbHOH (OT 3 o 6 J1HeH) apTMJIJIepl-I11CKOM nOJ1-
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286
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UHH <ppaHUY3bI HMeJIH 200 CaMOJIeTOB, HO npaKTHqeCKH He HC-
nOJIb30BaJIH HX. 060poHa npOTHBHHKa He BCKpbIB3JIaCb. B pe-
3YJIbTaTe, HacTynJIeHHe <ppaHUY3CKHX BOMCK 3aXJIe6HYJIOCb,
HanopOBmHCb Ha BTOpylO JlHHHIO 060POHbl, 0 KOTOpOM OHM
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u u u
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B nOJ(BOJ(HOM BOHHe repMaHHH He YJ(aJIOCb J(OCTHrHyTb CBO-
eM «eJIH, B TO BpeMR KaK npH OCYIIteCTBJIeHHH nOJ(BO.ll.HOM6JIO-
K3J1bI HeMUbI nOTepRJIH B 1915 r. 19 nOJ(BOJ(HbIX JIOJ(OK.
B l{ap.ll.aHeJIJIbCKOM onepaQHH npHMeHeHHe aBI1a1.1HI1 BO-
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pbIH YCTaHaBJIHB3JI CBR3b C <pJIOTOM np" nOMOll{11 6a3HcHbIX
CHrHaJIbHblX H pacnOJIOjl(eHHbIX Ha <pJIaHraX ceMa<popHbIX UJIH
<pJIa)f(KOBbIX CTaHU"M. 3TH CTaHIJ.HH neperOBapHBaJIHCb TOJIb-
KO C TeMH CYJ(aMI1, KOTopble H33Haq3JIHCb J(JIH 06CTpeJIa J(aH-
u
Horo paHona.
Boo6I.Ue B ,l{ap,n:aHeJIJIbCKOM onepaUHI1 aBl1al{HH ynoTpe6-
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peKTl1pOBaHH apTHJIJIepHHCKoH CTpeJIb6bI <pJIOTa, npMtJeM, KaK
B nepBOM, TaK H BO BTOpOM CJIyqae B KpaHHe orpaHHtJeHHOM
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1915 lOd
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npoTMBHHKa 6bIJlO BeCbMa a<l>4>eKTHBHbIM, HO HCnOJIb30BaJIOCb
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u u
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qTO KacaeTCB B03.nYWHOH BOHHbI Bo06 e, TO 311eCb Heo6-
XO,nHMO CKa3aTb cJle,nYIO ee.
CooTHollIeHHe CHJI B B03J1yxe H3MeHliJlOCb, npe)K,ne Bcero,
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nepBbIH CneUHaJIbHbIH CaMOJIeT C repMaHcKoH CTOpOHbI, o6JIa-
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TOpOM, OH JIeTaJI co CKOpoCTblO 130 KM/qaC H no,nllHMaJIC.SI Ha
BbICOTY 3000 M. TeM He MeHee CHa1.JaJIa STOT CaMOJIeT nOCTaB-
JI.SIJICB HCKJIIO'II1TeJIbHO ,nJI.SI B03,nYUIHOH paaBe,nKH. 3TO He tl.OJI-
)KHO Ka3aTbC.SI cTpaHHbIM, nOToMY 1.JTO J(JI.SI Henocpe,ncTBeHHbIx
60eBbIx ,neHcTBHH pa3Be,nKa BBJI.SIeTCJI ropa3,no 60JIee BajKHOH
<PYHKQHeH aBHaUHH, qeM HCTpe6JIeHHe CaMOJIeTOB npOTI1BHH-
Ka. HCTpe6JIeHHe )Ke CaMOJIeTOB npoTHBHHKa, no CyrH, .SIBJI.SI-
eTC.SI 33,ltatIeH BTopOCTeneHHoH, npH3BaHHOH o6eCnetII1Tb CBO-
60,nHYIO pa6oT)' pa3Be,n1.JHKoB. IloHa'lany Ka3aJIOCb, 1.JTO xopo-
WO BooPY)KeHHhIH: Ii MaHeBpeHHbIH CaMOJIeT CMO)KeT caM ce6.SI
3aIUHTHTb "PH ocy eCTBJIeHHH pa3Be,nbIBaTeJIbHbIX 3a,natI.
O,nHaKO BCKOpe BbIBCHHJIOCb, tITO He06xo,nHMoCTb oT6HBaTbcR
OT B03,nYWHoro npOTHBHHKa CBO,nHT nOtITH Ha HeT co6cTBeHHo
pa3Be.lU{eBTeJIbHOCTb nHJIOTOB. IlpOH3011IJIO TO, tIero H 60BJIHCb
pYCCKHe BoeHHbIe B Hat{aJIe B08HbI; YBJIe1.JenHe 6opb60H B B03-
v u
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60Te aBHaQHH.
B pe3Y JIbTaTe KajKJ(hIH IlOJIeBOH aBHaOTpB,n B fepMaHHH 6bIJI
nOHa'laJIY cHa6JKeH Otl.HHM CaMOJIeTOM CneUl1aJIbHO npetl.Ha3-
HaqeHHbIM TOJIbKO Jl)IB QeJIeH 60pb6bl C B03,nYlIIHbIM npOTHB-
HHKOM. 11 Ha HCXOL{e SToro rO.l(a repMaHCKHe B03,nYIlIHbIe CHJIbI
3aBOeBaJIH B03t1.YIIIHoe npeBOCXOtl.CTBO. Ha CTopOHe AHTaHTbl
BCKOpe Ha1.JaJIHCb pa3rOBopbl 0 Fokkergeissel (cpOKKep-6H"lJe),
npen.HTCTBOBaBllIeM ,naJIbHeH pa3Betl.Ke <ppaHl.tY3CKHX H 6pHTaH-
CKHX CHJI. QTo6bI CJIOl\1HTb repMaHCKoe npeBOCXOLl.CTBO B 803-
288
A8ua UR BeJlUKOU 80U1-lbl
J1yxe, B 6pl1TaHCKI1X 11 <ppaUl.{Y3CKl1X B03J1YIIIHbIX CI1JIaX, CTaJIl1
nOHeMHory C03J1aBaTb 3all.{I1THhIe 60eBbIe <pOpMl1pOBaHM5I.
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KOe paCnpOCTpaHeHl1e, 4TO OKa3aJIOCb He06xoJ1I1MbIM nO.l{4I1HI1Tb
I1X OC060MY aBl1al.{110HHOMY KOMaHJ10BaHI1IO, KOTOpOe, B CBOIO
04epeJ1h, 6hIJIO nOJ1lJ:I1HeHO HalJ:aJIbHI1KY reHepaJIbHOrO IllTa6a.
I1epBhIM KOMaH'z!YIOIl.{I1M B03'z!YIllHbIMI1 60eBhlMH CI1JIaMl1 6hIJI
renepaJI cpOH renHep. HCnhITaHHblH HalJ:aJIbHl1K lllTa6a apMl1l1 11
CTpOeBI1K, OH no Mepe CBOI1X CI1JI co,Z!eMCTBOBaJI pa3Bl1TI1IO 3Toro
0PYJKI151 6Y.l{yllJ,ero. HalJ:aJlbHHKOM ero IIITa6a 6hIJI nOJIKOBHI1K
TOMceH, J10 Toro CaMOCT05lTeJIbHO PYKOBO,Z!I1BIIII1M: B03J1YIIIHhIM
<pJIOTOM. HeCMOTp51 Ha YCI1JII151 reHepaJIbHOrO IIITa6a MhI BCTY-
nl1JII1 B BOHHY HeJ10CTaT04HO no,Z!rOTOBJIeHHbIMl1 K 60pb6e B B03-
J1.yxe. OrpOMHOH TBOplJ:eCKOH 3Heprl111 nOJIKOBHI1Ka TOMceHa 11
J1eHCTBOBaBIlIero B ThIJIY nOJ1IIOJIKOBHI1Ka 311repTa rCpMaHI151 11
repMaHCKaH apMI1 06 3aHbI ycneIlIHhIM pa3Bl1TI1eM BO BpeM»
BOHHbl B03,Z!YIlIHoro cpJIOTa. Tenepb rJIaBHOe 3HalJ:eHl1e npe,Z!CTaB-
JI5IJIOCb YBeJII1lJ:eHI1IO lJ:I1CJIa JIeTtII1KOB-I1CTpe6MTeJIeH H cHa6JKe-
HMIO HX XOpOIlII1MM 60eBbIMI1 annapaTaMI1. lIpM 3TOM 'z!Pyrl1e
BMJ(bI BOeHHOH: aBHaUMH TaIOKe He 6bIJIH n03a6bITbl. MHoro BHI1-
MaHI1 y,Z!eJI JIOCb M 60M6ap,Z!MpOB04HOH aBMaUliM.
,l1l1pHJKa6J1b 6blJI I1CKJIIOlJ:eH M3 lJ:l1CJIa 60eBbIx cpe,Z!cTB ap-
Ml1l1. OH npe,Z!cTaBJI JI C060H CJII1IlIKOM y,l(06HYIO Ml1IlleHb. Mop-
CKoe Be,Z!OMCTBO erue COXpaHl1JIO ero. OpYJKHe .lUl CTpeJIb6bI C
a3pOnJIaHOB 6bIJlO ycoBepIlleHcTBoBaHo 11 YBeJIMlJ:eHO B tIl1CJIe.
TaKJKe 6b1JIa IlIHpOKO OpraHI130BaHa npoTMB0a3pOIIJIaHHa51
060pOHa CPPoHTa..
qTO KacaeTCR IIOJIytlHBIJIeH oco6eHHoe 3HatIeHlie B 3TOM roJ{Y
60M6ap,Z!l1poBOlJ:HOH aBl1aUHl1, TO, HecMOTp Ha KIDKYllJ,I1HCH 3<1>-
cpeKT TaKI1X Hana.u.eHHH, OHa Bee JKe MMeJIa He60JIbIIIOe BJIM H"e.
B cOBoKynHocTM Ka)f(.l1oe H3 3TMX Hana,u,eHI1H, 6JIaroJ{ap ellJ,e
OTHOCHTeJIbHOMY HeCOBeprneHCTBY CaMOJIeTOB, He onpaB,Z!aJlO
B03JIOJKeHHbiX Ha HI1X Ha,u,eJK.l1. rOpaa.l10 60JIbIllerO 3Ha4eHl1
J1.0CTl1rJII1 OHl1, B03,Z!eHCTBY» Ha HenOCpe.l{CTBeHHbIM ThlJI <pPOH-
Ta. Ha aHrJII1MCKOH CTopOHe K KOHUY 1915 r. n06e,Z!I1JIo npeMO-
IKeHl1e 6pl1ran:Horo reHepaJIa ryro TpeH\lapJ1.a, npeWIOJKHBlIIero
Cl-ICTeMaTMt.ICCI<YIO 60M60BYIO BOHHY npOTI1B onepaTHBHbIX JHI-
1915zoa
289
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HaJIa:>KI1BaTb COOTBeTCTBY1omee MaTepMaJIbHOe o6eCneQeHne.
C HeMeUKoH CTOpOllbI BAO 11 OTJJ:eJIeHMe rOJIy6I1HOH no-
4TbI B Meue B KOHue 1915 r. 6bIJII1 paccpopMl1pOBaHbI; 113 HHX
C03JJ:aJIH 6 BoeHHblX 3CKaltp OI-IL (KarOJIb). Ol{HaKO OHM no-
rrpe)KHeMY Bce eI.l{e npeJJ:Ha3HaqaJIHCb JJ:JI5I MHOrOueJIenoro npn-
MeHeHH5I, a He TOJIbKO JJ:JI5I 60M6apJJ:I1pOBOqHOH JJ:e.HTeJIbIIOCTI1,
H CQI1TaJIMCb 3JII1THbIMI1 nOJJ:pa3JJ:eJIeHH5IMW, aKKYMYJIHpOBan-
llIMMM JIYQlIII1e B03).1YlllHbIe CI1JIbI.
B KOHue rOJJ:a 6bIJIa c03JJ:alIa rrepnaH HCTpc6MTeJIbHa51 3C-
Ka.l1pMJIbH BO rJIaBe C JIYQllII1M repMaHCKI1M JIeT4WKOM BeJIKe.
TaKHM 06pa30M, K Ha4aJIY CJIeJJ:YloIUero rOJJ:a aBI1aUH5I na4aJIa
rOTOBI1TbC5I Bcepbe3 K nepeKJIIOQeHMIO C 3eMHbIX ueJIei1 Ha B03-
JI.YlllHble.
DOJIbllII1e nOTepM cpeJJ:I1 J1eTHOrO COCTaBa 3aCTanJI5IJIM PY-
KOBOJ CTBO BOlOlOIUltX JJ:epIKaB Bce 60JIee paCIIll1p5lTb lIoJ roToB-
KY M 06Y4eHl1e HOBbIX noeHHbIX JIeTQHKOB.
faTlJ:I1HCKaH I1 CenaCTOnOJIbCKaH lllKOJIbI 6bIJII1 paClllI1pC-
RbI. 06 I1HTeHCI1BHOCTI1 Ytle6IIbIX nOJIeTOB rOBopUT TOT cpaKT,
tlTO n CeBaCTOnOJIbCKOHlllKOJIe JICTqHKOB C 1 I-IIOJI}I 1914 r. 110
3 cpeBpaJI}I 1915 r. KypcaHTbI HaJIeTaJII1 1436 tlaCOB. OJI.IIaKO
BblnYCK JIeT4MKOB B POCCI1I1 XOT$I I1 yneJII1QI1BaJIC5I H3 MeC.Hua
B MeCHU, Bce eme OCTaBaJIC$I He).10CTaTOQHbIM. B 51Hnape 1915 r.
6bIJIO nOJJ:rOTOnJIeRO 3 BoeHHblX JIeTtJI1Ka, B Mac - 32, B oceH-
He-3I1MHl1e MeC UbI B Cpe.zU-ICM BbInYCKaJIOCb no 12-15 4eJIO-
BeK. K KOHUY rOJJ:a Bce IlIKOJIbI BblnYCTI1JIH 190 BoeHHbIX JIeT-
QI1KOB, B TOM QHCJIe o6YtleHO 6bIJIO 45 ocpI1uepOB, nepeYQCHO -
35. KpoMe Toro, 6bIJI nOJJ:rOTOBJIeH 81 OXOTHI1K *.
B pa3Be).1Ke B03HWKJIM HonbIe TPY.l1HOCTH.
B OTBeT Ha a3pocpoTOC'beMKY pa3BI1JIaCb HonaH OTpaCJIb
BoeHHoro JJ:eJIa - MaCKltpOBKa. BoeHHble 06'beKTbI CTaJIM Mac-
KI1pOBaTbC5I TIUaTeJIbHee, YCTpaMBaJII1Cb JIOIKHhle apTI1JIJIepI1i1-
CKI1e n03HUHI1, XOJJ:bI coo6meluH'1, ueJIbIe JIO)KHbIe YKperrJIefI-
HbIC pai10HbI H ropolta.
lie OXOTI1J11<aMH B PYCCKOi1 apMHIl lIa3hlBaJIII rpcDKJlallCIOIX JICTLfUI<OB. l.JTO-
61.1 OIHI BhJIIOJIII}fJHI 60CBYIO pa60TY 60JIcce a(I)(t)CI<T IBII() &IX TaK:>I<e CTaJll1
IIOChlJlaTh B JICTII hlC BOCIIII hlC III1<OJI hI.
10 ABHaUHH BeJ1HKOH BOHHbI
290
A8uau,Wl BellUKOU 80Ullbl
3TO, B CBOIO OQepe,l1h, nOTpe6oBaJIO nO.n;rOTOBKM npocpec-
CMOlIaJIbHbIX ,l1eIIIMcppOBll{M:KOB cpOTOCHMMKOB. DhIJIa C03,naHa
BOeHHa51 a3pOcpOTOrpaMMeTpMQeCKa51 cJIYJK6a, CTaBIIIa51
neOT'heMJIeMOM 1.IaCThlO B03.n;YIIIHOM pa3BeJ{KM.
06bJ1-IHO CHMMaTh HaqMHaJIM C rrepBOH JIMHM:M: OKOrrOB 11
J{aJIee B TbIJI Ha rJIy6MHY 5-10 KM. C'beMKM: BeJIM:Cb C BbICOThI
1200-1500 M, a MHorJ{a M C BhICOThI 2500 M M3-3a M:HTeHCM:BHO-
ro 06CTpeJIa C 3eMJIM. <1>OTOCHM:MKM: 3TM:X JIeT, c.n;eJIaHHhIe rrpM:
rrOMOll{M: arrnapaTa llorre OTJIMQaIOTC5I qeTKOCTblO, n03BOJHIIO-
meH pa3JIHqaTb )],OCTaT01.IHO MeJIKMe J{eTaJIM 060POHbI.
3a Ka)KJ{bIM aBMaOTp5l.n;OM 3aKpeIIJI5IJIC5I onpCLteJIeHHbIH
yqaCTOK cppoHTa J{JI npOBeJ{eHH aBl1apa3BeJ{KM 11 KOppeKTI1-
pOBKl'I OrH5I apTlfJIJIepM:M:. II pMqeM, KaiKJ{bIH aBMaOTp5lJ.( nOJ1-
CTpaXOBbIBaJIC51 coceJU-IHMI1 nO,l{pa3l-1eJICH H MM:.
COrJIaCIIO CBI1,l{eTeJIbCTBY 3HrcpTa, B 3TOM ro,l{y npM: nOJl-
rOTOBKe JIeTHerO KOHTpnacTynJIeHH5I CM:JIaMM: aBM:aqaCTeH 12-ti
repl\faHCKOH apMHI1 6bIJIa npOM:3Be,l{ena nO,l{p06Ha5I a3pocpoTOC'b-
eMKa HOBOreOprl1eBCKa, BapllIaBbI, Pocxana M: OCTpOJICHKa, na
OCIIOBaHHH KOTOpbIX 6bIJIM COCTaBJIeHbI Tot.JHble TOIIorpacpH4ec-
KHe nJIaHbI. TaK)Ke lIlTypM npe,l{MOCTHbIX YKpenJIeHHH 11 BaHfO-
pOJ.(a 51-M npYCCKHM neXOTHbIM nOJIKOM 6bIJI COBepmen no fIJIa-
HY, COCTaBJIeHHOMY na OCHOBaHl'1l1 TaKHX <poTOC'beMoK.
!(aBaJIepl151 OKOH4aTeJIbHO nOTCp JIa 3HaqeHM:e KaK HaJtI60-
JIee Ha,l{e)l(HOe H Mo6HJIbHOe pa3BeLtcpeJ{CTBO. DOJlee Toro, ec
MCnOJIb30BaHMe B YCJIOBM:51X cOBpeMeHHoH n03M:l\M:OHHOH BOW-
HbI npaKTI1lleCKM: Bo06Il!e rrOTep}lJIO BC5IKOe 3Ha4eHHe; M:3-3a
3HaqMTeJIbHOrO YBeJIHqeHI151 nYJIeMeTOB (npaKTHt.JecKH B,l{Boe
no OTHOIlIeHHlO K npeJ.(bI,l{yrueMY ro,l{Y) OHa neceT orpOMIIble
nOTepM: 11 Bce 60JIblIIe nepeXO,l{I1T Ha Be,l{eHM:e 60eBbIX J!eMCTBHH
B nellieM CTpOIO.
II TO KaCaeTC5I KoppeKTMpOBaHM5I apTM:JIJlepM:MCKOH CTpeJIb-
6bI, TO K KOHUY 3Toro rOJ{a, B ,l{06aBOK KO BceM rrpOqMM CBOHM
orpaHMlJeHM:HM, 3MeH:KOBbIe a3pOCTaTbI CTaJIM: COBceM Y)K JICr-
I(OM J{o6bI4eH M:cTpe6HTeJIeH. 31'0 BbIHY,l{HJIO PYCCKoe KOMan-
J{OBaHHe Bee lJaute npl16eraTh J{JI5I 3TOM I{eJIM: K rroMoIUH aBHa-
UHH. llepe,l{aqa pe3Y JIbTaTOB na6JIIOLteHHM 3a CTpeJIb60H apTHJI-
JIepl1M: npOH3nO)J.HJIaCb C nOMOll.{bIO YCJIOBHbIX Cl1rHaJIOB;
1915 lOa
291
CaMOJIeT BbIrrOJIH JI pa3JIHtIHbIe MaHeBpl1pOBaHH : rrOKatIHBa-
HHe KpbIJIb MH, Ka6pHpOBaHHe, rrHKHpOBaHHe 11 np.
JIHllIb B KOHu;e 3TOrO rOJ{a PYCCKOe KOMaHJ{OBaHHe rrpHH -
JIO pemeHHe CcpOpMHpOBaTb Ha cPpoHTax 34 rrpHeMHble PaJ1HO-
CTaHQHH. B OTp J{bI CTaJIH rrocTyrraTb rrpHeMHble pa):{HOCTaH-
I.1HH H a3pOrrJIaHHble rrepeJ{aTtIHKH Ha aKKYMYJI TOpax. JIeTlIH-
KH CTaJIH H3YtIaTb a36YKY Mop3e. ArrrrapaTbI 3aKynaJIHCb BO
<I>paHU;HH. BOJIbllIOH rrorry JI pHOCTbIO y PYCCKHX JIeTlIHKOB
nOJIb30BaTIaCb <ppaHU;Y3cKa5I paU;HH <pHpMbI SFR *.
K KOHI y 1915 r., 6JIaroJ{ap YBeJIHtIeHHIO rpY30nOl{'beMHO-
CTH a3pOrrJIaHOB, rrOHBJICHHIO BCTpOtIeTOB CHCTeMbI )KypaBlJeH-
KO 11 l{pyrHx rrpH6opoB, 6oM6apJ{HpOBOtIHaH .n:e TeJIbHOCTb
OKOntIaTeJlbHO CJIOJKHJIaCb B caMOCTO TeJJbHYIO ,lleHTeJIbHOCTb
pa60TbI aBHaTopOB.
Pa3BHBaTIaCb 60M6apl{HpOBOtIHillI ,lleHTeJIbHOCTb H R MOp-
CKOH aBMaU;I1H. PyccKlIe JIeTtIHKH j.{eMlIeHKo H MaptIeHKO B KOH-
u;e 3Toro rOl{a BrrepBbIe B HCTOpHH PYCCKOH rI1l{pOaBHal.{I1H ocy-
meCTBHJII1 rrOnal{aHHC 16-TI1 Kr 60M6bI B repMaHCKHI1 BoeHlIbIH
Kpei1cep re6eH B Y:epHOM Mope.
rIO BMJIHCb B PYCCKoi1 apMHH Ha qcpnoM Mope H rrepBbIC
aBHaHOCU;bI - Kopa6JIH I1MrrepaTOp HHKOJlai1 I H «I1Mnepa-
TOp AJIeKCaH,llp I . rHJ{poa3pOnJIaH Ca):{I1JIC Ha BOJ{Y H nO,llIII1-
MaTICH na 60pT npH nOMOll.{H CneU;l1aTIbHOI1 «CTpeJlbI .
1915 r. rrpOlIleJI nOl{ 3HaKOM HapaIl!HBaHHH y.n:apHOI1 MOI.UH
aBHaU;HH. 'lIacTble 6oM6apJ{HpoBKH pa3JIHtIHbIX paI10HOB H
061>eKTOB HatIaTIH OTKpbIBaTb BoeHHbIM rJIa3a Ha B03MOJKHOCTb
HCrrOJIb30BaHH aBHaUlIH B ,lleJIe rrpopblBa YKperrJIeH HbIX no-
3HIJ;Hi1 npOTHBHHKa. IlepBbIMH ycnelIlHo ocy ecTBHJII1 TaKoe
I1CnOJIb30BaHHe aBHal.{HH pYCCKHe BoeHHble npH B3 THH ITepe-
MbIlIlJI . STOT orrbIT 6bICTpO rrepeH JIa repMaHH .
B 3TOM ro,lly 3apOl{I1JIHCb H llITypMOBble JJ:erICTBI1 aBHal.{HI1.
· 11 BCC :-)'1'0 IIt'CMOTpfl lIa TO, lfTO paJU'IO 6b1J10 H i(>6pCTCIiO [J PaeCH U ClllC B
1905 r. An 1911 r. II0JIK01311HI<:OM COKOJlhCK IM 6blJI u:io6pCTCIl 11 HCllhlTall pa-
JlHollcpcJla'fl{HKJlJl}I CaMOJICTa. HaLfaJlbllllKI1 aBHaOTp JlOB rOBOpUJIU: «EJlI aJIU
{.'CTb B IIHX lIa.l106110CTb, KpOMC 1'01'0, OTlll-tMalOT allcprUIO II OCJIO)KII}lIOT KOIICT-
PYKllHIO.. OJlIlal(O n aTOM)KC 1915 r. PYCCIOIM YllCllblM M.A. DOlIlJ-EPYCBI1 l JCM
6hlJla u:UX>pcTclia IJblCOKoBaKYYMlla}l JIaMlla, O:UlaMCIlOBaBIII pcBOJIIOIHIIO B
Pa.zlHOCD :iH. fiCpBblii JlaMIiOBblii P3.JlHOIlPHCMIUIK 1I0 BIfJIC}I B 1917 r.
292
A8uau,UR BellUKOU 80U1tbl
1916 ro
4JIeTYH oTny eH H8 cBo6o y *
COrJIaCHO TOJIKOBOMY CJIOBapIO l{aJUI, JIeTYHOM B HapOl{e
HMeHYIOT 3JIOrO l{yxa , orHeHHoro 3Me , HCt.lHCTYlO CHJIY .
HMeHHO TaKoe OTHOllIeHHe 3aIIeQaTJIeHO B CTHXOTBopeHHH,
KOTopoe 3aKaHt.lHBaeTC CJIel{YlornHMH CTpOKaMH, IIO-CBoeMY
06'b CH IOIIlHMH rH6eJIb IIHJIOTa:
«HJIb OTpaBHJI TBOH M03r HeCt.laCTHbIH
rp .n:Yll{HX BoffA Y)KaCHbIH BH.n::
HOt.lHOM JIeTYH, BO MrJIe HeHaCTHOH
3eMJIe HeCYIUHi1l{:HHaMI1T?
3TO npC)!OIUyrneHHe Hey.n:HBHTeJIbHO. B 1910-1911 rr. B
ra3eTax nO BHJII1Cb C006Il{enI1 0 TOM, t.lTO 3a pa3BHTHeM aBHa-
lJ.HH Ha6JII0l{aIOT pa3JII1t.1HbIe BoeHHbIe BC,nOMCTBa, 3aKynaIOIUue
HOBeHIlIHe JIeTaTeJIbHble annapaTbI H naTeHTbI Ha HX H3rOTOB-
JIeHHC.
B 1910 r. BbIIliJIa CTaTb l{. 3eJIeHHHa PyccKa Hapo.n:Ha5I
CKa3Ka 06 aapOnJIaHe», B KOTOpOM paCCKa3bIBaJIOCb, t.lTO CMep.n:
HHKHTa, 60 pcKoro CbIHa JIynaToBa XOJIon , JIeTaJI Ha .n:epe-
B HHblX KpbIJIb X B AJIeKcan.lJ.poBcKOH cJI060l{e H 3a CI1e .n:PY-
)KeCTBO C Het.lHCTOIO CHJIOIO 6bIJI no npHKa3Y fp03Horo Ka3-
Hen. 'lIeJIOBeK He nTHu.a, - rJIaCHJI npHrOBOp, - KpbIJIbeB He
I1MaTb... Au{e:>Ke npHcTaBHT ce6e aKlI KpbIJIb l{epeB HHbI, npo-
TUllY eCTCCTBa TBOpI1T. To He 60JKbe l{eJIo, a OT Het.lHCTOll CHJIbI».
ITo.lJ.06HOe OTHOllIeHlIe CBOMCTBeHHO He TOJIbKO PYCCKMM.
B KHHre aHrJII1MCKOrO ,HCTopHKa T. KapJIeMJI (1795-1881)
cDpaHI..tY3cKa peBOJIIOI..tH .l1cTOpH » TaK:>KC rOBopHTC 0 TOM,
t.lTO TeXHHt.leCKHe l{OCTH:>KeHHH H, B qaCTHOCTH, nOJICTbI Ha B03-
.lJ.YllIl-IOM llIape, BJI IOTC pKI1M npHMepOM 6e3l{YXOBHOCTH
06weCTBa, CTpeM Il!CrOC .n:OCTHt.lb He6a C nOMOIUblO TeXHH-
t.leCKlIX cpeJ!CTB.
* 3THMH CJIOBaMH lIa4HllaeTC CTHXOTBOpCIB1C A.A. DJIOKa «ARHaTop., IIa-
6pocall 110C (3 1910 r. BO BpC HI 311aMCII HTOH aBl1al(HOII Jloii IICJ!CJII1 B fICTCp-
6yprc H 3aKOll4CIliiOC II03JlIICC. B PYKOIIHCH UMCCTC}lIIOCB lIlC"HC B.C!>. CMII-
TY, pa:i6J.tBlIICMYC lIa rJIa:iax Y DJIOKa 14 MaH 1911 r.
1916 lOa
293
B KaMnaHMH 1915 r. repMaHMI1 He Y,llaJIOCh OCYIUeCTBHTb
CBOH CTpaTerHt.leCKI1:H nJIaH H BbIBeCTI1 H3 BOHHbI POCCHIO. 06e
CTOpOHbI rrOHeCJIH 60JIbllIHe JIIO,llCKHe H MaTepHaJIbHbIe nOTC-
pH 11 B 1916 r. aKTHBHaH pOJIb rrepellIJIa K cppaUI.{Y3aM H aHrJIH-
qaHaM. lI.eHTp T DKeCTH BHOBb rrepeMeCTI1JIC Ha 3anaall0e8-
poneucKuu meamp BOt'U-IbI.
Ha rrepBbIH B3r JI ,ll CJIO:>KHBllIaHC K 3TOMY ro,llY 06cTaHoB-
Ka, Ka3aJIOCb, 6JIarOrrpH TCTBOBaJIa repMaHHH H ee COl03HHKaM.
Bce cppOHTbI I.{eHTpaJIbHhIX ,llep:>KaB CTO JIH rrpoqno. PyccKaR
apMHH 6bIJIa orreCHeHa )1aJIeKO OT n03HQI1H, KOTOpl>Ie 3aHHMa-
JIaB 1914 r. ABcTpo-BeIIrpl1 , e,llBa H pa3rpOMJIellIICUI K 1915 r.,
Terrepb ynpOt.lMJIacb. Cep6H 6bIJIa pa36HTa, YCHJIHBaJIa n03H-
l.{HI1 BT.HHYTa5I B BOHHY DOJIrapH5I. O,llnaKO Ha Cal\10M .n.eJIC no-
JIOIKeHHe npOTHBHI1KOB AHTaHTbI 6hIJIO T :>KeJlhIM.
COI03HHKH fepMaHHH nY:>K)1aJIHCb B rrOCTO HHOH MaTepH-
aJIbHOH 11 BoeHHoH nOMOmH, B TO BpeM.H KaK B caMOH repMa-
HHH OIUYIUaJIC Kpa iHHH ne,llOCTaTOK 11 CMJI, :H Cpe,llCTB. rep-
MaHCKoe HaCeJIeHHe cHa6:>KaJIOCb rro CTporOH KapTOqHOH CHC-
TeMe H CH,lleJIO Ha rOJIO,lJ;HOM naHKe. Bce CHJIbHee CKa3bIBaJIHCb
nOCJIe,llCTBI1H TOTaJIhHOH MOpCKOH 6JIOKa.n.bI.
B CBH3H C 3THM JII060rrbITHa 3aMeTKa, fIoMemeHHaH B :>KYP-
HaJIe «BOKPyr CBeTa» N2 23 OT 2S (12) HIOH 1916 r. «HeMUbI
"IIepeyqI1BaIOTC " eCTb : «II pOnOBe,llb, C KOTOpOH BbIcTynaeT
ra3eTa Koelnische Volkzeitung: f-Iac He B03bMYT rOJIO,lJ;OM! I-Ia-
1lII1X 3arraCOB XBaTHT ,ll0 HOBOH JKaTBbl! B HallIHX TpaHllIeHX
COJI,llaTbI ,llaJKe C HHqTOIKHbIMI1 3anacaMH XJIe6a He 6Y,llYT I1C-
nbITbIBaTb rOJIO)1a... Ka:>K,llbIH COJI.n:aT 6y.n:eT 3.n:opOBee, y,llOBJleT-
BopeHHee H Tpy.n.ocnoc06nee! Cpe.n:CTBO ,llJI 3Toro npOCTO, He
CTOHT ,lleHer, TpYJ1a, JIHllleHHH... Ho 6JIarOpO,llHeHllIet'r BbIrO,llOH
.HBHTC rop,lloe C03HaHHe: 11 R nOMoralO MoeMY OTe4eCTBY no-
6e.n:I1Tb I
CrraCI1TeJIbHOe Cpe,llCTBO Ha3bIBaeTC cpJIeTqepOBaHHeM
H COCTOHT B KpaHHe Me,llJleHHOM nepe:>KeBbIBaHHI1 nl1IIJ.11 11
0611JIbHOM CMa4HBaHHH ee CJIIOIIOtL COrJIaCHO TeOpl1H aMepH-
KaHCKoro yt.leHoro rOpaQH <DJIeTt.lepa, TaKaH 06pa60TKa 3Ha-
qHTeJIbHO nOBbIIuaeT nHTaTeJIbHOCTb nHml1...
«<1>JIeTllepOBallHe He Tp 6yeT HHKaKoH 60pb6bI C C060H.
294
A 8uau,UR BeJlUKOU 80U1/,bl
HY)KlIa TOJIbKO .n:06paSl BOJI H )KeJIaHHe npo.n:ep)KaTbc ... MbI
.n:OJI)KHbI nepeytIHTbCH B e.n:e. Ka)K.n:bIM .n:OJI)KeH tIYBcTBoBaTb
ce6 06 3aHHbIM cpJIe'PIepOBaTb pa3 B TPH .n:H ... pa.n:H caMoro
ce6 , Pa.IJ.H CBoeM ceMbH, panH CBoero OTetIeCTBa! COJI.n:aT B nOJIe,
ocpHuep H KOMaH.n:YIOIUHM apMHeM, .n:eTH H B3pOCJIble, MY)KtIH-
HbI M )KeHIUHHbI, 60faTble H 6e.n:Hble, - nYCTb... BCHKMM nOKa-
JKeT "Ha e.n:e", tITO rOTOB cnoc06CTBOBaTb n06e.n:e repMaHMM I
repMaHCKoe KOMaH.n:OBaHHe HCKaJIO BceB03MO)KHble nYTH
npopbIBa 6JIOKa.n:bI. B KaqeCTBe O.n:HOfO H3 HaH60JIee pa.ztMKaJIb-
HbIX cpeJJ;CTB npe.n:JIaraJIOCb y.n:apHTb no AHrJIHH 6eCnOIUa.IJ.HOM
no.n:BO.llHOM BOMHOM. n pe.n:JIO:>KeHHe ABCTPO- BeHrpHI1 0 HaHe-
CeHI1H y.n:apa no I1TaJIHI1 He 6bIJIO npHH TO; 3TO rrpHHeCJIO 6bI
Bblro.n:y COI03HHKY, lIO He nOJIb3Y 06IUeMY Xo.n:y BoeHHbIX .n:eM-
CTBHH. I1cKJIlOqaJIaCb KaK 06'beKT HacTynJIeHI1H H POCCH . Te-
nepb repMaHCKHM nJIaH npe.n:YCMaTpHBaJI CTpaTerHtIeCKYIO 060-
POHY npOTHB POCCHH H HaHeceHHe rJIaBHOrO y.n:apa no <DpaH-
lU111 C ueJIblO BbIBeCTH ee H3 BOMHbI. TaKMM 06pa30M, 06'beKTOM
repMaHCKoro HacTynJIeHMH On5ITb OKa3bIBaJIaCb npe-JKJJ;e Bcero
<DpaHUH . MeCTOM peIlIMTeJIbHOrO HacTynJIeHHH 6bIJI 1136paH
BepJJ;eH. Bep.n:eHcKHH YKpenJIeHHbIH paHoH 06eCnetIHBaJI BCIO
CI1CTeMY 060POHbi Ha npaBOM KpbIJIe cppaHUY3cKoro cppoHTa.
YcneIlIHbIM y.n:ap no BepJJ:encKoMY BbIcTyny OTKpbIBaJI repMan-
CKHM apMH M nYTb K TIapH)KY.
TIJIaH AHTaHTbI Ha KaMnaHHIO 1916 f. npeJJ;nOJlara.n COfJIa-
COBaHHoe HacTynJleHHe. AHrJIHtIaHe H cppaHUY3bI .n:OJI:>KHbI
6bIJIH nepeMTH B HacTynJIeHl1e 1 HIOJI Ha p. COMMe. POCCI1H
TalOKe IlJIaHHpOBa.na HatIaTb MOIUHoe HacTynJIeHHe Ha BceM PYC-
CKo-repManCKOM cppoHTe15 HIOHH.
fepMaHcKoe KOMaH.n:OBaHMe nJIaHHpOBaJIO npOBeCTI1 Ha-
cTynJIeHl1e B paMoHe BepJJ;eHa, ynpe.n:HB cppaHUY30B. fepMaH-
CKHH lllTa6 naMepeBaJIC CHaqaJIa npH rrOMOll{M apTI1JIJIepl1M
nepeMOJIOTb pe3epBbI cppaHHY30B, HaKOnJIeHHbIe B 1915 f., a
3aTeM nepeHTH K lllMpOKI1M HacTynaTeJIbHbIM .n:eMcTBH5IM no
Bce 1Y cppOHTY. repMaHcKHe BoeHHbIe, CTpeMHBllIl1eC B 1916 r.
B351Tb B CBOH PYKH HHHUHaTHBY Ha 3anaa1/,Oe8pOneucKo,jt me-
ampe, fIJIalIHpOBaJIH 6JIaro.n:ap Hana.n:eHMIO Ha Bcp.n:en BbIHY-
lJ.HTb cppaHUY3cKoe BblCIlIee KOMaH.n:OBaHHe 3a,l{eMCTBOBaTb noc-
1916 lOa
295
JleJtHHe' CMJIbI, QT06bI STHM MCTOIUMTb <DpaHlJ.HIO M n06Y.lU1Tb
ee K KanMTYJI UMM. KpenOCTb BepJteH JtOJDKHa 6bIJIa 6bITb B3 -
Ta, HeCMOTp Ha C06CTBeHHbIe OrpaHM\IeHHble CHJIbI, B «YCKO-
peHHOM nOp JtKe». If 3JteCb HeO)KHJtaHHOCTM HanaJ1eI-IM np -
,naBaJIOCb 60JIbliiOe 3HaQCHMe.
OCBe.n;OMJIeHHOe 0 nJIaHaX AHTaHTbI, repManCKOe KOMaH-
.n;OBaHMe nJIaHMpOBaJIO nOBeCTM CBOe HacTynJIeHMe B cpeBpaJIC
MeC l.{e.
TaKMM 06pa30M, B 1916 r. nJIaHMpOBaJII1Cb TPI1 KpynIlbIx
BoeHHbIX onepaUMM; .n;Be na (/Jpa1lUJj3cKO.M ljJpOll1ne - y Bcp.n;e-
Ha J1 Ha COMMe, M oJtHa Ha PYCCKOAt.
q TO KaCaeTC aBMaI.U111 , TO STOT ro.n; MO)l(I-IO OTMeTI1Tb KaK
HaqaJIO BToporo nepHOJta B03.n:YIllHOM BOMHbl.
TIepBbIM nepHO.n; B03.n;YllIHOH BOHIIbI B IIepBoH MMpOBOH
(aBrycT 1914 - cpeBpaJIb 1916) xapaKTepM30BaJIC HeJ10CTaTOt.I-
HOM rOTOBHOCTbIO Bcex Jtep)KaB K opraHM3al!MM I-IOBOrO BM.n;a
BoopY)KeHM5I H npMIIl.{MnaM Be.n;eHH5I B03.n;YlIlIIOH BOHHbl. Oc-
HOBHOM napa.z:toKc 3aKJIIO\IaJIC B TOM, t.ITO, CTpeM5ICb BeCTH nOJJ:-
BMJKHYIO BOHHY, caMOMY CKOpOCTHOMY TeXIIMt.ICCKOMY cpe.n;CTBY
npe.n;nMCbIBaJIOCb 3aHMMaTbC5I npCJK.n;e Bcero Ha6JIIo.n;eHl1el\f 3a
XO.n;OM 60eBbIX .n;eHCTBMH - pa3Be.n;KOH, KOTopa K TOMY JKe
HOCHJIa MMnpOBH3MpOBaHHbIH xapaKTep. TIoCJIe HeCKOJIbKHX
nepBbIX MeC l.{eB, He ycneB TOJIKOM nOH Tb Bce .n;eMCTBHTeJlb-
u u
Hble B03MOJKHOCTM npMMeHeHM5I aBMaUMM B ManeBpeHHOM BOH-
He, CTOpOHbI nepelIlJIM K .n;JIHTeJIbHOM n03l1UHOHIIOH BOHne, C
HaQaJIpM KOTOpOH np06JIeMbI opraHH3aUMH B03.n;YIIIHbIX CMJI
npHo6peJIM ell(e 66JIblIlYIO BaJKHOCTb. 11 TYT, B TOM, qTO KacaCT-
C TaKTMKH npI1MCneHH5I M nepBbIX npMHI!MnOB nOCTpOefIH}{
B03.n;YIIlHbIX CMJI, AHrJIH H <I>paHl.{H5I OKa3aJIHCb BnCpe,lIJI. fep-
MaHMR )Ke onepe.n;MJIa Bcex B Mo6MJIM3aUMM M peryJIHpOBaHMI1
CBOHX BoeHHo-HayqHblx nOTeHUMaJIOB. O.n;HaKO BJIH HHC BBC
Ha Xo,n; BoeHIIbIX .n;ei1cTBMH Ha 3CMJIe 6bIJIO Bce ell.{e 01.IeHb orpa-
HI1QeHHbIM.
n03Hl(HOHHaSi BORHa B B03,ZJ;yxe
B xo,n;e ,l.(BYX nepBbIx JIeT BOHHbI BoeHHO- B03.n;YllIHble CMJIbI
BOIOIOI.QMX ,l!ep)Kan 6bICTpO pa3BHBaJIHCb. 3aMeTI-IO B03pOCJIa HX
296
A8Ual{UR BeJlUKOU 80U1lbl
"IHCJIeHHOCTb. repMaHH5I HMeJIa B paCrrOp5l)KeHHH B HaqaJIe
1916 r. 60JIee 1200 CaMOJIeTOB Ha 3arran;HOM cppoHTe, <DpaHUH5I
-Ii AHrJIH5I 60JIee 2000. TeXHH"IeCKHe .l{aHHbIe CaMOJIeTOB 6bIJIH
Y JIY"IIIIeHbI; Tenepb Bce MaIlIHHbI .l{OCTHraJIM BbICOTbI 3000 M 11
pa3BHBaJIH CKOpOCTb OT 150 .l{0 160 KM/qac. IIo'llTIi Bce CaMOJIe-
TbI 6bIJIH Terrepb C rry JIeMeTaMM *, qaCTH"IHO C pa,n,l1oanrrapaTaMH
H 60JIee JIY"IIlIHMM aspocpoToKaMepaMM co 120-TM CM <POKYCHbIM
paCCT05lHHeM. KpoMe Toro, pa3BHTHe B03.l{YIIlHOW BOi1HbI HeYK-
JIOHHO BeJIO KO Bce 60JIbIlleH.l{HcpcpepeHIJ;HaUHH B03.l{YllIHbIX CMJI.
Tenepb Hap5l.l{Y C 6JIMJKHei1, .l{aJIbHei1 H apTMJIJIepHi1cKoi1 pa3Be.l{-
KOM ueJIeHanpaBJIeHHO C03.l{aBaJIMCb HCTpe6MTeJIbHa5I H 60M6ap-
.l{MpOBO"lHa5I aBHaUH5I. MHOrOqHCJIeHHa5I MOll!b B03JJ;YIIlHbIX CHJI
H HX B03pocIlIMe 6JIaroJJ;ap51 TeXHM"IeCKoMY pa3BI1THIO B03MOJK-
IIOCTH Bce 60JIee nOBbIIlIaJIH MX BJII151HHe Ha XO.l{ 60eBblx JJ;ei1-
CTBH i. fIOSTOMY C 1916 r. reHepaJIbHble IlITa6bI Ha'llHHaIOT pa3-
pa6aTbIBaTb He TOJIbKO rrpMHI HnbI TaKTH"IeCKOrO HCIIOJlb30Ba-
HH5I aBHaUHM, no H BrrepBble OC03HalOT BblrOJJ;bI MaCCHpOBaHHoro
npHMeHeHH5I B03.l{YIlIIIbIX CHJI. JiIx CPYHKUHH B paMKax rrpopbIBa
pOHTa CTaHOB5ITC5I HaMHoro BaJKHee.
TaKJKe 6bIJI JJ;OCTHrHYT IIporpecc H B 60M6apJJ;HpOBO\IHOM
npaKTI1Ke.
Ha PYCCKOM cppOHTe KopnYCHbIC M apMei1cKHe aBl1aOTp5l-
.l{bI npHMeH5IJIM cpyracHbIe 60M6bI CMCTeMbI OpaHOBCKoro, Mac-
COM 4,6, 10, 16 M 32 Kr. OHH c6pacbIBaJIl1Cb B OCHOBHOM C ca-
MOJIeTOB Bya3eH H <DapMaH . BOM6bI MaccoH 48,80, 160,
240 H 400 Kr rrocTyrraJIH B 3BK.
B Ha1..IaJIe 1916 r. Ha BaJITMMCKOM CYJJ;OcTpOHTeJIbHOM 3a-
BOJj,e 6bIJIM M3rOTOBJIeHbI 60M6bI MaccoH 640 Kr. OHH npeJJ;Ha3-
Ha"laJII1Cb JJ;JI5I 60M6apJJ;HpOBaHH5I repMaHcKoi1 6a3bI IIO,l1BOl{-
HbIX JIOJJ;OK B oKKyrrMpoBaHHoH JIH6aBe.
BbIJIH C03.l{aHbl TaKJKe H OCKOJIO"lHbIe aBMa60M6bI MaccoH
4 H 10 Kr.
,lI0 KOHua 1916 r. cHa6JKCHHe PYCCKOM apMHH 3arpaHI1QHbI-
MH CaMOJIeTaMM rrpOHCXOJJ;HJIO He CHCTeMaTMt.IeCKH. Bo cDpaH-
* <t>paIlIlY iaM YJlaJlOCb B 1916 r. YCTallOBHTb lIa CaMOJICTaX Bya3clI 37-MH
MM "YIliKH fOYKHCa, CTpCJI}lUIIIHC l<apTCLfbIO. B STOM rOJlY JlaJKC B POCCHH BIIC-
JlP}lJIC}) opHrHllaJlhllblH CHIIXpOIlH iaTOp J!bl6ouCKoro JI)I5I JlBHraTCJI}1 «POII .
1916 lOa
297
UMM HenpephIBHO nO BJI5IJIHCb HOBbIe 06pa3UbI BoeHHbIX caMO-
JIeTOB, HaH60JIee COBepIIIeHHble H3 HHX HanpaBJI5IJIHCb BO cppan-
UY3CKHe tIaCTM, a B POCCI-IIO npOl(aBaJIHCb B OCHOBHOM YCTapeB-
IlIHe H CH5ITbIe C BoopY:>KeHM5I 06pa3UbI. [eHepaJI-MaHOp TIHeB-
CKMH ny6JIMtIHO npH3HaBaJI, tITO HOBeHIIIMe annapaTbI He
nocTynaJIM BOBce.
HanpHMep, MCTpe6MTeJIM «HbIOnop-17 11 «21» 6bIJIH npH-
H5ITbI BO <I>paHUMH Ha BoopY)KeHMe B 1915 r., Ha PYCCKOM :>Ke
cppOHTe OHM nO BHJIHCb JIHIIlb B - 1916 f.
I-Ie pa3BepHYB CBoeBpeMeHHO nOl(rOToBKY He06xol(MMOrO
KOJIHtIeCTBa JIeTHbIX Kal(pOB B POCCHI1, uapCKoe npaBMTeJIbCTBO
B HatIa.ne 1916 f. 3aKJIIOtIMJIO COrJlallleHMe C COI03HMKaMM 0 nOl(-
fOTOBKe JIeTHbIX Ka,n:pOB B MX CTpaHax. B COOTBeTCTBHM C 3TI1M
COrJIaIIIeHHeM BO <DpaHUHM npl1 aBMaUMoHHoH lllKOJle B6JIH3M
r. Ka30 06yqa.nacb rpynna PYCCKMX ocpMuepoB H COJI.n.aT, Ha-
npaBJICHHbIX no CneQHaJIhHOM aTTeCTaUHM KOMaHl(OBaHI151.
HaM60JIee cnoco6HbIe KypcaHTbI, OKOHlJMBIIIMe JJeTHYIO lllKO-
JIY, npOXOl(HJIM IlIKOJIY BbICllIero IIMJIOTa)Ka H B03,l.{YIliHoro 6051
B Ka30. 3tJ;ecb COBepmeHCTBOBaJIM CBoe MCKYCCTBO KpYTeHb,
naBJIOB, CanO:>KHMKOB. TaKa51 )Ke llIKOJIa 6bIJIa B CeH-MaKce-
He, 6JI113 JIMoHa. TaM B 1916 r. 06YlJaJIHCb BbICIIIeMY nI1JIOTa)KY
H aBHaMOTopHOMY l1.eJIY 58 PYCCKMX ocpHuepoB H COJItJ;aT. 3TY
IlIKOJIY OKOI-ttIMJIM KMTQeHKO, CaBeJIbeB, BeJIJIllHr, .AracpoHoB
H ,nPyrl1e.
KpoMe MaCCHpOBaHHoro npHMeHeHM5I K 1916 r. Ha3peJIa
He06xol(MMOCTb MaHeBpa aBl1aQaCT5IMM B paMKax apMMM tJ;JI5I
YCHJIeHH5I HacTynaTeJIbHOH y.n.apHOM rpynnMpOBKI1 MJIM npo-
THBOl(eHCTBH5I npoTMBHHKY. ,l{JI5I 3TOM ueJIM cpOpMl1pOBaJIMCb
aBHa.llHBM3MOHhI (no O.llHOMY Ha apMMIO), KOTopbIe BKJIIOtIaJIl1,
nOMMMO KopnycHbIx OTp5ll(OB, apMeHcKMM, pa3Bel(bIBaTeJIbHbIH
H MCTpe6MTeJIbHhlH aBMaOTp5ltJ;bI.
B 3TOM fO,lty npOM30lllJIH H3MCHeHM5I M B OpraHI13aUMOH-
HOM CTpYKType aHfJII1McKMX BBC. BeCb 1915 r. MX B03.llYIIIHbIe
CMJIbI 6bIJIM pa3,lteJIeHbI Ha KpbIJIh5l, Ka)Kl(Oe M3 KOTOphIX Ha-
CQI1TbIBaJIO no 1])H OTp5ll(a. C HaqaJIa )Ke 1916 r., npl13HaB l(e-
JIeHHe Ha KpbIJIh51 neYl(06HbIM, aHrJIHt.laHe CcpOpMHpOBaJIH 60-
JIee KpynHbIe JIeTHble nO.llpa3tJ;eJIeHH5I - 6pnra.llbI. lloHat.laJIY
298
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80U1/,bl
6bIJIO C03,l(aHO BCerO HeCKOJIbKO 6pHra.n:, KaIK,l(LUI 113 KOTOpbIX
HaCql1TbIBaJIa 14 OTpH,l(OB.
ABHaUI1H HaqHHaJIa BbInOJIHHTb Bce 60JIee H 60JIee CJIOiK-
HbIe 3a.n:aql1. HanpHMep, PyccKHe JIeTql1KI1 B HaqaJIe 3Toro rO,l(a
npO,l(eJIaJIH orpoMHYIO M OqeHb CJIOIKHYIO pa60TY no npOBe,l(e-
HI1IO nJIaHOBOM C'beMKI1 nepe,l(OBbIX n0311Ul1M aBCTpo-repMaH-
CKI1X BOHCK OT qepHoro ,l(0 DaJITHHCKOro MopeH.
IIoCKOJIbKY B n03MUMoHHOH BOMHe Hal160JIee BalKHoe 3Ha-
qeHMe npl106peJIa He06xo,l(I1MOCTb npopbIBa 060POHbI, MMeH-
HO TaKoe ,l(eTaJIbHOe M3yqeHMe JII1HI1I1 <ppoHTa M CTaJIO nepBO-
Oqepe,l(HOH 3a,l(aqeH TaKTI1QeCKOH pa3Be,l(KI1 aBl1aUI1I1. l{JI
BbInOJIHeHI1H 3ToH3a.n:aQM PYCCKM aBl1apa3Be,l(Ka c<poTorpa<pl1-
pOBaJIa Bce YKpenJIeHI1H npOTI1BHMKa He TOJIbKO nepe,l(OBOM
JII1HI1I1, HO 11 HenOCpe,l(CTBeHHoro TbIJIa <ppOHTa. 8TI1 <pOTOCHHM-
KI1 C nOMOll1blO CneUl1aJIbHOrO npOeKUI10HHOrO <pOHapH TpaHC-
<pOpMl1pOBaJII1Cb B nJIaHbI, ,l(OBO,l(I1JII1Cb ,l(0 HY)KHOrO MaCllITa6a
11 nOMell1aJIHCb Ha KapTbI. l{JIH 3TOH ueJII1 6bIJIM 3apanee no,l(-
rOTOBJIeHbI Ha Kypcax cneUl1aJII1CTbI <pOTO- 11 paJn10,l(eJIa *.
CHMMKI1 B CMOHTMpOBaHHOM BI1,l(e 6bIJIM nepe,n:aHbI B llITa6 Bep-
XOBHoro rJIaBHOKOMaH,l(OBaHI1H H nOCJIYIKI1JII1 OCHOBOH pa3pa-
60TKI1 onepaTMBHbIX nJIaHOB. .
TaK)Ke B XO,l(e 60eB aBl1aQI1M CTaBMJIaCb 3a,l(aQa HenpepbIB-
HO I1H<pOpMl1pOBaTb KOMaH,n:OBaHMe 0 Bcex nepeMeHax, npol1c-
XOMll1l1X Ha nOJIe 60H.
HenpepbIBHoe YJIyqrneHl1e JIeTHbIX KaQeCTB CaMOJIeTOB pac-
1lII1pHJIO MX Pa,l(MYC ,n:eMCTBI1H. Hanpl1Mep, ,l(BYXMeCTHbli1 CaMO-
JIeT «BYa3eH B HaqaJIe 1916 r. Mor HaXO,l(HTbCH B B03,l(yxe B Te-
QeHl1e 4-x QaCOB co CKOpOCTblO nOJIeTa 100 KM/QaC, T; e. MaKCM-
MaJIbHaR rJIy6MHa ero ,l(ei1cTBI1H (pan;HYc) COCTaBJI Jla 200 KM.
III B 113JlallJlOM B 3TOM rOilY B POCCI1I1 .PYKOBOJlCTBC 803JlYillIlOti cpoTorpa-
q>HCHIiO IlporpaMMC JlJIJI I1CllblTalll1H BOClinoro J1CT HKa. rOBOpI1JIOCb: .Pa3-
BCJlKa, IIpOH3BCJlClllla C JICTaTCJ1bIlOrO aliliapaTa, TOJlbKO 1'or/ta }fBJIHCl'C IlCII-
IIOH, KorJla B DHJ C I1JIJIIOCTpaL(HH K JlOIICCCIII110 JIC" I1Ka IIpl1JIOJKClla (Ix>TO-
rpaqHul occro Toro, YTO 3allC4aTJICilO BCCUHJlHlIll1M OKOM 061)cKl'l1ua .
1916 lOa
299
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Ul1H; OTpH,n: OCTeHJJ;CKOro OT,n:eJIeHl1 rOJIy611HOH nOqTbI ne-
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Kampfgeschwader), a OTpH.n; OT,n:eJIeHl1e rOJIy6HHoM IIOqTbl
Meu» - BO 2-j;i KG. B TeqeHHe HeCKOJIbKHX cJIe,n:YIOll!l1x Mec -
ueB 6y.n;YT CcpOpMl1pOBaHbl 3-H, 4-M, 5-M 11 6-M KG.
19 IlH8ap1l - DPYCMJIOB: TIOMHlO HpKI1H CBeTJIbIH .n;eHb
KpemeHbH. MbI Bce nOCJIe CJIYiK6bI BbIIlIJII1 113 co6opa, qTo6bl
npHCYTCTBOBaTb Ha MOJIe6He C BO,n:OCBHTl1eM 11 Tpa,n:I1QI10HHbIM
KpemeHCKI1M napa,n:OM. Hapo.n;y co6panOCb MHOJKeCTBO - BeCb
MOM IlITa6, BOHCKa, ropoiKaHe, npe.n;cTaBI1TeJII1 altMI1HI1CTpaQI1M,
JIa3apeToB rOCnI1TaJIeW, HaIIlI1 npl1e3)Kl1e rOCTl1.
B caMOM HaqaJIe MOJle6Ha H YCJIbIIIlaJI 3HaKoMbIM IIlYM B
B03,n:yxe 11, no.n;HHB rJIa3a, YBI1,n:eJI Ha HpKo-cHHeM He6e COBceM
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TpeCK yrraBllIeH 60M6bI. DbIJIO OqeBM,n:HO, qTO OHa nonaJIa B
KPbIIlIY o,n:Horo 113 6JIl1)KaWIlIHX ,n:OMOB.
MOJIe6eH npo,n:OJIJKaJIC$I. 51 C rop.n;OCTbIO B3rJIHHYJI Ha rpynny
cecrep Ml1JIOcep.n;I1H: HI1 OJJ;Ha 113 HI1X He ,n:porHYJIa, HHKaKOI1 cy-
MHTI1QbI He npOM3011IJIO, Bce iKeHIl.(MHbI 11 MOJIo,n:ble ,n:eBYIlIKI1 CTO-
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)KaTb c.nY)K6 KpeCT .n;pOJKMT B ero pYKe, 11 on e.n;Ba He nau.aeT.
CnaCJII1 nOJIOiKeHl1e BTOpoM CB Il.(eHHHK, ,n:bHKOH 11 neBtll-Ie, 3ar-
JIynIl1BIllHe ::>TOT n030p nepe,n: BCeMI1 CTOH BIll 11M 11 HeCKOJIhKO .n;aJIb-
llle. MOJIe6eH 6J1arOnOJIytIIIO OKOHqI1JIC . BpIDKecKHe CaMOJIeTbI
300
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80U1tbl
c6pOCHJII1 eru;e HeCKOJIbKO 6oM6, HO nOIIaTIl1 Y)Ke B 60JIOTO 3a ro-
pO.l{OM. Harna apTHJIJIepl1$1 06cTpeJuiJIa HX H BblIIpoBO.l{HJIa.
ITOCJIC npaB.l{a MHe .l{OJIOJKI1JII1, t.lTO 6oM6a pa3pYIIIHJIa BepX-
HHM 3TaIK O.l{HOrO 113 60JIbllIHX .l{OMOB, y6HJIa H HCKaJIet.lHJIa
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27 RHBapR - nO.l{ .l{aBJIeHHeM KOMaH.l{YK>ru;HX apMH$lMH 11
KOMaH.l{HpOB aBHaOTp$l.l{OB BeJIHKHM KH$l3b AJIeKCaH.l{p MHxaH-
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KOpl1Tb BoopYJKeHHe CaMOJIeTOB.
31 RHBapR - ,llo CHX nop CTO$lJIH He6JIarOIIpH$lTHble .l{JI}I
B03.l{YIIIHbIX nana.l{eHHH nOrO.l{Hble YCJIOBH$I, HO C 3Toro .l{H5I
Y JIYt.lIIIeHHbIe QenneJIHHbI CHOBa npe.l{npHH$lJIH CBOH peHJI.bI co
CMepTOHOCHbIM rpY30M npOTHB DpHTaHHH. 9 QeIIIIeJIl1HOB npo-
H3BeJIH 60M6ap.l{HpoBKY Ml1JVIaH.l{a. DbIJIO c6pollIeHo 389 60M6.
Ha o6paTHoM nYTH O.l{HH H3 B03.l{YIlIHbIX Kopa6JIeH PYXHYJI B
Mope; BC$I ero KOMaH.l{a H3 16 t.leJIOBeK norl16JIa.
113 e)KeHe.l{eJIbHOrO HJIJIIOCTpHpOBaHHoro IKypHaJIa BOK-
pyr CBeTa N2 14, (3 anpeJI$I) 1916 r.: «CaMa ce6$1 pa6a DOJKb}I
6beT, KOJIb Het.lHCTO IKHeT.
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<ppaHUY30B. cDpalIUY3CKHe JIeTt.JHKH cpa3Y)l(e Om)'TI1JIH KOJIOC-
CaJlbHOe .llanJICHl1e repMaHCKO:H aBHaU11H.
Hanapp: «IlpoTHB TaKoro KOJII1t.IeCTBa CaMOJIeTOB npOTHB-
InIKa lIa,lJ.O C03.llaTb eme 60JIee MOlUHbIe B03.n:YIIIHbIe CHJIbI .
Y Hanappa na 3TOT MOMeHT Ha Ct.JeTY 4 C6HTbIX CaMOJleTa
llpOTHBIII1Ka.
O.n:HaKo, BOCnOJIb30BaBllII1Cb TOTaJIbHbIM BHI1MaHHeM rep-
MaHCKHX JleTtJl1KOB B nepBbI:H .n:eHb HacTynJIeHI1.H K Hcnocpe.n:-
CTBeHHbIM 06'beKTaM aTaKl1l1X 5-:H apMI1I1, <ppaHUY3cKHe JIeT-
tII1KH ycneBaIOT naneCTI1 neCKOJIbKO 60M60BbIX y.n:apOB no rep-
MaHCKHM 06'bCKTaM, paCnOJIOIKeHHbIM HeMHoro B CTOpOHC OT
1916 zoa
307
OCHOBHoro anHueHTpa pa3BHTH C06bITHM. DOM6apJJ;HpOBOll-
HCUI 3CKaztpa B COCTaBe 28 CaMOJleTOB C6pOCHJIa 106 60M6 Ha
BoeHHblM 3aBOJJ; B Meue. ,L{pyraJI rpynna CPpaHUY3CKHX 60M-
6apJJ;HpOBll!HKOB B COCTaBe 17 CaMOJIeTOB 60M6HJIa TOBapHYIo
CTaHUHIO B Meue H aapOJJ;pOM Xa6cxai1M.
22 cpe8paJIR - B HOllb CPpaHUY3CKaJI 60M6apJJ;HpOBOllHa51
aBHaUI1 nOJJ;BeprJIa 60M6apJJ;MpOBKe IllTa6bI H uellTpbI cHa6-
JKeHH5I repMaHCKHX BOMCK.
OJJ;HaKo 3TO 6bIJIH Bcero JIHIllb eJJ;HHHlIHbIe ycnexH; repMaH-
CKoe HacTyrrJIeHHe ycnelliHo pa3BHBaeTC5I, 11 cppaHUY3aM YJKe
He J];O CTOpOHHHX ueJIeH.
fepMaHCKaH rreXOTa rrOJIYlIaeT HenOCpe,l.tCTBeHHYIO apTHJI-
JIepHHCKYIO rrOJLl{ep)KKY rrYTeM rreperrOJJ;lJHHeHI1}{ lJaCTH apTHJI-
JIepHH JJ;HBH3H5IM. ITpl1,l.taIIHble repManCKI1M rreXOTHblM lJaCT5IM
MHHOMeTbl H orneMeTbl HaMHoro YCHJIHBalOT ee 60eBbIe B03-
MOJKHOCTI1.
25 cpe8paJlR - fepMaHCKI1M BOHcKaM, neCMOTp51 Ha ynop-
Hoe corrpOTHBJIeHHe H KOHTpaTaKH CPpaHUY30B, y.n.aeTC5I 3ax-
BaTHTb rrepBYIO H BTOpylO JIHHHH 060POHbI. CpeJJ;H Hal160JIee
Ba)l(HbIX 06'beKTOB Q>paHUY3CKOM 060POHbl HeMuaMH 6bIJI B351T
cpOpT ,L{YOMOH. cDpaHUY3cKoe KOMaHJJ;OBaHHe peIllaeT BO liTO 6bI
TO HH CTaJIO YJJ;epJKaTbC5I Ha npaBOM 6epery Maaca H cpOpMH-
PyeT 2-10 apMHIO CneUHaJIbHO JJ;JI 060POHbl BepJJ;eHa.
B CB5I3H C 1Il1CJIeHHblM rrpenOCXOJJ;CTBOM H HaJII1l1HeM crre-
UHaJIbHbIX HCTpe6HTeJlbHblX rpyrrn repMaHCKaJI aBl1aUI1 B nep-
Bble JJ;HH BepJJ;eHCKOH onepaUl111 nOJIHOCTblO rrOJJ;aBHJIa cppaH-
UY3CKYIO. cDpaHUY3cKoe KOMaH,l.tOBaHHe rrpI1H JIO CpOlllIble
MepbI K cocpeJJ;oTOqeHHIO B pai10H BepJJ;eHa aBl1aUHOHHbIX 3C-
KaJJ;pHJII1H. ITpH 3TOM 6blJIO peIllCHO C03JJ;aTb MCTpe611TeJIbHYlo
aBHaUHoHHYIO rpynrry B COCTaBe 4-x 3CKaJJ;pHJIHH no 6 CaMOJle-
TOB B KaiK,l.tOM. t{JI 3TOH ueJII1 H3 apMeHcKHx pa3BeJJ;bIBaTeJlb-
HbIX 3CKaJJ;pHJII1M 6bIJIH H3'b TbI 0JJ;I10MeCTHble «HblOnopbI» H
rroJJ;o6pan HaH60JIee orrbITHbIH JIeTHbIM COCTaB. OTbIcKHBati-
Te HenpH5ITeJIbCKHe CaMOJIeTbI H aTaKyi1Te MX IIOBCIOJJ;Y, rJJ;e RbI
HX BCTpeTHTe>.>, - rJIaCI1JI rrepBbIM npHKaJ <PpaUUY3CKHM MC-
Tpe6HTeJI M. BrrepBble B HCTOpl1H BOHH pa3BepHYJIaCb aKTI1B-
HaJI 60Pb6a 06eHx CTOpOH 3a rocnOJJ;CTBO B B03JJ;YXC.
308
A8ua UR BeJlUKOU 80U:1fbl
Bce aKTHBHee pa3BOpatJMBalOTCH M Ha3eMHbIe BOHCKa; 06e
CTOpOHbI BBOJJ;jlT B 60H Bce HOBbIe M HOBbIe coeJJ;HHeHHH.
27 tjJe8paJlR - <I>paHQY3cKoe KOMaHJJ;OBaHHe 3HeprHtJHO
pa3BopatJHBaeT aBTOM06HJIbHOe JJ;BH)KeHHe no llocce Bap-JIe-
)!IOK - BeptteH ( CB5IrueHHbIH nYTb HJIM JJ;opora B paH ).
6S-TH KM Tpacca pa3J(eJIeHa Ha 6 yqaCTKOB, aBTOM06HJlbHbIM
TpaHcnopT Ha 200 OTJJ;eJIeHHH rro 20 MallHH. TIo ,n:opore npoxo-
JJ;HT JJ;O 6 TbIC. MaIllHH B CYTKH, 11 3a 6JII1)KaMillHe 9 .aHeM nepeBe-
3eHO notJTI1 200 TbIC. COJI,n:aT H OKOJIO 2S TbIC. T 60errpHnacoB H
npotJl1x rpY30B.
TIOJlO)l(eHl1e <PpaHUY3CKHX B03JJ.YllHbIX CHJI B Hat.JaJIe Bep-
,n:encKoM onepaQHI1 CTaJIO OKOHqaTeJlbHO He6JIarOnpHHTHbIM.
l!o Bep,n:eHCKHX 60eB <PpaHUY3cKaH aBHaUI151 npe,n:notJHTa...7Ja
u
TaKTHKY OJJ;HHOtJHbIX B03.n.YIllHbIX CTOJlKHOBeHHH, B KOTOpbIX
YCTynaJIa OJJ;HaKO repMaHCKHM JIeTt.JI1KaM. Terrepb JJ;JIH <ppaH-
UY3CKoro KOMaHJJ;OBaHI151 CTaHOBI1TCH 51CHOH He06xo,n:HMOCTb
MaCClllpOBaHHoro npHMeHeHHH aBHaQHH. ,l(JI5I3TOH QeJIH B KOH-
ue <peBpaJIH HatJaJIbHHK <PpaHUY3CKOH HCTpe6HTeJIbHOH rpyrr-
nbI AHCTOB» nOJJ;nOJIKOBHHK.n.e P03 6bIJI KOMaH,n:HpOBaH B Eap-
JIe-,l(IOK (IOro-3arraJJ;Hee Bep,n:eHa) C 3an;aHl1eM «OtJHCTI1Tb He60
OT rrpOTHBHHKa . ,l{JIH ocyrueCTBJIeHI1H 3Toro 3an;aHH eMY 6bIJIH
JI,aHbI caMble llHpOKHe nOJIHOMotJI1H.
qTO KaCaeTC5I Ha3BaHI151 AHCTbI», TO ero MCTOpH5I TaKOBa.
B 1884 r. BO <I>paHUHM BbIIIIJIa B CBeT ,n:eTCKaH KHHra A. ,ZJ:o,n:e
«AHCTbI C I1JIJIIOCTpaQH5IMH )1(. )KIOH.l(Ta. B HeCKOJlbKI1X JJ;eT-
CKIIIX CKa3Kax )l(IIIBO H YBJIeKaTeJIbHO nOBeCTBOBaJIOCb 0 TOM,
KaK ceMbH al1CTOB BeJIa 60Pb6y C neMeUKHMI1 3aBOeBaTeJI5IMH...
B 3THX CKa3Kax aHCTbI BbICTaBJI5IJIHCb no,n:JIHHHbIMI1 HOCI1Te-
Jl5lMH lII.l{eH oCB060)KJJ;eHH5I 3JIb3aCa H JIoTapHHrHI1 OT qY)Ke-
3eMHoro Hra.
TIoHaqaJIY, B nepBbIH ro,n: BOHHbI, rpyrrrra AHCTOB COCTO-
51JIa H3 4-x 3CKMPHJIHH, no 6 aSpOrrJIaHOB EJIepHO», a B CJIe-
,n:YIOll{eM 191 S r. - « MopaHoB H 3aTeM B 1916 r. - «HblOrro-
pOB . I1MeHHo B 3TOM rpynne BOeBaJIH rl1HHeMep 11 <I>oHK, H Ha
HX MaIIIHHax 6bIJIH HapHCOBaHbI aHCTbI. (TOJIbKO 62-51 <ppaH-
QY3CKaH 3CKan;pHJIb51 npennotJJIa Tpan;HQHOHHYIO 3M6neMY ne-
Tyxa. )
1916 lOa
309
B KOH e )Ke <peBpaJUI t{e P03 c06paJI OKOJlO 60-TI1 JIY1..fIIlI1X
JIeTtlI1KOB-I1CTpe6HTeJIeM: (3CKat{pI1JIb HaBappa, 3CKa,n:pI1JIb51
fipOKapa C fMMHeMepOM, 3CKat{pI1JIb.H MopaHKypa, JIeTql1KH
O)Ke, neJlJIeTbe, ,l!ya311, Po6ep, J.(e lllanpe, IllaHIO 11 t{p.)
q T06bI C03,n;aTb nepeBeC B B03t{yxe, He I1Me cyu.r.eCTneH-
Horo npel1MymecTBa B 06meM KOJIHqeCTBe 3a,n,eHCTBonaHHbIX
Ha 3TOM yqaCTKe <ppOHTa CaMOJIeTOB, <ppaH Y3CKoe KOMaHt{o-
BaHl1e HallIJIO 3aMeqaTeJIbHbIM BbIXOt{ - OHO BnepnbIe npu-
6erJIo K eHTpaJII130BaHHOMY ynpaBJleHl110 BceMM aBMaCI1Jla-
MI1 <ppOHTa. 06'bet{I1HI1B I1CTpe611TeJIbHbIC CMJIbI Bcex apMI1H,
<l>paHI Y3CKI1M: llITa6 cppOHTa HanpanJI JI I1X B HaH60JIee OT-
BeTCTBeHHble yqacTKI1 60eBbIX t{eMCTnI1M, C03t{aBCUI 3HatIl1TeJIb-
HbrM: nepeBec Ha OTt{eJIbHbIX yqaCTKax. 3TO II03BOJII1JIO <ppaH-
QY3aM CHaqaJIa ,n:OBOJIbHO 6bICTpO BOCCTaHOBI1Tb paBHOBeCl1e,
a 3aTeM M nOJlHOCTblO B3 Tb HHH1U1aTI1BY B B03J1.yxe B CBOH
PYKM. fepMaHCKHM: llITa6 He OKa3aJIC HaCTOJIbKO M06HJIbHbI 1
H npO,lJ.OJI)KaJI npl1MeH Tb cnol1 B03t{YIlIHbIe CI1J1bI, paBHOMep-
flO pacnpCt{eJlHB I1X no nceM yqaCTKaM <ppOHTa. Ha STOT pa3
3aBI1t{Ha repMaHCKCUI net{aIITl1qnOCTb COCJIY)KHJIa HeMuaM
nJIOXYIO CJIY)K6y.
MAPT
K HatJaJIY MapTa CI1JIbI <ppaH Y30B no,n: Bep,n:eHOM YJKe npe-
BOCXOt{ T repMaHCKl1e. Bept{eHCKCUI M copy6Ka 3aT rI1BaeTC ,
npeBpam(UlCb B ynopHbIe M KpOBOnpOJII1THble 6011 3a OTt{eJlb-
Hble YKpenJleHMjI M BbICOTbI.
1 Mapma - B HOqb repMaHCKa 60M6apt{l1poBOt.[HLUI anl1a-
QI1 B COCTaBe 15 CaMOJleTOB np0l13BeJIa 60M6ap,n:l1poBKY )Ke-
JIe3Ho,n;opO)KHbIX CTaHl.{I1M M KOJIOHH <ppaH Y3cKI1X BOMCK B
paHoHe Bept{eHa.
BOCmOll1tblU cjJpol-lm
nbITaeTC npl1B01U1Tb CBOI1 aBHal.{MOHHbIC CI1JIbI B COOTBeT-
CTBl1e C eBponeMCKHMI1 H POCCH . B 3TOM Mec e B PYCCKOH
apMMI1 C<pOpMl1pOBaHO 12 (IIO Ot{HOMY Ha Ka)Kt{YIO apMI1IO) HC-
Tpe6HTeJIbHbIX aBl1aOTp t{OB.
310
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80Ullbl
C Haqana BOMHbI JJ;O MapTa 1916 f. aBHaUHOHHbIe OTp JJ;bI
rrOJIyqHJIH 100 rrYJIeMeTOB, TOfJJ;a KaK K aToMY BpeMeHI1 B OTp -
JJ;ax MMeJIOCb OKOJIO 200 CaMOJIeTOB, rrpHfOJJ;HbIX JJ;JI HCTpe6H-
v
TeJIbHbIX ueJIeH.
BpYCHJIOB: B TeqeHHe aTOM 3HMbI MbI ycepJJ;Ho 06yqanl1
BOMcKa M H3 Heyt.J:eM JJ;eJIaJIH XOpOIlIHX 60eBbIx COJIJJ;aT, nOJJ;fO-
TOBJI HX K HacTyrraTeJIbHbIM orrepaUHgM... IlocTerreHHo M
TeXHl1qeCKa.H qaCTb nOrrpaBJI JIaCb - B TOM CMbICJIe, t.J:TO CTaJIH
K HaM rrpl16bIBaTb BI1HTOBKH, npaBJJ;a, pa3JIHt.J:HbIX CHCTeM, HO C
JJ;OCTaTOqHbIM KOJII1t.JeCTBOM naTpOHOB; apTHJIJIepl1MCKHe CHa-
v
p JJ;bI, rro rrpeHMYIUeCTBY JIerKOH apTHJIJIepHH, CTaJIH TaK)Ke
OTrrYCKaTbC B 60JIblliOM KOJIHt.JeCTBe; npH6aBHJIH t.J:I1CJIO ny-
JIeMeTOB 11 CcpOpMl1pOBanM B Ka)l(JJ;OH t.JaCTH TaK Ha bIBaeMbIX
rpCHaJJ;ep, KOTOpbIX BOOPY)l(HJIH pYQHbIMI1 rpaHaTaMH H 60M-
6aMI1. BOMCKa rrOBeCeJIeJII1 11 CTanM fOBOpHTb, t.JTO npM TaKHX
YCJIOBH X BoeBaTb MO)KHO H eCTb nOJIHCUI Ha,l(e)KJJ;a rr06eJJ;MTb
Bpara. JIl1llib B03JJ;YlliHbIM cpJIOT, rro cpaBHeHHIO C Herrpl1 TeJIb-
CKI1M, 6bIJI t.Ipe3BbIqaMHO cJIa6. Me)l(JJ;Y TeM, rrOMI1MO B03JJ;Ylli-
HOH pa3BeJJ;KI1 M CH TH cpOTorpacpl1M HerrpH TeJIbCKI1X YKpen-
v
JIeHI1H, CaMOJIeTbI MMeJII1 e e He3aMeHl1MOe 3HaQeHHe rrpH KOp-
peKTl1pOBaH1111 CTpeJIb6bi T.H)KeJIOM apTHJIJIepHI1. MHOfO pa3
06e aJII1 YBeJIHt.II1Tb t.JHCJIO CaMOJIeTOB, lIO TaK aTO OJJ;HI1M 06e-
aHl1eM 11 OCTaJIOCb».
3 Mapma - TeJIerpaMMa HaqaJIbHHKa KOHTppa3BeJJ;KH
lliTa6a CeBepo-3ananHoro cppoHTa B CTaBKY:
fepMaHcKoM OcpI1UI1a.JIbHOM Co06IneHl1H OT 18 cpeBpaJI
rrOMell1.eHO KaBbIt.JKI1 K CeBepo/3arraJJ;Y MHTaBbI nOCJIe B03-
v u
JJ:YIlIHOH CXBaTKH cnYCTHJIC PYCCKMH aapOnJIaH 3aXBaqeH HaMH
BMeCTe C JIeTql1KaMI1 KaBbIt.J:KH TOt.JKa OqeBHJJ:HO co06 eHHe
OTHOCI1TC JICTQI1KY 20 aBl1aOTp JJ;a npanopll1.I1KY Kat.Japy Ha-
6JIIOJJ;aTeJIIO IlITa6cKarrl1TaHY ly6KHHY TOqKa Ct.JI1TalO JJ;OJIfOM
xOJJ;aTai1cTBoBaTb cHa6)1(eHI1 OTp JJ;OB apMI1H nYJIeMCTaMI1 JJ;JI
B03JJ;YlliHOH 60pb6bI TaK KaK HanaJJ;eHH HeMel.{KI1X aaporrJIa-
HOB Ha HalliM oc06eHHo MI1TaBCKOM pai10He YQaCTI1JIHcb... fe-
Hepan 5eJI eB».
5 Mapma
«ll1Ta6 4-H apMl111 Hat.JanbHHKY KaHl.{eJI pHH 3aBeJJ;bIBaJO-
1916 lOa
311
meMY aBHaUHei1 H B03JJ:yxOnJIaBaHHeM B .n:etiCTBYIOIUeH apMHJ1.
CeKpeTHO . XO.n:aTaHCTBO.
B rpeHa.n:epCKOM aBHaUHOHHOM OTp.H.l1e 6bIJI npOH3Be.n:eH
y.n:at.IHblti OnbIT YCTaHOBKI1 nYJIeMeTa CHCTCMbI "KOJIbT" Ha an-
napaTe THna "AJIb6aTpoC", npHt.IeM Hat.IaJIbHHK OTpMl{a naxo-
.n:HT BnOJIHe B03MO)KHbIM YCTaHOBHTb ny JIeMeTbI "KOJIbT" 11 na
annapaTaX JI.pyrMx CHCTeM.
He 6y.n:eT JIH npH3HaHO B03MO)KHbIM Hcxo.n:aTattcTBoBaTb
BbI.n;at.Iy nYJIeMeTOB CHCTeMbI "KOJIbT" Ha BoopY)I(eHl1e HaI11I1X
CaMOJIeTOB .n;o HacTynJIeHH.H BeceHHcH KaMnaHMH; 3TO HeCOM-
HeHHO npl1HeCJIO 6bI 60JIbI11YIO nOJIb3Y aBHaUI10lIlIOMY ,[{eJIY, TCM
60JIec, t.ITO a3pOIIJIaHbI npOTI1BHHKa TaK)I(e BOOPY)l(CHbI ny JIe-
MeTaMM.
3BepT .
6 Mapma - TeJIerpaMMa Hat.IaJIbHHKa I11Ta6a CeBepo-3a-
na.,n:Horo cppoHTa B CTaBKY:
I1onaHo: 21/2 1916 7 t.I. 3 M. no nOJIy.n:HH
IIoJIYt.IeHo: 22/2 1916 1 t.I. 19 M. no nOJIYHOt.Ib
Bcenpe.n:aHHeHlIIe .n:OHOIlIY, tITO B cpeBpaJIe MeCHue repMan-
CKHe CaMOJIeTbI .n;Ba paaa HC nponycKaJIH JIeTt.II1KOB 12-H apMI1H
Ha llIocce MHTaBa - lllaBJIH OTrOHH.H HX C .n:HCTaHUI1H 300/400
ruarOB nYJIeMeTHbIM orHeM TOt.IKa j:{JI.H ycnelliHoti 60pb6bI Ha-
IIIHX JIeTt.IHKOB C HenpHHTeJIbCKI1MI1 xo,n:aTaHcTBYIO 0 cHa6)Kc-
HUH aBl1aUI10HHbIX OTpH.n;OB <ppOHTa nYJIeMeTaMH B KOJIl1tIeCTBC
.n;OCTaTOt.IHOM .n;JIH BoopY)l(eHM.H Bcex anrrapaTOB TOt.IKa... BonlI-
BpyeBHt.I .
IIo.n: .n;aBJIeHl1eM <ppOHTa fBTY (3) MapTa 3anpOCI1.JIO y
rJIaBHOrO apTI1JIJIepl1HCKOrO ynpaBJIeHI1.H eme 100 nYJleMeTOB.
IIocJIe ,n:JIHTeJIbHOH nepenl1CKI1 MeJK.n:y .n;BYMH ynpaBJIeHH-
HMH, HaKOHel.{, nOCJIe.n:OBaJIO peI11eHHe oTrrycTHTb C Ty JIbCKOrO
opY)Ketinoro 3aBo.n:a 104 nYJIeMeTa «MaKcHM . 60 nYJIeMeTOB
6bIJIH OCTaBJIeUbI B IIeTporpa.n:e (y Be.n:eHepa), 22 nanpaBJIeUbl
B KHeBCKI1H aBl1anapK, OCTaJIbHbIC p03,n:aHbI no aBHaOTpH.n:aM.
3anaallblU cjJpollm
I1cTOIl.{lfB HMeIOIl.{HeC.H CHJIbI Ha npaBoM 6epery Maaca, rep-
MaHCKoe KOMaH.n:OBaHHe pernaeT HacTynaTb Ha JIeBOM 6epery.
312
A8ua UR BeJlUKOU 80U1lbl
6 Mapma - fepMaHcKHe BOHCKa CTpeMHTCH OBJIa.l{eTb Ba)K-
HeHIIIHMH BbICOTaMH MOpT-OMM H 304 npH nO.l{.l{ep)KKe orHH
100 TH)KeJIbIX 6aTapeH. O.l{HaKO B 3TOM paHoHe Y)Ke CKOHueHT-
pupoBaHbI npeBOCXO.l{HlI.{He 4>paHQY3cKHe CHJIbI H HeMeQKHe
aTaKH He npHHOCHT HHKaKoro pe3YJIbTaTa. C 06eHX CTOpOH Ha-
qHHalOTCH 3aT5I)KHbIe 60H Ha HCTOll1eHHe.
9 Mapma - fpynna AHCTOB CnpaBHJIaCb co CBoeH 3a.l{a-
qei1. 3a 16 .l{HeH 60eB no.l{ Bep.l{eHOM O.l{HH PYCCKHH JIeTtIHK
cDel10pOB C6MJI 8 repMaHCKHX CaMOJIeTOB. 113 npHKa3a reHepa-
JIHCcHMyca )KoQ:>cppa 0 Harpa)K.l{eHHH <DeJ(opOBa: ...BbI YJtBO-
I1JIH CJIany, nOKpbIBllIYIO 3IIaMeHa Bep.l{eHCKOH apMHH. OT HMe-
HH 3TOH apMHH 6JIaroJtaplO Bac 3a YCJIyry, OKa3aHHYIO <DpaH-
QHH .
<DpaHUY3CKHH BoeHHblH JIeTtIl1K MaHOp EpOKap B ra3eTe
Matin , BbIIlle.l{ll1eH 20 MaH 1916 r., Ha3BaJI PYCCKI1X JIeTqH-
KOB, BOCBaBll1I1X BO <DpaHI..1HH pbIuapHMH B03.l{yxa 6e3 CTpaxa
H ynpeKa .
12 .Mapma - B B03J.(YUIIiOM 6010 Y KOMnbeHa fHHHeMep
c6HBaeT Ce,lJ:bMOH CaMOJIeT npOTHBHHKa.
13.Mapma - fHHHeMep, BpoKap H jIeJIJIeH B TeqeHHe .l{H5I
c6HBaloT 6 repMaHCKHX CaMOJIeTOB (4 - yrpOM H 2 nOCJIe no-
JIYJ.(HH); B nOCJIe,lJ:HeM 6010 y Bap-JIe-L{IOKa fHHHeMep palieH
.l{BYMH nYJIHMH B JIenylO PYKY. 061l1HH CqeT fHHHeMepa J(OCTH-
raeT Y)Ke 10 MaIIIHH.
17 Mapma - I-Ia.l{ Bep.l{enCKHM TeaTpOM 60eBbIx J.(eHcTBHH
6bIJIO 3acpHKCI1pOBaHO 32 B03J(Yll1HbIX nOe.l{HHKa Me)KJ(y rep-
MaHCKHMH H cppaI-IUY3cKHMH JIeTqHKaMH;.l{O CHX nop B03J.(Yll1-
Ha51 BOMna Cll1e He .l{OCTHraJIa TaKoro pa3rapa.
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qeHI151 ocpMQepCKOro 3BaHI151. 3TO HarpaJKlteHl1e COCT05lJIOCb 18
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(28) Ha (29) anpeJI5I ,ltJI.H HaJIeTa Ha aapO,ltpOM HeMQbI nOCJIaJII1
QenneJII1H. OKa3aBllII1Cb Hecnoc06HbIM 3aMeTI1Tb B TeMHOTe
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npaBI1JIC5I Ha CTaHUI1IO JIeraT, r,lte C6POCI1JI 60JIbllII1e 60M6bI,
nOnaBIlll1e B 3,ltaHMe rOCnMTaJI5I.
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KOTopa Tpe6yeTc ltJI npol{OJI)KMTeJIbHOrO npe6bIBaHH B
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334
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TOM L(YOMOH.
23 MaR - C3p feHpI1 POYJII1HCOH, KOMaH YIOll{HH 6p11TaH-
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npeBOCXO,lJ,51 ero B CKOpOCTI1, MaHenpeHHOCTI1, CKOpOnO,lJ,1>eM-
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336
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340
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191620a
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1916 lOa
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1916 lOa
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1916 lOa
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pBa.n OTKa3aBIlll1H Cl1IIXpOHH3aTOp ero nYJIeMeTa - paCCTpe-
JI.HB c06cTBeHHbIH BI1IIT, I1MMeJIbMaH pa3611JIc5I. TaKona rep-
MaHCKa.H BepCI1.H.
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CKHI1 nl1JIOT [P MaKKa6611H C Ha6JIlo.n;aTeJIeM YOJIJIepOM 113
25-11 3CKa.n;pl1Jlbli RFC, KOTopble BCTynI1JII1 C Hl1M B 60t'r HalL
JIeHCOM. Ka3a.TlOCb 6bI, cpepMeHHbII16HllJIaH FE.2b Tl1na «cDap-
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lllecpep, Hl\feBIIIUI1 30 rr06e.n;. CaM Man<ppe.lI. <POll PI1XTrocpeIl
TaK)Ke e,l{Ba OCTaJIC5I )KI1B JIeTOM 1917 r., cot'r.n; cb B 1l0e.n;HHKe C
FE.2d, llHJIOTlipyeMbIM KaHHeJIJIOM.
22 UIOHR - l-fecKOJIbKO cppaHUY3cKHX 60M6ap.lI.l1pOBIU,HKOB
13 ABHaUHSI BeJlHKOH BOHHbI
354
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27 UIOIlR - IT pOM3Be,l{eHO nepBoe HOqHOe 60M60MeTaHMe C
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KO 6pOCMJIO B CTOPOHY. 51 BnepBble BMJJ;eJI TaK MHoro pa3pbIBOB
B B03.lI.yxe. B cryw.aBIlIHXC.H CYMepKax KapTMHa 6bIJIa nOMCTH-
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360
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1916 lOa
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· OKOJIO 120 Kr.
1916 lOa
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364
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1916 lOa
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366
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(29) HIOHR HenpHRTeJIbCKHe a3pOnJIaHbI 60M6ap,n:HpoBa-
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1916 lOa
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· K 1 HIO})}I 1916 r. 113-3a rpallHllbl B POCCHIO JlOCTY"I1JIO 358 CaMOJICTOB 11
1160 JlBl1raTCJlcti. TaKHM 06pa:ioM, I( CCpCJlHIIC 1916 r. H3 Bccro 4HCJla caMO-
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1800 q>paJiKoB. TOJlbKO OCCllhlO 1916 r. HllOCTpallJlblM anHallltOlillblM (fntp-
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368
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IT pH 3THX YCJIOBH.HX 6 annapaTOB OTp.H,lI,OB I1CTpe6I1TeJIeti, C
· To, t.JTO Jla)f{C Il JlOI<YMCIlTC TaKara YPOlllHIllaH6oJICC CCpbC:illOii U:i IIpMII}I-
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1JI1KOB, HX npCCJICJ..lODaIII1H 11 YHI1l1TO)KCHH}I.
...B CJIYlIaC, eCJIM npHDe.n:eIIlIbIe BbIlUC C006pa)l(eHI151 6YJJ.YT
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3aBOL(aMH 11 Ha1JI1Ha.5I C apMI1W, na cppoIITe KOTOpbIX B03)lYIIlfIble
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110M Ha .n:BYXMeCTHbIX CaMOJIeTaX C TOJIKaIOIUI1MI1 BI1IITaMI1. C
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KO IIOHBHJIHCb CaMOJIeTbI, CTpeJHIlOll1He lIcpe3 BI1HT, 611rIJlaHbi C
TOJIKaIOIUI1M BI1HTOM CTaJIH I1X JICfKOti JJ.o6bJt.Ie t Il03ToMY Ta-
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JIHIllb nOJ1 o xpaHoH I1cTpc6I1TeJIe 1 HJIH nOJ1 rrOKpOBOM HOlJI1.
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ceBepe <:ppOHTa HaMI1 6bIJIa 06paTHO B3.HTa 3Ha\.ll1TeJIbHaH lJaCTb
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1916 lOa
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ro,n:y HeJIb351... II03TOMY 51 rrpo,n:OJI)KaJi 6011 na cppoHTe Y:>Ke 6e3
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1916 r., He06xoAMMO rrpH3HaTb CJlel1YlOmee:
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378
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"Ordre pour Ie Merite" He B03BpamaHC5I!
13 aBrycTa - «BoKPyr CBeTa , N 32, 1916 r. «XpoIIHKa
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14 a8zycma - 113 rrpHKa3a OT (2) aBrycTa 1916 r. 110 2-j;i
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1916 lOa
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M3BeJI CI1JIbHYIO ra30BYlO aTaKY. B Te'lJ:eHl1e HOtIl1 IIIeCTb pa3 nOJ{-
p5lJJ; 6bIJI BbInymeH ra3 C tIaCOBbIM npOMe)KYTKoM. ATaKa 6bIJIa
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110M COCT05lHI1I1. BbIBe,n;eHa 113 CTp051 60JIbIIIaJI tIaCTb CaMOJIeTOB
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P0)KHbIMII nepeB03KaMII B onepaTIIBHOM TbIJIY npOTI1BHHKa.
B pa3BI1THI1 orrepaUHI1 B03,n;YlllHa.H pa3Bel1Ka BCKpbIBaJIa
nYTII OTXOl1a, MeCTa cocpe,n;OTOqeHI1.H II nOl1rOTOBKH 1I0nbIX 060-
pOHHTeJIblIbIX Py6e)KeM aBCTpo-neHrepCKHX apMIIH. B qaCTHO-
CTH pYCCKa.H B03l1YlllHa5I pa3Be,n;Ka BOBpeM.H 06HapY)KI1JIa nOI1-
rOTOBKY repMaHCKHX BOHCK K HaHeceHHIO KOHTpYl1apa no <pJIaH-
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B03l1yxe B 3TOM paMoHe 60eBbIx .n:eMCTBI1H cymecTBeHHO H3Me-
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1916 lOa
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1916 lod
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rOlllfapOBa 01' 24 Hlloap 1915 r.
388
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6ap,lJ,HpOBIU.HKaX, H, cnycT}I neCKOJIbKO CCKYU1(, Ha'-laJIC5l IIalli
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H OCTaJIbHbIe. CaMbIH 6JIH)KHHH KO MIlC aHfJIHyaHHII JIeTeJI Ha
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B OTDCT, H 06a npOMa3aJII1. Eopb6a Ha1.JaJIaCb, H Mile npHxoJ{l1-
JIOCb Bce BpeM5I 3aXol{HTb C3a)1.l1, JIOCKOJIbKY nYJIe 1eT MOM Mar
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C5I H CTpeJI5ITb no BCCM HanpaBJICHI151M.
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51 Mor TOJIbKO ra,n:aTb, C06blO HJII1 HeT? Me)K,n:y 3THMH ,n:BYM5I
\lYBcTBaMH - 60JIbllla51 pa3Hl1ua. TOJIbKO Kor,n:a C6HT O,lJ,HII,
,n:PyroH, TpeTHH npOTHBHI1K, rr05lBJI5IeTC5I, HaKOHeu, YBepeIl-
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caTb BeH3eJI5I. MHe Tor,n:a H B rOJIOBY He rrpHxo,n:HJIO, \lTO OC-
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390
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He B CMJIaX ,n:OT}lHYTb ,n:o CBOMX. Ero paCKalIMBaJIO BO Bce CTO-
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Bo06me He 6bIJIO BM,n:HO, M rry JIeMeT MOJIqaJI. BepO}lTHO, }I y6MJI
Ha6JIIO,lJ,aTeJI}I, M OH PYXHYJI co CBoero CM,n:eHb}l.
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llIeH 3CKa,n:pMJIbM. 51 c,n:eJIaJI TO )Ke caMoe, HO 6bIJI TaK B036Y)K-
,lJ,eH, lITO tJ:YTb He pa3Ma3aJI CBOM a3pOrrJIaH 0 3eMJIIO. 06a HalliM
a3pOrrJIaHa CTO}lJIM p}l,n:OM. 51 PMHY JIC}I K aHrJIMlIaHHHY, KpaeM
rJIa3a 3aMeTMB, qTO K HaM 6eryT HalliM COJI,n:aTbI. I10,n:OM,lJ,}I rro-
6JIM)Ke, }I y6e,lJ,MJIC}I, lITO MOM rrpe,lJ,rrOJIO)KeHM}I OKa3aJIMCb Bep-
HbIMM: }I pa3Hec eMY MOTOp B KJIOqb}l, a rrMJIOT M Ha6JIIO,n:aTeJIb
rrOJIYlIMJIM MHO)KeCTBeHHble paHeHM}I. Ha6JIIO,n:aTeJIb YMep TYT
)Ke, a JIeTlIMKa OTrrpaBMJIM B 6JIM)KaHllIMH JIa3apeT. 51 YBa)KMJI
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3aMelIY, KCTaTM, lITO C Tex rrop HM o,n:Ha aHrJIMHCKaH 3CKa,n:-
pMJIb}l He 3aJIeTaJIa TaK ,n:aJIeKO rro,n: KaM6p3, rrOKa'TaM Haxo,n:H-
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3CKa,n:pMJIb}l neJIbKe.
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1916 lOa
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12 nYJIeMeTOB Bce BpeM5I nOJJ:JI.ep)l(HBaJIC5I orOllb no OCTaBlllHM-
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pelliJIa Ha cTopony HeMueB. ,l{BHraTeJIb fiX MallIHHbI 6bIJI MOIl(-
Hee, CKOpOCTb BbIllIe. Ha Hee CTaBHJIHCb YJKe ,l{Ba, a He O,l{HB,
KaK paHbllIe, ny JIeMeTa KOHCTPYKUHH lllnaH,l{ay. AHrJIHlIaHaM
Ha HX DH-2 Tenepb npHXOt{HJIOCb, B OCHOBHOM, JIl1lIIb YBO-
patIHBaTbC5I 01" aTaK.
B POCCHH Bce IIpo,nOJI)KaeTC5I npouecc TeXIlHlIeCKoro CO-
BeprueHcTBOBaHH5I BoopYJKeHH CaMOJIeTOB. nOCKOJIbKY PYC-
CKH.H B03,l{YlIIHbIH cpJIOT He HMeJI Ha BoopYJKeHMH 60M60c6pa-
cbIBaTeJIeH H 60M60,l{epJKaTeJIeH KaKOrO-JII160 oI1peJJ:eJIeHHO-
ro THna, KOMHCCH5I no B03,l{YUIHOH apTHJIJIepHM B COCTaBe
KpynHeHlIIHx CneUHaJIHCTOB apTHJIJIepHH H BoeHHblX JIeTt.J:I1-
KOB npH YBB<D 3aHSIJIaCb pelIIeHHeM 3Toro Bonpoca. Ha 3a-
ce,naHHH (11) CeHT5I6p51 1916 r. ona nOCJIe BHHMaTeJIbHOrO
06CY)K,l{eHH CQ:>OPMYJIHpOBaJIa OCHOBHble Tpe6oBaHH5I K 60M-
60c6paCbI BaTeJI5IM:
398
A8ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80Ullbl
1. ,l{OJl)KHbl 6blTb npMro,n:HbI no B03MO)KHOCTM ,n:JI Bcex
TMnOB 60M6 KaK <pyracHblx, TaK M OCKOJlO1J:HbIX.
2. l!OJl)KHbI oCB060iK,n:aTb 60M6y npM ropM30HTaJIbHOM ee
nOJlO)KeHMH. DOM6a ,n:OJlJKHa oCB060JK,n:aTbC5I npl160pOM O,n:HO-
BpeMeHHo BO Bcex T01J:KaX no,n:BeCKJi, eCJII1 HX HeCKOJlbKO.
3. AnnapaTbI ,n:Jl5I c6paCblBaHH5I He ,n:OJI)KHbI OKa3blBaTb
60JlbllIOrO Bpe,n:Horo conpOTMBJleHH5I. llOMemaTb rrpJi60p JKe-
JIaTeJIbHO B rOH,n:OJIe MJIH <pI03eJl5lJKe JIeTaTeJIbHOrO anrrapaTa.
IT pJi pacnOJIOJKeHHH c6paCblBaTeJl51 CHapYJKJi arrnapaTa Bce ero
qaCTM ,n:OJlJKHbI HMeTb He60JIbllIOe conpOTMBJIeHHe.
4. DOM6a ,n:OJlJKHa 6bITb pacnOJIO)KeHa B c6pacbIBaTeJle ro-
JIOBHOM qaCTblO Bnepe,n:, a cTa6HJIH3aTOpoM - Ha3a,n:.
5. C6pacbIBaTeJIM He J(OJlJKHbI J(aBaTb 3aJ(ep)KeK B c6paCbI-
BaHMH 60M6bI.
6. IT pHcnoc06JIeHMe, KOHTpHll{ee rrponeJIJIep B3pb1BaTeJl51
60M6bl npJi HaXOJK,n:eHMH ee B c6pacbIBaTeJle ,n:OJIJKHO 6bITb Ha-
,n:e)KHO.
7. C6pacblBaTeJlH ,n:OJIJKHbI HMeTb B03MOJKHO MaJIbIH Bec.
8. l{OJliKHbl y,n:06HO M 6bICTpO YCTaHaBJlMBaTbC51 Ha anna-
paTbI, MMeIOIl{JieC5I Ha BoopYJKeHMH H B OTp5l,n:ax».
3TM Tpe60BaHM5I K 60M6ap,n:HpOB01J:HOMY 060Py,n:oBaul1lO
CaMOJICTOB 6bIJlH (16) CeHT$l6p51 YTBepiK,n:eHbI HaqaJIbHMKOM
YBB<D M pa30CJlaHbi 3aBo,n:aM, CTpOI1BlIIMM CaMOJIeTbI.
OceHblO 3Toro ro,n:a Ha BoopY)KeHMe nocTyrrMJI napallilOT
KOTeJIbHJiKOBa, 60JIee cOBepllIeHHblM, qeM cppaHu,Y3cKHM rra-
pallilOT )KIOKMeca. He60JlblIIOe KOJIMqeCTBO TaKMX napallIloToB
6bIJIO H3rOTOBJIeHO B ITeTporpa.zte Ha 3aBo,n:e TpeyrOJIbHMK» H
HarrpaBJIeHO B ,n:eMcTBYIOIUYIO apMMIO. ITocJIe n05lBJleHM5I Ha
<ppoHTe MCTpe6MTeJIeM npOTJiBHMKa, CTpeJIHIOll{MX 1J:epe3 BHHT,
B03,n:yxOrrJIaBaTeJIH CTaJIH 60JIee BHMMaTeJIbHO OTHOCMTbCH K
3TOMY e,n:HHcTBeHHoMY cpe,n:cTBY cnaCeHM5I JKM3HM B cJIY1J:ae rH-
6eJIH a3pOCTaTa.
30 cellmR6pR - BnepBble B MCTOpMM MOpCKOH aBHau,HJi
PYCCKHH JleT1J:MK I1arYPcKMM c,n:eJIaJI MepTBYIO neTJIIO Ha rl1,l{-
pOCaMOJleTe.
113 ,n:OKJIa.ztHOM 3arrMCKM: B 9 qaCOB 30 MHHyr JICTqJiK Jlei1:-
TeHaHT HarypcKMM rrpM nepeJleTe H3 PeBeJIH B fIaneHroJlbM Ha
1916 lOa
399
JleTaIOIl{ei1: JIOt{Ke M -9 (YCJIOBJIbH IIoMep 40) IIona.n B lllKBaJI.
113-3a lllKBaJIa CaMOJIeT ct{eJIaJI t{Be MepTBble neT JIM. MexaHH-
Ka BbI6pOCMJIO H3 rOHt{OJIbl, H OH 3aCTp.HJI B MOTOpHOH paMe.
BeCb HHCTpYMeHT BbIJIeTeJI. DblJI nonpC)K]{cn BHHT.11arYPcKHii
nocat{HJI CaMOJIeT. MexaHHK nOJIYt.IHJI I1e3HaI.JI11"eJIbHble YlllJ1-
6bl rOJIOBbl, JIeTI.JMK He nOC1"paJ(aJI. B 11 t.IaCOB 30 MHHYT caMO-
lIeT npH6blJI B rraneHrOJIbM .
OceHblo ClIet{YIOIJ(erO rOt{a KOMaH,lU1p aBHal.{110HIIOrO 01"-
p5It{a EaJITHHCKOro cpJIOTa 51.11. HarYPCKI1H 6blJI C6l1T B B03-
.n:YlllHOM 6010 Ha.n: PM)I(CKMM 3aJII1BOM. I10.n:06paH IIOJI7II<aMH
BMeCTe C Ha6JIlo.n:aTeJICM nOCJIe .n:BYX t.IaCOB nJIaBalIH.H B cnaca-
TeJIbHbIX n07Icax. YMep B BapulaBe B 1976 r.
B KOHl.{e CeHT7I6p.H 6blJIa C03.n:alla nOHCKOBa rpynna Ma-
KeH3eHa 11 CDaJIbKeHXaHna )1JI7I y.n:apa no PYMbIHHH.
JIIO.n:eH.n:opcp: «Tpy.n:HO 6blJIO, 1-10 BCe)Ke npHlllJIOCb penlH1"b-
C.H O1"H Tb Y Haxo.n:HBIllHXC.H B T7I)I(eJIOH 60Pb6e 3ana.n:HbIX ap-
Ml1t'I eme HeCKOJIbKO ,lJ;I1BH3HH, t.IT06bI HanpanMTb HX Ha BOCTOK
H B3.HTb TaM HHHQMaTHBY B CBOM PYKI1 .n:JI naHeCeHI1.H peWH-
TeJIbHOrO y.n:apa no PYMbIHHH .
fepMaHCKoe BepXOBHoe KOMaH,lJ;OBaHHe OT,lJ;ae1" pacnop.H:>Ke-
HI1e 0 nOCTpOMKe Ha 3ana.n:e 60JIblllHX TbIJIOBblX n03I1I HH: no-
3111 HI1 3HrcppH.n:a no JII1HHI1 Appac, 3anaJJ;Hee KaM6p3 - CeH-
KaHTeH - JIa-cDep - Ballbl1 Ha p. 3H, '-I1"06bI cpe3aTb 60JIb-
rnYIO HyaHoHCKYIO J(yry H Bblc1"yn Cen- MJ1CJIb K lory 01"
Bep.n: eHa .
OKTH6Pb
B fepMaHHH K 31"OMY BpeMeHH CTaJIa O1"t.IeTJII1BO 5ICHOH He-
06XOt{I1MOCTb 06ne.n:HHeHH.H Bcex aBMaUHOHHbIX, B03.n:YXOfIJIa-
Ba1"eJIbHblX H npOTHBOB03t{ynlllbIx CHJI noLI. 0.n:HH 1 KOMaH.n:o-
BaHl1eM; B oKT 6pe 1916 r. 6bIJIa YI.Jpe:>K.n:eHa l(OJI)KHOC1"b rJIaB-
HOKoMaH.n:Ylomero B03.n:YlIIHbHvll1 CHJIaMI1, Ha KOTOPYIO 6bIJI
na3HaqCn renepaJI cpOH fenHep; 3TO 3IIa\.II1TeJlbIIO YJIYlfIllHJIO
o6Il1ee PYKOBO,lJ;CTBO 6oeBoH pa6oToI1 repMaHCKI1X BBC.
B nepBbIH )Ke l{eHb 31"oro MeC.HI-!a B fepMaHHH 6bIJIO C03.n:a-
HQ 7 I1c1"pe611TeJIbHbIX 3C Ka .n:pI1JIHH.
400
ABuau,UR BeJlUKOU BOU1-lbl
POCCH7I BCe 60JIbllle nOHMMaeT He06xoJJ;MMOCTb pa3BMTH7I
C06CTBeHHoi1 aBHanpOMbIllllleHHOCTM. Oc060e COBell.{alIl1e no
060poHe rocy.n:apCTBa, HMeBlllee MeCTO B POCCHM B OKT7I6pe
1916 r., npHH JIO pellleHHe3aKa3aTb 400 CaMOJIeTOB AHaTpa-,ll
.n:JI7I KopnycHblx aBMaOTp7I.n:OB.
1 oKmR6pR - 7 l.{enneJIMIIOB C6pOCHJIO Ha BOCTOlJnOe no-
6epeJKbe AHrJIMM 200 60M6. O.n:MH M3 HHX paCCTpeJI7IH pacqe-
TOM aHrJIMMCKOro JIeHTeHaHTa Y TeMneCTa. Bce 19 lJeJIOBeK
KOMaH.n:bI norH6JIM.
3 oKmR6pR - PYCCKHH BoeHHbIH JIe HK OpJIOB npOBeJI
lllCCTb B03,l{YlllHbIX 60eB 11 c611JI O,l{HH CaMOJIeT npOTHBHMI<a.
BoKpyr CBeTa NQ 39, (2) OKTH6p7I 1916 r.: XpoHMKa BOi1-
IIbI. OT (16) ,l{0 (22) CeHT7I6p7I
ABcTpo-repMaHcKHM cppOHT
... B 607IX Ha IorO-3ana,l{HOM cppoHTe B nOClleJ{Hee BpeM7I
npHHHMaJIH ,l{e7ITeJIbHOe yqaCTMe HalllH B03JJ;YlliHble 3CKa,n:pbI.
PaHbllIe pOJIb B03,l{YIlIHbIX CY,l{OB OrpaHH1.J:HBaJIaCb pa3Be,l{KOH
M KoppeKTHpOBaHHeM apTHJIJIepHHCKoro OfHg, B nOCJIe.n:Hee
BpeM7I B03,l{YlllHaH 3CKa.n:pa CTaJIa BblnOJIHgTb 1.J:MCTO 60eBble
CPYHKUHM, 06CTpeJIHBaJI H3 OPY,l{MH H ny JIeMeTOB pe3epBbI npo-
TI1BHHKa 11 ,l{a)Ke ero CTOpO)l(eBble u;enH. IIpOMCXO,l{HJIM TaK)Ke
60H C HenpM.HTeJIbCKHMM B03LI.YIlIHbIMH 3CKa.ztpaMH, B 60JIbIlIl1H-
CTBe YLI.atJ:HbIe l{JI.H HaIllHX B03.n:YIlIHbIX CYl{OB...
5 OKTS6ps - BoKpyr CBeTa NQ 39, (2) OKTg6p7I 1916 r.:
BoKpyr BOM:HbI. CueHKM M3 6pHTaHcKoro HacTynJIeHH7I
ApTMJIJIepMH nOl{ 3eMJIeH
I-IecMoTp7I Ha y)l(acaIOmHH 0PYJJ:HMHbIH 06CTpeJI H pa3rpOM
repMaHCKMX OKonOB, aHrJIHlJaHaM npl111IJIOCb npO,l{BHraTbC7I
Bnepe,l{, CKB03b 3aBecy nYlleMeTHoro orng. DbIJIO YCTaHOBJIe-
HO, qTO repMaHl.{bI npOBeJIH pH,l{ TOHHeJIeH no BceMY CPpOHTY,
KOTopbIe Bce BellM B 60JIbIllOe nOl{3eMeJIbe, Ha 20-TH <PYTO.BO i
rJIy611He, rrpeKpaCHO 06CTaBJIeHHOe H 3amMmeHHoe. 3TO ,,)I(M-
JIoe" nOMew.eHHe... OTC Io.n:a , eme 6JIH:>Ke K nepe,n;OBOH JIHHHH,
HeCKOJIbKO cTyneHeH Be.n:eT B .n:pyroe nOD:3eMeJIbe, nOMeHbIllC H
pacnOJIO)l(eUHOC BblIlIe, KaK pa3 nepeJJ, napaneTOM, no,n; npOll-
nOH KpbIlllCi1. TYT CTOHT opy.n:He "B .u.eJIe" H nOMemaeTCH ,l{BOe
I-IaBOl{lJJ1KOB. HHI<aKHe CHap7I.n:bl He onaCHbI 11M...
1916 lOa
401
TIO.l{3eMHa.H KpCnOCTb.
L(o rrpOIllJIOH cy660TbI repMaHCKl1e II0311IlI1I1 npe.n.CTaBJI.H-
JIM C060H OrpOMHY!O nO.l{3eMHYIO KpenOCTb, Ha 30-TI1 cPYTOBOH
fJly6HHe. Tenepb 3Ta nJlOm:a,l{b CJIOBHO nOKpbITa nYJIKaHaMH.
TaM H C.HM 3117IIOT .HMbI, CKB03b KOTopble MO)l(HO cnycTI1TbC.H B
nO,l{3eMHbIH ropo,l{...
6 oKmR6pR - HeMUbI, BOO.l{yrneBJIeHHble Y.l{a'llei1, Tenepb
npl1 Ka)l(.l{OH B03MO)l(HOCTH nOCbIJIaJII1 CBOH 6bICTPOxO,lI:HbIe
MCTpe6HTeJIH Ha rrepeXBaT MYPOMueB . OHM rrbITaJIHCh BOC-
nOJlb30BaTbC.H JII060H OlllH6KOH PYCCKI1X; rrpeCJIe.l{OBaJIH My-
pOMueB H aTaKOBaJIl1 HX C3a,l{11, f,lI:e 3TH CaMOJICTbI 6bIJIH naH-
60Jlee YH3BlfMbi. 3THM aTaKaM rrOMOraJla 113JII1IIIH5I caMOHa-
,n;eHHHOCTb 3KHna)l(eH MYPOMUCB , 'llTO nO.lI.TBep)K.l{aeTC.H
aTaKOM pa)l(eCKOrO HCTpe611TeJI.H Ha 11 M -6 ... (23 CeHT.H6pH)
I1M -6 B03BpamaJICH C 60eBoro 3a.l{aHHH. IlpoJIeTa.H Ha,lI: PI1)1(-
CKHM 3aJ1HBOM, KOMaH.l{a rrOTep.HJIa 6/.{I1TeJIbHOCTb, ,l{YMa5l, 41'0
OHM HaXO,l{.HTCH 3a rrpe.l{eJlaMH 30HbI .l{eHCTBH.H Bpa)l(eCKHX HC-
Tpe6HTeJIeH. I-Ieo)l(H.l{aHHo C3a.l{H nO.HBI1JIC.H Bpa)l(eCKI1H I1CTpe-
6MTeJIb, I<OTOpbIH OTKpbIJI orOHb npaKTH'lleCKH B yrrop, CTpC-
JHlg C paCCTO.HHI1H 10 MeTpOB.
I1YJIeMeTHbIMI1 O'llepC.l{HMI1 6bIJIO paHeHO HeCKOJIbKO 'llJIe-
HOB 3KHna)Ka, BKJIIO'lla.H KOMaH,l{I1pa Kopa6J1.H IllTa6c-Kanl1Tana
C.H. rOJIOBHHa, apTHJIJIepHM:CKOrO ocpHuepa B.A. HBaHoBa I1
IIITa6c-KarrHTaHa JIOHKO. KpoMe Toro, 6bIJI rrOBpe)l(,l{eH 60pTO-
80H ny JIeMeT BI1KKepc. ,l!pyroH JlerKHH rry JIeMeT 3aKJIl1Hl1JIO
nocJle rrepBow )Ke KOpOTKOH O'llepe,l{l1. JIeHTeHaHT A.IO. JIYTTC
OT6HJI aTaKY, BbIrrYCTHB BO Bpa)l(eCKl1H HCTpe6HTeJIb ,l.(eC.HTb
nYJIb C 6JII13KOrO paCCTO.HHl1H.
n pOTI1BHl1K cnHKHpOBaJI H nOJIeTeJI B HanpaBJIenI111 ropo-
lta TYKYMC. Bepo.HTHo, Bpa)l(eCKHH rrHJIOT rrOTepHJI caMo06JIa-
,l{aHMe H pelllHJI BbIMTM H3 60H, I1JIl1 ero CaMOJleT 6bIJI nOBpe)K-
,l{eH; y 3KHna)Ka HM -6 He 6bIJIO BpeMeHI1 npOCJIe,l{l1Tb, n Ka-
KOM HanpaBJIeHHH CHM)I(aeTC.H Bpa)KeCKHH CaMOJICT. )::lJI7I I-IHX
cMTyaUl1.H 6bIJIa Kpl1TI1'lleCKOH, rrOCKOJIbKY HM -6», KaK o6Ha-
PY)KHJIOCb n03.l{neC, nOJIY4l1JI 293 IIYJIeBble np060HHbi. OJlIla-
KO rHraHT 6JIarOnOJIY'llHO npI13eMJII1J1CH Ha a3pO,l{pOl\1e no)x
PHroH. !{aK rr03,l{Hee nCI10MI1HaJI O.l{HH 113 1.JJICHOB 3KHlIa)l(a:
402
A8ua Wl BeJlUKOU 80Ullbl
Kor.n:a TIOJIeTaellih Ha.n; MOpeM, 3eMJHI KaJKeTCR TaKOM IIpeKpaC-
Hofi .
70'KmR6pR - PYCCKHH BoeHHhIM JleT1.H1K ApI.{eYJlOB BIIep-
BhlC B PYCCKOI1 aBl1aUHOHHoH IIpaKTHKe OCBOHJI BbIBe.n;eHl1e
CaMOJIeTa 113 lllTOrrOpa. ,l!o 3TOrO .n;HR BXOJK.n:eHHe CaMOJIeTa B
IlITOnOp C1.II1TaJIOCh BCpHOH rH6eJIhIO.
3TOT ManCBp, CTaBIlIHH BrrOCJIe.n;CTBI1H O,ZJ;HOM 113 cpHryp BbIC-
iuero TII1JIOTa)l(a, TaK )l(e KaK H MepTBa IIeTJIR HeCTepOBa, 6bIJI
BbITIOJIHeH He CJIY1.Ial1no. KOHCTaHTI1H ApUey JIOB, rrOJIY1.Il1BIIII1M
Hl1JIOTCKHH lU1nJI01\o1 e e B CeHT.H6pe 1911 r., C Ha1.IaJIa BOMHhI
CJIY)KHJI B KaBaJIepl1l1 11 B aBHaUl110 BepHY JICR TOJIbKO B 1915 r.
C.n:aB 31(3aMeH Ha BoeHHoro JIeTlll1Ka B CeBaCTOrrOJIbCKOM aBl1a-
l{110HHOH llIKOJIe, OB 6bIJI IIOHa"lIaJIY B 1.II1He rrparrop I1Ka HanpaB-
JIen B 18-11 KopnycHoH aBl1aOTpR.n;, r.n;e 3aHHMaJIC.H B OCHOBHOM
B03.n:YWHOM pa3Be.n;KOM: H KoppeKTHpoBKOH apTHJIJlepl1M:CKOH
CTpeJIb6bI. B HaqaJIe 1916 r. Ha MOCKOBCKOM 3aBo.n;e L{YKC Ap-
UeYJIOB BMeCTe C KpYTeHeM rrpOBo.n;I1JI HCIIhITaHI1R OTe1.IeCTBeH-
lIoro I1cTpe611TeJIR MocKa , rrOCJIC 1.Iero OT6hIJI B 8-M aBHaUI1-
OHHbIH OTp.H.n: B Ka1.IeCTBe I1cTpe6I1TeJIR.
BoeBaJI Apu:eYJIOB .n;ep3KO 11 caMOOTBep:>KeHHO, COBepllIHJI
CBhlllie 210 60eBblx BhIJIeTOB 11 rrpOBeJI .n;o KOHua JIeTa 1916 r.
60JIee 20 B03.n:YIlIHhIX 6oeB. 3a MY:>KeCTBO 11 oTBary JIeT1.II1K 6bIJI
y.n:ocToeH fI.HTI1 op.n;eHoB 11, rrOCKOJIbKY CPpOHTY 6bIJII1 Heo6xo-
JJ,Hl\1bI YMeJIble JIeT4:I1KH-I1CTpe6I1TCJII1, 6bIJI Ha3Ha1.IeH YBO<pJIO-
TOM B CeBaCTOIIOJIbCKYIO JIeTHYIO lllKOJIY (Ha peKe Ka1.Ie) o6y-
1.IaIOI.I..{I1M ocpl1IJ.epOM KJIaCca I1CTpe6I1TeJIeM. I1MeHHo 3TOT cpaKT
11 .HBI1JIC.H pellIaIOIUHM B I1CTOpHI1 B03HI1KHOBeHHR HOBOM CPI1-
rypbI BbICIlIero rrHJIOTaJKa.
B TO BpeMR CllI1TaJIOCh, "lITO copBaBIlIHHCR B rrp0l13BOJIbHOe
BI1HTOo6pa3Hoe cBo6o.n;Hoe rra.n;eHHe CaMOJIeT y.n;ep)KaTh Y)Ke He-
B03MO)l(HO. QI1CJlO KaTaCTpo<p OT cphIBa B IIITorrop oco6eHHO
B03pOCJIO BO BpeMR BOHHbI, Kor.n;a YCJIOBI1R BbIrrOJIHeHI1R 6oe-
BbIX TIOJIeTOB Tpe60BaJlH OT JIeT1.II1KOB BbIIIOJIHeHI1R pe3KI1X
MaHeBpHpOBaHI1H IIpl1 BCTpe1.Ie C B03.n;YIIIHhIM IIpOTI1BHI1KOM.
11 Y Apu:eYJIOBa ell1e BO Bpel\1R ero 60eBOM .n;e.HTeJIbHOCTI1 PO-
.n:HJIaCb l1.n:eR 0 IIOI1CKe B3MO)KlIOCTeM: BhIBo.n;a CaMOJIeTa H3 IIITO-
nopa. I1MeHHo OKa3aBIlII1Ch Ha Y1.Ie6HOM rrOJIe rrpl1 Ka1.Il1HCKOH
1916 lOa
403
IllKOJIe, ApQey JIOB CMOr CIIOKOHHO IIOn;rOTOBHTbC K OCYll!eCTB-
JleHHIO CBOerO 3aMbICJIa.
B 11 qaCOB yrpa (24 ceHT 6p ) ApQeYJIOB nOn;H JIC B B03-
JtYx Ha CaMOJIeTe .HbIOnop- 21 M 6bICTpO Ha6paJI BbICOTY
2000 M. HecMoTpjl Ha TO, qTO on npeltynpen;HJI 0 caoeM 3aMbIC-
JIe TOJIbKO n;BYX 6JIH)KaHIlIHX n;PY3eH - I..{BeTKoBa H KanYCT-
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TeJIbHO CBaJIMJI CaMOJIeT Ha JIeBOe KpbIJIO H BBeJI B IlITOIIOp.
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Toe nHKHpOBanHe, JIerKO BbIHtl.R H3 KOToporo, BHOBb Ha6paJI
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C KOHQa OKT 6p IlITonop Y)Ke 6bIJI BBe.neH B nporpaMMY
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3epM, MyaccoHoM, IIepoHHoM H B paHoHe cpopTa Bo.
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16 oICmR6pR - 113 .l(OKJIa.z!a npe.l(Ce.l(aTeJI KOMI1CCMM no
aBHaQHOHHbIM BonpocaM B. fYPKO npH OC060M COBell.{aHHM no
o60poHe rOCY.l(apCTBa: «Y PHfH Ha npOT JKeHHH 45 BepCT <PPOH-
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4-6 opyn;HH KaJKn;a$l, CTpeJI$lIOll.{HX C 60JIbIlIOH MeTKOCTblO...
IIocJIe on;noro H3 ceHT 6pbCKMX nOJIeTOB "MYPoMeQ" BepHYJI-
C Ha 6a3Y C 293 nOBpeJKn;eHH MM, H3 KOMX MHoro 6bIJIO .l(0-
BOJIbHO cYll.{eCTBeHHbIx... lJ:0 6pocaHH$I 60M6 60JIbIlIOrO Beca
npen;CTaBJI$lJIOCb B03MOJKHbiM JIeTaTb Ha BbICOTe 1200 M, Tenepb
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404
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80Ullbl
,n;a OH 6bIJI C HaMH, BCe HCnbITbIBaJIH y,n;HBHTeJIbHOe lIYBCTBO
3allU1ll1eHHOCTH H 6e30naCHOCTI1, Be,n;b OH 6bIJI e,n;HHCTBeHHbIM
Ha CBeTe. IIoro.lta CTOHJIa OTBpaTHTeJIbHaH, BCe He60 6bIJIO 3a-
THHYTO 06JIaKaMI1. KpOMe HCTpe611TeJIeM HHKTO He JIeTaJI.
TeM He MeHee, MbI 113,n;aJIeKa YBH,n;eJIH .ltBYX HaXaJIbHbIX aH-
r JIHlIaH, KOTopble HBHO B03HaMepHJIHCb n06aJIOBaTbCH Y)Kac-
HOM noro,n;ol1. Hac 6bIJIO rneCTepo, HO ,n;a)Ke eCJIH 6bI HX 6bIJIO 11
,l{Ba,n;QaTb, MbI, HHlIYTb He 3a,n;YMbIBaHCb, nOCJIe,n;OBaJIH 6bI npH-
Ka3Y EeJIbKe aTaKOBaTb.
CXBaTKa HatJaJIaCb KaK 06bItJHO. EeJIbKe HaMeTHJI o,n;Horo,
H - .ltPyroro. Ho MIle npl111IJIOCb nponYCTI1Tb BbICTpeJI, no-
CKOJIbKY O,n;I1H H3 HallIl1X BHe3anHO nepeceK MHe ,n;opory. 51 or-
JIHHY JIC.H 11 YBI1,n;eJI, liTO EeJIbKe rOHHT CBOIO )KepTBY Hp,n;ax B
,n;BYXCTax OT MeHH. 3TO 6bIJIa npHBbIlIHaH llITYKa: OH ero no,l{-
CTpeJII1T, a .H ,n;OJI)KeH npOKOHTpOJIHpOBaTb. PH,n;OM )Ke C EeJIb-
Ke JIeTeJI O,n;I1H ero CTapbIM npl1.HTeJIb. Eopb6a CTaHOBHJIaCb Bce
HHTepecHeM, CTpeJIHJII1 Y)Ke 06a, H 6bIJIO HCHO, lJTO aHrJIl1l1a-
HI1H BOT-BOT PYXHeT. Ho neO)KI1.naHHO H 3aMeTI1JI CTpaHHbIe
HenpHBbIlIHble ,n;BH)KeHH$I .ltBYX HaIllI1X MaIllI1H H HeMe,n;JleHHO
nOH}IJI: CTOJIKHOBeHl1e. 51 e e HH pa3Y He BH,n;eJI CTOJIKHOBe-
HH.H B B03,l{yxe, H MHe Ka3aJIOCb, liTO BbIrJI}I.n;eTb OHO ,n;OJI)KHO
COBceM no- ,n;PyrOMY. BnpOlJeM, Ha caMOM ,n;eJIe TO, liTO CJIYlIH-
JIOCb, He 6bIJIO CTOJIKHOBeHHeM, a3pOnJIaHbI TOJIbKO KOCHY JII1Cb
,n;pyr ,n;pyra. Ho HaJJ.O ce6e npe,n;cTaBJI}ITb, lJTO Kor,n;a ,n;Be MallIH-
HbI I1tI.YT Ha TaKoH CKOpOCTI1, TO .lta)Ke JIerKOe COnpI1KOCHOBe-
IIHe npOH3Bo,n;HT 3q,q,eKT CTOJIKHOBeHH}I.
EeJIbKe OTOpBaJIC}I OT CBoeM )KepTBbI H nOllIeJI BHI13 1lI11pO-
KHMH KpyraMH, HO He 6bIJIO nOXO)Ke, 1JTO OH IIaJJ.aeT. 11 TOJIbKO
Kor,n;a OH npOJIeTaJI nOttO MHOH, }I C Y)KaCOM 3aMeTHJI, lJTO lJaCTb
ero KpbIJIa OTOpBaJIaCb. q TO npOH3011IJIO ,n;aJIbllIe, }I He BH.n;eJI,
HO, CKpbIBllIHCb B 06JIaKe, OH I10Tep}IJI H OCTaJIbHYIO lJaCTb KpbI-
JIa. Tenepb ero MallIHHa He MOrJIa 60JIbllIe ,n;ep)KaTbC}I B B03,n;yxe,
11 OH ynaJI, ,n;o KOHQa COnpOBO)K,l{aeMbIH CBOHM BepHbIM ,n;pyrOM.
BepHYBllIHCb Ha a3po,n;pOM, MbI 06HapY)KHJIH panopT CO
CJIOBaMI1 "EeJIbKe MepTB", HO nOBepI1Tb B 3TO 6bIJIO Tpy,n;HO.
CaMYIO y)KaCHYIO 60JIb HcnbITbIBaJI, KOHellHO, TOT, KTO 6bIJI
HeBOJIbHOH npHlJHHOI1 3Toro Y)KaCHOrO CJIYllaH. ..
1916 lOa
405
CTpaHHa.H BeIl!b: JI1060:H, KTO KorJJ:a-JII160 nCTpeqaJIC.H C
6eJIbKe, BCer,lta CqHTaJI, liTO HMeHHO OH ero JIyqIlIHH .n:pyr. 51
3HaJI, no KpaHHeH Mepe, qeJIOBeK COpOK, Ka)K,lJ,bIH H3 KOTOpbIX
Bo06paJKaJI 3TO, 6y.ltyqH YBepeHHbIM, '-ITO TOJIbKO OH O.n:HH rro-
HaCTO.HIl(eMY npHBJIeK K ce6e cep.n:lte EeJIbKe.)!aJKe JIIO.n:H, qbH
HMeHa Bo06Il(e He MOrJIH 6bITb eMY H3BeCTHbI, nepHJIM, qTO OHH
eMY HpanHJIHCb. 3TO JII06011bITHbIH cpeHOMeH, KOToporo 51 He
3aMeqaJI 60JIbIlIe no OTHOIlIeHlfIO HH K KOMY. Y BeJIbKe He 6bIJIO
BparOB, OH 6bIJI Bcer.n:a H ne3.n:e pOBeH CO BceMIf, He JJ:eJIasI HH-
KaKHX HCKJIIOqeHMH.
EJJ:HHCTBeHHbIM qeJIOBeKOM, KOTOpbIH.lteHCTBHTeJIbHO 6bIJI
K HeMY HeMHoro 6JIHJKe, qeM OCTaJIbHbIe, 6bIJI TOT, rro qbeM He-
CqaCTHOH BlfHe BeJIbKe rrorH6. HHqTO He COBepIlIaeTC 6e3
EOJKHeH nOJIH - H 3TO 6bIJIO e.n:HHCTBeHHbIM YTeIlIeHHeM, co-
rpeBaBIlIHM Hac BO BpeM 3TOH BOHHbI .
)KH3Hb OCBaJIb.lta EeJlbKe npepBaJIaCb Ha 25-M ro.n:y JKH3HH,
B pe3YJIbTaTe TparHqeCKOrO CTOJIKHOBeHH5I n n03.ltyxe C Ma11111-
HOM ero JI IlIerO .ltpyra - 3pBHHa DOMe. K MOMeHTY cBoeM fH-
6eJIH EeJIbKe 6bIJI cpeAH fIHJIOTOn-I1CTpe6HTeJIeM a6COJIIOTIIbIM
aBTopHTeToM. Ero xpa6pOCTb BbI3bIBaJIa YBIDKeHHe .ltaJKe Y Bpa-
rOB. BetJepOM B .lteHb ero fH6eJIH Ha a3pOApOM IIepBoro HCTpe-
6HTeJIbHOrO COe.ltMHeHH5I aHrJIHMCKHM CaMOJIeT c6pOCI1JI BbIM-
neJI. l-Ia,nnHcb Ha HeM rJIaCHJIa: B naM5ITb 0 KarrMTaHe BeJIbKC,
HallieM MYjI(eCTBeHHOM H 6JIaropO.llHOM conepHHKe, OT 6pHTaH-
CKHX KOpOJIeBCKHX B03.n:ymHbIx CHJI . Ha cqeT)' EeJIbKe B MO-
MeHT rH6eJIM 6bIJIO YJKe 40 a3pOnJIanOB rrpoTHBHHKa! OH 6blJI
a6cOJIIOTHbIM JIH.ltepoM Ha 3TOT MOMeHT cpe.ltH HCTpe6HTeJIeH.
22 oICmR6pR - 12-51 HCTpe6HTeJIbHa.H rpynrra AHCTOB
npOBeJIa 49 B03.ltYIIIHbIX 60eB! Ho cppaHQY3cKHe JIeTlIHKH He
TOJIbKO O.ltepJKMBaJIH n06e.ltbI; JIHIlIb 3a CeHT.H6pb-OKT5I6pb
<ppaHltY3CKtuI aBHaQMR nOTepRJIa 87 CaMOJIeTOB.
24oICmR6pR - cDpaHQY3bI OT6HJIH BIDKHbIM B TaKTHlIeCKOM
OTHOIlIeHMH <pOpT J(YOMOH.
A B POCCMH Bce npo.ltOJIJKaJIH 6HTbC.H Ha,n pemeHHeM Tex-
HHtJeCKHX H npotJHX np06JIeM. 113 OTHOIlleHH.H HaqaJIbHHKa
YBB<I> OT (25 OKT.H6p.H) 1916 r. BeJIHKOMY KH.H3IO AneKcaH.n:py
MHXaHJIOBWlY: nonbITKH 3aKa3aTb KOJIJIMMaTOpbI B POCCHH
406
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80Ullbl
6bIJIH C,n;eJIaHbI, HO HH O,n;HH 3aBO,n; H MaCTepCKasI 3a STOT 3aKa3
He 6paJIHCb .
OrcyrcTBHe HaJJ;eiKHblx npHQeJIOB CTaBHJIO PYCCKHX JIeTtIH-
KOB B HepaBHble YCJIOBH.H B 60pb6e C HeMeQKHMH HCTpe6HTeJI$I-
MH, HMeBllIHMH xopOlliHe QeMCOBCKHe OnTH':IeCKHe IIpH60pbI.
B PYCCKOM aBHal!HH ,n;o CHX nop TaK H He 6blJIa pellieHa 3a-
,n;a':la BoopY:>KeHH$I. KpoMe Toro, B PYCCKHX aBHa':laCT.HX Me:>K,n;y
IIHJIOTaMH pa3JIH':IHOrO npOHCXO:>K,n;eHH» HapaCTaJIa Hanp$l:>KeH-
HOCTb, KOTOpasl B Mae CJIe,n;YIOIl!ero fo,n;a npHBe,n;eT K rH6eJIH
HM-1 co BceM SKHna:>KeM.
KOMaH,n;HpbI aBHaQHOHHbIX ,n;HBH3HOHOB, COXpaH$I$I KaCTO-
BYIO 3aMKHYTOCTb ocpHl!epOB, 3aJJ;epiKHBaJIH npHCBoeHHe O<pH-
QepCKHX 3BaHHM JIeTllHKaM H3 HH:>KHHX ':IMHOB . HeCMOTp$l Ha
TO, ':ITO MHorMe JIeTllMKM H3 COJI,n;aT HMeJIM MHOrO':lHCJIeHHble
60eBble BbIJIeTbI, 6bIJIM Harpa:>K,n;eHbI feoprMeBCKHMM KpeCTa-
MH, HX He npOH3Bo,n;MJIH B npanopIl!HKH . O,n;HaKO, nOJIO:>Ke-
HHe C o<pHQepCKHMH Ka,n;paMH CTaHOBHJIOCb KpHTH':IeCKHM, H
KOMaH,n;OBaHHe BbIHY:>K,n;eHO 6bIJIO IIpMH.HTb MepbI. I1pHKa3 OT
(70KT$l6p.H) 1916 r. rJIaCHJI: TaKoe .HBJIeHHe COBepllIeHHO He-
,n;onycTMMo, TaK KaK OHO CTaBHT STMX HH:>KHMX ':IHHOB, ':IeCTHO H
u
C OTJIH':IHeM BblnOJIH$lIOll{MX CBOM ,n;OJIf, B xy,n;llIHe YCJIOBH.H ,n;JI$I
,n;OCTHiKeHH$I o<pHQepCKOro 3BaHH , qeM aTO YCTaHOBMJIOCb B
,n;pyrMx po,n;ax 0pY:>KH.H..
HanpMMep, JIeT':IHK-COJI,n;aT 2-ro cH6HpCKoro aBMaOTp.H,n;a,
6bIBllIMM pa60':lHM I1YTMJIOBCKOro 3aBo,n;a, A.f. MOpTMpOB C
1915 r. cOBepllIHJI OKOJIO 600 60eBbIx BbIJIeTOB. 3a no,n;BHrH B
BOMHe nOJIytIHJI TPH feoprneBcKHx KpeCTa. B Ha':lane 1917 r. no-
JIY':IHJI ':IHH nopY':lHKa, BCKope nOCJIe SToro 6bIJI Harpa)J(,lI,eH op-
,lI,eHOM BJIaJJ;HMHpa IV CTeneHH H 30JIOTbIM feoprHeBcKHM opY-
:>KHeM. O.ltHaKo .ltaJIbHeMllIero npo.ltBH:>KeHH.H no cJIY:>K6e He HMeJI.
KpoMe Toro, JIeTllHK-COJI.ltaT nOJIY':IaJI 90 py6. B MeC$lQ, JIeT-
':IHK-0<pJ-u.{ep, BblnOJIH.HBllIMM TY :>Ke pa60TY - 300 Py6. :>KaJIO-
BaHb$l H He MeHee 200 Py6. TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIX 3aJIeTHbIX .lteHer*;
· 33JICTllbIMH >.) lIa3bl B3JlHCb JlCllbrH, BblllJlalfH BaCMhlC JICTLfH KY-OC!nII1CPY
3a COBCplllCIIHC 60CBbiX (COllp )f(CllllbIX C OlJaCIIOCTblO JlJI )KH3I1H), CJIY)f(c6-
IIblX (110 IICOTJIO)f(IIOMY IIpHKa..1aIlHI0 KOMaIlJlOBaIlH ) H oxpallllblX IIOJICTOB,
4: KorJla OIiH COBcplllaIOTC}I 110 IIpHKa3allHI0 KOMallJlYlou.!cro apMHcH IIJlU JII-lIla,
paBlioro CMY 110 IvaaCTH..
1916 lOa
407
Bcero - 500 Py6. CTOJIb CYIl{eCTBeHHoe pa3JIH"IHe B OrrJIaTe
o,n;HHaKoBoH pa60TbI He MOrJIO He BbI3BaTb aHTarOHH3Ma Me)K-
,n;y JIeTqHKaMH.
HOH6Pb
C <t>eBpaJI$I ,n;o HO$l6p 1916 r. B 22-x Harra,n:eHH$lX Ha AHr-
JlHIO yqaCTBOBaJIO 123 QerrneJIHHa, KaKOBhIMH 6bIJIO c6pollleHo
120 T 60M6, rrorH6JIo 1913 6pHTaHQeB H 692 6bIJIO paHeHO. B 3TO
)l(e BpeM$I o,n;HaKO 6bIJIO YHHqTO)KeHO Han; AHrJIHeH 13 uennc-
JlHHOB,5 H3 HHX HCTpe6HTeJI$lMH, OCnaIl{eHHbIMI1 nYJIeMeTaMI1
C 3a)KHraTeJlbHbIMH ny JI$lMH. CBepx 3Toro ,n;aJIee 6bIJIO nOTep -
HO 11 ,n;l1pH)Ka6JIeH H3-3a nOBpe)K,n;eHHH, OrH$ll1JlH BbIHY)I(,l{eH-
-HOH rrOCa,l{KH. AnrJIHHCKCUI B03lJ:YIlIUa51 o60poHa, KOTOpa51 3a-
ll{Hll.{aJIaCb cHcTeMoH rrpoTHBOCaMOJIeTHbIX nyrneK, CBCTOBhIX
H 6aJIJIOHHbIX 3arpa)l(,n;eHHH, Ha6JIIO,n;aTeJlbHbIX nOCTOB TaK )Ke
KaK H OTpH,n;aMH HOqIIbIX HCTpe6HTeJIeH, HaHeCJIa CTOJlb T5I)I(e-
JIbIH ypOH uenneJIHHaM, qTO BepxoBHoe KOMaHlI.OBaHHe H a,n;-
MHpaJIbCKHH IlITa6, B qbHX pYKax npe)K,n;e Bcero HaXOlI.HJIOCb
60M6aplJ:HpOBaHHe, YBH,n;eJIH ce6$1 npHHY)I(,n;eHHbIMH K npeKpa-
Il{eHHIO no,n;06HbIX Harra,n:eHHH. * 3Ta <t>a3a ,l(aJIbHeH BOHHbI 3a-
KOHllHJIaCb KpyrneHHeM J{HpH)Ka6JI5I KaK 0pY)KH5I Hana,n:eHHH.
BC$I HCTpc6HTeJIbHaH rpyrrrra AHCTOB , COCT05lBrna51 Ha
lJ:aHHbIH MOMeHT H3 BOCbMl1 3CKa,n:pHJIHti, 6bIJIa pa36HTa Ha ,n;Be
rpynrrbI rro qeTbIpe 3cKa,n;pHJIbH, nOJIHOCTblO BoopY)KeHHbIe
qCITA,L{aMH . ITepBaH HCTpe6HTeJIbHa$l rpynrra 6bIJIa Ha3BaHa
rpynrroH 5poKapa HJII1 rpynnoH KaIlIM, rro MecTY CBoero 6a3H-
pOBaHHH 6JIH3 AMbena.
B caMOM HaqaJIe 3Toro MeC5Iua H3-3a CHJIbHOrO BeTpa npH
nOCa]J.Ke B 12-11 I1cTpe6l1TeJIbHOH rpynrre 6blJIO pa36HTo 10 ca-
MOJIeTOB.
1 HOR6pR - BbI,n;ep)KKa H3 rrpHKa3a rro 7 -ii apMI1H, lJ:aTH-
pOBaHHOM (19 OKTH6p5I) 1916 r.:
· PYKOBOJlHTCJlh MOpCKHMH BO:iJlYlllllhlMH CYJlaMH, KOpBCT-KaIlHTali TICTCp
IIlTpacccp CIIlC 10 aBrycTa 1916 r. yncpcllilo 3as.IBJI JI, LfTO All I'JHU{ MOrJIa 6hlTh
DblDcJlCJla H:i BoHllbI 6JlarOJlapSf MaCCHpOlJallllblM 60M6apJ1I 1 pOBKaM C B03JlY-
xa, J!JISf Lfcro COBCTOaaJI YCTalloBHTb TCppOp IIpCJKJlC Bccro IJpOTHa rpaJKJlall-
CKoro lIaCCJICliliSf.
408
A8Ua UR BellUKOU 80UHbl
Op,lteHOM CB. feoprnjl IV CTeneHH Harp(l)K,ltaeTCjI IlITa6c-
KanHTaH H BoeHHbIH nHJIOT A.B. TIaHKpaTbeB, KOMaH,ltHp nep-
Boro 60eBoro OTpjl,lta 8BK H KOMaHJJ;Hp "I1JIbH MYPOMl1a-2 cc
3a 60eBbIe BbIJIeTbI 17, 18 Ma H 7,8 HIOHjI 1916 r. H B03,ltyW-
HhIe pa3Be.n:bIBaTeJIbHbIe nOJIeTbI B paHoHe 5I3JIOBua H Byqaqa.
lllTa6c-KanHTaH TIaHKpaTbeB JIHqHO COBepmaJI nOJIeTbI Ha
,,11M -2" B YCJIOBHjlX CHJIbHOrO apTHJIJIepHHCKoro orH H ,lJ,a-
BaJI Tot.JHbIe OTt.JeTbI 0 qHCJIe H .n:Hcn03HI..{HH BpaJKeCKHX 6aTa-
peti, TaKJKe, KaK BpaJKeCKHX n03HUHH Ha 6eperax peKH CTpeJIb-
UbI. Bo BpeM$l60jl (18) MaJI 1916 r. OH 06HapY:>KHJI OTCYTCTBHe
BpaJKeCKHX pe3epBOB B paHoHe PycCHJIOBa, H BepHO ,ltOJIO:>KHJI
o npHt.JHHax .n:BHJKeHHjI BpajKeCKHX BOHCK. 8Ta pa3Be.n;bIBaTeJIb-
Ha HHcpopMal..{HjI nOMOrJIa HaM npe,ltnpHH Tb .n:aJIbHeHIlIHe
.n;eHCTBH$I, KOTopbIe YBeHqaJIHCb ycneXOM.
BOM6ap,ltHpOBKa H nYJIeMeTHbIH orOHb H3 "YlM-2" HaHec-
JIH nOTepH npOTHBHHKY H BbIHy.n;HJIH ero K HeopraHH30BaHHO-
MY HacTynJleHHIO. BCJIe,ltcTBHe npjlMbIX nonaJ.(aHHM HaqaJIHCb
nO:>KapbI B ropo,lte .H3JIOBel..{, KOTOpbIH n03.n;Hee 6bIJI B3 T Pyc-
CKHMH BOHcKaMH. OH pa3pYIlIHJI TaK)Ke ,ltOpO)KHOe nOJIOTHO K
3ana,lty OT )KeJIe3HO,lt0p0)KHOM CTaHl1HH Byqaq, KOTOpbIM 3aTeM
6bIJI OCTaBJIeH npoTHBHHKOM. nOcpe.n;cTBoM TOqHOrO nYJIeMeT-
Horo orH OH BbIBeJI H3 CTpOH Bpa)KecKYIO 3eHHTHYlO 6aTapeIO,
CTpeJI BIlIYIO no ero CaMOJIeTY H OroHJI aTaKY Bpa)KeCKOrO HC-
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JleTa OH c.n;eJIaJI <poTorpa<pHH BpaJKeCKHX n03HQHit 3TH <pOTO-
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1916 zoa
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ro.n:a, BeJJ;b eme TOJlbKO B MapTc 1916 r. rrepeJleT Ha BblCOTe
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1916 lOa
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XOTbI, apTHJIJIepMM 11: npO'II1X BoeUHbIX ueJIei1, a B03lI.YIIIHble 60H
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l!HM nO nHJIaCb, a 3aTeM CTaJIa Y)Ke ueJIeHanpaBJIeHHO nJIaHH-
pOBaTbC HOBa5I caMOCTO TeJlbHa c<pepa <ppOHTa - 60Pb6a
3a B03lI.YIIIHoe rOcnO.lI.CTBO. ABHal!M rrOJIHOCTbIO npHcTynMJIa
K caMOCTO TeJIbHbIM 60eBbIM J{ei1cTBM M.
BbIJIH Y BeplI.eHcKoi1 M coPy6KM M n0601.IIIble OTpI1Qa-
TeJIbHble BJIeHM .
<1>paHQY3CKoe npan I1TeJIbCTBO 11 r JIaBHOKOMaH,n:YIOll(I1H
)Ko<pcpp 3aBep JIH, 1.ITO C HaqaJIa 1916 r. B POCCHIO 6Y.lI.eT ,n:OC-
TaBJIeHO 3HaQl1TeJIbHOe KOJIH'IeCTBO CaMOJIeTOB 11 lI.BI1raTeJIeH.
1-10 <DpaHl!H He CMOrJIa BblnOJIHMTb CBOI1X 06ell1aHHi1. B 60 x
no,n: BeplI.eHOM <ppaHl!Y3CKa5I aBHal!l1 nOHeCJIa T J)KeJIble no-
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napaTOB Ka)K.lI.a , lI.OlIIJIM lI.O OlI.HOro-,n:BYX, TO eCTb 3a 3 Mec ua
nOTep JIH na OlI.HOM KoppeKTHpOBaHHI1 CTpeJIb6bI cBoeM apTMJI-
JIepl1M OKOJIO 85% MaIllHH.
21 iJeKa6pR - HeBHlI.aHHble )f(epTBbI nolI. BeplI.eHOM 11 Ha
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HH nOMOll(M PYMbIHl1:11 nOKoJIe6aJIM aBTopHTeT )l(o<p<ppa. B
lI.eKa6pe OH nOlI.aJI B OTCTaBKY, 11 6bIJI 3aMeHeH reHepaJIOM HI1-
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lI.eHOM.
113 nl1CbMa reHepaJIa HI1BeJI KOMaH.lI.YIOll(eMY 6pHTaHCKH-
MM BoeHHbIMI1 CI1JIaMI1 BO <1>paHQHI1 ,l!yrJIacy Xei1ry: B Ha-
cTynJIeHHM 1917 r. <ppaHKO-aHrJII1i1cKl1e apMHH ,n:OJI)KIibI CTpe-
MI1TbC K YHI1QTO)KeHI1IO r JIaBHOH MaCCbI HenpH TeJIbCKI1X ap-
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lI.OCTl1rHYT TOJIbKO npH nOMOIUH pellIHTCJIbHOrO Cpa)KeHII5I,
KOTopoe MbI ,n:OJI)KHbI Ha'IaTb C 3HaqMTeJIbHbIM QMCJIelUIbIM ne-
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1916 lOa
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pa BbI611JIO rnpanHeJIbIO OKHa B XaJIyne BTOpOt! 6aTapeH 11 y6HJIO
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UTOfU KAMTIAHUU 1916 ro a
B KaMnaHI1I1 1916 rO.lI.a JiI1 O.lI.Ha 113 CTOpOH He OCYIl.{eCTBI1-
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KOJIOCCaJIbHbIe B03MO)KHOCTH... PyccKl1e YCTynaJIl1 Henpl1 Te-
1110 no BceM BI1.lI.aM BoeHHoro CHap JKeHI1H; COCTO HHe I1X TpaHC-
nopTa 6bIJIO nJIaqeBHbIM...
IT pe.lI.CTOHI.UI1H Kpax PYMblllHH H POCCI1I1lJ.OJI)I(Cn 6bIJI ,llaTb
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6bIJIa naCTb Ha 06e KpynHeHIlII1e npOMblrnJIeHHbIe .lI.ep)KaBbI
422
A8uau,Wl BeJlu'Kou 80U1lbl
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nOJIHMTeJIbHYIO nOMOIUb, KOTOpylO OHM MOrJIM nOJIYtlMTb B
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fepMaHM.SI npO)KMBaJIa Y)KaCHYIO ,,3MMY penbI". B fepMaHMM
6bIJI Heypo)KaH KapTOQ>eJI.SI M HaCeJIeHMe fepMaHMM .lI.OJI)KHO 6bIJIO
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HbIH rOJIO.lI. 6bIJI nOaTOMY HaM60JIee MOII.1HbIM 0pY.lI.MeM BOHHbI.
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MOrJIM 6bITb no6MTbI B CMJIY He.lI.OCTaTKa npO.lI.OBOJIbCTBM.SI MJIM
He06xo.lI.MMbIX BoeHHbIX MaTepHaJIOB; C J(PyroH CTOpOHbI QeHT-
paJIbHble .lI.ep)KaBbI He MOrJIM n06e.lI.MTb, 6Y.lI.YtlM OTpe3aHbI OT
pecypCOB Bcero OCTaJIbHOrO MMpa. STOT paCqeT 6ecnOII.1Cl.lI.eH, HO
Be.lI.b BC.SIKaR BOMHa eCTb opraHH30BaHHaH JKeCTOKOCTb.
...TIO.lI.BO.lI.HaR BOHHa HaHeCJIa cepbe3HbIe nOTepH HameMY
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06pa30BaHM.SI CnJIOillHbIX cppOHTOB M xapaKTepM30BaJIMCb no-
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HbIX aCKa.lI.pMJIMH .lI.O 35, no 14 CaMOJIeTOB B KIDK.lI.OH.
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xe .SIBJI.SIeTC.SI O.lI.HMM H3 OCHOBHbIX YCJIOBMH ycnexa 60eBbIx .lI.eH-
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npoTHBOB03.lI.ymHoH 060POHbI M CB.SI3H.
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HbIX YtlaCTKaX <ppoHTa.
1916 lOa
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B M3.lI.aHHOM B KOHQe 1916 r. B PYCCKOH apMHH rrpoeKTe
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meM PYCCKMM M 3apy6e)KHbIH onbIT, 6bIJIO CKaJaHO CJIel1YIOIl!ee:
Ycrrex 60pb6bI 3a rocnO.lI.CTBO B B03.lI.yxe Tpe6yeT cocpe-
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,l1JI:HTeJIbHOe Harrp )KeHlle.
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HarneM <ppOHTe HeB03MO)KHO, HO MO)KHO JJ:OCTMrH)'Tb 3Toro roc-
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ro,l1ap 60M6ap.lI.MpOBaHHIO rJIy60Koro TbIJIa rrpoTHBHHKa, - ,n;e-
MOpaJIM30BaTb rpIDKJ(aHcKoe HaCeJIeHHe H ,lte30praHH30BaTb BO-
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JJ;YIlIHble cy,n;a CJIY)l(HBIlllle B 1916 r. MOrJIJ1 HeCTI1 ,n;o 4 T rpY3a,
a CaMOJIeTbI rOTa G-4 , rrpe,n;Ha3HaqeHHble cneQMaJIbHO ,lI)I5I
HCrrOJIb30BaHH B l1aJIbHHX HaIIa,n;eUM5IX, - B JIyqIlleM CJIYllae
200 Kr. O,n;HaKo, XOT rpY30no,n;'beMHOCTb CaMOJIeTOB 6bIJIa He-
3HaqHTeJIbHoM, CaMOJIeTbI 6bIJIM 6blcTpee M npe,n;CTaBJI5IJIH JI)1.H
npoTHBoB03,n;YllIHOH 060POHbI rrpaKTH'-IecKM He,nocTyrrHYIO no
TeM BpeMeHaM QeJIb, ,n;OCTHr£UI BbICOTbI e,n;Ba JIH He 4,5 TbIC. M
npoTHB MaKCHMaJIbHO B03MO)KHOH ,n;JI QerrneJIHHOB 4 TbICRq.
KpoMe Toro, ueOrreJIHH "PH 6JIarOOpJ1 THbIX YCJlOBH5IX Mor
pa3BHBaTb CKOpOCTb He 60JIec 100 KM/qaC, rOTa G-4 OT 135
JJ:O 140 KM/qac.
424
A6uau,UR BellUKOU 60U1tbl
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o TOM, KaKYIO BaJKHOCTb npM.n;aBaJI repMaHCKMM llITa6 3TMM
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MaHM5I nOCTpOMJIa B 1916 r. Bcero 8182 CaMOJIeTa, M3 HMX 565
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B KOHQe 1916 r. aHrJIMqaHe TaK)Ke nOCTpOMJIll CBOH 60M-
6ap.n;l1poB MK - J{BYXMOTOPHbIM 6MnJIaH «X3H.n;JIM- TI3M.n;jJ( ,
KOTOpbIM no BHellIHMM .n;aHHbIM OqeHb HanOMMHaJI «l1JlblO
MypOMQa .
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3TOM ro.n;y BbICbIJIaJIOCb .n;o 12 MCTpe6MTeJIeM Ha Ka)K.n;oro Ha-
6JIlo.n;aTeJI5I. .
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M repMaHMIO B C03.n;aHMM T5I)KeJIbIX CaMOJIeTOB, Ha060poT, CTa-
paJIl1Cb C03.n;aTb c06cTBeHHbIe MCTpe6MTeJIM. B KOHQe 1916 r.
na PBB3 6bIJIM nocTpoeHbI nepBbIe MCTpe6MTeJIM KOHCTPYK-
QMM CMKopcKoro, npe.n;Ha3HatleHHbIe npejJ(.n;e Bcero, .n;JI5I conpo-
BO)K.n;eHM5I «MypOMQeB . OHM 6bIJIM BoopYjJ(eHbI CMHXpOHHbIM
nYJIeMeTOM, MMeJIM CKOpOCTb 160 KM/qac. O.n;HaKo MX KOJIMqe-
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JIeKO He Bce .n;eMCTBMTeJIbHO .n;06paJIMCb .n;o I10JIeM Cpa)KeHMH.
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1916 r. Ha PBB3 M 42 HOBbIX MYPOMQa YJIyqllIeHHbIX MO.n;M-
cpMKaQMM, M3 KOTOpbIX HaqaJIbHMK 3BK npM3HaJI 17 «BnOJIHe
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1916 lOa
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TeJIbCTBOM npOrpaMMY cHa6iKeHM5I apMI1M CaMOJICTaMM IIa
1916 r. OHa npe,l(YCMaTpHBaJIa nOTpe6HOCTb .n.eMCTBYIOIl{Cti
apMnH ,n:o 1 HHBapH 1917 r. B 1886, a C 1 HHBapSI 110 1 MIOH5I
1917 r. ell.{e B 1400 CaMOJleTax. IIHencKH.H. YTBep)KJ1aJI, "ITO Bce
3TO KOJIM"IeCTBO annapaTOB OTHOCl1TCSI K HOBeHlIll1M Tl1naM, no-
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3a STOT )Ke CpOK (OT Hat.JaJla BOHHbI .n.o 1 HOSI6p51 1916 r.)
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JIeTa H 920 ,n:BHraTeJleM:. JIH cpaBHeHHH - <ppaHQY3CKaJI aBltla-
npOMblllIJIeHHOCTb nOCTpOMJIa TOJIbKO B 3TOM ro,n:y 7552 caMO-
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,n:yxOTIJlaBaTeJlbHbIx IIIKOJI.
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B KOIlQe 1916 r. aBHaQIiOHHbIe tJaCTI1 B POCCMM HMeJIH TOJIb-
KO 30% He06xo,l{HMOrO "IHCJIa TeXII}p.leCKM rpaMOTHblX Mcxa-
HHKOB H MOTOpHCTOB.
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"IeM, JIeT"IHKH-COJI,l{aTbI, COCTaBJIHBIlIHe OKOJIO 30% JIeTHOrO
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Jl5IJII1 40 %.
B KOHQe 1916 r. BeJIHKMH KHH3b AneKcaHltp MMXaMJIOBH.tJ
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ro: ,l{JISI nOnOJIHeHH y6blJIH JIeT4HKoB-0<pMQepOB B aBHaQH-
OHHbIX 1.JaCT X H JJ:JIH HOBbIX <pOpMl1pOBaBHH B 1917 r. nOTpe-
6yeTcH Ha3Ha"IHTb 8 aBHaQHOHHbIe IlIKOJIbI 494 o<pMQepa . B
aBHaQl110 HanpaBJIHIOTCSI 113 "IacTeii o<pHQepbI «He BnOJIHe CO-
OTBeTCTBYlOmHe no CBOHM CJIY)KC6IIbIM H HpaBCTBeHHbIM I<:a-
"IeCTBaM CJIO)KHOCTH M Cepbe31I0CTM Tex 3a,n:atJ, KOTopbIe BbIna-
.n.alOT Ha 110JIIO JICTt.JMKa H JIeTt.IHKa-Ha6JII0.l1aTeJI . BeJIMKHH
A8uau,UR BeJlU1COU 80UHbl
426
KHSl3b npOCHJI OT,n;aTb paCnOpSl)KeHHe BOHHCKHM HaqaJIbHHKaM
KOMaH,n;HpOBaTb B aBHaUHIO BnOJIHe ,n;OCTOMHbIX o<pHuepOB,
npe,n;CTaBJISISI Ha KaH,n;H,n;aTOB aTTecTaUHH, 3a COOTBeTCTBHe
KOTOpbIX OTBeqalOT KOMaH,n;HpbI qaCTeH., a TaKiKe pa3pellIaTb
npHKOMaH,n;HpOBaHHe K aBHaUHOHHbIM OTpSl,n;aM, HCKJIlOqa.sI
HCTpe6HTeJIbHbIe, ,n;BYX ( ce,n;bMoro H BOCbMoro) CBepXllITaTHbIX
na6JIIO)(aTeJIeM. IIocJIe,n;H$lSI Mepa OCHOBbIBaJIaCb Ha npe,n;nOJIO-
)l(eHHH ,n;OBeCTH B 1917 r. tIHCJIO CaMOJIeTOB B KIDK,l!OM OTpSl,n;e C
6-TH)(0 10-TH. Ho OCHOBHOH CMbICJI panopTa 3aKJIIOqaJICSI B TOM,
tlT06bI Bcer.lI.a HMeTb rOTOBbIH Ka.n:p KaK ,l{JISI KOMaH,n;HpOBa-
HHSI B aBHauHOHHbIe llIKOJIbI, TaK H ,n;JI$I 3aMe eHHH ,l{OJI)I(HO-
CTeH llITaTHbIX Ha6JIIO,l{aTeJIeH, Ha3HaqaeMbIX BO BHOBb <pop-
MHpyeMbIe OTpSl,n;bI . Mepa 3Ta, no MbICJIH BeJIHKOrO KHSl3S1,
.lI.OJI)KHa 6bIJIa n03BOJIHTb .H36eiKaTb KOMaH,l{HpOBaHHSI 04>H-
u u
uepOB HenOCpe)(CTBeHHO H3 BOHCKOBbIX qaCTeH B aBHaUHOH-
HbIe llIKOJIbI... H ,n;aTb B03MOiKHOCTb llIHpe npHMeH Tb OTCJIaH-
BaHHe Hecnoco6HbIX H He,l{OCTOMHbIX..
B 3TOM ro,n;y npOllIJIO o6yqeHHe OKOJIO 250 PYCCKHX JIeTqH-
KOB * BO <I>paHUHH, o,n;HaKO ,n;aJIeKO He Bce OHH 6bIJIH HanpaB-
JIeHbI 06paTHO B POCCHIO. IIocJIe OKOHqaHHH Kypca H c,n;aqH
3K3aMeHa pYCCKHe OQ>HIJ;epbI B TeqeHHe Tpex MecRueB CTa)KH-
pOBaJIHCb npH 60eBbIX qaCTRX <I>paHIJ;Y3CKOH apMHH. K KOHUY
3Toro rO,l{a Ha 3anadHoe8pOneUCKOM meampe BOeBaJIO OKOJIO 200
PYCCKHX JIeTqHKOB-HcTpe6HTeJIeH.
KpoMe Toro, nOCJIe Hey,n;aqHOH faJIHnOJIHHCKOH onepaUHH
BO <DpaHUHH C03.lI.aBaJICSI HOBbIH 3Kcne,n;HIJ;HoHHbIH Kopnyc .lI.JI
DJIH)I(HerO BOCTOKa. <DpaHUY3cKoe KOMaH,n;OBaHHe, omym aH
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COJI,n;aT B COCTaB ,l{BYX caMOCTOSlTeJIbHbIX aBHaOTp ,l{OB B 3KC-
ne,n;HUHoHHbIH Kopnyc MapllIaJIa cI>paHllIe ,l{'3cnepe. B KOHue
1916 r. OHH 6bIJIH nepe6pollIeHbI Ha rpeqeCKHH OCTpOB Kopcpy.
3aTeM nepenpaBHJIHCb Ha CaJIOHHKCKHH aapO,l{poM.
IIpo,l{oJI:>KaJIO nOBbIlllaTbC$I B 3TOM ro,n;y KaqeCTBO KoppeK-
THPOBOqHOM aBHaUHH. ,
B PYCCKHX aBHaIJ;HOHHbIX OTpH,l{aX HaXO,l{HJIOCb Y>Ke 132
· Bccro 80 <I>pallllHI1 B 1916 r. nOJlrOTOBHJlJ1 2700 JlCTtfHKOB pa3l1blX 1131(HO-
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1916 lOa
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QI10HHOH llIKOJIe 6bIJI C<pOpMHpOBaH 2-H apTHJIJIepHHCKHH
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pbIBe 060POHbI aBCTpO-BeHrepCKHX BOHCK lIO,n; KOHloxaMH, 6JIH3
TapHOnOJIH.
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CHH)KaJIO ero 3<p<peKTHBHOCTb. TOJIbKO B KOHue 3Toro rOJ.\a B
PYCCKOH apMHH CTaJIH npHMeHSlTbCH ,n;JISI 3TOH ueJIH CaMOJICTbI
Bya3eH C l{BHraTeJISlMl1 B03,n;YllIHoro OXJIa)Kl{eIIHSI MO IIO-
CTbIO 150 JI. c.
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B03JJ.YllIHOH 060POHbI.
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lIpe,n;cTaBJISlBliiaR C060H UeJIYIO cI1cTeMY ilBO oT,n;eJIbHbIX ro-
pOllOB H Ba)KHbIX BoeHHbIX 06'beKTOB, COCTO Il{aR H3 3eHHTHoH
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)KeKTOpOB H IIp.
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aBHaTopaMH 6bIJIO CO)K)KeHO 6 PYCCKHX aapOCTaTOB. iloaToMY
,n;JISI 60pb6bI C MCTpe6HTeJISlMH lIpOTHBHHKa B MeCTax lIo,n;'beMa
aapOCTaTOB YCTaHaBJIHBaJIHCb nYJIeMeTbI H 3eHHTHble nYUIKH.
CHJIbHO B03pOCJIa pOJIb aBl1aUHH B 60Pb6e Ha Mope.
PYCCKHH DaJITHHCKHH <pJIOT K HaqaJIY aToro ro,n;a HMeJI JJ.O
40 CaMOJIeTOB, KOTopbIe HHTenCHBIIO BeJIH pa3Be,n;KY H 60Pb6y
C CaMOJIeTaMH npoTHBHHKa, 11 pa3 HalIOCHJIH YI apbI no Kopa6-
JIHM B Mope, a TaK)Ke no 6eperOBbIM 06'beKTaM. KpOMe Toro
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428
ABuau,UR BeJlUKOU BOU1tbl
rrpOTI1BOB03,n:YIllHYIO 060POHY. PYCCKHe JIeT1.JHKH MOpCKOH
aBHaQHH rrpOBeJIH B 3TOM ro,n:y 20 B03,n:YIllHbIX 6oeB, C6HJIH 6
CaMOJIeTOB npOTHBHI1Ka H nOTep5IJIH 3 CBOHX.
B EaJITHHCKOM Mope 6bIJIH TaKIKe YCTaHOBJIeHbI npOTHBO-
a3pOITJIaHHble 6aTapeH, Ha6JIIO,n:aTeJIbHble nOCTbI, C03,n:aH Pe-
BeJIbCKHI1 pal10H npOTHBOB03,n:yrnHoM 060POHbI.
AKTHBHO ,n:eI1CTBOBaJIa pYCCKa5I rH,n:poaBHaQH5I H Ha Py-
MbIHCKOM cPpoHTe.
1916 ro,n: nporneJI no,n: 3HaKOM BbIxo,n:a aBHaUJ1H H3 Bcno-
MOraTeJIbHOrO BI1,n:a BoopY)KeHl15I B caMOCT05ITeJIbHbIM po,n:
BOI1CK.
1917 lOa
429
1917 ro
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UIiM, IIOJIblIll1, 1.IaCTI1 n pIi6aJITI1KH 11 BeJIopyccl111 11 no6eJ{bI
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UIiI1 OCTaBaJIOCb T )f(eJIbIM. «BHJ{bI Ha 6y J{Yll1ee 6bIJII1 qpe3BbI-
qaHnO cepbe3HbI... a Harne nOJIOJKenMe qpe3BbIQaHIIO 3aTpYJ{-
HMTeJIbHbIM 11 n01.ITI1 6e3BbIxoJJ.HbIM... Harne nOpa)KeHl1e Ka3a-
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C03.lI.aHHbI 'I aHrJII1HCKI1M <pJIOTOM CTaHOBI1JIC Bce 60JIee HeBbI-
HOCIiM. fepMaHCKaH KOaJIHUI1$1 C TPYJJ:OM cJ{ep)KHBaJIa HaTI1CK
AHTaHTbI y)Ke B npe.lI.rnecTBYlOlltylO KaMnaH1110 11 .lI.a)Ke npeJ!-
npl1H JIa nOTIbITKY HaqaTb MHpHble neperOBOpbl. O.lI.HaKO ne-
perOBopbI He COCTO JII1Cb. nOJIO)l(eHHe OCJIO)f(H5IJIOCb eru.e H TeM,
qTO o6ru.aH o6cTaHoBKa B EBpone K HaqaJIY KaMnaIII1H 1917 r.
xapaKTCpH30BaJIaCb Ha3peBaHHeM peBOJIIOUI1OHHOH CI1TyaUI1H;
HaCeJIeHl1e BOIOIOIl1I1X rOCYJ{apCTB HaQI1HaJIO YCTaBaTb OT 6ec-
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ronpH THo. AHrJIHHCKa H <ppaH1tY3CKaH apMHH npeBOCXOJ{H-
v
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l1MeJIH TaHKI1, a TaKiKe J{06HJIHCb 3HaQHTeJIbHOrO QI1CJIeHHOrO
npeBocxoJ{cTBa B )l(I1BOH CI1JIe. Bce 6bJIblIlYIO nOMOll{b AHTaH-
Te HaQI1HaJIa OKa3bIBaTb AMepl1Ka. ABCTpO- BeHrpH5I BTaHHe OT
CBoero COlO3HHKa BeJIa neperOBopbI 0 Ml1pe.
fepMaHcKHH BoeHHbIH nJIaH Ha npeJ{CTO Il1YIO KaMnaHHIO
npeJ{ycMaTpl1BaJI CTpaTerl1QeCKYIO 060POHY Ha cynIc 11 pa3Bep-
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· «Einc bcsondcrc Art von Mcnschcnjagd.. TaK JIYLfllH1H rcpMallcKHH ac
Mall<PPCJl <1>011 PHxTro clI lIa3blOaJI COOIO pa60TY B HCTpc6ItTCJlbIlOH aIHta-
ItHH. ECJII1 PYCCKOC CJlono HCTpc6HTCJlb , HCIIOJlb30BaBlJICCC YJKC K TOMY
OpcMClI11 130 q>JIOTC JlJ!}1 ;.)CKaJlpcII II blX M H 1I0IiOCI1C13, 0311aLfaJlO II P}IMOC lIa3l1a-
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<ppaIlUY;icKOC dcstructcu r. H all 1'J1 H HCKOC .dcstroycr , TO IICMCIlKOC CJIOOO -
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430
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BepXOBHOe KOMaH,nOBaHHe Ha,n:e$lJIOCb RbIBeCTI1 H3 BOHHbI AHr-
JI1110. fepMaHCKOH CTOpOHOH 6bIJII1 BbIpa60TaHbI 06II!l1e YKa-
3aHI1 ,nJI Be,neHI1 060pOHliTeJIbHOrO 60$1 B YCJIOBI1 X n0311-
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CJ1JIaM. JIeTql1KI1 ,nOJI)KHbl BeCTM pa3Be,l{KY, Ha6JIIOJJ:eHl1e 3a
CTpeJIb60H CBoeM apTI1JIJIepl1l1, 6pocaHI1e 60M6 11 CTpeJIb6y 113
nYJIeMeTOB; ,nOJI)KI-IbI npen TCTBOBaTb npOTI1BHliKY 3aBoeBaTb
rocno,n:CTBO B B03JJ:yxe.
llJIaH AHTaHTbI CTpOI1JIC Ha pelIIl1TeJIbHOM I1CnOJIb30Ba-
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naauoeeponeUCKUU.
110 nJIaHY PYCCKoro BepXOBHoro KOMaH,n:OBaHli rJIaBHble
YCI1JII1 HanpaBJI5IJII1Cb npOTI1B ABCTPO- BeHrpl1l1. rJIaBHbIH
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6bIJIH OCYll1eCTBI1Tb BcnOMOraTeJIbHble Y,l{apbI. llpe,n:noJIaraJI-
C TaK)f(e nepeXO,l{ B HacTynJIeHl1e Ha PYMbIHCKOM <ppoHTe.
B CB 3M C nOCTaBJIeHHblMI1 3MaQaMI1 B 9TOM ro,l{Y pe3KO
B03pOCJIa pOJIb 60M6apJJ:l1pOBOQHOH aBl1al{1111 11 B CB 311 C 9Tl1M
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I1 Y)Ke He KaK I1CKJIIOQeHl1e, ,nHeBHoe 60M6ap,n:l1pOBaUl1e (HapM-
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nocpe,nCTBeIIHOM I1CTpe6JIeHI111 BCeMI1 B03MO)KHbIMI1 cnoc06a-
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1917zoa
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H TO, '1TO pOJIb OT.n;eJIbHbIX CaMOJIeTOB TO H .n;eJIO MeHHJIaCb B
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qeCTBe pa3Be.n;'1HKa. B 1917 r. JIYtIllIHMH pa3Be):ltIHKaMH CqH-
TaJIl1Cb COnBH'IH , HO 3TY MallIMHY Hepe.n;Ko HCIIOJIb30BaJIH
Ii B KaqeCTBe HCTpe6HTeJIH. KpoMe Toro, 3a'lacTY , li3-3a He-
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I1M .
B 3TOM ro.n;y IIJIaHl1pOBaJIOCb nOCTaBHTb Ha BoopY)KeHHe 120
I1M»- (nocrpOI1Tb 80 HOBbIX). HopMa nOTepb .n;JIH CaMOJIeTOB
THna HM»- HC'IHCJIHJIaCb fBTY B 200% B ro,lt.
3.n;ecb TaKJKe nOTepH CaMOJIeTOB npOI1CXO,ltI1JII1 He TOJIbKO
B pe3YJIbTaTe 60eBbIx ,lteMCTBHH. B Ha'laJIe 1917 r. Ha O,ltHOM 113
.MYPOMueB ,ltJIjI nOBbIllIeHHjI nOnepe'lHOH YCTOH'IHBOCTH
Me)K,ltY CTOMKaMH KpbIJIa YCTaHOBMJII1 Il{HTKH H3 <paHepbI, B
Ha,a:ejK,n;e YCTpaHHTb CKOJIb:>KeHHe CaMOJIeTa np" He6oJlbIIlOM
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a CTOHKH BbIBepH)'TbI B Y3JIax. CaMOJIeT pa3BaJIHJIC B B03.n;y-
xe, 3KHnajK norH6.
qTO KacaeTCSI BonpOCOB opraHH3aUHI1 B03JtYllIHbIX CHJI, TO
K 1917 f. CTana OqeBH,ltHOH Heo6xo.n;HMOCTb MaHeBpa aBHaCI1-
JIaMIi B paMKax <pPOHTOB, He TOJIbKO B QeJIjIX npOTHBo.n;eMCTBI1H
aBHaUHH IIpOTHBHHKa 11 J1)IjI KOppeKTHpOBKH OfHH apTHJIJIepI1H,
HO 11 MjI nO,l(,ZJ;ep)KKI1 neXOTbI npH npopbIBax <ppOHTa. ,ltJIH 3TOH
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432
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K 3TOMY BpeMeHI1 Tpe60BaJIaCb YJKe nOJIHa5I ueHTpaJIl13aQI1 py-
KOBO,n:CTBa aBl1aQl1ei1:. 3TO Tpe60BaJIOCb npe)Kl{e Bcero no JJ:BYM
npl1t:1HHaM: B03pOCllII1e TeXHl1t:1eCKl1e B03MO:>KHOCTI1 CaMOJIeTOB
M B QeJIOM He,n:OCTaTOt:lHOe KOJIl1t:1eCTBO aBHaTeXHI1KI1.
COBepIlleHCTBOBaJIC 11 TeXHl1t:1eCKI1H ypOBeHb OCHaIl{eHI1
aBl1aQI1I1.
K Hat:laJIY 3Toro rO,lta ,n:aJKe B Ka)l(JtOM aBHaUHOHHOM OTp -
,n:e B POCCHI1 YJKe HaCt:lI1TbIBaJIOCb,n:O 20 pa.nHCTOB, 6bIJII1 YCTa-
HOBJleHbl ,n:OJIJKHOCTI1 Hat:laJIbHI1Ka PaJJ:l1oCJIY)I(6bI OTp ,lta (OH
JKe JIeT':.II1K-Ha6JIIOJJ:aTeJIb) 11 CTapllIero pa.nHoTexHMKa OTp ,n:a.
C KOHua 1916 - Hat:laJIa 1917 r. PYCCKoe BoeHHoe KOMaH-
JJ:OBaHl1e CTaJIO BBO,ltI1Tb Ha BoopYJKeHHe CaMOJIeTbI Tl1na «,l{e-
KaH-A 11 JIe6eJJ:b-12 , a TaKIKe CaMOJIeT COnBl1t:1 np0I13BO,lt-
CTBa <PpaHUY3CKI1X H aHrJIMHCKI1X 3aBOl{OB. 3TO pe3Ko 113Me-
HI1JIO YCJIOBI1 60 . IIOJIeTbI C ueJIblO r JIy60KOM pa3BeJ].KM 11
6oM60MeTaHM npOBO,ltHJIMCb Tenepb cTpoeM H3 6-8 CaMOJIe-
TOB. CTaJIl1 Bce t:larue paaropaTbC rpynnoBbIe B03,n:YlllHbIe 6011
H Ha PYCCKOM cppoHTe.
fepMaHcKl1e JleTt:lMKM 6bIJIM BbIHY)K,lI,eHbI npH3HaTb, 1.ITO
BCJIe,n:CTBl1e ,n:ei1cTBI1H PYCCKI1X I1CTpe611TeJIeH 11M TaIOKe npl1-
IIlJIOCb OTKa3aTbC OT O,ltI1HOt:lHbIX nOJIeTOB H 3aMeHI1Tb MX CHa-
lJ.aJIa napHbIMH, a 3aTeM nOJIeTaMH B rpynnax l{O n TI1 CaMOJIe-
TOB, qT06bI ,lt0611TbC paaBe,ltKI1 npM BCRKHX 06CTO TeJIbCTBax .
Onpe,n:eJIeHHbIX ycnexoB ,n:OCTl1rJIa H npOTHBOB03,n:YllIHa
060pOHa. Y HeMQeB y)f(e K 1917 r. nO BI1JIHCb ycoBepIlIeHcTBo-
BaHHbiC npOTI1BOCaMOJIeTHble Opy,n:I151, l{aBaBillHe l{0 40 BbICT-
peJIOB B MI1HYTY, 6JIaro,n:ap rrpMMeHeHHIO 4-x CTBOJIOB, OXJIaiK-
,ltaeMblX nOOt:lepe,n:Ho. O,n:HaKo I1X 3cp<peKTHBHoCTb 6bIJIa lIe oco-
6eHHo BbICOKOH; no oueHKe HeMeQKHX CneUHaJIHCTOB 113 o,n:nOM
TbIC t:l11 BblnYIueHHblX CHapR,ltOB TOJIbKO Ol{HH nonaJlaJI B ueJlb.
q TO KacaeTC repMaHcKoi1 I1CTpe611TeJIblIOH aBMaUI1I1, TO
3TOT ro,n: MOJKHO CMeJlO Ha3BaTb rOJ]:OM PI1XTrO<pena.
PHXTrocpeH: CJIyqHJIOCb TaK, lITO B3HJI ,lta 11 nOKpaCI1JI
u u u
CBOI1 a3pOnJIaH B y,ltMBI1TeJIbHbII1 pKO-KpaCHbIH QBeT, B pe3YJIb-
1917 lOa
433
TaTe CKOpO Bce CXo,n:y Y3HaBaJII1 MOIO KpaCHYIO nTHU:Y. YCJIbI-
IIIaJI 0 HeM H npOTI1BHI1K.
Cpa)K(UICb KaK-TO Ha COBceM ,n:pyroM yqaCTKe cppOHTa, 51 cY-
MeJI no,n:cTpeJIHTb l-{BYXMeCTHbIi1 "BI1KKepC", KOTOpbIH Ml1pHO
<pOTorpacpHpOBa7I HalIIl1 apTI1JIJIepHt'ICKHe rr03HIJ;1111 H nOToMY Y
Moero ,n:pyra-<pOTorpa<pa, YBbI, He OCTaJIOCb BpCMen" na 3all.{l1Ty.
EMY OCTaJIOCb TOJIbKO nOCnell1I1Tb nOCCl,lU1Tb CBOlO Mall1HIIY Ha
TBep,n:YIO 3CMJIIO, nOCKOJIbKY OHa np05IBJI5IJIa Bce npH3HaKH 6JIH3-
Koro rrO)Kapa, 11 Mbl ,n:IDKe XOpOM 3aKpl11.JaJII1: "OH CMep,l(I1T!"
nO-QeJIOBeqeCKI1 51 ,n:IDKe I1CnbITbIBaJI K CBoeMY npOTHBHI1Ky
jl(3JIOCTb - 51 BOBce He XOTeJI, qT06bI 011 Pa36I1JIC5I. I( TOMY )Ke, 01[,
HaBepHoe, 6bIJI paReH, nOCKOJIbKY III1 pa3Y no HaM He BbICTpeJII1JI.
Ha BbICOTe OKOJIO 15 COTeH CPyTOB, HenOJIa){KH B MOTope
BbIHy,n:I1JII1 np113eMJII1TbC$I H MeH.H, npHqeM, BeCbMa pe3KO - B
PC3YJIbTaTC qero nOJIyq11JIOCb, qTO Moti npOTHBHI1K npI13CMJII1JI-
C$I ropa3,n:o M5INe, qeM .H, cro n06e,n:I1TCJIb; .H YMy,n:pI1JIC5I Bpe-
3aTbC5I B TpaHllIero 11 rrepeBepnYTb MalIIHHY.
AHfJI11QaHe, KpaflHe 1.{3YMJleHHbIe MOHM nan;eHHeM, npHBcT-
CTBOBaJIl1 MeH5I KaK lIaCTO$lII{erO cnopTcMeHa, lIO nce ew.e He-
,n:oYMe BaJI 11 , nOQeMY 51 ynaJI, nOCKOJIbKY HI.{ OJJ;Horo BblCTpeJIa
no MHe OHI1,n:eHCTBHTeJIbHO lIe C,l.{eJIaJIl1. 3TO 6bIJII1 nepBbIe aH-
rJII1QaHe, KOTOpbIX .H nOca,ltI1JI Ha 3eMJIIO )KHBbIMH, 11 nO::)TOMY
Mile ,ltaiKe ,n:OCTaBI1JIO y,n:OBOJIbCTBHC nOrOBOpl1Tb C HI1MH. 51
CnpOCHJI I1X, BM,lteJIH JII1 OH11 MOM a3pOflJIaH B B03.ll.yxe paHbllle,
Ha qTO O,ltI1H 113 H11X OTBeTI1JI:
- 0, ,n:a! 51 OTJII1QHO 3Haro Barny MarnI1UY! Mbl Ha3blBaeM
ee "KpaCHeHbKI1H" lie.
fpei1: ( 113 npeJJ;I1CJIOBI1$1 K aHfJII1M:CKOMY 113,l(allHIO KHl1rl1
· B Opl1rHllaJlc IIO-(!)pallllY3CKH - La pctit rougc . B 31'0 BpCM PHXTI'O-
q)CII JICTaJl lIa A;lb6a1'pocc D III . PII XTfO(!)C I I IICpCeCJI C 4A;Jb6aTpOca lIa
1I0Bhlii <I>OI<KCp Dr 1. lJ cClrr}l6pc 1917-1'0, Cpa3Y, l<aK TOJlhl<O MalllHlla IIP"'-
6blJla lIa (!>poIiT. BIIOCJICJlCTBHH 3a OKpaCKY CBoc i Mall! H II hi 011 IIOJlYLf I1JI IIpO-
30HIIlC KpaCllhlii 6apoll , K I<OTOPOMY IIOLfTH IICH:iMCIlIiO IIpu6auJI}lJIOCb «lIC-
lI06cJu,tMhIH . K 1918 r. JlJI IICMllCB 011 6b1JI IIallilOIl UlhllblM rcpOCM, a JlJI}I
COI03I1HI<OlJ - caMo i 60Jlbilloii IIpo6.rICMOH B BO:iJ!YXC. Kaii:icp II a rpaJuvl ero
KpCCTOM :ia xpa6pocTb C II CpCOIlaJI bllOii JlapCTBclilioit IlaJllI HCblO II aBC'rpll H-
CKIIM BOCllllhlM KpeCTOM OT IIMllcpaTopa CI>palllla-l1ocllq)a. Ero )CKaJlI)lIJlh}1
.JICTC110IllHH IU1pK., "po:ioallla}1 TaK alll'JlllLfallClMU 3a IICCTPYIO paCI<paCKY uc.
Tpc6HTCJICH, lIaBOJUlJla lIa COIO iIlIlKOB YlKac.
434
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80UHbl
PHXTfocpeHa Der Rote KampffZieger (KpacHblu 80eHHblu Jlem-
tlUK), 1917): l1cTpe6HTeJIbHCUI 3CKa.n;pHJIbH PHxTfoQ>eHa, Ha-
3bIBaeMCUI Y HeMQeB 51rLtllITaQ>Q>eJIb, nOHaqaJIY 6bIJIa H3BeCTHa
KaK "JIeTalOI..UHH QHPK", H60 Lt(ljl(e YLtHBHTeJIbHbIH OTpHLt 3Ha-
MeHHToro BeJIbKe He Mor LtOCTHrHYTb B CBOHX LteHCTBHHX Ta-
KOH CnJIOqeHHOCTH, KaK nOLtpa3LteJIeHHe PHXTfOQ>eHa.
qJIeHbI 5111ITbI* nopoH nyCKaJIHCb B aBaHTlOpHbIe onepaQHH B
KOJIHqeCTBe OT 12 LtO 15 MallIHH BO fJIaBe C MaJIeHbKHM "Anb6aT-
pOCOM" CBoefO KOMaHl(Hpa, OKpaIIIeHHbIM B npOH3HTeJIbHO-HpKHH
KpacHbIH QBeT. OCTaJIbHbIe TO:>Ke paapHCOBblBaJIH CBOH CaMOJIe-
TbI, KaK KOMY 3axOqeTCH. DbIJIa MallIHHa C iKeJITbIM HOCOM, CHHHM
KopnYCOM H 3eJIeHbIMH KpbIJIbHMH, 6bIJIa 6JIeLtHO-fOJIy6CUl CHJ13Y
H qepHCUI cBepxy, 6bIJIa B nOJIOcKy, 6bIJIa B nHTHbIIIIKO.
11 B 6010 OHH BbITBOp.SlJIH TaKoe, qTO LteHCTBHTeJIbHO 6bIJIO
noLt CHJIY JIMllib COBepmeHHbIM aKp06aTaM. KpoMe TOfO, SCKaJ(-
pHJIbH nepeLtBHfanaCb no <PpOHTY KaK caMOCTOHTeJIbHOe 1I0Lt-
pa3LteJIeHHe, nOHBJIHHCb B caMOH ryI..Ue 60eB, HJIH HanaLta.Sl Ha
HaIlIHX pa3BeLtqHKOB. OLtHY HeLteJIIO OHH JIeTaJIH HCl,lI. BepLte-
HOM, Ha CJIeLtYIOI..UeH YiKe BOeBaJIH Ha ceBepe Appaca, eIQe qe-
pe3 HeCKOJIbKO LtHeH - Ha COMMe. Ho, KaK npaBHJIO, OHH pa-
60TaJIH Ha BpJ1TaHCKOM <ppoHTe. BHLtH STH apJIeKJ1HCKHe QBe-
Ta, Kyp6eTbI H npeLtCTaBJIeHHH no LtBa pa3a Ha LtHIO, MbI
np03BaJIH HX "EpOLt.SlqHM UHpKOM PHxTfoQ>eHa" (von Richt-
hofen's Traveling Circus)..
C06bITHH B 3TOM roLtY pa3BHBaJIHCb CJIeLtYIOIl(J1M 06pa30M.
HHBAPh
IIa STOT pa3 HHBapb MeCHU Ha Bocm01lHOe8pOneUCKOM me-
ampe HaqaJICH aKTHBHbIMH 60eBbIMH J.1eHCTBHHMH. PYCCKHH fe-
HepaJIbHbIH llITa6 pemHJI B STOM rOLtY He paCKaqHBaTbCH LtOJIfO.
MHTABCKMI OnEPAaUH
31lH8apR - KOMaHLtYIOI..UHH CeBepHbIM cf>POHTOM reHepaJI
PY3CKHM onpeLteJIHJI Q>POHT JI)lH aTaKH MeiKLtY 60JIOTOM THpYJIb
· HIIITa - COKpall1CllilOC 1Ia303J1HC HCTpc611TCJICH rpYllllblliO IICpOblM 6YK-
DaM - 1St. Uagdstaffcl).
1917 lOa
435
Ii MhI30H OJIaH, 061J.{CUJ: npOT DKeHHOCTh - 30 KM. 3a,l(aqa: C6I1Tb
npOTI1BHI1Ka C 3aHI1MaeMbIX n03I1QI1H, npopBaTb ero pacno-
JIO:>KeHMe H, MaHeBpOM B OTKphITOM nOJIe, OT6pOCI1Tb 3a peKI1
3Kay 11 Aa .
l1.eJIb: OBJIa,l(eTb CTanIJ;I1eW MHTaBa 11 )KeJIe3Ho,n:opO:>K1I011
JIHHI1eH MI1TaBa - 51K06IllTa.l(T.
113 npI1Ka3a OT (27 ,n:eKa6pJl) 1916 r.: «(20 .n:eKa6pH) 8 ca-
MOJIeTOB <ppOIlTOBOH aBI1arpynnbI I<allI1Tana 51K06cIlIBHJIH
BhIJIeTeJII1 ,n:JIH 60 11 <poTorpacpl1pOBaHI1 . Bo BpeM IIOJICTa
CaMOJICTbI BbI,n:epiKaJIH qeTblpe 60}{, npl1qCM J{Ba nenpHHTCJIb-
CKHX CaMOJIeTa 6bIJII1 C6I1Tbl, O,n:HH - npanoplUl1KOM 1-I.K. Ko-
KOpI1HbIM, ,n:pyroH - CTapIllI1M YHTCp-ocpHuepoM I1.B. CMHp-
HOBhIM C Ha6JIIO,n:aTeJIeM lliTa6c- Kanl1TaHOM neHTKe. I-Ienpl1 -
TeJIbCKl1e JIeTqI1KI1 (Tpl1 ocpl1Qepa M OJ.{HH YHTep-ocpl1uep)
y6HTbI pYiKeflllhIMI1 nYJIRMI1 B B03,n:yXC .
nOCJIe TlJ.{aTeJIbHOH aBHapa3Be,n:KH C cpOTorpacpl1pOnaUHeM
pYCCKI1e nepeIIIJII1 B HacTynJIeHI1e.
5 RH8apR - nepe,n: paCCBeTOM, BHe3anHO, 6e3 apTI1JIJIepHI1-
cKoM no,n:roTOBKI1, pycCKI1e coe,n:HHeHMH YCTpeMI1JIJ1Cb K YKperr-
JIeHHOH JIMHHH npOTI1BHI1Ka. Ha yqaCTKe rJIaBHOrO y,n:apa
cppOHT 060POHhI aBCTpl1i1ueB 6bIJI npopBaH B Tpex MecTax; Pyc-
CKl1e 3aH JII1 pai10H CKY,n:p - fpa66e - CKaHreJIb.
7 RH8apR - (25 ,n:eKa6p ) 6bIJI CcpOpMI1pOBaH neTpOrpal(-
CKHH aBI1a,l(I1BI13110H 113 3-x OTpR,n:OB C no,n:qHHeHl1eM Hat.IaJIb-
HI1KY npOTI1BOB03,n:YUIHoti 060POHbI ITeTpOrpalJ,a feHepa.rr - Mati-
opy 11. C. BYPMany - 3TO IIOJIO)l(MJIO HaqaJIO aBMaIJ;HI1 nBO n
POCCHI1.
9RH8apR - BOM6ap,n:HpOBOlJIIbIM 3CKa,n:paM 3pnCTa BpaH-
,n:en6ypra 6bIJIa nOCTaBJIena Henocpe,n:cTBeHHa5I 3a.l(aQa pa3Be,n:-
KH 11 no,n:aBJIeHMH 6pI1TaHCKI1X nOlJ,Bo,n:HhIX JIO,n:OK. 8Tl1M Hal(e-
JII1Cb npMHy,n:I1Tb AHrJIl110 K KanI1TYJI QI1I1, 4TO ,n:OJI)I(HO 6bIJIO,
no paCQeTaM rcpMaHcKoro KOMaHlJ,OBanI1R, npMBeCTI1 K 6hICT-
POMY ,n:ocTHJKeHI1IO n06e.n:Horo MHpa.
KOMaH,n:on-auMe AHTaHTbI, B CBOIO Ot.Iepc,n:b, HaMepeBaJIOCb
COrJIaCOBanHblMI1 HacTynaTCJIbHbIMI1 ,n:ClICTBI1HMH pa3BHTb
CBOH ycnex Ha Bcex cppOHTax C ueJIbIO HaneCeHI1H OKOHtIaTeJIb-
Horo nopaiKeHHR fepMaHHI1 H ee COI03HMKaM.
436
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80Ullbl
12 RH8apR - 3aBepIllHJIaCb MHTaBCKa$! onepaUH$! Ha Boc-
m01./,1l0e8pOneucKoM meampe.
B aToH onepaUHH BOHcKa 12-H PYCCKOH apMHH ycnelliHo
npOpBaJIH repMaHcKYlO 060POHY H C03.n;aJIH yrp03Y npopbIBa
na 51K06IllTa.n;CKOM H J]:BHHCKOM yqaCTKaX <ppOHTa.
Bce nOCJIeJJ;YIOlUHe .n;HH, BnJIOTb .n;o 3 <peBpaJI$!, PyccKHe Be-
JJ.YT 060pOHHTeJIbHble 60H, c.n;epJKHBM $!POCTHO Hace.n;alOlUHe
repMaHcKHe BOHcKa. CHJIaMH O.n;HOH TOJIbKO apMHH PYCCKHM
BOHCKaM He y.n;aJlOCb pa3BHTb ycnex H BblnOJIHHTb nOCTaBJIeH-
HYIO 3a.n;a 1JY.
PYCCKM HCTpe6HTeJIbHM aBHal1H$! 06eCne1JHJIa CKpbITHOCTb
no.n;rOTOBKH HacTynJIeHH$!, nOJI.aBHB .n;eHCTBH$! aBCTpl1HCKOH
anHal1110HHOH pa3Be.n;KH, H 06eCneql1B .n;eHCTBH$! CBoeH; PYCCKHe
pa3Be.n;QHKI1 npOBeJIH ycnellIHYIO aapocpOTOC'beMKY aBCTpO-BeH-
repCKI1X n03Hl1HH, n03BOJIHBllIYIO BCKpbITb c.na6bIe nYHKTbI 060-
pOHbI npOTI1BHI1Ka MeJK.n;y JIecl1, MaHTeJIb H ITYJIeMeTHOH rop-
KOH. ATaKa Ha aTOM HanpaBJIeHHI16bIJIa npe.n;npHH$!Ta 6e3 npeJI.-
BapHTeJIbHOH apTHJIJIepHHCKOH IIo.n;rOTOBKH H $!BHJIaCb nOJIHOH
HeOJKH.n;aHHOCTblO JI.JI$! aBCTpO-BeHrepCKHX BOMCK.
JIIO.n;eH.n;op<p: HeOJKH.n;aHHO BCnOJIOIlIHJI y.n;ap PYCCKI1X B
HanpaBJIeHHH Ha MI1TaBY; nocneIllHO CT$!HYTbIMI1 pe3epBaMH
el-{Ba Yl-{aJIOCb ero JIOKaJII130BaTb>.).
<l>EBPAJIb
B aTOM MeC$!ue B ITeTporpa.n;e (BnepBbIe Ha BOCT01JHOM
cppOHTe) 6bIJIa npOBe.n;eHa MeJKCOI03HI11JeCKM KOHcpepeHUH5I C
l1eJIbIO COrJIaCOBaHH$! .n;eHCTBHM: C0103HbIX CHJI. PYCCKoe Bep-
XOBHoe KOMaHl-{OBaHHe HaCTOH1JHBO .n;06HBaJIOCb npaBHJIbHOrO
pacnpel-{eJIeHH$! BoeHHbIX pecypCOB, HMelOIl(HXC$! B pacnop$!-
JKeHHH COI03HHKOB. POCCH$! HY)K.n;aJIaCb B Opy.n;H$!X, aaponJIa-
!lax, BoeHHOM CHap$!)KeHMI1.
4 cjJe6paJIR - (22 $!HBapH) 1917 r. YBBcD pa3peIllHJIO .n;o-
nYCTI1Tb K c.n;aqe H OTnpaBKe 25 CaMOJIeTOB "JIe6e.n;b-12" C YC-
TaHOBJIeHHbIMH Ha HHX 4-M$! KpyrJIbIMH 60M60c6pacbIBaTeJI5I-
MI1 CHCTeMbI HH)Kenepa ll1KYJIbHI1Ka .
8 cjJe6paJUl - fHHHeMepy yl-{aJIOCb C6HTb 60M6apJI.HpOBlUHK
1917 lOa
437
rOTa». fepMaHCKHH rHraHT 60M6ap.lU1pOBaJI HaHCH, KOr.n.a
<ppaHUY3CKI1H HCTpe611TeJIb npl1Bblt.IHO 3allIeJI eMY B XBOCT H
CHI13Y ,aJIH aTaKI1. O,aHaKO repMaHCKI1H Ha6JIIo,aaTeJIb He .n.pe-
MaJI H, e,n;Ba rMHHeMep npI16JIM3HJICH, BOCnOJlb30BaJICH clopn-
pH30M - nOCJIe,n;HI1M H306peTeHHeM repMaHCKI1X JIeTt.fI1I<OB.
cDpaHuY3 B,n;pyr YBI1,n;eJI, KaK B nY3e Y ruraHTa OTKpblJIC$I JIIOK
H oTTy,aa BbICYHYJICH nYJIeMeT. rJtIi1HeMep OTpearl1pOBaJI TOT-
t.Iac H, c,n;eJIaB 6bICTpblH MaHeBp, B CJIe,n:YIOlltYIO MI1HYTY aTa-
KOBaJI HeMua B 3/ C Hoca, nepBOH )Ke KOpOTKOM Ot.fCpe.l(bIO C
6JII13KOrO paCCTOHHI1H np06HJI MOTOp rMraHTa 11 BbIHy,n;I1JI era
COBepllIl1Tb IIoca,n;KY Ha <ppaHUY3CKOt'1 TeppHTopUM Y IIoHT-a-
MYCOHa. 06a JIeTt.II1Ka 6bIJII1 B3HTbI B nJIeH.
9 tjJe6paJUl - JIeTtIl1K H3 aCKa,apHJIbM Illt'IHeMepa Kanl1TaH
O)Ke, C6MB A.JIb6aTpoc», O.l(ep)KaJI TpCTbIO n06e.l(Y B B03lJ.YW-
HOM 60IO.
11 tjJe6paJUl - B HOt.Ib CaMOJIeTY 12-ro repMaHCKoro aBHa-
OTpH,n;a BnepBble y,aa.n:OCb C611Tb ,n;Ba cppalIUY3CKI1X CaMOJICTa. Bee
Hat.faJIOCb C nJIaHOMepnoH pa3ne.l(KH HOt.fnOH ,ae TeJIbHOCTI1 JIeT-
tIl1KOB C aapo,n;pOMa B MaJIb3eBJ1JIe. BpeMH BbIJIeTa 6bIJIO YCTa-
HOBJIeHO 110 Cl1rHa.n:bHbiM orHHM na aapO.l(pOMe. KpYiKacb OKOJIO
20 MHHYT Ha,n; MeCTOM CTapTa cppaHu.Y3a, repMaHcKI1t'I CaMOJIeT
TepneJIHBO no,n;JKI1,aa.n: era B03BpameHI151. IT epBoe npe,n;ynpeIK-
,n;eHHe 0 npl16JIHJKellHI1 npOTHBIII1Ka HeMeu nOJIyqHJI, YCJIbllllan
orOHb repMaHcKoH 3eHI1TH0I1 apTHJIJIepl111 na JIHHMH <ppoHTa.
BCKope JIeTt.IHK 3aMeTI1JI B B03,n;yxe 11 KpaCHO-3eJIeHble orOHbKH
,n;ByxMecTHoro 6HnJIaHa, npl16JII1iKalOIlterOCH K CBoeMY aapo,n:po-
MY. fepMaHCKHH CaMOJIeT KPYTblM Bl1paJKOM npl1CTpOI1JICH eMY B
XBOCT 11 paCCTpeJIHJI C 6JIH3KOrO paCCTOHIII1H. TIoCJIe Toro, KaK
OH BbIIIYCTI1JI Bcero 2S nYJIb, cppaHUY3CKHH CaMOJIeT 3arOpeJIC51,
3aTeM B30pBaJICH 11 PYXHY JI BHI13. 3TOT cpaKT 6blJI nO.l(TBepJKlI.eH
apTIDIJlepl1HCKI1MI1 QaCT5IMI1 47- H 6pHfaJtbI.
CnycTH COBceM Henpo,n;OJIJKI1TeJIbHOe npeMH nOHBI1JIC5I BTO-
pOI1 <PpaHUY3CKHH CaMOJIeT, B03BpaIltaBIll11HcH C 1I0'-lHOrO 3a-
,n;aHI1H. repMancKHH JIeTt.II1K nOBTOpHJI ManeBp. nOCJIe KOPOT-
KOH Ot.IepeJ(11 <ppaHUY3CKI1H 6HnJIaH I1Ct.Ie3 B TeMHOTC. Bnoc-
JIeJ(CTBI1I1 HeMUbI Y3HaJIH OT <PpaHUY3CKI1X BOeHHOnJIeHHblX 0
TOM, tITO 11 BTOpOM CaMOJIeT pa36HJICH.
438
Aeuau,UR BeJlUKOU eOU1tbl
14 q,e8paJUI - K (1) cpeBpan nocrynHJIO Ha BoopY)KeHHe
3BK 38 MaIlIHH.
20 q,e8paJUI - Bo <I>paH[(MfI KOMaH.n;YIOIUflM HHBeJIb rro-
.n;aeT B BoeHHoe MHHHCTepCTBO Ha YTBep)K.n;eHHe no.n;p06HbIH
rrJIaH B03JJ:YIlIHbIX 6oM6ap.n;HpoBOK. Tenepb YJKe H <1>paH[(H
co6HpaeTc rrpflcTyrrHTb K [(eHTpaJIH30BaHHoMY YTBep)K,nelIfllO
06'beKTOB B03.n;YllIHoro HananeHfI .
25 q,e8paJUI - COlO3HHKH Hat.[HHaIOT BbIrrOJIH Tb peIlIeHfI
nOCJIe.n;HeH MeIKCOI03Hflt.feCKOH KOHcpepeH[(HfI fI rrOCbIJIalOT B
POCCHIO BoeHHbIX JIeTtIflKOB.
E. KpYTeHb
HarneCTBHe flHOnJIeMeHHHKOB
Y Hac Bcer.n;a 30BYT Bap rOB. ABfla[(fI He MOlKeT rrpe.n;CTa-
BI1Tb HCKJIIOqeHfI . BbIJIfI O.l1HHOt.fHbIe cppaHU;Y3bI-JIeT'4HKfI B
Hat.fane BOHHbI, nOTOM Ha3BaJIH MexaHHKOB, rrOTOM CTanH BbI-
nHCbIBaTb JIeT1.JHKOB BarOHaMfI - Bce MaJIO - e.n;eT B POCCHIO
[(eJIaH opraHfl30BaHHa 6aH.n;a B BfI.n;e .n;BYX OTpjl.n;OB - pa3Be-
.n;01.JHOrO H flCTpe6f1TeJIbHoro.
H 3Toro MaJIO - e,n:YT OKOJIO .n;Ba.n;QaTM aHrJIflt.faH...
Ho yqMTbC y HHX TIOKa t.fTO aBHa[(fIfI pellIflTeJIbHO Het.feMY.
B AHrJIflfI, CJIOB HeT, JIflX£UI aBHa[(fI , HO 6e3 CflCTeMaTH-
1.IeCKOH opraHH3a[(HH fI 6e3 XOpOIllflX TeXHHt.feCKflX cpel(CTB...
o <ppaHU;Y3ax Ha.zJ;O rOBopMTb flHat.fe.
...BnOJIHe ,nOCTaT01.JHO 6bIJIO 6bI orpaHflt.fflTbC rrpH3bIBOM
I1H)KeHepOB, MOTOpflCTOB fI rrpoqero TeXHflt.feCKOrO JIIO.n;a. Ho
BOT rrpfl3bIB JIeT1.JHKOB He HaxO.n;HT ce6e HHKaKoro orrpaB.n;aHHjI...
E.n;eT KOMrraHHjI He JIyqrnHX JIeTt.fflKOB, a "TaK ce6e"...
... B aBrycTe 1916 r. KaKOH -TO CMOJIbjlHflHOB rrHCaJI B ra3e-
Te "HOBoe BpeMjI" 0 TOM, KaK B.n;pyr Bce H3MeHMJIOCb Ha Ha-
,.. TIont6111HH lIa PYCCKOM ( poIiTC 8 HIOJIC 3. IIYJlbIlC, 6blJI 0 06111CM-TO PYC-
CKHM JICTLfHKOM, CJIYJKH81J1HM BO <DpaIIlUH1. Ho 011 IIpM6blJI C (ppallllY:iCKOH
3CKaJlpHJlbCH H :illaLfHJIC}I KaK <ppaIlIlY3cKHH JICTLfHK. Ho TaKHX 6bIJI0 IICMIIO-
1'0. PYCCKHC JICTlJl1KH DOCBaJIH 80 <I>paIlIlHH, lIa Ca.nOflHKCI<OM q>pOJlTC, lIa
EaJlKallax; allrJH1HCKHC H <ppaIlIlY3CKI1C JICTLfHKH DOCOaJIH R POCCI1H - 3'1'0
6blJIa 06bllJlla}1 CtrrYaJU1}1. KpYTClib H caM CTaJKHpOBaJIC}I 80 <Dpalllll-U1 1,1 AII-
fJIIIH. 11 JJpCTCII:nul aaMCyaTCJIbJlOrO pycCKoro JICTLfHKa OTIIOCHTCSI, "pCiKJlC
Dccro, K TOMY IIH3KOIIOKJJOIICTBY, KOTOpOC HCJlblTblDalOT B POCCHH KO BCCMY
3arpall HlJ IIOM
1917 lOa
439
rneM <!>POHTe, KOr.n;a K HaM npMexa.n: <!>panUY3CKHM aBHaUI10H-
HbIH OTpH.n;*, JIeTtIHKM KOToporo e:>Ke.n;neBHO C6MBaJIM no He-
CKOJIbKO HeMQeB H COBceM 3aCTaBHJIH HX rrepeCTaTb JIeTaTb B
STOM MeCTe...
TaK STO IIHCa.nOCb eu{e Tor.n;a, KOf,l(a <!>paHQY3CKoro OTp.H.n;a
Ii B rrOMHHe He 6bIJlO y Hac. 1.{TO :>Ke 6Yl(eT Terrepb, Kor.n;a B.n;pyr
cpe.n;H 3anJIeBaHHbIX 06 eCTBOM PYCCKHX JIeTt.J:MKOB nOHBHTC.SI
B caMOM .n;eJIe OTpR.n; HCTpe6HTeJIeH H3 16 JIeTt.J:MKOB *, cpe.n;H
KOTOpbIX, BepHo, XOTR O.n;HH .n;a 6y.n;eT nopH.n;ot.J:IIbIH, .n;a erne Ha
JIY1.IIIIMX arrnapaTax "CITA.l(", C KOTOpOro .n;OBOJIbHO npOCTO C6H-
BaTb Heno.nrOTOBJIeHHbIX HeMl.{eB...
MbI B TeXHHKe YCTynaeM, 1-10 B pa60Te 60eBoH <!>panUY3bI
He CMelOT c.n;eJIaTb HaM yrrpeKa.
He TOJIbKO <!>paHIJ;Y3bI Hac npe3HpaIOT, liO H CBOH Hac OnJle-
BbIBaIOT, Hat.J:a.n:bCTBO He .nOBepReT, a <ppaHQY30B, KOTopble CMOT-
pRT Ha Hac, KaK aHrJIH1.IaHe Ha HerpOB HJIH MbI Ha nepCIOKOB, y
Hac CaiKalOT Ha nepBoe MeCTO H .naIOT rrOJIHYIO B03MO:>KHOCTb
OMepTBeTb elUe rrOKa peTHBOMY cep.nIJ;Y pYCCKoro BoeHHoro
JIeT1.IHKa.
KpH3HC 6JIH30K.
25 cpeBpa.nR 1917 r. **
27 tjJe8paJlR - Ha aHrJIO-<!>paHQY3cKOH KOH<!>epeHIJ;HH B
Ka.n:e 6bIJI 0.n06peH nJIaH onepaUHH HMBeJIR. C QeJIbIO 06ecne-
t.J:eHH.H nOJIHOrO e.nHHCTBa KOMan.n;OBaHHR B Tet.J:eHHe npe.n;CTO-
5l I1X BoeHHbIX onepaUHH 06lUee PYKOBO.n;CTBO <ppanIJ;Y3cKoH
H aHrJIHHCKOH apMHRMM B03JIaraJIOCb Ha cppaHUY3cKoro rJIaB-
HOKOMaH.n;YIO ero.
B AHrJIHH C03.n;aH KOMI1TCT BOHHbI HO.n; npe.n;ce.naTCJIbCTBOM
JIJIOH.na ):1 JKOp.n JK a. JIJIOH.n ):1)f(Op.n;JK CMeHHJI Ha 3TOM nOCTY
JIop.na KHTt.J:eHepa, norH6rncro B HIOHe 1916 r. npH nO.l1pbIBe
6pl1TanCKOro Kpeticepa Ha MHHe.
· DJU'III 1-13 STHX nCKOpc IIPH6blUIIIHX n POCCHIO HCTpc6UTCJICti - KallaJ1CKHii
JICTLJHK DUJIJlI1 D tlIIOIl B MapTC MCC}1I1C Toro l'oJla C6HJI IICpl3hlii H:i 27 -MH
IICMCHKHX CaMOJICTO(), 6polilCilII blX Jla BOCTO"lllbIH ( POIiT JLJI}I YCHJICIIIUI.
.. 3Ta 6pollliopa . I-IaIIlCC1'OI-IC HIIOIIJICMCIlIl "'KOO. 6hIJIa CllayaJla olly6JIII-
Konalla 0 JIOIIJ10I(C, rllC KpYTClib lIaXOJ1HJIC}I lIa C1'(l)KllpoOKC.
440
A8ua UR BeJlUKOU 80Ullbl
MAPT
B 3TOM MeC.HQe B HCTpe6HTeJIbHYlO 3CKa,npI1JIbIO PI1XTrO-
<peHa BJII1JIC.H ero MJIa,nIllI1M 6paT ]JOTap.
PI1XTrocpeH: rro npH6bITHI1 OH, KOHe\.lnO, 6bIJI Ot.JeHb MO-
JIO.l1bIM 11 neBI1HHbIM JIeT\.II1KOM, KOTOpbIH 11 nOH.HTl1.H He I1MeJI
o MepTBOM neTJIe 11 BC.HKI1X TaKoro po,n:a TplOKax. Ho 6bIJI BeCb-
Ma ,nOBOJIeH Y)f(e TeM, \.ITO MO)f(eT no,n:H.HTb MaIllHHY B B03,nyx 11
ycnelliHo noca,n:MTb ee. I-Ia CJIe,nYIOI.UI1M JKe ,neHb 51 B351JI ero C
C060M B pa3Be,nKY, npOC.H JIeTeTb KaK MOJKHO 6JII1JKe KO MHe,
QT06bI OH Mor BHI1MaTeJlbHO CMOTpeTb, KaK 51 6y,n:y pacnpaB-
JI5ITbC.H C aHrJIMt.IaHaMI1. Ha TpeTHM HaIll cOBMeCTHbIH: nOJIeT 51
3aMeTI1JI, t.JTO OH B.l1pyr OT.l1eJIMJIC.H OT MeH.H, pl1HY JIC.H na aHr-
JIHQaHI1Ha 11 C6MJI ero. Cep,n:Qe Moe npel1CnOJIHI1JIOCb pa.aOCTblO.
Be,nb I1CKYCCTBY IIOpaJKaTb a3pOnJIaHbI npOTI1BHI1Ka HaY\.lMTb-
C.H Her.l1e, Bce 3aBI1CI1T JII1Illb I1JIH OT JII1t.JHOCTI1 JIeT\.IWKa I1JIM OT
peIllI1MOCTH II06e,n:MTb. 51 He fIery M 6bITb 11M He XOt.J 51 Bcero
JIMIIlb COJI,naT, MCnOJIH.HIOI.UI1M CBOH: ,nOJIr .
POCCI1.H Bce 60JIbllIe M 60JIbllIe OTCTaBana B 3TOH eBponet:i-
CKOH: aBMaIJ;MOHHOH: rOHKe.
1 Mapma - 113 OT\.IeTa pYCCKoro aBl1alUifOHHoro KOMaH,n:o-
naHl1.H B CTaBKY: ...CJIOJKI1JIaCb KpaMHe He6JIaronpl1.HTHaH 06-
CTaHOBKa ,n:JI.H HaIlleH: aB 11 aIJ;11 11. MaTepl1aJIbHaH \.IaCTb Ot.JeHb
113HOllieHa. I-IOBbIX CaMOJIeTOB IIocTynaeT O\.leHb MaJIO. Hama
aBHaQI1.H ,nei1cTByeT B YCJIOBI1.HX 3Hat.JI1TeJIbHOrO KOJII1t.JeCTBeH-
Bora 11 Kat.JeCTBeHHoro npeBocxo,nCTBa CaMOJIeTOB npOTI1BHH-
Ka. Pa3Be,n:bIBaTeJIbHa.H aBl1aUl1.H BbIHY)f(,n:eHa nepeHTI1 K rpyn-
nOBbIM nOJIeTaM no,n: npl1KpbITHeM MCTpe6HTeJIeH. l(aJIbH.H.H
pa3Be,nKa npOM3Bo,n:HTC51 O,nHHOt.JHbIMI1 CaMOJIeTaMI1-I1CTpe611-
TeJI.HMI1, a B oc060 BaJKHblX CJIYt.Ja.HX - rpynnaMM no 5- 7 caMO-
JIeTOB... Ha cero,nH.HWHI1H ,n:eHb 3a nepBble ,nBa MeC.Hua KaMna-
HI1M 1917 r. npOH3Be,neHO 2505 CaMOJIeTO-BbIJIeTOB, a Bcero C
Ha\.laJIa BOHHbI 31 162 CaMOJIeTO-BbIJIeTa...
MOJIJIb* : llpl1 nepBbIX:>Ke B03,nYIllHbIX 605lx BCCHOH 1917
* rCpMallcKHH MOpCKOH JICTY IK, KallHTall II pallra, KOMallJ1Hp Bl-lIlJlancKOro
OTIUIJla rHJlpOCaMOJICTOB.
1917zoa
441
rO.l1a Y PYCCKHX... 6bIJIO C6HTO BHH,naBCKHMH HCTpe6HTeJI.HMI1 4
CaMOJIeTa 6e3 BC5IKHX nOTepb C HallieH CTOpOHbI. 11 C Tex nop
Bce PyccKHe rl1,npocaMOJIeTbI, npH BI1J{e ,na:>Ke o,nHoro HarnefO,
nOBopat.u1BaJIl1 06bIt.JHO Ha3a,n H cnycKaJIHCb B paHoHe CBOHX
aBHat.JacTew I1JII1 ,lJ.030pHbIX Kopa6JIeH. I1x He Yl1aBaJIOCb pac-
llieBeJII1Tb H BbI3BaTb Ha 60H, ,na)Ke npHMeH5I5I oc06bIe npM1\1a-
HOqHbIe CaMOJIeTbI... 11 TOJlbKO HaL{ c06CTBeHHOH: Teppl1TOpHCM
pYCCKl1e nbITaJII1Cb Bcer,na C6HTb HalllH rl1L{pOCaMOJleTbI C no-
MOIltblO 60JIbIllOrO t.JI1CJIa CBOHX HCTpe6HTeJleH .
3 Mapma - I-IeMLlbI pa360M6HJIH aHrJII1HCKHH rOCITHTclJIb,
B KOTOpOM nOrl16JIH paneHble - )KCpTBbI He,naBHero llaJIeTa
repMaHCKI1X 60M6ap,nl1pOBllU1KOB.
10 Mapma - HeMeUKHe CaMOJIeTbI pa360M6HJIH elIte OJ{HH
aHfJII1HCKHH rOCnl1TaJIb; norH6JIH Bce paHeHbIe 11 2 CeCTpbI.
12 Mapma - (27 <peBpaJI5I) B POCCHI1 np0l13011IJla <DeB-
paJIbCKa51 6YP)Kya3Ho- ,neMOKpaTHqeCKa5I peBOJIIOUH5I.
IIOCJIe peBOJIIOUHH B JIeTHbIX llIKOJIaX 6bIJIa npOBeL{elIa 4:11-
CTKa, 06HapY)KeHbI o<pI1LlepbI, KOTopbIe He MMeJIH HH o,nHoro
60eBoro BbIJIeTa. OT PYKOBOL{CTBa JleTHbIMI1 IlIKOJIaMH 6bIJIH
oCB060)K,n:eHbI 6apoH BYKcreB,nen, nOJIKOBHI1K CTaMaTbeB H ,n:p.
MHorHx o<pl1uepoB BepHYJIH B KaBaJIepHIO H neXOTY.
15 Mapma - PI1XTro<peH: JIeT5I C 3cKa,n:pI1JIbeH, 51 B,lJ.PYf
3aMeTI1JI rrpOTHBHI1Ka, KOTOpbII1 Tenepb TO)Ke JIeTaJI TOJIbKO
3CKa,u,pHJIb5lMH. 3TO Bce np01130111J10 Ha,lJ. HallIHMH apTHJIJIepHH-
CKHMH n0311QI151MI1 no 6JII130CTI1 OT JII1HCa, TO eCTb ,nOCTaTOq-
HO ,naJIeKO, a HeT HHt.Jero 60JIee B036Y)I(,naIOIlterO, qeM BH,lJ.eTb
npOTHBHHKa, Kor,na ,lJ.0 Cpa)KeHH5I OCTaIOTC5I Ct.JHTaHHbie MI1IlY-
TbI. 51 ,na)Ke ,n:YMalO, qTO B TaKHe MfHOBCHH5I JIHUO Moe HCMHOfO
6JIe,lJ.HeJIO, HO CKa3aTb 3TO C TOqIIOCTblO He MOry - 3epKaJIa C
C060H Y MeH5I HI1Kor,na He 6bIJIO. MIle HpaBI1TC5I 3TO qYBCTBO
onaCHOCTH, nOCKOJIbKY OHO CI1JIbHO CTI1MYJIHPYCT nOBe,neIll1e.
I1TaK, TbI BH,nHllib Bpara. Tbi BI1J]J'lllib eJIYIO 3CKa.n.p:HJlbIO. TbI
Ct.JI1Taellib Bpa)KeCKHe MallIHHbi 11 6bICTpO paCCqHTbIBaeIlIb YC-
JIOB:H5I 6051. 04:elIb MHoroe 3aBI1CI1T B 3TOM CJIyqac OT HanpaB-
JleHH5I BeTpa, KY,lJ.a OH T5IHeT MalllHHY - K <PpOHTY HJIH OT <pPOH-
Ta. Hanpl1Mep, o,nHa)K,n:bI 51 no,n:CTpeJII1JI anfJIHqalIl1Ha H C,lJ.e-
JIM STOT (paTaJIbHbIH: BbICTpeJI Ha,n: aHrJIHHCKI1M:H n03I1UH5IMH,
442
A8uau,UR BeJlUKOU 80U1fbl
HO BeTep 6bIJI HaCTOJIbKO CMJIeH, t{TO aHrJIMMCKMH a3pOnJIaH
npM3eMJIMJIC5I He Y CBOHX, a KaK pa3 p5l,nOM C HaIIIMM Ha6JIIo,na-
TeJIbHbIM B03,nYIIIHbIM mapOM, TaK t{TO MHe nOBe3JIO... '
Hac 6bIJIO n5lTepO, aHr JIM'IaH B TPH pa3a 60JIbllIe. OHM JIe-
TeJIM, KaK MOlliKapa. PaCCTpOMTb TaKOH nOp5l,nOK B TaKOM CKon-
JIeHMM MaIIIMH - tteJIO HenpOCToe, H O,nHOMY a3pOnJIaHY 3TO He
no,n CMJIY. 3TO T5I)KeJIO ,nIDKe ,nJI5I HeCKOJIbKMX, oc06eHHO, eCJIH
MMeeTC5I TaKoe 'IHCJIeHHOe npeBocxo,nCTBO, KaK 6bIJIO B TOT pa3.
Ho, TeM He MeHee, MbI 'IYBCTBOBaJIH TaKoe BoOttymeBJIeHHe, 'ITO
COBepIIIeHHO He COMHeBaJIHCb B n06et(e. Ha BOHHe Bcer,na fJIaB-
Hoe BbICOKMH 60eBOH ,nyx, Han eHMe, nopbIB, H 60H B B03,l{y-
xe - He MCKJIIOqeHHe. IIpaBtta, HamM npOTHBHHKM, HaBepHoe,
t(YMaJIH TOqHO TaK )Ke, 'ITO 51 cpa3Y H OTMeTMJI npo ce6g. 3aMe-
THB Hac, OHM nOCTpOHJIHCb KpyroM M aTaKOBaJIM, 'Tenepb HaM
n5lTepblM Ha,n;o 6blJIO rJI5I,lteTb B 06a. MbI C6MJIMCb B TeCHbIM
KPY)KOK M npMrOTOBMJIMCb K npH6JIM)f(eHHIO aHrJIMHCKHX ,n)KeH-
T JIbMeHOB.
51 BHHMaTeJIbHO CMOTpeJI, He nocneIIIHT JIH KaKoH-HM6y,nb
113 HHX M He OTOpBeTC5I JIM OT KOMnaHMM. Ara! BOT M HameJIC5I
,nypa'IOK, KOTOpbIH TaK M c,neJIaJI. Tenepb ,n06paTbC5I ,no HerO
6bIJIO JIerKO, H 51 CKa3aJI ce6e: "STOT nponaJI". fpOMKO 3aKpM-
qaB, 51 PMHYJIC5I Ha Hero M no,nJIeTeJI COBceM 6JIM3KO. OH B OT-
BeT TYT )f(e OTKpbIJI 6ecnOp5l,l{O'IHYIO CTpeJIb6y, 'ITO rOBOpMJIO
TOJIbKO 0 TOM, 'ITO rocno,nMH HepBHMqaeT: Tor,na 51 CHOBa CKa-
3aJI ce6e: "lJ:aBaH, rOJIy6'IMK, CTpeJI5IH! Bce paBHO npoMaxHelIIb-
C5I". OH CTpeJI5IJI M3 KaKorO-TO HeM3BeCTHoro MHe 0PYIKI151, HO
Bce paBHO Ma3aJI. MHe Ka3aJIOCb, 'ITO 51 CM)KY nepeJ( rMraHT-
CKHM Kl1n5lll!MM KOTJIOM, M B 3TOM 6bIJIO MaJIO rrpH5ITHoro. IIpaB-
tta, aHrJIM'IaHe Bcer,na CTpeJI5IIOT MHoro M3 CBOMX ,nb5lBOJIbCKH
OTJIMqHbIX nYJIeMeTOB, M MbI 60JIee MJIM MeHee npMBbIKJIM K HIlM.
II pMBbIKHYTb Bettb MO)KHO peIIIMTeJIbHO KO BceMY. Ka)f(eTC5I, B
TOT MOMeHT 51 ,naJKe rpOMKO paCCMe5lJIC5I, HO CKOpO nOJIYQMJI 3a.
3TO xopomMH ypOK. llpM6JIM3HBIllMCb K aHrJIHQaHI1HY nO'ITH
BnJIOTHYIO, TO eCTb na TpMCTa Q:>YTOB, 51 npMrOTOBMJICg CTpe-
JI5ITb, npMueJIMJIC5I H ,naJI HeCKOJIbKO np06HbIX oqepe,neH. IIy-
JIeMeT 6blJI B nOp5lt(Ke M MblCJleHHO 51 y)f(e BH,neJI CBoero npo-
THBHMKa na,naIOll!MM.
1917zoa
443
B036Y)KJteHMe HeCKOJIbKO YJIerJIOCb. B TaKOM nOJIO:>KeHMl1
Ha,l{O OCTaBaTbCjI Ot.IeHb CnOKOMHbIM, C06paHHbIM M nOCTOjlHHO
MMeTb B BM,n;y, \.ITO M Te6.H TO:>Ke CMOryr C6MTb. O,n;HaKO B03.l{YllI-
HOrO 60.H 6e3 B036Y:>K,n;eHMjI Bce-TaKM He 6bIBaeT - npOCTO eMY
,n;OJI:>KHa 6bITb Mepa, 1160 6e3 MepbI TbI HenpCMeHHO COBepllIl1l1Ib
01lIM6KY MJIM, xY:>Ke Toro, 01lIM6KI1, 11 HMKor,n;a HMKoro He co6bellib.
Ho cnoKOHCTBl1e - ,n;eJIO npMBbI\.IKI1. Bo BC.HKOM CJlyqae, B TOT
pa3 OIllM6KM jI He c,n;eJIaJI. 51 npM6JIM3HJICjI K aUrJIl1lfaHMHY Ha
paCCTOjlHMe B njlTb.l{eCjlT jlp,n;OB * 11 CTan CTpeJIjlTb npl1l1eJIbHO,
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TOB , rl(e OH rrepeceJI Ha «CfIAl(- VII .
21 Mapma - PYCCKMH BOeHHbIM: JIeTlJMK fyceB 113 17 -ra
I(OprrYCHoro aBHaOTp5lJ(a C Ha6JIIO,n:aTeJIeM JI030BCKMM BbIJIe-
TeJIM paHHHM YTPOM Ha «MopaH - rrapacoJIe <poTorpa<pHpoBaTb
repMaHCKl1e rr03l1UI1I1. llpl1MepHO lJepe3 qac rrOCJIe BbIJIeTa na
a3po,n:pOM C006ll!HJIM, lJTO M.X CaMOJIeT BCTyrrHJI B B03l(YI.IIHbIM
60H C «AJIb6aTpOCOM , rrOCJIe qero IllTonopOM yrraJI na HeMel..{-
KOH TeppI1TOpMH. HaIllI1 JIeTlJHKM C6pOC11JII1 neMIJ;aM 3anHCK11
C rrpocb60H C006ll!HTb 0 cY,ll.b6e CBOHX TOBapl1ll!ei1.
Ha qeTBepTbIH l(eHb C «AJIb6aTpocC\ Ha rrepe)J,OBbIe OKorrbI
1917 lOa
449
PYCCKHX C6POCHJIM BbIMIIeJI C naKeTOM, B KOTOpOM aa HeMCQ-
KOM .H3bIKe 6bIJIO HanHCaHO: AnnapaT "MOpaH-napaCOJIb"
THna L N2 301 6bIJI C6MT B B03,l1YlliHOM 6010 23 (10) MapTa B
paHoHe ,l1epeBHH KOcMfP.leBKM. JIeTtlMK MepTB M noxopOHen
HaMH Ha nOJIe qeCTH, Ha6JIIO,l1aTeJIb paHeR, HaXO,l1HTC.H B rocnM-
TaJIe Ha nYTH K BbI3,l10pOBJIeHMIO».
BnOCJIe,l1CTBHM Ha6JIIo.n:aTeJIb JI030BCKMti BepHY JIC.H Ha Po-
,l1MHY H I10JIYtlHJI feOprH.H IV CTeneHH, TaK KaK AJlb6aTpoc , C
KOTOpbIM OHH C fyceBbIM BeJIM CBOM I10CJIe,l1HMM B03,l1YlliHbIM
60M, TaK)I(e ynaJI.
JIeT1.JMK fyceB A.M., OKOHtlHBlliMM B 1916 r. CeBaCTOnOJIb-
CKYID IlIKOJIY aBHaTopOB H norM611iHM 23-x JIeT, TaK)Ke 6bIJI YJ O-
CToeH feoprn.H IV CTeI1eHH. He33J(OJIrO,l(o CBOeM: rM6eJIH, 12 Map-
Ta (27 <peBpaJUl), OH, JIeTM C Ha6JIIO,l1aTeJIeM BaJIJIeMKO Ha CBO-
eM «MopaHe , C6H.1I O,l1HOMeCTHbIH repMaHCKHM HCTpe6MTeJIb.
B pe3YJIbTaTe YCI1elliHOrO ,l1ellCTBM.H COlO3HbIX BOHCK nO BM-
JIaCb B03MO)KHOCTb nepe6pOCMTb pycCKMe aBMaOTp.H,l1bI C Ca-
JIOHMKCKoro aapO,l1pOMa B IO)KHYID Cep6111O, Ha aapO,l1pOM no,l1
rOp0,l10M MOHaCTblpb, r,l1e, JIeTa.H, B OCHOBHOM, Ha CaMOJIeTaX
Bya3eH», OHM BeJIM apMeHCKYIO pa3Be,l1KY, 60M60MeTaHMe,
KoppeKTMpOBaHHe apTOfH.H.
PYCCKMMM aBMapa3Be,l1t1HKaMH 6bIJIO BCKpbITO 06X0,l1HOe
,l1BHJKeHMe npOTHBHHKa B CTbIK Me)K,l1y aBCTpMMCKMM H 6oJIrap-
cKO-MaKe,l10HCKMM <PPOHTaMM.
AnPEJIb
B aTOM MeC.HIJ;e oco6elIHO CI1JlbHO pa3fOpeJIaCb nO,l!BO,l1Ha.H
BOHHa, OHa ,l10CTMrJIa anore.H. EpMTaHM.H 3HaQMTeJIbHO paCIlIM-
pMJIa npOM3Bo,nCTBO ,l1MpM)Ka6JIeM Ii B,l1BOe YBeJIMtlHJIa KOJIMtle-
CTBO 6eperOBbIX CTaHQHH. HatlMHa.H C 3Toro MeC.HQa, Bce cY,l1a
BbIXO,nMJIM B Mope TOJIbKO no,l1 oxpaHOM MHHOHOCl.{CB, ,l1MpM-
)Ka6JIeH, npHB.H3HbIX aapOCTaTOB M rH,l1pOCaMOJIeTOB.
EpMTaHM.H paCIIOJIaraJIa YjKe CneHHaJIbHO C03)],aHHbIMH ,l1JHI
npOTHBOJI0,l10tlHOH 060POHbI ,ltHpH)Ka6JI.HMI1 Pa3Be,l1t1HK I10,l1-
BO,l(HbIX JIO OK» - SS (Submarine Scout) C MOTOpOM PeHO»
70 JI. c., pa3BI1HaBIl1I1X CKOpOCTb 50 KM/qac. OIlM nopoH 6paJIM
16 ABHaUHSI BeJIHKOH BOHHbl
450
A8Ua UJl BeJlU1COU BO'll.,fbl
Ha 60pT 7 -9-Kr 60M6bI H UMeJIH 3anac xo,na 4 qaca. Ha'IaJIu
pa3pa6aTbIBaTbCjI ,nHpH)l(a6nM 60nee cOBepmeHHoro TMna C 06-
TeKaeMOM 060nO'IKoH.
B fepMaHHH, Ha060poT, npOM3Bo,nCTBO ,nMpH)I(a6neH 6bIJIO
CBepHYTO; M3 15 HMeIOIUHXCR B HanMt.JMM BoeHHbIX ,l!upu)Ka6-
JIeH 6 6bInM nepe,naHbI MOPCKOMY Be,noMcTBY, a npOt.JMe B aBry-
CTe pa306paHbI. B MOpCKMX BoopY)I(eHHbIX CMJIaX cnYJKHnH OHM
no 06CTO TeJIbCTBaM, M BMeCTO pa3pymMTeJIbHbIX Han3J{eHMH
Ha AHrJIMIO HcnOnb30BaJIHCb Tenepb KaK ,naJIbHMe pa3Be,nttHKH
Hat( MopeM.
fMH,neH6ypr: 51 C )l(HBbIM MHTepecoM Cne,l{Hn 3a nonbITKoH
B 1917 r. B03,nymHbIM n)'TeM cHa6)1(aTb Hamy oxpaHY B BOCTOt.J-
HOH AcppMKe opY)KHeM M Me,l!MKaMeHTaMM. lI.ennenHH, KaK M3-
BeCTHO, JJ:OJIJKeH 6bIn nOBepHYTb 'Iepe3 Cy,naH, TaK KaK Hama
'IaCTb B STO BpeM nO,l!BHHYJIaCb YJKe K lOry M nepeHecJIa CBOM
onepauu" B nopryrarrbcKMe Bnal{eHM BOCTOt.JHOM A<PpMKM* .
PyCCKMe aBMaTopbI nO-npe)l(HeMY TIl{eTHO nbITaJIMCb ,nornaTb
no ypoBHIO BoopYJKeHM CBOHX eBponeHCKMX c06paTbeB M npo-
TMBHMKOB. llo COCTO HHIO Ha (1) anpeJI 1917 r. TonbKO 11 MC-
Tpe6HTeneH M He60JIbmOe 'IMCJIO o,nHOMeCTHbIX MMnopTHbIX
CaMOJIeTOB «CllAtl. H COnBUq., HaxOJJ:HBI.IIHXC B pacnop JKe-
HMM KopnYCHbIX aBMaOTp ,nOB, 6bIJIH OCHaIl{eHbI CMHxpOHH3aTO-
paMM .lIJU1 cTpeRb6bI t.Jepe3 BMHT. Bce OCTaJIbHbIe CaMOJIeTbI-MC-
Tpe6MTeJIH MMeJIM ny JIeMeTbI ,l{.lI cTpeJIb6bI nOBepx BHHTa.
(30 ceHT 6p ) 1916 r. YBBCI> 3aKa3aJIO 109 TypenbHbIX
YCTaHoBoK KOJInaKoBa**. B HBape 1917 r. 6bIJIO npMH TO
· B nopTyraJlbCKHC WIaJ1CIIIHI rcpMaliCKH" KOJlOIIHaJlbllblH OTpJlJt YIIIC)I B
KOIiIlC lIoH6p 3Toro rOJta. H IKaKHX COHJtCTCJlbCTB KOMaIlJ Y'Olilcro IICMCU-
KHMH IJOHCKaMJ.1 8 BOCTO"lIlOM A )pHKC JIcTIooa-<I>op6cKa 0 IIpH6blTHH HCII-
IlCJIHHa IICor; B03J1YUlllblH Kopa6Jlb IIC ClipaBHJIC C 3TOW 3aJta t icit
.. BCJtOMCTDO IIpH311aOaJ10, "11'0 110 cpaOIlCIiHIO C JlpyrHMH, .IIYJICMCTllbIC
YCTaliooKH Hfl)KCIICpa KOJlnaKOOa ropa3JlO lIaJtC)KIICC, YJt06l1cc U JIY1JIIIC 00
OCCX OTIIOIIICIIH X..
(11) allpcJI 1917 r. TCXIIH"ICCKHH KOMHTCT YBB<I> 0 COCTaBC IT.A. EOTc3a-
Ta, A.IT. <l>all J1Cp <l>JlH1'a, A.A. JIc6cJtCRa H Jtp. IIpH3I1aJI: .npcJI,JIO>KClillbIC
r-IiOM KOJlllaKOBblM IIYJICMCTllblC YCTalloBKH cro CHCTCMbl MOI)'1' 6blTb pCKO-
MCJlJtOOallbJ (IIPCJUI01JTHTCJlbIlO THJI co lIJ1'alifoH) JI,JI 060PYJt08aIlH lIa all-
HapaTax TH lIa nJIC6C/lh-12"; "COIIBH1J"; nCITAll" H T.Jl., T.C. 1136HMOIIOIIJlalI3X
CO CTpCJIKOM C:ia;lH .
1917 zoo
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JIMIlIb 23. O"H C ycnexoM npMMeHRJIMCb Ha CaMOJIeTaX JIe-
6eJJ;b-12., AHa,n;e. M 4COnBHq.. Ha (1) anpeJIR 1917 r. B PYC-
CKOM aBMaQMM qHCJIHJIOCb 1069nYJIeMeToB, B TOM qHCJIe JIblO-
HC. - 479, KOJIbT. - 352, BMKKepc. - 186, fOqKHHC -
52. B STO qHCJIO BXOJJ;MJIH TaKJKe Bce 3anaCHbIe nYJIeMeTbI, Ha-
XOJJ;HBUIMeCR Ha QeHTpaJIbHOM CKJIa,n;e.
Ha 3anaiJ1l0e8pOneuCKoM meampe np0,l10JI)KaJIaCb TparHt.Je-
CKaR roHKa TeXHMqeCKHX JJ;oCTMJKeHHH aBHanpOMbIIlIJIeHHMKOB.
ECJIM B 1916 r. TeXHMqeCKOe COBepIlleHCTBO CaMOJIeTOB TOJIbKO
ell1e Haqa.n:o HrpaTb peIllalOll{ee 3HaqeHHe, qeMY CBHJJ;eTeJIb-
CTBOM rH6eJIb 3aMeqaTeJIbHOrO 6pMTaHcKoro nMJIOTa 11. Xoy-
Kepa, TO B STOM rOJJ;Y OHO HaqHHaeT npHHHMaTb BOMCTHHY yr-
P0)K!lIOll{Me pa3MepbI. Ha An:b6aTpoce-DII., nORBMBIlIeMCR B
KOHQe 1916 r., YJIYt.JIlIHJIH 0630P, 0111, nORBHBIlIHMCR B Haqa-
JIe 1917 r., 6bIJI ell{e 6blcTpee H CKOpOnOJ{DeMHee. npeMMYll1e-
u u
CTBa O,l1HOH CTOpOHbI BbIJIMJIHCb B Tpare,l1HIO JJ;JIR ,l1pyroH -
anpeJIb 1917 r. MMeHOBaJICR COlO3HHKaMH He MHat.Je, KaK KpO-
BaBbIH.. CpeJJ;HRR np0,l10JIJKHTeJIbHOCTb JKH3HH nHJIOTa COI03-
HHKOB He npeBbIIlIaJIa TOr,l1a Tpex He,l1eJIb.
2 anpeJlR - PMxTro<peH: 2 anpeJIR 1917 rOJJ;a 6bIJI JKap-
KHM JJ;HeM JJ;JIR MoeM SCKa,JJ:pHJIbM. fpOM H JIaM nYJIeMeTOB CJIbI-
IlIeH 6bIJI JJ;(l)Ke B MoeM KBapTMpe H CTaHOBHJICR Bce CMJIbHee.
51 ell{e BaJIRJICR B nOCTeJIH, KorJJ;a B KOMHaTY BOpBaJIC.H op-
JJ;MHapeQ H KPMKHYJI: "AHrJIHt.JaHe!" COBepIlleHHo COHHbIH, R
BblrJIRHYJI B OKHO H YBMJJ;eJI, qTO MOM TOBapMll{H OKPYJKMJIM
aSpO,l1pOM nJIOTHbIM KOJIbQOM M CTORT 3a,n;paB rOJIOBbI. BbICKO-
qMB M3 nOCTeJIH H Koe-KaK HaTRHYB <POPMY, R 6pOCMJICR K CBO-
eMY "KpaCHeHbKOMY", KOTOpbIM 6bIJI YJKe BbIBeJJ;eH H3 aHrapa H
rOTOB K CTapTY. Moti MexaHHK 3HaJI, qTO R He ynYll{Y TaKoti 3a-
MeqaTeJIbHblti CJIyqati, M IIOSTOMY Bce 6bIJIO YJKe rOTOBO. 51 Ha-
TRHY JI YHTbI M 3aJIe3 B MaIllHHY.
51 BbIJIeTaJI nOCJIe,l1HMM, TOBapHll{H MOM 6bIJIM ropa3,l10 6JIM-
JKe K HenpMRTeJIIO, H jI Ot.JeHb 60RJICR, qTO ,l106blqa YCKOJIb3HeT
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Ha MeHR. 51 n03BOJIHJI eMY n0,l1011TH n06JIHJKe, H T)'T HaqaJIaCb
452
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HeTC$I TOMY, KTO cnOKOMHeM, KTO JIYtIllie CTpeJISIeT M KTO coxpa-
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ero no,n: ce6$1, npaKTM1JeCKH He nOJIb3Y$lCb nYJIeMeTOM. MbI Ha-
XO,n:HJIMCb npMMepHO B ,n:BYX KHJIOMeTpax OT JIMHMH cppOHTa, H
$I ,n:YMaJI, tITO OH XOtIeT ceCTb. Ho OIIIM6C$I. HeO)KM,n:aHHO, Kor,n:a
aHrJIHtIaHMH 6bIJI Bcero B HeCKOJIbKHX $Ip,n:ax OT 3eMJIH, OH CHO-
Ba nOtITM OTBeCHO B3MbIJI BBepx H nOnbITaJIC$I TaKMM 06pa30M
YMTH OT MeH$I. 3TO He BXO,n:MJIO B MOM nJIaHbI, $I 6pocaJlC$I B
aTaKY Ha TaKOM He60JIbIIIOM BblCOTe, \ITO 60 JIc$I 3a,n:eTb KOJIe-
caMH 3a ,n:epeBb$l M KpbIlliH ,n:OMOB JIe)Kam;eM BHM3Y ,n:epeBeHb-
KH. AHrJIMlJaHMH 3am;HlI.{aJIC$I ,n:o nOCJIe,n:Hero, M B caMbIM noc-
JIe,l{HHM MOMeHT $I OlI.{YTMJI, tITO MOTOp MOM np06HT. Ho ynyc-
TMTb Bpara! OH ,n:OJI)KeH ynaCTb! AHrJIHlJaHHH CTaJI pe3Ko
YXO,l{HTb BnpaBo, np$lMO K ,l{OMaM, HO IIIaHCOB Y Hero 6bIJIO Y)Ke
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aJIbHOM 3am;MTbI. Oll ,n:paJIC$I, KaK JIeB, XOT$I, Ha MOM B3rJI$lJ{,
BC$I STa xpa6pOCTb CMaXMBaJIa 60JIbIlle Ha rJIynocTb. 3TO 6bIJI
HMeHHO TOT CJIYtIaM, Kor,n:a Ha,n:o nOHMMaTb pa3JIMtIMe MeJK,n:y
SHeprMtIHOCTblO H M,l{MOTH3MOM. OH Bce paBHO ,n:OJI)KeH 6bIJI
ceCTb, HO npe,n:nOtIeJI nOtIeMY-TO paCnJIaTMTbC$I 3a CBOIO rynocTb
)KM3HblO.
MHe OtIeHb nOHpaBHJIaCb pa60Ta Moero "KpaCHeHbKoro"
STMM YTPOM 11, ,n:OBOJIbHbIM, 51 BepHYJIC$I,n:OMOM. TOBapMlI.{M em;e
He BepHYJIHCb, HO nOTOM 6bIJIM O\IeHb y,n:MBJIeHbI, Kor,n:a 3a 3aB-
TpaKOM $I paCCKa3aJI MM 0 MoeM TpH,n:uaTb BTOpOM Tpocpee. B
STOM 6010 O,l{HH MOJIo,n:eHbKI1M JIeMTeHaHT TaKJKe C6MJI CBOIO
)KepTBY, M nOTOMY MbI Bce 6bIJIM oc06eHHo BeCeJIbI M CTaJIH ro-
TOBHTbC$I K HOBbIM CpaJKeHM$lM C Y,l{BOeHHbIM 3HTY3Ma3MOM.
TOJIbKO nOTOM $I norneJI H npMBeJI ce6$1 B nOp$l,n:OK, a ,l{0 SToro
He 6bIJIO ,n:aJKe BpeMeHM. TYT JKe KO MHe npl1lIIeJI JIeMTeHaHT
<Docc M3 3CKa,n:pMJIbM neJIbKe M MbI MHoro 60JITaJIM. <Docc ne-
1917 lOa
453
pe,n: 3THM C6HJI CBOM ,n:Ba,nQaTb TpeTI1M a3pOnJIaH, M CTO$lJI Te-
nepb B CnHCKe Cpa3Y 3a MHOM. OH 11 no ceM ,n:eHb O,n:HH 113 ca-
MbIX cepbe3HbIX MOHX KOHKypeHTOB.
Kor,n:a OH CTaJI YXO,n:HTb, $I npe,n:JIO)KI1JI nOJIeTeTb BMeCTe C
HHM Ha KaKoe-TO paCCTO$lHHe, H MbI OTnpaBI1JIHCb KPY)KHbIM
nYTeM tlepe3 <ppOHTbI. IToro,n:a nOpTHJIaCb, H naHTI1 eme KaKYIO-
HM6y,n:b 3a6any MbI ,n:a)Ke He paCCt.IHTbIBaJIH.
rIo,n: HaMH CT05IJIH nJIOTllbIe 06JIaKa, MeCTHOCTI1 <Docc He
3HaJI H CTaJI nOTHXOHbKY HepBHH'-:IaTb. I-Ia.n: AppaCOM MbI BCTpe-
THJIMCb C MOI1M 6paTOM, KOTOpbIH TO)KC CJIY)KI1JI B MoeM 3CKal(-
pHJIbe H TO)Ke nOTep5IJI ,n:opory l(OMOH. OH npHcoe,n:I1HI1JIC$I K
HaM, TOTtlaC Y3HaB MeH5I no QBeTY MoeM MaIllHHbI.
HeO)KH,n:aHHO MbI YBI1J.{eJIIi npH6JII1)1(aIOlU:YIOC$I K HaM 3C-
Ka,n:pHJIbIO, H MHe cpa3Y npl1IllJIa B rOJIOBY MbICJIb - BOT JICTI1T
MOM Tpl1,n:UaTb TpCTI1H. fOJIy6'-:1HK. Ho nCCMOTp51 na TO, tlTO aHf-
JII1t1aH 6bIJIO B TPH pa3a 60JIbIlle 11 HaXOl(I1JIHCb 01111 Ha,n: CBOCH
TeppHTOpl1eM, OHH npe,n:nO'-:lJII1 He BB5I3bIBaTbC$I B 60tL TOfJ1.a-
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CKopoCTbI
51 OKa3aJIC5I K npOTI1BHHKY 6JIH)I(e Bcex Ii TYT )Ke aTaKOnaJI
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TOBapHll(H ero 6POCHJIH, a 3HatlHT, MHe npe,n:CTO$lJIa HOBa$l ,n:y-
3JIb. 3TOT 60H OtleHb HanOMHHJI TOT, tlTO npOH30IlleJI YTPOM,
npOTHBHHK JIOBKO BbIKPYtlHBaJIC$I, ,n:eMOHCTpHpOBaJI npeKpac-
Hoe 3HaHHe npHeMOB H, K MoeM ,n:ocal(e, OTJII1t.IHO CTpeJI5IJI. Bce
3TO CTaJIO MHe $ICHO OtleHb CKOpO.
Ho MHe Ha nOMOmb npHIlIeJI y,n:atlHbIH BeTep, KOTOpbIH no-
TamHJI Hac 060HX K HaIlIHM n03HQH$lM, H MOH npoTHBHHK CMeK-
HYJI, '-:ITO Bce He TaK npOCTO, KaK eMY Ka3aJIOCb. OH HbIPHYJI H
CKpbIJIC$I B 06JIaKe, CtlHTa$l ce65I npaKTHtleCKM cnaceHHbIM.
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tlTO nOllaJI np$lMO K HeMY H, '-:ITO ell(e JIytlIllC, tlYTb C3aJ(H. 51 OT-
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454
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'ITO Hrpa npOHrpaHa. ECJIH 6bl OH npot(OJI:>KaJI CTpeJIjlTb, TO jI
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npot(OJI:>KaJI 3arn;Hrn;aTbCjI TO'IHO TaK:>Ke KaK ero COnJIeMeHHHK
cerOt(H.H YTPOM. OH 60pOJIcg t(0 caMoro npH3eMJIeHHjI, a Kort(a
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466
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1917 zoa
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1917 lOiJ
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1917 zoo
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qeTbIpe 60JIbllIHe npOH3Bo.n:CTBeHHbIe nporpaMMbI rapaH-
THPYIOT HaM... onpeJ(eJIeHHOe npeBOCXOJ(CTBO no JIHHHH o6ec-
nelJeHHH 60eBbIMH cpeJ(cTBaMH. BOT 3TH nporpaMMbI:
1. PacIllHpeHHoe npOH3Bo.n:CTBO 60eBbIx CaMOJIeTOB, 3a KO-
TOpbIM nOCJIeJ(yeT oCYll!ecTBJIeHHe 60JlbllIOH nporpaMMbI no-
CTpOHKH 60M6oB030B, CJteJIaIOT Hac X03 eBaMH B B03J(yxe.
2. Mbl YJtBOI1M HallIY HaJIHlJHOCTb J(aJIbH06oHHbIX OPyJtHH.
3. 3aKa3 Ha nocTpoHKY 2500 TaHKOB...
4. OrpoMHbIM 3aKa3 Ha J(OBHTbIe ra3bI H JtbIMOBbIe cpe.n:-
CTBa.. .
3TH nporpaMMbI 6bIJlH BHymeHbI neqaJIbHbIMM: ypOKaMH 16
anpeJIH 0 Heo6xoJ(MMOCTM: OBJIa,n;eHHlI B03J(YXOM JJ;JI pa3pyme-
u u
HM nOJt3eMHbIX TpaHllIeM H YKpenJleHHH, 3all.{HTbI OT nYJIeMeT-
Horo orH C nOMOll!bIO TaHKOB....
18 MaR - B ClllA (BI1epBbIe nOCJIe rpIDKJ{aHCKOH BOHHbI)
H3J(aeTC 3aKOH 0 Bceo6ll.{eH BOHHCKOH nOBMHIIOCTH, no KOTO-
· I1CTCII All pH <I>HJlHIlIl (1856-1951) - Mapllla.n <I>pallllHH (1918). C
1914 r. - KOMallJ.lYlolIlHH apMHH, 0 1917 r. - rJlaOIiOKOMaIlJlYloIUHH. B1940-
1944 r. - rJ.ana cppalluY3CKoro .BHIIIHcTcKoro. IIpaOHTc.'.bcToa; 0 1945 r.
npHI"ODOpCII K paCCTpcJIY (3aMCIlCIl JlO)KH3I1CIIII blM 3aKJIIOlJCIII-ICM).
472
A8Ua UJl BeJlu'Kou 80U1tbl
POMY B apMMIO npM3bIBaIOTCH JIMQa MY)KCKOrO nOJIa B B03paCTe
OT 21 rot(a t(0 30 JIeT.
B POCCMM nO-npe)KHeMY ycnellIHo npot(OJI)KaJIa CBOIO 60e-
BYIO t(eHTeJIbHOCTb 3BK.
21 MaR - KanMTaH f.B. KJIeM60BcKMH Ha I1M-15 BCTY-
fIl1JI B B03AYllIHbIM 60H C TpeMH HeMeQKHMH HCTpe611TeJIHMM H
C61IJI t(BYX 113 HI1X, KOTOpbIe OCMeJIMJIHCb nOt(OHTI1 CJII111IKOM
6JIM3KO. Ha 60PTY MM-15 MeXaHHK fOJIy6eQ 6bIJI JIerKO pa-
HeH B nJIe"Io. B03t(YlliHOe CYt(HO nOJIY"IHJIO HeCKOJIbKO nOn3J{a-
HHM, KOTOpbIe nOBpet(MJII1 npOneJIJIep M BbIBeJII1 H3 CTpOH Ot(HH
M3 t(BMraTeJIeM.
MCTOpM:H 3TOrO peHt(a TaKOBa: 11M -15 BbIJIeTeJI H3.HreJIb-
HMl1bI, Henot(aJIeKY OT qepTKoBa)'TPoM (8 MtuI) 1917 r. 3KHnIDK
COCT05lJI 113 KOMaH,l{Hpa Kopa6JI5I, KanHTaHa f.B. KJIeM60BcKOro;
3aMeCTHTeJIH KOMaHt(Hpa JIeHTeHaHTa ,l{eMH"IeBa-MBaHOBa; ap-
TI1JIJIepHHCKOrO o<pHl1epa KanHTaHa TI.B. I1BaHoBcKoro; BoeH-
HOrO nHJIOTa IlITa6c-KanHTaHa <I>e,l{OpOBa; H MeXaHHKa, YHTep-
ocpHl1epa fOJIy6Qa. Ha 60PTY CaMOJIeTa 6bIJIO 606 Kr 6eH3HHa,
131 Kr MaCJIa, llIeCTb 16- Kf 60M6 H 1.JeTbIpe ny JIeMeTa, BKJIIO"I(UJ
BHKKepc H JIbIOHC, a TaK)Ke ,l{Ba JIerKHX nYJIeMeTa M3J{CeHa.
TIaTpoHoB - C H36bITKOM. MapllIpyr BbIJIeTa: .HreJIbHHQa, MOH-
CTpe)KHCKO, JIHnHQa, J!OJIbHa H CeJIbCKOx03jJHCTBeHHbIH KOMn-
JIeKC B XyrHCKO, r.ne HaxO,l{HJICjlIlITa6 22-H TYpeQKOH neXOTHOH
,l{HBM:3HH. Bo BpeWi nOJIeTa 3KHnIDK B03ltymHoro CY,l{H3 crpe-
JIHJI 113 ny JIeMeTOB no BpIDKecKHM OKOnaM. qeTbIpe 6oM6bI, c6po-
llleHHble Ha X)'THCKO, nOnaJIH B CTpOeHHjJ H BbI3BaJlH nO:>KapbI.
Ha 06paTHOM nyTH, npHMepHO B ,l{ecjJTH KHJIOMeTpax OT HalllHX
OKonOB, B paHOHe )tepeBHH Me\lHlltYB, TpH .<I>oKKepa. npH6JIH-
3HJIHCb H aTaKOBaJIH .I1M-1S. C33,ltH. OmeTHblM orneM O,nHH
HCTpe6I1TeJIb 6bIJI C6HT H ynM B JIecy HenOltaJIeKY OT repMaH-
CKHX TpaHllIeH. BTOpoH <DoKKep. 6bIJI c6HT y)l(e H3,lt HaweH
TeppHTopHeH.113-3a nOBpe)K.l{eHHH, KOTopbIe nOJI)"IR7I .I1M -15.
H M3-3a paHeHHH MexaHHKa fOJIy6Qa 3KHnIDK He BH.ZJ;eJI n3J{eHHe
cDoKKepa .I1H<t>oPMaIUUI 06 YHH"ITO)KeHHH repMaHCKHX CaMO-
JIeTOB 6bIJIa nepe,l{ana B IlITa6 apMHH tlaCTHMH XLI apMeHcKoro
Kopnyca. CBM,l{eTeJIH YKa3bIBaJIH, "ITO B03JJ;YIlIHbIH 60H npoxo-
t(MJI Ha BbICOTe OT 1800 t(o 2400 MeTpoB.
1917 lOa
473
3a 3TH 60eBbIe ,neMCTBM 3aMeCTI1TeJIb KOMaH,nMpa I1M-
15 JIeMTeHaHT ,l{eMMtJeB-HBaHOB 6bIJI lIarpa)K,neH Op,nenOM
CB. reoprM IV CTeneHM. KanMTaH I1BaHoBcKMH M llITa6c-
KanMTaH <l>e,nopoB - feoprHeBcKHMM MetJaMH, YHTep-ocpHlJ,ep
fOJIy6el{ - feoprMeBcKMM KpeCTOM. KOMaH,nMp HM-15 , Ka-
I1MTaH KneM60BcKMM 6bIJI TaK:>Ke peKOMeH,nOBaH K Harpa)K,l{e-
HMIO op,neHOM CB. reoprM IV CTeneHM. 3Ta peKOMeH,naIU1.H
6bIJIa nOCJIaHa tIepe3 IIlTa6 IOro-3anaJ.{Horo cppoHTa B reoprl1-
eBcKMH COBeT B neTporpa.ne, HO nOCJIeJ.{YIOll!Me peBOJIIOl{MOH-
Hble C06bITM nOMellIaJIM KanHTaHY KneM60BCKOMY nOJIYtJHTb
Harpa.n;y.
. nOCJIe B03,nYlliHoro 60 KanMTaH KneM60BCKl1H nOJIYlJ:MJI
CJIe,n:YIOll!YIO TeJIerpaMMY OT KOMaH.n:YIOll!erO IOro-3ana.llHbIM
cppOHTOM:
rJIaBHOKOMaH,nYIOll!MM npMKa3aJI nepe.n:aTb CBOIO rJIy60KYIO
6JIaro,napHOCTb BceM tIJIeHaM 3KMna)Ka HM-15 3a MX OTBa)K-
HbIe ,neHCTBM BO BpeM B03,nYIIlHoro 60 B paHOHe ltepeBHM
MetIHll!YB.
24 MaR - OltMH M3 OTp ,n:OB 3BK HenOltaJIeKY OT TapHono-
JI MCnbITaJI fJIy60KMH peBOJIIOl{MOHHbIM KpM3MC, KOTOpblM MMeJI
TparnqeCKHe nOCJIeJ{CTBM ; (11 MIDI) 1917r. y ropo,na MMKYJIH-
CTa, BMeCTe co BceM 3KHnIDKeM pa36HJIC .I1M-1 . Tenepb y)Ke
o<pH.u;epbI HaqanH CTpanaTb OT HH)KHMX tIHHOB. KorJta B03,n:YllI-
Hoe CYllHO HaxO,lUiJIOCb B B03Jtyxe, CJIOMaJIaCb 01l.Ha H3 CToeK.
HHI.{HJ(eHT 6bIJI pe3YJIbTaTOM npe,nH3MepeHHoro Ca60T3)J(a. KTO-
TO OCJIa6WI CTOHKY H Y1I.ep)l(HBaIOIl1He ee TpocbI, H 3TOT ymep6
Mor 6bITb npe1l.0TBpaIl1eH', eCJIH 6bI WTaTHbIH MexaHHK .11 M -1
M.T. lIlHJtJlOBCKHH, KOTOpbI:H BCerlta TIltaTeJIhHO o6CJlen.oBaJI
CaMOJIer nepe1l. BblJIeTOM, HaxOn.HJICJI Ha CJIY)K6e. IlIMNIoBCKMH
3CUlBHJI, '1TO 6bIJI 60JleH B pe3YJIbTaTe nOCTOjlHHblX oCKop6JIe-
HHH H yrpo3 OT HH)KHHX qHHOB OCKa.nPHJIbH. OH 6bIJI nOMell!eH
B rocnHTaJIb. O<pHl1epbI .HM..1 , OrnpaBJI BWHeCjI Ha 60eBoe
33.l1aHHe, MOrJIH npocMoTpeTb TaKYIO BeInb, KaK OCJIa6JIeHHYIO
u v
CTOMKY HJIH 1I.IDKe Y1l.aJ.IeHHYIO raHKY.
Bo BpeMjI KaTacTpocpbI 110rM6 BeCb 3KHna)K. KOMaH.n:Mp
.I1M-1 JIeHTeHaHT f.l1. JIaBpoB 6bIJI cpJIOTCKMM aBMaTopoM,
KOTOpbIM B 1914 r. COBepllIMJI nOJIeT B KMeB BMeCTe C CMKOp-
474
A8ua UR BeJlUKOU 80UHbl
CKHM. B TO BpeWl JIaBpoB KOMaHJJ;OBaJI OTJJ;eJIbHbIM OTp JJ;OM
3BK.l.{PYfHMH 'IJIeHaMH SKHna)Ka, nOfH6IllHMH B pe3YJIbTaTe
3TOH Tparn'IeCKOH aBapHH 6bIJIH: 3aMeCTHTeJIb KOMaH,l(Hpa JIeij-
TeHaHT B.K. BHTKOBCKHH; JIeHTeHaHT 1lI0KaJIbCKHH, KanHTaH
OTpellIKO, npanOpIUHK BaJIalliOB H MeXaHHK Ca<poHoB.
25 MaR - fepMaHcKHe 60M6apJJ;HpOBIUHKH fOTIa npe,l(npH-
HSlJIH CBoe nepBoe B03JJ;YIllHoe Hana.neHHe Ha AHfJIHIO. C aspo-
JJ;pOMa B BeJIbfHH OTnpaBHJIHCb 23 CaMOJIeTa, Ka)KJJ;bIH H3 HHX
Hec Ha 60PTY no 13 60M6. 113-3a CHJIbHOH 06JIatlHOCTH JJ;O JIOH-
JJ;OHa JJ;06pa.nHCb TOJIbKO 2 MallIHHbI. OHH C6POCHJIH 5 60M6,
KOTopbIe npH'IHHHJIH pa3pymeHHSI 60JIee 3HatlHTeJIbHbIe, tleM
npOH3BOJJ;HJlH QenneJIHHbI. BbIJIO y6HTO 95 tleJIOBeK, B TOM tlHC-
JIe 25 JJ;eTeH H 16 BoeHHbIX, 192 'IeJIOBeKa 6bIJIO paHeHO. Oc-
TaJIbHbIe CaMOJIeTbI C6POCHJIH 60M6bI B KeHTe.
fpeR: B AHfJIHH CTaJIH H3BeCTHbI TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIe "BOHf-
BOHfH", np03BaHHbIe TaK 3a xapaKTepHblH 3BYK, KOf,l(a OHH nBbI-
XO,l(HJIH H3 <pa3bIu. Tenepb, YBbI, OH xopomo H3BeCTeH BceM
)l(HTeJI M IOfo- BOCTOtlHOfO n06epe)Kb AHfJIHH KaK 3BYK 60M-
6apJJ;HpOBIUHKOB "foTa" .
fHM:HeMep CTaBHT peKOp,l( - B O,l(HH JJ;eHb c6HBaeT 'IeTbIpe
fepMaHCKHX CaMOJIeTa.
27 JHaR - <I>paHQY3cKHH JIeTtlHK O)l(e OJJ;HH aTaKOBaJI rpyn-
ny M3 meCTH fepMaHCKHX CaMOJIeTOB H CMOf npHHY,l(HTb ee CHH-
3HTbC C BbICOTbI 4500 M JJ;O BbICOTbI 2500 M. 3aTeM OH)I(e aTa-
KOBaJI ,l(PyrylO rpynny H3 BOCbMH repMaHCKHX JJ;BYXMeCTHbIX
CaMOJIeTOB H 3aCTaBHJI ee paCCbInaTbC , OJJ;MH H3 CaMOJIeTOB
CHH3HB ,l(0 BbICOTbI 500 M. O,l(HaKO HH O,l(HOfO CaMOJIeTa C6HTb
eMY He y,naJIOCb.
28 MaR. - B POCCHH fJIaBHOKoMaHJJ;YIOIUHM PYCCKOH ap-
MHH Ha3Ha'IeH feHepaJI BpYCHJIOB.
BPYCHJIOB: ....B nOJIOBHHe MaS! 1917 f. 6bIJI Ha3HatleH Bep-
XOBHbIM rJIaBHOKoMaHJJ;YIOIUHM. 51 nOHHMaJI, 'ITO, B CYIUHOCTH
BOHHa ,nJI Hac KOH'IeHa, H60 He 6bIJIO 6e3YCJIOBHO HHKaKHX
cpe,nCTB 3aCTaBHTb BOHCKa BoeBaTb. 3TO 6bIJIa XHMepa....
TeM He MeHee cJIY)l(6a llIJIa CBOHM qepeJJ;OM. HaKoHeQ-To B
PYCCKHX BOM:CKaX nOHBHJIC napalliIOT KOTeJIbHHKOBa, H306pe-
TeHHbIH H HcnbITaHHbIH elUe B 1911 fO,ny.
1917 lOa
475
B 3TOM MeC.sn,.{e napalliIOT KOTeJIbHHKOBa HCnbITbIBaJIC.SI B
28-M KOpnYCHOM B03J{yxOnJIaBaTeJIbHOM OTpgJ(e. BHaqaJIe C
..
HHM C BbICOTbI OKOJIO 300 M c6paCbIBaJIH q)"-leJIo. TIepBbIH npbI-
JKOK C napalliIOTOM cJ(eJIaJI nOJ(nopytIHK OCTpaToB. -«C BbICOTbI
OKOJIO 500 M nOJ(nopY'lHK OCTpaToB BblnpbIrHYJI H3 KOp3HHbI
HoraMH BHH3. napalliIOT na,naJI OKOJIO 4 ceKYHJ{, He OTKpbIBa-
.HCb, a 3aTeM paCKpbIJICg, H na,aeHHe npoJ{OJImaJIOCb nJIaBHO M
J(OBOJIbHO MeJ{JIeHHO, HO 6JIH)Ke K 3eMJIe naJ{eHHe HeCKOJIbKO
YCKOpHJIOCb. CnYCK 3aKOHqHJICg BnOJIHe 6JIarOnOJIyqHO. lIo
CJIOBaM nOJ{nop)"-lHKa OCTpaTOBa, npH cnYCKe TOJItIKOB H Ka-
KHX-JIH60 6oJIe3HeHHbIX gBJIeHHM He OIUYIUaJI .
TeM He MeHee, HeCMOTpg Ha nOJIOmHTeJIbHOe 3aKJIJOqeHHe
06 HcnbITaHHH napallilOTa KOTeJIbHHKOBa, MHorHe OTHOCHJIHCb
K 9TOMY BHJ(Y cnaCeHHg CKenTHtIeCKH. OnaCaJIHCb rJIaBHbIM
06pa30M Toro, '1TO BO BpeMg na,aeHHg J{O MOMeHTa paCKpbI-
THg napalliIOTa qeJIOBeK 6YJ{eT HcnbITbIBaTb 60JIe3HeHHble B-
JIeHHg. lIpH 9TOM CCbIJIaJIHCb Ha rrpaKTHKY 6bICTporo cnYCKa
Ha a3pOCTaTe, KorJ{a Ha6J1IOJ{aJIHCb npHJIMB KpOBH K rOJIOBe,
KpOBOTeqeHHe H3 ropJIa H Hoca, IlIYM H 60JIb B Ylliax. KOMaH-
J{Hp 5-ro apMeMCKoro B03J{yxOnJIaBaTeJIbHOrO oTpMa AHOlUeH-
KO CBHJ{eTeJIbCTBOBaJI 0 BbICKa3bIBaeMbIX onaCeHHjlX, qTO B
nepBbIH MOMeHT paCKpbITHg napalliIOTa nOJIyqMTCg CJIHIlIKOM
CHJIbHbIH TOJIqOK, KOTOpbIH npOH3BeJ(eT 06IUee COTp.SICeHMe
nHJIOTa H T. n. j{eJIO OCJIO)KHgJIOCb elUe H TeM, qTO KOMaHJ{O-
BaHHe 3aKynHJIO BO <I>paHI..{HH rrapalliIOTbI )l(IOKMeca, HeHa-
J(emHble H onaCHble, H YCMJIeHHO peKOMeHJ{OBaJIO MX K npH-
MeHeHHIO.
BnpOqeM, JJ;ame 9TOT napalliIOT BnOJIHe Mor nopoH CnaCTI1
JKH3Hb JIeTqHKa. He3a,nOJIrO J{O 9THX HcnbITaHHH, 25 .SIHBap.SI
npOH3011IeJI 3a6aBHbIH CJI)"-IaH. BHe3anHO pacKpbIBlllHHCg H
oTopBaBIlIHHC.SI OT 060JIOtIKM 3MeMKOBoro aapOCTaTa napalliIOT
HaCHJIbHO BbITalUHJI H3 KOp3HHbI B03J{yxOnJIaBaTeJI.SI 6-ro OT-
p.SIJ(a MMIUKoHTa. K CqaCTbIO, cnYCK Ha 3eMJIIO npOllIeJI 6JIaro-
nOJIYtIHO . lIoJ{06HbIH CJIyqaH HMeJI MeCTO H B Mae npeJ(bIJ(Y-
IUero rOJ{a, HO B TOT pa3 Ha6JIIOJ{aTeJIb ycneJI 06pe3aTb napa-
llIIOT H OCTaJICg B rOHJ{OJIe.
j{JIjI YCTpaHeHHg nOJ{06HbIX CJIyqaeB nOJ{rropyqHK 12-tj
476
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80Ullbl
B03,l{yxOnJIaBaTeJIbHOH pOThI H.l{. AHOmeHKO pa3pa60TaJI H
npe,l{JIO)l(HJI CBOIO CMCTeMY nO,l{BeCKH napallIIOT .
B nepBhIe rO,l{hI BOHHhI K napalliIOTaM BCe aBHaTOphI H B03-
,l{yxOnJIaBaTeJIH OTHOCHJIHCh C 60JIhllIHM He,l{OBepHeM. O,l{Ha-
KO, nO,l{BepraBllIHeC5I BCe 60JIee 1.JaCTbIM Hana.aeHH5IM HCTpe6H-
TeJIeH B03,l{yxOnJIaBaTeJIH, CTaJIH nOJIh30BaThC5I napalliIOTaMH.
11, KaK 3TO HH CTpaHHO, napalliIOThI npHMeH5IJIHCh B PYCCKOH
apMHH TOJIbKO B B03,l{yxOnJIaBaTeJIhHhIX pOTaX, JIeTtIHKH TeX JIeT
npeHe6peraJII1 3TMM Cpe,l{CTBOM. HHKTO H3 HHX He BbICKa3aJIC}!
OTKphITO no 3TOMY nOBO,l{y, HO CKopee Bcero, y KaJK,l{OrO H3 HHX
B nO,l{aBJI}!IOlUeM 60JIhllIHHCTBe CJIY1.JaeB 6bIJIa Ha.aeJK,l{a cnac-
TH CaMOJIeT, TaK HJIM HHa1.Je ,l{OT}!HYB ,l{0 nO,l{XO,l{}!mero MeCTa H
nOCa,l{HB ero. B AHrJIHH JKe nOJIb30BaHHe napalliIOTOM 6bIJIO
,l{a)l(e 3anpemeHO; JIeT1.JHKaM npe,l{nHChIBaJIOCh CTpeMHThC5I B
JII060H cHTyaUHH cnacaTh ,l{oporOCTO}!lUHe MallIHHhI.
113 COCTaBa PYCCKHX aBHaTopOB B Mae MeC}!ue BhI6bIJIO 22
qeJIOBeKa; H3 HHX 7 nHJIOTOB-ocpHuepoB H 1 COJI,l{aT, a TaKJKe
norM6JIM BO BpeM5I cOBepllIeHH}! 60eBhlx nOJIeTOB 5 Ha6JIIO,l{a-
TeJIeH, eme 4 COJI,l{aTa H 5 Ha6JIIO,l{aTeJIeH norM6JIM H3-3a HeHC-
npaBHocTeH CaMOJIeTOB. BepO}!THO, KaK MHHHMYM B nOJIOBHHe
3THX CJIyqaeB JIeT1.JHKH MOrJIH 6bI OCTaThC}! )l(HBhI, eCJIH 6hI BOC-
nOJIh30BaJIMCh napalliIOTOM. O,l{HaKO, HMKTO ,l{aJKe He nhITaJIC5I
npe,l{JIaraTb nO,l{06HOrO pellIeHH}!.
11 3TO HeCMOTp51 Ha TO, 1.JTO napalliIOT, Ka3aJIOCh 6hI, YJKe
6hIJI ,l{OCTaTOqHO McnhITaH. MHorHe nbITaJIHCb HaHTH Cpe,l{CTBO
,l{JI}! cnaCeHM5I JIeT1.JHKOB B aBapHHHhIX cHTyaUH5Ix. O,l{HaKO nep-
BhIM C03,l{aJI ,l{eHCTBMTeJIhHO BnOJIHe COBepllleHHhIH ,l{JI5I 3TOll
ueJIM napalliIOT PYCCKHH H306peTaTeJIh OTCTaBHOH apTHJIJIepHH-
CKHH nopY1.JHK fJIe6 EBreHheBH1.J KOTeJIhHHKOB. H3 ,l{OKJIa.l(HOH
3anHCKH KOTeJIhHHKOBa: l{JIHHHhIti H CKop6HhIM CMHO,l{MK
CJIaBHhIX JKepTB B aBHal..{HH HaTOJIKHYJI MeH}! Ha M306peTeHHe
BeCbMa npOCToro nOJIe3HOrO npH60pa ,l{JI}! npe,l{OTBpameHH}!
rH6eJIH aBHaTopOB . OCHOBHa5I 3aCJIyra KOTeJIhHHKOBa COCTO-
HT B TOM, 1.JTO OH nepBhIM C03,l{aJI n apalli lOT, YKJIa.l(bIBaIOIl{HllC5I
B paHeu H MMeBllIHll CTponhI, COe,l{HH5IBllIHeC5I C nO,l{BeCHOll
CHCTeMOH B ,l{BYX T01.JKax. KOTeJIhHHKOBY ,l{OJIro qHHHJIH npe-
n}!TCTBH}!. Ilpe,l{ce,l{aTeJIh KOMMCCHH no paCCMOTpeHHIO ero
1917 lOa
477
M306peTeHMj{ M.M. KOBaHhKO 3aJ1BMJI, 1.JTO IIOCJIe TOrO KaK JIeT-
1.JMK BhI6pOCMTC}! M3 CaMOJIeTa M OTKpOeT II ap alII lOT, OH 6YJ(eT
60JIhllIe eMY He HYJKeH, TaK KaK IIpM phIBKe Y Hero OTOPBYTC}!
HorM. OJ(HaKO KOTeJIhHMKOB J(06MJIC CBoero.
llepBhIe OlIhIThI no McnhITaHMIO napallIIOTa KOTeJIhHHKOBa
IIpOH3BOJ(HJIHCh (10) aBrycTa 1911 r. Ha IIapallIIOTe c6pachIBa-
JIH MaHeKeH. 3THX OlIhITOB OKa3aJIOCh HeJ(OCTaT01.JHO. (6) HIOJI}!
1912 r. 110 xOJ(aTaHcTBY BoeHHoro MHHHCTpa, J(O KOToporo J(O-
uieJI KOTeJIhHHKOB, 6hIJIH BHOBh npOBeJ(eHhI OnhIThI. llapa-
IlIIOT BIIOJIHe paCKphIJIC Ha TpeTheM: ceKYHJ(e, T. e. npOJIeTeB
Bcero 15 M, H 6e3 BC}!KHX KOJIe6aTeJIhHhIX BHJKeHHH OIIYCTHJI-
C}!... HMe}! CKOpOCTh 1,5 M/c... TpaBa Ha MeCTe CIIYCKa OKa3a-
JIaCh e Ba IIpHM TOH . OJ(HaKo PYCCKoe BoeHHoe PYKOBOJ(CTBO
BHOBb OTHeCJIOCh K 3TOMY CKenTHqeCKH.
feHepaJI BepHapJ( p: KYKJIa-To... MOJKeT YlIaCTh 60JIee HJIH
MeHee C1.JaCTJIHBO, a KTO JKe H3 JKHBhIX nepBhIH pellIHTC}! cJ(e-
JIaTh OlIhIT JIH1.JHO? H306peTaTeJIb npH60pa TaKJKe BeJ(h elUe He
np060BaJI JIH1.JHO olIycKaThc Ha H306peTeHHoM HM IIapallIIO-
Te... qacTHoe TOBapHlUeCTBO B.A. JIoMa1.J H3rOTOBHJIO onbIT-
HYIO napTHIO napallIIOToB, eMoHcTpHpOBaJIO HX CHaqaJIa B
CeBaCTOIIOJIhCKOM llIKOJIe, a B 1913 r. B llapHJKe H PyaHe.j:!Ba
napallIIOTa JIoMaq OCTaBHJI 3a rpaHHueM.
B EBpone IIepBble nphIJKKH C CaMOJIeTa C napallIIOTOM IIpO-
M3BOJ(HJIHCh eme B HaqaJIe 1913 r. <DpaHUY3 BYPH nphlraJI C
CaMOJIeTa ,l(enepJ(IOcceH , ynpaBJI eMOrO nHJIOTOM JIeMya-
HOM. Bo BpeM O Horo H3 TaKHX onhITOB, YJKe BeCHOM 1914 r.,
napalliIOT 3anYTaJIC B OJ(HOM H3 PYJIeBhIX nOBepxHocTeH ca-
MOJIeTa H pa30pBaJIC}!; IIHJIOT nOTep JI B03MOJKHOCTb ynpaBJI Th
CaMOJIeTOM. 06a JIeT1.JHKa ynaJIH Ha 3eMJIIO, OJ(HaKO BhIJKHJIH.
B 06JIaCTH nphIJKKOB C napallIIOTOM C 60pTa CaMOJIeTa cpe-
J(H )KeHlUHH nepBoe MeCTO npMHa.l{JIeJKHT ,l(JKOPJ(JKHH (TaMHH)
BPOJ(BHK, KOTOpaJI 6hIJIa nepBoM JKeHlUHHOM B MHpe, COBepIlIHB-
meM TaKOM nphIJKOK 21 HIOH}! 1913 r. C BhICOThI 1000 CPYTOB B
JIoc AH)KeJIece, qT06hI npoJ(eMoHcTpHpoBaTh 3cpcpeKTHocTh
HOBoro napallilOTa fJIeHa JI. MapTHHa. ,l{)KOpJ(JKH CHJ(eJIa Ha
MaJIeHhKOM nJIaTcpopMe, YKpenJIeHHOM Ha npaBOM KphIJIe ca-
MOJIeTa H, KorJ(a HaCTaJIO BpeM}! nphlraTh, HaJKaJIa Ha YCTpOM:-
478
A8ua USl BeJlUKOU 80UJtbl
CTBO, OnpOKHJJ;bIBalOIltee CH,lJ;eHbe H n03BOJUlIOll1ee ynacTb OT-
BeCHO BHH3. IIapaIllIOT paCKpbIJIC , H OHa npH3eMJIHJIaCb Ha
HOfH. MapTHH caM 6bIJI JIeTqHKOM H BeJI 3TOT CaMOJIeT. K 3TO-
MY BpeMeHH TaHHH 6bIJIa BeTepaHOM npbDKKOB C napaIllIOTOM
C B03,nYIlIHbIX IlIapOB. B 1915 f. TanHH npbIfHY JIa C napallIlO-
TOM KOHCTPYKI..{HH ee 6paTa QapJIb3a Epo,nBHKa C CaMOJIeTa, JIe-
T IltefO CO CKOpOCTblO 75 MHJIb/qaC Ha BbICOTe 1500 <pyrOB.
TeM He MeHee aBHaTopbI Bce ellte He 06paIltaJIHCb ,na)l(e
MbICJIeHHO K TaKoMY, Ka3aJIOCb 6bl, BnOJIHe eCTecTBeHHoMY
cpe,ncTBY cnaceHH , oco6eHHO H3 fOpgIltero CaMOJIeTa.
"!ORb
JIeToM 1917 f. Ha PYCCKOM <ppoHTe HMeJIC JIHIllb 461 HC-
npaBHbIH CaMOJIeT. Ha BoopY)I(eHHH COCTO JIO, npe)l(,ne Bcero:
70 - HblOnop-11-Ee6e , 68 - HblOnop-21 , 43 - CIINJ: ,
70 - <I>apMaH-30 , 39 - MopHc-<I>apMaH-40 , 37 - Ko,n-
pOH , 150 - Bya3eH , 76 - AHaTpa- , 41 - JIe6e,l{b-12 ,
25 - CIINJ: C Ka6HHoH. Bcex npOqHX B He3HaqHTeJIbHOM
KOJIHqeCTBe; Bcero HMeJIOCb He MeHee 30 THnOB.
TaKa MHOfOTHnHOCTb CaMOJIeTOB gBJIgJIaCb 6HQOM ,lJ;JIg
PYCCKOH apMHH. Tpy,nHO 6bIJIO He TOJIbKO HaJIaJtHTb MaCCOBoe
npOH3BO,lJ;CTBO CaMOJIeTOB, HO H nepeyqHBaTb B 60eBbIX YCJIO-
BH X JIHqHbIn COCTaB. B ,lJ;OBepIlleHHe Bcero HeXBaTKa 3anqaC-
Ten KpanHe YCJIO)l(HgJIa 3KCnJIyaTal..{HIO 3Ton MaCCbI pa3HOTHn-
HbIX CaMOJIeTOB.
IIo,nnoJIKOBHHK TKaqeB, HHcneKTMpy aBHal..{HIO IOro-3a-
naJtHoro <ppOHTa B HaqaJIe 1917 f. BbIHY)K,l{eH 6bIJI npH3HaTb,
t{TO JIYQllIHMH H3 HMelOIltHXCg CeHQaC Ha <ppoHTe CHCTeM gB-
JIglOTCg HCTpe6HTeJIH <ppaHI..{Y3cKHX 3aBO,lJ;OB .
3a BpeM BOHHbI HMnopT B POCCHIO COCTaBHJI: H3 <I>paH-
I..{I1H - 65% CaMOJIeTOB H 90% ,lJ;BHfaTeJIeH, H3 I1TaJIHH - 25%
CaMOJIeTOB H H3 AHrJIHH - 10% CaMOJIeTOB H 10% ,nBHraTeJIeH.
B 1917 f. B 11 TaJIHH 6bIJIH pa3MeIlteHbI 3aKa3bl Ha 1700 ,nBHra-
TeJleH (20 MJIH. Py6.), KOTopbIe, o,nHaKO He 6blJIH peaJIH30BaHbI.
MHoroe 113 nOCJIaHHOrO B POCCHIO COI03HHKaMH He ,nOXO-
l(HJIO,nO MeCTa Ha3HaQeHH . JIeToM 1917 r. Ha n)'TH B ApxaH-
1917 'loiJ
479
reJIbCK 6bIJI nOTOnJIeH aHrJlHHCKHH napoxoJ( EypeBeCTHI-IK ,
Ha 60pry KOToporo HaXOJ(HJIHCb CaMOJIeTbI ConBHt{. H COpOK
I.UH OB HHcTpYMeHToB J(JI aBHaMexaHHKOB. BMecTe C aHrJIHH-
CKHM napoxoJ(oM BapHOJIb. nOIIIJIH KO J(HY J(BHraTeJlH 4K.7Iep-
jKe., CBetJH PeB., 100 60M60BbIX npHQeJIOB H ,np. Ha nOTOI1-
JIeHHOM <ppaHQY3cKOM Kopa6JIe KHHr ,l!aBH,n;» Haxo,n;MJIOCb 46
CaMOJIeTOB THna .HblOnop (.21. H 24») H 4:<1>apMaH-40 c
3anaCHbIMH qaCT MH ,n;JI.R J(BHraTeJIeH, a TalOKe 4 Il1HKa 06pa3-
QOB J(JI nocTpoHKH CaMOJIeTa 4:CI1A,l! .
HaH60JIee QeHHbIMH Ha ,n;aHHbIH MOMeHT annapaTaMH n-
JI JIHCb .HblOnop-17. (Bcero 14 MawHH) H 4:CITA,l{..
B 1917 r. B POCCHH Bce eI1.{e npOJJ:OJI)KaJIH CTpOHTb caMOJIeTbI
THna <I>apMaH H 4Bya3eH , B TO BpeWl KaK BO <I>paHQHH H B
AHrJIHH OHH YJKe 6bIJIH CIDITbI C npoH3BOJJ:CTBa. OJ1;HaKO B aTOM
ro,n;y B aBHaOTp J(bI HalJaJIH nOCTYIIaTb CaMOJIeTbI OTelJecTBeHHo-
ro npoH3BOJ(CTBa ,l{eKaH OJ(eCCKoro 3aBOJ(a 4AHaTpa., a TalOKe
<I>apMaH-30. C JJ:BHraTeJIeM CaJIbMCOH» MOIltHOCThIO 160 JI. c.,
COnBHlJ. C ,l(BHraTeJl MI1 KJIepjJ(e. MOmnOCTblO 130 JI. c.,
.cnA.l{. C ,n;BHraTe.n MH POH» MOmHOCTblO 120 JI. c. H .n;p.
Hal160JIee HaCbIllteHHbIMH MaTepHaJIbHOH lJaCTblO 6bIJII1
IOro-3ana)tHbIH H PYMbIHCKHH <ppOHTbI - 259 CaMOJIeTOB,
3ana,nHbIH <ppOHT - 125 CaMOJIeTOB, CeBepHbIH - 93, KaBKa3-
CKHH <ppOHT H JJ:PyrHe - 104 CaMOJIeTa, HO 3HaQHTeJIbHasI lJaCTb
aTHX MallIHH 6bIJIa Ha 6a3ax. Bcero Ha <ppoHTax QHCJIHJIC 1031
CaMOJIeT, o.n;HaKO peaJIbHO 60ecnoc06HbIX H3 HHX 6bIJIO MeHb-
me nOJIOBHHbI. 3TH .n;aHHbIe OTHOC TC K Ha1.Jany HIOHbCKoro
HacTYnJIeHH 1917 ro,n;a.
Ha HCTpe6HTeJIbHbIe rpynnbI 6bIJIa B03JIOjJ(eHa 3a,nalJa npH-
KpbIBaTb KoppeKTHpoBml1KoB OT Hana,neHH HenpH TeJIbCKHX
HCTpe6HTeJIeH. TaKaH oxpaHa Ha3bIBaJIaCb cpe,n;H HCTpe6HTeJICH
6appIDKl1pOBaHHeM. 113-3a He6oJIblIIOrO 3anaca roplOlJero Ka)K-
,n;bIH HCTpe6HTeJIb Hec BaXTY He 60JIee nOJIYTopa '1aCOB. 3aTeM,
CJIerKa nOKaqaB KpbIJIb MH, - KaK 6bI rOBOp CBoeMY nOJ1;3a-
IltHTHOMY: . YXO)KY, CMOTpH B 06a. - B03Bpall1aJIC Ha aapo-
J1;pOM, H Ha oxpaHY BbIJIeTaJIa .n;pyrM MalIIHHa. O.n;HaKo 6bIJII-I B
:iTO BpeM B POCCHH H TaKHe HCTpe61-ITeJIH, KOTopbIe MOrJIH
JIeTaTb ropa3JJ:O .n;OJlblIIe.
480
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80Ullbl
YqaCTHHK BOHHbI PYCCKHM JIeTqHK CCBepCKHM nHCaJI, qTO
B 1917 r. BO BpeM nOJleTOB 4MypOMQeB Ha,n: PHJKCKHM 3aJIH-
BOM H HaHeceHH y.n:apOB no BoeHHO-MOpCKHM 6a3aM Bpara
PyccKHe HCTpe6HTeJlH conpoBojJ(.n:aJIH 6oM6ap.n:HpOBII.tHKOB Ha
BceM npoT jJ(eHHH HX nYTH, n03BOJl HM 6ecnpen TcTBeHHo
npoH3Bo.n:HTb 6oM6ap.n:HpoBK 3THMH HCTpe6HTeJI MH 6bIJlH
HbIOnopbI H «ClIMbI., nocTpoeHHble B POCCHH. lIpejJ(HHe
HCTpe6HTeJlH He MOrJlH COnepHHqaTb C «MYPOMQaMH B .n:aJIb-
HOCTH nOJleTa.
Bce aKTHBHee HaqHHaJIH HCnOJlb30BaTbC CaMOJleTbI B MOp-
CKHX YCJIOBH X.
2 UIOHR - B THXOM OKeaHe B 15 qac. 50 MHH. C repMaHCKO-
ro CTopOjJ(eBoro Kopa6J1 4 BOJlK 6bIJI cnYII.teH Ha BO.n:y H B3J1e-
TeJl rH.n:pocaMOJleT «BOJllJeHOK C 3 aHHeM: 43a.n:epjJ(aTb TOp-
rOBoe cy.n:HO, nO BHBlIIeec ceBepHee O. Pay JIb, H rrpHBeCTH ero
K Kopa6J1IO .
lJepe3 HeCKOJlbKO MHHYT 4 BOJllJeHOK», JleTeBI.'lHH Ha BbI-
COTe 350 M, npH6J1H3HJlC K cy.n:HY, no CnHpaJIH cnYCTI1J1C 3a
ero KOpMOH .n:o 80 M 11, npOJleTCUI HaJJ; HHM, C6POCHJI Ha naJIy6y
napycMHoBbIH MelIIOqeK co CBHHQOBbIM rpY3HKOM H 3anHcKoH
BHYTPH (KHCY). B 3anHCKe 6bIJI YJlbTHMaTYM Ha aHfJlHMCKOM
3bIKe: «EepHTe KYPC IOjJ(Hee repMaHcKoro KpeHcepa H He CMeH-
Te nOJlb30BaTbC pa,n:HOTeJlerpa<poM. ECJlH He HCnOJIHHTe rrpH-
Ka3a, 6y.n:eTe aTaKOBaHbI 6oM6aMH .
BCJle.n 3a 3THM «BOJlqeHOK , npOM.n: Cb Ha.n: Cy.n:HOM BTO-
pHlJHO, C6POCHJI He6oJlblIIYIO 60M6y, ynaBlIIYIO B 20 M OT Hoca
cy.n: Ha .
HOB03eJIaH.n:cKoe cy.n:HO «BaHpYHa B 3900 T (rpY3 Ha He-
CKOJlbKO MJlH. MapOK 30JlOTOM), lIIe.n:lIIee H3 OKJIeH.n:a B CaH-
C1>paHQHCKO, BblnOJlHHJlO npHKa3.
4 UIOHR - COCTO JlOCb BTopoe B03.n:YlIIHoe Harra.n:eHHe rep-
MaHCKHX 6oM6ap.n:HpOBII.tHKOB rOTTa Ha AHrJIHIO. Y6HTO 13
lJeJIOBeK.
5 UIOHR - B HOlJb rpynrra H3 Tpex repMaHCKHX .n:BYXMOTOP-
HbIX TpeXMeCTHbIX CaMOJleTOB 4rOTTa , COnpOBOJK.n:aeMbIX Tpe-
M .n:BYXMeCTHbIMH AJlb6aTpOcaMH 60M6l1JlH a3po.n:pOM
CPpaHUY3CKOH HCTpe6HTeJIbHOM rpynnbI «AHCTOB». Tplif 60M-
1917 lOa
481
6bI yrraJIH rrepe.n: 6apaKaMH, B KOTOpbIX Haxo.n:HJIHCb JIeTt.IHKH -
rrorH6JIo TPH t.IeJIOBeKa H3 3-H 3CKa.n:pHJIbH.
3TH HaJIeTbI repMaHCKHX 60M6ap.lU1pOBIl{HKOB Ha pa3JIHtJ:-
fIbIe 06'beKTbI B rJIy6oKoM cppaHltY3CKOM TbIJIY COBepIllaJIHCb B
HIOHe perYJI pHO.
7 UIOHR - IToCJIe rrpOBaJIa ArrpeJIbcKoro nacTynJIeI-lI151 3a-
rra.l{HbIe .lI.epJKaBbI OTKa3bIBaIOTC5I OT pemeHH5I KpyrrHbIx CTpa-
TerHtJeCKHX 3a.l{atJ. B 3TOT .n:eHb aHrJIHtJaHe CI1JIaMH CBoeM 2-M
apMHH HacTyrraIOT Y MeCCHH (paMoH I1rrpa). l{eJIb HacryrrJIe-
HH5I - cpe3aTb BbIcTyrr, BKJIHHHBIlIHHC.H 15-KM ,l(yroH B YtJac-
TOK anrJIHHCKOro cppoHTa. OnepaUH5I rOTOBHJIaCb .n:OJIro 11 Tll!a-
TeJIbHO. IT pOKanbIBaJIHCb nOJ{3CMHbIe raJIepeH, J{OXO,l(HBllIl1e
MeCTaMH na)Ke .n:o BTOpOH JIHHHM repMaHCKIiIX YKpenJIeHI1H.
ApTHJIJIepHMcKM rrO.ll.rOTOBKa C KOpOTKHMlif rrepepbIBaMM nc-
JIaCb C 28 MaJI J{HeM H HOt.IbIO.
B 3 qac. 10 MHH. 6bIJI rrpOlif3Be.ll.en B3pbIB 19 ropnOB (noJ{-
KorrOB )*; Ha B03lJ:YX B3J1eTeJIa tJaCTb repMaHcKHx rr03Hl!HH.
IlepBaJI H MeCTaMH BTOpa51 JIMHHH OKonOB 6bIJIH rrpeBpall!eHbI
B rpy.ll.Y pa3BaJIHH. 06pa30BaBllIHec5I BOpOHKlif .n:OCTHfaJIH rJIY-
6HHbI 60 M H .n:I1aMeTpa.n:o 120 M.
fHH.lI.eH6ypr: B pOKOBOM ,l(eHb, 7 HIOH5I, no.n:JlHMaeTC5I MH-
HHpOBanHaJI notJBa no,l( JII1HHeH 060POJIbI, II rJIaBHa51 ee orropa
PYIllHTC5I rro.n: na/.{aIOI.I.1eH MaccoH 3eMJIH, aUf JIHHCKa51 aTaKa
rrOBepraeT nOCJIe.ll.HHe OCTaTKH HeMeUKOH 060pOHbI .
8 UIOHR - IToCJIe rroJIYt.IaCOBOH B03.n:YIliHOH CXBaTKI1 24-
JIeTHHH repMaHcKHH JIeT\.IHK repMaH repHHr C6HJI eBoH nep-
BbIH CaMOJIeT.
12 UIOHR - (31) MaJI PYCCKHH BoeHHbIH JIeTtJHK MaKapoB,
Ha6paB BbICOTY 1800 M, YCTpeMHJI MallIHHY BHH3 H na BbICOTe
1500 M c.n:eJIaJI no.n:p .n: .n:Be MepTBble rreTJIH . Ha6JIIO.lI.aBllll1e
C 3eMJIH JIeTtJHKH 3aCBI1.l(eTeJIbCTBOnaJIH, \.ITO H BTOpa..sl neTJI5I
6bIJIa c.n:eJIana BnOJII-Ie qHCTO . ITo OCMOTPy CaMOJIeTa HOClle
nOJIeTa BbUICHHJIOCb, tJTO ero perYJIHpOBKa HMr.ll.e He HapYllIH-
JIaCb. AKT rro.n:rrHCaJIH 22 aBHaTopa.
BrrepBbIe B POCCHH <PHrYPbI BbIClllero nMJIOTaJKa 6bIJII1
Bbl110JIHeHb I Ha Herrpe.ll.Ha3HaQeHHOM ,l(JI 3Toro CaMOJIeTe.
· OJU1I1 1'0[>11 (JlBaJluaTblii) IICMllaM YJlaJlOCb 0611apYJKHTb H JUII(I3HJlHpouaTh.
17 ABHaUHR Be.1IHKOK BOHHbI
'J
482
A6Ua14UR BeJlu'Kou 80U1lbl
3TOT nOJIeT npOH3BOJJ;HJlCjI He .l(JIjI .n;eMOHCTpaUHH JleTHOrO
MaCTepCTBa nHJIOTa. Y PYCCKHX aBHaTopOB OqeHb 60JlblliHe
HapeKaHHJI BbI3bIBaJIH OTeqeCTBeHHbIe caMOJleTbI npOH3Bo.n;CTBa
OJJ;eCCKoro 3aBo.n;a. 3aBo.n;CKHe KOHCTpYKTOPbI CTapaTeJlbHO yqH-
TbIBaJIH H HCnpaBJI JlH Bce He.n;OCTaTKH CBOHX MalliHH B HOBbIX
BbInYCKax. Ho .n;a)I(e nOCRe Toro, KaK MalliHHa 6bIJla YJlyqmeHa
3aBo.n;OM H Ha Hee YCTaHOBJIeH .n;BHraTeJIb Knep)Ke , JleNHKH
nO-npe)KHeMY C onaCKOM nOJlb30BaJIHCb elO. HanpHMep, B 4-M
apTHJlJlepHHCKOM OTp .n;e IOro-3ana.n;Horo <ppOHTa 3a HIOHb
1917 r. llIeCTb HOBbIX CaMOJleTOB BbImJlH H3 CTPOji. 11 npHQHHbl
HX nOJlOMOK He Bcer.n;a 6bIJlH JJ;O KOHQa CHbI; nO BHJIOCb no.n;o-
3peHHe, qTO JIeTqHKH C03HaTeJlbHO nopT T CaMOJleTbI Ha 3eM-
Jle, He .n;OBep HM B B03JJ;yxe.
QT06bI pacce Tb He.n;OBepqHBOe OTHOllieHHe JleTHOrO COCTa-
Ba K MamHHe, KOMaH.n;Hp 11-ro apMeHCKoro aBHaQHOHHoro OT-
p JJ;a lliTa6c-KanHTaH MaKapOB pelIIHJI BbInOJlHHTb Ha HeM <pH-
rypbI BbIClIIero nHJIOTa)Ka. ,[(JljI 3TOH QeJIH 6bIJI B3 T 60eBOH
CaMOJleT HOpMaJIbHOM pery JlHpOBKH AHaTpa -,[( C JJ;BHraTeJleM
rHOM-MoHocynan MOIltHOCTblO 100 JI. c. BMecTo naCCa)KHpa
6bIJI npHcTerH)'T MelliOK C neCKOM.
13 UIOHR - IlocJleJJ;oBaJI nJlaHHpOBaBIllHHc QeJlbIH MeC$lQ
B03JJ;YlIIHbIM y.n;ap no JIOH.n;OHY, B KOTOpOM npHHRJlH yqaCTHe
22 CaMOJleTa rOTa» G.II; 14 M3 HHX .n;06pa.nHCb o 6pl-ITaHCKoH
CTOJIHQbI. HeMeUKHe 60M6apJJ;HpOBll{HKH BnepBble aTaKOBaJIH
JIOH.n;OH l1HeM (OKOJIO 12 QaCOB l1H ) H C BbICOTbI OKOJlO
3,5 TbIC. M C6POCHJII1 60JIee 100 60M6 06mHM BeCOM 4300 Kr.
3TO 6bIJlO TR)KeJIeHllIee Hana.zteHHe ITepBoH MHpOBOH. IloTepH
rpa)K.n;aHCKoro HaCeJleHH JIoH.n;oHa COCTaBHJlH 594 qeJlOBeKa,
H3 KOTOpbIX 162 norH6J10. B O,AHOM qaCTH ropoJta HaqaJIaCb
naHHKa, Kor.n:a no,np06HOCTH 3Toro B03.n;YIIIHoro Y,lJ,apa CTaJIH
113BeCTHbl. B rOpOl1CKOM lliKOJIe no BpeMR HaJIeTa 6bIJIO y6HTO
15 lIIKOJIbHHKOB. AHr JlHHCKa 06ll{eCTBeHHocTb npHJIO)KHJla
3 eprHqHble YCHJlliR K B03l1YlIIHOH 060pone H HaHeceHHIO y,na-
pon B03Me3JU1R no repMaHHH.
3TO 6bIJI nepBbIH rpynnoBoH HaJIeT repMaHcKoH aBHaQHH
Ha 6pHTaHcKYIo CTOJlI-Il Y. Bce CaMOJIeTbI ycnellIHo BepHYJlHCb
Ha CBOIO 6a3Y B OCTeH,ne.
1917zoa
483
C 3TOrO MOMeHTa HaqanaCb MaCCOBM 3BaKyaUH ,n;eTeH 113
JIoH,n;oHa.
14 UIOHR - lIJIOH,n; ,l{)I(Op,n;)K: OtleHb yqaCTHJIHCb Ha.neTbI
repMaHcKHx a3pOnJIaHOB Ha lIoH,n;oH H IorO-BOCTOqHbIe rpa<p-
CTBa; y6bITKH H qHCJIO qeJIOBeqeCKHX )l(epTB npHHHMaJIH cepb-
e3Hble pa3MepbI. MbI HHKaK He MOrJIH Bocnpen TCTBOBaTb 3TI1M
HenpH TeJlbCKHM B03,n;YllIHhIM peH,n;aM... MbI MOrJlH TOJlbKO
C03,n;aTb CHJIbHbIH B03,n;YIllHbIH cpJIOT B caMOH AUrJII1H, KOTO-
pbIH BCTpetlaJI 6bI HenpH TeJI B B03,n;yxe, HCTpe6JI JI ero Ma-
llIMHbI H c,n;eJIaJI 6bl ,n;JIH Hero B03,n;YIllBbIe peH,n;bI CJIHIIIKOM .lI.O-
porHM npeJ.(npH Tl1eM; MbI MOrJIH TaKJKe rrpOH3Bo,n;HTb Kapa-
TeJIbHbIe HaJIeTbI Ha ero ropo,n;a H ,n;OKa3aTb eMY, qTO 3TOT cnoco6
Be,n;eHH BOHHbI HepeHTa6eJICH. 11 B TOM H B ,n;pyroM cJlyqae
HaM HYJKHO 6bIJIO HMeTb MHoro a3pOnJlaHOB...
Ha 3ace,n;aHHH BoeHHoro Ka6HHeTa, npOHcxo,n;HBIllero Ha
,n;pyroH ,n;eHb nocJle cepbe3Horo peH,n;a HeMeUKHX a3pOnJlaHOB...
MbI pemHJIH CcpOpMHpOBaTb CHJIbHbIl1 OTp 1( JlytlIIIHX JleTtlH-
KOB Ha JIytlIllHX MaIllHHax, qTo6bI B CJIe.ll.YIOIl(HM pa3 OpraHl130-
BaTb ,,)I(apKYIO BCTpeqy" Henpl1 TeJIIO. MbI OT03BaJIH .lI.JI 3TOM
ueJIH .lI.Be 3CKa.apHJIbH H3 <DpaIIUHI1 H nOMeCTHJIH I1X 6JII13 !(en-
Tep6epH H 6JIH3 Kane.
MbI TIl(aTeJIbHO H3yqaJII1 Bonpoc 0 KapaTeJlbHbIX peMJ.(ax
Ha repMaHCKHe ropO.ll.a... H npHIllJIH K 3aKJIlOqeHHIO, qTO MbI eIl{e
He pacnOJIaraeM .lI.OCTaTOqHblM ql1CJIOM XOpOIllHX MaUIHH .lI.JI
Toro, tITo6bI HaqaTb peryJl pHYIO 60M6ap.ll.HpOBKY repMaHCKI1X
rOpO.ll.OB... CJIyqaHHble JKe peM.lI.bI TOJIbKO pa3.l1.pa3H T HeMueB...»-
17 UIOHR - (4) HIOH , cOBepmM noca.n.KY 6e3 rOpIOqerO Ha
CBOM a3pO.ll.pOM Y.ll.epeBHH llJlOTbIqH B03JIe TapHOnOJI , KanH-
TaH KpYTeHb Ha CaMOJIeTe HbIonop-23 C.lI.eJIan pa3BopoT na
He6oJIbllIOM BblCOTe H, HeO)KI1.l1.aHHO nOTep B CKOpOCTb, pa3-
6HJIC .
113 npHKa3a: «B03BpamaHCb C 60eBoro nOJIeTa, pa36HJlC
HaCMepTb O.ll.HH H3 caMbIX .lI.06JIeCTHbIX 11 OTBa)KHbIX HaIIlI1X
JleTtlHKOB KanHTaH KpYTeHb .
113 ra3eTbI: «llocJIe BeJIHKOrO HeCTepOBa OH 6bIJI HaH6o-
JIee BH.lI.HbIM H3 60eBbIX JIeTtlI1KOB. llorl16meMY KpYTeHIO illeJI
Bcero JIHIllb .lI.Ba.auaTb n TbIM ro.ll.... ,l{JI xapaKTepHCTHKli 6oe-
484
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80U1lbl
BOH JJ;e TeJlbHOCTM norM6IIlerO aBMaTOpa JJ;OCTaTOtlHO YKa3aTb,
"ITO B OJJ;HY nOCJleJJ;HIOIO HeJJ;eJIIO MM 6bIJIO C6I1TO TPH HeMeQKMX
CaMOJleTa .
113 BOCnOMMHaHHH KOppeKTI1pOBlltI1Ka EparMHa: «B OJJ;HOM
113 nOJleTOB KanMTaH KpYTeHb C611J1 Ha MOI1X rJIa3aX CaMOJIeT
npOTMBHI1Ka. 3aMeTMB HeMQa, KpYTeHb aTaKOBaJI ero cBepxy,
CO CTOpOHbI COJlHQa. )]:Be-TpM KOpOTKMX oqepe,ltI1 113 ny JleMeTa,
11 MbI YBI1JJ;eJlI1, KaK HeMeQKI1J1 CaMOJleT CTaJI na,n:aTb. 3TO 6bIJIa
npeJJ;nOCJIeJJ;H B03JJ;YIllHasI no6eJJ;a KpYTeH5I. Qepe3 HeCKOJIb-
KO JJ;HeH, HaXOJJ;51Cb Ha CBoeM a3pOJJ;pOMe (y JJ;epeBHM )]:eHI1CYB)
B6JII13H TapHonOJl , YCJlbIIIlaJI KOpOTKI1e nYJIeMeTHbIe O"Ie-
pe,ltI1. EOH IlleJl B CTopOHe OT a3pOJJ;pOMa Ha BblCOTe 2000-
2500 M. B CI1HeBe 6e306JIa"IHOrO He6a, OCBemeHHoro JIY"IaMI1
JIeTHerO IOJKHOrO COJIHQa, TPYJJ;HO 6blJIO pa3JII1"II1Tb CaMOJIeTbI,
Bel1:ymI1e B03,ltYlllHbIH 60H.
l.Jepe3 qac Ha a3pO,ltpOM npHIIlJIa TeJIecpoHorpaMMa OT Ka-
nI1TaHa KpYTeH C npocb60H BbICJIaTb B YKa3aHHbIH 11M paHOH
CaMOJIeT "Bya3eH" C 6I1JJ;OHOM rOpIOqerO 11 "MaH,ltOJII1HOH" (TaK
Ha3bIBaJIC KOCTbIJIb CaMOJIeTa "HblOnop- 23" 3a ero CXO,ltCTBO
C 3T:HM MY3bIKaJIbHbIM I1HCTPYMeI-ITOM). KpoMe Toro, KpYTeHb
npocI1JI BbICJIaTb calu1Tapa C nepeB 30qHbIMI1 MaTepI1aJIaMM. 110
npI1Ka3aHI1IO KOMaHJJ;I1pa aBI1aOTp JJ;a , HeCMOTp Ha CI1JIbHYIO
60JITaHKY, BbIJIeTeJI C CaHI1TapOM B YKa3aHHbI:H pa:HOH, rJJ;e ]Ier-
KO Hallle]! JJ;Ba CT05lBlll11X Ha 3eMJIe CaMOJIeTa. O,l(I1H H3 I-II1X -
C6I1TbIH HeMeUKI1H a3pOnJIaH, p JJ;OM - CaMOJIeT KpYTeH}I co
CJIOMaHHbIM KOCTbIJIeM 11 6e3 KanJII1 roplOtJero.
I10Ka CaHI1Tap OKa3bIBaJI nOMOll{b paneHbIM B 6010 HeMel..{-
KI1M JIeTQI1KaM, MbI C KpYTeHeM np0I13BeJII1 peMOHT CaMOJIeTa.
CJJ;aB paHeHbIX B 6JII1JKaHlllYIO BOI1HCKYIO QaCTb, 51 BbIJIeTeJI Ha
CBOll a3pOJJ;pOM, a KanI1TaH KpYTeHb, HanOJIHI1B 6aK11 CaMOJIe-
Ta 6CI-I3I1HOM, BbIJIeTeJI B pacnOJIO)KeHI1e CBOClI I1cTpe6I1TeJlb-
HOM rpynnbI .
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QI1Ka KpYTCH5I 6bIJIO OcpI1I..{HaJIbHO 3aperHCTpI1pOBaHO 15 (a no
HenOJ(TBep)KJJ;eHHbIM ,ltaHHbIM - 20) C6I1TbIX CaMOJIeTOB npOTI1B-
HI1Ka, OH 6bIJI a6COJlIOTHbIM JII1JJ;epOM cpeJJ;I1 PYCCKI1X JIeT"II1KOB.
KOHe"II-lO )Ke, eMY 6bIJIO eme l{aJIeKO ,lt0 JII1,l!I1pOBaBlllero B 3TOT
1917 lOa
485
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Ka MaH<ppe,rta <POH PMxTro<peHa. O,rtHaKo, HanpHMep, Ha ctJeTY
BToporo (a no HeKOTopbIM MCTotJHHKaM - nepBoro) no pe3YJIb-
TaTMBHOCTH aca BeJU1KOM BOMHbI cppaHUY3a PeHe <DoHKa Ha 3TOT
MOMeHT 6bIJIO Bcero 2 (5) 3aperl1CTpMpOBaHHbIX n06e,rt. TaK tJTO
OCHOBHaR 60Pb6a 3a rrepBeHCTBO 6bIJIa eIl{e Bnepe.l1M.
MM<P )l(e 06 OTCTaJIOCTM PYCCKHX JIeTtJMKOB 3M)K,rteTCSI Ha
Tpex OCHOBHbIX npe.l1nOCbIJIKax:
1) Ha rrpeHe6pe)KeHI1M PyccKoro KOMaH.l10BaHH$I K OTetJe-
CTBeHHbIM JIeTtJMKaM;
2) Ha He,rtOCTaTotJHOM KOJIMtJeCTBe cOBepmcnIIoM aBHaTex-
HMKM;
3) Ha repMaHcKoM nporraraH,rte.
PHxTro<peH: ...HeT I-IMtJero xY)f(e, KaK COBepUIHTb BbIHY)f(-
.neHHYIO rrOCa.l1KY Ha tJY)I(OM TCppHTOpHH, oc06eHHo B POCCHH.
PyccKHe HeHaBI1.l(eJIH JIeTtJHKOB, M eCJIH onH HX JIOBI1JIH, TO y6H-
BaJIH. 3TO 6bIJI e,rtHHCTBeHHbIM pHCK BOHHbI B POCCHH, rrOCKOJIb-
KY CBOMX JIeT'tJMKOB TaM He 6blJIO... HY, cKIDKeM, nOtJTI1 He 6bIJIO .
Kor,rta PHxTrocpeH 6bIJI B POCCI1H, OH eme He 6bIJI HCTpe611-
TeJIeM, a KpYTeHb BOeBaJI Ha ,rtpyroM YtJaCTKe <ppOHTa. Ha Boc-
TOtJHOM <ppoHTe KpYTeI-IIO He 6bIJIO paBHbIX. JIYtJII1He JIeTtJHKM
fepMaHMM M ABCTpMM B CXBaTKax C HMM HeH3MeHHO TepneJII1
rrOpa)KeHHe. TaK, aBCTpMHCKHM ac 06ep-JIeMTeHaHT <I>paHK cpOH
JIHHKO- Kpoycpop,rt (30 n06e,rt) TpMJK,rtbI CKpeml1BaJI B B03.l1Y-
xe mnarH C KpYTeHeM M, KaK OTMetJa.n caM aBCTpHeu, Ka)l(.l1bl I
pa3 6bIJI BbIHY)I(,rten CHH)I(aTbC$l (npH3eMJI$lTbC$I), cnacaSl
CBOIO JKM3Hb.
Mnoro npHeMOB B apCeHaJI B03,rtYlllHoro 60$1 BIIec EBrpacp
KpYTeHb. Ero Hal160JIee oTpa60TaHHbIe npl1eMbI - aTaKa C npe-
HMYIl{eCTBOM B BbICOTe, rrpoxo,rt co CTOpOHbl COJIHua B 50-100
MeTpax HH)I(e rrpOTMBHHKa, KPYTOM 60eBoM pa3BopOT B XBOCT
Bpa)KeCKOrO a3pOnJIaHa. OrOHb KpYTeHb OTKpblBaJI C KOPOT-
KOM ,rtMCTaHUHH - 15-20 MeTpOB.
OH rOBOpI1JI: KpatiHe He06xo,rtMMO nepBOMY 06HapYJKHTb
npOTHBHMKa B B03l(yxe, tITO .aaCT B03MO)l( IOCTb OBJIa,n:eTb HIIH-
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QHaTMBOH, a 311atJHT, npIfHeceT ycnex... "rrOMMaB Bpara, JIeT-
tJHK-HCTpe6HTeJIb He .l10JI)KeH BbIIIYCKaTb ero H3 ,,3aXBaTa" ,rt0
486
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80U1lbl
Tex nop, nOKa He 6y.n:eT MCTpatIeH nOCJIe.n:HMH naTpOH, nOCJIe
tJero nOJIe3HO 0603HatJMTb CTpeMJIeHMe TapaHMTb HenpM TeJIb-
CKMH aapOnJIaH. TaKoH MaHeBp tJaCTO BbIHYJK.n:aeT npOTMBHMKa
npOM3Bo.n:MTb noca.n:KY Ha HameM TeppMTopHM .
21 UIOHR - IIpM npbIJKKe C napalliIOToM MalIlHHHCTa JIe-
6e.n:KM 3MeMKoBoro aapOCTaTa ,l{epeBeHKo CJIyqHJIOCb HeCqaC-
Tbe: JIOnHYBlIlM B B03.n:yxe CTpona 3aXJIeCTHYJIa OCTaJIbHbIe H
He .n:aJIa KynOJIY HanOJIHMTbC B03,n;YXOM. ,l{epeBeHKO pa36MJI-
C . 3TO 6bIJIa nepBM B POCCMM )l(epTBa npM npbI)I(KaX C napa..
lIlIOTOM. Bcero B aTOM ro.n:y B POCCMH 6bIJIO cOBeplIleHo 62
npbIJKKa (5 C napalIlIOTOM KOTeJIbHMKOBa, OCTaJIbHbIe C napa-
IIIIOTOM )KIOKMeca) H 17 M3 HMX 3aKOHQMJIHCb KaTacTpo<poH.
rM6JII1 Ha6JIIO.n:aTeJIM 3MeHKOBbIX aapOCTaTOB He TOJIbKO no
BI1He napalIlIOTOB. I1x TaKJKe paCCTpeJIMBaJIM BO BpeM CHMJKe-
HH C napalIlIOToM repMaHCKHe MCTpe6HTeJIH.
23 UIOHR - AHrJIMtJaHe C aapo.n:pOMa B ra3e 60M6MJIM He-
MeQKMe JKeJIe3Ho.n:opO)l(Hble CTaHQHH B TYJIKapMe, TypeQKHe
lIlTa6bI B l1epycaJIMMe M HeMeQKHH BoeHHbIH caHaTopHH B
MOHT OJIHBbe.
Bce 60JIblIlMe TPY.ll:HOCTH McnbITbIBa.1IH pYCCKHe B03.n:YX0I1JIa-
BaTeJIM, pa60TaBllIHe Ha6JIIO.n:aTeJI MM Ha npHB 3HbIX a3pOCTa-
Tax. ,l{JI 6opb6bI C repMaHcKMMM MCTpe6MTeJI MM MX BOOpYJKMJIH
0.n:HHHa.n:QaTH3ap .n:HbIMM «BMHtJecTepaMM . II pM I10MOIUH ny-
JIeMeTOB M 3eHHTHOH apTHJIJIepMH, KOTOpbIMM 6bIJIH cHa6JKeHbI
B03.n:yxOnJIaBaTeJIbHble pOTbI, a TalOKe «BMHtJeCTepOB M .n:py-
rHX Cpe.n:CTB caM03aIUMTbI, B03.n:yxOnJIaBaTeJIM B aTOM ro.n:y c6H-
JIM 15 repMaHCKHX MCTpe6HTeJIeH. O.n:HaKo, HeCMOTp Ha Bce aTO
repManCKMM aBMaTopaM y.n:aJIOCb YHHtJTOJKMTb B 3TOM ro.n:y 48
3MeHKoBbIX aapocTaToB PYCCKMX (41 M3 HMX B B03.n:yxe) *.
Oc06eHHo a<p<peKTMBHo .n:eHcTBOBaJI npOTMB 3MeHKoBbIX
a3pOCTaTOB repMaHcKHH aBI1aTOp I1.MMMepMaH; eMY y.n:aJIOCb
YHI1tJTO)KMTb B paHoHe TapHonoJI 15 PYCCKHX aapOCTaTOB,
KOppeKTI1pOBaBIIII1X orOHb apTHJIJIepMI1. 06bltJHO I1.HMMepMaH
· B fcpMallHH Jlc6cJlKH C JlBHraTCJUIMH 80-100 JI. C. 1I03130JI JIH ClIl1JKaTh
a;>pOCTaT C BCpTHKaJlbllOH CKOpOCTblO IlO 8 M/C, \!TO 1I03130JUIJIO CMY IIPH Tor-
JlalllllHX CKOpOCT X CaMOJICTOB YXOJ!HTb Ila 6c ioHacllYlo BhlCOTY IlO Illn16JIH-
:>KCIIH}I K IICMY n03J!YlIllloro IIpOTHBIIHKa.
1917 lOO
487
aTaKOBaJI a3pOCTaT cBepxy, M3-3a 06JIaKOB, CKpbITbIl1 OT Haxo-
J];jlIUHXC B Kop3MHe Ha6JIIOJ{aTeJIeW 060JIOqKOH a3pOCTaTa.
ll03TOMY PYCCKoe KOMaH,ll;OBaHMe YCTaHOBMJIO J{e:>KypCTBO J{BYX
HCTpe6HTeJIeH .lUI oxpaHbI pa60TaI0ll1erO KOppeKTl1pOBlltl1Ka.
TeM He MeHee H 3Ta Mepa HH K qeMY He npHBeJIa. IIpeJK.n:e qeM
HCTpe6HTMH ycneBaJIH nOLtHHTbCjI B B03J{YX, repMaHCKMH JIeT-
tlHK paCCTpeJIHBaJI a3pOCTaT M CKpbIBaJICH.
TorJ{a PYCCKHe nOLtrOTOBMJIM CneUMaJIhHhIl1 3MeHKOBbIl1
a3pOCTaT, B KOP3MHY KOToporo nOJIO)KMJIH OKOJIO 100 Kr J{HHa-
MMTa H noca.l{MJIH qyqeJIo Ha6JIIO.l{aTeJIH. TIO.ll.phIBHOH KanCIOJIb
u u
coeJ{MHMJIM npOBO.l{HMKOM C HHJtYKTOPHOH MaIlIHHOM, KOTOpa5I
npHBoJ{MJIaCh B J{eHcTBMe C 3eMHoro rrOCTa. A3pocTaT 6bIJI rrolJ:-
HHT Ha 1000 M.
27 UIOHR - B 6 qaCOB Beqepa II.HMMepMaH B OqepeJ.1HOH pa3
aTaKOBaJI PYCCKHH npHBH3HOii a3pOCTaT. B MOMeHT, KorJ{a rep-
MaHcKHH aBHaTOp npH6JIH3MJIC K a3pOCTaTY Ha SO M, MHJ{YKTOP
6hIJI npHBeJ{eH B J{eHcTBMe, H llIap B30pBanc . CHJIOM B3pbIBa M3
aTaKYIOII.terO CaMOJIeTa BhIllIM6JIO MOTOp. CaMOJIeT, BMeCTe C CH-
.l{eBllIMM B HeM nHJIOTOM, PYXHYJI HenO.l{aJIeKY. TIHJIOT norH6.
B 3TOM ro.l{Y HOQHbIe nOJIeThI CTaHOBHTC Y)Ke BnOJIHe 06bIlI-
HhIM J{eJIOM HC TOJIbKO M Cnen;l1aJIhHO 06yqeHHhIX aBHaTopOB.
113 BocnOMHHaHHH DparHHa: 3aqaCTYIO, B03BpaII.ta Cb C
pa3Be.l{KH, MHe npHXOJ{HJIOCb ,l{eJIaTh noca,n;KY Ha CBoeM a3po-
LtpOMe nOqTH npH nOJIHOM TeMHOTe. O)KMJtaBlllI1H Moero B03-
Bpall{eHH TeXHMqeCKMH nepCOHaJI aBHaOTpH.l{a 06CTaBJI JI Ta-
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)KHraJIMCh TPH 60JIhllIHX KOCTpa B BH,l{e TpeyrOJIhHMKa, npHt.!eM
.l{Ba KOCTpa, H306pa)l(aBllIHe BXOJ{HhIe BopOTa, rOpeJIH pKO M
6bIJIH pa3HeceHbI llIHpOKO, TpeTMH - MaJIbIH KOCTep, 33.)1(MraJIC
B BepllIHHe TpeyrOJIhHMKa. OH ropeJI cJIa6ee, H Ha nOCa):(KY HMO
6bIJIO M,l{TH Ha Hero Me)K.l{Y J{BYMH pKO ropeBllIHMH KOCTpaMH.
PaClJeT Ha nOCa.L{KY LteJIaJIC BeChMa TOqHO C TeM, qT06bI
KOCHYThC KOJIeCaMH 3eMJII1 nepeJ .l{BYM HpKO rop ll{HMH KO-
CTpaMH Ha OCBell1eHHOM yqaCTKe, rJ(e JIcrqe YBHJ{eTh 3eMJIIO J.(JHI
BhIpaBHHBaIIH CaMOJIeTa. 51 COBepIlIHJI HeCKOJIhKO noca,n;OK B
TaKHX YCJIOBHHX, Bce OHM KOHqMJIMCb 6e3 aBapHH..
B MIone AHTaHTa .l{06MJIaCh CBeplKeHH KOpOJIH fpeUHM
488
ABUa UJl BeJlUKOU BOUllbl
KOHCTaHTHHa, npOBOJ{HBlIIerO repMaHO<pHJIbCKYIO nOJlHTHKY;
fpeUH.H 6bIJla BOBJleqeHa B BOHHY. 3TO nOJlHOCTblO 06eCneqHJIO
TbIJI CaJIOHHKCKOrO <ppOHTa.
"IOJIb
HeCMOTp51 Ha npOHCXOJ{51Il1He B POCCHH 6eCnOp5lJ{KH nJIaH
HacTynJIeHH.H PYCCKHX BOMCK OCTaBaJIC5I B CHJIe.
HIOJIbCKOE HACTYnJIEHHE
HA PYCCKOM <DPOHTE
1 UIOJlR - ITocJle J{ByxJ{HeBHoM apTHJIJIepHHCKoH nOJ{ro-
TOBKH BOHcKa 7 -H H 11-11 apMHH IOro-3anaJ{Horo cppoHTa ne-
pellIJlH B HacTynJIeHHe Ha JIbBOBCKOM HanpaBJleHHH H 3aH5IJlH
HeCKOJlbKO yqaCTKOB aBCTpo-repMaHCKHX n03HUI1I1. OJ{HaKo B
nOCJleJ{YIOm:He J{HH HacTynJleHHe 3aCTOnOpHJlOCb.
B JIeTHeH onepaUHH IOro-3ana.n;Horo cppoHTa aKTHBHO yqa-
CTBOBaJIa aBHaUH.H. ITocKOJlbKY JIHqHbII1 COCTaB aBHaUHOHHbIX
qaCTeH COCTO.HJI 60JIbllIeH qaCTblO H3 ocpHuepoB, OH He nOJ{Bepr-
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CTBa cppOHTa K HaqaJIY onepaUHH COCTaBJI.HJlH 36 aBHaOTp5lJ{OB,
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86,7 -.H - 72, 8-.H - 31). KpoMe Toro, HMeJlOCb J{Ba OTp5lJ{a 3BK.
ABcTpo-repMaHcKHI1 cppOHT K 3TOMY MOMeHTY HaCqUTbIBaJI 37
aBHaOTp.HJ{OB H pOT, HMeBIlIHX 226 a3pOnJlaHOB.
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6bI, cpoTorpa<pHponaHHe n03HUHI1 H apTHJlJlepHI1CKHX ueJlel1,
oxpaHa cpoTorpacpHpYIOll1HX H KoppeKTHpOBll1HKOB, pa3BeJ{Ka
TbIJla npoTHBHHKa, OTpa)KeHHe CaMOJIeTOB npOTHBHHKa no BbI-
30BY KopnycoB, cpoTorpacpHpoBaHHe B 6010 npOH3Be.l1eHHbIX
CBoeH apTHJIJIepHeH pa3pYlIIeHHH B YKpenJleHH X npOTHBHH-
Ka, CB.H3b C neXOTOI1 H 60M6apJ{HpoBaHHe TbIJIa npOTHBHHKa.
· Ha (1) HIOIUI 0 PYCCKMX aOHalU101lllbiX OTp Jlax, JtCHCTOYIOlllMX lIa <PPOIl-
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234 COJIJlaTa). Bccro 8 PYCCKOH apMHH COCTO JIO 775 JICTlJHKOB (521 O<J>HIlCp
11 254 COJIJtaTa).
1917 lOa
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HI1X He pa30pBaJIHCb; TaK)Ke O,l{Ha 60M6a c6porneHa Ha Cenep-
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306HOnl1JIM HacTynJIeHHe, HO OHO on Tb He I1MeJIO ycnexa.
113 TeJIerpaMMbI EpYCMJIOBa KepCHCKOMY: HaCTpoeHl1e Ha
<ppOHTe n5lTOH apMMI1 (CenepHbIM cppOHT) O'-leHb CKBepnoe... B
HeKOTopbIX nOJIKaX OTKpbITO 3a5lBJI5IIOT, '-ITO ,l{JIH HI1X, KpOMe
JIeHI1Ha, BeT ,l(pyrl1x aBTopHTeTon...
7 UIOJUl - I-IacTynaBlllHc na IOJKHOM HanpanJICHHI1 KOp-
nyca 8-H PyccKoH apMHH no,l{ KOMalIJJ;OBaHl1eM reHepa.na Kop-
HHJIOBa npOpBaJI:H ancTpo-neHrcpcKHH <ppOIIT H 3aXnaTHJIH
60JIblllOe KOJIHtJeCTBO TIJIeHHbIX.
Ha3eMHblM BOHCKaM otJeHb aKTHnHO nOMOraJIa aBl1aUH5I.
B3aI1MO,l(eHCTnl1e Ha3eMHbIX nOHCK C aBHaQHeH, HBJI5IBllleeC5I
CJIa6bIM MeCTOM PYCCKI1X apMHH, npo,nOJIJKaJIO pa3BI1BaTbCH 11
COBeplllellCTBonaTbCH On5lTb JKe lIpe)K,l(C ncero na IOro-3ana,l(-
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30CJIaHHOH: BceM aBl1aOTpH,naM no npeM5I 60eB JleTOM 1917 r.,
rOBOpI1JIOCh, tJTO Ha <ppoHTe 7 -H 11 11-H apMMH B nep110 ap-
THJIJIepl1HCKOM nO,l(rOTOBKI1I1 nepnbIX He:H HacTynJIeHHH Bnep-
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THJIJICpHe:H 11 HacrynaIOIl(eM nexoToH 11 npl1HeCJIa Heou.eHHMYIO
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JJ;aHHe Ha CaMOJIeTe .ByaaeH , 06HapYJKHJII1, tJTO Ha O,l{HOM 113
yqaCTKOB <ppOIlTa HJ{eT rop.HtJl1H 60H. TIexoTa npOTMBBMKa neJIa
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He KOJIOHHhllleMQeB. CTpeJIb6a BeJIaCb C BbICOTbI 30-50 M. B
nepBbIH 3axo,n JIefqHK- Ha6JIIO,l{aTeJIb, CTO.H B rOH,l(OJIe, BbInyc-
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JIa. IIpH OCMOTpe CaMOJIeTa 6bIJIO 06HapYJKeHO lJ;O 30 np06oHH.
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JIeTa, npOH3BOlJ;H pa3Be,ZJ;KY H KOppeKTHpYH orOHh apTHJIJIepUH,
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Kepc., CTpeJIHBIlIHMH 1Iepe3 BHHT.
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B JIoH,ZJ;OHe nocJle HaJIeTa 6hIJIO 57 y6HThIX H 1913 paHeHbIX.
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3BaJI npH6hIBIlIHe H3 <I>paHI.tHH lJ;JI5I 3aIl(HThI rOpOlJ;OB AHrJIHH
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na].(HbIH <PPOHT. ITo cTpaHHoM HpOHHH cYlJ;b6bI Ha CJIe YIOIl(HM
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1917 lOa
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CMJIa orpOMHoe KOJIMtJeCTBO 60M6 I1a CJ1TM M Ha IO)KHbIH 6eper
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lI1J10Cb nepeHeCT:H BCIO TH)KC Tb 3Toro HaJIeTa, 6bIJI OXBatJeH
naHMKOt'1. TIaHMKa pOCJIa C Ka)KJ(bIM ,l{HeM. IIpH nepBbIX)Ke CJIY-
xax 0 npM6JIM)KeHMH aSpOnJIaHOB MY)I(tJHHbI, )KeH HHbI H ,l{eTH
YCTpeMJI5IJI:HCb B TYHHeJIM MeTpo. B HCHYIO noro,l{Y Ka)l(,l{YIO
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JlML{bI. Ha,l{o OTMeTMTb, tJTO CTpax nepe,l{ 6eCn0ll1anHbIM He60M
He BbIpBaJI Y HaCeJIeH:HH H:H O,l{HOi1 JKaJI06bI, HH O,l{HO:H MOJIb6bI
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B03Me3,l{MIO * .
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JIOH,l{OH. O,l{HaKO OH:H OKa3aJIMCb .l{JI5I aHrJIl1tJaH OtJeHb tJYBCTBH-
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06p:HCOBaJI napJIaMeHTY nOJIOJKeHMe ,l{eJI...
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TaTotJllbIM KOJIMtJeCTBOM aSpOnJIaHOB Harny apM:H1O BO <Dpan-
Q:HH. ,l{ocTaTotJHoe KOJI:HtJeCTBO aSpOnJIaHOB MMceT pernalOIUce
3Ha1.IeHHe. ASpOllJlaHbI - rJIa3a apM:HI1, 6e3 HMX ona He MO)KeT
npOJ(B:HraTbCH. TIp:H nOMO H a3pOnJIaHOB apMMH Hall1ynbIBaeT
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MeCTOnOJIO)KeH:He HenpHHTeJIbCK:HX TpaHllIeH, 0PY,l{HM, ny JIeMe-
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HMeH TaKoro nepBeHCTBa, 3uatJl1T nOCbIJIaTb HX npOCTO na
y6oJ:i... Ma.71eMlllHH npOMax B pa60Te B03,n;YUU-lbIX pa3BelJ:tJMKOB,
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492
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80U1tbl
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JIbI BO cDpaHQI1I1, OHI1 npeHCnOJIH TC BeJIl1qaHIIIerO Boo,n:YIIIeB-
JIeHI1 ... Kor,n:a MbI CMO)KeM 06eCneql1Tb aSpOnJIaHaMH 11 <ppOH1
11 HaIIII1 npOTI1BOB03,n:YIllHbIe CHJIbI B AHrJIHI1, MbI KOHeqHO STO
c,n:eJIaeM. IloKa STO e e HeB03MO)KHO, Ha nepBOM MeCTe -
<PPOHT. 11 OqeHb Ba)KHO, qT06bI HeMQbI Y3HaJIH, qTO STO TaK, H
He I1Haqe .
BoeHHbIH Ka611HeT AHrJIl111 nOCTaHOBHJI C03,n:aTb KOMI1TeT
no PYKOBO,n:CTBY B03,n:YIIIHbIMI1 CI1JIaMH CTpaHbI B COCTaBe
JIJIOH,n: )]:)Kop,n:)Ka 11 reHepaJIa CMYTca.
12UIOJlR - Bpl1TaHCKI1H CTOpO)KeBOH Kopa6JIb rrSTpI10T ,
06opy,n:OBaHHbIH npI1B 3HbIM aspOCTaTOM, 06HapY)KHJI repMaH-
CKYIO no,n:Bo,n:HYIO JIO,n:KY Ha paCCTO$lHl111 OKOJIO 52 KM. JIo,n:Ka
norpY3HJIaCb Ha ,n:HO 11 CKpbIJIaCb H3 nOJI 3peHI1 npHB 3Horo
a3pOCTaTa. Kor,n:a Ha6JIIO,n:aTeJII1 npl16JII1311JIHCb Ha 11 KM, JIO,n:-
Ka BCnJIbIJIa, HO TYT )Ke BHOBb norpY3HJIacb. CTOpO)KeBOH KO-
pa6JIb aTaKOBaJI JIO,n:KY, nOJIb3Y Cb HaBe,n:eHHeM C aspOCTaTa M
nOBpe,n:HJI ee Kopnyc.
B 3TOM ro,n:y npaKTHqeCKI1 Bce <pJIarMaHCKl1e Kopa6JIM 6pH-
TaHCKoro <pJIOTa 6bIJII1 cHa6)KeHbI npI1B 3HbIMI1 aspOCTaTaMH,
HMeBllIl1MI1 TeJIe<poH H no,n:HI1MaBIIII1MI1 Ha BbICOTY 120-200 M
o,n:Horo- ,n:BYX Ha6JIIO,n:aTeJIeH.
Bocm01/,1l0eBpOneucKuu meamp
13 UIOJUl - BOHCKa 8-H apMl111 PYCCKoro IOro-3ana,n:Horo
<ppoHTa npo,n:BHHYJII1Cb B cpe,n:HeM Ha 25-30 KM. fepMaHcKoe
KOMaH,n:OBaHl1e Haql1HaeT cneIIIHO nepe6pacbIBaTb K MeCTY npo-
pbIBa 11 ,n:HBH3HH C <DpaHQY3cKoro <ppoHTa.
14 UIOJUl - PyccKl1e aBHapa3Be,n:QI1KI1 C006Il1HJIH 0 HaQaB-
IIIec nepe6pocKe B paHoH npopbIBa repMaHCKI1X BOHCK.
B 6o x no,n: KOHIOxaMI1 PYCCKM aBl1aQH , HeCMOTp , a, B03-
MOIKHO, 6JIaro,n:ap$l CBoeH MaJIOQI1CJIeHHOCTH, pa60TaJIa C HOJI-
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cnoco6Ha, qaCTO no co6cTBeHHOM: I1HI1Ql1aTI1Be. O,n:HH 11 Te iKC
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1917 lOa
493
bparMH: rrO CBOeM: I1HI1l{HaTI1Be 51 HatJaJI pa3rOBOpbI C KO-
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IllHTb HOtJHOM: nOJIeT B TbIJI npOTMBHMKa C QeJlbIO 60M60MeTa-
HI1 . CJIYtJaM: CKOpO rrpe,ltCTaBI1JIC5I. bbIJI I1IOHb 1917 r., llIJIH 60H
no,lt KOHlOxaMI1. 2-M: apTI1JIJIepI1MCKI1M: aBHaoTpH,lt CTOHJI B t{e-
peBHc J{eHl1cYB B6JIH311 TapHOnOJIH. A3pO,llpOM 6bIJI t{OCTaTotJ-
HO XOPOIlII1M. K KOHQY MIOHH, Kor,lta pa3BepnYJIOCb HacTynJIe-
Hl1e HaIllI1X BOM:CK, 113 llITa6a 11-M: apMl111 rrocrynl1JII1 CBet{e-
HI1H, tJTO HeMel{KOe KOMaHJ{OBaHl1e nepe6paCbIBaeT BOM:CKa H
60enpl1rraCbI K CPpOHTY. 3TO nO,llTBept{l1J1a 11 aBl1apa3Be/.{Ka.
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061l1aH 60M60BaH HarpY3Ka COCTaBJIHJIa 80 Kr. MOI1M TOBapl1-
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CaztKY CaMOJIeTOB Ha paCCBeTe.
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Moro a3pO,ltpOMa He rrpe,ltCTaBJIHJI TPY t{HOCTeM. OCBellteHl1e
Ka611HbI H C,lleJlaJI OT ,llBYX CYXI1X 6aTape:H 11 MaJIeHbKOM: eJI04-
HOM: 3JIeKTpOJlaMrr04KI1. fOpl130HT npl1 JIYHHOM OCBell1eHHI16bIJI
494
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a3po.n;pOMOM, YBH.n;eJI, tITO CaMOJIeT AH,n;peeBa He B3JIeTeJI -
KaK IIOTOM BbI CHHJIOCb, H3-3a HeHcrrpaBHOCTH MOTopa. MbI
B3 JIH KYpC Ha BbICOTe 800-1000 M. 3aJIHTaJI JIYHHbIM CBeTOM
MeCTHOCTb, 3HaKOMaJI IIO MHOrOtIlfCJIeHHbIM .n;HeBHbIM IIOJIeTaM,
06JIertIaJIa opHeHTHpOBKY B HOtIHOM rrOJIeTe. 1II0cce If peKIf
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Ta. ITpOM:JI. JIHHHIO CBOHX H Herrp TeJIbCKHX OKonOB, Mbl OKa-
3aJIHCb n6JIH3H CTaHQHH 3JIOtIYB.
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B BMHT npH JII060M M3MeHeHMM t.J:HCJIa 060pOTOB; 2) JIerKOCTb
YCTaHOBKH H npHcnoco6JIHeMOCTb; 3) npOCTOTa KOHCTPYKUMH
M JJ;ocTynHocTb; 4) YCTaHoBKa He OTHHMaeT MeCTa; 5) JtellIeBJIe
Bcex cYU!eCTBYIOll{HX; 6) nOJIHCUI 6e30nacHocTb JtJI JIeTt.J:MKa...;
7) He3aBHCMMOCTb ,lI,eMCTBM nYJIeMeTa . OTKJIOHMTeJIb BeCMJI
5 Kr.
11306peTeHMe He 6bIJIO peaJIM30BaHO.
BBC POCCMM K 20 HIOJI 1917 f. Hact.J:HTbIBaJIH 91 aBHaOT-
p JJ;, B TOM t.J:HCJIe 4 KpenOCTHbIX, HaXOJtHBllIMXC B OJJ;ecce,
PCBeJIe, KpoHllITa)tTe H IIeTporpaJJ;e, M 3 aBMaOTp JJ;a (32 ca-
MOJIeTa) - B ynpaBJIeHM X. KpoMe TOfO, 6bIJIO 5 aBHaOTp JJ;OB
T51)l(eJIbIX MHorOMOTopHbIX Kopa6JIeM THna l1JIb MYPoMel{ .
MOpCKCUI aBHaUH pacnOJIaraJIa 32 aBHaOTp JJ;aMH, B OCHOB-
HOM YKOMnJIeKTOBaHHbIMH JIeTaIOll.{HMM JIOJJ;KaMM CHCTeMbI
rpMropoBHt.J:a, 6a3MpoBaBllIMMMc Ha qepHoM M DaJITMHCKOM
MOp X. TaKMM o6pa30M, Bcero 6bIJIO 135 aBMaoTp JJ;oB. lITO
KacaeTC aBMal1HH HenocpeJ{CTBeHHO npMJJ;aHHOM BOMCKaM, TO
OHa HaCt.J:HTbIBaJIa 44 KopnYCHbIX, 4 apTMJIJIepMHCKHX, 12 ap-
MeHCKHX M 24 MCTpe6MTeJIbHbIX aBMaOTp JJ;a.
B COCTaB Ka)l(JJ;oro KopnycHoro OTp JJ;a BXOJJ;MJIO 6 CaMOJIe-
TOB JJ;aJIbHeH H 6JIM)I(HeM pa3BeJJ;KM, 2 apTHJIJIepMHCKMX caMO-
JIeTa M 2 MCTpe6MTeJI . CJIeJJ;OBaTfJIbHO, o6ll.{ee t.J:MCJIO CaMOJIe-
TOB, nOJIaraBllIHXC JJ;JI 3TOH rpynnbI no Ta6eJIM, JtOJI)KHO 6bIJIO
COCTaBJI Tb 264 KopnYCHbIX, 88 apTHJIJIepMMCKHX, 88 MCTpe-
6J1TeJIbHbIX, Bcero 440 CaMOJIeTOB. IIoJJ;aBJI IOll.{a t.J:aCTb (346
l\'IallIMH) npeJJ;Ha3Ha'-laJIaCb JJ;JI 6JIM)I(HeH pa3BeJJ;KH. Me)l(JJ;y
TCM, K 20 MIOH 1917 r. Bce KopnYCHble aBMaOTp J{bI Hact.J:MTbI-
BaJIM TOJIbKO 144 CaMOJIeTa.
ABfYCT
C 1CUI no aBrycT 1917 r. 177 CaMOJIeTOB rOTa G-4 npOM3-
BeJIM 8 HanaJ{eHMH Ha AHfJIMIO, npM 3TOM 401 aHrJIMt.J:aHMH no-
1917 lOa
501
rM6 M 983 6bIJIO paHeHO. DbIJIO c6poIIIeHo 20 T 60M6. Il.enneJII1-
HbI Mor JIH 6bI npoH3BecTH 3TO 3a O,ltMH lI.eHb.
B aBrycTe 1917 r. «DoM6aplI.l1pOBOqHM 3cKaJ{pa 3 COBep-
IIIHJIa HanaJ{eHHe Ha COYT JIeHlI., PaMcreHT, MapreHT 11 l{YBp.
OlI.HaKO B03pOCIIIM MOIl{b 6pMTancKHx nBO npHHYl1MJIa rep-
MaHcKMH reHepaJIbHblH lliTa6 Bnpe,ltb npeKpaTMTb ,ltHeBHbIe
HanaJ{eHHSI, TaK KaK OHIi BeJIM K 60JIbllIHM nOTepSlM. I1MeHHo B
3TOM MeCSlue Bce 6pliTaHCKHe CI'IJIbI nBO 6bIJIM 06'belI.I1HCHbl
nolI. e,ltHHbIM KOMaHJ.(OBaHHeM.
B BeJIMK06pHTaHliH nOl1 BneqaTJIeHHeM B03pOCllIeH lle.H-
TeJIbHOCTH BBC C JIeTa 1917 r. KaMnaHHSI BoeHHbIX, npoMbIIu-
JIeHHHKOB M napJIaMeHTapl1eB Tpe60BaJIa 3HaqHTeJIbHOrO YCH-
JIeHMSI B03,ltYUIHbIX CHJI H MX caMOCTO TeJIbHOCTH, KaK TpeTbe-
v
ro pO,lta BOliCK HapSl,lty C Ha3eMHbIMH H MOpCKHMH BoeHHbIMH
CHJIaMH. 3TO 6bIJIO KaqeCTBeHHbIM IIIarOM BnepelI., nOCKOJIbKY
B repMaHli1i H <DpaHUMM K 3TOMY BpeMeHH aBHaUH.H CQI1TaJIaCb
v v v
nSlTbIM BI1,ltOM BOliCK, Hap lI.Y C apTHJIJlepHeli, neXOTOIi, KaBa-
JIepHeH H MOpCKHM <pJIOTOM.
Ha H TaJIbSlHCKOM <ppOIlTC rCHepan Ka.n:opHa npe,ltnpI1H5IJI
B 3TOM MeCSlQe O,ltIiHHa.n:u:aToe nacTynJIeHMe Ha p. 1130HQo, KO-
Topoe TaKjI(e Ha npliHeCJIO Oll(YTIiMbIX pe3YJIbTaTOB.
9 a8zycma - B 9 QaCOB Beqepa 12 repMaHcKHx «AJIb6a-
TpOCOB Ha BblCOTe 3800 M B paRoHe ,l{IiKcMIOH,lte aTaKOBaJIH
<ppaHUY3CKlie 60M6aplI.HpOBll!IiKIi. 3CKOpTHpOBaJI 60M60B03bI
<DOHK. C BbICOTbI 5000 M <ppanUY3cKIiH IiCTpe6liTeJlb aTaKO-
BaJI HanaBlllliX. nepBoH iKe Oqepe,ltblO, BblnYCTHB JIHlllb 20 nYJIb
C 6JIli3KOrO pacCTOSlHIi.H, <DOHK C6HJI OlI.HOrO «An:b6aTpoca 11
TOT CTaJI BepTIiKaJIbHO nalI.aTb. Qepc3 n$lTb MIiHYT <DOHK no-
BTOpliJI aTaKY M BbIHy,ltIiJI K nOCaJ{Ke BTOpOM repMaHCKI1H ca-
MOJleT. Tenepb Ha CqeTY <DoIlKa CTaJIO 7 3aperMcTpHpoBaHHblx
n06eJ.(.
10 a8zycma - fepMaHcKlie BoeHHble C03lI.aJlIi 3CKanpy 113
58 CaMOJIeTOB (1i3 HHX 40 Ol1HOMeCTHblx), KOTOpM 6bIJla pa3-
,lteJICHa Ha rpynnbI no 5 HJIIi 10 CaMOJIeTOB, HMeBIlIHe CBoeM
3aJ{aqeH OKa3bIBaTb ,ltPyr ,apyry orHeBYIO nOMepjJ(KY B B03,lty-
xe. 3TH rpynnbI CTaJIH BbICJIe)KMBaTb H YHHqTO)l(aTb O,ltMHOq-
HbIe <PpaHUY3CKMe CaMOJIeTbl Ii 06blqHO M36eraJIH CTOJIKHOBe-
502
A8ua UR BeJlUKOU 80U1fbl
HHM: C XOpOIliO J{HCU;HnJIHHHpOBaHHbIMH <ppaHUY3CKHMH rpyn-
rraMH CnAl{oB».
11 a8zycma - B B03J{yxe UapHJIO Heo6bIt.J:awHoe OIKHBJIe-
HHe. CHat.J:aJIa 6 CaMOJIeTOB 3CKa.n:pHJIbH AHCTOB» npH naTpy-
JIHpOBaHHH 6bIJIH 06CTpeJI HbI nJIOTHbIM orHeM repMaHcKow
apTHJIJIepHH; 4 CaMOJIeTa, XOT H CMOrJIH BepHYTbc Ha CBOW
a3pOJ{pOM, 6bIJIH cepbe3HO nOBpeIKJ{eHbI.
B OTBeT Ha 3TO JIeTt.J:HKH 103-w 3CKa.n:pHJIbH B 17 t.J:aCOB aTa-
KOBaJIH 6oM6aMH C BbICOTbI 500 M repMaHCKHe 6apaKH, pacno-
JIOIKeHHble HenOJ{aJIeKY OT I1npa. A HCTpe6HTeJIH 26-w 3CKaJ{-
pHJIbH C BbICOTbI 150-200 M 06CTpeJI JIH H3 nYJIeMeTOB pacno-
JIOIKeHHbIe Ha onYlliKe JIeca n06JIH30CTH repMaHCKHe 6aTapeH,
a TaKIKe paCKBapTHpOBaHHbIe B 6apaKax B6JIH3H 6aTapew rep-
MaHCKHe t.J:aCTH.
B 18 qaCOB JIeTt.J:HKH 26-w 3CKaJ{pHJIbH nOBTOpHJIH CBOIO
aTaKY Ha 6apaKI1 H C6POCHJIH 60M6bI Ha J{BHraBIIIYIOC B CTO-
POHY CTa.n:eHa KOJIOHHY repMaHCKHX BOWCK.
B B03J{YX nOJ{H JIHCb 35 repMaHCKHX CaMOJIeTOB (7 H3 HHX
J{ByxMecTHbIe) pa3JIHt.J:HbIX THnOB H pa3rOpeJIOCb MHOIKeCTBO
B03J{YIlIHbIX 6oeB. HeMUbI rpynnaMH no 7 -12 CaMOJIeTOB Ha-
JIeTaJIH Ha <ppaHUY3CKI1X pa3BeJ{t.J:HKOB H KoppeKTHpoBIUHKOB
H BcrynaJIH B CXBaTKH C HCTpe6HTeJI MH. B 22 t.J:aca aKTHBHOCTb
repMaHcKHx aBHaTopoB cnaJIa.
B 23 t.J:aca Ta JKe 26- <ppaHUY3cKCUI 3cKaJ{pHJIb C6pOCHJIa
60M6bI Ha paCrrOJIOIKeHHe repMaHCKHX BOHCK HenOJ{aJIeKY OT
JIaHreMapHa.
17 a8zycma - TIpe,llcTaBJIeH BTOpOW H nOCJIeJ{HHw l(OKJIaJ{
reHepaJIa CMYTca.
ABHaUH ... MOIKeT npHMeH TbC KaK caMOCTO TeJIbHOe
6oeBoe cpel(CTBO npH BoeHHbIX onepaUH X. * HHKTO 113 Ha6JIIO-
l(aBIlIHX aTa KY Ha JIOHJ{OH 11 HIOJI ** He CTaHeT B 3TOM COMHe-
* TaKHM 06pa30M, C 3Toro MOMCJlTa MOJKIIO BCCTH OTC4CT POJKllCIiJUI aBHa-
IlilH KaK caMOCT05lTCJlhilOrO pOlla 0pYJKH}1 - TpCTbcro, lIap}IJlY C MOpCI<HMH H
lfa iCMJlbIMH CI1JlaMH, 110 opHTalicKoti K13aJIH(I>HKaIlI1H. IIOXOJKC, rClIcpaJl CMYTC
flCpBblM OTMCTHJI TO, YTO Y)KC pOJlI1JIOCb rOlllla;ia.ll.
*'" I1MCCTC5I n BHllY lfaJICT 7 HIOJI . 11 HIOJI}I IIpOHCXOllHJIO Tatilloc :.mCCJla-
IIHC lIapJlaMCIlTa 110 PC3YJlbTaTaM vToro IIclJICTa, lIa KOTOpOM rCIICpaJI CMYTC
61>IJI 136pall HIICIiCKTOpOM KOMl'l1'cTa 110 PYK013011CTOY BBC BpI1TaIlHH.
1917 lOa
503
BaThCH HH O.n;HOH MHHYThI. B OTJIHt.IMe OT apTHJIJIepHH B03.n;yrn-
HhIH <pJIOT MOJKeT npOH3BO.n;HTh 60JIhIllHe OnepaU;HI1 B.n;aJIH OT
OCHOBHhIX CHJI apMHH H <pJIOTa H He3aBHCHMO OT HHX. YJKe CeH-
qaC MO:>KHO npe.n;CKa3aTh, t.ITO MaCllITa6bI BOeHHOrO npHMeHe-
HMH aBHaUHH 6y.n;YT COBepIlleHHO 6e3rpaHHqHhI. H MOJKeT 6bITb
CKOpO HaCTaHeT .n;eHh, KOr.n;a B03JJ:YIllHhIe OnepaUHH... CTaHYT
OCHOBHhIMH BOeHHhIMH onepaUHHMH, a Bce onepaUHH cyxonYT-
HhIX apMHM H <pJIOTa - no.n;c06HhIMH M no.n;t.IHHeHHhIMH...
51 CqHTaIO, qTO HeT pa3YMHbIX OCHOBaHHM coxpaHHTb 6IOpO
aBHaU;HH B HbIHeIIIHeH ero <popMe COBell1aTeJIbHOrO KJIy6a npeJJ.-
u
CTaBHTeJIeH CTaphIX Be.n;OMCTB, a CJIe.n;yeT B03BbICI1Tb ero B paHr
caMOCTOHTeJlhHOrO MHHHCTepCTBa...
YJKe B 6JIHJKaHiliHe BeCHY H JICTO apMHH Ii <pJIOT 6y.n;YT
MMeTh nOJIHOCThlO He06xo.l(HMOe .n;JI BoeHHhIX onepaUHH KO-
JIHqeCTBO aapOnJIaHOB. CBepx Toro MbI 6y.n;eM HMeTb 3Hat.JH-
u u
TeJIhHbIH H3JIHIlleK .n;JI caMOCTOSlTeJIbHbIX BhlcTynJleHMH BO-
eHHOM aBHaU;MH. KTO 6y.n;eT CJIe.n;HTh H HanpaBJIHTb .l(e5lTeJIb-
HOCTh 3Toro "H3JIHllIKa"?
... HenpephIBHoe H CTpeMHTeJIbHOe .n;aBJIeHMe aBMaU;HH Ha
HH.n;YCTpHaJIhHble ueHTphI HenpHHTeJIH H Ha ero KOMMYHMKa-
IU10HHhIe JIMHHM MO:>KeT CTaTb O.n;HHM H3 Ba:>KUeMIllHX <paKTO-
pOB MHpa....
19 a8zycma - Heo6bIt.JHhIH .n;eHh - fMfIHeMep BbIJICTeJI B
naTpYJIMpOBaHMe B nape C <!>OHKOM. 3TO 3HaMeHaTCJIbHO TeM,
t.ITO rMHHeMep 6hIJI HenpHMHpHMhIM CTOpOHHHKOM HH.l(HBHJJ.Y-
aJIbHbIX nOJleTOB, a C!>OHK y6e)l(.n;eHHbIM npe.n;CTaBMTeJIeM rpyn-
nOBOM TaKTHKH. 06a JIeTqHKa C6MJIH no .n;BYXMeCTHOMY rep-
MaHCKOMY CaMOJIeTY, KOTopbIe CrOpeJIH B B03.l(yxe.
21 a8zycma - ):{Ba <ppaHUY3cKHX JIeTt.JHKa-l1cTpe6wTeJIH
l{IOMa H ):{e3apya BCTpet.IaIOT B B03.n;yxe llJIOTHYro rpynilY rep-
MaHCKHX HCTpe6MTeJIeU, COnpOBO)K.l(alOI..UHX CBOHX .n;BYXMeCT-
HbIX pa3Be.n;t.IHKOB. Bcero HM BCTpeTHJIOCh OKOJIO 30 repMaH-
CKI1X CaMOJleTOB. 06a cppaHU;Y3a He 3attYMhIBa5ICh 6pocalOTC B
aTaKY, B pe3YJIhTaTe KOTOpOH ):{IOMa, THJKeJIO paHeHbIM B rOJIO-
BY, COBepIllaeT BhIHY)KJ];eHHYIO nOCaztKY B 1I0BM; ,l!e3apya, pa-
HeHhIH B 6e.n;po, B03Bpall.(aeTC Ha CBoeM H3peIllet.JelIHOH Ma-
IIIHHe Ha 6a3Y.
504
A6uau,UR BellUKOU 60U1l'bl
<DOHK OTblrpaJIC.H 3a TOBapHlI(eM H nOJIYt.J:HJI B 3at.J:eT ,ltecSI-
TYro n06e,ltY.
B HCTpe6MTeJIbHYro 3CKa,n:pHJIblO PHXTrO<peHa npH6bIJIO ,ltBa
nepBbIX HOBbIX CaMOJIeTa <DoKKep Dr- I. 3TOT TpMnJIaH, CKO-
nHpOBaBIlIHM COnBMt.J:-TpMnJIaH OTHbIHe CTaHeT JIro6HMOH H
nOCJIe,ltHeM MarnHHOH MaH<ppe,lta. BTOpa.H MarnHHa ,lIOCTaJIaCb
,ltPyrOMY repMaHCKOMY acy - <Doccy.
20-26 a8zycma - AHrJIHMCKHe BOMcKa npoBoJ{51T CJIe,lty-
IOlI(YIO TaKTHt.J:eCKYIO HacTynaTeJIbHYro onepaUHIO B paHoHe
Bep,lteHa C l eJIbIO Y JIYt.J:llIeHH5I CBOMX n03HUMM H 3aXBaTa onop-
HbIX nYHKTOB, He OT6MTbIX y repMaHueB B XO,lIe Bep,lteHCKOM
onepaUHH 1916 r. B ueJIOM onepaUHSI 3aBeprneHa ycnelliHO.
24 a8zycma - bpHTaHcKHH BoeHHbIM Ka6HHeT 06cYIK,ltaeT
nOCJIe,ltHHM ,ltOKJIa,lt reHepaJIa CMYTca. MMHpaJITeHCTBo B JIHQe
C3pa 3pl1Ka fa,lt,lteJIa 51pOCTHO conpOTHBJISleTC5I OCHOBHOM H,ltee
,ltOKJIa,lta - C03,ltaHHro OT,lteJIbHDrO MHHHCTepCTBa. JIOp,ltbI A;J.-
MHpaJITCHCTBa BI1,lt.HT B aBMaUHH xopOllIee nO,ltC06HOe Cpe,ltCTBO
l{JI5I MopCKoro <pJIOTa M He XOT5IT BblnYCKaTb ero H3 CBOHX PYK.
25 a8zycma - B POCCMM HaKOnHJIC5I 60JIbllIOM onbIT HOq-
I-IbIX nOJIeTOB, KOTOpbIM nOnbITaJICSI nO,ltp06HO npOaHaJIH3HpO-
BaTb O,ltHH M3 KOMaH,ltlipOB PYCCKMX aBHaOTpSl,ltOB.
Co06meHMSI 0 HOqHbIX nOJIeTaX Bo06me H HOqHOM KoppeK-
TMpOBaHHH CTpeJIb6bI, B qaCTHOCTH, KOMaH,ltlipa 41-ro aBHaUM-
OHHoro OTp5l,lta nO,ltnOJIKOBHMKa fJIy60KoBeKoBa:
1) l1,n;e51 HOt.J:HbIX nOJIeTOB Bo06me: perneHHe 60eBblx 3a-
,ltaq npH OTHOCMTeJIbHOM, B cpaBHcHHH C ,ltHeM, 6c30nacHocTH
,ltJISI aKTHBHO ,lteHcTBYIOIUHX CaMOJIeTOB.
2) 3HaqeHMe .l(JISI PYCCKOM aBHaUHH HOqHbIX nOJIeTOB or-
pOMHO no npMt.J:HHe:
a) He,ltOCTaTKa TeXHMt.J:eCKHX Cpe,ltCTB,
6) cpaBHHTeJIbHOrO HX HeCOBepmeHCTBa,
B) TeXHHqeCKOM OTCTaJIOCTH H He06xo,ltMMOCTH npO,ltYKTHB-
IIO HCnOJIb30BaTb BeCb HMelOlI(MMC5I 3anac YCTapeJIbIX, HO Ha-
,lteJKHbIX CaMOJICTOB.
3) HOt.J:HbIe nOJIeTbI, npOHcXO,ltSl B He06bltlHOM 06cTaHoBKe,
Tpe6YloT npOSlBJICHH5I H He06bIt.J:HbIX CBOMCTB co CTOpOHbI JIeT-
qHKOB; 110 3TOT Bonpoc, npl1HHMaH BO BHHMaHHe HcnbITaHHYIo
1917 zoo
505
,n:06JIeCTb HaWMX JIeTt.JI1KOB, JICrKO pa3pellIMM: He06xo.lJ:HMa
TOJIbKO nJIaHOMepHaH pa60Ta ,n:JI5I npH06peTCHI151 HaBbIKa (06-
ee PYKOBO,n:CTBO, BbITeKalOIUee H3 06IUHX QeJIeH, B CBOIO ot.Jc-
pe,n:b BbITeKaIOIUMX M3 06ll(l1x Ht(ei1).
4) Pa3 npl13HaHa He06xo,n:I1MOCTb 11 B03MO)KHOCTb HOllIIbIX
nOJIeTOB C QeJIbIO perneHH5I 60eBblx 3aJ(aq (rJlaBHa51 113 KOTO-
pbIX - pa3Be,l.(Ka M pa3PYIIIeHl1e), TO n05lBJI5IIOTC5I HOBbIe Bon-
pOCbI 0 cnoc06ax BblnOJIHeHH5I I1X.
5) OTcIo,n:a oc06aJ1 pa60Ta BoeHIIoro JIeTt.JHKa H JIeTt.JI1Ka-
Ha6JIIO,n:aTeJI5I no pa3Be,l{Ke H pa3pyweHHIO ueJleH HOlJbIO.
6) Pa3PyrneHMe QeJIei1: I) 60M60MeTalIMe H II) apTHJIJIC-
v u
pl1l1CKl111 orOHb.
I. BOM60MeTaHl1e.
a) Bep05lTHOCTb nona,aaHH5I 60JIbllIe qeM ,aHeM, TaK KaK
MeHbIIIe BbICOTa.
6) PaMKo i CJIY)I(MT HOpMaJIbHa51 BH,n:HMOCTb.
n o,n:rOTOBHTeJIbHaH pa6oTa:
1) TpCHHpoBKa JIeTt.JHKOB M Ha6JIIo,n:aTeJIci1.
2) A3pO,n:pOM (06IUHe Tpe60BaHI151).
3) OCBemeHHe ero: KOCTpbI, UpO)l(eKTOp.
KOCTpbI, - KaK onpe,n:eJI5IIOI.QMe BbICOTY CaMOJIeTa OT 3eM-
JIM ,n:JI BblpaBHMBaHM5I npM noca,n:Ke.
KaqeCTBO a3po,n:pOMa no JII1BMM nocat{KH HC onpe,n:eJII1Tb.
fI pO)l(eKTOp: TOqHO OCBeIUaeT JII1HHIO noca,n:KM.
IT pl1 J{aJIbHMX nOJIeTaX HanpaBJIeHHbIM BepTHKaJIbHO JIYt.J
CJIY)I(I1T opMeHTHpOM CaMOJIeTaM, t.JTO n03BOJIMT Y.lI.aJIeuuc Ha
,l{eC5ITKI1 BepCT.
YMeHbIllaeT B03MO)l(HOCTb 3a6JIy,n:MTbC5I.
4) OCBemeIIMe CaMOJIeTa - 3Heprl151-3JIeMeHTbI (Bec ,n:o 30
<PYHTOB).
JIaMnOqKM: 3 OCBeIUalOIUHX npl160pbI 11 KaneJIbHHK (,aJI5I
nOCJIe.llHerO Me)l(.llY MOTOpOM M KaneJIbHMKOM - npOCBet.JH-
BaeT) .
5) OII03HaBaTeJlbHbIe Ha KOHuax BepxHeM nJIOCKOCTH, 6po-
calOIUMe CBeT Ha HHjI(HlO1O (pe3KocTb); JIeBCUI - KpaCHaH, npa-
BaR - 6eJlaH. )!alOT B03MO)KHOCTb CaMOJIeTY onpe,n:eJII1Tb Ha-
npaBJlCHM5I M nOJlOjl(eHl1e B B03,n:yXC OTHOCMTeJIbHO JJ.Pyroro.
506
A8uau-USl BeJlUKOU 80U1lbl
6) fpynnoBa51 pa60Ta:
CTporo onpe,aeJIeHHbIH MapmpYT nOJIeTa.
lIpH BCTpeqaX - pacxo,aHTbC.H no on03HaBaTeJIbHbIM 0651-
3aTeJIbHO BnpaBO.
rIpH nOMeTe K a3po,apOMY npO)KeKTOp onYCKaeTC.H, OCBe-
Il1aR MeCTO H HanpaBJIeHHe noca,aKH. C 3eMJIH curHan paKeToH
o noca,aKe. rIpHHHMaeTC5I paKeToH ca,a.HlI.{HMC5I CaMOJIeTOM.
CeJI, CTapT cB060,aeH, CHrHan CJIe,aYlOlI.{eM)T. lIpHHHMaeTC.H ca-
MOJIeTOM, ceJI H T. ,a.
II. ,l{JI.H ,aeHcTBeHHocTH apTHJIJIepHHCKoro OrH.H He06xo,aH-
MO KoppeKTHpoBaHHe ero, qTO B CBOIO 01.Jepe)1b BbI)1BHraeT Bon-
pOCbI:
a) opHeHTHpOBaHHe HOqblO;
6) pa3Be)1KH C apTHJIJIepHHCKoH QeJIblO (Han; MeCTHOCTblO
xoporno 113BeCTHOH H H3Y1.JeHHOH )1HeM);
B) QeJIeYKa3aHH.H;
r) c06CTBeHHO KoppeKTHpOBaHH5I CTpeJIb6bI (TeXHHKa
OrH.H );
)1) CB5I3H 3eMJIH C B03)1yrnHbIM Ha6JIIO)1aTeJIeM, TaK KaK 06-
paTHCUI CB.H3b no pa,n:HO MOJKeT CqHTaTbC5I 06eCne1.JeHHOH BnOJI-
He (H01.JblO pa.n:Honepe)1aqa COBeprneHHee, KaK nOKa3aJl onbIT).
7) HOqHOH nOJIeT 21/7,23 qac. 30 MHH. H BbITeKalOlI.{He H3
Hero OTBeTbI Ha BOnpOCbI...
A) YCJlOBH.H nOJleTa:
aTMoccpepHble - B03)1YX BJIaJKeH, HaKaHYHe 6bIJI )10)K)1b,
BeTpa HeT;
OCBell.{eHHe: Ha 3eMJIe KOCTpbI, He60 6e306JIaqHOe, He Me-
rnalOlI.{ee HenpepbIBHOCTH JIYHHoro OCBell.{eHH.H;
BH)1HMOCTb CaMOJIeTa C 3eMJIH (HaqHHCUI C 300 M) O'-leHb
lfe3Ha1.JHTeJIbHCUI.
B) BbIBO)1bl:
a) HOpMaJIbHCUI BH.l{HMOCTb, He06xo,l(HMCUI JI)I.H apTHJIJIeplfH-
CKoro Ha6JIIO,l(aTeJIjI, npH BbICOTe nOJIeTa B 500 M )10CTMfana no
pa.n:HYCY 3 BepCTbI; B paHoHe ee (BH)1HMOCTH) Ha6JII0)1aTeJIb OT-
]IHqHO Mor opHeHTHpoBaTbC.H Ha MeCTHOCTH. BeJIH1.JHHa 3Toro
panOHa )10CTaT01.JHIDI )1JU1 KoppeKTHpoBaHH5I, MOO 3a ee npe)1eJIbI
u u
apTHJIJIepHHCKHe Cnap.H)1bl BbIHTH HHKaK He MOryT;
1917zoa
507
6) BBHl(Y Toro, \lTO TYMaH (n;roKe BJIa)KHOcTh) MernaeT 60JIee
,ltaJIhHeMY Ha6JIIO,lteHMIO, OpMeHTl1pOBaHMe M CBj{3aHHM C HHM
pa3Bet{Ka ,ltOJI)KHhI 6hITh nOCJIe,ltOBaTeJIhHhIMH, IIepeXOM OT 0,[(1-10-
ro opMeHTMpa K t{PyrOMY IIO nYTIi CJIe,ltOBaHIij{ K npe,ltnOJIarae-
MOMY Mecry OThICKIiBaeMOH u.eJIH. Ha6JIIOt{aTeJIh, IiM Ha BhICO-
Te 500 M, 6Y,lteT BM,lteTh IIOJIOCY IlllipMHOH 5-6 BepCT, \lTO BJI eT-
Cj{ BIIOJIHe ,ltOCTaTO\lHhIM. BIi,ltIiMOCTh HeKOTophIX npOT IKeIlI1t'1
Ii nOt{p06HocTeH peJIhe<t>a OT JIliqHa (,ltOpOrli, peKIi, JIeca, CTpOC-
Hlij{) 6JIarot{apj{ pe3KMM TeHj{M OT npe,[(MeTOB, CJIe,ltOBaTeJIhHO,
u
pa3Be,ltKa Ha,lt MeCTHOCThlO, 1i3Y1.IeHHOIi ,ltHeM, He npet{CTaBJI eT
TPY,ltHOCTIi: QeJIh MO)KeT 6hlTh Haflt{eHa, nOJIO)l(eHMe ee onpet{e-
JIeHO Ha MeCTHOCTH OTHOCI1TeJIhHO OpMeHTl1pOB I1 HaHeceno Ha
Kapry, \lTO B CBOIO O\lepet{h nOBJIeqeT 3a C060H JIerKOCTb:
B) QeJIeYKa3aHIij{ B Op,ltMHaTaX na KapTe;
r)KoppeKTHpOBaHMeapTIiJIJIepMHCKO CTpeJIh6w(pa3BHt{-
Ha u.eJIh, TO MOIKHO na6JIIO.n:aTh Ii IIepe.n:aBaTh Ha6JIIOt{eHH ) C
TeXHl1\1eCKOH CTOpOHhI 3aTPYt{lIeHI1H lie npet{CTaBMT. Ha6JlIo-
,lteHlie t{OJI)KHO 6hITh nJIallHbIM , T. e. annapaT ,ltOJI)KeH Haxo-
,ltIiTbC Hat{ QeJIhlO (Ha,lt Henpli TeJIhCKI1M pacnOJIOJKeHMeM, He
u u
BbIXOt{ 3a npet{eJIhI HOpMaJIhHOIi BI1,ltI1l\10CTIi, YKa3aHH0l1 .l{JI
ynoM HYThIX BbIIlle YCJIOBMH nOJIeTa B II. "a u . HaH6oJIbllIYIO
TPY,ltHOCTh npet{CTaBIiT onpe.l{eJIeHl1e nOJIO)KeHI1 t{lipeKTpHCbI
,,6aTapej{ - QeJIh u , HO Ii 3TO t{OCTI1)KIiMO. Hat{o paCCMaTpHBaTb:
1) KoppeKTlipOBaHMe 'cTpeJIh6hI HO\lblO no Y)Ke t{HeM npI1CTpe-
JIeHHOH QeJIM .n:JI Bhlj{CHeHI1j{ HOqHOH IIonpaBKM; 2) KoppeK-
TlipoBaHMe npMCTpeJIKIi M CTpeJIh6hI no QeJIIi, oThIcKaHHoH
t{HeM; 3) KoppeKTlipoBaHHe npliCTeJIKM 11 CTpeJIh6bI no QeJII1,
Hel13BeCTHoH t{HeM Ii 06HapYIKeHHoH HOqhlO. Bce 3TH CJIyqaH
u u
KOppeKTl1pOBaHIi C apTMJIJIeplil1CKOH TOqKIi 3peHI1 , pa3 Ha-
6JIIOt{aTeJIh BIi,ltI1T, He npet{CTaBJI IOT 3aTPYt{HeHIiMIi pa3pelllH-
MhI. n paKTIiKa nOKa3bIBaeT npo.n:YKTHBHOCTh;
,It) CB 3h 3eMJIIi C lIa6JIIO,ltaTCJIeM nOKa B03MO)KHO YCTaIIO-
BIiTh CBeTOBbIMI1 Cl1rHaJIaMH, a BnOCJIet{CTBI1Ii YCTanOBKOH npl1-
u
eMHOIi pat{I10 Ha CaMOJIeTax.
q TO MO)KeT nOMernaTb na6JIIOt{aTCJIIO:
1. CaMOJIeThI Henpli TeJI (et{Ba JIIi).
2. OroHb npoTliBOa3pOIIJIaHOBbIx 6aTape .
508
A6Ua UJl BellUKOU 80UHbl
3. OCJIenJI lOrnl1e Ha6JIIO,n:aTeJI JIyql1 Henpl1 TeJIbCKOrO
npO)l(eKTopa. TpeTI1H <paKTop OqeHb cepbe3eH, 1160 MO)KeT JII1-
1lII1Tb Ha6JIIO,n:aTeJI cnoc06HoCTI1 BI1,n:eTb; nOSTOMY l(eJIblO noc-
JIe,n:YIOII.1I1X HOqHbIX nOJIeTOB 6y,n:eT:
a) BbI CHeHl1e, HaCKOJIbKO npO)l(eKTOp B COCTO HHI1 OCJIe-
nl1Tb Ha6JIIO,n:aTeJI 11 JIeTql1Ka Ka)l(,n:oro B CBoeM pa60Te?
6) KaKl1e B03MO)l(HO npl1H Tb MepbI npOTI1B SToro?
B) HaCKOJIbKO BI1,n:eH CaMOJIeT C 3eMJII1 ,n:JI ero 06CTpeJII1-
BaHI1 ?
r) B03MO)l(HO JII1 C ,n:OCTaTOqHOM ,n:JI CTpeJIb6bI no CaMOJIe-
TY TOqHOCTblO onpe,n:eJIMTb He06xo,n:I1MbIe ,n:aHHbIe npl1 nOJIeTe
B TeMHOTe, npl1 npOJIeTe C on03HaBaTeJIbHbIMI1, npH npOJIeTe
H a.n; JIyqaMM npO)l(eKTopa?
A) 3azraqa Ha HOqHOM nOJIeT na BbICOTe 1000 M. IIo Opl1eH-
Tl1pOBaHHIO: npOMTI1 Ha.n; onpe,n:eJIeHHOH MeCTHOCTblO 10-12
BepCT, B paMoH npe,l(nOJIaraeMbIX ueJIeM; 06paTHo - 01" HaH,l(eH-
HOM ueJII1 K n0311Ul111 6aTapel1 no ,n:l1peKTpI1Ce. BbUICHI1Tb, Ha-
CKOJIbKO TOtJHO MO)l(HO npOBemaTb ,n:l1peKTpl1CY Ha MeCTHOCTH
( C ueJIblO nOCJIe,n:YIOII(ero KOppeKTl1pOBaHI1 ) nonYTHO: Bonpo-
CbI pa3Be,l(KM ueJII1, ee MeCTOnOJIO)l(eHl1e no Opl1eHTl1paM Ha
MeCTHOCTH, 11 onpe,l(eJIeHl1e ee nOJIOIKeHH Ha KapTe; 3aMeTI1Tb
11 HaHTI1 MeCTO BcnbIllieK.
ITo KOppeKTl1pOBaHl11O TO )l(e, qTO 11 B n. "a u , KpOMe Toro,
BbI CHI1Tb CJIe,n:YIOII(ee: KaKOB pa3Mep Ha6JIIo,n:aeMOH nJIOII(a.n;I1?
rJIa30MepHbIM MaCllITa6: onpe,n:eJIeHl1e BeJIl1ql1HbI OTKJIOHe-
HI1H pa3pbIBOB 01" u;eJII1 (no HanpaBJIeHI1IO 11 ,n:aJIbHOCTI1). Ha-
CKOJIbKO BH,n:eH C B03,n:yxa CBeT JIaMnOtJKI1 SJIeKTpl1qeCKOrO
cpOHap ,n:JI onpe,n:eJIeHI1 nOJIO)l(eHI1 ,n:l1peKTpI1CbI. l.{aJIb-
1I0CTb BM,n:I1MOCTI1 C 3eMJII1 On03I-IaBaTeJIbHbIX CaMOJIeTa.
E) Ha 1500 M: TO JKe, qTO 11 ,n:JI nOJIeTa Ha 1000 M. [JIaB-
lIbIM Bonpoc: Ha CKOJIbKO YMeHbllIaeTc MernaIOII.1eC ,n:eMcTBHe
npoIKeKTopa? Pa,n:I1Yc ero ,l(eHCTBI1TeJIbHOrO BJII1 HI1 . MOIKeT
6bITb, eCJIH HeJIb3 na6JIIO,l(aTb Ha BbICOTe 1000 M, TO MOIKHO
Ha6JIIO,n:aTb na BbICOTe 1500 M, He BbIXO,n: 3a npe,l(eJIbI HOpMaJIb-
HOM HOqHOH BI1,n:I1MOCTH. ,ZJ:eMCTBl1e npO)l(eKTopa: OCJIenJI eT JII1
COBeprneHHO; eCJII1 lieI', TO MCllIaeT JIM BbInOJIlIeHI1IO 3a.n;aQ (no
Ha6JIIO,n:enl1lO, KOppeKTl1pOBaHl11O 11 TeXHI1Ke nOJIeTa). B noc-
1917 lOa
509
JIeJ(HeM CJIY\lae - \lTO MO)l(HO npeJ(npHH.HTh J(JI.H napaJIH30Ba-
HH.H ero J(eHCTBI1.H:
a) YHTI1113 KOHyca CBeTa, MemaIOll1ero pa60TaTb (naCCHB-
HaR Mepa); cnoc06bI 3all HTbI: O\lKI1, K03blpeK, lI.{l1T H T. n.
KaK J(OJIro 11 HenpepbIBHO MO)KeT J(ep)KaTb npOJKeKTOp pa-
60TaIOlI.{I1H CaMOJIeT B CBOHX JIyqax.
MaKCI1MaJIbHaR J(aJIbHOCTb OTJIeTa, KOr,l{a IIanpaBJIeHHbIH
BBepx JIyq npOJKeKTOpa CJIYJKI1T OpHeHTl1pOM.
Oc06eHHoe 3Ha\leHHe J(JI.H HO'lHbIX nOJleTOB J(eTaJlbHO pa3-
pa60TaHHoro nJIana 11 ne,l{aHTHqHOrO era BblnOJIUeHH.H.
TIOJ(IIOJIKOBHI1K fJIy60KoBeKOB».
CEHTH6Pb
KaK npl1 ,l{aJlbHMX IIanaJ(eHl'UIX, TaK 11 npl1 Hana,n:CHM.HX lIa
npl1cppOHTOBYIO nOJIOcy B nOMCpJKKY Ha3eMHbIX BOMCK npl1XO-
J(HJIOCb nepeXOJ(HTb K HOllHbIM BbIJIeTaM, n03TOLVIY 3aBOJ( CMMeHC-
IllYKepT npl1cTynHJI npCJK.ZI:e Bcero K BbInYCKY YJI)'lImeHHbIX TI1-
nOB rl1raHTCKI1X CaMOJIeTOB rOTa» J(JI.H «EOM6apl(l1pOBOllHOM
3CKa,ZJ;pbI 3». HOBbIe MO,l{eJIH nOJ(HHMaJIJ1 OT 4 J(O 8 lIeJIOBeK, I1C-
nOJIb3Y.H OT 3 J(O 7 ny JICMCTOB 11 OT 3 ,l{0 5 MOTOpOB. rl1faHTCKHC
CaMOJIeTbI MOrJII1 6paTb Ha 60pT ,l{O 2,5 T 60M6, ,l{OCTl1faJIH BbICO-
TbI J(O 5900 M Ii CKOpOCTH OT 130 ,l{O 140 KM/llac. I1x rJIy6HHa
npoHMKHOBeHIDI COCTaBJI.HJIa TaKHM 06pa30M, OT 600 ,l{O 700 KM.
e 3TI1MH caMOJIeTaMH-rHfaHTaMI1, lIl1CJIO KOTOpbIX H3-3a HH3KOM
np0I13BO,l{HTeJIbHOCTH Bce ell.{e OCTaBaJIOCb HeJ(OCTaTOllHbIM, rep-
MaHCKI1MllITa6 npO,l{OJI)I(I1JI J(aJlbHIOIO BOMIIY npOTHB AHrJIHI1.
HeCMOTp.H Ha TO, liTO PYCCKa.H apMI1.H pa3BaJlHBaJIaCb, ec BBC
npO,l{OJI:>KaJIl1 cOBeprneHcTBOBaTbC.H, XOT.H B cHa6JKeHH11 aBHaqa-
cTeH nO-npe)l(HeMY PYCCKa.H aBHaQI1.H CHJlbHO 3aBHCeJIa OT CTpaH
AHTaHTbI. B aTOM rOJ(Y TOJIbKO 36% 3aKa30B Ha aBHaU I1 O HII YIO
npOAYKQl11O BbInOJIII.HJlH pOCCl-H1CKl1e npOMbIlllJleIIHI1KI1.
B nYTH CJIeJ(OBaHH.H H3 ApXaHreJIbCKa B MOCKBY 3aCTp.HJIH
143 .Hll{I1Ka C <ppaHUY3cKMMI1 11 aHrJIHMCKI1MH CaMOJICTaMH H
182 .Hll.{I1Ka C <ppanUY3CKI1MI1, aHfJII1MCKI1MI1 11 HTaJIb.HHCKI1MI1
aBI1a.l{BHraTeJI.HMI1. OHI1 TaK H He J(OllIJII1 ,l{0 <ppOHTa. TaKa.H Me,l{-
JII1TCJIbHOCTb B ,l{OCTaBKC na <ppOIlT ,l{a;KC CBoeBpelVICUHO 3aKyn-
510
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80U1lbl
JIeHHOH TeXHMKM HeM3MeHHO npMBO)];MJIa K TOMY, \lTO POCCMH-
CKMe JIeT\lMKM nOCTO HHO JIeTaJIM Ha Y)I(e YCTapeBIlIMX 06paa-
uax, a nopoH M CH TbIX K 3TOMY BpeMeHM C BoopY)I(eHM .
TeM He MeHee, M3 cnMCKa CaMOJIeTOB, MMeIOIIU1XC B ueHT-
paJIbHOM aBMaUMOHHOM CKJIa.l{e B MocKBe BM)];HO, \lTO B ceH-
T 6pe 1917 r. Ha CKJIa,n:e HaxO)];MJIOCb 70 HbIOnop B-23» C BM-
raTeJI MM POH» MOrnHOCTbIO 110 JI. C., 23 HbIOnopa-17 ,
4 CnA,l.{a» C )];BMraTeJI MM «l1cnaHo-CIOM3a» MOIl1HOCTbIO
140 JI. C., 12 <DapMaHoB-40 , 15 KO pOHOB H )];PyrMe caMO-
JIeTbI. 3 ecb )l(e XpaHMJIMCb 72 aHrJIMHCKHe MallIMHbI, B lIMCJIe
KOTOpbIX 6bIJIM COrrBM\lM» M BMKKepcbI», a TaK)I(e COTHM co-
BpeMeUHbIX MOTOpOB.
B ceHT 6pe 6bIJI H3)];aH npHKa3 IlITa6a BepXOBHoro rJIaBHO-
KOMaH OBaHM 0 e TeJIbHOCTM aBHaUMM, B KOTOpOM nO)];BO H-
JIMCb MTorM 3a MCTeKllIMe BeCHY M JIeTO. npHKa3 OTMe\laJI MC-
KJIIOqMTeJIbHO 06JIeCTHOe M CaMOOTBep:>KeHHOe OTHOllIeHHe K
l1.eJIY Bcero M\lHOrO COCTaBa 60eBbIx aBMaUMOHHbIX lIacTeM...
110Hec rrOTepM 60JIee 3HaqMTeJIbHbIe, lIeM npOllHe po a BOMCK,
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CTHra51 BO MHorMX MecTax npeBOCXO CTBa B B03 yxe M rrpMKO-
BbIBaH K HallIeMY cppOHTY 3Ha\lMTeJIbHbIe ero B03 YllIHbIe CMJIbI .
3a Ba nOCJIe HMX Mec ua aBMallaCTM IOro-3ana Horo
<ppoHTa COBepllIHJIH 3983 CaMOJIeTO-BbIJIeTa 06rneii npOl{OJIJKI1-
TeJIbHOCTbIO 5928 1.JaCOB, rrpOBeJIH OKOJIO 200 B03 YllIHbIX 60eB,
C6MB 23 CaMOJIeTa npOTMBHMKa (5 CaMOJIeTOB C6MJIa apTMJIJIe-
pH ). Bpa:>KeCKMe CaMOJIeTbI npM BCTpelle C PYCCKHMM CTapa-
JIMCb M36eraTb 60 , nOTOMY \lTO HMKTO KpOMe PYCCKI1X He aTa-
KOBaJI B JI06. PyccKMe JIeTlIMKM-McTpe6MTeJIH eHCTBOBaJIM He
TOJIbKO B COCTaBe 3BeHbCB H3 2-3 CaMOJIeTOB, HO M B O HHOllKY,
CMeJIO BB 3bIBaJIMCb B rpynnoBbIe H O MHOllHbIe 60M.
O.l{HaKO HeCMOTp Ha Bce 3TM onTMMMCTMlIeCKHe CBO KM M
naCTOHlIl1BbIe Tpe60BaHM KOMaH OBaHH , 06cTaHoBKa B aBMa-
lIaCT X POCCMH 6bIJIa Y)I(e He CTOJIb 60eBOH KaK rrpe)l( e.
113 UHpKYJI pa nOJIKOBHMKa TKalleBa, pa30CJIaHHOrO (30)
aBrycTa 1917 r. MHcneKTopaM aBMaUMH apMHH M KOMaH.l{MpaM
aBMaUHOHHbIX HBM3MOHOB BM no, liTO CJIYlIaM rpy60ro Hapy-
llleHM BOMHCKOH MCUMnJIMHbI cpe M JIeTlIMKOB CTaJIl1 06bI-
1917 lOa
511
)];eHHbIM RBJIeHl1eM. nO I1MeIOIl.{I1MCR Y MeH.SI CBe,lI.eHI1.S1M, JIeT-
qMKM O,lI.HOrO M3 aBMaOTp.Sl)];OB, COBepWasl nepeJIeT M3 O)];HOrO
MeCTa CTORHKI1 B ,lI.pyroe, OnYCTMJIMCb B nOnYTHOM 60JIbIJIOM
rOpO,lI.e, B KOTOpOM no)]; npe)];JIOrOM peMOHTa CaMOJIeTOB npo-
6bIJII1 QeJIYIO He,lI.eJIIO, a O,ltMI-I M3 JIeTtlI1KOB n03BOJIHJI ce6e B3j{Tb
Ha CaMOJIeT 3HaKOMYIO :>KeHIl.{MHY .
TeM He MeHee pYCCKoe KOMaH,lI.OBaHMe Bee eIl.{e nbITaJlOCb
YJIyqWMTb COCTO.SlHHe CBOMX BBC.
B HatlaJIe CeHT.SI6p.Sl BepXOBHbIH rJIaBHOKOMalI,lI.YIOIl.{HM Ha-
npaBMJI B neTporpan: TeJIerpaMMY Ha J.-IM.SI BoeHHoro MI1HMCTpa
o He06xo)];MMOCTM CnellIl-IO nOnOJIHHTb aBMaOTpR)];bI Ca IOJICTa-
MI1, «KOMX HeKOMnJIeKT OKOJIO 50% oco6eHHo pa3Be,lI.bIBaTe)Ib-
Horo THna , a TaK:>Ke o6ecnellMTb npl1CbIJIKY M3-3a rpaHI1QbI He
MeHee 1000 CaMOJIeTOB C MOTOpaMI1 M 3anaCHbIMI11.JaCT.SIMH: .
HaqaJIbHI1K aBMaQMOHHoro OT,lleJIa YBB<D nO)];nOJIKOBHI1K
CeJII1BaHOB )];aJI )];OnOJIHMTeJIbHO YKa3aHMe: «Bce aapOnJIaHbI,
KpOMe I1cTpe611TeJIeH, ,lI.OJIjf(HbI 6bITb npl1cnOC06JIeHbI K YCTa-
HOBKe Ha HI1X cTaHUHH 6eCnpOBOJIOlJHOrO TeJIerpa<pa .
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poneUCKO.M meampe 60eBblx )];eHCTBMH. 3.l(ecb npO)];OJI:>KaJIO pa3-
BHBaTbCR npOTMBOCTO.SlHHe repManCKI1X, aHrJII1MCKl1X M <ppan-
UY3CKMX aBHanpOMbIllIJIeHHI1KOB.
OTBeToM Ha ycnex COI03HHKOB, KOTOpblH npMHec HM Con-
BHlI KaMeJI , CTaJI HOBbIM CaMOJIeT KOHCTpYKTopa 3UTOHH
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liMe HeMeUKHe aCbI. MaH<ppeJ( <pon PHxTro<pen O)];HMM 113 nep-
BbIX nepeceJI C «AJIb6aTpOca B HOBblH <POKKep , cpa3Y, KaK
TOJIbKO faIllI1Ha npM6bIJIa Ha <PPOHT.
B YMeJIbIX PYKax ona TBOpl1JIa qy)];eca. ,l.{Ba)];uaTMJICTIIHH
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qep B OTCJIe EpI1CTOJIb , YCTpoeHlIbIM no nOBO,n:y ycnexa CBO-
ero .n:eTI1Il.{a.
PH)KCKAH OnEPA HH fEPMAHCKHX BoRcK
HacTynJIeIIHe repMaHCKHX BOllCK B PU)KCKoti onepaUYIH
OCYlI.{eCTBJHIJIOCb Ha OCHone nOJIO:>KeHI1H, 0606Il.{anllIHX nocJlc,lI.-
512
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,D:BI1HY M rrOBeJIM 60M 3a OBJIaneHMe PYCCKMMM n03MUM MI1.
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JIHCb BnepeL(. PYCCKMe coe.n:MHeHM OKa3bIBaJIH yrropHoe corrpo-
THBJIeHMe 11 HeOL(HOKpaTHO nepeXOL(MJIM B KOHTpaTaKM. B rrep-
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KOTOpa.H, Be.n: C rrOMOlI.{blO npOJKeKTOpOB L(OCTaTOqHO TOqHhIH
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JIeHH PyccKMe BOHcKa no L(HpeKTHBe KOpHMJIOBa OCTaBI1JIH
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BMJII1Cb 6 ceHT 6p5l. repMaHcKa 8- apMM B5I1I0 npeCJIeL(OBa-
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· B 4 lJaca YTpa lIa'-laJIaCb CTpcJlb6a XHMH'-ICCKHMH Cllap IJ aMH, n 6 '-IaCOB
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1917 lOa
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ce6 TOJIhKO C CaMOJIeTaMM, 06JIa.n:aIOIl!I1MH nOTOJIKOM CBbIllle
6000 M MJIH npM YCJIOBHl1nOJIHOrO nepexo.n:a K HOllHbIM .n:eH-
CTBM M .
5 ceumR6pR - C1>paHQY3cKHM JIeTlIMKOM c6porneHa o.n:Ha
60M6a Ha CTaHQMIO B THOHBMJIe.
10 ceumR6pR - lHMHeMep BeJI 60H Ha BbICOTe 5700 M.
llYJIR, nOnaBIIIaJI B ero MOTOp, nepe6MJIa B03.n:YIIIHYIO nOMny,
MOTOp 3allMXaJI, BHHT OCTaHOBMJICR. O.n:HaKO <ppaHUY3CKOMY acy
y.n:aJIOCh CnJIaHMpOBaTh Ha CBOW n03HUHH.
11 CeUmR6pR - rHHHeMep oTnpaBHJIC B naTpYJIHpOBaHMe
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MeCTHblM AJIb6aTpOCOM». Ho Ha 3TOT pa3 y.n:alla OTBepHYJIaCb
OT BeJIHKOrO <PpaHUY3cKoro JIeTlIMKa. OH 6bIJI C6MT M norM6
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BMcceMaH, KOTOpbIH BCKope norH6, COHJJ:RCb B noe.n:MHKe C
C1>OHKOM.
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TOJIbKO O,ltHOMY lIeJIOBeKY - <ppaHUY3Y rHHHeMepy, H Y.n:eT no-
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OT TaKTMtJeCKOH no6e,nbI B noe,nI1HKe 6bIJlO BnOJIHe J{OCTaTOq-
HO. Ero CaMOJIeT npOJIeTeJI BnJIOTHYIO C MaUIHHOH repMaHCKO-
ro aca, fHHHeMep YJIbI6HYJIC.H, nOMaXaJI PYKO:t'I M, nOKaqan Ha
npOIUaHl1e KpbIJIbRMH, OTBaJIMJI B CTOPOHY.
Y.l{eT: «51 B3JIeTaIO paHO YTPOM, TaK, \IT06bI COJIHQe CBeTM-
110 MHe B cnHHY KOr.l{a R 6y,ny 3axO,nMTb B aTaKY Ha B03JtYlliHbIH
IIIap. 51 JIetJY BbIllie, tJeM 06blqHO. AJIbTMMeTp nOKa3bIBaeT
5000 M. B03,nyx np03patJHbIM M XOJIO,nHbIH. Ml1p no,no MHOH Ka-
)KeTCR rMraHTCKHM aKBapI1YMOM. Hat( JIMepBaJIeM, rJte norl16
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npOKJIa,nbIBaeT ce6e nYTb B B03,nyxe KaK MaJIeHbKaR BO.l{OMep-
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,n;eJIaeM JIeBbIH nOBopoT 11 HaqMHaeM KPY)KI1TbCjJ. CHM3Y, Ha-
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iKeT CTpeJIRTb TOJIbKO npRMo Bnepe,n;. Ero XBOCT 6e33aIUI1TeH.
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1917 zoo
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rHHHeMepl ,l1a, TOJIbKO OH OJ{HH JIeTaeT TaK Ha BCeM HarneM
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onaCHhle XHIl{HHKH, BHe3anHO Hanan;aeT OT COJIHQa, B ceKYHJ{bl
c6HBaeT CBoero onnOHeHTa H HCqe3aeT. TaK OH C6HJI IIYQa. 51
3HalO, 3TO 6YJ{eT noeJ{HHOK, rJ{e Y *H3HH H CMepTH O Ha QeHa.
51 J{eJIalO nOJIynerJIIO, 1.IT06bl 3aHTH Ha Hero CBepx OH T)'T )Ke
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naTpOHHHK HHKaK He OqHCTHTb. Ha MrHOBeHHe R ,n;YMalO 0 TOM,
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OH npoxoJ{HT Han;O MHOM. Ha ceKYHJ{Y R 6pocalO llTypBaJI H
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516
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C.H B CTpOM nOCJIe ,n:BYXMeC.HqHOrO OTCYTCTBH.H B pe3Y JIbTaTe pa-
neHI1.S1 B JIeBYIO PYKY B 6010 C TpMrrJIaHaMH RNAS BOCTotJHee
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nOJIyqHJI HOBbIH «<DoKKep Dr 1 , o,n:HaKO He CMor YJKe ,n:06a-
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npOH3Bo,n:HTbC.H aTaKa repMaHCKMX npHB.H3HbIX aapOCTaTOB.
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1917 lOa
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JIH CaMOJIeTbI npOTHBHHKa CO CTOpOHbI COJIHua. BOJlb<t> 6bIJI TaK-
JKe 6JIeCT I.UHM CTpeJIKOM. OJI:HaKO 3TOT 60H OKa3aJIC OlleHb
T JKeJIbIM. 51 JIeTeJI CJIell.OM, B TO BpCMH KaK Y MeH CO cnHHbI
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BOT nOqeMY Bcer,n;a Ha,n;o ,n;ep)KaTbCH BbIllie caMoro BbICO-
Koro M3 CaMOJIeTOB npOTHBHHKa H aTaKOBaTb ero, TOJIbKO IIH-
KMPYH C3a.D;M MJIH cnepe,n;H, HO HHKor,n;a He C6aBJI.H.H ra3a, qT06bI
3anac MOm;HOCTM M CKOpOCTM n03BOJI.HJI c,n:eJIaTb CBe1.JY, ,n;aIO-
m;ylO npeHMym;ecTBo B BbICOTe. ATaKa M cTpeJIb6a B JI06... TPytt-
Ha M Tpe6yeT 60JIblIIOrO HCKyccTBa .
TIpaBMJIa MaHeBpMpOBaHH.H naTPYJIeH npe,n;nOJIaraJIH TaK-
lKe c60p Ha BepTMKaJIH Han: KaKMM-HH6y,n:b 3apaHee oroBopeH-
HbIM 6JIH)KaHllIHM nYHKToM. Ha,n; Ha3Hat.JeHHbIM MeCTOM c60pa
CaMOJIeTbI CTaHOBI1JIHCb B Kpyr HaJIeBO M nOBOpalIMBaJIlI K
CPpOHTY. JIeTeTb B rpynne npe,n;nHcbIBaJIOCb C MOTOpOM, pa60-
TalOI.ltMM Ha 200 060pOTOB MeHbme nOJIHOH MOm;HOCTH.
ECJIM iKe npoTHBHHKa paHblIIe 3aMeqaJI Be,n;OMbIH, TO OB HH
B KoeM CJIyqae He ,aOJIlKeH 6bIJI caM BCTynaTb B 60H MJIH BbIXO-
t{HTb 113 CTpO.H, HO, CHH3HBllIMCb Ha BbICOTY Be,n;ym;ero, npe,n;yn-
pe,n;MTb ero, nOKat.JHBaH KpbIJIb.HMH.
524
A8Ua UJl BellUKOU 80U1tbl
PHXTrocpeH: B B03.ltymHoM 6010 rJIaBHOe 3aKJIlOtJaeTC}I
BOBce He B YMeHHH BJIatteTb BceB03MO)KHbIMH TpIOKaMH, a
TOJIbKO B JIHtJHbIX cnOC06HOCT.HX H 3HeprHH JIeTtJHKa. OH,
KOHetJHO, .ltOJI)KeH 3HaTb, KaK KPYTHTb Bce 3TH neTJIH, HO 3TO
YMeHHe erne HHKOHM 06pa30M He rapaHTHpyeT eMY C6HTbIX
aapOnJIaHOB Bpara. 51 CtJHTalO, Bce 3aKJIlOtJaeTC}I HMeHHO B
arpeCCHBHOM .ltyxe, a .ltyx 3TOT CHJIbHee Bcero HMeHHO y Hac,
HeM[(eB. 11 nOTOMY MbI BCer.lta HMeeM npeBOCXO.ltCTBO B B03-
.ltyxe.
Y cppaHUY30B xapaKTep HHOM. OHH JII06}1T YCTpaHBaTb JIO-
BYIIIKH H aTaKOBaTb Bpara HCnO.ltTHIIIKa. 3TO B B03.ltyxe, pa3Y-
MeeTC}I, .lteJIaTb TPY.ll:HO, JIOB.HTC}I Ha TaKYIO Y.ltOtIKY TOJIbKO HO-
BHtIKH - Be.ltb a3pOnJIaH B B03.ltyxe He Cnp5ltJellib. HeBH.ltHMbIX
a3pOnJIaHOB .lt0 CHX nop He npl1.ltYMaJlH. 1-Io nopoH, raJIJIbCKa}l
KpOBb, eCTeCTBeHHO, Bce paBHo np05lBJI.HeT ce6}1, H cppaH[(Y3bI
.HpOCTHO aTaKYIoT. YBbI, 60eBoM .lI:Yx cppaH[(Y30B - Bcero JIHIIIb
JIHMOHM, B HeM HeT KpenOCTH.
AHrJIHqaHe )Ke, Ha060pOT, KaK 3aMeTHJI KTO-TO, Bce-TaKH
6JIH)Ke HaM no KpOBH. OHH cnopTCMeHbI no npHpO.lte, H B nOJIe-
Tax TO)Ke BH.lt5lT JIHIIIb cnopT. OHI1 nOJIyqalOT HaCJIa)K.lteHHe OT
H.lteaJIbHO BbInOJIHeHHOH neTJIH, nepeBopOTOB Ha Cl1HUY H BbI-
nOJIHeHH5I npOt.JHX TplOKOB Ha PMOCTb Ha6JIIO.ltalOI.l{HX H3 OKO-
nOB COJI.ltaT. Bce 3TH ynpa)KHeHH.H MOryr npOH3BeCTH BneqaT-
JIeHHe Ha ny6JIHKY CTa.ltHOHOB, HO Ha BOMHe, K CtJaCTbIO, [(eHHTb-
C5I COBceM .ltpyroe. BOHHa Tpe6yeT BbICOtJaMmeH nO.ltrOTOBKH, a
He Kyp6eTOB B B03.ltyxe. 11 nOTOMY KpOBb aHrJIHMCKHX JIeTtJH-
KOB TaK tJaCTO KanaeT np}lMO C He6a .
3 HOR6pR - IIepBbIe nOTepH Ha EBponeHcKoM cppoHTe no-
HeCJIH 3.MepMKaHCKHe BOHcKa; repMaH[(bI HeO)KH.ltaHHO HanaJIH
Ha HX n03H[(I1H - Tpex tJeJIOBeK y6HJIH, n.HTb paHHJIH H .lI:Be-
HMuaTb 3aXBaTHJIH B nJIeH.
7 HOR6pR - B POCCHH CBepIIIHJIaCb BeJIHKa.H OKT}l6pbCKa.H
COUHaJIHCTHt.JeCKCUI peBOJIIO[(H}I. BCJIe.lt 3a 3THM POCCH5I cpaK-
THt.JecKH BbIIIIJIa H3 BOHHbI.
K 9TOMY BpeMeHH pOCCI1MCKHe BBC Hact.JHTbIBaJIH OKOJIO
2200 C3.MOJIeTOB, H3 KOTOpbIX 1109 t.JHCJIHJIOCb 3a <ppaHUY3cKOM
aBHaUHeH Ii aBHaIIIKOJIaMH, 240 - B MOpCKOH aBHa[(HH, OKOJIO
1917 lOa
525
800 - B peMOHTe H pe3epne H 3S - B 3BK. POCCHHCKHe BBC
3aHHMa.n:H, nO-npe)KHeMY, 4-e MeCTO B MHpe, HO JIHJ{HpOBaJIH B
npHMeHeHHH T.H)KeJIOM 60M6ap.n;HpOBOQHOH aBHaUH H B rH,lt-
pOaBHaUHH.
B OpraHH3aI.U'IOHHOM OTHOllIeHHH pOCCHHCKHe BBC HMe-
JIH QeTKYIO CTPYKTYPY, 6a3HCHbIM 3BeHOM KOTOpOH .HBJI.HJIC.H
aBHaOTp.H,lt. ABHaOTp.H,ltbI nO,ltpa3,lteJI.HJIHCb Ha KOpnYCHbIe, ap-
MeMCKHe H HCTpe6HTeJIbHbIe, a B MOpCKOM aBHaUHH - Ha Kopa-
6eJIbHbIe (pa3Me eHHbIe Ha aBHaTpaHcnopTax) H 6eperOBbIe.
ECJIH BHatIa.n:e B aBHaOTp.HJJ:ax no IIlTaTY HMeJIOCb no 6-8 aapo-
nJIaHOB, TO K "MOMeHTY BbIXO,lta POCCHH H3 BOMHbI - no 8-10*.
TIOJJ:tIHH.HJIHCb OHH IIlTa6aM cooTBeTcTBYIOIltHX KopnycoB ap-
MHM H JJ:pyrHx 06'beJJ:HHeHHM, a B nJIaHe TeXHHlIeCKOrO H Kau.-
pOBoro 06eCnelIeHH.H .HBJI.HJIHCb COCTaBHbIMH tIaCT5IMH aBHaUH-
OHHbIX pOT. Bcero K 9TOMY MOMeHTY B pOCCHMCKHX BBC Ha-
CQHThIBaJIOCb 132 aBHaOTp.H,lta (npoTHB 39, HMeBIlIHXC.H K
HatIa.n:y nOMHbI), H3 HHX 91 B cyxonYTHblx BOMcKax, H3 HHX HC-
Tpe6HTeJIbHbIX - 17 (<PPOHTOBbIX - 1 5 H npoTHBOB03,ltYlliHOH
060POHbI ropO,l{OB - 2); pa3Be,ltbIBaTeJIbHbIX - 71 (apMeM-
CKHX - 12, KopnYCHbIX - 56, KpenOCTHbIX - 2 H YtIe6HbIX -
1); KoppeKTHpOBOtIHbIX - 3, a TalOKe 5 - B 3BK H 36 - B MOp-
CKOH aBHaUHH.
MOpCKa.H aBHaUH5I COCTO.HJIa H3 ,ltBYX ,ltHBH3HM: B03.n;YIIlHa.H
JJ:HBH3H.H Ba.n:THHcKoro MOp51 H B03JJ:YIlIHa.H JJ:HBH3H.H IJepHoro
MOp.H. ,l{HBH3H.H COCTO.HJIa H3 JJ:BYX B03.n;YIIlHbIX 6pHrau., HMen-
IlIHX no 2-3 B03.n;YIIlHbIX ,ltHBH3HOHa. B Ka)KJJ:OM B03,ltYIIlHOM
JJ:MBH3HOHe 6bIJIO no 2-3 aBHaOTp5l,lta. 5 aBHaOTp.H,ltOB 6a3Hpo-
BaJIHCb Ha n.HTH TpaHcnopTax (4 - B qepHoM Mope H 1 - B
BaJITHHCKOM). 3a BeCb nepHoJJ: YtIaCTH.H POCCHH B BOMHe Ha
<ppOHT nocTynHJIO 6812 CaMOJIeTOB (B MOPCKYIO aBHaUHIO -
1030), H3 HHX 73% 6bIJIO npOH3Be,l{eHO B POCCHH, B OCHOBHOM
no <ppaHUY3cKHM o6pa3uaM.
HenOCpe,ltCTBeHHo B aBHaOTp5lJJ:ax, ,lteMCTBOBaBIIlHx Ha
cppoHTax, H3 662 JIeTtIHKOB 263 6bIJIH COJIJJ:aTaMH. BMecTe C
B03,ltyxOnJIaBaTeJI.HMH JIHtIHbIH COCTaB B03JJ:YIIlHbIX CHJI ,ltOXO-
· l1JUI cpaBHCIIIHt R STOT MOMCIIT allrJIHHCKHC 3CK3JlpHJlbH lIaCl.fHTbIBaJIH 110
16 CaMOJICTOB, <1>paHUY3cKHc - 110 10-15, IICMCIIKHe - no 9.
526
A8ua UR BeJlUKOU 80UHbl
,n;HJI ,n;o 2000 qeJIOBeK.. 06ll1ee tJHCJlO lIpHBJletJeHHblx B B03-
,n;yrnHbIH <pJIOT BMeCTe C TbIJlOBbIMH pe)K,n;eHHHMH H IIIKOJla-
MH COCTaBJlHJlO Ha STOT MOMeHT B POCCHH 35 TbICHq tJeJlOBeK.
TaKOB 6bIJI COCTaB BBC POCCHH Ha MOMeHT ee <!>aKTHqeC-
Koro Bblxo,n;a H3 aKTHBHbIX yqaCTHHKOB IIepBoH MMpOBOH
BOI1HbI.
C J1eTa 1914 lIO KOHeu 1917 poCCHHCKaH npoMbIIIIJleHHOCTb
npoH3BeJIa 5012 a3pOnJIaHOB H 3aK)'IIJIeHO 3a rpaHHueM 6bIJIO 1800.
Bcero K KOHUY SToro ro,n;a B POCCHH HMeJlOCb 27 lIpe,n;lIpH-
HTHH ( 14 CTpOHJlH CaMOJleTbI, 7 - ,n;BHraTeJlH, 3 - B03,n;YIIIHble
BHHTbI, J1bDKH, lIon aBKH, 2 - MarHeTO, 1 - aBHalIpH60pbI). Ha
3THX lIpe,n;npHHTHHX 6bIJIO 3aHHTO OKOJlO 10 TbIC. pa60qHx. 81 %
<pOH,n;OB HMeJlH H 87% CaMOJleTOB lIpOH3BO,n;HJlH npe,n;npHHTHH
,lJ:YKC, PBB3, AHaTpa, JIe6e,n;eBa, Il{eTHHHHa; Ha HHX 6bIJlO
3aHRTO OKOJIO 8 TbIC5ItJ pa60tJHx.
ECJlH K 1 MaH 1916 r. OTeqeCTBeHHoe CaMOJleTOCTpoeHHe
nOJlytJHJIO OT npe,n;lIpHHTHH POCCHH 461 ,n;BHraTeJlb, HJlH 36%
OT He06xo,n;HMoro KOJlHtJeCTBa, TO K KOHUY 1917 r. pyccKHe 3a-
BO,n;bI nOKpbIJlH TOJlbKO 5% 3aKa30B. OCHOBHbIe OTeqeCTBeHHble
CaMOJIeTOCTpOHTeJIbHbIe 3aBo,n;bI, HMeH 3aKa3bI Ha 2290 caMO-
JIeTOB, nOJlyqHJIH OT BoeHHoro Be,n;OMCTBa K OKTSl6plO 1917 r.
TOJIhKO 525 ,n;BHraTeJIeH. II porpaMMa 6bIJla 06eClIeqeHa TOJlb-
KO Ha 15%. TaKHM 06paaoM, nOqTH 50% nOCTpoeHHbIX B POC-
CHH CaMOJleTOB OCTaBaJlOCb 6e3 JJ:BHraTeJleH.
K KOHUY 3Toro ro,n;a B POCCHH 6bIJIO 12 ,n;eHcTBYIOIl{HX aBHa-
UHOHHbIX IIIKOJI.
KHeBcKYIO IIIKOJlY J1eTqHKOB-Ha6JIIO,n;aTeJleM B 1917 r. lIe-
peBeJlH B EBnaTopHIO.
B 1917 r. 6bIJIa opraHH30BaHa He60JlbllIa5I J1eTH3jI IIIKOJIa B
<I>eo,n;ocHH.
B CeBaCTOnOJIe pa60TaJla BOeHHa5I llIKOJIa MOpCKHX JIeT-
qHKOB, r,n;e o6yqeHHe BeJlOCb Ha rH,n;pocaMOJIeTax fpHrOpOBHqa.
3a ro,n;bI BOMHbI repMaHCKHMH ,n;HpH)Ka6JIHMH Ha POCCHIO
6hIJIO c6porneHo 60 322 Kr 60M6.
HM» cOBeplIlHJlH 3a BpeMH BOHHbI 60Jlee 400 60eBbIx
BbIJleTOB, C 6POCHB OKOJlO 65 T 60M6.
· Bo <I>paIlIlHH, lIallpHMCp, TOJlhKO n 1917 r. 1I0JlrOTODHJIH 5700 JICTl.fHKOD.
1917 zad
527
Bcero H3 150 PYCCKHX JIeTtlHKOB-HcTpe6HTeJIeM 6hIJIO 26
acoB*. 3a rO,ZJ;hI BOMHbI PyccKHe JIeTtlHKH C6HJIH 188 repMaH-
CKHX CaMOJIeTOB.
10 HOR6pR - Cpa)KeHHe y I1npa, J(JIHBIIIeeCg C He60JIbIlIH-
MH nepepbIBaMH C 31 HIOJIg, HH K t{eMY He npHBeJIO, KpOMe 3Ha-
qHTeJIhHbIX nOTeph C 06eHX CTOpOH.
Ha IOro-3an3JJ;HOM <ppOHTe B paMOHe fYCgTHHa npOH30-
IIIeJI B03,ZJ;YIIIHhIH 60H Tpex repMaHCKHX BpaH.neH6yproB C
J(BYMg PYCCKHMH HCTpe6HTeJIgMH 19-ro KopnYCHoro aBHaOT-
p5l.n:a, KOTophIe nHJIOTHpOBanM npanopll1.HK CMMpHOB H YH-
Tep-O<pHuep JIHncKMM. CMHpHOB C6HJI O.n:HH H3 aapOnJIaHOB
npOTMBHHKa, H TOT ynan, 06n.HTh1M nJlaMeHeM, B TbIJIY PYC-
CKI1X BOMCK Y Jl.epeBHH 3eJIeHCUI CJI060,ZJ;a. ,l{Ba .n:Pyrnx BpaH-
.n:eH6ypra. nOnhITaJIMCb YHTM. JIHncKHM B npeCJIe.n:OBaHI1H
C6HJI O,ZJ;Horo H3 HHX, H TOT yna.n: Ha npOBOJIOtIHhIe 3arpa)K.n:e-
HUg Y ,ZJ;epeBHH 3eJIeHa. TpeTHM repMaHCKHM CaMOJIeT COBep-
IIIHJI BbIHY:>KJ(eHHYIO nOCCl.l!KY B CBoeM ThIJIY y.n:epeBHH Kpy-
)KHBeHKa.
ODEPAnHH Y KAMBP3
Ha 3anaiJuoe8poneUCKOM meampe BoeHHhIX .neMCTBHH Ha-
tIanaCh HaH60JIee KpynHasI HaCTynaTeJIbHCUI onepaUHg aHrJIH-
qaH aToro ro.n:a y KaM6pa. Il.eJIb onepaUHH - OCYIl1eCTBMTb
npopbIB n03HUHOHHoro <ppOHTa, BnepBble HCnOJIb3Y.H HOBoe
opY:>KHe - TaHKH.
TaKHM 06pa30M, onepaUM.H y KaM6pa gBJIgeTC.H O.n:HOM H3
caMhIX HHTepecHhIx onepaUHH llepBoM MHpOBOH BOMHhI. OHa
BOIlIJIa B BoeHHYIO HCTOpMIO KaK TpHYM<P TaHKoB , gBHBIlIHCb
nepBhIM onbITOM MX MacCHpoBaHHoro npHMeHeHHg.
fepMaHCKaJI 060pOHa COCTO.HJIa H3 Tpex n03HUHH. Bnepe.n:M
rJIaBHOH n03HQHM HaxoJ(HJIaCb n03HUI1.H oxpaHeHIDI, npHKphI-
TaH npO\lHOM ceTbIO npOBOJIO\lHOrO 3arpCOK.n:eHMg. Me:>K.n:yaToM
n03HUl1eH H fJIaBHOH Ha npeJtIIOJIbe, rJIy6HHoM OKOJIO 1000 M,
6bIJIH pacnOJIO)KeHbI MHOrOllHCJIeHHhIe rHe3.n:a conpOTHBJleHM.H,
onYTaHHbIe npOBOJIOKOH. 3a nepBoH TpaHIlleeM rJIaBHOM n0311-
· B PaCCUM aCOM C"IH,.aJICJI JIC,.\fHK, C6HBIIIHH IIC MCIICC 5 CaMOJICTOn IIpa-
TI1BIIHKa.
528
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80Ullbl
QMM llIMpMHOH CBblIIIe 3 M, MMeBllIeM nepeJ( C060H TaK)Ke npo-
BOJIOqHble 3arpIDK.n:eHMH M OT JIHqHO YCTpoeHHble 060pOHMTeJIb-
Hble coopY)KeHMH, Ha paCCTOHHHH 200-300 M pacnOJIaraJIaCb
BTOpaH TpaHIIIeH, 060py.n:oBaHHaH no.n:06HblM )Ke 06pa30M. B
,aBYX KMJIOMeTpax OT fJIaBHOM n03MUMM Haxo,aHJIaCb BTOpcm no-
3HUMH, TaK)Ke COCTOHBllIaH M3 .n:BYX JIMHMM TpaHllIeM, 3a BTO-
pOM n03MQMeM paCnOJIafaJIaCb TpeTbH.
20 HOR6pR - B 6 qac. 10 MMH. (3a 1 qac 20 MHH. .n:o Bocxo,aa
COJIHua) TaHKH, pa3BepHyrble n033.,l(H aHfJIHMcKMX OKonOB, .n:BH-
HYJIHCb B aTaKY, 3a HMMM no OT.n:eJIeHMHM, PHJ(aMM, CJIe.n:OBaJIa
neXOTa.
B 6 qac. 20 MHH. OTKpblJIa OfOHb apTIDIJIepMH, cOnpOBO)K-
.n:a5I TaHKH M nexoTY orneBblM BaJIOM. B3pbIBbI JJ:bIMOBbIX CHa-
P}I.n:OB OKYTaJIM Bnepe.n:H JIe)KaIl(YIO MeCTHOCTb JJ:bIMOBOM 3aBe-
COM. ITepe.n: HaqaJIOM HacTynJIeHHH aHfJIHMCKaH aBHaUMH B Te-
qeHHe nOJIYTopa qaCOB .n:eHcTBOBaJIa no BceM nOJIoce 060POHbl
fepMaHcKHx BOMCK C ueJIblO CKpbITb HanpaBJIeHHe rJIaBHOrO
y.n:apa. 3aTeM, C HaqaJIOM HacTynJIeHHH, Bce YCHJIHH aBHaQHH
6bIJIH cKoHueHTpHpoBaHbl Ha fJIaBHOM HanpaBJIeHHM. IllrypMo-
Bble aTaKH BeJIMCb no apTHJIJIepHH, llITa6aM M pe3epBaM fepMaH-
CKHX BOMCK. I1cTpe6HTeJIbHaH aBHaUHH, npHMeHHB TpeX1>Hpyc-
Hoe 6appa1KHpOBaHMe, He .n:onYCTHJIa fepMaHCKHe CaMOJIeTbl K
nOJIIO 60H. K Haqany onepaUHH aHfJIHqaHe CKOHueHTpHpOBa-
JIH B MeCTe npopblBa 289 CaMOJIeTOB npoTMB 78 fepMaHCKHX;
M3 HHX 158 aHrJIHHCKHX MCTpe6HTeJIeM npoTHBOCTOHJIH12 rep-
MaHCKHM. A6coJIIOTHOe focno.n:CTBO B B03)]yXe HaKaHYHe one-
paUHH H B nepBblM .n:eHb HacTynJIeHHH 06eCrretIHJIO nOJIHblM
ycnex Ha3eMHblX .n:eMcTBHu aHrJIHMCKHX BOUCK.
BOHCKa 3-H aHfJIHMCKOH apMHM B COnpOBO)K.n:eHMH orHe-
BOfO BaJIa M3 1000 OPYJJ:HH H npH nO,lJJ{ep)KKe 378 TaHKOB yc-
nelliHO npOpBaJIH TaKTHqecKYIO 30HY fepMaHcKoH 060POHbl na
yqaCTKe <ppoHTa npOTH)KeHHOCTblO 12 KM, BKJIHHHBIlIHCb B pac-
nOJIOJKeHHe npOTHBHHKa Ha 8-10 KM.
ITepBaH BOJIHa TaHKOB rrpOIliJIa qepe3 rrpOBOJIOqHble 3af-
pa)K,aeHMH, 3a Hew nOCJIe,aOBana BTopaH. K 16 qaCaM aHfJIMqa-
He npOt{BHHYJIHCb Ha 10 KM, B nOCJIe,aYlollU,II1: ,aeHb ellte Ha He-
CKOJIbKO KI1JIOMeTpOB.
1917zoa
529
22 HOR6pR - fepMaHcKoe KOMaHl{OBaHue rrO,l{T5IHYJIO K
MeCTY rrpopbIBa CBejf(He l{HBH3HH, H Cpajf(eHHe BHOBb nepellIJIO
B 06bJ1UIYIO rr03HQHOHHYIO <POp MY.
TaKHM 06pa30M, aHfJIH"lfaHe CHOBa He CMOfJII1 cepbe3IIO pa3-
BMTb l{OCTHfHYTbIM B rrepBblM J.teHb HacTyrrJIeHH.H ycrrex.
28 HOR6pR - 30 HeMel..{KHX CaMOJIeTOB 60M6HJIO KOJIOHHY
aHrJIHMCKHX TaHKOB Ha KOHTI1HeHTe. 3aB.H3aJIC.H MaccoBbIM B03-
,l(YIIIHbIM 60H, B KOTOpOM 6bIJIO C6HTO 11 HeMeUKHX H 7 aHf-
JIHWCKHX CaMOJIeTOB.
29 HOR6pR - DHJIJIb 0 C03l{aHI1H B AHfJIl111 caMOCTO.HTeJIb-
HOfO MHHI1CTepCTBa aBl1aUHH YTBep)Kl{eH KOpOJIeM reopfoM.
HmaJlbJlllCKUU cjJpollm
K Cepel{HHe HO.H6p.H HTaJIb.HHCKHe BO:HCKa OTOIliJIM 3a
p. IIbHBe. ABcTpo-fepMaHl..{bI yrJIy611JIHCb B HTaJIb.HHCKYIO TCp-
pMTOpHIO 60JIee lIeM Ha 100 KM.
B HO.H6pe- ,l(eKa6pe BOHcKa ueHTpaJIbHbIX l{ep)l(aB HeO,l(HOK-
paTHO rrpel{npHHHMaJIH CHJIbHble aTaKI1 Ha pa3HbiX Y"lfaCTKaX
I1TaJIbHHCKOfo cppoHTa. Ho J.t06HTbC.H 3HalJHTeJIbHbIX pe3YJlb-
TaTOB 60JIee He CMOfJIH.
IT pHKpbIBa.H OTXO,l1 BOHCK COI03HHKOB, ycrreIllHo tJ;CHCTBO-
BaJIH HeKOTopble KaBaJIepHMCKHe lIaCTH. I1TaJIb5lHcKa.H aBl1a-
I..{HH 60M6apJ.tHpOBaJIa HacTyrralOlQYIO rreXOTY H apTMJIJICpvlIO
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eHHbIX npe.anpH TI1M B HeBMe30He 6bIJIO OCTaHOBJIeHO. OHH
B0306HOBHJIH CBOIO .l(e TeJIbHOCTb TOJIbKO Tor.aa, Kor.aa 6bIJIH
COBepIlleHHO npeKparueHbI HaJIeTbI repMaHcKoH aBHaUHI1 Ha
paMoH HaHcH.
HOtIHaH 60M6ap.l(HpOBO"lHaJI aBHaUH 06eHx CTOpOH 3cp-
cpeKTHBHo .l(eMCTBOBaJIa H no a3pO.l(pOMaM. TaK, Hanpl1Mep,
nOCJIe repMaHcKMx 60M6ap.l(HpOBOK, npo.aOJI)KaBIllHXC no.a-
p .l( B TetIeHHe .l(BYX HOtIeM, aHrJIHtIaHe BbIHYJK.n;eHbI 6bIJIH co-
BepIlleHHO nOKHHYTb a3pO.l(pOM B KY.l(KepKe, C KOToporo C11C-
TeMaTl1tIeCKH npOH3BO.l(HJIH HaJIeTbI Ha repMaHcKYIO Bep<pb
nO.l(BO.l(HbIX JIO.aOK. .l{eMcTBH repMaHcKow 60M6ap.aHpOBOtI-
HOW aBHaUHI1 no a3pO.l(pOMaM 6bIJIH oc06eHHO 3cpcpeKTI1BHhI.
TaK, B JIeMe H B OIlle repMallCKHMH JIeTtIHKaMH 6bIJIO YHHll-
TOJKeHO 60 CaMOJIeTOB 3a O.l(HY HOtIb. TaIOKe no HOtIaM COBep-
IllaJIH Hana.n:eHI1 Ha AHrJIHlO H uenneJI11HbI, XOT KOJIl1tIe-
CTBO 3THX Hana.n:euHw 11 CHH3HJIOCb ,no 7 npOTMB 22 B npe.n;bI-
.nyrueM ro.ay.
B CB 3H C 3THM B03HHKJIa He06xo.l(HMOCTb J{eMcTBH HC-
Tpe6HTeJIeH B HOllHbIX YCJIOBH X, H B 3TOT ro.a 60H B B03.n;yxe
CTaJIH npOHCXO.l(HTb lie TOJIbKO .l(HeM. .l{JI 60pb6bI C HOtIHblMH
HaJIeTaMH 6bIJIH no.arOTOBJIeHbI Cneu,HaJIbHbIe tIaCTH HOtIHOW
536
A8UalJ,Wl BeJlUKOU 80U'1lbl
MCTpe6MTeJIhHOH aBMaQMM. HOqHOH B03,ltyrnHhIH 60H B 31)' KaM-
naHHIO CTan ,ltOBOJIhHO qaCThIM jlBJIeHMeM. O,ltHaKO HaH6oJIb-
IIIMe nOTepM repMaHCKHe 60M6ap,ltMpOBInMKM HeCJIM npM no-
Cal{Ke Ha CBOM aapOl{pOM.
B 3TOH BoeHHOH KaMnaHHH HaqanOCh nJIaHl1pOBaHHe l{eH-
CTBI1M He TOJIhKO 60M6apl{HpOBOqHOH aBMaQMM. HaqanM BhI-
l{eJUITbCg aBMaQMOHHhIe pe3epBhI OTl{eJIhHhIX apMMM 11 rpynn
apMI1M. ABHaQMM npel{'bgBJIjlJIMCh KOHKpeTHhIe Tpe60BaHMg,
MMelOIUMe CBoeM QeJIhlO, npe)Kl{e acero, 3aBoeBaHMe rOCno,ltCTBa
B B03l{yxe. ,l1JIg 3Toro MaCCMpOBaHHhIe Hanal{eHl1g Ha B03,ltyrn-
HhIe CMJIhI npOTMBHMKa Ha3HaqanMCh HaKaHYHe nJIaHMpyeMhIx
HacTynJIeHMH. TaIOKe BIDKHOH 33,ltaqeH aBHaQHM 6hIJIa npM3Ha-
Ha BceCTOpOHHgg nOMep)KKa BOHCK Ha nOJIe 6051 BO BpeMjI
npOBel{eHHg 60eBhIx OnepaQMH.
EIUe 60JIhllIe B03pOCJIa pOJIh MCTpe6MTeJIhHOH aBMaUMM. B
B03l{YIlIHbIX 60gx yqaCTBOBanM Ol{HOBpeMeHHO no 20 Ii 60JIee
I1cTpe6MTeJIeH C Ka)Kl{OH CTOpOHhI, 60M npOMCXOl{MJIM Ha BhICO-
Tax L{O 4000 M. HaH60JIee TpeHMpoBaHHhIe JIeTtJHKM CTOpOH
Cpa)l(aJIMCb Ha BhICOTe .n;o 6000 M.
B 3TOM rOl{Y pe3Ko B03pOCJIO npOH3BOL{CTBO CaMOJIeTOB M
l{BMraTeJIeH K HHM. E)KeMeCgqHOe npOM3BOl{CTBO L{BMraTeJIeH
BO <DpaHUMM B COpOK pa3 npeBhIlliano np0L{YKQI1IO PYCCKHX
3aBOL{OB. 3aBOl{bI AHrJIMH nOCTaBMJIM B 1917 r. 11 536 L{BMra-
TeJIeH. B TO)Ke BpeMg repMaHMg nOCTpOMJIa B 1917 r. 19746
CaMOJIeTOB. repMaHHg HMeJIa B CTpOIO He MeHee 1500 60eBhIx
MallIHH TOJIhKO B Haqane 1917 rOl{a.
I1MeHHo B 3TOM rOl{Y nO-HaCTOgll{eMY pa3BepHYJIOCb co-
peBHOBaHHe BoeHIIhIX JIeTtJMKOB 3a nepBeHCTBO B cnHCKe aCOB
BeJIHKOH BOHHhI.
C KOHua 3Toro rOl{a <ppaHQY3cKoe KOMaHl{OBaHHe CTaJIO
IIIHpOKO npMMeHgTh Ha 3anat(HoM <ppoHTe aBMaUMIO l{JIg llITYP-
MOBhIX L{eMCTBMH Ha peIIIaIOIUMX yqaCTKaX <ppoHTa.
Bce 3cp<peKTMBHee HatJMHaeT pa60TaTh M npOTHBOB03l{YIII-
Hag o6opoHa. ,l!JIg 3TMX ueJIeH MCnOJIh3YIOTCg Crreul1aJIbHbIe
3eHI1THhIe OpYl{Mg C npH60paMM ynpaBJIeHMg orHeM H HCTpe-
6HTeJlhHaJI aBMaQMg. n pHMeH5IIOTCg a3pocTaTbI 3arpa)l(L{eHHg,
3eHHTHhIe npO)KCKTOpbI, OcpopMJIgeTC5I cJIY)K6a BHOC.
1917 lOa
537
qTO KaCaeTCR nOJIHTH1JeCKHX HTOrOB, TO 3.neCb pe3YJIbTaTbI
KaMnaHHH 3aKJII01JaJIHCb B CJIe.nYIOllteM.
B 3TOM rot(Y npOH30lliJIO t(Ba rJIaBHbIX C06bITHR - BbIXO.n;
H3 BOHHbI POCC"H M BCTynJIeHHe B BOHHY Ha CTOpOHe AHTaHTbI
COe.nHHeHHbIX llITaTOB AMepHKM. TIpaBna, B 3TOM rOt(y AH-
TaHTa nOJIY1JHJIa JIHIlIb MaTepHaJIhHYIO nOt(t(ep)KKY, J-ICnOJIb30-
BaHHe )KHBOH CHJIbI MOrJIO pa3BepHYTbCR JII1IlIb B CJIet(YIOIl{eM
rot(y.
538
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80Ullbl
1918ro
MHp, KOTOpbm IIHKTO 83 Hac He npHHHMaeT *
BoeHHoe nOJIOiKeHMe Ha Py6eJKe 1917-1918 rr. KaJaJIOCb
6JIarOnpMHTHhIM t(JI.H ueHTpaJIbHbIX t(epJKaB. POCCM.H, HaKOHeu-
TO, 6bIJIa BbIBet(eHa M3 BOHHbI, AMepMKa MOrJIa pa3BepHyrb 3Ha-
1.JMTeJIbHbIe CMJIbI JIMllih K cepet(MHe rot(a. fepMaHM.H C COI03HM-
KaMM 3aHMMaJIM 06IlIMpHbIe TeppMTopMM B POCCMM, PYMbIHMM M
<DpaHUMM, BCIO DeJIbrMIO, Cep6MIO, qepHoropMIO M n01.JTM BCIO
An6aHMIO. I1TaJIb.HHCKa5I apMM.H nOTepneJIa cepbe3Hoe nopaJKe-
HMe npM KanopeITO M 6bIJIa He60ecnoc06Hoit Tenepb nepet( fep-
MaHMeH OCTaJIC.H TOJIbKO Ot(MH - 3anaiJHoe8poneuCKUU meamp.
Ot(HaKO B 3KOHOMM1.JeCKOM OTHOllIeHMM fepMaHMH HaXOt(M-
JIaCb B BeCbMa T.H)KeJIOM nOJIO)KeHMM. IT01.JTM nOJIHOCTblO M30-
JIMpOBaHHa5I OT BHelliHero MMpa OHa nepeJKMBaJIa npOt(OBOJIb-
CTBeHHbIM: KpH3MC. ITpOM3BOt(CTBO CeJIbCKOX03RM:CTBeHHbIX
npOt(YKTOB 3Ha1.JMTeJIbHO YMeHbIlIMJIOCb. ,l{JI.H npOMbIIlIJIeHHO-
CTM He XBaTaJIO CTpaTerM1.JeCKOrO CbIpb.H. HeCMOTpR Ha TO, 1.JTO
B KOHu,e 1917 r. M3 apMMM 6bIJIO B03Bpa eHO 125 TbIC. KBaJIM-
<PMu,MpoBaHHbIx CneUMaJIMCTOB, pa601.JMX PYK He XBaTaJIO.
Et(Ba t(epJKaJIMCb M COlO3HMKM repMaHMM. 3KOHOMMKa AB-
CTpO- BeHrpMM 6bIJIa n01.JTM nOJIHOCTblO t(e30praHM30BaHa. fIJIO-
XO 6bIJIO C npot(OBOJIbCTBMeM B TYPUMM M DOJIrapMM. 4qeTBep-
HOH COlO3 t(epJKaJIC.H et(MHCTBeHHO Hat(e)Kt(OM: Ha n06et(Y rep-
MaHCKoro OpYJKMH (JIIOt(eHt(Opcp). QlIeHb B03pOC M e e Ot(MH
cpaKTOp. BbIXOt( POCCMM M3 BOHHbI YCHJII1JI CTpeMJIeHMe BOIO-
IO HX CTOpOH K MMPY.
3KOHOMMtIeCKOe nOJIOJKeHMe AHrJIHH H <I>paHUMH TaKiKe
6bIJIO THJKeJIbIM. DOJIbllIOH y ep6 npMtIMHHJIa AHrJIMH TOTa.JIb-
HaH nOt(BOt(Ha5I BOHHa. Qt(HaKO BoeHHbIe B03MOJKHOCTM COI03-
HMKOB 3HatIMTeJIbHO npeBocxOt(MJIM repMaHCKMe. AHrJIMHCKa5I
M <ppaHUY3CKa.H aBMarrpOMbIIlIJIeHHOCTb B 3TM t(HM npOM3BOt(M-
JIM eiKeMeCHlIHO OKOJIO 3 TbIC. CaMOJIeTOB, tITO Bt(Boe npeBbIllIa-
JIO repMaHC Koe npOH3Bot(CTBO. CTpaHbI AHTaHTbI pacnOJIara-
· TaKI1MI1 CJIOBaMH 3aKalllJHOaCT cnolo KIIHry BOCI10MI111alll1H () IIcpBoH MI1-
pO 130 11 BOnliC OJlHII 113 3aMClJaTCJlbliCHIIIHX rcpMallCKI1X aeon SpliCT YJlCT.
1918 lOa
539
JIM M HeCpaBHMMbIMM JIIO,nCKMMM pecypcaMM; OHM llIMpOKO MC-
nOJIb30BaJIM KOJIOHMaJIbHble BOMCKa.
O,nHaKO, BbIpa60TKa nJIaHa AHTaHTbI Ha npe,nCTO.HII.{YIO KaM-
naHMIO 3aT.HrMBaJIaCb M3-3a pa3HOrJIaCMM COI03HMKOB, ,na)Ke He-
CMOTp.H Ha TO, tITO B KOHQe 1917 f. OHM C03,naJIM BbICIIIMM BOeH-
HbIM COBeT, B KOTOpbIM BOlliJIM: OT <DpaHQMM - feHepaJi BeMfaH,
OT AHfJIMM - feHepaJI BMJIbCOH, OT ClllA - feHepaJI DJIMCC, OT
I1TaJIMM - reHepaJI Ka.nopHa (c COBeII.{aTeJIbHbIM fOJIOCOM).
I1cxo,n.H M3 CJIOJKMBllIeMC.H cMTyaQMM, AHTaHTa nJIaHMpOBa-
JIa BeCTM B KaMnaHMIO 1918 f. cTpaTerMtIecKYIO 060POHY C TeM,
tIT06bI B 1919 f., nOCJIe cOCpe,nOTOtIeHM.H aMepMKaHCKMX BO:HCK
M HaKOnJIeHM.H 60JIbllIOfO KOJIMtIeCTBa CaMOJIeTOB M TaHKOB,
u
nepeMTM B pellIMTeJIbHOe M OKOHtIaTeJIbHOe HacTynJIellMe npo-
TMB fepMaHMM.
fepMaHCKOe KOMaH,nOBaHMe nOCtIMTaJIO CJIOJKHBlllYIOC.H BO-
eHHYlO 06CTaHOBKY OC06eHHO 6JIafOnpM.HTHOM ,nJI.H CBOMX aK-
TMBHbIX ,neMCTBMM M ,naJKe nJIaHMpOBaJIO CHatIaJIa 6bICTpO CO-
KPYllIMTb MOJIO,nOe COBeTCKOe focy,napCTBO, M TOJIbKO 3aTeM,
nepe6pOCMB CMJIbI Ha 3ana.n, pa3fpOMMTb aHfJIM1:laH M <ppaHQY-
30B eII.{e ,no Toro, KaK AMepMKa cocpe,nOTOtIMT B EBpone cnOM
CMJIbI.
DoeBbIe ,ne:HCTBM.H B B03,nyxe Ha 3anaaHoe8pOneu.CKOA,t me-
ampe BoeHHbIx,neMCTBM:H B 1918 f. BeJIM C 06eMx CTOpOH K ,naJlb-
u
HeMllieMY COBepllIeHCTBOBaHMIO M pa3BMTHIO B03,nYlllHbIX CHJI.
Bo <1>paHUMM M BeJIMK06pMTaHMM npo,nOJIJKaJIM OrratIMBaTbC.H
opraHM3aQMOHHbIe <pOpMbI H Bce 60JIee YTOtIH.HJIMCb OCHOBHbIe
u u
npMHUMnbI Be,neHMjI B03,nYlliHOM BOMHbI.
XapaKTepHbIM ,nJI.H 3TOfO npOQecca 6bIJI OKOHtIaTeJIbHO 060-
3HatIMBllIMMC.H pe3KMM pa3pbIB MeJK,ny TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIMM pa-
60tIMMM H TaKTMtIeCKMMM 60eBbIMM CaMOJIeTaMH C O,nHOH CTO-
pOHbI M onepaTMBHbIMM 60eBbIMM CaMOJIeTaMH - C ,nPyro:H;
npMtIeM, ueHTp T.HJKeCTM nocTpoMKM B03,nYllIHbIX CMJI Bce 60-
JIee CMeII.{aJIC.H B nOJIb3Y onepaTMBHbIX 60eBblx CaMOJIeTOB. BIDK-
HeMllIMM ypOK npOllIe,nllIMX JIeT <ppaHUY3cKoe M 6pMTaHcKoe
BbICllIee KOMaH,nOBaHMe BM,neJIO npeJK,ne Bcero B ueHTpaJIl13a-
UMM M YBeJIMtIeHMM CBOMX MCTpe6MTeJIbHbIX CMJI. Bo <DpaHUMM
C KOHua 1917 f. MMeJIOCb CBbIllie 5 HCTpe6HTeJIbHblX rpynn, K
540
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80U1tbl
<peBpaJIlO 1918 r. MX tJMCJIO B03pOCJIO ,ltO 11, B pe3Y JIbTaTe tIero
6 M3 HMX 6bIJIM 06'be,ltMHeHbI B ,ltBe MCTpe6MTeJIbHbIe 3CKa.n;pbI.
B 3TOM <ppaHI.1Y3cKMe BoeHHble nOCJIe,ltOBaJIM npMMepy fepMa-
HMM. O,ltHaKO <PpaHUY3cKMe MCTpe6MTeJIbHble 3CKa,ztpbI, B OT-
JIMtIMe OT repMaHcKMx, nO,lttIMH.HJIMCb He IlITa6aM apMMH, a OC-
TaBaJIMCb B PYKax fJIaBHOrO PYKOBO,ltCTBa B03,ltYIlIHbIX CMJI.
Hap.H,lty C nOCTpoeHMeM MCTpe6MTeJIbHbIX 3CKa,ztp KOHI.1eHTpM-
pOBaJIMCb B 3CKa,ztpbI M pa3p03HeHHble ,ltHeBHble M HOtIHble rpyn-
rIbI 60M6ap,ltMpOBmMKOB; 3TM 3CKa,ztpbI eme M KOM6MHMpOBa-
JIMCb C HCTpe6MTeJI.HMM.
B MIOJIe, 6JIaro,ltap.H nOCTpoeHMIO BO <DpaHI.1MM e,ltMHOrO
B03,ltYI1lHOrO ,ltMBM3MOHa no,lt KOMaH,ltOBaHMeM reHepaJIa MapM-
BMKTopa ,l{IOBaJI.H, 3TOT npOI.1eCC npMllIeJI K CBoeMY JIOrMtIe-
CKOMY 3aBeprneHHIO. B03,ltYI1lHbIH,ltMBM3MOH HaCtIMTbIBaJI B CO-
BOKynnocTM 788 CaMOJIeTOB M 6bIJI nepBbIM onepaTHBHbIM
06'be,ltMHeHMeM BBC B MMpOBOH MCTOpMM.
Boo6Ille <DpaH[(M.H B 1918 r. naCQMTbIBaJIa 146 pa3Be,lt-
::>cKa,ltpMJIMH, 80 MCTpe6MTeJIbHbIX 3CKa,ztpMJIMH M 32 6oM6ap-
,ltMpOBOtIHbIe.
fepMaHcKMH feHepaJIbHbIH IlITa6, npO,ltOJIJKaBIlIMH Tep.HTb
HHMQMaTMBY B B03,ltyxe, CTpeMMJIC.H YMHO)KMTb CBOM B03,ltYIlI-
Hble CMJIbI, tITo6bI OHM CTaJIM ,lteHCTBeHHbIM MHCTpYMeHTOM
Hana,n:eHM.H M CMOrJIM 3aBoeBaTb rOCnO,ltCTBO B B03,ltyxe. IIpo-
XO,ltMBllIaH ,ltJI.H 3TOM I.1eJIM no,lt Ha3BaHMeM «AMepMKaHCKaH
nporpaMMa» aKI.1M.H npe,ltYCMaTpMBaJIa K 1 MapTa 1918 r. y,ltBO-
MTb MCTpe6HTeJIbHble CMJIbI M C03,ltaTb 17 HOBbIX oT,lteJIeHMM.
,l{JI.H BblnOJIHeHM.H 3TOH nporpaMMbI Tpe6oBaJIOCb e)KeMeC.HtI-
Hoe npOM3BO,ltCTBO 2 TbIC. CaMOJIeTOB; 2,5 TbIC. MOTOpOB; 12
TbIC. T rOpIOtIerO; 1200 T MOTopHoro MaCJIa M 1500 nYJIeMeTOB,
7 TbIC. KBaJIM<pMQMpOBaHHbIx pa60tJMx ,ltOJIJKHO 6bIJIO 6bITb ne-
pe,ltaHO M3 BoeHHoM C<pePbI B aBManpOMbIIlIJIeHHOCTb, a JIeTHbIH
COCTaB YCMJIeH Ha 24 TbIC. tIeJIOBeK. JIIO,lteH,lt0P<P O,lt06pMJI 3TOT
nJIaH, CtIMTaH, tITO B nOCJIe,ltHeM 60JIbllIOM HacrynJIeHMM Ha BceM
<ppoHTe BBC fepMaHMM CbIrpaIOT pelllalOmYIO pOJIb.
Py6e)K 1917-1918 rr. OKOHtIaTeJIbHO TOJIKHY JI repMancKMH
IlITa6 Ha Mo6MJIM3aI.1MIO Bcex CBOMX B03MO)KHOCTeH. AMepM-
KaHCKaH nporpaMMa HaMHoro npeBocxoJJ:MJIa ero CMJIbI. I1H-
1918 lOa
541
cneKQMH JIeTqMKOB M3bICKMBaJIa BCe B03MO)KHOCTM nOKpbITb
HeJ{OCTaTOK CbIpbH M MaTepMaJIOB, J{JIH qerO B JIeTHbIX qaCTHX
6bIJI npOBeJ{eH c60p MeTaJIJIOJIOMa. HeCMOTpH Ha 3TO repMaH-
CKa.R aBMaQMOHHaH npOMbIIIIJIeHHOCTb B nepBOM nOJIOBMHe
1918 r. na.n;aJIa. ECJII1 B cpeJ{HeM B 1917 r. nOCTaBJI5IJIOCb 1600
CaMOJIeTOB e)KeMeCHtIHO, TO B HHBape 1918 r. - 1009, B cpeBpa-
JIe - 890, B MapTe - 1306, B anpeJIe - 1202, B Mae - 930 11 B
MIOHe - 1189. TaKMM 06pa30M AMepMKaHCKaH nporpaMMa
6bIJIa BbInOJIHeHa eJ{Ba HanOJIOBMHY. EIl{e KaTacTpocpMqHee 06-
CTOHJIO J{eJIO C npOM3BOJ{CTBOM aBl1aMOTopOB. B 1917 r. BbInyc-
KaJIOCb e:>KeMeC.HtIHO 1200 MOTOpOB, qTO J{OJI)KHO 6bIJIO, corJIac-
HO AMepMKaHCKOH: nporpaMMe , 6bITb YJ{BoeHo. OJ{HaKo YJ{a-
JIOCb nOJ{H.HTb e)KeMeC5ItIHbIH: BbIl1YCK TOJIbKO J{O 1500 MOTOpOB.
TaK)Ke He MOrJIa 60JIee 06eCneQMBaTbCH CMeHa JIeTHOrO COCTa-
Ba, qTO .RBMJIOCb He TOJIbKO CJIeJ{CTBMeM BbICOKMX nOTepb, liO 11
HeJ{OCTaTOtIHOH: B nOCJIeJ{Hl1e rOJ{bI J{e.HTeJIbHOCTbIO B 06JIaCTH
06pa30BaHMH.
TI03TOMY BepXOBHOMY KOMaHJ{OBaHMIO npl111IJIOCb nepe-
CMOTpeTb nepBOHaqaJIbHYIO nporpaMMY. BbIJIO C03J{aHO 40 HO-
BbIX OTpHJ{OB MCTpe6I1TeJIeH:, HO OHM MMeJIM BMeCTO 16 nJIaHH-
pOBaBIIII1XCH MaIIIHH Ha OTpHJ{ TOJIbKO no 7-8.
qMCJIeHHOCTb BBC He MOrJIa 6bITb 60JIee YCI1JIeHa, n03TO-
MY repMaHCKoe KOMaHJ{OBaHl1e nbITaJIOCb HaH:TM BbIXOJ{ B Ka-
qeCTBeHHOM npeBOCXOJ{CTBe MaJIeHbKMX CaMOJIeTOB llpOTI1B
KOJIMqeCTBa 60JIbIlIMX. TaKI1M 06pa30M, PYKOBOJ{CTBO BBC BI1-
J{eJIO BbIXOJ{, npe)KJ{e Bcero, B TeXHHtIeCKOM pa3BI1TMI1.
Ho M 3J{eCb Bce BblrOJ{bI fepMaHI1I1, KOTopbIe OHa YCTano-
BMJIa B MCTpe6I1TeJIbHOH: aBl1aQI1M eIl{e B HaqaJIe 1917 r., 6bIJII1
nOTep.RHbI. TeXHl1tIeCKOe pa3BI1TI1e HCTpe6MTeJIbHOH: aBl1aQI1M
Y Bcex MMnepMaJIl1CTMqeCKI1X J{ep)KaB CpaBH.HJIOcb. B OTBeT Ha
HOBbIe CaMOJIeTbI Tl1na AJIb6aTpOC 6pl1TanCKa.H aBManpo-
MbIIIIJIeHHOCTb C03J{aJla COnBHq - Tpl1nJIaH, KOTOpbIH: 6JIa-
rOJ{ap.H MaHeBpeHHocTM B B03J{YIliHOM 6010 3HatII1TeJIbHO npe-
BOCXOJ{HJI repMaHCKl1e MCTpe6I1TeJIM. 3aBoJ{ <I>oKKep CTaJI
BbInYCKaTb eIl{e 60JIee YJ{aqHble Tpl1I1JIaHbI, HO AHTaHTa On5lTb
B bI III JI a B n e p eJ{, B bI n Y C T 11 B Y JI Y tI III e H H bI e 611 n JI a H bI T 11 n a
CnAt{ , COnBHq-K3MeJI , «ConBMq-l1eJIbcpI1H 11 «CE-5a .
542
A8Ual4USl BellUKOU 80U1lbl
<I>oKKep Ha OCHOBaHHH 3TOrO pa3pa60TaJI MO,ltH<pHKaQMH
4,l{-VII H 4,l{-VIII , KOTOpbIMH On$lTb BOCCTaHOBHJI paBHO-
BeCHe. ,l!JI$I 60eBbIX B03,ltYIIIHbIX Hana,lteHHM repMaHCKa$l
aBHaHH,ltYCTpH$I pa3BHJIa H3 CaMOJIeTOB THna C oc06bIe caMO-
JIeTbI Tuna CL, npe,ltCTaBJI$lBIIIHe C060M CMeCb HCTpe6HTeJIH H
pa3Be,lt'tfHKa. OHH 6bIJIH 6bIcTpee, qeM pa3Be,ltqHKH, MaHeBpeH-
Hee B B03,ltYIIIHOM 60Pb6e H 3atnHIl(eHHee. CneQHaJIbHO ,ltJI$I
CaMOJIeTOB neXOTbI BO H36e:>KaHHe CJIHIIIKOM 60JIbIIIHX nOTepb
OT CTpeJIb6bI Ha3eMHbIX BOMCK ryro IOHKepc C03.l(aJI ueJIbHO-
u
MeTaJIJlMqeCKHH CaMOJIeT.
Tenepb KJIaCcH<pHKaQH$I CaMOJIeTOB B repMaHMH BbIrJIH,lte-
JIa CJIen;YIOIl(HM 06pa30M:
1) CaMOJIeTbI MH pa3Be,ltKH M Ha6JIIO,lteHHH:
A - ,ltByxMecTHbIM MOHOI1.7IaH 6e3 BoopY:>KeHH$I;
8 - ,ltByxMecTHbIH 6HnJIaH 6e3 BoopY)KeHH$I;
C - ,ltByxMecTHbIM 6HnJIaH C BoopY)KeHHeM;
CL - 06JIeNeHHbIH 6HnJIaH C BoopY)KeHHeM;
I - nexoTHbIM CaMOJIeT, ,ltByxMecTHbIH 6poHHpoBaHHbIM C
BoopY)KeHHeM.
2) CaMOJIeTbI .l(JI$I B03,ltYIliHoro 60$1:
E - O.l(HOMeCTHbIe MOHOI1.7IaHbI C BoopY:>KeHHeM;
D - O.l(HOMeCTHbIe 6HnJIaHbI C BoopY:>KeHHeM;
Dr - O.l(HOMeCTHbIe TIJHnJIaHbI C BoopY)KeHHeM.
3) CaMOJIeT,bI ,lUIH 60M6ap,ltHpOBaHH$I:
G - ,ltBYXMOTopHbIe 6HI1.7IaHbI C BoopY:>KeHHeM;
GL - 06JIeNeHHbIH THn G;
R - Tpex- H 60JIee MOTopHbIe 6HllJIaHbI C BoopY)KeHMeM;
N - ,ltBYXMeCTHbIe HOqHbIe C BoopY)KeHHeM.
OJJ;HaKo B pa3BHTHH 60M6ap.l(l1pOBOqHOM aBMaUHM repMa-
HHH K KOHUY BOHHbI OTCTaJla. repMaHcKHe KOHCTPYKTOPbI "Y)K-
,llaJIHCb B CYIl1eCTBeHHOM COBepIIIeHCTBOBaHHH MOTOpOB, TaK
KaK B .l(OpOrOCTO$lIl1eM rOplOQeM B H30JIHpOBaHHoH repMaHMM
6bIJI He,ltOCTaTOK. C 1918 r. Ha Bce T$I:>KeJIbIe CaMOJIeTbI B fepMa-
liHM YCTaHaBJIHBaJIM TOJIbKO IIIeCTMQMJIMH,ltpOBbIe MOTOpbI B
300 JI. c., MOIl(HOCTb KOTOpbIX MOrJIa 6bITb YBeJIHQena JII1IIIb He..
3HaQHTeJIbHO, B TO BpeM$I KaK B .l(ep)KaBax AHTaHTbI YCTaHaB.
Jn1BaJIMCb 12-TM QHJIHH.l(pOBbIe MOTOpbI MOIl(HOCTblO OT 400 ,ltO
1918 lOa
543
500 JI. C., qTO rapaHTHpOBaJIO HM B 06JIaCTM 60M6apJtMpOBOtl-
HOR aBMaUMM .HBHOe npeMMymecTBO. BpMTaHcKMH HOtJHOH 60M-
6ap,nMpoBJUMK XaH,nJIM-n3H,n)K O/400 CBOMMM npeBOCXO,WI-
JUMMM aBMaTeXHHtJeCKMMH CBOHCTBaMM .HBHO 060rneJI repMaH-
CKMe 06paaQbI.
HHBAPb
fepMaHM.H rOTOBMTCjI K HacTynaTeJIbHbIM ,neRcTBMjIM; 0)1.-
u u u
HOM 1'13 BCUKHeMlllHX CTOpOH 3TOM no,nrOTOBKH repMaHCKoe KO-
MaH.n;OBaHMe CtIMTaeT ,neHCTBMjI CBoeH 60M6ap.n;MpOB04HOH
aBMaUHM.
<DpaHUY3CKoe KOMaH,Z:tOBaHHe CtJMTaeT .n;eHCTBHjI c06CTBen-
HOH 60M6ap.n;HpOB01JHOH aBMaUMH no npOMbIlllJIeHHbIM paH-
OHaM fepMaHMM OJ(HMM M3 Ba)KHeMlllMX cpe,nCTB 060POHbI.
B AHrJIMM npo.n;OJI)KaeTCjI npouecc peopraHM3aUHH HaL{HO-
HaJIbHbIX B03,nYlllHbIX CMJI.
3 RHsapR - B BpHTaHMM C03,Z:taHO M3 B03,nyrnHoro COBeTa
npM npaBHTeJIbCTBe B03,nyrnHoe MMHMCTepCTBO.
4 RH8apR - JIJIOM,n ,ll>l(opt1)K, ,na6hI He ,nonYCTHTb B CTpane
u u
napo,nHbIX BOCCTaHHM, BblcTynMJI C petIblO, B KOTOpOH nOllbI-
TaJICjI .n;OKa3aTb, tlTO COlO3HMKH Be.n;yr BOHHY TOJIbKO B ueJI.HX
CaM03aIl{MTbI .
eHCTBM.H MIIOrOqMCJIeHHbIX repMaHCKMX 60M6ap.n;MpOB-
JUMKOB H pa3Be,ntlMKOB, HanpaBJIeHHble Ha no,nroToBKY HacTyn-
JIeHH.H, BbI3bIBalOT aKTHBHoe rrpoTMBOCTOjIHHe <ppaHUY3cKMX
MCTpe6MTeJIeH.
19 RHsapR - ,l!06aBMB ,nBe n06e,nbI, <DOHK YBeJIHqMJI CBOI1
JIMtlHbIM CqeT ,no 21 CaMOJIeTa npOTMBHHKa.
21 RH8apR - <I>paHUY3cKMM 60M6ap,nMpOBIl(HKOf\.f c6porne-
1I0 5 60M6 B TMOHBMJIe Ha BOCTOqHYIO CTaHQMlO, Ha )KeJIe3HO-
.n;OpO)KHbIe nYTM M na napOB03Hoe ,neno, 2 H3 HMX He pa30pBa-
JIHCb.
24 JlH8apR - C6pollieHo 15 60M6 Ha )KeJIe3HOJ(opO:>KHble
nyrM B TI10HBMJIe, 7 113 HI1X He pa30pBaJIMCb.
28 RH8apR - B EepJIHUe BcnbIXHYJIa KpYIIHajI 3a6acToBKa
C Tpe60B3HHeM, no npMMepy POCCHI1, 3aKJIIOtleHHjI HeMe,nJIeH-
544
ABUa UJl BeJlUKOU BOUllbl
Horo MHpa 6e3 aHHeKCMU M KOHTPM6YI.1MH Ha OCHOBe CaMOOn-
peJ(eJIeHI1R HapOJ(OB. ITpaBMTeJIbCTBO M BOeHHOe PYKOBOJ(CTBO
repMaHMM MCnOJIb30BaJIO BCe CBOM B03MOiKHOCTM, qT06bI He
,ltaTb eM pacnpOCTpaHI1TbC.H.
29 RH8apR - B HOqb 7 CaMOJIeTOB rOTa COBepIIII1JIM Ha-
JIeT Ha JIOH,ltOH 11 C6POCMJIM 12 TOHH 60M6 Ha npe,ltMeCTb.H; 3 He-
MeI.1KMX CaMOJIeTa-rl1raHTa 60M6MJIM BOCTOqHOe n06epeJKbe
AHrJII1M. ITorM6 21 qeJIOBeK.
B 6JIMiKaHIIIHH nepMO,lt 60eBbIx J(eHCTBI1H repMaHcKoe KO-
MaHJ(OBaHMe cepbe3Ho cocpeJ(oTOql1JIOCb Ha 60M6apJ(l1poBKax
cppaHUY3CKOM CTOJII1I.1bI.
113 npMKa3a 0 B03,ltYIllHOM Hana,lteHMM Ha ITapMJK:
1. ITo npHKa3Y BepxoBHoro rJIaBHOKOMaH,llOBaHI1.H ,ltMBM-
3MOHbI 1, 2, 5 M 7 np0I13Bo,lt.HT nOJ( MOMM HaqaJIbCTBOM Hana.n;e-
HI1.H Ha KpenOCTb ITapMJK, B B03Me3,ltMe Henpl1.HTeJIbCKMX Hana-
.ZIeHMM Ha He3amMmeHHble repMaHCKMe ropoJJ:a.
2. ITpMKa3 06 OTnpaBJIeHMM nOCJIeJ(yeT He n03iKe 4-x qaCOB
nOnOJIYJ(HM B OJ(MH M3 J(Heu, 6JIarOnpl1.HTHbIX no noroJ(e...
4. 06IUaH ueJIb: J(JI.H Bcex J(MBI13MOHOB - CeBepHaH qaCTb
llapMiKa, MeiK,lty CeBepHbIM H IOJKHbIM BOK,- aJIaMM M CeHoH, B
oc06eHHocTM iKe cpa6pMKH M BOK3aJIbI.
Oc06ble I.1eJII1. q To6bI HaHeCTM ymep6 HenpM.HTeJIbCKOM
npOMbIIlIJIeHHOCTM, YKa3bIBalOTcR eme oc060 BaiKHbIe I.1eJIH.
TaKaH 60M6ap.l(MpOBKa npoM3BoJ(I1TCR no YKa3aHM.HM KOMaH-
J(MpOB JJ:I1BI13MOHOB MJIM TpeM OTJ(eJIbHbIMM CaMOJIeTaMM, MJIM
J(MBM3MOHOM B nOJIHOM COCTaBe, HO C MCnOJIb30BaHMeM JIMllib
qaCTM Bcex 60M6...
a) M.H 2-ro 6oM6apJ(l1pOBOqHOrO ,ltMBI13MOHa: a3pOnJIaHO-
cTpOMTeJIbHbIM M apTI1JIJIepl1HCKMH 3aBO,ltbI B IOro-3arra,u;HoH qa-
CTM ITapl1)Ka...
b) M.H 7 -ro 60M6apJJ:MpOBOtlHOrO .l(MBM3MOHa: 3aBOJ( B3pbIB-
qaTbIX BeIlJ.eCTB M apTMJIJIepl1MCKMX CHap.HJ(OB...
c) J(JI.H 5-ro 60M6apJ(MpOBOqHOrO J];MBI13MOHa: Ta iKe I.1eJIb,
qTO M ,ltJI.H 2-ro;
d) ,ltJI.H 1-ro 60M6apJJ:l1pOBOQHOrO J(I1BM3MOHa: 3aBo,n:bI CHa-
p.HJJ:OB M I.1eHTpaJIbHaH 3JIeKTpMtleCKaH CTaHI.1M.H B ceBepHoH qa-
CTn llapI1IKa...
1918 lOa
545
8. 3anpem;aeTcj{ c6pacbIBaHHe KaKOM: 6bI TO JiM 6bIJIO JIMTe-
paTypbI l1JIM 3anl1COK, KpOMe BbIJJ:aHHbIX...
10. KpoMe JII-f1IHbIX BOl1HCKI1X KHl1lKeK HMKaKHX JJ:Pyrl1X 6y-
Mar C C060M: He 6paTb. Ha nJIaHaX He JJ:OJIJKHO 6blTb Hl1KaKI1X
nOMeTOK. 06 3aTeJIbHO MMeTb IIpl1 cc6e CneUl1aJIbHble Cnl11.{KI1
(rop Il{l1e Ha BeTPY)...
12. Bce JIeT1.{l1Kl1 ,n:OJIJKHbI 6bITb T01.{HO OCBe,l{OMJIeHbI 0 rro-
JIOJKeHMI1, OCBeIl{eHl1l1 M nYTeBoH Cl1rHaJII13aUl1I1 a3poJJ:poMOB,
nocan:OlIHbIX nYHKToB M MaHKOB B paM:OHaX 7 -M:, 8-H H 2-M: ap-
u
MMl1...
KOMaHJJ:YIO MH KeJIJIep .
30 RH6apR - B HOlIb 31 CaMOJIeT rOTa» OTnpaBHJIC$I Ha
60M6apJJ:l1poBKY I1ap11 JKa; c6pollieno 267 60M6; 259 tIeJIOBeK
nOCTpa.n;aJIO.
31 RH6apR - B H01.{b npeJJ:npHH Ta 60M6apJJ:MpoBKa I1a-
pl1iKa, B KOTOpOH yqacTBOBaJIO 30 CaMOJIeTOB, 11 M3 HHX npo-
JIeTaJlM HaJJ; CaMl1M ropOJJ:OM; QJpaHUY3CKMe 3eHI1Tql1KH l1CTpa-
TMJIM 2836 CHap JJ:OB, 1 HeMeUKl1M: CaMOJIeT 6blJI C6HT OKOJIO
HaCeJIeHHOrO nYHKTa llleJIb.
<I> EBPAJIb
1 tjJe6paJUI - 3aBCpllIMJIOCb HatIaBllIeeCjI eIl{e 30 HBapjl
3aCCl aEHe BbIcllIero BoeHHoro COBCTa AHTaHTbI B BepcaJIe.
rJIaBbI npaBMTeJIbCTB npMH JIM nJIan, npeJJ:JIOiKeI-lHbIH reHepa-
JIOM <!>ollIeM. 06cTaHoBKa BbIHYJK):(aeT Hac B Ha1.{aJIe 1918 r.
OCTaBaTbC B BbIJKl1JJ:aTeJIbHOM nOJIOJKeHI1I1...» - rOBOpl1JI
<D01li. COI03HHKM He paCC1.{MTbIBaJll1 3aKOH1.{l1Tb BOM:HY B 3TOM
rOJJ:Y. JIJIOHJJ: l{)K0PJJ:JK npeJJ:JIaraJI CHaqaJIa BbIBeCTM 113 BOtlHbJ
TYPUMIO. flJIaHHpOBaJlOCb TaKiKe opraHM30BaTb noxoJJ: Ha POC-
CHIO. ITpeJJ:JIOiKeHHe 0 C03JJ:aHWM eJJ:MHoro KOMaHJJ:OBaUWjI Ha
3anaaUOeBpOneUCKOM meampe He IIpOIlIJIO, HO 6bIJI C03JJ:aH nOJJ:
npeJJ:ceJJ:aTeJIbCTBOM reHepaJIa <I>ollIa MCnOJIHI1TCJIbHbII1 KOMI1-
TeT, na KOTOpbIH B03JIaraJIOCb C03JJ:aHMe l1 HCIIOJIb30BaHHC 06-
ll{eC0103HMQeCKOrO pe3epBa.
5ljJe8paJlR - PeHe <I>OHK JJ:aJI JJ:OCTOHHbIM: OTBeT BceM, KTO
06BWH.HJI ero B TOM, qTO OH npeJU10tJHTaeT 6e30naCHbIC nOJICTbJ
19 ABH3l.(1-H1 BeJlHKOH BOHHbl
546
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80U1tbl
Hat( <PpaHUY3CKOM TeppMTOpMeU. 06HaPY)KMB rpynny M3 BOCb-
MM repMaHCKMX CaMOJIeTOB, OH npOHHK Ha 15 MMJIb 3a repMaH-
CKYIO JIHHMIO <ppoHTa, a 3aTeM pa3BepHY JICH, C 60JIbIllOH CKO-
pOCTbIO 3aIlleJI Ha ueJIb C HanpaBJIeHMH, oTKy,n;a npOT IBHJ.-IKU
MeHbille Bcero MOrJIM ero O)KM,naTb, M C6MJI HX Be,nYll1ero.
10 q,e8pamz - TPOUKMM, B03rJIaBJIHBUlHH ,lteJIeraUMIO Co-
BeTcKoM POCCMM, HapYIllMJI perneHMe napTMM M OTKa3aJICH no,n-
nMcaTb npe,nJIOJKeHHble fepMaHMeH YCJIOBMH MMpa.
Bo <I>paHUMM IlleCTb I1cTpe6MTeJIbHbIX rpynn 061>e,ltMHeHbI
B ,nBe MCTpe6MTCJIbHbIe 3CKat(pbI.
<I>paHUY3cKMe JIeTlIMKH BbIHCKHBaIOT HOBbIe nYTM ,ltJIH Ha-
Ka3aHMH repMaHCKMX 60M6ap,nMpoBIUMKOB.
15 q,e8ptlJUl, - BelIepOM H a3po,npOMOM 2-ro repMaH-
CKoro 60M6ap,ltHpOBOQHOrO ,nMBM3MOHa npM 3HKype nOHBHJI-
CH CaMOJIeT M nO,ltaJI CBeTOBOH on03HaBaTeJIbHbIM CMrHaJI ,lt11-
BM3MOHa ,nJIH nOCa,l(KM. BBH,ltY Toro, tJTO B ,ltMBM3MOHe B 3TO
BpeMH npOM3Bo,nMJICH B3JIeT, KOMaH,lta aapO,ltpOMa npMHIDIa ero
3a CBOM CaMOJIeT, CpOlIHO HYJK,nalOll!MMCH B nOCa,ltKe, M OCBe-
TMJIa nOCa,ltOlIHYIO nOJIOC ToTtJac JKe nOCJIe 3Toro <ppaHUY3-
CKMH JIeTlIMK 06CTpeJIHJI Bce BH,ltHMbIe 061>eKTbI M3 nYJIeMeTa
M C6POCMJI 6 60M6. HaXOJJ;MBIlIHHCH OKOJIO noca,nOlIHOM 1I0JIO-
CbI Hat.JaJIbHMK 252-ro aBMaUMOHHoro OTpH,na 6bIJI y6MT Ha
MeCTe OCKOJIKOM, BbICTpeJIaMM M3 nYJIeMeTa 6bIJIO paHeHO
Mlloro MexaHMKOB.
16 tjJe8paJUl - B HOlIb <ppaHUY3cKMH JIeTlIMK npe,ltnpMHHJI
ell!e o,nny nonbITKY BbI3BaTb OCBemeHMe repMaHCKoro a3po,npo-
Ma M c60p KOMaH,ltbI. O,nHaKo, HayqeHHbIe TOJIbKO lITO ropbKMM
onbITOM, HeMUbI Ha 3TOT pa3 He nOJUJ;aJIMCb Ha ero YJIOBKY.
HacrynHJIO neOJKI1JJ;aHHoe O)l(MBJIeHMe Ha BocmO'tl1l0e8pO-
neUCKOAt meampe BoeHHbIX ,nei1cTBMH.
18 q,e8paJUI - fepMaHcKoe KOMaH,ltOBaHMe, BOCnOJIb30BaB-
IllHCb OTKa30M TpoUKoro nO,ltnHCaTb ,ltorOBOp, HapYIlIMJIO nepe-
MMpMe MeJK.ll:Y fepMaHMeH H PoccMeM, M aBCTpo-repMaHCKl1e BOll-
CKa nepeIllJIH B HacrynJIeHMe no BceMY BOCT04HOMY cppOHT)'.
22 tjJe8paJUl - COBeT I-IapOJJ;HbIX KOMMccapoB B POCCI-IM
ony6JII1KOBaJI B033BaHue COUl1aJIHCT llIeCKOe OTeqeCTBO B
onacHocTM!
1918 lOa
547
23 tjJe8paJUI - B POCCMH npOBe.neHa MaCCOBaH M06HJIM3a-
UHR Ha 3aIl(HTY COl{HaJIHCTMlICCKOrO OTeqeCTBa. 3TOT .l(eHb CllH-
TaeTCH JJ;HeM pOiKJJ;eHHH KpacHoH ApMHH.
B STOT iKe JJ;eHb COBeTCKoe npaBHTeJIbCTBO nOJIYlIHJIO YJlb-
TI1MaTYM.
27 rjJe8paJlR - HeMel{KHH 60M6aptlHpOBII!I1K c6pocl1JI
60M6y na Ha6epejl(uylO cDoHTaHKH B fleTporpatle.
AMepHKancKHe JIeTqMKH B nepBbIH nepl1oJJ; CBOHX 60eBbIx
JJ;et1.cTBMH BOeBaJIM TOJIbKO Ha aHrJIMWCKMX M <ppaHl{Y3CKI1X
MalllHHax. nepBbIe 50 aMepHKaHCKHX ocpHuepoB npOIliJIH o6y-
qeHl1e B OKCcpOPJJ:CKOH aBHaU:l1oHHoH IIiKOJIe. KOMaHtlYIOIIJJlf\.1
aMepHKaHCKHMH B03,n:YUIIlbIMH CHJIaMH 6bIJI Ha3Haqen reHepaJi
IIepIllI1Hr.
28 ljJe8paJlR - 113 TeJIerpaMMbI rcnepaJIa flepIlIHura Cc-
naTY: B HaCTO.Hll!ee BpeMH B EBpone BeT clUe HH o,lUloro aspo-
nJIaHa, npoH3Be,neIlHoro B AMepI1Ke .
MAPT
C SToro MecHua HaqMHaeTC.H MaCCOBoe npH6bITHe aMcpn-
KaHCKHX BOWCK BO cDpaHUMIO (no 250-300 TbIC. qeJIOBeK B MC-
C.H u) .
PHKeH6eKep: IIpOIIIJIO TPH IICJJ;eJIM C Toro MOMenTa, KorJ{a
MbI nOSlBHJIMCb Ha aSpOtlpOMe BMJIbHeB, H Bce STO BpeMH noro-
tla 6bIJIa OTBpaTMTeJIbHOW. JIHIIIb neCKOJIbKO aMepHKaHCKMX
nHJIOTOB M3 Halliero COetlHHeHMM CMOrJIM COBepIIIMTb BbIJICTbl.
MapT 1918-ro H306HJIOBaJI CHeJKHbIMM 6YPHMH, npOJIHBHbIMW
JJ;OiKJ].HMH H CMJIbHbIM BeTpOM. !{ TOMY lKe HaIllI1 a3pOnJIaIlbI
BOBce He 6bIJIM JIyqllIHMI1...
HaKOHel{-TO 3aBepIIIHJIHCb aKTHBHbIC 60CBbIC JJ:efICTBM.H na
BocmO'l/,1l0e8ponei1cKO.M 1neampe.
3 Mapma - B EpecT-JIMToBcKe no,n:nHcaH MMpHbIfr tloro-
BOp MeiKtlY repMaHHew M POCCHCW.
IHIItlCH6ypr: I-IecMoTpH Ha 3aKJIIOQeHI1e MHpa, MbI M TC-
nepb, KOHeqHO, He MOrJIM OTBeCTM Bce HalliM 60ecnoc06HbIe
CMJIbI C BOCTOKa... YiKe OtlHO :>KeJIanHe YCTaHOBHTb 6apbep MCIK-
J{Y 60JIbllICBHCTCKHMH BJIaCTHMIf M OCBo60)l(tlCIIHbIMM HaMH
548
A8ua Wl BellUKOU 80U1-lbl
3eMJHIMM HaCTO$lTeJIbHO Tpe60BaJIO OCTaBJIeHH Ha BOCTOKe
CHJIbHbIX HeMeI.1KMX BOeHHbIX lJaCTeM ..
,l{eHMKMH: OceHblO 1918 r. repMaHcKMe Kopnyca, oKKynM-
pOBaBIIIMe ,l{OH M MaJIOpOCCMIO, pa3JIO)KMJIMCb... nOBTopMB ,lt0
M3BecTHoM CTeneHM npOM,lteHHYIO HaMM MCTOpMIO MHTMHrOB,
COBeTOB, KOMMTeTOB, CBep)KeHM O<pMu pcKoro COCTaBa... TOJIb-
KO TOr,lta HeMUbI nOHjIJIM Tpare,l\MIO pyccKoro o<pMuepcTBa .
4 Mapma - BCjI aBMaQHjI IIBO fepMaHMH oprauM30BaHa B
oxpaHHbIe OTpjI,ltbI (Schutzstaffeln), KOTopbIe c06paHbI B TPM
60eBbIe OTpjI,ltHble rpynnbI - 3CKa,n:pbI oxpaHeHMjI. 3TOM qaCTM
B03,ltYUIHbIX CMJI repMaHcKoe PYKOBO,ltCTBO B 1918 r. y,neJIjIJIo
orpOMHoe BHMMaHMe. KOJIMqeCTBO MCTpe6MTeJIeM ,ltOJI)KHO 6bIJIO
6bITb K KOHI.1Y BOMHbI y,ltBOeHO H BMeCTO 3-x C03,ltaHO 10 60eBbIx
3CKa,n:p. B TaKMX OTpjI,ltaX K KIDK,ltOMY pa60lJeMY CaMOJIe1}' npM-
COel.{MHjIJIOCb 2-3 60eBbIx, KOTopbIe ,ltOJI)KHbI 6bIJIH nOCTOjIHHO
,ltep)l(aTbCjI KaK MO)l(HO 6JIM)I(e K cBoeMY no,ltOnelJHOMY M 06ec-
neqHBaTb ero 6e30nacHocTb OT B03,ltYIIIHbIX Hana,n:eHMM.
I1MeHHo B 3TM ,ltHM 6bIJIM C03,ltaHbI B fepMaHMM H CneI.1HaJIb-
HbIe III1}'pMoBble OTp ,ltbI (Schlachtstaffeln). KIDK){bIe 4 llITYP-
MOBbIX OTpjI,lta 06'hetlMH JIMCb B llI1}'pMoBbIe rpynnbI (Schlacht-
staffelgruppe) C 06IUMM KOJIMQeCTBOM B 24 CaMOJIeTa. B oc060
)KapKMe ,ltHM Cpa)l(eHMH B03BpaIUaJICb Ha a3pOtlpOM, OHM e,ltBa
ycneBaJIM CHapjI)KaTb CBOH CaMOJIeTbI, QT06bI CHOBa MJ.(TM B 60H.
Ha I1TaJIbjIHCKOM <ppOHTe B 3TOT nepMO,lt TaK:>Ke aKTMBHO
pa60TaJIa 60M6ap,ltMpOBOlJHM aBMaI.1MjI.
ABCTpHMCKMe CaMOJIeTbI 60M6MJIM BeHeUMIO, I1aJ.(YIO M Tpe-
BM30. TpeTb Hana,n:aBIIIMX CaMOJIeTOB 6bIJIa YHI1QTO:>KeHa.
7 Mapma - B HOlJb repMaHcKMM rMraHT R-VI C6POCMJI Ha
JIOHJ OH 1000-Kr <pyracHYIO 60M6y. B3pbIBOM 6bIJIH 110Bpe)l(-
,lteHbI ,lteCjITKH ,ltOMOB, M3 KOTOpbIX QeTbIpe pa3pYIIIMJIMCb nOJI-
HOCTblO. I1orl16JIo 12 lJeJIOBeK. 3TO 6bIJIa nepBaH M e,ltHHCTBeH-
HM 60M6a TaKoro Beca, c6poIIIeHHa 3a BeCb nepHO,lt IlepBoH
MHpOBOH BOMHbI.
· Ha caMOM JICJIC fCpMaJUUl q>aKTHYCCKH IIpOJlOJI)KaJla BTOp)KCIIHC. fcpMall-
CKHC BOHCKa3aXnaTHJIH <I>HIIJUIIIJlHJO, IIpH6aJITHHCKHC 06JlacTH, YKpaHJlY, .l101l-
CKYIO 06JIaCTb, qCPIiOMOpbC H, 110 COrJlalllCIiHIO C rpyaHlicKHMH MCllbIlICBHKa-
MM, fpY3J.110. 3aXBaT 3aKaBK(L1b}1110MoraJIH OCYlIlCCTBJl}lTb TYPCIU<HC BOHCKa.
1918 lOa
549
8 Mapma - B H01.Ih 60 repMaHCKMX CaMOJIeTOB «rOTa npel[-
npI1HRJIM 60M6apl[MpoBKY <I>paHUMM, 3 M3 HMX 60M6MJIl1 l1a-
pMiK; C6POCMJIl1 60JIee 90 60M6; <ppaHUY3cKMe 3eHHTqMKH MC-
TpaTMJIM 9618 CHap l[OB M C6MJIM O,ltHH CaMOJIeT.
9 Mapma - ABCTpMHUhI pa360M6MJIM MTaJIh HCKYIO MOp-
CKYIO 6aay M BoeHHbIH 3aBO,n: B HeanoJIe.
12 Mapma - B HOl.{h 70 repMaHCKMX CaMOJIeTOB BbIJIeTCJIH
60M6MTb <DpaHl.{MIO, 5 M3 HMX - l1apl1JK; <PpaHUY3cKMe 3eHMT-
qMKM BhInYCTMJIM no HMM 10 538 CHap J{OB, 4 HeMeUKHX caMO-
JIeTa He BepHYJII1Ch C 3Toro 3a,u,aHH , 6Yl[YtJH C6MTbIMI1 B paM-
OHax lllaTo- TheppM, CyaccoHa M JI -<I>epTe- MHOH.
repMaHCKMe uenneJIMHbI OTnpaBMJIMCb 60M6J1Tb JIOHJ1,OH;
ymep6, npHlIMHeHHhIH MMM 6bIJI COBCCM He3HaqHTeJIbHhIM.
15 Mapma - I1poM30111JIa pOKOBaJI ollil16Ka; <PpaHUY3CKI1H
l[MpMiKa6JIb 06HapYiKMJI B KaHaJIe nOl[BOl[HYIO JIOl{KY M, npl1-
H B ee 3a repManCKYIO, ycnelliHo aTaKOBaJI. KaK BnOCJIel[CTBI1I1
BhIRCHMJIOCb, 3Ta e.n;I1HCTBeHHa nOl[BOJJ,HasI JIo.n;Ka, YUHQTO)KeH-
HasI C .n;MpM)Ka6JI 6bIJIa aHrJII1MCKOH.
Y.n;eT: «BecHoH 1918 rOl[a HecnoKoHHo Ha BceM HeMeUKOM
cppoHTe, OT <DJIaHl[pMM M l[0 Bore3. KOHellHO, He TOJIbKO BeCHa
B 3TOM BMHOBaTa. Be3l[e COJIl[aTbI M O<pMUePbI rOBop T 0 HeM3-
6e)KHOM 60JIhlliOM HacTynJIeHI1M. Ho HMKTO He 3HaeT HaBepH -
Ka. 15 MapTa 3CKa.n;pMJIbM npMKa3aHO HeMe.n;JIeHHO c06MpaTbC.H
B nYTb. MeCTO Ha3HaQeHI1 neM3BeCTHO. MbI Bce 3HaeM, l{TO
3TO 03HaQaeT HaQaJIO HacTynJIeHM . MbI CTaBMM HalliM na.71aT-
KM no .n;opore B JIe- KaTO. l1.n;eT JJ,O)Kl[b, KOTOpbIH Mel[JIeHHO
npeBpamaeT Bce - l[epeBh , J{OMa, JIIOl[eH, B 0.n;Ho06pa3HYIO
cepYIO KalliY. 51 y)Ke Hal[eJI CBOIO KO)KanYIO KypTKY M nOMoraIO
MeXaHI1KaM npMKpenJI.HTb KPaH IIaJIaTOK K 3eMJIe. 110l['be3)KaeT
MalliMHa. 110 3TOH .n;opore e3.n;I1T MHoro MaIllI1H, 11 MbI Y)Ke ne-
peCTaJIM 06paruaTb Ha HI1X BHMMaHI1C. MbI npOl[OJI)KaeM pa60-
TaTb B yrploMoH TMlliMHe. KTO-TO TporaeT MeH 3a nJIetJo, 11
6bICTpO 060palll1BaIOcb. PMxTro<pen. l.{Ojl(.n;b nal[aeT eMY na
cpypa)KKY, CTPYMTC no JIMUY.
- llpHBeT, Yl[eT, - rOBOpl1T KanHTaH M npMKacaeTC K KO-
3bIPbKY. - [HMJIM norO,l(Ka cerOJJ,H .
51 MOJItJa OTJ1,alO eMY 1.IeCTb M CMOTplO Ha Hero. CnOKOMHoe
550
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80UHbi
JIMQO, 60JI blII He, XOJIo,n:HbIe rJIa3a, llOJIynpHKpbITbIe T :>KeJIbI-
MM BeKaMM. 3TOT qeJIOBeK YiKe c6I1JI lIIeCTb,n:eC T ceMh CaMOJIe-
TOB, OH JIyqlIII1H H3 Hac Bcex. MalIIHHa CTOHT Ha ,n:opore 3a ero
cnHHOH... )K,n:y.
- CKOJIbKMX TbI CBaJIHJI, Y,n:eT?
- ,l{eBHTHa,n:QaTb llo,n:TBep)K,n:eHHbIX, Ha o,n:Horo e e HeT
CBI1,n:eTeJIbCKI1X nOKa3aHHH, - OTBeqalO .
OH BOpOlIIHT TpOCThlO BJIa)KHYIO JIHCTBY.
- rM, HY, Tor,n:a ,n:Ba.lJ;QaTb...
OH OrJI ,n:bIBaeTC BOKpyr H CMOTpHT Ha MeH HcnbITYIOIQe.
- B TaKOM CJIY1.Iae, Ka)KeTC , TbI C03peJI ,n:JI Hac. XOqellIb C
HaMH JIeTaTh?
XOqy JIM ? KOHeqHO ,n:a! ECJIM 6bI H Mor, TO T)'T )Ke CXBa-
TMJI 6bI CBOH BeIQH H noeXaJI C HHM. B apMMH MHoro XOpOIIlHX
3CKa,n:pHJIHH, H .HlIITa 37 He caMa llJIOXasI H3 HHX. Ho Ha CBeTe
eCTb TOJIhKO o,n:Ha rpynna PHXTrO<peHa.
-l1a, repp pHTMeHCTep, - OTBeqalO , H MbI llO)l(HMaeM ,n:pyr
,n:pyry PYKH.
51 rJI.H)Ky eMY BCJIe,n:, BHiKY KaK ero xy,n:OI.QaBa 11 CTpOHHa
cpMrypa cnYCKaeTC BHH3 no CKJIOHY, 3aJIe3aeT B aBTOM06HJIb It!
HC\Ie3aeT 3a CJIe,n:YIOI.QHM nOBopOTOM, CKpbIThIM ,n:OiK,n:eBOH 3a-
BecoM .
18 Mapma - 18 aHrJIHHCKI1X CaMOJIeTOB-pa3Be,n:\IHKOB Bbl-
JIeTeJIH no,n: npHKpbITHeM 30 HCTpe6HTeJIeH B paHoH JIe-KaTo,
lIO 6hIJIH BCTpe\IeHbl ,n:BYM repMaHCKMMM MCTpe6MTeJIhHblMM
rpynnaMM, HaC\IMTbIBaBllIMMM 60 CaMOJIeTOB, M 6bIJIM BhIHYiK-
,n:eHhI BepHYThc .
fMH,n:en6ypr: MbI OCTaBI1JIM Cna BeqepOM 18 MapTa...
DOJIhlIIMe ,n:O)l(,l1eBble -ryq11 nJIhlJIM no He6 HaM 6bIJIM, B CYII.t-
HOCTM, 6e3pa3JIMqHhl T)'\IM M ,n:OiK,n:h. OHM, llO)KaJIyi1, CKphlBaJIM
nOCJIe,n:Hl1e HalliM npI1rOTOBJIeHM K HaCTyllJIeHMIO. BhlJIM JIM Y
Hac, o,n:HaKO, OCHOBaHM Ha.n.e ThC.H, qTO npOTIlBHMK eI.Qe He 3HaeT
o Hallll1X MeponpM TM X? Bpa)l(eCKaH apTMJIJIepM BpeM OT
BpcMeHM npO BJIHJIa oco6oe O)l(MBJIeHMe. HenpM TeJlhCKl1e JIeT-
ql1KM HOqhlO OThlCKI1BaJIM HalliH BIDKHefuIlMe JII1HI1H nepe,n:BI1-
iKenH M CTpeJIHJIM no HaM H3 nYJIeMeTOB. Ho Bce 3TO eI.Qe He
,n:aBaJIO OTBeTa Ha Bonpoc: MOiKeT JIM y,n:aTbC HaM ClOpnpM3?>')
1918 lOa
551
BECEHHEE HACTYITJIEHUE HEM EB
B nUKAP UU
K TOMY MOMeIITY, KOr.n;a HallaJIaCb nacTynaTeJIbHaH oncpa-
UM.H repMaHCKMX BOM:CK B IIMKap,lU1M, Ha KOHTMHeHTe HaXO,lU1-
JIOCb Y:>Ke OKOJlO 300 TbIC. aMepMKaHcKMx COJI,l1aT. fepMaHHSI )f(e
Bce erue ,l1ep)KaJIa Ha BOCTOqHOM cppoHTe 39 ,l1I1BI13MH, B TOM
qMCJIe M BCIO KaBanepMIO (6oJIee MMJIJIMOHa qeJIOBeK - e,l1Ba JII1
He TpeTb Bcex CBOMX BOM:CK!)
ITpe,n:npMHMMaR HacrynJICHMe B ITMKap,n:HM fepMaHH npe,l1-
nOJIarana HaHeceHMeM pelllMTeJIblIOrO y,l1apa no aHrJIMMCKHM
BOHCKaM Me:>K,n:y AppacoM M JIa-<I>epoM npopBaTb <pPOHT,
paJ'be,l1MHMTb cppaHUY3CKl1e M aHrJII1MCKMe apMMM M OT6pOCI1Tb
aHrJIMqaH K n06epeiKblO JIa-MaHrna.
B ueJI X ,n:OCTMiKeHI1 BHe3anHOCTM nO,l1rOTOBKa K onepa-
UMM BeJlaCb BeCbMa CKpbITHO. llepe,l1BMiKeHM.H COBeprnaJII1Cb
TOJIbKO HOllblO. B nOCJIe,n:HIOIO He,l1eJIIO aKTMBHO ,n:eHCTBOBaJIa
aBMaUI1 , COBeprna.H qaCTble HaneTbI Ha IIapM)K.
20 Mapma - fMH,n:eH6ypr: rrOllTM BeCb ,l1eIlb 6bIJIa rp03a
M JII1J1 ,n:O)l(,l{b. ITepcneKTMBbI lla 21 6bIJIM Heonpe,n:CJIeIlHbIMM,
B03MO:>KeH 6bIJI TYMaH. HeCMOTp.H Ha 3TO, B nOJI,n:eHb 6bIJIO pe-
llIeHO HaqaTb 6MTBY YTPOM CJIe,n:Yloruero .n;H . Ha paccBeTe 21
MapTa CCBepHa.H <I>paHUI1 OT 6epera ,lJ,0 ABelia 6bIJIa B TYMa-
He...
21 Mapma - B 4 qac. 40 MI1H. HaqaJIaCb apTMJIJIepI1HCKa
nO,lJ,rOTOBKa, IIOCJIe KOTOpOM pa3BepHY JIaCb pcrnaIorua HacTY-
naTeJIbHa onepaUH.H repMaHCKMX BOMCK, BOllie,l1111a B BoeH-
HYIO MCTOpI11O no,n: Ha3BaHMeM MapToBcKoe (BeceHHee) Ha-
cTynJIeHMe B TIMKap,l1MI1>.) I1JIM BeJII1KOe Cpa)KeHMe BO <DpaH-
UMM 1918 r.>.) CMJIbHbIH orHeBoH y.n:ap, HaqaTbIH BHe3anHO, 6C3
npe,n:BapMTeJIbHOM npMCTpeJIKM M C MaCCOBbIM npMMeHeHHeM
XMMMqeCKMX CHap.H,n:oB B TelleHMe ,l1BYX qaCOB 06pYllII1BaJIC
nOllTH I1CKJIlOllMTeJIbllO na 6aTapeM aur JII1HCKHX apMI1H.
B 9 lIac. 40 MMH. naqanaCb aTaKa.
[MH,n:eH6ypr: TYMaH He IIpO.HCH.HJIC . B 10 qaCOB yrpa B
nOJIocy TYMana BOrnJla Harna ,l106J1eCTHa.H neXOTa...
HeBI1,n:HMa.H M HeBM,n: rua.H, pa60TaJIa nallia apTHJIJIepl1.H.
55.2
A8ua UR BeJlUKOU 80Ullbl
TOJIbKO ,lt06pOCOBeCTHOCTb M XOpOlIICUI nO,ltrOTOBKa 06eCneQH-
BaJIH ycnex HalIIHX 6aTapeH .
B 11 QaCOB, KOr,lta paCCeRJICR ryMaH, B B03,ltyx nO,ltHRJIHCb 60-
eBbIe CaMOJIeTbI. 3a neXOTOH nOCJIe,ltOBaJIa 3eHI1THM apTI1JIJIepH.H
,ltJIR 3amHTbI OT B03,ltYlIIHoro Hana,l(eHHR H Ha paCCTORHI1H 2-2,5
KM npHBR3HbIe a3pOCTaTbI MR KoppeKTHpoBaHHR apTOrH5I.
K 12 t.JaCOB apMHH Yjf(e HMeJII1 RCHbIe CBeJ1eHI1R 06 061ueM
XOJ1e Cpa)KeHHR.
C 15 t.JacaM PHHYJIHCb BOJIHa 3a BOJIHOH 3CKaJ1pHJIbl1 oxpa-
HeHI1R, YBJIeKaH 3a C060H Ha3eMHbIe BOHcKa H pa3pe)KaH p5IJ1bl
npOTHBHI1Ka. B nepBbIH ,lteHb HacTynJIeHHR repMaHUbI B OCHOB-
u u u
HOM J10lIIJIH TOJIbKO J10 BTOpOH JIHHHI1 aHrJIHHCKHX n03HUHH.
K Hat.JaJIY onepaUHH repMaHcKoe KOMaH,ltOBaHHe COcpeJ10-
TOt.JI1JIO B paHoHe npopbIBa 1203 CaMOJIeTa (733 HCTpe6I1TeJIR,
400 pa3Be'zPIHKoB H 70 60M6apJ1l1pOBmHKoB) npOTHB 500 aHr-
JIHHCKHX* .
HCTpe6HTeJIbHaH aBHal{HR ,ltOJI)KHa 6bIJIa BO BpeMR npopbI-
Ba <ppoHTa 06ecnet.JHBaTb rOCnOJ1CTBO B B03,ltyxe; IIITypMOBaR
aBI1aUHR nOJIYQHJIa 3a.ztat.Jy nO,ltJ1ep)KHBaTb HacTynaIOIllYIO ne-
XOTY, npHt.JeM .l(e:HCTBOBaTb OTpR,ltaMI1I1HOr,lta ,lt0 20 CaMOJIeTOB
H Ha HH3KHX BbICOTax (50-100 M). DOM6apJ1HpoBOt.JHaH aBl1a-
UHR J10JI)KHa 6bIJIa aTaKOBaTb TbIJIOBbIe 06'beKTbI H ,ltHeM H HO-
t.JbIO; TaKjf(e npHBJIeKaJIaCb OHa ,ltJIR 60M6apJ1HpOBKH OTXO,lt5l-
ml1x BOHCK npOTHBHHKa Hero pe3epBOB. 113,ltaBaeMbIe B 3TH
J1HH I1HCTPYKl{HH 60JIbIlIOe BHI1MaHHe YJ1eJI5IJIH B3aHM0J1eH-
CTBHIO aBHaUHH H neXOTbI.
Bo BpeMR nO,ltrOTOBKH Onepal{HH repMaHCKHM KOMaHJ10Ba-
HHeM J1aJKe 6bIJIa npOBeJ1eHa CneUHaJIbHaH BoeHHo-aBHaUHOH-
Ha.H Hrpa, Ha KOTOpOH oTpa6aTbIBaJIHCb CJIe,n;YIOmHe BonpOCbI:
HCnOJIb30BaHI1e aBHal{HH B npeJ1CTORIUeM Onepal{HH, opraHH-
u u
3a1.{H5I B3aHMO,lteHCTBHR aBl1al{HH C Ha3eMHbIMH BOI1CKaMH,
06eCneQeHHe CKpbITHOCTH COCpeJ10TOt.JeHHR aBHal{HH, opraHM-
3aUHR aBHaUHOHHOH pa.ztHOCBR3H H aBHal.{HOHHOro TbIJIa. Ha
OCHOBe onbITa BoeHHOH HrpbI 6bIJIH C,lteJIaHbI BbIBO,ltbI, HCnOJIb-
30BaHHble 3aTeM B nOJJ;rOTOBKe aBHaUHI1 K 60eBbIM lJ.eHCTBHRM.
· Bccro lIa :7>1'01' MOMCIIT Y AIiTaliTbi 6blJlO 3784 CaMOJICTa, a y rCpMallHH -
2890.
1918 lOa
553
CKpbITHOCTb neperpynnMpoBKI1 aBHaI MI1 ,ltOCTI1 raJlaCb IIO-
BbIllIeHMeM MHTeHCHBHOCTI1 60eBbIX ,lteHCTBI1H aBI1alU10HHbiX
1.JaCTeM Ha BTOpOCTeneHHbIX Y1.JaCTKaX <PPOHTa, MMHMMaJIbHblM
KOJlM1.JeCTBOM nOJICTOB B n0J10Ce npe,l{CTO.Slll(erO nacTynJICHH5I,
,ltOBe,lteHl1eM 3at{aq aBl1au.1111 ,lt0 JIeTHOrO COCTana He panee qeM
3a CYTKI1 ,lt0 Haqana onepaUI1M, OCTaBJIeHMe 1 Ha aSpO,l.(pOMaX
MaKeTOB CaMOJIeTOB, HCMcnpaBHbIX CaMOJ1eTOB M ,lteMCTBYIOW:MX
pa,n:110CTaHQMM, MaCKMpOBKOM HOBbIX MeCT COcpe,ltOT01.ICHH5I
Cc1MOJIeTOB.
Ilepe,lt na1JaJIOM HacTynaTeJIbHOH onepaUHI1, elL{e AO apTMJI-
JIepl1HCKOM nO,ltrOTOBKI1, repMaHCKaH 60M6ap,ltl1pOBOl.JHa.SI aBHa-
UM5I HaHeCJ1a Y.l(apbI no IlITa6aM aHrJIMMCKI1X KopnYCOB 11 aHr-
JII1HCKHM a3pOJJ;pOMaM, a C Ha1.JaJIOM onepaUI1M - 110 iKeJIe3I10-
.l(0P0)l(HbIM CTaH MHM B MeCTax ,ltI1CJ10Kal I1H aHrJll1flCKMX BOHCK.
B nepl10.l( nO.l(ffiTOBKM repMaHCKHMI1 BOMCKaMI1 K npe,ltCTO-
51IUeMY HacTynJleHMIO nonbITKM aHrJ1l1l.JaH BeCTM B03,ltYUll-IYIO
pa3Bel{KY O.l(MH01JHbIMI1 SKMna)KaMI1 11 rpynnaMI1 CaMOJ1eTOB
no,n: npl1KpbITMeM HCTpe6I1TeJ1CM ycnexa He HMeJlH. C caMoro
Ha1.JaJIa HacTynJIeHHH repManCKa.SI BOMCKOBM aBMaUJ-HI KoppeK-
Tl1pOB£L71a orOHb apTMJIJIepl1H H BeJIa HenpepblBHYIO pa3Be,ltKY
nOJ1.S1 6051.
B nepBbIM JJ;eHb repMaHCKoro HacTynJ1eHH5I OTMe1.IaJ1aCb
nOBbIIlleHHa.Sl aKTHBHOCTb repMaHcKoM BOMCKOBoti MCTpe6H-
TeJlbHOH aBl1al.{MM. OHa YHI11.JTOiKaJIa iKMBYIO CI1J1Y, HapywaJla
ynpaBJIeHl1e BOHCKaMM, nO,ltaBJI5IJIa apTI1JIJIepMlO anrJIHl.JaH,
HanOCHJ1a IlITypMOBbIe YJJ;apbI no )KeJle3HO,ltOpO)l(HbIM 3111eJ10-
HaM 11 aSpO,ltpOMaM. YCI1JIM.SI repMaHCKOH aBl1aUI1H COCpe,ltOTO-
1JMBaJIHCb npe)l(J{e Bcero Ha TCX Yl.JaCTKaX cppOHTa, r.l(e anfJ1MfI-
CKMe BOMCKa OKa3bIBaJIM HaM60JIee ynopHoe conpOTMBJIeHl1e.
repMaHCKa.SI aBMal!HH JJ;eMcTBOBaJIa ,ltBYM.SI-TpeM5I SIlICJ10HaMM,
KaiKJJ;bIH: 113 KOTOpbIX COCT05lJI 113 ,ltBYX BOJ1B, a BOJlHa 1-13 aCKa/l-
pMJ1bM (9 CaMOJIeTOB). BbI30B I1cTpe611TeJleM JJ.J1n IIITYPMOBblX
u u
.l{eHCTBMI1 M yrOQHeHHC MX 3C1J{a1.J ocYllteCTBJI JII1 Cnel.{HaJIbHO
BbI.l(eJ1eHHbIe aBHauHOHHbIMM QaCT5IMM ocpMuepbI CB5I3I1, Haxo-
.l{I1BIIlHeC5I Ha KOMaHJJ;IIbIX nYHKTax KOMaH,ltHpOB neXOTHblX
.l{HBM3I1M. B CJIytJiUlx HapymeHI151 CBM3M HCTpe6MTeJ1M BeJIM
IlITypMoBbIe JJ;CHCTBIDI caMOCTO.SlTCJIbHO.
554
ABUa UJl BeJlUKOU BOUHbl
I1MeHHo 6JIaro,n;apR aKTHBHbIM ,n;eHCTBHRM aBMaI..{HH BOH-
CKa 18-H BCnOMOraTeJIbHOH apMHH HMeJIH B 3TOT nepBbIH ,n;eHb
HacTynJIeHHR HaM60JIbllIHH ycnex. 11M y,n;aJIOCb npOpBaTb rJIaB-
HYIO nOJIOcy COnpOTHBJIeHHR aHrJIHqaH H 3aXBaTHTb nOqTH BCIO
HX TR:>KeJIYIO apTHJIJIepHIO. OC06eHHO a<p<peKTHBHO ,n;eHCTBO-
BaJIa IlITypMOBaJI aBHal.{HR B MOMeHTbI npeCJIe,n;OBaHHR OTCry-
naIOlI1HX BOHCK.
OJJ:HaKO npM llIrypMOBbIX ,n;eHCTBHRX aBHaI..{MR HeCJIa 60JIb-
llIHe nOTepH OT OrHR Ha3eMHbIX BOHCK. HanpMMep, BO BpeMR
OJI.HOti H3 aTaK 6bIJIO C6HTO 17 repMaHCKHX CaMOJIeTOB M3 44.
AHrJIHHCKHe JIeTqHKH npHJIaraJIH Bce CHJIbI K OKa3aHMIO
npoTHBo,n;eHcTBHR npeBocxo,n;RlI1ei:f HX qHCJIeHHO repMaHcKoH
aBHaI..{HM. COCTORJIOCb KOJIOCCaJIbHOe B03,n;YIlIHoe Cpa)KeHHe, B
KOTOpOM npHHHMaJIM yqaCTHe 362 HeMel.{KHX CaMOJIeTa H 261
aHrJIHHCKHH. IToTepH HeMl.{eB COCTaBHJIH 14 CaMOJIeTOB, aHr-
JIHqaH - 16.
MCTpe6HTeJIbHCUI aBHal.{HOHHaH rpynna AHCTOB nOJI)"IH-
JIa CPOqHbIM npHKa3 HeMe.lVleHHO OTnpaBMTbCR B patioH pa3ro-
peBIlIHXCR 6oeB. B 18 qaCOB Ha aapo,n;pOMe y)Ke He OCTaJIOCb HI-!
o,n;Horo CaMOJIeTa. fpynna BceM COCTaBOM OTnpaBHJIaCb Ha pa3-
Be,n;KY H npH3eMJIHJIaCb B paMOHe MOH,n;H,n;be, B MeCTetlKe MH-
llIeJIb-CeH- )K0P)K, r,n;e Ha CKOPYIO PYKY 6bIJIO co6paHO HeCKOJIb-
KO aHrapOB BeCCOHO. ITo aTHM KpynHbIM, BMelI1aBIlIHM OT 8 JI.O
12 CaMOJIeTOB pa360pHbIM aHrapaM, a TaK)Ke CneUMaJIbHbIM
naJIaTKaM THna SF A (Service Fabrication Aeronautique) Bce-
r,n;a MO)KHO 6bIJIO Y3HaTb aapo,n;poM 3HaMeHHTOH rpynnbI.
TeXHHqeCKaH qaCTb npH6bIJIa K MecT)' HOBOH CTO HKH TOJIb-
KO YTPOM cJIe,n;YIOlI1ero ,n;HR.
B 3CKa.l{pHJIbIO PHxTro<peHa npM6bIBaeT 3pHCT Y,n;eT.
YJI.eT: 5I npM6bIBaIO B pacnOJIO)KeHMe rpynnbI B ,n;eC Tb qa-
COB H y)Ke B l{BeHa.ZJ:uaTb R BbIJIeTaIO Ha CBOIO nepBYIO BbIJIa3KY C
3CK3JJ:pHJIbeH N2 11. KpoMe Hee, B rpynne aCKan;pMJIbH 4,6 H 10.
PHxTrocpeH caM BeJ];eT B 60H N2 11. OH JIHqHO HcnbITbIBaeT KaJK-
,n;oro HOBoro qeJIOBeKa. Hac nRTepo, KanMTaH BO rJIaBe. 3a HHM
IOcT H fyccMaH. IlIoJIbu Ii R 3aMbIKaeM. .H B nepBbIH pa3 JIeqy Ha
<1>oKKepe-TpHnJIaHe. Mbl CKOJIb3HM H3J{ pR6bIM JIaH,n;IllacpToM
Ha BblCOTe 500 M. Han pa3BaJIHHaMH Anb6epa, npRMO no,n; o6JIa-
1918 loiJ
555
KaMM BI1CMT RE, 6pMTaHCKI1:H KoppeKTMpOBmHK apTOrH5I... MbI
M.l(eM HeMHoro HI1)Ke, HO OH no BCe:H O'-IeBMl1HOCTM Hac He 3aMe-
'-Iaer, npo.nOJDKGUI onHCbIBaTb Kpyrn. 51 neperJU1.nbIBalOCb C 1ll0JII>-
l.{eM. OH KMBaeT. 51 OT.l(eJIjIIOCb OT 3CKa.npHJIbl1 M JIe'-IY K "TOM-
MM", 3aXO)KY Ha Hero Cnepe.l(M CHM3Y M CTpeJIHIO C KOpOTKOH .lU1-
CTaHl.{I1I1. Ero .nBHraTeJIb 113peme'-IeH nYJIHMM... OH TYT )Ke
KpeHMTCjI 11 paCCbInaeTCH Ha KYCKM. fopHml1e 06JIOMKI1 na.n,aIOT
COBceM He.na.neKO OT Anb6epa. Qepe3 MI1HYTY jI B03BpamaIOCb B
u u
CTpOM H npo.nOJI)KalO nOJIeT B CTOPOHY Bpa)KCCKI1X n03Hl.{MI1.
IllOJIbl.{ CHOBa KI1BaeT MHe, KOpOTKO 11 C'-IaCTJII1BO. Ho Kanl1TaH
Y)Ke 3aMeTMJI Moe OTCyrCTBMC. KIDKeTcH, '-ITO OH BI1.nHT Bce. OH
060pa'-II1BaeTCH 11 MalIIeT MHe. HM)Ke cnpaBa l1.neT lI.peBH5lH PMM-
CKGUI .nopora.l{epeBbH Bce eI.Qe rOJIbIe M CKB03b BeTKM MbI BH.nHM
KOJIOHHbI Ha Maprne. OHM l1.nyr Ha 3anal(. AHrJII1'-IaHe oTcTyna-
lOT no.n HalIIMMM y.napaMM. TIpHMO Han; BepXYlIIKaMl1 .l(epeBbeB
CKOJIb311T rpynna "COnBM'-I KeMeJI". B03MO)KHO, OHM npHKpbI-
BaIOT 3TY CTapl1HHYIO PHMCKYIO .l(Opory, O,ZJ;HY 113 fJIaBHbIX apTe-
pMM: 6pl1TaHCKOfO OTCT)'nJIeHHH. 51 C TPy.nOM ycneBaIO Bce 31"0
paCCMOTpeTb KOr.l(a KpaCHbIH "CDOKKep" PHXTrocpeHa HblpHeT
BHH3 H MbI CJIe.l(yeM 3a HHM. "COnBI1'-IH" pa3JIeTaIOTCH B pa3HbIe
CTOpOHbI KaK l.{bInJIHTa, 3aBMlI.eBlIIMe 51lIITpe6a. TOJIbKO O.nHO IY
He YHTM, TOMY caMOMY, KOTOpbIH nonan B npHl.{eJI Kanl1TaHa. Bce
3TO npOMcxo.nMT TaK 6bICTpo, '-ITO HMKTO nOTOM He MO)KeT TO'-IHO
BcnOMHMTb. Bce .nYMaIOT Ha ceKYH.ny, '-ITO Kanl1TaH c06panc5I ero
npOTapaHI1Tb, OH TaK 6JIM3KO, H .l(YMalO, He .l(anblIIe 10M. 3aTeM
COnBM'-I B3.npanIBaer OT Y.l(apa. Ero HOC onYCKaeTCH BHM3, 3a HI1M
THHeTC5I 6eJIbIH 6eH311HOBbIH XBOCT M OH n3J];aeT B nOJIe p5IlJ:OM C
.l(OpOrOH, oKyraHHbIH .l(bIMOM H nJIaMeHeM. PI1XTrO<peH, CTaJIb-
HO:H l.{eHTp Harnero KJII1HOBH.l(HOrO CTPOjI, npO.l(OJI)KaeT nOJIoroe
CHI1)KeHHe K pl1MCKOH .l(opore. Ha BbICOTe neC5ITM MeTpOB OH He-
ceTCH Ha.n 3eMJIeH, CTpeJIHeT M3 060HX nYJIeMeTOB no MapllIl1py-
IOII.{I1M KOJIOHHaM. MbI .l(epjl(I1MCH CJ1e.l(OM 3a HHM M .l(06aBJI5IeM
elI.{e 60JIblIIe orHH. KaJKeTC5I, '-ITO BOHCKa OXBaTMJI napanM3YIO-
II.{HH Y)Kac. TOJIbKO HeMHOfl'Ie YKpbIBalOTCH B KaHaBax. DOJIblllMH-
CTBO nan;aeT TaM, f.l(e llIJIM Ml1l1 CT05IJII1. B KOHl.{e .l(oporn Kanl1-
TaH 3aKJIa.n,bIBaeT npaBbIH Bl1pa)K 11 3axO.l(I1T eme pa3, OCTaBlliICb
lIa O.l(HOH BbICOTe C BepXYUIKaMM .l(epeBbeB. Ceti'-Iac MbI MO)l(eM
556
ABUa UJl BeJlUKOU BOUllbl
}1CHO BM,l!eTb pe3Y JIbTaT HaIlIeH IlITYpMOBKM: 6blOllU1eC}1 JIOIlIa-
,l!MHbIe YlIp}1iKKM, 6pOIlIeHHbIe nyIlIKM, KOTOpbIe KaK BOJIHOJIO-
MbI paCKaJIbIBalOT HeCYInMHC}1 qepe3 HMX qeJIOBeqeCKMti lIOTOI(.
Ha 3TOT pa3 lIO HaM CTpeJIjllOT C 3eMJIM. BOT CTOMT nexoTa, lIPM-
KJIa.LJ;bI lIpMiKaTbI K IneKe, M3 KaHaBbI JIaeT lIY JIeMeT. Ho KanMTaH
He nO,l!HMMaeTCjI HM Ha MeTP, XOT.SI B era KPbIJIb}1X nOjlBJI}1IOTCjI
nYJIeBbIe OTBepCTHjI. MbI JIeTMM CJIe,l!OM 3a HHM M CTpeJIjleM. Bc
3CKa.LJ;pMJIb}1 nO,l!\IMHeHa ero BOJIe. TaK Ii ,l!OJIiKHO 6bITb. OH OC-
TaBJIjleT ,l!Opory M HaqMHaeT lIO,l!HMMaTbC.SI BBepx. MbI M,l!eM 3a
HMM. Ha BbICOTe 500 M MbI HanpaBJIjleMCjI ,l!OMOH M lIpH3eMJIjI-
eMCjI B 1.Jac ,l!H}1. 3T0 TpeTMH BbIJIeT PMXTro<t>eHa B 3TO yrpo. Kor,l!a
MOji MaIlIMHa KaCaeTCjI 3eMJIM, OH Y)K CTOHT Ha JIeTHOM lIOJIe. OH
H,l!eT KO MHe, H YJIbI6Ka MrpaeT Ha ero ry6ax.
- TbI \ITO, BCer,l!a MX c6HBaeIlIb aTaKOH Cnepe,l!M? - cnpa-
IlIMBaeT OH. Ho B ero TOHe CJIbIIIIHTC.SI 0,l!06peHMe.
- 51 TaK Y)Ke HeCKOJIbKMX C6HJI, - rOBOplO jI C caMbIM He-
6peJKHbIM BM,l!OM, KOTOpbIH TOJIbKO MOry Ha ce6j1 HanycTHTb.
OH YXMbIJIjleTC}1 M nOBOpaqMBaeTCjI, qT06bI M,l!TM.
- MeiKJ!Y npO\IMM, C 3aBTpamHero ,l!H}1 MOiKellIb BCT)'naTb B
KOMaH)1,OBaHMe 3cKa.LJ;pHJIbeH N2 11, - roBOpMT OH qepe3 lIJIeqO .
HanpjlraJIH Bce CHJIbI Ii aMepMKaHcKMe nHJIOTbI.
PMKen6eKep: l{o Hac ,l!OXO,l!MJIM TpeBO)KHbIe CJIYXM 0 MHO-
)KeCTBe IIJIeHHbIX, 3aXBa\IeHHbIX raHcaMH, M 0 CTpeMMTeJIbHOM
v
lIpO,l!BMiKeHMM Bpara nOCJIe Ka)K,l!OH aTaKM.
B 3nbe K 94-H 3CKa,l!pMJIbe npHCOe,l!HHHJIHCb KanMTaH
l!)KeHMC HopMaH XOJIJI, a TaK)Ke KanMTaH l{3BH,l! MaK TIeTep-
COH 113 XOHCJ(eHJIa, IlITaT TIeHCHJIbBaHMjI. 06a jlBJIjlJIMCb OlIbIT-
HbIMM nMJIOTaMM, M3BeCTHbIMH ellte no pa60Te B 3CKa,n:pHJIbe
"JIacpatieT". OHM He TOJIbKO nOJU{epiKMBaJIM, HO H 06Y\IaJIH Hac
B TO OT\IaJlHHOe BpeM}1. MbI 3HaJIM 3THX lIMJIOTOB M npeKJIOHjI-
JIMCb nepeJ( HMMM 3a,n:OJIrO ,l!0 JIH\IHOrO 3HaKOMCTBa. 51 He Haxo-
)KY CJIOB JIjI Toro, \IT06bI onMcaTb TO BOO,l!YIlIeBJIeHMe, KOTO-
poe nOCeJIMJIOCb B HaIlIeM JIarepe BMeCTe C 3TMMIi BeTepaHaMI1
B03,l!YIIIHbIX CXBaTO K .
22 Mapma - fepMaHcKa.Sl pa3Be,l!bIBaTeJIbHaSl aBMaUM}1
BbHIBMJIa HaqaBllIeeCjI cocpell.OTO\IeHHe pe3epBOB BORCK AHTaH-
TbI K MeCTY npopbIBa. B raBaH.SIX EYJIOHb, 3TanJIb M KaJIe OHa
1918 lOa
557
06HapY)KHJIa BbICaJ(KY BOHCK H HX J(BH)KeHHe K CPpOHTY. TaK)Ke
repMaHCKHe pa3Be,lJ;'.JMKH BbIRBHJIM YCHJIeHHOe ,ltBMlKeHHe rro-
e3,ltOB M aBTOKOJIOHH M3 paHOHa TIapHlKa B pai1:oH AMbeH-KoM-
nbeH - DOBe.
B nepBbIe ,ltHM onepaIU111 repMaHCKM aBMal.{MR rrOJIHOCTbIO
rOCnO,ltCTBOBaJIa B B03,ltyxe. B nOJIoce KIDK,ltOi1: apMHI1 Ha MaJIbIX 11
Cpe,ltHMX BbICOTax 6appIDKHpoBaJIH BOi1:cKoBble HCTpe6MTeJIbHble
3CKa,apMJIbH, CBe,lteHHble B apMei1:cKMe aBHarpyrrrrbI, aHa 60JIbllHiX
BbICOTax CI1JIbHbIe rpyrrnbI apMeMCKMX HCTpe6HTeJIbHbIX 3CKa.ap.
Bce rrorrbITKM He60JIblliI1X rpyrrn aHrJIHHCKOM aBMaUHM npOHMK-
Hyrb B paCrrOJIOlKeHHe rrpOTMBHI1Ka ycnexa He MMeJIM.
AnrJIO-cppaHl.{Y3CKoe KOMaH,ltOBaHMe npMH JIO MepbI rro ne-
perpyrrnl1poBKe I1CTpe6MTeJIbHoi1: aBl1aUMM. Pa3BepHYJIMCb Ha-
llpR)KeHHble B03,ltYllIHbIe 6011 Ha,lt KaM6ps M Eano 10M, B Ka)K-
,ZJ;OM M3 KOTOpbIX yqaCTBOBaJIO,ltO 100 11 60JIee CaMOJ1eTOB C 06e-
HX CTOpOH.
TaKTMKa aHrJ10-Q:>paHUY3cKOM aBMaUI1H rro-rrpelKlIeMY 3aK-
JIlOtJaJIaCb B rrootJepe,ltHoM paarpoMe 6appalKMpYIor.u:ei1: aBMal.{HI1
KalK,ltoi1: repMaHcKoi1: apMMM B OT,lteJIbHOCTM (cHaqa.7Ia 17-ti, 3a-
TeM 18-i1: H, HaKOHeu, - 2-M), HatJMHaH C YHMtlTO)l(eHM}{ M BbI-
TecneHMR I1cTpe6I1TeJIei1:, ,ltei1:cTBonaBllIMx cnaqaJIa Ha 60JIblUI1X
BbICOTax, a 3aTeM Ha Cpe,ltHMX 11 MaJlbIX. B pe3Y JIbTaTe TaKoti
TaKTMKH B nepBYIO otJepe,ltb 6bIJIa BbIBe,lteHa M3 CTpOR JIY1.J:llIa
qaCTb repMaHcKoM aBnaUMoHHoH TeXlIl1KM H JIytJIlHle repMan-
CKHe JIeTtJl1KI1. I1pl1 3TOM aHrJIMqaHe H <ppaHUY3bI npO,ltOJI)Ka-
JIM e)Ke,ltHeBHO BBO,ltMTb B 60M CBelKJ1e CMJIbl, B TO BpeM5I KaK
repMaHCKoe KOMaII,ltOBaHHe M3-3a OTCYTCTBJ1R pe3cpBOB JII1111e-
HO 6bIJIO TaKoi1: B03MO)KHOCTM.
AHrJIMHCKOe KOMaH,ltOBaHJ1e 6pOCMJIO 3Ha1.J:MTeJlbHYIO qaCTb
MCTpe6HTeJIei1: Ha ,lteticTBMR no Boi1cKaM Ha rrOJIe 60R, qTO 3Ha-
t{J1TeJIbHO 3aMe,ltJIMJIO npO,ltBMlKeHl1e 17 -M repMaHcKoi1: apMMH,
AeMcTBoBaBllleM Ha rJIaBHOM HarrpaBJIeHMH.
Y,lteT rrpMHlIMaeT KOMaH,ltOBaHMe 11-i1: 3CKa,ltpHJIbeti 2-t'I
HCTpe6HTeJIbHOH rpyrrnbI PMxTfo<peHa.
Y,lteT: I-Ia <ppoHTe MHoro XOpOIlIMX 3CKaD-PJ1J1Mt'I, HO rpyn-
na PMxTrocpeHa TOJIbKO O,ltHa. 11 cei1tJac BMlKY, B qeM ceKpCT
ero ycneXOB. ,l{PyrMe 3CKa,ltp11JIbl1 jJ(J1BYT B 3aMKax lfJIH MaJICIIb-
558
ABUa UJl BeJlUKOU Bo;i:llbl
KMX rOpO,ltKaX, B ,ltBa.zu,taTM-TpM,ltuaTM KHJIOMeTpaX OT JIMHMM
<ppOHTa. fpynna PMXTrO<!>eHa 06HTaeT B rO<PPMpOBaHHbIX )Ke-
JIe3HbIX JIaqyrax, KOTOpbIe MOryT 6bITb C06paHbI H paa06paHbI
B ClIMTaHHble lIaCbI. OHM pe,ltKO 6a3MpYIOTC.SI ,ltaJIbme, lIeM ,ltBa.n;-
uaTb KMJIOMeTpOB OT nepe,ltOBbIX nOCTOB. ,l(pyrMe aCKattpMJIbM
nO,ltHMMaIOTC.SI B B03,ltyX no .l{Ba-TpM pa3a B ,lteHb. PMXTro<!>eH Ii
ero JIIO,ltM B3JIeTaIOT n.SlTb pa3 B ,lteHb. pyrMe CBopallMBaIOT
v
onepaltMM npM nJIOXOM noro,lte, 3,l(eCb JIeTaIOT nOllTM npM JIIO-
6blX nOrO,ltHbIX yCJIOBM.SIX. TeM He MeHee, CaMaH 60JIbllIaH Heo-
)KM,ltaHHOCTb JVIH MeH.SI - aapO,ltpOMbI nO,ltCKOKa. 3TO H306pe-
TeHHe neJIbKe, YllMTeJI.SI HeMeUKoH BoeHHO-B03.l{YIliHOM CJIY)K-
6bI. PMxTro<!>eH, ero caMbIM O,ltapeHHbIM yqeHMK, CJIe,ltyeT aTOM
npaKTMKe. Bcero JIMllib B HeCKOJIbKMX KMJIOMeTpax 3a JIMHMeH
<ppoHTa, qaCTO B npe,lteJIax .l{OCHraeMocTM Bpa)KeCKOM apTMJI-
JIepMH, Mbl, B nOJIHOM 60eBoM rOToBHoCTM, CM,ltMM B OTKpbITOM
nOJIe Ha paCKJIaz:lHbIX CTYJIb.SlX. HamM CaMOJIeTbI, 3anpaBJIeH-
Hble M rOTOBble K B3JIeTY, CTOHT pH,ltOM. KaK TOJIbKO Ha ropM-
30HTe nO.SlBJIHeTCH npoTMBHMK, MbI no,ltHMMaeMCH B B03,ltyx -
no O,ltHOMY, no ,ltBoe, MJIM ueJIOM aCKaz:lpMJIbeH. HeMe,ltJIeHHO
nOCJle 60.Sl MbI npM3eMJIH, eMC.SI yca)KMBaeMCH B HaIIIM KpeCJIa,
BblTHrMBaeM HorM M 06mapHBaeM He60 B 6MHOKJIH, O)KM.l{aH
HOBblX npoTHBHMKOB. 06blllHblX naTpYJIbHblX IIOJICTOB HCT.
PMXTrocpeH B HMX He BepMT. OH pa3pemaeT JIMmb nOJIeTbl B TblJI
npOTMBHHKa.
- 3TM CTOpO)KeBbIe nOCTbl B B03.l{yxe paCCJIa6JI.SIIOT nI1JIO-
TOB, - YTBep)K,ltaeT OH.
TaK liTO MbI nO.l{HMMaeMCH B B03,ltyX TOJIbKO ,ltJIH 60H .
23 Mapma - BOMCKa 18-M repMaHcKoM apMMM nOJIHOCTbIO
npeO.l{OJIeJIH BCIO TaKTMlIeCKYIO 060POHY M nOBeJIM 60M no IIpC-
o,n;OJIeHHIO onepaTMBHoM 060POHbI COI03HMKOB. III Kopnyc
18- M apMMH .l{0 KOHua ,ltHH np0,l(BMHY JICH Ha 10 KM. Ha IIO-
MOIl!b aHr JIHlIaHaM nepe6pacblBaIOTcH <!>paHUY3cKMe ,ltHBM3liM,
IIO,ltB03HMble K <PpOHTY Ha aBTOMamHHax H C Xo,lty 6pocacMbIe
B 60M.
napH)K no,ltBeprCH 06CTpeJIY M3 cBepXJtaJIbH060MHbIX opY-
,ltMM, 3aHMMaBIIIHX II03MltMM B paHoHe JIaoHa (B 120 KM OT <!>paH-
uY3cKoH CTOJIMltbl). Tpexopy,ltMMIIaH6aTapeH npO,ltOJDKaJIa 06-
1918 lOa
559
CTpeJI <ppaHQY3CKOH CTOJIHQbI 44 .n;H ; TpeTb CHap ltOB na,u,a.na
B tIepTe fOpOlta, 6bIJIO y6HTO H paHeHO 876 tIeJIOBeK.
Ha OCHOBe ltaHHbIX aBI1aQI10HHOH pa3Be.n;KI1 0 .n;BI1)1(eHM5IX
aHfJIO-<ppaHQY3CKHX pe3epBOB repMaHCKoe KOMaH.n;OBaHHe QeH-
TpaJIM30BaJIO onepaTHBHoe ynpaBJIeHMe 60M6ap.n;MpOBOtIHbIMM
SCK3J1paMM, 113'b B HX 113 nO,lttIMHeHM5I KOMaHltYlOlI1MX apMM MM.
C SToro .n;H repMaHCKaSI 60M6apltMpOBOtIHasI aBMaQMj{ HatIa.TIa
npOM3Bo.n;HTb peryJI pHble HOqHbIe HaJIeTbl Ha )l(eJIe3Ho.n;op0)l(-
HbIe CTaHQMM. Ha.n:eTbl npOM3Bo.n;HJIHCb npeHMYll1eCTBeHHO He-
60JIbllIHMH rpynnaMH (4 -5 CaMOJIeToB), STO cIIoco6cTBOBaJIO
3aJ(ep)KKe JI.BH)I(eHH pe3epBoB K MecTY npopbIBa.
AHrJIHHCKa 6oM6ap.n;HpOBOqHa aBHaQH B STOT .n;eHb
npe.n;npHH JIa 60M6ap.n;HpOBKY repMaHCKHx aspo.n;pOMOB Ha
fJIaBHOM HanpaBJIeHHH npo'pbIBa.
24 Mapma - B pe3YJIbTaTe CPOqHblX Mep, npHH TbIX aHr-
JIHHCKHM H <ppaHQY3cKHM KOMaH.n;OBaHHeM, aBHaQHH COI03HH-
u u u
KOB y.n;aJIOCb .n;OCTHqb nepeJIOMa B B03.n;YIlIHOH BOHHe B paHOHe
npopbIBa repMaHcKoH apMHH B TIHKap,ltHH. AHrJIHHCKaR 60M-
6ap.n;HpOBOqHaH aBHaQH no.n;KJIlOqHJIaCb K 60M6ap.n;MpoBaHHIO
repMaHCKHX BOMCK Ha nOJIe 60 , qTO cnoc06CTBOBaJIO npMOC-
TaHOBKe HaCTYnJIeHH 18-H repMaHcKoH apMHH.
TOJIbKO HCTpe6HTeJIbHaH rpynna PHxTrocpeHa HeH3MeHHO
JI.OCTaBJI eT COlO3HHKaM MHOfO XJIOnOT. Y.n;eT c6HBaeT CBOIO
Oqepe.n;HYIO :>KepTBY.
Y.neT: JIoTap <pOH PHxTro<pen, 6paT KanHTaHa, C6HJI ell(e
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C HamHM JIarepeM. P .nOM HeT neXOTbI, H MbI ltep)KHM nJIeHHI'I-
Ka y ce65I. BeqepOM OB nO.RBJI5IeTC BMeCTe C PHxTfocpeHoM B
Ka3HHO, Hero co BceMH 3HaKOM T. On cyxomaBbIH, HeMHoro
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BbIqypHbIH, HO cnopTHBHOfO BH,lta H HaCTOHll1HM ,It)l(eHTJIbMeH.
MbI 6eCe,ltyeM 0 JIOIlIa.l{HX, nOpO,ltHCTbIX c06aKax H CaMOJIeTax.
MbI He rOBopHM 0 BOHHe. AHfJIHqaHHH - Ham fOCTb, H MbI He
XOTHM C03,ltaTb y Hero BneqaTJIeHHe, qTO H3 Hero BbIKaqHBalOT
KaKYIO-TO HH<popMaQMIO. B Cepe,ltMHe paarOBopa OH menqeT qTO-
TO CBoeMY coceJJ.Y, 3aTeM nO,ltHHMaeTC H BbIXO,ltHT. JIoTap CMOT-
u
pl1T eMY BCJIe.n;, HeMHoro 03a,ltaqeHHbIH.
- Ky.n;a STO OH nomeJI? - CnpOCHJI OIl.
560
Aeuau,UR BeJlUKOU eOU1tbl
- nporny npOll1eHb , rl{e 3l{eCb TYaJIeT? - OTBe'laeT MbI-
IlJl1HbIH 3y6.
Ha MrHOBeHl1e YCTaHaBJII1BaeTC THllIHHa. MaJIeHbKaH XI1:
IKMHa HaXOl{HTC5I Ha caMOM KpaIO JIOIIU1HbI, B KOTOpOH pacrrOJIO-
IKeH JIarepb. 3a HeH - JIec. CrropTCMeHY He TaK Y:>K TPYl{HO c6e-
IKaTb. BbICKa3bIBaIOTC rrpOTI1BOrrOJIOIKHbIe MHeHI1 . Yrrl1TaHHbIH
MaycxaKe - caMblH rrpel{rrpI1I1M'lI1BbIH. OH XOqeT BblHTl111 no-
npI1C)'TCTBOBaTb p l{OM C aHrJIH'laHI1HOM. 3TO MO:>KHO Cl{eJIaTb
6e3 BC$lKI1X 3aTPYl{HeHI1H. Ho JIoTap He COrJIalliaeTC :
- l!o CI1X nop MbI 06pall1aJIHCb C 3THM qeJIOBeKOM KaK C
rocTeM, 11 OH He Cl{eJIaJI HH'lerO, qTO ,ltaJIO 6bI HaM rrOBOl{ CO-
MHeBaTbC B ero XOpOllIHX MaHepax.
Ho Hanp :>KeHHOCTb OCTaeTC . KpOMe Toro, Mbl HeceM OT-
BeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a rrJIeHHI1Ka. ECJII1 OH C6e)KHT, HaM He n03,lI:0-
pOBI1TC5I. I(To-TO CTaHOBI1TC K OKHY, 'lT06bI Ha6JIIOl{aTb 3a all-
rJIH'laHHHOM. Qepe3 ceKYHl{Y K HeMY rrpHCOe,ltHH IOTC eIUe
llIeCTb HJII1 BoceMb qeJIOBeK. 51 TO:>Ke rrOJJ;HHMaIOCb. AHrJIHlJa-
HHIf l1l{eT rro OTKPblTOMY MecTY pa3MallIHCTbIM 11IarOM. all OC-
TaHaBJIHBaeTC , 3aKypl1BaeT Cl1rapeTY H OrJI5IJJ;bIBaeTC . Mbl
HeMel{JIeHHO I1pHrI16aeMc . Hallie rocTenpHHMcTBO CB I eHHO
H HalliH nOl{03peHI1 MOryr oCKop611Tb ero. OH HCtfe3aeT 3a CO-
CHOBbIMH l{Bep MH l{OMI111IKa. HHIKHHH KpaH ,ltBepUbI lIe l{OXO-
l1I1T l{0 3eMJII1, H MbI BHl{I1M ero KOpl1'lHeBbIe 60TI1HKI1. 3TO 060-
l{p eT. Ho Y MaycxaKe rrOl{HI1MaIOTC rrOJJ;03peHH .
- napHI1, - rOBOpl1T OH llIerrOTOM, - 3TH 60TI1HKI1 CTO T
TaM rrpOCTO TaK. OH rrepeCKOQHJI qepe3 3a.l{HIOIO CTeHKY B Ol{"
HHX HOCKax 11 c6e)Ka.1I. DOTHHKI1 He MOryr CT05ITb TaK, eCJII1... -
01-1 IIOKa3bIBaeT, KaK HMeHHO l{OJI)f(I1bI CT05ITb 60THHKI1, eCJIH
'leJIOBeK 3aHI1MaeTC 3THM l{eJIOM.
AHrJII1QaHHH rrO BJI eTC H3-3a CTeHbI. n pHce,lI:a , MbI 6po-
caeMC 110 MeCTaM. Korl{a OH BXOl{I1T, MbI rOBOpl1M 0 JIorna.t(5IX,
nOpOl{I1CTbIX c06aKax 11 CaMOJIeTax.
- 51 HHKOrl{a 6bI He npOCTI1JI ce6e, eCJIH 6bI pa30QapOBaJI
TaKI1X rOCTenpl1l1MHbIX X03 eB, - rOBOpl1T aHrJIHHCKI1H MaH-
op C JIerKOH YJIbI6KOH B yrOJIKaX pTa.
MbI 6JIaro.n:apHM ero cepbe3HO 11 QepeMOHHO. Ha CJIel{YIO-
liee YTPO KOpoTKOHOrl1H 60pOl{aTbIl1: pe3epBI1CT YBOl{HT nJIeII-
1918 lOa
561
HMKa, KOTOpbIM TO M JtCJIO 060patII1BaeTC.H, lJT06bI nOMaXaTb naMa
Qepe3 rr5lTb l{HeM MeHep rrpl1B0311T JII060IIbITHble HOBOCTH Jf3
fCHTa. KaKO:H-TO aHrJIl1lJaHI1H HarraJI Ha CBoero CTpa)KHHKa H
na rrOJIHOM XOL(Y c6C)KaJI 113 ryaJICTa noe3Jta-3Kcnpccca, nepc-
Ol{eBlliHCb B lIeMeUKYIO <POPMY. OxpaIII-II1Ka BalliJIH TaM )Ke; CI3.H-
3aHHoro no PYKaM 11 HoraM.
- 3TO 6bIJI Ma:HOp? - crrpocHJI B3BOJIHOBaIIHO MbIIJ1I1HbI113y6.
- TbI tITO, .HCHOBI1l{51IUM:H? - Yl{I1BHJIC5I MeMep.
- TOtIHO, MaMOp, JIeTtII1K.
- OH BCe-TaKI1 BOCrrOJIb30BaJIC.H TYaJIeTOM! - KPHKIIYJI
MbIllIl1HbIM 3y6.
Mei1ep CMOTpl1T rro cTopoHaM B H3YMJICHI1H. MbI XOXOlJeM,
IIOKa Y Hac He HatIl1HaIOT 60JIeTb lJeJIIOCTH .
25 Mapma - K KOHUY l{H5I 113MOTaHHa5I 5-51 aHrJII1HCKa51
apMM5I HaqaJIa OTXOl{ K MOpIO, a cppaIlQY3bI - na IorO-3allaJ ,
C03t(aBa5I npl1KpbITl1e napH)f(a. ct>paHQY3cKMe 11 aHrJIHHCKHC
apMMI1 OKa3aJIHCb pa3'bet(I1HeHHbIMH, MeJKl{Y HI1MI1 OTKpbIBaJI-
C5I n)'Tb Ha AMbeH.
<I>paHUY3cKHe 60M6apt(l1pOBIIJ:I1KH HeYKJIOHHO rrpOl{OJI)Ka-
lOT CBOIO nJIaHOMeplIYIO aTaKY Ha CTpaTerl1lJeCKl1e Y3JIbI fep-
MaHHH. C6pOllieHO Tpl1 60M6bI Ha BOCTOlJHYIO CTaHIU1IO B TH-
OHBI1JIe 11 Ha )f(eJIe3HOl{OpO)KHbIe rrYTI1 113 Meua, O,l{Ha 113 HI1X
He pa30pBaJIaCb.
fepMaHCKOC nacTyrrJIeHHe BbII-IYJKl-{aeT cppaHUY30B 11 anr-
JIMlJaH rrpl1JIaraTb Bce CI1Jlbll{JI5I Yl{ep)f(aHI15I CBOHX py6e)Kcti. B
3T0i1 CI1TyalU1H COI03HI1KI1 OKOHtiaTeJIbHO OC03HalOT ry6HTeJIb-
Hoe l{C:HCTBI1C OTCYTCTBI151 el{I1HOIlatiaJII1M Ha 3anaduoe8poneu-
u u
CKOA-t meampe BoeHHbIX l{eI1CTBHI1.
26 Mapma - reHepaJI <DOlli Ha3Ha l IaeTC.H rJIaBHOKOMaH.lI.Y-
IOIUI1M COlO3HbIMI1 BOWCKaMI1 BO cDpaHUl111 H BeJIbrl1l1.
2-51 repManCKa51 apMI1M nOJIYlJaeT npHKa3 HacTyrraTb na
AMbeH.
rI1HJ(eH6ypr: Co B3HTHeM AMbeHa rrOJIe l{eMCTBI15I npOTHB-
IIHKa pa36l1BaeTC5I Ha l{Be lJaCTH. AnrJIHH OCTaeTC.H 110 Ol{HY CTO-
POllY, cDpaHul1.H - no L(PyryIO. IIOJIlITl1lJeCKHe 11 cTpaTerl11.Ie-
CKMe I1I1TcpecbI pa3.ltp06JIRIOTC.H; 3TO MO)KeT 6bITb BbIpa)KenO
l{BYM.H CJIOBaMH: "KaJIc" II "llapl1)f("».
562
A8ua uSl BeJlUKOU 80U1tbl
27 Mapma - repMaHcKHe BOHcKa, XOT H npOl{OJI)KaIOT
Mel{JIeHHO npOl{BHraTbC.H Bnepel{, Ol{HaKO, He HMe.H KaBaJIepl1H
H TaHKOB, He ycneBalOT l{0 I1CXOl{a l{H.H BOCnOJIb30BaTbC 15-KM
pa3pbIBOM Q:>pOHTa.
JIIOl{eHl{0P<P: . IIepeHoc QeHTpa T.H)KeCTH Ha AMbeH He J(aJI
pe3YJIbTaTOB... Hallia HaCTynaTeJIbHaJI CHJIa 3l{eCb YjKe Tenepb
u
OKa3aJIaCb Hel{OCTaTO'tJHOM npOTHB cocpe,nOTOtIMBIllerOC5I M ne-
pemel{IlIerO K aKTHBHbIM l{eMCTBH.HM npOTHBHHKa... TIepeXOl{
)Ke K CpaJKeHl110 Ha HCTOmeHHe 6bIJI Hel{OnYCTHM..
COlO3HI1KaM Yl{aJIOCb OCTaHOBHTb npo,nBH)KeHl1e repMaH-
CKHX BOMCK He TOJIbKO Ha 3eMJIe. AHrJIO-Q:>paHI{Y3CKaH aBHa-
I{11 nOl{aBHJIa repMaHCKYIO B He6e Hal{ TIMKapl{HeM H ,nOCTHr-
JIa nOJIHOrO B03.l1:ymHoro rOCnOl{CTBa.
BCIO Hel{eJIIO Bce 4 3CKaztpHJIbH AHcToB. BeJIH aKTI1BHYIO
pa3Bel{KY, BCTynaJIH B B03l{YIlIHbIe 60H H npOH3BOl{HJIH aTaKH
repMaHCKHX Ha3eMHbIX BOHCK. B pe3YJIbTaTe Ha I1CXOl{e Hel{e-
JIM HM npHIlIJIOCb nepeMeHHTb MeCTO CTO HKH M nepe6paTbCM
n06JIM)Ke K p. CeHJIH.
28 Mapma - Yl{eT: ....51 JIetIY C fyccMaHoM. TIaTpYJIb B CTO-
POHY ArIb6epa. YjKe nOJIl{eHb, M COJIHI{e CBeTMT C 3ana,na. Ero
CJIen Il.tMe JIyqH 6blOT np MO B rJIa3a. BpeWl OT BpeMeHM npl1-
KJIa)1bIBaIO KO JI6y PYKy, tIT06bI He ynYCTMTb npOTHBHHKa. I1Ha-
qe OHH 3acTaHyr Hac BpaCnJIOx. nOKOHHbIM fHMHeMap npeno-
l{aJI 3TOT ypoK BceMY Q:>POH1)'. HeO)KMJ{aHHO, KaK 6Yl{TO HHOTKY-
l{a, nO BJI eTC aHrJIHqaHHH. OH nMKl1pyeT Ha fYCCMaHa,
KOTOpbIl1 nbITaeTC yitrM OT Hero, HbIp . 51 BH)KY KaK OHH Ma-
HeBpl1pYIOT B COTHe MeTpOB HMjKe. 51 Hll.{Y n0311I{HIO, OTKYl{a CMor
6bI CH Tb aHrJIHqaHHHa, He 3an;eB fYCCMaHa. Ho, Ha ceKYHl{Y
u
nO,llH B rOJI 0 BY, BMjKY, KaK KO MHe JIeTHT BTOpOI1 aHrJIHQaHI1H.
all licero B 150 M OT MeH.H. C paCCTO HM B 80 M OH OTKpbIBaeT
orOHb. 51 He MOry ero H36e)KaTb H npOl{OJI)KalO JIeTeTb HaBCTpe-
4Y. Tax... Tax... Tax... CT)'1lMT MOM nYJIeMeT, Tax... Tax... Tax... rpo-
X01.JeT ero. MbI Haxo,nMMC l{Pyr OT l{Pyra B 20 M 11 KIDKeTCH, QTO
B CJICl{YIOIl{YIO ceKYHl{Y MbI npOTapaHHM l{Pyr l{Pyra. Ho BOT OH
npOHOCHTCH np MO Hal( MoeM roJIOBOH. B03,llYllU-IaH CTPY5I OT ero
BHIrra Yt1ap5leT B MeH , 11 .H tIYBCTBYIO 3anax paCKaJIeHHOrO Ma-
Illl1HHOrO MaCJIa. 513aKJIa.zI.bIBaIO KpyrOH Bl1pa)K. "BoT H Haql1I1a-
1918 lOa
563
eTCjI B03JJ:YIlIHbIH 6oil", - .l{YMaIO R. Ho OH TO)Ke nOBOpat.j]1BaeT
M Mbl CHOBa HeceMCR .l{pyr Ha .l{pyra, CTpeJIRR B ynop, KaK l{Ba
pbIQapjl C KonbRMH Hanepeaec. Ha 3TOT pa3 Y)Ke jI rrpOXO)KY HaJJ:
HHM. Eme O,l{HH paaBopOT. 11 BHoab OH JIeTMT np MO Ha MeH5I, 11
CHOBa MbI C6JIM)KaeMCjI. TOHKHe, 6eJIbIe CJIe.l{bI TpaccepoB BHCRT
B B03.l{yxe KaK 3aHaBeCH. OH on Tb npOHOCI1TCa Ha.l{O MHOt'1 Ha
TaKOM paccToHHHH, t.J:TO ero MOJKHO KOCHyrCjI PYKoi1... ,,8224" -
HanMcaHO Ha ero <pI03eJIjI)Ke QepHbIMI1 6YKBaMH. QeTBepTbli1
3axO.l{. 51 t.J:YBCTBYIO, KaK MOI1 PYKI1 CTaHOBRTCR BJIIDKHbIMI1. 3TOT
npHHTeJIb jlBHO nOXO)K Ha t.J:eJIOBeKa, KOTOpbIH Be,n:eT peIllaIOI1!1111
60H caoeH )KM3HM. On I1JII1 jI... O.l{I1H H3 Hac ,n:OJI)KeH npOHrpaTb...
I1Horo BbIXO.l{a HeT. IIHTblH 3axo,n:! HepBbl HaTHHYTbl Ita npe,l(e-
JIa, HO M03r pa60TaeT C XOJIO.ll.HOi1 jlCHOCTbIO. Ha 3TOT pa3 ,n:OJDK-
liO npHHTM KaKoe-TO pemeHHe. 51 1I0BJIIO ero B npl1QeJI 11 Jle4Y
HaBCTpe4Y. 51 He YCTynJIIO I-IH Ha mar. BCITblIIIKa B naMHTI1! 51
BHJKY 60i1 Hal( JIeHCOM.j!Be MallIl1HbI BOT TaK )Ke M4aJInCb ,l(Pyr
Ha .l{pyra 11 CTOJIKI-IY JIMCb JII1I..{OM K JlI1QY. <Dl03eJ15l)K11 n3,lI,aJIH BH113
KaK MeTaJIJIl'ftleCKMH llIap, CnJIeTeHHbIe BMeCTe, a KpblJIbH npo-
,n:OJlJKaJIH JIeTeTb no OT.l{eJIbHOCTM, nOKa He y,n,aplIJIMCb 0 3CMJIIO
11 He paCCbInaJIHCb. MbI HeceMCH JI.pyr Ha ,n,pyra, KaK CYMaCIlle,l(-
IIIl1e JI.l1Kl1e Ka6aHbI. ECJIH OB He nOTepaeT caMo06JIal(aHH5I, MbI
norM6neM 06a! 3aTeM OH OTBopa4MBaeT, 4T06bI H36e)KaTb CTOJI-
KHOBeHI1R. B 3TOT MOMenT 51 BblnYCKaIo B Hero ot.J:epe.l{b. Era ca-
MOJIeT CTaHOBI1TCH Ha ,n:bI6bI, nepeBOpatIHBaeTCH Ha Cnl1HY H HC-
4e3aeT B rHraHTcKoH BopOHKe. cDoHTaH 3CMJII1, ,l{bIM... t{Ba)K,n:bI
H npOJleTaIO H3,lI, MeCTOM cro naJ(CHHa. IlexOTMHQbI B cepoH (POP-
Me CTOHT BHH3Y. MarnYT MI-Ie pYKaMI1 Ii t.J:TO-TO KpM4aT. 51 JIe4Y
.l{OMOI1, MOKpbIH OT nOTa. MOI1 HepBbI eme TpenCmYT. B TO )Ke
BpeMH B MOMX YIIIax cepM, HeCTepnl1MaH 60JIb. 51 HI1KOr.l{a He
LlYMaJI npeJKJJ;e 0 Tex JIIO.l{HX, KOTOpbIX C6MBaJI. TOT, KTO cpaJKa-
eTCjI, He JI.OJDKeH CMOTpeTb Ha HanOCI1Mble 11M paHbl. Ho Ba 3TOT
pa3 MHe XOTeJIOCb 3HaTb, KeM 6blJI TOT napeHb. 1< Bet.J:epy, B cy-
MepKax, a CIDKYCb B MallIl1HY 11 C.l{Y. He,n:aJIeKO OT Toro MeCTa, r,n,c
Hero C6HJI, HaxoJlHTCjI nOJleBOM: rOCnl1TaJIb, 11, B03MOJKHO, ero
y)KC JI.OCTaBI1JII1 TY.l{a. 51 Cnpaml1BaIO ,n:OKTopa. BeJIblH XaJIaT, OC-
BemeUHblH Kap6l1J{HbIMI1 JIaMnaMH ,n:eJIaeT ero IlOXO)KI1M Ha npl1-
BH.l{eHl1e. IlMJIOT nOJIY4HJI nYJIeBOe paHCHMe B rOJIOBY 1-1 YMep Ha
564
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80U1fbl
MeCTe. ,l{OKTOP nepe,naeT MHe 6YMIDKHMK. BM3MTHbIe KapTOlIKH:
JleM:TeHaHT Maac.n:opn, OHTapMO, KOpOJIeBCKMH BOeHHO-B03l{YllI-
HbIM: Kopnyc, 47. <l>oTorpa<t>M5I cTapoH )KeHmMHbI M nMCbMO.
"Te6e He CJIel{YeT TaK MHoro JIeTaTb. Ilo,l{YMaH 0 Hac C OTI.10M".
CaHMTap npMHocMT MHe HOMep CaMOJIeTa. OH BbIpe3aJI ero M3
0611IMBKM. HOMep nOKpbIT paCnbIJIeHHbIMM B B03l{yxe KpOBaBbI-
MM KanJI5IMH. 51 el{Y Ha33!{, B 3CKa.n;pMJIblO. He c.nel{yeT l{YMaTb 0
TOM, lITO KIDK,l{Oro y6MTOfO 6Yl{eT OnJIaKMBaTb MaTb. B CJIel{YIO-
ll1He ,l{HH 60JIb B yrnax craHoBMTC5I Bce xY)Ke. KaK 6Yl{TO KTO-TO
B MoeH rOJIOBe He nepeCTaBaR pa60TaeT l{OJIOTOM M CBepJIOM .
repMaHCKHH reHepa.nbHbIH llITa6 npHypOlIHJI K MapTOBCKO-
MY HacrynJleHHIO 1918 r. cepMIO M3 28 Hana,lteHMH Ha IlapHIK,
nOl{fOTOBHB ,nJI.SI 3Toro 483 CaMOJIeTa, M3 KOTOpbIX, Ol{HaKO,
TOJIbKO 37 CMOrJIM npeo,nOJIeTb CMJIbHYIO npOTMBOB03l{YlliHYIO
060POHY IIapM)f(a M 60M6apl{MpOBaTb ropOl{.
He .n:peMaJIM M repMaHCKHe nO,l{BOl{HbIe JIOl{KM. 3a nepBbIe TpI1
MeCgua 3Tom rol{a nOTepM C0103Hom M HeMTpaJIbHOrO TOHHaJKa
OT TOTaJIbHOH no,nBOl{HOM: BOHHbI COCTaBMJIM 300 TbIC5I1I TOHH.
AnpE.7Ib
PHKeH6eKep: 3a nJIeqaMH 6pMTaHQeB M <PpaHUY30B 6bIJIO
60JIee Tpex JIeT B03,nYlliHOH BOHHbI, M BeTepaHbI MX 3CKa.n;pH-
JIBM nOCMaTpHBaJIH Ha aMepMKaHCKMX nHJIOTOB C Hel{OYMeHM-
eM 11 3TaKMM Be)KJIMBbIM npeHe6pe)KeHl1eM. OHM nOBepl1JIM B
MCTOpMlO C l{B3l(QaTblO TbIC5I1IaMH aapOnJIaHOB, l{OCTaBKa KOTO-
pbIX 6bIJIa 06eInaHa K anpeJlIO. 11 BOT OH anpeJIb, a MbI JIeTaeM
Ha cJIa60 OCHaIneHHbIX MarnHHax, KOTopbIe HaM nOCqaCT-
JIMBMJIOCb BbIKJI5IHlIMTb Y <ppaHQY30B M aHfJlMqaH. HaIllI1 IIH-
JlOTbI He npOXOl{MJIM no,nrOTOBKY nOl{ HaqaJIOM BeTepaHOB, KaK
3TO npOHCXOl{HJIO Y 6pMTaHueB, a HalliM MeTOl{bI 6bIJIM HOBbIMI1
11 Heonpo60BaHHbIMM. Bep05ITHO, COlO3HMKM He CTaBHJIH nOl{
COMHeHMe Hamy pernMTeJIbHOCTb M 60eBOHl{YX, HO Kajl(l{bIH H3
Hac qYBCTBOBaJI: HaM He06xo.n:MMO nOKa3aTb 3TMM onbITHbIM
3CKMPMJIbgM, lITO MbI MO)KCM T5IraTbC5I C HMMM B JII060H 06JIa-
CTH aBMaUHM ,na)Ke Ha TaKMX nJIOXOHbKMX MallIMHax - JIMllib
6bI 6bIJla B03MOjl(HOCTb JIeTaTb. A l{O)Knb Bce He npeKpall1aJICg!»
1918 lOa
565
1 anpeJlR - BbIJIH C03l{aHbI M3 RFC H RNAS KOpOJIeB-
CKMe B03JtYlIIHbIe CliJIbI (Royal Air Force - RAF). BnepBbIe B
BoeHHOM HCTOpMM BbIcTynMJI Hap Jty C Tpa.n:nl{HOHHbIMH Ha-
u u
3eMHbIMH M MOpCKliMI1 BoeHlIbIMH CHJIaMH HOBblH poJt BOHCK.
KaK Ii BO C!>paHU;HIi B RAF pa3JII1qaJIli TaKTl1\.1eCKHe Ii onepa-
TMBHbIe B03JtYWHbIe CHJIbI.
JIJIOHJt l{)K0PJt)K: «Pe3Y JIbTaTbI, nOJIyqeHHbIe Ha Bcex TeaT-
pax BOHHbI, a TaK)Ke npM 060poHe AHrJIliH, 60JIee qeM onpaB-
t{bIBaIOT C<pOpMHpOBaHl1e KOpOJIeBCKOH B03JtYlliHOH CI1JIbI.
KaK He3aBHCliMOH 60eBoH Cl1JIbI KOpOJIeBCTBa .
2 anpeJlR - B HOtIb BbIJIeTeJIH Ha 60M6apltl1pOBaHHe 7 He-
MeL{KHX CaMOJIeTOB, 1113 HHX Ha IIapliJK; <ppaHQY3CKl1e 3eHI1T-
ql1KM BbInYCTliJIH 2 921 CHap5It{ 11 He Jt06MJIMCb ycnexa.
3 anpeJlR - PHKeH6eKep: K 3-MY anpeJl 1918 rOt{a na
<t>poHTe HaxoJtHJIaCb TOJIbKO M05I 3CKa.n;pl1JIb5I (94- , nOt{ KOMaH-
l{OBaHMeM MaHopa l{IKoHa Xa<t><t>epa - O,l{HOrO 113 CTapbIX npet{-
CTaBl1TeJIeH 3CK3JJ.pl1JIbH "JIa<t>aHeT") Ii 95- 3CKMpHJIb5I KaI1I1-
TaHa j!JKeHMCa MHJIJIepa. 06a COe,Al1HeHM BMecre 6a311pOBa-
JII1Cb B BliJIbHeBe 11 BMeCTe nepeJIeTeJIH B 3nbe. HM O,l1l1H H3
rrl1JIOTOB 06eHx 3CKaJJ:pHJII1H He Mor npHIUlTb yqaCT115I B 60eBbIX
t{eHCTBH X M3-3a OTC)'TCTBIDI nYJIeMeTOB Ha a3ponJIaHax. cPaK-
TMQeCKl1, nliJIOTbI 95-H He 6bIJIlf t{aJKe 06YQeHbI 06palll.eHHIO C
CaMOJIeTHbIM BoopYJKeHlieM, XOT5I 11 rrp116bIJIH na <ppOHT He3a-
OJIrO t{0 Hac. q TO KaCaCTC5I 9 - H 3CK3JJ.p"JlbH, TO Hac HanpaBl1-
JIl1 B B03t{YWHYIO CTpeJIKOBYIO IlIKOJIY B Ka30 MeC QeM paHbllIe,
11 MbI 6bIJIIi rOTOBbI nonbITaTb CQaCTb.H B Hacr05IIUeM B03 YIlI-
HOM 6010. Ho Ha HalIIMX MallIl1I-1aX He 6blJI0 nYJIeMeToB!
4 anpeJlR - fepMaHCKl1e BOHCKa 18-H H 2-ti apMl1H npe,l1-
npHHl1MaIOT nOCJIeJtHIOIO OTQa51HHYIO nonbITKY 3axBaTl1Tb AMb-
eH, liO M 3Ta nonbITKa pa36HBaCTC.H 0 CTOHKoe COnpOTl1BJIeHl1e
<t>paHL{Y3cKHX BOHCK.
rHI-IJteH6ypr: COnpOTl1BJIeHlie Bpara CTaHOBMTC5I Bce Cl1JIb-
Hee H Cl1JIbHee, a HallIe t{Bl1JKeHl1e Bce Me,l1JIeHHee Ii Mel{JIeHHce.
I-Ian;e)KJ(bI Ha AMbeH t{OJI)KHbI paCCe5ITbC5I...
BeJIHKa.H 6HTBa BO cDpaHU;liH OKOHQella! .
TaK 3aKOHQHJIaCb HacTynaTeJIbH(UI onepaQl1 repMaHCKHX
BOWCK B I1HKapJtHl1, HaqaTCUI 21 MapTa.
566
A8uau,USl BeJlUKOU 80U1lbl
3Ta HacrynaTeJIhHasI OnepaQM.H, KOTOpa.H no 3aMhICJIY fep-
MaHCKOfO KOMaH,ltOBaHM.H ,ltOJIjKHa 6bIJIa 6bITh nO,UJJ;ep)f(aHa Ha-
cTynJIeHMeM Ha p. JIMC, CTaBHJIa cBoeM QeJIhlO BHaqane pa3rpo-
MMTb aHfJIMqaH, a 3aTeM - cppaHQY30B. fepMaHCKoe KOMaH,ltO-
BaHl1e paCCqMTbIBaJIO BHe3anHbIM y,ltapOM Ha yqaCTKe cppOHTa
npOT.HiKeHHOCTblO 70 KM npopBaTb aHfJII1HcKYIO 060POHY, ox-
BaTMTb npaBbIM cpJIaHf aHfJIHMCKOH apMI1M, HaHeCTI1 eH pellll1-
TeJIbHOe nopaiKeHMe H oT6poCHTb ee K no6epeiKblO.
OnepaQM.H npOBO,ltI1JIaCb CMJIaMM Tpex apMMH; fJIaBHbIH y,ltap
HaHOCMJIM 17 -.H M 2-R fepMaHCKMe apMHM, a BcnoMOfaTeJIbHhIH -
18-R. B nOJIoce HacT)'nJIeHI1.H fepMaHcKoe KOMaH,ltOBaHMe C03,lta-
u
JIO ,ltBOMHOe qMCJIeHHOe npeBOCXO,ltCTBO HaJ1 aHrJIMqaHaMI1.
B MTore onepaQMI1 fepMaHCKl1e BOHcKa, MMe.H Hal160JIhlllMH
ycnex Ha BcnOMOfaTeJIbHOM HanpaBJIeHMM, BKJIMHMJIMCb B pac-
fIOJIOiKeHl1e aHfJIHqaH Ha fJIy6HHY 65 KM. Ot{HaKo, 3a HeHMe-
u
HHeM pe3epBOB, pa3BMTb CTOJIb KpynHhIM ycnex fepMaHCKMM
BOHCKaM He Yl{aJIOCb. EOJIee Toro, HacTynJIeHHe fepMaHQeB
npMBeJIO K np.HMO npoTHBOnOJIO)KHbIM pe3YJIbTaTaM; Ha repMaH-
CKOM cppoHTe 06pa30BaJIC.H 60JIbllIOH MeIIIOK, B,ltaBJIeHHbIH B
CTOPOHY npOTHBHMKa.
Ol{HaKO B STOM: onepaUHM 6bIJIa Ot{Ha OqeHb BaiKHa5I CTOpO-
Ha. fepMaHCKoe HaCT)'nJIeHMe B nMKap,ltMH .HBMJIOCb nepBbIM
npHMepOM npHMeHeHM.H KpynHbIx CHJI aBMaUMM BO BpeMR Ha-
crynJIeHMR, nOJIHOCTblO OnpaB,ltaBIlIHM ce6H Ha HaqaJIbHOM STa-
nee IIOCJIe,ltYIOll!asI YTpaTa HHMl{MaTMBbI B B03,ltyxe, a COOTBeT-
CTBeHHO H nOTepH npeHMYll!eCTB B npOBe,lteHHM Ha3eMHbIX one-
paUHM, CB.H3aHa He TOJIbKO C Hel{OCTaTKOM CaMOJIeTOB.
OCHOBHbIMM He,ltOCTaTKaMH 60eBOfO npHMeHeHM.H fepMaH-
CKOH aBl1al{HH RBMJIHCb ee paBHOMepHoe pacnpe,lteJIeHHe no
u
apMHRM M OTCYTCTBHe B3aMMOl{eHCTBH.H MeiK,lty aBHal{MOHHbI-
MH qaCT$lMH COCe,ltHMx apMHH, HCKJIlOqaBllIee B03MOiKHOCTb
MaCCHpOBaHHOfO npHMeHeHH.H aBHal{110HHbIX CMJI.
5 anpeJlR - CHat.JaJIa .HnoHM5I, a 3aTeM H AHfJIH.H npHCTY-
fIRJIH K BbICal{Ke BOM:CK BO BJIa,ltMBOcToKe. Hat.JMHaeTCjI HHTep-
BeHl{H.H AHTaHTbI B COBeTcKYIO POCCI1IO.
Ha,lt eBponeMcKHMI1 nOJI.HMM cpaiKeHHH npoltOJI)KaeTC.H
ynopHoe npOTRBOCTOjlHHe aHfJIHHCKMX, cppaHUY3cKI1X H rep-
1918 lOa
567
MaHCKHX JIeTQHKOB. I1x 60eBbIe lteHCTBM.H, B OTJIHt.IMe OT na-
u
3eMHbIX BOHCK, He npeKpalI!aIOTC.H npaKTHlIeCKH liB Ha lteHb.
6 anpeJUl. - YlteT: 51 c6HBaIO elI!e o.n;Horo. "COnBMlI Ke-
MeJI", .H BbIXBaTHJI ero 113 CepeltMHbI BpIDKeCKoro CTpO.H. 3TO MO.H
.n;Ba.n;QaTb lIeTBepTCUI n06e,Aa. Kor.n;a .H npH3eMJHIIOCb, 60JIb Ta-
KaJI CMJIbHaR, lITO .H eJIe-eJIe MOry XO.n;MTb. PMXTrO<peH CTOMT Ha
JIeTHOM nOJIe H .H, cnOTbIKa.HCb H He OT.n;aBa.H eMY lIeCTb, 6peltY
MHMO Hero B CTOPOHY 6apaKOB...
Y Hac Ha aapo.n;pOMe TOJIbKO <peJIb.n;llIep. ,l(OKTOP HaM elUe
He nOJIOiKeH. C1>eJlb.n;IIIep - npH.HTHbIH, rpY3HOBaTbIH napeHb,
HO .H He 01IeHb BepIO B ero Me.n;HU;HHCKHe n03HaHH.H. OH TaK
KOBhIp.HeT B MOHX Ylliax CBOHMH HHCTpYMeHTaMH, lITO MIle Ha-
lIMHaeT Ka3aTbC.H, 6y.n;TO Oll pellIMJI npOCBepJIHTb MHe 'lepen.
- TaM BHyTPH Bce 3anOJIHeHO rHoeM, - npoM3HoCHT OB,
HaKoHeQ.
,n:Bepb OTKpbIBaeTcR H BXO.n;I1T KanMTaH:
- YlteT, lITO C T060H? - cnpalllHBaeT OH.
<I>eJIbltIIIep 06o.HCH.HeT. KanHTaH XJIOnaeT MeH.H no nJIelIY:
- rOTOBbC.H K nOe3ltKe Ha JIe\.IeHHe.
51npoTecTYIO:
- MOiKeT 6blTb, STO npOHlteT?
Ho OH npepbIBaeT MeHg:
- Tbl ye3iKaellib 3aBTpa. ,n:OMa npOH,AeT 6bICTpee...
HYiKHO npl1BbIKUYTb K TOMY <PaKTY, \.ITO ero 0,A06peHMe Bce-
r,Aa npOHCXO,AHT B CYXOM MaHepe, 6e3 MaJIeHIIICrO CJIe,Aa caHTW-
MeHTOB. OH CJIYiKMT OTelIecTBY BceMH <pH6paMH CBoeM t!YlllM M
O)KM,AaeT Toro iKe caMoro OT CBOI1X JIeTQWKOB. OH Cy.n;HT JIIOI(el i
no TOMY, lITO 11M YltaeTC.H ,AOCTHQb H TaKIKe, B03MO)KHO, no MX
TOBapl1lI!eCKHM Ka'leCTBaM. Toro, KTO onpaB,AblBaeT ero HaJ{e)K-
ltbI, OH BC.H\.IeCKH nOJU{epJKI1BaeT. Toro, KTO He MOiKeT fiX onpaB-
.n;aTb, OH OTtIHCJI.HeT, He MoprHYB rJIa30M. TOT, KTO lteMOHCTpW-
PyeT BO BpeMH BbIJIa3KH paBHOltyuIHe, .n;OJIIKeH nOKluiyrb rpyn-
ny - B TOT iKe caMbIH lteHb. KOHelIHO, PI1XTrocpeH eCT, nbeT H
cnMT, KaK JII060H M3 Hac. Ho OH ,AeJIaeT aTO TOJIbKO ltJIg Toro,
\{T06hI cpIDKaTbCg. Kor,Aa eCTb onaCHOCTb, lITO 3anaCbI e.n;bl no-
,AO yT K KOHQY, on nOCbIJIaeT BOlteHllIaTQa, CBoero 06paauoBo-
fO 3J('bIOTaHTa B TbIlI... lIT06bI TOT peKBM3HpoBaTI Bce, lITO Tpe6y-
568
A8ual1UR BeJlUKOU 80U1fbl
eTc .lJ:JHI 3TOrO CJIyqM BOLteHllIaTl.{ 6epeT C C060H KOJIJIeKl.{HIO
cpOTOrpacpHH PHXTrOcpeHa C ero aBTorpacpOM: "Ha naMHTb Moe-
MY YBIDKaeMOMY 60eBOMY TOBapHII(Y..." 3TH cpOTorpacpHH qpe3-
Bbl'laHHO BbICOKO l.{eHHTCH Y TbIJIOBbIX cHa6)KeHl.{eB.l!oMa, B Ka-
KOH-HH6YLtb nHBHOM, OHH cnoc06HbI BbI3BaTb nOqTHTeJIbHYIO
THIllHHY Y Bcex CMLt II(HX 3a CTOJIOM. A B rpynne PMxTrocpeHa
HHKOrLta He KOHqalOTCH 3anaCbI COCHCOK H Be'fqHHbl .
7 anpeJlR - I-IeMeUKHH l.{enneJIHH L-59 C6POCHJI 60M6y B
14 TbIC. CPYHTOB Ha HeanOJIb. I1orH6JIo 22 qeJIOBeKa.
YLteT: MHe TPYLtHO nOKMLtaTb MOIO HOBYIO 3CKaLtpMJIblO H
npepbIBaTb qepeLty ycneXOB. MaHcppeLt cpOH PHxTrocpeH TO)Ke
3TO 3HaeT, nOTOMY qTO MbI Bce B TOM HJIH HHOH CTeneIlH BepHM
B 3aKOH qepHo-6eJIoro, KOrLta nepHOLt YLtaq CMeHHeTCH HeYLta-
qaMH. Ha cJIeLtYlOmee YTPO OH caM BeLteT MeHH K LtBYXMeCTHO-
MY CaMOJIeTY. OH CTOHT Ha nOJIe H MaIlleT MHe BCJIeLt CPypaJK-
KOM. Ero 6eJIOKypbIe BOJIOCbI 6JIeCTHT Ha COJIHl.{e .
HACTYllJIEHME HEMIJ;EB BO <l>JIAH PMM
HA PEKE JIMC
rH,HLteH6ypr: «B rOLtOBmHHY 60JIbIllOrO KpH3Hca Y Appaca
BalliH BOHcKa, rOTOBble K 6010, CHHJIHCb co CBOHX 3a60JIoqeH-
I1blX n03HUHH Ha <ppoHTe JIHC OT ApMaHTbepa LtO JIa- Bacce...
I10Lt npMKpbITHeM orH HaIlleH apTHJIJIepHH H a3pOnJIaHOB...
MaJIeHbKMMH rpynnaMH H peLtKMMH KOJIOHHaMH nepeXOLtMJIH
n6poLt 60JIOTa, np06HpaJIHCb Me)K,l{Y rJIy60KHMM, 3arrOJIHeHHbI-
MH nOLtoti BopOHKaMH...
I10LtLtep)KKOH HOBoro YLtapa LtOJI)KHO 6bIJIO CJIY)KHTb YLtep-
)KaHHe aMbeHCKoro BbIcTyna, 06pa30BaBIllerocH B pe3YJIbTaTe
npeLtbILtYlI(ero HacrynJIeHH}I B IIHKapLtHH.
9 anpeJlR - Ha paCCBeTe BOHCKa 6-H repMaHcKoH apMHM
aTaKOBaJIH aHrJIHqan Ha 16-KM yqaCTKe cppoHTa Me)KLty ApMaH-
TbepOM H KaHaJIOM JIa- Dacce. I10CJIe nOJIY,l{HH YLtap 6bIJI pac-
rrpOCTpaHeH elI(e Ha HeCKOJIbKO KHJIOMeTpOB K ceBepy. B nep-
Bble LtHH HacTynJIeHHe repMaHueB pa3BHBaJIOCb ycnelllHO.
.I1cTpe6HTeJIbHaH rpynna «AHCTOB BHOBb nepeMeHHJIa
MeCTO CBoeH CTOHHKH, nepe6paBIlIHcb n06JIHJKe K I10BOMY oqa-
ry BoeHlIblX LteHCTBI1H. B O,l{HOM 113 naJIaTOK rpynnbI, KaK 06bIQ-
1918 lOa
569
HO, 6bIJI pa3MemeH pa3Be,n;OT,n;eJI (Bureau de renseignements);
Bce CTeHbI na.naTKH 6bIJIH YBelllaHbI pa3HOQBeTHbIMI1 KapTaMI1
11 BceB03MO)KHbIMI1 pacnOp lKeHI1 MI1. 3Ta na.naTKa npe,n;CTaB-
JI JIa C060H e,n;Ba JII1 He cep,n;Qe 3CKa,n;pI1JIbl1.
B na.naTKe pa3Be,n;OT,n;eJIa BI1CeJI, Hanpl1Mep, TaKOH npHKa3:
«0 BpeMeHI1 BbIJIeTa naTpy JIeH npe,n;n11CbIBaeTC TeJIecpOHH PO-
BaTb 3a 45 MI1HYT ,n;o Ha1.Ja.na BbIJ1eTa BO Bce Tpl1 ceKTopa; ceK-
Topa Ha,n;o 3anpOCI1Tb: I1MeIOT JII1 OHI1 CaMOJIeTbI B B03,n;yxc HJIH,
eCJII1 OHI1 TOJIbKO 1.JTO BbIJIeTeJ1l1, - TO B KOTOpOM I1MeHHO 1.Jacy,
C KaKI1M 3a,n:aHl1eM 11 Ha KaKOH BbICOTe OHI1 6y,n;YT ){eplKaTbC ...»
Bl1ceJIa TaK)I(e naM TKa .lI.JI JIeT1.JI1KOB, C611BllIHX B B03.n.yrn-
HOM 6010 CaMOJ1eT npOTI1BHI1Ka: «...1.JT06bI no6e,n;a 6bIJIa 3ape-
rl1CTpl1pOBaHa OcpI1QI1a.nbHO JIeT1.JI1KY He06xo,n;I1MO YKa3aTb:
1) T01.JHOe BpeM C6I1TI1 npOTI1BHI1Ka;
2) MecTo na,n;eHI1 c611Toro CaMOJIeTa 11J111 npoeKQl11O na-
,n;eHI1 CaMOJ1eTa Ha ,n;aHHYIO MeCTHOCTb;
3) YCJIOBI1 11 06cTaHoBKY C6MTI1 CaMOJIeTa;
4) Cl1cTeMY c6HToro CaMOJIeTa;
5) CaMOJIeTbI, 3aMe1.JeHHbIe BO BpeM B03,n;YIlIHoro 60 .
10 anpeJlR - Ha1.JaJIa HacTynJIeHl1e B nOJU(eplKKY 6-H ap-
MI1I1 4- repMaHCKaH apMI1 Ha 7 -KM ytIaCTKe cppoHTa OT Ap 1aH-
Tbepa.ll.O MeCCI1H. fepMaHQaM B OT.lI.eJIbHbIX MeCTax B nepBble )l(e
,n;HI1 HaCTYnJIeHI1 y,n;aeTC oT6poCHTb aHfJII11.JaH Ha 10 KM.
Ha nOMOmb aHr J1111.JaHaM cneWIIO nepe6pacbInaloTc cppaH-
QY3cKI1e ,n;I1BI131111.
PI1KeH6eKep: BHe3anHo npH6bIJIO BooPY)KeHl1e! BceB03-
MO)KHOe BeJII1KOJIeUHOe HOBeHbKoe CHap )KeHl1e 6YKBaJIbHO
nOCbInaJIOCb Ha Hac. I1HCTPYMeHTbI .lI.JI}I aJpOfIJIaHOB, TenJlbIe
KOCTIOMbI ,n;JI nMJIOTOB, LtonOJIHI1TeJ1bHbIe 3an1.JaCTI1 ,n;JI Ma-
IlII1H. 11 B 3TO )l(e BpeM rJIynbIx HOBI11.JKOB 113 95-H 3CKa,n;pl1-
JIbl1... OTnpaBI1J1M 06paTHO n lllKOJIY Ka30, Tor.ll.a Kal( CTapOI1
94-ti, 1136paHHOH cYLtb60M CTaTb JIY1.JIlIeH aMepl1KanCKOH 3CKa.n.-
pl1JIbei1 fIO 1.JI1CJIY n06e,n;, 6bIJ10 npl1Ka3aHO OCTaBI1Tb a3po,n;pOl\1
B 3nbe 11 nepeMeCTI1TbC Ha ceBepO-BOCTOK K TYJ1IO. 1 0 anpeJI
1918 ro,n;a MbI BbIJIeTeJII1 Ha HalllHX "HblOnopax"* K CTapOMY
a3po,n;poMY Ha BOCTOK OT Ty JI , KOTOpbIH YlKe 6bIJI nO.ll.rOTOB-
· 3CKaJlln1Jlb}l 0 3TO npCM}I 6blJla BOopY:>KClia .HbloliopaMH-2S..
570
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 60U1tbl
JIeH <ppaHnY3aMM. AMYHMIJ;MSI, KpOBaTM, nocY,lJ,a, MaCJIO, 6eH-
3MH M BCe 6eCtJMCJleHHbIe JIMtJHhIe npMHaMe:>KHOCTH aBl1aIJ;M-
OHHOrO JlarepSl CJle,lJ,OBaJIl1 3a HaMM Ha rpY30BMKax .
11 anpeJlR - PI1KeH6eKep: 4IIapy ,lJ,HeH MhI 6hIJlM 3aHSlThI
06YCTPOHCTBOM 11 M3YtJeHMeM KapThI Harnero ceKTopa. MhI Ha-
XO,lJ,HJIMCh B ,lJ,BYX MI1J1.HX K BOCTOKY OT TYJI.H - O,lJ,HOrO H3 Hal1-
60Jlee BIDKHhIX TpaHcnopTHhIX Y3J10B no 3TY CTOPOHY JlMHI1M
<ppoHTa, KOTOphIH Bpar npaKTl1tJeCKH e:>Ke,lJ,HeBHO nhITaJIC co-
KPYllIHTh npM nOMOII.{H aBMaIJ;HOHHhIX 60M6. MhI pacnoJIara-
JlHCh B HenOJlHhIX 18 MI1JI X OT JlI1HHH <ppoHTa nOCpe,lJ,H XOJl-
MI1CTOH MeCTHOCTM, nOKphITOM ryCThIMI1 JleCaMI1.
Kor,lJ,a MhI Y3HaJIl1, tJTO HallieH JlI06HMOH 3CK3,ltpl1J1he npe,lJ,-
Ha3HatJeHO CTaTh nepBhIM <pOpMMpoBaHHeM, CpaJKaIOLQHMC 3a
AMepHKY, Bonpoc 0 HallieM 0603HaqeHMH 11 COOTBeTCTBYIOLQHX
OII03HaBaTeJlhHbIX 3HaKax npM06peJl nepBOCTeneHHoe 3Haqe-
Hl1e. Bo BpeMSI npe6hIBaHH.H B TYJle, MhI 3aHMMaJIHCh nOKpac-
KOM HallIl1X MallIHH B KpacHhIH, 6eJlhIH M CI1HI1H IJ;BeTa rocY,ltap-
cTBeHHoM rrpI1Ha,lJ,Jle)KHOcTM* 11 HaHeCeHl1eM JlHQHhIX 3M6J1eM,
tIT06bI HallIl1 CaMOJleThI 6bIJlM nOJlHOCThIO rOTOBhI K rrepBOMY
60eBoMY BhIJIery. 11 TYT MhI pellIMJlI1 063aBecTMch OT JIHQMTeJIh-
HhIM 3HaKOM HallieH 3CKa,npl1J1hH I
MaHop Xa<p<pep npeJUlO)KMJI11306paJKeHMe 3Be3 HO-nOJIOca-
Toro UK7IMH,lJ,pa M,ltIOIIIKI1 C3Ma. A Ham O<pMuep Me,lJ,HUHHCKOH
CJIY)K6hl - JIeHTeHaHT YOJlTepc 113 11 M'ITc6ypra, llITaT IIeHCI1JIh-
BaHI1 , nOJ(HSlJI BceM HaCTpoeHMe, rrpHltYMaB "UMJlI1HJ.J:P-B-KOJIb-
ue". Bce 3TO 6hIJlO HeMeJUleHHO npI1H TO H Ha CJIe,lJ,YIOLQHH JJ;eHh
11306paJKeHO JleHTeHaHTOM L{)KOHOM BeHTBOpTOM M3 QI1Karo, QTO-
6hI BCKOpe YBeHQaTb CI1MBOJlbI ,lJ,ep3KOro BhI30Ba, HaneceHHhIe na
60pTax Hallll1X MallIMH. TaKI1M 06Pa30M, Ty JIh CTaJI CBI1JJ;eTeJleM
pO:>K,lJ,eHMSI nepBOH aMepHKaHCKOH HCTpe6HTeJIbHOHOCKa.ztpI1JIhl1.
I1MeHHo C 3Toro a3pO,lJ,pOMa 3a noc.ne,lJ,YIOLQMe 30 J(Hei1 $I COBep-
lllH.71 BhIJleThI, B KOTOphIX o,ltep:>Ka.7I rrepBhIe IDITh no6e,lJ, .
12 anpeJlR - B HOtIh 2 HeMeUKHX CaMOJIeTa 60M6MJlI1 lla-
pM:>K; <PpaHUY3CKl1e 3eHHTQl1KH BhlrrYCTI1J1M 1268 CHap ,lJ,OB H
He ,lJ,06HJlI1Ch ycnexa.
· CaMOJICTbl aMcpHKallcKHx BBC IIOCHJI" )palll(Y3cKHC Ol1031130aTCJJbllbiC
3I1aKH.
1918 lOa
571
13 anpeJlR - PHKeH6eKep: BeqepOM MhI 6hlJIH 06pa,noBa-
HhI nOSlBJIeHHeM Ha HOBOM ,nOCKe onepaTHBHoM HHcpopMau.MH
nepBoro 60eBoro npMKaJa OT KOMaH,nMpa aMepHKaHcKoM 3CKa,n-
pHJ1bM aMepMKaHCKHM nHJIOTaM. CKynhIMM cppa3aMM OH co06-
IUaJI, qTO KanMTaH IIeTepcoH, JIeMTenaHT PM,n QeM6epc M JIeM-
TeHaHT PHKeH6eKep BhIJIeTaIOT Ha naTpYJIHpOBaHMe Hal( JlHHH-
eM <ppoHTa B llIeCTb qaCOB YTpa CJIe,nYlomero ,nHSI. llOJIeT Ha
BhICOTe 16000 CPYTOB, 30Ha naTpYJ1MpOBaHMSI OT lloHT-a-Myc-
COHa,no CeH-MHHeJ1SI, B03BpameHMe B BoceMh qaCOB. B03rJIa-
BMTb naTpYJ1b npe,nCTOSlJIO KanMTaHY lleTepcoHY.
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1918 lOa
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6pOCMTh B3rJI.SI.n; B CTOPOHY repMaHMM, .H ,n:eHCTBMTeJlI)HO YBH-
/LeJI TOllKY. r-[aM, Ha BhICOTe npM6JIM3HTeJIhHO paBHOH MoeH,
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lKaIom:I1MCH CaMOJIeTOM. 51 JKe 6YKBaJIbHO BuerrHJIC B XOJIJla.
raHC HeYKJIOHHO C6JIHlKaJIC , He rrOJl.03peBasI 0 rp03 m:eH orrac-
nOCTH, TaK KaK MbI rrOJIHOCTbIO HaXO,ltI1JIHCb Ha <pone COJIHua.
C rrepBbIM JKe rrHKe MallIMHbI ,l!lKMMMI1, OKa3aJIC pH,n:OM.
MbI pacrrOJIaraJIl1 npeHMym:eCTBOM rro BbICOTe HaJJ: rrpOTHBI-II1-
KOM rro KpaMHeH Mepe B TbIC t.JY <PYTOB, 11 Hac 6bIJIO ,n:Boe na
o,n:lIoro. OH Mor YMTI1 OT Hac B rrI1Kl1pOBaHHI1, TaK KaK "IIcpaJIbU"
npCBOCXOl-leH B STOM MaHeBpe, B TO BpeM KaK HallIl1 60JIee CKO-
1918 lOa
577
pono,n:'beMHbIe "HblOnOpbI" 06JIa,n:aJII1 Ma.n:eHbKOM 3a6aBI-IOM
npHBbPIKOM H36aBJI TbC.H OT 06llIHBKM KpbIJIbeB npH CJIHIIlKOM
HeHCTOBOM HbIp.HHHH Qepe3 B03,lJ,YX. lllaHcoB y,n:paTb Y 60rna
He 6bIJIO. Ero e,n:HHCTBeHHbIM cnaCCHHCM MOrJIO CTaTb nHl(l1-
pOBaHHe K CBoeH TeppHTOpHI1.
Bce 3TH MbICJIH npOHeCJIHCb B MoeM C03HaHHl1 no,n:06HO
BcnbIIIlKe, H MrHOBeHHO onpe,n:eJIHJI ,n:JI ce6 TaKTl1KY npe,n:-
CTO Il{erO 60 . IIOKa JJ;JKHMMH 3axo,n:HT B aTaKY, , coxpaH HI
BbICOTY, 6y,n:y t(epJKaTbC C ,n:pyroM CTOpOHbI "IIcpaJIbua", OTpe-
3a.H raHCY nYTb K oTcTynJIeHHIO. II peJK,n:e, tleM H3MeHI1JI KYpC,
repMaHCKHH nHJIOT 3aMeTHJI, KaK BbIXOJKY H3 JIytlei1: COJIHQa.
XOJIJI Haxo,n:HJlC nOtlTH B nOJIOBHHe paCCTO HH ,n:o Hero, Kor-
,n:a TOT 3a,n:pan: HOC H CTan: 6eIIleHO Ha6HpaTb BbICOTY. 51 npony-
CTHJI ero 11 OKa3aJIC C ,n:pyroH CTOpOHbI KaK pa3 B TOT MOMeHT,
Kor,n;a XOJIJI OTKpblJl orOHb. He ,n;YMalO, tITO 60rn Bo06Il{e 3aMe-
THJI "HblOnop" XOJIJIa.
Y,n:HBJIeHHbIH nO BJleHHeM HOBoro conepHHKa np MO no
KYPCY, nHJlOT "IIcpaJIbQa" MrHOBeHHO OTKa3aJIC OT Ht(eH BB -
3bIBaTbC C HHM B 60M H, 3an:OJKHB npaBbIM BHpaJK, HanpaBl1JI-
C Ll.OMOH, B TOtlHOCTH KaK H OJKH,n:an:. B MrHOBeHHe OKa .H
nOBHC y Hero Ha XBOCTe. CHHJKaeMC Ha nOJIHOM ra3Y. XOJIJI
npH6JIHJKaeTC r,n:e-TO C3a,n:H MeH . OT CTpaxa 60IIl ,n:aJKe He
nbITaeTC MaHeBpHpOBaTb. OH y6eraeT, KaK nepenyraHHbIH
KpOJlHK, no,n:06HO TOMY, KaK .H y6eran: COBceM He,l{aBHO. C K3.)I(-
,l{bIM MrHOBeHHeM .H npH6J1HJKa1OCb K HeMY, npOtlHO y,n:epJKH-
Basi npHI.{eJIbI Ha MeCTe nHJIOTa.
Ha paCCTO HHH 150-TH p,lJ,OB HaJKHMaIO raIIleTKH. Tpac-
CHpYIOIl{He nYJIH npOT rHBaIOT OfHeHHYIO nOJIOcy K XBOCTY
"IIcpaJIbua". CJlerKa no,n:HHMalO HOC a3pOnJlaHa, 3a KOTOpbIM,
CJIOBHO CTPY.H BOLl.bI 113 ca,n;OBoro IIlJIaHra no,n:HHMaeTC H Of-
HeHHbIM pOCqepK. EIl{e HeMHoro - H OIl YTbIKaeTC B Ka6HHY
nHJIOTa. "II<paJIbu" pe3KO MeH eT KYpC: ero PYJIH 60JIec He yn-
paBJI IOTC PYKOM tIeJIOBeKa. C BbICOTbI 2000 CPYTOB Ha,n: n0311-
U:H MH npoTHBHHKa COBeprnaIO 6c3paccy,n:Hoe nHKHpOBaHHe,
Ha6J1Io,n:a51 3a nOJIeTOM BpaJKeCKOH MalllHHbI. CJIerKa BHpaJK-
nYB BJIeBO, "I1cpaJIbu" HeKOTopoe BpeM.H pa3Bopa4HBaeTC B
IOiKliOM HarrpaBJlCHHH, a eIl{C QCPC3 MI1HYTY Bpe3aeTC B 3eM-
20 ABHaUlul BeJlHKOM BOHHbI
578
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80UHbl
nIO np.SlMO Ha OKpaMHe neca B Mline OT nMHMM <ppOHTa Ha CBoeM
TeppMTOpHM. 51 c6Mn CBOH nepBbIH BptoKeCKMM: asponnaH, He
6y,n:YQM caM ,n:aJKe 06cTpeJHIHI
...KaJK,ltbIH 113 Hac 6bIn npe.l1CTaBneH K HarpaJK,n:eHHIO Bo-
eHHbIM KpecToM C na..nbMoBoH BeTBbIO (Croix de Guerre), qTO
M 6bIJIO 0,n:06peHo HallIMM npaBMTeJIbCTBOM. * Ho B TO BpeM.H
o<pMl.{epbI apMMI1 CiliA He liMenM npaBa npMHMMaTb Harpa,n:bI
MHOCTpaHHbIX npaBMTenbCTB, n03TOMY l.{epeMOHM.SI HarpIDK,ne-
HHH npOIliJIa 6e3 Hac. Harpa,n;bI yJJ;OCTOMJIMCb KanMTaH Xonn 1'1
SI, B CBH3M C TeM, tITO, COrJIaCHO <ppaHQY3CKHM npaBHJIaM, OT-
Meqa..nMCb 06a nI1JIOTa, o,n:epJKaBllIMe rpynnOBYIO n06e.zty .
30 anpeJUl - 3anepIlIHnacb HacTynaTeJIbHaH onepa:QMjI rep-
MaHCKHX BOMCK BO <1>naH,npHH. IIocJIe 14-,n:HeBHoH ynopHoM
60pb6bI repMaHCKMe BOHcKa CTpeMHTeJIbHbIM llIT)'pMOM OBJIa-
,n;enM ropoM KeMMeJIb. ,l{eHcTBMSI llIT)'pMOBOM aBMal.{HH npH npo-
pbIne 060POHbI npOTMBHHKa CTaHOBSITCH TaKOM JKe eCTeCTBeH-
HOM M Heo6xo,n:HMOM Be bIO, KaK M apTHnnepHMcKIDI no,n:rOTOBKa.
fepMaHH: ECJlM HYJKHO 6bIJIO B n03Ml.{MOHHOM BOMHe BbI6-
u u
pOCHTb npOTHBHMKa H3 OKonOB neXOTHOH aTaKOM, TO JJ;nSI CJIOM-
neHMH ero conpOTHBneHMSI OKa3aJIaCb e e He,n:OCTaTO\{1I0H
npeJJ;BapHTenbHa.H apTMnnepHMCKaSI no,n:rOTOBKa. B MOMeHT
llIT)'pMa He XBaTaJIO ,n:eMopa..nM3YIO MX JJ;eHCTBHM. STOT npo-
6eJl M BocnonHHnH llIT)'pMOBbIe caMOneTbI... HI13KO, e,n:Ba Ha
50 M Han; 3eMJIeH, npOHOCHnHCb neTlIHKH BnepeJJ;M aTaKYIOIl.{HX
u
H, ,n:eHCTBYH nyneMeTHbIM orHeM M pytIHbIMM rpaHaTaMH, 3ac-
TaBnSInH npOTMBHHKa YKpbIBaTbCH B ero OKonax. IIOBOpa\{M-
BaSI 3aTeM 06paTHO, OHM C HeocJIa6eBaIOlUMM ynopcTBOM npo-
,n:onJKaJIH CBOM Hanan;eHMjI HeCKonbKO pa3...
TaK MOJIHMeHOCHO 3anepllIMncSI llIrypM BbICOTbI KeMMeJIb .
O,n;HaKO npoHMKHyrb ,n:o 60JIee BIDKHbIX B CTpaTerMtIeCKOM
OTHOllIeHHM KeCCeJIbCKHX BbICOT repMaHQaM He y,n:aJIOCb. B
pe3ynbTaTe HacTynJIeHHSI Ha p. JIMC, repMaHCKHe BOMCKa nona-
· 311aLjOK lIaJlbMOOOH OCTOI1 IIC 6blJI IICOTI MJlCMbIM aTpJ16YTOM <ppaIl1lY3-
CKoro Boclilloro KpccTa. Ero IIpHKpCIIJUIJIH K OPJlCIICKO i JICIITC B 311aK 110-
oToplloro lIarpaJKJlCIlI1 3TI1M 0pJlCIiOM. 11110rJla KOJll1l1CCTBO 411a.rlbM IIPC-
BbllllaJIO JlCC TOK. B03MO)K1I0, 4>paIlUY3cKOC IIpaBHTCJlbCTBO, BPYLfHA PHKCII-
6CKCPY kpCCT C .lIaJlbMoi,h., XOTCJIO TaKHM o6pa30M 1I0JlLjCpKIlYTh, lIaCKOJlh-
KO 0110 IlClIl1T aaCJlyrH aMcpHKallcKHx aOHaTopoB.
1918 zod
579
JIH B TaKoe )ICe TH)KeJIOe nOJIO)ICeHMe, KaK M nOt( AMbeHOM. 06-
pa30BaBlIIHHcH HOBhIn MelIlOK Ha Xa3e6PYK HHqerO KpoMe onac-
u
HOCTM JJ;JIH repMaHCKHX BOMCK He npet(CTaBJIHJI.
MAtt
B aTOM MeC II,{e aHrJIHqaHe BbICa,nI1JII1 CBOR ,lteCaHT B Myp-
MaHCKe no,lt npeJJ;JIOrOM 3all.(MTbI ceBepa OT repMaHCKoro BTOp-
)KeHHH.
3 MaR - <1>paHI.{Y3bI ynopHo npOJJ;OJI)KaIOT pa3pymaTh CTpa-
TerM'IeCKHe nYHKThI repMaHCKMX BOHCK. C6polIleHo ,ltBe 60M-
6hI Ha CTaHI.1MIO B THOHBI1JIe H OJJ;Ha 6oM6a Ha CeBepHhIH BOK-
3a.n:; O,ltHH qeJlOBeK norH6, CTaHI.{HH pa3pYlIleHa, nOBpeIK,l{eHO
HeCKOJlhKO BarOHOB.
6 MaR - PMKeH6eKep: B nOHe,lteJlhHHK 6 MaR 1918 rO,l(a
MOHOTOHHOCTh ell.(e OJJ;Horo ",l{pHHHOro" JlH 6hIJla npepnaHa
npH6hITMeM Ha Hall aapO,ltpOM CTapbIX TOBapHll.(en 113 95-ti ac-
KMpHJIbH, HaXO,l{MBlIIMXCH BMeCTe C naMH B 3nbe. OHI1 TOJIbKO
\lTO 3aBeplIlHJIM CTpeJlKOBOe 06Y\leHHe B Ka30 H Tenepb 6hIJlH
rOTOBbI K 60JIhlllOM BOHHe. C aToro ,ltH H ,lt0 KOHl.{a BOHHhI ac-
Kan;pHJlhH 94 H 95 pacnOJlaraJIl1Ch Ha OJJ;HOM aapO,ltpOMe. HI1-
KaKaH JJ;pyrCUI napa aMepHKaHCKHX aCKan;pHJlMM BO <1>paHIJ.HH
,ltIDKe He CpaBHHJlaCh C HHMM no KOJIMqeCTBY B03JJ;YIJlHhIX no-
6eJJ; 11 qaCOB, npOBe,lteHHhIX Han; JlMHHeM <ppOHTa.
,95-H aCKan;pHJlhH npeHMYll.(eCTBeHHO COCTO.HJIa M3 TaKoro iKe
MaTepMaJla, \lTO H MO . ,l(JKOH MHT'IeJIJI 113 DOCTOHa, Teneph Ka-
nHTaH aCKa.n:pl1J1hH, OKOHtIHJI IllKOJIY <1>a", CB. MapKa H fapBap.n:.
KOeHTI1H PY3BeJIhT 6hIJI OJJ;HHM M3 BHOBh Ha3Ha\leHHbIX
nHJlOTOB 95-". KaK rrpHnHcaHHhIH COCTaB, TaK H JJ;PY3hH-nMJlO-
ThI HamJlM, \lTO KBeHT nOJlara.nc CKopee Ha c06cTBeHHhle Ha-
BhIKH, qeM Ha perryral.{HIO CBoero H3BeCTHoro oTu,a, 11 MOJKHO
CKa3aTb, \lTO KBeHT PY30eJlhT 6bIJI 060JKaeM aCKa..n:pHJlheH. q TO-
6hI nOKa33Th CTpeMJleHMe KBeHTHHa K tIeCTHOCTI1 M 6e3YKOp113-
HeHHOCTI1, H MOry OTKphITh MaJIeHbKYIO TaMHY, KOTOPYIO - oc-
TaHhCH KBeHTI1H B )KHBhIX - npO,l{OJDKaJI 6hI xpaHHTh.
Ero KOMaHJJ;Hp - BepOHTHO not( OrreqaTJIellHeM Toro, tITO
I(BeHTMH 6hIJI ChIHOM Teo,ltopa PY30eJIhTa - Ha3Ua\lHJI 1I0BHt.{-
580
Aeuau,UR BeJlUKOU eOU1lbl
Ka KOMaH,l{l-ipOM nOJleTOB ,lt0 Toro, KaK TOT COBepmHJI XOTH 6bI
O,ltHH BbIJleT K JlHHHH <ppOHTa. KBeHTHH npeKpaCHO OC03HaBaJI,
qTO ero PYKOBO,ltCTBO MOiKeT nOCTaBHTb no,lt yrp03Y JKH3HH
JlIO,lteM, CJle,ltYIOIl{HX 3a HHM. COOTBeTCTBeHHO, OH OTKJIOHHJI
JleCTHOe npe,ltJIOiKeHHe. Ho BbIllieCTOHIUee HaqaJIbCTBO 3aCTa-
BI1JIO ero nO,ltqHHI1TbC npHKa3Y H 3aHHTb COOTBeTCTBYIOIl{YIO
J10JlJKHOCTb. TIO,lt ero Ha1.JaJIO 6bIJlO OT,ltaHO TpHO nHJlOTOB, KaiK-
JJ:bIM 113 KOTOpbIX liMeJl 3Haql1TeJlbHO 60JlbIIII1M: onbIT 60eBbIX
BbIJIeTOB, qeM KBeHTHH. KpOMe Toro, 6bIJI ?T,l{aH npl1Ka3 0 BbI-
JleTe Ha nepBoe naTpYJlHpOBaHHe KpbIJla JleMTeHaHTa PY3BeJlb-
Ta cpa3Y CJle,ltYIOIl{I1M YTpOM.
KBeHTI1H C06paJI nHJlOTOB BMeCTe.
- TIoCJIYIIIaMTe, pe6HTa, KTO H3 Bac COBepIIIHJI Ha1160Jlb-
mee qHCJlO BbIJleTOB K JlHHHH <ppOHTa? TbI, KepTHC?
KepTHC nOKaqaJI rOJlOBOM H OTBeTHJI:
- . DaKJlH HJlH DY<POp,lt - Jl1060M:113 HHX BH,lteJI n060JlbIIIe,
qeM ,ltOBeJlOCb MHe.
KBeHTHH or JlH,lteJI Bcex H npHHHJI peIIIeHl1e:
- qTO JK, KaiK,ltbIM: H3 Bac BH,lteJl 60JlbIIIe, qeM HI 3aBTpa
YTPOM TbI, DaKJIH, 6Y,ltellib KOMMaH,ltepOM BMeCTO MeHH. KaK
TOJlbKO MbI B3J1eTHM, KOMaH,ltOBaHHe B03bMellib TbI. 51 3aMMY
TBoe MeCTO. MbI nonp06yeM KaJK,l{OrO no Oqepe,ltH. <DOpMaJlb-
HO OHH MOryT C,lteJlaTb MeHH KOMaH,ltHpOM, HO <paKTHqeCKH JIH-
,ltl1pOBaTb rpynny 6y,lteT JlyqIIIHM nHJlOT.
BnJlOTb,ltO Toro ,ltHH, KOr,l{a OH naJI CMepTblO xpa6pbIX, KBeH-
THH PY3BeJlbT np0J10JliKaJI JleTaTb no,lt KOMaH,ltOBaHHeM O,ltHO-
ro H3 ero nHJlOTOB. CaM OH HHKOf,lta He JlH,l{HpOBaJl KpbIJlO.
CaMHep CblOaJlJl H3 fapBap,lta, DI1J1J1 TaM:Jlop, nOrn611IHM:
n03JKe B 6010, CTapHHa XeMHH XeHJJ:pHKc, KOTOpbIM: n03)Ke no-
naJI B repMaHCKMM: nJleH, nOJlyqHB B 6010 ,lteCHTb paHeHHM:, H
eIl{e ,lt06paJI ,ltIOJKHHa He3aypH,l{HbIX JlI11.JHOCTeM: COCTaBJlHJla
95-10 aCKan;pHJlblO, - c06paHHe, paBHoro KOTOPOMY He 6bIJlO B
Ml1pe - 3a HCKJllOqeHHeM MOeM: 94-M: .
7 MaR - PHKeH6eKep: OKOJlO BOCbMH qaCOB YTpa TeJle-
cpOHHbIM 3BOHOK <ppaHI.{Y30B nO,l{HHJI Hac no TpeBore. qeTbIpe
BpaiKeCKHX aapOnJlaHa JleTeJlH Han; I1oHT-a-MycCOHOM B IOJK-
HOM HanpaBJleHHH.l{iKHMMH XOJlJl, 3MH fpHH H H 3arrpbIrHY-
1918 lOa
581
JIM B MallIMHbI M C BOJlHeHMeM Ha6JIIO,ltaJIM, KaK MeXaHHKM pac-
KpyqHBaJIM npOneJlJlepbI...
XOJleHbIM: MOTOp 3aXO,n:MTC peBOM C rrepBOrO 060pOTa...
MrHOBeHMe CrrYCT TpM MallIMHbI OTpbIBaIOT BpaIl(alOIl(HeC
KOJleCa OT 3eMJlM M HarrpaBJlgIOTCg K MaJIeHbKOMY ropo,n:y ITOHT-
a-MYCCOH Ha M03eJIe.
Kor,n:a g B3rJl HYJI BHM3 M 06HapYJK JI no,n: co60M: KpbIlliM
llOHT-a-MycCOHa, MOM: aJlbTMMeTp rrOKa3bIBaJI BbICOTY 12 000
<PYTOB. B r Jly6MHe repMaHcKHx rr03MUMM: B He6e HI1KOrO He
6bIJlO, rr03TOMY 06paTMJI rrpMCTaJIbHbIM: B3rJI5I,n: Ha BOCTOK rro
HarrpaBJIeHMIO K CeH-MMM:eJIIO. VI3BMJlHCTa51 peKa 6eJKaJIa pac-
rrJlbIBqaTOM: JlMHMeM: BOKpyr XOJlMOB 6JIH3 CeH-MHM:eJIg 11, Ha-
KOHeu, MCqe3aJIa B,n:aJIM y Bep,n:eHa. 51 paCCMOTpeJl MeCTHOCTb
1106J1HJKe H MrHOBeHHO pa3JIM\.II1J1 ,n:BHJKYI.UYIOC5I TeHb B ,l{BYX
I1JIM Tpex MMJl5IX BrJly6b HallIeH TeppHTOpl1H B OKpeCTHOCT5IX
BOMOHa, Ha nOJlOBI1He paCCTOgHH ,n:o Cen- MHHeJI5I. BOT 11
60llI - 3TO YBHJ1eJI C nepBoro B3rJl5l,l{a; ,n:ByxMecTHHK, 5lBHO
KoppeKTHpYIOI.UHM apTI1JIJIepl1MCKHM orOHb raHCOB rrpOTI1B Ka-
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Jlb5lMH, qTo6bI rrpOHH<popMl1pOBaTb 0 MoeM OTKpbITMM KOMrra-
HbOHOB, 11 KaK TOJlbKO c,n:eJlaJI 3TO, YBH,n:eJI, qTO "HblOrrop"
,l{iKMMMM XOJlJla BbIrrOJIH5IeT TaKOM: JKe MaHeBp. Hallia TpOM:Ka
BMeCTe YCTpeMMJlaCb B aTaKY.
KaK TOJIbKO MbI npM6JIM311JIMCb K HallIeM: 6eCne\.lHOM: JKepT-
Be, g 3aMeTHJI B3pbIB CHap ,n:a HeMeUKoro "ApqM", HO He B03J1e
ce6g, a n06J1H30CTI1 OT MX MallIHHbI. CHap5l,n:bI raHCOB o6paJo-
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HMKOB, ,n:JI KOTOpbIX 6bIJI xapaKTepeH 6eJlbIM ,n:bIM. j{ByxMecT-
HbIM: "Anb6aTpoc" MfHOBeHHO paJBepHYJlC5I M CTaJI CHHJKaTbC
B CTOPOHY fepMaHMM.
Qepe3 MrHOBeHMe eIl(e TPH HeMeQKMX CHap ,n:a paJOpBaJIMCb
nepe,n: oTcTyrralOIl(MM ,n:BYXMeCTHHKOM. VI 3TM Tpl1 paapbIBa Ha-
XO,n:MJlMCb npH6JII13HTeJlbHO Ha HameM BbICOTe. 3TO 6bIJI 3apa-
Hee YCJlOBJleHHbIM MeTO,n: 06Il{eHM , KOTOpbIM apTR1IJIepHCTbI
Ha 3eMJle rro,n:,n:epJKHBaJlI1 CBg3b C a3pOrrJlaHOM BbICOKO Hal{
HMMM. OHH COo6Il(aJIM "Anb6aTpocy", qTO Tpl1 HamHX 6bICT-
pbIX HCTpe6MTeJlH npM6J1MiKaIOTC C BOCTOKa, M ,n:bIMaMH PaJ-
582
A8Uau,Wl BeJlUKOU 60U:Hbl
u
pbIBOB OHI1 YKa3bIBaJIl1 T01.J:HYIO BbICOTY, Ha KOTOpOI1 MbI JleTe-
JII1. MHoro pa3 MHe ,lJ;OBO,lJ;I1JIOCb Ha6JIIO,lJ;aTb aT)' YJJ:I1BI1TeJIb-
HYIO Cl1rHaJIbHYIO cpa60TaHHOCTb Me)l(,lJ;Y 3eHI1T'IHKaMM M He-
MeUKI1MI1 aapOnJIaHaMI1...
51 nOBepHYJI rOJIOBY 11 orJI.H,lJ;eJIC.SI B nOI1CKaX Bpa)l(eCKI1X
a3pOnJIaHOB, np"BJIeQeHHbIX 3TI1MM Cl1rHaJIaMM. C3a,lJ;11 no Ha-
npaBJIeHI1IO K TIoHT-a- MYCCOHY .H 3a.MeTI1JI 1.J:TO-TO B He6e. BrJI.H-
,lJ;eBIIII1Cb rrpl1CTaJIbHee, .H nOH.HJI, 1.J:TO MOM nO,lJ;03peHI1.H nO,lJ;TBep-
,lJ;I1JII1Cb. qeTbIpe I1CTpe6I1TeJI.H "TIcpaJIbQ" rHaJIHCb 3a HaMM,
CTpeM.HCb no ,lJ;l1arOHaJIl1 nepeCe1.J:b HaM KYPC 11 OTpe3aTb n)'Tb K
oTcTynJIeHI1IO...
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YXO.l{HTb Bce ,lJ;aJIbllIe 11 .l{aJIbllIe BrJIy6b HeMeQKMX n03I1QI1M:... OH
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"IIcpaJIbQeB". CeKYH,lJ;Y.H KOJIe6aJIc.H, a 3aTeM "nO,lJ;pe3aJI" ,l{)KI1M-
MI1I1 BHOBb npOCl1rHaJIMJI. BY,lJ;yql1 B nOJIHOM: YBepeHHOCTI1, 1.J:TO
Tenepb OH YBMJ1eJI rpynny 6011Iei1, KOTOpaH HaXO,lJ;HJIaCb YiKe He
60JIee, QeM B MI1JIe OT Hac, .H BbIllieJI H3 Bl1pIDKa 11 CBaJII1JIC.H B
aTaKY. C TaKMM qeJIOBeKOM, KaK KanMTaH XOJIJI, MeH.H He CTpa-
1lII1JI I1CXOJ1 CXBaTKI1. Ero MallII1Ha CJIe,lJ;OBaJIa no lliITaM.
BOCnOJIb30BaBllII1Cb npeBbIllIeHl1eM no BbICOTe, MbI 6bICT-
po Ha6paJII1 CKOpOCTb, KOTOpaH n03BOJIMJla 3aH.HTb OqeHb BbI-
rO,lJ;HYIO n0311QI1IO. 51 BbI6paJI3a.l{HI1M: "ITcpaJIbI.1", HaMepTBO 3ar-
HaJI ero B npl1QeJIbI M npMrOTOBI1JIC.H OTKpbITb orOHb. Mo.H QeJIb
,lJ;axe He ,lJ;pOrHY JIa, nOKa ,lJ;I1CTaHQI1.H MeiK,lJ;Y HaMM COKpaIl{aJIaCb.
Ha paCCTO.HHI1I1 200 .Hp,lJ;OB .H HaiKaJI rallieTKI1 11 YBI1,lJ;eJI, KaK
TpaccMpYIOIl{l1e nYJII1 YCTpeMI1JII1Cb K KpblJIb.HM "TIcpaJIbQa".
MoM: ny.."IeMeT HenpepbIBHo CTpeJI.HJI, nOKa .H He nOJJ:06paJIC.H K
"TIcpaJIbQY" Ha 50 .Hp,lJ;OB. 3aTeM BpaxeCKaH MalliMHa nepeBep-
HY JIaCb 11 ynaJIa B lliTonop. 51 He peIlIMJIC.H CJIe,lJ;OBaTb 3a HeM, H
HaqaJI Ha611paTb BbICOTY, npaKTl1qeCKI1 CTaB Ha XBOCT; B TaKOM
nOJIOiKeHMM .H 6bICTpO oCMOTpeJIC.H.
Moe" nepBoH MbICJIbIO 6bIJIO TO, 1.fTO B rOp.HqKe norOHM 3a
iKepTBOH OJ1MH 113 ee KOMnaHbOHOB Mor 3aM:TI1 MHe B XBOCT. C
neJII11.J:aM:IIIMM 06JIerqeHHeM .H YBH):(eJI, qTO n03aLJ;11 HHKoro HeT.
Ho He 60JIee, qeM B COTHe .Hp,lJ;OB cnpaBa .H 3aMeTI1JI Kpyro CHH-
iKaIOInI1MC.H "Hblonop", a 3a ero XBOCTOM nl1Kl1pOnaJI "II<t>a.nbI.1",
1918 lOa
583
nOJIHB(ljI OrneM <pI03eJIg)K H Ka6HHY aMepHKaHCKOH MaIlIHHbI.
IToKa 51 Ha6JIIO,l(aJI 3a 3THM CMepTeJIbHbIM npeCJIe,l(OBaHMeM, pac-
KJIa,l( HeO)KH,l(aHHO M3MeHHJIC5I. XOJIJI... Ka3aJIOCb, YCTaB OT MO-
HOTOHHOCTH, 6bICTpO "BbIJJ:epHYJI" MalliHHY, H, OnMCaB nOJIHYIO
neTJIIO, BbIllIeJI H3 Hee B TOT MOMeHT, KOr,l(a "llcpaJIbU" npOXO,l(HJI
no,n: HHM. CHryaI..U1g nepeMeHllJIaCb B MrHOBeHHe OKa, M Tcnepb
Y)Ke "HbIOnop" CTaJI nOJIHBaTb JIeTRI.l{YIO Bnepe,n:ll MalllHHY 601lla.
50111 ynaJI, M R, cnllKHpoBaB, npOJIeTeJI MHMO n06e,n:oHoc-
Horo ,l{)KHMMH XOJIJIa. npe,n:cTaBbTe, KaKOBO 6bIJIO MOe y,n:MB-
JIeHlle, Kor,n:a 51 06HapY)KHJI He XOJIJIa, a rpllHa, rJIR,n:51IUero Ha
MeHg H3 Ka6HHbI! 11 60JIbllIe HH o,n:nOH MalliHHbI B He6e. qTO
MOrJIO CJIyqHTbCg C ,l{)KHMMH XOJIJIOM?
TaK PHKeH6eKep o,n:ep)KaJI BTOpYIO CBOIO n06e,n:y, HO no,n:-
TBep)KJ!eHa OHa 6bIJIa JIMllib nOCJIe BOHHbI, Kor,n:a XOJIJI, C6H-
TbIH B TOM )Ke 6010 M OKa3aBI11HHC5I B nJIeHY, co06nU'IJI 0 CMepTH
JIeHTeHaHTa BHJIbreJIbMa Illepepa 113 3aXBaTI1BllIerO ero 64-ro
KOpOJIeBCKOro BIOpTeM6yprcKoro IIITacpcpeJIR.
PHKeH6eKep: .H He B CHJIaX onHcaTb pa.n;OCTb, KOTOpyIO
MCnbITaJIa 3CKa,l(pMJIb51 OKOJIO Mec u:a cnYCT , Kor,n:a MbI nOJIY-
qllJIH nHCbMO OT ,l!)KMMMll XOJIJIa JIHqHO. OH nHCa.n H3 rocnll-
TaJIg B repMaHHH, r,n:e OH JIejl(aJI CO CJIOMaHHOH JIO,n:bI)KKOH. OH
He 6bIJI c6HT B 6010, KaK MbI npe,l(nOJIaraJIH, a BBeJI "HblOnop" B
CJIHllIKOM rJIy60Koe H 6blcTpoe nllKe, 11 cJIa6a.SI KOHCTPYKIJ;HR
KpbIJIa pa3PYllIHJIaCb B nOJIeTe; 11 Kor,l(a OH nOqTH ,n:OCTHr 3eM-
JIH, eMY y,n:a.nOCb BblpOBH5ITb a3pOnJIan. ABapHIO ,l{)KHMMH ne-
pe)KllJI, OT,n:eJIaBIIII1Cb nOJIOMaHHOH JIO,n:bDKKOH. OH Ha.n;eRJIC5I
nOJIHOCTblO BbI3,n:opOBeTb 3a nOCJIe,n:YIOIUHe ,n:Be He,n:eJIH .
9 MaR - <DOHK C6HJI ,n:ByxMecTHbIH CaMOJleT H ,n:Ba HCTpe-
6HTeJI5I 3a 45 ceKYH,n:, a BeqepOM o,n:ep)KaJI eine O,n:HY, TpeTbIO 3a
OJU1H ,n:eHb n06eAY.
10 MaR - ITorM6 O,n:HH li3 OITbITHeHIIIHx aMepHKaIlCKI1X
llHJIOTOB MaHop JIacp6epH.
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Xacpcpep, OKOJIO ,n:eCRTH qaCOB npOTHB03eHllTHble opY,l(I1 Ha
BepllIHHe ropbI MHHeJIb HaqaJIH H3BepraTb orpOMHbIe KJIy6bI
.l(bIMa Ha 60JIbIIIYfO BbICOTY. B 3CKa,n:pHJIbIO He3aMeJ{JIllTeJIbHO
nocTynI1JIO TpeBO)KHOe coo6rueHHe 0 TOM, tITO K HaM JIeTHT ne-
584
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MeUKMH <l>oTopa3 Be,lJ;1.fM K, M K TOMY MOMeHTY OH HaXO,lJ;MJIC$I
npaKTM1.feCKM T01.fHO H3J( HallIMM a3pO,lJ;pOMOM.
E,lJ;MHCTBeHHbIM rOTOBbIM K BbIJIeT)' nMJIOTOM OKa3aJIC$I JIeH-
TeHaHT )l(IOM,lJ;... TIpaKTM1.feCKM Cpa3Y:>Ke JIeHTeHaHT )l(IOM,lJ; 6po-
CMJIC$I B aTaKY.
OH OTKpbIJI OrOHb C HeBepO$lTHO 60JIbllIOH MCTaHUMM M
npO,lJ;OJIJKaJI 06CTpeJI ,lJ;0 TeX nop, nOKa He M3paCXO,lJ;OBaJI BeCb
60eKOMnJIeKT, He npM1J:MHMB ,lJ;BYXMeCTHOMY "AJIb6aTpocy"
CKOJIbKO-HH6Y,lJ;b 3aMeTHbIX nOBpeJK,lJ;eHMH. Kor a BpaJKeCKMH
a3pOnJIaH HanpaBMJIC$I ,lJ;OMOti, 3a ,lJ;eJIO npMHgJIMCb 6aTapeM
"Ap1J:M", HaXO,lJ;MBIIIMeC$I no coce CTBY. OHM 6YKBaJIbHO BbICT-
pOHJIM CTeHY IlIKBaJIbHOrO 3arpa MTeJIbHOrO OrH$I, "YKYTaB" B
Hero O,lJ;MHOKOro onnOHeHTa co Bcex CTOpOH. Ho Bce 6e3 TOJIKY.
"AJIb6aTpOC" HeYKJIOHHO oTcTynaJI B HanpaBJIeHMM HaHcM,
nOTMXOHbKY Ha6MpaSI BbICOTY.
TeM BpeMeHeM MaHOp JIa<l>6epM, HaXO,lJ;MBIIIMMCg P$l,lJ;OM C
Ka3apMaMI1 M Ha6JIIO aBllIMti 3a XO,lJ;OM 60$1, BCK01.fMJI Ha MOTO-
UMKJI M nOM1J:aJICg K aHrapaM. Ero c06cTBeHHbIH aapOnJIaH 6bIJI
HeMcnpaBeH. Ha nOJIe HaXO,lJ;MJIC$I Pyroti "HbIOnop". MalilMHa
npMH3J(JIeJKaJIa JIetiTeHaHTY ,l!3BMCY. MexaHMK nO,lJ;TBep,lJ;MJI nOJI-
HYIO rOTOBHOCTb annapaTa, nOCJIe 1.fero JIacp6epH 6e3 JIMIllHMX
CJIOB BnpblrHYJI B MallIMHY M, He Tep$l$l HM ceKYH,lJ;bI, B3JIeTeJI.
XOT.H Ha C1.feT)' MaHopa Y)Ke MMeJIOCb MHO)KeCTBO n06e,lJ;, eMY
e e He ,lJ;OBeJIOCb C6MTb XOTb O,lJ;MH BpIDKecKMti a3pOnJIaH Ban.
HallieH TeppMTopMeH. Bce ceMHa.zJ;QaTb npe,lJ;bI,lJ;Y MX n06e B
COCTaBe 3CK3J(pMJIbM "JIa<l>atieT", a TaK)Ke M nOCJIe,lJ;HMe, KOr,lJ;a
OH BblJIeTeJI OTOMCTMTb 3a j{JKMMMM XOJIJIa, - Bce OHM 6bIJIH
3aBoeBaHbI 3a JIMHHeti <l>poHTa... JIacp6epM BCTynMJI B 60ti ,lJ;IDKe
He npOBepHB, B KaKOM COCTO$lHMM HaXO MJIMCb nYJIeMeTbI ero
MaIlIMHbI, a M Bo06Il(e HM1J:erO He 3HaSI 06 oc06eHHOCTgX nOBe-
,lI,eHM.SI nMJIOTMpyeMoro MM annapaTa...
Kor,lJ;a npOIlIJIO OKOJIO n$lTI1 MMHYT nOCJIe B3JIeTa, OH no -
H$lJIC$I Ha 2000 cpyrOB M OKa3aJIC$I He,lJ;aJIeKO OT "AJIb6aTpoca" B
llIeCTM MMJI$lX OT aapO,lJ;pOMa. CBM,lJ;eTeJI$lMM nepBoH aTaKM CTa-
JIM Bce, KTO HaXO,lJ;MJIC$I Ha nOJIe.
ATaKOBaB npOTMBHMKa, JIacp BblnYCTHJI neCKOJIbKO KOPOT-
KI1X 01.Jepe,lJ;eti. 3aTeM OR pe3KO oTBepny JI B CTOPOHY: Bep0$lT-
1918 lOa
585
no, eMY npMlliJIOCb nOB03MTbCR C nYJIeMeTaMM, KOTopbIe, noxo-
jKe, 3aKJIMHHJIO. Eme O,ltHH Kpyr HaJt MX rOJIOBaMM - M HeHcn-
paBHOCTb YCTpaHeHa. OH CHOBa Ha6paCbIBaeTCR C3a.zU1 Ha Bpa-
ra, KaK B,l1Pyr MaIlIHHY CTapMHbI JIa<j:>a OXBaTbIBaeT 6yrnYIOIltee
nJIaMR. OHa npOCKaKMBaeT MMMO "AJIb6aTpOca" M eme B Te1.Ie-
HMe Tpex MJIM qeTbIpex ceKYH,l1 JIeTMT npRMo. 3aTeM lIIOKHpO-
BaHHbIe Ha6JIIOJJ.aTeJIM BM,l1 T, KaK B 6e3paccY,l1HOM npbI)KKe 113
orHeHHoro rOpHMJIa n051BJIReTCR <j:>Mrypa MX ,l106JIeCTHOro re-
pORe JIa<j:>6epM npe,ltn01.feJI BbI6pOCJ1TbCR naBCTpellY BepHOM
rM6eJIH, lleM nO,l1BepraTbCR Me,l1JIeHHOM nbITKe npeBpaIlteHH51 B
yrJIH. Ero TeJIO ynano B CM B03JIe KpeCTbRHCKOrO OMa, B Ma-
JIeHbKOM nOCeJIeHHM CTpOrO Ha CeBep OT HaHcM...
MHe npMnOMMHaeTCR pa3rOBOp, KOTOphIH np0J130IlIeJI y Hac
C MaHopOM JIacp6epH Ha npe,l1MeT IIO)Kapa B B03,l1yxe He3a,l10JI-
ro ,l10 3Toro TparH'IeCKOrO CJIytJasI. 51 cnpOCJ1JI JIacpa, tJTO OH
npe,l1npHMeT B TaKHX 06CTORTeJIbCTBax - BbIIIpbIrHeT I1JII1 OC-
TaHeTC C MarnI1HOH? Bce MbI OTHOCMJIHCb K onbITY Matiopa
JIa<j:>a C 6e3rpaHMqHbIM YBa)KeHl1eM H IIOTOMY nO,ZI;aJII1Cb Bne-
pe,ZI;, tIT06bI YCJIbIIIIaTb ero OTBeT. "B JII060M CJIYllae, R npe,[(-
n01.ITY OCTaTbC.H C MaIlIMHOH, - OTBeTHJI JIa<j:>. - BbInpblrnyn,
BbI TOllHO He OCTaBHTe ce6e HMKaKHX lllaHCOB. KpOMe Toro, Bce-
r,l1a eCTb B03MOJKHOCTb nonbITaTbCR TaK CKOJIb3HYTb MaIlll1HOH
Ha KpbIJIO, tJTO BbI CMOJKeTe C6l1Tb orOHb C ce651 H C KpbIJIbeB.
B03MO)KHO, BaM ,ltIDKe y,l1aCTCR I10raCMTb nJIaM5I ,l10 Toro, KaK
BbI ,[(OCTHrHeTe 3eMJIH. TaKoe y)Ke CJIYllaJIOCb. TaK tJTO R 3a TO,
QT06bI OCTaBaTbCR co CTapOH nOB03KoH B JII060M cJIYllael"
KanHTaH ,l{e Po,n, KOMaH,[(oBaBllIJ1H coce,[(HeH CPpaHUY3CKOH
3CKa,ZI;pI1JIbeM, nOBCTpeqaJI Hac H paCCKa3aJI, tJTO O,[(MH H3 ero
nHJIOTOB - cpaKTHqeCKM, ac COe,l1HHeHHR - CTaJI CBH,l1eTeJIeM
CMepTH JIa<j:>6epM H HeMe,l1JIeHHO HatJaJI npeCJIe,ZI;OBaHHe "AJlb-
6aTpoca", tIT06bI OTOMCTMTb 3a aMepHKaHCKoro aBHaTopa. B
nepBoti)Ke aTaKe OH nOJIytJMJI nYJIIO np51MO B cep,l1L{e M KaMHeM
PYXHYJI BHI13. Ero MalllHHa pa3611JIaCb B MHJIe HJII1 ,lI.BYX OT Toro
MeCTa, r,[(e ynan JIacp6epH. O,[(HaKO, B KOHue KOHUOB, HeMeu-
KHH a3pOnJIaH 6bIJI C6MT orHeM ,l1pyroro <j:>paHUY3CKoro caMO-
JIeTa 11 CBaJII1JIC$I B MHJIe OT JIMHMH <j:>pOHTa Ha HarneH Teppl1TO-
pHM, a IIMJIOT H Ha6JIIO]laTeJIb nOI1aJIH B nJIeH.
586
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qTO KaCaeTCSI ,l(yra K3Mn6eJlJla;TO BCKOpe MbI Y3HaJIM, tlTO
OH TO)Ke nOJJ;HSlJlCSI B B03,nyX, )KeJlaJI OTOMCTMTb 3a CMepTb JIa<p-
6epM. q lC CnYCTSI OH BepHYJlCR M ,nOJlO:>KMJI 0 TOM, 1J:TO "AJIb-
6aTpOC" y,naJIMJICSI CJIHIllKOM ,naJIeKO H nYCKaTbCSI 3a HHM B no-
fOHIO 6tCCMbICJIeHHO, HO Han; DOMOHOM OH BCTynl1JI B 60H C
JJ;BYXMeCTHbIM "PYMnJIepOM" M nOCJIe O)KeCT01J:eHHOH CXBaTKH
y6MJI KOpMOBOfO CTpeJIKa, a nMJIOTa paHMJI. MaIllMHa yrraJIa Ha
HallIeH TeppMTopHM, a 06a ee KpbIJIa OTOpBaJIMCb BO BpeMSI CTpe-
MHTeJIbHOrO 6ecnopSl,n01J:HOfO nan;eHHSI.
C,nep)KaHHO npHHRB n03,npaBJIeHMSI, ,l{YfJIaC 3aBepHJI Hac,
1J:TO 3TOT "PYMnJIep" - JIMllIb nepBbIH M3 TOfO MHOiKeCTBa an-
napaTOB, KOTOpbIMM raHcaM npM.l(eTCSI 3anJIaTMTb 3a rM6eJIb
PaYJIR JIa<l>6epM. 11 ,l{yrJIac K3Mn6eJIJI c,nep)KaJI CBoe CJIOBol
11 MaR - C 3TOfO ,nHSI M ,nO caMoro OKOHtlaHIDI BOHHbI e)Ke,L(-
HeBHO Han; BO,L(HbIM npOCTpaHCTBOM Be,nyr ,n030p, BbIHCKMBaJI
IIOJJ;BO,L(HbIe JIO,nKI1, 300 aHfJIMHCKMX fHJtpOCaMOJIeTOB, 189 ca-
MOJIeTOB H ,L(MpM)Ka6JIeH. 3a 3TOT CpOK JIeT1.lMKaMH 6bIJIO 06Ha-
pY)KeHO 192 no,nBo,nHbIX JIO,L(KH, aTaKOBaHO 130, nOTOllJIeHO 4,
Cepbe3HO nOBpeJKJ(eHO 6, JIefKO nOBpeJKJ(eHO 20 M B 120 CJI)"la.HX
JIeT1.lMKaM y,naJIOCb ,n06MTbCSI yxo,na nOJJ;Bo,nHbIX JIOJJ;OK.
16 MaR - B H01J:b 30 HeMeQKMX CaMOJIeTOB OTnpaBHJIHCb
Ha 60M6ap,L(HpoBKY <I>paHLtHM; cppaHQY3cKHe 3eHI1Tt{I1KI1 BbI-
nycTHJIH 1196 CHapSl,nOB 6e3pe3YJIbTaTHo.
17 MaR - PMKeH6eKepy e.l(Ba Y,L(aJIOCb 3aCTaBMTb CBOH
HbIOnop COBepllIMTb y,na1J:HYIO nocatJ;KY nOCJIe TOfO, KaK OTO-
pBaJIaCb 06llII1BKa BepxHefo KpbIJIa.
PMKeH6eKep: YTpOM op,nHHapeu BblfHaJI MeHSI M3 nOCTe-
JIH pOBHO B qeTbIpe 1J:aca, B COOTBeTCTBI1H C npI1Ka3aHI1RMH,
KOTopbIe SI OT,L(aJI eMY npOllIJIOH H01J:bIO. 51 nOCJIaJI op,nI1Hapua
B KOMHaTY PM,na, 1J:T06bI OH nO,L(HSlJI Hero.
, Qepe3 nSlTHa,L(uaTb MMHyr SI M PH,n 06CY)K,L(a.n11 3a 1J:allIKOH
Ko<pe HaIllY MaJIeHbKYIO cxeMY YTpeHHefO peH,na. MbI nJIaHH-
pOBaJIH no,nHSlTbC B B03JJ;YX ,no paCCBeTa H 3aHSlTb BbICOTY BHe
BHJJ:MMOCTM M CJIbIllIHMOCTM faHCOB ,no Toro, KaK OHM BbI6epyr-
CSI H3 nOCTeJIeH. OKOJIa1J:HBaRCb B,nOJlb HX nepe,nOBOH, MbI Ha-
,L(eSlJIHCb nepeXBaTHTb KaKYIO-HH6y,nb OT,neJIbHYIO MallIHHY, ne-
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1918 lOa
587
HbIM: nJIaH. HenOH.HTHO, nOqeMY HHKTO He ,ltO,ltYMaJIC.H .no aToro
paHbme.
51 HanpaBHJIC.H K Meuy. TaM ,ltOJIjf(eH 6bITb XOpOIlIHH: KJIeB.
B 25 MHJI.HX OT JIHHHH <ppoHTa, KpOMe 3HaMeHI1TOH: KpenOCTH,
naXO,ltHJIC.H O,ltHH H3 JIyqmHX HeMeUKHX aapo.npOMOB...
3HaMeHI1TbIe YKpenJIeHH.H BCKope JIejf(aJIH no,lt KpbIJIb.HMI1
MOeM: MaIlIHHbI... XOT.H $I 11 HallIeJI Meu 01.J:apOBaTeJIbHbIM, HO
Bce jf(e Ha KaKoe-TO MrHOBeHHe nOjf(aJIeJI, 1.fTO He ynpaBJI.HIO
60M6ap,ltHpOBIl{HKOM, C KOToporo MO)KHO 6bIJIO 6bI C6POCHTb B
MHOrOJIIO,ltHble JIarep.H BHH3Y HeCKOJIbKO CYBeHHpOB. BHe BC.H-
Koro COMHeHH.H, B Meue paCnOJIOjf(HJIHCb COTHH TbIC.Hq COJI,ltaT
H MHO)l(eCTBO BbICOKHX qHHOB, TaK KaK 6e30naCHbIM: MaJIeHb-
KHM: ropo,lt HBJI.HJIC.H BopOTaMH Mejf(,ltY repMaHHeH H JIHHl1eM:
<ppOHTa no Me3Y. C TaKOM: BbICOTbI MOM: nYJIeMeT He Mor npH-
qHHHTb HHKaKoro Bpe,lta. C COjf(aJIeHl1eM $I OnHCaJI npOlUaJIb-
HbIM: Kpyr 11 B3 JI KYpC ,ltOMOH, CHH3HBlllHCb B ,ltOJIHHY M03eJI.H.
HH O,ltHH aapOnJIaH orrY,lta ,lta)Ke He C06HpaJIC nO,ltHHMaTbC.H B
B03,ltYX.
Ho Bce )Ke B TO YTPO Y MeHH OCTaBaJIC.H elUe O,ltHH llIaHC
,ltOCTaTb 60ma. 51 3HaJI, tITO MO:>KHO 06HaPY)KHTb B03,ltYlllHYIO
aKTHBHOCTb Han; O,ltHHM aapO,ltpOMOM no aTY CTOPOHY OT Tb.H-
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raTeJIeM B ,ltBan;QaTH MHJIHX 3a JIHHHeM: <ppoHTa 3aCTaBHJIa MeH.H
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3a MaJIeHbKHM ropoJJ;KoM. TaM .HBHO npOMCXO,ltHJIO 1.fTO-TO, a
u u
Kor.na.H npOnJIbIBaJI Han; aTOM nJIOIl{an;KOH, TO 3aMeTHJI TPH rpa-
UH03HbIX "Anb6aTpoca", nO,ltHHMalOIl{HXC.H B B03,ltYX O)1HH 3a
,ltPyrHM. CY,lt.H no HX KYpCY, OHH HanpaBJI.HJIHCb 3a JIHHHIO <pPOH-
Ta, Ha6l1pa.H BbICOry no Mepe npO,ltBH)KeHHH B IO)KHOM HanpaB-
JIeHHH. 51 nOCTapaJIC.H 6bITb KaK MOjf(HO 60JIee He3aMeTHbIM,
nOKa nOCJIe,ltHHH H3 Tpex CaMOJIeTOB He OKa3aJIC.H ,ltaJIeKO Bne-
pe,ltH MefHI. 3aTeM BepHY JIC.H Ha npe)KHHM: KYpC H CTaJI nOCTe-
neHHO COKpall.{aTb ,ltHCTaHQHIO Mejf(,ltY HaMH.
588
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80U1lbl
K TOMY BpeMeHH, KOr,lta MbI l(OCTHrJIH MOHCeKa - 3TOM:
3HaMeHHTOW rOpbI K ceBepy OT CeH-MHMeJI5I - MeH5I 11 MOIO
HeO)Kl1)taHHYIO ,lt06blqy paa,lteJUIJIO OKOJIO 3000 CPYTOB. MHe TaK
XOTeJIOCb, qT06bI npOTHBHHK OKa3aJIC5I Han: Haml1MI1 n03I1UH5I-
MH npe)K,lte, qeM 51 aTaKYIO ero, qTO 51 COBceM n03a6bIJI 0 TOM,
qTO Tenepb npe,ltCTaBJI5IIO npeKpaCHYIO Ml1meHb l(JI5I HeMeuKI1X
"AptJl1". l!Ba BHe3anHbIX pa3pbIBa np5lMO rrepel( MoeH Mallll1-
HOH YKa3aJIl1 MHe Ha omH6KY. He TpaT5I BpeMeHI1 Ha BbHICHe-
HHe Toro, nOnaJIH B MeH5I I1JII1 HeT, , npH3BaB BCIO CBOIO l(ep-
30CTb, 6poCI1JIc5I B OTBeCHoe rrl1Ke Ha 3aMbIKaIOIl(I1H "AJIb6a-
TpOC". O,l{HHOtJHbIM: qepHbIM pa3pbIB, nOCJIaHHbIM: 6aTapeei1
CHI13Y, 3aCTaBI1JI repMaHcKHx aBHaTopoB OrJI5IHYTbC5I. 113 3TO-
ro ceKTopa OHI1 HI1KaK He O)KI1,ltaJIl1 Hana]teHI151.
Korl(a HX Bel(OMbIH 3aJIO)KI1JI nepBbIM: Bl1pa:>K, HaXOl(MJICR
Y)Ke MeHee, tJeM B 200 51p,ltax OT nOCJIel(HerO "ATIb6aTpoca". 51
HeCC5I BHI13 B 6ellIeHHoM TeMne, He 06paIl(aH BHI1MaHI151 HI1 Ha
tJTO, KpOMe L{eJII1 Brrepe,ltl1. "HblOrrop" JIeTeJI CO CKOpOCTblO He
MeHbme 200 MHJIb B tJac. He 06paIl(aH BHI1MaUI151 Ha crrl1l(o-
MeTp, 51 ,ltep)KaJI HOC CaMOJIeTa HarrpaBJIeHHbIM B XBOCT "AJIb-
6aTpoca", KOTOpbIM, B CBOIO OtJepel(b, rreperneJI B pe3Koe CHI1-
)KeHHe, qT06bI yi1TI1 H3-nOl( Y,ltapa. C l(I1CTaHUI1I1 OKOJIO SO 5IP-
,ltOB 51 Mor BH,l(eTb, KaK 51pKl1e TpaCCbI nYJIb npOml1BaIOT Crrl1HKY
KpeCJIa nHJIOTa. 51 BeJI orOHb, HaBepHoe, ueJIbIX l(eC5ITb ceKYHl(.
I1cnyraHHbIM 60m l(onYCTHJI Oml16KY TOr,lta, KOrl(a pernHJI cna-
CaTbC5I nI1KMpOBaHl1eM, BMeCTO Toro, tJT06bI I1CrrOJIb30BaTb Ma-
HeBp. 3a 3T)' OrrJIOllIHOCTb OH 3arrJIaTI1JI )KH3HblO...
51 HecKOJIbKO YBJIeKC5I H3JII1lllHe CKOpOCTHbIM crrYCKOM. KaK
TOJIbKO BpaJKeCKHH a3pOnJIaH nOTep5lJI ynpaBJIeHl1e 11 rrepemeJI
B 6ecnOPMOtJHoe rrat1eHl1e, 51 npI1T5IHYJI PYtJKY K KpeCJIY 11 Ha-
qaJI CTpeMHTeJIbHbIM nO,l{'beM. ITeqaJIbHO M3BeCTHaH CJIa60CTb
KOHCTpYKIJ.MH "HbIOrropa" 6bICTpO HanOMHHJIa 0 ce6e. )KYTKI1M:
TpeCK, OT03BaBmI1HC5I B MOHX ymax, KaK 3BYK Tpy6bI, B03Be-
maIOmeM CTpamHbIH CY,lt, 03HaqaJI, qTO BHe3anHaR neperpY3Ka
paapYlllHJIa npaBoe KpbIJIO. 06mHBKa BepXHero KpbIJIa 6bIJIa
ueJIHKOM COpBaHa HanopOM B03,ltyxa H HCqe3JIa n03at1M. JIHmen-
HbIM nOJU{ep)KKH c aTOM CTOpOHbI, "HblOnop" CTaJI pa3BOpatIl1-
BaTbC5I HarrpaBo. XBOCT 3aL(HpaJIC5I BBepx, HecMoTp51 Ha Bce MOI1
1918 lOa
589
CTapaHH.SI, - YJ(ep)l(aTb ero C nOMOll.{blO PYlJ:KH ynpaBJIeHH.H 11
PYJI.SI. OH CTaJI BparuaTbC.SI nOHalIaJIY MeJ(JleHHO, a 3aTeM Bce
6bICTpee H 6bICTpee. Bce 60JlbIlle H 60JIbIlle CTaHOBHJlaCb CKO-
pOCTb HaIllero naJ(eHH.SI. 51 nona.n B IllTonop, a C TaKHMM no-
Bpe)KJ(eHH.SIMH, KaK Y MoeM MaIlIHHbI, BbIHTH H3 Hero He npeJ(-
CTaBJI.SIJlOCb B03MO)KHbIM...
11, XOT.SI 51 nOCTO.SlHHO 3KcrrepHMeHTHpOBaJI C PYJleM, Pyq-
KOH ynpaBJleHH.SI H J(a)Ke nepeMeIlteHHeM Beca co6CTBeHBoro
TeJla, MHe COBepIlleHHO He YJ(aBaJlOCb nOBJIH5ITb J(a)Ke B MaJIeH-
IlleH Mepe Ha BpaIlteHHe a3pOnJlaHa... 51 Mor pa3rJl5l)1eTb JlIOJ(ei1
Ha J(opore nepeJ( JlHHHeH rpY30BHKOB. Ilo6J1eJ(HeBIllHe, OHH
npHCTaJIbHO rJl.SlJ(eJlH B MOIO CTOPOHY. MbICJleHHO OHH YIKe nOl(-
6HpaJIH CYBeHHpbI H3 06J10MKOB MaIllHHbI H Moero TeJIa.
BbIJIa He 6bIJIa - .SI J(aJI nOJIHbIH ra3J L{onOJIHHTeJIbHOe YC-
KopeHHe, KOTopoe J(aJI BHOBb 3anYIlteHHbIH J(BH)KOK, OKa3aJIOCb
J(OCTaTOlIHbIM J(JI5I Toro, lITo6bI CT05lBllIHH nepneHl{HKY JI.SIpHO
XBOCT 3aH.SIJI ropH30HTaJIbHOe nOJIO)KeHHe npe)KJ(e, lIeM .SI CMor
OC03HaTb lITO-JIH6o. 51 MrHOBeHHO CXBaTHJIC.SI 3a ,lI:IKOHCTHK H
nepeJIO)KHJI PYJIb HanpaBJIeHH.SI. Tenepb nponeJIJIep T.SIHYJI Ma-
IllHHY BnepeJ(. TOJIbKO 6bI OHa CMOrJIa npOJ(ep)KaTbC.SI TaK n.Sl-
TOK MHHYT, TorJ(a 51 CMOry nepeT.SIHYTb qepe3 TpaHIlleH...
Hau; caMOH JIHHHeH <ppOHTa.Sl CKOJIb3HYJI BHH3 M Tenepb Ha-
XOJ(HJIC5I Ha BbICOTe TbIC.SIlIH <PYTOB. 1136eIKaB onaCHOCTH npH-
3eMJIeHH.SI Ha HeMeQKOH TeppHTopHH H npHMeHHB HeCKOJIbKO
MaJIeHbKHX XHTpOCTeH, .SI BbI)KaJI H3 nOBpeIKJ(eHHoro CaMOJIeTa
eIlte O,lI:HO YCHJIHe. Bnepe,lI:H BHJ(HeJIHCb KpbIIllH pO,lI:HbIX aHra-
pOB. C MOTOpOM, pa60TalOIltHM Ha rrOJIHbIX 060POTax, MaIllHHa
CKOJIb3HYJIa no aHrapy cTapoH 94-11 H nJIIOXHYJIaCb Ha nOJIe .
18 MaR - 33 aHrJIHHCKHX CaMOJIeTa 60M6HJIH KeJIbH; no-
rH6JIo 110 lIeJIOBeK.
B HOlIb 3 repMaHCKHX CaMOJIeTa OTI1paBHJIHCb 60M6HTb
<DpaHQHIO, OJ(HH H3 HHX npOJIeTaJI Hau; TIapHIKeM; <ppaHQY3-
CKHe 3eHHTlIHKH BbInYCTHJIH 99 CHap5l,lI:OB H He J(06HJIHCb
ycnexa.
19 MaR - B HOlIb 3 CaMOJIeTa THna R, 18 - 4rOTa M 2 THna
C (AEr C.4) cOBepIllHJIH rpyrrnOBOI1 HaJIeT Ha JIOH,lI:OH. BbIJIO
c6poIlleHo 3200 Kr 60M6.
590
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80UHbl
27 MaB - COI03HHKH CHOBa 60M6HJlH THOHBHJlb - Ba)K-
RbIH )KeJle3HOAOpO:>KHbIH Y3eJl B TpHAltaTH MWIjlX K ceBepy OT
Mel.{a. Ha 3TOT pa3 60M6apAHpoBaHHe npOH3BO)tHJla rpyrrna
BpHTaHcKHx )tBYXMeCTHbIX J1e- XSBHJleHJ10B. C )tBHraTeJljlMH
JIH6epTH.; K3)KJtCUI TaKaJI MallIHHa 6bIJIa crroc06Ha rro)tHHMaTb
)to TOHHbI 60M6. HeKoTopble H3 3THX 6oM6ap)tHpOBOqHbIX 3C-
u
Kan;pHJIHH HaXO)tHJlHCb Ha a3po)tpOMe Bcero B HeCKOJlbKHX MH-
JIjlX K IOry OT 6aabI aMepHKaHCKHX HCTpe6HTeJIeH. I1cTpe6HTe-
JIH 3CKaJ{pHJIHH UHJlHH)tP-B-KOJlbl.te. qaCTO BCTpeqa.nHCb Han;
JlliIHHeH <ppoHTa C B03BpamaIOIUHMHCjI C 3an;aHH5I 60M6oB03aMH.
PHKeH6eKep: JIeHTeHaHT K3Mrr6eJlJl 3aMeTHJI, qTO O)tHH
H3 6pHTaHcKHx CaMOJleTOB OTCTaJI OT OCHOBHOH rpyrrrrbI nOqTH
Ha MHJlIO BO BpeM5I ee B03BpalUeHH5I H3 peitna. I1cTpe6HTeJlH
He COnpOBO:>K)taJIH 60M60B03bI, H, qT06bI OT6HTb B03MO)KHble
aTaKH, HM npHXO)tHJIOCb rrOJlaraTbC5I Ha nJlOTHOCTb CTp05l. Oqe-
BH)tHO, y OTCTaBIIIeH MallIHHbI rrpHKJIIOt{HJlHCb HerrOJlaJ{KH B
)1B, HraTeJle H rrOTOMY OHa He MOrJIa HaXO)tHTbC5I Ha HY)KHOH
BbICOTe, a OTCTaBaJIa OT rpynnbI Bce 60JlbIIIe H 60JIbIIIe. CHTya-
UHIO ycyry6J151J10 elUe H TO, qTO KaK pa3 B 3TOT MOMeHT ee aTa-
KOBaJIH O)tHOBpeMeHHO TPH HCTpe6HTeJI5I "ITcpaJIbU".
i!yr 6pOCHJlC5I Ha rrOMOIUb 6e3 KOJle6aHHH.
BbICTpOHB KYpC TaKHM 06pa30M, tITO COJIHue Ha BOCTOKe
OKaaa.nOCb y Hero 3a crrHHOH, K3Mrr6eJlJI OrrHcaJI )tJIHHHbIH, HO
v
CTpeMHTeJIbHbIH Kpyr, B pe3YJlbTaTe tIero OH He3aMeTHO rrpHCTpo-
HJIC5I B XBOCT BpIDKeCKOH rpynrre. i!yr rrOHMa.n B rrpHlteJl 6J1H-
)KaHIIIHM "ITcpa.nbU" H MaCTepCKH C6HJI ero, rrpaKTHqeCKH rrep-
BOH OtIepe)tblO. j!OBepHYB a3pOfIJIaH Ha )tBa )tpyrHx "II<paJIbua",
OH CTaJI CBHperro nOCbIJIaTb B HMX Oqepeltb 3a OtIepe)tblO. 06e
MaIIIHHbI paaBepHYJlHCb H YCTpeMHJIHCb B crraCHTeJlbHOe rrI1KC.
IT P0)tOJl)KHB rrpeCJIeJ(OBaHHe raHCOB Ha rrpOT5I:>KeHHH He-
CKOJlbKHX MHJlb, aMepHKaHeu 3aTeM pa3BepHYJIC5I H 6bICTpO
)torHaJI H3YBetIeHHbIH "j!e- X3BHJIeH)t". COnpOBOltHB rrMJlOTa H
Ha6J1IOJJ;aTeJl}l )to MeCTa Ha3HatIeHH5I, K3Mn6eJIJI nOKaqaJI 11M
Ha rrpOIUaHbe KpbIJIb5lMH H OTrrpaBHJIC5I )toMoit
Qepe3 tIac HaM rr03BOHHJI KOMaH)tHp aHrJIHHCKOH 3CKa.llPH-
JIbH H cnpoCHJI, KaK 30BYT OTBajf(HOrO rrHJIOTa, KOTOpbIH c6HJI
o)tHoro raHca H OTOrHaJl OT HaMeqeHHOH )KepTBbI )tBYX llpyrMx.
1918 zod
591
OH C006ll\HJI TalOKe, \lTO aHrJlHHCKHe nHJlOT H Ha6J1IOJ!aTeJIb
6bIJlH paHeHbI BO BpeMR aTaKH HCTpe6HTeJleH n<paJIbU., H,
eCJlH 6bI He CBoeBpeMeHHoe nORBJIeHHe JIeHTeHaHTa K3Mn6eJl-
JIa, - OHM 06a, HeCOMHeHHO, 6bIJIH 6bI y6HTbI..
28 MaR - fepMaHcKCUI aBHaUI1R npM6eraeT K o6eCneQeHHIO
J].eHcTBHH CBOHX pa3Bet(tJHKOB nOt( npHKpbITlfeM I1cTpe6HTeJleit
Ot(HaKo H aTO He Bcert(a nOMoraeT HM t(0 KOHua BbInOJlHRTb
CBOH 3an;atJH.
PHKeH6eKep: .CnYCTR npH6J1H3HTeJlbHO tJac nocJle Toro,
KaK MbI C KeMn6eJlJlOM nOt(H.RJlHCb B B03t(YX, .R 3aMeTHJI, "ITO 113
paHOHa Mapc-Jla- Typ K HaM npH6J1HIKaeTCR rpynna CaMOJle-
TOB... 51 paarJlRt(eJl no KYpCY t(Ba t(BYXMeCTHbIX HCTpe6HTeJUI
"ATIb6aTpoc" Ha BbICOTe OKOJlO 16 000 CPYTOB, a H3J( HI1MH Ha-
XOt(HJlHCb QeTbIpe ot(HOMeCTHbIX HCTpe6HTeJIR "TIcpaJIbU" B Ka-
tJeCTBe npHKpbITH.R. I-IecoMHeHHo, nepet( aKcnet(HUl1eH CTOSlJla
33J(atJa npOBet(eHHR BIDKHOM cpoToCDeMKH...
KaK TOJlbKO MbI nepellIJlH B CHH)KeHHe, t(Ba "AJlb6aTpOca"
HeaaMet(JlHTeJlbHO pa3BepHYJlI1 XBOCTbI If YCTpeMHJlHCb K <pPOH-
TY. qeThIpe HCTpe6HTeJl.R COMKHYJlH CTpOM M TO)l(e nOBepHY-
JlHCb, t(ep)J(acb Me)KJJ.Y HaMH 11 aapOnJlaHaMH, KOTopbIe OHI1 3a-
IUHrnaJIH. XOTR paCCTORHl1e t(o HHX H 6bIJIO CJlHlIIKOM BenHKO,
MbI C K3Mn6eJlJlOM cbInaHYJlH BCJlet( HeCKOJlbKHMH otJepet(SI-
MH, coxpaIDI.R npeHMYllteCTBO no BbICOTe M He t(aBasI B03MOJK-
HOCTH OTKpbITb OroHb no HaM. TaK MbI Bce nepeCeKJIH JlHHHIO
<ppOHTa H BCKope OKa3aJII1Cb Hau; TbRKYPOM... '
OtJeBHt(Ho, raHCOB HatJa.na YTOMJI Tb 3Ta YHH311TeJlbHM
u u
I1rpa, nOToMY tJTO B 3TOH TO'IKe MbI 3aMeTHJlH, KaK If X crpOH
paCnaJICR: -nBa "Anb6aTpoca" pa3BepHYJIHCb H3J( Tb.RKypoM Ha-
3M, B TO BpeMR KaK tJeTbIpe "II<paJIbua" OTBaJIHJlH Ha BOCTOK
H CTaJlH not(bIMaTbCR B HanpaBJleHHIf J(OJlHHbI M03eJI.R.
HeCKOJIbKO MMHYT MbI na6J1IOt(aJIH 3a 3THM MaJIeHbKlfM XI1T-
pbIM MaHeBpOM. 3aTeM, tJT06bI npoBepHTb KonapHYIO JlOBYllJ-
KY, RBHO npHrOTOBJIeHHYIO J(JIR Hac, HallJa napa pe3KO CHH3H-
JIaCb HJlH, CKopee JlOJKHO, 0603Ha"ll1J1a CHHIKeHlIe K nOKHHYTbIM
"Anb6aTpocaM". K3Mn6eJlJl KI1UYJlC.R np.RMHKOM na 6J1M:>KaH-
llIero H3 HHX, B TO BpeMR KaK .R OCTaBaJICR Hat( HHM If npHCMaT-
pHBaJI 3a tJeTblpbMR HCTpe6I1TeJlRMI'I.
592
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80Ullbl
MOMeHTaJIbHO BC5I qeTBepKa JIerJIa Ha 06paTHbIH KYpC 11
nOCneIlII1JIa Ha BbIPyqKY. )!yrJIac MaCTepCKM Ha6paJI BHOBb
BbICOry 113aH5IJI n03I1UI11O np5lMO no.l{o MHOH, M MbI npo.l{OJI)I(11-
JIM Me.l1JIeHHbIM OTXO.l{ K JII1HMM <ppOHTa. "TIcpaJIbQbI" .l{ep)l(a-
JII1Cb Ha 6e30naCHOM paCCT05lHH11 .l{aJIeKO rr033.J{H.
TOf.l{a XMTpble raHCbI npe.l{npHH5IJI11 HOBbIM npHqylJ;JII1BbIH
MaHeBp. MbI 3aMeTHJI11, KaK O.l{11H "AJIb6aTpoc" BHe3anHO Ha-
npaBHJIC5I Ha 3ana}!, np5lM11KOM K CeH-MHMeJIIO, B TO BpeM5I
KaK .l{pyroH npeKpaT11JI HaMaTbIBaTb KpyrM H nOCnellI11JI HarHaTb
qeTblpe HCTpe611TeJI5I Bnepe.l{11. OH11 .l{O)K.l{aJIMCb ero, a 3aTeM
Bn5lTepOM nOBepHY JI11 K M03eJIIO, OCTaBMB OJJ;HHOKI1H "AJIb6aT-
pOc" B lJ;BYX MHJI5IX n033J{H ce651 B KaqeCTBe JIaKOMOH Ha)l(11BK11
.l{JI5I HallIeH napbI.
C MaKC11MaJIbHOH TOqHOCTblO MbI nOCTapanHCb onpe}].eJIHTb
paCCT05lHHe .l{0 Hero. I1peKpacHO OC03HaBasI, KaKasI JIOBYllIKa
nepe.l{ HaM11 paCCTaBJleHa, MbI nOHHMaJIH, qTO ycnex npe.l{np11-
SlTH5I6Y.l{eT 3aB11CeTb OT HallIeM cnoc06HOCTH CHH311TbCSI K npM-
MaHKe, pa3.l{eJIaTbC5I C HeM, a 3aTeM BHOBb Ha6paTb BbICOTY
npe:>K.l{e, qeM Bpa:>KeCKaH rpynna Cn11KMpyeT Ha Hac. Ham 3a-
MbICeJI 6bIJI TaK11M )f(e, KaK y H11X. O.l{HaKO HaIIIa n0311IJ.1151 6bIJIa
HeCKOJIbKO JIyqIIIe, TaK KaK MbI MOrJIH C 60JIbIlleH TOqHOCTbIO
orrpe.l{eJI11Tb paCCT05lHMe OT HallIeM TOqKH B He6e .l{0 Me.l{JIeH-
Horo "Anb6aTpoca", OCTaBJIeHHOrO Ha 3anan;e B KaqeCTne Ha-
)l(HBKH. C .l{pyroH CTOpOHbI, MbI 3HaJIM B03MO:>KHOCTI1 HallII1X
"HblOnopon" .l{0 .l{IOHMa, a raHCbI, B03MO>KHO, He.l{OOIJ.eH11J111
Harny CKOpOCTb. 11M .l{OCTaTOQHO 6bIJIO OllIH6HTbC5I Bcero Ha
.l{OJIIO ceKYH.l{bI. 11 OHH .l{onYCT11JI11 3TY 01lIH6KY!
CJlOBIIO MOJIHM11, HallIM a3pOnJIaHbI pa3BepHYJIHCb 11 Ha
nOJIHOM ra3Y CTpeMHTeJIbHO 6pOC11J111Ch 60K 0 60K Ha O)(I1HO-
KMM "AJIb6aTpoc". "I1cpaJIbUbI" He3aMe,n:JIHTeJIbHO HaqaJIM npe-
CJIeJIOBaHHe. Ho e.l{Ba OHM nocrynHJIH TaKHM 06paaOM, KaK )),OJl-
)f(HbI 6bIJI11 nOH5ITb TIl1eTY nOrOHI1 - Be.l{b Me:>K.l{y HaMH He TOJIb-
KO npOJIerJIa M11JI5I MJI11 60JIbllIe, HO 3TO paCCT05lHMe elIle H
CTpeMMTeJIbHO YBeJII1Q11BaJIOCb. no Mepe npM6JIM)I(eIII151 K "Anb-
6aTpocy" MbI .l{onepHY JI11 MallIHHbI TaKHM 06pa30M, qTO IIp11IJ.e-
JIbI OKa3aJI11Cb HanpaBJleHbI TOqHO Ha Hero. Ka)l(.l{bIM 113 Hac
C.l{CJlaJI OKOJIO COTHM BbICTpeJIOB, npe:>K.lI.e qeM MbI OTBepHYJI11
1918 lOa
593
MaIllI1HbI 11 CTaJIH Ha611paTb BbICOTY. OrJI HYBIllHCb, MbI y6e-
,l{MJII1Cb, \ITO C "Anb6aTpoCOM" rrOJIHOCTbIO nOKOH4eIIO. aU CIIH-
KMpOBaJI CHa\IaJIa B O,n:HY CTOPOHY, 3aTeM - B ,n:PyrYIO, rrepeMJ{}l
B rrOCJIeJ HJ1H IllTonop, rrOCJIe '-Iero MbI BH,l{CJIH, KaI( annapaT
pa3611JIC y OKpal1Hbr <DJII1pH B JIecax PaTTa.
3a,n:oJIro,n:o cpl1HaJIbHOrO KpYllleHI1 nOCJIe,n:HCH )KepTBhI MbI
C K3Mrr6eJIJIOM 3aHHJII1 rrpe»\HIOIO BbICOTY. 11 TYT CJIY4HJIC5I
CIopnpH3 ,l{H !
BMeCTO HaHeceHI1H COKpYUHiTeJIbHOrO y,n:apa B OTMeCTKY, 1.fC-
Tblpe I1CTpe611TeJIH raHCOB rrocnelllHO BeplIY JIHCb K OCTaBIUCMYC>I
"Anb6aTpocy" 11, OKPY)KHB ero, 3a6oTJII1BO rrOBeJIl1 HaceBep - cu{e
,n:aJIbIlIe BrJIy6b c06cTBeHHoH TCppMTOpHH! l103)KC}I MHoro pa3
CTaJIKMBaJICH C 3TOM MaJIO,n:YIlIHOH qepTOH BpaJKeCKHX IlHJIOTOB.
He MMeeT 3HatleHM , HaCKOJIbKO cYlI.{eCTBeHHbIM npeI1MYUleCTBOl\1
no KOJIH4ecTBY MJIH pacnOJIO)KeUHIO OH 06JIa,n:acT - eCJIH HaM
y,n:aBaJIOCb c6HTb o,n:Horo M3 HMX, OCTaJIbHbIC nOqTH BCCr,l{a YKJIO-
HjlJIHCb OT ,n:paKH, OCTaBJIHH 3a HaMH rrOJIe 6oH. TaKoe rrOBe,/.!enHC,
MO)KeT 6bITb, H orrpaB,n:aHO C TOqKI1 3peHHH 60eBOH 3cpcpeKTHBHO-
CTH, HO ,l.(JI MeHH 3TO Ka3aJIOCb 6aHaJIbHOW TpYCOCTbIO».
ABl1aUH , KaK HOBbIM po,n: BOWCK, rrpc,n:CTaBHJIa co6oH eIll.e
O,n:HY 3aMeqaTeJIbHYIO B03MO)KHOCTb, BbI BHBIlIYIOCH B nOJIHOrl
Mepe TOJlhKO B 3TOM ro,n:y. aHa MOrJIa BeCTH HacTynaTeJlbIIble
Jl.eticTBM ,l{a)Ke Tor,n:a, KOf,n:a Ha3eMHbie BOHCKa oTcTyrraJIH.
19 MaR - 28 HeMeI..{KHX CaMOJIeTOB 60M611JIH JIoH,l{OH; rro-
fl16JIO 48 qeJIOBeK. 6 CaMOJIeTOB 6bIJIO C6HTO CMJIaMI1 6pwTaH-
CKHX IlBO, 3 pa36MJII1Cb rrpH nOCa,l{Ke Ha CBOM a3pO,l{pOMbI. 3TO
6bIJla nOCJIe,n:H H 6oM6apJJ:MpoBKa JIoH,n:oHa B 3ToH BOHne, Ha
KOTOpYIO Bcero BbIJIeTCJIO 43 CaMOJIeTa.
HeMeI..{KHe 6oM6ap,n:l1pOBIll.I1KH pa3rpOMMJII1 CKJIa,n: aBHaI..{HH
COI03HMKOB, Ha KOTOpOM 6bIJIO 3arOTOBJIeHO 12 TbIC. T rpY30B.
A TaK)Ke pa36oM6wJIH aHrJIHHCKMM rOCnl1TaJib B 3TarrJIc. Co-
103HHKaMI1 TaK)Ke 6bIJIO c6porneHo 9 6orvl6 Ha CeBepHYlo CTau-
I..{MIO B THOHBJ1JIe 11 Ha rrYTb 113 JIIoKceM6ypra B TpeB; 2 60M6bl
He paaOpBaJIHCb, 2 pa3pYIllHJII1 rrYTH H BbI3BaJIl1 rrepepbIB B .l1BI1-
)KeHMH rrOC3,n:OB.
20.MaR - C6porneHa o,n:Ha 6oM6a Ha BOCTOtlHYIO CTaUU}IIO
B THOHBHJle.
594
Aeua14UR BeJlUKOU 80UHbl
21 Mall - B HOqb 7-H 60M6ap,nHpOBOqHbIH HeMeQKHH J(H-
BH3HOH aTaKOBaJI OJ(HHM Tg)KeJIblM 60M6ap.lU1pOBIUHKOM BOK-
3aJI H CKJl(lJ(bl B BJIapjKH, C6POCHB B J(Ba 3axo,na 13 - 12-Kr 6oM6
H 2 - 50-Kr; Ha CTaHQHH B30pBaJIHCb noe3J(a co CHap.HJ(aMH.
AHfJIHHCKHe CaMOJIeTbl nOJ( )KaprOHHblM Ha3BaHHeM Kpo-
BaBble rrapaJIH3aTOpbl (Bloody paralisaters) 60M6HJIH HeMeQ-
KHH XHM3aBOJ( B Orrnay, raaOBblH 3aBOJ( B MaHreHMe H )KeJIe3-
HO,n:OpO)KHYIO CTaHUHIO B KapTxaY3e.
22 MaJI - B 1I0Qb 10 HeMeQKHX CaMOJIeTOB 60M6HJIH <I>paH-
UY3CKHe ropo,n:a; <ppaHUY3cKHe 3eHHTqHKH nOTpaTHJIH 6255
CHap5l,n:OB 11 C6HJIH O,n:HH CaMOJIeT B paHoHe Bep6epH.
Bcero 8 CaMOJIeTOB 6blJIO C6HTO, K IIapH)KY rrpOpBaJICR
TOJIbKO OJI;HH. Bo <ppaHuY3cKOH CTOJIHue rrorl16 OJ(HH qeJIOBeK.
23 MaJI - B 3T)' HOqb J(BIDKJ(bl HeMeUKHe CaMOJleTbl 60M-
6HJII1 <I>paHQHIO H OJ(HH H3 HHX - BHOBb I1apH)K; <ppaHQY3cKHe
3eHHTtJHKH HCTpaTHJIH 11 202 CHapgJ(a 6e3pe3YJlbTaTHo.
AKTHBHO J];eHcTBYIOT TaKjKe H repMaHcKHe rrOJ(BOJ(HHKH. C
no,n:Bo,l(HOH JIO,n:KH B gCHYIO rroroJ(Y MO:>KHO BHJ(eTb Kopa6JIH
npOTllBHHKa Ha paCCTOgHHH ,no 35 KM, H repMaHCKHe MOpgKI1
HCrrOJIb30naJIH KIDKJ(YIO B03MO)KHOCTb rrOJ(KpaCTbCg He3aMeTHO.
27 Mall - repMaHCKaH rrOJ(BOJ(HCUI JIo,nKa aTaKOBaJIa aHr-
JII1HCKI1M Kopa6JIb B TOT MOMeHT, KorJ(a ocyruecTBlliIBllIHH ero
oxpaHY npI1B.H3HOH aapOCTaT 6blJI crrYIUeH J(JIg CMeHbI Ha6JIIO-
,n:aTeJIeH. Bce <pJIarMaHbI aHrJlHMCKOro cpJIOTa 6blJIH cHa6)KeHbl
npHBR3I1bIMH a3pOCTaTaMH, rrOJ(HHMaBillHMHCSI Ha BblCOry 120-
210 M H npeKpaCHO rrpocMaTpHBaBIllHMH MopCKoe npocTpaH-
CTBO Ha 40-50 KM BOKpyr. AHrJlHqaHe Bce rpynrrbI CBOHX cy-
,l{OB COrrpOBO)KJ(aJIH J(HpH)f(a6J1gMH HJIM rrpHBR3HblMH aapoCTa-
TaMI1, n03BOJI.HBlliI1MH 3a6JIarOBpeMeHHo 06HapY)l(HuaTb
repMaHCKHe nO,l{BOJ(HbIe JIOJ(KM. OJ1.HaKo, KaK rrOKa3aJIa npaK-
THKa, XOTR C rrpHB.H3HOrO aapOCTaTa H ,l(OCTaTOlJHO XOpOIllO rrpo-
CMaTpHBaJIOCb Bo,anoe rrpOCTpaHCTBO, HX B03MOjKHOCTH 6blJIH
Bce-TaKH OrpaUHlJeHbI. qTO KaCaeTCg J(HpH)Ka6JIeH, TO 3a BeCb
1918 r. 113 2141 CJIyqaJI KOHBoHpoBaHWI CYJ(OB J(HpH)Ka6JIgMH
u u
TOJIbKO O,l{na)f(AbI repMaHCKOI1 nOJ(JIOJ(Ke YJ(aJIOCb rrOJ(OHTH He-
3aMeQeHHOH 11 aTaKOBaTb TpaHcrropT - 3TO rrpOM30111JlO, KorJ(a
,n:HpH)I(a6JIb OTBJIeKC.H na BTopOCTeneHHble 3a,a;aQH.
1918 zoa
595
HACTY EHHEHEMnEBHAPEKEaH
fepMaHCKH UlTa6 TlI{aTeJIbHO nOJJ;rOTOBHJIC5I K 3TOMY Ha-
cTynJIeHHIO. HaKaHYHe SToro HacTynJIeHH5I neXOTHble pOTbI,
HMeBWHe no 4 JlerKHX ny JIeMeTa, nOJIYtJHJIH elI{e no OJJ;HOMY
nYJIeMeTY, a TalOKe YJIY"IIlIeHHbIe PYjKeHHbIe rpaHaTbI. 0603bl
H TpaHcnopThI nOJI)"IHJIH nYJIeMeTbI JJ;JI 3allU1TbI OT aSpOllJIa-
HOB. IToCT)'nHJIH Ha BoopY)f(eHI1e nepBbIe npOTMBOTaUKOBbIe
PY)Kb5l. l(JI nOJU(ep)KKH HacTynJIeHH5I 6bIJIO CKOHueHTpMpo-
BaHO 2608 OPYJJ;HH H 687 CaMOJIeTOB. fepMaHuaM Yl!aJIOCb o6ec-
nelIHTb CKpbITHOCTb nOl!fOTOBKM onepaUHH.
27 MaR - B 2 "Iaca Ha"lanaCb MOlI.{Ha51 apTnOl!fOTOBKa H3
Bcex OPYJJ;MH H MHHOMeTOB. ApTnOl!rOTOBKoM, l!JlMBllIeHC5I 2
"Iaca 40 MHH)'T, YJJ;aJIOCb HaCTOJIbKO HeHTpaJIH30BaTb CPpaHUY3-
CKYIO apTHJIJIepHIO, "ITO OHa He CMOrJIa YJJ;epjKaTb nepBYIO JlH-
HHIO YKpeIUIeHHH. 3a nOCJIeJJ;YIOIUl1e 6 lIaCOB fepMaHCKaH ne-
XOTa 7-H apMHI1l!OCTHfJla p. 3H, HaXOl!I1BWeHC5I B 9 KM. ITepe-
npaBHBWHCb lIepe3 p. 3H, fepMaHcKHe 1!I1BH311H K Be"lepy
1!0CTMrJIH p. BeJIb. 3a nepBbIM .n:ellb 11M Yl!aJIOCb npoHTM 20 KM.
feHepaJI <Dom B nOMOIl1b 6- H apMI1I1 HanpaBJI5IeT 9 neXOT-
HbIX 11 4 KaBaJIepI1HCKI1e 1!I1BI131111 5-M <!>paHUY3cKOH apMMM.
fepMaHcKa51 60M6apl!HpOBOqHa51 aBHaUI1H npo,n:OJI)KaeT
CBOIO He)'ToMHMYIO pa60TY.
28 MaR - B HOqb 15 HeMeUKHX CaMOJIeTOB 60M6ap,n:Hpo-
BaJIl1 <I>paHUI1IO; 3eHHTqHKH I1CTpaTI1JII1 1587 CHap5l)tOB 6e3pe-
3Y JIbTaTHO.
29 MaR - IIocJIe O)KeCTO"leHHOH 60pb6bI 11 YJll1"1HbIX 60eB
repMaHCKHMH BOMCKaMI1 3aH5IT CyaccoH.
29-10 MaR - B HOqb 5 HeMeUKHX CaMOJleTOB OTnpaBHJIMCb
60M6HTb cDpaHUI1IO; 3eHI1TlII1KH HCTpaTHJII1 2377 CHap5l,n:OB 11
c6I1JII1 O,n:HH caMoneT rOTa B paMoHe IIJleccH BCJlbBMJIb.
cDpaHUY3aMH c6porneHo 2 60M6bI Ha CTaHUl110 B TMOHBHJlC;
nOfH6 1 "IeJIOBeK.
PI1KeH6eKep o,n:ep)KaJI CBOIO nHTYIO n06e,n:y. II pan,n:a, Ha STOT
MOMCHT 011 eIUe He CTaJI aCOM, nOCKOJIbKY no,n:TBCpjK,n:eHHe Ha
efO n5lTYlO no6c,n:y npHl!eT HeCKOJIbKHMH )tHRMH n03)Ke.
30 MaR - <I>paHUY3aM y,n:aCTCSI BHOBb OT6I1Tb CyaccolI, HO
596
Aeuau,UR BeJlUKOU 80UHbl
<ppOHT repMaHCKOrO HacTynJIeHM5I paCIlIl1p eTC , Ha nO.lU{ep-
)KKY 7-H apMHI1 npHXOJ(HT 18- repMaHCKaH apMH.H. OJ(HaKO
nOnbITKa CXOJ(Y B3$1Tb PeHMC repMaH:QaM He YJ(aeTC.H.
COlO3HHKaM YJ(aJIOCb, HaKOHe:Q, npeOJ(OJleTb repMaHCKoe
npeBOCXOJ(CTBO B B03J(yxe.
B 94-10 3CKa,npHJIblO Ha CMeHY 4HblOnOpaM-28 Ha'lHHaIOT
nocTynaTb 60Jlee MOIUHbIe 4CnA,l!bI-13 .
31 MaR - B HO'lb 6 HeMe:QKI1X CaMOJIeTOB 6oM6apJ(HpoBa-
JIH cI>paH:QHIO, "J(HH 113 HHX - napl1)K; 3eHI1T'IHKH 6e3pe3YJlb-
TaTHO HCTpaTHJIH 2372 CHap.HJ(a.
7-.H 11 18-.H repMaHCKHe apMHH H nOJ(KJIIO'IHBIlIaHC5I K HHM
1-51 apMH.H npoJ(OJI)KaIOT aTaKOBaTb no BceMY <pPOHTy, HO PeHMc
TaK H OCTaeTC.H B PYKax <ppaH:QY30B.
Be'lepOM Bce nHJlOTbI 94-11 aMepHKaHcKoH 3CKa.n;pHJIbH cep-
J(e'lHO n03J(paBHJII1L{yrJIaca K3Mn6eJIJIa C TeM, 'ITO OH CTaJI nep-
BbIM aMepHKaHCKHM aCOM, TO eCTb nepBbIM nHJIOTOM, OJ(ep)KaB-
IlIHM n.HTb o<pH:QHaJlbHO nOJ(TBep)KJ(eHHbIX no6eJ(. OH C6HJI
4PYMnJIep .
fepMaHCKoe KOMaHJ(OBaHHe 06bI'lHO HCnOJlb30BaJIO a3pOnJla-
HbI «PYMnJlep» MR pa3BeJ(KH 11 cpOTOC'beMKH. 3TO 6bIJla J(BYXMe-
CTHaJI MaIlIHHa, B KOTOpOH KaK llWIOT TaK H Ha6J1IOJ(aTeJIb n03a.l{H
Hero MOrJIH BeCTI1 orOHb H3 nYJIeMeTOB, 06ecne'lHBaJI TaKHM 06-
pa30M 3aIUHTy CaMOJleTa no KYpCY H C 3a.l(HeH nOJIyccpepbI. fOPH-
30HTaJIbHO pacnOJlO)KeHHbIe KypCOBbIe nYJleMeTbI 6bIJlH 3a<pHK-
CHpOBaHbI Ha KaI10Te J(BHraTeJI5I H J(JI5I npl1:QeJII1BaHH.H III1J10ry
Tpe60BaJIOCb nOJ(HHMaTb WlH onYCKaTb HOC a3pOI1JIaHa. Ha6J11O-
J(aTeJIb Ha 33J];HeM CHJ(eHbe, TeM He MeHee, HMeJl B03MO)KHOCTb
nepeMeIUaTb cnapeHHbIe nYJleMeTbI H HaBO,ltHTb HX B Jlr06ylO TO'I-
K IIoTOMY aTaKa npOTHB TaKOI1 MaIlIHHbI, KaK npaBHJIO, OCYIUe-
CTBJI5IJIaCb C33J];H H CHH3 B 3TOM cJlyqae Ha6J1IO,ltaTeJIb He I1MeeT
B03MO)KHOCTH BeeTH orOHb, He npoCTpeJIHB npH 3TOM XBOCT c06-
CTBeHHoro CaMOJleTa. A nWIOT, HaxO.lUlIUHHCR Bnepe,ltH, Bo06Il(e
JlHIlleH B03MO)KHOCTH npHMeHHTb KypCOBbIe nYJleMeTbI. EJ(HH-
u u u
CTBeHHOH 3aIl(HTOH B TaKOM cJlyqae CJlY)KHT 3Heprn'lHbIH BHpaJK
BJIeBO MJIH Bnpaao, n03BOJl.HIOIl(eH 06eCne'IHTb Ha6J1IOJ(aTeJIIO
J(ocTaTO'IHbIH 0630p H ceKTOp 06cTpeJIa. ATaKYIOIl(eMY nHJIory
CJleJ(yeT ocreperaTbC.H nOJ(06HbIX MaHeBpOB.
1918 lOa
597
PHKeH6eKep: JIeHTeHaHT K3Mrr6eJIJI OTrrpaBHJIC5I Ha cno-
60)tHoe rraTpYJIHpOBaHHe OJJ;HH, TO eCTb, yr I10JIeTeJI HCKaTb
u l '
rrpHKJIIO'IeHHH Ha CBOIO rOJIOBY. )Y;lY'IH B TpCX I1JII1 'IeTblpex
MHJHIX 3a JIHHHeH <ppoHTa, yr p3.3rJIHJJ;eJI HeMel.{KI1H "PYMn-
JIep", KOTOpbIH, cy,n51 lIO BceMY, oCYIl!eCTBJIHJI <poTorpacpl1po-
BaHl1e HallHX IIepeJJ;oBbIx rr03HL{HI1 TOt.JHO K lOry OT <DJIMpl1.
<DJIl1pH Haxo,nHJICH na Harne" Teppl1TOpl1H rrpU6JII13HTeJIbHO Ha
rrOJIOBI1He paCCTO.SlHHH OT IIoHT-a- MYCCOHa)tO CeH- MI1HeJI5I...
K3Mrr6eJIJI BbIIIIeJI Ha JJ;I1CTaHL{HIO 3<p<peKTHBHoro OrH5I C
OqeHb BbIrOJJ;Horo paKypca. COJIHL{e naXO.l{HJIOCb Y Hero 3a CIII1-
HOM:, 60JIee Toro, yr HalIpaBJI5IJICH C HeMeL{KOM: TeppHTOp1111 K
<PpaHUY3CKOH 11, 0 ero lIpl1CYTCTBHH TaM HHKTO He rrO.l{03peBaJI.
MaHeBpHpYH JJ;O Tex rrop, rrOKa eMY He y,n;a.nOCb 3aH5ITb BbI-
rO)tHYIO lI03HL{HIO, JIeM:TeHaHT K3MlI6eJIJI npel1npHH5IJI aTaKY C
TII1Kl1pOBaHI1.S1, HaXOJJ;51Cb C3aJI;H H BbIllle "PYMlIJIepa". Y Hero
6bIJI BeJII1KOJIenHbIM IIIanc y6HTb Ha6JIIO)taTeJI5I nepBOM )Ke ot.Je-
pe,n;bIO, eme )to Toro, KaK TOT ycneeT pa3BepnYTb rry JIeMeTbI H
lIpl1L{eJIHTbC.SI. OJJ;HaKO ero He )I(,n;ana CTOJIb JIerKaH lI06eJ!a.
,l!yr OTKpbIJI orOHb, KaK TOJIbKO Hat.JaJI CHHJKeHHe. E.l{I1H-
CTBeHHbIl1 nYJIeMeT "HbIOrropa" lIpOH3BeJI llIeCTb I1JII1 ceMb
BbICTpCJIOB, Hero 3aKJIHHHJIO. 06epHYBllIHCb, Ha6JIIO)taTeJIb
YBI1JJ;eJI "HblOrrop" npaKTI1t.JeCKH Hat( C060H. OH 6blCTpO YXBa-
THJICH 3a rrYJIeMeT H lIpHHHJICH 3a pa60TY. K3Mn6eJIJIY npl1-
llIJIOCb onHcaTb IlIHpOKI1M Kpyr, rrOKa OH B03I1JIC5I C 3aTBopoM,
YCTpaHH.SI HeIIOJIaJJ;KY. 11 BOT Ha'Ia.nC5I lIOe.l{HHOK MeJK.l{y O)tHO-
11 JJ;BYXMeCTHbIM HCTpe6HTeJI5IMH. II06e)tI1T TOT, KTO BJIau.eeT
60JIee cOBepIIIeHHbIM lIHJIOTIDKeM H 06JIau.aeT 60JIee KperrKI1-
MH HepBaMH.
KaK TOJIbKO yr Hat.Ja.n HOBYIO aTaKY, TO 06HapY)l(HJI, IITO
eMY rrpoTHBOCTOHT BeTepaH. 3Kl1rra)K "PYMrrJIepa" He npOHBHJI
HH MaJIeHIIIHX IIpH3HaKOB rraHHKI1 HJIH CTpaxa. raHCbI )tIDKe II
He )tYMaJIH 06 OTCT)'IIJleHHH I..
C MaCTepcTBOM, BbI3BaBWHM elUe 60JIbllIee YBaJKeUl1e K3M-
II6eJIJIa, HeMelt 3aJIO)KHJI 3HeprH'IHbIH BHpa)K, 'ITO C.l{eJIano
"HbIOrrop" BeJIHKOJIeIIHOH MHIIIeHblO )tJIH Ha6JIIO)taTeJI.SI. MellI-
KaTb B TaKOH cHryaUHH HeJIb3H, H yrJIac 6bICTpO peTHpOBa.n-
C.SI. ..
598
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80U1lbl
IlOCTogHHO KpY)KaCb BOKpyr rrpOTMBHMKa Ha TaKOM CKOpOC-
TM, KOTOpag ,l1eJIaJIa J1JIg rrOCJIeJ1HerO HeB03MO)KHbIM TIl{aTeJIb-
Hoe rrpMI.1eJIHBaHHe, K3Mrr6eJIJI MpatIHO YCMeXaJICg, Ha6JIIO,l{a5I
KaK KOpMOBOH CTpeJIOK npO,l{OJI)KaeT gpOCTHO BeCTM orOHb. Ilpl1
TaKOM TeMrre CTpeJIb6bI OH ,l{OJI)KeH 6bIJI BCKOpOCTH M3pacxo-
J10BaTb BeCb 60eKOMrrJIeKT, M TOr,l{a rrpMJ1eT tIepe,l{ yrJIaca...
K3Mrr6er JI rrpo,l{OJI)KaJI MaHeBpHpOBaHHe B TetIeHl1e rrgT-
Ha,l{I.1aTM MH'HYT. 3a 3TO BpeMg, HaCKOJIbKO OH 3HaJI, B ero a3po-
rrJIaH He rrorraJIa HM O,l{Ha rry JIg. 3aTeM OH OTMeTMJI, tITO rrHJIOT
BHe3arrHO 113MeHMJI TaKTMKY. BMeCTO Toro, QT06bI J1ep)KaTb
"HbIorrop" B 30He ,l{oCgraeMOCTM OfHg Ha6JIIOJ1aTeJI5I, Herrpl151-
TeJIbCKHH aBMaTOp OTBOpatIHBaJI XBOCT, rrbITa5ICb caM rrOJ1CTpe-
JIHTb orrrrOHeHTa H3 KypCOBbIX rrYJIeMeTOB...
IloJ1JIeTaH rro J1MarOHaJIM co CTOpOHbI Ha6JIIOJ1aTeJI5I, K3Mrr-
6eJIJI C6JIM3MJIC5I C npOTHBHMKOM Ha paCCTOgHHe B rr5lTb,l{eCgT
<PYTOB H CTaJI CBHJ1eTeJIeM 3a6aBHoro 3peJII1Il(a. Ha6JIIOJ1aTeJIb
CTOgJI rop,l{o BbIrrpgMMBIlIMCb, co CKpellteHHbIMH Ha rpY,l{H PY-
KaMH! C Kpa51 ero Ka6MHbI CBelliMBaJIaCb M TperraJIaCb Ha BeTpy
rrYCTag rrYJIeMeTHa5I JIeHTa. OH... rrpl1,l{aJI JIMQY Ha,l1MeHHoe BbI-
pa)KeHl1e. KaK rOBOpHJI K3Mrr6eJIJI rr03)Ke, ero HaCTOJIbKO rro-
TpgCJIO rr0J106HOe 6eccTpaIIIHe, tITO OH rrOtIYBcTBOBaJI, t.JTO He
CMO)KeT rrpO,l{OJI)KMTb 60H rrpoTMB 6e30PY)KHOrO Bpara. IT Pyc-
caK CJIOBHO rOBOpl1JI BceM CBOMM BMJ10M: ",[(aBaM, 3aCTpeJII1
MeH5I! 51 3HalO - TbI rr06e,l{MJI".
OJ1HaKo Y)J(e tIepe3 ceKYH,l{Y K3Mrr6eJIJI BCrrOMHMJI, tITO OH
YtIaCTBOBaJI OTHIOJ1b He B Hrpe. 3TO 6bIJIa BOMHa. Y Tex JIIO,l{eM
6bIJIl1 cpOTorpacpMM HallIMX n03HQHM, tITO MOrJIO 06epHYTbCg
rH6eJIbIO COTeH HallIMX pe6gT. OHM C,l{eJIaJIM Bce, Ha tITO 6bIJIM
crroc06HbI, JIMllib 6bI y6HTb ero, a OH JIe3 rrOJ1 HX rrYJIM, tIT06bI
,l10)K,l{aTbCg 3TOM B03MO)KHOCTM.,[(a H rrHJIOT rro-rrpe)J(HeMY M30
Bcex CHJI CTapaJICg rrepeXHTpHTb aMepMKaHQa M HaHeCTI1 CBOM
Y,l{ap.
Bo BpeMg CJIe,l{YIOIl(erO MaHeBpa K3Mrr6eJIJI OTKpbIJI orOHb.
11 paKTHtIeCKH rrOCJIe rrepBOM )Ke OtIepeJ1M OH rrOHgJl, tITO o,n:ep-
)KaJI rr06eJ1Y. MalllMHa rrpOTMBHI1Ka BHe3arrHO rrepelliJIa B CHM-
)KeHHe C OtIeHb 60JIbIIIOM CKOpOCTblO, eIl1e tIepe3 ceKYHJ1Y - B
6ecrrOpgJ10tIHOe rraJ1 HHe, a HeCKOJIbKMMM MI1HYTaMH n03)Ke
1918 lOa
599
JIeMTeHaHT K3Mn6eJIJI CTaJI CBHt{eTeJIeM ee KpYllIeHI1 na na-
llIeW TeppHTOp1111 B HeCKOJIbKHX COTHHX Hpt{OB K ceBepy OT Ma-
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nOTpe60Ba.nOCb BCerO HeCKOJIbKO qaCOB, qT06bI nHTaH no CqeTY
n06et{a JIeMTeHaHTa K3Mn6eJIJIa nOJIyqHJIa O<pI1IJ;HaJIbHOe nOt{-
TBepJKt{eHl1e.
B Haqa.ne Toro jKe l(HH, Kort{a K3Mn6eJIJI l(06bIJI HCKJIIOtJl1-
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I1JIJIIOCTPHPYIO HM, KaKYIO HeOIJ;eHHMYIO nOMOIUb cnoc06Ha
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CKopee HeraTHBHa, HeIKeJIH n03I1THBHa, TaK KaK OHa t{eMOHCT-
pl1pyeT 6et{bI, KOTopbIe BJIeqeT 3a C060M nOCTOHHHoe npeHe-
6peIKeHHe BOMcKaMH K npHMeHeHHIO a3pOnJIaHOB nepet{ rOTO-
BH HMCH HacrynJIeHl1eM.
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.n;a M lIe .n;06WJIMCb ycnexa.
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aBl1aTOpbI npMt{YMbIBaIOT Bce HOBbIe M HOBbIe npMeMbI 060po-
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aTaKe C nMKwpOBaHMeM. I1pM6JII1IKaHCb K XBOCTY "PYMI1JIepa"
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3anHO BbInp.HMMJIC.H 11 nOCMOTpeJI B MOIO CTOPOHY. OH Haxo-
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1918 lOa
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TOJIbKO OH YBHJ{eJI MeH.R, $I OTKpbIJI orOHb.
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pe3KO B3MbIJI BBepx H nponYCTWJI MeH.R no,l{ C060H. no CYTH:, B
MoeM paCnOp.RIKeHWH 6bIJIa TbIC.R"IHaH l(OJI.R ceKYHJ{bI, "IT06hI
ycneTb npOCKO"IHTb nOJ{ HRM, "IT06bI He TapaHHTb MOHCTpa. Ta-
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peHHbIH MHOH J{JI.R Hero MaHeBp. MbI nOMeH.RJIWCb MeCTaMH; $I
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6a "Iepe3 HH3 <pI03eJI.RIKa*. He Yl(HBHTeJIbHO, "ITO OH Ha6HpaJI
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BbIIlIJIW Ha MapHY Ii npM6JIli3WJIHCb K IlapwIKY MeHee 1JeM Ha
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6 UIOWl - B TO BpeMSI KaK 60JIbllIliHCTBO B03,n:YlIIHbIX 6pw-
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1918 lOO
603
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20 UIOHR - 3aMbICeJI ABCTPO- BeHrpHH Ha H TaJIbRHCKOM
<ppoHTe rrOTeprreJI OKOH1JaTeJIbHbIH Kpax.
22 UIOHR - B HOqb repMaHCKHe rMraHTbI OTrrpaBHJIHCb 60M-
6HTb COYTxeH,lt; n Tb CaMOJIeTOB He BepHYJIOCb C 3aAaHH .
O,ltHH H3 HMX 6bIJI c6HT 6pHTaHCKHM H01JHbIM HCTpe6HTeJIeM.
27 UIOHR - B H01Jb 18 HeMeUKHX CaMOJIeTOB OTrrpaBHJIHCb
Ha 60M6ap,ltHpOBaHHe cppaHI..{Y3cKHX ropotJ;OB, O,ltHH - Ha TIa-
pHJK; 3eHHTqHKH BbIrrYCTHJIH 4065 CHap ,ltOB 6e3pe3YJIbTaTHo.
28 UIOHR - B H01Jb BbIJIeTeJIO Ha 60M6ap,ltHpOBaHHe Cl>paH-
I..{HH 40 CaMOJIeTOB, 2 H3 HHX - Ha napHIK; 3eHHTtIHKH HCTpa-
1918 lOa
60S
THJlH 8459 CHap.RJtOB H 2 CaMOJleTa C6HJlH, 3-M, 6YJJ:)"-IH nOBpe)J(-
JteHHbIM, CMor JtOT.RHYTb Jto CBOHX n03HI1I1M.
29 UIOHR - B HOqb 2 HeMeUKMX CaMOJIeTa OTnpaBI1J1MCb Ha
60M6apJ(HpoBKy,OJtHH - Ha I1apI1JK; 3eHHTQHKI16e3pe3YJlbTaT-
HO HCTpaTHJlH 3008 CHap.RJtOB.
MIOJIb
K HIOJlIO BO <DpaHI1I1IO 6bIJIO nepe6poilieHo OKOJIO MHJIJII1-
OHa aMepJilKaHCKHX COJlJtaT.
B 3TOM MeC.Rl1e B03JtYIlIHbIe 60M6ap,n:HpOBKI1l!OCTl1rJlI1 CBO-
ero HaHBbICIlIero pa3BMTI1.R.
COlO3HHKH C03JtaJIH MOlI(HbIe 3CKMpbI 113 70-80 CaMOJIe-
TOB KaJKJ(aH. 3TI1 3cKaJtpbI, nOCTO.RHHO noJtHHMaH B B03Jtyx
OKOJlO 2/3 CBoero COCTaBa Jt06HBaJII1Cb rocnoJtCTBa B B03,n:yxe
Ha Bcex BbICOTax, JtaBa.R TeM caMbIM ,n:pyrHM aBMal1110HHbIM
nOJtpa3Jte.neHH.RM COlO3HHKOB nJIaHOMepHo 11 nOQTH 6eCnpen.RT-
CTBeHHO OCYlQeCTBJI.RTb Hanan;eHH.R Ha repMaHCKHe a3po,n:po-
MbI. EJlaroJ(ap.R TaKoH TaKTHKe COI03Ha.R aBl1aI H.R ny JIeMeTHbIM
orneM H 60M6aMH YHI1QTO)J(I1J1a B TeQeHl1e HeCKOJlbKHX JtHeM:
HIOJI.R MeC.Rua Bce CaMOJleTbI Tpex I1cTpe6HTeJlbHbIX OTp.R,n:OB B
paHoHax JIHJlJI.R H KapToHJI.R. .
6pHTaHltbI TaKJKe YCHJlI1JII1 3alQHT)' OT B03,n:YIlIHoro npo-
THBHHKa; B03JtYiliHoe npOCTpaHCTBO KaHaJIa nOCTO.RHHO npo-
CMaTpHBaJIOCb npH nOMOlQl1 He MeHee 30-TI1 aspocTaToB, KOTO-
pbIMH 6bIJlH cHa6JKeHbI Bce CTOpOJKeBbIe 3cKan;pbI Kopa6J1eM.
KpoMe Toro, HaQI1Ha.R C 11 Ma.R B B03Jtyx eJKeJtHeBHO no,n:-
HHMaJIOCb J(JI.R naTpy JIl1pOBaHH.R 300 rHJtpocaMOJIeTOB H 189
CaMOJleTOB H JtHpHJKa6J1eH.
fepMaHltbI BbII1CKI1BaJIl1 Bce B03MOJKHbIe cnoc06bI oCYlI(e-
CTBJleHH.R pa3Be,n:KI1, CTOJIb He06xoJtHMOH 11M Tenepb JtJI.R noJt-
rOTOBKH nOCJleJtHero peIlIHTeJlbHOrO HacTynJleHI1.R. He06bIQaH-
HbIe pa3MepbI npHH.RJI H pa3Max ,n:OCTaBKH IIInMOHOB B TbIJI
repMaHCKHMM aBHaTopaMM. B CB.R3H C 3TI1M BO cI>paHI1I1I1, He-
CMOTp.R Ha nOJlHYIO ceKpeTHOCTb 3Toro cnoc06a pa60TbI pa3-
BeJtKI1, J(IDKe 6bIJlO ony6J1HKoBaHO cJleJtYIOlI(ee OcpHI1HaJIbHOe
pacnOpjl)KeHHe:
606
A8Ual4UJl BeJlUKOU 80U1lbl
4Ha CJI)'1IaH nOC3.)tKM CaMOJIeTOB cppaHQY3CKOMY HaCeJle-
HHIO npeJJ;JIaraeTcR:
1) BCRKHH p3.3 npH nOC3.)tKe CaMOJIeTa BHe OTBeJJ;eHHOH JJ;JlR
3Toro TeppHTopHH 6e30TJlaraTeJIbHO npeJJ;ynpeJJ;HTb BoeHHbIe
HJIH, 3a HeHMeHHeM TaKOBbIX, rpIDK,l1aHCKHe BJIaCTH.
2) B TOM CJIY'lfae, eCJIH 6y JJ;eT BbIC(l)KeH Ha 3eMJlIO nacca-
JKHP, JJ;OCTaBHTb ero K BoeHHbIM HJIM, 3a HeHMeHHeM TaKOBbIX,
rpaJKJJ;aHCKHM BJIaCTRM. ECJIH HeB03MOJKHO HaCTH'lfb naCCIDKH-
pa, TO nOCTapaTbCR 3anOMHHTb ero npHMeTbI H B3RToe HM Ha-
npaBJIeHHe. BY,l1eT ,l1aHa Harpa.aa BCRKOMY, KTO 3aXBaTHT, HJIH
no 'lfbeMY YKa3aHHIO 6YJJ;eT 3aXBa'lfeH HenpHRTeJIbCKHH areHT,
BbICIDKeHHbIH CaMOJIeTOM».
1 UIOJIR - B HOtIb 4 CaMOJIeTa 60M6ap,l1HpOBaJIH <DpaHlU11O;
3eHHT'lfHKH 6e3pe3YJIbTaTHO HCTpaTHJIH 1568 CHapR,l10B.
2 UIOJIR - B HOqb 3 CaMOJIeTa 60M6apJJ;HpOBaJIH <l>paHUHIO;
3eHHTtIHKH HCTpaTHJIH 32 CHapRJJ;a 6e3pe3YJIbTaTHo.
8 UIOJlR - KOJIHqeCTBO aBHaOTpRJJ;OB He3aBHCI1MbIX Kopo-
JIeBCKHX B03,l1YIlIHbIX CHJI BpHTaHHH YBeJIHqeHO C TpeX,l10 ,l1e-
CRTH, H3 KOTOpbIX nRTb npeJJ;Ha3HaQaJIHCb ,l1JIR JJ;HeBHoro 60M-
6ap,l1HpOBaHHR, qeTblpe - ,nJIR HOqHOrO H nOCJIeJJ;HHH - ,l1JIR
3aIIJ;HTbI ,l1eBRTH OCTaJIbHbIX OTpRJJ;OB OT HCTpe6HTeJIeti npoTHB-
HHKa.
11 UIOJlR - COI03HaH aBHaUHR BHOBb npeJJ;rrpHHRJIa 60M-
60BbIH Y,l1ap no THOHBHJIIO. C nepBoro 3axo,lta c6porneHo 8 60M6
Ha CenepHYIO CTaHQHIO H Ha JKeJIe3H0,l10pO)KHbIe rrYTH B THOH-
BlUle; 9 'lfeJIOBeK norH6JIo, 5 6bIJIO paHeHO. Co BToporo 3axOJJ;a
c6porneHo 3 60M6bI Ha TY iKe CeBepHYIO CTaHQHIO; O,nHOH pa3-
pyrneH nyrb, J1PyroH BbI3BaH B3pbIB rroe3,na co CHapR,naMH; no-
rH6JIo 4 'lfeJIOBeKa H 6 paHeHO, y6HTO 66 JIOllIa,neH.
BTOPAH MAPHA
HacTYDJleHHe repMaacKHx BOBCK Ha MapHe
L(JIR nOCJIeJJ;Hero peIlIHTeJIbHOrO HacTynJIeHHR repMaHCKoe
KOMaH,l10BaHHe H36paJIO 80-KM yqaCTOK B paHoHe IIlaTo- Tbep-
pH - PeHMC. 3TO HacTYI1JIeHHe 6bIJIO Ha3BaHO 4Cpa)KeHHeM
3a MHP». 06mee COOTHorneHHe CHJI 6blJIO B nOJIb3Y AUTaHTbI.
C HeMeUKoH CTOpOHbI B cpIDKeHHH ytIaCTBOBaJIH 33 neXOTHbIe
1918 zoiJ
607
M 3 KaBaJIepHMCKHe J(HBH3HH B nepBoM JIllHHH H 10 neXOTHbIX -
BO BTOpOM, 8800 OPYJ(HM, 1464 CaMOJIeTa (348 pa3BeJ(1.JI1KOB,
1008 MCTpe6HTeJIeM, 108 T}})KeJIbIX 60M6apltHpOBIUHKOB. Bce
CaMOJIeTbI 6bIJIH Tpa.zt.HIU10HHO paBHOMepno paCIIpeJ(eJIeHbI no
apMM}}M (7 -}} apMM}} - 576, 1-}} - 445, 3-R - 443). repMaHcKHe
BOMcKa pa3BepHYJIM no <ppOHTY aTaKH 8800 OPYJ(MM.
C <ppaHUY3cKOM CTOpOHbI K Ha1.Ja.ny Cpa)l{eHH5I 6bIJIO 1254
CaMOJIeTa (406 pa3BeJ(1.JHKOB, 600 HCTpe6HTeJIeH, 48 T5IJKeJIbIX
60M6apAHpoBIUMKOB, 200 JIerKMX 60M6apJ(HpOBll1HKOB). 113
HHX 626 CaMOJIeTOB HaxOJ(HJIMCb B IIo,n;1.JHHeHHH KOMaHJ(YIOll.{HX
apMH}}MM, a Bce 60M6apJ(MpOBll{HKH H 360 MCTpe611TeJIeM B nOJ(-
1.JMHeHI1M QeHTpaJIblIOrO KOMaHJ(OBaHM}} <ppoHTa. B MOMenT
rrpopbIBa repMaHCKMX apMMM K p. MapHa cppaHQY3bI 6pOCMJIM
rrpOTHB HacT)'naIOIUMx qaCTeM 220 IlITypMOBbIX CaMOJIeTOB. flo
,n;aHHbIM cppaHQY3cKoro renepaJIbHOrO IlITa6a, COI03Hl1KM I1Me-
JIH Ha 3TOT MOMeHT BO Bcex po,nax BOMCK 3 592 242 qeJIOBeKa,
H3 HHX 68 978 - B BBC.
Ha <ppaHQY3cKYIO B03J(YIlIHYIO J(HBH3HIO 6bIJIH B03JIO)KC-
HbI CJIeJ(YIOll{He 3aJ(aqM: 3aBoeBaHHe rocnOJ(CTBa B B03J(yxe,
u
HaHeceHHe yttapon no rrepenpaBaM repMaHCKHX BOMCK qepe3
MapHY H no CKOnJIeHl-lRM BOMCK y nepenpaB, uerrpepbIBHoe
BeJ(eHHe B03J1,YIlIHOM pa3BeJ(KM rrOJI}} 60}} (c rrpMJIOjKeHMeM cxe-
MbI QeJIeH H 06'beKTOB Ha6JIIOJ(eHH5I).
HecMoTp51 Ha BCIO CKpbITHOCTb nO,l(rOTOBKI1 3Toro HacTyn-
JIeHHR, cppaHQY3cKoe KOMaHJ(OBaHHe 6bIJIO TOqHO OCBeJl,OMJIe-
HO 0 J(He H qace ero Haqa.na.
15 UIOJUl - B 0 qac. 10 MHH., npeJ(yrrpe)KJ(CUI rOTOB5IIUeeCR
HeMeQKoe HacTyrrJIeHHe, cppaHQY3bI npHCT)'rrMJII1 K KOHTpapT-
06CTpeJIY HeMeQKliX rr03HQHH, rrpeJl,BapHTeJIbHO OTBeJ(}} CBOH
BOHCKa Ha BTOPYIO JIHHMIO 060POHbI. B 1 qac 10 MHH. HOqH,
HeCMOTpR IiH Ha qTO, no HaMeqCHHOMY IIJIaHY, Haqa.naCb MOll(-
HCUI apTIIoJ(roToBKa HeMQen, 06pYllIHBIIICUlC}} npaKTHqeCKH Ha
rrycTble rr03MQHH. 113 BocnOMMHaHHM rUHJ(eu6ypra: "TbIC5I-
qerOJIOBasI apTHJIJIepH}}" HaqaJIa CBOro 60eBYlO pa60TY Ha HO-
BOM <ppOHTe ; apTHJIJIepH5I pa60Ta.na B Te1.J:eHMe 4 -x qaCOB, 3a-
TeM HacTYIIJIeHHeM 1-H, 3-" Ii 7-11 repMaHCKHX apMHH pa3Bep-
nYJIOCb Cpa)KeHHe Ha MapIle.
608
Aeuau,UR BeJlUKOUeOU1lbl
fepMaHCKl1e pa3Be,n:ql1KI1 rro,n:p06HO I1HcpOpMMpOBaJIM CBoe
KOMaH,n:OBaHMe 0 pacnOJIOJKeHMM CMJI cppaHQY30B, B TOM qMCJIe
M 0 60JlblIlMX aBl1aQMOHHhIX CMJIaX, CKorrMBIIIMXC Ha aapo,n:po-
Me BMJIJIep- KOTTp3, o,n:HaKO repMaHCKoe KOMaH,n:OBaHlie He
pacrrOJIaraJIO ,n:OCTaTOqHhIM pe3epBOM ,n:JI HeMTpa.nM3aQJ1M 3TOM
yrp03bI.
<DpaHQY3CKaH B03,n:YIIIHaH pa3Be,n:Ka rrOMOrJIa apTMJIJIepMC-
TaM rro,n:aBMTh orHeBhIe ToqKI1 repMaHCKOM apTI1JIJIepI1J1. B rrep-
BhIH ,n:eHh cpaiKeHM OCHOBHhIe YCMJIM <ppaHQY3CKOH aBMaI..(l1J1
6hIJIM cocpe,n:OTOQeHhI B He,n:oc raeMOM ,n:JI apTMJIJIep1111 paM-
OHe ,n:opMaH, r,n:e repMaHCKMe BOHCKa HaqaJIli rreperrpaBY Qepe3
MapHY C lIeJIhIO npophIBa K ITapMiK)T. <DpaHlIY3CKMe 60M6apJ(M-
pOBIl.{MKI1 60JIbIIIMMM rpyrrrraMM OT 80 11.0 120 CaMOJIeTOB rrOCJIe-
,n:OBaTeJIbHO 60M6MJIM rreperrpaBhI repMaHCKMX BOHCK, C6POCMB
B 06 eM KOJIHqeCTBe OKOJIO 18 T 60M6. IToMora.nJ1 60M6ap11.M-
pOBIIJ:liKaM aHrJII1HCKMe 11 <ppaHQY3cKl1e MCTpe6MTeJIM. repMaH-
QbI rOBOpI1JIM: «Ha rreperrpaBax - a.n: . KOMaHJJ;OBaHMe 6poCI1JIO
Ha o6eCneqeHMe CBOI1X rreperrpaB Bce HaJIMqHhIe aBl1aQHOHHhIe
CI1JIbI. repMaHcKMe MCTpe6MTeJIM rrpOM3Bo,n:I1JIM ,n:o 7 60eBhIx
BbIJIeTOB 3a ,n:eHh, B Ka)l(,n:OM CTOJIKHOBeHl111 Tep ,n:eC TKI1 ca-
MOJIeTOB. O,n:HaKo, rrepeJIOMI1Th rrOJIO)KeHMe B B03,n:yxe repMaH-
CKJ1M aBHaTopaM, HeCMOTp Ha Bce I1X MaCTepCTBO 11 repOM3M,
Bce )Ke He y,n:aJIOCh.
16 UIOAR - 113 BocrroMMHaHMH aHfJIMMCKOro reHepaJIa:
«...STO IIpOJ(OJIiKaeTC YiKe BTOpOM ,n:eHb. B 60ph6e 3a rreperrpa-
BhI npMHI1MaeT YQaCTMe ,n:o ThICSp.111 HaIIII1X H cppaHQY3CKI1X ca-
MOJIeTOB. 3CKa,n:pMJIh 3a 3CKa,n:pMJIheM 60M6ap,n:l1pYIOT MOCThI
Ii nOHTOHhI, HaBel1.eHHhIe HeMlIaMM. Ho KaK pOCTHO JIe MKM
rrOCJIe,n:HI1X rrhITaIOTC rrOMemaTh pa60Te HaIIIMX 60M60B030BI
ITo 10-20 repMaHCKliX I1cTpe6HTeJIeH 6pocaeTc B 60M C Ha-
IIIMMM oxpaH IOll!I1MI1 CaMOJIeTaMI1. B pa3rap B03,n:YIIIHbIX 60eB
CMOTpeJI B 6MHOKJIh Ii CJIe,n:MJI 3a qaCaMM: 6YKBaJIhHO KaiKJ{YIO
MMHYTY rral{aJIa BHM3 HaIIIa I1JIM )Ke MX MallIMHa... qacTh c611-
ThIX CaMOJIeTOB 6hIJIa 06'h Ta nJIaMeHeM - 3TO 6hIJIM Qy.n.OBl1lI{-
HbIe, IKYTKMe cpaKeJIhI, CTpeMMTeJIhHO JIeTeBIIIMe BHI13... B 3TOT
.n.eHb, KaK OKa3aJ10Cb BrrOCJIe,n:CTBJ1M, MhI C6MJIM 29 HerrpM TeJIb-
CKMX CaMOJIeTOB, IIOTep JIH HeMHOrl1M MeHhIIIe...
1918 lOa
609
KOHTpHaCTyIIJIeHHe <!>paHu;yaoB Ha Map He
I13 OTqeTa repMaHCKoro KOMaH,n:OBaHH.SI: HeCMOTp.Sl Ha
CaMOnOJKepTBOBaHHe H caMoe OCTpoe Hanp.SlJKeHHe B 60eBoif
pa60Te, He 6bIJIO 60JIbllIe B03MOJKHOCTH npOTHBOCTO.SlTb HenpH-
.SITCJIbCKOMY npeBocxo,n:CTBY B B03,n:yxe. OHO CTaJIO 60eBbIM
<paKTOpOM, C KOTOpbIM npHllIJIOCb CqHTaTbC.SI>.>. repMaHCKHe
BOMCKa HaqaJIH OTXO,n:HTb, <ppaHUY3CKa.Sl aBHaUH.SI rrpo,n:OJIJKa-
JIa npeCJIe,n:OBaTb OTxo,n:.SIll!He KOJIOHHbI repMaHCKI1X BOMCK.
18 UIOJlR - B 4 qac. 35 MHH. <ppanUY3cKasI apTHJIJIepl1.S1 01"-
KpbIJIa orOHb no BceMY <PpOHTY HacTyrrJIeHH.SI. ApTI1JIJIepH.SI 10- if
apMHH cpaJY )Ke C03,n:aJIa orHeBoM BaJI - ryCTYIO 3aBecy 113 )Ke-
JIe3a H ,n:bIMa>.>. I10,n: npHKpbITHeM orneBoro BaJIa C MaCCOM TaH-
KOB, neXOTa 10-M apMHH aTaKOBaJIa repMaHCKHe n03I1UHH. ABl1a-
UH.SI co,n:eMCTBOBaJIa neXOTe. 110 npI1KaJY KOMaH,n:YlOlllero 10- t'I
apMHeH reHCpaJIa MaH)KeHa Ha 400 CaMOJIeTOB B03JIaraJIaCb 3a-
,n:aqa OtlHCTHTb He60 01" npoTHBnHKa>.>. C STOti UCJIblO CaMOJIe-
TbI 6bIJIH no,n:paJ,n:eJIeHbI Ha TPH rpynrrbI, ,n:eticTBYlOll!11e B Tpex
3TaJKax: rrepBbIH - 2 TbIC. M 11 BbIllie rrpe,n:HaJHatlaJIC.SI ,l(JI.SI 60pb-
6bI C repMaHCKI1MH HCTpe6HTeJI.SIMI1, BTOpOM - 2 TbIC. M H HHJKe -
,l(JI.SI HeMTpaJIH3aUHH PaJBC,n:qHKOB 11 TpeTHH - 1 TbIC. M H HHJKe -
,l(JI.SI 06CTpeJIa Ha3eMHblX ueJIeH 11 ,n:JI.SI 60pb6bl co lllTypMOBHKa-
MH H 60M6ap,l(HpOBll!HKaMH npOTHBHI1Ka.
ATaKa, HatlaBlllasIC.SI npaKTHqeCKH O,l(HOBpeMenHO C apTnO,l{-
rOToBKoti, 3aCTaJIa repManueB BpaCnJIOx. 6-.SI H 10-.SI QJpaHU:Y3-
CKl1e apMI1H HaHOC.SIT MOll!HbIH KOHTpy,n:ap B TbIJI H QJJIanr 7-ti
repMaHcKoti apMHH Ha <ppoHTe peK 3H H MapHa.
1< Beqepy <ppaHUY3cKHe BOHcKa rrpO,l(BHHYJII1Cb Ha 5-10 KM.
3a 3TOT ,n:eHb TOJIbKO 10-.SI QJpanU:Y3cKCUI apMH.SI B 60Pb6e 3a
oqHllleHHe He6a rrOTep.SlJIa 35 CaMOJIeTOB.
,l{JI5I 06eCneqeHH.SI60JIee ycnelliHoti ,l(e.SlTeJIbHOCTH aBHaUH-
OHHbIX CHJI BO cDpaHUHH C03,llaH e,n:I1HbIM B03JI;YllIHblti JJ:HBH3H-
OH no,n KOMaH,n:OBaHHeM reHepaJIa Mapl1- BHKTopa J{lOBaJI}l.
EMY nO,ll4HHeHbI ,n:Be 6pl1ran.bI C O,llHOM 3cKa,n:poti ,n:HeBHblX 60M-
6apJJ:l1poBIUHKOB H O,l{HOti 3CKazI:POt'I HCTpe6HTeJIeti TaKJKC KaK
H 3CKa,n:pa I10qHbIX 60M6ap,n:11pOBll!HKOB 11 ,llBe rpyrrrrbI HOtlIlbIX
60M6apJJ:HpOBIltHKOB. KaJK,l(asI HCTpe6HTeJIbHCUI 3CKaJJ:pa COCTO-
2 I ABHaUHSI BeJ1HKoit BOHHbl .;;.>
610
A8Ua UJl BellUKOU 80UHbl
HT H3 216 HCTpe6HTeJIeH, 06e 3cKan;pbI ,n;HeBHbIX 60M6ap,n;HpoB-
IIJ;HKOB H3 195 CaMOJIeTOB, a HOtJHbIX 60M6ap,n;HpOBIIJ;HKOB B
06IIJ;eH CJIOiKHOCTH - 161 CaMOJIeT. B03,n;YllIHbIH ,n;I1BH3HOH Ha-
CtJHTbIBaJI B cOBoKynHocTH 788 CaMOJIeTOB H 6bIJI nepBbIM one-
paTHBHbIM 06'be,n;HHeHHeM BBC B MHpOBOH HCTOpHH.
19 UIOJUI - fepMaHcKHe BOHCKa OKa3bIBaIOT ynopHoe co-
rrpOTI1BJIeHHe. Ha nOMep)KKY 10-H repMaHcKoH apMI1H nepe-
XO,n;.SIT B HacTynJIeHl1e 5-.SI H 9-.SI apMHH. BOH OXBaTbIBaIOT BeCb
<ppOHT MapHCKoro BbIcTyna. fepMaHcKHe apMHH HatJHHalOT
rrOCTeneHHbIH OTXO,n; Ha JIHHHIO pp. YpK, 3H H BeJIb.
20 UIOJUI - B HOtJb 10 HeMeQKHX CaMOJIeTOB 60M6ap,n;Hpo-
BaJIH TIapl1)K; 3eHHTtJHKH I1CTpaTHJIH 896 CHap.Sl,n;oB H He ,n;0611-
JIHCb ycnexa.
22 U'IOJlR - B HOtJb CHOBa repMaHCKHe 60M6ap,n;HpOBIIJ;HKH
aTaKOBaJIl1 <ppaHQY3cKHe ropo,n;a, CTpeM.SICb K TIapH)KY. TOJIbKO
3a nOCJIe,n;HHe ,n;Be HOtJHbIX aTaKH 6bIJIO c6porneHo B 06rueH
CJIO)KHOCTH 166 480 Kr B3pbIBtJaTbIX BetneCTB (co,n;ep)KHMOe 11
)KeJIe3Ho,n;opO)KHbIX BaroHoB).
26 UIOJlR - AHrJIHHCKHe CaMOJIeTbI c6poCHJII1 60JIee 300
TOHH 60M6 B paHoH AMbeHa. AHrJIHHCKHH JIeTtJHK 3,n;yap,n;
MaHHoK c611JI CBOH 73-H CaMOJIeT 11 6bIJI C6HT CaM C 3eMJIH.
JI UIOJUI - B 94-10 3CKa,npHJIblO BepHYJIC.SI nOCJIe JIetJeHH.SI
PHKeH6eKep. Y Hero, TaK)Ke KaK 11 y Y,n;eTa, pa3BHJIC.SI CHJIbHbIM
OTI1T.
ABfYCT
K aBrycTY 1918 r. BeJIHK06pHTaHH.SI 20 paJ no,n;Bepra.naCb
HOQHbIM B03,n;YllIHbIM Hana,n;eHH.SIM. 259 CaMOJIeTOB, H3 KOTO-
pbIX 30 rHraHTOB, C6POCHJIH 50 T 60M6. 63 repMaHCKHX 60M60-
1I0cQa 6bIJIQ C6HTO. B 6pHTaHcKI1x ropo,n;ax 435 tJeJlOBeK 6bIJIO
y6HTO H 980 paHeHO.
2 a8zycma - B HOqb 10 CaMOJIeTOB OTnpaBI1JIHCb 60M6ap-
,n;HpOBaTb <I>paHQI1IO; 3eHH'ftIHKH nOTep.SlJIH 245 CHap.Sl,n;OB.
A TeM BpeMeHeM COI03HHKH rrpo,n;OJI)KaIOT HHTepBeHUl110 B
COBeTcKYIo POCCI'1I0; BOMcKa AHTaHTbI 3aXBaTHJII1 ApxaH-
reJIbCK.
1918 lOiJ
611
4 a8zycma - 3aBepIIlaeTC.SI onepaUH.SI 4BTOpCUI MapHa .
fepMaHCKHe BOHCKa, HeC.SI 60JIbIIlHe nOTepH, BbIHYiKJ1eHhI
OCTaBHTb MapHCKHH BbIcTyn y llIaTo- TbeppH.
OnbIT BTOpOH MapHbI*, nOK3.3aJI HCKJIIOqHTeJIbHO BIDKHoe
3HaqeHHe <ppOHTOBoro aBHaUHOHHoro pe3epBa. fJIaBHblM He-
JJ;OCTaTKOM repMaHCKOH TaKTHKH 6bIJIO npHMeHeHHe aBHaUHH
HCKJIIOqHTeJIbHO BO BpeMR 60.Sl, 6e3 npe.l(BapHTeJIbHOrO .l(eH-
CTBHR no aapO.l(poMaM.
B qeTbIpex nOCJIe.l(HHX HacTynaTeJIbHbIX onepaUH.H fepMa-
HHR nOTep.SlJIa OKOJIO 700 TbIC. tteJIOBeK, He .l(06HBIIIHCb OJ((H,lta-
eMoro CTpaTerHqeCKOrO ycnexa.
IToCJIe n06e.l(bI Ha MapHe <ppaHUY3CKoe KOMaHl(OBaHHe
npHcTynaeT K JIHKBH.l(aUHH 4MellIKOB>.).
A aHrJIHqaHe TeM BpeMeHeM BbIC3)tH.JIH JJ;ecaHT B BaK)'.
6 a8zycma - B HOqb fepMaHH.SI B nOCJIe.l(HHM p3.3 B aTOM
BOHHe npe.l(npHHHMaeT aTaKY uenneJIHHOB Ha JIOH.l(OH, HO u;en-
neJIHHbI He .l(OCTHraIOT IteJIH.
cI>paHUY3CKoe npaBHTeJIbCTBO BpyqaeT reHepaJIY cI>OUIY
u
MaplIlaJIbCKHH )Ke3JI.
AMbEHCKAH OnEPAD:UH COI03HHKOB
Il.eJlb onepaUHH, no CJIOBaM <DolIla, JIHKBH.l{HpOBaTb yrpo-
3Y AMbeHY H j((eJIe3HOH .l{opore llapH)K - AMbeH, a TaK)Ke pa3-
6HTb H OT6poCHTb npOTHBHHKa C nJIaIUJ.apMa MeiKJ1Y peKaMI1
COMMa H ABp. AHrJIHqaHe H <ppaHltY3bI C03.l(aJIH B MeCTe Yl(apa
nOqTH TpOHHoe rrpeBOCXO.l(CTBO B neXOTe, B qeTbIpe pa3a - B
apTI1JIJIepHH, B nRTb paa - B aBl1aUHH, a TaKj((e npHMeHI1JIH
Bo06ll!e He HMeBUIHeC.SI B repMaHCKHX BOHCKax 688 TaHKOB.
K HaqaJIY onepaU;HH y repMaHcKoro KOMaH.l{OBaHMR HMe-
JIOCb 365 CaMOJIeTOB (171 paaBe.l{lIHK, 158 HCTpe6HTeJIeH 11 36
JIerKHX 60M6ap.l{HpOBIl.{HKOB). Y aHrJIH\faH H <ppaHUY30B 6bIJIO
1904 CaMOJIeTa (430 paaBe.l(qHKOB, 988 MCTpe6HTeJIeH, 342 JIer-
KHX 60M6ap.l(HpOBll.tHKa H 141 TRj((eJIbIH). KpoMe Toro, B XO.l(e
Cpa)KeHHR npHBJIeKanaCb eme H aBHaUHR 3-H aHrJIHHCKOH ap-
MHH.
AHrJIO-<ppaHQY3cKoe KOMaHJ(OBaHHe IIOCTaBHJIO nepe.l( CBO-
U u
eM aBHaUHeH CJIeJlYIOll.t He 33J1aql1: 3aBoenaHHe rocnO,ltCTBa B B03-
612
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU BOUH'bl
,n:yxe, YHHtJTOJKeHHe repMaHCKHX BOHCK Ha nOJle 60.Sl, H30Jl.SlUH.SI
paHOHa 60eBbIX .l(eHCTBHH OT npHTOKa repMaHCKHX pe3epBOB.
O,n:HaKO B caMOM HatJa.ne onepaUHH aBHaUH.SI 6e3.l(eHCTBO-
Ba.na H3-3a rYCToro TYMaHa. Kor.l(a TyMaH paCCeHJlC.SI, cppaHUY3-
CKHe aBHapa3Be.l(tJHKH cpaay JKe .l(OHeCJlH 0 naqaBllleMC.SI OTXO-
,n:e repMaHCKHX BOHCK, H BC.SI aHrJIO-cppaHUY3CKa.Sl aBHaQH.SI
6bIJla 6pOllieHa Ha .l(eHCTBHH no OTXO.l(HIl.J}IM repMaHuaM. no-
CtJHTaB 60Pb6y 3a rocno,n:CTBO B B03.l(yxe H3J1HIIIHeM BBH.l(Y no-
u
.l(aBJlHIO erO tJHCJleHHOrO npeBOCXO.l(CTBa, aHrJIHHCKOe KOMaH-
,n:OBaHHe OTMeHMJIO TaKJKe nepBOHatJaJIbHO 3anJIaHHpOBaHHbIe
y,n:apbI no repMaHCKHM aapo,n:pOMaM H 6pOCHJlO Bce CBOH aBHa-
UHOHHbIe CHJlbI Ha 60M6ap.l(HpOBaHHe nepenpaB. TaKoe OrpOM-
u u
Hoe KOJlHqeCTBO CaMOJleTOB, .l(eHCTBOBaBlIIee no )KHBOH CHJIe H
rrepenpaBaM tJepe3 p. COMMY C03.l(a.n0 CHJIbHbIH nOl(aBJI.SIIO HM
3<pcpeKT H cnoc06CTBOBaJIO 60JlbllIOMY ycnexy B nepBbIH JKe
,n:eHb onepaUHH.
Pa3Be,n:bIBaTeJlbHaH aBHaUlf.Sl aHrJIHtJaH H CPpaHUY30B TaK-
JKe 06CTpeJlHBa.na repMaHCKHe BOHCKa H3 nYJleMeTOB H c6pa-
u
CbIBa.na nepe,n: ero onopHbIMH nYHKTaMH H apTHJlJIepHHCKHMH
n03HUHHMH cpOCcpopHbIe 60M6bI, C03.l(aBaH ,n:bIMOBbIe 3aBeCbI C
ueJlblO CKpbITb npH6J1HJKeHHe TaHKOB H BBOl( B 6011 tJaCTeM aB-
u
CTpaJIHHCKOro H KaHal1CKOrO KopnYCOB.
8 a8zycma - Ha paCCBeTe o,n:HOBpeMeHHO C apTno,n:rOTOB-
KOH aHrJlHtJaHe aTaKOBaJIH repMaHcKHe n03HIU1H. BHe3anHOCTb
HacTynJleHMH, MOIIJ;HbIH apTorOHb, Y.l(ap MaCCbI TaHKOB H caMO-
JleTOB n03BOJlHJIH aHrJIHtJaHaM O.l(HHM 6pOCKOM BKJlHHHTbCH B
060POHY repMaHQeB Ha 3 KM.
JIIO,n:eH,n:opcp: «lllTa6bI ,n:HBH3HH 6bIJlH 3aXBatJeHbI Bpacn-
JlOX Ha CBOHX CTOHHKax HenpH.SITeJIbCKHMH TaHKaMH. 8TO ca-
u u u u
MbIH tJepHbIH .l(eHb repMaHcKoH apMHH B HCTOpHH MHpOBOH
BOHHbI; 60eBoH MexaHH3M YTpaTHJI CBOIO nOJIHOueHHOCTb. Ha-
.l(eJK.l(a Ha n06e.l(Y OKOHtJaTeJlbHO PYXHY Jla. Ha,n:o 6bIJlO KOHtJaTb
BOi1:HY .
B TetJeHHe .l(HH aHrJIO-cppaHUY3cKHe BOHcKa npo,n:BHHYJlHCb
Ha 11 KM.
9 a8zycma - <DpaHUY3bI YCHJlHBalOT HaTHCK, B HaCTynJIe-
HHe nepexo,n:HT 1-H cppaHUY3CKaH apMHH.
1918 lOa
613
113-3a ,n;eticTBHH HCTpe6HTeJleti rro )KHBOH CHJle repMaH-
CKHX BOtiCK aHrJlO-cppaHUY3CKaH pa3Be,n;bIBaTeJlbHaH H 60M-
6ap,n;HpOBOtlHaH aBHaUHH, OCTaBJleHHaH B MOMeHT 60eBbIX ,n;eti-
CTBHti 6e3 rrpHKpbITH.SI, nOHeCJlH B 3TH ,n;HH 3HaqHTeJlbHbIe rro-
TepH. TaKJKe crroc06CTBOBaJI 3TOMY H OTKa3 OT 60pb6bI 3a
B03,n;yn£Hoe rocno,n;CTBO H 60M6ap,n;HpOBaHMH repMaHCKHX
a3po,n;pOMOB. AHrJlHqaHe nOTepHJlH 3a rrepBble ,n;Ba ,n;HH orre-
paUHH 142 CaMOJleTa.
IIpaB,n;a, CKa3aJIHCb B 3TOM He TOJlbKO YCHJlI1.S1 repMaHCKHX
aCOB, HO H HepaBHOueHHaH BbIYtlKa JleTHOrO COCTaBa (60Jlb1lIOe
KOJlHqeCTBO HOB06paHueB) H HeOTpa60TaHHOCTb B3aHMo,n;eM-
CTBHH OT,n;eJlbHbIX rpynn II O,n;HHOtlHbIX CaMOJleTOB.
Henocpe,n;CTBeHHoe COrrpOBOJK,n;eHHe 60M6ap,n;HpOBIl{HKOB
H oKatiMJleHHe paHOHa HX 60eBbIX ,n;eHCTBHti 6appa)KHPYlOlltH-
MH HCTpe6HTeJlbHbIMH rpynnaMH OKa3aJIOCb He3cpcpeKTI1BHbIM.
qeTbIpe aHrJlHMCKHe 60M6ap,n;HpOBOqHbIe 3CKMpHJlbH, HaHO-
CHBllIHe B 3TOT ,n;eHb cocpe,n;OTOtleHHbIH 60M60BbIH y,n;ap, rrOl(-
BeprJlHCb 6e3HaKa3aHHOMY Hana,n;eHHIO repMaHCKHX HCTpe6H-
TeJIeti, nOTOMY tITO 50 aHr JlHtiCKHX HCTpe6HTeJIeH COrrpOBOJK-
,n;eHHH H 74 aHrJlMHCKHX HCTpe6HTeJl.Sl, rraTpYJlHpOBaBlllHe
B03,n;yx, npOCTO rrOTepHJlH CBOH 60M6ap,n;HpoBmHKH H3 BI1l(Y.
COI03HHKH, He6bIBaJIOe ,n;eJlO, HatlHHalOT HeCTH HeonpaB-
,n;aHHble 60eBble I10TepH H3-3a M36bITKa CHJI. KOMaH,n;oBaHHe eIl.{e
He CI10C06HO QeTKO opraHH30BaTb TaKYlo Maccy Ol(HOBpeMeH-
HO ,n;eHcTBYIOIl.{HX CaMOJleTOB.
Ha CBoeM 60eBoM CaMOJleTe SVA.5 JleTaeT HM BH,n;HHOM
(CeBepHaH BOJlrapHH) CJlaBHbIti BoeHHbIH JleTtlHK ra6pHeJIe
,n;' AHHYHQHO If pa36pacbIBaeT JlHCTOBKH C B033BaHHeM 06 OKOH-
QaHHH BOHHbI.
10 a8zycma - cI>paHUY3cKoe HacTyrrJleHHe rrpo,n;OJlJKaeT
paaBHBaTbCH, B HaCTyI1J1eHHe rrepexo,n;HT 3-.SI <ppaHUY3CKaJI ap-
MH.SI. cI>paHQY3bI npo,n;OJlJKalOT rrpo,n;BHraTbCH Bnepe,n;.
11 a8zycma - B HOQb repMaHcKHti B03,n;YllIHbIH Kpeticep
N2 43 OTnpaBHJlCH 60M6HTb J{IOJlJIeH (25 KM 3a JlHHHeH CPPOH-
Ta) H C 3a,n;aHHH He BepHYJlC.SI. BOJIbllIaH rpyrrna rOTa BnOJIHe
ycnelliHo aTaKOBaJla 3TanJlb, pacnOJlOJKeHHbIti Herro,n;CL7IeKY OT
BYJIOHH.
614
ABuau,USl BeJlu'Kou BOU:Hbl
o .lJ;HHOtJ:HbIH CaMOJIeT H3 3CKa.n;pMJIbM JIacpaHeTa JIeTaJI B
HeMeUKHX TbIJIaX H BHe3anHO nO.lJ;BeprCH Hana.n;eHHIO CeMH He-
MeUKHX CaMOJIeTOB, O.lJ;HaKO CMOr YHTH.
12 a8zgcma - B HOtJ:b repMaHcKHM B03.lJ;YllIHbIH KpeHcep
NQ 52 OTnpaBHJICH 60M6ap.lJ;HpOBaTb pacnOJIO:>KeHHbIH B 50-TH
KM 3a JIMHMeH cppoHTa He6oJIbIIIOH rOpO.lJ;OK EOBe. BBM.lJ;Y OT
CYTCTBHH npoTMBoB03AYlliHOH 060POHbI rOpO.lJ;Ka, KpeHcep YC-
nelliHO oT6oM6MJICH, O.lJ;HaKO, Ha o6paTHoM nYTH nOTepneJI Ka-
TacTpocpy M cropeJI; BeCb 3KHna)K (KoMaH.lJ;Hp M 4 nMJIOTa) no-
rH6JIH.
13 a8zycma - <DpaHUY3cKoe HaCT)'nJIeHHe, HaTKH)'BIIIHCh
Ha CMJIbHOe COnpOTIIBJIeHHe repMaHCKMX BOHCK, 3aCTOnOpH.7IOcb.
14 a8zycma - B fepMaHMM B Cna COCTOHJICH rocY.lJ;apcTBeH-
HbIM COBeT, peIIIHBIIIHH npHCT)'nMTb K MHpHhIM neperOBopaM.
<DOHK Cpa3HJI TPM HeMeUKMX CaMOJIeTa B O.lJ;HOM JIo60BOM
3aXO.lJ;e 3a .lJ;eCHTb ceKYH.lJ;. Ero )KepTBbI ynaJIH Ha paCCTOHHHM
300 <PYTOB .lJ;Pyr OT .lJ;pyra.
K 3TOMY .lJ;HIO Ha ctJ:eT)' BceM HCTpe6HTeJIbHOH rpynnbI .AMC-
TOB 6bIJIO y)Ke 652 C6HTbIX repMaHcKHx CaMOJIeTa (M3 HMX 347
0<pMUMaJIbHO 3aperHcTpMpoBaHHbIx). O,ltHaKo H <ppaHUY3cKHe
JIeT'lMKH HeCJIH nOTepH; 30 nHJIOTOB norM6JIo M 26 nponano
6e3 BeCTH.
15 a8zycma - AMheHCKaJI onepaUHH AHTaHTbI 3aBepllIeHa.
B HTore onepaUHH aHrJIO-<ppaHUY3cKHe BOHCKa npO.lJ;BMHY-
JIHCh 3a 8 CYTOK Ha rJIy6HHY 23 KM.
AMbeHCKaH HacT)'naTeJIbHaH OnepaIJ;HH HBJIHeTCH KpynHeti-
v v v v
IIIeM 3a BCro BOHHY no KOJIHt:IeCTBY npHMeHHBIIIeMCH B HeH Tex-
HHKM.
Ho npM 3TOM BbIHBI1J1HCh He.lJ;OCTaTKM B CJIa)KeHHOCTM H
B3aHMo.n;eHcTBHH pa3JIMt:IHhIX BI1.n;OB aBHauMHH oco6eHHo aBHa-
UI1H 11 TaHKOB; pa,ltHocBH3h 6bIJIa HeY.lJ;OBJIeTBOpHTeJIhHOH, a
CBH3h CaMOJIeTOB c TaHKaMI1 nocpe.n;CTBOM BbIMneJIOB He on-
paB,ltana ce6H.
TaK)Ke, HecMoTpH Ha MomHhIH MopanbHhIH 3cp<peKT, MaJIO-
3<p<peKTHBHhIMM OKa3aJIHCh 11 60M6ap,ltMpOBKH nepenpaB M
)l(eJle3Ho.n;0p0)l(HhIX Y3J10B H3-3a npHMeHeHHH CJIa6hIX 60M6 (He
60JIee 50 Kr).
1918 zoo
615
TeM He MeHee, HH Ta, HH JJ;pyraSI CTopOHa He co6HpaeTCH
OTJJ;bIxaTb.
16 a8zycma - B HOqb 10 HeMeQKHX CaMOJIeTOB 6oM6ap-
AHpOBaJIH <DpaHUHIO; 3eHHTqHKH HCTpaTHJIH 924 CHapH,n:a H He
Ao6HJIHCb ycnexa.
17 aszgcma - 10-H <ppaHQY3CKaH apMHH nepexo,n:HT B Ha-
cTynJIeHHe C 3a.n;aqeH pa3BHTb ycnex AMbeHcKoH onepaQHH; ee
nO.lJJ(ep:>KHBaIOT 3-H H 1-$1 aHrJIHHCKHe apMHH. COI03HHKH noc-
JIeJJ;OBaTeJIbHbIMH H ynopHbIMH y,n:apaMH B nOCJIe,lI.YIOII(He He-
,n:eJIH HeYKJIOHHO TeCHHT repMaHQeB, 3aCTaBJIH.H repMaHcKHH
lliTa6 OTBO,n:HTb BOHcKa OT p. CKaprr ,n:o p. BeJIb - Ha n03HUMH
3 Hr<PPHtta.
18 a8zycma - BHOBb ,n:06HBaeTcH n06eJJ;bI <DOHK. STOT
,n:eHb 3aMeqaTeJIeH TeM, qTO 3a rOJJ;, C 18 aBrycTa 1917 r. ,n:o cero
AHH, <DOHK o,n:ep:>KaJI pOBHO 50 n06e,n:.
19 a8zycma - B03BpalI(aeTCH K 60eBoH pa60Te 3aMeqa-
TeJIbHbIH repMaHcKHH JIeTqHK Y,n:eT.
Y,n:eT: .Bce npe,n:IlleCTBYIOII(He ,n:HH aHrJIHHCKHe CaMOJIeTbI
u
orHeBOH nO.lJJ(ep:>KKH e:>Ke,lI.HeBHO IllTypMOBaJIH HalliH n03HQHH.
Ka)KJtbIH Beqep C BOCbMH,n:O JJ;eB.HTH qaCOB ,n:Ba "COnBHq KeMe-
JIa" c6pacbIBaIOT JIHCTOBKH. KTO-TO nOKa3bIBaeT MHe O,n:HY H3
HHX. Y JIHCTOBKH qepHO-KpaCHO-:>KeJITaH KaHMa. ,l(e3epTHpbI
npH3bIBaIOT COJI,n:aT B OKonax nOCJIe,n:OBaTh HX npMMepy. "C
BOCbMH ,n:o ,n:eBHTH, rOBopHTe?" - 51 CJIHBalO HeMHoro roplOqe-
ro C CaMOJIeTOB MOHX TOBapHlI(eH H B3JIeTalO. COJIHQe COBceM
HH3KO Ha 3ana.,n;e, OHO OKaHMJIHeT 06JIaKa 6JIeJJ;HO-30JIOThIM. K
lOry OT <DYKoKypa H BCTpeqalO ,n:BOHX. O,n:HH TYT :>Ke JIeTHT Ha
3ana.n, ,n:pyroH OCTaeTCH H npo,n:OJDKaeT c6pacbIBaTb JIHCTOBKH.
MbI MaHeBpHpyeM. Ha CBoeM MaJIeHbKOM H 60JIee JIerKOM ca-
MOJIeTe OH MO:>KeT ,n:eJIaTb 60JIee KpyrbIe BHPIDKH, qeM H Ha TH-
jKeJIOM - ,,<I>oKKepe D VII". Ho H Aep:>KYCb 3a HHM. OH nbITa-
eTC.H C6POCHTb MeHH C XBOCTa H UaqHHaeT neTJIIO Ha BblCOTe
Bcem CTa MeTpOB. 51 CJIe,n:yIO 3a HI1M no nHTaM 11 B BepXHeH TOt.lKe
u
neTJIH qYBCTBYIO JIerKHH y,n:ap, a Kor,n:a CHOBa CMOTpIO BHH3, TO
BH:>KY, KaK 08 C TPYJJ;OM BbI6HpaeTCH H3-no,n: 06JIOMKOB CBoero
CaMOJIeTa. HeMeQKHe COJIJJ;aTbI 6epyr ero B nJIeH. 51 He 3HalO,
\ITO npOH30IllJIO. HaBepHoe, H npOTapaHHJI ero, Kor,n:a npOJIe-
616
ABUa UJl BeJlu'Kou BOUH'bl
TaJI H3.J{ HMM. CerO)):Hg 3TO Y)Ke MOH TpeTMM nOJIeT. Ha tJacax
8:40 .
20 a8zycma - C6pollIeHo 6 60M6 Ha BOCTOtJHYIO CTaHIU110
B TI10HBI1JIe, 2 M3 HMX He paaOpBaJIHCb, 1 paapYIIII1JIa )KeJIe3HO-
)):OpO)KHble nYTM.
B MCTpe611TeJIbHOH rpynne Al1cToB» nOgBJIgeTC.SI JIereH-
,n:apHbIH fappo, 6e)KaBllIHH 113 repMaHCKoro nJIeHa, B KOTOpbIM
OH nonaJI eme BeCHOM1915 r. JIereH,n:apHbIM JIeTql1K BHOBb Ha-
tJl1HaeT yql1TbCg JIeTaTb, nOCKOJIbKY TeXHMKa 3a 3TO BpeMg YllIJIa
,n:aJIeKO Bnepe)):. 06yqaeT ero KOMaH)):l1p 3CKa.ztpI1JIbl1 Kanl1TaH
,n:c CeBeH. fappo JIeTaeT B OqKaX no npMtJl1He nJIOXoro 3peHI1.S1.
fappo 06yqaeTCg He TOJIbKO Y )):e CeBeHa; C HI1M 06cY)K)):aeT
np06JIeMbI cOBpeMeHHoro B03,n:YIIIHoro 60.Sl <I>oHK, KOTOpbIM
cOBeTyeT fappo nO)):HI1MaTbC.SI nOBbIllIe, Ha BbICOTY 6000 M 11
I1CKaTb Bpara TaM.
- A eCJII1 npOTHBHI1K 6y)):eT JIeTaTb Ha 2000 M, BbI 6y)):eTe
ero aTaKOBaTb I1JII1 HeT?
- ECJII1 OH JIeTaeT y ce6g, 3a CBOI1MI1 JII1Hl1gMM, TO C HI1M He
Ha)):o CBg3bIBaTbCg. HY)KHO I1cKaTb, HatJl1HM C 4-4,5 TbICgq MeT-
pOB, TaK KaK 3TO CaMOJIeTbI-pa3Be,n:tJI1KI1, 11 MaHeBpl1pOBaTb Ta-
KMM 06pa30M, tJT06bI 3aMaHI1Tb I1X 3a CBOI1 JIMHI1I1, a 3aTeM OT-
pe3aTb nYTb K oTcTynJIeHI1IO.
Y)):eT: C K(l)K,n:bIM ,l{HeM BoeBaTb Bce Tg)KeJIee. Kor)):a B3JIe-
TaeT' O)):I1H Halli CaMOJIeT, C TOM CTOpOHbI nO)):HI1MaeTCg B B03-
,n:yx n.SlTb. 11 Kor)):a O)):I1H 113 HI1X na.ztaeT pg)):OM C HaMI1, MbI Ha-
6paCbIBaeMCg Ha Hero M CHI1MaeM Bce tJTO MO)KHO, nOTOMY qTO
HaM HI1Kor)):a He XBaTaeT TaKI1X 3aMetJaTeJIbHbIX MHCTpYMeH-
TOB, CI1.S1IOIl.{I1X HI1KeJIeM 11 M e)):b 10. 3TOMY 11306MJII11O MbI He
MO)KeM npOTI1BOnOCTaBI1Tb Hl1tJero, KpOMe Halliero qYBCTBa
,l{OJIra Ii qeTblpeXJIeTHerO onbITa. KajK,n:bIH B3JIeT 03HaqaeT He-
npeMeHHbIH B03)):YIIIHbIH 60H, a MbI B3JIeTaeM tJaCTO. C TpeTbe-
ro no )):Ba.ztu:aTb ngTOe aBrycTa g c611BalO )):Ba.ztu:aTb CaMOJIeTOB
npOTI1BHI1Ka. Ha O)):HOM 113 MepTBbIX HaH)):eH MOM nopTpeT,
Bblpe3aHHbIM 113 ra3eThI C Ha.ztnI1CblO: "Ac H3 aCOB". Kanl1TaH
MepTB 11 y MeHg '"1 enepb - caMbIH 60JIbllIOH CtJeT. BeqepOM
BOCbMoro tJl1CJIa npHXO)):MT npl1Ka3 BceM I1cnpaBHbIM MaIIIHHaM
nepeMeCTI1TbCg BbIllie no TeqeHl110 COMMbI. 3,n:eCb aHrJIl1qaHe
1918 lOa
617
Y:>Ke HeCKOJlbKO .l(Hei1: HaKanJlMBalOTCjI .ltJljl rrpOpbIBa. CHTya-
UM CTaHOBMTC5I .l(.1I5I Hac KpMTMqeCKoit qeTbIpbMjI qeTBepKa-
MM, KaK XMIIJ;HbIe nTMUbI MbI JleTMM Ha ceBep .
22 a8zgcma - B HOqb Ha6J1IO.ltaJIaCb rrOBbIIIleHHajl aKTMB-
HOCTb repMaHcKoti 60M6ap.ltMpOBOQHOM aBMaIJ:I1M. MHorMe JleT-
qMKM 3a O.ltHY HOqb COBepllIMJlM rro 6 HarraL(eHMM.
YL(eT: B3BOJlHOBaHHbIH rOJloc B TeJlecpoHHoH TPy6Ke: "Y Hac
TOJlbKO qTO C6HTbI .l(Ba aapOCTaTa. BpaJKeCKaH aCKa.ztPHJlbjl Bce
erne KPYJKHT Ha.zt HallIMMM rr03MUMHMH". MbI TOTtIaC B3JIeTaeM M
HanpaBJlHeMC5I K EpMtie Ha BbICOTe OKOJlO 1000 M. nO.lt HaMH
uenb HeMeUKMX aapOCTaTOB, npjlMO HaL( HaMM - 6pMTaHCKaH
aCKa,l(pMJlbH, rr5lTb SE-S. MbI OCTaeMCH rrOL( HMMH H )K.lteM MX
CJle.ltYIOIl{eM aTaKH. Ho OHM Me.ltJHIT M, rrOXOJKe, M36eralOT 60jl.
HeOJKHL(aHHo OJJ;MH 1'13 HMX CTpeJlOH npOHOCMTCjI MHMO MeHjI no
HarrpaBJIeHMIO K a3pOCTaTaM. 51 ML(Y 3a HMM. 3TO MX KOMaHLU1p.
51 BMJKY Y3KMM BbIMneJl Ha 60KY. 51 M.lty BHM3, BHM3, BHM3. BeTep
CBMCTMT B BeTpoBoM llU1TKe. 51 L(OJIJKeH HacTMrHYTb ero, He L(aTb
eMY rrOL(OHTH K a3pOCTaTaM. CJlMlliKOM rr03L(HO! TeHb ero caMO-
JleTa rrpOHOCMTC5I no Tyro HaTHHyroH KOJKe aapOCTaTa, KaK pbI6a
rro MeJIKOBO.ltblO. HaPY)I(Y BbI6MBaeTCH MaJIeHbKMM rOJly60BaTbIH
j13bIqOK rrJlaMeHM 1'1 MeL(JleHHO rrOJl3eT rro 60K B CJle.ltYIOIl1HH
MOMeHT cpOHTaH OrH5I BbI6paCbIBaeTC TaM, rL(e Bcero JlI1llIb MrHO-
BeHMe Ha3a.l( iKeJlTO-30JlOTOH MelliOK rrJlbIJI B llIeJlKOBHCTOM COJl-
HeqHOM CM HHH... COJl.ltaTbI, 06CJlY)KHBaBllIHe Ka6eJIb aapOCTa-
Ta pa36eraIOTCjI B pa3Hble CTOpOHbI, fIO SE-S YIKe BblpOBHHJlCjI H
HeceTC Ha 3arra.l( Ha.zt caMoH 3eMJleti. OH TaK HM3KO, qTO MaIIlH-
Ha CJIHBaeTCjI co cBoeM TeHblO. 1-10 jI YJKe rrOBI1C Ha era XBOCTe M
HaQMHaeTCH L(HKaH rOHKa Bcero B Tpex MeTpax Ha.zt 3eMJleH. MbI
nepenpbIrMBaeM qepe3 TeJlerpacpHble CTOJI6bI 1'1 orM6aeM L(epe-
Bbjl. MOrytIMti npbI)KOK Ha.zt llInHJIeM uepKBH B MapeKype, HO jI
JIeqy 3a HHM KaK npHKJIeeHHbIH. 51 He c06MpaIOCb ero OTrrYCKaTb.
fJIaBHaH .ltopora Ha Appac. 06CaJKeHHaH 3eJIeHbIMM L(epeBbjlMM,
OHa THHeTCjI qepe3 JIaH.ltllIacpT KaK 3eJIeHa,jl CTeHa. OH JleTMT crrpa-
Ba OT L(epeBbeB, 51 - CJleBa. KaJK.ltbIH pa3, KOrL(a MeJK.ltY L(epeBb -
MM pa3pbIB, jI CTpeJI5IlO. B.ltOJlb L(OpOrH, Ha JlYry, YKperrMJlaCb He-
MeQKaH rreXOTa. XOT5I 51 Y Hero Ha XBOCTe, OH HaqHHaeT CTpeJIjlTb
B HMX. 3TO ero OllIH6Ka.
618
Aeua14UJl BeJlUKOU eOUllbl
B 3TOT CaMbIH MOMeHT 51 nepenpbIfHBalO 1.Jepe3 BepXYllIKH
,ltepeBbeB - Hac pa3,lteJl5leT He 60JlbllIe ,lteC$lTH MeTpOB - H BbI-
rrYCKalO 01.Jepe,ltb. Ero MallIHHa Tp5lCeTC5I. Ee KH,ltaeT H3 CTOpO-
HbI B CTOPOHY. CBaJIHBaeTC5I B llITorrop, KaCaeTC5I 3eMJlH, OT-
CKaKHBaeT CHOBa KaK KaMeHb, nYlIteHHbIH Ha.z:t nOBepXHOCTblO
BO,ltbI, H cKpbIBaeTC$l3a MaJIeHbKOH 6epeaoBoH pOIItHneH. BBepx
B3,ltbIMaeTC$I 06J1aKO nbIJlH. nOT CTpYHTC$I Y MeH$I no JlHUY, 3a-
TYMaHHBM JleTHbIe 01.JKH. 51 BbITHpalO Jl06 PYKaBOM. 12:30 ,n;H$I,
caMbIH rOp$l1.JHH ,lteHb ro,n;a. IIo1.JTH COpOK rpa,n;ycoB BbIllIe HY JI$I,
a BO BpeM$I npeCJle,ltOBaHH$I MOH MOTOp ,n;eJlaJI 1600 060pOTOB B
MHHYTY. 51 OrJl5l,n;bIBaIOCb no CTopOHaM H BHjI(Y TPH SE-5. OHH
OTOpBaJIHCb OT Moero 3CKa.l{pOHa H Tenepb IIHKHPYIOT Ha MeH$I,
1.JT06bI OTOMCTHTb 3a CMepTb CBoero KOMaHJJ;Hpa. Y caMoH 3eM-
JlH $I 06J1eTaIO 6epe30BYIO polIty, 6bICTpO OrJl$l,n;bIBaIOCb 1.Jepe3
rrJIe1.Jo. OHH pa3,lteJlHJIHCb. ,l{Boe nOBOpa1.JHBaIOT K 3ana,n;y, oc-
TaBHB MeH$I Hae,n;HHe C TpeTbHM. Tenepb 51 3HalO, 1.JTO HMelO ,lteJlO
C TaKTH1.JeCKH rpaMOTHbIMH H YMeJlbIMH onnOHeHTaMH. HOBH1.J-
KH HaJIeTeJlH 6bI Ha MeH$I BceM CKorrOM. CTapbIH JleNHK-HC-
Tpe6HTeJlb 3HaeT, 1.JTO BO BpeM$I npeCJle,ltOBaHH$I TbI TOJlbKO Me-
llIaellIb ,ltpyrHM. ,l{eJla MOH CKJIa.l{bIBaIOTC$I HeB3.)KHO.' TOT, Tpe-
THH CaMOJleT npH6J1HjI(aeTC$I KO MHe. 51 oueHHBaIO ,n;HCTaHUHIO
npHMepHo B TpH,n;uaTb MeTpoB, HO OH He CTpeJl$leT. "OH X01.JeT
c6HTb MeH$I TpeM$I-1.JeTbIpbM$I BbICTpeJlaMH", - ,ltOra.ZJ;bIBaIOCb
H. JIaH,ltIllaQ:>T COCTOHT H3 MeJlKO nepeKaTbIBaIOIItHXCH XOJIMOB,
I1CrreII.1peHHbIX MaJleHbKHMH pOIItHuaMH. 51 KPYJKYCb BOKpyr
HHX. Cpe,n;H ,n;epeBbeB H 3aMe1.JalO HeMeUKHX nYJIeMeT1.JHKOB.
OHH rJla3elOT Ha Hac. "ECJlH 6bI OHH TOJIbKO Ha1.JaJII1 CTpeJIHTb,
1.JT06bI H36aBHTh MeHH OT rrpeCJle,ltOBaHHH". Ho OHH He CTpeJIH-
IOT. B03MOjl(HO, MbI CJlHllIKOM 6J1H3KO ,ltpyr K ,ltpyry, OHH 60HT-
CH, 1.JTO nOna,ltYT B MeHH BO BpeMH 3THX CKa1.JKOB BBepX-BHH3. 51
CMOTpIO Ha 3eMJIIO. BOT 3,n;ecb MHe H npe,n;cToHT pa36HTbCHI
3aTeM 51 olItylItalO JlerKHH y,ltap no KOJleHY. 51 CMOTplO BHH3 H
1.JYBCTBYIO CJla,n;KoBaTbIH 3anax <pocQ:>opa, - .ZJ;bIpa B Kop06e ,n;JIH
60enpHnaCOB. )l(apKo - Ha1.JHHeHHbIe Q:>OCCPOPOM 3aJKHraTeJlb-
HbIe naTpoHhI 3aropeJlHCb - 1.Jepe3 HeCKOJlbKO ceKYH,n; MOM ca-
MOJleT 6y,n;eT 06'bHT IIJlaMeHeM. B TaKoH CHTyaUHM JIyt.IllIe He
pa3,n;YMbIBaTb. HY)KHO JlH60 ,n;eMcT!.\oBaTb, JlH60 IIorI16aTb. I-Ia-
1918 lOa
619
)l(aTMe Ha CnYCK nYJIeMeTa M H pa3pH)KalO CBOM nYJIeMeTbI B ro-
JIy60e He6o, 3a TpaCCepaMH THHYTCH 6eJIble lJ;bIMKM. 51 OrJIHlJ;bI-
BalOCb tlepe3 nJIetlO, 3aTaMB ,l!bIXaHMe, M 3aTeM ,l!eJIalO HeCKOJIb-
KO rJIy60KHX BlJ;OXOB-BbI,l(OXOB. IIpoTMBHMK nOBOpatlMBaeT,
H36erCUI nOJIOC 6eJIoro ,l!bIMa. MOJKeT 6bITb, OH nO,l!YMaJI, qTO 51
CTpeJlHIO Ha3azJ;. 51 JIeqy ,l!OMOH. KOCHYBIIIMCb 3eMJIM H npO,l!OJI-
)l(alO KaKoe-To BpeM.H CM,l!eTb B Ka6HHe. BepeH,l! nOMoraeT MHe
BbIJIe3TM. .
23 a8zgcma - Y,l!eT: 51 B3JIeTalO C MOHM 3BeHOM. Pa3phI-
BbI Ha ropM30HTe, MaJIeHbKMe qepHbIe 06JIaqKa HeMel.{KMX 3e-
HMTOK nOKa3bIBaIOT, qTO apTMJIJIepMCTbI 3aMeTMJIM BpaJKeCKMM
CaMOJIeT. OHM nO,l!XOlJ;HT 6JIMJKe, ceMb CaMOJIeTOB, ,l(BYXMeCT-
HbIe, TMna ",l{e XeBMJIJIeH,l!-9". Mbl - BllIeCTepOM. Ho 3TO aMe-
pMKaHQbI, HOBMtlKM Ha <PPOHTe, B TO BpeM5I KaK caMblM MOJIO-
,l!OM M3 Hac MMeeT MHHMMYM LJ;Ba rO,l!a <ppOHTOBoro onblTa. MbI
BCTpeqaeMCH HenO,l!aJIeKY OT JIeTHOrO nOJIH. BCH 6MTBa MMTC.H
He 60JIbllIe nHTM MMHYT. fJIIOqeBCKH c6MBaeT O,l!HOrO, KpaYT -
,l!pyroro. MOM nalJ;aeT, 06'bHTbIM nJIaMeHeM, He,l(aJIeKO OT MOII-
TeHMHreHa. ,l{PyrMe pa3BOpaqMBalOTCH M JIeTHT ,l!OMOH. O,l(I1H
npoHocMTCH npHMo HazJ;O MHOM. 51 3aXO)Ky Ha CBoeM "C1>oKKe-
pe" eMY B XBOCT H OTKpbIBalO orOHb. OH He MOJKeT YCKOJIb3HYTb
OT MeHH. OH caM BJleTaeT B Oqepe,l!b M B3pbIBaeTCH B n5lTM,l!eC.H-
TM MeTpax HaltO MHOM, TaK qTO MHe npMXOLJ;MTCH pe3KO nMKM-
pOBaTb H OTBOpaqMBaTb B CTOPOHY, tIT06hI M36eJKaTb CTOJIKHO-
BeHMH C ropHmMMH 06JIOMKaMH. TpeTMH npOXO,l(MT MMMO MeH5I,
HanpaBJIHHCb Ha 3ana.l{. Ha ero XBOCTe - nOJIOCKM KOMaH,l(Mpa.
51 M,l(Y 3a HHM. Kor,l!a OH 3aMeqaeT, qTO ero npeCJIe,l!yroT, nOBO-
patlHBaeTCH M CMOTpMT na MeHH. OTKY,l(a-TO C60KY pa3.n;aIOTC.H
3BYKM CTpeJIb6bI. 51 qYBCTBYIO CBepJIHIl1YIO 60JIb B JIeBOM 6ett-
pe, roplOtlee XJIemeT M3 np06MToro 6aKa, nOJIMBasI MeHH KaK 113
,l(Yllia. 51 BbIKJIlOqalO 3aJKMraHMe M CaJKycb. MOM TOBapMIl1M CO-
6MpalOTCH BOKpyr. OHM MOrJIH Ha6JIIO,l(aTb BeCb XO,l( 60H np5lMO
C JIeTHOrO nOJIH. OHM rOBopHT B3BOJIHOBaIlHO:
- Hy, Y,l(eT, napeHb, Te6e nOBe3JIO...
51 BbIJIe3alO M3 CaMOJIeTa M CMOTplO na paHY. IIy JIH rrpOlliJIa
qepe3 6e,l(po. PaHa Bce ell1e KPOBOTOqMT. Bce paccTynalOTC}I B
CTOpOlIbI H KO MHe nO,l!XO,l(HT fepMlir. 51 ,l(OKJIa,l{bIBaIO:
620
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80UHbi
- IllecTb,l(ecHT nepBbIH H llIeCTb,l!ecHT BTOpOH C6HTbI. 51 JIer-
KO paHeH. IIpocTpeJIeHa JIeBaR IUeKa, JIHI..{O He nOBpe:>K,l!eHO.
fepHHr CMeeTCH H TpHceT MHe PYKY.
- 3.n;OPOBO, KOr,l!a CHJJ;HllIb 3,l!eCb H OCTaBJIHellib ,l!PY3bHM
Bce n06e,l!bI, - rOBopHT OH, KaK XOpOllIHH 60eBOH TOBapMIU .
fpeH: IIepBbIM y6HTbIM H3 CBoero I..{HpKa PMXTrO<peH Ha-
3bIBaeT Ille<p<pepa. 3TOT tIeJIOBeK ,l!0 BOHHb! :>KHJI B JIoH,l!OHe,
yqHJI aHrJIHHCKHH, pa60TaJI B CHTH H 3aHHMaJIC5I cnopTOM, M
Bce rOBOpHJIH, qTO OH tIY,l!eCHbIH napeHb.
IIoTOM 6bIJI C6HT <Docc, KOTOpbIH norH6 B 6010, Ha3BaHHOM
ero yqaCTHHKaMH O,l!HHM H3 caMbIX raJIaHTHblX Cpa:>KeHHH 3TOM
BOMHbI. Ha "C1>oKKepe" C <ppaHQY3cKHM MOTOpOM POH - 51BHO
3KcnepHMeHTaJIbHOH MallIHHe, C03,l!aHHOH ,l!JIH 6blcTporo Ma-
HeBpMpOBaHHH - OH O,l!HH CpIDKaJICH C llIeCTblO HallIHMM naT-
PY JI5IMH. 3TO 6bIJI xpa6peQ Hac, Bce'r,l!a nocTynaBlliHH YMHO 11
XJIa.ztHOKpOBHO.
OCTaJIbHble QHpKaqH norM6JIM n03:>Ke, M CeHqaC 5111ITa PHXT-
ro<peHa COCTOHT H3 pa3HOlliepCTHOH TOJInbI OTtIaRHHbIX CMeJIb-
qaKOB, qaCTMqHO Ha6paHHbIX H3 3CKan;pHJIbH BeJIbKe. OHM BOB-
CIO CTapalOTCH fIOMep:>KMBaTb CJIaBY PHXTrO<peHa. 11 B HallieH
aBMaQMM HeT HHKoro, KTO 6bI He BOCTOpraJICH rH6eJIblO JII060ro
H3 HMX - H KTO He 3axoTeJI 6bI nOCH,l!eTb C HMMH 3a O,l!HHM CTO-
JIOM nOCJIe BOHHbI. OHM qeCTHble BparM H xpa6pbIe JIIO,l!H .
3pHCT IOHrep: KaK-TO pa3 B aBrycTe 1918-ro 51 ,l!eJIHJI KOM-
HaTY C MOJIO,l!bIM JIeTqHKOM H3 3CKa.ztpMJIbM 6apOHa PMXTfO<pe-
Ha. BeHQeJIb npHHa,l!JIe:>KaJI K KoropTe aTJIeTHqeCKH CJIO:>KeH-
HbIX, OTqaHHHO CMeJIbIX JIIO,l!eH, KOTopble elIte pO:>K,l!aIOTCH B
HallieH CTpaHe. OH CBHTO CJIe,l!OBaJI ,l!eBM3Y CBoeH 3CKa,l!pHJIbl1
,,)KeJIe3HCUI BOJIH M 6e30rJIH,l!HbIH pHCK!" H Y:>Ke C6MJI 12 caMO-
JIeTOB npOTHBHHKa. JIHllib B nOCJIe,l!HeM 6010 nYJIH pa3,l!p06M-
JIa eMY npe,l!nJIeqbe .
30 a8zycma - C6pollIeHbI O,l!Ha 60M6a Ha CeBepHYIO CTaH-
QMIO B TMOHBMJIe M ceMb - Ha BOCTOqHYIO.
fappo 3CU1BJIHeT, tITO Y:>Ke BnOJIHe rOTOB K 60eBbIM nOJIe-
TaM. BeqepOM OH BbIJIeTaeT B nepBoe 60eBoe naTpYJIMpOBaHMe
C ,l!e CeBeHoM H elIte ,l!BYMH MCTpe6MTeJIHMM. ,l{e CeBeH, 3aMe-
TMB C1>oKKep , nOKatIHBaHMeM KpbIJIbeB npe,l!ynpe:>K,l!aeT TO-
1918 lOa
621
BapMIUe:H. TOJIbKO O,l!MH fappo He 3aMeqaeT CMfHaJIa M npoJJ;OJI-
jf(aeT JleTeTb, He MeHSISI Kypca.
CeMb CI>oKKepoB 3alIIJIM Ha aTaKYIOIUYIO n03MQMIO, HO JJ;e
CeBeH npMKpbIJI fappo M npMHSlJI 60M Ha ce6S1. fappo no-npe-
jKHeMY npoJJ;OJI:>KaJI nOJIeT, He 3aMeTMB JJ;a:>Ke 60Sl, M CKOpO npo-
naJI M3 BMJJ;a. 06ecnOKoeHHbIM cYJJ;b60:H TOBapMIUa, JJ;e CeBeH
pe3KO BbIXOJJ;MT M3 B03JJ;YlIIHOfO 60Sl, OTbICKMBaeT fappo M B03-
BpaIUaeTCSI C HMM Ha a3pOJJ;pOM.
.H 60JlblIIe HMKY,l!a He fOtteH, Ha 60eBbIX CKOpOCTSIX SI HM-
1.J:ero He BM:>KY , - COKPYlIIaJICSI fappo nOCJIe noca.n;KM.
CEHTH6Pb
K HaqaJIY ceHTSl6pSl aHfJIO-cppaHQY3CKMe BO:HCKa rrpOJJ:BMHY-
JIMCb Ha 150-KM yqacTKe cppOHTa ,l!0 35 KM. fepMaHcKMe BOMCKa
OTXOJJ;SlT OT p. CKapn JJ;O p. BeJlb, MMM OqMIUeH BbIcryrr Ha p. JIMC.
OnepaQMM rrpOBOJJ;HJIMCb COlO3HbIMM apMMSlMI1 IIpl1 nOJJ;aB-
JISlIOIUeM npeBOCXOJJ;CTBe CMJI M TeXHMqeCKMX cpeJJ;CTB, C Macco-
BbIM rrpMMeHeHMeM TaHKOB M CaMOJIeTOB M MOIUHbIMM, XOTSI M
KOpOTKMMM, apTnOJJ;fOTOBKaMM.
B XO,l!e npOBeJJ:eHHbIX ,l!0 ceHTjJ6pSl 1918 f. 60M6apJJ:MpoBOK
nOfM6JIo 237 qeJlOBeK cppaHQY30B M 539 6bIJIO paHeHO. 13 rep-
MaHCKMX 60M6apJJ;MpOBIUMKOB 6hIJIM YHMtITO:>KeHbI. BOMcKa
TIBO, BO Bcex MMrrepMaJIMCTM1.J:eCKI1X focY,l!apCTBax, B HaqaJIe
BO:HHbI cYIlteCTBoBaBlIIMe JlMllib B 3aqaT01.J:HOH cpopMe, CTaJIM K
KOHQY BOMHbI MrpaTb 3HaqMTeJIbHYIO pOJIb.
B HaqaJIe MeCSlQa CTpaTefMqeCKa.sI pa3Be,l!Ka 6bIJla HeB03-
MO)KHa M3-3a HM3KO BMCSlIUMX 06JIaKoB. Ha He60JIbIllOH BbICO-
Te OTJJ:eJIbHbIe pa3Be,l!bIBaTeJIbHbIe CaMOJIeTbI B 3TOT nepMOJJ; Y)Ke
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JIeM TaK:>Ke MMeJla CMbICJI JIMllib no nYTM B TbIJI rrpOTMBHMKa;
rrpM B03BpameHMM, CBOM MCTpe6MTeJIM He MOfJIM 3aIUMTMTb OT
Hana.n;aBIlIMX C3a,n;M. Ha6J1IOJJ;aTb :>Ke 3a TbIJlaMM YfpO:>KaBIlIMX B
paHOHe KaM6p3 rrpopbIBOM aHrJIMtIaH 6bIJlO He06xoJJ;MMO. B
oc06eHHO O)KMBJIeHHbIX MeCTax Cpa:>KeHMM fepMaHQbI CTaJII1
npMMeHSlTb ,l!JISI B03JJ;YIlIHoro 3arpIDK,l!eHMSI, CBOJJ:SI MX BoeJJ:H-
HO, oxpaHHbIe OTpSl,l!bI, C03,l!aHHble B QeJISIX flBD TbIJIa. 3TM
622
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rpYIIIIbI BecbMa YCIIeIIIHO IIpOH3BOtJ;HJIH pa3BeJJ;KY, HeCMOTpH HM
Ha KaKoe COIIpOTMBJIeHHe.
B IIepBble JJ;HH CeHTH6pH, JJ;HH 60JIbIIIHX CpIDKeHHH Ha COM-
Me, repMaHCKHe JIeTtIHKH 6ecnpeCTaHHO C paCCBeTa H JJ;O IIO-
3.ZJ;Hero BetIepa He TOJIbKO OCYll.{eCTBJIHJIH pa3BeJJ;KY, HO H HeCJIH
IIITypMOBYIO CJIY)K6y. ABHaUHH OKa3aJIaCb caMblM aKTHBHbIM
u u
BHJ{OM H3 Bcex repMaHCKHX BOHCK B aTOT nepMOJJ; BOHHbI.
3 ceHmR6pR - fepMaHcKCUI IIOJJ;BO.ZJ;HCUI JIOJJ;Ka aTaKOBaJIa B
KaHaJIe 6pHTaHcKoe CY.ZJ;HO B MOMeHT CMeHbI Ha6JIIOJJ;aTeJIeH Ha
npHB.H3HOM aapOCTaTe; Kopa6JIb 6bIJI nOTOnJIeH. B KOHQe KOH-
nOB, 6pHTaHCKOH CTOpOHOH 6bIJI C.ZJ;eJIaH BbIBOJJ;, qTO IIpMMeHe-
HHe IIpHB.H3HbIX aapOCTaTOB .ZJ;JIH oxpaHbI CY.ZJ;OB OT IIO.ZJ;BOJJ;HbIX
JIOJJ;OK HeueJIeco06pa3HO.
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K p. COMMe, IO)f(Hee llepoHHa, B TOM Mecre, r.ZJ;e 6bIJIH MOCTbI Y
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npH.HTCTBYeT .n;eHCTBHIO IIIT)'pMOBOH aBHaUMH. HeCKOJIbKHMH
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TeJIbHbIe "faJIb6epmT3,l{TbI" JIeTm BlIepeJJ;, K <PPO ..
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IIpOTHBHHKOM. HepBbI HaIIp.H:>KeHbI JJ;O KpaHHocTH... B paapy-
IIIeHHoH orHeM IIepoHHe, BnpaBo nepeJJ; HaMH, B IIOJIHOM paa-
rape IIO:>Kap, H CKOpO H3 .n;bIMa BbIJJ;eJI.HeTCH 6JIeCT.H CUI JIeHTa
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THpyeMC.H no nJIaHY; npaBHJIhHO: TaM HanpaBO BpH H BJIeBO
CeH-KpHCT! VI MOCTbI MO)f(HO TO)f(e HCHO Pa3JIHQHTb B BHJJ;e
TOHKHX HHTeH... BJJ;Pyr, 6JIH3KO IIepe.n; HaMH, KaK 6eJIble M.HQH,
nepBbIe mpaIIHeJIH... HO OHH He MeIIIaIOT. C KOMaH.ZJ;Horo caMO-
u
JIeTa IIOJJ:aeTCH paKeTHbIH CHrHaJI, H Bce JIeT'IHKH KPYTO HJJ:YT
BHM3 K MOCTaM... CTpeJIKa aJIbTHMeTpa 6bICTpO nOKa3hIBaCT
300 M, 200, 150... CepJJ;Qe KOJIOTHTCH, rOTOBoe paaopBaTbC.H...
· KOMalfJlHp rcpMaliCKOH IllTYPMOOOH aOHalll1H.
1918 lOa
623
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)J;H Hac rycTbIe KOJIOHHbI neIllMX, KOHHbIX M 06030B...
BeIlleHbIH nYJIeMeTHbIH orOHb 3a6paCbIBaeT npOTMBHHKa.
CHa1iaJIa KIDKeTC.H, 6Y)J;TO MbI CTpeJI.HeM 6e3 BM,ltHMOrO pe3Y JIb-
TaTa. Ho CKOpO npOHCXO)J;MT Bce06I.l{(UI CYMaToxa, nepeXO,lt.H-
IUIDI B naHHKY. lleillHe JII01J.H, BCan;HHKM M nOB03KH HaqMHaIOT
MeTaTbC.H KaK yropeJIble... M B ,ltMKOM 6e3YMMM pa36eraIOTC.H BO
Bce CTOpOHbI. Ha MOCTax JKe CM.HTeHHe eI.l{e 60JIbIllee: npoxo-
JJ;.HlI.\Me 3anp.HJKKM npblraIOT B peKY, T.HHyr 3a C060H JIIO,lteH... M
HeBOJIbHO JJ;YMaeTC.H: He BCeJIMJIC.H JIH B STY TOJIny caM l(b.HBOJI.
B TaKOH xaoc HeYMOJIHMO JIeT.HT 60M6bI H pyqHble rpaHaTbI,
H3 KOTOpbIX - KaK .H 3aMeTHJI - HeKOTopble nOnaJIH B caMble
MOCTbI. MbI Ha BbICOTe e,ltBa B 100 M. BHJtHbI Bce MeJIOqM. llpo-
JlereB 1Ia,n; KOJIOHHaMH, nOBOpaqHBaeM Ha3a,a JVI.H BTOpMqHOrO
Hana,aeHH.H. B3rJI.H,lt HeBOJIbHO OXBaTbIBaeT MeCTHOCTb BOCTOq-
Hee peKM. B O,ltHOM ca,n;y BH,ltHO OT 20 AO 30 BCan;HHKOB, BnJIOT-
HYIO npMJKaBllIMXCH K CTeHe. HaBepnoe, KaKoH-HH6Y,ltb BbICIllHH
wTa6. CHoBa TpeIUMT nYJIeMer; H 3l(eCb npOMCXOJJ;HT CM.HTeHMe,
Bce pacceHBalOTC.H H CKaqyr B pa3Hble CTOpOHbI... Bl(pyr JJ;Ba O,lt-
HOMeCTHbIX CaMOJIeTa, THna "COnBHq", Hana,aalOT Ha Halll,ltMBM-
3HOH C JIeBOrO <pJIaHra. llocJIe KopOTKoro 60.H .H BMJKY, KaK O,ltMH
M3 HHX 6bICTpO na,n;aer, a ,ltpyroH nOBOpaqMBaeTC.H M YXOJJ;MT.
ElI.\e JJ;Ba pa3a B0306HOBJI.HJIH MbI Hanan;eHHe Ha KOJIOHHbI
nYJIeMeTHbIM 06CTpeJIOM, nOKa He M3paCXO,ltOBaJIM nOqTH Bce
naTpOHbI. B03BpaT.HCb Ha CBOH aSpO,ltpOM, MbI 6bICTpO nonOJI-
HMJIM 60eBble 3anaCbI M MJJ;eM CHOBa B aTaKY... 11 Ha STOT pa3
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624
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nOJIHOMaCllITa6HCUI BOeHHCUI OnepaI.{H.R, npoBe,n:eHH£UI aMepM-
KaHCKOH apMMeH.
,l{JI.R yqacTM.R B OnepaQMM 6bIJIO CKOHl.{eHTpMpoBaHo 2900
Opy,n:MH, 273 TaHKa M 1100 CaMOJIeTOB (nOJIOBMHa CaMOJIeTOB
6bIJIa npe,n:OCTaBJIeHa aMepMKaHl.{aM <ppaHI.{Y3aMM).
12 ceHmR6pR - ATaKa npOM3Bo,n:MJIaCb Ha 64-KM yqaCTKe
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B.Rm:eMC.R HacTynJIeHMM, paCnOp.R,n:MJIOCb OTBeCTM C BblcTyrra
qaCTh BOHCK M apTMJIJIepMM.
ApTnoJJ:roToBKa, TeM He MeHee, HaqaJIaCb HeO:>KMJJ:aHHO B
MOMeHT 3BaKyal.{MM repMaHCKMX BOHCK. AMepMKaHCKa.R nexo-
Ta aTaKOBaJIa npM nOJLl{ep:>KKe TaHKOB H 60JIbllIOrO KOJIl1qeCTBa
CaMOJIeTOB M MMeJIa 60JIhllIOH ycnex.
13 ceHmR6pR - repMaHcKMe BOHCKa 6ecnOp.R,n:OtIHO OTCTY-
nalOT no,n: HanopOM aMepMKaHl.{eB.
14 ceHmR6pR - PMKeH6eKep JJ:OCTMr HOBoro ycnexa, C6MB
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15 ceHmR6pR - AMepMKaHcKMe BOMCKa BbIlliJIM Ha <ppOHT
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COI03HMKM npe,n:npI1H.RJIM pellIl1TeJIbHOe HacTYnJIe l1e Ha
DaJIKaHCKOM <ppoHTe.
16 ceumR6pR - B HOqh 50 HeMel.{KMX CaMOJIeTOB BhIJIeTe-
JII1 Ha 60M6apJJ:MpoBKY Cl>paHQMM, 3 M3 HI1X 60M6ap,n:MpOBaJIM
IIapMJK; 3eHMTql1KMMCTpaTMJIM 13 434 CHap.R,n:a M C6MJIM 2 ca-
MOJIeTa.
CpeJJ:M npOqMX ropoJJ:oB aHrJIMqaHe 60M611JIMM KaM6pe.
3pHCT IOHrep: IIoJIHoJIYHMe 6JIarOnpM.RTCTBOBaJIO qac-
TbIM BM3MTaM BpaJKeCKMX JIeTqMKOB, M3 qero MbI 3aKJIIOQI1JIM,
QTO npeBocxo,n:CTBO npoTMBHOM CTOpOHhI B 60eBoH TeXHMKe
HenpephIBHo B03paCTaJIo. C HacTynJIeHMeM HOtIM JJ:eC.RTKM ca-
MOJIeTOB nOJJ:nJIhIBaJIl1 no CBeT.RrneMYC.R He6y K KaM6pe M ero
oKpeCTHOCT.RM M c6paChIBaJIM CBOM cMepToHocHbIH rpY3. 113
JJ:YIlIeBHoro paBHOBeCM.R Hac BhIBO,n:MJIM He CTOJIb KOMapMHoe
HbIThe MOTOpOB M JJ:OJIroe 3XO pa3phIBOB, CKOJIhKO TonOT Hor M
TpeBOJKHhle rOJIOca X03.ReB, TOpOnJIMBO cnYCKaBllIMXC5I B rroJJ:-
1918 lOa
625
Ban... O,n:Ha M:3 60M6 pa30pBaJIaCb np MO no,n: OKHaMM: rOCTM:-
HOW, pa3BOpOTM:JIa yrOJI KpOBaTM:, lliBbIPHY JIa Ha nOJI cn IUero
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MH KaMeHHYIO CTeHY ,n:OMa .
17 cenmR6pR - AHrJIM:HCKM:e M: aBCTpaJIMHCKM:e BBC 60M-
6HJIM: HeMeQKM:e H TypeQKM:e JIM:HM:M: CB 3M: B l1eHM:He.
18 cenmR6pR - COI03HM:KM: npOpBaJIM: <ppOHT 60JIrapCKOH
apMM:H Ha yqaCTKe B 25 KM. B npopbIB 6bIJIa BBe,n:eHa KaBaJIC-
pM:.R. OTcTynaBlliM:e BOHCKa nOJJ:BepraJIMCb CM:JIbHbIM HaJIeTaM
COlO3HOH aBM:aQM:H.
19 cenmR6pR - HaqaJIacb HacTynaTeJIbHaJI onepaUM: aH-
rJIM:qaH B TYPQM:H.
24 cenmR6pR - TypeQKM:e apMM:M: t.JaCTblO YHMtITO)KeHbl,
t.JaCTblO nJIeHeHbI.
25 cenmR6pR - 37 <ppaHQY3CKM:X M: aMepM:KaHCKM:X SCKa.n:-
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CKHH JIec.
PM:KeH6eKep CTaJI KOMaH,n:M:pOM 94-H SCKan:pMJIbM M: B STOT
:>Ke ,n:eHb BbI3BaJIC B O,n:MHOt.JHoe naTpYJIM:pOBaHM:e. OH 06Ha-
PY:>KM:JI rpynny M:3 n TH «<I>oKKepoB M: ,n:BYX «11uIb6epIllTa,n:-
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TY Ka)KJJ:oro TM:na. 3Ta arpeCCM:BHa CTbIt.JKa npM:HeCJIa eMY
<ppaHQY3CKM:H BoeHHbIH KpecT (Croix de Guerre) 11 CTOJIb JKe-
JIaHHYIO Me,n:aJIb fIOqeTa (U.S. Medal of Honor), XOT OHa M
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626
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26 ceHmR6p1l - B 5 'lac. 30 MHH. YTpa nOCJIe TpeXqaCoBoti
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aMepHKaHCKaJI apMH.JI, HMeBllIaJI 15 neXOTHbIX H 1 KaBaJIepHti-
CKYIO JJ:HBH3HH, 2400 OPYJJ:HH, H3 KOTOpbIX 60JIbllIe nOJIOBHHbI
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Ke <ppoHTa; BOHcKa 4-H <ppaHQY3cKOH apMHH npHcOe.lJ;HHHJIHCb
K 1-H aMepHKaHcKoH nOCJIe 10-TH qaCOBOH apTnO.lJ;rOToBKH.
COI03HHKH npoJJ:BHHYJIHCb Ha rJIy6HHY OT 3-x.lJ;o 9-TH KM. Maac-
ApJJ:eHHcKasi onepaQHH 3HaMeHOBaJIa C060H o6Il(ee TOTaJIbHOe
HacrynJIeHHe BOHCK AHTaHTbI.
I1cTpe6HTeJIbHaH rpynna AHCTOB. nepeMeIl(aeTC.H B llIaM-
naHb JJ:JIH nOJJ:.lJ;epiKKH HacrynJIeHHH 4-H apMHH. rappo, nOCJIe-
u
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060JJ:PHJIC.JI. OH BbIJIeTaeT B nape C JJ:e CeBeHoM H npH aTaKe
KOMaHJJ:HpoM repMaHcKoro pa3Be.lJ;tlHKa cTapaTeJIbHO npHKpbI-
BaeT XBOCT JJ:e CeBeHa. rappo JJ:aJKe He aTaKyeT BToporo pa3BeJJ:-
qHKa, BbInOJIHHH CTpOrHH npHKa3 JJ:e CeBeHa He npe.lJ;npHHH-
u u
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C6HB IIIeCTb repMaHCKHX CaMOJIeTOB B OJJ:HH JJ:eHb.
27 ceHm1l6pR - HacT)'nJIeHHe 1-H aMepHKaHcKoM apMHH
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u
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repMaHH: «51 H CeMtlaC BH)KY aMepHKaHCKYIO 6aTapelO Tor-
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-npyrHx no IIOJI5IM, H Bce B CYMaToxe 6e:>KaJIH B pa3Hble CTOpO-
HbI....
B HacTynJIeHHe nepelliJIH 1-H H 3-H 6pHTaHCKHe apMHH.
28 ceHm1l6p1l - IIepexoJJ:HT B HaCTynJIeHHe <I>JIaHJJ:pcKCUI
rpynIIa - 12 6eJIbrHHcKHx IIeXOTHhIX JJ:HBH3HM H 1 KaBaJIepHH-
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29 ceHmR6pR - IIpH nOMep)KKe 1-H <ppaHQY3cKOH apMHH
B HaCTYIIJIeHHe IIepeXO.lJ;HT 4-H 6pHTaHcKCUI apMHH.
DOJIrapH5I nOJJ:IIHCbIBaeT nepeMHpHe C AUTaHTOM.
1918 lOiJ
627
COCTaBJIeHHbIH <I>ollleM nJIaH COI03HHKOB, paCCtlHThIBaB-
u u u
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nOCTpoeHHbIH Ha HaHeceHHH CHJIhHbIX y.n;apOB no CXO.n;HIl1HM-
CR HanpaBJIeHHRM, C03tJ;aBaJI yrp03Y OKpYjJ(eHHR cpa3Y Tpex
repMaHCKHX apMHH.
30 ceHmJl.6pR - HacTyrrJIeHHe COlO3HHKOB npHOCTaHOBJIe-
HO. repMaHcKHe BOHcKa, YCHJIHB conpOTHBJIeHHe, HatlHHalOT
nepexotJ;HTb B KOHTpaTaKH.
OKTH6Pb
Ha tJ;pyrHx <t>poHTax HacrynJIeHMe COI03HHKOB pa3BHBaJIOCh
B <t>opMe Beepa Ha A.n6aHHIO, Cep6HIO, PYMbIHHIO H KOHCTan-
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.n;yxa <t>OTOCHMMKOB. 3a OtJ;MH TOJIhKO 3TOT MeCHU O,l(HOH 6pH-
TaHCKOH aBHapa3BetJ;KOM: 6hIJIO .n;OCTaBJIeHO 23 247 CHHMKOB.
1 oKmR6pR - AHr JIHM:CKaH KOHHHua BOIliJIa n CTOJIl1lty
CHpHH ,l{aMacK. TypeltKCUI apMMR B ITanecTHHe 6hIJIa YHH"ITO-
jJ(eHa. BeChMa 3<t><t>eKTHBHO .n;eHcTBOBaJIa HeMHOrOtlHCJIeHHCUI
aBHaUHH COI03HHKOB, ytJ;ep:>KHBCUI rocno.n;CTBO B B03.n;yxe H TeM
caMhIM nOJIHOCThlO -«OCJIenJIHH npOTHBHHKa.
2 OKmR6pR - rappo BHOBh BhIJIeTaeT Ha naTpYJIHpOBa-
HHe B nape C .n;e CeBeHoM. B xo.n;e naTpYJIHpOBaHHH JIereH-
.n;apHhIH JIeT"IHK He BhI.n;ep:>KHBaeT H 6pocaeTCH B aTaKY Ha 6
repMaHCKHX -«cI>oKKepoB . L{e CeBeH ycneBaeT npHKpbITh CBO-
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30 KmR6pR - repMaHcKoe npaBHTeJIhCTBO, BH.n; 6e3Ha,n;e:>K-
HOCTh 60ph6bI, 06pamaeTC.H K npe3H.n;eHTY BHJIhCOHY C
rrpocb60H 0 HeMeMeHHOM 3aKJIIOtleHHH nepeMHpHH.
C6pomeHa otJ;Ha 60M6a Ha BOCTO"lHYIO CTaHI.(HIO B TMOH-
BHJIe H 14 - Ha CeBepHYIO, 2 H3 HHX He pa30pBanHch, 3 Hapy-
lliHJIH )Ke.ne3Ho.n;opO)KHhle nYTH B Tpex HanpaBJIeHMHX.
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KOM: ac H3 aCOB, KaK Y.n;eT Ha4HHaeT TepneTh nOpa)KeHHe 3a no-
628
A8Ua UJl BeJlu'Kou 80UHbl
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BhIXBaTMTh KorO-TO M3 TaKoro CTp05l. ApTMJIJIepM5I C TOM CTO-
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AapOCTaThI BMC5IT HM ropM30HTOM .n;JII1HHhIMM p5l.n;aMM M Ha-
6JIIO.n;aTeJIM KpY:>KaT Hal{ JIaH,n:IIIacpTOM, M3phIThIM BopOHKaMM.
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3BOHMT'TeJIe<pOH. I1h HhIM OTO CHa, 51 6pocalOCh K Tpy6Ke. Ap-
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M B3JIeTalO. Ha cppOHTe cero,n:H tlTO-TO HeBo06pa3MMoe. CHa-
p5l,n:hI nan:alOT TaK 6JIM3KO .n;pyr OT .n;pyra, tlTO .n;hIM, nhIJIh M CPOH-
TaHhI 3eMJIM 06pa3YlOT 3aHaBeCh, CKphIBalOIl.{YIO COJIHQe. JIaH-
,n:llIa<pT no.n;o MHOM OKYTaH 6JIe,n:HO-KOpMtlHeBOM .n;hIMKOti. K ce-
Bepy OT JIeca BMJIJIep- KOTIpe 51 BCTpetlalO "Epere", JIeT5IIl.{erO
Ha BhICOTe 600 M. 51 HeMe.n;JIeHHO aTaKYIO ero C3an:M. B "Epere"
Ha6JIIO.n;aTeJIh CM,n:MT n03a,n:M nHJIOTa. 51 CHO BH:>KY ero rOJIOBY
Han: nOJIYKpyrJIbIM KpenJIeHMeM .n;JI5I nYJIeMeTa. Ho OH He MO-
)KeT CTpeJI5ITh, nOKa 51 ,n:ep:>KYCh np MO 3a HMM. Ero 0630p 3aK-
phIT cTa6MJIM3aTOpoM M PYJI5IMI1 BbICOThI. Moti nYJIeMeT JIaeT
KOpOTKMMH Otlepe,n: MM. fOJIOBa I1CQe3aeT M3 BM.n;a. " TIonaJI " , -
.n;YMalO . TIMJIOT 3Toro ,,5pere" Ka)KeTC CMhIllIJIeHhIM napHeM.
XOT5I 51 nOCT05lHHO CTpeJI5IIO, OH ,n:eJIaeT aJIeraHTHbIH pa3BopoT
Ha cBoeM HeYKJIIO:>Kei1 nTMQe M nhITaeTC5I .n;OJIeTeTh ,n:o CBOMX
TpaHIIIeH. 51 .n;OJI)KCH 3atiTM Ha Hero C60KY, tlT06hI nonaCTh B
Hero MJIM B .n;BMraTeJIh. ECJIM Ha6JIIO.n;aTeJIh Bce eIl.{e )KMB, 3TO
6y,n:eT 60JIhIIIOM OIIIM6KOM, nOToMY tlTO OKIDKYCh B ero ceKTO-
pe 06CTpeJIa. Kor,n:a npM6JIM:>Ka1OCh Ha paCCT05lHMe ,n:Ba,n:QaTh
MeTpoB, 3a ny JIeMeTOM BHOBb n05lBJI5IeTC5I Ha6JIIO.n;aTeJIb, rOTO-
BhIti OTKphITh orOHb. Qepe3 MrHOBeHMe OH HatlMHaeT CTpeJI Tb.
Pa3,n:aeTC5I 3BYK, KaK 6y,n:TO raJIhKa na,n:aeT Ha MeTaJIJIM\lecKYIO
1918 lOa
629
nOBepXHOCTh CTOJIa... Moti: " <DoKKep" CTaHOBHTC.H Ha .n;hI6hI, KaK
3aKYCHBIIIa.H Y .n;HJIa JIOIII h. Py JIh BhICOThI BeCh B .n;hIpKaX, TpOC
MeiKtty HHM H pyqKOM ynpaBJIeHH.H nepe6HT HerO KOHel.{ 60JI-
TaeTC.H B B03.n;yxe. Mo.H MalIIHHa OXpOMeJIa, ee Be.n;eT BJIeBO M
OHa KPY)KHT Ha MeCTe, nOCTO.HHHO KPY)KHT. 51 He MOry eIO yn-
paBJI.HTh.
llo.n;o MHOM - HCCeqeHHbIM BopOHKaMM JIaH.n;llIa<pT, Ka)l(-
.n;hIM p3.3 nepenaxHBaeMhIM B3phIBaMM HOBhIX CHap.H.n;OB. ECTb
TOJIhKO o.n;Ha B03MO)l(HOCTh BhI6paThC.H. Ka)K.n;hIM pa3, Kor.n;a
,,<DoKKep" HanpaBJI.HeTC.H Ha BOCTOK, .H OCTOpO)KHO OTKphIBaIO
.n;pOCCeJIhHYIO 3aCJIOHKY. TaKHM 06pa30M, KpyrM y,lJ.JIHH.HlOTC.H
M .H MOry Ha.n;e.HThC.H, 1.J:TO CYMelO .n;OJIeTeTb .n;o HamHX n03Ml.{H::H.
3TO Me.n;JIeHHhIM, MyqHTeJlhHbIH npOl.{ecc. HeO)KH.n;aHHO MaIlIH-
Ha OCTaHaBJIHBaeTC.H B B03.n;yxe H na.n;aeT BHM3 KaK KaMeHb.
llapalIIIOT - BhITamMTh HorM - BCTaTh Ha CH.n;eHhel B O.n;HO
MfHOBeHMe .n;aBJIeHHe B03.n;yxa oT6paChIBaeT MeH.H Ha3a.n;. Y.n;ap
B CllMHY. 51 y.n;ap.HIOCh cnHHOM 0 cTa6MJlH3aTOp. CJIHmKOM CBO-
60.n;HO no.n;orHaHHhIe JI.HMKH napalllIOTa 3al.{enHJIHCh 3a 3aKphI-
JlOK PYJl.H BhICOThI H n aIOIUaH MaIlIMHa T.HHeT MeH.H 3a C060H C
Henpeo.n;OJIHMOM CHJIOW! "JIo 6y.n;eT nJIaKaTb...", - .n;YMaIO .H. -
"MaMa... MeH.H He on03HaIOT... y MeH.H C C060M HMKaKMX 6YMar...
OHM TaM BHH3Y CTpeJI.HIOT KaK CYMacme.n;IIIHe..."
B TOT )Ke caMhIM MOMeHT .H nbITalOCh CO BceM CMJIhI OTO-
rHYTh 3aKphIJIOK. 3TO Tpy.n;HO, HeHMOBepHO Tpy.n;HO. 3eMJI.H
HeCeTC.H Ha MeH.H CO CTpalIIHOH CKOpOCThIO. 3aTeM - phIBOK -
.H cB06o.n;eH! MalIIHHa JIeTHT, KYBbIpKa5ICh, y)l(e no.n;o MHOM... M
.H KaK 6y.n;TO nJIhIBY, no.n;BelIIeHHhlfl Ha CTponax. Cpa3Y )l(e -
npH3eMJIeHHe. llapalliIOT paCKphIJIC.H B nOCJIe.n;HHH MOMeHT.
IIapailiIOTHhIM lIIeJIK B3.n;hIMaeTC.H H O MHOH. BOKpyr MeH.H -
B3pbIBhI CHap.H.n;OB. 51 Cpa)KaIOCh C 6eJlhIM nOTOJIKOM KaK TOHY-
I..ltHH. HaKOHel.{, cBo60.n;eH. JIaH.n;macpT, H3phIThIH BopOHKaMM,
MpaqeH M rOJI.l!OJI)KHO 6hITh .H Ha HHqeHHOM 3eMJIe, HO He 3HaIO,
r.n;e. 51 .n;OJI)KeH H}J;TH Ha BOCTOK, TaM .n;OM. BoceMh qaCOB yrpa,
COJIHl.{e 6JIe.n;HO, KaK 6y.n;TO BhlrOpeJIO. 3.n;eCh, BHH3Y, 3aBeca
nhIJIM, BbI6pOlIIeHHOM B B03.n;yx B3phIBaMH CHap.H.n;OB, Ka)l(eTC.H
eme ryme. 51 OTCTerHBaIO napalIIIOT H 6ery. Pa3phIBhI CHap.H.n;OB
Bce 6JIH)Ke, 6YJI.TO rOH.HTC.H 3a MHOH. DOJIhlIIOM KOM 3eMJIH KY-
630
A8Ua UJl BellU'KOU 80UHbl
JIaKOM 6beT MeH.H B 3aTbIJIOK. 51 rrCl,l{aIO, CHOBa rrO,n:HHMaIOCb,
rrpO,n:OJI)KaIO 6e)KaTb. n paBa.H HOra 60JIHT. ,l{OJI)KHO 6bITb, rro,n:-
BepHYJI ee, KOr,n:a rrpH3eMJIHJIC.H .
3TO BCerO JIHmb BTOpOH CJIyqaH ycrremHoro rrpHMeHeHH.H
rrapamIOTa BoeHHbIMH JIeTtIHKaMH. l!a)Ke HMe rrapamIOT, OHH
06bIqHO rrpaKTHqeCKH He HCrrOJIb30BaJIH ero.
repMaHCKHH BoeHHbIH JIeTqHK KpOMep: EOJIblIIa.H caMO-
u
YBepeHHOCTb, CBOHCTBeHHa.H Ka)K,n:OMY JIeTtIHKY, H ,n:OBepHe ero
K CaMOJIeTY, KOTOpbIH He pa3 6JIarOnOJI)"IHo BbIHOCHJI ero H3
6YPH H CMepTeJIbHOH orraCHOCTH... qaCTO He ,n:aIOT ,n:IDKe BcrrOM-
HHTb 0... rrapamIOTe... Bce C03HaHHe H Bce ,n:eHcTBH.H JIeT'-lHKa
u u
rrOrJIOmaIOTC.H O,n:HOH TBep,n:OH YBepeHHocTbIO, qTO Bce )Ke BHOBb
OBJIa,n:eelIIb CaMOJIeTOM...
He3Cl,l{OJIro,n:0 :3TOrO CJIyqaR napamIOT Ha 3anaoooe8poneil-
CKOM meampe 6bIJI rrpHMeHeH BrrepBbIe ,n:pyrHM H TO)Ke repMaH-
CKHM BoeHHbIM JIeTqHKOM llITeHH6pexepoM: ...B :3TO BpeM.H
MeH.H aTaKyeT C3Cl,l{H ,n:pyroH aHrJIHHCKHH CaMOJIeT. CHJIbHbIH
3arrax 6eH3HHa H ,n:JIHHHa.H 6eJIaR nOJIoca C3a,n:H .HCHO rOBOpgT
MHe, qTO rrp06HT 6aK C 6eH3HHoM. KpyrbIM rrHKHpoBaHHeM .H
BbIXO)Ky H3 B03,n:ymHoro 60 ... Ha BbICOTe rrpHMepHO 2500 M .H
Orr.HTb BbIpaBHHBaIO CBOIO MaIIIHHY. B,n:pyr CTaHOBHTC.H CTpalII-
HO )l(apKO... B TOT )Ke MOMeHT CHM3Y, H3 Koprryca CaMOJIeTa, KO
MHe BpbIBaeTC.H .HpKOe rrJIaM.H... He ,n:OJIro ,n:YMaR, OTCTernYJI
CBOH peMHH H 6bICTpO YBaJIHJI MamHHY HOCOM BHM3. EJIaro,n:a-
p.H TOJIqKY .H OKa3aJICg caM Ha Kopnyce. A B CJIe,n:YIOrnee MrHO-
BeHHe, BCJIe,n:CTBHe CHJIbHOrO TeqeHH B03,n:yxa, y)l(e CKHHYT
C CaMOJIeTa, KOTOpbIH CTpeMHTeJIbHO JIeTHT rro,n:o MHOH. CTOJIK-
HOBeHH.H C PYJIeBbIMH rroBepXHOCT.HMH, KOToporo Bcer,n:a TaK
onacaJIC.H, K CqaCTbIO, He rrpOH30IIIJIO. 51 TOTqaC )l(e nepeKY-
BbIPKHYJIC.H B B03,n:yxe. IIoTOM, rrOCJIe Herrpo,n:OJI)KHTeJIbHOrO rra-
,n:eHH.H, MOM napamIOT CTaJI pacKpbIBaTbC.H. OT c,n:eJIaHHOfO
Kyp6eTa .H BHCeJI HeCKOJIbKO ceKYH,n: BHH3 fOJIOBOM, HO, c,n:eJIaB
JIefKOe ,n:BH)I(eHHe H BbIT.HHYBIIIHCb... rrpHH JI HOpMaJIbHOe rro-
JIO)l(eHHe...
TIpH rrpH6JIH)KeHHH K 3eMJIe.H HeMHoro COfHYJI HOfH B KO-
JIeH.HX, qT06bI CM rqHTb rrCl,l{eHHe. Ho, HeCMOTp.H Ha 3TO, y,n:ap 0
3eMJIIO 6bIJI ,n:OBOJIbHO CHJIbHbIM. MeH.H orrpoKHHYJIO HaB3HHqb
1918 zoa
631
B 60JIbllIYIO BOPOHKY. Ha paCCTOjlHMM npMMepHO 700 M ropeJI
u
MOM CaMOJIeT...
,l{o SToro CJIyqaJI $I OTHOCMJICjI K napaIlIIOTY C 60JIbllIHM
He,n:OBepHeM H ,n:YMaJI, qTO cnYCK... MO)KeT 6bITb y.n;aqHbIM TOJlb-
KO B OqeHb pellKMX CJIyqaHX... KpOMe Toro, R HHKaK He Mor YjlC-
HHTb ce6e, qTO HY)KHO JteJIaTb, qT06bI BbI6paTbCjI M3 CaMOJIeTa.
Ho B TOT MOMeHT, KorJta nJlaMjI y,n:apHJlO MHe B JlHQO, R cpa3Y
JKe co06pa3MJI, qTO ,n:OJI)KeH ,n:eJIaTb...
C Tex nop $I 6epy napalliIOT npH KIDK,n:OM nOJleTe M 6e3 Hero
YJKe He JIeTaIO... HacKoJlbKO MHe M3BeCTHO, STO 6bIJI nepBbIH
u u
CJIyqaM npMMeHeHHjI napalliIOTa B cepbe3HOM onaCHOCTH, M npM-
TOM eme H3 o,n:HOMeCTHoro CaMOJleTa .
40 KmR6pR - 1-$1 aMepMKaHCKaJI apMMjI B0306HOBHJIa Ha-
cTynJIeHMe.
5 OKmR6pR - YTpOM JIereHJJ:apHbIH <ppaHQY3cKMH JIeTqHK
POJlaHJt rappo BbIJIeTaeT Ha 60eBoe naTpYJIMpOBaHHe, Be,n:oMbIH
CBOHM KOMaH,n:MpOM KanMTaHOM .n;e CeBeHOM H COnpOBOJK,n:ae-
MbIM eme qeTbIpbMjI TOBapHmaMM no SCKaztpHJIbe. ,l{e CeBeH,
KaK 06bIqHO, 3aMeTMB <I>oKKepa , HaqMHaeT MaHeBp, KOTOpbIM
CXo,n:y nOHMMaIOT Bce qJIeHbI ero SCKa.n;pMJIbH, 3a HCKJIIOtIeHH-
eM rappo. II OCJIe,n:HHH , BMeCTO Toro, qT06bI nepeCTpOHTbCjI
BCJleJJ; 3a BeJtYI1.(HM M npHKpbIBaTb eMY XBOCT, BbIpbIBaeTCjI Bne-
pe,n:. ,l{e CeBeH, MaHeBpMpYjl, nbITaeTCjI OT03BaTb rappo, HO 6e3-
pe3YJIbTaTHO, 11 KOMaH,n:Mp 3aHHMaeT n03MQMIO Be,n:OMoro, npe-
,n:ynpe,n:HB OCTaJIbHbIX, qTO 6pocaeT naTpYJIb. OCTaJlbHbIC 4
CIIA):{a aTaKYIOT OT,n:eJIbHO JIeTjlmerO repMaHcKoro pa3Be,n:-
qMKa.
rappo, MJtYI1.(ero B aTaKY Ha «<DoKKepa , BCTpeqaIOT CHaqa-
Jla 6, a 3aTeM erne 7 repMancKHx MaIlIHH. ,l{e CeBeH BHOBb TIl(eT-
HO nbITaeTCjI OT03BaTb rappo. Pa3rOpaeTCjI JKapKHH B03,n:YIlI-
HbIM 60H, B KOTOpOM <ppaHQY3cKMH aTaKYIoI1.(MH CaMOJleT ,n:ei1-
cTByeT HeCKOJIbKO HeYKJIIO)Ke, Hero njlTb pa3 no,n:pjl,n: cnacaeT
OT nOpaJKeHHjI ero Be,n:OMbIH. IIocJIe KaJKJtOM Hey,n:aqHOH aTaKH
,n:e CeBeH BHOBb nbITaeTCjI OT03BaTb rappo, HO 6e3pe3YJlbTaTHO.
B 10:30 rappo YXO,n:MT BBepx H M.n;eT Ha.n; ceMbIO «<1>oKKe-
paMM , nOBepHYBIlIMMM B CTOpoHY <ppoHTa. ,l{e CeBeH BHOBb
TIlteTHO nbITaeTCjI ocraHoBHTb rappo, TOT npo,n:OJIIKaeT JIeTeTb
632
A8uau,UR BellU'KOU 80U'1lbl
B HanpaBJIeHHH BY3hep. Kor,n:a OHH HaXO,n:.HTC.H Y:>Ke B 10 KM
Ha.n; TeppMTopMeti repMaHCKHX BOMcK, MX 3aMe':laeT naTpYJIb
CrrA,l!oB H3 48-H 3CKa.n;pHJIhH H ,n:aeT CMrHaJI, ':ITO M,n:eT Ha
nOMOIl{h.
B CJIe,n:YIOIl{MH MOMeHT fappo cBepxy aTaKyeT 3cKa,n:pHJIhIO
<DoKKepoB , ,n:e CeBeH HeoTcTynHo CJIe,n:yeT 3a HMM. BHOBh
pa3ropaeTcH :>KapKHH B03,n:YIlIHhIH 60M, B KOTOpOM ,n:e CeBeH B
KaKoM-To MOMeHT Tep.HeT rappo H3 BH,n:a. BhIH,n:.H H3 6051 no,n:
npMKphITMeM no,n:ocneBllIeM 48-M 3CKa,n:pHJIhH, ,n:e CeBeH HeKO-
Topoe BpeM.H TIl{eTHO MrneT nponaBllIero rappo, 3aTeM B03Bpa-
rnaeTC.H Ha cBOM a3po,n:poM.
I1pH6hIB B 48-10 3CKa,apMJIhlO,,n:e CeBeH Y3HaeT CJIe,lJ,YIOIl{ee.
JIeTt.JHKH BI1,n:eJIM CrrA,l! , aTaKoBaBIlIHM 3-x <DoKKepoB . 2
repMaHcKHx CaMOJIeTa OTBaJIMJIH B CTOPOHY, HO 3-M npHH.HJI 60M,
B KOI-Il1e KOToporo CTIA,l! , na,n:aH, pa3BaJIMJIC.H Ha MeJIKHe qa-
CTH.
TaK npaKTH':IeCKH B nOCJIe,n:HHH MeC.Hl1 BOHHhI norM6 TOT,
Koro PYCCKaH nponaraH,n:a y6HJIa B nepBhIM ee MeC.Hl1.
Bcero 3CKa.n;pHJIh.H, B KOTOpOH CJIYJKHJI rappo, o,n:ep:>KaJIa Ha
,n:aHHhIl1 MOMeHT 53 ocpMl1MaJIhHO 3aperHCTpHpOBaHHhIX B03-
,n:YIlIHhIX n06e,n:hI H nOape,n:HJIa 70 repMaHCKHX CaMOJIeTOB.
8 o1CmR6pR - K HacTynJIeHHIO 1-H aMepHKaHcKoH, 4-M M
5-H cppaHl.{Y3cKHX npMcoe,n:MHHJIHCh BORCKa 1 O-M cppaHl1Y3CKOM
apMHH.
CaMOJIeThI COI03HI1KOB npOH3Bo,n:MJIH MaCCMpOBaHHYIO 60M-
6ap,n:HpoBKY 20-MHJIhHOrO cppoHTa Me:>K,n:y CeH- KaHTeHOM H
KaM6p3. ,l!JI.H 3a,abIMJIeHH.H 6hIJIH npMMeHeHhI cpOCcpopHhIe 60M-
6 hI.
13 o1CmR6pR - AnrJIo-cppaHl1Y3cKMe BOMCKa npophIBaIOT
n03Ml1HIO 3HrcppM,n:a.
14-20 o1CmR6pR - COI03HhIe apMHH npo,n:OJI:>KaIOT HaHO-
CHTh y,n:aphI no repMaHCKMM n03Hl.{H.HM, 3aXBaThIBa.H MHoro
nJIeHHhIX M Opy,n:MM. repMaHCKHe apMHM oTcrynalOT Ha 3apa-
Hee 3arOTOBJIeHHhIe n03Hl.{HH fepMaH, rYH,n:HHr l EpYHrMJIb,n:a,
KpHMrHJIh,n:a.
2501CmR6pR - Ha HTaJIh.HHCKOM <ppoHTe Ha"lHHaeTC.H one-
pal.{H.H BHTTOpHO BeHeTO . HTaJIh.HHCKtuI apMH.H nepexo,n:HT
1918 lOa
633
B pellIHTeJIbHOe HacTynJIeHHe 1'1, <pOpCHpOBaB p. TIb Be, 6bICT-
po npO,n:BHraeTC Bnepe,n:.
29 OKmR6pR - ABCTpO- BeHrpH 3anpOCHJIa Ml1pa.
4 - M aBCTpaJIl1MCKHM ,n:MB113110H OCBaHBaJI B He6e HOBYIO Bep-
CHIO «ConBl1qa 5F.1 - «ConBl1q-CHaMn (EeKac), KOTOpbIH
npo BHT ce6 , B OCHOBHOM, Y:>Ke nOCJIe TIepBoM Ml1pOBOM. Bo
BpeM IIOJIeTa aCKa,n:pMJIb 113 10-TH «CHaHnoB» CTOJIKHYJIaCb
C aCKa,n:pl1JIbeH «<DoKKepoB D- VII. B pe3YJIbTaTe 60eBoro
CTOJIKHOBeHH 6bIJIO C6MTO 10 «<DoKKepoB .
30 o KmR6pR - TYPul1 3aKJIIOqaeT rrepeMMpMe C AHrJIHeM.
B TeqeHHe OKT 6p 1918 ro,n:a PMKeH6eKep o,n:ep:>KaJI eme
14 n06e,n:, ,n:OBe,n: , TaKI1M 06pa30M, cBoH 06ll1HM CqeT ,n:o 26.
HaJIeT 3,n:yap,n:a COCTaBMJI 300 qaCOB - 60JIbllIe, qeM Y Koro-
JIH60 1'13 aMepMKaHCKHX nHJIOTOB; eMY y,n:aJIOCb nepe:>KMTb 134
B03,n:YllIHbIX noe,n:HHKa C BparOM. «51 TaK qaCTO 6bIJI Ha BOJIO-
COK OT CMepTH, qTO aTO B03pO,n:I1JIO MOIO npH3HaTeJIbHOCTb CHJle
CBbIllIe, KOTOpaH, cy.l{ no BceMY, 06eperaJIa MeH .
PHxTfo<peH: «TIpaB,n:a, MHOf,n:a npOHcxo,n:HT 11 qy,n:o; Hanpl1-
u u u
Mep, O,n:HIDK,n:bI BM,n:eJI ynaBllIl1H B orHe aHrJIMI1CKMM aapOnJIaH.
3aropeJIc OH Ha BbICOTe r,n:e-TO B n THa,n:uaTb COTeH <PYTOB, 1'1
fOpeJIa BC MallIHHa ueJIMKOM. Ho Kor,n:a MbI BepHY JIHCb ,n:OMOM,
HaM C0061l1I1JIH, qTO O,n:I1H 1'13 anrJIMqaH BbInpbIrUYJI 113 MallIM-
HbI Ha BbICOTe B CTO n Tb,n:eC T <PYTOB. 3TO 6bIJI Ha6JIIO,n:aTeJIb.
CTO n Tb,n:eC T <PYTOB - aTO BbICOTa xopOllieH KOJIOKOJIbHH.
TIpe,n:cTaBbTe, qTO KTO-HI16y,n:b npbIrHYJI 6bI C KOHl1a llInMJI Ha
3eMJIIO - q'fO 6bI C HI1M CTaJIO? EOJIbllIl1HCTBO nepeJIOMaJIO 6bI
ce6e Bce KOCTI1, ,n:CUKe npbIra M3 OKHa BToporo aTa:>Ka! Ho, KaK
6bI TaM HI1 6bIJIO, aTOT napeHb BbInpbIrHY JI 1'13 fOp ll1ero aapo-
nJIaHa Ha BbICOTe B CTO n Tb,n:eC T <PYTOB, 1'13 aapOnJIaHa, rop -
ll1ero Y:>Ke l1eJIYIO MHHYTY - 1'1 HHqero! OH OT,n:eJIaJIC JII111Ib
npOCTbIM nepeJIOMOM HOf. BCKope nOCJIe aToro OH c,n:eJIaJI 3a-
BJIeHl1e B neqaTH, 113 KOToporo BCTBOBaJIO, qTO HI1 paccy.n.-
KOM, HM HepBaMH OH TO:>Ke He nOBpe,n:HJIC .
J1 ell1e O,lJ,HH CJIyqati. 51 C6HJI aHfJIHqaHMHa. JIeTtIMK 6bIJI
CMepTeJIbHO paHeH B fOJIOBY, M MallIHHa na.nana nepneH,n:HKYJI p-
HO 3eMJIe C BbICOTbI B ,n:eB Tb TbIC q <PyTOB. CnYCT HeKOTopoe
BpeM.H na 6peIO eM nOJIeTe no,n:JIeTeJI K 3eMJIe M YBM,n:eJI TO,
634
ABUa UJl BellUKOU BOU1lbl
qTO OCTaJIOCb OT MallIHHbI - rpyl1.Y nOl1.parnBaIOlI(HX OCKOJIKOB.
Ho, K MOeMY YJI;HBJIeHHIO, MHe C006IUHJIH, tffO Ha6JIIOl1.aTeJIb
TOJIbKO pa36HJI ce6e rOJIOBY H HaxOl1.HTC.H COBepllIeHHO BHe onac-
HOCTH. BOHCTHHY CYIUeCTBYIOT Ha 3eMJIe cqacTJIHBqHKHI
KorJI;a-To Ol1.Ha:>K,l(bI BeJIbKe n011.6HJI "HbIOnOp", H .H npH
3TOM npHCYTCTBOBa.n. A3pOnJIaH na.n;aJI KaMHeM. 06CJIe11.0BaB
MeCTO na.n;eHH.H, MbI 06HapY:>KHJIH, qTO a3pOnJIaH 3aTaIUHJIO B
cyrJIHHHCl}'IO nOqBY. JIe'ftlHK :>Ke, paHeHbIH B JKHBOT, nOTep.HJI
C03HaHHe, H npH Y,l(ape 0 3eMJIIO BbIllIH6 ce6e H3 nJIeqa PYK)T.
Ho OH TO:>Ke OCTa.nC.H )KHB.
C ,l(PyroH CTOpOHbI, 6bIJI CJIyqaH C MOHM ,l(pyrOM. IIpH no-
Ca.n;Ke CJIytIHJIaCb Ma.neHbKaH aBapH.H, OJI;HO KOJIeCO nona.no B
KpOJIHqbIO HOPKY, H a3pOnJIaH llIe,l(IlIHH Y:>Ke Ha MHHHMaJIbHOH
CKOpOCTH CJIerKa TKHYJIC.H HOCOM B 3eM.7IIO H OT Yl1.apa pa3Bep-
HY JIC.H CHaqa.na B O,l(HY CTOpOH a nOTOM B ,l(PyryIO. 11 qTO?
Bel1.H.Hra CJIOMa.n cnHHY H YMep..
B OKT.H6pe MeC.H[(e He3aBHCHMbIe 60M6ap,l(HpOBOqHbIe
CHJIbI, BoopYJKeHHhI e 60M6apl1.HpOBIUHKaMH XeH,l(JIH - IIeHJI;:>K
cpaKTHqeCKH 3aBepllIHJIH CBOIO l1.e.HTeJIbHOCTb.
HOHBPb
PHKeH6eKep: 4K KOH[(Y BOMHhI 94-.H 3CKaJJ:pHJIb.H 3aHHMaJIa
u
nepBoe MeCTO Cpe,l(H Bcex aMepHKaHCKHX 3CKa.LlpHJIHH He TOJIh-
KO no ,l(.7IHTeJIbHOCTH npe6bIBaHH.H Ha cppOHTe; HaM TaKjKe npH-
Ha.n;JIeJKaJI peKopJI; no KOJIHqeCTBY C6HThIX CaMOJIeTOB npOTHB-
HHKa H peKOpl1. no KOJIHqeCTBY aCOB B HallIHX p.HJI;ax. i(YMaIO, qTO
HH Ol1.HOH 3CKaztpHJIbe B MHpe He Y,l(a.nOCb O,l(epJKaTb CTOJIbKO
n06e,l(, CKOJIbKO 3anHC3.7Ia Ha CBOM CqeT 94-.H aMepHKaHCKaH 3C-
Kan:pHJIb.H "l{HJIHH,l(P-B-KOJIbue" B TeqeHHe nepBhIX llIeCTH Me-
C.HueB CBoero CYIUeCTBOBaHH.H. KOJIHqeCTBO HaIllHX nO,l(TBepJK-
l1.eHHhIX no6el1. paBH.HJIOCb 69, BKJIIOqag nOCJIel1.HIOIO B03JI;YIlIHYIO
n06el1.Y BOHHbI, KOTOpyIO o,l(ep:>KaJI MaHop Kep6H, C6HB CBOIO
nepBYIO H nOCJIel1.HIOIO MallIHHY npOTHBHHKa K IOrO-BOCTOKY OT
Bep,l(eHa OKOJIO nOJIYJI;H.H B BOCKpeceHbe 10 HO.H6p.H 1918 rOl1.a.
MHorHe aMepHKaH[(bI - "paHHHe" aCbI, Ol1.epJKaBIlIHe n.HTh
MJIH 60JIee no6el1. JI;O Toro, KaK 94-.H 3CKa.u;pHJIb.H HaqaJIa 6oe-
1918 zoa
635
BOH n)'Tb - TaKHe KaK JIa<p6epH, BeHJIHC H TIaTHeM H3 <ppaH-
UY3CKHX 3CKaztpHJIHH HJIH BopMeH, JIH66H H MeryH, BoeBaB-
WHe B pHJJ;ax aHrJIHqaH, - TpeHHpOBaJIHCb no 3apy6e)KHbIM
MeTOJJ;HKaM H nHJIOTHpOBaJIH 3apy6e)KHbIe MallIHHbI. TaKHM
06paaOM, nepBbIH 0<pHUHaJIbHbIH aMepHKaHCKHH ac "POJJ;OM" H3
HameH 3CKaztpMJIbM. HaCTOHIItMM aMepHKaHCKHM JIeTqHKOM-
HCTpe6HTeJIeM, BcrynHBllIHM B BOMHY BMeCTe C aMepHKaHua-
MH, npOllIeJJ;llIHM 06yqeHHe BMeCTe C aMepHKaHuaMH H npOBeJJ;-
mHM Bce 60H BMeCTe C aMepHKaHuaMH, 6bIJI JIeMTeHaHT )!yrJIac
K3Mn6eJIJI H3 CaH-Xoce, llITaT Ka.nH<pOpHHH .
K HOH6plO 1918 r. <PpaHUY3CKCUI aBHaUHSI pa3BHJIaCb OqeHb
CHJIbHO no OTHoweHHIO K HaqaJIY BOMHbI. TIpOTHB HeCKOJIbKHX
COTeH HeCOBepmeHHbIX annapaToB 1914 r. Tenepb cI>paHl.{MH
pacnoJIaraJIa KOJIHqeCTBOM B 7300 CaMOJIeTOB, H3 KOTOpbIX 3900
HaXOJJ;HJIOCb B JJ;aHHbIM MOMeHT Ha cPpoHTe; 2800 CaMOJIeTOB
HaXOJJ;HJIOCb B lIIKOJIaX H 600 qHCJIHJIOCb B pe3epBe. KOJIHqe-
CTBO JIeTqHKOB BO cI>paHl.{HH B nOCJIeJ.(HHM MeCHl.{ BOMHhI npe-
BOCXOJJ;HJIO 12 TbICHq qeJIOBeK.
I1HTepecHa TalOKe J.(pyrCUI CTaTHCTHKa. ECJIH K nOCJIe.l{He-
My rOJJ;y BOMHbI repMaHCKHe JJ;HpH)Ka6JIH H JJ;HpH)Ka6JIH JJ;pyrHx
BOIOIOIUHX JJ;ep)KaB npaKTHqeCKH He npHHHMaJIH yqaCTHH B 60-
eBbIX JJ;eMCTBHHX H npOH3BOJJ;CTBO HX 6bIJIO CBepHYTO, TO B AH-
rJIHH Ha060pOT - npoTHB Tpex JJ;HpH)Ka6JIeH, HMeBllIHXCH K
HaqaJIY BOMHbI, B nOCJIeJJ;HHM MeCHl.{ BOMHhI BpHTaHHH HMeJIa
103 JJ;HpH)Ka6JIH pa3JIHqHOM KOHCTPYKl.{HH. CTOJIb MOIUHbIH
cPJIOT B03JJ;YWHhIX cy t(OB B AHr JIHH 06CJIY:>KHBaJIO 580 ocPHl.{e-
pOB Ii 6534 qeJIOBeKa H3 HH)KHHX qHHOB.
1 HOR6pR - DbIJIa oJ.(ep)KaHa 75-H H nOCJIe,ltHHH nOJ.(TBep-
)KJ.(eHHaH n06eJJ;a B B03J.(yxe cI>oHKa.
3 HOR6pR - IIoJJ;nHcaHo nepeMHpHe C ABCTPO- BeHrpHeH.
5 HOR6pR - COlO3HbIMH apMMHMH npopBaHbI 3anaCHhIe
repMaHCKHe n03Hl.{HM; repMaHCKMe apMHH oTcTynalOT K noJ.(-
rOTOBJIeHHOM JIHHHH Maac - AHTBepneH.
7 HOR6pR - B HepaBHOM B03J.(YlliHOM 6010 norH6 PYCCKHH
JIeTqHK-aC cI>eJ.(0poB, KOTOpbIM TaK H He JJ;O)KJJ;aJICH B03MO)KHO-
CTM BepHYTbC>i Ha POJJ;MHY.
<I>paHl.{Y3CKM aBHal.{HH TIBO pa60TaJIa BeCbMa 3<p<peKTMB-
636
A8uau,UR BeJlUKOU 80U1tbl
HO. 113 483 repMaHCKHX CaMOJIeTOB, BbIJIeTeBIlIHX 60M6HTb
TIapH:>K B 1918 r., ,n;o [{eJIH ,n;06paJIOCb TOJIbKO 37; 13 H3 3THX
,n;OJIeTeBIlIHX ,n;o [{eJIH 6bIJIH C6HTbI Ha 06paTHoM nYTH. TeM He
MeHee, 3a ro,n; Ha Q>paH[{Y3CKYIO CTOJIH[{Y ynano 11,5 T 60M6.
<I>paH[{Y3cKoe npaBHTeJIbCTBO 6bIJIO OqeHb 06ecnoKoeHo
TaKoM cHTya[{HeH, H Bce nOCJIe,n;HHe MeCHQbI He,n;aJIeKO OT na-
pHJKa, TaM, r,n;e CeHa ,n;eJIaeT H3rH6, HanOMHHaIOIUHH H3JIYQH-
HY peKH B u;eHTpe Q>paHU;Y3CKOH CTOJIH[{bI, npOHcxo,n;HJIO rpaH-
,n;H03Hoe CTpOHTeJIbCTBO. Pa60QHe H COJI,n;aTbI npOKJI3.J{bIBaJIH
:>KeJIe3Ho,n;opOJKHbIe JIHHHH, B03BO,n;HJIH ,n;epeBHHHbIe coopYJKe-
HHH, KpaCHJIH... 3eMJIIO. 3J1eKTpHKH MOHTHpOBaJIH JIaMnbI C
TYCKJIbIM MepQaIO HM CBeTOM, XlIOnOTaJIH Hal{ KaKHMH-TO HC-
KpH HMHCH MexaHH3MaMH H BonpeKH 3,n;paBOMY CMbICJIY CTpe-
MHJlHCb, QT06hI HCKp 6bIJIO n060JlbIlIe. E e HeCKOJIbKO He,n;eJIb,
H pH,n;OM C 3aMaCKHpOBaBIlIHMCH, 3aTaHBllIHMCH ITapHJKeM BbI-
pOC 6bI HOBbIM, JI:>Ke- napH:>K, BbI,n;aIO HM ce6H HCKPHIUHMH-
CH «TpaMBa.HMH H 6y,n;TO 6bI npHTeHeHHbIMH orHHMH 3aBo,n;OB
H BOK3anOB. Ho...
8 HOR6pR - B KOMnbeHcKHH Jlec Ha CTaHUHIO PeToH,n npH-
6bIJla repMaHCKaH,n;eJleraQHH. MapllIaJI cI>01lI, npHHHBIlIHH ,n;e-
JleraQHIO, npo,n;HKTOBaJI YCJlOBHH nepeMHpHH.
ITo YCJlOBHHM nepeMHpHH fepMaHHH 06H3bIBaJIaCb OQHC-
THTb 3aHHTbIe eIO TeppHTopHH, BbI,n;aTb COI03HHKaM 5 TbIC. opY-
,n;HM, 25 TbIC. ny JleMeTOB, 3 TbIC. MHHOMeTOB, 5 TbIC. napOB030B,
150 TbIC. BarOHOB, 5 TbIC. HcnpaBHbIX aBTOM06HJleM H 1700 ca-
MOJleTOB. fepMaHHH Q>aKTHQeCKH pa30pYJKaJlaCb. PeHHcKaH
06J1aCTb oKKynHpOBaJIaCb COI03HbIMH BORCKaMH.
11 HOR6pR - ITo,n;nHcaHo nepeMHpHe.
KOHE BOttHE!
BORHa ,n;JlHJIaCb QeTbIpe ro,n;a, Tpl-I MeCHu;a H O,n;HHHa.l([{aTb
,n;Heti.
fHH,n;eH6ypr: .H TBep,n;o BepIO, qTO H Ha 3TOT pa3... cTapbIH
HeMeQKHH ,n;yx CHOBa np06beTcH... HalliH npoTHBHHKH 3HaJIH
CHJIY 3Toro ,n;yxa; OHH Ha6JIIO,n;aJIH 3a HHM H HeHaBH,neJIH ero B
MHpHOM pa60Te, OHH y,n;HBJIHJIHCb eMY H 60HJlHCb ero Ha nOJIHX
1918 lOa
637
68TB BeJIHKOH BOMHhI... STOT !1.yx rrOMO:>KeT HaM BOCCTaTh 3a-
HOBO...
M KorJ{a CHOBa B03pO!1.HTC 3Ta HaUHOHaJIhHaH H!1.e , 3TO
HaQHOHaJIhHOe C03HaHHe, TOf!1.a HaM npHHeCYT HpaBCTBeHHO
ueHHhIe nJIOJ{hI TenepellIHMe rophKHe !1.HH, H BeJIHKaJI BOMHa,
Ha KOTOPYIO HH O!1.MH HapO!1. He MO)l(eT 06epHyrhc C 60JIhllIeH
rOp!1.OCThlO H 60JIee qHCTOM cOBecThIO, qeM HallI...
C 3THM yrroBaHHeM H C Han:e:>K!1.0M Ha Te6 , HeMeUKoe IOHO-
llIecTBo, H KJIan:y nepo!
638
A8ua UR BeJlUKOU 80UHbl
OCHOBHbIE morn
BEJIHKOR BoRHbI
MHpOBasI BORHa ,ltBHHY JIa .zta;IeKO Brrepe,n TeopHIO
H rrpaKTHKY aBHalUUf; :iTO - OttHO H3 BIDKHeHWHX
ttOCTIDKeHHH BOHHbI B 06JIaCTH TeXHHtJecKoro rrpo-
rpecca...l(.1UI onbITOB... rrpettOCTaBHJICH MaTepHaJI
B HeorpaHHtJeHHOM KOJIHtJeCTBe: qeJIOBeqeCKHe
)KH3HH, MaTepHaJIbllbIe ueHHOCTH H TeXHHqeCKHe
Opy,nHH... BCKope nOCJ1e HatJaJIa BOHHbI MbI, paBHO
KaK H ttpyrne ttep)l(aBbl, nOIUlJIH, \{TO aBHaUHH MO-
)KeT 6bITh rrOJIe3HbIM BcrrOMOraTeJIbHbIM 60eBbiM
Cpe,ltCTBOM ttJIH Bcex pO,nOB 0PY)KHH.
J1Jloud I(JlCopd:JIC
C nOl(nHCaHHeM repMaHCKOH l(eJIeraQHeH nepeMMpMR 11
HOR6pR 1918 r. 3aKOHQHJIaCh I1epBasI MHpOBCUI BOHHa. 3aKOH-
qHJIaCh nOJIHhIM nopIDKeHHeM H KanHTYJI n:HeH repMaHHM M
Bcex ee COI03HHKOB. I10pIDKeHHe repMaHHM B BOHHe 6hIJIO He
CJIyqaHHhIM. Ee BoeHHhIe QeJIH M BoeHHoe PYKOBOJ(CTBO CTO-
RJIH B pe3KOM npOTHBOpeqHM C peaJIhHhIM COOTHOIlleHMeM CHJI.
HanpOTMB, CTpaHhI AHTaHThI HaKOnMJIH 3a rOJ(hI BOHHhI
u u
orpOMHhIH npOMhIIllJIeHHhIH nOTeHQH3JI, B pe3YJIhTaTe qero
HOBhIH nepeJ(eJI MMpa OKa3aJICR HeH36e)KeH. AHrJIMR elI.{e 60-
JIee YKpenHJIa CBoe MopCKoe rOCIIOJ(CTBO H paCIllHpMJIa KOJIO-
HHaJIhHhIe BJIa,n;eHHR. <I>panQHR BepHY JIa 8JIh3aC H JIoTapHH-
rHIO. TOJIhKO POCCHR, B 60JIhIlleH CTeneHH 6JIaroJ(apR CBepIllMB-
IlleHCR TaM peBOJIIOQHH, He TOJIhKO He YBeJIMqHJIa CBOH
BJIa,n;eHHR, HO 'h JIHIllHJIaCh qaCTM CBOHX TeppMTopHH.
Ho BeJIMKaR BOHHa M3MeHHJIa He TOJIhKO TaHHCTBeHHYIO
KapTY , BHOBb nepeKpOHB rpaHHQhI EBpOnhI. BeJIMKCUI BOHHa
M3MeHHJIa C03HaHMe JIIOl(eH. B cpeBpaJIe 1919 r. COI03HMKM nJIa-
HMpOBaJIH npOBeCTM TRjf(eJIhIe B03J(YIllHhle HaII3J(eHHR C 60M-
6aMH, HatIHHeHHhIMM j{l(OBHThIM ra30M Ha repMaHcKYIO CTOJIM-
n:y. Orpy6JIeHHe PYKOBOl(CTBa B03J(YIllHhIMH CMJIaMH RBJIReTCR
KYJIhMHHaQHeH BeJIMKOH BOHHhI. IIpaBJ(a, He CTOMT ynYCKaTh
OC1t081lble UmOlU BeJlUKOU 80U:llbl
639
H3 BHJ];Y, 'ITO K nO,n06HOMY TeppOpMCTH'IeCKOMY Be,neHHIO B03-
J];YlIlHOH BOHHbI npOTHB rpIDK,naHCKOrO HaCeJIeHHR aHrJIHqaHe
npHlIlJIH 6JIaro,napR npHMepy, KOTOpbIM nOJ];a.nH HM repMaHCKHe
BoeHHbIe. To, 'ITO nJIaHHpoBa.nH 6pHTaHcKHe H <ppaHI.{Y3cKHe
BoeHHbIe K KOHI.{Y BOMHbI, 6bIJIO BoeHHoH J];OKTpHHOH fepMa-
HHH C caMoro ee Ha'Ia.na. TaKHM 06pa30M, BelUH, YJKaCaBlIlHe
I.{HBHJIH30BaHHYIO EBpony nepeJ]; Haqa.nOM BOMHbI, CTaJIH ,nJIR
Bcex eCTeCTBeHHbIMH nOCJIe ee OKOH'IaHHR. 11 aBHal.{HR B nOJI-
HOH Mepe OTpa3HJIa STOT npOl.{ecc.
B onepal.{HRX 1918 r. CTa.na OKOH'IaTeJIbHO RCHOM pelIlalO-
lUaH pOJIb TeXHHqeCKOrO o6eCneQeHHR BOMCK. Oc06eHHo HpKO
BbIRBHJIHCb pOJIb rocnOJ(CTBa B B03J];yxe H 3HaqeHHe aBHaQH-
OHHoro pe3epBa rJIaBHOrO KOMaH,nOBaHHR, npH nOMOIll.H KOTO-
poro J];OCTHraJICR pelIlalOlUHM nepeBec B CHJIaX Ha Ba)KHeMIlIHX
HanpaBJIeHHRX. POJIb pa3BeJ];bIBaTeJIbHOM aBHal.{l1H B IIo,nroToB-
Ke H xOJ];e Onepal.{HM elUe 60JIbllIe B03pOCJIa. bJIaro,napH B03-
J];YlIlHOM pa3Be,nKe YCJIOJKHHJIOCb J];ocTHJKeHHe BHe3anHOCTH
YJ];apa, RBJIRlOlUeeCR O,nHHM H3 rJIaBHbIX <t>aKTopOB, He06xoJ];H-
MbIX J];JIR ycnelliHoro paaBHTHR HaCT)'nJIeHHR. CTaHOBHJIOCb Bce
60JIee CJIOJKHbIM J];eJIOM MaTepHaJIbHOe 06eCneqeHHe onepal.{HH,
OCYlUeCTBJIeHHe 6ecnepe6oMHoro nOJ];B03a B YCJIOBHRX CHJIb-
HbIX H HenpepbIBHbIX 60M6apJ];HpOBOK C B03J];yxa. B nOCJIeJ];HHe
rOJ(bI BOHCKa Bce 60JIbme 3apbIBaJIHCb B 3eMJIIO, C03J];aBaH no-
pOH l.{eJIbIe nO,l!3eMHbIe KpenOCTH. A ltJIR 06eCneqeHHH ceKpeT-
HOCTH nepeJ];BHJKeHHH nepeKpbIBaJIH JIOJKHblMH H306pa:>KeHH-
u u
RMH neH3a)KeH orpOMHbIe npocTpaHcTBa, CKpbIBaH OT rJIa3 no-
BCIOJ(Y cTpeKO'IY HX BoeHHbIX nTHI.{ QeJIbIe JKeJIe3HOJ];opOJKHbIe
Y3JIbI.
TaKJKe BbIRBHJIOCb orpOMHoe 3HaqeHHe COrJIaCOBaHHoro
J];eMcTBHR aBHal.{HH C apTHJIJIepHeM, nexoToH H TaHKaMH. Ca-
MOJIeTbI Ha'IHHaIOT npHJ];aBaTbCR He TOJIbKO neXOTHbIM H ap-
THJIJIepHMCKHM, HO H TaHKOBbIM coeJ];HHeHHRM J];JIR 60pb6bI C
npOTHBOTaHKOBbIMH 0PYJ];HRMH.
K KOHI.{Y BOHHbI 3HaQHTeJIbHO YJI)"IlllHJIHCb MaTepHaJIbHaR
QaCTb, C110C06bI H cpOpMbI npHMeHeHHR HCTpe6HTeJIbHOM, 60M-
6apJ];HpOBOQHOH, lllTYPMOBOH, KoppeKTHpOBOQHOH H pa3Be bI-
BaTeJIbHOH aBHar!l1H. Bce 60JIee 3Ha'II1TeJIbHOe BJIH HHe Ha I1C-
640
A8Ua UJl BeJlu'Kou 80U1lbl
XO,n Onepal.{HH OKa3bIBaJIH 3CKa,l(pbI IIITypMOBbIX H 60M6ap,nI1-
POBOqHbIX CaMOJIeTOB. HaJIeTbI Ha MeCTa CKOnJIeHHH BOHCK,
CKJIa,l(bI H aSpOJ{pOMbI npOH3BO,nHJII1Cb J{HeM 11 HOqbIO. I1cTpe-
6HTeJIH HayqI1JIHCb aTaKOBaTb HenpH TeJIbCKHe 60M6ap,nHpOB-
IIlHKH no HOqaM. C6paCbIBaHI1e OCBeTHTeJIbHbIX CHap ,nOB Ha
napaIIIIOTax n03BOJIHJIO ,naJKe BeCTH pa3Be,nKY HOqbIO.
ABHaI.{H B rtoCJIe,nHHe ro,nbI BOHHbI 6YKBaJIbHO npOHI13bI-
BaJIa Bce B03,nYIIIHoe npOCTpaHCTBO. Ha 3HaqHTeJIbHOH BbICOTe
OT paCCBeTa ,no 3aKaTa BeJII1 HeYCTaHHoe B03t1;YIIIHoe Ha6JIIO,ne-
HHe 3a pa3BHTHeM BoeHHbIX C06bITHH JIeTQHKH-HCTpe6HTeJIH.
HeMHoro HI1JKe I1cTpe6HTeJIeH HeCJIH CBoro eJKetl;HeBHYIO KpO-
nOTJIHBYIO CJIYJK6y CaMOJIeTbI-pa3Be,nQHKI1. ElI.{e HHJKe - aBHa-
v
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Ha,l( caMOH JKe 3eMJIeH HOCI1JII1Cb, nOJIHBaH orHeM BpaJKeCKHe
l.{enH H KOJIOHHbI, CaMOJIeTbI aTaKI1, np03BaHHbIe HHaQe neXOT-
HbIMI1. To 11 ,n:eJIO notl; npHKpbITHeM HCTpe6HTeJIeH llIJIH B rJIY-
60KHM TbIJI T JKeJIbIe 60M6apJ{HpOBlI.{HKI1. Ho Bce 60JIbIIIe H
60JIblIle TaKHe peH,nbI HaQHHaJIH cOBepIIIaTbc nOJ{ nOKpoBoM
HOQH.
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HYJKHO OTMeTHTb CJI eJ{YIO Il{ee.
HeCMOTp Ha 06HJII1e THnOB, aTaKYIOJ I1H CaMOJIeT 3a noc-
JIeJ{HHe J{Ba ro,na BOHHbI npI1HI.{HnI1aJIbHO H3MeHHJIC MaJIO.
CxeMbI aapOnJIaHOB, HX npOnOpl.{I1H, cpOpMbI H KOMnOHOBKa
Kop06KH KpbIJIbeB, cpI03eJI )Ka 11 ynpaBJIeHH , Ka3aJIHCb YJKe
He3bI6JIeMbIMI1. HeH3MeHHbIM OCTaBaJIOCb J{aJKe Q11CJIO HepBIOp
Ha KpbIJIe. JIeTHbIe H 60eBbIe KaQeCTBa B nOCJIe,nHee BpeM YJIyq-
llIaJIHCb, rJIaBHbIM 06pa30M, 3a CQeT MOlI.{HOCTH MOTopa H BOOpy-
JKeHH . Ka3aJIOCb, HI1KaKHX npHHI.{HnHaJIbHbIX YCOBepllIeHCTBO-
BaHHH ,nJI HCTpe6HTeJI Y)Ke He HaHTH...
TaKJKe 11 OCHOBHbIe npHHIlHnbI tl;aJIbHeH, 6JII1)KHei1 11 60e-
BOM: pa3Be,n:KH, KaK H apTHJIJIepHHCKOH H IIITYPMOBOH aBI1aUHH
B 1918 r. npaKTHQeCKI1 He H3MeHHJIHCb. TaKTI1Ka HCTpe6HTeJIb-
HbIX CHJI TOJKe OCTaJIaCb Ha ypOBHe paBHOM npe,nbItI;YlI.{eMY ro,ny,
TOJIbK060pb6aHCTpe6HTeJIeHnpOTHBHCTpe6HTeJIeHTOQHOTaK
JKe KaK H 60M6ap,nI1pOBlI.{I1KOB npOTHB HCTpe6HTeJIeH 60JIbllIe
BbI,n:BHHY JIaCb Ha nepe,nHHH nJIaB. 1918 r. xapaKTepI13yeTC5I oco-
OC1i081ible UmOlU BellUKOU 80UUbl
641
6eHHO MaCCOBbIM npHMeHeHHeM aBl1aUHH. CTaI1 HenpI1.HTeJIb-
cKoH aBHal.{I1H, COnpOBO)K,l{aBIIIHe HacTynJIeHHe rrpOTHBHHKa,
CTaHOBHJIHCb BCe 60JIee rYCTbIMI1 (ApH,l{T). Y)Ke B MapTe
1918 r. BO BpeM repMaHCKoro neceHHero HacTynJIeHI1 HMe-
JII1 MeCTO B03,l{YllIHbIe Cpa)KeHI1 , B KOTOpbIX nopoH YlIacTBo-
BaJIH COTHH HCTpe6HTeJleH; TaK 6bIJIO Ha,l{ X3MOM, I-IyatioIloM
H AMbeHoM. Oc06eHHo npOBO,l{HJIHCb cppaHI.{Y3cKOH H 6p11TaH-
CKOH cTopoHaMH JleTOM 1918 r. rrJIaHOMepHbIe Hana,l{eHH Ha
nYTH C006ll{eHI1 , pe3epBbI BOHCK H 6a3bI cHa6)KeHH .
B nOCJIe,l{HI1H ro,l{ BOHHbI TOJIbKO aHrJII1HCI<He JIeTlIHKH
C6POCHJIH 5,5 TbIC lI TOHH 60M6.
Ho rJIaBHOe, lITO npOH30IUJIO B pa3BI1THH aBHaHI1H B
1918 r. - aBHaTopbI BOIOIOll{HX JJ;ep)KaB rrolIYBcTBOBaJIH TaKYIO
CHJIY B cBoeH MaCCOBOCTH, 1JTO 3TO CTaJIO HCXOJJ.HbIM rrYHKToM
,l{JI Bcero nOCJIeBOeHHoro pa3BI1TH aBHaI.{HH. B03,l{YllIHble orre-
pal.{HH CTaJIH KpenKoH COCTaBJI IO eH 60eBblx ,l{eHcTBHM: BBC.
Be3 cooTBeTcTBYIOll{HX npHrOTOBJIeHHH B B03,l{yxe YIKe B 1918 r.
neB03MOIKHO 6bIJIO npOBO.lI.HTb HacTynaTeJIbHble onepaL{I1H.
DOJIee Toro, KaK nOKa3aJIa 60eBasI npaKTHKa 1918 r., aBI1aI.1H
MOrJIa BeCTH I1acTyrraTeJIbHble ,l{eHCTBI1 ,l{a)Ke TOr,l{a, KOr,l{a
Ha3eMHble BOM:CKa oTcTynaJI11.
repMaHH , B03,l{YIIIHble CHJIbI KOTOpOM: tJI1CJIeHHO, TaKTHlIec-
KI1, OpraHI13aJ.{HoHHO H TeXHHtJeCKI1 B nOCJIe,l{HI1H ro,l{ BHO OT-
CTaBaJII1 OT B BC AHTaHTbI, ,l{O.TI)KHa 6bIJIa He1136eIKIIO npOHr-
paTb H B B03,l{YIIlHOH BOHHe. E,l{HHHtJHble ycnexli ne Mor JI11 60-
JIee HHKoro BBeCTI1 B 3a6JIY)K,l{eHHe. He CJIYlIaHHbIM 6bIJIO H TO,
lITO repMaHCKoe PYKOBO,l{CTBO OTCTaJIO B ,l{eJle 60JIee 3cpcpeK-
TI1BHOM opraHH3al.{HH CBOHX BBC. He 6bIJIO Y HI1X HH npeMe-
HI1, IfH H36bITKa ,l{JI KaKHX-JIH60 3KcnepHMeHToB B 3TOH 06JIa-
CTH.
C 3TOH TOt.JKH 3peHI1 I1HTepeCeH onbIT opraHH3al.{HH cppan-
QY3CKI1X B03,l{YIIIHbIX CHJI. 06pa30BaHHeM e,l{HHOrO B03,l{YIllHoro
,l{HBH3I10Ha, 3Toro MOIl1HOrO cTpaTerI1t.feCKOrO COe,l{HIIeHH ,
cppaHQY3cKoe PYKOBO,l{CTBO o6HapY)KI1JIO cnoe HaMepeHI1e npH-
BeCTH, HaKOHel{, B e.lI.HHCTBO 60M6ap,l{I1pOBOtJHYIO aBHaQHIO H
conpoBolKJ];alOll{He HCTpe6HTeJIH. O,l{HaKO, no.n:06uble 06'be,l{l1-
HeHH He OrrpaB,l{aJIH ce6 Ha npaKTHKe. I1cTpe611TeJII1 C O,l{-
22 ABHaUI-U1 BeJIHKOA BOHHbI
642
A8uau,Wl BeJlUKOU 80Ullbl
HOH CTOpOHbI He pacnOJIara.T.IH He06xotJ;HMOH tJ;aJIbHOCTbIO tJ;eH-
CTBHg, a C tJ;pyroH CTOpOHbI 6bIJIH 6bICTpee, n03TOMY COBMeCT-
HbIe tJ;eHCTBHg CTaHOBHJIHCb Bce 60JIee np06JIeMaTHqHbIMH.
<I>paHUY3CKHe 06'betJ;HHeHHR 60M6aptJ;HpoBIUHKOB TepneJIH npH
3TOM BbICOKHH ypOH BO BpeMH CBOHX peHtJ;OB. B KOHue KOHUOB,
,lLlIg HX 3aIUHTbI <PpaHUY3CKaH aBHanpOMbIllIJIeHHOCTb paapa-
60Ta.T.Ia TpeXMeCTHbIH KOtJ;pOH R-11., BoopY)l(eHHbIH QeTbIp-
Mg nYJIeMeTaMH C tJ;B)'Mg 150-CHJIbHbIMH MOTopaMH, KOTOpbIH
6bIJI B COCTOjlHHH nOCTOgHHO conpOBO)KJtaTb 6oM6aptJ;HpoBIUHK.
Ho npOTHB BCgKHX O)l(HtJ;aHHH 3TO JIHllIb OKOHQaTeJIbHO y6e-
tJ;HJIO Bcex B HeueJIeco06pa3HOCTH TaKoro HCnOJIb30BaHHg MOI11-
HOH HCTpe611TeJIbHOH aBHaUHH, n03TOMY OT TaKHX rpOM03tJ;KHX
H He3<pcpeKTHBHbIX CHM6H030B npHIlIJIOCb OTKa3aTbCg. rOpa3-
tJ;0 60JIee Ba)KHOe 3HaQeHHe HMeJI HCTpe6HTeJIbHbIH tJ;HBH3HOH.
IIOCTogHHO OCTaBagCb B pacnOpg)l(eHHH rJIaBHOrO KOMaHtJ;O-
BaHHg, OH .HBHJIC.H npeBOCXOtJ;HOH TaKTHQeCKOH H CTpaTerHqeC-
KOH 60eBoH etJ;HHHueH, QaCTO pellIaBllIeH HCXOtJ; Toro HJIH I1HO-
ro Cpa)l(eHH.H. II03TOMY B KOHue HIOJIg 1918 r. c06paHHbIe B
6pHratJ;bI 60M6aptJ;HpOBI11HKH H HCTpe6HTeJIH 6bIJIH BHOBb
pa3'betJ;HHeHbI, 3CKatJ;pbI BHOBb notJ;IJHHHJIH apMH.HM, H3"3a IJero
JIeTHble tJ;HBH3HOHbI yrpaTHJIH CBOIO pOJIb caMOCTO.HTeJIbHbIX
OnepaTIIBHbIX 06'betJ;HHeHHH. K 3TOMY BeJIa CYMMa <paKTopOB.
CaMbIM Ba)KHbIM 6bIJIO, IJTO <PpaHUY3cKHe apMHM Tpe60BaJlH
etJ;HHCTBa CHJIbHblX HCTpe6HTeJIbHbIX CHJI HcnocpetJ;CTBeHHO Ha,l1
<ppOHTOM; H HaH60JIee ytJ;06HbIM OKa3aJIOCb 06'betJ;HHeHHe HX B
6pHra.n;bI. A C tJ;pyroH CTOpOHbI pe3YJIbTaTbI B03tJ;YIlIHbIX 60M6ap-
,ltHpoBOK BbIrJIgtJ;eJIH paaOqapoBbIBaIOIl(HMH H He COOTBeTCTBYIO-
IUHMH 3aTpaTaM.
HaH60JIee qaCTO B03HHKaJI Ha HCXOtJ;e BOHHbI Bonpoc, MO-
ryT JIH 60M6ap HpOBIUHKH caMOCTOjlTeJIbHO 3aIUHTHTb ce6g OT
CTOJIKHOBeHHH C HCTpe6HTeJIgMH. pg.n y,ltaIJHO npoBeJJ,eHHbIX B
KOHue BOHHbI 60M6aptJ;HpOBOIJHbIX Hana.n;eHHH no MHeHHIO
60JIbllIHHCTBa rpa)KtJ;aHCKHX B03tJ;YIlIHbIX TeopeTHKoB ,l{OKa3aJI,
IJTO BoopY)KeHHble tJ;BYM.H HJIH TpeM.H nYJIeMeTaMH tJ;HeBHbIe
60M6aptJ;HpOBlUHKH B TeCHOM COMKHYTOM B03tJ;YllIHOM CTpOIO
MOryT He TOJIbKO 060POHgTbC$I npOTHB CHJIbHbIX HCTpe6HTeJIb-
HbIX rpynn, HO H npopbIBaTbC.H, H BbInOJIH.HTb CBOIO 3aJ{aqy. 3TO
OC1l0B1lble UmOlU BeJlu'Kou BOU1lbl
643
nOJIO)KeHHe BCeueJlO OnpaBtJ;aeT ce6j1 B xotJ;e BTOpOH MHpOBOH
BOHHbI. B POCCHH, 6JIarotJ;apjl HaJIHtJHIO TjI)KeJIbIX MHOrOMOTOp-
HbIX CaMOJleTOB .I1M , 3TO 6bIJIO gCHO Y)Ke B 1916 r.
B BeJII1K06pHTaHHH, <l>paHQI1H I111 TaJIHH B nOCJIeJJ:HI1H rOJJ:
TaIOKe oc06eHHo MHoro rOBOpI1JIOCb 06 06HapY)KHBllIeMCjI KPM-
3Hce otJ;HOMeCTHbIX I1cTpe6I1TeJIeH. Ka3aJIOCb, pellIeHI1e MHO-
r006pa3HbIX 3a)tatJ BBC CJIetJ;yeT HCKaTb B C03JJ:aHHI1 60JIee
6bICTpbIX H MaHeBpeHHbIX MHorOQeJIeBbIX CaMOJleTOB, KOTopbIe
MO)l{HO 6bIJIO 6bI I1CnOJIb30BaTb tJ;JljI JII06bIX ueJleH 6JIarotJ;apjl
u
CHJIbHOMY BoopYiKeHI1IO M OTHOCI1TeJIhHO BbICOKOI1 rpY30nOJJ:'h-
eMHOCTI1. TaK Ha3hIBaeMbIH B03tJ;YIlIHbIH KpeHcep no npetJ;CTaB-
JIeHI1j1M BoeHHOH HaYKI1 ,ltOJl)KeH 6blJI CTaTh CaMOJIeTOM, cno-
C06HbIM nepeHOCI1TCjI B B03tJ;YlllHOH BOHHe Ha JII06ble tJ;aJIeKHe
paCCTOjlHI1S1. Ho 3TH I1tJ;eI1, B03Bpall{aBIlII1e etJ;Ba JII1 He K Halfa-
JIY onbITa BeJII1KOH BOHHbI, OTpI1QaJII1Cb BceM XOtJ;OM CTaHOB-
JIeHI1j1 60eBOH aBI1aQI1I1 B ropnI1JIe ee I1CnbITaHI1H. OT Bce 60-
]lee cTporoH tJ;H<pcpepeHQI1aUI1I1 B03JJ:YllIHhIX CI1JI 6bIJIO Y)Ke He-
B03MO)KHO OTKa3aTbCjI.
B OpraHI13aUI1I1, TeXHI1Ke I1 npI1ijUI1nax I1CnOJlb30BaHI1j1 BBC
B TeqeHI1e ITepBoH MI1pOBOH np0l130IIIJIH 3Ha1.JHTeJIbHbIe I13Me-
HeHI1j1. 113 MHO)KeCTBa nOtJ;BepraBllII1XCjI HaCMelliKaM JIeTHhIX
06'bet(MHeHI1H 1914 r., KOTopble He OTBIDKI1BaJII1Cb 60Jlee qeM Ha
BcnOMOraTeJIbHYIO pOJlh, 6bIJlI1 C03JJ.aHbI CI1JIbHhIe OnepaTI1BHble
JleTHbIe 06'betJ;I1HeHI1j1 - tJaCTI1QnO Y)Ke RBJIjlIOll!I1eCjI caMOCTO-
SlTeJIbHOH tJaCThIO B03JJ.YIlIHbIX CI1JI. 113 tJ;BYXMeCTHbIX BoeHHhIX
CaMOJleTOB aBrycTa 1914 f., npl1l\ieHjlBIllMXCjI TOJIbKO B ueJIjlX
paaBetJ;KI1, paaBI1JII1Cb pa3BetJ;tJMKI1, I1cTpe6I1TeJlI1, 60M6apJJ:I1poB-
I.1{HKI1 11 lllTypMOBI1KI1, B KOTOpbIX B 3apOtJ;bIllie npI1MeHjlJIOCh
nOQTI1 Bce COBpeMeHHoe B03JJ.YIlIHoe BoopY)KeHI1e. HaQaBIlII1Ch
C npoCTbIX CnOpTI1BHbIX MallII1H, no MHeHI1IO MHorHX BoeHHblX
npI1fOtJ;HbIX JII111Ib JUljI QI1pKOBhIX TpIOKOB, 3a fOtJ;bI BOHHbI BBC
paaBI1JII1Cb B caMOCTOjlTeJIhHbIH POJJ: BOMCK. BJlI1S1HI1e B BC Ha
XOtJ; 6geBbIX tJ;eHCTBI1H 3a BpeMjI BOHHhI 3aMeTHO B03pOCJIO. ITep-
Bble 60eBhle CTOJlKHOBeHI1j13TOH BOHIlbI npOI1cxotJ;MJII1 eu.{e npaK-
TI1t1eCKH 6e3 YQeTa BJII1j1HI1j1 aBI1aUI1I1. 3TO, KaK MhI Bl1)1eJII1, na-
ry6HO CKa3bIBaJIOCb Ha I1X HCXOJ,tax I1 3aCTaBJIHJlO BoeHHbIX 3a-
ltYMhiBaTbCg. B pe3YJIbTaTe B KOHQe BothlbI 6e3 nOJIHOQeHHbIX
<
644
ABUa UJl BeJlUKOU BOU1tbl
B03.n:YIlIHbIX CI1JI HI1 HacTynaTeJIbHhle, HI1 060pOHI1TeJIbHble one-
pal1l1l1 CTaJIl1 60Jlee npOCTO HeB03MO)KHbI. B03JJ:YIIlHhIe onepa-
UI1I1 CTaJIl1 npOtJHOM COCTaBHOM tJaCTblO COBMeCTHbIX 60eBhIX
onepaUI1i1 BCeX BOOpY)KeHHbIX CHJI.
IT03TOMY K KOHUY BOHHhI pe3KO B03pOCJIO np0I13BOJJ:CTBO
B03JJ:YllIHhIX MallIl1H BO BCex BOIOIOIUI1X focy,n;apCTBaX. ECJII1
POCCI1.H CYMeJIa 3a BpeM.H BOHHbI YBeJIHtJl1Tb npOH3BO,n;CTBO ca-
MOJIeTOB no cpaBHeHl110 C JJ:OBoeHHbIM ypOBHeM B .n:eC Tb pa3,
TO fepMaHI1.H, <DpaHUH 11 AHfJIH.H YBeJIl1tJl1J111 npOH3BOltCTBO
CaMOJIeTOB B cpe,n;HeM B 5Qpa3.
ITepBaH Ml1pOBa.H BOMHa CO BceM CI1JIOH npO.HBI1JIa pellialO-
IUYIO pOJIb 3KOHOMHKM 11 TeXHI1KH B XOlte 60eBhIX JJ:eHCTBI1H.
IT pOMbIllIJIeHHOCTb Hanp.HfaJIaCb 113 nOCJle,l{HI1X CI1JI, HeBepo-
THO B03pOCJII1 TeMnbI np0I13BO,l{CTBa. ABI1aUI10HHaJI npOMbIllI-
JIeHHOCTb 3a fOJJ:hI BOHHbI npaKTl1tJeCKH C03.n:aeTC 3aHOBO. ECJII1
B 1914 f. cDpaHl1H BbInycTHJIa 541 CaMOJIeT, TO 3a OJJ:I1H 1918 f.
Y)I(e 24 652 CaMOJIeTa. BcefO fepMaHI1.H npOH3BeJIa 3a tJeThIpe
fo,n:a BOHHbI 47, 3 TbIC. CaMOJIeTOB, cDpaHUI1.H - 52,1 TbIC., AHf-
JII1.H - 47,8 ThIC., POCCH.H - 3,5 TbIC., CIIIA - 13,8 ThIC. caMO-
JIeTOB. TOJIbKO tJeTbIpe COlO3HbIX JJ:ep)KaBhI np0l13BeJIH 3a fO,n;bI
BOHHbI 60JIee 120 TbIC. B03.n:YllIHbIX MallIl1H pa3JIl1tJHbIX Tl1nOB.
OTMetJGUl pa3Bl1Tl1e BBC B AHfJI 1111 , npocpeccop CMI1T III1-
caJl: 1I0 BOHHhI 1914-1918 ff. 6bIJIO otJeHb MHOfO "npaKTH-
t.IeCKI1X" KpHTI1KOB 113 Cpe,l{hI BoeHHbIX MOp.HKOB, KOTopbIe C1JH-
TaJIl1 aBl1aUl11O 6e3YMHhIM, cpaHTaCTH1JeCKI1M, 6eCnOJIe3HbIM na-
tJI1HaHl1eM, paCTpaTOH BpeMeHH H .n:eHef; cnYCT.H 1JeTblpe fo.n:a Y
Hac 6bIJIO HeCKOJlbKO TbIC.H1J MallIl1H H JIeT1JI1KOB, OfpOMHbIe
KOpOJIeBCKl1e B03JJ:YllIHhIe CI1JIbI 11 fl1faHTCKaR aBl1aQHOHHa.H
npOMbIllIJIeHHOCTh. JIeTaTeJIbHbIe MallIl1HbI CTaJII1 JKH3HeHHO
Ba)KHbIM cpaKTopOM B ,n;eJIe ,l{OCTI1)KeHH.H n06e,n;bI .
QHCJIeHHOCTb aBl1aUI1H BO BpeM.H BOHHbI pOCJIa 6bICTpO.
BcefO Y BOIOIOIUMX CTpaH KO ,l{HIO 3aKJII01JeHI1.H nepeMl1pl1.H Ha-
C1JMThIBaJIOCb B CTpOIO 10 136 CaMOJIeTOB (6784 Y AHfJIMI1,
<1>paH, QHI1 CIIIA, I1TaJIHI1 H BeJIbfl1H, 11 3352 Y fepMaHHM 11
ABCTpl1l1); 11;3 HI1X pa3Be,l{t.IHKOB - 4578, I1cTpe611TeJICH - 4068,
,l{HeBHhIX 60M6apJJ:l1poBml1KOB - 686, H01JHbIX 60M6apJJ:HpoB-
IUHKOB - 804.
OC1l081lble UmOlU BeJlUKOU 80U1lbl
645
o COBepIIleHCTBOBaHl111 aBl1aUl111 rOBOp T CJIe,n;YIOllU1e rro-
K33aTeJII1.
B Hat.Iarre BOMHhI JIeTHO-TaKTHt.IeCKl1e !{aHHhIe CaMOJIeTOB
6bIJlH:
MOll{HOCTb MOTOpOB 60-80 JI. C., Y OTJ{eJlhHbIX CaMOJIeTOB -
o 120 JI. C.;
CKOpOCTh peJ{KO rrpeBhIIIlaJIa 100 KM/qaC;
nOTOJIOK - 2500-3000 M;
rrpOJ{OJliKHTeJIhHOCTh rrOJleTa - 2-3 t.Iac.
B 1918 f.:
MOll{HOCTh MOTOpOB OTJ{eJIhHbIX BI1!{OB CaMOJIeTOB !{OCTI1-
ra.na OT 300 !{O 900 JI. C.,
CKOpOCTh OT 130 J{O 220 KM/tJac;
nOTOJIOK - 4-7 KM;
npoJ{OJIiKI1TeJIhHOCTh nOJIeTa J{O 7 qac.;
CaMOJleTbI MOrJIH HeCTH 6oeBYlO HarpY3KY OT 300 J{O 1000 Kr.
PaJ{HYc J{eMcTBH !{OCTl1raJI K KOHUY BOHHhI:
HCTpe6HTeJI.Sl - 150 KM,
6oM6apJ{HpOBll{I1Ka - 500 KM.
OpraHH3aUHoHHo aBl1aUHjI rrOJ{pa3!{eJl JIaCh Ha OTp5IJ{bI
(3cKaJ{pHJlhH) B 10-12 CaMOJleTOB, rpyrrnhI, 3CKaJ{phI (M3
rpynn) 11 6pHraJ{hI. C1>paHUY3cKoe KOMaH,l{OBaHMe B 1918 r.
C<pOpMHpOBaJIO nepBYIO B03!{YIIlHYIO !{I1BI13111O, HaCt.IHThIBaB-
mylO 600 CaMOJIeTOB.
B03J{YIIlHbIH 60H BeJlCjI nYJIeMeTllhIM orHeM. IIYJIeMeT B-
JljlJlC OCHOBHbIM opY)KMeM B03J{YIIlHoro 6o B TeqeHl1e BceH
BOHHhI. IIpoBo.l{HJIHCh 3KCnepl1MeHTbI co CKopOCTpeJlhHhIMI1
aBTOMaTMqeCKMMH nYIIlKaMI1. BbIJI CKOHCTpYMpOBaH 6pOHl1pO-
BaUHhIH CaMOJIeT.
HecMoTp Ha Bce 3TH TeXHI1t.JeCKHe J{OCTHiKeHI1j1, aBHaUI1.Sl
npOJ{OJliKaJIa HeCTH 60JIhllIHe nOTepH.
VI nOTepl1 3TH OHa HeCJIa He TOJIhKO OT CTOJlKHOBeHMH B
B03,l{YIIlHhIX 6o x. 3a rOJ{hI BeJlHKOH BOHHhI rrO BHJlC M OK-
perr ell{e OJ{HH BHJ{ BOHCK - BOHCKa IIBO. VI XOTjI <ppaHUY3-
CKHe 3eHHTt.IHKI1, HarrpHMep, C6HJIH orHeM C 3eMJlH 220 repMaH-
CKHX CaMOJIeTOB, a I1cTpe6I1TeJIhHaJI aBHaUI1 - CBbIllie 600, Bce
)Ke HX HeMaJIOBaiKHOro 3Hat.IeHI15I YiKe UeJIh3j1 6hIJIO He Y'lIHTbI-
646
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80Ull'bt
BaTb. KOHetJHO, 3eHHTHaH apTHJIJIepH 6bIJIa TOf,l1;a elUe OqeHb
HeCOBepIlIeHHOM. Ha KaiK,l1;bIM C6HTbIM C 3eMJIH CaMOJIeT <ppaH-
UY3bI H3paCXO,l1;OBaJIH 60JIee 3 TbIC. apTHJIJIepHMCKHX CHapg,l1;OB.
TeM He MeHee, H3 485 fepMaHCKHX 60M60B030B, BblJIeTeBIlIHX
60M6HTb napHiK, J(OJIeTeJIH ,l1;0 n;eJIH H C6POCHJIH 60M6bI JIHilib
37. CTOJIb ycnelliHo pa3BHBIlIaJlC 3a BpeM BOMHbl CHCTeMa
TIBO KpOMe <pPOHTOBbIX 30H H KpynHbIx fOpOJ(OB Bce 60JIee
OXBaTbIBaJIa BaJKHeMiliHe X03 HcTBeHHbIe 06'beKTbI, pacnOJIO-
iKeHHbIe B fJIy60KOM TbIJIY.
fepMaHcKHe 3eHHTtJHKH OKa3aJIHCb 60JIee pe3YJIbTaTHBHhl-
MH. OHH 3aTpatJHBaJIH npHMepHO no 1000 CHapan;OB Ha Ka)K-
,l1;blM C6HTblH CaMOJIeT H C6HJIH Of HeM C 3eMJIH 748 CaMOJIeTOB.
06IUHe nOTepH 3a BpeM BOMHhl COCTaBJI IOT OKOJIO 15 ThIC.
CaMOJIeTOB.
80% Bcex BbIIlIeJ(lliHX 113 CTpOg CaMOJIeTOB 3a BpeMg BOH-
JIbl C6HTO B B03J(YIlIHbIX 60 x. 113 12 220 aapOnJIaHOB, C6HTblX
B 06meH CJIOiKHOCTH 3a BpeM BeJIHKOH BOMHbl, 9 900 6blJlO
YHHtITOiKeHO HCTpe6I1TeJI MH. OCTaJIbHbIe - npH nOMO 11 3e-
u
HHTHbIX OpyltHH 11 no npotJHM npHtJHHaM.
l1aiKe B caMOM HatJa.ne BOHHbI 6bIJIH H3BeCTHbl CJIytJaH, KOf-
,l(a OfOHb 3eHHTHhIX 6aTapeH npen TCTBOBaJI BhlnOJlHeHHIO 60-
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eBOH 3an;atJl1, BbIHYiKJ(aH aBHaTopOB npOTHBHHKa B03BpamaTb-
Cg HJIH c6pachlBaTb CBOH onaCHhIH rpY3, f,l(e nonano.
01JeHb 60JlbllIHe nOTepH Hec H JIeTHhIH COCTaB. HanpHMep,
<ppaHn;Y3cKM aBHaQHg C 5 aBrycTa 1914 r. no 11 Ho 6p 1918 f.
nOTep JIa B 30He CBOHX apMHM y6HTblMH JIeTtIHKOB H Ha6JIIOJ(a-
TeJIeM 1945 tJeJIOBeK, nponaBIlIHMH 6e3 BeCTH - 1461, paHeHhl-
MI1 - 2922. B HenpH TeJIbCKOM 30He nOTepgHO 1927 JIe'NHKOB
11 Ha6JIIO,l(aTeJIeH.I1Toro 3a fO,l1;bl BOMHbl BbI6blJIO 113 CTPOg 7757
<ppaH:QY3cKHX JIeTqHKOB. TaKHe KOJIOCCaJIbHble nOTepH npHBe-
JlIi K p 1BIITHIO 60JIbiliOH ceTH JIeTHblX IlIKOJl H MHOfOKpaTHOMY
YBeJIH1JeHI1IO BhlnYCKa BoeHHblX nl1JIOTOB BO Bcex BOIOIOIllHX
ro CY,l1;apCTB ax. K KOH:QY BOMHbI B O,l1;HOH JIHIllb AHfJIHH HactJl1-
TbIBaJIOCb 199 yqe6HblX OTp ,l(OB, IllKOJI H KypCOB B03,l(YlllHoro
<pJIOTa, BO <DpaHQHH - OKOJIO 100, B fepMaHHH - OKOJIO 60.
llp06JIeMbI fIBO nOCTO HHO npHBJIeKaJIH BHHMaHHe BO-
eHHOfO PYKOBoJtcTBa Bcex BOIOIUHX ,l1;epiKaB. C Tex nop KaK ca-
OC1l081tble UmOlU BeJlUKOU 80Ullbl
647
MOJIeTbI CTaJIH rJIaBHbIMH HOCHTeJl5lMH 60M60BOM HarpY3KI1, BeC
H B3pbIBHaJI CHJla 60M6 3Hat.IHTeJIbHO B03pOCJIH. BbICTpble, BbI-
COKO JIeT5III1He H T5I)KeJlO HarpY)KeHHbIe 60M6ap.ltHpOBII1I1KI1
I1IJIH Tenepb B HalI3J{eHHe B ClIJlOqeHHOM e,n;HHCTBe lI.O 50 Ma-
WHH. OnaCHOCTb Toro, t.ITO cpe,n;CTBa B03,n;yrnHoro HanaJ{eHI1.H
npeOJJ;OJlelOT cpeJJ;CTBa IlBO, oc06eHHo B03pOC]Ja K KOHUY BOM-
HbI. JIOH,n;OH 6hIJI OKpY)KeH HeCKOJlbKHMH n05lCaMH ilBO. Bo
<I>paHUHI1 He3an;OJIrO ,n;o OKOHqaHH.H BOMHbI Hat.IaJIOCb CTPOH-
TeJIbCTBO JI)Ke- IlapI1)Ka. Oll.HaKO 60JlblIIe Bcero OlIaCeHI1H BbI-
3bIBaJIa B03MO)KHOCTb B03,n;YIIlHbIX Hanan;eHHH, H oc06eHHo B
lIOCJleJJ;HHH ro,n; BOHHbI, B repMaHHH. H3-3a BbICOKoro HalIp.H-
:>KeHH.H CHJI Ha 3arra,nHOM cppoHTe H CKOBaHHblX repMaHCKHX
BoeHHbIX lIOTeHUHaJIOB Ha t.IeTBepTOM roll.Y BOHHbI CTpaHa 6bIJla
60Jlee He B COCTO.HHHH YCHJIHTb ,n;o COOTBeTCTBYIOIUero ypOBH
B03,ZJ;YlIIHOH BOHHbI CBOIO IlBO, KaK :3TO 6bIJlO BO <DpaHUHI1 H
BeJIHK06pHTaHHH. BOJIee Toro, repMaHCKoe KOMaH,n;OBaHHe B
lIocne,n;HHe MeC5IUbI BOHHbI 6bIJIO BbIHY)K,l{eHO 3an;eMCTBOBaTb
aBHaI.tHIO IlBO ,ZJ;JI5I 06eClIeqeHHH 60eBbIX lI.eHCTBHH, TeM ca-
MbIM He lI.aBaJI eM B03MO)KHOCTI1 YClIelliHo BbIlIOJlH.HTb CBOH oc-
HOBHbIe 3an;at.IH.
repMaHH5I nOll.BepraJIaCb C caMoro Hat.IaJIa BOHHbI 60M6ap-
lI.HpOBKaM AHTaHTbI, HO B 1914 r. COlO3HHKH aTaKOBaJIH lIpe-
HMYIUecTBeHHo a3po,ZJ;poMbI H 3JIJlHHrI1 B03l1.YlIIHbIX CYlI.OB. C
1915 r. 6pHTaHcKHe H cppaHQY3cKHe B03l1.YlIlHbIe CHJIbI lIepe-
mJlH K CHCTeMaTHt.IeCKHM 60M6ap,l(HpOBKaM JlOTapMHrCKO-JlIOK-
ceM6yprcKHx lIpOMbIIlIJIeHHbIX 06J1aCTeH. B Tet.IeHHe BOHHhI OT
Bcex c6polIleHHblx 60M6 lIIeCTaJI t.IaCTb lIona.na Ha npOMbIlIIJleH-
HbIM paHoH M03eJl51 H Caapa, CJle,n;YIOlI.{He B oKpyra <DpaH6yp-
ra, MaHHreHMa H KeJlbHa. 11 JlHlIIb e.ll.I1HHt.IHbIM HalIaJ{eHI1.HM
nO,ZJ;BeprJlHCb recceH, raM6ypr H MIOHxeH. qHCJlO )KepTB B03-
,nYlliHOH BOHHbI cpeJJ;I1 MHpHoro HaCeJleHH5I B IlepBoH MI1pO-
BOH B repMaHI111 COCTaBJI.HeT 729 t.IeJIOBeK y6HTbIMH H 1754 pa-
HeHhIMH. Oc06eHHo BbICOKHMH 6bIJIH lIOTepH B nOCJlell.HHH ro,l(
BOHHhI, TaK KaK He TOJlhKO 60JIee HHTeHCHBHO BeJIHCb Hanan;e-
H".H, HO H repMaHCKHe IlBO lIPH 3aIIJ.HTe OT B03t.tYlllHbIX Hana-
lteHHH HClIbITbIBaJIH Bce B03paCTalOlI.{He TPYlI.HOCTH. repMaHc-
KHe ilBO COCT05lJlH H3 3eHHTHOM apTHJlJIepHH, CJIY)K6bI B03-
648
ABuau,UR BeJlUKOU BOU1lbl
.lI.YlIlHoro OnOBeI..UeHHH, 60eBhIX O.ll.HOMeCTHhIX HCTpe6HTeJIeH
H B03.l1.YlIlHO-3arpaJJ;HTeJIbHhIX OT.lI.eJI6'HHH. 3ana.ll.HhIe 06JIaCTI1
6bIJII1 nO.ll.eJIeHhI Ha qeThIpe oKpyra B03.l1.YlIlHhIX OT.lI.eJIeHHH ono-
BeI..UeHHH, B KaKOBhIX COCTOHJII1 12 apTHJIJIepHHCKHX KOMaH.lI.
.lI.JIH 060POHhI 06'beKToB. OHH nO.ll..ll.epiKHBaJIHCh .lI.eBHThlO 60e-
BbIMH O.ll.HOMeCTHhIMH OTpH.lI.aMH HCTpe6HTeJIeH, KOTopbIe
OXpaHHJIH 06'beKThI B.lI.OJIh JIHHHH PeHHa. Oc06eHHo BaJKHhIe
npOMhIIlIJIeHHhIe npe.ll.npl1HTHH B CaapcKoH .lI.OJIHHe, B JIIOKceM-
6ypre, B .lI.OJIHHe M03eJIH H T..lI.. 06eCnet.IHBaJIl1Cb B03.l1.yrnHo-3ar-
pa.ll.MTeJIhHhIMH OT.lI.eJIeHHHMI1, KOTophIe COCTaBJIHJIHCh 113 3ar-
paJJ;HTeJIhHbIX B03.l1.YlIlHhIX rnapOB H 3MeeB. B 1918 r. 6bIJIO 3a-
.lI.eHCTBOB8.!iO B repMaHcKHx nBO CBhIllie 20 ThIC. qeJIOBeK, 896
3eHHTHhIX nYlIleK, 454 npOJKeKTOpa, 170 HCTpe6I1TeJIeH, 327
B03.l1.YllIHhIX 3arpa.ll.HTeJIhHhIX IIIapOB H 209 3MeeB. YiKe HMe-
JIHCb .lI.OCTaTOqHO 3Q:>cpeKTHBHhle C'lIeTBepeHHhIe 3eHHTHhIe nyrn-
KH, no OTHOrneHl11O K 1915 r. B 1918 r. 6hIJIO B 20 pa3 60JIbrne
npOiKeKTopOB 11 B 60 pa3 - 3arpa.n;HTeJIbHhIX rnapoB.
llepCOHaJIhHbIH 11 MaTepl1aJIbHhIM YI..Uep6 OT B03.n.YIlIHhIX
HanaJJ;eHl1H OCTaBaJICH, o.n.HaKO, - no cpaBHeHl110 C 60eBhIMI1
JleHCTBI1HMl1 MI1JIJIHOHHbIX apMl1H - He3Ha'lll1TeJIeH 11 MaJIO BJII1-
HJI Ha XO.n. H HCXO.ll. BOHHhI. n PyccKoe BoeHHoe MI1HI1CTepCTBo
OQeHI1JIO MaTepMaJIhHhIH YIl!ep6 OT B03.l1.YIIIHbIX Hana.n;eHI1H B
23,S MJIH. MapOK, t.ITO Ha cpoHe 180 MJIH. MapoK eiKeJ{HeBHbIX BO-
eHHbIX paCXO.ll.OB repMaHI1H B 1918 r. e.ll.Ba HMeeT 3HaqeHl1e. TaK-
iKe 11 B AHrJII1H npl11.JI1HeHHhIH MaTepMaJIhHhIH H nepCOHaJIbHhIH
yrn;ep6 OTHOCHTeJIbHO He3Ha'llI1TeJIeH. B AHrJIl111 rrorl16JIo OT B03-
.lI.yrn HhIX HanaJ{euMH 1414 'lIeJIOBeK H 3416 6hIJIO paHeno. JIH
cpaBHeHI1H B 1913 r. B AHr JII1I1 TOJIbKO B .lI.OpOiKHbIX npOMCllIe-
CTBHHX nor116JIo 2099 qeJIOBeK H 42 544 6hIJIO paHeHO. MaTepl1-
aJIbHbIH YIl!ep6 OT B03.l1.YllIHhIX Harra.n;eHI1H BeJIl1'l1l1HOH B 3 MJIH.
CPYHTOB CTepJIHHrOB 3a BCIO BOHHY MO)KHO npOTHBonOCTaBMTh
eiKe.ll.UeBHbIM BoeHHhIM paCXO.ll.aM B 1918 r. B pa3Mepe 7 MJIH.
CPYHTOB CTepJIHHrOB. TaKHM 06pa30M, CJIe.n.yeT eme 3aJ{YMaTbC5I
o TOM, He npHHeCJIO JIH repMaHHH TaKoe rrpl1MeHeHl1e aBl1aQl111 B
BeJII1KOM BOHHe 60JIee Bpe.ll.a, HeiKeJIH nOJIh3hI.
I-IecMoTpH Ha 3TO, Bce iKe neJIh3H OTpHQaTh 11 TOT cpaKT, t.ITO
J{aJIbHl-le B03.l1.yrnHhIe HaJIeThI 03Ha'llaJIl1 nepeJIOM B KapTI1He
OC1l081fble UmOlU BellUKOU 80Ullbl
649
BOHHbI. ,l{JIH MHJlJlMOHOB JIIO.l{eH CJIYlJMJIOCb HeCJIbIXaHHOe.
HenpeO.l{OJIMMbIM pa3pbIB Me)J(.l{Y <ppOHTOM M'rJIy60KMM TbIJIOM
HCOJKM,n:aHHO HCtJe3. DOJIbllIasJ. qaCTb HaCeJIeHMH CTaJIa OC03Ha-
BaTb, lJTO OHH e,nBa JIH He TOlJHO TaK )f(e yqaCTBYIOT B BOMHe,
KaK M COJI.l{aTbI Ha <ppOHTe. COCTOHHMe M CTOMKOCTb rpa)f(,n:aHC-
Koro naCeJIeHMH nOJlyqMJIH npM 3TOM TaKoe 3HalleHMe, 0 KaKO-
BOM BoeHHbIe KpyrH B KaHYH IIepBoM MMpOBOM BOMHbI M He
,n:ora.l{bI BaJI MCb.
060CTpeHHe ,naJIbHeM B03.l{YlliHOM BOHHbI Ha Py6e)J(c 1917-
1918 rr. M BapBapCKHe nJIaHbI 6pMTaHcKMx H <ppaHQY3cKMX BO-
eHHbIX, rOTOBMBillMXCH pa3BH3aTb ra30BYIO BOMHY C B03,n:yxa,
MMeJIM COOTBeTCTBYIOII ee 3HalleHJ1e .l{JI nOCJIeBOeHHoro pa3-
BMTM BBC. repMaHcKHe BoeHHbIe TaK)Ke He.l{aJIeKO YlliJIH, C
Cepe.l{HHbI 1918 r., ne.l{H .l{aJIbHIOIO B03,l{YIlIHYIO BOMBY npOTI111
Cl>paHQHM H AHrJIMH, OHM BbIHallIHBaJIM aBaHTIopHbIM nJIaH -
u
60M6ap,n:HpOBaTb B 1919 r. uenneJIMHaMH I-IbIO- I10pK. KCTaTH
rOBOp , 3a 1918 r. l.{enneJIMHbI C ueJlbIO 60M6ap.l{HpOBKH AIIr-
JII1M npHMeHHJIHCb Bcero 4 pa3a, npMlIeM nOCJIe.l{HMM HaJIeT HC
,n:OCTHr Bo06me HHKaKHX pe3YJIbTaToB. T )f(eJIaH aBHaQHH, noJ],-
HMMaHCb .l{0 BbICOTbI B 5000-6000 M M 6ep Ha 60pT B IIOCJIe-
,n:HMM ro.l{ YJKe 60Jlee 1000 Kr 60M60BOlI HarpY3KH, 06JIaJ{aJIa
BHbIM npeMMYIl{eCTBOM M OKOHqaTeJIbHO BbIMrpa.na copeBHO-
BaHMe. ,l{MpM)Ka6JIH, HeCMOTpH Ha HBHbIH ycnex 3Toro Bl1lta B03-
,l{YI1lHOrO TpaHcnopTa Y 5pMTaHcKoro MMl1paJITeMCTBa, npaK-
TMlJeCKH I1CqepnaJIH ce6H B BeJIHKOM BOMHe.
ABMaQHH BOCXOJJ;MJIa BO BceM CBoeM BeJIHlJMH.
B caMOM KOHue BOMHbI JIJIOM,l{ j:()f(0P,l{)f(, BblcTynaH nepe.l{
napJIaMeHTOM, rOBOpHJI: n03BOJIbTe MHe oc060 OTMeTMTb pa-
60TY HalIIMX JICT'IHKOB. Y HI1X nOJIe 611TBbI - He6eca; OHH -
Hama KaBaJIepHH B 06JIaKax. BbICOKO Hal{ ,3eMJIeM, rp 3bl0 M
HeCt.IaCTbHMH, He3pMMbIC C 3eMJIH, OHM B 06JIaKaX pelllaIOT BelJ-
HbIM cnop npaBoro C BMHOBaTbIM; .l{HeM - ,n:a M HOt.lbIO - OHM
Be.l{YT 60pb6y, KOTOpaH npMBO.l{HT Ha naM Tb MMJIbTOHOBCKMC
KapTHHbI Cpa)KeHMH ,nYXOB CBeTa H TbMbI... OHM no,n:06no BO-
opY)J(eHHblM nTHl.{aM nopxaIOT no JIMHI1M <ppoHTa, naCTMralOT
6erymero HenpMHTeJIH Ii nOJIMBaIOT ero orHeM M3 BHHTOBOK M
nYJIeMeTOB. OHM rpOMHT neXOTY, OHI1 YHMlJTO)f(aIOT 0603bI, OHH
650
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pa3pymaIOT nOe3.l{a. KroKJ];hIH nOJleT - nO.l{BMr, KIDK.l{M CBO.l{-
Ka - n03Ma. OHM - B03.l{YlllHhle pbIl.{apM 6e3 cTpaxa M ynpeKa.
OHM HanOMMHaIOT HaM CTaphle pbIl.{apCKHe JIereH.l{hI He TOJlhKO
CBOMMH JleTHhIMH nO.l{BHraMM, HO M 6J1arOpOJJ;CTBOM 06IIJ;ero
.l{yxa 3TOH KOprrOpaI.{MH. 11 KorJJ;a MbI BcnOMHHaeM 0 repOHX,
JJ;aBaHTe BcnOMHMM 06 3THX pbIl.{apHX B03.l{yxal.
O.l{HaKO 3.l{eCh CJle.l{yeT OTMeTHTh OJJ;MH napanoKC.
rOBOpH 0 phIl.{apHX B03.l{yxa, rrpe)K.l{e Bcero, MMeIOT B BHJJ:Y
aCOB BeJIMKOH BOHHbI - rrpeKpaCHhIX M 6J1arOp0.l{HhIX MCTpe-
6MTeJleH, B TO BpeMH KaK HaH60JIee BIDKHYIO M TPY.l{HYIO pa60-
TY B BoeHHhIX 6YJJ;IDIX BblnOJlllHJlM pa3Be.l{tIHKH. reHepaJIhI Ha-
qana BOHHhI 6bIJlM He TaKMMM Y)K H npHMMTHBHO MhICJlHIIJ;MMM
JIIO.l{bMM, KOr.l{a rOBOpMJlH, qTO B03JJ;YillH£UI 60ph6a OTBJIetIeT
JIeTtIMKa OT BbInOJlHeHMH ero OCHOBHOH 3anaqM. 11 B 3TOM CMhIC-
JIe .l{eHTeJIhHOCTb MCTpe6MTeJIeH npOTHB HCTpe6MTeJIeH, OJJ;HO
113 caMbIX 6JIarOpO.l{HeHillHX H repoHqecKMX. npOHBJleHHH Be-
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BTopocTeneHHoH 3a,aaqeH, c06cTBeHHo MH 60eBhIx JJ;eHcTBHH
Ha 3eMJle He npMHOCH eH HHqero, KpOMe 06eCnetIeHMH B03MOJK-
HOCTM pa3Be.l{KM M KOppeKTMpOBKH apTorHH. 11, TeM He eHee,
I1MeHHO 3Ta BTopOCTeneHHasI 3a,aaqa He TOJIhKO BblillJIa na nep-
BbIH llJIaH, HO 11 norJloIIJ;aJIa HaM60Jlee OIIJ;YTHMhle TeXHHqeCKMe
M JIIO.l{CKHe pecypCbl B aBMaI.{MM. 3TO npHBeJIO K eme O.l{HOMY
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u
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MOJleTOB, CI1JIa HX BJlI1HHHH YBeJIMQMJlaCh He3HaQHTeJIbHO.
ABHal.{MH BO MHorOM norJloIIJ;aJIa caMa ce6H. Cl>paHUY3CKHH re-
Hepa.n ApMaHro, nOJJ;Bo,WI MTOrl1 YQaCTMH aBHal.{MM B BeJIHKOH
BOHHe, Ha3BaJI 3TO OillH6KOH MaCillTa6a; He CTOJIb Y)f( H CMJIh-
Hoe BJlMHHHe OKa3aJIa MCTpe611TeJlbHasI H 60M6apJJ;HpOBOQHaR
aBHaUHH Ha BCIO BOMHY B l.{eJIOM, KaK 3TO npeJJ;CTaBJIHJIOCb npM
nepBOM B3rJIH.l{e. rJlaBHOe ee BJII1HHHe BbIpa3I1J10Cb B p3.3BeJJ;-
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6hIJIO HaCTOHIlI.MM .l{eTHrneM BeJIHKOH BOHHhI. I1MeHHo B YCJIO-
OCH081tble umOlU BellUKOU 80U:llbl
651
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BHjlX JtJlMTeJlhHOH n03MQMOHHOM BOHHhl M pOJtMJIOCh 3TO MOIIt-
Hoe cpeJ{CTBO npophIBa 060POHhI npOTHBHMKa, KOTopoe SlBJISI-
eTCH nepBOCTeneHHOM 3aJJ.atIeM aBHaUHH cerOJtHHlIlHero JtHH.
Teneph t KorJ{a co JtHSI nepBoro nOJleTa 1.JeJIOBeKa B annapa-
Te TlDKeJlee B03.n;yxa npollIJIO CTO JleT, BCHKasi BoeHHasI onepa-
u u u
UHSI HatIMHaeTCH Y)I(e He apTHJlJlepHI1CKOM nOJtrOTOBKOH, a TO-
qetJHhlMM npHQeJlhHhIMH Y,ltapaMM C B03Jtyxa. I1MeHHo TaKMM
06paaOM Ha1.JHHaJIMCh Bce nOCJIeJtHHe BoeHHhIe onepaUMM CilIA
npoTMB IOrocJIaBHH H I1paKa.
11 eCJIM no BTOpOH MMpOBOM BOMne aCbl CqHTaJIH c6HThie
CaMOJIeThI npoTHBHHKa Y)I(e He ,lteCSlTKaMM, a COTHSlMM, TO ce-
v
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B03,ltYllIHhIH 60H HCTpe6HTeJIeH. Ha TaKHX CKOpOCT X nopa:>Ke-
HHe CaMOJIeTa npOTMBHHKa B03MOJKHO JIHllIh paKeTaMM C 60JIh-
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06 3TOM JIM MeqTaJI PMXTfocpeH B MIOHe 1917 f., 3aKaHtIl1-
BID! CBOIO KHMry CJIOBaMH:
no MHe HeT JlyqlIIe MalllHHbI BpOJte Moero "KpaCHeHbKO-
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JIerKHM, HeMaTepHaJIhHhIM, cnoc06HhIM JIeTeTh H Ha cnHHe, H
Ha rOJIOBe, H BBepx, M BHM3. MO)l(eWb BbIKMJ{hIBaTh JII06hle TpIO-
KH H OCTaBaThC$I JIerKHM H cB060.n;HbIM, KaK nTMua. E,ltHHCTBeH-
HM pa3HMQa B TOM, 1.JTO H He MallY KphIJlbHMH, KaK aJIh6aTpOC -
aTy pa60TY BhlnOJlHHeT MOTOp. 51 JtYMaIO, 1.JTO ,a;eJlo H,lteT K TOMY,
tITO BCHKHM CMOJKeT nOKynaTh ce6e JleTHbIM KOCTIOM 3a nOJl-
v
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paCKH,lthlBaTh PYKM, KaK KpbIJlhH, a HorH CBO,ltMTb, KaK XBOCT 11,
B3MaXHYB UeCKOJIhKO pa3 JtJl CTapTa, ynocMTcH B 6e3 OHHoe
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TBOM J{eTM .
652
A6uau,UR BellUKOU 60U1fbl
UMeHHOH YKa3aTeJIb
A1IEXHOBHQ rJIe6 BaCHJlbeBHt{ (1886-1918) - PYCCKHH BO-
eHHbIM JIeTt{HK. B 1910 r. caM Hayt{HJICH JIeTaTb Ha nJIaHepe, HO, 6yl1.Y-
t{H 6JIH30PYKHM, He Mor nocrynHTb B BoeHHYIO aBHaWKOJIY. B 1911 r.
nOJIYlIHJI l1.HIIJIOM aBHaTopa N2 30 BcepoccHMcKoro a3pOKJIy6a, IICnbI-
TbIBaJI CaMOJIeTbI raKKeIDI H CHKopcKoro. C 1912 rOl1.a - JIeTt{HK-HC-
IIbITaTeJIb Ha PYCCKO- DaJITHHCKOM 3aBOlJ;e (PDB3). B Hat{aJIe BOHHbI
IIpH:3BaH B apMHJO, KOMaHl1.HpOM 3KHnCl)Ka HJlbH MypoMna , c Q>eB-.
paJI 1915 r. COBepWaJI 60eBbIe BbIJIeTbI, BbInOJIH Jl3a.n:aHHR no 60M-
6aplJ;HpOBKe H: pa3Bel1.Ke. HarpCl)K,lteH reoprHeBCKH:M KpeCTOM. DbIJI
OCHOBHbIM nOMOIUHHKOM A. )l(YKoBcKoro B C0311.aHH:H: BeTpot{eTa (Tpe-
yrOJIbHHKa yt{eTa 60KoBoro BeTpa). TIocJIe peBOJIJOUHH 06Yt{aJI KYP-
caRTOB, BOeBaJI JIeTt{HKOM npOTHB 6eJIOrnapl1.eMl.{eB, norH6 npH nepe-
rOlle «MypoMl.{a t{epe3 cHe)J(HbIH l.{HKJIOH.
A P li.EY 11 0 B KOHCTaHTHH KOHcTaHTHHOBHl{ ( 1891-1980) - pyc-
CKHM JIeTt{HK, BHYK I1BaHa AHBa30BCKOro; l1.HnJIOM JIeTt{HKa N2 45 Bce-
pOCcHMcKoro a3poKJIy6a nOJIyt{HJI B 1911 r., pa60TaJI HHCTPYKTOpOM. B
1912 r. 6bIJI npH3BaH B apMHIO KaBaJIepHCTOM H, HeCMOTpH Ha HeXBaTKY
JIeTlIHKOB, B aBHal.{HIO nepeweJI TOJIbKO B Hat{aJIe 1915 r. Cl1.aJI 3K3aMeH
na 3BaHHe BoeHHoro JleTlIHKa B KallHHCKOH JIeTHOH WKOJIe H: 6bIJI Ha-
3HalleH B 18-H KopnycHoH aBHaOTpM. BbInOJlH JI 3an.aHH no paaBel1.Ke
H KoppeKTHpoBKe apTHJIJIepHH. HcnbITbIBaJI OTelleCTBeHHbIH uCTpe6H-
TeJIb MocKa . B 8-M aBH:aOTp l1.e H:cTpe6HTeJIeH npoBeJl60JIee 20 B03-
l1.YllIHbIX 60eB, COBepWHB CBbIIlle 210 60eBbIx BbIJIeTOB. Y11.0CTOeH nHTH
BOHHCKH:X 0pl1.eHOB. Pa60TaJI Hat{aJIbHHKOM H:cTpe6HTeJIbCKOrO OTl1.eJIe-
HHH Kat{HHCKOH JIeTHOH WKOJIbI. BnepBbIe npOl1.eMOHCTpHpOBaJI B03-
MO)l(HOCTb BbIXOl1.a caMOJIeTa H3 IIlTOIIopa», paHce ct{HTaBllIerOCH CMep-
TeJIbHbIM (24 ceHTH6pR 1916 r.) Ha CaMOJIeTe «HblOnop . IlocJIe peBO-
JIlOl.{HH rOTOBHJI KalJ;pbI BoeHHbIX JIeTt{HKOB, 6bIJI opraHH3aTopOM
nJIaHepH3Ma, nOTOM npo<PeccHOHaJIbHbIM XY11.0)KHH:KOM.
EEJIbKE OCBaJIbl1. (1891-1917) - repMaHCKHM BoeHHbIIIJIeTtIHK
(ol1.ep)lGlJI 40 n06el1.), KOMaHl1.Hp nepBoH HCTpe6HTeJIbHOH 3CKa,lJ;pHJIbH
«5Irl1.11ITaQ><PeJIb». B aBHal.{HH C 1914 r., Ol1.HH H3 nepBbIX aCOB BeJIH:KOM
BOHHbI, B HIlBape 1916 r. nOJIyqHJI 0pl1.eH 3a xpa6pocTb 3a 7 C6HTbIX
CaMOJICTOB IIpOTH:BHHKa. Ilonf6 28 OKTH6p 1916 r. Ha COMMe.
EeJIbKe Ct{IITaJI, liTO «rJIaBHOe B B0311.YWHOM 6010 - BepTHKaJIb-
HaH CKOpOCTb .
EI1IIIOrr YHJIb M 3BepJIH (DHJIJIH) (1894-1956) - KaHal1.cKHH
BoeHHbIH JIeTt{HK (ol1.ep)K3JI 72 II06el1.bI), MapIllaJI aBUal.{HH KaHaJ(bI.
HMeH:1-l0U YKa3amell'b
653
llOJIY'IHJI 06pa30BaHHe B BOeHHOM KOpOJIeBCKOM KOJIJIe.l()Ke (KHHr-
CTOH). Bo <I>paHUH1O nOnaJI C 6pHTaHCKHM 3KCne,ltH[(HOHHbIM Kopny-
COM. B 1915 r. nepeBeJIC» B aBHa[(H1O. HarpcUK.l(eH KpecToM BHKTO-
pHH H ,ltpymMH op,lteHaMH. C 1931 r. - KanHTan KaHa,ltCKHx BBC, C
1936 r. - MapmaJI, C 1938 r. - MapllIaJI BBC. HanHCaJI KHHrn: «KPbI-
JIaTa» BOHJla , JI eTalOll.(3.S1 3CKaJJ;pHJIb.Sl , «B03,ltYlIlHa.Sl OXOTa .
EHlIlon rOBOpHJI: «Ocy eCTBJIeHHe Bne3anHOCTIt aTaKM Conp.Sl)KC-
HO C pa60ToH, Tpe6YIO eH 60JIbllIOrO TCpneHlI.SI; ycnex l(OCTHraCTC.SI
TOJIbKO nOCJIe ueJIoro p.Sl,lta HeY.l(a\.{ .
YnOM.SIHYT B paCCKaae YHJIb.SlMa <DOJIKHep3 «Ad Astra .
EOJIII An:b6epT (1896-1917) - 6pHTaHcKHH BoeHllbIH JIeT4HK,
o,ltep)KaJI 43 n06e,ltbI. PO,ltHJIC.SI 21 aBrycTa B HOTTHHreMe, 3aKOUqHJI
KOJIJIe.l()K B TpeHTe B 1913 r. C caMoro Ha4aJIa BOHHbI B apMHH. BbIY'iliJIC.SI
JIeTaTb (3a CBOM ClIeT) JIeTOM 1915 r. B XeuJ{oHe (MHJICeKc) 11 n OKT.H6pc
1915 r. no.ny411JI cepTH<pHKaT nUJIOTa. C 4>eBpaJI.SI 1916 r. npllCTYUHJI K
60enoll pa60Te BO <DpaHUHH B KaqCCTBe BToporo IIHJIOTa. B 1IIOHe 1916 r.
6blJI 3a'lHCJIen B 11-10 3CKaJJ;pI1JIbJO B Ka'leCTBe paaBe.l(qMKa, JIeTaJI Ha
CaMOJIeTaX THna HbIOIIOp , HeCKOJIbKO n03,ltHee neperneJI CHallaJIa B
56-10, a 3aTeM B 60-10 HCTpe6HTeJIbHYlO 3CKMpMJIblO. DbIJI C6MT MJIa,n,-
lIlHM PnxTro<penoM ne,ltaJIeKO OT AHHYJIeHa 7 M3.S1 1917 r.
E YPMAH reoprHH BJIa.lJ.lIMHpOBnll (1855-1922) - PYCCKHH re-
Hepa.n:-MaMop (1910). OKOHqllJI HMKOJIaeBCKOe BoeHHoe HH)KeHepHOe
ytlHJIHIUe. EbIJI Ha3HaqeH HallaJIbHHKOM OQ>HuepcKoH 3JIeKTpMlIecKoII
lllKOJIbI. B ,lteKa6pe 1914 r. C OCTaBJIeHHeM npe)KueiI ,ltOJDKHOCTH na-
3HaQCn HaqaJIbHMKOM B03,ltYlIlHOH 060POHbI TIeTpOrpa,lta Ii ll.apcKoro
CeJIa. HaXO,ltHJIC.SI B 3TOH ,ltOJI)KHOCTH ,lt0 BeCHbI 1918 r. B ,ltaJIbHCii-
weM npOXO,ltHJI CJIY)K6y B BoeHHO-HH)KeHepJlOM Be,ltOMCTne KpacHOrl
ApMHH.
BACI1JIbEB AJIeKCaH,ltp AneKceeBH'I (1881-1918) - no o6pa-
30BaHH1O IOpHCT, OKOHlIHJI BO <I>PaH[(HH lllKOJIY EJlcpHO H nOJIyqHJI
,ltHnJIO nHJIOra N2 192 (1910). nonYJI.SIpH3HpOBaJI ycnexH anHaUHH,
cOBeprnHJI B 1910 r. 6ecnOCa,ltOqHbIH nepeJIeT EJIHCaBeTnOJIb - TIi<p-
JIHC, o,ltep)KaJI n06e,lty B rpynnoBoM nepeJIeTe n eTep6ypr - MOCKBa
(725 KM) H3 CaMOJIeTe EJIepHo . C 1913 r. pa60TaJI JIeTqUKOM-HcnbI-
TaTeJIeM B TIeTep6ypre. C HallaJIa BOHHbI npHHHMaJI Y\laCTHe B 60e-
BbIX ,lteHCTBH.SIX B KalleCTBe OXOTHHKa (,lt06pOBOJIbua). 23 aBrycTa
1914 r. H3-33 IIOBpeJKJ{eHH.SI MOTopa c,lteJIaJI BbIHY)KJ{eHHYIO nOCa,ltKY
OKOJIO JIbBoBa H nonaJI B IIJIelI K aBcTplliiuaM. IIocJIe Hey,ltaqHOrO no-
6era OKa3aJIC.SI B JIarepe CTpororo pe:>KHMa, YMCP B nJIellY.
BE;1:PI1H (18??-1919) - <ppaHUY3cKHH BoeHHbIH JIeTqHK, Bnep-
Bble npOCJIaBllJIC.H B 1911 r. nepeJIeTOM TIapn)K - Ma,ltpH,lt. B 1912 r.
654
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80UHbt
nOCTaBHJI peKOpJl: CKOpOCTH - 167 KM/tJac. BoeBan B HCTpe6HTeJlh-
HOM 3CKa.ltpHJlbe .AHCTOB.. IIorH6 20 anpeJl.R1919 r. BbIJleTeB co CBO-
HM MexaHHKoM H3 IIapH)K3 B PHM. lIepe3 HeCKOJlbKO tJaCOB nOJleTa no
HeH3BeCTHbIM npHtJHHaM CaMOJleT ynan, 06a JleTt{HKa norH6J1H.
BEJIJII1Hr DOpHC KOHcTaHTHHoBH'I (1892-1923) - PYCCKHH
JleTtJHK; CTYJteHT MOCKOBCKoro TeXHHtJeCKoro YtJHJlHI.U;a, OKOHtJHJI
MOCKOBCKYIO WKOJIY aBHan;HH co 3BaHHeM BoeHHoro JleT'lHKa. CJlY-
:>KHJI B 12-M KopnYCHOM aBHaOTpHJte, BhlnOJlHHJI pa3Be,ltbIBaTeJlbHhIe
nOJIeTbI Ha .HhlOnope., nOTOM pa60Tan C Kp)'TeHeM Ha 3aBo,lte 4,n:YKC
H B aBHaWKOJle. B HHBape 1918 r., JIeTH Ha 60M60MeTaHHe, ero Mo-
paH», neperpY:>KeHHbIH 60M6aMH, BCJleJtCTBHe OCTaHOBKH MOTopa ne-
peBepHY JICH H ynan Ha 3eMJlIO, HO JleTtJHK BbDKHJI. IIoTOM BoeBan B
18-M KopnYCHOM OTpHJte, rJte COBepillHJI MHoro 60eBbIX BbIJIeTOB. C
ceHTH6pH 1916 r. pa60Tan HHCTPYKTOPOM MOCKOBCKOH IllKOJlbI aBHa-
1.(HH, HeCKOJIbKO paa HarpaQaJICH 60eBbIMH Harpa.n;aMH. nOCJIe peBO-
JIlO1.(HH B03rJIaBJIHJI JIeTHYIO illKOJIY, BoeBan C 6eJIOrBapJteHn;aMH H 6ac-
MatJaMH, a nOCJIe fpIDKJtaHCKOH BOHHbI nOJIyqHJI H3BeCTHOCTb peKopJt-
HhIMH nepeJIeTaMH Qepe3 KaBKa3CKHH xpe6eT, KapaKYMhI. norH6 npH
BbInOJIHeHHH TpeHHpOBOtJHoro nOJIeTa Ha .IOHKepce».
fEPI1Hf fepMaH (1893-1946) - HeMeUKHH BoeHHhIH JIeT'IHK.
npHHHJI KOMaHJtOBaHHe rpynnoH PHxTro<peHa B HIOHe 1918 r. H 3a-
KOHtJHJI BOHHY C 22 B03JtYWHbIMH no6eJtaMH. C 1922 r. PYKOBoJtHTeJIb
lIITypMOBhlX aBHauHOHHbIX OTpMOB. C 1933 r. rJIaBa npaBHTeJIbCTBa
IlpyccHH, HMnepcKHH MHHHCTp aBHaUHH, HenocpeJtcTBeHHbIH opra-
HH3aTOp npOBOKaUHOHHoro noJtjl(ora PeHxcTara B Q>eBpane 1933 r.
IlocJIe npRxoJta K B.7laCTH HaUHCTOB HatJaJI peKpYTHpOBaTb CBOHX CTa-
pblX 60eBbIx TOBapHIUeH BO BHOBb C03JtaBaeMhIe fepMaHCKHe BoeHHO-
B03JtYllIHbie CHJIbI. B 1935 f., CTaB rJIaBHOKOMaHJtYIOI.U;HM HeMen;KHMH
JIIO<pTBa<p<pe, npHCBOHJI HMH HMMeJIbMaHa 2-H llITYPMOBOH 3CKa,ape
nHKHpYIOI.U;HX 60M6ap,ltHpOBI.U;HKOB.
nOCJIe OKOHtJaHHH BTOpOH MHpOBOH BOHHbI npHrOBopeH K CMepT-
HOH Ka3HH, nOKOHt{HJI jl(H3Hb caMoy6HHCTBOM.
fYlI1HEMEP )l(oPjl( (1894-1917) - Q>paHUY3cKHH noeHHbIH
JIeT\{HK. BoeBan B HCTpe6HTeJIbHOH rpynne .AHCTOB.. no ero npocb6e
B 1916 r. KOHCTpYKTOP MapK EHpKHIT BMOHTHpOBan B paaBan V-06-
paaHOfO MOTopa I1crraHo-CIOH3a» KOPOTKYIO 37 -MM rJIaJ(KOCTBOJIb-
HYIO, CTpeJIHIOI.U;YIO KapTetJhlO nYIlIKY. BonpeKH Tpe60BaHHHM npeMe-
HH He rrepeweJI Ha TaKTHKY rpyrrrroBbIX rrOJIeTOB HCTpc6HTeJICH, 6bIJI
C6UT 11 ceHTH6pH 1917 r.
rPHfOPOBI1Q ,n:MHTpHH IlaBJIoBHtJ (1883-1938) - PYCCKHH
BoeHHbIH KOHCTPYKTOp, KanHTaH. Bo BpeMH nepBOH MIfpOBOif BOHHbl
H.M.e1l'HOU Y'Ka3amellb
655
ycnewHO pa60Ta.n Ha.lt C03 aHHeM rH,ltpOCaMOJIeTOB Tjl)KeJIOrO THlIa.
C03,ltaJI MOpCKHe HCTpe6HTeJIH COlIpOBO)l(,lteIlH.SI - O,ltHOMeCTHbIH
M -11 H ,ltByxMecTHbIJI M -12. HaJIeTbI JIeTalOIUHX JIO,ltOK fpHropoBH'Ia
Ha CTaHl.(HIO repMaHCKHX rH,ltpOHJIanOB B ATepHe, IIO npH3HaHHIO HeM-
l.(eB, .0TJIH'IaJIHCb 60JIbWOH CMeJIOCTblO..
,abIEOBCKI1f1 BHKTOp BJIa.z1HMHpOBH'I (1884-1950) - JIeHTe-
HaRT Q>JIOTa, 3aKOH'IHJI CeBa TOnOJIbCKYIO aBHaWKOJIY B 1911 r.Ocy-
meCTBHJI aKcnepHMeHT no nOHcKY nO,ltBO,ltHhIX JIO,ltOK C B03Ayxa na
caMOJIeTe . BJIepHo.. C 1911 r. 3aHHMa.nC.SI KOHCTPYKTOpCKOH ,lte.slTeJIb-
HOCTblO: clteJIaJI npHCIIOC06JIeHHe ltJI.sI 3anYCKa MOTopa 6e3 nocTopoH-
HeR nOMOmH, 06T.sIIIYJI nOJIOTHOM <p103eJI.SI)K, OCTeKJIHJI 60pTa <p103e-
JI.sI)I(a. B 1913 r. nOCTpOHJI OpHfHlIaJIbHbIH MOHOnJIaH «.l{eJIbQ>HlI». Bo
BpeM.sI BOHHbI pa3pa60TaJI cxeMY CHHxpOHH3aTopa .l{JI.sI cTpeJIb6bI H3
nYJleMeTa 'Iepe3 BHHT, HO OHa He 6bIJIa npHH.sITa. C oceHH 1915 r. OTO-
3BaH C <ppoHTa H HanpaBJIeH B JIOHltOH. B POCCHIO He BepHYJIC.sI. Cxe-
MY ClfHxpOHH3aTopa nepeltaJI B .sIHBape 1916 r. 6puTaHcKoMY Cl,lJ.MH-
pa.nTeHcTBY H Y)I(e 'IepC3 nOJIrO.l{a CHHxpOHH3aTOp CKapQ>Q>a-l1bI60B-
CKoro 6blJI YCTaHOBJIeH Ha CaMOJIeTaX .ConBHl{».
E<DI1MOB MHXaUJI HHKHQ>OPOB}I\{ (1881-1919) - nepBblH PYC-
CKHii JleTQHK. OKOH'IHJI WKOJIY <I>apMaHa B 1910 r. C ,ltHIIJIOMOM N2 31.
Qepe3 ,lteC.sITb ,ltHeH YCTa1l0BHJI MHpOBOH peKOp,lt npOltOJI)KHTeJIbIlO-
CTH nOJIeTa C nacCaJKHpOM. 21 MapTa 1910 r. COBepWIiJJ B O,ltecce nep-
BhIe ny6JIHQllhle nOJIeTbI. Y'IaCTBOBaJI B copeBHOBaHH.sIX B 11 TaJIHII,
<I>paHl.(HH, BeHrpHH, nOJIY'Ia.sl npH3bl 3a CKOpOCTb H npO,ltOJI)I(HTeJIb-
HOCTb nOJIeTOB. EblJI B \{HCJIe nepBbIX JIeTtUIKOB MHpa, ocyw.eCTBI1B-
wux BHpa:>KH, cnHpanH, nHKHpoBaHHe It nJIaIIHpOBaHHe C BbIKJlIO\{eU-
HblM .l{BHraTeJIeM H nepBbIM npolteMOHcTpHpOBaJI HX B PoecHH. Co-
BepWHJI (coBMecTHo C JI. MaQHeBH'IeM) nepBbIe B POCCHH 1I0\{Hble
nOJIeTbI, nOJIY\{HJI npH3bl BOCHHoro Be,ltOMCTBa 3a nO,lt'beM HaM60JIb-
wero rpY3a H JlY\{llIHH I1JlallJlPYIOIUHH cnycK. C anpeIDI 1915 r. B ,lteH-
cTBYlOmeH apMHH B Ka'leCTBa JIeT1JHKa-OXOTHliKa 32-ro aBuaOTpMa,
nOJlHbIH reopnfeBcKHH KaBaJIep; JIeTaJI Ha «HbIOIIope-11.. nOCJIe pe-
BOJIIO HH Q>JIarMaHCKHH JIeT'iHK npH KOMHccape rn.l{pOaBHal.(HH. llpH
3aXBaTe 6eJIOrBaplteHl.(aMH OlteCCbI 6bIJI paCCTpeJI.sIH; TaM ero HMeHeM
Ha3BaHa YJIHl.(a.
)KYKOBCKI1A HHKOJIaH ErOpOBHQ (1847-1921) - PYCCKHij
Y'leHbIH, 'IJIeH-KoppecnOH,lteHT lleTep6yprcKoH AH, OCHOBOnOJIO)f(HHK
cOBpeMeHHoH aapO,ltHHaMHKH. TIbITaJIC}I nOCTaBHTb aBHaIlHoHHYIO
HaYKY na CJIY)f(6y 060poHocnoc06HocTH CTpaHbl - C03ltaTb aBHal.(H-
OHHbIH HIlCTHTYT. llolt PYKOBOltCTBOM )KyKoBcKOro BeJIHCL pa60Tbi no
C03,ltaHH1O aBIIa60M6 60JlbllIOrO KaJIH6pa, ocYIlteCTBJIellbI MHorne Ha-
656
A8Ua UJl BellUKOU 80U1lbl
yqHbIe OTKpbITI1JI B 06JIaCTH ,l{HHaMHKH nOJIeTa, YCTOHqHBOCTM, MeTO-
,l{OB paCqeTa Ha rrpOqHOCTb, ,l{aJIbHeHllIHe paapa60TKH no TeopHH B03-
,l{YlliHoro BMHTa. )J(YKOBCKMM 6bIJIa C03,l{aHa HOBaH HaYKa - a3p06aJI-
JIHCTMKa; B pa60Te EOM60MeTaHHe C a3pOnJIaHOB. (1916) OH HayqHO
061>RCHMJI rrOJIeT anMa60M6bI H YKa3aJI B03MO)KHhIe THlIbI 60M6ap,ZJJf-
pOnOqHbIX rrpMI.{eJIOB. EJIarO,l{apR ero TpY,l{aM 6hIJIa C03,l{aHa H HOBaH
HaYKa - TeXHHqeCKa.H a3pOMeXaHI1Ka. HeCMOTpR Ha B03paCT, BO Bpe-
MR BOHHbI yqeHbIH 3aHRJICR pa3pellIeHHeM BonpocOB nJIOXOH KOHCT-
PYKI.{HH CaMOJIeTOB H 01lIH60K rrHJIOTHpOBaHHR, TO eCTb npHqHHaMH
60JIbllIHHCTBa KaTaCTpo<p PYCCKHX BoeHHhIX JIe'NHKOB. OH qHTaJI CJIY-
llIaTeJIRM JIeTHbIX KypCOB CrreI.{HaJIbHbIH KYpc JIeKQHH no YCTOHqHBO-
CTH CaMOJIeTOB; TaK:>Ke qMTaJI JIeKI.{HH H no ,l{HHaMHKe nOJIeTOB, B KO-
TOpbIX CQ>OPMY JIHpOBaJI BbIBO,l{ 0 TOM, qTO YBeJIH'IeHHe CKOpOCTH
nOJIeTa a3pOnJIaHa ,l{eJIaeT pa3MaXH ero KOJIe6aHHH MeHee 3HaqHTeJIb-
HbIMH . TeOpeTH'IeCKHe pa60TbI )J(YKOBCKoro IIO MeTO.n;y TRr H MOIl{-
HOCTeH (KOTopbIe, KCTaTH HCrrOJIb30BaJIH 3apy6e)J(HbIe yqeHbIe H ,l(aJIH
HM H3.3BaHHe KpHBbIX neHO B TO BpeMR KaK OHH ,l(OJI:>KHbI 6bIJIH 6bI
no npaBY Ha3bIBaTbC» KpHBbIMH )J(YKOBCKorol. ) II03BOJIHJIH C03,l(aTb
BHHT HE)I(, KOTOpbIH BO BpeMH nOHHbI 6bIJI npHIDIT ,l(JIR PYCCKOH aBHa-
UJUI. Bo BpeMH BOHHbI yqeHbIH C03,l{aJI rrepBhIH cHCTeMaTMqeCKIU1 KYpC
TeOpeTHqeCKHe OCHOBbI B03,l{yxOrrJIanaIUUl , H }')J(e B 1916 r. 3TOT TPY,l(
6bIJI nepeneJJ,eH Ha Q>paHI.{Y3cKHH H 113,l(aH B ,napH)J(e. A HaKaHYHe BOI1-
lIbI Ha HeMeI.{KlfH 6bIJIa nepeBe,l(eHa ero KHHra O JIO,l(,l(ep)fOfBaIOIl{HX
nJIaHaX a3pOIIJIaHa , qTO J{aJIO B03MO)KHOCTb HeMeQKHM KOHCTPYKTO-
paM B pa3rap DOHHbI BbInYCTHTb CB060,l(HOHCCY He MOHOIIJIaHbI C TOJI-
CTbIM npOcPHJIeM KpbIJIa. no MHOrJ.1M BorrpocaM )({YKonCKHH: orrepe-
,l(HJI 3anan:HoeBpOrreHCKI1X yqeHbIX, KOTopbIe lliHpOKO BOCnOJIb30na-
JIHCb nJIO.ll.aMH ero TPY,l(OB.
I1MMEJIbMAH MaKc (1890-1916) - KpacaH rOp,l(OCTb HCMeI.{-
KOII aBMaI.{UI1, O,l(MH H3 nepBbIX repMaHCKHX aCOB. PO,l(HJICR B )].pe3,l(e-
He. BHec 60JIbllIOH BKJIan: B npaKTHqecKYIO pa3pa60TKY TaKTHKH If
MeTO.ll.HKH B03JJ:YIlIHoro 60H. EbIJI C6HT H norn6 Ha){ TeppHTopMCM
<DpaHIJ.HH 18 HIOHR 1916 r. Ero HMeHeM Ha3BaJIH <pHryPY BblClUero
rrMJIOTa)Ka - rrepenopoT I1MMeJIbMaHa.
o TOM, qTO KacaeTCR lfCKYCCTBa B03,l(YIliHoro 60.Sl, I1MMeJIbMall
nHca.n: .H 6e30PY)KeH, IIOKa R HH)Ke .
!(A3AKOB AJIeKCaH,l(p ArreKcaH,l(pODHq (1880-1919) - PYCCKHl1
BoeHHbIt'1 JIeTtIHK, nOJIKOBHHK (1917). OKOHqHJI faT'lHHcKYIO BoeHHYIO
anHaUHOHHYIO III I<:OJIy. EbIJI Ha3HaqeH KOMaH,l(HpOM aB, l1aOTpR,l(a 3a-
TeM KOMaH,l(HpOM nepBoH 60enoH aBHarpynrrbI (1916). C6uJI JIHlfHO
1 7 CaMOJICTOD rrpOTHBHHKa, 15 1-13 KOTOpblX B COCTaBe rpyrrrrbI. Bcero
l1.Me1l1lou YKa3ameJlb
657
O,ltep:>KaJl 32 B03,ltymHhIx n06e,lthI. B MapTe 1915 r. COBepmHlI nepnbn';'I
B MHpe B03,ltymHhIH TapaH caMOlleTa rrpOTHBHHKa C 6JIarOrrollYl£HblM
HCXO,ltOM. rp(l)K,l{aHcKYIO BOllHY Hal£aJI B COCTaBe KpacHoM ApMlfH; pac-
CMaTpHBaJIC.SI Ha ,ltOJI)KHOCTh Ha1.IaJIbHHKa rJIaBHOrO ynpaBJIeHH.SI Kpac-
Horo B03,ltymHoro Q>1I0Ta (1918); rrepemeJI Ha CTOPOHY 6eJIbIX; pac-
CMaTpHBaJIC.SI Ha ,ltOJI)KHOCTb Hal£aJIbHHKa mTa6a aBHaUMoHHoll apMliH
reHepaJla E.K. MHHKepa. ShIll Ha3Hal£eH KOMaH,ltHpOM 1-1"0 aBMa,ltM-
BH3HOHa, 3aTeM 3aMeCTHTeJIeM KOMaH,ltYIOll.{erO CJIaB.SIHO- EpHTaHcKo-
1"0 aBHaI.{HOHHOro Koprryca (1918). TIorH6 B aBHaI.{HOHHOll KaTaCTpo-
<l>e 1-1"0 aBrycTa 1919 r.
KPYTEHb EBrpaQ> HHKOJlaeBH1.I (1892-1917) - PYCCKIfH BO-
eHHbIH JIeTqHK, mTa6c-KarrHTaH. PO,ltHJIC.SI (17) 30 ,lteKa6p.Sl 1892 r. n
KHeBe, 06pa30BaHHe nOJIYl£HJI B KHeBcKoM Ka.n.eTCKOM Koprryce. B
1914 r. 3aKOH'{IfJI raTt{HHcKYIO BoeHHYIO aBHaQHOHUYIO U1KOJIY. COBCp-
meHCTBOBaJI JIeTHOe HCKYCCTBO BO <1>paHI.{HH H AHrJIHIf. C 1916 r. na-
3HaqeH KOMaH,ltHpOM 2-H HCTpe6IfTeJIhHOH rpyrrnbl PYCCKOH aBHaQlIH,
6a3HpOBaBmeHc.SI OKOJIO EpO,lthI.
CHaqaJIa JIeTaJI Ha CaMOJIeTe HbIorrop-17 C pOTaTHBHbIM ,ltBH-
raTCJIeM POH MOll.{HOCTbIO 80 JI. C., 3aTeM Ha I-IbIOnope-23 C JI.BII-
raTeJIeM POH MOll.{HOCTbIO 120 JI. C., Ha 60PTY KOToporo 6bIJIa napn-
COBana rOJIOBa PYCCKoro BHT.SI3.S1 B ,ltpCBHeM lllJIeMe.
B HaqaJIe aBrYCTa, nepe,lt OT'be3,lI.OM B ,lteHCTBYIOI.llYIO apMIIJO,
KpYTeHb C rrOMOll.{bIO HeCKOJIbKIfX MOJIO,ltbIX JIeTl£HKOB, TaK)f(C YJKC
rroJlyqHBllIHX Ha3HaqenMe Ha Q>POHT, BbIKaTIIJI If3 aHrapa ,,<DapMau-
20", Ha KOTOpOM JICTaJI I1yap3. I-Ia6paB I<pyraMH BhlCOTY 01(0110 1000 M
Ha.n; raTqHHCKHM a3po,npoMOM, KpyrCHb npo,lteJIaJI O,ltHY 3a ,nPyroii ,ltBC
MepTBbIC rreTJIH. "faK nnepnhle ITOCJIe I-IecTcpoBa 6bIJIa nOBTopClIa MCPT-
BCUI neTJI.SI B POCCHH (MaqaBapllaIlIf).
Bnec MHoro rrpIfeMoB B apcenall B03,ltYlliHoro 60.Sl. Ero HaI1tJOJIee
oTpa60TaHHbIe npIfeMbI - aTaKa C npeIfMyru:ecTBoM B BbICOTe, IIpOXO,lI.
co CTOpOHbI COJIHI.{a B 50-100 M HH)I(e npOTHBIUIKa, KPYTOM 60CBOii
pa3BopOT B XBOCT rrpOTIfBHIfKa. C6HJI JIII4HO 17 CaMOJIeTOB.
O,ltHa)K]J:bI, C6HB neMeI.{KHH CaMOJIeT H B3.S1B B IIJIeH JIeTl{HKa, on
y)KC npIfcTynUJI K ,n:onpocy, KaK B,ltpyr YCJIbIllIaJlwYM MOTopa ,Z!pyroro
CaMOJIeTa rrpoTlIBHHKa. Hu MI1UYTbI He pa3'z!YMbIBa51, KpYTellb rro.n.-
H.SIJIC.SI B B03,ltyX H c6IfJI BTOPYIO MaUllU-IY, B I<OTOpOti OKa3aJIC.SI KOMan-
,ltHp TOJIbKO qTO c6UToro HM HeMCl.(KOrO IUfJIOTa, OTIIpaBlIBlllUiiC51 Ha
nOMCKH CBoero rrO,ltoneqnoro. B .n.pyroii pa3, oxpau.Sl.Sl KOppeKTl1pOn-
lI{IfKa, OH H3paCXOJJ;OBaJI BCCb 6CII3MJI If CTall rrJIaHlIpOBaTb na CBOl1
a3pOJI.pOM. BCTpCTHB Ha nYTH repMaHCKHII CaMOJIeT, 06CTpCJI.SIJI II C6I1JI
ero, He IIMC.SI B 6aKax IIH KarrJIII roplOl{ero.
658
A8ua Wl BellUKOU 80Ullbl
KpYTeHb peKOMeH,n;OBaJI JIeTqHKaM BCer,n;a Hana,n;aTb BHe3anHO,
nepBbIMH, nOJIb30BaTbC MepTBblMH yrJIaMH 3peHH H cTpeJIb6hI npo-
THBHHKa".lUI HaJ(e)f(HOCTH CTpeJI Tb C MaKCHMaJIbHO KOpOTKOrO pac-
CTO HH , npH6JIH)J(MCb npaKTHqeCKH BnJIOTHYIO. . Ha,lto, - rOBOpHJI
OH, - HMeTb rJIa3a C3aJ(H, aTaKOBaTb OtJ;HH pa3. . KpaihIe He06xotJ;HMO
nepBOMY 06HapY)J(HTb npOTHBHHKa B B03tJ;yxe, qTO tJ;aCT B03MO)f(HOCTb
OBJIatJ;eTb HHHII.HaTHBOH, a 3HaqHT, npHHeceT ycnex... "llOHMaB" Bpa-
ra, JIeT'lHK-I1CTpe6HTeJIb He tJ;OJI)f(eH BhInYCKaTb ero H3 ,,3aXBaTa" tJ;0
Tex nop, nOKa He 6YtJ;eT HCTpaqeH nOCJIetJ;HHH naTpOH, nOCJIe qero no-
JIe3HO 0603HaqHTb CTpeMJIeHHe TapaHHTb HenplUlTeJIbCKHH a3pOnJIaH.
TaKOH MaHeBp qaCTO BbIHY)K,l{aeT npOTHBHHKa npOH3BOtJ;HTb nOCaJ(KY
Ha HallIeM TeppHTopHH , - nHCaJI OH. 11M C<POPMYJIHpOBaHbl OCHOB-
HbIe Tpe60BaHH K JIeTHO-TaKTHqeCKHM KaqeCTBaM CaMOJIeTa-HCTpe-
6HTeJI : 1) CKOpOCTb BepTHKaJIbHa H ropH30HTaJIbHaR; 2) BepTKOCTb
anrrapaTa; 3) nblCOKHH rrOTOJIOK . CqHTaJI, qTO .B03tJ;YllIHbIM 60H
CJIlfllIKOM HHtJ;HBH,n;YaJIeH tJ;JI KroK)toro OTtJ;eJIbHOrO CJIyqaR, H HHKa-
Koro BnOJIHe onpctJ;eJIeHHOrO peII.enTa tJ;aTb HeJIb3 . n03TOMY OTHO-
CHTeJIbHO CBOUX Hac-raBJIeHHH npetJ;ynpe)f(tJ;aJI: .113JIaraeMblM 3lteCb
HatJ;O BOCrrOJIb30BaTbC , qT06hI He CtJ;eJIaTb CJIHllIKOM rpy6wx 01lIH60K
H qT06 npliMeHHTb B c06cTBeHHoM 6010 KOM6HHaII.HlO 113 60eBOH Ol.(en-
KH cBoeM 06CTa HOBKH H YKa3aHHhIX 3lteCb tJ;aHHhIX OIIhITa .
KpOMe Toro, nHCaJI, 'lTO .Ha6JIlOtJ;aTeJIb HY)f(eH JIHllIb.lUl oxpaJlbl
TbIJIa JIeTqHKa no BpeM caMoH ero pa60ThI. Ho 3TO npome ltOCTlIqb
napHbIM nOJIeTOM HCTpe6HTeJIeH, rrpHqeM TaKM pa3tJ;eJIbHaR napa 6y-
,lteT BcertJ;a MorymecTBeHHee ,ltBYX qeJIOBeK, CB 3aHHbIX OtJ;HH C tJ;PY-
rMM H CJItJ; Il{I1X Ha 0tJ;I10M annapaTe 6e3 B03MO>KHOCTH nOMoraTb J{pyr
tJ;pyry B3aUMHbIM MaHeBpOM..
B 6polillope «HallIecTBHe HHOnJIeMeHHHKOB 06pYlllHBaJIC Ha
Tex JIeTtJHKOB, KOTopbIe He 3HalOT TeXHHKH, BetJ;YT JIerKOMhICJIeHHbIH
06pa3 )K113HH, nblOT. rOpbKO CeTOBaJI Ha TO, 1fr0 B POCCHH He H3yqalOT
60eBOH onbIT, HeT tJ;a)f(e BoeHHoro aBHa1!HoHHoro >KypHaJIa. «Mbl, KaK
JI.pCBlJUe JIlOltH, Y3HaeM Bce C 3bIKa, lta Ha C06CTBeHHOH cnHue HJIH
rH6eJII1 TOBapHma, B KOTOpOH Ka)f(ltbIH HeMHoro BHHOBaT HallIeH He-
06 3aTeJIbHOCTblO, 1lI)'T JIHBblM OTHOllIeHHeM K cepbe3HOMY tJ;eJIY, 06-
JIaltalOIUeMY TaKOH 6y,n;YInHOCTblO H KpacoToH..
Hannca.n KHHrM: .HaCTaBJIeUHe ]IeTqHKY-HcTpe6HTeJIlO , «B03-
.nYllIHbIH 60th>, «HallIeCTBHe HHOnJIeMeHHHKOB., .qTO tJ;YMaJIOCb B
JIoH.lI.OHe , .BoeHHa aBHaUHJI DO C1>paHII.HH..
MAqABAPHAl-IM MHXaHJI CepreeBHq (1888-19??) - PYCCKHH
BoeHHbIH JICT'lHK; B 1910 r. OKOINH.1I KOHCTaIITHHOBCKOC apTHJIJIepJlH-
CKoe )"lI1JIHIUC B llcTep6ypre H nOJI)"DIJI Ha3HaqeHHe B qHHe no,ltnparrop-
HMell1l0U YKa3ameJlb
659
IUHKa B 39-10 apTHJI.1IepHHcKyx> 6pHra.zty: B 1913 r. Ha OCHOBaHHH JUNHO-
ro panopTa KO laHJu{poBaH B KapccKHH KpenOCTHoH aBHa HoHHbIH OT-
pM Ha J(OJDKHOCTb JIe-rlHKa-Ha6JIIOJ(aTeIDI; B HOR6pe nOCTynHJI B [aTtIHH-
CKYIO BoeHH)'IO JIernylO WKO B Mae 1914 r. npHcryI1HJI K JIeTHOII npaK-
THKe Ha fa-rlHHCKOM a3pOJ(poMe. OKO}{tlliB illKO.ny, co 3BaHHeM BoeHHoro
JIeTtIHKa 6bTJI OTKOMaHJ(HpOBaH B 3-10 aBHaI.J;HOHH)'IO pol)', HaxOJ{RIl()'1O-
CjI B r. JIH,M. BWIbHeHCKOH ry6epHHw. 15 aBryCTa nOJIyqH.1I Ha3HatIeHMe B
1 O-H apMeHcKHH aBHaI.J;HOHHbIH OTpRJ( npw1-H apMHH reHepana PeHHeH-
KaMnct>a, CTORBIllHH B Bep)l(6JIOBO. B RHBape 1916 r. HanpanJIeH Ha Kan-
Ka3CKHH <PPOHT. C JIeTa 1916 r. - KOMaH.l{Hp 2-ro aBHa HOHHoro OTpMa
KaBKa3CKOrO <ppoHTa. B 1929 r. YBOJIeH 113 BoeHHoH aBHa WH no COCTOH-
HHIO 3J(OpOBbR C nepCOHaJIbHOH nencHeH OT PBC. 3aHWMaJI pa3JIll"lHble
BbICOKwe nOCTbI B npaBHTeJlbCTBe fpY3HH.
JIIl'iHO C6HJI BO BpeMR npOBe,aeHWR pa3Be,aKH 2 Type KlIx a3po-
nJIaHa.
IIABAPP (1895-1919) - <ppaHUY3cKHH BoeHHbIW JIeTtIUK, pa3-
6HJICjI 11 HIOJIR 1919 r. n BHJlJIaKy6JIH, ynpa:>KHHRCb n 110JIeTaX n OJ!
TPHYM<PaJIbHOH apKoM, tIepe3 KOTOPYIO ,aOJI)I(HbI 6bIJIW npOi1:TH apMHII
cTpaH II06e,awTeJleH. .
HAfYPCKHA 51H Vlocn<ponHtI (1888-1976) - nepBblrl nOJIRp-
HbIH JIeTtIHK, nopY'iWK. OKOHtIH.1I anHanIKOJIY BcepoccnflcKoro aBHa-
KJIy6a H nOJIY'iH.1I J(HnJlOM NQ 117 B 1913 r., 3aTeM oceHbIO TOrO)l(e rO,lJ,a
H IIeTep6yprcKYIO B03,ayx0I1JIaBaTeJIbHYIO illKOJIY co 3BaHweM DoeHIIO-
ro JleT'lHKa. Kor,aa HatIaJIaCb OpraHW3a HR cnacaTeJlbHbIX OTpMOB ,aJIR
nOHCKa nponaBillHx apKTW'ieCKUX 3Kcne,aH HH, BKJIIOtIHJlCH B 3TY pa60-
TY B KatIeCTBe JIeTtIHKa. AMYMceH nHCM eMY: C BaWHMH IIOJIeTaMH
CBR3bIBalOTCR 60JIbllIHe lIalte)KJ(hI. ECJIH OHW OCYlJ..{eCTBRTCR, CeBep
6YJ(eT HallI, JIb,abI He 6y,aYT npelUlTCTBweM JtJlR tIeJlOBeKa...» B aBrYCTe
1914 r. COnepllIHJI nRTb nOJIeTOB C l-IonoH 3eMJIW, npOllieJI OKOJIO
t 1 100 KM. Bo BpeMR BOHHbl CJIY)I(MJI B aBMaltHH DaJIT<pJloTa KOMaH,aI{-
pOM aBHaOTpMa, BblnOJlHHJI 60JIec CTa 60eBbix BbIJIeTOB, HarpIDK1(eH
nRTbIO opJteHaMH. 30 ceHTR6pR 1916 r. BnepnbIe nhlnOJIHHJI neTJlIO He-
CTepOBa Ha JleTalOIl.(eH JIOJ(Ke. OceHbIO 1917 r. Halt PH)KCKWM 3aJII1BOM
6bIJI c6HT, HO npo,aep)fGlJlCR B Bo,ae 60JIee ,aBYX 'iaCOB H 6bIJI nOJt06paH
nOJJ;Bo,aHOH JIOJtKOH. nOCJIe peBOJlIO WH OCTaJICR B nOJIbllIC.
I-IECTEPOB neTp HHKoJIacBH'i (1887-1914) - PYCCKHH noell-
HbIH JIeTtIHK; KanHTaH (nocMepTHo). OCHOBOnOJIO)l(HHK BblClllero nlt-
JIOTa)Ka. I1epBbIM BBeJI KpeHbl Ha BHpCl)Ke, BblnOJIHWJI pH,a <puryp nblC-
llIero nHJIOTa)Ka, B TOM tIHCJIe (27.08.1913) MepTnylO neTJIIO» (neTJlH
HecTepoBa ).
PO,aHJICjI (15)27 <peBpaJU11887 r. B l-h'I)KHCM HOBropot1e, D ceMbe
660
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80Ullbl
0<pMl1epa-BOcnHTaTeJUI HJDKerOpO,aCKOrO rp. ApaKtIeeBa Ka,aeTCKOrO
Kopnyca. B 1897-1904 rr. 06)"-1aJICR B HH)Keropo,acKOM Ka,aeTCKOM
Kopnyce. 3aKOHtIHJI KypC no 1-MY pa3pR,a B 1904-1906 IT. ytIHJICR B
MHXaHJIOBCKOM apTHJIJIepHHCKoM ytlHJIHme. BbImeJI orry,aa no,ano-
pytIHKOM. nOJIytIHJI Ha3HatIeHHe B 9-10 BOCTOtIHO-CH6HPCKyro CTpeJI-
KOBYIO 6p M razty.
BhICKa3aJI MhICJIh 0 B03MO)KHOCTH npHMeHRTh B KatIeCTBe Ha6JIIO-
,aaTeJIhHhIX nYHKTOB ,aJIR KoppeKTHpOBKH apTHJIJIepHHCKoH CTpeJIh-
6bI a3pOCTaThI. Heo,aHoKpaTHo no,aHHMaJICR B B03 YX Ha a3pOCTaTe
BJIa,aHBOCTOKCKOH KpenocTHoH B03,ayxOnJIaBaTeJIhHOH pOTh!.
B 1910 r. nOCTaBHJI nepe,a C060M 3altatIy nOCTpOMTb c06cTBeHHbIH
JIeTaTeJIhHhIM annapaT. B HIOJIe-aBrycTe 1911 r., Haxo,aRCh B OTnYCKe
B HM)KHeM HOBropo,ae, no,apY)KHJICR C ytIeHHKOM 3HaMeHMToro npo-
<peccopa H.E. )I(YKoBcKoro - n.n. COKOJIOBhIM H CTaJI tIJIeHOM HH-
JKeropo,ltCKorO 06mecTBa B03,ayxOnJIaBaHHR. BMecTe C n.n. COKOJIO-
BhIM nOCTpOHJI nJIaHep, Ha KOTOpOM no,aHRJICR B B03,ayX. VlcnhITaHMR
npoxo,aHJIH B nOJIe 3a neTpOnaBJIOBCKHM KJIa,a6HIlteM, B paMoHe HhI-
HemHHX YJIHl1DCJIHHCKOro H CecTep HeB30poBhIX.
B 1911-1912 rr. )"IHJICR B ileTep6yprcKoM o<pHl{epCKOM B03,ay-
XOnJIaBaTeJIhHOH mKOJIe. 12 ceHTR6pR 1912 r. ocymecTBHJI nepBhIM ca-
MOCTORTeJIhHhIH BhIJIeT. B COCTaBe aBHaOTpR,aa 6hIJI nepeBelteH H3
TIeTep6ypra B BapmaBY, rite B HOR6pe 1912 r. HatIaJI TpeHHpOBOtIHhIe
nOJIeThI Ha 60eBhIx HhJOnopax .
B Mac 1913 r. 6hIJI npHKOMaH,aHpOBaH K 7 -M B03,ayxOnJIaBaTeJIh-
HOM pOTe B KHeBe. B HIOHe 1913 r. nepeBelteH B 11-M KopnycHhIH OT-
PM 3-M anHapoThI, HCnOJIHRJI 06R3aHHOCTH HatIaJIhHHKa.
3apeKOMeH,aOBaJI ce6R KaK JIeT1fHK-3KCnepHMeHTaTop. B 1913-
1914 fr. COBepmUJI peKop,aHhIe nepeJIeThI KHeB-OlteCCa-CeBacTo-
nOJIh H KHeB- neTep6ypr.
B HatIaJIe nepBoii MHpOBOM BOMHhI - B ,aeHcTBYI01l1eM apMHH.
npOCJIanMJICR KaK MaCTep B03,aYlllHOM pa3Be,aKH H 60M60MeTaHMR.
110fH6 B B03,ltYIIIHOM 6010 8 ceHTR6pR 1914 r., BnepBhle npHMeHMB
B03,aymHhIH TapaH B paHoHe r. )l(OJIKBa. noXoponeH B KHeBe.
nOcMepTHo narpIDK,aeH opJ.{eHoM CBRTOfO feoprHR 4-M CTeneHH
HYH)I(ECCEP lllapJIh (1892-1927) - <ppaHl{Y3cKHH BoeHHhIll
JIeT1fHK, tIJIen 3CKa,apHJIhH AHCTOB», C6HBIIIHM 4S CaMOJIeTOB. B
1927 r. pelIIHJI nepeCe1fh ATJIaHTHKY Ha O,aHOMOTOpHOM CaMOJICTe <pHP-
MhI JIeBaccep» (coBMecTHo C C1>. KOJIH). fOTOBRCh K nOJIeTY, y6pan C
MaIIIHHhI Bce He06xo,aMMoe, BKJIlOtIaR pa,aHocTaHl{HIO, tIT06hI yneJIH-
'iHTh 3anac roplO'iero; lllaCCH c6paChIBaJIOCh IIPH B3JIeTe OKOlI1faTeJIh-
no, nOCKOJIhKY C1fHTaJIOCh, 1fTO CaMOJIeT CR,aeT Ha BOltY. MalllHHY Ha-
H,jteHHOU YKa3ameJlb
661
3BMH DeJlOH nTHl.{eH H Ha ee 60PTY HYHJKeccep HapMCOnaJI CBOH
CqaCTJIMBbIH 3HaK BpeMeH BOHHbI - 1JepBOHbU1 TY3 BHYTPH KOTOpO-
ro - rp06 C J(BYM$I CBeqaMH, 1Jeperr H KOCTH. Ho, BbIJIeTeB H3 JI.H Eyp-
JKe 8 MCUl1927 r. B 5 1JaCOB 18 MHHYT YTpa, CaMOJIeT MC1Je3. fIocJIe.lJ.lIee
C006I1{eHHe 0 HeM 6bIJlO H3 DOCTOHa: 6 MaH B 16 1JaCOB 40 MHHyr "De-
JlCUI nTHl.{a" npOCJleJ(OBaJIa B HanpaBJIeHHH HblO- tiopKa . B 1961 r.
6bIJla CJlY'IaHHO HaKJ(eHa B Mope J(eTa.nb « DeJlOK nTHJ..thI - rrpeJ(JIO-
JIOJKMTeJIbHO, npH nocaJ(Ke MOTOp Cpa3Y JKe 3apbIJICH B BOJlHY, H caMO-
JIeT nepeBepHY JICR, He J(aB B03MO)KHOCTH JIeT1JHKaM crraCTHCb.
OPJIOB HBaR AneKcaHJ(pOBH1J (1895-1917) - PYCCKHH JleTtIHK,
cTy,n;eHT IIeTep6yprcKoro YHHBepcMTeTa, 3aKOH1JHJI aBHaIIIKOJlY Bce-
pOCcHHcKoro a3poKJIy6a M B 1914 r. nOJlY1JHJIJ(HnJIOM NQ 229. C Ha1Ja-
Jla BOHHbI ymeJI J(06POBOJIbl.{eM - PH,l{OBhIM B 1-H apMeHcKHH aBHaOT-
PRJ(, BblnOJlHRJI 3a.u;aHHH no 60M60MeTaHHIO M pa3Be,l{Ke. B 1915 r. no-
JIY1JHJl3BaHHe npanOpIltHKa, 3aTeM nOJ(nop)"iHKa, a B HIOJIe - BOCHIIoro
JleT1JMKa. IIepemeJl BO 2-H apMeHcKHH aBHaOTpH,l{ H 06HapY)KHJI pe,n;-
KMH Ta.naHT JleT1JHKa-MCTpe6HTeJlH. B 1916 r. Ha3Ua1JeH KOMaH,l{HpOM
7-ro aBHaOTpRJ(a MCTpe6HTeJIeH - OJ(HOMeCTHhlX HblOnopoB C ny-
JIeMeTaMH Ha l.{eHTponJlaHe, CTpeJIHIOII{HMH nOBepx BHHTa. Pa3pa60-
TaJI HOBbIe npHeMbI B03J(ymHoro 60H. B CJIYJKe6HOH aTTeCTal.{HM xa-
paKTepM30BaJlCH TaK: BbIJ(alOIl\HllCH 60eBOH JleT1JHK, CMeJlbIH M Ha-
XOJ(tIHBbIH. EoeBaR pa60Ta nOCTaBJIeHa 6JIeCTHw;e. BnYTpeHHMM
nopRJ(OK B OTpRJ(e Xopow . B 21 rOJ( OH IIMeJI narpa,lJ,bI, ,n;ocTynHhIc
o<pHJ..tepy M COMaTCKoro reoprnH Tpex CTcneHeH. B ,l{eKa6pe 1916 r.
J(JIH 03HaKOMJIeHHR C nocTaHoBKoH anHaJ(eJla Y COlO3HlIKon Bblexa.n n
AHrJIHIO, 3aTeM BO C1>paHI.{HIO, npomeJl YCKopeHHYIO nOJ rOTOBKY B
IllKoJle B03J(yrnHoro 60H H B IllKOJIe B03J(YlllHOH CTpeJlh6bI. BMecTe C
KpYTeHeM 6hIJI HanpaBJIeH B 3-10 3CKa,l{pHJlblO 12-H rpynnbI B03,lJ,Ylll-
Horo 60R ( AHCTbI. ), BoeBa.n Ha HbIOnopax H «CIIA,l1ax BMeCTe C
<ppaHI.{Y3cKMMH JIeT'IHKaMM. C6MJI J(Ba HeMel.{KMX CaMOJleTa, Y,lJ,OCTO-
eH BoeHHoro KpeCTa. YBuJ(eB ero on03HaBaTeJIbHbIH 3H3K - rOJlony
opJIa - BpaJKeCKHe JleTtIHKH H36era.nH 60H. HanMCaJI pa60TY «fIpu-
eMhI B03J(YlllHoro 60H , B KOTOpoil peKOMCH,l{OBaJI: nnKHpOBaTh co CTO-
POUbI COJIHl.{a nepneH,l{HKY JIHpHO nOJleTY HenpHHTCJlbCKOrO a3pOnJla-
Ha, HbIPH)'Tb nOJ( Hero, HatIaTh IIeTJIIO M KOHtIHTh ee nepenopOTOM na
KpbIJIO C BblpaBHHBaHHeM I10,n; lIenpH.KTeJlhCKHM a3pOnJlaHOM H B He-
nocpeJ(CTBCHHOH 6JIH30CTH OT Hcro. II pC,l{JIaraJI OH TaK)Ke M J(pyroi't
cnoc06 - 3aXO,l{MTb HenpUHTeJlIO C XBOCTa H, Bce BpeMH ,l{eJIa.H 3Hf3a-
ru, BhI6paTb HaH60Jlee Y,l{06HYIO J(JIH CTpeJIb6bI n03HJ..tHIO. C anpcJlJI
1917 r. KOMaHJ(Hp 7 - ro OTpRJ{a HCTpe6HTeJIeM, C6HJI 10 CaMOJIeTOB npo-
TMBHHKa. IIorM6 30 lllOHH 1917 r. B HepaBHOM B03,l{YIIIHOM 6010.
662
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80UHbl
TIAHKPATbEB AJIeKCeH BaCHJIbeBHq (1888-1923) - PYCCKHH
BoeHHbIH JIeT1.J:HK, nopyqHK, OKOH"IHJI BpeMeHHbIH aBHaOT eJI neTep.
6yprcKoH o<pHl{epCKOH B03.nyxOnJIaBaTeJIbHOH mKOJIbl B 1911 r. Oc-
TaBJIeH IIPH HeH JIeTtJHKOM-HHCTpyKTOPOM (ytJHTeJIh HecTepoBa). B
Ha"laJIe BOHHbI Ha3Ha'ieH KOMaH.ltHpOM .I1JIbH MYPOMl{a., COBepWaJI
60eBhle BblJIeTbl .ltHeM II HOqbIO, B O.ltHHOtJKY H rpynnoH, HaHOCHJI MeT-
KHe 60M60Bble y.ltapbl no HeMl{aM, BeJI .ltaJIbHJOJO pa3Be.ltKY, HarpIDK-
.lteH reoprneBcKHM KpeCTOM, C 1917 r. - KOMaH.ltHp 3cKan;pbl MypOM-
l{eB . nOCJIe peBOJIJOl{HH 06Y"laJI KpaCBOeHJIeTOB - KOMaH.ltHpOB KO-
pa6JIeH, BOeBaJI C 6eJIOrBap,lteHI.taMH, pa3pa6aTblBaJI BonpOCbI
onepaTHBHo-TaKTHqeCKOH nO.ltrOTOBKH aBHal{HH, 6hlJI HHHl{HaTOpOM
C03.ltaHH.H nepBbIX B03.ltymHbIX JIHHHH B CCCP. nom6 npH aBHaKaTa-
cTpo e.
nonOB HHKOJIaH EBrpa oBH"I (1887-1929) - PYCCKMH BoeH-
HbIH aBHaTOp, no IIpO eCCHH )KypUaJIHCT. C 1909 r. pa60TaJI B HpMe
«ApMeJIb. no 3KCnJIyaTal{HH H npo.lta)Ke CaMOJIeTOB PaHT , JIeTaTh
HayqHJIC.H caMOCTO»TeJIbHO. B 1910 r. nOJI)"iHJI .ltHnnOM JIeT'IHKa.N!! 50
B a3poKJIy6e Cl>paHI1HH. I1MeJI npH3hI 3a HaH60JIhwyIO BhICOTY no.lt'be-
Ma (454 MeTpa) H 3a HaH60JIblIIYJO np0.l10JI)KHTeJIhHOCTh noneTa 6e3
OCTaHOBKH (2 "Iaca 4 MHH.) nOCJIe T»)KeJIeHWeH aBapHH B HIOHe 1910 r.
npo.ltOJI>KaJI 3aHHMaTbC.H )KypHaJIHCTHKOH, .ltOKa3bIBaJI He06xo.ltHMoCTh
C03.ltaHH» MOIl{HOrO B03ltYWHoro <pJIoTa. C .lteKa6p.H 1916 r. .lto KOHl{a
BOHHhI CJIY)KHJI pYJIeBhIM Ha .ltHpH:>Ka6JIe <ppaHl{Y3cKHX BBC. nOKOH-
\lHJI C C060H B KaHHax.
I10TTE B. C1>. (1866-19??) - nOJIKOBHHK PYCCKOH apMHII, HH-
>KeHep-H306peTaTeJIb. PO.ltHJIC» B CaMape B ceMbe BoeHHoro Tonorpa-
a. OKOH"IHJI KClJteTcKHH Kopnyc, BoeHHoe neXOTHoe )"iHJIHIUe. 11306-
pen nepBbIH B MMpe <l>aroannapaT, npH nOMOIl(H KOToporo MO>KHO 6blJIO
6e3 nepe3apjl.ltKH nOJIY"laTh 50 CHHMKOB. Pa3Mep CHHMKa, C.lteJIaHHOrO
3THM annapaTOM, nOJIyqa.nCH 13x18 CM. Macca annapaTa 6hIJIa 9 Kr.
Cl>oKycHoe paCCTO.HHHe - 21 CM. AnnapaT none 6hIJI oc06eHHo no-
ny JI»peH y PYCCKHX JIeT"IHKOB.
nYJIbfIE 3.ltyap.n BHJIhreJIhM AJIeKcaH,ap MapTHHoBMq (1880-
1916) - PYCcKo- paHI1Y3cKHH BoeHHblH JIeTqHK, np03BaHHhlH JIeT-
qHK C BYJIKaHOM B cep.ltl\e.; C6HJI n»Tb HeMel{KHX CaMOJIeTOB, nOCJIe,a-
HIIH B COCTaBe pYCCKoro 8-ro aBHaOTpjl.lta. PO.ltHJIc» B r. PHre. B 1907 r.
3aKO}Jt:lHJI TIeTep6yprcKHH YHHBepCHTeT C .ltHfiJIOMOM nepBol1 CTene-
I1H; C 1906 no 1907 rr. pa60TaJI B MeXaHH"IeCKOM Ka6l1HeTe BMeCTe C
C. qanJlhImHbIM fiO,a PYKOBOl(CTBOM H.E. )l(YKOBCKoro Hat{ HCCJIe.ltO-
BaHl1eM CHnhI THrH B03,aYWHhIX BHHTOB. EhlJI peKOMeH,ltOBaH.ltIDI pa-
60ThI HaJJ; MamCTepCKOH .ltlfCCepTaI.1HeH B reH.l1eJIh6eprCKHH YHHBep-
HMeU1l0U YKa3ameJlb
663
CHTeT. IIocJIe 3aIUHTbI MarnCTepCKOH .n;HCCepTal.(MM lIperrO.n:anaJI B Pl1re,
3aTeM 3MHrpHpOBaJI BO WpaHUHIO. C HaqanOM BoeHHbIX .n;eHCTBHH
a.zt'bIOTaHT 23-H HCTpe6HTeJIbHOH 3CKMpHJIbM <ppaHUY3CKOH apMI1H.
B 1916 r. HalIpaBJIeH C 3CKa.n;pHJIbeH B POCCHIO.
PAEBCKl1l1 A.neKca p EBreHbeBMt{ (1887-1937)- PYCCKHM
BoeHHhIH JIe'NHK. Hat{aJI pa60TaTb MOTOpHCTOM BO BcepoccHHCKOM
A3p, 0K.1IY6e B 1911 r. lIOJIyqWI .n;HlIJIOM lIMJIOTa -aBHaTopa NQ 539 BO
<I>paHUMH B illKOJIe EJIepMo. C03.n;a.n CBOIO CHCTeMY HHCTpYKT(l)Ka no
06yqeHHIO lIMJIOTOB, lIpOBO,nHJI MClIbITaHHR H lIOKa3aTeJIbHbIe rrOJICTbI;
HanHCa.n MHO)KeCTBO pa60T lIO <poTorpacpMH B B03.n;YillnOM .n;eJIe. Bxo-
.n;WI B lIepBYIO IDITepKy lIeTJrnCTOB (BacWIheB, fa6ep- BOJIbIHCKHH,
EcpMMOB, IIIlIMu6epr). Ero <poTorpa<pMM .n;o CMX nop HMelOT MCTOPM-
qeCKYIO ueHHOCTb. C HJOHR1915 r. CJIY)KHJI OXOTHMKOM B 32-M aBHaOT-
p$l.n;e IOro-3anaztHoro cppoHTa, HarpIDKJ{eH feoprneBcKHM KpeCTOM. C
1917 r., lIOCJIe ro.n;a HHCTpYKTOPCKOM pa60TbI, CHOBa Ha <PPOHTe, KOMan-
.n;OBaJI 1 O-M OTpMOM Hcrpe6HTeJIeH. nOCJIe peBOJIIOUMH 3aBe.n;OBaJI a3pO-
CTaHJ..tMeH fJIaBHOrO ASpoJtPoMa (HaYt{uoe yqpe)K,l{eHHc), rOTOBHJI JIeT-
t{HKOB, pa60TaJI B )KypHane CaMOJIeT , B 6JOpo A. TYlIOJIeBa.
PHKEHEEKEP 3Jtyap.n; BepnoH (1890-1973) - aMepUKanCKl1ii
BoeHHbIM JIeTqHK, KalIHTaH. PO.n;HJICR B KOJIYM6yce, illTaT OraMo, 8
OKTR6pR. CbIH HMMHrpaHTOB M3 IIIBeHuapHH, OH 6bIJI TpeTbHM H3
BOChMepbIX .n;eTeH. Po.n;HTeJIH HapeKJIM ero 3.n;Bap.n;oM PHKeH6sxepoM
(Rickenbacher), HO noo)J(e OH B3RJI BTopoe HMR BepHoH, lIOTOMY qTO
3TO 3Byqa.n0 KJIaCCHO. M M3MeHHJI HanllcaHHe cpaMMJIHM Ha PHKeH-
6eKep, TaK, qT06bI OHa 3BYt{aJIa MeHee HeMeu.KOH . OH OXOTHO OT3bI-
BaJICR Ha MMR .PHK., HO B nOCJIeJtYJOlIteM 6bIJI HaM60JIee 113BeCTeH KaK
KarrHTaH 3MM .
B 12 JIeT, lIOCJIe rH6cJIH OTl.{a, 6pOCHJl illKOJIY H CTaJI KOpMlfJIbJ..teM
ceMhH. CTpacTbJO MOJIo.n;oro PHKen6eKepa CTaJIM .n;BHraTeJIH. B 1906
ro.n;y 3MH HaIDIJICR K JIH <I>p3Hepy - aBTorOHll.(MKY II rJIaBe aBTOMO-
6HJIbHOli KOMIIaHMM «<I>p3Mep- MHJIJIep - M BCKope 3.lUHl y.n;aJIOCb
npH06pecTH penYTaJ..tHIO 6eccTpaillHoro Bo,nHTeJIR M BbIHrpaTb He-
CKOJIbKO rOHOK, rrpaB.n;a, He 6e3 MHO)l(eCTBa aBapnlI M lJpe3BblqaiiHbiX
npOMcmeCTBMH. nOCJIe Ka:>K.n;oro KpYIlJeHMR 011 rrOCbIJIaJI TeJIerpaMMY
MaTepH C npocb60M He BOJIHOBaTbCR.
B 1914 r. PHKeH6eKep YCTaHOBHJI MMpOBOH pCKOp.n; CKOpOCTH,
paaBMB B ,l{aHToue 134 MMJIH B qac.. B HOR6pe 1916 f., BO BpeMR rro.n;-
rOTOBKH K rOIIKaM Ha Ky60K BaH.n;ep6HJITa B KaJIl1cpopHMH, OH Brrep-
BbIC lIOJtHRJICR B B03.n;yX Ha CaMOJIeTe, rrHJIOTHpye [OM fJIeHHOM Map-
THHOM, KOTO pbIH TOJIbKO Hat{HHan Kapbepy lIMJIOTa II lIp0I13Bo.n;HTeJIH
· 215,6 KM/LJac.
664
A8ua UR BeJlUKOU 80Ullbl
CaMOJIeTOB. BC10 )KM3Hb PMKeH6eKep CTpa,naJI 60.H3Hb1O BbICOTbI, HO BO
BpeMJI rrOJIeTa CTpaxa He McrrbITbIBaJI.
Kor,na AMepMKa B 1917 ro.n;y BCTyrrMJIa B BOHHY, PMKeH6eKep 3a-
I1J1caJICJI ,n06POBOJIbu;eM, HeCMOTp.H Ha TOT cpaKT \.ITO, COrJIaCHO OT\.Ie-
TaM, B TO BpeMJI OH 3apa6aTbIBaJI 40 TbIC. ,nOJIJIapOB B ro,n. OH XOTeJI
HayqMTbcJI JIeTaTb, HO B CBOM 27 JIeT 3MJI 6bIJI y)Ke CTapOBaT ,nJIJI 06y-
1JeHHJI M He MMeJI BbICllIero 06pa30BaHJlJI. TeM He MeHee, 6JIaro,napJl
CJIaBe aBTorOHIl{JlKa, OH 6bIJI rrpJlBe.n:eH K rrpMC.Hre B \.IMHe Cep)KaHTa,
OTIIJIbIJI B EBporry B ,nOJI)KHOCTJI IIIocpepa M ,n06MJICJI Ha3HatIeHMJI BO-
.n:MTeJIeM Ha 6bICTpOXO,nHbIH IlaKKap,n nOJIKOBHHKa BHJIbJlMa «DMJI-
JIH MMTtIeJIJIa. 3.n:.n:JI ,nOHMMaJI MHT\.IeJIJIa ,nO Tex rrop, rrOKa He ,no-
6MJICJI rrepeno,na B JIeTHYIO IIIKOJIY, 3aHBJlB, tITO eMY 25 JIeT - MaKCH-
MaJIbHO .n;orrycTHMl>IH B03paCT ,nJIJI 3a\.lMCJIeHJlJI B aBMaTOpbI.
Bcero rrOCJIe 17 ,n:HeH 06Y1JeHMJI PMK CTaJI BbIrrYCKHJlKOM mKOJIbI
11, nOJIY1JHB 3BaHMe JIeMTeHaHTa, 6bIJI 3a\.lJlCJIeH B 94-10 aBMaUMOHHYIO
3CKa.n;pMJIblO rro,n: KOMaH.n:OBaHMeM MaMopa ,l1)KOHa Xa<l><I>epa, pacrro-
JIO)KHBmY1OCJI Ha aapo.n:pOMe )l(aHry JIb 6JIM3 Ty JIJI, BO cDpaHUJlH.
H3JII06JIeHIIOM TaKTMKOM PMKeH6eKepa 6bIJIO OCTOpO)KHOe c6JIJI-
)KeHMe C BbI6paHHOH )KepTBOH - 6JIM)Ke, \.IeM KTO- JIH60 HHOl1 Mor ce6e
rr03BOJIHTb, - 3aTeM - orOHb Ha rropIDKeHHe.
10 HIOJUI nO\.lYBcTBOBaJI pe3KHe 60JIH B rrpaBOM yxe. B IlapM)Ke
eMY nOCTaBMJIH J(JlarH03 - oCTpbri{ a6cu;ccc, KOTOpbIi'I rroTpe60BaJI
OnepaTJlBHOrO BMeIUaTeJIbCTBa JI nocJIe,nYIOIl{ero JIe\.leHHJI.
PHKell6eKep rrOJIyqHJI 3BaHHe MaHopa y)Ke nocIIe Toro, KaK OCTa-
BUJI BblrrOJIHeHHe CJIY)f(e6HbIX 06J13aHHOCTeH. Ho on CKa3aJI: .H \.IYB-
CTBYIO, tITO MHe 60JIee COOTBeTcTByeT 1JMH KarrMTaHa . HMelIHO 3TO 3Ba-
UHe 3ll1(11 C rop.n:OCTbIO HOCHJI ,n:o KOHua )f(H3HM.
3.lll(H BepMJI B 6y.n:ymee aBMal.{HJI H BbIcTyrraJI C pe1JaMH, npopotJa-
ll{HMH paCl.{BeT ee HeOrpaHHtIeHIIOrO rrOTeHltHaJIa. Ero BTOpOH Kapbe-
pOM CTaJIO aBTOM06MJIeCTpoeHMe. C TpeMJI M3BeCTHbIMH npe,n:cTaBHTe-
JIJlMJ1 pYKono,nJlIl{ero COCTaBa KOMrraHI1H EMF - 6apHH 3BepeTfOM,
BHJlbJlMOM Mel.{repOM 11 YOJITepOM cDJI3H,nepcoM B Kat.JeCTBe cnOHCO-
pOB - PHKeH6eKep CTaJI BHue-rrpe3H,lleHToM M .llJlpeKTOpOM no npo,na-
»<aM KOMrraHMH «PI1KeH6eKep MOTOp ( Rickenbacker Motor
Company ). B 1922 ro,ny H3 C60pot.JHoro l.{exa B ,l1eTpOMTe BbIeXaJIH
rrepBhIe aBTOM06H.7IM, cHa6)KCHHbIe rrOJIHOrrpMBo,nHOH TOpM03HOH CHC-
TeMOH H pa3pa60TaHHhIe rro JlCXO.n:HOMY ,nH3aHHY 3,nBap,na. O.n:HaKo 3KO-
HOMH 1 1eKHM crra,n 1925 ro,na M )f(eCTK£UI KOHKypeHl.{HJI CTaJIM rrpMt.JHHoi'I
CJIO)KHOrO rrOJIO)KeHU.H KOMrraHHM. PHKeH6eKep OCTaBHJI CBOM rrOCT.
HonYIo rrpH3HaTeJIbHOCTb OH 3aCJIY)KMJI, rrOMOraJl CKJIOHlITb OT-
UOB 25-TM KpyrrHbIx ropOllOB K rrOCTpoMKe a3porropTOB, BKJIIO\.IaJl M CTO-
H.MeHHOU YKa3ameJlb
665
JUf1iHbIit B 1926 ro,lty Oll BrrepBbIe rrpMHMMaeTC.R 3a KOMMep'lfecKYJO
aBMalUUO, OCHOBaB BMeCTe C HeCKOJlbKMMI1 KOMrraHbOHaMI1 rrpe,ltnpM-
HTl1e <1>JIOpM,n;a 3HpB3H3 .
B arrpeJIe 1938 rO,lJ,a PMKeH6eKep C HCCKOJIbKIfMM KOMnaHbonaMII
BbIKyrrMJI aBl1aJIMHMJO 3a 3,5 MMJIJI110Ha ,n;OJIJIapOB, CTaB ee rrpC3M,lJ,eH-
TOM 11 reHepaJIbHbIM ,ltHpeKTopOM.
26 <peBpaJlH 1941 ro,n;a y,n;a'ia e,n;Ba He nOKHHY JIa PMKCH6eKcpa. 01 (
Haxo,n;HJICJI Ha 60PTY DC-3, 060pY OBaHHoro crraJIbHbIMH MeCTaMU,
KOr,lJ,a CaMOJleT CTOJIKHYJICH C ,ltepeBb MI1 Ha no,n;xoJ{e K ATJIaHTe. 11
naCCa)KHpOB M 2 nl1JIOTa rrorM6J111. I-IecKoJIbKO J{HeH PIIK, 1I0JIY\.lI1U-
1lII1M TH)f(eJIble TpaBMbI, 6bIJI Me)KJ{Y )K113Hbl0 H CMepTbJO; nporneJI no-
"ITH ro,n;, npe)f(,n;e "IeM OH CMor BepHYTbCM K pa60Te. HeKoTopbIe yrncp-
)f(,l{aJIH, 'iTO PHKeH6eKep BbI3,n;opOBeJl JIHIllb 6J1arO,ltapH ynpHMOMY J{O
B3,n;OpHOCTI-I xapaKTepy. BrrOCJle,ltCTBI1M ero ,n;HH)f(eHHH eraJII1 neCKOJIb-
KO HeYKJIJO)KH, a npl1 xO,lJ,b6e 3,n;JU1 neMIIoro npHxpaMblBaJI.
OceHbJO 1942 ro,n;a OH e,n;Ba He rrorl16, nOTepneB KpyrneHl-le Halt
TI1XMM OKeanOM 11 22 ltHH npOBe,n;H Ha rrJIOTY 6e3 BC KMX 3arraCOD.
C 60JIbWMM lIe)f(eJIaHl-leM Pl1Keu6eKep BblWeJI lIa nCHCl110 B noc-
JIe,n;IUJH ){ellb 1963 ro,n;a B B03paCTe 73 JleT. B OKT.H6pe 1972 rolta y
Hero 6bIJI I1HCYJIbT, HO ero 3HaMeHHTaH Y,lJ,aqa eme pa3 no,n;,n;ep)l(aJla
3MH, H OH BbI3,n;opOBeJI HaCTOJIbKO, 'iTO CMor nOCeTI1Tb lllBeilltapHJO,
fJ{e M YMep OT IIHCBMOHMI1 23 HJOJI 1973 rO,lta.
B HeKpOJIOre, ony6JII1KOBaHHoM n HaUHOHaJIbHOM )f(ypHaJIe, BI-Ulb-
oHM <1>. PI1KeH6eKep - O,n;I1H H3 ltBYX CbIHonei'I Kanl1TaHa 3.zu{M, Hanl1CaJI:
Ero CHJIbHbIMI1 cTOpOnaMI16hIJIH Bepa B Bora, HCrrOKOJIe6uMhIII naTpH-
OTII3M, TO KaK on npl1HMMaJI onaCHOCTII 11 y,n;apbI cy,n;b6bI II ero Bcpa H
ynoplIbrH Tpylt. HIJt.lbe npe3peHue ne CpaBHI1TCH C TeM, KaK Oll npC3Upc:UI
mo,n;eiI, KOTopble OrpaHll"ll1UaJOTCJI nOJlYMepaMI1, npU3HaJOT nOJIyupau-
,n;y, MaJIO,n;YIUHHlJaJOT, JII160 npM3HaJOT B03MOJKnOCTb npOBc:Ula UJIH nopa-
iKeIIWI. ECJIH y Hero 1-1 6bIJI lteUH3, TO 3TO ,n;OJDKHa 6bIJIa 6bITb <ppa3a, KO-
TOPYIO CJIhlIlIaJI TbICH"IY pa3: 516YltY JtpaTbC5I, KaK ,n;HKaH }(OllIKa!
PI1XTrO<DEH MaH<ppelt <POll (1892-1918) - KanHTall, repMaH-
CKI1H noeHHhI i JIeTlJHK, C 1917 r. KOMaH,n;l1p 3CKa,n;pI1JIbl1, Ha3BaHHoii
ero MMelleM.
J10 3TOM BOMHbI lJJIeHbI MoeH ceMbM <pOH PHXTor<peH He urpaJIl1
HHKaKOM OC060H pOJII1 B BoeHHbIX ,lJ,el'IcTBHHx. OHI1 BCef,lJ,a )KMJII1 3a
ropo,n;oM - y pe,n;Koro 113 PI1XTor<peHOB He 6bIJIO CBoefO nOMeCTbH - U
TOJlbKO COBceM HeMHorne HaXOjlHJIHCb Ha rOCYltapCTBeHHoii cJIy)i(6e.
MOM ,n;e,n; 11 Bce ero npe,n;KII BJIa,n;eJIM nOMeCThHMH rrOlt BpecJIay I1111TPH-
ray. 11 TOJIbKO BO BpeMeHa Moero OTua O,n;HH 113 PI1XTrO<penon - ero
KY3eH - CTaJI reHepaJIOM.
666
A8ua Wl BeJlUKOU 80UHbl
MOR MaTb IIpHHa.n;JIe)l(HT K po,ny <PoH llIHKQ>YCCOB M HO OP<tx>B,
HO M OHM 6.1ll13KH no CBoeM}' CKJIazt}' K Pmcrro<t>eHaM - COMaT 6bmo MaJIO
M B 3TOM ceMbe; 60JIblIlHHCTBO 6bmo arpapIDIMH. EpaT Moero npa.n;e,na
IlIHKQ>Ycca nom6 B 1806-M, a BO BpeMJI peBOJOOmm 1848-ro cropeJI O,nMH
M3 KpaCMBeituIlfX 3aMKOB HameR ceMbM. CaMoe 60JIblIIee, qero ,nOCTHrJIM
B BoeHHOM OTHOlIIeHMM llIMKQ>YCCbI - 3TO 3BaHMe KaIIMTaHa 3anaca.
B po,ny llIMKQ>YCCOB M C1>aJIbKeHxaY3eHOB - MOH 6a6YWKa B ,ne-
BMqeCTBe 6bIJIa cDaJIbKeHxaY3 - MMeJIOCb JIMWb ,nBa OCHOBHbIX YBJIe-
qeHMH: BepxoBCUI e3,na M cnopTMBHCUI cTpeJIb6a. EpaT MoeR MaTepM,
AneKcaHt{p IlIMK<PYCC lIIMpOKO npOCJIaBMJICj{ CBOHMM pe3YJIbTaTaMH
B CTpeJIb6e no BceM A<PPHKe, Il.CHJIOHY, HopBernM M BeHrpMH.
OTeu MOM npaKTMqeCKM nepBbIM M3 06eMx ceMeM M36paJI nonpM-
w;e npOQ>eCCHOHaJIbHOrO BoeHHoro. B caMOM paHHeM B03pacTe OH no-
cTynHJI B Ka,neTcKMH Kopnyc, a nOTOM CJIY)f(MJI B 12-M YJIaHCKOM nOJI-
K OH 6bIJI, Ha y,nMBJIeHMe, ,n06pOCOBeCTHbIM cOJI,l{aTOM, HO nOTOM Y
Hero HaqaJIMCb np06JIeMbI CO CJIYXOM, M OH BbIHY)l(,neH 6bIJI YMTM B OT-
CTaBKY. CJIYX Y Hero MCnOpTMJICj{ M3-3a Toro, qTO .cnaCaR o,nHoro M3
CBonx no,nqMHeHHbIX, KOTOpbIH TOHYJI, OTeu BbIMOK COBeplIIeHHO, HO
He XOTeJI YHTM C nOCTa, HeCMOTpH Ha MOp03 M MOKPYIO o,ne)K,ny...
B caMOM HaqaJIe BOHHbI j{ Y)Ke nOTepj{JI weCTepbIX KY3eHOB, H Bce
OHM CJIY)f(MJIH D KaBaJIepHM.
MeHH caMoro Ha3BaJIM MaH<ppe,nOM B qeCTb Moero J(.H,nH, CJIY:>KMB-
wero B MHpHoe BpeMj{ a,z('bIOTaHTOM Ero BeJIMqeCTBa M KOMaH,nMpoM
rBapJJ:eHCKoro Kopnyca. Bo BpeMj{ BOHHbI OH CTaJI KOMaH,nYIOW;MM Ka-
BaJIepllHCKHM KopnycoM.
Kor,na R PO,nHJICj{, 2 MaH 1892 r., oTen; MOM CJIY)KMJI B 1-M KHpa-
CHpCKOM nOJIKY B EpecJIay. nOTOM MbI nepeeXaJIH )KMTb B K.n:eMH6ypr,
M nepBble ,neBj{Tb JIeT H nOJIyqaJI ,noMalIIHee BocnMTaHMe. nOTOM Ha
ro,n MeHj{ oTnpaBMJIH B lIIKOJIY B llIBaM,nHMue, a Y)K nOCJIe onpe,neJIM-
JIM Ka.n;eTOM B BaJIbWTarr. B llIBaH,nHHue Bce OTHOCMJIMCb KO MHe, KaK
K PO,nHOMY, M, CTaB Ka,n;eTOM, H BCTynHJI B 1-H YJIaHCKMH nOJlK.
MOM 6paT, JIoTap*, TO)Ke O,nMH H3 JIeTaIOW;MX PHxTroQ>eHoB, y,no-
cToeHHbIM Ordre pour Ie Merite. MJIa,zJ;wHH)Ke MOH 6paT Bce ew;e Ha-
XO,nMTCH B Ka,lJ,eTCKOM Kopnyce M C HeTepneHMeM )KJteT, KOf,na CMO)KeT
npMcTynHTb K HacToj{w;eM BoeHHOH cJIY>K6e*. . CecTpa MOj{, KaK M Bce
)KeHILtMHbI H aweH ceMbH, YXIDKMBaeT 3a paHeHbIMIi.
· JIoTap Q>oll PHxTroq)CII (1894-1922) - BOCBaJ( BMCCTC co CTaplllHM 6pa-
TOM. C6HJI 40 CaMOJlCTO(J.
.. BOJlbcppaM cJ>OIl PHxTroq>clI TaK H IIC YCIlCJlllpHIISITh YLfacTHc B 3TOW DOH-
lie. Ho 011 IlpoHBHJI lihlJlalolUYIOCH 3I1CprHK) BIIOCJICJ1CTBHH H B fOJlbl BTOpO 1
MHpOBOH BOHllhl 003rJ(aBJUIJI BBC rHTJlCpOBCKOH rCpMalnlH.
HMell1l0U Y'Ka3amellb
667
MaJIeHbKHM MaJIb1JHKOM OltHHHalUtaTH JIeT nOnaJI .H B KalteTCKJU1
KopnyC. KOHe1JHO, 3TO 6bIJIO HeMHOfO paHO, HO TaK pemHJI MOM OTeu.
Moero :>KeJIaHIDI HHKTO He cnpaillHBan.
,l(JIj{ MeIDl OKa3anOCb 01JeHb Tjf)l(eJIbIM nepeHOCHTb BCJO CTpOrylO
,ltHCl(HnJIHHY Y1JJfJIHIIJ;a H B T01JHOCTH HCnOJlHHTb npHKa3bl. TIOJIyqae-
MblM HaCTaBJIeHHHM H TO:>Ke He 04CHb-TO BHHMaJI. Y1JHTbC MIIC He
HpaBHJIOCb, H j{ ,l1eJIaJI TOJIbKO MHHHMYM, 1JT06bl KaK-HH6y,nb OTlteJlaTb-
CH. Ha MOB B3rJUl,l1, HenpaBHJIbHO 6blJIO lteJIaTb 6oJIbIlIe, 'IeM npocTo
,nocTaT01JHO, H nOToMY H TPYltHJICj{ KaK MO)l(HO MeHbllle. TIoCJIe,l1CTBH-
eM 3Toro CTaJIO TO, 'iTO MHeHHe Y1JHTeJIeH 060 MHe 6blJIO O'IeHb neBbl-
COKMM. Ho C .npyroH CTOpOHbI MHe 01JeHb HpaBHJICH cnopT; oc06eHHo jI
JIJ06HJI rHMHaCTHKY, <pyr60JI, H rrpotJHe no,nBH)I(Hble Hrpbl..H rrpeKpac-
1-10 BblnOJIHHJI Bce ynpIDKHeHHH Ha 6pYCbHX H rroJlY1JaJI 3a 3TO HCMaJlO
pa3Ho06pa3Hblx rrpH30B OT KOMaH,ltOBaHHH.
A oco6eHHo HMeJI H CKJlOHHOCTb KO BCj{Koro po,na orraCHblM llIaJlO-
CTHM. HanpHMep, B O,nHH rrpeKpacHblH JleHb MbI C npH»TeJIeM C1>paH-
Ken6eproM B306paJIHCb na 31-1aMeHHTYJO BaJlbIIITaTTcKYJO KOJIOKOJIb-
HJO H rrpHBH3aJIH K KOHl(Y lllllHIDI MOM HOCOBOM lIJIaTOK. }] .l(0 CHX nop
npeKpacHo rroMHJO, KaK TpyltHO 6bIJIO oTp:Hu.aTb CBOJO nplf'IaCTHOcTb K
3TOMY. lJ:ecHTb JIeT crrycTR, rrpHexaB K MOCMY MJIaltllIeMY 6paTY B TOT
)l(e BaJIbillTaTT, H YBH)];eJI, 4TO 3JIOrrOJIY'IHbIH J1JIaTOK TaK H pa3BeBaeT-
CH BblCOKO B He6e.
A <I>paHKeu6epf, lIaCKOJIbKO H 3HaJO, CTaJI nepBoii )KCpTBOH rroii
BOMHbI.
fopa3,n0 60JIbllIe MHe HpaBHJICj{ HHCTMTYT B JIHxTep<peJIb,ne. TaM
R He 1JYBCTBOBaJI ce6H HaCTOJIbKO H30JIHpOBaHHbIM OT MHpa H nOHeM-
HOry Ha1JaJI )l(HTb 60JIee 1JeJIOBe1JeCKOH )l(HaHbJO. MOl-! caMble C1JaCTJIH-
Bble BOCrrOMHHaHHH 0 JIHxTep<peJIb,ne CBHaaUbI co crropTHBHblM conep-
HHtJeCTBOM C rrpHHueM <I>pe.nepHKoM QapJIb30M. QapJIb3 BbIHrpan Y
MeHH MHoro rrpH30B B 6ere II YT60JIe, rrOCKOJIbKY TeJIO Moe eme He
6hIJlO CTOJIb COBeprneHHO HaTpeHHpOBaHO, KaK Y Hero...
PaaYMeeTCH, MHe 01JeHb XOTeJIOCb rronaCTb KaK MO:>KHO CKopee D
apMHJO. Cpaay :>Ke no c,na1Je 3K3aMeHOB (rrOCJIe nacxH 1911 f.) » 6bIJI
aa4HCJleH B 1-H YJIaHCKHH nOJlK HMnepaTopa AJIeKCaH.l1pa III. 51 caM
BbI6pan 3TOT rrOJIK, KBapTHpoBaBillHM B MoefI JIJ06HMOJi CHJle3HH, rl{e
H Y)I(e HMeJI HeKOTopble 3HaKOMCTBa H CBH3H...
MHe 01JeHb npaBHJIOCb CJIY)I(HTb B MoeM nOJIKY: 1JTO MO)KeT 6bITb
JIY1JIIIe ,ltJIH MOJIOl{Oro 4eJlOBeKa, 'IeM KaBC1JIepH»!..
o BpeMeHH MoeH yqC6bI B BoeHlIoH AKa.zteMI1H CKIDKY llilillb BKpaT-
l(e. 8TO BpeMH otJeHb HanOMHHaeT MHe BpeMeHa Kal{eTCKOro Kopnyca,
H BocnOMHHaHH» 3TH He caMble IlpH»THble...
668
A8ua Wl BellUKOU 80U:llbl
OceHbIO 1912 r. R IIOJIYtlHJI 3IIOJIeTbI. 11 Kor.n;a MeHjI CTaJIH Ha3bI-
BaTb JIeMTeHaHToM, t.IYBCTBO 6bIJIO y.n;HBHTeJIbHoe.
MOM 6paT JloTap jlBJIjleTCjI JIeMTeHaHToM 4-ro .n;paryHcKoro IIOJI-
Ka, nepe.n; BOMHOM OH 3aKOHt.IHJI BoeHHYIO AKa,n;eMHIO, IIOJIYtlHJI o<pH-
l1epCKOe 3BaHHe IIPH caMOM HatlaJIe BOMHbI H Hat.IaJI ee KaBaJIepHCTOM,
TaK )l(e, KaK H jI. 0 ero cJIY)K6e B TO BpeMjI jI HHtlerO He 3HalO, IIOCKOJIb-
KY caM OH HHKor.n;a 0 HeM He paCCKa3bIBaJI...
3MMOM 1915-ro OH BHjlJI MOHM COBeTaM H IIepeIIIeJI CJIY)I(HTb B B03-
.n;YIIIHbIe CHJIbI. CHatJaJIa OH CTaJI Ha6JIIO.n;aTeJIeM, a CIIYCT.SI ro.n; M nH-
JIOTOM. Pa60Ta Ha6JIIO.n;aTeJIeM jlBJIjleTCjI OTJIHtJHOM TpeHHpOBKOM H
onbITOM, oc06eHHO .n;JIjI HCTpe6HTeJIjI. B MapTe 1917 -ro OH c.n;aJI Tpe-
TMM 3K3aMeH H BJIHJIC.SI B MOIO 3CKa.n;pHJIblO...
MaH<ppe.n; <poH PHxTro<peH IIorH6 B B03,ltYIIIHOM 6010 21 arrpeJI.SI
1918 r. Ha ero CtJeTY 6hIJIO K 3TOMY MOMeHTY 80 B03,ltYIIIHbIX II06e.n;.
CJlABO POCCO B (CeMeHeHKo) XapHToH HHKaHopoBHtJ (1886-
1941) - PYCCKHM BoeHHhIM JIeTtJHK, nceB.n;OHMM B3j1J1 ew;e B IOHOCTH,
)KeJICUI npOCJIaBHTh pO.n;HHY. Pa60TaJI MexaHHKOM B BapIIIaBCKOM 06-
ll.(eCTBe ABlfaTa», B 1911 r. nOJIYtJHJI .n;HIIJIOM aBMaTopa N2 41 Bce-
pOCcHMcKoro aBHaKJIy6a Ha CaMOJIeTe 3TPHX». OT JIMtJaJlCH MaCTep-
CTBOM, oTBaroH H a3apTOM; IIpOJIeTeJI BnepBbIe IIO.n; MOCTOM tJepe3 BMC-
JIY. COBepIIIaJI ny6JIutJHbIe nOJIeTbI no BceH EBpone, B O}JJIOM MX
KOTOphIX CaMOJIeT 3arOpeJIcjI; naCCCUKMp cropeJI, a CJIaBOpOCcOB nOJI-
ro.n;a npoJIe)l(aJI B rOCIIHTaJIe B TypMHe. B HatJaJIe BOHHbI .n;06pOBOJIbHO
BCTYIIMJI BO <ppaHUY3cKYIO apMHIO, B 1-M aBHaIIOJIK. C.n;aB 3K3aMeH Ha
3BaHMe BoeHHoro JIeTt.IHKa, CTaJI BbInOJ1HjlTb .n;ep3KMe nOJIeTbI B rJIY-
60KHH TbIJI npOTHBHMKa. B KOHue OKTjl6pH 1914 r. JIeTtJHK PaMMaH
6hIJI npH pa3Be.n;Ke paHeH H cnycTHJ1CjI Ha CBoeM fiJIepHO Me y
<PpaHUY3CKHMH H HeMel1KHMH JIHHHHMH. 3TO C B03.n;yxa 3aMeTHJI CJ1a-
BOpOCCOB, IIpM3eMJlHJICjI p.SI.n;OM, BbITaW;HJI TH)I(eJIOpaHeHoro JIeTtJHKa
Ii ,ltocTaBHJI Ha nepeBjl30tJHbIH nYHKT. 3a 3TO OH 6bIJI Harpa)l(.n;eH BbIC-
llIMM <ppanl1Y3CKHM 60eBhIM op.n;eHoM - BoeHHoH Me.n;aJIblO, CHjlTOM
np.SIMO C rpy.n;H KOMaH.n;YIOll.(erO, nOJIytlHBIIIero ee 3a xpa6pOCTh ew;e B
BoeHHYIO KaMnaHHIO 1870-1871 IT. fibIJI paHeH H Harpa)K.n;eH TalOKe
<PpaHU.Y3CKHM BoeHHbIM KpeCTOM. rOBOp.SI 0 Bcex PYCCKMX JIeTtJHKax,
Cpa)l(aBIIIHXCjI B He6e <l>paHUHM, Mafrop A. fipoKap nHCa.n: «Hap.SI.n;y C
,ltHCunnJIHHOM PYCCKHM JIeTtJHK npO.SIBJUleT HHHUMaTHBY H aKTMBHOCTb.
OHM IIpOHBJIHIOTCjI oco6eHHO qaCTO B pa3Be.n;Kax H B03.n;YIIIHbIX 60jlX,
KOTophIe Tpe6YIOT IIo.n;tJac 6e3YMHOH xpa6pOCTH, 60JIblllOH naCTOHtJH-
BOCTM H BbI.n;ep)l(KH. 11 Toro, M .n;Pyroro, H TpeTbero B PYCCKOM JleTtJHKe
tJpe3BhItJaHHO MHoro>.). B 1915 r. BepHYJICH B POCCHIO, olIpo6oBaJI ca-
MOJIeTbI IIepe,lt c.n;atJeM 3aKa3tJHKY, BOCCTanaBJIHBaJI IIIKOJIY rrHJIOTOB.
H.Me1l1lou YKa3ameJlb
669
nOCJIe peBOJIIO HH OKOHtJMJI BBA HM. )l(YKOBCKoro, CTaJI HHiKeHepOM-
MexaHHKOM.
TPEHlJAPl{ XblO MOHTeno (1873-1956) - MapIlIaJI 6pHTaH-
CKHX BBC, BHKOHT, C03,l(aTeJIb RAF. PO,l(HJIC.SI 3 Q:>eBpaJI.SI B TaYHToHe.
B apMHH C 1893 r. YttaCTHHK AHrJIo-6YPCKOH BOHHbI; B 1912 r. no HH-
BaJIH,l(HOCTH 6bIJI YBOJIeH B 3anac. B 1913 r. CTaJI yqHTbC.SI JIeTaTb n
BCKope CTaJI nOMOW;HHKOM KOMaH,l(Hpa eHTpaJIbHOD JIeTHOD IlIKOJIbI.
B .SIHBape 1918 r. CTaJI rJIaBHOKOMaH,l(YIOIUHM 6pMTaHcKMx BBC, B
1927 r. - nepBbIM 6pMTaHcKHM MapIDaJIOM BBC. C03.ltaJI KMcTCKoe
JIeTHOe yqHJIMw;e B KpeHBMJIJIe M JleTHYIO IIlKOJIY B XaJITOHe. B 1931-
1935 rr. npOBeJI pecpopMY BBC, pa3pa6aTbIBaJI nayttUble MeTo.n.bl Be-
,l(eHH.SI B03,l(YIIIHOH BOMHbI.
Y l{ET 3pHecT (1896-1941) - HeMCl(KHH BoeHHbIH JIeTtJI1K. Po-
.l(HJIC.SI B ceMbe MIOHxeHCKoro npe.n.npHHMMaTeJI.SI 26 anpeJI5I BO ct>paHK-
<PYPTe-Ha-MaHHe. HattaJI IlepBYIO MMPOBYIO BOHHY B KatJeCTBe Kypb-
epa -MOTOl(HKJIHCTa, HO 6bIJI nepeBeJ1eH B aBl1a MIO H BnOCJIe.ll.CTBHM
CTan O,l(HMM H3 HaM60JIce Jl3BeCTHblX nHJIOTOB-ncTpe6uTeJIeH I1MIIcp-
CKOH repMaHcKoM apMMJI. B 1917 r. CTaJI KOMaH,lJ;MpoM 11-ii 3cKa.npl1-
JIbH 2-M MCTpe6HTeJIbHOM rpynnbI PHxTro<peHa. O.ll.ep)l(aB 62 no.n.TBep-
)KJteHHbIe n06eJ1bI B B03,l(yxe, OH nepe)l(MJI BOMIIY, .lt06HDIIIHCb BToporo
pe3Y JIbTaTa nOCJIe «KpacHoro 6apoHa» ManQ:>pe.n.a <pOH PuxTro<peHa.
HeBepO.SlTHbIH ycnex Y,l(eTa oTttacTH 06'b.SlCH.SIeTC.SI TeM, 'ITO H HeM Y,l(att-
HO COBMeI.l{aJIHCb ,l(Ba KJIlOtteBbIX,l(1liI nHJIOTa-nCTpe6MTellil KatteCTBa -
npeBOCXO,l(HbIH nl1JIOTa)I( M BbI,l(alOw;eeC.SI TaKTMtteCKoe 3peHMe. Y.lI.CT
6bIJI O,l(HI1M 113 HeMHorMX nHJIOTOB TIepBoli MltpOBOH BOHHbI, KOTOpbll:i
CYMeJI nOKMHYTb B B03,l(yxe nOBpe)l(,l(eHHbIH CaMOJICT, BblnpblrHYB ua
napallilOTe, M OCTaJIC.H npH 3TOM B )l(MBbIX.
nOCJIe BOHHbI Y,l(eT 6bIJI J{eM06MJIM30BaH, a repManCKHe BoeHHO-
B03,l(YIlIHble CMJIbI, B COOTBeTCTBlIH C BepcaJIbcKHM MHpHbIM .lI.OrOBO-
pOM, npeKpaTHJIH CBoe cyw;ecTBOBaHHe. CHaqaJIa BbI,l(alOW;I1HC.SI JIeT-
ttHK pa60TaJI B aBHaMaCTepCKHX M no BOCKpeCeHb.SlM YtJaCTBOBaJI B
nOKa3aTeJIbHbIX B03,l(YIIlHbIX 60.Slx. B 1922 r. BMeCTe C KOMnaHbOlIaMM,
OCHOBaJI ttacTlIYIO CaMOJleTOCTpOHTeJIbHYIO <PMPMY, BbInYCTMBIllYIO HC-
CKOJIbKO cnopTMBHbIX M TpeHMpoBottHbIX MaIDMH, HO BCKOpC npeKpa-
THBIlIYIO CBoe cyw;ecTBoBaHHC M3-3a Q:>MIIallcoBbIX np06JICM. B 1925 r.
nepe6paJIc.SI B EY3HOC-AI1:pec; MHoro nYTeIlleCTBOBaJI, OXOTI1JIC.SI Ha
JIbBOB B AQ:>puKe, CHMMaJI Q:>HJIbMW, opraHM30BbIBaJI nOJI.SIpHble 3KC-
ne,l(MI{HM, nOcemaJI CeBepHYIO AMepl1KY 11 3aBeJI TaM MHOrOllUCJIeH-
HbIX ,l(PY3CM. B AMepHKe BHOBb YBJIeKC.SI CaMOJIeTaMH. ffattaJI I1CllbI-
TbIBaTb HOBbIe Mallll1HbI, npOKJIaz:(bIBaTb rpaJK.Z{aHCKUe aBHaJIllHHII II
lteMOHCTpMpOBaTb lfCKYCCTBO IIHJIOTWKa Ha a3pOlllOY no BceMY MHPY.
670
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80UHbl
Ha HaQHOHaJIbHbIX aBHaQHOHHbIX COCT5I3aHH5IX B KnHBJIeHJ(e, B
1931 r., YJ(eT Ha6JIIOJ(aJI 3a nOJIeTaMH 60M6apJ(HpOBIIJ;HKa XeJI.7IJ(aH-
Bep. Q>HpMbI KepTHcc H, nopIDKeHHbIH TOqHOCTbIO nona.n;aHHH B QeJIb
npH nHKHpOBaHHH, yroBOpHJI CBoero 60eBoro TOBapHIIJ;a fepHHra npH-
06pecTH J(Be MamHHbI J(JIH HcnbITaHHH H J(eMoHCTpaQHOHHbIX nOJIe-
TOB. I1MeHHo 3TOT Q>aKT nOJIO:>KHJI HatIaJIO pO)KJ(eHHIO nHKHpYIOIIJ;HX
60M6apJ(HpOBIIJ;HKOB, HaBOJ(HBIllHX Y:>Kac Ha MHpHoe HaCeJIeHHe BO
BTOpOH MHpOBOH BOMHe.
B HatIaJIe 1930-x YJ(eT HatIaJI pa60TY Hal{ KHHrOH MeMyapoB, nO,lt-
KynaBIllYIO n03J(Hee tIHTaTeJIen CBOHM HCKpeHHHM H J(paMaTHtIHbIM
CTHJIeM, HanOMHHalOIIJ;HM Ha 3ana.n;HOM <J:>POHTe 6e3 nepeMeH 3- M.
PeMapKa.
1 HIOHH 1935 r. no npHr JIaIlleHHIO fepHHra BCTynHJI B JIIO<J:>TBa<J:>-
<J:>e B tIHHe nOJIKOBHHKa. 10 <J:>eBpaJIH 1936 r. CTa.n npeeMHHKOM PHTIe-
pa CPOH rpeHMa Ha nOCTY I1HcneKTopa HCTpe6HTeJIbHOH H nHKHpylO-
IIJ;eH aBHa HH. Ho Y,lteT He,ltOJIrO 3aHHMa.n 3TY ,ltOJI)I(HOCTb, TaK COOT-
BeTCTBOBaBllIYIO ero Kpyr030py H TeMnepaMeHTY. 9 HIOHH OH 6bIJI
HaJHatIeH rJIaBOH TeXHHtIeCKOrO ,ltenapTaMeHTa JIIOQ>TBa<J:><J:>e H C,lte-
JIaH OTBeTCTBeHHbIM 3a npOBe,lteHHe Bcen TeXHHtIeCKOn nOJIHTHKH.
OCTaBIDIcb B nepBYIO OtIepeJ(b nHJIOTOM J(O M03ra KOCTen H npe,lt-
nOtIHTaH BO BceM JIHtIHbIH npHMep, ypoK nOKoHHoro PHXTro<J:>eHa, Y,lteT
npoJ(OJI:>Ka.n aKTHBHO ytIaCTBOBaTb B HcnbITaHHHX HOBbIX CaMOJIeTOB.
B natIa.ne 1936 r. OH opraHH3yeT nOKa3aTeJIbHbIH 60H, B XO,lte KOTOpO-
ro, nHJIOTHpYH HCTpe6HTeJIb Apa,lt0-68., O,ltep:>KHBaeT Bepx Ha,z{ on-
nOHeHTOM - XeHHKeJIeM-51 . 3aTeM 3a:1<a3bIBaeT rJIaBHbIM npoMbIIll-
JIeHHHKaM CKOHCTpYHpoBaTb OTetIeCTBeHHbIH nHKHpYIOIIJ;HH 60M6ap-
J(HpOBIIJ;HK. BCKope Y,lteT JIHtIHO B3JIeTaeT Ha HOBOM TIHKHpYIOIIJ;eM
60M6ap,ltHpOBIIJ;HKe Xe-118», HO, He pa306paBIllHCb co CJIO:>KHbIM
MexaHH3MOM pery JIHpOBKH llIara BHHTa, TepnHT aBapHIO H B nOCJIe-
J(HlfH MOMeHT cnacaeT CBOIO )l(H3Hb, BbI6paCbIBaHCb C napaIllIOTOM.
B HTore OKOHtIaTeJIbHOe npe,ltnOtITeHHe OT,ltaeT 60JIee KOHcepBaTHBHO-
MY no KOHCTPYKQHH, HO Ha,z{e)l(HOMY nHKHpYIO eMY 60M6ap,ltHpOB-
IIJ;MKY IO-87», KOTOPOMY CYjI(J{eHO CTaTb CHMBOJIOM Y,ltapnOM MOIl{M
HeMel.(KOM aBHaQHH B rO,ltbI BTopon MHpOBOH BOMHbI, a ,ltYIllepa3,ltHpa-
IOI.U;Hll 3BYK ero CHpeHbI - H,lteH Y,lteTa - BCKope 6Y,lteT pa3,l1.aBaTbCH
na.l{ MHorHMH CTpaHaMH EBpOnbI. OnHpIDICb Ha BceMepHYIO nO,lJJtep:>K-
KY fepHHra M, nOHatIaJIY, MHJIbXa, fOCY,ltapCTBeHHoro ceKpeTapH no
,lteJIaM aBMaUHH, 1 anpeJIH 1937 rO,lta Y,lteT npOH3Be,lteH B reHepan-Man-
OpbI. 6 HIOHH 1936 rOJ(a OH CTaBHT HOBbIn MMpOBOH peKOp,lt CKOpOCTH
Ha caMOJIeTe Xe-100V2. - 635 KM/tIaC, a 1 H05l6pH 1938 r. nOJIYtIa-
eT tIliH reHepa.n-JIeJITeHaHTa.
HMell1l0U Y'Ka3amellb
671
B 3TO BpeM.H YJ(eT, J(OCTHrmHM IIHKa CBOerO BJIHHHHH, J(aeT BOJIIO
OJ(HOMY H3 CaMbIX HeraTHBHbIX KalIeCTB CBOeM IIpOTHBOpelIHBOM Ha-
TYPbI - MaHHaKaJIbHOH IIOJ(03pHTeJIbHOCTH. TIocTeneHHO OrreCHHB
MHJIbXa Ha 3a.ztHHH nJIaH H He CTaBH ero B H3BeCTHOCTb 0 pa60Te Tex-
HHlIeCKOrO J(enapTaMeHTa, YJ(eT Tep.HeT ero IIOMep)l(KY H Tenepb J(OJI-
jJ(eH nOJIaraTbCH TOJIbKO Ha ce6H B pemeHHH CJIO)KHbIX TeKYIIUiX npo-
6JIeM CBoero BeJ(OMCTBa, He HMe.H K 3TOMY HH OC06bIX aJJ;MHHHCTpa-
THBHbIX CKJIOHHOCTeH, HH npaKTHlIeCKOrO OnbITa.
Pe3Y JIbTaTOM HeKOMIIeTeHTHOCTH YJ(eTa B opraHH3aUHOHHbIX H
TeXHHlIeCKHX Bonpocax CTaJI HH3KHH BbInYCK 60eBbIX CaMOJIeTOB, J(JIH-
TeJIbHbIe 3aJJ;ep)l(KH MaCCOBoro npOH3BOJ(CTBa 60M6apJ(HpOBll{I1KOB
.10-88»-, HeJ(ocTaTOlIHbIH pa.ztHYC J(eMcTBHH pa3peKJIaMHpOBaHHoro
J(aJIbHerO 60M6apJ(HpOBInHKa Xe-177»-, HeYJ(aqn J(BYXMOTOPHbIX HC-
Tpe6HTeJIeH 4Me-110»- B xOJ(e EHTBbI3a AHrJIHIO»- JIeTOM 1940 rOJ(a,
epaTaJIbHOe npOMeJ(JIeHHe C C03J(aHHeM 60eBbIX peaKTHBHbIX CaMOJIe-
TOB. YJ(eT, CTaBILHH K TOMY BpeMeHH reHepaJI-nOJIKOBHHKOM, OTKa3aJI-
C.H COKpaTHTb lIHCJIO MOJ(eJIeH, IIpeJ(Ha3HalIeHHbIX .llJlH MaCCOBoro npo-
H3BOJ(CTBa H 3a nepBbIX IIOJITOpa rOJ(a BOHHhI HHHUHHpOBaJI meCTHClJ(-
l{aTb KpynHbIx CaMOJIeTOCTpOIfTeJIbHbIX IIporpaMM, lie ClIlITa51
60JIbmOrO lIHCJIa Cnel.{HaJIbHhIX caMOCTOHTeJIbIIbIX npoeKTOB no MO-
.n;epHH3aUHH. OJ(HHX TOJIbKO 3aMeCTHTCJIeH Y YJ(eTa HaClIHTWBaJIOCb
22 qeJIOBeKa. IlpeJ(cTaBIITeJIb XeihlKeJIH B EepJlHJle B IIHCbMe K CBoe-
MY meepy Ha3BaJI CYMHTHUY, KOTOpyIO OH na6JIJOJ(aJI B TeXHHlIeCKOM
J(enapTaMeHTe npOCTO HeBepOHTHOI1:»-. B 3TO BpeMH nepBbIM PYKOBO-
.n;HTeJIeM TeXHHlIeCKOrO OTJ(CJla MHIUiCTepCTua aBHanUH CTanOBHTCH
6y.n;Yll.tHi-i reHepaJI-cpeJIb,lJ;MapmaJI BOJIbeppaM Q>OH PnXTrOQ:>eH, MJIa.ll-
WIIH 6paT 3HaMeHHToro MaHQ:>peJ(a.
C IiaqaJIOM BoihlbI C COBeTCKHM COI030M H pOCTOM nOTepb, 01llu6-
KH, ,lJ;OnYIneHHbIe BCJ(OMCTBOM Y.lI.eTa, CTaHOBHTCH OqeBIIJ(HbIMJf. Tc-
nepb J(a)l(e npaBHJlbHbIe, KaK 06 3TOl\{ MO)l(HO CYJ(UTb B pCTpocneKTU-
Be, npeJ(JIO)KeHHH YJ(eTa He nOJIY'laJOT J(OJI)I(UOH nOMep)KKU. EMY He
Y1!aJIOCb nOBJIHHTb na peweHue fUTJIepa, npHHHToe B xOJ(e nOJ(rOTOB-
xu K nJIaHY Bap6apocca 0 CHH)KeHHH npHopHTeTa JhoQ:>TBaQ:><I>c B no-
JIyqeHHH epHHaHCOBbIX H CbIpbeBbIX pecypCOB. MaJIo BHHMaHH.H 6blJIO
y.n;eJIeHO HJ{eHM YJ(eTa 0 CpOlJHOM C03J(aUHH MOlltHOII HCTpe6HTeJIb-
HOB aBHaI.UlH nBO, cnoc06HoH OCTaHOBHTb B03J(YluHbIe 60M6apJ(u-
pOBKH fepMallHII. HliKTO He CJIywaeT ero npe.nocTepe)KeIUdi 0 Hc06-
X0ltHMOCTH coxpaHJ.ITb xopomMe OTIIOlIIeHJI.H C ClllA H lIe J(onycTlITb
HX npHcoe.lllfHeHHH K aHTHrHT JIepODCKoH KOaJIHUHH.
fepHHr, B ropa3J(0 60JIbWeii CTeneHH J(oBepHIOIUlfH Tenepb a.ztMU-
IIHcTpaTHBHbIM TaJIaHTaM MUJIbxa, 20 HIOHH 1941 rOJ(a cJ(eJIaJI 3Toro
672
A8ua Wl BellUKOU 80Ullbl
rJIaBHoro COIIepHHKa Y,lteTa OTBeTCTBeHHbIM 3a HCIIpaBJIeHlfe ,ltorrymeH-
HbIX OllIlf6oK B TeXHHqeCKOH IIOJIHTHKe If B03JIO)l(HJI na HerO)l(e 3a,u:a-
qy B TeqeHlfe rrOJIyrO,lta YBeJIlfqHTb BbIrrYCK 60eBbIX CaMOJIeTOB B qe-
Tblpe pa3a. TeM He MeHee, He )l(eJIa.H 06H,lteTb Y,u:eTa, CBoero CTaporo
60eBoro TOBaplfw;a, OH OTKa3aJIC.H OT orpaHHqeHH.H ero rrOJIHOMOqI1H,
H He CTaJI IfCKaTb ,ltJI.H Hero ,u:PyroI1, 60JIee IIO,u:xO,lt.Hw;eH ,ltOJI)I(HOCTI1,
qTO, B03MO)l(HO, COXpaHlfJIO 6bI repMaHHH )l(lf3Hb O,ltHOrO 1f3 ee Hal16o-
JIee H3BeCTHbIX JIeTqHKOB.
CaMOJII06lfe Y,lteTa 60JIe3HeHHO ymeMJIeHO, JII06e3HbIe rrpnfJJallIe-
HH.H repHHra rrOOXOTlfTbC.H 60JIbllIe HH B qeM He y6e)K,l{aIOT, a IIOllIaT-
H)'BllIeeC.H 3,ltOpOBbe He MOryr y)l(e rrorrpaBlfTb Hlf CHJIbHo,u:eMCTBYIOW;l1e
JIeKapCTBeHHbIe rrperrapaTbI, HH ,ltJJlfTeJIbHOe rrpe6bIBaHlfe B caHaToplf-
.HX. ABlfaIIpOMbIllIJIeHHlfK C1>plfn 3lf6eJIb, CTapbIH ,ltpyr Y,lteTa, orrMCbI-
BaJI ero B Te ,ltHIf KaK CMepTeJIbHO YCTaJIOrO, arrarn"IHoro qeJIOBeKa, CTpa-
,u:alOw;ero OT KpOBOTeqeHHH, rOJIOBOKpY)I(eH:wI If CMJIbHbIX 60JIeH B YllIax,
C KOTOpbIMIf TaK If He CMor CIIpaBMTC.H Hlf O,ltlfH ,ltOKTOp .
YTpOM 17 HO.H6p.H 1941 ro,u:a Y,lteT rrepeo,u:eJIC5I B IIOJIHYIO reHe-
paJIbCKYIO Q:>OPMY, rr03BOHlfJI CBoeH JII060BHHne I1Hre DJIeMJIb If CKa-
3aJI TOpOIIJIMBO, qTO HC MO)l(eT 60JIbllIe BbI,ltep)KaTb YHlf)l(eHI1M 11 pe-
IlII1JI rrOKOHqlfTb )l(113Hb caMoy6lfMCTBOM, IIOCJIe qero Ta, ouerreHeB or
Y)Kaca, YCJIbIllIaJIa B TCJIecpoHHoH Tpy6Ke 3BYK rrl1CTOJIeTHOrO BbICTpe-
JIa. O,ltHa U3 rrpe,n:cMepTHbIx 3arrI1COK, OCTaBJIeHHbIX Y,lterOM, 6bIJIa a.n;-
pCCOBaHa JIl1qHO repMHry If 06BlfH.HJIa )J(eJIe3HOrO qeJIOBeKa» B IIpe-
Jl,aTeJIbCTBe nx cTapoH .n;PY)K6bI, HaqaBIlleHC.H B 1918 r02ty. B 0<PH1{1f-
aJIbHOM rrpaBHTeJJbCTBeHHOM c006w;eHI1I1 6bIJIO 06'b.HBJIeHO, 4TO Y.n;CT
IIOfl16 rrpl1 HcrrbITaHI1.HX HOBOH TeXHHKH, a qTo6bI npeCe1.Jb pacnpOCT-
paHCHI1C CJIYXOB 0 caMoy6HHcTBe, cro rrOXOpOHMJIIf B 3aKpbITOM rp06y.
«O,ltlfH 113 TaJIaHTJUfBeHIllI1X JIeTql1KOB CBoero BpeMelUI, OH HPII-
HajJ)Ie)KaJI K 60reMe. BHYTpeHHe Y,u:eT 6bIJI M.HrKlfM H BneqaTJIHTeJlb-
HbIM 4eJIOBeKOM. OH OqapOBbIBaJI JIIO,lteH CBoeH cep,u:eqHOCTblO If OCT-
POYMMCM... fIepexo,lt Y,u:CTa B CTaH BOCHHOH 61OpOKpaTI11f Orre4aJIl1JI
MuorMX, I<TO 6bIJI C HlfM XOpOlliO 3HaKOM» (3. XeI1HKeJIb).
CMepTb Y,ltCTa CTa.7Ia KOCBeHHOM rrpl1ql1HOH eme O,ltHOM HCBOCrrOJI-
nl1MoI1: IIOTepH ,u:JI.H JIIOQ:>TBaQ:><pe. Bepnep MeJIb,u:epc, Bbl,ltaIOIl{I1HC.H
UeMCUI<HH ac, o,u:ep)KI1BaBIlII1M rr06e,u:bI B I1crraHl1u, C1>paHnI1U, POC-
CHn If rrepBbIM npeo,u:OJIeBllIlfM Py6e)l( 100 C6MTbIX CaMOJIeTOB, IIOJIY-
qUB co06w;eHlfe 0 CMepTJI Y.n;eTa, Cp04HO OTrrpaBlfJIC.H B DCpJIlfH Ha
rroxopOHhI, HO, B YCJIODIf.HX IIJIoxoii BIf,u:HMOCTIf, TpaHcnopTHbIii
Xc-111 , Ha KOTOpOM OH JIeTeJI naCCa)Kl1pOM, npl13axo,u:c Ha IIoca.n;KY
B DpeCJIay 3a,n.CJI KpbIJIOM 3a Q:>a6plfqnYlo Tpy6y M pa36HJIC BMCCTC co
BCCMI1, KTO HaXO,ltI1JIC.H Ha 60PTY.
H.Me1l1tOU Y'Ka3amellb
673
YJIbHHI1H CepreH AJIeKCeeBMtI (1871-1920) - PYCCKMH BO-
eHHbIH Jle'PUIK; M306peTaTeJIh; nOJIKOBHMK; HatlaJIbHMK faTt{HHCKOH BO-
eHHoH JIeTHOH WKOJIbI. B 1895 r. 3aKOHtlWJI oqnu.tepcKMH KJIaCC Ytle6-
Horo B03,l(yxOnJIaBaTeJIbHOfO napI(a, CJIY)J(MJI B fIOJIbllIe. B 1910 r. no-
JlyqHJI ,l(MnJIOM aBMaTopa <!>paHl.(Y3cKoro aapoKJIy6a N2 181. C
ceHT.SI6p.Sl 1910 f. PYKOBO,l(MJI aBMal.(MOHHbIM OT.l{eJIOM 0<pMI epcKoi1
B03,l(yxOnJIaBaTeJIbHOH llIKOJIbI; 3aHMMaJIC.SI 11306peTaTeJIbCKOH W KOH-
CTPYKTOPCKOM ,l(e.SlTeJIbHOCTblO, a3pO<poTOC'beMKoH. HaKaHYHe BOHHbI
paapa60TaJI ,ZtBYXMOTOPHbIH CaMOJIeT THna YTKa , HO, He pacnOJIaraH
,nOCTaTOt:fHO MOIll;IlbIMM ,l(BMraTeJI.SIMM, llbIHY)J(,l(eH 6bIJI nepeHTM Ha tle-
TbIpeXMOTopHYIO cxeMY a3pOnJIaHa. 3a BpeM.SI BOHHbI B OIIbITHbIX Ma-
CTepCKMX PEB3 eMY Y,l(aJIOCh nOCTpOHTb t:feTblpe «,ZtBYXXBOCTKI1». B
1916 r. HanpaBJIeH BO <1>paH MIO B KalleCTBe npe,l(Ce,ZtaTeJI.SI KOMlICCI1M
rro npMCMKe 3aKyrraeMoro POCCMCH BoeHHO-anMal.(MOHHOro MMYlI.{CCTna.
nOCJIe peBOJIIOl.(I1H B POCCMIO He BepHYJIC.SI.
YTOQKHH CepreH I1caeBMtI (1876-1916) - JICTtlMK-caMYlIKa,
c 1907 r. JIeTaJI Ha B03,ZtYlliHOM wape, 3aTeM OCBOIfJI nJIaHep, 3K3aMcn
Ha3BaHlie rrMJIOTaC,l(aJI B 1910 r. B a3pOKJly6e O,l(ecCbI. TIepBbIM nOKa-
3aJI rrOJIeTbI CaMOJIeTa BO MHorMX ropo.l{ax POCCI1H, cnoc06CTBOBaJI
rrpOrraraH,l(e aBMal.(HM. TIoCJIe aBapMH 1911 r. JIetlI1JIC c rrpMMeHeHM-
eM HapKOTliKOB, B 1913 r. 3a60JIeJI rrCMXMtleCKOH 60JIe3HblO. Bo BpeM.SI
BOHHbI 6bIJI rrparroplUMKoM aBTOaBMal.(MOHHOH ttPY)KHHbI rro,l( 11cTpor-
pa.u.OM, B BOHne rrpaKTl1l1eCKM He YtlaCTBOBaJI.
<1>E)!OPOB BMKTOp rpMropbeBMlI (1885-1918) - PYCCKMii no-
eHHbIli JIeTtiMK-aC, BoeBaBIlIHH BO <1>paHl.(lfH. 11 B03,l(YUIHbIX rr06e,l(.
fepMaHcKlle aBMaTopbI Ha3bIBaJIM cro PYCCKHM n03.l{YIIIHbIM Ka3a-
KOM Bep,l(eHa ; 3a 16 ,l(HeM IlO,l( Bep,l(eHOM B ,l(eB.SITM B03,l(YllIHbIX 60.Slx
OH C6HJI 8 repManCKI1X CaMOJIeTOB. B O,l(HOM 113 60cn 6bIJI paHeIl II
HOry, HO 6JIarOrrOJIYtlHO noca,n:MJI CaMOJIeT Ha CBoeM a3pO,ZtpOMe. 113
npHKa3a reHepaJIHCcHMyca )Ko<p<ppa 0 Harpa)KJ C](HU <l>e,l(opona:
«...BbI Y,l(BOIfJIH CJIaBY, rrOKpbIBIlIYIO 3IIaMeHa Bep,ZteHCKOI1 apMHH.
OT HMeHM 31'011 apMMH 6JIaro,l(aplO Bac 3a YCJIyry, OKa3aHHYIO <1>paH-
l{HM . rOBOpnJI: rrOCJIe BbI3,l(opOBJIeHH.SI - B POCCIfIO. Ot{CIIb Y)J(c
3,Ztecb "BbICJIY)J(HJIC.SI", Bce noeUHble Harpa,u,bI <ppaHl.(Y3cKOM apMMM
nOJIYlIHJI B .l{Be He,l(eJIli. A Y MeH.SI TalOKC 6e3YMHoe :>KCJIaHHe rrOCJIY-
MTb B POCCMH, - TaM If YMepeTb CTpalliHO He 6y,ZtCT. MHe H 3.l{CCb
He CTpaIliHO. Ho Be.l{b He cBOM - qY)KOH .SI .l{JI.SI HIIX. 11 HHKOr.lla CBO-
HM He 6y,Zty. A H POCCMH YIIICJI 6bl BCCb B paapYllIl1TCJIhUYIO pa60TY -
6HTb H 6UTb HeM a . O.l{HaKO BepllYTbc}J B POCCMIO eMY 6bIJIO He
CY)KJ{eHO. IepMaHCKHe aBMaTopbI YCTpOHJIH Ha Hero OXOTY. flon-16 3a
UeCKOJIbl(O )],Hcfl ,l(0 OKOH'-IaHM Bolillbi.
23 ABHaW.HI BeJlHKOH BOHHbl
674
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80UHbl
<I>I1HHE KOHCTaHTHH HHKOJIaeBH'l (1877-1957) - nocne
OKOH'laHH$I B 1903 r. BoeHHo"MenHltHHCKOH aKa.zteMHH, OH Ha'lHHaeT
cJlY)K6y B ,ltOJI)KHOCTH xHpypra BoeHHoro rOCnHTamI. B 1914 r. <I>HH"
He Ha3J1a'leH Ha'laJIbHHKOM Me,ltHltHHCKOH cn)')K6b1 <PoPMHpYIOIl(eHCH
:3CK3J(pbI B03,ltynIHbIX Kopa6J1eH (:3BK), nepBoro B MHpe aBHaltHOH-
Horo COe,ltHHeHHH T$I)KeJIblX 'leTbIpeXMOTopHblX 6oM6ap,ltHpoBIl(HKOB,
OCHaIneHHOrOCaMOJIeTaMH .I1JIbH MYPOMelt.. B rO,ltbI BOHHbl <I>HHHe
opraHH3yeT Me,ltHltHHCKYIO CJIY)K6y ,It.TJH Bcex '1eTblpex aBHaOTp$l,ltOB
3CK3J(pbl, HaXo,ltHBllIHXCH Ha paaHbIX <ppoHTax.
B ro,ltbl peBOJlIOItHH <I>HHHe, HaXO,ltHBllIHHCH Ha rJIaBHOH 633e :3 BK
B BHHHHlte, 6blJl CBHJJ;eTeJIeM pa3Bana 3CKa.n;pbI H Bcero repMaHCKoro
<ppoHTa, B 1918 r. BcrynHJI B ,lteHHKHHcKYIO apMHIO. Ero 6paT 6blJl ape-
CTOBaH 60JIbllIeBHKaMH H n03,ltHee paccrpeJlHH. B 1920 r. nocJle pH,lta
3J10KJIIO'leHHH <I>HHHe BMeCTe C ceMbeH y,ltaJIOCb nOKHHyrb POCCHIO H
yexaTb B IOrOCJlaBHIO, r,lte 011 OTKpbIJI Me,ltHltHHcKYIO npaKTHKY. ne-
peexaB B 1926 r. B BeJlrp3J(, KOHCTaHTHH C1>HHHe Bce 60JlbWe Ha'lHHa-
eT nOCBHInaTb ce6H JIHTepaTypHoH pa60Te. B 1930 r. 3aBepllIaeT pa6o..
1)' 06 HCTOpHH 3BK, TaIOKe nHllIeT CTaTbH no PYCCKOH HCTOpHH, KO-
pOTKHe paCCKa3bI H nOJIeMH'leCKHe 3aMeTKH 0 nOCJlepeBOJIIOIJ;HOHHOH
POCCHIf. Bo BpeMR BTOpOH MHpOBOH BOHHbl <I>HHHe OCTaBaJICR B EB-
pone H nocJle MHorHX JIeT CKHTaHHH yexan B 1949 r. B HblO" tioPK, r.n-c
H YMep.
fJlaBIIIDI pa60Ta KOHcTaHTHHa <1>HHlIe .PyccKHe B03,ltYllIHble 60"
raTbIpH 11.11. CHKopcKoro , ony6J1HKOBaHHIDI B 1930 r. Ha PYCCKOM
H3bIKe B BeJlrpa;:te.
<DOHK PeHe (1894-1953) - <ppaHltY3cKHH BoeHHbIH JleT'IHK.
BeCHOH 1915 r. <I>OHK 6blJlnepeBe,lteH B 47-10 3CKa;:tpHJlblO, r,lte JIeTaJI
na .n-BYXMOTOPHbIX CaMOJleTaX . KO,ltpoH G.IV., 3aHHMIDICb pa3BellKOH,
06HapY)KeHHeM apTHJlJlepHH npOTHBHHKa H 60M6ap,ltHpOBKaMH. 2
HIOIDI OH neCKOJlbKO paa BbICTpeJlHJI H3 BHHTOBKH no HeMel.{KOMY JJ;BYX-
MeCTHOMY CaMOJIeTY, HO 6e3pe3YJlbTaTHo.
fOJ( cnYCTR 4Ko.n-pOHbl 6bIJlH OCHau.{eHbl nYJIeMeTaMH. TIepBaj1
pemalOmaJI n06e,lta C1>oHKa 6blJla O,ltep)KaHa 6 aBrycTa 1916 r., KorJ(a
OH co CBOHM Ha6J1IO.n-aTeJleM HaHec nOBpe)l(,lteHHR .<I>oKKePYj) H 3ac..
TaBHJI npH3eMJlHTbCR PYMnJlep»-. Ero BTOpCUI 1I06e.zta nOCJleJ(OBaJIa
TOJIbKO 17 MapTa 1917 r., KOf,lta B 6010 JJ,Boe npOTHB nHTepblX OH C6MJI
AJlb6aTpOc D.III . dTOT ycnex cnoC06CTBOBaJI ero nepeBO,lty B nCTpe-
6UTeJIbHYlO rpynny, f,lte Oll JleTaJI Ha CaMOJIeTaX CI1A,l( VII .
I1MeHHo B JlcTpe6HTeJIbHOH rpynne AHCTOBj,) C1>OIlK naqaJI OTTa-
QUnaTI> CBOIO TaKTHKY, npHHecmylO CMY, H KOHl{e KOIIl{OB, orpoMHbIil
ycnex. I1oHJfMaR, '1TO BHe3anHOCTb RBJIHeTC5I naMB(l)KUeHlllUM QJaKTO-
H.Me1l1lou Y'Ka3ameJlb
675
POM, OH TInaTeJIbHO H3}'\IaJI CKOpOCTH H COOTBeTCTBYIOlI!He yrJIbI aTa-
KH. B TO )Ke BpeWl OH npaKTHKOBaJIC.H B MeTKOH CTpeJIb6e, oc06eHHO B
CTpeJlb6e C ynpeX<.,neHHeM. B pe3Y JIbTaTe OH CTaJI TaKHM CHaHnepOM,
'lT0 .ltOCTHran n06e,nbI JlHWb C ropCTblO naTpOHOB. C ,npyroH CTOpOHbI,
ero JI03YHrOM 6bIJla OCTOP0)KHOCTb. Ero <pHJIOco<pHeH CTaJIO HaHece-
HHe MaKCHMaJIbHOrO YInep6a npH HaHMeHbweM pHCKe, H 3.lteCb OH no-
BTOp.HJI l()I(eHMCa MaKKa.zuteHa H MaH<ppe.lta <pOH PHXTrcxpeHa. I1Me.H
e)Ke.ltHeBHO nepe,n C060H 3HeprnqHbIe npHMepbI fHMHeMepa, HYH)I(ec-
cepa H ,npyrnx, MHOfHe nHJlOTbI rpynnbI 4:AHCTOB. HaXO.ltHJlH no,nxo.l!
<I>oHKa CJlHWKOM HayqHbIM. B03HHKJIH ,nBe rpynnHpoBKH, CTOPOHHH-
KH <I>oHKa H <paHaTHKH, npe,nJlaralOInHe OTnpaBHTb HX B WKOJIY. 11 06-
CTaHOBKa HaCTOJlbKO HaKaJIHJIaCb, qTO HaCTaJI MOMeHT, Kor;:J;a <I>OHKY
npe,nJlO)KHJIH nepeMTH B ,nPyryIO qaCTb. Ho OH OTKa3aJIC.H. EMY npe;:J;-
JIO)KHJIH KOMaHltOBaTb 3CK3.ztpHJIbeH, Ky,na OH Mor 6bI nepeBeCTH CTO-
pOHHHKOB ero MeTo,na, HO OH OTKa3aJIC.H H OT 3Toro. EIne O,nHH <paKTOp
cnoc06CTBOBaJI Henony JI.HpHOCTH <DoHKa - CKpOMHOCTb He .HBJI.HJIaCb
qepTOM ero xapaKTepa, H OH Mor 6bITb KpaHHe caMOYBepeHHbIM, npH-
BO,n.H B ,nOKa3aTeJIbCTBO CBoeH npaBOTbI npOCTpaHHbIe I.J;HTaTbI.
MHome H3 ero no,nTBepX<.,neHHbIX no6e.zt 6 blJIH , no 06IneMY npH-
3HaHHIO, npOjlBJleHHeM BHpry03HOCTH B B03,nyxe, HO ,npyrne. o,nepJKaH-
HLIe HM, Kor,na OH JIeTaJI O,nHH, qaCTO, oc06eHHo TeMH, lITO He,l10JII06JIH-
BaJI eropaCCMaTpHBa.,'IHCb KaK llJIO,n CJIHIllKOM 60JIbWOrO Bo06pIDKeHHH.
TeM He MeHee, B conOCTaBJleHHH C qHCJIOM B03.ztYWHbIX 60eB YC-
nex Cl>oHKa npOCTO nOpa3HTeJIeH. CJIe,nyeT OTMeTHTb, qTO qHCnO He-
no,nTBep)l(.lteHHbIX n06e,n <DoHKa COCTaBJUlJIO 52. ECJIH 6bI .ztIDKe II.HTIDI
HX qaCTb 6bIJIa nO.ztTBepJKJ1.eHa, ero JIHqHbIH CqeT 6bIJI 6bI caMbIM 60JIb-
WHM B TOM BORHe.
JleTaJI <DOHK Ha 4:CIIA.n:e , BoopY)KeHHOM nYWKOM. Bo06Ine y
Hero 6bIJlO ,nBe MaWHHbI: O.ztHa C ,nBYM.H nYJIeMeTaMH, a ,npyraR rrYllIeq-
Ho-ny JIeMeTHaR.
B 1926 r. <I>OHKY 6bIJlO ,nOBepeHO npaBO nepBoro rrepeJIeTa tIepe3
ATJIaHTHqeCKHH OKeaH Ha CaMOJIeTe CHKopcKoro S-35. OH CTaJI KO-
MaH;:J;HpoM HHTepHaI.J;HOHaJIbHOrO 3KHnaJKa, HO npH B3JIeTe cJlyqHJlacb
rpaH,nH03Ha.H aBapHH, CaMOJleT BcrrbIXHYJI, H <DOHK C llOMOll.(HHKOM
e,nBa YClleJIH BbICKOtIHTb; ,nBoe ,npyrnx llHJIOTOB norH6JIH. <DOHK CTpe-
MHJIC.H CTaTb KOMaH,nHpOM H BToporo CaMOJIeTa 3TOM Cepl1H, JlHtIHO
3aHHMaHCb rrpH06peTeHHeM HOBbIX MOTOpOB I1.JI.H Hero, HO nepBbIM
nepeJIeTeTb ATJIaHTHKY eMY TaK 11 He y,naJIOCb. PeHe <DOHK BbIIlleJl H
OTCTaBKY H3 Armee de l'Air (B03;:J;YllIHa ApMH.H - oqnu.(HaJIbHOe Ha-
3BaUHe <ppaHI.J;Y3cKOH BoeHHOH aOHaI.J;IUt) B 1939 r. H YMCP B MlOlIe
1953 r. B B03paCTe 59 JleT.
676
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80U1lbl
lI.ETITIEJII1H <I>ep,zUiHaH,a (1838-1917) - repMaHcKHH H306pe-
TaTeJIb, reHepaJI B OTCTaBKe, rpa<p. 3aKOH1IHJI BoeHHYIO llIKOJIY B JIIO,a-
BHrc6ypre H B 1IHHe JIeHTeHaHTa, 6hIJI onpe,aeJleH ,ami npOXOJKJ1.eHH
CJlY)I(6bI B BIOpTeM6eprcKYlO apMHIO. B 1860-x ro,aax ye3)1(aeT B AMe-
PHKY H npHHHMaeT TaM caMoe aKTHBHoe yqacTHe B rpIDK,aaHCKOH BOH-
He ceBepa C IOrOM. TaM OH 01IeHb 6bICTpO BbI,aBHraeTC B 1IHCJIO HaH60-
Jlee HHHU;HaTHBHbIX H OTB(l)I(HbIX BoeHHbIX paaBe,a1IHKoB. 3aTeM, Bep-
HYBllIHCb B repMaHHIO, MOJlO,aOH 0<pH1.1ep CTOJlb)l(e pb HO BK.JII01IaeTC
BO <ppaHKo-rrpYCCKYIO BOllHY H CKOpO CTaHOBHTC o<pHu;epoM rrpyc-
CKoro reHepaJIbHOrO llITa6a. TI pHHHMaeT Y1IaCTHe B oca,ae TIapH)I(a. B
1890 r. BbIXO,aHT B OTCTaBKY H nOCB l1.1aeT CBOIO .l(aJlbHeHllIYIO )l(H3Hb
B03,ayxOnJIaBaHHIO. CKPyny JIe3HO C HeMeU;KoH ne,aaHTH1IHOCTblO HC-
CJIe,ay CBOHCTBa pa3JIH1IHbIX MaTepHaJIOB, I1.enneJIHH npHxo,aHT K
BbIBO,ay, 1ITO ,aHpH)I(a6JIH HaJJ.O ,aeJIaTb H3 aJIIOMHHH .
BCKope OH )l(eHHJlC B POCCHH Ha 6apoHecce BOJIb<p, BJla,aelOl1.1eH
KpynHbIMH nOMeCTb MH B TIpH6aJITHKe, H nOCTpOHJI CBOH nepBbIH ,aH-
pH:>Ka6JIb, npoeKT KOToporo npe,aCTaBHJI Ha paCCMOTpeHHe KOMHCCHH,
CneU;HaJIbHO c03,aaHHoH BHJIbreJlbMOM I I, B 1894 r. B 1898-1900 rr.
rpa<p CTpOHT CBOIO nepBYIO MalIIHHY LZ-1; ee .l(JlHHa 128 M, ,aHaMeTp
OKOJlO 12 M. BHYTPH aJIIOMHHHeBoro Kopnyca 17 6aJIJIOHOB ,aJl ra3a,
c,aeJIaHHbIe H3 CneU;HaJIbHOH xJIon1IaT06YM(l)I(HOH TKaHH, ,aBa 6eH3H-
HOBbIX ,aBHraTeJUI ,l{aHMJIepa no 15 JI. C., Ka)l(.l(bIH BeCOM 450 Kr H C
nponeJlJIepaMH 60Jlee 1 M ,aHaMeTpoM. Bec,aHpIDKa6m1 npeBbIllIaJI 11 T.
3TOT .l(HpH)Ka6J1b 6bIJI nOCTpoeH Ha 6epery Eo,aeHcKoro 03epa, B
MeCTe1.lKe <I>pH.ltpHXcra<peH. 3,aecb )l(e 2 HIOJI 1900 r. COCTO JIC ero
nepBbIH nOJleT, ,aJIHBllIHHC ,aBa.ztu;aTb MHHYT H 3aKOH1IHBlIIHiic He-
y,aa1IHO. JJ:B C nOJlOBHHOH Mec u;a KOHCTPYKTOP YCTpaH JI He.l(OCTaT-
KI1 H HeHcnpaBHOCTH, nOCJIe 1Iero nepBbIH u;enneJIHH ,aBa)l(.l{bI no,aHH-
MaJIC B B03,ayX 17 H 21 OKT 6p . JJ:HpH)I(a6JIb YCTOH1IHBO JleTaTI H
XOpOlliO CJlYllIaJIC pYJIeH. O,aHaKo 21 OKT 6p Kopnyc MalIIHHbI pa3-
JIOMHJIC nOnOJlaM, H ,aHpH:>Ka6J1b npHllIJlOCb pa306paTb.
Cy,ab6a BTOpOH MalIIHHbI OKa3aJIaCb eIl.{e 60JIee ne1IaJIbHOH. 30
HOH6p 1905 r. npH nonWTKe BWnOJIHHTb nepBbIH nOJleT, BHe3anHO
HaJIeTeBlIIHH nopWB BeTpa CHJIbHO nOM JI ,aHpH)I(a6J1b. Q.l(HaKO, noc-
JIe OCHOBaTeJlbHOrO peMOHTa, 17 HBap 1906 r. OH Bce :>Ke nOJleTeJI,
XOT H rrOKa3aJI ce6 BeCbMa HeycTOH1IHBbIM H nJloxo CJIYlIIaJlCH py-
JIeH. IJ.enneJlHH, JlH1IHO ynpaBJI BlIIHH B03,aYllIHbIM Cy,aHOM, BbIHY)K-
,aeH 6bIJI noca,aHTb ero B He3HaKOMOM MeCTe, H H01IblO 6yp COBeplIIeH-
HO YHH1ITO)l(HJla ero ,aeTHIl.{e.
Ha nOCTpOHKY TpeTbeH Mo,aeJIH C06Hpa.nH ,aeHbfH .l(PY3b II no-
1.J.HTaTeJIH TaJIaHTa rpa<pa. 11 HaKOHeu; 9 OKT 6p 1906 r. 6bIJla 3any-
HMe1l1l0U YKa3ameJlb
677
lIteHa nepBCUI Y,l{aqHCUI MO,l{eJIb JJ;HPH:>Ka6JIjI ero KOHCTpYKltHH. Ha CJIe-
ttYIOIUHH ,l{eHb Kopa6JIb lI.enneJIHHa, B3j1B Ha 60pT 11 qeJIOBeK, npOJIe-
TeJI 3a 2 qaca 17 MHH)'T 110 KM. 3TO jlBHJIOCb HeCJIbIXaHHbIM JJ;OCTH)Ke-
HHeM. rpa<t> nOJIyqaeT yqeHYIO CTeneHb JJ;OKTopa HH)I(eHepHbIX HaYK.
PeHxcTar BbI,l{eJIjleT nOJIMHJIJIHOHa MapoK Ha npOJJ;OJI)I(eHHe pa60T. Ha
BO,l{eHCKOM 03epe CTpOHTCjI aa rocy JJ;apCTBeHHbIH CqeT CneltHaJIbHbIH
nJIaBalOIUHH 3J1JIHHr, KOTOpbIH B CeHTjl6pe 1907 r.npenOJJ;HOCHTCjI rpa-
<t>Y KaK nO,l{apOK OT HMeHH HaltHH.
OceHblO 1907 r. lI.enneJIHH J1eTaeT 6e3 nOCaJJ.KH 8 qaCOB, nOCJIe
qero nOJIyqaeT npe,l{JIO)l(eHHe npaBHTeJIbCTBa - eCJIH ,l{HPH)I((l6JIb CMO-
)l(eT np0JJ;ep)l(aTbCjI B B03JJ;yxe Ha BblCOTe 1200 M He MeHee CYTOK, npa-
BHTeJIbCTBO KynHT ero ,l{JIjI HY)I(,l{ apMHH.
,l{JIjI 3TOM QeJIH rpa<t> C03JJ;aJI HOBYIO MO,l{eJIb, B KOTOpOH 6bIJIH Yt:f-
TeHbI Bce He,l{OCTaTKH, 3aMet:feHHbIe HM B npe)l(HHX KOHCTPYKIU1HX.
,l{JIHHa Kopa6JIH 6bIJIa YBeJIHt:feHa,l{O 136 M, YCTaHOBJIeHbI ,ltBHraTCJIH
no 110 JI. C., a raaOBM BMeCTHMOCTb .nOBe.neHa,l{O 15 M 3 . 11 BOT 1 HIOJIH
1908 r. LZ-4 COBepUHfJI nepBbIH 12-qaCOBOH nOJIeT HaJ{ III.BeHuapHeH.
3aTeM, nOCJIe HeCKOJIbKHX ,l{OnOJIHHTeJIbHbIX np06 H .nopa60ToK, lJ.err-
_neJIHH 4 H 5 aBrYCTa COBepIIIHJI ,l{BYXCYTOt:fHbIH nepeJICT. IT paBJ{a, eMY
npHIIIJIOCb C,l{eJIaTb no nYTH HeCKOJIbKO OCTaHOBOK, 11 BeCb IIOJIeT 3a-
KOHt:fHJIC.SInOJIHOH KaTacTpo<t>oM; CHJIbHbIH rropbIB BeTpa nepeBepHYJI
Kopa6JIb, YJ{apHJI HOCOBOH t:faCTblO 0 3eMJIIO, B pe3Y JIbTaTe t:fefO rrpo-
H30IlleJI B3PbIB, H paaropeBIIIHHcH nO)l(ap nOJIHOCTbIO YHINTO)KHJI uen-
neJIHH. lipH 3TOM O,l{HH t:feJIOBeK norH6 H .nBoe rrOJIYtJHJIH paHeHH.SI.
TeM He MeHee, B fepMaHHH C03.naeTC.SI 061ueCTBO peBHHTeJIeii, 6JIa-
rO,l{apH KOTOPOMY c06paHbI J{OCTaTOt:fHble cpe.nCTBa ,l{JIH npO,l{OJI)KeHHH
pa60T. MO,l{epHH3HpOBaHHbIM LZ-3npH06peTaeTC.SI rrpaBHTeJIbCTBOM
.nIDI HY)I(,lt apMHH. B 1909 r. LZ-5, nOCJIe nOJIYTopacYTotJHoro nYTeIlle-
CTBHjI, TaIOKe KynJIeH rOCY,l{apCTBOM. B 3TOM )Ke ro,l{Y rpa<t> COBepIIIHJI
nepeJIeT ,l{0 EepJIHHa H 06paTHo Ha LZ-6, npeOJ{OJIeB nOttTH 600 KM 3a
22,5 t:faca. Bo C1>paHK<t>YPTe-Ha-MaMHe C03J{aeTC.SI aKI.{HOHepHoe 06-
IUeCTBO, nOCTaBHBwee 3aJJ.aqy opraHH3altHH naCCIDKHpCKoro B03J()'Ill-
Horo co06IUeHHjlnOCpe,l{CTBOM ,l{HpH)I(a6JIeH.
113 ra3eTbI PYCCKM MbICJIb OT 23 ceHTH6pjl1909 r.: rpa<t> lJ.cn-
neJIHH - cTapbIH 6apHH, BIDKHbIH, MOJIqaJIHBbIH, cTpomH, C 06.1lliKOM
BHcMapKa H MaHepaMH MapKH3a IT03bI. OH, KaK H3BeCTHO, nOMeCT-
HbIM "IOHKep" no pO)l(,lteHHIO, KaBaJIepHCT no Kapbepe, OTCTaBHOH re-
HepaJI no CBoeMY HbIHeIlIHeMY nOJIO)l(eHHIO B 06IUeCTBe, no y6e)l(Jte-
HIDIM Y3KHH KOHcepBaTOp H nH3THCT; Ha Bcex H Ha Bce, KpoMe TOJIbKO
BepJIHHa H TIoTc.naMa, rJIMHT OH cBepxy, J{IDKe HanpaBJUljlCb 3a 06JIa-
Kat YBeWHBaeT CBOIO rpY,l{b op.neHaMH H .nep)KHT ce6H B CBoeH MepT-
678
A8Ua UJl BeJlu'Kou 80U:llbl
BOM H 3aMKHYTOM Q>PHJtPHXCXaQ>eHCKOH pe3H.l(eH HH, TOqHO B OCIDK-
.l(eHHOM KpenOCTH. KaKHM 06pa30M OH MOr nO.l(apHTb MHPY CBOe 3aMe-
qaTeJIbHOe H306peTeHHe - He06DjlCHHMO .
B 1910 r. 22 anpeIDI Ha BoeHHbIX MaHeBpaX H3-3a CHJlbHOrO BeTpa
TepnHT KaTacTPcxPY LZ-5. 28 HIOHjI TepIIHT KpyweHHe IIepBbIH nacca-
)f(HpCKHH LZ-7 ( fepMaHIDI )- nepBoe npH06peTeHHe aKUHOHepHoro
06mecTBa. 14 CeHTjl6pjl B 63JteHe B30pBaJICjI LZ-6. ll.enneJIHH BOCCTa-
HOBHJI LZ-7, C.l(eJIaB ero LX -8 ( 3p3au- fepMaHIDI. ), H IIOCTpOHJI LZ..9.
O.l(HaKO 16 MCUI 1911 r. npH nO.l(Be.l(eHHH K aHrapy B ,l1lOcCeJIb.l(Op<pe
LZ-9 BeTpOM paa61U10 B.l(pe6e3rn; ueJIbIMH OCTaJIHCb TOJIbKO MOTOpbI.
LZ-10 TaIOKe cropeJI B ,l1lOcCeJIb.l(Op<pe, Bpe3aBIIIHCb B CBOM aHrap.
26 aBrycTa 1913 r. nOTepneJI KpyweHHe JJ;HpIDKa6JIb BoeHHO-MOP-
CKoro Be.l(OMCTBa LZ-14; nOqTH BeCb aKHnIDK (15 qeJIOBeK) norn6. 18
MapTa 1913 r. B 6yplO B KapJIcpye rH6HeT LZ-15. 4 OKTjl6pjl1913 r. B
'Iac HOqH Ha BbICOTe 300 M nO'ITH MnfOBeHHO cropaeT OT BOCIIJIaMeHe-
HHjI TOnJIHBHbIX 6aKoB LZ-18; norH6JIo 28 'IeJIOBeK, B TOM 'IHCJIe H
'IJIeHhI BoeHHOH npHeMHOH KOMHCCHH. OJJ;HaKO HMnepaTOp BlUlbreJIbM
3ajlBHJI: ,l1ID1 caMOH nOCTpOHKH uenneJIHHOB aTa KaTaCTpo<pa He 6y-
.l(eT HMeTb HHKaKHX nOCJIe.l(CTBHH. HanpoTHB, MhI C eme 60JIbWHM pBe-
HHeM AOJI)KHhI CTapanC5I CJJ;eJIaTb 3TO B03.l(YIliHoe opY)l(He CHJIbHbIM H
Heno6e.l(HMbIM., H npHCBOIUI rpa<py U.enneJIHHY IIO'ieTHoe 3WUIHe .Be-
JIH'IaHWHH HeMel! XX BeKa..
fHH.l(eH6ypr: fpaQ> ll.enneJIIIH TO)f(e nOCeTHJI Hac B llJIecce. H Ha
Bcex Hac nO.l(eHCTBOBaJI TpOraTeJIbHOH npOCTOTOH CBoero 06panteHHH.
OH y)f(e TorJJ;a C'IHTaJI, 'ITO ero B03.l(YWHble Kopa6JIH YCTapeJIH AJIR
BOHHb!. no ero MHeHHIO, 6Y.l(ymee rOCnO.l(CTBO B B03.l(yxe npHHa)tJIe-
)KHT aaponJIaHY. fpa<t> YMep BCKope nOCJIe 3Toro nOCemeHHjI, .l(0 He-
C'IaCTHH CBoero OTeqeCTBa. C'IaCTJIHBbIH 'IeJIoBeKI.
t1AnJIbIfI1H CepreH AneKceeBH'I (1869-1942) - PYCCKHH Y1.Ie-
HbIH, O.l(HH H3 OCHOBOnOJIO)f(HHKOB aapO.l(HHaMHKH.
Eme oceHblO 1913 r. npH6JIH)f(eHHO peWHJI paHee CqHTaBlllYIOCH
HepaapelIIHMoH TpeXMepHYIO 33Jtaqy 0 KphIJIe KOHetIHOrO pa3Maxa. B
1914 r. ony6JIHKOBaJI CBOIO pa60TY TeopWl peWeT'IaTOrO KphIJIa , K
KOTOpoH 3apy6e)KHbIe yqeHbIe OTHeCJIHCb CKenTH'IeCKH. BnOCJIe.l(CTBHH
3aCJIYry C03ltaHHjI pa3pe3Horo KpbIJIa npHnHCaJIH HeMUY JIaxMaHY 11
aHrJIH'IaHHHY XaH.l(JIH neHJtiKY.
Bo BpeMH nepBoH MHpOBOH BOHHhI np0JJ;OJI)f(aJI pa3BHBaTb Teo-
pHIO KpbIJIa H.E. )l(YKoBcKoro, a TaIOKe 3aHjlJICjI H3yqeHHeM KpbIJla
MOHOnJIaHa. B pe3YJIbTaTe aToH pa60TbI eMY Y.l(aJIOCb C03ltaTb HaYKY 0
npOQ>HJIHX H YKa3aTb OCHOBIIbIe MeToltbI H3yqeHHjI HX pa60TbI.
· BCTpc14a rpacpa U.CIIIICJIHlIa c rHIIJ1CII6yproM COCTO JlaCb OCCliblO 1916 r.
ACbllIep80u MUP080U 80UHbl
679
AHaToJIHA: ,nOKyqAEB
.KpaCHaJl3Be3JJ;a., 9ceHTJlopJl1995 r.
POCCURCKUE B03,nYllIHbIE ACbI
nEPBOR MUPOBOR BoRHbI
1. IIlTa6c-KanHTaH AJleKCaHJ{p KaaaKoB 17 CaMOJIeTOB
2. IIlTa6c-KanHTaH EBrpa<p KpYTeHb 15
3. KanHTaH neTp ApreeB 15
4. JIeHTeHaHT A.n. CeBepcKHH 13
5. JIeHTeHaHT I1BaH CMHpHOB 12
6. JIeHTeHaHT MHxaHJI Ca<t>oHoB 11
7. KanHTaH BOpHC CeprneBcKHH 11
8. npanOpll.tHK 3.l{yapJt TOMCOH 11
9. Ilpanopll.tHK KOHcTaHTHH ApI!eYJIOB OKOJIO 10
B Ta6J1HI!e npHBeneHbI TOJIbKO nOnTBep)KJ(eHHWe n06enbI.
HeKoTophIe HCCJlenOBaTeJlH CtlHTaIOT, 'ITO pOCcHHcKHe JIeTtlHKH
n.MapHHoBHtI, B.<I>enopoB, 11.0pJlOB c6HJIH He MeHee 10 caMOJleTOB
npoTHBHHKa Ka:>KJ{bIH, a 3.nYJlbne, r.CYK, O.TeTep, 51. MaxJlaIlYY,
B..HHQeHKO H ellte OnMHHa.zu.taTb nHJlOTOB - He AleHee 5.
3APY6E)KHhIE B03 YIIIHbIE ACbI
nEPBOR MHPOBOR BoiiHbI
1. Cl>OHK (<I>paHUHH)
2. MaHIIoK (AHrJIHH)
3. EHwon (AHrJlHH)
4. Y,n:eT (fepMauHH)
5. MaH<t>pen H PHXTro<t>en (fepMauHH)
6. fHHeMep (CI>paHQHH)
7. MaK-K3MH (AHrJIHH)
8. JIeBellxapnT (repMaHHH)
9. <I>aJL7Iapn (AHrJlHH)
10. cI>occ (fepMaHHR)
11. PYMeH (repMaHHH)
12. BepTOJlb,n: (repMaHHH)
13. BeHMep (fepMauHH)
14. BaJIJI (AHfJIHH)
15. l-IcH)KeCCep (cI>paHI!HH)
16. JIe3ep (repMaHHH)
75 CaMOJIeTOB
73
72
62
60
54
54
53
48
48
45
44
43
43
43
41
680
A8UaZ4UJl BeJlU1COU 8oU1l'bl
17. MaaoH (<I>paHIUUI) 41
18. Ko6c (repMaHHJI) 41
19. EeJlbKe (repMaHHJI) 40
20. EpywoBcKHH (ABCTpHJI) 40
21. EJOxHep (repMaHHJI) 40
22. JIoTap <POH PHxTr<Xj>eH (repMaHHH) 40
23. MeHKro<P<t> (repMaHHJI) 39
24. fOHTepMaH (fepMaHHJI) 39
25. KonneHC (BeJlbrnH) 37
B aKTHBe aCOB - YHH'ITO)KeHHble caMOJleTbI H aapOCTaTbI npOTHB-
HHKa. Ha C'IeT HeKOTopblX J1eT'lHKOB 3aHeceHbl H HenO,ll:TBep)KJteHHbIe
B03,l1:YWHbIe n06eJ(bI.
113 6pHTaHCKHX aCOB B Ta6JIHue npMBe,ll:eHbI TOJIbKO aUrJIH'IaHe.
CllMOJlembl llep80U MUP080U 80U1lbl 681
CAMOJIEThI
llEPBOii MHPOBOit BoiiHbI
rEPMAHHB
AnbOaTpOC
Ha paHHeM 3Tane BOHHbI paapa60TaHHblH B KOIICTPYKTOPCKOM
61Opo <pHpMhI A1Ib6aT]>Oc <I>JIJOfQOHfnepK B 110xauHeWTaJIe 3pHCTOM
XeHllKeJleM, MHoroIteneBoII ,ltByxMecTlIblH 6l1nJlaH IIMeJl J1epeB HHbIii
<l>103eJl )K-nOJJYMOHOKOK C <l>aHepllOJI 06WHBKOH H xapaKTepnOH CTpe-
JlOBHJ1HOH <l>OpMOH onepeHH . KphIJlb C ,ltepeB HHhIM KapKaCOM, no-
1I0TlUUIOH 06wHBKOH H Me)KKphIJIheBbIMJI cToiiKaMJI 1t3 CTaJIbHbIX -rpy6
KanJleBHJ1HOrO Ce'leHWI.
TIepBbIM nO BHJlCjI TpeXCTOe'lHhIH .Anb6aTpoc B I., YCTaHoBHB-
WH:H JleTOM 1914 r.lIeCKOJlbKO aBHaQHOHHhlX peKOp,ltOB. 3a HUM noc-
Jle,nOBaJI B II - HecKOJIbKO MeHbWHX pa3MepOB C J1ByxcTOe\{UOH 6Hn-
JlaHIIOH Kop06KoH. MMeJIaCh TalOKe y\{e6UM MO.ltIl<l>HKa1lH B IIa. 06a
Tuna 6bIJIH npHWIThI Ha BoopY)KelUfe II BblUYCKaJlIlCb 1Ia 3aB0J1ax <pI1pM
Anb6aTpoc (BKJIIO'IaR <l>HJlHaJl OCTJ10HtJ AJlb6aTpOc BepK - OA W),
BaBaplllll <I>JIJOrltOHrBepK (BWF), AuuaTHK, KOJlJ1op, POJlaUJ1, Mcp-
KJOp H JIHIIKe- XoQxl>MaH.
TIHJlOT ClUteJl B 3aJtlfeH Ka6ulIe, a JleTna6 - B nepeJ1HeH. TIoCJIe,lt-
HHM CaMOJleTOM TaKoro THna CTaJI BIll, paapa60TauHbIH B KOHl.{e
1914 f. HH)KeHepOM llIy6epToM. BH3HTHOH KapTO'lKoH. llIy6epTa
RBJIRJlaCb oKpyrJICUI 4><>PMa cTa6HJIH3aTopoB. 3a OTHOClITeJlhHO He-
60JlbWUe paaMephl BIll 6hIJI npo3BaH <4foJly60ii MbIWbJO. (BJlay
Mayc). P33MemeHHe nJIJIOTa B 3a.z1HeH Ka6HHe 3aTpYJ1II JIO YCTanOB-
KY BoopY)KeHHJI, H B Ha'laJIe 1915 r. XeUHKeJlb pa3pa60TaJI MO,ltI1Q>U-
Kal.{HJO C I, B KOTOpOH JleT'IHK ClI,lteJl B nepeJ1lleii Ka6Hue, a JleTHa6
C nYJleMeTHoH -rype.1IblO - B 3aJ1lIeH. BOOPY)KCHHOH MOJ1HcpHKaUHeH
BIll CTaJI C III. 3TH CaMOJleThI wnpOKO npltMelUIJlI1Cb B Ka'leCTBe
paaBeJ1'1HKOB,1(O 1916 r. 6blJlH HaH60Jlee nonYJlRpHbIl\lJf KaK na 3a-
na,ltHOM, TaK H lIa BOCTOquOM <ppoHTax. Ha HOX JleTaJlH aBcTpHHcKHe
H 60JlrapCKHe JleT1JHnI. B POCCHH na3BaliHe <4Anb6aTpoc. J1IDKe CJ1e-
JlaJIOCh jlapHl.{aTeJlblIhIM. 3a nepBhIe J1Ba ro]ta BOllnbl 6bIJlO nocTpo-
eHO OKOJIO 2000 MamHH pa3HbIX MOJ1HcpHKal.{uii.
,l(BHraTeJIIt: Mepce,ltec., 100 UJI" 120 JI. C., .BeHJt. - 110 JI. C.
HJIH Apryc - 120 JI. C.; BIll H C III - Te)l(e J1BHraTeJIH OT 160 J!O
682
A8Uaf.4UR BeJluICou 80U:Hbl
180 ]I. C., a TalOKe aBCTpHHCKHH .Pann. - 150 JI. Coo BooPY)KeHHe: 1
TypeJIbHbIH .napa6eJIJIYM. HJIH CHHXpOHHhlH 411InaH){ay..
TT,l{ B I (C I): pa3MaX KpbIJIa - 14,5 M (12,9), IIJIOIl{ b - 44,2 M
KB. (40,4' , .lVIHHa - 8,6 M (7,8), B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 1080 Kr (1190), MaK-
CHMaJIbHCUI CKOpOCTb - 105 KM/'1aC (132), CKoponOt{'beMHOCTb Ha
BbICOTY 800 M - 10 MHH. (Ha BbICOT}' 1000 M - 6 MHH.), nOTOJIOK -
(3000) M.
B 1915 r. XeHHKeJIb nepemeJl H3 $HPMY faHaa-EpaH,ZteH6ypr H
t{aJIbHeHIlIHe paapa60TKH KOMnaHHH AJIb6aTpoc BeJIHCb IIOt{ PYKOBO.l(-
CTBOM HH)f(eHepOB llIy6epTa H TeJleHa. B Ha'laJIe 1916 r. OHH cnpoeK-
THpOBaJIH paaBet{'1HK C V, OCHOBHble OTJIH'lIDI KOToporo 33.KJIIO'IaJIHCb
B 60JIee MOIl{HOM MOTope H Y JIyqIlIeHHoH a3pOt{HHaMHKe, IlIHpoKoro
paCIIpOCTpaHeHHR He nOJlY'IHJI H3-3a MaJIOH H e)KHOCTH, n03t{Hee
BbIIIYIl{eHa HeCKOJIbKO Y .11)''1 IlIeH HCUI MOt{H HKanHR C V /17.
OceHblO 1916 r., YCTaHOBHB 60JIee CHJIbHbIH H Ha.zte)KHbIH t{BHfa-
TeJIb . EeHU»- (200 JI. c.), BbInYCTHJIH MOt{H$HKaUHIO C VII (60JIee 600
MallIHH). nepBbIe H3 HHX nOnaJIH Ha $poHT B t{eKa6pe 1916 f., a Y)Ke K
$enpaJIlO 1917 r. HX HaC'ITbIBaJIOCb 60JIee 350 3K3eMMRpOB; BXOt{HJIH
B 60JIbllIHHCTBO repMaHCKHX pa3Bet{bIBaTeJIbHbIX aBHanot{pa3t{eJIeHHH.
CaMOJIeT OTJIHt{aJICjI npocToTOH ynpaBJIeHHjI H JIerKOCTblO IIOCa.l(-
KH; 0 HeM rOBOpHJIH, tITO ltJIjI ero nOC KH ltOCTaTO'lHO JlHllIb BbIKJlIO-
'1MTb t{BMraTeJIb.
Ha aana.ztHOM Q>pOHTe C lIa'laJIa 1917 r. nOjlBHJIaCb MOt{HQ>HKaUH$I
C VIII (HJIM N-1), npet{CTaBJIjlBllICUI: C060H TpeXCTOeqHyro 6HIIJIaH-
HYIO Kopo6KY C 3JIepOHaMH Ha KpbIJIbjlX. 3Ta MOltHQ>HKaUH$I HCnOJIb-
30BaJIaCb B KaqeCTBe HOqHOrO 60M6apt{HpOBIl{HKa.
,l{BHraTeJIb: 4Mepcet{ec 0 IV. - 220 JI. c. (C V) WIH .EeHl{ IV. -
200 ]I. c. (C VII). BOOPY)KCHHe: 1 TypeJIbHbIH .napa6eJIJlYM. HJIH 1
CHlIXpOHIIbIM .1lInaHltay.; C VIII - t{0 300 Kr 60M6.
TT,l{ C V: pa3Max KpbIJIa - 12,6 M, nJlOIl{a.l(b - 43,4 M KB., t{JlH-
na - 8,9 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 1585 Kr, MaKCHMaJIbHaR CKOpOCTb - 170
KM/qaC, CKOpOIIot{'beMHOCTb Ha BhICOTY 1000 M - 8 MUH, IIOTOJIOIC -
4800 M.
K HaqaJIY 1917 r., YCTaHoBHB t{BHraTeJIb .Mepcet{ec. B 260 JI. C.,
BblnYCTHJIH eme Ot{HY MOt{H$HKaUHIO - C X, OHa OTJIHqaJIaCb T3K)f(e
YBeJIHqeUHblM pa3MaXOM KpbIJIbeB H H3MeHeHHOH <I>oPMOH 3aKOH110-
BOK. ]10 OKTjl6pjl 1917 r. Ha 3aIIa.l(HhlH <ppOHT nocTynHJIO He Mellee
300 MalliHII TaKoro THna. HCIIOJlb30BaJIHCb B Ka'leCTBe pa3Be.l(t{HKon.
BeplUlfHoii pa3BIITHjI ltBYXMeCTHbIX 4A1Ib6aTpocoB CTaJla MO,ZtH-
cpHKal.(Uji C XII, C03t{aHHCUI B cepet{HHe 1917 r. <I>103eJIjI)(( - KJIeeHblH
MOJlOKOK OBaJIbHOrO CeqeHIDI H pa.l(lfaTOp, BnHcaulIbIH B KOHTYP Bepx-
CQ.M,Ollembl IIep80u MUP080U 80Ullbl 683
Hero KpbIJIa, C03naBaJIH MHHHMaJIbHOe JI060BOe conpOTHBJIeHHe. Ero
MaKCHMaJIbHaH CKOpOCTb nOCTHraJIa 210 KM/tIac. K HenOCTaTKaM OT-
HOCHJIOCb OTCYTcTBHe B03MO)KHOCTH 6paTb 60M60BYIO HarpY3KY.
TT,lJ:: pa3MaX KpbIJIa - 14,37 M, nJIHHa - 8,5 M, nJIOIllanb KpbIJIb-
eB - 38,5 M KB., B3JIeTHbIH Bec - OKOJIO 1640 Kr, CKOpOCTb MaKCHMaJIb-
HCUI - 175.KM/tIaC (c MOTOpOM Mepcenec IV A. ), cKOpOnOn'beMHOCTb
4,7 M/c, npaKTHtIeCKHH nOTOJIOK - 6500 M (c MOTOpOM .EeHU IV ).
HecKonbKo n03J1Hee 6bIJIa TalOKe BbInymeHa MonH<pHKaUWI C XV,
60JIee npOCTaj{ B npOH3BonCTBe H c 60JIee MOll{HbIM nBHraTeJIeM
.. BeHn.. Ho 3TOT CaMOJIeT npaKTHtIeCKH He ycneJI npHH$lTb yqaCTHj{ B
60eBbIX ,zteHCTBHj{X.
napaJIJIeJIbHO pa3BHBaJIaCb H npyrCUI BeTBh paspa60ToK. B 1916 r.
BblnymeH .AJIb6aTpOc D I. - neJIhHOnepeBj{HHbIH 0,ltHOCTOeqUhU1
6HnnaH co cMewaHHoH 06WHBKOH. <I>J03eJIJI)K - <paHepHbIH nOJIYMO-
HOKOK, KpbIJIhj{ H onepeHHe nOKpbITbI nOJIOTIlOM. ABTOp npoeKTa -
wecJ>- KOHCTpYKTOp HoxaHHeWTaJIbCKOH <pHpMbI Anh6aTpoc <I>JIIOntOH-
r»epK fMBX P06epT TeneH npH yqacTHH HH)J(eHepOB llIy6epTa H fHCH-
,ztHHra. nCpBblH nOJleT - B Mae 1916 r. CepHHHoe npon3BOnCTBO paa-
BepH}'TO B HIOJIe, a B ceHTj{6pe nepBaH 3CKa.ltpHJIb$l OTnpaBJIeHa na 3a-
nanHbIH cJ>POHT. B TOM )Ke MeCj{ne nOj{BHJIaCb MonH<t>HKauU$I 0 II C
nOHH)I(eHHblM ,l{JIj{ YJIytIllIeHHj{ 0630pa BepXHHM KpbIJIOM. Bcero no.
CTpoeHO 50 .A.nb6aTpocoB. 0 I H 275 - 0 II.
,lJ:BHraTeJIb: .Mepce,ztec 0 III - 160 JI. c. BoopY)KeHlIe: 2 CHHX-
pOHHbIX nYJIeMeTa LMG 08/15 .Illn ay .
TT,lJ: 0 I (0 II): paaMax Kpbma - 8,5 M, nJIHUa -7,4 M, IIJIOIllanb
KpblnbeB - 24,9 M KB., B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 921 (898) Kf, CKOpOCTb MaK-
CHMaJIbHCUI - 165 KM/tIac, CKopono,zt'beMIIOCTb na BbICOTY 2000 M -
9,5 MI1H.(9 MHH. 10 c), npaKTHlJeCKHH nOTOJIOK - 5200 M.
BecHoH 1917 r. 3aMeHeHbI MonH<pHKa:QHCH 0 III, pa3pa60TaHHoH
TeJIeHOM B CeHT$l6pe 1916 r. H 3anYll{eHHOH B cepHHHoe npOH3BO,lt-
CTBO B OKT$l6pe. Ha cl>POHT HaqaJI JIOcTynaTb C neKa6p$l 1916 r. B Ha-
tIaJIe 1917 r. K BblnycKY MamHHhI npHcTynnna <pHpMa OAW B Illueil-
neMIOJIe. Bcero nocTpocHO 1340 CaMOJIeTOB.
YMeHbmeua IIJIOll{a,ltb KpbLJIbeB,ltO 20,86 M KB. H YBeJIH1JeHa MOIll-
HOCTb nBHraT JI$I no 180 JI. c.; YBeJIHt{HJIHCb nOTOJIOK no 5500 M Ii CKO-
pononbeMHOCTb, MaKCHMaJIbHasI CKOpOCTb OCTaJIaCb npC)KHeH.
K MapTY 1917 r. COCTaBJIj{JI 2/3 CaMOJIeTHOrO napKa repMaHcKoH
HCTpe6HTeJIhHOH aDHa:QHH; aKTHBHO npHMeH$lJIC$I Ha Bcex <ppOHTax.
O,ltHaKO y)Ke B anpeJIe 3Toro rona 6bIJI CHHT C cepHiiHoro npOH3BOnCTBa.
B 1917 r. BbInYIllen 4AJIb6aTpoc 0 V., pa3pa60TaHHbIH TaJIe-
HOM B MapTe 1917 r. OT JIlItIaJIC$I H3MeneHHoII <}>opMoii XBOCTOBoro
684
A8Uat4UJl BeJlUKOU 80UHbl
onepeHHH, OBaJ1bHhIM CeqeHHeM <p103em1)1(3 H 06JIeNeHHOH KOHCTpYK-
UHeH nJIaHepa. B CepHHHOM npOH3BO CTBe C anpeJUI 1917 r. B aBrycTe
nOHBHJIaCb Cy6MO H<pHKa1UUI .0 Va. C nOBbIweHHoH IIpOtJHOCTblO
KpbIJIbeB. CepHHHbIH BbInyCK npO OJDKaJICR o BeCHbI 1918 r. Bcero
nOCTpoeHO 900 CaMOJIeTOB 0 V H 1662 - 0 Va. t{BHraTeJlb H BOOpy-
)KeHHe H eHTHtJHbI npe bI YIIUfM MO H<pH HHM. 06JIerqeHHe KOH-
CTpYKIUiH npHBeJlO K MHOrOqHCJIeHHbIM KaTacTpo<paM.
B <peBpaJIe 1917 r. nOCTpoeH pa3pa60TaHHbIH BeHcKoH <pHpMOH
OcreppeHXHllI <l>JIIOntoHrQ>a6pHK Af (Oa<I><Par) .AnhoaTpoc DIll -
Oa<l»<I»ar-.. EJIarO apH 60JIee MOW,HOMY MOTOpy IIpeBOCXOJ{HJI CBOH
npOTOTHII. TIocJle JJ;Opa60TKH CTaJI Jl)"IWHM HCTpe6HTeJleM AncTpo-
BeHrepcKoH HMIIepHH. HatJaJI nocryIIaTb Ha cppOHT B Mae, IlIMpOKO
npMMeIDIJlC C JleTa 1917 r. H o KOHua BOHHbI Ha HTaJlb HCKOM cppoHTe.
t{BHraTeJlb: «ABCTpO- t{aHMJIep>.> 185 JI. c. (cepIDI 53) - 45 MaIIIHH,
C J{BHraTeJleM «ABCTpo-t{aHMJlep. 200 JI. c. (cepHR 153) - 280 Ma-
WHH, C cpOpcHpoBaHHbIM BHraTeJIeM J{O 245 JI. c. (cepH 253) - 201
MaWHHa. BooPY)KeHHe: 2 CHHXPOHHbIX «IllBapUJI03e».
TTt{ 0 III (Oef): pa3Max KpbIJIa - 9 M, I1JIOW.a.ztb - 20, 64 M KB,
J{JIHHa - 7, 35 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 964 (1005) Kf, CKoponOJ{'beMHOCTb
Ha BbICOTY 2000 M - 5 MHH. 55 C (5 MIIH. 15 c), Ha BbICOTY 3000 M -
10,25 (9,25) MMH, Ha BbICOTY 5000 M - 21 MHH. 40 C (20 MHH. 15 c),
MaKCHMaJIhHaJI CKOpOCTb - 188 (202) KM/qac.
TaIOKe IIpHHHMaJI yqaCTHe B 60eBblx J!eHcTBHRX C 1916 r.
AnboaTpoc W -4 -oJ{HoMecTHbIM 6HIIJIaH, C OJ{HMM MOTOpOM
«MepceJ{ec DIll; pa3MaX KpbIJlbeB - 9,5 M, nJIOmaJ{b - 31,6 M KB.,
J{JJHHa 8,5 M, B3J1eTHbIH Bec - 1070 Kf, MaKCHMaJlbHaR CKOpOCTb -
158 KM/qaC, CKOpOIIOJ{'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 1000 M - 5 MHH., nOTO-
JlOK - 3000 M; BoopY)KeHHe - 1- 2 "Y JleMeTa.
AnbOaTpOC D-5 - C 1917 r., HIIJlaH, C OJ{HHM MOTOpOM «Mepce-
J{ec. DIll; pa3Max KpbIJlbeB - 9 M, nJIOmaJ{b - 20,9 M KB., JlHHa -
7,36 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 915 Kr, MaKCHMaJlbHCUI CKOpOCTb - 170 KM/
'lac, CKoponOJ{'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 2000 M - 8 MHH. 50 c; BOOpY)KC-
HHe - 2 ny JIeMeTa.
<l>oKKep
«C1>oKKcp aHH eKKep. - pact{aJIOqHbIH MOHOIIJIaH cMewaHHoi-'1
KOHcrpYKUHH C IIOJIOTI:UIHOH 06WHBKOH. C1>103eJIR)K H onepeHMe CBap-
HbIe H3 CTaJIbHbIX Tpy6, KpbIJIO epeB HHoe. Pa3pa60TaH PYKOBO H-
TeJleM <pHpMbI <l>oKKep AapOIIJIaH6ay fMEX SHTOHH C1>oKKepoM npM
yqaCTHH HIDKeHepa PeHHOJIbJ{a TIJIaTl1a Ha 6a3e <PpaHUY3cKoro MOHO-
IIJIaHa -« MopaH G».
CaMOllembl llep80U .MUP080U 80Ullbl 685
IIepBoHatIaJIbHO C03,naBaJICJI KaK MHOrOneJIeBOH HeBooPY)KCHHbIH
CaMOJIeT no,n 0603HatIeHHeM M5K. BnepBbIe npe,nCTaBJIeH KaK HCTpe-
6HTeJIb 23 MCUI 1915 r. C uatIaJIa HIOHj{ 3Toro ro,na Ha BoopY)KeHHH. B
cepHHHoM BbInYCKe Ha 3aBo,ne B HoxaHHeHIlITaJIe ,no anpeJIJI 1916 r.
Bcero nOCTpoeHO 415 MallIHH B 4-x MO,l(H<pHKaI1HJlX. TIepBbIH B MHpe
HCTpe6HTeJIb, BooPY)I(eHHbIH KypCOBbIM CHHXpOHHbIM opY)I(HeM. Ha
3anaJ(HOM <ppoHTe - ,no CepeltHHbI 1916 r., B TYPI1MM H TIaJIeCTHHe -
)10 ,neKa6pj{ 1916 r. Ha BOCTOtIHOM <ppoHTe BCTpetIaJICJI H B 1917 r. 6
3K3eMnJIJlpOB 6bIJIH npO)1aHbI ABCTPO- BeHrpHH, 22 - TYPUHH, 3 -
60JIrapHH.
,l!BHraTeJIb: 06epypCeJIb U 0 - 80 JI. c. (MO)1M<pMKaI1Hj{ E- I),
U I - 100 JI. c. (MO.lJ.H<pHKaI1MJI E- II H E- III), U III - 160 JI. c. - .lJ.BYX-
pJlltHbIH BoceMHaJJ.uaTHI1HJIHH.l1POBbIH pOTaTlfBHbIH (MO.l1u<pHKaIl.HJI
E-IV). BoopY)I(eHHe: 2 CHHXPOHHbIX nYJIeMeTa LMG 08/15.
TT,lJ:: p33Max KpbIJIa - 9,52 M, nJIOma,n,b - 14 M KB., .l1.7lHHa - 7,2 M,
B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 610 Kr, CKOpOCTb MaKCHMaJIbHCUI - 140 KM/llac, no-
TOJIOK 3500 M.
BecHoH 1916 r. HatIaTa paapa60TKa npoeKTa no.l1 <pa6PHtIHbIM 060-
3HatIeHHeM M-19 MO)1H<pHKaI1HJI D II M DIll - o,nHOMeCTHOrO.l1BYX-
CTOetIHOrO 6MnJIaHa. McnbITaHlfJl B aBrycTc 1916 r. TIepBaR cepHi1HaR
MallIHHa npH6bIJIa Ha <ppOHT 1 CeHTJl6pJl 1916 r. CepHHHbIH BbInYCK
npo,noJI)KaJIcJI.l1o <peBpaJIR 1917 r. Bcero nOCTpoeno 120 MallIHH 0 II
H 153 - 0 III. IIoJlBHJICR o,ltHOBpeMeHHO C -«Anb6aTpocoM D I , KO-
TOPOMY YCTYUaJI. K MapTY 1917 r. B CTpOIO OCTaJIOCb TOJIbKO 10 Ma-
1IIHH; BnOCJIe,nCTBHH HX npo,naJIM fOJIJIaH,l(HH.
TIoTOJIOK - 4720 M, MaKCHMaJIbHaR CKOpOCTb - 160 KM/tIac., pa3-
Max KpblJIbeB - 9,04 M, .l1JIHHa - 6,29 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 708 Kr.
BecHoH 1917 r. cnpoeKTMpOBaH O.l1HOCTOCtIHbIH 6e3paCQaJIOtIIIbIH
TpHnJIaH cMewaHHoH KOHCTPYKl!HH C nOJIOTHJlHOH 0611IHBKOH, no.l1
BJIHJlHHeM Tpo<peHHoro TpHnJIaHa COnBHtI . OTJIHtIaJIC.SI OT CBoero
npOTOTHna MeTaJIJIHQeCKHM KapKacoM <p103eJIJI)Ka (cBapHaJI <pepMa M3
TPy6) H KpbIJIbJlMH TOJICTOrO npo<t>HJI.SI 6e3 napY)I(HbIX paClfaJIOK. fJIaB-
HbIH KOHCTPYKTOp PeMHOJIb.l1 TIJIaTI1.
TIpoToTHn no.l1 0603HaQeHHeM <DoKKep V4 06JIeTaH B HIOHe
1917 r. TIepBbIe .l1Ba 3K3eMnJIJlpa ycnelliHo npOIliJIH HcnbITaHMj{ Ha
3ana,n,HOM <ppoHTe B aBrycTe. B OKTJl6pe nocTynUJI ua BoopY)I(eHMe
SCKaJ(pbI PHxTro<peHa, nOCJIe qero CTaJI nocTynaTb H B .l1Pyrne nO.l1paa-
,lteJIeHHJI. Bcero BblnymeHo 320 MallIHH Dr.I.
<l>oKKep Dr-I (.npaii.neKKep) - 0.l1HOMeCTHbu1 TpHnJIaH, C O.l1-
HHM MOTOpOM -«06epyceJIb» UR II; pa3Max KpbIJIbeB - 7,19 M,
6,225 M H 5,725 M, nJIOll!aJ(b - 18,66 M KB., .lJ.JIHHa - 5,77 M, CYXOH
686
A8ua USl BellUKOU 80U1lbl
Bec - 406 Kr, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 586 Kr, MaKCHMaJIbHIDI CKOpOCTb -
165 KM/1IaC, cKoporro.n;'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOry 1000 M - 2,9 MHH., Ha
BbICOTY 2000 M - 6 MHH. 5 c; rrOTOJIOK - 6000 M; BoopY)f(eHHe - 2
CHHXPOHHbIX ny JIeMeTa.
06JI3,l{IDI xopoweH cKoporro.n;'beMHOCTbIO H YHHKaJIbHOH MaHeB-
peHHocTblO, B TO )f(e BpeMH 6bIJI CJIO)f(eH B nHJIOTHpOBaHHH H onaceH
.n;JIH nHJIOTOB HH3KOH KBaJIH<pHKaUHH. B JJ;eKa6pe 1917 r. 6bIJIH 3anpe-
ll(eHbI rrOJIeTbI H3-3a BbUlcHHBweHcR B pe3Y JIbTaTe HeCKOJIbKHX KaTa-
CTpO<p He.n;ocTaT01IHOH rrp01IHOCTH KpbIJIbeB. Qepe3 MeCHU BepHY JICH
Ha <ppOHT C YCHJIeHHbIM KpbIJIOM.
H3JI106JIeHHaR MallIHHa repMaHcKHx aCOB.
B .n;eKa6pe 1917 r. paapa60TaH O.n;HocTOe1IHbIH 6e3paC1IaJI01IHbIH
6HnJIaH cMellIaHHoH KOHCTPYKUHH C rrOJIOTHHHOH 06llIHBKOH D VI, H
rrapaJIJIeJIbHO D VII.
nepBble nOJIeTbI B MapTe 1918 r. IIepBbIH cepHHHbIH SK3eMnJIRp
D VI BblnYIUeH 26 anpeJIH. Bcero CJJ;eJIaHO 59 MaWHH. I1crroJIb3oBa-
JIHCb 60JIbllIeH 1IaCTblO B Y1Ie6HbIX ueJlRX, HeKOTopble nocTynHJIH Ha
cppOHT, 7 MallIHH npo.n;aHo ABcTpo- BeHrpHH. IIocTpoHKa MO.n;H<pHKa-
UHH D VII Ha1IaJIaCb B ceHTR6pe 1917 r. 28 RHBapR 1918 f. STOT THn
no6e.n;HJI Ha KOHKypce rrepCneKTHBHbIX Mo.n;eJIeH HCTpe6HTeJIeH B AJ1.-
JIepcxo<t>e. C <peBpaJIH paaBepHyro cepHHHoe npoH3Bo.n;CTBO <pHpMa-
MH <I>oKKep H A71b6aTpoc. JJ:0 KOHua BOHHbI nOCTpoeHO 3100 MaIlIHH.
C OKTR6pR 1918 r. no JIHueH3HH Ha1IaJI BblrrYCKaTbCR neHrepcKoH <pHp-
MOM MAG, r.n;e npOH3Be.n;eno 50 MaIlIHH, BOllIe.n;IlIHX B CTpOH Yjf(e noc-
JIeOKOH1IaHHRBoAHW.
MHOrHMH HCCJIe.n;OBaTeJUlMH C1IHTaeTCH JI)"IIlIHM HCTpe6HTeJIeM
llepBoH MHpOBOH BOHHbI.
l{BHraTeJlb: «Mepce.n;ec D III -160JI. c. HJlli BMW -Ilia -185 JI. C.
(OKOJIO 600 MaIlIHH). BOOp}')KeHHe: 2 CHHXpOHHbIxLMG08/15 «IIInaH-
.n;ay .
TT l{: pa3Max KpbIJIa - 8,9 M, nJIOIU3,l{b - 20,5 M KB., .n;JIHHa -
6,95 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 880 Kr, MaKCHMaJIbHIDI CKOpOCTb - 200 KM/
1Iac, cKoponoJJ;'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 2000 M - 4 MHH.( <l>aKTH1IeCKH -
6 MHH.), Ha BbICOTY 5000 M - 14 MHH. (<paKTH1IeCKH - 16 MHII.), no..
TOJIOK - 6400 M.
27 MIDI 1918 r. nnepBbIe rrpOJJ;eMOHCTpHpOBaH Ha KOHKypce I1C-
Tpe6HTeJIeH B MJIepcxo<pe 4(!)oKKep E V /D VIII. - 6e3paClIaJI01I-
HbIH MOHOIIJIaH-napaCOJIb cMellIaHHoH KOHCTPYKUHH. C 3 HIOJIH 1I0 24
ceHTH6pR B cepHHHoM npOH3Bo.n;CTBe. C 24 CeHl'R6pR Ha1IaT BwnYCK
MO.n;H<pHKaUI1H C YCHJIeHHbIM KpbIJIOM. Bcero nOCTpoeHO 139 MaIllHH
06CHX MO.n;H<pHKaUHH.
CaMOllembl llep80U .MUP080U 80UUbi 687
B BOHCKax C HaqaJIa aBrycTa 1918 r. TIocJIe DoflHbI - B rOJIJlaH-
JtHll H nOJIhwe.
TT t1: pa3Max KpbIJIa - 8,4 M, .nJIHHa - 5,86 M, nJIOm3nb KpblJIb-
CD - 10,7 M KB., B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 565 Kr, CKOpOCTb MaKCHMaJlbHCUI -
185 (204) KM/lJaC, CKopono.n'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 2000 M - 5 MHH. 5 c,
npaKTHttecKHH nOTOJIOK - 6300 M.
AuHaTHK
repMaHcKa <pHpMa AYToM06HJIYHJJ;-ABHaTMK H3 MIOJIhxayaeHa
(3JIh3ac) BhlnYCTIIJIa B 1914-1916 fr. IICCKOJIbKO THflOB MHOrOl.\eJIe-
BbIX BoeHHbIX aapOnJIaHOB, npe.ncTaBJI BWHX c060ii OCTpoHocble
6HnJIaHbl C T HymHM BHHTOM H pjlJJ;HblM MOTOpOM Bo,n Horo OXJIIDK-
.l1eHH . nepBbIM He3a.nonro.no BOi'UlbI nO BHJICjI ABl\aTHK B-I (3a-
BO,nCKOC 0603HaqeHHC P.15A) - JJ;ByxMecTllblH aapOfiJIaH C JJ;BYX HJlM
TpeXCTOe'lHOH 6HnJIaHHOH Kopo6KOH 6e3 BooPY)l(eHI1 . n pHMCII J1Cn
B KaqeCTBe pa3Be.n'lHKa Ha 3anaJJ;HOM H BOCTOqHOM <ppoHTax JJ;O Haqa-
JIa 1915 r. Oc06eHHo OT JUllJaJIC HpKO BblpIDKCHHOii CTpeJlOBJUUIOCTblO
KphIJlbeB, YHaCJIeJJ;OBaUHOH OT .nOBoeHHbIX paapa60ToK.
CJIe.nYIOIl1eH Mo.nH<pHKallHeH CTaJI B-II ( 15B), OTJIHqaBIlIHHCjI
60Jlee MOIUHbIM MOTOpOM.
OceHblO 1914 r. npe.nnpHjlTUe, OKa3aBWeeCjI B nplI<ppoHTOBOii
DOJIOCe, 6bIno aBaKyHpoBano BO <1>paii6ypr, fJJ;e B naqaJIe 1915 r. 6bIJIa
BbInymeHa HOBaR MO.l1H<I>HKaltHR C- I (P.25), nepBM MaWHua C BO-
0PY)KCHHeM. JIeTHa6 p33Menta7ICjI B nepeJJ;HeH Ka6HHe, nJlJIOT - B 3aJJ;-
HeH. OJJ;HH HJIM JJ;Ba nYJIeMeTa YCTaUaBJJHBaJIHCb na CIICU;HaJILHbIX
KpoHwTeHHax C peJIbCOBblMH flanpaBJI I011UfMH BJJ;OJlh 60pTOB <p103e-
JIjI)Ka. KOIICTPYKltH Ha npaKTHKe nOKa3aJIa ce6j1l1eYJJ;o6HOH II He ra-
paHTMpOBaBweii OT npocrpeJIHBaHHH C06CTBCHllblX KphlJIbeB H pacqa-
nOK.
BnOCJIeJJ;CTBHH JIeTHa6a H nHJIOTa nOMeHjlJIH MeCTaMH H YCTaIIO-
BHJIH B 3a,ltHeH Ka6HHe KOJIbu;eBYIO nYJIeMeTHYJO TYpeJJb III HelI.nepa.
3Ta MOJJ;H<pHKaIU1 , BhIIIYCKaBWaRCH cepUHHO 1Ia aaBOJJ;ax <}>UpM ABHa-
THK H XanHOBepliW BaroU<pa6pHK HMeJIa 0603UaqeHHe C- la.
B 1915 r. 6bIJIa pa3pa6oTaHa MOJJ;H<pHKaIUfjl C-III, OTnJllJaBllJa -
C YJIyqWeHIlOH aapOltHHaMHKoH; 60JIee oKpyrJIOH HOCOBOM 'IaCTblO,
3aKphITOH: KOKOM BTY J1KOH DHHTa Ii BnHcaHllblM B KOHTYP ncpXHcro
KphIJla pa,ltHaTopOM.
tJ:ne IIOCJIeJJ;HHe MO.nH<pHKaU;MH lICnOJIb30BanJlCb Ha Bcex <pPOH-
Tax JJ;O 1916 r. .ltJl 6JIHjf(Hei'I pa3Be KII, KoppeKTHponaHH apTOrH ](
60M6ap.A H pOBKH n03HQHH npOTMBHHlGt B KOHl(e 1916 r. D OCHOBHOM
6bIJlli CH.HTbI C BoopY)KeUHjI.
688
A8ua UJl BellUKOU 80Ullbl
)!BHraTeJIb: MepceJ1ec 100 JI. c. (B-1), 120 JI. c. (B-II), 160 JI. c.
(C-I, C-Ia, C-III). BooPY)KeHHe: 1 rypeJIbHbIH .rrapa6eJIJIYM , J10 60
Kr 60M6.
TT)! C... Ia: pa3MaX KpbIJIa - 12,5 M, rrJIOm;a.n;b - 43 M KB., J1JIH-
Ha - 8,1 M, CYXOH Bec - 750 Kr, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 1242 Kr, MaKCHMa.nb-
HCUI CKOpOCTb - 142 KM/qaC, cKOpOrrOJ1'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOry 1000 M -
12 MHH., IIOTOJIOK - 4800 M.
PYMDJIep
l{ByxMecTlIbIH MHOrOueJIeBOH 6HIIJIaH CMeII1aHHOH KOHCTPYKUHM.
CrrpoeKTHpoBaH B 1914 r. BJIaJ(eJIbueM H rJIaBHbIM KOHCTPYKTOPOM
<pHpMbI PYMIIJIep <I>JIIOIi!OHrBepKJ10KTOpOM 3J1MYHJtOM PYMnJICpoM.
3a OCHOBY B3HT cp103eJIH)f( MOHOIIJIaHa .PYMIIJIep-Tay6e . EbIJI IIpH-
HHT na BoopY)KellHe rro,n; HH,n;eKCOM B-1 (3aBoJ{cKoe 0603UaqeHHe 4A)
H 3an)'Il.!en B CcpHHHoe IIpOH3B0J1CTBO Ha cpHpMax PYMnJIep H I1cpaJIbI .
Bcero 6blJIO rrOCTpoeHO 198 MaIlIHH. I1pHMeH.sIJIC.sI B 1914-1915 rr. Ha
3arraJ(HOM H DOCTOqHOM cppoHTax.
B HaqaJIe 1915 r. rrOHBHJIaCb MOJ1HcpHKaUWl C-I C rrYJIeMeTOM B
3aJ(HeH Ka6HHe If 160-CHJIbHbIM MOTOpOM, a 3aTeM C- Ia co 180-CHJIb-
HbIM MOTOpOM. 06e 3TH Mo,n;HcpHKaUHH BbIrrYCKaJIHCb cepHHHO J10 OK-
TH6p.sI 1916 r. na cpHPMax PYMIIJIep, MFW (MapKHllI <I>JIlOruoHrBepK),
ARF (Anb6epT PHHH cDJIlOrUOHrnepK), fepMaHH.sI H I1cpaJIhU, a TaK)f(e
B 6aBapcKoM <pHJIHaJIe CPHPMbI PYMrrJIep (fiaifpy).
Ha <PpOHT rrOCT)'rrHJIO OKOJIO 1000 MaIlIHH, qaCTb HX IIpo,n;ep)Ka-
JIaCb,n;o 1918 r.
l{aJIbHeHIlIHM pa3BHTHeM arrrrapaTa CTa.n:a MOJ1lfcpHKaI (HH C- I I I,
OT JIHqaBIlIMCH Y JIyqIlIelIHoH a3pOJ1HHaMHKoH, 60JIee MOIII.HbIM MOTO-
pOM, CHHXpOHHbIM rry JIeMeTOM H 60M60BOH KaCCeTOH B cPI03eJI.sI:>Ke. 3TO
6bIJI B BoeHHOM OTHOllleHHH YHHBepcaJIbHbIH arrrrapaT, cIIoc06HbIH Bbl-
cTyrraTb B JII060H pOJIH OT HCTpe6HTeJIH J10 60M6apJ1HpOBIII.HKa. 1l0cT-
poello Bcero 75 MaIlIHH TaKOrO THna. 3Ta MOJ1H<pHKattHH 6blJIa 3aMene-
Ha eIl{e 60JIee YCOBepIlIeHCTBOBaHHbIM 06pa3uOM C- IV, OCnall1.eHHhIM
caMblM MOll1.HbIM Ha TOT MOMeHT B fepM3HHH 260-CHJIbHbIM aBHallHOH-
HbIM J1BHrdTeJIeM. CaMOJIeT OTJIHqa.nCH TaIOKe YCHJIeHHOH CTPYKTYPOH:
IIJlaHepa H 3JIepOHaMH C porOBOH a3p0J1HHaMHQecKo}i KOMneHcaUHeM.
3Ta MOJ1HcpUKaUH.sI BbIrrYCKaJIaCb B TeqeHHe 1917 r. cpHpMaMI1
PYMIIJIep, EaHPY H fepMaHHH. Ha BOCTOqHbIH <ppOHT OHa rrorra.na JlHlllh
HaKanYHe 3aBepIlICHIDI 60eBbIX ,n;eHCTBHH. AKTHBHO UCilOJIb30BaJIaCb
BO <I>paHllHH, B I1a.neCTHHe, B CeBepHOH Yf TaJIHH. C- IV no MHelUUO
IIHJIOTOB AHTaHTbI CQHTaJICH O,n;HHM H3 caMbIX TPYJ1HOC6uBaCMbIX npo-
TJlBHI1KOB.
CaMOJlembl IIep80u MUP080U 80U1lbl 689
,l{JUI BhlnOJIHeHHH aa,zJ;aq cTpaTernqeCKOH <poTOpa3Be,ll,KJ1 PYMnJIep
YCTaHOBHJI Ha C-IV MOTOp MaM6ax fepMaHCKoro npOH3Bo.n;CTBa,
06JIa,zJ;aBIlIMM nOBbIllIeHHOM CTerrelIhlO C)KaTMH. EJIaro,lJ.ap 3TOMY npaK-
TMqeCKMH nOTOJIOK MallIMHhI OCTMf peKOp,lJ.HOM no TeM npeMeHaM Be-
JIMqHHhI - 7300 M. ,l{JUI pa60ThI Ha TaKOM BhICOTe fII1JIOT M JIeTHa6 6bIJUI
cHa6)KeHbI KHCJIOpO,lJ.HOH MaCKOH M KOM6HHe30HaMI1 C 3JICKTpOo6or-
peBOM. <I>oTOC'beMKa OCYllteCTBJIHJlaCb aBTOMaTJ1tIeCI(OJl q)OTOl(aMepoi-i
repu: C 3JIeKTpOnpMBOJ{OM. aTa MO,lJ.M<pHI(al!H nOJIY'-II1JIa o603Ha-
qeHHe C- VI I - Py6UJIh,lJ. (PYMIIJIep-Q>oTorpacp). aTM MaUlUHbl, IIC,lJ.O-
cT)'nHhle ,lJ.JI.H 3eUMTOK M MCTpe6MTeJIeH, ltOCTaBJIHJIM D rcpMaHCI(I1C
IllTa6hI HeMaJIO u:eHHoM HH<popMal!HII. Ho ::>TO uPOUCXO,ll,UJlO Y)Ke II
1I0CJIeJ{HMe He,lJ.CJIM BoihlbI M Ha <pone 06ll.(ej;'I KaTacTpoq>bI He MOrJIO
MMeTb pellIalOlI ero 3HatIeHM .
,l{BHraTeJIh: Mepce,lJ.ec» 100 JI. c. (B-1), 160 JI. c. (C-I), 260 JI. c.
(C- IV), Mali6ax 180 JI. c. (C-Ia), 240 JI. c. (C- VII), fiCHl(» 220 JI. c.
(C-III). BooPY)KeUHe: 1 CHIIXpOHHbIii IllnaHltay 11 1 TypeJIhHhlii
rIapa6eJIJIYM (C-III, C-IV), TOJIbKO TypeJlblIbIii (C-I, C-VII), JI0
100 Kr 60M6.
Tl"l{ C- IV: pa3Max KphIJIa - 12,7 M, nJIOll.(a,zJ;b - 930 M Kn., J{JIH-
Ha - 8,4 M, CYXOH Bec - 930 Kr, B3JIeTHhIH Bec - 1390 Kr, MaKCI1MaJIb-
Htul CKOpOCTb - 170 KM/qaC, CKOponO.ZJ.'beMHOCTh Ha BhICOTY 2000 M -
8 MHH., nOTOJIOK - 6800 M.
PYMDJlep Ru-IV - A-II .Tayoe. - C 1914 f., ,lJ,BYXMeCTHbIM MO-
HOnJIaH, C O.ZJ.HMM MOTOpOM Mepceltec D I; pa3Max KpbIJIhen - 13,6 M,
nJI0lll.a,lJ.b - 28,9 M KD., .ZJ.JIHUa - 9,6 M, B3JIeTUhu'i Bec - 920 I(f, MaK-
CMMaJlbHaH CKOpOCTh - 105 KM/qaC; 6e3 BoopY)KelIlUI.
rOTa
J.(BYXMOTOPHhIM 60M6ap,lJ.MpOBll.(MK. ITocTpoeH B MapTe 1915 r. no
npOCKTY MH)KeHepa YpcHHyca UpH CO,lJ.eMCTBHH IIOJIKOBHI1Ka <1>pH,lI,eJIH
<pHpMOH IOTa3p BarroH<pa6pMK AG, paHee 3aHMMaBlIIeiicH BbInYCKOM
:>KeJle3Ho.ZJ.opO)KHOH TeXHMKH. CuatIana 6bIJI Ha3BaU fOTa- YpCMIIYC»,
3aTeM nOJI)"lHJI BoeHHoe 0603HaqeHHe G-1. Ilpe,lJ.CTaBJIHJI C060M ,lJ.BYX-
KH.1IenOH TpexMecTHbIH MHorocToetIHbIM 6HIIJIaH cMelIIaHlloH KOHCTPYK-
U:HH C <paHepHO-nOJIOTHHHOH 06IllMBKOH. ,l{BMraTeJIH B o6TeKaeMbIx
.ZJ. lO pa.n:eBhIX KaUOTaX KpeUHJIMCb K Hli)KUeMY KpbIJIY, a <pI03eJIR)K - K
BepXHeMY. TaKoe peIlleHHe 06eCrreqMBaJIO, no 3aMbICJIY KOJICTpYKTopa,
JI)"IllIJlII 0630p ,lI,JIH 3KMnIDKa H npaKTHtIeCKI1 ueorpaHHlleHlloe nOJIC
06cTpeJIa,lJ.JI.H TypeJIbHOfO nYJIeMeTa. QTo6bI 60M6hI nplt c6paCbIBaIUUI
He 1I0rra,u,aJUI B BI1HThI IIJIII J.IM)KHee KpbIJIO, YCTaHOBIIJIH BCpTUKaJlbUYIO
Tpy6y-60M60np OBO lt.
690
A8ua UR BeJlUKOU 80UHbl
TIepDbIH nOJIeT COCTORJICR 29 HIOJIR 1915 r. Y CneltHaJIHCTOB Ma-
IIIJlHa BhI3BaJIa npOTHBOpeqHBhIe OTKJIHKH. MaJIhIH aanac YCTOH'lHBO-
CTM rp03HJI KaTacTpo<paMH H npH KanornpOBaHHH Mor paa.naBHTh aKH-
na)K. TeM He MeHee, D aBryCTe annapaT 6blJI 3anYIIteH B cepHHHoe npo-
H3DO,ltCTBO. Bcero 6hlJIO BblnYU{eHO He 60JIee 19 MaIIIHH.
EOM6ap,ltnpOBIIUIKH Ypclfuyca npOCJIY:>ICHJIH B qaCTRX ,lt0 oceUH
1916 r. l-IecMoTp na TO, qTO HX 6bIJIO He Ti1K Y:>IC MHOro, OHH ycneJIH
npO BHTb ce6 M na 3ana,ltHOM M Ha BOCTOqHOM <l>poHTe. B oKTH6pe
1915 r. B ,ltDYX 60eBbIx aCKa,ltpaX repMaHcKoH apMHH tJHCJIHJIOCb 8 ca-
MOJIeTOn 3Toro THna. O,ltMH Ji3 HHX 60M6HJI ltapCKYIO cTaBKY D BHHHH-
ue, J-Ie3a,ltOJIrO ,lto Toro KaK Ty.n;a npH6hIJI PYCCKHH MMnepaTOp. IlpM-
MelUIJIMCb 3TH CaMOJIeTbI TalOKe II ,ltJI nOMCKa cy6MapMH B CeBepHOM
Mope.
,l{DlIraTeJIU: «6eHll 2 no 150 JI. c. BooPY)KeHHe: nYJIeMeT .IIInaH-
,lI,ay UJIJI «napa6eJIJIYM B I10COBOH TypeJIlf c KPyroBbIM 06CTpeJIOM,
,lt0 300 Kr 60M6.
B KOHU,e 1915 r. Ha aTOM jJ{e <l>HpMe 6blJIa pa3pa60TaHa HOBaR MO-
,lI,n<p:nKaltH G- II I1H:>ICenepOM faHcoM BYPKXap,lJ.OM M nOJIKOBHHKOM
KapJIoM P03HepoM. 3Ta MO.nH<pHKaltMR nOJIO:>ICHJIa Haqa.no lteJIOMY
ceMeHCTBY MalllMH, cbIrpaBlllHx 3aMeTHYIO pOJIb B 60eBblx .neHCTBMHX
nepBoii MHpoBoli DOHllb!. BnepBble no.n;IDIJICR B B03,ltYX B MapTe 1916 r.
3TO 6hIJI ,ltBYXMOTOPHhIH TpeXCTOeqHhIH 6HnJIaH ,ltepeBRHHoH KOH-
CTPYKI.{HM C nOJIOTIIRHOH 06IlIMBKOH. .l1BHraTeJIH C TOJIKalOIItHMH BMB-
TaMM B JUOpaJIeBbIX MOTOrOH,ltOJIaX KpenHJIHCh K HH:>IClIeMY KpbIJIY. B
nepe.lJ;HJOJO I1JJOCKOCTh rOH,lJ.OJI 6hIJIH BnHcaHhI pan;HaTOphI. 3KHnIDK 3
lIeJIOBeKa (nUJIOT, nepe.n;lIHH cTpeJIoK-60M6ap,ltMp M 3aJ{HHli CTpeJIOK).
3anYll.{eH B cepMJO B ceHTR6pe 1916 r., O,ltHaKO K OKTH6plO Y)Ke 6hula
pa3pa60TaHa HOBM MO,ltM<pMKaQMj{ G- III C 60JIee MOll(HhIMH MOTopa-
MH M YCHJJCHHOH CTPYKT)'POH <p103eJIR)Ka. BHelliHe MaWHHhI nOqTH
UeOTJIMqHMbJ, 110 xapaKTepMCTMKH nOCJIe.n;Hero 6bIJIH 3Haq}iTeJIbHO
BbIllle. ,l{o KOIII a rOJ(a 6hIJIO nOCTpoeHO 25 MaWHH nOCJIe,ltHerO TIlna,
KOTopbIe nocTynUJIM Ha 3ancutHhIH If Ha 6aJIKaHCKHH <PPOHT.
B lIaqaJIe 1917 r. nO DlIJIaCh MOJ{H<pMKaQUR G- IV, B KOHCTPYK-
U,UM KOTopolr 6bIJIa npHMeHeHa eIIte He BCTpeqaBllIaRCH B MHpOBOM
aBHaCTpoeHHII 1I0DMHKa - B XBOCTOBOH qaCTM <p103eJI )Ka 6hIJI C,lteJIaH
CI<D03HOii TpanCQMeBIf]{HbIM Bblpe3, n03BOJI.KBlllHH BeCTH orOHh H3 XBO-
CTODoro nYJJCMCTa He TOJIbKO BBepx, HO H BHH3. npOlJHOCTh <p103eJI -
lKa YCMJIHJIM, 3aMeHHB nOJIOTHj{UYIO 061lIHBKY Ha <paHepnylO. Anna-
paT BblnYCI<aJIC cepMlnlO Ha HeCKOJIhKMX 3aBo.n;ax fepMaHIUt. <I>HpMa
rOTa nOCTpOMJIa 50 MallIUH, CMMeHc-1I1YKepT OKOJIO 80 If LVG OKOJIO
100. OKOJIO nOJIOBHHhI MaUlMH, nOCTpoeHHbIX <pnpMOH CHMeHc-llIy-
CaMOJlembl II ep8QU .MUP080U 80U1tbl 691
KepT 6bIJIO BbInOJIHeHO B YlJe6HOM BapMaHTe C MeHee MOlltHhIMM 180-
CMJIbHhlMM MOTopaMM 4ApfYC MJIM NAG.
G- IV nOCTynHJIH Ha BoopY:>KeHHe 3-H 3CKa.nPW T I)KeJIbIX 60M6ap-
ltMpOBlltMKOB, npelt H 33HalJaBWMXCH J!JUllteHcTBMH npOTMB BeJIMKO-
6pMTaHMH, BeCHOH 1917 r. JIeToM H oceHblO 3Toro )Ke fOJ{a TaKOH Ma-
lliMHOH BOOpY)KWIM eIne HeCKOJIbKO noltpaalteJIeUMH Ha 3anaJ{HOM,
MTaJIbHHCKOM M 6aJIKaHCKOM <ppoHTax. 25 MCUI 1917 f. 3CKMpa rOTa
COBeplliMJIa nepBbIH ,ltHeBHoH HaJIeT Ha JIOHJJ.OH. HalJUHaR C IUOJUI OHU
peryJIHpHO 60M6MJIH JIOHJJ.OH, IIapM)K M ltpyrMe fopOJJ.a <1>paHI.UUf,
AHrJIMM M I1TaJIHH. t{JUI YCWIeHMR IIBO aHfJIMlJaHaM ltIDKe npHWJIOCh
OT3bIBaTb qaCTb MCTpe6MTeJIeH C <ppoHTa.
B aBrycTe 1917 f. 6bIJIa paapa60TaHa OlJepe,lJ;HaH MOJJ.JI<pHKaltM
MallIMHbI G- V. BHelliHe annapaT OT JIM lJaJI CH 60JIee 06TeKaeMblMH MO-
TOrOHltOJIaMM OBaJIbHOrO CeqeHM$I, YKpenJIeHIIbIMM Ha CTOMKax Me:>K-
lty KpbIJIbHMR. Bcero 6bIJIO IIOCTpoeHO 120 MaWMH 3TOH MOJ{M<plIKa-
UHM, M3 HMX HeCKOJIbKO llITYK C YKopotJeHHblM HOCOM M 6HnJIaHHbIM
XBOCTOBbIM onepeHMeM (G-Va).
BOM6apltMpOBIItMK 4rOTa CTan: B rJIa3aX COlO3HMKOB CMMBOJIOM
repMaHcKoH cTpaTefMlJeCKOH aBMaltMM. qacTo TaK Ha3bIBaJIM JII06011
repMaHcKHH ,lJ;BYXMOTOPHbIH CaMOJIeT. 3TH MalliHHbI OKa3aJIMCb cepb-
e3HbIM npOTHBHHKOM JI)I aBMa MM AHTaHTbl. 3a BCIO BOHHY 6bIJIO c6M-
TO MCTpe6MTeJUlMM He 60JIee 20 arrnapaTOB TaKoro TMna. IlpMMepHo
CTOJIbKO)Ke 6blJIO C6MTO M Of HeM 3eHHTHbiX 6aTapeH. OCHOBHOH ypOIl
4JJ.BYXMOTOpHHKH HeCJIM OT pa3JIHlJHbIX KaTaCTpO<p. OltHa TOJIbKO 3- H
3CKanpa nOTepHJIa B aBapMHX 37 MaillMH TMna 4rOTa . nMK 60eaoro
npMMeHeHM$I annapaTa npHxoltHTCH Ha anpCJIb 1918 f., KOfJ{a Ha 3a-
n3J{HOM <ppOHTe OJ{HOBpeMeHHO HaXOJ{MJIOCb 36 MaIllMH 3TOfO TMna. B
ltaJIbHeHllIeM MX tIMCJIO Bce 60JIee COKpalltaJIOCb, O,lJ,HaKO OT J{CJIhIlble
3K3eMnJIHpbI npOBOeBaJIM lto caMoro KOHlta BOMHbI.
30 annapaTOB G- IV npH06peJIa ABCTPO- BeHrpH$I. ABCTpHHltbI
YCTaHOBMJIM Ha MalliMHbI c06cTBeHHbIe 230-CMJIbHbIe MOTOpbI fHe-
po M BeCbMa aKTHBHO npMMeHHJIM HX Ha MTaJIb HCKOM <ppoHTe.
l{BMfaTeJIM: MepceJ{ec 2 no 220 JI. c. (G- II) HJIM no 260 JI. c.
(G-III, G-IV H G-V). BooPY)KeHHe: HOCOBaR H XBOCTOBa TypeJII1 C
nYJIeMeTaMM 4napa6eJIJIYM , 60M60BaH HarpY3Ka OT 300 J{O 600 Kf (B
3aBMCMMOCTH OT ltaJIbHOCTM nOJIeTa).
TTl{ G-I (G-IV): pa3Max KpbIJIa - 22 M (32,71), nJIOll aJ{h -
82 M KB. (89,S), J{JIMHa - 12,9 M (12,36), B3JIeTHhIH Bec - 2800 Kf
(3635), MaKCMMaJIbHa CKOpOCTb - 130 KM/qaC (140), cKOpOnO,ll'bCM-
HOCTb Ha BblCOTY 3000 M - 35 MHH. (21), nOTOJIOK - 2700 M (5000),
,lJ,aJIbHOCTb - 540 KM (700).
692
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80U1tbl
rOTa G-II - C 1916 f., 6HnJlaH C ,lJ;BYMH MOTopaMH ,l!aHMJIep..4»;
pa3Max KpbWbeB - 23,7 M, llJIOIUa,lJ;b - 89 M KB., Jt.7IHHa - 12,4 M, B3JIeT"
HbIH Bec - 3192 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHaH CKOpOCTb - 148 KM/qaC, CKOpO"
nO,lJ;'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 3000 M - 28 MHH., nOTOJIOK - 4100 M; BO"
0pY)KeHHe - 2 nYJleMeTa, 600 Kf 60M6.
rOTa G-III - C 1916 f., 6HnJIaH C ,lJ;BYMH MOTopaMH l{aHMJIep"
4a ; pa3Max KpbIJIbeB - 23,7 M, nJIOIUa.ztb - 89 M KB., ,lJ;JIHHa - 12,4 M,
B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 3618 Kf, MaKCHManbHaR CKOpOCTb - 152 KM/qaC;
Boopy*eHHe - 3 nYJIeMeTa, 300 Kf 60M6.
rOTa G- V - C 1917 f., 6HllJIaH C ,lJ;BYMH MOTopaMH l{aHMJIep-4a»;
pa3Max KpbIJIbeB - 23,7 M, nJIOIUa,lJ;b - 89,5 M KB., ,lJ;JIHHa - 12,36 M,
B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 3975 Kf, MaKCHManbHaH CKOpOCTb -140 KM/qaC, CKO-
pOnO,lJ;'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 3000 M - 17 MHH., nOTOJIOK - 6500 M;
BoopY)KeHHe - 3 nYJIeMeTa, 459 Kf 60M6.
rOTa G-VI - C 1918 r., TpexMecTHbIH 6MnJIaH, C .ltBYMH MOTopaMH
Mepce,lJ;ec. DIVa; pa3Max KpbIJIheB - 23,7 M, nJIOIUa,lJ;b - 98,5 M KB.,
lI.JIHHa - 12,36 M; BoopY)KeHHe - 2 nYJIeMeTa.
rOTa WD-tO (YpCHHYC) - C 1916 f., O,lJ;HOMeCTHbIH 6HnJIaH, C
Oll.HHM MOTOpoM BeH » Bz III; pa3MaxKpbIJIbeB - 9 M,MHHa -7,8 M,
B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 1000 Kf, MaKCHMa.nbHaR CKOpOCTb - 130 KM/qaC, CKO"
ponO,lJ;'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 1000 M - 13,1 MHH., nOTOJIOK - 3000 M;
BoopY)KeHHe - 2 nYJIeMeTa, 500 Kr 60M6.
rOTa WD-t4 - C 1916 f., TpeXMeCTHbIH 6HnJIaH, C ,lJ;BYMH MOTopa"
MH BeHI{ Bz IV; pa3MaX KpbIJIbeB - 25,5 M, nJIOIUa,lJ;b - 133 M KB.,
lI.JIHHa - 14,4 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 4642 Kr, MaKCHManbHaH CKOpOCTb -
200 KM/qaC; Boopy*eHHe - 1 nYJIeMeT.
rOTa WD-27 - C 1918 f., qeTbIpeXMeCTHhIH 6HnJlaH, C,lJ;BYMH MO-
TopaMH BeHQ Bz IV; pa3MaX KpbIJIbeB - 34 M, nJIOIUa.zth - 197 M KB.,
lI.JIMHa - 17,6 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 6860, MaKCHManbHaR CKOpOCTb -
135 KM/qaC, CKOpOnOll.'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 1000 M - 15 MHH., nOTO-
llOK - 3000 M; BooPY)KeHHe - 3 ny JIeMeTa, 1200 Kf 60M6.
rOTa LE-3 (A-I) .Tay6e. - C 1913 f., ,ltBYXMeCTHbIH MOHOnJIaH,
C O,lJ;HHM MOTOpOM Mepcell.ec. D I; paaMax KpbIJIbeB - 14,5 M, nJIO-
w.a,ltb - 33,4 M KB., lI.JIHHa - 10M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 1026 Kr, MaKCH"
MaJIbHa» CKOpOCTb - 96 KM/qaC, CKOpOnO,lJ;'beMHOCTb Ha BhICOTY
800 M - 12 MHH.; 6e3 BoopY:>KeHHH.
CUMeHc- illYKKepT
CTOJIKHYBllIHCb Ha <ppoHTe C PYCCKMM rHfaHTOM «I1JIbeti MYPOM-
l.{eM», repMaHCKHe BoeHHbIe nOjJ(eJIanH HMeTb TaKYIO MallIHHY Y ce6S1.
lI1Be,lJ;CKHH HIDKeHep <I>opcMaHH nOnbITaJICH ew.e oceHblO 1914 r. CKO-
CaMOllembl Ilep80u MUP080U 80UHbl
693
nHpOBaTb MaWHHY H HatJaJI nOCTpoHKY tJeTbIpeXMOTOpHOrO a3pOnJIa-
Ha, nOJIHOCTbIO nOBTOpHBllIerO KOHCTPYKTHBHYIO CXeMY annapaTa CH-
KOpCKOro. B Mae 1915 r. annapaT ero KOHCTPYKI{HH 6bIJI BbICTaBJIeH
Ha HCnbITaHHg, oJtHaKO 11 O-CHJIbHbIe MOTOpbI OK33aJIHCb CJIa6bIMH, a
YJtJIHHeHHe KpbIJIa - HeJtOCTaTotJHbIM.
B JteKa6pe 1914 r. Ha aTOH)Ke «t>HpMe npHcTynHJIH K npoeKTHpo-
BaHHIO OTetJeCTBeHHoro fHraHTa 6paTbH EpYHO H <I>pCUH.t ill Te«t>«t>e-
HbI. OHH pelIIHJIH C03JtaTb OpHrHHaJIbHYIO KOHCTpYKI{HIO. BbICOKHH
«t>103eJIg)K C 60JIblIIOH 3aCTeKJIeHHOH Ka6HHoH pa3JtBaHBaJICg B 3a,zJ;HeM
tJaCTH HanoJt06He JIaCTOt{KHHa XBOCTa. CY)KaIOIIUleCg K KOHltaM 6aJIKI1
TpeyrOJIbHOrO cetJeHWI coeJtHHHJIHCb Me)KJ(Y C060H CTOHKaMH H pac-
tJaJIKaMH. TpH JtBHraTeJUI pa3MemaJIHCb BHYTpH <pI03eJIH:>Ka H Bpama-
JIH nocpeJtCTBOM CJIO)KHOH CHCTeMbI nepeJtaq JtBa BHHTa 60JIbmOrO
JtHaMeTpa, YCTaHOBJIeHHbIe nepeJt KpbIJIbgMH. Cneltl1aJlbHbIe MY<PTbl
CQenJIeHHg n03BOJUlJIH OTKJIIOtJaTb JlI060H 113 JtBHraTeJIeH.
KapKac annapaTa 6bIJI BbInOJIHeH H3 JtepeBa H TOHKOCTeHHblX Me-
TaJL1IHtJeCKHX Tpy6. 06mHBKa nepeJtHHX tJaCTeH JtlOpaJleBaH, OCTaJIb-
HblX - nOJIOTIDIHasi. 3KHnIDK - 4 qeJIOBeKa (2 nHJIOTa J[ 2 MeX3UI1Ka).
AapOnJIaH TaKoH KOHCTPYKl I1H, Ha3BaHHbIM C"MCHc-lllYKKcpT
G-I (3aTeM nOJIyqHJI 0603HaqeHHe R-I) BnepBble nOJtIUIJICH B B03J1.YX
B Mae 1915 r. Ero TeXHHtJeCKl1e JtaHHble OKa3aJIHCb HeJJ.OCTaTOl{HbIMH
H B JtaJIbHeHlIIeM annapaT HCIIOJIb30BaJICg TOJIbKO B YQe6HblX lteJIRX.
TaKag )Ke yqacTb nOCTMrJIa 11 JtBe nOCJIeJJ.YlOmIie MallJl1Hbl 6paTbcn
III Te<p<peHoB.
IlepBblM 60M6apJtHpOBII..tllKOM .CI1MeHc-IlIYKKepT , nonaBIIHIM
Ha <l>POHT, CTana MOJtH<pHKaQJ-UI R-IV, BnepBble OTOpBaOlllaHCH OT 3eM-
JIH B KOHlte HHBapg 1916 r. H XOTg ero JIeTHbIe JtaHHble 6bIJIH npH3Ha-
Hbl eme HeJtOCTaTotJHbIMH, OJtHaKO OHH BIIOJIHe ycnellIHo J(CMcTBoBa-
JIH Ha BOCTOtJHOM «t>poHTe, BBH.llY CJIa60CTH PYCCKI1X HCTpe6HTeJIbHblX
CHJI H cpeJtCTB n BO.
R-IV HaqaJI COBepmaTb 60eBbIe nOJIeTbI B ceHTH6pe 1916 r. C aapo-
.llpOMa BHJIbHO (BHJIbHIOC). OH yqaCTBOBan B JtHeBHblX H HOqHblX Ha-
JIeTaX Ha n03HnHH PYCCKHX BOHCK H TbIJIOBble 06'heKTbI. B TelfeHl1e
rOJta CTaJIH npH6blBaTb H HOBbIe MOJtH<pHKaltHH, cna qaJIa R - V, a 3aTeM
H R - VI. HaKOHelt, B Q>eBpane 1917 r. Ha <ppOHT npH6blJIa MOJJ.I1«t>HKa-
I{l1g R- VII. AnnapaTbI 6blJlH 06'beJtHHeHbI B 501-10 aCKaJtpy TH)KeJIbIX
60M6apJtHpOBII{HKOB, BCKope nOCJIe aToro nepe6pollIeHHYIO nOJt PHry,
Ha aapoJtpOM AnbT-Aylt, OTKYJta OHH COBepllIHJIH OKOJIO 20 na.neTOB Ha
n03HI{HH PYCCKHX BOHCK. 3a Bce BpeMg 60eBbix JteHcTBHH 501-$1 ac-
KaJtpa He nOHeCJIa HHKaKHX 60eBbiX nOTepb, pa36HJICH JIHllIb OJtHII R - V
npH nocaJtKe H3-3a TeXHHtJeCKHX HenOJIa.n;OK. OJtHaKO B ceHTH6pe
694
A Buau,USl BeJlU1COU BOU1lbl
1917 r. MaWHHbI 6bIJIH CHlITbI C BoopY)KeHHH H nepeBe,lteHbI B yqe6-
HbIe nOApa3,lteJIeHHH.
l{BHfaTeJIH: EeHI{ 3 no 220 JI. c. BooPY)KeHHe: 3 TYpeJIH C ny JIe-
MeTaMH «TIapa6eJIJIYM»>,,ltO 500 Kf 60M6.
TT l{ R - I: pa3Max KpbIJIa - 33,44 M, nJIOmaztb - 210M KB., ,ltJIH-
Ha - 18,5 M, B3JIeTHhIH Bec -7960 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbH3JI CKOpOCTb - 130
KM/qaC, CKopOnO,lt'beMHOCTh Ha BbICOry 2000 M - 27 MHH., nOTOJIOK -
3700 M, .n;aJIbHOCTb - 560 KM.
KpoMe 3Toro yq8CTBOB8JlH
)KaRRMR A-I .Tay6e. - C 1913 f., ,ltBYXMeCTHbIH MOHOnJIaH, C
O,ltHHM MOTOpoM .Apryc. As II; paaMax KpbUIbeB - 13,9 M, nJIO b -
29,7 M KB., ,ltJIHHa - 9,7 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 1035 Kf, MaKCHMaJlbHaH
CKOpOCTb - 100 KM/qaC; 6e3 BoopY)KeHHH.
JIBr B-I/B-II - C 1914 f., ,ltBYXMeCTHbIH 6HnJIaH, C O,ltHHM MOTO-
pOM .EeHI.t Bz I; pa3Max KpbIJIbeB - 14,5 M, nJIOma,ltb - 40 M KB.,
,ltJIMHa - 7,8 M, B3JIeTHbJH Bec - 1132 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHaJI CKOpOCTb -
100 KM/qaC; 6e3 BoopY)KeHHH.
JIOr C- II - C 1915 f., ,ltBYXMeCTHhIH 6HnJIaH, C O,ltHHM MOTOpOM
.Mepce,ltec III; pa3MaX KpbIJIbeB - 12,86 M, nJIOmaztb - 32,5 M KB.,
.n;JIHHa - 7,1 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 1400 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHaH CKOpOCTb -
130 KM/qaC, nOTOJIOK - 3000 M, BoopY)I(eHHe - 20 Kf 60M6.
JlBf C- VI - c 1917 f., ,ltBYXMeCTHhIH 6MnJIaH, C O,ltHHM MOTOpoM
Mepce,ltec. III; pa3Max KpbIJIbeB - 13 M, nJIoIltaztb - 34,6 M KB., ,ltJIH-
Ha -7,45 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 1300 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHCUI CKOpOCTb - 158
KM/tJac, CKOpOnO,lt'beMHOCTb Ha BbJCOT)' 1000 M - 6 MHH., nOTOJIOK -
5000 M; BoopY)f(eHMe - 2 ny JIeMeTa, 90 Kf 60M6.
AfO C-2 - C 1915 f., 6HnJIaH C O,ltHHM MOTOpOM EeHI.t ; pa3Max
KpbIJIbeB - 14,5 M, nJIOIl1aztb - 40,8 M KB., ,ltJIHHa - 9,84 M, B3JIeTHblii
Bec - 1360 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHCUI CKOpOCTb - 137 KM/qaC, nOTOJIOK -
4500 M; BoopY)f(eHHe - 2 ny JIeMeTa, 50 Kf 60M6.
AEf K-I (G-I) - C 1915 f., TpeXMeCTHbIH 6HnJIaH, C ,ltBYMH MOTO-
paMH .Mepce,ltec. D I; pa3MaX KpbIJIa - 16 M, ,ltJIMHa - 8,6 M, B3JIeT-
IIbIH Bec - 1954 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbH3JI CKOpOCTb - 125 KM/qaC, CKOpO-
no,lt'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOT)' 800 M - 12 MHH.; BoopYiKeHHc - 3 nYJIeMe-
Ta, 100 Kf 60M6.
AEf G-4 - C 1915 f., 6HnJIan C,ltBYMR MOTopaMH .Mepce,ltec-IV ;
pa3MaX KpbIJIbeB - 18,35 M, nJIOllta.Zl.b - 67 M KB., ,ltJIMHa - 9,85 M,
B3JIeTHbIH nec - 3630 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbH3JI CKOpOCTb - 145 KM/qaC, CKO-
pOnO.Zl.'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 3000 M - 23 MMH., nOTOJIOK - 4000 M;
BooPY)I(eUHe - 3 ny JIeMeTa, 300 Kf 60M6.
CaMo.llembllIep8ou MUP080U 80UHbl 695
AEf C-IV - C 1916 f., ,ltDYXMeCTHbIH 6HnJI3H, C O.l{HHM MOTOpOM
.BeHU:. III; paaMax KpbIJlbeD - 13,46 M, nJlOIItMb - 36,52 M KB., JJ;JlH-
Ha -7,15 M, B3J1eTHbIH Dec - 1200 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHCUI CKOpOCTb - 143
KM/q3C, nOTOJlOK - 3000 M; Boop)')KeHHe - 300 Kf 60M6, 2 ny JleMeTa.
AEf N-I - C 1917 f., JJ;BYXMeCTHbIH 6HnJlaH, C OJJ;HHM MOTOpOM
.Mepce,ltec. IVA; pa3MaX KpbIJlheB - 15,3 M, nJI0ll13,l{b - 44,5 M KB.,
,ltJlHH3 - 7,3 M, D3JIeTHbIH Bec - 1400 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHaH CKOpOCTb -
175 KM/qaC, nOTOJlOK - 5000 M; BoopY)I(eHHe - 300 Kf 60M6, 2 ny JIe-
MeTa.
JI<Dr POJla C-II (BaJIb<pHW) - C 1916 f., JtBYXMeCTHbIH 6Hn-
JlaH, C 1 MOTOpOM Mepce.nec. D. III; paaMax KphIJIbeB - 10,3 M, nJlo-
Il{aztb - 26 M KB., MHHa - 7,7 M, B3J1eTHbIH Bec - 1284 Kf, MaKCH-
MaJIbHaH CKOpOCTb - 165 KM/qaC, CKoponolt'beMHOCTb Ha DbICOTY
1000 M - 6 MHH., nOTOJlOK - 4000 M; BoopY)I(eHHe - 2 nYJleMeTa, 70
Kf60M6.
cl>pH.ZJ;pHXcra<l>eH G-III - C 1917 r., qeTblpexMecTHbIH 6HllJIaU, C
,ltBYMH MOTopaMH MepceJJ;ec. DIVa; paaMax KpbIJIbeB - 23,8 M, nJIO-
ll{3,l{b - 95 M KB., JJ;JIHHa - 12,8 M, B3J1CTHbIii Bec - 3930 Kf, MaKCH-
MaJIbHaJi CKOpOCTb - 135 KM/qaC, CKoponOJJ;'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY
3000 M - 20 MUH., nOTOJIOK 3500 M; Boop)')KeHl1e - 3 nYJIeMCTa, 60-
Jlee 1 T 60M6.
faJIb6epwTa.ztT CL-II - C 1917 f., JJ;BYXMeCTHbIH 6HIIJIaH, C OJJ;HHM
MOTOpOM .Mepce,ltec. DIll; pa3Max KpbIJlbeB - 10,8 M, llJI01l(aJ1b -
27,5 M KD., ,ltJIHHa - 7,3 M, B3JIeTHbIH Dec - 1166 Kr, MaKCHMaJIbHtuI
CKOpOCTb - 165 KM/qaC, CKoponOJJ;'beMHOCTb Ha 1000 M - 5 MHH., no-
TOJlOK - 5000 M; BOOPY)I(eHHe - 2 -3 rry JIeMeTa, 50 Kf 60M6.
faJIb6eplDT T D-II - C 1916 f., O,ltHOMeCTHbIH 6HnJIaH, C OJJ;HHM
MOTOpOM .Mepce,ltcc. D II; pa3Max KpbL1lbeB - 8,8 M, nJI01l(aJ1b - 23,8
M KH., JJ;Jlllua - 7,3 M, B3JIeTHblH Dec - 771 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHCUI CKO-
pOCTb - 145 KM/qaC, CKoponOJJ;'beMHOCTb H3 1000 M - 4 MHH., Ha
2000 M - 9 MHH., nOTOJlOK - 5000 M; BoopY)KeHHe - 1-2 nYJIeMeTa.
raHHoBep CL-II - C 1917 r., JJ.ByxMecTHbIH 6HnJlau, C O,ltHHM MO-
TOpOM .Apryc. As III; pa3Max KpbIJlbeD - 11,7 M, nJIOll(a,ltb -
32,7 M KD., JJ;JlHHa - 7,6 M, B3J1eTHbIH Bec - 1081 Kr, MaKCHMaJIbHtuI
CKOpOCTb - 165 KM/qaC, CKopono,ltDeMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 1000 M - 5,3
MHH., nOTOJlOK - 5000 M; BOOPY)KeHHe - 1 uy JIeMeT, 200 Kr 60M6.
IOHKepc }-I - c 1917 f., ltBYXMeCTHbIH 6HIIJlan, C OJJ.IIHM MOTO-
pOM .EeHU: Hz IV; pa3Max KpbIJIbeB - 16 M, nJlOIlla.ztb - 49,4 M KB.,
,ltJIHHa - 9,1 M, B3JIeTHbIH nee - 2176 Kf, MaKCHMaJlbHaH CKOpOCTb -
155 KM/lJaC, CKOpOnOJJ;'bCMIlOCTb Ha BbICOTY 2000 M - 32 MHII.; BOOpy-
)f(ellHe - 3 ny JIeMeTa.
696
A6Ual.4UR BellUKOU 80UHbl
IOHKepc CL- I - C 1918 f., ,ltBYXMeCTHhlH MOHOnJlaH, C O,ltHHM
MOTOpOM -«Mepce,ltec. D IlIa; pa3Max KphlJlbeB - 12 M, nJlOIU3.ltb -
23,4 M KB., ,ltJIHHa - 7,9 M, B3J1eTHhlH Bec - 1050 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHaR
CKOpOCTb - 161 KM/qaC, cK9pono,lt'beMHOCTb Ha BhlCOry 1000 M - 3,9
MHH.; BoopY)KeHHe - 2 nYJleMeTa.
IOHKepc D-I - C 1918 f., O,ltHOMeCTHhlH MOHOnJlaH, C O,ltHHM MO-
TOpOM BMV IlIa; paaMax KpbIJIbeB - 9 M, nJlOIU3.ltb - 14,8 M KB., Jt]IH-
Ha - 7,3 M, B3J1eTHhIH Bec - 834 Kf, MaKCHMaJIhHCUI CKOpOCTb - 185
KM/qaC, CKOpOnO,lt'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTy 1000 M - 2,3 MHH., nOTOJIOK -
6000 M; BoopY)f(eHlIe - 2 ny JIeMeTa.
cnB R-I - C 1915 f., n THMeCTHhlH 6lInJIaH C qeTbIphM MOTO-
paMIi «Mepce,ltec»> IVa; pa3Max KphlJIbeB - 30,5 M, nJlOma,ltb -
186 M KB., .l{JIHHa - 17,6 M, B3JIeTHhIH Bec - 9400 Kf, MaKCHMaJIhHaj{
CKOpOCTh - 120 KM/qaC; BoopY)KeHHe - 5 nYJleMeTOB, 800 Kf 60M6.
cnB R-II - C 1917 f., 5-6-MeCTHhlH 6HnJIaH, C qeTbIphMjI MOTO-
paMH -«Mepce,ltec. 0 IVa; pa3Max KphlJIbeB - 35 M, nJIOIUa,ltb -
364 M KB., ,ltJIHUa - 21 M, B3J1eTHhIH Bec - 12 460 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbH(UI
CKOpOCTh - 132 KM/qaC; BooPY)KeHHe - 5 nYJleMeTOB,,ltO 2 T 60M6.
CCB (SSW R-I) - C 1915 f., 6lInJlaH C TpeMjI MOTopaMH .BeHn-
III ; pa3Max KpbIJlbeB - 28 M, nJIOIUa,ltb - 138 M KB., Jt]IHHa - 17,5 M,
B3JIeTHhIH Bec - 5200 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHCUI CKOpOCTb - 110 KM/qaC, CKO-
pOnOLt'beMHOCTb Ha BhlCOry 2000 M - 35 MHH., nOTOJIOK - 3700 M;
BoopY)KeHHe - 4 nYJIeMeTa, 500 Kf 60M6.
CCB (R-VII) - C 1917 f., 6HnJIaH C TpeM MOTopaMH -«Mepce-
,ltec» IVa; pa3Max KpbIJIbeB - 33,4 M, nJlOIU3.ltb - 210M KB., ,ltJIHHa -
18,5 M, B3JIeTHbIH BCC -7960 Kr, MaKCHMaJIbHCUI CKOpOCTb - 130 KM/
qac, CKopono,lt'beMHOCTb Ha BhICOT)' 2000 M - 27 MHH., IIOTOJIOK -
3200 M; BoopY)KeHHe - 4 nYJIeMeTa, 500 Kf 60M6.
BfO R-II - C 1915 r., 6HnJIaH C TpeM MOTopaMH .MaH6ax. IV;
pa3Max KphIJIhen - 42,2 M, nJlOIU3Ltb - 332 M KB., Jt]IIHla - 23,78 M,
B3JIeTHhlH Bec - 10 203 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHa CKOpoCTh - 130 KM/qaC,
CKopOnO.l{'beMHOCTb lIa BbICO'fY 3000 M - 60 MHH., nOTOJlOK - 2500 M;
BoopY)KeHHe - 7 nYJIeMeTOB, 500 Kf 60M6.
JIHHKe-ro<l>M8H R-I - C 1916 f., n TIIMeCTHhlH 6HnJIaH, C qeTbIpb-
MjI MOTopaMH .McpceJ(ec DIVa; pa3Max KphlJlbeB - 33,2 M, nJIO-
Ilta.n;b - 265 M KB., JtJlHHa - 15,6 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 12 300 Kf, MaK-
CHMaJIhHCUI CKOpOCTb - 130 KM/qaC, nOTOJIOK - 3000 M, CKOpOnO,lt'b-
eMHOCTh Ha BhlCOTY 3000 M - 2 qaca.
JIHHKe-rO MaH R-II - C 1918 f., meCTHMeCTHhlH 6HTIJIan, C qe-
ThIphM MOTopaMH -«MepceLtec. DIVa; paaMax KphIJIbeB - 42,2 M,
nJIOll{a,lth - 320 M KB., .l1JlHHa - 20,3 M, B3J1eTHbIH Bec - 12 000 Kf,
CaMOllembt IIep80u MUP080U 80UHbt 697
MaKCHMaJIbHCUI CKOpOCTb - 130 KM/qaC, CKOpOnO.l('beMHOCTb Ha BbI-
COTY 2000 M - 20 MUH., nOTOJlOK - 3200 M; BoopY)KeHUe - 3
ny JleMeTa.
QenneJIHH-WT88KeH VGO-I - C 1915 f., BOCbMUMeCTHhlH 6HI1-
JIaH, C nHTblO MOTOpaMH . Maii6ax. Mb IV; pa3MaX KpbIJlbeB - 42,2 1\1,
nJIOll.{a,z{b - 332 M KB., ,ltJlHHa - 24 M, B3J1eTHbIH Bec - 11 485 Kr, MaK-
CUMaJIbHCUI CKOpOCTb - 110 KM/qaC, cKOpOnO,lt'beMIIOCTb 1Ia BbICOTY
2000 M - 39 MHH., nOTOJIOK - 3000 M, BooPY)J(eHHe - 4 nYJleMeTa.
QenneJIHH-WT88KeH VGO-III - C 1916 f., BocbMHMecTHhIH 611-
nJIaH, C weCTblO MOTopaMU .Mepce,ltec DIll; pa3MaX KpbIJIbeB -
42,2 M, nJIOll.{a.llb - 332 M KB., LtJIUHa - 24,5 M, B3JIeTHhIH Bee -
11 600 Kf, MaKCJfMaJIbHIDI CKOpOCTb - 120 KM/qaC, CKOpOnOLt'beMHOCTb
Ha BbICOT)' 2000 M - 29 MUH., nOTOJIOK - 3000 M; BOOPY)J(eIlMe - 5 ny-
JIeMeTOB.
QenneJIHII-illT88KeH R-IV - C 1916 f., BOCbMI1MecTJlbu16unJIau,
C ,ltBYM MOTopaMU .MepceLtec. DIll u qeTbIpbM MOTopaMIf .BeHU
Bz IV; paaMax KpbIJIbeB - 42,2 M, IIJIOll.{a,ltb - 332 M KD., ,ltJIIilla -
23,3 M, B3J1eTllblH Bec - 13025 Kf, MaKCIiMaJlbHasI CKOpOCTb - 125 KM/
qac, CKOpOnO.ll'beMHOCTb Ha BbIC01)' 3000 M - 89 MHH., nOTOJIOK -
3700 M; BooPY)J(euue - 6-7 nYJleMeTOB.
QenneJIHH-illTaaKeH R-IV - C 1915 f., nHTH-ceMHMeCTHbIH 6Hn-
JIaB C qeThlpbMH MOTopaMH .BeHl1 IV}J ,ltBYMH MOTopaMU «Mepce-
,ltec III; pa3Max KpLIJlbeB - 42,2 M, nJlOII1a.ztb - 332 M KB., ](JIHlla -
32,2 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 13 035Kf, MaKCHMaJlbH(UI CKOpOCTb - 125 KM/
'lac, CKOpOnO,lt'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 2000 M - 35 MIIH., nOTOJIOK -
3700 M; BoopY)KeHUe - 8 nYJIeMCTOB, 1000 Kf 60M6.
UenOeJIHH- WT88KeH R- VI - C 1917 f., ,lteC THMeCTHb]H 6UnJIaH,
C qeThlpbMH MOTopaMu .MaH6ax. Mb IV }fJIU .Mepce,ltec D IV,,;
pa3MaX KpbIJIbeB - 42,2 M, nJlO1L(a,ltb - 332,2 M KB., JUlJIHa - 23,1 M,
B3J1eTHhlH Bec - 11 848 Kf, MaKCHMaJlbHaH CKOpOCTb - 135 KM/qaC,
cKOpOnOLt'beMlIOCTb Ha BbICOyY 3000 M - 43 MIIII., nOTOJIOK - 4300 M;
BoopY)f(eHHe - 4 nYJleMeTa.
QenneJIHH-illT88KeH R-XIV (R-XIV8) - C 1918 f., BOCbMHMeCT-
HbIH 6UnJIaH, C nj{TblO MOTopaMH .MaH6ax. Mb IV; pa3MaX KpbIJIb-
eB - 42,2 M, nJIOIQa.ztb - 334 M KB., ,ltJIUHa - 22,5 M, B3JIeTHblii Bec -
14 450 (14 250) lIT, MaKCHMaJlbHIDI CKOpoCTh - 130 (135) KM/qaC, CKO-
pOnOLt'beMHOCTb Ha BhlCOyY 3000 M - 60 (45) MHH., nOTOJIOK - 3700
(4500) M; Boopy))(eHUe - 5 nYJleMeTOB, 1000 Kr 60M6.
QenneJIHH-illTaaKeH 8301-L - C 1918 r., BOCbMHMeCTJIbIH 6H-
nJIaH, C qeTbIpbMH MOTopaMU .MepceLtec DIVa; pa3MaX KpbIJIbeB -
42,2 M, nJIOmaLtb - 360 M KB., ,ltJlHUa - 22,2 M, B3J1eTHbltI Bec -
698
A8Ua1.4USl BeJlUKOU 80UHbl
11 800 Kr, MaKCHMaJIbHCUI CKOpOCTb - 125 KM/qaC, CKOpOnO,ll;'beMHOCTb
Ha BblCOTY 1680 M - 60 MHH., nOTOJIOK - 2500 M; BoopY)I(eHHe -
4 ny JIeMeTa.
,lJ;opHhep Rs-III - C 1917 f., nRTHMeCTHblH MOHOnJIaH, C qeThIpb-
MR MOTopaMH .Maii6ax. Mb IVa; p33Max KpblJlLeB - 37 M, llJIOW;3,ltL -
226 M KB., ,lI;JIHHa - 22,7 M, B3JIeTHblH Bec - 10 670 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHCUI
CKOpOCTb - 135 KM/qaC, nOTOJIOK - 2000 M; BooPY)KeHHe - 3 nYJIe-
MeTa, 600 Kf 60M6.
,lJ;opHbep Rs-IV - c 1918 f., nRTHMeCTHbIH MOHOnJIaH, C qeTbIpb-
MR MOTopaMH . Maii6ax. Mb IVa; paaMax KphIJIbeB - 37 M, nJIOW;3,l(b -
226 M KB., ,lI;JIHHa - 22,3 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 10 700 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHCUI
CKOpOCTb - 145 KM/qaC, nOTOJIOK - 2000 M; BooPY)KeHHe - 3 nYJIe-
MeTa, 600 Kf 60M6.
,aopHbep D-I - C 1918 f., Ol{HOMeCTHbIH 6HnJIaH, C Ol{HHM MOTO-
pOM BMV IlIa; pa3Max KpbIJIbeB -7,8 M, llJIOW;3,l(L - 18,7 M KB., MH-
Ha - 6,4 M, B3JIeTHblH Bec - 890 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHaR CKOpOCTh - 200
KM/qaC, CKopOnOl{'beMHOCTb Ha BhICOTY 3000 M - 18 MHH., IIOTOJIOK -
8000 M; BoopY)KeHHe - 2 nYJIeMeTa.
CHMeHc D-VI - C 1918 f., Ol{HOMeCTHbIH MOHOnJIaH, C Ol{HHM MO-
TOpOM .CHMeHC»> Sh IlIa; pa3MaX KpbIJIbeB - 9,4 M, nJIOW;3,l(b - 12,5
M KB., l{JIHHa - 6,5 M, D3JIeTHbIH Bec - 710 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHM CKO-
pOCTh - 220 KM/qaC, CKOpOIIOl{'beMHOCTb Ha BblCOry 6000 M - 16 MltH.,
nOTOJIOK - 6000 M; BOOPY)KeHHe - 2 nYJIeMeTa.
n 8JIb -D-III (D-IIIa) - C 1917 f., Ol{HOMeCTHbIH 6HnJIaH, C
Ol{HHM MOTOpOM .Mepcel{ec»> DIll; p3.3MaX KpbIJIbeB - 9,4 M, IIJIO-
w;aJ(b - 22,17 M KB., ,lI;JIHHa - 6,95 M, D3JIeTHbIH Bec - 922 Kf, MaKCH-
MaJIbHaH CKOpOCTh - 165 KM/qaC, CKoponO,lt'beMHOCTb Ha 2000 M -
7,25 MHH; DOOPY)KeHHe - 2 CHHXPOHHblX nYJIeMeTa.
pOCaMOJleTbI
<bpHlJ;pHxcra<l>eH FF -33e - C 1915 f., l{BYXMeCTHLIH 6HnJIaH, C
Ol{HHM MOTOpOM .EeHl1»> Bz III; pa3MaX KpblJIbeB - 16,75 M, n.no-
w;al{b - 52,7 M KD., JtJIHHa - 10,45 M, B3JIeTHhlH Bec - 1635 Kf, MaK-
CIfMaJIbHCUI CKOpOCTb - 119 KM/qaC, CKOpOnOl{'beMHOCTb Ha DblCOTY
1000 M - 17,5 MHH., 6e3 BoopY)KeHHH.
<l>pHlJ;pHXCra eH FF-49c - C 1917 f., l{BYXMeCTHbIH 6HllJIaH, C
OJ(IIHM MOTOpOM . EeHu,»> Bz IV; pa3MaXICpblJlbeB - 17,1 M, nJIOIl(3,l(b-
71,2 M KB., l{JIHHa - 11,6 M, B3JIeTHblH Bec - 2147 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHCUI
CKOpOCTb - 140 KM/qaC, CKOpOnO,l('beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 1000 M -
8 MlfH.; BoopY)I(eHHC - 2 nYJIeMeTa.
raH3a-Bpa eH6ypr W -29 - C 1918 r., ,l(syxMecTllbIH MOHOnJIaH,
CllMOJlembl IIep80u MUP080U 80U1/.bl 699
C Ol(HlfM MOTOpOM fieHQ Bz III; pa3Max KpbJJIbeB - 13,5 M, nJIO-
Iltal(b - 32,2 M KB., l(JIHHa - 9,4 M, B3JIeTHblH Bec - 1494 Kr, MaKClf-
ManbHaJI CKOpOCTb - 175 KM/qaC, CKopOnOl('beMHOCTb Ha BblCOTY
1000 M - 6 MHII., BoopYjKeHHe - 2-3 nYJIeMeTa.
faH3a-BpaH.AeH6ypr KDW - C 1916 r., ol(HOMecTHhIH 6HnJIaH, C
Ol(HHM MOTOpOM EeH Bz III; paaMax KpbIJIbeB - 9,2 M, nJIOIlta.ztb -
20 M KB., JIHHa - 8 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 1210 Kr, MaKCHMaJIbUaJl CKO-
pOCTh - 170 KM/'IaC, cKOpOnol('beMHOCTb Ha BbJCOT)' 1000 M - 5,9 MHH.,
BoopYjKeHHe - 1-2 ny JIeMeTa.
OepTII- W-6 - C 1916 r., 'IeTbIpeXMecTllbIH 6lfnJIaH, C JtBYM MO-
TopaMH MaH6ax Mb IV; pa3MaX KpbIJIbeB - 20 M, nJIOl1(a.ztb - 162,7
M KB., ,ltJIHHa - 14,5 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 5030 Kr, MaKCHManbHa CKO-
pOCTb 118 KM/'IaC, BooPY)KeHHe - 2 ny JIeMeTa.
ABCTPO- BEHfPlfH
ABHamK
IJ.eJIbHoJtepeBRHHbIH 6HnJIaH C <j:>aHepHbIM <pJ03eJIRjKeM u nOJIOT-
H HOH 06mHBKoH KpbIJIbeB H onepeHHR. nepBbIH HCTpe6HTeJIb aBCT-
pO-BeHrepcKoH KOHCTPYKQHH, cnpoeKTupoBaHHbIH rnaBHbIM KOHCT-
PYKTOPOM BeHrepcKoH CPHPMbI ABHaTHK fMEX HHjKenepOM IOJIIIY-
COM <pOH EeprOM. OT JIH'IanCR npocTOTOH H TeXHOJIOrH'IHOCTblO
KOHCTPYK HH, n03BOJI BWeH c06HpaTb ero Ha Ue60JIbWHX cJIa60 oc-
HaIneHHbIx npe,ltnpHRTHRX.
BnepBbIe AOHaTHK (Bepr) D-I nO,ltHRJICR B B03,ltyx B JlHBape
1917 r. B cepHHHoe npoH3BoJtCTBO 3anymeH c <peBpan$l H BbInycKaJI-
Cj{ no OKTR6pb 1918 r. <pHpMaMH ABHaTlIK, 30llH H C1>HaJIa, JIoxHep,
WKF, MAG. Bcero H3rOTOBneHO 740 MaWHH.
C BeCHbI 1917 r. WHpOKO npHMellRJICR Ha IITaJIbRHCKOM, PYCCKOM,
PYMbIHCKOM H MaKe,ltOHCKOM <ppoIlTax.
OCHoBHbIe MO,ltH<pHKaQHH no MOllf.HOCTH ,ltBUraTeJIR: CepH.SI 38 -
JtBHraTeJIb 185 n. C.; cepHR 138 - 200 JI. c. (2 CHHXPOHHbIX PYJIeMeTa);
cepH 238 - 160 JI. c.; cepHR 338 - 225 JI. c. (ycHJIeHHaJi KOHCTPYK-
QHJI KpbIJIa).
,[(BHraTeJIb: ABcTpo-,[(aHMJIep.. BooPYjKellHe: H3Ua'laJIbHO 1 ne-
CIIHXpOHHbIH 4 III BapltJI03e., YCTaHOBneHHbIH Ha KanOTe no,lt yrJIOM
45 (BBepx; BnOCJIe,ltCTBHlf CHHXpOHHbIe nYJIeMCTbI).
TT,[(: pa3Max KpbIJIa - 8 M, nJIOIltaztb - 21,8 M KB., ,ltJII1Ha - 6,95 M,
CYXOM Bec - 610 Kr, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 852 Kr, MaKClIMaJlbHa.Sl CKO-
700
A8ua UR BeJlUKOU 80UHbl
pOCTb - 185 KM/'IaC, CKOpOnOl('beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTy 2000 M - 4 MHH.
36 c, nOTOJIOK - 6100 M.
AaHaTHK 8-11 - C 1915 r., l(BYXMecTHbIH 6HnJIaH, C Ol(HHM MOTO-
pOM ,[(aHMJIep ; pa3MaX KpbIJIbeB - 14 M, nJIOma.ztb - 35,2 M KB.,
l(JIHHa - 8 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 880 Kr, MaKCHMaJIbHCUI CKOpOCTb - 140
KM/'IaC, nOTOJIOK - 2500 M; BoopY)KeHHe - 2 nYJIeMeTa, 60 Kr 60M6.
raH3a-6pa eHoypr
U.eJIbHOl(epeBRHHbIH l(ByxcTOe'lHbIH 6HnJIaH. El(HHCTBeHHbIH ce-
pHHHbIH l(BYXMOTOPHbIH 60M6apl(HpOBIltHK, BbInycKaBwHHcR B ABCT-
po- BeHrpHH, HMeJI repMaHCKoe npoHcxo)l(.l{eHHe. B KOHu:e 1915 r. aBHa-
KOHCTPYKTOP 3pHCT XeHHKeJIb, pa60TaBllIHH B TO BpeMR Ha <pHpMe
raH3a- EpaHl(eH6ypr, cnpoeKTHpOBaJI a3pOnJIaH G-1.
A3pOnJIaH npOllIeJI HcnbITaHHJI B Ha'laJIe 1916 r. H HM Cpa3Y )Ke
3aHHTepeCOBaJIOCb aBcTpHHcKoe BoeHHoe KOMaHl(OBaHHe, Hel(aBHO
npn06peTllIee Y 3TOH <pHpMbI MOl(H<pHKaU:HIO C-1.
BCKope Ha BeHrepCKOM aBHaItHOHHOM 3aBOl(e YHrapHllI <Dmorn.oHr-
<t>a6pHK Ar (UFAG) Ha'ianaCb JIHQeH3HOHHaJi nocTpoMKa 60M6ap.l{lf-
pOBIltlfKa G-1, lfMeBllIero l(epeBJlHHbIH <p103eJIJI)K C <}>aHepHoH 06llIHB-
KOM, 611nJIaHHYIO Kop06KY C 3JIepOHaMH Ha BepXHeM KpbIJIe H xapaK-
TCpHbIMH 3aBaJIeHHbIMH BOBHYTPb CTOHKaMH. nHJIOT H XBOCTOBOl1
CTpeJIOK pa3MelItaJIHCb B 06lIteH Ka6lfHe C 60JIbllIlfM OBaJIbHbIM BbIpe-
30M. B HOCOBOH Ka6HHe CHl(eJI TpeTHH 1{JIeH 3KHnIDKa - CTpeJIOK-60M-
6apl(Hp. Opl1fHHaJIbHOH oc06eHHOCTblO MallIHHbI JlBJIJlJICJI cnoc06 YC-
TaHOBKH l(BHraTeJIeH, npHKpenJIeHHbIX K JIOH)KepOHaM <p103eIDI)Ka Ha
.l{JIHHHbIX a)KypHbIX <pepMax 113 CTaJIbHbIX TPy6 - rpOM03l(KaJI noJI,-
Bep)KeUHiUI BH6paQHJlM KOHCTPYKQI1H.
B BeHrpHlf 6bIJIO nOCTpoeHO 12 MallIHH, HeKOTopbIe 3K3eMnJUlpbI
OTJIH'IaJIHCb 3aocTpeHHoH HOCOBOH KOHU:OBKOH <p103eJIJI)Ka, Y HeKOTO-
pbIX annapaTOB He 6bIJIH 3aKanOTHpOBaHbI l(BHraTeJIH. AnnapaTbI JIO-
CTYUHJIH Ha BoopY)KeHHe Ol(HOH H3 60M6apl(HpOBO'lHbIX 3CKa.ztp aBCT-
PO-HTaJIbJlHCKOrO <ppOHTa B RHBape-<peBpaJIe 1917 r. 3a TPH MeCJlu:a
60eBoH pa60TbI Ha MallIHHax 3Toro THna 6bIJI COBepllIeH Bcero Ol(HH
Yl(a'lHbIH 60eBoH BbIJIeT. B anpeJIe 1917 r. Bce CaMOJIeTbI 6bIJIH Cl(aHbI
Ha 6aabI H 3aMeHeHbI Ha 3aKynJIeHHbIe B repMaHlfH rOTa . BecHoH
1918 r. G-1 elIte paa nOnbITaJIHCb HCnOJIb30BaTb B Ka'leCTBe HO'lHbIX
60M6apl(HpOBlItHKOB, Ol(HaKO l(OBOJIbHO 6bICTpO OTKaaaJIHCb HOT 3TO-
roo JJ:0 caMoro KOHQa BOHHbI anrrapaTbI npHMeH JIHCb TOJIbKO B yqe6-
HbIX nOl(pa3l(eJIeHIDIX.
,[(BHraTeJIH: ABCTpO- ,[(aHMJIep 2 no 160 JI. C. BooPY)KeHHe: 2
nYJIeMeTa IIIBapQJI03e Ha ropH30HTaJIbHbIX nOJIYTYPeJIRx.
C OJlembl IIepeou MUpOeOU eOU1lbl 701
TTJ{: pa3Max KpbIJIbeB - 18 M, IIJIO al(b - 70 M KD., l(JIIIHa -
9,8 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 2740 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHaH CKOpOCTb - 133 KM/
'lac, CKOpOIIOl(1)eMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 3000 M - 30 MItH.
faH3a-6pau,neH6ypr CC (W18) - C 1916 f., Ol(HOMCCTHbuI6nll-
JIaB, C Ol(HIIM MOTOpOM rlfepo»; pa3Max KpbIJIbeB - 9,3 (10,7) M, llJIO-
aAb - 26,52 (34,38) M KB., l(JIlfHa - 7,69 (8,15) M, B3JIeTHbIii Bec -
1080 (1145) Kf, MaKClfMaJIbHa» CKOpOCTb - 160 KM/qaC, CKOPOIIO,l{'b-
eMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 1000 M - 4 MlfH. 50 c, Ha BbICOTY 2000 M - 11,2
MlfH., BoopY)KeHlle - 1-2 IIY JIeMeTa.
faH3a-6paH.n;eH6ypr C-I - C 1915 f., l(BYXMeCTHbIH 6I1IIJIaH, C
Ol(HIIM MOTOpOM l!aHMJIep»; paaMax KpbIJIbeB - 12,25 M, nJIO al(b -
38,5 M KB., l(.7IlfHa - 8,45 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 1196 Kf, MaKCnMaJIbHaH
CKOpOCTb - 140 KM/'laC, CKOpOllOl('beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 4000 M - 36
MlfH., IIOTOJIOK - 5000 M; BoopY)KeHlle - 2 IIYJleMeTa, 170 Kf 60M6.
faH3a- 6paH.AeHoypr D- I - C 1917 f., l(BYXMeCTHbIH 6UllJIaH, c
Ol(HIIM MOTOpOM l!aHMJIep»; pa3MaX KpbIJIbeB - 8,5 M, llJIO a,l{b -
23,95 M KB., l(JIlfHa - 6,35 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 920 Kf, MaKCIIMaJIbHa}l
CKOpOCTb - 187 KM/qaC, CKOpOnOl('beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 1000 M-
3 MHH.; BoopY)KeHlfe - 2 IIY JIeMeTa.
KpOMe 3Toro Y'IaCTBOBaJIH
JIeHep C-I - C 1915 f., l(BYXMeCTHbIH 6lfIIJIaH, C Ol(HUM MOTOpOM
J{aHMJIep ; pa3MaX KpbIJIbeB - 13,45 M, IIJIOl.l{al(b - 32 M KB., l(JIM-
Ha - 9,22 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 1360 Kf, MaKCIIMaJIbHaH CKOpOCTb - 137
KM/qaC, IIOTOJIOK - 3500 M; BoopY)KeHlfe - 2 IIY JleMeTa, 80 Kf 60M6.
JIJloitn C-II - C 1915 f., l(BYXMeCTHbIH 6MIIJIall, C Ol(HIIM MOTO-
pOM rlfepo ; pa3MaX KpbIJIbeB - 14 M, rrJIO al(b - 38 M KB., l(JllfHa -
9 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 1400 Kf, MaKCIIMaJIbHaH CKOpOCTb - 128 KM/
'lac, IIOTOJIOK - 3000 M; BoopY)KeHlle - 2 IIY JIeMeTa, 90 Kf 60M6.
6epr C-I - C 1917 f., l(BYXMeCTHbIH 611 llJIaH , C OJJ,HIIM MOTOpOM
ABcTpo-J{aHMJIep ; pa3Max KpbIJIbeB - 8,4 M, l(JIlfHa - 7,6 M, B3JIeT-
HbIM Bec - 865 Kf, MaKCIIMaJIbHasI CKOpOCTb - 186 KM/'laC, CKOPOIIOl('b-
eMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 1000 M - 3,75 MlfH., IIOTOJIOK - 6400 M; BOOpy-
)KeHMe - 2 rry JIeMeTa.
Y<jJar C-I - C 1917 f., l(BYXMeCTHbIH 6lfllJIaH, C Ol(HIIM MOTOpOM
.rMepo ; pa3MaX KpbIJIbeB - 10,72 M, IIJlOl.l{aJ{b - 32,1 M KB., l(JlHHa -
7,2 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 1250 Kf, MaKClfMaJIbHaH CKOpOCTb - 190 KM/
'lac, CKOpOIIOl('beMHOCTb - 6 M/C, JIOTOJIOK - 4900 M; BooPY)KeHUe -
2 IIYJIeMeTa, 100 Kf 60M6.
4>eHHKc C-I - C 1917 f., l(BYXMeCTHbIM 6I1IIJIaH, C Ol(HMM MOTO-
pOM rlfepo» L; pa3Max KpbIJIbeB - 11 M, IIJIOmal(b - 29 M KB., .l!JIlf-
702
Aeuau,UR BeJlUKOU 80Ullbl
Ha - 7,5 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 1240 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHaR CKOpOCTb - 182
KM/qaC, CKoponO,l('beMHOCTb Ha BbICOT)' 2000 M - 10,7 MHH., IIOTOJIOK -
6000 M; BOOPY:>KeHHe - 2 ny JIeMeTa, 50 Kr 60M6.
(!)eHHKc A (W-tS) - C 1917 f., O,l(HOMeCTHbIH 6HnJIaH, C O,l(HHM
MOTOpOM «ABCTpO-)1aHMJIep.; paaMaX KpbIJIbeB - 10,7 M, nJIOm;aztb -
34,5 M KB., ,l(JIHHa - 6,1 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 1150 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHaR
CKOpOCTb - 180 KM/qaC, cKopono.n;'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 1000 M -
7 MHH., nOTOJIOK - 6000 M; BoopY:>KeHHe - 1 nymKa.
(!)eHHKc 0-1 (0-11) - C 1917 f., O,l(HOMeCTHbIH 6HIIJIaH, C O.n;HHM
MOTOpOM «rHepO.; paaMax KpbLTlbeB - 9,8 (9,9) M, ,l(JlHHa - 6,62 (6,6) M,
B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 805 Kr, MaKCHMaJIbHM CKOpOCTb - 180 KM/tlaC, CKO-
pOnO,l('beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 2000 M - 7 MHH. (Ha BbICOTY 1000 M -
3 MHH.); Boop)')KeHHe - 2 nYJIeMeTa.
MH3ec R-I - C 1916 f., ,l(BYXMeCTHbIH 6HnJIaH, C tleTbIpbM$I MOTO-
paMH «)1aHMJIep.; paaMaX KpbIJIbeB - 22,6 M, nJIOm;a,l(b - 118 M KB.,
,l(JIHHa - 15,4 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 4720 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHaR CKOpOCTb -
150 KM/qaC, CKOpOnO,l('beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 1000 M - 7 MJlH., nOTO-
JIOK - 2500 M; BoopY)KeHHe - 4 nYJIeMeTa, 500 Kr 60M6.
fH.l(pOCaMOJIeThl
JIeHep L - C 1915 f., ,l(BYXMeCTHbIH 6HnJIaH, C O,l(HHM MOTOpOM
«ABCTpo-)1aHMJIep.; pa3MaX KpbIJIbeB - 16,3 M, nJIOIl{a,z{b - 52,7 M
KB., ,l(JIHHa - 10,2 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec -.1031 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHCUI CKO-
pOCTb - 104 KM/qaC, cKoponoJJ;'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOT)' 1000 M - 20 MHH.,
BoopY)KeHUe - 1 ny JIeMeT, 200 Kf 60M6.
<l>PAHUUH
BJIepHO
UeJIbHO.l{epeBHHHbIH paCqaJIOqHbIH BbICOKOnJIaH C nOJIOTHHHOH
0611IHBKOH nepe,l(HeH tlaCTH <l>I03eJI$I:>Ka, KpblJIa H onepeHH$I. C03,l(aH B
1909 f. CTpOWIC$I cepHHHo BO MHOfHX MO.l{H<pHIGU H$lX Ha <pHpMe EJIe-
pRO, a TaK)Ke no JIH eH3HH B 11 TaJIHH Ha <pHpMe COCbeTa 11 TaJIbHHa
TpaHca3po (SIT) H B POCCHH Ha 3aBO,l(aX llI.eTlfHRHa H «t(YKC..
nepBblM H3 3TOH ceplflf nplfHHJI yqaCTRe B BoeHHblX .l{eiiCTBHHX
«DJICpHO XI , npOCJIaBHBIlIHH cBoero X03 HHa nepeJIeTOM qepe3 JIa-
MaHIlI. OH nplfHHMaJI YtiaCTHe Y)Ke B KaMnaHH$lX 11 TaJIO- TypeU;Kow
(1911-1912 fr.) R EaJIKaHCKOl1 (1912--.1913 ff.) K HatlaJIY TIepnofI
Mlfponow BOHHbI COCTOHJI na BoopY)KeHIUi <DpaH RR, HTaJIHH, BeJIH-
Ko6pRTaHHR, ECJIbflfH, a TaIOKe EOJIfapHH. B POCClfH K HaqaJIY BOW-
CtlMOJlembl IIep80u .MUP080U 80Ullbl 703
Hbl 6bL1I0 OKOJIO 50 CaMOJIeTOB SToro THna (113 HIIX 30 PYCCKOH nOCT-
pOHKH), KOTopble HCIIOJIh30BaJIHCb B YQe6HbIX ueJIHX.
Ha 3an3J{HOM <l>poHTe npHMeHHJICH KaK p33BeJ(tIHK H caMOJIeT CBj{-
3H H HHor,na l(JIH 60M60MeTallHH. I1MH 6bIJIH BoopY)I(eUbI 6 cPpaHl!Y3-
CKHX H 6 HTaJIbHHCKHX 3CKal(PHJIHil, HMeJUICb OHH H n 4-x aHrJIJ1H-
CKHX l(HBH3HOHax. llOHBJIeHlfe B fepMallcKoII aBuaUllU I1cTpe6HTeJlcfI
BbIlIYl(HJIO nepeBeCTII BecHoH 1915 r. Bce THXOXOl(HbIC HenoopY)KCII-
HbIe aSpOnJIaHbI B yqe6HbIe no.apa3,neJIeHIIH.
OCHoBHbIe BOeJlHbIe MOl(H<I>IfKaU:HH:
.EJIepHO XI MHJIHT3p (BoeuHhIH) - SKllna)JC 1 qeJIOBeK, l(BHra-
TeJIb .1HOM 50 JI. C.;
.EJIepHO XI ApTHJlJIepH (apTHJIJIepJiHCKHH) - SKHna)l( 2 t.JeJIO-
BeKa, ,l{BHraTeJIb . rHOM 70 JI. C.;
.BJIepHO XI )KeHJI (HH)I(eHepHbIii) - .apT)17IJIepniicKlIi1: c YCI1-
JJellHbIM waCCH II BHl(OH3MeHeHHbIM XBOCTODblM OnepelIJICM.
BOOPY)KeHHe He npel(YCMOTpeHO; B OT,neJlbHbIX CJIyqa}lX Ha 60pT
6pa.nH ,no lleCKOJIbKHX He60JIbWJlX 60M6, c6pacbIBaeMbIx BpyqUYIO J1JIII
npH I10MOIUH CaMOl(eJILHhIX npuCIIOC06JIeHlIi'I.
TT,[( EJIepHO XI-2: p33Max KpblJla - 10,35 M, nJIOIlI:Mb - 25,5
M KD., l(JIHHa - 8,5 M, D3JIeTHbIli Bec - 585 Kr, MaKCHMaJlbHaH CKO-
pOCTb - 106 KM/qaC, CKopono,n'beMHOCTb Ha BbICO-ry 1000 M - 14 MJiH.,
nOTOJIOK - 1300 M.
Bya3eH
<1>epMeHHblH l(DyxMecTlIbIH 6UnJIaH C TOJIKaJ01ijHM BHHTOM. KOIl-
CTPYKU:HR CMeWaHHaH. CTOHKH xnOCTOBOH Q>epMbl, JIOIDKepOHbI, KpbI-
JIa II CTOHKH 6HlIJIaHHOH Kop06KH - CT3JIbHbIe Tpy6bI. rOHJtOJJa 06-
WHTa Q>aHepoH, KPbl]]b$l II onepeUHe 06THHYThI nOJIOTHOM. nepnllil
MOl(HQ>HKaU:HH ( . Bya3ell L ) C MOTOpOM pOTaTHBHoro Tuna I10CTpOC-
Ha 6paTb$lMH BYa3en B caMOM lIat.JaJJe 1914 r. B anpeJJe TOrO)f(e rOl(a
6bIJIa HCnbITaHa MOl(HQ>HKaUJHI 4 Bya3eH LA , OCHall.{eHJlCUI 3Be3,no-
06pa3HbIM l(DHraTeJIeM DOJ(SlHoro OXJIa)Kl(eHHH CaJIbMCOII It C yne-
JIHqeHHbIM pa3MaXOM BepXHero KpbIJIa.
C HaqaJIOM BOHHbl Bya3eH LA npuHSlT Ha BoopY)I(eH.He <ppau-
nY3CKOH aBHaUHH. EbIJJ pa3BcpHyr cepHHHbIH HbInycK annapaTa. Bce-
TO 33 1914-1915 rr. BO <1>paHUHu 6bIJIO nocTpoello OKono 800 annapa-
TOD SToro Tlina. EbIJIO TalOKe BblIlymelio Ue60JIbWOe KOJIIit.JeCTBO MO-
JtH<pHKaUlfH BYa3eH LB , BoopY)f(eHHOH 37-MM nYIlIKoii rOl{KlICC»-.
B Ho 6pe 1914 r. no C!>paIlUH1I6bIJIO CcPopMlIponaHo nepaoe 60M-
6ap,lUIpOB04Hoe nOl.1pa3,lJ.CJICUHC (Groupe de Bombardclnent).
AnnapaT SToi'" KOHCTPYKlI.UII, He o6JIaJ{a BbIJ{aIOUUIMHC JIeTHbI-
704
A8ua UR BeJlUKOU 80U1/.bl
MH JJ,aHHbIMH, 6bIJI npOqeH, Halte)l(eH H JIerOK B ynpaBJIeHHH, n03TOMY
nOJIyqHJI IIIHpOKoe pacnpOCTpaHeHHe H HCnOJIb30BaJICH He TOJIbKO BO
<pPOHTOBbIX 3CKaJJ,pHJIbHX, no H B JIeTHbIX IIIKOJIax.
C cepeJJ,HHbI 1915 r. HaqaJIH BblnYCKaTb Mo.n;H<pHKan;HIO BYa3eH
LAS» (Sureleve - YJIyqIIIeHHbIH) C YCHJIeHHbIM IIIaCCH, 60JIee MOIl{-
HbIM MOTOpOM H pH.n;OM .n;PyrHx HOBoBBe,n:eHHH. l{o KOHn;a ro.n;a 6bIJIO
BblnYIl1eHO 350 annapaTOB TaKoro THna.
PacTYIl1He nOTepH THXOXOl{HbIX CJIa60BoopY)KeHHbIX MaIIIHH BbI-
Hy.n;HJIH <ppaHn;Y30B oceHblO 1915 r. BpeMeHHO npHOCTaHOBHTb }{Hen-
Hble 6oM6apJtHpOBOqHble peH.n;bI. Bya3eHbI» nepeKBaJIH<pHn;HpoBa-
JUICb B HO\.[HbIe 6oM6ap.n;HpOBIl1HKH. Ha nepBbIH nJIaH BbIIIIJIa He06xo-
,n:HMOCTb YBeJIHqeHHR JJ,aJIbHOCTH nOJIeTa H nOJIe3HOH HarpY3KH, B
PC3Y JIbTaTe qero rrOHBMJIaCb MOl{H<pHKan;HH BYa3eH 8 LAP», OT JIH-
qalOIl{aJlCR JIHIIIb .n;BHraTeJIeM Bo,n:RHoro OXJIa)K,l{eHHH ne)l(o», CJler-
Ka H3MeHeHHoH <pOpMOM rOH.n.OJIbI II KpynHbIMH KanJIeBH.n;HbIMH 6eH-
306aKaMH, pacnOJIO)l(eHHbIMH Me)Kl{Y nJIOCKOCTHMH. AnnapaT Mor He-
CTH 180 Kr60M6. TIpe)l(HHe MO.n;H<pHKan;HH B 1916 r. CTanH nepeBOl{HTb
B yqe6Hble no.n;pa3.n;eJIeHWH. B 1916-1918 rr. 6bIJIO BbInYIl1eHO 1100
3K3CMnJIHpOB HOBOH MOJJ,H<pHKan;uM, cTanIIIeH HaH60JIee MaCCOBbIM
HO\.[HbIM 6oM6ap.n;HpoBIUHKOM. B Haqa.ne 1918 r. Ha Hero 6bIJI YCTa-
HOBJleH 300-CHJIbHbIH PeHO» (MO.n;HcPHKaltH.SI LAR), 6JIaro.n;apR \.[eMY
60M6oBaJI HarpY3Ka B03pOCJIa.n;0 270 Kr. 3TH MOl{H<pHKan;HH 6bIJIH BO-
opY)l(eHbI 37 -MM nYlliKoH rOqKI1CC» (LBP H LBR), o.n;HaI(O 3TO He
nOJIY\.[MJIO pacrrpOCTpaHeHHH H3-3a HeB03MO)l(HOCTH npHn;eJIbHOll
CTpeJIb6bI B HOt{Hoe BpeM>1.
ITepBbIe BYa3eHbI LAP» nOCTYUHJIH Ha <ppOIiT B KOHue 1916 r., a
K MapTY 1917 r. OHH nOJIHOCTblO 3aMeHHJIH Bce MOl{H<pHKan;HH C .n.BII-
raTeJIeM CaJIbMCOH». COCTORJIH Ha BoopY)l(eHHH 26-TII 3CKaJtPMJIldi
<DpaHUHIf. PeryJIHpHO cOBepllIaJII16oM60Bble peH.n;bI Ha BoeHHo-npo-
MbIIllJIeHHbIe 06'beKTbI [epMaHuH.
B POCCHH CHaqa.na npOH3BOJJ,HJIHCb Ha MOCKOBCKOM 3ano.n;e l{YKC»
annapaTbI Bya3eH LA»-, a BnOCJIeJJ,CTBHH LAS»-. I1x npOH3BOl{CTBO
rrpoJJ,OJI)I(aJIOCb H B 1917 r. Bcero 3aBOJJ,OM l!YKC» Cl{aHO BoeHHoMY
BeJJ,OMCTBY He 60JIee 350 annapaTOB TaKoro THna, 153 CaMOJJeTa nOCT-
pOHJI 3aBO.n; JIe6e.n;eBa B IIeTep6ypre H OKOJIO 10 - MaCTepCKHe Tepe-
Il1eHKO rroJJ, KHeBoM. Ha 1 ceHTH6pH 1917 r. B aBHaUHOHHbIX OTpRJJ,ax
POCCHH HaCqHTbIBaJIOCb OKOJIO 70 MaIIIHH 3Toro Tuna.
TaIOKe 112 annapaTOB nOCTpOliJIa HTaJIbHHCKCUI <pHpMa SIT, oc-
HaCTHB HX MOTopaMH BOl{HHOrO OXJIa)l(,l{eHHH <I>MaT», I130TIa-CI>pac-
KUHM» UJIH PelIo». 3TH MaIIIHllbI HMeJIH nOJIyo<pHIUfaJIhHOe na3Ba-
lIne BYa3eH SIT».
CaMOJlembl JIepeou MUpOeOU eOUllbl 705
B 6pHT3HCKOM KOpOJIeBCKOM B03l(YlliHOM Kopnyce tIHCJIHJIOCh 94
«Byaaen3 LA , H3 KOTOpbIX 44 6bIJIH KyrrJleHbI BO <1>p3HltHM, 30CTaJIb-
HbIC nOCTpOeHbI 3HrJIUllCKOH qnrpMoif CaBMl()I(3. 9TH CaMOJIeThI JIeTa-
JUI B MeCOnOT3MMM, naJIeCTMHe M 6aCCeMUe 3rCMCKOfO MOp .
)1BMfaTeJIb: (L): rHOM 70 JI. C. MJIM «POII 80 JI. C.; (LA): «CaJIb-
MCOH 120-130 JI. C.; (LAS): CaJIbMCOH 150-160 JI. c. BoopY)Ke-
HMe: 1-2 IIlKBopHeBbIX nYJIeMCT3, OT 47 /-{O 230 Kf 60M6.
TT)1: paaM3X KpbIJIa III LA (V LAS) - 14,74 M (15,95) LAP -
18, nJIOma,z:u) - 54 M KB (45) LAP - 63, l(JIIIHa 9,5 M (9,6) LAP -
10,35, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 1200 Kf (1470) LAP - 1860, MaKCUMaJIbUa}1
CKOpOCTb - 115 KM/tIaC (105) LAP -- 118, cKOpOnO.lJ.'beMHOCTb Ha
BbICOTY 2000 M - 23 MMII., nOTOJIOK - 3000 M (3500) LAP - 4300.
<l>apMaH
)1ByxcTOetIHbIIl rrOJIYToparrJIall C TOJIKaIOll{HM BHHTOM. Pa3pa6o-
Tall AHpM <DapMaHoM B 1912 f. KOHCTPYKUH CMelliaIlIla . np0.l10JIh-
HhIe 6aJIKlI XBOCTOBOH <pepMbI, KOHTypbI onepeHH M 3JIeMeHThI urac-
elf 113 CTaJIbHbIX Tpy6, KpbIJIh l(epeB IIHbIe C rrOJIOTH$iIIOii 06IllHBKOI1,
fOHl(OJIa BbIKJIeeH3 H3 <paHepbI.
B 1913 f. nplln T Ha BoopY)KeHMe (ppaIIUY3cKHX, aHfJIHMCKHX,
6eJIbfUMCKMX H PYCCKHX BBC <1>apMaH-15 B KaqeCTBC cpe.llCTBa CB -
311 M pa3BeJ{KH. n03l(Hee nO BIIJIC B 11 Ta.JHUI M PYMbIHlfH, a TaK)KC
HeKOTopbIX l(pyrllx CTpaHax. C03/-{aUHbIe BCJIel( 3a rrepBOlf npHJI TOH
Ha BOOpY)KCHMe MOl(UQ)HK31U1H 16, 20 M 21 OTJIHtIaJIHCb nJIOI a.lJ.b]O
I<pbIJIbeB M PMOM He3UatIHTeJIbHbIX TeXHMqeCKMX YJIytIllIeluu':'r. Bce TPli
MO.l1u<pHKaJ.J;HI1 cepHIfHo BbInycKaJIilCb na 3aBOl(aX ( lfPMbI <1>apMaH H
DHJIJIauKypTe, a TaIOKe Ha PYCCKJIX 3anoJt3X III.eTHHIIHa, JIc6Cl(eBa H
)1YKC)j). Beef 0 B POCCllI-1 6 IJIO nOCTpoelIO OKOJIO 300 <1>-16, OKOJIO
200 <1>- 20 H $-21.
B 1914 r. no <DpaHUHH M B PoccIIH3anYIIteH B npOIf3BO}].CTno <D-22;
Y nefO YJIyqwella KOHCTPYKJ.J;HjI maCCH (HeT npOTHBOKanOTa)KHbIX
JIbI)K) Ii 60JIee IIlHpOKO nCnOJIb30Ban MeTaJlJI.
K HatIaJIY OOHlIbI <DapMaHbI Bcex MO.lJ.II<plIKal!HM 6blJIH BeCbMa
nonYJIRpHbl H3-3a npOCTOTbl nMJIOTHpOnalUUI. Ha 3anaJ{HOM cPpoHTe
IIMH 6bIJIM nOJIHOCTblO oCHaIIleHbI 5 <ppaHUY3cKIIX, 6 aHrJIUilcKMX II 2
6eJIbfUMCKHX aCK3JtpHJIbH. OJtHaKo YCT3noBKa nYJleMeT3 H npIUU[TUe
Ha 60pT He60JlbWOH 6oM60ooH 113rpY3KII pe3Ko YXYJuuaJIu JICTHbIC
Ka t lccTo33nnapaTa. B pe3Y JI.aTe K JICTY t 91 5 r. na 3anClJ{e, a B na4a.ne
1916 r. B POCCHU IIX nepeoeJIII D paapR1t ytte6Ublx.
n I1attaJIe 1915 f. nORDHJICR <1>-27, IIMCBllIldi CYll1eCTBCHHbIe 113-
MCHelflUI D KOHCTPYKUHU nJl Hepa U CHJIOOOH YCTaHOBl(H. YOCJIUtIeli
24 ABHauH- BeJlHKOA BOAHbI
706
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80Ullbl
pa3MaX HM)KHerO KpbIJIa, YCTaHOBJIeHO qeTbIpeXKOJIeCHOe waCCM .BY-
a3eHOBCKoro TMna H 3Ha1.JHTeJIbHO 60JIee MOlltHbIH J],BMraTeJIb BOJ],R-
Horo OXJIroKlteHHR Ca.rrbMCOH»>. KpOMe Toro, B OTJIH1.JHe OT npeJ],bIJ{Y-
IJ..{HX MOJ],eJIeH, 3J],eCb JIeT1.JMK pa3MelltaJICR cnepeJ],H, a Ha6JIIOJ],aTeJIb -
C3a,z{H. Ha <pHpMe <1>apMaH B 1915 r. nOCTpoeHO OKOJIO 100 MaWHH Ta-
Koro TMna H B 1917 r. 50 annapaTOB BbInYCTHJI 3aBOJ], )1YKC»> B MOCK-
Be. 3Ta MOJ],H<pMKal.{HR He nOJIY1.JHJIa wMpOKoro pacnpOCTpaHeHMR;
60JIbWMHCTBO M3 HMX npHMeHRJIMCb B KaqeCTBe pa3Be,a;1.JHKOB Ha BTO-
pOCTeneHHbIX <PPOHTax: B MaKe,a;OHHH, MeconOTaMMM H llaneCTHHe.
30 annapaTOB, nepeJ],aHHbIX aHrJIM1.JaHaM, npHHMMano Y1.JaCTHe B )1ap-
J],aHeJIJIbCKOH Onepal.{HH.
)1BHraTeJIH: rHOM 70,80 H 100 JI. C., .POH. 80 JI. C., K.nepJKe
80 JI. C., rHOM-MoHocynan. 100 JI. C., CaJIbMCOH 150 JI. c.
BOOPYJKeHHe He npeJ],YCMOTpeHO. Ha HeKOTopbIX MamMHax YCTa-
HaBJIHBaJIM «KOJIbT»>, .BHKKepc MJIH JIbIOHC»> Ha WKBopHeBOH YC-
TaHOBKe B Ka6MHe JIeTHa6a.
TTl{: paJMax KpbIJIa <1>-16 (<1>-22; <1>-27) - 13,6 M (15,0; 16,15),
nJIOmaJ],b - 35 M KB. (41; 60,6), ,l(JIHHa - 8,06 (8,9; 9,22), B3JJeTHbIH
Bec - 650 Kr (680; 1050), MaKCMMaJIbHaR CKOpOCTb - 90 KM/tIaC (90;
132), CKoponOJ],'heMHOCTb Ha BhICOTY 2000 M - 55 MHH. (55; 20), no-
TOJIOK - 2500 M (2500; 4500).
KpoMe Toro, cymecTBOBaJIH MO.ll.H<pHKaI!HH <1>3pM31Ia, pa3pa60-
TaHHbIe pO.ll.lIbIM 6paToM AHplf MOpHCOM C1>apMaHoM. MOpHC cDap-
MaH) rrpeJ],CTaBJIRJI C060H MHorOCTOetIHbu1.l1.ByxMecTHhIH 6HnJIaH CMe-
waHHOH }(OHCTpYKI{HIf C TOJIKalOmMM BHHTOM. MOpHC npe.ll.nOtIHTaJI
He pOTaTHBlIbIe, 3 CTal.(HOnapHhle .lI.BHraTeJIH, HHOM cnoc06 YCTpOMCTBa
rOH,a;OJIbI (.nOJ{BeWHBaH1I.S1 ee Ha cToiiKax MeJKJ],Y KpbIJIbRMII), ,lJ;BOM-
nwe PYJIH nOBopOTa H T. J],. EJIarOJ],apR 60JIee MOlltHbIM MOTopaM, aII-
napaTbI MopHca npenOCXOJ],HJIH MallIHHbI ero 6paTa.
M<1>-11 BbInYCKaJICR cepMHHO Ha <pHpMe cDapMaH, a TalOKe B J1Ta-
JIHM, r.ll.e Ha Hero YCTaHal:JJIHBaJIH MOTOp <I>HaT A-10 . A3pOnJIaH HatIaJI
rrOCT)'naTb na <ppOIlT B Mae 1915 r., rrOCTeneHHO 3aMeHAA MOJ],H<pHKaLlHJf
Anpn. 3TOT arrnapaT nOJIy1.JHJI 60JIee IllHpOKoe pacnpOCTpaHeHHe Ha 33-
liane, B PoccnH I1O'!TH He BcrpetIaJICR. B 1915-1916 IT. Ha M cD-11 BoeBa-
JIH 37 <ppaHl.1Y3CKHX H 24 IITaJIbRHCKHX 3CKaJJ;pHJIbH. OrJ{eJlbHbIC auna-
paThI IICnOJIb30BaJUICb anrmitIaUaMH B MaKeJ],oHMH M B )1apJ],aHeJIJlbCKoti
orrcpaIJ.HII. B Ha1.JaJIe 1916 r. CTaJIH nepeBO.ll.HTbCR B paapM )"Ie6UbIx, J.(OJlb-
me Bcero npo,a;ep:>KaJUICb Ha lITaJIbRHCKOM cppoHTe.
)1BuraTeJIH: PeHo .lI.BYXpj{J],HbIH V -06Pa3HbIH BO.l\RHOrO OXJlaJK-
J],eHHR 80, 100 HJIJf 130 J1. C., HJIn aUaJIOrn1.JUbIH l!c)1Hon 100 IUIII
130 JI. c.
CaMOJlembl IIep80u MUP080U 80Ullbl 707
BOOPY)KeHHe - Ha HeKOTopbIX MalIIHHax YCTaHaBJIHBaJICH WKBOp-
HeBhlH rrYJIeMeT.
TT.l1: paaMax KpbIJIa - 15,9 M, rrJIOIIt3J{b - 60,6 M KB., ,ltJIlfua -
9,3 M, B3JICTHbIM Bec 960 Kr, MaKCHMaJIbHaH CKOpOCTb - 116 KM/qaC,
CKOpOrrO,lt'beMHOCTb Ha BblCOTY 2000 M - 21 MHH., rrOTOJIOK - 4100 M.
B Cepe,ltHHe 1915 r. 6paTbH 061>e,ltlfHMJIIf YCHJIIUl. llepBbIM pe3YJIb-
TaTOM HX COBMeCTHOH pa60TbI CTaJI <1>-30 - ,ltByxMecTHbIH rrOJIYTO-
parrJIaH CMelIIaHHOH KOHCTPYKQHH C TOJIKalOIItHM BHHTOM H Q>epMeH-
HbIM <p103eIDI)KeM. Ha 3arra.u;e WHpOKO He rrpHMeHHJIHCb, HO CTaJIH HaH-
60JIee MaCCOBbIMH aapOrrJIaHaMH B POCCHH. 3TO 061>HCHHeTCH TeM, qTO
<1>-30 HapMY C ByaaeHoM, OKa3aJICH HaH60JIee rrO,ltXO,ltHIItHM ,ltJIj{ YC-
TaHOBKlf caMoro pacrrpOCTpaHeHHoro B POCCliH ,ltBHraTeJIH «CaJIbM-
COH .
llepBbIe $-30 rrOrraJIH Ha Q>paHKo-repMaHcKIIH Q>POHT B ,lteKa6pc
1915 r., HO BCKope <pHpMa 3arrYCTlIJIa B rrpOH3BO,ltCTBO C1>-40, OTJIH-
qaBlIIlfHCH YBeJIHqeHHbIMH pa3MepaMIf, l{BHraTeJIeM, YJIYlIlIIeHHoH
cHcTeMoH waCCH If 60JIee 06TeKaeMOii rOHJ{OJIOH, BbIKJleeUIIOM: 113 wno-
Ha. B ]J.aJIbHCHlIIeM BbIIIYCKaJICH l!CJIbIH pHJ{ BaplfaHTOB 3TOti MalllH-
Hbl, aKTHBHO rrpHMeHHBllIHXCj{ BO Q>paUl1Y3CKOM: u 6CJIbrMiicKoti BoeH-
HOM: aBHaQHH. 47 <l>paUl1Y3cKHX II 2 6eJIbrHHCKIIx 3CK3J{pllJIbH JIeTaJUI
B 1916 r. Ha $-40 Hero MO,ltH<I>HKal{Ifj{X. MO,ltHQ>HKal(HH OTJIHlIaJII1Cb
rrpe)KJJ.e ncero MOIItHOCTblO ,ltBliraTeJIbHOH YCTaHOBKH, H HHOf.lla ttPY-
rHMH MeJIKHMH YCOBepllIenCTBOBaHHHMH. HarrplfMep, B $-41 H
$-61 - 6bIJI YMeHbweH pa3MaX BepXHero KpblJIa. OJ{HaKo HeycTpa-
nlfMblH rropOK Bcex CaMOJIeTOB TaKoH KOHCTPYKQHH - OTCYTCTBlfe 3a-
IUHTbl XBOCTa - ,lteJIaJI HX JIerKOH .ll06blqeH .l{JIH rcpMaHCKHX HCTpe6u-
TeJIeH. ll03TOMY B Q>eBpaJIe 1917 r. cppaHUY3cKHH .l1HpcKTopaT a3po-
HaBTI1KH H3,ltaJI rrpHKa3 0 3arrpeTe .llaJIbHeHlIlero CTpOIITeJIbCTBa 60eBbix
CaMOJICTOB, B TOM qlfCJIe H paaBeJ{\{HKOB, C 3a,ltHHM pacrrOJIOJKeUHeM
CHJIOBOH YCTaHOBKI1. <1>apMaHbl Ha\{aJIH CHHMaTb C BoopYJKeHI1j{, XOTR
HeKOTopoe BpeMH OHH ell!e I1CrrOJIb30BaJIHCb B pOJIH HO\{HbIX 60M6ap-
JtHpOBlJ..{HKOB.
.l1BllraTeJIb: <1>-30 - «CaJIbMCOJ[ OT 135 ,lt0 175 11. C.; cD-40 -
PeHo BO,ltHHOrO OXJIIDKJ{eHHH 150 HJIH 160 JI. C.; <1>-56 - «PCIlO
170 JI. C., YBeJIII\{eH pa3Mep pa,ltUaTOpa; cD-60 - «PeHo 190 JI. c. Bo-
0PY)KeHHc: 1 rrYJleMeT rO\{KHCC , «JIbIOIfC HJIH KOJIbT Ha lIIKBOp-
HenOl1 HJIH TypeJIbHOH YCTaHoBKc; J{O 220 Kf 60M6.
T'rl!: paaMax KpbIJIbeB $-30 (C1>-40) - 15,81 M (17,6), nJIOIual{b -
50 M KB. (53), ttJIHHa - 9,2 M (11), B3JIeTHbIl'I nec - 1120 Kr (1180),
MaKCI1MaJIbHaj{ CKOpOCTb - 135 KM/\{aC, rrOTOJIOK - 4500 M.
B KOHl1e 1917 r.l.(errapTaMeIlT A3poHaBTHKlI Cl>paHUI1H pa30CJIaJI
708
A8ua UR BeJlUKOU 80U:Hbl
no aBHacpHpMaM TeXHH1.JeCKOe 3a,naHHe BN2 Ha T [)KeJIbIM H01.JHO:f} 60M-
6apJU1pOBIUHK. MaIIIHHa ,n:OJI:>KHa 6bIJIa no,n:HHMaTb He MeHee 500 Kf
60M6 H HMeTb pa,ll;HYC ,n:eMcTBHR ,n:o 500 KM. <I>HpMa <I>apMaH pa3pa60-
TaJIa KPynHbIH CaMOJIeT npHHl.{HnHaJIbHO HHOM cxeMbI nocTpo [KH -
.ztBYXMOTOPHbIM u;eJIbHo,n:epeBHHHbIM MHorOCTOe1.JHbIM 6HnJIafi C 3aK-
pbITbIM cpI03eJIH)KeM, KOTOpbIM nOJI)'1.JHJI 0603Ha1.JeHHe <1>-50» t!BH-
raTeJIH H 6eH306aKH pa3MelUaJIHCb B 06TeKaeMbIx ,n:lOpaneBbIX rOH,n:o-
JIax. 3KHnCl)K COCTOHJI 113 3-x qeJIOBeK (KpOMe nI1JIOTa, 60M6ap,n:Hpa H
llITypMaHa, BbInOJIHHBllIHX 06H3aHHOCTI1 CTpeJIKOB).
IlepBbIM 3K3eMnJIHp <I>-50» no,n:HHJICH B B03,n:yx 5 HIOHH 1918 r.
H B TeqeHl1e MeCRu;a HcnbITaHHM nOKa3aJI BnOJIHe npl1eMJIeMbIe JIeT-
HbIe ,n:aHHbIe. B HIOJIe 6bIJI 3anYlUeH B cepHMHoe npOJl3Bo,n:CTBO, H K
oceHH Y)Ke 6bIJIO BbInYlUeHo 17 3K3eMnJIHpOB MallI11HbI, 3aTeM.n;0 KOH-
u;a BOl1HbI elUe 45. IlepBbIe cepHMHbIe MallIHHbI nocTynHJIH Ha <ppOHT
30 IfIOHH. IlepBbIM 60eBoM BbIJIeT COCTOHJICH B HOqb C 10 Ha 11 aBrycTa.
B nepBoM nOJIOBHHe ceHTH6pR npOH3011IJIO TPM KaTaCTpo<pbI 113-
3a He,n:OCTaT01.JHOM Ha,n:e)KHOCTI1,n:Bl1raTeJUI «JIoppeH- t!HTPHX)) 40 I1JIH
275 JI. c. (paCCJIe,n:oBaHHe nOKa3anO, qTO MeXaHI1KH He,n:OCTaTOql.. u TlUa-
TeJIbHO H CBoeBpeMeHHO np0I13Bo,n:MJIH qHCTKY MOTOpOB). fepM3HCKI1e
)Ke 60eBbIe CaMOJIeTbI OKa3aJIMCh npaKTHqeCKH 6eCCI1JIbHbIMH I1pOTHB
HI1X, 11 60eBbIX nOTepb He 6bIJIO. B OKT.sI6pe «<D-50)) COBepllIaJIH pery-
JIHpHbIe H01.JHbIe HaJIeTbI Ha :>KeJIe3Ho,n:opO:>KHbIe CTaHQHI1 B 3ar'Ia,n:HOM
fepMaHl111 H B OKKynHpOBaHHOM 1.JaCTH <I>paHQHI1, C6POCHB B :06lUeM
CJIO)KHOCTI1 OKOJIO 20 T 60M6. IlocJIe,n:HHM 60eBoM BhIJIeT <D-50)) co-
nepmMJI B HOqb C 9 Ha 10 HOH6pR, 3a CYTKH ,n:o 3aKJIIOqeHHR nepeMH-
pl1H.
TT lI: «<I>-50 : pa3Max KpbIJIa - 22,8 M, nJIOlUa,lI;b - 95,4:M KB.,
,n:JIHHa - 12 M, B3JIeTHbIM Bec - 3116 Kf, MaKCMMaJIhHM CKOpOCTb -
151 KM/1.JaC, cKopono,n:'bCMHOCTb na BbICOTY 2000 M - 12 MHlI., nOTO-
JIOK - 4750 M, ,n:aJIbHOCTb - 1800 KM.
laK)Ke npMHHMaJlH yqaCTHe B 60eBbIx ,n:eMcTBHHX Mo,n:I1$HKaUI1I1
McD-20 C 1914 r. H M<D-40 C 1915 r.
<DapMan M<I>-20 (M<D-40) - pa3Max KpbIJIa - 15,5 (17,6) M,
nJIOll{a,n:b - 40 (50,1) M KB., ,n:JIHHa - 8,2 (9,25) M, B3JIeTHbIn Bec -
660 (1120) Kr, O,n:MH MOTOp «PeHo», MaKCHMaJIbHaH CKOpOCTb - 100
(135) KM/4ac, CKoponOJ{'beMHOCTb - 1,5 M/C (Ha BbICOTY 2000 M - 14
MMH.), nOTOJIOK - 3150 (4500) M, BOOPY:>KCHHe - 2 nYJleMeTa, 100
(227) Kf 60M6.
CaMOllembl IIep80u MUP080U 80UHbl 709
KO pOH
,l{BYXMOTOPHbIM 6HnJIaH. MO,ltHQ:>MKal-uul R.4 BnepBbIe nO,ltHHJIaCb
B B03,ltYX B MIOHe 1915 r. 3TO 6bIJI rpoMa,ltHbIM llIaf Bnepe,lt no cpaBHe-
HMIO C G.4. Ha <poHe pacnpOCTpaneHHbIX B TO BpeM <pepMeHHbIX an-
napaTOB C TOJIKalOlIJ,MM BMHTOM 3JIefaHTHbIM OCTpOHOCbIM «KO,ltPOH»
CMOTpeJIC BeCbMa nporpeccMBHo. Q,ltHaKO Y <!>paHUY30B He 6bIJIO B TO
BpeM MOTOpOB MOlIJ,Hee 130 JI. C., H efO TT,l{ Bce :>Ke OCTaBJI JIM )f(e-
JIaTb MHOfO JIyqlIlero. B pe3Y JIbTaTe 3TY MaUIMHY, npe,ltHa3HatJaBllIYIO-
C nepBOHatJaJIbHO Ha pOJIb 60M6ap,ltMpOB1.UHKa, CTaJIM UCnOJIb30BaTb
B KatJeCTBe <pOTopa3Be,lttJHKa, IIOCKOJIbKY 6e3 60M60BOM HarpY3KH OH
nOKa3bIBaJI BnOJIHe npMJIMtJHble JIeTHbIe ,ltaHHble. C »HBap» 1916 f.
«KO,ltpOHbI CTaJIH rrocTynaTb B pa3Be,ltnO,ltpa3,lteJIeHM .
facToH KO,ltpOH, pa60TaBlIlMM Hal{ YCTpaHeHMeM IICl{OCTaTKOB anna-
paTa, norn6 B ,lteKa6pe 1915 f., M efO 3aMeHI1JI 6paT PeHe. PeHe ,ltOBeJI
paapa60TKH 6paTa,lt0 3aBeplIleHWI, B pe3YJIbTaTe tJero nO BMJIC» «Ko,lt-
pOH G.6 , OtJeHb nOXO)KMH no BHellIHeM)' BI1.lJ.Y M no KOHCTpYK1UfH Ha R.1,
HO 3Ha1fifTeJIhHO MeHbIilllX pa3MepoB M MaCCbI. 113 Tpexcroet.IHOrO 611IIJIaHa
arrnapaT npeBpaTMJIC B ,ltBYXCToetJHbIM nOJIYTopanJIaH C MOTopaMH
«POH . dKHII(l)K COKpaTMJIC C Tpex tJCJIOBeK,ltO ,ltBYX. nepB(UI ManJlfHa
3TOH MO,ltM<pMKaI..{MM nO,ltHIDIaCb B B03,ltYX B MIOne 1916 f., nOCJIe tJero cpa-
3Y)Ke 6bIJIa npMH Ta Ha BoopY)KeHMC M 3anyru:eHa B cepHMHoe npOM3BO,lt-
CTBO. BcefO 6bIJIO nOCTpoeHo 249 MO,ltH<pHKaUMM R.4 M 512 - G.6. Q,ltHa-
KO e1.Ue BecHoM 1916 r. <ppaHUY3cKCUI npOMbIlIlJIenHOCTb OCBOHJIa npOM3-
BO,ltCTBO ,ltBHfaTeJIeM B 200 JI. C., n03TOMY MalIlMHbI C 60JIee CJIa6bIMlf
MOTopaMM CTaJIH otJeHb 6bICTpO YCTapcnaTb. B IfIOJIe 1917 f. BO q)POHTO-
BbIX 3CKa.npWIb X HaCtJMTbIBaJIOCb OKOJIO 300 TaKMX MaIlIMH.
J{nMfaTeJIH: Ha R.4 ,ltBa «PeIl0-8 no 130 JI. C., na G.6 ,ltBa «Pona»
no 110, 120 MJIM 130 JI. c. BooPY)KeHuc: 111JIH 2 nYJIeMeTIIble TypCJIH C
.JIbIOI1CaMM , ,lt0 100 Kr 60M6.
TT,l{ R.4 (G.6): pa3MaX KpbIJIa - 21 M (17,22), I1JI01ll.a,zJ;b - 42 M KB.
(39), J];JIIiHa - 8,15 M (8,6), B3JIeTHbU':'1 Bec - 1650 Kf (1440), MaKCIIMaJIb-
HaH CKOpOCTb - 136 KM/tJac (145), cKoponOJl'beMJlOCTb na 2000 M -7,5
MI1H., nOTOJIOK - 4600 M (4400), ,ltaJIbHOCTb - 275 KM [3 qaca].
TaK)Ke rrpUHMMaJIH ytJaCTHC B 60CBbIX ,ltCllCTBM X:
KOtl:pOH G.4 - C 1915 f.; pa3Max KpbIJJa - 17,2 M, nJIOIUa,ltb-
38 M KB., ,ltJIHHa -7,27 M, B3JIeTHbIii Bec - 1336 Kf, ,ltBa MOTopa «POH»,
MaKCI1MaJIbHaH CKOpOCTb - 132 KM/qaC, cKoponot('bCMHOCTb I1a Hbl-
COTY 2000 M - 16 MHH., nOTOJIOK - 4300 M, BoopY)KeHHe - 2 nYJIeMe-
Ta, 110 Kr 60M6.
KOtl:pOH R.ii - C aBrycTa1918 f.; pa3MaX KpbIJIa - 17,92 M, f1JIO-
710
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80U1lbl
lIJ,a,ltb - 54,25 M KB., ,ltJIHHa - 11,22 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 2167 Kf, ,ltBa
MOTopa l1cnaHo-CIOH3a , MaKCHMaJIbHaJI CKOpOCTb - 183 KM/tIaC,
cKOpOrrO,lt'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 2000 M - 8 MHH. 10 c, rrOTOJIOK -
5900 M, BoopY)KeHHe - 2 rry JIeMeTa, 300 Kf 60M6.
MopaH
MO,ltH<pHKaU;HJI MopaH-COJIHbe S - rrepBbIH <ppaHU;Y3cKHH
T )KeJIbIH 60M6apt(HpOBInHK - paapa60TaH B 1915 f. dTO ,ltBYXMOTOP-
HbIH TpeXMeCTHbIH 6HrrJIaH. TIepBbIH 06pa3eu; rro KOHCTPYKU;HH <p103e-
JI )Ka HarrOMHHaJI CHJIbHO YBeJIHtIeHHbIH B paaMepax MopaH-MoHo-
KOK . Q,ltHaKO H3-3a ,ltOpOfOBH3HbI He 6bill nymeH B cepHHHoe rrpOH3-
BO,ltCTBO H OCTaJIC B e,ltHHCTBeHHOM 3K3eMIIJI pe. BMeCTO Hero
3aKyrrHJIH 60JIee ,ltellIeBble « KarrpOHH . K KOHU;Y 1915 r. rrO BHJIC.H
06JIeNeHHbIH BapHaHT MopaH-COJIHbe T .
AnnapaT 06pamaJI Ha ce6 BHHMaHHe OpHrHHaJIbHOM HOCO"BOM
CTpeJIKOBOH Ka6HHoH C MHO)KeCTBOM KPYfJIbIX HJIJIIOMHHaTopOB. Ko-
MHCCH rrpHH JIa arrrrapaT C ou;eHKoH y,ltOBJIeTBOpHTeJIbHO H 3aKa3
. Ha cepHHHoe CTpOHTeJIbCTBO 6bIJI o<popMJIeH JIHIIlb B aBrycTe 1916 r.
BnepBbIe rrorraJI Ha <ppOHT B anpeJIe 1917 f., Y)Ke CTaB YCTapeBIIlHM.
COCTO JI Ha BoopY)KeHHH IIleCTH <ppaHU;Y3CKHX pa3Be,lt3CKMpHJIHH 3a-
rra.l{HOfO <PPOHTa.
AlIrrapaT OKa3aJIC CJIO)KHbIM B yrrpaBJIeHHH H HeYCTOHtIHBbIM H3-
3a 3a,ltUeH u;eHTpOBKH, TaK)Ke 6bIJIH IIp06JIeMbI C XBOCTOBbIM orrepeHU-
eM. 113-3a OTpbIBa PY JI BbICOTbI npOH30llIJIO HeCKOJIbKO KaTaCTpo<p, 11
Y)Ke K KOHUY 1917 f. MaIIlHHa 6bIJIa CH Ta C BoopY)KeHH .
L{BHfaTeJIH: ,ltBa MOTopa «POH no 110 JI. c. BoopY)KeHHe: ,ltBe KOJlb-
lteBbIX 'TYpeJIH C rrYJIeMeTaMH JIbIOIIC , ,lt0 100 Kf 60M6.
MopaH-COJIHbe .L. (MS-3) - C 1913 f., ,ltBYXMeCTHbIH MOHO-
nJIaH C O,ltHHM MOTOpOM AHTyaHeIT ; pa3MaX KpbIJIbeB - 10,3 M, I1JI0-
ll1a,ltb - 18 M KB., t(JIHHa - 6,4 M, B3JIeTHbIM Bec - 680 Kf, MaKCHMaJlb-
HaH CKOpOCTb - 80 KM/qac.
MopaH-COJIHbe .T. (MS-25) - C 1914 f., TpeXMeCTHbIM 6HrrJIcUI
C ,ltBYM MOTopaMH POH ; pa3MaX KpbIJIbeB - 17,6 M, ,ltJIHHa -10,6 M,
MaKCHMaJIbHaH CKOpOCTb - 135 KM/tIaC; BoopY)KeHHe - 2 nYJleMeTa.
MopaH-CoJIHbe .P. (MS-26) - C 1915 f., t(BYXMeCTHbIll MOHO-
IIJIaH C O,ltHHM MOTOpOM POH ; pa3Max KpbIJIbeB - 11,2 M, rrJIOlIJ,ajlb -
18 M KB., t(JIHHa -7,2 M, MaKCHMaJ]bHa CKOpOCTb - 163 KM/qaC, CKO-
pOIIO,lt'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 2000 M - 7,5 MHH, rrOTOJIOK 4800 M; BO-
0pY)f(eHHe - 1 rry JIeMeT.
MopaH .N. (MS-5) - C 1915 f. (MO,ltH<pHKaIU1 I C 1917 f.), 0/1-
HOMeCTHbIH MOHOnJIaH C O,ltHHM MOTOpOM POH ; pa3Max KpbIJIben -
CaMOJlembl IIep80u MUP080U 80Ullbl
711
8,15 (8,24) M, nJIOma,zJ;b - 11 M KB., ,n:JIHHa - 5,83 (5,81) M, B3JIeTHbIH
Bec - 444 Kf, (510) MaKCHMa.n:bHa CKOpOCTb - 144 (164) KM/qaC,
cKopono.n;'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 2000 M - 10 MHH. (6 Ml-1I1. 40 c), nOTO-
JIOK - 4000 M; BooPY:>KeHHe - 1 nYJIeMeT.
HhlOnOp
CeMeHcTBo CaMOJIeTOB -«HblOnop (TaK CJIO)KHJIOCb B PYCCI(OM
npOH3HOlIJeHHH) HMeJIO MHO)KeCTBO THnOB II otJeHb illIIpoKoe pacnpo-
cTpaneHHe. CBoe Ha3BaHHe 3TH CaMOJIeTbI nOJIYtJHJIU no HMelUI q)pan-
UY3CKOfO JIeTtJHKa H KOHCTpYKTopa d.n;yap.ll.a Hbenopa, KOTOpbIl1: B
1910 f. nOCTpOHJI CBOM nepBwH Y.lI.aLJllhIH CaMOJIeT. B03HlIKJIa <plIpMa,
B KOTOpOll 6bIJIO nOHatIa.n:y pa3pa60Tall0 ,ltBa OCHOBHblX THna C HC-
CKOJIbKHMH MO.ll.HcPHKaUH MH no pa3MepaM IIl{BHfaTCJHIM - 60eBofi
II ytIe6HhlH. «HhlOnop- I I , «HbIonop- ACTpa» H «I-IbfOnop- I I I , nOCT-
poeHHbIe B 1911 f. npHMeH JIHCb KaK YLJe6Hble. «HbIonop- IV», 60-
JIee H3BeCTHbIH KaK « HhlOnop C JIO)KKOM 6bIJI O.ll.HHM H3 caMbIX nony-
JI pHbIX CaMOJIeTOB, HaLJHHaH C 1912 f., ,lta)Ke HeCMOTp Ha TO, \.ITO lIe
HMeJI CneUHaJIbHOrO BoeHHOfO Ha3HaLJeHH H rronaqa.ny Bo0611te He lIec
Ha ce6e HHK OfO BoopY)KeHH .l{o 1916 f. npnMelUIJICH B OCHOBHOM B
KatJeCTBe pa3Be,lttIHKa, 3aTeM B KaqeCTBe YLJe6uoro. I1pe.ll.CTaBJI.HJI co-
60M paCLJaJIOLJHbIM Cpe,ltHenJIaH, O,ltHOMeCTHbIH, HO C B03MO)KHOCTbIO
nOCa,zJ;KH BTOpOfO LJeJIOBeKa HenOCpe,ltCTBeHHO 3a CnHIIOIJ JIeTLJHKa. 06a
CIf.lteHh 6hIJIH pacnOJIO)KeUhI na 6e1l306aKe. OTJIHLJHTeJIbHOH oc06eH-
HOCTblO BJI JIOCb peccopnoe IIIaccn, cHa6)KCHHOe Bnepe,ltH npOTlIBO-
KarrOTa)KHOH «JIO)KKOH» no,n BHHTOM.
B ,ltaJIbHeHlIIeM nOCTO HHO cOBepuIeHCTBOBaJIC . TIepBbIM B IfC-
Topnn cneQHaJIbHbIM CaMOJIeTOM-HcTpe6HTCJleM .HBIIJIC « HblOnop-
11 ». )l(ecTKaH «Kop06Ka», 06pa3yeMllii nepxHHM H HH)KIlIIM KpbIJIb.H-
MH, OKa3aJIaCb y.l{attHOJ1: HaXOI!Koti. CaMOJICT .HBJI JJC <paKTHtJCCKH
nOJlyropanJIaHOM, nOCKOJIbI<Y pa3Max BepxIIl1x KpbIJIbCB 6hIJI 60JIhIlle,
qeM IUDKHHX. MOHOnJIannoe KpbIJIO I1PH TOW :>KC HeCYllJ.CM IIJIOCKOCTI1
BblIIIJIO 6bI Ky,lta T )KeJIee.
HblOnop 11 (6eoe) - C 1915 f., O,ltHOMeCTIIblll 6HnJIan C O,ltHlfM
MOTOpOM «[nOM»; pa3Max KpblJIbeB - 7,5 M, nJIOma,ltb - 13,6 M KB,
t(JIHHa - 6,9 M, B3JIeTHbIM Bec - 550 Kr, MaKCUMaJIbHaH CKOpOCTb -
152 KM/LJaC, CKoponO,lt'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 2000 M - 11 MHH., 1I0TO-
JIOK - 4560 M; BoopY)KeHHe - 1 ny JIeMeT.
HblOnop 14A2 - C 1916 f., ,ltBYXMeCTHblI1: 6HnJIaH C O,ltHIfM MOTO-
POM «l1cnaHo CIOH3a»; pa3Max KphIJIbeB - 12 M, nJIOI.Ua.ll.b -
34,8 M KB., ,ltJIHHa - 7,8 M, MaKCHMaJIbllaH CKOpOCTb - 110 KM/LJaC;
BoopY)KeHHe - 1 nY)leMeT.
712
A Buau,USl BeJlUKOU BOU'H'bl
HblOnop 16 C1 - C BeCHbI 1916 f.; pa3MaX BepXHefO KpbIJIa-
7,52 M, HIDKHefO - 7, 4 M, nJIOIJ.{a,z{b - 13,3 M KB., .n;JIHHa - 5,64 M,
B3JIeTHbIl1: Bec - 550 Kf, O.n;HH MOTOp «POH , MaKCHMaJIbHa CKO-
pOCTh - 156 KM/qaC, CKopono.n;'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 2000 M - 5 MHH.
50 c, nOTOJIOK - 4800 M, BoopY:>KeHHe - 2 nYJIeMeTa.
HblOnop 17 C1 (17 OHC C1) - C 1916 f., O,nHOMeCTHbIM 6HllJlaH C
O.n;HIIM MOTOpOM «POH ; pa3MaX BepXHefO KpbIJIa - 8,16 M, HHiKJle-
fO - 7,8 M, IIJIOIJ.{a,z{b - 14,75 M KB', .n;JIHIIa - 5,8 M, B3JIeTHbIM Bec -
560 (573) Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHaH CKOpOCTb - 160 (186) KM/qaC, CKOPO-
no.n;'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 2000 M - 6 MHH. 50 c, nOTOJIOK - 5300 M;
BOOPY:>KeHHe - 2 nYJIeMeTa.
HbJOnop 24 - C 1917 f.; pa3MaX KpbIJIa - 8,21 M, nJIOlJ.{a.n;b - 14,75
M KB., .n;JIHHa - 5,87 M, B3JIeTHbIM Bec - 547 Kf, O.n;HH MOTOp «PeHo ,
MaKCHMaJlbHCUI CKOpOCTb - 171 KM/qaC, CKopono.n;'beMHOCTb Ha BbI-
COTY 2000 M - 5 MHH. 40 c, nOTOJIOK - 6900 M, BOOPY:>KeHHe - 2 rry-
JleMeTa.
HblOnop 29 CI - C 1918 f., O.n;HOMeCTHbIM 6HnJIaH C O.n;HHM MOTO-
pOM «YIcnaHo CIOH3a 8Fb; pa3Max KpbIJIbeB - 9,7 M, nJIOIJ!a.n;b - 27
M KB, ,lJ.JIHlIa - 6,5 M, B3JIeTHhI1I Bec - 1160 Kf, MaKCMMaJIbHaM CKO-
pOCTh - 232 KM/qaC, CKopono.n;'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOT)' 2000 M - 5,5 MHH.,
nOTOJIOI( - 8500 M; BoopY:>KeHHe - 2 nYJIeMeTa.
cn
l eJIbno,nepeB HHbIH .n;ByxcTOeqHbIM 6HnJIaH C nOJIOTHjJ][OM 06-
lllHBKOM. n po06pa30M MallIHllhI 6bIJI .n;oBoeHHbIM fOHOllHbIH «,l1enep-
AlocceH ,'c03.n;aIlHbIH no.n; PYKOBO.n;CTBOM JIYH fiernepo B OCHOBaHIIOJ1
B 1910 f. <pHpMe SPAD - Societe des production des Aeroplanes
Dcpcrdussin (06IJ.{eCTBO npOH3BOL(CTBa aapOnJIaHOB ,l1enep,nlOcccH).
C 1913 r. cpHpMa nepeIllJIa B PYI<H npeL(npHIIHMaTeJIeM, B03fJIaBJI e-
MbIX llyu fiJIepno H 6bIJIa nepel1MeHOBaHa B Societe pour l' Aviation et
ses Derives (06IJ.{eCTBO 110 aBHaUMI1 H ee OTpaCJI M).
OC06CHHO y.n;aqHbIMH CqHTaJUICb HCTpe6HTeJIH CllA,l{, C03.n;aHHble
no/{ PYKOBO.n;CBTOM JI YH fiernepo H .n;OCTHfrnHe K KOHUY BOHHbI npe-
BOCXO/{CTBa Ha.n; fepMaHcKHMH HCTpe6HTeJI MH.
cn SA2 - C 1915 f., .n;BYXMeCTHbIH 6HIIJIaH C O,nHHM MOTOpOM
POH ;pa3MaxKpbIJIbeB -9,6M, nJIOIJ.{aJ{b - 25,3MKB.,.n;JIHHa -7,3 M,
B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 815 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbH CKOpOCTb - 112 KM/qaC, CKO-
ponO.l('beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 2000 M - 20 MHH., nOTOJIOK - 3000 1\1;
BoopY:>KeHHe - 1 nYJIeMeT.
cn S-VII CI - C 1916 f., o.n;HOMeCTHbIM 6HIIJIaH C O.lUIUM MO-
TOpOM «l1cnaHo CIOH3a 8A; pa3MaX KpbIJIbeB - 7,78 M, nJIOIUa.n;b -
CQMOJlem'bl n ep80U MUP080U 80U1l'bl 713
17,85 M KB., )J;JIHHa - 6,18 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 775 Kr, MaKCHMaJlbHaJI
CKOpOCTb - 192 KM/qaC, CKOpOnO,lt1>eMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 2000 M -
6 MHH. 20 c, nOTOJIOK - 6000 M; BoopY)KeHHe - 1 nYJIeMeT.
cnA,lJ; S-XI Co2 - C 1917 r., ,ltByxMecTHbIl16unJIaH C O,l{HHM MO-
TOpOM l1cnaHo CIOH3a» 8BA; pa3Max KpbIJIbeB - 11,2 M, ,ltJIHHa -
7,7 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 1050 Kr, MaKCnMaJlbHa CKOpOCTb - 170 KM/
4ac, CKOpOnO,lt1>eMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 2000 M - 6,9 MIIlI., nOTOJIOK -
7000 M; BoopY:>KeHHe - 3 nYJIeMeTa.
cnA,lJ; S-XII Cat - C 1917 r., O,l{HOMeCTHbIH 6HnJIaH C O,ltHHM
MOTOpOM l1cnaHo CIOH3a» 8BEc; pa3MaX KpbIJIbCB - 8 M, IIJIOH{a,l{b -
20,2 M KD., ,ltJIHHa - 6,4 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 883 Kf, MaKCI1MaJIbHlliI
CKOpOCTb - 203 KM/tIaC, nOTOJIOK - 6850 M; BoopY)J(eJIHe - 2 nYJIe-
MeTa.
CnAJ]: S-XIII Ct - C 1918 f., O,ltHOMeCTJIhIH 611nJIaH C O,ltHHM
MOTOpOM «l1cnaHo CIOJ-I3a» 8BE; pa3Max KpbIJIbeB - 8,08 M, nJIO-
ll1a,ltb - 20,2 M KB., ,ltJIHHa - 6,25 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 865,5 KI', MaKCH-
MaJIbHa» CKOpOCTb - 217 KM/4ac, cKOpOnO,lt'beMHOCTb na BbICOTY
2000 M - 4 MHH. 40 c, nOTOJIOK - 6800 M; BoopY)KeHHe - 2 nYJIeMeTa.
CnA,lJ; S-XIV Cmt - C 1918 r., O,ltHoMeCTHbIH 6nnJIaH C O,ltHUM
MOTOpOM l1cnaHo CIOH3a» 8BA; pa3Max KpbIJIbeB - 9,7 M, nJIO-
IltaJJ;b - 25,3 M KB., AJlHHa - 7,4 M, B3JIeTHbIlI Bec - 1060 KI', MaKCJ1-
MaJIbua» CKOpOCTb - 205 KM/qaC, IIOTOJIOK - 5000 M; BoopY:JKeHUe -
2 nYJIeMeTa.
Ha 6a3e OJJ;HOMeCTHoro HCTpe6HTeJI» CTIA,l1 S- VII 6bIJI C03,ltaH H
3aKOH1.JeH K Ho 6pIO 1916 r. ,ltByxMecTHbIH HCTpe6HTeJIb S- I I. Q,l{HaKO
BbHIBHBlIlHec npH HcnbITaHH X He,ltOCTaTKH BbIHY,ltHJIH DoeHHblX ne-
peKHaJIH<pHI.{HpOBaTb ero B pa3Be.ll.1.JlfK. Ha CaMOJIeT YCTaHOBI1JIH <p0-
ToannapaTypy H nO,ltBeCKY ,ltJI» JIerKI1X 60M6. B TaKOM BH,lte OH 11 Ha-
ttan nocTynaTb Ha <ppOHT C aBrycTa 1917 r. BbInycKaJIc» cepHHHo .no
15 MapTa 1918 r.; B 3TOT ,ltellb nO)Kap IIOJIHOCTbJO YHUttTO:>KHJI 3aBO,lt B
KYPHbe, Ha KOTOpOM npOH3BO,ltHJIaCb c60pKa 3TUX MaIIIHH.
S- I I OKa3aJ1C CJIO:>KHbIM B ynpaBJIeHHH If MaJIOYCTOH4HBbIM H3-
3a 1.Jpe3MepHoH 3a,ltHeH l.{eHTpoBKH. I1MeJIHcb H HeKOTopbIe ,ltPyrue
He,ltOCTaTKH. Q,ltHaKO BbICOKHe nOTepH BbIHY)K,l{anU BoeHHbIX lICnOJIb-
30BaTb 3TY MaIIIHHY B KaqeCTBe pa3Be,lt1.JnKa n01.JTH ,lt0 caMoro OKOH1.Ja-
HH 60eBbIX ,lteHCTBHH. Ha HeM pa60TaJIH 14 <ppanUY3cKHX H 3 6eJIb-
rni1cKHx 3CKa,ltpHJIbH. 35 MaIIIHH I1CnOJIb30BanHCb aMepHKaHuaMlI. Ca-
MOJIeT 6bIJI CH T C BoopY)KeHI1 Ii 3aMeneH 60JIee Ha.ll.e)KHbIMH
.Epere-14» H .CaJIbMCOH. TOJIbKO B HJOJIe 1918 r.
714
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80U1fbl
TaK*e B BOeHHblX AeHCTBHJlX Y'IaCTBOBaJIH
JIeTop Le-4 - C 1916 f.; paaMaX KpbIJIa - 17,7 M, rrJIOma.ZJ;b-
55,1 M KB.,.l(JIMHa -11,3 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 2186 Kf,.l(Ba MOTopa JIop-
peu-l{HTpHX», MaKCHMaJIbHaJI CKOpOCTb - 132 KM/qaC, CKoporro.l('b-
eMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 3000 M - 25 MMH., rrOTOJIOK - 5200 M, BoopY:>Ke-
HHe - 3 rrYJIeMeTa, 150 Kf 60M6.
lliMHTr 7D2 - C 1916 f. pa3Max KpbIJIa - 17,65 M, rrJIOma.l(b -
72 M KB., .l(JIHHa - 9,6 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 2100 Kf, O.l(HH MOTOp PeHo»,
MaKCHMaJIbHaJI CKOpOCTb - 125 KM/qaC, CKOporrO.l('beMHOCTb Ha BbI-
COTY 2000 M - 22 MHH., rrOTOJIOK - 4300 M, BoopY:>KeHMe - 2 rry JICMe-
Ta, 152 Kf 60M6.
Bpere DM.5 - C 1916 f.; pa3MaX KpbIJIa - 17,58 M, rrJIOIlla.l(b -
50 M RB., .l(JIHHa - 7,94 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 2150 Kf, O.l(HII MOTOp
PeHo», MaKCHMaJIbHa.Sl CKOpOCTb - 138 KM/qaC, cKoporro.l('beMHOCTb
Ha BbICOTY 2000 M - 22 MHH., rrOTOJIOK - 4300 M, BoopY:>KeHHC --2
rry JIeMeTa, 300 Kf 60M6.
Bpere Dr. 14A2 - C 1917 f., .l(BYXMeCTHbIH 6HnJIaH C O,ltHHM MO-
TOpOM «PeHO ; pa3MaX KpbIJIbeB - 14 M, nJIOma.ztb - 49,6 M KB., JIH-
Ha - 9 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 1560 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHaJI CKOpOCTb - 184
KM/qaC, cKoporro.l('beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 3000 M - 17,5 MMH., IlOTOJIOK -
5900 M; BoopY:>KeHUe - 3 ny JIeMeTa.
Bpere Dr. 14D2 - C 1917 f., .l(BYXMeCTHbIH 6MnJIaH C O HHM MO-
TOpOM «PeHo-12 ; pa3MaX KpbIJIbeB - 14,86 M, nJIOma,ltb - 51 M KB.,
,ltJIMHa - 8,87 M, B3JICTHbIH Bec - 1765 Kf, MaKCMMaJIbHaJI CKOpOCTb -
177 KM/qaC, cKOpOrrO 'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 3000 M - 34 MHH., nOTO-
JIOK - 5800 M; BoopY:>KeHHe - 2 ny JIeMeTa, 235 Kf 60M6.
CaJlbMCOH SAL-2A2 - C 1918 f., .l(BYXMeCTHbIH 6HnJIaH.C O.l(HJfM
MOTOpOM «Ca.nbMCOH Z-9; pa3Max KpbIJIbeB - 11,7 M, nJIOI..U.a,l(b -
37,5 M KB., .l(JIHHa - 8,4 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 1300 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHa.Sl
CKOpOCTb - 186 KM/qaC, cKOponO.l('bCMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 5000 M - 27
MHH., nOTOJIOK - 5000 M; BoopY)KeHHe - 3 nYJleMeTa.
fHAPOCaMOJleTbl
FDA .S. - C 1916 f., .l(BYXMeCTHbIH 6HnJIaH C O.l(HHM MOTOpOM
«HcrraHO CIOH3a»> 8Ba; pa3MaX KpbIJIbeB - 15,6 M, IIJIOIl{a.ztb - 46,5 M
KB., .l(JIHHa - 10,8 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 1530 Kf, MaKCIIMaJIbHM CKO-
pOCTb - 140 KM/qaC; BoopY:>KeHHe - 1 nYJIeMeT.
TeJlJlbe - C 1917 f., TpeXMeCTHbIH 6HIIJIaH C O.l(HHM MOTOpOM CaH-
6HM ; pa3Max KpbIJIbeB - 23 M, rr oIl{az:tb - 85 M KB., .l(JIHHa - 14,7 M,
B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 3160 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHCUI CKOpOCTb - 144 KM/qaC, CKO-
CaMOJlembl llep80u MUP080U 80U1lbl 715
ponOt('beMHOCTb Ha BblCOTY 1800 M - 7 J 5 MMH., nOTOJlOK - 5900 M;
BOOPY)KeHHe - 1 ny JleMeT H 1 nYllIKa.
AHfJIHH
e XeBHJlJletm
U.eJlbHot(epeBjJHHbIH t(ByxcTOetIHbIH t(ByxMecTHbIH 6HIIJlaH C no-
JIOTHjJHOH 0611IHBKOH. Paapa60TaH aHfJlIIHCKMM JleTllHKOM M aBHaKOH-
cTpYKTOpOM, BJla.neJlb eM <pHpMbl dHpKpa<pT M3HbJO<p3KrypHHf KOM-
nallH JIHMMTet( (dUpKO) C3pOM l{)Ke<PPH ,lIe XeBHJlJleHt(oM. TIepBblll
HcrrbITaTeJlbHblH nOJleT COCTOjJJlC.H B aBrycTe 1916 f. TIpu3HaH fOt(HbIM
t(JljJ HCnOJlb30BaHH.H B BoeHHblX eJUlx npH YCJlOBHH 3aMeHbI MOTopa
«Eept(Mop 160 JI. c. 60Jlee MOIl.tHbIM.
TIepBble cepHIIHble anrrapaTbI BbllUJlH C 3aB0,l1a cPHpMbl 3i1:pKO B
XeHt(oHe B .HHBape 1917 f. TIepBbIH t(HBH3HOH, ocnameHHblu DH.4,
npH6bIJI Ha 3ana,zU-lbIH cPPOHT B MapTe 1917 r. ,lI0 KOHua 1918 r. B Bc-
JlHK06pHTaHHH 6blJlO nOCTpoeHO 1449 MallIHH TaKOfO Tuna. Ell\e OKO-
JlO 2500 BbIuymeHo rro JIH eIl3nH B CillA. I-Ia aMepHKanCKHe D HA.
YCTaHaBJlMBaJIMCb BHraTeJlM .JIM6epTH .
XOpOllIO npO.HBHJI ce6.H B KatIeCTBe <ppOHTOBOfO 60M6apt(HpoBmn-
Ka M 4>oTopa3Bet(llHKa. BbICOKa.H CKOpOCTb M 60JlbllIOH nOTOJlOK t(eJla-
JIM ero MaJlOYjJ3BHMbIM t(JljJ 3eHHTHoro orHjJ M HCTpe6HTeJleiI. OKOJlO
70 MallMH C t(BHraTeJleM l1rJI VIII 6bIJlO MCrrOJlb30BaHO B Ka4eCTBe
HOllHbIX HCTpe6MTeJleH t(JljJ OTpIDKeHIUI HaJIeTOD enrreJlHHOB Ha EPH-
TaHCKHe OCTpOBa. AnnapaT C ycrrexoM npHMeHjJJlC.H Ha Bcex cPpoHTax,
rt(e YlIaCTBOBaJIM KOpOJleBCKMe BBC EpHTaHMH, a TalOKe B COCTaBC
aMepHKaHCKoro 3Kcnet(H HOHHoro Kopnyca. OCHOBHblM Het(OCTaTKOM
CaMOJleTa ClIHTaJIMCb t(aJIeKO pa3HeCeHHbIe no <p103eJljJ)KY Ka6HHbI nH-
JlOTa H JleTHa6a, 4TO 3aTpyt(HjJJlO MX B3aMM0,l1eHCTBHe.
B HIOJle 1917 r. B BeJlMK06pHTaHMH npHcTynHJlu K cepHflHoMY
BblnYCKY Mot(H<pHKa HH DH.9 co BnJloTHYIO npHt(BHHYTbIMH Ka6H-
HaMH nJIJlOTa M JleTHa6a (Bnepe,l1H, Ha 6blBilleM MeCTe Ka6HHbI I1HJlO-
Ta, 6bIJI pa3MemeH TOrrJlMBHbIlt 6aK), 6bIJla TaK)Ke IICCKOJlbKO H3MeHe-
Ha KOHCTPYK HjJ KpbIJlbeB H Ct(eJlaH BbIt(BH)KHOH nOt(cPJ03eJl.H:>KHblfI
pat(HaTOp. H3-3a rrp06J1CM C t(OBOt(KOH CHJlOBOH YCTaHoBKH rrepBbIe
,l1Ba t(MBH3MOHa DH.9 rrOjJBHJlMCb Ha <ppoHTe TOJlbKO B anpeJle 1918 r.
BonpeKH O)KHt(aIlH.HM annapaT He npeB30llIeJl CBoero rrpet(llIeCTBeH-
IlJlKa, H repMaHCKUC HCTpe6uTeJlH HOBoro nOKOJleHlI.H JlefKO c6HBa-
JIM I1X.
B Te4eHHe JleTa 1918 r. .DH.9 aKTHBHO npHMeH JlcjJ Ha 3anat(HOM
716
A8ua Wl BeJlu'Kou 80UHbl
<PPOHTe, B TIaJIeCTHHe, B MaKe.n;OHHH H B MeCOnOTaMHH B KatIeCTBe
pa3BetttIHKa H JIerKOfO 60M6apttHpOBlI!HKa. Bcefo HM 6bIJIO BOOpY)Ke-
HO 12 ttHBH3HOHOB RAF: H3 KOTOpbIX 2 BXO.n;HJIH B COCTaB He3aBHcH-
MbIX B03.l(YIIlHbIX CHJI., COBeplIlaBIIlHX .n;aJIbHHe peHttbl Ha CTpaTefH-
LleCKHe 06'beKTbl repMaHHH. TIocJIe HeyttatIHOH 6oM6apttHpOBKH MaJiH-
u;a 31 HIOJI 1918 f., KOftta H3 12 MawHH 7 6blJIO C6HTO, a Y 3-x OTKa3aJII1
ttBHfaTeJIH, HX CTaJIH rrOCTerreHHO 3aMeH Tb MottH<pHKaU;HeH DH.9A,
CTaBlIleH Jl)'LlIIlHM aHfJIHHCKHM <ppOHTOBbIM caMOJIeTOM TIepBoH MI1-
pOBOH BOHHbl, 6JIafOttapR YCTaHOBKe caMOfO MOlI!HOfO no TeM BpeMe-
HaM ttBHraTeJUI JIH6epTH.. OH JIHlIlh HeMHomM YCTYrraJI JIefKHM 60M-
6apttl1pOBlI!HKaM HatIaJIa BTOpOH MHpOBOH BOHHbI.
TIepeo6oPYttOBaHHe MalIJHHbl np0l13BeJIH CneU;HaJIHCTbI <pHpMbl
Y3CTJIaHtt dHpKpaQ>T. KpOMe HOB Of 0 MOTopa OHH YBeJIHtIHJII1 pa3Max
KpblJIbeB, ttepeB HHble paCKOCbl B KapKaCe <p103eJI )IGl3aMeHHJIH CTaJIb-
HblMH paCLlaJIKaMH H BMeCTO HeHa.l{e)KHOfO Bbl.n;BH)KHOrO pattl1aTOp
nOCTaBHJIH JI060BOH pa.n;l1aTOp aBTOM06HJIbHOrO Tl1na» C pery JIl1py-
CMOH pelIJeTKOH )KaJII03H.
fIepBbIe 18 MallIHH THna DH.9 BbllIIJIH H3 3aBo,n:CKHX u;eXOB B HIOJIe
1918 f. B aBrycTe 3THMH arrnapaTaMH 6bIJIH BooPY)KeHbl 2 ttl1BI13110na
«He3aBHCI1MbIX B03,n:YlIIHbIX CHJI» , 3aTeM tto OKOHLlaHHR BOHHhI eIl(e 4
aHfJIHHCKHX 11 1 aMepMKaHcKHH .n;HBH3HOHbl 3ana,l{Horo <ppoHTa. dTa
Mo,n:H<pHKaI I1R He ycneJIa CblrpaTb 3aMeTHOH pOJIH B BoeHHblX .n;eHCT-
BI1 X.
,l{Bl1faTeJIb: BHP (BepttMOp-XaJI<poptt-nYJIJII1Htt)Kep), Ha3BaH-
HblM rr03:>Ke CHMJIH nYMa. 230 JI. C. HJIH POJIC-POMC I1fJI III» 270
JI. C., I1rJI VIII. 375 JI. C. HJIH JIH6epTH. 400 JI. c. BooPYJKeHHc: 1
CHHXpOHHbIH BHKKepc. H 1-2 TYpeJIbHblX JIbIOHca , ttO 240 Kf 60M6;
Ha aMepHKaHCKHX MalIIHHax BMeCTO .BHKKepca YCTaHaBJII1BaJIl1Cb 2
MepJIHHa».
TTl{ DH.9 (DH.9A): pa3MaXKpblJIa -12,92 M (14), nJIOlI!attb-
40,4 M KB. (46,1), .n;JIHHa - 9,2 M (9,22), B3JICTHbIH Bec - 1670 Kr
(2120), MaKCHMaJIbHaR CKOpOCTb - 179 KM/tIaC (180), CKOpOnOl{'beM-
HOCTb Ha BblCOTY 1000 M - 11 MHH. (Ha BblCOTY 2000 M - 10 MI1H.),
nOTOJIOK - 4710 M (4900).
AHpKO D8.2 - C 1916 f., <pepMeHHbiM 6HnJIan C MOTOpOM «POH»;
pa3MaX KphIJIbeB - 8,61 M, nJIOlI!a,l{h - 23,13 M KB., l.1JIHHa - 7,68 M,
B3JIeTHhiH Bec - 654 Kf, MaKCHMaJIhHa CKOpOCTb - 150 KM/Llac, CKO-
pOnOtt'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 2000 M - 13 MHH., nOTOJIOK - 4270 M;
BoopY)KeHHe - 2 rrYJleMeTa.
,[(e XeBHJlJIeH)J; D8.4 - pa3Max KpblJIa - 12,92 M, rrJIOlI!a.l{b -
40,3 M KB., ttJIHHa - 9,35 M, B3JICTHhiH Bec - 1503 Kf, MaKCMMaJIbHa5I
CaMOJlembl IIep80u MUP080U 80Ullbl 717
CKOpOCTb - 188 KM/qaC, nOTOJIOK - 4870 M, BoopY)KeHHe - 2 nYJIe-
MeTa, 227 Kr 60M6.
,ZJ;e XeSHJlJIeu.n 10 - C 1918 f.; pa3Max KpbIJIa - 20 M, nJIOIl{a,ab -
77,2 M KB., JJ;JIHHa - 11,2 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 4100 Kr, JJ;Ba MOTopa JIH-
6epTH», MaKCHMaJIbHaR CKOpOCTb - 180 KM/qaC, CKoponOJJ;'beM-
HOCTb - 1,5 M/C (Ha BbICOTY 2000 M - 14 MHH.), nOTOJIOK - 4900 M,
BoopY)KeHHe - 3 nYJIeMeTa, 410 Kf 60M6.
ConuH'!
ll.eJIbllOJJ;epeBRHHbIH 6HnJIaH C nOJIOTIUIHOH 06IIJHBKOH. 1113-3a
cnoc06a KpenJIeHHR KpbIJIbeB Ha3bIBaJICR nOJIYTopaCTOeqHbIM. OTJIH-
tJaJICR pRJJ;OM nepeJJ;oBbIx TeXHIItICCKMX pelIJeHMH: TOpM0311ble Il1MTKH
Ha HH)KHeM KpbIJIe H cTa6HJIH3aTOp C peryJIHpyeMbIM B nOJIeTe YfJIOM
B03BbIlIJeHMR. IIIMeHHo Ha STOM annapaTe BnepBbIe B BBC COlO3HHKOB
6bIJI YCTaHOBJIeH CHHXpOHHbIH ny JIeMeT.
C OKTR6pR 1916 r. npHMeHRJICR Ha 3ana,aHOM <ppoHTe, B rIanec-
THHe 11 B MaKcJ].oHHH B KaqeCTBe pa3BeJJ;tIHKa M JIerKofo' 60M6ap.lI.H-
POBll(UKa. BbInycKaJIOCb TPH OCHOBHbIX MO]lH<PHKaUHH: IA2 - l.(BYX-
MCCTHbIH pa3BeJJ;qUK , I B2 - JJ;ByxMecTHbIH 60M6ap.lI.HpoBrulfK H B 1 -
oJJ;HoMecTHbIH <ppOHTOBOH 60M6ap.lI.HpOB1UHK. nOCJIeJJ;HRR MOJJ;H<PHKa-
UHR fopa3JJ;0 60JIblIJe COOTBeTCTBOBaJIa KJIaccy HCTpe6HTeJIeH.
MaccoBbIe nOCTaBKH Ha <ppOHT na tJaJIHCb TOJIbKO B anpeJIe 1917 f.
HatIaJIOCb JIMl.{eH3HOHHoe cTpOHTeJIbCTBO BO Cl>paHI.{HM n B POCCMlf.
EOJIblllHHCTBO BOeBaBlIJHX nOJIYTopaCTOeqHbIX 6bIJIO HMeHHO <ppan-
UY3CKOH nocTpoHKH. K oceHH 1917 f. annapaT CTaJI .lI.a)Ke npe06JIa.lI.a-
1Oll.{IIM cpeJJ;H JJ;HeBHbIX 60M6apJJ;HpOBIl{HKOB <ppaHI.{Y3cKHX BBC. OJJ;-
HaKO, H3-3a orpaHHtJeHHoH 60M60BOH HarpY3KH, C HBapR 1918 f. Ma-
IIJHHY CTaJIH nepeBOJJ;HTb B yqe6HbIe tIaCTH. Bcero 3a BOHny ConBHtJaMH
6bIJI11 OCHarueHbI 30 <ppaHI.{Y3cKRX H 3 6eJIbrHHCKHx SCKaJJ;pHJIbH, a
TaK)Ke 3 pa3Be.lIJ{HBH3HOHa RFC, 2 aBHaKpbIJIa RNAS H 3 JJ;HBH3HOHa
AEF
j!BHfaTeJIb: «Knep)Ke 110, 130 HJIH 135 JI. C. HJIlI POH» 80, 110
HJIM 130 JI. c. BoopY)KeHHe: 1 CMHXpOHHbIH BHKKepc H 1-2 TypeJIb-
HbIX JIbIOHca (Ha JJ;ByxMecTHbIx), JJ;O 50 Kf 60M6.
COnSH'I nOJlYTopaCTOe'lHbIH - C 1916 f., JJ;BYXMeCTHbIH 6HnJIaH;
pa3Max KpbIJIa - 10,21 M, nJIOIua,ab - 32,5 M KB., JJ;JIHlla - 7,7 M, B3JIeT-
HbIH Bec - 1062 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHaR CKOpOCTb - 164 KM/tIaC, CKOpO-
nOJJ;'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 1800 M - 7 MHH., nOTOJIOK - 3962 M, BO-
opY)KeHHe - 2 nYJIeMeTa, 114 Kf 60M6.
ConsH'! Pup - C 1916 f., 6HnJIaH C MOTOpOM POH 9C ; pa3Max
KpbIJIbeB - 8,08 M, nJIOIl{ClJ{b - 23,62 M KB., ]{JIHHa - 5,89 M, B3JIeT-
718
ABua Wl BeJlu'Kou BOU'H'bl
HbIM BeC - 556 Kf, MaKCHM3JIbHaR CKOpoCTb - 169 KM/qaC, CKOpOIIOl1'b-
eMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 2000 M - 9 MHH., IIOTOJIOK - 5300 M; BoopY:>Ke-
HHe - 2 nYJIeMeTa.
CODSH'! (TpHDJl8H) - C 1916 f., Ol1HOMeCTHbIH TpHIIJIaH C Ol1HHM
MOTOpOM Knep:>Ke.; pa3Max KpbIJIa - 8,08 M, nJIOIltaztb - 21,45 M KB.,
,ltJIHHa - 5,74 M, B3JIeTHbIM Bec - 700 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHCUI CKOpOCTb -
188 KM/qaC (Ha BbICOTe 4000 M - 158 KM/qac), CKOpOnOl1'beMHOCTb
Ha BbICOry 2000 M - 6 MHH. 40 c, nOTOJIOK - 6200 M; BoopY:>KeHHe -
1-2 nYJIeMeTa.
COnBH'! F -1 (KSMeJI) - C 1917 r., Ol1HOMeCTHbIM 6HnJIaH C O,ltHHM
MOTOpOM K.nepjl(e ; pa3MaX KpbIJIa - 8,5 M, nJIOIltaztb - 21,5 M KB.,
,ltJIHHa - 5,6 M, B3JIeTHbIM Bec - 660 Kr, MaKCHM3JIbHaR CKOpOCTb -
183 KM/qaC, CKOpOnO,lt'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 2000 M - 6 MHH., nOTO-
JIOK - 5800 M; BoopY:>KeHHe - 2 nYJIeMeTa.
CODSH'! TF-2 (C8Jl8M8I1J];pa) - C 1918 f., Ol1HOMeCTHbIH 6HnJIaH-
C O,ltHHM MOTOpOM 4EeHTJIH BR-2; pa3MaX KpbIJIa - 9,5 M, IIJIOIlta.ztb -
23,5 M KB., ,ltJIHHa - 5,9 M, B3JIeTHbIM Bec - 1150 Kf, MaKCHM3JIbHaR
CKOpOCTb - 200 KM/qaC, CKOpOnOl1'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 2000 M -
9 MHH., nOTOJIOK - 3960 M; BoopY:>KeHHe - 2 nYJIeMeTa.
CODaH'! 5F-1 (,aeJlb HH) - C 1918 f., Ol1HOMeCTHblH 6HI1JIaH C
Ol1HMM MOTOpOM EeHTJIH BR-2; pa3MaXKpbIJIa - 9,9 M, nJIOll{a.ztb -
24,5 M KB., J{JIHHa - 6,78 M, B3JIeTHbiM Bec - 911 Kf, MaKCHM3JIbHM
CKOpOCTb - 180 KM/qaC, CKOpOnOl1'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 2000 M - 6,5
MHH., nOTOJIOK - 5650 M; BoopY:>KeHHe - 2 nYJIeMeTa.
X3H.n.nH-n3HJJ;:>K
B l1eKa6pe 1914 f. B0311YWHbIH ,ltenapTaMeHT 6pHTaHcKofo AJ1.-
MHp3JITeHCTBa BbI,lt3JI aBHa$HpMaM 3aKa3 Ha KpynHbIH l1BYXMOTOP-
HblM aSpOnJIaH, npel1Ha3HaqeHHbIM l1JIR 113JIbHefO npOTHBOJI0110qHOrO
naTpYJIHpOBaHH . B Haq3JIe 1915 f. $HpMa XSH,ltJIH-I13HJ{)K npel1JIO-
)IUIJIa npoeKT annapaTa, fO,ltHOfO He TOJIbKO 11JU1 nOMCKa cy6MapHlI, HO
M J{JIR HCIIOJIb30BaHHR B KaqeCTBe TR:>KeJIOrO oM6apl1HpOBIltHKa. fJIaB-
HbIM 3aKa31.UIKOM OCTaBanOCb Al1MHpaJITeHCTBO, 3aHHTepeCOBaHHoe B
B03MO)f(HOCTH aTaKOBaTb BpIDKeCKHe cYl1a B faBaHRX M Ha RKOpHbIX
CTORHKax.
B MapTe 1915 f. $MpMa nOl1nHCana KOHTpaKT Ha 40 MaWHH, a 18
.n:eKa6pR 3TOfO)Ke fO,lta B B03,ltYX nOl1HRJIaCb nepBaR MaIllHHa, Ha3BaH-
Ha «X3Hl{JIH-03H,ltjl( 0/100». 3TO 6bIJI .n:BYXMOTOPHbIl1 nOJIYTopan-
JIaH C 6HnJIaHHbIM XBOCTOBbIM onepeHHeM, ,ltepeBRHHbIM KapKaCOM 11
nOJIOTHRHOH 06IllMBKOM. ,l!BHraTeJIH H 6eH306aKM B BbITRUYTbIX 06TC-
KaeMbIX fOH110JIaX KpenHJIHCb Ha Me:>KKpblJIbeBbIX CTOMKax. ,l!JI Toro
CaMOJlembl IIep80u MUP080U 80UHbl
719
"IT06hI a3pOnJIaH MOr nOMeInaTbCH B CTaH apTHbIX aHrapaX, nOJIYKO-
P06KH KpbIJIbeB C eJIaJIH CKJIa):tbIBaIOInMMMCH nOBOpOTOM Ha3a):t B OJlb
<p 10 3eJIH)Ka.
EOJIbllIOe BHMMaHMe 6bIJIO y eJIeHO 3aInHTe 3KHna)Ka H CHJlOBbIX
YCTaHOBOK. TIOJIHOCTblO 3aKpbITaH OCTeKJleHHa.Sl Ka6HHa JIeT"IHKOB
nepBOHa"laJIbHO HMeJIa 6pOHHpOBaHHbIH nOJI M 3a HIOIO CTeHKY, MOTO-
pbI TaK)Ke 6bIJIH 3aInH eHbI 6pOHeH. O HaKO B xo e HcnbITaHMH 3TO
6bIJIO CO"lTeHO H3JIHIlIHHM. Pa):tH YJI)"IllIeHHH 0630pa H CHH)KeHH.SI Beca
pellIHJIH nO)KepTBOBaTb KOM<pOpTOM H 6e30naCHOCTblO, y6paB 6pOHM-
pOBaHHe H OCTeKJIeHHe. 3KHnIDK MallIHHbI COCTOHJI H3 4 -x "IeJIOBeK:
BYX nHJIOTOB, HOCOBoro H XBOCTOBoro CTpeJIKOB.
TIepBbIe MallIHHbI nocTynHJIH na BoopY)I(eHHe B HOH6pe 1916 r. B
3-e KpbIJIO RNAS, 6a3MpOBaBllIeecH Ha ceBepe <1>paHl.(HH. TIepBoHa-
"IaJlbHO Ha MallIHHax ocy eCTBJIHJIOCb naTpy JIHpOBaHMe Ha):t JIa - MalI-
llIeM H B OJIb 6eperoB <1>JIaH,ltpHH. 3aTeM annapaT CTaJIH npHDJIeKaTb
K 60JIee cepbe3HhIM oIIepaQHHM. C MapTa 1917 r. OHM COBepllIaJIH rpyn-
nOBbIe HaJIeTbI Ha repMaHCKHe BoeHlIbIe 3aDO bI, )l(eJle3HO OpO)l(IIble
CTaHQHH H 6a3bI nO BO HbIX JIO OK. HeCKOJIbKO MallIHH 6bIJIO OTnpaB-
JIellO B rpeQHIO H B TIa.neCTMHY. O Ha H3 HHX Y"IaCTBOllaJIa B 60M6ap-
JJ;upOHKe KOHCTaHTIIHOnOJI.R..
B XO,lte cepHHHoro BhInYCKa npoJJ;OJDKaJIOCb COBeprneHCTDOB3HHC
annapaTa. TIoCJIe C a"lH 46-ro 3K3eMnJI.SIpa cpnpMa CTaJIa np0J13BO,ltHTb
HOBYIO MO H<t>HKaQHIO O/400 , OTJIH"IarnBYIOCH MOTopaMH nOBbIllIeH-
HOH MOmHOCTII, YCHJIeHHbIM CHJIOBbIM Ha60pOM, a T3K)I(e pH,ltOM 113-
MeHeHHH B TOnJIHBHOH CHCTeMe. TalOKc 6bIJI 3Ha 4HTeJIbHO YBeJIIf'-leH
061>eM 6eH306aKoB. X3H JIH-TI3il )K 0/400»- 6blJI 060PYAoBaH pa HO-
TeJIerpa<pHoH CTaHQHeH, l\JI.R. "Iero 6blJI BDe eH nHTbIH '-LlIeH 3KHna)l(a -
pa.nHCT, BbIIIOJIH.SIBIlIHH TalOKe 06H3aHHOCTJI 60M6ap Hp3. 3Ta MO,ltU-
<PHKaQHj{ RBHJIaCb caMbIM MaCCOBbIM TH)I(eJIbIM 60M6ap.AHpOB HKOM
TIepBoH MHpOBOH BOHHbI. Bcero 6bIJIO nOCTpoeno 554 MallIHHbI TaKO-
ro THna. A nnapaThI aKTHBHO npHMeHHJIHCb Ha 3ana HOM <ppoHTe, OT-
,lteJIbHbIe 3K3eMIIJIRpbI - B TIaJIeCTHUe H B MaKel\oHHII.
C aBrycTa 1918 f. peryJIHpHO 60M6HJIH repMaHCKHe npOMbIllIJIeH-
Hble eHTpbI B Caape H PeiiHcKoH 06JIaCTH. C ceHTH6pH aHrJIH"IaHe
HarpYj[(aJIH annapaT CBepXTH)I(eJIbIMH no TeM BpeMeHaM 750-Kr 60M-
6aMH.
K HaqaJIY HOH6pR B l\HBH3HOHax Ha <ppoHTe "IHCJIHJIOCb 258 Ma-
llIHH MO H<pHKau.HH 0/400..
,l1BHraTeJIH: MO,ltH<pHKaQll.Sl 0/100. - 2 MOTopa POJIJIC-POHC»
l1rJI II. 250 JI. C., Ha nOCJle HIIX 6 3K3eMJIJIHpaX - Can6lfM .Koc-
caK. 320 JI. C.; MO J1<t>HKaullH .0/400. - 2 MOTopa .POJIJIC- POIIC»
720
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80UHbl
«l1rJI IV, VII MJIM VIII OT 285,lt0 375 JI. C., HHOf,lta JIH6epTM 400
JI. C. MJIH «<1>HaT 260 JI. C., MJIH CaH6MM MaopH. 275 JI. c. BooPY:>Ke-
HMe: HOCOBa.Sl M XBOCTOBa.Sl TypeJIM cnapeHHbIX .JIbIOMCOB C peJIbCO-
BOM HanpaBJIHIOIneM (MHOf,lta 1 MJIM 2 TaKMX )Ke TypeJIM no 60pTaM),
60M60Ba.SI HarpY3Ka OT 800 ,lt0 920 Kf.
X3f1A11H n3 11 (UP /100) - C 1916f.; p33MaxKpblJIa - 30,48 M,
nJIOIUa):tb - 153 M KB., J{JIHHa - 19,5 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 6350 Kr, ,ltBa
MOTopa «POJIJIC- POHC , MaKCHMaJIbHa.SI CKOpOCTb - 132 KM/qaC, nOTO-
JIOK - 2100 M, BoopY)KeHHe - 4 rrYJIeMeTa, 454 Kr 60M6.
X31fA1IH n3 )1( 12 (UP /400) - C 1917 f.; pa3MaX KpbIJIa - 30 M,
nJIOIna,ltb - 152 M KB., J{JIHHa - 18,85 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 6309 Kf, J{Ba
MOTopa «POJIJIC- POMC», MaKCMMaJIbHaR CKOpOCTb - 158 KM/qaC, CKO-
ponOJ{1>eMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 3000 M - 30 MMH., nOTOJIOK - 2400 M,
BoopY)KeHMe - 5 nYJIeMeTOB, 810 Kf 60M6.
X3lWIH n3 15 (UP /1500) - C 1917 f.; p33Max KpbIJIa - 30,30
M, nJIOIna):tb - 279 M KB., ,ltJIMHa - 18,8 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 13 500 Kf,
qeTbIpe MOTopa POJIJIC-POMC., MaKCHMaJIbHaH CKOpOCTb - 160 KM/
qac, CKoponOJ{1>eMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 3000 M - 21 MHH., nOTOJIOK -
3300 M, BoopY)KeHHe - 4 nYJIeMeTa, 3300 Kr 60M6.
TaK)I(e B ooeBblx ,n;eitcTBHJJX Y'IaCTBOBaJlH
ARpo 504 - C 1914 f., ,ltBYXMeCTHbIH 6HnJIaH C O,ltHHM MOTOpOM
rHOM.; pa3Max KpbIJIbeB - 10,98 M, nJIOInaJ{b - 30,7 M KB., ,ltJIHUa -
8,98 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 828 Kf, MaKCMMaJlbHaH CKOpOCTb - 140 KM/
qac, cKoponoJ{1>eMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 1100 M - 7 MHH., nOTOJIOK -
3650 M, BoopYjKeHHe - 2 nYJIeMeTa, 37 Kf 60M6.
ApMcTpOHr-BHTBopT FK-8 - C 1916 f.; pa3MaxKpblJIa -13,26 M,
fiJlOInaztb - 37,6 M KB., Jt.1IHHa - 9,45 M, B3JIeTHblH Bec - 1275 Kf, OJ{HH
MOTOp Eep,ltMop., MaKCHMaJIbHaR CKOpOCTb - 149 KM/qaC, CKOpO-
nO,lt1>eMHOCTb Ha BbICOry 2000 M - 10 MHH., rrOTOJlOK - 3962 M, BO-
opY)KeHMe - 2 rrYJleMeTa, 73 KI' 60M6.
6pHCTOJlb,lt .CKaYT. (Pa3Bel\qHK) - C 1914 r., ol\HoMecTHbIH
6MnJIaH C OJ{HMM MOTOpoM .POH ; p33Max KpbIJIbeB -7,5 M, DJIOInaztb -
18,4 M KB., J{JIHHa - 6,3 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 543 Kr, MaKCHMaJlbHCUI CKO-
pOCTb - 150 KM/qaC, CKoporrOlfbeMHOCTb Ha BbICOry 2000 M - 10 MHH.
40 c, rrOTOJIOK - 4700 M; BoopYjKeHHe - 36,5 Kf60M6.
6pHCTOJI. F.2B - C 1916 f., ltOYXMeCTHbIH 6HlIJIaH, C O,ltHHM MO-
TOpOM . POJIJIC- POHC.; pa3Max KpbIJIbeB - 11,96 M, nJIOll{aJ(b -
37,68 M KB., JVIHHa - 7,87 M, B3JIeTHblH Bec - 1261 Kf, MaKCMMaJIb-
HCUI CKOpOCTb - 192 KM/qaC, CKoponOl\'beMHOCTb H3 SLiCOTY 2000 M -
6,5 MHH., nOTOJIOK - 6100 M; Boopyx<eHHe - 2 nY.1leMeTa.
CaMOJlembl Ilep8oi1 MUP080U 80Ullbl 721
6pHCTOJlb 13 M (R-1) - C 1918 f., .l{BYXMCCTHbIM 6UIIJIaH C O.l{-
HHM MOTOpOM I1CIIaHO CIOM3a ; pa3MaX KpblJIbeB - 12,8 M, IIJIO-
a.lJ;b - 42,5 M KB., .lJ;JIHHa - 8,2 M, B3JIeTHbIlr Bec - 1274 Kr, MaKCI1-
MaJIbHaH CKOpOCTb - 176 KMjqaC, CI(OpOJIOll.'beMHOCTb Ha BblCOTY
1500 M - 8 MMH.; BOOPY:>KeHHe - 2 IIYJIeMeTa.
6pHCTOJlb 24 MK-1 (6p3Mep) - C 1918 f., II THMeCTHbIH TPHII-
JIaH C qeTbIpbM MOTopaMM nYMa ; pa3Max KpbIJIbeB - 24,9 M, IIJIO-
aJl:b - 176 M KB., .l{JIMHa - 15,6 M, B3JIeTHbIM Bec - 6120 Kr, MaKCH-
MaJIbHaH CKOpOCTb - 164 KMjqaC, cKoponoJ{'beMHOCTb na BbICOTY
1800 M - 14,2 MIIH., IIOTOJIOK - 4260; BooPY:>KeHUe - 5 nYJIeMeTOn,
2260 Kf 60M6.
6pHCTOJlb M1C - C 1918 r., OJ1.HoMeCTHbIII MOHOIIJIaH, C O,lUIHM
MOTOpOM POH ; paJMax KpbIJIbeB - 9,38 M, nJIOIUa.z1b - 13,5 M KD.,
.l{JIHHa - 6,24 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 609 Kf, MaKCMMaJIbHaH CKOpOCTb -
210 KMjqaC, CKOpOIIOJ{'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 2000 M - 5 MHH. 50 c,
nOTOJIOK - 6400 M; BoopY:>KeHUe - 2 IIY JIeMeTa.
6J13K6op K3Hrypy - C 1917 f.; pa3Max KpbIJIa - 22,8 M, fIJIO-
a.u.b - 78 M KB., .lJ;JIMHa - 14 M, B3JIeTHbiM Bec - 3636 Kf, ,l{Ba MOTopa
POJIJIC- POMC , MaKCMMaJIbHasI CKOpOCTb - 160 I<:MjqaC, CKoponO,l{'b-
eMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 2000 M - 18 MHH., nOTOJIOK - 3430 M, BoopY:>Ke-
HMe - 3 nYJIeMeTa, 490 Kf 60M6.
BE-2 (2a, 2b) - C 1911(14) f., .lJ;BYXMeCTHbIH 6nnJIaH C OJ{HHM
MOTOpOM rHOM ; pa3Max KpbIJIbeB - 11,7 M, IIJIO aJ{b - 34,5 M KB.,
l\JIMHa - 8,9 M, B3JIeTHbIM: Bec - 730 Kf, MaKCMMaJIbHaH CKOpOCTb -
112 KMjqaC, CKOpOnOll.'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 3000 M - 22 MUll., nOTO-
JIOK - 3048 M.
BE-2e - C 1916 f., ,l(BYXMeCTHbIM 6HIIJIaH C O.lJ;HHM MOTOpOM
.RAF. 1a; paJMax KpbIJlbeB - 12,42 M, nJIOma.lJ;b - 34,5 M KB., .l{Jur-
Ha - 8,31 M, B3J1eTHbIH Bec - 953 Kr, MaKCIfMaJIbHM CKOpOCTb - 132
KM/qaC, CKOpOIlO,l('beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 1700 M - 20 MIIII., nOTOJIOK -
3050 M; BoopY:>KellMe - 1-2 ny JICMCTa, 100 Kr 601\16.
FE-2b - C 1914 r., .lJ;DyxMecTHblii <l>epMeHHbIlf 6HIIJIaH C O,l{HMM
MOTOpOM EepJtMop.; pa3MaX KpbIJIbeB - 14,56 M, rrJIO a,l{b - 46
M KB., ,l(JIMUa - 9,84 M, B3JIeTHbIi'r Dec - 1376 Kr, MaKC"MaJIblla CKO-
paeTh - 130 KM/qaC, cKopOnO,l("beMHOCTb na BbICOTY 2000 M - 19 MHH.,
nOTOJIOK - 3350 M; BoopY:>KeHUe - 2 ny JIeMeTa.
FE-8 - C 1916 r., )epMeHHbIH 6unJIan C MOTOpOM POH ; pa3Max
KpblJlbeB - 9,6 M, nJlOU.t3J.tb - 20,2 M KB., .lJ;JIIIHa - 7,22 M, B3JIeTHbIH
BeC - 670 Kr, M3KCUMaJlbHaH CKOPOCT'b - 150 KM/qaC, CKOpOIIO.lJ;'beM-
HOCTb Ha BblCOTY 2000 M - 9 MIIH. 10 c, nOTOJlOK - 4400 M; DoopY:>Ke-
HHe - 2 nYJIeMeTa.
722
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80UHbi
RE-8 - C 1916 f., ,lI;BYXMeCTHbIH 6HnJIaH C O,lJ;HHM MOTOpOM RAF.
4a; pa3MaX KpbIJIbeB - 12,98 M, nJIOma.ztb - 35 M KB., ,ltJIHHa - 8,5 M,
B3JIeTHhIM Bec - 1215 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHCUI CKOpOCTb - 164 KM/qaC, CKO-
ponO,Z!"beMHOCTb Ha BbICOry 2000 M - 21 MHH., nOTOJIOK - 4100 M;
BoopY:>KeHHe - 2-3 nYJIeMeTa, 118 Kf 60M6.
BHKKepc FB-5 (raH6ac) - C 1914 f., ,Z!BYXMeCTHbIH 6HnJIaH C O,lt-
HHM MOTOpOM rllOM.; pa3MaX KpbIJIbeB - 11,1 M, nJIOIna,Z!b - 35,5 M
KB., ,n;JIHHa - 8,3 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 930 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHaH CKOpOCTb -
112 KM/qaC, cKopono,Z!'beMHOCTb Ha BhICOTY 1500 M - 16 MHH., IIOTO-
JIOK - 2700 M; BoopY)KeHHe - 1 ny JIeMeT.
BHKKepc FB-9 - C 1915 f., ,Z!BYXMeCTHbIH 6HnJIaH C O,n;HHM MOTO-
pOM rHOM ; pa3MaX KpbIJIbeB - 10,3 M, nJIOIna.ztb - 31,6 M KB., ,ltJIH-
Ha - 8,5 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 858 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHCUI CKOpOCTb - 133
KM/qaC, CKoponO,Z!'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 2000 M - 19 MHH., nOTOJIOK -
3350 M; BoopYJKeHHe - 1 ny JIeMeT.
MapTHHCaH G-102 - C 1916 f.; pa3Max KphIJIa - 11,59 M, nJIO-
IUa,n;b - 32,2 M KB., ,ltJIHHa - 8,24 M, B3JIeTHbIM Bec - 1116 Kf, O.ll.HH
MOTOp Eep,Z!Mop , MaKCHMaJIbHa CKOpOCTb - 107 KM/qaC, CKOpO-
nO,Z!"beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 2000 M - 9 MHH., nOTOJIOK - 4880 M, BOOPY-
:>KeHHe - 1 nYJIeMeT, 118 Kf 60M6.
AD-THn 1000 - C 1915 f., nRTHMeCTHhIM 6HnJIaH C ,Z!BYMR MOTO-
paMH CaH6H'M 8; pa3Max KpbIJIbeB - 35 M; BoopY)KeHHe - 1 nYlliKa.
IllopT 5-81 - C 1914 f., ,Z!BYXMeCTHbIM 6HnJIaH C O.ll.HHM MOTOpOM
«rHOM ; BoopY)KeHHe - 1 nYlliKa.
IllopT 6oMoep - C 1916 f.; pa3MaX KpbIJIa - 25,91 M, nJIollta,ltb -
62,2 M KB., ,Z!JII1Ua - 13,72 M, B3JleTHblH Bec - 3084 Kf, O HH MOTOp
«POJIJIC- POMC , MaKCMMaJIbHaH CKOpOCTb - 124 KM/qaC, cKopono,n;'b-
eMHOCTb HCJ BbICOTY 2000 M - 26 MHH., nOTOJIOK - 2890 M, BoopY:>Ke-
HHe - 2 JJYJIeMeTa, 420 Kf 60M6.
fHAPOCaMOJleTbl
<beJlHKCTOBe-nOpTe F-2a - C 1916 f., qeTblpeXMeCTHbIH 6HnJIaH
C .lI.BYl\HI MOTopaMH 411fJI 8; pa3M3X KpbIJIben - 29,6 M, nJIOma.nb -
105 M KB., l{JIIfHa - 13,2 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 4980 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHa
CKOpOCTh - 153 KM/qaC, CKoponO.ll.'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOT)' 3000 M - 39,5
MI-III., nOTOJIOK - 3000 M; BoopY)I(eHHe - 4 nYJIeMeTa, 210 Kf 60M6.
WeJIHKCTOBe-nOpTe F-3 - C 1917 f., qeTbIpeXMeCTlIbU 6HfiJIan C
J(BYM5I MOTopaMH «l1fJI 8; pa3MaX KpbIJIbeB - 31 M, rr.nOIUa.ztb - 132,8
M Kn., J1JlJlua - 14,9 M, B3JICTHhIH Bec - 5580 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHaR CKO-
pOCTh - 153 KM/1faC, cKoponO,lt"beMHOCTb Ha BhICOT)' 2000 M - 24 MHH.,
nOTOJlOK - 2450 M; BoopY)KeHHe - 4 nYJIeMeTa, 420 Kf 60M6.
CaMOJlembl [fep8ou M,UP080U 80Ullbl 723
(!)3pH 127 (N-9) - C 1917 r., J{ByxMecTHhIH 6HnJIaH C OJ{HHM MO-
TOpOM .CI>aJIbKOH. 1; pa3MaX KpbIJIbeB - 15,25 M, llJIOInaJ{b - 39 M
KB., tl;JIHHa - 10,7 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 1730 Kr, MaKCHMaJIbHaSl CKO-
pOCTb - 137 KM/qaC, cKOpOnotl;'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 1500 M - 9,5 MHH.,
nOTOJIOK - 2640 M; BoopY:>KeHHe - 1 nYJIeMeT.
POCCHH
Au:aTpa
J{ByxMecTllbIH lteJIbHOtl;epeB HHbIll 6unJIan C IIOJIOTH HOi1: 06-
IIIHBKOit Pa3pa60TKa HatJaTaJICTOM 1915 r. Ha O,l{CCCKOM 3aBO,l{C, npl1-
Hatl;Jle:>KaBWCM 6aHKHPY A.A. AHaTpe. ABTOpbI npoeKTa B. B. XUOHI1
H <ppaHltY3cKHll HII:>KeHep L[eKaH. IIepBbIM nOJlCT 19 .n:eKa6pSl 1915 r.
ITocJle MHorOtJHCJIeHHbIX .AOpa60ToK YTBep:>KtI;eH 3TanOHIIbIH 06pa-
3elt H 26 anpeJI 1916 r. 3aBO,l{ nOJ{nMCaJI ,l{OrOBOp C YBB<1> Ha 80
MalllHH.
3aBO,l{ OCBOHJI npOM3BOtl;CTBO .ABYXMeCTuoro CaMOJICTa-pa3Bel(1JI1-
Ka AHaTpa-L[.. 3Ta MalllMHa CTpOHJlaCb no TMny JIe6el(b-12 , no
OTJIMtJanaCb OT Hero MeHbllIMMl'1 pa3McpaMM.
ITCpBblH cepHHHblH caMOJIeT AHaTpa-t1 (AHa,z{e, AnaTpa-t1eKaH)
6bIJI BbInymeH 16 Ma 1916 r. TIcpBble CaMOJIeTbl 3Toro TMna, IIOCTY-
nl1BIUMe Ha BoopY:>KeHHC B Cepetl;HHe 1916 r., npHH JIM YQaCTI1C B 60c-
BblX tl;eHCTBM X. ITHJIOT I OTMC1JaJIM BSlJlYlO pcaKUHlO Ha PYJlII 11 Ten-
l(eHltHIO CBaJIHBaTbCR Ha HOC BO BpeM nJIaIlMpOBaHU , 3aTeM 06paTH-
JIM BIIUMaHMe Ha HCtI;OCTaTOQUOe OXJIa)KJ.l,CIIHe JtBHraTeJI}I. 3aBO.ACK.HC
KOIICTPYKTOPbl npHH JIH MCpbl K JlHKBHtI;aUHM 3TlIX Hel(oCTaTKoB.
HOBaR MalllMHa C 60JIee MOlltHbIMIi l(BHraTCJlSlMH «K.ncp:>Ke (M01UI-
<pUKaUH}I AHaKJIe MJIM AHaKJlep») nOJIyqUJIa nnOCJlCl(CTll.HU Ha-
3BaHHe AHaTpa-Knep . Ha <ppOHT Haqana 1I0cTynaTb JIeTOM 1916 r.
L[o no 6pR 1917 r. 6blJIO nOCTpoeHO 170 MalllMH.
HecMoTp Ha MHO:>KeCTBO aBapHii 06e MO,l{H<pMKaltMM llll1pOKO
flpMMeH JlMCb B PYCCKMX BBC, COCTO JI.H Ha BoopY:>KeHI1M MHornx KOp-
IIYCHbIX aBHaOTp l(OB lO:>KHOrO 11 IOrO-3ana,l.(HOrO <pPOHTOB.
CJlCl(YIOInCUI MOl(H<pHKal{HSI, pa3pa60TaHHaH B. ncpnofl I10JJOBI1He
1916 r. nOl( 60JIee MOlUllbUi MOTOp CaJIbMCOH , HMCJla CJIerKa YBeJIH-
1JCHHble pa3Mepbl, <paHepHYIO 06nlllBKY .H Ha3bIBa.TIaCb «AHaCaJIb». Bnep-
BbIC nOtl;H JlaCb B B03,l{YX 25 HIOJI 1916 r., 3aTCM l(oJlro ,l{OBot{lIJIaCb I[
6bula 3anYInCHa n Cepl1rlHOe npOH3BOl(CTBO JlHlllb n llattaJIe 1917 r. Bce-
ro nocTpoeHO He 60JIee 70 MalllMH. B <peBpaJIe 1917 r. BblrrYllleno HC-
CKOJIbKO MallllfH C l(BlIraTCJIeM B 160 JI. c. (MO.AuqnIKaUM}I AHaTpa-
724
A8ua UR BeJlUKOU 80U1tbl
11 CC MJIM AHaCaJIb-CC ). 3TOT CaMOJIeT npHMeIDIJICR He TOJIbKO KaK
pa3DeJPHIK M KoppeKTMpODIUHK, HO M KaK ,n;DYXMeCTHbIU MCTpe6HTeJIb.
,l1DMraTeJIb: fHOM-MoHocynan 100 11. C., .Kn:ep)l(e 110 JI. C.,
CaJIbMCOH» 150 H1IM 160 JI. c. BooPY)I(eHHe: 1 wKDopHeDblH JIblO-
HC , .KOJIbT MJIH MaKcMM D 3a..ztHeu Ka6HHe, MHor,n;a CHHXpOHHbIM
BHKKepc MJIM KOJIbT ; Ha nOCJIe,l{HeM Mo,n;M<pHKa HM 06a DapMaH-
Ta o,n;HODpeMeHHO.
TTl1: pa3MaX KpbIJIa (AHaCaJIb) - 11,5 M (11,42), nJIOIUa..ztb - 35
M KD.(37), ,n;JIMHa - 7,7 M (8,1), D3JIeTHbIM Dec - 865 Kr (1164), MaK-
CMMaJIbHM CKOpOCTb 132 KM/qaC (144), cKopono,n;'beMHOCTb Ha DbICO-
TY 2000 M - 16 MHH. (Ha 3000 M - 24 MHH.), nOTOJIOK - 4000 M
(4300), DoopY)I(eHMe - 2 nYJIeMeTa, 100 Kr 60M6.
JIe6e)J;b
I eJIbHo,n;epeDRIIHbIM ,n;DyxcTOe'iHbIM 6HnJlaH co CMemaHHOM 06-
llIMDKOH. <D103eJIR)I( cpaHepHbIM, KpbIJIbR M onepeHMe 06IIIMTbI nOJIOT-
HOM. CnpocKTHpoDaH Ha 6a3e Tpo<peMHoro repMaHCKoro AJIb6aTpOca
MO,l{H<pMKaI!HM C-II, 3aXDaqeHHOrO PYCCKHMH JIeTOM 1915 r. OceHblo
Toro )l(e ro,n;a CJIerKa IIOBpe)l(,n;eHHbIH aapOnJIaH ,n;OCTaDMJIH Ha 3aDO,n;
B.A. JIe6e,n;eDa C npe,n;JIO)l(eHHeM pa3pa60TaTb aHaJIOrMQHYIO MalllMHY,
YCTanoDHD Ha Hee DMCCTO repMaHCKoro ,n;DHraTeJIR Mepce,l{ec» ,n;BH-
raTeJIb «CaJIbMCOH OTeQeCTDeHHoro npOM3Do,n;CTDa. TIepBbIH anna-
paT TaKoro TMIIa, Ha3BaHHbIH .JIe6e,n;b 12 IIO,n;HRJICR D D03.nyx (28 ,lI,e-
Ka6pR 1915 r.) 10 RHDapR 1916 r.
A (19 anpeJlR) 2 MaR 1916 r. 3aBO,l{ Jle6e,n;eDa no,n;nHCaJI C fBTY
J{orODOp Ha nocTpoMKY 225 MamHH. TIepBble 10 MamMH 6bIJlM C,lI,aHbI
DoeHHOMY De,n;oMcTDY D aDrycTe 1916 r. 10 (23) OKTR6pR 1916 r. 6bIJlO
npHHRTO pemeHHe 3aMeHMTb HOBbIM aniiapaTOM DO Dcex <pPOHTODbIX
aDHaOTpR,n;ax ycrapeDlliHe MamHlIbI BYa3eH . Bcero,n;o OKTR6p 1917 r.
3aDO,n; c,n;aJI 192 MallIHHbI TaKoro THna. HeKoTopbIe M3 HHX 6bIJlM M3ro-
TOBJIeHbI B yqe6HoM DapHaHTe: 6e3 DOOPY)KeHIDI, C Ka6HHOM yqJIeTa DIIe-
PCI..(JI, a MHcTp)'KTopa - C3a..ztI1; 3Ta MO,l{M<pHKalUIR 0603Hat{aJlacb T -12 .
HeCMoTpR Ha pR,n; He,n;OCTaTKOD, Tpy,n;Hoe DbIDe,n;eHHe H3 nMKHpo-
BaHHR, nO)KapbI 113-3a 3acaCbIDaHHR DbIXJIOIIHbIX raJOD D Ka6HHY, mH-
pOKO HCnOJlb30DaJICR Ha cppOHTe. 11 MeJI MHoro MO,n;M<pHKaI!MM (,n;o 24).
L(DHraTeJlb: CaJIbMCOH 140, 150 HJIH 160 JI. c. BooPY)I(eHue: 1
KOJIbT» HJIH JIbIOHC Ha mKDopHeDoH YCTaHoBKe, ,n;o 30 Kr 60M6
TT,l1 JIe6e,n;b-12 : pa3Max KpbIJIa - 13,15 M, nJIOI a,l{b - 42
M. KD., ,l{JlHHa -7,96 M, D3JIeTHbIM Dec - 1170 Kr, MaKCHMaJIbHaR CKO-
pOCTb - 115 KM/qaC, CKopono,n;'beMHOCTb Ha DbICOry 1000 M - 13 MHH.,
nOTOJlOK - 3000 M, DoopY)I(eHMe - 2 nYJleMeTa, 100 Kr 60M6.
CaMOJlembl JIep80u .MUP080U 80Ullbl 725
KnhJl MYPoMen
U:eJIbHo,ZJ;epeB HHbIH MHorOCTOeqHbIH 6UI1JIaH C 110JIOTfHIIIOii 06-
IllHBKOH. TIepBbIH MHoroMoTopllbIH T I)KeJIbIM 60M6ap,ll.HpOBIIUfK. Co-
3JJ;aH PYCCKHM aBHaKOHCTPYKTOpOM 11.11. CJfKOpCKHM B 1913 r. Ha 6a3c
qeTblpeXMOTopHoro annapaTa PYCCKJfH BHT 3b». TIepBaH MaWHHa,
C03,l1.aHHasI Ha PEB3 B CaHKT-TIeTep6ypre 110JJ;IUL7IaCb B B03,l1.YX 10 (23)
JJ;eKa6p 1913 r. 12 (25) MCUl1914 r. 3aBO,ll. 110JJ;I1HCaJl JJ;orOBOp C fBTY
Ha H3rOTOBJIeHHe 10 anl1apaTOB TaKoro TlIna. Bcero 3a BpeM Boi1:HbI
110CTpOeHO OKOJIO 80 MaWHH.
B 1914 r. no 3aKa3Y MopCKoro Be,ll.OMCTBa CUKOpCKUii C03JJ;aJI ca-
MOJIeT I1M-E (nOnJIaBKOBbIH). CaMOJlCT 6bIJI Ha Tpex 110l1JIaBKaX,
4 ,lI.BHraTeJIR Apryc. 110 100 JI. c. Ha HeM 6bIJlH 3aMeHeHbI J{BYM ,l].BH-
raTeJIHMH CaJIbMCOH 110 200 JI. c. TIcpBbnul nOJIeT COCTO JIC 14 Ma
1914 r. Ha TOT MOMeHT 3TO 6bIJI caMbIH 60JlbllIOH B M1-lpe m.npocaMOJIeT.
TIepBasI cepHHHIDI MOJJ;H<t>HKal(H , IIa3BaHHCUI B tJCCTb nepeJleTa Hep-
BOH MallIlfHbITaKorornnaH3 TIeTep6ypraB KHeB 16-17 (29-30) HIOH
1914 r. I1JIb MypoMel( KneBcKHH (I1M-E KI1cBCIGIii, ceplUI E),6bIJIa
OCHa eHa J].BHraTeJIHMH Apryc (J{Ba no 140 11 ,lI.Ba no 125 JI. c.) UJIH
CaJIbMCOII (,ZJ;Ba no 200 H,lI.Ba no 135 JI. c.) H lfMeJIa 3KMnIDK 4 \leJlonc-
Ka. BooPY)J(eHHe H3HaqaJIbHO He YCTaHaBJIHBaJIOCb. ITocTpocno 6 Ma-
IllIlH (2 C AprycaMH , 4 C CaJIbMCOllaMlf ), nO\lTH JJ;O CCpe,ll.lUlbI 1915
r. I1pnMCH JIHCb rJIaBHbIM o6pa30M B Ka\leCTBe yqC6HbIX.
BTopaH MO,ll.H<pHKal{H «11M - B 6bIJIa neCKOJIbKO 06JIerqeIIHOii,
YMcubIlleHHblx pa3MepoB, C 6eH306aKaMH, l1epeHeCcHHbTMH Ha KpbI-
illY <pI03eJIH)IGl, BoopY)J(eHHasI J{BYM I1YJIeMeTaMH pa3HbIX cnCTeM na
IllKBopHeBbIx YCTaHoBKax B Ha,ll.<pI03eJI )J(1I0M BbIpe3e Bepxuero Kphl-
JIa. I1Hor,ll.a 6PaJIH pyqHOll nYJIeMCT ,lI.JI CTpeJIb6bl qepC3 OKIIa B <p1O-
3eJUl)J(e. 3KHnIDK TaK)Ke 4 qeJlOBCKa. EOM60BasI HarpY3Ka ,lI.OCTlfraJIa
500 Kr. B 1914-1915 rr. 6bIJIO 110CTpOeHO OKOJIO 30 MallIHII I1M-B»,
OCnall.{CHHbIX qall.{e Bcero 4-M ,lI.BHraTeJI MH CaH6HM 110 150 JI. c.
MO,ll.H<pHKal.(H I1M-f (ilinpoKOKpbIJlbIH) BhInYCKaJIaCb C lI.e-
Ka6pH 1915 r. OTJIHqanaCb 60JIee KPYI1HbIMII pa3MepaMlf, wuprflIoll
(XOp,ll.OH) KpbIJIbeB, YCHJIeHlIbIM CTpeJlKOBbIM BOOPYJKeHHeM 1-1 YBeJIII-
\leHHbIM ,lI.O 6 \leJIOBeK 3KnI1IDKeM. CTpOllJIaCb C MOTopaMH pa3J1H\lllbIX
THI10B. C MOTopaMII PEB3 MaWHHbI Ha3bIBaJIHCb Pycc06aJITaMH , C
MOTpaMH PeHO - PeH06aJITaMH . 3Ta Mot{HcpHKal(H BhII1YCKa-
JIaCb C 1916 no 1918 r. H HMeJIa HeCKOJIbKO Cy6MO,ll.H<pHKal(HH. 11M - f-1
OTJIHqaJlaCh MeHee pa3BlITbIMH 3JIepOllaMII. I1M-r-2 OTJInqaJlaCh 60-
JIee MOlltHbIM BoopYJKeHHeM (5 I1YJIeMeToB), 06eCne\fHBaBIIIIIMH IIO-
qTH ccpepnqeCKHH 06CTpeJI, 60M60Ba HarpY3Ka COKpaTIIJIaCb ]to
726
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU 80UHbl
180 Kf. (nocTpoeHo 8 CaMOJIeToB). «11M - f-3 - elUe 60JIee MOIUHO BO-
opY:>KeHHaH MOJlM<pHKaUHH - A06aBJIeH ny JIeMeT B HH:>KHeH JIIOKOBOH
YCTaHoBKe, BHeceHbI HeKOTopbIe H3MeHeHHH B 6eH30cHcTeMY. 60M60-
BM HarpY3Ka AO 190 Kf (nocTpoeHo 8 caMoJIeToB).I1M-f-4 C ellte 60-
JIee YBeJIHtJeHHbIM 3anaCOM npOtJHOCTH CHJIOBOrO Ha60pa (noCTpoeHo
OKOJIO 10 3K3eMnJIRpoB). «I1M cepHH J( (<<J(I1M.) 3HatJHTeJIbHO
MeHbllIHX pa3MepOB, tJeM Bce npO'lHe MOAH<pHKaUHH, C nOJIHOCTblO oc-
TeKJIeHHOH HOCOBOH 'IaCTblO H 4-MH ABHfaTeJIRMH CaH6HM. no 150
JI. c. B TaHAeMHbIX CHJIOBbIX YCTaHOBKax (nOCTpoeHo 3 MallIHHbI).
IIepBbIe I1M nocrynHJIH Ha BOCTotJHo-eBponeHcKHH <ppoHT oce-
HblO 1914 f. B AeKa6pe 6bIJIa C03AaHa aBK - nepBoe B MHpe 60eBoe
coeAHHeHHe TH:>KeJIbIX MHOfOMOTOpHbIX CaMOJIeTOB. IIo llITaTY B a BK
K KOHU;Y 1915 f. BXOAHJIO 10 60eBbIx H 2 YtJe6HbIx MallIHHbI. Bcefo Ha
BOCTO'lHOM <ppoHTe AeHCTBOBaJIO OKOJIO 50 11M, COBepllIHBllIHX 60JIee
300 60eBbIx BbIJIeTOB H C6POCHBllIHX OKOJIO 48 T 60M6.
MJIbJl MypoMen. KHeBcKHH - C 1913 f., nRTH-ceMHMeCTHbIH 6Hn-
JIaH C tJeTbIpbMH MOTopaMH «Apryc ; pa3MaX KpbIJIbeB - 32 M, nJIO-
at{b - 182 M KB., AJIHHa - 22 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 5100 Kf, MaKCH-
MaJIbHaR CKOpOCTb - 95 KM/'IaC, CKOpOnOA'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY
1000 M - 25 MHH., nOTOJIOK - 1500 M.
MJIbJl MypoMen. I) - C 1914 f., nHTH-ceMHMeCTHbIH 6HnJIaH C tJe-
TbIpbMH MOTopaMH Apryc ; pa3Max KpbIJIbeB - 30,95 M, nJIOlltaAb -
150 M KB., AJIUHa - 19 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 4600 Kf, MaKCHMaJlbHa}l
CKOpOCTb - 105 KM/'IaC, CKOpOnOA'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 2000 M - 30
MHH., nOTOJIOK - 3000 M; BoopY:>KeHHe - 6 nYJIeMeTOB.
MJIbJl MYPoMeo. B - C 1915 f., 6HnJIaH C tJeTbIpbMH MOTopaMu
«Apryc ; pa3Max KpbIJIbeB - 29,8 M, nJIOI..Qa.ztb - 125 M KB., AJIHHa -
17,1 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 4456 Kr, MaKCHMaJIbHaH CKOpOCTb - 125 KM/
tJac, CKOpOnOA'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 2000 M - 25 MHH., nOTOJIOK -
3700 M; BoopY:>KeHHe - 6 nYJIeMeTOB, 400 Kf 60M6.
MJIbJl MYPoMen. f-t - C 1915 f., 6HnJIaH C 'IeTbIpbMH MOTOpaMJf
CaH6HM ; pa3Max KpbIJIbeB - 30,87 M, nJIOI..Qa.zth - 148 M KB., AJIH-
Ha - 17,1 M, B3JIeTHblM Bec - 6100 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHCUI CKOpOCTb - 110
KM/tJac, cKOpOnOA1>eMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 2000 M - 18 MHH., nOTOJIOK -
4000 M; BoopY)KeHHe - 6 nYJIeMeTOB, 500 Kf 60M6.
UJIbJl MYPoMeo. ,l);-t - C 1916 r., 6HnJIaH C tJeTbIpbMH MOTOpaMI1
CaH6HM ; pa3MaX KpbIJIbeB - 24,9 M, nJIOmaAb - 132 M KB., AJIH-
Ha - 15,5 M, B3JIeTHbIM Bec - 4400 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHCUI CKOpOCTb - 120
KM/y:ac, nOTOJIOK - 3200 M; BoopY)KeHHe - 3 ny JIeMeTa.
UJIbJl MypoMen. E-t - C 1917 f., 6UnJIaH C tJeTblpbMR MOTopaMu
«PeHo ; pa3Max KpbIJIbeB - 34,S M, nJIOl..QaAb - 220 M KB., AJIHHa -
CaMOJlembl llep8oi1 MUP080U 80UHbl 727
18,8 M, B3JIeTHblH Dec -7460 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHajl CKOpOCTb - 130 KM/
qac, cKoponoJ{'beMHOCTb Ha DbICOTY 3000 M - 63 MI1Il., nOTOJIOK -
4000 M; DoopY)I(eHHe - 6 nYJIeMCTOD, 500 Kf 60M6.
TaK*e npHHHMaJIH yqaCTHe B 60eBbIx J(eHcTBHRX
P6B3 C-18 - C 1916 r., ,l{DyxMecTHbIH qeTbIpeXCTOeqIlbIH 6HII-
JIaH C ,l{DYMjI MOTopaMH .CaH6HM»; pa3Max KpbIJIbeD - 16,5 M, nJIO-
maJ{b - 58 M KD., ,l{JIHHa - 9,75 M, D3JIeTHbIH Dec - 2100 Kf, MaKCH-
MaJIbHajl CKOpOCTb - 135 KM/qaC, CKoponOJJ,'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY
2000 M - 18 MHH., nOTOJIOK - 4000 M; DoopY)I(eHHe - 2 nYJIeMeTa.
CHKOpCKHJt C-16 - C 1915 f., ,l{DYXMeCTHbIH 6HnJIaH, C O,l{HHM
MOTOpOM .fHOM»; pa3Max KpblJIbeD - 8 M, nJIo:r.naJ{b - 25,4 M KD., ,l{JIH-
Ha - 5,9 M, D3JIeTHbIH Dec - 676 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHaR CKOpOCTb - 120
KM/qaC, cKOpOnO,l{'beMHOCTb Ha DbICOTY 1000 M - 8 MHH., I10TOJIOK -
3500 M; BoopY)I(eHHe - 1 TypeJIbHbIH ny JIeMeT.
CHKOpCKHH C-20 - C 1916 f., O,l{HOMeCTHblt'1 6HnJIaH, C O,ltHHM
MOTOpOM .POH»; pa3Max KpbIJIbeD - 8,2 M, nJIOma,llb - 17 M KD., ,l{JIH-
Ha - 6,5 M, B3JIeTHblH Dec - 570 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHa CKOpOCTb - 190
KM/qaC, nOTOJIOK - 5900 M; BoopY:>KeHHe - 1 CHHXpOHHbIli IIYJIeMeT.
fH,lJ;pOCaMOJIeTbI
fpHropoBH'I M-5 - C 1914 f., ,l{BYXMCCTHbIlf 6HITJIan C O.lUIHM MO-
TOpOM -«fHOM»; pa3MaX KpblJIbeB - 13,62 M, nJIOIU b - 38 M KB., j{JIH-
na - 8,6 M, D3JIeTHbIH Bec - 960 Kf, MaKCHMaJIbHaH CKOpOCTb - 105
KM/qaC, CKOpOnO,l{'beMHOCTb Ha BblCOTY 1000 M - 9,6 MI'III., nOTOJIOK -
3300 M; BOOPY)I(eIlHe - HHOfJJ,a 1 ny JIeMeT.
fpHropoBH'I M-15 - C 1916 f., JJ,DYXMCCTHbIH 611nJIaH C OJJ.HIIM
MOTOpOM «HcnaHO CIOU3a»; pa3MaX KpbIJIbeD - 11,9 M, TIJIOIllaJJ,b -
34,5 M KD., ,l{JIHHa - 8,3 M, D3JIeTHbIM Dec - 1320 Kf, MaKClfMaJIbUaH
CKOpOCTb - 125 KM/qaC, cKoponoJJ,'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 1000 M - 8,5
MIlII., nOTOJIOK - 3500 M; DoopY:>KeHHe - 1 ny JIeMeT.
UTAJIUH
KanpOHH
UeJIbHO,l{epeD HHbIH 6nnJIaH C nOJIOTHjlHOll 06111HBKOH II TpeXKH-
JICBbIM (.TpexPYJICDbIM») onepeHHeM. dKHna)K - 4 qeJIODeKa (2 1111-
JIOTa, HOCODOM H KOpMOBOM CTpeJIKH).
B 1913 r. HTaJIb HCKHH 3DuaKOllCTpYKTOP t{)I(aHHlI KarrpoHH nep-
728
A8Ua UJl BeJlUKOU BOUlfbl
BbIM B 3arrMHOH EBpOrre, cJIeJVI 3a C006meHIHIMIf 0 rrOJIeTaX PYCCKO-
ro mraHTa, B3HJICH 3a KOHCTpYlfpOBaHlfe TH)KeJIOrO MHOrOMOTOpHOrO
aapOI1JIaHa. OH C03.l1aJI rrplfHl!lfI1HaJIbHO HOBYIO CXeMY .l1Byx6aJI01JHO-
ro TpeXMOTOpHOrO a3pOrrJIaHa C KOpOTKIfM <p103eJIH)KeM-rOH.l10JIOH.
,l1BHraTeJIb «J130TTa-<1>pacKIfHH C TOJIKalOIIJ.IfM BHHTOM pa3MeIUaJI-
CH B XBOCTOBOH qaCTH, a I1epe.l1 6HIIJIaHHOM Kop06KOH 6bIJIH YCTaHOB-
JIeHbI .l1Ba «rHOMa» C THHYIUIfMH BIfHTaMH.
BecHoM 1914 r. rrOHBIfJIaCb rrepBaH MO.l1H<pIfKaIUfH «Ca.30». CJIO)K-
IIa.H peMeHHaH rrepe.l1a1Ja Ha .l1BHraTeJIIi C THHymHMIf BHHTaMH BbI3bI-
BaJIa MHoro np06JIeM, If KOHCTPYKTOP nepeHec «rHOMbI» B HOCOBbIe
1..J:aCTH 6aJIOK, OTKa3aBIlllfCb OT TpaHcMlfcclfH, a TalOKe 3aMeHlfJI «rHO-
MOM Ii «1130TTy-C1>pacKIfH.H . 3Ta MO.l1.H<pIfKalt.HH, Ha3BaHHaH
«Ca.31», OKa3aJlaCh HaCTOJIbKO Y.lI.a1JHOll, 1JTO elO cpa3Y)Ke 3aHHTepe-
COBaJIlICh BoeHHhIe. fIplfHHTa.H Ha BoopY)KeHlfe H 3anymeHHaH B ce-
p.HHHOe npO.H3BO,lJ.CTBO MaIllIfHa rroJIY1JIfJIa MapKY «Ca.1 .
,l1aJIbHeMIlI.HM pa3BIfTHeM MO.ll.eJIH CTaJI «Ca.32» (Ca.2) C TpeM.SI
«cDlIaTaMH A.10 )K.H.l1KOCTHOro OXJIa)K.l1eHIfH. 3Ta MaIlIHua'TaKjf(e
BhII1ycKaJIaCb Cep.HHHO If COCTOHJIa Ha BoopY)f(eHIfH HeCKOJIbKHX 60M-
6ap.l1.HpOBO\.fHbIX 3CKa.l1pHJIHM. HOBaH MO.l1If<puKal(.HH C MOTOpaM.H
«vI30TTa-cDpacKIfHH» rro 150 JI. c. HaJbIBaJIaCb «Ca.3 . 3Ta cepUH CTaJIa
HaH60JIec MaccoBoH BepcHeM 60M6ap.l1UpOBIUlfKOB «KanpoHH Bpe-
MeH fIepnoii MlfpOBOH BOHHbI. Bcero B I1TaJIHH 6bIJIO rrOCTpoeHO 269
a3pOnJIaHOB TaKoro THna. I1MH 6hIJIH BoopY:>KeHbI 15 IfTaJIbHHCKHX H
2 <ppaHl(Y3cKue 60M6ap.l1HpOB01JHbIe 3CKa.l1pIfJIb.H.
Cl>paHl(HH KYIIHJIa JIIfI eH31f1O Ha rrpOlf3B0.l1CTBO MaIllUHbI, If <plfp-
MOM 3no- fIeJIbTpH 6bIJIO rrOCTpoeHO 60 a3pOrrJIaHOB «Ca.3», KOTopbIe
0603Ha1JaJI1fCb 6YKnaMu CEP (Caproni-Esnault-Pelterie).
ArrrrapaT OCHamaJICH TOprre,l.(HOll nO.l1BeCKOM, nOJIY1..J:aJI pa3JIHq}{ble
MeJIKlfe YCOBepIIleHCTBOBalI.HH, KacaBllIlfeCH <pOpMbl rOH.l10JIbI, KOHCT-
PYKltHIf IllaCCIf. «Ca.36» 6hIJI 060Py.n:OB3U CKJIMbIBaIOmIIMnc KPbl-
JIbHMH, a «Ca.37 KpbIJIbHMH YMeHbIlleHHoro pa3Mepa. O.l1l1aKO Bce
OHII .HMeJII1 0611{ee BoeHHoe 0603HaqeHHe «Ca.3 , 3a HCKJII01JeHHeM ca-
HHTapHoro BaplfaHTa C 3aKphIToii Ka6HHoM «Ca.3M .
B l(eJIHX 6e30rracHocTu n01..J:TH BCer.l1a JIeTaJIlf Ha 60eBoe 3all-aHlfe
HO'-IblO. BnepBbIe «Ca.2 If «Ca.3 60M6lfJIIf aBcTpHMcKlfe BOHCKa B
KapHHTIIH 20 aBrycTa 1915 r. B .l1aJIbHeHIIleM 3TIf IfTaJIbHIICKUe Tpex-
MOTopblHe CaMOJIeTbI peryJIHpHO COBepIllaJIIf HaJIeThI Ha BoeHHbIe H
)KeJIe3Ho.n:op0)f(HbIe 06'beKTbl ABCTpIfH, Ha ropo.n:a JIall6ax (JII06JIR-
Ha), TpuecT. J.!JIH 3TOrO.HM npUXO.l1HJIOCb npeoJ{OJIeBaTb BbIcoKorop-
HhIe AnbrrbI If BCTYI1aTb B B03.l1YIllHbIe 60H C HCTpe6HTeJUlMH. HecKoJlb-
KO CaMOJIeTOB He BepHY JIHCb C 3a.l1aHHH. 18 <peBpaJIH 1916 r. Ha po.n:-
CaMOJlembl IIep80u MUP080U 80U1lbl 729
HOM aapo,apOM BepHYJICR KanpoHH>'>, Be,aOMbIH TSDKeJIO paHeHblM TIH-
JIOTOM; Bce OCTaJIbHbIe t.IJIeHbI 3KHn(})J(a 6bIJIH MepTBbI.
B KOHl{e 1916 r. KanpoHH YCTaHOBHJI Ha CBOlO MallIHHY 200-CHJIb-
HbIe MOTOpbI «<1>HaT>.>, H, t.IT06bI KOMneHCHpOBaTb B03pOCllIJIH B3JIeT-
HhIH Bec, ,ao6aBHJI TpeTbe KpbIJIO. 3TOT rHraHTCKHH TpHnJI£1H C£1.40>.>
C BOCbMHKOJIeCHOH TeJIe)KKOH llI£1CCH BbInYCKaJICH cepHHHo 11 Y4£1CTBO-
BM B 60eBoH pa6oTe. EOM6bI B HeM no,aBellIHBaJIMCb BepTHKaJlbHO,
3Kl1na)K COCTaBJISlJI 5 t.IeJIOBeK (2 nHJIOT£1 11 3 CTpeJIK£1).
B uat.IaJIe 1917 r. nOHBHJIaCb MO,l{H<pI-IKaIUISI C£1.41 >.> C 60JIee Y3KoiI
o6TeKaeMoH rOH,aOJIOH 11 TaH,aeMHbIM paCnOJIO)J(eIUleM nlIJIOTOB, 3aTeM
Ca.42>.>, Ha KOTopbIe 6bIJIJ1 YCT£1HOBJICHbI caMhle MOIl(Hble no TeM upe-
MenaM MOTOpbI «JIH6epTH>'> B 400 JI. c. no BeJIH HHe 60CBOH HarpY3I<11
aTOT aapOnJI£1H B £1BlIainUI COJ031111KOB lIe HMeJI ce6e paBHbIX, HO llX 6bJJIO
ueMHoro; B 1917 r. IIOCTpOeHO BcefO 3 3K3eMnJISlpa, a B 1918 r. - 20.
EOJIhIlIllii rpY30no,n'beMHOCTh JTOM M oLlHqnIKaI!IIJI, HOCI1BlllCII BOCH-
HOC HalIMeHOBaHl1e «Ca.4>.> IIpHBJICKJI£1 BHHMaUl1e 6pHTallCKoro MOpCKO-
fO KOMaJlJJ,OBaHHH, 3aK)'IIHBlllero 6 TaKHX M£1IllI1H. OCTaJIhHble COCTO.HJlI1
Ha BoopY)KeHHI1 ,aBYX HTaJIbSlHCKI1X 6oM6ap,al1pOnOt.IHbIX 3CKa.ltpHJIHii.
KpoMe 3Toro BbInYCKaJIHCh Ca.43>.> Topne,aOIIOCel.{, «Ca.51 >.> C
6HnJIaHHbIM onepeHHeM, «Ca.48>.>, «Ca.52 , «Ca.58» H «Ca.59» -
TpanCIlopTHble (6e3 BooPY)KeHH}[). B 1917 r. na BOOpY)KCHHe 6bIJIa
npHH.HT£1 cepHH MO,aI1<pHKal.{I1H «C£1.5 , KOTopble K OKOHlJaHHIO HotiHbI
HbITeCHHJII1 npaKTI1'IeCKH Bce npe,abI,aymne MO.l(H<pI1KaL(I1H «Kanpo-
HI1 . B I1TaJIl1H I1X 6bIJIO BbIIIYIueHO 255 aK3eMnJI.HpOB, KpOMe 3TOfO
«Ca.5>.> BbIIIYCKaJICH 110 JIHl{eH3HH BO <I>p£1HUI1I1I1 B CillA.
)J;Bl1raTeJIu: «[HOM» 3 no 80 JI. C., «1130TTa-<I>p£1cKHHH>'> 3 no 150 JI. C.,
«<DllaT 3 no 200 JI. C. (<<Ca.5>.> - 3 IIO 300 JI. c.), «JIH6epTI1>') 3 no 400
JI. c. BOOPY)KCHI1C: 2 KOJIbl{eBbIX TypCJII1 B HOCOBOJ i H XBOCTOBOJ1 qaCTH C
OJ].HHM I1JII1.l(BYMH nYJIeMeT£1MI1 PeBeJUII1»,.l(O 450 Kr 60M6 (c .l{BnraTe-
JUIMI1 «<1>uaT>.> .l(0 1200 Kf, C .l(BHraTeJUlMU «JII16epTI1 .l(0 1950 Kf).
TTl! «Ca.3>.> (<<Ca.4>.>; «Ca.5>.»: pa3Max KpbIJIa - 22,2 M (29,9; 23),
nJIOI1\a.l(b - 98 M KB. (200; 150), j\JIHHa - 10,9 M (15,1; 12,4), B3JIeT-
lIbI!'! Bec - 3312 Kr (7460; 5312), MaKCI1M£1JIbHaSi CKOpOCTh - 135 KM/
t.I£1C (140; 152), CKOpOIIO.l('beMHOCTb na BbICOTY 4000 M - 40 MUll. (u£1
BbICOTY 3000 M - 26 MHH.), nOTOJIOK - 4100 M (3900; 4500), .l(£1Jlb-
JIOCTb - 450 KM (4-5 t.IaCoB), BoopY)KeHl1e - 4 (5; 3) nYJleMeTa, 500
(1950; 533) Kf 60M6.
TaK*e B 60eBLlx .n;eUCTBHJlX npHHHMaJlH Y'IaCTHe
SP-2 - C 1916 f., 611IIJIaH C O.l(HI1M MOTOpOM «1130Tfa-<1>paCKI-I-
HH»; pa3Max KpbIJIheB - 16,74 M, IIJIOIl(3.l(b - 54,75 M KB., .l(JIl1na -
730
A8ualiWl BeJlUKOU 80Ullbl
10,77 M, B3JIeTllbIH Bec - 1700 Kf, MaKCMMaJIbHCUI CKOpOCTb - 120 KM/
qac, CKOpoIIo,a'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 1000 M - 6 MMH., IIOTOJIOK -
5000 M; BoopY)I(eHMe - 2 IIYJIeMeTa, 60 Kf 60M6.
SIA-7B - C 1917 f., 6MIIJIaH C O,aHMM MOTOpOM <I>MaT A12; pa3-
MaX KpbIJIbeB - 13,32 M, IIJIOma,ab - 40 M KB., ,aJIMHa - 9,06 M, B3JIeT-
HbIH Bec - 1100 Kf, MaKCMMaJIbHCUI CKOpOCTb - 200 KM/qaC, CKOpO-
IIo,a'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOT)' 5000 M - 24 MMH., IIOTOJIOK - 7000 M; BO-
0pY)I(eHMe - 2 IIY JIeMeTa, 60 Kf 60M6.
SAML S-t - C 1917 f., 6MIIJIaH C O,aHMM MOTOpOM <I>MaT» A12;
pa3MaX KpbIJIbeB - 13,80 M, IIJIOm3,l{b - 45 M KB., ,aJIMHa - 8,5 M, B3JIeT-
HbIH Bec - 1420 Kf, MaKCMMaJIbHCUI CKOpOCTb - 151 KM/qaC, CKOpO-
IIo,a'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 1000 M - 5 MMH.; BoopY)KeHMe - 2 IIYJIeMe-
Ta, 90 Kf 60M6.
SVA-5 - C 1917 f., 6MIIJIaH C O,ZtHMM MOTOpOM SPA>.) 6A; pa3Max
KpbIJIbeB - 9,1 M, IIJIOIU3,l{b - 30 M KB., ,aJIMHa - 8,1 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec -
1050 Kf, MaKCMMaJIbHCUI CKOpOCTb - 220 KM/qaC, CKOpOIIo,a'beMHOCTL
Ha BbICOT)' 1000 M - 10 MMH., IIOTOJIOK - 6000 M; BoopY)KeHHe - 1 IIY-
JIeMeT, 90 Kf 60M6.
CIlIA
fHtJ:pocaMOJleTLI
KepTHc 8.4 4JIHTJI AMepMKa. - C 1916 f., TpeXMeCTHbIH 6un-
JIaH C ,anYMH MOTopaMM CaH6MM>'); pa3MaX KpbIJIbeB - 28,3 M, nJIO-
I.U;aL{b - 104 M KB., JJ:JIHHa - 12,1 M, B3JIeTHbIH Bec - 3630 Kf, MaKCII-
MaJIbHaH CKOpOCTb - 135 KM/qaC; Boopy»<eHJ1e - 2 ny JIeMeTa, 190 Kf
60M6.
KepTHc 8.12 4JIap,lJ;iK AMepMKa. - C 1917 f., qeTbIpeXMeCTHbIH
6HfIJIaH C ,aBYMH MOTopaMH l1fJI»- III; pa3Max KpbIJIbeB - 29,5 M,
nJIOIUa,ab - 111 M KB., ,aJIMHa - 14 M, B3JIeTHblH Bec - 4600 Kf, MaK-
ClfMaJIbHCUI CKOpOCTb - 152 KM/qaC, CKOpOIIo,a'beMHOCTb na BbICOTY
1800 M - 14,5 MHH., nOTOJIOK - 3640 M; BoopY)l(eHHe - 3 nYJIeMeT,
200 Kf 60M6.
KepTHc NC - C 1918 f., meCTHMeCTHbIil6uIIJIaH C 4eTblpbMH MO-
TopaMH «JIH6epTM»-; pa3Max KpbIJIbeB - 38,5 M, IIJIOIUa,ab - 222,5 M
KB., B3JIeTHbIH Bee - 12700 Kf, MaKCMMaJIbHCUI CKOpOCTb - 155 KM/
\lac, CKOpOIIo,a'beMHOCTb Ha BbICOTY 1000 M - 10 MMH., IIOTOJIOK -
1500 M; BoopYiKeHue - 3 IIY JIeMeT, 600 Kf 60M6.
OrJIaBJIeHHe
IIOqeMY JIIO,l(H He JIeTaIOT KaK nTMIJ;bI ............................. 5
II pOJI 0 r ... . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1914 ro,l(. ECJIM 6bI BOMCKO 3IiaJIO, BOMCKO no611JIo
6 bI B 0 M C KO .................................................................... 36
1915 ro,l(. OT,l(eJIeHl1e rOJIy6MHoM nOYTbI ............ 176
1916 rOlJ;. JIeTYH oTnymeH Ha CB060,l(y ................ 292
1917 ro,l(. OC06bIM BHlJ; OXOTbI I-Ia JIIO,l(eM ............. 429
1918 ro,l(. MMp, KOTOpbIM HMKTO 113 Hac
He npl1HMMaeT .......................................................... 538
OCHOBHbIe HTorM BeJIHKOH BOMHbI ............................ 638
M M eHH OM YKa3a TeJI b ...................................................... 652
ACbI IIepBoH MMpOBOM BOHHbI .................................... 679
CaMOJIeTbI IIepBoM MHpOBOM BOMHbI ........................ 681
H3 aTeJIbCTBO ACT
npe CTaBJUleT cepMIO
«3HQJilKJIOne)J:JiISI BoeHHOH TeXHJilKJiI»
B cepMM BbIIIIJIM CJIegYIO Me KHMrt1:
APfWlTIEP1I17I XX BEKA
T AHK1I1 111 CAMOXO)J:HbIE YCT AHOBK1I1
\
nO)J:BO)J:HbIE JIO)J:KJ1
PEAKT1I1BHbIE CAMOJIETbI
EV1IDIAHbI, TP1I1IDIAHbI, fV1)J:POCAMOJIETbI
CAMOJIETbI BTOPOM M1I1POBOM
3CMJ1HQbI V1 3CKOPTHbIE KOP AEJIVI
no BorrpocaM OnTOBOH rroKynKJf KHJfr
«M3JJ:aTeJIbCKOH rpyrrrrbI ACT» 06paw;aTbcB no pecy:
38e30Hblu 6YAb8ap, OOM 21, 7-U3maJK
TeA. 215-43-38, 215-01-01, 215-55-13
KHJfrJf «1i13JJ:aTeJIbCKOH rpyrrnbI ACT»
MO)KHO 3aKa3aTb no a)];pecy:
107140, MOCK8a, aiR 140, ACT-«KHll2u no notlme»
M3AaTenbCKali rpynna ACT
V13AOTe1lbCKO rpynno ACT, BK1ltOYOtOw.o B ce6
OK01l0 50 M3AGTenltCTB peAoKu. OHHO- 3AOTe1lbCK X
o6beA HeH H, npeAflOrOeT BoweMY BH MOHJ;1tO 60nee 20 000
HG3BGHMM KHMr COMblX p03HbiX B AOB )f(OHpOB.
Mbl BblnYCKoeM KJ10CC YeCK e npO 3BeAeH
J;1 KH r COBpeMeHHblX OBTOpOB.
B HOW X KOT01l0rOX - HTe1lJ1eKl)'01lbHO np030,
AeTeKT Bbl, cpOHTocr Ka, 1lt06oBHble pOMOHbl,
KH r A1l AeTeH VI nOApOCTKOB, yYe6H K , CnpOBOYH K ,
3Hu. K1l0neA , 0J1b6oMbl no CKYCcrBY,
HOYYHO-n03HOBOTeJ1bHble np KJ10AHble 3AOH fI,
a TOK)f(e W pOK H Bbl60p KOHU.TOBOpOB.
B '1HClie HaWHX aBTopOB MMpOBIa.e 3HaMeHHTOCTH:
C AH WeJ1AOH, CT BeH K Hr, AOH 31l0 CT 1l, A>t<YA T MOKHOT, DepT-
p c CMoJl1l, A>t<OOHHO n HAceH, COHAPO DPOYH, C03AOTe1l pOCC HCK X
6ecrce1lJ1epOB DOp C AKYH H, 6pOTbfl BOHHepbl, AHApeH BOpOH H, no-
Jl HO AOWKOBO, CepreH nYKb HeHKo, 6pOTb C Tpyrou.K e, <t>P AP X
He3HoHcK H, B KTop CYBOPOB, B KTop T OKopeBO, 3AYOPA T On01lb,
BJlOA M p W TOB, MOp HO K)AeH Y, B KTop fI n1l0TOBO, Y Hr 3 A6-
AYJl1l0eB; B AHble yyeHble AeflTeJ1 OKOAeM K M p30KOp M Hop6e-
KOB, nC X01lor AneKcoHAP CB W, OBTOpbl KH r 3 cep «OTKpoBe-
H fI OHreJ10B-XpOH Te1leH» nt060Bb nOHOBO PeHoT r Op cp3 HOB,
o TOK>Ke 1lt06 Mble AeTCK e n COTe1l COMY 1l MOPWOK, CepreH M -
XOJ1KOB, r p rop H Ocrep, B1l0A M p CyreeB, KopHeH YYKOBCK .
M3AGTeniaCKaA rpynna ACT
129085, MOCKBO, 3Be3AHblH 6ynbBop, A. 21, 7 -H 3TO)l(
CnpoBKH no Tene<poHY:
(095) 215-01-01, <pOKC 215-51-1 0
E-mail: astpub@aha.ru h"p:/ /www.ast.ru
KHMrM M3AGTenltCKOM rpynnlll ACT Bill CMO)l(eTe 3aKG3GTit
M non)"lMTIa no nO'ITe B nlO60M yronKe POCCMM. nMWMTe:
107140, MOCKBa, ajfl 140
BblCblnAETCSI &ECnnATHbiM KATAnor
KHHrM M3AGTellltCKOii rpynn.. ACT
... CMOJKeTe SGKGSarlt
It nOll)ftlMTIt no nOIiTe
. IlI060M yroliKe POCCMM. nMWltTe:
107140, MOCKBa, ajfl 140
BblCblnAETCSI &ECnnATHbiM KATAnor
Bbi TalOK8 CMO)l(8T8 npH06p8CTH KHHrH rpynnbl ACT
no HH3KHM H3AaTenbCKHM u,8HaM
B HaWHX ct»ltpMeHHIalX MaraSMHax:
PentOH"
- r. ApxoHreflbCK, 103-.:1 KBOpTOfl, Yfl. CaAOBO , A. 18, Tefl. (8182) 65-44-26
- r. 5eflropoA, np. 5. XMenbHJI1 KOrO, A. 1320, Ten. (0722) 31-48-39
- r. KOflJl1HJI1Hrp<JA, nfl. KOflJl1HJI1HO, A. 17- 21, Ten. (0112) 44-10-95
- r. KpaCHOAOp, Yfl. KpaCHO , A. 29, Tefl. (86 12) 62-55-48
- r. KYPCK, yn. neHJI1HO, A. 11, Ten. (0712) 22-39-70
- r. H. HOBropoA, nn. r opbKoro, A. 1/16, Tefl. (8312) 33-79-80
- r. HOBOPOCCJI1.:1CK, CKBep MeHJI1 Yo.:1KoBcKoro, Ten. (8612) 68-81-27
- r. OpeH6ypr, yn. TYPKecroHCKo , A. 23, Tell. (3532) 41-18-05
- r. PocrOB-HO-,QOHy, np. KOCMOHOBTOB, A. 15, Tefl. (88632) 35-99-00
- r. Pbl6J11HCK, yn. nOMOHOCOBO, A. 1 / BOfl)f(CKO H06., A. 107, Ten. (0855) 52-47-26
- r. P 30Hb, Yfl. nOYTOBO , A. 62, Tefl. (0912) 20-55-81
- r. COMOpa, np. K poBO, A. 301, Tefl. (8462) 56-49-92
_ r. CMofleHcK, Yfl. r OrOpJl1HO, A. 4, Ten. (0812) 65-53-58
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