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ISBN 985-454-249-1
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Yl{K 94 (430)
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ISBN 985-454-249- 1

© 000 «EeJICMT11C», 2005

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11
a6eoJIIOTHOro roey.n.aperna, HaeJIJiherneHHOH pyKoiI JieTOpr.lla repMaHeKJIH 3.71eMeHT JI3 peBOJIIOU:JIJI. KoHBeHT roerro.n.ernOBaJI TaK:>Ke poMaHeKJI-.n.eerronrqtto,
KaK JI JI10.n.0BJIK XIV, JI 3TOT .n.eerroTJI3M, eMoTpeBmJiiI Ha miqttoeTh TOJibKO
e TOqKlf speHJI.H ee rrpwro.n.ttoeTJI JIJIM HeIIpJifO.ZJ:HOeTll .ZJ:.71.H roey.n.apeTBa, BIIOeJie.n;eTBJIJI JIOruqeeKllM rryTeM pa3BJI.7Ie.H B JI.n;eIO KOMMYHll3Ma, eTO.llb rrpOTJIBHOfO no eBoeiI eym;HOeTJI repMaHeKOH HaType.
Me:>K.n.y TeM, B fepMaHJIH eHoBa Bospo.n.uJiaeb KYJihTyptta.H .n.e.HTeJihHOeTb,
ttaqaTa.H B XVI eToJienrn M rpy6o rrpepBaHHa.H TpJI.n.u;aTJIJieTtteii BOiiHoii. Pe¢opMaU:MOHHhie CTpeMJiemrn, HarrpaBJieHHbie BO BpeMeHa JlIOTepa Ha eBo6o.n.y peJIJirHM, o6paTJIJIMeb Terrepb Ha oeBo6o:>K.n.eHue HayKJI u ueKyeerna. Tor.n.a HY:>KHO 6bl.7IO oeBo6o.n;JITb HayqHoe Mbllli.lleHJie OT u:epKOBHOfO .n.orMaTa, Terrepb - oeBo6o.n.JITb xy.n.o:>KeernettHoe rnopqeerno OT poMaHeKo-¢pattu;y3eKoii
TeOpMM JieKyeeTBa. 3To oeBo6o:>K.n.ettMe, KOTOpoe .ZJ:OJI:>KHO 6bl.7IO eoo6pa3HO
eBoiieTBaM HeMeu;Koro xapaKTepa rrpe.n.meeTBOBaTb ITOJIJITJiqeeKoii eBo6o.n.e,
eBepmJIJIOeb rrpu ITOMO:W:JI KOp.IIcpeeB HeMeu;Koii cpJIJIOeocpJIH JI JIJITepaTypbI.
fyMaHJI3M, JI,[(e.H qJieTOH qeJioBeqttoeTII, JI,[(e.H 6y.n.ym;ero 6Jiara 6bl.7IJI Haii.n.ettbl.
Ho B TO BpeM.H, KaK fepMaHII.H saBepmaJia eBOIO yMeTBeHHYIO peBOJIIOU:HIO,
IT0.71.IITJiqeeKa.H peBO.lllOU:JI.H IIaJia :>Keprnoii eBoeii HeII36e:>KHOH ey.ZJ:b6bI. l{eMoKpaTJiqeeKo-napJiaMeHTeKa.H .ZJ:JIKTaTypa rrepemJia B BOettHo-u;e3apeKyIO. Bee
ypaBHIIBaIOm;a.H II u:ettTpaJIJI3Jipy10m;a.H II.ZJ:e.H poMaHJI3Ma HamJia ee6e em;e o.n.Horo BeJIIIKoro rrpe.n.eTaBHTe.71.H B JIMU:e HanoJieoHa. HarroJieott JIHeTJIHKTMBHO
yra.n.aJI B repMaHeKOH AHrJIIrn 3.lleiimero Bpara eBoero .n.eJia JI rroeTO.HHHO eTapa.lle.H rro6opoTb ero. OH rraJI, M 3TOMY rra.n.ettMIO 6oJiee Beero erroeo6eTBOBaJIII Kopa6JIM II .n.eHbrM AttrJIJIJI, Boopy:>KJIBill.IIe rrpOTIIB Hero Beeb EBporreiieKMH
KOHTMHeHT. Ho e rra.n.ettJieM HanoJieoHa He weqe3.710 BJIM.HHMe <DpaHU:MJI. PoMaHM3M ero nepeme.71 K ero rrpoTMBHMKaM: CB.Hm;eHHbIM eOI03 6bl.7I BIIOJIHe poMaHeKJIM yqpe:>K.n.em1eM. HaqaJie.H rrepwo.n., xapaKTepHo, OTKpbIBillJieb rrarreKMM 6peBe, TOp:>KeeTBeHHO BoeeTaHaBJIMBaIOm;MM op.n.ett MesyMTOB, .n.e.HTeJibHOeTb KOToporo, BrrpoqeM, HMKor.n.a II He rrpeKpam;aJiaeb, - rrepwo.n.
a6coJIIOTHGrO poMaHTII3Ma, eeTeeTBeHHO nopO.ZJ:MBillJIH B repMaHCKMX poMaHTIIKax Ha.n;e:>K.n;y Ha BOCTaHOBJieHIIe B fepMaHMM CTaporo epe.n.HeBeKOBOfO, pHMCKO-KaTOJIMqecKoro, BpeMeHM.
Ho noJIIITMKM-poMaHTMKM He saMeTMJIJI, qTo e XVII CTOJieTJI.H p.H.ZJ:OM co
CBeTCKJIM lI .n.yxoBHbIM rrpamITe.llbCTBOM B03pOCJia TpeThSl BJiaeTb - BJiaCTb
;~eHer, BOBCC He :>KeJiaBllla.H B03BpaTa B epe.n.HJIC BeKa. B TO BpeM.H, Kor.n.a rocy.n.apcrna :>KMJIM 3aiiMaMM, IlJIYTOKpaTM.H .ZJ:O.ll:>KHa 6bl.7Ia c.n.eJiaTb He06bIKHOBeHllbie yerrexw. Otta Tpe6oBaJia He TOJibKO orrpe.n.eJieHttoii, HO .n.a:>Ke rJiaBHoii,
11.lllI, ITO Kpa:i1:Heii Mepe paBHOH, BJiaeTM B rrpaBMTCJibeTBe lI eyMeJia .n.o6MTbe.H
;-noro BO <DpattU:MM rroepe.n.crnoM 3aHMCTBOBaHHblX y AttrJIIIJI KOHeTMTYU:IIOHHbIX
¢opM. I1IOJibeKa.H peBOJIIOU:M.H 1830 r. .n.aJia eii rro6e.n.y' KOTopyIO cpaKTHqeeKM

12
.ll:OJDKHbl 6bIJIH rrpH3HaTb If .n:pyrHe CTpaHhl. Ilo.n: ycJIOBHeM IIOJiyqeHHH JlbBHHOH .ll:OJIH B o6meiI .n:o6h1qe OHa 3aKJnoqHJia KOMIIpOMHCC c TpOHOM, aJITapeM
If KaHii;eJIHpHeii, c tJ:HHaCTHHMH, .n:yxoBeHCTBOM If 610po1<paTHeH KOMrrpoMHCC, .ll:OCTaToqHO CHJlbHblH .ll:JIH rro.n:aBJieHHH HJIH, no KpaiIHeii Mepe, .n:o HH3Be.n:eHHH .n:o MHHHMyMa He TOJibKO COIJ;lfaJIHCTlfqecKHX TeOpHH, HO If caMbIX
crrpaBe.ll:JIHBbIX Tpe6oBaHHH Hapo.n:a. ,lleHhflf - .n:eiICTBHTeJibHO, BeJilfqaiinrniI
caMo.n:ep)l(eu; ttarnero BpeMeHH. PeBOJIIOIJ;HOHHhie .ll:BH)l(eHHH 1848 r., B KaKoiI6b1 cpopMe OHH Hlf rrpOHB.IDIJIHCb, 6bIJIH TOJibKO O~aHHHOH IIOIIblTKOH CJIOMHTb
c1rny 3TOro THpaHa, 3TO HOBeiirnee BOIIJIOmeHHe poMaHH3Ma. Ho B cymHOCTH
CHJia .n:etter TOJihKO Ka)l(eTcH rnep.n:oii. Otta .n:ocTaBJIHeT HMrryJihC MaTepHaJihHOMy pa3BHTHIO, a 6bIJIO 6hI HeJierro .n:yMaTb, qTo MaTepHaJibHOe pa3BHTHe HCKJIIOqaeT tt.n:eaJihHOe. A6coJIIOTHaH CHJia .n:etter, KaK H a6coJIIOTHoe rocy.n:apcrno, BhIHy)l(.n:etto 6y.n:eT crroco6crnoBaTh HCTOpHqecKoMy rrporpeccy o6mecTBa. Otta .n:ocTaBHT HOBoe rro.n:rnep)l(.n:eHHe rJiy6oKOMhICJieHHoMy H3peqeHHIO
BeJIHKoro rro3Ta: For nought so vile that on the earthdoth live but to earth
some special good doth give.

13

I'Jlaea

II
HEMEIJ;KOE OEIIJ;ECTBO XVIII BEKA
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KaK

XVIII

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r.

JioccoB. ~Kaea M rry,ll;pa~

14
HaCJia%.ZJ:emuo, MHCTH1IeCKH-cy.n:opm1rnoro 1IYBCTBa H 6Jiaropo.n;Heihnero HaJ1IHOro lI II03TlI1IeCKOfO CTpeMJieHHH, cpHJilICTepcKOM OKaMeHeJIOCTlI lI peBOJIIOll;lIOHHOfO .ZJ:BlI)KeHHH, KOJIOCCaJibHOro rropoKa lI 1IlICTe:Hinero H.n;eaJIH3Ma, u;HHli1IHOfO CKeIITlill;lI3Ma lI .n:eTCKOM BepbI, 0)KeCT01IeHHOfO 3fOlI3Ma lI ceHTHMeHTaJibHOM Me1ITaTeJibHOCTlI, 6eCCTbl.ZJ:HOf0 OTpHu;aHHH BCero OTe1IeCTBeHHOfO lI
peBHHBOM 3a6oTJIHBOCTH o BoccTaHOBJieHHH HaIJ.HOHaJibHOM 1IeCTH. HapHcoBaTb
rro.n:po6HyIO KapTHHY lICTOplIH HpaBOB Toro BpeMeHH 6bIJIO 6bI 3a.n;a1IeM, .n:oCTOMHOM BeJIH1Ia:Hinero HCTopHKa. MbI co cBoe:H cTopoHbI Mo)KeM H .ZJ:OJI)l(HbI
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COIJ.HaJibHOe IIOJIO)KeHHe

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XIV,

cJiy)KHBIIIHe o6pa3IJ.OM

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XVIII

CTOJieTMH. My)K-

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MHor.n:a OIIHpaJIMCb II .n;aMbl rrpH TOp)KeCTBeHHblX BbIXO.ZJ:aX. Ilo OTJilI1IHHM B
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15
~IICTO c6pIIBaJiaCb II ITOJiyqIIJia
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XVIII

BeKa, CTpeMHCb rro.n.pa)l(aTb napH.n.aM cBoIIx

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33
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36
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51

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37

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38

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41

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24

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2

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42
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43
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BblllIHTOH cepe6pHHbIMH 3aiiuaMH, B KpaCHOM )KHJieTe, B ,ll;JIHHHOM rrapHKe,
,ll;OXO,ll;HBllleM ,no IIOHCa, H c JIHCbHM XBOCTOM BMeCTO rnrrarn: 3a IIOHCOM. ,llHcrryT rrpo.n;oJI)KaJICH ueJihIH "tJac cpe.n;n: Heo6y3,naHHhIX KpHKOB ceyrnaTeJieii, rroTOM KOpOJib BeJieJI rrepeCTaTb, IIOXBaJIHJI Moprem1rrepHa, rrosepHyJIC.H, 3aCBHCTaJI H 3aXJIOIIaJI B Jla,ll;OllIH, see IIpHCYTCTBy101un:e c,neJiaJIH TO )Ke. Ilo.n;o6Hble
CTpaHHbie cueHbl rrpoHCXO,ll;HJIM If Ha rrpa3,ll;HHKaX, .n;asaBIIIHXC.H HHOr,na rrpH
,ll;Bope. Kor.n;a KOHliaJIC.H

o6e.n; H

KOpoJieBa y,naJIHJiaCb co CBOM.Mlf ,ll;aMaMH, KO-

pOJib IIyCKaJICH o6bIKHOBeHHO IIJIHCaTb c reHepaJiaMH H rrpH6JIH)KeHHbIMH. Ilo.n;
crnpocTb <I>pn.n;pHx-BHJihreJibM

I

srraJI B xatt)Kecrno. OH Bcer.n;a 6b1JI CTporo

peJIHflI03eH, lI IIOTOMY IIHeTHCTaM HeTpy,nHO 6bIJIO 3aCTaBHTb ero M.3fHaTb B

1723 r.

H3 faJIJie cpHJiococpa BoJibcpa ~KaK HexpncTHaHHHa~. Ilpas.n;a, o.n;Hoii

H3 rro6y ,ll;HTeJibHblX rrpH"lIHH 3TOH .n;ecIIOTH"lleCKOH BbIXO,ll;KH 6bIJI ,ll;OHOC 0 TOM,
'ITO BoJibcp rrporrose.n;yeT KaKoii-To cpaTyM, rrpHHy:>K,naIOIUHii ,ne3epTn:posaTh

~MlIHHbIX MOJIO,ll;UOB~. ECJIH sepHTb ,ll;OllepH KOpOAA, KOTOpaH, Brrpo1IeM, lI B
3TOM CJiy-qae, KaK BO MHOfHX .n;pyrHX, He BIIOJIHe CTporo rrpn:.n;ep:>KHBaeTC.H
xpoHOJIOfHM, KOpOJIH 110.n.n;ep)KHBaJI B ero peJIHflI03HOM pBeHHH lI3BeCTHbIH
nHeTHCT <I>paHKe. ~3ToT "tJeJioBeK, CKaH, -

paccKa3brnaeT MapKrpacpnHH EaiipeT-

C1IlITaJI rpexoM Bee y,noBOJibCTBH.H, ,na:>Ke MY3bIKY H

oxory;

OH rrpH-

Ka3blBaJI fOBOpHTb TOJibKO 0 CJIOBe DO:>KHeM H 3arrpeiuaJI BCHKHe IIOCTOpOHHHe
pa3rOBOpbI. 3a CTOJIOM OH 0,ll;MH fOBOpHJI H 1IHTaJI BcJiyx, KaK B MOHaCTbipe.
Ka:>K,ll;b1.ii pa3 rroCJie o6e.n;a KopoJib 1IHTaJI HaM nporrose.n;h, ero KaMep,ll;HHep rre11
.n.yxostty10 rrecHh, a MbI Bee ,nOJI)KHbI 6bIJIH rro,nTHfHBaTh. Ha Moero 6paTa
<DpH.n;pHxa H Ha MeH.H Haxo,ll;HJI lIHOf,ll,a TaKOH rrpHIIa,ll;OK cMexa, "lITO MbI peIIIM.TeJibHO He MOfJIM BbI,ll;ep:>KaTb. Ha.n; HaMH pa3pa)KaJIC.H TOr,na ueJibIH rpoM
rrpoKJIHTHH, H Mbl ,ll;OJI)KHbI 6hIJIH BbICJIYllIHBaTb HX KaK KaIOIUHeCH rpellIHHKlI. 0,n:HM.M CJIOBOM, no MHJIOCTH <DpattKe Mbl )KHJIH TOl.J:HO B MOHaCTbipe Tparr-

IllICTOB~. A Me)K,n:y TeM, HeCMOTP.H Ha BCIO CBOIO CTpaHHOCTb, ,ll;MKOCTb M rpy6ocTb, .n;sop <Dpn.n:pnxa-BHJibreJibMa

I

Mor CJIY)KHTb o6pa3UOM HpascrneHHOCTM

,ll,JIH 6oJibllIHHCTBa HeMeUKHX .n;sopoB Toro BpeMemI. Han6011ee pocKOllIHO n
611HcTaTeJibHO rrpoxo.n;HJia :>KH3Hh B ,llpe3,neHe, r.n:e AsrycT CHJihHbIH .n;oso.zi;MJI
pacT01IM.TeJibHOCTb .n:o caMoii BbICllleii CTerreHH. IlpyccKHH MHHHCTp fpyM6KOB
pernHJIC.H CBe3TlI K 3TOMY ,ll;BOpy CBoero peJIHfll03HO-MeJiaHXOJIM1IHOfO KOpOJIH,
lJT06bI OTKJIOHM.Tb ero OT HaMepeHH.H OTKa3aTbC.H OT rrpeCTOJia. KopoJib rrpHexaJI B ,llpe3,n:eH B HHBape

1728 r.

n rrpo6brn TaM 1IeTb1pe He,neJIH cpe.n;H Henpe-

pbIBHbIX rrpa3.n;HeCTB. ~O.n;tta:>K,ll;bI, reJibMa

I, -

paccKa3bIBaeT ,ll;01Ib <DpH,ll;pHxa-BHJib-

IIOCJie CHJibHOH IIOITOHKH IIOJibCKlIH KOpOJib (AsryCT CMJibHbIH)

IIOBeJI OTUa Moero B ,ll;OMMHO, Ha MacKapa.n;. BeceJIO pa3roBapHBaH, XO,ll;lIJIM OHM
113 o,a;Hoii KOMHaTbI B .n;pyry10. EpaT Moii <DpH,a;pMx 11 npo1Ine rocn1 cJie,noBaJIH

:~a HMMH. HaKOHeu: OHH npHllIJIM B 6oJibllIYIO, Heo6bIKHOBeHHO pOCKOllIHO

44

ABrycT

II

CHJibHbIH

45
y6paHHYIO KOMHaTy. B TO BpeMH, KaK OTeu: JII06oBaJICH li3Hlll,Hb1MM yKpameHIIRMM, o.n;Ha I13 CTeH Heo:am.n;aHHO orrycTMJiaCb I1 rJia3aM OTKpbIJIOCb Y.ll.MBMTeJibHOe 3peJIMill,e. L{eBymKa, rrpeKpacHaH KaK Bettepa IIJIM KaK rpau;IIM, He6pe:>KHO Jie:>KaJia Ha rrocTeJIM B

o.n;e:>K.n;e HaIIIHX rrpapo.n;1ueJie:ii .n;o rpexorra.n;e-

HIIR, OKM.ll.blBM B30pOM CBOe TeJIO, 6eJioe KaK MpaMop, c cpopMaMII Bettepbl
Me.n;Hu;e:ii:CKOH. DJieCK OT TbIC}IqJ1 CBeqe:ii, OCBelll,aBIIIMX KOMHaTy .n;aJieKO rrpeBOCXO.ll.MJI COJIHeqHblM. IloJibCKMH KOpOJib I1 fpyM6KOB paccqtt:TbIBaJIM, qTQ
KOpOJib HerrpeMeHHO rrorra.n;eTCR Ha :ny' rrpMrOTOBJieHHYIO eMy y .n;oqKy' HO OHM
:>KeCTOKO OIIIM6JIMCb. IlpM rrepBOM :>Ke B3rJIR.n;e KOpOJib CHRJI IIIJIRIIY II 3aKpbIJI
eIO JIMU:O 6parn, rrpHKa3blBM eMy Y.ll.aJIMTbCR. IloTOM OH o6paTMJICH K IIOJibCKOMY KopoJIIO co cJioBaMn:: «Otta 011eHb xopoma ! »

-

n: BbIIIIeJI BOH. B TOT

:>Ke Be11ep OH 3aMeTMJI f pyM6KoBy 1.J:TO He JII06IIT rro.n;o6HbIX 3peJIHill, I1 He :>KeJiaeT IIOBTOpeHIIH HX:l>. L{aJibIIIe MapKrpacpHHR paccKa3bIBaeT, 1ITO BO BpeM5I
rrpe6hrnamrn rrpH caKCOHCKOM .ll.BOpe 6paT ee CTpacTHO BJII06HJICR B rpacpHHIO
Op:>KeJibCKy10, .n;oqb II B TO :>Ke BpeMR 111060BHIIU:Y ABrycrn CMJibttoro. Otta
6bIJia rrpe:>K.n;e JII06oBHMU:eii cBoero 6parn rpacpa PyToBcKoro, o.n;Horo M3 354
rro6011HbIX .n;eTe:ii MX o6rn;ero mu:a. ABrycT CTaJI peBHOBaTb II rrpe.n;11o:>KHJI rrpycCKoMy KpottrrpIIHU:Y BMecTo Orrn<eJibcKo:ii: rrpeKpactty10 MTaJibRHKY <DopMepa,
TY caMyIO, KOTOpM 11rpaJia puJib Bettepbl. Otta c.n;eJiaJiacb rrepBoli JII060BHMu:e:ii <Dpn:.n;p11xa. BrrocJie.n;cTBn:n:, Kor.n;a caKCOHCKHM .n;Bop rrpn:exaJI oT.n;aTh
BM3MT 6epJin:HcKoMy, <Dpn:.n;pn:xy Y.ll.aJIOCb-TaKn: c611n:3HTbCR c Op:>KeJibCKoii;
OHa rrpn::>KMJia c HHM pe6eHKa. L{Bop ABrycTa CMJibHOfO COCT05IJI ll3 TOJIIIbl
cpaBopn:TOB, KaCTpaTOB, TaHIJ:OBill,MU:, llTaJib5IHCKHX, cppaHU:Y3CKHX I1 IIOJibCKHX
pa3BpaTHHU:, rro6011ttb1x .n;eTerr H aJIXHMHKOB. PocKOIIIb .n;oxo.n;mia

.n;o tteCJibI-

xaHHbIX pa3MepoB: Ha CBa.n;h6y CBoero CbIHa, 6y.n;yrn;ero KypcpIOpCTa ABrycTa

III,

IIOJIHOBJiaCTHblll MHHHCTp KOTOporo rpacp fipIOJib OKOH1IaTeJibHO pa30-

pHJI CYpaHy, ABrycT IIOTpanIJI B

1719 r.

4 MHJIJUIOHa, B TO caMoe BpeM5I, Kor.n;a

BCR CTpaHa CTpa.n;aJia OT ro110.n;a II .n;oporoBH3Hbl.

c KaKHM IJ:MHH3MOM OH rro-

IHipaJI BC5IKHM CTbl,ll; I1 BC5IKYIO HpaBCTBeHHOCTb, MO/KHO BII,ll;eTb Me:>K,ll;y rrpo1IMM
H3 CJie.n;y10rn;ero CJIY1IM. ABrycT B

1767

r . .n;ep:>KaJI napM c TOf.ll.aIIIHeii CBOe:ii

JII060BHMU:eli rpacpHHeii K03eJib, qTo MO:>KeT BbIIIYCTMTb MOHeTbl c M3o6pa:>KeHHeM ee .n;eTOpO,ll.HblX 11acTeii:, H BbrnrpaJI 8TO rrapH, BeJieB Ha1IeKaHMTb ryJib)J:eHbI, H3BecTHhie HYMH3MaTaM rro.n; MMeHeM ryJih.n;ettoB Ko3eJib.
MapKrpacpMmI fia:iipeTcKaH pncyeT ttaM TaK:>Ke n KapTHHY fiarrpeTcKoro
jJ:BOpa, Kapnrny, B HCTHHHOCTM KOTOpoii, HeCMOTpH Ha BCIO ee OTBpaTHTeJibHOCTb, MbI He HMeeM rrpaBa COMHeBaTbCR. « y MapKrpacpnmr CocpHH, cyrrpyrn MapKrpacpa f eopra-BHJibreJibMa, BCTYIIHBIIIeii BIIOCJie,ll.CTBHH 50-JieTHerr
Meccamrnoli BO BTOpOH 6paK c H3BeCTHeMIIIHM OpHrHHaJIOM Toro BpeMeHH
rpacpoM fO.ll.MU:, MCTpaTHBIIIMM 5 MJIH. Ha yKpameHne CBOero MOpaBCKOfO 3aMKa PacKOJib.n;a, y 3Toii MapKrpacpHHM 6brna .n.011b, B036y:>K.n.aBma.H 3aBHCTb

46
MaTepn cBoeii KpacoToii II .n;o6po.n;eTeJibIO. lly.n;oBHill;HaJI MaTb pernHJiaCb rrory6HTb cBoe .n;nrn:. MapKrpacp ttaMepeBaJICH Bh1.n;aTh rrpnttu;eccy 3a rrpnttu;a
KyJih6axcKoro. lIT06b1 paccTpOHTb 3TOT rrJiaH, MapKrpa¢nHH rrpn6erJia K
rroMom;n HeKoero Be6e3epa, KaMep-IOHKepa ee cyrrpyra; otta o6em;aJia eMy 4000
.n;yKaToB, ecJIH oH co6Jia3HHT rrpnttu;eccy H Ta 3a6epeMetteeT. ,l{oJiro Be6e3ep
Harrpactto yxa)l(HBaJI 3a .n;eByrnKoii, BCTpe1IaJI o.n;tto JIHIIIb rrpe3pettne H ornpam;ettne c ee cTopoHbI. MapKrpa¢nttH yBn.n;eJia, HaKotteu;, l.J:TO 3TO cpe.n;crno He
ro,z::r;HTCH II BbI.n;YMaJia .n;pyroe: oHa rrpe.n;ocrnBHJia Be6e3epy B03MO)l(HOCTb crrpHTaTbCH HOl.J:bIO B KOMHaTe rrpnttu;eccbI. CJiyrn ee 6bIJIH rro.n;KyIIJieHbI. Ee 3arrepJIH c Hero.n;HeM, II TaKHM o6pa30M, HeCMOTpH Ha KpHKII II CJie3bl HecqacTHOH,
eMy y.n;aJIOCb OBJia,z::r;eTh ero. IlpnHu;ecca 3a6epeMeHeJia II po.n;nJia .n;Byx 6JIH3Heu;oB. MapKrpa¢HHH TOTl.J:ac cxBaTHJia nx Ha pyKH II rro6e)l(aJia paccKa3hIBaTh BCeM, KaKaJI y Hee pa3BpaTHaJI .n;Ol.J:b. Otta .n;o Toro TIICKaJia MaJIIOTOK, l.J:TO
OHM yMepJIM~.
Ho HII o.n;Ha II3 HeMeIJ;KIIX 3eMeJib He CTpa,z::r;aJia OT 6e3HpaBCTBeHHOCTII CBOIIX
rocy.n;apeii 6oJiee BropTeM6epra. BropTeM6eprcKne rrpMHIJ;hI, Ka3aJioch,
IIOCTaBIIJIM ce6e 3a,z::r;alfeii HCIIbITaTb, .n;o l.fero MO)l(eT .n;oihn 6e3HpaBCTBeHHOCTb
11 6eCCTbI,z::r;CTBO. fepu;or JieoIIOJib.n;-36eprap.n;, II3 MeMIIeJihrap.n;cKoii JIIIHIIII,
)l(eHIIJICH cpa3y Ha 3 CBOIIX JII060BHHIJ;ax. K 3TOMy CKaH.n;aJIY OH npncoe.n;HHHJI
em;e II KpOBOCMeIIIeHHe, rrepe)l(emrn Me)l(.n:y co6oif 13 CBOIIX He3aKOHHblX .n;eTeif.
Ott XOTeJI .n;ame OCTaBHTb HM B HacJie.n;crno MeMrreJibrap.n;, HO IIMIIepaTopcKIIM
peiixcro¢paT rrocJie cMepTH repu;ora B 1723 r. o6bHBIIJI ero He3aKOHHoe
IIOTOMCTBO He.n;ocTOHHbIM ero 3BaHHH II HaCJie.n;cTBa, II BCe 3TO rpH3Hoe OTpO,n:he
CKpbIJIOCb BO -«BCeMHpHoii KJIOaKe~ Ilapnma. B u;ncpettaHcKoM BropTeM6epre
36eprap.n;-Jiro.n;BHf B3HJI ce6e B HaJIO)l(HIIIJ;bl ( 1708 r.) rry6JIII1!ttyIO meHm;Htty II3
MeKJiett6ypra XpIICTHHy-BHJibreJibMHtty <Pott fpeBeHHIJ; II B03BbICHJI ee B 3BaHHe rpa¢nttH c co.n:ep)l(aHIIeM B 20 000 ryJih.n;eHOB. Ott .n:ame ¢opMaJibHO )l(eHHJICH Ha Heii, ttecMOTpH Ha TO, l.J:TO ero cyrrpyra rrpnttu;ecca Ea.n:ett-,l{ypJiaxcKaJI
6bIJia em;e mnBa. Ha Bee 3aMel.J:aHHH o ttenpHJIH1IHH rro.n;o6ttoro rroBe.n;eHHH repu;or OTBel.J:aJI, l.J:TO OH, KaK rrpoTeCTaHTCKIIH rocy.n:apb, ,z::r;OJI)l(eH OT.n;aBaTb OTl.J:eT
B CBOHX rrocTyrrKax o.n;HoMy JIHIIIb Bory. fpeBeHHIJ;, meHm;HHa rrpe.n;aHHaJI caMOMy HII3KOMy CJiaCTOJII06HIO H CaMOM rpH3HOH CKYIIOCTH, yrrpaBJIHJia HecqacTHOH CTpaHOH C IIOJIHbIM rrpe3peHIIeM KO BCHKOMy 3aKOtty II CIIpaBeMHBOCTII. Ilo
rrpHKa3aHHIO HMIIeparnpa OHa .n;OJI)l(Ha 6bIJia Ha BpeMH OCTaBHTb BropTeM6epr,
HO repu;or rroexaJI 3a Heii B IKetteBy H TopmecTBeHHO rrpnBe3 ee Ha3a.n; B
IIITyTrapT rro.n; HMeHeM meHbI JiaH.n;rocpMeikTepa <Pott Brop6eH. Terrepb-TO
Hal.J:aJIOCb CaMOe TH)l(eJIOe BpeMH ee rrpaBJieHHH. ,l{JIH y.n;oBJiernopeHIIH HeCJibIXaHHOH .n;ornJie pacTOl.J:HTeJibHOCTH .n;Bopa rrp.H6eraJIH H K HeCJibIXaHHhIM cpe.n;crnaM
pa3opettHH ttapo.n:a. He MomeM y.n:epmaTbCH, 1IT06b1 He yrroMHHYTh M.HMoxo.n;oM
o cMeJioM OTBeTe rrpeJiaTa Oc.HaH.n:epa (HJI.H rrp.H,n:Bopttoro .n;yxoBHHKa

47
f paMJitt:Xa?) Ha rrpocb6y 6ecCTbl,l1,HOH pasBpaTHMUbl BKJII01IMTb ee B uepKOBHbie
MOJIMTBbI. ~Mbl H TaK e:>Ke,Z1,HeBHO IIOMMHaeM mm: Barne B MOJIIITBaX, OH e:H:,

-

CKa3aJI

Kor.n:a 1Itt:TaeM B 0T1Ie Harn ~tt: 1IS6aBtt: Hae OT JiyKaBoro!~ IlocJie

CMepTtt: 36eprap.n:a-JlIO,Z1,Btt:ra BIOpTeM6epr rrorraJI B pyKII MOIIIeHHtt:1IeCKOH
rna:H:KM eBpeH 310ca Orrrrettre:H:Ma, rrepBoro MMHHCTpa repu;ora KapJiaAlleKcatt.n;pa. .ll,oM 3TOI'O eBpeH c.n:eJiaJICH uempoM caMMX tteyMOJitt:MbIX rrpMTecHeHMH lI CaMbIX 6erneHblX oprM:H:; Heo6bIKHOBeHHOe coe.n:MHeHMe CJia,ll;OCTpacTMH
c :>KecTOKOCTbIO 6bIJIO OTJIH1IMTeJihHo:H: qepTo:H: 3Toro qeJIOBeKa. Bo BpeMH

3-

JieTHero rrpaBJieHMH repuora 310c npo.n:a:>Ke:H: .n:oJI:>KHOCTe:H: M .n:pyrtt:MM rrpoTMBosaKOHHbIMM MepaMM Bbl:>KM ll3 Hecqacrno:H: CTpaHbl 6oJiee MllJIJIMOHa ryJib,l1,eHOB.

1738 r. B rroJIMMJIJIHOHa,
6bIJIO y6MTO 1500 OJieHe:H:, 4000 IIIyYK

Bpe.n:, rrpM1IHHHeMbIH IIOJIHM ,n:Mirbro, ou;emrna.n:cn: B
XOTH Ha OXOTe repuora 3a ro.n: rrepe,n: TeM

KpyrrHbIX M MeJIKMX 3Bepeii M

5000

Ka6aHOB. Ho rrpaBJiem1e fpeBeHMU II eBpeH

310ca 6b1JI0 TOJibKO rrpeJiro,n:tte:H: K :>KeCTOKOCTHM M pacT01IHTeJibHOCTM KapJiaEBreHMH B

1744 r.

qT06bI .n:aTh IIOHHTIIe 06 3TOM rocy.n:ape, Mbl rrpIIBe,Z1,eM CJIOBa

rrpeJiaTa fOTcPPlI.ll.a 11MH, B006llle ,l1,0BOJibHO yMepeHHOfO B CBOIIX ey:>K,l1,eHMHX:

~llfryTrapT 6hIJI B TO BpeMJI ueHTpOM Y.ll.OBOJlbCTBIIH H BeJIMKOJierrHeMIIIMM
,ll;BOpOM fepMaHHH. qT06b1 yBeJilll.£llTb 6JieCK, K HeMy rrpMBJieKaJill MHO:>Keerno
IIHOeTpaHHblX /1.BOpHH. IlpH ,Z1,Bope TOJIIIHJIHeb MapIIIaJihl, KaMeprepbl,
rrpII,ll,BOpHbie KaBaJiepbI JI ,aaMbI; MHOI'He H3 HHX IIOJIYIIMII rpoMa,n;Hoe eo,aep:>KaHMe.

B

HX eBMTe eoeToHJia ueJiaH apMMH KaMep,Z1,HHepoB, raii.n:yKOB, MaBpOB,

eKOpOXO,Z1,0B, IIOBapoB, JiaKeeB lI KOHIOXOB B BeJIIIKOJienHeHIIIHX JIHBpeHX.
KpoMe Toro 6hIJIM ueJibie Koprryea rrpM.n:nopttbIX TeJioxpaHMTeJieii, erepeii H
ryeapoB, MyH.ll.llpbl KOTOpbIX 6bIJIH yKparneHbl 30JIOTOM, cepe6poM H .n:paroueHHblMll MexaMH . .ll,JIH ,l1,BOpa IIOKYIIMHeh caMbie KpaeHBbie JIOIIIa,ll;M; qaeTbIO HX
BbIITMebIBMM H3-sa rpaHIIUbI 3a 6aeHoeJIOBHO orpoMHbie eyMMhI. TeaTp, orrepa,
6MeT M MysbIKa rrorJIOlllMH rpoMa,n;Hbie cyMMbI. BeJIM1IaiirnMe apTHCTbI 6bIJIM
rrpHrJiarnaeMbI M3 <DpaHUIIHM HS l1TMMM. HoBep 6brn .n:npeKTopoM 6aJieTa,
KaMeJill -

KarreJlbMeiieTepoM M .n:a:>Ke BeeTpMc .ll.OJI:>KeH 6bIJI ,Z1,eJIIITb CBoe npeMH

Me:>K.n:y lllryTrapmM H BepeaJieM. IloeJie.n:HeMy IIJiaTHJIM 3a ero rrpoMsBe.n:eHHH
no

12 000

ry Jlb,Z1,eHOB B ro.n:. IloCTaHOBKa HHbIX orrep CTOlIJia .n:o

100 000 ry Jib-

.n:eHOB. qaeTO, oeo6eHHO B ,Z1,HH pO:>K,l1,eHHH repuora, yeTpatt.BMHeb rrpa3,Z1,HHKH,
Ha KOTOpbIX eoe.n:MHHJIOeh Bee, 1ITO MOfJIH .n:aTb MeKyeeTBO H poeKOIIIb .

.ll,JIH yBe-

JIH1IeHMH qlJeJia 3pHTeJieii Beem 3TOfO BeJIHKOJieIIHH rrpIIrJiaIIIMH MHO:>KeCTBO
3HaTHbIX llHOeTpami;eB, co.n:ep:>KaBIIIHXCH 3a eqeT /1.BOpa. qaeTO O,l1,HH rrpa3,Z1,HHK
IIOf.lIOlllaJI OT

300-400

Tble.Rl.£ ryJib,Z1,eHOB. Bee HBJIHJIOeb B IIOJIHOM 6JieeKe;

6aneTbl H ,Z1,paMbl rropa:>KMH BeJIHKOJieITMeM eBoeii rroeTaHOBKII; BepoHe3e .n:aBaJI
<PeiiepBepKH, e:>KnraBIIIMe B tteeKOJibKO MMHYT ueJibie 6o1IKH 30JioTa. Beeb
0JIMMII eo6MpaJieH rrpHBeTeTBOBaTb rocy.n:apH, CTHXllll H BpeMeHa ro.n:a
Bblpa:>KMII eMy eBOH qyBeTBa B M.3.RlllHbIX

CTMXOTBopeHHHX~.

48
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HOeIIJI saIIITOIIaHHble py6aIIIKII II eIOpTyKII; rroeJie ero eMepTII O,UIIH eBpell:
KYIIIIJI Beeb rap.uepo6 KOpOJIH sa 400 TaJiepoB. Me6eJib ero 6bIJia rroeTOHHHO
saebmaHa Ta6aKoM, IIeu;aparraHa II pasopBaHa eo6a1IOHKaMII, KOTopbie ,n;a:>Ke
erraJIII Ha rroeTeJIII KOpOJIH. HeeMOTpH Ha Bee 3TO, rrpII ,UBOpe <DpII,UpIIxa BeeTaKII He 6bIJIO TOH eKape,UHOeTII, KOTOpoll: OTJilil.JaJiaeh :>KII3Hb ero OTIJ;a. l.JaeTO
OH ,UaBaJI 6JieeTRIIJ;IIe rrpa3,UHIIKII. Ka)K.[(bIH ro.u 18 HHBapH, B ,n;eHb KOpOHaIJ;IIII,
Ha KopoJieBeKOM CTOJie IIOHBJIHJiaeh rroey.ua, eTOIIBIIIaH 1 300 000 TaJiepoB.
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HeJib3H He el.JHTaTb .uoeTOHHbIM rJiy6oKoro yBa:>KeHHH. Ho, HeeMOTpH Ha BeIO
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Ha,UOeBIIIee B KOHIJ;e KOHIJ;OB II eaMOMy ~eTapOMy <DpIIu;y~. ~He Ha,UO MHe cppattu;ysoB, - fOBOpHJI OH B eTapoeTII, - OHII MHe rrpoTIIBHbl~. BeKope IIO BerynJieHIIII Ha rrpeeTOJI OH eKa3aJI esoeMy MIIHHeTpy u;epKOBHbIX ,n;eJI 3HaMeHIITbie
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II HeTepIIIIMOCTII. <DpII,UpIIx HIIKor.ua He eJie,UOBaJI TOMy rrpIIHIJ;IIrry, l.JTO OH IIOJIHOBJiaeTHbIH paerropH.UIITeJib eo6erneHHoeTII II :>KII3HH rro.u.uaHHbIX. OH .uorryeKaJI eso6o.uy peqII II rrel.JaTII, XOTH II npII6aB.IDIJI B TO :>Ke BpeMH: ~Pacey:>K,Uall:­
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KHIIrorrpo,a:am:_i;y II ITIIeaTeJIIO HIIKOJiaII, eoeTaBJIHBIIIeMy Tor.ua u;eHTp Kpy:>KKa 6epJIJrneKOH IIHTeJIJIIIfeHIJ;IIII: ~B ocppattu;y:>KeHHOM fiepJIIIHe eso6o.ua ,a:yMaTb H IIHCaTb eBO,UIITCH K eso6o.ue BbleKa3bIBaTb KaKIIe yro,a:Ho rJiyrroeTII Ha
el.JeT peJIIIfIIH. IlyeTb KTO-HH6y,n;b rronpo6yeT B fiepJIIIHe IIHeaTb 0 l.JeM-HH6y,a:b
,a:pyroM TaK :>Ke eBo6o,a:HO, KaK IIHeaJI B Bette 30HHeHcpeJibe, rryeTb s.ueeb KTOHH6ytJ:b rrorrpo6yeT rrporrone,a:oBaTb l.J:BaHHOH IIPHtJ:BOpHOH TOJIIIe Te IIeTlIHbl,

55

f. 3. Jlecc1rnr. fpamopa Ha Me,n;H

56
KOTOpble OH BbICKa3bIBaJI, rrycTb KTO-HII6yi:i;b B .5ep.7IIIHe OCMe.7IIITC5I IIOLl;H5ITb
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57

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1778 ro.n;a co CBOHM .n;pyroM repu;oroM rrpyccKyIO CTOJIMU:y, IIMCaJI OTTy,n;a
MepKy (oT 15 asrycrn): ~MbI npo6bIJill 3,ll;eCb HeCKOJibKO .n;He.M:, MR CMOTpeJI
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o6e3b.sIH l:I ero pa3opBaHHble 3aHaBeCH, H CJibllllaJI KaK 0 BeJIHKOM tJeJIOBeKe
paecy)l(,ll;aJIH ero eo6erneHHbie co6atJoHKM$>.
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59
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CBOHM HeMeUKHM npoIICXO)K,l(eHHeM3 • B KOpOTKOe uapCTBOBaHIIe ero rrpeeMHHKa JieorroJih,a:a

II ( 1790-1792)

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II ( 1786-1797).

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60

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65
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66

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('KJIOHIITb Ha CBOIO CTOpOHY MJIII TIO Kpaii:Hell Mepe 3arryraTb HecoqyBCTBOBaBlllHX HM rocyJJ:apeM:. Kor.n:a B 1709 r. B AHraJibT-Uep6cTe II3AaH 6bIJI 3AIIKT
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68
TOTqac ycJibIXaJI roJIOC c He6a, llOBeJieBaBnrn:ii: eMy BHYillMTb KHH3IO Tep11MMOCTb K ceKTaHTaM. Kor)J,a 3TO He llOMOrJIO, B Ka6irneT 11po110Be)J,HMKa .HBMJIC.H JIMqHo caM foc11o)J.b Eor, 110)1. BH,ll,OM 11peKpacHoro qeJioBeKa c orHeHHbIMM
BOJiocaMM M, 'ITO Bcero Y.ll.HBMTeJibHee, o.n;eTbIM B peBoJIIOUMOHHbie UBeTa, M
11pHKa3aJI eMy CHOBa 11pe.n.ocTepe'Ib KH.H3.H. 3TO TaK Hc11yraJIO KH.H3.H, 1ITO OH
qepe3 He.n.eJIIO yMep. UeHTpaMM llHeTMCTMqecKoro ,ll,BM)KeHM.H .n;oJiroe BpeM.H
oCTaBaJIHCb ,ll,BOpbI peliHCKllX feii:HpMXOB B KecTp11ue 11 36epc.n.opcpe; B coce.n.He:H CMJie3M11, BO BJia.n.eH11.Hx rpacpa IlpoMH11ua roc110.n;cTBOBaJIH «rrpo6y)K.n.eH-

Hbie~. MaTb rpacpa 3paMaHa cpoH IlpoMHMU roBopMJia, 1ITo otta 011ettb JII06IIT
CBOero CbIHa, HO OH He ,ll,OJI)KeH Tpe6oBaTb, qT06bI OHa Ka)K,ll,blll .n:eHb CTO.HJia
c HMM Ha MOJIMTBe ITO HeCKOJibKO qaCOB Ha KOJieH.HX: «IIpH ee IIOJIHOTe 3TO
CJiliIIIKOM Tpy.n.no~. B 3TOM ceMeiicrne CJIY"lJHJiaCb O)J,Ha MCTOpII.H, 6pocaIOIUaH
He COBCeM 6JiarorrpHHTHbIM CBeT Ha HpaBbl TOro BpeMeHH. Brnpoii CblH BbIIIIeyrroM.HHYTOM TOJICTOH ,a:aMbI )Kett11JIC.H Ha rpacpirne cpoH TeHKUJ1H 113 IIITeiinay,
6e3HpaBCTBeHHOM )KeHm1rne, c KOTopoii: OH CKOpo pa3BeJICH, 11 BTOpoll: 6paK
KOTopoii c rpacpoM KoJIJiett6epr TaK)Ke 6bIJI pacToprHyT. OT rrepBoro 6paKa
y Hee ocTaJiach .n.oqb, )KHBillaH c MaTepbIO B IIITeiittay. 3a6on1ch o 3eMHOM M
BelIHOM 6Jia)KeHCTBe 3TOH rrpe,ll,CTaBHTeJibHHUbI CBoero )J,OMa, ceMeiicTBO
IlpoMHMU peIIIHJIOCb IIOXMTHTb .n.oqb y ee rropoqHOH MaTepH. 0,a:HOMY JIOBKOMY
cppaHUY3Y Jie-<l>eBpy rropy11etto 6bIJIO rrpHBeCTlI 3TOT IIJiaH B liCIIOJIHeHMe, HO
IIOXIIIUemre He y,a:aJIOCb, MOJIO,ll,YIO rpacp11HIO OTBe3JIII B Betty, MaTb ycTyrrrrJia CBOH rrpaBa Ha Hee Map1111-Tepe3HH, KOTOpaH rrpHHY.ll.llJia ee rrpHH.HTb KaTOJIHqecrno H BblHTM 3aMy)K 3a HeJII0611MOro qeJIOBeKa; 6e,ll,HaH rpacp11HH BCKOpe yMepJia OT rop.H. HecqacTHbIH cppaHUy3, rrorraBillliH eii B pyKH rnTeii:HaycKo:H: Merepbl 6bIJI 3arrepT B TIOpbMY Ha XJie6 H BO,ll,y; BO BpeM.H 3aBOeBaHH.H
CIIJie3MH <l>pH,a:pHXOM ero HaIIIJIH TaM COBep111eHHO OTyneJibIM M noJiycrHMBIllliM; OH yMep TOTqac )Ke IIOCJie OCB060)K,ll,eHH.H. Ha CeBepe f epMaHHM Me)K,ll,y
3HaTHblMH «rrpo6y)K,ll,eHHbIM11~ oco6eHHO BbI,ll,eJIHJIOCb ceMeMCTBO rpacpoB

IllTOJib6epr,

rropo.n.11B111ee ;:i:Byx 113BeCTHbIX II03TOB. EyMMHr, rrocenrnIIIMH

lliTOJib6eproB B

1751

ro.n.y, paccKa3bIBaeT, qTo ORJI rrpOBO)J,liJIH 60JibIIIYIO

1:1acTb ,ll,H.H 3a 1:1TeH11eM Ett6JI111I II 6Jiaro1:1ecT1IBbIMII pa3rOBopaMII. IlplI 3TOM
Y"lJeHoro Mar1ICTpa -

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crraceHIIIO~

-

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rpy.n.n~.

Ha IOre fepMaHHH, oco6eHHO B BIOpTeM6epre, BO BpeM.H T.H)KeJioro rocno,n;CTBa f peBeHHU n11eTH3M C,ll,eJiaJI 3Ha1IHTeJibHbie yc11exH, HO 60J1ee B HH3IIIHX
II cpe.ll,HHX, qeM B BblCIIIIIX CJIO.HX o6mecTBa. BbIIIIe Bcex CBOHX «rrpo6y)K,ll,eH-

HblX~ cooTeqecTBeHHHKOB CTO.HJI HoraHH

5IKo6

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3aMeqaTeJihHoro mua KapJia <l>pH.n.pnxa M03epa. C Heo6bIKHOBeHHoii Y"lJeHo-

69
CTblO H JIHTepaTypHbIM ,z:i:apoBaHHeM ( 0.ll:HH ero CHCTeMaTH'IeCKHe rrpOH3Be,n:eHlUI 0 HeMeu;KOM rocy,z:i:apcrneHHOM rrpaBe COCTaBJIHIOT 50 TOJICTblX TOMOB) Mo-

3ep coe,n:n:HHJI 3aMeqaTeJihttyIO rnep.n:ocTu xapaKTepa, He pa3 BOBJieKaBrny10 ero,
KaK KOHCJJibTaHTa TaK Ha3bIBaeMoro B10pTeM6eprcKoro 3eMCTBa, B orraCHbie
CTOJIKHOBeHHH c ,z:i:ecrroTHqHbIM repn;oroM KapJioM. 3a My)l(ecrneHHYIO 3a111n-

TY

3eMcKHX npaB M03ep rrorrJiaTn:JICH )l(ecroKn:M 5-JieTHHM 3aKJI10qeHn:eM B fo-

reHTBn:Jie. 3,z:i:ecb B HeM OKOttqaTeJibHO pa3BHJIOCb peJin:rn:03HOe HarrpaBJieHHe,
CKJIOHHOCTb K KOTopoMy rrpOHBJIHJiaCb B HeM H rrpe)l(,n:e. qeJIOBeK, OTJIHqaBIIIHHCH ,llO CHX rrop TaKHM CBeTJibIM yMOM, .n:o Toro IIOMaJICH xaH)l(eCTBy, qTO
cTaJI BTIOJIHe BepHTb ra,n:aHbIO 110 BH6JIHn:. Ka3eMaThI foreHTBHJIH BH,n:eJIH H
,z:i:pyroro «rrpo6y)l(,n:eHHoro~, «rrpo6y)l(,n:ettHe~ KOToporo rrpoHBJIHJIOCb B

6oJiee

rpy6bIX cpopMax. 3TO 6bIJI IIOJIKOBHHK Pnrep, CHaqaJia IIOKOpHoe opy,llne, a
IIOTOM )l(eprna repu;ora KapJia, BIIOCJie,n:CTBHH CHOBa rrorraBIIIHH B MHJIOCTb Jf
rroJiyqn:BIIIHH 3BaHHe TIOpeMillHKa f oreHacrrepra, r.n:e OH MyqnJI H COJI,n:aT H
3aKJI10qeHHblX CBOHM rre,n:aHTHqHbIM xatt)l(eCTBOM.
B «lleBHUe KJieTieH6epr~ feTe MaCTepcKH HapHCOBaJI HaM THIIHqttyIQ JIH'IHOCTb 6JiaroqecTIIBbIX Kpy)l(KOB <DpaHKcpypTa. B coce,n:HeM BeTTepay, B rroMeCThHX rpacpoB H rocrro,z:i:, ceKTaHTbl If MIICTIIKH co Bcex KOHIJ;OB fepMamrn: HaXO.ll:IIJIH ce6e rrpMIOT H y6e)l(HI11e. B 3aMKe BnTreHIIITell:H yMep B

1734 r.

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pa.n; llnrrrreJib, 3TOT MHOro CTpaHCTBOBaBIIIHH H MHOfO BbICTpa,n:aBIIIHH
O.z:i:i.:1cce:H .n:peBHero rrneTH3Ma. OH rru:can rro.n: HMeHeM XpIICTHaHa jleMoKpHra, TO HeHCTOBCTBYH rrpOTIIB peJIHflIH, TO rrpecJie,n:yH MHCTHKO-IIHeTHCTHqecKHe
H.[(en; B TO )Ke BpeMH OH Tpy.n;HJicH Ha,z:i: H3o6peTeHHeM )l(H3HeHHoro 3JIHKcHpa.
B 11oraHHe XpncTHaHe 3 ,n:eJihMaHHe H3 BeiiceHcpeJih,n:a ( 1698 -

17 67)

MbI

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H3 MHCTHqecKoro HaCTpOeHHH. BJiaroqecTHBbie COBpeMeHHHKH rrpoKJIHJIH ero
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3aMeqaTeJibHbIH qeJIOBeK, aBT06HorpacpHH KOTOporo BBO.[(HT Hae B MHp pemrrH03HbIX qy.z:i:ec rrpoIIIe.n;IIIero CTOJieTHH, 6JIH)l(e 110.[(XO.[(HT CKJiaAOM CBOero yMa
K aHrJIMHCKHM .n:eMCTaM H cppaHUY3CKHM cpHJiaHTporraM. IlocJie MHOrHX CTpaHCTBHH OH oT.n;oxuyJI Ha BpeMH y UirnueH.n;opcpa B fepHryTe HJIH, KaK OH caM
paccKa3bIBaeT,

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rneHMe OT rJiaBhI cppaHKcpypTCKHX cerrapaTHCTOB AH.n;peH fpocca II BMecTe c
HMM yqaCTBOBaJI B rryTeIIIeCTBHH 6Jiaro"tfeCTHBbIX Ha Mall:He; BO BpeMH 3TOro
nyTeIIIeCTBirn MyJKqHHbl H )l(eHillHHbI KYIIaJIHCb rOJibie see BMecTe II rremr:
«XBana focrro.n:y, cJiaBa BceMoryI11eMy u;ap10!~ 113 <DpaHKcpypTa 3,n:eJibMaHH
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70
llCKaBillllH llCTllHbl, .l(OJDKeH 6bIJI 6bITb OKoaqaTeJibHO ITpo6y)l(.n;eH 6orOB.l(OXHOBeHHbIM ceAeJibHllKOM, 111Ba6cKHM ITpopoKOM <Dpll.l(pnxoM PaKoM, Ho OH
~ITo6e.n:llJI JIO)l(HbIX .n:yxoB~ ll c 3T0f0 BpeMeHJI CTaJI CB06o.n:tto Bblpa)l(aTb CBOH

CKeITTllU:ll3M ll B CJIOBax ll Ha ITllCbMe. TeM He Mettee, qT06br .n:oKa3aTb 6JiaroqecnrnbIM, qTo OH MO)l(eT ITpeB30HTll .l(a)l(e HX B npe3peHHII KO BCeMy MIIpCKOMy' OH Ha,l(eJI Ha ce6H CTapyro MeHHOHllTCKYIO pHcy ll OTpaCTIIJI 6opo.n:y ITO
ITpHMepy aITOCTOJIOB. B TaKOM HapH.l(e, B ,n;pHHHOH TeJiere B llIOHe

1739 r.

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OTBepr cITpaBe,n;JIRBOCTb 3TOro ITpe,n;ITOJIO)l(eHHH, oqmu:ep ITpIIKa3aJI TOTqac
ITpe.n:cTaBllTb KOpOJIIO 3Toro CTpaHHoro 6opo.l(aqa, Ha,l(eHCb, BepOHTHO, .l(OCTaBllTb Ero Be1rnqecrny ITOTexy BO BKyce Ta6aqttoft KOJIJierHH. Ho 3,n;eJibMaHH
OT,ZJ;eJlaJICH He06bIKHOBeHHO cqacTJU:IBO. Kor,l(a ero BBeJill B KOMHaTy, <l>pH.l(pux-BHJibreJibM CH.l(eJI c Tpy6KOH BO PTY y OKHa, OKpy)l(eHHbIH ITOJiyKpyroM
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lfa

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ra, H3 rpacpcrna BnTreH111TeMH. K.: 3aqeM OTPaIIJ:HBaeTe Bbl 6opoAy? 3.:
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K.: A

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ITpo111y y Bae MHJIOCTII. K.: KaKoii? 3.: J.fa6aBbTe Metta OT 3Toro ITOAMHIIH.
K.: fioqeMy? BaM xoqeTcH ITOJiyCJ:IITb 60Jib111e? 3.: HeT, Ba111e BeJIMqecrno, H
Bae rrpo111y HMqero He AaBaTb MHe, rroToMy qTo MHe Httqero He HY)l(HO. K.: .H
BaM .uaro BO RMH Bora. 3.: Bo RMH Bora H rrpHHMMaIO. K.: KyAa Bbl co6upaeTecb ll.l(TH? 3.: B BepJIHH, c IT03BOJieHbH Ba111ero BeJIHqecrna. K.: HeT y)I(,
B BepJIHH BaM HeJib3H. 3.: .H ,n;yMaJI, qTo B cTpaHe Ba111ero BeJIHqecrna ITOJICTRaHe, KOTOpble rroMoryT 6pazy. K.:

6po,n;eTeJibHblX xpIICTHaH. BoT BaM

Haa CB06o.n:a COBeCTH. K. : ,ll,a, Ba111eii COBeCTH HMKTO He TpOHeT' HO B BepJIHH
BaM HeJib3H. Bor .n:a o6paTMT Bae Ha ITYTb IICTHHbI!
Ba111eMy BeJIRl.Jecrny!

3.: .H

)l(eJialO Toro )Ke II

71
3.n.eJibMaHH B03BpaTHJICH Ha3a,ll, B
BeTTepay H H3,ll,aJI B cJie.n.y10ru;eM rony
cBoe rJiaBHOe coqrrHeHHe «Mosis mit
aufgedecktem Angesichb («Morrceii c
OTKpbITblM Jlllll,OM»-), rrpOH3Be,2leHHe, «B
KOTOpOM coe,ll,HHeHO Bee, qTo MO)l(HO
6bwo BbI.ll.yMaTb B yru;ep6 CBHru;ettttoMy
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3THX rrop 3.n.eJibMaHH CTaJI cqHTaTbCH
o6ep-epeTHKOM, TeM He Mettee rrprr <DprrAPHXe BeJIHKOM eMy 6hrn pa3perneH
Bbe3Jl B EepJIHH. Kor.n.a KopoJIIO CTMH
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'ITO H II03BOJIHIO 3JJ:eJibMaHHY )l(HTb, r.n.e
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)l(HBeT B MOeM rocy.n.apcTBe~.
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JJ:eJie <DpH,ll,pHx BpH,ll, JIH Mor MHOro crroco6cTBOBaTb 3TOMY ,ll,BH)l(eHHIO, oco6eHHO eCJIH CqHTaTb ero Bbipa)l(eHHeM HeMeU.KYIO JIHTeparypy. <Dpn.n.prrx 6bW
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o f eTe, KOToporo OH Ha3bIBM «imitation detestable de ces abominables pieces
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KO BCeMy HeMell,KOMy, ornparu;eHHe, ,ll,OXO,ll,HBlllee ,ll.O Toro, qTO OH He IIOHHMM
11.a)l(e CJiaBHOll 3MaHCH1IHpy10rn;eii .n.e~ITeJibHOCTII JleCCHHra, He rOBOpH y)l(e 0
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72
Beero cf>paHUy3eKoro. Mhl He MmKeM peurn_Th HaBepHo, TII1eeJiami:e JIM KOpollil, )KeJiamuero rrpoeJihITh cf>pattuy3eKMM bel-esprit, HJIM qi'O-JIM6o .n;pyroe 6hIJIO
rJiaBHOM rrpwrnHoiI ero HenpM3HaHMH Bm1aH,ll,a, JleccMttra M feTe.
Ero pa3roBop e fem1epToM B JleilrruMre 18 .n;eKa6pH 1760 r. rrpeKpaeHo
xapaKTep113yeT ero OTH01uem1e K Hapo.n;Hoii HayKe H JIHTepaType. Mall:op
KBMHrye 11UIIJIIIH, o,n;MH M3 rrpII6JIH)KeHHhIX KopoJHI, rrpe.n;eTaBHJI 3HaMeHIITOro 6aeHorrMeua; <l>pM.n;pMx BCTpenrn ero BorrpoeoM: ~ ThI rrpocf>eeeop f eJIJ1epT?
fem1epT. ,l{a, Bame BeJIIJqeeTBo. K.: AHrJIHHeKHM rroeJiaHHHK oqeHh XBa.JIMJI
Te6.H. 0TKy,n;a Thi pO,ll,OM? r.: 113 faliHMXa 6JIM3 <1>peil6epra. K.: CKa:>KH MHe,
IIO)KaJiyifeTa, oTqero y Hae HeT HM o.n;Horo xopomero HeMeuKoro IIHeaTeJI.H.
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1777

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KOTopa51 IIOBep11Jia eMy I1 He IIO)KaJieJia MHJIJIHOHa, qT06bI IIOMOJIOAeTb l1 3a6epeMeHeTb OT BJIH51HI151 JIYHHbIX JiyqeH:! Cttu;HJitteu; DaJib3aMo, H3BecTHbIH rro.n:
HMeHeM rpacpa KaJIHOCTpo, HaqaJI CBOIO 6JieCT51IIIYIO Kapbepy rrJiyTa B HeMeu;KHX Kpyrax, B M11TaBe B KypJI51HAHH. TaM ero nocTOp)KeHHa51 IIOKJIOHHHU:a
r-)Ka cpoH PeKe 51BHJiacb H ero o6JIIfl:IHTeJibHHU:ei1:. B rreptto.n: BbICIIIeii CJiaBbI

qy-

JlOAe51, BO BpeM51 3HaMeHHTOH rraptt)KCKOH HCTOpHH 0)KepeJib51, TaK CHJibHO
11onpe.n:ttnIIIei1: MapttH-AttTyatteTTe, feTe BbICTaBHJI ero Ha cu;etty B cnoeM

~ f poc-KocpTa». OH 11cqe3 BIIOCJie.n:cTBI1I1 B TIOpbMax pHMCKOH I1HKBI13I1U:I1I1.

I la

rrp11Mepe KaJIHOCTpo MbI MO)KeM BHAeTb, KaKoe o6a51HHe Ha MeqTaTeJibHO-

peJI11r1103Hbie YMbl rrpOI13BOAHJia MHCTHKa I1 IIIapJiaTaHCKa51 TaHHCTBeHHOCTb.

82
JiacpaTep, KOTOporo Mbl CMeJIO MOJKeM C1II1:TaTb )];OCTOUHell:nrnM rrpe,n:CTaBIITeJieM pemirH03Horo HarrpaBJieHH.s:i: BpeMem1, rnep,n:o 11 yrropHo Bep11JI B -ciy.n:ornopHyIO CHJIY KaJI11ocTpo. «KaJI11ocTpo 6bIJI 6bI BeJiwra:ttIIIl1M lfeJioBeKoM, BOCKJI11uaeT OH, -

Tbl~. B

1781

eCJil1 6bI Mor oueHl1Tb BCe BeJil11Il1e eBaHreJibCKOll rrpOCTO-

r. JiacpaTep OTbICKaJI -ciy,n:o,n:e.s:i: B CTpac6ypre; HO KammCTpo

BCTpeTl1JI ero )];OBOJibHO rpy6o: «KTo 113 Hae yMHee? -

CKa3aJI OH. -

EcJIM

Bbl, TO BaM MeH.s:i: He HYJKHO, eCJIM R, TO MHe Bae He Ha,n:o~. JiacpaTep IIl1TaJI
TaKJKe rey6oKoe yBaJKeHMe K facHepy. «IlycTb .ll:YIIIM HaIIIM coo6iuaIOTC.sI TMXOTMXO, -

IIl1CaJI OH eMy. -

CBeT He,n:OCTOl1H, 1IT06bI Mbl 6pOCaJil1 K HOraM ero

CHJIY EoJK11IO~. CyeBepHbIH u10pnxcKMH rrpopoK -ciaCTo ,n:eJiaJic.s:i: JKeprnoll: HM3KIIX Ml1CTHcp1maunii: TaK, IIOJIOYMHbIR BeHCKl1H rpacp TyH paccKa3aJI eMy MCTOp11IO 0 rroceiueHMl1 ero ,n:yxoM o,n:Horo eBpeiICKOfO -ciepHOKH111KHMKa fa6JIM,n:oHa, yMepIIIero .n:o P. X., 11 JiacpaTep rroBepMJI. Ka6aJIJil1CTIIKa, Teococpo-aJIXMMM-riecKoe IIIapJiaTaHcrno cyiuecTBOBaJio B fepMaHMM .n:o XIX cToJieTMH.
O,n:H11M 113 rnaBHbIX a,n:errTOB ero 6bIJI y-qeHbIH -ciy,n:aK Eell:pell:c, reJibMIIITeTCKMH
rrpocpeccop, yrnepJK,n:aBIIIHH MeJK,n:y rrpo'IMM, 'ITO y Hero eCTb aJIMa3 BeCOM B

6400

KapaT, 3aJIOJKeHHbIH KMTaHCKMM MMrrepaTopoM.

Bee 3TH HBJieHHR 6bIJIM, rroBTop.s:i:eM, TecHo cB.s:i:3aHbI c MacoHcTBOM. 0KoJIO

1760 r.

B cpe.n:e 3TOfO MaCOHCTBa HalfaJIO pa3BMBaTbC.sI TaK Ha3bIBaeMoe

«TaiIHoe y-ciem1e~, yrnepJKLt:aBIIIee, 'ITO ,n:peBHRH TaHHaH My,n:pocTb Mo11ce.s:i: M
3opoaCTpa rrepeIIIJia, rrocpe,n:crnoM op,n:eHa TaMITJIHepoB, K KaKoMy-To Xp11cTMaHy Po3eHKpamiy. B 3Toii My,n:pocn1 3aKJII01IaeTc.s:i: rn:iIHa cp1rnococpcKoro
KaMHH, T. e. TaliHa rrpeBpaiueHHH He6Jiaropo,n:HbIX MeTaJIJIOB B 30JIOTO 11 np11-

,

roTOBJieH11e JKH3HeHHoro 3Jil1KCHpa. JI10,n:n, He JKaJieBI1rne Tpy,n:oB ,n:JI.sI rrpH06peTeH11.s:i: 3Toii My,n:pocn1, coe,n:IIHeHHoii c BecbMa peaJibHbIMII Bb1ro,n:aM1I (oco6eHHO MHOfO IIX HaXO)];IIJIOCb B BbICIIIMX COCJIOBIIHX), CTpeMl1JIIICb BCTynaTb B
JIOJKII, KOTOpbie IlOCJie ynpa3,n:HeHII.sI IIe3yMTCKOfO op,n:eHa rrarroll: KJIHMeHTOM
XIV (faHraHeJIJIII) B

1773

ro,n:y, c,n:eJiaJIHCb c6opHbIM rryHKTOM ocTaBIIIIIxc.s:i:

IIe3ylITOB. X1ITpbie o6MaHIUIIKII OCHOBaJIM TaK Ha3bIBaeMbie «BHyTpeHHIIe CMCTeMbl~

lI CMCTeMy «CTpororo

MCIIOJIHeHII.sI~,

r.n:e KpOMe Tpex rrpeJKHIIX CTerre-

Heii, o6pa30BaJIOCb MHOJKeCTBO BbICIIIIIX IIOCB.sIIUeHIIH II r.n:e c IIOMOIUblO pa3HbIX CMMBOJIOB, MeporJIMcpOB, KJIHTB M cpaHTaCTM'IeCKIIX uepeMOHMH OCJieIIJI.sIJIM II BO.ll:IIJIM 3a HOC 6JIII30PYKIIX, JierKoBepHblX JII061ITeJieii TaMHCTBeHHOCTM.
KaMeHIUIIKII «CTpororo MCITOJIHeHMH~ 6bIJIII o6.a3aHbI caMbIM CTporMM o6pa3oM
IlOBMHOBaTbC.sI

HelI3BeCTHbIM HalfaJibHMKaM, TaMHCTBeHHOfO r JiaBy KOTOpbIX

no-rilITaJIM no)]; MMeHeM Eques a penna rubra (pb1uap.s:i: KpacHoro Ilepa). 3TII
HalfaJibHMKII 6bIJIII HIIKTO lIHbie, KaK 1Ie3yMTbl, yrroTpe6JI.sIBIIIIIe BJIII.sITeJibHbIX
'IJieHOB 6paTCTBa .ll:JIH CBOIIX ueJieii. ,llapMIIITa,n:TCKIIH rrpM,n:BOpHbIH rrporroBe,n:HIIK lliapK, HII3KMH IIJiyT, 6apoH cpoH fyHJ:J;, HaKOHeu KaKOH-TO EeKKep, II3BeCTHbIH B JIO)l(a:x rro.n: IIMeHeM ,llJKOHCOHa, 3aHIIMaJIII rrepBoe MeCTO cpe,n:M Bcex

'

83

Ilana puMcKuiI K.nuMeHT XIV

84
3TlIX o6MaHllJJiKOB. )lJKOHCOH yrnepJK,ll,an:, lffO OH IIOCJiaH B fepMamuo TaMHbIMlI Haqan:bHlIKaMII Op,ll,eHa lI3 0JI,ll,-A6ep,ll,IIHa B lliOTJiaH,ll,lili, qT06bI rrpoII3BeCTlI pecpopMy B MacoHcrne. EMy y,ll,an:och B

1764 rDAY

co6paTb ,ll,JIB 3Toii 11eJIH

6paTbeB «cTpororo liCIIOJIHeHIIH:? Ha KoHrpecc B Kan:y 6JIH3 MbTeH6ypra.
3,ll,eCb rep11or KapJI Bpaym1rnell:rcKiill: 6bIJI Hs6paH rpoccMell:cTepoM. )lJKOHcoH yBepHJI, 6y.n;To <DpH,ll,pHx BeJIHKHii rrpecJie,ll,yeT ero, Ii rroToMy Bo BpeMH
KOHrpecca pacCTaBliJI CTpaJKy li3 6paTbeB B BOopyJKeHlilI TaMilJIHepoB; IIOKa
OHM o6be3JKan:JI KpyroM naTpyJieM, a rrpoqlie qJieHbl saHlIMa.J1:lICb CBOHMH KOMn:qHo-BaJKHbIMH u;epeMOHH5IMH, OH saxBaTHJI BCIO Kacey op,ll,eHa li Hcqe3 c
HeIO. l1esyn:To-apMCTOKpan1qecKaH TeH,ll,eHIJ;HH CHCTeMbl «CTpororo MCIIOJIHeHM.H:? BCTpeTIIJia CMJibHYIO OIIII03MIJ;MIO co CTOpOHbl 6oJiee JIII6epan:bHOro MaCOHCTBa li Ha 6oJibIIIOM KOHBeHTe KaMeHIIJ;MKOB B flMJibreJibMC6a.z:i;e 6JIJl3 faHay B

1782

r. 6bIJia COBeprneHHO rro6eJK,ll,eHa rrapTMeii, HaXO.ll;HBIIIeiic.H 110,ll,

rrpe,a:BO,ll,MTeJibCTBOM l1. l1. K. Ba,ll,e M <Dpeiirepa cpoH Kmrne. BsaMeH ee .z:vrn
HeMeu;KMX JIOJK 6bIJia rrpMHHTa CMCTeMa TaK Ha3bIBaeMoro 3KJieKTMqecKoro
MaCOHCTBa. fJiaBbl 3TOM CliCTeMbl OTKpblTO o6b.HBJI.HJIH, lfTO u;eJib op,ll,eHa YHMqToJKeHIIe BCeB03MOJKHOro cyeaepH.H M BC.HKOrO po,ll,a ,ll,eCIIOTII3Ma.

B 3TOM MaCOHCTBO CXOAMJIOCb c Op,ll,eHOM IIJIJIIOMMHaTOB, OCHOBaHHbIM B
1776 r. HHroJibMTCKMM rrpocpeccopoM A;.i;aMoM BeiicrayrrTOM M czy,a:emoM UBaKOM. YJKe B 1778 r. IIJIJIIOMIIHaTbI HacqMTbIBan:M 12 JIOJK a BaaapMII, <DpaHKOHMM M TIIpOJ1e; MeJK,ll,Y MX a,ll,eIITaMH 6bIJIM JIIO,ll,lI BpO,ll,e 30HHeHcpeJibCa B
BeHe. l1JIJIIOMMHaTcrno 6bIJIO coaeprnettHoii rrpoTMBOIIOJIOJKHOCTbIO MesyIITCTBy. l1esyMTbI CTaBMJIM caoero u;eJibIO pacrrpocTpaHeHIIe u;apcTBHH BoJKII.H, 1rnJIIOM1rnaThI -

«ycoaeprneHCTBOBaHIIe lfeJIOBeKa:?, notreMy OHM M Ha3blBa.J1:MCb

CHa"IJan:a nepcpeKTM6MJiliCTaMM. )lJIH ,ll,OCTlIJKeHli.H 3TOM 11eJIM OHM ClflITan:lI Heo6xo,ll,HMbIM COI03 JIIO,ll,eii acex COCJIOBMM, 6es pa3JiliqM.H MX peJIMrM03HbIX
y6eJK,ll,eHlIM li liCIIOBe,ll,aHHM. IlpocaemeHHe ,ll,OJIJKHO 6bIJIO pacnpocTpaH.HTbC.H
BO BCex KJiaccax o6mecTBa, rocy,ll,apli ,ll,OJIJKHhl HaXO,ll,MThCH IIOA BJIM.HHMeM
op,a:eHa: lIX CJie,ll,OBan:O oKpyJKaTb 6paTb.HMlI op.n;eHa, JIIOAbMM HCilbITaHHOH
lfeCTHOCTli, JII06.HIIJ;HMH rrpaB,ll,y Ii ,ll,OCTaToqHo MyJKecTBeHHbIMII, lffOObl OTKpbITO
roBopliTb ee seMHbIM BJia,ll,bIKaM. Kmffre, 6Jiaro,a:ap.H caoeMy IIOJIHOMY sHaKoMcrny c MaCOHCTBOM, .n:an: llJIJIIOMHHaTCTBY 6oJiee rrpoqHyIO opraHH3allliIO Ii CTapan:c.H CJillTh TeH,ll,eHIJ;lili liJIJIIOMHHaTOB co CTpeMJieHlIHMli CB06o,a:HbIX KaMeHIIJ;lIKOB; HO HesyHTaM H rroKJIOHHHKaM PoaeHKpatt11a, rocrro,ll,CTBOBaBIIIHM rrpH
6aBapcKoM ,ll,Bope, y.n;aJIOCb c,a:epJKaTb pa3BHTHe HJIJIIOMHHaTcrna. YJKe B

1784 r.

6bIJIO o6nHBJieHo o6mee aarrpemeHHe TaHHbIX op,ll,eHoB, B cJie,ll,yromeM

ro,a:y o6mecTBO HJIJIIOMMHaTOB 6hIJIO sanpemeHo B oco6eHHOCTH. Ero Haqan:bHIIKH IIO,ll,BeprJIHCb OJKecToqeHHbIM rotteHli.HM. Ilo,ll, MaCKOll rrpecJie,ll,OBaHli.H
llJIJIIOMHHaTCTBa 3Tli roHeHHH pacrrpocTpaHliJiliCb Ha Bee CBeTJihie B3rJl.H.lJ:bI, Ha
Bee 6Jiaropo.n;Hb1e cTpeMJieHM.H o6mecrna; OHM rnu6Ko pacrrpocTpaHHJIH crnpbIH

85
;:i;peBHe6aBapCKIIR MpaK II 3aCTaBJl.SIJIII BCex rrpoKJIIIHaTb ;:i;ypnoe yrrpaBJieHIIe
pa3npaTHoro Kypcp10pcTa KapJia-Teo;:i;opa. HII3KIIe rrnyThI, Bpo;:i;e ;:i;yxoBHIIKa
Kypcp10pcTa IIesyIITa Cf>paHKa II TaRHOfO COBeTHIIKa JimrnepTa, YAaJUIJIM OT
KapJia-Teo;:i;opa Bcex -qecTHhIX JIIO,a;eH:, rrpocBern;eHHhre rraTpMOTbI 6hIJIII BhITecHeHbI M3 yrrpasJiemur. ITpoHcKaM 3TIIX HelJ.OCTOHHhIX IIHTpn:raHOB cJie11.yeT
rrpn:rrn:caTh cpopMaJibHOe y-qpe1K11.ettn:e 6y11.To 6bI 11.Jl.SI HCKOpeHeHH.SI TaHHOH
epecH HHKBH3ll1(HOHHOfO TpH6yHaJia, sace11.amnero B I13BeCTHOH «IKeJITOH KOMHaTe:l> MIOHXeHCKOrD lJ.BOpL(a -

Tpn6ynana, KOTOpbIH rrpH"llMHIIJI CTOJibKO 6e;:i;-

CTBMR EaBapIIII.

A

MelK;:i;y TeM, IIMeHHO Ha 3TOR CTpane Jie)l(aJI TaKoii TOJICTblH CJIOR cpe;:i;-

HeBeKOBOR rp.SI3II, "l!TO KalKIJ.blR MaJIO-MaJibCKII 11.06pocoBeCTHbIR II rrpe11.ycMoTpIITeJibHblH rrpaBIITeJib 11.0JI)l(eH 6b1 6blJI BceMII CIIJiaMH CTapaTbC.SI rrpOJIIITb
JIY"ll CBeTa II IIOp.SllJ.Ka B 3TOT xaoc cyeBepm1, rpy6oCTH II 6e3HpaBCTBeHHOCTII.
IlYTemecrnne Pnc6eKa rroKa3brnaeT HaM, "l!TO rrponcxo.n;IIJio B To BpeM.SI B «6Jiaro-qecTMBOH:1> EaBapnn. «E10prepb1, "l!IIHOBHHKM, ;:i;yxoBHbie Jinu;a, cTylJ.eHThI n:
KpeCTb.SIHe 6paH.SITC.SI caMblMH CKBepHbIMH CJIOBaMII; Bee conepHH"llaIOT B IIb.SIHCTBe, Bes.n;e P.SllJ.OM c L(epKOBbIO CTOHT IDHHOK ll ny6JIH"l!HblH ,lJ;OM:l>.

11

B L(epK-

Bax, ll B IDHHKax, II B ny6JIH"l!HblX lJ.OMax c 0,lJ;HHaKOBbIM 6ecCTbI,nCTBOM .SIBJI.SIJIOCb caMoe rpy6oe Ilb.SIHCTBO, caMbIH rp.SI3HbIH pa3BpaT. «TyT CB.SIIIJ;eHHIIK rJia,lJ;HT pyKoIO rrpeKpactty10 rpy.n;b .n;eBymKM, noJiysaKpbITJIO HapaMHMKOM. TaM
cII.n;HT rrpeJieCTHbIH pe6eHOK n 11.ep1KMT o.n;ttoii: pyKo.H: "tJ:eTKM, ;:i;pyro10 -

rrp1iarr.

3Ta )l(eHIIJ;IIHa crrpanrnBaeT Te6.SI, 0,lUIOH JIM Thi c Hell peJIIIrnII: c epeTHKOM OHa
ne xo"tJ:eT IIMeTb ,a;eJia; Ta, cpe11.H 6y.H:noro pasryJia, B,a;pyr Ha"tJ:HHaeT roBopHTb
0 CBOHX .n;yxoBHbIX 6paTb.SIX, 0 CBOHX rryTemeCTBH.SIX K CB.SITbIM MeCTaM, 0
npHo6peTeHHhIX e10 HH.lJ;YJihreHn;H.SIX. HttTepecHa.SI cIJ,eHa rro;:i;o6Horo po.n;a
npoHsomJia B 3HaMeHHTOH IJ,epKBII CB. MapHH B 0THHHe: o,a;HH 6oraTbIM
CB.SIIIJ;eHHIIK nepe;:i; aJITapeM CB. MapHH OBJia.n;eJI 11.eByIIIKOM, 3a KOTOpo:II y1Ke
,a;aBHO roH.SIJIC.SI II KOTopy10 Mor IIOMMaTh TOJibKO B 3TOM CB.SIIIJ;eHHOM MeCTe:l>.
IT011.06Hoe 6Jiaro"tJ:eCTHe CTaHeT HaM COBepmeHHO IIOH.SITHO, eCJIH Mbl B3I'JI.SIHeM, KaKHM o6pa30M «cJioBo Eo1KHe~ rrporroBe,noBaJIOCb Hec-qacTHoMy 6aBapcKoMy Hapo.n;y. IlyTemecrneHHHK HHKOJiaH, rrpaB.n;HBOCTb KOToporo He rro11.Jie1KHT HHKaKoMy COMHeHIIIO, rrepe)l.aeT HaM B Ha"tJ:aJie

VI

TOMa CBOHX «IlyTe-

rneCTBHR:l> rrponoBelJ.b B "tJ:eCTb "tJ:eTOK, CKa3aHHYIO O)l,HIIM CB51IIJ;eHHHKOM

3 oKT516p.SI 1779

r. B EoreHraysette 6JIH3 M10ttxeHa. BoT ee Ha"llaJio: «TaK, TaK

xopomo, "lleCTHbie rroceJI.SIHe, JII06e3Hbie xpHCTHattel Otto TaK II ecTb, CB.SIThie
Y:eTKH rro6e1K;:i;a10T K03HH )l.h.SIBOJia. CB.SITbie "lleTKII -

3TO rroHCTIIHe 6H"ll lJ.h51-

BOJia, IIOHCTHHe AYXOBHbIH IIIICTOJieT rrpoTMB BCex BparoB. CB.SITbie "lleTKH :-ffo IIOIICTHHe Y)l.O"l!Ka, KOTOpo:II CB. MaTepb DOIKH51 BbITaCKHBaeT ll3 rp513HOM
Ab.SIBOJibCKOM JIYIKH II )l,OCTaB.11.SieT Ha He6o JIIOti;e.H:, IIO"llIITaIOIIJ;HX HX. 3To ocTpbIH 11.aMaCCKHH Me"ll, KOTOpbIM OHa OTpy61rna XBOCT )l,b.SIBOJiy. To"llHTe ero,

84
3TIIX o6MaHIIJJU<OB. )J;JKOHCOH yrnepJK,ll,aJI, qTQ OH IIOCJiaH B fepMamuo TaMHbIMM Haqan:bHMKaMM op.n.eHa M3 0JI.n.-A6ep,Z1,MHa B IlloTJiaH,ll,MM, qTo6bI rrpOM3BeCTM pecpopM)' B MacoHcTBe. EMY y.n.an:och B

1764 ro.n.y

co6paTh ,l1,llil amH: u:eJIH

6paTbeB «CTpororo HCIIOJIHeHMH~ Ha KOHrpecc B Kan:y 6mrn AJibTeH6ypra.
3.n.ech repu:or KapJI Epaym1rneiircKHH 6brn Ms6patt rpoccMeiiCTepoM . .llJKoHcoH yBepHJI, 6y.n.To <l>pM.n.pMx BeJIMKMH rrpecJie.n.yeT ero, M rroToMy BO BpeMH
I<OHrpecca paCCTaBMJI CTpaJKy II3 6paTbeB B BOopyJKeHIIII TaMIIJIIIepoB; IIOKa
OHM o6be3JKaJIH KpyroM rraTpyJieM, a rrpoqMe qJieHbl saHMMaJIMCb CBOMMH KOMMqHO-BaJKHblMM u:epeMOHMHMM, OH saxBaTMJI BCIO Kacey op.n.etta M Mcqe3 c
HeIO. l1esyMTO-apMCTOKpaTMqecKaH TeH,ll,CHU:MH CMCTeMbl «CTpororo MCIIOJIHe-

HMH~ BCTpeTMJia CMJibHYIO OIIII03MU:MIO co CTOpOHbl 6oJiee JIM6epan:bHOfO MaCOHCTBa M Ha 60JibIIIOM KOHBeHTe KaMeHIUIIKOB B BMJihreJibMC6a.n.e 6JIM3 faHay B

1782

r. 6bIJia COBepmeHHO rro6eJK,l1,eHa rrapTMeH, HaXO,ll,MBIIIeHCH IIO,ll,

rrpe.n.Bo,ll,MTeJihCTBOM

11. 11.

K. Ea.n.e M <l>peH:repa cpoH KnMJie. BsaMeH ee ,ll,JIH

HeMeU:KMX JIO)K 6bIJia rrpIIHHTa CMCTCMa TaK Ha3bIBaeMoro 3KJieKTHqecKoro
MaCOHCTBa. fJiaBbl 3TOH CMCTCMbl OTKpbITO 060HBJIHJIM, qTQ u:eJib op.n.etta YHMqToJKeHMe BCCB03MOJKHOro cyenepMH II BCHKOro po.n.a .n:ecIIOTM3Ma.
B 3TOM MacoHCTBO cxo,n:IIJIOCb c op,n:eHOM MJIJIIOMMHaTOB, OCHOBaHHbIM B

1776 r.

IIHroJihMTCKMM rrpocpeccopoM A,n:aMoM BeH:craynToM M cry.n.eHTOM Una-

KOM. YJKe B

1778

r. MJIJIIOMMHaThI nacqMThIBaJIM

12

JIOJK B EaBapMM, <l>pan-

KOHMM M TMpOJie; MeJK.n.y MX a.n.enTaMM 6hIJIM JIIO,ll,M Bpo.n.e 3oHHeHcpeJihCa B
Bene. l1JIJIIOM1rnaTcTBo 6hIJIO conepmennoH: rrpoTMBOITOJIOJKHOCThIO HesyMTCTBy. l1esyMTbl CTaBMJIM CBOeIO u:eJihIO pacrrpocTpaHeHMe .u;apCTBMH DOJKMH, MJIJIIOMMHaThl -

«ycoBepmeHCTBOBaHMe

qeJIOBeKa~.

noqeMy OHM M Ha3hIBaJIIICb

cnaqan:a nepcpeKTM6IIJIMCTaMIL )J;JIH ,ll,OCTM)KeHMH 3TOH u:eJIM OHM cqMTaJIM Heo6xo,l1,MMbIM COI03 JIIO,ll,ell BCex COCJIOBMM, 6es pa3JIMqM5J: MX peJIMI'M03HbIX
y6eJK,l1,eHMM M MCIIOBe,ll,aHIIM. IlpocnemeHMe ,ll,OJIJKHO 6hIJIO pacnpOCTpaHHTbCH
BO BCeX KJiaccax o6mecTBa, rocy.n.apM ,ll,OJI)J{Hbl HaXO,l(MTbCH ITO,l( BJIMHHHeM
op,n:ena: MX CJie,l(OBaJIO OKpy)KaTh 6paTh51MM op,n:eHa, JIIO,l(bMM MCIIhITaHHOH
qecTHOCTM, JII06HIUIIMII npaB.n.y M ,l(OCTamqHo MyJKecTBeHHhIMM, qTOObl OTKpbITO
ronopIITb ee seMHhIM BJia,ll,hIKaM. KnMrre, 6Jiaro,n:ap51 cBoeMy IIOJIHOMY sHaKoMcrny c MaCOHCTBOM, ,l(aJI MJIJIIOMMHaTCTBY 6oJiee rrpoqnyIO opraHM3aU:IIIO M CTapaJICH CJIMTb TeH,n:eHI.{MM MJIJIIOMMHaTOB co CTpeMJieHMHMM CBo6o,n:HbIX KaMeHIUHKOB; HO Me3yMTaM II ITOKJIOHHMKaM PoseHKpanu:a, rocno,n:cTBOBaBIIIMM rrpM
6aBapcKoM .n:nope, y,n:aJIOCh c,n:epJKaTh pasBMTMe MJIJIIOMMHaTCTBa. Y)Ke B

1784 r.

6hIJIO o6oHBJieno o6mee sanpemeHMe rniiHhIX op.n:enoB, B cJie,n:y10meM

ro.uy o6mecrno MJIJIIOMMHaTOB 6hIJIO sarrpemeno B oco6ennocTM. Ero naqan:bHMKII IIO,UBeprJIMCb OJKeCToqeHHbIM roneHM.sIM. Ilo.u MaCKOM rrpecJie,UOBaHMH
IIJIJIIOMMHaTCTBa 3TM roneHM.sI pacrrpocTpaHHJIMCb Ha BCe CBeTJibie B3rJIH,UbI, Ha
Bee 6Jiaropo,n:Hbie cTpeMJieHMH o6mecrna; OHII 111M6Ko pacnpocTpaH.sIJIII cTaph1H:

85
;::i;peBHe6aBapCKIIH MpaK II 3aCTaBJI.SIJIII Bcex rrpoKJIIIHaTb ;::i;ypnoe yrrpaBJieHrre
pa3BpaTHOro KypcpropcTa KapJia-Teo;::i;opa. Hrr3Krre rrnyThI, Bpo.n;e .n;yxoBHHKa
KypcpropcTa rre3yrrTa cDpaHKa H Taiinoro COBeTHHKa JimrnepTa, y.n;MIIJIH OT
KapJia-Teo.n;opa Bcex qecTHhrx JIIO.n;eii, rrpocserueHHbie rraTpHoTbr 6bIJIH BhrTecHeHbr H3 yrrpaBJieHH.SI. IlpOHCKaM 3THX He,ll;OCTOHHbIX HHTpHraHOB CJie.n;yeT
rrpHIIHCaTb ¢opMMbHOe yqpe)K,ll;eHHe 6y.n;TO 6bI ,ll;JI.SI IfCKOpeHemrn: TaHHOH
epecH HHKBif3HIJ,HOHHOro TpH6yttaJia, 3ace.n;amnero B H3BeCTHOH ~)KeJITOH KOM-

HaTe~ MIOHXeHCKOro ,ll;BOp1.1,a -

Tprr6yHaJia, KOTOpbIH rrpH1IHHHJI CTOJibKO 6e.n;-

CTBHH EaBaprrII.

A

Me)K.n;y TeM, HMeHHO Ha 3TOH CTpaHe Jie)KaJI TaKOH TOJICTbIH CJIOH cpe.n;-

HeBeKOBOH rp.SI3II, l.J:TO Ka)K,ll;bIH MaJIO-MaJibCKII .n;o6pocoBeCTHblH II rrpe.nycMoTpHTeJibHbIH rrpamueJib ,ll;OJI)KeH 6hI 6bIJI BCeMrr cirnaMII CTapaTbC.SI rrpOJIHTb
Jiyq CBeTa II rrop.SI)];Ka B 3TOT xaoc cyeBepII.SI, rpy6ocTII H 6e3HpaBCTBeHHOCTH.
IlYTemeCTBIIe PIIc6eKa IIOKa3bIBaeT HaM, l.J:TO rrpOIICXO,ll;HJIO B TO BpeM.SI B ~6Jia­

roqecnrnoii:~ EaBapIIII. ~Eroprepb1, l.J:HHOBHHKH, .n;yxoBHhie JIHU:a, cTy.n;eHThI

:rr

KpeCTb.SIHe 6patt.SITC.SI CaMbIMH CKBepHbIMH CJIOBaMH; BCe correpmPiaIOT B IIb.SIHCTBe, Be3.n;e PMOM c 1.1,epKOBbIO CTOHT illIIHOK II rry6JIHl.J:HbIH ,ll;OM~. 11B1.1,epKBax, II B illIIHKax, II B rry6JIII1IHbIX .n;oMax c O,ll;HHaKOBbIM 6ecCTbI.n;CTBOM .SIBJI.SIJIOCb caMoe rpy6oe Ilb.SIHCTBO, caMblM rp.SI3Hblll pa3BpaT. ~TYT CB.SIIUeHHIIK rJia,ll;IIT pyKoIO rrpeKpacttyro rpy.n;h ,neBymKII, rroJiy3aKpbITYIO HapaMHIIKOM. TaM
c11.n;IIT rrpenecTHhIH pe6eHoK II .n;ep)KIIT o,nHoii: pyKoil 1IeTKII, .n;pyroro -

rrpIIarr.

3Ta )KeHIUIIHa crrpamIIBaeT Te6.SI, O.n;HOM JIM Thi c tteii: pemirIIII: c epeTIIKOM OHa
He xoqeT IIMeTh .n;eJia; Ta, cpe.n;II 6yii:ttoro pa3ryJia, B.n;pyr Ha1IHHaeT roBopHTb
0 CBOHX .n;yxoBHblX 6paTbHX, 0 CBOHX rryTemeCTBII.SIX K CBHTbIM MeCTaM, 0
np1106peTeHHhIX ero IIHAYJihrenu;II.SIX. 11HTepecnaH c1.1,ena rro.n;o6noro po.n;a
np01I30mJia B 3HaMeHIIToii 1.1,epKBH CB. MaplIH B 0THHHe: o,nIIH 6oraTbIH
CB.SIIUeHHHK rrepe.n; aJITapeM CB. MapHII OBJia,[(eJI .nesymKOH, 3a KOTOpoii y)Ke
,a;aBHO rOHHJIC.SI H KOTopyro Mor IIOHMaTb TOJibKO B 3TOM CB.SIIUeHHOM MecTe~.
Ilo,no6Hoe 6JiaroqecTHe CTaHeT HaM COBepmeHHO IIOIDITHO, ecJIH Mbl B3I'JIHHeM, KaKHM o6pa3oM ~CJIOBo DO)l(He~ rrporroBe.n;oBaJIOCh necqacTHoMy 6aBapCKOMY Hapo.n;y. IlyTemecTBeHHHK HHKOJiaII, rrpaB,ll;IIBOCTb KOToporo He IIO,[(Jie)KHT HIIKaKoMy COMHeHIIIO, rrepe.n;aeT HaM B Hal.J:aJie

VI

TOMa CBOHX ~IlyTe­

rneCTBHH~ rrporroBe,l(b B 'IeCTb l.J:eTOK, CKa3aHHYIO O,ll;HIIM CBHIUeHHHKOM

3 OKT.SI6pH 1779 r.

B Eorenray3ene 6JIH3 Mronxena.

BOT

ee Hal.J:aJio: %TaK, TaK

xopomo, qecTHbie rroceJI.SIHe, JII06e3Hhie xpHCTHane! Ono TaK II ecTb, CBHThie
Y:eTKII rro6e)K,naroT K03HH ,ll;b.SIBOJia. CB.SITbie qeTKH -

3TO rroncTHHe 6nq ,l(b.SI-

BOJia, IIOIICTHHe .nyxoBHblll IIHCTOJieT IIpOTHB Bcex BparoB. CB.SITbie qeTKH :no IIOHCTHHe y.n;oqKa, KOTopoii: CB. MaTepb DO)KH.SI BbITaCKHBaeT H3 rpH3HOH
[{MIBOJibCKOH JIY)KH II ,l(OCTaB.II.SieT Ha tte6o JIIO.n;eii:, IIOl.J:IITaIOIUIIX HX. 3TO ocTpbIH ,naMaCCKIIll Me'I, KOTOpbIM OHa OTpy6IIJia XBOCT ,ll;bHBOJiy. Toq11Te ero,

84
3TIIX o6MaHIIJJU<OB. )J;JKOHCOH yrnepJK,UaJI, qTQ OH IIOCJiaH B f epMamuo TaMHbIMH HaqaJibHHKaMH op.uetta H3 0JI.u-A6ep,UHHa B IlloTJiaH,UHH, qTo6bI rrpOH3BeCTH pecpopM)' B Macottcrne. EMY y.uan:och B

1764 ro.uy

co6paTb ,[(JUI 3TOH u:eJIH

6paTheB -«CTpororo HCIIOJIHCHHH~ Ha KOHrpecc B Kan:y 6JIH3 AJibTett6ypra.
3.uech repu:or KapJI Epaym1rneii:rcKHii 6b1JI M36paH rpoccMeii:cTepoM. ,lJ;.IKOHcoH yBepHJI, 6y.uTo <l>pn.upnx BeJIIIKHii rrpecJie.uyeT ero, II rroToMy BO BpeMH
KOHrpecca paCCTaBIIJI CTpa.IKy II3 6paTbeB B BOopy.IKeHIIII TaMIIJIIIepoB; IlOKa
OHM o6'be3JKaJIH KpyroM naTpyJieM, a npoqne qJieHbl saHHMaJIIICb CBOMMM KOMIIqHO-BaJKHblMII u:epeMOHIIHMII, OH saxBaTIIJI BCIO Kacey op.ueHa II Mcqe3 c
HeIO. l1esyMTO-apIICTOKpaTIIqecKaH TeH,UCHU:MH CIICTeMbl -«CTpororo IICTIOJIHe-

HIIH~ BCTpeTIIJia CIIJibHYIO OTITI03IIU:MIO co CTOpOHbl 6oJiee JIM6epan:bHOro MaCOHCTBa lI Ha 6oJibIIIOM KOHBeHTe KaMeHIIlIIKOB B BMJibreJibMc6a.ue 6JIII3 fa-

1782

ttay B

r. 6bIJia COBepmeHHO no6eJK,UeHa napTIIeii, HaXO,UIIBIIICMCH no.u

npe,UBO.UIITeJibCTBOM

11. 11. K.

Ba.ue II <l>peiirepa cpoH Kmrne. BsaMeH ee ,UJI}l

HeMeU:KIIX JIO)I{ 6bIJia npMHHTa CIICTeMa TaK Ha3bIBaeMoro 3KJieKTMqecKoro
MaCOHCTBa. fJiaBbl 3TOH CIICTCMbl OTKpbITO o6'bHBJIHJIII, qTo U:CJib op,UeHa yttnqTO)l{CHIIe BCeB03MOJKHOro cyeBepIIH II BCHKOro po.ua .uecnoTH3Ma.

B

3TOM MacOHCTBO CXO,UlIJIOCb c op.ueHOM IIJIJIIOMIIHaTOB, OCHOBaHHbIM B

1776 r.

HHroJihMTCKIIM npocpeccopoM A.uaMoM BeiicraynToM H cry.ueHTOM UBa-

KOM. YJKe B

1778

r. IIJIJIIOMIIHaTbI ttacqHTbIBaJIII

12

JIOJK B BaBapHII, <l>patt-

KOHIIII II TMpOJie; MeJK.uy IIX a.uenTaMII 6bIJilI JIIO,Ull Bpo.ue 30HHeHcpCJibCa B
Bette. l1JIJIIOMIIHaTcrno 6hIJIO coBepmeHttoii npoTHBonoJIO.IKHOCTbIO IIesyMTCTBY. l1esyHTbI CTaBHJIH cBoero :u;eJibIO pacnpocTpatteHIIe :u;apcTBHH BoJKMH, IIJIJIIOMIIHaTbI -

«ycoBepmeHCTBOBaHMe

qeJIOBeKa~'

noqeMy OHM II Ha3bIBaJIIICb

CHaqan:a nepcpeKTH6MJIMCTaMII. )J;JIH ,UOCTHJKeHIIH 3TOH U:CJIH OHM cqMTaJIM Heo6xo,UMMblM COI03 JIIO,UeH BCex COCJIOBMH, 6es pa3JillqH,H MX peJIHfli03HblX
y6eJK,UCHHH H HCTIOBe,UaHMll. IlpocBemeHIIe ,UOJI)KHO 6bIJIO pacnpOCTPaHHTbCH
BO BCeX KJiaccax o6mecTBa, rocy.uapH ,UOJI)KHbl Haxo,n:HTbCH no.u BJIHHHIIeM
op.ueHa: HX CJie,n:OBaJIO OKpyJKaTb 6paTbHMH op,n:eHa, JIIO,UbMII HCIIblTaHHOH
qecTHOCTH, JII06HlllMMH npas.uy M ,UOCTaTOqHQ MyJKCCTBCHHbIMII, qTOObl OTKpbITO
roBOpHTb ee 3eMHbIM B.lla,UbIKaM. KHIIrre, 6Jiaro.uapH CBOeMy TIOJIHOMY 3HaKOMCTBY c MacottcrnoM, .uan: HJIJIIOMIIHaTcrny 6oJiee npoqttyro oprattMsau:IIro M CTapaJICH CJIHTb TeH,aeHI{J:llf lIJIJIIOMHHaTOB co CTpeMJieHIIHMII CB060,L1;HbIX KaMeHllllIKOB; HO IIesyMTaM M rroKJIOHHHKaM PosettKpaHu:a, rocno,n:cTBOBaBIIIHM npu
6aBapcKoM ,aBope, y,n:aJIOCb c.uepJKaTb pasBMTMe IIJIJIIOMHHaTCTBa. YJKe B

1784

r. 6bIJIO 060.HBJieHo o6mee sanpemettue TaHHbIX op.ueHoB, B cJie,n:yromeM

ro.uy o6mecrno HJIJIIOMHHaTOB 6bIJIO sanpemetto B oco6ettHocTM. Ero Haqan:bHHKH IIO,UBeprJIHCb OJKeCToqeHHblM fOHeHMHM. Ilo.u MaCKOH npecJie,UOBaHHH
lIJIJIIOMMHaTCTBa 3TH fOHCHIIH pacnpocTpaHHJIMCb Ha BCe CBeTJibie B3fJIH,UbI, Ha
Bee 6Jiaropo,UHbre CTpeMJieHMH o6mecrna; OHM 111u6Ko pacnpocTpaHHJIII cTaph1ii

i

85
;::i;peBne6aBapcKIIH MpaK II 3acTaBJI5IJilI Bcex rrpoKJIIIHaTb ;::i;ypnoe yrrpaBJieHIIe
pa3BpaTHOro Kypcpropcrn Kap11a-Teo;::i;opa. HII3KIIe rrnyThI, Bpo;::i;e ;::i;yxoBHIIKa
KypcpropcTa lie3yIITa cDpaHKa lI TaHHOro COBeTHlIKa JimmepTa, YAaJilIJilI OT
Kap11a-Teo;::i;opa scex qecTHhIX 1110.n.eiI, rrpocserueHHbre naTpIIOTbI 6bIJilI BbITecHeHbr lI3 ynpaBJICHlI5I. IlpOlICKaM 3TMX He,ll.OCTOHHbIX MHTpMraHOB CJie.n.yeT
nplIITlICaTb cpopMaJibHOe yqpe)l(,ll.CHlie 6y.n.To 6bI ,ll.JI5I MCKOpeHeHmI TaHHOH
epeclI lIHKBlI3Ml(lIOHHOro Tptt6yHaJia, 3ace.n.asmero B lI3BeCTHOH «)l(eJITOH KOM-

HaTe~ MIOHXeHCKOro )];BOpl(a -

TpII6yHaJia, KOTOpbIH rrpIIqlIHlIJI CTOJibKO 6e;::i;-

CTBlIH EaBapIIII.

A

Me)l(.n.y TeM, lIMeHHO Ha 3TOH CTpaHe Jie)l(aJI TaKOH TOJICTbIH CJIOH cpe.n.-

HeBeKOBOH rp5I3lI, qTO Ka)l(,ll.bIH MaJIO-MaJibCKlI .n.o6pocoBeCTHbIM lI rrpe.n.ycMoTplITeJibHbIH npamneJib ,ll.OJI)l(eH 6bI 6bIJI BCeMlI ClIJiaMlI CTapaTbC5I npOJilITb
JIY"CJ CBeTa lI nop51.n;Ka B 3TOT xaoc cyeBeplI5I, rpy6oCTlI lI 6e3HpaBCTBeHHOCTlI.
IlyremeCTBlie PIIc6eKa IIOKa3bIBaeT HaM, qTo npOlICXO)];lIJIO B TO BpeM5I B «6Jia-

ro"CJeCTlIBOM~ EaBapIIII. «Eroprephr, -Y:IIHOBHIIKII, .n.yxoBHhie JIMU:a, cTy.n.eHThI M
KpeCTb5IHe 6paH5ITC5I CaMbIMM CKBepHbIMH CJIOBaMM; BCe conepHlI"llaIOT B IIb.RHCTBe, Be3.n;e PMOM c l(epKOBblO CTOMT IIIlIHOK lI ny6JilI"tJHblM ,ll.OM~. 11 B l(epKBax, lI B IlIMHKax, lI B rry6JilI"tJHbIX .n;oMax c O)];MHaKOBbIM 6eCCTbI.n;CTBOM 5IBJI5IJIOCb caMoe rpy6oe IIb.sJHCTBO, caMbIM rpH3HbIH pa3BpaT. «Tyr CB5Ill(eHHMK rJia.l(lIT pyKoIO rrpeKpacnyro rpy.n;h .n;eByllIKM, noJiy3aKpbITYIO HapaMHlIKOM. TaM
CM,ll.MT npeJieCTHbIH pe6eHOK M .n.ep)l(HT O,ll;HOH pyKOH "CJeTKlI, .n.pyroro -

rrp11an.

3Ta )l(eHll(lIHa cnpam11BaeT Te65I, O,n:HOH Jill Thi c Heil peJIHnrn: c epeTHKOM OHa
He xo"lleT HMeTh ,n:eJia; Ta, cpe,n:u 6yiiHoro pa3ry11a, s.n:pyr naqIIHaeT rosopIITb
0 CBOMX .n:yxoBHblX 6paTb5IX, 0 CBOMX nyTe11IeCTBH5IX K CB5ITbIM MeCTaM, 0
np1m6peTeHHhIX ero lIH.ll:YJibreHIJ;M5IX. 11HTepecHa5I cu;etta rro.n.o6noro po.n.a
npoII30llIJia B 3HaMeHMToii u;epKBM CB. MapIIH B 0TMHHe: O.D.HH 6oraTbIM
CB5Ill(eHHMK nepe.n: aJITapeM CB. MaplIH OBJia,n:eJI .n:esyIIIKOM, 3a KOTOpoi1: y)l(e
.n:aBHO fOH5IJIC5I M KOTopyro Mor rroiiMaTb TO.llbKO B 3TOM CB.Rll(CHHOM MecTe~.
Ilo.n.o6noe 6JiaroqecTMe CTaHeT HaM COBep11IeHHO IIOIDITHO, ecJilI Mbl B3I'JI51HeM, KaKMM o6pa3oM «CJIOBO DO)l(Me~ nporrose.n.osa11ocb necqacTHoMy 6asapCKOMY Hapo,n:y. IlyTemecrneHHMK HIIKOJiaII, rrpaB.n;MBOCTb KOToporo He rro.n:Jie)l(MT HlIKaKoMy COMHeHMIO, rrepe.n.aeT HaM B HaqaJie

VI

TOMa CBOMX «IlyTe-

rnecTBMH~ nporroBe,ll;b B -Y:eCTb "CJeTOK, CKa3aHHYIO O.LJ.HMM CBRll(eHHMKOM

3 OKT5I6p5I 1779 r.

B Eorenray3ene 6JIM3 Mronxena.

BOT

ee Ha"CJano: ~TaK, TaK

xoporno, "CJeCTHbie rrocemrne, Jiro6e3Hhie xpttcT11anel Ono TaK II ecTh, CB.SITbie
Y:eTKM rro6e)l(,n:a10T K03HlI .LJ.b.SIBOJia. CB.SIThie qeTKM -

3TO rroMcTMHe 6M-Y: ,ll;b5I-

BOJia, ITOlICTMHe .n.yxoBHbIM IIMCTOJieT rrpOTMB Bcex BparoB. CB.SITbie "CJeTKM :no IIOMCTMHe y.n.oqKa, KOTopoii CB. MaTepb DO)l(M.SI BbITaCKMBaeT M3 rp.SI3HOM
Jlb5IBOJibCKOH JIY)l(M M ,ll;OCTaB.1rneT Ha He6o JIIO,ll;eM, rroqMTaIOll(MX MX. 3TO ocTpbIM .n;aMaCCKMH Meq, KOTOpbIM OHa OTpy6IIJia XBOCT )];b.SIBOJiy. To1rnTe ero,

84
3TIIX o6MaHIIJ;I1KOB. )])KOHCOH yrnepJK.n;aJI, lffO OH IIOCJiaH B fepMamuo TaRHbIMII HallaJibHIIKaMII op.n;eHa II3 0JI.n;-A6ep.n;IIHa B llloTJiaH,l.(lUI, llT06bI npmrnBeCTII paj>opMy B MacoHcrne. EMy y,n:anoch B

1764 ro,n:y

co6paTb

.zvm 3Torr UeJill

6paTbeB «CTpororo IICIIOJIHeHll.H~ Ha KOHrpecc B Kany 6JIII3 AJ!bTeH6ypra.
3,n:ech repuor KapJI Epaym1rneiircK11ii 6hIJI ll36paH rpoccMe:llcTepoM. ,l{JKoHcoH yBepHJI, 6y.n;To cDpII,n:p11x BemIKIIH rrpecJie,n:yeT ero, II rroToMy BO BpeMH
KOHrpecca paCCTaBIIJI CTpaJKy II3 6paTbeB B BoopyJKeHIIII TaMIIJIIIepoB; IIOKa
OHM o6be3JKMII KpyroM naTpyJieM, a rrpo1rne llJieHbl 3aHIIMaJIIICb CBOIIMII KOMIIlJHO-BaJKHblMII uepeMOHIIHMII, OH 3aXBaTIIJI BCIO Kacey op.n;eHa II IIClle3 c
HeIO. l1e3yIITO-apllCTOKpaTlllleCKaH TeH.n;eHUIIH CIICTeMbI «CTpororo IICIIOJIHe-

mrn~ BCTpeTIIJia CIIJlbHYIO OIIIl03IIUIIIO co CTOpOHbl 6oJiee JII16epaJibHOro MaCOHCTBa II Ha 6oJibIIIOM KOHBeHTe KaMeHIUIIKOB B BllJibfeJibMC6a,n;e 6JIII3 fa-

1782

Hay B

r. 6hrna coBepIIIeHHO no6eJK,.a:eHa rrapnreiI, Haxo.n;IIBIIIeikH 110,n:

rrpe,.a:BO)J;IITeJibCTBOM

11. 11.

K. Ea.n;e H cDpeiirepa cpoH KttMJie. B3aMeH ee ,l.(JIH

HeMeUKHX JIO)K 6bIJia rrpIIHHTa CHCTeMa TaK Ha3bIBaeMoro 3KJieKTHlleCKOro
MaCOHCTBa. fJiaBbl 3TOM CHCTeMbl OTKpbITO o6bHBJIHJIH, lJTO u;eJib op.n;eHa YHHlJTOJKeHHe BCeB03MOJKHOfO cyeBepMH H BCHKOI'O po.n;a .n;ecIIOTII3Ma.
B 3TOM MacoHCTBO CXO,l.(IIJIOCb c op.n;eHOM llJIJIIOMHHaTOB, OCHOBaHHbIM B

1776 r.

HHroJihMTCKHM rrpocpeccopoM A.n;aMoM Beii:crayrrToM H cry.n;eHTOM UBa-

KOM. YJKe B

1778

KOHHH II T:IIpOJie;

r. MJIJIIOMHHaTbI HaCtIHTbIBMII

MeJK.n;y

12

JIOJK B EaBapHH, cDpaH-

lIX a.n;errTaMll 6bIJllI JIIO,ll;lI Bpo.n;e 3oHHeHcpeJibCa B

Bette. l1JIJIIOMirnaTcTBo 6hIJIO coBepIIIeHHoii npoTIIBOIIOJIOJKHOCTbIO IIe3yHTCTBy. l1e3ylITbl CTaBIIJlll CBOeIO ueJibIO pacnpocTpaHeHIIe uapcrnm1 DOJKH.H, HJIJIIOMIIHaTbl -

«ycoBepIIIeHCTBOBaHIIe

qeJIOBeKa~.

IIOlleMy OHM H Ha3blBaJIHCb

CHatiaJia nepcpeKTII6IIJIHCTaMII. ,l{JI.H ,ll;OCTlIJKeHH.H 3TOM u;eJIII OHII ClJIITaJIII Heo6xo.n;IIMblM COI03 JIIO)J;eii BCeX COCJIOBIIH, 6e3 pa3JIHlllI.H IIX peJilII'll03HblX
y6eJK.n;eHIIH H HCIIOBe.n;aHIIH. IlpocBeIUeHIIe ,ll;OJIJKHO 6hIJIO pacnpoCTpaH.HTbC.H
BO BCex KJiaccax o6mecTBa, rocy.n;apH ,ll;OJIJKHbl HaXO)J;HTbC.H rro.n: BJIII.HHHeM
op.n;eHa: IIX CJie,ll;OBaJIO OKpyJKaTb 6paTb.HMH op.n;eHa, JIIO,ll;bMH HCIIbITaHHOM
qeCTHOCTII, JII06HIUIIMH npaB.n:y II ,ll;OCTaTOtJHO MyJKecTBeHHbIMII, tJT06bI OTKpbITO
roBopHTh ee 3eMHbIM BJia.n;h1KaM. KHIIrre, 6Jiaro,n:apH CBOeMy IIOJIHOMy 3HaKOMcrny c MaCOHCTBOM, .n:an MJIJIIOMl!HaTCTBY 6oJiee rrpOtIHYIO opraHH3aUIIIO H CTapaJIC.H CJIHTb TeH.n;eHUHll HJIJIIOMHHaTOB co CTpeMJieHMHMll CB06o.n;HbIX KaMeHIUHKOB; HO l!e3yHTaM II IIOKJIOHHIIKaM Po3eHKpaHua, rocrro.n;cTBOBaBIIIIIM rrpll
6aBapcKoM .n;aope, y.n;aJioch c,n:epJKaTb pa3BHTHe IIJIJIIOMIIHaTCTBa. YJKe B

1784

r. 6hIJio o6bHBJietto o6mee 3arrpemeHIIe TaHHbIX op.n;eHOB, B cJie.n;yromeM

ro.n;y o6mecrno HJIJIIOMIIHaTOB 6bIJIO 3arrpemeHo B oco6eHHocTH. Ero HatIMbHHKH IIO,l.(BeprJIIICb OJKeCTOlleHHbIM roHeHM.HM. Ilo;::i; MaCKOH rrpecJie.n;oBaHH.H
MJIJIIOMIIHaTCTBa 3TII roHeHMH pacrrpocTpaHIIJIHCb Ha BCe CBeTJibie B3I'JIH.n;bI, Ha
BCe 6.Tiaropoti;Hbie C1'peMJieHHH o6mecrna; OHII IIIII6Ko pacrrpOCTPaHSIJill CTapbIM

85
.n;peBHe6aBapCKHM MpaK H 3aCTaBJlSIJIH Bcex rrpOKJIHHaTb .n;ypttoe yrrpaBJieHHe
pa3BpaTHOro KypcpropcTa KapJia-Teo.n;opa. Htt3Ktte rrJiyTbI, Bpo.n;e .n;yxoBHHKa
KypcpropcTa He3yHTa <DpaHKa H Taii:ttoro COBeTHHKa JimrnepTa, y.n;aJIHJIH OT
KapJia-Teo.n;opa Bcex qecTHbIX JIIO.n;eii:, rrpocBeII1eHHb1e rraTpHOTbI 6bIJIH BbITecHeHbI H3 yrrpaBJieHH51. IlpoHCKaM 3THX He,n:OCTOMHblX HHTpttraHOB CJie.n;yeT
rrp1mttcaTb cpopMaJibHOe yqpeJK.n;eHHe 6y.n;To 6bI ,ll;JI51 HCKopeHeHH51 TaMHOM
epecH HHKBH3HI(HOHHOf0 Tptt6yttana, 3ace.n;amnero B H3BeCTHOH «JKeJITOH KOM-

HaTe~ MIOHXeHCKOfO ABOpl(a -

Tptt6yHana, KOTOpbIH rrp~HHMJI CTOJibKO

6e.n;-

CTBHH EaBaptt1I.

A

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JIY1:1 CBeTa H rropH.n;Ka B 3TOT xaoc cyeBepHH, rpy6oCTH H 6e3HpaBCTBeHHOCTH.
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ro1:1ecnrnoii:~ EaBapttH. ~EroprepbI, 1:1HHOBHHKH, .n;yxoBHbie Jinu;a, cTy.n;ettTbI H
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l1

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rrpttarr.

3Ta JKeHII1HHa crrpaillHBaeT Te6H, O,ll;HOH JIM Tbl c tte:H: peJIHfHII: c epeTIIKOM OHa
He xo1:1eT IIMeTb ,n:eJia; Ta, cpe,n:II 6yiinoro pa3ryJia, B,n:pyr tta1:11rnaeT roBopMTb
0 CBOIIX ,n:yXOBHblX 6paTbHX, 0 CBOIIX rryTernecTBII51X K CBHTbIM MeCTaM, 0
rrptto6peTeHHbIX ero MH.n;yJibrettu;H.SIX. HttTepecHaR CI(eHa rro.n;o6ttoro po.n;a
rrpoH30illJia B sttaMeHMTOM I(epKBH CB. MapIIII B 0THHHe: o.n;HH 6oraTbIH
CB.SillleHHHK rrepe.n; aJITapeM CB. MapIIH OBJia,ZJ;eJI .n;eByillKOH, sa KOTopoii: yJKe
.n;aBHO f0H51JIC.SI lI KOTopyro MOf IIOHMaTb TOJibKO B 3TOM CB51llleHHOM MecTe»-.
Ilo.n;o6Hoe 6Jiaro1:1eCTHe CTaHeT HaM COBeprnenno IIOH.SITHO, eCJIII MbI B3fJI.SIHeM, KaKHM o6pasoM «CJIOBo EoJKMe~ rrporroBe,noBanocb ttec1:1acTH0My 6aBapCKOMY napo,n:y. IlyTernecrnenHMK HHKOJiaH, rrpaB,ZJ;MBOCTb KOToporo He rro.n:JieJKMT HMKaKoMy COMHeHMIO, rrepe,naeT HaM B Ha1:1aJie

VI

TOMa CBOHX ~IlyTe­

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3 OKT.SI6p.SI 1779 r.

B Eorettray3eHe 6JIM3 MrottxeHa. BoT ee ttaqano: «TaK, TaK

xoporno, 1:1ecTHbie rroceJI.SIHe, JII06e3Hbie xpIIcTIIatte! Otto TaK H ecTb, CBHTbie
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3TO rrottcnrne 6II"lf .n;bH-

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,ll;b.SIBOJibCKOH JIY)KH II .n;ocTaBJIHeT Ha He6o JIIO,ll;eii:, II01:IHTaIOII1HX MX. 3TO ocTpbIH .n;aMaCCKHM Meq, KOTOpbIM OHa OTpy6ttJia XBOCT AbHBOJIY. TO"lfHTe ero,

MAGDESVRGVM.

MAf,llE6YPf

88
ToqIITe ero ycep,nttee! JlI06e3Hbie xpMCTIIatte! Eeihecb HM c Ah51BOJIOM, 6eihech
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qTo6bI OH He BOBJieK Bae B 6e3HpaBCTBeHHOCTb, 6eihecb B cy11py)l(eCTBe, qTo6hI He c,neJiaTbC51 11peJII060,ne5IMII, 110,no6Ho )laBIIAY, 6eihecb Ha cMepTHOM
o,npe, 1I60 TaM Ah51BOJI Bcero CIIJibHee. IlocJiyIIIaihe, 51 BaM paccKa)l(y OTJIIIqHhIM 11p1IMep Toro, Ha KaKIIe IIITYKII 110,ZJ;bIMaeTC51 Ah51BOJI ,na)l(e y CMepTHOro
o,npa CB51TbIX: 0,ZJ;HOM CB51TOM HaCT051TeJibHIIIl,e MOHaCTblp51 CB. Kn:apbl 51BlIJIOCb
11epe,n CMepTbIO CTOJibKO qepTeM, CKOJibKO ,nepeBbeB B TOM 6JIII)l(HeM Jiecy. 1ITO
)Ke c,neJiaJia CB51Ta51 HaCT05ITeJihH1I11,a? Otta B351Jia CB51Tbie qeTKII B pyKII, 11p1I3BaJia MaTepb DO)l(bIO Ha 110MOIII;b.
JihI -

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Ka)l(,ll;bIM c qeTKaMII B pyKaX. 1Irn OHM c,neJiaJIM? OHM CTaJIH 61ITb qeT-

KaMH qepTeii II BhirHaJIII nx BOH. BoT eme ,npyroii npIIMep. CB.HTM ttacT05ITeJihHII11,a 3a)l(r Jia ceMb CBeqeii BOKpyr CBoero CMepTHOfO o,npa, qT06bI He
110,n,naTbC51 ,ll;b51BOJibCKOMy HaBa)l(,ZJ;eHIIIO. 1ITO )Ke CJiyqnJIOCb? 1IepT 11orac1IJI
Bee ceMh cBeTIIJibHIIKOB. Tor,na CB51Ta51 HaCT05ITeJihHH11,a cxBaTIIJia CB51Tbie qeTKII, y,napIIJia IIMII qepTa no Mop,ne H BblfHaJia ero. JII06e3Hble XplICTIIaHe!
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3TO

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•

3.KrrIIMllI. dlecTaJI011,11,II cpe;:i:JI cIIpoT HII;:i:Barrh;:i:etta~ ( 1798 r.)

89
MoraeT, OHO oq1nu;aeT Bae OT rpexoB, sTo
Jiyqrnee cJia61ueJibHoe He6ecHoii: Jieqe6HIIllhI. Ho mo6e3Hhie xpIICTIIaHe! o,n;IIH
rrpIIeM 3Toro, xorn: It .n;opororo JieKapCTBa, He MmKeT BaM IIOMOqb, Bbl ,ll;OJI)KHbl
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qTo OHa He IIOMOraeT' He o6paru;aii:Te
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f. <DpaHI.J;. «JlOTTa cpOH
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B TO BpeMH, KaK B EepJIIIHe, eru;e TaK He,n;aBHo cJiy)KIIBrneM ueHTPOM rrpocseTHTeJihHhIX H,n;eii:, IIOCTbl,n;HO fOCIIO,l(CTBOBaJIO p03eH-Kpeii:uepOBCKoe TJIIOyMIIe
11 IIJIYTOBCTBO, B KeHIIrc6epre ye,n;IIHeHHhIM MbICJIIITeJib KaHT c03,n;aBaJI cIIcTeMy, c Hey.n;ep)KIIMOM CMeJIOCTbIO pa3pyrnamnyro BCe rrpe)KHee MIIpOC03epUaHIIe;
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90
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feHHHHfC H MHOrHe .upyrHe. BCIO)ly, HHOr)la IIO"l!TH pH)lOM, HBJIIDIHCb

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Peiitty MOJio.n;oro f eTe B

177 4 r.

c JiacpaTepoM H Base.n.oBbIM: f eTe, rrepeHOCHB-

IIIHH Ha rraHTeH3M CrrnH03bI Bech )Kap cBoeii rro33HH; JiacpaTep -

rroJIHeiinrn:iI

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3TH Tpll

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3. KnMMIII. «feTe M <Dpe.n.epHKa

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CBOe:ii JIIIqHOCTbIO, MO)KHO BII.ll,eTb no
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nRCbMY BIIJiaH.ll,a K .HK06R OT 10
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MRJibI:ii 6paT? ,l{o KaKoii cTeneHII c nepBoro B3rJIHJJ.a 3TOT qeJioBeK OBJia.ll,eJI
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cero,n;HHIIIHero yTpa
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TOro BpeMeHII, 3aB.H3aJI TecHyIO .npy)K6y c feTe R BnOJIHe BOIIIeJI B TOH no3Ta;
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c

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repuorcKOM ,ll;Bope, lJeM y UIOpHXCKHX KpeCTb.HH, KOTOpbie KaK-TO lJYTh He
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TonapHm;II f eTe 6bIJIII TaKJKe rrpIIBJielJeHbI B aTMoccpepy ero Beil:MapcKoro
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rrepe;::i; o6m;ecrnoM, co6paBllIHMC.H y feTe, KaKoe-To cnoe nonoe rrpm1sBe;::t;eHIIe.
B,npyr feTe BCKO'llIJI lI y6eJKaJI co CJIOBaMH: «qTO 3a .n;p.HHb HaIIHCaJI Thi
OII.HTb! 3To qepT 3HaeT lJTO TaKoe~. KJIIIHrep HIICKOJibKO He CKOHcpysHJICH,
CIIOKOMHO crrpHTaJI CBOIO PYKOIIIICb II sa.n;yMlJIIBO rrporonopIIJI: «CTpaHHO,
yJKe BO BTOpOM pas .H CJibillIY cero.n;mr TO JKe caMoe~. AcpepIICTbl II IIJIYTbl
TaKJKe JII06HJIII Be:HMap. TaM HBHJICH, HarrpIIMep, rnBe:Huapeu: KaycpMaH H3
BHHTepTypa, BIIOCJie;::t;CTBIIII JieKapb repHryTeHCKOfO 6paTcTBa, CTapaBllIHMC.H
pasbII'pbIBaTb poJib a la KaJIHOCTpo. Hat1. ,nBepHMII ero feTe Ham1caJI
CJie.n;yrom;yro HerrepeBOJ1.HMYIO Ha pyCCKHM .SI3blK 3IIHrpaMMy: «!ch hab' als
Gottes Spurhund frei mein Schelmenleben stets getrieben; die Gottesspur
ist nun Vorbei und nur der Hund ist ubrig bleiben~.

93

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11acJia)K)J;eHHR CTaJIH l!Hrn;e, 6Jiaropo.n:Hee. I1MR MaJieHhKOro ropo,lla, HMemnero
<IeCTb rrpHHHMaTb B CBOHX CTeHax B1rnaH,7la, feTe, fep;:i;epa H lliHJIJiepa, Hepa3pb1BHO CBR3aHO c 6Jiecrn:rn;HM rrepHOtI;OM HeMeUKOH JIHTepaTypbl.
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1
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IIITOJib6ep-

ra, B036y,n:IIBIIIeMy BIIOCJie,n:CTBIIH TaKoe CHJibHOe Hero,n:oBaHIIe ,n:pyra CBOHM
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TaM )Ke OKOHlflIJI CBOIO rrapa3IITHlfecKyIO )l(lI3Hb II faMaHH. 3TOT Kpy)l(OK CBOIIM
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XVIII

M Haqano

XIX

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TM.SI. HaM, xoJIO.l(HbIM 3IIIIroHaM, e,n:Ba IIOH.SITHbI qyBcTBa, o.n:ymeBJI.SIBIIIIIe o.n.ey
M3 ,n:aM Beii:MapcKoro o6:w:ecrna -

r-)l(y AMaJIMIO <Pott Boiirr. BoT qTo paccKa-

3brnaeT OHa B CBOIIX BOCIIOMHHaHH.SIX: ~nocJie rrepBbIX rrpe,n:cTaBJieHMM BanJieHIIITeiiHa Mbl He IIOHHMaJIII, KaK MOryT JllO.ll:H ,n:yMaTb 0 qeM-HII6y,n:h, KpOMe cy,n:b6b1 MaKca M TeKJibI, tta.n. KOTopo:ll MbI rrpoJIMJIII TaK Mttoro ropbKMX

95
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CMelllaJICH c BOCTOpJKeHHblMII
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«lllanKII JlOJIOiI! ~ -

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51

fOBOpIO 0 <DplIJlplixe JiayKrap.n:e (po.n:. B

1758 ro.n:y ).

MbI MOJKeM npocJie.ZJ:IITb 3.n;ech ero 6po.n;HJKHMqecKy10 JKM3Hb, 6J1aro.n:apH noJtpo6HoiI aBT0611orpacp1111, IIOHBlIBllleMCH B

1792-1797 IT.

BOT qm paccKa3bI-

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MIOHXEH

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paccKaSbIBallllCb cpaKTbI c HesyHTCKOH TO"'IKII speHIIH, c npIIMeCbIO MHO)KeCTBa CKaSOK II BbIJJ:YMOK.

c paHHIIX JieT B Hae CTapaJIHCb BCeJIHTb caMoe CIIJib-

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O.UHY IIHBHYIO -

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51

noMHIO, B nlIBHOH 36eprap.n.c-5yM "lfIITaJilICb ,ll;a)Ke
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ce6H

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APalIHCb Aa)Ke Ha yJIHue. BhISbIBaBIIIHH Ha 60.H: IIIeJI no.n; OKHa cBoero TipoTHB- ,
HHKa, c~aJI TialIKOii: TIO Tporyapy lI KpH"'IaJI: «Pereat

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5

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c 3TOH MaCKOH

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l

99
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ysaMH, KaK lI ycJiy)l(JIHBYIO ITOJIHOrpy.n;yro ropHR1:IHYIO~.
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MOJIHMH, o6Ha)l(eHHbie KHH)l(aJibl, rreCOl:IHbie 1:IaCbl, MepTBbie rOJIOBbl, ropHmHil
CIIHpT H -qepHbie cBe1:IH, KpaCKH H JieHTbl, KpeCTbl H KOKaptI,bl~. B optI,eH rrpoHHKJIO HeCKOJibKO cna6bIX Jiy1:Ieil: JIH6epaJibHblX TeH,n:eHUHll, HO OHM rrorH6JIH
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oH, Harrp11Mep, o MHHHaTIOpHOM BJia.Ll:bIKe csoero OTeqecrna rpacpe cpott fpeudi:Jrepe: « Y rpacpa 6bIJIO oKoJio 40 000 TaJiepos .n.oxo.n;a, a Me)l(.lJ.y TeM OH )l(HJI
110-uapcKM, .n;ep)l(aJI ra:H:,n:yKoB n rycap, Tpynrry rrpn.n:sopHbrx MY3bIKaHTOB,
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100
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HY rpacpy

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TaKIIM o6pa3oM eMy y,n:aJIOCb 3aHHTb .n:o 900 000 ryJib,n:eHOB~. IlpII no,n:rrHeHx
,n:eJiaJIIICb CaMbie rpy6b1e IIOJJ:JIOrII; qacTO JIIOLJ:ll, HWiero He CJlbIXaBIIIIIe 0 3aMMe,
HBJIHJil1eb rropyqIITeAAMl1 Ha 3Ha"l111TeJibHb1e cyMMbI.
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II.

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K qecrn 11Mrreparnpa ttyJKHO CKa3aTb, "llTO OH

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peii:HCKIIX ropo.n:ax. ~51 6bIJI CBIIJJ;eTe.JieM, -

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6

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101

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He.Met1iKue npoceemumeflu. - Hat1iuonaflb1laR Jlumepamypa. - Bullana. Jleccu11z. - Ka11m. - «Sturm und Drang». - Fepaep. - 06w,ecmeo
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r

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H XVIII

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1679- 1754)

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102

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HO pa3BllTOH CTpaHOH, CTpaHOH o6pa30BaHHOH par excellence,

f epMaHIDI

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B

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B

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qTo rrpocseTHTeJibHOe )];BJI)KeHIIe rrpO.HBHJIOCb .n;a)Ke B TeOJIOfllqecKOM cpe.n;e.
BbIIlle Ha rrpHMepe 3.n;eJibMaHHa Mbl BII,n;eJIJI, KaKIIM o6pa30M II3 IIIIeTIIqecKOM
ceKThI pasBIIJIC.H cKerrr1IqecKHH KpHTIIl.(H3M. Terrepb :>Ke MbI ys1I,n;1IM, KaK 3eMMep B faJIJie B rrpOTHBOIIOJIO:>KHOCTb rrycToMy xaH)Kecrny rrHeTll3Ma rrporrose.n;oBaJI rrpHHunrr cso6o.n;Horo HCCJie.n;osaHn.H. PasyMHhIM sam;IITHIIKOM sToro
rrpHHUHIIa .HBJI.HeTC.H II Eap.n;T' HeCMOTp.H Ha BCIO CBOIO CKJIOHHOCTb B IllapJiaTaHCTBy6; HO ero KpIITIIUII3MY He .n;oCTaBaJIO 6Jiaropo.n;HOll HpaBcTBeHHOll Bbl.n;ep:>KKII, OTJIII1Ia10meii PeliMapyca, asropa sHaMeHIIThIX ~BoJJbcpeH610TTeJih­
cKIIX OTpbIBKOB~. Ilo.n;o6Hhle TeOJIOfII BMeCTe c rrorryJI.sipHblMH cpHJIOCo¢aMH

t05
Bpo.n:e IllrraJib.ZJ:MHra, A66Te, IllTypl{a,
fapBeH, UMMMepMaHHa My:>KeCTBeHHO
6opoJIMCb rrponrn nepapxwiecKoro cpa1IaTM3Ma, rrpoTMB cyeBepMH M MpaqHoro

xaH:>KeCTBa; OHM rrpe.n:ocTaBIIJIM rocrro.n:crno Jm6epaJibHOMY 06pa3y MbICJieii o
peJIMI'M03HblX rrpe,n;MeTax, M3BeCTHOMY
IIO.[( 06IIIMM HMeHeM pal{ll0HaJIM3Ma, H
noceHJIH qyBCTBO TepIIHMOCTM B TbICHllaX cep,n:el{. B

To :>Ke caMoe BpeMH

;no.n:H, Bpo.n:e HorattHa Kottpa.n:a Mo3epa, Kap11a <Dpn,apnxa Mo3epa,
f110TTepa, A.

JI.

11.

CT.

cpoH Ill11el{epa H IOc-

Tyca Mesepa ( ~Advocatus patriae~ ),
11po.n:o11:>KaJIH Tpy.n:, HaqaTbIM B

XVII

BeKe IIycpcpeH.[(OpcpoM: OHM CTapaJIHCb

3. K.JinMm.

~necTaJIOU.U.II~

OCBeTJITb HOBbIM CBeTOM IIOHHTMH 0 rro!111TM1IeCKOH )l(H3HH, yCTaHOBIITb Ha1IaJia rpa:>K.n:aHCKOro rrpaBa, rro6opOTb Hen1paBe.[(JIIIBOCTb H HaCMJIIIe, B036y.[(HTb B CBOHX COOTe1IeCTBeHHHKax C03Hamre
rpa:>K.n:attcKoro .n:o11ra. Bc10.n:y, Ky.n:a rrpOHHKaJIH JiyqH IlpocBeIIIeHHH, BbI3bIBaJICH .n:yx MCCJie.[(OBaHMH II pecpopMaTopcKOH .[(eHTeJibHOCTII. IllpeK H IlJiaHK
IIOJIO:>KIIJIH Ha1IaJia 6ecrrpIICTpaCTHOH KpHTHKII B OCHOBY I{epKOBHOM, IllrraTTJlep M feepeH -

cneTcKoii, a 3iixropH -

KYJibryptto:ll MCTopnorpacpmr; BnH-

1<eJibMaH, CBOHMII reHHaJibHbIMII H3bICKaHHHMH B HCTOpHII IICKYCCTBa rrpM6aIHIJI K COBpeMeHHOH eMy JIH6epaJibHOH JllITepaType COKpOBHIIIa, KOTOpbIMH c
6Jiaro.n:apHOCTbIO l10Jib30BaJiaCb II033ll51 feTe; feiIHe OCTpoyMHOH paspa6oTKOH
1<JiaccHKOB .n:anaJI Hony10 IIHIIIY ryMaHII3My, fiase.n:oB H3fHaJI HS rre.n:arorIIKH
11 blJib TeOJIOfII1IeCKOM CXOJiaCTHKII H rrpOTMBOIIOCTaBIIJI eiI B CBOeM cpMJiaHTpO-

Il 113Me ryMaHHO-yTIIJIIITaPHYIO CHCTeMy BOCIIIITaHAA; BCJie.[( sa HIIM BblCTJIIHJI

6Jiaropo,n:HhIM HoraHH feiIHpIIx IlecTaJIOI{U:II (H3 QIOpnxa) co cnoeiI BeJIIIKoiI
pecpopMOH 3JieMeHTapHoro II peaJibHOfO o6pa30BaHHH, OCHOBaHHOH Ha MaTeMaTHKO-aHaJIIITHqecKOM MeTO.[(e rrpe.n:MeTHbIX ypOKOB, pecpopMOH, CTaBHIIIeiI
rnoero TBopu:a HapH.n:y c rrpoCBeTJieHHeMIIIHMII 6Jiaro.n:eTeJIHMH 11eJI0Be11ecrna.
EcJIH Mbl BCITOMHMM, KpOMe TOfO, KaKOH TOJI1IOK IIOJIHT~eCKOH II COU:IIaJibHOH
>K113HH, seMJie,n:eJIIIIO, rrpoMbIIIIJieHHOCTII II ToproBJie .n:aH 6bIJI rrepIIO.[(OM IlporneIIIeHHH, Mbl JierKO IIOMMeM BCIO HeOCHOBaTeJibHOCTb Harra.n:oK HaIIIero CTO.'ICTH5I Ha rrpocBeTIITeJibCKOe .[(BH:>KeHIIe rrpoIIIe.[(IIIero. IlepIIO.[( 3TOT, 6e3 COMHe111151, IIMeJI He.n:ocTaTKH n rrorpeIIIHOCTII. Ho cqHTaTb 3TH He.n:ocTaTKH ero cy11111ocTbIO -

3TO BCe paBHO, 1ITO C1IHTaTb CYIIIHOCTbIO XpIICTIIaHCTBa RBJieHIIR

upo.n:e IIHKBII3III{MII, II36IIeHIIH eBpeeB II CO:>K:>KeHH5I Be.[(bM!

106

K. M. BttJiaH,z:i;. CTapMHHaJI rpamopa Ha

Me.z:i;n

107
B HapoAHOH JIHTepaType rrpocBeTnTeJibCKoe HarrpaBJieHne rrpo.SIBHJIOCb
unepBbie B C01IHHeHHHX XprrcTocpa MapTttHa BnJI~a

(1733-1813) ns

06ep-

roJibIJ;reliMa B BepxHeli lllBa6nn. Brrpo1IeM, co1IHHeHH.SI BttJiaHAa HOC.SIT Ha
ce6e CKOpee cppaHu;yscKHH, 1IeM HeMeIJ;KHM OTITe1IaTOK. Kn:orrrnTOK BOCKpecHJI
llaU:HOHMbHYIO JIHTepaTypy H OTBeJI Il033HH AOCTOHHOe MeCTO B YMCTBeHHOH
>KM3HH HeMeu;Koro HapoAa. CB.SITOe BeJIHlJHe era rracpoca rrpHBJieKaTeJibHO AeliCTBOBMO Ha MOJIOAbie YMbl, HO era Il033H.SI He 3aTparHBMa caMOH BJIH.SITeJibllOH qacTH o6m;ecrna. JlIOAH BbICIIIero Kpyra, BOCITHTaHHbie Ha cppaHu;yscKHH

JI~ M BOCXHIU:aBIIIHeC.SI OCTpoyMneM BOJibTepa, He MOrJIH COlJYBCTBOBaTb ITCMMorreBCTBYIOiu;eMy xpHCTHaHCTBY rnopu;a «MeccH~bl». OHM He MOrJIH C01IyBCTBOBaTb H era a6cTpaKTHOMY TeBTOHH3MY' TeM 6oJiee 1ITO TOJirra 6esAapHbIX
llOApa)KaTeJieH BCKope AOBeJia AO HeJieITOCTH y)Ke H caMO no ce6e 6ecCOAep>KaTeJibHOe rrecHorreHHe «6apAMT».
fopa3AO 60JibIIIYIO rrpHBJieKaTeJibHOCTb rrpeACTaBJI.SIJIO HAHJIJIHlleCKOe Ha11paBJieHHe, rrpo.SIBHB111eec51 B AYIIIHCTOH rrpose CoJioMoHa fecHepa, a era
KYJibT APY)K6b1 orneqan o6iu:eli CKJIOHHOCTH KO BCHKoro poAa coIDsaM n TalillbIM o6iu:ecrnaM. Ily6JIMKe HpaBMJIHCb APY3b.SI, co6npaB111nec.SI BoKpyr «OTu;a»
rJieHMa, H OHa, KCTaTH, y)Ke 6JiaroCKJIOHHO CMOTpeJia H Ha MHO)KeCTBO BOA51llMCTbIX CTHXOB, BOCITeBaBIIIHX BMHO, H Ha COKpaTHlleCKYIO BeCeJiyIO AMAaKTHKY
lleTpa Yu;a, H Ha Me1ITaTeJibHo-cepbe3Hbie KapTHHbI rrpnpOAbI 3BMbAa XpnCTMaHa cpoH Kn:elicrn. Ho AeHCTBHTeJibHO )KHBOH HHTepec BbICIIIeMy o6iu:ecTny BHyrnan TOJibKO BttJiaHA, rrpoTHBorrocTaBJIHBIIIHH HAeannsMy Kn:orrrnToKa
pOCKOillHbIH peanM3M, -

BttJiaHA, H B rrpose H B CTHXax Bbipa)KaBIIIHMC51 c

TaKOH ITJIYTOBCKOH rpau;neli, c TaKHM OCTpoyMHeM, c TaKOH CHHCXOAHTeJibHOH
:1yKaBoli YJibI6KoM, 1ITO rry6JittKa c YAHBJieHtteM BbIHY)KAeHa 6b1Jia rrpnsHaTbrH, 1ITO «3TOT HeMeu; yMeeT rrncaTb He xy)Ke cppaHu;ysoB». BnJiaHA, KaK H3BeCTHo, ITOApa)KaJI CHa1IaJia KJIOITIIITOK0-6aHHepoBCKOMY cepacpH3MY H Aa)Ke
OT1IaCTH orrpaBAbIBM HacMeIIIJIHBOe rrpo3BaHHe «CepacpnsMa», AaHHOe 3TOMY
11anpaBJieHHIO fOTIIIeAOM, HO BCKope OH ITOH.SIJI CBOe HaCT051Iu;ee rrpH3BaHne:
OTKpbITb HeMeIJ;KOM JIHTepaType rrpH IIOMOllJ;H CBeTCKO-oCTpoyMHOM, 1IYBCTBeHllO-BeceJIOH II033HM AOCTYII B BbICIIIee o6iu:ecrno, Bos6yAHTb B CBeTCKHX cppaH-

rax,

B CKeITTHKaX M JierKOMbICJieHHbIX JIIOA51X C01IYBCTBHe K JIHTepaTypHoMy

JlH11)KeHHIO fepMaHHH. ).loCTH)KeHHe 3TOH u;eJIH 6bIJIO BeCbMa Ba)KHO AJI51 pasIUfT1151 HeMeIJ;KOH o6pa3oBaHHOCTH -

H3BeCTHO, KaKoe BJIH51HHe OKa3bIBaIOT

o6pa3oBaHHbie KJiaCCbl Ha JIHTeparypy -

H BttJiaHA BIIOJIHe AOCTHr ee; m6po-

nrn HCKYCCTBeHHYIO sao6Jia1IHYIO MaHepy' cocpeAOT01IHB BCe CBOe BHHMamte
11a >KH3HH, OH co3AM AJIMHHbIH pHA rro3TH1IeCKHX paccKasoB H poMaHoB, HattaBIIIHMC51 «llHaHOH» H «3HAHMMOHOM» (

(1766),

B «MaycapnoHe»

(1768),

1762)

B «faHAMHHe»

H AOCTHrIIIHH B «AraTOHe»

(1776)

H «06epoHe»

rnoero Bhicrnero pa3BMTH.SI. MHorne saMe1IaTeJihHbie TMaHTbI -

(1780)

He roBopH

t08
y)Ke o Macce 6e3.n;apHbIX rro.n;pa)KaTeJieii - rrpo.n;oJI)KaJil1 HaqaToe B11Jiatt.n;oM
rpau;1103ttoe orrpan.n;am1e qynCTneHHOCTl1 II 3.n;panoro qeJioneqecKoro CMbICJia.
CaMhIMl1 6JieCT.HIIJ;IIMII TaJiaHTaMII n aTOM po.n;e .HBJI.HIOTc.H: B11JihreJihM feii:tt3e, IIblJIKIIH 9HTY3IIa3M KOTOporo B03BbIIIIaeTC.H Beto ~llleM pOMaHe «Ap.n;IIHreJIJIO~ .n;o cou;11aJIIICT~ecKII penoJI10u;110HHhIX 11.n;eii:, 11 M. A. cpott TIOMMeJih,
KOTOpbIH B CBoeM 3HaMeH11TOM poMatte «IlYTellleCTBH.H no IO)KHbIM rrpOB11HIJ;lI.HM
<I>pattu;IIII~ cyMeJI coe.n;11tt11Tb aIIIIKype113M BHJiaH,ll;a c IOMopoM CTeptta.
Ho xoT.H HarrpanJieHIIe, c03.n;attttoe BIIJiaH,ll;oM, II 6bIJIO npoHMKHyTo JI116epMbHo-rrpocneTIITeJibCK11MII 11.n;e.HM11 (.n;o Toro .n;a)Ke, qTO My3eyc rrepe.n;eJibInaJI Hapo,n;Hbie rrpe.n;aHII.H 11 CKa3KII B 9TOM ,n;yxe), OHO BCe-TaKII He 6bIJIO B '
Cl1Jiax coo6IIJ;l1Tb conpeMeHHOMy ,ZJ;Bl1)KeHl1IO xapaKTep BeJI11qanoCTl1 II IICTIIHHOH rroJio)K11TeJibHOCTII. EMy tte.n;ocTaBaJIO ,n;JI.H aTOro cepbe3ttoro co,n;ep)KaH11.H.
3Ta 3a.n;aqa BbIIIaJia Ha ,n;oJIIO JIIO.n;eii: ropa3,n;o 6oJiee KperrKoro 3aKaJia: Jiecc11ttra II KattTa. O,n;11H 113 Hl1X 3aneprnIIJI rrpocneT11TeJibCK11ii rrepIIo,n; B ttau;110HaJibHOH Jll1TepaType, ,n;pyroii: - B HayKe.
HecpantteHHa.H KpIITIIKa foTrOJih,n;a 3ncppaIIMa Jiecc11Hra (113 KaMettu;a B
06ep-Jiay311u;e 1729 - 1781 rr.) ,n;aJia MorymecTBeHHhiii TOJiqoK pa3BIITl1IO HeMeu;Koro ,n;yxa; oHa pacKpbIJia rrpe,n; Hl1M ero co6crneHHbie c0Kpon11ma, 3apo,n;11Jia B HeM C03HaH11e ero Cl1Jlbl 11 ,ll;OCTOIIHCTBa. Jlecc11Hr qy,ZJ;HbIM o6pa30M
coe,n;11H.HJI B ce6e .HCHOe IIOHIIMaH11e nemeii:, qeCTHbie CTpeMJieHH.H 11 II3YMHTeJibHYIO aKTHBHOCTb. Ero rraTpHOTH3M rrpe.n;CTaBJI.HeT conepII1eHtty10 rrponrnorroJIO)KHOCTb rraTpHOTII3MY KJiorrrnToKa. Ott He cTpOIIJI ce6e KaKoro-To cpaHTacT~ecKoro II,n;eaJia repMaHH3Ma, HO Tpe3BO CMOTpeJI Ha nee He,n;oCTaTKII HeMeu;KOH )KII3HII II .n;e.HTeJihHO IICKaJI cpe.n;cTB K IIx yttHqTo)KeHHIO. KpIITHKa
JieccIIHra 6bma HarrpanJieHa rJiaBHbIM o6pa3oM Ha .n;na rrpe.n;MeTa: c o,n;Hoii crnpoHbI, Ha TeoJiorIIqecKyIO y3ocTb HeMu;en, c .n;pyroii: - Ha IIX pa6cKoe rro.n;pa)KaHHe IIHOCTpaHu;aM.
Ero cJiaBHa.H 6opb6a rrpoTIIB ryrroyMHoro H3ynepcrna, BOIIJIOTIIBIIIeroc.H B
JIIIIJ;e raM6yprcKoro rracTopa feu;e, 6eccMepTHa B JieTOIIIIc.Hx yMcTBeHHoii )KlI3HII fepMaHIIII. fepKyJieCOBCKIIe ycIIJIII.H JiecCIIHra BblpBaTb HeMeu;KyIO IJ;lIBlIJIII3aIJ;IIIO II3 TeOJiorwieCKOro 6oJIOTa II IIOCTaBIITb ee Ha 3,ll;OponyIO rroqny ryMaHH3Ma He yMpyT B rraM.HTII HeMeu;Koro Hapo.n;a. Ero rop.n;oe BOCKJIIIIJ;aHIIe
« Haii.n;IITe MHe y neJIIIKoro KopHeJI.H rrhecy, KOTopy10 .H He Mor 6b1 HaimcaTh
Jiyqrne erol ~ 3HaMettyeT co6oii: HaqaJio HOBOH cpa3bI HeMeu;Koro pa3BIITHH. JiecCIIHr He TOJibKO pa3b.HCHIIJI BCIO ITOCTbl,ll;HOCTb yMCTBeHHOH 3aBIICIIMOCTlI OT
<I>paHIJ;IIII, HO II ,ll;OKa3aJI, qTo TaKa.H 3aBIIClIMOCTb HeJierra, II6o OHa OCHOBaHa Ha BeCbMa IIIaTKIIX rrpIIHIJ;HTiaX. «JlaoKOH~ II «faM6yprCKa.H .n;paMarypnrn~
( 1667 -1668) JleCCIIHr - rrpOII3Be.n;eHII.H, KOTOpbie no crrpane,ll;JIIIBOCTII MoryT
6bITb Ha3BaHbl JIIITepaTypHbIMII rraM.HTHIIKaMl1 aCTeTIIqecKOH cno6o.n;bI HeMeu;KOro Hapo.n;a. OH C03,ll;aJI caMOCTO.HTeJibHbIH HeMeIJ;KIIH TeaTp: rrepe,n; Hapo.n;-

109
HbIMII TIIIIaMII ero 3HaMeHl1TOM KOMeJJ,1111 ~MlrnHa ¢oH EapHreJibM~ II He MeHee 3HaMeHl1TOM Tpare.n:1111 ~ 3Ml1JI11.H f aJIJIOTII~ rro6JieJJ,HeJil1 o6pa3U,bl faJIJIOMaHeKoro rrpHJIIfllMH. BeqHo HaeTopo)Ke, BeqHo roTOBbIM BeryrrIITh B 6oii,

Jiee-

eIIHr 6Jiaropo.n:Hoii e.n:ep)KaHHOeTbIO eme 6oJiee yBeJIJiq11BaJI .n:eiiernIIe CBoero
My)KeeTBeHHOfO eaMOIIO)KeprnoBaHl1.H. ql1eTbIM, eBeTJibIM, ::mepr11qHbIM IIOTOK
ero MbieJieii: rrpoHHK JJ.O eaMbIX OTJJ,aJieHHbIX yrJIOB ~aBrHeBOM KOHIOIIIHl1~ HeMeu,Koro ¢11JI11eTepeTBa. OH He oeJieIIJl.HJle.H HHKaKHM MHpa)KOM, He o6MaHbIBaJie.H Hl1KaKIIM IIp113paKOM, He eMyIIJ,aJie.H HHKaKOM eo¢IIeT11KOM. TBep.n:o,
HeyKJIOHHO IIIeJI OH Brrepe.n:, IIOII11pa.H HOfaMl1 H,a;OBlITbIX raJJ,OB MpaKa, BeIOJJ.Y nopa)Ka.H 6e3yM11e, B036y)K)];a.H, YKa3bIBaH IIYTh, rro.n:aBaH rrpIIMep. 3rn 6hm
nepBbIM eBo6oJJ,HbIM qeJIOBeK, rrepBbIM eBo60JJ.HbIM 11eeJieJJ,0BaTeJib, nepBbIM
rno60JJ.HbIM xyJJ.O)KHIIK fepMamm. OH XBaJIIIJieH eBoeii JII060BbIO K pOJJ.IIHe II
JJ.OKa3bIBaJI ee Ha Ka)KJJ,OM IIIary. Ho naTpIIOTII3M He IIeqepnbIBaJI eme Beeii
rroJIHOTbI ero .n:yxoBHoii )KII3HII. Beeo6neMJIIOIIJ,ee qyBeTBO, OTo)K)];eeTBAAIOIIJ,ee
HHTepeebI qeJIOBeqeerna e ero eo6erneHHbIMII, HaIIOJIHHJIO ero JJ.YIIIY' OHO npoJJ;IIKTOBaJIO eMy B noeJieJJ,Hm~ roJJ,bI ero )KII3HII ~HaTaHa My.n:poro~ (

1779) -

/l,lIBHOe npOII3BeJJ,eHIIe' IIeIIOJIHeHHOe He06bIKHOBeHHOro npeJJ,Bl'IJJ,eHMH 6y.n:yu1ero II paeKpbrnaromee rrpe.ll naMII yTeIIIIITeJibHbie 3peJIIIIIJ,a rpH.n:ymero ryMaHIIeTIIqeeKoro pa3BIITIIH qeJIOBeqeeTBa.

~HaTaH~ HeHO IIOKa3bIBaeT HaM BeIO rrpOTHBOilOJIO)KHOeTb II Bee rrpeBoeXOJJ,eTBO JieeeIIHfa HaJJ, K.n:orrIIITOKOM. B TO BpeMH KaK «MeeeIIaJJ,a~ K.n:orrIIITOKa rrpe.n:eTaBJI.HeT eo6oro IIOIIbITKY erraeTII peJIIIfII03HbIM aBTOpIITeT npII IIOMOlIIII II033IIII, «HaTaH~ JieeeIIHra Beero rrpIIJIIfllHee MO)KeT 6bITb Ha3BaH rrpOB03rJiaIIIeHIIeM He3aBIIeIIMOeTII pa3yMa' BeTyrraromero B eBoe u:a peTBO.

~MeeeIIaJJ,a~ 3aBepIIIIIJia eo6oii npoTeeTaHTeKo-TeOJIOflflleeKIIM nepIIOJJ. HeMeu:KOro pa3BIITI1H.

c «HaTaHa~.

B KOTOpOM, KaK B 3apOJJ.bIIIIe, 3aKJIIOqaJiaeb Be.H

HeMeU:KaH KJiaeeIIqeeKaH JIIITeparypa, OTKpbrnaeTe.H HOBbIM qeJIOBeqHo-eBo6o.n:llbIM nepIIOJJ.. IlpII IIOMOIIJ,II TeOJIOfIIqeeKOM II 3eTeTiflleeKOM KpIITIIKII JieeeIIHry
y JJ.aJIOeb 3aBoeBaTh pa3YMY eaMoernmeJihHOeTb. K TOM )Ke u:eJIII 6hIJIII HanpaBJieHbI yeHJIIIH 3MMaHyIIJia KaHTa (

1724-1804) II3

KeHIIre6epra. OH .n:oeTIIr

ee nyTeM eTporo ¢IIJIOeo¢eKoro KpIITIIU:II3Ma, KOTOpbIM JJ,aJI ero eIIeTeMe Ha:rnaHIIe KpIITIIqeCKOro IIJJ,eaJIII3Ma. f JiaBHeiiIIIee npOII3BeJJ,eHIIe 3TOro eMeJIOro
MbieJIIITeJIH, rrepeBepHyBIIIero BBepx JJ.HOM Bee rrpe)l(Hee MIIpOB033peHIIe II eoBepIIIIIBIIIero peBOJIIOU:IIIO B MIIpe MbieJIII, nepe.n: rpaHJJ,1I03HOeTbIO KOTopoii
6JieJJ,HeIOT Bee HBJieHIIH BeJIIIKOro ¢paHu,y3eKoro roey.n:aperneHHOfO nepeBOpoTa, eeTb ero

~KpIITIIKa qIIeToro pa3yMa~ ( 1781 ). 3Ta KpIITIIKa pa3pyIIIaeT

KaK npoeBeIIJ,eHHbIM JJ,eII3M, TaK II Bee opTOJJ.OKeaJibHbie cl>IIKU:IIII.
):{oBeJJ.H eBoii aHaJI113 .n:o nepBbIX IIeToqHIIKOB HaIIIero 3HaHIIH II IIeeJie.n:oBaB 3TII IIeToqHIIKII, KaHT eTaBIIT qeJioBeKa epe.n:oToqIIeM MIIpa. CaMoeo3HaTCJibHOe qeJioBeqeeKoe «H~ anpIIopII eeTb u:eHTp, o6yeJiaBJIHBaIOIIJ,IIM eo6oro Bee

110

I1MMattym1 KattT. CTapMHHM rpamopa Ha Me~M

111
rrpe,a:MeTbI KaK 06beKTIIBIIpoBam1e Toro )Ke 1103Haro:w:ero ~51~. HeTpy.n:Ho BbIsecTII llOCJie.l{CTBII5I :=>Toro llOJIO)l(eHII5I: qeJIOBeK He MO)l(eT CTaTb BbIIIIe qeJioseqecTBa, 1103TOMY BCe llOH5ITII5I B CBepxeCTeCTBeHHOM cyTb He qTo lIHOe, KaK
Hrpa ¢aHTa3IIII, llYCTbie 11p1rnpaKII, 11epeXO.l{5I:W:Me 110 11pe.n:aHIIIO OT 0.l{HOfO
IIOKOJieHII5I K .n:pyroMy II He IIMeIO:rn:Me 110.l{ co6o:H: HM MaJieMIIIeM peaJibHOCTII.

B cBoIIx 1103,a:HeMIIIIIX 11poII3Be.n:eHII5IX ~KpHTIIKa 11paKTHqecKoro pa3yMa~
( 1785), ~KpHTIIKa cy)l(.n:eHII5I~ ( 1787) KaHT cHoBa 11pH3HaeT orneprHyThie HM
B ~KpIITHKe qlICTOfO pa3yMa~ llOH5ITH5I Bora II 6eccMepTH5I KaK Heo6xo,a:HMbie
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1751-1826),

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BIIOJIHe rrpOHMKHYTbl MoryqnMH peBOJIIOl.J;MOHHbIMM H,ll,e.HMH eBoero BpeMeHM.
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feTe Ha3bIBaeT 3TO BpeM.H ~BpeMeHeM Tpe6oBaHn:ii; IIOTOMy, rOBOpHT OH, qTo
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K CBo6o.n:e MK rrpMpo.n:e Ka3aJioeh BeeM .n;eJioM BeebMa He TPY.ll:HbIM, Ka)K,ll,hIM
Boo6pa)KaJI, qTo 6e3 Be.SIKHX BHeIIIHHX BerroMoraTeJibHbIX epe.n;eTB HMeeT
,ll,OBOJibHO MaTepMaJia Ii eo.n:ep)KaHH.H B eaMOM ee6e II qTO Ha,ll,O TOJibKO
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(1749-1842) M3 <DpaHKcpypTa-Ha-MaiiHe.
feTe OCyll1eCTBilll Tpe6oBaHM.SI, KOTOpbie necCHHf Ii fep,n;ep CTaBHJIH HeMeU,KOMY reHMIO. Beeb xo.n: HeMeu;Koro JIMTepaTypHoro pa3BHTM.H rro.n;roTaBJIMBaJI
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peaJibHOM MaTepMaJie - Bee 3TO AaJI eBoeMy Hapo.n;y aBTOp ~reu;a cpoH EepJIMXMHreHa~ ( 1773) M ~CTpa.n:aHn:ii MOJIO,ll,oro BepTepa~ ( 1774). 3TM rrpoH3Be.n;eHMH, HarrMeaHHbie Jiyqrne:H KpOBblO Toro BpeMeHH II, HeeMoTp.H Ha BeIO
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119

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npoH3BeJJ:eHHM, COCTaBJI5IIOll1;eM ropJJ:OCTb HeMeu;Koro Hapona ll rrpeJJ:CTaBJI5IIOw;eM BeJiffqanmee coanattHe eBporreiicKo:H: II033HH - B «<l>ayCTe». Bee 3TO
CJIMIIIKOM xopOIIIO ll3BeCTHO Ka)KJJ:OMy o6pa30BaHHOMY qeJIOBeKy, TaK qTQ HaM
HeT HaJJ:06HOCTM pacrrpocTpaIDITbC51 06 3TOM.
PanoM c feTe rrpoJJ:OJI)KaTeJieM ero ne51TeJibHOCTH, yqacTHHKoM ero cJiaBhI 51BJI5IeTca MoraHH XpHcTocp <Dp11np11x lliMJIJiep ( 17 59-1805) 11s Map6axa
B HH)Ktte:H: IIIBa61111. Ero rrepBbie rrpo11ssenett11a rrp1rnanJie)KaT K rrep11ony
4: 5ypH H B11xpa». THTaHHqecKHe cTpeMJieHHa 3Toro rrep11ona HaIIIJIM oTroJiocoK B ero «Pas6oiiHHKaX» ( 1781), «<l>HeCKO», «KosapcTBe 11 JII06BM». MsyqeHH:e IICTOpMM ll KaHTOBCKOH cpIIJIOCOcpIIII 6bIJIO CTOJib )Ke 6JiaroneTeJibHO ll:Jl51
MOJIOJJ:OfO II03Ta, KaK saH51TII51 ecTeCTBeHHbIMII HayKaMl:I, usyqeHue l:ITaJlb51HCKOH .rrpupOJJ:bI H npeBHl:IX o6pasu;oB ucKyccTBa JJ:JI51 feTe. «llott KapJioc» u
nucbMa o6 3CTeTff'leCKOM o6pasoBaHfflf qeJioseKa sHaMettyIOT rrepexon IlIMJIJiepa

HIOPHBEPf

122

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JieM~ B IIOJIHOH CMJie CBOero reHM.fl: «C BbICOTbl qeJIOBeqecKoro 6bITM.fl OH rrp.s:cMO
rrepellleJI K BeqHOMY 6Jia)KeHCTBY~c feTe. BMeCTe c HMM B

1797

c

1794 r.

OH 6bIJI CB.S:C3aH TeCHOH .n;py)K6oii:

ro.zw BeJI OH CBOH «BeJIMKMH cy,ZJ;~ Ha,ZJ; BC.S:CKOH

HM30CTbIO, IIO,ZJ;JIOCTbIO M ra,ZJ;OCTbIO B JIMTepaType, M3BeCTHbIH IIO,ZJ; MMeHeM
«60pb6bI MHeHMH~. KaK BO B3aMMHbIX OTHOllleHM.S:CX feTe M lliMJIJiepa, TaK M
B MX rrpoMsBe,ZJ;eHM.s:cx peaJIM3M O,ZJ;Horo cJiy)KMT AOIIOJIHeHMeM M,ZJ;eaJIM3MY APYroro, K BeJIMKOMY 6Jiary HeMeu,Koro pa3BMTM.fl. B COBOKYIIHOCTM OHM rrpe,ZJ;CTaBJI.f[JIM JiyqllIMH U,BeT HOBeii:I11ero 3JIJIMHCTBa, rpeqecKM-6JiaropOAHYIO cpopMy,
rrpoHMKHYTYIO HeMeU,KMM AYXOM. Ho, HeCMOTp.S:C Ha TeCHbIM COI03, o6a OHM
BbIIIOJIH.S:CJIM CBOe rrpM3BaHMe BeCbMa HeCXO,ll;HblM o6pa30M. feTe, KaK BIIOJIHe
CB060,ZJ;Hb1H xy,ZJ;O)KHMK, 3aBeplllaeT co6oii: rrepMo.n; 3CTeTMqecKOfO pa3BMTM.fl HeMeU,KOH Ky JlbTYPbI. B lliMJIJiepe Mbl BM,ZJ;MM rrepexo,ZJ; OT M,ZJ;eM KpacOTbl K M,ZJ;ee
CB060,ZJ;bl, OT CB060,ZJ;H0f0 MCKyccrna K CB060,ZJ;HOMy rocy,ZJ;apcrny, OT CB06o.n;Horo
qeJIOBeKa K CB060,ZJ;HOMY rpa)K,ZJ;amrny. feTe excelence, lIIMJIJiep -

HeMeU,KMM xy,ZJ;O)KHMK pat

HeMeu;KMii rrpopoK, Ha saKaTe )KM3HM eme pas saMe-

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«Kor,ZJ;a KOpOJIM CTpO.S:CT -

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123
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BHPTY03 B .n.paMe H B pa3JIHtIHbIX IIO,ll,JIOCT.sIX, -

BOT KaKOBbl 6hIJIH rro.n.paJKa-

TeJIII IOHOIIIeCKIIX rrp01I3Be,ll,eHIIM feTe II lliHJIJiepa, HaBO.ZJ;mIBIIIHe CBOIIMII coqHHeHH.sIMII H TeaTp, H JIIITeparypy. lfape.n.Ka IIO.HBJI.HJIC.H IllICaTeJih Bpo.n.e feM:Hplixa l.JIIIOKe (

1771-1846),

B03BblIIIaBIIIHMC.H OT IIOJIHOro rro.n.paJKaHH.H ,ll,O

cqacTJIIIBOM II rroJie3HOM rrorryJI.Hp1I3aIJ;IIH ryMaHHhIX 1I.n.eM: KJ1acc1IKOB. Ho II
KJiaccHqecKa.sI II033H.H em;e HMeJia CBOHX rrpe.n.CTaBHTeJieM. Ha.n. II03TIIqecKOM,
JiaH.n.rna¢THoM: JKIIBOIIIIChIO MaTTHCOHa u Ca.JIHca, tta.n. ~meruqecKoli .n.u.n.aKTHKOM TH,ll,JKe, KaK opeJI Ha,ll, crneM: m;e6eqym;1Ix JiacmqeK, B03BhirnaeTc.H <DplI.ll.PIIX feJibHep (

1770-1853,

II3 Jlay¢¢etta B 11IBa6HH), MOiycrnM: JIIIPHK, TpO-

raIOIIl;IIM Harne cep.n.u;e He MeHbIIIe feTe II IIpe,ll,CTaBMIOIIl;lIR HaM qy.n.ttyIO CMeCb
repMaHH3Ma II reJIJieHII3Ma. KJiacc1IqecKHMII MOJKHO Ha3BaTh TaKJKe II,ll,IIJIJIIIH
Moratttta IleTepa fe6eJI.H (

1765-1826).

KpoMe HCTHHHO II03TJitiecKoro co.n.ep-

JKaHII.H II xy.n.oJKeCTBeHHOM ¢opMbl, OHII 3aMetiaTeJihHbl em;e II TeM, qTO IIOKa3a.TIII HeMu;aM (oco6eHHO IOJKHbIM), tITO TaKoe BepHOCTb npHpo.n.e II IICTIIHHOe
qyBCTBO II rroceJIHJIII OTBpam;eHIIe K IIJiaKCIIBOCTH, BBe,ll,eHHOM B MO.ll.Y pa3HbIMII
C1IrnapTaM1I II I1¢¢Jiatt.n.aM1I.
<DHJioco¢H.sI, rro.n.o6tta.H KaHTOBCKOM, He MorJia rrpo3.H6aTh 6ecrrJIO,ll,HO cpe.ll.II CBOeM IIIKOJlbl, Otta HeMIIHyeMO ,ll,OJIJKHa 6hIJia OKa3aTh BJIH.sIHIIe Ha Bee OTpaCJIII yMCTBeHHOM JKH3HH. Ilocpe.n.crneHHO HJIII Herrocpe.n;crneHHO Otta rrpHBO,ll,HJia BC.HKOfO, KTO He XOTeJI OCTaBaThC.H II03a,ll,H caoero BpeMeHII, K MyJKeCTBeHHOMY 06pa3y MhICJieli, K caMocTO.HTeJihHoMy HCCJie.n.oaattHIO. B TO BpeM.H,
Kor.n.a feTe II llilIJIJiep CBOHMII TBopeHII.HMII C03,ll,aBa.JIII CJiaBy HeMeu;Koii JIIITepaType, HeMeIJ;Ka.H ttayKa TOpJKeCTBOBa.Jia HOBbie rro6e.ZJ;bl BO Bcex OTpaCJI.HX
3HaHIIM. J11IHrBHCT1IqecK1Ie II apxeoJiorJitieCKIIe II3hICKaHH.sI BIIJihreJihMa ¢ott
fyM60Jib,ll,Ta (

1767 -1835),

KOTOpbIH ,ll,OBeJI ttayqttyIO KplITIIKY ,ll,O xy.n.oJKeCT-

BeHHOfO coneprneHCTBa, II <Dp1I,ll,p1Ixa-ABrycTa BoJih¢a (

1759-1824)

,ll,a.JIII

COBeprneHHO HOBbie BbIBO.ll.hI, oqeHh 6Jiarorrp1I.HTHbie ,ll,Jl.H ryMaHHCTHqecKIIX
1I.n.eM:. MorattH ¢ott MIOJIJiep (

1752-1809)

HeMeu;Koli HCTOpHH. EapTOJih.ll. feopr Hu6yp (

co3,ll,a.JI xy.n;oJKeCTBeHHhIM cJior

1777 -1831)

BrrepBbie rroKa3a.n:

B CBOeM pHMCKOM HCTOPIIII BCIO TOHKOCTb lI BCe 6ecrrpHCTpacTHe HeMeIJ;KOM
1ICTOp1IqecKoli KplITHKII. KattTOBCKa.H ¢HJioco¢H.sI JierJia B octtoBy .n.ocToM:ttoM:
IICTOpliqecKOM .n.e.HTeJihHOCTH '<DpH,ll,pHxa-XpHCTo¢a lIIJioccepa (p. B

1776

ro.n.y ), c IOHOIIIeCKOM CBeJKeCTbIO rrpO,ll,OJIJKaBIIIeMC.H ,ll,O IIOCJie.n;ttero BpeMeHH.

1844 ro.n.y), AHceJihM <DeM:ep6ax (yM. B 1833 ro.n.y) H
(yM. B 1843 ro.n.y) rro.n.BeprJIH oCTpoyMHhIM, ryMaHHo-pe-

fyCTaB fyro (yM. B
K. C. Uaxap1Ia

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124

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125

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B OCHOBY ryMaHHOH .n:e.s1Te.7IbHOCTII, KOCMOnOJIHTffl:IeCKIIM HanpaBJieHHeM B
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126
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XIX cTo.JieTMH.
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B XVIII BeKe rroc.Jie Baxa M f ett.n.e.JIH otta .n.ocTMrJia B pe.n.KoM coqernttnn TeopMM c rrpaKTMKOM BbICIIIe:H CTerreHM qeJI0Beqtto-cB060.n.tto::H KpacoTbI. Bee, 'Y:TO
c.n.eJiaJIM B HOBeliIIIee BpeMH .ll,JI51 TeopMM MY3hIKM TM6o, BnttTepcpeJih.ll., Kn3eBeTep II .n.pyrMe, -

BCe 3TO OCHOBaHO Ha HaqaJiaX, IIOJIO)KeHHblX em:e B rrpo-

IIIe.ll,IIIeM CTOJieTMH MaTecottoM B ero rJiaBHOM coqJIHeHMM «CoBepIIIeHHbIM

KarreJibMelicTep~ -

3TOM cpytt.n.aMeHTe tteMeUKOM MY3bIKaJibtto:H scTeTMKM, M

MaprryroM B ero TpaKTarnx o KOHTparryHKTe, rrpe.n.CTaBJIHIOill;MX, no rrpM3HaHMIO cppaHUY30B II MTaJib51HUeB, o6pa3Ubl HeMeuKoro rJIY60KOMbICJIM51.

c 3TOM

pa3yMHO Bb1pa6orntttto:H: TeopMe:H coe.n.MHHJiacb M rnopqecKaH CMJia Ha rrpaKTMKe. feopr Batt.n.a (

1721-1795) CBoe:H «ApMa.ll,HOM~ BBeJI B fepMaHMIO Me1728-1804) - orrepeTTy, a HocMcp fa:H.n.tt

JIO.ll,paMy, HoraHH A.n.aM fMJIJiep (

( 1731-1809) C03.ll,aJI

CBOH rrpeJieCTHO-Bece.Jibie CHMcpOHMM H KBapTeTbl II qy.n:-

Hble My3bIKaJibHbie KapTMHbI: «TBopettne~ n «BpeMetta ro.n.a~. XpMcmcp fJIIOK

127

3. XapTMaHH.

( 1714-1787)

<ifail:;:i:tt~

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6hIJI HaCT051lllJIM OCHOBaTeJieM 6oJiee 6JiaropO,ll,HOfO CTMJI51 B

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cppami:ysCKOH Bbll::IYPHOCTM M HeecTeCTBeHHOCTM rJiy6MHY M MCKpeHHOCTb HeMeU,KOfO 1::1yBCTBa, BOSBhIIIIeHHhIH rroJieT HeMeu,Ko:H cpaHTaSMM. :6Jiaro.n.ap51 eMy,
HeMeu,Ka51 Mysb1Ka o.n.ep)KaJia 6JIMcTaTeJibHYIO rro6e.n.y B 1::1y)K11X KpaHx: ero
orrepa d1cpttreHM51 B A:sJIM,ll,e~ .n.aBaJiaCb B Ilaptt)Ke cpe.n.M HeCJihIXaHHOro rpoMa pyKOIIJieCKaHMH; sa

2

ro.n.a OHa 6bIJia IIOBTOpeHa

170

pas. Ilos.n.tteHIIIMe

orrepb1: d1cpn:reHH51 B TaBpn:.n.e~ n: ~Hapcttc~ cyTh Jiy1::1111n:e rrpon:sBe,ll,eHH51
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Mou,apT (Ms 3aJihu,6ypra,

1756 - 1791),

BeJIMKMH M B u,epKOBHOH MJSbIKe M

KaK aBTOp CMMcpom1ii, KBapTeTOB M COHaT' HO ellle 6oJiee BeJIMKMH KaK TBOpeil tteMeu,Koii KJiaccM1::1ecKo:H orrepb1. MeJIO.ll.MH H rapMOHHH ero orrep ~noxH­
IIleHHe HS cepaJI51~, ~CBa,ll,b6a <DHrapo~, ~BoJI111e6Ha5I cpJieHTa~ rrpMBO,ll,MJIH
B BOCTOpr ero COBpeMeHHHKOB H 6y11.yT TOl::IHO TaK)Ke BOCXHlllaTb HX II03,n:HeJ:i111MX IIOTOMKOB, a ~.llott-)KyaH~ c TaKHM )Ke rrpaBOM MO)KeT 6bITb HaSBaH BCeMIIpHbIM MJSbIKaJibHbIM rrpoMSBe,ll,eHHeM, KaK ~<DaycT~ feTe -

BCeMHpHbIM

1103THl::leCKHM rrpoHSBe.n.ettMeM. B tteM Heo6n51THO BhICOKHH rem1J:i coe,ll,HHHJI B
O,ll,HO XJ,ll,O)KeCTBeHHOe BeJIMKOe u,eJioe He)KHOCTb, JII060Bb, BeCeJIOCTb IOra H
:i,ll,OpOBOe HeMeU,KOe rny6oKOMbICJIHe. Ilo.n.o6Ho TOMy, KaK p51,ll,OM c feTe CTOHT

128

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3. XapTMaHH.

«DeTXOBCH~

Illmrnep, TaK pHtt:OM c Mou:apToM HBJrneTCH JlIOtt:BIIr Batt EeTxoBeH H3 EoHHa (

1770-1827).

EeTXOBeH, CBOHMH

9 CHMcpOHH5J:MlI

t{OBett:nmH: .a:o BbICIIIero

COBepIIIeHCTBa 3TOT po.a: M)'3bIKH lI yJKe 3a Ott:HY orrepy ~<DHt{eJIHO~ t{OCTOHHblll
BeJIHl!aHIIIeH CJiaBbl, coett:HH5J:JI co CMeJibIM, opJIIIHbIM IIOJieTOM Htt:eaJIH3Ma caMOe CBeJKee, tterro.a:.a:eJihHOe lIYBCTBO. Ott:HH 3HaToK OTJIIIlIHO orrpe.a:eJIIIJI ero
OTHOIIIeHIIe K failtt:HY II Mou:apTy, CKa3aB, l!TO II3 rrpeJieCTHO- cpaHTaCTIIlIHOro 3aropo.a:ttoro tt:OMIIKa railtt:HOBCKOH MY3bIKH Mou:apT BbICTpOIIJI BeJIIIKOJierrHbIH t{BOpeu:, a Ha 3TOT tt:Bopeu: EeTXOBeH IIOCTaBIIJI CBOIO BeJIIIlleCTBeHHO-CMeJIYIO 6aIIIHIO, Hat{ KOTOpoH: e.a:Ba Jill KTO-JIII6o Hatt:CTpOIIT eiu:e l!TO-HII6ytt:h, He
CJIOMaB ce6e IIIeIO.
HeMeu;Koil .a:paMe TPYtt:Ho 6hIJIO 3aBoeBaTh ce6e rrpotIHoe rroJioJKeHIIe II
yBaJKeHIIe, IIOKa pHtt:OM c Heil CTOHJia orrepa, IIOJib30BaBIIIa5J:C5J:, KaK Mbl yJKe
BIItt:eJIII, rroKpOBIITeJihCTBOM tt:BopoB II rrorJioIIJ;aBIIIaH orpoMHhie cyMMbI. O.a:HaKo MaJio-rroMaJIY .a:paMe ytt:aJIOCh 3aHHTb MeCTO rro.a:Jie 6JieCTHIIJ;eil correpHIIU:hI. IlepBbIM IIIaroM K 3TOMy ycrrexy IIOCJIYJKIIJIO OCHOBaHIIe IIOCT05J:HHOfO TeaTpa. IlepBoil rrocTOHHHOH TpyrrrroH: 6hrna raM6yprcKAA Tpyrrrra Kottpa.a:a AKKepMaHa, K KOTopoH: rrpHHatt:JieJKaJI II Kottpa.a: 3KroB (

1767).

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II

129
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HY II ocHOBaJI IIPII.lJ:BOpHhIH TeaTp, yHw-ITO)KIIB .n:oporo CTOIIBIIIIIH 6aJieT. )lpaMaT1IqecKa.H .n;e.HTeJibHOCTb JiecCIIHra, 6JI1I)KaHIIIee 3HaKOMCTBO c IlleKCIIIIpOM,
:=meKTp1I30BaBIIIIIe rry6JIIIKY IOHOIIIeCKIIe .n;paMbl f eTe II llilIJIJiepa, OCHOBaHIIe
6oJiee 06II11IpHbIX Hapo.n;HhIX TeaTpoB B MaHHreiIMe II BepJIIIHe, rro.HBJieHIIe
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<DJieK -

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B BeiIMapcKoiI IIIKOJie B

1791 - 1805 rr.

Kor.n:a feTe yrrpaBJI.HJI BeiIMapCKIIM

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HaKoHeu ycTyIIIITh -

co6aKe. )la, 3TO TaK)Ke xapaKTepHa.H qepTa B IICTOPIIII

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B fepMaHIIII (OL{IIH KOMe.n;IIaHT rryTeIIIeCTBOBaJI IIOBCIOLi:Y co CBOeii: co6aKOH,
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.n;o

1817)

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eme

pa3 Ha KJiacc1IqecK1IiI rreplIO.ll HeMeuKoro 1IcKyccrna,

Mbl YBIIL{IIM B KOHue ero L{Be BeJIIIKIIe JIIIqHOCTII, KOTOpbie CJiy)KaT B TO )Ke
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IOMOplICT )KaH-IlOJih <Dp1I.n;p1Ix PMxTep (

1763-1825,

1762-1814),

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cMeJIOCThIO Ii op1Ir1IHaJihHOCThIO B ero ~ YqeHIIII o HayKe~,

1794),

,n;oBO,ll;IIT

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130

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1800 - 1803),

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B

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TO, qTO OHM rrpOB03rJiaIIIaJilI rrpOII3-

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Ha MeCTO CB5ITOro 3HTY3Ha3Ma, orpaHIIqeHHOe, HlI3KOIIO-

KJIOHHOe repMaHOcpIIJibCTBO -

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132

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u Ka6u11em11oe npaeocyaue. - Pecpop.Mbt C!Jpuapuxa u Hocucpa. - lf.eu)l(e11ua
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133

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136
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11pII3peHIIII 6e,ll,HbIX, 0 Me,ll,HU,IIHCKOH nOJIHU,IIII, 0 3eMJie,l],eJIIIII II 0 nyT5IX
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146
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51

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JKe

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XVIII

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B caMbIX TeMHbIX yrJiax fepMaHMM, IIOBCIOIJ.Y o6mecTBeHHOe MHeHMe HeyMOJIMMO rrpecJielJ.OBaJIO cpattaTM3M. BJiaropOIJ.HbIM errMCKOII TpMpCKIIM HMKOJiaiI cpott
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1790 r.)

M31J.aJI IIOIJ. rrceBIJ.OHMMOM <De6pattMyca CBOIO 3HaMe-

HlITYIO KHMry 0 COCTOHHMM u:epKBM I1 0 CTerreHM 3aKOHHOCTM rraIICKOM BJiaCTM.
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He y 1J.aJIOCb BCJielJ.CTBMe yrropHoro corrpOTMBJieHMH errMCKOIIOB' cq11TaBIIIMX
6oJiee YIJ.06HbIM IIOBIIHOBaTbCH 11.aJieKO JKMByrn;eMy rrarre, HeJKeJIM 6JIMJKaMIIIMM
apxMerrMcKorraM. K TOMy

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B rrpaBJieHMe KypcpIOpcrn KapJia-Teo.n.opa YJib-

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147
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HCHO Bbipa3IIJIOCb B Tex rrpecJie,ZJ;OBaHIIHX, KaKIIM IIO,ZJ;BepraJICH co CTOpOHbl
PIIMa qecTHbIM Beccett6epr.
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nennen~ II

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'IT06b1 q11cTb1e, crroKOHHbie yMbI MorJIII ;:i:ocTMqb BbICIIIeM: KYJibTYPbI. B 3TOM
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-

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y

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peJIIIrIIH, -

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110 BpeMeHaM IIa)l,IIIee II CTpa:>K;:i:y:w;ee

qeJIOBeqecTBO~.

fep)l,ep, IIOCTOHHHO CTpeMMBIIIHMCH K rrpMMIIpeHIIIO ;:i:peBtteM: M xpHCTHaHCKOM U:MBIIJIII3au;IIM:, yKa3aJI ttacToH:w;ee MecTo B116JIHH B ncTopnn pa3BHTIIH
'IeJioBeqecKom yMa. B TOM :>Ke ;:i:yxe ;:i:eM:crnoBaJIM MnxasJIHC, 3pttecTH, fpnc6ax H HeKornpoe BpeMH 3eMJiep. KaKoe BJIHHHIIe IIMeJia tta rrpOTeCTaHTCKYIO
reoJiorHIO cp1rnococpnH KaHTa, JiyqIIIe Beem BHAHO y IlayJiyca (

17 61 - 1851),

148

f. CVpaHll,. «flaM.HTHHK feTe
n Illmrnepy B BeiiMape~

rrpeAeTaBMTenH KpaliHero pauMoHaflM3Ma, eoqMHeHMe KOToporo «)KM3Hb
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rrpeyBeflMqeHHO pauMOHMMeTw1eeKOH
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HBflHIOTCH BernrneHAep, Pep M EpernrneHAep. B ABaAuaTbIX roAax XIX
eTOfleTMH e03AaHMe <DpMAPMXOMBMflbfeflbMOM III YHMM flIOTepaHeKoH
M pecpopMaTeKOH uepKBeH fepMaHMM
Bbl3Bano AOBOflbHO eMflbHOe ABMJKemi:e B rrpoTeCTaHTeTBe, oco6eHHO KOfAa KOpOflb M3Aafl HOByIO 06my10
nMTyprHIO (agenda) B 1822 r. JlIOTepaHcrno BOerrpOTMBHflOCb 3TOMY HOBOBBeAeHMIO, HO IIOTOM, COOTBeTeTByH,
eBOeMy BepHOIIOAAaHHMqeeKOMY xapaKTepy, IIOKOpHnoeb roeyAapcrneHHOH BnaeTM, rronyqMB HeCKOflbKO
cpopMMbHhIX ycryrroK B HOBOH peAaKUMM AreHAbl ( 1828).
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BflaeTb, 6naroAapH CBOMM CTpeMneHIIHM yeIIflMTb ee, JlIOAOBMKa
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cp11naHTporr11qecKHMl1 cppa3aMl1 6eccMn11e yMa 11 BOfllI. Ho HeCMOTpH Ha BCe,
qTQ 6brno 3aAyMaHO 11 AeHeTB11TeflbHO BbIIIOflHeHO fepMaH11eH Ha rrorrp11me 06meeTBeHHbIX pecpopM, HeMeuKoe o6mecTBO Bee eme HaXOA11flOCb B AOBOflbHO
JKaflKOM eoeTOHHl111, ITOflb30Banoeb eflHIIIKOM He60flblllOH AOfleH eB060Abl.
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xv,

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1778

r. 06pa111;aJI-

CH K IIMnepaTopy I1oc11cpy c rrpocb6oii .n:aTb HeMu;aM o.n:Ho oTeqecrno; o.n:HaKo
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f eTe -

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BOCKJIMu;aeT OH. -

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He Mory HaHT11 3TOH CTpaHbl. TaM, r.n:e Ha'IMHaeTCH yqeHaH CTpaHa,

KOH'IaeTCH IIOJIIITII'IeCKaH~.

l1

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KaM co c11e.n:y10111;11MII CJIOBaMM: ~Bbl Ha.n:eeTeCb o6pa30BaTb II3
HarrpacHo! Ho 3aTo Bbl MO)l(eTe o6pa3oBaTb II3

ce6H

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CBo6o.n:HbIX 1110.n:ell!~.

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BbIBO,UaMII cpMJiococpIIM M cy111;ecrny10111;11M rropH,UKOM Be111;eil -

BCe 3TO 3aCTaB-

JIHJIO HeMeu;Ky10 cpaHTa3MIO yBJieKaTbCH Me'ITaMM o pa.n:IIKaJibHhIX rrpeo6pa30BaH11Hx. 3T11 Me'ITbI 3aIIIJI11 TaK ,UaJieKO, 'ITO rro6e.n:oHOCHOe OKOH'IaHIIe aMepMKaHCKOH BOHHbl 3a CB06o.n:y BbI3BaJIO .n:a)l(e B fepMaHMM npIIpo.n:Horo BepHOIIO,U,UaHHM'IeCTBa -

B 3TOH CTpaHe

pecrry6JIMKaHCKIIe qyBcTBa M pecrry6-

JIMKaHCKIIe cTpeMJieHMH 9 . Ha 3TOT cpaKT HeJih3H He o6paTMTb BHIIMaHMH. OH
o6bHCHHeT HaM II TOT 3HTY3Ma3M, c KOTOpbIM orpOMHoe 60JibIIIIIHCTBO o6pa30BaHHbIX JIIO,Uell fepMaHIIII rrpIIBeTCTBOBaJIO cppaHU:Y3CKYIO peBOJIIOll;MIO.

66-JieTHIIH

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1790

r., 'ITO He f epMaHIIM Cy)l(,UeHO CBepIIIIITb

.n:eJIO OCBo6o)l(,UeHMH. ~Ax. He Te6e, MOH OT'III3Ha, -

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y.n:eJI .n:ocTaJICH <Dpattu;11II! Tb1 He y.n:ocTOMJiaCb 3TOH BeJIII'IaHIIIeil qecTM, Thi He
copBaJia BeTBII 3TOH 6eccMepTHOH CJiaBbI~! <DpIIu; lliTOJib6epr BM11 peHeraT -

II11CaJI B

1790

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r. 113 Eep111rna: ~Bee, 'ITO H pe6eHKOM 'IYBCT-

BOBaJI rro.n: rHeTOM Bceo6111;ero rrpOTMBOpe'IIIH, BCe, 'ITO H CTapaJICH Bbipa3MTb
B MOeM CTIIXOTBOpeHMII ~CBo6o.n:a~. -

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HeMeu;KMe ra3eTbl, 3TII IIO,UOHKM IIOIIIJIOro MaJIO.UYIIIMH II pa6CTBa, Ha'IIIHaIOT
BblCKa3bIBaTb IICTIIHbl, KOTOpbie .n:a)l(e BeJIIIKIIH MOHTeCKbe He CMeJI rrpoB03rJiaCMTb OTKpbITO. MoHapXIICTbl 3Ha'IIITeJibHO c6aBIIJI11 TOH, M HMKTO He CMeCT Ha3BaTb 611aropo,UHhIX 6eJibrIIliu;eB MHTe)l(HIIKaMM~. IlpaB.n:a, ro.n: crrycTH OH
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npO'IHee: O'IeBII.n:eu; CTpa.n:aHIIH MeKJieH6yprCKIIX KperrOCTHblX KpeCTbHH, OH
noHMMaJI, 'ITO po3oBoil Bo.n:oil He c.n:e11ae11Ib peB01110u;11II. Kor.n:a B

1792 r.

AB-

CTpMH 11 IlpyccMH Ha'IaJI11 BOHH}' c MOJIO,UOH <DpaHLI;y3CKOH pecrry6JIIIKOH, <Docc
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150
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rryram1ch Bee 6oJiee M 6oJiee, TOJibKO CMJibHbie yMbI Bpo.n;e KattTa, <DMxTe M
<DopCTepa MorJIM CKB03b KpoBaBoe IIOKpbIBaJIO co6bITMH BM,ll;eTb 6y.n;ymee pa3BMTMe qeJIOBeqecTBa, llOH.HTb MCTOpMqecKyIO Heo6xo.n;MMOCTb peBOJIIOIJ,MOHHOH
Tpare,n;MM. Ho roJioca 3TMX JIIO,n;eH: He 6brnH cJibIIIIHbI cpe.n;H RpocTttoro rnyMa
o6cKypaHTOB. IlpoTHBHMKM peBOJIIOIJ.MH 6yrneBaJIH oco6eHHO CMJibHO B Bette,
r.n;e B 11paBJieHMe Jleo110Jib,n;a-<DpaHu.a B03HMKJia peaKIJ.H.H npoTHB 11epMo.n;a
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)KeJiaJI 6b1 rro6JIH)Ke llOCMOTpeTb, KaKHM o6pa30M HeMeIJ,KMe cpHJIMCTepbI BOeBaJIH rrpOTMB cppaHIJ.Y3CKOH peBOJIIOIJ,MM, Mbl peKoMeH.n;yeM o6paTMTbC.H K TeM
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1798 ro.n;a

«ITeBIJ,OM 6e,n;HblX

THBOK». Ee3yMttoe o)KecrnqeHHe 11poTHB peBOJIIOIJ.MM M,n;eT B HMX pyKa 06 pyKy

c 11opa3HTeJibHOH JieCTblO HeMeIJ,KMM KH.H3b.HM

18.

qTO KacaeTC.H feTe M lliMJI-

Jiepa, TO KaK no caMOH HaType CBoeii, TaK M BCJie,ll;CTBMe y6e)K,n;eHM.H B Heo6XO,ll;HMOCTH CIIOKOllHOro rrporpecca ,ll;Jl.H ycrrexa IJ,MBMJIM3aIJ,HH, OHM ,ll;OJI)l(Hbl
6bIJIH HerrpH.H3HeHHO OTHOCHTbCR K peBOJIIOIJ,HOHHOMY ,ll;BM)KeHHIO. «KaK npe:>K.n;e JIIOTepaHCTBO, TaK Terrepb B 3TM CMyTHbie L(HH cppaHIJ,Y3bI,
feTe,

-

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rOBOpHJI

3aMe.n;JI.HIOT c110KoHHbIH xo.n; UMBMJIH3aIJ.HH». Ott He orpaHMqHJIC.H

3THM: sa6bIBa.H HCTOpHqecKoe 3HaqeHMe co6bITMH, feTe B3,ll;YMaJI .ll:BYM.H BeCbMa Hey,n;aqHblMM ,a:paMaTMqecKHMM Kap11KaTypaMM Ha BeJIHKOe ,ll;BH)KeHHe (der
Burgergeneral, die Aufzgerechten) ,a:oKasaTb CBOH npaBa Ha 3Battue HCTHHHOro
rrpHL(BOpttoro 1103Ta. 3Ta BblXO,n;Ka JIO)KMTC.H TeMHbIM 11.HTHOM Ha COJIHIJ,e ero
CJiaBbl. lliHJIJiep HHCTMHKTMBHO IlOHMMaJI BeJIMKOe 3HaqeHHe peBOJIIOUMM, HO
Otta Ka3aJiaCb eMy He,n;oCTaTOqHO M)J;eaJibHOll B CBOeM pa3BMTHM. Cpe,n;M
CTpaIIIHblX KaTacTpocp Toro BpeMeHM OH OCHOBaJI CBOIO ra3eTy «Die Horen»

( 1794),

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rro.n; 3HaMeHeM CBo6o,n;bI M KpacOTbl». BoT qTo llHCaJI OH 51Ko6II, COBeprneHHO
B .n;yxe cBoero Ilo3bI,

.n;o

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o6mecTBO: «Te.JIOM Mbl ,ll;OJI)l(Hbl 6bITb rpa:>KL(aHaMH Harnero BpeMeHII, ecJIM 3TO
tteo6xo,n;HMO; qTo )Ke KacaeTC.H .n;yxa, TO .H cqMTaIO npaBOM H o6.H3aHHOCTbIO
cprwococpa H 1103Ta He rrprma,n;Jie:>KaTb HM K KaKoMy BpeMeHH, a B 6yKBa.JibHOM
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KOTOpbie, BH,ll;.H CTpaIIIHOe HCTOIIleHMe fepMaHMM, o6pamaJIM B30pbl OT CBoero oTeqecTBa Ha <DpaHUHIO. B 11pHpei:i:ttCKMX o6JiacTHX .n;eJio cppaHUY3CKoii

t5t

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152
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K <DpaHUIIII II y)l(e C"l!IITaJIII ce6.H cppaHUY3CKIIMII corpa)l(,n:aHaMII. Kor.n:a nocJie 3aKJIIO"l!eHII.H IIpyccIIeii cenapaTHoro MIIpa B Ea3eJie B 1795 r. IIMnepaTOp,
corJiaCHO ycJIOBII.HM KaMHocpopMIIHCKOfO ,ll,OrGBOpa, OTAaJI cppaHUy3aM KJllO"l{
OT IIMnepIIII-MaiiHU, foppec B CBOeM IIJiaMeHHOM )l(YPHaJie ~Das rothe Blatt~
( ~KpaCHbIH JIIICT~) pa3pa3IIJIC.H rpa,n:oM HacMerneK. ~HenpMKOCHOBeHHOCTb
IIMnepIIII pa3pyrneHa! - BocKJIIIUaJI OH! - fpa)l(,n:aHe, Mall.mi: Harn! .lla
3,n:paBcrnyeT cppaHUy3cKa.H pecny6JIIIKa! 30 ,n:eKa6p.H 1797 r. B ,n:etth nepe.n:a"l!II Mall.Hua, B TPM -qaca nonoJiy,n:HII B Perettc6ypre CKOH"l!aJiaCh TIIXO II cnoKOHHO CBmuettHa.H PIIMCKa.H IIMnepII.H, T.H)l(eJioll. naM.HTII, IIMe.H OT po.n:y 955
JieT 5 MeC.HUeB 28 ,n:ttell.; cMepTb nocJie,n:oBaJia OT o6mero paccJia6JieHII.H II y.n:apa; noKOHHIIUa coxpaH.HJia nOJIHOe C03Ham1e II BbIIIOJIHIIJia Bee CB.HIUeHHhie
TaIIHCTBa. Eo)l(e Moll., no"l!eMy 9TO TBOH rtteB o6paTIIJIC.H npe)l(,n:e Bcero Ha 9TO
.n:o6po,n;yrnttoe cymecrno? Otto TaK 6e3Bpe,ll,HO M cnoKoiitto nacJioch Ha Jiyrax
CBOIIX rrpaOTUOB, TaK nOKOpHO ,n:aBaJIO CTpII"llb ce6.H no 10 pa3 B ro,n:, 6bIJIO
nOCTO.HHHO TaK )Ke TIIXO II TepneJIMBO, KaK TO npe3peHHOe, )l;JIIIHHOyxoe )l(IIBOTHOe, KOTOpoe 6eCIITC.H II JI.HraeTC.H TOJibKO Kor.n:a pe3Bhle Ma.Jlb"l!IIIlIKII B3,n:yMaIOT 3acyttyTh eMy B yrnII TPYT IIJIII noMa3aTb 3a,ll, TepneHTIIHOM~ .
.lla, AOilIJIO ,ll,0 Toro, "l!TO "lleJIOBeK c YMOM II cep.n:ueM Mor pa,ll,OBaTbC.H II
cMe.HThC.H, BIIA.H na,n:em1e CBoero oTe"lleCTBa. CTparnttoe .HBJieHIIe, noJIHoe ne"llaJibHhIX II Ba)l(HhIX ypoKoB! Ho npe,n:cMepTHa.H arottII.H PIIMCKOH IIMnepIIII
eme He KOH"l!IIJiaCb. JlIOHeBIIJIJibCKIIH MIIp ( 1801) OT,ll,a.JI cppaHUy3aM Beeb JieBbIH 6eper Pell.Ha. PerneHIIe IIMnepcKoii ,n:enyTaUIIII 1803 r. B PereHc6yp:re,
rrpo,n:IIKTOBaHHoe nocJiaHHIIKaMII <DpaHUIIII II PoccIIII, caMbIM npoII3BOJihHhIM
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153

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JleeuH. - lfeHa u TuJtb3um. - TeuHpux rjJoH KJteucm. - BoccmaHoeJteHue
npycrnow wcyaapcmea. - KopoJteea Jlyu3a. rjJoH lllmeuH. - BepJtUHC'KUU
yHueepcumem. - Pe?JU ([Juxme 'K HeMeU,KOMY Hapoay. - Co103 ao6poaemeJtU. BouHa 3a oceo6o>KaeHue. - BeHcKuu KOH2pecc. - Ceaw,eHHbtu co103 u noJtumuKa
pecmaepau,uu. - TeHu, u Teppec. - lOHbte nampuombt. - Bypwu. - Cmapbte
HeMU,bt. Bapm6yp2cKuu npa3aHuK. - IIOJtUUieucKoe wcyaapcmeo. - H ayKu u
ucKyccmea. - Jiu6epaJtU3M: ezo xapaKmep, ew cmpeMJteHua u ezo rjJuacKo.

r.

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3ITOXM, Kor,n:a pa3BMTMe yMCTBeHHOM )l{lI3HM TaK ,n:aJieKo OITepe)l{aeT ITO-

JIMTMqecKoe pa3BMTMe, KaK 3TO 6h1JI0 B

XVIII

CT. B fepMaHMM,

-

B TaKMe

3ITOXM ITporpeCCMBHOe ,ll;BlI)l{eHMe, He BCTpeqaJI ce6e OITOpbl B ,n:eMCTBIITeJibHOM
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Hepe,n:Ko BOBCe OTKJIOHHeTCH OT lICTlIHHOro ITYTM. IloJIMTMqecKMe ITpIIHD;lIITbl
<DpM.npMxa M Mocmpa, Ka3aJIOCb, .naBaJIM Ha,Ue)l{,n:y Ha To, qTo o6mecrneHHaJI
)l{II3Hb fepMaHMM ITOMneT OTHbIHe peIIIMTeJibHbIM IIIaroM ITO TOMy ITYTII CB060,ll;bl lI pa3yMa, KOTOpbIM OTKpbIBa.JllI eH: HeMeIJ,KMe KJiaCClIKlI. Ho 3Ta Ha,n:e)l{.n:a CKopo pa3pyIIIMJiach. B ABcTpHH 6opb6a co cpe.nHeBeKOBbIM MpaKoM oKOHqMJiach co cMepTbIO Mocmpa, a B

IIpyccMM 3HaMeHMThIM peJIMrM03HbIM s,n:MKT
1788 r.' ITO KOTopoMy ITPOTecTaHTCKOe

MlIHMCTpa lICITOBe,n:aHMH BeJibHepa, B

,n:yxoBeHCTBO CHOBa o6H3blBaJIOCb .uep)l{aTbC51 0,ll;HlIX JllIIIlb ClIMBOJIMqecKMX
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6opb6y ITpOTMB pau,MOHaJIM3Ma. Kor.na cppattu,y3cKaJI peBOJIIOIJ,M51 M CB.H3aHHOe
c Heii: peBOJIIOIJ,lIOHHOe ,UBM)l{eHMe 3aITa,UHOM fepMaHMII ,ll;OKa3aJIM c COBepIIIeHHOM 51CHOCTbIO, qTo BMecTe c .noBepIIeM K 6o)l{eCTBeHHbIM ITpaBaM ,n:yxoBeHcTBa ncqe3aeT lI Bepa B 6o)l{eCTBeHHOe ITpaBo KOpoJieH, CBeTCKaH BJiaCTb CHOBa
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peaKIJ,M51 ITPOTMB HaITpaBJieHM51

XVIII

CTOJieTM.H. KoaJIMIJ,MOHHhie BOHHbI ITpo-

TIIB cppaHD;Y3CKOM pecITy6JIMKlI 6bIJilI JIIIIIlb cpaKTIIqeCKMM ITp051BJieHMeM 3TOH
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B rrocJieti;HMe ti;ec.HTb JieT

XVIII

BeKa, B TO caMoe BpeMH, KOrti;a BO
<PpaHU,MM IllaTo6pMaH CTapaJIC.H
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1772-1801),

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XpMCTMaHCTBe M MMeHHO Bero KaTOJIJiqeCKOH ¢opMe. Ilo.n. BrreqaT.JieHHeM Bepbl
Oil Hanttca.JI .Jiyqmee CBOe rrpOM3Be,n,eHHe, CBOM ,n,yxoBHbie rreCHM, BbIIIIe KOTOpbIX, no IIJiaMeHHOMY MCKpeHHeMy qyBCTBy, Bp5I,l1, JIM C03,l1,aCT qTO-.JIH6o pe.JIHl'H03Ha5I .llMpMKa. Ilo,n,po6HO H co BCeMH IIOCJie,l],CTBH5IMH rrpe,n,CTaBAAeT HaM poMaHTJiqecKyIO ,lJ,OKTpHHY <Dptt,n,pMX lIIJiere.Jib (H3 faHHOBepa,

1772-1828).

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158
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Homu:mc

flIII. llJI» y»cHeHII5I 3TOfO yqeHII5I OH
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1799).

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1805 r.'

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cpe,n:HIIM BeKaM, 5IBJI5IeTC5I Heo6xo,n:IIMbIM BblBO.ll:OM poMaHT11qeCKIIX IIOCbIJIOK.
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KaK IIOJIHei1:111ee CJIII5IHIIe I~epKBII II rocy,n:apCTBa, Hapo,n:a II HayKII, IICKYCCTBa 11 )KII3HII.

Ero

6paT ABrycT BIIJibreJibM lliJiereJib (

1767 -1845)

He 6bIJI

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159
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no331IH. IIepBbIM H3 HIIX 51BJI51eTe51 JI1011.BHr THK (H3 5epJIHHa,

1773-1853);

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B

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:lOXOll.HT 11.0 pe65111ecKH eMeIIIHOro. BrroeJie11.ernH11 THK HarrHeaJI 11.JlHHHbIM p5111.
llOBeJIJI B reTeBeKOM eTIIJie 11 po11. IIJiaTOHH1IeCKOro ,l(llaJIOra, B KOTOpOM poMaHTl11IeeKa51 1IpOHH51 06ey)l(11.aeT 3a11.a11H H BOIIpoebI HOBeMIIIero BpeMeHH.

l1

3TH

ero rrpOH3Be11.eHII5I TaK )Ke, KaK H rrepBbie rrpoH3B011.HJIH BIIel.J:aTJieHIIe TOJibKO
n Kpy)l(Kax poMaHTHKOB. BHe 3TIIX KPY)l(KOB He eJibIIIIHO 6bIJIO 11.a)l(e H ero
11MeHH, T01IHO TaK )Ke, KaK H HMeH KJieMeHea 5peHTaHo (
.r1a cpoH ApHHMa (

1781-1831 ).

1777-1842) H

AxH-

06a 3THX rrHeaTeAA 11.apoM HCTPaTHJIH eBOH 11.eM:-

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B

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1 1yBeTBa

11 rJiy6IIHe IOMopa o6eruaIOT 1Ipe3BbI1IaMHO MHOfO, HO He 11.aIOT HJiliero,

160
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poMaHTMqecKMH

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B

ee

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HOBbIX HeMeU:KMX HapOl(HbIX rreceH

~Knaben Wunderharn~

K. 5peHTaHO

(1808),

MMeBIIIMH TaKoe 6JiarOTBOpHoe
BJIMHHMe Ha pa3BMTMe HeMeU:KOH

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3TOro c6opHHKa yKa3bIBaeT' KpOMe Toro, Ha rrpHCTpaCTHe poMaHTH3Ma KO BCeMy HapOl(HOMy, ~rrepB06bITHOMY~ MJIM, no KpaiIHeiI Mepe, OTHOCH:W:eMyCH K
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M pa3BMTMIO ryrroyMMH, CMOTpHrn:ero c 6JiaroroBeHMeM Ha BCHKMH l(peBHMH cop
M xJiaM rroToMy TOJibKO, qTo OH l(peBHMH. HoBaJIHC, TMK, ApHHM M EpeHTaHo, ace OTJIMqaBIIIMecH TOM poMaHTMqecKoiI oco6eHHOCTbIO, qTo HaM6oJiee
IllHpOKO 3al(yMaHHbie npOM3Bel(eHHH MX npel(CTaBJIHIOTCH qeM-TO He3aKoHqeHHbIM ( Ofterdingen, Sevennenaufruhr, Kronenwachter, Romanzen TOT Rosenkranz), HMeJIM ropa3l(O MeHbrnee BJIM51HMe Ha MaCCbI, qeM UaxapMH BepHep

( 1768-1823)

C!>pMl(pMx l(e-Jia-MoT C!>yKe (

AMel(eH focpMaH (

1776-1826).

1777 -1843)

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161
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XIX

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162
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II

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163
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164
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165

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06

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174
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19

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HIIX; 3TO ,n:aCT HaM HOBOe JJ:OKa3aTeJibCTBO, 'ITO ~.n:o6poe CTapoe BpeM51~ rrpoJJ:OJI)KaJIO cyIIJ;ecrnoBaTb H B o'IeHb 6JIII3KYIO K HaM 3rroxy.
HOR Ilpycc1rn apeCTOBaHO 6bIJIO

7 'IeJIOBeK

B 1800

r. B IO)K-

IIO IIO,l1,03peHHIO B ITOJJ:)KIIraTeJib-

CTBe B ropo,n;ax CIIpau;e II BapTe. Taii:Hoe cJie.n;crnIIe, .n;eiicTBIITeJibHO,

.n;o

rnro

~pa3M5Ir1IHJIO~ o6BIIH51eMbIX c IIOMOIIJ;bIO KHyTa II TOMY rro,n:o6HblX Mep, 'ITO Bee
OHM c,n:eJiaJIM IIOJIHOe rrpII3HaHIIe IIO r JiaBHCRIIIHM rryHKTaM. Ilo rrpiffOBOpy
cy.n;a IIX CJIC,ZJ;OBaJIO TaIIJ;IITb Ha KOpOBbeii: IIIKype K MeCTy Ka3HII, 06e3rnaBIITb
II Ka3HlITb. O.n;1rn H3 MHIIMbIX ITpeCTyIIHMKOB y)Ke o,n:eJIC51 JJ:JI51 Ka3HII II CHOBa (KaK BCJJ:bMbl Ha IIbITKe) ITOBTOpIIJI CBOe rrpII3HaHIIe, KaK Bll,pyr, ITO KaKOMy-To C'IaCTJIIIBOMy cJiy'IaIO, OKa3aJIOCb H 6bIJIO HeorrpoBep)KIIMO ,D.OKa3aHO
rrpII BTOpH'IHOM paccJie,a.oBaHIIII, 'ITO HM 0,11.IIH M3

7 rrpHroBopeHHbIX

K cMep-

TlI He Mor rro.n;)Ke'Ib ropo,a.oB BapTbI II CIIpau;a ITO TOR ITpocToii rrpII'IHHe, 'ITO
BO BpeM51 IIO)Kapa BCe OHM 6bIJIII TaK y,n:aJieHbl OT Hero IIJIH HaXO,ll,lIJIIICb II0,11.
TaKIIM CTporIIM Ha,D.30pOM, 'ITO He MMCJIII HIIKaKOR B03MO)KHOCTII COBepIIIIITb
3TO rrpecryrr.71eHIIe.

B Ha'IaJie 1830 r.

,n:aTcKIIii IIOCJiaHHIIK B 0Jlb,ll,eH6ypre r-H cpoH

KyaJieH Haii:,LJ,eH 6bIJI B CBOCM ca.n.y y6IITbIM. Ee3 BC51KOH OCHOBaTeJibHOH
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6 JieT, 6000

JIMCTOB 6yMarn: 6bIJIO lICITIICaHo; HaKOHeu., HCBIIHOBHOCTb o60IIX

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II ,n:yIIIoii, eIIJ;e IIO,LJ,BepraJIIICh pa3Horo po,ll,a HerrpMTHOCTHM.

B 1830

)Ke ro.n:y

Ha'IaJICH 3HaMeHMTbIR rrpou;ecc CTOJI51pa BeH,LJ,a B PocToKe, o6mrneHHoro csoIIM IIO,LJ,MaCTepbeM feii:3epoM B OTpaBJICHllH )KCHbI M MHOrrrx ,n;pyrrrx JIHD;. IloJIHaH HeBHHHOCTb BeH.n.a (o6BMHMTeJih caM OKa3aJICH rrpecTyIIHMKoM) 6bIJia oTKphITa TOJibKO IIOCJie 9-JieTHero T.H)KeJioro TIOpeMHOfO 3aKJIIO'IeHH51. B

1820 r.

o.n;HH o6BIIHeHHhIR ( TaK )Ke HecrrpaBe,ll,JIHBO) B y6uii:crne )l(Irnorrucu;a K10reJibxeHa u CTOAApa BuHTepa B ,l{pe3ll,eHe y)Ke rrocJie .n:syxHe,n:eJihHoro apecTa 6bIJI
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194
rrpecryIUiemrn:. ToJibKO cqacTJIHBblll CJiyqa:ii, OTKpbIBIIIHH HCTHHHOro rrpecTyrrHHKa, H36aBHJI ero OT Ka3HH. Mbl MmI<eM IIOH.HTb Terrepb, KaKOH CMbICJI HMeeT TaK qacTo IIOBTOp5110Il(a.HCH B rrpOTOKOJiax CJie.l(OBaTeJie:ii cppa3a: «06BHH.HeMoro TII(aTeJibHO .z:i:orrpaIIIHBaJIH~. EcJIH .n:eJio IIIJIO o rroJIHTHqecKoM rrpecrynJieHHII, ycep,n:He cJie,n:oBaTeJie:ii rrpH .n;orrpocax rro,n:cTpeKMOCb eme rrp1rnTHOH
Ha.l(e)K.l(OH IIOBbIIIIeHH.H B .l(OJl)KHOCTII. HacKOJlbKO CHJieH 6bIJI 3TOT CTHMyJI,
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20- H 30- x

rO.l(OB. Mbl He CTaHeM TporaTb Bce:ii 3TOH Mep30CTH, He CTaHeM .n:a)Ke KaCaTbCH rrpaxa Beii.n:11xa, oT.n:aHHoro Ha Me,n:JieHHoe MyqeHHe 6ecHy10meMyc.H B
Jio:ii rop.HqKe cJie.n:oBaTeJI10.

l1

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3a qTo? 3a To, qTo OH He Mor pa3.z:i:eJI.HTb MHe-

HH:ii KH51351 MeTTepHHXa, 6y.n:To fepMaHII.H eCTb H MO)KeT 6bITb TOJibKO reorpacp11qecKHM TepMHHOM. IlpHIIOMHHB TOJibKO O.l(HH 3TOT cpaKT, MbI IIOHMeM,
KaKOH 3Haq1neJibHbIH Illar BIIepe.n: c,n:eJiaeT pa3BHTHe ryMaHHbIX HaqaJI, KOf.n:a 3aBepIIIIITC.H HaqaToe c

1848

r . .n:eJio BBe.l(eHII.H B fepMaHIIII HaU:IfOHaJibHO-

ro, .z:i:peBHerepMaHCKoro, aHTIIpHMCKOro yro.TIOBHOro cy.z:i:a c rrpIIC.H)KHbIMII, KOf.n:a 3TOT cy.z:i: pacrrpocTpaHHTCH Bc10.n:y II CTaHeT rnep.l(blM HeIIOKOJie6HMbIM
pe)K.l(eHIIeM. JIII6epMII3M rrepso:ii rroJIOBHHbI
TY )Ke poJib, KoTopa.H BbIIIMa B

XVIII

XIX

yq-

CTOJieTII.H IIrpM o6coJIJOTHO

seKe Ha .n:oJI10 pau:HoHMII3Ma. 0Tc10-

.n:a ero tterroJIHOTa, KOJie6aHHe II ,ll,Boe.n:yIIItte. Ho KaK pau:ttoHaJIM3M MbI rrpttHIIMMM 3a Heo6xo.n:HMy10, rrepeXOAHYJO CTyrreHb OT TeOJIOrHqecKOfO YCbIIIJiemrn Hapo.n:a K ero B03pO)K,ZJ.em110 B ryMaHM3Me, TOqHo TaK )Ke II Ha Jrn6epa.TIII3M Mbl ,l{OJI)KHbl CMOTpeTb KaK Ha Heo6xo,n;IIMbIH rrepexo.z:i: OT a6coJIJOTII3Ma

K ,ZJ.eMOKpaTIIII. f,ZJ.e OH 3aXBaTbIBaJI B ce6.H o6JiaCTb .n:eMOKpaTII3Ma II .HBJI.HJIC.H qepe3 TO c IIOJIHOH CIIJIOH, TaM OH rrpeBpall(aJIC.H B pa.n:IIKaJIII3M. TaK 6bIJIO
B rrpocBell(eHHbIX KaHTOHax IIIBe:iiu:apcKoro co103a, rrepeCTpoeHHbIX c

1830 r.

Ha ,n;eMOKpaTIIqeCKHX HaqaJiax, M rrepecTpOeHHbIX TaK, qTo Ha3JIO BCeM cppaHU:Y3CKIIM II HeMeU:KilM peaKU:IIOHepaM 3Ta MaJieHbKa.H pecrry6JIIIKa npeBOCXO.l(IIT Bee rocy.n;apcrna EBpOIIbl CBOIIM 6JiarocoCTO.HHIIeM, rrpou:BeTaHIIeM 3eMJie.n:eJIII.H, TOproBJIII II rrpOMbllIIJieHHOCTII, 3a6oTOH 0 6e,n;HbIX, ycTpOHCTBOM rryTe:ii coo6meHIIH, u:eJiecoo6pa3HOCTbJO II ,n;eIIIeBII3Ho:ii yrrpaBJieHII.H. B fepMamrn
B HaqaJie JIII6epaJIII3M He IIMeJI rrpaKTIIqecKoro 3HaqeHII.H. EMy II03BOJieHO
6bIJIO TOJibKO oTpIIU:aTh. l110JibCKa.H peBOJIJOU:II.H ,ZJ.aJia eMy HeCKOJibKO 6oJibIIIe
Bos.n:yxa H rrpoCTopa, IIOKa HaKoHeu; He HaCTaJIO BpeM51, Kor.n;a JIH6epa.7IbHOKOHCTIITYU:IIOHHbie ,n;oKTpIIHbI, rrpocJiaBJieHHbie Bo «Bceo6me:ii IICTOpIIII~ PoTeKa II rro.n;po6Ho H3JIO)KeHHbie B «Staatslexicon~ PoTeKa II BeJihKepa, rrpHo6peJIII B fepMaHIIII rocrro.n;crno Ha.l( o6mecTBeHHbIM MHeHHeM. 3TOT a6cTpaKTHblH JIII6epaJIII3M, cqIITaBIIIIIH HH)Ke ce6.H 3a6ory 0 MaTepIIMbHOM, YMCTBeHHOM
H HpaBCTBeHHOM 6JiarococTO.HHIIH Hapo.n:a, JIH6epaJII13M, 6bIBIIIHH HCKJIJOqHTeJibHbIM Bbipa)KeHHeM «6yp)Kya3HH~ (Bo cppaHu:yscKO-COU:HaJIHCTHqecKOM
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195
l

HOM MeCTOrrpe6bIBaHJnI) ,lI.OCTllTaJI MIIHYTHOrD ocyr:u;eCTBJiemrn HeKOTOpbIX ll3
CBOHX Tpe6oBaHHii, IIOTOKaMH HaIIbIIUeHHbIX cppa3 ll3JIHBaJICH OH B rrapJiaMeHTCKHX rrpeHHHX, a Me)K,n;y TeM HeMeIJ;Kllll a6coJIIOTll3M, onpaBHBIIIHCb
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cppaKIJ;HH oT,n;eJIHJiach OT JIH6epaJihHoii napnm M CTaJia npecJie.n.oaaTh peaoJIIOIJ;MOHHbie u;eJirr. Ee cocTaBJIHJIM, rJiaBHhIM o6pa30M, MOJI0.11.hie 6ypIIIM, roTOBbie npoMeHHTh poMaHTWieCKYIO HeHaBHCTb K ¢pattu;y3aM Ha ¢pattu;y3CKMll
pecny6JIMKaHH3M; HO, KpOMe Toro, K Herr npMHa.Z1,Jie)KaJIM ll JIIO]J.M Bpo.n.e HoraHHa feopra ABrycrn BHpTa, M3JJ.aTeJIH )KypHaJia ~Die deutsche Tribune~,
CHOBa HanoMHllBIIIero CBOHM COOTeqecTBeHHMKaM H3bIK naTpHOTWiecKoro rHeBa, BHpTa, KOTOPhIH npO.Z1,0Jl)KaJI OTHOCIITbCH K cppattey3aM B .a:yxe BOllH 3a ocBOOO)K]J,eHHe M )KeJiaJI ocyr:u:ecTBJieHIIH Ml(eH pecny6JIHKH TOJihKO Ha qMcTo ttapo.a:HhIX HaqaJiaX. 3Ta cppaKIJ;llH OCHOBbIBaJia caMbie 6JieCTHIUMe Ha.Z1,e)Kl(bl Ha
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HIOJibCKHX l(Heii, 6eJihrllllCKOll peBOJIIOIJ;llll M TparHqeCKOll 6opb6bI IlOJibIIIH;
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B

lJ;OKa3aTeJibCTBO MbI rrpMBe,ZJ.eM O,ZJ.MH rrpMMep, KOTOpbIH MO)K-

HO 6bIJIO 6h1 Ha3BaTh cMeIIIHbIM, ecJIH 6b1 OH He 6hIJI TaK rpycTeH. 0JJ.HH H3
BIOpTeM6eprCKMX .a:eMaroroB IlOCTaBHJI ce6e 3a.Z1,aqeii CKJIOHHTb KpeCTMIH Ha
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~qTo

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1831

ThicHqeJ1eTttee

r. 6b1JI coBepIIIeH-

HO nycToii ,n:eMOHCTpau;Herr peBOJIIOIJ;HOHHorr napTHH. Co103HhIH ce:H:M orneqaJI
Ha Hero IIOCTaHOBJieHHHMH OT

28

HIOHH H

5

HIOJIH, KOTOpbIMM ~pa;:i:rr rro.a:.n.ep-

)KaHHH o6r:u;ecTBeHHOrO nopH,n:Ka H 6e30ilaCHOCTll~ er:u:e CHJlbHee CTHrHBaJiaCb
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196
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1833 r.)

II HJI'IeM He KOH'IIIBIIIJIHC51 BOeHHblll saroBop B B10pTeM6ep-

re. 3To aaJio peaKU:MII rrpeaJior yBeH'IaTb BbIIIIeyrroM51HYTbie peIIIemrn
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3pttcTa ABrycrn (

1837),

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1848 r.

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1848- 1849 rr.,

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4000-6000

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40

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197
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1844

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qTQ c B03paCTaHHeM

ttapo,n:oHaceJieHHH BospocJio H o6rn;ee 6JiarococTOHHHe. B TO :>Ke BpeMH B ABcTpMH rrpOH3BO)lHJIOCb e:>Kero)lHO

312

qlfCJIO poraToro CKOTa )lOXO)lMJIO .n:o
K03 -

)lO

27 906 901

35

MJIH. qeTBepMKOB ceJibCKHX rrpo)lyKTOB,

7

MJIH. rOJIOB, JIOIIIaJ],eM -

3

MJIH.'

1847

ro.n:y

.n:o

MJIH. fopHbie rrpOMbICJibI MMilepHH .n;aBaJIH B

ryJib.ll;eHOB, JlbHHHaH H KOHOIIJIHHaH rrpOMbIIIIJieHHOCTb rrpHHOCM-

Jia e:>Kero.n;HO KpyrJibIM qlfCJIOM

94

MJIH., IIIeJIKOBO.ll;CTBO -

59

MJIH. B TOp-

I'OBJie H rrpOMbIIIIJieHHOCTH IIIBeii:u;apu;bI orrepe,n:HJIH Bee rrpoqMe HeMeU:KHe IlJie-

1851 r. H3 ABcTpHH BbrneseHo B CeBepoaMepHKaHCKHe IIITaTbI TOBapoB Ha 193 693 .ll;OJIJiapa, H3 BCero HeMeu;Koro TaMo:>KeHHOro COI03a Ha
8 424 984, a H3 MaJieHbKoii: IIIBeii:u;aprrM - Ha 6 008 785 ,n:oJIJiapoB. 3TM u;H¢pbI oqeHb KpacHopeqHBbI. TaMo:>KeHHbIH COI03 H ABcTpm1 pacrroJiaraJIH 3

MeHa. B

MOpHMH, 60JibIIIHMH cy.n;oxo,n:HbIMH peKaMH M MHO:>KeCTBOM 60JibllIHX :>KeJie3HbIX .n:opor.

y

IIIBeii:u;apu;eB He 6bIJIO HMqero rro.n;o6Horo; HanpoTHB, HX nyTM

209
eme rrperpa)f(,ll;aJIMCb ropaMM, caMbIMM BblCOKMMM M caMbIMM He.n;OCT)'IIHbIMM B
EBporre. K TOMy )Ke, lllBeii:u;apm1 y.n.aJieHa OT MOp5I, Bee sarpaHMqHbie TOBapbI nrneii:u:apu;bI .ll.OJl)f(Hbl Be3TII .ll.OJII'IIM II .n:oporIIM rryTeM II OIIJiaqIIBaTb IIX
,Zl;Oporoii: IIOIIIJIIIHOM. Bepo5ITHO, BCJie,Zl;CTBIIe 3TOM IIOCJie;::i;Heii: rrpIIqIIHbl, IIX
TOBapbI c6brnaIOTC5I rrpeIIMymecTBeHHO B OT.n;aJieHHbie CTpaHbl II c6bIBaIOTC.SI c
6oJibIIIIIM ycrrexoM. Ilo CTaTIICTIIKe <DpaHCU:MHII y)f(e B 1845 r. IIIBeiiu:apcKM
TOproBJI5I .n:ocTaBJI5IJia rrpII6bIJIII ITO 185 cpp. Ha Ka)f(.n;Oro )f(IITeJI5I, Me)f(.n:y TeM
KaK rnproBJI5I ABcTpIIII .n.aBaJia TOJibKo 16, IlpyccIIII 40, <DpaHU:IIII - 71,
a EeJibrIIII 107 cppaHKOB Ha qeJioBeKa.
L(a, U:IIcppbI 6bIBaIOT IIHOr.n;a KpacHopeqMBbl. Ilo3TOMY Mbl OCTaHOBIIMC5I
Terrepb Ha HIIX HeCKOJibKO .ZJ:OJibIIIe II IIOCTapaeMC5I coo6IIJ;IITb qIITaTeJIIO Ha OCHOBaHIIII cpaBHIITeJibHOM CTaTIICTIIKII cpIIHaHCOB Pe.n;eHra II BblqIIcJieHIIM
HayBepKa (B HeMeu;Koii: Monatsschrift sa 1851 r.) HeKOTOpb1e .n;aHHbie
o rocy.n.apcrneHHbIX pacxo,Z1;ax eBporreiicKIIX Hau;IIii. MbI 6y.n;eM rrepeBO.ZJ:IITb
ace u;ucppbI B ryJib.ZJ:eHbl. 06ma5I cyMMa .n;oJira repMaHCKMX rocy.n:apcTB paBIDl.liaCb B 1848 r. 2 112 869 381 ryJib.n;eHy, a rrocJie 1848 r. 2 937 337 460
ryJib.ZJ:. B HeMeu;Koii ABcTpIIII cyMMa pacxo.n;oB Ha 1847 r. paBH5IJiacb
98 000 000, a B 1849 - 177 000 000. B IlpyccIIII pacxo.n;hI B 1846 r. cocTaBJI5IJIII 172 484 086; B 1850 218 666 959; B EaBapIIII B 1842-1843
43 690 827, B 1849-1850 - 53 298 474; B CaKCOHMM B 1846-1847 17 000 000; 1850-1851 - 24 116 619. B faHHOBepe B 1846-1847 15 549 937; 1848-1849 - 20 716 073. i(Bop CTOIIJI B IIpyccIIII B 1849 9 916 893, B EaBapIIII B 1849-1850 - 2 953 408, B CaKCOHIIII B 18461848 - 1 212 501, B B10pTeM6epre B 1846-1847 - 1 129 933, B Ea;::i;eHe
B 1851 917 000. Ha co.n.ep)f(aHIIe apMHII B Ilpyccuu B 1850 r. IIIJIO
98 447 233, B EaBapnII 1850-1851 - 13 436 307, B CaKCOHIIII B 18501851 - 10 000 000, B faHHOBepe B 1850 - 3 480 440, B B10pTeM6epre B
1848-1849 - 5 748 859, B Ea.n;eHe B 1848-1849 - 5 172 481. IIocJie
1848 r. fepMaHII5I e)f(erO,ll;HO TpaTIIJia Ha co.n.ep)f(aHIIe CBOIIX .ZJ:BOpOB
26 300 414, Ha co.n;ep)f(aHIIe apMIIII 256 432 434 ryJib.ZJ:eHa. 06mIIe pacxo.n;b1
paBH5IIOTC5I 617 157 123 ryJib.ZJ:eHaM B ro.n;. 3a IIOCJie.ZJ:HIIe 5 JieT OHII yBeJrn'IHJillCb Ha 41%, paCXO.ll,bl Ha BOMCKO Ha 142%; paCXO.ZJ:bl Ha co.n:ep)f(aHIIe
1
,naopoB cocTaBJI5IJill 4 / 2 % o6meii: cyMMbI pacxo.n;oB. Pacxo.n.bl Ha co.n:ep)f(aHHe .ll.BOpOB, Ha apMHIO, Ha rrpou;eHTbl M Ha rroraIIIeHlle rocy.n;apCTBeHHOro
,llOJira cocTaBJI5IJIII 60% Bceii: cyMMbI pacxo.n;oB. Pas.n;eJIIIB cyMMY pacxo.n.oB
JlQ qlICJIO )f(IITeJieii:, IIOJiyqIIM Ha Ka)f(.n;Oro qeJIOBeKa 13 cpJI. 48 Kp.' ll3 HIIX
Ha apMIIIO 5 cpJI. 42 Kp. u Ha co.n:ep)f(aHIIe .n;Bopa - 35 Kp. B lllBeii:u;apIIn Ha Ka)f(.n:oro )f(I1TeJI5I rrpIIXO.ZJ:llTC5I rocy.n;apcrneHHbIX pacxo.n;oB 6 cpJI.
40 Kp., II3 HIIX Ha apMMIO - 51 Kp. B lllBeii:u;apuM qMHOBHllKll He IIOJiyqaIOT
60JiblllllX OKJia.n;oB, a 0 rreHCII5IX TaM He IIMeIOT ll IIOH5ITII.SI, Me)f(.n:y TeM, KaK

210

Perettc6yprcKMH co6op

2tt

4% o6m:eil: cyMMbI rocy.n.apcTBeHHbIX pacXO.ZJ.OB, BO <DpaHUMM 5%, B fepMaHMM 7-8 1/ 2%. B 610.n.)KeTe B. fepuorCTBa Ea.n.eHcKoro Ha 1833 ro.n. Ha neHCMM Ha3Haqa.n:acb cyMMa B 1 008 984
ry.Tlb.ZJ.eHa. 3aMeqaTeJibHO, KpOMe Toro, qTo B IlpyccMM, B .3TOM «uapCTBe lIHTeJIJIMreHUlIM:», Ha Hapo.n.Hoe o6pa3oBaHMe M.ZJ.eT TOJibKO 12I 3% Bcex pacxo.n.oB,
ror.n.a KaK Ha apMMlO TpaTMTCH 6oJiee 30% (B 1850 r. .n.a)Ke 45%); ABcTpMH
TpaTMT Ha yqMJium;a (no Bceil: MMnepuu) OKOJIO 3 MJIH. ryJib.ZJ.eHoB, EaBapMH OKOJIO 800 000 ryJib.ZJ.eHOB, T.e. BCe-TaKlI 6oJibIIIe <DpattUlilI, lI3 orpoMHOro 610,lOl<eTa Kornpoil: (1867 r. 1 994 966 319 cpp.) He 6oJiee 20 MJIH. npell,Ha3HaMa.n:ocb Ha Hapo.n.Hoe o6pa3oBaHMe, a lllBeil:uapcKMR co103 Bbill,eJIHeT 1/ 8 qacTb
H3 o6m:eil: cyMMbl ,Ll,OXO/l,OB, T. e. 6oJiee 2 500 000 cpp., Ha yqMJIMm;a.
PyKa 06 pyKy c pa3BMTMeM npoMbIIIIJieHHOCTM u.n.eT M noBceMecTHoe pa3BMTMe npoJieTapMaTa. B f epMaHMlI OH He .ZJ.OCTMr em:e TaKMX KOJIOCCaJibHbIX
pa3MepoB, KaK B AHrJIMM, HO 3aTo M pa3BMTMe HeMeuKoii npoMbIIIIJieHHOCTM
MO)KeT 6bITb Ha3BaHO BeCbMa CKpOMHbIM B cpaBHeHMH c pa3BHTHeM aHrJIHRCKOR. O.z:i:ttaKo npoJieTapHaT y)Ke BCTpeqaeTCH MeCTaMH B fepMaHHH co BCeMH
CBOHMH xapaKTepHbIMH oco6eHHOCTHMH. Bcero BbffO.ZJ.Hee noJIO)KeHHe pa6oqux
,AOJI)KHO 6bITb B lllBeil:uapHM, r.n.e, c 0,Ll,HOR CTOpOHbl, OTCYTCTBHe 60JibIIIHX
ropo,Ll,OB npeIIBTCTByeT CKOnJieHHlO 60JibIIIHX Mace npOJieTapHeB, a c .n.pyroil: •¢a6pttqHhie:» He noJIHOCTblO ycTpaHeHbI OT BJia.ZJ.eHHH 3eMJieil:. B MeCTHOCTHX,
r.n.e He cym:ecrnyeT .3TOro nocJiell,Hero ycJIOBHH (Hanpn:Mep BO MHOrHX npOMbIllIJieHHhIX OKpyrax fepMamm), rnproBbie KpH3HCbl Hepe,Ll,KO corrpOBO)Kll,alOTCH
. KaTaCTpocpaMH rOJIO.ZJ.HOR H3Bbl, MHoro pa3 B TeqeHHe HbIHeIIIHero CTOJieTHH
tonycTOIIIaBIIIeil: XlI)KHHbl npH,Ll,lIJlbID:lIKOB H TKaqeil:. TaM fOJIO.ZJ. BbIIlOJIHHJI TO,
: 'ITO cqn:TaeT «nOJilIT.3KOHOMHqecKOR Heo6xoll,HMOCTblO:» aHrJllIRCKHR nOJIHT.3KOHOM Ma.n:bTyc, c0Bery10m;ttil: ,Ll,JIH npe.n.ornpam;eHHH qpe3MepHoro pa3MHO)KeHHH
;KaceJieHMH H nayneptt3Ma y6n:BaTb 6e,ZJ,HbIX HJIH MX .n.eTeii. KoHeqHo, roJio,n:: HhIR THcp noczynaeT He TaK .n.emIKaTHO, KaK COBeTyeT Ma.n:bTYC npn:MeHeHHTb
'.iiia npaKTMKe CBOlO TeopMlO. 3Ta TeOplIH, XOTH H Bbipa)KeHHM «B HeXplICTH1 a.HCKM rpy6oil: cpopMe:», OTJIJfqHo corJiacyeTCH c .n.yxoM aHrJilIRCKOR nJiyToKpa:·iTHH. J.{oKa3aTeJibCTBOM .3TOfO MO)KeT CJIY)KlITb aHrJIMRCKHR 3aKOH 0 6e,ZJ,HbIX
i·' (Poor law) M npouBeTa10m:tte no.n. ero oxpaHoii pa6oque .n.oMa (Workhouses).
CueHbl y)Kaca10m:eil: Httm;eTbl H B03Mym;a10m:ero CKOTCTBa, npOHCXO,ZJ,Hm;He TaM,
: K HecqacTblO, Hepe,Ll,KH lI B fepMaHHH. CTOHT TOJibKO BCnOMHHTb, qTO B IO)K' uoil: fepMaHttM KpecTbHHCKMii 6aTpaK noJiyqaeT KpoMe nMm;M Bcero 10-12
ttpeil:uepoB, cMoTpH no BpeMem1 ro.n.a M csoil:crny noJieBhIX pa6m, a Ha CeBepe
' f epMaHMM M B CMJie3HM - 4- 8 3MJib6eprpoIIIeii. Ha BTOT 3apa6oToK, K ToMy
. xce em:e .n.a.n:eKo He nocTOHHHbIR, OH ,ZJ,OJI)KeH co.n.ep)KaTb cBoe ceMeil:cTBo. He. l'PYlJ.HO npe.n.cTaBMTb ce6e nocJie .3TOro, KaKOBbl .ZJ.OJI)KHbl 6bITb )KlIJHim;a .3TlIX
i npoJieTapHeB, KaKOBO ll,OJl)KHO 6bITh cpH3IfqecKoe II HpaBCTBeHHOe COCTOHHHe
B AHrmu1 Ha neHcm1 npuxo,ZJJITCH

212
IIX ceMeiicTB! Be3 npeyBeJiw:1eHII5I MO)l(HO cKa3aTb, qTo 3TO TaKIIe )l(e ~6eJibie

pa6bI~, KaK II IIX co6paTb5I no HIIII!eTe B 60JibIIIIIX cpa6pIIqHbIX ropo)J;ax; IIX
nOJIO)l(eHIIe )J;a)l(e xy)l(e: OHII He MoryT TaK JierKO MeH5ITb MeCTa; )];a K TOMy )l(e
COBepIIIeHHO HeBepHO 6bIJIO 6bI AyMaTb, 6yLJ:TO KpeCTb.HHIIH 6oJiee CHIICXO)J;HTeJibHbIH xo3.HHH, qeM cpa6pHKaHT. KpecTb.HHHH, LJ:a)l(e 3a)l(HToqHbiii H 6oraTbill, BbIKa3bIBaeT o6bIKHOBeHHO caMOe B03MYTHTeJibHOe paBHOLJ:YIIIHe KO BCeM
BbICIIIHM HHTepecaM. 0TTOfO BO MHOrHX MeCTHOCT.HX fepMaHHH yqHTeJib ceJibCKOH IIIKOJibI noJiyqaeT COLJ:ep)l(aHHe xy)l(e CBHHOnaca. B IloMepaHHH HeKOTO-

46 - 50

pbie yqHTeJI.H )l(HBYT )J;OXO)J;OM c nOJI5I B
BaHbeM B

42 - 60

HHTeJIJIHreHI!HH~ OT

20- 25 000

KBa)];paTHbIX pyTeHOB H )l(aJIO-

TaJiepoB. BoT BbIIIHCKa II3 nHCbMa O)J;HOfO H3 3THX ~pa6oB

1846

r: ~51 H MOe ceMeii:crno, Mbl )l(HBeM He JiyqIIIe Tex

)l(HTeJiell JloHLJ:OHa, KOTOpb1e, BCTaBM yTpoM, He 3HaIOT, qeM npo-

)l(HBYT )J;eHb. JlpyrHe )J;eTII Hae)J;aIOTC.H )J;OCbITa H BeceJI5ITC.H, a MOH, c nycTbIMII )l(eJiy)J;KaMH II HCXy)J;aJiblMII JIHUaMH, TOJibKO neqaJibHO fJI.H)J;.HT Ha HHX.
lfeJIOBeK, KOTopoMy KYCOK XJie6a HHKOr)J;a He CTOHJI CJie3, He nOllMeT CTpa)];aHIIll Tex, )J;JI.H KOfO 3TH cJie3bI Hepe)J;KO e)J;IIHCTBeHHa.H npm1paBa K nm11e. lfaCTO )J;eTII MOH c KpIIKOM npoc.HT y MeH.H KYCKa XJie6a H BbIMaHHBaIOT y KpecTb.HHHHa o6be)J;KH, KOTOpbIX He eCT HII OH, HH ero )J;en1; )];a, HHIIIeTa BeJIIIKa!~.
lfTO KacaeTC.H ~pa6oB npoMbIIIIJieHHOCTH~, Mbl npHBe)J;eM 06 HX cpe)J;CTBax
K )l(H3HII HeCKOJlbKO )J;OCTOBepHbIX )J;aHHbIX: B

1845-1856 rr.

HOll BynnepcKOll AOJIHHe 6oJibIIIIIHCTBO TKaqell, pa6oTa.H no
KII, He noJiyqaJIII II

2

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2/3

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TaJiepoB B He)J;eJIIO. BHJiecpeJib)J;CKHe np.HLJ:IIJibIIIIIKH TOH-

KOll np.H)l(H 3apa6aTbIBaJIH B )J;eHb
BTOporo copTa -

B 6JiafOCJIOBeH-

15

2

3HJib6eprpoIIIa, np.HLJ:IIJibIIIHKH HHTOK

ncpeHHIIroB; H Ha nO)J;06Hblll 3apa60TOK )J;OJI)l(HO 6bIJIO

Bcero HaCeJieHH.H CTpaHbI! lfernepTa.H qacTb np5IAHJibIIIHKOB npHXO-

)J;OB BepTep H JlopH6epr 3apa6aTbIBaJia 3a
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2

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TaJiepa, T. e.

3
1
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2

noJiyqaJia TOJibKO IIJiaTy 3a JieH. B BaJIJieH6p10Ke,

TaJiepa qHCTOfO 6apbIIIIa ( 11/2 3rp. B )J;eHb), noJIOBIIHa 3a

10 - 11

1
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3IIJib6eprpoIIIa farp.),

IllneHre H EHrepe qernepTM AOJI.H np.HLJ:HJibIIIIIKOB noJiyqaJia 3a

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)];Hell -

ncpeHHHfOB B )J;eHb; OCTaJibHbie He noJiyqaJIH HHqero. Bo

MHorrrx MeCTHOCT.HX CKYLJ:Hblll 3apa60TOK 3TIIX pa60THIIKOB eme 3Haq1ueJibHO
yMeHblllaJIC.H BCJie)J;CTBIIe BBe)J;eHII.H rHyCHOll CIICTeMbl nJiaTbI HaTypoll: X03.HIIH nJiaTIIJI CBOHM pa6aM He )J;eHbraMII, a HIIKyLJ:a He fO)J;HbIM TOBapoM, KOTOpblll OHH )J;OJl)l(Hbl 6bIJIH nepenpo)J;aBaTb 3a 6ec11eHOK, qrn6bI LJ:06bITb ce6e KyCOK xJie6a. B yroJibHbIX KOnHHX Ha Pype xopoIIIHll pa6oTHIIK Mor 3a
HenpepbIBHOll pa60TbI noJiyqHTb

9 - 11

8

3rp. ; HO npH 3TOM OH )J;OJI)l(eH 6bIJI

)l(eqb JiaMny, B KOTopoll cropaJio 3a 3TO BpeM.H, no KpallHell Mepe, Ha
MacJia. ToJibKO oqeHb xopoIIIHll pa6oTHHK Mor 3apa6oTaTb B Mee.Hu
6oJibIIIIIHCTBO )l(e rroJiy"l:laJio He 6oJiee

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7- 8

9

1 3rp.

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TaJiepoB. B 6oJibIIIIIX ropoLJ:ax

213
pa6oTa OIUia"lJimarraeb HeeKOJibKO .nyqrne, HO Beeb M3JIMIIIeK IUiaTbl llOfJIOrn:arreH
.noporoBM3HOH KBapTrrp M )l{M3HeHHbIX 11prrnaeoB. B EepJIMHe B y110MMHaeMoe

15-22
3rp. B ,ZJ,eHb; 11pa"llKa 3apa6aTbrnarra B ,ll.eHb 17 2 3rp., rJiaAMJiblll;MI..i;a 1015, UBeTO"lJHMUa - 71/2, BbIIIIMBa.TibIIJ:MUa - 3-12, 11ep"llaTO"lJHMUa - 3,

HaMM BpeMH IUIOTHMK llOJIY"CJa.TI

20,

eallO)l{HMK -

15-20,

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/

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3rp.; llPM 3TOM Ha.ll:O 6paTb ern:e B pae"lleT' "llTO Bee 3TM

pa60THMKM M pa60THMUbl TepHJIII OT

2 ,ll.0 6 MeeHueB

B ro,ZJ,, KOr,ll.a OHM BeJie,ZJ,-

eTBMe 3aeT05I B pa6oTaX OeTaBa.TIIIeb 6e3 ,ZJ,eJia . .l{o eaMbIX HeBepOHTHbIX pa3MepoB HMIIJ:eTbl 11pOMbIIIIJieHHOe pa6erno ,l:J,OIIIJIO B ,ZJ,epeBHHX TKa"lJeH B peiixeH6axeKOM oKpyre CrrJie3MM. TaM 11pIIJie)l{HbIH TKa"ll 3apa6aTbIBa.TI B He,ZJ,eJIIO Beero

3-4

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ee6H

M Bee eBoe eeMetteT-

BO; TaK "llTO pa6o"llrre TaM llO"llTII yMttparrtt e roJio,ZJ,y. Bnpo"lleM, B 3HMbI

1847

1844-

rr. TaKaH y-qaeTb BbIIla.Tia Ha ,l:J,OJIIO He 0,l:J,HHX TOJibKO peiixeH6axeKHX

pa6o"llIIX. B

KeJibHe B 3HMY

1844

r.

30 000

"lleJioBeK Hrrrn:eHeTBOBaJIH.

IlpoJieTapIIH ,ZJ,06bIBa.TIII llOMOH Ha BO,ll.O"llHbIX 3aBO,ll.aX II eJIH lIX"BMeeTo eyna.
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Ilpyeerrtt: TbieH"CJH eeMeMeTB He IIMeJIII TaM HII TOllJIHBa, HH XJie6a, HH pa60Tbl.
B Hepa3pbIBHOM eBH3H e 11ay11eptt3MOM pa3BHBa.TIHeb II Bee llOpOKII H 11peezy11JieHHH, 11opoJKAaeMbie 6e,ZJ,HoeTbIO. )KH3Hb 11poJiernpIIeB 110 6oJibrneiI -qaeTII
rrpe,ZJ,eTaBmieT 6oJiee RJIM MeHee 6bieTpoe yMeplll,BJiettrre TeJia rr ,nyxa. CoTHM
TbieH"ll ,ZJ,eTeH, npHKOBaHHbie e rneenrneTHero B03paeTa K MaIIIIIHaM Ha cpa6pttKax, nortt6aIOT ern:e ,l:J,0 eoBeprneHHOJieTHH, oeTaBJI5I5I e,ZJ,HHeTBeHHbIM eJie,ZJ,OM
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l1

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!

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H3 6n6JinoMaHHH. Boo6m:e, TPH nep-

Bbie ,ll;eCHTIUieTHH HbIHeIIIHero CTOJieTHH 03HaMeHOBaHbl KpynHblMH yroJIOBHbI-

! MM npoI(eccaMH, HOCHIU;HMH Ha ce6e orqacTH xapaKTep TaHHCTBeHHOCTH. Ilpn-

~. noMHHM ,Zl;eJio <l>oHKa n faMaxepa B KeJibHe, y6niicTBO cTapocTbI KeJIJiepa B
JIIOI(epHe,

17 JieT CKpbIBaBrnero

CJia,Zl;OCTpaCTHO KpOBaBbie ITOXO)K,Zl;eHHH ~y6n.H:­

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f, reHe ITO,ll;MacTepbeM EpeMOM, TO)Ke CJibIBIIIHM B Hapo,Zl;e 3a CBHTOfO. Ho Bepx
'1

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1831 r.

3Ta HeOObIKHOBeHHas:I B CBOeM po,Zl;e )KeHIU;HHa, )Klf-

Boe OJIHI(eTBOpeHHe Tm;ecJiaBHH, 3JI06bI H JIHI(eMepHH, ,Zl;OIIIJia ,ll;O KaKOH-TO

1 ,neMOHlfqecKo.H: cTpacTH K y6HHCTBy. OTPaBHB CBOHX po,Zl;HTeJieii, ,Zl;eTe.H:, My)Ka

:, H HeCKOJibKHX )KeHHXOB, OHa CTaJia HaKOHeI( qyBCTBOBaTb KaKyIO-TO Herrpe' 0,Zl;OJIHMYIO HaKJIOHHOCTb ITO,ll;HOCHTb CMepTOHOCHbIH rropoIIIOK Ka)K,Zl;OMy' KTO
. CTOHJI eii: nonepeK ,Zl;OporH. lfro CKa3aTb 0 )KeHIU;HHe, KOTOpas:I, yMepTBHB Bcex,
i

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220
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1841

ro,Zl;y: MOJIO,Zl;a.H )KeHa O,ll;HOfO

CTap1ma CfOBOp1rnacb co CBOMM JII060BHIIKOM y6MTb My)Ka. IIpII IIOMOil(lI MeCTHOH 6a6KM pernetttte 3TO 6bIJIO ocyru:ecrnJieHo II npIITOM caMbIM )KeCTOKIIM
o6pa3oM. Bcero B03MYTMTeJibHee B 3TOM ,Zl;eJie TO, l:JTO npecryntta.H l:feTa TOTl:fac
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30

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1852 r.

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4

B rnaxTy' KOTopaH -

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MX 6paTCKOH JII06BII.
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XVIII

cToJieTMH ttaruJia ce6e BO <l>paHU,IIII npopoKoB B JIIIU,e

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Y3KMX paMKax cyxoii: rrpoTeCTaHTCKoii ,Zl;orMaTMKM. XoTH poMaHTM3M HBMJICH
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221
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1814

roaa,

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1836 r.

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KHMra -

132

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1817 r.

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«Historisch

politische Blatten, nraBHoro opraHa rrarrII3Ma. HeBhIJJ:ep)KaH-

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CKOM HeJieIIOCTII -

1844

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ueayMTOB B lllBeiiu;apIIII -

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YJihM

224
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B

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120

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225
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1819 - 1843 rr.

B ceMeii:cTBe 3a)KHTOqHoro KpeCTb5IHHHa IleTe-

pa, rrpeti:cTaBJI51eT HaM rrpHMep Toro, KaK peJIHrH03HOCTb B yMax HeKOTOpbIX
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Ta

1823 r.

15

Map-

pacrr51Jia CBOIO cecTpy, ~qT06hI rro6eti:HTh carnHy», 11 B 3aKJIIOqeHHe

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CBJITbie»! -

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nyq. 51

fOBOpIO 0 TporaTeJib-

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c yMa

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y crrex

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:leJiaJia BCeB03MO)KHbie ycHJIH51, qTQ6bI IIOMep)KaTb LJ:Oporoe ee cepti:U.Y fOCIIOA('TBO. B TO )Ke BpeM51 poMaHTHKa CBOHMH ti:paMaMH H poMaHaMH, rti:e qepTH I1
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226
JUIJia B yMax TO aHTl1Haycrnoe HaITpaBJieHlle, KOTOpoe pa3Bl1JIOCb ITOTOM B TyMaHI-Ihie Teop1111 COMHaM6yJll13Ma H MarHeTl13Ma l1 .Ll:OIIIJIO HaKOHel( .n:o cyMac6po.n:crn CITl1Pl1Tl13Ma; 3TO HaITpaBJieHlle ITPll ITOMOII(ll y11eHl1H 0 «TeMHbIX CTOpoHax

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c Tpy,n:oM Bepl1TCH,

HO, K CO)KaJieHllIO, COBeprneHHO

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1847

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B 51pcpye «Kenigsworte in Volksliedern~ PH,n:OM c 3Tl1Ml1 ITpOHBJieHllHMH
C03HaTeJibHOH ITOJl:JIOCTll CJie,n:OBaJIO 6bI ITpl1BeCTl1 HeCKOJibKO CXBal.J:eHHbIX 113
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BbI3BaJil1 peaKI(llIO. Cpe.n:11 KaTOJillKOB HBl1Jil1Cb TaK Ha3brnaeMbie «.n:py3hH cBe-

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1849 r.

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6y.n:ymeM. DOJiee ycITeIIIHbIM 11cxo.n: l1MeJia OITIT03l1l(l1H repMaHl13Ma ITPOTllB
poMaHl13Ma B lllBeill(ap1111. TaM ,n:a)Ke y,n:aJIOCb B

1847

ro.n:y BOBce H3rHaTb

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1848

r. o6cKypaHTl13M rrp1106peJI HOBYIO Cl1JIY B fepMaHl1l1. l1e3yl1TCKl1e

Ml1CCl1l1 CTaJill XO.Ll:l1Tb ITO BCeH fepMaHl1l1. 3Tl1 «BHyTpeHHlle

Ml1CCl1l1~ (BHeIII-

HHH Ml1CCl1H BbIMaHl1BaeT e)KefO.Ll:HO .n:ecHTKll TbICHl.J: 113 KapMaHa Hapo.n:a MH
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TY

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OKeatta~) CJiy)KaT

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HaTaJIKl1BaeMcH MbI Ha IIJIOJl:hI 3Toro B03po,n:11BrnerocH cJieIToro Xatt)Kecrna. Mb1
Haxo,n:11M OTITel.J:aTKll ero ,n:a)Ke Ha cy,n:e6HbIX ITPOTOKOJiax.

B 1850

r. MIOHXeH-

CKllM cy.n: pa3611paJI ,n:eJio JiexJIH 11 JlaKJIH o 3aKJI11HaH1111 .n:yxoB 11 11cKyrrJieH1111 .n:yrn; ITO,n:po6HOCTl1 3TOf0 ,n:eJia MOfJill 6bI 3aHHTb ITOl.J:eTHOe MeCTO B «MoJIOTe Be,n:bM~.

B

TO )Ke BpeMH B T10611ttreHCKOM cy.n:e paccMaTpl1BaJIOCh ,n:eJio

227
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e peMecJio». B 1852

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H3fHaTeJib 6ecoB, BbIMaHHBIIIHH y 0.ll,HOro rnynoBaToro KpeCTb.HHHHa
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600

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110.ll, npe.ll,JIOfOM OTbICKaHH.H KJia,ll;a H nOJIYllHBIIIHH, KpoMe Toro, KaK 3HacrnJIOCb B cqeTe,

92

cpJI. sa ~M11po, KOTOpbIM 6hIJI noMasaH XpttcToc». BcKope

nocJie Toro cy.11. npHC.HiKHbIX B JIID.ll,BHrc6ypre npOH3HeC npHrOBOp Ha,ll; 0.ll,HHM
H3 BaiKHeMIIIHX ntteTHCTOB, rnaBoH: TaHHoro o6inecrna, foTTcppll.ll:OM BeHreJieM
H3 JlaycpcpeHa, KOTOpbIH CKJIOHHJI .ll,01Ib CBOI() K npeJIID60.11.e.HHHI() H y6HJI
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cy.11.e. B BeJIHKOM repnorcTBe fecceHCKOM B

1853

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10

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B

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CTpe~rneHHH: B 1852 r. HeKHH

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24 .HHBap.H 1866 r.

/lHpeKTOp fHMHa3HH

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1847 r.

npocpeccop PayMep, KOToporo, KoHeq-

110, yiKe HHKTO He sanO.ll,03pHT B peBOJIIDll;HOHHbIX CTpeMJieHH.HX, B O.ll,HOH H3
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6bIJIO HanncaHO B TaKOM TOHe, 1ITO noKa3aJIOCb HH3KOnOKJIOHHbIM .ll,aiKe
Allgemeine Zeitung 11 sacTaBHJIO ee BcnoMHHTb Hero.11.oeaHHe Mosepa 11 lIIJiel{epa npoTHB ~co6a1Ibero CMHpeHH.H» H ~nOJIHTH1IeCKOf0 JiaKeHCTBa» HeMu;eB.

<I> PAHK<l>YPT-HA-MAMHE

230
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1851

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30864

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2 543 062 yqeHIIKaMII, 505 6roprepeKIIX yqHJIIIIII e 2269 yqIITeJI.HMII II
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JI.HMII II

1ho6bI ey,n:IITb 06 ye11exax yqeHIIKOB Hapo,n:HhIX IIIKOJI, IIHTepeeHO rrpoeMOTpeTb ,n:aHHbie epaBHIITeJibHOM CTaTIIeTIIKII OTHOeIITeJibHO rpaMOTHOeTII peKpyTOB pasJIJiqHhIX eTpaH EBpo11b1. B AttrnIIII B

1864 r.

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1864

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19%;

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B PoeeIIII -

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1

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30 JieT TOMy

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246
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254

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f JI. 25.

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f JI. 26.

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c

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258
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63

COJIM,n;a.

L{o6.: KTo ttarra,n;eT Ha qy)Koii ,n;oM, cJioMaeT rnM ,n:BepII, y6beT co6aK, II3-

200 COJIIIL(OB.
BopoBCKII orpa61IT cmnuero qeJioBeKa, 100 coJIH,n:on.
orpa6IIT MepTBeua .n:o rrpe,n:aHIIH ero 3eMJie, 100 coJIII.l(OB.
oTpoeT Tpyrr II orpa6IIT ero, - 200 coJIII.l(OB.

paHIIT JIIO,l(eH H yBe3eT OTTy,n;a 'ITO-HII6y.n;b Ha B03y, L{o6. : K TO
L{o6.: KTO
L{o6.: KTO

xv.

06

y6IIMCTBe If ecJIII KTO yBe3eT qy)KyIO )Ketty

KTo y6beT CB06o,n:Horo IIJIII yBe3eT qy)KyIO )Ketty OT )KlIBOro My)Ka, -

200

COJIII,l(OB.

XVI. 0 rro,n:)Korax
1. KTO 3aIIaJIIIT ,l(OM

Ha,l( JIIO,l(bMII C115IIIIIIMII, TO BCe cno6o,n:Hbie, CKOJlbKO

MX 6hIJIO BHYTPH, ,n;oJI)KHhI rrpIIBJie1Ib ero, H ec;rn 'ITO BHYTPII cropIIT, -

63

COJIII,l(a.

2.

KTo rro,n;o)K)KeT ,n:oM, KJieTb HJIH [Mttoe] )KIIJibe, -

3.
4.
5.

KTO 110,l(O)K)KeT XJieB co CBHHb5IMII IIJIII CTOiiJia co CKOTOM, -

KTO rro.n;o)K)KeT aM6ap c xJie6oM IIJIII ryMHo, KTO 110,ll;O)K)KeT qy)KOH 3a6op IIJIII II3fOPOAb, -

XVII. 0

C5I,

63

63
15

coJII1,n:a.

cOJm,n:a.

63

COJIII,l(a.

COJIII,l(OB.

pattax

1.

KTO 3aXo1IeT y6IITb .z:i:pyroro n 3TO He y.z:i:acTCH, -

63

2.

KTo 3axo1IeT 11opa3IITb .z:i:pyroro OTpaBJiettttoii CTpeJioii II 11poMaxtteT-

-

63

3.

KTO y,n;apIIT ,n;pyroro no fOJIOBe, TaK 'ITO BII,LJ;eH CTaHeT M03f II Bbrna-

COJIII,l(a.

AYT TPII KOCTH, KOTOpbie HaXO,ll;5ITC5I Ha,ll; caMbIM M03roM, -

4.

COJIII,l(a.

30

COJIII,l(OB. * *.

EcJIII )Ke y.n.ap rrpII,l(eTC5I B pe6pa IIJIH B )KIIBOT, TaK 'ITO 6y.z:i:eT OTKpbI-

TaH paHa, ,l(OXO,LJ;5IIIIaH ,n;o BHyTpeHHOCTeii, -

30

COJIII,ll;OB, ,n;a Ha Jie1IeHIIe

5

COJIII,l(OB.

5.

KTO y.n:apIIT 1IeJIOBeKa TaK, 'ITO KpOBb llOJibeTCH Ha 3eMJIIO, -

15 COJIII,l(OB.

* A11eMattcKa5I IlpaB,n:a, XXVII, 1; KTD rrpe3pMT rre'!aTb, rpaMoTy MJIM mo6oli: 3HaK
repu;ora [ 3aMeH5IIOIIJ,MM rre'JaTb MJIM rpaMOTY ], - 12 COJI.
** PnrryapcKAA IlpaB,n:a, LXVIII, 1: EcJIM Koro y.n:ap5IT no roJioBe MJIM no MHOM '!aCTM
TeJia M BbIIIa,n:eT KOCTb, KOTOpa5I, 6y,n:y'IM 6pornetta Ha Ill.MT, M3,n:aCT 3ByK, CJibIIIIMMbIH
qepe3 ,n:opory B 12 <PYTOB, - 36 COJI. 2. EcJIM )Ke BbIIIa,n:eT 60JibIIIe KOCTeli:, TO 3a
Ka)l(,n:yIO 3By'laIIJ,yIO KOCTb rrpn6aBJI5IeTC5I COJIM,7.(.

259
6. EcJUI CB060tJ,HbIM yt1.ap1IT CB060tJ,HOro
llO 1'peX yt1.apoB, sa Ka)l{,Tl,bIM, - 3 COJIII,Tl,OB.
7. A ecJIII KpoBb
.neaoM.
fi 8. KTo KyJiaKoM
11

IlaJIKOM, a KpOBb He IlOMtJ,eT, TO

noH:tJ,eT, OH rrnaTIIT TaKyIO neHIO, KaK 6y ti.TO paHIIJI )l{e-

yt1.apIIT t1.pyroro TpII)KtJ.bI, l(a)K,n:bIM y.n:ap ti.a.TI OH no 3 COJIII,Tl,OB.

XVIII.

9

coJIIItJ.OB, TaK ..no6b1 sa

KTo HemmHoro o6BHHHT rrepe,n KopoJieM

KTo 06mrn1u nepet1. KopoJieM qeJioBeKa HeBIIHHoro, 0TcyTCTBy10m:ero,
63 COJIII.ll;OB.
)lo6.: EcJIII )Ke OH B03BetJ,eT Ha Hero TaKoe npecTynJieHIIe, sa KOTopoe,
6y,n;b 3TO npaBtJ,a, IlOJiaraeTC5l CMepTb, - 200 COJIII,Tl,OB*.

XIX. 0 qapot1.eH:crne
1. KTO tJ,aCT t1.pyr0My IICillITb 3eJibe, TaK qTo TOT yMpeT, - 200 COJIII,Tl,OB.
2. KTo COTBOpIIT KOMOBCTBO** Hall. ll.PYflIM, a TOT cnaceTC5I, - 63 COJIIItJ,a.
)lo6.: EcJIII )l{eHID:IIHa OKOJitJ,yeT t1.pyry10, qTo6bI OHa He IIMeJia tJ,eTeM,
621/2 COJIII,n:a.

XX. KTo TpoHeT pyKy JIJIII
XXL 0 Kpa)Ke JIO,ll.OK

naJieu, cB06ot1.HOM )l{eHID:IIHhI

1. KTo TpoHeT qy)l{yIO JIO,n:Ky, He cnpoCIIB xos5lIIHa, II Ha HeH: nepenpaBIITCJI, -

2.

3.

3

COJIII,n:OB.

KTo )Ke yKpatJ,eT II caMyIO JIOtJ.Ky, KTo yKpatJ,eT JIOll.KY not1. sanopoM, -

15

coJIJI,n:OB.
35 coJIIItJ.OB.

XXII. 0

Kpa)l{e Ha MeJihHmi;e
EcJIII cB06ot1.HhIH yKpat1.eT Ha MeJihHIIIJ,e qy)l{oe sepHo, - MeJibHIIKY
COJIII,n:OB, a TOMy, qbe sepHO, em:e 15.
)lo6.: EcJIII OH yKpat1.eT TaM qTQ-JIJI6o II3 )l{eJiesa,
45 COJIII,Tl,OB.
)lo6.: EcJIII KTO JicnopTIIT MeJibHJiqHyIO ITJIOTIIHY,
15 COJIII,Tl,OB.

15

XXIII.

KTo C5ItJ.eT Ha qy)Koro KOHR, He cnpocJIB ero xosRJIHa
KTO npoe,n:eTC5I Ha qy)l{OM KOHe, He cnpoCIIB X035IIIHa, - 30 COJIII,Tl,OB***.

AlieMaHCKa.5! IlpaB,LJ,a, XIII: EcJIH CBo6o,LJ,Hhiii B3Be,LJ,eT Ha cBo6o,LJ,HOro rrpeCTy1rneHne,
IIOJiaraeTC.H cMepTb, H o6BHHHT ero rrepeJJ, KOpOJieM HJIH rep11oroM, H o6BnHeHne
Ile 6y,LJ,eT ,Ll,OKa3aHO H11qeM HHbIM, KpOMe ero CJIOB, TO o6BHH.HeMOMY J],03BOJI.HeTC.H O'IHCTHTb ce6.H o6Ha:>KeHHbIM MeqoM [ cpa:>Ka.HCb] c o6BHHHTeJieM.
OTpaBJieHne cqnTaJIOCh BHJJ.OM KOJIJJ.OBCTBa.
PyccKM IlpaB,ll,a: A:>Ke KTO Bc.H.n;eT Ha qro:>Kb KOHh He rrparnaB, TO 3 rpnBHbI.
•

aa KOTOpoe
**
***

260
XXIV. 06 y6ttikrne Ma.JIOJieTHHX
1. KTo y6beT Ma.Jih"l!HKa MOJIO:>Ke ,n:eCRTH JieT HJIH Ha ,n:ecRTOM ro,n:y, ,n:o ero
CTpH:>KKH, - 600 COJIHJlOB*.
LJ:o6.: KTO y6beT cB060,n:tty10 :>KeHIUHHy, - 600 coJIM,n:OB.
3. KTO y,n:apHT CB060,n:tty10 :>Kemu;Htty, 6epeMetttty10, H otta yMpeT, - 700
COJIH,n:OB.
LJ:o6.: KTO ocTpH:>KeT 6e3 corJiacH5l: po,n:HTeJieli cBo6o,n:ttoro Ma.Jib"l!HKa, eme
He CTpH:>KeHHOro, - 45 COJIHJlOB. **.
5. EcJIH KaKyIO-JIH6o BHHY COBepIIIHT MaJib"l!HK ,n:o 12 JieT, TO MHpOBbie
,n:etthrH (fredus) c ttero HHKOHM o6pa30M He 6epyTc5l:.
LJ:o6.: KTo y6heT CB060,n:tty10 ,n:eByIIIKy, - 300 COJIH,n:OB.
6. KTO y6beT CB060,n:tty10 :>KeHlllHHY llOCJie Toro, KaK Otta y:>Ke HMeJia .n:eTeM, - 600 COJIH.ll:OB***.
7. EcJIH OHa y:>Ke He MO:>KeT HMeTb ,n:eTeM, TO 3a ee y6HMCTBO - 200 COJIH,n:OB.

xxv.

0 11peJI1060,n:e5l:HH5l:X pa6bIHb
XXVI. 06 oTnycKe Ha [ noJrnyio] ceo6o.l(y
1. EcJIH CBo6o,n:HhIM «.n:ettapHeM~ oT11ycTHT -qy:>Koro JIHTa 11epe,n: KopoJieM,
He c11pocHB roc110,n:HHa ero, - 100 coJIH,n:oB. I1Mymecrno :>Ke JIHTa B03BpamaeTcR 110 3aKOHy* * * *.
2. KTo «.n:ettapHeM~ ocBo6o,n:HT -qy:>Koro pa6a 11epe,n: KopoJieM, IIJiaTHT roc110,n:HHY CTOHMOCTb pa6a, a KpoMe TOfO 35 COJIM,n:OB.

XXVII. 0 pa3HhIX Kpa:>Kax
1. KTo yKpa,n:eT 6y6eH"CJHK [c BO:>KaKa] -qy)KOfO CBHHOfO CTa,n:a, -

15 coJIH.ll:OB.
2. EcJIH :>Ke yKpa,n:eT c [,n:pyrttx] CBHHeM, - 3 COJIH,n:a.
3. KTo B03hMeT 11yThI c -qy:>Koli JIOIIIa,n:H, - 3 COJIM,n:a.
4. EcJIH :>Ke JIOIIIa,n:H OT 3TOro 11porra,n:yT, OH B03MemaeT HX CTOHMOCTb.
5. KTO BOpOBCTBa pa,n:H rrycTHT CKOT CBOM Ha "l!Y:>KOM rroceB, - 15 COJIM,n:OB.
LJ:o6.: KTo BOpOBCTBa pa,n:H 6y,n:eT :>KaTb "l!Y:>KYIO HHBy, - 15 COJIM,n:OB.
* CTpmKKa - Btternmrii: npH3HaK coBeprnettttoJieTmi:.
** JIII6o 3MaHCHnaQII5l. OT BJiaCTH po.11.HTeJIR, JIH6o

CTpHrJIH, ocTaBJI.sui: qy6.
T5l.)KKOe OCKop6JieHHe: ttaroJIO

OCTpII)KeHbl 6bIJIII pa6bI.
*** EaBapcKAA IlpaB.11.a, IV, 29: 3a )KeHIQIIHY )Ke ... Bcer.11.a nJiaTRT B.11.BOii:tte. TaK KaK
)KeHIQIIHa He MO)KeT 3am11maTbC5l. opy)KHeM, Otta noJiyqaeT J].BOMHOM BepreJib,[l.. EcJIII )Ke
no OTBare cBoero cep.11.ua 3axoqeT 6IITbCR, MY)KY no.11.06tto, TO BepreJib.11. eii: 6y.11.eT He
J].BOMHOM. 11 nyCTb IIMeeT Otta CTOJibKO )Ke, CKOJibKO 6paTb5l. ee.
**** P1myapcKAA IlpaB.11.a, VII, 1: EcJIII KTO caM HJIII qepe3 .11.pyroro, B npIIcyTCTBIIII
Kopomi:, OTnycTHT CBoero noJiycB060.11.ttoro Oibertus) tta CB060.11.y, no 3aKotty PttnyapcKoMy
H BblllIH6eT .11.eHapIIii:, 0 qeM ,[l.aHa 6y.11.eT rpaMoTa, TO Mbl HIIKOIIM o6pa30M He no3BOJI5l.eM
BepHyTb ero B pa6crno, HO nycTb OH OCTaHeTC5l. CB060J].HbIM, KaK OCTaJibHbie pIInyapQbI.

261
6.
7.

KTo BopoBcTBa pa,z::i;n 3aJie3eT B qyJKo:H ca,z::i;, -

coJIMJJ.OB.

KTo BopoBcTBa paJJ.M 3a6epeTCH Ha rpHJJ.bI c perro:H, 6o6aMM, ropoxoM

3

rum qeqeBnu;e:H, -

8.

15

coJIMJJ.a.

KTO c qyJKoro IIOJIH yKpaJJ,eT JieH M yBe3eT ero Ha JIOIIIaJJ,M MJIM Ha Te-

15 COJIM,l(OB.
9. EcJIM JKe CTOJibKO, CKOJibKO MOJKeT yHeCTM Ha CIIMHe, - 3 COJIMJJ,a.
10. KTo rroKocMT Ha qyJKoM Jiyry, Tep.HeT cBoli TPYJJ..
11. EcJIM JKe OTryJJ.a OH CBe3eT CeHO K ce6e JJ.OMOM M CBaJIMT ero, - 45

Jiere, -

co-

JIMJJ.OB.

12.

EcJIM

JKe

yKpa,z::i;eT CTOJibKO, CKOJibKO MOJKeT yHeCTM Ha CIIMHe, -

3

COJIM,l(a.

13.
15

KTo BOpOBCTBa paJJ,M co6epeT BMHorpaJJ, B qyJKoM BMHOrpaJJ,HMKe,

COJIMJJ.OB.

14. EcJIM JKe cBe3eT ero JJ.OMOM M CJIOJKMT TaM, - 45 coJIMJJ.OB.
15. 0THOCMTeJibHO JKaTBbl CJieJJ,yeT coxpaHHTb TOT JKe rropHJJ.OK.
16. KTo yKpa,z::i;eT qyJKne JJ,epeBb.H M3 qyJKoro Jieca, - 3 coJIMJJ.a.
17. KTo cpy6MT JJ,epeBO fO,l( crrycTH IIOCJie ero IIOMeTKM, B 3TOM HeT BMHbl.
18. KTo yKpaJJ,eT c peKM HepeTo JJ.JIH JIOBJIM yrpe:H, - 45 coJIMJJ.OB.
19. KTo yKpaJJ,eT HeBOJJ., Tpo:HHy10 ceTb MJIM BepIIIy, - 15 coJIMJJ.OB.
20. KTo B3JIOMaeT KJieTb 6e3 3arropa, - 15 coJIMJJ.OB.
21. KTo B3JIOMaeT KJieTb c 3arropoM, - 45 coJIMJJ.OB.
22. KTo BCIIaIIIeT qyJKoe IIOJie 6e3 II03BOJieHMH X03HMHa, - 15 COJIMJJ,OB.
23. A ecJIM ero 3aceeT, - 45.
24. Krn 3aTeeT qTQ-Htt6yJJ.h c qyJKMM pa6oM 6e3 BeJJ,oMa rocrro,l(1rna, - 15
COJIMJJ,OB.
llo6.: KTO CBe3eT qyJKOM ,[(OM 6e3 corJiac1rn BJia,l(eJibu;a, -

30

COJIMJ],OB.

XXVIII. 0 IIOJJ.CTpeKaTeJibCTBe
XXIX. 06 yBeqbHX
1. Krn JIMIIIMT JJ.pyroro pyKM MJIM Horn, rna3a MJIM Hoca, - 100 coJIM,l(OB.
2. EcJIM JKe pyKa M3yBeqeHa II BMCMT, - 63 COJIM,l(a.
3. KTO OTpy6MT 60JibIIIOH Ila.Tieu; Ha pyKe MJIM Ha Hore, - 50 COJIM,l(OB.
5. EcJIM JKe 0Tpy6MT BTOpo:H Ila.Tieu;, KOTOpbIM CTpeJIHIOT, - 35 COJIM,l(OB.
llo6.: 3a CJie,l(yIOiu;MM Ila.Tieu;, 15 COJIM,l(OB.
llo6.: 3a qeTBepTbIM, - 9 COJIMJ],OB.
llo6.: 3a MaJieHbKMM Ila.Tieu;, 15 COJIM,l(OB. *.
XXX.

0

6paHM

KTo Ha3oBeT JJ.pyroro rracKyJJ.HbIM, -

4. KTo

Ha3oBeT JJ.pyroro JIMCMu;e:H, -

· 3 coJIM,l(a.
3 coJIM,l(a.

"' ,llaJibIIIe pacu;eHMBaIOTC.H HOfM, r Jia3a, HOC, yxo, .H3bIK, 3y6bI.

262
6.

KTo yITpeKHeT ti:pyroro, l.JTO OH 6poc1rn IllJIT, II He CMO)KeT tJ:OKa3aTb

3TOfO, -

7.

3

COJIMtJ;a.

KTO OCJiaBIIT ti:pyroro tJ:OHOCl.JIIKOM IIJIII MOIIIeHHIIKOM II He CMO)KeT tJ:O-

Ka3aTb 3TOro, -

XXXI.
1.

15

COJIIItJ;OB.

0 6ec'IeCTIIII

KTo cno6oti:HoMy My)Ky (baromen ingenuum) ITperpati:IIT ITYTb II TOJIK-

HeT ero -

15

COJIIItJ;OB.

2. KTO CB060ti:HOH )KeHrn:IIHe ITperpati:IIT ITYTb II TOJIKHeT, .z:t:o6.: KTo 3arpati:IIT ti:opory Ha MeJibHIIUy, -

XXXII. 0
1. KTO 6e3

15

45 COJIIItJ;OB .

coJIIItJ:OB.

caMoyITpancTBe Hati: cno6oti:HbIM

30

HY)KtJ:bI CB51)KeT cno6oti:Horo 'IeJIOBeKa, -

2. A KTO CB513aHHOro yneti:eT Kyti:a-JIII6o -

45 COJIIItJ:OB .

.z:t:o6.: EcJIII pIIMJIRHIIH CBR)KeT cppaHKa -

30

.z:t:o6.: EcJIII cppaHK pIIMJIRHIIHa, -

15

cOJIIItJ:OB.

coJIIItJ:OB .

COJIMtJ:OB .

.z:t:o6.: KTo XIITpOCTbIO IIJIII HaCIIJIIIeM BhIKpati:eT y rpacpa 3aKJIIO'IeHHOro,
BbIKyITaeTC51 )KII3Hbl0.

XXXIII.
XXXIV.
1.

0 Kpa)Ke oxoTHII'Ibeii: ti:06hI'III
0 HapyIIIeHIIII II3ropoti:II

KTO ITepepy6MT TPII rrpyTa II3 Tex, KoTOpbIMM II3ropotl:h CB513atta Hanepxy II

15

KOTOpbIMII OHa ITOMep)KIIBaeTC51, MJIII KTO yHeceT MJIII BblpBeT TPII KOJia, COJIMtJ:OB.

2.

KTo ITpOTallJ:IIT 6opoHy ITO 'IY)KOll ITaIIIHe, ITOCJie Toro KaK ITOCeB B30H-

ti:eT' IIJIII KTO 6e3 tJ;OpOrII ITpoeti:eT ITO Heil B TeJiere, -

3. A

JIOCIIBIIIeHC51, -

xxxv.
1.
Ha

3

COJIIItJ;a.

eCJIII KTO ITpoii:ti:eT, 6e3 ti:oporII II Me)KII, ITO 'IY)KOll HIIBe, y)Ke 3aKO-

15

COJIIIL{OB.

06 y6IIHCTBe pa6oB II orpa6JieHIIII IIX

EcJIII pa6 pa6a y6heT, y6IIii:ua ti:eJIIITCR Me)KtJ:Y o6oIIMII rocIToti:aMII

2. EcJIII CB060tJ;Hblll orpa6IIT 'IY)KOro pa6a II OTHIIMeT y Hero
40 ti:eHapIIeB, - 30 COJIIItJ:OB.
3. EcJIII )Ke MeHbIIIe, 'IeM Ha 40 ti:eHapIIeB, - 15 COJIIItJ:OB .

*.

6oJiee, 'IeM

.z:t:o6.: EcJIII KTO II306beT 'Iy)Koro pa6a II ITOMeIIIaeT ero pa6oTe 6oJiee, 'IeM
Ha

40 ti:Heii:,
4. EcJIII

-

COJIIIA c TpeTblO.

cno6oti:HhIH orpa6IIT 'Iy)Koro JIIITa, -

35

COJIMtJ:OB.

* Canones Wallici (naM.HTHHK attrnocaKcottcKoro nepttoLJ:a), 39: EcJIH qeJi-Jitt6o 6bIK
HJIH KOpoBa 3a6oL(aeT qyJKyIO CKOTHHy, H JKHBOH, H MepTBbIH npttHaL(JieJKaT coo6ma
o6ottM X03.HeBaM.

263

5. Ecm1 1IY)l(OM pa6 JI.THI JIJIT y6heT cBo6o,n;Horo 1IeJioBeKa, caM y6Mii:u;a
nepe,n;aeTC51 po,n;CTBeHHJIKaM y6JITOro B3aMeH nOJIOBIIHbl BbIKyna, X035IJIH )Ke
pa6a nycTb 3HaeT' l.J:TO eMy nJiaTJITb ,n;pyry10 nOJIOBJIHY.

XXXVI.

0 l.J:eTBepoHorMx, ecJIM OHM y6bIOT 1IeJioBeKa
EcJIM KaKoii-JIJI6o 1IeJIOBeK 6y,n;eT y6MT KaKJIM-JIM6o ,n;oMaIIIHMM )l(JIBOT-

HbIM, TO X035IJIH )l(JIBOTHOro ,ll;OJI)l(eH ynJiaTJITb nOJIOBIIHY BepreJib,ll;a, a 3a ocTaJibHYIO nOJIOBIIHY OH ,n;aeT caMoe )l(JIBOTHOe*.

XXXVII. 0 npecJie,n;oBaHJIJI [Bopa] no cJie,n;y
XXXVIII. 0 Kpa)l(e KOHeii JI JIOIIIa,n;eii
XXXIX. 06 yBo3e
1. KTO 3aX01IeT CMaHJITb 1IY)l(Oro pa6a, - 15 COJIJI,ll;OB.
2. KTo yBe3eT cBo6o,n;Horo 1IeJioBeKa, HO npHMoro ,n;oKa3aTeJihCTBa**

He
6y,n;eT, CTaBJIT conp1IC5I)l(HJIKOB, KaK JI npll y6JIMCTBe; eCJIJI )Ke He CMO)l(eT Haiim conp1IC5I)l(HJIKOB, nJiaTJIT 200 COJIII,ll;OB.
3. EcJIJI yBe3eT pMMJIHHMHa, - 63 coJIM,n;a.

XL. EcJIJI pa6 o6BJIHHeTCH B Kpa)l(e
1. EcJIJI ,n;eJio 6y,n;eT rnKoe, l.J:TO cBo6o,n;Hhiii ,n;oJI)l(eH nJiaTMTh 15 coJIJI,ll;OB.,
TO pa6y, paCTHHYB ero Ha CKaMbe, ,n;aTb 120 y,n;apoB.
2. EcJIJI )Ke OH C03HaeTc51 ,n;o nbITKJI, TO X035IJIH ero, 6y,n;e 3axol.J:eT, ,n;aeT
3a ero cnJIHY 3 COJIJI,n;a.
3. EcJIJI )Ke BJIHa 60JibIIIe, r,n;e CB06o,n;HblM nJiaTJIJI 6b1 35 COJIJI,n;OB, pa6 noJIYl.J:aeT Bee Te )Ke 120 y,n;apoB.
5. EcJIJI )Ke pa6 npJIBJieKaeTcH no eme 6oJibIIIeMy npecTynJieHJIIO, 3a KOropoe CB06o,n;HblM nJiaTJIJI 6bI 45 COJIJI,n;OB, TO, 6y,n;e OH C03HaeTC51 no,n; nhITKOM,
DO,ll;Jle)l(JIT CMepTHOM Ka3HII.

XLI. 06 y6MiicTBe CBo6o,n;HhIX
1. KTo y6heT cBo6o,n;Horo ¢paHKa
KOMy 3aKoHy, - 200 COJIII,ll;OB.

•

AJieMattcKaSI IlpaB,n;a,

XCIX, 19:

JIJIJI BapBapa, )l(JIBymero no caJIM1Iec-

EcJIH <JY)l{OH nee 3arpb13eT 'IeJioBeKa, IIJiaTHTCSI

OOJIOBHHa BepreJib,ZJ;a. A eCJIH crrpoCSIT IIOJIHblH BepreJib,ZJ;, TO 3aKpbIBaIOTCSI Bee ,ZJ;BepH,
ICpOMe O,ZJ;HOH, 'Iepe3 KOTopyIO OH [rroTpe6oBaBIIIHH IIOJIHOro BepreJib,ZJ;a] BXO,ZJ;HT H BlllXO,ZJ;HT; H B ,n;eBSITH cpyTax OT rropora BeIIIaIOT co6aKy, [H BHCHT Otta] IIOKa COBCeM He
CrHHeT H crHHBIIIH He yrra,n;eT, a KOCTH ee rrycTb Jie)KaT TaM )Ke; H HeJib3SI BXO,ZJ;HTb HJIH
BblXO,ZJ;HTb 'Iepe3 ,n;pyryIO ,ZJ;Bepb. 11 eCJIH OH OTIIIBblptteT co6aKy HJIH 6y,n;eT B ,ZJ;OM BXO,ZJ;HTb ,n;pyrHM BXO,ZJ;OM, rryCTb BeptteT IIOJIOBHHY BepreJib,ZJ;a.

•• B

,n;attttoM cJiy<Jae -

co CTopottbI caMoro yBe3ettttoro.

.

264
2.

EcJin /Ke 6pocnT TeJIO B KOJIO)le3b JIJlll B BOll.Y llJill npnKpoeT ero )lJHI

COKpblTJIH BeTBHMH HJIH qeM-Jin6o llHbIM, -

3.

600

COJIM)lOB*.

Ecmr /Ke y6beT .n:py/KIIHHIIKa KOpo11eBcKoro IIJIII cBo6o.n:ttyro

/KeHIUIIHY, -

600

COJIIIAOB.

4.

Ecmr /Ke 6pocIIT IIX B BOAY IIJIII KOJIO)le3b, -

5.
6.

KTO y6beT pnMCKOfO My/Ka, COTpane3HIIKa KOpOJIH, -

CKIIM,

7.
8.

1800

coJIIIAOB.

300

COJIM)lOB.

EcJin /Ke pnMJIHHIIH He 3eMJieBJia)leJieu II He COTpane3HIIK KopoJieB-

100 COJIM)lOB.

-

EcJin /Ke y6beT pIIMJIHHIIHa II3 no.n:aTHbIX, -

63

coJIJIAa.

KTo Ha nepeKpecTKe Haii,r:i:eT qeJioBeKa 6e3 pyK II 6e3 Hor, KoToporo

6poCJIJIJI BparII**' II ,r:i:o6beT, -

100

COJIM)lOB.

l{o6.: Krn .n:ep3HeT CH51Tb fOJIOBY qeJioBeKa, KOTopyro Bpar ero BbICTaBJIJI
Ha KOJiy, 6e3 pa3perneHII5I CYAbll mm Toro, KTO ee BbICTaBIIJI, -

XLII.
1.

COJIIIAOB.

06 y6IIiicrne, coBeprneHHOM rnaiiKoii

KTo, Ha6paB rnaiiKy, Hana,r:i:aeT Ha cBo6o,r:i:Horo Bero ,r:i:oMe II y6beT ero

1800

TaM, TO ecJIII y6IITbIM 6bIJI B ,r:i:py/KnHe KopoJIH, -

2.
3.

15

EcJIII /Ke y6nTbIM He II3 APY/KIIHbI, -

600

coJin,r:i:oB.

coJIIIAOB.

EcJIII Ha TeJie y6IIToro TPII paHbI HJIII 6oJibllle, TO Tpoe n3 Tex, Koro

o6BHH5IT B npIIHa,r:i:Jie/KHOCTII K lllaiiKe, AOJI)l{Hbl ynJiaTJITb BblllleyKa3aHHYIO
cTaBKy. CJie,r:i:yromHe Tpoe n3 Toii /Ke lllaiiKH nJiaTHT no
.n:yromIIe Tpoe, Ha TpeTbeM MecTe, -

4.

45

90

coJIHAOB.

A cJie-

COJIIIll,OB.

0THOCIITeJibHO pIIMJIHH, JIIITOB II [KopoJieBCKH:X] OTpOKOB 3aKOH ceii

co6JIIOAaeTC51 B IIOJIOBIIHY.

XLIII.
1.

06 y6IIiicrne, coBepllleHHOM I1IaiiKoii

EcJIII Ha IIIIpy, r.n:e 6bIJIO IIHTepo, KTO-HII6y.n:b II3 HIIX y6nT, TO OCTaB-

IIIIIeCH IIJIII ll,OJl)l{Hbl BbICTaBIITb Oll,HOrO BIIHOBHIIKa, lIJIJI COBMeCTHO OIIJiaTIITb
:ny cMepTb. KaKoBoii 3aKoH ocTaeTcH ,r:i:o ceMII qeJioBeK.

2. A

ecJIH Ha nnpy TOM

6oJiee

ceMII qeJIOBeK, He BCe OTBeqaroT, HO Te, KO-

TOpbie 6y.n:yT YJIIIqeHbI, IIJiaTHT no 3aKotty.

XLIV. De reipus***
XL V. 0 npIIceJIHIOIUIIXCH
1. EcJIII KTO-JIII6o xoqeT npIIceJIJITbCH B

qy)l{OM IIOCeJIOK, II ecJIII Oll,HH IIJIII

HeCKOJibKO ll3 /KIIBYIUIIX B noceJIKe XOTHT ero npIIHHTb, a XOTH 6bI Oll,HH BbICTYIIIIT rrpoTIIB 3TOro, TO npIICeJIHIOIUIIMCH A03BOJieHII51 He IIOJiyqnT.

* Y6niicrno KaK aKT po,ll.OBoii MeCTH coseprnaeTC.H OTKpb1To. CM. § 8.
** lfacTHa.H pacrrpaBa (KpoBaBa.H MeCTb) ew.e CHJibHa.
*** IlJiaTa :>Kemrxa, cBaTaIOrn.eroc.H KO B,ll.OBe .

•

265
3. Ecm1 )Ke KTO npHceJIIUICH H B TeqeHHe 12 Mecm.i;eB HHKTO He B03pIDI<CUI,
nycTb ce6e nO)KHBaeT, KaK H OCTaJlbHble coce.n;H.

XL VI. De acfatmire*
XLVII. De filtortis**
XL VIII. 0 JDKeCBH.l(eTeJibCTBe
XLIX. 0 CBH.l(eTeJIHX
L.

06 o6H3aTeJibcrnax

LI.***.
,llo6.: Km no6y.n;HT rpacpa 6essaKOHHO KOHcpHCKOBaTb qrn-JIH6o, -

200

co-

JIH.n;OB.

2.

EcJIH )Ke rpacp, 6y.n;yqH npH3BaH, OCMeJIHTCH OTHHTb "l{T0-JIH6o He no

3aKOHy HJIH CBbIIIIe .l(OJI)KHOfO, nycTb BbIKyrraeT ce6H HJIH TIJiaTHTCH )KI13Hbl0.

Lil. 0 Benw, .n;aHHOii: B ccy.n:y
Lill. 0 BhIKyne pyK11 oT KOTeJIKa
1. EcJIJI KTO-JIH6o rrpHBJieqeH 6y,n;eT

K KOTeJIKy, TO MO)KeT CJIY"lJHTbCH, "l{TO

OHbIM rrpHBJieqeHHbIM saxoqeT BbIKYIIHTb pyKy CBOIO H BbICTaBHTb conpHCH)KHJIKOB. EcJIH ,n;eJio TaKoBo, qTo B cJiyqae yJIHqemrn OH no saKoHy .l(OJI)KeH yrrJiaTHTb

2.

15

coJIH.l(OB, TO pyKy CBOIO OH BbIKyrraeT sa

3

coJI11.n;a****.

EcJIH )Ke 3a BbIKYII pyKH OH .n;acT 6oJibIIIe, OH rrJiaTHT rpacpy MHpOBhie

,n;eHhrH (fredus), CKOJihKO rroJiaraeTCH sa 3TO ,n;eJio, ecJIH 6h1 OH 6hIJI yJIHqeH.

5.

KTo o6mrnIIT .n;pyroro B cyMMe BepreJib,n;a H rrpHBJieqeT ero K KOTeJIKY

H [ rroToM] croBopHTCH BbICTaBIITh corrpHCH)KHIIKOB 11 Bb1Kyrr11Th pyKy, TO BbIKyrraeT ee sa

6. A KTO

LIV.
1.

coJ111,n;a.

.n:acT 60JibIIIe, ITJiaTHT rpacpy MHpOBbie .n;eHbflI c BepreJib.l(a.

06 y6IITOM rpacpe.

KTo rpacpa y6heT, -

LV.
1.

30

600

COJIII.l(OB.

06 orpa6JieHHII Meprneu;oB.

KTo orpa6IIT TeJio y611Toro qeJIOBeKa .no rrpe.n;amrn ero seMJie, -

63

COJIII.l(a.

2.

Km OTpoeT rrorpe6eHHoe y)Ke TeJio 11 orpa611T ero, 6y,n;eT BHe saKoHa .no

Toro .l(HH, IlOKa OH He BCTYITHT B corJiaIIIeHHe c pO.l(CTBeHHHKaMH yMepIIIero,
H Te .l(OJI)l(Hbl rrpOCMTb 3a Hero, "l{T06bI eMy Il03BOJIMJIM )KlITb Me)K,n;y JllO.l(bMM.

*

IIepe,llatJa MMy:mecrna rryTeM cJIO)KHOH rrpoue,llypbI ychIHOBJiemrn:.

** 0 crroco6ax BepttyTh rroxM:mettttoe.

*** 3arJiaBM.H HeT.
**** Bb1Kyrr OT DO)Kbero

cy,lla (ordale) Bhiro,lleH ,llJI.H o6BIIH.HeMoro 11 tteBhirO,lleH ,llJI.H
Ka3Hbl. 06bilJHO cyMMa BbIKyrra (yCTaHaBJIIIBaeTCSI OH CTOpottaMM) MHoro BbIIIIe yKa3aHHOH
B IIpaB,lle HOpMbI; II03TOMY BO Bcex TaKMX CJIYlJaSIX Ka3Ha o6ecrrelJIIBaeT ce6e o6bilJHYIO
TpeTh rreHII ( = fredus).

266
I1

KTO, ,ll,0 rrpIIMIIpemrn ero c pO,ll,CTBeHHIIKaMII [yMeprnero ], ,ll,aCT eMy XJie6a

IIJIII rrpIIcTaHIIrn;e, 6y.ll.b TO pO,ll,fflIII IIJIII co6CTBeHHa51 ero )KeHa, IIJiaTIIT

15

COJIII,l{OB.

3.

CaM )Ke OH, KOTOpbIH COBepIIIIIJI CIIe, IIJiaTIIT

200

COJIII,ll,OB.

)lo6.: KTo IIO,ll,O)K)KeT 11epKOBb, r,ll,e IIO'IIIIOT MOIIJ;II, IIJIII [Boo6rn:e] OCB51rn;eHHYIO y)Ke 11epKOBb, -

200

COJIII,ll,OB.

600 COJIII.ll.OB.
300 COJIII,ZJ,OB.
900 COJIII.ll.OB. *.

)lo6.: Krn CB51IIJ;eHHIIKa y6beT, )lo6.: Krn .lJ.b51KOHa y6beT, )lo6.: Krn errIIcKorra y6beT, -

LVI. 0 TOM, KTO He rro)KeJiaeT
LVII. 0 paxIIH6yprax**
LVIII. De chrenecruda * * *

51BIITbC51 B cy,ZJ,

KTo y6beT qeJIOBeKa II, ,ll,aB BCe CBOe IIMyrn:ecrno, He CMO)KeT IIOKpbITb BceM:
rreHII, TOT ,ll,OJI)KeH BbICTaBIITb

12

corrpIIC51)KHIIKOB B TOM, 'ITO HII Ha,ll, 3eMJieH,

HII IIO,ll, 3eMJieH He IIMeeT IIMyrn;eCTBa CBepx Toro, 'ITO HM y)Ke ,ZJ,a,ZJ,eHo.

I1

rro-

CJie 3Toro OH ,n:oJI)KeH BOMTM B CBOH ,ll,OM Mc 'leTbipex yrJIOB B351Tb B pyKy 3eMJIII II rroToM cTaTb Ha rropore JIMUOM BO BHYTPb .lJ.OMa II 3aTeM qepe3 JieBoe rrJie'IO 6pocIITb 3TY 3eMJIIO Ha Toro, KTO 6y,ll,eT eMy 6JIII)KaHIIIIIM pO,ll,CTBeHHIIKOM.
EcJIII )Ke 0Te11 II 6paTb51 y)Ke rrJiaTIIJIII, Tor,ZJ,a OH ,n:oJI)KeH 6pocIITb 3eMJIIO Ha
cpO,ll,HIIKOB, IIMeHHO Ha Tpex JIIIII co CTOpOHbl MaTepH II Ha Tpex co CTOpOHbl
m11a; rrpIITOM Ha 6JIII)KaHIIIIIX.

A

IIOTOM B py6arnKe, pacrr051CaHHbIH, pa3yTbIH,

c IIOCOXOM B pyKe, OH ,ll,OJI)KeH rrpbirHYTb qepe3 3a6op, ,ll,a6bI Te Tpoe yrrJiaTIIJIII
IIOJIOBIIHY II3 Toro, CKOJibKO OH o6513aH 6bIJI no 3aKOHY IIJiaTIITb; TO )Ke caMoe
,ll,OJI)l(Hbl ,ll.eJiaTb Te, KOTOpbie c OTIIOBCKOH CTOpOHbI. EcJIII )Ke II3 3TMX 6m1)KHIIX KTO-JIII6o He IIMeeT CTOJibKO, 'IT06bI 3arrJiaTIITb IIOJIHOCTblO, TO 6oJiee 6e,ZJ,HbIH CHOBa 6pocaeT xpeHeKpy.ll.y Ha Toro, KTO HMeeT 6oJibIIIe, 'IT06bI TOT yrrJiaTIIJI BCIO rreHIO. Kor,ll,a )Ke II y Toro He xBaTIIT 3arrJiaTIITb rroJIHOCTbIO, TO
[pO,ll,CTBeHHIIKII y6IITOro] BbICTaBJI51IOT y6IIHIIY Ha co6paHIIII-CXO,ll,e, II TaK qeTbipe pa3a ... EcJIII )Ke ero HIIKTO He BbIKYIIIIT B TOM cyMMe, KOTOpoM: OH He
.n:orrJiaTIIJI, TOr,ll,a OH OTBe'laeT CBOeft )Klf3Hbl0.

LIX. 06 aJIJio,ll,e
1. Ecmr KTO YMPeT 11 He OCTa.BIIT ,ZJ,eTeH,

a MaTb OCTaHeTC51, -

err HaCJie,ll,CTBO.

* EaBapcKaH IlpaBJl,a, I, 10: Ecmr KTO y6beT enilcKmrn, KOToporo nocTaBIIJI KopoJib II
KoToporo ttapoJJ. Il36paJI ce6e B apxI1naCTbipI1, nycTb nJiaTIIT Kopomo II ttapoJJ.y JII160
poJJ.CTBeHHIIKaM, corJiactto cJieJJ.y10meMy: nycTb cJ].eJiaIOT CBIIHIWBYIO copo'IKY B pocT
y6I1TOro, II CKOJibKO Otta BeCIIT, CTOJibKO 30JIOTa nyCTb Jl,aCT y6IlttIJ,a. A eCJIII HeT y Hero
30JIOTa, nyCTb Jl,aeT JJ.pyrlle ueHHOCTII: pa6oB, 3eMJIIO, CBOe X03HHCTBO IIJIII IIHOe Jl.OCTOHHile,
IIOKa He Ha6epeTCH tty:llrnoe. A eCJIII y Hero He XBaTIIT IIMymecTBa, rryCTb OTJ],aCT ce6H,
)Ketty II J],eTeH B pa6CTBO uepKBII, IIOKa He BbIKYIIIITCH! ..
0 cyJl,e6HbIX 3aCeJl,aTeJIHX.
*** HeKoTopbie pyKonI1cI1 npI16aBJIHIOT: a Clle co6JIIOJJ.aJII1 B H3bit.feCKile BpeMetta.

**

267
2.

EcJUI MaTepH HeT, a OCTaJIHCb 6paT mm cecTpa, -

3.

EcJIH n:x HeT, -

HM HacJie.ZJ;CTBO.

cecTpe MaTepH HacJie.n;crno.

21:06.: EcJIH HeT cecTep MaTepM, ceCTpbI OTI{a BcTy1rn10T B HacJie.n;oBaHHe.
5*. 3eM.IDI )Ke OTHIO,ll;b He rrepexo.n;MT K )KeHII{HHe, HO ,ll;OJI)KHa M.n;TM B My)KCKHe pyKn:**.

LX.

0

TOM, KTO xo-Y:eT BbIHTM H3 po.n;crna

OH .ZJ;OJI)KeH rroiITH Ha co6pami:e-cxo.n; M 3.n;ech rrepe.n; TYHTHHOM cJioMaTb
Ha,ll; CBoeM: roJIOBOH -Y:eTbipe OJibXOBblX rrpyrn.

11

HX OH ,ll;OJI)KeH Ha cxo.n;e 6po-

CIITb Ha Bee -Y:eTbipe CTOpOHbl H TYT )Ke ,ll;OJI)KeH CKa3aTb, "l!TO OH M3beMJieT
OT corrpMCH)KHH"CJecrna, HaCJie,ll;OBaHHH M BCHKOro [po.n;oBOro] .n;eJia.

11

ce6H

BOT, eCJIH

IIOCJie 3T0f0 KTO-HM6y.n;b H3 ero po.n;cTBeHHHKOB 6y.n;eT y6HT MJIII yMpeT, TO He

6y.n;eT

eMy HM HaCJie.n;crna, HM BepreJib.ZJ;a, HaCJie.ZJ;CTBO )Ke IIOCJie Hero H.ZJ;eT B

Ka3Hy.

LXI. 06 orpa6Jiemm
LXII. 06 orrJiaTe y6Mi1:crna
1. ECJIII y6IIT qei1:-JIM6o OTeIJ,,

TO ITOJIOBIIHY BepreJib,ll;a IIoJiy-qa10T CblHOBbH,

a .n;pyry10 IIOJIOBIIHY .n;eJIHT Me)K.n;y co6oi1: 6JIJI)KaHnme po.n;cTBeHHMKII c OTI{OBCKOH II c MaTepMHCKOH CTOpOHbl.

2.

ECJIM HeT po.n;CTBeHHMKOB HM c OTI{OBCKOH, HM c MaTepIIHCKOH CTopo-

Hbl, TO -Y:aCTb 3Ta II.ZJ;eT B Ka3HY.

LXIII. 0 CBo6o.n;HoM, y6IITOM B rroxo.n;e
1. EcJIH y6n:T cBo6o.n;HbIM B rroxo.n;e ... , - 600 coJIM.ZJ:OB.
2. ECJIH )Ke y6HTblM COCTOHJI B KOpOJieBCKOH .n;py)KHHe,

1800

COJIH,ll;OB.

LXIV. De herburgium [?]
21:06.: EcJIH KOJI.ZJ:YHbH CbeCT qeJioBeKa II 6y.n;eT 3TO .n;oKa3aHo, -

200

co-

JIM.ZJ:OB.

LXV.

0

rraBIIIeM KOHe, 060.n;paHHOM 6e3 rro3BOJieHMH xo3HHHa, Karrn:Ty-

JIHpHiI * * * [ XJio.n;Bn:ra].

9.

0

qeJioBeKe, y6MTOM Me)K .ZJ:BYX rroceJieHHH.

* 3ttaMCHMTbIH ~CaJIM'ICCKMH
** T10pttttrcKaJ1 Ilpan,1.1,a, 31:

3aKOH~.
KoMy ttacne,1.1,onatttte 3CMJIM, TOMY M BOettttaJI 0,1.1,e:>K,1.1,a,

T.e. KOJib'Iyra, H MeCTb 3a po,1.1,n'Ia, H yrrnaTa Beprenb,1.1,a.

* **

KarrMTY JIJIPHH K

CaJIH'ICCKOH

npaB,1.1,e

-

OT,1.1,CJibHbIX IIOCTaHoBJICHMH OCHOBHOH IlpaB,1.1,bl.

IIOilOJIHCHMe' pa3bJ!CHCHMe HJIH OTMeHa

268
EcJU1, KaK c~aeTc.H, 6JUl3 rroceJieHIDI HJIH Me)K ,n:Byx coce,n:HHX rroceJieHHH
y6ttT 6y.ueT qeJIOBeK, 11 y6ttH:u;a He o6Hapy)KHTC.H, TO cy,n:b.H, T.e. rpacp, ,UOJI)KeH
rrptt6bITb Ha MeCTO l1 rrp0Tpy611Tb TaMTaM B Tpy6y. 11 eCJIM 113 .HBMBIIIMXC.H HMKTO He OII03HaeT TeJIO, TO coce,n:M, Ha qbeM IIOJie HJIM py6e)Ke HaH,UeHo TeJIO,
,UOJI)KHbI coopy,n:MTb IIOMOCT BbIIIIHHOH B II.HTb ¢YTOB l1 B rrp11cyTCTBHl1 CY.Ubl1
rro,n:H.HTb ry.ua TeJio. 11 .UOJI)KeH cy,n:b.H B03BeCTMTb 11 cKa3aTb: qeJioBeK ceH: y611T
Ha BaIIIeM IIOJie l1 py6e)Ke. Tpe6y10, qrn6bI .uo ceMM ,UHeH ero He CHMMaJUI, a B
y611H:crne 3TOM 30BY Bae Ha cy.u; HBMTeCb B 6JIM)KaHIIIMH cy,UHbIH .ueHb, H BaM
CKa)KyT, qTo, no 3aKoHy, Bbl ,uoJI)KHbI MCIIOJIHMTb. IIocJie 3Toro coce,un, KOHM
c11e OOhlIBJieHo 6bIJIO cy,ubeIO, .uo MCTeqeHIDI

40

cyrnK .UOJI)KHbI oq11cTHTuc.si: BM-

IIIMe c IIIeCTbIO,UeC.SITbIO IIHTbIO C01IpMC5I)KHHKaMM, B TOM, qTO OHM He y611BaJil1
l1 He 3HaIOT, KTO y6HJI; MOJIO,UIIIlle )Ke c II.HTHa,uu;aTbIO ....

N2 3. H3 CaKcoHcKoH: Ilpae~*
XXI.

Krn y6beT qeJioBeKa B u;epKBtt: HJitt: yKpa,ueT TaM qTo-JI1160, HJIM B3JIO-

MaeT ee, HJIM C03HaTeJibHO .uacT JIO)KHYIO KJI.HTBy, -

XXIII.

Ka3Hl1Tb.

KTo yCTpott:T 3aca.uy H y6beT qeJioBeKa, 11.uymero 113 u;epKBM MJIM

B u;epKOBb B rrpa3,UHllqHbIH ,ueHb, T.e. B BOCKpeceHbe, IIacxy, IlHTM,UeCHTHMu;y, Po)K,n:ecrno Xp11crnBo, Po)K.uecTBO Eoropo.u11u;b1, CB. 11oaHHa KpecTMTeJIH, CB. IIeTpa, CB. MapTtt:Ha, -

XXIV.

Ka3Hb ....

Krn 3JIOYMbICJIHT rrpoTHB rocy.uapcrna, MJIH KopOJI.H cppaHKOB, HJIM

CbIHOBeH ero, -

Ka3Hb**.

XXV. Krn y6beT CBoero rocrro,u11Ha, - Ka3Hb.
XXVII. Krn pa.uH MeCTM y6beT qeJioBeKa Bero ,uoMe, - Ka3Hb***.
XXVIII. Ocy)K,n:eHHbIH Ha Ka3Hb HMr,ue He MMeeT M11pa; ecJIM y6e)KMT
u;epKOBb, -

XXIX. Krn KOHH yKpa,ueT, - Ka3Hb.
XXX. Krn yKpa,n:eT yJieH: tt:3 oropo.ua - Ka3Hb.
XXXII. KTo Hoqb10, rro,n:KorraB MJIM B3JIOMaB qy)Kott ,uoM,
COJIM,Ua, -

XXXV.

yKpa,ueT Ha ,n:Ba

Ka3Hb.

XXXIII.
XXXIV.
COJIM,Ua, -

B

BbI,uaeTCH.

Krn yKpa,ueT M3 KJieTM, -

Ka3Hb.

KTo HOqb10 yKpa,ueT qeTbipexJieTHero 6b1Ka CTOMMOCTbIO B ,n:Ba

Ka3Hb.
Krn ,n:HeM HJIM HoqbIO yKpa,ueT Ha TPH coJIM.Ua, -

* l-fa.D.aHa .D.JUI 3aBoeBaHHOH KapJIOM CaKCOHMM,
** A.7IeMaHcKa.H IlpaB,ll,a, XXIII: EcJIM KTO-JIM6o

Ka3Hb.

oTCIO,ll,a cypoBocTh B03Me3,ll,M.H.
3JIOYMhICJIMT npoTMB )l(M3HM repuora,

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*** <Dptt3cKa.H IlpaB,ll,a, Add. I, 1: IlpecJie.D.yeMhIH po.D.OBOH MeCThIO MMeeT MHp B
uepKBM, B CBOeM ,ll,OMe, Ha rryTM B uepKOBb M M3 uepKBM, Ha rryTM B cy.D. M M3 cy,ll,a.

269
LXVI.

Comr)l ,n:Bo.HKHii: o,n:rrH B ,n:Be ,n:oJIH, 'ITO paBH.HeTC.H ,n:BeHa,n:u,an1Me-

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HaceJIHIOlllHe f epMaHHIO, )l(eCTOKHe 110 11pHpo.n.e, 11pe.n.aHHble cJiy)l(HTeJIH

.n.e-

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l1

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*

772 - 804 rr.

270
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f J1. 13.

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271
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20

HeMeUKIIX IIJIH copoK HTaJIHH-

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23

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A

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no,n:oIIIeJI K OKHY Ha BOCTOK; H 3aJIHJICR HecqeTHbIMH CJie3aMH; H HHKTO He
CMeJI o6paTHTbCR K HeMy; HaKoHeu, OH caM o6bRCHHJI LJ;06JieCTHeHIIIHM CBO-

HM npH6JIH)KeHHbIM CBOH noCTynoK H CBOH CJie3bl H CKa3aJI: ~3HaeTe, ,n:py-

m

MOH, QTqerO R TaK IIJiaKaJI?

5I

He TOrO 60IOCb, qTQ 3TH HHqTQ)l(Hbie JIIO-

AHIIIKH MHe npHqHHRT KaKOH-HH6y,n:h Bpe,n:; HO R 6e3MepHO CKop6JIIO, qTO

OHH y)Ke rrpH MOeH )KH3HH ,n:ep3HYJIH KOCHYTbCR 3THX 6eperoB; H Tep3aIOCb
. JI BeJIHqaifIIIHM ropeM, H6o rrpe,n:BH)KY' KaKHe 6e,n:hI rrpHqHHRT OHM MOHM
>

ROTOMKaM H HX no,n:,n:aHHbIM».

f JI. 23.

OH HOCHJI HaU,HOHaJihHYIO o,n:e)K,n:y, T.e. cppaHKCKyIO. Ha TeJie -

JibHRHYIO py6axy.

11

HCno,n:HHe Ha,n:eBaJI JibHRHbie. IloBepx -

TYHHKY, 06-

, WHTYIO IIIeJIKOBOH KaHMOH, H IIITaHbl. foJieHH CTRrHBaJI oHyqaMH, a CTYITHH
-

6amMaKaMH. IlJieqH H rpyAh 3HMoii OH 3a:rn;mu,aJI HaKHAKOM H3 IIIKYP BbI-

APhI H co6oJIR. IloBepx Bcero -

roJiy6oH: rnia:rn;. Bcer,n:a OH 6b1JI onoRcaH

MeqoM c 30JIOTOIO HJIH cepe6pRHOIO pyKoRThIO H rrepeBR3bIO. l13pe,n:Ka HOCHJI

OH H Meq c caMOU,BeTHblMH KaMHRMH, OLJ;HaKO JIHlllb npH oco6bIX npa3LJ;HeCTaax HJIH Ha npHeMe HHOCTpaHHblX IlOCOJibCTB. lly)Ke3eMHbie )Ke o,n:eRHHR,
XOTR 6bI H caMbie KpacHBbie, OTBepraJI.

11

He TeprreJI HHKOr,n:a, qTo6bI ero

o,n:eBaJIH B HHx: TOJibKO B PHMe, pa3 no npocb6e nanbI A.n:pnaHa, a LJ:pyroif
pa3 -

no HaCTORHHIO ero npeeMHHKa JlhBa, OH o6JieKCR B ,l.{JIHHHYIO TYHH-

Ky H XJiaMH,n:y H Ha,n:eJI TaK)Ke o6yBb pHMCKOro o6pa3u;a. Ha npa3,n:HeCTBaX
OH BbICTYilaJI B 3JiaTOTKaHHOM O,l.{e)K,n:e, B o6yBH c caMou;BeTHblMH KaMHRMH,
IlJiam; 3aCTenrnaJI 30JIOTOH npR)KKOll, KOpOHa II3 30JIOTa H .n:parou;eHHbIX
KaMHeH yKpaIIIaJia ero qeJIO. B HHbie )Ke AHH ero o,n:e)K,n:a MaJIO OTJIHqaJIHCb
OT o6biqHQH npOCTOHapo,n:HOH.

fJI. 24.

B IIH:rn;e H ITHTbe yMepeH, HO B nHThe yMepettHee, H6o npoTHBHO

6bIJIO eMy OilbRHeHHe BO BCRKOM qeJioBeKe, TeM 6oJiee co6crneHHOe HJIH npH6m1)l(eHHblX. OT e,n:hI )Ke OH He TaK Mor B03LJ;ep)KHBaTbCR H qacTo )KaJIOBaJICR, qTO
IlOCTbl Bpe,n:.HT ero 3,n:OpOBbIO. IlHpbI ,n:aBaJI oqeHb peLJ;KO, B oco6o TOp)KeCTBeHHhIX cJiyqaJix, HO TOrLJ;a y)Ke MHOrDJIIO,l.{Hbie. 06bJqHaJI Tpane3a COCTORJia H3
'leTbipex TOJibKO 6JIIO,l.{, He cqHTaR )KapKoro, KOTOpoe OXOTHHKH npHHOCHJIH

274
rrp.HMO Ha BepTeJie; II

:=rry

IIIIlll.Y OH rrpe.n.rroqlITaJI BC.HKOH .n.pyroiI. Bo BpeM.H

o6e.n.a OH CJIYIIIaJI paCCKa3qlIKOB IIJIII qTeu;a. lJHTaJIII eMy II3 IICTOpIIII 0 .n.e.HHII.HX
.n.peBHIIX. HpaBIIJIIICb eMy TaKJKe KHIIrII 6JiaJKeHHoro ABrycTIIHa, oco6ettHO rn,
qm 03arJiaBJieHa ~o fpa.n.e EoJKIIeM~. B BIIHe II .n.pyrIIx HaIIIITKax ott 6b1JI

.n.o

mro yMepeH, qm 3a o6e.n.oM pe.n.Ko IIIIJI 6oJibIIIe Tpex pa3.
JleTOM IIOCJie rroey.n.eHHOH e,ll.bl -

eJI OH JIIIIIIb ¢PYKTbl II IIIIJI JllIIIIb pa3 -

OH CHIIMaJI IIJiaTbe II o6yBb, KaK Ha HOqb, II OT,ll.blXaJI qaca ,ll.Ba IIJIII TplI. HoqbIQ JKe rrpepbIBaJI COH He TOJibKO rrpOCbIIIMCb pa3a qeTbipe IIJIII II.HTb, HO II
BCTaBM.
Bo BpeM.H O,ll.eBaHII.H II o6yBaHII51 OH .n.orrycKaJI He TOJibKO rrpII6JIIIJKeHHbIX,
HO Kor.n.a rr¢aJibU:rpa¢ fOBOpIIJI 0 KaKOH-H1I6y.n.b T.HJK6e, KOTOpa.H He MOJKeT
6bITb peIIIeHa 6e3 ero rrpIIKa3a, OH HeMe.n.JieHHO IIOBeJieBaJI BBeCTII T.HIKYlll.IIXC.H
II, CJIOBHO Ha cy.n.e, pa306paB .n.eJIO, IIOCTaHOBJI.HJI rrpIIrOBOp.

I1

He TOJibKO Ta-

KIIe .n.eJia crrpaBJI.HJI OH B 3TY JKe rropy, HO II BC.HKIIe, KaKIIe Ha ceiI .n.eHb rrpe.n.CTO.HJIII eMy IIJIII rrepe.n.aBaJIIICb qlIHOBHIIKaM.

f JI. 25.

Peqb ero TeKJia 6oraTO, II CB060,ll.HO Mor OH Bbipa31ITb Bee, qTo

XOTeJI. He ,ll.OBOJibCTBY.HCb pO,ll.HOH peqbIO, OH CTapaJIC.H II3YqlITb II IIHOCTpaHHbie 513blKII; JiaTbIHb OH II3YqlIJI HaCTOJibKO, qTo yMeJI roBOplITb Ha Hett, KaK
Ha po.n.ttoM .H3bIKe; rro-rpeqecKII JKe JIY"l!IIIe rroHIIMaJI, qeM caM o6b.HCH.HJIC.H. Ott
6bIJI TaK peq1IcT, qTO Mor .n.aJKe Ka3aTbC51 6oJITJIIIBblM.
Ott peBHOCTHO 3aHIIMaJIC.H ~cBo6o.n.HbIMII ttayKaMII~; BbICOKO qT.H yq1ITeJieiI
3TIIX HayK, OH OCbIIIaJI IIX BeJIIIKIIMII rroqeCT.HMII. fpaMMaTIIKY OH II3yqaJI y
cTapu:a ,ll.IIaKoHa IIeTpa I1II3aHCKoro. B .n.pyrIIx HayKax HaCTaBHIIKOM ero 6brn
AJih61IH, rrpo3bIBaeMbIH AJIKylIHOM, TOJKe ,ll.b.HKOH, II3 EplITaHIIII, qeJioBeK caKcoHcKoro rrJieMeHII, MYJK BC51"lleCKII yqettb1tt; eMy KapJI y.n.eJIIIJI oco6eHHO Mttoro
BpeMeHII II Tpy.n.a, II3yqa51 c HIIM PIITOpIIKy, ,ll.IIaJieKTIIKY II oco6eHHO acTpoHOMIIIO. yqlIJIC.H OH II IICKYCCTBY cqeTa; peBHOCTHO, Tlll.aTeJibHO II rrpoHIIKHOBeHHO IICCJie,ll.OBaJI TeqeHIIe 3Be3,ll.. IlbITaJIC.H II IIIICaTb; ,ll.JI.H 3TOro B031IJI c co6010 Ha IIOCTeJIII rro.n. rro.n.yIIIKOH ,ll.Olll.eqKII II JIIICTKII [rrepraMeHTa], qT06bI B
cBo6o.n.Hoe BpeM.H rrpIIyqIITb pyKy BbIBO,ll.IITb 6yKBbI. Ho MaJio IIMeJI ycrrexa
Tpy.n., HaqaTbIH He B CBOe BpeM.H, CJIIIIIIKOM II03,ll.HO.

f JI. 28.

I1p1Iq1IHOH rrocJie.n.ttero rrp1Ie3.n.a ero [B PIIM] 6hrno ... TO o6cTo.H-

TeJibCTBO, qTo p1IMJI.HHe HaHeCJIII rrarre JlbBY MHOrIIe 061I,ll.bl, BblpBaJIII rJia3a
II OTpe3aJIII 513bIK II TeM rrplIHY.ll.IIJIII ero rrp1I6erHyTb K 3alll.IITe KOpOJI.H*.

I1

BOT, rrpII6bIB B PIIM ,ll.JI.H BOCCTaHOBJieHII.H CTOJib JKeCTOKO IIOTp.HCeHHOH u:epKBII, OH rrpoBeJI 3,ll.eCb BCIO 31IMY. B 3TO BpeM.H OH II rrplIH.HJI Ha1IMeHOBaH1Ie
IIMrrepaTopa II aBrycTa, qeM Ha rrepBbIX rropax OH TaK T.HrOTIIJIC.H, qTo yrnepJK-

* B

TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIX AHHaJiax 3ii:HrapJJ.a TIOJJ.

799

r. •n1TaeM:

« ... nana

JleB 6bIJI

c6porneH c KOHR II HOroii: TIOJIY:>KIIBbIM OCTaBJieH Ha YJIIIIJ,e, II HeKOTOpbIM TIOKa3aJIOCb,
qTo eMy BblpBaJIII rJia3a, a TaK:>Ke OTpe3aJIII R3bIK>,>.

275

i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

' .nan::
1

3HaH OH sapaHee HaMepem1e ITaITbl, OH B TOT ,ll;eHb, HeCMOTp51 Ha BeJIJI-

KHH ITpa3,ll;HIIK, He ITorneJI 6b1 B xpaM. HeHaBIICTb BOSHero,L1;0BaBIIIIIX Ha Hero
aa ITpIIH51TIIe 3TOf0 TIITYJia pIIMCKIIX IIMITepaTopoB OH CHOCIIJI c BeJIIIKIIM TepneHIIeM; OCKop6IITeJibHbie BbIXO,ll;KII IIX OH IT06e,ll;IIJI BeJIIIKO.ll:YIIIIIeM, qeM OH
MHOfO ITpeBOCXO,ll;IIJI IIX, OTITpaBJI5151 K HIIM qacTbie ITOCOJibCTBa II BeJIJiqa51 IIX
B ITIICbMax 6paTb51MII

f JI. 29.

IIo ITPIIH51TIIII IIMITepaTOpCKOfO TIITyJia, KOr,ll;a OH saMeTIIJI, qTo

MHOroro He,ll;OCTaeT B saKOHax ero Hapo,ll;a MHOfOM CIIJlbHO paCXO,ll;51IllIIXC51* -

y cppaHKOB Be,ll;b ,ll;Ba saKOHa, BO

OH saMbICJIIIJI ITpII6aBIITb He,ll;OCTaiomee,

o6ne,ll;IIHIITb pacxo.L1:5Illleec5I, a Hero,ll;HOe II IICKa:>KeHHoe IICITpaBIITb. Ho B STOM
CMbICJie IIM 6bIJIO C,ll;eJiaHO HeMHOro: OH ITpII6aBIIJI K 3TIIM saKOHaM JIIIIIIb He60JibIIIIIe KaITIITYJI51pIIII, ,ll;a II TO Hepaspa6ornHHbie. IIpaB006b1qaJI :>Ke Bcex
UJieMeH ero ,L1;ep:>KaBbI, KOTOpbie eme He 6hIJIII saITIICaHbI, OH ITpIIKasa.n: saITIIcaTb II II3,ll;aTb.
ToqHo TaK :>Ke OH BeJieJI saITIICaTb II CITaCTII OT sa6BeHII51 CTapIIHHeHIIIIIe
Hapo,ll;Hbie (barbara) ITeCHII, B KOTOpbIX BOCITeBaJIIICb ,ll;eJia II BOHHbI ,ll;peBHIIX
KOpOJieii:. l{yMa.n: OH TaK:>Ke 0 rpaMMaTIIKe pO,ll;HOro 513bIKa.

fJI. 33.

BeJieJI OH COCTaBIITb saBemaHIIe ... CMbICJI II CO,ll;ep:>KaHIIe KOTOporo

' CJie,ll;yIOmIIe: Bo HM51 BceMorymero rocITO,ll;a Bora, Oni:a II CbIHa II CB51TOro
,llyxa. 0ITIICb II pacITpe,ll;eJieHIIe, c,ll;eJiaHHhie cJiaBHeiirnIIM II 6JiaroqecTIIBeii:IIIIIM rocy,L1;apeM KapJIOM, aBrycTeHIIIIIM IIMITepaTopoM B fO,ll; OT BOITJiomeHII51
focITO.ll:a Harnero l1IIcyca XpIIcTa 811-ii:, u:apcrnoBaHIIe :>Ke ero BO <DpaHU:IIII
43-ii:, B l1Ta.n:IIII 37-ii:, IIMITepaTopcrna B ro.ll: 11-ii:, IIH.ll:IIKTa

4.

CocrnBIITb OHbie

OH BeJieJI ITO 6JiaroqecTIIBOM II MY.ll:POM pa3MbIIIIJieHIIII II c DO:>KbeH ITOMOillbIO
BblIIOJIHIIJI II OTHOCIITeJibHO COKpOBIIIll CBOIIX, II OTHOCIITeJibHO ,ll;eHer' KaKIIe
B TOT ,ll;eHb oKasa.n:Hcb B ero KasHe. CHM xoTeJI OH ITpe:>K,ll;e Bcero o6ecITeqJITb,
'IT06bI He TOJibKO me.ll:pOTbI II MIIJIOCTbIHII, KaKIIe ITO 06b1qa10 y xpIICTIIaH BbI,ZJ;aIOTC51 II3 IIX IIMymecTB, BbI,ll;aBaJIIICb TaK:>Ke sa YITOKOH ero .ll:YIIIII, II3 ero
il];eHer, ITO qIIHY II ITOP51.ll:KY -

HO qTo6bI II HaCJie,ll;HIIKII ero, OT6poCIIB BC51KIIe

yxHmpeHII51, 51CHO MOfJIII 6bI ypasyMeTb, qTo KOfO KacaeTC51, II 6es CITopa II
ccopbI ITpaBIIJibHbIM ,ll;eJie:>KoM ITO,ll;eJIIITb Me:>K.ll:Y co6oii: ero IIMymecrno .

.I1

BOT, HaMeTIIB sTy u:eJih, OH Bee cBoe IIMymecTBo II YTBapb, KaKIIe B sToT

,ZJ;eHh, KaK cKasaHo, oKasaJIIICb B KasHe ero: soJioTo, cepe6po, ,L1;parou:eHHbie
KaMHII, u:apcKoe y6paHcrno, -

pas,L1;eJIIIJI ITepBoHaqa.n:bHO Ha TPII qacTII. 3a-

TeM II3 .ll:BYX qaCTeii:, ITO,ll;pa3,ll;eJIIIB IIX, OH C,ll;eJiaJI ,ll;Ba,ll;I(aTb 0.ll:HY ,ll;OJIIO, a
TpeTbIO qacTb OCTaBIIJI HeTpOHYTOH .

.I1

,ll;eJieHIIe .ll:BYX qaCTeii: Ha ,ll;Ba,ll;I(aTb 0.ll:HY ,ll;OJIIO C,ll;eJiaHO 6bIJIO B CJie,ll;y-

IOmeM coo6pa:>KeHIIII: TaK KaK B ,ll;ep:>KaBe ero, KaK II3BeCTHO, ,ll;Ba,ll;I(aTb O,ll;Ha

*

CaJiwrecKIIM II Pm1yapcKIIM.

276
MIITpOnOJIH.H, TO ~ITo6bI Ka)K.ZJ:a.H II3 3TIIX .ZJ:OJieM nepe.n:aHa 6bIJia ttac11e.n;H1IKaMII II .n:py3b.HMII ero Ka)K.ZJ:OM MIITponOJIIIII B KaqeCTBe MIIJIOCTbIHII; II qT06bI
apx1IenIICKOn, KOTOpbIM B TO BpeM.H OKa)KeTC.H B rJiaBe TOM u;epKBII, nplIHIIMa.H
.ZJ:OJIIO, c11e.n:yIOI11YIO ero u;epKBII, pa3.n;eJIIIJI ee co CBOIIMII coenlICKOnaMII TaK,
qT06bI TpeTb .ZJ:OCTaJiaCb ero u;epKBII, a .n;Be TpeTII no.n:e11eHbl 6bIJIII Me)K.n:y ero
coenlICKOnaMII .
. . . I1MeHa )Ke MIITpOnOJIIIM, KOHM c11e.n:yeT npe.n:ocTaBIITb CHIO MIIJIOCTbIHIO
II 111e.n:p0Tb1, cyTh: PIIM, PaBeHHa, MII11att, <DpIIyJih [qIIBII.ZJ:aJie .n:e11b <DpIIy11b ], fpa.n:o, Ke11bH, Maiittu;, 3a11hu;6ypr, TpIIp, Cattc, Ee3attcoH, JlIIOH,
Pyatt, PeiiMc, Ap11b, BbeHH, C. MycTbe [B CaBoiie], 3M6pett [B .l{oqmtt3],
Eop.n;o, Typ, Eyp)K.
TpeTbeM )Ke qacTII, KOTopyIO OH OCTaBIIJI Hepa3.n;e11eHHOIO, Ha3HaqeHIIe
c11e.n;yI0111ee: B TO BpeM.H KaK .ZJ:Be qaCTII, pa3.n;e11eHHbie Ha BbIIIIeCKa3aHHbie
.ZJ:OJllI, cnp.HTaHbl 3a neqaT.HMII, 3Ta TpeTb.H .ZJ:OJl)l(Ha OCTaTbC.H Ha e)Ke.n;HeBHbie
Ha.n:o6HOCTII. Ilo KOHqIIHe )Ke ero IIJllI no .n:o6pOBOJlbHOM y.n:a11eHIIII OT .n:e11
MIIpCKIIX 3Ta qaCTb pacqJieH.HeTC.H Ha qeTBepo: o.n:tta qeTBepTb npIIcoe.n;IIH.HeTC.H
K BbIIIIeynoM.HHYTOM .ZJ:Ba.n:u;aTb O.ZJ:HOM .n:o11e; BTOpa.H .n:ocTaeTC.H CblHOBb.HM, .n:oqep.HM, a TaK)Ke CbIHOBHIIM CbIHOBb.HM II .n;oqep.HM II .n:eJIIITC.H Me)K.n:y HIIMII
cnpaBe.ZJ:JIIIBO II no npaBIIJiy; TpeTb.H, no 06b1qaIO xpIICTIIaH, -

Ha noTpe6y

6e.n;HbIM; qeTBepTa.H II.ZJ:eT' TO)Ke B BII.ZJ:e MIIJIOCTbIHII' Ha no.n:.n:ep)KKY c11yr II
CJiy)KaHOK, COCTO.HilllIX npII .ZJ:BOpu;e.
K 3Toii TpeTbeii qacTII Bcero IIMy111ecrna, KOTopa.H no.n:o6tto .n:pyrIIM .ZJ:BYM
COCTOIIT II3 30JIOTa II cepe6pa, OH II3BOJllIJI npIIcoe.n;IIHIITb COCY.ZJ:bl II yrnapb II3
Me.n;II, )KeJie3a II .n:pyrIIX MeTaJIJIOB, a TaK)Ke opy)KIIe II o.n:e)K.n:y BMeCTe c IIHOM
pa3ttoii pyx11.H.ZJ:bIO, .n:oporoii II npocToii, KaK-To: 3aHaBecII, noKpbrnaJia, KOBpb1, BOMJIOKII, KO)KII, BbIOqHhie ce.n:11a II Bee, qTo ttaii.n;eTc.H B 3TOT .n:ettb B ero
Ka3He, qT06bI OT cero Kpynttee 6bIJllI .ZJ:OJllI 3TOM TpeTbeM qacTII II MIIJIOCTbIH.H
nOIIIJia 6bI 60JibIIIeMy q1Ic11y JIIO.ZJ:eii.
Kane1111y )Ke, T.e. u;epKOBHO-CJiy)Ke6Hbie npe.n:MeTbI*' KaK Te, KOTOpbie OH
caM no)KepTBOBaJI II co6paJI, TaK II Te, KOTOpbie .ZJ:OCTaJIIICb eMy no Hac11e.n;cTBY OT OTIJ;a, OH noBeJieJI OCTaBIITb HenpIIKOCHOBeHHbIMII II HII B KOeM c11yqae
He .n:eJIIITb.
ECJIII )Ke r.n:e Haii.n;yTc.H COCY.ZJ:bl, KHIIrII IIJllI IIHbie .n:parou;eHHOCTII, KOTOpbie 3aBe.ZJ:OMO He 6bIJIII nO)KepTBOBaHbl IIM Kane1111e, TO TOT, KTO no)KeJiaeT
IIMeTb IIX, nycTb noKynaeT II BJia.n;eeT, 3an11aTIIB HaCTO.HillYIO u;etty. PaBHO II
0 KHIIrax, KOTOpbIX OH B CBoeii 61I6JIIIOTeKe co6paJI BeJIIIKOe MHO)KeCTBO, OH

*

CaH-faJIJICHCKIIii MOHax,

I, 4: ... KapJI

B3HJI B CBOIO KarreJIJiy,

KaKOBbIM IIMeHeM

cppaHKCKIIe KOpOJIII o6bPIHO Ha3bIBaIOT CBOH peJIIIKBapIIii [II CBOIO ,l(OMOBYIO QepKOBb]
II3-3a rrJiama (cappa) CB. MapTIIHa, KOTOpbIH OHII Bcer.n;a 6paJIII c co6oii Ha BOHHY
CBOCH pa,n;II oxpaHbI II Ha O,l(OJICHIIC BparaM ..... .

277
noCTaHOBHJI: nycTb )l<eJiaIOlll,He IIMeTb HX BbIKyn.HT HX no .ZJ;OJI)KHOH IJ,eHe,
,neHbflI )Ke noii.n;yT Ha 6e.n;HbIX.
lfaBeCTHO, qTo cpe.n;H npoqlfx COKpOBlflll, II IJ,eHHOCTeii eCTb TPH CTOJia cepe6p.HHbIX II O.ZJ;HH 30JIOTOH OTMeHHOH BeJilfqlfHbl II Beca.

0

HHX OH onpe.n;eJIHJI

H IIOCTaHOBHJI: O.ZJ;HH lf3 HHX, qeTbipexyrOJibHOH cpopMbl, TOT' Ha KOTOpOM II306pa)KeHIIe rpa.n;a KoHCTaHTIIHonoJI.H, nycTb oTnpaBJieH 6y.n;eT cpe.n;II npoqIIx
.napoB, K ceMy npe.n;Ha3HaqeHHbIX, B PIIM, B 6a3HJIIIKY CB. IleTpa anOCTOJia;
a .n;pyroii, KpyrJibIH, KOTOpb1ii yKparneH BH.n;OM ropo.n;a PIIMa, nepe.n;aTb co6opHoii PaBeHHCKoii 11,epKBII; TpeTIIii )Ke, KOTOpbIH 3HaqIITeJibHO npeBocxo.n;IIT
OCTaJibHbie II KpaCOTOH pa60Tbl, II BeCOM II, COCTO.H II3 Tpex KpyroB, co.n;ep)KHT
B TOHKOM II TOqHOM II3o6pa)KeHHH KapTIIHY Bcero MIIpa, paBHO II TOT 30JIOTOH
CTOJI, KOTOpblH Ha3BaH 6bIJI qeTBepTblM, KapJI onpe.n;eJIIIJI B TpeTbIO qacTb M.H
ee yBeJIJiqeHH.H, Ha pa3.n;eJI Me)K.n;y ero HaCJie.ZJ;HIIKaMII II Ha MIIJIOCTbIHIO.
( CBH.n;e:reJI51MII 6b1J1II rrpIICYTCTBOBaBIIIHe

11

eIIIIcKonoB,

4 a66aTa, 15 rpacpoB).

N2 5. ()rqeT rocy,rt;apeuldX noCJiaHu;eu (804 r.)
Kor.n;a no noBeJieHIIIO 6JiaroqecTHBeiirnero II BeJIIIKoro rocy.n;ap.H KapJia,
HMnepaTopa, II CbIHa ero, IlIInIIHa KOpOJI.H, Mbl, pa6bl IIX, a IIMeHHO npeCBHTep Izzo II rpacpbI Cadolao II Ajo, nocJiaHbI 6b1JIII B l1CTpIIIO pa.n;II .n;eJI CB.HTbIX 11,epKBeii focno.n;HHX, .n;JI.H npaB.ZJ;bI rocy.n;apeii HaIIIIIX, M.H 3alll,IITbI Hapo,na, 6e.n;H.HKOB, CIIpOT II B.ZJ;OB OT HaCl:IJIII.H, -

Mbl npe)K.n;e Bcero npII6bIJIII B

OKpyry KanpeiicKyIO*, B MecTeqKo PII3aHo, H 3.n;ecb coBoKynHo c .n;ocToqTIIMbIM My)KeM, naTpIIapxoM <DopTyHaTOM, a TaK)Ke c enl:ICKOnaMl:I ... l:I .n;pyrIIMl:I BJiaCT.HMII II Hapo.n;oM npoBHHIJ,l:III l1cTpHII Ha6paJIII Mbl II3 pa3HbIX o6JiaCTeii l:I MeCT l:IMeHIITblX JIIO.ZJ;eii (caprulai), ql:ICJIOM

172,

II BeJieJIII HM noKJUICTb-

. cg Ha CB.HTOM lleTBepoeBaHreJIIIII l:I Ha MOlll,aX CB.HTbIX, qTo 060 BCeM, qTo OHI:I
3HaIOT II qTO Mbl cnpOCIIM, OTBeT.HT no npaB.n;e ....

11

npe.n;cTaBIIJll:I OHI:I HaM rpaMOTKII no OT.ZJ;eJibHbIM o6JiaCT.HM II MeCTaM ... ,

111'0 co CTOpOHbl 11,epKBH HeT HM noMOlll,II, HII B3HOCa 06b1qHblX no.n;aTeii. <Dop1)'HaT )Ke naTpHapx .n;aBaJI OTBeT, rOBOp.H: «He 3HaIO .H, XOTIITe Jill Bbl rOBO-

pHTb qTo-JIII6o npOTHB MeH.H.

Bbl, KOHeqHO, 3HaeTe, qTo no.n;aTH, KOTOpbie CB.H-

Ta.H 11,epKOBb MO.H H3.n;peBJie II nOHbIHe nJiaTHJia B BaIIIIIX MeCTax, Bbl OTnycTHJIII MHe; a 3a 3TO .H, r.n;e Mor, II 6blJI, II ceiiqac xoqy 6bITb BaM B noMOlll,b; II
BaM Be.ZJ;OMO, CKOJib MHOro .n;apoB II nocJIOB nOCblJiaJI .H K rocy.n;apIO IIMneparopy pa.n;II Bae. Hbrne )Ke nycTb 6y.n;eT TaK, KaK BaM 6y.n;eT yro.n;Ho~ ....

11

Bee cKa3aJIH: «.lla, 3TO npaB.n;a ...

11

o naTpHapxe MbI 6oJibIIIe HIIqero

CKa3aTb He MO)KeM ... A 06 enIICKOnax y Hae MHoro, qTO CKa3aTh~.

1.

,llm1 rocy.n;apeBhlX nocJiaH11,eB, a TaK)Ke .ZJ;JI.H BC.HqecKIIX .n;aq II c6opoB

IlOJIOBHHY .n;aBaJia [npe)K.n;e] 11,epKOBb II nOJIOBIIHY Hapo.n; ....

• Caprulae, Ha c.-B. OT Betteu:nn, enncKoncKaJI pe3tt,ll,eHU:H51.

278
8.

11 JJ:IDKe B CaMOM Mope, r;.:i:e BC~IKIIH CBOOO)UIO pb16aqJJJ[, Mbl BCKOpe He ;.:i:ep-

3aJIH npOH3BOJJ:HTb JIOB, rr6o OHM H36HBaJIH Hae nan:KaMH II pe3aJIH HanIH ceTH.

A

qTo cnpanmBaJIH Bbl o ttacHJIHH, KaKoe qrrHHJI HaM repu;or 11oaHH, TO

CKa)l(eM BCIO npaB;.:i:y, HaCKOJibKO 3HaeM:
3axBaTHJI OH Hanm Jieca, r;.:i:e npe;.:i:KH Hanm nOJib30BaJIHCb TpaBOH II )l(eJIYJJ:HMH .... Iloca;.:i:HJI OH TaK)l(e CJiaBHH Ha Hanm 3eMJIH; naIIIyT OHM HaIIIH 3eMJil1 II nepeJIOfH, KOCHT HaIIIH Jiyra, nacyT Ha HaIIIHX nacT6mu;ax II 3a HaIIIH 3TH
3eMJIH ;.:i:aHb nJiaTHT 11oaHHy. 11 He OCTaeTCH y Hae HH CKOTa, HH JIOIIIa;.:i:eH:.

A

eCJIH Mbl qTO CKa)l(eM, OHM rp03HTCH y611Tb Hae. 0THHJI OH y Hae JJ:OMHIIIKH
HaIIIH, KOTOpbie npe;.:i:KH HaIIIH ycTpOHJIH corJiaCHO CTapHHHOMy 06b1qaIO ....
BoilCKOBOfO npOBHaHTa Mbl HHKor;.:i:a He CTaBHJIH, Ha rocno;.:i:CKOM JJ:BOpe
HHKOfJJ:a He pa60TaJIH, Ha BHHOrpa;.:i:HlIKax [ 6apCKHX] HHKor;.:i:a He pa60TaJIH,
H3BeCTKOBbIX neqeH: He ;.:i:eJiaJIH, JJ:OMOB HHKor;.:i:a He CTpOHJIH, nOCTOeB HHKOf;.:i:a He lIMeJIH, co6aK HlIKOr;.:i:a He BbIKapMJIHBaJIII, no6opoB HHKOr;.:i:a He HMeJIH, KaK HbIHe HMeeM: c Ka)l(JJ:OfO BOJia ;.:i:aeM no MOJJ:HIO; c OBeu; HHKor;.:i:a HHqero He nJiaTHJIH, KaK Tenepb nJiaTHM: Ka)l(JJ:bIH ro;.:i: ;.:i:aeM II OBeu;, II HrHHT. Ha
Kopa6JIHX xo;.:i:HM 11 B Betteu;HIO, II B PaBetttty, II B .ZJ:aJIMau;rrIO, 11 no peKaM,
qero HHKor;.:i:a He ;.:i:eJian:H paHbIIIe, II ;.:i:eJiaeM Bee 3TO He TOJibKO JJ:JIH caMoro
11oaHHa, HO II JJ:JIH CbIHOBeil, II JJ:JIH _a:oqepeH:, II AJIH 3HTH ero. Kor,a:a eMy nprrxo,a:11TCH OTnpaBJIHTbCH K rocy,a:apIO HMnepaTopy HJIH nOCbIJiaTb K HeMy CBOHX JIIO,a:eH:, OH 6epeT HaIIIHX JIOIIIa,a:eH:, CHJIOH yBOJJ:HT c co6oH: HaIIIHX CbIHOBeif II 3aCTaBAAeT HX Be3TH CBOM 0603 .... .ZJ:oMOM OHM B03Bparn.aIOTCH 6e30 BCero, JIOIIIa,a:eif )Ke HaIIIHX OH JIH6o OCTaBJIHeT BO cppaHKCKOM CTpatte, JIII6o
pa3,a:apHBaeT HX CBOHM JIIOJJ:HM.
f0Bop11T, 6brnan:o, ttapo,a:y: ~.ZJ:aBailTe co6epeM no;.:i:apoK rocy,a:apIO HaIIIeMy
HMnepaTopy, KaK 3TO Mbl ,a:eJiaJIH BO BpeMeHa rpeKOB, II nycTb II,a:eT OT Hapo,a:a
nocJiaHeu; BMeCTe co MHOM II nyCTb nQJJ:HeCeT OH ,a:apbl rocy,a:apIO HMnepampy~.
Mb1 co6rrpaeM c BeJI11KoIO pa,a:ocTbIO.

A

Kor,a:a ,a:eJio ,a:oxo,a:HT ,a:o OT'be3,a:a, oH

roBopIIT: ~He tta,a:o6tto BaM e3JJ:l1Th; H 6y,a:y npe,a:cTaTeJieM 3a Bae nepe,a: rocy,a:apeM lIMIIepaTopoM~. 11 BOT OH c HaIIIHMH ;.:i:apaMH H,a:eT K rocy,a:apIO HMIIepaTopy, ,a:o6brnaeT rroqeT ce6e II CbIHOBbHM CBOIIM, a Mbl rrpe6brnaeM B BeJIHKOH TecttoTe II o6rr,a:e.
Bo BpeMetta rpeKOB MbI pa3 B ro;.:i:, 6y,a:e tteo6xo,a:rrMo, ;.:i:eJiaJIII c6op JJ:JIH
HMrrepaTOpCKHX IIOCJiattu;eB: c COTHH OBeu;, y KOfO Otta 6bIJia, OJJ:HY OBu;y; HbIHe
)Ke, y KOfO He 6oJiee Tpex, OT6HpaeTCH OJJ:Ha, II He 3HaeM, KaK o6opOHHTbCH.
Bech ro,a: ero JIIOAH OT6HpaIOT BCe 3TO. Ha CBOIO nOTpe6y repu;or 11oaHH HMeeT
TO, qero HHKor,a:a He HMeJI yrrpaBHTeJib (rnagister rniliturn) rpeqecKHH ... .ZJ:eCHTHHy, KOTOpaH JJ:OJI)l(Ha 6bI HATH CBHTOH u;epKBH, BOT y)I( TPH ro,a:a Mbl ,a:aeM
rroraHbIM CJiaBHHaM, c Tex rrop KaK OH IIOCJiaJI HX Ha HaIIIH II u;epKOBHbie 3eMJIH ce6e Ha rpex, a HaM Ha rrorrr6eJib. . . OT Bcero BbIIIIeyKa3aHHoro rrpHIIIJIH

279
Mbl Bee B pa3opem1e ... KomI rro.n:,n:ep)l(.HT Hae rocy.n.apb KapJI, MMrrepaTop, Mbl
CMO)l(eM IIO,ll,H51TbC51; eCJI.H )Ke HeT, TO Jiyqrne HaM yMepeTb, qeM

)l(.HTb~.

Tor.n.a cKa3aJI repuor l1oaHH: ~OTHOC.HTeJibHO JiecoB Tex .H rracTb6b1, Ha
KOTOpble Bbl yKa3bIBaeTe, 51 IIOJiaraJI, qTo OHM .HMIIepaTOpCKMe M II03TOMy
,ll;OJI)l(Hbl 6b1Tb o6m.HM.H; HbIHe )Ke, pa3 Bbl fOBOp.HTe rro.n. rrp.HC51fOH, 51 .HX BaM
BepHy; rro6opoB OBeu Brrpe,ll,b rrpO.H3BO,ll,.HTb He 6y.n.y, MHaqe KaK ITO CTapMHHOMy BarneMy 06brqa10. TaK )Ke .H HacqeT rro.n.apKa rocy.n.ap10 JIMrrepaTopy. OTHOCJITeJibHO )Ke pa6oT' IIJiaBaH.H51 II qaCTOH IIOCTaBKJI IIO,ll,BO,ll,, ecJIJI 3TO BaM
Ka)l(eTc51 T51)1(KJIM, TO Brrpe.n.b 3Toro He 6y.n.eT ... A qTo KacaeTC51 cJiaB51H, TO MbI,
no BaIIIeMy yKa3aH.HIO, rrpII6y,ueM Ha Te 3eMJIJI, r.ue OHM C.H,ll,51T, JI pa36epeM:
r.n.e OHM MoryT OCTaBaTbC51 6e3 ymep6a ,ll,Jl51 Bae, rrycTb OCTalOTC51; eCJIJI )Ke
npJiq.HH51IOT KaKoiI-JIJI6o ymep6 IIOJI5IM, JiecaM, rrepeJioraM JIJIJI qeMy-JIJI6o, MbI
BblfOHJIM JIX

BOH~ ...

Tyr MbI, rocy.n.apeBbI rroCJiaHUbI, 03a60TJIJIJICb, qrn6b1 repuor l1oattH .n.aJI [BO
BCeM 3TOM] rropyKy ... ' a Hapo.n., co CBOeH CTOpOHbl, pa3peIIIJIJI eMy JI3BeCTKOBbie
neq.H, HO c TaKMM yCJioBJieM, qroob1 6oJibrne OH HJiqero rro.n.o6Horo He rpe6oBaJI ...
TaK paccy.n.IIJI.H .H corJiaCJIJilICb B rrp.HcyTcTB.HlI rrocJiaHUeB rocy.n.apeBbIX
-

l13oHa rrpecBJITepa, Ka.n.oJia51 .H Ai1:51, JI co6crneHHopyqHo rro.n.rrJICaJIJI B

HaIIIeM rrpIICYTCTBMM: <l>opTyHaT JI T. ,ll,.

NQ 6. OxpaHa rocy,u;apcTBeHHhlX HHTepecoe
npH Kap.71e Be.JIHKOM (805 r.)
§ 15.

0

CB060,ll,HblX JllO,ll,51X, KOTOpbie XOT51T OT,ll,aTb ce651 Bory. )la He .n.e-

JiaIOT OHM 3TOfO, IIOKa He JICIIpOC51T Harnero pa3perneHJI51, rroeJIJIKY Mbl CJibIIIlaJIJI, qTO HeKOTOpbie JI3 HJIX IIOCTyrraIOT TaK He CTOJibKO JI3 6JiaroqecTJI51,
CKOJlbKO qTo6bI JI36e)l(aTb BOJIHCKOH JIJIM JIHOH KOpOJieBCKOH CJiy)l(6b1; .n.pyrJie
)Ke, o6MaHyTbie, KaK Mbl CJibIIIlaJI.H, TeMJI, KTO CT51)1(aTeJibCTBa pa,uJI BOCXOTeJI
HX JIMeHJI51, -

§ 16.

JI CJie Mbl TaK)l(e BOCrrpemaeM.

06 yKperrJieHJIJI 6e,ll,H51KOB CB060,ll,HbIX. )la He Teprr51T OHM HJIKaKOH

HecrrpaBe,ll,JIJIBOCTM M 3JIOfO HaCJIJIM51, TaK qTO rrpOT.HB BOJIM rrpo.n.aIOT JIJIM rrepe.n.aIOT CBOe JIMymecTBO. IloceMy Mbl JI BbIIIIe

(§

15) M Terrepb fOBOplIM 0 CB0-

60,ll,HbIX: He JI.HIIIaTb po.n.cTBeHHMKOB HaCJie.n.crna.. BorrpeKJI crrpaBe,ll,JIJIBOCTJI,
.n;a6br KopoJieBcKoe .n.eJio He TeprreJio ymep6a, a caMJI HacJie,ll,HJIKII JI3-3a Ma.110MoqHocTJI He CTaJIM H.HIUJIMJI, pa360HHJIKaMJI 11 3JIO,ll,e51M.H ...

§ 17.
HX.

B

0 uepKBax JI HOB05IBJieHHb1x yro,ll,HJIKax. 5e3 Be.n.oMa eIIMCKorra He ~

3TOM, KaK II BO Bcex uepKOBHbIX .n.eJiax, Hepyrn.HM aBTOPJITeT uepKBJI.

NQ 7. CTPac6yprcxaa: npHcs:ra
l1 BOT 14-ro cpeBpaJI51 [842 ro.n.a] JI10.n.0BJIK 11 KapJI co6paJIIICb B ropo.n.e,
KOTOpbIH HeKor.n.a 3BaJIC51 ApreHrnpmi:, HbIHe )Ke B rrpocTopeqJIJI CTpac6ypr;

H rrpO.H3HeCJIJI OHM HJI)l(eIIpJIBe,ll,eHHbie KJI51TBbl, JlIO,ll,OBJIK Ha 513bIKe poMaH-

280
eKoM, KapJI :>Ke Ha TeBTOHeKoM. A rrepe.n: rrpne.siroif o6paTMJIMeb OHR K 0Kpy:>Ka10rn.eMy Hapo,n:y, OJJ:MH Ha TeBTOHeKOM, ,n:pyroif Ha poMaHeKOM .sI3bIKe. JI10,n:OBMK, KaK CTapnrnif, rOBOplIJI rrepBbIM: ~CKOJib LJaeTO JloTapb rroeJie eMepTll po,n:nTeJI.si Halliero IIbITaJie.si M3BeeTII MeHH e 6paToM, Bbl xopollio 3HaeTe.
Kor,n:a :>Ke HM 6paTeKoe, HM xpneni:aHeKOe qyBeTBO, HlI Bee eTapaHM.sI Hallin He
MOrJilI npHBeeTM K TOMy, LJT06bI 6bIJI Me:>K.n:y HaMM Mlip 6e3 HapyllieHMH npaBJJ:bl, Tor,n:a MbI noHeBoJie nepe,n:aJin ,n:eJio ey,n:y BeeMoryrn.ero foeno,n:a, LJT06b1
Ott, Ha y,n:oBJiernopeHHe Beex Hae, yKa3aJI, LJTO KoMy eJie,n:yeT. Ha eeM ey,n:e
MbI, KaK Bbl 3HaeTe, MMJioeep,n:neM foeno,n:a oKa3aJIMeb rro6e,n:nTeJI.HMM, OH :>Ke,
no6e:>K,n:eHHb1ll:, BMeeTe e npneHblMlI y,n:aJinJie.si Ty,n:a, r,n:e 6brna eme y Hero
eHJia. IlpOHMKHYTble 6paTeKOH JII060Bbl0 lI lI3 eoCTpa,n:aHlI.H K JIIO,n:y xpHeTHatteKOMy' Mbl He TIO:>KeJiaJilI ero npeeJie,n:oBaTb lI YHMLJTO:>KlITb, HO lI Tenepb, KaK
lI paHbllie, rropyqliJilI [ ee6.si foerro.n:y ], LJT06b1 Ka:>K,n:OMy HaKOHeu; B03JJ:aHO 6bIJIO
no errpaBe,n:JIMBOCTM. A OH lI noeJie sToro, He,n:OBOJibHbIH Eo:>KblIM ey,n:oM, Bee
eHOBa lI eHOBa rrpeeJie,n:yeT Hae e 6paTJieH BOHHOH, a Hapo.n: Halli IIO:>KapaMlI,
rpa6e:>KOM lI y6Hii:CTBOM; a noceMy Mbl, BbIHY:>K.lJ:eHHbie Heo6xo,n:lIMOCTbIO, co6paJilICb HbIHe II, rrpe,n:rroJiara.si, LJTO Bbl COMHeBaeTeCb B rrpOLJHOeTII lI eHJie
Hallieif 6paTCKOH BepHOCTlI, nopelliIIJIII rrpHHeeTlI rrpHe.Hry B BallieM rrpHcyTCTBlilI ... ECJilI :>Ke - .n:a He 6y,n:eT 3TOro! - H Hapylliy KJISITBY 6paTy MOeMy,
TO 3TIIM SI pa3pelliy Bcex Bae OT rro.n:,n:aHCTBa lI OT rrpnc.HrlI, KOTOpyIO Bbl IIplIHeeJIH MHe>.>. IIocJie Toro KaK Kap.71 rrpoBo3r.llacII.71 TO :>Ke caMoe Ha poMaHCKOM
.H3bIKe, rrepBblM rrpIIHeC KJI.HTBeHHOe o6ern.aHIIe JI10,n:OBIIK, KaK CTaplliIIH, B
CJie,ll.yIOill,lIX Bbipa:>KeHH.HX: dfa JII06BlI K focrro.n.y, pa,n:H xpHeTIIaHeKoro lI 06mero Halliero enaceHHH, OTHbIHe lI Bnpe.n.b, HaeKOJibKO focno.n.b Eor ,n:acT MHe
pa3yMeHne H CHJiy, H no.n..n.ep:>Ky eero 6paTa eBoero KapJia n [BoeHHoli] no.n.Moroii:, Ii BC.HKHM .n:pyrMM ,n:eJIOM - TaK, KaK Ii BC.HKHM qeJIOBeK BOHCTMHY
,ll.OJI:>KeH no.n:,n:ep:>KlIBaTb 6paTa eBoero, - eeJIH OH MHe OTBenu TeM :>Ke. A OT
JloTap.H H He npMMy HHKaKoro ycJIOBHH, KOTopoe 3aBe,ll.OMO 6y,n:eT B yrn.ep6 eeMy
6paTy MoeMy KapJiy>.>. Kor.n.a JI10,n:oBIIK OKOHLJHJI, KapJI npott3Hee B Tex :>Ke
eJIOBax KJI.HTBeHHOe 06ern.am1e Ha TeBTOHCKOM .H3bIKe ...

III. HATYPAJibHOE X035IHCTBO
N2 8. Capitulare de villis
§ 1.

Mb1 :>KeJiaeM, LJT06b1 noMeeTb.H HalliH, KOH Mbl onpe.n;eJIHJIH 6bITb ,ll.JI.H
HY:>K.ll. HallillX, CJIYJKIIJIH Bceu;eJIO HaM, a He .n.pyrnM JIIOJJ:.HM.
§ 6. Mb1 :>KeJiaeM, LJT06b1 yrrpaBHTeJIH (judiees) HalliH OT Beero npn6b1TKa .n.aBaJIH 6bI IIOJIHOCTbIO .n:ec.HTHHY u;epKBaM, HaXO.lJ:.Hill,HMC.H B HalliHX IIOMe-

281
CTb.SIX, a B uepKOBb Apyroro ;rnua Harneii JJ;eoITIIHhI He JJ;aBaTb, pa3Be qTo IIecrapII TaK 3aBeJJ;eHo.

A

TOJibKO y HaIIIIIX, -

JIII6o II3 qeJI.SIAII Harneii, JIM60 II3 Harnett KaneJIJibl.

§ 8.

uepKBII HarnII nyeTb 6yAyT Hey qy:arn:x KJmpIIKOB, a

qT06bI ynpaBIITeJIII HaIIIM npIIH.SIJIII HaIIIII BIIHOrpa.n;HIIKII, KOTOpbie

TO)Ke B IIX BJiaJJ;eHIIlI, II .n;ep)KaJIII 6bI MX B nop.SIJJ;Ke, a eaMO BIIHO eJIMBaJIM B
.zi;o6pbie eoeyJJ;bl II nu:aTeJibHO eMoTpeJIII, 'IT06bI HIIKOIIM o6pa3oM He 6bIJIO
yTeqKII . .l(pyroe )Ke BIIHO, npocToe, noKynaTb TaM, OTKyJJ;a OHO MO)KeT 6bITb
HanpaBJieHO B HaIIIII noMeeTb51.

I1

eeJIII 3T0f0 BIIHa 6yJJ;eT npIIo6peTeHo 60Jib-

we, qeM HY)KHO, oTnpaBIITh B HaIIIII noMeeTbR II II3BeCTHTh Hae, .n;a6hI MbI eoo6IUIIJIII, KaKOBa Harna Ha 3TOT e'!eT BOJIH. Jl03bl c HaIIIIIX BIIHOrpa,n;HIIKOB
IlOCbIJiaTb HaM no Harneii Ha.n;o6HOeTII. 06poKII e HaIIIIIX noMeeTIIii, eeJIII KTO
IlJlaTIIT BlIHOM, co.n;ep)KaTb B HaIIIIIX rrorpe6ax.

§ 9.

Mb1 )KeJiaeM, qT06h1 BeHKIIii yrrpamITeJih B eBoeM Be.n;oMeTBe IIMeJI

TaKHe )Ke Mepb1 KOpo6bR, -

§ 10.

MO,n;IIII, ceKcTapIIII, CIITYJihI, qTo B BoceMb ceKcTapIIeB, II

KaKIIe II y Hae BO ,ll;Bopue HarneM.

qT06bI erapoCTbl (majores) HaIIIII, JieCHHYJIIe, KOHIOXII, KJIIQqHIIKII,

,n;ecRTeKIIe, c6opmIIKII II rrpoqIIe ,n;BopOBhie errpaBJIHJIII eBoH: rroJieBoH: ypoK* II
,ZJ;aBaJIII rropoeRT co eBOIIX yqacTKOB, B3aMeH )Ke 6apmIIHbl IICIIpaBHO HeCJIII CBOM

A

CJIY)K6bI.

erapoeTa, IIMeromIIii 6eHe¢IIUIIR, rryeTb noIIIJieT B3aMeH ce6R qeJIO-

BeKa, KOTOpbIR ,ll;OJI)KeH OT6bITb BMeeTO Hero 6apmIIHY lI MHble nOBIIHHOCTH.

§ 16.

MbI )KeJiaeM, qT06h1 Bee, qTo npIIKa)KeM KaKoMy-HII6y.n;h ynpaBn:Te-

;no Mbl, MJIII KOpoJieBa, MJIH eJiy)Kamee Hamn:, ,n:Bopeu;KMH MJIII qarnHIIK, HaWHM IIMeHeM, BblIIOJIHRJIOeb B TOT epoK, KaK 6bIJIO npn:Ka3aHo; a KTO no He6pe)KHOeTM oeJiyrnaeTeH, nyeTb B03,n;ep)KHTCR OT nIITbR e TOro BpeMeHII, KaK
eMy 06 3TOM o6bRBIITb, II .n;o TOH nopbl, noKa OH He RBIITeR nepe.n; O'III HaIIIII
HJIII KOpOJieBbI II He n:cnpOCHT y Hae pa3perneHM.SI OT B03JJ;ep)KaHIIR.

A

eeJIII

yrrpaBHTeJib 6y,n:eT B BOMeKe, Ha eTOpO)KeBoii CJiy)K6e IIJIII B KaKOM-Jin:6o OTbe3,n,e no HarneMy JJ;eJiy, II MeHbIIIIIM ero 6y,n,eT qTo-;m6o npn:Ka3aHo, a oHn: He
HCnOJIHRT, TOfJJ;a nyeTb OHII npn:i:i:yT neIIIIIMII BO ,ll,BOpeu II B03L(ep)KaTCR OT
Blrna II MRCa AO Tex nop, IIOKa He npei:i:CTaBHT o6b51CHeHIIe, noqeMy OHII ci:i:eJlaJIII 3TO ynymeHIIe; II Tori:i:a BbIHL(eT IIM perneHMe -

Ha cnn:He IIX HJIII IIHa-

~e, KaK 3a6Jiaropaccyi:i:n:TcH HaM c KopoJieBoH:.

§ 17.

CKOJibKO Ka)KJJ;bIR IIMeeT B CBOeM yrrpaBJieHIIII noMeCTMH, CTOJibKO

OH L(OJI)KeH i:i:ep)KaTh oco6bIX JIIO,ll;eil:, KOTOpbie 3a60TIIJIIIeb 6bI 0 rrqeJiax ,UJIH
ttarneH: ttai:i:o6ttocTn:.

§ 18.

qT06bI npII MeJibHIIUaX HaIIIIIX, CMOTpH no poi:i:y IIX, .n;ep){(aJIII KaK

MO)KHO Jiyqrne KYP IIJIII ryceH:.

§ 19.
ttee

*

100

Ilpn: aM6apax HaIIIIIX nycTb i:i:ep)KaT: B 60JibIIIIIX IIMeHIIHX He Me-

KYP II

30

ryceil:, Ha xyTopax )Ke He Mettee

50

KYP II

BcrraIIIKa orrpe,1.1.eJiettttoro tte6oJibIIIOro yqacrKa 6apcKoii: 3eMJIM.

12

ryceii.

282

§ 21.

IIyeTh Ka/K,n:hIM yrrpamueJib B Tex rroMeeTMIX Hanrnx, r.n:e eeTb

rrpy,n:, rro.n:,n:ep/KHBaeT ero H, 6y,n:e B03MO/KHO, paenrnp.SieT, a r.n:e rrpy,n:a HeT H
BblpbITb ero MO/KHO, rryeTb yeTpOHT ero saHOBO.

§ 23.

B Ka/K,n:OM IIOMeeThe HarneM rryeTb yrrpamueJIH HMeIOT KOpOBHHKH,

eBHHapHH, OB"'IaPHH, XJieBa Lt:JI.SI K03 H K03JIOB; HMeTb HX KaK MO/KHO 60JibIIIe
H BeeHerrpeMeHHO.

A

KpoMe Toro rryeTb HMeIOT OHM eKOT' pas,n:aBaeMbIM HaIIIHM

pa6aM Lt:JI.SI errpaBJiemrn HX pa6oT' HO TaK, "'IT06bI 6apeKoe ,n:eJIO BeHHbie rrpo,n:JKTbl H IIOLt:B03 HX -

He IIOTeprreJio y:w:ep6a.

Kor.n:a rrpH,n:eTe.SI rroehIJiaTb HM y6oHHy, -

11

X03.SIMeT-

rryeTh HMeIOT OHM,

BOJIOB He saMopeHHbIX, KOpOB H

JIOIIIa,n:eii He 6oJibHbIX, a TaK/Ke H MeJIKHM eKOT B xoporneM TeJie, qTo6hI, KaK
Mbl y/Ke eKa3aJIH, He eTpa,n:a.'IO rrpo,n:OBOJibeTBeHHOe H IIOLt:B03HOe Harne ,n:eJIO.

§ 25.

06 [ oeeHHeii] rraeTb6e eBHHeM OHM Lt:OJI)KHbl ,n:aBaTb 3HaTb K 1-My

eeHT.SI6p.SI, eoeTO.SIJiaeb OHa HJIH HeT.

§ 26.

Crnpoern rryeTb HMeeT B Be,n:emm eBOeM He 6oJibIIIe, qeM eKOJibKO

OH B o,n:HH ,n:eHb MO/KeT o60MTH H oeMoTpeTb.

§ 27.

IloKOH HaIIIH Lt:OJI)KHbl HMeTb oqarH, a rrpH HHX rroeTO.SIHHblX eTopo-

/KeM, qTo6bI OHM oeTaBaJIHeb B u;eJIOeTH, T.e. He eropaJIH 6bI. Kor.n:a /Ke K HaM
HJIH OT Hae HLt:YT rroeJiaHD;bl HJIH rroeJibl, TO HHKOHM o6pa30M He HMeTb HM
rroeTO.SI B HaIIIHX ,n:oMax, eeJIH He 6y,n:eT Ha 3TO oeo6oro IIOBeJieHll.SI Harnero HJIH
KOpOJieBbI; a rpa¢, B CHJIY CBoeii ,IJ,OJI)KHOCTH, H Te JIIO,UH, KOTOpb1e H3,UaBHa
o6.SI3aHbl sa6oTHTbe.SI 0 rroeJiaHu;ax H IIOCJiaX, rrycTb sa6oT.SITe.SI H Brrpe,n:b 06b1qHbIM o6pa30M 0 HHX, 0 JIOIIIaLt:.SIX H 0 BCeM Heo6xo,n:HMOM, qTo6hI OHM 6JiaroIIOJIY"lJHO He qeeTbIO COBepIIIaJIH CBOM rryTh K HaM HOT Hae.

§ 28.

JKeJiaeM, qT06b1 e/Kero,n:Ho B qeTh1pe.n:ec.SITHHU:Y, B Bep6ttoe BOCKpe-

ceHhe, KOTopoe soBeTc.SI OcaHHOIO, corJiacHo rrpnKasy HaIIIeMJ, .n:ocrnBAAJIHCh
,n:eHbI'H c Harnero X03.SIMCTBa IIOCJie Toro, KaK Mbl rrpoBepHM, CKOJibKO B HCTeKIIIeM ro.n:y 6bIJIO npH6bITKOB c Harnero X03HMCTBa.

§ 32.

qT06bI Ka/KLt:bIM yrrpaBHTeJib sa60THJICH ll:MeTb Bcer.n:a .n:o6pbie H Ha-

HJiyqrnne ceMeHa Lt:JIH rroceBa, XOTH 6b1 rroKyrra.SI nx.

§ 34.

Oco6eHHO T:W:aTeJihHO HY/KHO CMOTpeTb, qT06b1 Bee, qTo ,n:eJiaeTc.SI H

H3I'OTOBJI.SieTC.SI pyKaMH, KaK-TO: CBHHOe CaJIO, B.SIJieHoe M.SICO, COJIOHHHa, M.SICO
CBe/Kero rrpocoJia, BHHO, yKcyc, TJTOBOe IlMTbe, HaJIHBKa, pbI6HaH CO.SI, ropqHu;a, Chip, MaCJIO, COJIO,n:, IlHBO, Me,n: Jl..ll.SI IlHTb.SI, Me,n: meJIHHbIM, BOCK, MyKa, 6bIJIO c,n:eJiaHO II H3I'OTOBJieHO c BeJIIIqaiirneIO orrp.SITHOCTblO.

§ 35.

JKeJiaeM, qTo6bI nplirOTOBJI.SIJIOCb eaJio OT /KHpHblX 6apaHOB II CBII-

Heii; KpOMe Toro, B Ka/K,n:OM IIOMeCTbe qTo6bI 6bIJIO He Mettee ABYX OTKOpMJieHHblX BOJIOB; OT HIIX .n:o6bIBaTb CaJIO Ha MeCTe IIJIII rrpHrOHHTb IIX K HaM.

§ 36.

qT06b1 Jieca H po:w:II HaIIIH xoporno oxpaH.SIJIHCb; II r.n:e 6bIJIII Mee-

Ta, HasHaqeHHbie rro.n: pacq1IcTKY, -

IIX

pacqm1~aTb

H He ,n:aBaTb noJIHM sapa-

CTaTb JiecoM; a r.n:e Lt:OJI/KHbl 6bITb Jieca, He Il03BOAATb IIX py61ITb 3p51 H ry61ITb;

283
a 3BepHHU:hI Hanm B Jiecax nu:aTeJibHO oxpaIDITh; paBHbIM o6pasoM rrpmiacaTb
COKOJIOB H .HCTpe6oB tl;JI.H Harnett Hat1;06HOCTH; a o6poKH co6HpaTb ycepti:HO.
YnpaBHTeJIH )l(e, eCJIH OHM rryCT.HT CBOHX CBHHeM AJIH OTKOpMa B HaIIIH Jieca,
IJ"aK)l(e CTapOCTbl HaIIIH H HX JIIOtJ;H, caMH rrepBbIMH rrycTb BHOC.HT

~tJ;eC.HTHHy~,

noti:aBa.H 3THM t1;06pbIM rrpHMep, l.:IT06bI 3aTeM ti:pyrHe TaMOIIIHHe JIIOAH ti:aBaJIH tJ;eCHTHHY CIIOJIHa.

§ 39.

)KeJiaeM, l.IT06b1 KYP H Hliu:a co cJiy)l(6 H sa seMJIIO t1;ep)l(aJIH B 3a-

nace roti:; 6yti:e )l(e He rroHati:o6.HTCH HaM - o3a6onIThCH rrpoti:aTb.
§ 40. 1fro6bI yrrpaBHTeJib Ka)l()],QfO IIOMeCTb.H, coo6pa3HO HaIIIeMy )1.0CTOHHCTBy, HerrpeMeHHO ti:ep)l(aJI ... rraBJIHHOB, cpa3aHOB, YTOK, roJiy6eM:, KyporraTOK, ropJIHU:.
§ 42. 1ho6hI B Ka)l()],OM IIOMeCTbe B KJia)].OBbIX MMeJIMCb ITOCTeJIM, rryxoBHKM, rro.z:i.yrnKM, rrpOCTbIHM, CTOJIOBbie CKaTepTM, IIOCTMJIKM Ha JiaBKH, rrocy.z:i;a Me)],Ha.H, OJIOB.HHHa.H, )l(eJie3Ha.H, .z:i.epeB.HHHa.H, TaraHhl, u:e1m lI KpIOKM [.z:i.m1
no.z:i.BeIIIMBaHM.H KOTJIOB], CTpyrM*' TOIIOpbI, T.e. KOJIYHbl, CBepJia, T.e. 6ypaBhl,
HO)l(H lI BOo6iu:e BC.HKMe Heo6X0)1.MMbie opymrn, qTo6hI B cJiyqae HY)l(J1.bl He
npMXO)].MJIOCb 3aHMMaTb r.z:i.e-HM6y.z:i.b MJIH 3aKa3bIBaTb. l.{ocrrexH )l(e, KOTOpbie
Ha HX OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH, )1.0JI)l(Hbl 6bITb B HCrrpaBHOCTH, Kor.z:i.a HX 6epyT B IIOxo.z:i., a TaK)l(e Kor.z:i.a HX B03Bpaiu:aroT H y6IIpaIOT B KJia)],OBbie.

§ 43.

IlycTb Ha6JIIO)],aIOT, qTo6hI BOBpeM.H )1.aBaJIH Ha :a<eHcKyro IIOJIOBH-

Hy ttarny, KaK ycTaHOBJieHO, JieH, rnepCTb, BaiI.z:i.y, pa3Hble KpaCHbie KpaCKH,
BOpCHHKy, 60)1,.HK**, MbIJIO, MaCJia, COCYJ1.bl H OCTaJibHYIO MeJIOqb, Heo6X0)1.HMyl0 TaM.

§ 44. lfa

IIOCTHOfO )].Be qacrn: e)l(efOtl;HO )1.0CTaBJI.HIOTC.H HaM Ha Harny rro-

Tpe6y, KaK OBOIIJ:H, TaK H pb16a, Chip, MaCJIO

(butirum),

Me)],, ropqHu;a, yKcyc,

nrnetto II rrpoco, cyrnettbie H cBe)l(He TpaBbI, pe.z:i.bKa, TaK)l(e perra, BOCK, MhIJio
H rrpoqa.H MeJioqb; a 0 TOM, qTo 6y.z:i.eT He )1.0CJiaHo, rryCTb OTITYCT.HT HaM H He
YKJIOH.HIOTC.H OT 3TOrO, KaK OHH .z:i.eJiaJIH )1.0 CHX rrop, n6o Mbl no 3THM 21.BYM
"laCT.HM :a<eJiaeM 3HaTb, CKOJibKO OCTaeTC.H B TOM TpeTbeM.

§ 45.

IlycTb BC.HKHM yrrpaBHTeJib B X03.HMCTBe HMeeT .z:i.o6pb1X peMeCJieH-

HHKOB, T.e. KY3HeU:OB, 3HaIOIIJ:HX TaK)l(e 30JIOTOe H cepe6p.HHOe .z:i.eJio, rnopHHKOB, pe3qHKOB, IIJIOTHHKOB, 6oqapoB, pb160JIOBOB, IITHU:eJIOBOB H IITHqHHKOB,
MbIJIOBapoB, KBaCOBapoB, T.e. TaKHX, KOTOpbie MOryT CBapHTb H IIHBO, H KBaCbl
R:6JIOqHbie H rpyrneBbie, H HHhie pa3Hhle HaIIHTKH, rrpHHTHbie )1.JIH IIMTh.H; rreKapeM:, qT06b1 rreqb 6eJihIM xJie6 )1.JIH Ramero cToJia, JIIOti:eM:, xoporno rrJieTyw;nx ceTH )1.JIH OXOTbl, pbI6HOM JIOBJIH H JIOBJIH IITHU:bl, paBHO H rrpoqHX MacrepoB, rrepeqJICJI.HTb KOTOpbIX 6hIJIO 6hI )1.0Jiro.

• IlpocTeihua5I cpopMa py6attKa.
• • Pa3HOBH.lJ:HOCTH penettHHKa, ynoTpe6Jrn:BumecH ;:i:1151 tta<Jeca rnepcTH (BopcHHKa, cp.
ceopc~).

284
§ 48.

qT06bI .ll,aBIIJibHM B Hanrnx MMeHMHX 6bIJIM xopomo ycTpOeHhI; M

rryCTb CMOTpHT yrrpaBIITeJIM, qTo6bI BMHOrpa.n. Ham HMKTO He CMeJI .n.aBMTb HOraMM, HO qT06bI Bee .n.eJiaJIOCb qMCTO M qeCTHO.

§ 51.

IlyCTb CMOTPMT Ka)K.ll,blM yrrpaBMTeJib, qTo6bI JIMXMe JIIO.ll,M HMKOMM

o6pa30M He MOrJIM crrpHTaTb qacTb HamMX ceMHH IIO.ll, 3eMJIIO MJIM eII1e Ky.n.a,
OT qero ypo)KaM Ham crntteT xy)Ke. PaBHO rrycTb cMoTpHT 3a .n.pyrMM MX KOJI.lJ.OBCTBOM, qT06bI OHM He C.ll,eJiaJIM qero-JIM6o.

§ 53.

IlycTb Ka)K.ll,blM yrrpaBMTeJib CMOTpMT, qT06bI JIIO.ll,M ttamM, cJiy)Ka-

IIIMe, OTHIO,l(b He 6bIJIM pa360MHMKaMM M KOJI.ll.yHaMM.

§ 58.

Ey.n.e II1eHHTa HamM rropyqeHbl 6y.n.yT .ll,JIH BCKOpMa yrrpaBMTeJIHM

ttamMM, TO caM yrrpaBMTeJib rryCTb KOpMMT MX OT

ce6H

J:IJIM rropyqaeT MX crron-

pyqHbIM CBOMM, T.e. CTapoCTaM, ,l(eCHTHMKaM M KJIIOqHMKaM, qT06bI OHM KOpMJ:IJIM MX KaK CJienyeT M M3 CBOMX rrpMrraCOB, pa3Be qTo 6y.n:eT rrpMKa3 Ham J:IJIM
KOpOJieBbl -

KOpMMTb MX B HameM rroMeCTbe HamMMM rrpmiacaMH; M Torna

yrrpaBMTeJib rrycTb rrpMCTaBMT oco6oro qeJioBeKa K 3TOMy .ll,eJiy' qT06bI OH KOpMMJI MX KaK CJie.n:yeT' M rrycTb OT,l(eJIMT MM KOpM, qT06bI OHOMY qeJIOBeKy He
6bIJIO Ha.ll,06HOCTM e)Ke,ll,HeBHO 6eraTb B aM6apbl.

§ 60.

CrnpocT HMKOMM o6pa3oM He Ha3Ha'l:aTb M3 JIIO.n;eii 6oJiee CMJibHhIX,

a M3 Jiro.n;e:H cpe.n:ttMx, na rroBepttee.

§ 62. IIycTh

yrrpaBMTeJIM ttamM e)Kerontto K Po)Knecrny

XpMcToBy

M3Be-

II1aIOT Hae TOqHO, pa3,l(eJibHO M no rropH.ll.KY 0 rrpM6b1TKax HamMX, .n;a6bI Mbl
MOrJIM 3HaTb, CKOJibKO qero Mbl MMeeM IIO pa3HbIM CTaTbHM: CKOJibKO o6pa6oTaHO HallIMMM 6bIKaMM M naxoTHMKaMM, CKOJlbKO cpa6oTaHO Ha.n;eJibHMKaMM,
KOTOpbie o6H3aHbl rraxaTh, qTo rro.rryqetto rropOCHTaMM, qTo c u;eH30B*' CKOJibKO
rrpMMMpMTeJibHblX M mTpact>HbIX ,l(etter**' CKOJibKO 3a 3BepH, JIOBJieHHOro 6e3
pa3pemeHMH ttamero B Jiecax Hamttx, CKOJihKO 3a pa3Hhie rrpecTyrrJieHMH,
CKOJibKO c MeJibHMIJ;, c JieCOB, c rreKapeH M IIMBOBapeH, c MOCTOB M rrepeB030B,
CKOJibKO co CB060,l(HbIX JIIO.ll,eM M 06II1MH, KOTOpbie THHYT K HameMy ct>McKy'
CKOJibKO c TOp)KMIII, CKOJibKO c BMHOrpa,ll,HMKOB M c Tex, KTO IIJiaTMT BMHOM,
CKOJibKO Cetta, npoB, JiyqMHbl, CKOJibKO oce:H M .n:pyrMX M3,l(eJIMM, ... CKOJibKO
OBOllleH, CKOJibKO rrmeHa M rrpoca, CKOJibKO mepCTM, JlbHa M KOHOIIJIM, CKOJibKO
ct>PYKTOB, Kpyrrttoro M MeJIKOro opexa, CKOJibKO c rrpMBHTblX pa3HblX nepeBbeB, CKOJibKO c oropO,ll,OB, pelIHbIX rpHL(, CKOJibKO c ca,l(KOB, CKOJibKO KO)K,
mKyp, poroB, CKOJlbKO Me.n.y M BOCKy, CKOJib pa3HbIX MaCeJI ... M MbIJia, CKOJibKO TYTOBOro IIMTbH, HaJIMBOK, Mena M yKcyca, IIMBa, BMHa MOJIO.n;oro M CTaporo,
CKOJibKO XJie6a HOBOro M rrpe)KHMX ypo)KaeB, CKOJibKO Kyp, HMIJ;, ryce:H; CKOJibKO rroJiyqeHo c pb16aKoB, KY3tteu;oB, 6oqapoB, mopHMKOB, co II1errttoro .n.eJia,
c cyH.n:yqttMKOB, c pe3qMKOB, c ce.n:eJihlllMKOB, CKOJihKO c py.n:mrnaBMJieH M

* IlJiaTa 3a rroJib30Battne 3eMJieiI,
** Ha ~,a:ettbrm> TOJibKO cqnTaJIM,

rrpn KapJie B. MCKJIIOqnTeJibHO ttaTypoiI.
nJiaTMJIM )Ke 06b1qtto ttaTypoi1:.

285
,AHHKOB, KaK )KeJie3HbIX, TaK H CBHHUOBbIX, CKOJibKO c rro.n;aTHbIX mo.n:e:ii,
OJibKO KOHhKOB H K06bIJIOK.

§ 63.

BceM BhIIIIecKasaHHhIM rrycTb He nJTOT5ITC5I yrrpamITeJIH HaIIIH, pas

3TOro Tpe6yeM; H6o Mbl )KeJiaeM, "llT06hI JI OHM paBHbIM o6pa30M OT CBOHX
o,n:py"'IHbIX Tpe6oBaJIH 6espOIIOTHOfO BbIIIOJIHeHH5I, .n:a6bI Bee, "'ITO mo6oMy
OBeKy rro.n:o6aeT HMeTb B .n:oMe CBOeM HJIII IIOMeCTbe, yrrpaBHTeJrn HaIIIH
3aHhI 6bIJIH HMeTh B IIOMeCTb5IX HaIIIIIX.
§ 64. 1IT06b1 IIOB03KII HaIIIII, ~6aCTepHbl~, KOTOpbie H,n:yT B rroxo.n:, c.n:ellaHhI 6bIJIII xopoIIIO, II "lJT06hI Bepx IIX 6bIJI xopoIIIO 3aKpbIT KO)KaMII, TaK
CIJIHTbIMH, "lJT06b1, B CJiy-qae Heo6xo,n:HMOCTH rrepe:iiTH peKy B6po.n:, MO)KHO 6hIJIO
eperrpaBJI5ITbC.H co BCeIO KJia,n:bIO, II BO,n:a HIIKOHM o6pasoM He CMOfJia 6hI
bpoHIIKHYTb BOBHyTpb, II rocy.n:apeBO .a:o6po rreperrpaBIIJIOCb 6bI, KaK CKasa-

'JIO, B coxpaHHOCTII. /KeJiaeM TaK)Ke, "l.lT06bl B Ka)K,n:yIO IIOB03KY Ha IIOTpe6y
JlaM IIOJIO)KeHa 6bIJia MyKa, a HMeHHO 12 Mep; a Ha KOTOpbIX BesyT BHHO, "l.[TOlSbI 6bIJIO ero

~T,

.

MO,n:HeB HaIIIeii MephI; II rrpII Ka)K,n:O:ii IIOB03Ke rrycTb 6y.a:eT

KOIIbe, KOJI"lJaH II JIYK.

§ 69. 0

~H.71,

12

BOJIKax rryCTb coo6iuaIOT HaM BO BC5IKOe BpeM5I, CKOJibKO KTO CJIO-

a caMbie IIIKYPhI rrycTb rrpe,n:b5IBJI5IIOT HaM; a B Mae Mecaue rrycTb BhICJIC-

·FBaIOT BOJI"l.laT II IICTpe6JI.HIOT HX rropOIIIKOM, KarrKaHaMII, .HMaMH II co6aKaMH.

t'. §

70.

/KeJiaeM, "l.lT06bI B ca.n:ax IIMeJIHCb BC5IKIIe pacTeHH5I: JIIIJIMII, p03hI,

'10HHHK, KOCTIIHHHII, IIIaJicpe:ii, pyTa, 60)Kbe .n:epeBO, orypUbI, .ll:hlHH, TbIKBbl,
fl>acOJib, TMMH, posMapIIH, .ll:MKMH TMIIH ... [rrepe1IHCJieHo Bcero

73

pacTeHH5I].

~3 .n:epeBbeB rrycTb HMeIOTC5I 5I6JIOHH pa3Hb1X po,n:oB, rpyIIIH pa3HblX po,n:oB,
CJIHBOBbie .n:epeBb5I pa3HbIX po,n:oB, p5I6IIHa, KM3HJib, KaIIITaHhl, rrepCHKM pas-

f HhIX po,n:oB, a:iiBa, ... MIIH.n;aJibHhie .n:epeBb5I, TYTOBbie, JiaBpbI, IIMHIIH, cpIIrOBOe
f ,nepeBo, opeIIIHMKH, BIIIIIH5I pastthIX po,n:oB. IIepe"l.leHh H,n:OBIIThIX paCTeHM:ii ....

I'

11

N2 9. 011HCH ~epKOBHhlX H rocy,ll;apeuhlX
HMCHHH (OK. 810 r.)
Ha OCTpoBe, Ha3hIBaeMOM ll1TacpcpeJib3ee*' Haxo,n:HTC51 uepKOBb BO HM51 CB.

MIIxaHJia [.n:anee cJie,n:yeT rro.n:po6tteiiIIIHii MHBettTaph .n;attttoii uepKBM].
.

i

TaM )Ke Haxo,n:IITC51 rocrro.n;cKHH .n:oM II .ll:BOp, KOTOpbIH BMeCTe c .n:pyrIIMH
JIOCTpoiiKaMII nrneT K BhmieyKasatttto:H uepKBH.

• Jie)KHT: rraXOTHOH seMJIH
r 6paTh

610

740

K 3TOMY

)Ke .n;Bopy rrpHtta.n:-

MopreHOB**, a JiyroB CTOJibKO, "l.[TO MO)KHO co-

B030B Cetta. XJie6a Mbl COBCeM He HaIIIJIM, KpoMe TpH.z:i:UaTII B030B,

KOTOpble Mbl .ll:aJIII JIIOMM, HaXOMIUIIMC5I Ha MeC5I1IHHe, II OHII o6ecrre"l.leHbl .no

,AH5I CB. HoaHHa, a "l.lIICJio IIX

72.

CoJio,n:a

12

MO,n:IIeB. JloIIIa.n;e:ii o6be3)KeHHhIX

• Ha o3epe Toro :>Ke Ha3Bamu1, K rory OT Ayrc6ypra.
KOJiff'lecrno 3eMJIH, o6pa6aTbmaeMoe B ,netth rrapoil: BOJIOB.

** Moprett -

286
1. BOJIOB 26. KopoB 20. DbIKOB 1. 0KoTa, He Borne.nrnoro ellle B rropy, 61 roJIOBa. TemIT 5. 0Beu: 87. 5.IrmIT 14. Ko3JIOB 17. K03 58. K03mIT 12. CmmeH:
40. IlopocHT 50. fyceii 63. Kyp 50. fiqemrnhIX yJibeB 17. 0KopOKOB c caJioM
H rrocTHbIX - Bcero 20. CaJia 27 KYCKOB. Ka6aHoB 6HTbIX H BHJieHbIX 1. Cb1poB 40. Me.na IIOJICHKJIH*. MacJia (butirum) 2 CHKJIH. CoJIH 5 Mo,nHeB**.
IlyxoBHKOB 11 no,nyrneK 5. fpeJioK MeAHbIX 3; :>KeJie3HbIX 6. KpIOKOB [AJIH
no,nBern1rnaHHH KOTJIOB] 5. CBeTeu: :>KeJie3HbIH 1. Ka,noK c :>KeJie3HbIMM o6pyqaMM 17. Koc 10. CepnoB 17. CTpyroB 7. TonopoB 7. Ko3JIMHbIX IIIKYP 10.
0BqMH 26. HeBOA AJIH pb16tto:R JIOBJIH 1. EcTb TaM ,neBw:Ib5l, (genitium), B Heil
:>KeHlllMH 24. IlJiaTKOB rnepcTHHbIX 5. JlbHHHbIX nopnrnoK 4. Py6ax 5. MeJibHMU: TaM o,nHa M ,naeT OHa [.noxo.ny] B ro.n 12 MO,nMeB.
K aToMy :>Ke ABopy T51HYT 22 cBo6o,nHbIX (ingenuiles) MaHca, Bee 3aH51TbI ( vestiti). I13 HMX 6 e:>Kero,ntto ,na10T no 14 Mo,nMeB xJie6a, no 4 nopoceHKa, ,noMOTKattoro XOJICTa 1 caii:ry***, KYP napy, 51MU: ,nec51TOK, JibH51HOro ceMenM ceKcTapnii:, qeqeBMU:bI ceKcTap11H:; pa60Ta10T e:>Kero.nno [Ha 6aplllMHe]
no n51Tb tte,neJib, narnyT no 3 10repa, KOC.HT M CB0351T rocno,ncKoro cena no
OAHOMy B03y; CTaB51T nOABOAY. L{pyr11e 6 MaHCOB narnyT' 3aCeBaIOT' y6npaIOT
no 2 10repa; KOC51T Ha rocno,ncKoM Jiyry no 3 Bo3a II CB0351T IIx; 6aplllHHbI
0T6bma10T 2 ne.nem:1; ,naIOT c ABYX MancoB o,nnoro BOJia A.7151 noxo,na, ecJIH
caMII B rroxo.n ne n,nyT; c KOH51MM n,nyT, Ky,na rrp1:1Ka:>KyT. Ellie 6 MancoB
,naIOT no ;n:Ba BOJia B ro,n, c KOHHMM MAyT, Ky,na npHKa:>KyT. Ellie 4 Manca
narnyT, 3aceBaIOT 1:1 y6npa10T no 9 10repoB B ro,n; KOC51T Ha rocno,ncKoM Jiyry
no 3 B03a If CB03HT nx; 6aplllIIHbl OT6bIBaIOT 6 ne,neJib; no,nBOL\bl ,naIOT A.7151
nepeB03KII mrna; ynaBa:>KHBaIOT rocIIOACKOM 3eMJIII no o,nHoMy 10repy; .npoB
,na10T rro 10 B030B. A ellle o,nnn Matte narneT, 3aceBaeT 1:1 y6npaeT 9 10repoB;
KOCI:IT na rocrro,ncKOM Jiyry 3 B03a If CB03I:IT rrx; ,naeT no,nBOAY If no,nCTaBy;
pa6oTaeT Ha 6aplllMHe 5 ne,neJib.
HecBo6o,nHbIX (serviles) :>Ke MaHCOB, 3aH51TbIX ( vestiti) - 19: Ka:>K,nbIH H3
HMX .naeT e:>Kero.nno no nopocenKy, no 5 Kyp, no ,neCHTKY .s:rnu:, KopMHT qeTbIpex rocno,ncKMX nopoc51T, o6pa6aTbmaeT rroJirroJrn; 6aplllMHbI B ne,neJIIO TPH
AH51; .naeT no,nBo,ny If IIOACTaBy. )KeHa :>Ke .nep:>KaTe.7151 MaHca ,naeT py6axy If
rnepCT51HOH IIJiaTOK, BapMT COJIOA If rreqeT XJie6.
EcTb B Ll,aHHOM errIICKOIICTBe ellle 7 fOCIIOACKHX ABOpOB, KOTOpble He BOIIIJIH B 3TY OIIHCb, a JIHIIlb ,naHbl B 06ll1eM HTOre. A MMeHHO: MMeeT Ayrc6yprCKOe errMCKOIICTBO CB060,nHbIX MaHCOB - 3aHHTbIX 1006, rrycTyIOlllHX 35; HeCB06o,nHbIX :>Ke - 3aH51TblX 421, rrycryIOlllMX 45; a BCero CB06o,nHblX M HeCB060,nHbIX, - 3aH51TblX 1427, nycTyIOID:MX :>Ke 80.
Konen:.
* CttKJib paBeH 30 JIHTpaM.
** l\1o~HM paBeH 60 JIHTpaM.
*** l\1epa; TaK1Ke H MOHeTa.

287
Haxo.n,11TC5I B rocy.n,apeBoM IIMeHIIII facHarre* KopoJieBCKIIii .n,Bopeu, II3HO ITOCTpOeHHbIH II3 KaMH51. XopoM Tpoe; KpyroM Bcero .ll,OMa raJiepe5I;
pHHU

11;

B.HHHbIX,

BHII3Y rrorpe6

17,

1;

BXO.UOB .UBa. )lpyrn:x CTpoem1.ii Ha ll.BOpe, ,a.e-

CTOJibKO )Ke ropHHU, xoporno CHa6)1(eHHbIX BCeM Heo6xo.uII-

1,

M. KoHIOlIIH51

KYXH51

1,

rreKapH51

1,

aM6apoB

2,

capaeB

3.

Yca.nb6a xo-

rno 3aIIJ,HIUeHa TbIHOM, BOpoTa KaMeHHbie, a tta.u HIIMII BbllIIKa. MaJlblH
op TaK)l(e oropo)l(eH TbIHOM, xoporno ycTpoeH II 3aca)l(eH pa3JIIIqHoro po.l(a
epeBb51MII.
'

M51rKoii pyxJI51.UII: rrocTeJib

1,

cKaTepTb Ha CTOJI

2,

Bc51KO.ii KY3HII: Ta3oB Me.ll,HbIX

1, TIHBHOH KOTeJI 1,
epJI

2'

KOJIYH

1,

1ronaT )l(eJie3HbIX

CKOBopo.n.a
HO)I(

1,

1,

Ky6KoB

TaraH

450 ~rreH30B~

·r,opoxy

1,

MaJiblH

2,

TOI10pOB

1,

KOC

2,

CTpyr

ceprroB

90

1,
2,

KOp06beB, II3 KOTOpbIX MO)l(HO rro-

Heorrpe.n,eJieHHa51 Mepa Beca MyK11; 51qMeH5I

110

OCTaJibHOe OKa3aJIOCb HaJIIIUO; rrrneHIIUbI
HaJIIIUO; p)l(II

1100, OCTaJibHOe
12 MO,llIIeB.

*OCe51HO

.

1,

)l(eJie3HbIX

CKOJibKO HY)l(HO B .ll,OMe.

Ro,uneB. B HbIHernHeM ro.uy rroJI6bl 6bIJIO
OCTaJibHOe -

1.
2,

pyqHIIK

2.

3arracoB: ITOJI6bI rrpornJioro,a.Heii

60'

1,

KOTJIOB Me.UHbIX

KaH.n,em16p

60JiblIIIIX CK06eJib

)lepeB51HHOH CHaCTII -

~Y~IITb

1,

2,

100

Kopo6beB: Ha rroceB rrornJio

100

MO,llIIeB: rroce51HO

98

MO,ll,IIeB, BbICe51JIII BCIO; 511:1MeH51

-

HaJIIIUO; OBCa

430

60'

1800 MO,llIIeB:
1 MO,a.II.ii;

MO,ll,IIeB; 6o6oB

c 5 MeJibHIIU ITOJiy1:1eHO 800 MaJibIX MO,llHeB; ,llaHO JIIO,ll51M,

HaXO.ll,51IIJ,IIM-

240 MO,a.IIeB, OCTaJibHOe - HaJIIIUO. c 4 IlIIBOBapeH II rreKa650 MaJibIX MO,llHeB. c 2 MOCTOB - 60 MO.UIIeB COJIII II 2 COJIII,lla. c 4
ca,n;oB 11 coJIII.llOB, Me.l(y - 3 MO.llII51.
•
OT o6poKa ITOJiyqeHo: MaCJia (butyrum) 1 MO,ll,II.ii; OKOpOKOB rrpOlIIJIOro,ll. HHX c CaJIOM 10; CBe)l(IIX OKOpOKOB, ITOCTHbIX II c CaJIOM, 200; Cbipy HbIHelIIHero ro.n:a 43 ~rreH3a~.
CKoTa: MaTOK 51 roJioBa, TpexJJeTOK 5, .llByxJieTOK 7, HbrnernHero ro,a.a 7;
J<OHbKOB .l(BYXJieTOK 10, fO,llOBaJibIX 8, )l(epe6uoB 3; BOJIOB 16, OCJIOB 2,
KopoB c TeJI5ITaM11 SO, TeJioK 22, ro.l(OBaJibIX TeJI51T 38, 6bIKOB 3; CBHHeii 260,
nopoc51T 100, Xp51KOB 5; OBeu c 51I'H51TaMH 150, 51I'H51T fO,Zl,OBaJibIX 200, 6apaHOB 120; K03 C K03JI51TaMH 30, K03JI51T fO,l(OBaJibIX 30, K03JIOB 3, yTOK 30, Kyp
CH Ha MeC.H1:1IIHe,

1peH

I

'80,

-

rraBJIHHOB

22 .

.. . Mepa MO,llIIeB H ceKCTapIIeB OKa3aJiaCb TaKOIO )Ke, KaK II BO ,llBopue**.
Ho He HalIIJIII MbI TaM Ha cJiy)l(6e KysHeuoB 30JIOTOro, cepe6p51Horo II )l(eJie3Horo ,lleJia, He HalIIJIII JIOB1:1IIX, He HaIIIJIII .upyrIIX MaCTepoB***.

* Bepo51THO, TerrepeIIIHHH Genner Ha
** Cp. Capitulare de villis § 9.
*** Cp. Capitulare de villis, § 45.

Maace 6JIH3 Kn.eBe.

A

II3 Ca,ll,OBblX

288
paCTeHJiii: MbI Hanvrn JIIIJIIIIO, KOCT, M.~uy, rreTpyIIIKy, PYTY [II T .
.n.epeBbeB -

.n.. *].

A

JI:3

rpyIIIII, .si6JIOHH, MyIIIMaJia, rrepCIIKJI, opexII rrpOCTbie JI KOpOJieB-

CKHe, TYTOBOe .n.epeBO, aii:Ba.

NQ 10. BhlroBop ynpaBJIJiroru;eMY aa Hepa,z:t;eHHe (ox. 830 r.)
Bo IIMH 0TI:(a H Cbrna. 3ii:Hrap.n. cBoeMy yrrpaBJIHIOil:(eMy.
BecbMa y.n.IIBJIHeMc.si, rroqeMy rro.71yqJIJiaCb TaKa.si sa.n.ep)l<Ka Bo BCeM, qTo
Mbl rropyqJIJIH Te6e C,ll.eJiaTb. I16o HaM CTaJIO Be,ll.OMO, qTo XJie6a, KOTOpbIM TbI
,ll.OJI)KeH 6bIJI IIOCJiaTb B MIOJibreii:M ,ll.JIH IIOMOJia JI ,ll.JIH Bbipa6oTKJI COJIO,ll.a, Tbl
He IIOCJiaJI BOBce; JI rrpIICJiaJI Bcero TOJibKO TplI,ll.I:(aTb CBJIHeii:, .n.a II TeX HeBa)KHbIX, rrocpe,ll.CTBeHHbIX, .n.a eme TpH Mepbl OBOil:(eii:, TOJibKO JI BCero. MaJio
Toro, sa BCIO :ny 3JIMY Mbl He BJI,ll.eJIJI HJI Te6.si, HJI TBOero IIOCJiaHHOro, KTO 6bI
,n:OJIO)KJIJI, qTo .n.eJiaeTc.si B BaIIInx Kpa.six. KoJIJI MbI He Mo)KeM rroJiyqaTb c
<DpHI:(Jiapa 6oJibIIIero rrpII6bITKa, TO He 3HaeM, K qeMy HaM .n.ep)KaTb 3TOT 6eHecpIII:(JIM. TaK BOT' eCJIJI Tbl CKOJibKO-HH6y,ll.b .n.opO)KJIIIIb HaIIIeii: MJIJIOCTbIO'
JI3BOJib JICIIpaBIITb CBOe He6pe)KeHJie JI BCKOpe IIOCTaBb Hae B JI3BeCTHOCTb,
qero HaM )K,n:aTb OT Te6.si.

NQ 11. CTOJIOBlde µ;oxoro>i repMaHCJ(Oro KopomI (1064-lo65 rr.)
BoT CTaTbJI, KOTOpbIM OTHOCHTCH K CTOJIY PJIMCKOro Kopo.71.H B CaKCOHJIM

20

[ saTeM rrepeqJICJIHIOTCH

40

c i:i:pyroii:

JI T.

Jl:.;

CTaTeii:, rrpJiqeM yKa3aHo, qTO c o,n:HOM II,ll.eT

JI B OJJ:HOM c.71yqae COJieBapHH]. Bcero c 3THX CTaTeH

CTOJibKO cJiy)K6, CKOJibKO ,ll.Heii: B ro.n.y, .n.a eme
t.ITO TaKoe KopoJieBCKaH cJiy)K6a B CaKCOHJIII:
CHT,

50

Kyp,

50

RMI:(,

5 CJIY)K6,

90

CblpOB,

10

ryceii:,

5

40.

Mbl TaK)Ke yKa3bIBaeM BaM,

30

CBJIHeii:,

B030B IlJIBa,

3

KOPOBbI,

5 ¢.

5

rrepuy,

rropo-

10

cp.

BOCKY, a BIIHO co6CTBeHHoe B CaKCOHHJI. [ 3aTeM rrepet.IHCJIHIOTCH CTaTbJI BO
<DpaHKOHJIII no Peii:Hy:
t.IeTblpbMH,

7

3c

ceMbIO II

MOJIOqHblX rropoCHT,

CblpOB,

10 ¢.

BOCKy,

4

2

c o.n.Hoii: cJiy)K6oii:,

7

c .ll.BYMH,

4

c TpeM.si, o.n.Ha c

4 c BOCeMbIO CJIY)K6aMII]. ~a.H CJIY)K6a: 40 CBIIHeii,
50 Kyp, 5 KOpOB, 500 HJII:(, 10 ryceii:, 5 ¢. rrepl:(y, 90
60JibllIJIX B03a BJIHa. I1 BOT CTaTblI B EaBapHII ... rrpH-

t.IeM BeJIJit.IJIHa CJiy)K6bI Ta )Ke, t.ITO BO <DpaHKOHJIJI.

A

BOT cTaTbJI J1oM6ap.n.cKJie [ cJiy)K6b1 B 6oJibIIIJIHCTBe cJiyqaeB rrepeBe,n:e-

HbI Ha .n.eHbflI].
TaKOBbl J1oM6ap,ll.CKJie CTaTbJI. L{aIOT OHM CTOJibKO, CKOJibKO HJIKTO He
MO)KeT HJI paccKasaTb, HJI rro,n:Ct.IJITaTb, IIOKa Mbl He HBJIMCH B J1oM6ap,ll.HIO.

* Bcero

~atto

20 tta3BattnH:. Cp. Capitulare de villis, § 70.

289
N2 12. ~peHHe HMrrepaTopa KoHpa,n;a n;epKBH (1035 r.)
Bo IIMH CmiToiI II Hepa3,a:eJibHOH TpoIIU:bI, KoHpa,a:, Bm1rneiI MIIJIOCTbIO
PuMCKIIH IIMnepaTop, CB.suueHHbIH. )la 6y,a:eT If3BeCTHO BCeM BepHbIM XpIICTY
HaM, HbIHe )l(IIBYIUIIM, II 6y,a:ymIIM, KaK .H, KoHpa,a:, BMeCTe c cyrrpyroiI Haeii IIMnepaTpIIueii fII3eJioiI AJI.H crraceHII.H ,a:ynm HarneiI rrepe,a:aeM B co6cTHHOCTb xpaMy ceMy' HaMII BO CJiaBy If XBaJIY DQ)KIIIO coopy)KeHHOMY, If3
90'fllIIH HarnIIx

[8

,a:epeBeHb B HII)l(HeM Ilcl>aJihU:e 6JIII3 BopMca] co BceMII cTa-

Tl»IMII, KaK-TO: pa6aMII, yca,a:e6HbIMlI MecTaMlI, CTpOeHH.HMII, 3eMJI.HMII, B03,a:eHHbIMII H HeB03,ll;eJiaHHbIMH, rraIIIH.HMH, JiyraMII, BblfOHaMII, BO,ll;aMII, peKa-

MH, MeJibHIIU:aMII, pbI6HbIMII JIOBJI.HMH, IIOJI.HMlI, JieCaMII, OXOTaMlI, rpatt11uaMH H Me)l(aMII, ,a:oporaMH If TporraMII, c TeM, 'ITO eCTb If Bnpe,a:b HaiI,a:eTC.H, co
BCeMII IIOJlb3aMlI, KaKIIe TOJibKO 3aIIIICaTb 111160 Ha3BaTb MO)KHO, -

c TeM,

'l'l'06bI a66aT 3TOfO MeCTa c TOH )Ke BJiaCTblO If IIOJ1b30H, KaK H Mbl, BIIpe.n;b
8THM CB06o.n;HO BJia,a:eJI H BCe, 'ITO OTTy.n;a IIOJIY'IlIT, o6pamaJI 6bI Ha IIOTpe6y
UepKBII lI 6paTIIlI.

J1

'IT06bI .n;ap Halli OCTaBaJIC.H B IIOCTO.HHHOH lI HepyrnIIMOH

CHJie, Mbl rrpIIKa3aJIII COCTaBIITb 3TY xapTlIIO, co6cTBeHHOPY'IHO IIO.lJ:TBep,a:IIB

ee

npHJIO)l(eHIIeM Harneil: ne'IaTII. Ho, 'IT06bI KTO-HH6y,a:b H3 noc11e,a:yIOIUHX

~66aTOB He Tpe6oBaJI OT ~no,a:,a:aHHbIX» (familia ecclesiae) 6oJihllle, 'IeM c11e'p.yeT, HII ~IIOMaHHbie~, 3a6bIB 3a .n:aBHOCTblO JieT CBOIO o6.H3aHHOCTb, BOCCTaf BaH npOTHB a66aTa, He npeHe6perJIII 6bI lICnOJIHeHlieM nOBIIHHOCTeiI, CJie,a:y-

!!

' eMhIX u:epKBH, MbI pelllHJIII onpe,a:eJIHTb, 'ITO Mo)l(eT Tpe6oBaTb, ec1111 HY)l(HO,
a66aT H 'ITO o6.H3aHbl HCIIOJIH.HTb

~no.n;.n;aHHbie~.

Ka)l(.lJ:bIH My)KqHHa e)Kero.n;-

HO IIJlaTIIT no co11rr,a:y, a )KeHIUHHa no 6 ,a:eHap11eB, lIJilI )Ke KaK MY)l('IHHa, TaK

l JI

)l(eHIUHHa pa6oTaIOT

I

1 ,a:eHb

B He,a:e11IO Ha 6apmIIHe. A66aT IIMeeT BJiaCTb

~ '.l'aK)Ke Ha,a: lIX eme He BCTynlIBIIIHMH B 6paK ,a:eTbMH: KOfO XO'IeT, IIOIIIJieT Ha
f<YXHIO, KOfO 3aXO'IeT XOl!eT -

Ha neKapHIO, KOfO 3aXO'IeT -

cTepel!h rn6yHhI, Boo6me Koro yro.n;Ho -

Ha nopTOMOHHIO, Koro

Ha 11I06yIO cJiy)K6y. A 113

')l(eHaTbIX, KOfO yro,a:HO H BO BC.HKOe BpeM.H, a66aT Ha3Ha"L£aeT B 3KOHOMbI, B
l(JIIO"lJHHKH, B TaMo)KeHHHKH Ii B JieCHlIKH. EcJIH )Ke KOfO II3 BbIIlleynoM.HHyTbIX a66aT no)KeJiaeT HMeTb B Jlll'IHOM ycJiy)KeHlIH, c,a:eJiaB ero CBOHM CTOJib: HHKOM, lIJIH 'IaIIIHIIKOM, IIJIII BOIIHOM H ,a:acT eMy KaKOM-HII6y,a:b 6eHect>m1,IIH,

t 1<> IIOKa
f )l(e HeT,

I,

OH 6y.ll,eT HCilpaBHO CJIJ)KlITb a66azy, 6ette¢m.{IIH 6y.L1,eT 3a HIIM, ecJIII
TO nycTb BepHeT B npe)l(Hee COCTO.HHIIe. IIocJie CMepTlI My)l(a JIY'IIlla.H

f r<>JIOBa ero CKOTa OTOH,a:eT K a66aTy, ITOCJie CMepTII )KeHbl -

JIY"llilla.H 0,7J;e)K-

4> .

~ ,lla. EcJIII cepB y6heT cepBa, nycTh yrnraTIIT 3a Hero 7 2
.n;a eme 06011. Ec11H
[ )J(eHIUIIHa BbIHAeT 3aMy)I( BHe IIOMeCTb.H, TO yrrJiaTlIT CBOM ueH3, T.e. 6 ,a:eHa1
/

' pHeB. TaKoB ycrnB [ 4 ,a:epeBeHh]. TOT )Ke ycrnB IIMeIOT rn11ct>epII1TaAU:hI, TOJibKO
HHlJero He IIJiaT.HT B cJiy-qae CMepTII.

y

3IOJibU6axueB TaKOH )Ke ycTaB, KpoMe

TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIX JllITOB: eCJIII JllITbI IIMeIOT 6eHect>IIUIIM, TO AOJI)l(Hbl B JII06oii
,lleHb OTrrpaBIITbC.H BepxoM, Ky.n;a 6bI HII npMKa3aJI a66aT. KTO )Ke He IIMeeT

290
6eHecpm.1:iur, ,n:omKeH rrepeB03MTb BMHO M xJie6 a66arn OT 3yH,n:eJIMHreHa * ,n:o
BopMca M IlaBJIMHbMX BopoT. fpeTeHU.hI JKe ... , eJKe,n:HeBHO oT6hrnCIB 6apurMHy, HM rrpM JKM3HM, HM rrpM CMepTM He IIJianIT HMKaKOM IIOBMHHOCTM. y Bcex
JKe BbillleyrroM51HYTbIX IIOJIOJKeirne: eCJIM OHM 3aKJilO"l!MJIM 6paK c "LIYIKMMM
«IIOMaHHbIMM~, TO eCJIM a66aTy yro,n:HO, OH MOJKeT rrpOI13BeCTM o6p51,n: pa3BO,n:a. EcJIM JKe rrpOIKMBYT BMeCTe, TO IIOCJie CMepTM MyJKa 2/3 ero MMyurecTBa
OTOll.ll:YT a66aTy' a TpeTblO "LiaCTb IIOJIY"LIMT JKeHa M ,n:eTM ...

NQ 13. O'NeT 06 ynpaBJieHHH
HMnepaTopcKHM HMeHHeM (1242-V-2)
KoHpa,n:, CbIH CB51ureHHoro HMrrepaTopa <l>pM,n:pHxa ... HacT05IurMM rrocTaHOBJieHMeM o6n51BJI51eM BCeM, "l!TO BepHbIM Halli f epap,n: cpoH CMHll;Mf B rrpMCYTCTBMM HalllMX "CJMHOBHMKOB ,n:aJI ro,n:M"l!HbIM OT"l!eT B yrrpaBJieHMM IIMeHMeM.
)loxo,n:: ,n:eHbraMM IIOJIY"LIMJI 3TOT fepap.n: M3 ,n:oxo,n:OB 29 MapOK 6e3 "LieTBepTH. Eure c eBpeeB noJiy"LIMJI 5 MapoK. Eure c JKeHhI cporrn 15 MapoK. Eure c
rrpeKapMM 50 MapoK. Eure c eBpeeB 15 MapoK. Eure co6paHo Ha 6opb6y c ocJIYlllHJIKaMJI rocy,n:apeBbIMM 105 MapoK. Eure xJie6oM M rrllleHMUeli 38 1/ 2 MaJibTepoB**, OBCOM 30 1/2, - JKe rrpo,n:aJI 3a 9 MapoK 6e3 "LieTBepTM. Eure IlOJIY"LIMJI
BMHOM 16 B030B, KOTOpbie OTOCJiaJI Epa6aHTCKOMY repu.ory. lfroro rroJiy"LieHO
227 1/ 2 MapoK.
Pacxo,n:: 3Ha"LIMTC51 B ero pacrrMcKe, "LITO MbI ,n:oJIJKHbI 3TOMy fepap,n:y no ero
IIOCJie,n:HeMy C"CJeTy 28 MapoK H 8 COJIM,n:OB KeJibHCKOro "LieKaHa. Eure ,n:OJIJKHbl
eMy 3a ero BOeHHYID cJiyJK6y, KOTopyID OH HeceT, 20 MapoK. Ellie ,n:aJI HoaHHY )lo6poMy B Ka"CJecrne 3aMKoBoro JieHa*** 8 MapoK. Eure 36eprap,n:y de
Merdorp B Ka"CJecrne 3aMKOBoro JieHa 6 MapoK. Eure 3a KOCb6y 18 MapoK. Eure
B c"LieT HalllMX pacxo,n:oB CMHIJ;Mry 62 MapKM 26 ,n:enapMeB. Eure Ha pacxo,n:h1
pb111ape:H, M,n:yurMx 3a HaMM B rroxo,n:, 32 MapKM 6e3 "LiernepTM. Eure BhI.ll:aJI Ha
JKaTBy l1 c6op IIJIO,n:OB 6 MapoK 4 COJIJI,n:a. Eure .ll:Jl51 Hallleii CJiyJK6bI TpeM pbIu.ap51M Ha 6oeBoro KOH51 60 MapoK. Ellie ,n:ByM opyJKeHocl.(aM 3a JIOllla,n:eM:,
KOTOpbIX OHM IIOTep51JIM B 6MTBe Ha HallleH cJiyJK6e, 16 MapoK. Eure 3a 3 JIOllla,n:M, rrorM6lllMe rrpM coJKJKeHMM rroMeCTb51 A., 15 MapoK. Ellie 6 CTpeJIKaM M3
6aJIJIMCT, 3a,n:ep1KaHHbIM Ha 3 Mec51I.(a, 18 MapoK. Eure Ha HalllH pacxo,n:bI B
TpMpe 8 TpMpcKMx JIMBpOB. Eure Ha ero pacxo,n: B AxeHe 3 MapKM. Eure Ha
ero pacxo.n: B KeJihHe 3 MapKM. Eure Ha ero pacxo,n: B MaiIHI.(e 4 MapKM. HToro
M3pacxo,n:oBaHo 306 MapoK.

* Ha Manne OKOJIO rexcTa.
** MaJibTep - OKOJIO 1/ 4 'leTBepttKa.
*** CBo6o,n:HbIH raptttt30H B03ttarpa)l{,n:aJicH

3a cJiy)K6y 3eMJieiI MJIM pettrnii:.

291
Cocq11TaB 3aTeM Bce BMecTe 11 OTti:eJibHO, Mbl 06.~13yeMC.SI y1rnaTHTb BblIIIeHaaBaHHoMy fepapti:y 78 1/2 MapoK, ll OH 6yti:eT 3aHHMaTb L{OJI)KHOCTb 1(0 6JIH>Ka:Hmero rrpa31(Hima CB. MaprapHTbI. f0Bop11T TaK>Ke fepap11:, qTo B TeqeHHe 16 Hel(eJib COl(ep)KaJI OH 50 Boopy)KeHHblX co CTOJibKllMll )Ke JIOIIIal(bMll
Ha HaIIIeii: cJiy)K6e, 3a KOTOpblX OH He rroeyq11JI HHKaKoro B03MeIIJ.eHirn . .l{oM
ero, C11H11,11ra, cropeJI, BHHO 11 XJie6 pacToqeHbl, 11 BJial(eHH.SI IIOl(O)K)KeHbI.
KaK11x 11MeJI rrJieHHblX, oTrrycTHJI, ocB06011:11B 11x rro ttarneMy BeJieHmo, a c
HHX, KaK rOBOpHT, Mor HMeTb 400 MapoK. 3a qTO ll )KtJ:eT Mll'JIOCTll
HMrrepaTopcKOH ll HaIIIeii.

IV. <PEO,IWII13M
NQ 14. Ha nHceM 3:H:Hrap,zi;a
IIHChMO 815 (?) ro,zi;a
BeJieJierrHoMy, 11:0CToqT11MoMy, 11MeHHT0My MY)KY M., cJiaBHOMy rpa¢y,
oii:Hrap11: IIOCblJiaeT 6JiaroCJIOBeH11e DO)Klle, HaBeKH HepyllIHMOe.
Baccan rocy11:apeB A., 6paT )KeHbl rpa¢a .6., OT.HrqeHHblii 11 crnpocTbIO, 11
6oJie3HbIO Hor, co611panc.SI .SIBHTbC.SI K rocrro11:11Hy HaIIIeMy HMrrepaTopy, HO He
B CHJiax 6bIJI 110 HeMOIIJ.ll CBoeii:. Ilpll rrepsoii: B03MO)KHOCTll OH .SIBHTC.SI Ha
CJiy)K6y. A rroKa OH rrpoc11T paspeIIIeHH.SI y 11:ep)KaTb sa co6010 11:apoBaHHb1ii: eMy
HMrrepaTopoM KapJioM 6eHe¢m.i;11ii: B .6ypryH11:1111, B 06JiacT11 )KeHeBcKoii,
y.Aep)KaTb 1(0 TOro, KaK OH .SIBHTC.SI rrepe11: oq11 rocyti:ap.SI, qrn6bl KOMMeHti:HpoBaTb ce6.SI Bero pyK11. M Ha Moii B3rJI.SIA crrpaBel(JIHBO 11 rroJiestto CL(eJiaTb TaK,
KaK OH rrpocHT, 1160 OH My)K 11:06pb1ii: 11 MYAPblii 11 Ha xopoIIIeM cqeTy y cocetteii:. M Bbl c11:eJiaeTe 11:eJio 11:06poe, ecJIH co6JiaroBOJIHTe rroMoqb eMy.
)KeJiaIO BaM BO focrro11:e 11:06poro s11:paB11H.

IIHChMO 3:H:Hrap,zi;a. 830 r.
(OrrrycK npH,IJ;BopHoro; 6eHe<f>HD;HH LKllBOilHCn;y)

r ...

Bo3JII06JieHHOMy 6paTy HaIIIeMy, CJiaBHOMY rpa¢y
Bcema qyBCTBOBaJI
JI BaIIIe KO MHe 6JiaropacrroJio)KeH11e, Ho B oco6ettHOCTH Terrepb, Kor11:a Bb1
BblXJIOIIOTaJill MHe paspeIIIeHHe IIOHTll IIOCJIY)KllTb CBHTblM MapIJ;eJIJIHHY ll
IleTpy*. 0HH )Ke sa 3TO .SIBHTC.SI sacTyrrHHKaMH BaIIIHMH rrepeti: focrro11:0M** ...
... 06HTeJib 3eJIHreHIIITa)J;T OKOJIO <!>pattK<PYPTa-Ha-Maii:He.
CBoeo6pa3HOe (rroqeTttoe) rrpHKpern1eHHe BH;:J;HbIX H HJiKHbIX JIIO;:i:en K KapoJIHHrCKOMy
ABOpy. ApxtterrHcKorr ApHOH, ttarrpttMep, 6oJiee 10 JieT TIIICTHO rrpocHJICJI y KapJia
BeJIHKOro B CBOIO errapxHIO.

*"'

292
A eru.e nporny nae, He eoniae1ueeb JUI Bbl e.n;eJiaTb .n;o6poe .n;eJio - noMOLih
)l(HBOnHeu;y N. ' eMHpeHHOMy MOJieJibllI,HKY BarneMy' I1 3aeTynHTbe.H 3a Hero
nepe.n; HMnepaTopoM, eeJIH npe.n;eTaBHTe.H y.n;o6HbIH eJiyqa:H, .n;a6b1 OH no qbe:HJIH6o 3JI06e He JII1rnl1Jle.H 6eHeqmu;M.H, noJiyqeHHOro 3a .n;o6pyIO eJIY)l(6y eBOlIM
roey.n;ap.HM. MHe HeT HY)l(.ZJ;bl Ha3bIBaTb naM Tex, Koro OH B STOM .n;eJie onaeaeTe.H: OHM I1 MHe, I1 BaM paBHO I13BeeTHbl. Ilporny JIHrnb noMoqb eMY, HaeKOJibKO 6y.n;eT B03MO)l(H0.

IlHCl>MO 3:Hnrap,zi;a KOpOJIIO (JIIO,ll;OBH:Ky
0 6eHe4>HD;HH-IIeHCHH

11)

OeMeJIHBaIOeb npoeHTb MHJIOeTH Barne:H .ZJ;JI.H H~Koero N. , Moero .n;pyra M
po.n;eTBeHHHKa, a narnero nepHoro eJiyrH, qT06b1 Bbl npHH.HJIH ero K ee6e M,
Kor.n;a OH KOMMeH.n;rrpyeTeH B Baum PYKH, yTernlIJilI 6bI ero KaKHM-HH6y.n;b
6eHeqmu;HeM lI3 Tex, KOTOpbie B Harne:H OKpyre OKa)l(yTe.H eno6o.n;HbIMlI I1 He3aH.HTblMI1. A qeJioBeK OH .n;o6poro po.n;a M .n;o6po:H nepbI, K ToMy )Ke ene.n;yru.
B eJiy)l(eHHM no Be51KOMy .n;eJiy' KaKoe eMy nopyqaT ... Be.n;b OH BepHO I1 peBHOeTHO eJiy)l(HJI eru.e .n;e.n;y BarneMy; TaK roTOB OH eJiy)l(HTb I1 BaM, eeJIH foeno.n;b npo.n;JIHT .n;HH ero M .n;apyeT 3.n;panHe. Tenepb )Ke OH T.H)l(KO 6oJieH M noToMy He MO)l(eT npe.n;eTaTb nepe.n; oqH BarnM; HO 51BI1Te51, KaK TOJibKO eMO)l(eT.
IloeeMy yMoJIHIO MlIJIOeTb Barny, 1IT06b1 Bbl, B cJiyqae corJiacM.H, coo6ru.HJII1 MHe, 1ITO 51 Mory o6eru.aTb eMY OT ru.e.n;poT BarnMX, .n;a6b1 OH, o6Ha.n;e)l(eHHbIH,
)l(HJI ee6e, noKa He eMo)l(eT npe.n;CTaTb nepe.n; narnH oqH,

N2 15. KoMMeH,zi;an;IDI. KTo nopyqaeT ce6.JI BJiaCTH ,zi;pyroro
BeJibMO)l(HOMY roeno.n;HHY (rnKoMy-To) H, a HMeHHO (TaKOH-To). IloHe)l(e
BeeM xoporno I13BeeTHO, qTo HeT y MeH.H HHqero, Ha qTo KOpMI1TbeH lI o.n;eBaTbeH, .H npH6er K Barne:H 6JiaroeTH, I1 BblrnJIO MHe perneHHe, qT06bl .H eTaJI no.n;
narne noKpOBHTeJibeTBO, T.e. KOMMeH.n;HponaJie.H; TaK .HM e.n;eJiaJI. A HMeHHO,
qTo6bI Bbl noMOraJIM ll yTernaJIM MeH.H KaK nponHTaHMeM, TaK I1 o.n;e)l(.ZJ;OH, eoo6pa3HO e TeM, HaeKOJibKO .H noeJiy)l(y BaM I1 3aeJiy)l(y; .H )Ke Ha BeIO )l(I13Hb
eBOIO o6.H3YIOeb eJiy)l(HTb Te6e, KaK eJIY)l(aT eno6o.n;Hble, I1 eJie.n;oBaTb 3a rn6o:H.
M M3-no.n; BJiaeTH narne:H I1 noKpOBHTeJibeTBa BO BeIO )l(I13Hb eBOIO He HMeIO
npaBa yttTH, HHaqe He npe6y.n;y .H no.n; BJiaeTbIO M oxpaHoii Barneii BO Bee .n;HII
Moeii )l(ll.3HII. 0TeIO.n;a eJie.n;yeT' qTo eeJIH O.ZJ;HH I13 Hae 3axoqeT I13MeHI1Tb qToHH6y.n;b B 3TOM eorJiarneHHI1, OH nJiaTHT .n;pyroMy* (eTOJibKO-TO) eoJIH.ZJ;OB**.

* B TeKCTe CTOHT: «CBOeMy pOBHe (pari suoh; OHl1 «TI3pbI», TaK KaK o6a «CB060,a:Hbl».
** .l{aJiee 11,a:eT, TIO-Bl1JJ:11MOMy, TI03,a:HeihnaR np116aBKa: «0TCIO,a:a CJie,a:yeT, 'ITO OH11
JJ:OJl)KHbl MeJK,a:y co6oiI COCTaBHTb 06 3TOM M yrnep,a:MTb ,a:Be rpaMOTbl OJJ:HOro co,a:epJKaHMR, 'ITO OHM M c,a:eJiaJIM».

t -,___N_2_1_6___11_o_XC_3.7I_O_B_a_H_H_e_II_O_M_e_~--Ky--IO-p_H_c.n;_H_KD;
__
H_H____

293

I

(888 r., HJO.llh)

1

ApHyJibcp, Em1rn:eii crrocrrernecrny10m:e10 MHJIOCTbIO KopoJib. L{a 6y,n:eT Be,AOMO BCeM HaIIIHM H CB.SITOH u:epKBH BepHbIM, HbIHe )KHBYll.{HM H 6y.n:ym:HM, 1-ITO
HeKHH MHHHCTepHaJI no HMeHH feHMOH xo,n:aTaHCTBOBaJI rrepe.n: CBeTJieHIIIHM
HaIIIHM BeJIWieCTBOM, qT06bI B BOCTOqHbIX 3eMJI.SIX HaIIIHX, B o6JiaCTH
Grunzwiti*, r.n:e rrorpaHHqHbIM rpacpoM oKa3aJIC.SI Ap6oH, MbI .n:apoBaJIH eMy
[feHMOHY] B co6crneHHOCTb rrpaBO cy.n:a Ha ero co6crneHHOCTH**.
Mbl y)Ke OXOTHO corJiaCHJIHCb Ha ero rrpocb6y, rraM.SITY.SI MHOroKpaTHYIO
npe,n:aHHYIO ero CJiy)K6y' M IIOCTaHOBMJIM: 6bITb no ceMy.

11

AaJIM Mbl eMy' c

Jle,llOMa BbIIIIeyKa3aHHOfO rpacpa, CHH rrpaBa Ha ero BO~MHe B BeqHoe BJia,n:eHHe H IIOBeJieJIH ... ' qTo6bI HM BbIIIIeyKa3aHHblH rpacp' HM KaKOH-JIH6o cy,ll,b.SI

HJili HHOe JII11.J;O c cy.n:e6HOM BJiaCTbIO He .n:ep3aJIH, BorrpeKH aBTOpHTeTy cero
Harnero ycTaHOBJieHH.SI, qHHHTb KaKoe-JIH6o rrpHTeCHeHHe HJIH HHOe 6e33aKOHHe B ,n:eJiax co6CTBeHHOro ero cy,n:a, HaKa3bIBM JIIO,n:eii ero, CB06o,n:HbIX MJIH
Hecno6o,n:HbIX. Ho rryCTb OH H HaCJie,n:HHKM ero IIOJib3YIOTC.SI CHM rrpaBOM CITO' ~OHHO H MHpHO BO-BeKH, c TeM JIHIIlb ycJIOBMeM, qT06bI JIIOAM ero BMecTe c
norpaHHqHbIM rpacpoM, r.n:e TOT yKa)KeT, IIOCTpOHJIH ~ropo.n:+; B cJiyqae HY):K;llbl, rryCTb xopOH.SITC.SI ry.n:a, crraCMCb caMM Mc HMym:eCTBOM; rryCTb HecyT TaK)J(e CTopo)KeByIO cJiy)K6y c .n:pyrHMM, no 06b1qa10, Ha o6m:ee cnoe crraceHHe M
,lXJIH Ha6JIIO,n:eHH.SI 3a K03H.SIMH BparoB.
CaM )Ke feiiMOH MJIM BMKapnii ero, qTo6bI nq:HHHTb MCK MJIH OTBeTCTBOBaTb, .ll.OJI)l(HbI OTrrpaBMTbC.SI B o6m:nii cy.n: BbIIIIeyKa3aHHoro rpacpa. EcJIM )Ke
B03HMKHeT ,n:eJIO c KeM-JIM60 M3 MopaBCKOH .n:ep)KaBbl, M eCJIM OHO TaKOBO, qTo
CaM feHMOH HJIH ero BHKapHH He CMoryT pa3peIIIHTb ero, TO OHO pernaeTC.SI
BJiaCTbIO TOTO )Ke rpacpa ...

.N2 17. <l>pH,IJ;pHX Bap6apocca Ha PoHKa.llhCKOM 110.lle (1154)
11

B MeC.SIU:e HO.SI6pe CTaJI OH Ha PoHKaJibCKOM IIOJie, Ha peKe Ilo, He,ll,aJieKO

OT Ilb.SJ:qeHIJ;bl. y KOpOJieM )Ke cppaHKCKIIX, OHII )Ke II TeBTOHCKIIe, eCTb 06b111aii: Ka)K,n:bIM pa3, Kor.n:a OHH co6epyT BOMCKO AJIH rroxo.n:a 3a AJlbIIbl, qTo6bI
;, npH.SITb KOpOHY IIMrrepHH PMMCKOH, OHM OCTaHaBJIMBaIOTC.SI Ha BbIIIIeyKa3aHHOM rroJie. 3.n:ecb no.n:py)KaIOT rnecT II nernaIOT Ha Hero ll.{HT. 3aTeM rocy.n.apeBbI
rnarnaTaM rrpIIrJiarnaIOT ncex pb1u;apeii, .n:ep)Kall.{IIX cpeo,n:hI, .SIBHTbC.SI B cJie,n:y10m:y10 HOqb 6bITb CTpa)KeM rrpII rocy.n.ape. CJie,n:y.SI ceMy, H OT,n:eJibHbie KH.SI9bH ero CBMTbl Tpe6yIOT Ka)K,n:bIM CBOHX JieHHIIKOB qepe3 rJiaIIIaTaeB. A eCJIH
Ha CJie.n:yIOll.{MM .n:eHb o6Hapy)KMTC.SI, qTo KTO-HH6y,n:b B HOqHoH CTPa)Ke He 6bIJI,
• HmKHH.H ABcTptt.H, tta 3anaJJ. OT BettbI.
u Hapo'IttToe co'leTatttte cJioB; 3eMJI.H 3Ta -

aJIJio;:i:.

294
OH BHOBb npH3bIBaeTCH nepe.n. JIMIJ;O rocy.n.apH, KHH3ell: II BeJibMO)I(. TaKHM
o6pa30M Bee, HMeIOIIJ,Me 6eHeqrnu;Hll: II OCTaBIIIMeCH .ll,OMa 6e3 corJiaCHH CBOMX
ceHbopoB, JimnaIOTCH 6eHeqmu;HeB. CJie.n.yH 3TOMY 06b1qaIO, rocy.n.apb OTHHJI
He TOJlbKO cpeO.ll,bI CBeTCKHX JIIO.ll,ell:, HO II HeKOTOpbIX enHCKOnOB, a HMeHHO
fapTBHra EpeMeHcKoro H

Y .n.aJibpHKa

faJib6eprnrn.n.TcKoro.

NQ 18. PoHKaJII>CKHe nocraHoBJieHHJI <l>p:u,z:r;pHXa I o <l>eo.zi;ax
Cl>pM.ll,pttx, Eo)l(Hell: MMJIOCTbIO PHMCKHH HMneparnp, H Bcer.n.a CBHIIJ,eHHbIH.

1. ... Kor.n.a Mbl

no o6bNaIO npe.n.rnecTBeHHMKOB HaIIIHX BOCCe.ll,aJIH Ha PoH-

KaJibCKOM o6IIJ,eM Cbe3.ll,e, noJiyqHJIM Mbl H3pH.ll,Hbie )l(aJI06bl OT MTaJibHHCKMX
KHH3ell:, KaK enHCKOnOB, TaK :H: MHbIX BepHbIX KopoJieBCTBa, qTO 6eHecpHIJ;HM
II cpeO.ll,bI, KOTOpbre BaCCaJibI OT HMX .n.ep)l(aJIM, OHM 6e3 n03BOJieHMH ceHbOpOB
OT.ll,aJIM B 3aJIOf HJIH o6MaHHbIM o6pa30M OTqY.ll.MJIH no.n. BM.ll,OM HaCJie.ll,CTBeHHbIX apeH.n.; OTqero yTpaTHJiaCb o6H3aTeJibHaH cJiy)l(6a H yMaJIHJiaCb qecTb
HMnepttH II qHcJieHHOCTb Harnero 6JiaronoJiyqHoro Hapo.n.a.

2.

Il03TOMy, MMeB COBeT c errHCKOIIaMH, repu;oraMH, MapKrpacpaMH, rpa-

cpaMH, HX cy.ll,bHMM H MHbIMM BeJibMO)l(aMM, CHM HMIIepaTopcKHM 3aKOHOM c
EO)l(Mell: nOMOIIJ,bIO BeqHo II HaBcer.n.a yTBep)l(.ll,aeM:
HMKTO He MO)l(eT cpeo.n. u;eJiblll HJIH KaKyIO-JIH6o qaCTb HM rrpo.n.aBaTb, HM
3aKJia)],bIBaTb, HM QTqy)l()],aTb KaKHM-JllI6o o6pa30M, HM OT.ll,aBaTb Ha noMMH
.ll.YIIIH 6e3 pa3perneHHH BbICIIIero ceHbopa, OT KOTOporo H.ll,eT cpeo.n.. Ilo3TOMY
MMnepaTop JloTapb, 3a6oTHCb npe)l(.n.e Bcero o 6y.n.yIIJ.eM, qTo6 3Toro He cJiyqanocb, o6Hapo.n.oBaJI 3aKoH.

3.

MbI )Ke, 3a60THCb 0 BHIIJ,ell: nOJib3e KOpoJieBCTBa, He TOJlbKO 6y.n.yIIJ.He,

HO II Bee .ll,0 CHX rrop y)l(e COBeprneHHbie He3aKOHHbie

o~y)l(.lJ.eHirn

HaCTOHIIJ,HM CBOIIM yKa30M OTMeHHeM H CBO.ll,IIM Ha HeT'

np~eM

3TOro po.n.a

HHKaKaH .n.aB-

HOCTb He nperrnTCTByeT .n.o6pocoBeCTHOMY noKynaTeJIIO BeCTH npoTHB npo.n.aBu;a HCK o 3aTparnx. KpoMe Toro, nponrno.n.ell:cTByH XIITpbIM yxttmpeHHHM tteKIIX, KOTOpbie, IIOJiyqHB .n.eHbflI no.n. BM.ll,OM lIHBeCTHTYPbI, 6y.n.To 6b1 HM .ll,03BOJieHHOH' npo.ll,aIOT cpeO.ll,bl II nepeBO.ll,HT IIX Ha .n.pyrttx' Mbl' .n.a6bI He
npII.ll.YMbIBaJICH no.n.o6HbIH o6MaH HJIII HHOH o6xo.n. Ramero nocTaHOBJieHHH,
BCHqecKII 3anpeIIJ.aJIII 3TO. HaKa3aHHeM )Ke yCTaHOBJIHeM, qTo npo.n.aBeu; II noKynaTeJib, ym1qeHHbie B CTOJlb He3aKOHHOH C.ll,eJIKe, TepHIOT cpeo.n., KOTOpbIH
6ecnpenHTCTBeHHO OToii.n.eT K cetthopy; micaBrnIIii )Ke 3aBe.ll,OMO TaKoii .n.oKyMeHT, TepHeT .ll,OJI)l(HOCTb 6ecqecTIIeM II JIIIrnaeTCH pyKII.

4.

,l{anee, ecJIII KTO-H1I6y.n.h, noJiyq:irn cpeo.n., 6y.n.yqtt cTaprne

14

JieT, no

CBOell: 6e33a60THOCTII IIJllI He6pe)l(HOCTII, npo6y.n.eT ro.n. II .n.eHb, He npocH IIHBeCTIITYPbl cpeo.n.a OT CBOero CeHbOpa, TO no nporneCTBIIII 3T0f0 BpeMeHII TepHeT cpeo.n., KOTOpbIH BepHeTCH K rocno.ll,IIHY.

295
5. HaKperrKo TaK)Ke rrocTaHOBJUieM KaK .zvrn I1Ta.mm, TaK M ,n:1u1 fepMallHH, qTO eCJUI KTO, 6y,n:yqH nocJie o6b.HBJieHH.H noxo,n:a rrpH3BaH CBOHM ceHbopoM K yqacnuo B noxo,n:e, ,n:ep3HeT coBceM He HBMTbCH B cpoK H npeHe6pe. Jl(eT nocJiaTb ceHbopy BMeCTO ce6.H npHeMJieMoro 3aMeCTHTeJIH lI He nocJiy)KHT
ceHbopy nOJIOBHHOM ro,n:OBOfO ,n:oxo,n:a c cpeo,n:a, TO noTep.HeT cpeo,n:, KOTOpbIM
Aep)KMT OT enncKona MJIM ,n:pyroro ceHbopa, H ceHbop Mo)KeT BepttyTb cpeo,n:aJibHoe noJib30BaHHe.
6. KpoMe Toro, nycTb repu:orcrna, MapKrpacpcTBa H rpacpcrna Bnpe,n:b He
.ileJIHTCH. MHbie )Ke cpeo,n:bI no corJiarneHHIO coBJia,n:eJibU:eB MoryT ,n:eJIHTbCH
'taK, qT06bI MMeIOIIJ;He qaCTb 3TOfO cpeo.n:a JIH6o ,n:o, JIH6o nocJie pa3,n:eJia npHHeCJIH npHc.Hry BepHOCTM ceHbopy; TaK, O,n:HaKO, qrn6 BaccaJI He npHHy)K,lJ;aJICH
npH 0,lJ;HOM cpeo,n:e MMeTb HeCKOJibKO ceHbOpOB, a ceHbOp He nepeHOCHJI 6bI
cl>eo.n: 6e3 BOJIH BaCCaJIOB .n:pyroMy JIHU:Y.
7. CBepx Toro, eCJIH CbIH BaccaJia ocKop6HT ceHbopa, TO oTeu;, no Tpe6oBaHHIO ceHbOpa, nycTb npe,n:cTaBHT CbIHa ,lJ;Jl.H y,n:oBJieTBOpeHM.H ceHbopy HJIH
nporoHHT OT ce6H CbIHa, HHaqe JIHIIIHTCH cpeo,n:a. EcJIH )Ke OTeu; xoqeT npe.n:. ~TaBMTb ero ,n:JIH y,n:oBJiernopeHMH, CbIH )Ke npeHe6pe)KeT, TO .n:a He HacJie,n:y~ nocJie CMepTH OTU:a cpeo,n:, noKa He y,n:oBJiernopMT ceHbopa; paBHbIM o6pa30M BaCCaJI OTBeqaeT 3a Bcex CBOHX ,n:oMoqa,n:u;eB.
8. Ilpe,n:nHCbIBaeM TaK)Ke CJie,n:y10iu:ee: eCJIH BaCCaJI Ha CBOeM cpeo.n:e HMeeT ,n:pyroro BaccaJia, M BaccaJI BaccaJia ocKop6HT ceHbopa cBoero ceHbopa,
TO, - eCJIH TOJibKO OH c,n:eJiaJI 3TO He no cJiy)K6e ,n:pyroMY CBOeMY ceHbOpy, KO'J'OpoMy OH o6.H3aJICH BepHOM cJiy)K6oii: paHbIIIe, - OH Tep.HeT CBOM cpeo,n:, lI
<t>eo.n: B03BpamaeTCH K ceHbopy, OT KOTOporo OH .n:ep)KaJI; pa3Be TOJibKO no
i Bbl30BY ceHbOpa He M3b.HBHT fOTOBHOCTM y,n:oBJieTBOpHTb BblCIIIero ceHbOpa,
KOTOporo OH OCKOp6HJI; eCJIM )Ke BaccaJI, OH )Ke lI ceHbOp, He BOCTpe6yeT ocKOp6HTeJI.H ,lJ;JI.H y ,lJ;OBJieTBopeHHH, TO caM Tep.HeT CBOM cpeo,n:.
ceHbop
BbICIIIMM ceHbOp
ceHbOp-BaCCaJI
,n:pyroii: ceHbOp
BaccaJI

9.

,llaJiee, ecJIH eCTb cnop Me)K,n:y ,n:ByMH BaccaJiaMM o cpeo,n:e, TO cnop pa3pernaeTc.H ceHbopoM. EcJIH )Ke cnop B03HHKHeT Me)K,lJ;y ceHbOpoM H BaccaJioM,
TO OH pa3pernaeTCH KypHeii: paBHbIX, CBH3aHHbIX Me)K,n:y co6oii: KJI.HTBOM BepHOCTM ceHbopy.
10. IlocTaHOBJI.HeM, qTo6 npM BC.HKOM npMC.Hre Ha BepHOCTb ,n:eJiaJiaCb oroBOpKa OTHOCMTeJibHO MMnepaTopa *.

*

JleHHOM BepHOCTbIO tteJib3.R 3JioyrroTpe6JI.RTb rrponrn HMrrepaTopa.

296
N219. Libri feudorum*
Ku:ura 1-JI

f JiaBa I. 0 TeX, KOTOpbie MOryT JJ;aBaTb cpeo,a;, ll KOTOpbie HeT; KaK cpeo,a;
IIOJiyqaeTC51 ll KaK y ,a;epJ1rnBaeTC5I
TaK KaK MhI co6tt:paeMc51 Becn1 peqb o cpeo,a;ax, TO paccMoTpIIM crrepBa,
KTO MO)l{eT ,a;aBaTb cpeo,a;. A ,a;aBaTb cpeo,a; MoryT apxIIeIIIICKOII, eIIIICKOII, a66aT, a66aTncca, rrpo6cT, ecmr rrpaBo ,a;aBaTb cpeo,a; 6bIJIO y HHX 1ICcTap1I. TaK)l{e MoryT ,a;aBaTb cpeo,a; repu:or, MapKrpacp, rpacp, KOTOpb1e co6cTBeHHO 30BYTC.SI KaIIIITaHaMn rocy.n:apcrna IIJIII rocy,a;ap.SI. EcTh II .n:pyr1Ie, rronyqaIOrn;IIe
cpeOJ];bl OT BbIIIIeHa3BaHHbIX ll co6crneHHO IIMettyeMbie BaBaccopaMII rocy.n:apCTBa IIJIH rocy,a;ap.SI, HO HbIHe OHII 30BYTC.SI KaIIIITaHaMII, ll caMII MoryT .n:aBaTb cpeOAbl. Te )Ke, KOTOpbie OT HIIX IIOJiyqaIOT cpeo.n:, 30BYTC.SI MeHblIIIIMII
BaBaccopaMII.
§ 1. PaccMOTpeB JIIIU:, paccMOTPIIM, KaKoBo 6bIJIO Haqano cpeo.n:oB. B oT.n:anetttteihnee BpeM.SI 3am1ceno OT BJiacn1 rocrro,a;, Kor.n;a yro,n;Ho OTo6paTh Bern;h,
.n:attttyIO IIMII B cpeo.n:. Ilocne 3TOro rrpnIIIJin K TOMY, ~o cpeo.n: 6bIJI Heo10eMJieM
TOJibKO ro.n;; 3aTeM ycTaHOBHJIOCb, qTo cpeo,a; .n:ep)KaJIC.SI B Teqem1e BCe:H )l{II3HII
Baccana. Ho TaK KaK cpeo,a; He rrepexo,a;un K CbIHOBb.SIM rro rrpaBy Hacne,a;oBaHH51, TO .ll:aJibIIIe rrpIIIIIJIII K TOMY, qTo OH CTaJI rrepexo,nlITh K ChIHOBb.SIM, a IIMeHHO K TOMY II3 HIIX, 3a KOTOpbIM ceHbOp xOTeJI yKperrlITb 6eHecp1IU:II:H. Hbrne )Ke
ycTaHOBIIJIOCb TaK, qTo OH rrepeXO.ll:IIT OJJ;IIHaKOBO KO BCeM.
§ 2. Kor.n:a )Ke KoHpa.n: oTrrpaBJI.SIJIC.SI B PIIM, BaccaJibI, cocTO.SIBIIIIIe Ha
ero cJiy)K6e, rrpoc1IJI1I, qT06b1 OH o6Hapo,a;oBaHIIeM oco6oro saKoHa COII3BOJIIIJI rrepe,a;aBaTb cpeo,a; BHyKaM IIO ChIHY' II qTo6bI IIO CMepTII 6paTa, yMep111ero 6e3 3aKOHHOrO HacJieJ];HIIKa, 6paT Hacne,nOBaJI 6eHecpIIU:II:H, HaXO)l:IIBIIIIIiIC51 B pyKax IIX OTu;a.
§ 3. EcJIII )Ke OAIIH 6paT IIOJiyqlIT cpeo.n: OT ceHbOpa, TO, IIO CMepTII ero
6e3 3aKOHHOf0 HaCJieJJ;HIIKa, 6paT He HaCJie.n:yeT cpeo,a;a, II6o, .n:a)l{e eCJIII 6bI
OHII IIOJIYqlIJIII cpeo.n: BMeCTe, OJ];IIH .n:pyroMy He Hacne.n:HIIK, eCJill 3TO lip.SIMO
He oroBopetto ....
§ 4. A BOT qTo Ha)l:O 3aMeTI1Tb: XOT.SI ,a;oqeplI IIO 3aKoHaM HaCJieJJ;yIOT OTu:aM, KaK II MY)l{CKo:H IIOJI, o.n:HaKO, OHII yCTpaH.SIIOTC.SI OT Hacne,a;oBaHII51 cpeo.n:a; paBHbIM o6pa30M II CblHOBb.SI IIX, eCJIII He 6y,a;eT oco6o OfOBopeHO, qTo HaCJie,noBaHIIe pacrrpocTpaH.SieTC.SI II Ha HIIX.

f Jiaea V. KaKIIM o6pasoM yTpaqtt:BaeTc51 cpeo,a;
... Terrepb rrocMOTpIIM, KaK cpeo.n: yTpaq1IBaeTC.SI. EcJIII ceHbop 6y,a;eT cpa)l{aTbC.SI B OTKpbITOM 6oIO, II BaCCaJI IIOKIIHeT ero B caMOM 6oIO He MepTBOro II

*

JloM6ap,ll,CKoe cpeo,ll,aJibHOe rrpaBO, rrp1m.HTOe (peQHIIHpOBaHHOe) B fepMaHHH.

297
Be cMepTeJibHO paHeHHoro, TO saccaJI munaeTc.H ¢eo.n;a.

ca.rr

§ 1.

PaBHO ecmr Bac-

HaCTaBMT pora CBOeMy ceHbopy, MJIM 3aMbICJIMT c.n;eJiaTb 3TO, MJIM cpaM-

. HO IIOIIrpaeT c ero )KeHOH, lI.llll eCJIII BCTJillIT B CBH3b c .n;oqepbIO, JIII6o c BH~­
KOH no CbIHY, mr6o c HeBeCTKoii ero, JIII6o c cecTpoii ceHbopa, TO no 3aKoHy
11H111aeTc.H ¢eo.n;a. PaBHbIM o6pa3oM, eCJIII Hana.n;eT Ha ceHbopa, MJIM 3aMOK
ero, 3HaH, qTo TaM Haxo.n;MTCH ceHbop ll.lIM )KeHa ceHbopa. PaBHo, ecJIM y6ber ero 6paTa MJIM II.lleMHHHIIKa, T.e. 6paTHero CbIHa.

rJiaea VII. 0

rrpMpo.n:e ¢eo.n;a

IlpMpo.n:a ¢eo.n:a TaKOBa, qTO ecJIII r<;>cy.n:apb MHBeCTMpOBaJI KaKIIM-JIM6o
<t>eo.n:oM CBOMX KaIIIITaHOB, T.e. MapKrpa¢oB, rpa¢oB M Tex, KOTOpbie HbIHe
. Ha3bIBaIOTCH KaTIMTaHaMM B co6CTBeHHOM CMbICJie, TO OH He MO)KeT .lllIIIIMTb IIX
cl>eo.n:os 6e3 BIIHbI.

§ 1.

To )Ke caMoe, eCJIII IIHBeCTIITypa coBeprneHa KarrIITa-

HaMM M CTapIIIMMM BaCCaJiaMM, KOTOpbie HbIHe Ha3bIBaIOTCH KanIITaHaMM He B
co6cTBeHHOM CMbICJie. ECJIM )Ke MHBecnnypa coseprneHa MeHbIIIMMII MJIM caMbIMM M.lla,ll;IIIMMII BaBaccopaMM, Tor.n:a MHOe .n;e.710. TaKMX MO)KHO JIIIIIIaTb
(t>eo.n:a nOMIIMO BCHKOH BMHbl, eCJIM TO.llbKO OHM He HaXO,ll;HTCH B PIIMCKOM noxo.n:e (B TaKOM cJiyqae K MeHbIIIMM BaccaJiaM OTHOIIIeHMe TO )Ke, qTO M K 6oJibInHM) MJIH eCJIM OHH He KYTIM.llll ce6e ¢eo.n:a ( TOr.n:a Ha.n;o BepHyTb ero u;eHy)'
corJiacHo .n;aBHeMy M pa3yMHoMy 06b1qa10. Hbrne111HIIe )Ke pa3JIMqaIOT He TaK
TOHKO M roBOpHT, qTo K MeHbIIIHM BaCCaJiaM Ha.ZJ;O rrpMMeHHTb TO )Ke, qTo CKa3aHo rrpo CTapIIIIIX.

fJiaea XIII.

06

OTqyJK.n:eHMM cpeo.n:a

Ecmr BaccaJI 3axoqeT OTqy.ZJ;IITb qacTb cBoero ¢eo.n:a .n:o rroJIOBIIHbI 6e3
. pa3pe111emrn ceHbOpa, OH BOJieH c.n;eJiaTb 3TO; ,ll;a.llbllle IIOJIOBMHbl OH M,ll;Tll He
i

MO)KeT, corJiaCHO crrpaBe,lJ;JIMBOMY M rrpaBOMy o6bRaIO; MHaqe OH Tep.HeT ¢eo.n:,
a c.n;eJIKa ero He.n;eiicTBMTeJibHa .

.r Jiaea XXL

<l>eo.n: 6e3 BMHbl He yTpaqMBaeTCH

Mbl IIOCTaHOB.71.HeM, qTo6bI HM 0,ll;MH pb1u;apb He yTpaqMBaJI CBOero 6eHe«f>Hu;HH 6e3 ycTaHOBJieHHOM BlIHbl, eCJIH OH rrpIIroBopoM CBOMX paBHblX He 6y1J,eT yJIMqeH B Hapy111eHMM o6.H3aTeJibCTB, o6bNHO rrepeqMCJI.HeMbIX pb1u;ap.HMM,
Kor.n:a OHM npMHOCHT npIICHry BepHOCTH CBOMM ceHbopaM, JIM6o ecJIII OH He
OTKa)KeTCH CJIY)KMTb CBOeMy ceHbopy' -

Tor.n;a, no BbIHCHeHIIM rrpocTyrrKa,

Ha3HaqaeTCH cpoK ,ll;JIH BbITpe6oBaHMH ¢eo.n;a, c KOToporo OH He CJIY)KMT ceHbopy. H6o ecJIII 6y.n;eT ycrnHOBJieHo, qTo oH He CJIY)KMJI csoeMy ceHbopy .n;Ba.n;uaTb JieT M CBbIIIIe, a ceHbopy B 3TOM cJiy)K6e He 6bl.ll0 HY)K.ZJ:bl, TO OH He TepSieT ¢eo.n;a.
l·

· fJiaea XXVI.
HHBeCTMTypbI

EcJIM MeJK.n:y ceHbopoM M BaccaJioM B03HMKaeT crrop M3-3a

298
Ecm1 Jl.,ie)K,ll,y ceHbopoM 11 Bacca.rroM B03HIIKHeT crrop 113-3a IIHBeCTMTYPhI,
rrplflleM ceHbOp 6y,l1,eT yrnep)K,ll,aTb, qTo OH He ,ll,aBaJI IIHBeCTIITYPbI, II ,ll,eJio He
MO)KeT 6bITb ,l1,0Ka3aHO CBil,l],eTeJI.HMII, TO OHO peIIIIITC.H IIpllC.HfOH BJia,ll,eIOru;ero [ cpeo,l],oM]. To )Ke co6.JIIO,l1,aeTc.H OTHOCHTe.JibHO HX Hac.Jie,ll,HHKOB. Ee.JIM )Ke
rrpHCYTCTBOBaJIII CBH,ll,eTeJIII, M Bacca.rr rrp11rJiaIIIaeT IIX CBH,ll,eTeJibCTBOBaTb, TO
,l],aeTC.H Bepa HX CBil,ll,eTe.JibCTBY IIO,ll, rrpHC.HfOH. CBH,l],eTeJIH )Ke -

II3pbl ero,

,ll,ep)Karu;Me cpeo,l],bI OT Toro )Ke ceHbopa. Ee.JIM )Ke TaKOBbie rrp11 MHBeCTMpoBaHIIH OTCYTCTBOBaJIM, TO ,ll,OIIYCKaTb H qy)KMX, KOTOpbie paBHbIM o6pa30M, ,l],a6bI
OHM rrpM )KeJiaHMII He MOfJIII CKpbITb rrpaB,ll,Y BCJie,l],CTBlle rrpM513Hll, KOpbICTII
lIJIH MHOH KaKOH-JIM6o rrpMqMHbI, IIpMHY)K,ll,aIOTC.H K rrpllC.Hre rpacpoM H Hapo,ll,OM B TOM, qTo OHM He CKa)KyT JI)KM M He YTMT rrpaB,l],bl. Ecm1 )Ke Te He rrp11HYlJ..HT IIX, TO BaccaJI c ceHbOpOM rrocrreIIIaIOT K IIMrrepaTopy, BbI.HCWIIOT eMy
ll,e.Jio, 11, 'ITO Me)K HMMM rropeIIIHT MMrrepaTop -

co6.JIIOlJ.aeTc.H. Ee.JIM )Ke Bac-

ca.rr o6eru:aeTCH rrpllHTM JillqHo MJIM IIOCJiaTb KOfO-HM6y,Z1,b, TO co BpeMeHII o6eru;aHH51 B TeqeHMe fOll,a OH CIIOKOHHO IIOJib3YeTC51 [ cpeoll,OM]. Ee.JIM )Ke B TeqeHlle fOll,a He .HBIITC.H K KOpO.!IIO M HMKOfO He IIOIIIJieT, TO ll,e.JIO OKOHqaTeJibHO
peIIIaeTc.H KJIHTBOH ceHhopa. Ee.JIM )Ke CBlllJ.eTe.JIH, ll,aB BbIIIIeyKa3aHHyro KJI.HTBy, [KaK-Htt6ylJ.b] CKa)KyT, qTO OHII He rrpMCYTCTBOBa.JIII, TO ll,eJIO BepIIIIITCH
coo6pa3HO KJI.HTBe [ Oll,HOfO] ceHbOpa.

KHura 2-H

r JiaBa

II.

"lfro TaKoe MHBeCTIITypa

I1HBeCTHTypoii Ha3hIBaeTC51 co6cTBeHHO BJiall,eHtte; o6biqHo )Ke IIHBeCTHTypoii 30ByT, KOrll,a KOIIbe HJIH qTQ-JIH6o ll.pyroe Beru;ecrneHHoe rrepell,aeTc.H rocIIOlJ.MHOM cpeo,l],a co CJIOBaMM, qTo OH .n:aeT HHBeCTHTYPY ...

r JiaBa v.

KaK BaCCaJI ,l1,0JI.iKeH rrpHHOCHTb KJIHTBY BepHOCTH CeHbopy

IlocMoTpHM, KaK Bacca.JI ,ll,OJI)KeH rrpHHOCHTb KJI.HTBY sepHOCTH. KJIHCTbC.H OH ll,OJI)KeH TaK: KJI.HHYCb Ha ceM Cs.HTOM EsaHreJIHM, qTo OTHhIHe H Brrpell.b
6y.n:y 51 BepeH TaKOMy-To, KaK ll,OJI)KeH 6bITb BepeH BaCCaJI CBOeMy ceHbopy, M
He coo6ru:y C03HaTeJibHO KOMy-JIM6o B yru:ep6 ceHbopy, qTQ OH MHe ll,OBepHT BO
MM.H BepHOCTH ...

f Jiaaa XXII. 0

saccaJie-pb1u,ape, KOTOpbiii: cJiaraeT c

ce6H soeHHbie ,ll,OcnexII

EcJIM pbIU.apb, ll,ep)KaUJ;Hll 6eHeqmu.Hii, HO He HMeIOUJ;HH ,l],eTeii, BCTYIIHT
B qecTHYIO o6HTe.Jib H, OTKa3aBIIII1Cb OT MHpa, CJIO)KMT BOeHHbie ,ll,OCIIeXH, Ha,l],eHeT MOHaCTbipcKoe o,n:e.HHHe H TaK o6paTHTCH K Eory*. OH IIbITaeTc.H ylI.ep)KaTb cpeoll,, IIOKy,ll,a )KIIB, a ceHbOp MJIM pOll,H.H ,l1,0Ka3bIBaIOT, qTO cpeo,ll, H,ll,eT

*

,ll;aJiee coo6maeTrn npe,n:rrnJiaraeMbIM TMITll'IHbIM cJiyqai1 ( casus).

299
[Tenepb] HM. IlOCTaHOBJieHo: ceHbOp llJIM po.n.mi 6011ee npaBbl, M6o TOMy, KTO
nepeCTaJI 6bITb BOMHOM MMpa cero M CTaJI BOMHOM XpMCTa, He H,neT TOMY c11y'1(llJiruI 3eMJI51 (beneficium), n6o HeT y Hero c11yJK6b1 (officium).
fJiaua

XXII. 0

pb111ape-Bacca11e -

ocJiyIIIHIIKe

IlpM3bIBaeT CeHbOp pbll(ap5I, .n:epJKarn.ero OT Hero ¢eo.n:, yKa3bIBa.sI, 'ITO OH
BilaJI B BMHy, 3a KOTopyK> .ll:OJI)l(eH IIOTep.HTb ¢eo.n:; a TOT He OT3bIBaeTC.sI; crrpaWllBaeTC5I, 'ITO .n:eJiaTb ceHbopy? 0TBeT: rrpH3BaTb ero B KYPMK>, M ecJIM He
HBllTC5I, 3BaTb BTOpH1IHO, M TaK .n:o TpeTbero pa3a, orrpe,aeJIAA CpOKM, corJiaCHO
yKa3aHMK> Kypmr, B ceMb MJIM .a;eCHTb .a;Heii. ECJIH He HBHTCH Ha TpeTHM 30B,
TeM caMbIM TepReT ¢eo.u. 11 Tor.n.a Kypm1 BBO)l;MT ceHbOpa BO BJia,lleHMe ...
EcJIM JKe Bacca11 MMeeT JKaJio6y Ha ceHhopa, HanpMMep, 'ITO TOT BCTYIIMJI
B ¢eo.n: He no 3aKoHy; ceHbop JKe OTBe1IaeT yKJioH1IMBO; 'ITO, cnpannrnaeTC.H,
.ne11aTb nacca11y? OTBeT: nacca11 .uo11JKeH B033BaTb K Kyp1rn M B Heil 3a5IBMTb
xca1106y Ha ceHbopa. Kyp1rn JKe .noJIJKHa o6paTMTbC.sI K ceHbopy M c HaMeJKaIn11M TI01ITeHMeM rrpMHY.llMTb ero 111160 BepHyTb BJia,llemie 11 ycrrOKOMTbC51, JIM6o
npe.n:ocTaBMTb peIIIeHMe .n:e11a KYPMM. Ec11M TOT rroc11e TpoeKpaTHoro ynemaHM He BbIIIOJIHl1T 3TOro, Tor.ua BaCCaJI MoJKeT IIOHTM K MHOH BbICIIIeH: BJiaCTM
H Ha.HTM ce6e TaM yrrpaBy. A ecJIM ceHbop He 3aXo1IeT co6JIK>CTM ero rrpaBa, OH
MoJKeT ero rpa6IITb.

r JiaBa

XXIV.

KaKOBa rrepBaH rrpHq1rna IIOTepII 6etteqmu;HR

Ilepnrui npM1IMHa rroTepn 6eHe¢MUM51 TaKona: ecJIM naccaJI 1Iepe3 ro,a; M
,lleHb ITOCJie CMepnI ceHbOpa nee ell(e He 51BMTC.sI c 06e111aH11eM nepHOCTM M
npocb6oil 06 IIHBeCTMType K Hac11e,llHMKy cnoero ceHbopa, KaK He611aro.n:apHhlil, Tep.HeT OH 6eHe¢nunii. I1 Hao6opOT, ecmr ceHbOp JKirn, a yMpeT naccaJI,
H CbIH ero B Te1Iem1e Toro JKe npeMeHM He 03a6onITC51 0 IlOJIY1IeHMM MHBeCTMTYPbI, OH TepReT 6eHe¢nuMil ...
L(a11ee, ecm1 OH Hana.neT Ha cnoero ceHbopa MJIM Ha .uepeBHK>, B KOTopoH:
HaXO,ll,MTC51 ceHbOp, MJIM IIO,ll,HIIMeT r.n.e 6b1 TO HR 6bIJIO CBOM He1IeCTMBbie PYKM
Ha oco6y ceHbOpa, MJllI HaHeCeT eMy MHbie T51)1(KHe M II030pHbie o6H,abI, MJIII
IlOC51rHeT Ha )l(II3Hb ero 51,ll,OM, Me1IOM, HJIII IIHa1Ie KaK - Tep.sieT 6eHe¢IIl(IIH.
CaMaR JKe crrpane,n;JIIIBa.H rrpII1IIIHa OTHRTb 6eHe¢IIUIIH, ecJIM Ta c11yJK6a, 3a
KOTopyK> .n:aH 6ette¢Ml(MH, He MCIIOJIH.HeTC.sI.

NQ 20. CTa'cyT rpa<l>a PaH:MYJI,ZJ;a BepeHrapIDI 1235 r.

0

IlOMOW.H H TaJibe
IloCTaHOBAAeM, 'ITO rocy.n:apb rpa¢ MO)l(eT Tpe6onaTb IIOMOIIIb B HII)l(eCJie.uyIOIIIMX CJIY1Ia.sIX. A MMeHHO: 0.ll:MH pa3, OTIIpaBJI515ICb K MMrrepaTOpy He opyJKHbIH,
H Ka)l(.ll:bIH pa3, ecJIM OH no Tpe6onaHMK> MMrrepaTOpa M,aeT K HeMy opyJKHbIH.

300
A eCJUI Mbl CKa3aJIH «OJJ:HH pa3 He opyJKHbIH~, TO Mbl HMeJUI B BHJJ:Y noeJ,a:Ky
Toro JKe rpacpa K OJJ:HOMY HMnepaTopy. TaKJKe, eCJIH noCB.SIIIJ,aeTC.SI B pbiu;apH
OH HJIH CTapIIIHH CbIH ero, 6y,a:yIIJ,HH rpacp, OH MOJKeT Tpe6oBaTb ITOMOIIJ,b.
TaKJKe, eCJIH OH BbIJJ:aeT ,a:oqb HJIH ,a:oqepeM: 3aMyJK, OH MOJKeT Tpe6oaaTb
noMOIIJ,b Ha KaJK,a:yIO H3 HHX, HO Jllflllb e,a:HHOJKJJ:bl. EcJIH JKe Mbl rOBOpHM
«6y,a:e OH H,a:eT K HMnepaTopy opyJKHbIH~, HJIH 3a Mope, TO Mbl MMeeM B BHJJ:y,
qTo HeT TYT HH o6MaHa, HM XMTpOCTM. EcJIM JKe KTO H3 6apOHOB MJIM pbIIJ;apeM: opyJKHO HJJ:eT c rpacpoM K rocy,a:ap10 HMnepaTopy, To rpacp He ,a:oJIJKeH
Tpe6oBaTb noMOIIJ,b c JIIO,a:eM: HX ... A Kor,a:a Mbl roBOpHM «eCJIH OH opyJKHO noM:,a:eT 3a Mope~, TO Mbl HMeeM B BH,a:y, qTo OH nepenpaBHJIC.SI c BOHCKOM KpecTOHOcu;eB Ha nOMOIIJ,b CB.SITOH 3eMJie ... IlocTaHOBJI.SieM TaKJKe, qTO HM B KaKHX
,a:pyrHX CJIY"lfa.SIX rocy,a:apb rpacp He MOJKeT Tpe6oaaTb noMOIIJ,b HH OT pbIIJ;apeM:
CBOHX, HH OT ,a:pyrHx noMaHHbIX. IloCTaHOBJI.SieM TaKJKe, qTO rocy,a:apb rpacp,
KpoMe BbIIIIeyKa3aHHOR ITOMOIIJ,H, MOJKeT Tpe6oBaTb ... c JJ:bIMa no IIIeCTH KOpoJieBCKHX COJIHJJ:OB, HO He OOJiee, KTO 6bI 3TO HM 6bIJI. «l{bIMOM~ JKe BJia,n:eeT TOT,
KTO HMeeT co6crneHHbIH JJ:OM B ropo,a:e, 3aMKe HJIH ,a:epeBHe.

N2 21. Cl>eo,ri; errHcKorrcKoro IIJIOTHHKa (XIII B.)
BoT <l>eo,n; Jleo6HHa IIJIOTHHKa.
l{a JIMeeT OH [ 3eMJIIO] c JJ:OXOJJ:OM B 50 COJIJIJJ:OB JI c npaBOM npo,a:aJKH [,a:oxo,a:a], a TaKJKe Bee npaBa H rrpeHMyIIJ,ecrna, KpoMe cy.n:a KpOBH H noe.n;HHKa*.
3a 3TO OH co6crneHHOH rrepcOHOR o6.SI3aH pa6oTaTb, 6y.n.e noHa,n:06MTC.SI, B .ZJ:OMe
errJICKOIIa, a TaKJKe Ha ero BJIHO,ll,aBHJibHe. I1 KaJKJJ:bIH ,a:eHb, Kor.n.a OH pa6oTaeT 3,a:ecb, noJiaraeTc.SI eMy YTPeHJIK JI o6e.n: .n.ocTaToqHbIH, a TaKJKe BHHO B qac
,ll,eBHTbIH If B BeqepIO, a Ha JI.OM JI.Ba 6eJibIX XJie6a H IIOJICeKCTapH.SI BMHa; TO
JKe, KpOMe yTpeHHKa H BHHa B .n:eB.SITbIH qac, noJiyqaeT OH no BOCKpeCHbIM JI
rrpa3,ll.HH"CJHbIM .ZJ:H.SIM. A KaKJie HJJKHbl eMy 6y.n:yT BO Bee BpeM.SI pa60Tbl JIHCTpyMeHTbI, OH ,ll.OJIJKeH ace JIMeTb caM, a .n.aTb eMy HX He MOryT. I1 .n.aeTC.SI eMy
oco6a.SI ropHJIIJ;a, Ky.n.a KJiaCTb HHCTpyMeHT JKeJie3HbIR. A BO BpeM.SI y6opKH
mrnorpa,n:a ,aaaaTb no ceKcTapMIO BHHorpa,aa JI BHHorpa,aHoro coKa. JKeJie3HbIH JKe HHCTpyMeHT ero, 6y,a:e OH nOJIOMaeTC.SI HJIJI CHOCHTC.SI B pa60Te Ha em1CKOIIa, B03MeIIJ,aeTC.SI 3a cqeT errMCKOrra. I1 BO BCe .ZJ:HM, Kor.n:a enHCKOII
IIIapTpCKJIR 6y.n.eT B IIIapTpe, rrycTb o6e.n.aeT, 6y.n:e JaxoqeT, rrpH .n;Bope ero
3a o6IIJ,HM CTOJIOM* *. Bo BpeM.SI c6opa BHHOrpa.aa ,l{OJIJKeH oxpaH.SITb OH BHHHbIR rrorpe6 .n.eHHO H HOIIJ,HO, 3a "CJTO If IIOJiyqaTb COOTBeTCTBYIOIIJ,ee B03HarpaJK,a:eHJie: Ja Hoqb .n:aa .n.ettapH.SI (por haste) [3a B03JIOJKeHHYIO crnpoJKeBy10 cJiyJK6y ]; a 3a KaJK.ZJ:bIR .n:eHb, KOTOpbIR OH npe6brnaeT B rrorpe6e, IIOJiyqaTb eMy .ZJ:JI.SI

* «:BhlclllHe\> cy~e6ttbie rrpaBa.
** Ilo 3THKeTy Toro BpeMeHH rocrro~HH
OT~eJibHbIM

CTOJIOM.

(B ~aHHOM CJiy'IaH eIIHCKOII) BCer~a KYillaJI 3a

301
.~hIJIKM ,n:oMoii no ,n:Ba 6eJibIX XJie6a II noJiceKcTap1u1 BIIHa. B npa3,UHIIKII CB.

JleBhI, B Pom.uecrno, Ilacxy, Bo3HeceHIIe, Tpmn.lhIH )leHb II Bcex CBHThIX
noJiy"CJ:aTh eMy no "lleTbipe 6eJibIX XJie6a II no ceKCTapmo BIIHa ,UJIH OTCbIJIKII
loMoii; B 3aroBeHbe* - "CJ:eTbipe 6eJihIX XJie6a, .ua CeKCTaplill BIIHa, .ua KyplI~, .ua KycoK coJIOHHHhI.

NQ 22. ,[l;eBH3hl
I1Hor.ua B BII,n:e 1Irpb1
(de Savoie).

CJIOB,

cpe~eBeKOBhIX

ceH1>opoB

HanplIMep, ,n:eBII3 rpacpoB HeMyp CaBOHCKIIX

Suivant sa voye. Hay CBoeu aopozou.
qacTo B BII,Ue rop,n:bIX 3aHBJieHIIil. Hanp1IMep, ,n:eBII3 C!>1IJI1Inna )lo6poro,
repuora EypryH.UCKoro:

1

Autre naurai. 11.pyzuM ue cmauy.
HJIII JKaHa de la Tremouille:

Ne moubliez. IloMuu MellR.
HJIII lllapJIH de Croy:

J e maintiendray. fl yaep)Kycb.
)leBII3 ero OTUa, C!>1IJI1Inna de Croy:

f y parviendray. fl ao6b10Cb.

·,

.

)leBII3 6apoHOB Couey:

J e ne suis ray ne prince aussi, je suis le sire de Couey. fl ue 1wp0Jtb
uue KHR3b, R 6apou ae Ko1<y.

:·

)leBII3 PoraHoB:

Roy ne puis, due ne daigne, Rohan suis. KopoJteM 6btmb ue Mazy, zep24ozoM
ue co6JtazoB0Jt10; R - Pozau.
I

NQ 23. Ha phln;apcKoro 6h1Ta (1248 r.)
B :ny nopy nplI"l!IIHIIJIII MHe 6e.uy II 061I.UY Te ,UBOe, KOTOpblX 51 ce:H:-qac
lla30BY. 0,n:IIH II3 HIIX 6bIJI pbIUapb IllIJibrpMM, CTapliHHblll Harn BaccaJI, He'MaJIO nocJiy/KMJI OH MHe, 6JiarOBOJIHJI I1 51 eMy - qacTO 6bIBaJI OH y MeHH; li
Mbl BMeCTe nttpOBaJIH. )lpyroll: - Be:H:HroJib,U, 51 ero TO/Ke MCKpeHHO mo6ttJI;
1
MHOro c HIIM 6bIJIO CMexy: MY/K"l!MHa OH 6bIJI npeorpoMHbIH; TeJIOM HeyKJII0">1mii, BCer.ua XMTpoyMeH B pe-qax, a B .uyrne CBoeii, O,UMH Eor Be,UaJI, KaKyIO
TaWI li3MeHy. )le.TIO 6bIJIO Ha TpeTHH ,n:eHb ITOCJie CB. BapcpoJIOMeH**' B ITOJI,neHh; IIOCJie 6aHH 51 OT,UbIXaJI y ce6H, Kor.ua Te ITO,UbeXaJIH K BopoTaM cI>payi:m6ypra***. qeIDIJ{b MOH rrplIBeTCTBOBaJia MX, KaK IIOJiaraeTcH; OHM rro6Jiaro-

\ * KaTOJIH'lecKoe 3aroBeH1>e - BTOpmm Ha nepBoll: He,ZJ,eJie Bemmoro nocTa.

**

24 aBryCTa.

*** B llhnpHH, B oKpyre I0,llett6ypr.

302
;::i;apIIJIII rro-6Jiaropo;::i;HoMy, JiaCKOBO, II pbIIJ,apb IlIIJibrpIIM CKa3aJI: «CKa)KIITeKa, "LITO ;::i;eJiaeT MOH rocrro;::i;IIH? ». A MOii oTBe"LiaJIII: «focrro;::i;IIH Jier cocHyTb».
Tor;::i;a OH cKa3aJI: « lfro 3a JieHb! IloHti:IITe II norrpoc1ue-Ka ero BCTaTb, -

)Ke-

JiaIO c HMM HeMe;::i;JieHHO noroBopIITb». IIocTeJibHM"LIMH MOH rrpmneJI KO MHe M

5I

M3BeCTIIJI Memr.

TYT )Ke BCTaJI, BbIIIIeJI K HMM II rrpIIH5IJI IIX 3atJ;yIIIeBHO; a

o;::i;eT 5I 6bIJI B IIITaHbI, JibHRHYIO py6axy' MeXOBYIO 6e3pyKaBKY II IIJiaIIJ,.

5I

o6HRJI o6oIIx II cKa3aJI: «Pa3JII06e3Hbie APY3bR, npMBeT BaM B focno;::i;e», -B35IJI MX 3a pyKy II IIOtJ;BeJI IIX K KpaCIIBOH CKaMbe IIOA 6aJitJ;aXIIHOM. focTerrpIIIIMCTBa pa;::i;II 5I BeJieJI rro;::i;aTb BbIIIIITb II cnpOCIIJI ax: «A eCTb Bbl XOTIITe? ».
«KTo crrpaIII1rnaeT, 3HaTb, yroIIJ,aTb He XO"LieT», -

OTBeTIIJI IlIIJibrpIIM. IlpM-

HeCJIII HaM eti:bI, Me.ll.y a BMHa. EJIII MbI II BeceJIIIJIMCb ;::i;oBOJibHO.

l1

BOT Ha"LiaJI pb111,apb IlMJibrpnM: «focrro,ll.IIH MOH, He yCTpOMTb JIII HaM

cerO,ll.H5I K Be"Liepy COKOJIIIHOH OXOTbl? » Ka)KyCb».

l1

«HeT' pa,ll.II 6aHII Ha cerOtJ;H5I OT-

CKa3aJI Tor;::i;a BepoJIOMHbIH: «Hy, c;::i;eJiaHTe 3TO pa;::i;M MeHR, rrpe-

MHOro BaM 6y;::i;y 6Jiaro;::i;apeH. 3axBaTMJIM Mb! c co6o.H ABYX Kpe"LieTOB 11 Ha;::i;e-5IJIIICb 3tJ;eCb IIOOXOTIITbC5I». Tor,ll.a 5I CKa3aJI: «l.J:pyr, ecmI 5I Mory BaM 3TMM
ycJiy)KIITb, TO ceilqac )Ke rroe;::i;y c BaMM».

l1

BOT 5I BeJieJI o6b5IBIITb CBOMM JIIO-

tJ;RM, "LIT06bI OHII BbIBeJIII B IIOJie II co6aK, II IITIIIJ,Y. TaK 5I OTOCJiaJI CBOMX, II
JIIIIIIb HeMHOrIIe OCTaJIJICb co MHOIO, HO JI Tex IlIIJibrpIIM pa30rHaJI, IIOCbIJia5I
IIX TO 3a o;::i;HJIM, TO 3a .ll.pyrIIM. Kor;::i;a 5I ocTaJICR Haeti:JIHe c HJIMM, OH MnrHy.ri CBOIIM opy)KeHOCIJ,aM; II3 HIIX )l,BOe CT05IJIII HarOTOBe M IIOtJ;OIIIJIII Terrepb
K Moeil 6aIIIHe. BeHHfOJibA )Ke II IlIIJibrpIIM BCKOqIIJIII, BbIXBaTIIJIII HO)KJI,

Ha6pOCIIJIMCb Ha MeH5I II HaHeCJIII MHe TPII paHbl, a IlMJibrpIIM o6MOTaJI MHe
IIIeIO Moeil )Ke 6e3pyKaBKOH JI nJiaIIJ,OM II IIOBOJIOK MeH5I K Moeil 6aIIIHe.
rpoMKO II )KaJioCTHO B3bIBaJI: «fope, rope!

lJrn

5I

JI BaM c;::i;eJiaJI? Pa)l,JI Co3.zi.a-

TeJI5I' IIOIIJ,atJ;IITe MOIO )KII3Hb ! »
CJiyr CBOIIX OHII AO Toro OCTaBIIJIII npII BopoTax, a Tenepb Te OCMeJIIIJIIICb
BOpBaTbC5I B ,ll.OM II BblfHaJIII OTTy;::i;a Bcex MOMX JIIOtJ;eH, KaKMe TOJibKO 6bIJIII
TaM. )I\eHa MOR IIO)l,6e)KaJia KO MHe II BOCKJIIIKHYJia: «DaTIOIIIKII, qTo )Ke 3TO
TaKoe! » Tor;::i;a Te BepOJIOMHbie CKa3aJIM: «KOJIII ;::i;opora BaM "LieCTb BaIIIa, rocy;::i;apbIH5I, yxo;::i;:iue-Ka ceilqac ::Ja BopoTa, TaM HaH;::i;eTe Bbl CBOMX JIIO,ll.eil, c
HIIMII II y6IIpaiITecb. HaM )Ke Hy)KeH OH II Bee ero )l,o6po, He TO rrpmneJI ero
IIOCJie,ll.HIIH "LiaC». IIocMoTpeJia OHa, cep;::i;eqHa5J, Ha MeH5I co CJie3aMII, 5I )Ke CKa3aJI: « Yxo;::i;IITe cKopeiI, II6o ;::i;opora Bania qecTb, JI He rrpe6brnaiITe ;::i;oJiee co
MHOIO».

l1

IIOIIIJia OHa c ,ll.eTbMII K BOpOTaM. «focy;::i;apbIH5I, OCTaBbTe-Ka y Hae

CBOero CbIHa», -

CKa3aJI eil IlIIJibrpIIM, CXBaTIIJI y Hee pe6eHKa II OT06paJI y

)KeHIIJ,llH OtJ;e)K,ll.y II ;::i;paro11,eHHOCTM; Bee 3TO OH B35IJI BorrpeKII pbIIJ,apcKOMY
o6bI"LiaIO, a MX BbirHaJI 3a BOpoTa; CblH )Ke MOH OCTaJICH co MHOH.

l1

rrpIIIIIJIOCb )KeHe Moeil II qeJIRAII IIOHeBOJie YHTII, II OTIIpaBIIJIIICb OHM

B CKop6Hx npHMbIM rryTeM B JlIIXTeHIIITeiIH*. CKopo pa3HeCJiaCb BeCTb ITO

*

He,TJ,aJieKo

OT

<!>pay3tt6ypra.

303
ece:H: OKpyre, II HeMe,n:;rn co6paJIOCb )l.py3eM MOIIX COTHII ).I.Be c IIOJIOBIIHOH,

a TO

II 60JibIIIe.

11

BOT IO)l,eH6yprcKIIe )l.py3b51 MOII 6blCTpO CHap51).l.IIJIIICb II

' UO)l,CTYIIIIJIII K <l>pay::m6ypry' He Ha pa)l,OCTb MHe' II6o 51 II3-3a aTOro qyTb
' >KII3HII He JIIIIIIIIJIC51. KaK TOJibKO OHII IIO)l,OIIIJIII K 6ypry' B351JI MeH51 IlIIJibrpaM, BbIBeJI Ha 6aJIKOH II CKa3aJI: ~KOJIII XOTIITe coxpaHIITb CBOIO )l{II3Hb,
TaK BeJIIITe IIM y6paTbC51».

11

HaKIIHYJI OH MHe BepeBKY Ha IIIeIO II BOCKJIIIK-

HyJI: ~BOT 51 Bae celiqac IIOBeIIIy c 6aJIKOHa, rrp51MO rrepe)l. HIIMII, qTo6bl y
HllX rrpOIIIJia OXOTa II)l,TII Ha Hae rrpncTyrroM. MHe )Ke OHII HWlYTb He
CTpaIIIHbl». )KaJIOCTHO B030IIIIJI 51 TOf)l,a K CBOIIM )l.py3b51M: ~ qTO Bbl )l,eJia. eTe, 6e3yMIJ,bl, y6IITb Bbl MeH51 XOTIITe! He OCB060)l.IITb BaM MeH51 TaKIIM
o6pa30M II3 3TOH 6e)l.bl! IlO)l.OH)l,eTe Bbl H11qero He rro)l,eJiaeTe».

11

KOHeIJ, MHe, a c HIIM Bbl Bee paBHO

rpo3IIJI 51, II YMOJI51JI, rroKa OHII He YIIIJIII, ocTa-

BHB MeH51 B lIJieHy. BeJIIIKYIO CKop6b rrpeTeprreJI 51 B aTY HOqb, He pa3 MHe
rpo3IIJIII CMepTbIO, KaK TOJibKO paccBeTeT.

c

HaCTyrrJieHIIeM )l,H51 CTaJI 51

roTOBIITbC51 K CMepTII. IloIIIapIIJI 51, HeT JIII B 6aIIIHe, r)l,e MeH51 )l.ep)l(aJIII,
•. XJie6a; 51 HaIIIeJI HeCKOJibKO Kpox, co CJie3aMII IIO)l.06paJI IIX, rrpeKJIOHIIJI
. KOJieHII II mrnaKaJI rpexII CBOII rrepe)l. TeM, KTo BII)l.IIT cep)l.11,e JIIO)l.CKoe,
· nepe)l. KeM HIIqTo He yTaIITC51; co cJie3aMII rrpIIo6IIJ,IIJIC51 51 xJie6oM, KaK TeJIOM Ero, II rropyqIIJI EMy CBOIO )l.yIIIy.
TyT BOIIIeJI KO MHe IlIIJibrpIIM, rp0351 MeH51 y6IITb. ~A KOJIII XOTIITe eIIJ,e

~cfiQ)l{llTb, CKa3bIBa:l1:Te, CKOJibKO )l,a)l,IITe».

5I

OTBeTIIJI: ~ti:aIO BaM Bee, qTo eCTb

. y MeH51, II qTo 51 KOr)l,a-JIII6o CMory )l.06blTb». KaK HII 6bIJI OH 3JI06eH, CJIOBa
9TII IIOMOfJIII, II 51 6blJI crraceH; BII)l,HO, OH )l.YMaJI: B03bMY ero )l.06po, a 3aTeM
sce-TaKII HaTeIIIyCb Ha)l, HIIM.

11

BeJieJI OH rrpIIKOBaTb MeH51 K T51)l{eJIOM -

'f.H)l(eJIOll 11,errII, II T51)l{K0 rronrnyJIIICb OTHbIHe ).I.HM MOII.

11

rrpe-

B aTOll CKop6II cep).1,-

u;e IIO)l,CKa3aJIO CJIO)l(IITb rreCHb )l,aMe Moe:H:. MHOfIIM, IIO)l(aJiyli, IIOKa)l{eTC51
· y)l.HBIITeJibHblM, qTo 51 CJIO)l(IIJI HOBYIO rrecHb, Haxo)l.51Cb B TaKoli 6e)l.e; 51 )Ke
JIHIIIb IIOMHIIJI TY' KOTopyIO 51 II36paJI BJia)l,blqII11,e:l1: )l{II3HII Moeli.
B rrJieHy 51 rrpo6b1JI ro)l, II TPII He)l,eJIII. MHoro 51 rrepe)l(IIJI )l{YTKoro, He pa3
CMepTb CT051Jia rrpe)l,O MHoli; CKOJibKO pa3 TOT B rHeBe CBOeM 6pocaJIC51 Ha
MeH51 c HO)l{OM IIJIII MeqoM II e)l,Ba He y6IIBaJI MeH51.
Ho BOT IIMrrepaTop rrocTaBIIJI Ha)l. lliTIIpm~li rpa¢a MeliHrap)l.Ta. Kor)l,a
'll:eCTHOMY My)l{y CeMy coo6IIJ,IIJIII 0 MOeM IIJieHeHIIII, OH orreqaJIIIJIC51 B cep)l,11,e
CBOeM; 6eccTpanmo IIO)l,CTYIIIIJI OH co MHOfIIMII pb111,ap5IMII K <l>payaH6ypry II
OCB060)l.IIJI MeH51; B o6ecrreqeHIIe )l,OfOBOpa 51 )l,OJI)l{eH 6blJI OCTaBIITb )l.BYX CblHOBell ).I.a eIIJ,e )l.Byx )l.eTeli*. BrrocJie)l.CTBIIII 51 BblKYIIIIJI CBOM 6ypr; KaKoli 11,eHOIO -

yMoJiqy, JiyqIIIe IIOfOBOpIO 0 qeM-HII6y)l.b IIOBeceJiee. }fa6aBIIBIIIIICb OT

onacHOCTII, 51 OII51Tb CTaJI TeM, qeM 6bIJI rrpe)l{)l,e; MHOro IIOTepAA 51 )l.06pa, HO 'll:TO Ba)l{Hee -

*

51 BepHy JI ce6e rrpe)l{HIOIO )l{II3Hepa)l.OCTHOCTb II CTaJI CJiaraTb

T.e . .ll.Byx ,ZJ,oqepell:; cqttTaJIH o6bIKHOBeHHO TOJibKO MaJibqHKOB.

304
HOBbie necHII. Ho saxIIpeJia no,ll,.JIIIHHCUI pa,n:ocTb B IllTIIpIIII II ABcTPIIII, )KIIJIM
BCe TYCKJIO: 6ora~rn HeHaBIICTHff'IaJIJ:I II o6JI)KaJIM Ll:pyr Ll:pyra, ITOMbIIIIJI5HI
TOJibKO 0 rpa6e)Ke; cJiy)KeHMe )l;aMe IICCHKJIO; KTO MOJIO)Ke, nopoqHo pacToqaJIM
CBOe )l;06po: pas6oiinw1aTb CTaJIO JIM BilpIIBbiqKy, II XYLl:OH MM 6bIJI KOHeI.(.

V. MOHACTbIPb 11 LI;EPKOBb
N2 25. MoHamecKH:H ycraB
I. 0

BeHe~KTa

pa3JIH11HbIX BH,ZJ;ax MOHaXOB

KaK M3BeCTHO, cym;ecrnyeT qeTbipe BM)l;a MOHaxoB. Bo-nepBbIX, KMHOBMTbI, T.e.- 6paTMH MOHaCTblpCKCUI, )KJIBYll;CUI no ycTaBY II ITO)l; HaqaJIOM a66aTa.
3aTeM BTOpoii POLI: -

aHaxopeTbl, T.e. TaKIIe OTIIIeJibHMKII, KOTOpbie He c Ilbl-

JIOM MOJIO)l;Oro IIOCJIYIIIHIIKa, a MCIIbITaHHble )l;OJirIIM MOHaCTblpCKMM rrpe6bIBaHMeM HayqJIJIIICb, Ha yTeIIIeHIIe MHOrIIM, cpa)KaTbCH c )l;bHBOJIOM M, y)Ke
xopOIIIO HayqeHHbie II HacTaBJieHHbie, BbICTYIIIIB II3 6paTCKOro CTpOH Ha e)l;MHo6opcrno, B )l;o6poM yrroBaHIIII, OLl:HII, 6es noMep)KKII Koro-JIII6o, emrnoJIJiqHO II co6crneHHOpyqHO )l;OCTOMHO 6opIOTCH, c DO)KbeIO IIOMOll;bIO, rrpOTIIB BO)K)l;eJieHIIM IIJIOTII II MbICJIM.
TpeTIIM )Ke poll: MOHaxoB -

MepseiiIIIMe capa6aIITb1; OHM, KaK M3BeCTHO,

He IICKyIIIeHHble HIIKaKIIM ycTaBOM, He IICIIbITaHHbie HJiqbJIM yqJITeJibCTBOM,
IIO)l;06Ho 30JIOTY B ropHIIJie, HO, pa3MjlrqeHHbie, IIO)l;06Ho CBIIHizy, XpaHj{T BepHOCTb )l;eJiaM BeKa cero, a Bora o6MaHbIBaIOT CBOeii TOHsypoii; B)l;BOeM, BTpoeM
IIJIII BO)l;IIHOqKy, 6es rraCTblpH, )KIIBYT OHM He B foCIIO)l;HeM OBqapHe, a B CBOeii co6crneHHOM; saKOH IIX -

BeJieHIIe CTpaCTeii; qTO IIOMbICJIHT II IIO)KeJiaIOT,

TO MM II CBHTO; qTO He IIO HMM, TO He )l;03BOJieHO. l.JernepTbIM POLI: MOHaXOB 6poMqJie (gyrovagi), KOTOpbie BCIO )KII3Hb CBOIO KOpMHTCH B pa3HbIX MeCTaX,
OCTaBCUICb TPM JIM, qeTbipe JIM )l;HH; BeqHo OHM IIIaTaIOTCH, HIIr)l;e He oce)l;aIOT,
CJiy)Ka CTpaCTHM CBOIIM M IIOMaBCUICb co6Jia3HY o6)l{Opcrna; BO BCeM OHM em;e
xy)Ke capa6aIITOB; 0 BCeii CKBepHOCTHOM )KJI3HII Tex II Ll:pyrMx JiyqIIIe yMOJIqaTb, qeM rOBOpIITb.

V. 0
IlepBaH cTyrreHb CMIIpeHIIH -

nocJiymaHHH
6ecrrpeKOCJIOBHOe IIOCJIYIIIaHMe. CIIe Ha)l;-

Jie)KIIT BCeM, )l;JIH Koro HJiqero HeT i.lopo)Ke XpIIcTa. Pa,n:II CBHToro cJiy)KeHIIH,
KOTOpoe OHM o6em;aJIII, IIJIII pa)l;II CTpaxa reeHHbl, IIJIII pa)l;II CJiaBbl )KJI3HII
BeqHOM, OHM He )l;OJI)l{Hbl HII MrHOBeHIIH Me)l;JIIITb, pas qTO-JIM6o rrpMKa)KeT
CTapIIIIIM, KaK eCJIII 6bI 3TO rrpMKa3aJI caM 5or.

0

CIIX rOBOpIIT foCIIO)l;b:

305
CJiyxoM ymeii rroBHHOBa.JIC.H MHe~. OH )Ke roBopHT yl!eHHKaM CBOHM: ~CJiy, .aromnii Bae Me1rn cJiymaeT~.
lITaK, CHM, OCTaBHB HeMe,n;JieHHO BCe CBOe, OTKa3aBIIIHCb OT co6cTBeHHOM
'

JIM, BCKope OCBo6o,n:HB PYKH CBOH H OCTaBI:IB HeOKOH1:IeHHbIM samITHe CBOe,

~OCJIYIIIHOM CTOIIOM rrocrremaIOT ,n;eJiaMH CBOHMH sa rJiaCOM rrpHKasyromero,
TOlJHO B e,n;HHbIM MHr BeJieHne HaCTaBHHKa H HCIIOJIHeHHe y"lleHHKa ,n:pyroe, OKpbIJI.HeMoe CTpaxoM DO)KbHM, -

TO

COBeprnaeTC.H o,n;HoBpeMeHHO,

aH6b1CTpee.
Koro OXBaTHT JII060Bb K ,n:OCTH)KeHlIIO BelJHOM )KH3HH, Te H B3bIIII;YT ysKOfO
H (rroeJIHKY f ocITO,n;b roBopnT:

~ TeceH ITYTb, Be,n;ymnii B )Kl13Hb~ ), TaK l!TO,

ICHB.H He ITO CBOeMy XOTeHHIO H ITOBHHY.HCb He CBOHM CTpeMJieHH.HM HJIH BO)KAeJieHH.HM, Ho xo,n;.H

ITo,n;

-qy)Koii BOJieIO H BJiaCTbIO, )KHB.H B KHHOBH.HX [ o6me-

HTH.HX], )Ka)K,n;yT HMeTb Ha,n; co6oii a66aTa. TaKOBbie, 6es COMHeHH.H, ITO,n;pa' aIOT CJIOBaM f ocITo,n;a, fOBOp.Hmero:

~5I

He ITpHIIIeJI TBOpHTb BOJIIO Moro, HO

oro, KTo ITOCJia.JI MeH.H~. Ho caMoe ITocJiyrnaHne cne Tor.n;a 6y,n:eT yro,n;Ho
. ory H ITpH.HTHO JIIO,n;.HM, Kor,n:a ITOBeJieHHOe HCITOJIH.HeTC.H 6eCTpeITeTHO, 6esIIOTHO, 6esoTJiaraTeJibHO, peBHOCTHO H 6e30TBeTHO, n6o IIOCJIYIIIaHHe, OKarnaeMoe cTaprnnM, Bory B03,n:aeTc.H; Be,n;b cKasaHo: ~CJiyrnaromnii Bae MeH.H
.

yrnaeT~.

l1 ITOBHHOBaTbC.H y"lleHHKH ,n;OJI)l{Hbl c .HCHblM .n;yxoM, n6o

~,n:o6po­

' OTHO ,n;a10mero JII06HT Eor»-. Kor.n;a )Ke y-qeHHK ITOBHHyeTc.H He OT .n;yrnn H
·'

rrmeT XOTb He ycTaMH, a TOJibKO B cep.n:ue CBOeM, TO, H HCIIOJIHHB, He yro-

~eH OH 6y,n:eT focITo,n;y, BH.n;.HIII;eMy porrOT ero cep,n;ua, H TaKOBbIM HCIIOJIHeHHeM
e ,n;OCTHfHeT OH MHJIOCTH, HO ITO,n;rra,n;eT Kape, IIOJIO)KeHHOM sa pOIIOT, eCJIH He
HcrrpaBHTC.H H He HCKYIIHT BHHbl CBOeii.

VI. 0

MOJI'laHHH

Ey,n;eM rrocryrraTb ITO CJIOBaM rrpopoKa [Ilea.JI.

38, 2-3]:

~5I CKasa.JI: 6y,n:y

Ha6JIIO,n:aTb sa rryT.HMH MOHMH, lJT06bI He corpernaTb MHe .H3bIKOM MOHM; 6y,n:y
o6ys,n:hrnaTb ycTa Mon; .H 6bIJI HeM H 6esrnaceH H MOJilJa.JI ,n;a)Ke o .n;o6poM~. TaK
CBH,n;eTeJibCTByeT ITpopoK. ECJIH )Ke HHOr,n;a ,n:o6pbIX pe1:1:eii He CJie,n;yeT fOBOHTb pa,n;H MOJI"llaHH.H, TO TeM rra-qe Ha,n;Jie)KHT OTKa3aTbC.H OT .n:ypHbIX CJIOB
a.n;n CTpaxa rpexa.

A

rroceMy ,n;a)Ke ,n:o6pb1e, 6Jiaro-qecTHBbie H Has11,n;aTeJibHbie pe-q11 rrycTb

paspemaIOTC.H 11 COBeprneHHbIM y-qeH11KaM*' pa,n;H BeJIHKOM Ba)KHOCTH MOJI"'laHH.H, JIHIIIb H3pe,n:Ka, n6o CKa3aHo: ~Ilpn MHOfOCJIOBHH He MHHOBaTb rpe-

~a~, H eme: ~CMepTb 11 )KH3Hb -

BO BJiaCTH .H3bIKa~. l16o fOBOpHTb 11 110-

yqaTb ITPHJIHlJeCTByeT HacTaBHHKY' MOJI"llaTb )Ke H BbICJIYIIIHBaTb Ha,n;Jie)KHT
)"leHHKy ...

• T .e. MottaxaM, He rrocJiyruttttKaM.

306
VII. 0 cM11pemm
B3brnaeT K HaM, 6panrn:, CB. Ilrrcam1e: ~BcHKHR, B03BbilllaIOru;H:H caM

ce6H,

yHmKeH 6y,n:eT, a ymnKaIOill;IIR

yKa3yeT, l.J:TO

BCHKOe

ce6H B03BbICIITCH~.

caMOB03BbIIIIeHHe -

fOBOpH CHe, IlrrcaHHe

po.n: rop,n:oCTH; cero Ha,n:Jle:IKHT oc-

TeperaTbCH, KaK HaCTaBMeT rrpopoK, roBOpH: ~rocrro,n:JI, He Ha,n:MeBaJIOCb cep.n:u;e Moe II He B03HOCIIJIJ1Cb Ol.J:JI MOH, JI H He BXOAJIJI B BeJIJIKOe JI ,n:mI MeHH HeAOCHraeMoe. He CMHpHJI JllI H JI He ycnoKaHBaJI AYIIIJI Moe:H, KaK AIITHTJI, OTHHTOro OT rpy,n:H MaTepJI? ~
0TCIO,n:a, 6paTJIH, eCJIJI XOTIIM Mbl AOCTJl"llb BepIIIHHbl BbICIIIero CMHpeHIUI
JI CKOpo AORTJI .n:o Toro He6ecHoro B03HOIIIeHJIH, .n:o KOTOporo BOCXOAHT -qepe3
CMJ1peH1Ie B )KII3HII 3,n:enrne:H, TO B ,n:eJie HaIIIero BOCXO:IK,n:eHJIH AOJl:IKHa 6bITb
B03.UBJlrHyTa Ta JieCTHHIJ;a, KOTOpaH HBHJiaCb BO CHe 11aKOBY ...
11TaK, rrepBM cryrreHb CMJ1peHHH, Kor.n:a "lleJIOBeK, Bcer.n:a HMeH rrepe.n: co6010
CTpax Eo:IKHR, HIIKOJIJI He 3a6brnaeT 3TO, BCer.z:i:a IIOMHJIT Bee, l.J:TO 3aIIOBe,n:aJI focIIOLl:b ... [)laJiee: HY:IKHO 06y3,n:aTb CBOII

1) MbICJIJI, 2)

BOJIIO II

3)

XOTeHJle]. ..

lllecTM CTyrreHb CMJlpeHHH, eCJIJI MOHax OCTaeTCH AOBOJieH rrpJI BCHKOM
yTeCHeHJIJI JI KpaRHOCTJI, JI, l.J:TO 6bI eMy HII rrpJIKa3bIBaJIII, OH AOJI:IKeH Cl.J:HTaTb
ce6H He,n:OCTORHbIM II .z:i:ypHbIM JICIIOJIHJITeJieM, rGBOpH c rrpopoKOM: ~DbIJI H HeBe:IK,n:a JI He pa3yM:e11; KaK CKOT

6bm

H rrepe.n: To6o:H. Ho H Bcer.n:a c To6010~.

Ce.n:bMM CTyrreHb CMJ1peHJ1H, eCJIJI He TOJibKO Ha CJIOBax o6nHBJIT OH ce6H
HH:IKe JI xy:IKe Bcex, HO 6y,n:eT BepHTb 3TOMy B r11y6J1He cep.n:u;a CBOero, roBOpH c rrpopOKOM: ~51
H1Ie B

:IKe

-qepBb, a He l.J:eJIOBeK, IIOHOIIIeHJle y JIIO,n:e:H II rrpe3pe-

Hapo.n:e~ ....

JlecHTM CTyrreHb CMJlpeHJIH, eCJIJI He JierKO JI He 6bICTpO rrpe,n:aeTCH CMexy, H6o CKa3aHo: ~fJiyTibIR B CMexe B03BbIIIIaeT rOJIOC CBOR~.
0.n:HHHa,n:u;aTM cryneHb CMIIpeHmI, eCJIJI MOHax rGBOpHT MHrKO II 6e3 CMexa, CMHpeHHO, HO 3HalIHTeJibHO, rOBOpHT MaJIO II paccy.n:rrTeJlbHO II He rpoMOrnaceH B pelIH CBOe:H, rr6o CKa3aHo: ~My:IK 611aropa3yMHbIH npOHBJIHeT ce6H B
HeMHOrJIX CJIOBaX~

*.

llBeHa,n:u;aTM cTyneHb CMJlpeHHH, eCJIJI MOHax o6Hapy:IKHT CMHpeHHe nepe.n: BCeMH, CMOTpHill;IIMII Ha Hero, He TOJibKO .uyxoM, HO II TeJIOM, T.e. B ,n:eJie
EO:IKbeM, B xpaMe, B MOHaCTbipe, B ca,n:y, B rryTH, B IlOJie II r.n:e 6bI TO HII 6bIJIO,
CHM, II.ll:Yl.J:II II CTOH, nyCTb Bcer.n:a 6y,n:eT c HaKJIOHeHHOR rJiaBOR II ycTpeMJieHHbIMII B 3eMJIIO r Jia3aMH ...

XVI. KaK Ha ,a;Hro

c.Jiy)KHTb

Bory

foBopHT npopoK: ~CeMHKpaTHO B .n:eHb npocJiaBMIO Te6H~. 3TO ceMepH"l!HOe CBHill;eHHOe l.J:IICJIO HaMH IICITOJIHIITCH, eCJllI MbI 6y,n:eM COBepIIIaTb AOJir

*

YKa3attttoro TeKcTa

B

ByJihraTe tteT.

307
iHamero cJiyJKemrn: B 3ayTpemo, B 'lac nepBbIM, Tpeniii, 11iecToii, ,n:ec.HTbIM, B
nepByIO If BTopyIO BeqepM* ... 0 HO'IHOM )Ke cJiyJK6e TOT )Ke npopoK roBop1IT:
4B no.TIHO'lb BCTaBaJI CJiaBOCJIOBMTb Te6.H:;>.

A

noceMy ... If HO'-lbIO no,n:HMMeM-

CSI cJiaBocJioBMTb Ero.

XXX.

KaK HaKa3hIBaIOTCH MaJih11HKH MeHbmero aoapacTa

Bc.HKoMy B03pacTy M pa3yMy -

oco6JIMBb1e MepbI.

A

noceMy, ec.TIM MaJib-

'11HKH, no Ma.TIOJieTCTBy II.TIM no MaJIOMy pa3yMeHMIO, COBepmaT rpex, 3a KOT01pb1M ITOJiaraeTC.H OTJIY1IeHMe, TO MX ycMMp.HIOT CTpOrMMM nocrnMM, o6y3.ll:bIBaIOT T.H)KKMM Ce'leHMeM, ,n:a6b1 ncue.TIHJIMCb.

XXXII. 0

meJie3Hbix** H HHhIX aem;ax MOHaCTbipH

IIycTb a66aT H3 MOHaCTbipcKoro JKe.Tie3a, o,n:eJK,n:bI If.TIM MHbIX Be111e:i1: pa3,;naeT TeM 6paTb.HM, B 6.TiaroHpaBHOM )Kif3HM KOTOpbIX OH yBepeH, If nyCTb 060,sHa'IMT OH TO'IHO, no CBOeMy ycMOTpeHHIO, 'ITO HYJKHO coxpaHMTb If BepHyTb.

fl

nycTb a66aT Be,n:eT 3TOMY cnHCOK, 1IT06bI OH -

tJ>a6oTe -

re

xorn: 6paTb51 If MeHJllOTC.H B

3Ha.TI, 'ITO ,n:aHO If 'ITO o6paTHO IIOJIY1IeHO.

A

KTO Heonp.HTHO If.TIM

~ile6peJKHO 6y,n:eT 06pa111aTbC.H c MOHaCTblpCKIIMH Be111aMM, HaKa3bIBaeTc.H; ec.TIM
MCnpaBMTC.H, no,n:BeprHeTC.H HaKa3aHIIIO no ycTaBy.

't·•

'

XXXIII.

,lloJimHhI JIH MoHaxH HMeTh

KaKyIO-HH6y,n;h co6CTBeHHOCTb
Oco6.TIIIBO aTOT nopoK HYJKHO c KOpHeM BbipBaTb II3 MonacTbip.H. qT06bI
.1"HKTO He CMe.TI 'ITO-JIII6o ,ZJ;aBaTb II.Till npHHMMaTb 6e3 6.TiaroCJIOBeHH.H a66aTa,
; HJIII MMeTb 'ITO-JIH6o B BH,ZJ;e co6CTBeHHOCTH' HlIKaKOH Boo6111e BCIIIM HM KHH-

~'

'}

HH AOIIIe'-IKM ):(JI.H IIHCbMa, HM rpmpeJIJl, HM Boo6111e 1Iero-JIH6o.

XXXIX. 0

KOJIH11ecTae IIHID;H

~-

Ilo.TiaraeM AOCTaTO'IHbIM AJI.H eJKe,ZJ;HCBHOH e,ZJ;bl KaK B 6-:i1:, TaK lI B 9-H

~a

rop5I1IHX 6.TIIO):(a AOCTaTO'IHbl ):(JI5I BCeii 6panrn, 6y):(e )Ke CJiy1IaTC5I 516.TIO-

~acb1*** BO Bee MCC.HUbI, no ,ZJ;Ba rop.H1IHX 6.TIIO):(a, pa,ZJ;M 6oJie3HCHHOCTM MHOpx, ):(a6bI, CC.TIM KTO-HH6YAb He MO)KCT eCTb O,ZJ;HO, OH nMTaJIC.H ApyrMM. lfraK,

l(H II.Till OBOIIIH, TO npII6aBJI.HeTC5I H TpeTbe. cDyHTa XJie6a BeCOBoro )J;OJIJKHO
~
• 3ayTpem1 - B TPII 'Iaca yTpa; 'lac rrepBbIM - 5 'lac. yTpa; lJ:ac TpeTIIM ·~,uecTOM - 11 'I.; J],eB5ITbIM - 2 'I. J],H»; Bellep» - 4 'I.; BTOpa» Bellep» - 6 lJ:ac .

8 'I.;

.... JKeJie3o - peJ],'IaMIIIHI1 npeAMeT. Jla)Ke B XI B. rroaT (Robert Wace), BOCXBaJI»»
. 3orracttocTh BO BJiaJJ,eHIIHX repu,ora PoJIJIOHa HopMattcKoro, roBopIIT: dlycTh HIIKTO
~e CHIIMaeT )KeJie3a c COIIIHIIKa II He CKpbrnaeT ero B 6op03J],aX II He YHOCIIT J],OMOM,
,onacaHCb BOpOBCTBa~.
r ..... T.e. 11 IIJIII 12 lJ:aCOB II 2 IIJIII 3 'Iaca )l,HH.

308
xBaTMTb Ha ,ll;eHb, 6y,Z1;eT JIM O,ll;Ha TpaITe3a MJIM 3aBTpaK c 06e,Z1;0M. Ec11M IT011araeTcH o6e,Z1;, TO M3 TOro )l(e cpyHTa TpeTb511laCTb y,Z1;ep)l(MBaeTC5I KeJiapeM M51
pa3,ll;a1lM 06e,Z1;aIO:W:MM. EcJIM CJIY1lMTC51 60Jibllla51 pa6orn, TO OT BJiaCTM M 611aroycMOTpeHM5I

a66ama

3aBMCMT, 6y,Z1;e HY)l(HO, ITpM6aBMTb, Ho M36eraH, ITa11e

scero, 06be,Z1;eHbH; ,Z1;a6b1 HMKOr,ll;a Hecsape1rne He Kaca11ocb MOHaxa, M6o HM11To CTOJib He ITPOTMBHO xpMCTMaHMHY' KaK o6be,ll;eHbe. Ilo CJIOBaM f OCITO,ll;a
Harnero: ~CMoTpMTe )l(e 3a co6oii:, 11To6b1 cep,Z1;u:a sarnM He OTHr'laJIMCb 06be-

,Z1;eHbeM~ ... OT e,ll;bl )l(e M51Ca 11eTBepOHOrMX ITYCTb BCe M BCer,ll;a B03,ll;ep)l(MBaIOTC51, KpOMe COBeprneHHO c11a6bIX M 60JibHblX.

XI. 0

KOJIH'lecTee BHHa

... II011araeM ITOJIMepKII* BIIHa .ll:OCTaT011HoM: Ha ,ll;eHb ,ll;JIH Ka)l(,ll;Oro. KoMy
)l(e focITO,ll;b ,ll;aeT CliJIY B03,ll;ep)l(aHli51, Te ITYCTb Be,ll;aIOT, 1lTO 6y,Z1;eT liM oco6JlliBa51 M3,ll;a [Ha He6ecax]. EcJili )l(e yc110BM5I MeCTHOCTli, IIJili TH)l(eJibIM Tpy.ll:,
liJIM JieTHliR 3HOR IIOTpe6yroT 6oJiblllero, TO ,ll;aBaTb no ycMOTpeHliIO a66arn,
co611ro,Z1;aH sc5111ecKM, 11To6b1 He .ll:OlllJIO .ll:O ITpecbI:W:eHli51 M ITbHHCTBa. K0He11Ho,
Mbl 1lliTaJili, 1lTO ITMTb BliHO -

He MOHarnecKOe ,ll;eJIO, HO TaK KaK B Halllli Bpe-

MeHa y6e,ll;liTb B 3TOM MOHaxOB HeJib351, Mbl corJiaCliJIMCb XOT51 6bI Ha TOM, 1lT06bl He ITliTb ,ll;O ITpeCbI:W:eHli51, a yMepeHHO, 1160 ~BHHO pa3Bpa:w:aeT Ii pa3yM-

HblX~. Ec1111 )l(e ITO yc11os11HM MecTHOCTII HeJib351 .ll:OCTaTb BbirneyKa3aHHoro
KOJIH'leCTBa, a MHOro MeHbllle HJIH COBCeM HH1lero, TO ITYCTb o6IITaro:w:IIe TaM
611aroc110BJI5IIOT focrro,ll;a M He porrm:yT, ITaMHTYH ITpe)l(,ll;e scero, 1lTO Ha,ll;Jle)l(IIT
HM 6bITb 6e3pOilOTHbIMli.

XLIII. 0
I1pa3,ll;HOCTb -

e'1Ce,Z1;HeBHbIX

TPY,Z1;ax

spar .ll:YlllH, a ITOCeMy B orrpe,ll;eJieHHoe speMH 6paTb51

,ll;OJI)l(HbI 6bITb 3aHHTbI TPY.ll:OM TeJieCHbIM, B .ll:pyroe )l(e speMH TeJibHbIM 1lTeHMeM.

A

.ll:yrnecnacM-

ITOCeMy C1lMTaeM HY)l(HbIM pacnpe,Z1;eJIMTb TO 11 .ll:pyroe

speMH TaK, 1lT06b1 OT Ilacx11 .ll:O 1-ro OKTH6pH, Bbiii:,ll;51 paHo, c qaca ITepsoro**
M IT01lTM ITO qeTBepTbIR, OHM pa6oTaJIM, 1lTO 6y,Z1;eT HY)l(HO; c qeTBepToro )l(e
11aca M BITJIOTb .ll:O rnecToro ITYCTb c11yrnaroT 1lTeHMe***. IIoc11e rneCToro )l(e
qaca, ITO,ll;H51BlllHCb OT CTOJia, rrycTb OT,ll;OXHYT Ha JIO)l(aX CBOMX ITPH IIOJIHOM
MOJI'laHmI; 6y,Z1;e )l(e KTO 3axoqeT 1lHTaTb ,ll;JIH ce651, ITYCTb 1lHTaeT TaK, 1lT06b1
He 6ecnoKOMTb ,ll;pyroro. qac ,ll;eB51TbIR COBeprnaeTCH paHbllle, B IlOJIOBHHe BOCbMOro qaca, 11 BTOpH1lHO nycTb pa6oTaIOT, 1lTO Hy)l(HO, ,ll;O Be11epM. ECJIH )l(e MeCTHbie ycJIOBHH liJIM 6e,ll;HOCTb ITOTpe6yroT' 1lT06bI OHM caMM 3aH51JIHCb c6opoM

* T.e. rroJiceKCTapIDI; ceKcTapHii: paBett 0,89 6yTbIJIKH.
** CqeT ~qacoB~ CM. B rrpHMeq. K rJI. XVI.
*** TaK tta3. lectiones.

309
0,ll;OB, ,na He oropqaIOTCH, II6o Tor.n;a OHII BOIICTIIHY MOHaXII, 6y.n;e )l(HBYT
y,noM pyK CBOIIX, KaK OTIJ;bl Hanm II aITOCTOJibl. Bee )Ke pa60Tbl ITYCTb Ha'laIOTCH ToqHo M3-3a MaJIO.ZJ;YIIIHbIX.
,

OT 1-ro OKTH6pH
OTb

.n;o

.n;o

HaqaJia qeTbipe.n;ecHTHMIJ;bI ITYCTb cJiyrnaIOT qTeHMe

Mcxo.n;a BTOporo qaca. Bo BTopoii )Ke qac MCITOJIHHeTCH cJiy)l(6a qaca

. Thero, M

.n;o

.n;eBHTOro qaca ITYCTb Bee pa6oTaIOT CBOe .n;eJIO, KaKOe MM yKa-

T. IlpM ITepBOM )Ke y.n;ape K .n;eBHTOMy qacy ITYCTb BC5IKHH OTpbrnaeTC5I OT
60Tbl M )l(.ZJ;eT, ITOKa y.n;apHT BO BTOpoii pa3. IlocJie )Ke TpaITe3bl ITYCTb CJiyT qTeHMe IIJIII ITOIOT ITCaJIMbl.
:',

B .ZJ;HM )Ke qeTbipe.n;ecHTHMIJ;bI c yTpa M BITJIOTb
rnaIOT qTeHMH, a [3aTeM] BITJIOTb

.n;o

.n;o

.n;ecHTOro -

TpeThero qaca ITYCTb

pa6oTaIOT, qTO MM ITpM-

YT. B 3TM ,n:HM qeTbipe.n;ecHTHMIJ;bI ITYCTh Bee ITOJiyqaT II3 6M6JIIIOTeKM ITO
Hre, KOTopyIO M qMTaIOT ITO ITOpH.n;Ky, u;eJIMKOM; KHMfM 3TII BbI.ZJ;aBaTb B Hae qeTbipe.n;ecHTHMIJ;bI. IIycTb 6y.n;yT TaK)l(e ITpMcTaBJieHbI o.n;MH MJIM .n;Ba
apu;a 06XO.ZJ;HTb MOHaCTblpb B qacbI, KOf.ZJ;a 6paTHH ITpMJie)l(IIT qTeHHIO, M
OTpeTb, qTo6bI KTO-JIM6o M3 6paTbeB He BITaJI B YHbIHMe, ITpe.n;aBaHCb ITpaOCTM MJIM ITpa3.ZJ;HOCJIOBIIIO, M, He ITPMJie)l(a qTeHMIO, He 6bIJI 6bI He TOJib6ecITOJie3eH ce6e caMoMy, HO M Bpe.n;eH .n;pyrMM ...

TY

11

.n;a He XO)l;MT 6paT K

B HeyKa3aHHbie qacbI. B .n;eHb )Ke BocKpecHbIH ITYCTb ITpMJie)l(aT qTeHMIO

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11

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310
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AJIJI lICIIOMeIUeHIIJI IIX yroBOpIIJI a66arn MOHaCTblpJI o6MeHJITb

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BoT, 6paTIIe, II3JIO)KeHbI BaM npII1IIIHbI, rroqeMy Bbl BJia.n:eeTe 3eHKOBIIT.J:aMII. Ho TaK KaK Mbl HaIIIICaJIII CIIe, TO no;::i:o6aeT CKa3aTb HaM II 0 TaMOIIIHeii:
.n:ecJITIIHe II ee c6ope. Ha11IIHaeTcH paccKas o .n:ecJITIIHe c 3eHKOBIIT.J:eii:.
[ 0THOCIITeJibHO BeJIII1IIIHbl ;::i:ecHTIIHbl 6bIJIO corJiaIIIeHIIe Me)KJ..(y enIICKOITOM
BpecJiaBJibCKIIM II Al:rb6epToM, rroqeMy qacTb .n:ecJITIIHbI, rra.n:aBrneii: Ha MoHaCTbipcKIIe BJiaJ..(eHIIJI B 3eHKOBII1IaX, BHOCIIJiaCb MOHaCTblpeM He rrpJIMO errIICKorry, a Al:rb6epry].
Ilo CMepTM Al:rb6epTa CbIHOBbH ero ... CTaJIII fOBOpIITb, 1ITO 3TO ITJiaTe)K He
.n:ecJITIIHbl, a ueHsa.

A

rroceMy CTapIIIIIH Me)K.n:y HIIMII, 3JIOH TIIpaH, HeO;:J;HO-

KpaTHO yTeCHJIJI MOHacTbipb. Kor.n:a )Ke OH yMIIpaJI, To, )KeJiaJI oKasaTb focrro.n:y Bory BeJIIIKOe IIOCJiyrnaHIIe, OH OTKa3aJICJI OT ueH3a. Ho Bbl, 6paTIIe, II
HbIHe )KIIBYIUIIe, II 6y.n:yiuIIe, 3Haihe, 1.J:TO HIIKOMy II HIIKOr.n:a HII c 3TOfO BJia;::i:eHIIH, HII c IIHOfO KaKoro-JIII6o Bbl He J..(OJI)KHbl IIJiaTIITb ueHsa, a TOJibKO .n:eCJITIIHY B 3eHKOBII1IaX .n:a eiue KOe-r.n:e.

* T.e. OTnpaBHJICH B KpecTOBbIH noxo,ri;.
** T.e. rnrnp (1241 r.).
*** Hbrne Kaubitz.
**** IloKynKa cKa30'IHO ,ri;erneBaH: 30 cepe6pHHbIX MapoK 3a 30 MattcoB 3eMJIH, T.e.
BceMepo ,ri;erneBJie o6hI'IHOH u:eHhI.

315
BoT

Ha'IHHaeTcH paccKaa 06 o6MeHe c MHxaHJIOM Ha HHKOJiaeBH'leii:*

Cpe,LJ;If MHOfHX HaITaCTeiI, KOTOpbie B pa3Hble BpeMeHa ITOCJie HallleCTBlUI
noraHbIX ITOCTlffJIH MOHaCTblpb, 6bIJIO M TO, qTo HeKHH M11xa11JI ... 6bIJI coceAOM MOHaCTblp.H ... M11xaMJI 3TOT' qaCTO .n:oca)K.n:aBIIIHH MOHaCTbipIO, HCITOMeCTHJI Ha BO~MHe CBOeiI HeMu;eB, a rroceMy c Tex rrop )KeHIIJ;MHbl M .n:eByIIIKM ITO
npa3.LJ:HMKaM OKOJIO HaIIIMX CTeH BO.LJ:MJIM xopoBO.LJ:bI. BM.LJ:.H CMe, a66aT Toro
BpeMeHM DO.LJ:OH, MCIIOJIHMBIIIMCb BeJIMKOH rreqaJIM, fOBOpMJI B cep.n:u:e CBOeM:
•EcJIM 3TM xopoBO.LJ:bI 3.zi:ecb yrnep.LJ:.HTC.H M BOH.LJ:YT B o6brqaiI, TO co BpeMeHeM
MO)KeT ITPOM30HTH BeJIHKaH ITorn6eJib .LJ:YIII B MOHaCTbipe ceM~.

A

rroceMy, .n:a6bI

Y.LJ:aJIHTb co6Jia3H OT MOHaCTbip.H, OH qacTO M MHOro fOBOpMJI c yKa3aHHbIM
MMxaHJIOM 06 o6Mette BJia.n:ettniI.
[Metta COCTO.HJiaCb, a HeMeU:KHe KOJIOHHCTbI 6bIJIH Y.LJ:OBJiernopeHbI oco6o:
HM 3arrJiaTHJIH 3a 3eMJIIO, MeJIHOpau:rrn, IIOCTpOHKH, HHBeHTapb].
PaccKa3 0

r JiaM:60BH'lax* *

... B .n:peBHHe BpeMeHa, rrprr repu:ore fettpnxe, tte.n:aJieKo OT cero Jieca CM. .zteJI HeKHM pb1u;apb no nMeHH CTe¢att, a ITO ITp03BHIIJ:Y Ko6bIJib.H foJioBa***.
Ce:H caMhr:H CTe¢att rrocJie cMepTH rocrro.n:ntta HnKOJia.H* * * *, rro.n:6MJI tteKnx
KpeCTb.HH, KOTOpbie rrp03bIBaJIIICb IlnpBOlllOBIIqaMH, '1TOObl OHM y repu:ora IIC• npocHJIH ce6e Jiec fJiaM60Bn:q11.

A

TaK KaK KpecTbHHe 3TH 6hIJIH JIIO.LJ:H repu:ora,

.• 6oraTbie (OHM Be.LJ:b 6bIJIH HaCJie.LJ:HbIMH .n:ep)KaTeJI.HMII 3eHKOBIIqe:H), TO OHM
CKa3aJIII repu:ory: ~rocrro.n:nttl Jlec ce:H OTHHT y Hae ttaCIIJibCTBeHHO HoTapn. eM TBOIIM, fOCIIO.LJ:IIHOM HHKOJiaeM. MbI )Ke, eCJIII Ha TO 6y.n:eT TBO.H MIIJIOCTb,
,ltOJI)KHbI BJia.n:eTb HM no rrpaBy HaCJie.n:crna: Be.LJ:b .n:peBHHM fJiaM6 6bIJI e.n:nHOyTpo6HbIM 6paTOM .n:e.n:a HaIIIero IlnpBOIIIa*****~. fepu:or IIOBepHJI HM, KaK

l JIIO.LJ:.HM CBOHM, II OTH.HJI JieC y MOHaCTblp.H H .LJ:aJI ero TeM KpecTb.HHaM.

t cpatt

A

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Ko6bIJib.H foJioBa, BH.LJ:H, qTo XHTpocTb ero y.n:aJiacb, rrpnCTyrrnJI K rep-

: n:ory H rro.n:apHJI eMy 6oesoro KOH.H, KOTOpbIM rrpH .LJ:BOpe ou;eHeH 6bIJI B

28

MapoK cepe6pa. fepu:or OXOTHO rrpIIH.HJI KOH.H II CKa3aJI CTe¢atty: ~3a TBOIO
JII06oBb 11 TBOM .n:ap rrpocII, qTo xoqeIIIb~. YcJibIIIIaB 3TO, CTe¢att rroqTnTeJibHo II pa.n:ocTHO o6panIJIC.H K repu:ory co CJIOBaMH: ~rocrro.n:HH MOM, Te6e BeAOMO, CKOJib OXOTHO H Te6e CJIY)Ky, HO BJia.LJ:eHH.H MOH CKY.LJ:HbI.

A rroceMy

rrpo-

1my Te6.H, .n:a6bI H Mor JiyqIIIe CJIY)KlITb Te6e, fOCilO.LJ:IIHY MOeMy' Y.LJ:OCTOM MeH.H
i llO)KaJIOBaHHeM Jieca, KOTOpbIM TOJlbKO qTO OTOIIIeJI K Te6e~. y CJibIIIIaB 3TO,
• .l(epeBHH HbIHe He cyrn.ecrnyeT. Ilo KOHTeKCTY BH.[lHO, 'ITO OHa 6bIJia COBCeM PH.llOM c
MOHaCTbipeM.
.
.. Jlec, CTOHilJ,HH II IIOHbIHe y MOHaCTblpH.
• • • Cobylaglova; oTcro.n;a II HbIHe .n;epeBHH Kobelau.

•••• T.e. 30/XI 1227 r.
***** IlttpBOIII (Pirwoszl -

~rrepBbIH>.>, T.e. rrepBbIH 3aceJibHllK 3TOfO KpaH.

316
repu:or Be.Jle.JI n03BaTb BbIIIIeynoWIHyrI>IX KpeCTMIH II nO)l(aJIOBa.TI CTe<t>aHa BbIIIIeyKa3aHHbIM JieCOM.
TaKIIM o6pa30M OTOIIIeJI OT Hae 3TOT JieC B rrepBbIM ro.n: nocJie CMepTII rocIIO,AIIHa HIIKOJia.51. Bb111IettasBaHHbIM CTe<Patt BJia,AeJI tteKoTopoe BpeM.SI 3TIIM
JieCOM, a 3aTeM CTa.TI rrpe.n:JiaraTb ero B npo.n:a)l(y pa3HbIM JIIIU:aM, II6o OH tty)l(.n:a.n:c51 II B TO BpeM.SI BOBCe He .n:opO)l(IIJI BJia,AeHIIeM-IIYCTOIIIblO. iKIIJI B TO Bpe-

M.SI B KaMettu;e* tteKIIM HacTO.SITeJib no IIMeHII BIIHU:eHT ... EMy CTe<Patt II npe.n:JIO)l(IIJI Jiec f JiaM60Bffl:III, HO OHbIM HaCTO.SITeJib, MY)!( npecTapeJibIM II nOlJ:TeHHbIM, He 3aXOTeJI JIIIIIIIITb HaIII MOHaCTblpb Toro Jieca.

11

IIOCJia.TI OH K HaIIIeMy

a66ary rottu;a no 3TOMy nOBOAY' COBery.SI eMy KaKIIM 6bI TO HII 6bIJIO cnoco6oM
BblKYIIIITb 3TOT JieC AJI.SI CBOero MOHaCTblp.SI. YsHaB CIIe, a66aT HaIII co6cTBeHHOJrlilJHO OTrrpaBIIJIC.SI K BIIttu;ettry II cKasa.n::

~KoJIII

51 KYTIJIIO 3TOT Jiec, .SIB.HTC.SI

IIOTOM CTe<t>aHOBbl HaCJie,AHIIKII II no IIOJibCKOMy npaBy noTpe6yIOT ero o6paT-

HO~. Ho TOT oTBeTIIJI: ~HIIKOIIM o6pasoM. Otto, KOHe1IHO, TaK, OT1Ie: II3,AaBHa IIOBeJIOCb y OTU:OB II .n:e.n:oB HaIIIIIX, 1ITO KOJIII KTO-JIII6o TIJieMeHII nOJibCKOro
npo.n:acT KaKyIO-JIH6o CBOIO BOTlJIIHY' TO HaCJie,nHIIKII MoryT ee BnOCJie,ACTBIIII
BbIKynIITb. Ho, 6bITb MO)l(eT, Bbl, HeMU:bI, He COBCeM T01IHO 3HaeTe, 1ITO TaKoe
BOTlJIIHa. 1 ho6bI Bbl .SICHO nOH.SIJIII, .SI BaM pa3b.SICHIO. EcJIII .SI BJia,AeIO qeM-JIIIOO,
1ITO OCTaBIIJIII MHe B HacJie,ACTBO .n:e.n: II OTeu;, 3TO II eCTb no,AJIIIHHO MO.SI BOT1IIIHa. EcJIII .SI ee KOMy-JIII6o npo.n:a.n:, MOII HaCJie,AHIIKII, no npaBy HaIIIeMy,
MOryT BepHYTb ee. BJia,AeHIIe )Ke, KOTOpbIM nO)l(aJIOBa.TI MeH.SI repu:or 3a CJIY)l(6y MOIO II BepHOCTb, 51 Mory npo,naTb KOMY yro.n:tto, .n:a)l(e BOITpeKII )l(eJiaHIIIO
MOIIX npIICHbIX, II6o TaKoe BJia,AeHIIe MOII HaCJie,AHIIKII He IIMeIOT npaBa Tpe6oBaTb o6paTHO.

A

noceMy, TaK KaK .n:ono.n:JIIIHHO II3BeCTHO, 1ITO ynoMHHJTbIM

JieC f JiaM60BII1IH He 6bIJI II He eCTb BOTlJHHa CTe<Patta, a nO)l(aJIOBaHIIe repu:ora, Bbl MO)l(eTe ee cnOKOMHO II 6es60513HeHHO KynIITb, He onaCa51Cb, 1ITO KaKOMJIII6o HacJie,AHIIK CTe<Patta HMeeT IIJIII 6y,neT IIMeTb npaBo o6paTHOro BbIKyna,
eCJIII TOJibKO B BaIIIeM MOHaCTbipe eCTb II 6y.n:yT JIIO,AII, KOTOpble cyMeIOT B .n:aHHOM cJiyqae OTCTO.SITb ce6.SI no nOJibCKOMY npaBy~.
BoT II pasyMeiITe, 6paTIIe, H3 cero paccy)l(.n:eHII.SI, KaK BaM HM06Ho .n:ep)l(aTb oTBeT HacJie,nHIIKaM CTe<Patta Ko6bIJibeii foJIOBbI
Y CJibIIIIaB TaKy10 pe1Ih, rocno.n:IIH a66aT KynIIJI y CTe<Patta Ko6blJibeiI
f oJIOBbl BbIIIIeynoM.SIHJTbIM JieC 3a

28

MapoK cepe6pa B Be1IHOe BJia,AeHIIe MO-

HaCTblpIO. IlocJie 3TOM noKynKII, Kor.n:a CTe<Patt nepe.n: JIIIU:OM repu:ora .n:oJI)l(eH 6bIJI OTKa3aTbC.SI OT Jieca B nOJib3Y MOHaCTblp.SI, rocno.n:IIH HaIII repu:or,
rocy.n:apb .n:aJibHOBIIAHbIM II 6oro6o.SI3HeHHbIM, cKasaJI CTe<Patty: ~JKeJiaeM,
1IT06bI CIIe 6bIJIO KpenKO II HaBeKII.

y 3HaM

)Ke, 1ITO Jiec ceiI npe)l(.n:e, B CIIJIY

Moero IlO)l(aJIOBaHII.SI, npIIHa,AJie)l(aJI rocno.n:1my HIIKOJiaIO, KOTOpbIM BCe CBOII

*

BepcTax B 20 K IOry OT fettpMXOBa.

317
BJia,zJ,eHIUI c Moero pa3perneHIUI 3aKpemIJI 3a MOHaCTbipeM feHpMXOBOM. 11.n;M
)l(e II npe.n;o MHOIO II MOMMM 6apoHaMM OTKaJKMCb B nOJib3Y MOHaCTblpH OT Toro,
'ITO II npe)K.n;e npMHa,zJ,Jie)KaJIO eMy' a rocno.n;MH a66aT BepHeT Te6e KOHH TBOero, T.e. CTOJibKO .n;eHer, BO CKOJibKO OH 6bIJI ou:eHeH TOr.n;a, a MMeHHO

28

Ma-

poK*~. Kor.n;a CTe¢aHy Ko6bIJiheii foJioBe BpyqeHbI 6hIJIM TYT )Ke .n;eHhrM,
repu:or CKa3aJI: ~rocno.n;a 6apoHbI II Bce Bbl, 3.n;ech npMcyTcrny10mMe, 3HaiiTe,
'1110 CTe¢aH, rpexoB CBOMX pa,n,M, BOCCTaHOBMJI II BepHyJI MOHaCTblpIO feHpMXOBY Jiec CBOM f JiaM6oawm, KOTOpbIM BJia,zJ,eJI He no npaBy' XOTH II no HallleMY
IlO)KaJIOBaHMIO, M60 JieC cell: [y)Ke] npe)K,Zl;e 6bIJI co6crneHHOCTblO MOHaCTblpH~.

N2

0

27. B.JI~eHIDI MOHaCThlp.H

npe.n;eJiax 6eHe¢MIJ.Mii cero <l>yJih.n;eHcKoro MoHaCTbipH, KaK MbI Y3Ha-

eM M3 HeKMX CBM,ll;eTeJibCTB .n;peBHMX II KaK HaXO,ll;MM B MCTMHHOM npe.n;aHMM
HeKMX 3anMcei1: MHOroBeKOBOM .n;peBHOCTM, Me)K.n;y co6oi1: He pa3HCTBYIOiu:MX.
B npoBMHIJ.MM CaKCOHMM cell: MoHaCTbipb MMeJI TPM TbICHqM MaHCOB. 113
HHX ,ll;OJl)l(Hbl 6bITb Ha,zJ,eJieHbl 6eHe¢MIJ.MHMM rneCTb MMnepCKMX KHH3ei1:, TaK
. 'IT06bI Ka)K,Zl;blll MMeJI no nHTbCOT MaHCOB. Ho, 0 rope! MHOM KHH3b, no6y)K.n;aeMblll )Ka,ll;HOCTbIO, KOTOpaH HMKor.n;a He qyBcrnyeT ce6H y.n;oBJiernopeHHOM,
BJia,zJ,eeT 6oJiee qeM TpeMH TbICHqaMM MaHCOB! 11, MaJIO Toro, BJieqeHHbie aJiqHOM )Ka,zJ,HOCTbIO CBbillle Mepbl, KHH3bH, ,ll;OMOfaHCb II pa3MHYB rraCTb, BTOpraJ)TCH B CBHIIJ.eHHbie noMeCTbH, BO)K,ll;eJieIOT IIOfJIOTMTb ,Zl;OXO,ll;bl 6paTMM, CBOeBOJibHO, He no rrpaBy 6epyT u:epKOBHbie .n;ecHTMHbl, rrpMCBaMBaIOT ce6e JIIO.n;eii
CB. EoHM¢au;MH II BblKOJiaqMBaIOT M3 HMX u:eH3, KaKOM TOJlbKO XOTHT. TBopH
CHM II rro.n;o6Hble .n;eJia, OHM HBJIHIOTCH He peBHMTeJIHMM, HO fOHMTeJIHMM MOHaCTblpH; HaBJieKaH Ha ce6H TH)KeCTb anoCTOJibCKOro OTJiyqeHMH II nocTyrraH
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·

B npoBMHIJ.MM T10pnHrMM <l>y Jih.n;eHCKHii MOHaCTbipb MMeJI TPM TbICHqM

MaHCOB. 113 HMX ,Zl;OJI)l(Hbl 6bITb Ha.n;eJieHbl 6eHe¢HIJ.MHMM rneCTb MMnepCKMX
IOUl3ei1:, TaK qT06bI Ka)K,Zl;bIH MMeJI no IIHTbCOT MaHCOB. Ho, 0 rope!. .. (II T . .n;.)
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KpoMe CMX KHH3e:H, Ha,zJ,eJieHHbIX 6eHe¢MIJ.HHMH, ecTb eme BeJIMKOe MHOacecrno repu:oroB, MapKrpa¢oB, n¢a.llbIJ.rpa¢oB, rpa¢oB, ¢onoB, cy.n;e:H II
npoqMx KHH3e:H caKCOHCKHX, recceHCKMX, TIOpMHreHCKMX, ¢paHKOHCKMX, aJIJieMaHCKMX, ¢pM3CKMX, JIOTapMHfCKMX II .n;pyrMX npOBHHIJ.IIM, KHH3e:H M rocno.n;, Ha,zJ,eJieHHbIX 6eHe¢MIJ.MHM11 113 BJia,zJ,eHMH CBHTOfO EoHM¢aIJ.11H, KOH, KaK

DpllJI~ecrnyeT' xpaIUIT BepHOCTb 11 npe.n;aHHOCTb CeMY MOHaCTblpIO II a66aTaM

II 6paT11M, ycep.n;Ho cJiy)Kaiu;MM B HeM Eory.

• H TaK, a66aT eme He 3arnrnTHJI ycJioBJiettttoil cyMMbI.

318
11

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mm AJUI co6Jia3Ha, HO rryCTb pa3MbICJIIIT, qTO IICTIIHHO TO, qTo CKa3aJII1 Mbl.
Pa3Be JiaH,a;rpacp II CbIH KOpOJI.H KoHpa,a;a He CT.H:JKaJIII ce6e 6eHecpIIU:lIII MHo:JKecrna KAA3eiI -

II Bee ern,e He CbITbI? Ilo,a;o6HbIM

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rropa:JKeHHbie He,a;yroM aJiqHOCTlI, Bcer,a;a pa3eBaIOT rracTh, ~06bI HaCblTIITb CBOIO
:JKati:HOCTb.

11,

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yKa3aMI1 KopoJieiI 11 11MrreparnpoB noopy:JKeHo c11e co6paHIIe nepy10rn,11x My:JKeiI,
lI CBepx Toro, CKOJib BeJilIKlIMlI 6JiarOCJIOBeHH.HMlI errlICKOIIOB, apxIIeIIIICKOIIOB,
Kap,a;lIHaJIOB II rrpoq11x CB.HTbIX My:JKeiI OCB.HIIJ,eHa CH.H 0611TeJib, -

CKa:JKeM, qTo

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He o6pecrn: neqHoro rrpoKJI.HTHH, OT Hero

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NQ 28. 3aKJiaµ;hl MOHaCTl>IplO (1236 r.)
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rrpe,a;cTaJI rrepe,a; HaMII rroqTeHHbIH 3IIrcpp11,a;, a66aT MayJib6poHHCK11iI*, 11
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qTo, a66aTaM UMcTepu:11aHcKoro lIJIII IIHOro op,a;eHa, TO rropyqeHHOe 11Myrn,eCTBO AOJI)KHO 6bITb BbI,a;aHo lIJilI B03Bparn,eHO TOJibKO TOMY' KTO ero BpyqIIJI
IIJllI TOMy, KOMy OH caM JIJiqHo BeJilIT BbI,a;aTb ...

NQ 31. Stabat Mater**
fopbKO IIJiaqa II pbIJJ;aH,
IIpeJJ;cTOHJrn B coKpyIIIeHblI
MaTepb CbIHY Ha KpecTe:

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PacTep3aJI eiI ocTpbitt Meq.
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* B BropTeM6epre.
** Ilo cppaH1J,1ICKaHCKOH

Tpa,LI,1Ill,1I1I, Ha1160Jiee BepmITHOH, aBTOpOM .HBJI.HeTC.H ll:iKaKOIIOHe
113 To.n;11 (* 1306). Ilp11Bo.n;11M 'IaCTb 3TOro rnMHa B rrepeBo.n;e ll. C. Mepe:IKKOBcKoro.

319
TbI eMOTpeJia, IIpeemITaH
BoroMaTepb, Ha Xpttern!
Ha foJirocpe, MaTepb Bo)KbH,
Tb1 eTOHJia y rro,n:HO)KbH
}lpeBa KpeeTHoro, r.n:e 6bIJI
PaenRT Cbrn TBoM, - 11:, pa3Hrn;tti1,
}lyrny MaTeptt CKop6Hrn;ei1
CMepTHoii: MyKtt Meq rrpoH3HJI.
KaK OH yMep, Cbrn TBoii: HY)KHbiii:,
0 ,lJ;HHOKHM' 6e3Ha,n:e)KHbIM'
Qq11: BH,lJ;eJIH: TBOH.
He oTptt:Hb MeHH, o l{eBa,
}lali 11: MHe eTOHTb y l{peBa
06arpeHHoro, B KpOBH,
H6o, Btt,n:ttrnb, eep.n:ue )Ka)K,n:eT
IIoeTpa.n;aTb, KaK Cbrn TBoli erpa)K,n:eT.
l{eBa ,n:eB, Po,n:Htt:K JI106Btt,
}la:ii: MHe 6oJibIO paH ynHTbCH,
KpeerHoii MyKoli HaeJia,n:ttrbeH,
MyKoii Cbrna TBoero,
lfro6 orHeM JI106m1 eropa.H,
H TOM.Heb, H YMHpaH,
MHe YBH,n:eTb eJiaBy pa.H
B eMeprH Bora Moero!
KaK MOJIHJiaeb, KaK pbI,n:aJia,
KaK rep3aJiaeb, BH,lJ;H MYKH
Cbrna - Bora rnoero!
Kro H3 Hae He B03pb1,n:aer,
3pH eBHTYIO MaTepb Bora
B eoKpyrneHHH rnKoM?
KTo .n;yrnH B cJiesax He BbIJibeT,
BH,n:H, KaK Ha,n: BoroM-CbIHOM
Be3oTpa.n;tto rrJiaqeT MaTb;
BH,n:H, KaK 3a Hae Crractt:TeJib
Or.n;aeT ce6H Ha MYKY,
Ha rro3op, Ha Ka3Hb, Ha cMepTb;
BH,n:H, KaK B TOCKe rrocJie.n;Heii,
OH, xJia,n:eH, yMnpaH,
}lyx eBoii Bory rrpe,n:aeT?
Q CBHTaH MaTb JII060BH,
BJieii MHe B .n;yrny CHJIY eKop6H,

320
qT06 c T06oii H rnrnKaTb Mor!
l{aii, qT06 H ropeJI JII06oBbIO Beeb rrpoHHKHYT Bepoii cJiaJJ:KOH

K

ucKyrrttBllleMy MeHH;

l{aii, qT06 B cepJJ:u;e cMepTb XpttcTOBy,

I1

1103op era, H MYKH

Hett3MeHHO H HocttJI;

q T06

BO JJ:Hll 3eMHOH rreqaJilf

IIoJJ: KpecTOM MottM yTellleH
DbIJI JII060BbIO KO XpHcTy;
qT06 KOHq1rny MllpHO BCTpeTIIJI;
q T06 JJ:yIIIe MoeH: CrracIITeJib
CJiaBy paH oTBoprrJI.

N2 32. EnHcKoncKoe npe~HcaHHe 06 Hcnoue~ (XIII u.)
EcJIH MOHallleCTBYIOll(liH [ liCIIOBeJJ:yeTCH] ... , TO crrpallIIIBaTb 0 Tpex r JiaBHeHlllliX rrpaBIIJiax yCTaBa * ...

y

6eJioro JJ:YXOBeHCTBa ... orrpallIHBaTb, He Top-

ryroT Jill, Ii 060 BCeM, qTo KacaeTCH KOpbICTll ll Ha)KMBbI. ..

y

KHH3eii, 3aMKO-

BblX0 HaqaJibHHKOB, pbI[(apeii Ii HX 6aJibll (bajuli) cnpallIIIBaTb, co6JIIOJJ:aJili
Jill OHII ll 3aCTaBJIHJill Jill co6JIIOJJ:aTb IlOCTaHOBJieHIIH Ii rrpeJJ:ITIICaHHH 0 rrpaaax ll CB060JJ:e u;epKBli, TBOpIIJili Jill OHII cyJJ: rrpaBblll, He OTHfOll(aJili Jill IIOJJ:JJ:aHHbIX CBOIIX He3aKOHHbIMll HaJIOraMH Ii rro6opaMII, qaCTO Ii IlOMHory.
TaK)Ke o pa36oe ...

Y Kyrru;oB

A

H ropo)KaH ... crrpallIHBaTh, He TBopIIJIH JIII JI)Kll,

o6MaHa, pocTOBll(Hqecrna, [ JIHXBeHHbIX] ccy.n;,
pIIBaJIH Jill, He o6BellIIIBaJili Jill ...

y

[Herrpaaoro]

o6MeHa, He o6Me-

KpeCTbHH crrpanmBaTb 0 BOpOBCTBe, rJiaB-

HblM o6pa30M [ 06 yrnii:Ke] JJ:eCHTHHbI II rrepBblX IlJIOJJ:OB, rro.n;aTeii, qernepTHblX
B3HOCOB, 3eMeJibHblX IIOBIIHHOCTeii, a TaK>Ke 0 HapyllleHllli Me)K II 3axBaTe
qy)l(OH 3eMJili, a TaK)Ke 0 HaJIOrax Ii IlOJJ:)KOfax.

y

6aTpaKOB, BOJIOBOJJ:OB, pa-

60THHKOB, nacryxoB Ii llHblX IIOJJ:06HbIX JIIOJJ:eii rrycTb crrpanmaaeT CBHll(eHHIIK,
aepHO JIM 6JIIOJII1 OHM IIMymecTBO fOCIIOJJ: CBOHX, BepHO JIM crrpaBJIHJIII OHII
pa6oTbl Ii CJiy)K6bl, Ha HHX B03JIO)KeHHbie.

VI. I1MI1EPATOP I1 I1AI1A
N2 34. 0 'leTLipex MOHapXIDIX {H3 «CaKcoHcKoro 3ep:u;aJia»)
B Baa.HJIOHex rrepsee scero HBHJIOCb u;apcrno Ii BeJIMKO OHO 6bIJIO Hall: sceMH
3eMJIHMH; ero pa3pyrnm1 KIIp, II o6epttyJI OH u;apcrno Ha Ilepcrr10; TaM CTOHJIO

*

l13BeCTHbie TPH o6eTa: nocJiyUiaHH.SI, L(eJioMy.n;ptt.SI, 6e,n;HOCTH.

321
OHO .n:o )lapm1 nocJie,n:Hero, ero JKe no6e,n:IIJI A.1i:eKcaH,n:p II noBepHyJI u;apcrno
KO rpeKaM; TaM OHO CTOHJIO, .ll:OKOJie PIIM He IIO,Z:PUIHIIJI ero, II He c,n:eJiaJIC.R KecapeM IOJIIIM. IloceMy PIIM II IIOHbIHe coxpaHIIJI Meq cBeTCKIIM, pa,n:II JKe CB.
IleTpa IIMeeT OH II Meq .n:yxOBHbIM; rroceMy II 30BeTC.R OH rnaBOIO Bcero MIIpa.

N2 35. rpHropHil VII o nancxo:H BJiacTH
Ilana HaqepTaJI:

1.
2.
3.
4.

PIIMCKa.R u;epKOBb coa,n:aHa E,n:IIHbIM EoroM.
ToJibKO PIIMCKIIM errIIcKorr no rrpaBy aoBeTc.R BceJieHCKIIM.
ToJibKO OH o.n:irn MOJKeT HII3JiaraTb errIICKOIIOB II BOCCTaHOBJI.RTb IIX.
JieraT ero Ha co6opax aaHIIMaeT rrepBoe MeCTo rrepe.n: BCeMII enIIcKorra-

MII, ,ZJ;aJKe 6y,n;yqII B HII3IIIIIX CTerreH.Rx [ CB.Rm;eHCTBa], II MOJKeT npIIroBapIIBaTb
IIX K HII3JIOJKeHIIIO.

5.
6.

Ilana MOJKeT HII3JiaraTb OTCYTCTBYIOID:IIX.

c

OTJiyqeHHblMlf MM He ,n:OJIJKHbl Mbl, MeJK,n:y npoqlfM, HaXO,lJ;IffbCH B

o,n:HOM If TOM JKe ,n:oMe.

7.

EMy 0.ll:HOMY Ha,n:JieJKIIT, CMOTp.R no Ha,n:o6HOCTM, M3,n:aBaTb HOBbie yc-

TaBbl, yqpeJK,n:aTb HOBbie errapXMlf, KaHOHMKaTbI* rrpeBpam;aTb B a66aTCTBa, If
Hao6opoT, 6oraTyIO errapxMIO ,n:eJIMTb, 6e,n:Hbie coe,n:IIH.RTb.

8.

OH o,n:MH BrrpaBe pacnop.RJKaThc.R** aHaKaMH HMnepaTopcKoro ,n:ocrn-

MHCTBa.

9. 0,n:HOMY rrarre Bee KH.R3b.R JI063aIOT HOI'lf.
10. ToJibKO ero IIM.R IIOMMHaeTC.R B u;epKBax.
11. OH o,n:IIH B MIIpe MMeHyeTc.SI rrarro:H.
12. OH MOJKeT HII3JiaraTb MMrrepaTopoB.
13. OH MOJKeT, no Mepe Ha,n:o6HocTM, nepeMem;aTh

enIIcKonoB c Kacpe,n:pb1

Ha Kacpe.n:py.

14. B JII06yIO u;epKOBb, Ky,n:a yro,n:HO, OH MOJKeT CTaBMTb KJIMpIIKOB.
15. IloCTaBJieHHbIM narroIO MOJKeT 6bITb BO rnaBe KaKOM-JIII6o u;epKBII,

HO

He MOJKeT 6bITb B nOJIOJKeHHlf no,n:qMHeHHOM; paBHO II He MOJKeT npMHIIMaTb
BbICIIIeM CTerreHII OT KaKOrD-JIM6o enMCKOna.

16.

HM 0.ll:MH co6op 6e3 ero COlf3BOJieHH.R He MOJKeT Ha3bIBaTbC.R Bceo6m;IIM

(generalis).

17.

HII 0.ll:HO IIOCTaHOBJieHMe, HII o,n:Ha KHMra He MoryT 6bITb rrpH3HaHbl

KaHOHHqecKMMII 6e3 ero CaHKIJ;IIlf.

18 HIIKTO He CMeeT OTMeHMTb ero peIIIeHH.R,
19. HMKTO eMy He cy,n:h.SI.

*

a OH caM OTMeH.ReT qblf yro,n:HO.

06m;e)KHTHH, rrpe,a:CTaBJIHIOIIJ;He co6oH: HeIIOJIHbie, TaK Ha3bIBaeMbie «CBeTCKHe~ MO-

HaCTblpH.

** l11m -

HOCHTb?

(possit uti insigniis).

322
20.

HttKTO He cMeeT rrpttBeCTlI B lICIIOJIHeHtte rrpttroBop Ha.n. arreJIJittpy10-

Ill;IIM K rrarrcKoMy rrpeCTOJIY.

21.
22.

KpyrrHh1e .n.eJia JI106oii u.epKBlI .ll.OJI)l{Hhl Bocxo.n.ttTb

.n.o Hero.

PlIMCKaH u.epKOBb HlIKor.n.a He 3a6Jiy)l{,ll.aJiaCb lI BIIpe,ll.b, ITO CBlI,ll.e-

TeJihCTBY IlIICaHIIH, He 6y.n.eT 3a6Jiy)l{,ll.aTbCH.

23.

PlIMCKIIii errIICKOII, KaHOHWieCKlI IIOCTaBJieHHhlH, 3acJiyraMlI CB. Ile-

Tpa, HerrpeJIO)l{HO IIOJiyqaeT CB5ITOCTh ...

24.
25.

26.
27.

IIo ero II3BOJieHIIIO lI pa3perneHHIO IIO,ll.BJiaCTHble MoryT )l{aJIOBaTbCJI.
Be3 co6opa OH MO)l{eT HlI3JiaraTh II BOCCTaHOBJIHTh eIIIICKOIIOB.
He cqIITaeTCH KaTOJIIIKOM TOT, KTO He corJiaCeH c PIIMCKOIO u.epKOBbIO.
IloMaHHblX MO)l{eT OH OCB06o)l{,ll.aTb OT rrpHC5IrlI HerO,LJ.HhlM BJia,zJ.blKaM.

NQ 36.

OT.ll}"ICHHC reHpHXa, TCBTOHCKOrO KOpOIDI
(Ha co6ope B PttMe, cpeBpaJih

1076

r.)

CB5IThlii IleTp, KHH3h arrocToJioB, CKJIOHII, MOJIIO Te6H, 6Jiaroii cJiyx TBoii
lI ycJihllIIh MeHH, pa6a TBOero, KOero Thi OT .n.eTCTBa BCKOpMIIJI lI no cell: .n.eHh
oxpaHHJI OT pyKtt 3JIO,ll.eeB, HeHamr.n;eBrnIIx II HeHaBIIJJJIIIJ,IIX MeH5I BepHOCTII
rnoeii pa,n.tt. 11 Thi, BJia,zJ.h1qttu.a MOH, MaTeph Bo)l{HH, lI CB51Thlii: IlaBeJI, 6paT
TBOH, 6y.n.hTe MHe CBII,ll.eTeJIHMH BO CBHThlX: CBHTaH PIIMCKaH u;epKOBh TB05I
rrpIIBJieKJia Ha yrrpaBJieHIIe ce6e MeH5I He XOTHIIJ,ero, lI He BOpOBCKOe 3aMhl1IImrn* BCTYIIIIJI 51 Ha rrpecTOJI moil; CKOpee XOTeJI 6hl 51 rrpoBeCTII )l{II3Hh CBOIO
B CTpaHCTBlIHX, He)l{eJIII pa,n.II CJiaBhl MIIpCKOH 3aXBaTlITh MeCTO TBOe MlipCKIIM
IIOMbllIIJieHIIeM.

A

rroceMy, B CIIJIY TBOero H3BOJieHlI5I, a He MOIIX 3acJiyr, IIC-

IIOBe.n.y10 51 TO, qTO II 6hIJIO, II eCTh yro.n.Ho Te6e: .n.a IIOBIIHyeTCH MHe Hapo.n.
xpIICTIIaHCKIIii, Te6e oco6JIIIBO rrop~eHHblH. HapoqHTO B 3aMeIIJ,eHIIe Te6.si: MHe

rrop~eHa II TBOHM COH3BOJieHHeHHeM rrepe.n;aHa 6oro.n;aHHaH BJiaCTb BH3aTb II
pernttTh Ha He6ecII II Ha 3eMJIII.
Ha.n.eHCb lI yrroBaH Ha CIIe, pa,ll.II qecTII lI 3aIIJ,lIThl u.epKBII TBoeii BO lIMH
BceMorymero Bora Orn.a II Chrna H .llyxa CBHToro, rnoe10 BJiaCTbIO II BeJieHIIeM feHpIIxa KOpOJI5I, ChIHa feHpIIxa IIMrrepaTopa, KOTOphIH B HeCJihIXaHHOH
rop,ll.bIHe BOCCTaJI rrpOTIIB u.epKBlI TBOeii:, JllIIIIaIO rrpaBJieHII5I BCeM u.apCTBOM
TeBTOHCKlIM lI 11TaJilieii; Bcex )l{e XplICTIIaH OT Y3 rrpIICHrII, KOTOpOIO OHII rrepe.n. HMM CB5I3aJIII lIJilI CBJI)l{YT ce6.si:, pa3perna10; lI qT06hI KTO-Jitt6o CJIY)l{IIJI
eMy, KaK KOpOJIIO, BOCrrpeIIJ,aIO. Ilo.n:o6aeT

60,

qT06hI TOT, KTO, IIOMbIIIIJI5IeT

yMaJilITb ,ll.OCTOIIHCTBO u;epKBlI TBOeii, caM 6hI JIHIIIlIJICH ,ll.OCTOIIHCTBa, B KOeM
MHlIT ce6.si:. 11 rroeJilIKY OH, 6y.n.~lI xplICTliaHHHOM, npe3peJI IIOCJiylIIaHIIe II He
BepHyJicJI K Bory, OT KoToporo oTcTyrrnJICJI, o6IIJ,aHCb c OTJiyqeHHbIMH, TBop.si:
MHOrIIe HerrpaB,ll.bI; rrpeHe6peraH MOlIMlI yBeIIJ,aHIIHMlI, KOTOpbie 51, Thi CBH,ll.e-

*

fpttroptt:iI

VII

ynoTpe6JrneT TepMHHOJiormo CBOMX noJIMTM'-IecKMX npoTMBHMKOB.

323
Te.Jib, rroebI.Jia.JI eMy, OT,ll,e.715Uleb OT u;epKBH TBOeii B HaMepeHHH paeKO.JIOTb
ee,

-

51, BHKapttii TBOH, rrpe,ll,aIO ero aHacpeMe. I1 TaKO eB513bIBaIO ero OT HMe-

HH TBOero, ,L1,a6b1 3Ha.JIH JI Be,ll,a.JIJI HapO,ll,bI, qTo TbI eeJI IleTp H Ha KaMHe TBOeM
Cbm Bora iKJIBoro B03,ll,BJir u;epKOBb eBOIO, JI BpaTa a,ll,OBbI He O,ll,O.JieIOT ee.

N2 37. rpHropHH: VII YJJe)J;OMJIHeT ,lJ;YXOBHhlX H

CBCTCKHX

IOUJ:3eH repMaHHH 0 KaHOCCe
Iloe.JIHKY Bbl, B03.JII0651 errpaBe,ll,.JIJIBOeTb, rrpHHH.JIJI Ha ee651, eoBMeeTHO e
HaMH, XptteTOBY e.Jiy)l(6y' Bee THroTbI H orraeHOeTII, TO Mbl e IIeKpeHHeH .JII06oBblO errenrnM II3BeeTIITb Barne yeep,ll,Jie, KaK KOp0.7Ib B YHIIqlI)l(eHHH H paeKMHHH ,ll,OeTJif eHHTIIH OT.JiyqeHHH, a TaK)l(e KaK Bee 3TO ,ll,e.JIO eBepIIIHJIOeb,
HaqHHaH e ITPIIXO,ll,a ero B I1Ta.JIIIIO II ,ll,0 eIIX ITOP.
KaK 6bIJIO yeJIOBJieHO e ITOeJiaMII, KOTOpbie K HaM 6bIJIII ITpIIeJiaHbI BaMII,
MbI ITpII6bIJIII B JloM6ap,ll,IIIO ,ll,Heii 3a

20

,ll,O Toro epoKa, KOr,ll,a Ha rrepeBa.Jie

. ,ll;OJI)l(eH 6bIJI BeTpeTIITb II rrpoBO,ll,IITb Hae KTO-HH6y,L1,b; MbI H )l(,ll;a.JIH MX rrpttf

XO,ll,a, qT06bI ITeperrpaBMTbeH ITO TY eTopoHy. I1 BOT, y)l(e ITO tteTeqeHMM epoKa, HaM eoo6IIJ;MJIM, qTo B 3TO-,ll,e BpeMH, B BM,ll,Y MHOfMX 3aTpy,ll,HeHMH (a eeMy
Mbl OXOTHO H eaMH BeprrM), He MoryT 6bITb HaM rroeJiaHbI HaBeTpeqy rrpOBO,ll,HHKM, a trnaqe ITepeITpaBJI51Tbe51 K BaM Mbl He MMeJIJI B03MO)l(HOeTH, TO MbI
OXBaqeHbl 6bI.JIM HeMa.JIOH 3a60TOH, KaK )Ke HaM Jiyqrne Beero ITOeTyIIMTb.
TeM BpeMeHeM MbI y3Ha.JIM HaBepmIKa, qrn KopoJib rrpH6JIH)l(aeTe.si. Eiu;e
He BeTyITHB B I1Ta.JIMIO, OH OTITpaBHJI errepBa K HaM rroeJIOB, e MOJib60IO ITpe,ll,JiaraH BO BeeM YAOBJieTBOpHTb foerro,ll,a, eBHTOro IleTpa M Hae, M BHOBb o6eIIJ;a.JI eo6JIIOeTJI IIO.JIHYIO IIOKOpHoeTb, ,L1,a6bI IIerrpaBMTb )l(M3Hb eBOIO, Jll:llllb 6bI
y,n:oeTOMTbeH OT Hae MIIJIOeTH OTrryiu;eHJIH II arroeTOJibeKoro 6JiaroeJIOBemrn.
Kor,ll,a )Ke MbI BeJie,ll,eTBrre ,ll,OJirHx 06ey)l(,L1,eHMH OTKJia,ll,bIBaJIJI 3To ,ll,eJio H qepe3 Beex rroeJIOB, KOTOpbIMII Mbl e HMM rrepeebIJia.JIIIeb, eHOBa II eHOBa rop.silJO yJIJiqaJIJI ero B ero ,ll,e.sIHHHX, OH, HaKoHeu;, no .n;o6poii BoJie, He BbIKa3bIBM HH Bpa)l(,ll,bl, HH ,ll,ep30eTH, e MaJibIMM KOJIHqeeTBOM JIIO,ll,eH rrpH6bIJI K eTeHaM KaHoeebI, r,ll,e MbI MMeJIII rrpe6brnaHIIe. I1 3,ll,eeb u;eJibIX TPH ,ll,HH y BopoT
3aMKa, OT6poeJIB Bee u;apeTBeHHOe, B )l(a.JIKOM BII,ll;e, pa3yTbIH II B py6Hiu;e,
o6JIIIBaHCb HerrpecTaHHbIMH CJie3aMII, B3bIBa.JI OH 0 IIOMOIIJ;II II yTerneHJIII arroCTOJibeKoro Harnero MHJIOeep,ll,IIH, TaK qTo Beex, KTO 6bIJI 3,ll,eeb IIJIH ,ll,O KOfO
,ll;OIIIJia MOJIBa 06 3TOM, OH ,ll,OBeJI ,ll,0 qyBeTBa )l(aJIOeTHOro eoCTpa,ll,aHJIH: BeTyIIMCb 3a Hero JI rrpocb6aMH, H C.Jie3aMH, Bee ,ll,HBHJIHeb He06biqHOM )l(eeTKOeTH Harnero xapaKTepa, a HeKOTOpbie_ BOIIHJIH, qTO Mbl 51BJI51eM He eypoBOCTb
rpo3HOfO arroeTOJia, a JIIOTOeTb CBIIperroro TIIpaHa.
HaKOHeu;, IIOKopeHHbie CIIJIOH ero paCKaHHHH II BeJIIIKOH MOJib6oii Bcex
npIICJTeTBYIOIIJ;IIX, Mbl, CHHB c Hero Y3bl OT.JiyqeHIIH, rrpHHHJIH ero B JIOHO eB51TOH MaTepH Harneii u;epKBH Ha 6Jiaroe c Heil o6iu;eHHe. IlpH 3TOM Mbl B3.HJIH

324
c Hero mDKeITpirne.n.eHHoe o6emamre; cKpern1eHo OHO pyKoM: a66aTa KlIIDHIIMcKoro II B03Jiio6JieHHhIX .n.mepeM: Hanmx, MaTIIJih,ZJ,hI II rpaqmHII Nl;eJiaII,ZJ,hI,
II .n.pyrIIX KH513eM, .n.yxoBHbIX II CBeTCKIIX, KOTOpbie HaM ,ZJ,JI51 cero ,ZJ,eJia KasaJIIICb ITOJie3HblMII.

11

BOT, Kor.n.a BCe CBeplllIIJIOCb TaK, l.J:TO Mbl, 6Jiaro.n.ap51 Eary, MO)l(eM JlYl.J:-

llle ITpe)l(Hero ycTpOIITb BCe Mbl BCer.n.a Toro )l(eJiaJIII, -

B u;epKBII MIIp, a B rocy.n.apCTBe corJiaCIIe, KaK

Mbl CTpeMIIMC51 ITPII ITepBOR B03MO)l(HOCTII ITepettTII

[ '-Iepes ropb1] K BaM.
0,ZJ,HO )Ke, B03JII06JieHHbie MOII, .n.a 6y.n.eT Be,ZJ,OMO BaM: Bee 3TO ,ZJ,eJIO, KaK Bbl MO)l(eTe BM,ZJ,eTb, II Ha OCHOBaHIIII ITPIIJIO)l(eHHqro o6emaHII51, -

TaK

,ZJ,aJieKO eme OT paspellleHII51, l.J:TO II ITpII6bITIIe Hallie, II e,ZJ,IIHO,ZJ,YlllIIe BalllIIX
,ZJ,eHCTBIIH 51BJI51IOTC51 B BblCllleR CTeITeHM Heo6XO,ZJ,IIMbIMII.

A

ITOCeMy TlllIITeCb

Bee ITpe6hIBaTb ITO ITpe)l(HeMy B BepHOCTII II JII06BII K ITpaB,ZJ,e, II Be,ZJ,aHTe, l.J:TO
He IIHal.J:e o6513aJIC51 51 KOpOJIIO, KaK TOJibKO CJIOBeCHO -

TaKOB MOM o6bll.J:aM,

-

CKa3aB eMy, l.J:TO OH MO)l(eT Ha,ZJ,e51ThC51 Ha MeH51 JIHlllb B TOM, B l.J:eM 51 Mory ITO,ZJ,.n.ep)l(aTb ero ITO CITpaBe,ZJ,JIHBOCTII HJIII ITO MHJIOCep,ZJ,HIO, Ha 6Jiaro lI l.J:eCTb eMy,
HO He ITO,ZJ,Bepra51 OITaCHOCTII HII ero .ll.YlllII, HII HallleM.

KrulTBa KOpOllil TeBTOHCKOl'O reHpHXa

51,

KopoJib feHpIIx, B BH.ll.Y poITOTa H Hey.n.oBOJibCTBII51 ITPOTIIB MeH51 ap-

XIIeITIICKOITOB, eITIICKOITOB, repu;oroB, rpa¢oB II ITPOl.J:IIX KH513eM TeBTOHCKoro
u;apcTBa II HHbIX JIIO,ZJ,eM, KOTOpbie ITpIIMKHYJIII K HIIM B 3TOM, -

B cpoK, KO-

TOpbIM yKa)l(eT fOCITO,ZJ,HH Halli, ITaITa fpHropHM, ITPHMY Ha ce651 BCIO ITpaB,ZJ,Y
cy.n.a ero IIJIII y11IIHIO corJiacHe ITO yKasaHIIIO ero. EcJIII )Ke MHe IIJIII eMy ITOMelllaeT 51BHOe ITpeIT51TCTBHe, TO, ITO MIIHOBaHIIII ero, 51 fOTOB 6y.n.y COBeplllHTb
BbillleyKa3aHHOe. TaK)l(e ecJIII OHbIR fOCITO,ZJ,lIH Halli, ITaITa fpHropHM, ITO)l(eJiaeT ITepeRTII 11epe3 ropbl HJIII OTITpaBMTbC51 B IIHble 3eMJIII, OH 6y.n.eT B 6esoITaCHOCTII OT ITOKyllleHM51, '1JieHOBpe,ZJ,IITeJibCTBa IIJIII ITJieHa KaK c MOeM CTopoHbl, TaK II co CTOpOHbI Tex,

Ha,n;

KeM 51 6y,n:y BJiaCTeH, -

II caM OH, lI CBMTa

ero, lI ITpOBO)l(aTbie, paBHO lI BCe, KTO IIM ITOCbIJiaeTC51 lI KTO K HeMy H3 pasHbIX KpaeB seMJIII ITPIIXO,ZJ,IIT, Bamrn TaM, II Ha o6paTHOM ITYTM.

II BO BpeM51 ITYTII Ty.n.a, H BO BpeM51 ITpe6bI-

11

He 6y,neT eMy, c Moero Be,ZJ,OMa, HMKaKOM

ITOMeXM, HMKaKOR ITopyxM ero l.J:eCTII; eCJIH )Ke KTO Yl.J:IIHMT ITO,ZJ,06Hoe, 51 no
COBeCTH II B Mepy CHJI CBOHX OKa)l(y eMy [naITe] ITOMOillb.
CBepllleHo B KaHocce,

28

51HBap51, B ro.n focITo,ZJ,a Halllero 1077-M:.

NQ 38. 06 HMnepaTope <l>pH,ZJ;puxe I H nane A.71:eKca:e.n;pe H o
TOM, KaK npouaomeJI pacKoJI Mouaxa PuxepHJI
Ilpe)l(,ZJ,e ,ZJ,HeM Tex 6bIJI O,ZJ,HH HMITepaTop ITO IIMeHH <l>pII,ZJ,pIIX, repu;or
lllBa6IIM, II3 po,na KOTOporo paHbIIIe HII O,ZJ,HOro IIMITepaTopa He 6bIBaJIO.

11

325
6bIJI OH BO BpeMeHa rrarrbl A.rreKCaH.n;pa. OH CTOJib 6e3MepHo CTaJI Harra.n;aTb
Ha uepKOBb, 1ITO IIOBCIO.n;y' r.n;e TOJibKO HaXO,ll;HJI BOT1IHHY CB5ITOro IleTpa, saXBaTbIBaJI ee ce6e H IIO,ll;1IHH.HJI ee CBOeMy cy.n;y. IloceMy H 6bIJI OTJiy-qeH caMHM
narro:H A.rreKcatt.n;poM

III

OH caM H Bee rrpHCHbie ero. Kor.n;a

JKe

OH yBH.n;eJI, 1ITO

HeKOTOpbie ITO rrpH1IHHe rrpHroBopa rraITbl H36eraIOT ero, TO, ycyry6JI5151 3JI06CTBOBaHHe CBOe, c o.n;o6peHH51 BCex KHH3eH, II01ITH BCex apxHeIIHCKOIIOB H errHCKOIIOB H BCero rrpoqero KJIHpa, OH IIOCTaBHJI CBoero rrarry H orrpe.n;eJIHJI 6hITb
eMy B MHJiaHe. TaK 1ITO Bech KJIHP H .n;pyrHe rrpHCHbie yrroM.HHyTOro HMrrepaTopa rrocemaJIH KypHIO yrroMHHyToro JIJKerrarrhI, H Bee, 1ITO B513a.JI rrarra A.rreKcatt.n;p, ce:H pa3pe11IaJI, Bcex, Koro TOT OTJIY1IaJI, ce:H ocBo6oJK.n;a.JI; apxHerrHcKorroB, eIIHCKOIIOB H IIp01IHH KJIHP OH Ha.n;eJIHJI II01IeCT51MH H 6eHeqmUH51MH
HJIH JIHIIIaJI OHbIX, Kor.n;a H Koro XOTeJI.

l1

HMrrepaTop BMecTe c CHM JKaJIKHM

rrarro:H CTOJib JKeCTOKO TeCHHJI yrroM.HHYTOro rrarry A.rreKCaH.n;pa, 1ITO ce:H, OCTaBHB CBOe MeCTorrpe6bIBaHHe B PHMe, rrpHHyJK.n;eH 6bIJI 6eJKaTb B 3eMJIH C!>paH:UHH. KopoJib :>Ke C!>paHUHH co Bce10 TOIO 3arra.n;tto:H uepKOBhIO rrpHHHJI cero
narry co CTOJib BeJIHKOIO pa.n;oCTbIO H JIHKOBaHHeM, 1ITO narra B03JKeJiaJI OCTaTbC51, 6y.n;e B03MOJKHO, B 3eMJI51X C!>paHUHH Ha Bee ,ll;Hll CBOeH JKH3HH. ApxHeIIHCKOIIbl :>Ke H errHCKOIIbl H npo1IHe KJIHPHKH B 3eMJI.Hx yrroM.HttyTOro HMIIepaTopa
no MaHOBeHHIO CBOero rraIIbl B03BO,ll;HJIHCb B CaHbl He CB51Iu:eHHbie, HO, CKaJKeM,
CB51TOTaTCTBeHHbie.

I1

B TO BpeMH, KaK TOT CMep.n;HID:HH rrarra, B03HeCIIIHHC51

CTOJlb BbICOKO B CBoe:H rop.n;bIHe, MHHJI HaCJiaJK.n;aTbC51 ,ll;OJirHe BpeMeHa CTOJib
BeJIIIKOIO BJiaCTbIO, rropBaJIHCb HHTH cecTep*: OH 6hIJI saxBa1IeH JKeCTOKOH
JIHXOpa,n;KOIO, HaKa3aH ,ll;OCTOHHOIO CMepTbIO H 3a CB51TOTaTCTBeHHOe rrepBOCB51meHHH1IeCTBO, KOHM OH CTOJib MaJIOe BpeM.H o6Jia.n;aJI, c.n;eJiaJIC51 nepBOCB51Iu:eHHHKOM a.n;cKoro KH51351 CaTaHbl, -

He .n;.7151 Toro 1IT06bI TaM IIOJib30BaTbC51 Ka-

KOIO-JIH6o BJiaCTbIO, HO ,ll;AA Toro 1IT06b1 HeCTH 6e3 KOHU:a ,ll;OCTOHHYIO Kapy ITO
3acJiyraM, KaK caMbIM 3JIOC1IaCTHbIM H3 3JIOC"llaCTHbIX.

l1

rOBOp51T, 1ITO TOT

JKe

HMIIepaTop C!>pH.n;pHX, B ,ll;OBepIIIeHHe CBOero 6e3yMH51, BbI6paJI IIOCJie 3TOro
,n;Byx .n;pyrHX nan, KOTOpbie, rrpmKHB MaJIO BpeMeHH, rropaJK€HHbie TaKHM :>Ke
3JiocqacTHeM, KaK H rrepBbIM, rrepeceJIHJIHCh B TapTap.

NQ 39. HMnepaTop (<l>pH,ll;pHX I) H Bhl6op enHcKona (1167)
C!>pH.n;pHx, EoJKHe:H MHJIOCThIO, HMrrepaTop PHMCKHH H Bcer.n;a CBHID:eHHhIH, CBOHM B03JII06JieHHbIM BepHbIM, ,ll;OCTOII01ITeHHOMY KJIHpy, 6etteqmunaTaM KaM6pe:HcKOH uepKBH -

CBOIO MHJIOCTb H BC51KOe 6Jiaro.

IloeJIHKY KpacoTa H rro.n;rropa KperrqaftIIIero .n;oMa orrHpaeTCH Ha Herro,n;BHJKHhIX H KpeIIKHX KOJIOHHax, IIOTOJIHKY BbI,ll;aIOID:a51C51 CJiaBa PHMCKOH
HMIIepHH IIOKOIITC51 Ha rro.n;.n;epJKKe CJiaBHeMIIIIIX KH513eii: IIOJIOJKeHHe o6oHX

* IlapKII.

326
[T.e . .n:oMa M MMIIepMH] coxpam1eTC5I HeBpe.n:MMbIM Mc Tpy.n:oM MO./KeT rro.n:BeprHYTbCH KaK0My-1m60 paspyrneHMIO mm rM6eJibHoMy HecqacTMIO. TaK KaK Harn
B03JII06JieHHblH KH513b HMKOJiaii, errMCKOll Balli, 110 .n:otteceHMIO .ll:OCTOIIOqTeHHOro a66aTa C. fMcJietta* M .n:pyrMX BaIIIMX BeCTHMKOB, yMep, TO BOMCTMHy,
0 llOTepe CTOJib BeJIMKOfO My./Ka CKop6MT MOHapXMH Bceii PMMCKOR MMllepMM,
M6o ero 11pe.n:aHHbIM CTapaHMeM, llOJie3HeRIIIMM 6JiaropasyMHbIM COBeTOM, y.n:MBMTeJibHO 3HeprMqHoii llOMOIIJ;bIO OHa .n:o CMX 11op 110.n:.n:ep.IKMBaJiaCb, CJIOBHO
tte.n:BM.IKMMbIM CTOJillOM. I1c11paBJI5151 CTOJib BeJIMKoe sJio cJiaBHeiirneii KaM6peiicKoii u:epKBH M Jieqa HOBbIM M CllaCMTeJibHbIM JieKapcTBOM HeMcu;eJIMMYIO patty'
HaHeCeHHYIO ero CMepTbIO, Barna u:epKOBb .ll:OJl./KHa 6bIJia My.IKeCTBeHHO 110.n:HHTbCH c TeM 6oJiee .n:o6poXOTHOR sa6oTOR M 11pe.n:aHHOCTbIO 6oJiee rop51qeii
.n:yrnM, qeM Mettee KTO-JIM6o MO./KeT COMHeBaTbCH, qTO Otta, HaXO.ll:HCb KaK 6bI
B caMbIX KpaiiHMX 11pe.n:eJiax MMrrepHM, CJIMIIIKOM CMJibHO CTOHeT M BIIOJIHe
rM6HeT OT .n:oJirMX 6e.n:cTBMR M CMJibHeRIIIMX HarracTeii, KOTOpbie ee llOCeTMJIM.
Ilo3TOMy, ycJibIIIIaB M BllOJIHe llOHHB BaIIIMX BeCTHMKOB, KaK caMM 0.ll:HM, TaK
MB MHoroqMcJieHHOM co6paHMM, Mbl He MOrJIM 11peB03MOqb Y.ll:MBJieHI151 M T51)1(KO CTpa.n:aJIM, qTO MHO./KeCTBO CTOJib CJiaBHbIX My.1Keii, BbI.ll:aIOrn;eecH 6JiaroJiellMe CTOJlb CBHIIJ;eHHOR KOJIJierMM KJIMPMKOB He CM OrJIM HaRTM CllaCMTeJibHOro
cpe.n:crna .Zl:JIH HaCTOHrn;eii M CJIMIIIKOM TH./KeJIOR HY.IK.Zl:bI; qTQ CBo6o.n:a BbI6opa,
KOTOpaH Beer.n:a .ll:OJI./KHa 11pMBeCTM K .IKeJiaeMoMy BbIXO.ll:Y' MMeJia, 6Jiaro.n:ap51
pas.n:eJieHMIO 11apTMR, CTOJib Bpe.n:Hoe rrpe1151TCTBMe, M qTo HecorJiacMe qJieHOB
paccTpOMJIO e.n:MHCTBO KallMTyJia, B KOTOpOM 3aKJIIOqaeTC51 BCe MX c11aceHMe paccTpOMJIO e.n:1rncTBo M llJIO.ll:OTBOpHocTb CTOJib BeJIMKoro .n:eJia. XoTH, 11pM
BarneM HecorJiaCmI, Mbl MOrJIM 6bI 110 11paBy m.mepaTOpCKOR BJiaCTM Ha3HaqMTb BaM JII06oe rro.n:xo.n:Hrn;ee JIMU:O, M TaK KaK y Bae HaM 6bIJIO OTKa3aHO B
MMllepaTOpCKMX 11paBax, KaKOBOR 11opyxM M OCKop6JieHM51 Mbl HMr.n:e He 110JiyqaJIM: a MMeHHO, qTo MMyrn;ecTBO errMCKOlla llOCJie CMepTH ero He BepHyJIOCb
B TY pyKy, M3 KOTOpoii OHO, KaK M3BeCTHO, B KaqecTBe rro.n:apKa, M30IIIJIO, TO CJie.n:oBaJIO 6hI 11pM6erHyTb K HMM, B yrn;ep6 BOJibHOCTM Barneii, eCJIM 6bI Mbl
He O.IKM.ll:aJIM, coo6pa3HO c MMllepaTopCKOR MMJIOCTbIO, KOTOpaH MMeeT o6bIKHOBeHMe OKa3bIBaTb 6Jiaro.n:eHHM51 .n:a.1Ke He sacJiy.IKMBaIOIIJ;MM, Barnero .ll:OCTORHOro MCIIpaBJieHMH. Hs CHMCXO.IK.ll:eHMH M MMJIOCep.n:HH, .n:parou;eHHeiirnero yKparneHMH qeJIOBeqecKOR llPMPO.ll:bl, M 110 o6rn;eMy COBeTy KHH3eii, KaK .n:yxoBHbIX, TaK M CBeTCKMX, BMecTe c BaIIIMMM BeCTHMKaMM OTllpaBJIHeM K BaM
HaIIIMX rrocJioB: 3pJie6oJib.Zl:a, a66aTa CTa6Jio, KHH3H ttarnero Bemmoro ... M
.n:pyr11x, JIIO.n:eii BepHbIX M 11oqTeHHbIX, qT06b1 Bbl coo6rn;a 11osa60TMJIMCb o
6Jiare Barneii u:epKBM; yBern;eBaeM HacToiiqMBO Barne 6JiaroqMHMe, .n:aBaH BaM
3TY CB06o.n:y M36paHM51, B CMJIY KOTOpoii c Toro .ll:HH, KaK BbIIIIey110MHHYTbie

*

B6JIH3H

Jemappes.

327
Hanrn IlOCJibl K BaM 51B51TC51 II rrpe,n:cTaB51T BaM CIIII CB51IIJ;eHHble IlIICbMeHa, B
TeqeHIIe rneCTII He,n:eJib Bbl 6bl Bb16paJIII e,n:IIHO.l{YllIHO rocrro,n:IIHOM II rraCTblpeM
JIIIUO, yro,n:Hoe Eory II IIMrrepIIII, rro.n:xoMru;ee M51 cJiym6 uepKBII II IIMrrepIIII,
3Ha10ru;ee 6omecrneHHb1e II qeJioBeqecKIIe 3aKOHbl, Bb1,n:a10ru;eec51 mIITIIeM rrpaBe.l{HblM, .n:o6pocTapqecKIIM, qT06b1 qepe3 Hero B03.l{aBaJIOCb IIMrrepIIII .l{OJimHOe rrocJiyrnaHIIe II rropyqeHHa51 eMy uepKOBb rroJiyqIIJia 6b1 rrpII51THOe Eory
B03BeJIIIqeHIIe, T.e. TaKoe [JIIIUO], KaKoe rro,n:o6aeT BarneMy rrperro.n:o6IIIO rrpe.n:CTaBIITb HaM, a HarneMy BeJIIIqeCTBY - BBeCTII B errIICKOilCKOe .l{OCTOIIHCTBO.
EcJIII Bbl B TeqeHIIe .name TaKoro cpoKa, .n:apoBaHHOro BaM 6JiaroqecTIIBe.Hmeii
BJiaCTblO Harneii, corJiaCHblM II36paHIIeM, e,n:IIHOrJiaCHO He cyMeeTe COMTIICb Ha
0.l{HOM, TO Mbl, B CIIJIY qpe3Bb1qaMHOM IIMnepaTOpCKOM BJiacrn:, IlOCTaBIIM BaM
B rocrro.n:a II errIICKOilbl JIIIUO, Bb16paHHOe no EomeCTBeHHOM BOJie II COBeTy
KH513eii:, JIIIUO rro.n:xo,n:51ru;ee. BrrpoqeM, Mbl yTBep,n:IIM, qTo ycTaHOB51T y Bae
BblllleynoM51HYTble rroqTeHHble arroKpII3IIapIIII [ IlOCJiaHUbl].

N2 40. BopMCCKHH KOHKOpµ;aT (23

CCHTJI6pJI

1122)

I. f paMoTa u:MnepaTopa
Bo IIM51 CB51TOM II Hepas,n:eJibHoii TpoIIUbI. 51, fettpIIx, EomIIeii MIIJiocTbIO IIMrrepaTop PIIMCKIIH, CB51IIJ;eHHbltt, II3 JII06BII K Eory, CB51TOM PIIMCKoii
uepKBII II BJia,n:b1Ke rrarre KaJIIIKCTY II pa,n:II crraceHII51 .n:yrnlI Moeii ycTyrraIO
f ocrro.n:y Eory, II CB51TblM Ero arrocrnJiaM IleTpy II IlaBJIY, II CB51TOii BCeJieHcKoii uepKBII BC51KYIO IIHBeCTIITYPY KOJibUOM II IlOCOXOM II rrpe,n:OCTaBJI51IO BO
Bcex uepKBax, ttaxo,n:51IIJ;IIXC51 B rrpe,n:eJiax KopoJieBCTBa Moero II IIMrreplIII,
CB06o,n:Ho COBeprnaTb KaHOHIIqeCKOe II36paHIIe II IIOCB51IIJ;eHIIe.
BJia,n:emrn me n .n:epmaBHble npaBa CB. IleTpa, KOR OT Ha11aJia ceii pacrrpn
ll .n:o HbIHernHero .l{H51 npn OTUe MOeM HJIH rrpll MHe 6bIJill OTH51TbI, B03Bparu;aIO
oHoli CB51Toii PIIMCKoii uepKBR, 6y.n:e OHR y MeM; 6y.n:e me 51 nx He nMeIO, HeJiomHo rrocrroco6cTBYIO BepHyTb IIX.
BJia,n:eHR51 me Bcex RHbIX uepKBeii, KH513eii n ,n:pyrnx JIIO,n:eii, KaK KJinpnKOB, TaK n Mllp51H, orroprHyTble B 3TOH 6opb6e (in werra ista), 51, c cornacll51
ll npnroBopa KH513eii, BepHy, 6y.n:e OHR y MeH51; 6y.n:e me 51 IIX He llMeIO, HeJIOmHO rrocrroco6CTBYIO BepHyTb HX.
I1 saKJII011a10 11ecTHbIH Mnp c BJia.l{bIKOIO rrarroIO KaJIRKCTOM, co CB51TOIO
PIIMCKOIO uepKOBbIO ll co BCeMll, KTO 6bIJI HJIH eCTb Ha HX CTOpoHe.
I1 eCJill B qeM-JIR6o CB51Ta51 PRMCKa51 uepKOBb Il0Tpe6yeT IIOMOIIJ;ll, 51 HeJIOmHo IIOMory II OKamy .l{OJimHyIO crrpaBe.l{JillBOCTb, eCJill Ha 11TO-JIR6o OHa
MHe rromaJiyeTC51. Bee Clle COBeprneHO c corJiaCll51 ll COBeTa KH513eii, KOHX IIMeHa Hnme cJie,n:y10T: A,n:aJib6epT, apxIIenncKorr MaiiHUCKnii; <D., apxIIerr.
KeJibHCKnii; r., err. PereHc6yprcKnii; 0., err. EaM6eprcKnii; E., err. lllrreii-

328

r.

r.

epCKIIH;
CTpac6yprCKIIH;
YTpexTCKIIH; Y. KoHCTaHI.J;CKIIH; 3., a66aT
<DyJihJJ;eHCKIIii; repu:or feHpIIx; repu:or <DpIIJJ:pIIx; repu:or C.; repu:or IlepTOJihcp; MapKrpacp TmIOJihJJ:; MapKrpacp 3HreJih6epT; naJiaTIIH foacppIIa;
ncpaJihU:rpacp OTToH; rpacp EepeHrapIIii.
51, <DpIIJJ:pIIx, apxIIenIIcKon KeJihHCKIIH II apxIIKaHU:Jiep, cKpenmno.

II. fpaMoTa nanhI

51,

·errIICKorr KaJIIIKCT, pa6 pa6on EmKhIIX, Te6e, B03JII06JieHHoMy ChIHY
MOeMy, feHpIIxy, Em1rne:i1: MIIJIOCThIO IIMrrepaTOpy PIIMCKOMy, CBHIIJ;eHHOMy,
rrpeaocTaBJIHIO: II36paHIIe TeBTOHCKOH 3eMJIII enIIcKonoB, a paBHO II a66aToB,
OT. MeCTHOH BJiaCTH 3aBIICHI.i.(IIX*' npOII3BOJJ;IITh B npIICYTCTBIIII TBOeM 6e3 rroMOIIJ;H II KaKOfO-JIII6o HaCIIJIIIH, c TeM, "lJT06hl Thi, 6yae B03HIIKHeT pa3HOrJiaCIIe, no Conery II perneHIIIO MIITpOIIOJIIITa II coenIICKOnOB, noMep)KaJI 6hl rrpaBYIO CTOpOHY II noMor eii.
lfa6paHHhIH )Ke aa rro.rryqaeT OT Te6H aep)KaBHhie rrpana nepeaaqe:i:J: CKIIneTpa II IICnOJIHHeT BhlTeKaIOm;IIe OTCIOJJ;a no OTHOIIIeHIIIO K Te6e o6H3aHHOCTII .
. IloCBHIIJ;eHHhlH )Ke B apyrIIX qaCTHX IIMnepIIII aa noJiyqIIT OT Te6H B rneCTIIMeCHqHhIH cpoK aep)KaBHhle npana qepe3 nepeaaqy CKIIIIeTpa II IICnOJIHHeT BhlTeKaIOm;IIe OTCIOJJ;a no OTHOIIIeHIIIO K Te6e o6H3aHHOCTII.
A eCJIII Thi 6yaernh MHe )KaJIOBaThCH Ha qTO-JIII6o II npocIITh IIOMOIIJ;II, H
no JJ;OJiry cJiy)KeHIIH Moero oKa)Ky Te6e HaJJ;Jie)Kam;yro noMOIIJ;h.
3aKJIIOqaro qecTHhIH MIIp c To6010 II co BCeMII, KTO eCTh II 6hIJI Ha TBoeii
cTopoHe no npeMH ceii pacnpII.

NQ 41. MapcHJIHH

II~aHcKH:H: «3a~HK

( OKOJIO

MHpa»

1324 r.)

BhIBOJJ:hI. 1. Heo6xoa11:Mo nepIITh, qTo OJJ:HO JIIIIIIh cBHIIJ;eHHoe, T.e. KaHoHIIqecKII npII3HaHHOe IlIIcaHIIe .... B IICTOJIKOBaHIIII, caeJiaHHdM BceJieHCKIIM
Co6opoM nepyrom;IIx, - IICTIIHHO, II eMy JIHIIIh HY)KHO cJieaonaTh MH aocTII)KeHIIH neqHOfO 6Jia)KeHCTBa ... 2. I1CTOJIKOBhIBaTh crropHhle MeCTa 6o)KeCTBeHHOfO 3aKOHa .... MO)KeT TOJihKO o6m;IIH co6op Bepyrom;IIX lIJIII rpoMaaa Hapoaa, KOTOpaH em;e CIIJihHee co6opa; ... HII OJJ;HO OTJJ;eJihHOe JIIIU:O, KaKoe 6hl noJIO)KeHIIe OHO HII 3aHlIMaJIO, a TaK)Ke HII OJJ:HO orpaHIIqeHHOe co6paHIIe He
MoryT IIMeTh BJiaCTII ycTaHaBJIIIBaTh TOJIKOBaHIIH. 3. Co6JIIOJJ;aTh rrpearrIIcaHIIH
6o)KeCTBeHHOf0 3aKOHa noa CTpaxoM HaKa3aHIIH IIJIII 3eMHOH Kaphl EBaHreJIIIe HIIKoro He 3acTaBJIHeT. 5. OT npearrIIcaHIIH IIJIH 3anpem;eHIIH Honoro
3aBeTa HII OJJ:IIH CMepTHhIH He MO)KeT OCB060)KJJ;aTh (dispensare); npeIIHTCTBO-

*

lfacTb a66aTOB (KHR3M1-a66aTb1) 3aBttCeJJH, tterrocpe;:i:cTBetttto OT PttMa.

329
BaTb )Ke .l1:03BOJieHHOMy. . . MO)KeT TOJibKO Beeo6rn;Mii eo6op IIJIII 6orOJII06MBbIM
3aKOHO,n:aTeJib JIIO,n:eKOll (legislator humanus).

6.

3aKOHO,n:aTeJieM )Ke JIIO,n:eKMM

MO)KeT 6bITb TOJibKO BeH eOBOKYllHOeTb rpa)K,n:aH IIJIII 6oJiblllaH IIX qaeTb.

7.

3aKOHbl II ,n:eKpeTbl pMMeKMX IIJIII IIHbIX KaKMX-JIM6o eBHTMTeJieii:, KYllHO IIJIII
B OT,n:eJibHOeTM, llOeTaBJieHHbie 6e3 eorJiaeMH 3aKOHO,n:aTeJIH JIIO,n:eKoro, He
MoryT HIIKOro o6H3aTb HaKa3aHMeM IIJIII Kapoii Bern;eeTBeHHOM II eBeTeKOll.

9.

foey,n:apb 110 M36paHMIO IIJIII IIHaH KaKaH-JIM6o BJiaeTb, 11po1Iexo,n:Hrn;aH OT M36paHMH TeMM, KOH MMeIOT 11paBO Ha 3TO, He Hy)K,n:aeTeH HM B qbeM eorJiae1rn
IIJIII yTBep)K,n:eHMII.

14.

IlpaBa 11pMHY)KAeHMH II BJiaeTM KapaTeJibHOM 110 OT-

HOIIIeHMIO K JII06oMy KJIMpMKY IIJIII MMpHHMHY' XOTH 6bI II epeTMKY' He MMeeT
HM e111IeKOll, HM eBHrn;eHHIIK.

16.

0TJiyqaTb KOro-JIM6o IIJIII JIMIIIaTb 6o)KeeT-

BeHHbIX eJiy)K6 6e3 eorJiaeJIH 6orOJII06MBOro 3aKOHO,n:aTeJIH JIIO,n:eKoro He 11pe,n:oeTaBJieHO HM e111IeK011y, HM MepeIO, HM ueJioMy IIX eoHMy.

17.

Bee e111IeKO-

llbl MMeIOT o,n:MHaKOBYIO BJiaeTb He11oepe,n:eTBeHHO OT foe110,n:a, II 6o)KeeTBeHHbIM 3aKOHOM He AOKa)Kelllb, qT06bI B .n:yxoBHbIX IIJIII B MaTepMaJibHbIX ,n:eJiax
KTO-JIM6o eTOHJI BbIIIIe IIJIII HJI)Ke ,n:pyroro.

18.

Ilo EO)KbeMy yKa3aHMIO, e eo-

r JiaeMH II pa3pe111eHMH 6oroJII06MBOro 3aKOHo,n:aTeJIH JIIO,n:eKoro' .n:pyrMe e111IeKOllbl, eOBOKYllHO II B OT,n:eJibHOeTM, MoryT OTJiyqaTb pHMeKoro e111IeK011a II
TBOpMTb Ha,n: HMM BCHKOe IIHOe II3BOJieHMe, paBHO, KaK II OH.

N2 42. MaHu<t>ecr Jlro,u;oBHKa BaBapcKoro
0 He3aBHCHMOCTH CBeTCKOH BJiaCTH (8 aBryCTa 1338 r.)
JI10,n:oBMK, Eo)KMeii MMJIOeTbIO, MM11epaTop PMMeKMii M Beer.n:a eBHrn;eHHbIH. Ha BeqHy10 11aMHTb o eeM. XoTH eBM,n:eTeJibeTBa 0601Ix 11paB* HBHO yKa3bIBaIOT' qTo MM11epaTopeKoe .n:oeTOMHeTBO II BJiaeTb eHaqaJia 11p01I301IIJIII He11oepe,n:eTBeHHO OT E,n:MHOro Eora, M Eor qepe3 MM11epaTopa M uapeii MMpa
,n:aBaJI 3aKOHbl po,n:y qeJIOBeqeeKOMY' II qTo 1IM11epaTop e,n:MHeTBeHHO B eMJIY
M36paHJIH TeMM, KOMY M36paHMe Ha,n:Jie)KJIT' eTaHOBMTeH MeTMHHbIM IIMllepaTopoM II He Hy)K,n:aeTeH HM B qbeM yTBep)K,n:eHMII IIJIII o,n:o6peHMII ( eonfirmatio
seu approbatio), TaK KaK B MMpeKMX ,n:eJiax He MMeeT Bb1e111ero Ha 3eMJie, HO
eMy 110,n:qJIHeHbI Bee Hapo,n:hI M H3bIKM, M eaM foe110,n:h HMeye XpMeToe 11pMKa3aJI B03,n:aBaTb Eo)KMe Eory, a KeeapeBo Keeap10; HO TaK KaK HeKOTOpbie,
oeJiellJieHHbie )Ka,n:HoeTbIO II BJiaeTOJII06MeM II He 3HaIOrn;Me HMKaKoro TOJIKY B
IlMeaHMM, HO e61IBIIIMeeH e llYTM eMbieJia II BOBJieqeHHbie BO Bpe,n:Hble KpMBOTOJIKII II rHyeHbie YTBep)K,n:eHMH, 110,n:pbIBaIOT eMJIY II aBTOpMTeT 1IM11epaTopCKOll BJiaeTM II 11paBa Kyp¢10peTOB, .n:pyrMx KHH3eii: II BepHOllOMaHHbIX, JIO)KHO II o6MaHHO YTBep)K,n:aH, qTo IIMllepaTopeKaH BJiaeTb II ,n:oeTOMHeTBO MexoMT OT llallbl II qTo M36paHHblll IIMllepaTopoM He eeTb MeTMHHblll IIMlleparnp

*

fpa)KJJ;aHCKOro H KaHOHHqecKoro.

330
H KOpOJib, ,ll,OKOJie OH He 6y.n.eT nanoii 11JIII anoCTOJibCKl1M npeCTOJIOM YTBepJK.n.eH, o.n.o6peH 11 BeH"llaH; 11 TaK KaK no.n.o6HbIM11 Bpe,ll,HblMl1 yrnepJK,ll,eHII.HMl1 11
TJiernopHbIM ylieH11eM .n.peBHHii Bpar cos.n.aeT cnopbI, Bos6yJK.n.aeT ccopbI, nopoJK.n.aeT CTOJIKHOBeHl1.H, yroTOBJI.HeT M.HTeJK11, TO noceMy' ,ll,Jl.H 1136eJKaHH.H
CTOJib BeJIIIKOfO 3Jia, o6n.HBJI.HeM, c COBeTa II corJiaCII.H KypcpIOpCTOB 11 .n.pyr11x
IIMnepCK11X KH.H3eii, qTo 11MnepaTOpCKOe ,ll,OCTOIIHCTBO II BJiaCTb - e,ll,11HCTBeHHO OT Bora II qTo no npaBy 11 l1CCTap11 np11H.HTOMy 06blqa10 11Mnep1111, pas KTO
1136paH Kypcp10pcTaM11 e,ll,IIHOrJiaCHO 11Jll1 60Jibllil1HCTBOM B 11MnepaTOpbI 11
KOpOJil1, OH TQTqac, B Cl1JIY O,ll,HOfO JIIIIIIb II36paHl1.H, ,ll,OJIJKeH np113HaBaTbC.H
H 11MeHOBaTbC.H 11CTIIHHbIM KOpoJieM 11PIIMCKIIM11MnepaTopoM, BCe JKe nOMaHHbie 11Mnep1111 o6.H3aHbl eMy noBl1HOBaTbC.H, a OH 11MeeT noJIHYIO BJiaCTb 6JIIOCTl1 npaBa 11Mnep1111, COBepIIIaTb BCe, qTo Ha,ll,JieJKl1T 11CTIIHHOMY 11MnepaTopy,
He HYJK.ll.a.HCb HII B o.n.06peH1111, Hl1 B YTBepJK,ll,eHl111, HII B aBTOp11TeTe, Hl1 B
corJiac1111 nanbI, anocTOJibCKOro npeCTOJia, HII KOfO 6bI TO Hl1 6bIJIO ...

NQ 43. PHMCKHH rroxo,zi;. PaTHaJI 110,zi;Mora OrroHY II (981 r.)
En11cKon CTpac6yprcK11ii noIIIJieT 100 JiaTHl1KOB. A66aT Map6axcK11ii
np11Be.n.eT c co6oii 20. IllneiiepcKIIH enlICKon noIIIJieT 20. BopMccK11ii np11Be.n.eT 40. A66aT B11seH6yprcK11ii 0TnpaB11T 50. A66aT JiopIIIcK11ii np11Be.n.eT 50.
Maiim:.1;cK11ii apx1Ien11cKon noIIIJieT 100. KeJibHCK11ii - 100. B10pIJ;6yprcK11ii
en11cKon - 60. A66aT fepccpeJih.ll.CK11ii - 40. fpacp fep6epT np11Be.n.eT 30 II
CbIH ero 6parn 1IJI11 nycTb np11.n.eT c 30 IIJIII np11IIIJieT 40. MerlIHrays c no.n.Moroii Eypxap.n.a nycTb np11Be.n.eT 30. EpaT IIMnepaTopa - 20. fepIJ;or KapJI
[HIIJKHeii JloTap1IHf1I11], OCTaBJieHHbIH ,ll,OMa KaK 3aIIJ;11TH11K CTpaHbl, noIIIJieT
EosoHa c 20 ... feJib.ll.YJibcp c noMOIIJ:bIO a66aTOB [.n.Byx] np11Be.n.eT 12 ... MapKrpacpbI f0Tcpp11.n. 11 ApHyJih.ll. - 40 ...
Apx11en11cKon 3aJibIJ;6yprcKIIii - 70. CTOJibKO JKe PereHc6yprcK11ii en11cKon ... EnlicKon ropo.n.a Ayrc6ypra ... 100. [Bcero .n.yxoBHbie BbICTaBJI.HIOT
OKOJIO 1500 qeJioBeK, a CBeTCK11e OKOJIO 500].

NQ 44. PHMCKHH rroxo,zi;. Yrpoaa rrocroeM
EcTb y BepoHIJ;eB .n.peBHl1H 06b1qaii, KOTOpbIM OHl1 nOJib3YIOTC.H, KaK .n.aBHeii 11MnepampCKOH npl1B11Jier11eii: II no nyT11 II3-3a Mbn B fopo.n. II nplI B03BpaIIJ;eHIIII orry.n.a noBeJI1ITeJI1I P11MCK11e* He npOXO,ll,.HT qepe3 ropo.n. [Bepotty ],
.n.a6bI CBOIIM np11XO,ll,OM He no.n.BeprHyTb ero orrycTOIIIeHHIO, a nepenpaBJI.HIOTC.H
HeCKOJibKO BbIIIIe ropo.n.a qepes peKy 3q ITO MOCTY' HaBO,ll,IIMOMY ,ll,Jl.H Hl1X BepOHIJ;aMl1.

*

T.e.: Tyi'J.a «KopoIIb PHMCKIIMi>, OTTyi'J.a -

«IIMrrepaTopi> ..

331

NQ 45. BH6aJih~ H3Bem;aer narry 06 H36paHHH
<l>p~pHXa I [BH6aJib~ nHmeT nane 06pam;eHHe]
BOT, ,l(oeTorrot.J:TeHHblH 0Teu;, t.J:ero 51 6o51Jle51, TO M eJiycIHJIOeb. I1 He,a:apoM
51, KaK 6b1 IIOA BJIM51HMeM 6o)KeeTBeHHOrO lI rrpe,a:BMA51IIJ;ero ,a:yxa, B 6blTHOeTb
MOIO y Bae He eKpbIBaJI M HeMOJit.J:HO rrpeAJiaraJI M HaeTaMBaJI, t.J:To6 Bbl 6esoTJiaraTeJibHO saKJIIOl.JMJIM e pHMeKMM Hapo,a:oM MHp, eeJIM TOJlbKO OH IIOl.JeTeH
lI BepeH. XoT51 Mbl eoBeprneHHO He rrpe,a:t.J:yBeTBOBaJIM 3TOT eJiyqaii*' 0 KOTopoM
Mbl no errpaBeMMBOeTM rop10eM, HO Bee-TaKM 6bIJIM TeeHMMbl TaKMM rrpe,a:t.J:yBeTBMeM 6y,a:ymero, KaK 6bl Barna HatJ;e)K,a:a, KOTopy10 Bbl B03blMeJIM OTHOeMTeJibHO 6y,a:yru;ero rroxo,a:a, He IIOKOJie6aJiaeb TeM MJIM lIHblM Mexo,a:oM eo6blTMH,
M6o MHoroe M3 Toro, t.J:TO Mbl rrpot.IJIM, yeJiblrnaJIM M yBMti:eJIM o ,a:eJiax M eJioBax Me)K,a:y ,a:oeTOl.JTHMblMM rrepBOeB51IIJ;eHHMKaMM fopo,a:a, yeTparnaJIO Hae
AOJI)KHblM 6eerroKoiieTBOM. I1 XOT51 Barna OeBe,a:oMJieHHOeTb 060 BeeM IIOJIO)KeHMM repMaHeKoro KOpOJieBeTBa HbIHe ysHaeT rro,a:po6HO KaK M3 IIMeeM eJiaBHOro ebrna Barnero, roerro,a:MHa Harnero, Herro6e,a:MMeiirnero PMMeKoro KopoJI51
<DpH,a:pHxa, TaK B oeo6eHHOeTM M3 IIMeeM rrpe,a:aHHblX ebIHOB BarnMX, HMeHHO
HeK0Topb1x errMeKorron, o,a:HaKo Harna rrpe,a:aHHOeTb BaM M MaTepH Harneii,
eB51TOH PMMeKOH u:epKBM, He AOJI)KHa oeJia6eBaTb B rroeMJibHOM rrpe,a:yse,a:oMJieHMM sarnero BeJIMt.J:M51 o ,a:eJiax, oeo6eHHO Bae Kaea10ru;Mxe5I. ~Be51KMH rroeryrraii no y ,a:oeTOBepeHMIO esoero yMa~. * *
Kor,a:a, Bossparu;a51eb OT Bae, Mbl rrpH6bIJIM B Illrreiiep, ,a:o Hae ,a:ornJia
MOJIBa y)KaeHee Be51KOro eeyxa, eTParnHee cpypHH, l.JTO sa 3 AH51 IIOKMttyJI 3TY
)KM3Hh eJia,a:t.J:aiirnMii M rrpe,a:aHHeiirnMii ebrn Barn KoHpa,a:, PIIMeKMH HeKor,a:a
eBeTJieiirnMii KOpO.llb. IlyeTb He eoMHeBaeTe51 lI He errparnMBaeT Barna 1lyTKOeTb, eKOJib BeJIMKa51 eKop6b o6b51.lla HarnM ,a:yrnM BeJie,a:eTBMe IIOTepH roey,a:ap51 MMJIOeTMBOrO lI MHJIOeep,a:oro K HaM, BeJie,a:eTBMe orraeeHM51 6y,a:yru;MX
M3MeHeHMH B MMrrepHII. IloceMy Mbl e BeJIHt.J:aihrreii 6bICTpOTOH OTII.llbl.llll B
KeJibH, t.J:T06b1 KeJibHeKMii [apx11eimcKorr] B rrpe,a:eTo51ru;eM BbIIIOJIHeHMH rocy,a:apcrneHHoro ,a:eJia 6bIJI CTOJib )Ke oeTopo)KeH lI He3aBMCJ1M, CKO.llb OH epe,a:M
eBOHX o6eerret.J:eH OT Be51KOro HaTJICKa 6ypHOro eo6paHM51.
3aTeM Hal.JaJIM BbICrnMe KH513b51 rrepeebIJiaTbe51 BeeTHMKaMM lI IIMCbMaMM 0
rrpe.a:eT051IIJ;eM COBeru;aHMM tJ:.7151 M36paHMR KOp0.7151. I1 TaK CJIYl.JMJIOCb, XOT51
pacet.J:IITbIBaJIII Ha rrp116bITIIe BeCbMa HeMHor11x, OtJ:HaKO rpoMa.lI;HOe KOJIIIt.J:eeTBO OIITMMaTOB eo6paJioeb Ha 13-bIM .a:eHb IIOCJie cMepTM yrroMRttyTOro BeJIMKOro
rocy,a:ap51 B ropo,a: <DpaHKcpypT. I1 BOT, rrp11 e.a:11Ho.z:i:yrnHOM cornac1111, sepHee,
rrp11 APY)KHOM copeBHoBaHHII Bcex, 6brn 11s6paH c e11JibHeiirn11M o.z:i:o6peH11eM
Beex TOT, KTO Terrepb BJia.a:eeT, - <l>pH.z:i:p11x, rrpe)K.z:i:e repu:or lliBa6eKMii.

* CMepTb Kottpa,na III.
** K P1IMmrnaM, XIV, 5.

332
11 3aTeM Ha IUITblM .n:eHb c paBHOM pa.n;OCTbIO II II3YMJieHIIeM, CBHW:eHHblM
MIIp0110Ma3aHIIeM 11epBOCBHW:eHHIIKOB, 110 o6bl1Ial0 11pe.n;KOB, 6bIJI B03Be.n;eH B
AxeHe Ha KopoJieBCKIIM 11pecToJI ...
MHorne roBopwnr, lJTOObl OH BCJie.n: 3a B03JIO)l(eHMCM KOpDHbl 110.n:rnep.n:MJI M
ocyrn:ecTBMJI 11TaJibHHCKIIM 11oxo.n:, KoTOpblM ero

.n:H.n:H

rnep.n:o peIIIMJI. Ha cJie.n:y-

IOW:MM )Ke .n:eHb coBeT M yBern:aHIIe KaK KeJibHCKoro, TaK II 11pIIcyTCTBOBaBIIIMX
TaM ellMCKOllOB 6bIJIII: B TOT )Ke .n:eHb, 11pMHHB BOIIHCKyIO 11pIICHJY, 11pe.n:rrpIIHHTb
11TaJibaHCKMM 11oxo.n: .ll:JIH ornparn:eHIIH o6II.ll: OT a11ocTOJibCKoro 11pecTOJia. Ho
CBeTCKMe KHH3bH, MO)KeT 6b1Tb, 110 11pOCTOTe HaCTOMlIMBO 110.ll:fOBapIIBaJIM, He llO.n:o6aeT-.n:e llPII TaKOM llOJIO)KeHMM rocy.n:apIO CBH3bIBaTbCH CTOJib TH)l(KMM o6ern:aHIIeM, .n:a6b1 HarJIOCTb 6yttTOBUJ:IIKOB, Kor.n:a Y3HaIOT o c11e1IIH0M ero BblCTYIIJieHMII,
He .n:o111J1a 6b1 .n:o KpaM:HeM: CTe11eHM 6e3yMCTBa; 110.n:o6aJio 6b1 TaK)l(e, lJT06b1 OH
rrpMIIIeJI 110 BaIIIeMy 30BY, a He 110 co6crneHHOMy llOlJIIHY. BOT KaK JierKo .n;emeJlbHOCTb 11peBpaTMJiaCb B 110Koli. Ho cep.ll:lle 11apeoo B PYIIe DO)l{Meii M 110 3aCJiyraM
110.n:.n:attHbIX OH o6parn:aeT ero, Ky.n:a xoqeT .
. .. 11 .n:a 6y.n:eT c BaMM aHreJI 11peMy.n:pocTII, lJT06b1 Bbl o6bHBIIJIM ero KopoJieM M 3aW:MTHIIKOM PMMCKOM 11epKBM II BHYIIIMJIII .n:eJiaTb eMy caMoMy II ero
KHH3bHM TO, lJTO llOCJIY)l{MJIO 6bl Ha CJiaBy BCeJieHCKOM 11epKBII M Ha c11aceHMe
xpIICTMaHCKOro Hapo.n:a.

N2 46. <l>pH)J;pHX I H3Bem;aeT rrarry EBreHHJI
0 CBOCM H36paHHH (1152 r.)
Bo3JII06JieHHeMIIIeMy OTllY CBOeMy Bo XpMcTe, EBreHIIIO, BepxoBHoMy 11epBOCBHW:eHHMKY CBHTOM PMMcKoM: 11epKBM, cDpll.ll:pIIx, DO)l(IIeM: MMJIOCTbIO, KopoJib pMMJIHH II Bcer.n:a CBHW:eHHblM, BO BCeM CbIHOBHIOIO JII060Bb M ,ll;OJl)l(HOe
B foc110.n:e 11oqTeHMe.
0TllY OTeqecTBa 110.n:o6aeT 6.n;MTeJibHO IICllOJIHHTb M co6JIIO,ll;aTb llOCTaHOBJieHIIH 11pe)l(HMX KOpOJieM: M HeyKOCHIITeJibHO llpII.n:ep)KMBaTbCH CBHW:eHHbIX
110CTaHOBJieHMM, .n:a6b1 cyMeJI BpyqeHHoe eMy EoroM 11apcrno He MeHee yKpaCIITb 3aKoHaMII II ttpaBaMII, qeM 3aW:IIW:aTb opy)l(IIeM M BOMHOM. Ilo3ToMy,
CJie.n;yH CBHW:eHHOMY o6bilJaIO PIIMCKOM IIMllepIIII, 11epe.n:aHHOMy HaM HaIIIMMII
11pa.n:e.n:aMII, IIMllepaTopaMM II KOpOJIHMII, Mbl peIIIIIJIII OTllpaBMTb llOCJia HaIIIero, My)Ka BepHoro II .n:o6poro, 11oqTeHHOro 36eprap.n:a, e111IcK011a EaM6eprcKoro, 11pMcoe.n;MHIIB K HeMy 3JIIIHa, HapeqeHHoro TpIIpcKoro e11IIcK011a, II
A.n:aMa, a66aTa 36ep6axcKoro, K BaIIIeMy CBHTeliIIIecrny MK fopo.n:y, lJT06b1
Bbl MorJIM y3HaTb KaK M3 .n:aHHbIX HacToHrn:ero llIICbMa, TaK II M3 IIX ycTHOro
coo6rn:emrn 0 HaIIIeM BOI1apeHMII M 0 llOJIO)l(eHIIM BCero KOpOJieBCTBa II 11epKBII. 11TaK, Kor.n:a yro.n:Ho 6bIJIO rp03HoMy Cy.n;IIII, .ll:blXaHIIe KHH3eM: 11peceKa10rn:eMy' rp03HOMy 3eMHbIM 11apHM, B pyKe Koero BCHKaH BJiaCTb M CMJia
11apCTB, Bbl3BaTb M3 3TOM )KJI3HII 6Jia)l(eHHOM llaMHTII HaIIIero ,ll;H,ll;IO II KOpMMJlblla CJiaBHoro PIIMCKOro KOpOJIH KoHpa.n;a, TO BCe KHH3bH KOpOJieBcTBa KaK

333
6bI CB.HTbIM .l(yxoM llOLl,BlffHYTbie Ha 17-bIH .n.eHb llOeJie ero KOWillHbl eOIIIJilleb
B ropo.n. <DpaHKcpypT, I<aK eaMll, TaK 11plleJiaB .n.o6pbIX 11pe.n.eTaBllTeJieH, ll 6e3
KaKOfO-Jill60 3aMe.ll,JieHll5l B TOT )Ke .ll,eHb e BeJiliKllM eorJiaerreM, Hlle11oeJiaHHbIM OT Bora, eaMli KHH3b5l Ii oeTaJibHbie BeJibMO)l(ll, llpll o.n.o6peHllll Ii pa.n.oeTll
Beero Hapo.n.a BhI6paJIR Hae Ha BepIIIRHY u:aperna. 3aTeM, Ha MTbIH .n.eHh, T.e.
e.n.Ba 11poIIIJia eepe.n.RHa BeJirrKoro IloeTa, e paBHbIM u TaKRM )Ke eorJiaeReM,
11p1i 6Jiaro)l(eJiaTeJibHbIX o.n.o6peHR.HX Hapo.n.a, B ropo.n.e AxeHe u:aperneHHO
llOMa3aJili eJieeM oeBmu;eHll.H pyKaMll 11pe.n.aHHOfO BaIIIero ebIHa ApHOJib.ll,a,
KeJibHeKoro MllTpo110JirrTa, u 11oqTeHHbIX e11rreK0110B u e TOp:>KeeTBeHHbIM 6JiaroeJioBenrreM OTBeJili Ha u:apeKllll 11peCTOJI. Mb! :>Ke BepHOCTbIO eBeTeKllX KHH3eH, paBHO KaK ll eB.HTbIM 6JiaroeJIOBeHlleM apxu11aCTbipeH:, o6JieqeHHbie MHOroo6pa3Hb1Mli 3HaKaMR u:apeKoro .n.oeTOllHeTBa, BOellpll.HJill .n.yx u:apeKRH,
CTpeM.Heb BeeMll eRJiaMu .ll.Ylllll, eorJiaeHo HaIIIeMy TOp:>KeeTBeHHOMy o6eiu:aHliIO, KOTopoe MbI 11pII5IJIII li3 yeT 11paBOCJiaBHOfO CB.HID:eHeTBa BO BpeM.H BeHqaHRH u 110Ma3attRH Ha u:apeTBO, BaM .HBJIHTb 11oqeT Ii JII060Bb; MaTepu HaIIIeil,
eBHTOH PuMeKoil u:epKBll, u BeeM JIIOMM ee - 6b1eTpyIO u .ll.OJI)l(HYIO e11paBe.n.JillBoeTb ll 3aID:llTy; B.ll,OBaM, errpoTaM ll BeeMy Hapo.n.y' HaM BBepeHHOMY' coxpaH.HTb y11paBy Ii Mup. IloeJIRKY eeTb .n.Ba HaqaJia, KOllMll Beeu;eJio eeM: Mrrp
y11paBJI.HeTe.H, - qrrH .n.yxoBHbIH ll BJiaeTb u:apeKM, - Mbl fOTOBbI 6JiaroroBeHHO 11peKJIOHllTb BbIIO 110.n. BJiaeTb Beex eJiy:>KRTeJieii: Xpuern, .n.a6b1 Eo:>KrrHM crrocrremeCTBOBaHHeM BO BpeMeHa HaIIIero rrpaBJieHll.H eJIOBO Eo)l(IIe He
oeKy.ll,eBaJIO ll HliKTO He oeMeJillBaJie.H 6bI 6e3 T.H:>K.Koro HaKa3aHll5I HapyIIIaTb
CB.HTOOTeqeeKlle 11pamUia, 11oeTaHOBJieHRH eB.HTbIX eo6opoB, .n.a6bI llOeTO.HHHblM
pBeHrreM HaIIIllM u:epKOBb BeeJieHeKM yKpaIIIaJiaeb .n.oeTOHHbIMll ee 11pllB1iJiefll5IMll u BeJiuque PrrMeKoil uM11epuu BepHyJIOeb 6b1 e 110MOID:bIO Eo:>KueM: K
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rpacpa A,n:oJibcpa. TaKJKe 6y.n.yT OHM BC5£qecKII IIOJib30BaTbC51 JiecaMII ... c TeM,
1ITO MOryT py6IITb B HIIX .n.epeBb51, KaK M51 TOnKII, TaK II Ha Kopa6JIII, Ha JJ.OMa
II npoqIIe ropOJJ;CKIIe nocTpOHKII, HO py6IITb 6es o6MaHa, a IIMeHHO: He rrpoJJ;aBaTb 6es pas6opy II 6es Heo6xoJJ;IIMOCTII y.n.o6HbIX II eme npIIroJJ.HbIX JJ;JI51
ce651 Kopa6JieH II He CTpOIITb B3aMeH .n.pyrIIX, a TaKJKe He CIIJiaBJI51Tb Jiecy Ha
rrpo.n.aJKy JJ;pyrIIM Hapo.n.aM. CBepx Toro, rrycTb OHM rracyT CBOIIX CBIIHeH, MeJIKIIH II KpynHbIH CKOT no Bceli seMJie rpacpa A,n:oJibcpa, o.n.HaKo c TeM qT06b1
CBIIHbII II Beeb CKOT MOfJIII B TOT JKe .n.eHb BepHyTbC51 c naCTb6bI B saroHbI, OTKyJJ;a OHM BbIIIIJIII yTpoM.
3. CBepx rnro, Ha y.n.oBJiernopeHIIe rrx ttyJKA MbI noJKaJIOBaJIII rrM Bee npaBa, KOTOpbie ycTynrrJI HM II CKpenIIJI CBOell. nprrBIIJierrreli nepBblH OCHOBaTeJib
MecTa feHprrx, HeKor.n.a repI.J;or CaKCOHCKIIH, a IIMeHHO: naTpoHaT Ha.LI. npIIXOJJ;CKOH I.J;epKOBbRJ lJ:eBbl MapIIII, qT06b1 no CMepTII OJJ.HOro CB51II.J;eHHIIKa ropoJKaHe, KaK 6bI naTpOHbl, BbI6IIpaJIII ce6e .n.pyroro, KOro 3aXOT51T' II npeJJ.CTaBJI51JIII ero enIICKony.
4. K TOMY JKe nycTb OHR CB060)J.HO rrepe)J.BIIraRJTC51 c TOBapaMII CBOIIMII no
BceMy repI.J;orcrny 6es no6opoB II 6es noIIIJIIIHbI, sa IICKJIRJqeHrreM ApTeJieH6ypra *, r.n.e nycTb ynJiaqIIBaIDT 5 .n.eHapIIeB c TeJierII; cro.n.a npIICOBoKynJ151eM,
qTo eCJIII OHM B TeqeHIIe ro.n.a II JJ.H51 BepHyTC51, TO MOryT npoBe3TII o6paTHO 6es
nOIIIJIIIHbl, CB060JJ;HO CTOJibKO TeJier' CKOJibKO npoBe3JIII zy.n.a, yIIJiaTIIB sa HIIX
BbIIIIeynoM51HYTYID nOIIIJIIIHY.
5. EcJIII KTO-JIII6o II3 HIIX 3aMeIIIaH 6y.n.eT B KaKOM-JIII6o .n.eJie, TO B npe.n.eJiax BCeH HaIIIeH IIMnepIIII II B [caKCOHCKOM] repI.J;orcrne nyCTb onpaBJJ;bIBaeTC51 nepe.n. cy.n.heH .n.aHHOH MeCTHOCTII, He no.n.Bepra51Cb 3aKJIRJqeHIIRJ, no npaBy
yJKe ynoMHHyrnro ropoJJ;a.
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II JJ;H51 HenpIIKOCHOBeHHO xpaHIIJIIICb B JJ;OMe, r.n.e OH yMep, ecJIII cJiyqa:ifHO He
51BllTC51 B TeqeHIIe yKa3aHHoro cpoKa KTO-HII6yJJ.b, eMy 6JIH3KIIH, KOTOpbIH II
noJiyqIIT [ HacJie.n.crno] cornacHo ropo.n.cKoMy npaBy. EcJIII JKe B TeqeHIIe aTOro
* Ha Hu:arneil: 3Jlb6e.

339
BpeMeHH He rrpH,71;eT HHKTO H3 ero 6JIH)KHHX, BCe, OCTaBJieHHOe HM, BbI,7];aeTC51
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9.

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IOTC51 B HeO,IJ;HOKpaTHO Ha3BaHHbIH ropo,71; H CB060,7J;HO YX0,71;51T H3 Hero 6e3 rroIIIJIHHbl H 6e3 TOprOBbIX rro6opoB.

10.

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c51 CIO,IJ;a H CB060,7J;HO rroKyrraIOT' rryCTb TOJibKO IIJiaT51T IIOJIO)KeHiiyro IIOIIIJIHtty ...

11.

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12.

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MOHeTy CTOJibKO pa3 B ro,1J;y' CKOJlbKO 3aXOT51T.

I1

eCJIH MOHeT'-lHK CIIJIYTOBaJI,

TO rryCTb yrrJiaTHT rreHIO; H3 rreHH IIOJIOBHHa rroi1:,7J;eT rpa)K,IJ;aHaM, a OCTaJibHOe
KOpOJieBCKOH BJiaCTH.

13.

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HJIH yKperrJieHH51MH TeppHTOpHH BbIIIIeHa3BaHHOro ropo,71;a HM BHyTpH, HM BHe
ero rrpe,71;eJioB; ecJIH )Ke KT0-m160 KaKHM-JIH6o crroco6oM coopyAIIT yt<perrJieHHe Ha cyIIIe HJIII Ha BO,IJ;e, TO rryCTb OHM, orrnpa51Cb Ha HaIIIy BOJIIO, ero H3BJieKyT, a yKperrJieHIIe yHH'-lTO)KaT.
· ropoAa H 6yAeT yJIH'-leH, rrJiaTHT

14. A

60

A

KTO rrpeAHaMepeHHO 3axBaTIIT 3,IJ;aHHH

cpyHTOB.

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15.

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16.

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e,IJ;HHOJIH'-lHOH KJI51TBOH, '-leM '-ly)KaKy AOKa3aTh rrpoTIIBHOe. Ecm1 )Ke KTO-JIII6o
II3 OKpeCTHOH 3eMJIH* CTaHeT ocrrapIIBaTb '-lbl0-JIII6o CB060AY H 3aII0,71;03peHHbIH CMO)KeT AOKa3aTb, '-lTO OH ro,7]; II ,IJ;eHb rrpO)KIIJI B ropo,71;e 6e3 '-lbero-JIH6o
rrpoTeCTa, TO 3aII0,71;03peHHbIH BblXO,IJ;HT H3 ,IJ;eJia '-llICT.

17. I1

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IIIHX HaMII HII B '-leM He 6hIJIH YMaJieHbl, a Hao6opoT, BO BCeM, HaCKOJibKO 3TO
HaM IIOKa)KeTC51 IIOJie3HbIM, B03pOCJIH, TO Mbl, KpoMe Toro, )KaJiyeM HM HaIIIeIO
MHJIOCTblO, '-lT06bI OHM B rrpe,71;eJiax .a:o Toro MeCTa, KyAa 3aX0,7J;HT BO BpeMR
pa3JIHBa peKa, Ha3bIBaeMa51 TpaBa, IIOJib30BaJIHCb BO BCeM TeM )Ke CYAOM H
CB060,7J;OH, KaK II B rrpe,7];eJiax ropo,71;a. TaK)Ke )KeJiaeM Mbl, '-lT06bI OHII B rrpe.n;eJiax ,71;0 MOCTa IIOJib30BaJIIICb TeM )Ke cyAOM H CB060,7J;OH, KaK H B ropo,71;e.

* Illayett6yprCKHX H paQe6yprcKMX

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340
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HIOHh 1226 r.
<DpH,n:pHx BTopoii, Emirneii crrocrrernecrnyromeii MHJIOCThIO HMrrepaTop
PHMCKHM, KopoJib I1epycaJIHMCKHii H Cm.J;HJIMMCKMM ... )KaJiyeM ... :

1.

IlycTb Bhirnetta3BaHHhIM ropo.n: Jiro6eK 6y,n:eT Bcer,n:a CBo6o,n:HhIM, a

HMeHHO oco6eHHbIM ropo,n:oM ll HMrrepCKMM MeCTOM, 3aBMC51rn;MM Herrocpe,n:cTBeHHO OT HMrrepaTopCKOM BJiacnr, HIIKOr,n:a ll HM B KaK1Ie BpeMeHa He OTTOp)KllMbIM OT ceii BJiaCTM.

2.

IlocTaHOBJI51eM TaK)Ke, qT06h1 Bcer.n:a rrpH tta3HaqeHHM HMrrepHeii ,ll.JI51

yrrpaBJieHM51 3TMM ropo,n:oM KaKoro-JIH6o cpona Ha 3TY ,ll.OJI)KHOCTb He Ha3HaqaJIOCb JIMIJ;O He H3 coce,n:HHX H corrpe,n:eJihHhIX c caMHM ropo,n:oM MecT; paBHbIM o6pa3oM TaK)Ke, qTo6bI yKperrJieHHe, Ha3hIBaeMoe TpaBeMIOH,n:e, ttaxo,n:HJIOCb B yrrpaBJiemrn Toro )Ke cporTa.

3.

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yBeJI~MTb

rrpe,n:eJibI caMoro ropo,n:a, MhI )KaJiyeM H rrpM:coe,n:HH51eM Kero rrpe-

,a;eJiaM ....

4.

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He B3bICKIIBaJiaCb IIOllIJIIIHa B 0Jib,ll.eCJIO.

5.

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o6o3HaqeHIIeM Ramero HMeHM, KaKOBOe rrpaBO rrpo,n:ep)KMTC51 B TeqeHIIe )Kll3Hll ttarneii, paBHO H B03JII06JieHHoro ChIHa Harnero feHpHxa, CJiaBHOro KopoJI51 PHMCKoro; II 3a 3TO OHM 6y;1:yT e)Kero,n:Ho rrpe,n:ocTaBJI51Th KYPIIII Harneii
rneCTb,ll.eC.SIT MapoK cepe6pa. A c BbICTYTIJieHIIeM HOBOro rrpeeMHIIKa Harnero
rrpaBO qeKaHa MOHeTbl rrpII ycJIOBIIII TOro )Ke B3HOCa 6y,n:eT B0306HOBJI.SITbC51 Ha
Beeb cpoK ero )Kil3HII. I1 TaK, KaK Bblllle CKa3aHO, Mbl IIOCTaHOBIIJIII co6JIIO,n:aTb OTHOCIITeJibHO MOHeTbl rrpeeMCTBeHHO BCeM HallIIIM IIOTOMKaM.

6.

CBepx Toro, Mbl IIOCTaHOBJI51eM II )KaJiyeM, qT06bI HM Mbl, HM KTO-JIH6o

II3 IIMrrepaTopoB, rrpeeMHIIKOB HallIIIX, He Tpe6oBaJI OT HHX 3aJIO)KHlIKOB; co6JIIO,ll.eHIIe )Ke BepHOCTII HMrrepIIII rryCTb IIOKOIITC51 e,n:HHCTBeHHO Ha IIX rrpIIC51re, qeMY II BepIITb.

7.

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HJIH MOpeM pa,n:H TOprOBbIX ,n:eJI CBOHX, rrycTb BCer.n.a rrp116b1BaIOT coxpaHHO
11 yxo,ll..SIT 6e3orracHO, TOJibKO 6h1 rrJiaTIIJIII HaJIOr, KaKOM IIOJiaraeTC51.

8.

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6roprepoB, Kor.n.a 6bI OHM HM OTrrpaBIIJIIICb B AttrJIIIIO, OT Toro .n.ypttoro 3JIOyrroTpe6JieHH51 II T5J)KeJIOro BbIMOraTeJibCTBa, KOTOpbie KeJibHIJ;bl, TIIJlbl.J;bI* II IIX
COI03HIIKII, rOBOp.SIT' rrpII,n:yMaJIH rrpOTHB HIIX; 03HaqeHHOe 3JioyrroTpe6JieHIIe
Mbl COBeprneHHO ym1qTO)KaeM; HO IIJCTb OHM IIOJib3JIOTC51 TeM )Ke rrpaBOM H

*

JKnTeJIH Tnm1 B foJIJiaH,ll.HH Ha Baane, pyKaBe Pentta, HH)Ke HnMBeretta.

341
nOJIO)KeHIIeM, KaKHM nOJih3YIOTC.SI, KaK H3BeCTHO, KeJihHIJ;bI, THJibIJ;bl H HX coI03HHKH.

9.

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Ha3hIBaeMhIH Priwolc, nyCTb OHM BJiaJ],eIOT HM Ha ropOJJ.CKOM npaBe, KOTOpoe
Ha3hIBaeTC.SI npaBOM ropOJ],CKOM qepTbl

10.

(Weichbild).

CBepx Toro, MhI )KeJiaeM H npHKa3bIBaeM co6JI10,naTh HaKpenKo, qTo-

6h1 HHKTO, 3HaTHblH HJIH nOJ.1,JIOpOJ.1.HbIM, u:epKOBHHK HJIH MHp.SIHHH, HHKOrJ],a
He B3JJ.YMaJI coopy,nHTh yKpenJieHH.SI MJIH 3aMoK 6JIH3 peKH TpaBhI, B npeJ.1,eJiax OT ropoJ.1,a BBepx no TeqeHHIO peKH J.1.0 ee HCTOKa, H OT ropoJ.1,a BHH3 J.1.0
Mop.SI, H no o6e CTOpOHbl peKH Ha pacCTO.SIHHH Jl.BYX MHJih; npH 3TOM CTpO)KaMrne BOCnpemaeM KaKoMy 6bI TO HM 6bIJIO nOCTOpOHHeMy <t>orTy B npe.n;eJiax
ropo,nCKHX npo.SIBJI.SITb CBOIO BJiaCTb HJIH TBOpHTb cyJl..

11. l1

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' BC.SIKHX JJ.YPHbIX H HenoJIO)KeHHbIX B3bICKaHHH, TO Mbl HaKpenKO 3anpemaeM
Ha BceM npoCTpaHCTBe repu;orcTBa CaKCOHCKoro B3HMaTb HJIH B3hICKHBaTh c
HHX TOT no6op, KOTOpbIM 30BeTC.SI ungelt*.

12.

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· o6JiacTeii JJ.a He JJ.ep3HeT BocnpernncTBOBaTh nOJJ.B03Y Bcero Heo6xoJ.1,HMoro B
ropOJJ. JI106eK, OTKyJ.1,a 6hI TO HM 6bIJIO, H3 faM6ypra JIM, HJIH H3 Pau;e6ypra,
'

mrn H3 BuTTeH6epra [Ha 3Jib6e], RJIJI 113 lI.IBepuHa~ HJIH-;l{a)Ke H3o Bceii 3eMJIH
BypBHHa** H Chrna ero; H no caMHM 3THM 3eMJI.SIM JII06oii JI106eKCKHii 610prep,
6oraTbIM JIM, 6eJJ.HhIM JIM, nycTh rrpoxo,n:HT Jl.JI.SI KYIIJIM M rrpo,n:a)Ktt 6ecrrperr.SITCTBeHHO.

14.

CBepx Toro, MhI )KeJiaeM H CTporo npeJ.1.nHcbrnaeM, qT06b1, ecJIH BhIIIIe-

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'

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16.

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Harnero, H .n;oHhIHe ...

NQ 55. OcHoBaHHe raM6ypra. 1189 r .
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*

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**

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342
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npaBy JlI06eKCKOMY.
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xo,n:aTa:HcTBOBaHnn ,n:pyro:H rpaMOThI, OT rocno,n:nHa Halllero nMnepaTopa.

N2 56. rpaMOTa HMnepaTopa <l>pH,ZJ;pHXa I
ropoµ;y raM6ypry (7 Ma.JI 1189 r.)
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xo,n:arn:Hcrny JII06e3Horo rr BepHoro HaIIIero rpacpa A,n:oJibcpa IIIayeH6yprcKoro, )KaJiyeM lI ,n:apyeM ero ropo)KaHaM, )KlfBYIIIHM B faM6ypre, qTo6bI OHM CB060,n:Ho rrpnxo,n:HJIH If yxo,n:HJIIf co CBOHMH Kopa6JI51MH, TOBapaMH If JIIOAbMH OT
MOp51 ao BbIIIIeyKa3aHHOro ropo,n:a, He nJiaT51 MbITa If nOIII.lllIHbI. EcJIH )Ke OHH
Be3yT ,n:o6po [ qy)Ke3eMHbIX] roCTe:H, TO nycTb OHM nOCbIJiaIOT BepHOro roHu;a
B IlITa,n:e*' KOTOpbIH noa rrpHC51fOH nOJIO)KlfT IIOIIIJIHHY no KOJilfqecrny TOBapa. EcJIH )Ke c6opII1IIKY noKa)KeTC51, qTo TOT B qeM-JIH6o yTaH.71 nolllJIHHy, TO
rrycTb OH CJie,n:yeT 3a HMM B f aM6ypr' qTo6bI TOT 3arrJiaTH.ll nOIIIJIHHY H rreHIO

*

fopo.n.oK rrptt 3Jib6e HM:>Ke faM6ypra.

343
no 3aKoHy.

11

Ha BCeM rrporn::>Kemrn: ,a:ep:>KaBbl BbIIUeyKa3aHHOfO HX fOCIIO,a:II-

Ha rpacpa Mbl OCBo6o:>K,a:aeM ropo:>KaH OT B3MMaHH.H MbITa ll IIOIIIJIMHbl.

MM

:>Ke ,a:apyeM Mbl rrpHBHJiermo, qTo6bI HHKTO He CTpOMJI KaKoro-Jirr6o

6ypra OKOJIO rrx ropo,a:a M Ha ,a:Be MMJIH B oKpy:>KHOCTM ... UlaJihHettmrre cTaTbM TO:>K,a:ecrneHHbI no co,a:ep:>Kamno c Jiro6eKcKoli rpaMoToli

NQ SS,

TOJibKO

H3JIO:>KeHbI Kopoqe] ... .llatto B Hell:6ypre Ha .llyttae*.

N257.C'Ipac6ypr.,ll;peuHeliIIIeeropo~cKoe

rrpauo (npH6JIH3HTCllbHO, KOHe:u; XII u.)
1.

Ilo o6pa3y ,a:pyrrrx ropo,a:oB ocHoBaH CTpac6ypr c TaKOIO JibroToro, qTQ-

6h1 BC.HKHH qeJIOBeK, KaK qy)l(Oll, TaK ll MeCTHblll ypo:>KeHeu, Bcer,a:a H OTO Bcex
IIOJib30BaJIC.H B HeM MHpOM.

2.

KTo c0Bep11IHJI qpecTyrrJieHrre BHe ropo,a:a rr H3 CTpaxa HaKa3aHH.H y6e-

:>KaJI B Hero, rryCTb rrpe6bmaeT 6e30IIaCHO. HHKTO caMoyrrpaBHO ,a:a He IIOC.HfHeT Ha Hero, OH :>Ke IIOCJIYIIIHO ll c rDTOBHOCTblO rrpe,a:cTaHeT rrepe,a: cy,a:oM.

3.

HHKTO ,a:a He rrpHHOCHT B ropo,a: ,a:o6b1qy HJIH Harpa6JieHHOe ll ,a:a He oc-

MeJIHTC.H xpaHHTb TaM, ecJIH He fOTOB OTBeTCTBOBaTb rrepe,a: Bc.HqecKHM HCTUOM.

4.

HuKTO ,a:a He rrpMBOtJ:HT B ropo,a: rrJieHHHKa 6e3 rrpe,a:b.HBJieHHSI ero

IIIYJibTxelicy HJIH cy,a:be, KOTOpbIM ,a:o cy,a:a 6y,a:eT ,a:ep:>KaTb ero.

S.

Bee ,a:oJI:>KHOCTHbie JIMUa cero ropo,a:a XOMT rro,a: BJiaCTbIO errrrcKorra, TaK

qTo Ha3HaqaeT llX JIH6o OH caM, JIH6o Te, KOfO OH IIOCTaBHT; CTapIIIHe orrpe,a:eJI.HIOT MJiaAIIIHX, KaK eCJIM 6bI OHH 6bIJill rro,a:qrrHeHbl HM.

6. A

errrrcKorr He ,a:oJI:>KeH .n:aBaTb o6rn:ecrneHHOM .n;oJI:>KHOCTH HHaqe KaK

JIHUaM H3 MHpa MeCTHOM uepKBH.

7.

qeTbipex AOJI:>KHOCTHblX JIHU, Ha KOTOpbIX Jie:>KHT yrrpaBJieHHe ropo,a:oM,

errn:cKorr HHBecTupyeT cBoero BJiaCTbIO, a uMeHHO IIIYJibTxe:ika, 6yprrpa¢a,
MblTHHKa ll HaqaJibHHKa MOHeTbl.

0

IIIYJibTXelice, KOTOpbIH 30BeTCSI TaK:>Ke causidicus** MbI cKa:>KeM rrpe:>K-

.n:e Bcero.

8.

lllyJibTXelic BrrpaBe HMeTb B CBOeM pacrropSI:>KeHHll ABYX IIOMO:W:HHKOB,

KOTOpbIX 06b1qHo 30BYT cy,a:bSIMH, JIIO,a:ei1 HaCTOJibKO rroqTeHHbIX, qTo6bI ropo:>KaHe MOT.TIM, He pomuI CBOero .D;OCTOHHCTBa, CTO.HTb Ha cy,n;e rrepe,n; HHMH.

9.

lllyJibTXelicy rrpe.n:ocTaBJieHO TaK:>Ke Ha3HaqaTb Tpex JIHU, KOTOpblX Mbl

30BeM reiiM6ypraMM, o,a:Horo BO BttyTpeHHeM CTapoM ropo.n:e, a .UBYX -

BO BHelll-

HeM, H HaqaJibHHKa oCTpora, HJIH TIOpbMbI, r.n:e co.n:ep:>KaTc.H 3aKJ1roqeHHb1e.

A

BOT o6.H3aHHOCTll HX B OT,UeJibHOCTH:

* MottaCTbipb, HhIHe Klosterneuburg, ,ll.a'IHOe MecTO IIO,ll. caMoii Bettoii. fpaMoTa ,ll.aHa
<l>ptt,ll.pHXOM I Ha rrynr B KpecTOBbIH IIOXO,ll..
** JlaTHHCKHM TepMHH, TpaHCKpH6rrpoBaHHblM c HeMeu;Koro.

344
10.

illy JlbTXeiic 6y.n:eT cy.ll:MTb sa TaTb6y' npe.n:ep30CTHble nocTynKM

(frevela), no .n:eHe)KHbIM .n:eJiaM (geltschulda) Bcex rpa)K.n:aH ropo.n:a M Bcex
npmIIJibIX co BCero enMCKOnCTBa, eCJIM OHM He npe.n:nHBHT 3aKOHHOfO OTBo.n:a,
KpOMe MMHMCTepMaJIOB u;epKBM H Tex, KTO COCTOMT B -cieJIH.ll:M enHCKOna MJIM
no.n:Be.n:oMcrneH eMy caMOMy.

11.

BJiaCTb )Ke noHy)K.n:aTb M HaKa3bIBaTb npecTynHHKOB, HashrnaeMy10

6aHH (bannus), OH noJiy-ciaeT He OT enMcKona,-a OT ero cpona (advocatus).

M6o

BJiaCTb, HanpaBJieHHYIO K npoJIMTMIO KpOBH npM noBeIIIeHHH, OTce-cieHMM

fOJIOBbl, M3yBe-cieHHH M T.n.' He MO)KeT HMeTb .n:yxoBHOe JIMIJ;O, He MO)KeT ee M
nepe.n:aBaTb.

A

noceMy' nocJie TOfO, KaK enHCKOn Ha3Ha"l!MT cporTa, MMnepa-

TOp .n:aeT eMy 6aHH, T.e. npaBO HaKa3aHMH Me"CJOM ...

12. M

TaK KaK BJiaCTb 3TY OH MMeeT JIHIIlb B CMJIY cporTCKOfO CBOero 3Ba-

HHH, TO cnpaBe.ll:JIHBO, ':IT06bI OH HHKOMM o6pa30M He OTKa3bIBaJI B Hell myJlbTxeiicy, MbITHMKy, Ha"llaJibHMKY MOHeTbl, KOTOpbIX nocTaBMJI enMCKOn, OT KOero OH caM .n:ep)KHT cporTCKYIO BJiaCTb.

14. y

cy.n:eii, KOTOpbie COCTOHT no.n: IIIYJibTXeiicoM, HeT cy.n:e6HOH BJiaCTM

B .n:eJiax TaTe6HbIX H pas6oiiHbIX, a TOJibKO .n:eHe)KHbIX.

15.

MecTo cy.n:e6HbIX sace.n:aHnii -

Ha pbIHKe y CB. MapTMHa.

A

noToMy

HMKTO, Ha KOfO no.n:aHa )KaJI06a, He MO)KeT 6bITb Bbl3BaH Ha .ll:OM K IIIYJibTXeiicy MJIH cy.n:be, a TOJibKO B BbIIIIe03Ha':leHHOe o6mecTBeHHOe MeCTO.

16.

EcJIM )Ke cy.n:hM MJIM rnyJihTxeiic BbI3oByT Koro-Jin6o K ce6e Ha .n:oM M

Te He npn.n:yT, TO sa 3TO OHM He no.n:BeprHyTCH HMKaKoMy B3bICKaHHIO.

17.

06H3aHHOCTb Ha"llaJibHMKa OCTpora MJIM TIOpbMbl COCTOMT BO BHHMa-

TeJibHOM npHCMOTpe sa BCeMM BBepeHHbIMM ero oxpaHe.

18. A

eCJIH OH KOfO ynycTMT, TO OTBeTMT BMeCTO Hero, eCJIM TOJlbKO TOfO

He OT6MJIM CMJIOH.

19.

Ero )Ke o6H3aHHOCTb BblBO.ll:MTb npMroBopeHHbIX K noBerneHMIO K BM-

ceJinu;e, noBH3bIBaTb rJia3a npMrOBOpeHHOfO nOBH3KOH, B03.ll:BMfaTb BMCeJinu;y,
npncTaBJIHTb JiecTHMU:Y, no.n:Bo.n:nTh ocy)K.n:eHHoro K caMoii JiecTHnu;e. TyT
TOJibKO npMMeT ero saMeCTMTeJib cpona M, HaKMHYB Ha IIIeIO neTJIIO, noBeCMT.

25.

OH )Ke o6HsaH Bbl3BaTb B cy.n: BbITpe6oBaHHbIX rnyJihTxeiicoM MJIH cy-

.ll:hHMM.

26.

<DopMa )Ke Bbl30Ba TaKOBa: Ha3blBaH no MMeHH MCTIJ;a, OH .ll:OJI)KeH o6b-

HBHTb o6BMHHeMoMy, 'ITO ero Bbl3bIBaIOT Ha cy.n:, M c.n:eJiaTb 3TO JIH6o nsycTHO, BCTpeTMB ero r.n:e\6bI TO HM 6bIJIO, JIH6o o6bHBMTb 06 3TOM nepe.n: ero .n:oMOM B nepBblll, BTOpoii M TpeTMll pas B cyTO"l!Hbie cpOKH.

27.

EcJIM no nepBoMy' MJIH BTOpoMy' MJIM TpeTbeMy Bbl30BY OH He HBMT-

CH M nocJiaHHblll OT cy.n:hM .n:oKa)KeT caM-TpeTeii, 'ITO OH COBepIIIHJI ynoMHHyTbie TPM Bbl30Ba HJIM TOJibKO 0.ll:MH, HO JIMIJ;OM K JIHU:Y' TO TOT ynJiaTHT cy.n:he
TpM.ll:IJ;aTb COJIM.ll:OB.

345
29.

illyJibTXeiic II cy,lU>.H MMeIOT npaBO cyJJ.MTb TOJibKO no ,n;eJiy' c KOTOpbIM

o6paTMJIMCb MMeHHO K HMM.

y

JIWieHHblM B TOM, 1ITO c,n;eJiaJI 1ITO-HM6y,n;b 6es

co6JIIOJJ.eHM.H cy,n;e6Horo nop.H,n;Ka II 6es npaBMJibHoro cy,n;a, Tep.HeT no saKoHY CBOIO JJ.OJIJKHOCTb.

30.

fopo:>KaHMHa, co6pamneroc.H B nyTb-,n;opory, T.e. ca,n;.Hmeroc.H Ha Ko0

pa6Jib, JIM6o Ha JIOIIIaJJ.b, MJIM B nOB03Ky, HMKTO ll3 ero corpa:>K,n;aH He CMeeT
sa,n;ep:>KMBaTb no,n;a11eii )l(aJI06b1; HO TaK KaK OH CTOJib He6pe:>KHO OTHeCC.H K
CBOMM MHTepecaM, 1ITO OTJIOJKMJI ,n;eJIO JJ.O TaKoro MOMeHTa, TO cnpaBeJJ.JIMBO
OTJIOJKMTb CBOM Ha TOfO npeTeH3llll JJ.O ero B03BpameHM.H.

31.

EcJIM KTO-JIM6o o6BMH.HJI csoero corpa:>K,n;aHMHa sa npe,n;eJiaMM ropo-

.n;a nepe,n; JIMU:OM 11y:>Koro cy,n;bM, TO sa :'ny BMHY OH 06.HsaH ynJiaTMTb nITpacp
n cy,n;be csoero ropo,n;a, II ToMy, Korn BbI3BaJI Ha cy,n;, II sepHyTb eMy y6b1TKH, noHeCeHHbie MM OT ero )l(aJI06bI.

32. lliTpacp nJiaTMTC.H TOJibKO TOMy, KOMY OH npMcyJK,n;eH.
33 .... Cy,n;be MJJ.eT TpeTb.H 11aCTb BC.HKOrO IIITpacpa.
38. CJiyrM MoHaCTbipCKMe M3 JII06oro MOHaCTbip.H no,n;cy,n;HbI

IIIYJibTxeiicy

CBOeIO JIM1IHOCTbIO, a MMeHHO B ,n;eJiax, KacaIOIIIMXC.H TOprOBJIM, ecJIM OHM CTaHYT ToprosaTb.

40.

Ms scex npMcyJK.n;eHHbIX sa TaTb6y MJIM MHbie npecryIIJieHM.H IIITpacpos

.n;se 11acTM MJJ.YT IIIYJibTXeiicy, TpeTb.H cpofTY.

42.

<Dorr JJ.OJIJKeH cy.ll.MTb MCKJII01IMTeJibHO B JJ;Bopu:e enMcKona. TaKJKe

ecJIM OH Bbl30BeT KOfO-JIM6o K ce6e Ha JJ.OM, TO Heno11IeJJ.11IMii He nJiaTMT sa 3TO
HMKaKoro IIITpacpa.

43.

Kor.n;a :>Ke cporr yMpeT MJIM no KaKoii-JIM6o npM1IMHe cporcTBo ocTaHeT-

C.H BaKaHTHbIM, enMCKOn HMKOfO He JJ;OJIJKeH Ha3Ha1!aTb cporroM 6es M36paHM.H
II corJiaCM.H KaHOHMKOB, MMHMCTepMaJIOB II 6IOprepoB.

44.

CpeJJ;M 06.HsaHHOCTeii 6yprrpacpa -

HasHa11eHMe HaqaJibHMKOB scex

peMeceJI soo6me B ropoJJ;e, a MMeHHO CeJJ;eJibHMKOB, KOJKeBHMKOB, nep11aTOl{HMKOB, 6a11IMa11HMKOB, KY3Heu:os, MeJibHMKOB, II Tex, KOTOpbie npMrOTOBJI.HIOT
BMHHbie 6011KM II KPYJKKM, II Tex, KOTOpb1e BbIJJ;eJibIBaIOT ne11M, II Tex, KOTOpb1e
npo,n;aIOT .H6JIOKM, II IIIMHKapeii.

l1

Bee OHM nOJJ;CY.ll.Hbl eMy, eCJIM B 11eM-JII160

norpe11IaT B csoeM peMecJie.

45.

MecTOM :>Ke cyJJ;a Ha.ll. HMMM II pacnpaBbI .HBJI.HeTcH enMcKoncKMii

,ll;BOpeu:.

47. B

noJIHOMOl{M.H 6yprrpacpa BXOJJ;MT TaKJKe noJiy11eHMe HeKOTOpbIX no-

IIIJIMH, TaK, HanpMMep, c Me11eii B HOJKHaX, BbIHOCMMbIX Ha pbIHOK JJ;JI.H npo,AaJKM. Ac JJ;pyrMx, npMB03MMbIX Ha Kopa6JI.Hx Ms KeJibHa MJIM OTKyJJ;a 6b1 To
HM 6bIJIO, nOIIIJIMHY noJiyqaeT MbITHMK.

48.

To11Ho TaK :>Ke c MacJia, opexos, .H6JioK, npMBeseHHbIX OTKy,n;a 6b1 TO

HM 6bIJIO II npo,n;aHHbIX sa JJ;eHbfll, nOIIIJIMHY noJiyl{MT 6yprrpacp. EcJIM :>Ke

346
ITpo,n;aIOT 3a COJib, BIIHO, XJie6 IIJIII KaKOM-JIII6o ,n;pyroH: ITpe,n;MeT' TO ITOIIIJIIIHY ITo,n;eJIHT 6yprrpacp c MhITHIIKOM.

49.

KpoMe BbIIIIeHa3BaHHbIX, BCe OCTaJibHbie ITOIIIJIIIHbl OTHOCHTCH K ,n;OJI)l(-

HOCTII MbITHIIKa.

50.

6bIBaIOT OHM pa3Hble.

f:cJIII KTO ITeperpy3IIT CBOII TOBapbl c O,ll;HOfO Kopa6JIH Ha ,n;pyroH:, yIT-

4

JiaTIIT ITO

51.

A

,n;ettapIIH c Ka)l(,n;Oro Kopa6JIH.

EcJIII KaKOM 6bI TO HM 6bIJIO KyITeu; ITpoH:,n;eT qepe3 3TOT ropo,n; co CBO-

IIMH TOBapaMII, HJiqefO He ITpo,n;aB II JIJiqefO He KYITIIB, TO He ITJiaTIIT HIIKaKOM
ITOIIIJIIIHbl.

52.

EcJIII KTO 6bI TO HM 6bIJIO II3 eITHCKOITCKIIX JIIO,n;eH:, My)l(qHHa HJIII )l(eH-

IIJ;HHa, ITpo,n;acT B 3TOM ropo,n;e ITpo,n;yKTbl, H3fOTOBJieHHbie co6cTBeHHOpyqHO
HJIII HM caMHM B3pameHHbie, TO He ITJiaTIIT ITOIIIJIIIHbl.

l1

eCJIII KYITHT qTo-JIH6o

,n;JIH CBOIIX Ha,n;o6HOCTeM, a He ,n;JIH rreperrpO,ll;a)l(II, TO paBHbIM o6pa30M He IIJiaTHT IIOIIIJIMHbl. EcJIII )Ke, o,n;HaKO, KTO-JIH6o CTaHeT yKopHTb ero, qTO rrpo,n;aHHble rrpo,n;yKTbl B3pameHbl He HM, ll3fOTOBJieHbl He HM JIH6o OH KYIIIIJI HX ,lJ;JIH
c6bITa, TO ITYCTb OH orrpaB,n;aeTCH e,n;HHOJIJiqHoM KJIHTBOM.

53.

EcJIII KTO KYIIHT HJIII rrpo,n;aCT Mettee, qeM Ha

5

COJIII,ll;OB, -

He ITJia-

TlIT ITOIIIJIIIHbl.

54.
MYKH -

55.

c IIHTH COJIH,ll;OB IIJiaTHT ,n;eHapIIH,
4,

c OCJia -

c TaJiaHTa -

4,

c KOHH -

4,

c

O,ll;HH ,n;ettapIIH.

IloIIIJIIIHY c yrJIH ll BepeBOK MbITHIIK He ITOJiyqaeT: ee

,n;o

CHX ITOp rro-

JiyqaJIH eITIICKOITbl, TaK )Ke KaK IIOJiyqaJIH OHM IIOIIIJIIIHY BHHOM II XJie6aMH,
Ha3bIBaeMbIMII ~rocrro,n;CKIIM XJie6oM~ (Bernbrot).

56.

K ,ll;OJl)l(HOCTH MbITHHKa OTHOCIITCH y,n;oCTOBepHTb HaJIO)l(eHHeM KJieM-

Ma BCHKHe Mepbl, MaJibie ll 60JibIIIIIe, ,ll;JIR COJIH, BHHa, MacJia, 3epHa, ll3fOTOBJieHHbie CTapIIIIIHOM IIIHHKapeH:; ll HX OH HHKOMY He ,ZJ;OJI)l(eH ,n;aBaTb, pa3Be
TOJibKO CBOeMy corpa)l(,n;aHHHY ,ll;JIH HeCKOJibKHX Be,n;ep BHHa HJIII qeTBepTII
IIIIIeHHIJ;bl II T.II. ITYCTRKOB, rrpIITOM 6ecrrJiaTHO.

57. A

eCJIII KTO-JIH6o ll3 ropo)l(aH IIO)l(eJiaeT IIMeTb HX ,lJ;JIH CBOeM Ha,n;o6-

HOCTH, TO 3TO MO)l(HO, HO TaK qTo6bI MbITHHK ,n;o6pocoBeCTHO ll caMOJillqHo
HaJIO)l(IIJI Ha HIIX KJieMMO, TOqHo TaK )Ke KaK BCHKOMY ropO)l(aHHHY MO)l(HO
,n;ep)l(aTb y ce6H B ,n;oMe CBOH BeCOBbie rIIpH, HO TOJibKO qT06h1 OHM 6bIJIH H3fOTOBJieHbl HaqaJibHHKOM MOHeTbl.

58.

B o6H3aHHOCTHX MbITHHKa B HOBOM ropo,n;e, a 6yprrpacpa B CTapoM

ropo,n;e, -

coopy)l(eHHe MOCTOB, CKOJibKO IIX IIOHa,n;o6HTCH, II TaKOM rrpoqHo-

CTII, qT06bI BCHKlIM Mor 6e30IIaCHO ITpOMTH no HMM c ITOB03KaMH II BblOqHbIM
CKOTOM. EcJIH )Ke OT BeTXOCTlI IIJIH II3HOIIIeHHOCTH HJilI KaKOM-JIH6o HeHcrrpaBHOCTII MOCTOB KTO-HII6y,n;b ITOTepIIIIT y6bITOK, TO MbITHIIK IIJIII 6yprrpacp o6.H3aHbl B03MeCTHTb ITO 3aKOHY Ka)l(,ZJ;bIM 3a CBOe.
06 o6H3aHHOCTHX HaqaJibHlIKa MOHeThI:

347
59.

Ott no npaBy HMeeT cy.n.e6ttyro BJiaCTb no no.n..n.eJIKe MotteTbI H Ha,ZJ.

caMHMH cpaJibIIIHBOMOHeT'IHKaMH, KaK B ropo.n.e, TaK Il BHe ero, no BCeMy e1rnCKOncrny, 6e3 BCHKOro npenHTCTBIIH co CTOpOHbl KaKOfO-JIII6o cy,ZJ.bII.

60. f .n.e

6bI no BCeMy enHCKOncrny OH HH CbICKaJI cpaJibIIIHBOMOHeTqHKa,

OH npHBe,ZJ.eT ero B ropo.n. II 6y,ZJ.eT cy,ZJ.HTb no ropo,ZJ.CKOMY 3aKOHY.

61.

MotteTa )l(e ,ZJ.OJI)l(Ha 6bITb TaKoro Beca, qT06bI B MapKe 6bIJIO ,ZJ.Ba,ZJ.U:aTb

coJIH,ZJ.OB, a .n.eHapHH ~noJIHOBeCHbie~*.

M

3Ta MotteTa, nocTOHHHaH H ycToiiqH-

BaH, ,ZJ.OJI)l(Ha o6parn;aTbCH B enIICKOnCTBe ceM, eCJIII TOJibKO He llOHBIITCH 110,ZJ.,ZJ.eJIOK.

B

TaKOM cJiyqae coBern;attHeM MY.ll.PbIX 11poII3Be,ZJ.eHo 6y.n.eT H3MeHeHHe

ee cpopMbI, HO He Beca.

62.

MecTo qeKaHa MOHeTbI -

~y pb16aKoB~. qeKaHHTb .n.ettapHH Ha.n.o B

O,ZJ.HOM llOMern;eHIIH, qTo6bI Bee B3aHMHO BH,ZJ.eJIH pa6oTy PYK CBOHX.

63.

HIIKTO, He 11pIIHa,ZJ.Jie)l(arn;IIiI K MIIPY uepKBH ceiI, He ,ZJ.OJI)l(eH .n.eJiaTb

.n.eHapHeB.

64. B

MeCTe, r.n.e CH,ZJ.HT MeHJIJlbl, HHKTO He ,ZJ.OJI)l(eH 110Ky11aTb cepe6pa,

KpoMe TOJibKO qeKaHrn;HKOB MOHeTbl.

B

.n.pyrHX MeCTaX 110 BCeMy ropo.n.y llYCTb

110Ky11aIOT H rrpo.n.aroT cepe6po Bee )l(eJiaIOrn;IIe, ecJIH 3TO He 6y.n.eT Bocrrpern;eHo
'

H3-3a HOBoro qeKaHa MOHeTbl.

70.

EcJIH errIIcKorr saxoqeT rrycTHTb B crrJiaB CBOe rraJiaTHOe cepe6po H qe-

KaHIITb Il3 Hero ,ZJ.eHapHH, TO rrpHHIIMaeT HaqaJibHHK MOHeTbl Il pacrrpe.n.eJI.H-

M eCJIH ,ZJ.eHa20 COJIH,ZJ.OB 6es

eT Me)l(,ZJ.y MOHeTqlfKaMH, a Te BbI,ZJ.eJiblBaIOT Il3 Hero ,ZJ.eHapHH.
p1rn OKa)l(YTC.H IIOJIHOBeCHbIMH, TO OH c.n.acT Ha Ka)l(,ZJ.yIO MapKy
.ll.BYX .n.ettapIIeB.

71.

EcJIH )l(e qeKaH 6y.n.eT Ha CKOJibKO-HH6y,ZJ.b Jierqe, OH BCe-TaKH c.n.acT

Ha MapKy Ha ,ZJ.Ba ,ZJ.eHapmI MeHbIIIe.

72.

Ms errHcKorrcKoiI Ka3HbI on1ycKaeTc.si: eMy yroJib. Ha MapKy BbI,ZJ.aeT-

c.si: TPII ceKcTapH.si: yrJI.si:.

73.
m

Kor.n.a errHcKorr rrpHKa3bIBaeT qeKaHHTh HOBYIO

BbI,ZJ.eJibrnaeTc.si:

74. Mx

5 COJIH,ZJ.OB

MoHery, TO rrpe)l(,ZJ.e see-

BH,ZJ.a H Beca rrpe.n.cTO.si:rn;eiI K o6opory MOHeTbI.

6y.n.eT xpaHHTb 6yprrpacp, .n.oKoJie 3Ta MotteTa ocTaHeTCH B xo.n.y,

Ha TOT rrpe.n.MeT' qTo ecJIH 51BHTC51 IIO,ZJ.03peHHe B IIO,ZJ.,ZJ.eJIKe 3TOH MOHeTbl, ee
MO)l(HO 6y.n.eT HCnbITaTb Il y.n.ocTOBepHTb 3THMH II51Tbl0 COJIH,ZJ.aMH.

75.

MoHeT'IHK rrpHC51rHeT TaK)l(e, qTo CTaHeT qeKaHHTb MOHeTbl Toro IIMeH-

HO BII,ZJ.a Il Beca, KaK 3TH

76.

5

COJIH,ZJ.OB.

Kor.n.a MOHeT'IHK 6y.n.eT B03Bparn;aTb errHCKorry )l(eJie3Hbie opy.n.HH ,ZJ.JIH

BbI,ZJ.eJIKH MOHeTbl, OH ,ZJ.OJI)l(eH BbI,ZJ.aTb eMy o6a IIITaMrra ,ZJ.JIH rrcpeHHilfOB II o6a
IIITaMrra ,ZJ.JIH IIOJIYIIIeK.

y

M BCe

OCTaJibHOe OH BeptteT ueJIHKOM Il rrpHC51rHeT' qTQ

Hero 60JibIIIe Hlfqero HeT Il qTo OH He 3HaeT HHKOro,

* Pfundig,
cpyttT.

T. e.

240

ll,ettapHeB ( 'IT06b1 paBHHJilICb

20

y

KOro 6b1 OCTaJIOCb qTo-

COJIH/J,aM lIJilI

1

MapKe) cocTaBJIHJilI

348
m16y,n:b. Ilprr 3TOM IIITaMrrbI yHfflJTO)KaIOTCH rr JIOMaIOTCH, a o6JIOMKH B03Bpa11IaIOTCH Ha"llaJibHllKY MOHeTbl Jitt6o IIOCJie,UHllM IIOJIY"l!aeT llX 11eJibIMll ll HerroBpe)K,UeHHbIMll c pa3pemeHllH eIIllCKOIIa.

77.

BcHKHM, )KeJiaIOIIIHM rroJiy-qttTb rrpaBo "l!eKaHa, yrrJiaTHT errrrcKorry rroJI-

MapKtt 30JIOTa, Ha"l!aJibHllKY MOHeTbl -

IIHTb ,n:eHaprreB 30JIOTa, MOHeT"llll-

20 COJill,UOB IIOJIHOBeCHOM MOHeTbl.
80. Krn IIOBpe,UllT ropOl{CKlle CTeHbl llJill BaJI, IIJiaTllT 6yprrpa¢y IIITpa<P
40 COJlll,UOB.
81. Krn 3acTpottT y JIHllY, yrrJiaTHT TOT )Ke IIITpa¢ 6yprrpa¢y. OH HHKO-

KaM B

My He .UOJI)KeH .uaBaTb pa3pemeHHH.

82.

HttKTO He ,UOJI)KeH BbIBaJillBaTb HaB03 llJill OT6pOCbl rrepe.u CBOllM .uo-

MOM, eCJill TOJlbKO OH He )KeJiaeT HeMe,UJieHHO BbIBe3Tll ero, 3a llCKJIIO"lleHlleM
rrpe,n:Ha3Ha"l!eHHbIX ,UJIH cero MeCT' a llMeHHO OKOJIO MHCHOI'O pbIHKa, TaK)Ke
oKoJio CB. CTe¢aHa, oKoJio KOJI0,n:11a Ha KoHHOM Topry rr y MeCTa, Ha3bIBaeMoro Gewirke.

83.

fopo,UCKOH BHeIIIHllH poB ,UOJI)KeH llMeTb IIIllpllHY B

TpeHHllM y cTeHbI -

84.

60

<PYTOB, a BHy-

Tprr.u11aTb <PYTOB.

)KeJiaIOIIIllM ycTpOllTb MeJibHllllY rrpOCllT pa3pemeHHH y 6yprrpa¢a ll

cornacHH y ropo)Katt. 3apy-qHBmttcb TeM rr ,n:pyrnM, yrrJiaTIIT 6yprrpa¢y 30JIOTOM.

85.

HttKTO He IIJiaTllT IIOIIIJillHbl c poro)K, Kyp, ryceii:, Hllll, "lleCHOKy, Ka-

rrycTbl ll KaKHX-JIH6o llHbIX OBOIIIeM, c MllCOK, Kpy)KeK, eCJill rrpo.uacT MeHbme, "lleM Ha

86.

5 COJill,UOB.

HttKTO He ,UOJI)KeH .uep)KaTb B ropo.ue CBHHeii, eCJill He rropy-qaeT llX

rraCTyxy.

88.

IlpaBo errrrcKorra -

rrMeTb ll3 ,n:aHHoro ropo.n:a ,n:Ba,n:11aTb "lleTbipe

Jllllla, llCKJIIO"llllTeJibHO ll3 Kyrre"lleCKOro 3BaHHH, CBOllMll IIOCJiaH11aMll. 11x o6H3aHHOCTb llCIIOJIHHTb, B rrpe,n:eJiaX TOJibKO eIIllCKOIICTBa, rropy"lleHllH errttCKOrra K ero JIIO,UHM. EcJill )Ke OHR Me)K,n:y rrpO"llllM IIOHecyT KaKOM-Htt6y,n:b y11Iep6
,UJIH CBOeM Jlll"llHOCTll llJlll llMY11IeCTBa, HaXO,UH11IerocH c HllMll B rryTrr, TO errrrCKOII o6H3aH B03MeCTllTb.

89.

OT,n:eJibHbie tt3 HHX o6H3aHbI e)Kero.uHo BbIIIOJIHHTb Tprr TaKHX rropy-

"l!eHHH c pacxo,n:aMrr 3a c"lleT errrrcKorra. Co cTopoHbI errrrcKorra HM .UOJI)KeH
OKa3bIBaTbCH TaKOM IIO"lleT, "llT06bI OHR rrprr TOp)Kecrnax, Kor.ua OH rrprrrJiamaeT
CBOllX JIIO,UeiI, llMeJill 3a CTOJIOM IIO"lleTHbie MeCTa B ero rrprrcyTCTBllll, .ua6bI
OHR TeM Bll,UHee CTaJill B rJia3aX 3THX caMbIX JIIO,UeM.

90.

Kor,n:a errrrcKorr BcTyrrrrT B ropo,n:, KOHM ero ,UOJI)KHbI 6bITb pa3Me11Ie-

HbI B rocrro,n:CKOM KOHIOIIIHe ...

91.

EcJIH KoHeii y Hero oKa)KeTcH 6oJibIIIe, TO rrx rrpHMYT IIIYJibTXeiic rr

cy,UbH ero BMecTe c KOHIOIIIllM [ eIIHCKOrra] H pa3MeCTHT llX no ,UOMaM, r.ue
o6bI"llHO IIOJIY"llaIOT rrpllIOT rrpllIIIJlbie. EcJIH KOHeH ?Ka)KeTCH H Toro 60JibIIIe,

349
OH He MMeeT rrpaBa pa3Me:rn;aTb MX B KaKMX-Jm6o MHblX roponeKMX J];OMax,
pa3Be eeJIM no6beTeH pa3perneHMH rrpoeb6oM:.

92.

EeJIM )Ke BeT)'IIMT B ropon HMrrepaTop HJIH KOpOJib, ero KOHH eTaBHT-

CH BeIOtJ;y.

93.

0TtJ;eJibHble ropo)KaHe o6.H3aHbl TaK)Ke OT6bIBaTb e)KefOtJ;HO IIHTHtJ;HeB-

: HYIO 6ap:w;11Hy, 3a HeKJIIO"l!eHHeM MOHeT"l!HKOB, KOTOpbie rrpMHatJ;Jie)KaT K errH: CKOIIeKIIM JIIOMM, H 3a HeKJIIO"lleHMeM tJ;BeHa,z:ui;aTH 113 KO)KeBHMKOB, 3a HeKJII01

"CJeHHeM Beex eeneJibHHKOB, "CJeTbipex M3 rrep"l!aTO"lJHHKOB, "CJeTbipex 113 6yJIO"CJ-

. HHKOB Il BOebMH Il3 eaIIO)KHHKOB, Beex KY3He:UOB Il IIJIOTHHKOB, M.HeHHKOB Il
KanarneM:, H3rOTOBJIHIOill;IIX BIIHHbie 6o"CJKII.

94.

Ha roerroneKHM tJ;Bop, HaxonH:rn;IIileH BHYTPH ropona, rnyJibTxeM:e 6y-

,zteT eTaBHTb B errIIeKOIIeKHe rrJiyrH

13

BOJIOB' IIOJIY"lleHHbIX HM rrpH eJiy"llaHX

eMepTH errHeKorreKHX JIIOtJ;eM:*' H OJJ:HY JIOIIIatJ;b, Ha KOTOpoM: 6yneT e3tJ;MTb
J];BOpe:u;KIIM II B03HTb Ha IIOJie eeMeHa.

95.

TaK)Ke naeT t1:BeHat1::UaTb eBHHeil 11 JJ:Byx 6opoBOB, onHoro -

,zto6HoeTeil errHeKorra, a npyroro -

96.
97.

AJIH Ha-

tJ;JIH ropo)KaH.

Ha TOT )Ke JJ:BOp err11eKorr eTaBHT yrrpaBJIHIO:rn;ero, naeT IIJiyr 11 6opoHy.
Bee oeTaJibHoe Heo6xon11Moe rrpenoeTaBJIHeT rnyJibTxeM:e, 3a MeKJIIO"CJe-

HHeM OIIJiaTbl H rrporrHTaHHH eJiy)Kaill;HX.

98. lfa
. HHKOB 1

i
:,

cyneM: Ka)KJ];blM naCT BO BpeM.H )KaTBbl

OJ];HH eOJIHJ];, ernprn1rna IIIHHKapeM: -

5

eOJIHJ];OB, eTapIIIMHa MeJib-

OJ];HH eOJIHJ]; Ha IIOKYIIKY XJie-

6a BO BpeM.H )KaTBbl.

99. A Korna

06MoJia"CJ11BaeTeH xJie6 err11eKorra, OH naeT Ka)KtJ;OMy eynbe no

i

MepKe 3epHa, 1160 eytJ;bH H repOJibJ];bl o6.H3aHbl eTepe"l!b errHeKorreKHM XJie6 BO

i.

Bee BpeMH )KaTBbl.

i

100.

BoJioB, Ha3Ha"CJeHHbIX B err11eKorreK11e rrJiyr11, IIIYJibTxeM:e He tJ;OJI)KeH

i yrroTpe6JIHTb J];JIH npyr11x Hano6HoeTeM, pa3Be TOJlbKO J];JIH o6pa60TKM IIOJI01. )KeHHOfO eMy y-qaeTKa, HO H err11eKOII He J];OJI)KeH rrepeBOJ];HTb MX Ha npyryIO

pa6ory, KpoMe eBoeM: rraIIIHH.

101.

EeJIH epenM 3THX BOJIOB OJ];HH, HJIM J];Ba, HJIH HeeKOJibKO BeJieJ];eTBHe

.a:pHxJioew HJIH HHOM rrpH"l!HHbI, KpoMe 3apasttoM: 6oJie3HM, eneJiaIOTeH He rrp11rot1:HbIMH J];JIH pa60Tbl, TO M.HeHHKM o6.H3aHbl rrponaBaTb HX M.Heo, a nettbrH
OTJ];aBaTb IIIYJibTXeM:ey.

l1

TeM BpeMeHeM HHKaKoro npyroro M.Hea rrponaBaTb

HeJib351.

102.

Cpen11 KO)KeBHHKOB tJ;Bettan:u;aTb "lleJioBeK o6.H3aHbI 3a e"lleT err11e-

Korra rrpHrOTOBJIHTb KO)KH H IIIKypKH, eKOJibKO IIOHano611Te.H errHeKorry. He' o6xotJ;MMbIM Ha 3TO MaTepHaJI eTapIIIHHa KO)KeBHHKOB 3aKyrraeT Ha neHbrH
errHeKorra B MailH:u;e MJIH KeJibHe, rrp11xBaTHB e eo6oM: tJ;JIH 3TOM :u;eJIH
eKOJibKO HY)KHO "lleJioBeK H3 yrroMHHYTbIX tJ;BeHan:u;aTH. EeJIH noporoM: OHH

* TaK Ha3. Besthaupt.

350
noTeprnIT KaKOH-JUI6o yrn:ep6 B HMyrn:ecTBe HJIH BCJie,n:CTBHe nJieHa, -

B03-

Mern:aeT enHCKOn.

103.

Ofol3aHHOCTb KY3Hel(OB COCTOHT B CJie,n:yIOrn;eM: KOr,n:a enHCKOn OTnpa-

BHTC51 B HMnepaTOpCKHH noxo,n:, Ka)K,UbIH KY3Hel( ,n:acT no qeTbipe no,n:KOBbl co
CBOHMH fB03,U5IMH; H3 HHX 6yprrpacp ,n:acT enHCKony Ha

24

KOHeH, OCTaJibHOe

y ,n:ep)KHT ce6e.

104.

Kor,n:a enHcKon oTnpaBJI5IeTC51 K [ KopoJieBcKoMy] ,n:Bopy, Ka)K,UbIH

,n:acT no ,n:Be no,n:KOBbl co CBOHMH fB03,U5IMH; H3 HHX 6yprrpacp ,n:aeT enHCKO-

12 KOHe:H., OCTaJibHOe y,n:ep)KHBaeT ce6e.
105. KpoMe Toro, KysHel(bI 0651saHbI ,n:eJiaTb

ny Ha

Bee, qTo noHa,n:o6HTC51 enHc-

Kony B ero ,UBOpl(e, a HMeHHO no qacTH ,n:Bepe:H., OKOH II pa3HbIX Bern:eli, KOTOpbie ,n:eJiaIOTC51 H3 )KeJiesa; npH 3TOM ,n:aeTC51 HM MaTepHM II OTnycKaeTC51
npo,n:OBOJibCTBHe Ha Bee BpeM51.

106.

EcJIH enHcKon oca,n:HT KaKoH-HH6y,n:h saMOK IIJIH oca)K,n:eH 6y,n:eT o,n:HH

H3 ero saMKOB, OH.II ,n:a,n:yT TpHCTa CTpeJI. EcJIH enHcKony noHa,n:o6HTC51 6oJibIlle, eMy OTrryCT5IT B ,UOCTaToqHOM KOJIH"lleCTBe ll3 ero MaTepHaJia ll sa ero cqeT.

107.

3aMKH II l(enH, Heo6xo,n:HMbie ,UM 3aMbIKaHH51 ropo,n:CKIIX BOpOT, OH.II

o6RsaHbI c,n:eJiaTb H3 oTnyrn:eHHoro ropo,n:oM MaTepMaJia M sa cqeT ropo,n:a.

108.

Cpe,n:M canO)KHMKOB BoceMb qeJioBeK 0651saHbI ,n:aBaTb enMcKony, npH

ero oTrrpaBJieHHH KO ,n:Bopy HJIH B noxo,n: rocy,n:apen, qexJibI ,UJI51 no,n:cBeqHHKOB, Ta30B H nocy,n:IIH. Bee OCTaJibHOe, qTo noHa,n:06HTC51 ,UM BbIIlleyKa3aHHOfO
IIJIM [ rrpM rroe3,n:Kax] ,L{Jl51 OCa,Ubl saMKOB' KaK-TO MeillKll ll Kopo6b51 IIJIII KaKMe-JIII6o H.Hble HY)KHbie Bern;H, ,UOJI)KHO 6bITb H3fOTOBJieHO ll3 qepHOH KO)Kll,
npHqeM M3,n:ep)KKM OTHOC5ITC51 Ha cqeT enHCKona.

109.

qeTBepo cpe,n:H nepqaTOqHHKOB, npH OTnpaBJieHHH enMCKOna KO ,n:Bopy

IIJIH B rocy,n:apeB noxo,n:, 6y.n:YT ,n:aBaTb eMy CKOJibKO OKa)KeTC51 Heo6xo,n:HMO

6e-

JIOH KO)KH Ha qexJibI ,n:JIR no,n:cneqHHKOB, TasoB M nocy,n:MH. Bee OCTaJibHOe,
CKOJibKO 0Ka)KeTC51 tty)KHbIM ,UM BbIIlleyKasaHHbIX ,n:eJI ll npH oca,n:e KpenocTeH,
OH.II 6y,n:yT ,n:eJiaTb ll3 6eJIOH KO)KH, npH"lleM M3,n:ep)KKH na,n:aIOT Ha enHCKOna.

110.

Ce,n:eJibHMKH, npM ompaBJieHHH enHcKona Ko ,n:Bopy, 6y,UYT ,n:aBaTu eMy

,n:Ba BbIOqHbIX ce,n:Jia, a ,n:M rocy,n:apena noxo,n:a -

qeTbipe. EcJIH eMy rroHa,n:o-

6MTC51 6oJibllle, OHM c,n:eJiaIOT HX c OTHeCeHHeM M3,n:ep)KeK Ha cqeT enHCKOna.

111.

Kor,n:a enMCKOn OTnpaBJI5IeTC51 B noxo.n: HJIM KO ,n:Bopy' Te' KOTOpbie

BbI,UeJibIBaIOT MeqH, ,L{OJI)l(Hbl OT"lJHCTHTb MeqH ll IIIJieMbl ,n:Bopel(Koro, KOHIOillero, KpaBqero, BIIHoqepnH51, KJIIQqHIIKa ll BCex 6JIII)KaHillIIX noBce,n:HeBHbIX
CJiyr enHCKOna. KpoMe TOfO, OHM 6y,n:yT qHCTHTb TaK)Ke OXOTHllqbM KOnb51
enHCKOIICKHe, ecJIII OKa)KeTC51 Heo6xo,n:HMbIM.

112.

Kpy)KeqHIIKH 6y,n:yT Bb1,n:eJihIBaTb sa cqeT enIIcKona Bee Kpy)KKH, Ka-

KHe noHa,n:o65ITC51 enHcKony npll ero ,n:Bope, HJIH npII ,n:Bope MMnepaTopa, MJIH
npH noes,n:Kax K HMnepaTOpy. Heo6xo,n:HMbIH MaTepMM ,n:JIR 3Toro -

,n:epeoo

351
-

6yAeT AaBaTb cTapnnma Kpy)Ke'IHIIKOB. KpoMe rnro, OH 6yAeT e)KeAHeBHO

,n;aBaTb AepeBO Kpy)Ke'IHIIKaM errIICKOrra.

113.

KaAaIIIII, IIOJIY'IIIB OT CBOero CTapIIIIIHbl Heo6XOAIIMbIH MaTepIIaJI -

,ZJ;OCKII, a OT eIIIICKOIICKOro KJIIO'IHIIKa -

o6py'III II CB513KII, 6yAyT BbIIIOJIHHTb

BCe, 'ITO OKa)KeTCH Heo6XOAIIMbIM errIICKOrry, rrpe6b1BaIOI1IeMY AOMa, IIJIII IIMrrepaTopy, IIJIII IIMrrepaTpIIu:e, eCJIII OHII 6yAyT 3,D;eCb, MH IIX 6aHII, a KpOMe Toro
.n;JI5I KYXHII II MH HaA06HocTeii BIIHO'IeprrIIeB ... KpoMe rnro, OHII 6yAyT Ha6nBaTb o6py'III Ha Bee BIIHHb1e 6o'IKII errIIcKorra, MaJibie n 6oJibIIIIIe, 3a ero C'IeT.

114.

06H3aHHOCTb IIIIIHKapeM: -

'IIICTIITb Ka)l(AbIH rroHeAeJibHIIK HY)KHIIK

errIICKorra II 3aKpOM ero, eCJIII OH 3TOro 3aXO'IeT.

115.

MeJibHIIKII II pb160JIOBbI o6H3aHbI B03IITb errIICKorra no BOAe, KyAa 6b1

OH HII IIO)KeJia11 Me)K,n;y P. II B. Jio,n;KaMII IIX 6yAeT CHa6)KaTb B Heo6XOAHMOM
KOJIH'Iecrne MblTHIIK. BecJia OHH rrpHHOCHT CBOII; lI AO enIICKOITCKOro cai:i:a OHH
OTBOAHT JIOAKH TaK )Ke, KaK paHbIIIe OTrrpaBHJIIICb OTTyAa, 3a C'IeT errHCKOIIa.
Pb160JIOBbI 6yAyT AaBaTb ABYX rpe6u:oB, MeJibHHKH -

TpeTbero. EcJIII OHH no

He6pe)KHOCTH CBOeii rrory6HT cy,n;a, TO 3arrJiaTHT; ecJIH lIX OTHHMYT CIIJIOH, TO
OTBe'IaeT errIICKOII.

116.

Pb160JIOBbI o6H3aHhI pb16a'IIITb A?rn HaAo6HocTeii errIICKona Me)K,n;y

Po)l(AecrnoM IlpeCBHTOH Eoropo.n:IIU:bI II MnxaiiJioBbIM ,n:HeM* e)Kero,n:tto B Te'IeHne Tpex AHeii lI Tpex HO'Ieii co BCeMH CBOHMH CHaCTHMII, Kor,n;a peKa OKa)KeTCH Bcero YA06Hee [ cJieAyIOT reorpaqm'IeCKIIe onpeAeJieHIIH].
B 3TIIX rrpe,n:eJiax HIIKTO He IIMeeT rrpaBa corHaTb IIX c KaKIIX 6bI TO HlI
6bIJIO BOA, lICKJIIO'IaH BOA 3anoBe,l.J;HbIX.

117.

B EpeiiIIIe * *, OT BepxHero ropo,n:cKoro BaJia n .ZI,o HH)l(Hero y CB. CTe-

<t>aHa, HlIKTO ,n:a He OCMeJIHTCH JIOBHTb pb16y 6e3 pa3peIIIeHHH errHCKOIIa lIJIII
ero KpaB'Iero.

118.

IlJIOTHlIKlI o6513aHbl Ka)K,D;bIH IlOHe,n;eJibHIIK BbIXO,l.J;lITb Ha pa6oTy K

errncKony 3a ero C'IeT. 51BHBIIIHCb KO .ZI,Bopu:y caMbIM paHHIIM yTpoM, .ZI,a He
OCMeJIHTCH OHH yxo,n:HTb AO KOJIOKOJibHOfO 3BOHa, npH3b1BaIOI1Iero K paHHeii
o6e,n:He. EcJIH OHH TeM BpeMeHeM He 6y,n:yT ncrroJib30BaHbI Ha pa6ory AJI51 enIICKona, TO MoryT CB060AHO yiiTII Ha 3TOT AeHb. HeJib3.H 3acTaBHTb nx noiiTn
Ha pa6oTy AJIH KOfO-JIH6o Apyroro, KpoMe errIICKOIIa.

NQ 58. BTopoe ropo,ll;cKoe rrpaBo CTpac6ypra [1214 r.]
Bo HMH CB.HTOH n Hepa3AeJihHOH TpoHU:bI. AMHHb. lla BeAoMo 6y,n:eT BCeM
BepHbIM BO XpIICTe, COBpeMeHHHKaM lI IIOTOMKaM, KaK rpa)l(AaHe ropOAa
CTpac6ypra, My,n:peiIIIIIIe II IIO'ITeHHeiIIIIne, B03JII06HB crrpaBe,n:JIIIBOCTb II

* C 8 no 29 cettrn6p.H.
** IlpHTOK I1JIJrn OKOJIO CTpac6ypra.

352
rrpaB,ZJ;y, co6pa.m:1cb no BeJiemuo pa3yMa H ITOCJie coBern;aHmI, c corJiacmi rocIIO.l(HHa eIIl:ICKOITa, ¢ona I:I BCex I:IMeHI:ITbIX JIIO,ZJ;eii cero ropo,ZJ;a, ITOCTaHOBI:lJII:I I:I rrpHKa3aJII:I 3aIIHCaTb CJie,ZJ;yIOrn;He ycTaBbI:

I. 1.

IlocTaHOBJieHo, ~no6b1 ABeHa,ZJ;IJ;aTb qeJioBeK, a ecJIH Hy11rno H 6oJib-

me, JIIO,ZJ;eii qecTHbIX H AOCTOHHbIX, MYAPbIX H Ha,ZJ;e:>KHbIX, H3 cpe,ZJ;bI KaK MHHHCTepHaJIOB, TaK I:I ropo:>KaH, e:>Kero,ZJ;HO Ha3HaqaJII:ICb ropO,Zl;CKI:IMI:I KOHCyJiaMH; I:l3 HI:IX O,Zl;I:IH l:IJII:I ,ZJ;BOe, KOJII:I IIOHa,ZJ;06I:ITC.H, I:l36HpaIOTC.H 6yproMHCTpaMI:I.
Bee OHI:I rrycTb ITOKJI.HHYTC.H peBHOCTHO 6JIIOCTI:I BO BCeM qeCTb u;epKBI:I, e1mcKOITa H ropo,ZJ;a, 3arn;Hrn;aTb ITO CHJie H pa3yMeHHIO cBoeMy ropo.n: H Bcex ropo:>KaH, 60JiblIII:IX I:I MaJibIX, 6oraTbIX I:I 6e,ZJ;HbIX, OT BC.HKOfO 3Jia I:I CITpaBe,ZJ;JII:lBO cy,ZJ;HTb Bcer,ZJ;a corJiacHo HCTHHe.

2. A

3ace,ZJ;aTb .l(JI.H cy.n:a (KaK TpH6yHaJI) OHH 6yAyT Ka:>KAYIO He,ZJ;eJIIO

,ZJ;Ba:>K,ZJ;bl, I:IMeHHO B TpeTI:lll I:I IT.HTblll ,ZJ;eHb He,ZJ;eJIH, eCJII:I TOJlbKO He ITPHAeTC.R
ITPOITJCTHTb ITO cJiyqa10 ITpa3,ZJ;HHKa.

I1

cyA Be,ZJ;eT 6yproMHCTp, ITpHroBop ITo-

cTaHOBJI.RIOT KOHeyJlbl.

3.

HHKTO H3 KOHcyJioB He AOJI:>KeH ITepe,ZJ;aBaTb qbHX-JIH6o peqeii H He AOJI-

:>KeH 6e3 pa3pemeHI:l.R 6yproMI:ICTpa I:I KOHCYJIOB o6parn;aTbC51 3a COBeTOM ITO
cy,ZJ;e6HblM ,ZJ;eJiaM K KOMy-JII:160 I:l3 ,a;py3eii.

4.

He ,ZJ;oITycKaeTc.R OAHOBpeMeHHoe H36paHHe B Ko HeyJibI oTu;a c CbIHOM

HJIH ABYX 6paTbeB.

5.

Kor,ZJ;a ITpHxo,a;HTC.R ITepeA JIHIJ;OM eITHCKOITa HJIH r ,ZJ;e-JIH6o B HHOM Me-

cTe pa36HpaTb CJIO:>KHbIC .n:eJia, TO CHaqaJia co6HpaIOTC.H BMeCTe KOHCYJibl, H,
eCJIII ITOHa,ZJ;06IITCR, ITpII3bIBaIOTCH B COBeT CKa6HHbl.

6.

KoHeyJlbl 6y,ZJ;yT

CJ ,Zl;IITb

He ITO 3eMCKOMy ITpaBy' KOTopoe Ha3bIBaeT-

C.H Landrecht, a ITO ITpaB;'l.e II ITO HI:l:>KeII3JIO:>KeHHbIM ropO,Zl;CKIIM ycTaHOBJieHI:l.HM:

II. 7.

IlocTaHOBJieHo, qTO eCJIII KTO 6bI TO HII 6bIJIO ocMeJII:ITC.R CJIOBeCHO

OCKop6JI.HTb I:IJIII 6paHl:ITb KOfO-HH6yJJ.b I:I rrepe.n: ropOJJ.CKI:IM COBeTOM 6y,ZJ;eT
y JII:IqeH B 3TOM ABJM.R l:IJII:I TpeM.R CBI:I,ZJ;eTeJI.HMII, TO y1rnaqIIBaeT 1IITpa¢ B

30

COJllfAOB ,ZJ;eHapH.HMI:I* l:I, He B3I:lpa.R Hl:I Ha KaKI:Ie ITpOCb6bI, OCTaHeTC.H 3a ITpe,ZJ;eJiaMl:I ropo,ZJ;a AO TeX ITOp, ITOKa He YITJiaTI:IT 3TI:IX

30

COJII:l,Zl;OB l:I He YAOBJie-

TBOpI:IT rroTepITeBmero.

8. A

KTO CXBaTI:IT ,a;pyroro 3a BOJIOCa I:IJII:I IT06beT KyJiaKOM I:IJII:I KaKI:IM-

JII:I6o l:IHbIM cIToco6oM 6e3 ITpOJII:ITl:l.R Kpom1 H 6y,a;eT yJI~eH B 3TOM ABYM.H cB1:1,a;eTeJI.HM1:1, YITJiaTI:IT

9. A eCJil:I

5 ¢YHTOB.

KTO paHI:IT KOfO-JIH6o opy:>KI:IeM I:I 6y,a;eT CXBaqeH, TO ITYCTb co-

,a;ep:>KHTC.H B o6rn;ecTBeHHOH TIOpbMe AO Bb13tI;OpOBJieHl:l.R l:IJII:I CMepTI:I ITOTepITeBmero 1:1 ITO.l(BeprHeTc.R HaKa3aHI:IIO coo6pa3Ho BI:IHe.

*

CM. § 61 npe,ll,bIJl:YIIl.ero ,ll,OKyMeHTa.

353
10.

Ecmr noTepneBIIHIH yMpeT, BHHOBHHK no.z:i;BeprHeTC.H CMepTHOH Ka3HH.

EcJIH )Ke yu;e.'l('eT, TO sa npO.lIHTHe KpOBH BHHOBHHK, no nocTaHOB.lleHHIO
IIIJ.llbTXeii:ca, 110.z:i;BeprHeTC.H B OCTpore OTceqeHHIO npaBoii: pyKH.

11.

ECJIH )Ke BHHOBHHK y6e)KHT, TO, KOJIH OH BJia.z:i;eeT 6JiaronpHo6peTeH-

HbIM HJIH HaCJie.z:i;cTBeHHbIM llMyIIJ;eCTBOM, )];OM ero no.z:i;BeprHeTC.H paspymeHHIO,
H.llll )Ke, no BO.lie KOHCJ.lIOB H IIIJ.llbTXeii:ca, )];OM CTaHOBHTC.H o6muM )l;OCTO.HHHeM H OTKpbrnaeTC.H )l;.71.H Bcex, .z:i;Bepn H OKHa ero BbIHHMaIOTC.H, .z:i;o Tex nop
noKa B.lla)l;eJieu; He IIOMHpHTC.H c noTeprreBIIIHM H He yrrJiaTHT IIITpacpa KOHcyJiaM, myJibTxeii:cy, cporTy, a TaK)Ke H ropo.z:i;y.

12. A yI1J1aTITT

OH KOHcyJiaM rr.HTb cpyHTOB, IIIYJihTxeii:cy n cporry TpH.z:i;u;aTb

COJIH.z:i;0 B .

13.

ECJIH )Ke OH He HMeeT 6JiarorrpHo6peTeHHOfO HJIH HacJie.z:i;cTBeHHO-

TO HMymecTBa, TO B pacrrop.H)KeHHe COBeTa IIOCTyrraeT )l;BH)KHMOe HMymecTBO
BHHOBHHKa, qT06bI .z:i;aTb y.z:i;oBJieTBOpeHHe CJ)l;b.HM H caMoMy IIOTeprreBIIIeMy.

15.

EcJIH KTO-JIH6o, BOHM B qeii:-JIH6o .z:i;oM HJIH yca.z:i;b6y, cJioBOM HJIH .z:i;e-

JIOM o6H)l;HT X03.HHHa HJIH ero .z:i;oMoqa.z:i;u;eB, H eCJIH X03.HHH, B COCTO.HHHH 060pOHbI, pacrrpaBHTC.H c HMM H rrpttqHHJIT Bpe.z:i; eMy caMOMy' TO sa 3TO OH He o6.H3aH IIJiaTHTb HH B03Harpa)K.z:i;eHH.H, HH IIITpacpa. EcJIH )Ke IIOCTpa.z:i;aBIIIllH rro)KeJiaeT OKa3aTbC.H HeBHHOBHbIM H rrpHT.HHeT X03.HHHa K cy.z:i;y, X03.HHH
oqJICTHTC.H Ha cy.z:i;e e.z:i;HHOJIHqHOH rrpHC.HfOH.

16.

EcJIH KTO-JIH6o B o6emaHHe [yrrJiaTbI] IIITpacpa .z:i;acT cy.z:i;he npyT u no

sa6brnqHBOCTH OCTaBHT ero y CJ)l;bH, H cy.z:i;b.H rrpHnIHeT ero sa 3TO K OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH, TO OH y1rnaTHT cy.z:i;he sa 3TOT rrpocTyrroK .z:i;eB.HTb .z:i;eHapueB*.

17.

Jiro.z:i;H, qHCAAIIJ;Hec.H sa CB.HTHTeAAMH HaIIIHMll HJIH Boo6me sa u;epKBaMH

n rro.z:i;qHHeHHbie .z:i;pyroMy rrpaBy, 6y.z:i;yr Il.llaTHTb cy.z:i;be Ha cy.z:i;e 1IITpacp, TaK Ha3bIBaeMJIO

W ette rro.z:i; rrpHC.Hroii:,

19. A KTO

cornacHo rrpHHa.z:i;Jie)KHOCTJI CBoeii: M cBoeMy rrpaBy.

OT ce6.H JIHqHo COCTaBHT BaTary )l;.71.H HaCH.llbCTBeHHOfO Harra.z:i;e-

HH.H Ha cBoero corpa)K.z:i;aHHHa B ero .z:i;oMe, TOT rrycTb sa ce6.H rrJiaTHT IIITpacp,
KaK sa TpoHx .7110.z:i;eii:.

A

saTeM Ka)K)l;bIH H3 ero coyqacTHHKOB sa ce6.H rrycTb

Il.llaTHT TpH.z:i;u;aTb COJIH)l;OB.

20.

EcJIH Me)K.z:i;y rpa)K.z:i;aHaMH B03HHKHeT KaKoe-JIH6o pas HorJiacHe HJIH

ccopa H OTcro.z:i;a rrpOH30H)l;eT c6opHIIJ;e, TO HHKTO He B03bMeTC.H sa opy)KHe, He
npe.z:i;cTaB rrpe.z:i;BapHTeJibHO rrepe.z:i; qJieHaMH ropo.z:i;cKoro coBeTa y MOHaCTbip.H
l(eBhI MapuH H He no.71yqHB OT HHX yKasaHHii:. CoBeTHHKH )Ke pa.z:i;H 6Jiara
MHpa H pa.z:i;H ycMHpeHH.H pas.z:i;opa 06.HsaHbI 6paTbC.H sa opy)KHe.

21.

lfraK, sa HCKJIIOqeHHeM IIOC.lle)l;HHX, BC.HKHH, KTO BHe CBOero .z:i;oMa

B03bMeTC.H sa opy)KHe )];AA OKa3aHH.H IIOMOIIJ;H CBOHM .z:i;py3b.HM, yil.llaTHT ropo.z:i;y

* Ilpyr HJIH COJIOMHHKa - CHMBOJI TOp)KeCTBeHHOro o6ell(aHH.H KaK B repMaHCKOM, TaK
n B pyccKoM rrpase. Cp. rrorosopKy: ~CnJia coJioMy JIOMHn> B CMbICJie: ~CnJia ttapyrnaer
rrpaso\>.

354
IUITb cpyHTOB. EcJUI HX y Hero He OKaJKeTCH, TO rrycTb 6yAeT H3rHaH H3 ropoAa, ITOKa He yrniaTHT llITpacpa no Ha3HaqeHHIO COBeTa.

22.

KpoMe Toro, rrocTaHOBJieHo, qTo ecJIH KTO-JIH6o HS JKHTeJieil o6JiaCTH

OCMeJIHTCH OCKop6HTb MJlll o6MAeTb KaKoro-HM6YAb Ramero corpaJKAaHlIHa
JIWIHO lIJill B ero HMyID.eCTBe, M eCJIH o6MAqMK AO yrIJiaTbl IIITpacpa BCTynMT B
Halli ropOA, a ITOTepneBIIIlIH MJIM KTO-JIH6o 113 ero Apyseil OTOMCTMT eMy, OH
sa 3TO He nOAJieJKMT HMKaKoMy IIITpacpy' eCJIM TOJibKO )KaJI06a paHhIIIe noAaHa
6bIJia COBeTy 11 o6bHBJieHa o6BMHHeMoMy.

III. 23.

CBepx Toro, no o6m.eMy coH3BOJieHHIO, 11s6paHhI H ttasttaqeHbI

CKa6HHbl, JIIOAM qecTHOH )KM3HM M A06poil CJiaBbl, KOTOpbie npM M36paHMll
o6H3aHbl noKJIHCTbCH B rrpMCYTCTBHM KOHCYJIOB, qTO OHH HenpecTaHHO 6yAyT
CBHAeTeJibCTBOBaTb corJiaCHO c MCTMHOH 060 BCeM, qTo YBMAHT MJill ycJibIIIIaT.

24. Mx

11 CJieAyeT npMBJieKaTb BO CBMAeTeJill rrpM rrpoAa)KaX M noKyrrKax,

rrpM saiIMax M rrJiaTe)KaX AOJI)KHMKOB, M BO BCHKMX AeJiax.

l1

BrrpeAb He HaJJ:O

Tpe6oBaTb c HMX rrpMCHfM npM Ka)KAOM AeJie, a HaJJ:O paccnparn11BaTb lIX Ha
OCHOBaHMll rrepBOH MX rrplICHfM.

25.

EcJIM )Ke KTO-JIM6o, My)KqMHa MJIM )KeHID.MHa, B npttcyTcTBMH AByx

TaKMX CBlIAeTeJieH lIJlll B rrpMCYTCTBMM ABYX qJieHOB COBeTa npM3HaeT CBOH
AOJif KpeAMTopy, 11 BnOCJieACTBMM, npM B03HMKHOBeHHM KOfO-JIM6o crropa,
OAMH M3 HMX CTaHeT OTpmJ;aTb, TO rryCTb [AOJI)KHHK] 6yAeT M306JIMqeH eAMHOJIM"l!HbIM noKa3aHMeM Apyroro M3 ABYX BbIIIIeHa3BaHHbIX JIIOAeH nepeA JIMIJ;OM
COBeTa MJUI cyAeii, M YJIMqeHHbIR rryCTb yrrJiaTMT KOHcyJiaM KappyKy BHHa M
cpyHT AeHapMeB, IIIYJibTXeilcy M cpoxTy -

TPMAIJ;aTb COJIMAOB M TOMy CKa6M-

HY, qh11M rroKasattMeM OH 6bIJI y JIM"CJeH, -

rrHTh coJIMAOB; [ CAeJiaHo 3TO] PaJJ:M

Toro, qTo6bI pe)Ke rrpM6eraJIH K HapyrneHlIHM KJIHTBbl, KOTOpbie CJIMIIIKOM qaCTO COBepIIIaJilICb Ha cy,n;e no He,n;oKa3aHHOCTH.

26.

}KeHID.lIHbl )Ke, KOTOpbie AO CMX nop o6bJqHo He nJiaTMJIH AOJiroB sa

CBOMX My)KeH, o6H3aHbl 6yAYT, YJIM"l!eHHbie ITOKa3aHMeM, ITJiaTlITb KpeAHTOpaM
Te AOJifll, KOTOpbie np113HaJIM sa co6oil B npMCYTCTBlIM CBMAeTeJieH-CKa6MHOB.

27.

KpoMe Toro, rrocTaHOBJieHo, qTo ecJIM KTO-JIM6o B AOKasaTeJihCTBO AOJI-

ra He no)KeJiaeT npH6erHyTb B ropoAe K npM3bIBY CBMAeTeJieH, TO OH He MO)KeT rrpecJieAOBaTb CBOero AOJI)KHMKa noeAMHKOM, HO TOT' npMHeCH npMCHry'
OCTaHeTCH 6e30TBeTCTBeHHbIM.

28.

HaKOHeIJ;, Te, KOTOpbie no HoqaM CTaHyT XO,ll;MTb c HO)KOM MJIM MHbIM

opyAMeM, HaKa3bIBaIOTCH KaK no,n;ospeBaeMbie B 3JlbIX YMbICJiax, eCJIM He CMOryT onpaBAaTbCH saKOHHbIM o6bHCHeHlleM.

IV. 29.

IlocTaHOBJieHo TaK)Ke, qT06b1 HMKTO M3 corpa)KAaH Hanmx, Aep-

)Kam.Mx neKapHM, He AaBaJI B rrpa3AHMK CB. MapTMHa CBOMM neKapHM BlIHO
MJill Apyroe yrom.ettMe, a B Po)l{Aecrno XpttcToBo MB ApyrHe npa3AHMKM He
npttrJiarnaJI MX K Tpanese.

355
30.

PaBHbIM o6pasoM, KTO ,ll;ep)KHT KaMHeTecoB H llJIOTHHKOB, He ,ll;OJI)KeH

,ll;aBaTh HM xapqeii: H 11pHrJianrnTh HX K Tpa11ese B 11pa3,ll;HHKH.

31. A

KTo ,ll;aCT xap ..rn HJIH 11pHMeT HX, y11JiaTHT ropo,ll;y

20

coJIH.lJ:OB.

32. B 11pe,ll;eJiax ropo,ll;a HlIKTO He ,ll;OJI)KeH KOpMHTb CBHHeii BHe CBOero
11 BCHKlIM, KTO saxBaTHT CBlIHbIO, 6pO,ll;5IIllYIO 110 YJIHIJ.e 6e3 11pOBO)Ka-

,ll;OMa.

Toro, MO)KeT 3a,ll;ep)KaTb ee, eCJilI llO)KeJiaeT, llOKa He llOJIYqlIT IIIeCTb COJllI,ll;OB
OT BJia,ll;eJibIJ;a CBlIHblI.

33. A

Te H3 ropo)KaH Hanrnx, KOTOpb1e soByTcH JIO.ll:OqHHKaMH, 11ycTb 11e-

peB03HT 6ecrnrnTHO B3a.ll: H m1epeA Bcex corpa)K,ll;aH Hanmx, 6oraThIX H 6e.n:HhIX, KaK lIX co6cTBeHHYIO oco6y, TaK lI lIX JIOIIIa,ll;b, Ha KOTOpoii: OHlI e,ll;yT,
lI 11plITOM 11ycTb .n:eJiaIOT 3TO CTOJib 6bICTpo, qTo6bI HlIKTO He Mor llOCTaBHTb
lIM B Blitty, "'ITO OHlI llOMeIIIaJilI Ba)KHOMY ,ll;eey lI 3a,ll;ep)KaJilI ero CaMOro.
6yAeT yJIHqeH B 3TOM, 11ycTb 11JiaTHT ropo,ll;y

34.

20

A

KTO

COJIH.ll:OB.

KyllIJ.bl, eCJilI ,ll;a)Ke 3TO HaIIIlI corpa)K,ll;aHe, co CKOTa lIJilI lIHOro CBOe-

ro TOBapa, KOTOporo OHM He B COCT051HlilI HeCTlI Ha ce6e lIJilI Be3TlI Ha KOHe, Ha
KompoM e.lJ:YT caMH, o6maHb1 IIJiaTlITh ycrnHoBJieHttyIO IIJiary sa 11epeB03.

Jlwrno

)Ke OHlI, e.n:yT JIM OHM Ha KOHe lIJllI lI.lJ:YT lleIIIKOM, OT llJiaTbl CB060,ll;Hbl.

35.

KaK B03Harpa)K.lJ:eHHe sa 3TOT TPY.ll: ycrnHOBJieHo, qT06h1 HHKTO HHKoro

He 11epeB03lIJI sa lICKJIIOqeHHeM BbIIIIeHa3BaHHbIX JIO,ll;OqHlIKOB, KOTOpbie 110JIY"lJlIJllI OT roc110,ll;HHa cpona 11paBo 11epeBosa.

36.

MHCHHKH HHKOHM o6pasoM He .ll:OJI)KHbI ,ll;ep)KaTb Ha 11po,ll;a)Ky BHyT-

pH M5ICHblX He,ll;o6poKaqecTBeHHYIO cpHHH03HYIO CBHHHHy, a TOJibKO CHapy)KH.

37.

3a11pe111eHo AO paHHeii o6e,ll;HH OTKy11opHBaTh lI 11po,ll;aBaTb BHHO,

BhICTaBJieHHoe Ha 11po,ll;a)Ky Ha JIO,ll;Kax 110 peKe Bpeii:IIIe HJIH 11epe,ll; MOHaCTbIpeM Ha TeJierax.

V. 39.

ToqHo TaK .IKe Boc11pe111aeTcJI H c 06111ero corJiacIDI oKoH"'IaTeJibHhIM

llOCTaHOBJieHHeM 3aKa3bIBaeTC5I, qTo6bI HlIKTO lI3 HaIIIHX corpa)K,ll;aH, HlI My)KqlIHa, HH )KeHI11HHa, He OT,ll;aBM cBoero HMy111ecTBa, HaXO.lJ:HI11erocJI B ropo,ll;e,
B 11pH,ll;aHoe qy)KoMy qeJioBeKy sa 11pe,ll;eJib1 ropo,ll;a B o6JiaCTH, HO qT06h1 ,ll;eJIM 3TO B ropo,ll;e, 11y6JIHqHo, B 11plICYTCTBlilI qecTHbIX JIIO,ll;eM.

40.

Kor,ll;a roc110,ll;a llPH.lJ:YT B .lJ:OM KaKoro-JIH6o HaIIIero corpa)K.lJ:attHHa H ecJIH

B 3TO BpeM5I B ,ll;OMe 3TOM 6y,ll;eT ecTh
cpym, ecJIH 3TOT

41.
43.

IIIYT He 11pH6bm B

IIIYT>

TO X035IlIH ,ll;OMa yIIJiaTHT ropoey O.lJ:lIH

ropo,ll; H3 o6JiacTH BMecTe c rocT5IMH.

Ka,ll;aIIIH .ll:OJI)KHbI BbI,ll;eJibIBaTh 6oqKH .lJ:O copoKa aM* 6es 11pocMOJIKH.
HeJib35I 11ocJie O.lJ:HOro BHHa 11po,ll;aBaTh Apyroe. HHKaKoro BHHa HeJib35I

IlOCJie ,ll;pyroro 11po,ll;aBaTb 110 TOM )Ke u.eHe B O,ll;lIH lI TOT )Ke ,ll;eHb, B TOM )Ke
norpe6e HJIH TpaKTHpe. Km HapyIIIHT cHe 110CTaHOBJieHHe, 11JiaTHT ropo,ll;y
COJilI,ll;OB.

* AMa - 4-5

Be~ep.

20

356
44.

ToqHo TaK )Ke TOT, KTO HeBepHO CTaHeT OTMep1rnaTb BHHO, c Kpblllill

c6pacbrnaeTCH B Hel.J:IICTOTbI, a X03HIIH, 1.J:bll BIIHa, IIJianIT TaJiaHT.

45.

KpoMe TOfO, BocrrpemaIOTCH BCHKIIe o6bI1.J:aII Bpo,ll;e rroceTIITeJibCKIIX

KOJieu;, BeHl.J:aJibHbIX KOJieu: II BCHKIIX IIO,ll;apKOB, KOTOpbie IIHOr,ll;a pa3,ll;aIOTCH
BMeCTO KOJieu;.

46.

TaK)Ke BocrrpemaIOTCH ,ll;eHapIIII, KOTOpb1e ,ll;aBaJIIICh )KeHiu;nHaM rrpII

po,ll;ax II Ha3bIBaJIIICb hantgiftphenninge in natalibus; TaK 1IT06b1 HM o,ll;IIH
MY)Kl.J:IIHa II HM O,ll;Ha )KeHIUIIHa He OCMeJIIIBaJIIICb HIIKOMY ,ll;aBaTb ,ll;eHapIIH,
KpOMe KaK JIIIU:aM CBoeiI ceMbll, KOTOpbie )KlIBYT

47.

y

HHX B ,ll;OMe.

Ha 6pa1IHOM mipllieCTBe 3a CTOJIOM ,ll;OJI)KHO OCTaBaTbCH He 6oJiee BOCb-

MII MY:>Kl.J:IIH II BOCbMII )KeHIUIIH, rrpIIrJiallieHHbIX B paBHOM KO.IIHlJeCTBe po,ll;HeIO o6eIIX CTOpOH, ,ll;a 1.J:eTbipe CKOMopoxa -

MY)Kl.J:lIHbl, a He )KeHIUIIHbI.

CBepx ;:noro, HIIKaKIIX ,ll;pyrIIX CKOMOpOXOB ll.IIII IliYTHX He ,ll;Orryc1<aeTCH II He
.z:taeTCH HM mrnaKIIX IIO,LtapKOB.

48. A

KTO 6y.LteT IIMeTh Ha CBa.Lth6e 6oJiblliee KOJIIIl.J:eCTBO MY:>K1IIIH, )KeH-

IUMH II CKOMOpOXOB II.IIII OCMeJIHTCH pa3,ll;aBaTb KOJibU:a, TOT rrpoBe,LteT BHe ropo,ll;a u;eJibIM MeCHU: 3a rrorpaHIIl.J:HblM CTOJI60M II He BOH,ll;eT B ropo,ll;, IIOKa He
yrrJiaTMT KOHCyJiaM IIHTII cpyHTOB.

49.

EcJIII )Ke KaKOH-JIII6o CKOMOpox ll.IIII IIIYTIIXa OCMeJIHTCH 6e3 rrpIIrJiallie-

HMH IIIIpoBaTb 3a 1.J:bIIM-JIII6o CTOJIOM, TO X03HIIH ,ll;OMa yIIJiaTIIT B HaKa3aHIIe
,ll;eCHTb COJIM,Zl;OB ,ll;eHap1rnMII, a CJIY)KIITeJIII cy.Lteii B03bMyT O,ll;e)K,Zl;y CKOMopoxa.

50.

EcJIII )Ke KTO-JIH60 II3 HalliIIX ropo)KaH OCMeJIIITCH rrpecTyIIIITb IIJIII

HapylliHTb KaKoe-HII6y,n;h II3 BbIIIleHa3BaHHbIX IIOCTaHOBJieHIIM, TO 6y,n;eT IIJiaTIITb B HaKa3aHIIe

10

cpyHTOB ,ll;eHapIIHMII, rrpII1IeM IIOJIOBIIHa IIOCTyrraeT B

II0.7Ib3Y ropo,n;a, a ,n;pyraH -

ropo,n;CKIIM KOHCyJiaM H 6JIIOCTIITeJIHM BbIIIleHa3-

BaHHbIX IIOCTaHOBJieHIIM.

51. A 6.JIIOCTIITeJieii Ha3Hal.J:aeTCH e)Kero,n;Ho qeTBepo

BMecTe c o6ttoBJieHIIeM

COBeTa, rrplITOM ,ll;Boe II3 KOHCYJIOB II ,ll;BOe II3 CKa61IHOB, KOTOpbie 6y,ll;yT rrpIICHraTb Ha peBHOCTHOe co6JIIO,ll;eHIIe BbIIIleHa3BaHHbIX rrpe,n;IIIICaHHH.

VI. 52.

EcJIII KTO-HII6y.Lth II3 corpa)K,ll;aH HallilIX yii.LteT co CBOIIM opy:>KII-

eM BOeBaTh B qy:>Koii ropo,ll; 6e3 pa3pelliemrn 6yproM1Icrpa Halliero II coBeTa II
CTaHeT BbICTyrraTb II Harra,n;aTb c TeMII rpa)K,n;aHaMII, TO yrrJiaTIIT

5

cpyttTOB II

JIIIIIlIITCH rrpaBa Halliero ropo,ll;a.

53.

EcJIII KTO-JI1160 rro,ll;aCT 6yproMIICTpy :>KaJio6y Ha HaHecennoe eMy oc-

Kop6.7IeHIIe IIJIII 06M,Z1;y II BCJie,ll;CTBIIe IIO,ll;aHHOH )KaJI06bI BTOpII1IHO 6y,ll;eT IIO,ll;BepHyT o6II,n;e, TO TOT, KTO COBeplliH.JI CHIO .z:tep30CTb, yIIJiaTMT ropo,n;y TpOHHOH
IliTpacp, IIMeHHO IIHTHa,ll;U:aTb cpyHTOB, 3a IIOBTOpHoe HapyllieHIIe rropH,ll;Ka, a
Ka)K,ll;bIM II3 ero coo6mm1KOB yrrJiaTHT IIHTb cpyHTOB.

54.

Kor,ll;a Me:>K.LtY rpa)K,ll;aHaMII HalliHMII rrpOII30M,ll;eT ccopa H cBapa, II

6yproMIICTp c KottcyJiaMH rrpIIKa)KeT ,ll;JIH 6Jiara MHpa co6JI10,n;aTb rrepeMHpIIe,

357
TO TOT, KTO BOCCTaHeT Ha 6yproMMCTJ)a M He no:>KeJiaeT co6JIIO,ll;aTb nepeMMpMe,
ecJIM OH KOHCYJI MJIM CKa6MH, OTCTJ)atteH 6y,Zl;eT OT BbICOKOM t];OJI:>KHOCTM.
:>Ke ,Zl;pyroe JIMIJ;O, He KOHCYJI M He CKa6MH, IIJiaTMT

Bc.RKoe

s cpyHTOB M 6y,Zl;eT M3rHaH

Ha ro,Zl; 3a npe,Zl;eJibI ropo,Zl;a.

SS.

fopo,Zl;CKMe cy,Zl;hM ,ll;OJI:>KHbI 3ace,Zl;aTb B cyAe npM nepBoM 3BOHe K paH-

Heii o6e,Zl;He. Bbl3BaHHbie :>Ke Ha

cyti; t];OJI:>KHbl .RBMTbC.R ,ll;O OKOUCiaHMH BTOpo-

ro 6JiaroBeCTa M nOTOM MOryT yiiTM.

l1

ecJIM B 3TOT npoMe:>KyTOK BpeMeHM 06-

BMHMTeJib He .RBHTC.R, TO ynJiaTHT IIITpacp cy,Zl;be.

S6.

Cepb1e cyKHa, He HMeI011u1e B IIIHpHHY ,n;Byx JIOKTeii c qeTBepTbIO,

,llOJI:>KHbl 6hITb CO:>K:>KeHbl.
:>Ke noJJ;Jie:>KHT CO:>K:>KeHMIO.

l1

ec;rn K cyKHY no,ZJ;MeIIIaH BOJIOC, TO OHO TOqHO TaK

11

y npMe3:>KMX TOqHO TaK :>Ke He ,Zl;OJI:>KHO noKynaTb

cyKOH MeHbIIIeii IIIMpMHbl M c nO,Zl;MeCblO BOJIOCa. EcJIM :>Ke no,Zl;06Hhle cyKHa
6y,ZJ;yT KynJieHbl M npMHHTbl, MX TOqHO TaK :>Ke C:>KHraTb.

S7.

BoT MOHaCTblpM, KOTOpbie B ropO,ll;CKOM noxo,Zl;e CTaBHT KOHeii JJ;JIH KO-

JieCHMIJ;bl co 3HaMeHeM ... [cJieAyeT nepeqeHh ceMM MOHaCTbipeii]. HacTOHTeJib
:>Ke CB. Ap6oracTa 6y,n;eT CHapH:>KaTb O,llHOro napa,Zl;HOro KOHH, Ha KOTOpOM
6yAeT exaTb IIIYJihTxeiic, conpoBO:>KJJ;aH KoJieCHHey. 3HaMH ,ZJ;eJiaeTcH eBpeHMM.

N2 59. Ocuouauue H ,zi;aJILHeilmee paauHTHe ropo,zi;a CTeH,ll;amI
a) OcHoBaHMe pbrnKa ( OKOJIO

11S1

r.)

AJib6epT, Eo:>KMeii cnocneIIIeCTBYIOIIJ;eii MMJIOCThIO MapKrpacp EpaH,ZJ;eH6yprcKMii . .n:a Be,ll;OMO 6y,ZJ;eT, qTO 51 ... B nO,Zl;BJiaCTHOH MHe o6JiaCTM, KOTOpaH
30BeTCR DaJibCaMapJiaH,ll, yqpe,n;MJI pbIHOK ,n;JIH pa3HbIX ToproBbIX ,n;eJI B co6CTBeHHoii Moeii ,Zl;epeBHe, KOTOpaH 30BeTC51 CTeH,llaJib, TaK KaK ,ll;O cero BpeMeHM
COOTBeTCTBYIOIIJ;ero pbIHKa B o6JiaCTM TOM He 6bIJIO; ,Zl;JI.R npMB03.RIIJ;MX CIO,ZJ;a
CBOM TOBapbI HaM yro,ll;HO 6hIJIO nocTaHOBMTb CJie,ZJ;yIOIIJ;MH ycTaB:

1.

qT06bI co ,ll;HR yqpe:>K,Zl;eHMH 3TOfO pbIHKa Bnpe,Zl;b B Teqem1e IIHTMJieTM.R

MX HMKOMM o6pa30M He noHy:>K,Zl;aJIM K ynJiaTe ToproBbIX nOIIIJIMH.

2.

)KMTeJieii :>Ke ynoMHHYTOH ,Zl;epeBHM Mbl OCBo6o:>KJJ;aeM HaBcer,Zl;a OT BCH-

Koro B3MMaHM51 ToproBOH noIIIJIMHbl B nO,Zl;BJiaCTHbIX MHe ropo,Zl;ax: EpaH,ZJ;eH6ypre, faBeJib6epre, Bep6eHe, ApHc6ypre, TaHrepMIOH,ll;e, Ocrep6ypre, 3aJihu;Be,n;eJie M BO Bcex rrpttJieraIOIIJ;MX MecTax.

3.

.

CBepx TOTO, no:>KaJIOBaJIM Mbl MM CYA BO Bcex ,Zl;eJiax no npaBy rpa:>KJJ;aH

Mar,Zl;e6ypra; eCJIM :>Ke Kor,n:a-JII160 c~MTCR, qTQ ero ocyIIJ;ecTBJieHMe BbI30BeT
B HMX COMHeHMe, TO Ha,Zl;Jie:>KMT MM HCKaTb ce6e npaBa B ropo,Zl;e Mar,Zl;e6ypre.

4.

YqacTKM BbIIIIeynoMHHYTOM ,Zl;epeBHM Mbl no:>KaJIOBaJIM MM B CB060,ZJ;HOe

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Bnpe,Zl;b e:>KefO,Zl;HO BbIIIJiaqMBaJIM c 3TMX yqaCTKOB no

4 MOHeTbl.

358
5.

Cy.n;e6Ha51 BJiaeTb, Ha"l!aJibeTBO B ey.n;e .n;epeBHH CTeH.ZJ;aJib IIOIIIJIO OT
Memr Ha rrpaBe 6eHeq:mum:r qeJIOBeKy MoeMy OTToHy, rrpttqeM .n;Be qaeTM H3
ey.n;e6Horo .n;oxo.n;a .n;oeTaIOTe5I MHe, TpeTb5I )Ke qaeTb - BbIIIIeyrroMHHYTOMy
0TTOHY MJIH ero rrpeeMHHKY.
6. MbI rroeTaHOBHJIH: rryeTb 3TOT pbIHOK )J;JI5I Beex, KOTOpbie rrpn.n;yT noeeJIHTbe5I Ty.n;a BnOeJie.n;eTBHH, 6y.n;eT B O)J;HHaKOBOM IIOJib30BaHMH e npeJKHHMH noeeJieHuaMH KaK B OTHOIIIeHJUi BO)J;bl, TaK H naeT6mu, JieeoB H BO BeeM
OeTaJibHOM.
B) f OpO.ZJ; OCB060JK)J;aeTe5I OT 6yprrpa¢oB ( 1215 r. )
... AJib6epT II, EoJKHeii MHJIOCTbIO MapKrpacp Epatt.n;eH6ypreKHii ... Ilo BOJie
HaIIIeii .n;a 6y.n;eT Be.n;oMo, "l!TO MbI, Ha rrpoeh6y B03JII06JieHHbIX HaIIIHX rpaJK.n;aH eTeH.ZJ;aJibeKMX H My.n;pbIX MyJKeii KOHeyJIOB, eoBepIIIeHHO OTMeHHJIH T5If0Tbl, IIOHeeeHHbie CTeH.n;aJibUaMH OT rrpe6bIBaHH5I y HHX 6yprrpacpa, H rroeTaHOBHJIH, qT06bI ropoJKaHe Bnpe.n;b He o65I3aHbI 6bIJIH eT05ITb rro.n; HaqaJIOM
6yprrpacpa H no.n; ero ey.n;oM.
c) IloJKaJIOBaHHe MapKrpacpeKHX M5IeHbIX JiaBOK H pbIHKa
ropo.n;y (14 cpeBp. 1227 r.)
HoaHH I, OrroH III, MapKrpa¢b1 Epatt.n;eH6ypreKtte ... I1MeB eoo6paJKeHHe
OTHOeHTeJibHO B03JII06JieHHbIX HaIIIHX rpaJK.n;aH eTett.n;aJibeKHX ... Mbl rrepe.n;aeM
MM IIOJib30BaHHe MHeHbIX HaIIIHX Jiapeii, a TaKJKe TpttHa.n;uaTH JiaBOK no.n; .n;oMOM KOJKeBHHKOB H Beex, KaKHe ern:e OKaJKyTeH OT.ZJ;aHHbIMH KaKHM-JIH6o qaeTHbIM JIMll,aM Ha cpeo.n;aJibHOM npaBe, rrpH yeJIOBHH, qTo6bI OHM, KaK noJiaraeTe5I, BbIKYIIHJlll HX 3aKOHHbIM BbIKYIIOM. CBepx Toro, H Beeb pbIHOK, KOTOpbIM .n;o eHX rrop 6bIJI y Hae B eOBMeeTHOM BJia.ZJ;eHHH, Mbl MHJIOeTHBO rrepe.n;aJIH
Ha IIOJib3Y o6rn;nHe B BeqHoe BJia.n;em1e H Ha 6Jiaroe IIOJih30BaHHe.
d) y CTYIIKa TOpronoro IIO)J;B0pb5I ( 21 arrp. 1243 r.)
HoaHH H 0TTOH, EoJKneii MMJIOeTbIO MapKrpacpbI Epatt.n;eH6ypreKHe ... MbI
JKeJiaeM o6n5IBMTb, qTo Mbl peIIIHJlll rrepe.n;aTb B03JII06JieHHbIM HaIIIMM 610prepaM eTeH.ZJ;aJibeKMM Bee eBOH rrpaBa eo6eTBeHHOeTM Ha no.n;BOpbe B CTeH.n;aJie,
"lJT06bI OHM 03HaqeHHOe no.n;nopbe o6paTHJIH B eBoe noJib30BaHHe H BJia.n;eJIH
HM Ha npaBax eo6eTBeHHOeTM BOBeKH, 3a H3b5ITMeM TOM qaeTH, no KOTOpoii
Eo.n:o M3 ByCTep6yIIIa .n;o ettx rrop HeeeT HaM cpeo.n;aJihHYIO eJiyJK6y, H npaBo
eo6erneHHOeTH Ha 3TY qaeTb MbI peIIIHJIH y.n;epJKaTb 3a eo6oii ...
e) .lJ:apeHHe ropo.n;y 3eMJIM rro.n: BHHorpa.n;HMKM
( 18 arrpeJIH 1249 r.)
HoaHH H 0TTOH, EoJKtteii MMJioeTbIO MapKrpa¢b1 EpaH.n;eH6ypreKHe ... I1
BOT Mbl JKeJiaeM o6n5IBHTb, "l!TO Mbl, no HaeTOHTeJibHOM rrpoeb6e BbIIIIeyrroMHHYTbIX eTeHJJ:aJibeKHX HaIIIHX 610prepoB, .n;apoBaJIH 3TOMY ropo.n:y .n;Ba MaHea,
eo.n;epJKarn;Hx B ee6e 60 10repoB, paerroJioJKeHHbIX y eaMoro ropo.n;a, KaKOBbie
Mbl peIIIHJIH IIO)KaJIOBaTb 3TOMY ropo.n;y Ha npaBax eo6eTBeHHOeTH )J;JI5I pa3Be-

359
.n;emrn: mrnorpa.n;HIIKOB rryTeM HOBoii: rroca.n;KII, rrpHTOM c ycJIOBIIeM, 'ITO ecJIII
KTO-Jm6o II3 610prepoB :noro ropo.na BrrepBbie o6pa6oTaeT KaKyID-JIII6o 'laCTb
3TOro ITOJI.s:I 110,ll; BIIHorpa,ZJ;HIIK, TO OH rrycTb II I10Jlb3yeTC51 Ha rrpaBaX co6CTBeHHOCTH 3TOH 'laCTblO IIJIII 3TIIMII 'laCT.s:IMII ,ll;Jl.s:I ce6.s:1 II Ha rrpaBax HacJie,ZJ;CTBa ,ZJ;JI.s:I CBOIIX HacJie,ZJ;HIIKOB. Mbl JKe ycTyrrIIJill BbIIIIeyrroM.s:IHYTbie y'laCTKll
yrroM.s:IHYTOMY ropo.ny HaIIIeMy co BCeIO ITOJIHOTOIO rrpaB, KaKIIe Mbl Ha HHX
IIMeJIII ...

f)

YcTaHOBJieHIIe eJKeHe,ZJ;eJibHOro TOpra.

8

IIIOH.s:I

1277

r.

. .. HoaHH, 0TTOH H Konpa.n, .5oJKHeii: MHJIOCTbIO MapKrpa¢b1 .5patt,ZJ;eH6yprcKHe ... Mbl JKeJiaeM o6b.s:IBHTb ... 'ITO MbI Ha Be'IHbie BpeMeHa rroJKaJIOBaJIH B rrpII6aBKY ropo.ny ttaIIIeMY CTeH,ZJ;aJIIO e:w:e O,ZJ;IIH pbIHO'IHbIH TOpr, a IIMeHHO KaJK,ZJ;blll 'leTBepTblll ,ZJ;eHb He,ZJ;eJIII [ cpe.na]. EcJIH JKe KTO-JIH6o B Heo6.nyMaHHOM .nep3HOBeHHll ITOCMeeT HapyIIIHTb 3TOT pbIHOK HJIH BOCrrpernITCTBOBaTb
CB06o.ne ero, TO rrpoTHB Hero, c ITOJIHOrO HaIIIero corJiaCH.s:I, ,ZJ;OJIJKHbl BbICTyIlllTb cy.ZJ;b.s:IMH KOHCYJibI BbIIIIeHa3BaHHoro ropo.na. EcJIII JKe B HcrrpaBJieHHII
3TOro ,ZJ;eJia KOHCYJibl 03Ha'leHHOro ropo.na OKaJKyTc.s:I CJia6bIMH ll 6ecrrOMO:W:HbIMII, TO rrpOTIIB TaKOBOro HapyIIIHTeJI.s:I yrroM.s:IHyToro pbIHKa Ha ITOMO:W:b BbIIIIeHa3BaHHbIM KOHCyJiaM .s:IBIIMC.s:I Mbl ...

N2 60. «ropo,z::r;cxo:H uo3,z::r;yx ,z::r;eJiaeT cuo6o,z::r;HhlM»
(H3 ropo,z::r;cxoro npaua, ,z::r;apouaHHoro HMnepaTopoM
<l>pH,z::r;pHXoM II ropo,z::r;y roCJiapy 13 HIOJIJI 1219 r.)
1.

EcJIII KTO-JIH6o rrpOJKIIBaJI B ropo.ne focJiape II rrpII )KII3Hll CBoeii: HII-

KeM He 6bIJI y JIII'leH B pa6CKOM COCTO.s:IHIIII, TO ITOCJie CMepTH ero HHKTO .na He
ITOCMeeT Ha3bIBaTb ero pa6oM HJIH Hll3BO,ll;llTb B pa6cKoe COCTO.s:IHHe.

2.

EcJIII JKe KaKoii:-JIII6o 'lyJKaK rrpHIIIeJI JKIITb B Ha3BaHHbIH ropo.n H TaK

OCTaBaJIC.s:I TaM B Te'leHHe ro.na II ,ll;H.s:I, npII'IeM Hll pa3y eMy He CTaBIIJill Ha Bll,ll;
pa6cKOro COCT051HH51, He YJIII'IHJIII ero B 3TOM, II caM OH B 3TOM He rrpII3HaBaJIC51, TO nycTb OH l10Jlb3yeTC51 o6rn:eIO c .npyrHMII rpaJK,ZJ;aHaMII CB060,ZJ;OIO; ll rroCJie CMepTII ero HHKTO .na He ITOCMeeT o6b.s:IBJI51Tb ero CBOIIM pa6oM.

N2 61. BpeMeH: npauo ropo,z::r;cxo:H qePTfil. 28 HOJI6p.H 1186 r.
<l>pII.n;pHx, EoJKHeii: crrocrreIIIecrnyID:rn:eii: MHJIOCTbIO HMrrepaTOp... UeH.s:I
'leCTHYIO ll ITOCTO.s:IHHYIO rrpe,ZJ;aHHOCTb ropoJKaH ropo.na EpeMeHa II JKeJia.s:I ITO
3acJiyraM B03,ZJ;aTb 3a HX BepHOCTb, Mbl ycryrraeM HM ll YTBepJK,ZJ;aeM 3a ropo,ZJ;OM EpeMeHOM Te npaBa, KOTOpb1e 6JiaJKeHHoii: rraM.s:ITH HMrrepaTop KapJI no
HaCTO.s:ITeJibHOii: rrpoch6e CB. BHJIJiera.n;a, rrepBoro CB.s:ITHTeJI.s:1 ~epKBH EpeMeHcKoii:, ycryrrHJI 3TOMY ropo.ny, a IIMeHHO:

1.

EcJIH KaKOH-JIII6o MYJK'IIIHa IIJIH JKeH:W:HHa rrpo6y.neT 6ecrrpeAATCTBeHHO

B ropo.ne EpeMeHe B rrpe.neJiax Toro, 'ITO B rrpocTope'Ibe Ha3brnaeTc.s:I
Weichbild'oM [ropo.ncKa.s:I 'IepTa], B Te'leHIIe ro.na II ,ZJ;H.s:I, JI ecJIH KTO-JIH6o

360
nocJie 3TOfO B3,ll;yMaeT [no)KeJiaeT] ocnap1rnaTb ero CBo6o.n;y' TO, HaJIO)KHB
MoJiqaHHe Ha )KaJI06IUHKa, nycTb 6y.n;eT rrpe.n;ocTaBJieHO TOMy ,ll;OKa3aTb CBOIO
CB06o.n;y CCbIJIKOH Ha BbIIIIeyKa3aHHbIH cpoK; H3bIMaIOTCH Bee JIIO,ll;H EpeMeHCKOR u:epKBH H Bcex u:epKBeH, rrpHMbIKaIOIUHX K Heil no rrpaBOBOMy CBOeMy
IIOJIO)KemrIO.

N2 62. IlocraHoBJieHHe 06 yCJioBHJIX B03BpaTa
HCCB060AffhlX, yme,zi;mHX B ropo,zi;a, HX rocno,zi;aM
[16 ,zi;eK. (1224), npH reHpHXe VI]
f eHp11x,

DO)l{Heii MHJIOCTbIO PHMCKHH rrMrrepamp 11 T . .n;. 06bHBAAeM ... ~o

TaK KaK Me)K.n;y 3Jlb3aCCKHMH ropo.n;aMH HaIIIHMH H 3HaTHblMH MHHHCTepHaJiaMH ceiI o6JiaCTH B03HHKaeT crrop HacqeT co6crneHHblX HX JIIO.n;eii, KOTOpbie y)Ke
rrepeIIIJIH H BIIpe.n;h CTaHyT rrepexo.n;HTb B 3TH ropo.n;a, TO qT06bl TH)K6a 3Ta
HaBcer.n;a rrpeKpaTHJiaCb H o6e CTOpOHbl MOrJIH IIOJib30BaTbCH CBOHM rrpaBOM,
HaMH IIOCTaHOBJieHO TaKOe pe111eH11e: eCJIH KaKOH-JIH6o qeJIOBeK, rrpHHa.n;Jie)KaIUHR KaKoMy-JIH6o 3HaTHOMY HJIH MHHHCTeprraJiy' yiI.n;eT B HaIIIH ropo.n;a pa.n;H
npe6bIBaHHH TaM H rocno.n;HH no)KeJiaeT ero BbITpe6oBaTb o6paTHO, TO caM
rocno.n;HH c 7-IO po.n;cTBeHHHKaMH CBOHMH c MaTepHHCKOH CTOpOHbl. .. ,ll;OJI)KeH
,ll;OKa3aTb, qTo OH rrprrHa.n;Jie)KHT eMy Ha npaBe co6cTBeHHOCTH, H B3HTb ero.
EcJirr )Ke rocno.n;rrH noqeMy-JIH6o He MO)KeT npe.n;cTaBHTh po.n;cTBeHHHKOB HJIH
6JIH3KHX, TO OH, B3HB c co6oIO .n;Byx BepHbIX CBH,ll;eTeJieii no coce.n;crny Tex
MeCT, OTKy.n;a po.n;OM qeJIOBeK, qbeH BbI,Z1;aq11 Tpe6yIOT, rrycTb ,ll;OKa)KeT, qTo TOT
qeJioBeK, npe)K.n;e qeM y111eJI B Ha111rr ropo.n;a, nprrHa.n;Jie)KaJI eMy Ha npaBe
nOJIHOll H HepyIIIHMOH co6cTBeHHOCTH, H ITOCJie Toro c ceMbIO ce6e paBHbIMH
nycTb no.n;TBep.n;HT 3TO, npHKOCHYBIIIHCb K CBHTbIM peJIHKBHHM; H Tor.n;a qeJIOBeK ero nyCTb 6y.n;eT OT,ll;aH eMy o6paTHO.
Mbl nocTaHOBJI.HeM TaK)Ke H HaKpenKo rrpe.n;rrHCbIBaeM, qTOObI Bee 3HaTHbie
H MHHHCTepHaJibl, KaK y)Ke CKa3aHo, )KeJiaIOmHe BepHyTb eBOHX eo6cTBeHHblX
JIIO,ll;eH, BeTyrraJIH B ropo.n;a HaIIIH no.n; oxpaHOH Ha111ero MHpa H yxo.n;HJIH OTTy.n;a 6e3 T.HrOTbI H o6H,ll;bI, H qTo6hI ,ll;OJI)KHOCTHbie JIHU:a M eoBeT ropo.n;oB HaIIIHX oxpaIDIJIH HX BO BpeMH HX p03bieKOB ...

N2 63. I>epH. Jiro,zi;oBHK CaBo:HcKH:H BCTyIIaeT
B rpaxqi;aHCTBO. 25 <l>eBpa.IDI 1297 r.
Mhl, JIIO.n;OBHK CaBoiieKrrii, BJia.n;eTeJib Baa.n;Ta, o6bHBJIHeM BO Beeo6mee
cBe.n;eHrre, qm MbI c.n;eJiaJIHeh rpa)K,ll;aHHHOM B ropo.n;e EepHe rr nprrcHrttyJIH ero
rpa)K,ll;aHCTBY H rrpHHHJIH ero Ha CJie.n;yIOIUHX ycJIOBHHX, a HMeHHo: qTo Mbl,
B c~ae qbeii-mi:6o )KaJI06hl Ha Hae, rrepe.n; JIHU:OM ... IIIYJihTxeH:ea ... KOHCYJIOB
H rpa)K.n;aH EepHa He ,ll;OJl)l{Hbl OTBeqaTb Ha HX cy.n;e H HeCTH HaKa3aHHe, a
TaK)Ke He o6H3yeMCH B CHJIY HaIIIero rpa)K.n;aHCTBa BHOCMTb HJIM ynJiaqHBaTb

361
KaKMe 6bI TO HM 6bIJIO Ha.JIOrn mrn rro6opbl.
mrn

yrroM.~IHyToe

11 .n.a Be,ll.OMO

6y.n.eT, qTo Mbl, rrpM-

rpa)K,ll.aHCTBO M rrpMC5lTHYB eMy' BIIOJIHe coxpaHSieM Ha.[( co-

6oM: 1I oco6o oroBapMBaeM [BJiaCTb] rrpeCBeTJiblX ... KOpOJI5:1 ct>paHU:lIM B 3BaHMM
rpacpa EypryH,ll.lilI ,ll.O Tex rrop, IIOKa OH 6y.n.eT BJia.[(eTb 3TMM rpacpCTBOM, M
rocrro.n.Mtta AMe.n.e11, repu;ora caBolicKoro, .n.pa)Kalliuero Ramero rocrro.n.MHa M
6parn ...

NQ

64. Ke.n:&H. IlpHCJira npH npHIDITHH
B rpa)K)J;aHCTBO ( OKOJIO

1355 r.)

BoT B qeM ,ll.OJI)KHbl rrpMC5IraTb Te, KOTOpbIX 3aHOBO rrpHHHMaIOT B 6roprepb1 KeJihtta:

1.

Bo-rrepBbIX, OHM ,ll.OJI)KHbl rrpMC5IfHYTb B TOM, qTo 6y.n.yT BepHbl M rrpe-

.n.aHbl CoBery M ropo.n.y KeJihtty M 6y.n.yT CT05:1Tb 3a ero .n.o6po M 6opoHHTb ero
OT BC5IKOro 3Jia, no "Kpa:H:tteMy CBOeMy pa3yMeHMIO.

2.

TaK)Ke 6y.n.yT BbIXO,ll.MTb Ha 30B Ha6aTHOf0 KOJIOKOJia 1I MMeTb IIOJIHOe

CBoe co6crnettttoe cttap11)KeHMe Ha 6Jiaro CoBern II ropo.n.a KeJihHa.

3.

A KOr,ll.a OHM IIpHHecyT TaKOBYIO rrpMc11ry, TO MOryT 6bITb rrp1IH5:1Tbl B

rpa)K.ll,aHCTBO co BCeMH CBo6o.n.aMH, KaKHMlI IIOJ1b3YIOTC5:1 .n.pyrHe 6roprepb1.
EcJIM 0Ka)KeTc11 rrpM 3TOM, qTo OH y)Ke TpM ro.n.a )KlIJI B KeJibHe II )KMJI cBoHM ,ll.OMOM, TO rrycTb BHeCeT

6 ryJib.ll,eHOB

CaMblX IIOJIHOBeCHbIX; a ecJIM OKa)KeT-

C5:1, qTo OH CMl(eJI MeHbIIIe Tpex JieT, TO rrycTb BHeceT

4.

11

12

ryJibl(eHOB.

,lla.Jiee CJie.n.yeT TaK)Ke crrpanmBaTb MX, He qbM JIM HM6y.n.h OHM JllO,ll.M.

BOT eCJIM B03HlIKHeT .n.eJio, qTo OHM qbM-JIM6o M MX IIOTpe6yIOT B TeqeHMe

ro.n.a rrocJie Bh1.n.aqM rpaMOThI Ha rpa)K.n.aHcTBo, TO cJie.n.yeT oT.n.aTb ero rocrro,ll.MHY, M ero 6roprepcKoe 3BattMe He ,ll.OJI)KHO .n.aBaTb eMy rrpMKphITH11.

NQ 66. ff3 ropo.zi;cKoro npaua, .zi;auuoro Beue
JleonOJib,1.J;OM VI (18 OKTJ16pJ1 1221 r.)
24.

TaK)Ke rrpe.n.rrMchrnaeM, qT06b1 HM O,ll.MH qy)KaK He BXO,ll.MJI B ropo.n. c

HaJia)KeHHblM JIYKOM, [Ho] y BOpOT ropo.n.a OH .LJ:OJI)KeH CH5:1Tb TeTHBY c JiyKa;
1I eCJIM y Hero CCTb KaKoe-JIM6o .n:eJIO B ropo.n:e, nycTb OH OCTaBMT JIYK B CBOeM: rocTHHMU:e, a, IIOKOHqlIB .n:eJIO, yxo,n:MT 1I3 ropo.n:a TaK)Ke He Ha.Jla.[(lIB JiyKa.
A eCJIM KTO IIOCTYIIHT BOIIpeKH 3TOMY' TO y Hero rryCTb OTbIMYT JIYK 1I CTpeJihl
6e3 Bc11Koro pa3roBopa. TaK)Ke .n:a He 6y.n.eT rro3BoJietto HMKoMy M3 rpa)K.n:att
BXO.LJ:lITb MJIM BblXO.LJ:MTb M3 ropo.n:a c Ha.Jia)KCHHblM JIYKOM. KTo IIOCTYIIMT BOrrpeKM 3TOMY M y KOro 3axBaqeHbl 6y.n:yT B ropo.n.cKHX CTeHax CTpeJibl c )KeJie3HbIMM HaKoHeqHMKaMM, TOT yrrJiaTMT cy.n.be HarneMy

25.

72

.n.ettapirn.

EcJIM B .n.oMe KaKoro-JIM6o ropo)KaHMHa B03HMKHeT IIO)Kap, TaK qTo

IIJiaMH BM.lJ:HO 6y.n.eT Ha.n. Kpb1rneM: ero, TO OH yrrJiaTMT cy.n.be

1 <PYHT.

EcJIH )Ke

cropMT Beeb TOT ,ll,OM, TO OH cy.n.be HMqero He IIJiaTMT, ,ll.OBOJlbHO c Hero co6CTBCHHOro y6bITKy.

362

VIII. TOPfOBJUI l1 l1H)JYCTPIBI
NQ 71. Baae.nh. 3anpem;eHHe KOH<IJHcxouaTh
HMYID;CCTBO 6roprepoB 3a ,ll;OJlrH enHCKOila. 17 HIOHH 1274 r.
Py.n.oJibcp, Em1rn:e:H: MHJIOCThID KopoJih ... EJiarocKJIOHHO CHM30:il.n.H K npoch6aM BepHbIX Hanrnx no,n,n:aHHhIX, 6a3eJihCKHX rpa)K,l],aH .... Mhl B nOJIHOTe KOpoJieBCKOH [ CBoeM:] BJiaCTM coqJIII HY)KHbIM co6JiaroBOJIMTh' l:J:T06hI HM O;J;MH
MapKrpacp, repu;or HJIH rpacp, qeJIOBeK BhICOKOpO;J;HblM HJIH xy;:i;oi1:, ;:i;yxoBHhIM
HJIH CBeTCKHM, He 3aTeBaJI H He OCMeJIMBaJIC51 npMBJieKaTh MX K OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH HJIM Ha.JiaraTh 3anpe111eHHe Ha HX HMy111ecTBO no ceyqaro ,l(OJifOB ,l(OCTOl:J:TMMOro MeCTHOfO errHCKona 6a3eJibCKOfO, B03JIID6JieHHOfO KH51351 Ramero M
PMMCKOM MMrrepMH, ero JIM caMoro HJIH KaKoro-m160 .n:pyroro JIMu;a, MJIM rro.n:
rrpe,n:JioroM )Ka.JI06 Ha HHX.

NQ 72. PereHc6ypr. H3 ropo,zi;cxoro npaua
<l>pH,ZJ;pHXa II. 4 ceHTH6pa 1230 r.

15.

TaK)Ke ecJiu: KaKoM-JIH6o ropo)KaHHH noTepnHT Kopa6JieKpyrneHMe M

no 3TOM npMl:IMHe KTO-HH6y,n:h orpa6MT y Hero HMy111ecTBO, TO caM rpa6HTeJih
BCJie,l(CTBHe 3TOro rrpocTynKa nycTb IIO,l(BeprHeTC51 lIMrrepCKOM OIIaJie.

NQ 73. OTMeHa «6eperouoro npaua» 8 ceHTH6pa 1308 r.

§ 2.

CBepx Toro 6hIJIO np116aBJieHo, l:J:TO ecJIM JIID.l(H MJilI Kynu;hI KopoJieB-

cTBa HopBe)KCKOro rrOTeprrHT Kopa6JieKpyrneH11e CJIYl:J:HJIOCh -

,n:aM: Eor, l:J:T06h1 3TOro He

B rpacpCTBe C!>JiaH,n:pCKOM lIJIH, Hao6opoT, JIID,ll,M rpacpCTBa

C!>JiaH,n:pcKoro B rrpe,n:eJiax KopoJieBcTBa HopBe)KcKoro, To HM nycTh 6y,n:eT
rrpe,n:OCTaBJieHO 3TH'noTeprreBIIIHe KpyrneHHe HJIH noBpe)K,l(eHHbie Kopa6JIH co
BCeM HX HMymeCTBOM MHpHO H CB06o,n:HO, caMOJIHl:J:HO HJIH c nOMOillhID .n:pyr11x, l:J:HHHTh, rro.n:6u:paTh H BJia,l(eTb, noKa OHM caMlI He CTaHyT C'IlITaTb Bee 3TO
3a 6porneHHoe; 6aJihH )Ke, KOTOpbIH B ,n:aHHOe BpeM51 OKa)KeTC51 TYT lIJIH TaM,
r.n:e H Kor.n:a CJIY'IHTC51 rrpOH30HTH KOpa6JieKpyrneHHID, ,l(OJI)KeH BepHo 3a111u:111aTh lI oxpaH51Th OT Ha6eroB co CTOpOHhl 6ecnOKOHHhlX lI rpa611TeJiell: lI caMHX noTepneBIIIlIX KpyrneHIIe H HX pa36HTbie cy,n:a, H OT,l(eJibHbie npe,n:MeThl
II3 MX HMy111ecTBa, HHal:J:e OH .n:a no,n:BeprHeTC51 HaKa3aHHID coo6pa3HO pa3Mepy npocTynKa HJIH Hepa,n:emrn.

NQ 74. Ilpaua pereHc6yprcKHX xynn;ou B ABc'IpHH.
9 HIOJIJI 1192 r.
JleonoJih.l(, Eo)K11eM: MlIJIOCThID repuor ABcTpM11 11 llIT11p11M ... OueHHB
BepHOCTh perettc6yprCKHX rpa)K;J;aH, KaKOBYID OHM MHOroKpaTHO BhIKa3bIBaJIM Harnei1: CBeTJIOCTH, MhI CO'IJIH ,l(OCTOHHhIM nO'ITHTb HX naqe OCTaJihHhIX, 1160

363
npeJ];aHHOCTb IIX no cpaBHeHIIIO c ApyrIIMII Mbl CTOJibKO pa3 c y6eJ];IITeJibHOH
O"LleBIIAHOCTbIO IICnbITaJIII Ha J];eJie.

1. M

BOT II3 nOIIIJIIIH, KOTOpbie ynJia"L!IIBaJIIICb HaM c npeJJ:MeTOB, BB03H-

MbIX B Hallly 3eMJIIO Ha rrpo,a;a>Ky HJIH YB03HMbIX OT Hae, Mbl c 06bI"L!HOH Il{eapocTbIO "L!aCTb CJIO./KHJIH C HHX.

2. A

npoTHB 6ec"L£MHCTBa ,nOJI)J(HOCTHbIX HallIHX JIHU, MbI HM [ rpa)J(,naHaM

PereHc6ypra] KaK JIIO,nHM 6JIH3KHM .n:apyeM nocTOHHHOe npaBo, H Bnpe,nh He3bI6JieMo ycTaHaBJIHBaH, "L!TO eCJIH KTO-HH6y.n:b H3 HHX paHHT "LleJioBeKa TaK,
"L!TO OTCIOJ];a npOH30M,neT nopa)J(eHlie "L!JieHOB, B rrpoCTope"LlHH Ha3bIBaeMoe KaJie"L!eHHeM, TO OH yTIJiaTHT cy,nbe .n:ecHTb TaJiaHTOB. EcJIH )Ke paHeHbIH OKa)J(eTCH
. 6e3 yKa3aHHOrO "L!JieHOBpe,n:HTeJibCTBa, TO 3a npoJIHTHe KpOBH rrycTb ynJiaTHT
cy,nhe TPH TaJiaHTa.

3.

.l{aJiee, eCJIM KTO-HH6y,a;b H3 HMX y6beT KOrO-HII6y,nb, Mbl He Ha3Ha"L£a-

eM orrpe,neJieHHOro IIITpacpa, HO nyCTb OH coo6pa3HO TOMY' KaK MO)J(eT' y Jia,ll;HT c cy,a;beM. 0,a;HaKO Mbl npH6aBJIHeM, "L!TO ecJIH OH CJiy-qaM:Ho HaTKHeTCH Ha
cy,nbIO -qepec-qyp npII,nIIp"LllIBOro BO B3blCKaHMH, TO nyCTb Boii:,neT B corJiallleHIIe c rocy.n:apeM cTpaHhI, 6yAe no>KeJiaeT.

4.

KpoMe Toro, nocTaHOBJIHeM, "LlT06bI TOT, KOTOpbIM y.n:apHT Koro-HH6y,n:h

KyJiaKOM IIJIH IlaJIKOM TaK, "L!TO OT 3TOro IIOHBHTCH orryxoJib, yrrJiaTHJI cy,a;be
TPH TaJiaHTa.

A

ecJIH 3TIIX ,n:eHer OH yrniaTIITb He cMo)J(eT, cy,n:bH rroJiy"L£IIT

BJiaCTb pacnopH.l(HTbCR ero IIIKypoii: II BOJIOCOM*. 3To )Ke HaKa3aHIIe noHeCeT
H TOT 1 KTO paHMT .n:pyroro 6e3 'IJieHOBpe,n:IITeJibCTBa, eCJIII OH He CMO)J(eT
ynJiaTIITb IIOJIO)J(eHHbIX 3a 3TO ,n:eHer.

5. A

KTO BbI.l(epeT y "L!eJioBeKa BOJIOCbl HJIH y.n:apllT B 3y6b1, yrrJiaTMT

3

co-

JIM,n:a. EcJIII )Ke He CMO)J(eT 3a1IJiaTIITb ycTaHOBJieHHbIX ,n:eHer' TO noJiy"L!HT coPOIC y,n:apoB IIaJIKoii B npncyTCTBMII cy,n:hM.

6. A

eCJIH KTO-HM6y.l(b CKa>KeT .n:pyroMy OCKop6nTeJibHbie CJIOBa, ynJiaTMT

copoK ,ZJ,eHapIIeB. EcJIII >Ke Ha3oBeT co6a11bMM CbIHOM HJIM BopoM, TO no,a;Bepr-

HeTcR TOMY >Ke IIITpacpy' KaKOM Mbl Ha3Ha'IHJIH Bblllle 3a BbI,n:IIpaHIIe BOJIOC II
y ,nap B 3Y6bI.

7.

ECJIH KTO-Hn6y,ZJ,b CTaHeT Y"lJMTb CBOIO npMCJiyry y.n:apaMII IIJIH KaKIIM 6bI

TO HM 6bIJIO cnoco6oM, TO OH 3a 3TO He OTBeTMT cy,n:be.

8.

EcJIH rrpHcJiyra KOro-HII6y,nb H3 HHX COBepllIIIT "L!TO-HII6y.n:h npoTMB

3aKOHa, TO nyCTb ee cy.l(RT no yCTaHOBJieHHOMy 3aKoHy, a rocIIO.l(IIH ee OCTaHeTCH B IIOKOe II 6e3 ,llOKYKII co BCeM CBOIIM IIMyll{eCTBOM.

9.

EcJIII cy.l(bR KOMy-HM6y,n:b II3 HIIX B 11eM-HII6y,n:b rrpe,n:bHBMT o6BIIHeHMe

II He OKa>KeTCR no 3TOMY ,neJiy o6BIIHIITeJI51 MJIII )J(aJI06ll(MKa, TO o6BMHReMbIM
MO)J(eT O'IIICTIITbCH e,n:IIHOJIII"L!HOM KJIHTBOM.

* HaKa3amre, conp.si:JKettHoe c 06ec'!ell(em1eM ( CaKcottcKoe 3ep11,aJio).

364
10.

EcJm CJIY'!aHHO B03HHKHeT )KaJI06a ITO ITOBO.ll.Y TOprDBbIX C,ll,eJIOK, TO

Te, KOTOpbie Ha3bIBaIOTCH litcoufare [MeJIKHe TpaKTHpIIJ;HKH], He ,ll,OITYCKaIOTCH CBH,ll,eTeJIHMH ITPOTHB HHX; ITOqTeHHbie )Ke JIIO,ll,H, KOTOpbie 30BYTC.H X03.He-

Ba (hospites), c11peqb wirte, 11 KOTOpbIM ITO 3acJiyraM cJie,ll,yeT sepHTb, 6y,ll,yT
JIM OHH H3 BeHbI HJIH PereHc6ypra, ITYCTh 6y.ll.yT BhICJiyIIIaHhI B HX ,ll,eJie.

13.

EcJUI r.n;e-HH6y,ll,h B .apyroM MeCTe, He B HaIIIeii CTpaHe, KTO-JIH6o 113

HHX paHHT KOro-JIH6o, ll ITOCJie 3TOro IlOCTpa,ll,aBIIIHH Haii,ll,eT ero 3,ll,eCb H ITO,ll,aCT Ha Hero )KaJI06y, OH 6y,ll,eT cy,ll,HTbC.H B BbIIIIeycTaHOBJieHHOM ITOp.H,ll,Ke.
EcJm )Ke ITOCTpa,ll,aBIIIero He OKa)KeTC.H HaJIHI.J;O, TO HHKOMy .n;pyroMy BHHOBHHK 3a 3TO He OTBeTHT.

14.

ECJIH KTO-JIH6o H3 HHX 0,ll,HOMY H3 rpa)K,ll,aH ITpO,ll,aCT KaKOH 6bI TO Hll

6bIJIO TOBap, H ecJIH ITOKyITaTeJib He pa3fJIR,ll,HT Toro, qTO ITOKyITaeT H yBe3eT
3a ITpe,neJihI ropo,ll,a, a ITOTOM cTaHeT yJI11qaTb ITpo,ll,aB:u:a ITepe,ll, cy,ll,heii B
MaHHoii ITpO,ll,a)Ke, ITpo.aase:u: He OTBeTHT 3a 3TY ITpO,ll,a)Ky.

A

06-

eCJIH ITO COBep-

IIIeHHH ITpD,ll,a)KH ropo)KaHHH ycMOTPHT CKpbITblll ll3'bHH H fOCTb 3axoqeT H3'bHH
3TOT B03MecnITb 6e3 CY,ll,bH, TO cy,ll,h.H ITOCJie 3TOro y)Ke He 6y,ll,eT HMeTb HHKaKOro ,ll,eJia K fOCTIO ITO 3TOMy ITOBO.ll.Y.

15.

EcJIH rocTh KOMy-JI1160 H3 ropo)KaH ,ll,aCT ITO,ll,pe3aHHYIO IIITYKY cyKHa

H IIOKyrraTeJib H3-3a 3TOf0 IIplIBJieqeT npo.aami;a K cy,ll,be, TO, eCJIH fOCTb e,ll,HHOJillqHO ITOKJI.HHeTC.H, qTO OH He 3HaJI 3TOfO, OH poBHO H11qero He 3aIIJiaTHT
3a 3TO cy,ll,he, a TOJibKO B03MeCTHT y6bITOK. )laJiee, eCJIH He 3axoqeT IIOKJI.HCTbCH, yIIJiaTHT IIOJITaJiaHTa cy,ll,he ,ll,a fJiaIIIaTaIO ,ll,BeHa,ll,:U:aTb ,ll,eHapHeB.

16.

CmrnBOJI.HeM TaK)Ke, qT06b1 OHH 6e3 scaKoro 3aTpy.aHeHH.H rroKyrraJIH

30JIOTO, KO)Kll ll Bee, qTo ITO)KeJiaIOT' 3a llCKJIIOqeHHeM cepe6pa.

17.

TaK)Ke 3a rpy3 TeJiern, KOTOpbIH B rrpocTopeq11:11 Ha3hrnaeTc.H ein

Wagengiwand, Kor.aa ero Be3yT H3 KeJibHa B TaMOIIIHeii yrraKOBKe, rrycTh IIJiaT.HT rp11 TaJiama. EcJIH )Ke MhITapro ITOKa)KeTC.H, qTo CJKHa ITpeBhIIIIaIOT BhIIIIeJKa3aHHhIH rpy3, TO rocTh e,ll,HHOJIHqHOH KJI.HTBOii Y.ll.OCTOBepHT, qro JIHIIIKa HeT.

18.

PaBHO ecJIH KTO-JIH6o cJiyqaiitto HJIH ITO Heo6xo,ll,HMOCTH pa3B.H)KeT

ITO,ll,06HyIO ITOKJia)Ky II CHOBa ee CB.H)KeT' TO OH e,ll,HHOJIHqHoii KJl.HTBOH y ,ll,OCTOBepHT' qTo OH CB.H3bIBaJI TO )Ke KOJIHqecTBO cyKHa, KaKoe CB.H3aHHbIM IIIJIO
H3 KeJibHa.

19.
B03a -

12 coJIH,ll,OB, 3a qernepTb
50 ,ll,eHapHeB, 3a 15 :u:eHTeH BOCKY - 50
Ilp11 ITJiaaaHHH BHH3 yIIJiaq11:aaeTCH 52 .aeHapHH cy,ll,he B Bette, B
- 36, y cs. llnITOJIHTa - 4, B TyJihHe - 12 c B03a cyKHa.

TaK)Ke 3a ITOJIB03a cyKHa rrycTh yIIJiaq11BaeTc.H

6 COJIH,ll,OB,

,ll,eHap11ea.
Me.aeJI11:xe

20. A Kor,11,a

3a COTHIO KO)K -

OHH npe,11,110qTyT co CBOHMH IlOB03KaMH OTIIpaBHTbC.H cyxnM

ITyTeM, a He Ha cy,ll,He, HJUI KOf,ll,a BCJie,IJ,CTBHe cypoaoii 3HMbl HHaqe C,IJ,eJiaTb
H HeJib3H, TO ITpH6bIBaIOIIJ;He ynJiaT.HT c ITOB03Kll cyKHa ,ll,Ba cpyHTa, a B03Bparn;arorn;nec.H -

ITOJicpyHTa.

365
21.

EcJill MeJIOlJHble TOprOBIJ;bl Be3yT caoero TOBapa, KOTOpbIM Ha3bIBaeT-

CH ~cramgiwanb CTOJlbKO, lJTO MOiKHO rrp11paBHHTb ITOJIYIIOB03Ke cyKHa, TO

6y.n;yT ITJiaTHTb

12

COJIH,l(OB, eCJill qeTBepry10 llaCTb, TO

6

COJIH,l(OB; 3a pa3JilllJ-

Hhie BhI.n;eJiaHHbie KOiKll HllKTO MbITa ITJiaTHTb He 6y.n;eT.

22.

3a u;eHT Me,lJ;M, OJIOBa, KOJIOKOJibHOM Me,n;M 6y,n;yT IIJiaTHTb

llheiftte*, B Mary311He 6y.n;yT ITJiaTHTh

23.
T.HT

SO

10 .n;.

B

HMtiero. 3a rpy3 ceJib,n;eH:, HaJhIBaeMbIH JiacToM,

.n;ettap11eB B llheH:tte, B Mary3ttHe -

HHllero.

JI10.n;11 c PycH (Ruzarii) B KaKoe 6hl BpeM.H OHM HM IIIJill, rrycTb IIJia-

2 <f>yHTa,

a Ha o6paTHOM nyTH M3 PycM -

rroJicpyHTa; .n;BeHa.n;u;aTb .n;eHa-

p11es OHll 6y.n;YT ITJiaTl'ITb 3a BXO,ll; Ky.n;a 6b1 TO Hll 6hIJIO.

Ng 75. H3 rpaMOTbl JleonoJTh,ZJ;a VI ropo.rcy BeHe
(18 OKTJ16pJ1 1221 r.)

§ 23.

,l{a He 6y.n;eT rroJBOJieHo HH o.n;HoMy M3 iKMTeJieH IIIsa6MH, PereH-

c6ypra MJIM Ilaccay B'be3iKaTh co CBOMMM TOBapaMM B BeHrpHIO.
IIMT BOrrpeKM ceMy' 3aITJiaTMT HaM

2 MapKM

30JIOTOM.

l1

A

KTO rrocry-

HMKTO M3 MH03eMHbIX

Kynu;oB .n;a He OCTaeTC.SI B ropo.n;e (Bette) co CBOMMM TOBapaMH 6oJiee .n;syx
Mec.Hu;es H .n;a He rrpo.n;aeT KaKoro-JIH6o rrpMBe3eHttoro HM TOBapa qyiKoMy, a
TOJibKO Jllllllb ropoiKaHHHY.

l1

rrycTb He IIOKynaeT 30JIOTa MJIH cepe6pa; eCJIM

iKe y Hero eCTh 30JIOTO HJIM cepe6po, TO OH MOiKeT rrpo,n;aTb HX TOJibKO HaIIIeH

KaJHe.

Ng 76. HeMeiµm:H ~op B BeHe~H (Fondaco dei Tedeschi)

Ila Kamny;u1puee a) 1268; e) 4-VII-1302; c) 13-11-1329 rr.
a) 2. IlocTaHOBJieHo 6bIJIO EoJibIIIHM CoBeToM, lITO ,n;oJiiKHhI 6hITh H36paHhI Tpoe Bllu;e.n;oMMHOB, KOTOphie ,ll;OJliKHbI iKHTb BO .l{Bope, a TaKiKe .n;noe IIHCu;01Jf·

l1

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Hll rro1<yrraTh, HM rrpo,n;aBaTb qero 6hI TO HM 6bIJIO, Hll rropytiaTh rroKyrraTb B
caMOM ,l{Bope MJIH BHe ero, a TaKiKe HHKTO HHKOHM o6pa30M He CTaHeT .n;asaTb
crrpaBOK Hll JllllIHO, Hll qepe3 KaKoro-;m6o Kyrru;a, KOTOpblH .SIBHTC.H B 3TOT
.l{Bop. Hao6opoT, Bflll;e.n;oMHHbl, IIHCIJ;bl ll CMOTpHTeJib IIO,ll;BOpb.SI 06.SIJYIOTC.SI He
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so cpyHTOB,

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11

3a HCKJIIOlJeHHeM TOJibKO IIOJiyqaeMoro HMM OT 06-

ecJIM Y3HaIOT, lITO KTO-JIH6o rroJiyqHJI, rrycTh 3aCTaB.SIT

sepHyTh KaK MOiKHO CKOpee.

3. l1

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90

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ou;eHKaMH.

*

Ha .l{yttae,

OKOJIO

KpeMca.

366
4. IlMceu; )Ke ,n:OJii:KeH TaKi:Ke ei:KeMeCHqHo BMeCTe co CMOTplITeJieM t{Bopa
ITOKyITaTb BMHO.

M

O/l:lIH He Moi:KeT ITOKyITaTb ero caM ITO ce6e, 6es .n:pyroro.

5. HlIKTO He MOi:KeT HoqeBaTb B Ha3BaHHOM t{Bope, eCJilI OH He KyITeu: lIJill
He cJiyra y KyITu:a.

6.

PaBHO M Bee apTeJibITTMKM [misseta, misseta] t{Bopa ,n:OJii:KHbI 6bITb ITO,L1,-

cy,L1,HbI KOHcyJiaM, KaK M paHbllle. TeM He Mettee M BMU:el,l.OMMHbI 06.Sisy10Tc.SI,
eCJIII KaKOH-JIM6o apTeJibITTMK, IIJIM ynaKOBITTIIK, MJllI HOCMJibITTIIK IIO,ll,BeprHeTC.SI o6BIIHeHIIIO, BMU:e,ll,OMIIHbI ,ll,OJli:KHbI CTapaTeJibHO paccJie,ll,OBaTb .3TOT CJiyqaH:
M B ITOp.SI,ll,Ke lI3JIOi:KlITb ero IIIICbMeHHO.

M

KOr,ll,a pa3bIITTyT, ITOKa3aTb yrroM.SI-

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b) 7)

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sa rrpe,n:eJibI KBapraIIa PIIaJibTO yrraKOBhIBaTh qTQ 6b1 TO HM 6bIJIO 6es paspeIllemrn: BIIIJ,e,ll,OMMHOB osttaqeHHoro t{Bopa rro,ll, yrposoH: ttapyllieHAA .3Toro rrpamrna.

M

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mrny Toro ...

9.

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KaKIIe KYIIJieHbl, qTo MMeHHO, CKOJibKO 11 sa CKOJlbKO, II ,ll,aBaTb .3TY 3aITMCb
BMIJ,e,ll,oMMHaM, rrpei:K,n:e qeM KyITeu: 110JiyqIIT cBoH: rrpIIIIaBOK.

M

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M

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HMqero OCTaBMTb Ha CKJia.11,e B BeHe1IMM, eCJIM 06b1qHbIM rrop.SI.11,KOM He 3aIIMCaJI .3TOfO B OIIHCb BIIIJ;e.11,0MHHOB, BHIJ;e,ll,OMllHbl i:Ke o6.~I3aHbl xpaHIITb M 6epeqb
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10.

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.3TOT cIJeT oITpe,ll,eJietto .Ll.pyroe HaKa3aHMe, ITOMeHbIIIe.
11. TaKi:Ke qT06b1 BIIU:e.Ll.OMMHbI 11MeJI11 rroJIHOMOIJMe rrpIIBO,ll,HTb K rrp11c.SIre pa3HbIX JIMU:, KaK MM 3a6Jiaropaccy,L1,HTC5I B CIIJIY HX 3BaHAA.

M

qT06bI Mor-

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12. TaKi:Ke qT06bI BMIJ;e,ll,OMHHbl HMeJIM ITOJIHOMOqlI.SI CJie,ll.yIOIIIHM o6pa30M
ll rrop.H):(KOM rrpn:qMCJI.SITb KYIIIJ;OB K yrroJIHOMoqeHHbIM: rryCTb OHM HMeIOT ,ll,Ba
.SIIIIMKa, B KOTOporo ,ll.OJii:KHbl IIOJIOi:KIITb lIMeHa YITOJIHOMoqeHHbIX 110,ll.BOpb.SI,
3arrn:caHHbie Ha 6yMai:KKH, TaK, qT06bI HeJib35I 6bIJIO 3HaTb IIMem1, HaIIMCaH-

367
HOro Ha KaJK.n;o.H saIUiCKe.

l1

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O,ZJ;Hy M3 3TMX sanMCOK I1 6y.n:eT MMeTb apTeJibmIIKa, KOTOpaH OH BbIHYJI TaKIIM
o6pa30M.

l1

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CKM, KOTOpbie 6y.n;yT BblttyTbl, .ZJ:OJIJKHbl 6bITb noJIOJKeHbl B .n:pyroii HmMK, noKa
He nepeii.n;yT B Hero Bee sanIICKII MS nepBoro Hm1ma.

l1

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CHa"CJaJia, KaK tJ,eJiaJIOCb paHbIIIe.

13.

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KII ynoJIHOMO"lleHHblX KynuaM, Kor.n:a 3TOro no:>KeJiaeT ynoJIHOMOlJeHHbIH, a He
t1,orrycKaJIM 6bI, "l!T06b1 MX npet1,ocTaBJIJIJIM .a:pyrMe.
c)

33.

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maMM 060 BCeM, "l!TO MbI IIOJiyqMM, 11 6y.a:eT COCTaBJIJITbCJI no,ZJ;ClJ:eT KaK npMB03a, TaK I1 BbIB03a.

l1

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6y.n:y npe.n:crnBJIJITb rocrro.n:11tty lJ:oJKy M CoBery ...

N2 81. ToproBMH ,zi;oroBop HMnepnn c <J>.]JaH,ZJ;pne:H.

29 Ma.JI 1173 r.
<DpHJJ.pMx, Eo:>KMeii MMJIOCTbIO KOpOJib

1.

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JieHHOro Ramero <l>MJimma, rpa¢a <l>JiaH.a;pcKoro, ycTaHOBMJIH 11.JIH
¢Jiatt.a;pcKIIX KynuoB "CJeTbipe 51pMapKII, a MMeHHo: JJ,Be Ha cyIIIe, B AxeHe, a

11.Be 11.pyr11x B Jl10nc6ypre Ha Bo11.e, c TeM, "l!T06bI OHII co6JIIO,ZJ;aJIMCb B orrpeJJ,eJieHHhie cpoKII.

2.

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(24

aBrycrn), II npoJJ,OJI:>KaeTCJI otta "l!eTbipHaJJ,UaTb JJ,Heil; Ha"l!aJIO

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:>Ke JJ,Heli. B AxeHe JKe OJJ,Ha 51pMapKa 6yJJ,eT Ha"l!HHaTbCJI B HaqaJie BeJIHKoro
IloCTa, rrpoJJ,OJI:>KaTbCJI "lleTbipHaJJ,UaTb ,ZJ,Heli, a .a:pyraJI Ha CB. MIIxaHJia

(29

ceHTJI6pH), II OTKpbITa Ha TOT JKe cpOK. Ilo OKOHtJaHHlI B OT.ZJ:eJibHOCTH Ka:>KJJ,bIX l1.BYX HeJJ,eJib, cpJiaHtl,pCKHe II lIHbie KynUbl AOJIJKHbl IIOTOM B TetJeHHe
.n:pyrHX l1.BYX He,ZJ,eJib npe6bIBaTb B noKoe, He npo.a:aBaJI HH"l!ero H3 CBOHX cyKOH; a 3aTeM, nocJie 3TOro cpoKa, nycTb CB06o,ZJ,HO npo.a:aIOT BCe. A B l1:IOHC6ypre OHM IIJiaTHT TY :>Ke pbIHOqHyIO nOIIIJIHHY, KaKyIO no 06b1qa10 IIJiaTJIT B
KeJibHe, II ynJiaTy rrycTb rrpoH3BOl1.JIT c Beca.

3.

A qT06b1 KynIJ,bI IIMeJIII 6oJibnree y.a:o6crno, npHKa3aJIH MbI qeKaHHTb

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cpJiaH.ZJ:PCKIIH IIOBemn npliHHMaTb no BceH: CBoeH: seMJie.

8.

HIIKTO He 6yJJ,eT Bbl3bIBaTb <DJiatt.n:pCKOro Kynua Ha noe.n;HHOK, HO eCJIH

6y.a:eT HMeTb lJTO-HH6y.a:b rrpoTHB Hero, TO o6JI3aH rrpHHHTb ero KJIHTBY Ha Bepy.

368
9.

Te )Ke Kynu,h1 no.n: HarneH: oxpattoH:, c ornercrneHHOCThIO 3a MX JI.WIHOCTh
M MMylll,eCTBO, 6y,n:yT MMeTh npaBO IIJiaBaTh BBepx M BHM3 no PeH:tty M Ha .n:pyfHX Bo,n:ax H 3eMJUIX, HaXO.U.Hlll,HXC.H B HMnepHH HarneH:; a KTO 3aMhlCJIHT coBeprnHTh Ha,n: HHMH HaCMJIHe HJIH OCKop6HTh MX, TO 6y,n:eT JIMIIIeH HarneH: MHJIOCTH ...

NQ 84.

IlpHpe:H:HCKaJI IIOIWIHHa

feHpHx III... l{a Be,n:oMo 6y,n:eT, KaK 5pyHo*, enttcKon TpttpCKHH, B TpeTHH ro.n: CBoero enHCKOnCTBa o6paTHJIC51 K HarneH: MHJIOCTH c npOCh6oH: 0 TOM,
"l:IT06hl Mhl, pa,n:H Be"CJHOH naM.HTM 0 Hae M 0 HeM, Ha nOJih3Y HhIHeIIIHMM M rp51.UYllJ.MM noKOJieHM.HM, MMnepaTopCKMM HaIIIMM aBTOpHTeTOM no,n:KpenMJIM co
CBoeH: CTOpOHhl npaBO Ha nOIIIJIMHY B Ko6JieHu,e, ,n:peBJie nepe,n:aHHYIO apxHenMCKOnOM TpttpcKMM IIonnoHoM** 6paTMM CB. CttMeoHa, noIIIJIMHy, npo KOrnpyIO caM .UOCTOnO"l!TeHHhlH enMCKOn 5pyHo Tlll,aTeJihHhlM o6pa30M paccnpoCMJI cKa6ttHOB ,n:aHHoH: MeCTHOCTM 5epeBMXa, fo,n:o6eprn, 3peH6eprn, Bttxap.n:a
M BCex MOHaCThlpCKMX JIIO,n:eH:, yBelll,a.H MX fOBOpHTh npaB,n:y' KaKa.H c Kopa6JieH: M3 pa3Hh1X MeCTHOCTeH: ynJia"l!MBaeTC.H Ha OCHOBaHMM .n:peBHero o6hl"lla51
nOIIIJIMHa B ,n:aHHOM MeCTe, M no,n:TBep,n:HJI enMCKOnCKMM CBOMM aBTOpMTeTOM,
"l!T06hl M Bnpe,n:h Ha Be"l!Hhle BpeMeHa OCTaBaJIOCh TaK.
Mhl 6JiaroCKJIOHHO OTHeCJIMCh K 6Jiaro"lleCTMBOH npoch6e OHOfO M yrnep.UMJIM, o "CJ:eM OH npoc1rn. Pa3Meph1 )Ke 3TOH noIIIJIMHhl TaKOBhl: nptt6hmaIOlll,Me
M3 fIOM (Hoio)*** .UOJI)l(Hhl ,n:aBaTh c Ka)K,n:Oro Kopa6JI51 no o,n:HoMy Me,n:HoMy
KOTeJIKy, no ,n:Ba Ta3a H no ,n:Be ,n:eHapttaThl BMHa. lfa l{ttHaHa*** TaK)Ke. 113
HaMIOpa*** TaK)Ke. I13 Bcex MecT, npttJieraIOlll,MX K Mo3eJIIO, TaK)Ke. IIptt6hmaIOlll,Me M3 JieH:,n:eHa ,n:OJI)l(Hhl ,n:aBaTh ,n:Be K03hMX rnKyph1, ,n:Ba Ta3a M ,n:Be
,n:eHapttaThl BHHa. IIptt6hmaIOlll,Me M3 3eMeJih naJI.UYHHOBhlX ,n:OJI)l(Hhl ,n:aBaTh
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O.UMH Chip M ,n:Be ,n:eHapHaThl BMHa. l13 AHTBepneHa TaK)Ke. l13 DOMMeJI.H****
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,n:OJI)l(Hhl ,n:aBaTh o,n:Horo ,n:o6poro Jiococ51. IIptt6hmaIOlll,Me M3 TttJI5I**** M Bcex
npHJieraIOlll,MX MeCT .UOJI)l(Hhl ,n:aBaTh c Ka)K,n:Oro Kopa6JI51 no O.UHOMY .n:o6poMY JiococIO B 3HaK yBa)KeHM51 M no ,n:Be ,n:eHapttaThl BMHa. IIptt6hmaIOlll,He H3
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.n:o IIacxM - 120 ceJih,n:eH: H ,n:Be ,n:eHapHaThl BMHa. IIptt6hmaIOlll,Me M3 l{eBeHTepa OT Ha"CJ:aJia He,n:eJIM IIpaBocJiaBM51 .n:o IIacxM ,n:OJI)l(Hhl ,n:aBaTh c Ka)K.n:oro Kopa6JI51 120 ceJih,n:eH:, OT IIacxM .n:o oceHH 20 yrpeH: M ,n:Be ,n:eHapttaThl BMHa.

* 1102 - 1124 rr.
** 1016-1047.
*** Ha Mo3eJie.
**** Ha BaaJie, pyKaB Hrrnrnero Pell.Ha.

369
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Birna. Ms Heiica** TaKJKe. Ms ,lleiini;a*** ,n;oJIJKHbI ,n;aBaTb 1 ,n;eHapIIii II 1 ,n;eHapIIaTy BJIHa. Ms KeJihHa ,n;oJIJKHbI ,n;aBaTh 4 ,n;eHapm1 II 1 ,n;eHapIIaTy BJIHa,
: oceHbIO CBepx Toro ,ll;OJIJKHbl .n;aBaTb c KaJK,n;oro Kopa6m1 1 Kpyr BOCKY II 1
JJ;eHapIIaTy BJIHa. Ms Maiimi;a ,n;oJIJKHbI ,n;aBaTb 4 ,n;eHapm1: II 1 ,n;eHapIIaTy
BHHa. Ms nIIHreHa JI Jloprna TaKJKe. Ms oOHHa TaKJKe. Ms BopMca II lliITeiiepa TaKJKe. Ms CTpac6ypra ,n;oJIJKHbI ,n;aBaTb 6 ,n;eHapIIeB JI 2 ,n;eHapIIaThI BJIHa.
Ilp1I6hrna10rn:He HS KoHcTaH11,a ,n;oJIJKHbI ,n;aBaTb 1 rneKeJib. Ms U10p1Ixa TaK. JKe; a KTO ITpIIBeseT Me,n;b, ,n;oJIJKeH ,n;aBaTb c KaJK,n;oro 11,eHTHepa (cententre)
no 4 .n;eHapmi. II p1I6brna10rn:He HS PereHc6ypra ,n;oJIJKHbI ,n;aBaTh 6 ,n;eHapIIeB
H 2 ,n;eHapIIaThI BJIHa. Ms B10p11,6ypra TaKJKe. Ilp1I6brna10m1Ie HS TpIIpa ,n;oJIJKHbI ,n;aBaTh 4 ,n;eHapm1 JI ,n;Be ,n;eHapIIaTbI BIIHa. Ilp1I6brna10rn:He HS MeT11,a
. ,z:i;oJIJKHbI ,n;aBaTb 8 ,n;eH. II 2 ,n;eHapIIaTbI BJIHa. Ms Tym1 TaK JKe.
KaJK,n;Oro BbIOKa**** yIIJial:JJIBaeTC51 4 ,n;.
ITOKYIIKII pa6a 4 ,n;. Ilpo,n;aBll,bl
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oyJioqHJIKII, KTO 6bI OHII HII 6bIJIII, MeCTHbie IIJIII ITplIIIIJlbie, ITpo,n;aIOrn:Jie
TaM XJie6, KaJK,n;oe BOCKpeceHbe OT,n;a,n;yT c6oprn:IIKY ITOIIIJIIIH ITO XJie6y IIJIII ITO
o6oJiy B ,n;Be He,n;eJIII. CaITOJKHIIKII, ITPIIIIIJlbie co CTOpOHbl, He ITOCMeIOT ITpo,z:i;aBaTb TaM o6yBh 6es pasperneHHH c6oprn:IIKa ITOIIIJIIIH IIJIII ero ITpIIKasqJIKa.
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MapTIIHa S ,n;eHapIIeB. By,n;eT .n;aH JIM c6op ITo,n;aTeii c caITOJKHIIKOB ITPIIIIIJibIX
OT ITpa3,n;HIIKa ,lleBbI MapIIII ,n;o ITpas,n;HIIKa CB. MapTIIHa*****. Asa 3TO OHII
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i llOIIIJIIIH ,n;acT JIM 6 ceKCTapIIeB BJIHa II Cblp, KaKOM MOJKHO ITO,ll;H51Tb 0,ll;HOM
pyKo~· B Ilpas,n;HIIK ,lleBhI MapIIII eITIICKOITCKIIii 3KOHOM 6y,n;eT IToJiyqaTh ITOJIOBIIHY ITOIIIJIIIHbl B TeqeHIIe 11,eJioro ,ll;H51 II ,n;Byx ITOJiy,n;Heii ...

c

c

c

NQ 85. BoT o6hl'IHhle phIHO'IHhle rroIWIHHhl (1036 r.)
y saKOHeHHbie pbrnoqHbie ITOIIIJIIIHbl B Appace, KOTOpbie CJiaBHbIM KOpOJib
'<DpaHll,IIII Tbepp1I, BO CITaCeHIIe CBoeii ,n;yIIIII II ,n;yrn CBOIIX ITpe,n;KOB II ITOTOMKOB, ,n;apoBaJI B MIIJIOCTbIHIO 11,epKBII Be,n;acTa-JICITOBe,ll;HJIKa Ha ITOJibSOBaHJie
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Bc51KIIM, KTO IIMeeT ITpe6hrnam:Ie BHe yKa3aHHblX ITpe,n;eJIOB, 6y,n;eT Jill OH
: HS ITPIIITJICaHHblX K CB. Be,n;acTy IIJllI HeT, a IIMeHHO sa MOCTOM Diles, sa
* Ha Peil:tte HIDKe KeJibtta.
** Ha Peil:tte BbIIIIe )..{Imrc6ypra.
· *** Ilponrn KeJibtta.
* * * * XapaKTeptto, 11To TaMO)KeHHbie
COBepIIIeHHO HeT ry)KeBOH rrepeB03KI1.
***** 15 aBrycTa - 11 H05!6p5I.

rroIIIJIHHbI B3HMaIOTC5l rro no.n.KaM 11 BbIOKaM 11

370
MOCTOM BeH.n;eH*' 3a MOCTOM 0HblI, 3a MOCTOM CaJibllIII, 3a )lem1pe ... II T . .n;.'

o6~I3aH rumTIITb pbrno~rny10 rroIIIJIIItty; BCHKIIM )Ke, KTO rrpe6brnaeT BHYTPII yKa3aHHbIX rrpe.n;eJIOB, 6y.n;eT Jill TO KJIIIPIIK IIJIII MIIpHHIIH, eCJIII TOJibKO OH TOproBe:u;, o6H3aH rrJiaTIITb pbrno~rny10 IIOllIJIIIHY CB. Be.n;aCTy, KpoMe rrpIIIIIICaHHhIX K CB. Be.n;acTy IIJIII K CB. MapIIII, 'ITO B ropo.n;e, -

rrJiaTIITb KaK c rrpo-

.n;a)l(II, TaK II c IIOK)'IIKII, a IIMeHHO: c cyKHa II 6oJiee KPYIIHbIX TOBapoB
IIOllIJIIIHa c Ka)l(,ll;bIX
COJIII,ll;OB

20

COJIII,ll;OB Becy paBHHeTCH

4

.n;eHapIIHM, a c

5

IIJIII

4

1 .n;eHapIIIO.

c MapKII - 6 .n;eH.
c cpyHTa - 4 .n;eH.
c 5 COJIII,ll;OB Beca - 1 .n;eH.
c 4 COJIII,ll;OB Beca - 1 .n;eH.
c 3 I I - I I 1 o6oJI.
c 2 I I - I I o6oJI.
C pbI6bI
C oceTpa -

4

.n;eH.

2 .n;eH.

C MOpCKOM CBIIHbII** C JIOCOCKII -

1 ,ll;eH.

c TeJie)l(KII ceJib,ll;eM,
poKOHHbIM B03] -

c B03a XJie6a,

1 .n;eH.

IIJIII IIaJIT)'COB, IIJIII TpeCKII -

EcJIII B03 Harpy)l(eH 6y.n;eT pb16o:H, TO c B03a -

4

.n;eH., a c AhillIJia [rra-

5 .n;eH.
4 .n;eH.

eCJIII O,ll;IIH B03 -

c :u;eHTa 6ellieHKII - 4 .n;eH.
c :u;eHTa KIITOBOfO MHCa (!) B K)'CKax
0Tpe3 (sulceus?) KIITOBOfO MHCa -

- 4 .n;eH.
1 .n;eH.

c pa3HbIX rrpe.n;MeTOB
Bee Jiap11, c KOTOpbIX rrpo.n;aIOTCH Ha IIJIOI:u;aAH CbeCTHbie rrp11rrach1, AOJI)l(HbI Ka)l(,ll;)'IO cy660Ty' XOTH 6bI BbipyqKa 6bIJia B o6oJI, IIJiaTIITb
TeJie)l(Ka c XJie6oM -

2

.n;eH.

TeJie)l(Ka co BCHKHMH IIJIO,ll;aMH TeJie)l(Ka CHHIIJibHIIKY TeJie)l(Ka 30JihI -

2

.n;eH.

2 .n;eH.

2 .n;eH.

TeJie)l(Ka c .n;epeBHHHO:H rrocy.n;o:H -

2 .n;eH.

TeJie)l(Ka coJIH rrJiaTIIT pbIHO'IHOro c6opa pHK -

1 o6oJI.

2 .n;eH.,

II 3a Ka)l(,ll;bIM llieCTe-

1 .n;eH.

B03 coJIH pbIHO'IHoro c6opa -

* Bee 6mrn Appaca.
* * Oco6bIH BM;:J; ;:i:eJibqmtta.

4 .n;eH.,

11 3a Ka)l(,ll;bIM lliecTepHK -

2 .n;eH.

371
I1

I

O)lJIH pa3 B rQJ( MepKy COJIII BMeCTO

1 J(eH.'

JI6o Mbl 00513aHbl J(aTb rpacpy

: ,ll;Ba MOJ(IIH COJIII B rQJ(.

1 J(eH.
9 JJ:eH.

TeJie)l{Ka c BMHOM B03 c BMHOM -

EcJIII BIIHO ITpOJ(aeTCH IIJllI ITOKyITaeTCH c ITpo6oii:, TO c Ka)K,n:Oro 6oqoHKa
' rrpoJ(aBeI] ITJiaTIIT

2 J(eH.'

J(a ITOKyITaTeJib

2

J(eH.

C )KJIBOTHbIX
C KOHH -

2 J(eH.

C KOpOBbl -

1 J(eH.

1 o6oJI.
C OBllhI 1 o6oJI.
C 6apaHa 1 o6oJI.
C K03hI 1 o6oJI.
Co CBIIHbM 1 o6oJI.
C ocJia -

;~

Co CBMHbM c ITOpocHTaMM cyHKaMM -

1

EcJIM KTO cTaHeT ITPOJJ:aBaTh MJIM ITOKyITaTb TPM ITpeJ(MeTa: 30JIOTO, Ko3y,

i

pa6a IIJllI pa6bIHIO, TOT HIIKOIIM o6pa30M OT YITJiaTbl pbIHO"l{HOro c6opa He oc-

1

B060)KJ(aeTC51, 6yJ(eT JIM OH II3 ITpmrncaHHblX K CB. Be.n.acTy IIJllI HeT.

i

~

c MHCHbIX TOBapoB

I

C oKopoKa BeT"l{IIHhI C caJia -

1 JJ:eH.

1 JJ:eH.

1 o6oJI.

c ITHTII COJIIIJ(OB Becy COJIOHIIHbl ITPIIB03HOM

--

1 J(eH .

. If·

c

~:.

JlapM c XOJICTaMM II cyKHaMM, HOBbIMII lIJllI ITOJ(ep)KaHHbIMII, B MeCHll

Jiapeii:, HaXOJ(HilllIXCH Ha IJJIOillaJ(lI

1 .lI,eH.
1 J(eH.

JlapM c BepeBKaMII, B MeCHll -

~·

JlapM c HO)KaMII ITO

~·i

JlapM TOproB11eB BOCKOBbIMII CBeqaMM -

'

Jlapb BCHKOro KY3He11a, B ITpa3J(HlIK CB. PeMMflIH (

1 HO)KY

B rQJ(.

I'Jlapb lIJllI HeCKOJibKO.

I
i

CBH3Ka

[30

-

4

J(eH.

1

1 o6oJI.

r

Ky3He11, ITpOJ(aIOilllIM cepITbl, -

B ro.n. ITO cepITy.

Ky3He11, ITPOJJ:a101111Iii: )KeJie3Hbie JIOITaThI, B roJJ: -

! a ITpOJ(aIOilllIM pyKOHTKII K
I

1 OKT516pH)

o6oJI.
CBH3Ka CTaJibHbIX ITPYTbeB -

f

COJIMJ(a B rGJ(, 6yJ(eT Jill OJ(lIH

rnTyK] )KeJie3HbIX ITPYTheB [JJ:JIH cJiecapHoii: HaJJ:06HoCTII] -

:.

l

3

IIpOJ(aBell

KOITIIM -

JIOITaTaM, B roJ( -

1 KOITbe

B rQJ(.

1 )KeJie3HYIO

1 pyKOHTKy.

JIOITaTy,

372
Jiapb eKOpIDIKa Ha IIJIOIIJ;a,ZJJ1, - KIDKAYIO ey66ury 1 o6oJI.' eeJIM rrpo.naeT
qTO-Htt6y,ZJ;b.
UeHT ~ITIDiqbe:H: rnepeTM - 4 .nett.
IlIKypa .s1rm1qb.s1 MJIM 6apaHh.H - 1 .nett.
IlIKypa rreeTpa.H HJIM 6eJIMqtt:H: Mex - 4 .nett.
KOrnaqheii MJIM KpOJIMqbe:H: IIIKypbl - 2 ,ZJ;eH.
Co IIIKYPhI oJieIDI - 1 .nett.
KO:>KM .ny6JieHOll - 1 o6oJI.
eoJIOHHHbl B 5 eOJIM,ll;OB - 1 o6oJI.
Co IIIKYPhI eBe:>Keii - 1 o6oJI.
Co eB.H3KM rnKyp [ 10 rnryK] - 2 .nett.
Jiapb e BepeBKaMM, B Mee.s1u; - 1 o6oJI.
MepKa Me.ny - 4 .nett ..
Jiapb TOproBu;a BOeKOBbIMM eBeqaMM, B Mee.Hu; - 1 o6oJI.
K.n.a.nh* MaeJia, BbIMepeHHa.H - 4 .nett.
EoJibrno:H: cpyttT rnepern:, rrp.H:>KM, :>Kttpa, MaeJia, attrJittileKoro eb1pa, pb1HOqH. IIOIIIJIMHbl - 3 ,ZJ;eH.
K.n.a.nb MaeJia, HeMepeH. - 4 .nett.
K.n.a.nb xJie6a - 1 o6oJI.
K.n.a.nb pb16b1 - 1 o6oJI.,
1 .nett. e 6oqKM e Tex, KTO o6.H3aH IIJiaTMTb pbrnoqHyIO IIOIIIJIMHy; a e Tex,
KTO He o6.s13att, - 1 o6oJI.
K.n.a,ZJ;b IIJIO,ZJ;OB - 1 o6oJI.
CB.H3Ka :>KeJie3HbIX HJIM eTaJibHhIX rrpyTbeB - 1 o6oJI.
rnepeTM, BeeoM B 5 eOJIM,ll;OB - 1 .nett.
rrp.H:>KM, BeeoM B 5 eOJIM,ll;OB - 1 ,ZJ;eH.
<l>yHT cpJiaMaH,ZJ;eKoro eb1pa - 2 ,ZJ;eH.
B BMAe pbrnoqtto:H: rrornJIMHbI e 6oqKM Bee rrJiaT.HT - 1 o6oJI.

c
c
c

c
c

NQ 86. Hap6oHHa. MaKJiepcKHe noIWIHHhl (XIII u.)
I. CTaBKM, KOTOpbie ,ll;OJI)KHbl 6bITb yrrJiaqMBaeMbl MaKJiepaM 3a Te TOBapbI, KOTOpbie OHM rrpo.naIOT.
3. UBeTHoe M 6eJioe cppattu;y3eKoe eyKHO ... 6 Hap6ottHeKMX .nettaptteB e
Kye Ka.
4. Kpaettoe eyKHO, oKparnettttoe KorneHHJihIO, - 12 .nettaptteB e KyeKa.
5. fpy3 (earga) KOIIIeHMJIM, e rpy3a, 2 eOJIM,ZJ;a.
6. <l>tt:>KaKeKoe, KarrepcKoe M A.n:b6tt:H:eKoe eyKHO, e KyeKa, 2 .nettapH.H.
7. JiepM,ll;eKoe eyKHO, KOpHqHeBoe M rryprrypoBoe, e 20 KaH 3 ,ZJ;eHapM.H.
*

E;1;irnH11,eii KJia;:J;H cqHTaeTc.s:r rpy3 ocJia -

Summa.

373
8. Hap6oHHCKoe cyKHO, qTo rrpo.n;aeTc.H Mettee, qeM sa 40 coJni.n;oB KycoK,
~ .z:i;ettap1di:.

9. fpy6bie IIOJIOTHa ( vintenas) H XOJICT, c KOp,ll;bI (corda) 1 .n;eHapH:H.
10. lllaMrraHCKHe IIOJIOTHa, qTo rrpo.n;aIOTC.H sa 15 COJIH.n;OB HJIH .n;opoiKe
:KycoK], c Kop.n;bI rroJI.n;eHapH.H (mesala).
II. Pe:H:MccKHe IIOJIOTHa B 7 KaH, c KycKa, 1 .n;eHapH:H.
13. 3TaMHH [TKaHb], c 12 Kop.n;, 2 Hap60HHCKHX .n;eHapH.H.
14. fieJia.H H u;BeTHa.H JIOM6ap.n;cKa.H 6yMaseH, c KYCKa, rroJI .n;ettapHH.
~
15. IlecTPa.H JIOM6ap.n;cKa.H H 6apceJIOHCKa.H 6yMase.H, c KycKa, 1 ttap6oHHP<Hii .n;ettapHH.
16. DeJia.H H Kparnetta.H 6apceJIOHCKa.H 6yMa3e.H, c KYCKa, rroJI Hap6oHHCKO~ .z:i;ettapm1.
17. Co BC.HKOro H3,ll;eJIH.H H3 OBqHHbI IIOJI Hap6oHHCKOro .n;ettapH.H.
18. Co IIIKYPbI 6b1Ka 1 Hap6oHHCKHH .n;ettapH:H.
20. Kop.n;oBCKa.H KOiKa H 6apaHbH IIIKYPhI, rro.n;6HTbie Kop.n;oBcKoii KOiKe:H,
: ,ll;IOiKHHbl, 2 Hap60HHCKHX .n;eHapH.H.
21. OJieHhH IIIKYPhI, c u;eHTa, 15 Hap6oHHCKHX .n;ettap11eB.
;,- 22. KpacHa.H Kop.n;oBCKa.H KOiKa, c .n;IOiKHHbI, TPH Hap6oHHCKHX .n;ettap11.H.
23 . .lly6JieHbie 6apaHbH IIIKypbI [c ,ll;IOiKHHbI], Hap60HHCKHH .n;ettap11:H.
24. KpoJiflqbH H 6eJIHqbH IIIKYPKH H 6apaHbH IIIKypbI, c u;eHTa, .n;Ba HapISoHHCKHX .n;ettapH.H.
25. KpoJI11q11:H Mex, sa Mex, 1 ttap6oHHCKHii .n;ettapH:H.
27. Co IIIKYPbI Bb1.n;pb1 1 Hap6oHHCKHii .n;ettapH:H.
29. lllKypbI K03JI.HT, c u;eHTa, 1 Hap6oHHCKHH .n;ettap11:H.
3Q, K11rrpcK11:H ... 11tt.n;11ro, c rpysa, 2 Hap6ottHCKHX coJIH.n;a.
:fi. Bc.HKHH .n;pyro:H 11tt.n;11ro, Kpacttoe .n;epeBo [KpacHJihHoe], Jia.n;aH 11 BC.Hme rrpHHOCTH, c rpysa, 12 .n;ettapHeB.
32. BocK 11 roJioBa caxapy, TO 11 .n;pyroe, c rpysa, 6 .n;ettap11eB.
33. KBacu;bI..., pHMCKHii TMHH, MHH.n;aJib, KaMe.n;h, qepHHJibHbIH opeIIIeK, ...
pHc, IIIepcTh Oana de pressez), JieH, KOHOIIJI.H, Me.n;b, JiaTyHh ... OJIOBO, iKeJiesllbie ropIIIKH, 6yprytt.n;CKa.H H HHa.H rrpoBOJIOKa, c Ka)K,ll;OfO rpysa, 6 .n;ettapHeB.
34. JKeJie30, c KBHHTaJia, 1 Hap60HHCKHH .n;eHapHH.
35. CTaJih, c KBHHTaJia, 1 ttap6oHHCKHH .n;eHapH:H.
37. IlleJIK Cblpeu;, c rpysa, 12 Hap60HHCKHX .n;eHapHeB.
38. llleJIK H IIIacppaH, c cpyHTa Toro H .n;pyroro, 1 Hap60HHCKHH .n;ettapHH.
39. BeJIHJia 11 TBep.n;oe MbIJIO, c rpysa, 6 Hap6oHHCKHX .n;eHap11eB.
) 40. JKH.n;KOe MbIJIO, c KBHHTaJia, 1 Hap60HHCKHH .n;ettap11:H.
41. TopT03CKa.H cMoJia, c KOp3HHbI (sporta), 1 Hap6oHHCKHii .n;ettap11:H.
42. IlIOHCCKa.H CMOJia, c KBHHTaJia, IIOJI Hap6oHHCKOro .n;eHapH.H.
43. KpyrrHqaTa.H MyKa, c KBHHTaJia, 2 Hap6oHHCKHX .n;ettap11.H.

374
44. Cmrne:u;, c rpy3a, 1 Hap6oHHCKHii .nettapnii.
45. <Dnrn, H3IOM, KaIIITaHbl, Me.n, cepa, KpacnJibHblM )KeJITHHK, .nerOTb,
COJIOHHHa, c KBHHTaJia, IIOJI Hap60HHCKOfO .nettapmL
46. Ilo.nrrpyrn, c 12 CB5130K (liam), 1 Hap6oHHCKHii .nettapnii.
47. TeTHBbI, c .ZJ:IO)l{HHbI, rroJI Hap6oHHCKoro .nettapH51.
48. BepeBKH (cordas mijanas), c .ZJ:IO)KHHbI, 1 ttap6oHHCKHii .nettapHii.
49. Opexn, c Menma, 2 Hap6oHHCKnx .nettapn51.
50. <DHHHKH, c KBHHTaJia, 2 Hap60HHCKHX .neHapH51.
51. MHH.ZJ:aJib B CKOpJiyrre, c ceTbe, 1 Hap60HHCKHM .nettapnii.
52 . .IKHp, CaJIO H Cbip, c KBHHTaJia, 1 Hap6oHHCKHM .neHapnii.
53. MacJio (pacTnTeJibHoe), c ceThe, 1 Hap6oHHCKHM .nettapnii.
54. Bntto, c MbIOH 2 ttap6oHHCKHX .nettapH51.
55. Po)l{b, c ceThe, 1 Hap6oHHCKnii .nettapnii.
56. JIOIIla.ZJ:H, 1ITO rrpo.naeTC51 3a 20 JIHBpOB HJIH .nopo)l{e, 2 Hap6oHHCKHX
COJIH.ZJ:a.
57. MyJia HJIH Bbl01IHOM JIOIIIa.ZJ:ll, 12 Hap60HHCKHX .nettapn:eB.
58. c OCJia 6 Hap60HHCKHX .nettapHeB ...
59. c rpy3a MbITOM IIIepCTH ... 3 Hap60HHCKHX .nettapn51, a c rpy3a HeMbITOM IIIepcTH rroJITopa ttap6oHHCKHX .nettapH51.
60.
6bIKa 6 Hap60HHCKHX .nettapneB.
61. 0B:U:bl H K03bl, c .ZJ:IO)KHHbl, 4 Hap60HHCKHX .neHapn51.
62. HaKoHeqmmn: Korrn::H H MeTaJIJin:qecKHe rrJiacTHHKH, c 6oJibIIIoii .n10)l{lIHbI (dotzena grossa), 3 ttap6oHHCKHX .nettapH51.
63. CrpeMeHa, c MaJioii .ZJ:IO)l{HHbI (dotzena pausa), 3 ttap6oHHCKHX .nettapll51.
64. lllrropbI, c .ZJ:IO)KHHbl, 2 Hap60HHCKHX .nettapH51.
65. lllepCT51Hbie O.ZJ:e51Jia, c .ZJ:IO)l{HHbl, 3 Hap6oHHCKHX .neHapH51.
66. KapaKaTn::u;a, c :u;eHTa, 1 Hap6ottHCKHii ,n:ettapnii.
67. lfaIIIKH, c TbIC511IH, 5 Hap6oHHCKHX .nettapn:eB.
68. 06pa6oTaHHbIM 6yKc, c TbIC511IH, 3 Hap60HHCKHX .nettapH51.
69. Heo6pa6oTaHHbIM 6yKc, c TbIC511IH, 1 ttap6oHHCKHii .nettapHii.
70. 3epKaJia, c :u;eHTa, 1 Hap6oHHCKHM .nettapHii.
71. JlO)KKH, c TbIC511IH, 3 Hap6oHHCKHX ,n:ettapH51.
72. Cepe6po, c rroJI cpyttrn (mare), rroJI ttap6oHHCKoro .nettapn51.
73. 3oJIOTO, c IIOJicpyHTa, 12 Hap60HHCKHX .nettapn:eB.
74. Bc5IKOe 3eMeJibHOe BJia.ZJ:eHHe B ropo.ne, c JIHBpa [cTOHMOCTH], 1 Hap6ottHCKHM .nettapuii.
75. Bc51Koe 3eMeJihHoe BJia.nettne BHe ropo.na, c JIHBpa, 2 ttap6oHHCKHX
.neHapn51.
76. Bn:ttorpa.n, CKOJibKO MO)l{eT IIO.ZJ:H51Tb MYJI (saumoda), rroJI Hap6oHHCKoro .nettap1uI.

c

c

c

375
78.

IlaHUllpb ... ' c cpyHTa,

81.

EyMara, c Kopo6KH (caissa),

2

83.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.

KopsHHbI, c AKDKHHbI, 1101rnap60HHCKOro AeHapm1.

Hap60HHCKllX AeHap1rn:.

6

Hap6oHHCKHX AeHap11eB.

Ko11eprH, c AIO:>KllHbI, 1101rnap60HHCKoro AeHapm1.
CornH11K11 M MOTbirM, c AIO:>KMHbI, 1101rnap60HHCKoro AeHapM51.
CrnKaHbl, c COTHM,

1 Hap6oHHCKMH

AeHapMH.

CocyAbI, B 110.71 Mepb1 (mieja migeira) c cornM,

1 Hap6oHHCKHH AeHapMM:.

Co BC51KOro TOBapa, KOTOpbIH AOCTaBHBilIMH, MJIM AOCTaBMBilla51 ero,

:Mll ayKUMOHMCT, rrpoAaCT sa

2 cOJIMAa MJIH AerneBJie,

:t:roJIHap6oHHCKOro AeHapH51; eCJIM sa ueHy OT
fZKllll AeHapHtt; eCJill sa ueHy OT
1,heHapM5I; eCJIM sa

20

2

AOJI:>KHO 6bITb y11Jia11eHo

COJIMAOB AO

10,

TO

1 Hap60HH-

10 COJIHAOB AO 20, TO 3 Hap6oHHCKMX 110Jiy2 AeHapM51; Mc .3TOH ueHbl BBepx [AOJI:>KHO

COJIMAOB, TO

'6bITb y11Jia11eHO] 110 BbIIlleCKa3aHHOMY pac11eTy' sa MCKJII01leHHeM Toro, 1lTO
CkasaHO BbIIlle 0 Hap60HHCKllX cyKHax.

90. 11

Ta ueHa, KOT0pa516yAeT11peAJIO:>KeHa sa TOBap Ha ayKUlIOHe, AOJI)l(-

'Ha OCTaBaTbC51 6es M3MeHeHll51, llOCJie Toro, KaK OHa 6yAeT 11peAJIO:>KeHa, B Te'qeHHe BCero Toro AH51.

11

TOT, KTO 11peAJIO./KllT .3TY ueHy, He llMeeT 11paBa OT-

' KasaTbCH OT Hee B Te11em1e Bcero Toro AHR.

91.

c TOprOBOH CAeJIKM M c

sa:H:Ma, KaKMe 6yAyT 3aKJII01leHbl, c JIMBpa,

'Il0.71 Hap60HHCKOro AeHapMH.

92.

Co CAeJIKM saM:Ma, KorAa saHMMaeTCH MMyru:ecTBo, KOTopoe TYT ./Ke

6yAeT 11po.n.aHo, ,ll,OJI.IKHO 6bITb yn.71a11eHo c MMyru:ecTBa, a He c .n.eHapMeB*, M
1MaKJiep He ,ll,OJI)l(eH llOJIY1lMTb 6oJiee OAHOM CTaBKM (reva) c Ka:>KAOro, T.e. c
JxaIO:rn:ero B3aMMbI, llMeHHO Toro, KOTOpbIM 110./KeJiaeT .n.aTb B3aHMbl, c rroKynate.7151 M c rrpo.n.aBua.

·~·. HM O,ll,llH MaKJiep He ,ll,OJI)l(eH saHMMaTb 110,ll, 3aJIOr, KOTOpblM eMy 6y,neT ,ll,OBepeH Ha xpaHeHMe, CBepx TOM cyMMbl, KOTopyIO saeM:W:MK eMy 11opy1lllT 3aHHTb.

94.

HM 0,ll,MH MaKJiep He ,ll,OJI./KeH MMeTb B CBOeM ,ll,OMe 6oJiee O,ll,HOro y11a-

1CTHMKa.

~

95.

HM 0,ll,HH MaKJiep He ,ll,OJI./KeH llMeTb AOJIM HM B KaKOM MMyru:ecTBe,

I<OTOpoe OH llOKy11aeT OT .n.pyroro JIMUa MJIM 11po.n.aeT ,ll,.71.H .n.pyroro JIMUa, M He
;,nOJI./KeH .n.011ycKaTb, 1lT06bI TO JlllUO, KOTOpoe HBJIHeTC51 ero y11aCTHMKOM ll y

lxoToporo Jie.IKHT ero Ka11HTaJI,

t.

96. y CTaHOBJieHo,

HMeJio ,ll,OJIIO B .3TOM HMyru:ecTBe.

1lT06bI Bee BbIIlleCKa3aHHbie CTaBKlI 6bIJill yITJia1lHBaeMbI,

~kaK CKa3aHO, Hap6oHHCKllMH .n.eHapll51Mll.

"' KoTOpbre 3a Hero 6yJJ.yT yrnra'leHbI, HJIH 3a KOTOpbre OHO 6yJJ.eT rrpoJJ.aHo?

376

N2 87. 0 noIWIHHax. H3 nocTaHoBJieHHH
«HMnepcKoro MHpa» HMnepaTopa <l>pffApHXa II
B Ma:H:Hn;e. 15 aBrycTa 1235 r.

7.

EcJIII npIIKOCHOBeHIIe K qy)l(oMy HMylll,ecrny 6e3 Be,n;oMa X03HIIHa npo-

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nocJie CMepTII 6o)l(eCTBeHHOH naMHTII po,n;IITeJIH Ramero, IIMnepaTopa feHpIIxa, 6bIJill COBepmeHHO OTMeHeHbl, eCJIII TOT, KOTOpbIIl IIMeeT npaBO nollIJIIIHbl,
He ,lI;OKa)l(eT, KaK TO Tpe6yeTCH, nepe.n; JIIIU:OM llMnepaTopa, qTo OH .n;ep)l(IIT
nomJIIIHY no npaBy. TaK)l(e Mbl noCTaHOBJrneM, qTo6bI Ha,n;6aBKa BCHKIIX nomJIIIH 6bIJia OTMeHeHa II COBepmeHHO npeKpaTIIJiaCb, II qTo6bI nomJIIIHa OCTaBaJiaCb B npe)l(HeM nOJIO)l(eHHOM pa3Mepe. EcJIII )Ke KTO-JIII6o OKa)l(eTCH HapymHTeJieM 3TOrO Ramero nocTaHOBJieHIIH IIJIII CTaHeT HaCIIJibCTBeHHO BbIMOfaTb qTO-Jill60 CBepx noJIO)l(eHHoro no yCTaBy II B HeyKa3aHHOM MeCTe, TO
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c KOTOpbIX OHII noJiyqaIOT nomJIIIHbI, o6ecneqIIBaJIII MIIp, 6e3onaCHOCTb II conpoBO)l(,lJ;eHIIe, CJIOBOM, qT06bI OHII Ha npOTH)l(eHIIII CBoero yqacTKa HIIqero He
ynycKaJIII, BepHO CJIY)l(a no Mepe CIIJI CBOIIX.

A

KTO TplI)l(.lJ;bl YJIJiqeH 6y,n;eT no

3aKOHY nepe.n; HaMII B TOM, qTo OH He co6JIIOJI 3TOro nocTaHOBJieHIIH, nyCTb
BepHeT npaBO nomJillHbl rocno,n;IIHY' OT KOTOporo OH ero .n;ep)l(IIT.

8.

CBepx Toro, cTporo ttaKa3bIBaeM, qT06b1 rocno.n;a II ropo.n;a no.n; npe.n;-

JioroM coopy)l(eHIIH yKpenJieHIIH IIJIII no .n;pyroiI KaKoiI-m160 npIIq11He He ycTaHOBJIHJIII nomJIIIH II no6opoB, B rrpoCTopeqmf Ha3blBaeMbIX ungelt, c npIImJibIX II qy)l(HX, lIJill c llX IIMylll,eCTBa, HO nycTb BCHKllM rocno,n;IIH CTpOIIT Ha
CBOM cqeT IIJIII Ha cqeT CBOIIX JIIO,n;eiI; HapymHTeJieiI )Ke 3TOro Ramero yKa3a,
KaK pa360HHIIKOB Ha 6oJibmOH .n;opore, HaKa3bIBaTb.

9.

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O,lI;llH IIJIII o6a .n;ep)l(aT .n;opO)l(HYIO nomJIIIHY IIJIII KOHBOM, TO HII O,lI;IIH ll3 HIIX
II B006Ill,e HIIKTO He ,lI;OJI)l(eH nOXIIIll,aTb qero-JIII6o y npoe3)1(IIX B OTMeCTKY 3a
npoBIIHHOCTb Toro, B qbIIX pyKax Haxo,n;IITCH npaBo nollIJIIIHbI II KOHBOH. KTo
ITOCTYIIIIT BOnpeKII 3TOMy, rryCTb 6y,ZJ,eT HaKa3aH KaK HBHblM rpa6iueJib.

10.

Mb1 npe,ZJ,nIIcbrnaeM TaK)l(e ,ZJ,ep)l(aTbCH Bcer,ZJ,a rry6JIIIqHbIX ,ZJ,opor, a

qaCTHbIX II36eraTb COBepmeHHO.

11.

TBep)J.o ycrnHOBJIHeM coBepmeHHO rrpeKpaTIITb BCHKIIH qeKaH MOHeTbI,

yCTaHOBJieHHbIM r)J,e 6bI TO Hll 6bIJIO II KeM 6bI TO HII 6bIJIO nocJie CMepTII

377
iKecTBeHHOH naMHTM po,n:MTe.IDI Harnero, MMnepaTopa

f eHpMxa,

pa3Be TOJibKO

OJib3YIOlll.MHCH 3TMM npaBOM JJ:OKaiKeT nepe.n: HaMM, KaK TO Tpe6yeTCH, qTo OH
OJiyqJIJI npaBO qeKaHa OT MMnepaTopa.

A

KTO CTaHeT qeKaHMTb MOHeTy He-

OHHO, nycTb 6y.n:eT HaKa3aH KaK no,n:,n:eJibIBaTeJib. CTapHHHOe iKe MOHeToe npaao 6y,n:eT oxpaHHTbCH ...

88. IlOIIIJIHHhl c cyµ;oB 3a IVIaBaHHe no CeHe, BBepx H BHH3
no TeqeHHIO, OT yen.JI µ;o ApoqHoro MOCTa (1315 r., 8 HIOJIJI)
Q

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3aCBM,n:eTeJibCTBOBaHHaH Komm, c,n:eJiaHHaH B npIICYTCTBl:UI IlapIIiKCKOfO
apJiaMeHTa, 3a KOpOJieBCKOIO neqaTbIO, 8-ro MIOJIH

1315

ro,n:a.

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1.

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IlOt{HMMaHCb OT MOpR .n:o ynoMHHYTOro MaHTCKOro MOCTa, npoe3iKaH B TOM lI
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peKe MeiK,[{Y yrroMHHYTbIM IlapMiKCKHM MOCTOM lI MOCTOM MaHTCKMM. TyT HM

B qeM He ,[{OJliKHO 6bITb HaHeceHO ylll,ep6a MJIM yxy.n;rneHMH, 3a MCKJIJOqeHMeM
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CHJIY BMKOHTCKOro npaBa Ha BO)l;bl lI .n.pyrMX o6bl"lJHbIX ero npaB lI CTapMHHblX

378
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BB03MTh o6paTHO l1 OTCbIJiaTb o6paTHO, KaK HM 6y,a:eT yrontto, lI rrponaBaTb I1
ToproBaTh B ropone Pyatte Ha sone M Ha cyIIIe CTOJih JKe cBo6ontto, KaK am
,a:eJiaIOT Kyrru;hI M ropoJKaHe PyaHa, M Bee 3TO corJiactto ToMy, KaK OHH rrpMBhIKJIM ,a:eJiaTh, KOr,a:a yrroMHHYThIH MOCT 6bIJI OTKpbIT, lI 3a Bee 3TO yrroMHHyThIH ceHbOp AOJIJKeH 6bIJI B3hICKl1BaTh B BM,a:e ,a:opOIKHOH IIOIIIJIMHbl HHJKe o6b5IBJieHHbie CTaBKM co BCHKOI'O po,a:a 11MymecTBa lI TOBapoB, HarpyJKeHHhIX Ha
rrpoTHJKemrn yrroMHHyToro BO,a:Horo rryTM OT Toro MecTa, r,a:e Cetta srranaeT B
Mope, ,a:o ApoqHoro MOCTa (Pont d' Arches), KaK BBepx, TaK lI BHM3 ITO TeqeHl1IO, OTKy,a:a 6bI Hl1 rrpoMcxonMJIM TOBapbI lI Ky,a:a 6bI MX Hl1 Be3JIM, Ha cyMMy no 60.000 rrapl11KCKMX JII1BpOB, lI KaKoro 6hI 3BaHl151 JIIOAHM OHM Hl1 rrpMHa,a:JieJKaJIM, 3a MCKJIIOqeHMeM BCHKOfO KJII1pMKa l1 BC5IK0f0 3HaTHOfO, KOTOpbie He AOJIJKHhl TOproBaTh, l1 3a MCKJIIOqeHMeM ropoJKaH Pyatta, IIOKa
yrroMHHYThIH ceHbOp He 113nacT l1HOfO rrp11Ka3a.
2. IlIIIeH11u;a, OBec l1 BCHKMH l1HOH 3epHOBOH XJie6 c KJiatJ:l1* KaqecTBOM 8
netthe - 3a Mepy 4 cy.
3. BMHO cppattu;y3cKoe, 3a 6oqKy 40 ;:i:etthe.
4. BMHO OKCeppcKoe, 3a 6oqKy 5 cy.
5. BMHO M3 Beane M Saint-Poirsaint, cqwra51 ,a:Be IIOJIYooqKM 3a o,a:tty 6oqKy,
3a IIITJKY 5 cy.
6. BMHO 113 Saint-Jehan B AttJKy M facKoHcKoe, 3a IIITJKY 7 cy.
7. BMHO 113 Garnache, 3a rroJiy6oqKy 20 cy.
8. BMHO rpeqecKoe l1 MCIIaHCKOe, 3a 6oqKy 10 cy.
9. YKcyc M BHHorpa,a:HhIH coK, 3a 6oqKy 20 cy.
10. CM,a:p, 3a 6oqKy 10 ,a:etthe.
11. CoJih KpyrrttaH, 3a rroJIMepbI 20 netthe.
12. CoJih aHrJIHHCKM M BCHKaH ,a:pyraH MeJIKaH, 3a rroJIMephI 2 cy 6 ,a:eHhe, a 3a Mepy 4 cy 2 ,a:etthe.
13. CeJihtJ:h 6eJiaH, 3a ThICHqy 13 ;:i:ettbe.
14. CeJih.zlh KorrqeHaH, 3a Thic.sJqy 10 ,a:ettbe.
15. TpecKa 11 yrp11 coJieHhie, 3a cm mrnpos 2 cy 6 ;:i:ettbe.
16. JiocoCMHa COJieHaH, 3a CTO JIMBpOB 5 cy.
17. MaKpeJIM M ,a:opIIIM coJieHhre, 3a cTo JIHBpos 7 ,a:.
18. KIITOBhIH IKIIp CBeJKHH, 3a CTO JIMBpOB 3 c. 4 ,a:.
19. KIITOBhIH JKIIp cTaphIH, 3a cm JIMBpoB 5 c. 20 ,a:.
20. KapaKaTMil;hI 3a Th1c51qy 3 c. 4 ,a: ..
21. CoJieHM pb16Ka, 3a ThicHqy 10 ,a:.

*

Et1.HHHU,eii KJiatJ,H C'IHTaJIC.H rpya ocJia.

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170.

379

.,

22.
23.
24.
25.
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15 J.J. •

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20 J.J..

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10

26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
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cy.

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10

c.

100 cpyHTOB 7 J.J..
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P11c o6bIKHOBeHHbiii: 11 KpacHbiii:, 3a 100 cpyHTOB 7 J.J..
<Dlffll II 113IOM llCIIaHCKllH, 3a MepKy 10 J.J..
<D11rJI c MaJibTbI, 3a IllTYKY [? ] 10 .n;.

MacJio, 3a

Ko)Ka JI3 CeBJIJibll, 3cTpeMaJ.J.YPbI JI IIopTyraJIJIJI 3a lot.

39.

5 cy.

Ko)Ka JI3 I1pJiaHJ.J.JIJI, IlloTJiaHtt;JIJI JI MapoKKO, JI BCHKaR .n;pyraH

KO)Ka, lot.

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49.
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57.

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79.

IllepcTu attr.llliii:cKaH, IllOTJiaII,ll,CKaH JI HpJiaII,ll,CKa51 3a BepHbIB MelllOK

fopqm.i;a -

a 6e3 KOp3JIHbI -

no CTOJIMOCTJI.

20 .n;.
KJiaJ.J.b 20 LI,.
10 .n;.
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Ilepo JI3 AHrJIJIJI, 3a cTo JillBpoB
KaMeHHbIH yroJih, 3a rroJiyMepy

80.
81.
90.
9"it.
92.
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7

16 cy.

LI,.

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40 LI,.
JIJIBpOB 20 .ll;.

Ilp5I)Ka JillOHCKAA, 3a CTO JIJIBpOB
Ilp5I)Ka IIeHbKOBaH, 3a CTO
Ky.n;eJib JicrrattcKaH

20

LI,.

I1 BC51Klle ,l.l,pyrJie rrpJirraCbI rrp11MeHJITeJibHO K BbIIllerrpJIBeJ],eHHbIM

ueHaM, JI BCH 3Ta pacu;eHKa c.n;eJiaHa no TypcKoii: MoHeTe.

NQ 90. KyneqecKaJI

l'H.llh,lJ;HJI

BoT 06b1qaJI KyrreqecKoii rJIJibtt;JIM

1.

EcJIM KaKoii:-Jm6o Kyrreu:, rrpe6hrnaIOIUJiii: B HallleM ropo.n;e JIJill B rrpM-

ropoLI.e, He IIO)KeJiaeT BCTYIIMTb B HaIIIY rMJibLl,~IO II, OTrrpaBllBillllCb KyJ.J.a-JIJI6o,
6yJ.J.eT rrporHaH, MJili JllllllMTC51 CBOero MMymecTBa, MJlll 6yLI.eT BbI3BaH Ha rroe,n;llHOK, TO Mbl HllKOllM o6pa30M 3a Hero He 3aCTYIIllMC51.

2.

ECJill KTO-JI1160 113 HerliJibJ.J.eii:cKllX rrp11TopryeT KaKJie-JI1160 CbeCTHbie

np11rraCbI MJill qTO-Jm6o IIOJ.J.06ttoe, II KTO-JIJI6o JI3 rllJibJ],eHCKJIX BMelllaeTC51,
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380
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5

6oJibllIHX COJIH,ll,OB H BbIIIIe, a KTO-

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H3 fMJib,ll,HM MO)KHO 6y.n.eT ycTaHOBMTb, "l!TO OH OTKa3bIBaJI eMy Bero ,ll,OJie, TO
OH 3aIIJiaTHT llITpacp B ,ll,Ba COJIM,ll,a.

3.

c HacryIIJieHHeM BpeMeHM IIHTHSI IIOJiaraeTCSI, lJTOObl .n.eKaHbl yBe,ll,OMM-

JIH CBOH KaIIHTYJI B Ha3HaqeHHbIH .n.eHb rrpHHSITb y"llaCTHe B IIHTMe H rrpe.n.rrHCaJIM, qTo6bI OHM MHpHo SIBHJIHCb B .n.eBSITOM -qacy Ha CBOe MeCTo H "l!T06bI HMKTO He 3aTeBaJI ccopbl, IIOMHHaH CTapoe mm He,ll,aBHee.

4.

IlocTaHOBJieHO Ta.K)Ke, qTQ ecJIH KTO rrpMBe,ll,eT c co6oH: Ha rrorroH:Ky KOro-

12

HH6y.n.h, CbIHa, IIJieMSIHHMKa HJIM cJiyry CBoero, TO 3a Ka)K,ZJ;OfO 3arrJiaTMT
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5.

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IIHTb TaHKOM H 6y.n;eT HaKpbIT rrpH BbIIIMBaHHH, TO 3aIIJiaTMT

5 60JibllIHX

co-

JIH,ZJ;OB, JIH6o rryCTb TYT )Ke BKYIIHTCSI B fHJib,ll,HIO; OTCIO,ll,a MCKJIIO"l!aeM KJIHpHKOB, pb1uape:H: If -qy)Ke3eMHblX KYIIUOB.

6.

EcJIM KTO rrpHHeceT B fMJib,ll,fOJIJIY rnaxMaTbl MJIM KOCTH, TO yrrJiaTMT

IIOJI YHUMM cepe6pa IDIH

8.

10 .n;eHapMeB.

EcJIM KTO y.n.apHT KOfO-HH6y.n;b KyJiaKOM, HJIM XJie6oM, HJIH KaMHeM, a

K .n;pyroMy opy)KHIO He rrpH6erHeT, -

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10. furn: KID B mere Ha ~yroro BCKO"l!HT co cooero Mecra, yrrJiaTIIT OJUIY ~·
11.
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yrrJiaTHT IIOJI yHUHH.

13.

Jie3Hb, yrrJiaTHT

14.

12
6o-

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12

.n.eHapHeB.

3a BCHKYIO rnyrroCTb, CJIOBOM IDIM .ll:eJIOM, B Te"l!em1e .ll:BYX ,ll,He:H: rrorro:H:-

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TaK 6b1JI0 orrpe,n:eJieHo BO BpeMeHa KaCTemrna fyJiypMKa Pa6eJih*.

15.

IlocTaHOBJieHO, qTo Ha BMHO Ii Bee, Heo6xo,n:HMOe ,n:JIH fll.Jlb.ll:ll.M, pac-

XO.ll:bl IIOKpbIBaIOTCH fIDlb,ll,eHCKHM HMymecTBOM.

16.

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38t
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Icao6o.n.HbI.

l

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: H pacnpe,neJieHbI coo6pasHo cnpaBe,ll,JllIBOCTH, Ka)l{,ZJ;bIH .n.eKaH nonyqaeT y ce6.H
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i

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NQ 91. CyKoHHaJI raH3a (nonoBHHa XIII u.)
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NQ 92. raH3a ceMH~aTH cyKOHHhlX ropo,r1;ou

(1343 - 1344 rr., MaPT)
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382
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rpa)K-

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6h1J1oe BpeMH Y"'IHHeHHbie HeKHMH JIH.QaMH.

383

N293.raHaa
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24 lIIOIDI [1260-1264 IT.];

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1265 r.

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1.

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t .n;ep)l(KH

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)laJiee, ecJIH B CTpaHe 6y,ZJ,eT BOHHa, HH O,ZJ,HH ropo,ZJ, H3-3a 3TOro He cTa-

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,lJ,OB, I1 Harp51HeT rrepBaH )l(eHa I1 IIOTpe6yeT ero I1 cyMeeT IIO,ZJ,XO,ZJ,HID.HMH CBH.n;eTeJIHMH ,ZJ,OKa3aTb TO, 1ITO OH ee 3aKOHHbIM My)I(, TO OH 6y,ZJ,eT o6e3rJiaBJieH.

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HacTOHID.ee perneHHe ,ZJ,eHCTBHTeJibHO Ha O,l],HH ro,ZJ,, a KaK IIOCJie 3T0f0 rro-

I

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.pa,ZJ,H ,ZJ,eJI ropo,ZJ,oB*.

5.

)laJiee, eCJIH Ha MOpHX co6epyTC51 IIHpaTbl, BCe ropo,ZJ,a ,ZJ,OJI)l(Hbl, coo6-

J>a3HO pacKJia,ZJ,Ke, rrpon3BO,ZJ,HTb 3aTpaTbI Ha YHH1ITO)l(eHHe HX.

*

fatt3a em,e He 'IYBCTByeT ce6.R npo'IHbIM H IIOCTO.RHHbIM COI030M; Otta, CKopee,
BpeMeHHOe H cpO'IHoe coe~HHeHHe «ropo~OB».

384
N2

94. PeHHC:KHH COI03: C'I>e3~. 1254-1256 rr.
I.

C'hea~ B

Maibm;e 13

HIOJI.H

1254 r.

Bo IIMH Cmrroil H Hepa3.l1,eJlbHOM TpoHIJ:bI. AMHHh. Cy.n.hII II KOHCYJibI H Bee
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ropo.l1,0B, KJ15ITBeHHO CB.H3aHHbIX COI030M CB.HllleHHOfO MIIpa, rrpIIBeT BCeM BepHblM BO XpIIcTe BO IIM5I Toro, KTo 3IIJK.lJ.HTeJib MIIpa II IIcToqHIIK crraceHHH.

1.

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H3.l1,aBHa B KOHeu pasopIIJIH MHOfIIX II3 Hanrnx H rrpIIBeJIII K yna.n.Ky MHOrIIX
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Ha 3TOM MHpe BMeCTe c HaMII rrpHC.HfHYJIII TaKJKe II .lJ.OCTOIIOqTeHHbie

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* 13

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385
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p 6y,n:eT HapyrneH, yrrowrnyThie qernepo, rrpe,n:Ha3HaIJ:eHHbie .ll:JI5I 3TOH .ueJIM
HbopaMII lIJilI ropo.n:aMM, co6epyTc51 M3-3a HapyrneHlIH MIIpa, a TaK>Ke ,n:JIH
cy)l(,n:eHM51 ,n:eJia 0 MHpe lI 6y,n:yT o6cy)l(,n:aTb o6rn:lIM COBeTOM, KaK MQ)l(HQ
OIJ:eTHbIM crroco6oM rrorrpaBMTb ,n:eJIO M BOCCTaHOBMTb CBHll{eHHbIH Mlip.

II. Co6paHHe
.•

Bo MMH focrro,n:He, aMMHb.

B

BopMce. 6 oKTH6pH 1254 r.

B 1254 ro.n;y,

B He.n;eJIID CB. MHxaiwa B ropo-

·, e BopMce co6paJilICb Boe,n:MHO MbI, CB513aHHhie rrpIIcHroli ,n:AA oxpaHbI MIIpa,
po.n;a, KaK BepXHlie, TaK lI HlI)l(Hlie, lIMeJilI Cbe3.n; lI Tll{aTeJibHO o6cy)l(,n:aJilI
' , IJ:TO KacaeTC51 o6rn:ero MMpa, BO CJiaBy Bora lI MaTeplI Harnell:, CB5ITOH .uepKH, a TaK)l(e lI CB51ll{eHHOH lIMIIepMlI, BO rJiaBe KOTOpoil HbIHe CTOlIT CBeTJieiiHH rocy.n;apb Harn BHJibreJibM*, KOpOJib PMMCKlIH ...

1.

Bo-rrepBbIX, Mbl IIOCTaHOBJI51eM, IJ:TO He CTaHeM COBeprnaTb HlIKaKHX

oxo.n;oB HHaIJ:e, KaK no o6rn:eMy lI 3peJioMy o6cy)l(,n:eHlIID Bcex ropo,n:oB, II

i

pHTOM rrpe)l(.ZJ:e BCero B TaKMe MeCTa, r.n:e OHM Han6oJiee Heo6xo.n;IIMbI, B3aIIMo IIOMOrM .n:pyr .n:pyry no Mepe ClIJI M paBHOMepHO Hee.SI Bee T5IrOTbI.

2.

"'

TaK)l(e rrocTaHOBMJilI MbI, IJ:T06b1 HlI o,n:HoMy ceHbopy, rrponrnHIIKY 3a-

ID"l!eHHOro HaMH Ha IIpHC.Sire MMpa, HlI O.lJ:HH ropo.n: He .n:ocTaBJI51JI rrplirracoB,

'H O.lJ:lIH ceHbOp, CB.SI3aHHblll c HaMlI .n:oroBopoM, He .ZJ:OCTaBJI.SIJI opy)l(II.SI lIJIII
,,
;ni:wroro BCIIOMO)l(eHlI.SI, HlIKTO, HM xpIICTliaHe, HlI eBpeII.

3.

TaK)l(e IJ:T06bI He OKa3blBaJIOCb HlIKaKoro Kpe,n:IITa lI He .n;aBaJIOCb HlI-

aKoro 3aHMa B ropo.n:ax HarnlIX TeM, KTO rrpOTlIBHlIK Mlipa lI Harn.

"e

4.

TaK)l(e MbI IIOCTaHOBMJilI, IJ:T06bI HlIKTO lI3 rpa)l(.ZJ:aH HlI B O.ZJ:HOM ropo-

He lIMeJI c HHMM HlIKaKoro o6rn:eHII.SI HlI COBeTOM, HH IIOMOll{bID, HII O.lJ:OJI-

eHHeM; TaK IJ:TO eCJilI 3TO CTaHeT lI3BeCTHhIM II OIJ:eBlI.lJ:HbIM, a lIMeHHO, MO)l(0 6y.n;eT ,n:oKa3aTb 3TO ero co6cTBeHHbIMlI CJIOBaMlI, TO BlIHOBHbIH lI3rHaH 6yeT lI3 ropo.n:a, a c .ZJ:BlI)l(HMOro H He.n;BlI)l(IIMOro era lIMyrn:ecTBa B3bICKaHo
y.n;eT CTOJlbKO, IJ:T06bI .n:pyrlIM Brrpe.n;b 6bIJIO HerroBa,n:HO.

S.
1 bOpa,

TaK)l(e ecJilI KTO-HII6y.n;h M3 pb1.uapeii 3a rrpe.n;eJiaMII 3eMeJib cBoero ceBpa)l(.n:e6Horo HaM, rrpecJie.n;yeT Hae lIJllI yTeCmieT, IIOMOrM CBOeMy

eHbopy rrpOTHB o6rn:ero Mlipa, TO MbI 3aIIpHMeTHM ce6e 3TO JIH.UO lI rroCTyrrlI ero, KTO 6bI 3TO HlI 6bIJI, .n:a6bI pacnJiaTlITbC.SI c HlIM KaKlIM-HII6y,n:b crroOM. EcJilI )Ke OH 6y,n:eT CXBaIJ:eH B KaKOM-HII6y.n;b ropo.n;e, TO Mbl 3a.zi:ep)l(HM
•

BHJibfCJibM foJIJiatti'(CKHH (

1248 - 1256

rr.)

386
ero ,n:o Ha,n:Jie:>Kamero y,n:oBJiernopemur. EeJIII

:>Ke

BIIJIJiaHhI, L{JI.sI KOTOpbIX Mbl

XOTIIM 6bITb xpamueJIHMII II 3alll,IITHHKaMH OT o6IIL{, e HaMH B MHpe, -

pa3 OHM 6y,n:yT )KlITb

BbieTyrr.siT rrpoTIIB Hae, TO Mbl BOCeTaHeM Ha HHX e tJ:OJI)K-

HbIM B03Me3,n:HeM II, exBaTHB IIX, HaKa:>KeM IIX B ropo,n:e, KaK 3JIO,n:eeB Hanrnx.

6.

TaK:>Ke MbI :>KeJiaeM, 'IT06br Bee ropo,n:a rrpIIBJieKJIII II rrpIIT.sinyJIII K

ee6e

ey,n:a e 6JIII:>KaHIIIIIX rreperrpaB, 'IT06b1 He 6bIJIO HH o,n:Holi rreperrpaBbI 3a rrpe,n:eJiaMH ropo,n:OB, BOlllel(IIIIIX B eoI03, 'IT06bl rrpoTHBHIIKaM MIIpa He oeTaBaJIOeb HH Ol(HOH rreperrpaBbl qepe3 Pe:tiH II 'IT06bI OHM, BCJie,n:CTBHe 3TOfO, He
MOfJIH IIOJib30BaTbe.sI HHKaKIIMH y,n:o6eTBaMH.

7.

TaK:>Ke IIOCTaHOBJI.sieM, 'ITO eCJIH KTO-HII6yAb H3 eeHbOpOB HJIH pb1u;apei1
1

IIOKJI.sIHeTe.sI eTOHTb 3a Halli MHp, TO OH II 6yAeT oxpaH.sITbe.sI MHpOM B Mepy CIIJI
nalllHX; a KTO ne 3aKJIIO'IHT c HaMH r.rnpa, TOT OCTaHeTC.sI BblKJIIO'IeHHbIM II:~
o6mero MHpa.

10. II peBhillle

Bcero Tlll,IIMc.si MbI H :>KeJiaeM c BeJIII'IaHIIIHM ycIIJIHeM Tpy-

AHTbC.sI na,n: TeM, 'IT06bI ceHbOpbI II 3eMJI.sIKII Halll.H C'IaCTJIHBO )KHJIH B MHpe
II corJiaCHH c HaMH, a Mbl c HHMII, TaK, 'IT06bI II caMH OHM OCTaBaJIHCb rrpH
CBOeM rrpaBe M Mbl IIOJib30BaJIHCb CBOHMII rrpaBaMH.

11.

TaK:>Ke 3arrpeTHJIH MbI HaKperrKo no.a CTpaxoM HaKa3aHH.sI, 'IT06br HH-

KTO II3 rpa:>K,n:aH HIIKOIIM o6pa30M He o6b.sIBJI.sIJI cpalil(bI* ceHbopaM, XOT.sl 6bI
OHM 6bIJHI II HalllHMII npoTIIBHIIKaMM; 3TIIM Mbl BOBCe He OTKa3bIBaeMC.sI OT
B3bICKaHII.sI c HHX 3a o6II;:(bl, o,n:HaKO CHa'IaJia nonpo6yeM ycoBeCTHTb caMIIX
ceHbOpOB, 'IT06b1 OHM rrpeKpaTHJIII o6H:l(bl, He npHtty:>K,n:a.sI Hae BbICrynaTb npoTIIB HIIX.

12.

TaK:>Ke pacrropH,n:IIJIHCb MbI, 'IT06bI H3 ropo,n;a MaliHila OTITHCaHO 6hIJIO

HII30BbIM ropoAaM Bee, 'ITO KacaeTc.si ,n:aHHoro ,n:eJia, a II3 BopMca -

ropoAaM

nepxoBbIM: KaK :>KaJI06b1, TaK II BC.HK.He ApyrIIe HalllII ,n:eJia rrycTb H3JiaraIOTc.si IIMII IIIICbMeHHO, a K o6IIA~mKaM HalllIIM rryCTb o6palll,aIOTC.sI c yBelll,aHIIeM;
o6II:>KeHHbie

13.

:>Ke

o6.si3aHbl IIOCbIJiaTb fOHI.l;OB Ha CBOH C'IeT.

TaK:>Ke o6emamI Mbl, 'IT06bI B TO MeCTO, fl(e Ha3Ha'IIIM Mbl Cbe3A, -

a B 3TOM qacTO 6brnaeT HY:>KAa, -

fOCIIOAa II ropo,n:a IIOCbIJiaJIII Tex caMbIX

'IeTbipex, KOTOpbie rrpe,n:Ha3Ha'IaIOTC51 ,l(JI.sI 3TOH u;eJIII, IIJIII 'IaCTb IIX, corJiacHO TOMy, KaK 3TOfO Tpe6yeT xo,n: pa36IIpaeMoro l(eJia: IIOCJibl 3TH l(OJI)KHbl
IIMeTb IIOJIHbie IIOJIHOMO'III.sI OT CBOIIX ropOAOB ,n:JIH pellleHII.sI rrpe,n:cTO.silll,HX
n TYT

:>Ke

coo6maTh CBOIIM ropo,n:aM rrocTaHOBJiemuI. Bee

:>Ke,

.n:en

rrpIIexaBIIIIIe c

ropo,n;CKMMII IIOCJiaMM MJIH rrpH6bIBaIOillHe K HMM, 6y,n:yT HerrpIIKOCHOBeHHbl,
TaK 'ITO IIX HeJib3.sI 110.n:neprHyTh HIIKaKoMy cyAy.

15.

TaK:>Ke o6elll,aJIII MbI HaKperrKo, 'ITO ecJIII KTO-JIII6o II3 coyqacTHIIKOB

COI03a HapylllIIT MIIp, TO Mbl BbICTYIIHM npOTIIB Hero CKOpee, 'IeM rrponrn qy)KOfO, II npIIHYAHM ero K 110,l(Jie:>Kalll,eH paCIIJiaTe.

387

16.

TaKJKe o6em;aJIM MbI qecTHO rrpe.n:yrrpeJK;:i:aTh rrocpe.n:cTBOM rpaMoT

JJ;pyr .n.pyra M COCTOHll;MX c HaMM B COI03e ceHbOpoB 060 BCeM, 'ITO Mbl pa3y3HaJIM rrpo HalIIMX correpHMKOB MJIM rrpo MHbIX, Morym;Mx HaM IIOBpe.n:MTb, )];JIH
Toro 1IT06bI CBOeBpeMeHHO rrpe.n:ycMOTpeTb BCe.

17.

TaK)l(e IIOCTaHOBHJIH Mbl, 1IT06bI HMKTO He CMeJI HaCHJibCTBeHHO rrpo-

·HMKaTb BO ,ll,BOpbI MJIM ,n:oMa u;epKOBHbIX JIIO,ll,eii:, BCHKMX MOHaXOB M MOHaXMHb,
cepbIX, 11epHbIX, 6eJiblX M BCHKMX .n:pyrMX op,n:eHOB, M He CMeJI Tpe6oBaTb OT
HllX, rrpOTllB llX JKeJiaHH5I, rrpMIOTa, C'beCTHbIX ITPHITaCOB, IIJIII ycJiyr, IIJIII qero
6hI TO HM 6bIJIO M HIIKOH:M o6pa30M He cMeJI BblMOraTb. By.n.e JKe KTO-HM6y,n:h
.HarJIO .n:ep3HeT c,n:eJiaTb TaKyIO IIOIIbITKy, TO 6y,n:eT CO'ITeH 3a Hapyrn1ueJI5I
MMpa M rro,n:BeprHyT cy.n:y.

18.

TaKJKe IIOCTaHOBMJIM Mbl, 1IT06bI KaJKi'tbIH ropo.n. Tpe60BaJI M .n:o6MBaJI-

C.H OT BCex Tex CBOMX coce.n.eii, KOTOpbie em:e He rrpMMKHJJIM K COI03y, 1IT06bI
.OHM rrpMCOe,ll,MH5IJIMCb. ECJill JKe Te 8TOfO He C,ll,eJiaIOT, OHM 6y.n.yT COBeprneHHO JIMIIIeHbl M OTCTpaHeHbl OT MMpa, TaK 'ITO HMKTO He CTaHeT C'IMTaTbC5I HaPYIIIHTeJieM MIIpa ITO OTHOIIIeHHIO K HX JIH'IHOCTH IIJIH HMym;ecrny' eCJIH c.n.eJiaeT lJTO-HM6y,ll,b rrpoTMB HMX.

19.

TaKJKe MbI JKeJiaeM, 1IT06bI Bee yqacTHMKM COI03a, KaK rocrro,n:a, TaK M

ropo.n.a, M Bee .n.pyrMe, Ha,n:JieJKam;e M coo6pa3HO cBoeMy 3BaHMIO 3aroTOBJIHJIM 6h1 ce6e BoopyJKeHMe, c TeM 1IT06bI OHM B JII06oe BpeM5I, KOf,ll,a HaM ITOHa,no6MTC5I M Kor.n:a OT HMX 8TOro IIOTpe6yIOT, 6bIJIM HafOTOBe.

20.

TaKJKe MhI rrocTaHOBMJIM, 1IT06bI ropo.n:a OT Brra.n.ettMH M03eJIH

.n.o Ba-

:3eJI5I ITpMroTOBMJIM CTO, a HM30Bble ropo.n.a II5ITbCOT .n.o6pbIX BOeHHbIX Kopa6J1eii, .n.a co CTpeJIKaMM, M 1IT06bI KaJK,ll,blH ropo.n., ITO Mepe cpe,ll,CTB, Ha,ll,JieJKa-

ID;llt;!..C~pa30M 3arraCaJIC5I opyJKMeM, BCa,n:HMKaMM M rreXOTMHU:aMII.

III. BTopoii cneati;

1....

B

Maiimi;e 29

HIOHJI

1255

r.

Ha C'be3,n:e ITOCJIOB OT COI03HbIX rocrro.n: M ropo,n:OB ... HaKpeIIKO ITO-

CTaHOBMJIM rro.n: IIITpacpoM B ,n:eC5ITb MapoK KeJibHCKMX, yrrJia'IMBaeMbIX
OHeTOM Toro ropo,ll,a, r.n.e COBepIIIeHO ITpaBOHapyIIIeHMe, -

1IT06bI HM 0,ll,IIH

~peii He 6paJI 6oJiee ,n:Byx ,n:eHapIIeB c cpyHTa* B He,ll,eJIIO ... EcJIM JKe 3aeM
,z:i;eJiaH 6bIJI Ha ro.n:, To eBpeii ,ll,OJIJKeH 6paTh

4

YHU:MM c cpyHTa

(33 1/ 3 %) ...

. . yJK,n:a 6bIJia B 8THX ITOCTaHOBJieHMHX, TaK KaK xpMCTMaHe-3aMMO,ll,aBIJ;bl
TJiy'IaIOTC5I OT u;epKBll M ITO cy.n:y rrpMHJJK.n:aIOTCH B03Bpam;aTb pOCT ...

IV. BTopoit C'beati; e Bop.Mee. 15 aerycTa 1255 r.

1.

TaKJKe BO BpeMH cne3.n:a ropo.n:oB B BopMce ... MbI ITOCTaHOBMJIM, 1IT06b1

BCex ropo.n:ax M MeCTHOCT5IX, IIpMMKHJBIIIMX K COI03Y' BC5IKMM qeJIOBeK,
'. a.n.e10m;Mii HelJ.BMJKMMbIM MMym;ecTBOM ITO ou;eHKe B IIHTb cpyHTOB MeCTHOH

*

fO,ll;OBblX OKOJIO

43%.

388
MOHeTbI IUIM 60JibIIIe, IIJiaTIIJI e)l(ero,n:Ho BeJIHKHM IIOCTOM no ,n:eHapmo; KaKoBbie ,n:eHhrH B Ka)l(,ll;OM ropo,n:e 6y,n:yT co6npaTbCH qeTblpbMH ,n:o6pbIMH JIIO,ll;bMH, rrpnCTaBJieHHbIMH K 3ToMy rro.n: rrpncHroii. Ms JieIITbI 3Toii 6y,n:eT coopy)l(aTbCH xpaMHHa MHpa ...

V. TpeTHii C"bea.zi; B BopMce. 14 0Kn16pJI 1255 r.

1. TaK)l(e Ha3HaqnJIH MbI cnes.n: B CTpac6ypre B MnxaiiJIOB ,n:eHb [29 ceHTH6pH] ,ll;JIH o6cy)l(,n:eHHH ,n:eJI MHpa. ExaBIIIHe Ha 3TOT C'be3,n: IIOCJibI ropo,n:oB
6bIJIH saxBaqeHbI. .. 3MHKOHOM, rpacpoM JleiiHmffeH, BOpOBCKH, B THIIIH HOqn,
a nMeHHO, ApttoJib,n: Kasttaqeii, <DpH,n:pHx, cTapocTa Maiim~CKMM, BoJibcppaM
pb1u;apb H f eHpHx, CbIH PMxepa, o6a ns BopMca, H OTBe,n:eHhI 6bIJIM B saMoK
JlaH,n:eK, B caMbIM KaHyH MMxaiiJioBa ,n:HH ...
2. IlocJie 3Toro MhI ceiiqac )Ke co6paJIHCb ,n:JIH cy)l(,n:eHHH o cJiyqHBIIIeMrn
B BopMce B ,n:eHb CB. KMJIMKCTa [ 14 OKTH6pH]. IlocTaHOBMJIH Brrpe,n:h MMeTh
qeTbipe o6ru:Mx Cnes,n:a no ,n:eJiaM CBHTOro MHpa B CJie,n:yIOru;Me cpOKM: rrepBbIH
B KeJihHe, B noroHBJieHne f ocrro,n:He; BTopoii B Maiittu;e, Ha IlacxaJihHOii He,n:eJie; TpeTMM B BopMce, B ,n:eHh arrrr. IleTpa M IlaBJia; qernepTbIM B CTpac6ypre, B PO)l(,ll;eCTBO IlpecBHTOll noropo.n:MU:bl.

VI. CTIHcOK y11acTHHKOB coroaa
1. l1MeHa rocrro,n:, BCTYIIHBIIIMX B CBHiu;eHHbIM COI03 Ha rrpHCHre c ropo,n:aMH: f eprap,n:, apxnerr. MaiiHU:CKHii, KoHpa,n:, apxHerr. KeJihHCKHii, ApHOJib,n:,
apxMerr. TpHpCKHM, Pnxap,n:, err. BopMCCKMM, feHpnx, err. CTpac6yprcKMii,
nepTOJih,n:, err. naseJibCKHii, MaKoB, err. MeTU:CKMii, a66aT <DyJih,n:CKMii, JI10,n:BMr, rrcpMbU:rpacp PeiiHCKMM ll repu:or oaBapCKHM ... ,llHTpHX, rpacp Kau:eH3JieH6oreH, <Dpn,n:pHX, rpacp JleiiHMHreH, nepTOJib,ll;, rpacp UnreHrareH ...
rocrro)l(a CocpHH, JiaH,n:rpacpHHH T10pnHreHCKaH, ... rocrro)l(a A,n:eJihreii,n:a, rpacpHHH JleiiHMHreH ... [Bcero 28 rocrro,n:, M3 HMX 8 ,n:yxoBHbIX].
2. l1MeHa ropo,n:oB: MaiiHU:, KeJibH, BopMc, lllrreiiep, CTPac6ypr, naseJib,
UIOpHX, <Dpeii6ypr, npeifaax, KOJibMap, lilJieTIIITa,ru, fareHay, BeiiceH6ypr, HeiiIIITa,ll;T, BHMIIcpeH, feii,n:eJib6epr, JlaJTep6ypr, OrrrreHreiiM, <DpaHKcpypT, <DpM,n:6epr, BeT11;Jiap, feJibHrayseH, Map6ypr, AJihccpeJib,n:, fp10H6epr, fepccpeJib,n:,
BaJib,n:eK [?], M10JlbrayseH, Arnacpcpett6ypr, 3eJIHreHIIITa.ITT, DMHreH, ,l{M6ax, 5axapax, Be3eJib, norrnap,n:, AH,n:epHax, DOHH, Heiic, AxeH CTOJibHhrii; B BecrcpaJillll
MIOHCTep H ,n:pyrne ropo,n:a, qHCJIOM OOJiee 60 c ropo,n:oM opeMeHOM.
IX. TpeTHii C'bea.zi; B Maiiuu;e. 12 MapTa 1256 r.
1. Ilo rrpeCTaBJiemrn cBeTJieiirnero rocy,n:apH Harnero BHJihreJihMa, 6Jia)l(eHttoii IlaMHTM KOpOJIH PHMCKOro, co6paJIHCb Mbl B MaiiHU: 1256 ro.n:a Ha BTOpoe
BOCKpeceHhe Bemmoro rrocTa, r,n:e TaK)l(e o6cy)l(,n:aJIH MHoroe, ,n:JIH CBHToro

389
MHpa BIDKHOe. OcHpOTeB 6e3 u:apH, Mbl IIOCTaHOBHJIH T)'T, l.J:T06bl Ka)K,n:blM ropo,n: no Mepe CWI npHroTOBHJICH K BOMHe, HMeJI TaK)Ke Koneii:rn;HKOB (soldarios)
H CTpeJIKOB, c KOTOpblMH, 6y,n:e Hy)K,n:a, Mbl CMO)KeM 6blCTpO npHMTH Ha no-

' MOIIJ;b ,n:pyr ,n:pyry. TeM )Ke rocno,n:aM, pbIU:apHM HJIH HHbIM, KOTOpbie He noKJIHJIHCb B MHpe, Mbl He OKa)KeM HHKaKOM noMOIIJ;H.

2. A BCe,

qTo 11,n:eT KOpOJIIO, Mbl o6ern;aJIHCb Ha BCe BpeMH 6ecKopoJieBHH

BCeMH CHJiaMH oxpaHHTb, a TaK)Ke 06ecneq11Tb BCHKOMy BJia,n:eHHe 11 HMy. mecTBo*.

3.

Ha 6Jiaro TaK)Ke Bcero Hapo,n:a 11 3eMJIH Mbl nOCTaHOBHJIH 11 o6ern;aJIH

TaM )Ke no.n: o6.SI3aTeJibCTBOM KJIHTBbl, qTO eCJIH rocno,n:a KHH3bH, OT KOTOpblX
3aBHCHT H36parr11e KOpOJIH, MO)KeT 6bITh, H36epyT B KOpOJIH 6oJiee o,n:Horo, TO
Mbl He CTaHeM no.n:,n:ep)KHBaTb HM o,n:Horo 113 HHX HM CJIOBOM, HM ,n:eJIOM 11 He
OKa)KeM eMy HHKaKHX ycJiyr HM TaMHO, HM HBHO, 11 He ,n:a,n:HM B3aMMbl 11 He
Bnycrn:M HM B O,n:HH ropo,n: H He npHHeCeM rrpHCHfH Ha BepHOCTb.

4.

EcJIH )Ke KaKoii:-JI1160 ropo.n: 3TO nocTaHOBJieH11e HapynrnT, To 6y,n:eT

cq11TaTbCH KJIHTBOIIpecTynHblM H JIHIIIeHHblM qeCTH, 11 Mbl BCeMH CHJiaMH BOCCTaHeM npOTHB Hero ,n:o noJIHOfO ero pa3pyrneHHH.

5.

EcJIH )Ke KHH3b.SI Bbl6epyT o,n:Horo, Mbl HeMe,n:JieHHO H 6ecnpeKOCJIOBHO

OKa)KeM eMy ,n:OJI)J(Hble cJiy)K6b111 noqecTH.

XI. C'hea.a; B B10p~6ypre. 15 aerycTa 1256 r.
Bo HM.SI focno,n:He, aMHHb. B

1256 ro,n:y,

B npa3,n:HHK YcneHHH IlpecBHTOii:

Boropo.n:11u:h1, B BIOpu:6ypr Ha 06rn;11ii: c'he3,n: nocJiaHu;aM OT ropo,n;oB np11cJiaHhl 6bIJIH qepe3 ,ll;OCTonoqTeHHOfO rocno,n:HHa 6paTa BaJibTepa nHCbMa OT HH,,*CenOHMeHOBaHHblX KHH3eii:, COCTaBJieHHhle B TaKHX Bblpa)KeHH.SIX:
AJib6epT, Bo)K11eii: MHJIOCTbIO repqor CaKCOHHH ... JII06e3HblM eMy rpa)K,n;aHaM Maii:Hu:a, KeJibHa, BopMca [ cJie,n:yeT

PM

yqacrnoBaBrn11x B Peii:HCKOM

COI03e ropo,n;oB]. .. 11 BCeM ropo,n;aM, o6ne,ll;HHeHHblM B ,n;oroBope CBHTOro MHpa,
. H3'hHBJIHeT Bcer,n;arnHIOIO roTOBHOCTb 11 6JiaropacnoJIO)KeH11e. Pa,n;yeMcH qecTHblM 11 CBHTbIM BO focno.n:e CTpeMJieHHHM BaIIIHM, KOHMH Bbl npOHBHJIH HJIH
npoHBJIHeTe JII06oBb 11 6JiaropacnoJio)KeH11e K Mrrpy 11 o6rn;eMy 6Jiary u:epKBH,
OT Bcero cep.n:u:a B03,n;aeM 6Jiaro,n;apttocTb BCeMy coI03Y BarneMy 11 )KeJiaeM oKa3aTb BaM ycJiyr11, He rn;a,n:H HM )KHBOTa, HM Ka3Hbl CBoeii:, TaK KaK Bbl, CTpeMHCb K yCTpoeHHIO II coxpaHeHHIO MHpa, CTOJib peBHOCTHO CTapaeTeCb no6y,ll;HTb Hae H ,n:pyr11x KHH3eii: K o6rn;eMy 11 ,n;py)KHOMY H36paHHIO KOpOJIH PHM. CKOro, npe,n;aHHO OKa3blBaH COBeT CBOM 11 no.n:,n:ep)KKY.

l1

BOT' TaK KaK 11 Mbl,

H ,n;pyrrre KHH3b.SI CXO,n:HMCH c BaMH B CTpeMJieHHH BOCCTaHOBHTb MHp, HbIHe

*

KopoJib HCTO'IHHK BC.HKoro npaBa, TaK>Ke H npaBa co6cTBeHHOCTH. B ,a;aHHOM
CJiy'Iae ropo,a;a B3.HJIHCb o6ecne'IHTb KaK 'laCTHYIO co6CTBeHHOCTb, TaK H rocy,a;apcrneHHbie
peraJIHH.

390
HaM CTaJIO 51CHO, qTO ,Z1;Jl51 CTOJib CB51ru;eHHOH u;eJIM He HaiI,n:eTC51 HMKTO MHOH,
KaK rrpecBeTJibIH My)K, B03JII06JieHHbIH po,n:Mq Harn 0TTOH, MapKrpacp EpaH,n:eH6yprcKH:iI; eMy, eCJIM OH B03HeCeH 6y,n:eT Ha u:apcrno, Mbl He OTKa)KeM HM
BO BC51KOH ITOMOru;M, ITO Mepe CHJI HaIIIMX, HM B COBeTe; M caM OH, MMe51 COBeT
c HaMM M .n:pyrMMM KH513b51MM M rocrro,n:aMM, a TaK)Ke c BaMM M ,n:pyrMMM CBOMMM ,n:pysb51MM, HMKOMM o6pa30M He OTKa)KeT B TOM )Ke.
[ CJie,n:y10T ITMCbMa HorattHa Epatt.n:eH6yprcKoro M Arrb6pexrn EpayHrnBeiircKoro, CXOJJ:Hble Me)KJJ:y co6oIO M rroqTM JJ:OCJIOBHO ITOBTOp5IIOru;Me rrpe,n:hmyru:ee;
,n:aJiee M,n:eT ITHCbMO caMoro Katt.n:M,n:arn, OrroHa Epatt.n:eH6yprcKoro, TO)Ke cxo.n:Hoe c rrpe,n:hI,n:yru;MMM, rro,n:qepKMBaIOru;ee ero fOTOBHOCTb CJIY)KMTb ,n:eey MMpa M
rrpM3bIBaIOru;ee BO <l>paHK<l>YPT Ha BbI60pbI CJie,n:yIOru;MMM CJIOBaMM]:
Mb1 rrpoCMM TaK)Ke Barny MMJIOCTb, qT06b1 Bbl 51BMJIMCb Ha M36MpaTeJibHbIH
cnes,n:, KOTOpbIH crrpaBJieH 6y,n:eT BO <l>paHK¢ypTe B Po)K,n:ecrno IIpecB51TOH
Eoropo.n:MU:bI, c TeM qTo6bI B cJiyqae B03MO)KHOCTM TaM pas,n:opa Me)K,n:y KeMHM6y,n:h - qero .n:a He CJIY"l!MTC51 - Ta CTOpOHa, KOTOpoiI HaHeCYT o6M,n:y, Morna
6b1 orrepeTbC51 Ha Barny rro.n:,n:ep)KKy*.

NQ 96. ,ll;OPTMYJl)l;· 3anpem;eHHe TporaTL PJ7K3.MH
BhlCTaB.JieHHhle Ha npo,IJ;aacy npo,zcyKThl (XIII B.)
EcJIM KaKoiI-HM6y,n:h ropo)KaHMH Harn, Haxo,n:51Cb Ha HarneM pbrnKe, )KeJiaeT KyrrMTb CBe)Kee M51CO MJIM CBe)KyIO pb16y, OH JJ:OJI)KeH CKa3aTb TOproBu:y: «IlepeBepHM MHe BOH TY pb16y~. «IlepeBepHM MHe BOH TO M51CO~, - HO OTHIOJJ:b He
,n:OJI)KeH TporaTb co6crneHHOH cBoeiI pyKoiI. EcJIH )Ke TpoHeT H yJIMqeH 6y,n:eT
JJ:BYM51 oqeBM,n:U:aMM, TO 6es BC51KMX B03pa)KeHIIH yITJiaTIIT 4 COJIII,n:a.

NQ 97. «MePTBhlil ceaoH». 1350-1351 rr., MapT
BbicJiyrnaB rrporneHMe saKa,n:b1qHbIX TOBapMru;eiI f 10ra M3 ApreHII, yrnep)K,n:aBIIIMX, qTo cyKHOBaJI farroT II3 TepyaHa, rro,n:oiI,n:H K caMoMy ,n:oMy f10ra,
o6Ha)KIIJI CBOH Meq, fOBOp51 f 10ry' qTo TOT KOBapHO rrporHaJI ero co cJiy)K6bI
B MeprnbliI JJ:JI51 ero peMecJia cesoH ...

IX. rOCYMPb I1 Ero BJIACTb
NQ 98. OrpaHwieHHe HMnepaTopcKoil B.JiacTH (1152 r.)
KopoJih [ <l>pII,n:pMx I] BcTyrrIIJI B rrpe,n:eJibI EaBapIIII M B CTOJIIIU:e 3Toro
repu:orcrna, PereHc6ypre, B ,n:eHb CB51TblX arrocTOJIOB [ 15 IIIOJI51], B MOHaCTbIpe CB. 3MMepaMHa - M6o co6op BMeCTe c HeCKOJibKIIMII KBapTaJiaMII ropo,n:a
cropeJI - BeHqaeTC51 Ha u:apcrno. 3,n:ecb Ha ceiIMe ... rocy,n:apb rro)KeJiaJI rrpo-

*

0TTOH He rrporneJI B HMrrepaTOpbI.

391
HBRTb .n.o6JieCTb .n.yxa, B HeM o6RTasrnyIO, R (noeJIRKY B npe.n.eJiax rocy.n.apCTBa ero see o6cTOHJIO snoJIHe 6JiaronoJiy1IHO) o6nHBRTb soii:Hy seHrpaM R
BepHyTb RX CHOBa no.n. ceHb RMnepRR. Ho TaK KaK OH, no KaKRM-TO He BblHCHRBIIIRMCH npR1IRHaM, He Mor nOJIY1IRTb corJiaCRe KHH3eH R n03TOMy He B
Cll.llaX 6bl.71 ocymecTBRTb CBOIO 3aBeTHYIO Me1ITY' OH OTJIO)l(RJI noxo.n.

.n.o 6oJiee

y.n.o6Horo speMeHR.

NQ 99. 3aBem;aHHe OTioHa IV
Bo RMH CBHToii: R Hepa3.n.eJihHoii: Tp0Ru;b1, 0TTOH

IV ...

cBORM sepHblM,

CBOeMy 6paTy feHpRxy, mpaJibU:rpacpy Peii:HCKOMy, CBOMM MRHRCTepMaJiaM,
BCeM rpa)l(.ll,aHaM B BpayHIIIBeii:re M BCeM, BRMII1:RM 3TY rpaMOTY ...

1) .lI:a6bl

6peHHble

.n.eHHMH 1IeJIOBe1IeCKRe He CTaJIM )l(epTBOH HenOCTO.HHHOro

BpeMeHM, OHM .ll,OJI)l(Hbl. 6b1Tb 3ane1IaTJieHbl B naMHTR CBll.ll.eTeJibCTBOM nMCbMeH.
l-fraK, Mbl, cocTaBJIHH .ll.JIH cnaceHRH .n.yrnM Harneii: 3asemaHMe Harne, npocMM
co sceii: JII06osbIO, c KaKoii: MO)l(eM,

Te6H, 6paT feHpRx, ncpaJibU:rpacp Peii:H-

CKMH, 1ITo6 Thi, ecJIR focno.n.y Bory, -

M6o see BO BJiaCTM Bo)l(Meii:, -

yro.n.-

HO 6y.n.eT npM3BaTb Hae Ha nyTb BCHKOH nJIOTM, 1IT06b1 Thi pa.n.M JII06BM K Bory
H pa.n.M BepHOCTR BaCCaJibHOH M 6paTCKOH HaM coxpaHR.71 B Te1IeHRe .n.sa.n.u:aTM He.ll,e.llb no KOH1IRHe Harneii: CBHTblH KpecT' KOnbe, BeHeu;, 3y6 CB.HTOro HoaHHa KpecTMTe.71.H R MMneparnpcKMe peraJIHR, KpoMe Harneii: MaHTRR, KornpyIO
OT.ll,aTb CB. 3rM.l1,MIO; R HR e.ll,RHOMY 1IeJIOBeKy Ha CBeTe MX He OT.ll,aBaii:, KpoMe Toro, KOTOporo e.ll,RHO.ll.YIIIHO M 3aKOHHO R36epyT KHH3bH, RJIR TOMY' KOTOpblH Bb16paH Tenepb, eCJIR Ha HeM corJiaCHTCH KHH3bH, M 3a nepe.n.a1Iy RX, pa.n.M
focno.n.a M cnaceHRH pa.n.M Harnero, HRKaKMX .n.eHer He 6epM, pa3Be TOJibKO 3a
petaJIMM Tbl CMO)l(eIIIb BepHyTb Harny M TBOIO BOT1IRHy; eCJIH 3TO He CTaHeTC.H,
TO npe.n.oCTaBb see BblIIIeyKa3aHHOe Ha 6JiarocTb Toro, KTO HacJie.n.yeT u:apcTBO. IlpocMM TaK)l(e sac, BepHeHIIIHe MRHRCTepMaJibl, no .ll,OJiry BepHOCTR, R
sac, B03JII06JieHHb1e R sepHble rpa)l(.ll,aHe HaIIIR BpayHrnseii:ra, 1IT06b1 Bbl, KaK
Mbl Ha Bae Ha.ll,eeMCH, BepHO M KpenKO nOMOrJIM B MCnOJIHeHMM Bcero 3TOro.

3)

Bee peJIMKBMM, KOTOpblMM BJia.ll,e.71 OTeu: Halli R Mbl, HaBeKM )l(epTByeM

focno.n.y Bory, CB. HoaHHY KpecTMTeJIIO R CB. BJiaCMIO B BpayHrnBeii:re, KpoMe o.n.Hoii: pyKM, KOTOpaH 6y.n.eT rrpe.n.ocTaBJieHa Harneii: cynpyre. A 'ITO B 30JIOTe, caMOU:BeTHblX KaMHHX MB .n.parou:eHHOCTHX, TO .n.aeM cynpyre Harneii:.

4)

Mb1 )l(eJiaeM, 1IT06 yKpenJieHMH B Kse.l1,.71RH6ypre npe)l(.n.e B03BpaTa Ha-

. CTOHTe.llbHRU:e 6bl.71R pa3pyrneHbl; no pa3pyrneHRM MX, Bee MeCTO c u:epKOBbIO
B03BpamaeTCH HaCTO.HTeJibHRU:e, a TaMOIIIHMe HaIIIR XJie6Hble 3anaCbl M Bee
HHOe, 3a 'ITO MO)l(HO BblPY1IMTb .n.eHbrM, OT.ll,aeTCH .ll,JIH cnaceHMH .ll.YIIIR Harneii:
HaCTOHTeJibHMU:e Ree MOHaCTblpIO, onpI11Ib 6aJIJIRCT, KOTOpble, 1IT06 OHM 3apa6oTaJIM npOTMB BparoB Bora, .n.aTb TeM, KTO co6MpaeTCH 3a Mope; XJie6 )Ke,
OTHHTblH B ArnepcJie6eHe, OT.ll,aTb TaMOIIIHMM JIIO.ll,.HM.

392
6) 3aMOK fapu6ypr rrpe,n:oeTaBIITh IIMrrepiur, II K Heii ./Ke OTOR,l{eT 6aIIIH.SI,
KOTopy10 B03BeJIII Mhl TaM. fpacpaM 3aJih,l{eH6epreKIIM oeTaeTe.SI IIX cpeo,n:, 1110TaPJJ:Y MeiiHepereiiMeKoMy - ero cpeo,n:, A.llap.n:y Bypr,n:opcpeKOMy - ero 6arnHH c cpeo,n:OM, II IIHhIM OCTaB.JrnIOTCH IIX cpeO,l{hl B TOM BH,l{e, KaK OHM ,n:ep.IKaJIII
IIX OT IIMrrepIIII. 3aMOK JleseH6ypr septtyTb IIJieMHHHIIKY HaIIIeMy Orrotty, II6o
3TO ero O'flUma II OTXO,l{IIT Kero ,l{OJie. 3aMOK fapecpeJih,l{ sepHyTh fap,n:OJihcpy,
HO ecJIII 6paT Harn 3axo"l!eT IIMeTh ero, TO rrycTh ,n:acT 3a Hero 100 MapoK.
7) Bee sJia,n:emrn HaIIIII B KecpepH6ypre [ cJie.n:yeT rrepe"lleHh yroJJ:IIH] .1KepTByeM foerro,n:y Bory, CB. )lese MapttII II CB. BJiaCIIIO B BpayHrnBeiire c TeM,
0,l{HaKO, "lJT06hI MOHaCTblpb CB. BJiaCII.SI rroeTaBIIJI TaM CB.SIIIleHHIIKa, ,l{h.SIKOHa,
IIITO,l{h.SIKOHa, "l!T06b1 TaM 6eerrpeCTaHHO rrpOIICXO,l{IIJIII 60.1KecTBeHHhie CJiy.IK6bI
BO cJiaBy Bora II IlpecsmoH: )leBhr MapttII 3a crraeeHIIe Harne.ii ,n:yrnn, oeTaJihHoe ./Ke see rrycTh o6paTHT c rroJih30H Ha Tparre3y 6paTIIII. IlpocIIM II Te6H,
,n:pa.IKaHIIIMM 6paT, co BCHKMM rrpIIJie./KaHHeM II CTapaHIIeM, "l!T06 Thi J(ep.IKaJI
3TO Harne ITOCTaHOBJieHIIe KperrKO II HepyrnIIMO, pa,n:II JII06BII K Bory II pa,n:II
Harnero II rnoero erraeemm, tt6o Ha,n:eeMeH II BepIIM, "CJTO eIIe II Bory 6y.ZJ:eT
yro,ZJ;Hee II .ZJ:yrne HarneH: II TBoeH: erraeIITeJihHee, "lleM eeJIII BhIIIIe03Ha"l!eHHbie
3eMJIII, erraceHIIIO HaIIIeMy BO Bpe,n:, 6e3 rrpoKy rrorII6HyT B TerrepernHeM eBOeM eoeTO.SIHIIII.
)laHo B fapu;6ypre.

NQ 100. IlpHBHJienm <l>pH,ll;pHXa II KHJI31>J1M u;epKBH (1220 r.)
Bo HM.SI CBHTOH II Hepa3,n:eJibHoii TpoIIUhI, <DpII,n:pIIx II, crroerrerneerny10meii Bo.1Kheii: MIIJIOeThIO PIIMeKIIM KopoJib, Bcer,n:a eB.SIIIleHHbIM, II KopoJib
CIIUMJIHII. Pa3MbIIIIJI.SI.SI e ,l(OJl./KHbIM BHHMaHHeM 0 TOM, e KaKOM CMJIOM M BepHOeThIO B03JII06JieHHbie II sepHbie HaIIIII KH.SI3b.SI-eITIICKOilbl ,l{O errx rrop rroMOraJIII HaM, B03BO,l{.SI Hae Ha BbieOTY rrpeeTOJia, ITO,l{,Uep.IKIIBa.SI Hae Ha OHOM
M HaKOHeu; 6JiaroeKJIOHHO II corJiaeHO BbI6paB CBOHM KopoJieM H roerro,ZJ;MHOM
ehIHa Ramero feHpttxa, MbI peIIIMJIH Bcer,ZJ;a B03BeJIM"l!IIBaTb Tex, KTO B03BeJIM"l!IIJI Hae ... A rroeeMy, BBII.ZJ:Y Toro "l!TO Ha UITOeTb IIM Hapocmr BO BpeM51
,n:oJiroH: eMyThI B MMrrepIIII, HbIHe, 6.Tiaro,n:apeHIIe Coa,n:aTeJIIO, paeee.SIHHbie,
pa3Hble o6bI"llaM, MJIM, sepHee, 3JIOyrroTpe6JieHIIH, KaK-TO: HOBble TaMO./KHH,
MOHeTa, KOTOpa.SI 3a-qaeTy10 eaMa ce6.SI o6eeueHHBaeT CXO,l{CTBOM "lleKaHa *'
Harra,n:eHIIH a,n:BOKaTOB** IIX u:epKBeii: II IIHbie 6e,Ubl, KOHM HeCTb "l!IIeJia, Mbl peIIIHJIH BoerrpOTIIBIITbe51 eIIM 3JioyrroTpe6JieHII.SIM ITOMOIIlblO HeKOTOpbIX
rroeTaHOBJieHHM.

* BhmycKa.n:acb IIJIOX<UI MoHeTa c
** Ni;BoKaTbI :u:epKBM (<l>orrb1) MHO:i1 :u:epKBM.

qeKattoM rroJitto:u:ettttoli.
CBeTCKMe mo.n;M, KOTOpbIM BBepetta 3aI:U:MTa TOH MJIM

i

[

l

393
1)

Bo-rrepBbIX, o6em;aeM, qTo HIIKor.n:a srrpe.n;b rrpII cMepTII Koro-Jrn6o

t :u;epKOBHOro

KH.H3.H He 6y.n;eM rrpHCBaHBaTb cpHcKy ero HaCJie.n;crna, TaK>Ke 3a-

' npem;aeM JII060MY MIIp.Hmrny rrpllcBaHBaTb ero ce6e IlOJl. KaKIIM 6bI TO HII 6bIJIO
npe.n;JioroM, HO rrycTb ornH:.n;eT OHO K rrpeeMHIIKy, eCJIII npe.n:rnecTBeHHllK yMep
. 6e3 3aBem;aHH.H; ero 3asem;aHIIe, ecJIII c.n;eJiaeT TaKoBoe, MbI cqHTaeM .n:eiicTBHTeJibHbIM. EcJIII )Ke KTO, BOIIpeKll 3TOMY IlOCTaHOBJieHHIO, OCMeJIHTC.H rrpHCBOlITb ce6e HaCJieJl.CTBO, TO nycTb cqHTaeTC.H OilaJibHbIM ll BHe 3aKOHa ll nycTb
HaBcer.n;a JIIIIIIIITC.H cpeo.n:a llJIII 6eHecpml,II.H, 6y.n:e IIMeeT TaKOBOH.

2)

TaK)Ke Bnpe.n;b He 6y.n;eM 6e3 llX COBeTa IIJIII npoTIIB IIX BOJIII BBOJl.IITb

HOBbie IlOIIIJIIIHbl II HOBbie MOHeTbl Ha IIX TeppIITOp1rnx IIJIII B rro.n:cyJl.HbIX HM
. o6JiaCT.HX, HO 6y.n;eM KperrKO l:I HeII3MeHHO coxpaH.HTb II 3am;IIm;aTb CTapbie
IlOIIIJIIIHbl l:I MOHeTHbie npaBa, ycrynJieHHbie IIX uepKBaM, l:I CaMI:I He 6y.n;eM IIX
HapyrnaTb l:I He Il03BOJII:IM HapyrnaTb .n;pyrIIM, a 06b1qHo MOHeTbl,II3-3a CXOJJ.CTBa qeKaHa CMeI111:1BaIOTC.H l:I o6ecueHI:IBaIOTC.H, qeMy Mbl BC5JqeCKI:I 6yJJ.eM npeIl.HTCTBOBaTb.

3) A

JIIOJl.eH, COCTO.Hill;IIX B Kpe110CTHOH OT Hl:IX 3aBIICIIMOCTI:I Toro l:IJII:I

. lIHOro po.n:a l:I YKJIOHIIBIIIIIXC.H 110 KaKOH-JIH6o npwrnHe OT CBOI:IX K HIIM o6.H3aHHOCTell:, Mbl He CTaHeM 11pl:IHIIMaTb B ropo.n:a Hanrn, BO Bpe.n: llX roc110.n;aM.
)KeJiaeM TaK)Ke, ~no6 3TO BOo6m;e co6JIIOJJ.aJIOCb KaK IIMI:I caMIIMll Me)KJJ.Y co60.H:, TaK II CBeTCKIIMII rocnOJJ.aMI:I no OTHOIIIeHIIIO K HIIM.

.

4)

TaK)Ke ITOCTaHOBJI.HeM, qTo6 Hl:IKTO He npIIqIIH.HJI spell.a KaKOM-JII:I6o

:u;epKBII B ee 3eMJI.HX II3-3a cpIICKa 3TIIX 3eMeJib; a eCJIII rrpIIqIIHIIT Bpe.n:, TO
B03MeCTIIT BJJ.BOHHe II ynJiaTIIT Ka3Hb

5)

100

MapoK cepe6pa.

TaK)Ke eCJIII KTO II3 HIIX csoero BaCCaJia, KOTOpblH ero OCKOp61:1JI, II306-

JIIIqlIT 110 cpeOJJ.aJibHOMy rrpaBy l:I TeM BepHeT cpeo,ZJ,, Mbl oxpaHIIM 3TOT cpeo,ZJ,
,n;JJ.si'iiero.

I1

ecmi: OH no csoell: .n;o6poll: BOJie 1:1 m;e.n;pocni: 3axoqeT HaM nepe-

JJ;aTb cpeo.n:, TO Mbl npIIMeM ero, He3aBIICIIMO OT Harnell: JJ.PY)K6bI l:IJIII Bpa)KJJ.bl.
Ho ecJIII y uepKOBHoro KH.H3.H cJiyqIITC.H rryCToBaTb KaKIIM-JIII6o o6pa3oM cpeo.n:y, .n:a)Ke 6Jiaro.n:ap.H CMepTII IIHcpeO,ZJ,OBaHHOro, TO Mbl co6cTBeHHOH BJiaCTbIO,
toqHee, HaCIIJibeM, B Hero HII B KOeM CJiyqae He BCTYllIIM, ecJII:I He CMO)KeM
noJiyq1:1Th 110 JJ.06poiI BOJie 1:1 m:eJJ.pOll: yCTynKe, a Hao6opoT, BceMepHo 6yJJ.eM
. aam;1:1m;aTb cpeoJJ. JJ.JI.H Hero.

6)

,l{aJiee, KaK c11paBeJl.JIIIBO, Mbl 6yJJ.eM II36eraTb OTJiyqeHHbIX IIMII, HO

TOJibKO B TOM CJiyqae, eCJIII OHI:I yKa)KyT HaM IIX ycTHO, l:IJII:I lll:ICbMeHHO, IIJIII
11epe3 ,ZJ,o6pbIX II Ha.n:e)KHbIX llOCJIOB; II llOKa He CH.HTO 6yJJ.eT OTJiyqeHHe, He
II03BOJIHM HM yqacTBOBaTb B cy.n:e c TeM pa3JIIIqIIeM, qTo OTJiyqeHIIe He OCB060)KJJ.aeT IIX OT OTBeTa o6BHHIITeJI.HM, OJJ.HaKO )Ke, 6e3 3am;IITHIIKOB, HO OHH
;mrnaIOTC.H 11paBa yqacTBOBaTb B cyJJ.oroBopeHIIII, JJ.aBaTb 110Ka3aHII.H II o6mi:H.HTb JJ.PYTIIX.

7) I1

TaK KaK Meq CBeTCKIIH C03Jl.aH B llOMOill;b Meqy JJ.YXOBHOMY, TO BCJieJJ. 3a

OTJIYlieHIIeM, ecmi: OJJ.HIIM II3 BbII1IeyKa3aHHbIX c11oco60B HaM CTaHeT II3BeCTHO,

394
l.JTO OHM COCTOHT B OTJiyI.JeHMH 6oJiee rneCTH He;:J;eJib, IIOCJie;:i:yeT Harna OIIaJia,
M OHa He OTMemieTC.H JJ;O CHHTHH OTJiyI.JeHM.H.

8)

TaK H BCeMH HHbIMH crroco6aMM, a HMeHHO crrpaBeJJ;JIMBbIM H rp03HblM

cyJJ;OM, Mbl HaKperrKO 06e111aeM IIOMoraTb HMM o6opOH.HTb HX, HOHM B CBOIO
OI.JepeJJ;b KJI.HTBeHHO 06e111aJIM llOCMJibHO M JJ;eHcTBeHHO llOMOraTb 11pOTHB BC.HKoro, KTO HaCHJibCTBeHHO COllpOTMBJI.HJIC.H 6bI HaM, KOrJJ;a Mbl cyJJ;oM CBOHM
XOTHM IIOJJ;JJ;ep)KaTb HX.

9)

TaK)Ke IIOCTaHOBJI.HeM, l.JT06bI HHKaKHe llOCTpOHKM, HMeHHO 3aMKH H

ropoJJ;a, He B03JJ;BHraJIHCb B llOMeCTb.HX 11epKBell JIH6o JJ;JI.H ¢ona, JIH6o 110,ll
KaKHM-HH6y,llh .n:pyrMM 11pe.n:11oroM.

11

ecJIH KaKHe c11yqaHHO B03,llBHrHyT 11po-

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BJiaCTbIO pa3opeHbI.

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11) ... IlocTaHOBJI.HeM,

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[roc110JJ;] co611IOJJ;aTb Ha 110J1b3Y 11epKBerr.

A

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9

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(1231-1232 rr.)
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II ...

Ilo)KeJiaB, I.JT0-

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395
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TOBapbl, HM ebeeTHbie rrpMrraebI He rrpo.n.aBaJIMeb lI He IIOKYIIaJIMeb Ha MHbie
.n.eHbfM, KpoMe Tex .n.eHapMeB, KOTOpble 1IpMH5ITbl B .n.aHHOM ropo.n.e MJIM MeeTe. KaK B 6bIJibie BpeMeHa ropoAa M BJia.n.eHM.sI, .n.apyeMbie MMrrepaTopeKMM
BeJIM1:1eeTBOM, HaXO,ll,MJIMeb B Be)];eHMM apxMerrMeKOIIOB lI errMeKOIIOB, TaK lI
HbIHe Mbl )KeJiaeM' 1:1T06bI OHM HeM3MeHHO oeTaBaJIMeb B Be,ll,eHMM MX eaMMX lI
MX 1:1MHOBHIIKOB, Hapo1:1MTO HMM Ha3Ha1IeHHbIX; a o6bJ1:1aM KaKOfO-JIII6o ropo.n;a, 6y.n;e OH lI rrpOTMBOpe1:1IIT, a He rrpaBOM.

11

TOMY He IIOMexa: Mbl ero e':IMTaeM cpaKTOM,

BOT, 1:1T06bI eTOJib 1:1y,n;OBMIIJ,Hblll JI)Ke06b11:1aii: 6bIJI eoBeprneH-

HO yCTpaHeH II He rrpIIKpbIBaJie.sI KaKMM-JIM6o aBTOpIITeTOM, Mbl OTHbIHe lI
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MlIJIOeTbIO, JIM6o rrpe.n:rneeTBeHHMKaMM HaIIIMMM, a TaK)Ke apxMeIIMeKOIIaMM lI
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Ha oeHOBaHMM 3aKOHOB KeeapeM: II B IIOJIHOM eosHaHMM HarneM: rrpaBOTbl, BblIIIJIII B cpopMe lIMIIepeKoro rroeTaHOBJieHM5I.

A

rroeeMy rroeTaHOBAAeM II eKperr-

AAeM MMnepaTopeKMM 3.ll.MKTOM, 1:1T06bI HM O,ll,MH 1:1eJIOBeK, HM M3 3HaTHbIX, HM
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40

cpyHTOB 1:1MeToro

30JrOTa, KOTOpblM rroii:.n:eT B Harn cpMeK.
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N2 102. H36paHHe Py,IJ;OJI1><)>a ra6c6yprcxoro
(Kml31>H H3Bem;aIOT narry. 1237 r.)
2)

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. HaKOHeIJ,, rroeJie .ll.OJiroro paeey)K,aeHII5I 0 Ha3Ha1IeHHH 6y.n:ymero KOpOJI5I, Ha
CJiaBHoro My)Ka, roerro,aIIHa IIM.sipeK*, rrpII3BaB errepBa 6Jiaro.n.aTb CB. ,llyxa
c ,ll,OJl)KHOM lI o6bI1:1HOM TOp)KeeTBeHHOeTbIO, eoxpaHMB BO BeeM IIO.ll.XO.ll.5IIIJ,Me
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*

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B KOTOpy10

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396
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e,n;IIHOrJiacHo II36paJIII ero no yKa3aHIIIO BceBhilllHero B KopoJIII pIIMCKIIe II
6y.n:ymIIe IIMnepaToph1.
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KeJibHCKIIM apxIIenIICKOnOM, KOeMy II3,n;peBJie Ha,n;Jie)KIIT coo6maTb KOpOJI.HM
6Jiaro,n;aTh noMa3aHIIH, 6hrn KopoHoBaH Ha npecToJie .BeJIIIKoro KapJia II noMa3aH eJieeM CBHII1eHHeiimero rroMa3aHIIH.
4) A ~o6b1 qecTHM MaTu Hama, CBHTM PIIMCKM u.epKOBh, Bo3pa,n;oaaJiach
eme 60JibllleIO pa,n;oCTbIO 0 JillqHOCTll KOpOJI.H, TaKO M36pattHOf0 ll BeHqaHHOro, ae.n:aiiTe: OH - no Bepe npaBOCJiaBeH, peBHIITeJib xpaMOB II 6JIIOCTIITeJib
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JIIO,lJ;.HM, II, KpOMe TOfO, KpenoK TeJIOM II y.n;aqJIMB B BOeHHbIX .n:eJiax npOTMB
cynoCTaTOB ...
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o.n;o6pIITe MMJIOCTIIBhIM cor JiacMeM II 6JiarocKJIOHHbIM yTsep)K,n;eHIIeM
(approbatio) II .n;oaepmIITe ,n;eJio Eo)l<Me ... co6JiarosoJIIIB, Kor.n;a yro,n;Ho II
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nocJie MpaKa cseTJihIH ,n;eHb.

N2 103. 06e~ rpa<}>a Mo.JIL4>a HaccayCl{oro npH ll36pamnl,
~e KeJihHCl{OMY apXHeIIHCl{Ony*. 27 anpe;m 1292 r.
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II36paHbl PIIMCKIIM KopoJieM, TO o6H3yeMC.H:
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KOTOpaH y)Ke ,n;aBHO Jie)KIIT noseprHyTM II CTpa)K.ZJ:YIIIM, oxpaH.HTb B IIX npa*

TaK Ha3brnaeMaJI ~u36upaTeJihHa.JI KanuTyJIHQHH~.

397
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2)

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rocrro,n.MHOM apx11err11cKorroM KeJibHCKMM, ,n.a:>Ke eCJIM HeKOTOpbie KHH3bH

f ep-

rMaH1111 IIpH M36paHMM pa30H,ll.YTCH C fOCIIO,ll.MHOM apX11eIIMCKOIIOM.

3) l1

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n;epKOBb KeJibHCKM, KaK CKa3aHO, IIOBeprHyTM 11 CTpa:>K,n.ym;M, orrpaBMTCH
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H KeJibHCKOH IIepKBM saMKH M 6yprH* ... ,ll.JIH sam;HTbI 11 BHm;ero oxpaHeHMH
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[7

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398
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B HX Tparnx. A .ll.JI5I 6oJiee BepHoro o6ecrre1IeHH5I BbirneyKasaHHOro o6ern;aeM:
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**** )lpeBttnii (octtoBatt rrpn KapJie BeJIHKoM)

6oraTeiIIII11iI MonacTbipb Ha Be3epe,
H3b5ITblM M3-IIO,L( BJiaCTM MeCTHOM Mepapx1111 M tterrocpe,L(CTBeHHO rrarre IIO,L('IMHeHHbIM.
y IIOM5IHYTbIMH MeCTHOCT5IMH IIO'ITH HC'IeprrbIBaIOTC5I HaccaycKne BJia,L(eHM5I
JlwM6ypr 'IaCTb rrptt,L(attoro MettbI A,L(OJib<pa.

*****

399
0'II:ICTIIM [OT npeJKHIIX 0651:3aTeJibCTB] II BeJIIIM nepeti:aTb B o6JiatJ;aHIIe apxIIenIIcKony, ero npeeMHIIKaM II KeJihHCKOM 11,epKsII; csepx Toro, MbI BhICTam1M
,D;o6pbIMII II saKOHHbIMII nopy'IIITeJI51:MII 50 pbill,apeiJ:, CB060tJ;HbIX II MIIHIICTepHMOB, II c 3TIIMII nopyqIITeJI51:MII Mbl, no nepBoMy Tpe6osaHIIIO apxIIenIICKOna, ero npeeMHIIKOB II 11,epKBII KeJibHCKoli, B ti:syxHeti:eJihHbIM cpoK, CRti:eM B
DOHHe, OTKyti:a He BblRtJ;eM, noKa He BbIIIOJIHI:IM scero o6ern;aHHOro BO scex
'laCT51:X, IIJllI noKa OTHOCI:ITeJibHO HeIICnOJIHeHHoro He 6yti:eT ti:aHo llOJIHOro
o6ecne'IeHII51: no ycMoTpeHrrIO apxIIenrrcKona.
14) .lt:Mee, MbI caMrr pernaeM II noJiaraeM, 'ITO ecJirr MhI, ti:a He 6yti:eT 3Toro,
OKaJKeMc51: HapyrnrrTeJIRMH scero Bh1rnecKasaHHoro rrJirr qacTrr ero, a TaKJKe He
,ll;atJ;IIM nOJIHOro o6ecneqeHII51: apxIIenIICKony, ITO ero ycMOTpeHIIIO, TO TeM caMbIM OTnati:aeT BC51:KOe II36pairne Harne, a OT M36patt1I51: II 11,apcrno*. 0TKaJKeMC51:
TOrti:a II Hascerti:a OT BC51:KIIX rrpaB, KOTOpbie IIOtJ;JieJKaT IIJllI MoryT IIOtJ;JieJKaTb
HaM B KOpOJieBCKOM HarneM 3BaHIIII; He KOp51:, a 6Jiaroti:ap51:, eCJIII KH51:3b51:, KOTOpbIM Ha,n:JieJKIIT 1I36paH1Ie Ha 11,apcrno, rrp1ICTYII51:T K Bh16opaM IIHOro KopoJrn, KaK CHe 6yti:eT yrOAHO apxHeIIIICKOIIy.
18) 06ern;aeM TaKJKe cHMCKaTh 6JiarocKJIOHHOCTh II APYJK6y cJiaBHoro KHR351: rocrrot1:1rna 0TTOHa ~co cTpeJio:H~, MapKrpacpa fipaHti:eH6yprcKoro** ...
21) 06ern;aeM TaKJKe ... rpacpa EeprcKoro II MapKcKoro, a TaKJKe repuora Epa6aHTCKOro II IIHbIX Heti:pyros 11,epKBII KeJibHCKo:H B coBeT Harn II KO
,a;sopy He rrplIHIIMaTh 6es corJiacm1 II co1IsBoJieH1I}l apxrrerrlicKorra, ero rrpeeMHMKOB n u;epKBM KeJibHCKo:H.
Bo CBIIAeTeJihCTBO cero rrp1rnaraeTC5l: c IIOJIHOro Ramero seti:oMa II rrp1IKa3aHIIH rre'IaTh Harna ...

NQ 104. HH3Jlom.eHHe*** MOJIL<pa HaccaycKoro.
23 HIOHJI 1298 r .
... XOTH Mbl c HatJ;JieJKarn;IIM IIO'ITeHIIeM M M5lTKOCTbIO HeOTCTYIIHO HacTaIIBaJIM II rrpoclIJIII CBeTJieiJ:mero rocnoti:IIHa Ramero A.n:oJihcpa, rrepBeii:mero II3
CBeTCKMX KH51:3eii, 0 co6JIIOAeHIUI o6Il(ero MIIpa, 0 TOM, 'IT06bI OH caM IICIIpaBIIJIC51:, IICKYIIMJI CBOII rrpocTyIIKII II AOCTORHO sarJiatJ;HJI 6eC'IIIHCTBa, - OHbIR
KH51:3b, - XOT51: MbI ero ysell(eBaJIII He pas, a MHoro, yttIIJKeHHO II rrpeti:aHHO, noti:pa1Ka51: JKeCTOKOBblMHOCTII cpapaOHOBOM II, 51:KO acmIA, 3aTbIKa51: yrnII CBOII,
npespeJI c roptJ;bIM yrrp51:MCTBOM II yrrp51:MOH ropti:OCTbIO CIIII HarnII rrpoch6bI II
crraclITeJibHbie ysell(aHII51:. A rroceMy, He B CIIJiax 6es TRJKKOro ocKop6Jiemrn
XpHCTa rrepeHOCIITb ti;OJibme ero ttecrrpaseti:JIIIBOCTII, MbI rrpIIHYJKti:eHhI,

* Htt3JIO:>Kem1e MOJib¢a, CM. NQ 104.
** Y'laCTHHK 6y11:ymero HH3JIO:>KeHH.H A,n,o.11b¢a,
*** CM. NQ 103 yc.110B11a 1136patt11a A,n,oJib¢a.

CM.

NQ 104.

400
YH3BJieHHbie fOJIOCOM Harnett: co6crneHHOH COBeCTII, BCeMepHO IIOKapaTb ero no
BCell: crrpaBe,n:JIIIBOCTII.
Be,n:b B ero u.apcrnoBaHIIe, qTo6 yMoJiqaTb o ,n:pyrIIx ero rrpecTyrrJieHIIHX,
qTo, YBbI, ,n:oKa3bIBaIOT co ,n:HH Ha ,n:eHh KaK oqeBII,n:HoCTb ,n:eJia, TaK II o6:rn;IIrr
KpIIK Hapo,n:a, IIO,[{HIIMaIO:rn;IIHCH co B3,[{0XaMII II CJie3aMII K He6y' -

B HaIIIII

,n:HII, roBopIIM co cKop6b10, rrpaBo, rropyqeHHOe oxpatte ero Meqa, B ,n:eJiax
CJiy)KIITeJierr u.epKBII II rocy,n:apCTBa, paCIIIIHaeTCH IIM caMIIM II ero KJieBpeTaMII, pa3tty3,n:aHHbIMII ,n:oHeJib3H; CTpax )Ke DO)KIIH 3a6bIT' II ,n:eHHIIH CIIII HBAAIOT
HeIICTOBCTBa H3bPIHIIKOB II HBHO OCKop6JIHIOT Bepy xpIICTIIaHcKyIO. Be,n:b OH II
ero rrpIICIIeIIIHIIKII, BpbIBaHCb CBHTOTaTCTBeHHO II HaCIIJibCTBeHHO B pa3Hbie
u;epKBM, 6pocaJIM, -

0 qeM CTpaIIIHO rro,n:yMaTb M Ha qTo He.7Ib3H MOJiqa, 6e3

co.n:poraHIIH, rJIH,n:eTb, caMoe TeJio

f ocrro.n:a

6pocaJIII BeJIIIqall:rny10 u.epKBM Eo)KIIerr CBHTbIHIO,

Ramero l1IIcyca XpIICTa, 6pocaJIII, Ko:rn;yttcTBeHHo cxBa-

TIIB .n:apoxpaHIITCJibHIIU.Y' Ha 3CMJIIO, KaK BC:rn;b o6bI,[{CHHYIO. [)laJiee] .n:a)Ke
CBH:rn;eHHIIKII, u;epKOBHbIC JIIO,[{M II MOHaXII npocTbIX, -

He roBOpH y)Ke 0 MIIpHHax II

crraca10:rn;IIeCH B u.epKOBb DO)KIIIO K caMoMy rrpecT6Jiy, rrocJie

IIOXII:rn;eHIIH qarn II u.epKOBHbIX yKparneHMH IIO,n:BepraIOTCH )l,a)Ke BO BpeMH
6orocJiy)KeHIIH orpa6JieHIIIO BIIJIOTb .n:o HII)KHero IIJiaTbH, II36IIBaIOTCH II rropoll:
y6IIBaIOTCH; aJITapII o6Ha)KaIOTCH, 6arrTIICTepIIII B3JiaMbIBaIOTCH II u.epKBII rro.n:)KIIraIOTCH, ITOCJie Toro KaK co CBHTOTaTCTBeHHbIM .n:ep3HOBeHIIeM TIOXII:rn;eHbl Be:rn;II 6e,n:HbIX M 6oraTbIX, IlOJIO)KeHHbie TaM Ha coxpaHeHIIe; u.epKOBHbie
cy,n:blI II CBeTCKIIe BJiaCTlI 3a npaBocy.n:IIe, OKa3aHHOe )KaJI06:rn;IIKaM, HerrpaBOcy,n:HO HaKa3bIBaIOTCH; qecTHbie )Ke IIepeII, TIOCTaBJieHHbie KaHOHIIqecKII, corJiaCHO u;epKOBHOMy 06b1qa10, MeCTHbIM enIICKOTIOM, HII3JiaraIOTCH, a Ha IIX
MeCTO 3JioyrroTpe6JieHIIeM BJiaCTII CBeTCKOH CTaBHTCH HeqeCTHbie, KOTOpbie IIOCBH:rn;eHbI HeII3BeCTHO KeM.
KpoMe Toro, coBeprnaIOTCH 6ecKoHeqHbie .n:pyrIIe neqaJibHbie rrpecTyrrJieHIIH, KOTOpbIX BIIOJIHe He OIIIICaTb HII B KaKIIX cpoJIMaHTaX ...

M,

qT06b1 Tenepb MoJiqaTb 06 ocTaJibHbIX rrpeCTyrrJieHIIHX BbIIIIeHa3BaH-

Horo KOpO.lIH, OH CBepIIIIIJI HeqTo BeCbMa TH)KKOe, qero HeJib3H CKpbITb HlIKaKIIM BlIJIHHIIeM: OH MHoroKpaTHO OCKBepHHJI o6:rn;IIH 3eMCKIIH MIIp, CKperrJieHHbIH npIIcHrorr KaK ero caMoro, TaK II )KMTeJierr repMaHcKoro KopoJieBCTBa, 3HaTHbIX II rrpoCTbIX, HeCH HaCIIJIIIe II pa3opeHIIe II COBeprneHHO He
co6JIIO,[{aH TaK)Ke rrpIICH)KHbIX .n:oroBopoB Me)K,n:y HMM II HaMII 0 coxpaHeHIIII
rrpaB Harnett: u.epKBII.
C0Beprn11JI TaK)Ke CBHTOTaTCTBO, rrpIIKa3bIBaH xBaTaTh rrpeJiaToB, KJIHpIIKOB, MOHaXOB II [npIIIIIICaHHbIX K u.epKBII] MIIpHH; KpOMe Toro, MHoro II3,llaJI
OH CTaTyTOB II BBeJI 06b1qaeB Ha rro,n:pbIB u.epKOBHOH CB06o,n:e, )KeJiaH rro.n:qIIHIITb u;epKOBb pa6cTBY II rocy,n:apCTBeHHbIM IIOBIIHHOCTHM, OT KOTOpbIX OHa
BIIOJIHe OCB060)K,[{eHa, II ~o e:rn;e TH)KeJiee:

y

errIICKOIIOB II rrpeJiaTOB, .n:o6IIBa-

401
IOil]JIXCH np1rna,z:v1e)Kall];IIX IIM npaB, OH MCTopraeT 6oJibIIIIIe .n.apbl Mep3KOH
CIIMOHIIII; ,ll,a)Ke, "'ITO Bcero xy)Ke, COBepIIIeHHO OTKa3bIBaeT MM B npaBe, eCJIII
OHM Hanepe.n. He .n.a.n.yT II He Ha3Ha"l!aT eMy "'ITO-JIII6o II3 CBOero IIMyIIJ;eCTBa II
H3 BJia.n.emiii cBoeii l.lepKBII. I·lTaK, 6Jiaro.n.ap.s:1 eMy, KaK 6b1 rJiaBHOMy roHIITeJIIO l.lepKBII, M3BpaIIJ;aeTCH l.lepKOBHblll "'IIIH II OCJia6JI.HeTCH OCHOBa l.lepKOBHOH ,ll,IICI.lIInJIIIHbl.
TaK)Ke, npoTIIB Bora II cnpaBe,ll,JIIIBOCTII, CJIOBHO ce.s:1TeJib HecorJiaCIIH,
MHOroKpaTHO nbITaJICH OH, 6e3 pa3yMHOH npM"'IIIHbl, nocpe,ll,CTBOM XIITpOCTII,
o6MaHa M HeKIIX ,ll,bHBOJibCKIIX K03Heii, JIII IIIIITb 3BaHIIH, no"l!eCTeii, IIMyIIJ;eCTBa II npaB KHH3eii fepMaHIIII, KaK .ll.YXOBHbIX, TaK II CBeTCKIIX, apxIIenIICKOnOB, enMCKOnOB, npeJiaTOB, repl.lOfOB, MapKrpacpoB, rpacpoB M 6apOHOB; II
B03HaMepIIJICH IICTpe6MTb B KOpeHb KHH3eii, ..
11 BOT' no roJiocy co6cTBeHHOH COBeCTII II no MHOroKpaTHOMy npII3bIBY
CJiaBHeHIIIIIX KHH3eii fepMaHIIII, KOTOpbIM BMeCTe c HaMII npIIHa,ll,Jle)KIIT npaBO
H36paHIIH KopoJIH, 6y.n.yIIJ;ero IIMnepaTopa, B 3a60Tax Jie)KaIIJ;eii Ha Hae 06.s:13aHHOCTII HaMe,ll,HII peIIIIIJIII: He TOJibKO BbIIIIeHa3BaHHbIX KHH3eii, HO II caMoro
KOpOAA, pa.n.II BOCCTaHOBJieHIIH CBHTOfO MMpa, pa.n.II B0306HOBJieHIIH corJiaCIIH,
pa.n.II 6JiaronOJIY"'IMH rocy.n.apCTBa II 6Jiara Bceii 3eMJIII, C03BaTb Ha
eCJIII 3TO He npa3,ll,HII"l!Hblll ,ll,eHb, a IIHa"'Ie -

15

IIIOHH,

B 6JIII)KaHIIIIIH Henpa3,ll,HII"l!Hblll

,ll,eHb *' B KaKOH OHII HenpeMeHHO co6JiafOBOJIHT HBIITbCH B MaiiHI.l ,ll,JIH o6cy)K,ll,eHIIH II peIIIeHIIH o cMyrnx M HaCTpoeHIIHX l.lapcrna, focno.n.y Eory Ha yTe. IIIeHIIe, II JIIO,ll,HM Ha nOJib3Y. 11TaK, Kor.n.a npII6JIII3IIJICH BbIIIIeHa3BaHHblll
' cpoK II 6bIJI npo,ll,OJI)KeH ,ll,O KaHyHa CBHTOfO 11oaHHa KpeCTIITeJI.s:1**' BCJie,ll,CTBIIe ynopHoro YKJIOHeHIIH KOpOJIH II OTCYTCTBIIH HeKOTOpbIX KypcpIOpCTOB,
cmrnlib1e KHH3bH, a IIMeHHo: rocno.n.IIH A.n:b6epT, repl.lor CaKCOHIIII, 3a ce6.s:1
: H 3a cJiaBttoro J110.n.oBIIKa, ncpaJibl.lrpacpa PeiiHcKoro, II rocno.n.MH 0TTOH ~co
: CTpeJioii~, rocno,ll,IIH feHpIIx II rocno,ll,IIH fepMaH, MapKrpacpb1 EpaH.n.ett6yprf

CKIIe, M MHOrIIe .n.pyrIIe KHH3bH, rpacpbl II 6a pOHbl fepMaHIIII 3aO,ll,HO c

~

HaMII* * *, a MbI 3aMeIIJ;aeM .n.ocTono"l!TettHoro OTI.la BIIK6aJih,ll,a, CBHToii

· KeJihHCKoii l.lepKBII apxIIenIIcKona, paBHO II npeCBeTJioro rocy.n.ap.s:1 B.s:1-qecJiaBa, KOpOJIH 1.JeXIIII, no cnel.lIIaJibHOMY nopy"'IeHIIIO CIIX KHH3eii II B CMJIY nepe.n.aHHbIX IIMII HaM HeorpaHII"'IeHHbIX nOJIHOMO"'IMH, B yKa3aHHOe BpeMH MB
yKa3aHHOM MeCTe, B o6IIJ;eM II B "'IaCTHOCTHX COIIIJIIICb Ha BbIIIIeyKa3aHHOM II
Ha HII)KeCJie,ll,yIOIIJ;eM.
Ilo paccMoTpeHIIII II TIIJ;aTeJibHOM o6cJie,ll,OBaHIIII KHH3bHMII II MHbIMII 6brnIIIIIMII HaJIIII.lO MY.ll.PbIMII JIIO,ll,bMII, BbIIIIeHa3BaHHblll KOpOJib A,.n.oJibcp, BCJie,ll,CTBMe ycTHbIX CBII,ll,eTeJibCTB O"l!eHb MHOHIX "'IeCTHbIX JIIO,ll,ell M .n.pyrIIx 3aKOHHbIX

* 15 HIOH51 B 1298 ro.z:w KaK pa3 npttIIIJIOCb Ha BOCKpecettbe,
** 23 HIOH51.
*** T.e. c apxnem1cKonoM fepraptl,oM.

402
,n:aHHbIX, OKa3aJIC51 51BHO H .z:t:OITO.z:t:JIHHHO 3aMernaHHblM B YITOM51HYTblX 6ecqHHCTBaX H ITpecTyITJieHH51X. CBepx Toro, KOpOJib 3TOT 6bIJI HaiI,n:eH He,n:ocTaToqHbIM H 6ecITO.lle3HbIM ,lI)ill CTO.llb Be.llHKOI'O rrpaB.lleHmr H CTO.llb Be.llHKOH B.llaCTH,
KaK 3TO ,n:oKa3aJia TH)KeJiaH, Bee 6oJiee II 6oJiee pa3pacTaBrnaHcH ITO BceiI
fepMaHHH 6paHHa51 cMyTa, 6e3yMHO Bb13BaHHa51 HM caMHM Hero JIIO.z:t:bMH, T.e.
TeMH, KOTOpbie CKOpee ,n:OJI)l{HbI 6hIJIH ee ynIIIIHTb.
IloceMy, ITOcJie TlllaTeJibHOro paccy)K.z:t:eHIDf c Kypip10pcTaMII, eITHCKOITaMH,
ITpeJiaTaMH, repu:oraMH, rpa<PaMH, 6apoHaMH II BceMH My,n:phIMH, 3.z:i:ecb Haxo.z:t:HillHMIIC51, ITO 06I11eMy perneHHIO, BO.lie Bcex II e,n:IIHO.z:t:YIIIHOMY corJiaCHIO Bcex
TeX, Koro 3TO KacaeTC51, BbIIIIeHa3BaHHOro rOCITO.z:t:IIHa A,n:o.11h<Pa, KOTOpbIH
OKa3aJI ce651 CTOJib He,n:OCTOHHbIM KOpOJieBCKOH BJiaCTII II KOTOpbIH 3a CBOH
3Jio,n:eiicrna II ITpoqIIe ,n:eJia OTBeprHyT EoroM, MbI JIIIrnaeM u:apcrna u:apCTByeT 6oJiee! -

.n:a He

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KaK KOpOJIIO.
ll,aHo B MaiIHu;e B ro.n:

1298,

B KaHyH CB.s:ITOro lfoaHHa KpeCTrrTeJI.s:I.

X. CY,ZJ;
NQ 110. rpa<t>cKHH: cy,zi; (807)
Bo IIM51 focITo,n:He. Kor.n:a CH5ITe.11hHbIH My)]{ BIIH<!>pH,n:, peTIIHCKIIH rpaip,
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IIMeHH Pore.11bM II 3a.s:IBIIJI eMy, qTo y Hero ITPOTIIB03aKOHHO OTH51.llH ero 3eMJIIO (mansus), KOTOpa51 .z:t:OCTaJiaCb eMy c )KeHIIHOH CTOpOHbl, eMy II <DJiaBHHy,
II 3eMJI51 3Ta 6bIJia ero co6cTBeHHOCTbIO H ITO 3aKOHY .z:t:OJI)l{Ha 6bITb TaKOBOIO,
1I60 )KeHe ero OHa ITOIIIJia OT ITpaITpa,n:e,n:a, a IToceMy ,n:oJI)l{Ha 6hITb ero 3eM.lleiI.
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06

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r.n:e HaXO.z:t:51TC51 ,n:peBeCHbie HaCa)K,n:eHH5I; II c o,n:Hoii CTOpOHbI Me)]{ HHMII

* llomrna Pewna,
** Ilo-BHAHMOMy,

BbIIIIe Bo;:i;ettcKoro o3epa.
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403
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• JIIDLI.M. I16o eCTb M51CO JIID,neil: Ka3aJIOCb LI.O TaKOH CTerreHM o6bI"l!HbIM, "l!TO HeKTO BbIHec ero BapeHbIM Ha pbIHOK B TypHIDC, KaK KaKyID-HII6YLI.b fOBHLI.MHy .
• Ero CXBaTMJIM, OH He OTPMU:aJI CBoero rrpeCTyrrJieHM51: ero CB513aJIM M CO)l{rJIM
Ha KOCTpe. M51CO )l{e, 3apbITOe B 3eMJIID, HO"llbID .upyroil: BblpbIJI M CbeJI; ero
TaK)l{e CO)l{rJIII ...
Tor.ua B 3TMX MecTax CTaJIM rrpo6oBaTb TO, 0 "CJeM paHbIIIe HMKTO HIIKor.ua
'H He CJlblXMBaJI. MHorne BblpbIBaJIM 6eJiyID 3eMJIID Bpo.ue rJIMHbl M M3 3TOH CMecM
neKJIII ce6e XJie6hI, "l!T06bI XOTb TaK crraCTMCb OT rOJIOLI.HOH CMepTM. B 3TOM
6bllla IIX IIOCJieLI.HIDI Ha,Ue)l{,[{a Ha crraceHIIe, HO II OHa OKa3aJiaCb TIIJ;eTHOH. I16o
JIHU:a MX 6JieLI.HeJIII M xyuemr; y 6oJihIIIMHCTBa KO)Ka rryxJia M ttarn:nrnaJiaCb.
CaMbIH roJioc y 3TMX JIIDLI.eii: ,neJiaJIC51 TaK cJia6, tITO ttarroMMHaJI co6oID ITMCK
H3JJ:bIXaIDIIJ;MX IITMU:. I1 Tor.ua BOJIKM, rrpMBJielleHHbie TpyrraMM, OCTaBIIIMMMC51

408
II3-3a MHO)l(eerna ITOKOHHIIKOB HeITorpe6eHHbIMII, eTaJIH JJ:eJiaTb eBoeii A06blqeii
mo.n;eii, qero y)l(e AaBHO He 6bIJIO.

I1

TaK KaK HeB03MO)l(HO 6bIJIO, KaK Mbl eKa-

3aJIH, II3-3a MHoroq11eJ1eHHOeTII ITOrpe6aTb Ka)l(JJ:Oro ITOKOHHIIKa B OTJJ:eJibHOeTH, B HeKOTOpbIX MeeTax JIIOJJ:II 6oro60513HeHHble pbIJIII 51Mbl, a HapoA Ha3blBaJI
IIX ~eBaJIKaMII~. B STIIX HMax xopOHIIJIII epasy
ITOB, eKOJibKO Boiit1:eT.

I1

500

II JJ:a)l(e eme 6oJibllle Tpy-

BaJIIIJIH ryAa TPYITbI 6es BeHKoro ITOPHJJ:Ka, ITonyHa-

rIIe, 6es eaBaHoB; JJ:a)l(e ITepeKpeeTKII .n;opor II IIOJIH, m1meHHbie )l(HIIBbH, IIIJm
ITO.ll KJiat1:6IIma. ECJIII )Ke r.n.e rrpoHocIIJieH

ayx,

qTO 6y.n.eT nyqIIIe, KOJib yiiJJ:eIIIb

B ,n;pyrIIe MeeTa, [OHM IIIJIII], HO MHOfIIe B ITYTII, oena6eB, yMIIpaJIII. CBIIpeITeTBOBaJI STOT y)l(aeHbIH fOJIOA ITO BeeH: 3eMJie B Mepy rpexoB qeJIOBeqeeKHX u:eJlblX TPII rot1:a. Ha tty)l(JJ:bI 6et1:Hb1x paeTPaqeHbI 6bIJIII Bee u:epKOBHbie eoKpOBIIma, neqepITaHbI Bee BKJiaJJ:bI, ITOHaqany ITpet1:HasHaqeHHb1e eornaetto rpaMoTaM
Ha

no

.n.eno. Ho TaK KaK Mepa npaBeJJ:HOii MeeTII Eo)l(IIeii He 6brno

YAOBJieTBOpeHa, TO B 6oJibllIIIHeTBe MeeT JJ:a)l(e u:epKOBHblX eoKpOBIIIUHIIU: He
XBaTaJIO Ha HY)l(,l(bl 6et1:erny10mnx. JIIOJJ:II, IICTOIUeHHbie ITPOAOJl)l(IITeJibHbIM
ronot1:0M, eenn IIM yJJ:aBanoeb HaeeTbeH, paeITyxaJin II TOTqae )Ke yMIIpaJIH.
,l{pyrIIe )Ke, ITPIIKaeaHeb pyKaMH K ITHme II ITbITaHeb ITOJJ:HeeTII ee KO pry, ITaAaJIII B lI3HeMO)l(eHIIH, 6y.n.yqII He B eIIJiaX HeITOJIHIITb eBoe )l(eJiaHIIe.

NQ 116. Ha6el'H Ha HMnepHro B X B.
A.

3aTeM OH [feHpIIx IlTIIu;enoB] BeTyITIIJI e BoiieKoM B ,l{aHIIIO, ITPH ITep-

BOM )Ke eTOJIKHOBeHIIII HaeTOJlbKO yCTpanrnJI KOPOJI5l fopMa, qTO TOT o6513aJie5l
IIeITOJIHHTb Bee ero noBeJieHIIH II yttII)l(eHHO ITpoeIIJI MIIpa. TaK f eHpIIX Ilo6eJJ:OHOeHbIH yeTaHOBIIJI rpaHIIU:Y u:aperna eBoero y ilIJie3BHra ... noeaAHJI TaM
MapKrpacpa II BeJieJI 6bITb TaM eaKeOHeKOMy noeeJieHIIIO.

Ii. 32. l1

BOT onHTb

[924 r.]

BeHrpb1 pa3JIIIJIIIeb ITO see:H: CaKeoHIIII,

ITpet1:aBaH OfHIO ropo,n;a II IToeeJieHIIH, ITpOII3BO.ll,51 ITOBeIOJJ,y TaKoe II36IIeHIIe,
qTo yrpo)l(aJio ITOJIHoe o6esmo.n:eHIIe. focy.n:aph )Ke [feHpn:x IlTIIU:eJioB] saITepeH B eTeHax ropo.ll,a Werlao*' II6o He JJ:OBepHJI OH CBOeMy eme HeOilbITHOMY BoiicKy, He rrpnBbIKIIIeMy K rrpaBIIJihHoii BoiiHe, .n:a eme c TaKHM rposHbIM Hapo.ll,OM.

A

CKOJib BeJIIIKOe II36IIeHIIe ITPOII3BeJIII OHII B TY nopy' II

CKOJib MHOI'O MoHaeTbipe:H: OHII ITO)l(I'JIH, 06 STOM cq11TaeM JiyqIIIe yMOJiqaTb,
qeM Boso6HOBJI51Tb eJioBaMn 6bIJibie 6et1:CTBHH. Ho JJ,OBeJioCb cxBaTHTb HeKoero KHH35l BeHrpoB, eBH3aTb ero n ITp1rnecn1 K KopoJIIO. Bettrpbr )Ke TaK
JII06IIJIH STOfO KH51351, qTo ITpeJJ:JIO)l(IIJIII 3a Hero BbIKYIT -

HeeqeTHOe MHO-

)l(eCTBO soJioTa n cepe6pa. KopoJib )Ke rrpeHe6per 30JIOTOM, a ITOTpe6oBaJI
MIIpa II HaKOHeu: A06HJIC51, qTo 3a BbIJJ:aqy ITJieHHHKa II 3a IIOJJ:apKII yCTaHaBJilrnaJIC5l MHp Ha AeB5ITb JieT.

*

BnocJie;:J;CTBMM 3anycTeJI; HaXO;:J;MJIC.H B6JIM3M rocIIapa.

409

c

35.

TaK KOpOJib feHpHX IlOJIY'llIJI MHp OT BeHrpoB Ha ueJiblX ,neB.HTb JieT.

KaKOIO My,npoCTblO OH CTOHJI Ha CTpa)l(e OTeqeCTBa, yKpenJIHH ero H IIOKO-

'PAA BapBapCKHe Hapo,nbI,

-

CKa3aTb BbIIIIe Hamrrx CHJI, HO MQJiqaTb 06 3TOM

:Mbl HHKOHM o6pa30M He MO)l(eM.
llbIX MHHHCTepHaJIOB~

* B3HJI

A

HMeHHO. Ilpe)l(,ne BCero OH H3 ~rroceJieH­

Ka)l(.n:oro ,neBHTOro H 3aCTaBIIJI HX )l(HTb B [yK-

'perrJieHHbIX] ropo.n:ax, c TeM qTo6bI Ka)l(AbIH H3 HHX .n:m1 CBOHX BOCbMH TOBapmuell: ycTpOIIJI BoceMb o6IITaJIIIlll; II noJiyqaJI TpeTblO qacTb BCHKOro ypo)l(aH
H xpaHlIJI ee; OCTaJibHbie )Ke BOCbMepo ce.HJIH, )l(aJIH II co6HpaJIH ITJIO.ll:bl H AAA
,ii;eBHTOro H 6epenrn HX B Ha,nJie)l(alll;eM MecTe. BC.HKIIe CXOAKH, c6opHlll;a II
npa3.n;Hecrna oH rrpIIKa3hIBaJI crrpaBJI.HTb B 3THX ropo.n:ax. Ha.n: rrocTpoeHIIeM
HX TPYAIIJIIICb ,neHHO II HOlll;HO, .n:a6bI B MIIpHoe BpeMH HayqaTbCH TOMy, qTO
npH,neTcH ,neJiaTb rrpoTHB Bpara B MHHYTY orracHoCTII. KpoMe 3TIIX ropo,n:oB,
.yKperrJieHIIH JIII6o Boo6me He 6bIJIO, JIII6o 6bIJIII IIJIOXIIe.

N2 117. Ilepuhl:H «HMnepcKH:H MHp»
B ro.n: oT BoIIJIOlll;eHHH focrro.n:a

1103 IIMuepaTop

feHpIIx B Mall:Hue CKpe-

IlIIJI CBoell: pyKoll: MIIp II ycTaHOBIIJI, TaK)l(e pyKy rrpIIJIO)l(HJIH apxHeIIIICKoIIbI
H eIIHCKOilbl. IlpIIHec rrpHCHry CbIH KOpOJI.H H rrepBbie JIIOAII BCero KOpOJieB. CTBa, repuorII, MapKrpacpbI, rpacpb1 II MHOrIIe .n:pyrIIe. fepuor BeJibcp, repuor
BepxToJib.ll: II repuor cI>pII,npIIx rrpHHeCJIII rrpIICHry 3TOMY MIIpy .n:o IlHTII,neC.HTHIIUbI H 3aTeM Ha

4

ro.n:a. IlpHHeCJIH rrpMcHry Ha MHp uepKBaM, KJIIIpIIKaM,

M:OHaxaM, MHp.HHaM, KaK-TO: KyrruaM, )l(eHlll;HHaM, He rroxmuaTb HX HaCIIJIH( eM, II eBpeHM.
IlpHCHra TaKOBa: HHKTO .n:a He Harra,n:eT Ha qei1:-JIH6o ,noM, He pa30pHeT

f

!fiO)l(apoM, He 3aXBaThIBaeT H3-3a .n:etter, He paHHT, He 6heT, He y6HBaeT. A KTO

! c,zi:eJiaeT 3TO, TepHeT nia3a RJIH pyKy. EcJIH KTO ero 6y,n:eT 3alll;Hlll;aTh, rroHe! CeT TO )Ke HaKa3aHHe. EcJIH y6e)l(IIT B 3aMOK, TO rrpHCHrttyBIIme MHpy, OCa,ll;IIB
! ero,

qepe3

3

AHH BOIOIOT ero. EcJIII KTO yll:,n:eT OT Kapbl, TO 6eHecpHUHH, ecJIH

TaKOBOH y Hero eCTb, OT6HpaeTCH ceHbOpOM, a BOTqHHa OTXO,ll;HT K ero po,n:cTBeHHRKaM. EcJIII KTO yKpa.n;eT Ha

5

coJIH.ZJ:OB HJIH 6oJihIIIe, Tep.HeT r Jia3a HJIH

pyKy. EcJIH yKpa,n:eT MeHhIIIe, qeM Ha

5 coJIH.ZJ:OB,

JIHIIIHTC.H BoJioc, 6y.n:eT ce-

'leH p03raMH lI OT,n:acT yKpa.n;eH Hoe; H ecJIH TpH)l(Abl rrpOII3Be,n:eT TaKOe BOpoBCTBO liJIII rpa6e)I(, Te pHeT rJia3a HJIH pyKy. EcJIH B .n:opore BCTpeTHTCH Te6e
. TBOH Bpar II Thi MO)l(eIIIb Bpe,n:IITb eMy, Bpe,zi:H; eCJIH y6e)l(HT B qe:ii-JIH60 .ZJ:OM
HJIH .ll:BOp, rrycTb OCTaHeTCH HeBpe,n:HM.
3TOH rrpIIc.srroii .n:py3b.H KOpOJIH IIOJib3YIOTCH KaK III.HTOM, BparaM >Ke HM

. B KOeM CJiyqae OHa He IIOMOraeT.

* Milites agrarii

B rrpoTHBOITOJIO:>KHOCTb ~ropo,ZJ,OBbIM~ CJIY:>KHJibIM

(milites burgenses).

410

N2 118. «HMnepcKHil MHP» <l>pH,ZJ;pHXa I
<l>plIJJ.pHx, Em1rneii MMJIOCTbIO PHMCKHH HMnepaTOp H Bcer.n;a CBRill,eHHbIH.
Ilo o6R3aHHOCTH HMnepaTOpCKOfO CJiy)l(eHHR Mbl AOJI)l(Hbl no Been Harnett
HMrrepHR rrpe;::i;rrRebrnaTh Mllp, eoo6pa3HO e HY)l(AOH H rroJIO)l(eHHeM rrpoBMHu,11ii, a rrpeArrrreaB, oxpaHRTb ero ttarneii BJiaeThIO. l1TaK, KOrAa B nepBoe BOCKpeeettbe BeJIHKoro nocTa ... MbI BoeeeAaJIH AJIR cyAa B ropoAe Beiieeett6ypre, rrpwreM rrp11 Hae eHAeJIH KHR3bR H 3HaTHbie TOM 3eMJIH, a CTORJIH MHHJieTeprraJibl H JIIO)l;:Ii TOM 3eMJIH H Bee BMeeTe XOTeJIH .n:peBnero MHpa,
yCTattoBJienttoro narnJIM rrpeArnecTBeHHHKOM, KapJioM, 6o)l(eeTBennhIM aBryeToM; Mbl ero B0306HOBIIJIII II npHKa3aJIH e 6JIJI)l(aMIIIeM I1aex11, B Te1Iett11e
ABYX JieT, nenapyrnrrMo xpanHTb. CoAep)l(aHRe )Ke ero TaKOBo:

1.

CeJieHM, )l(JITeJIR RX KJIRpHKH, MottaxH, )l(eHill,HHhI, KynU.bI, 3eMJieAeJib-

IJ.bI, MeJibHMIJ,bl, eBpell, IIOA1IHHeHHbie HMrrepaTopeKoMy cpHCKY, OXOTHHKH 11
3BepOJIOBbl. .. BO BeRKHM AeHb .n:a nOJib3YIOTCR MHpOM, KpOMe TeX, KOTOpbie
eTaBRT eeTH MJIH 3aKJiaAblBaIOT KarrKaHhI; 3TH HHrAe H HHKOrAa He .l(OJI)l(HbI
IIMeTb MHpa.

2.

.

ECJIH KTO HMeeT Bpara, KOTOporo X01IeT npecJieAOBaTb, TO rrycTb rrpe-

eJieAyeT ero na rroJie, 6e3 BpeAa AJIR ero 11Mymeerna, H eeJIH 3axBaTHT, TO
rryeTb TOT1Iac rrpeAeTaBHT ero eyAhe AAA eyAa. EeJIH npecJie.n;yeMhIM npn6e)l(HT
K IIJiyry, Ha MeJibHMIJ.Y HJIH B AepeBHIO, TO IIOJIY1IaeT IIOJIHbIM MHp.

3.

IlpeeJieAOBaTb )Ke Bpara MO)l(HO TOJibKO B orrpeAeJieHHbie AHH HeAeJIH,

HMeHno

II, III, IV

AO 3axo.n;a eoJinu,a. B Te1Iem1e ocTaJihHbIX 1IeTbipex AHeli

nyeTb Bpar HMeeT IIOJIHblM MHp.

4.

EcJIII KTO-JIH6o rrpecJieAyeT 6erymero Bpara AO rroceJIKa, II BHeceT ero B

noeeJIOK eTpeMHTeJibHOeTb KOHR, a He co6cTBeHHaJI BOJIR, TO B BOpOTax rroeeJIKa nyeTb OT6pocHT KOIIbe II opy)l(ne, OT KOTOporo eMO)l(eT OCB060AHTbeR; B rroeeJIKe )Ke OH AOJI)l(eH IIOATBepAHTb npHeRro:M:, 1ITO norraJI B Hero He no eo6eTBeHHOM BOJie, a no CTpeMHTeJibHOCTH KOHR; 1rna1Ie 6yAeT HapyIIIJITeJieM Mnpa.

5.

ECJIII KTO HapyIIIHT 3TOT MI1p y6HMeTBOM, TO, eeJIH 6yAeT IIOMMaH, IIOA-

BeprHeTeR cMepTHOM Ka3HH. EcJIH Koro paHIIT -

6.

OTHHMYT pyKy.

EcJIH o6BJIHReMhIM, coBepIIIHB 3JIOAeRHne, y6e)l(HT, TO rrycTb 6yAeT

npH3bIBaTbCR Ha cyA TPH)l(AhI, c npoMe)l(yTKaMH no

14

AHeM. EcJIH RBHT-

CR, rryCTb 01IHCTHTCR caM-CeM, eCJIH TOJibKO KTO-JIH6o H3 APY3eM y61noro
IIJIH paHeHoro He rro)l(eJiaeT Bbl3BaTh ero Ha noeAHHOK. EcJIH o6BMHHeMbIH
6y.n;eT rro6e)l(.ZJ:eH, TO KOJIH OH y6HMIJ,a JIJIJI KpOBb -

7.

IIOBeeHTb, KOJIH OH TOJlbKO rrpo-

JIHIIIHTb PYKH.

EcJIH y6HMIJ,a IIJIH qJieHoBpeAHTeJib 6yAeT 3axBa1IeH Ha MecTe H 6yAeT

yrnep)l(.l(aTb, 1ITO c.n;eJiaJI 3TO, 3allJ,HllJ,aJI CBOIO )l(II3Hb, TO IIyCTb 01IHCTHTCR caMeeM c A06pbIMH H 1IeCTHbIMH My)l(aMJI, eeJIH TOJibKO .n;pyr y6HTOrO HJIH paHeHOrO He 3aX01IeT o6JIH1IIITb ero rroeAIIHKOM.

411
9.

EcJIM JIMXO,ll;eM, 3aKOHHhIM o6pa3oM BhI3BaHHbie B cy.Zl:, B TPM .Zl:BYXHe-

p;eJihHbIX cpoKa, npe3pHT HBIITbCH, TO, KpoMe o6BIIHHeMoro, nO,ll;BepraIOTCH
'OIIaJie yKpbIBaTeJIII II coyMbIIIIJleHHIIKII, eCJIII TOJibKO OHII He oqIICTHTCH OT 3TO:ro o6BIIHeHIIH e,Zl;IIHOJIIIqttoH: npIIcHroH:. Cy.ll:hII, npoII3HecH onaJiy Ha JIMXO,Zl;eea, ,ll;OJIJKHbl HBIITbCH nepe,Zl; IIMnepaTopoM M npOCMTb ero, qTo6hI OH, MIIJIOC,Tlrneu:' CBoeH: BJiaCTbIO HaJIO)KIIJI Ha HMX onaJiy. 0HII JKe caM-CeM ,Zl;OJI)KHbl
/J.O Ka3aTb, qTo TPM ,Zl;BJXHe,Zl;eJibHbIX cpoKa ,ll;eHCTBMTeJibHO 6bIJIM ,Zl;aHbl M npM'TOM no 3aKOHY.

10.

ECJIII JKe OnaJibHbie npo6y,Zl;yT B MMnepaTOpCKOH onaJie fO,Zl; II ,Zl;eHh, TO

6y.Zl:yT BHe 3aKOHa M JIMIIIeHbl Bnpe,ll;b BCHKOfO npaBa M He 6y,ll;yT MMeTb HIIKa'ICoro npaBa HM Ha 6etteqmu;MM, HM Ha aJIJIO,ll;bl. TaKMX onaJibHblX HM MMnepaTop, HM .Zl:pyroH: CJ,ll;bH He ,ll;OJIJKeH OCB060JK,ll;aTb OT onaJibl paHbIIIe, qeM Y.ll:OBJiernopHT MCTU:a.

.

11. HapyrnMTeJib MIIpa, Bbl3BaHHblH CJ,ll;beH Ha cy,Zl;, ,Zl;OJIJKeH npIIHTM TOJib30 MyJKaMM - He 6oJihllle ,Zl;Ba,Zl;U:aTM ,Zl;eBHTM, qTo6br caM OH 6bIJI TpM,ll;-

KO c

u;aTbIH; Bee OHM ,Zl;a He HOCHT ,Zl;pyroro opyJKMH, KpoMe Meqa ...

13.

ECJIM nyTHMKY Ha KOHe Heo6XO,ll;MMO noKOpMMTb KOHH, TO nyCTb no-

. CTaBMT 0.Zl:HY Rory Ha ,Zl;Opore II cepnoM IIJIM HOJKOM cpeJKeT, CKOJibKO HJJKHO,
3JiaKOB M no,Zl;KpenMT KOHH CBOero Ha ,ll;Opore, HO HMqero c co6oH: He YB03MT;
TpaBy JKe MOJKeT He KOCMTb, HO nycTMTb JIOIIIa,Zl;b Ha caMbIH Jiyr II naCTM,
CKOJihKO HYJKHO. Krn nocTynMT MHaqe, 6y,Zl;eT HapyrnMTeJieM MMpa.

14.

KpeCTbHHe M JIIO,ll;M MX COCTOHHMH, BbIXO,Zl;51 3a OKOJIMU:y, ,Zl;a He HOCHT

.npyroro opyJKMH, KpoMe Meqa. B ceJieHMHX JKe nycTb He HOCHT HM MeqeH:, HM
.npyroro opyJKMH. B ,ll;OMax JKe nycTh MMeIOT KaKoe yro,ll;HO opyJKMe, TaK qTo
eCJIM CY.ll:bH 6y,ll;eT HYJK.Zl:aTbCH B MX nOMOill;M ,Zl;JIH BOCCTaHOBJieHMH HapyrneHHoro MMpa, OHII OKa3aJIMCb 6b1 fOTOBbIMM, c opyJKMeM, TaK KaK B 3TOM OHM
o6H3aHbl IIOBMHOBaTbCH CJ,ll;be, coo6pa3HO c ero npMKa3aHMeM M o6CTOHTeJib CTBaMM ,Zl;eJia.

16.

IloCTaHOBJIHeM TaKJKe M rrpe,ll;IIMCbIBaeM MMrrepaTOpCKOH BJiaCTbIO KHH-

. 3MIM, 3HaTHbIM, CB060,Zl;HbIM II MMHIICTepMaJiaM rrpecJie,ll;OBaTb rpa6MTeJieH,
pa360HHMKOB, BOpOB, ci>aJibIIIMBOMOHeTqMKOB II MX yKpbIBaTeJieH: ...

N2 119. «HM11epcKHH

MHp~

(1224?)

BoT MHp, rocrro,ll;MHOM HaIIIMM, KopoJieM feHpMxoM*, B B10pu:6ypre co
KH513bHMM ycTaHOBJieHHbIH II KJIHTBeHHO CKperIJieHHbIH.

1)

KJIMpMKM, JKeHill;IIHbI, MOHaxM, rraxapM, KYIIU:bl, 3aKOHHbie OXOTHMKM,

pb160JIOBbl, eBpeM Bcer,Zl;a M BO Bee ,ll;HM 6y,Zl;yT IIMeTb KperrKMH MMp II JIMqHo,
H B MMyru;ecrne.

', *

Cbrn <Dptt):{pttxa II, tt36paHHbIH 3aMecTHTeJieM orn:a B fepMattmL

412
2) UepKBH, rrorocThI, rn1yrH*, MeJibHHIJ;bI H ceJiemu1 BHYTPH cBoeii: orpa,n;hI 6y,n;yT HMeTb TOT )Ke MHp.
3) Bee .n;oporH, KaK Ha cyrne, TaK H Ha BO,n;e, 6y,n;yT HMeTb TOT )Ke MHp H
rrpaBO, KaKHe HMeJIH H3,n;peBJie.
4) KTo IIMeeT HBHOfO Bpara, MO)KeT no IIOHe,n;eJibHIIKaM, BTOpHIIKaM H
cpe,n;aM, IICKJIIOqaJI BbIIIIeyKa3aHHbie CJiyqaH, HaHOCHTb eMy Bpe.n; JI~HbIH, HO
He HMyIIJ;ecTBeHHbIH, He 3axBaTbIBaH ero. B qernepr, IIHTHHIJ;y, cy66oTy H B
,ZJ,eHb focno,n;eHb BCHKHH qeJIOBeK 6y,n;eT HMeTb KpenKHH MHp H B JIHqHOCTH,
H B HMyIIJ;eCTBe.
5) EcJIH KTO, rrpOTHB ycTaHOBJieHHOro MHpa, y6heT KOrO-JIH6o, nycTb 6y,n;eT Ka3HeH OTceqeHHeM roJIOBhI; ecJIH paHHT, rrycTb noTep.HeT pyKy. EcJIH Koro
y.n;apHT c npOJIHTHeM KpOBH, TO ynJiaTHT cy,n;he 60 COJIH,n;OB, a nOCTpa,n:aBrnero y,n;oBJiernopHT, no ero )KeJiaHHIO. EcJIH He HMeeT HMyIIJ;eCTBa, qeM yllJlaTHTb,
TO nycTb c Hero c.n;epyT rnKypy.
6) EcJIH KTO-JIH6o B Te ,n;HH, Kor.n;a MO)KeT Bpe,n;HTb CBOeMy Bpary, 6y,n;eT
ero npecJie,n;oBaTb, H KOHb rrpOTHB BOJIH BHeceT B orpa,n:y .n;epeBHH, TO nycTb
OT6pOCHT opy)l{He KaK rJiaBapb, TaK Hero coyqaCTHHKM; H eCJIM H3 CTpaxa 3a
ce6.H He IIOCMeeT TOTqaC npH HeCTH npHC.HfY B caMOH .n;epeBHe, rrycTb BnOCJie,n;CTBJHI nOKJIHHeTCH B rrpHCYTCTBHH cy,n;hH, qTo nonaJI Ty.n;a He no CBoeii BOJie.
7) IloxHIIJ;eHHe ,n;eBHIJ; HJIH HaCHJIHe KapaeTCH oTceqeHHeM roJIOBbI. EcJIH
BHHOBHblH CKpoeTCH, TO yKpbIBaTeJib, OT KOTOporo cy,ZJ,hH IlOTpe6yeT BbI,n;aqH
BMHOBHOro, no,n;BeprHeTCH o,n;MHaKOBOM Kape M rrpttroBopy c o6mrn.HeMbIM.
8) IlyTHHK, CTOH o,n;Hoii HoroH. Ha .n;opore, MO)KeT HO)KOM, MeqoM MJIH cepIIOM cpe3aTb XJie6, qTo6 IIOKOpMHTb CBoero KOHH, HO rrpH 3TOM m1qero He
6paTb c co6oii:. ECJIH )Ke HHaqe KaK cpe)KeT XJie6 MJIM CKOJibKO-HM6y,n;h B03bMeT c co6oH., OH - Ha PYIIIHTeJib MHpa, IIOBeCMTb BOpa.
10) KTo c,n;eJiaeTcH BparoM .n;pyroro M no)KeJiaeT o6bHBHTh eMy cpaii.n;y,
rryCTb 3aHBHT Ha 3 .n;HH paHhIIIe, qeM rrpHMeTCH np11qHHHTb eMy Bpe.n;; B rrpoTMBHOM CJiyqae 6y.n;er cqHTaTbCH HapyrnttTeJieM Mttpa H BepHOCTM.
11) KTO y6heT HJIH paHHT .n;pyroro HO)KOM, 6y,n;eT BHHOBeH B npecryrIJieHHH, KOTOpoe 30BeTCH mord.
12) HHKTO He H3fOHHeTC.H H3 BJia,n:eHHii CBOHX, ecJIM TOJibKO 3TH BJia,n:eHH.H
He OTOii,n;yT OT Hero no cy.n;y.
13) KTD 3aHBHT, qTo HapyrneH ero MHp H He ,n;oKa)KeT 3Toro rrepe.n; cy,n;heii, caM coqrercH 3a HapyrnHreJIH MHpa.
15) KTD coBeprnHr rpa6e)K, Ha3bIBaeMhIH reraup** HJIH straz raup*** MJIH
rrpecrynJieHHe, Ha3hIBaeMoe scoch****, ro no,n;BeprHeTCH yceqeHMIO roJIOBhI,

*

CM. BhIIIIe .N!• 118,2.
Orpa6Jiem1e Meprnoro.
** fpa6e:>K na 6oJihIIIoil: ,ZJ;opore.
*** Ha6er.

*

413
ecJIM 3axBa1IeHHh1ii Ha MecTe 6y.l(eT npe.l(cTaBJieH cy.l(he. EcJIM .IKe CKpoeTc.H H B
'Te1Iettne

15 ,l(Heii He .HBHTCH Ha Bbl30B

cy.l(a, 6y.l(eT 06bHBJieH OIIIeJibMOBaHHbIM.

EcJIM .IKe TaKO ro, OTbICKHBaeMoro cy.l(OM, KTO-JIH6o OCMeJIMTCH, BOnpeKM 3aKo-

. HY,

.n;ep.1KaTb y ce6H MJIM Jamm.u;aTh, TO no.l(BeprHeTcH onaJie KaK caM yKpbrna-

TeJih, TaK M JIIOOOe MecTO, B KOTOpOM OH yKpbrnaeTCH. EcJIM yKpbIBaTeJib nocJie
. cBOeii onaJibI He o6pa3YMMTCH Ha BTopoe M TPeTbe YBemattue cy.ll;bM, TO no.nseprHeTc.si O.l(MHaKOBbIM c o6BMHHeMbIM rneJ1bM0BaHMIO H npuroBopy. EcJIM .IKe 06, BMH.HeMbIR no BbI3o BY cy.ll;bll npe.l(CTaHeT Ha cy.l( M CTaHeT OTPMIJ;aTu .l(eHHHe, TO
OOBMHMTeJlh MO)J(eT ero o6mI1IMTb nocpe,l(CTBOM noe,l(MHKa, KaK caM, TaK H 1Iepe3 .n;pyroro, a o6BMH.HeMbIH 3amm.u;aeTcH J1M1IHO. EcJ1M 06BMHMTeJ1b He no.1KeJiaeT, TO o6BMH.HeMOMY npe.n;ocTaBAAeTCH 01IHUJ;eHMe caM-CeM ...

16)

Te

:>Ke,

KTO MMeeT .n;ypHyIO CJlaBy, 'ITO 30BeTCH loimunt, ,l(OnycKaIOT-

CH K 01IMiu;eHMIO TOJlbKO B ny6JIM1IHOM cy.l(e; M 01IHiu;eHMe HX cy.l(bH, no CBOeMy ycMoTpeHMIO, Mo:>KeT ycJIO:>KHHTb. EcJ1M

:>Ke

Ha,n;o .l(OKa3aTb 1IbIO-JIM6o no-

po1IHOCTb Ooimunt), TO 3TO .l(OCTMraeTCH 3aHBJieHHeM HeCKOJlbKMX M npM TOM
JIY1IllIMX JIIO,l(eR OKpyrM.

19) EcJIM KTO

IlO,l(BeprHeTCH onaJie, TO He MHa1Ie CMO:>KeT 0CB060.l(HTbCH OT

onaJibI, KaK rrpe.l(cramrn .l(Byx HJIM rpex nopyqnreJieii, KOTOpbre HMeIOT B TOM

:>Ke

OKpyre CTOJlbKO cpeo,l(aJibHbIX MJIM aJIJIO,l(MaJibHbIX BJia,l(eHHR, 1IT06bI Mor-

JIH B03MeCTMTb y6bITKM, neHIO M IIITpacp cy.l(be*.

20)

HHKTO .n;a He Bpe.l(HT CBOeMy Bpary B cponcrnax, IIOTOMY 'ITO 3TO 3a-

Be,l1.0MO u;epKOBHbie BJia,lJ.eHMJI H COCTOSIT no,lJ. noKpOBMTeJibCTBOM nanbI H HMnepaTopa; eCJIH KTO C,l(eJiaeT HHa1Ie, IIO,l(BeprHeTCSI onaJie M OTJiy1IeHMIO.

21)

EcJ1H KTo 3axBaTHT .l(pyroro He B HBHoii BoiiHe (guerra -

~cpaii.n;a~)

HJIH [3aXBaTIIT] Toro, Ha KOro He no,l(aBaJI )l(aJI06 cy,n;be, H eCJIM nJieHeHHbIR,
HeCMOTpH Ha Tpe6oBaHHH cy.l(bH, He 6y,l(eT BbmymeH, TO KaK 3aXBaT1IMKH, TaK
H MecTO IIJieHa ITO,l(BeprHyTCH onaJie.

23)

EpeTnKn, 3aKJ1MHaTeJ1n, KOJ1,ll;YHb1, .l(eiicTBMTeJlbHO H306J1n1IeHHh1e H

IlOHM:aHHbie, nO,l(BeprHyTCR ,l(OJl.IKHOMY HaKa3aHHIO no ycMOTpeHHIO cy.l(bH.

24)

Koro enncKon OTJIY'IMT, coo6mnB 06 3TOM ITHCbMeHHO MJIM ycTHO HM:ne-

paTopy MJIM KOPOJIIO, TOfO HMnepaTOp HJIH KOpOJib o6bHBHT B OIIaJie, M OT 3TOH
onaJibl o6M.l(1IMK He paHbIIIe OCB060.l(MTCH, noKa He ,l(aCT y.l(OBJieTBopeHHH.

N2 121. IlpoTHB no~raTeJie:H (1186 r.)
cDpu.l(pMx, Eo.1KueH: MHJIOCTbIO PuM:cKnil MMnepaTop ... Coo6pa:>KaH, KaKoil
ymep6 H KaKMe onycTOIIIeHHH B JIIO,l(HX H 3eMJIHX npo M30IIIJIM OT CMYT M no:>KapoB M KaKHe CTpaxn rrpoIIIJIOe HeCeT 6y.l(ymeMy, Mbl .IKeJiaeM, 1IT06bI BCeM

* T.e. Bee TPH B03MO.iKHbie <f>opMbI MaTepHaJibHoii
rocy}.lapCTBOM H OTnpaBHTe~eM npaBOCYJ.lHa.

oTBeTCTBeHHOCTH

nepe,7.l noTepneBIIIHM,

414
BepHOIIO,l{,l{aHHbIM HMrrepHH HameH: Be,n:OMO 6bIJIO, qTO c con1acm1 H COBeTa
KHH3eM H HHbIX BepHbIX HaIIIHX, KaK CB060,n:HbIX, TaK H MHHHCTepml.lIOB, Mbl

HameH: HMrrepaTOpCKOH BJiaCTbIO IIOCTaHOBHJIH ,l{JIH rro,n:aBJieHHH .n:ep30 CTH
IIO,l{)l(HraTeJieii, H IIOBeJieBaeM HaKpeIIKO co6JIIO,l{aTb TO, qTo Mbl ITOCTaHOBHJIH H yrnep,n:HJIH B 6ypre HameM HropeH6epre.

1)

IIoceMy ITpe)l(,l{e Bcero CKa)l(eM o ITO,l{)l(HraTem:1x Boo6m.e. EcJIH cB060.n:-

Hopo)l(,n:eHHbIH, CB060,n:HbIH, MHHHCTepHaJI, HJIH HHOH KaKoro 6bI TO HH 6bIJIO
COCTOHHHH yqHHHT ITO)l(ap, BCJie,l{CTBHe CBoeH: qaCTHOH cpaH:,n:bI 3a .n:pyra, 3a
po,n:cTBeHHHKa HJIH ITO CJiyqaro KaKOH-JIH60 .n:pyroH: ITpHqHHbI, ITYCTb cqHTaeTCH

TO~ac ITO,l{Bep)l(eHHbIM OITaJie ITO HMITepaTopcKoMy MHeHHIO H pemeHHIO. 11cKJIIOqaIOTCH, eCJIH KTO B OTKpbITOH BOHHe OTKpbITO 6epeT yKpeITJiemrn H ITPH
3TOM C)l(HraeT ITpe,n:MeCTb.sI, KOHIOIIIHH HJIH .n:pyrHe CTpOeHH.H, Jie)l(aIII,He ITepe.n:
yKpernieHH.HMH. 11cKJIIOqaIOTCH H cy,n:bH, KOTOpbIM ITpH,l{eTCH ITO ITOCTaHOBJieHHIO cy.n:a ITpHMeH.sITb ITPOTHB JIHXO,n:eeB Kapy CO)l()l(eHHH [,n:oMa].

3) Krn

ITpHMeT 3aBe,l{OMO ITO,l{)l(HraTeJIH B CBOeM ,l{OMe H ,n:acT eMy COBeT HJIH

ITOMOIIl,b, ITYCTb B03MeCTHT ITOTepITeBmeMy Bpe.n: H ym.ep6 ITO CBOeMy COCTOHHHIO; cy,n:he )Ke YITJiaTHT

10

MOHeT Toro OKpyra, B KOTOpOM COBepmeHo ITpe-

CTYITJieHHe, a rocy,n:apro HMITepaTopy ITO BOJie H MHJIOCTH ero.

4)

EcJIH )Ke KTO 3axoqeT ,l.{0Ka3aTb CBOIO HeBHHHOCTb B 3TOM ITpecryIIJieHHH,

TO rrycTb oqHCTHTC51 c ,n:ByMR ITpaB,l{HBbIMH My)l(aMH B ITpHCYTCTBHH cy,n:hH.

6)

focy,n:apb HMITepaTop HHKOro H3 OITaJibHbIX He OCBo6o,n:HT OT OITaJibI,

pa3Be TOT CITepBa BITOJIHe y,n:oBJieTBOpHT ITOCTpa,n:aBmero, HO c,n:eJiaB 3TO HeITpeMeHHO ITO corJiamem-110 c cy,n:beii.

7)

0ITaJibHOro )Ke, o KOTopoM BceM 6y,n:eT H3BeCTHO, qTo ITO,n:BeprcR oITa-

Jie 3a IIO,l{)l(Or, eITapXHaJibHbIH eIIHCKOIT, 6y,n:e TOT OKa)l(eTC.H HeITo,n:aTJIHBbIM,
orneprHeT OT o6m.eHH.H c uepKOBbIO Bo)l(Heii H BepHbIMH XpHcry H c,n:eJiaeT ero
«BHeIIIHHM* (extraneum idat) H He pa3pemaeT ero, ITOKa TOT He BepHeT ITOTepITeBmeMy Bcero ym.ep6a.
11 Hao6opoT' Koro eIIHCKOIT, IIOCJie BbI30Ba B 3aKOHHbie cpoKH, HCITOJIHHB
Bee, OTJiyqHT ITO qHHY lI

06

3TOM yBe,n:OMHT cy,n:hIO, Toro cy,n:b.H .n:a ITOKapaeT

CBoeH: OITaJIOH H CHHMeT ee He paHbIIIe, qeM TOT ITepe.n: JIHUOM eITHCKOITa ,n:aCT
y,n:OBJieTBOpeHHe B TOM, 3a qTo ocy)l(,n:eH.

8)

EcJIH KTO 6y,n:eT BbIIIIeCKa3aHHbIM o6pa30M OCB060)l(,l{eH OT OIIaJibI H

fOTOB 6y,n:eT ITOBHHOBaTbC.H CBOeMy eITHCKOITY' TO ITYCTb OH crrepBa ITOKJI.HHeTC.H BITpe,n:b He ITO,l{)l(llfaTb, 3aTeM ITYCTb 6y,n:eT B 6JiaroycMoTpeHHH eITHCKOITa,
KaKoe B03JIO)l(HTb Ha Hero ITOcJiymaHHe: IToceTHTb JIH rpo6 focITo,n:eHb HJIH
ITopor arrocToJia 11aKoBa.

*

TaK Ha3bIBaJIMCb B paCKOJibHH'lbeii TepMHHOJIOrHH Bee'

~corJiacmi:~.

CTOaIIJ,He BHe ,n;aHHOro

415
9)

EcmI :>Ke orran:hHbIH rro:>KeJiaeT BbIIIIeyKa3aHHbIM o6pa3oM y ,n:oBJieTBo-

, pIITb IIMIIepampy, TOr)l,a rrpo6y)l,eT BHe IIMrrepIIII ro)l, II )l,eHb.

10)
'I

EcJIII :>Ke KTO B Tel.J:eHIIe ro)l,a II )l,H51 He 6y)l,eT OCB060:>K)l,eH OT orraJibl

JI OTJIY1IeHJI51, TO rrycTb C1IIITaeTC51 JIJIIIIeHHbIM BCex rrpaB, 3eMJIII JI 3alll;HTbl 3aKOHOB, TaK l.J:TO HIIKOJIM o6pa30M He 6y)l,eT .n:orrycKaTbC51 K )l,al.J:e IIOKa3aHHH JI
Boo6nJ:e Be,n:eHJIIO ,n:eJI. HaBcer.n:a 6y,n:eT JIH:IIIeH TaK:>Ke BC51Koro <t>eo)l,aJibHoro
rrpaBa.

11)

Ecm1 :>Ke B rroxo)l,e KaKoro-JIH6o ceHbopa, rrpII ceHbope, KoTOpbIH 3a-

1 Te51JI 3TOT IIOXO)l,, KTO-HII6y)l,b, KaK 3TO l.J:aCTO 6brnaeT, Yl.J:HHIIT ITO)l,:>Kor, TO eel

HbOp, KOTOpbIH 3aTe5IJI 3TOT ITOXO)l,, rrycTb IIOKJI51HeTC51 Ha Morn;ax, l.J:TO 3TO C)l,eJiaHO 6e3 ero Be)l,OMa, :>KeJiaHJI51 IIJIJI rrpIIKa3aHII51, a BIIHOBHOMY OTKa:>KeT II
HJIKor)l,a K ce6e He rrpHMeT. EcJIJI :>Ke BrrocJie)l,CTBHII rrpIIMeT ero .n:o pacrrJiaThI, TO o6513aH B03MeCTJITb yrn;ep6, KOTOpbIH TOT rrpII1IIIHJIJI.

13)

EcJIII :>Ke rro)l,:>KJiraTeJib 6y,n:eT 3axBal.J:eH JI B3,n:yMaeT rrepe,n: cy,n:heH oT-

pm.1:aTb CBOH IlO)l,:>KOr, TO rrycTb 6y)l,eT Ka3HeH, ec Jiil cy)l,b51 c ceMbIO CBII)l,eTeJI51MII MO:>KeT II306JIJI1IJITb ero, ecJIJI TOJibKO 3TO He 6y)l,eT 3aBe)l,OMO JI3BeCTHO
rrpoBHHIJ:HlI. EcJIII :>Ke 3aBe)l,OMO II3BeCTHO, TO He Ha)l,O lICKaTb HHKaKoro CBJI)l,eTeJibCTBa, a TOTl.J:aC py6JITb rDJIOBY.

14)

EcJIII Baccan:bI KaKoro-HJI6y,n:h ceHbopa, crrycTIIBIIIIICb II3 6ypra cBo-

ero ceHbopa, Y1IHH51T rro,n::>Kor B oTcyTcTBJie H3 o6JiacnI cettbopa, To 6ypr ceHbopa 3a 3TO He ITO)l,Jie:>KIIT CO:>K:>KeHHIO, HO rryCTb 6y,n:eT CO:>K:>KeHo HMyrn;ecTBO rro,n::>KJiraTeJieH Bee, KaKoe HaH.,n:eTc51 BHe 6ypra. IlocJie :>Ke B03Bparn;eHJI51 ceHbopa, ecJIH OH 3axo1IeT y,n:ep:>KaTb rro,n::>KHraTeJI51 JI He rrporoHIIT OT ce651, To
paBHblM o6pa30M IIO)l,Jie:>KHT CO:>K:>KeHIIIO ero 6ypr.

15) EcJIH :>Ke IIO)l,BeprttyTblH orran:e 3a IIO)l,:>KOr crrp511IeTC51 B

KaKOH-JIII6o )],OM,

OTKy,n:a ero HeJib3R B351Tb, He IIO)l,)I{JII'aJI )l,OMa, TO 3a TaKOH IIO)l,)I{Or HIIKOro
HeJib351 Cl.J:JITaTb IIO)l,:>KJiraTeJieM, HO yrn;ep6 3a IIO)l,:>KOr BOCCTaHOBIITb HY:>KHO.

16)

EcJIII :>Ke rrpecJie,n:yeMbIH rro,n::>KIIraTeJih y6e:>KHT B KaKoH-JIH6o 6ypr, JI

rocIIO)l,JIH 6ypra 6y,n:eT CJIY1IaHHO ero ceHbOpOM, JIJIJI BaCCaJIOM, JIJIJI po,n:cTBeHHlIKOM, TO OH He o6513aH Bbl)l,aTb ero rrpecJie)l,OBaTeAAM, HO IIOMO:>KeT eMy YHTII
H3 6ypra B Jiec HJIII B ,n:pyroe Mecm, KoTopoe eMy Ka:>KeTC51 6e3orracHbIM. EcJIII

:>Ke OH He ceHbOp, He Baccan:, He pO)l,CTBeHHHK, TO rryCTb TOTl.J:aC BbI)l,aCT ero
rrpecJie)l,OBaTeJI51M IIJIII :>Ke 6y)l,eT c HJIM B O)l,HOM OTBeTe.

17)

Orrpe.n:em1eM TaK:>Ke II HaKperrKo rrocTaHOBJI51eM HacTo5Irn;HM 3)l,HKTOM,

l.J:TO eCJIJI KTO HaMepeBaeTC51 ,n:pyroMy HaHeCTJI Bpe,n:, eMy IIJIJI ero HMyrn;ecrny'
TO no KpaliHeii Mepe 3a

3 )l,H51

OH ,n:oJI:>KeH o6b51BIITb eMy <PaH.n:y 1Iepe3 BepHoro

'.'. BeCTHJIKa. EcJIH IIOTeprreBIIIJIH CTaHeT fOBOpIITb, l.J:TO <t>aH.,n:a o6b51BJieHa He
6bIJia, TO TOT :>Ke BeCTHHK, eCJIII )!(JIB, rrycTb rrpHC51rHeT, l.J:TO OH OT JIIIIJ:a rocIlO)l,IIHa CBOero B yKa3aHHOe BpeM51 II B yKa3aHHOM MeCTe o6b51BIIJI 0 pacTop:>Kemrn MIIpa. EcJIJI BeCTHIIK yMep, TO rrycTh rrpIIc51rHeT rocrro,n:JIH c ,n:ByM51

416
rrpaB,ZJ;liBbIMH My:>KaMH, "LITO OH pacTopr c HHM MHp, ti:a6bI KTO-Jrn6o no 3JI06e
He Mor ero rrorrpeKaTh HapyrneHHeM MJipa.

18)

IlocTaHOBJrn:eM TaK:>Ke, "LIT06bI HJIKTO, ycTaHOBJIB MHp (treugas dare)

c ti:pyrJIM, ecJIH He C)leJiaHO JICKJIIO"lleHJIH H orrpeti:eJieHHH, Ha KaKJIX ycJIOBHHX OH ero co6JIIOti:aeT JIJIJI He co6JIIOti:aeT, HHKOJIM o6pa3oM He Mor pacToprHYTb ero paHee.ycTaHOBJiettttoro cpoKa. EcJIJI :>Ke 3TO cti:eJiaeT, rrycTh C"LIJITaeTcH ttapyrnJITeJieM MHpa.

19) TaK:>Ke,

KTO IIpH"llHHHJI Bpeti: BeCTHJIKY 3a TO, "LITO TOT IIOCJiaH pacTopr-

HYTb MJip, TOT JIHIIIJIJI ce6H )lOBepJIH H HaBcerti:a TepHeT "LieCTb, M Brrpeti:b HHKTO He o6.~I3aH rrpeti:yrrpe:>K)laTb ero 0 paCTOp:>KeHMM MJipa.

20)

IlocTaHOBAAeM TaK:>Ke 0 CblHOBbHX CBHI.UeHHMKOB, )lbHKOHOB, KpeCTbHH,

"LIT06b1 OHM HMKaK He rrpMCBaMBaJIM ce6e pbiu;apcKoro IIOHCa, a Te, KOTOpbie
y:>Ke rrpJicBOMJIH, rrycTb cyti:heii rrpoBMHIJ;MM 6yti:yT JIMIIIeHhI pb1u;apcrna. EcJIH

:>Ke

rocIIO)lJIH KOfO-JIJI6o JI3 HJIX 6yti:eT CTapaTbCH ero y ti:ep:>KaTb B pb1u;apCT-

Be, BOIIpeKM 3arrpeTy cy)lbM, TO caM fOCIIO)lMH rrycTb 6y.n;eT rrpMHY:>Kti:eH K
yrrJiaTe

22)

10

cp. cyti:he; cepB

:>Ke

rrycTb JIMIIIMTCH Bcex rrpaB pb1u;apcrna.

IlocTaHOBJIHeM TaK:>Ke, "LITO eCJIM KTO Bbipy6MT Birnorpati:HMK MJIH

cppyKTOBbie Ca)lbl, TO IIO)lBeprHeTCH OIIaJie JI OTJiy-qemIIO.

23)

A ti:a6bI CMe CTOJib IIOJie3HOe ycTaHOBJieHMe HaBeKM OCTaJIOCb .n;eiICTBM-

TeJibHO M Hepynrn:Mo BO BCeM CBOeM coti:ep:>KaHMJI, IlOBeJieJIM Mbl OHOe BKJIIO"LIMTb B 3aKOH rrpe.n;rneCTBeHHMKOB HaIIIMX, MMrrepaTopOB M KOpoJieiI, M 6JIIOCTM, KaK HerrpeMeHHbIH 3aKOH. EcJIM :>Ke KTO B ,n;ep3HOBeHJIM CBOeM OCMeJIHTC.H
H)lTJI npoTIIB, ti:a nati:eT Ha Hero BO BeKM rtteB BceMorymero Bora II Harn. TaKo
ti:a 6yti:eT. AMIIHb.

NQ 122. PacnpaBa HMnepaTopa Cl>pH,ZJ;pHXa I
c KHB3hJIMH-HacHJihHHKaMH (1152 r.)
HarrpaBIUICH JIMrrepaTop K PeiIHy JI OTrrpa3,n;HOBaJI

Po:>K,n;e

CTBO XpJICTOBO

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f epMaHMM, M306IUibHa XJie6oM H BMHOM, 60-

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417
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· poroM rrpuroBope pacrrpocTpaHHJiach no sceii 3aaJibIIRiicKoii IIMrrepirn, TO
oii CTPax HaIIaJI Ha Bcex, qTo BCe rOTOBbl 6bIJIII CKOpee rrpHTMXHJTb COBCeM,
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N2
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1279

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N2 125. Ilo~acrephll carroXOioro .u;exa B Jle:Hrr.u;Hre
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.
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1•

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,llatto rro.n: rreqaTbIO, HbIHe y Hae yrrmpe6JIJieMoii, B ro.n: 71-ii*.

NQ 126. 3~KT B noJib3Y eBpeeB (1157 r.)
Bo MMR CBJITOH M Hepa3,ll,eJibHoii TpoRQbI, <Dpll,Ll;pHx, Em1rneii erroerrerne
crnyIOmeii MMJIOCTbIO PMMCKMH MMrrepaTop, Bcer.n.a CBJiilieHHbIH. )la 6y.n:eT
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qIIHJIIOilIIIMCJI 3aKOHaM Ramero rocy.n:apcrna, KaK MbI rro.n:rnep)K,ll,aeM HaBcema
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2.

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TO JIIIllIIITCJI HarneH: MIIJIOCTII IIJIII B03BpaTIIT B,ll,BOHHC, 6y.n:e qTo OTHJIJI.

3.

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4.

B rrpe.n.eJiax Harnero rocy.n.apcrna rrycTb cBo6o.n.Ho M 6e3orracHo rrepe-

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5.

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*

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HO, nepeT.HHYB Ha CBOIO CTOpOHY ,n:aJKe HeKOTOpbIX o6e,n:HeBIIIHX pbIU,apeii, ~'IMHHJIH
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JJ,eJia HeH3BeCTeH.

419
6.

Ecm1 yKpa,n,eHHaJI Bern:b y HIIX 6yAeT HaiiAeHa, II eBpeii cKa>KeT, qrn

yrrIIJI ee, TO rrycTb rroKJUIHeTc.SI no cBoeMy saKoHy, sa CKOJibKO KYITIIJI, rr,
OJiyqHB CTOJibKO, B03BpaTHT Bern:b BJia,ll;eJibU,y.

7.

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pasoM, MJIM ITO rrpIIHY>KAeHMIO, TO sarrJiaTIIT B KOpOJieBCKYIO Ka3HY

f

12 ¢.

30-

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3

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8.

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40

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I 12

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11

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15.

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N2 128. Kpecrou1>1e rroxoAJd rrpOTHB

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11

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BbICTynaTb no 3aKOHY eBH,ll;eTeJI.SIMR rrpOTliB mrx, qTO MHoro IlOMOiKeT u:epKBli B ReKopeHeHliR epeTlflieeKOH Mep30CT1i. To iKe 6y.n;eT .n;oeTRrttyTO, eeJIR HeKOTOpbie R3 6bIBIIIliX npeiK.n;e B liX eeKTe, BepHyBIIIlieb K lieTIIHHOH Bepe, qeerno Bee Bbl,ll;a,ll;yT, nonyqnB o6ern:aHne, qTo 3a 3TO CTporocTb 3aKoHa eM.SJ:rqnTc.SI ,ll;Jl.SI HliX B IlOKa.SIHlie; a Be,ll;b 3eJIO IlJIO,ll;OTBOpHoe IlOKa.SIHIIe -

Tpy.n;liTbe.SI,

qT06b1 u:epKOBb oqJieTHJiaeb OT epeen, no.n;BepraTb ee6.SI ns-sa 3Toro orracHocTli 6bITb y6nTbIM rrplienernHHKaMli epeTHKOB. Be.n;b roBopHTe.SI, qrn npHpyqeHHbIH BOJIK .n;JI.SI OXOTbl Ha .n;pyrIIX BOJIKOB IlOJie3Hee nea.

33. 0

TOM, KaK ,ll;06HTbCJl C03HaHHJl B epecH

Toro, KTO He eJiliIIIKOM ern:e rrorp.SI3 B epeell, MOiKHO liHOr.n;a BepHyTb yrp030H cMepTH, ll .n;aeTe.SI eMy TOr.n;a Ha.n;eiK.n;a eoxpaHHTb )KH3Hb, eeJIH OH noiKeJiaeT qHeToeep.z:i;eqHo npH3HaTbe.SI B sa6nyiK.n;eHli.SIX epeTHqeeKoro yqeHH.SI H
Bbl,ll;aTb .n;pyrHx, KOro OH 3HaeT ll3 eeKTbI. EeJIII iKe OH OTKaiKeTe.SI 3TO e.n;eJiaTb,
OH Oil.SITb OTIIpaBJI.SieTe.SI B TIOpbMy, ll eMy BttyrnaeTC.SI eTpax, qTQ npOTHB Hero
eCTb eBH,ll;eTeJIH, Ii qTQ eeJill OH 6y.n;eT YJIHqeH eBH,ll;eTeJI.SIMH, TO 6e3 Be.SIKOro
MIIJIOeep.n;IIH npe.n;a.n;yT ero eMepTH; KOpM.SIT ero BnporoJIO,ll;b, TaK qTo6bI eTpax
COBeeM ero OCJia61IJI, ll He .n;onyeKaIOT K HeMy HIIKOrO ll3 ero TOBapIIrn:e:H, qTo6bI TOT He yKpemIJI ero R He HayqHJI XHTpo OTBeqaTb ll HllKOrO He BbI,ll;aBaTb;
ll Boo6rn:e HllKOro K HeMy He nyeKaTb, TOJibKO H3pe.n;Ka ,n;Byx Ha,ll;eiKHbIX ll
HeIIblTaHHblX JIIO,ll;eH, KOTOpbie OCTOpOiKHO, KaK 6bI eoqyBCTBy.SI, eTattyT yBern:e-

426
BaTb era I136aBIITbC.H OT CMepnr I11II1CTOCep.n:e1IHO C03HaTbC.H, B 1IeM 11 KaK norpenum, 11 rroo6emaIOT eMy, 'ITO, c.n:eJiaB :no, OH MO)KeT 11s6erHyTh CO)K)KeHI1.H.
l16o CTpax CMepTI1 11 )Ka)K.n:a )KI13HI1 CM.SlT1IaIOT cep.n:ua, HI11IeM I1HblM He
cM.HrqaeMbie.
foBOpI1Tb )Ke I1M BKpa.n:1I11Bo: He 6oiic.H 11 CilOKOHHO C03Haiirn:, eCJII1 Thi,
6bITb MO)KeT, C1II1Ta.H I1X 3a .n:o6pbIX JIIO.ZJ:eii, KOTOpbie yqaT TOMy-To 11 TOMy-To,
.ZJ:OBepmIC.sI HM, OXOTHO CJIYIIIaJI I1X, rro.n:.n:ep)KI1BaJI I1X II3 CBOero llMymecTBa,
rropoii rrpIIHIIMaJI llX B CBOeM .n:oMe ll .n:a)Ke llCilOBe.ZJ:OBaJIC.sI y HIIX, .n:eJia.H 3TO
IIO upoCTOTe CBoeii II II3 JII06BII K HIIM, C1IIITa.H llX .n:o6pb1Mll II HH1Iero .n:ypHoro
upo HIIX He 3Ha.H; a o6MaHyTbC.sI B 3TOM Be,ll;b MoryT II JIIO,ll;II 3Ha1IIITeJibHO rroMy,ri:pee Te6.si.

34. 0

TOM, cKOJih ocTopm1mo Ha.ZJ;o Beem .ZJ;onpoc

EcJill rrocJie 3Toro oH Ha1IHeT rro.n:.ri:aBaThC.H, pasM.siKaTb ll 3axo1IeT Koe-1ITO
CKa3aTb, 'ITO OH IIHor,ri:a OT rro,ri:o6HbIX J1IllTeJieii B yKpOMHblX MeCTaX CJibIIllaJI
o EBattreJillll, rrocJiaHAAX HJill TOMy rro,ri:o6HoM, TO

TYT )Ke,

no rop.sI1IIIM cJie,ri:aM,

crrpOCllTb ero, J1Ill Jill Jill 3Tll J1IllTeJI.H TOMy-TO ll TOMy-TO, a llMeHHO, 'ITO 1IllCTlIJillIUHOro OrH.sI HeT, 'ITO MOJII1TBbl sa yMepIIII1X He IIOMOraIOT, 'ITO .n:ypHOH CB.sImeHHllK, caM rrorp.sisrn11ii B rpexe, He MO)KeT 11 ,ri:pyrllM OT rrycTHTb rpex11, ll
Boo6me 0 TallHCTBaX uepKBI1.

A

IlOTOM OCTOpO)KHO BbICIIpOCI1Tb, C1II1TaeT JII1 OH

caM yqeHlle llX xopOIIIllM 11 llCTllHHbIM; eCJill ,ri:a, TO OH y)Ke C03HaJICH B llCIIOBe,ri:aHI1ll epec11 ... EcJI11 )Ke TbI rrp.siMo crrpocmrrh ero, BepHT JIM OH caM BCeMy
BbIIIIeyKasaHHOMy, OH OTBe1IaTb He 6y,n;eT, 60.si:cb, 'ITO Tbl X01IeIIIb lI3JIOBlITb ero
lI o6BI1HI1Th B epecll, II01IeMy II CJie;:i:yeT JIOBllTb ero OCTOpO)KHO, lIHbIM rryTeM,
KaK H CKa3aJI; ll60 XllTPYIO JlllCY Ha)l;O JIOBllTb JlllCbeii )Ke XI1TpOCTblO.

38. 0

CBH,ll;eTeJIJIX

KaK rrpll o6BllHeHI1.HX B OCKop6JieHlllI BeJIH1IeCTBa .z:i:orrycKaIOT CH CBll,lJ;eTeJI.HMll .n:pyrne rrpecTyrrHHKH, TaK rrponrn epenma MO)KeT cBn.n:eTeJibCTBoBaTb
epeTHK, KJI.sITBOIIpecTyIIHllK llJII1 llHOH rrpeCTYIIHlIK B ,ll;OKa3aTeJibCTBO 3JIO,ri:eHHI1.sl lI BO CJiaBy Bephl XpllCTllaHCKOH.

XIII. IIPOCBEI1(EHI1E
NQ 132. IIHCLMO 6Jiaac. HepoHHMa* K Jle'I'e

0

BOCilllT3HHH OTpOKOBHD;hl

TaKo HY)KHO BOCIIHThIBaTh .n:yrny, Koeii rrpe.n;cTOHT cTaTh xpaMoM focrro.n:HHM: rrycTb HayqaeTCH CJlbIIIIaTb ll rOBOpHTb Jlllillb TO, 'ITO Be,ri:eT K CTpaxy
DO)KbeMy. .llypHblX CJIOB 1IT06bI OHa ll He IIOHHMaJia, MllpCKllX rreceH 1IT06bI He

* «Doctor

ecclesiae~

(340-480 rr. ).

427
3Ha.Jia: rrycTb He)l(Hbie em:e ycTa HanoJIH.RIOTCJI JIHIIIb CJia;J:OCTHbIM nca.JIMoneHHeM; nycTb no.n;aJibIIIe OHa 6y.n;eT OT pacrrym:eHHOrO Hapo.n;a, Ma.JibqHIIIeK;
nycTh ,Ua)Ke rro.n;pyrH ee H HRHbKH y6eperaIOTCH OT MHpCKHX 3HaKOMCTB, qro6bI
OHM He HayqHJIHCb qeMy .nypHoMy HJIH, qTo em:e xy)Ke, He Ha yqHJIH 6bI ee.
Hy)KHO c,neJiaTb e:ii 6yKBbI JIH6o 6yKOBb1e*' JIH60 H3 CJIOHOBOH KOCTH H
Ha3BaTb HX e:ii. IlycTb HrpaeT HMM H HrpaJOqH o6yqaeTCH.

11

nyCTb Otta 3an"-

MHHaeT He TOJibKO nopHJJ:OK 6yKB H He TOJib KO no naMHTH HaneBaeT HX
Ha3BaHHH, HO nycTb e:ii HeO.ll,HOKpaTHO rryTaIOT H caMbIH rropH.ll,OK, nepeMeIIIHBaH cpe,nHHe 6yKBbI c nocJie.ll,HIIMII, Haqa.JibHbie co cpe,nHHMH, .n.a6bI OHa 3HaJia HX He TOJibKO no 3ByKy, HO II no BIIJJ:y. Kor;:i:a )Ke OHa em:e Hernep;:i:oIO pyKOIO HaqHeT BOJJ:HTb CTHJieM no BOCKy, TO nycTb KTO-HH6y.n.b BOJJ:HT ee He:>KHbIMH
IIa.JibqHKaMH, HJIH nyCTb Ha Ta6JIIID;e HaqepTaIOT e:ii 6yKBbl, "lJT06bI OHa IIIJia no
6op03.ll,KaM H He MorJia 6br c6HTbCH B IIHCbMe, CJie.n.yH yKa3aHHblM KOHTypaM.
3a COCTaBJieHIIe CJIOfOB ee Harpa:>K.ll,aTb: noom:pHTb TaKHMH rro;:i:apKaMII, KOTOpbie rrpHHTHbI Bee B03pacTe. IlycTb y Hee npII yqeHHH 6y.n.yT no;:i:pyrn AAA
copeBHOBaHHJI: noxBaJibl HM rrycTb 3a.ll,eBaIOT ee 3a )KIIBOe. He Ha;:i:o ee 6paHIITb 3a Me.ll,JIHTeJibHOCTb, HO IIOXBa.JiaMH B036y)K.ll,aTb ee ycep.n.He, qTo6bI OHa
pa.n.oBa.JiaCb rrpH ycnexe H ropeBa.Jia rrpH Hey.n.a"l!e. Ilpe:>K.n.e Bcero Ha.n.o onacaThCH, KaK 6bI OHa He B03HeHaBH;J:eJia yqeHbJI, ;:i:a6bI ropeqb ero, BocnpHHJITaJI B .n.eTCTBe, He y.n.ep)Ka.JiaCb B IIOCJie;:i:y10m:eM B03pacTe. Co6cTBeHHbie HMeHa
:>Ke, Ha KOTOpbIX OHa noHeMHory Ha yqaeTCH qHTaTb u;eJihie CJIOBa, nycTb 6yJl.YT He cJiyqa:iiHbIMH, a II3BeCTHbIMH H HapoqHTO rro.n.o6paHHbIMH, HanpHMep
HMeHa npopOKOB H arrOCTOJIOB, a TaK:>Ke H Beeb PH.ll. rraTpHapXOB OT A,n,aMa,
KaK OH rrpIIBe;:i:eH y MarneH H JlyKH, qTo6bI OHa, samITaJI H 3THM l];eJIOM, roTOBHJia 6bI ce6e KJial];e3b rraMHTH .ZJ:AA 6y;:i:ym:ero. YqnTeAA Hal];Jie:>KHT Bh16paTh
noqTeHHOro B03paCTOM, )KII3Hbl0 H My.n.poCTblO, H Heqero, .n.yMaIO H, MY)KY
yqeHoMy KpacHeTb H3-3a Toro, qTO OH .n.eJiaeT no OTHOIIIeHHIO K 6JIH:>KHeMy, K
6Jiaropo.n.Ho:ii .n.eBHu;e, TO, qTO ApIICTOTeJib c.n.eJia.JI no OTHOIIIeHHIO K CbIHY
<!>HJIHnrra, a HMeHHO npenol];a.JI HaqaTKH rpaMOTbI Bo CJiaBy yqeHHIO ... CaMoe
npOII3HOIIIeHHe 6yKB H nepel];aqa OCHOBHbIX npaBHJI 3ByqHT HHaqe B ycTaX
yqeHoro, qeM y HeBe:>KJJ.bI. .. CKasaHo TaK:>Ke, qrn KpacHopeqHJO fpaKXOB MHoro
cnoco6cTBOBa.Jia peqb MaTepH c paHHero 11x B03pacTa ...
IlycTb e)Ke.ll,HeBHO OHa roBOpHT

Te6e

ypoK, noqepnHyTblH OT u;BeTOB IlH-

CaHHH. IlycTb Bb1yqHBaeT OHa HeKoe KOJI~eCTBO CTHXOB no-rpeqecKM; HO ceii:qac )Ke nycTb CJie.n.yeT H HsyqeHHe JiaTblHH, H6o eCJIH B .n.eTCTBe He rroJiyqHTb
npaBIIJibHOrO rrp0113HOIIIeHIIH, TO H3bIK llCKa:>KaeTCH Ha qy:>Koii: JiaJJ: 11 pOl];HaH
peqb sacopHeTcH qy:>KeseMHbIMH HeJJ:OCTaTKaMn**. HacTaBH11u;e:H: B 3TOM 6yJJ:b
ell: Thi; nycTb Te6e nol];pa)KaeT oHa c caMoro paHHero JJ:eTcrna ...

* 0TCIO)J,a
** IV M V

M Ha3BaHMe <\:6yKBai>.
BeKa orneTcrnettttoe BpeM.a: BapBaptt3au.11.a 6epeT Bepx Ha,IJ, p0Matt113au.11e:i1:.
A B VI B. fp11ropuii TypcK11iI ropbKO )l(aJiyeTC.H Ha TPY,IJ,HOCTb pa3JII1'IeHM.H BMHMTeJibHoro
OT TBOpMTeJibHOrO na)J,e)l(a B JiaTblHM.

428
IlpHCTaBHTb K HeH rro:>1mJiyIO .n;eBy, HCIIbITaHHYIO B Bepe, .n;o6poHpaBHYIO
H u;eJioMy.n;peHHyro, qTo6hI OHa CBOHM rrpttMepoM Ha yqaJia H rrpHyqaJia ee
BCTaBaTb HOqbIO .n;JI.SI MOJIHTBbl H IICaJIMOIIeHH.SI; YTPOM rreTh fHMHbl, BbICTaHBaTb qac TpeTHH, rneCTOM H .n;eB5ITbIM, rro.n;o6HO BOHTeJibHHu;e XpHCTOBOM, BCer .n;a Haxo.n;.Siiu;eiic.SI B cTporo; B0311mraTb JiaMrra.n;y 11 coBeprnaTb BeqepHee MO.JieHtte. TaK rrpoii:.n;eT .n;eHb, TaK Hoqb 3acTaHeT ee B Tpy.n;ax. 3a MOJIHTBOii H.n;eT
Ha 311.n;aTeJibHoe qTemre, 3a qTeHHeM -

MOJIHTBa. KpaTKHM IIOKruKeT C.SI eii

BpeM.SI rrpH CTOJib pa3Hoo6pa3HbIX 3aH.SITH5IX.
IlyCTb yqttTC.SI OHa TaK:>Ke qecaTb BOJIHy, rrp.SICTb, B.SI3aTb, rrycKaTb BepeTeHO, HarrpaBJI.SITb IIaJibD;eM OCHOBy. IlyCTb rrpe3pHT OHa 60M6HI.(HHHy10* TKaHb,
cepHHCKttii** IIIeJIK H 30JIOTYIO KaHHTeJib. IlycTb rOTOBHT JIHIIlb TaKHe o.n;e:>K.n;bl,
KOTOpbIMH OTfOH.SieTC.SI XOJIO,ll;, a He TaKHe, o6Jiaqa.SICb B KOTOpbie, o6Ha:>KaIOT
TeJio. Il11iu;eii eii rrycTb cJiy:>KHT KarrycTa .n;a mrreH11qHhIH xJie6, .n;a tt3pe.n;Ka
MeJIKa.SI pb16a ... 11 rrycTb OHa ecT TaK, qT06h1 Bcer.n;a oiu;yiu;aTh roJio.n;, .n;a6b1
ceiiqac :>Ke IIOCJie IIHIUH MOrJia rreTb IICaJIMbl H qHTaTb ... BMeCTO yKpaIIIeHHH
H IIIeJIKa rrycTb B03JII06HT OHa 6o:>KeCTBeHHble KHHrH, H rrycTb rrpMBJieKaIOT ee
B HHX He 30JIOTOe ITHCbMO Ha qepBJieHOM BaBlfJIOHCKOM rrepraMeHTe, a TOqHa.SI
H My.n;pa.SI qeTKOCTb, Be.n;yiu;a.SI K lfCTHHHOMY II03HaHHIO. Ilpe:>K.n;e BCero rrycTb
H3yqaeT rrcaJITttpb H yBeceJI.SieTc.SI CMMH rrecHorremrnMtt; rrpHNaMH :>Ke CoJioMOHa rrycTb HaCTaBJI5IeTCH K :>KH3HH; H3 3KKJie3MaCTa :>Ke IIYCTb HayqaeTC.SI
rrpe3pemr10 Bcero MttpcKoro; KHHra :>Ke HoBa .n;aCT eii rrpHMep .n;o6po.n;eTeJIM M
.n;oJiroTeprreHH5I. 3aTeM rrycTh rrepe:ii.n;eT K EBattreJIH5IM, qT06b1 HMKor.n;a y:>K He
pacCTaBaTbC.SI c HlfMlf. ,lle.HHlf.HMH :>Ke aIIOCTOJIOB H IIOCJiaHH5IMH rrycTb YIIMBaeTC.SI OT BCero cep.n;u;a. Kor.n;a :>Ke OHa HaIIOJIHHT COKpOBlfiu;HHUY CBOero cep.n;u;a ClfMlf 6oraTCTBaMlf, rryCTb rropyqMT rra M.SITlf CBoeii: IlpopoKOB, Il.SITHKHH:>Klfe, KttMrlf U:apcrn H IlapaJIHIIOMeHoH, a TaK:>Ke KHMr.H £3.n;pb1 n Ecqmph.

A

IlecHb IlecHeii 6e3orracHo 6y.n;eT eii n3yqttTh rro.n; caMhIH Kotteu;, .n;a6h1; qH-

Ta.SI ee rrpe:>K.n;e BpeMeHHO H He pa3JMe.SI rrecHh 6paKa .n;yxoBttoro, H3Jio:>KeHttyro
B CJIOBax IIJIOTCK.HX, OHa He CMYTHJia CBoeii .n;yrnn . .lla OCTepe:>KeTC5I OHa BC.HKHX arroKpmpoB. Ee.JIM :>Ke 3axoqeT rrpoqMTaTh nx, He pa.n;H HCTHH yqeHHH,
KOHeqHo, a lf3 yBa:>KeHlf.SI K co.n;ep:>KaHlfIO lfX, TO rrycTb IIOMHlfT, qTQ OHlf HaIIlfCaHbl He TeMlf, KOMY OHlf rrpHIIHCbIBa IOTCH: MHOro B HlfX IIpHMeIIIaHO JIO)KHOro, If .n;eJIO 60.JibIIIOfO pa3yMa HaHTH 30.JIOTO B rp5!3lf.

NQ 133.

~eaJibHOe

H3o6pameHHe BocnuTaHHJI
(rapTMaH ct>oH ,n;ep Aya)

CT. 1.
fibIJI pbiu;apb, CTOJib yqeHbIH,
11To qifTaJI OH B KHJfrax

* T.e. XJIOIPiaT06yMm1rnyIO,
* * T. e. KHTail:cKHH.

rrpHB03ttyro.

429
Bee, qTo TaM 6b1JI0 ttanIIeatto.
Ilp03bIBa.Jie51 OH fapTMaH,
A eny)K6y ttee OH B Ay3* ).

CT. 985.
H BOT pbr6aK 11 ero )Ketta
0 Ml1JIOM ,lJ;IITHTKe esoeM
3a6oTIIJIIIeh Be5JqeeKII
BnnoTh ,no nreeTII neT.
A mr.n:a ero B3HJI y HIIX a66aT
K ee6e B MoHaeTbiph
H o.n;en ero B TaKy10 o,n;e)K,n;y,
KaK no.n;o6aeT KJIHpIIKY,
H eTa.JI yqIITh ero no KHIIraM.
H BeHKoe 6naroqeeTIIe,
BeHKYIO BepttoeTh II treeTb
BoenpIIHIIMa.JI OH e oxoTo:H.
H KaK OXOTHO, 6e3 no6oeB * *' no 0,lJ;HOMy eJIOBY
Ott BhIIIOJIHHJI )KeJiaHIIH eBoero yqIITeJIH.
HIIKor.n:a oH He npoHBJIRJI Hey,n:oBoJibeTBIIR,
Ott xoTeJI 3HaTh Bee,
qTO noJie3HO 3HaTb,
KaK BoroM 6.JiaroeJIOBeHHhrii pe6eHOK.
,lleTeii, KOTOpbie y)Ke TPII ro,n:a
KaK 6bIJIII npIIeTaBJieHhI K yqeHIIIO,
Ott eKopo ttarHa.JI B no3HaHIIHX,
H eaM yqIITeJih KJIRJieR,
qTO HIIKOr,n:a He BCTpeqa.JI eTOJlb MHoroMy,n:poii IOHOeTII,
HenontteHHoii Be51qeeKIIX .n:o6pQ.n;eTenell:.
Ott 6bIJI - HIIeKOJihKO 51 He JII'Y, JleTaMII MJia,n:, My)K no yMy.
Ha o,n:IIHHa,n:u;aToM ro.n:y
Eii-eii, He 6hIJIO rpaMMaTIIKa Jiyqnre
0TpOKa f pIIropII51.
A B ,n:a.JihHeiinrIIe TPII ro.n;a
Ero 3HaHIIH TaK yeoBepnreHeTBOBa.JIIIeh,
"' Ha'laJibHbie cTpOKH rroaMbI ~.6e,n:HbIH fettpttx~ 3HaMeHHToro rroaTa-pbI~ap.SI fapTMaHa
(>ott .n:ep Aya (me 1200 r.).
""" Ilpo y'lettbe B cpe,n:HHe BeKa roBopmrn: ~Sub virga degere~. T. e. ~xo,n:HTb rro.n:
>03roih.

430
l.J TO

6ororro3Ham1eM

OH Beeb 6bIJI rrpoeBeTJieH.
Be.HKaH My.n:poeTb -

OT Eora ...

3aTeM -innaTb OH eTaJI 3aKOHbl,

I1

TaKlIM o6pa30M OTpOK

I103HaJI II 3TO XIITpoe ,n:eJio

I1

eTaJI eJiaBHbIM JierIIeTOM.

NQ 134. H3 6HorpatllHH yqeHoro
B 3TO BpeM5I 6Jiaropo,n:HbIM OTIIpbieK KOpOJieBeKIIM*' JieT l.J:eTbipex OT
po.n:y, rroeJiaH 6hrn B YTpexT K .n:oemrrol.J:TeHHoMy errlieKorry DaJibJJ:plIKY (a ott
II rroHbme 3,n:paBeTnyeT) JJ:JI5I 3aH5ITII5I CBo6o,n:HbIMII HayKaMII ... Kor.n:a JKe OH
yenom1 Hal.J:aTKII rpaMMaTIIKII, KaK MbI Y3HaJIII 3TO OT Hero eaMoro, Heo.n:1mKpaTHO no3,n:aBamnero 3a 3TO xBaJiy roerro.n:y Eory, OH rro.n: pyKoBo,n:ernoM
CBOero Y1IIITeJI5I eTaJI qIITaTb II03Ta I1py.n:eHu1rn**; II TaK KaK Ilpy,n:eHUIIM II
Beporo, II MbleJibIO BOIIeTMHY rrpaBOCJiaBeH, BeJIIIK KpaeHope1IIIeM lI rrpan.n:oii
II II35IIII,eH pa3HOo6pa3HeM B eTHXOeJIO:IKemrn II B eo.n:ep:IKaHIIII eBOlIX KHlff' TO
OH HaIIOJIH.HJI eep.n:ue IOHOIIIII TaKOIO CJia,n:oeTbIO, qTo TOT e HeeKa3aHHOIO JKa,n:HOeTbIO BIIMTblBaJI rro.n:o6Ho HeKTapy TOHqaurneMy He TOJibKO BHeIIIHee 3HaqeHlle eJIOB, HO lI Me,n: eoKpoBeHHeil:rnero lIX eMbieJia.

A

BeKope He OCTaJIOeb HH

O.LJ:HOH o6JiaeTII B m1eaHH5IX rpeKOB lIJIII pHMJ15IH, KOTOpaH ycKOJib3HyJia 6bI OT
6oil:KoeT11 ero yMa ... KpoMe Toro, qTo OH He ,n:o3BOJI5IJI raeIITb peBHOeTb .n:yxa
CBOero JieHbIO lI JierKOMbICJIHeM .n:pyrHX lIJIII co6Jia3H5ITb lI3JIHIIIHlIM rryeTOeJIOBHeM, OH He TeprreJI TaK:IKe, qT06b1 KTO-HH6y,n:b rropTIIJI IIJilI IIO,ll,IIpaBJI5IJI KHIIrll, KaK Te, KOTOpbie OH 113yqaJI, TaK II .n:pyr11e, HaXO,ll,IIBIIIHee5I y Hero, IIJIH
noo6me He,n:oeTaTOqHo 6epe:arno o6paru,aJie5I e KH11raM11; 1160 H11qeM, qTo KacaJioeb ero, OH He eqnTaJI B03MO)l(HbIM rrpeHe6peraTb, TaK KaK eKa3aJI CoJioMOH: ~HII BO qTQ CTaB5Illl,lIM MaJIOe, MaJIO-IIOMaJiy rrpH,n:eT B yrra.n:oK~ ...

I1

BOT

roey.n:apb e BeJIIIKOH rro-qeeTbIO, KaK TOM cJie,n:oBaJIO, BbI3BaJI EpyHoHa, Eory
IIOCB5IIII,eHHOfO, ern.e IOHOIIIy, rrp5IMO II3 IIIKOJibl BO ,ll,BOpeu Ha TaKoe MeeTO, r.n:e
OH, IICIIOJIHeHHblH Be5IKOIO My,n:poeTbIO, Mor 6bl, TOqHo 3epKaJIO, OTpa3IITb BCe
HaCTpOeHII5I Beero rroqTII Mllpa * * *. . . CocyA ceH II36paHHbIM HaIIOJIHlIJI

f OeITO.LJ:b

.n:yxoM My,n:pocrn: II pa3yMeHII5I. He .lJ.OBOJibCTBOBaJIC5I OH co6HpaHHeM B eoKpoBIIIlI,HHUY .n:yxa eBoero Beero, qTo 6bIJIO rro,n:Jie Hero, HO HaKOIIJIIIBaJI enepx
Toro II qy)Ke3eMHbie XIITpoeTII, II Bee, qTo OTHOCIIJIOeb, ITO ero MHeHIIIO, K qrn:JIOcoqnrn -

TaK KaK He KaCaJIOCb M11pa -

* .6pyHOH, 6paT IIMnepaTOpa 0TTOHa I.
** XpIICTIIattcKIIH no::iT IV B.
*** .6pyHOH CTaJI KaHIJ;JiepoM.

OTOBero.n:y OH eo611paJI. I1p1nne.n:-

431
' IIIIIe B 3a6BeHIIe CeMb CB060AHblX IICKYCCTB OH 011.HTb BOCCTaHOBIIJI; Bee HOBOe
'II BeJIIIKOe, rrpoB03rJiaIIIeHHOe HCTOpHKaMII, opaTopaMII, IIO::lTaMH Ii q:nrnoco¢aMII, OH o6cy)KAaJI c yqeHbIMII Bcex CTpaH. I1 TaM, rAe OH 110 pa3yMy 6bIJI
yqIITeJieM, OH CMHpeHHO .HBJI.HJI ce6.H yqeHIIKOM ...
YcTpattBaJI OH ce6e II HOqHbie 3aHHTIIH, II6o Bee, qTo Ka3aJIOCb

eMJ AOCTOH-

HbIM, 3aIIHCbIBaJIOCb IIDA ero AIIKTOBKy. KpacHopeqIIe JiaTIIHCKOe, KOTOpbIM OH
6JIIICTaJI, AOBOAIIJI OH AO TOHKOCTH II COBepmeHCTBa He TOJibKO y

ce6H, HO II

. y Apyrn:x ... ITocJie o6e.n.a, Kor.n.a see (ua)Ke ApeBHIIe, KaK MbI 3HaeM) HeMaJio OCJia6esaIOT' OH TeM peBHOCTHee npeAaBaJIC.H qTeHIIIO II pa3MbIIIIJieHIIHM.
BpeM5I paHHero pacCBeTa OH He 11pOAaJI 6bI HM 3a KaKIIe AeHbrII* II HIIKOfAa
He ycTyrraJI IIOACTpeKaTeJIIO -

CHY.

IllyTKII II CKOMOpomecTBa pa3HbIX JIIIU: B KOMeJJ,II5IX II Tpare.ll,II5IX, Ha)];
KOTOpbIMM o6bIKHOBeHHO pa3pa)KaIOTC5I HenoMepHbIM CMeXOM, OH qIITaJI co
BCer;::i:amHeH csoeil: cepbe3HOCTbIO. Co;::i:ep)KaHIIe OH cqIITaJI COBCeM He Ba)KHbIM,
¢opMbI )Ke cJioB II o6opoTOB 3a caMoe rJiaBHoe.

B

seqHbIX pa3be3JJ,ax** 3aHII-

MMCH OH; 6ecrrOKOHHO 6bIJIO era TeJIO, HO CIIOKOeH yM. Ky.n;a HarrpaBJIHJIHCb
IIMnepaTopcKaH CTaBKa MJIM KOpOJieBCKIIH Jiarepb, TyJJ,a B03HJI OH CBOIO 6M6JIMOTeKy, ToqHo KoBqer 3aBeTa, IIMe5I npII ce6e II u:eJib, II cpeACTBO CBOIIX 3aH5ITIIH: u:eJib -

B KHIIrax 6o)KeCTBeHHbIX, cpeACTBOM )Ke CJIYJKIIJIII KHIII'II .H3bI-

qecKIIe, YIIOA065ICb paqIITeJibHOMY X035IIItty' «KOTOpbIH BbIHOCIIT II3 COKpOBIIIU:HlIU:bI CBOeii II HOBOe, II CTapoe~***.

N2 135.
lfa

«"tJHTaTh» H «IIOHHMaTh»

C.-faJIJieHcKoro MoHaxa: onIIcaHIIe 3a6oT KapJia o 6e30IIIII6o"'IHOM

"'ITemm 6orocJiyJKe6HblX KHIIr corrpOBOIKJJ,aeTC5I CJIOBaMII: «I1 TaKIIM rryTeM OH
;::i:o6IIJIC5I Toro, "'ITO BO )l;Bopu:e Bee OTJIII"lJHO "lJIITaJIII, XOT.H II 6e3 IIOHHMaHIIH~.
L{apoaaHm1**** era [OTTOHa

I]

6bIJIII BOIICTIIHY y.n;IIBHTeJibHbI, II6o no

CMepTII cynpyrM CBOeH, KOpOJieBbI 3,LlHTbI, OH, ,LlOTOJie He 3HaBIIIIIH rpaMOTbl,
HaCTOJibKO rrpeycrreJI, "'ITO MOf "lJHTaTb II llOHIIMaTb u:eJibie KHIIrII ... *****.
ITpII feHpIIxe

IV:

«I1MnepaTop 6bIJI TaK yqeH, qTo caM 6bIJI B COCTOHHMH qrrTaTb If TIOHMMaTb
BC5IKIIe IIMCbMa, KaKMe eMy

rrpMCbIJiaJIIICb~.

* Xo.n:oBa.SI HeMen;Ka.si: rroroBopKa «Morgenstunde hat Gold im MundeJ> OCHOBaHa Ha
cpe.n:HeBeKOBOH IIIKOJibHOH OCTpOTe «Aurora-aurum in oreJ>.
** B Ka'IeCTB KaHn;Jiepa OH BCIO.[(Y CJie,[(OBaJI 3a IIMrrepaTopoM.
*** MaTcp., 13, 52.
* * * * }fa IIOXBaJihHOro CJIOBa OTToHy I.
***** OtTOH I, po.n:. B 912, BCTYIIIIJI Ha npecrnJI B 935 r., 3.n:IITa * 947 r.

432
N2137.rpaMoTHoCTh
A

)KeHe 11.neT* ... Bee OBUbI, ryeII, JiapII ... np.H)Ka, noeTeJIII, nepIIHbI, no-

.nyrnKII, npoeTbIHII, eKaTepTII, py-ciHIIKII, IIOJIOTemi:a, Ta3bI, no.neBe"CJHIIKII,
XOJieT, Be.HKa.H )KeHeKa.H O,ZJ;e)K,ZJ;a, KOJibUa, 3aII.HeTb.H, y6pyebI, neaJITMpII II Be.HKIIe 6o)KeeTBeHHbie KHIIfII, o6bI"lJHO "lJIITaeMbie )KeHIUIIHaMII**' eyH.ZJ;YKII, KOBpbI, M.HfKIIe eII,ZJ;eHb.H, 3aHaBeeKII ...
. . . Beex eKop6.HIUIIX otta [ IIMnepaTpIIua MaTIIJib.ZJ;a, MaTb OTToHa I] 6hrna
yTeIIIIITeJibHIIUa. Be10 -cieJI.H.ZJ;b eBoIO, KaK MY)K"CJIIH, TaK II )KeHIUIIH, o6y-ciaJia
OHa pa3HOMY MaCTepeTBY' TaK)Ke II KHII)KHOMy; II6o II eaMa OHa 3HaJia rpaMOTe, KaKOBYIO II3p5I.ZJ;HO II3Y"CJIIJia no eMepTII My)Ka***.
CJiaBa ero [IIMnepaTopa Kottpa.na II****)) poeJia B eooTBeTeTBIIII e ero
.no6JieeT.HMII ... XoT.H OH He 3HaJI rpaMOTbl, TeM He Mettee Beer.na My.npo HaeTaBJI.HJI .nyxoBHblX JIIIU, Ha JIIO,ZJ;.HX -

MIIJIOeTIIBO II JiaeKOBO, Hae,ZJ;IIHe )Ke -

rp03HO.
MHoro TPY.na noJIO)KIIJia oHa [fII3eJia, MaTb IIMnepaTopa feHpIIxa III],
"lJT06bI KOpOJib npIIJie)KaJI 3aKotty; OHa )Ke BHYIIIIIJia eMy "lJIITaTb KHllfII, "lJT06bI HeKyetto pa36IIpaTb pa3Hbie 06b1-ciaII. Be.ZJ;b eBeToM y-cieHII.H ynpaBJI.HeTe5I
TeMHblll Mllp eeii, II pIIMJI5IHe HeKor.na no6e.ZJ;lIJill Bpa)K,ZJ;e6Hble HapO.ZJ;bl eIIJIOM
pa3yMa, He Beer.na OHM no6e)K.ZJ;aJIII opy)KIIeM ...
3a HayKy ea,ZJ;.HTe.H Bee IITaJilIKll np.HMO noeJie ,ZJ;eTeKoii norpeMyIIIKll, II BeIO
MOJIO,ZJ;e)Kb 3aeTaBJI.HIOT IIOTeTb B IIIKOJiaX. 0,ZJ;HIIM JllIIIIb TeBTOHaM Ka)KeTe5I
ll3JllIIIIHIIM lIJllI noeTbl,ZJ;HbIM o6y-ciaTb KOfO-JIII6o, KpOMe 6y.nymIIx KJIIIplIKOB.
Ho TbI, y-cietteiirnIIii uapb, npIIKa)KII BeeM no BeeMy I.J;aperny y-qIITbe5I, -ciT06b1
B npe,ZJ;eJiax eIIX uapeTBOBaJIII Tbl II My.npoeTb.
Beex ebIHOBeii eBoIIx BeJieJI OH [ <Dpll,ZJ;pIIx Eap6apocea] II3p5I.ZJ;HO o6y-qIITb.

N2 138. Colloquium, T.e. paaroeop )1lIJI ynpa)l(JleHHJI Ma.T.Ih'IHKOB B JiaTHHCKOH pe'IH, COCTaBJieHHhlH BIIepBhle
3Jii.4>pHKOM (1005), a 3aTeM pacnpoCTpaHeHHhlH yqeHHKOM
ero, 3Jii.4>pHKOM BaToil
Y-cieHIIKII. Mb1, MaJib"CJIIKII, rrpoeIIM Te6H, HaeTaBI:IIIK, Hay-ciIITb Hae roBoPIITb IIO-JiaTblHII npaBlIJibHO, IIOTOMY "CJTO Mbl Hey-q:II II fOBOpIIM HerrpaBlIJibHO.
HaeTaBHl1K. 0

-cieM xoT11Te BbiroBopIITb?

Y. qTo ttaM 3a6oTIITbe.H o TOM, -ciTo MbI 6y.neM roBop11Tb, JIIIIIIb 6b1 pe-cib
6bIJia npaBl1JlbHa.H, IIOJie3Ha.H, a He 6a6bH 6oJITOBH.H 11 He HeKa)KeHHa.H.
H. XoTIITe JIII, "CJT06b1 Bae nopoJIII npII y-qeHbe?

* Ilptt HMymecTBeHHOM pa3,neJie.
** B cpe,ntttte BeKa :>Kettrn;ttttbI, B o6meM, rpaMOTttee MY:>K'IHH.
*** MaTHJib,na BbIIIIJia 3aMy:>K B 911 r., OB.l(OBeJia B 936 r.
**** 1024-1039 rr.

433
y.

Jiycnne HaM 6bITb nopOTbIMM pa,n,11 yqeHb.SI, qeM OCTaBaTbC.SI HeBeJK,ll;a-

MM; HO Mbl 3HaeM, qTO Tbl M.SirOK 11 He CTaHeIIIb 611Tb Hae, eCJIM Mbl caMM Te6.SI
K 3TOMY He npHtty,ll;HM.
H. CnpaIIIMBaio Te6.SI, o qeM TbI 6yAeIIIb rosopHTb? lJ:eM, Hanp11Mep, TbI
3aHMMaeIIIbC.SI?

Y. .H

AaJI MOHaIIIeCKMM o6eT. EJKe,ll;HeBHO cosepIIIaIO c 6paT11eM no ceMb

rrecHoneHMM 11 3aH.SIT ~eHMeM 11 rreHMeM, HO TeM He Mettee .SI XOTeJI 6bI BbiyqMTbC.SI secTM pasrosop no-JiaTbIHM.
H.

A

Y.

0AH11 113 HlIX naxap11, Apyr11e nacyT oseu;, 6bIKOB, HeK0Topb1e ,ll;aJKe

qTo 3HaIOT BOT 3TM TBOM TOBapmu;11?

OXOTHlIKlI; MHbie pb16aKM, MHbie nTMIJ;eJIOBbl, eCTb Kyn IJ;bl, canoJKHlIKlI, COJieBapbI, XJie6HlIKM.
H. lJ:To cKaJKeIIIb TbI, rraxapb? KaK cnpaBJI.SieIIIb TbI csoIO pa6oTy?
Ilaxapb. 3x, rocno,ll;MH MOM, pa6oTaIO qepe3 c11Jiy; BbIXOJKy Ha paccBeTe,
BbffOH.SIIO BOJIOB Ha noJie, a nOTOM Bnp.SiraIO lIX B IIJiyr; HeT TaKOM cypoBOM
rrorO,ll;bl, qT06bI .SI nocMeJI OCTaTbC.SI ,ll;OMa, -

6oIOCb 6ap11Ha CBoero. KaK sa-

rrp.Siry .SI BOJIOB 11 npHJiaJKy pe3aK 11 COIIIHlIK K rreyry' TaK 11 naIIIY KaJK,ll;O,ll;HeBHO no u.eJioMy noJIIO, a TO 11 6oJibIIIe.
H. EcTb JIM y Te6.SI noMOIIJ;HMK?
Ilax. ECTb y MeH.SI MaJibqlIK, OH CTpeKaJIOM IIO,ll;rOH.SleT BOJIOB; OH TO 11
,ll;eJIO xp11nHeT OT HenorO,ll;bl 11 KpHKa.
H.

A

qTo TbI eme AeJiaeIIIb Ha AHIO?

Ilax. Pa3yMeeTC.SI, eme MHoroe ,ll;eJiaIO. lJ;oJIJKeH .SI HaKJiaCTb cetta B .SICJIM,
HanoMTb BOJIOB, y6paTb HaB03.
H. 3x, 3X, seJI11K TBOM TPYA·
Ilax. lla, so11cT11Hy seJI11Kl TeM 6oJiee qTo .SI ttecso6oAeH ... [ CJieAyeT p.SIA
IIO,ll;06HbIX

JKe ,ll;llaJIOrOB c npe,ll;CTaBMTeJI.SIMM Apyr11x 3aH.SIT11M, np11qeM pasro-

BOp noHeMHory nepexo,ll;MT B cnop o npe11MyIIJ;ecrne TOM 11JI11 lIHOM npocJ:>ecc1111].
HacT.

A

TbI qTo cKaJKeIIIb, Kyneu;?

Kyneu.. CKaJKy, qTo .SI noJie3eH 11 KopoJIIO, 11 seJibMOJKaM, 11 6oraqaM, 11
BCeMy Hapo,ll;y.
H. KaK

K.

JKe 3TO TaK?

CaJKycb .SI Ha KOpa6Jib co CBOMMM TOBapaM1111 IlJlbIBY B 3aMopCKMe Kpa.SI,

11 npO,ll;aIO CBOlI TOBapbI, 11 noKynaIO ,ll;parou.eHHbie npe,ll;MeTbl, KaKMX HeT B 3TOM
CTpaHe, 11 nplIBOJKY BaM CIO,ll;a no MOpIO, c BeJIMKOM onaCHOCTbIO; nopoIO TepnJIIO KOpa6JieKpyIIIeH11e, Tep.SIIO see CBOe MMyIIJ;eCTBO 11 e,ll;Ba cnacaIOCb caM.
H. KaK11e

JKe TosapbI TbI HaM np11B03MIIIb?

K. 11,BeTHbie MaTep1111, IIIeJIK, Aparou;eHHbie KaMHM, soJioTo, pa3Hbie o,ll;e' .HHM.SI, np.SIHOCTM, BMHO, MacJio, CJIOHOBYIO KOCTb, Me,Zl;b, PYAY, OJIOBO, cepy,

434
CTeKJIO rr T. rr. [Crrop o rrperrMyrn.ecTBe rrpocpeccrril: rrpo;J;OJI)KaeTcH, rroKa He
BblCTyrraeT rrpHMHpHTeJieM HeKHH ~MYAPblll COBeTqIIK~ ].

CoBe~rrK. ToBaprrrn.II II ;J;o6pb1e pa6oTHIIKrr! ,llaBaiITe rrocKopee pa3penrnM
3TOT crrop, II rrycTh 6y;J;eT Me)KAY ttaMrr Mttp rr corJiacIIe, II rrycTb Ka)K;J;blll
IIOMOraeT ApyroMy CBOIIM HCKYCCTBOM; coii;J;eMCH Bee Ha rraxape; OT Hero II
Harna rrrrrn.a, Ji KOpM JIOIIIa;J;HM HaIIIHM.

l1

BOT MOH COBeT BCeM pa60THIIKaM:

rryCTb BCHKIIH rrpIIJie)KHO TPYAIITCH Hall; CBOIIM ;J;eJioM; Be;J;b KOJIH Thi 6poCIIIIIb
;J;eJio, II ;J;eJio Te6H 6pocIIT. CBHill.eHHIIK JIH Thi, Mottax JIII, MIIpHHIIH IIJIH BOIIH,
yrrpa)KHHH ce6H B CBOeM ;J;eJie: 6y;J;b TeM, qTo Thi eCTb, II6o BeJIHKaH 6e;J;a II
CTbl,71; AJIH qeJIOBeKa He )KeJiaTb 6b1Tb TeM, qTo OH eCTb II qeM OH ll;OJI)KeH 6b1Tb.
HaCTaBHHK. MaJibqrrKrr, KaK BaM ttpaBIITCH CRH peqh?
YqeHHKII. BecbMa ttpaBIITCH, HO oqeHh y)K rJiy6oKOMbICJieHHO Thi roBopIIIIIh, Ji 3aBeJI Thi peqb BblIIIe Ramero pa3yMeHHH. fOBOpII )Ke c HaMH no pa3yMeHHIO HaIIIeMy, ;J;a6bl Mbl MOrJIII IIOHHMaTb CJIOBa TBOH.
H. TaK BOT, crrporny Bae, AJIH qero Bbl TaK ycep;J;HO yqIITecb?
Y. IloToMy qTO He XOTIIM Mbl 6b1Tb CKOTaMH Hepa3yMHblMII, KOTOpbie HIIqero He Be;J;aIOT' KpOMe TpaBbl ;J;a BO;l;bl.
H.

A

qero )Ke xoTIITe Bbl?

Y. XoTHM 6h1Tb MYAPhlMII.
H. KaKoiI MYAPOCTbIO? XoTrrTe JIII 6h1Tb H3BopoTJIIIBhl II yBepTJIHBhl, JIOBKH BO JI)KII, XHTpoyMHbl B OTBeTax, ce6e Ha yMe, B peqax ;J;06pb1e, B IIOMblCJiax AYPHbie, Ha CJIOBax CJia;J;KHe, a B Ayrne HA TaHrn.IIe, HKO rpo6bI IIOBaIIJieHHble, BHYTPH )Ke IIX TJiett?
Y. HeT, He TaKoiI XOTHM MYAPOCTH, H6o He MYAP TOT, ~o rrpIIKIIAbIBaeTcH
[My;J;pb1M], o6MaHblBaH 3TIIM II caMoro ce6H.
H. TaK qero )Ke Bbl XOTIITe?
Y. XoTHM 6h1Tb MYAPhlMII, B rrpocToTe, 6e3 JIIIu;eMeprrH, yiiTH OT 3Jia II
COTBOpHTb 6Jiaro. ,lloceJie, Oll;HaKO, Thi paccy)K;J;aernb c HaMH rJiy6oKOMblCJieHHee, qeM MO)KeT IIOHHTb Harn B03pacT. foBoprr )Ke c HaMH rro-HarneMy, He CTOJib
r Jiy6oKOMbICJieHHO.
H. C;J;eJiaIO, KaK rrpoCIITe. Tb1, MaJibqHK, qTo ;J;eJiaJI cero;J;ttH?
Y. Mttoroe. Hh1nqe HOqbIO, ycJiblXaB rrpII3hIB, H BCTaJI c no cTeJIH, BblIIIeJI
B u;epKOBb II rrporreJI c 6paTIIeiI ttoqttyIO cJiy)K6y; 3aTeM Mbl rrporreJirr cJiy)K6y
BCeM CBHTblM II yTpeHHee CJiaBOCJIOBtte; 3aTeM c eKTeHIIHMII Ji paH HIOIO o6e;J;HIO; 3aTeM -

qac rrepBblll II ceMb IICaJIMOB

qac TpeTHH, 3aTeM o6e;J;HIO Ha

;J;aHHbIH ;J;eHh; rrocJie cero MbI rrporreJirr qac UiecToil:, rroeJIII, rrorrIIJIII, rrocrraJIII II OIIHTb IIO;l;HHJIIICb, Ji rrporreJIII qac ;J;eBHTblll.

l1

BOT Mbl Terrepb rrepe,71; T0-

6oil:, rOTOBble CJiyIIIaTb, qTo Thi HaM CKa)KeIIIb.
H. Kor;J;a )Ke co6IIpaeTech Bbl rreTb BeqepIO rr KOMrrJieToprril: *?

*

CJiyJK6a, 3aKaH'IHBaIOrn;aH uepKOBHhrii ;:i;ettb.

435
Y. KorJJ:a rrpIIJJ:eT BpeM.H.
H. IIopoJIII Te6.H eeroJJ:IDI?
Y. HeT, II6o .H BeJI ee6.H JJ:06poHpaBHO.
H. Hy, a TBOII TOBapm.u;II?
Y. 3aqeM Thi errpanmBaeIIIb 06 9TOM MeIDI? 51 He eMeIO Bbl 6aJITbIBaTb Te6e
HaIIIIIX TaHH. Ka)KJJ:blH eaM 3HaeT, rropoJIII ero IIJIII HeT.
H. q TO Thi eIIIb Ha JJ:HIO?
y. IloKa eM M.Heo, II6o .H MaJibqIIK II XO)Ky ei.u:e IIOJJ: p03fOH (puer sum sub
virga degens).
H. A qrn ei.u:e Thi eIIIh?
Y. 0BOIIJ;II, .H:Hu;a, pb16y, eb1p, MaeJio, 606b1 II Boo6i.u:e Bee qIIeToe, B03JJ:aBa.H rrpII 9TOM XBaJIY f oeITOAY.
H. 0JJ:HaKO Thi rrpo)KopJIIIB, KOJIII ebeJJ:aelllb Bee, ~o rrepeA To6o:H rrocTaBIITh.
Y. HeT, .H He TaKOH o6)Kopa, qT06b1 3a OJJ:IIH rrpIIeeeT HaeeTbe.H Beex 6JIIOJJ:.
H. KaK rnK?
Y. 51 eM TO OT OJJ:HOro 6JIIOJJ:a, TO OT Apyroro, e yMepeHHOeTbIO, KaK rroJJ:06aeT MOHaxy, a nee rrpO)l{OpJIIIBOeTbIO, IIOTO My qTO .H ne qpeBoyrOJJ:HlIK.
H. A qTo Thi rrbelllb?
Y. IlIIBO, eeJIII ono eeTb, IIJIII BOAY, eeJIII neT y Men.H IIIIBa.
H. Pa3Be Thine IIbeIIIb BIIHa?
y. 51 ne eTOJib 6oraT II ne B eoeTO.HHIIII noKyrraTb ee6e BIIHO; Aa BIIHO II
He HaIIIITOK AJI.H MaJibqIIKOB II neeMblIIIJieHOB, a JJ:JI.H eTapu;eB II MYJJ:PblX.
H. fJJ:e e1UIII1b Tb1?
Y. B orroqIIBaJibne e 6paTIIe:H.
H. KTo IIOAHIIMaeT Te6.H K noqno:H eJiy)K6e?
y. 11noma .H eaM eJiblIIIY rrpII3blB II BeTaIO; IIHOrJJ:a naeTaBHIIK MOH 6yJJ:IIT
MeH.H eypoBO p03fOH.
H. 0, JJ:OeTOHHble MaJibqIIKII II rroqTIITeJibHb1e yqenIIKII! Balli BoerrIITaTeJib
HaeTaBJI.HeT Bae B eB.HIIJ;eHHblX rrpaBIIJiax IIOBIIHOBeHII.H, qT06b1 Bbl BeJIII ee6.H
IIOJJ:06aIOi.u:e BO Be.HKOM MeeTe. BbleTyrra:HTe BeerJJ:a 6JiaroHpaBno; KOfJJ:a Bbl
yeJiblllIIITe u:epKOBHblH KOJIOKOJI, BXOJJ:IITe B u:epKOBb; e MOJIIITBOH rrpeKJIOH.HHTeeb rrepeA 6JiaroeTHblMII aJITap.HMII, eTo:HTe 6JiarorrpIIeTOHHO, rro:HTe eorJiaeHO, MOJIII Teeb 0 eBOIIX rrperpeIIIeHII.HX, BblXOJJ:IITe qIIHHO [II IIJJ:IITe] B MOHaeTblpb IIJIII B IIIKOJIY.

N2 141a. KapTa MHpa (Mappa mundi)
(CoeTaBJieHa B CeB. fepMaHIIII (JIIOne6ypr) OKOJIO

* Ifa

1284 r.)*

MHOrQ'IHCJieHHblX Ha,ll,IIHCeii Ha KapTe (legenda) B3.S!Tbl JIHIIlb HeKOTOpbie.

436
[Ha noJrn:X KapThI]
Pall: - Ha Kpaii:HeM BocToKe. EcTh TaM .n;peBo nosHamrn: .n;o6pa H sna.
llpeBO CHe .n;eii:cTBHTCJlhHO Bll.n;HMO H TCJICCHO, KaK H BCHKOe .n;pyroe .n;epeBO.
KpyroM seMHhIM (orbis tarrarum) HashrnaeTcsi: OH no Kpyrnoii cBoeH: cpopMe, TaK KaK OH Bpo.n;e KOJieca. Co BCCX CTOpOH o6TeKaeT ero no Kpyry OKeaH
H .n;eJIHT ero Ha TPH qacTH, T.e. Ha Asmo, EBpony If AcppRKy. 0,a;Ha AsIUI cocTaBJIHeT noJIOBRHY CBeTa, EBpona If AcppRKa - .n:pyry10. PacceKaeT RX
Cpe.n;RseMHoe Mope. ASJrn HasBaHa ITO HMeHR HeKoii: JKCHhI, KOTopru1, ITO CBH,a;eTeJihCTBY .n;peBHHX, BJia,a;h1qecrnoBa.Jia Ha BocToKe. 3aHHMaeT oHa [AsHsi:]
TPCThlO CTOpOHY' orpaHHqHBaeTCH OHa c BOCTOKa BOCXO,ll;OM COJIHIJ;a, c IOra
oKeaHoM, c sana.n;a JKe HanrnM MopeM*. C ceBepa npe.n;en ee osepo lfJIH 6oJIOTO
Medeotis [AsoBcKoe] If peKa Tanay [L(oH]. MHoro B Hell: npoBRHU:HH, o6nacTeii: H OCTpOBOB.
EBpoITa HasBaHa no HMeHH .n;oqepH u;apsi: AreHopa, Koropasi: HOClfJia ro JKe llMSI.
AcppRKy, roBopsi:T, Ha3hIBaIOT ITO o,a;HoMy R3 ITOTOMKOB ABpaaMa H XerryphI, KOTOpbIH 3Ba.JICH Ecpep (Afer ). llMeeT H OHa OCTpOBa H npoBRHIJ;lfH, noJIOJKeHRe KOlfX H HCMHoroqI:ICJieHHble HX Ha3BaHIUI Thi Haii:.n;eIIIh Ha H3o6paJKemrn 3CMJIH, eCJIH ITOTpy.n;HIIIhCH nocMOTpCTh.
B ITepBhIH .n;eHh COTBOpHJI Bor CBCT' BO BTOpoii: TBep.n;h He6ecHyIO, B TpeTHH BH,ll;lfMOe Mope H 3CMJIIO ...
0 CJIOHax Thi .n;ocTaToqHo Haii:.n;eIIIh y rop, KOTOph1e HasBaHhI CeMh BpaTbeB. PaBHhIM o6pasoM, 0 ITOpo.n;e CliJlhHhIX co6aK OKOJIO CTpaHbl AJI6aHCKOH.
EcJIH nOHIIJ;CIIIb, CMOJKCIIIh HaHTlf.
<i:Mappa~ ecTh H3o6paJKeHRe; IT03ToMy <i:mappa mundi~ ecTb Rso6paJKeHRe
MHpa. TaKoBoe BnepBhie yqHHHJI IOnRii: Uesaph, pa3ocnaB JIIO.n;eii: no Bceii:
IIIIipli seMJIR: CTpaHhl, npOBlfHIJ;lfH, OCTpOBa, ropo,a;a, nyCThIHlf, 6oJIOTa, MOpSI,
rophl If peKH OH 06bC,ll;lfHlfJI BO BCeii: BH,ll;HMOCTH Ha 0,ll;HOM JIIiCTe; qTO .n;aeT
qHTaTeJIHM nOJih3Y HeMa.JiyIO, CTpaHCTBYIOIIJ;HM - ITpaBHJlhHOe HanpaBJICHHe
If ITpIUITHOe HaCJia)l(,ll;eHHC OT cosepu;aHHH nOITYTHhIX npe.n;MeTOB.
[ 3aTeM CJie.n;yeT' MeJK.n;y rrpoqHM, OITRCaHHC .n;BeHa.n;u;arn: BeTpOB].
[ Hso6paJKeHHe CITaCRTeJIH]
[HaBepxy KapTbI JIRK CITaCRTeAA, a no 6oKaM A If c npHITRcK010]: As ecMh
TiepBbIH If TiocJie,ll;HHH [AnoK, 1, 17].
[Ilo o6e cmpoHhI KapThI pyKH CrracHTeAA]: L(ecHRU:a focITo.n;a rnopHT clfJiy
[Ilea.JI. 117, 16]; 3eMJIIO pyKoIO o6beMJieT.
[Y HOf CITaCHTCJISI .n;Be npHnHCKH]: llo KOHIJ;a rnep.n; ITpe6nrna10; B MHJIOCTlf BCC 06pasy10.
* JlaHHaH KapTa, KaK H Bee cpe~HeBeKOBbie, coeTaBJieHa no pttMeKHM o6pa3QaM, ~o
Hae He ~orne~IIIHM.

437
Eupona

(faJIJIIDI]
[fopoJJ:a]
fpaA Agrippina, qTo HbIHe Colonia.
Argentina, otto iKe Strazburch.
Auctuerpia [Attrnepnett].
Aurelianis c. * [ OpJiean].
Basulas c. [5a3eJib].
Bononia c. [ByJiotth].
Burdigala c. [BopAo - Bordeaux].
Confluentia c. [Ko6Jiem1J
Dolatium c. [TyJiysa].
Gaudanum [feHT - Gand].
Lugdunum [Jllmtt].
Massilia [ MapceJib].
Mediomatricum, qTQ H Metis [ MeTu].
Magoncia [Ma:H:ttu].
Parisius c. [IlapHiK].
Pictavia c. [IlyaTbe].
Remis c. [Pe:H:Mc].
Spira c. [Illne:H:ep ].
Treveris c. [TpHp ].
Tullum [TyJih].
Turonis c. [Typ ].
Turicinum [QropHx].
Wangionum c., qTo H Wormacia [BopMc].
Verdunum c. [BepJJ:eH].
[PeKH]
Renus, KOTOpblll OTJJ:eJIJieT f aJIJIHIO OT f epMaHHH.
Scalda [Ille.lib/la].
Secana [B ApyroM MecTe, npH ycTbe] Sigona [Cena].
Maderna [Mapua].
Lier [Jlaypa].
Carun [fapotttta].
Bicornis flumen [JlByporaJI peKa, Potta].
[fopb1]
Mons lovis [IOmnepoBa ropa, II03JJ:Hee Catt Bepttap ].
• C. - civitas,

~ropo,l(~.

438
C1n1 ropbI Ha3bIBaIOTCH Vaseus [BoresbI, Vosges, Wasgau].
[fepMamrn]
[ 06JiaCTII II HapOLl,bI]
Alamannia, Austria, Bavaria, Budisin, rpaLI, II o6JiacTu [EyLl.bIIIIIIH; Eayue11 I.
A BOT SLl,eCb HeKorL1,a 6bIJia seMJIH ryttHOB.
Moravi - HapOLl,bI CJiaBHHCKIIe, K BOCTOKY OT qexoB, II IIMeIOT B coceLl,CTllt'
c OLl,HOH CTOpOHbI IIOMOpOB II IIOJIHKOB, a c Ll,pyroH: CTOpOHbI - BeHrpoB II CHll
perreHIIIIIH HapOLI, rreqeHefOB (pescinagi), KOTOpbie KOpMHTCH qeJIOBeqeCK11M
MHCOM. IlpelKHHH IlaHHOHIIH, HbIHe BettrpIIH.
Prucia [IlpyccIIH].
Saxonia.
Teutonia.
[fopoL1,a]
Wena [Bena].
Augusta c. [Ayrc6ypr].
Nurenberch c.
Ratispona c. [Perenc6ypr].
Olma [YJibM].
W erceborch [ B10pu6ypr].
OcTpOB Angia [na EoL1,encKoM osepe], rL1,e HM OLl,Ha sMeH ne MOIKeT Bpe
Ll,IITb qeJIOBeKy.
Constancia c.
Essia c. [ 3ccen].
Erfordia c. [ 3pcpypT ].
Halla c.
Maideburc [L{eBIIH ropoLI,, MarL1,e6ypr].
Halverstat.
Goslaria c.
Ebbekestorp*. [ 36CL1,0pcp B JI10ne6yprcKOH CTenII]. 3L1,eCb TIOK05ITC5I 611a
IKeHHbie MyqenIIKII* *.
Brema [ EpeMeH].
Polonie c. [Ilosnanb, Posen].
Praga c.
[BOLi.bl]
I1CTOK L{yttaH.
CeMb ycTbeB L{ynaH.
* Po,ZJ,1rna aBTopa KapTbI.
** Y6ttTbie B 880 r. HOBoo6pall(eHHbIMH
H rpacpoM.

cJiaB5rnaMH xpttcTttaHe BO rnaBe c errttcK0110~1

439
JleMaHcKoe osepo [)KeHeBcKoe], no KoTopoMy Ha3BaHa A.rreMamn1.
Albia [ 3Jib6a].
Wlta [MoJiti:aBa].
Sala [ 3aJia, HeM. Saale].
Ilmenowe [p. I1JibMeHay ].
Odera [ Oti:pa; Oder] II Albia BbITeKaIOT II3 MopaBcKIIX rop, HO Heti:oJiro
eKyT BMeCTe, a JIAYT B pasHbIX HarrpaBJieHII.six: Oti:pa HarrpaBJI.sieTC.sI Ha ceBep,
wlb61I51 Ha sarrati:, II B KOHI.J;e KOHU:OB BIIati:aIOT OHII B EplITaHCKIIH OKeaH.
[fopb1]
fopa, rti:e HaqlIHaeTC51 )lyHaH, Heti:aJieKO OTCTOIIT OT TOH, rti:e Haq1IHaeTC5I
•eHH.
Nigra Silva. [lllBapu;BaJibtJ:].
[IfTaJIII51]
[fopoti:a]
Ganna [feHy.sI].
Placentia c. [Ilb.siqeHu;a].
Mediolanum c. [MIIJiaH].
Papia [IlaBII.sI].
Cremona c.
Parma c.
Ferraria c.
Bolonia c.
Ravenna c.
Verona c.
Triuentina c. [Tp1Iti:eHT].
Venitia c.
Forum lulii [Terrepb Cividale di Friuli].
Perusium c. [Ilepyti:)Ka].
Pisa c.
Roma. Ilo o6pasu;y JibBa BbICTpoeH PIIM.
[ 3aTeM cJieti:yeT rrepeqeHb ceMII r JiaBHbIX u;epKBeii P1IMa]; Rotunda [ IlaHeoH], Cristancia c. [saMoK CB. AHreJia, o6oco6JieHHM OT PIIMa KperrocTb,
Hesti:o p1IMCKoro ti:Bop.sIHcrna, Me)Kti:Y rrpoq1IM, Moryqero poti:a Kpecu;eHTIIeB.]
Capua c.
Boneventa c.
Neapolis c.
Salerna c.
[OcTpOBa]
Capti:IIHII.sI soBeTc.sI CaHti:aJibHOIO, rroToMy qTo ona Harrot1:061Ie cTyrrHII
teJIOBeqecKOH.

440
Cap,n;J:IHHH Ha3BaHa OT uapH Cap,n;HHJ:IH, chrna fepKyJieca. Ha Heil He po,n;J:ITCR HJ:I 3MeJ:I, HJ:I BOJIKa ... EcTb TaM KopeHb, IlOXOJKJ:IH Ha annaCTp, KOTOpbIH CBO,ll;J:IT "lleJIIOCTlI, H JIIO,ll;H yMttpaIOT, TO"lJHO CMe.HCb.
Sicilia OT C1:1KyJia .uapH, 6paTa 11nUia. JleJKHT oHa npoTJ:IB 11Ta.JIHH. Otta
JKe 30BeTCR TpHHaKpHR [TpexBepIIIHHHaR]* no TpeM ropaM. )KHJI1:1 UJ:IKJIOTihI.
Ha tte:H: J:I3o6peTeHa KOMe,n;1:1.H.
[03epa]
A BOT s,n;ecb [Ha BepxHeM Ilo] ,n;Ba osepa; KTO 1:13 HJ:IX BbITiheT, yMpeT.
[ fia.JIKaHCKJ:IH TIOJIYOCTpOB]
Cm1 CTpatta - MaKe,n;oHH.H, OT MaKe,n;oHa uapR. 11 oHa po,n;1:1Ha A.lleKcaH,n;pa, 1:1 otta J:ICTJ:IHHaR fpeum1 ( vera Grecia).
Attica. CTpaHa 3Ta Ha3hrnaeTCR ATTJ:IKOH OT uapR ArrttMa, H f eJJJia,n;uell:
OT feJJJJa,n;a, CbIHa .lleBKa.JiyHa II Il1:1ppbl, J:I UimpoHHeH OT ilHKpona uap.H, H
Mecon1:1e.H OT Mecona uap.H, KOTOpbIH ee saceJJHJI.
BapBapcKJ:IX ttapo,n;oB cJiaB.HHCKJ:IX - 14.
B BeoTJ:IJ:I .n;Ba KJIIO"lla; H3 HIIX o,n;HH ,n;aeT naMRTh, .z:i;pyro.H - 3a6BeH1:1e.
ApKa.n;IIR po,n;J:IT ac6ecT - KaMeHb, KOTOpbIH, pas 3aJKJKeHHbIH, He MOJKeT
6bITb norymeH.
GRETA ... EcTb 3,n;ecb TpaBa n1:1TaTeJibHaR, pa3 OTKycnmh, ,n;oJJro He 6y,n;emb roJio,n;aTb. 3,n;ecb BnepBbie CTa.JIJ:I e3,n;J:ITh no Mopro, cTpem1Tb 1:13 JiyKa,
n1:1caTh; 3,n:ech ttay"tJJ:IJIJ:ICb BepxoBoii e3,n;e H MY3bIKe.
CTorpa.n: ropo,n;**.
llttKJia,n;hI. 3TJ:I ilJ:IKJJa,n;hI oKpyJKeHbI B feJIJJecnoHTe M1:1pTOBbIM MopeM.
B uettTpe Hx oCTpoB ,lleJioc, OH JKe 1:1 Ortigia, noToMy "tJTO Ha HeM BnepBbie
H306peTeHbl 6bIJIJ:I KorypHbI, KO TOpbie rpeKJ:I Ha3bIBaIOT ortygae.
Be,n;HhIH oCTpoB [ K1:1np], tteKor,n;a cJJaBeH 6hIJI 6oraTcTBaMII H 15-IO ropo.n:aM1:1. 3.n:ecb BnepBbie Han,n;eH II npnMeHeH 6hIJ1 3TOT MeTa.JIJJ.
Ilapoc. Ceil ocTpoB po,n:nT caMbIH 6eJibIH MpaMop.
CaMoc. C 3Toro ocTpoBa 6bIJI Ilmparop, H s,n;ecb TaKJKe J:I3o6peTeHbI 6hIJJH
r JJJ:IHRHhie cocy,n:b1.
[ CeBepHaR EBpona]
[Hapo,n;bI II CTpaHbI]
AJiaHhI, CKHcpb1, ,n;aKH, att0Kco6II1:1***, TporJio,n:HTbI, capMaTbI s.n:ecb
cxo ,n;RTCR MeJK,n:y OKeaHOM II llyHaeM. CyTh s.n:ecb H KBa,ZJ;bl, H reTbI, H Te, KOTOpbie B .n:peBHOCTJ:I Ha3bIBaJIHCb KaJIJIIITIO,ZJ;aMII.
3.a:ecb HeKor.a:a JKHJIH aBapbI, T.e. ryHHbI.

* T.e. TpeyroJihHa.51; aBTop noHHMaJI 6yKBaJihHO.
** B aHTH'IHOH Tpa,n,nunn KpttT na3bIBaJICH «cTorpa,n,HhIM~, 'ITO aBTop Ha3Banne ropo,na.
*** l1cnop'IeHHOe hamaxobitae, T.e. «Kn6nTKoo6nTaTeJin~.

441
Curlant [Kypmrn.n;1rn:], cBRperreiinrn:ii ttapo.n;.
A.nTapR AneKcatt.n;pa BeJIRKoro B rrpe,n;eJiax pa6acKOB.
Rucia regio [ aeMJUI PycH].
[ Ha1IaJibHbie CJIOBa CTepJIHCb!]... Te, KOTOpbie crrycTHJIHCb c 3THX rop B
HmKHIOIO CBeOHHIO [lllBeuHro ], Ha3bIBaIOTCH ttopMaHHaMH. OT 3THX ttopMaHHOB, KOTOpbie )l(HBYT 3a ,llaHHeii, rrpmIIJIH Te HOpMaHHbl, KOTOpbie )l(IIBYT BO
<l>paHUHH; a OT 3THX He,n;aBHO ArryJIHa IIOJIY1IHJia TpeTbHX HOpMaHHOB.
[fopo.n;a]
Gersanis [Kopcyttb, Xepcottec TaBpH11ecK11ii].
Kiwen c. [KueB].
N ovgardus c.
Plosceke [IloJIOUK].
BoT Pura, ropo.n; JlHBOHHH.
Smalentike.
Theodosia c.
[PeKR]
Duna [ 3. ,llBHHa].
Olchis, otta )Ke Wolcans [BoJixoB HJIH BoJira?].
Tanais [.llott]. Tatta11c 6bIJI u;apb CKH<f>oB, no KOTopoMy H rrpoaBaHa peKa,
KOTopaR oT,n;eJIHeT EBporry OT A3HH, rrpoTeKaR Me)l(,n;y ,n;ByMH 11aCTHMH cBeTa *.
f urrep6opeiiCKRe ropbI.
[OcTpOBa]
TapaKOHT ropo.n; 11 oCTpoB, KOTOpb1ii HaceJIHIOT TYPKH OT Kopem1 fora H
Morora, rrJieMH .n;HKOe H rpH3Hoe, cpe,n;H Bcex caMoe )l(eCTOKoe, e,n;HT MHco
I<morneii H MJia,n;ettueB * *.
[ OcTpoBa B 0Keatte]
BRITANNIA. fipHTaHHHH IlpHMopcKaR [IO)l(Hbie rpa<f>crna].
Dobra civitas [,llyBp ]***.
ANGLIA.
Cantuaria[ KettTep6apH].
Hibernia [11pJiaH,n;HH].
• Ha Hereford'cKoii KapTe (AHnnu1, 1280 ro.na) ynoM1maeTC.H KpoMe anrx eme Danapar
,llHenp].
** Ha Hereford'cKoii KapTe noMemeHo: Albatia•) - oCTpoB rpoMa.l(Hhiii, K HeMy OT
1mcpcKoro 6epera TPH t(H.R: ITJiaBaHH.R:.
•) T.e. a!-Baltia, Ha3BaHne fiaJITHKH B apa6cKoii cpopMe. I1MeeTCH B BR.UY JIH6o
KaH,l(HHaBH.R: (KoTopyro, HanpnMep, A.naM fipeMeHCKHH cquTaJI 3a OCTpOB), JIH60 OCTpOB
OTJiaHt(, KOHeqHblH nyHKT npe:llrneii apa6CKOH rnproBJill Ha ceBepe.
*** CTpaHHbIM o6pa30M Ha KapTe HeT JloHt(OHa, Ha ero MecTe ,llyBp.

442
Scotia [IlloTJiaH,[l.Iu1].
CmnIImnu:e MyHIIHbI. fop}'NH:e 1<.111oqrr*.
A BOT 3,[l.eCb nprr JieTHeM COJIHUeCTOJIHllll COJIHUe CBeTIIT

15 ,[I.Heil:.

Yslandia.
OcTpoBOB OpKHeHCKIIX

34,

II3 HIIX

20

nycTbIHHbIX.

A3IIJI
[ CeBepHaJI A3IIH]
AJI6aHIIJI BepxHAA. CTpatta aTa, KOTopaJI 30BeTCJI AJI6attIIe:H, HaceJieHa

26-

IO ITJieMeHaMII lI Ha3BaHa TaK no IJ;BCTY Hapo,[1.a, nOTOMY qTO OH pmK,[l.aeTCH c
6eJibIMII BOJiocaMH. HaqrrHaHCb Ha BOCTOKe, y Kacm1:HcKoro MOpH, oHa npoCTHpaeTCH B,[1.0Jib 6epera CeBepHoro OKeaHa ,[l.O MaoTIIHCKMX 6oJIOT, qepe3
MHOrIIe rrycTblHH. Co6aKII 3TOH CTpaHbl TaK BeJIIIKII II 3JI06Hbl, qTo MOryT pacTep3aTb 6hIKOB II JibBOB. EoJibllle y HIIX CMbICJia, qeM y ,l1.pyrIIx )KIIBOTHbIX,
M6o OHM 0,[l.HM 3HaIOT CBOe lIMH, JII06HT CBOMX rocno;:i:, 3all(HII(aIOT )KIIJibe, M.l1.YT
3a HIIX Ha CMepTb, no ,l1.06poii BOJie yCTpeMJIHIOTCH c X03HMHOM Ha ;:i:o6b1qy, He
OCTaBJIHIOT ;:i:a)Ke TeJIO Meprnoro X03HIIHa, TaK qTo no npHp0,[1.e CBOell: OHM He,[l.aJI eK II OT JIIOJJ:eii.
AMa30HKII. A BOT cTpaHa aMa30HOK. OHM -

)KCHII(HHbI, cpa)KaIOII(IIecR

KaK MY)KlJlIHbI.
Uapcrno KoJIXII,[1.a. 3,[l.eCh cpmmcocpbI BbI.l1.YMaJIII 30Jioroe pytto, 3a KOTOpbIM HK06bI oTnpaBIIJICH Motta**. BcJieti:CTBIIe qero Me)Kti:Y rpeKaMII II TpoHHaMII pa3rope.Jiacb BOMHa.
[for II Moror]. A BOT 3,[l.ecb AJieKcaHti:P 3aKJIIOqIIJI ti:Ba MepsKMX Hapoti:a,
KOTOpbie AHTlIXpIICT 6yti:eT MMeTb ce6e B TOBapHmax. 0HII nIITaIOTCJI qeJIOBeqbJIM MHCOM II nbIOT KpOBb.
fpmpbI-Hapoi:i:, OT HeHCTOBCTBa KOTOpbIX caKChI, KaK rOBOPHT, npouum B
fepMaHIIIO; Me)Key i:i:pyrnMII JIIO,l1.bMII A BOT aHTporrocparII -

OHII KaK CKOpIIIIOH MC)K.ZJ:Y )KHBOTHbIMM.

CKOpble JIIO,l1.M, II6o IIMCIOT HOI'M, noi:i:o6Hbie JI01lla-

,l1.IIHbIM; nMTaIOTCH MHCOM Il KpOBbIO JIIO,[l.eH.
fHpKaHCKllll Jiec, a B HeM nTHUbI, nepbH KOTOpbIX CBCTRTCH HOqbJO; TaM
)KC MHOI'O lI ti:pyroro 3BepbH.
SCITIA. CKHcpHH M,[l.eT OT Kpa:HHeii qacTII BOCTOKa ti:o caMoro oKeaHa,
saTeM c rroJI,[l.HH ti:o KaBKascKoro xpe6rn. K Hen npttJieraeT fHpKaHHH, B KoTopo:H

43

rrJieMeHM. B He:M: 6oJihllIMe peKH: 0Kc, ApaKc II T. JJ,. 3JJ,ecb Haxo-

ti:HT ti:paroueHHbie KaMHM, 30JIOTO lI )KeMqyr.

*

Eonrmi: Mona II3BeCTHa no HaJJ.IIIICHM. ::ho Ha oCTpoBe Man IIJIII Angle sey, rJJ.e
MHoro rraMHTHHKOB KaMeHHoro BeKa (KpOMAeXII, MeHrIIphl). fopHqJie KAIDqJI H
IlRTHaJ].QaTH)J;HeBHOe COAHQe )J;OA:JKHbl OTHOCHTbCH, HeBII)J;HMOMy' K licAaH)J;IIH.
Ionem BMecTo Iasonem.

**

443
Seres [ K1uaH:] *
[fopo.n;a]
CaMapKaH.n; ropo.n; (Samarcha**) Jie)lmT B Xasap1rn: (Gazaria), T.e. B
CK11.cl>cKoH: seMJie, - 6oJibllle BaB11.JI0Ha, 11.MeeT B oKpy)l(HOCTH CTO MHJib, BJia,neIOT HM coo6rn;a u:apb noraHblll M u:apb xpMCTHaHCKHll.
CKn:TonoJib: B .3TOH CKIIcl>IIn: rrporroBe.n;oBaJI C!>n:Jin:rrrr arrocTOJI.
Terbant c. Ulep6ettT ].
KaBKascKn:e ropb1 no.n;HHMaIOTC.H c 0Keatta K1uaH:cKoro, Ha BOCTOK, n:
OTKJIOH.H.HCb Ha ceBep, .n;oxo,n:.HT rroqTM .n;o EBponbI. )Kn:ByT TaM aMasoHKH,
MaccareTbI, KOJIXHA.HHe M capLJ;bI.
A BOT*** s.n;ecb Panothi [YlllaHbI] c ylllaMM TaKOH BeJin:qMHbI, qTQ rroKpbIBaIOT HMM Bee CBOe TeJIO.
[ MaJia.H AsM.H]
HmmH. Hbrne RH.Bbl TaM, r,Zl;e 6bIJI OH paspylllett* * * *.
IloHT, CTpaHa MHOfMX Hapo,n:oB. OT Hee n: Mope IloHT, Ky,n:a COCJiaHbl
6bIJIH 0BH,ll;IIH M KJin:MeHT * * * * *.
AJieKcatt,n:poB MOCT. ApaKc, peKa ApMemrn, 6epeT ttaqaJio c TOH )l(e ropbI,
KaK M EBcl>paT M TMrp. Kor,Zl;a AJieKcatt.n;p xoTeJI nepeHTM, OH rroCTpOMJI MOCT,
ao peKa c TaKOIO cn:JIOIO 3aJIMJia ero, qTo paspyllIMJia ero.
[fopb1]
ApapaT ropa. HoeB KOBqer******.
[ApaBM.H II Crrp1rn]
HasBam1e Apamrn osttaqaeT ~CB.HTa.H~, noToMy qTo otta seMJIH, po,n:mu;aH
cpMMMaM n: 6JiaroBOHH.H. Ee )l(e rpeKn: Ha3bIBaIOT CqacTJIMBOH, TaK KaK B ee
Jiecax rrpon:spacTaIOT MMppa II KOpMu:a. 3,Zl;eCb )l(e pO,Zl;HTC.H IITMU:a cl>eHMKC,
nyprrypoBoro U:BeTa, OTKy,Zl;a M MMH ee*******. Bo BCeM MMpe OHa O)J;Ha e.n;MHCTBeHHa.H ... Ilpo)l(MB II.HTbCOT M 6oJiee JieT' Otta, BM.n;H, qTo CTapeeT' co6MpaeT
ce6e KOCTep M3 6JiaroBOHHblX BeTBeH: n:, IIOBepttyBllIMCb K COJIHeqHbIM JiyqaM,
B3MaXOM KpbIJibeB B3parn;MBaeT ce6e IIJiaM.H M caMa ce6.H C)l(MraeT' a IIOTOM,

* Ha Hereford'cKoii KapTe: ~Seres [KttTaiiu:hl] nepBbie JIIOJ.J;H, KOTOpbie BCTpe'IaIOTC.H
nocJie rrycTbIHH; OT HMX IIIJIIOT KHTaHCKHe TKaHM1>.
** B XIII B. B :moxy MOHrOJibCKoro BJiaJ.J;hI'IecTBa, Ha Hmirneil: BoJire, tteCKOJibKO
BbIIIIe I1TMJI.H H n03J.J;HeiiIIIeii ACTpaxattH, 6b1JI rnproBbIM ropoJ.J; Sumerkent.
* * * Ha <PattTaCTM'IecKoM oCTpoBe.
**** TeM He Mettee Ha KapTe H306pa)KeH ropoJ.J;.
***** KJIHMeHT I, MOll{H KOToporo o6peTeHhI 6bIJIM B Kpb1My.
****** Ha KapTe - ropa, KOB'Ier 11 roJiy6h c MaCJIM'IHOM BeTKOH.
******* Ilypnyp no-rpe'I. ~phoinixi>

444
I:IMeHHO B .n;emITbIH .n;eHb, llTI:IIJ;a 110,ZJ;HI:IMaeTe.H I:I3 11ernia. 3oJIOTO 3TOH eTpaHbl HaI:IJiyqrnee.
A BOT 11.HTb ropo.n;oB eo.n;oMeKI:IX, llO)l(paHHbIX He6eeHbIM llJiaMeHeM I:I3-3a
Mep3oeTI:I )l(I:ITeJieii; HeKor.n;a OHI:I 6bIJII:I llbIIIIHee MepyeaJII:IMa, a HbIHe llO)l()l(eHbl; HallOMI:IHaHI:Ie eero BI:I.n;HO I:I eeiiqae Ha .n;epeBb.HX: I:I6o TaM pO.n;.HTe.H HaJII:IBHbie .H6JIOKI:I, e BI:I.ZJ;Y HaeTOJibKO e11eJibie, qTO B036y)l(.n;aIOT )l(eJiaHI:Ie eeTb, HO
KaK TOJibKO eopBeIIIb I:IX, OHI:I JIOllaIOTe.H, 11peBpamaroTe.H B llbIJlb I:I I:Ie11yeKaIOT ,ZJ;bIM, KaK 6y.n;TO .n;o eI:Ix 11op mp.HT.
Bml)JleeM ropo.n;*. lla 1103HaeT BOJI II oeeJI .HeJII:I roe110.n;I:IHa eBoero (Meaii.H,
1, 3). Ha JJ;BeHa.n;u;aToii MI:IJie OT BmpJieeMa B30IIIJia 3Be3.n;a 11aeTbip.HM.
Bosor, qTo II Bosra [ Eaepa].
Capharnaum. Ha BTopoii MI:IJie OT Hero ropa, r.n;e foe110.n;b I:Ieu;eJII:IJI 11poKa)l(eHHOro, a TaK)l(e Meern, r .n;e OH HaKopMI:IJI [ 5000 qeJioBeK].
Ghana Galylee**.
Gomorra.
IHERVSALEM. MepyeaJII:IM - eB.HIIJ;eHHeiirna.H eTOJII:Iu;a My.n;eI:I ... Ceil
eJiaBHeHIIII:IH ropo.n; .HBJI.HeTe.H BeeMy MI:Ipy r JiaBOIO Beex ropo.n;oB' I:I6o B HeM
e11aeeHI:Ie po.n;a qeJioBeqeeKoro eBeprnI:IJiocb eMepTbIO II BOeKpeeeHI:IeM foe110.n;a,
110 eJioBaM 1leaJIM011eBu;a: ~Uapb Moii OT BeKa~ II T..n;. CaM )Ke BeJII:IKI:Iii rpa.n;
eo.n;ep)l(I:IT rpo6 foe110.n;eHb, Ky.n;a e 6JiaroqeeTI:IBOIO aJiqHoeTbIO yeTpeMJI.HeTe.H
Beeb MI:Ip.
Mons Olyveti [MaeJII:IqHa.H ropa]. Ha eKJIOHe ee, Ha BOeToKe, Jie)l(I:IT, Ha
paeeTO.HHI:II:I 6porneHHOro KaMH.H, fe¢eI:IMaHeKI:IH ea.n;, r.n;e MOJII:IJie.H 11I:Ieye.
51¢¢a - ropo.n; B KOJieHe llaHOBOM, r.n;e Ha 6epery llOKa3bl BaeTe.H KaMeHb,
K KOTOpoMy 11pI:IB.H3aHa 6bIJia AHJJ;pOMe.n;a I:I oeBo 60)1(,ZJ;eHa llepeeeM.
Tyrus. TI:Ip - eTOJII:Iu;a <l>I:IHI:IKI:II:I B KOJieHe HaB¢aJII:IMOBOM ... l13BeCTHOeTb ero llOKOI:ITe.H 11pe)l(.n;e Beero Ha paKOBI:IHax I:I 11yp11ype. 3aJII:IB ApaBI:IHeKI:IH. llyTb ebIHOB l13paI:IJI.H***.
Meprnoe Mope. Ha3brnaeTe.H 3TO Mope CoJI.HHbIM I:IJII:I Ae¢aJibTOBbIM, eI:Ipeqb CMoJI.HHbIM, TaK)l(e MepTBbIM MopeM: HI:Iqero He po.n;I:IT )l(I:IBoro, He 11pI:IeMJieT I:I3 TBapeii )l(l:IBbIX; He I:IMeeT OHO pb16, He Tep11I:IT llTI:IIJ;, 11pI:IBbIKIIII:IX
Hblp.HTb, HO Bee )l(l:IBYIIJ;ee, llbITaIOIIJ;eee.H 11orpy3I:ITbe.H KaKI:IM 6bI TO HI:I 6bIJIO
o6pa30M, BbieKaKI:IBaeT, I:I KaK 6bI eI:IJibHO HI:I 6poeI:ITbe.H B Hero, eeiiqae )Ke
BbI6paebrnaeT Ha3a.n;.
CALDEA. B Heii B11epBb1e I:I3o6peTeHa 6brna aCTpOHOMI:I.H. A 3TY qaeTb
XaJI.n;eI:I .n;ep)l(aT 11epeb1.

* lfao6paJKeHbl roJIOBa BOJia H OCJia, a TaK:1Ke H 3Be3~a.
** HapttcoBatto 6 cocy~oB.
*** Ha KapTe rryTh oTMeqeH B BH~e oco6oii: rroJIOCbI qepes Mope.

445
A 3,ll;eCb HMKTO He )KMBeT M3-3a JibBOB M Me,L1;Be,L1;eii:, 6apcoB M TMrpoB. KMIIIMT 3eMJI51 TaK)Ke 3Me5IMM.
CTpatta IlepcM,ll;a. 3,ll;eCb BrrepBbie B03HMKJIO McKyccTBO MarMM. C10,L1;a
rrpM6bIJI HMMBpO,ll; rMraHT IIOCJie CMeIIIeHM51 513bIKOB If 3,ll;eCb HayqMJI rrepcoB
IIOKJIOH51TbC51 orHIO, M6o Bee B 8TMX Kpa5IX qTyT COJIHIJ;e, KOTOpoe Ha MX 513blKe tta3brnaeTc51

H el*.

IlepcM,ll;a ,ll;aeT orottb-KaMeHb, KOTOpbIH pyKy ,ll;ep)Kaiu:ero ero )K)KeT M rrpo)K.MraeT; 6JieCK ero paCTeT If y6brnaeT BMeCTe c JIYHOH.
Babel [BaBMJIOHCKa51 6aIIIH51], roBop5IT,

4000

IIIaroB Bbl c0Tb1**.

BaBMJIOHM51, rpa,ll; BeJIMKMii:; IIIMpMtta cTeHbI ero
oKpy)KHOCTb ero

480

50

JIOKTeii:, BbICOTa

200,

cTa,ll;Mii:; 3arrMpaeTC5I OH COTHeii: Me,ll;HbIX BopoT; peKa

EmppaT TeqeT rrocpe,ll;M Hero. OcttoBaJI ero HMMBpo,ll; rMraHT, a CeMMpaMM,ll;a,
u:apMu:a accMpMHCKa51, yBeJilfqMJia ero If BbIBeJia CTeHy M3 M3BeCTM If o6o)KeHHOro KMprrMqa.
Bagada [Bar,L1;a,L1;].
Yp XaJI,ll;eii:cKMii, cMpeqb orottb * * *.
EBcppaT -

peKa, O,ll;HOMMeHHa51 EBcppary MecorroTaMCKOMY, KOTOpM, 6ep51

HaqaJio B pa10, 6oraTa51 )KeMqyroM, TeqeT qepe3 BaBMJIOHMIO. MM51cBoe110JiyqMJia Otta OT IIJIO,ll;OB MJIM OT IIJIO,ll;O BMTOCTM, M6o IIO-eBpeiiCKM

eufrata

3HaqlfT

«IIJIO,L1;opo,L1;Me~. MecorrornMMIO OH opoIIIaeT TaK )Ke, KaK HMJI AJieKcatt,L1;pM10.
[ )l\MBOTHbie]
Antolops [aHTMJIOIIa] -

3Bepb 3eJIO poraTbIM, TaK qTo OXOTHMK He MO)KeT

,ll;a)Ke rrpM6JIM3MTbC51 K HeMy.
MypaBbM, BeJIMqMHOIO c co6aKy, oxpaH5IIOT 30JIOToii rrecoK.
[I1H,ll;M51]****
Paii: (Paradisus) M ,ll;peBo )Klf3HM, M qeTbipe peKM, rrpoMcTeKaIOIIJ;Me M3 pa51.
Asya tta3BaHa no HeKoeii u:apMu:e Toro )Ke MMeHM, rrepBa51 cTpatta ee
(A3M5I) Ha BOCTOK -

Pali, T.e. MeCTO 3Jiaqttoe If rrpMMeqaTeJibHOe BC5IKMMM

rrpM5ITHOCT5IMM, HO He,ll;OC5IraeMoe ,ll;Jl51 JIIO,ll;eM, OKpy)KeHHOe ortteHHOM CTeHOM
,ll;O caMoro tte6a. B HeM ,ll;peBo )Klf3HM, T.e. ,L1;epeBo; KTO rroecT IIJIO,ll;OB ero,
rrpe6y,L1;eT 6eccMepTHbIM, OCTaBa51Cb rrpM CBOeM B03pacTe. 3,ll;eCb 6epeT HaqaJio
MCToqmm, KOTOpbIM ,ll;eJIMTC51 Ha qeTbipe peKM; OHM XOT51 If rrorJIOIIJ;aIOTC51 3eMJieIO B rrpe,ll;eJiax pa51, HO OII51Tb BbIXO,ll;5IT Ha IIOBepxHOCTb B ,ll;aJibHMX Kpa5IX.

* fe.rmora6a.11.
** CM. KapTy.
*** Ha KapTe B03)IOKeHHbIH )KepTBeHHHK.
**** Ha attrnttii:cKoii: Hereford'cKoii: KapTe 1280 r.:
CBeTai.>.

d1tt;:i;m1, KOTopaH H ecTb Kpaii:

446
TaK, CVIICOH, KOTOpbIH soBeTC.s:I II fattroM, BbITeKaeT B I1HLJ:IIII c ropbI
0pKo6apa II, HarrpaBJI5151Cb Ha BOCTOK, BIIaL(aeT B OKeaH BocTOl.£HbIH.

f eoH

:>Ke,

IIHal.£e HIIJI, BbIXOM Ha IIOBepxHOCTb y ropbl ATJiaca, CKOpo rrporraL(aeT B 3eMJie, II, rrpoTeKa.s:I TaM CKpbITbIM Tel.£eH1IeM, BHOBb BbIJllIBaeTC.s:I y 6epera KpacHOro Mop.s:I, o6TeKa.s:I 3qmorrmo II ErlIIIeT, II BIIaL(aeT ceMbIO ycTb.s:IMII OKOJIO
AJieKcaHLI:PIIII B Mope CpeLJ:1I3eMttoe.
-

I1HLJ:II.s:I. Mttoro B tte:H ropoLJ:OB,

43

rrJieMeHII,

9

ttapOLJ:OB pasttoro 06b1-

qa51 II 06JI1IKa. · IIopo:>KL(aeT otta pasttoro 3Bep.s:I: 3aJia, MaHTIIKopy ... TaK:>Ke II
IITIIUY IICIITaK (rrorryra:H), 3eJieHoro UBeTa, c KpaCHbIM KOJibUOM BOKpyr IIIelI;
KJIIOB ee TaK KperroK, l.£TO Otta, CTpeMrJiaB 6poca.s:ICb c BblCOTbl Ha CKaJiy, rraL(aeT rrp.s:IMO Ha KJIIOB. foJIOBa :>Ke ee TaK TBepL(a, l.£TO eCJIII 6bI rrplIIIIJIOCb ee
IIOLJ: 6oLJ:p1ITb K yqettlIIO, TO tty:>KHO 6b1 61ITb ee :>KeJie3HbIM rrpyrnM. PoLI:IIT otta
TaK:>Ke Li:paroueHHbIH :>KeMqyr' rrpe1I3061IeyeT 30JIOTOM II cepe6poM; II01!BY IIMeeT CTOJib IIJIOLJ:OPOLJ:HYIO, l.£TO B HeKOTOpbIX MeCTax 6brnaeT L(Be :>KaTBbl. ,l{Ba B
Heil: JieTa II CTOJibKO :>Ke 31IM. ,l{epeBb.s:I TaKOH BeJIIIl.£1IHbl, l.£TO CMOKOBHIIUa y
KOpH.s:I TOJIIUIIHOIO B

40

rnaroB, TeHb OT BeTBeH Ha L(Be CTaL(IIII, JIIICTb.s:I :>Ke ee

BeJIIIl.£1IHOIO B IUIIT aMa30HKII. POLJ:51TC51 TaM pa3Horo poL(a KpaCKII II CJiaL(l.£aHnrne sarraxlI.
KIIHOKe<t>aJibl [ IleCblI fOJIOBbl] IIOTOMy' l.£TO rreCblI y HIIX fOJIOBbl II JIIIUa.
OLI:e:>KLI:a IIX -

3Bep1IHa.s:I IIIKypa, a roJioc -

Jiail: co6al.£1IH.

A BOT 3TII :>KIIBYT sarraxoM .s:I6JIOKOB II yMIIpaIOT, eCJIII OJUYTfil sarrax LJ:YPHOH.
I1XTIIO<t>arlI IIIITaIOTC.s:I TOJibKO pb16aM1I II IIblOT COJieHoe Mope.
IlattreHCKOe IIJieM.s:I yrrpaBJI.s:IeTC.s:I :>KeHIUIIHaMII; TaM 30JIOTbie ropbI, IIOJIHbie
:>KeMqyra, HO no MHO:>KeCTBY 3Meil: HeL(OCTYIIHbie.
ITIIrMelI [Li:epyTc.s:I] c :>KypaBJI.s:IMII.
Seres IIJIII Sines [ KIITaHUbI] 1Is6eraIOT ~srJI.s:ILJ:a JIIOLI:CKoro, 6yLJ:Y1!1I saKJIIOl.£eHbI B ropax.
Codestan c. [Ka6yJI] TaKoil: BeJI1I1.£1IHbI, 1!TO B MIIHY IIMeeT
Cotunare

[?] -

100 000

rnaroB.

raBaHb, r Li:e apaBIIHUbI II erlIIIT.s:IHe 6epyT y :>KIITeJieil:

l1HLJ:IIII rrepeu L(JI.s:I OTIIpaBKII ero BCeM HapoLI:aM.
3aJI -

3Bepb B I1HLJ:IIII; y Hero TeJIO -

CJIOHa, pora -

KOH.s:I, rpyLJ:b -

K03bl, XBOCT -

B JIOKOTb L(JllIHbI; OL(IIH II3 HIIX OH 3aKJiaL(bIBaeT Ha CIIIIHY,

KOrL(a cpa:>KaeTC.s:I Li:pyrlIM; OL(IIHaKOBO CIIJieH Ha cyrne II Ha BOL(e.

B

I1HLJ:IIII sMelI TaKIIe orpoMHbie, l.£TO rrporJiaTbIBaIOT oJieHeil: II rreperrJibI-

BaIOT L(a:>Ke OKeaH.

B

fattre BOL(IITC.s:I qepBb, KOTOpbIH IIOL(06Ho paKy IIMeeT L(Be KJieIIIHII; IIMII

CXBaTbIBaeT OH CJIOHa II Hblp.s:IeT c HIIM B BOLI:y*.

* Ha Hereford'cKoii KapTe: «Matt;:i;poropa - Kopettb 'Iy;:i;o;:i;eiicTBettttoii

CHJibI~.

447
Acpp1:rna
EGVPTVS cJiaBeH

100 000

rroceJiemrH:; He TeMH51T ero TycIII, He opornaIOT

ero .n:mK,ll,II, HO HIIJI, pa3JIIIBa51Ch, orrJIO,ll,OTBOp51eT ero.
Alexandria c. Ee BbICTpOIIJI AJieKcaH.n:p BeJIIIKIIM. 3.n:ecb rroCTpa.n:aJI CB.
eBaHreJIIICT MapK*.
feJIIIOIIOJih -

CTOJIIIIJ;a ErmITa, r.n:e <DapaoH II MoIIce:H coBeprnIIJIII Bee

3HaMeHII51.
iKIITHIIIJ;a 11ocIIcpa * *.
iKIIBOTHbie]
Cocodrillus. 3n1 KpoKO,ll,IIJihI )l(IIBYT B 11H.n:e***.
Meroe ocTpoB. Hapo.n: Ha HeM MII3IIHHOro pocTa, HO o"tJeHb )l(IIBy"tJ. YKpomaeT )l(IIBbIX KpOKO,ll,IIJIOB II KaTaeTC51 Ha HIIX rrocpe,ll,IIHe peKII.
TpIIIIOJIIITaHCKa51 CTpaHa HashrnaeTc51 rro "IJIICJIY Tpex 6oJihrnIIx ropo.n:oB.
OpaKyJI AMMOHa. EcJIII K ceMy KaMHIO**** CII51IIJ;IIM rrpIIKJIOHIIT roJioBy,
OH ysHaeT 6y.n:ymee, KaK fOBOp51T HeKOTOpbie.
Uapcrno HyMII,ll,II51. 3.n:ecb Haxo.n:IITC51 JIY"l!IllIIM MpaMop.
KapcpareH BeJIMKIIM. BTopoe yKparneHIIe seMJIII rrocJie PIIMa.
A BOT rop51"l!IIe KJIIO"lJII, ,L(JI51 6oJibHblX o6Jief"lJeHIIe, ,L(JI51 BOpOB

CJieIIOTa.

Morrogia [MopoKKo]
fIIrrrroH. 3.n:ech 6b1JI errIIcKorroM 6Jia)l(eHHhIM ABrycTIIH.
ATJiac ropbl -

Ha KOTOpbIX, BBM.ll.Y IIX BbICOTbl, 6hIJIO BrrepBbie, KaK ro-

BOp51T, rrpII,ll,yMaHO acTpOHOMII"lJeCKOe IICKYCCTBO.
3cpIIOIIII51
XIIpoH -

BOCIIIITaTeJih AxMJIJia.

A BOT 6e3JIIO,L(Hble rrycTbIHII II He"lleJIOBe"tJeCKIIe JIIIKII "l!Y.ll.OBIIIIJ;HbIX IIJieMeH. 0.L(HII pa3eH.

y

6es HOCa, Bee JIIIIJ;O IIX -

pOBHOe II IIJIOC Koe. BII,ll, IIX 6eso6-

.n:pyrIIX yCTa cpoCJIIICb, II OHII -qepes MaJieHbKYIO ,L(blpKy cocyT e.n:y

OBC51HbIM KOJIOCOM.
A BOT rrJieM51, He sHa10mee orH51.
A BOT IIJieM51 6es 513bIKa, o6b51CH51IOTC51 KIIBKaMII II ,L(BII)l(eHII51MII.
A BOT MaBpIITaHCKIIe 3cpIIOIIbI: "tJeTbipe rJiasa IIMeIOT, II 3TO pa.n:II MeTKOM
CTpeJib6bI.
Hapo.n: IICIIJIJIOB )l(IIJI B 3TOM MeCTe. IlJieM51 COBeprneHHO HeBepo51THOM
rrpIIpO,ll,bl, sammn;eHHOe OT 3MeMHOfO 51,L(a.

* Ha Hereford'cKoi1 KapTe: «KattoncKHM ocTpoB (tta HHJibCKoi1 .lleJihTe), 6oraTeihm1i1,
HaTIOJIH.HIOIIJ:HM Kpyr 3eMHOM BCJIKOfO po)l;a TOBapaMHi>.
* * TittpaMH,ll,bl.
*** OnttcKa nttcQa: BMecTo nilo 'IIITaJI nido, OTKyJl;a indo.
**** I1CTO'IHIIK B onpaBe 113 KaMHeM.

448
TpaKarMJJ.bI 6eraK>T c Ta.KOH 6b1crporoii, "lffO Mo:ryr cpaB IDITbCH c JI<HBOTHbIMII.
A BOT TporJIO.ll;HTb1*; )KMJibe MX - rrem;epb1.
( )KMBOTHbie)
BacmrncK. Cmi: seMJI.H po.a;in BaCMJIMCKa, 6e.a;y, e,a;MHCTBenuyro B MMpe.
3Meii OH, B IIOJicpyTa AJIMHbl.
B 3cpMOITMM eCTb )l{MBOTHoe, KOTopoe naahrnaeTc.H Yena, )l{HBeT ono B ycb11Ia.JibHHllaX MepTBbIX ll IIMTaeTC.H HX TeJiaMH.
B 3TOM MeCTe, Me)l{.n:y ErlirrToM, 3cpHorrHeii M JlMBHeii, - pasnoro po.a;a
JieCHbie o6e3b.HHbl, ll3 KOTOpbIX rrepBbIH Bll,ZI: Mbl Ha3bIBaeM Boo6m;e o6e3b.HHaMH; ,n:pyrn:x - XBOCTaTbIMM o6e3b.HHaMM; TpeTbHX - rrecberJiaBbIMH; qernepTbIX - cqnrnKcaMn:; II.HTbIX caTMpaMII IIIeCTbIX - cpaBHaMM.
Strucio [ cTpayc].
IlporraBrnMii OCTpoB. Ero HarneJI CB. BpaH,n:au, a Kor.n:a yexa.JI c nero, TO
OCTpOB HMKeM lI3 JIIO,ll;eR y)l{e 6oJiee ne 6bIJI HaRJJ:eH**.

NQ 141u. Cue,ZJ;eHHB apa6cKoro rryTemeCTBeHHHKa
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451
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I

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17

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OT

18

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31

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18

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11

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B qpe3Bbl1laHHbIX c.nyqa.Hx II tty)K,l};aeTc.H B pa,n;i1KaJibHbIX II3MeHeHII.HX. Co6paBIIIIIHC.H B 3iiseHaxe cbe3A 6bIBIIIIIX rrapJiaMeHTCKIIX JJ;e.HTeJieii Bb1pa6oTaJI rrporpaMMy ycTpoiicrna repMaHCKOro COI03HOro rocyJJ;apcrna, IIOA BepxoBeHCTBOM
TipyccHH, Ha HaqaJiax rrapJiaMeHTapHsMa. PesyJibTaToM cbe3JJ;a 6bIJio o6pasoBaHHe TaK Ha3hrnaeMoro ~Han;HOHaJibHoro o6m:ecrna» (Nationalverein). B BaJJ;eHe yrrpaBJieHHe JJ;eJiaMII rrepe1IIJ10 B pyKH JIH6epaJioB. 3HaqHTeJibHbie ycrrexII
JIII6epaJIH3M cJJ;eJia.n TaK>Ke B BaBapHH II B10pTeM6epre. B f ecceH- KacceJie
npOII301IIJIO HOBOe CTOJIKHOBeHIIe Me)KJJ;y rrpaBIITeJibCTBOM H ceiiMOM, 11 TOJibKO 6JiarOJJ;ap.H 3HeprHqHoMy BMemaTeJibCTBY TipyccIIH rrpaBIITeJibCTBO ycryrrIIJIO II CTapa.H KOHCTIIT)'IJ;IIJI 6bIJia OKOHqaTeJibHO BOCCTaHOBJieHa. B BeJIHKOM
repu;orcTBe fecceHCKOM MIIHHCTepcTBO l{aJibBHra BOCCTaHOBHJIO rrpoTHB ce6.H
HapoA rrpecJieJJ;oBaHH.HMH ~Han;IIOHaJibHoro o6m:ecTBa». B Haccay o6pas JJ;eiiCTBHH rrpaBHTeJibCTBa B BOIIpoce 0 rocyJJ;apcrneHHOM HMym:ecrne Bbl3BaJI pe3KYIO orrrrosHn;IIIO ceiiMa. Ha rrpo6y)KJJ;eHHe HAeH eJJ;HHCTBa fepMaHHII Morym:eCTBeHHO IIOJ];eHCTBOBaJIO rrpa3JJ;HOBaHHe 100-JieTHero I06IIJie.H lliIIJIJiepa ( 10
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IIOHIIMaJiaCb: ~HaIJ;HOHaJibHOe o6m:ecTBO» MeqTaJIO 0

f epMaHHH

IIOA rereMOHH-

eii IlpyccHH, c IICKJII01IeHHeM ABCTpHII, a OCHOBaHHbIH B 1852 r. ~Beformvere­
in» Tpe6osa.n o6beJJ;HHeHHJI fepMaHIIII Ha CTporHX cpeJJ;epaJIHCTifqeCKHX OCHOBax B TaK Ha3bIBaeMOH ~70-MIIJIJIMOHHOH MMIIOpT». B 1861 r. caKCOHCKHH MIIHIICTp BeiicT BbICT)7IIHJI c rrpoeKTOM rrpeo6pa30BaHHJI COI03a, no KOTOpoMy
npeJJ;CeJJ;aTeJibCTBO B COI03HOM ceiiMe J];OJI)KHO 6bIJIO rrpIIHaJ];Jle)KaTb rrorrepeMeHHO ABCTpMM H IlpyCCIIII II rrpM HeM, B BIIJ];e COBell{aTeJibHOro opraHa, AOJI)KeH
6bIJI COCTOJITb COBeT H3 BbI6opHbIX OT MeCTHblX rrapJiaMeHTOB. 3TOT rrpoeKT BbI3BaJI Macey B03pa)KeHHM. JlH6epaJibl HaCTaIIBaJIII Ha rrapJiaMeHTe II CJibIIIIaTb
He xoTeJIII o co6paHIIH JJ;eJieraToB; AscTpH.H HeoxoTHO corJiama.nacb JJ;eJIIITb
npeJJ;CeJJ;aTeJibCTBO c IlpyccIIeii, a rrocJieAH.H.H 3a.HBIIJia, qTo cqIITaeT paspemeHIIe fepMaHCKOro BOIIpoca B03MO)KHbIM TOJibKO rrpM ycTpOHCTBe 6oJiee TeCHOro
coI03Horo rocyJJ;apcTBa. IIepBbIM maroM Kero ocym:ecTBJieHHIO .HBMJIIICb soeHHbie KOHBeHIJ;IIII TipyccIIH c MaJieHbKIIMII rocyJJ;apcTBaMII, HaXOJ];HBIIIIIMHCJI
B ccpepe ee BJIIIJIHH.H. B asrycTe 1863 r. BO <DpaHKcpypTe co6paJIC.H KOHrpecc
HeMeIJ;KHX rocyJJ;apeii, IIOA JIMqHbIM rrpeJJ;CeJ];aTeJihCTBOM HMrrepaTopa

<I>paH-

u;a-HocIIcpa, Ha KOTOpb1ii: ABCTpII.H BHecJia CBOM co6crneHHbiii: rrpoe1<T rrpeo6pasoBaHH.H COI03a. IlpeJJ;JiaraJIOCb y1IpeJJ;IITb AIIpeKTOpHIO II3

5

rocyJJ;apeii, B

pyKaX KOTOpoii cocpeJJ;oTOqHBaJIOCb 6bI BepXOBHOe yrrpasJieHIIe JJ;eJiaMH COI03a;
COI03HbIH COBeT II3 21 qJieHa, Ha3HaqaeMbIX OTJJ;eJibHbIMII rrpaBHTeJibCTBaMH, H
co6paHIIe H3 300 ,l(eJieraTOB, MMeIOil{HX rrpaso C'be3)KaTbCJI BO ct>paHK<j>ypTe
qepe3 Ka)K,ll;ble 3 roJ];a. 3TOT rrpoeKT, rrpIIH.HTblH KOHrpeccoM B rJiaBHbIX CBOHX

458
OCHOBaX, OKa3aJIC.SI Meprnopoml(eHHbIM, BCJiel(CTBHe OTKa3a IIpyccHH yqacTBOBaTb B KOHrpecce. 3acel(aBIIIHii OJJ:HOBpeMeHHO c KOHrpeCCOM Cbe3JJ: HapoJJ:HbIX rrpeJJ:CTaBHTeJieii BbICKa3aJIC.SI B TOM CMbICJie, 1.JTO )l(eJiaHHH HeMeu;Koro
Hapol(a MoryT 6bITb y JJ:OBJieTBOpeHbl TOJlbKO rrapJiaMeHTOM, H36paHHbIM
HerrocpeJJ:CTBeHHO BOJieii HapoJJ:a; Ta me MbICJib 6b1Jia BbipameHa H rrpyccKHM
MHHIICTepCTBOM lIHOCTpaHHbIX l(eJI, B ero JJ:OKJial(HOH 3aIIHCKe KOpOJIIO ITO
IIOBOJJ:Y aBCTpHiiCKOro rrpoeKTa. Ho y IlpyccHII B TO BpeMH 6bIJIII CB.SI3aHbl
pyKn BCJieJJ:CTBIIe BHyTpeHHHX 3aTPYJJ:HeHIIii. MemJJ:y rrpyccKHM rrpaBHTeJibCTBOM H IIaJiaToii l(erryTaTOB rrpOH30llIJIO CTOJIKHOBeHJie ITO BOrrpocy 0 peopraHH3aIJ;lIH apMHH. JlII6epaJibl, pacrroJiaraBIIIHe 60JibllIHHCTBOM B IIaJiaTe, OTBeprJIH rrpoeKT rrpeo6pa30BaHH.SI apMHH, COCTaBJI.SIBIIIHH JIHl.JHOe l(eJIO caMoro KOpOJI.SI. IlaJiaTa 6b1Jia pacrrym:etta H JIH6epaJibHOe MHHIICTepcTBO 3aMeHeHO
KOHCepBaTHBHbIM. Eopb6a ycHJIHJiaCb, KOrl(a BO rJiaBe MHHHCTepcrna 6bIJI rroCTaBJieH fincMapK. He JJ:06HBIIIHCb OT HOBoii rraJiaTbI rrpHH.SITH.SI noeHHoro 3aKOHa, EIIcMapK 3a.SIBHJI, l.ITO rrpaBJITeJibCTBo BHJJ:HT ce6.SI BblHymJJ:eHHbIM yrrpaBMTb 6e3 COJJ:eiicTBH.SI rrap.llaMeHTa. HeJJ:OBO.llbCTBO B HapoJJ:e pocJIO, IIOTOMy l.ITO rrpaBHTeJibCTBO rrpoJJ:OJI)l(aJio B3HMaTb HaJiorII 6e3 yTBepmJJ:eHH.SI
rrapJiaMeHTa, B03JJ:BHI'JIO roHeHIIe rrpOTIIB JIJI6epaJibHbIX 1.JHHOBHIIKOB, CTeCHHJIO CB060JJ:Y rreqaTJI H T. II.
Me)l(JJ:y TeM Ha cqeHy BbICTYIIHJI IlIJie3BHr-foJIIIITHHCKHii BOIIpoc, a c HHM
H HOBbie OCJIO)l(HeHH.SI, IIOJIO)l(IIBIIIIIe Hal.JaJIO IIOJIHOMY rrepeycrpoiicrny f epMaHHII. IloJJ:IIHCaHHa.SI HOBbIM KopoJieM Xprrcrn:aHoM IX, B HOR6pe

1863 r.,

06-

m:aH KOHCTHTYllHH JJ:.ll.SI IlIJie3BHra H ,l{aHHH Bbl3BaJia B fepMaHHH rop.Rl.IHe
CHMITaTHH K IIIJie3BHf-roJIIIITHHllaM. Ilo IIOCTaHOBJieHHID COID3HOro ceiiMa, caKCOHCKHe H raHHOBepCKHe BOHCKa BCTYIIHJIH B fOJillITHHHID. ,l{aT1laHe OTCTYIIHJIH
H HaceJieHHe rrpOB03rJiaCIIJIO CBOHM repu;oroM <DpHJJ:pHxa ABrycTeH6yprcKOro. IIocJie OTKa3a ,l{aHHH oTMeHHTb JJ:aTcKO-IIIJie3BHrcKyID KOHCTIITYllHID, ABcTpHH H IlpyccHH BOIIIJIH B ceiiM c 3a.SIBJieHHeM, 1.JTO OHM 6epyT B CBOH PYKH
3aID:HTY repMaHCKHX rrpaB. IloTepneB rropameHHe, ,l{aHHH 6bIJia BbIHY)l(JJ:eHa
corJiaCHTbC.SI Ha ycJIOBHH BeHCKOro MHpa (oKrn:6pb,

1864),

ITO KOTOpoMy OHa

OTKa3aJiaCb OT IlIJie3BHra, fOJIIIITIIHIIH II JlayeH6ypra B IIO.llb3Y ABcTpmI II
IlpyccmI. HaJJ:emJJ:bI HeMu;eB Ha caMOCTOHTeJibHYID opraHII3al.(HID repu;orcrn He
orrpaBJJ:aJIHCb: rrpeJJ:JiomeHrre ABcTpHH rrepeJJ:aTb repl.(orcrna npHHl.(y ABrycTeH6yprcKoMy 6bIJIO OTKJIOHeHo IlpyccIIeii. Korl(a fiaBapIIH, CaKCOHIIH II fecceH.l{apMIIITaJJ:T BOIIIJIII B COID3HblM ceiiM c rrpeJJ:JIO)l(eHIIeM .lJ,OCTaBHTb rrpe.n,cTaBIITeJIHM repu;orCTB B03MO)l(HOCTb BbICKa3aTbCH 0 IIOJIO)l(eHJrn CBoeii CTpaHbl, o6e
BeJIHKIIe .n,epmaBbI 3aKJIID1lHJIH Mem.n.y co6oii, B anrycTe

1865 r.,

faIIITeiiH-

cKyID KOHBeHIJ;HID, JIMillb HeHal(OJII'O OTCpDl.IMBrnyID CTOJIKHOBeHHe. ABcTpH.SI CTapMaCb CKJIOHIITb Ha CBOID CTOpotty cpel(HIIe repMaHCKIIe rocyJJ:apcrna, a IlpycCH.SI 3aKJIID1.JHJia o6opOHIITeJibHbIM II HaczyrraTeJibHbIM COID3 c I1TaJIHeii, o6em:aB

459
ell:, B cJiy-qae rro6e.n:b1, BeHeu1uo. 9 arrpem1 1866 ro.ua Tipycorn: BHecJia B
COI03HbIM cell:M rrpe,UJIOJKemie C03BaTb repMaHCKIIll rrapJiaMeHT' 1rn6paHHblll
rrp.HMoH: II o6meH: rro.n:a-qe:H roJiocoB, .UJI.H o6cyJK.UeHII.si: rrpoeKTa rrpeo6pa3oaaHII.H coI03HOM KOHCTIITYUIIII. Ha rrpe.n:JioJKemie ABCTp1rn o B3aIIMHOM pa3opyJKeHIIII TipyccII.H lI3b.HBIIJia corJiaCRe, eCJIII ABCTplI.H rrpeKpaTIIT CBOII aoopyJKeHII.H rrpoTIIB l1TaJIIIlI. Tipe,UJioJKeHHblll HeMTpaJibHbIMII .uepJKaBaMII MIIpHblll
KOHrpecc B TiapIIJKe He COCTO.HJIC.H, II B IIIOHe 1866 r. Ha"l!aJiaCb BOMHa, KOTOpa.H MOJKeT C"l!IITaTbC.H rpaHbIO MeJK.uy CTapoH: II HOBOH f epMaHIIeH:: rro6e,Ubl
rrpyccKoro opyJKM.H rro.n:roTOBIIJIII repMaHcKoe o6be,UHHeHIIe. B o6ttapo.uoBaHHOM .n:o Ha"llaJia BOHHbI Mam1cpecTe KopOJib BHJibreJibM TOpJKeCTBeHHO 3a.HBJI.HJI,
"l!TO BbIHYJK.UeH pemIITbC.H Ha BOMHY «BO IIM.H Hau1mHaJibHOro pa3BIITR.H fepMaHIIH~, «BO HM.H H,UeII HeMeuKoro e,UIIHCTBa~. K 3TOMY e,UHHeHRIO B3bIBaJIII
II Tpe6oBaHII.H, c KOTOpbIMII o6panrnacb Tor.ua TipyccII.H K faHHOBepy, CaKcoHIIII II fecceH-KacceJIIO. Bee TPII rocy.uapcTaa OTBeTIIJIII, o.n:HaKo, OTKa30M - II 20 IIIOH.H :hpyccKIIe BOllCKa BCTJIIIIJIII B rrpe.n:eJibl lI~ TeppRTOplIM.
Xo.u BoeHHbIX .ueH:cTBIIM 6b1JI c caMoro Ha"llaJia 6Jiarorrp1I.HTeH ,UJI.H xopomo opraHM30BaHHOM rrpyccKoH: apMRM. IIocJie KarrIITYJI.HU.MM raHHOBepcKIIX BOHCK
rrpII JlaHreH3aJibl(e 6bICTpo IIOCJie,UOBaJI p.H,U y.ua"l!HbIX ,UJI.H TipycclIII MeJIKIIX
CTbI"lleK, a 3 RIOJI.H, B cpaJKeHRII rrpn: Ca.n:oBo:H (Kemirrpeu,e), rrpyccaKR o.n:epJKaJIH peIIIHTeJibHYIO rro6e.n:y Ha.ZJ: 06be.n;1rneHHblMII aBCTpHHCKIIMII II caKCOHCKIIMII BOMCKaMM. ABCTplI.H 6bIJia BbIHYJK.UeHa 3aKJIIO"l!IITb, 26 IIIOJI.H, rrepeMIIpIIe B HIIKOJibc6ypre R rrplIIDITh BbICTaBJieHHbie TipyccMeH: ycJIOBII.H flpa)f(CKOzo .Mupa ( 11/23 aBr.): IICKJIIO"lleHIIe ABCTplIM II3 COCTaBa fepMaHCKOro COI03a
II ee cornacIIe Ha o6pa3oBaHIIe Ceeepo-I'epJ1w11c1wzo coI03a, rro.u rJiaBeHCTBOM
TipyccIIII, II Ha rrpMcoe.n:MHeHMe K TipyccMII faHHOBepa, Haccay, fecceH-KacceJI.H, <DpaHKcpyprn, lllJie3BIIra II foJIIIITIIHIIM. IOJKHo-repMaHCKMe rocy.n:apCTBa no 3TOMY .uoroBopy OCTaBaJIIICb He3aBRCIIMbIMII II MorJill JIIIIIIb BCTyrraTb
a .n:oroBopHbie OTHOIIIeHH.H c TipyccJie:ii II CeB. -f epMaHCKHM COI030M. EJiaro.n:ap.H IICKYCHo:ii rroJIIITHKe EIIcMapKa, ycrreBmero o6ecrre"llMTb tte:iiTpaJIIITeT
coce.n;HMX rocy.n:apcrn II coBepmeHHO o6oiinr HarroJieoHa III, Ilpyccmi MOrJia
.n:o6RTbC51 3TIIX 6JieCT511l(IIX pe3yJibTaTOB, HlICKOJibKO He IIOCTyrra.HCb lIHTepecaMR fepMaHIIII. BttyTplI CTpaHbI COCTO.HJIOCb IIOJIHOe rrplIMHpeHIIe MeJK.UY
rrpaBHTeJibCTBOM II ttapo.n:oM. lfa cpe.n;bI .n:erryrnToB BbI.ZJ:eJIIIJiacb oco6a.H rrapTII.H UaUiUOUaJZ-JlU6epall06' IIOCTaBIIBIIIa.H CBoe:ii u,eJibIO IIOJIHOe 06be,lllrnett1Ie
BCex repMaHCKIIX rocy.uapcTB, ITO)], rJiaBeHCTBOM rrpyccKoro KOpOJI.SI. TiapTII.H
3Ta MaJIO-IIOMaJiy pacrrpoCTpaH.HJia CBOe BJIII.HHIIe II np1Io6peTaJia a.n:errTOB BHe
TipyccHII. 0)],HOBpeMeHHO c ee rrporraraH,UOH IIIJIO II cpaKTII"l!eCKOe c6JI1IJKeH1Ie
repMaHCKHX rocy.uapcrn 6Jiaro.n:ap.sr y-qpeJKti:eHIIIO ceBepo-repMaHcKoro cell:Ma.
0TKpbITIIe ero 3ace.uaHIIM COCTO.HJIOCb 10 ceHT.H6p.H 1867 r. B Te"l!eHIIe CBoero
KopoTKoro cymecrnonaHII.H 3TO rrpe.n:CTaBIITeJibHOe y-qpeJK.n:ett1Ie ycrreJio rrpo-

460
BeCTJI pH,n: Ba.IKHbIX II KpynHhIX Mep: HOBbIH noqTOBbIH 3aKOH, HOBOe yroJIOBHoe yJio.IKeHIIe, o6111;irH: BeKCeJibHbIH ycTaB, OOIIJ,IIH peMeCJieHHhIH ycrnB, OOIIJ,yIO
cn:cTeMy Mep II aecoa, yqpe.1K,n:em1e Bb1c1IIero Toproaoro cy,n:a B Jlenrru;n:re,
rrpeo6pa30Battttoro B

1877

ro.n:y B Bb1c1IIn::H: IIMrrepcKn::H: cy.n:, 3aKoH o rrp1rny-

.n;n:TeJibHOM orqy.IK.n;emm, o paBHorrpaBHOCTII aepon:crroae.n;attn::H: II rrp. IIocTerreHHO BTHfIIBaJIIICb B ccpepy o6IIJ,erepMaHCKHX IIHTepecoB If IO.IKHO-HeMeIJ,KIIe
rocy.n;apcTBa, OCTaBIIIIIeCH BHe COI03a: Ilpycc1rn ycrreJia 3aKJIIQqlfTb c HHMII
TaHHbie o6opoHn:TeJibHbie II HacTyrraTeJibHbie coI03Hbie .n;oroaopa Ha cJiyqa:H:
BOHHbl If IIpIIBJieqb HX K yqaCTlIIO B o6IIJ,eM .ZJ;JIH o6eIIX qacTe:H: fepMaHlflI TaMO.IKeHHOM napJiaMeHTe. 0.n;HaKO cerrapaTlICTCKIIe CTpeMJieHHH IIMeHHO B
IO.IKHo:H: fepMaHIIH 6bIJIH eIIJ,e oqeHb CMJibHbI: ecJIH B Ea,n;eHe II f ecceHe HaceJieHIIe lI rrpaBIITeJibCTBO y.1Ke CKJIOHHJilICb K MbICJilI

06

OKOHqaTeJibHOM COI03e

c Ilpyccue:H:, TO B BIOpTeM6epre 3TOMY aceMM cMJiaMII npoTHBMJiacb rocrro,n;cTBoBaBIIIaH TaM ,n;eMoKpaTnqecKaH rrapTMH, a B Eaaapun: MeCTHaH KJiepIIKaJibHaH rrapTMH cseprJia .n;a.IKe MIIHMCTepcTBO M3-3a Toro, qTo rJiaBa 3TOro MMHIICTepcrna (foreHJI03) 6JiarorrpMHTHO OTHOCMJICH K BOnpocy 06 o6be,n:IIHeHMM.

BcH 3Ta po3Hb cTymeaaJiaCb TOJibKO Tor.n;a, Kor.n;a cy.n;b6a sce:H: fepMaHIIII
6bIJIM IIOCTaBJieHbl Ha Kapry -

1870-71

KOf,ZJ;a BCilbIXttyJia

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Bpa.1K,n;e6Hble OTHOIIIeHIIH Me.IK,n:y <l>paHIJ,IIeH M Ilpyccue:H: cyIIJ,eCTBOBaJIM
y.1Ke 3a,n:oJiro ,n:o Toro.

B 1867

r. qyTb 6bIJIO He ,n:omJio ,n:o cepbe3ttoro CTOJIK-

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c 3TOH IJ,eJiblO JIOH.ZJ;OHCKOH KOHcpepeHIJ,HH (

1867)'

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K

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Ha ycuJieHn:e apMm1; y.1Ke B

1868 r.

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,n:BHHYTbCH K 3arra.n;Ho:H rpam1u;e. Ho ocTopo.IKHOe 6epJIIIHCKoe npaBHTeJibCTBO caMo yKJIOHHJIOCh OT BbI30Ba, rrpe.n;ocTaBHB 3TO JierKOMbICJieHHhIM rrpan11TeJIHM TOr,n;aIIIHeii <l>paHIJ,MII, KOTOpbie, He IIMeH .n;a.IKe TOqHbIX CBe,n:eHIIM 0
6oeBOM fOTOBHOCTM CBOIIX BOMCK, peIIIMJIIICb Ha pOKOBOH Illar no MaJIOBa.IKHOMY
noao.n:y.

B

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1870 r.

BOMHa 6hIJia o6bHBJieHa. CorJiaCHO 3aKJIIO-

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eceu I'ep.MaHUU. PH,n: B BbICIIIeM

CTerreHM y,n;aqHbIX .n;JIH HeMu;ea aTaK H 6rrTB, oca.n;a Meu;a, rro6e.n;oHocHoe

461
IIIeCTBHe HeMeIJ,KOH apMlUI BrJiy6h CTpaHbI - BCe 3TO 6bICTpo CJie,l(OBaJIO O,l(HO
3a ,n:pyniM. IlocJie Tpex,n:HeBHoro 60.H y Ce.n;aHa, MHOrol.J:IICJieHHa.H apMII.H, rro.n:
ttal.J:aJihCTBOM MapIIIaJia MaK-MaroHa, ,n:omirna 6brna c,n:aTbC.H, rrp1I1IeM B3.HT
6hIJI B IIJieH II caM HarroJieoH III; 3aTeM BCKope 6brJI BhIHy)K,n:eH KaIIIITYJIIIpoBaTh II MapIIIaJI Ea3eH, 3arrepIII1IHC.H B Meqe. XoT.H <f>paHIJ;y3hI c y.n:BoeHHOH
3Hepnie:H: II II3YMIITeJibHOH xpa6poCTblO rrpo,n:OJI)KaJIII 6opb6y' HO BpeMeHHOe
rrpaBIITeJibCTBO CKOpo 6bIJIO nocTaBJieHo B Heo6xo,n:IIMOCTb Hal.J:aTh neperoBopbI 0 M1Ipe, KOTOpbIH II 6hIJI 3aKJIIOl.J:eH BO <DpaHKcpypTe-Ha-Ma:H:He II no
KOTOpoMy <DpaHIJ;II.H ycTyIIIIJia fepMaHIIII 3Jib3ac II JloTaplIHrlIIO II yrrJiaTIIJia 5 MIIJIJrnap.n:oB cppaHKOB BOeHHOH KOHTp1I6yl(1III.
Erue ,n:o 3aKJIIOl.J:eHII.H M1Ipa c <Dpami;1Ieii cpe,n:II npe,n:cTaBIITeJieii repMaH~ CKIIX rocy.n:apCTB IIIJia, IIOMep)KIIBaeMa.H caMIIM BIIJibreJibMOM II ero rrp1I6JIII)KeHHbIMII, ar1ITaU.II.H o rrp1Icoe,n:1rneH1III K CeBepo- f epMaHCKOMY co103y II
IO)KHO-HeMell,KIIX CTpaH H o6b.HBJieHHH, 3aTeM, Bce:H: I'epMaHCKOU UMnepueii.
K KOHU.Y 1870 r. CeBepo-fepMaHCKIIH coI03 npeo6pa30BaJIC.H y)Ke B co103 f epMaHCKIIH, a 4 ,n:eKa6p.H Toro )Ke ro,n:a 6aBapCKHH KOpOJib JlIO,l(BIIr IIMCbMeHHO
o6paTIIJIC.H KO BCeM repMaHCKIIM rrpaBIITeJibCTBaM c npe,n:JIO)KeHIIeM npOB03r JiaCIITb rrpyccKoro KopoJI.H wmepamopoM I'epMaHuu; 18-ro .HHBap.H 1871 r.
B BepcaJie COCTO.HJIOCb caMO TOp)KeCTBO 3TOro rrpoB03rJiaIIIeHII.H. J],aJibHeiiumMII IIIaraMII Ha rryTH o6be,n:HHeHII.H fepMamm 6bIJIO BBe,n:eH1Ie o6rueIIMnepcKoro
yroJIOBHoro yJio)Kemrn (c 1-ro .HHBap.H 1872), II3)l;aH1Ie 06ru1Ix ,n:JI.H Bceii 1IMrrep1IH cy,n:e6HblX yCTaBOB ( 1877), II3JJ:aHMe 3aKOHa 06 aKll,IIOHepHbIX o6ruecTBaX ( 1884) H MHoroe .n:pyroe.
0,n:HaKO, BCKOpe no rrpeKparueHIIII BHeIIIHeii 6opb6bI, repMaHCKIIH IIMIIepCKHH rrapJiaMeHT c,n:eJiaJIC.H apeHOH 6opb6bI BHympem-teii' H3 KOTOpoii rrpecTapeJibIH IIMrrepaTop BIIJibreJibM II ero rJiaBHbIH COBeTHIIK ,n:aJieKO He Bcer.n:a
BbIXOJJ:IIJIII rro6e,n:IITeJI.HMII. 06rua.H rrp1I1IIIHa 6ecrrpepbIBHbIX CTOJIKHOBeHIIH
Me)K,n:y rrapJiaMeHTOM II rrpaB1ITeJibCTBOM Boo6rue, II KaHIJ,JiepoM fiIIcMapKoM
B l.J:aCTHOCTII, 3aKJIIOl.J:aJiaCb, c OJJ:HOH CTOpOHbl, B caMOH Harype II MHpOB033peHIIH ~.IKeJie3Horo KaHu.Jiepa~, IIOJib30BaBIIIeroc.H Heorpamil.J:eHHhIM BJIII.HHHeM
Ha HMIIepaTopa BHJibreJihMa H He )KeJiaBIIIero MHplITbCH c orpaHIIl.J:eHII.HMII
1..
rrpaBHTeJibCTBeHHOH BJiaCTH; c .n:pyrorr - HeMaJIYIO pOJib B 3TIIX CTOJIKHOBef
HII.HX IIfPaJIII rrpe,n:CTaBIITeJIH Tex 3JieMeHTOB HaCeJieHII.H (noJI.HKOB, raHHOBepu.eB, 3Jlh3acu.eB, OTl.J:aCTH 6aBapIJ,eB H ,n:pyrn:x), KOTOpbie c Hey,n:oBOJibCTBHeM
B31IpaJIII Ha ,l(OCTaBIIIYIOC.H Ilpycc1III rereMOHIIIO II onacaJIHCb rrpeo6Jia,l(amrn
B rocy.l(apcTBeHHOii )KII3HII fepMaHIIII rrpyccKIIX BJIII.HHIIH. fioJibIIIHe 3aTpyAHeHII.H rrpe.l(cTaBJI.HJI caM coCTaB pe:H.xcTara, Apo61IBIIIeroc.H II .n:po6.Hrueroc.H Ha
MHO)KeCTBO rrapTIIH H pe,l(KO 3aKJIIOl.J:aBIIIero B ce6e rrp01IHOe 60JiblllHHCTBO, Ha
KOTopoe c yBepeHHOCThIO MOrJio 6h1 orrIIpaTbC.H rrpaBIITeJibCTBO. Cttal.J:aJia ero
rJiaBHOH IIOMep)KKOH CJIY)KIIJIH HaU.IIOHaJI-JIH6epaJibl, KOTOpbie B rrepBblX Tpex

!

462
peii:xcTarax 6b1Jm caMoii: MHoroqHcJieHHOM rrapTHeii: (OT
HO c

1878 r.

116 zio 150 qeJIOBeK);

OHH ITOTep51JIH rrpe)l(Hee 3Haqem1e, H qHCJIO HX HH pa3y He rrpe-

BbllllaJIO CTa, rra,n:aH HHOr,ll,a ropa3,ll,O HH)l(e (B HbIHeIIIHeM peii:xcrnre HX TOJibKO

41 ).

Pa3Hble OTTeHKH KOHcepBaTHBHOM rrapTHH HHKOr,ll,a He pacrroJiaraJIH

6oJibIIIOM CHJIOM. Kor,a:a Ha BbI6opax

1887 r.

HeMeU:KO-KOHCepBaTHBHa51, HM-

nepcKaH H HaU:HOHaJI-m16epaJibHa5I rrapTHH 3aKJIIOqIIJIH TaK Ha3hIBaeMblM

mellb,

HM y,a:aJIOCb IIOJiyqHTb 60JibIIIHHCTBO B

IIOJIY"IHJIII TOJibKO

135

215

fOJIOCOB, HOB

1884

OHH

fOJIOCOB II KapTeJib pacrraJic51; Terrepb HeMeu;KO-KOHCep-

BaTHBHaH BMeCTe c HMrrepcKoii: HacqHThrnaeT He 60J1ee
CThI, c

Kap-

1890 r.

91

roJioca. IlporpeccH-

ro,a:a HMeHyIOlll,IIeCH HeMeU:KOM CB060,ll,OMbICJI51lll,eM rrapTIIeM,

cTaToqHo MHoroqHcJieHHbl AAA OITII03IIU:IIII (Hx 6bIBaJIO OKOJIO CTa, Terrepb

ao64),

HO COCTaBHTb 60JibIIIHHCTBO OHII MoryT TOJibKO c IIOMOlll,bIO apyrHX napTHM.
Cou;HaJI-aeMoKpaToB B rrepBoM HMrrepcKoM ceM:Me 6b1J10 TOJibKO aBa; 3aTeM
l:JHCJIO IIX JJ:OJirO KOJie6aJIOCb Me)l(ay
yrraJio

ao 10,

9

II

13, B 1884 roay AOCTHrJIO 24, OII51Tb
1890) IIOJJ:H51J10Cb ,ll,O 35. DOJlbIIIOe

HO Ha IIOCJieJJ:HHX BbI6opax (

3Hal:JeHIIe, rrpII TaKOM pacnpeaeJieHIIII fOJIOCOB, BCeraa IIMeJia II HMeeT rrapTII51
u:eHTpa, T. e. KJiepIIKaJibHO-KaTOJIJiqecKM, B rrepBOM IIMrrepCKOM ceM:Me HaCl:JIITbIBaBIIIaH TOJlbKO

57

l:IJieHOB, HO y)l(e c

187 4 r.

06J1a,a:aBIIIa5I, rrpII6JIII3IITeJib-

HO, CTa fOJIOCaMII ( Terrepb, Cl:JIITaH II BeJibcpOB, T. e. raHHOBepCKHX rrapTIIKyMpHCTOB -

.a a,

113).

Bpa)l(ae6Hoe HaCTpoeHIIe ee K IIMrrepIIH Hal:JaJIOCb elll,e Tor-

Kor,a:a, no rroBo.n.y rrpoBo3rJiaIIIeHII51 IlIIeM

HerrorpeIIIIIMOCTII (

1870),

IX

.aorMaTa rrarrcKoif

B KaTOJIIIl:JeCKOM HaCeJieHIIH fepMaHHH CTaJI 3aMe-

q:aTbC51 pacKOJI H noHmrnacb cTapoKaTOJIII"lJecKM rrapnrn. 3a no,zmep)l(Ky 3Toro
crnpoKaTOJIIIl:JeCKOro ,ll,BII)l(eHIIH rrpaBJITeJibCTBO npe)l(,ll,e Beem II ITO,ll,BeprJIOCb
Harra.n.KaM co CTOpOHbl KaTOJIHKOB rrapJiaMeHTCKOro u:eHTpa. 0TCIO,ll,a TaK Ha3bIBaeMa51 KYJibTYPHM 6opb6a (Kulturkampf), rrpe.n.rrpHHHTM :611cMapKoM.
fJiaBHbie H3 l:JHC.lla Mep, BXO,ll,51lll,IIX B ee COCTaB, 6bIJIII rrpIIH51Tbl Ha crreu;IIaJibHO-npyccKOH IIO"lJBe; HO TeM )Ke caMbIM .n.yxoM npOHHKHYTbl II HeKOTOpbie noCTaHOBJieHII51 HMrrepcKoro ceiIMa. Y)l(e

28

H0516p51

1871 r.

6b1J1 rrpHH51T 3aKoH,

HarrpaBJieHHbIM rrpOTIIB KaTOJmqeCKHX rrporroBe,ll,HHKOB ( TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIM
Kanzelparagraph), a

4

IIIOJIH

1872

r. -'--- 3aKoH, yttIIl:JTO)l(IIBIIIIIM Bee yqpe)l(-

.aeHHH l1e3yHTCKOro op.n.eHa B fepMaHHII II BOcrrpelll,aBIIIHM ero l:JJieHaM rrpe6hIBaHHe B rrpe,a:eJiaX IIMIIepIIII. HecMoTp51 Ha CIIJlbHeHIIIee IIpOTHBOAeHCTBIIe
KaTOJIIIKOB, B

1874 r.

IIOBCeMeCTHO BBeaeH B fepMaHHH rpa)l(,ll,aHCKIIM 6paK H

per11CTpau;1151 aKTOB rpa)l(JJ,aHcKoro cocToHHirn rrepe.n.aHa B pyK11 cBeTCKHX
l:JIIHOBHIIKOB. BceM 3THM :611cMapK Kpaii:He o3J106IIJ1 rrpoTIIB ce651 KJ1epIIKaJ1bHYIO rrapTIIIO rrapJiaMeHTa, CIIJIOTIIBIIIy10c51 BOKpyr BIIH,ll,ropcTa n c11cTeMaTIIqecKII OITIIOHIIpOBaBIIIYIO rrpamueJibCTBY, 3aTO B 3TOM 6opb6e Ha CTOpOHe
Kattu;J1epa CTOHJIII ero tterrpHMIIpHMbie Bpar11 -

rrporpeccHCTbI. Kor.n.a, BCJie.n.-

CTBHe CBoeiI HOBOM 3KOHOMHqecKOH IIOJIHTHKII, MHHHCTepcTBO CTaJIO BCTpel:JaTb

463
OIIII03lIUMIO M B PR,ZJ,ax Jrn6epaJIOB, DMCMapK CTaJI MCKaTb IIO,ZJ,,ll,ep)KKM B rrapTMlI ueHTpa, ,ll,JIJI c6JIM)KeHIUI c KOTOpoll: OH He OCTaHOBMJICR rrepe,ll, BOCCTaHOBJieHMeM ncero Toro, "lJTO TaK peBHOCTHO pa3pyrnaJI. IlpMMMpeHMe rrpaBIITeJibCTBa c KaTOJIMKaMH He 6bIJIO, 0.ll,HaKO, HlI IlOJIHbIM, HM rrpo,ll,OJI)KMTeJihHbIM, B
rroc11e.n.ttee BpeMR rrapnrn: ueHTpa qacTo rrpncoe.n.HHHJiach K qnc11y rrpOTHBHMKOB rrpaBIITeJibCTBa.
HecKOJihKO HHoii: xapaKTep Hoc1111a 6opb6a Ha rroqBe counaJihHbIX B
3KOHOMIIqecKIIX BorrpocoB. qTo6br coKpyrnHTb rrapTHIO

cou,uaJL-deMoKpamoe,

3aRBIIBIIIYIO 0 ce6e caMbIM peIIIIITeJibHbIM II HerrplIMHplIMbIM rrpoTlIBHlIKOM
cymecrnyIOmero B f epMaHlilI CTpOR Boo6me lI IIOJilITlIKlI DlICMapKa B qacTHOCTlI, rrpaBIITeJibCTBO 3a,ZJ,yMaJIO pR,ll, perrpeccHBHbIX Mep, BpO,ll,e 3arrpemeHlIR
CXO.ll,OK 3TOH rrapTlilI, ee rre"llaTHbIX lI3,ZJ,aHIIH lI T. II. HecMoTp5I Ha rr0Kyrnem1e
Ha )KII3Hb lIMIIepaTopa co CTOpOHbl fe.n.e115I (

1878),

KOTopoe CTaBlIJllI B CB5I3b

c rrpOlICKaMlI COUliaJI-,ZJ,eMoKpaTOB (xoTR IIOCJie.ll,HMe KaTeropIIqecKlI 3TO ornepraJIM), rrpaBMTeJibCTBeHHbIH 3aKOHorrpoeKT CHaqaJia He rrpoIIIeJI, II JllIIllb rroCJie IIOBTOplIBIIIerocR qepe3 HeCKOJlbKO He,ZJ,eJib IIOKyIIIeHlIR (Ho6111111Hra),
KOr,ZJ,a pell:xcTar 6bIJI pacrrymen lI Ha3HaqeHbI HOBbie BhI60pbI, 3aKOH 0 COUMaJilICTax 6hIJI BOTlipOBaH rraJiaTOH, XOTR If co 3HaqIIT€JlbHbIMII oroBOpKaMM,
cpoKoM Ha

2,5

ro,ZJ,a. Brroc11e,ZJ,CTBlIH OH Heo.n.HoKpaTHO B03o6HOBJI5IJIC5I, no3-

6y)K,ll,aR BCRKlill pa3 O)KHBJieHHbie rrpeHH5I l1 He.ll,OBOJibCTBO rrapTHH, KaK Mepa,
JIOC..sJraromaR Ha KOHCTlITYI.J;lIOHHble rrpaBa rpa)K,ZJ,aH, l1 OTHIO,ll,b He .ll,OCTHfaIOIIIaR ue11n. Jlpyroe cpe.z:i;crno 6opb6b1 c 3Toil rrapTHeii: KaHu11ep rrpe.n.rro11araJI
HaHTlI B 3a,ll,yMaHHOM HM ClICTeMe 3aKOHO,ZJ,aTeJihHbIX Mep, HarrpanJieHHblX K
y11yqIIIeHMIO 6JiarocoCT05IHHH pa6oqero COCJIOBHH. 11CXOM H3 HaqaJI ~rocy,LJ.ap­
CTBeHHOro

COUliaJIH3Ma~,

rrporroBe,ZJ,OBaBIIIeroc5I HeKOTOpbIMII HeMeUKlIMlI 3KO-

HOMIICTaMM ( oco6eHHO -

6JIH3KIIM K KaHUJiepy 6epmrnCKlIH rrpocpeccop

A,n:oJibcpoM BarHepoM), rrpaBHTeJibCTBO rrponeJio B rrapJiaMeHTe 3aKoH o Kaccax ,ll,JIR o6ecrreqemrn pa601IIIX BO BpeMR 6oJie3HII II HeC'IaCTHbIX CJIY1IaRX

( 1884),

KOTOpbIH CKOpo 6hIJI pacrrpocTpaHeH lI Ha ceJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHbIX

pa6oqux (

1886) 11 cJiy)KamIIx

Ha MopcKHX cy,LJ.ax (

1887), -

,ZJ,aJiee 3aKoH 06

o6ecrreqeHHM Ha c11yqaii: CTapocTII M o Kacce ,LJ.JIR lIHBaJilI,ll,OB Ypy.n.a (

1889);

HO

Bee 3TlI Mepbl He rrpHBeJIII K )KeJiaHHOll ueJIH.
B ccpepe q11cTo

3KOHOMU"lCCKou

11MrrepcKoe rrpaBHTeJibCTBO cTpeMMJIOCb

CHaqaJia C03,LJ.aTb He3aBHCHMbie OT BOJIII peM:xcTara HMrrepCKife cp11HaHCbI, rryTeM ycTaHOBJieHIUI Ta6aqHOll lI BO,ll,01IHOH MOHOIIOJIIUi, 'ITO 6bIJIO, 0,ll,HaKO, OTBeprHyTo peH:xcrnroM. Ilpe)K,LJ.e 611113KaR K cpp11Tpe,L1.epcrny, npaBHTeJibCTBeHHa.H CHCTeMa Ha'IaJia CKJIOHRTbC..sJ B rrpOTilBOIIOJIO)KHYIO CTOpoHy y)Ke B
r., Kor,LJ.a 6bIJI yBoJieH B OTCTaBKY JleJib6pIOK. B

1879 r.

1876

rrpoTeKUMOHM3M rrpa-

3,Ll.HOBaJI rrepByIO peIIIIITeJibHYIO rro6e,LJ.y; HOBbill TapH<f> 6bIJI rrpOHMKHyT rroKpOBIITeJibCTBeHHbIM ,LJ.YXOM. JlaJibHellIIIMM o6ocTpeHMeM 3T0ll IIOJIIITIIKM

464
6bIJHI BBe.n;eHHbie B yro.n;y 3eMJieBJia,z:t;eJib'IeCKOMY KJiaccy XJie6Hbie IIOIIIJIMHbl
( 1887), paBHO KaK II Boo6me pH.n; ~6oeBbIX~ TaMO)KeHHbIX noIIIJIHH, rrpe.n;JIO)KeHHbIX npamITeJibCTBOM eme B 1885 r. B BH.n;ax He TOJibKO noompeHHH MeCTHOfO npOII3BO,ll;CTBa, HO M KaK opy.n;Me Me)K.n;yHapo.n;HOH 6opb6bI c coce.n;HMMM rocy.n;apcrnaMM (oco6eHHO c Pocc11eii:). BBe.n;eHMe HOBbIX II yBeJIMl.JeHHe CTapbIX HaJIOfOB Tpe6oBaJIOCb ,ll;JIH noKpbITMH rpoMa,ll;HbIX BOeHHblX
M3.n;ep)KeK, Bbl3bIBaBIIIMX cnpaBe,ll;JIHBbIH ponoT y l.JJieHOB napJiaMeHTa. IlyTeM :u;eJioii: cMcTeMbI yrpo3, 3anyr11BaHHH, pocnycKa napJiaMeHTa, BMernaTeJibCTBa caMoro MMnepaTopa, npaBHTeJibCTBO JIMIIIb c Tpy.n;oM .n;o6HBaJIOCb CBOero: B 1871 r. l.JHCJieHHOCTb apMIIM B MIIpHoe BpeMH 6bIJia orrpe.n;eJieHa Ha
3 ro.n;a B :umppe 401 659, B 1874 r. r. :umppa 3Ta yrnep)K,ll;eHa BHOBb Ha 7 JieT
(cenTeHaT), B 1880 r. nOBbIIIIeHa .n;o 427 TbIC., a B 1887 r., nocJie O)l{eCTOl.JeHHOH 6opb6b1, .n;o 468 Thie., c coorneTcTBeHHbIM YBeJIHl.JeHHeM Kpe.n;HTOB. B 1888
r. BOCCTaHoBJieH, cBepx Toro, JiaH.n;Bep BToporo npH3bIBa. Co BpeMeHH BOHHbI
1870- 71 r. fepMaHMH 6ecnpepbIBHO 3a6oTMJiaCb 0 JIYl.JIIIeM Boopy)KeHMM,
6oeBOH fOTOBHOCTM M lJMCJieHHOM yBeJIHlJeHMH CBOeii: apMHM B HBJIHeTCH r JiaBHOH BHHOBHMI.J;eii: Toro ycMJieHHH JvtUJlUmapU3Jvta, no.n; rHeTOM KOTOporo )KIIJIH
COBpeMeHHbie eBporreii:CKMe HapO,ll;bl.
Bpe.n;HbIH .n;JIH npaBIIJibHoro 3KOHOM111IecKoro II .n;yxoBHOro pa3BMTIIH f epMaHMM, MMJIMTapM3M COCJIY)KMJI eii: CJiy)K6y TOJibKO B CMbICJie B03BbIIIIeHMH
BHeIIIHero MorymecTBa ee B nOJIMTMl.JeCKO~ )KM3HM EBpOnbI, qeMy HeMaJIO
cnoco6crnoBaJia M HCKYCHaH noJIMTHKa ee KaH:u;Jiepa. Ilo ero MbICJIH, B 1872 r.
3aKJII01IeH 6bIJI COI03 Tpex MMnepaTopoB, npu: CBM,ll;aHHM HX B fiepJIHHe.
B 1878 r. C03BaH fiepJIIIHCKMH KOHrpecc, Ha KOTOpOM caM npe.n;ce.n;aTeJibCTBOBaJI DMCMapK, 3aMeTMB nocJie 3T0f0 OXJia)K,ll;eHMe Poccu:11, OH nocrreIIIMJI
3aKJIIOl.JMTb B 1879 r. o6opOHMTeJibHblH COI03 c ABcTpo-BeHrp11eH:, K KOTOpoMy CKOpo rrpu:coe.n;Mmrnacb M l1TaJIMH; 3TOT ~Tpoii:cTBeHHbIH COI03~ B0306HOBJIHJICH B 1887 M 1891 f.
Co cpe.n;MHbI 1880-x rr. fepMaHIIH, .n;o Tex nop He u:MeBIIIaH 1WJl01tUU, cTaHOBMTCH, 6Jiaro.n;apH npe.n;npMMMl.JMBOCTM CBOMX KOMMepcaHTOB, o6Jia.n;aTeJibHM:UeH MHOfMX 3eMeJib B .n;pyr11x l.JaCTHX CBeTa (B AcppHKe M B 3ana,z:t;HOH qaCTM T11xoro OKeaHa).
3T0f0 )Ke BpeMeHM Hal.JU:HaeTCH ee yqaCTMe B pa3HbIX
KOHcpepeH:a;MHX no KOJIOHMaJibHbIM BonpocaM (oTHOCMTeJibHO KoHro, CaMoa
M .n;p.), corJiaIIIeHMH c AHrJIMeH no noBo.n;y pa3rpaHM1IeHHH ~ccpep BJIHHHHH~
M T. ,ll;.
9-ro Maprn 1888 ro.n;a He CTaJIO rnop:ua fepMaHCKOH u:Mnepu:u:, BMJibreJibMa I, M MeCTO ero 3aHHJI y)Ke TH)KeJI060JibHOH, HO B036y)K.n;aBIIIMH Bceo6m11e
Ha.n;e)K,ll;bI, CbIH ero <l>pu:.n;p11x III, :u;apcTBoBaHMe KoToporo npo.n;oJI)KaJIOCb
BCero 99 .n;HeH. B o6Hapo.n;oBaHHbIX MM Mattu:cpecrnx M pecKpMIITaX OH 3aHBHJI
ce6H ropH1IMM CTOpOHHMKOM MMpa, BHyTpeHHero pa3BMTHH CTpaHbl, u:.n;eH:

c

465
TepIUIMOCTM If 6paTCTBa, a TaK)Ke CTpororo KOHCTMT)'U:MOHaJIM3Ma. 16-ro MIOHH
em JaMeHHJI Ha TpoHe MOJio.n;oii, noJIHbIM cMJI M 3HeprMM, em CbIH BMJibreJibM
II. Hatt6oJiee KpynHbIM co6b1TMeM em u;apcrnoBaHMH HBJIHeTCH OTCTaBKa KHH3H
EttcMapKa (20 MapTa 1890), npeeMHMKOM KOToporo HBMJJCH reH. KanpMBM,
,ZJ;aJieKO yCTynaIOlll;MM CBOeMy npe.n;rneCTBeHHMKY B TaJiaHTJIMBOCTM If HaCTOMqifBOCTM, HO 6oJiee pa36opqMBbIM B cpe.n;crnax ,ZJ;JIH >1];0CTM)KeHMH HaMeqeHHOM
u;eJIM. C yxo.n;oM EttcMapKa, HeCKOJibKO noMepKJIO BHernHee noJIMTMqecKoe
BJIMHHMe f epMaHMM M ycneJI TaK)Ke o6oJHaqMTbCH HBHbIM noaopoT BO BHYTPeHHeii IlOJIMTMKe ( ~HOBbIM Kypc~ ), Bbipa3MBIIIMMCH, npe)K,ZJ;e Beem, B YHifqTo)KeHMM pH.n;a penpecCMBHbIX Mep npe)l{Hero apeMeHM: OTMeHe 3aKOHa 0 COU:MaJIMCTax, CHHTMM ceKBeCTpa c MMylll;eCTBa 6brnIIIero rattHOBepcKoro KOpOAA, OTMeHe
nacnopTHblX CTeCHeHMM B 3Jib3ac-JloTapMHrMM, pa3perneHMM npeno.n;aBaHMH
Ha noJibCKOM H3bIKe B Hapo.n;HbIX yqMJIMlll;ax IloJHaHM M .n;p. B 3KOHOMMqecKoii noJIMTMKe BM.n;HO yKJioHeHMe OT KpaiiHocTeii npoTeKU:MOHM3Ma; JaKJiroqeHbI
ToproBbie TpaKTaTbI ( 1891) c ABcTptteii, IIIBeiiu;aptteii, I1TaJIMeii M EeJibrJieii,
BeJIMCb neperoBopbI o TaKOM )Ke TpaKTaTe c Pocctteii. HaKoHeu;, B cou;IIaJibHOM Bonpoce npaBMTeJibCTBO BMJihreJibMa II, OTKa3aBIIIMCb OT ycMJieHHbIX
penpeCCMM, npo.n;OJI)KaJIO, O,ZJ;HaKO, yperyJIMpOBaHMe cpa6pMqHOro Tpy.n;a If
oxpaHy HY)K,ZJ;aIOlll;MXCH B 3alll;MTe pa6oq1Ix; B 1890 r. no MHMU:MaTMBe MMnepaTopa 6b1Jia coJBaHa B EepJIMHe Me)K.n;yHapo.n;HaH KOHcpepeHU:MH no pa6oqeMy BOnpocy' 3aHHTMH KOTOpoii o~aCTII nocJiy)KMJIM MCTOqHifKOM ,ZJ;JJH o6Hapo,ZJ;OBaHHbIX BnOCJie,ZJ;CTBMM MMnepCKMM npaBMTeJibCTBOM Ba)KHbIX 3aKOHOB 06
yCTaHOBJieHMM o6H3aTeJibHOro BOCKpecHoro OT,ZJ;bIXa, COBeprneHHOM yCTpatteHMII
OT cpa6pMqHo-3aBO,ZJ;CKMX pa6oT .n;eTeii MOJIO)Ke 13 JieT If 3anpememm HOqHOM
pa6oTbI .n;JIH )KeHlll;MH. B THroTeHMM K MMJIMTapM3My KanpIIBM M,ZJ;eT, no-BM,ZJ;MMoMy' no CTOnaM CBOero npe.n;rneCTBeHHMKa, XOTH napJiaMeHTCKOe 60JibIIIMHCTBO, II ,n;a)Ke 6JiaroCKJIOHHbIH K HOBOMY KaHu;Jiepy u;eHTp HCHO BbICKa3aJIMCb
npoTMB ,ZJ;aJibHeiirnero o6peMeHeHMH racy.n;apcrna THrDCTHMM BOeHHbIX pacxo,ZJ;OB (.n;eKa6pb 1892).

JI. B.
repMaHHJI

~OIIOJIHeHHe

K cran.e)

MJIM I'epMaHCJWR U;AtnepUR (Deutschland, Deutsches Reich) - B HacTo.s1mee
BpeMH COCTOMT ll3 22 KOHCTIIT)'U:MOHHbIX rocy.n;apcrn, 3 BOJibHbIX ropo.n;oB ll 1
MMnepCKOM CTpaHbI. T/Jww,aab u 1laceJte1lUe. fepMaHMM, He cql!TaH KOJIOHIIM,
3aHMMaeT 540 7 43 KB. KM, c 56 367 178 )KMTeJIHMM (no nepenMCM 1 .n;eKa6pH
1900 r.).
HaceJiem1e
CocTaBHbie qacTM fepMaHMM IJJIOlll;a,ZJ;b KB. KM
316 085
AHraJibT
2299
6 176 057
EaBapttH
75 870
Ea.n;eH
1 867 944
15081

466
CocTaBHbie 11acrn: fepMamrn
IlJio:ru;a,nb KB. KM
Epaym1rneii:r
3672
EpeMeH
256
BaJib,neK
1121
19 513
B10pTeM6epr
faM6ypr
415
f ecceH
7681
Jimme
1215
Jl106eK
298
MeKJiett6ypr-CTpeJIIIU:
2930
MeKJiett6ypr-lllBepIIH
13 127
0Jih,nett6ypr
6427
IlpyccIDI
348 658
Pe:ii:c (MJia,nrnaJI JIIIHIIH)
827
Pe:ii:c ( cTaprnaJI JIHHIIH
317
CaKcett-A.rrbTett6ypr
1324
CaKceH-Be:ii:Map
3617
CaKcett-Ko6ypr II foTa
1977
CaKcett-MeiiHHHreH
2468
CaKcOHIIH
14 993
lllayM6ypr-Jlmrne
340
lliBapu:6. -3ott,nepcray3eH 862
lliBapu:6. -Py.llOJibIIITa,nT
940
3Jib3aC-JlOTapIIHfII51
14513

HaceJiemre

464
224
57
2 169
768
1 119
138
96
102
607
399
34 472
139
68

333
882
918
480
349
893
902
775
602
770
180
509
210
396

194 914

362
229
250
4 202
43
80
93
1 719

873
550
731
216
132
898
059
470

PaifoH I'ep.ilWHCKOW maMO)f(eli1-tOW C0103a COCTOIIT II3 BCeii fepMaHIIII (3a
IICKJI1011eHIIeM o-Ba feJibfOJiatt,ZJ;a, o6JiaCTei1: raM6yprcKoro BOJibttoro rropTa,
tteKOTOpbIX 11acTe:ii: r. EpeMetta, EpeMepracpetta H TeeCTeM10tt,ne H ,nByx o6JiacTe:ii: B Ea,nette), BeJIIIKoro repu:orcrna Jl10KceM6ypra II .ZJ:Byx o6:ru;HH B ABcTpIIH (IOttrroJihU: B TIIpoJie II M11TeJib6epr B cDopapJib6epre); 3aKJI1011aeT B
ce6e 543 267 KB. KM c 56 089 925 )l(HTeJIHMH.
HaceJieHIIe fepMaHmI pacrrpe,neJIHeTcH Ha ropo,ncKoe - 30 633 070, IIJIII
54,4 %, II ceJihCKoe - 25 734 103, IIJIII 45,6 %. fopo,ncKoe ttaceJiettrre pacTeT
3a c11eT ceJibCKOro; IIOCJie,l{Hee COCTaBJIHJIO B 1880 r. 58,6 % BCero HaceJieHIIH,
B 1890 r. - 52,9 %. Oco6etttto 6hICTpo pacTyT 6oJibIIIIIe ropo,na (cBbIIIIe 100
TbIC. )l(IIT.); HaCeJieHIIe IIX COCTaBJIHJIO: B 1880 r. - 7,2 % HaCeJieHIIH CTpaHhI, B 1890 r. - 13, 1 %, B 1900 r. - 16,2 %. Bcex ropo,noB, IIMeIO:ru;IIx CBblrne 100 TbIC. )l(I1T. B f. B 1900 f. 6bIJIO 33, a B 1904 f. - 38; II3 HHX 6oJiee
3Ha111ffeJibHbie: Eepmrn - 2040 TbIC. )l(IIT. (BMecre c IIpHrOpD,llaMH - 2821 Tb1c.),

467
747

faM6ypr -

- 494

4S4

TbIC., ]lpe3.n;ett -

TbIC., KeJibH -

409

S33

TbIC., Jleilm.1;i1r

TbIC., <I>pattKcpypT-Ha-

308 T., f attttoBep - 2S4 TbIC. HaceJiem1e
1890 r. - 49 428 470 qeJI.' B 189S r. - S2 279 901
qeJI.' a B 1900 r. - S6 367 178 qeJI.; I'Ofl:OBOH npIIpOCT HaceJieHIUI COCTaBJIRJI
B nepIIOti:b1: 1891-S rr. 1, 12 %, 1896-1900 rr. 1,S %. Ha 1000 My)KtJIIH B
fepMamm npIIXOti:IITCR 1032 )KeHIU,IIHbI. IlepeBec My)KcKoro ttaceJieHII.R. tta.n;
Maiitte -

320

S62

TbIC., MIOttxett -

TbIC., EpecJiaBJib -

TbIC., HIOptt6epr -

fepMamm COCTaBJI5IJIO: B

)KeHCKIIM BCTpeqaeTCR TOJibKO B lliJie3BIIf- f OJIIIITIIHIIII, f aHHOBepe,
BeCTcpamrn, PeiittcKoiI rrpoBIIHUIIH II .3Jib3ac-JloTapIIHrIIJI. Ha

104 )KIITeJIR.
(44 )KMTeJIR) -

fepMaHIIII npIIXOti:IITCR
)KMTeJieiI), pe)Ke Bcero

CKOMy -

1,4 % -

KB. KM B

fyiue Bcero ttaceJieHa CaKcoHIIR
MeKJiett6ypr.

fepMaHIIII IICnOBe.n:yIOT rrpoTeCTaHTII3M,
KaTOJIIIlJeCKOH uepKBM M

1

36, 1 % -

62,S % Bcero

(280

ttaceJieHII.R.

np1rna.n:Jie)KaT K pMMCKO-

npOl!IIM IICIIOBeti:aHIIRM, B TOM lJHCJie ny.n:eii-

1 % (S86 833 lJeJIOBeKa).

11HOCTpattueB B fepMaHIIM

778 698

(6oJiee

Bcero aBCTpMHUeB). Ilo HaUMOHaJibHOCTRM HaceJieHIIe fepMaHIIII pacnpe.n:eJIReTC51 TaK: HeMueB -

]lo

noJIOBHHbI

XIX

S2 136 TbIC.,

nOJIRKOB -

3087

TbIC., .n:pyrMX -

1144 TblC.

CT. fepMaHII.R. 6bIJia cTpattoiI 3eMJieti:eJiblJecKoiI no rrpeIIMy-

6S % HaceJieHIIR; B HaCTORIUee
36 %; OCTaJibHOe ttace( 39 %) ' TOproBJie ( 12 %) II .n:pyrIIM

iuecrny' ceJibCKMM X0351HCTBOM 3aHHMaJIOCb .n:o
BpeMR (no rrepenMCH

189S

r.) HM 3aHHMaeTC51 OKOJIO

JieHHe IIOCBRIUaeT ce65I rrpOMblIIIJieHHOCTH
npocpeccHRM (

13 %).

Ilo pa3MepaM BHenrneiI rnproBJIM fepMaHHR, nocJie Be-

JIIIKo6pHTattmr, 3aHHMaeT BTOpoe MeCTO H Haxoti:HTCR B nepHO,lle nOCTOHHHOro poCTa; B
B

6299

1903

r. BbIB03 fepMaHHH oueHMBaJICH B

S09S

MJIH. MapoK, BB03

MJIH. MapoK BbIB03IITCH 6oJiee Bcero B BeJIIIKo6pHTaHHIO (Ha

MapoK), ABCTpo-BettrpHIO

(S33

966

MJIH.

MJIH. MapoK) M Coeti:HHeHHbie IlITaTbI CeBep-

ttoiI AMepMKH ( 499 MJIH. MapoK); rrpHB03MTCR 6011ee Bcero M3 Coe.n:ntteHHbIX
lliTaTOB CeBepttoiI AMepHKH (Ha
ABcTpo-BeHrpnn

(719

911

(773 MJIH. MapoK),
(611 MJIH. MapoK).

MJIH. MapoK), PoccnM

MJIH. MapoK) H BeJIHK06p1naHMH

1903 r. COCTOHJI H3 404S cy.n:oB BOlI:OM3MeiueHH2 203 804 TOHHbl, H3 HHX 1S4S rrapOBbIX, B 1 622 429 T. )KeJie3HbIX .n:opor
( 1903 r.) S3 991 KM, H3 HMX 48 2S9 KM rocy.n:apcTBeHHbIX. Boti:HblX cy.n:oxo,llHblX nyTeM 14 366 KM, H3 HHX 2606 KM KaHaJIOB M 2469 KaHaJIH3MpOBaHHblX
peK, ocTaJibHbie ecTecrnettHhie pel!Hbie rryTM. Te11erpacpttbIX JIHHMM ( 1902 r.)
134 072 KM, MHHa rrpoBo.n:oB - 497 021 KM. TeJiecpoHHbIX arrnapaTOB 392 924,
.n;JIHHa rrpoBo.n;oB - 1 446 1SS KM. B oem-tbte CUJlbt r epMaHMH ( 1904 - OS rr.).
ApMHH B Mnpttoe BpeMR - 606 987 qe110BeK H 1OS 885 JIOIIIa.n:eii:, B Boettttoe
BpeMR - 2 S49 918, a BMeCTe c JiaHti:IIITypMoM - .n:o 3 MJIH. qeJI. BoeHHbiii:
cpJIOT COCTOMT H3 118 cy.n:oB B 468 000 T.; KpOMe TOro, .n:o 120 MMHOHOCOK. "llncJieHHOCTb 3KIIIIa)Ka - 40 311 qeJIOBeK JfMnepcKUU 610i))l(em fepMaHHH no
cMeTe 1904-0S rr. HClJHCJieH no rrpnxo.n:y n pacxo.n:y B 2460,7 MJIH. MapoK.
ToprOBbIM cpJIOT fepMaHHM B

eM

468
Ta6Jinua

ro;:i:
rrpncoe;:i:RHeHRH K
repMaHHll

Ha3saHm1 KOJIOHHM

Ilnoma,ri:1>
KB.KM

Hacerremie

501

120041

1

B A3uu:
KRaO-q)l(ay (apeH;:i:on. o6rr. B
KRrne)

1898
B A</JpuKe:

KaMepyH

1884

495000

3500000

Toro c IlopToM-Cerypo H M.
Ilorro

1884

87200

2500000

IOro-3arr. AQ:>pRKa, c ,[(aMapoii H
HaMaKBOM

1884

835100

200000

BocT. AQ:>pRKa

1885

995000

6847000

181650

13000

1885-99

57100

250000

Maprnan1>cKRe o-sa

1888

405

15000

0-sa KaponHHCKHe,
MapHaHCKRe H Ilanay

1899

2076

3993

0-saCaMoa

1899

2588

33972

B A6cmpanuu u OKeaHuu:
Hos. rBJrnen (3eMJIH lfMII.
BRrrhreJI1>Ma)
ApxRn. oRCMapKa H
CorroMOHOBhI o-aa

(MopenrraaaTerreii)
Bee KOJIOHHH

1884-99

265662! 13635946

ll:oJir K tta11aJiy 1904 r. paBH5IJICH 3273,S MJIH. MapoK. KoJLouuu fepMamu1
(BMeCTe c npoTeKTOpaToM; Ta6JI. 1).
HcTopHH. 1. Kamµepcmo rpa<f>a KarrpHBH, 1890-1894 rr. C oTcTaBKoii
DIICMapKa 20 MapTa 1890 r., HeCMOTp.H Ha KaTeropII11ecKoe 3a.HBJiem1e IIMIIepaTopa BmrhrenbMa II, 11To ~Kypc ocTaeTc.H CTapbIH», .Lt;JIH fepMaHIIII Ha11aJiacb HOBa.H apa, II3BeCTHa.H ITO.Lt; ll:MeHeM HOBOro Kypca. II pOBO.Lt;IITb aTOT Kypc

469
,lJ.OJDKeH 6bIJI HOBblH Kattl{Jlep JI rrpe3ll)J;eHT rrpyccKoro MHHHCTepcTBa rpacf> KarrpHBH; B ,ll.eikTBHTeJibHOCTH, 0,ll.HaKO, HMrrepaTOp, He TeprreBIIIHll BOKpyr ce6.SI
caMocTO.SITeJibHhIX mo.n;eii, 6bIJI co6cTBeHHbIM CBOHM Kam.i:JiepoM. CMeHa JIHU
Ha KaHl.{JiepcKOM IIOCTY II01ITH COBIIaJia co BpeMeHeM BbI6opoB B pe:H:xcTar 20
cf>eBpaJI.H 1890 r. 3TH BbI60pbl HaHeCJIH CHJibHblll y,ll.ap COI03Y .ll.BYX KOHcepBaTHBHblX rrapTHH (KOHCepBaTHBHOH H HMrrepcKoil) c Hal.{HOHaJI-JIH6epaJibHOH;
rrepBbie ,ll.Be c 118 MaH,ZJ;aTOB, KOTOpbIMH OHM pacrroJiaraJIH B pe:iixcTare 1887 90 rr., yrran11

.n;o 93, rrocJie,ll.H.SI.H -

c 104 ,ll.aJKe ,ll.O 43. HarrpoTHB, 3HaqHTeJib-

HblH pOCT IIOJiyqHJia napTll.H CB060.n;OMbICJI.HI1Ia.H, 3aBoeBaBIIIa.H BMeCTO 32-x 66
Matt.n;aTOB, a po.n;CTBeHHa.H eif IO:>Irno-repMaHCKa.H HapO,ll.Ha.H rrapnrn, He HMeBllla.H B rrpe,ll.bI,ll.YIUeM peH:xcTare HH 0,lJ.HOrO IIOJIHOMoqrrH, IIOJIY"lllrna HX 1 O;
ueHTp HeCKOJibKO yBeJI~llJI CBOIO rrpeJKHIOIO CHJIY ( 106 BMeCTO 99 MaH,ZJ;aTOB).
IloJioJKem1e MeJIKHX rrapTHH H3MeHHJIOCb Mano; TOJlbKO BrrepBbie IIO.HBHJiaCb
B repMaHCKOM peiixcrnre o6oco6JieHHa.H aHTHCeMHTCKa.H rrapTll.H, 3aBOeBaBIIIa.H
6 rroJIHOMoqufi. Ha1160Jiee BJIHHTeJibttoil rrapTHeii CTaJI ueHTp; He pacrroJiara.H
OOJibIIIHHCTBOM, OH, o.n;ttaKo, He Mor CTaTb rrapTHeii: rocrro,ll.CTBYIOIUeii, TaK KaK
CKOJibKO-HH6y,ll.h rrpoqHbIH COI03 c KeM 6bI TO HH. 6bIJIO 6bIJI M.H Hero HeMbICJIHM. KaK CHMIITOM COBepIIIaIOIUeiicH B Hapo,ll.e rrepeMeHbI, oco6eHHOe 3Ha"tfeHHe HMeJI poCT COI.{HaJI-,ll.eMOKpaTHH, yBeJIHqJIBIIIeii qJICJIO CBOMX MaH,ll.aTOB
6oJiee qeM BTpoe ( c 11 ,ll.0 35) H qHCJIO IIOJiyqeHHbIX Ha BbI6opax fOJIOCOB IIOlJ:TH B,l{Boe: 1 427 000, HJili 19
TeM 763 000, H.JIH

10 %.

%,

BMeCTO noJiyqeHHbIX 3a TPM ro.n:a rrepe.n:

PocT 3Toii rrapTHH ,ll.OKa3aJI IIOJIHYIO HeueJiecoo6pa3-

HOCTb HarrpaBJieHHoro rrponrn Hee orpaHMq11TeJihHoro 3aKoHa. Bm1,n:y 3Toro
BMJibfeJihM

II

peIIIHJI 6opoTbC.H c Hell He rrpHMettem1eM 3TOro 3aKoHa, cpoK

,n:eHCTBllH KOToporo HCTeK B 1890 r. JI Ha B0306HOBJieHHe KOToporo peiixcTar
He corJiaIIIaJICH, a COUHaJibHhIM 3aKoHo;:i:aTeJihCTBOM. ob1Jia co3BaHa MeJK,n:yHapo,n:Ha.H pa6otJ:a.H KoHcf>epeHUll.H 11 rrpoae,n:eHO "llepe3 peiixcTar HoBoe cf>a6pnqHoe 3aKoHo.n;aTeJihCTBO. Ilo 3TOMY Borrpocy HMrrepaTop BHJibreJihM

II

B TO

BpeM.H OTpaJKaJI HaCTpoeHHe 6oJihIIIeii: tJ:aCTH 6ypJKya3HhIX CJIOeB repMaHCKOro Hapo.n;a, qTo JI CKa3aJIOCb Ha pe3y JlbTaTaX BbI6opoB 1890 r.' JI HMeHHO Ha
3Toii noqBe rrpo113oIIIeJI ero KoHcf>JIHKT c E11cMapKoM. llanhHeihnee pa3BHTHe
COl.{HaJibHOfO 3aKOHO,ll;aTeJibCTBa JI OCJia6JieHMe IIOJIHl.{eiicKoro peJKHMa -

Ta-

KOBbl 6h1JI11 3a.z:i:a~rn, JieJKaBIIIHe Ha rpacf>e KarrpHBM. B CB.H3H c 3THM, a TaKJKe c 6oJiee BJill.HTeJibHbIM IIOJIOJKem1eM, KOTOpoe OTHbIHe ,lJ.OJIJKHa 6bIJia 3a.H51Tb

npOMbillIJletlHa.H 6ypJKya3H.H, Hacrymrn IIOBOpOT B TOpfOBOH IIOJIHTHKe f epMaHCKOH HMrrep11H: arpapHhIH rrpoTeKUHOHH3M, H3JII06JieHHoe ii:eTHIUe arpap11eB
.· H KH.H351 DHCMapKa (rrocJie,l].Hero -

TOJibKO c 1879

r.),

,lJ.OJIJKeH 6bIJI 6bITb oc-

Jia6JieH. fJiaBHoe BHMMamre rocy;:i:apcTBa rro-rrpeJKHeMy 6bIJIO HanpaBJieHo Ha
coxpaHeH11e 11 ,n:aJKe yc11JieH11e BOeHHoii MOIUM fepMamm. P.H,ll.OM c cyxorryT. HhIMH BOeHHbIMli CMJiaMM rrpaBHTeJibCTBO CTaJIO CTpeMHTbC.H K C03,l{aHHIO H

470
yKpeIIJiemno BOeHHO-MOpCKIIX CIIJI, KOTOpbIMII DI:ICMapK IIHTepecOBaJIC.H cpaBHIITeJibHO MaJIO. PocT Morym.ecTBa Ha Mope 6bIJI 6e3yc.JIOBHO Heo6xo,n:HM yme
BCJie,n:CTBHe pacnmpeHH.H KOJIOHIIaJibHbIX B.lla,ZJ;HHH fepMaHHH, KOTOpbIMH OHa
HRl.JaJia o6saBO,ZlJiTbC.H co BTOpoii IIOJIOBIIHbl 80-x ro,n:oB (T. e. em.e npH DHCMapKe). I1 TOfO, H 11.pyroro, 6esycJIOBHO, me.JiaJI HMrrepaTOp BHJibfe.llbM H B
3TOM OH Haxomrn rroi:i:,n:epmKy B 3Ha"LJHTeJibHOH qacrn: HaM60Jiee KpynHOM 6ypmyas1m. CoBMem.eHtte npoTHBOIIOJIO)I{HbIX CTPeMJieHI:IH (c o,n;ttoii crnpottbI OCJia6JieHI:Ie IIOJIHUeHCKOro rHeTa, OCJia6JieHI:Ie rrpoTeKUlIOHH3Ma II counaJibHOe saKOHOJJ.aTeJibCTBO B 110Jlb3Y Hll3IIIHX KJiaCCOB, rrpHqeM COUHaJibHOe 3aKOHOJJ.aTeJibCTBO He CTOJlbKO pa11.H Hero caMoro, CKOJibKO KaK opy11.ne 6opb6bJ c
COUHaJI-11.eMoKpaTHeii, c 11.pyroH: CTOpOHbl -

IIIOBHHH3M II H:MrrepHaJIH3M) rrpH-

BeJio K ToMy, "l.JTO HOBblH Kypc CTpa11.aJI IlOCTOHHHbIMH KOJie6aHH.HMH, Bna,n:aJI
B IIOCTO.HHHOe IIpOTHBOpeqJie c caMHM co6oii H oqeHb CKOpo rrpmneJI K Kpaxy.
OrrepeThCH Ha cB06011.0MbICJIHIII.HX rrpaBHTeJihCTBo rpacpa KarrpHBH He MOr.Jio,
TaK KaK CM5IrqeHHe IIOJIHUeiicKoro rHeTa, rrpOBOJJ.HMOe HM, 6hIJIO c I:IX TO"l.JKH
3pemrn CJIHIIIKOM HeJJ.OCTaTO"l.JHO. fJiaBHOH ero orropoii 5IBHJUICb, BO-rrepBbIX,
HaUHOHaJI-JIH6epaJibl, qHcJieHHOCTb KOTOpbIX 6bIJia HeJJ.OCTaToqHo BeJIJIKa, BOBTOpbIX, rrpHMO Bpam11.e6Ha5I HM, Kor11.a-TO rJiaBHbIM 3alII,HTHHKaM ~KY.llbTyp­
KaMrrcpa», rrapnrn uettTpa, HO orropoii: HerrpoqHoii: rrpaBHTeJibCTBo, 6oHcb 110ccopuThCH c HaUHOHaJI-JIH6epaJiaMH, He meJia.JIO Mii.TH JJ.OCTaToqHo .na.JieKO
HaBCTpe"LJy ueHTPY B BOCCTaHOBJieHJIH BJUUIHII51 KaTOJIH"l.JeCKOH uepKBH. OHO
HaCTOJibKO MaJIO OTpellIIIJIOCb OT Tpa,ZJ;IIUIIH ~KYJibTypKaMrrcpa», qTo B 1894 r.'
KOr,ZJ.a peH:xcTar rrpHHRJI oTMeHy saKoHa, 3arrpem.a10m.ero rrpe6bmaHHe B f epMaHHH IIesyHTaM, 6yH11.ecpaT OTKa3aJI 3TOM Mepe B CBoeii CaHKUIIII, H TOJibKO
no OTHOIIIeHIIIO K pe11.eM11TopHCTaM, paHee rrpecJie.nyeMbIM HapaBHe c lie3YHTaMH, rrpaBHTeJibCTBO OTKa3aJIOCb OT CBoeii: rrpemHeM sarrpeTIITeJibHOH IIOJIIITHKH. BMecTe c TeM, ueHTp B TO BpeM51 He 6bIJI em.e CKJIOHeH 011.06p5ITb Bee
BOeHHbie Tpe6oBaHH51 rrpaBHTeJibCTBa. B rrepBy10 me ceccmo peH:xCTara, co6pam11eroc51 rrocJie Bb16opoB 1890 r. , rrpaBIITeJibCTBO BHecJio Tpe6oBamre yBemrqeHH51 COCTaBa apMHH B MI:IpHOe BpeM51 Ha 18 000 qeJIOBeK (11.0 487 000 HJI)KHHX 'IHHOB H YHTep-ocpHuepoB). 3TO Tpe6oBaHHe BCTpeTIIJIO corrpOTIIBJieHHe
c JieBOM CTOpOHbl rrapJiaMeHTa, HO rrpOIIIJIO rrpH rroi:i:,n:epmKe 6oJibllleH: 'IaCTH
ueHTpa BBHll.Y He3Ha'IHTeJibHOCTII yBeJIHqeHH.H COCTaBa apMHH H ero COOTBeTCTBIIH poCTy Hapo,n;oHaceJieHIIH fepMamrn, a TaKme OTKasa rrpaBH;eJibCTBa OT
cerrTeHaTa, T. e. 7-JieTHero cpoKa, Ha KOTOpbIH paHee EHcMapK Tpe6oBaJI orrpe11.eJieHHH cocTaBa apMHH. 1 HIOJIH 1890 r. rrpaBIITeJibCTBO rpacpa KarrpHBII
saKJIIQqHJIO c BeJIHK06pHTaHHeii JJ.OfOBOp, B CHJIY KOToporo fepMaHII51 rroJiyqaJia OT AHfJIHH OCTpOB fe~hroJiaH,l( H OTJJ.aBaJia eM qaCTb CBOHX acppHKaHCKHX BJia,n;eHHM -

3aHsH6ap II YraHJJ.Y. B 1891

r.

6bIJIH saKJI10qeHbI Topro-

Bbie 11.oroBophr c ABcTpo-BettrpIIeH:, I1TaJIHei1, EeJibrHeH II IIIBeiiuapu:eii. 3n1

471
,ll,OrOBOpbl llOHH3HJIH llOIIIJIHHY Ha BB03HMbIH B f epMaHHIO XJie6 ll3 3THX
cTpaH, c

5

MapoK ,ll,O

3

Map.

50

mp.

sa ,n;Boiittoii u:ettTHep (

= 200 Kr). BsaMeH

3TOrO f. BblfOBOpHJia COOTBeTCTBeHHOe o6JiePieHHe ,n;ocry11a ll3,l],eJIHH repMaHCKOH 06pa6aTb1Ba10iu:eii 11pOMbIIIIJieHHOCTH B Ha3BaHHbie CTpaHbl. )lorOBOpbl
BCTpeTHJIH CHJibHOe rrpOTHBO,l],eHCTBHe rrpaBOH CTOpOHbl 11apJiaMeHTa, HO ll He
Mettee CHJibHYIO IIOA,ll,ep)KKY ero JieBOH CTOpOHbl, cpe.n;n COU:HaJI-,ll,eMOKpaTOB,
CB060,ll,OMbICJl5Illl;HX ll u:eHTpa, XOTH rrepBbie ,ZJ;Be 11apTHH HaXO,ll,HJIH OCJia6JieHHe arpapttoro rrpOTeKu;noHH3Ma .n;aneKo He ,ll,OCTaTO"llHbIM. B

1892 r.

rrpyccKoe

11paBHTeJibCTBO C,ll,eJiaJIO IIOIIhITKY 11p0Becn1 B )KH3Hh KpaiiHe peaKU:HOHHhIH
IIIKOJibHbIH 3aKOH (H3BeCTHblH no HMeHH ero HHHU:HaTopa, npyccKoro MHHHCTpa ttapo,ll,Horo 11pocBeiu:ettnH Ue.n:Jinu:a), cos,ll,aBaBIIInii Kott¢eccnoHaJibHYIO
IIIKOJIY. B 11pyccKOM JiaH,ll,Tare 3aKOH 3TOT, saiu:niu:aeMbIH KOaJIHU:Heii ll3 KOHcepBaTOpOB ll u:eHTpa, HO BCTpeTHBIIIHH 11pOTHBO,ll,eHCTBHe ,l],a)Ke B HaU:HOHaJIJIH6epanax, Mor 6b1 rrpoiiTn; HO OH BbI3BaJI TaKoe o6iu:eCTBettttoe ttero,n;oBattne,
"lJTO ero B llpHIIIJIOCh B351Th Ha3a,ll,, He AOBO,ll,51 ,ll,eJIO ,ll,O rOJIOCOBaHHH; BMeCTe
c TeM, Ue.ll.JIHU: 110KnttyJI MHHHCTepcKnii rrocT, a ropH"llo oTcTanBaBIIInii ero
rpa<t> Ka11pHBH ,ll,OJI)KeH 6bIJI OCTaBHTb IlOCT rrpyccKoro MHHHCTpa-rrpe3H,ll,eHTa, KOToph1ii llOJIYllHJI rpacp 3iiJiett6ypr. 0,ll,HaKo, Ka11pnBH coxpaHHJI 3a co6oii KaHu;JiepcTBO fepMattcKoii nMrrepHH. TaKHM o6pa3oM 11poH30IIIJio pa3.n;eJieHHe .ll.BYX IIOCTOB, KOTOpbie IIO"llTH BCe BpeMH cyiu:ecTBOBamrn fepMaHCKOH
HM11epnn 3aHHMaJIO O,ZJ;HO ll TO )Ke JIHU:O. B TOM )Ke

1892 r.

B peiixcrnr 6bIJI

BHeCeH HOBblH BOeHHbIH 3aKOHOIIpoeKT, ropa3,ll,O 6oJiee cepbe3HbIH, lleM 3aKOH

1890

r. Ott yBeJIH"llHBaJI llHCJieHHOCTb Mnpttoro cocTaBa apMHH ,ll,O

HH)KHHX llHHOB (6e3 yttTep-0¢11u:epoB), T. e. 6oJiee lleM Ha

70 000

492 000

lleJioBeK. B

BH.n;e KOMIIeHcau;HH o6iu:ecTBeHHOMY MHeHHIO rpacp KarrpHBH rrpe.n;JiaraJI rroHH)KeHHe cpoKa BOHHCKoii cJiy)K6b1 c Tpex JieT .n:o .n;Byx. Pe¢opMa ,ll,OJI)l(Ha
6bIJia IIOTpe6oBaTb eti;HHOBpeMeHHhIX pacXO,ll,OB B
JIH"lleHH5I o6bIKHOBeHHOro BOeHHOro 6IO,ll,)KeTa Ha

66 MHJIJIHOHOB MapoK ll yBe64 MHJIJIHOHa MapoK e)Kero.n:-

HO. )lJIH IIOKpbITHH 3THX ll3,ll,ep)KeK ,ll,OJl)l(Hbl 6bIJIH 6bITb llOBbIIIIeHbl HaJIOrH
Ha 6np)KeBbie c.n;eJIKH, BO.n;Ky, BHHO, Ta6aK 11 ,ll,p. IlpoeKT Bbl3BaJI CliJlbHOe
He.n;OBOJibCTBO cpe,ll,H BCex JieBbIX rrapTHH li u:eHTpa. B 3TOM llOCJie,ll,HeM, Brrpo"lJ:eM, OKa3aJIOCh HeCKOJlhKO JIHU:, KOTOpbie peIIIHJIH ero IIOA,ll,ep)KHBaTb eCJIH He
B llOJIHOM o6beMe, TO c HeKOTOpbIMH MaJiocyiu:ecTBeHHbIMH ll3MeHeHH5IMH; HeCKOJibKO BHJ];Oll3MeHeHHbIH 11poeKT 6bIJI 11pe,ll,JIO)KeH KJiepHKaJibHbIM ,l],ellyTaTOM fIOHe, KaK KOMIIpOMHCC, KOTOpbIH ll 6bIJI rrpHHHT 11paBHTeJibCTBOM. B CB060,ll,OMbICJIHill;eH 11apTHH TO)Ke 6bIJIO HeKOTopoe KOJie6aHHe. JleBaH "lJ:aCTb ee
(EBrett11ii PHxTep) peII111TeJibHO orneprana KaK 11paB11TeJibCTBeHHhIH npoeKT,
TaK ll KOMllpOMHCC fIOtte; 11paBaH llaCTb (PHKKepT, fiapT ll .n;p.), 110,ll,KYllJieHHaH .n;ByXJieTtteii Boettttoii CJIY)K6oii, rornBa 6brna 110,ll,,ll,ep)KaTb 110CJ1e,ll,HHH. TeM
He Mettee ll OHa rOJIOCOBaJia 11pOTHB Hero.

6

Ma.H

1893 r.

npoeKT 6bIJI ornepr-

472
HYT

210

rrponrn

162

roJiocoB. ToT11ac )Ke peiixCTar 6bIJI pacnymeH. Ilepe.n

Bb16opaMH, HMeBIIIHMH MeCTO

14

HIOHH

1893 r.

rrpOH30IIIJIO pa3,neJieHHe CB0-

60,nOMbICJIHIUeH rrapnm Ha cB060,noMbICJIHmy10 Hapo,n:Hyro (EBreHHii P11xTep)
H CB06o,noMbICJIHIUHH COI03 ( PHKKepT' EapT; ); IIOCJie,nHHH 6bIJI Ha CTopoHe
BOeHHOro rrpoeKTa. l'.fa611paTeJibHaH 6opb6a rrpOHCXO,nHJia rJiaBHblM o6pa30M
Ha rrocrne BoeHHoro 3aKOHorrpoeKTa; rrpomB Hero 6bIJIO rro,naHo
JIOCOB, 3a Hero -

3 268 000.

4 312 000

ro-

0.nttaKO, KpaHHHH HepaBHOMepHOCTb H36.HpaTeJib-

HblX OKpyroB, q11cJIO H rpaHHUbl KOTOpbIX He H3MeHHJIHCb c

1871

r., HeCMOT-

pH Ha 3Haq11TeJibHblH H rrpHTOM KpaiiHe HepaBHOMepHblH pOCT HaCeJieHHH B
ropo,nax H ,nepeBHHX (B IIOCJie,nHHX KOe-r.ne npoH30IIIJIO ,na)Ke yMeHbIIIeHHe
q11cJia )KHTeJieii), a TaK)Ke HepaBHOMepHoe pacrrpe,neJieHHe pa3JIWIHbIX rrapTHH ITO OKpyraM, rrpHBeJIH K TOMY' qTO q11CJIO MaH,naTOB B peM:xcTare COBepIIIeHHO He COOTBeTCTBOBaJIO q11cJiy rro,naHHbIX rOJIOCOB B CTpaHe, H 60JibIIIHHCTBO, XOTH H HIIqTO)KHOe, OKa3aJIOCb Ha CTopoHe npaBIITeJibCTBa. B HOBOM
rrapJiaMeHTe 6bIJIO
HaJI-JIII6epaJia,

13

100 .nerryTaTOB

,n:Byx KOHcepBaTIIBHbIX rrapTIIH,

qJieHOB CBo6o,noMbICJIHIUero COI03a,

19

54 HaUIIO13 aHTII-

IIOJIHKOB,

ceMIITOB; Bee OHII, II KpoMe Toro ,n:Ba qJieHa ueHT}Ja, BbICKa3aJIIICb 3a BOeHHblH
3aKoHonpoeKT. B KaqecTBe rrpoTIIBHIIKOB 3aKoHorrpoeKTa HBIIJIIICb:
CB06o,noMblCJIHIUeH Hapo,nHOH rrapTIIII,

11

24

qJieHa

qJieHOB lO)KHO-repMaHCKOH Hapo.n-

44 COl.lIIaJI-,neMoKpaTa, 8 3Jib3acneB II 94 II3 96 qJieHoB ueHTpa;
15 .nenyTaTOB rrpIIHa,nJie)KaJIII K pa3HbIM MeJIKIIM rraprnHM faJib3aC-

HOH napTIIII,
OCTaJibHbie

Ubl, BeJibcpbl, arpapIIII II ,np. ), a TaK)Ke K ~,nIIKIIM~, II qacTbIO roJIOCOBaJIII

~3a~. qacTbIO -

rrpoTIIB npoeKTa. IloMIIMO 3TOro o6mero pe3yJibTaTa caMbIMII

Ba)l(HbIMII HBJieHHHMII BblOOpOB

1893 r.

6bIJIII:

1) pocT

COllHaJI-,neMOKpamII, He

COOTBeTCTBOBaBIIIIIH, o,nHaKO, ee pocTy B npe,nIIIeCTBOBaBIIIIIH rrepIIo,n; OHa
rroJiyqIIJia

1 786 000

roJIOCOB, T. e.

23 % Bcex no,naHHbIX roJIOCOB; 2) CIIJib263 000 roJIOCOB, BMeCTO 47 000;

HbIH pocT aHTIICeMHTH3Ma, KOTOpbIH co6paJI

3)

BblCTJITJieHHe, B KaqecTBe caMOCTOHTeJibHblX napTIIH, ,n:Byx rpynrr KpaHHHX

arpapHeB: COI03a ceJibCKHX X03HeB II 6aBapcKoro KpeCTbHHCKOro COI03a, rroJiyqIIBIIIIIX OKOJIO

60 000

roJIOCOB II

5

MaH,naTOB.

I-fa

HIIX rrepBbIH BbI,neJIIIJI-

CH II3 KOHCepBaTIIBHOH napTIIII, c KOTOpo:H: II IlOCJie BbI,neJieHHH coxpaHIIJI ,npy-

)KeCTBeHHbie OTHOIIIeHIIH; BTOpOH npe,nCTaBJIHJI MeJIKOarpapHoe (no.u.nep)KIIBaBIIIee IIHTepeCbl cpe,nHIIX II MeJIKIIX 3eMJieBJia,neJibIJ;eB, II IIOTOMy B HeKOTOpblX
OTHOIIIeHIIHX .ZJ:eMoKpaTIIqecKoe) KpbIJIO u;eHTpa, CKOpo BCTYTIIIBIIIee c HIIM B
oqeHh Bpa)K,ne6Hbie OTHOIIIeHIIH. BoeHHbIH 3aKoHorrpoeKT 6b1JI rrpIIHHT

15

IIIOJIH, HO cpIIHaHCOBbie pecpopMbI, KOTOpble IIM Bbl3bIBaJIIICb, 6bIJIII OT,neJieHbl
OT Hero II ,nOJI)l(Hbl 6bIJIH rrpoHTII caMOCTOHTeJibHO, a 3TO rrpe,ncTaBJIHJIO 6oJibIIIIIe TPY.nHocTII. IIpyccKIIH MIIHIICTJJ cpIIHaHCOB MIIKeJib, KOTOpbIH TOJibKO qrn
rrpoBeJI pecpopMy np.s1Moro HaJioroo6Jio)KeHIIH B IIpyccIIII, B3HJI B CBOII pyKH
cpIIHaHcoByro pecpopMy IIMrrepIIII. OH ,no6IIJICH cornacIIH MIIHIICTJJOB <l>IIHaHCOB

473
OT.n;eJibHhIX repMaHCKMX rocy.n:apCTB Ha yBeJIWieHMe llOIIIJIMH Ha Ta6aK, BMHO,
6MpJKeBbie c.n;eJIKM, nITeM11eJihHoro c6opa M .n;p., Ha 06:uzy10 cyMMY B
MapoK, M3 KOMX OKOJIO

40

100

MJIH.

MJIH . .ll:OJIJKHhl 6hIJIM 6hITh o6paru;eHhl Ha yMeHhIIIe-

HMe B3HOCOB B 06ru;eMM11epcKy10 Kacey OT.n;eJibHhIX repMaHCKMX rocy.n;apcTB.
TeM He Mettee pecpopMa B TaKOM Bll.ll:e qepes peiixcTar He 11po1IIJia; 11po1IIJI0
TOJlhKO yBeJIMqeHMe HaJIOra Ha 6MpJKeBhie c.n;eJIKM M IIITeM11eJibHOro c6opa

( 1894), 1103.n;Hee - llOBhIIIIeHMe aKU:M3a Ha BO.ll:KY ( 1895) M Ha caxap ( 1896).
B 1893 - 94 rr. 6hIJIM saKJI10qeHhI ToproBbie .n;oroBopa 110 o6pasu:y 11pe1KHMX
c l1c11attMeii, PyMhIHMeii:, Cep6Meii M, HaKotteu:, 11ocJie y11opttoii: TaMoJKeHHOii
BOHHhI, .n;JIMBrneiicH c JieTa

1894).

1893 r.

.n:o BeCHhI

CpoK 6oJihrneii qacTM .n:oroBopoB 6bIJI

1894 r., c PoccMeii ( 16 MapTa
.n:o 31 .n;eK. 1903 r., B CBH3M c

TeM, qTo eCJIM sa ro.n: .n:o 3TOro cpoKa He 6y.n;eT c.n;eJiaHO KaKOH-HM6y.n;h M3
CTOpOH 11pe.n;y11peJK.n;eHMH 0 ero 11peKparu;eHMM, TO OH 11po.n;OJIJKaeTCH eru;e Ha
ro.n;, llOTOM eru;e Ha ro.n: M T .

.n;.

06ru;Mii llpMHU:Mll 6hIJI TOT

JKe

caMbIH, qTo M B

.n:oroBopax c AttrJIMeii, l1TaJIMeii, 5eJihrMeii M lllBeiiu:apMeii, HO, BBM.ll:Y
3HaqeHIIH PocCMM, KaK rJiaBHOro MMllOpTepa XJie6a, 3TOT .n:oroBop MMeJI COBeprneHHO oco6y10 BaJKHOCTh. ,lloroBop 3TOT Bhl3BaJI oco6eHHO CIIJlhHOe He.n;OBOJihCTBO repMattcKoro seMJieBJia.n;eHIIH. B 11poTMBOBec eMy KOHcepBaTMBHhiii .n;e11yTaT KaHMU: BHeC B peiixcTar 11poeKT cocpe.n:omqeHIIH Bceii TOproBJIM MHOCTpaHHhIM XJie6oM B pyKax 11paBMTeJibCTBa, KOTOpoe .ll:OJIJKHO 6bIJIO 011pe.n;eJIHTh Ha
Hero u:etty 11po.n;aJKM, coo6pasyHCh c MHTepecaMM llOMeIIJ;MKOB. 3TOT 11poeKT
KaHMU:a Ha MHOrMe ro.n;h1 CTaJI sttaMetteM B 6opb6e arpapHhIX 11apTMii. fp.
KarrpMBM BhICKa3aJICH peIIIMTeJibHO 11pOTMB Hero; HeHaBMCTh arpapHeB K 3TOMY

~BhICKQqKe 6es KJIOqKa seMJill~, Bhl3BaHHaH Bceii ero llOJIMTHKOH M B oco6ettHOCTM TOprOBhIMM .n:oroBopaMH, eru;e ycMJIHJiaCb BCJie.n;cTBMe ero pe3KOro OTHOIIIeHIIH KO BCeM 110.ll:OOHhIM 11pMTH3aHIIHM; OTCIO.ll:a M CllCTeMaTWieCKaH cppoH.n:a 11p0TllB 11paBMTeJibCTBa co CTOpOHhl 3eMJieBJia.n;eJibU:eB, B oco6eHHOCTll BOCTOqHblX 11pOBMHU:MH IlpycCMM, KOTOpbie He CTeCHHJIMCh rpoMKO M pe3KO
roBOplITh

.n;aJKe

llpOTMB MMllepaTopa, CBOIO BepHOCTh K KOTOpoMy OHM Bcer.n:a

paHhllle M llOTOM BHOBh OXOTHO acpMIIIMpOBaJIM; He CTeCHHJIMCh OHM roBOpllTh
II 0 JKeJiaTeJibHOCTll COI03a .n;aJKe c COU:MaJI-.n;eMOKpaTaMll. Bee 3TO MMeJIO JIMillh
xapaKTep yrp03hI, KOTopy10 HllKTO II He .n;yMaJI 11p11BO.ll:l1Th B llCllOJIHeH11e.
0KOJIO

1894 r.

B OTHOIIIeHllM 11apTMH K arpapHoMy BOllpocy 11po11cxo.n;11T 3Ha-

MeHaTeJibHhIH llOBOpOT. 3HaqH.TeJihHaH qacTh HaU:llOHaJI-Jill6epaJIOB, pattee
110.n:.n:epJKMBaBIIIMX 110JIH.TMKY Ka11pHBH, BhICKa3aJillCb sa 11poeKT Katt11u:a;
qacTh u:ettTpa KO B

13

TaKJKe. IlpoeKT KaHH.U:a 6bIJI OTKJIOHeH 6oJihIIIllHCTBOM TOJih-

roJiocoB. H11qTOJKHhIM 6oJihIIIMHCTBOM roJIOCOB 11porneJI 11 .n;oroBop c

Pocc11eii. 3To HBJiett11e 11MeJio CJie.n;y10ru;y10 11pMqMtty: repMaHCKaH Kpy11HaH
11pOMhIIIIJieHHOCTh, 11pellMJIIJ;eCTBeHHO JKeJieso.n;eJiaTeJihHaH, B fepMaHMll cpaBHllTeJibHO MaJIO saMHTepecoBaHa B H113KMX u:eHax Ha 11pe.n;MeTbl llllTaHllH, TaK

474
KaK OHa cyrn:ecrnyeT rJiaBHbIM o6pa30M 6Jiaro.n;apH rrpe.n;rrpIIHIIMaTeJibCKOH
.n;eHTeJibHOCTII rrpaBIITeJibCTBa. L{JIH Hee Ba)KHee pa3BIITIIe rrpe.n;rrpIIHIIMaTeJibCKOH .n;eHTeJibHOCTII rrpaBIITeJibCTBa II B qaCTHOCTII ero arpeCCIIBHOH IIMrrepIIaJIIICTCKOH IIOJIIITIIKII, KOTOpaH .n;aeT rrpOMbIIIIJieHHOCTII TOJiqOK 60JibIIIIIH, qeM
HlI3KaH 3apa6oTHaH ITJiaTa II qeM BbICOKaH IIOKyrraTeJibCKaH crroco6HOCTb HaceJieHIIH. BBII,n;y 3TOro ,ll;JIH Hee BeCbMa Ba)KHa orrpe,n;eJieHHO KOHCepBaTIIBHaH
IIOJIIITIIKa rrpaBIITeJibCTBa, II OHa 6oJiee .n;opO)KIIT COI030M c Moryrn;eCTBeHHe:i1:IIIIIM COU:IIaJibHbIM CJIOeM repMaHCKoro HaCeJieHIIH, T. e. rrpeIIMyrn;eCTBeHHO c
arpapIIHMII II 610poKpaTIIe:i1: II BO rJiaBe ee c IIMrrepaTopoM, qeM TeMII 3KOHOMIIqecKIIMII MeporrpIIHTIIHMII, KOTOpbie MoryT IIOHII3IITb 3apa60THYIO ITJiary ee
pa6oqIIx IIJIII IIOBbICIITb IIOKyrraTeJibCKYIO crroco6HOCTb HaceJieHIIJL KpyrrHaH
rrpOMbIIIIJieHHOCTb rrpe.n;cTaBJieHa B OCHOBHOM IIMrrepCKOH II HaU:HOHaJI-JIH6epaJibHOH rrapTHHMH, II OHM-TO IIOCJie rrepHo,n;a co.n;e:i1:cTBIIH IIOJIIITIIKe KarrpHBII, CTaJIH eMy lI3MeHHTb. I1MrrepaTop K TOMy BpeMeHII BIIOJIHe OCTblJI K ITJiaHaM COU:HaJibHOH .n;eHTeJIHOCTH; pa6oqH:i1: KJiacc, He y,n;oBJiernopeHHbIH ero
cpa6pttqHbIM 3aKOHO,ll;aTeJibCTBOM, IIOKa3aJICH eMy qy,n;OBHIIJ;HO He6Jiaro.n;apHbIM,
II OH CTaJI CKJIOHHTbCH Ha CTOpOHY B03Bparn;eHH.SI K perrpecCHBHOH IIOJIIITHKe.
B

1894 r.

B03HHK rrpoeKT HOBoro perrpeccIIBHoro 3aKoHa rrpoTHB cou;HaJI-,n;e-

MOKpaTHH HJIH Boo6rn:e rrpOTHB JIHU:, IIOCHraIOIIJ;HX Ha cyrn:ecrny10rn:II:i1: rocy.n;apCTBeHHbIH CTpo:i1:. IlpyccKHH MHHHCTp-rrpe3H,ll;eHT 3:i1:JieH6ypr BbICKa3aJICH 3a
Hero; KarrpIIBII 6hIJI ero rrpoTHBHHKOM. B pe3yJibTaTe OHM o6a,

1894 r. ,

26

OKTH6pH

BbIIIIJIII B OTCTaBKY. L{OJI)KHOCTH KaHIJ;Jiepa f epMaHCKOH IIMIIepHH II

rrpyccKoro MHHIICTpa-rrpe3H,ll;eHTa 6bIJIH BHOBb coe,n;HHeHbl, B pyKaX KH.Sl3H
XJio,n;BHra u:y f oreHJI03 llIIIJIJIIIHrccp10pcTa.

2. Kam:.i;;1epcTBO

KHB3B

forewma, 1894-1900 rr.

HoBbIH Kypc repMaH-

CKOH IIOJIIITIIKII CMeHIIJIC.SI HOBeHIIIIIM. CaM foreHJI03 IIrpaJI COBepIIIeHHO He3HaqIITeJibHYIO pOJib; 6y,z:i;yqII BeCbMa IIJIOXIIM opaTopoM, He yMeH fOBOpIITb
IIHaqe KaK ITO 6yMa)KKe, OH HeOXOTHO BbICTYITaJI B rrapJiaMeHTe, r.n;e He IIOJib30BaJIC.SI HM MaJieHIIIIIM aBTOpIITeToM; Be3,n;e II BCer.n;a 3a HMM qyBCTBOBaJiaCb
JIIIqHoCTb IIMrrepaTopa. PeaKU:IIOHHbIH xapaKTep HOBeilIIIero Kypca rro,z:i;qepKHBaJICH ern:e II TeM, qTO O,ll;HOBpeMeHHO c KHH3eM foreHJI03 Ha IIOCT rrpyccKoro
MHHIICTpa HHOCTpaHHbIX ,n;eJI 6bIJI Ha3HaqeH II3BeCTHblH peaKU:IIOHep KeJIJiep.
HoBeHIIIIIH Kypc o6bIKHOBeHHO Ha3hrnaeTCH KypcoM 3Hr3aroB BCJie,n;cTBHe rroCTOHHHbIX KOJie6aHIIH. KoJie6aHIIH 3TII, BrrpoqeM, 6oJiee KaCaJIIICb JIIfqHOCTeH,
qeM OCHOBHbIX rrpHHU:IIIIOB. IlocJie,ll;HIIe OTHbIHe 6bIJIII HCHbI: paCIIIIIpem1e KOJIOHIIaJibHbIX BJia,n;eHIIH, IIOCTOHHHOe yBeJIIIqeHIIe cyxorryTHbIX II MOpCKIIX CHJI,
ycIIJieHHOe IIOKpOBHTeJibCTBO 3eMJieBJia,n;eHIIIO, a TaK)Ke rrpOMbIIIIJieHHOCTH
(o,n;HaKO, B CTerreHII, He y,n;OBJieTBOpHBIIIeH caMIIX 3eMJieBJia,n;eJibIJ;eB, II6o
upaBHTeJibCTBO IIOHIIMaJIO, qTO IIOJIHOe IIX y,n;OBJieTBOpeHHe pa30pHJIO 6bI 06pa6aTb1Ba10rn:y10 npOMbIIIIJieHHOCTb, a TaK ,n;aJieKO OHO II,ll;TII He )KeJiaJio),

475
peITpecc1rn: ITO OTHOIIICHIIIO K pa6o~rnM; B IIHOCTpaHHOM ITOJIIITIIKe ITO,n:,n:ep)l(Ka
Tpoii:CTBCHHOro COI03a, HO BMCCTe c TeM c6JIII)KCHIIe c PoccIIeii:, KaK c KOHcepBaTIIBHOM CIIJioii:, Morymeii: 6bITb oITopoii: cymecrnyIOmero rropH,n:Ka Be3,n:e
B EBpoITe. Ho MIIHIICTpbI, cTaTc-ceKpeTapII rra,n;aJIII II 3aMeHHJIIICb o,n:HII ,n:pyrIIMII ITO ITpIIqIIHaM, KOTOpbie IIHor,n:a ,ZJ;OJiro OCTaBaJIIICb He II3BCCTHbIMII ITy6JIIIKe II, BO BCHKOM CJiyqae, He IIMCJIII ITplIHUJIITMaJibHOro ITOJIMTMqecKoro xapaKTepa. B rreqaTII, oco6etttto B caTttpttqecKMX JIMCTKax, ITPMITIICbIBaJiaCb
rpoMa,ZJ;HM pOJib HaqaJibHIIKY rpa)K,ZJ;aHCKOro Ka6I1HeTa IIMITepaTopa, TaMHO-

MY

COBCTHIIKY JlyKattycy, JIIIU:y, He OTBCTCTBCHHOMJ HII ITepe,n: peii:xcTaroM, HII

,n:a)Ke rrepe.n: KaHu;JiepoM, a TOJibKO rrepe.n: IIMITepaTopoM; 3TOT JlyKattyc
ITpOCTO OITOBCII(aJI Toro IIJIII 1rnoro MIIHIICTpa 0 He,ZJ;OBOJibCTBe IIM IIMITepaTOpa II rro6y)K,ZJ;aJI ero K BbIXo,n:y B OTCTaBKy. Oco6eHHO 6oraT HCIIOHHTHbIMII MilHIICTepCKIIMII rra,n;eHIIHMII 6bIJI

1897 r.'

Kor.n:a CTaTc-ceKpeTapb MOpCKOro Be-

,ZJ;OMCTBa f oJIJibMaHH 6bIJI 3aMeHeH a,n:MIIpaJioM TI1pITI1U:eM, CTaTc-ceKpeTapb
IIHOCTpaHHbIX ,n:eJI, ITpeeMHIIK rpacpa fep6epTa, BO BpeMeHa DIICMapKa, 6apoH
MaprnaJI cpoH fiI16eprnTeii:H ITOJiyqIIJI CITepBa ,n:oJiroBpeMeHHbIM OTITYCK, a ITOTOM OTCTaBKY II 6bIJI 3aMeHeH IIOCJIOM B PI1Me rpacpoM DIOJIOBbIM; CTaTC-CeKpeTapb IIMITepcKoro BC,ZJ;OMCTBa BHYTPCHHIIX ,n:eJI II BIIU:e-ITpe3Il,ZJ;CHT ITpyccKOro MIIHIICTepCTBa fieTTIIXep ITOJIYqIIJI OTCTaBKY II 6bIJI 3aMeHeH Ha IIOCJIC,ZJ;HeM
ITOCTY ITpyccKIIM MIIHIICTpOM cpI1HaHCOB MIIKeJieM, a Ha ITepBOM Ca,ZJ;OBCKIIM-BettepoM.

lfa

rpacp Ilo-

Bcex 3TIIX ITepeMeH TOJibKO OTCTaBKa MaprnaJia cpoH

fiI16eprnTeii:Ha IIMeJia .n:o HCKOTOpoii: CTerreHII ITOJIIITIIqecKIIM xapaKTep, I160 OH
ocTaBaJICH rrpoBo,n:HIIKOM ITOJIIITIIKII rpacpa KaITpIIBII II 6bIJI ttettaBIICTeH arpapIIHM. B o6meM, HoBeii:rnIIii: Kypc OTJIIlqaJicH, rrpe)K,n:e Beem, B03BpameHIIeM
K ITOJIIITMKe perrpeccttii: no OTHOIIICHMIO K OIIII03MU:MOHHbIM ITapTMHM lI o6meCTBCHHbIM rpyITrraM, B oco6eHHOCTM K COU:IIaJI-,n:eMOKpaTMII. Otta CKa3aJiaCb B
,ZJ;JIMHHOM pH,n:e cy,n:e6HbIX ITpou:eccoB ITPOTMB pe,n:aKTOpOB lI )KYPHaJIMCTOB ITO
o6BIIHCHMIO ITeqaTM B OCKop6JieHMM ITpou:eccoB, KOTOpbie Hepe,n:KO, B oco6eHHOCTII B fiaBapMM, r.n:e OHM BCJIMCb B cy,n:e ITPMCH)KHbIX, OKaHqlIBaJIMCb HeITpHHTHbIM ,ZJ;JIH ITpaBIITCJibCTBa orrpaB,ZJ;aHIICM ITO,n:cy,n:IIMbIX, qTo, O,ZJ;HaKO, HIICKOJibKO He OCJia6JIHJIO pBeHIIH rrpoKypopoB. TpOHHM peqb, KOTopoii:
6pH

1894 r.

IIMITepaTop BIIJibreJibM

II

5 ,n:eKa-

OTKpbIJI HOBYIO ceccIIIO peii:xCTara,

Bbl,ZJ;BIIraJia KaK 3a,n:aqII IIMrrepIIII ~3alI(IITY HII3IIIMX KJiaCCOB o6mecTBa II co,n:eii:CTBIIe IIX 3KOHOMIIqecKoMy II MOpaJibHOMY pa3BIITMIO ITOCpe,n:cTBOM CMHrqeHIIH 3KOHOMIIqecKMX lI COU:MaJibHbIX ITPOTMBopeqIIii: II yKpeITJICHIIH B HMX
qyBCTBa ,ZJ;OBOJlbCTBa, II BMCCTe c TCM ITOCpe,n:CTBOM 3HeprIIqHoro rrpOTIIBO,n:eii:1

CTBMH rII6eJibHbIM 3aMbICJiaM Tex, KTO CTpeMIITCH ITPOTIIBO,n:eii:CTBOBaTb rocy,n:apCTBCHHOM BJiaCTII B IICITOJIHCHIIII ee ,n:oJira~.

Ifa

3TIIX ,n:Byx 3a.z:i:aq rocITo,n:-

CTBOBaJia ITOCJIC,ZJ;HHH, T. e. 3a.z:i:aqa peITpeCCIIM, KOTOPM II ITpII,n;aJia BITOJIHe on!

pe,n:eJieHHbIM BII,n: ,n:aJibHeii:rneii: ,n:eHTCJibHOCTII ITpaBIITeJibCTBa. B

TOM )KC

476
TpOHHOH peqH 6bIJI B03BellleH 3a.KOHOIIpoeKT 06 H3MeHeHHH HeKOTOpbIX CTaTeii
yroJIOBHOro y JIO)KeHH.H B CMbICJie BBe.n:emrn HOBbIX HaKa3aHHH HJIH ycHJieHH.H
rrpe)KHHX, 3a rro.n:cTPeKaTeJibCTBo K rrpecTyIIJieHHRM IIYTeM rreqaTH HJIH ycTttoii
peqH, 3a BOCXBaJieHHe rrpecTyrrJieHHH, 3a IIO,lI,CTpeKaTeJibCTBO rryTeM CJIOBa,
ycTHOro IIJIH rreqaTHOro, K HeIIOBHHOBeHHIO BJiaCT.HM, 3a pacrrpocTpatteHIIe
JIO)KHbIX CJIYXOB, IIOHH)KalOillIIX YBa)KeHHe K BJiaCT.HM HT. ,lI,. 3aKOH 3TOT, H33a KOTOporo IlaJI KarrpIIBH, OTJIHqaJic.H OT rrpe)Kttero 3aKOHa rrpOTHB COUHaJI.n:eMOKpaTHH TeM, qTO HMeJI o6mHii xapaKTep H He 6bIJI ttarrpaBJieH OTKpbITO
II crreuliaJibHO rrpoTHB Hee. TeM He Mettee, II ero 3alllHTHHKaMH, Hero rrpoTHBHHKaMH OH KBaJIHcpHUIIpOBaJIC.H KaK 3aKOH, HarrpaBJieHHblM rrpOTHB rrapTHM
II rpyrrrr, Bpa)K.lJ:e6ttbIX o6mecrnettHOMy rropR.n:KY, KpaTKO Ha3bIBaJICR

U msturz

Vorlage H rrpIIBO,lI,HJICR B CBR3H c y6HiicrnoM Kaptto II .n:pyrHMH attapxHCTCKHMH rrpecryIIJieHH.HMH BO <l>pattUHII II B l1TaJIHH. 3aKOHOrrpoeKT BCTPeTHJI CHJibHOe He,lI,OBOJibCTBO Ha Bcell: JieBOH H ,lI,a)Ke cpe.n:H 6oJiee yMepeHHbIX 3JieMeHTOB
rrpaBoii, KaK rrpoeKT qlicTo H rpy6o peaKUIIOHHbIH. Kor.n:a 6-ro .n:eKa6p.H rrpe3H,lI,eHT peiixCTara JleBeuoB, corJiactto 06b1qa10, rrpoBo3rJiaCHJI hoch B qecTb
HMrrepaTopa, TO lIH6KHeXT II HeCKOJibKO .n:pyrHX COUHaJI-,lI,eMOKpaTOB, He ycrreBIIIHX y.n:aJIHTbCR, KaK 3TO o6bIKHOBeHHO HMM .n:eJiaJIOCb B rro.n:o6ttbIX cJiyqa.Hx, He IIO,lI,H.HJIHCb co CBOHX MeCT, a OCTaJIHCb CH,lI,eTb. Ha rrpaBOH 3TO BbI3BaJIO ttero.n:y10mee KpHKH rrpOTHB HHX, HO Kor.n:a rrpoKypaTypa o6paTHJiaCb
K rrapJiaMeHTY c rrpocb6oii 0 pa3peIIIeHHH B036y)K,lI,eHH.H rrpOTHB HHX yroJIOBHOro rrpecJie,lI,OBaHH.H, TO peiixcTar OTKJIOHHJI ee rpOMa)l:HbIM 60JibIIIHHCTBOM
roJIOCOB; 3a Hee BbICKa3aJIHCb TOJibKO KOHCepBaTOpbl H HaUHOHaJI-JIH6epaJibl,
KOTOpbie K 3TOMY BpeMeHII y)Ke MaJIO qeM OTJIH"l!aJIHCb OT KOHCepBaTopoB. IlpH
o6cy)K,lI,eHIIH norrpaBOK K yroJIOBHOMY y JIO)KeHHIO rrapTHR ueHTpa IIOIIbITaJiaCb
HeCKOJibKIIMH rrorrpaBKaMH o6paTHTb ee M3 rrpoeKTa, HarrpaBJieHHOro rrpOTHB
IIOJIHTHqecKHX rrapTHH, Bpa)K.n:e6HbIX cymecTBYIOilleMy rocy.n:apCTBeHHOMY
CTpOIO, B Mepy 6opb6bI 3a uepKOBb; OHa XOTeJia TeMH )Ke HaKa3aHH.HMH, KaK
3a BOCXBaJieHHe rocy.n:apcTBeHHbIX rrpecryrrJieHHM, o6JIO)KHTb rropHUaHHe HJIH
ocKop6Jiett1Ie peJIIIrIIH HJIM uepKBH. TaKa.H rroJIHTIIKa uettTpa Boopy)KHJia rrpoTHB ce6.H ,lI,a)Ke KOHCepBaTopoB, TeM 6oJiee -

HaUHOHaJI-JIII6epaJIOB, H BC.H

rrocJie.n:yIOilla.H 6opb6a B peiixcTare 6brna 6opb6oii pa3JIIIqHbIX rpyrrrr, CJIIIBIIIHXCR B TpH B3aHMHO rrpOTllBOIIOJIO)KHbIX TeqeHH.H: KOHcepBaTHBHOe (c HaUHOHaJI-m16epaJiaMM), CTpeMIIBIIIeec.H HaJIO)KllTb y3.n:y Ha pa.n:IIKaJibHYIO rrapTHIO,
-

KJiep1IKaJibttoe, )KeJiaBIIIee TaKoii )Ke yJ.lJ:bI rrpoTHB HeBepHR, -

pa.n:IIKaJib-

Hoe, HJIH JIH6epaJibHOe, He .n:orrycKaBIIIee HM Toro, HM .n:pyroro. IlpoeKT 6bIJI
OTKJIOHeH

11

1 arrpem1

1895

Ma.H 1895

r.,

r.

IIO,lI,aBJI.HIOillHM 6oJibIIIHHCTBOM roJIOCOB. Ilepe.n: TeM,

rrpe3H,ll,eHT peiixcTara JleBeUOB rrpoc1IJI peiixcTar yrroJIHO-

MoqHTb ero IIplIHeCTH II03,lI,paBJieHIIe KIDI3IO DIICMapKy c 80-ii ro,lI,OBillHHOM ero
pO)K,lI,eHH.H. DOJibIIIHHCTBOM 163 rrpoTHB 146 roJiocoB peiixcTar BbICKa3aJICR

477
nponrn, npw:1eM napnu1 u;eHTpa fOJIOCOBaJia c 60JibllHIHCTBOM. JleBeu;oB BbIpa3HJI CBOe He,n;oBOJibCTBO perneHHeM napJiaMeHTa, CJIO)KHB CBOH npe3H,lJ;eHTCKHe noJIHOMO':IHH. Ha nocT npe3n,n;eHTa 6bIJI Bb16paH ':IJieH u;ettTpa ByoJibBepett6epr, nepBoro Bttu;e-npe3H.n;eHTa - cB060,n;oMhICAAIIJ;Hii lliMH.n;T, BTOporo
BHu;e-npe3H,lJ;eHTa - KJiepHKaJI llinaH.
Tex nop npe3H,lJ;eHTCKM BJiaCTb B
peiixcTare He BbIXO,n;HJia H3 pyK KJiepttKaJioB (.n;o 1898 r. ByoJih, c 1898 r.
BaJIJiecTpeM). fJiaBettcrny10ru;eii napTtteii B repMaHcKoM peiixcrnre B B 3Ha':II1TeJibttoii CTeneHH PYKOBO.ll;HTeJibHHD;eii repMaHCKOH nOJIHTHKH OTHblHe HBJIHJiaCb napTHH uettTpa. He Bcer.n;a n ,n;MeKo He BnoJIHe y,n;aBaJIOCb eii npoBO.ll;HTb CBOH HaMepeHMH, HO ocer.n;a npamrreJlbCTBO BHHMaTeJlbHO rrpHCJiyIIIHBaJIOCb
KO BCeM ee )KeJiaHHHM. CaMbIH ueHTP OKOJIO 3TOf0 BpeMeHH MeHHeT CBoe Jlllll;O.
OH ropa3.ll;O Mettee OTpnu;aTeJibHO OTHOCHTCH K BOeHHblM H B oco6eHHOCTH K
MOpCKHM Tpe6oBaHHHM npaBHTeJibCTBa, ':leM paHhrne; eru;e ro.n; TOMy Ha3a,n;
BOTHpOBaBIIIHH 3a TOprOBbIH .n;oroBop c Pocctteii:, CJie,lJ;OBaTeJibHO, 3a OCJia6JieHHe arpapttoro npoTeKD;HOHH3Ma, OH ,n;eJiaeTCH ropa3.ll;O 6oJiee CKJIOHHbIM K
arpapttoMy npoTeKu;HOHH3My. B 1895 r. 6b1JI TOp)KecrneHHO OTKpbIT KaHaJI
HMeHH HMnepaTopa BHJihreJibMa, coe,n;nHHIOIIJ;Hii BMTHHCKoe H HeMeu;Koe
Mope, npoBe,n;eHHbIM rJiaBHbIM o6pa3oM no cTpaTern"tJ:eCKHM coo6pa)KemrnM,
HO TaK)Ke H no coo6pa)KeHHHM ToproBbIM. B 1895-96 r. -qepe3 peiixcrnr 6bIJI
npoBe,n;eH HOBbIH rpa)K,lJ;aHCKHM KO,lJ;eKC, c 1 HHBapH 1900 r. 3aMeHHBIIIHM
npe)KHHe BeCbMa pa3Hoo6pa3Hbie rpa)K,n;attcKHe 3aKotto,n;aTeJibCTBa, rocno,n;cTBOBam1me B pa3JIH"tJ:HbIX ':laCTHX fepMaHHH. B 1896 H 1897 rr. npHHHTbI HeKOTOpbie .n;onOJIHHTeJibHbie K HeMy 3aKOHbl, HanpHMep TOproBbIH KO,lJ;eKC. B
Ha"llaJie 1897 r. npaBITTeJibCTBO noTpe60BaJIO OT peiixcrnra Kpe.n;HTOB B 70 MJIH.
MapoK Ha nocTpoiiKy HeCKOJibKHX HOBbIX KpeiicepoB; Ha 3TOT pa3 u;eHTp no.n;.n;ep)KaJI Tpe6oBaHHe npaBHTeJibCTBa, BbI"l!epKHYB H3 Hero TOJibKO 12 MJIH.
Map.; Tpe6oBaHHe npOIIIJIO qepe3 peiixcrnr. B HHOCTpaHHOH noJIHTHKe fepMaHHH He o6ttapy)KHBaJia ycTOH':IHBOCTH. B Ha"tJ:aJie 1896 r. HMnepaTop BHJibreJihM nocJiaJI npe3H,n;eHTY IO)Ktto-AcppttKaHcKoii pecny6JIHKH Kp10repy TeJierpaMMy c no3.n;paBJieHHeM no noBo,n;y no6e,n;bl Ha,n; ~HapyrnttTeJieM MHpa~
()l)KeMCOHOM) H y.n;a"tfHOH ~oxpaHOH He3aBHCHMOCTH CTpaHbI~; TeJierpaMMa BbI3BaJia CHJlbHOe ttero.n;oBaHHe B AttrJIHH, HO B .n;eiicTBHTeJibHOCTH OHa 6hIJia
CKOpee npOHBJieHHeM 3KCnaHCHBHOfO xapaKTepa HMrrepaTopa H OTCYTCTBHH
caMOCTOHTeJibHOCTH y .n;pyrttx pyKOBO.ll;HTeJieii repMaHCKOH ITOJIHTHKH, "lfeM
HCTHHHblM Bbipa)KeHHeM repMaHCKOH ITOJIHTHKH. B 1897 r. foreHJI03 rro.n;.n;ep)KHBaJI noJIHTHKY PoccttH Ha ocTpoBe KpttTe H B fpeu;HH, )KeJIM rro.n;aBHTb
CTpeMJieHHe KpHTHH K CB06o.n;e II coxpaHHTb HerrpHKOCHOBeHHOCTb Typu;HH.
)lpy)KecTBeHHbie OTHOineHHH c Pocctteii 6hIJIH yKpeIIJieHbI rroe3,n;Koii B IleTep6ypr HMrrepaTopa BHJihreJibMa B aBryCTe 1897 r., c ABcTpo-Bettrpneii - ero
noe3.ll;KOH B By.n;arrernT. Y6HHCTBO ,n;Byx HeMeu;KHX KaTOJIH"lfeCKHX MHCCHOHe-

c

478
poB B KMTaHCKOM ropo;:i:e KMao-lfay AaJIO fepMaHHH cpopMaJibHbIH IIOBOA OKKYIIHpOBaTb KHao-lfay ;:i:ecaHTOM c repMaHcKoro cpJioTa H IIOTOM B351Tb ero B
apett;:i:y y KHTa51 Ha 99-JieTHHM epoK (;:i:oroBop c K1naeM 6 MapTa 1898 r.).
3THM ,n:oroBopoM f epMamrn eTaJia rnep,n:oii: ttoroii: B KHTae H 3Ha"CJHTeJibHO
paenrnpHJia eBOH KOJIOHHaJibHbie BJia,n:eHH51. B TpOHHOH pe"l!H, rrpOH3HeeeHHOH
rrpH OTKpbITMH HOBOH ceccmr pe:HxcTara 30 H0516p51 1897 r., HMrrepaTop Bblpa3HJI MbieJib, "CJTO fepMaHH51 «.n:om1ma 6bITb B eoeT051HHH II Ha Mope 3aH51Tb
MeeTO, ,n:oeTOMHOe ee~. 0TeJO,n:a BbITeKaJIO Tpe6oBaHHe yBeJIH"lJHTb BOeHHbIH
cpJioT ,n:o 17-TH 6poHeHocueB, 8 6poHeHoeueB 6eperoBoii: 06opottb1, 9-TH 6oJibIIIHX H 26-TH MaJibIX KpeikepoB, .UJI51 "llero HY)l<HO 6bIJIO IIOCTpOHTb 7 HOBbIX
6poHeHOCl{eB, 2 6oJibllllIX H 7 MaJibIX Kpe:HcepoB H ,n:oBeCTH MopeKOH 6JO,n::>KeT
3a eeMHJieTHe e 1898 r. no 1904 r. ,n:o 1 047 000 000 MapoK (B 7 JieT). ArpapHbie ::meMeHTbl 6bIJIH cpaBHHTeJibHO MaJIO BOo,n:y111eBJieHbl 3THM rrpoeKTOM,
XOT51 B o6iueM ero rro.n:,n:ep:>KHBaJIH; ueHTp TO:>Ke ero IIOMep:>KHBaJI; rop51qlIMH
CTOpOHHHKaMH ero 51BHJIHeb rrapTHH HaUHOHaJI-JIH6epaJIOB H HMrrepeKa51, rrpe.n:CTaBJI51BIIIIIe no rrpeHMyiuecrny HHTepeCbl KpyrrHOH rrpOMblllIJieHHOH 6yp:>Kya3HH. CB060,n:oMb1eJIHIUM, Hapo,n:HM H COUHaJI-,n:eMoKpaTH"CJecKa51 rrapTHH seJIII
rrpoTHB Hero O:>KeCTO"CJeHHYJO 6opb6y, KOTOpa51, OJJ;HaKO, He rrprrseJia K ueJIH:
rrpoeKT, c He60JibIIIHMH COKpaiueHH51MH, 6bIJI B 1898 r. rrpHH51T. 6 Ma51 1898
r. 6hIJI paerryiueH peii:xcTar. HoBbie Bb16opb1, rrpoHcxo,n:HBIIIHe B HJOHe 1898
r., BHecJIII MaJIO H3MeHeHHM B COCTaB rrapJiaMeHTa. 06e KOHeepsaTHBHbie rrapTHH IIOTep51JIH HeCKOJibKO MaH,n:aTOB H paerroJiaraJIH B peii:xeTare OTHbIHe BMeeTo 100 fOJIOCOB, Beem 79; HaUHOHaJI-JIH6epaJibl BMeCTO 54-50 fOJIOCOB; ;:J:Be
eBo6o,n:oMbICJl51IUHe rrapTHH IIOJIY"l!HJllI 3 HOBblX IIOJIHOMO"l!H51 II pacnoJiaraJIH
40 fOJIOeOB, HO BCe 3TH MaH,n:aTbl, 3a HeKJIJO"CJeHHeM o,n:Horo, 6bIJIH 3aBoeBaHbl
npII nepe6aJIJIOTIIposKax; ueHTp coxpaHHJI B peii:xcTare cBoe rrpe:>KHee MecTo
H paerroJiaraJI 101 roJiocoM (BMecTo 96-TII). AHTHceMIITbI no-rrpe:>KHeMy rrpoBeJIII 13 eBOHX ,n:erryTaTOB, HO "CJHCJIO no,n:aHHblX 3a mrx fOJIOCOB CIIJibHO
yMeHbllllIJIOCb, H napTH51, TaK CHJibHO B03p0Cllla51 B 1893 r.' IIOJIY"l!HJia y,n:ap,
BeJie.n: 3a KOTOpbIM OHa 6bICTpO CKJIOHIIJiaCb K COBepIIIeHHOMy yrra,n:Ky. Kpaii:mre arpapHbJe napTHH ( COI03 ceJibCKHX X03JieB ll 6asapCKHM KpeCTb51HCKHH
eOJ03) pacrroJiaraJIII OTHbIHe 11 MaH,n:aTaMII, TaKIIM o6pa30M, BblpoeJIII B,n:Boe;
B CTpaHe OHM eo6paJIH y:>Ke 250 000 roJioeoB. Bee 3TH roJioea, BnpoqeM, 6bIJIH
OTBOeBaHbl OT rrapTHH KOHeepBaTIIBHOH H OT"llaeTII KJiepIIKaJibHOH II IlOTOMy He
fOBOp51T 0 KaKoM-HH6y,n:b rrpIIHl{IIIIIIaJibHOM H3MeHeHHH B HaeTpOeHIIlI H36HpaTeJieii:. CaMbIM Ba:>KHbIM HBJieHIIeM 6bIJI poeT COUIIaJI-;:i:eMoKpaTIIII, KOTOpa51
co6paJia 2 107 000 roJI. (27 %) II rrpoBeJia 57 eBOIIX ,n:erryTaTOB B rrapJiaMeHT.
6 ceHTH6pH 1898 r. IIMnepaTop npOH3Hec Ha 6aHKeTe B KypopTe 3ii:ttray3eH (B
BeCTcpaJIIIH) TOCT' o6paTIIBIIllIH Ha ee651 oeo6eHHOe BHIIMaHIIe; B HeM OH B03BeIUaJI 3aKOHOrrpoeKT' 3aIUHIUaIOIUHH Tex, KTO :>KeJiaeT pa6oTaTb, OT HaeIIJib-

479
CTBeHHbIX IIOCHraTeJibCTB co CTOpOHbl CTa-cieqHH:KOB IIJIII ,n;a)l(e OT y6e)l(,ZJ;eHIIH
II yroBopoB rrplIMKHYTb K CTaqKe, rrocpe,n;cTBOM HaKa3aHIIH KaTOp)l(HOH TIOpbMOH (Zuchthaus). ToCT aTOT sHaMeHOBaJI rroJIHbiii II oKoH-ciaTeJihHbIM paspbIB
c COUIIaJibHbIMII CTpeMJieHIIHMII He,ZJ;aBHero rrponIJioro; rrepe,n; CJiyIIIaTeJIHMII
6bIJI y)l(e He IIMllepaTop pa6oTaIOIUIIX KJiaccoB, KaKIIM OH ce6H npe.n;cTaBJIHJI
paHhIIIe, a IIMllepaTOp 110 11pe1IMymecTBy llpOMbIIIIJieHHIIKOB II seMJieBJia,ZJ;eJibueB. ToCT ,n;aJI CIIJibHblH TOJI"CJOK pa3BIITIIIO couIIaJI-,n;eMoKpaTIIM He TOJibKO
cpe,n;II pa6o-ciIIX, HO II cpe,n;II MeJIKOH 6yp)l(ya3MII; 3Ha"l!IITeJibHaH qaCTb MOJIO,ZJ;OH, "l!IICJieHHO, Brrpo-cieM, HII"l!TO)l(HOH

(27 000

fOJIOCOB) HaUHOHaJI-COUIIaJib-

HOH 11apTIIII 110.ZJ; BJIIIHHHeM :7TOH peqJI 11epeIIIJia K COUIIaJI-,n;eMOKpanm (nacTOP fepe, rros,n;Hee MaypeH6pexep). 3aKoHonpoeKT, cooTBeTcrny10IUIIH o6emaHHHM HMnepaTopa, 6hIJI Bb1pa60TaH H npe,n;JioiKeH peiixcTary, HO 6bIJI
OTKJIOHeH

20

HOH6pH

1899

r.

6 ,n;eKa6pH 1899

r. 6hIJIO OTMeHeHO 3arrpemettIIe

llOJIIITII"CJeCKIIM coo6mecTBaM BCTyrraTb B COI03bl II corJiaIIIeHIIH ,n;pyr c ,n;pyroM
-

sanpemeHIIe, KOTopoe cpaKTII"lleCKII MaJIO npIIMeHHJIOCb, HO KOTOpbIM ITOJIII-

UMH IIHor,n;a ITOJib30BaJiaCb, KaK opy,n;IIeM rrpOTIIB COUIIaJI-,ZJ;eMoKpaTIIII. B

1900

r. KOHCepBaTOpbI BHeCJIII 11poeKT TIUaTeJibHOfO Ha,ZJ;30pa sa BB03lIMbIM II3-3a
rpaHIIUbl MHCOM, MOTIIBIIpOBaHHbIM onaCHOCTbIO satteceHIIH :7111I300TMII, HO B
,n;elicTBIITeJibHOCTII e,n;Ba npIIKphrnaBIIIIIH rrpoTeKunottncTcKIIe CTPeMJieHIIH. 3aKOHonpoeKT 6hIJI npIIHHT. Tor,n;a )Ke npaBIITeJibCTBOM 6b1JI BHeceH npoeKT 110rrpaBOK K yroJIOBHOMY KO,ZJ;eKcy, II3BeCTHbIH 110 IIMeHH rrpecTyIIHIIKa feiiHue,
,n;aBIIIero K HeMy 11ono,n;, 110,n; HasBaHIIeM lex Heinze; 11poeKT rrpecJie,n;oBaJI ueJih
3aIUIITbl o6mecTBeHHOH HpaBCTBeHHOCTII rrocpe,n;cTBOM o6JIO)KeHII51 HaKa3aHII5IMH MJIII yBeJIH"l!eHH51 y)l(e cymecrnyIOIUHX sa CBO.ZJ;HH"l!eCTBO H IIOJih30BaHHe
pasBpaTOM B BH,n;ax HaiKMBbI. UeHTp, oco6eHHO saMHTepecoBaHHhIH 11poeKTOM,
BHeC K HeMy p51,n; ,ZJ,OllOJIHeHMM, KaK TO sanpemem1e 110.ZJ; CTpaxoM HaKa3aHII51
pacrrpocTpattemrn M 11y6m1-cittoro BbICTaBJieHMH 6esttpaBCTBeHHhIX IIJIH ,ZJ,a)l(e
OCKOp6JIHIOIUMX qyBCTBO CTbl,ZJ,JIMBOCTII KHIIf, pIICYHKOB MJIII II306pa)l(eHIIH.
IlpoeKT, llOKpOBMTeJihCTByeMhIH IIMrrepaTopoM, Bh13BaJI B peiixcrnre o6CTpyKUIIIO, HO B KOHue KOHUOB 6bIJI rrpIIHHT B HeCKOJibKO CMHf"l!eHHOM BII,ZJ,e, 6es
rronpaBoK, rrpe.ZJ;Jio)l(eHHhIX ueHTpoM. B

1900 r.

foreHJioa 11poBeJI -ciepes peiix-

cTar HOBbIM 33KOH 0 cpJioTe, COCTOHBIIllIM B ,ZJ,aJibHeiiIIIeM ero yBem1-ciemm Ha
HecKOJihKO KpeH:cepoB. B

1899

r. fepMamrn KYllIIJia y HcrraHMII sa

25

MJIH.

11eseT MapttaHCKHe M KapoJIMHCKMe o-Ba; TOr,n;a )Ke, BOCllOJib30BaBIIIHCb saTPY.l1.HIITeJibHbIM rroJioiKeHHeM BeJI1IK06pttTaHII1I, sa11yTaHHOM B BOMHY B AcppttKe, fepMaHMH rro.z:r.eJIIIJia c Coe,ZJ,MHeHHbIMII lllTaTaMII ocTpoBa CaMoa.
B

1900 r.

fepMaHMH rrpHHHJia .z:r.eHTeJibHoe yqacTMe B ycM1IpeH1III 6oKcepcKoro

BOCCTamrn B KttTae, KOTopoe Ha-ciaJIOCb c y61IHCTBa B IleKHHe TOJIIIOM Hapo-

,n;a repMaHcKoro

11ocJiaHHHKa 6apotta KeTTeJiepa, pas.z:r.pa)l(HBIIIero ttapo,n; rrpe-

He6pe)l(eHMeM K KHTaHCKIIM o6bI"llaHM. fepMaHIIH IIOCJiaJia B KttTaii :7KCIIe,ZJ;II-

480
ll;:IIOHHblll Kopnyc H3

69

oqmu:epoB H 2432 HH)l{HHX 1IMHOB M MOpCKYIO ,ZJ;IIBH-

3HIO H3 2402 MaTpOCOB. Bo rJiaBe BCero 3Kcrre.n;HU:HOHHOro KOprryca, COCTaBJieHHoro H3 KoprrycoB eBporreiicKHX .n;ep)l{aB H 5IrroHHII, IIMrrepaTop BIIJihreJibM
rrpe,n;JIO)l{IIJI .n;ep)l{aBaM IIOCTaBIITb cpeJib,ll;MaprnaJia BaJib,Zl;ep3ee, 1ITO IIMII II
6h1JI0 rrpHHHTO. Bo BpeMH ycMHpeHHH KHTaiiu:eB, conpoBO)l{,ll;aBrnerocH Boo6m:e Kpaiineii )l{eCTOKOCTbIO, HeMeU:KIIe COJI,ll;aThl oco6eHHO BbI,ll;eJIHJIHCb. :'.ho
o6bHCHHJioch O'PlaCTM TeM, qTo HMnepaTop BIIJihreJihM, HanyTcrnyH HX B EpeMepracpene, CKa3aJI MM: ~nom;a.n;hl He .n;aBaTh, ITJieHHbIX He 6paTb!~, M IlOCTaBHJI HM B 06pa3eu; ryHHOB c MX KopoJieM ::hu:eJieM. 17 OKTH6pH 1900

r. Ilpe-

CTapeJihIH KaHu;Jiep foreHJI03 BbIIIIeJI B OTCTaBKy.

3. KaHI.J;JiepcTBO rpa<l>a, rroToM

KHH3H

BioJioea.

MeCTo KaHu;Jiepa 3aHHJI

cTaTc-ceKpeTapb IIHOCTpaHHhIX .n;eJI rpacp EepHrap.z:i; oIOJIOB, a ero npe)l{HHH
ITOCT IlOJIY1:fMJI 6apOH PIIxTro¢eH, ero 6bIBIIIHH IIOMOII(HHK. BcKope IIOCJie 3TOro ( 1901) 6oJibIIIOe 3HaqeHHe H ,ll;JIH <PHHaHCOB IIMrrepIIH IIMeJI BbIXO,ll; B OTCTaBKY rrpyccKoro MMHMCTpa <PIIHaHCOB MIIKeJIH, KOTOpoMy HaCJie,ll;OBaJI 6apoH
PeiiH6a6eH; cTaTc-ceKpeTapb HMrrepaTopcKoro noqToBoro Be.n;oMcrna Ilo.n;6eJibCKHH c.n;eJiaJICH rrpyccKHM MHHHCTpOM 3eMJie,n;eJIIDL Ilo cym:ecrny KaHUJiepcrno
Ii10JI0Ba 6hIJIO npo.n;oJI)l{eHIIeM KattUJiepcrna foreHJI03. HecMoTpH Ha 60Jihrny10
,n;IIITJIOMaTH'l!ecKy10 JIOBKOCTh Ii10JI0Ba II Ha ero cnoco6HocTb roBopIITh ny6JIH'l!HO, HeCMOTpH Ha ero qacToe BbICTYIIJieHIIe B peH.xcTare H JiaH,ll;Tare, OH CTOJib,
)l{e MaJIO rrpe.n;cTaBJIHeTCH caMOCTOHTeJibHblM IIOJIHTHqecKHM .n;eHTeJieM, KaK H
ero npe.n;rneCTBeHHHK. Ilorrpe)l{HeMy 3a HMM Be3.n;e II BCer.n;a qyBcrnyeTCH HMrreparnp. 0TKpbITOMy 14 HOH6pH 1900 r. peiixCTary 6bIJIO rrpe.n;JIO)l{eHO npe)l{,ll;e
Bcero BOTHpOBaTh 3KCTpaop.n;nttapHbie Kpe.n;HTbl B 152 MJIH. Map. Ha IIOKpbITHe II3.n;ep)l{eK, npOH3Be,n;eHHbIX rrpaBHTeJibCTBOM 6e3 rrpe.n;BapHTeJibHOrO cor JiaCIIII rrapJiaMeHTa Ha KHTaiicKy10 BOHHY (Bee H3,n;ep)l{KH Ha Bo:H:ny H ee oyoHqaHHe

.n;o 1904 r. COCTaBHJIM 305 MJIH. MapoK). Kpe.n;HTbl 6bIJIM BOTMpoBa-

Hbl BCeMH rOJIOCaMH npoTHB roJIOCOB COU:HaJI-,ll;eMOKpaTOB, peIIIHTeJihHO
npoTeCTOBaBIIIHX rrpoTHB caMoii BOHHhI, H B oco6eHHOCTH rrpoTHB peqeii MMrrepaTopa ("nom;a,Zl;hl He .n;aBaTh") H npoTHB 6eCCMbICJieHHOH npOBOKaU:IIH KHTaHIJ;eB 11 )l{eCTOKOCTH coJI.n;aT.

B

1901 r. 6bIJI 3aKJII01:leH .n;ep)l{aBaMH MHp c

KMTaeM, B CMJIY KOTOporo II3 450 MJIH. Ta3JieH B03Harpa)l{,ZJ;eHHH, yrrJiaqHBaeMoro KIITaeM B 39-JieTHHH cpoK, Ha .n;oJIIO fepMaHMII npHIIIJIOCh 240 MJIH.
MapoK fJiaBHbIM co6bITHeM BHyTpeHHeii )l{II3Hl1 fepMaHHH B rrepBbie fO,ll;bl ynpaBJieHHH rpacpa E10JI0Ba 6hIJIO npoBe,n;eHHe qepe3 pe:H:xcTar HOBoro TaMO)l{eHttoro Tapncpa. Tapncp 6bIJI MaKCHMaJibHblH M MHHIIMaJibHbIH; B IIOCJie,n;HeM
yKa3blBaJIHCb CTaBKlI, ,ZJ;aJihIIIe KOTOpbIX npaBIITeJibCTBO npM neperoBopax c
HHOCTpaHHbIMH .n;ep)l{aBaMH 0 HOBbIX TOprOBblX TpaKTaTaX He ,ZJ;OJI)l{HO 6bIJIO
M,ZJ;TH B CBOHX YCTYIIKax; TaKHM o6pa30M, 3TO 6hIJI KOHBeHU:IIOHHbIH Tapncp,
3apaHee HaMeqeHHhIH. KaK aBTOHOMHhIH, TaK n KOHBeHU:MOHHhIH Taptt¢h1

481
6bIJUI nopO)l(,ll;CHIIeM B03pO,ll;HBIIIerocJI KpaiiHe npoTeKIJ;HOHHCTCKOrO ayxa.
IloIIIJIHHa Ha
KII

50

XJie6

c

5 MapoK

3a u;eHTHep no aBTOHOMHOMY Tapmpy II

mpeHHIIrOB no KOHBCHIJ;HOHHOMy ITO)J;HIIMaJiaCb )];0

7 MapoK 50

JiqMeHb II OBec II
HOMy H

7 MapoK

3a pO)l(b,

mpeHHIIrOB 3a nIIICHIIU:Y no HOBOMy aBTOHOM-

5 II 5,50 no HOBOMy KOHBCHIJ;HOHHOMY

Tapmpy. Tapmp JIBIIJICJI apeHOH

cTpacTHoii 6opb6b1 B peiixcTare B TeqeHIIe u;eJioro ro)J;a ( c )J;eKa6pH
)J;eKa6p5I
HHJIHCb

1902). K

3 Map-

1901

LJ:O

arpapHo-KottcepBaTIIBHOM cTopotte peiixcTara rrpncoe)J;II-

HaIJ;IIOHaJI-JIH6epaJibl

II

11,eHTp;

COU:IIaJI-,ZJ;eMoKpaTbl

ll

cB060LJ:OMbICJIJII11He ocTaBaJIHCb B oqeBIILJ:HOM MeHbIIIHHCTBe. Cou;IIaJI-AeMoKpaThI rrp1I6erJIII K o6cTpyKu;Irn; IIX nO,ll;,ll;Cp)l(MBaJIII HapO,ll;HaJI rrapTHR H CB06o)J;OMbICJ15IIllHM COI03,

rrapTIIJI )l(e PIIXTepa,

cq11TaJI o6cTpyKU.IIIO

YHHJKaI0111eii )J;OCTOIIHCTBO rrapJiaMeHTa, OTKa3aJiaCb CJie)J;OBaTb 3a HIIMII ll
KOCBeHHO CO)J;eMCTBOBaJia TOpJKecTBy KOHcepBaTOpOB. B pe3yJihTaTe Tapmp
6bIJI rrp1IH5IT' HO BCTYIIIITh B CIIJIY OH Mor TOJibKO IIOCJie IICTeqeHII5I cpoKa
ToproBblX ,ll;OI'OBOpOB, T. e. He paHee

1 JIHB. 1904

r. 0)J;HaKo npaBIITeJibCTBO

He IIIJIO TaK )J;aJieKO, KaK arpaplIH, H He corJiaIIIaJIOCh Ha BOCCTaHOBJieHne
aBTOHOMHOro Tap1Icpa; OHO JKeJiaJIO B0306HOBJieHIIJI TpaKTaTQB Ha noqBe
KOHBeHIJ,IIOHHOro Tap1Icpa

1902

r.' qTo npe;'l;CTaBJIJIJIO 3HaqlITeJibHble

TPYLJ:HOCTII, B oco6eHHOCTII B OTHOIIIeHHII K Pocc1I1I. B
LJ:IIKTaTypa B 3Jib3ac-JloTap1IHrlIII. B

1903

1902

r. OTMeHeHa

r. npoBe)J;eH TaK Ha3hIBaeMhIH

~KJI03eTHbIM 3aKOH~, HeCKOJibKO BII)J;OII3MCH5IIOilllIM CHCTeMy roJIOCOBaHIIH
rrplI Bh16opax B peiixcTar' nocpe)J;CTBOM C03)J;aHH5I oco6hIX 3aKpbITbIX
n0Me111em1ii, r)J;e H361IpaTeJib KJia)J;eT CBOH 6IOJIJieTeHb B 3aKpbITblM KOHBepT
BHe Ha6JIIO,ZJ;eHHR IIOCTOpOHHIIX JIHU:, 'ICM JIY':lIIIe oxpaH5IeTC51 Tall:Ha

roJiocoBaHHJI. B

1903

r. npolICXOAHJIH HOBhie BhI6ophr B peiixcTar, npn':leM

H361IpaTeJibHa5I 6opb6a IIIJia rJiaBHbIM o6pa30M Ha nO':lBe TaMOJKCHHOro Tapncpa. Bbr6opbI rrponcxo)J;IIJIH rrpn yc1IJieHHOM HHTepece Hapo;'l;a; BMecTo

68 % Bcex 1IMeIOI111IX rrpaBo roJioca) B Bb16opax npn9 533 000 (T. e. 76 %). Pe3yJibTaTbI Bb16opoB 16 IIIOH51 1903
cpaBHHTeJibHO c Bh16opaMII 1898 r.(cM. Ta6JI. 2):

7 786 000

':leJI. (T. e.

HJIJIO yqacTIIH
r.

B 06111eM rrepeBeC OCTaJICJI Ha CTOpOHe arpapueB; HO e)J;IIHCTBeHHa5I nap-

nrn,

KOTOpa5I MOrJia rop)J;HTbC5I rro6e)J;OM Ha Bb16opax, 6bIJia COIJ,IIaJI-)J;CMOKpa-

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31

)J;eKa6p5I

1903 r.

IIeplIOA ToproBbIX TpaKTaToB,

3Ha':lHTeJibHO yBeJIIIqJIJI ToproBJIIO fepMaHIIII; BB03 B Hee c
B

1892

Map. B

4227

MJIH. Map.

6002 B 1903 r.; He Mettee B03poc II Bb1B03 - c 3150 MJIH.
5014 B 1903 r. CpoK aeiicTBIIII TpaKTaTOB 6bIJI npOLJ:OJIJKeH

r. B03pOC AO

1892

r. ).lo

MOJiqaJIIIBbIM corJiaIIIeHHeM aepJKaB Ha roa, nOTOM e111e Ha ro,ZJ; 11 T. ,ll;.' II HbIHe

ao 31 ,ZJ;eK. 1905 r.,

l

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TeM, B

1904-1905 rr.

482
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,ll;OI'OBOp Ha HeBbffO,ll;HOH ,ll;JI51 PocCIIII OCHOBe repMaHCKOro TaMO.IKeHHOro TapIIcpa.

B 1903 - 05

rr.

3aKJIIOqeHbI 6bIJIII ,L1;or0Bopb1 II c .ll:pyrIIMII

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1905). .Z:Cor0Bopb1 c
1 HIOJI51 1906 r. B 1904 r.

c ABcTpIIeH: eme He 6b1JI pa TIIcpIIu;11poBaH ( HIOJib
PoccIIeH: H .ll:pyrIIMH cTpaHaMH BCTYIIHJIH B CHJIY

KJiepHKaJibl ,ll;06HJIIICb, HaKOHeu;, qTQ OTMeHa 3arrpemeHH51 He3yHTaM
rrpe6bIBaHII51 B fepMaHIIII He TOJlbKO rrpOIIIJia qepe3 peH:xcTar, HO 6bJJia
0,ll;06peHa II 6yH,L1;ecpaTOM H BCTYIIIIJia B .IKH3Hb.
Ta6JI11ua
lIHCJIO IlO):laHHbIX
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2

lJHcrJo OOIIHOMO'Illli
B pel!xcrare

To me B %

1898 r.

1903 r.

1898 r.

1903r.

1898 r.

1903 r.

KottcepsaTOpbI

859000

948000

11,l

10,0

56

52

11MnepcKaH napTHH

343000

333000

4,4

3,5

23

Hau110Han-n116epanb1

971000

1313000

12,5

13,8

47

50

XpHCTHaHCKHe COUHaJIHCTbl H
aHTHCeMHTbl

284000

244000

3,7

13

9

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229000

3,2

2,4

11

6

2707000

3066000

34,9

32,0

150

137

1455000

1875000J[18,8

19,7

102

100

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244000

374000

3,1

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14

16

BTopocTeneHHhie napTHH
( cenapaTHCTbl, HaUHOmlJICOUHaJIHCTbl, BeJib<l>bI H ,np.,
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374000

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4,9

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25

27

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napTHH BMeCTe

2073000

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558000

54200

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rarrrrhI, KeJibThI, nenacrH, H6epbl, 3TPVCKH, 3JIJIHHbI u T.n.).

4 BeK

MaccHJIHe'-1 (Mapcerre1..1) IIH<tieu, noceTHBillHH no6epeJKbe CeeepHoro MOpM H, 6b1Th
MOJKeT, npOHHKUJHH TaKJKe YI K DaJITHHCKOMy MOplO, ynoMHHaeT 0 CBOHX KOHTaKTaX
c TaMOillHHMH AHKapMMH.

3 BeK

fOTbI,

npH6blBWHe

MopeM

K

YCTbMM

BbITeCHl1JIH

BucJibI,

OTTyJJ;a

CJiaBMH

YI

OKa3hIBaIOT i:1asrreHHe Ha coceJJ;HHe repMaHCKHe ruieMeHa.

114-102

BoiiHhI

pHMJIMH

c

KHMBpaMH

TeBTOHaMH,

YI

BTOpraBIUHMHCM

IlOA

HaTHCKOM

coceJJ;HHX nneMeH B HbIHeWHIOIO <l>paH'-IHIO H CesenHVIO 11TarrHIO.

72-58
12

BropJKeHHe csesos a farrrrHIO "BhITecHemfe ux OTTyAa 11,e3apeM.
PHMJIMHe nepenpaBJIMIOTCM 11epe3 PeiiH H scrynaIOT B repMaHcKHe npei:1errh1.

Ilocne
P.Xp.
5
9

DOJihlllWI 11aeTb fepMaHHH noJJ;'lHHeHa pHMCKOH srracru.
113MeHHH'leCKOe HanaJJ;eHHe BCilOMoraTeJibHblX repMaHCKl1X BOHCK Ha pHMJIMH H
rn6errh T}lex rremoHos KeHHTHJIHM Bapa.

14

Al>Y3

OJJ;epJKHBaeT

HeCKOJlbKO

no6ei:1

Ha):(

OTJJ;eJIHBlIJHMHCM

repMaHCKHMH

ruieMeHaMH.

69

liaTaBbl, BOCCTaBUIHe no):( npeJJ;BOJJ;HTeJihCTBOM 11,HBHJIHCa, ycMttpeHbl, HO PHM
npH3HaeT yMeCTHblM OCB060AHTb HX H3 csoero IlOMaHCTBa "

JJ;aTb HM npasa

COI03HHKOB.

70-81

MHp MeJKJJ;y pHMJIMHaMH H repMaHuaMH, cpeAH KOTOpblX oco6eHHO ycHJIHBaeTCM

85
85-96

Heyi:1a11Hrui soiiHa ,[{oMHUHaHa c KaTTaMH.

nrreMM KaTTOB.

MeJKAOYCOOHbie BOMHbl: KaTTOB OJJ;OJieBalOT 6pyKTepbl, KOTOpblX B CBOIO O'lepeJJ;b,
)KeCTOKO pa3rpOMHJIH aHrpueapHH YI xaMaBbl.
CTorpaHH'lHbie BOHHhI c PHMJIMHaMH.

96- 161
165 -180

Mup c pHMJIMHaMH. 06paJoeaHHe HOBbIX nrreMeHHblX coI030B.
PHMJIMHe

c

souapemfeM

KoMMOJJ;a,

noKynaIOT

MHp

y

repMaHues,

KOTOpbIM

o6M3YIQTCM BbinJia'lHBaTh e)f(eroAHYIO cy6CHJJ;Hl0.

213
214

KapaKarrrra o6'hMBJIMeT BOHHY HOeoo6pa3osaHOMY COI03Y arrrreMaHOB.
ArrrreMaHbl YI KaTTbl 3a JJ;eHbrH corrrarnaIOTCM H3'bMBHTb HOMHHaJibHYIO IlOKOpHOCTb
PHMy.

238

<l>opMHpyeTCM COI03 <!JpaHKOB.

484
18-270
270-375
300

370

r0Th1 npOABHraJOTCjJ K HH30BbjiM
CrorrKHOBeHHe HX c pHMJijJHaMH.

}J,yHajJ

H

K

6eperaM

qepHoro

MOpji.

Ornowemrn rOTOB K pHMJijJHaM IIPeHMyrt1ecTBeHHO MHpHoe.
06pa30BaHHe COI03a caKCOB. Bee yIIOMjJHyTble COI03bl repMaHCKHX IIJieMeH
6ecnpepb!BHO Ilb!TaJOTCjJ IIpOHHKHyTb B rarrrrHIO, a HHOfAa H B 11.TaJIHIO, HOH CaMH
c TPYAOM Bb!Aep)l<HBaJOT Hanop 6ypryHAOB, repyrros, rroHro6apAOB, pyrneB H
CKHppoB, KOTOpbIX, B CBOIO oqepeAb, TeCHfi rOTbI, npoKJiaALIBa10111He ce6e IlyTb K
ArrLnaM H PeiiHy.
repMaHCKHe IIJieMeHa 3aHHMaJIH CJieAyJOillHe TeppHTOpHH: fOTbl, AeJIHBlllHeCjJ Ha
OCTfOTOB H BeCTfOTOB, OOHTaJIH: nepBbie - B Hb!HelllHeH JO)l<HOH PoCCHH, a BTOpbie
- B }J,aKHH, T.e. B BOCToqHoii BeHrpHH H PyMLIHHH; arraHLI-Me)l()ly YparroM H
}J,oHoM; BaH):larrbl - B IlaHHOHMH (10ro-3anaAHOH BeHrpMH); cBeBLI - B MopasHH,
EoreMMH M EaBaptttt; 6ypryHALI - no HeKKapy H MaiiHy; arrrreMaHLI - no
BOCToqHoMy 6epery BepXHero PeiiHa; cj>paHKH pttnyapcKHe - no 6eperaM Hm1rnero
PeiiHa (6JIH3 KerrLHa); cj>paHKM carrttqecKHe - npH yCTLjJX PeiiHa; caKCbl - OT
Hll30BbeB 3rrb6bl noqTH AO PeiiHa; TIOpHHrH - B CpeAHeH repMaHHM; JIOHro6apAb!
- B HH30BbjJX 3rrb6bl; cj>pM3bl - Ha no6epe)l(be HeMeQKOfO MOpjJ.

BeJIHKoe nepeceJieuue uapo)J,OB

300

IlrreMjJ ryHHOB 3asrraAerro qaCTLJO arraHCKOH TeppmopHH, Jie)l(aBllleii Me)l(.ny
YparroM M Borrroii.

374

ryHHbl IIOA npe):lBOAHTeJibCTBOM EarraMMpa, nepenpaBHJIMCb qepe3 Borrry H }],OH,
pa36HJIH M noAqMHHJIH arraHOB M OCTrOTOB. BecrroThI ywrrtt B KapnaThI M <l>paKHJO,
a ryHHbl pa3ITHJIMCb IIO BCeH CpeAHeH POCCMH, BOCTOqHQH qaCTM repMaHMM H
BeHrpHM, ycHJIMB ce6jJ HeKOTOpbIMM noKopeHHb!MH crraBjJHCKHMM, cj>HHCKHMH M
repMaHCKHMH IIJieMeHaMH.
ryHHCKHe IIOJiqHilla CJI~aT COI03HHKOM 3ana,nHb!M pMMCKHM HMIIepaTopaM.
BepxoBHOMY BO)l(AJO ryttHOB PyrHJiy 3a 3TO ycryIIJieHa IlaHHOHHjJ. BoCToqHoPHMCKM HMIIepHjJ OTKynaeTCjJ OT era Ha6eroB AeHbfaMH.

409

IlOA HaTMCKOM ryHHOB H IIOKOpeHHbIX HM HapOAOB, CBeBbl, BaH):laJibl, 6ypryH):lbl,
arraHLI H rOThI YCTPeMHJIMCb Ha 11.TaJIMJO, HO, BCTPeTMB TaM 3HeprttqHLIH omop,
IIOBepHyJIH Ha 3ana.n H nepenpaBHJIHCb qepe3 PeiiH. EypryHAbl OCTaJIMCb B ranrrMM
(IiypryHAHH), IIpOqMe IIJieMeHa IIpOlllJIH qepe3 JO)l(HyJO rarrJIMIO H IlttpeHeHCKHH
norryoCTPOB (rAe qacTLIO ocerrtt) B CesepHyJO Acj>pttKy.

433

Ilocrre cMepTH PyrHJILI srraCTL HaA ryttHaMH nepeXOAMT K ero nrreMjJHHUKaM
ATTnrre H ErreJJ,e. 0HH 3aCTaBJijJJOT Bn3aHTHIO YABOMTL pa3Mep BLmrraqnsaeMoii eJO
AaHH. Arrnrra, YCTPamrn ErreAy, npeAIIPHHHMaeT HeyAaqHLIH noxoA B IIepcuJO, a
3aTeM 3aXBaThIBaeT H OCTaBJieHHyJO 3HaqnTeJILHOH qaCTLJO npe)l(Hero HacerreHMjJ
repMaHHIO, Pa3ABHraeT rpaHHQbl CBoero QapcTBa AO CesepHoro MOpjJ, PeiiHa "
}J.YHM.

439
449

Koporrb BaHAaJIOB reH3epMX OCHOBbIBaeT B Ad>pHKe BaH)l,aJibCKOe QapCTBO.

449

ATTHJia

AHrrrL1, caKCbl H fOThl, c 6eperos CesepHoro MOpjJ n
nepeceJijJJOTCjJ B EpHTaHHJO.
onyCTOlllHJI

coceAHHe

o6rracTH

BmaHTniicKoii

AaTCKHX OCTPOBOB,
HMnepHH.

rpo3HOe

BOOp~eHHe HMIIeparopa MapKHaHa H pelllHTeJibHblH ero OTKa3 OT BbIIIJiaTbl AaHH

no6y)l.HJI ArrHJiy o6pywnTLCjJ Ha 3ana,nHyJO PnMCKyJO HMnepHIO, Ky)l.a ero
npHrrrawarra, npe.nrrarM PYKY H norroBHHY HMIIepHH B KaqecTBe npH)l,aHoro,
3aroqeHHM B MOHaCTblpb CeCTPa HMneparopa BarreHTHHUaHa III, roHOpHjJ.
ATTHJia c norrqn111eM H3 700 000 KOHHbIX " newnx BOHHOB BTOpfCjJ B ranrruJO H
npoHHK AO OprreaHa, HO BbIHy)l(AeH 6Lm CHjJTb oca)l,y ropo)l.a, BBHAY npH6JIH)l(eHHjJ

485

451
452

453

476

487
560
568

MHOroquCJieHHOfO
00,l(
A'.ll.UUI,
soii:cKa
npe,l(BO,l(HTeJibCTBOM
PHMCKOfO
00,l(KpenneHHOfO .l(p)?KUHaMH BeCTfO'fOB, anaHOB, cl>paHKOB, caKCOB, 6ypryH,l(OB H
rannos.
Arruna, norepnes nopIDKeHne 6nu3 lllanoHa, y,l(annncR 3a Peii:H.
Arruna sroprcR B lfranmo, onycTolllnn ee cesepHbie
o6naCTH (Pa3PYII1Hn
AKBnne10, )KHTenH Koropoii: ocHosanu BeHeUUIO), oca,l(Hn PnM u, TOnbKO nonyqus
rpOMa,l(HblH BbIKyn, B03BpaTunCR B CBOH npe,l(enbI.
CMepTb ArrunbI, pa3.l(OpbI Me*.l(y ero CbIHOBbRMH, soccTaHne renu.n:os, )KeCTOKoe
nopIDKeHne ryHHOB npu Hera.n:e u oKoHqaTenbHOe KpYIIleHne rYffHCKoro u:apCTBa.
repyJibl, pyruu H cu:uppbI, OCBo6o.n:nBIIlHCb O'f BJ1a,l(b1qecrsa fYffHOB,
ycrpeMnHIOTCH Ha lfTanulO.
BO)KiJ:b repynos 0.n:oaKp 3asna,l(en lfranueii:, HO )?Ke B 493 ro,l(y repynos
(HbIHelllHee
BbJTeCHHnH
OCITO'fbl.
Teppuropu10,
pyruRMH
DOKUHYTYJO
3prepu:orCTBo AscrpHH), 3aHRnH noHro6ap.n:b1.
Ilo.n: HaTUCKOM a3HaTcKnx op.n:, 6onrapb1 npo,l(BurawTcR B HH30BbR IIVHM.
Cne.l(yR 3a 6onrapaMn, asapbI osna.l(enu ,ll;aKHeH, HO BCKope ucqe3nu B 6opb6e c
coce.n:HHMH 3THnqecKHMH rpynnaMU.
JloHro6ap.n:b1 3axsaTnnn CesepHYJO Mranu10 (J10M6ap.n:u10). CnaBRHCKne nneMeHa,
HanpaBJIRHCb c 6eperos Bucnbl, ,ll;Hecrpa u ,ll;Henpa B 3eMnn, noKHHYTuie roraMn u
cesepO-BQCTOqHblMH repMaHCKUMH nneMeHaMn, 3aHRnH HbIHelllHIOIO llexu10,
CaKCOHHIO,
IloMepaHUIO,
Cune3HIO,
JlOiJ:OMHpHIO, 11.rmupuIO,
IlOJiblllY,
MeKneH6ypr, lipaH,l(eH6ypr u .n:p.

r epMaHHH
772-780
780
782
783-785
788
791-796
793-804
796
808
810
829
843
843 -911
843- 876
845
876-887
887- 899
891
893
899-911
908
910
911- 918

IlepsM soii:Ha K'.apna BennKoro c caKcaMn.
KpemeHue caKcoB u no.n:qnHeHne ux <l>paHunn.
Bceo6mee soccraHne caKcos no.n: npe.n:so.n:UTeJibCTBOM BUTYKUH,l(a 3aseplllnnocb
Hey.n:aqeif.
Hosoe Hey,l(aqHoe BOCCTaHne caKCOB no.I( npe.n:so.n:HTenbCTBOM BUTYKUH.D:a.
Ilpucoe.n:nHeHne liasapuu K <l>paHunn.
Boii:Ha c asapaMn, no.l(ll:ep*nBaBIIlHMH 6asapu:es.
Hosoe soccraHne cesepHbIX oKpyros CaKCOHnn, no.n:.n:ep*aHHOe .n:a'NaHaMn.
B3RTHe cl>paHKaMn YKPenneHHoro narepH asapos Me~y Teii:ccoii u ,ll;yHaeM.
IlopIDKeHne .n:a'NaH B cpIDKeHnn c cl>paHKaMn. )l.a'NaHe OT6pollleHbI 3a
p.
3u.l(ep.
HoBM BOHHa c .n:a'NaHaMU. )l,a'NaHe pa36HTbl. rpaHHU:a <l>paHU:HH ycTaHOBunaci.
no p. 3ffil:ep.
06pa3osaHne repMaHCKoro KoponeaCTBa.
Pa3.n:en MOHapxuH Kapna BennKoro.
KapOJIHHfU B repMaHHH.
IlpasneHne JI10.n:osnKa HeMeu:Koro.
HallleCTsue HOPMaHHoa.
IlpasneHne Kapna Toncroro.
IlpasneHne ApHyni.cl>a.
IlopIDKeHne HOpMaHHOB B cpIDKeHHH y )l,unR.
BoifHa co CsRTononKoM II MopascKUM.
IlpaBJieHne JllOiJ:OBUKa )l,HTRTU.
HallleCTsue seHrpos.
IlopIDKeHne JlIO.D:OBHKa B cpa)KeHHH y Jlexa. JI10.n:osnK o6uancR nnaTUTb .n:aHL
BeHrpaM.
IlpasneHne KoHpa.l(a I (cl>paHKOHCKoii nnHnn). BoifHa c HOpMaHHaMH, cnaBRHaMH u
BeHrpaMH.

486
919 - 1024
919-936
924
925
933
936-973
937
946
950
951
953
954
955
961
962
963
964
966-967
973
976
978
980-983
981
982
983
983 - 1002
1004
1005
1007
1014
1015 - 1017
1016 - 1018
1024-1125
1024- 1039
1025-1030
1026
1027
1031

1039 - 1056
1042 - 1044
1056 - 1106
1073

Kopom1 03 caKCOHCKoro .n;oMa.
IlpaBJieHue reHpHxa I IlTUQeJioBa.
Hosoe ttaweCTBHe settrpos.
Ilpucoe.n;wtteHHe JiornpHHrHU.
IlopIDKeHue settrpos B cpIDKeHHH npw Mep3e6ypre.
Ilpasnettue OrroHa I BenHKoro.
HaweCTBHe seHrpos.
BoiiHa c EonecnasoM, 6oreMCKHM repQoroM.
ooreMHll IIpH3HaJia CBOIO 3aBHCUMOCTb OT r epMaHHH.
BMelliaTeJibCTBO Orrotta so <l>paHQYJCKUe .n;ena.
Boil:Ha Orrotta BenwKoro c EepeHrapoM II B 11TaJIHH.
Me)l(.[loyco6Hl(bl B repMaHHH.
Hosoe ttaweCTBHe seHrpos.
Y CMHpeHUe Me)l(.[IOYCOOHI.\ B repMaHHH.
IlopIDKeHHe BeHrpOB B cpIDKeHHH IlpH Jiex<t>eJib.[le.
BTOpall soifHa c EepettrapoM II s 11Tanuw.
Ilpos03rnaweHHe OrroHa HMnepaTopoM 3ana.n;ttoii PHMCKoii HMnepHH.
B3Rrne PHMa OrroHoM.
BoccTaHHe PHMJillH )KeCTOKO no.n;asneHo OrroHoM.
Iloxo.n; OrroHa II, Koponll repMaHc1<oro, B 11TaJIHJO.
KopoHaQHR OrroHa II B PuMe.
Hey,n;aqHbIH 3arosop reHpHxa, repl(ora EasapcKoro, npoTUB OTToHa.
Oca.n;a IlapH)Ka HMnepaTOpoM OrroHoM II.
BoifHa c Jfranneif.
Ilo6e.n;a OrroHa B cpIDKeHHH npw KonoHHe.
Ilopa)Kettue OrroHa B cpIDKeHHH npw Kana6pwH.
HaweCTBUe .n;aNaH H BeH.[IOB.
IlpasneHHe Orrotta III.
BoiiHa c rap.n;yHHOM B 11TaJIHH. KopoHal(HR reHpHxa B IlaBHH HTaJibllHCKOH
KOpOHOH.
IlepBaR soifHa c IloJibllieif.
BTOpaR soiiHa c Ilonhweii.
KopoHal(Hll reHpHxa B PHMe.
TpeTMI nonhcKall soiitta.
BoiiHa c <l>paHQHeH 3a Eyprytt,n;HJO.
11MnepaTopbl H3 <l>paHKOHCKOro .LIOMa.
Ilpasnettue KoHpa.n;a IL
Eoph6a c 6a6eH6epcKHM repQoroM 3pHCTOM IIIBa6cKHM.
KopoHaQHll KoHpa.n;a II HTaJihRHCKoii KOPOHoii.
KopoHaQHll KoHpa.n;a II B PwMe.
IlopIDKettwe nonRKOB B 6opb6e c KoHpa.n;oM II, BhIJ:laqa o6parno nneHHhIX,ycrynKa
Hlf)KHero JlaYJHQa.
CTPawHoe onycTOweHHe fepMaHUH .n;o p. 3aanhI (vse.n;etto 10000 rn1eHHhIX).
IlpasneHHe rettpwxa III ~epHoro. 11MnepaTOpCI<all BJiaCTb .[IOCTHrJia BbICllieii
CTyIIeHH csoero pa3BHTHR.
Boiitta c Bettrpweii. BettrepCKHH KOpOJib IleTP IIpll3HaJI cefo1 saccanoM
HMIIepaTOpa.
IlpaBJieHHe fettpwxa IV.
BoccTaHHe caKcos.

487
1075
1076-1077
1077
1080
1085 -1088
1095
1096
1106- 1125
1111
1122
1125 -1137
1132
1136
1138 - 1154
1138 - 1152
1140
1147
1152 - 1190
1152
1154
1155
1157
1158 -1162
1160 - 1162
1162
1163
1166- -1168
1167 - 1168
1167
1174-1177
1174-1177
1176
1177
1180
1183
1186
1189
1190 - 1197
1191
1192-1194
1194
1197
1198 - 1216
1212 - 1250

Pa3rpOM caKCOB rettpnxoM IV B cpIDKeHHH npn Yttcrpyre.
Eopi.6a c nanoii rpnropHeM VII.
IloKaHHHOe IlaJIOMHHqecTBO r ettpnxa IV B Kattoccy.
Ilopa)l(eHHe ff CMepTb Py.n:oJILcpa I.llBa6cKoro npu 3JILCTepe OT rettpnxa IV. B3HTHe
PnMa rettpnxoM IV Hero KopottaQHH a PnMe.
Eopi.6a rettpnxa IV c caKCOHQaMH, npoamrrraCHBIIIHMH repMaHCKHM KOpOJieM
repMaHa Cani.Ma, ChIHa repuora JlloKCeM6yprcKoro.
KJiepMoHcKHii co6op. Iloxo.n: qepHH.
IlepBhIH KpeCTOBblH noxo.n:.
IlpaBJieHHe rettpHXa V.
KopoHaQHH reHpHxa B PHMe.
BopMCKHH KOHKOp,n:aT.
IlpaanettHe JlorapH CaKcoHcKoro.
KopoHaQHH JlorapH CaKcottcKoro B PHMe.
Boil:Ha c Po)l(epoM II, KoponeM o6eHx CHQHJIHH. 3aBoeBaHHe HeanonH.
repMaHCKHe HMnepaTOPhl H3 .U:OMa roreHIIITay<!>eHOB.
IlpaBneHHe Kottpa.n:a III.
Ilo6e.n:a Kottpa.n:a III npH Beiittc6epre.
Bropoii KpecroBLiii noxo.n:.
IlpaaneHHe <l>pH,n:p11xa I Eap6apocci.1.
,ll;aHHH IlOCTaBJieHa B 3aBHCHMOCTb OT fepMaHHH.
Iloxo.n: B liTaJIHIO.
KopottaQHH <l>pH,n:p11xa Eap6apocci.1 B PnMe.
CeiiM B Hl0ptt6epre.
EoreMHH o6'hHBJieHa KoponeBCTBOM.
Bropoii noxo.n: B liTaJIHIO.
Oca.n:a MHJiatta.
B3HTHe H pa3pYIIIeHHe MHJiaHa.
<l>pu,n:pHx Eap6apocca yqacTByeT B m6pattnH nanhI.
Tpernii noxo.n: B llTaJIHJO.
Co103 noM6ap,n:cKHX ropo.n:os npOTHB <l>pn.n:pnxa Eap6a_pocch1.
OcttoBattne AneKcatt,n:pHH.
HoBoe BOCCTaHHe B JloM6ap.n:un.
Hey_naqttaH oca.n:a AneKcatt.n:p1m.
IlopIDKeHHe <l>pH.n:pnxa Eap6apoccb1 B cpa)l(emrn npH JleHhHHO.
IlepeMHpHe Me)l(.n:y <l>pHJJ;pHXOM Eap6apoccoii H nanofi AneKcaHAPOM.
Ila,n:eHUe AOMa rBeJihcpOB.
,D;oroBop c noM6ap.n:cKHMH ropo,n:aMH.
EpaKocoqeTaHHe rettpuxa VI c ,n:oqephlO Po):\)Kepa II, KoponH CnQHJIHHCKoro,
KottcTaHQHeii.
~eTBepThIH KpeCTOBhIH noxo.n:.
IlpaBJieHHe rettpnxa VI.
KopottaQHH fettpHxa VI.
BoiiHa c rettpHXOM JlbBOM EaBapCKHM.
IloKopettne KoponeBcTBa 06e11x CHQHJIHH.
CMepTb fettpHxa VI, 3aHHTOro npHrOToaneHHHMH K 3aaoeaattn10 B113aHTHH, B
Mecc11tte.
Eopi.6a 3a repMaHCKHii npeCTon.
IlpaaneHHe <l>p11.n:pHxa II.

v

488
1214
1217
1222
1234
1235
1236
1237
1241

Ilopa)l(em1e conepttrn<a <l>pimpnxa

II, OrroHa IV, B cproKeHHH npn Eysntte OT

dJPaHIJ:Y30B.
IilrrbIH KDeCTOBhIH rroxo,n;.
OTPeqem1e <l>pn,n;pnxa OT KOpOHhI B IIOJ1h3Y MaJIOJieTHero CbIHa rettpnxa.
Xapnur AH,n;pe11 II, KopoM BeHrepcKoro, ocHosamte seHrepcKoii KOHCTHTyrrnn.
BoiiHa Morro,n;oro KOpOJ11I reHpHXa B COI03e c HMIIepCKHMH
rroM6ap,n;cKHMH ropo,n;aMH IIPOTHB oni:a <I>oH1IDnxa II.
3axsaT <I>pimpnxoM

II reHOHXa B rrrreH.

OTPeqeHne <I>pn,n;pnxa

II OT KOpOHhI B norrh3Y chrna KoHOa,n;a.

Ilo6e,n;a MoHrorros (EaThIH) tta,n; repMaHCKHMH pbIQap11MH B 6nTBe npn BarrhIIJTaTe.
EaTMii qepe3 BeHrpHIO v,n;arrHJICH K VCThHM Borrrn.
IlOIIbITKa TIOPifHreHCKOro JiaH,n;rpadJa reHDHXa 3axBaTHTh IIPeCTOJI.

1273 - 1291
1278
1292-1313
1309
1312
1314-1330
1314-1347
1315

IlpasrreHne Pv,n;oIThd>a

1347 - 1437
1347 - 1378
1348
1349
1353
1355
1356
1361 - 1362
1363
1367 - 1370
1368
1377
1378 - 1400
1381
1386

H

BoiiHa c JloM6ap,n;neii.
Yqpe)l(,ll;eHne YHHBepcnTeTa B BeHe.

1246 - 1247
1247 - 1254
1256- 1273
1273 - 1347

1316
1330
1338

saccarraMn

Eopb6a 3a repMaHcKHii rrpecTorr.
«KyrraqHoe rrpaso» B repMaHIUf (Me)l(,ll;vuapCTBHe).
Koporrn H HMIIepaTOpbI H3 pa3HhIX <f>aMHJIHH.
TpexMec11qHM Hey,n;aqHaH oca,n;a HeanoJ11I.

I ra6c6yprCKOro.

Ilo6e,n;a Pv,n;orrhd>a Ha,n; 6oreMCKHM KoporreM OrroKapoM B cproKeHnH v BeHhI.
IlpasrreHne reHpHXa

VII.

rpaMOTa reHpnxa VII 0 caMoyrrpasrreHHH lllseiiuapHH.
KopoHa[(HH reHpHxa VII B PttMe.
Eoph6a <I>pimpnxa AscTPniicKoro Ja rrpecTorr c ChIHOBhKMH Arrh6pexrn.
Eopb6a JI10,n;OBHKa EasapcKoro Ja npecTorr c ChIHOBhHMH Arrh6oexTa.
IIopa)l(eHite

Jleonorrh,n;a AscTpttiicKoro B cproKeHHH IIpH MoprapTeHe
IIJBeiiuapues.
JlIO,ll;OBHK IIO,ll;TBep,n;HJI rpaMOTV 0 caMoyrrpasrreHHH illseihi:aomr.

OT

KopoHaUHH JI10,n;OBHKa s PttMe.
IIocTaHosrreHHe ceiiMa
Kopottaun10 s PnMe.

06

ll36paHHH

pttMCKHM

HMIIepaTopoM

JaMeHHJIO

flMnepaTOPhI J1IOKCeM6yprcKo-EoreMCKOro ,n;oMa.
IlpasrreHHe Kaprra IV.
Yqpe)l(.ZJ:eHne y1rnsepcnTeTa B Iloare.
3rrn,n;eMHH qYMbI B repMaHHH.
Ilpncoe,n;nHeHtte Eeptta K lllseiiuapcKOMV co10Jy.
Kopottaun11 Kaprra

IV s PnMe.

«30JIOTM 6yrrrra», 3aKOeIIHBIIlaH dJeo,n;aJihHVIO pa3,n;po6rreHHOCTh repMaHHH.
BoiiHa rameiicKOro COI03a c L(aHHeii. IIopa)l(eHHe raHJeiicKoro <f>rroTa B Cpa)l(eHHH
IIPH rerrh3HHr6opre.
Ilpncoe,n;ttHeHne THDoJ11I K ABCTPHH.
BTOPaJl BOHHa rameiicKoro COI03a c L(aHneii:. B31ITHe KorreHrareHa H rerrh3HHrepa.
Boii:Ha Kaprra

IV c BncKOHTH.

Ilo6e,n;a lllsa6cKoro ropo,n;cKoro co103a Ha,n; YrrhpttxoM, ChIHOM s10pTeM6eprcKoro
road>a 36eprap,n;a.
IlpaBJieHne BeHueJI11, ChIHa Kaprra

IV.

CrrHHHHe Peii:HcKoro H lllsa6cKoro ropo,n;cKnx coIOJOB.
IIoproKeHne Jleorrorrh,n;a AscTpttii:cKoro B 6HTBe co IIJseii:uapuaMH rrpH 3eMrraxe.
0CHOBaHtte VHHBepCHTeTa B reil:,n;eJ1h6epre.

489
1388

1389
1395
1396
1400
1400 - 1410
1401
1410
1410- 1437
1414-1418
1415
1416
1419
1419 - 1436
1422
1431-1449
1438 - 1439
1440 - 1493
1440 - 1446
1450
1476
1477
1482

IlopIDKeHHe JiemIOJib)J,a ABCTpHHCKoro B cpIDKeHHH co wBeiiuapuaMu rrpu
He«t>enbce.
IlopIDKeHue BOHCK lllBa6cKoro ropo)J,cKoro cm03a B cpIDKeuuu c 36eprap)J,OM rrpu
)l,eqiqiuureue.
IlopIDKeuue BOHCK PeiiucKoro ropo)J,CKoro cm03a B cpIDKeuuu c rr«t>anburpa«l>oM
PyrrpeXTOM y BopMca.
OcuoBauue yuuBepcun:1-a B Kenbue.
OcuoBaHue YHHBepcuTeTa B 3pd>ypTe.
KpeCTOBbIH rroxo)J, BeurpoB rrpOTHB TJPOK.
IlopIDI<eHHe KpeCTOHocueB B cpa)f<eHHH rrpu HuKOITOJie.
BeHueJib cBepruJT c HMrreparopcKoro rrpecToJia H ocTaeTCj[ TOJibKo EoreMCKHM
KoponeM.
IlpaBJieHHe PyrrpeXTa.
IlopIDI<eHHe HeMeUKHX BOHCK B cpIDI<eHHH c BwcKOHTH y Epewwu.
OcHoBaHHe yHHBepcuTeTOB B Jieiirruwre H HHroJibWTa)J,Te.
IIpaBJieHHe Cwrn3MYff)J,a, 6paTa BeHueJij[ - KOpOJij[ EoreMcKoro, 6brnwero
repMaHCKOro HMrrepaTopa.
KouCTaHllCKHH co6op.
Ka3Hb ryca B KoCTauue.
Ka3Hb llepoHHMa IlpIDKcKoro.
CMepTb BeHuem1, KOpOJij[ lioreMcKoro.
rycHTCKHe BOHHbl.
IlopIDKeHue CHrH3MYH)J,a OT rycwToB B cpIDKeHHH y )l,eiiq-fipo)J,a.
6a3eJibCKHH KOHrpecc. Cornaweuwe c rycHTaMH.
IlpaBJieHHe Anb6pexTa II H3 ra6c6yprCKOro )J,OMa.
IIpaBJieHHe <l>pH)J,pHxa III (IV - ecJIH cqwTaTb <l>pH)J,puxa ABcTpuiicKoro).
Me)J()J,Oyco6H~ BOHHa B lllBeiiuapww, rroMep)J(HBaeMM HMrreparopoM.
lf306peTeHHe KHHfOITeqaTaHHj[ lforaHHOM rYTeH6eproM.
IlopIDKeHHe Kapna CMeJioro OT WBeiiuapueB B cpIDKeHHH rrpH rpaHCOHe.
Ilopa)J(eHue Kapna CMeJioro B CPIDKeHHH rrpw HaHCH OT wBeii11aoueB H ero cMepTh.
)l,oroBop JlIO)J,OBHKa XI c MaKCHMHJIHauoM, CbIHOM <l>pu)J,puxa, o uacJie)J,CTBe
Kapna CMenoro (JlIO)J,OBHK rronyqHJI Eypryff)J,HIO).

repMaHHH (HoBaH HCTOpHH)

1493 - 1519
1508
' 1509
1512
1513
1517
1517-1556
1520
1521
1521 - 1526
1522
1523
1524 - 1525

IlpaBJieHHe MaKCHMHJIHaua I.
COI03 ITPOTHB BeHeUHH, 3aKJIIOqeHHblH c llcrraHHeH, <l>paHUHeH H narrow.
Hey)J,aqHM oca)J,a Ila)J,yw.
Pa3)J,eJieHue HMrrepwu Ha 10 oKpyroB.
IIpucoe)J,HHeHHe MaKCHMHJIHaHa K CBj[llleHHOH nwre c ueJibIO u1ruaHHj[ qipaHuy30B
H3 lfTaJIHH.
liopb6a Jirorepa rrpOTHB HH)J,YJibreHUHH.
Haqano PeqiopMaUHH.
IlpaBJieHue llMrreparopa Kapna V.
Co)J()J(eHue B BurreH6epre rrarrcKoii: 6yJIJibI.
CeiiM B BopMce. 061,j[BJieHHe JlIOTepa epeTHKOM.
Boiiua Kapna V c <l>paHUHCKOM I. Kapn V 3MBHJI rrpHTj[3aHHj[ Ha MHJiaH H
EypryH)J,HIO, <l>paHUHCK I - Ha wcrraucKHe Hu)J,epnaH)J,bI u HearrOJib.
KoHquHa PeifXJIHHa.
BoccTauue pb1uapeil rrpornB BJia)J,eTeJibHbIX Kffj[3eii.
KoHqHHa Y Jibpuxa d>oH fyrreHa.
BoccTaHHe KpeCTbj[H B <l>paHKOHHH H lllBa61111, )J(eCTOKO rro)J,aBJieHHoe.

490
1525
1526- 1532
1527 -1529
1529
1530
1531
1532
1535
1536 - 1538
1545 -1563
1546
1546 - 1547
1547
1548
1552 - 1555
1553
1555
1556
-

1556 - 1564
1564 - 1576
1566
1576-1612

1608
1609
1609
1609
1609
1612 - 1619
1618
1618-1648
1618
1619 - 1637
1619
1619

Bo3HHKHOBem1e repuorCTBa TipycCHH, COCTOHBIIIero B JieHHOH 3aBHCHMOCTH OT
TioJihIIIH ( o6pa3oBaJIOCh H3 ,nyxoBHO-phIQapcKoro op,neHa).
BofiHa c Typuwefi.
BTOpasi BOHHa Kapna V c <l>paHQHCKOM I.
CeHM B lllnefiepe.
Oca,na BeHhI TYPKaMH.
)l.erepMHHaQHH rrpoTeCTaHTCKHMli KHH3hHMH Ha cefiMe B Ayrc6ypre cBoero
BepowcrroBe,naHHH.
lllMaJihKaJib)J;eHcKHH ( rrpoTeCTaHTCKHH) COf03.
BTOp)!(eHHe cynmHa CynefiMaHa B BeHrpwro.
CMYThI aHa6arrmcTOB B MroHCTepe.
BofiHa Kapna V c <l>paHQHCKOM I 11 CynefiMaHoM. TipaBneHHe <l>ep,nHHaH,na
lliTHpHHCKOro.
Tpwi:i:eHTCKHH co6op, rrpoBo3rnacHBIIIHH 6e3ycnoBHoe rnaBeHCTBO rrarrhI PwMcKoro.
K0Hq11Ha JlroTepa.
lliManhKaJihAeHcKasi BOHHa.
Tiop~eHHe BoficK lllMaJihKaJihAeHcKoro coro3a B cp~eHHH c KapnoM V rrp11
Mronh6epre.
Ayrc6yprCKHH HHTepHM, OTBeprHYThIH 6oJibllIHHCTBOM rrpOTeCTaHTCKHX KHH3eH.
HoBasi BOHHa c npoTeCTaHTaMH rrpw rroMep)!(Ke dJPaHQYJCKoro rrpaBHTeJihCTBa.
Tio6ei:i:a Mop111.1a CaKcoHcKoro Hall: Anh6peXToM EpaHi:i:eH6yprcKHM B cpa)!(eHHH
11p11 C11BepcraYJeHe.
Ayrc6yprcKHH peJIHrH03HhIH MHp, yCTaHOBHBIIIHH, qTo CTPaHa )l:OJI)!(Ha
HCITOBe)l:OBaTh Ty peJIHrHfO, KOTOPYfO liCITOBe,nyer ee rocyi:i:apb.
TioTepsi Meua, Tynsi H Bepi:i:eHa, oTOuiei:i:IIIHx K <l>paHQHH.
OTPeqeH11e Kapna V OT rrpeCTona.
TipaBJieHHe <l>epi:i:11HaHi:i:a I.
TipaBJieHHe MaKCHMHJIHaHa I.
Tiocnei:i:HHH rroxoi:i: CVJITaHa Cvneil:MaHa ITPOTHB MaKCHMHJIHaHa I.
TipaBJieHHe Py,nonbcpa II. Bo3po)!()l:eHHe KaTOJIHQH3Ma 11 yKpeMeHwe He3yHTOB.
B0306HOBJieHwe 6oph6b1 Me)!(i:i:y rrpoTeCTaHTaMH H KaTOJIHKaMH.
YHHH rrpoTeCTaHTCKHX KHH3eH BO rnaBe c <l>pwi:i:pHXOM v TicpanbQCKHM.
Jlwra KaTOJIHqecKHX KHH3ett; ee B03rJiaBJIHJIH MaKCHMHJIHaH 6aBapCKHH li
<l>ep)l:HHaH)J; lllTHpHHCKHH.
3axaaT BeHrpHH, MopaBHH H ABCTPHH MaTBeeM, 6paToM HMrrepaTopa.
Pyi:i:onhcp )l:aJI qeIIICKHM rrpoTeCTaHTaM «fpaMOTY BenwqecTBa» 0 cBo6oi:i:e
coBepIIIeHHH 6orocny)!(eHHH, oi:i:ttaKo, BCKope MaTBeH 3axBaTHJI H qexwro.
Haqano 6opb6h1 3a ronwx-KJieBcKoe Hacnei:i:cTBo.
MaTBeH Hapynmn rrpwewner1111 qeIIICKHX rrpOTecTaHToB.
fepuorcTBo EpaHi:i:eH6yprcKoe cTano Kypci>ropIIIeCTBOM.
TpHAQaTHJierHsisi BOHHa.
BoccTaHHe B Tipare.
TipaBJieHHe <l>epi:i:wHaHi:i:a II.
Bhlxoi:i: 1Iexww H3-rroi:i: BJiaCTH <l>epi:i:wttatti:i:a II 11 H36paHHe qeIIICKHM KOponeM
<l>Pllil:PllXa v Tic!>anhQCKOro.
<l>epi:i:HHaH)l: II CTaJI BO rnaBe KaTOJIHqecKOH Jllifli.

491
1620
1620
1620
1622
1622
1622
1623
1624- 1629
1626
1626
1626
1626
1627
1627 - 1628
1627 -1628
1629

1630
1630-1648
1630
1631
1631
1631
1632
1632
1633
1634
1634
1635

Ilopa'lKeHHe '-leXOB B cpa'lKeHHH c HMnepCKHMH BOUCKaMH B 6HTBe y Eenou ropbi.
EercTBo <l>pH.ll.pHxa V Ilcl>aJihilCKOro H3 l.JeXHH H 3am1THe ee HMnepCKHMH
BOUCKaMH.
Ka3HH
OrMetta «rpaMOTb1
Benw'-leCTBa»,
3anpemettue
npOTeCTaHTCTBa.
npOTeCTaHTOB.
Ilopa'lKeHHe HMnepCKHX BOUCK no,ll, KOMaH,ll,OBaHHeM Tunnw Mattccl>enh,ll,OM y
BwcnoKa.
Ilopa'lKeHHe MapKrpacl>a na,ll,eH,ll,ypJiaXCKOfO OT HMnepCKHX BOUCK nO,ll,
KOMaH,ll,OBaHneM THJIJIH B cpa'lKeHHH y BwMncl>etta.
Ilopa'lKettwe XpwCTHatta EpayttIIrneurcKoro OT HMnepcKHX BOUCK nO,ll,
KOMaH,ll,oBaHHeM THJIJIH B cpa'lKeHHH y XexCTa.
IlOKOpeHHe Ilcl>aJibila HMnepCKHM BOUCKOM no,ll, KOMaH,ll,OBaHHeM THJIJIH H C,ll,a'-la
ero MaKCHMHJIHaHy EaBapcKOMY.
BoopY'lKeHHoe BMewaTeJihCTBO ,ll,aHHH B TpH.ll.UaTHJieTHIOIO Boutty.
Ilopa'lKettue Mattccl>enb,ll,a B cpa'lKeHHH npu ,ll,eccaYJp6p10KKe OT HMnepcKHX BOUCK
no,ll, KOMaH,ll,oBaHHeM BannettwTeutta.
KoH'-!HHa XpHCTHatta EpayttwBeurcKoro.
Ilopa'lKeHHe ,ll,aT'-laH B cpa'lKeHHH npu Eepett6epre c HMnepcKHMH BoucKaMH no,ll,
KOMaH,ll,OBaHHeM BannettwTeutta.
Kott'-!HHa Mattcd>enh,ll,a.
3aBOeBaHHe r OJillITHHHH HMnepCKHMH BoucKaMH no,ll, KOMaH,ll,OBaHHeM THJIJIH 11
Bannettwreutta.
3aBoeBattwe llJJie3BHra H IOTJiaH,ll,HH HMnepcKHMH BOUCKaMH no,ll, KOMaH,ll,OBaHHeM
BannettwTeutta.
Oca,ll,a lllTpanh3ytt.ll.a HMnepcKHMH BOHCKaMH no,ll, KOMaH,ll,OBaHHeM BannettrnTeutta.
MHp c ,ll,attueu B JI106eKe; ycTynKa eu Bcex 3aBOeBaHHbIX o6nacTeu.
PeCTHTYilHOHHblU 3,ll,HKT, no KOTOpOMY KaTOJIHKaM B03BpameHhl BCe .ll.YXOBHbJe H
MOHaCTblpCKHe ueHHOCTH, pattee nepellle,ll,llIHe K npoTecTaHTaM.
0TCTaBKa BanneHwTeutta no 'lKano6aM KypdJ10pcTOB.
BoopY'lKeHttoe BMernaTeJihCTBO ll1Beu1111 B Tp11.ll.uaT11JICTHI010 Boutty.
BbICa,ll,Ka ryCTaBa-A,ll,OJihcl>a B repMaHHH H BblTeCHeHHe HM HMnepcKHX BOUCK H3
IloMepaHHH H MeKJiett6ypra.
Pa3opettwe Mar,ll,e6ypra HMnepcKHMH BOUCKaMH no,ll, KoMaH,ll,OBaHHeM THJIJIH.
Ilopa'lKeHHe HMnepCKHX BOUCK no,ll, KOMaH,ll,OBaHHeM THJIJIH B cpa'lKeHHH npH
Epefirettcl>eJib,ll,e OT BOHCK rycTaBa-A,ll,OJlbqia.
Ilopa'lKeHHC HMnepCKHX BOHCK no,ll, KOMaH,ll,OBaHHeM THJIJIH B cpa'lKeHHH y Jlexa OT
rycTaBa-A,ll,OJibcl>a. THJIJIH CMepTeJibHO paHeH B 3TOM Cpa'lKeHHlf.
11-He,ll,eJibHaR oca,ll,a
rycmBa-A,ll,OJihcl>a
IloKopettwe EaBapttH llIBe,ll,aMH.
BanneHllITCHHOM B Hl0ptt6epre.
Ilopa'lKeHHe BanJieHllITeHHa B cpa'lKeHHH co UIBe,ll,aMH no,ll, JieifnuHroM H CMepTb
rycTaBa-A,ll,OJihd>a.
Bmp'lKeHHe Eepttrap,ll,a CaKcett-BeuMapcKoro B <l>paHKOHHIO. B3RTHe Perettc6ypra
Eepttrap,ll,OM CaKcett-BeifMapcKHM.
Y6wucTBo BannettwTeiftta.
Ilopa)f(eHHe wBe,ll,OB B cpa)f(eHHH npw HepMHHrette.
Mwp B Ilpare Me'lK.ll.Y CaKcottweu H HMnepampoM, no KOTopoMy 3a CaKcottweu
OCTaJICR Jlay3HU; 3axsaqeHHb1e uepKOBHbIC H MOHaCTblpCKHe 3eMJIH ,ll,OJI)f(Hbl
ocmBaThCR B PYKaX HOBhIX BJia,ll,eJihUeB 40 JieT. Epatt,ll,ett6ypr H 6oJibllIHHCTBO
npOTecTaHTCKHX BJia,ll,eTCJibHbIX KHR3eU 3aKJIIO'{HJIH c HMnepaTopoM MHp Ha Tex 'lKe
ycJIOBHRX, KaK H CaKCOHHR.

492
1635 -1648

1637 -1657
1639
1640- 1688
1642
1643 -1727
1643 - 1645
1643
1643
1644
1645
1645
1645
1645
1646-1716
1646
1647
1648
1648

1648

1656
1658 - 1705
1660
1661-1664
1664
1672- 1673
1674
1675

BMernaTeJihCTBO <l>paHQRH e 30-JieTHIOIO eoii.Hy.
Ilop!l)l(eHHe RMrrepCKHX BOHCK OT rneep:CKHX ITOA KOMaHAOBaHHeM IiaHHepa B
cpa)l(eHHR rrpu BHTTllITOKe.
IlpaeJieHue <l>ep;:i:uHaHAa II.
K0Hq1rna IiepHrap;:i:a CaKceH-Beii.MapcKoro.
IlpaeJieHue <l>pffApHxa-B11JI1.reJI1>Ma, Kypcf>iopcrn lipaH;:i:eH6yprcKoro.
Ilopa)l(eHRe HMITepCKHX BOHCK OT rnee;:i:oe B cpa)l(eHRR rrpH lipeii.TeHCpeJih)J;e.
)Ku3Hh H ;:i:eHTeJihHOCTh 11caaKa lliIOTOHa.
YqaCTue ,IlaHHH, o6'bHBHBrneii. eoii.Hy ll1Beuuu, e TpHAQaTHJieTHeii. eoii.He.
Ilopa)l(eHHe <)>paHQyJOB B cp!l)l(eHHH rrpu TyrnuHreHe.
0TKPhITHe MHPHhIX neperoeopoe Me)l()J;y HMrrepaTOOOM H ll1Beuueii. B 0cHa6plOKe.
OTKphITHe MHpHhIX neperoeopoe Me)l()J;y HMrrepaTopoM H <l>paHQHeii. B MioHCTepe.
C;:i:aqa HMnepcKHx eoii.cK UIBeti:aM B cp!l)l(eHHH rro;:i: Mar;:i:e6yproM.
Pa3rpoM RMnepcKHX eoii.cK rnee;:i:aMH B cpa)l(eHttH no;:i: JlHKay.
Ilopa)l(eHtte <)>paHQY3CKHX eoii.cK rro;:i: KOMaH;:i:oeaHHeM TiopeHHa e cpa)l(eHHH rrpH
MepreHTreii.Me.
Ilop!l)l(eHHe 6aeapuee OT <)>paHQyJCKHX BOHCK no;:i: KOMaHAOBaHHeM TiopeHHa e
cp!l)l(eHHH nnfl AJIJiepcrei1Me.
)KH3Hh fl p:eHTeJlhHOCTh roTcf>pHAa B11Jih[eJihMa Ileii.6HHQa.
Brop)l(eHfle rnee;:i:cKo-<)>paHQyJCKHX eoii.cK e Iiaeapuio.
YJihMCKoe rrepeMHptte Me)l(ey liaeapueii., <l>paHutteii. fl ll1Beufleii.. IiaeapHH
Hapyrn11Jia col03 c flMrreparopoM.
Hoeoe BTOp)l(eHHe rnee;:i:cKo-<)>paHQyJCKflX BOHCK B liaeapttio, HapyrnHernee
Y JihMCKoe rrepeMHpHe. Onycrornemi:e IiaeapHH.
BeCT<)>aJihCKHH MHp Me)l()J;y HMrreparopoM, repMaHHeH, <l>paHQHeii. H ll1BeQHeH.
YcrynKa ll1BeQHH 3arra;:i:Hoii. IloMepaHHH, ocrpoea PioreHa, rop. BucMapa,
IipeMeHCKOro OKpyra (HO He IipeMeHa), <l>ep;:i:eHa H ynJiaTa 5 MJIH. TaJiepoB
KOffTPH6yuuu. YcryrrKa <l>paHQHH 3Jih3aca u npH3HaHHe ee npae Ha <l>HJiurrrrc6ypr.
Y cryrrKa EaeapHH BepXHero Il<)>aJI1.ua; OCTaJihHaH qaCTh Il<)>aJI1.ua nepernJia K ChIHY
<l>pu;:i:puxa v. IlpH3HaHHe He3aBHCHMOCTH Hu.LlepJiaHAOB H ll1Beii.uapHH.
Bceo6maH aMHHCTHH H eoccTaHOBJieHHe rropgp:Ka, rocrro;:i:cTBOBaernero ;:i:o 1618
ro;:i:a. 06merepMaHCKHe AeJia pernalOTCH HMnepCKHM ceiiMOM. Ilptt3HaHHe ITOJIHOH
He3aBHCHMOCTH ecex repMaHCKHX KH~l3eH. KaK cJie;:i:creue 3roro pacrra;:i:
repMaHHH Ha MHO)l(eCTBO (OKOJIO 300) MeJIKHX KffH)l(eCTB H OCJia6JieHHe BJiaCTH
HMrreparopa.
Tipe;:i:ocraeJieHtte
JIIOTepaHaM
H pe<)>opMaropaM
ceo6o;:i:1.1
Bepoucrrose;:i:aHHH. 11crroJIHeHHe ;:i:oroeopa rapaHTHpoeaHo <l>paHQHeii H ll1Beuueii.
3KOHOMHqecKHH
H KYJihTYPHhIH
yrra;:i:oK
repMaHHH,
KaK
CJie)J;CTBHe
TpH;:i:QaTHJieTHeii BOHHhI.
,Iloroeop B KeHurc6epre Me)l(;:i:y IipaH;:i:eH6yproM H ll1Beu11eii H rrpH3HaHHe
IipaH;:i:eH6yproM ee maeeHcTea.
TipaBJieHHe IleorrOJihti:a I, yrraAOK repMamm npH HeM.
Oceo6o)l(p:eHHe IipaH;:i:eH6ypra llleeu11eii OT JieHHOii 3aBHCHMOCTH H npH3HaHHe ero
IlOJihllleii H ll1Beuueii He3aBHCHMhIM rocy;:i:apcTBOM.
BoiiHa c Typuueii.
Tio6e;:i:a Hap: TypKaMH B cpa)l(eHHH npH Paa6e.
YqaCTHe lipaHAeH6ypra B BOHHe roJIJiaffAHH c AHrnHeii, <l>paHimeif H ll1Beutteif.
YqaCTHe repMaHHH B HOBOH KOaJIHQHH (11crraHHH, ronJiaHAHH, ,IlaHHH) npOTHB
<l>paHQHH.
Tiopa)l(emi:e rnee;:i:oe B cpa)l(eHHH npu <l>ep6eJIJIHHe OT 6paHAeH6yprcKHX eoiicK.

493
1677
1678
1679
1681
1682 - 1699
1683
1685-1750
1685-1750
1686
1687
1688 - 1713
1689 - 1697
1697

1700- 1721
1701
1701-1714
1701 -1706
1701
1702
1702
1703
1703
1704
1705-1711
1705
1706

1707 - 1783
1707 -1778
1708
1709

1710
1713

BoccTamre TeKe.rrlf s BeHrpRif.
lIBMsereHCKifH MlfP If YCTYilKa <l>paHI_\IfO <l>peii6ypra.
Mop co lllBeuoeii o ycTynKa eii IlOtITO scex 3asoesattuii.
3axsaT CTPac6ypra d>oaHUY3aMo.
BoiiHa c Typuoeii.
Oca,!la BeHhl TypKaMtt; CHHTHe oca,!lhI nOJIHKaMif IlOtl KOMaH,lloBaHoeM .HHa
Co6ecKoro.
)l(H3Hh o TBOptieCTBO IforaHHa Ce6aCThsrHa Iiaxa.
)l(H3Hh 0 TBOplleCTBO feopra <l>po,!lpHxa feH,!leJill.
YtiaCTUe fepMaHoo B Ayrc6yprcKoii rrore (McnaHo»:, f OJIJiaH,!lOH, lliseuHH u
Casoii:»:) npoms <l>paHuoo.
«MaTeMaTOlleCKOe HatiaJIO eCTeCTBeHHOH <jmrrocoqmo» Hl:.IOTOHa.
ITpmHattoe ceiiMOM BeHrptttt Hacne,!lcTBeHHoro npasa.
Ilpasrrettoe <l>pfftlpuxa I IlpyccKoro.
Boii:tta Ayrc6yprcKoii: rruru c <l>paHuHeii.
M36pamre Asrycrn CaKcOHCKoro Ha noJihCKHH npeCToJI.
PucsttKCKHK Mttp c <l>pattuueif.
ITopIDKeHoe TYPOK B cpa)((eHttu npo 3aHTe.
CesepHa»: soii:Ha (l 72lr. - HlfrmawcKoii MHp).
Kyp<IJ!OpCT IipaH,!leH6yprcKuif npttH»:JI THTYJI Kopon»: ITpyccKoro.
IlpOB03rnaweHue Ilpyccuu KOpOJieBCTBOM.
Boii:Ha 3a ucnaHCKoe Hacrre,!lCTBo.
Iiooh6a 3a MTaJIHIO c <l>paHuoeii:.
ITo6e,!la Esretto»: Casoii:cKoro HM <1JpattUY3aMH B cpa)((eHoo npo Kapm1 u Kuapu.
CpIDKeHHe Me)((.uy oMnepcKoMo o $paHU)'3CKHMH soii:cKaMo npH J110uappo.
ITopIDKeHoe OMnepCKHX BOHCK npo <l>po.umrnreHe <IJpaHUY3CKHMO no.u
KOMaH.uosaHHeM Burrrrapa.
BorrHeHHH s BeHrpHo.
ITepsoe cpa)((eHtte nptt XoxwTe.uTe.
ITopa)((eHtte <IJpaHUY3CKo-6asapCKHX BOHCK OT HMnepcKHX B cpa)((eHHH nptt
XoxwTep:re.
ITpasneHtte Mocu<IJa I.
ITopa)((eHne ttMnepcKox soiicK B cpa)((eHHH c d>oaHu)'3aMo nptt KaccaHo.
ITopa)((eHtte <t>paHUY30B B cpIDKeHou c nMnepcKHMH soii:cKaMH rro.u PYKOBO.UCTBOM
EsreHtt»: CasoiicKoro npo TypttHe.
ITopa)((eHtte pyccKo-caKCOHCKHX soii:cK B cpa)((ettou co wse.uaMtt H ttMrrepcKo6asapcKttMH soiicKaMtt y <l>paywTMTa.
AJihYpaHWTMTCKttii Mop Me)((.uy lllBeutteii: " CaKCOHtteii:. 0TKa3 Asrycrn OT
IlOJlhCKOH KOpOHhI, nptt3Haaue CraHucnasa Jiew;uttcKoro noJihCKHM KoporreM,
BbI,!latia IlaTKYJIH H yIIJiaTa KOHTptt6yutto.
)l(If3Hh H .ue»:TeJihHOCTh Jleottap.ua 3ii:Jiepa.
)l(If3Hh " .ueHTeJihHOCTh Kapna JluHHe»:.
ITopa)l(eHtte <t>paHUY30B OT aHrno-oMnepcKHX soifcK B cpa)((eHttO rrptt Y .ueHap.ue.
B3»:Ttte JlttJIJIH UMrrepcKHMH rro.u KOMaHp:osaHtteM EsreHttH CasoiicKoro.
ITopa)((eHoe <t>paHUY30B B cpa)((eHHH c aHrJIO-HMIIepCKHMH soiicKaMu npo
Manh11Jiaxe.
BroptttIHoe socxo)((p:ettoe AsryCTa CaKcoHcKoro Ha nOJihCKttii: npecToJI.
IlpH3HaHoe HeffTPaJIHTeTa II!BetJ:CKHX BJia,lleHHH B fepMaHOH.
YYpeXTCKOii: Mttp. ITpU3HaHtte Ilpycctttt KoponesCTsoM.

494
1714- 1718
1714

Bofitta c Typu:Hett.
MHp B Ea,11,ette Me)K,11,y <l>paHQHefi H HMnepampoM.
IlpHcoe,11,HHeHHe HcnaHCKHX HH.uepnaH.UOB H MHnaHa, Heanom1 H CHu:unuu.
Bocwecrnue raHHoBepcKofi .u1rnacT1111 Ha aHrnuficKHfi npeCTon.
COl03 PocCHH c IlpyccueH:, CaKCOHHeH, raHHOBepoM ll ,l.J;aHHeH npOTHB lllBeu:uH.

1715

Ilpttcoe,UHHeHHe <l>ep,UeHa H opeMeHa K raHHOBepy.
3aBoeBaHHe IloMepaHttH.

1716

Ilo6e,11,a HMnepCKHX BOHCK Ha)J. TypKaMH B cpa)!(eHHH npH IleTepBap,UettHe.
KoHqHHa neH:6HttQa.

1717

Ilopa)!(eHHe TYPOK B cpa)!(eHHH no.u I>enrpa.uoM OT BOHCK EBreHm1 CaBottcKoro.
Oca.ua 11 B3llme I>enrpa.ua EBreHtteM CaBottcKttM.
TioTep» Cap.uumm.

1718

Mttp c TypQHett B naccapoBHU:e. IlpHCOe,UHHeHHe I>enrpa.na, TeMewBapcKoro
oKpyra, Cep6uu H ManoH: Banaxuu
IloTep» Cuu:unuH.
MHp raHHOBepa c lllBeu:ueif.
IlPH3HaHHe 3a faHHOBePOM npaB Ha <l>ep,UeH ll IipeMeH.
MHp B CmKronhMe Me)l(,11,y lllBeQtteif H TipyccHett, nonyqnBrneI1 no HeMy IJaCTb
IloMepaHHM, oCTpoBa BennHH 11 Y3e,11,0M.

1719
1720
1720
1722
1724 - 1804
1725
1729- 1781
1732 -1809
1733-1735
1735
I 736 - 1739
1738

HcnaHH» OTKa3anach OT npaB Ha HH.uepnaH.UbL
Cel1M B Tipecc6ypre.
)i{u3Hb 11 .ueHTenhHOCTb lIMMaHyuna KaHTa.
CoI03bI Me)!(,11,y ABcTptteii H HcnaHueii H Me)!(,11,y Ilpyccttefi, AHrnttefi H <I>paHu:ueii.
)i{ll3Hb H ,11,eHTeJibHOCTb roTXOJlb,11,a 3Q>paHMa necCHHra.
)i{mHb ll TBOpqecTBO Ho3e$a rau,11,Ha.
BMernaTeJibCTBO B IlOJlbCKHe .uena. Boop~eHHaH
CTaHHcnaBa nemttHCKOro.
PyccKtte BoiicKa BnepBbie nollBHnttch Ha Pel1He.

no.n.uep)!(Ka

c

Pocctteii

Hey.uaqttaH BOHHa c Typu:tteii.
Mup B BeHe c <I>pattu:ueii. CTaHHCJlaB nemHHCKHH OTKa3anCH OT npaB Ha
fiOJibCKHH npeCTOJI ll nonyqttn B Il0)!(J13HeHHOe Bna,11,eHue repu:orCTBO
noTapHHfCKOe, KOTopoe nocne ero CMepTH ,11,0Jl)!(HO nepettTH K <l>paHQHH,
repu:or JIOTapHHfCKHH nonyq1111 repu:orcTBO TocKaHy. ABcTpttll o6MeHllna
HeanOJJb, CttU:HJlHlO H 3nh6y Ha napMy H IlbllqeHu:y. <l>paHQHll nptt3Hana
nparMaTuqecKyIO caHKU:HIO, yrnep)f(,11,aBIIIyIO npecTonoHacne,11,tte 3a )KeHCKoii
JlHHHett B cnyqae npeKpameHHH MY)KCKOH.

1739
1740-1786

M11p c Typu:uei1 s Iienrpa.ue. IloTepH IienrpaAa, Cep6iiu 11 Manoi% Banaxuu.

1740-1745
1740-1742
1740
1741

flpaBneHtte Maptttt Tepe3HH.
nepBaH Cttne3CKaH BOttHa.

1742-1747

<l>pttApttx II BenHKHii, Koponb npyccKHH.
Boi1Ha 3a aBCTpHHCKoe Hacne)J,cTBo.

B3HTHe rnoray npyccKHMH BOHCKaMH.
nopa)!(eHtte aBCTPHHCKHX BOHCK OT npyccKHX B 611TBe npH MonbBHU:e.
HHMIPeH6yprcKtti1 COI03 nponrn ABCTpHH, 3aKJ1IOqeHHblH Me)!(AY <l>paHu:ueif,
oaBaptt.ett H HcnaHtteH:. TI03):\Hee K COI03Y npHMKHyna CaKCOHHH H, HaKOHeu:,
Tipycc1rn.
3aHHTHe Ilparn ¢paHU:Y3CKo-6aBapcKHMH BoiicKaMH.
HHM<l>eH6yprcKHH co103 npos03rnac11n repMaHCKHM HMnepaTopoM,
KapJIOM VII - Kapna-Anh6epTa oaBapcKoro.

495
1742

1743
1744- 1803
1744-1745
1744
1745-1769
1745

1746

1748
1749-1832
1750
1753
1756-1791
1756

1757

0TCTynnem1e <t>paHI..\YJCKo-6aBapcKwx BOUCK OT Ilpam.
IlopaJKeHHe aBCTPHUCKHX BOUCK B cpa'lKeHHH c npyccKHMH (no.a KOMaH,LIOBaHHeM
Kopom1 <l>pHJJ.pHxa) rrpw facnay.
MHp B EpecJTasne MeJK,Lly ABcTptteu u Ilpyccueu. ABCTPHSI ycrynHJia IlpyccHH
CHJie3ttIO, Ilpyccttsi npHHAAa Ha ce6si 3a CHJie3HIO JJ.OJir 1 700 000 TanepoB.
Mttp ABCTpHH c CapJJ.HHtteu.
)J{H3Hh H JJ.esireJihHOCTh HoraHHa foT<i>PH.Ua fepJJ.epa.
BTOpasi Cune3cKasi BOUHa.
B3j!Ttte Ilpam <l>pH.UpHXOM BeJTHKHM.
I1p11coe,L1HHeHtte BocToqHou <l>pttcJiaH.UHH K I1pycc11tt.
TioaBnemte <l>paHua I.
CoI03 Me'lKJJ.Y ABcTpHeu, CaKcoHtteu, AHrntteu H fosmaHJJ.11eu rrpOTHB I1pycc11w.
B3}lTHe MIOHXeHa <t>paHUYJaMH H 6asapuaMH.
K0Hq11Ha Kapna VII.
CerrapaTHhIM MHp ABCTPHH c Easapweu. B03BpameH:11e ABCTPHeu Bcex 3asoeBaHHU,
naBapweu
npH3HaHHe
<l>paHua-CTe<t>aHa nOTapHHfCKOfO
- repMaHCKHM
HMrrepaTopoM.
Ilopa)!(eHHe aHrnO-aBCTPHUCKHX BOUCK B cpaJKeHHH rrpu <l>OHTeHya B BOHHe c
<t>paHl.(y3aMH H Haqano 3aBOeBaHHll HMH aBCTPHHCKHX HwJJ.epnaH.uos.
Tiopa)f(eHHe aBCTPHHCKo-caKcOHCKHX BOHCK B cpa)f{eHHH rrpw XoxemjipH.L16epre OT
<l>pH,Llpttxa BeJIHKOro.
I1opa:ll<eH11e aBCTPHiiues OT rrpycCKHX BOUCK B cpa)!{eHHH rrpw Coope.
Ilopa)!{eHHe caKcoHues B cpaJKeHHH npw KecceJibJJ.Op<t>e rrpyccKHMH BoficKaMw.
,llpe3JJ.eHCKHii Mttp ABCTPHH H CaKcOHHH c Ilpyccweii. IlpyccttH rronyqHJia OT
ABCTpHH C11JTe3ttIO, OT CaKCOHHH JKe I 000 000 Tanepos KOHTPtt6yQHH, HO
rrpmHana <l>paHQa l HMrrepaTOpoM.
Ilopa)f(eHHe aHrJIO-aBCTPHHCKHX BOHCK OT <t>paHUYJOB B cpa'lKeHHH rrp11 PoKy H
ITOKOpeHHe HMH aBCTPHHCKHX HttJJ.epJiaH,LIOB.
CoI03 AscTpHH c Poccwefi.
AxeHcKHH MHp, ITO,LITBep,LIHBlIIHH YCTYITKY CHJIC3HH Ilpyccww H npmHamrn
nparMaTHqecKoii caHKQHH. Y cTyrrKa HcnaHHH IlhHqeHQhI, IlapMhI H fsacTaJIJihI.
)J{mHh H .ael!TeJihHOCTh l1oraHHa BoJThcbraHra feTe.
CoI03 c AHrntteil.
fpaqi npIOJih, 3aHllB ITOCT rrepsoro MHHHCTPa CaKCOHHH, no.uroTOBHJI COI03
AscTpHH c CaKCOHHefi H <l>paHuHeii.
)J{mHh H JJ.Cl!TeJihHOCTh Bonh<braHra AMa.aeH Mouaprn
BecTMHHcTepcKHH JJ.Orosop Me'lK.LIY AHnrne}i H Ilpyccweil., BhI3BaHHhIH orraceHHeM
3a r aHHOBep. B3}lTHe ):{pe3)],eHa <l>ptt,LlpHXOM BeJTHKHM.
Ilopa)f(eHHe aBCTpttuQeB OT BOHCK <1>pHJJ.p11Xa BeJIHKOro B CpaJKCHHH rrpu
no603ttl.(e.
CJJ.aqa caKCOHUeB B cpaJKeHHH ITOJJ. IlHPHOIO <l>PH.LIPHXY Bem1K0My.
fepMaHCKaH HMrrepHH o6oHBHJia BOHHY IlpyccttH, Ha CTOpOHY KOTopoil CTaJIH
faHHOBep, recceH, EpayHlIIBeur H rorn.
3aKJIJ:OqeHhI o6opoHHTeJihHO-HacTyrraTeJihHhie coI03hI MeJKJJ.Y AscTpHeil, Poccweil.,
<l>paHutteil H lllBeuweii.
CoI03 IlpyccHH c AHrntteii.
I1o6e.ua <l>pH.LlpHxa npH Ilpare Ha.a aBCTPHHUaMH. KoHqHHa lllBepttHa.
Oca.ua Ilpam <1>p:11.upwxoM.
IlopaJKeHHe <l>pHJJ.pHxa B cpaJKeHHH c aBcTpttfiCKHMH sofi.cKaMH npw KoJIJIHHe,
JJ.BHHYThIMH Ha ocBo6oJKJJ.eHHe Ilpam.

496
1757

1758

1759 - 1805
1759

1760

1761
1762

1762
1763
1765
1765 -1790
1772
1777
1778
1778 - 1779
1779
1780-1790

Tiopa'lKem1e repuora K)'M6eprratt)lcKoro OT cppaHU)'30B B cpa'lKeHtttt rrptt
r aCTllH6eKe.
Tiopa'lKeHtte rrpyccKttx aoii:cK B cpa'lKeHttll c pyccKttMll aoii:cKaMtt ArrpaKctttta rrptt
rpoccerepci:1opcpe.
Tio6e)la <l>ptt)lpttxa B cpa'lKeHttll rrptt Poc6axe Hail cppattU)'3aMtt.
Tiopa)l(etttte rrpyccKttx aoii:cK B cpa'lKeHttll c aacTpttii:QaMtt rrptt Epecrraarre.
Tio6e)la <l>ptt!lpttxa a cpa'lKeHtttt rrptt Jleii:Tette HM aBCTpttii:QaMtt.
Hey)la1rna51 oca)la OrrhMIOUa <l>ptt)lpttxoM.
Tio6e)la rrpyccKttx aoii:cK Hail cppaHQ)'3aMtt B cpa'lKeHttll rrptt Kpecperrh)le.
Tio6e)la <l>ptt)lpttxa Hail pyccKttMtt B cpa)l(eHtttt nptt ll,optti:1opcpe.
Tiopa)l(eHtte <l>pttilpttxa c aacTpttii:UaMtt B cpa)l(eHttll rrptt XoXKHpxette.
)Ktt'lKHh tt )le5!TeJihHOCTh <l>pll):(pttxa I.Ihulrrepa.
Tiopa)l(eHtte rrpyccKttx aoii:cK a cpa'lKeHtttt c cppattu)'3aMtt rrptt Eeprette.
Tiopa)l(eHtte rrpyccKttX aoii:cK a cpa)l(eHtttt c pyccKttMtt rrptt ll,IorrrrttKay.
Tio6e)la rrpyccKttx aoii:cK B cpa)l(eHttll c cppattuy3aMtt rrptt Mtttt)leHe.
Tiopa'lKeHtte <l>pttilpttxa B cpa'lKeHttll c pyccKHMH rrptt KyttHepc)lopcpe.
B3HTtte )J;pe3)leHa aacTpttii:uaMH.
C)laqa npyccKttx aoii:cK aaCTpttii:uaM B cpa'lKeHttH rrptt MaKceHe.
Tio6e)la rrpyccKHX BOHCK B Cpa'lKeHJm rrptt JlaH)lCfYTe.
Hey)laqHaH oca)la )J;pe3)leHa rrpyccKHMll aoii:cKaMtt.
Tio6e)la <l>ptt)lpttxa HM aaCTpttiiuaMtt B cpa)l(eHttll rrptt Tiq>acpeH)lOpcpe.
B3HTHe EeprrttHa pyccKttMH.
Tio6e)la <l>ptt)lpttxa HM aBCTpttiiQaMtt B cpa'lKeHHll IIPll Topray.
<l>pttilpttx B yKperrrreHHOM rrarepe rrptt EyHQeJihBttUe.
B35Ime IlIBeii:)lHttua aBCTpttii:uaMtt.
B3HTtte Korrh6epra pyccKttMll.
TiepeMttp11e c Pocctteii: a lllrnprap)le.
Mttp c Pocctteii: B TieTep6ypre. Pocc1151 aepHyrra ace caott 3aaoeaaHttH.
Mttp co lllaeutteii: B raM6ypre, ycTaHOBllBIIIllH B3aHMHOe JIOJIO)l(eHHe rocy)lapCTB
TaKoe 'lKe, KaK 11 rrepe!l aoii:ttoii:.
0T3hIB pyccKttx aoii:cK B Poccmo.
Tio6e)la <l>ptti:1pttxa a cpa'lKeHttll rrp11 EypKepC!lOpcpe Hail aacTpttii:uaMH.
Tio6e)la rrpycCKllX BOHCK Ha)l aBCTpHHCKllMll B cpa'lKCHllll nptt <l>peii:6epre.
ry6epTC6yprCKllH MHp, JIO)lTBCpilllBIIIHH ycJIOBllH 6pecrraBJJbCKOfO H ilPC3)leHCKOro
Mttpa.
Y qpe)l()leH11e 3eMeJihHoro 6aHKa B Eepmrne, CB060)la aepottcnoae)laHttii:,
o65I3aTeJihHOCTh o6yqeHll5I, orpaHttqeHHe BJiaCTtt IIOMeIUllKOB Ha)l KpeCTbHHaMll.
TipaarreH11e l1oc11cpa II ABCTPllHCKOro.
YqaCTtte B nepaoM pa3i:1ene TiorrhIIJtt: ABCTPllH rrptto6perra rarrttutt10, a TipyccttH
rrptto6perra 3eMJill rro HH)l(HeMy TeqeHttIO BttCJihI.
KoHqttHa MaKcttMllJIHaHa-Hocttcpa EaaapcKoro tt rrpeKpameHtte rrpHMoii: JittHttH
6aaapCKllX Kypcp!OpCTOB.
3aHHTtte IO'lKHOH Eaaaptttt aBCTpttfiuaMtt.
Co103 Tipycctttt c CaKcotttteii: rrpOTttB ABCTPllll.
Boiitta 3a 6aaapcKoe HaCJie)lCTBO (TipyccttH ll CaKCOHllH npOTllB ABCTpHH),
nporne)lillaH 6e3 e)lHHOro cpa)l(eHttH.
Mttp B TeIIIeHe. ABCTPHH rronyqttna qacTh Easaptttt, orpattttqeHHYIO lfHHOM,
3arrhuoii: tt )J;yHaeM, TipyccttH - Attcrrax tt Eeii:peii:T, CaKCOHttH 6 MHJIJillOHOB TarrepoB.
E)lllHOJIWIHOe rrpaarreHtte Hocmba II B llMnepllll ra6c6yproa.

497
1781

1783
1785
1791

1792

1793

1794
1795
1795

1795
1796

1797

1799

YKa3 Hocmpa II ABCT(HfHCKoro 0 sepOTepnHMOCTH H COKpameHHH lJHCJia
MOHaCTbipeif. 0TMeHa KpenoCTHOro COCTO.llHH.11. OTMeHa nhITOK H HHKBH3HQHH.
J13p;aHue KHHrH «KpHTHKa lJHCToro pa3)'Ma» H.KaHTa.
PedJopMa HMnepc1<oro cyp;onpouJBOiJ:CTBa. PaseHCTBO scex nepep; 3aKOHOM.
Coio3 KH.113eif M.11 noMep:i1<aHu.11 cymeCTsyiomero crpo.11 HMnepuu.
IlpOTeCT npOTHB pedJopM lfocudia II B ABCTPHH u BeHrpuu.
,[(orosop B IlttJibHHue Me:lKp;y aBCTpHHCKHM HMnepaTOpOM JieonOJib)J;OM II H
KoponeM npyCCKHM <I>pup;puXOM-Bttm,reJibMOM OTHOCHTeJihHO cf>paHuY3CKHX
p;en. Tpe60BaHu.11, npep;b.llBJieHHbie <l>paHutttt, JaKJIIO'laJIH s ce6e: npu3HaHue
KOHcruryuuu, npep;no:lKeHHoif Jliop;osu1<0M XVI B ttlOHe 1789r., so3spameHtte
ABHHhOHa nane tt B03Harpa:lKp;eHue repMaHCKHX nop;p;aHHhIX, nocrpap;asumx OT
OTMeHbI <Peop;aJibHbIX npas (asrycT).
MaHu<!>ecT repuora EpayHurneifrc1<oro I< <!>paHuy3CKOMy ttapop;y (ttlOJib).
B3HTtte JloHrsu (asrycr) u Bepp;etta (ceHrn6pb). Heyp;alJtta.11 araKa repuoroM
EpayHinseifrcKHM no3uuuif KennepMaHa npu BanbMH (20 cettrn6p.11). B3.11Ttte
lllneilepa <!>paHuy3aMH H HalJaJIO OTCTynneHH.11 npyccKHX BOHCK ( ceHT.116pb ).
B3HTtte BopMca, Bepp;etta, Mailttua u Jlottrstt <!>pattuyJaMtt tt oca):la HMH
<l>paHK<!>ypra-Ha-MailHe (OKT.116pb). 0KOHlJaTeJihHOe OTCTynneHtte npyccKHX
soilcK tt3 <l>paHutttt (0Kr.116pb). Cp;a'la <l>pattK<!>ypra-Ha-MailHe <!>pattuyJaM tt
o6parttoe JaHHTtte ero npyccI<ttMH soifc1<aMtt (tto.116pb).
repMaHH.11 BCTynuna B KOaJIHl(Hl:O C AHrneil, ronJiaH)J;HeH H J1cnaHtteH npOTHB
<l>paHl(HH. 3asoesaHHe MailHua npyccKttMH soilcKaMtt nocne L\OJiroil OCa):lbl
(uIOJib). Bropoil pa3p;en IloJiblIIH, no KOTopoMy K Ilpycc1rn npttcoe):lttHeHa BeJittKa.11
IlOJibllla ( HlOJlb).
Ilo6ep;b1 npycc1<ux soifcK B cpa:lKeHHH nptt Keil3epcnayrepHe B Mae u ceHT.116pe.
3aH.11Tue <!>paHuYJaMtt AxeHa tt KenbHa. B3.11Tue KpaKosa.
TpeTHH pa3;:\eJI IloJiblIIH, no KOTOpOMY K IlpyccHH OTOIIIJia cesepo-Jana;:\Ha.11 lJaCTb
c r. Bap1I1asoif (.11Hsapb).
Mttp B Ea3ene c <l>paHutteil. JleBhIH 6eper PeilHa npH3HaH ecTeCTBeHHOif rpaHuueif
<l>paHQHH. CesepHa.11 repMaHH.11 OT)J;eJieHa OT IO:lKHOH )J;eMapKauHOHHOH JIHHHeil H
o6b.llsJieHa HeHTpaJihHOH (5 anpen.11). Ilepenpasa <!>paHuYJOB '1epe3 PeilH tt JaH.11Tue
HMH ,[(IOCCeJib)J;Op<!>a ( ceHrn6ph). Ilopa:lKeHtte <l>paHl(YJOB B cpa:lKeHHH nptt
raH):llilyXcrettMe ( CeHT.116pb ).
B3.11Ttte MattreiiMa aBCTpHHl(aMH. Cpa:lKeHtte npH KpeiiuHaxe H B3.llTHe ero
<!>paHUYJaMtt (L1eKa6pb). B3.llTHe MaHreilMa BypM3epoM.
EttTBa nptt AnhTeHKttpxeHe (ttl:OHb). Ilepenpasa <!>pattuyJos qepe3 PeiiH, npu
Kene (Hl:OHb). Cpa:lKeHtte nptt PalIITap;Te H 3aH.llTHe lllTyTrapra (HIOJib ).
3a1<JI1:0lJett11e Mttpa c Ilpycctteii B Eepn11He (asrycT). 3aH.11Ttte EaMc6epra
<!>paHuyJaMtt, 6uTBa npu HepecxeilMe tt JaHHTtte HMH :lKe AM6epra (asrycT).
Ilo6eL1a aBCTpttilueB y Bmpu6ypra ( ceHT.116pb ). Cpa:lKeHue y Ett6epaxa
(OKT.116pb).
B3.llTHe Ken.11 aBCTpttiluaMtt (.11HBapb). Ilepenpasa <!>paHQYJOB '1epe3 PeilH, JaHHTtte
ttMH Ken.11 tt Ocf>cf>ett6ypra. IIepeMttptte Me)l():ly Ascrpueii tt <l>paHutteif (anpeJib).
0TKpbITtte KOHrpecca B PalIITa)J;Te M.ll paccMOTpeHtt.11 ycnosttif corna1I1ettu.11 Me:lKAY
<I>paHutteil H repMaHHeil (L1e1<a6pb). BcTynneHHe Ha npyccKHH npeCTOJI <l>pttp;pttxaBHJibreJihMa III.
Ilo6e):lbI aBCTpttiiueB npu Ocrpaxe H lIITOKKaxe (MapT). PocnycK KOHrpecca s
PaII1Ta):ITe. Hana):leHtte aBCTpttHCKHX rycap Ha npe;:\CTaBHTeneii <I>paHutttt (anpenh).
Cpa:lKeHHe npu <l>HJiunnc6ypre (p;eKa6pb).

498
1800

1801
1804
1805
1806

1807

1808
1809

1810
1812
1813

TieperrpaBa <PpaHU)'30B qepe3 PeiIH (arrpeJih). Cpa)l(emi:e rrptt 3HreHe, MecKttpxe H
litt6epaxe M 3am1Ttte Ayrc6ypra q,paHu)'3aMH (Mali); rropa)l(eHtte aBcTpttiiueB B
cpa)l(eHHH rrptt XoXlllTllJJ,Te H 3amnwe q,paHu)'3aMH MmHxeHa (moHh). Tiopa)l(eHtte
aBCTPHilUeB B Cpa)l(eHHH rrptt roreHJIHH)l;eHe H lllTeilepcKoe rrepeMttptte Me)l(AY
ABCTPtteil H <l>pattuweil.
JlJOHeBHJihCKHil MHP Me)l()l;Y aBCTPHilCKHM HMIIeparopoM H <l>paHutteil (cbeBPaJib).
ApeCT repuora 3ttmeHCKoro B lia,a:eHCKOM repuorCTBe q,paHu)'3aMtt.
3amnwe Ayrc6ypra H MmHxeHa q,paHu)'3aMH H rro6e,a:a wx rrpw 3JihKHHreHe Ha,a:
aBcTpttiluaMM. C,a:aqa aBCTPttilues B YJihMe (oKrn6pb).
Co103 c Tipyccweil, YCTYIIMBUieil <l>pattUMM AHcrrax, 3eMJIH rro Hlf)l(HeMy Te'IeHMJO PeilHa
H KlUDKeCTBO HeileH6ypr, B o6MeH Ha raHHOBep (MaPT). 06pa30BaHMe PeiIHCKOfO COJ03a
(MIOJib). OTPeqeHHe ABCTpHilCKOro HMrreparopa OT nnyJia repMaHCKOro HMIIeparopa
(aBryCT). 06MIBJieHHe BOilHhI <l>paHUMH Tipyccweil, Bhl3~oe rrpeHe6pe)l(MTeJibHhIM
OTHOUieHHeM K Heil HarrOJieoHa. Tio6e)l;b1 HarroJieoHa rrpw HeHe H A )'3purre.u:re. B3fil'He
3pq,ypm, cpa)l(eHHe IIpH raJIJie. 3aHJ1Ttte Jleiirru;Mra, IlOTC)l;aMa, liepJIHHa H illTeTIMHa.
Tiopa)l(eHMe H c,a:aqa rrpycaKoB rrptt TipeHUJIOBe (mm16ph). 3amrrne KJOCTpHHa, JlJ06eKa,
raM6ypra M Mar,a:e6ypra. YCTaHOBJieHHe KOHTHHeraJihOil CMCTeMbI (H0516pb). MttpHbIM
,a:oroBop c CaKCOHtteil (AeKa6ph).
Cpa)l(eHtte rrptt TipeiicHUI-3ilJiay (ii>eBpaJib). 3aHHTHe ,ll,aHUttra (Mail). Tiopa)l(eHtte
pyccKHX rrptt <l>pttAJiaH,a:e. 3aHHTHe KeHttrc6epra. CB11,a:aHMe B TttJih3HTe c
HMIIeparopoM AJieKCaH,LlpOM I (HJOHh). MttpHhIM ,a:oroBop c Pocctteil H Tipycctteil B
THJih3HTe. TipyccttH yCTyrrttJia <l>paHUHH Bee 3eMJIH Me)l(Jl:y 3nb6oil H PeilHOM,
oTKa3anacb OT o6JiacTeil, OTOUie,a:UIHX OT TIOJibUIH, Ha'IHHaH c I 772 ro,a:a, rrptt3HaJia
KOpOJIH CaKCOHCKoro repuoroM BapUiaBCKHM H yrrJiaTHJia 150 MHJIJIHOHOB
KOHTPH6YUHH (HIOJib). 06pa30BaHHe BecT<baJihCKOro KOPOJieBCTBa (,a:eKa6pb).
KottBeHUHH c <l>paHu;tteiI B Tiaptt)l(e. «3PQlYPTCKoe CBH,a:aHtte» (cettni:6pb).
Tio6e,a:hI qipaHU)'30B Ha,a: aBCTpttiIUaMH B cpa)l(eHHHX rrptt A6eHc6epre, 3KMJOJie,
PereHc6ypre. BoccTaHtte rrpyccaKoB IIOA KOMaHAOBaHHeM illHJIH IIpOTHB
q,paHU)'30B (arrpeJih). Tiopa)l(eHHe BOCCTaBUIHX rrpyccKHX BOilCK rrpH illTPaJib3yttAe
M rrpeKpameHMe BOJIHeHHM.
3axeaT CeBepo-3arra,a:Hoil repMaHHH (0Jih)l;eH6ypra, raM6ypra, lipeMeHa, JI106eKa
H o6JiaCTH Me)l(AY PeilHOM H 3Jih6oil) HarroJieOHOM.
,ll,oroBop c <l>paHutteif B Tiaptt)l(e (ii>eBpaJib). BCTyIIJieHHe rrpyccKHX BoilcK B
Poccttm (HIOHb). reHepan HopK 3aKJIJO'IHJI B TayporeHe KOHBeHD;HIO 0
HeilTPaJIHTeTe rrpyccKHx BOilCK (AeKa6pb).
Tipmbm Tipyccweif K BoeHHoil CJI~6e Bcex crroco6HbIX HOCIITh op~He. CoJ03 c Pocctteil
B KanHUie rrpoTHB <l>pattUHH (<l>espanh). MaHmpeCT <l>pttApHXa-BHJibrenhMa III K CBoeMy
Hapo;:zy H BOilCKY. 3aHHTHe raM6ypra H ,l]pe3,a:eHa pyccKo-rrpyccKHMH BOMCKaMH (MapT).
Tiopa)l(eHtte QlpaHU)'30B rrpH MeI<epHe pyccKo-rrpyccKHMH BoiicKaMH (arrpenb).
TIOpa)l(eHHe COI03HHKOB IIpH JlJOu;eHe H DayrrJeHe q,paHU)'3aMH H 3aHfil'He HMM raM6ypra
(Mail). llleCTHHe,a:eJihHoe rrepeMttpHe 3aKJIJO'IeHo B TioiIUIBHUe (MIOHb). KoHrpecc B Tipare
H IIOIIhITKa ABCTpHH CBOHM rrocpe,a:HH'IeCTBOM KOH'IIITh BOMtty (MIOJib). 06hHBJieHMe
BOHHhI AsCTptteiI <l>paHu;HM. Tio6e,a:a q,paHU)'30B rrptt ,ll,pe3,a:ette; nopa)l(em1e BaH,a:aMMa
OT aBCTp«iicKo-pyccKMX BOMCK y KyJihMa, a MaKAOHaJihM OT pyccKHX 11 npyccKHx BOMCK
y Kau6axa (aBryCT). 3aKJIJO'IeHMe COJ03a B TeIIJIMUe Me)l()ly PocctteiI, TipycmeiI H
ABCTptteiI rrpOTHB <l>paHUlfM. Tiopa)l(eHHe He» y ,ll,eHHeBHUa (ceHrn6pb). Haqano pacrra,a:a
PeiIHcKoro co103a, o6Hap~HBUieecH nepexo,a:oM liaeaptttt Ha cropotty COJ03HHKOB.
TpeX,a:HeBHM 6HTBa (16,18 H 19) y Jieiirruwra H O'IHIUeHtte ero QlpaHU)'3aMtt. Tiopa)l(eHtte
aBCTpo-6aeapcKMX BOMCK npH rattay (oKTH6pb). C,a:aqa QlpaHU)'3aMM ,ll,pe3,a:eHa M
lllTeTIMHa B HOH6pe, JIJ06eKa H ,ll,aHUttra B ,a:eKa6pe. Brop)l(eHHe COI03HHKOB BO
<l>paHUHJO.

499
1813

TiopmKeHHe HanoneoHa npw EpweHHe (.irnsapb). Or1<pb1rne 3ace,n:aHHH KoHrpecca
Me)l(.LIY Poccweii, Ascrptteii, AHrnweii, <l>paHQHeii H Tipyccweii B lllaTHJJboHe.
Tiopa){(eHHe coI03HHKOB npw MoHMHpaiiJJe H MoHTepo H cppaHQY30B npw KpaoHe,
JiaoHe, Apcw-c10p-06e H <l>ep-lllaMneHya3e. 83.sirne MoHMapTPa H 3aH.siTHe
TiapH)l(a COl03HHKaMH (MapT). TiapmKCKHH MHp c <l>paHQHeH (Maii). OTKpbITIIe
BeHCKoro KOHrpecca (Ho.si6pb).

1814

TiepBbIH TiapmKCKHH MHp COI03HbIX ,n:ep)l(aB (PoccH.si, AHrnw.si, Ascrpw.si, Tipyccw.si)
c <l>paHQHeH (Maii 30).
Bb1ca,n:1<a HanoneoHa I Bo <l>paHQHH (MapT). Tiopa)l(eHHe npyccKHX soiicK npw
JlHHbH OT cppaHQY30B H HanoneoHa npw BaTepnoo OT aHrno-npyccKHX soiicK.
3aKpbnHe BeHcKoro KOHrpecca, IIOCTaHOBHBIIIero OT,LlaTb TipyccHH IIOJJOBHHY
CaKcOHHH, TioMepaHHIO, Tio3HaHb H TipwpeHHCKHe o6JJaCTH H yqpe,U:HTb
fepMaHCKHH COI03 H3 34 rocy,1:1apeii H 4 BOJlbHbIX ropo,n:oB IIO,LI npe,n:ce,n:aTeJJbCTBOM
AscrpHH (HIOHb).BTOpwrnoe 3aH.siTHe TiapH*a coI03HHKaMH (HIOJJb). 3aKJJIO'leHHe
Cs.siIQeHHOro coI03a.
BTOpoii TiapmKCKHH MHp, no KOTOpOMY <l>paHQH.11 BepHyJJaCb K rpaHHQaM 1790
ro,n:a.
AxeHCKHH KOHrpecc, Ha KOTOpOM BeJJHKHe ,n:ep){(aBbl IlOCTaHOBHJJH OT03BaTb CBOH
BOHCKa H3 <l>paHQHH.
Kapn MapKC. )!{w3Hb H ,n:e.sireJJbHOCTb.
Kapnc6a,n:cKwe rrocTaHOBJJeHH.si, Bbl3BaHHble y6HHCTBOM pyccKoro rrocnattHHKa
KoQe6y B MaHreiiMe (MapT). 3anpemeHHe YHHBepCHTeTCKHX TOBapwmecKHX
COI030B, ycTaHOBJJeHHe Ha,n: YffHBepCHTeTaMH rrpaBHTeJJbCTBeHHOro Ha,U:3opa, Ha see
HaJJO)l(eHa
o6.si3aHHOCTb
IIO,Ll'IHH.s!TbC.11
IlOCTaHOBJJeHH.s!M
npaBHTeJJbCTBa
Cs.simeH1-(0ro COI03a ( ceHT.si6pb ).
BeHCKHH ,n:onoJJHHTeJJbHbIH aKT, crpeMHBIIIHiic.si rro,n:aBHTb ,n:eMOKpaTH4eCKHH ,n:yx B
IOJKHorepMaHCKHX rocy,1:1apcTBax. BTopoii KOHrpecc Cs.simettttoro cm03a B Tporrnay
(CHJie3H.s!).
Tpernii KOHrpecc Cs.simettHoro co103a B Jlaii6axe (JII06n.sitta).
)!{mttb H ,n:e.siTeJJbHOCTb <l>ep,n:wttaH,n:a Jlaccan.si.
)!{mttb H ,n:e.siTeJJbHOCTb BHJJbreJJbMa Jlw6Kttexrn.
BoccTaHH.si B fattHosepe H CaKCOHHH. Bse,n:eHHe JJH6epaJJbHbIX KOHCTHTYQHH.
1-hrnaHHe B EpaYffIIIBeiire repQora Kapna, H npwtt.sirne npasJJeHH.si ero 6paTOM
BHJJbreJJbMOM.
B Ea,n:ette, B10pTeM6epre H EasapHH nw6epanb1 rronyqHJJH rrepesec H ttaCTaHBaJJH
Ha pedJopMax rocy,u:apcTBeHHoro YCTJJOHCTBa.
TionhITKa H pa3rott nocpe,n:cTBOM <«ppaHKcpypTCKOro BMeIIIaTeJJbCTBa>> COI03HOrO
(3
06pa30BattHe
ceiiMa
H
HaCHJlbCTBeHHOro
nepesoporn
anpen.si).
o6merepMaHCKOfO TaMO)!(eHHOfO COI03a.
OcHosattHe o6meCTsa «Mono,n:a.si fepMaHH.si».
06pa3oBaHHe «COI03a cnpase,U:JJHBbIX» B fepMaHHH.
AeKpeTbI o ,n:e3aMopTH3aQHH (16 H 19 <!Jespan.si, 8 MapTa).
fattttosepcKa.si Kopotta nepeIIIJJa K repQory KyM6epneH,LICKOMy, 3pttcry-AsrycTy.
0TMeHa KOHCTHTYQHH 1830 ro,n:a H BOCCTaHOBJJeHHe npe)l(Hero rocy,n:apcTBeHHOfO
ycTpoiicTBa.
KoH'IHHa <l>pw,1:1pwxa-BHJJbreJJhMa III Tipycc1<oro H scTyrmeHHe Ha npecTOJJ ero
CbIHa <l>pw,n:pnxa-BHJJbreJJbMa IV.
Co3bIB <l>pw,n:pwxoM-BHJJbreJJbMOM IV coe,n:HHeHHbIX cocnoswii Ha ceiiM B EepJJHHe.

1815

1818
1818-1883
1819

1820

1821
1825 - 1864
1826 -1900
1830

1831
1833

1834
1836
1837

1840
1847

500
1848

1848

1849

1850

1851

1858
1859
1861
1862
1863

IlpaBlt:TeJlbCTBO Bb1pa31t:JI0 cornac1t:e Ha TJ)e60BaH1t:e pe$opMbI B repMaHcKOM
COI03e. Hapo.n; nOTJ)e6oBan y.n;aneHmI BOUCK If o6pa30BaHHH HauHOHaJibHOH
rsapj11t:1t:. 18 1t: 19 MapTa Ha yn1t:uax Jiepn1t:Ha npoum1t: 601t:. 19 MapTa Koponb
y.n;osneTBopIDI Tpe6oBaHHH Hapo.n;a If o6DHBIDI aMHlt:CTHIO 3a non1t:TlfqecK1t:e
npecryilJleHlt:H. 21 MaPTa KOpOJib o6'bHBIDI 0 CBoeM HaMepeHlt:lt: CTaTb BO rnase
e,n;HHOH If CBOOO,!l;HOH repM3Hlt:lt:, B KaqeCTBe KOHCTHTYuHOHHOro rocy.n;apjJ.
BonHeHHH B Jiasap1t:1t:. Koponb nio.n;s1t:r OTJ)eKCH OT npecrona B nOJib3Y
MaKc1t:MIDI1t:aHa. PeBoniou1t:OHHble 1t: arpapHb1e 6ecnopHAKH B 6onblrreil: qacr1t:
repMaHHlt:. Ilpe,n;BapHTeJibHblH napnaMeHT, COCTaBJieHHbIH pa.n;HKaJiaMH BO
<l>paHK$ypTe-Ha-Mail:He, npOB03rJiaCHJI np1t:Hu1t:n Hapo.n;Horo caMo.n;ep)f(aBHH
(anpenb). Ilepsoe 3ace.n;aH1t:e Hau1t:OHaJibHoro co6paH1t:H no pa3pa6oTKe HOBoro
rocy.n;apCTBeHHOro YCTPOHCTBa (18 MM).
l136paH1t:e HaUHOHaJibHbIM co6paHHeM 6e3crrBeTCTBeHHoro pereHTa, 3purepuora HoaHHa
AscrpJfil:cKoro, OKp~eHHoro arnerCTBeHHbIM M1t:HHcrepCTBoM (29 Jf!OAA). Hey,n;aqHoe
BMeIIIaTeJibCTBO repMaHMH B 00pb6y lilrie3BHra H roJIIIlTHHMH C jJµ,HHefi. flepeMHplt:e B
ManbMe, yTBep)f(,!l;eHO HaQHOHaJibHbIM co6paHHeM (26 asrycra). IloilbITKa repMaHCKHX
pecny6JIHKaHQeB pa30rHaTb co6pattHe. y Ka3 KopoM 9 HOjJ6pH o6 OTCpoqKe IlpyccKoro
HaQHOHaJibHOro co6paHHH If o6 OTKpbITHlt: ero CJie.ll)'IOI11ero 3aCe,D;aHHH 27 HOH6pH B
lipaHAeH6ypre. Bse.n;eH1t:e BoeHHoro nOJIO)f(eHHH B JiepnHHe (10 HOH6pH). PocnycK
HaQHOHaJibHOro co6paHHH (5 )l,eKa6pjJ),
Pesoniou1t:OHHOe BbICTyilJleH1t:e B Jia.n;eHe (27 <t>espanH-1 Maprn).
Pe30JIIOUHH <l>pattK$YPTCKOro HaQHoHaJibHOro co6paHHH o npe)l.OCTaBJieH1t:1t: <l>pH)l.pffXY
BHJibreJibMY Hacne.n;CTBeHHOro 1t:MnepampcKoro AOCTOHHCTBa, 1t: a)l.pec npyCCKOro
co6paHHH COCJIOBHH, B KO'IOpoM np1t:Hj!THe KOpOJieM HMnepampcKOro )l.OCTOlt:HCTBa If
ymep)f(,!l;eHHe repMaHCKOro KOHC'fHTYUHOHHOro CTpOH npe)l.C'IaBJIMOCb KaK )f(eJiaHHe BCeil:
HaUHH (27 anpenH), arnepmym KOpOJieM. PocnycK BTOpoii, OTCpoqKa Jace,n;aHJfil: nepsoii
KaMepbI 1t: sse.n;eH1t:e no)l.aTHOro H36HpaTeJlbHOro ueH3a. BOJIHeHHH no Bcefi repMaHMH 3a
BBe)l,eHHe KOHC'fHTYUHOHHbIX nopH,!l;KOB, nepeXO)l.HBWHe MecraMH B BOCC'IaHHH. BoeHHblH
6ym B PllillTil,llJ'e. Pa3BHTHe peBOJilOUHOHHoro .D;BH)f(eHHH,no)l.aBJieHue npyccKHMH
BOHCKaMH, B<»KaKH paccrpeJij(ffbJ, nonbITKa Ilpycc1t:H, CaKCOHHlt: If raHHoBepa BBecTH
HOBoe rocy.n;apCTBeHHoe ycrpofiCTBO Ha OCHOBaHHH <l>paHK<l>YPTCKHX nocraHOBJieHJfil: He
y.n;anacb H3-3a npo1t:cKoB ABC1P1t:1t:.
BoccTaH1t:e B lllne3B1t:re If roJIWTlt:Hlt:lt: npOTHB )l,a~aH. KoH$n1t:KT H3-3a
KyprecceHa Me)f(,!l;y ABcTJ)neii u Ilpycc1t:eii. Ha .n;pe3)l.eHCKHX KOH$epeHu1t:HX,
BCJie)l,CTBHe nposana opraH1t:3aQ1t:lt: repMaHCKOro COI03a Ha HOBb!X Haqanax peweHO
BOCCTaHOBHTb COI03Hb!H ceiiM.
IlPHHHTa aHTH)].eMOKpaTHqecKaH KOHCTlt:TYult:H B Ilpycc1t:1t: (31 HHBapH).
Bsimy 33jJBJI eHHjJ ABCTpHeii H Ilpycc1t:eii oT n1t:ua repMaHCKOro COI03a 0
npeKpaI11eHHH lllJie3Blt:rOM H ronhWTlt:HHefi BOHHbl C ,l],aHHeH, WTaTraJibTepbl
pacnyCTHJllt: apM!t:IO H CJIO)f(IDJH CBOH nOJIHOMQqffj(,
BcneJJ,CTBHe 6one3HH <l>pH)l.puxa-BHJibreJibMa IV pereHTOM Ha3HaqeH ero 6paT
BHJibreJibM.
06p33osaH1t:e HeMeuKoro HauHOHaJibHoro coio3a (16 ceHTH6pH).
KoHqnHa <l>pH.n;pHxa-BHJibrenbMa IV u BCTyilJieHHe Ha npecToJI BHJibreJI&Ma I.
Q6pa30BaH1t:e napTit:H nporpeCClt:CTOB B repMaHHH (it:!OHb).
Ha3Haqemt:e liHcMapKa Ha nocr MHHHCTJ>-npe3H)l.eHTa.
Cne3)l. repMaHCKHX rocy)l.apeii .lJ.JUI o6c~eHHH npo6neM repMaHCKOro COI03a.
IlpyccKo-pyccKM KOHBeHQHH 0 COBMecTHOM no.n;asneH1t:1t: BOCC'IaHHH B IlOJibwe
($eBpanb).
OcH0Batt1t:e Bceo6I11ero repMaHCKoro pa6oqero coio3a Bo rnase c <l>JlaccaneM (23 MM).

I

501
1864

1865
1866

1867

1869
1870

BoiiHa ABcrpim H IlpyCCHH c .lJ.aHHeH 3a lllne3BHr H roJilllTHHHIO. B3HTHe
npyccKHMH BOHCKaMH .lJ.!OnnerrbCKHX YKPenrreHHH (anperrb). IlepenpaBa Ha ocrpoB
AJib3eH npyccKHX BOHCK (HIOHb)JKeHeBcKan KOHBeHuHn. MHp c .lJ.aHHeii. 3aHHTHe
lllne3BHra H roJilllTHHHH CMelllaHHblM KOpnycOM aBCTPO-npycCKHX BOHCK
(oKTn6pb).
no ralllTeHHCKOMY AOfOBopy ABC'IpHH 3aHHJia rorrlllTHHHIO, a IlpyccHH lllne3BHr
(aBryCT).
IlpycCHH npetI;oHBHJia ~paHK~YPTCKOMY ceiiMy Tpe6oBaHHe 0 pe~opMax B
repMaHCKOM COI03e (9 anperrn). BBH.LIY HX HeHCilOJIHeHHH IlpyCCHH 15 HIOHH
Il0Tpe6oBarra OT CaKCOHHH, raHHOBepa H KyprecceHa nepeBoti:a BOHCK Ha
MHpHoe
IlOJIOlKeHHe
H
npHHHTHH
npyccKOH
peti:aKUHH
npoeKTa
rocy,napCTBeHHOro ycTpOHCTBa. IlpyccKHe BOHCKa 16 HIOHH nepelllJIH
caKcoHCKYIO rpaHHuy, qTo nocrryJKHJIO noBoti:oM K ABcTpo-IlpyccKoii BOHHe.
3aHHTHe raHHOBepa H KyprecceHa (16-18 HIOHH). 3aHHTHe .lJ.pe3tI;eHa
npyccKHMH BOHCKaMH (19). Ilepexo.n npyccKHX BOHCK qepe3 aBCTpHHCKYIO
rpaHHLIY (23). Heyti:aqHblH AJIH npyccKHX BOHCK 6oii npH JlaHreH3aJibl.le (27).
KanHTYJIHLIHH raHHOBepcKHX BOHCK npH JlaHreH3aJibue (29). IlopaJKeHHe
aBcTpttiiueB npH KeHttrpeue (3 HIOJIH). 3aHHTHe Ilparn (8 HIOJIH). IlopaJKeHHe
6aBapueB npH KHCHHreHe (10 HIOJIH). 3aHHTHe Ep!OHa (12 HIOrrn),
<l>paHK~ypTa (16 HIOJIH). IlepeMHpHe B HHKOJibc6ypre c ABcTpHeH (26 HIOJIH).
3aHHTHe HIOpH6epra (31 HIOJIH). IlepeMHpHe IlpyccHH c Iia,neHOM H IiaBapneii
(2 aBrycTa). IlpalKCKHH MHp MelK.LIY ABcTpHeH H Ilpycctteii. AscTpHH BbllllJia
H3 COCTaBa repMaHCKOro COI03a, rereMOHHH B KOTOpOM nepelllJia K IlpyccHH.
raHHOBep, Haccay, lllneJBHr, roJIIIITHHHH H HeKOTOpbie MeJIKHe rocy,napcTBa
npHcoeti:HHeHbI K IlpyccHH. AscTpHH ynrraTHJia 200 MJIH. Tarrepos
KOHTpH6yuHH.
Ilepsoe Jaceti:aHHe Cesepo-repMaHCKOro peiiXCTara B EepJIHHe. rpa~ OTTO
nHcMapK cTarr ColOJHbIM KaHurrepoM. Jl10KCeM6yprcKHH HHLIH.LleHT MelKAY
<l>paHutteii H AscTpHeii. JloHAOHcKaH KOH~epeHuHH nocTaHOBHrra o6oHBHTb
1IIOKCeM6ypr He3aBHCHMbIM H Bb!BeCTH H3 ero npyccKHe BOHCKa.
06pa30BaHHe repMaHCKOH COLIHaJI-tI;eMOKpamqecKOH {3ii3eHaXCKOH) pa6oqefi
napTHH.
Haqarracb <l>paHL1Y3CKaH BOHHa, IlOBOAOM K KOTOpoii IlOCJIYlKHJIO HecomaCHe
HanorreoHa III Ha KaHAH)l;aTypy JieonOJibtI;a roreHuOJIJiepHCKOrO Ha HCilaHCKHH
npeCTOJI.
Ilo6e,na npyccKoii apMHH Hati: ~paHL1Y3CKOH y Ce,naHa (2 ceHTH6pH).
3aHHTHe Caap6p10KeHa ~paHuyJaMH (2 asrycTa). IlopaJKeHtte .lJ.y3 npH
Beiiccett6ypre H MaK-MaroHa npH BepTe (6 asrycTa). IlopalKeHtte ~paHuyJoB
nptt lllm1xepHe. CpalKeHHe npH Mapc Jla Type (BHoHBHJie ). IlopaJKeHHe
Ea3eHa npH rpaBeJioTe (C.IlpHBa) H DOMOHe, Hey,naqHaH IlOilbITKa Iipa3eHa
npopBaTbCH qepe3 HyaJBHJIJib (asrycT). Ettrna no,n Ce,naHOM H c,naqa ero
npyccKHM soiicKaM (2). 83HTHe B nrreH HanorreoHa III, MaK-MaroHa, H OKOJIO
85 TbIC. corrti:aT ~paHLIY3CKOH apMHH. KanttTyrrnuHn CTpac6ypra (ceHTH6pb).
3aHHTHe OprreaHa. Haqarro oca,nb1 Ilapm1rn (21 OKTH6pn). KanttTyrrnuHn Meua
H 3aHHTHe .lJ.HlKOHa npyccKHMH BOHCKaMH (OKTH6pb). IlopalKeHHe ~paHLIY30B
npyccKHMH soiicKaMH nptt KyrrbMbe H ocso6olK,neHHe HMH OprreaHa. 3aHHTHe
npyccKHMH soiicKaMH AMbeHa, nopalKeHHe ~paHuyJoB nptt EoH Jle PorraH,ne
(Hon6pb ), JiyaHbe-IlynpH, OprreaHe H 3aHHTHe ero HMH. Ilo6e,na nptt
EoJKaHcH.

502
1871

1873
1878

1879

1882
1882
1884
1884

1885

1886
1887
1888
1888-1890
1889
1890

1891

1894
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901

II06e,11,b1 npyccKHX BOUCK npH Ile Malicee H IlmeHe. 06be)],HHeHtte fepMaHHH no.n
BJiaCTblO IlpyccKoro KOpOmI, IIOJIY'IHBUiero THTYJI HMnepampa fepMaHCKOfO (18
.11HBap.11). Ilo6e.na npyccKHX BOUCKOB nptt C.-KaHTeHe, c,11,aqa Ilapm1<a (28 .llHBap.11).
C,11,aqa apMHH Eyp6aKH UIBeuQapQaM (1-3 cpeBpan.11). Ila,11,eHtte Eenbcpopa.
IlpeJIHMHHapHblU )],OfOBOp B Bepcane, IIO KOTOpOMY <l>paHQH.11 06.113anach ynnaTHTb
fepMaHHH 5 MHJIJIHap,11,0B cppaHKOB H YCTYIIHTh 3Jih3ac H IlornpttHmID (26
cpeBpan.11). BcTynneHHe B Ilapm1< npyccKHX BOUCK (1 MapTa). Mttp c <l>paHQtteu BO
<l>paHKcpypTe-Ha-MauHe (10 mom1). IlpoBo3rnarneHtte B Bepcane fepMaHCKou
HMilepHH (18 .llHBap.11). Ilapm1<cKa.11 KoMMYHa (18 MapTa-28 Ma.II). IlpHH.llTHe
KoHCTHTYQHH repMaHCKOH HMnepHH (16 anpen.11). KaHQJiepcTBo O.EttcMapKa
(1871-1890).
QqmQeHHe IIPVCCKHMH BOHCKaMH d>PaHQV3CKOU TePPHTOPHH ( CeHT.116pb).
3aKOH npoTHB COIJ,HaJI-JJ,eMOKpaTOB, Bhl3BaHHbIU IIOKyrneHH.llMH Ha )1(113Hb
HMnepaTopa Bttm,reJibMa. EepnHHCKRu KOHrpecc, H3MeHHBlIIHH s ymep6 PoccHH
ycnosll.11 CaH-CTecpaHcKoro MHpa.
Hosb1u o6IQeHMnepcKttu TaMo)l(eHHhIH Tapttcp. 06IQenMnepcKtte cy.ne6H&1e ycrns&1.
Y qpe)i(.neHue BepxosHoro HMnepaTopcKoro cy.na B IleiinQure. 3aKJI10qeHue
HaCTynaTeJihHo-o6opoHHTen&Horo COl03a Me)l(JJ,y fepMaH11eu u AscTpo-BeHrpueii.
Ilpeo6pa3oBaHHe )],BOUCTBeHHOro COI03a B TpoUCTBeHHblU 6naro,11,ap.11 BCTyIIJieHHIO
B Hero l1TaJIHH (20 Ma.II).
IlpHH.llTHe 3aKoHa o CTPaXoBaHHH pa6oqttx Ha cnyqau 6one3HH.
IlpHH.llTUe 3aKOHa 0 CTpaXoBaHHH pa6oqHX OT HecqaCTHhlX cnyqaeB.
Eeper BepxHeu fBHHeH, ycT&e Hmepa, AHrpa-TieKBeHa H .np. 06b.11sneH&1
Haxo,11,.11IQHMHC.ll no.n npOTeKTopaTOM fepMaHHH. Toro 11 KaMepYH 06b.11BneH&1
KOJIOHH.llMH fepMaHUH.
PacnpocTpaHeHtte npOTeKTOpaTa Ha)], qaCThlO 3aH3tt6apa, Hoaou fBHHeH,
apXMnenaroM EttcMapKa JI MaprnannhCKHMH OCTPOBaMH. 06pa3osaHHe KOJIOHHH
«fepMaHcKa.11 BoCToqHa.11 AdJPHKa».
3aKOH o nepeceneHHH HeMQeB B Ilo3HaH& JI BoCToqHYID Ilpyccmo.
Me)l()],y Pocctteu ll fepMaHtteu
cornarneHHe
CeKpernoe
.noroaop
«nepecTpaxoBKH».
Ilocne KOHqHH&I BHJI&ren&Ma I BenHKoro Ha npeCTOJI BCTyIIHJI ero c&rn <l>pH,!1,pttx
III, a nocne cMepTH <l>ptt,11,pttxa III, (15 HIOH.11) BHJI&ren&M II.
BoccTaHtte Ty3eMu,ea B acppttKaHcKHX KOJIOHH.llX.
)l,oroBop c AHrntteu H Coe,11,ttHeHH&IMH lllTaTaMH o CaH,11,BttqeB&IX OCTpOBax.
IlpHH.llTHe 3aKOHa 0 CTpaXoBaHHH pa6oqttx OT Hecnoco6HOCTH K Tpy.ny.
)l,oroBop c Amntteu 0 BoCToqHou AcppHKe. IlpHCOe)],HHeHHe [ eJihfOJiaH)],a.
EepnHHCKa.11 KOHcpepeHu,H.11 no pa6oqeMy Bonpocy. OTcTaBKa EttcMapKa (20 MapTa).
IloCT ero 3aH.llJI rpacf> KanpttBH.
ToproB&Ie .noroBopa c ABCTpHeu, lfrantteu H Eenhmeu. 06pa3oBaHHe Bceo6IQero
HeMeUKOfO COI03a c (1894r. - IlaHrepMaHCKHU COI03). IlpHH.llTHe COQHaJI,11,eMOKpaTHqecKOU napmeu fepMaHHH 3pcpypTCKOU nporpaMMbl.
OTCTaBKa rpacpa KanpttBH (oKrn6p&), ero nocT 3aHAA KH.113& foreHJI03.
3aH.llTHe Kttao-qay (Kttao-qao).
KoHqHHa EttcMapKa (10 HIOJI.11).
IloKynKa MapttaHCKHX, KapoJIHHCKHX H IlanaycKHX OCTPOBOB y l1cnaHHH.
BoccTaHtte «EonhIIIHX KynaKOB» B KHTae. 0TcTaBKa foreHJI03, ero IIOCT 3aH.llJI
DIOJIOB.
'
y CMHpeHHe BOCCTaHH.11. KHTaU B TeqeHHe 39 JleT 06.113anc.11 BbIIIJiaTHTb
1350 MHJIJI. MapoK.

503
1902
1903
1904
1914
1914

Bae.!l,eH HOBhIH TaMOJKeHHhIH mpmp.
BoccTam1e Ty3eMQeB B adiPHKaHCKHX KOJIOHHRX.
0TMeHa 3aKOHa rrpOTHB He3yHTOB.
Y6HHCTBO B Capaeao aBCTPHHCKOro HaCJie)J,HHKa 3p1.1rep1.1ora <l>patt1.1a<l>ep.!1,HHaH.!l,a. Haqano 1-w MHpoaoi% BOHHhI.
06oRBJieHHe r epMaHHeH BOHHhl Poccm1 (I aBrycTa). 06oRBJieHHe repMaHHeH
BOHHhI <l>paHQHH (3 aarycm). BrnpJKeHHe repMaHCKHx BOHCK B JieJihflfIO ( 4
aBrycTa). 06oRBJieHHe AHrntteH BOHHbl repMaHHH (4 aBrycTa)

IlEPEqEHh MJIJIIOCTPAI.{Mti
Hoaoe apeM.H 3
<Dpn.n;pnx BH.11bre.11bM IIpycc1rnrr 7
A. Mett11,eJib. «Crnpb1ii: <Dpn11,1> 9
I1ocmp BTopoii:. fpaBiopa Ha Me.n;n 10
f. Jioccoa. «Kaea lI rry.n;pai>
13
<DpH.!1,pHx BttJibreJibM III 15
<D. Ktta6. «Ca.n; B CTR.lie poKOKOi>
19
f. JlocCOB. «DIOprepCK<l.H rrapa B KOCTIOMaX 3IIOXH pOKOKOi> 20
KayttH11, 22
Jieorro.11h.n; I fepMaHcKHii: 23
I1MrrepaTpH11,a Mapirn Tepe3H.H. fpaaropa Ha MeAH 25
f. JioccOB. «Metty3T B 3J10XY pOKOKOi> 27
f. JiocCOB. «ilacTOpa.llbi> 32
A. MeHIJ,eJib. «3acTOJibe <Dp1mpwxa Be.11HKoro1>
34
Eece)J,a rrarrhr IIH.H VI c aacTpwii:cKHM HMrrepaTopoM I1ocw¢oM II.
C rpaBIOpbr XVIII aeKa 35
JieH6ttHIJ, 36
<Dprr.!1,prrx II IIpyccKHH 37
A. MettIJ,eJib. «B rn6aqfIOH KOJIJierntt <Dprr.!1,pHxa BttJibreJibMa IIepaoroi>
AarycT II CHJibHbiii: 44
f.3. JleCClIHf. fpaBIOpa Ha Me)J,lI 55
Horr¢ II PHMcKo-fepMattcKHH 57
r. oettqyp. «Mo11,apT H lIMrrepaTOp lfocrr¢ II» 59
3. XapTMattH. «feJIJiepn
71
r. Illrrattrett6epr. «lliy6apT B Acrrepre1> 75
<D. <DpH.!1,pHx «3aKJIHHaHHe .n;yxoB B ZJ:pe3.!l,ettei> 80
)K03e¢ oaJih3aMo
81
Ilana PHMCKlIH KJirrMeHT XIV 83
3. MlIMIII. «IIecTa.11011,11,H cpe.n;H cHpoT HH)J,BaJib)J,etta (17989r.)i>
88
f. <!>paHIJ,. «JloTTa ¢ott Jlattrc¢eJib)J,1> 89
3. MHMIII. «feTe lI <Dpe.n;epHKa EpHOHi> 90
f. <!>paHIJ,. «JloTTa ¢ott lliTaHHi> 91
r. <DpaHIJ,. «JlOTTa ¢ott Ka.11b61> 93
3. XapTMaHH. «feTei> 93
f. <DpaHIJ,. «Po.n;HOH )J,OM llirr.11.1repa» 94

41

504
f. <DpaHIJ,. «POAHOM AOM feTe» 95
Bn;:i: EepJIHHCKoro YHHBepcHTeTa
102
BttHKeJibMaH 104
3. MHMllI. d1ecTaJIOU.U.H»
105
KM. BiwaH;:i:. CrnpHHHaR rpaBiopa Ha Me;:i:n 106
l1MMaHyHJI KaHT. CTapHHHaR rpaBiopa Ha Me;:i:n 110
K.JlHxTeH6epr
112
3. XapTMaHH. «fep;:i:ep» 113
f.A. Eroprep. CTapHHHaR rpaBropa Ha Me;:i:n 114
11.f <Docc. CTapHHHaR rpaBropa Ha Me;:i:n 116
B. <Dpn;:i:pnx. «OcHoBattne reTTHttreHcKoro co;:i:py:>Kecrna rroaTOB «Pmu.a»»
3. KJIHMllI. «MaTh feTe H MaTb llIHJIJiepa» 119
3. XapTMaHH. «lliHJIJiep» 123
3. XapTMaHH. «feTe» 123
EapTOJibA feopr Hn6yp. CTapHHHaR rpaBropa Ha Me;:i:n 125
3. XapTMaHH. «fall:;:i:H» 127
3. XapTMaHH. «fJIIOK» 127
3. XapTMaHH. «Mou.apn 128
3. XapTMatttt. «neTxoBett»
128
<DnxTe 131
)KaH-IlOJib PnxTep 131
J1eorroJIM I fepMaHCKHH
133
3eMMHU. 138
IlpHHU. EBreHHM 142
r. <DpaHIJ,. «IlaMJITHHK <Dpn;:i:pnxy BrnpoMy pa6oTbI Payxa» 144
r. <DpaHIJ,. «IlaMJITHHK feTe H lliHJIJieppy B Bell:Mape» 148
llieJIJIHHr 156
J1. TMK 157
HoBaJIHc 158
K. EpeHTatto 160
3pttecT Teo;:i:op A. foqmatt
161
r. <DpattIJ,. «KopoJieBa J1yH3a H HarroJieOH B THJib3HTe» 165
fettpu:x <Pott K.Jiell:cT 166
f. <DpattIJ,. «KopoJieBa J1yH3a»
166
3. XapTMatttt. «EapOH ¢oil llITeMH» 167
B. <Dpu:;:i:pu:x. «PaccTpeJI IlaJibMa» 168
<D. Jle¢perrep. «Att;:i:peac Xo¢ep tta l13eJib6epre»
170
3. XrottTett. «nJiroxep crrellIHT B BaTepJioo» 171
EJiroxep. fpaBropa Ha Me;:i:u: 172
MeTTepHrrx
174
B. <Dpu:;:i:pu:x. «11pa3AHHK 6yplllell: B BapT6ypre» 182
llIJieepMaxep 183
3. XapTMaHH. «J1eorroJIM PaHKe» 184
3. XapTMaHH. «fepBHttyc» 184
AJieKCatt;:i:p fyM60JibAT
185
Teo;:i:op MoMM3eH
187
3. XapTMaHH. «J1IOABHr YJiatt;:i:» 187
3. XapTMaHH. «PIOKepT» 190
3. XapTl\rnHH. «KapJI MapHR ¢ott Be6ep» 191
<Dpattu. lliy6epT 191
Po6epT lliyMatt 192

r.

117

505
Puxap~ Barttep
192
fere;lb 231
3. XapTMatttt. «W:onettray::ip» 233
3. XapTMatttt. «fettpux feii:tte» 234
Eay::ip 236
<I>ei\:ep6ax 236
A. cpott Bepttep. «MOJibTKe» 237
<I>p. CKap6utta. «DHCMapK» 238
l1MnepaTOp BnnhreJihM. <I>oTOrpa¢m1 Jlernepa H IleTrna 240
r. cpott AttreJIH. «Hacne~HblH npHHIJ <I>pu~pHX BHJibreJibM» 241
PeifxcTar 242
A. cpott Bepttep. «l{a 3~paBcrnyeT nMnepamp BHJibreJibM!» 243

IlEPE'IEHb CTAPHHHbIX IUIAHOB
rOPO,ZJ;OB II COBOPOB rEPMAHHH
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Ilnatt tiettbJ
Ilnatt Jiei\:nIJHra
Ilnatt M10ttcTepa
Ilnatt Mar~e6ypra
Ilnatt M10ttxetta
Ilnatt H10ptt6epra
Co6op BO <I>pattKcpypTe-tta-Maii:tte
Co6op B Kenhtte
9. Ilnatt Perettc6ypra
10. Co6op B Maii:ttIJe
11. Ilnatt ilhyTraprn
12. Co6op B Mutt~ette
13. IlnaH ilheTTHHa
14. Co6op B Perettc6ypre
15. Co6op B CTpac6ypre
16. Ilnatt YnbMa
17. Ilnatt <I>pattKcpyprn-tta-Marrtte

1. Kaprn «fepMattHH nocne BecTcpanbcKoro MHpa 1648r.»
2. Kaprn «fepMattHH nocne cMepTH <I>p~puxa BenHKoro B 1786r. »
3. Kaprn «fepMattHH BO BpeMH fepMattcKoro co103a (1815)»
4. Kaprn fepMattcKoll: nMnepHH 1871r.

28-29
38-39
64-65
86-87
96-97
120-121
124
130
134-135
151
176-177
198
204-205
210
216
222-223
228-229

16-17 .
52-53
154-155
188-189

506
YKA3ATEJlh HMEHHOH
TOMI
B (

t

) -

ro.n;b1 )I<I13HII;

- ro.n: cMepTII;

B [ ... ] -

CB.P.M. -

Bee rrepcoHamrn -

ro.n;hI rrpaBJieHm1;

(rr) -

rropTpeT;

Cm1meHHOtt PIIMcKoH: l1Mrrep1rn.

HeMeU:KIIe, ecm1 He yKa3aHo .n:pyroe.

A6eJrnp ( 1079 - 1142), cppam.1. 6orocJIOB,
cp1rnococp 286
ABrycT II CaKCOHCKHii (1670-1733), KopoJib
IlOJibCKIIH C 1697 r. 385, 388, 435, 447
ABrycTHH (354-439), OTe'-l 1{epKB11235
ABrycryJI PoMyJI, rroCJieAHllH llMrreparnp 3arr. P.
llMrreptt11, B 476 r. JIHilleH rrpecroJia BOJKAeM
repyJIOB 0AOaKpOM 77
ABeppoac ( 1126 - 98), cpttJiococp 236
ABtt1{eHHa(980- 1037),cpttJiococp, Bpaq 470
ABpaaM, eBp. rrarp1iapx 113 Btt6J1Im 118
ABpopa KeHHfCMapcKaH, 3HaM. JII06oBHIU~a
Asrycra II CaKcottcKoro, rrpapoAIITeJihHII'-la
447
m1careJibHll1\bI )KopJK CattA
Amecca <l>oH MepaH, AaMa Y Jibp11xa cpoH
JlHxremnreiiHa 172
ArpHKoJia PyJ.10Jlb<I> (1443-85), ryMatt11cr 351
ArpHKOJia feopr ( 1494-1555), XIIMIIK, 465
ArpHIIIUUla ( 14 - 59), IIMrreparplll.\a 36
ArpHIIIIa HerrecreiiMcKHii feHpHX KopHeJIHii
( 1486-1535), m1careJib, Bpa'l, MIICTIIK,
Ka66aJIIICT
461, 504
MeJirapJ-1, a66ar, y'feHbIH srroxtt KapJIOBlllffOB

102
MeJibreiiMa 6ypryHACKaH, rrpIIH1{ecca, JKetta
11Mrreparnpa Orrotta II 123
MeJibMaH <l>oH MeJlbMattc<l>eJihAeH, ryMaHllCT

352
AJlb6epyc (1500-53), nIIcareJib, rrosr, cropottmm Jborepa 515, 516
Aiipep HKo6 ( t1605), rrttcareJib, ApaMarypr 517
AKBIDICKHii <l>oMa ( 1225 llJIII 26 - 74), xpIIcr.
6oroCJIOB 236
AJiapHX (376-410), KOpOJib BeCTfOTOB 74, 75
AJieKCaHAP VI, rrarra PIIMCKIIH [ 1492-1503] 357
AJieKcaHAP MaKeJ.IOHcKHii (356-323 AO P.X.),
3HaM. rrpaBIITeJib ll IIOJIKOBOJ.le1( 199
AJih6a (1508-82), rep1{. ToJieACKllH 389
AJib6epT feHpHX ( 1604- 51 ), II03T 515
AJlb6epT BeJIHKHii ( 1193 - 1280), MbICJIIITeJib
13 B. 236
AJlb6pexT, KopOJib, CbIH PyJ.10J1bcpa fa6c6yprCKoro 288

AJih6eprn JleoH 6armcTa ( 1404- 72), IITaJI.
JKIIBOIIIICe1{, y'feHblll 506
AJib6pexT II ABcTPHiicKHii (1250-1308), KopoJib,
CbIH PyAOJibcpa fa6c6yprcKoro 334, 340
AJlb6pexT IlpyccKHii ( 1490- 1568), rrepBbIH
repuor rrpyccKIIH, OCHOBaJI B 1544 yH-T B
Kettttrc6epre 433, 434, 469
AJlb6peXT <t>oH Illap<l>eH6epr, 6aBapCKIIH II03T, B
1270 ttarrIICaJI rrmMy ~MJiaAllIIIH TIIrypeJib»

205
AJlb6peXT <l>ott

3ii6 ( 1420- 75), IIllCaTeJib 15 B.

514
AJib6yttH, KOpOJib JiaHro6apAOB, 3aBOeBaJI
l1TaJillIO, y6llT B 753 78, 82,
AJlbKyIDI (735- 804), a66ar B Type, BocrrttrareJib
Aereii KapJia BeJIIIKoro 102
MhTPHHreH ( 1588 - 1634), OJ.IIIH II3 rroJIKOBOAl.leB
BaJIJieHllITeiitta 425
AJib<l>oHc VI ( 1030 - 1109), KopOJib KacrllJIIIll c
1072 193
AMl\Jlbpux 6ettcKHii ( t1207), MbICJIIITeJib,
cpIIJIOCOcp 13 B., npocp. IlapIIJKCKOrO ytt-Ta 236
AHJ.\peii <t>oH 30HHeH6epr, repM. ABOPRHIIH,
rrpei:i:areJihCKII y6m B 1511 392
AHHa 6peTaHCKaH, HeBecra pttM. KopoJIR MaKCIIMIIJIHaHa I 169
AHHa CaKCOHCKaH, rrpttH1{ecca, AO'fb KypcpIOpcra
Mopttl.\a, ttarrttcaJia 11000 rruceM 395, 435, 467
AHHa <l>oH CmJib6epr, KBeMtttt6yprcKM uryMeHbR B 16 B. 395
AHcHrHa, a66ar, pyKOBOAIITeJib crpoureJibCTBa
AxettcKoro co6opa 796- 804 r. 123
AHroHHii, conpaBureJib c oKraBttaHoM PttMCKOH
IIMrrepIIll, PIIM. IIOJIKOBOJJ:e1( 24
Amonttyc <l>oH IllupUITeA, cryAeHT, 3aKOJIOT
llIBa6oM B 1516 474
ApttcTOTeJib (384-322 AO P.X.), ApeBtterpe'l.
y'feHblll II cpIIJIOCOcp 236
ApKaAHii (377-408), chm pIIM. IIMrreparopa
<DeoJ.10CIIR, rrpaBIIJI BocroKoM II KottcraHTIIHOrroJieM 74
ApMHH, JiereHAapttbIH repoii rreceH 62

507
ApMHHHii (oK. 17 i:10 P.X - 21), BO)K,L{b xepycKoB,
ocso6oi:111TeJib fepMaHHH OT pHMAAH 25, 26( n),
27

lieptte JIIO;J;BHr ( 1786-1837), rry6JIH1\HCT,
KpHTHK, H;J,eoJior JIHT. TeqeHHH ~MoJIOJlaH

Apu8.llbJ10, 113 B11JibHesa, 11306peTaTeJib BOJIKH

liepusapi:1 fHJibi:1ecreitMcKHii, errttcKorr Haq. 12 B.,
yKpaCHBIIIHtt fHJib):lecreMMCKHM co6op B 1022 r.

242
ApuoJib;i; lipeUiliaucKuil: (K. 11- H. 12 B. 11SS), 11i:1eoJior P11McKoM: pecrry6JIHKH, 6opel\
rrpOTHB rraIICTBa, Ka3HeH ITO pacrrop.1DKeH1110
rrarrbr A;:ip11atta IV 143, 234, 286, 288, 348
ApuoJib;i; foT<l>pu;i; ( 166S - 1714), rrepBbIM
l(epKOBHblll HCTOpHK fepMaHHH 456
ApXHeIIHcKon Maituu.cKHii, so speMJI rrpaBJienmr
0TTOHa I HCIIOJIHSIJI JIOJI)KHOCTb apx11KaHl(Jiepa

122
AcM)'H;i;, cyrrpyr fyttttfl1JibJlbI (s ~CesepttoM:
care~)

42

AypnHHH, rrpop11l(aTeJibHHl\a Haq. 1 B. 39
AccuacKuit <l>pauuucK (j],)KyOBaHtte fiepttapi:1otte)
( 1182-1226), KaTOJIMqecKMH CBRTOH, OCHOB.
opi:1etta cppaHl(HCKaHl\eB 136
Ama<l><l>ett6yprcKHii JlaM6ePT, xpoHHCT 138
6a6eJie fe6eJib, )Keprna HHKBH3Hl\HM KpacusettIIIaH ,nesyIIIKa Bropl\6ypra 503
liaBapcKHii .llio;i;osHK ( 1282-1347), correpHHK
<DpH;J;pMxa ABcTp. B pacrrpHx 3a rrpecTOJI 289
liaKOJibT .Siu, yqacTHHK KpeCTbRH. BOCCTaHHR B
1S2S r. 373
liaJI&;J;e .SIKOB ( 1604 - 88)' rraTpHOT M II03T
fepMaHHM 455
6ap6apa <t>ou .Qwum, cyrrpyra C11rtt3MYHt1a
JlIOKCeM6yprCKoro 339
6ap6apocca <l>pu;i;pHX I ( 1123 - 90), rrepsbIM
HMIIepamp JIOMa foreHIIITaycpeHOB f 1147 1190] 138, 141, 182, 261, 264, 480
liapTOJIOMCH ;i;e lipyuu, peJIHfH03Hb!H )!(llBOIIHCel(
1S-ttaq. 16 B. 509
liepTOJib;J; ( 1220 - 72), perettc6. rrporrose,nHHK
13 B., BOCCTaBaJI rrpoTHB 3pHIIIHOM MOJlbl 161
liayMau HHKoJiait, rr11caTeJib Haq. 16 B. 354
Bax Horauu Ce6acThHH (168S-17SO), KOMII03Hmp 513(n), 514
6e6eJib feupux ( 1472-1S18), JiaTHHH3HposattHbIM ryMaHHCT 355
lieK, rettepaJI fycrnsa-A;:ioJibcpa 425
lieKKep fiaJibTa3ap, m1careJib, HarrHcaJI B 1691 r.
3HaM. TpaKTaT rrpOTHB KOJIJIOBCTBa ~3aKOJI):IO­
BaHHblll MHp~ 504
lieMe .SIKOB ( 1S7S-1624), cpHJiococp-MHCTHK 456
lieue;J;HKT HypcuitcKuil: (480-S43), KaT. CBHTOH,
octtosaTeJib 1-ro Ha 3arrai:1e MottaIIIecKoro
opaetta 104

fepMaHHH~

200

123, 124
liepucKHii tbrrpHX (cM. Teoi:1oprrx) 77
liepTa, OAHa H3 i:1oqepeM: KapJia BeJIHKoro,
HMrrepampa fepMamm 102
liepTa <t>ou Beii:I{eHHITeitu, cyrrpyra pbil\apH
y Jibpttxa cpoH JlHXTCHIIITCMHa 174
lieproJib;J; <t>ou feuue6epr, apxrremicKorr rr
KypcpropCT MattHl\CKHM, rro6opHHK roe. pecpopMbI 359, 360
lieccep, rrprri:1sopHbIM rroaT 523
lieTpaH-t1e-liopu, rroar-TPy6ai:1yp 193
lienoseu .llio;J;Bur Bau ( 1770-1827), 3HaM.
KOMII03HTOp, rrttaHHCT H JIHPH)Kep 514
liexeitM MuxauJI (1416-80), rrrrcaTeJib, rrbITaBIIIHMCH B03POJIHTTb pbn~apCKyro poMaHTHKY 514
liupKeu 3HrMyHJI <t>ou, HCTOpHK 461
liJiauwe<l>JIYP, cecTPa KopoJIH MapKe (anoc
~ Tpucrntt u l13oJibJla~) 206
liJIYMe HHKOJiaH, JIIOTepaHCKllM rracTop, ll3fOHHJI
6eca B 17 B. 481
lio~ep Jforauu .SIKo6 ( 1698-1783), IIIBCHl\.
KpHTllK-JIHTeparypOBCJI 527
lioitHpi:1, HTaJI. IlHCaTeJib H Il03T 449
liOKKaq110 ( 1313- 7S), HTaJI. IIIICaTCJib, HaIIHCaJI
~)leKaMepott~

194, 347, 449

liouep YJibpHX, 6acttonucel(, MOHax H3 fieptta 14
B.

220

liouu<l>al.IHii ( 680 - 7 SS), rrepBbIM apxuen11cKorr
Mattttl\CKHtt 9 t
lioHTeKoe, 6patti:1ett6ypr. rrpH,!1,BOpttbitt spaq,
llpHBC3 B fepMaHHIO qaM: B 1667 r. 390
liou<t>HHu, HTaJI. rryTeIIIecrneHHHK, orr11caJI Betty a
1490 r. 300
lioal.IHii (480-S24), p11M. cp11Jiococp u roe.
i:1eHTeJib 77, 137
lipaMaHTe ll:ottaTO ( 1444-1S14), HTaJI. apXHTeKTop arrox11 BbrcoKoro Bo3po)K,L{ett11H 506
lipaHT Ce6acT&HH ( 14S8 - 1S21), rrrrcaTeJibryMattrrcT, ttarrrrcaJI ~ Kopa6Jib i:1ypaKoB ~ 515
lipemuttrep lforauH .SIKo6 ( 1701-1776), IIIBeHl\.
Jll1Teparyposei:1 H KpHTHK 527
lipyu Pyi:10Jlb<t>, pbll(apb, rrpe):IBOJIHTeJib COCJIOBHH
Mematt B U,roprrxe 1336 r. 289
lipyHfH.llb.lla ( S34 - 613), cppaHKCKaH KopoJiesa,
BeJia 6opb6y c X11JibIIep11KOM I 11 ero )!(ettoM:
<Dpei:1eryH;J,oiI, Ka3Hetta 42, 82

508
lipYJfeJJJiecKH <l>wnmn:o ( 1377 -1446), man:.
apxHreKrop, CKYJibrrrop, yqeHbiil:, pa6ora.n: BO
<DJiopeHl(HH 560

lipYJfo lbtcop.naHo ( 1548-1600), man:. qmJioco4>
H II03T,o6mrneH B epectt H COJKJKeH B PttMe

348, 457
o,n:HH H3 BOeHaqaJibHHKOB Ue3apH, yqacrBOBaJI
B 3aroBope rrporHB Hero 24
liyaeH6aYM fepMaH ( 1600-1663), rrporecrattr-

456

liyJLllHJlfep feHpHX ( 1504-1575), pecpopMarop,
rrocJie,n:oBareJib UBHHrJIH

455

qmaMaH,n:. IIIKOJia 507

Bae Pmnap, rroar-rpy6a.n.yp 194
Bacxo .na faMa ( 1469-1524), rropryr. MOpeIIJia-

(MHHHe3Irnrep)

349

Be6ep Beih, rpaJK,n:aHHH <Dpeil:6ypra, II03T,
rreBel( 15 B.

331

Beiirau.ztr <I>pHJJ,pHX, yqacTHMK KpeCTMIHCKOH
BOHHbI B fepMaHMH 1522 .r. 369
BeiireJlb BueHTIDI ( 1533 _..1588), rrHcareJibMHCTMK

456

Beitep IIoraHH, .n:oKrop, rrporecroBaJI rrpornB

liypKrapJJ, cj>oH foreHcj>eJibC, rreBel( JII06BJI

217

rrpol(eCCOB HaJJ. Be,n:bMaMM

504

Beitae XpucmaH ( 1642-1708), rrncareJib-MMCTHK

liyxrOJlbl( feiiHpHX, poMaHTHK cepe,n:HHbl 17 B.

522

523
BeKepJDm f eopr PyJJ,OJlbcj> ( 1584 - 1653),

liyu;ep MapThlll ( 1491-1551 ), pecpopMarop,
rrocJie,n:oBareJib UBttHrnH 455
Byrne fepMaH, ryMaHHcr 352
lia.na ,llocronolffellllbdi ( 67 4 - 735 ), l(epKOBHbIH
IICTOpllK 8 B., CBHTOH 114
liaKOH PoAXCep ( 1214 - 1292), attrnttil:CKHil:
cpttJIOCOcp, cppaHl(HCKaHel( 457
Baiiu; feopr, co6ttpareJib ,n:peBHHX reKCTOB 44
BaKepHareJlb BWibreJlbM ( 1806- 69), rrepeBo,n:qHK, rrpocpeccop BaaeJibCKoro ytt-ra 44

BaJiacj>pim Crpa6oH, BbJAaIOll\HHCH yqeHbIH
fepMaHHII 9 B.

108

BueHTUHHaH III (419-455), pHM. JIMrr., cbIH
cecrpbI fottopHH faJIJibI IlJial(H.l\HH JI corrpaBHreJIH KottcraHl(HH, y6HJI A3l(HH B 454 r., rrorn6
B 455

COBpeMeHHMKPeM6patt.n:ra, yqeHHKI1.Py6eHca,

BareJib

lipyY ,lleQHM IOmm A.7n.61D1 (84-43 .no P.X.),

rroJieMHCT

BaH-,lluK (BaH Aeil:K) (1599-1641), xy,n:oJKHHK,

f.

520

BecrcpaJIMH, B 70 r . .n:o P.X. rro6y,n:nJia UnBMJIHca Boesarb rrporMB PHMa 38( n), 39
BeJIHcapuit ( 490 - 565), BH3aHTMiiCKMii IIOJIKOBo,n:el( rrpH nMrreparope IOcrMHMaHe

78

BeJlbaep <I>wnmmrna ( 1530- 80 ), cyrrpyra
3pl(repl(ora TupoJibCKoro <Dep.n:1rnatt,n:a

445( n)

BeHl(ecJiae (IV) ( 1361-1419), MMrreparop
fepMaHCKMH [1378-1400)

337

Bepmmr HKo6, KamnaH soiicK KapJia V 423
BecceJlb lioaHH ( 1420- 89 ), peJIMflI03Hbiii
,n:eHreJib

349

BuKJIHcj>cj> ( 1320 - 84), attrnHiiCKMii 6opel(
rrporus 3Jioyrrorpe6JieHMii rrarrcrna

338

BHJiaHJJ,, repoii :moca (Jierett.n:br) 47

75

BaJJJieH1DTeiiH AJn,6peXT ( 1583-1634), IIOJIKOBO,n:el(, c 1625 r. rnaBHOKOMaHAYIOll\IIH IIMrrepcKHMll soil:cKaMH B 30-Jierneii BOil:He 424, 425, 483
BaJlb,nuc liypKrap.n (1490-1556), 16 B. rrHcareJib, carHpHK, 6acHOIIHCel( 516
BaJlb,nMaHH f aHc ( 1435 - 1489), 6yproMHcrp
U10p1Ixa KOHl(a 15 B. 298
BaJlbJJ,yc Ilerp, JIHOHCKHil: rpaJK,n:aHHH, ocHoBaBnmil: ceKry aJib6HroHl(eB (BaJib,n:eHCOB) B 12 B.

231

BHJlaHJI, ( 1733-1813), II03T, KpHcrocp MaprnH,
rrpe.n:cras. rrepexo.n:a K Hal(. JIMr-pe fepMaHMM

200
BuJIJiep, ayrc6yprcKMii KHMrorrpo,n:aBel( 413
BHJIJIHPaM, a66ar 36epc6eprCKMii 127
BHJlbreJlbM liaeapcxuil:, repl(or 445
BHJlbreJlbM cj>oH eHHe6epr' rpacp 433
BHJlbreJlbM, repl(or 6aBapcKnii 442
BuJlbreJlbM, Macrep-)KMBorrncel( HIOpH6eprc.

r

IIIKOJibl 250

BaJlbrep IIoraHH (perettr rremrn) 512
Bubrep cj>oH .nep <I>oreJlbeeH.ne ( 1170-1230),
BbJAaIOll\IIHCH II03T-MMHHe3HHrep

rrpimBopHbiii rroar, AMIIJioMar

BeJieJJ,a, rrpopnl(aTeJibHMl(a 6pyKrepoB H3

171, 180,

217(n), 219, 232, 349

436
BHJlb,n:e faHc, xy,n:o)KHJIK-JK1rnorrncel( no creKJiy

510

BaH .nep liepc, ,n:BopHH. cpaMMJIMH Br. Bp10rre,
OCHOBaBIIIM rrepsyIO 61Ip1Ky B MMpe

BHJlbreJlbM-JIIOJJ,OBHK, rrpMHl( s10preM6eprcKHii

397

BHJlbTeH lioraHH, rearpaJibHbIH .n:emeJib 524
BuMDcj>eJllDlf IIoaHH, ryMattucr 352, 355

509
BH1Uµep Kacnap, yqacTHilK cpIDKemrn <Dpamui:cKa I 11 KapJia V rrp11 Damm 423
Buprwnrn Ily6JIHii (70-19 .llO P.X.), 3HaM. JiaT.

200
feil:upux AuceJlbM cl>on llurJiep, rrHcaTeJibpoMaHTilK 522

II03T 199

BHT)'KHH.ll (?-807), repnor caKcoa, cpIDKaJICH c

feJIHMep, KOpOJib BaH,llaJIOB B AcppIIKe, B3HT B
IlJ!eH a 534 r. 73, 95

KapJIOM BeJIHKllM 82

BHT)'KHH.ll KopueiicKHii, 3HaM. JieTorr11cen ::irrox11
OrroHa I 127

BoJlbreMyr MuxaHJI ( 1434-1519), xy,llOJKHllK 11
pe3'1llK no ,llepeay HIOpH6eprc. IIIKOJibI 509

BoJlbcl>raHr liaeapcKldi, repnor ( 1470) y'laCTHHK
cKaqeK a Ayrc6ypre 310

BoJlbcl>PaM ct>ou 3weu6ax ( 1170-1220? ), rro::iT,
MllHHe3HHrep 200, 201, 212, 219

ByJIJieuue6ep IOpreu, 6yproMIICTp B JII06eKe 373
BypMaep IbmoJiail:, XY.llOJKHHK 6oreMcKoii IIIKOJibI

250

reJIJiePT Xpucmau <l>IOpxreroT ( 1715 -

69 ),
II03T-6acHOIIIICel{ 515(rr), 527
feJlb,llH Auna, IIOCJie,llHHH Be,llbMa B lllaeii.napHH,
COJKJKeHa B 1782 r. 505
feMMepJIHH <l>eJIUKC, IIIBeiinapeII, ryMaHHCT II
pecpopMarnp 350
feH,lleJlb feopr <l>pH,llpHX, 3HaM. KOMII03Iff0p

513, 514(n)
feuueu6eprcKHii KHH3b, Orro ( 1470) 310
fenpHx I [919-936), KopOJib fepMaHIIIl,
3HaqHTeJibHO B03Bb!Cll.JI KOpoJieBCKYIO BJiaCTb

BIOpreM6eprcKHii YJlbpux, repnor 278
BIOpll <l>eJIHKc, x11pypr 465
fareu forrcl>pll.ll 212, 299, 317
f8,llJlay6, rro::iT, IIIBeiinapen 218
fail:,llu Uocucl> (1732-1809), 3HaM. MY3bIKaHT

121, 122, 182, 200, 336, 434

reupux II [ 1002 -

1024]' PIIMCKO - r epMaHCKIIH
11Mrreparnp 130, 439
eupux II AurJIHil:cKHii ( 1133 - 1189)' KOpOJib

r

261
feupux Ill [ 1026-1056), PHMCKO- fepMaHCKilll

514
<ifaiiMOH (H ero CblHOBbH)i>, pbil{apcKa.si: II03Ma

196

11Mrreparnp 130

feupux IV [1050-1106), PuMcKo-fepMaHCKHii

faJieH KJias,llllil: ( 131-oK.200), 3HaM. pHM. Bpa'I

242, 470

138, 140, 377, 444

feupux V ( 1081-1125), 11Mneparnp c 1105 r.

135
fenpHx VI ( 1165-1197), KopoJih 11 IIMrreparnp c
1189 r. 141, 216, 218

feupux VII JIIOKceM6yprcKuH, rpacp, HeM.

lle 409

fauc ct>ou fyrreu, pbil{aph, y6IIT a 1515 r. 278
fauc ct>ou IIIBeiiuuxeu, CHJie3CKHH .llBOpHHHH

393, 394, 400, 460
fpHMMeJlbCrayaeu fauc &o6 Kpucmcl>eJlb
( 1621-1676), rr11caTeJih

uMneparnp, 6opoJic.si: c rrarroii fpurop11eM VII

130, 134, 135,

faJIHJieii ( 1564-1642), IITaJI. yqeHblll 466
faJlb6ayrep, MemaHHH 113 JI10nepHa 331
faMypeu, OTel{ Ilapl{IIBaJIH 202
fauuMe,ll, aJIJieropHq. Ha3BaHIIe CJiyrH B fOCTilHII-

523

faucBypcr, KJIOJH, apJieKHH 525, 526
fapc,lloPcl>ep, rr11caTeJib 452, 482, 521
fapreuep Bepurep, aarnp ,llpeatteii tteM. ,llepeaeHcKoii IIOBeCTil 328

fapTMan, MexaHIIK II3 H10ptt6epra 421
faprMau ct>ou Aya (1170-1220), 3HaM. II03Tpbrl{apb 200, 201
fapTMO.ll, cM. BaJiacppII,ll, fpa6aH 108
facce Uorauu A,/loJlbcl> ( 1699-1783), KOMII03IIrnp

feil:ue feupux (1797-1856), 3HaM. rrmT 161,

513

feiiep <l>;mpuau (oK. 1490-1526), .llBOPHHilH,
yqaCTHHK Kpecrwrn. BOCCTaHilH B fepMaHIIII 369
feii:Jiep Uoauu (1440-1509), rronyJIHpH3aTOp
Pe¢opMau1m 349, 350

KOpOJib 334

feupux XI, repnor JiurnIIllKOro ,llOMa 447
feupux lioraTblil: liaeapcKnH, repnor ( 1434) 278
feupux MeiiceucKHii CueTJieiiwuii, MapKrpacp
Hop,llray3eHa (13 a.) 183

feupux MIOucrep6eprcKHii, repnor, rro6e,llIITeJib
Typttupa B BpaH,llett6ypre B 1555 r.

439

fenpHx IlTU1leJIOB, repnor CaKCOHCKIIii, 3aTeM
feHp11x I (cM.) 121
feupux ct>ou AJlbKMap, aBTOp II03Mbl <iPeiiHHKe
JlHCi> 354

feupux ct>ou fJ1HXeaep, rro::iT 12 a. 199
feupux ct>on Meiiceu (oK. 1250-1318), 3HaM.
II03T-rreceHHIIK, XBaJIIlTeJib JKeHIIIIIH 219

feupux <Pou Mopyureu, rro::iT cpe,llHeBeKOBbH (oK.
1200 r.) 216

feupux <Pou Ocl>rep,llHHreH, CKa3oqHbIH nepcoHaJK

201, 219

510
fenpnx lj>oH Pyice, II03T cpeJI.HeBeKOBb5I ( 12 s.)

216

IIHCaTeJib

feHc6efiH HoraHH, rrncapb, asTOp <!JlttM6yprcKoit

318

XpOHlIKHl>

fepo,noT (484-420 /1.0 P.X.), rpe'l. HcTOpHK 460
fep6epra, a66arnca, rrJieM5IHHnu;a 0TToHa I 128
fep6epT, y'leHbIH, 3aTeM narra PrrMcKnit CttJibBecTp

II [999-1003) 123

fepOOJIO lj>oH IloJibreiiM, IIO,ll,llaHHblll HMIIepaTOpa
MaKcHMHJIHaHa I 169
feprap.l( HoaHH, pe¢opMaTOp, rrocJie,lloBaTeJih
MeJiaHXTOHa

ro co6opa ( 1248)

249

feprapT, apxnerrncKorrBpeMeHa 329
fepHCTaJlbCKHH Ilumm, MaJKOp,llOM MepoBHHfOB

82
fepMaH (cM. ApMHHHit), CbIH CernMepa 26, 30,

217, 515
fepMaH T10pK1ITeHcKKii, JiaHJI.rpa¢ (Ha'l. 13 B.)

201
fepMaH lj>oH HyeHap, coasTop carnpbI dlncbMa
TCMHbIX JIIO,llelll> ( 1516)

356

fepMaH lj>oH <J>epHHrCH, yqeHblll MOHax H3

138

PeitxeHay

fepTKIITcrayaeH, rocjmapruaJI KacceJibCKoro

446

feccHep Koupa,n, yqeHhiit-ymrnepcaJI, IIOJilffJIOT

465
feTe HoraHH BoJiblj>ram (1749-1832), seJIH-

104, 200, 205, 270
1562), y'laCTHHK
KpeCTb5IH. BOCCTaHHH 1525 r. 369, 393
fH6epru JlopeHD;O ( 1378-1455), ¢.llopeHTHHCKHll CKyJlbllTOp H JIHTettmlIK 506
'lattrnnit II03T

reu; lj>oH BepJIHXHHrCH ( 1480 -

fWIJiep, MY3bIKaHT, BBeJI B fepMaHHH orreperry

514
fHJib,ne6paH.l(, repoit rreCHn 47, 94
fHJib.l(e6pall,ll, MoHax, 3aTeM rrarra PttMCKHrr
fpnroprrit

VII [ 1073- 1085] 132

fHlllI.llep Bell,lleJlb, OJI.HR H3 pyKoBO,ll,HTeJieit
KpeCTbHH. BOCCTaHHH

369, 370, 371

fHIIUoKpaT (460-377 AO P.X.), rpe'l. Bpa'l, oTeu;
Me,llHD;HHbl

242, 470

fHpm, espeit H3 llla¢¢ray3eHa 1401 r. 229
fnpmlj>oreJlb <l>eii'r, CM. BttJIMe faHc 510
fulj>MaH, y'leHblll, HCCJICAOBaTCJib CTapHHbl 45
fJIIOK Xpucro<l> ( 1714-1787), 3HaM. KOMII03HTOP

514

458

foJIJiap BeH,llCJib, rpasep 17 B. 512
fOJIJlb 3JIHac, apXHTeKTOp 17 B. 507
foJib6efiH fauc (AC/1., CT., MJI.), ceMeHCTBO
rnsa6cKrrx XYAO)l{HHKOB

509

foJlbu;myap Kap.11, apxHTCKTOp 17 B. 507
foMep (IX AO P.X.), 3HaM. rpe'l. II03T 449
foHayap feopr, aJIXHMHK, IIOBCIIIeH B 1597 r.

464
foHope .n'IOplj>e, ¢paHu;. rrncaTeJib, poMaH
<lAcrpeHl>

455

feprap.nilayJib(1606-1676), rro3T 515
feprap,n, MacTep-cocTaBrrTeJih rrJiaHoB KeJibHCKo-

,llBOpa

fo66c ToMac ( 1588-1679), aHrJI. cpnJioco¢ n

440

foHopmi (384-423), pHM. HMrrepaTOp, Cb!H
<Deo,llOCHH

74, 75

fopMaiiep 172
.
fopCtlOP«l>eP ( 1607 -58), OCHOBaTCJib JIHT. 06-Ba
<!OpACH IICI'HHI(KHX rracTyXOBl>

452

forrlj>pll,ll Crpac6yprcKHit, II03T 13 B., aBTOp
<!TpttCTaHa H lfaOJibAbll>

200, 205, 206, 207,

212, 217, 317
foTlj>pH,ll lj>OH Hulj>eu, MHHHC3Httrep 217
fom; lj>ou BepJIHXHHrCH ( 1480-1562), pb1u;apb,
IIPCAB. KpecT. BOllHbl

460

forme.A HoraHH KpucTo<I> (1700-66), KpttTHK

523, 524, 526, 527
fou;u;a.l(UHU
HayK B

liHTif3Wl, )l{CHiu;HHa-AOKTOp !Opll,11,.

1236r B BoJIOHhe 238

fpa6au (Xpa6aH), BbIAaIOiu;HHCH y'leHblll 9 B.

107, 108
fpaaJlb, 'lyAeCH. cocyJI., B KOTOpbltt liocn:¢
ApnMa¢eitcKHH co6paJI KpOBb CrracmeJIH

201, 202, 203, 204, 205
fpaMMaTHK CaKCOH ( 1140-1208),
xpoHMCT-JICTOIIHceu; 42

195,

JI.aTcKnit

fpayeHBaJlbll Marnac, xyAO)l{HHK 509
fpaytt Kap.11 fefiHpnx (1701-59), CM. facce 513
fp~uau

(359-383),

3arr. PnM. lIMn., seJI

BOHHbI c roTaMH n xprrcTnaHaMH

73

fpaW1yc OpcyHH, nepcoHa)I{ KHirrH <*IlHCbMa
TCMHblX JIIO,llelll>

356

fpeM!lep HoraHH, HHKBH3HTop 492
fpuropmi VII [1073-85), rrarra PrrMcKHit 132,

133, 135
fp11ropmi IX [ 1227 -41 ], rrarra P11McKnit 231,

233, 329
fpuropmi <f>oH feiiM6ypr, pe¢opMaTOp, 6opeq 3a
e,llHHCTBO fepMaHHll

350, 358

fpueH fauc, XYAO)l{HHK 509
fpHMM BHJibreJlbM ( 1786-1859) n HKoB (1785-

1863), 3HaMeHHTblC
44, 58, 481

¢0.llbKJIOpHCTbl, ¢11JIOJIOrH

511
fpmlmyc AH,zi,peu, norryAApHbIH 11paMarypr 522
fpm(Hii fyro ( 1583-1645), HH,nepJiaHJ(. rrncaTeJib, 3aKOHoBej\ 458
fy6Maiiep BaJihTaaap ( 1480-1528), KaTOJIWiecKHH cm1meHHHK, rrpoTec-raHT, pyKoBOJIHTeJib
BOCCTaHII.R KpeCTbJIH 369
fyro <}>oli MoH<}>opT ( 1357-1423), pbil\apcKIIiI
II03T 220
fyro <}>oH TpuM6epr ( 1236-1313), pbil\apcKIIH II
Hapo,nHbiM I103T 219
fyH,l(JIHHfep Befu, xJie6orreK H3 Ayrc6ypra 312
fypHaMaHI(, CTapbill pbIIJ.apb ll3 «CKa3aHHJI 06
Aprypei> 202, 203
fyc HoraHH ( 51H) ( 1369 - 1415), qeIIICKIIH
pecpopMarnp 338, 339, 346, 364
fycTaB-A,nOJib<}> ( 1594 - 1632)' IIIBej\CKllll
KOpGJib, TIOJIKOBOJ(el\, yqaBCTBOBaJJ B 30-JieTHeii
Boil.He 418, 424, 425
fyrreH y JlbPHX ( 1488 - 1523)' 3HaM. ryMaHIICT'
CTOpOHHIIK CB06o,nbI BepoHCTIOBej\aHllll 356,

362, 363, 365, 366, 392, 515
fyrreH6epr HoraHH ( 1400 - 1468), II3o6peTaTeJib
KHllfOTieqaTaHHJI 315( n), 316
fyrrep Jleomap,n ( 1563-1616), pecpopMarnp,
rrocJJeJ(oBaTeJib MeJJaHxTona 455
fIOJlbU lforanH, cTpo:ttTeJib CTpac6yprcKoro
co6opa 249
f10HTep IIIBapu6yprcKuii, rrpeTeHJ(eHT Ha repMaHCKHH TpOH 337
f10HTepc XpucmaH (1695-1723), rroaT 523
.ll'A.n.7Ihu, rrpocpeccop ll3 IlapmKa, pecpopMarnp

346
.ll'IOp<f>e, cppaHl\. rmcaTeJib 449
.lla BHHqn JleoHap,no ( 1452-1519), 3HaM. man.
)KllBOTIIICelJ., MexaHIIK, apxrrTeKTOp ll yqeHbIH

506
,ll,aBn.z. JlyKa, aBTOp «IlpycCKOH xpoHIIKll\> 460
,ll,aHTe A.lIHrbepu ( 1265-1321), man. noaT,
aBTOp «DO:a<ecTBeHHOll KOMej\IIll\> 194, 201, 336,

347, 449
.llax ( 1605-1659), rroaT 515
,ll,eKapT ( 1596 - 1650), cppami.. cpHJJococp 45 7
,neJIJia Keepqa ( 1374-1438), man. CKYJibTITOp
pauuero B03po2K,LleHIIJI 506
,ll,e<f><f>Jiumep, 6pau11eH6yprcKIIii cpeJibJ(Maprnan

425
,ll,uaKoH IIaBeJI (BapuecppII,n), cM. AJ(eJirap.n: 102
.llnail BapTOJIOMeo ( 1450 - 1500), nopryr.
:MopenJiaBa:reJib 349
,ll,noHHc (BaKx), CbIH 3eBca II CeMeJJbI 68

,ll,HTpux <f>on Bep.nep, rrepeBoJ(qIIK c IITM. JI3bIKa

452, 522
.llwrpuxnlTeiiH, rpacp, yqacTBOBaJJ B 3HaMeHllTOM
«KOHHOM 6aneTei> 24 JIHB. 1667 r. 438
,ll,OMHHHK ( 117 0 - 1221)' IICTiaHCKIIH yqeHbIH II
rrporroBej\HllK, OCHOBaJJ op,aeH B 1215 r. 136
,ll,ouaTeJIJIO (1386-1466), HTaJJ. CKYJibTITop 506
,ll,opoTeH Co<f>HH faHHoBepclGUI, Kyprrprru11ecca

447
,llopweH H.f., .noRTOp II rrpocpeccop TeOJIOrIIII

481
)lol(HHfep Ho6cT, uaqaJJbHIIK pa60T rro nocTpoiIKe CTpac6yprCKoro co6opa 244
)lpocc11.op<f>, MacTep II3 Manu11a 251
llIO.neeaH ABpopa OKop:a< CaH11) ( 1804- 76),
<lJpaHIJ.. IIHCaTeJibHIIl\a 447
)lIOpep A.llb6pexT ( 1471-1528), 3HaM. xy11o:a<HHK, CKYJibIITOp, apxmeKTOP 510(n), 512, 465,

509
EJinaaeeTa T10pHHreHCKaH, JiaH11rpacpHHJI 234,

235
JKepcoH, rrapH:lKCKIIH rrpocpeccop 346
iKoHaC, II03T 515
3axapuii, rro3T 476
3eJlb,n M.T., npoTeCTaHTCKIIH CBJill!eHHHK 481
3emepnH MapHH PeHaTa, rrocJie,nmrn rrortt6mrui
«BeJ(bMai> B fepMaHHH B B10p116ypre B 17 49 r.

505
3emf>JI Jl10l{Bur, pereHT rremm 512
3ureJlb HoaHH fonJIH6, yqeHbIH 459
3ur<}>pn.z., Jiereu11apHbIH II cKa3oqHb1ii repoii 22,

47, 51, 62
3JiaTOycT HoaHH (347-407), OTelJ. 11epKBll 252
3yxeHBHpT Ilerp, TIIICaTeJib 15 B. 514
Hnan fpo3Hbrli: (1530-84), pyccKIIiI IJ.apb II
BeJIIIKllll KH.Sl3b 234, 358
HnaH <f>oH fOJib1J,enc.11eBe, cTyJleHT, norII6mIIi1 OT
co6paTa B 1516 r. 474
HepoHHM IIproKcKuii ( 1380 - 1416), e.n1rnoMb1rnJieHHIIK fyca 346
HJlbiJ,HKO, 6ypryHJICKM rrpIIHl\ecca (453 r. ),
HeBecrn ATTHJib! 75
HHHOKeHTHii III [ 1198 - 1216], nana PrrMCKIIiI

132, 231, 234
IV [1243-1254), rrana PIIMCKIIH
291
HHHOKeHTHU VIII [1484-1492), nana PIIMCKIIH
491
Horann Crpac6yprcKuii, enIICKon 1317 r. 299
HoaHn-feopr I, BHYK XpIIcTIIaHa II, Kypcp10pcrn
CaKconcKoro 443, 450
HnnoKeHTHU

512
MucTHTop feupux, HHKBH3HTop, coaaTop «MoJioTa KOJmYHOB (Beti:bM)~ 492
MoaHH XII [955-964], rrarra PHMCKHH
122
MoaHH feopr lipat1,Z1;en6yprcKuii, Kypcp10pcT 469
MoaHH KaaHMHp, rrcpaJibU:rpacp 467
MoaHH <f>ou Beae.llb, rrpoTHBHHK PnMa 349
MoaHH <f>ou BepT, rerrepaJI 425
Moauu <f>ou fox, rrpnop, rrpoTHBHHI< PnMa 349
MoaHH <f>ou 3K, rrpoTHBHHK PecpopMau:mr 354
Moaun-BH.llbre.llhM III, repu:or lOJIHx-K.rieBcI<ttii

446
MoaHH-CurnaMYHtJ:, I<ypq)!OpcT fipaHtJ:eH6yprcKHii

443
MoaHH-<I>pH,llpHX, I<ypcp10pcT CaKcorrcI<Hii 386
MoaXHM II, Kypcp10pcT fiparr,n:ett6yprcI<HH 392,

445
MoaXHM <t>ou 3THHreu, rpacp 392
MoraHH $on Ka.llbKap, )KHBorrnceu: peJIHrH03Horo
HarrpaaJieHirn 509
Morauu, MaCTep, cocTaBHTeJib rrJiaHa KeJibHcKoro
co6opa 249
Mop,n:au, OCTI'OTCKHH HCTOpHK 6 B. 73
MocH<f> I (1678-1710, HMrrepamp c 1705 r.

429
Kail.aep Peiiuxap.z. ( 1673 - 1739), KOMII03HTOp

513
Ka.!mKCyYC feopr, rrpo,n:OJI)KaTeJib ti:e.HTeJibHOCTH
MeJiattxToHa 455
Ka.11Mepou ( 1600 - 1681 ) , ncrraHCKHii ,n:paMarypr

201
KaMIIaneJIJia ( 1568-1639), HTaJI. cpHJiococp 457
KaHHaHii: IleYp ( 1521-1598), He3yHT 456
Kamnt, II03T IIpHtJ:BOpHbIH 523
Kauu:ou <I>oMa, xpottHCT IloMepaHHH 11 B. 460
KaneT fyro (940-996), cppattu:. KopoJib 120
KanHTo Bo.llb<f>raur (1478-1541), cmpoHHHK
QBHHrJIH 455
Kap,lUIHa.11 Ileii:pe, II03T-pecpopMaTOp 13 B. 194
KapHJITuii:CKuii Apuym.<f> (850-899), HMrrepamp
c 887 r., KopoHOBaJirn B PnMe 120
KapHJITuiicKnii Y .llbpHX, My)K Arttecb1 MepaH 172
KapJI IV ( 1316-1378), HMrrepamp 318
KapJI IV JIIOKCeM6yprcKuii, KOpOJib fioreMCKHii

337
KapJI V (1500-58), HMrrepamp Ca.P.11., BeJI 4
rro6e,n:ottocHbie BOHHbI c <l>pattu:neii, o,n:tty c
Typ11neii, B fepMaHHH rroTeprreJI rropa)Kettne B
1555 r. n B 1556 r. oTpeKrn OT rrpecmJia 363,

375, 376, 377(n), 412, 416, 419, 421, 422,
432, 440, 445
KapJI liypryimcKuii, repu:or 260

KapJI BeJIUKuii ( 742 - 814), CbIH Ilnrrnrra
KopoTKoro, BOeBaJI c caKcaMH, ,n:aT"laHaMH H
CJiaB.HHaMH 78, 82, 83, 86(n), 89, 97-103, 105,

106, 114, 118, 119, 120, 122, 123, 125, 127,
130, 135, 195, 260, 264, 271, 334, 341, 389,
480
KapJI JleonoJlbll., repu:or MeKJiett6yprcKlfii 447
KapJI JlbICbIH (823-877), HMrrepamp Ca.P.11.

119
KapJI CMeJlbrn ( 1433- 77), repu:or EypryHtJ:CKHii

330, 341
KapJI ToJICTbIK (839-888), HMrrepamp Ca.P.M.

120, 266
Kapua, HHtJ:HHCKHii repoii H3 npe,n:attlfii 22
Kapnn:ou lienetJ.HKT ( 1595 - 1666), 10pHCT no
rpa)KtJ:aHCKOMY npaay 458, 459, 504
Kacnap <l>on t1.ep Peen, Jil!Teparypoae,n: 216
Kacnap <f>oH TeiiTJie6eH, TIOpHHr. ,n:aop.HHHH 451
KaccHii ( ?-42 ,n:o P.X.), pHM. aoeH. rroJIHT.
,n:e.HTeJib 24
KaccHOlJ.OP (487-578), rrncaTeJib 77, 104
KaTHJIHHa (108-62 ,n:o P.X), ycTpOHJI 3aroaop

24
KaTOH YTif'leCKHH (95-46 ,n:o P.X.), rrpoTHBHHK
Qe3ap.H 526
Keuet1.o (1580-1645), Herr. nncaTeJib 523
KeBeHmJIJ1ep, O"leBHti:eu: 6e,n:crn11ii 30-JieTtteii
BOHHbI B fepMaH!fH 426
KeropH, HH,n:epJI. aoeHHbrii IfH)Kettep 428
KenRr, rrpHtJ:Bopttbiii rro::iT 523
KeHTep6epuiicKuii AHceJlbM (1033-1109), 3HaM.
CXOJiaCTHK If 6orOCJIOB 236
KeIIJiep MoaHH ( 1571-1630), aCTpottoM H omHK

466, 468(n)
KJiaii, OtJ:HH 1!3 octtoBaTeJieii «Op,n:etta rrerHHU:KHX
naCTyxoB~ (1642) 452
KJieiicT feHpHX <l>oH ( 1777 -1811 ), IIO::lTpoMaHTHK 270
KJieMau:HC, rrpocpeccop, rrepe,n:oaoii 6orocJioB,
pecpopMaTOp 346
KJIHuraop, CKa30"1HbIH rrepCOHa)K 201, 219
KJiOIIIllTOK <l>pH,ll;pHX foTJIH6 ( 1724-1803),
3HaM. II03T 200, 527, 528( n), 529
KJioTap II (584-629), MepoaHHrCKHii KOpOJib 82
KJiyaHp, 60TaHHK 389
KHeJIJ1ep ( 1648 -1723), rropTpeTHCT 512
Ko.JIYM6 XpHcTO<l>op ( 1492-98), HTaJI. Mope1rnaaaTeJib, OTKpbIJI AMepwKy 349
K0Hpat1., repu:or JiornpwttrcKHii H <DpaHKOHCKHH,
cyrrpyr JlYifTraptJ:bI - ,n;oqepH Orrorra BeJIHKoro

114

513
KoHpa/J, II (990-1039), KOpOJib H HMrreparnp
Cs.P.11., OCHOBaTeJib cppaHKOHCKOH AHHaCTHH

Jlen feHpux (fop/lbIR), repuor BpeMencKui1 CM.
Ilorr KottpaA 198, 329

KoHpatt B10p~6yprcK1rn ( oK.

Jleff6~ f OT<J>pHJl: 8HJlbfC.llhM ( 1646 - 1716 ),
3HaM. cpll.1Iococp, yqeHbIH, rrpe3H,l{eHT BpeMeHc-

KoHpatt <f>oH K10peH6epr, MllttHe3HHrep, asrnp
'i:Ilectt11 o H116eJiyttraXi> 214

JleM6JIH, eBpei1 u3 IIIacpcpray3eHa 229
JleoIIO.llb,'l, aBCTpMRCKllll repuor 217

130, 140
1225-1287),
BbIJJ.aI0w;i1ll:cH rro3T 317, 219

KoHpalJ. <l>paHKOHCKuU,

(990-1039), Kopo.1Ib H

HMrreparnp Cs.P.11., octtoBaTeJib cppaHKOHCKOH
AHHacTHH 121
K0Hpa11:, CBHll(eHHHK, rrepseJI Ha tteM. H3bIK
«ITecHb o PoJiaHAei> 198
Konepmm HHKoJiaii ( 1473 -

1543), octtoBaTeJib
466
KoppetvKHO AirroHHo ( 1494- 1534), IITaJI.
)KllBOIIHCeu 506
KopHeyc ll.E., AOKTOp TeOJIOfllll 481
Kox AyrycreiiH, ropo)KaHHH ll3 feMIOHAa 311
KpaHax JIYKa (CTapurnll:) ( 1472-1553), 3HaM.
)KHBorrttceu 509, 510, 512
Kpa<J>r At{aM ( 1460-1508), 3HaM. CKYJibmop
HIOpH6eprc. IIIKOJibl 508
COBpeMeHHOH acTpOHOMHll

KpeifrepMaHH, rr11caTeJib (.. .BoJirue6tthIH Jie'le6HHK) 1726 r. 482
KpemeH /J,e Tpya, II03T cpe,ruies. cppattu. TpyBep

12

B.

194•

KpncTO<I> 6aBapcKJtli:, repuor 310
Kporyc lloaHH (Crotus Rubeanus), AYXOBHbIH
OTeu «IlHCeM TeMHbIX JIIO,l{eJ:ii. 356
Kpyauyc MapTHH ( 1526 -

1607), rusa6CKttll:

xpoHOJIOr 461
Ky.llhMaH ( 1667 -89), rr11caTeJib-MHCTHK

456

KyHt{pIDI, rrocJiaHHttua fpaaJIH (tt3 «IlapuHBaJIHi>

205
250
(? =--567), KopoJib remmoB 78

KyH/J,ll;e, xy,l{O)KHHK 6oreMCKOM IIIKOJibI
KyHHMyHll:

K~ <f>oH .11.ep PoaeH, IIIYT MMrrepornpa MaKCH-

MMJittaHa I

435

Kypr <J>oH 6yprc/J,op<J>, o6ep-KaMeprep 6pattAeH6yprcKull: 394
Kyp<J>iopcT CaKcoHcKJtli: ( <Dplli'J.pttx MyApbril)
(1463-1525), yqpeAllJI B 1502 r. BttTTett6eprcKMH ytt-T 364
Jla6eo HoTKep, c.-faJIJibCKllll MOHaX

127, 286

JlaMIIpexT, CBHU(CHHHK, Ham1caBII1llll «IleCHb 06
AJieKcattApe MaKe,l{oHCKOM» 199
JlalIH,IJ, llmIOJIHT (1605- 78), rrpaBOBCA
Jlen, pHM. errHCKOII (452) 75
Jlen III [795-816), rrarra PuMcKui1
Jlen

82
X [1513-21], rrarra PuMCKllM 357

458

KOH aKaAeMttH ttayK

456( n), 457, 458

JleonoJlbA I ( 1640-1705), tteMeuKui111Mrreparnp

c 1658 r. 217, 428, 436, 437, 448
JleorrOJlbA ABcrpuH:cKuH:, repuor, y6m B BORHe
co llIBeJ:iuapttei1 rrpu 3eMnaxe B 1386 r. 330
JlecCHHf, 3cppaHM (1729-81), 3HaM. rrucaTCJib

526

83)' XHMHK 465
Jlunuii, Tur (59-17 llO P.X.), 3HaM. pIIM.
HCTOpHK 397
JluMHeyc lloaHH ( 1592 - 1663), rrpaBoBeA 458
Jlu6ep <l>oMa ( 1523 -

JlunnoJihA, cputtaHCHCT KypcpIOpcTa BpaHAett6yprCKoro lfoaxuMa II 445
Jloray <l>pUApHX <J>oH ( 1604 -

54), BblJJ.aIOll(llHCH

II03T 451, 456
JloiioJia llmaruH: ( 1491--1556), ocHoBaTeJib
opl{eHa 'i:l1e3yHTOB» B

1540 r.

377

JloKK .llxcoH ( 1632-1704), 3HaM. aHrn. cpHJIOcocp 458
Jlone /J,e Bera ( 1562-1636), 3HaM. ttcn. ApaMarypr 517
Jlorap (I),

(795-855), H3 poAa Kap110BHHroB,

CbIH JlJOAOBttKa B11aroqecrHBoro, uMn. CB.P.11.

[817-855] 119
JloaHIIITeiiH Kacrrap (1635-83), rrncaTeJib 522
JlyJtrep, )KHBOIIHceu tt3 MIOttcTepa tta'l.. 16 s.

509
Jluyrrapi11.a, AO% IIMII. 0TTOHa I, cyrrpyra repu.
JiornpIIHrcK. II <DpaHKOH. Kottpa,aa 114

(1773-1850), cppaHu. KOpOJib
[1830-48] 334
JIIO/l,BlfI' <f>oH CmeH, rpasep 512
JII0.11.0BHK (B11arolJ.eCTHBbIH) (778-840), llMII.
CB.P.11. 91, 107, 119
Jl10.11.0BHK III [879-882], H3 poAa KapJIOBIIHroB
107
JIIOi11.onHK XI <l>paH~yacKJtli: ( 1423 - 83), KopoJib
<DpaHuMH (1461-83] 334, 358, 270
Jl10i11.onHK XIV ( 1638 - 1715), Kopo11h <DpattuHII
374, 381, 390, 415, 439, 444
Jlyu-<l>HJIHIIII

JIIOAOBHK

xv (1710 -

74)' KOpOJib <DpattuIIH

444
JIIO/J,OBHK AHraJlbr-KereHCKuH

451

(?-1650), KHH3b

514
.lho.llOBHK 6aeapcKHii: ( 1284-1347), repM.
KOpOJib 336, 337
JIIO.llOBHK t(HTHT» ( 899 -

911), CbIH ApttyJibcpa

120
JIIO,llOBHK JleHHBblii

(966-987), cppaHIJ. KOpOJib

120

468
MeH,lloaa ( 1506- 75), ncn. noJIKOBO,'leIJ, ,'lHITJio-

JIIO.llOBHK, repIJor BaBapCK1Iii 442
Jl10Tep MapTHH ( 1483 - 1546), BeJIIlKilH pecpopMarnp Il3 3:H:cJie6etta, rrpocp. cpHJ1ococpuu B
BilTTett6. yH-Te, c 1512 - ,'lOKTop 6orocJIOBH.H,
rrepeBeJI Ha tteM . .H3. Bu6JIIlJO 353, 360, 361,

362, 363( n), 364, 365, 367, 374, 375, 376,
397, 445, 448, 449, 455, 467, 468, 474, 512
MaroMeT (MexMe,'l) IV, [1648-87], TypeIJKilH
cymaH 390
Ma:H:Molllf,ll Mouceii (1135-1204), esp. )"leHbIH,
TeOJIOr, BepoyquTeJib, HaI!lfCM Ha eBp. H3.
<1Mm1rna-Topa» 236
MeibmepK Ila,llep6opucKHii:, enucKon 123
MaKnaueJI.JIH HHKoJio ( 1469-1527), HTM. roe.
,'le.HTeJib u noJIHTuq. nucaTeJib 348, 458
MaKc cl>ou 36epmTeiiH, noJIKOBHilK JiaH)l.cKHexTOB, )"laCTHIIK «KOHHoro 6aJieTa» 442
MaKCHMlVIHaH I (1459-1519), uMn. CB.P.11. c
1493 pacnmp.HJI BJia,'lemm, noKpOB. HayKaM H
HCKyccTBy 169, 244, 333, 340, 341( n), 355,

359, 412, 416, 435
(1527-76), nMn. Ca.P.11.
385, 443
MaKcnMHJIHau 6aeapcKHii: ( 1573-1651), repIJor
380, 403

MaKCHMH.JIHau II

Mauu, CbIH TyttcKo, 11ereH,'lapHbIH po,'loHaqaJibHIIK HeMeIJKOrO Hapo,'la 29, 61
MauyaJib HUKJiac (HnKOJiaii) ( 1484-1530),
nrneiiIJ., .lKHBorrn:ceIJ, no::iT, roe. qeJioBeK

509,

517
Map6o,'l (Mapo6o,'l)

MaTcl>eu, ( 1557 -1619), KopoJib II nMneparnp
CB.P.11. 380
MeJiauxrou <l>woom ( 1497 -1560), pecpopMarnp,
«YqHTeJib fepMaHIIII» 397, 445, 448, 455, 467,

(?-37 tlO P.X.), BO)l(,'lb

ceBCKO-MapKoMaHCKOfO COI03a, opraHil30BM
KopoJieBcTBo B BoreMHII, Hey,'laqHo cpa.lKMCH c
ApMIIHileM 30
Map6yprcKuii Koupa.ll, i'lYXOBHHK JiaH,'lrpacpnHn
EJitt3aBeThI TIOpnttreHCKoii 234
MaprapHTa-Tepeaa ( 1651- 73), IICII. IImPaHTa,
cynpyra HMn. JieorrOJib,'la I 436, 438
Mapuii ( 157 -86 tlO P.X.),pnMcK. rroJIKOBO,'leIJ,
KOHCYJI 23, 24
MapKe, KopOJib II3 «TpttcrnHa n: l130Jib,'lbI» 206
MapTeJIJI Kap.JI (688- 741), repIJor cppaHKOB,
OCTaHOBHJI HarnecTBne apa6oB Ha Eapony B

732

r. 93
Marne, eBpeii n3 llla<P<Pray3eHa

1401 r. 229

MaT, 1rncaTeJib 449, 523
Memceu Orro, npocpeccop II3 JieiirrIJttra 414
Mepae6yprcKHii: ,lluTMap (975-1019), errIIcKorr,
3HaM. JieTOIIHCeIJ 127
Mepoueii, JiereH,a,apHbIH KopoJib cppaHKOB B 5 B.

82
MepoBllHflf, ,'lHHaCTIIH cppaHKCKHH KopoJieii
faJIJIHII 82
MepTeiiH 3UTTHX cl>ou 3Mc, HaqaJibHilK OTp.H,'la

423
MeIJJiep, O,'lIIH Il3 pyKoBO,'lIITeJieli KpeCTbHH.
BOCCTaHIIH 369
MHKeJI&WKeJio 6youopoTTH ( 1475- 1564), 3HaM.
IITM. XY,'lO)l(HIIK 506
MHKeJimmo (1396-1472), q)JiopeH. apx.,
CKYJibIITOp 506
MnxeJib, HapilIJ. HMH HeM. ropo.lKaHHHa 23
Moaep JIYK3, rnBa6cKu:H: xy,'lO)l(HIIK 509
MoJIHTop Y JlbpHX, ITIICaTeJih 504
MoHTeeyKyJIH (1608-81), aBcTp. <}>e.IIb,'lMaprnM,
rnaBHOKOM. B BOHHe c JlJO,'lOBIIKOM XIV 428,

437
Moucl>opT, rpacpcKoe ceMeii:cTBO 310
Moprau, KHH3b H3 ::inoca « TpIICTaH II JifaoJib,'la»

206
Mopun: fecceucKuii, JiaH,'lrpa<}>, opraHII30BM B
1599 o6pa3oBaTeJibHOe yqpe)l(tJ.eH. ,'lJIH ,'lBOp.HH
fepMaHIIH 450
Mopun; CaKcoucKHii: ( 1521 - 53), KypcpIOpcT, BBeJI
npoTecTaHTH3M II y6e,'lIIJI HMneparnpa KpJia V
npH3HaTb cBo6otly BeponcnOBe,'laHH.H 376, 377,

395, 440, 422
MonapT Bo.Jlbcl>ram

(1756-91), BeJI. KOMII03H-

rnp 514
Momepom fauc Muxe.Jlb ( 1601-69), m1caTeJibcaTnpIIK 451, 523
MypM I (1319-89), cyJITaH, no,'lqIIHHJI CBOeMy
BJia,'lbNecrny MHOJKeCTBO CTpaH 340
Mypuep ToMac ( 1475-1537), 1mcaTeJib,
cppattIJHCKatteIJ, rrponrnHHK JlJOTepa 168, 515
MyCKYJIYC, 6patt,'leH6ypr. rrpll,'lB. rrporroBe,'lHHK

444
M10JIJiep BUJibreJihM ( 1794-1827), 3aKottoBetl n
npaBoBe,'l 45
M10JIJiep IleTp

(1640-96), rrmT 458

515
MK>Hcrep XpHCTHaH ( 1489-1552), )"IeHbIH
MIOHIJ;ep ToMac (1489-1525), rrporro.ae,n:HHK
PecpopMaUHH, yqaCTHIIK KpeCTbHH. BOCCTaHHH

367, 368(n)
HanOJreoH I ( 1769-1821), cppattu. IIMrreparop
.l(HHaCTIIH EottarraproB 424
Hapaec (472-568) 78, 79(n)
HaccaycKHil: A,noJlbcp ( 1292 - 98), KopoJib repM.,
rrorn6 B 6IIrne rrpII feJIJmreiiMe 334

HeaH,n:ep MIOOUl.JI ( 1515-95) pyKoB. HJibcpeJib.l(CKOH cpnJioJioro-reoJiortt'lecKoil IIIKOJihr 458
Heii6ep <I>pe,n:epmca Kapo.1111Ha, aKrpuca B
Jleii:rrunre 526
HeiiMapK, rro31 515
HHKJiac (cpoH CaJibM), rpacp, yqacTHHK rnretteHH.sr <l>paHUHCI<a I rrpII IlaBHH 423
HHKJiac <t>oH BHJie, rrepeBo,n:qnK 15 B. 514
HHKoJiaii II ( 1059- 61 ], rrarra PttMCKHH 132
HHTrapT, ancrpuilCKo-6aaapcKHH rro3T 218
OKTauHaH (A1nycT) faii IOJIHii Qeaap& (63-14
.no P.X.), Hi pHM. HMrreparop 24
OJieapnyc A.naM ( 1599 - 1671), caKcotter~,
yqeHbIH, rrucaTeJih, rryreIUecrneHHHK 390
o~ Mapnm ( 1597 -1639), rrmr-rrarpHOT 452,

520, 521, 526
OnneHreiiMep 3rocc (? - 1738), eBpeil-qmttaHcncr repuora BropreM6eprcKoro 446

OpaHcKHil: BHJlbreJlbM (1533-84), rrpirnu,
rrpaBttTeJib foruratt,n:HH 39 5

OcBaJlb,n: <{loH BoJlbKeHimeiiH ( 1367 -1445),
pbIUapcKHH II03T 220

Orro, KHH3b rettttett6eprcKnii: 310
Orro <f>on 6o.n:eHJiay6e, rrmr 216
OrroKap 6oreMcKHii, pbruapb 334
0TTOKap <l>oH fopHeK, coBpeMeHHilK JlHXTeHIUTeii:tta 171, 212

Orrou I (BeJIHimii:) (912-973), CbIH fettpttxa I,
KOpOJIH fepMaHHil 23, 114, 122, 123, 127, 128,

135, 480
Orrou II (954-983), KopoJib n nMrr. Cn.P.11.
123, 126, 128
0TTOH III (980-1002), KOpOJib Il HMII. CB.P.I1.

123, 130
Or<{lpHJI., Mottax H3 Beii:cett6ypra, .npeBHeii:IIInii:
1mca1eJih 107

IlaJIJia.zvm Aff.n:pea ( 1518-80),

IlaCKIUlb 6Jie3 (1623-62), cppam~. MbICJIHTCJib,
cpH3HK, MaTeMaTHK 456

reorpacp 460

3HaM. HTaJI. apx.,

HaIIHCaJI rpaKTaT 06 apxHT-pe 506

Ilapal]eJlbc Teo<{lpacT (1493-1541), IIIBeii:IJ.
Bpa'l, <iOTeu~ cpapMalleBT. XIlMilll 465( n)

Ileiiep6ax feopr (1423-61), )"IeHbIH 465
IlecKapa, MapKH3, aoetta'laJihHHK HMII. KapJia V

422, 423
Ile-reH6eK Map&JI, cyrrpyra BHJibreJibMa EaBapcKoro 445

IleTepceH MoaHH, xpoHHCT (romIITIIHCKasr
xpOHHKa) 460

Ilerp I ( 1672-1725), rrepBbIH HMrreparop
BCepoCHHCKHH 447

IlerpapKa ( 1304-94), IlTaJI. JIHpHK Il ryMaHHCT

347, 449
Ilnii: II (IlnKKOJIOMHHH 3tteil CttJibBttii:), (145864], rrarra PttMCKHH 300
301, 350, 514
Ihnnnr KopoTKHii: [751 - 768], 1-ii: KopoJih
cppattKOB H3 po.na KapJIOBIIHfOB 82

IIHpKreiiMep BWill6aJlbJJ. (1470-1530), ryMaHHCT, OTCTaHBaJI e,ZJ;HHCTBO fepMaHHil 352, 460

lloJl.)IOto, IlTaJI. rryreIIIeCTBCHHilK B fepMaHHH

302
IloMITeii (106-48 JJ.O P.X.), pnM. rroJIKoBo.neu

24
IlprutecKHii: Teo,llopux, .lKHBorruceu 6oreMcKoil
IIIKOJibI 250

llperayaep fOT<{lpHJI., .l(eHTCJib rearpa B Bette 525
Ilpo6cT IleTep, .l\paMarypr 516
IlpoKonnii: (KecapHHCKHH) (Kotteu VB. -60 VI
B. ), BH3aHTHHCKHH IICTOpHK 42, 7J

IlyJlb'IH Jl)'HJl,)KH ( 1432-87), HTaJI. rmcareJih

449
II<{le<{l<{lepKOpH, eapeii, rrpIIHHBIIIIIH xpttcmattCTBO, BbIXJIOITOTaJI y HMIT. MaKCHMHJIHaHa B
1509 r. yKa3 0 CO.lK.lKeHHII Bcex esp. KHilf KpOMe
EII6mrn 355
Il<{lHHI]HHf MeJlbxuop, JIHTeparop II 1mcaTeJib

213
Pa6eHep foTJIH6 BHJlhreJlbM (1714- 70),
caTHpHK 527

PaJJ,araiic, repuor coro3Hhrx repMattue.a, oca.nttJI
Cl>JiopeHUHIO B 405 r. y6HT 74

Pa,llOO,ll, cppH3CKHH KHH3b 91
PayBoJlb<{l, npaq-rryrerrrecrneHHHK 390
PayJlb-JJ,e-fyJJ,aH, cppattu. rpyaep 194
PacpaaJlb CaHm ( 1483-1520), HTaJI. xy.l(O.lKHHK

357, 506
Pam HoaHH, H3JlaJI B 1582 «PyKoBo.l(crno K
BHHO.l(eJIHIO~

388

Pe6MaH <I>pllllll, yqacTHHK KpecTbHH. aoccraHHH
1525 r. 369

516
Pereuc6yprcKHii: 6epTOJlbtJ. ( 1220 - 72), nponoBeAHilK 231, 232
PerHMoHTauyc (MH.1I.71ep) HoaHH ( 1436- 76),
yqeHb!H, MaTeMaTIIK, aCTpOHOM 465
PeiiHMap <}>ou QeeTep ( 1200 - 1252?), IT03T,
nocJieAoBaTeJih BaJibTepa cpoH <DoreJibBeHAe

216, 219
Peii:cuep MaM, BOeHHbIH m1caTeJib 460
Peii:x.mm HoaHH ( 1455 - 1532), ryMaHHCT n
pecpopMarnp 351, 355
PeM6paHIJ.T Batt Peii:H (1609-69), 3HaM. roJIJiaHACKHii JKilBOITilCel( 507
PHKKapJJ,Hc, cecTpa, yqemm-HaCTaBHill\a PocBilTbI

128
PHHr fepMaHH, MIOHCTepcKHH JKilBOITHCel\ 509
PHHrBaJih/J., peJIHrno3HbIH IT03T 515
PHHtJ.<}>Jieii:m, ABOpHHHtt-y6Hii:l(a eBpeeB B 1298 r.

227
PHc, peJIIlrH03HbIH IT03T 515
PHCT HoaHH, ocHOBaTeJih «dJih6cKoro Jie6eAHHOro opAeHa>,> 452
Puxap,ZU1ca, cyrrpyra mm. KapJia ToJicTOro 266
PmueJlbe ( 1585-1642), cppaHl\. KapAIIHaJI 374
PoaaMYH.ll:a, AOqb KyHI1MyHAa, JKeHa Nih6yntta,
KopOJrn Jiottro6apAOB 78
PoaeHILJDOT (IIIHelillepep) fattc, ApaMarypr
15
B., no3T 11 JIHTeiim1m nyrneK, Il3 H10ptt6epra 516
PoJiaHA, rrJieMHHHilK HMIT. KapJia BeJIHKoro 195,

196, 198
PoJIJ1emareH feopr ( 1542-1609), nponoBeAHilK,
peKTOp B MarAe6ypre Il carnpHK 516
PoceHTa (fpocBina), MottaxHHH, nHcaTeJihHHl\a

127, 129, 166
PoTPy11.a, AO% HMn. KapJia Bemmoro 102
Py6euc IleTP-IlayJlb ( 1577 -1640), 3HaM. cpJiaM.
JKilBOITilCel( 507
Pytl.fapT, nepeBoAqHK Ha HeM. H3bIK 406
Py.ll;oJlb<}> II (1552-1612), H3 AHHaCTHH fa6c6yproB, 11Mn. CB.P.11. [1576-1612] 380, 446
PyAOJlb<}> fa6c6yprcKHii: (1218-91), HMnepaTOp
CB.P.11. 334
Py.ll;OJlb<}> fa6c6yprcKHii: (1552-1612), HMnepaTOp 244, 262, 288
Py11.0Jlb<1> 3MCCKHH, pbll(apb, IlllCaTeJib 212
PynpexT, ncpaJibl(rpacp 261
PynpeXT Il<}>aJlbl(CKHii: [ 1400 - 10 ], IlMIIepaTOp
• CB.P.11. 337
Py<l>HH, raJIJI, MilHilCTp BocToqHoii: P.H. 74
PyreH,ll;aC <l>HJIHJill ( 1662 - 1742)' 6aTaJibHhIH
JKilBOITHCel( 512

ProKcHep feopr, rrncaTeJib-HCTOpHK phII(apcrna

460
Ca6HHa, JKeHmHHa-cKyJihITTOp 251
CaBouapoJia ):l:lKHpoJiaMo (1452-98), maJI.
pecpopMarnp 348
CaKc fauc ( 1494-1576), IT03T-Meii:cTeH3HHrep

320, 449, 517
c~ <}>oH IIy<l>eHJJ.oP<I> (1631-94), npaBOBeA

17 B., cpHJIOCOcp 458
Crreuep <l>HJIHIIlI SIKOB ( 1635-1705), octtoBaTeJib
n11ern3Ma 459( n)
CattcOBHHO (TaTTH) &orro ( 1486-1570), l!TaJI.
apx. n CKYJibIITOp B03pOIKAeHHH 506
CBHH/1.C A.ru.6epT, BOJibHhIH rpaqi (cpeMrepnxTa)

278
CerHMep, 6paT CerecTa, BOJKJ.J:jl xepycKOB 26
CHBHJIJla, tteBeCTKa JKeHbr repr~ora I1oattHa
BttJihreJihMa 446
CurnaMYH/1. (1368-1437), repM. rrMrr. Cn.P.11.

279, 308, 338, 339, 340
Cmyu, repmrmI «Ilapl\IIBaJI.sJ>,> 180, 204
Cm<}>yccoH CeMyHtJ. ( 1056-1133), HcJiaHACKIIii
yqeHbIH 51
CHtJ.Heii:, qipaHl\. yqeHbIH 458
CHJJ,oB AHua, JIIITeiirruma 445
CHaH<J>, Haplll\.HMH («Harrpactthrii TPYA>,>) 235
CHMOH 11.e Typue, rrapm1<c1<nii 6orocJIOB 231
CHpJIHH Hopr, xyAo)I(HHK 508
CJie~attyc HoaHH (1506-56), rrncaTeJib 460
CoecT Hapeuc <Pou, )I(JIBonncel( peJI11rno:moii
lllKOJ!bI 16 B. 509
Co<}>oKJI (496-406 AO P.X.), BeJI. rpeq. rro::nApaMarypr 252
Cneuep (IIIrreuep) <l>wnmrr &oe ( 1635 - 1705),
rrncaTeJib, ITHeTIICT 45 7
CrrepaTYC, IT03T 515
CnHHoaa (1632 - 77), cpuJiocoqi 45 7, 458
CnopK, rettepaJI 30-Jiernen Bontthr 425
CTaJlbrau11, reHepaJI 30-Jierneii BOHHbI 425
CTe<l>au ( 1380), MaCTep, yqeHHK MacTepa BilJ!hreJihMa 250
CTHJIHXou <l>JiaBuii: (395), pHM. rroJIKoBoAel\,
rrpasnTeJih 3arr. P.H. 74, 75
CTPaHHIUCHii Hoae<I> (1676-1726), aBcTp. a1<TepApaMarypr 525
CTYPJIYCCOH CuoppH ( 1178-1241 ), nCJI. no3TCKaJihA 52
CTIOapT EJIHaaBeTa, ueBecTa KyprrpHHl\a <DpHApHxa 450

517
Cyao feHpHX ( 1295- 1366), MHCTHK, MllHHe3HHrep 232
Cy.1JJ1a Jlyl(llli KopHeJIHii ( 138- 78 ao P.X. ),
pHM. fiOJIKOBoaeu 24
TaHrYaep, rroaT 218
TapTar.11Hii, HTaJI. MaTeMaTHK-opyJKeiiHHK 421
Tay.11ep MoraHH (1300-61), MHCTHK, rrucaTeJib,
ITpOITOBCJJ;HIIK 232
TaIJ.HT KopHeJIHii (53-117), pIIM. IIcropIIK 27,

28, 29, 30, 34, 39, 43, 47, 68, 280
TBUllfep HKOB <}>oH KeHurcro<}>eH, xpoHIICT
( 1386) 3Jib3aCCKM II CTpac6yprCK<l}! xpoHIIKa)

228, 318
TeiiH ( t552), KOpOJib OCTfOTOB, nan B cpaJKemm
rrpII KyMax 77
TeiixHep feiittpnx, m1careJib 514
Teo.n.opHX (454-526), KOpOJib OCTTOTOB c 493 r.

77
TeOAYJib<}>, errIIcKorr, yqacTHIIK co6paHHH yqeHbIX
y KapJia BeJIHKoro 102
Tepem.udi lly6.llHH (192-159 ao P.X.), pnM.
II03T-KOMC,ll.IIOrpacp 129
TWLllH MoraHH ( 1559-1632), rpacp, IIOJIKOBoaeu

424, 425
THXo .n.e Bpare ( 1546-1601), 3HaM. aaTCKHH
acrpOHOM 466
THl(HaH ( 1477 - 1576), JKHBOITIIceu BetteuIIaHcKoii lliKOJibl 506
ToMaaHii XpHCTHaH ( 1655-1728), ropIIcT 414,

457, 458, 504
TopKBeMaAa ToMac ( 1420 - 98), BeJIIIKIIii
HHKBI13HT0p 11crraHllll (c 1483) 234
ToTH.lla [541-552], KOpOJib ocrroTOB 77
TpefutaayepBeim MapKc, ceKperapb nMrr.
MaKCIIMIIJillaHa I 212
TpeTe.llJ'Hii OJia<}>, nrne.n.cKIIii KopOJib, rrpHHeceHHbIH B JKeprny 59
TpHTeMlfYC MoaHH, yqeHhiii a66ar 352
Tpmiell,llop<}> BaJieHTHH ( 1490-1556), pyKoBoaHTeJih fOJib,ll.6eprCKOH lllKOJibl 458
TyncKo, 6oJKecrBo, ero ChIH MaHH - rrpapo,ll.HTeJib
repMam\eB 29, 61
TypHeiicep JleoHrap.n., Jieii6-Meti:IIK Kypcpropcra
Epattii;ett6yprCKoro 469
TypHMaiiep-AueHTifHYC MoaHH, xpoHHCT 16 B.

460
TypH-TaKcnc <l>paHU,, rrepBbIH rroqTOBbIH pa6mHIIK fepMaHlllI 412
TypcKHii fpuropHii ( 538 IIJIM 539 - 593 IIJIH 594),
errIIcKorr Typa c 573, aBmp «11cmpuu cppaHKOB» 82

TycueJlb,ll.a, JKeHa ApMHHIIH, ,ri:oqb Cerecra 25
Tp10rmaccoH 0.11a<}> (969-1000), HOpBeJKCKHH
KOpOJib 92
Y JI<}>nJia (311-383), rrepeBo,ri:q11K B116Jin11 Ha
fOTCKHH .H3b!K, errncKOIT fOTOB, CB.HTOH 71( n),

282
Y.11bpHX, CB.HToii, rrarpoH r. Ayrc6ypra 310
Y .llbpHX B10pTeM6eprcKHii, repl\or 386
Y.11bpHX <}>oH BpaymuBeiir, m1careJib 522
Y .llbpHX <}>ou BHHTepUITerreH, rroar, MHHHe3HHrep

217
Y.llbpHX <}>oH fyrreH ( 1488-1523), 3HaM.
ryMaHHCT 352, 353( n)
y JibpHX <}>oH 3HHreH6epr' IT03T' MIIHHe3HHrep

217

y .llbpHX <}>oH JIHXTeHllITeibt, lllTllpHHCKHH pbll\apb
171-174
Y .llbpHXHH Auna E.11HaaueTa, MemaHKa 481
YHpecT HKoB, aBcrpniicKnii Jiemnncel\ 169
<l>aJihU. fauc, apaMarnqecKnii rrHcaTeJib 516
<I>apac, noJIKOBoael\ (ocaJK,ll.aJI feJIHMepa B
533 r.) 73
<l>eJIHKc <(JoH Bep.n.eH6epr, rpacp, rrpocJiaBtWCR
y6HHCTBOM B 1511 r. 392
<l>eJlb.n.eKe feHpHX, oreu rrpu,ri:BopHOH IT033HH
( 1175 r.) 199, 201, 216
<I>eo.n.ocHii (408-450), pHM. HMrrepamp 73, 74
<I>eml>amm BuaaHTHiicKaH, cyrrpyra Orrotta III

123
<I>ep.ll.HHaH.ll. I (1503-64), HMn. CB.P.11. c 1556

380
<I>ep,ll.HHaH.n. II ( 1578-1637), uMrr. CB.P.11. c

1619 435, 444
<I>ep,ll.HHall,ll THpo.llbCKHii, 3pl\repl\or 445
<l>epHHrep, 6yprneiicTep r. Hrop,ll.JIHHreHa 502
<I>ureiipac fHJibeM, noaT-pecpopMamp 13 B. 194
<l>HJ1all,llep «t>oH 3HTTeBaJlbT, m1careJib, csn.n;ereJih
yJKacoa 30-JieTHeii BOHHhI 426
<I>wnmn I, Jiattarpa<P reccettcKHH (Haqano 16 a.)

434, 445
<I>wnmn II (1523-98), KopoJib 11crramm 377
<l>HJIJfJJJJ foreHIIITaylf>eH ( 1177 -1208), KopoJib
repM. 217
<I>wnmn KpaCHBhdl: ( 1268-1314), cppaHl\.
KOpOJib 337
<l>wnmn:-AurycT <l>paHU,Y3CKHH ( 1165-1223),
KopoJih <DpaHUHH 113 po.n;a KanenrnroB 261
<I>wnmn:-<l>paHIJ,, peiittrpacp 439
<l>HHHrYepp Maao, MacTep H3 <DJiopeHUlIH,
ll306peJI rpaBHpOBaHHe 512

518
<l>umapT MoraHH (1545 HJIH 1550-89), 3HaqHT.
caTHpHqecKHH rmcaTeJib 395, 449, 487, 516,

520(n), 523
<l>umep EpJiaxcKUil: (1656-1723), 3HaM.
apxIITeKTOp 507
<l>umep IleTep ( 1455-1529), CKYJibmop no
6poH3e 508
<l>JieMMHHr IlaaeJI ( 1609 - 40), Jiyqnmii: IT03T
17 B. 521
<l>oMa <t>oH A6cnepr, ,n;Bop.HHHH, 3anmHaBrnrrii:
qecTb y6rrii:CTBOM 392
<l>occ Da.JlhTaaap, cy.n;h.H KoJI,n;yHoB rr Be,n;bM B
<DyJib,n;e 503
<l>paHK CeaacTHaH ( 1499-1545? ), nrrcaTeJib,
co6rrpaTeJib ITOCJIOBHll 313, 314, 375, 460
<l>paHKe ABrycT fepMaH ( 1669-1727), OCHOBaTeJib nrreTH3Ma 457
<l>paHKo, MacTep H3 KeJibHa, My3. TeopernK 251
<l>paHu;HcK I( 1494-1547), cppaH11. KOpoJib [151547] 358, 363, 396, 418, 422, 423, 444, 449
<l>paHQHCK <t>oH 3marnreH ( 1481-1523),
pbillapb, 0,ll;HH H3 BO:lK,ll;eii: ,ll;BOp.HHCKOfO BOCCTaHH.H 365( n)
<l>pe.n;eryu.n;a ( 545 - 597), :lKeHa XHJihneprrKa,
KopoJI.H .n;1rnacTHH MepomrnroB 82
<l>pell:.n;aHK, ITHCaTeJib 13 B. 219
<l>pefiaHHreecKHfiOTToe, eITHCKOIT, 6rrorpacp
<Dprr.n;prrxa Eap6apoccbr 138
<l>pH,ZJ,pux, aBcTp. rep11or 217, 289
<l>pH.n;pHX I (6ap6apocca) (1123-90), rrepBbrii:
HMIT. CB.P.M. [1147-90) 138, 140, 141, 148,

182, 200, 234, 251, 261, 264, 336, 480
<l>pH,Z1,pHX II ( 1194-1250), HMIT. CB.P.I1., BHYK
Eap6apOCCbI 140, 143(n), 186, 217, 218, 231,

232, 234, 261, 264, 265, 288, 291, 329, 333
<l>pH,ZJ,pHX III (1415-93), KOpDJib [1440-86), HMIT.
CB.P.I1. [1440-93] 258, 278, 340, 350, 351
<l>pH.n;pHX III II<l>a.Jlhl(CKUil:, KypcpIOpCT 450
<l>pH,ZJ,pux BeJIHKHfi ( 1712 - 86), KopoJib 11pyccrrrr

507
<l>pH,ZJ,pux BIOpTeM6eprcKHfi, rep11or 16 B. 464
<l>pH,ZJ,pux 3a.n;opllhlii ABcTPHficKUil:, rep11or 13 B.

172
<l>pH,Z1,pHX IlpeKpaCHbrH ABcTPHfiCKUil:, npeTeH,n;eIIT
Ha HMIT. npeCTOJI ( 1322) 336
<l>pH.n;pHX <t>oe fare.nope ( t1754), nmT 523
<l>pH,ZJ,pux <Poe fyaee, noJT 216
<l>pH,ZJ,pux <t>oe Illne ( 1595-1635), rpacp,
He3yHT, npOTllBHHK npo11ecCOB npOTHB Be,ll;bM

455, 504, 515

<l>pHillJIHH Hmco.n;eM ( 1547-90), IT03T 386, 514
<l>pyaccap JKaa ( 1337 - 1410 ), cppaH11. rrcrnprrK

186, 317
<l>pye.n;c6epr (<l>poecrrepr) feopr ( 1473-1528),
BOHH HITMeparnpa KapJia v 422, 415, 416,

422, 423
<l>yrrep AHToe, npe,n;CTaBHTeJib 3HaTHOro 6aHKnpcKoro .n;oMa 397
<l>yrrep HKo6, rrpe,n;cTaBHTeJib 3HaTHOro 6aHKHpcKoro .n;oMa 400( n)
Xmpeyc llaBH,ZJ, ( 1530-1600), pecpopMarnp,
nocJie,n;oBaTeJib MeJiaHXTOHa 455
XJio.n;BHI' (BeJIHKHfi) (465-511), KOpOJib cppaHKOB H3 po.n;a MepoBHHroB 78
XpucTHaH II ( 1481-1559), .n;aTcKrrii: KopoJib,
IIIBe,ll;CKHH H HOpBe:lKCKHH 358
XpucTHaH II CaKcoecKUil: ( 1583 - 1611 ), KypcpIOpCT 446, 450
XpuCTHaH fo<l>MaH <Poe fo<l>MaHCBa.Jlh,n;ay
(1618-79),IT03T BTOpoii: CHJie3CKOH IIIKOJibl 521
XpHCTHaH <t>oe faM.11e, no3T 217
XpncTO<l> <t>oe feHHe6epr, rpacp, H36paH B
1525 r. peKTOpOM feii:,n;eJib6eprCKOfO yH-Ta 470
KeeeHrHJIJiep XpucTo<l> <l>paHI( <t>oe ( 1584 1650), rpacp, ncrnprrorpacp <Dep.n;rrHaH.n;a II

461
I.{aHKpH.n; BH.7Ibre.llhM, pbr11apb, noKa3aBrnrrii: cBoIO
CHJIY Ha COCnl3aHH.HX B Ayrc6ypre B 1470 r.

310
I.{acTPOBO BaP<t>oJioMett ( 1520 - 1603), rmcaTeJibrrcrnprrK 460
I.{axapnH IOczyc <l>pH,ZJ,pux BH.7Ibre.llhM ( 172677), ITHCaTCJib 527
I.{BeTepcKUil: PeifHMap, no3T 13 B. 219
I.{BHHrJIU y .llbpHX ( 1484 -1531)' IIIBeii11. pecpopMaTop, rrorrr6 rrprr KarrrreJie B cpa:lKeHHH c
KaTOJIHKaMH 354( n), 365, 375, 455, 515
I.{eaapb IOJIHH (100-44 .no P.X.), prrM. noJIKoBo,n;e11, ITHCaTCJib, HCTOpHK 27, 28, 30, 325, 924
I.{eaee <l>HJllfllll <Poe (1619-89), JIHTeparnp,
OCHOBaJI ~HeMe11Koe TOBapmuecTBO» B 1643

522, 452
I.{em6JioM fiaproJioMett ( 1450-55-1517),
xy,n;mKHHK 113 y JibMa 509
I.{e.llhTHC Koepa.n; ( 1459-1508), H3B. ryMaHHCT,
II03T 351
I.{epKJiap ToMaaHH, nmT 13 B. 219
I.{uBHJIUC (IOJirrii:), BOJK,ll;b 6aTaBOB H opram13arnp 6aTaBCKOfO MHTC)Ka 27, 36, 39

519
.Qmnpe<j> BHJihreJlhM ( 1591 - 1635), co6HpaTeJih
IIOCJIOBHII 460

lllreil:ureaeJlh feil:upux, rrHcaTeJib 15 B. 514
IIITeihrnap, II03T H3 IIIseii11apHH 218

lJeJI.llHHH lieHBeHYfo ( 1500- 72), HTaJI. CKYJibII-

lllrpmeJlh, HCIIaHCKHH TeOJIOf, rrpmKHBaJI B

rnp, JOBeJIHP 506
lJy,IUI 3fH.lll{ii ( 1505- 72), <1Illseii11apcKHii

IIITYPM lloaHH ( 1507-1589), pyKoso.n:HTeJib

fepo.n:on 460
lllanneJiep ( 14 72 - 1551)' CB.lIIl{eHHUK, COBeTHHK
KpeCTbHH. BOCCTaHHH 369

BeiiMape 469
CTpac6yprcKOH y'lettoii IIIKOJ!bl 458
lllynn liaJibraaap ( 1610-1661), TeOJior, rrporecram

523

lllaPJIOTa, KopoJieBa IIpyccKaH ( 1700) 448, 453

IlhoJieil:H faHc, xy.n:mI<HHK B cDpeii6ypre 509

lllapJioTTa-EJIHaaaeTa OpJieaHcKaH, repl{orHHH

36ep6ax IIeTp, coasrnp dlnceM TeMHbIX JIJO,neii»

445
lllayau6yprcKHii ~oJlh<j>, apxHerrHcKorr 508
lllayau6yprcKHii AHrou, apxHerrHcKorr 508
llla<j>Hep Mapnm, xy.n:mI<HHK yJihMCKoii IllKOJihI

509
IIIBannepMaHH, 3HaM. BOHTeJih H3 HIOptt6epra

336
II1Bap6ep Ilerp, 6yproMHCTp H3 CTpac6ypra 228
IIIBapu. BepTOJlh,ll,, MOttax-qipaHl{IICKaHeII, no
rrpe.n:attHJO OK. 1330 r. H3o6peJI rropox 242
llluapu.eu6epr lloaHH, COCTaBHTeJib yroJIOBHOrrpaBOBOfO Ko,neKca 458
lllaeifruep Yp6aH, CTpeJioK 310

356
3murap,ll, (3iimap.n:), TaHHbIH ceKpernpb H
6Horpaqi KapJia BeJIHKOro 102, 103
lliJlh Au,ll,peil:, MaCTep IIJiatta Perettc6yprcKoro
co6opa 249
<13Ma» (crnpIIIaH H MJIMIIIaH), .n:sa rrpo113se.n:eHHH .n:peBHeCKaHJI.HHaBCKOH JIHTeparypbl 42, 51,

107
3,11;eMaHHC IOpreu, rrpe,a:BOAHTeJib ,lJ;HTMap30B B
1144 328
3il:Ka <t>ou Peuroa, caKCOHCKHii pbIIIapb, cocrnBHBIIIHH B 1230 CBO,lJ; caKCOHCKHX 3aKOHOB
<1CaKCOHCKOe 3epIIaJIO» 262

IIIBeuK<j>eJlh,ll, Kacnap ( 1490-1561), rrHcaTeJib-

3K Hoauu (1486-1545), KaTOJIH'leCKHii rrnca-

MHCTHK 456
llleKCIIHp BHJihmt ( 1564-1616), Bb1,n. attrnHiic-

TeJib 455
3il:K fy6epT ( 1370-1426), MorattH ( 1390-

KHii .n:paMarypr 148, 522
lllepu6epr Teo,ll,op, cssimettHHK, .ll.PaMarypr 516

1441), Maprapern - 3HaM. ceMeiicrno xy.n:mKHHKOB <lJJiaHJI.pHH 507

lllePTJIHH CeuacmaH ( 1496-1577), MeMyapHcT,

3KKexap,ll,, MOHax H3 C.faJIJie, II03T 94( n), 97

<!JeJih,ll,raymMaH H3 Ayrc6ypra 396, 422, 460

3KOJiaMIIa,IUlyC lloaHH ( 1488-1531), peqiopMa-

IIIe<l><i>Jiep lloraHH ( 1627 - 77), MHCTHK-naHTeHcT

515
IIIBJIJiep <l>pH,ll,pHX ( 1759-1805), 3HaM. II09T

rnp, rrocJie,nosaTeJih Usnttrnn 455
3Jieouopa, rrpHHIIecca, ceCTpa HMrr. KapJia V

445

200, 205, 228
IIIBJIJIHHr ,llHeOO.llb,ll,, xpOHHCT H3 Jbol{epHa 267

3Jlh feupux, JieHIIl{HfCKHH CTyti:eHT CTOJieTHero

IIIHJlhTep lloaHH ( 1632-1703), cocTamueJih

3MMa, ,no'lb HMrr. KapJia BeJIHKoro 103

<!JyHJI.aMeHTaJibHbIX CO'IIIHeHHH-KOMIIeHHAYMOB

458, 459
IIIJieibc: Arneca, BOCbMHJieTHHH .n:eBO'IKa 481
lll.7uoTep Au,ll,peil:, apxHTeKTop H CTpoHTeJib 507
llIMeJlhl{ep feupux, 3HaM. aBTOp <1KOHHOfO
6aJieTa» 439
llloM6epr, ,a:sopHHCKaH <!iaMHJIHH 113 II<!iaJibl{a

396
lllourayep Mapnm, nrna6cKHii xy,ll,mKHHK 509
IllnHCC fauc, KpecTbHHHH H3 3TTHCBHJIJIH 267
lllrrpeurep HKOB, COaBTOp KHHfH <IMOJIOT se,a:bM
(KOJ!tJ:YHOB)» 492, 493

B03pacrn 470
3MMeJlh 3reHOJlh<l>, II3 <DpattK<lJyprn, H3AaJI 1-JO
e)!(ette,neJibHYJO ra3ery B 1615 r. 413
3uaHHfep, ceMbH apxnTe1<rnpos, py1<oso,nHJia
CTpOHTeJibCTBOM y JlbMCKOfO co6opa 249
3~o ( 1220- 72), 1<opoJib H3 po.n:a forettlllTay-

<!iettoB, rro6o'IHbIH CbIH 11Mrr. cDep.n:rrttatt.n:a II

140
3paaM PoTTep.n:aMcKHii ( 1465-1536), BeJIHKHii
ryMaHHCT 339( n), 352, 365, 406, 515
3pBHH <t>ou IIITeil:H6ax ( 1240-1318), apxHTeKTOp, OCHOBaJI CTpac6yprc1<yJO rJiaBH. XH)!(HHY

244, 249, 251

520
:3pHCT BJiaro11ecTHBbril:, repu;or CaKcett-foTCKJiil:

394

IOJIHaua, JiaHArpacpHH.II KacceJibCKM ( 1615)

446

IO.mrit lipayHllIBeiircKuii, reprror B 1605 r. B3.IIJI

:3pHCT lfoaxHM ( 1536-1586), KypqnopcT
AHfaJibTCKIIR

Ha cJiyiK6y Tpyrrrry aKTepoB

450

3pxamep, rpacp MeMaHCKHH

121

rnp

3cTUKaMllllanyc lfoaHH Pernyc, 6aJeJibCKJiil:
ryMaHHCT

HKOB

352

25]

311.lJ.eJlllHO, MyqlfTCJib, Ca,i:J,HCT

270

78, 239
I ( 1566 - 1625)' KOpOJib AHrJIHII [ 1603 -

389

HKoBeH liat1,eHCKIUI, MCCCMHHOBCKM iKCHa

IOJIHaH <l>JiaBuii K.Jiastt.uii (331-363), pHM.
IIMIIepaTOp

411, 518

IOcruHHaH (483-565), BH3aHTHRCKHi111Mrrepa-

reprrora IOJI11x-KJieBcKoro HoattHa-BuJibreJibMa

27

III 446

TOM II
A.JI. <l>on Illlleu;ep, cp:JIJIOCocp H IIOJIIIT. ACHTCJib

105

Ayepcnepr Heiinepr, KH.HrHH.H rrp11 ABOpe
MapuH-Tepe3HH

A66re, rrorryJI.HpHbrii cprIJiococp

105

30, 33, 235

Ayap6ax liepTOJlbA (1812-82), rrucaTeJib

235

A6paM-a-Camcra-KJiapa, apJieKHH eyxoBHOro
3BaHmI 24, 26

Axen6ax, xy.ll:OiKHHK, rrpuBepiKetterr ,1J;10cceJib.Qop-

Asrycr II CHJlbHbril: ( 1670-1733), Kypcp10pcT
CaKCOHCKJiil: 43, 45( n), 72

liaaAep <l>paHU ( 1765-1841), cpuJiococp,

Asrycr

III ( 1696-1763),

rroJibCKHR KopoJib

ABpeJIHii: MapK (121-180 AO
HMneparnp, qmJiococp-cTOJIK

45

P.X.), p11M.

AKKepMaH Koupat1, (1712- 71), ApaMarypr

128

P.X.), acp11ttcKHil:

AJ1b<l>uepu(1749-1803), HTaJI. II03T

95

56

91

AMaJIUH $on Bolirr, OAHa 113 AaM Beil:MapcKoro
o6rrrecrna

217

KaMCH!IIHKOB

84

36eprapAa-JlJOABrrra

46

liat1,eucKiril: JlroABHf ( 1655- 1707), IIOJIKOBOACII

141
liaae,AOB KapJI ( 1799-1854), aBTOp KpumqecKHX
CTaTeil: rrpOTIIB u;epKBII

94

Apucm<l>aH (oK. 445-385 AO

58

rrpycCKoro Kopoll.II Horncpa II

liaAe H.H.K., qJICH MaccottcKoii JIOiKH BOJibHhrx
lia,Aen-,ll,ypJiaXCKaH, rrputtrrecca, cyrrpyra reprrora

163

AJibuapu, aBTop yqe6mma JiaTHHCKoro .H3bIKa
AMaJIUH, Bei1MapcKM reprrornH.H

182

liasapcKaH HocmlJa ( 1739 - 67), BTOpa.H cyrrpyra

231

cpmrococp

MHCTHK

Ba6e<I> <l>pancya HoaJlb ( 1760-97), cppattrr.
cp!IJIOCOcp

89

Atl,oJlb<I> fycTaB ( 1594 - 1632)' llIBCACKIIR KOpOJib

AJiKUBHaA (451 -404 AO

190

cpcKoil: llIKOJibI

P.X.), AP· rpeq.

cp!IJIOCOcp H APaMaTypr 91
Ap11ttT 3pucr Mopuu; ( 1769 - 1860), rrpocpeccop

91, 105

liaiipercKaH, MapKrpacpuH.H, AO% <l>pUApttxaB:JIJibreJibMa I

40, 43

liaiipoH, JIOPA ( 1788-1824),

aHrJI.

II03T 234

liaKapMe, BHHOBHHK CKaHA. yr. rrpou;ecca B

169, 181
ApHHM JhoABur AxuJIJI
IIHCaTeJib-pOMaHT:JIK

<I>.

(1781-1831),

159, 160, 213

ApHOJlb,ll, MeJibHHK H3 Ilpycc11u, ero cyAe6HbIR

BeJibrHH
liaJlb3aMO

219
IKoae<I> ( 1743-94),

rpacp KaJiuocrpo,

CHIJ;HJIHHCKHH yqeHbIH-lllapJiaTaH

81( n)

crrop c rpacpoM lllMerray ( 1779) KopoJib

liaHAa feopr (1721-95), KOMII03HTOP 126

<l>pll,llpux pellIHJI B IIOJib3Y 1-ro, a cyAeii-

liap6epHHU, HTaJI. TaHIJ;OB!IIHIIa KOpoll.II <l>pUApH-

HaKa3aJI

143

ApHOJlb.llff, TpHpcKuiI errucrwrr 221
Acrapra, 6or11H.1I B .Qp. <l>HHHKHH 224

xa IlpyccKoro

51

liap.AT Kap;1 ( 17 41 - 92), JiuTeparypHbril: KpttrnK

104

521
.6apoH <l>oH foMIIeW, Bep6oBII:UIK B rrpyccKOM
apMIIII 137
.6apTeHWTeiiH ( 1689-1767), aBC'fP. MllHilC'fP 22
.liapTOJlbt( (1799-1858), IlCTOpIIK 48, 49, 183
.6accepMau, MllHHcTp-rrepeBepTbIIll 197
.6ayp XpucmaH ( 1792 - 1860), ocHoBaTe.Jib
ncTopnKO-!<PlITI!'IecKoro Kpy)l{Ka B T10fornrette
237
Bayap BpyHo (1809-82), cpmmcocp 236(n),
237
Bax lforaHH Ce6acTbmt (1685-1750), 3HaM.
KOMI!031IT0p f 26
BeWJJ, Ili.ep ( 1647 -1706), cppam~. 1mcaTeJJbryMaHHCT 102
Beiipeiic r oT<l>pM-KpHcTO<I> ( 1730 - 1809)'
reJibMillaTCKHH npocpeccop, Teococp-aJIXHMHK 82
.6eK, aKTep BepJIHHCKoro TeaTpa 129
BeKKep, )KYJIJIK-Macott, o6oKpaBillllM Kacey
op.aetta 82
BeJIJlb, aKTep BepJJHHcKoro TeaTpa 129
liyMHHf, yqeHblll MafHCTp, noceTilBillllll lllTOJib6epr B 1751 r. 68
BeimeMauH, XYJ.lO)l{HIIK HJ )lKJcce.JIMOpcpa,
AlipeKTOp aKa,aeMJIII )KllBOI!IlCII B )lKJcceJibAOpcpe [1859-67) 190
.6eu<l>eii TeoAop ( 1809 - 81), JIIIHrBHCT 182
Bep, cneuttaJIIICT no AP· JIHTepaType 184
Bepue Jlioromr ( 1786-1837), nttcaTeJib-KJMopttcT

233, 234
.6epHrap.au forr<l>pM ( 1800 - 75), cneunaJIHCT no
ApeBtte.H JIIITepaType 184
BepTyx, KaJHaqeii repuora BeiiMapCKoro 92
lieTTHHa <t>ou ApHHM ( 1785-1859 ), cec'f})a
BpeHTaHo, nncaTeJibHll!~a 153, 160
.6erxoueu JIIOlUIHf Bau ( 1770-1828), KOMno3IITOp f28(n), 191
BHJJe<t>eJlbA r.' nncaTeJib-ITYTeJ!IeCTBeHHIIK 50
I>mmep, KOMI!031IT0p 181
l>HcMapK Orro (1815-98), JHaM. IIOJIIIT.
AemeJib, KaHuJiep 238( n)
liHWo<l>cBepAep IIorauH PyAo.Jlb<l> ( 1741-1803),
o6cKypaHT II oprattnJarop TaiittbIX o6mecrn rrpH
<l>pllApIIxe-BnJibreJibMe II 60, 89
.liJiaH JlyH (1811-82), cpllJIOCOcp-yTOIIIICT 217
.6Jiay' yqeHbIM, IICTOpllK Il cpllJIOJ!Of 146
liJiyMayep AJroua ( 1755- 98), aBcTp. rrncaTeJib,
I103T 60
.6JiyMeu6ax IIoraHH ( 1752-1840), yqeHhiiicpII3IIoJior 125

BJIIOxep f e6raPT Jle6pexT ( 1742 - 1819),
rrpyccKnii rettepaJI-cpeJib.ZWaplllaJI 170, 171
BoAe, crreuIIaJIIlCT no .n;peatteii JIHTeparype 184
Bolieu r epMaH ( 1771 - 1848)' pecpopMaTop
rrpycCKoii apMIIII 165
Box <l>paHll, yqetthltt, qm.Jiococp 182
BoJieu IleTep (1796-1840), yqettbIH, JIIlHfBIICT
182
BouaJIM(1754-1840), cppattu. MIICTHKoKaToJinqecKnii nIIcaTeJib 220
Bmm<l>anttii (680- 755), CBHTOH 190
Bonn <l>paim ( 1791-1867), yqeHbIH, JIHHfBilCT
182
Boccroa ( 1627 -1704), cppaHu. rrIIcaTeJibrrporroBeAHIIK 72
6payuwueiircxffii <l>ept(Hllall,ll, (1721-92),
rrpycCKIIM MaplliaJI 141
BperwueitAep, rrpoTecTaHT-TeoJior 148
6peM, .n;emy6niiua HJ Peiirnirnretta 219
BpeHTauo KJieMeuc ( 1778-1842), rrIIcaTeJibpoMaHIICT 153, 159, 160(n)
Bpyu, rrcmpnK TeaTpaJibttoro HcKyccrna 184
BplOJlb feupux ( 1700-63), MIIHHCTp rrpH J.{Bope
ABrycra CHJibHOro 45
Bya, JIHTeparypttbIH peAaKTOp 114-116
ByMeu6poK, attrn. JIOpA-JIHTepaTop 102
ByuaeH XpucTHaH ( 1791-1860), cpllJ!ococprrpmecraRT, rrpnBep)Ketteu PecpopMaunn 197
ByprcTaJIJiep, rrpOTeCTaHTCKilM CB»meHHHK 224
BypKrapAT HKo6 ( 1818 - 97), IICTOPIIK TeaTpaJibttoro llCKyccrna 184
ByTepeeK (1766-1828), crreunaJincT no repMattcKoii Il CJiaBf!HCKOM HapO.l(HOM I!0331IH 184
ByTMau <l>HJJHJID ( 17 64 - 1829), cpHJIOJiorJIHHfBHCT 182
BroKJiep IIoraHH, rrpeABOAHTeJib paJ6oiiHHKOB
100
Broprep foT<l>PM ABrycT ( 1747 -94), rnopeu
HeMeUKOff 6aJI.Jia.QbI 114(n), 115, 116
Baareu fycTaB (Barett) ( 1794-1868), ucmpnK
TeaTpaJibHOfO IICKyccTBa, xy.n:. KpllTIIK 184
Bamep JleonOJlbA ( 17 47 - 79), rrucaTeJib, rrmiT
118
Bamep PnxaPA ( 1813- 83), KOMII03HTOp 191,
192(n)
Baiiu feopr (1813-86), HCTopnK-aHTporroJior
183
BaKKepuare.Jlb BHJlbre.JlbM (1806-69), crreunaJIHCT no JIHTepaType 184

522
BRKCMY'f 3pucT ( 1784-1866), 6norpacp,
HCTOpHK ITO BCeo6meii: KYJibT)'pe 183
B3.llJleHWTeiiH A.lih6peXT ( 1583 - 1634), HMITepCKHH rnaBHOK0MaH.1J:YIOillttii: 94, I 29
BaXJiep HoauH ( 1767 -1838), ncmpnK JIHTeparypbr 184
Be6eaep, KaMep-IOHKep MapKrpacpa reopraBHJibfeJibMa 46
Bernmeiitlep <l>pH.1J:p11X ( 17 66 - 1826), JittTeparypHbrii: KpHTHK I 48
BeiitlllX ( 1791-1837), IIaTpnoT 194
Beiiu6peHHep <l>pH.1J:p11X ( 1766-1826), apxnTeKTOp f90
BeiicrayIIT Atl;aM ( 1748 - 1803), uttroJibMTCKl!ii:
ITpocpeccop, ropncT 84
BeKep.llllH BWibreJibM .llio.zumr, rmcaTeJib,
JI116epaJI, ITy6Jil!Ul!CT' rreqaTaJIC5I B 1782 - 87 89
BeJibKep, 11cmpnK 194, 197
BeJihHep, a6cKypaHT 11 C03.IJ:aTeJib Taii:HbIX
o6mecrn 60, 89, 153
BeureJlb forr<J>plf.ll:, rnapJiaTaH 227
BeH.ll:, cTOJIHp 113 PocroKa 193
Bep6ep KapJI MapHB ( 1786-1826), KOMIT03HTOP

19/(n)
Bepuep, .1J:paMarypr 161
Bepuep A6pax3M forrJ1H6 ( 17 49-1817), reoJior

125
Bepuep UaxapWI (1768-1823), rrncaTeJib 160
Bepoueae, IT11poTeXHHK 47
BepTep IOJIHYC ( 1828), IT11caTeJib, aKTep 11
.1J:paMarypr 15, 93
Becceu6epr Hrnarnii (1774-1860), rrpoTecrnHTCKHH ITacmp, ITaTpllOT 147
Becrpuc,rrpll.ll:BOPHbIH KOMIT03l!T0p 47
BexTep KapJI ( 1797 - 1880), rop11cT, ITOJil!T .
.1J:e.SITeJib 185, 187
BH.ll:MBHH, aBCTp. llMITepaTOpCKllll ITOCJiaHHllK B
Hroptt6epre 73
BuaeJib IlayJIHHa, ITy6JI11qmUI )KCHilll!Ha
163
BHJI~ X.M. ( 1733 - 1813), IT03T, .ll:pyr llillJIJiepa 58, 72, 73, 79, 91, 93, 106( n), 107, 108,

111, 115, 116
BHJibreJibM OpaucKHii HaccaycKHii (1533-84),
Hll.1J:epJiaH.1J:. ITpl!HU 8
BHJibreJlbM <J>ou BIOKe6ypr, ITPll.ll:BOPHbIH ITp11
IlpyccKOM .IJ:BOpe 50
BHJibreJlbM <j>ou fYMOOJlbJO' ( 1767 -1835),
HayqHbIH Kpl!Tl!K 123
BHJibreJlbM II ( 1797 -1888), 11MITepamp 240( n)
BHJib,na BHJlbreJlbM ( 1800-56), 11cTop11K, rop11cT

185

BH.71b,nuc6yx MaprapeT 225
BWibKeH ( 1777 -1840), 11cTop11K 183
BHH6opr, IT11caTeJib 234
BHHKeJibMaH ( 1717 - 68), 11cmp11K, 11cKyccrnoBe.1J:

104(n), 105, flt, 126
BHHTep, CTOJIHp 113 ll:pe3.1J:eHa I 93
BHHTep<j>eJlbA, My3bIKaJibHbIH TeopernK I 26, I 4 I
BupmJIHii (70-19 .ll:O P.X.), p11M. IT03T 72, 73
BnpT, IT11caTeJib, 11cmp11K 183
BnpT feopr ABrycT, 113.IJ:aTeJib )KypttaJia «Die
Deutsche Tribune>.> 195
BHT (cpoH ll:ropp11ttr) (1800-63), 6yprn, IT11caTeJib I 79
BoJlbTep <l>paucya (1694-1778), cppattu.
cpllJIOCOcp, rrpocBeTJil!TeJib 51, 102, 103, 107,

115, 184, 185
BoJlb<j> Xpucrnau ( 1679-1754), cp11Jiococp,
ITpocpeccop 43, 62, 101, 102, 182
BoJlb<j> <l>plf.ll:PHX-ABrycT ( 1759-1854), cpl!JloJior, ITeAaror 123
BpaKcaJib, aHrJI. Typ11cT 31
BIOp6eu <l>oH, JiaH)l.I'ocpMeiicrep H3 BIOpreM6epra

46
fa6JIH.1J:OH, eBpeHCKHH qepHOKHll)KHHK, yMepIIIHH
.IJ:O P.X. 82
fa6c6ypm, aBCTp. KopoJieBCKaH .IJ:l!HaCTH.51 22,

26, 132, 140
fareu6ax KapJI ( 1801- 74), 1ICTOp1IK uepKBll

184
faiitlu llocu<J> ( 1731-1809), aBcrp. KOMIT03llTOp

126, 127( n), 128
faKepT <l>nJIUIID ( 1737 -1804), )Kl!Borr11ceu I 26
f3.llJlep KapJI .lho.neur <J>ou ( 1768-1854),
H.IJ:eOJior peaKuuu, 11cmp11K, IOpucr 175, I 84
faMaHH HoraHH feopr (1730-88), KpttTHKIT11caTeJib 94, I 12
fBMaxep, y611H:ua, rrpecryITHHK 219
faMJieT, Jll!T. o6pa3 IlleKCIIHpa 21
faMMep-IlypTWTaJib (1774-1856), aBCTp.
BOCTOKOBe.IJ: u .IJ:HITJioMaT I 82
fauu JIIOt(Bur <l>HJIUITn ( 1746-1814), ITl!CaTeJib

118
faHH-faH HAa ( 1805-1880), ITHCaTeJibHl!Ua,
OCHOBaTeJibHHUa MOHaCTblp.51 227
faHTreiiM HUKOJiall <l>on, eITHCKOIT TpttpcKHH,
H3AaJI KHttry 0 COCTO.SIHllll uepKBH ITO CTeITeHl!
3aKOHHOCTll ITaITbI I 46
fauc 3,nyap,n ( 1797 -1839), ¢1moco¢-roprrcT

185
fapaeii ( 1578-1667), attrn. Bpaq rr ¢113110Jior

105

523
fap~eJIJia, qmBopttTKa rep1(ora BropTeM6eprcKoro

49
faPAeH6epr (1750-1822), KHH3b, roe. Kaminep
Ilpyccm1 167
faprnr(1764-1837), yqeHbIH, JieCOBO,l{ 201
facaep, rraTep, JI:lKeqy,nornope1( 76, 77, 81, 82,

221
farrreJlb$ liepeMUit (nII1(IIyc), m1caTeJibpeaJ1IICT 235
fa yr I1. Cl>., rrepeBo,nqIIK 6epJie6yprcKoii 6II6JIIIH

69
fayrB~ ( 1752-1831), rrpyccKMii roe. ,ne.HTeJib

164
faynrr 3pHCT ( 1796-1859), HCTOpHK, IOpHCT

185
faym MopHI( (1808-74), Hcmp1m, cl>HJIOJior

183
fe6eJlb Moraaa IIeTep (1765-1826), rrttcaTeJib

123
fereJib <l>pHJJ;pHX ( 1770-1831), <PttJioco<P,
Jf.l{eaJIHCT 45, 218, 231( n), 232, 233
feepeH, IIHCaTeJib, KpHTHK 105
feii:aep, HCTOpIIK, repMaHHCT 183, 193
feii:He feapnx ( 1797 -1856), no3T H rry6mt1(IICT

105, 182, 233, 234( n)
feii:Haa Ap,zurnreJio, 6II6JittoTeKapb 6apotteccbI
<Pott Ky.nettro<Pett 62, 234
feii:Hae BHJibreJibM, TIHCaTeJib-C01(1faJilfCT 108
f eHpHX $OH K.Jieii:CT ( 1777 - 1811 ) , IllfCaTeJibpoMaHTHK 153, 164, 166(n)
feHJ.14>0H, ,l{HIIJIOMaT 175
r eKHHr' JI!fTeparypttbJH pe,naKTOp 114
feJIH Jbotumr, 1mcaTeJib, qJiett JIHT. Kpy:lKKa 114
feJIJiepT Kpucmaa (1715-69), nHcaTeJib,
MOpaJIHCT 72, 73, 79
feJIJITH faa, 1mcaTeJib 115
feJlbHep <I>piupux ( 1770-1853), 1mcaTeJibm1pHK 123
f eHrCTea6epr, lllfCaTeJib, OpTO,l{OKCaJibHblll TeOJIOf

181
feH,l{eJlb feopr (1685-1759), KOMIT031fTOP 126
feueJIJIH 3pacT IOJIHYc ( 1811-91), cKyJibmop,
npo<Peccop aKa,n. xy,no:lKecTB 190
feapux, 6paT Cl>pM.l{pHxa BeJIHKoro 141
feapux XXIX, K'HH3b Perre, ,npyr ll.,Htt1(ett,nop<Pa

67
feHJ.1 <I>p~ux «il>oH (1764-1832), ceKpeTapb
BettcKoro Kottrpecca 153, 161, 163, 173, 174
fempep (?-1796), yqettbIH 142

fepBHffYC feopr ( 1805-70, HCTOplfK,

llllC<ITL'.'lb

183, 184(n)
fep,nep ( 17 44-1803), mtcaTeJib, cpttJiococpKocMorroJIHT, II03T 93, 113(n), 118, 125, 147,

149, 157
fepeH, llCTOpHK 183
r epHHr AJieKCHC BHJlbreJlbM ( 1798 - 1871 ) ,
poMaHHCT 186
fepMaHH 3pacT MoJlb$ (1812-1884), ucTopttK

116, 182, 183
fepMec (1775-1831), cl>HJiococp, 6orocJIOB 146
fepocrpaT, rpeK II3 r. 3<Pec. B 356 r . .no P.X.
c:lKer xpaM ApTeMM,l{bI 3cpeccKoii qm6b1 o6eccMepTHTb CBOe HM.II 49, 69
feppec .Aoae«I> (1776-1848), IIHCaTeJib,
cpmmco<t>, ny6JIH1(HCT 153, 169, 174
fepcTea6epr feapux $oH (1737-1823), IOpHCT,
ocpH1lep, aBmp BoeHHbIX neceH 116
fepmep <I>piupux «il>oH (1792-1844), apxnTeKmp 190

r ep11orHHS1 OpJieaHCKaSI

22

fecaep CoJIOMOH (1730-88), rrrneii1(ape1(,
TIHCaTeJib-IT03T 107
Kap.11 fecceacKHii, rrpIIH1(, HaMecTHHK lllJie3BHrfoJib11ITeiitta 81
feTe lioraHH BoJlb4>raar ( 1749-1832), Bbl,l{aIOII(. lllfCaTeJib, MbICJIIITeJib 58, 71, 72, 74, 81,

91, 92, 92(n), 105, ff6, ff8, ff9, 122(n),
123, 125, 127, 129, 136, 147, 148(n), 149,
150, 157, 159, 231, 243
femep fepMaH ( 1821-82), HCTOpHK, KYJihTypoBe,n 184
fe$Tep AerycT-BHJlbfeJlbM ( 1796-1880),
lfCTOpHK, IOpHCT 185
fe11 93, 190
fuaeJiep, HCTOpHK, KYJibTypoBe,n 184
fuaep6pexT, rrHcaTeJib 183
fHJIJ1e6paH.l{, lfCTOpHK-IIHCaTeJib 184
fuJIJiep lioraaH MaM ( 1728-1804), KOMIT03Hmp 126
fHJlb,ne6paH.l{ Bpy1m ( 1812- 78), 3KOHOMHCT II
CTaTlfCTlfK 190
fmmeJib Teo~op r OTJIH6 4>oH ( 1741 - 96) 111
fu11ur, cpHJIOJIOf' JllfHfBifCT 182
f .11eilM lforaHH-BHJlbreJlbM ( 1719 - 1803),
IIHCaTeJib 93, 107, 115
fJIJOK XpucTO$ (1714-81), KOMITo3HTop 126,

127(n)

524
fHeiiaeHay ABrycT BHJibfCJlbM ( 1760-1831),
npyccKIIH rettepa.rr-cpeJib,TJ.Mapwa.rr

165

77

JIIICT, 11ccJieAOBaTeJib

fo,llHU;, MapKrpacp

94
foJlb6ax IloJib AHpII (1723-89), MaTepIIa.rrIICT,
3Hll,IIKJianeAIICT 103
foMep, AP· rpeq. nmT 9 B. AO P.X. aarnp
<\l1JIIIa)J;bl!> II «0AIICCCII~ 72, 73, f 13
fopal(Hii (65-8 ,TJ.o P.X.), pIIM. nmT, cp1IJ1ococp,
MOpa.JIIICT 51
fopMaii:p, rmcaTeJib 173, 183
JIIIT. KpyJ1ma B r. MIOHU.epe

foppec, rmcaTeJib, II3AaTeJib JKyptta.rra «KpacHbIH

152

MaHMPma II3 BpeMeHa

219

foTUJeA MoraHH XpHcTOcl>op ( 1700 -

fyM60.llbl(T BHJlhfCJibM ( 1767 -

1835)' JIIIHfBIICT,

93, 156, 167

apxeoJior

cp1IJiococp-Aou.eHT

fyHMHHf' npe3IIAeHT aKai:i;eMIIH ttayK, TaHHbIH
cpIIH. coaeTHIIK <I>pn:ApIIxa BIIJibreJihMa I
fypaii:ep, HCTOpHK 6IIorpacp

42

183

fyprep <l>pHl(pHX, rnaaa rrpOTeCTaHTCKOH u.epKBH
B lllacprayJeHe II B TO JKe BpeMH TaHHblll
KaTOJIHK

161

fyTcMyT, OCHOBaTeJib fllMHaCTIIqeCKOH llIKOJibl

73, 10 7

125

Kpy.JKKa <'II0Ha.R fepMaHIUI~

235

235

234

fcl>popep, n:crnpIIK, KYJibrypoaeA

184

fro6Hep, XYAOJKHIIK, npIIHal(JI. K AIOCCeJibAOpcpc-

190
(1717-83), cpp. Mb!CJIHTCJib, 3HU.IIKJIOITeAIICT 102
A' Ap:iKapttc, cppattu.. cpHJiococp 51
t(aJibMaH <l>pMpHX XpIIcmau ( 1785 - 1860),
llCTOpIIK, ITOJIIIT. Ae}!TeJib 183
KOH wKoJie JKIIBOIIIICU.OB

focl>MaH 3pHeCT Teonop AMB,TJ.eii: ( 1776-1843),
ITIICaTCJib cpaHT.-poMaHT. HanpaBJieHIIH

160,

161(n)
focl>MaHCWl.llbAay ( 1617 -

fycl>e.11affl( XpHCTOcl>op ( 1762-1836), apaq,
fyJlKOB Kap.11 ( 1811- 78), rrHcaTeJib, qJieH

fo<l>MaH <l>oH <l>aJIJiepc.11e6eH ( 1798- 1874),

79), rmcaTeJib-poMa-

78

fpa66e XpHcmaH ( 1801-36), ApaMarypr

186
99

fpacl> cl>oH fpeueii.llep, KPYITHbIH MoweHHIIK

.ll'A.llaM6ep

l(aMIIMapTHH, IIPHIJ.BOPHblll rrpII ABOpe <l>p1!JJ.pIIxa
BeJIIIKoro

61

fpene~ XpHcTHHa BeJibrCJlbMHHa cl>oH,

l(aH, rettepa.rr rrpyccKott apMHII

47, 68
fperopouuyc <l>epAUHaHA ( 1821-91), IICTOpIIK,
II03T, nyTewecTBeHHIIK 183
fpeuyp, II03T 19
fpecce JlyH ( 17 09 - 77), cppatt. rro3T 184
fpHJlh11apiiep <l>paHll ( 1791-1872), aacrp.
IIIICaTeJib ryMaHIICT 235
fpHMM BHJlhre.llbM ( 1786-1859 ), n11caTeJib
CKa3oqHHK, cp1IJIOJ!Of, repMaHIICT 183
fpHMM H1m6 ( 1785-1863), nIIcaTeJib cKaJoqH11K,
cpIIJIOJIOf' repMaHlICT 183
fpHc MoraHH, cp1IJ10Jior, nepeBoAqIIK 159
fpHc6ax MoraHH HKo6 ( 1745-1812), 6orocJIOB,
TeOJIOr 147

l(aHHeKep

ny6JIIIqH8}1 )!(CHILI.IIHa

fpocc AH,TJ.peH., rnaaa cppattKcpypTcKIIX cenaparnCTOB

82

fyttA cl>oH, JKYJIIIK lI o6MaHILI.HK

cpH3HOJIOT

66),

focl>MaH feHpHX, IT03T-CKaJOqHIIK, caTIIpIIK

HIICT

II lOJKHOH AMepIIKll

178

forrcl>pM feaUHa MaprapeTa, oTpaBIITCJibHIIU.a-

IT03T-neceHHIIK

U.

185(n)

45

fo.J11I...,ma AMaJIIDI, KmirIIHH, octtoaaTeJibHIIU.a

JIIICT~

1844)' !OpIICT' OCHOBaTeJib
123, 146
fYM60Jibl{I' A.lleKCaHAP ( 1769 - 1859)' ttarypallIKOJibl IOpIICTOB

foreH,TJ.eii:M cl>oH, rpacpIIm1, pattee 6apottecca cpott
JlenTpyM

fyro fycTaB ( 17 64 -

69

43, 45
fye8Jlb,TJ., ITIICaTeJib, Il03T, Tpanm 161
fpYM6KOB, npyccKIIH MIIHIICTp

33, 36
(1758-1841), cKyJibmop 187
l(aHTe A.lrnrbepH ( 1265-1321), IITa.JI. II03T,
aBTOP «BoJKeCTBeHHOll KOMeAIIII~ 159
JIYff38 llapMWTa,TJ.TCKa}I, cynpyra cDpHApn:xa
BHJibreJihMa II

61

llaYH BHJIHpHX <l>HJIHITn
npycCKOH apMIIH

(1669 -17 41), rettepa.rr

140

l(aXMaHH, ITIICaTeJib-CKaJoqHilK

183

lle Berre BHJlhreJlbM MapmH ( 1780-1840),
6orocJIOB-TeoJior, rrpocpeccop B fettAeJih6epre

181
.lle MecYp 6oH8JibA, cpp. MIICTIIKO-KaTOJiw1ecKHii
IIIICaTeJib

220

.lleBUH PaXHJib, cpaaopn:TKa rrpHflU.a cDpIIApHxa
BrrJibreJibMa II

163

.lleBpHeHT 3Ayapl(, TeaTpa.rr. ApaMarypr

129, 191

.lleccayep, qJieH rn6aqttoll: KOJIJierIIII <I>pHtJ.pIIxa
BeJIHKoro

42

525
,lleccayccKHitJieonoJlb,11, KHH3h, rrpyccKurr
renepa.JI 141
,llxconcou, :>KYJIHK-Macon, o6oKpasumrr Kacey

KaJIHOCYpO 0K03ecp DaJib3aMo) ( 17 43 - 1795),
Clll\IlJIIlHCKilH y'IeHbIH-wapJiaTaH 81, 82, 92
KaJlb,11epou ,11e Jia BapKa ( 1600-1681), ucrranc-

opti:ena 82, 84
.llMpo ,lleHH (1713-84), cpp. cpHJiococp, nrrca-

K11H ,11paMaTypr 159
KaMeJIH, KarreJihMerrCTep rrp11 )l,Bope KapJia-

Tellb

/02

,llmmeJlb KoupllJI. (1673-94), rrrrcaTeJih, rryTernecrnettHHK (rrces,11on. ,lleMoKpuT XpuCTrran) 69
,llpoii:aeu lloraHH ( 1808-84), rrcrnpuK, 6rrorpacp

183

EsreHHH 47
KaMoauc JIYJIC (1524-80), nopTyr. rro:-n,
ll,paMarypr 159
KaMnaHe.11.11a ToMaao ( 1568 - 1639 ), IITM.
cpHJiococp, no::iT, noJIMTMK, KOMMyn11cT-yToITHCT,

,llyHKep, HCTOpHK 183
,llyceK (1761-1812), ITilOHHCT, KOMIT03HTOP rrprr

MOHax-JJ;OMilHilKaHel\ 217
KaHHauii: IleYp ( 1520-97), 'IJieH «06mecrna

,11sope rrprrm1a Jhoti:srrra 163
EBremill ( 1663-1736), rrpHHl\, aBCTp. rroJIKOB0-

l1rrcyca» 95
Kam 3MMaHyHJI ( 1724-1804), pOll,OHa'IaJibHilK

.11eu 22, 50, 141, 142(n)
EJIHaaBeTa ( 1746-1840), rrprrn11ecca Epaynw-

to, 89,
103, 108, 109, tfO(n), 111, 125, 129, 147,
150, 243
KapJIVl(1685-1740), ascTp.11MnepaTOp 22,
30
KapJI-ABrycT, rep11or BeilMapcKIIH 91, 93
KapJI-A.n:eKcafft(p, repuor B10pTeM6eprc1rnil 47

seii:rcKAA, cyrrpyra <l>pll,llpuxa BttJibfeJibMa II

60
3au,11, y6urruaK011e6y 180
3e3Jlbc<l>H.11A (IlocTeJib KapJI) ( 1793-1864),
rmcaTeJib-pOMaHHCT 235
3err,11eJlbMaHH, TeaTpaJI. HCKyccTBOBe,11 191
3e~, ITOJIKOBO,TJ;el\ 137(n)

HeMel\KOH KJiaCcrr'IeCKoii cf>IIJIOcocf>II11

KapJI BpaYHIDBeitrcKHii, repuor, rpocMeiicTep
MacoHCKOll JIO)f(II 84

3eKeu,11op<l>, IlMIIepaTOpCKilH ITOCJiaHHilK, 'IJieH
rn6a'IHOH KOJIJienm 42
3eMJie<!>mrr, rrpocpeccop, anaTOMHCT 125

KapJI BiopTeM6eprcKuii:, rep11or, rrpon;aBaJI cso11x

3eMMep, c!:>HJIO.IIOf, TeoJIOf 104
3u6eJlb feHpHX ( 1817-95), 3HaM. llCTOpttK 183
3HMpoK Kap.11 ( 1802- 70), rrmT u rrccJie,110BaTeJih

KapJI-EBreHHii, rep11or 47
KapJI-Teo,11op, 1<ypcp10pcT 6asapcK11il 85
KapoJIHHa, ::ip11repl{orttHH, narrepcnrrl{a Maprrrr-

car 186
3011 BHJlbre.llbM ( 1830 - 99), xy.llO:>KHHK ,1110cceJibll.OpcpcKoH lIIKOJibl :lKilBOITllCH f 90
3oHHeH<l>eJlbc llocn<I> (1733-1817), 6apon,
rmcaTeJib, HJ,TJ;aTeJib :>KypnaJia <i qeJioBeK 6e3

Tepe3H11 32
KapcTeHc, :>KIIBormce11 187
KayJlb6ax BHJlbreJlbM ( 1805 - 74), :>KHBormcel{

rrpe,11paccy,11KOB» 32, 33, 54, 84
3opoacYp, rrpeo6pa30BaTeJib apurrcKorr KYJihTypb1,
peJirrruu :>KHBIDHH B 48 r. AO P.X. 82
llocu<I> II (1741-1790), HMneparnp Cs.P.11.

MHHHCTP rrp11 ll,Bope MapHH-TepeJHH 22( n),

10(n), 35, 57(n), 58, 60, 77, 79, 91, 100, 103,
1~161~1~1~1~1~0~0~

156(n), 200
llMMepMaH KapJI ( 1796 - 1840)' ITl!CaTeJibpoMaHMCT 186
ll<l><l>Jiau,11 ABrycT-BH.llbreJlbM ( 1759-1814),
ll,paMarypr, rmcaTeJib 123, I 29
Kaa6e, cprr110cocp-co11rraJittcT 2 I 7
KllJl.oBHeKu, xy)l,o:>KHMK, mnorpacp 126
KaaaHoBa ,lhKaKoMo ( 1725- 98), rmcaTeJih,
aBaHT!OpMCT 48
KaJieH6epr, ancTp. n;nopHHMH 79

coJI,11aT Q:>paHl\yJaM rr roJIJiaH,llUaM 48, 49, 50,

60, 74, 137, 142, 143

190
KayHmi ( 1711-94), aBCTp. KHH3b, rrepBbIH

30, 33, 35, 143
Kay<!>MaH, acpepHCT HJ lllsei111ap1m 92
Kay<!>MaH AmKeJIHKa ( 1741-1807), :>KHsorrHcel{,
pHM. pHTOpHK 126
KBUHTHJIHaH MapK-<l>a6uii: ( 35 -

90) 73

KBHHcyc MIIllJIHii, Marrop, OIJ.HH HJ rrpH6JIH:>KenHbril KOpOJIH <Dpll.llpttxa Bem1Koro 72, 73
KeJuep, cTapocrn, y6IIThiii B J110uepne 219
KeHHr <l>pMpHX ( 1774-1833), ecTecrnoJnaTeJib, 6HOJIOf, Il306peTaTeJib 201
KepHep Teop;op (1791 -1813), rro::iT, BOeBaJI c
HarroJieonoM 169
Kepuep IOcTillf (1786-1862), rro::iT, MHCTHK 186
KuaeBeTep (1773-1850), MyJ. KpurnK 126
Kmep HKo6, o6sHHeH B KOJIIJ.OBcrne 227

526
K.naiwtyc Mamac (1740-1825), rroor, nncare.11b 115
IU:apyc, IICTOpIIK, crrel(. no IICIT. JIIITeparype 184
IU:eiicT 3Ba.llhJJ. XpucmaH $oH (1715-59),
m1caTeJih 107
KJiem.i:e Jleo $oH ( 1784-1864), apx1ueKTOp 190
KinmeHT' IlCKaTeJib npilKJIIO'leHllH 143
KJIHMeHT XIV (1705-74) (famatteJim1), rrarra
PilMCKilH, yHW1TOJKIIJI op.aeH IIe3yIITOB B 1773
r. 82, 83(n)
IVnmrep <I>pHJJ.pux MaKcllMH.llHaH ( 1752-1831 ),
IIIICaTeJib-pOMaHIICT, aBTOp .apaMbl «BypH II
BilXPM

92, 118

71, 73, 74, 75, 107, 108, 109, 114,
115, 116, 118, 149

3HaM. l103T

IU:ocTepMali:ep Mamac, rrpe,n;BOJJ.lITeJib ruanK11

100

84

Ko6epmreiiH, ncropIIK, nucaTeJib, crren. no JIHTpe

184
Asryc-

ra II 45
68

183
KroreJlbXeH r eprapn. ( 1772 - 1820)' )KilBOIIIICel(
II rroprpeTHCT

193

JIIICT

234
0

JlaKJib, B 1850 r. o6BHHeH B KOJiiJ,OBCTBe 226
Jla-Merpu )KyJlbeH (1709-51), cpp. cp1IJiococp,
are11cr, spa'I

51

123
JlaH;Vpa$ fecceH-KacceJlbcKuli:, npo.aaJI 16992
cOJIAaTa amJIII'lattaM

141

JlarrneH6epr, IICTOpIIK 183
Jlapomfj>yxo ( 1613-80), rep1~or ApMaHhHK,

102

Jlap~, MY3bIKaHr, KOMTI03lITOp

191

BOCTOKOBeA

182

Jlay6e feHpux ( 1806- 84), IIIICaTeJib, poMaHTIIK,

KoJlb6ep, MIIHilCTp cpmraHcoB rrpII J{BOpe cpp.
KopoJIH JlIOAOBHKa XIV 8
KoHll,WlbHK 3TbeH (1715-80), cpp. qnmococp,

102

Konn, rrrrcaTeJib, 1ICTop11K 183
KopHeJIHyc ( 1735- 1867), IICTOpIIK, JKIIBOIIIICel(

190

JlpaMarypr, 'lJieH KPYlKKa «lOHaH fepMaHn.Sii>

234
Jlaylf.au, rrpyccKIIH reuepaJI 141
JlayKrapn. <I>pHJJ.pHX ( 1758-1822), tteyn.aBIIIIIHC.S!
reHIIH

95, 99, 100, 116

Jla$arep lioraHH Kacnap (1741-1801),
cp11Jiococp, n11caTeJih, 11n.eaJII1CT

KopHeJib Ilbep ( 1606-~ 84), cpp. npaMarypr, no3T

108

187

Kou.e6y ABrycT <I>pHJJ.pux ( 1761-1819), m1ca-

123, 158, 180, 233
KpaMep MoraHH BamcT ( 1771-1858), K0Mno311rop, rr11att11cr, My3. II3AaTeJib 72
Kpayae KapJI Xpucmau <I>pHJJ.pHX ( 1781-1832),
cpIIJIOCOcp 185
KpeU:u.ep Pyn.oJlb$ ( 1766-1831), cpp. My3bIKaHT,
CKpIIIIa'l, KOMII03IIT0p 183, 191
KpJMMaxep, cp11Jiococp, reoJior, rrIIcareJib 181
KyaJieH f. $oH , n.aTCKIIii nocJiaHHIIK B 0JibiJ.eH6ypre 193
TeJib, poMaHIICT, CKa30'lHIIK

82, 91, 112

Jla$oHTeH )KaH ( 1621-95), cpp. 6acHOIIIICeIJ,
IIIICaTeJib

Korra, eCTeCTB03HaTeJib, 61IoJior 201
Kox Moen$ ( 1768-1839), apxIITeKTOp, JKilBorr11cel(

62

Jlacceu Xpucmatt ( 1800 - 76), JIIIHrBIICT,

KoJIJ1eH6epr, rpacp, 3KC-JKeHIIX rpacpIIHII TettK-

IICIIXOJIOf

Maiittl(Koro

KyJlb6axcxuU:, rrpIIHI( 46
Kytt, 6yproMIIcTp Ayrc6ypra 74
KapJI-TeoJ).op, Kypq)!OpcT BasapcKIIH 146
KypQUyc 3pHCT (1814-96), nucaTeJih, ucrnpIIK

cppaHIJ. 1mcareJib, cp11Jiococp

KoaeJlb, rpaq:mHH, cpasopIITKa KopoJIH

I(IlH

184

Jlam6eiiH ABrycT, 1111caTeJib, can1pIIK, IOMop11cr

Kmo6ep, IICTOpIIK, IOpIICT, repMaHilCT 184
KueiiH, CbIH BeJIIlKoro KaHl(Jiepa 51
KHurre, MacoH, cTapaJicH coeJJ.IIHilTb IlJIJIIOMIIHaHTOB II BOJibHbIX KaMeHIIIIlKOB

ae.11

Ky.zi.emo$eH, 6apottecca, cpaaop11TKa KypcpIOpcrn

KroHe fycrau (1806-88), ny6JI11IJHCT, IKyptta-

IU:OIIllITOK <l>pHJJ.pHX forJIH6 ( 1724-1803),

pa36oi1H11KoB

Kyuep <I>pauu. ( 1808-58), 11crop11K, rrcKyccrno-

72, 123, 158, 162

Jleii6HIIIJ, fOT$pHJJ. BH.71breJlbM ( 1646-1716),
cpI1JIOCOcp, cpil3IIK, MaTeMaTIIK, H3b!KOBeA

36( n), 62, 89, 101
Jleiiaeuuu. lioraHH (1752-1806),
74, 115

35,

rr11caTeJih, rrmT

JleiirpyM fj>ou, 6apoH, y Kornporo repIJor
BIOpreM6eprcK11i1 yseJI JKeHy

77

JleHay (HIIKOJiaii cpoH illHTeJieHay) ( 1802-50),
l103T

234

JleHIJ, PeiittrOJlblf., rro3T, lKYPHaJIIICT 74, 92, 117
Jleo, IICTOpIIK, IIIICaTeJib 183
JleonoJlbil I ( 1640-1705), rrMrrepamp fepMaHHII

22, 23( n), 132, 133( n)
JleonoJihJI. II [ 1790- 92], 11Mrrepamp 60, 143

527
JleonoJib.ll-«l>paHU., asCTp. repu,or, HacJieti;HHK
Mocmpa III I 50
JleonOJib.ll-36eprapti;, repu,or B10pTeM6eprcKn:ii:,
JKCHHJICH cpaay Ha Tpex JII060BHHU,ax 46
Jleccmrr forroJib.ll 3u<f>paHM ( 1729 - 81),
cpllJJococp-peaJIHCT, rrn:caTCJib, KpHTHK 10, 54,
55(n), 71, 72, 108, 109, 1tf, ff5, tf8, 125,
129, 147, 187, 190, 227, 24J
Jle-«l>eup, cppattu,y3, yqaCTBOBaJI B HeyAaqHoM
rroxrrmemm .a;esynIKn: 68
JleXJlb, B 1850 r. o6BHHeH B KOJI,[\OBCTBe 226
Jln:6ux IOc'fYC ( 1803- 73), xn:Mn:K, oAHH n:J
co3,aaTeJiei1 arpoxnMHJI 20 I
JlmmepT' TaHHbIH COBCTHHK rrpH ,[\BOpe KypcpIOpCTa KapJia-Teot1opa 85
JIHCT «l>pH.lq>HX ( 1789-1846), 3KOHOMHCT 207
JIHXTeHay <t>on, rpacpn:HH (BJIHKeJibMJIHa 3ttKe),
cpasopn:TKaT <I>pHJJ:pnxa BllJJbreJibMa 6 I, 89
JIHXTen6epr r eopr Kpn:cTo<I> ( 1742 - 99 ),
rrJicaTeJib-IOMopJicT I 12( n), I I J
JIHXTellllITeiiH Hocn:<f> ( 1696-1772), ancTJ).
IIOJIKOBOAeu. JI IIOJIHT. t1eHTeJib I 40
Jlo6eJIJib, IIHCaTeJib, JICTOPIIK 18J
JloKK ,l))KOH ( 1632 -1704), aHrn. cpttJiococp I 02
JloM6apti;, 0,[\HH ll3 He,[\OCTOHHbIX npaBHTeJieii:
ITpyccHJI 164
Jfora <J>ou Kam,6, no.a;pyra feTe 92( n)
JloTa <l>on Jlaurc~.n, rrot1pyra feTe 89( n)
JloTa <f>ou llhaiiu, rrot1pyra feTe 91( n)
Jlyuya «l>paucya MHllleJib Jie TeJibe (1641-91),
cpp. MapKJI3 soeH. H roe . .nemeJib 8
Jly.nen feHpHX ( 1788- 1847), HCTOpHK, mtcaTCJib, repMaHJICT 183
Jl)'lt:aa ( 1776-1810), KopoJiesa Ilpyccn:u,
cyrrpyra <I>pH.ll;pJixa-BWibreJibMa III 164, 165,
166(n)
JlyKKeamm, MapKJI3, rrpyCKHll ,[\llIIJIOMaT,
6n6JIHOTeKapb <I>pJIJJ;pnxa BeJIJIKoro 164
Jlro6Ke BlfJibreJibM ( 1826-93), HCTopnK,
JicKyccTBOBeA f 84
Jlro.nsn:r I, npyccKn:H rrpnHu, 50, 72, 16J, f90,

221
JIIO,llBHf IX, repu,or feccettcKn:ii:, JaHHMaJIC.l'!
rroKyrrKoil JI rrpo.naJKeii: COMaT 49, 142
Jlro.nouHK, rrpyccKJIH rrpn:Hu, f 66
Jlro.nouHK XIII ( 1610-43), <Ppami;. KopoJib, CbIH
fettpJixa IV 6
Jlro.nouHK XIV ( 1638 - 1715), KopoJib <I>pattu,n:u
fiyp60H 6, 8, ff, 14, 1J7, 148
Jlro.noBHK xv (1709- 74), KOpOJib <I>paHil,JIJI 10,
Bf, 148

Jlro.nouHIC XVI (1754-93), cyrrpyr Map.1mAHTyatteTTbI 192
JIIOTep MapTHH ( 1483-1546),csHmettHJIK,
rrpoTeCTaHT, OCHOBOil. PecpopMaU,Jill B fepMaHHH, OTBepraJI ,[\OrMaTbl KaTOJIJIU,H3Ma 11' 116
MaKc <t>on illeHKeff.lloP<I> (1783-1815), oqmu,ep
npyccKOH apMHH, Il03T' aBTop BOeHHblX rreceH
169
MaJIL6PYK (MaJib6opo tl,JKott) (1650-1722),
ascTp. rettepaJI-cpeJib.llMapIIIaJI 141
MaJILMec6epn: (1746-1820), JiopA, attrn.
rrocJiaHHHK f 44
,
MaJILTYC ToMac Po.ll)Kep ( 1766-1834), attrn.
IlOJUIT. 3KOHOMHCT 21 1
ManepThIO, cpp. mtcaTeJib, q:mJiococp 51
Mapu.H-Tepean:JJ ( 1717 - 80), 3pu,repu,ornHH
AscTpo-Bempuu, rrposeJia PM pecpopM,
crroco6crnyIOmnx yKperrJieHHIO roc-sa 25( n),
26, JO, JI, JJ, 50, 68, 78, 140
MapH.H-AlrryatteTTa ( 1755-93), cpp. KopoJiesa,
cynpyra JIIOAOBHKa XVI 81
Mapnyr, MY3. TeopeTHK, MYJbIKaHT 126
MacKoB, ncTopHK 72
MacMau, ycTpoHTeJib rrpa3AHHKa s qecTh 300
JieTHH PecpopMau,un 180
MaTecoH, My3. TeopeTHK, 3CTeTHK 126
MarmcoH «l>pH,llpHX ( 1761-1831 ), JiaHAIIIaqnHbIH Il03T I 2J
Meaep IOc'cyc ( 1720 - 94), ¢Wiococp-pau,nottaJIHcT f05
Meiiep6ep JKaKoMo ( 1791-1864), My3bIKaHT,
KOMII03JIT0p 191
MeKJieH6yprcK3JI Jlyuaa, cyrrpyra <l>pJIJJ;pnxa
BliJibreJibMa III 162
MeJIJ1ell,.llopcp, rettepaJI-ry6epHaTOp fiepJIHHa B
1785 r. 139
MeHr Pa<l>aUJI, JK.1rnorrrrceu, 126
MeH,lleJibCOH Moaec (1729-86), ¢HJ1oco¢,
TeOJIOf 104
Meff,.lleJibcou-liaPTOJib.llff ( 1809-47), MyJbIKaHT,
KOMil03liTOp 191
MeH..eJib HoraHH, 3HaM. rrapTliJaH Mapm1Tepe3HH 140, 2J4
MepK, rrn:caTeJib, .npyr feTe 58
MecMep ( 1733-1815), spaq 8f
MerrepHHX .KJieMeHc ( 1773-1859), KHH3b,
MHHliCTp UH. t1eJI, rnasa ascTp. np-sa 173,
174(n), 194, 221
MuJIJiep BHJibreJibM ( 1750-1814), rrn:caTeJib,
II03T' qJieH feTTHHreHCKoro COI03a II03TOB 115,
186, 187

528
Mwviep lforauu MapTHH, rrneaTeJib 114
MwIJiep 0., cp11Jioeocp, BOeTOKOBe,'l, 182
Mmrnx liypxap,'l, Kpucm<I> ( 1683 - 1767),
rettepM-cpeJib,'l,MaprnM 141
MHTICpMaiiep, rrcmp11K, reopCT11K rrpaBa 185
MuxaaJJHc <l>pH,'1,pHX ( 1815 - 86), rreTOp11K,
KaTOJIW!eeKl1H TeOJIOf 147
Moaep Morauu Koupa,'l,, IOp11eT, ITy6mn~11eT 105
Moaep Morauu $1Ko6 (1701-8S), ebrn KapJia
<l>p11,'l,p11xa M03epa, IOp11eT, IT11eaTeJib, ITy6JinnnCT 68, 69
Moaep <l>.K., rrneaTeJih, IOp11eT, HaITneaBrn11ii: SO
TOMOB ITO roe. ITpaBy 68, 89
MoJiep, KaTOJiw1eeK11ii: TeoJior 182
MoJIJiep, 11eToprrqeeK11ii: 11 rropTPeTHhrif .JKHBOITFIeen 190
MoJlbTKe KapJI-liepurap,'l, ( 1800 - 91), npyeCKnii:
rettepM-cpeJib,'l,MaprnM, Haq. r JiaBH. rnTa6a

237(n)
MoMMaeu Teo,'l,op ( 1817 -1903), 11eTOp11K,
repMaHneT 183, 187( n)
MoHTeno, attrJinqaHKa, .lKHBlllaJI B fepMatt1111

24, 26
MoHTeHb MHWeJlb (1S33-92), cpp. cp11Jioeocp,
eKeUTF!K 102
MoHTCCKbe IllapJlb (1689--17SS), cpp. IT11eaTeJib,
ITy6JIHI.lHCT 191, 149
Mop ToMac ( 1478-1S3S), attrn. ryMaHFieT,
YTOUHeT, roe. ,'l,e.HTeJib, nneaTeJib, ,'l,pyr 3pa3Ma
Porrep,'l,aMeKoro 217
Mopreuuuepu, Mar11eTp, qJieH Ta6a'Ittoii: KOJIJier1111 <l>pF!,'1,p11xa BeJI11Koro 42, 43
MopHll CaKcoucKHii ( 1696 - 17 SO), MaprnM
<Dpattn1111 141
MopJI MapH.H <l>ou, KaTOJIFI'IeeKaJI cpattaTJ1qKa,
IIHTaBlllaJle.H O,'l,Hl1M B03,'1,YXOM 221
MonapT MoraHH BoJlb<l>raur (17S6-91),
KOMII0311TOp 58, 127, 128(n), 191
Myaeyc AsrycT ( 173S-87), IT11eaTeJib 108
MyHJlT Teo,'l,op (1808-61), n11eaTeJib, 'IJieH
KPY.JKKa «lOHaJI fepMamm~ 234
Myp, attrJI. TypFieT, rroeeTHBrn11ii: BepJI11H B

177S r. 55
MloJIJiep ( 1794-1827), II03T, HeTOpIIK, crren. IIO
,'l,p. JIIITeparype 143, 184
MJoJIJiep A.zl:aM f CHpHX ( 1779 - 1829), IIF1eaTeJibpoMaH11eT 161
MioJIJiep MoraHH, MemTeJib cppaHI.ly3aM 100,

123, 163

MloJIJiep <l>pH,'l,pHX ( 1823-1900), po,'!,. B
fepMaHFIF!, aHrJI. cpF!JIOJIOf, BOeTOKOBe,'l, 118
Ha,'1,aC,'l,11 <l>paHll JleonoJlb,'l, ( 1708-83), rrpyeeKFiii: rettepM 33
HanoJieou liouanapT ( 1769-1821) cpp. FIMrrepaTOp ff, 152, 164, 165, 167, 168, 169, 171
HeaHp;ep AsrycT ( 1789-18SO), FieTopFIK, cnen.
ITo HeTopFIFI nepKBH 184
HereJih, llIBeii:n.' oeHOBOIIOJIO.lKHHK rraTpHOTH'IeeKHX rreeeHHbIX ITpa3,'],HF!KOB 206
HeiiMau KapJI-<l>pH,'1,pux ( 1793-1870), HeTOpFIK

183
Heiipeihep (1806-82), .JKHBorrrreen, rpa6ep 190
HerreJlb6eK, KOJih6epreKHH 6IOprep 164
Hu6yp liapYOJlb,'l, feopr ( 1777 -1831), HeTop11KrepMaHF1eT, KpHTIIK 123, 125(n)
HnKeJlb, KaTOJIF!'IeeKHll !OpHeT 76
HnKoMetl, Y3HHK MoHaeTbrpeKoii TIOpbMbI B Bette

79
HoBa.Jiuc ( <DpF!,'1,pttx cpott Xap,'l,ett6epr) ( 1772 801), cpHJioeocp rr IT03T 153, 156, 157, 158( n),

160
HoBep JKaH )Kopm (1727-1810), cpp. 6aJieTMeileTep, TeopeTrrK-xopeorpacp 47, 49
HocTun KapJI, a,'J,bIOTaHT rrp11Hna JlI0,'1,BFira I

163, 170
0Bep6eK <l>pu,'l,pHX ( 1789-1869), .lKHBOIJHeen

190
OnneureiiM 310cc, eBpeii:, rrepBbIH MHHHeTp
repnora KapJia-An:eKeatt,'l,pa, MorneHHl!K 47
OrrneureiiMep ( 1698? -1738), rrp11,'l,BOptth1ii
aKTep 26
OpmeJlbCK3JI, rpacpHH», .n:oqb 11 B TO .JKe BpeM.H
JII060BHHI.la ABryCTa C11JihHoro 45
OcuaHp;ep, rrpeJiaT, o6JIJ1qHTeJib rrpyeeKoro ,'l,Bopa

46
Occuau, KeJibTeKHii: rro3T, 6ap,'l, 3 B. 113
II8Jlb foT<l>pu,'l,, eB.H!IleHHHK 47
II8JlbMa HuKoJiaii , n~eaTeJib, rrpo,'l,aBen KHHr,
oeHOBaTeJib Kpy.lKKa 6peMeHeKOH HHTeJIJI11reHn1111 54, 111, 167
IIauueBHll <l>on, rocpcppettJIHHa np11 ,'l,Bope
<l>p11,'l,p11xa-B11JibreJihMa 40
IIapMCK3JI Maa6eJIJia, yMeprna51 eynpyra KopoAA
Horncpa II 58
IIacK8Jlb liJiea ( 1623 - 62), cpp. MaTeMaTIIK,
cpm11K, cp11Jioeocp, TeoJior 102
IIayJlb OcKap (1836-98), rr11eaTeJih, 11emp11K

183
IlayJIYC ( 17 61 - 18S 1), rroCJie,'l,OBaTeJih KaHTa,
rrpe,'l,eTaBl!TeJib Kpaiittero panl!OHaJill3Ma 147,

148

529
Ilepn, rmcaTeJib, 11cTop11K, 611orpacp 183
IlecTaJIOWUf lfonum feHpHX (1746-1827),
rrrneihr. rret(aror, rrc11xoJior 88, 89, 105( n), 230
IlHii VI, rrarra P11MCKl1H [ 1775 - 99], rrp1rnep1Ketterr 11e3y11TOB 35
IlwI, II03T 73
IlJiaHK, JI!IT. 11epKOBHbIH KpIITHK 105
lliaTOH (428 HJIII 427 tlO P.X.), tlp. rpe'I.
cp11Jiococp, y'leH11K Co1<paTa 217
IlOJlbl(llll, rryTernecrnemmK 26
IloMIIaJIYP JKcuma AHTyaHeTTa ( 1721-64),
MapK113a, cpaBopIITKa JlIOt(OBIIKa xv 81

Ilpacmrn, y'laCTHl1K cKaHt(aJibHOro rrpo11ecca B
oeJibrlll1 219

Ilpeii:c, 11cmp11K, 611orpacp 183
IlpHCTep. rmcaTeJib, 11CTOpHK 183
IlpOMHHIJ; 3pAMaH <t>ou, CnJie3CKIIH rpacp, oa11H
113 «rrpo6y)KJleHHbIXl> 68

Ilpyaou Ilbep JKoae<i> ( 1809-65), cpp. corrnaJIIIcT-TeopeTHK aHapXH3Ma 217

Ilpym Po6epT ( 1816- 72), ncTOPIIK, JIIITepaTop

184
Ily<l><i>euii.op<I> lforauu, rmcaTeJib, parr110HaJIIICT

105
Ilrorrep If.CT. (1725-1805), rmcaTeJib, parr110HaJI11CT 105
Pa6euep, cp11Jiococp, rracaTeJib 79
Pa6J1e <l>paucya ( 1494-1553), rrncaTeJib, aBrnp
«fapraHTIOa 11 TlaHTarpI03Jibi> 102
PaK <l>pHJtpHX, rnBa6cK11H rrpopoK 70
PaJlb<l>yT, lliBIIIIKHH Bl1Kap11il, MorneHHIIK 224
PllM.llep, rrttcaTeJib rro3T 115
PaMMeJlb KapJI BWibreJlbM ( 1725- 98), rmcaTCJib, 1ICT0p11K 183
PaH.ll KapJI Jho,llBur, cocTaBHTeJib rrpaBHJI .llJIH
coro3a 6yprneit 179

PaHJKe 197
PaHKe JleonoJlbtJ, (1795-1886), HcTop11K 183,

184(n)
.PaTMaH, JKHBorrttcerr 190
PaYMep <l>pHJtpHX JhoAOBHK ( 1781-1873),
11CTOpHK 61, 183, 227

Payx )laHHaJlb ( 1777 -1857), CKYJibIITOp 144,

187

Pep, Kp11T11K, parrHoHaJIIICT, TeoJior 148
Pe<i>yec, rr11caTeJib-poMaHIICT 186
Purep, rrttcaTeJib, ropHCT 32, 69, 143
PHICKePT, rro::iT 240
PHM6ayep, CBHIIIeHHl1K, MaHbHK-y611il11a 219
Puc6eK, rmcaTeJib 63, 85
PHrrep KapJI ( 1779- 1859 ), reorpacp-HcCJiet(oBaTeJib 185

PHXTep )l., nceBaoy'leHbIH 227
PHXTep JKaH-IloJlb <l>pHJtpHX ( 17 63 - 1825),
cpnJiococp, II03T-IOMOpHCT 129, 131( n)

PH'leJlb ( 1804 - 61), cKy.nhmop 187
PurneJlbe ApMaH ti.IO llieccn ( 1585 - 1642),
KapaIIHaJI <DpaHrrHl1 6
Po6ecllhep MaKCHMll.IDlaH ( 17 58 - 94), aeme.nb
cpp. peBORIO!Il1H 15

PoaeHKpaHU; Xpucmau ( 1378-1484), ocHoBaTeJib opaetta P03eHKpeilrrepoB 82, 84

POTe PHXap.l{ ( 1794-1867), peJIHrII03HbIH
¢11.nococp 183

PoTeK, HCTop11K, ropHCT 194
Pyre ApHOJlb.l{ (1802-80), n11caTe.nb, xpoH11Kep

236
Pycco JKaH JKaK (1712-78), cpp. cptt.nococp,
IIl1CaTCJib 103, 111, 118

PyT, 11cTop11K, cnerr. no IITaJI . .nIIT-pe 184
PyTeu6epr, 6yproM11cTp r. Jl,aHrr11ra 30
PyTOBCKHH, rpacp, oa11H 113 354 rro6o'IHbIX aeTeil
ABrycrn Ctt.nbttoro 45

ProKepT <l>pHJtpHX (1788-1866), rrmT, yqeHhIM

186, 190(n)
CaBHHbH <l>pHJtpHX ( 1779 - 1861 ) , ocHoBaTeJib
lICTOpH'leCKOM lliKORbl rrpaBa, ropIICT 185

Cafulep, 3Kc-11e3yHT, xp11cTHaHCKIIM TeoJior 146
CaJinc lforaHH ( 17 62 - 1834), )!(HBorr11cerr 123
CBeAeu6opr 3MMauyaJlb (1688-1772), rnBea.,
y'leHbIM, ¢11.nococp

225

CuHTeu <t>ou, aBcTp. rrpoCBenrettHbIM .LlBOpHHl1H
rrpH .[(Rope Maptt11-Tepe311H 32

CeueKa Jlywdi AHueii: (4 .no P.X. -65 P.X.),
pHM. IIOJIHT . .nemeJib, cpmmcocp, rr11caTe.nb 78

Ceu-JKepMeH (?-1784), rpacp, aJIXHMHK, Macott

81

Pe6MaHH A.f.<I>., rmcaTeJib 89
PeiiMapyc fepMaH CaMyWI ( 1694-1768),

Ceu-CHMOH ( 1760-1825), rpacp, cpp. cpHJiococp,

rmcaTeJib, JllIT. Kp11TIIK 104
Peil:urapT .Hico6, JKHBOn11cerr 100, 187
Peil:uroJlbtJ, (1758-1823), y'leHHK KaHTa,
cp11Jiococp, Jil1T. Kp11THK 111
PeKe <t>ou, rroKJiotttt11rra Ka3aHOBbI 81

CHHIJ;eu.nop<I>, M11H11cTp rrpH .nBope Kap.na V 22
CKorr BaJlbTep ( 1771-1832), 113B. attrn.

Mb!CRHTeRb 217

rr11caTe.nb, II03T 186

Cocl>HB, MapKrpacpHHH, cyrrpyra MapKrpacpa
feopra-BHJibreJibMa 45

530
Cocl>HB ct>ou ,lleuroct>, cpaaopttTKa ct>pimpuxaBHJihreJihMa III 61
CTa;'{e.llH Tepeaa, xamf<a 11 «KpoB011ycKaTeJibHIIu;a;, 224
CTect>ct>euc feupux, nucaTeJib, 110::1T, cpHJiococp

185
CTP~ Moaect>

(1776-1826), aBCTP. aKTep
u ApaMarypr 24
Taae, rrcTop11K, c11eu;. 110 ucrop1111 l(epKBH 184
TaJiyK, cp11Jiococp-oproAOKc 181
Taymep ,ll., AllpeKTop rHMHa3HH 113 llITyTrapra,
llHCaBIIIIIIT rrceBJJ;OHayqHbie CTaTbl1 227
T~ Ily6.11Hii: Kopue.llHii: (oK 58-117 AO P.X.),
p11M. HCTOpIIK 72
TeHKUHH <l>ou, rpacp11illl, cyrrpyra rpacpa IlpoMH11u;a 68
TH6o Alrryau <l>pHJJ;pHX ( 1772 - 1840), cpHJiococp11paaoaeJJ; 126, 185
TH,WKe, rr11caTeJib, 110::1T 123
TDK JIIOJJ;BHr ( 1773-1853), m1caTeJib-KpttrnK
156, 157(n), 159, 160
T11HHYc, caHmettH1IK-y6urr11a 219
Tupm <l>pHJJ;pHX BH.llhreJibM (1784-1860),
apxeoJior, ucTop11K 182, 184
TocxaucKHii JleonOJlbJJ; BCJIHKHii, rep11or, CbIH
Mapuu-Tepe3ttl1 33
TpaY™aHHCAoP<I>, rpacp 26
TpeHK <l>pHJJ;pHX, 11ucaTCJib, )KypHaJIHCT I 43
TpeUK <l>paHII, rraprn3aH Mapuu-Tepe3HH 140
Tya, rep11or, rnyToBCKoro rep11orcrna JlttxTeHraiIM 178
TYH, rroJioyMHbIH aettcKttiI rpacp 82
T::iep AJib6peXT ,llaHlrnJI ( 1752-1828), yqeHhIH,
CJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHUK 200, 201
TroMMeJib M.A. ct>ou (1764-1805), 11ucaTeJih,
poMaHHCT, 3111IKypee11 108
Y JlaH,l( JhoJJ;BHr ( 1787-1862), II03T-pOMaHTl1K

186, 187(n), 238
Y JlbPH'IH fepMau ( 1806-84), 11crop11K, c11e11. 110
aHfJI. JIHT-pe 184
Ypmuna, 6n6JIHOTeKapb rep11ora KapJia-AJieKcattll,pa 48
YpcHHyc, TaHHM COBCTHl11\a, OTpaaJieHHM
Mapraperroll: forrcppM.A 219
YXTPHll, 11CTOpHK, 11CKYCCTBOBCA 184
Yu IleTP (1720-86), cpnJiococp, rro::iT 107
<l>aJIJieH KapJI, 6yprn, peaoJI1011noHep, rro::iT 179
<I>apurareu, ucTopnK, 611orpacp 183
<I>apurareu <l>ou Euae, )!{11ao1111ce11 Ha cpapcpope

163

<I>acMau, qJieH Ta6aqHoiI KOJIJier11H ct>pHJJ;p11xaB11JibreJibMa I, MeJIKHll: rr11caTeJih-CaT11p11K 42
<I>eiiep6ax JIIOJJ;BHr ( 1804- 72), cpHJiococp,
yqeHHK fereJIH 219, 236( n), 237
<I>eiiep6ax AuceJibM (1775-1833), 11cTOp11K,
11paBOBCA, Kp11MHHaJIHCT 123
<I>eiiT <I>wnmn ( 1793-1877), peJI11rno3HhIH
)Kl1BOIII!Cel\ 190
<l>pHJJ;pHX BeJIHKHii: (1712-86), KOpOJib Ilpyccm1

143, 146
<l>HJiauAp, IIIICaTeJib 18
<l>HXTe Morauu foTJIH6 ( 1762-1814), cpHJiococp

129, 131(n), 150, 153, 156, 157, 167
<l>HJIIep ( 1807 -87), C03,l(aTeJib HOBOfO TeaTpa,
npocp. 3CTeTHKH 190
<l>Jieiimep, op11eHTaJIHCT 182
<l>JieK, aKTep HapOAHOfO TeaTpa 129
<l>oJIU, )Klfaom1ceu; 190
<l>ecJiep Mrnarnii: ( 1756-1839), nncaTeJib,
rrpocpeccop TeOJIOfIIH, nepernemnllll a JIIOTepaHCTBO

77, 78, 79, 80
<l>oHK, yqacTHHK yroJIOBHOfO pa3-Ba 219
<I>opMep, HTaJibHHKa, qpe3B. Kpacl!BM 45
<I>opcrep feopr ( 1754- 94), Bhl,l(aIO!l(HHCH
IIHCaTeJib, rryTeIIIeCTBeHHHK 56, 113, 150
<I>occ MoraHH feupux ( 1751 -1826), oprattn3arop co103a <tP0111a» 93, 94, 114, 115, 116, 149
<l>paHK, ne3yHT, AYXOBHHK Kypcp10pCTa KapJiaTeoJJ;opa 85, 225
<l>paHKe fepMaHH (1663-1727), IIHeTl1CT 43
<l>paHII JIOTapHHrCKHii (1708-65), HMTI. Ca. P.H.

26, 30, 33
<l>pauu II ( 1768-1835), nMrreparop fepMattnn
[1792-1806], c 1086 - aBCTp. HMrrepaTOp 62,

143, 152
<l>pet1;epUKa Cocl>HB BUJibfCJibMHHa, AO% ct>pHJJ;p11xa-BHJibreJihMa I, rrpyccKoro KopoJIB 40
<l>peiirep ct>ou KHHJie, MacoH ( 1782) 84
<I>peJIHrPaT <I>epll;HHaHJJ; ( 1810 - 76), rrncaTeJib 11
rraTp110T fepMaHI!H 235
<l>pHJJ;pHX (<l>pHJJ;pHX II) - BCJIHKHii (1712-86)

10, 33, 49, 50, 51, 54, 58, 60, 68, 71, 80, 84,
103, 111, 139, 140, 141, 142, 144(n), 153,
163, 164, 165, 200
<l>pHJJ;pHX II IlpyccKHii 35, 37( n)
<l>pHJJ;pHX-BH.llbreJibM I IlpyccKHii (1688--1740)
6, 7(n), 14, 40-43, 70, 137, 139, 143, 156,
169, 241
<l>pHJJ;pHX HmcoJiaii 104
<l>pHJJ;pHX ct>ou faptJ;eu6epr ( 1708- 1754), 15 7
<l>pHJJ;pHX IllJiereJib 157

531
<l>PMPHX-BHJibreJlbM II ( 17 44-97), rrpycCKHR
KOpoJib, IIJieMRHHHK <Dprr.nprrxa BeJIHKoro 35,
60, 61, 89, 162
<l>p~HX-BHJibreJlbM III ( 1831 - 88), KOpDJib
Ilpycnm 15 (n), 61, 141, 148, 162, 173
<l>pMpHX-BHJibreJlbM IV ( 1795-1801), KopoJib
Ilpycrnu 196
<l>pHHa, rpeq. reTepa 163
<l>pim ( «CTapbIH») - <Dprr.nprrx II BeJIHKHR 50,
58, 60
<l>yice <l>pMpHX ti;e-Jia-MoT ( 1777 · - 1843),
IIHCaTe.!Ib, II03T, .npaMarypr 160, 161
<l>yico JleoH (1819-68), cpp. cpH3HK, MeXaHHK
235
<l>ypbe illapJlb (1772-1832), cpp. COUHaJIHCT
217
XprrcTIDUI <l>p~llX j:(aH1DL11 ill, rrmT, MYJbIKaHT
73
XpHCTIIHa-BeJlbreJlbMHHa <l>on fpeueuim,
ny6JIH'IHaH )KeHIUHHa 46
:Uaxapna K.C. (1769-1843), rrpaBoBeti: 123
JluaK, CTy.n;eHT, OCHOBaTeJib op.netta HJIJIIOMHHaTOB 84
.llBaimurep Amia MaprapeTa, OTpaBHTeJibHHUa
219
Ueiic, JIHTeparypoBe.n 183
UH6JiaH.l{, apxHTeKTOp 190
UHMMepMauu Po6epy (p. 1824), cprrJiococp,
TeOJIOI' 105
Jl1!imeH,l{op<fJ HHKo.Jiait Jho11.1mr ¢oH (1700-60),
err11cKorr B BepJIHHe, TeoJior, rrrrcaTeJib 66, 67,
69, 147
UHrreH, aBCTp. reHepaJI 141
Uon<l>Jlb, rrpaBose.n n 3aKOHOBe.l( 185
qmoKe feiinpHX ( 1771-1846), nrrcaTeJib,
rryrryJIHpH3aTOp ll.l(eH KJiaCCHKOB 123
illati;oB lloralill fOT<i>pH,l{ ( 1764r1850), CKYJibIITop 187
illaKo, HCTOpHK, crreu. no HCII. JIHT-pe 184
illaMHcco MeJib6epT ( 1781-1838), II03T II
ecTeCTBOHCIIbITaTeJib 233
illapK, rrporroBe.l(HHK 113 Ll,apMIIITa.l(Ta 82
illapJioTa <l>on illTeiiu, rro.npyra feTe 92
illapttropcT, pecpopMarnp rrpycc1mli apMIIH.
0TMeHl!Jl KOCbI II IIaJIKH 165
illaT06puau <l>paucya Peue (1768-1848),
BHKOHT, cj:>p. rmcaTeJib 156, 220
illua6 fycTaB ( 1792 - 1850), II03T 186
illBaHTaJiep JIIO)l.BHf <l>on ( 1802-48), CKYJihmop
187

illBepHH Kypy KpucTO<l> (1684-1757), aBCTp.
reHepaJI 141
illBHHA MopHU; <l>on (1804-87), :lKHBorr11ceu 190
illeJIJIHHf <l>pMpHX BHJibreJibM ( 1775 -1854),
cpHJiococj:>, rrpocj:>eccop 111, 113, 118, 156( n),
159
illeKcnup BHJibJIM ( 1564 - 1616), reHHaJibHbIR
aHrJI . .npaMarypr 159
illeJlb<i>ep 185
illeu6apu 116
illecJ>Tc6epu AHToHH ( 1671- 1713), cj:>HJiococp,
OCTeT 102
illffK fOTJIH6 ( 1776-1812), :lKHBOIIHCeU 187
Illwui:ep llorauu XpucTOcl> <l>p~HX (17591805), II03T, HJy<raJI cprrJiococpmo Kama H
IICTOpHIO, Jl,pyr feTe 93, 95, 119, 122(n), 123,
125, 128, 129, 147, 148(n), 150, 157, 159, 243
illHJIJlb (1776-1809), Maliop-rraTpHOT 168
illHHKeJib KapJI <l>pMpllX ( 1781-1841),
apxHTeKTOp 187
illHpMep BWibreJlbM ( 1802 - 66), :lKHBorruceu
190
illJiereJib ABrycT BWibreJibM ( 1772 - 1829),
KpHTHK, IIHCaTeJib 157, 158
IIIJiereJlb <l>pMpHX ( 1772-1828), IIHCaTeJibpoMaHIICT 153, 156, 158, 159, 161
IIIJieiiepMaxep ( 1768-1834), cj:>HJiococj:>, 6oroCJIOB, rrporroBe.ZJ;HHK 181, 183(n)
IIIJieuep A. ( 1735 - 1809), Hcrnp11K, pa6oTaJI B
Pocc1m c 1761no1767 173, 227
IIIJioccep <l>pMpHX-Xp11cTO<l> ( 1776-1861 ),
3HaM. HCTOpHK 123, 183, 238
illMeTay' JieRTeHaHT 61
illMH.nT BWibreJlb.M MoJib<l> (1812-87), IICTOpIIK
183
illuaaae Kap.JI ( 1798 - 1875)' HCTOpHK HCKyccTBOBe.l( 184
illuopp <Pou KapoJibc<l>eJibti; ( 1794 - 1872),
)KJ1BOIIHCeU 190
illonettrayep lloraHHa, rrncaTeJihHIIUa 21
illorrettrayap Apryp ( 1788-1860 ), cp11Jiococp
rrecc11MH3Ma 233( n)
illopH, HCTOpHK, CKYCCTBOBe.n 184
ille<l><l>ep JleonoJlbti; ( 1784-1862), rr11caTeJibrraHTe11cT 237
filIIaJibAHHf ( 1714-1804), cpHJIOCOcp, TeOJIOf
105
illnattren6epr 147
IllnaTTJiep, pecpopMaTop, HCCJie.ZJ;OBaTeJib, CBeTCKHH Kpl!TIIK 105
Illrnrntviep KapJI ( 1796-1855), rmcaTeJib 186

532
Illnop JlmrotHr (1784-1859), KOMII03HTOp,
MY3bIKaHT, eKpmiaq 191
IllrrpHllfep Amott ( 1825 - 93), IIeTOpIIK HeKyeeTBOBCA f84
Illpa,.e, IIIICTIIeT-pa3BpaTHIIK 225
Illpe,.ep <l>p. Jiro,.BHf (1744-1816), .a;paM:arypr
123, 129, 190
IllpeK, IIeeJieAOBaTeJib, pecpopM:aTop, KpIITIIK
IJCpKBH f05
Illpemf>ep, MCJJ:IIYM 81
IlITaJlh <l>p~pnx: IOJIHii (1802-61), cpll1Ioeocp,
IOpIIeT 230
IlITeiiH feHpHX <f>oH ( 1757 -1831 ), 6apoH, 3HaM.
roe . .a;emeJib 166, 167(n), 171
IllaJlhu;, yqeHblH cpIIJIOJIOr 146
IllreHUeJlb, IIeTOpIIK 183
IllreJIHH HKoe <f>oH (1712-1825), IIeTOpIIK 183
illTHrJIHll, feHpHX ( 1801-49), II03T /84
IlITHrJIHll, IllapJiora, )KeHa, eosepllIIIBIIIaJI
eaM:oy6IIiieTBO 236
IlITHJl.!IHllf IOm, .a;yxoBflACIJ 113
IllroJlb6epr <l>p~pHX JleonoJlb,_ ( 17 50 - 1819),
rpacp, rro3T 68, 92, 93
IlITOJlb6epr <l>p~pHX ( 1748 -1821), II03T 114
IlITOJlb6epr <l>puu;, IIIIeaTeJib 94, 117, 149
IlITOJit.6epr XpHcmaH ( 1748 - 1821), rro3T 114
Illrpayc ,ll;aeHJJ; (1808-74), 3HaM. 6oroe11os,
IIIIeaTeJib 237
Illrypu;, cpirnoeocp, Teo11or 105
Illy6apr Xp. <l>p. (1743-91), Teo11or, rrIIeaTeJib,
oeHOBaJI •HeM. xpOHIIKy» 74, 75( n), 76, 77,
113, 142, 143
Illy6epr <l>paHU Ilerep ( 1797 -1828), KOMII03IIrnp, MY3bIKaHT 185, 19/(n)
IllyJiett6ypr, IIOJIKOBOJ];CIJ 141
IllyJlbu;e 3pttecr (1788-1817), poMaHTIIK 162
IllyMaH Po6epr (1810-56), KOMIIo3IITop,
MY3brKattT 191, 192(n)

36eprap,.-Jlmrotur, rnpIJor B10pTeM6eprcKHH 47
3BaJIM feKHpHX ( 1803- 75), opIIeHTaJIIIeT 182
3,.eJlbMaHH MoraHH XpHcmatt ( 1698-1767),
cpIIJIOeocp-M:IIeTIIK 69-7 f, f 04
3iiJiep JleoHap,. ( 1707 -83), 3HaM. MaTeMaTIIK II
cp11311K f 25
3ttxropH MoraHH .AJlb6epr (1779-1856),
rrpyeeKHH MHHHeTp rrpoeBeIIJeHHH 105
3ttxropH K.<l>. ( 1781-1854), 3HaTOK II pa3pa6oTqHK roe. H rrpasa fepM:aHIIH 184
3KrOB J(oHpM ( 1720- 78), TeaTpaJibHbIH .a;eHTCJib
128
3JieH111Jierep Atl;aM (1779-1850), .a;aT. rro3T 161
3MMepnx: <f>oH 1ipeiiTett6ax MocH<f>, apxHerrMeKorr
MaiiHIJeKHii [ 1763-44], oTpasJieH 62, 221
3ii:xe~op<f> Mocu<f> <f>oH ( 1788-1857), KpyrrneiiIIIHH II03T 19, 186
3pttecm MoraHH ABrycr ( 1707), HeropIIK,
TeOJIOr, cpll1IOJIOf 14 7
3pHCT-ABrycr ( 1771-1851), KOpOJib faHHOBepeKIIH 196
3pTaJlh, rrpeeMHHK Kypcp10peTa, apxnerrIIeKorra
MaiiHIJeKoro 62
3pTaJlh <J>paHU JlrorotHr ( 1779-1895), KHH3b,
errHeKorr 5aM6epra, B10pIJ6ypra 62, 63
3crepraaH HHKoJiaii IV ( 1765 - 1838), KHH3b,
MeIJeHaT, MY3bIKaHT
3xrepMeiiep Teo,.op ( 1805-44), 11ernrrHeeIJH3JJ;aTeJib, HeTOPIIK 236
I0Jlll.H <f>oH <l>occ, cpasopIITKa <I>pUApIIxaBIIJihreJibMa II 61
I0M,Z1;ae~(1711-76), aHrJI. cpIIJIOeocp 102
HK0611, a.a;peeaT rrIIebMa <I>opeTepa B 1779 r. 56,
91, 150
HKo6c <l>p. ( 1764-1847), cpHJIOJior, rrepese11
MHOro .a;peBHIIX KJiaeeIIKOB 182
Httoa, o.a;IIH II3 octtosaTe11eii rIIMHaeT. 06-aa
178

533
YKA3ATF.Jlb rEOrPA<l>HqECKHH
TOM I
Aa;ien 411
Aapray 302
AaxeH (Axett) 78, 103, 114, 122, 125, 126, 300
a66aTcTBo, BecTMHHCTepcKOM 513
a66aTcTBo, CrrameiiMcKoe 352
ABHHbOH 228, 337
ABCTPmI 11, 75, 77, 173, 218, 328, 334, 351,
415, 428
A3IUI 71, 73
AKi:rttyM 24
AlleMaHIDI 89
MHKaHTe 260
AllbIIhI, ropbr 10, 12, 13, 23, 78, 88, 123, 141,
222, 223, 286, 316, 329, JJ6, J50, J86, J89,
4J2, 523
MbTIJ.Opcp 466
MbTCHe!ll 329
AMepttKa J78, J91
AHrnIDI 103, 14J, 194, 243, 245, 358, 377, 381,
405, 513, 523
Attc6ax 200
ApaBHH, rro.JiyOCTpoB J90
Appac 488
Acrap11. 52
Ayrc6ypr 118, 29J, JOO, JOJ, J11, J12, J18,
320, J77, 388, 390, 392, J96, 397, 400, 402,
403, 412, 413, 440, 443, 507, 509, 517, 524
AcppttKa 75
BaBapHH 11, 75, 140, 254, 328, 339, 351, J90,
415, 502
Dall.CH J89, 523
na3eJib 118, 229, 245, 291, 293, JOO, 321, 339,
346, 349, J50, 352, 466
BaiipeiiT 321
oaJITHHCKoe Mope 10, 30, 351
naM6epr 118, 124, 126, 500
Bap11.0BHK 118
Be6HHreH 411
BeiiepH 140
BeKeJihH6ypr 328
BeJihrIDI 78
Bepr 30
BepJIHH J89, 40J, 41J, 469
BepH 227, 29J, 30J, J89, 509
5JioKc6epr 490, 504

BJiya 400
BoreMHH JO, 17J, JJ6, JJ9, J89
BoJIJibll!Tell.T 2J6
DOJIOHbH 2J7, 239
Bottttrc6epr 490
DOHH 78
Borrrrap11.e 508
Bpatt11.ett6ypr JJ6, JJ9, J86, 390, 415, 4J9, 502
BpayHll!Beitr 127, 294, J88, J89, 475, 50J
Bpeitcray 249, 29J, JJ1, 466, 509
BpeMeH 118, 258, 294, 300
BpecJiaBJib 300, J90
BpeTaHh 169, J58
BpellIIDI J16
BpIOrre 294, 397
BpIOCceJih 412
By3eHTo, peKa 75
ByttILJiay 520
ByoHKOHBeHTO 3J6
BypryHIJ.IDI, o6JI. 119, J58, 415
Byxay 352
BIOpeH 140
Baii6mrnreH 140
BaJIJIIJC 196
BapT6ypr 201, 219, J64
BaTHKaH 357
Be3eJib 352
Be3ep, peKa 12, JO, 2JJ, J29
BeiiJib 466
Beiittc6epr 107, 140, 370
BeKHHrll!TeitH 490
BeJIHKo6pHTaHHH 488
BettrpHH 7J, 75, J10, J58, 488, 505
Betta 118, 178, 244, 249, JOO, J01, JOJ, 316,
J50, J88, J90, 412, 41J, 429, 4J7, 440, 507,
518, 524, 525
BettenHH 173, J08, J57
Bep11.a, peKa 269
Bep11.eH JBO
Bep11.ettcpeJib3e 502
Bepotta 77
BecTcpaJIHH, o6JI. 11, 29, 270, 271, 274, 275,
J81, J89
BeILJiap 341
Bell!ett6eitepH 140

534
B1I3aHnrn: 71, 160
B1I3eHimeilr 503
BnJIJibHeB 242
BHHt(HIII 334
BHHTepryp 306
BucJia, peKa 30
BncMap 316
B1meH6epr 390, 448, 467, 474, 485
Bore3bI, o6JI. 10, 74
BoJira, peKa 70
BopMc 30, 74, 75, 118, 124, 130, 293, 300, 364,
426
B10pTeM6epr 351, 427, 446
B10pu6ypr 118, 227, 251, 352, 371, 390, 505
fa.nJie (C.fa.nJieH) 106, 118, 320, 475, 513
fa.nmrn, o6JI. 24, 59, 74, 75
fa.nb6epIIITat(T 124
faM6ypr 294, 316, 389, 390, 452, 524, 527
faHay 413
faHti:epcreilM 127, 166
faHCBypCT 525
fapOHHa, peKa BO <DpaHUHH 78
fapu 11, 30, 123
feilti:eJib6epr 237, 352, 390, 439, 446, 450, 490
feil3epux 75
fellJib6pOHH 371
feilcMap 89
feJIJibreilM 334
feJibroJiaHtJ;, OCTPOB fepMaHHH 11, 57
feJibMillTat(T 466
feHKHHreH 390
feHHe6epr 427, 503
feHHeray 30
fettyJI 357
fepMaHHJI 10, 11, 12, 13, 19, 23, 24, 27, 28, 29,
30, 34, 37, 39, 42, 46, 50, 52, 59, 61, 70, 73,
89, 91, 98, 101, 102, 103, 106, 110, 118, 119,
120, 121, 122, 124, 126, 127, 130, 135, 136,
137, 140, 142, 143, 149, 150, 151, 162, 168,
170, 181, 182, 184, 189, 190, 196, 205, 210,
218, 222, 225, 226, 231, 232, 233, 234, 245,
249, 250, 254, 256, 260, 262, 263, 270, 274,
278, 282, 283, 286, 294, 308, 309, 320, 324,
333, 334, 337, 346, 348, 350, 352, 353, 355,
356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 362, 363, 365, 367,
369, 375, 376, 377, 380, 381, 382, 383, 385,
386, 389, 391, 392, 394, 395, 396, 397, 406,
411, 415, 420, 422, 423, 426, 428, 432, 435,
440, 444, 447, 449, 450, 451, 453, 454, 455,
456, 458, 461, 465, 470, 480, 484, 488, 489,

490, 491, 493, 502, 503, 505, 507, 508, 512,
516, 518, 520, 521, 522, 523, 524, 527
fecceH-Jl:apMillTat(T 389
fecceH 30, 89, 268, 390, 426
fHJibti:ecreilM 124, 413
fIIpCJiaHt(eH 326
fHpIIIay 106
fJiapyc 460, 505
fJIOKHHU 173
fMIOHt( 311, 410
fHati:eHUeJib 222
foreHIIIrnycpeH (ropa) 140
foJIJiaHti:HJI 12, 329
foJibt(6epr 394
foJibIIITellH 503
fop3eJic6epr 490
focJiap 184
rocpeH 411
fpau 172
fpeilcpeH3ee 326
fpeuHJI 27, 71, 74,
fycceHrocpeH 411
f10uc6ypr 124
Jl:aHHJI 294, 380, 488
Jl:aHI~Hr 294
t(BOp 5paHtJ;eH6yprCKHll 450
t(BOp Ji:pe3t(eHCKHll 450
ti:Bop KacceJibCKH:ii 446
ti:Bop CaKcOHCKHll 450
ti:BOp AHraJibTCKHll 450
Ji:eccay 493
Jl:Herrp (BopuccpeH), peKa 71
Ji:pe3ti:eH 403, 524
Jl:yHail, peKa B ABcTpHH 11, 12, 30, 73, 77, 89,
300, 358, 386, 437
Jl:IOH 481
Jl:IOHKeJibIIIIIIOJib 310
EBporra 9, 13, 22, 27, 62, 159, 190, 191, 226,
227, 260, 330, 340, 357, 358, 360, 377, 378,
389, 391, 428, 465
ErnrreT 24, 104, 477
E:ii3eHax 513
3aa.nbcpeJibt\ 118
3aJibU6ypr 118
3eJiaHti:HJI 57
3eMrrax 259, 330
3ecpJIHHreH 223
3HHt(eJibcpHHreH 371
3oecT 124, 300
J-fapaHJib 69, 297

535
HJLJirrpWI 74
HttreJihcreiiM (HttreJihreiiM) 103, 114
HttreJihqmttreiiH 503
HttroJibIIITaam 354, 390
Httii;, peKa B Httii;rrrr 21
HHJJ;IDI 378, 391, 477
HpJiaHJJ;rrH 206, 207
HCJiaHJJ;rrH 50, 52
Hcrramrn 24, 73, 75, 87, 93, 149, 160, 191, 194,
210, 234, 256, 357, 377, 380, 440, 448, 449,
488, 518, 523
r-so I1TaJIIDI 23, 27, 583 73, 74, 75, 77, 78,
103, 119, 140, 143, 160, 225, 231, 237, 262,
283, 286, 294, 336, 347, 348, 350, 352, 357,
358, 363, 385, 389, 391, 400, 448, 449, 466,
488, 506, 510, 512, 523, 524
ii;p. r-BO I1yii;eH 69
Retta 470
KasKa3 (KoJixrrii;a ii;p.) 259
Karrp 390
KaHHbI 88
Kattocca 134
KarrrreJib 353
Kaprrttrn.H 173, 385
KapJIIIITaJJ;T 375
KapJibIIIreiitt 250
KaprraTbI 10
KacceJib 450
KacTHJIIDI 193
KseJJ;Jirrtt6ypr 124, 527
KeJibH 30, 36, 118, 127, 137, 183, 232, 237,
244, 251, 289, 294, 297, 300, 316, 336, 403,
413, 492, 509
Kettrrrc6epr (KaJirrHHHrpaii;) 390
KettnrcrocpeH 371
KHJib 466
Krrraif 378
Kncpreii3ep, ropa 140
KJIIOHII f 36
KttrrrnrrttreH 484
Ko6Jiem1 140
KoMo 488
KoHCTaHTlfHOIIOJib 74, 358, 390
Kottcram1 124, 230, 274, 293, 321, 338, 346
KopHBaJLJIHC (Koptty3JIJI) 206, 207, 210
KoccpeJIM 493
KpaifJicreifM 481
Kpattax 510
Kpeifii;ett6epr, ropa 490
Kpeccrr 260

Kyp 118
JlaH 70
Jlattii;ay 429
JlaHJJ;IIItyJlb 365
JiayrreH 330
JleiiIIIIllf 303, 316, 390, 443, 502, 513, 524, 526
JlnrHHII 394
JlnM6ypr 318
JlnMMaT 286
Jlnttii;ay 293
JlHHJJ;reiiM 503
JlHHII 118
JinoH 231
Jlnrre 30
JlorpoHbO 488
JloM6apii;IDI 173, 231
JlOHJJ;OH 294, 308, 513
Jlopx 118
JlorapHHfllH 500, 502
Jlyapa, peKa so <l>paHIIHH 75
JlyJttraHWI (IlopryraJI1rn) 75
JlI06eK 294, 300, 306, 316, 373
Mart1,e6ypr 118, 447
Maii;pUA 450
MaifH 10, 89
MaiiHII 118, 124, 137, 182, 251, 293, 299, 300,
318, 336, 352, 355, 481, 507, 508, 516
Map6ypr 234, 375, 450
MaputtbHHo 415, 418
Maptt 75
MapceJib 390
Maprnttc6ypr 507
Mayp 326
MerepJib 523
Mernnttrett 41 1
MeifceH 386
MeKJiett6ypr 394
Mep3e6ypr 118
MeprIIIIOII 394
Mell 380
Mn3rrH, o6JI. 77
MHJiaH 316
Mm1ii;eH 118
Mrrpa6eJib 423
MmmeJibe 237
MoRcaJihBaiK, Mncp. ropa 197, 202, 204, 205
MoRre-KaccnHo 104
Mopr10preH 330
Mopo 488
MypITaJib 389

536
Myp 174
MIOHCTep 509
MIOttxett 524
Haccay-opaHCKttli p;Bop 450
HearroJib 140
Hence 260, 503
HeKKap 10, 78
HeMaH, peKa 13
Hepp;JIIrnreH 501, 502
He<fleJibc 330
Hll)J;epJiaH)J;bI 231, 243, 349, 389, 418, 427, 510,
518
HoBropop; 294
HopBerm1 50, 294
Hopp;ray3eH 183
HopttK 77
HopMattp;mi, o6JI. 245
Hyn:cc 183
HyMn:p;n:H, o6JI. 24
Hroptt6epr 227, 285, 300, 306, 308, 315, 318,
320, 352, 388, 390, 413, 416, 443, 452, 507,
512, 516, 517, 521, 524
06ep-AMMepray 254
0BepHb 123
Op;ep, peKa 12
0Kcyc 21
OrrrrettreM:M 130
Octta6proK 118, 503
O<fl<Jlett6ypr 503
IlaBmi, o6JI. 415, 422, 423
Ilap;ep6opH 502
IlaHHOHl!:H, o6JI. 77, 78
IlarrnyH 73
IIapmK 238, 297, 300, 448, 449, 450, 471
IIaporraMII3 (fttttAyKyrn), ropbr 21
Ilaccay 118
Ilepcmi 390, 477
IIepyp;)!(mI 225
Iln:3a 346
IlIIpetten:, ropbr 74, 193
fIOJibIIIa 358, 488, 505
IIopTyraJIIIH 75, 488
Ilpara 300, 350, 443, 446, 507
IlpaTep 437
IIpereJib, peKa 30
IIpoBattc, o6JI. 193, 194
IlpycrnH 12, 257, 260, 410, 412, 428, 434, 466
IlyaThe 93 ·
II<t>aJibII 336, 385, 389, 390, 427, 482
II<t>oprrreliM 351
PaBettc6ypr 293

Perettc6ypr 118, 244, 318, 390, 413
PeliMc 140, 169
Pelitt, peKa 10, 12, 13, 24, 30, 59, 70, 75, 78,
89, 120, 229, 339, 429, 432
Pelittray 266
PeliTJIIIHreH 388
PeH:xettay 106, 108
Pettxett 523
Pn:M 19, 23, 24, 25, 75, 102, 130, 173, 226,
232, 235, 348, 349, 252, 258, 339, 362, 363,
365, 450, 513, 516
PttHTeJihH 466
Potta, peKa 78
PoccHH 358, 456
PocTOK 316
PorneH:Jib 503
POTett6ypr 228, 229
Porrepp;aM 352
POXJIMII 245
Prorett, ocTpoB 11, 57
CaKcottn:H, o6JI. 140, 271, 336, 339, 351, 389,
415, 426, 427
CaJia 89
Cett-faJIJieH 108, 237
CIIJie3ttH, o6JI. 12, 23, 30, 215, 389, 520
CoKyp 107
CoJioryptt 293
CTeKeJib6ypr 352
CTpac6ypr 229, 230, 244, 245, 293, 297, 300,
315, 318, 339, 340, 349, 515
Tay6ep 228
TllpOJib 11, 217, 377
Torrett6ypr 353
ToJiep;o 193
Topray 512
Toptt 466
Tparre3yttp; 71
TpeBtt3 173
TpII6yp 120
TpIIeCT 173
Tpttp 30, 118, 137, 300;336, 508
Tpya 194
TyJI 380
Tyey3a 75
Typray 287
Typ 102, 400
TropttttreH 386, 389, 390, 427
YJibM 223, 318, 355, 386, 388, 501, 509
YHTepBaJibp;eH 293, 329
Ypn: (Yp) 293, 329
Y<t>ttay 365

537
<l>eJIJiep6epr 490
<l>HJIHIIIIbl 24
<l>HpeHl\YOJia 333
<l>JiaH,ll;plUI 294, 506
<l>Jiopettl\lUI 3 I 6
<l>oJihKHaTcrocpett 321
<l>opxrell:M I I 8
<l>paHKettray3eH 371
<l>pattKOHHH 227, 350, 351, 367
<l>pattKQ>ypT 118, 122, 182, 260, 300, 303, 318,
337, 341, 413
<l>paHl\HH 78, 93, 119, 120, 142, 149, 170, 182,
190, 194, 195, 196, 206, 210, 213, 231, 237,
245, 262, 283, 326, 358, 374, 380, 381, 386,
390, 396, 414, 427, 456, 488, 523
<l>pell:6ypr 229, 293, 331, 509
<l>pH3ax 173
<l>pnyJib 173
<l>yJIM 108
<l>ropT I 18
Uep1rnreHcKoe, rep11orcrno 288
UroJibIIHX 78
UropHX I I 8, I 24, 244, 263, 286, 288, 289, 290,
291, 293, 298, 299, 302, 303
lliaJIOH 75
lllacpray3ett I 24, 229
lIIBa6HH, o6JI. 11, 222, 351, 367, 369, 389, 484,
509
lIIBapl\Ba.JIM I 1, 12
lliBell:ttQ>ypT 32/
lIIBell:11apHH 10, II, 74, 229, 351, 365, 505, 509
lliBel\HH 58, 294, 380, 488

lliBHl\ 293, 329
lIIJie3BHr 70
lIIJieTTIIITaJJ.T I 18
lllornaH,ll;HH 326
lllrrell:ep 30, 124, 230, 293, 300, 341
lllrrell:xep 330
lllrrpe (lllrrpee), peKa 403
lliTaJJ.eJihmQ>ett 326
lIITacpcpeJibIIITell:H 490
lIITell:tt6ax 249, 25 I
lliTeTTHH 3/6
lliTHpHJ!,OOJI. f1, f7f, f7J
lliTOCC 330
lIITJTrapT 390, 436
36eptt6ypr 365
36epc6epr 127
3ii;J:ep 328
3ll:cJie6ett 360
3ll:xrnTe,lJ;T, (3ll:XIIITaT) 118, 352
3JIJiaJJ.a(~p.fpel\HH) 252

3Jib6a, peKa B fepMaHHH 12, 30, 70, 78, 89, 328
3JibBattreH 410, 41 I
3Jih3ac, o6JI. 30, 367, 381, 426, 509
3Mc, peKa B fepMaHIIH 30
3p¢ypT 118, 230, 237, 388, 474, 475
3cJIHttreH 230
3a, ropa 252
3TTHCBHJIJib 267
I06epJIHHrett 29 3
IOcTHHreH 355
.HrroHHH 378

TOM II

AaJib 76
Aapray 206, 230
ABCTPHH 3/, 32, 35, 60, /36, /40, /42, /45,
149, 153, 164, 201, 202, 207, 208, 209, 211,
221, 230
AJibrrhr, rophr 203
AJihTett6ypr 84
AMepHKa 15, 101
AttraJihT-Uep6cT 67, 142
AttrnHH 8, ff, 31, 74, 101, /02, 14/, 211, 230

Attrnrrax 142
Acrrepr 75, 77
Ayrc6ypr 74, 75, 219
AycTepJIHl\ 164
Ay3p6ax 136
Ay3pIIITe,ll;T 164
Baap 206
BaBapHH, o6JI. 76, 85, 89, 146, 201, 202, 209,
21 I, 214, 219, 220, 221
oaJJ,eH 142, 194, 201, 209, 227

538
Ba,l{eH-Ba,l{eH 61
Ba3eJib 100, 152, 230
BaiipeTCKHii ABOp 45
oaJITHiicKoe Mope 203
5aM6epr 62, 63
Eayn1eH 169
DeJibrHH 209, 219, 230
5epJie6ypr 69
EepJIHH 40, 42, 54, 56, 58, 61, 67, 70, 71, 79,
89, 103, 126, 129, 139, 159, 162, 167, 178, 213,
214, 215, 232
BepJIHHCKHii 6aHK 143
EepH 206, 225, 230
BepTOJib,nc,noJJ<t> 67
EHttreH 206
EJiay6ep 77
BoreMHH, o6JI. 201
Eorettray3eH 85
DOHH 128
Epaymrrneiir 142
EpeMeH 219
EpecJiaBJib (Bpol\JlaB) 167, 213
BarpaM 152
BaJIJIMC 230
BaJib,neK (BaJibAeKK) 142
Baprn 193
BapT6ypr 180, 181, 182
BapIIIaBa 31
BaTepJioo 171
Be3ep, peKa 203
BeiiMap 91, 92, 94, 148
BeiicempeJibA 69
BeJIHKo6pMTaHHH 8
Betta 22, 24, 26, 31, 33, 35, 54, 58, 68, 78, 81,
126, 128, 137, 150, 152, 161, 170, 178, 199
BettrpHH 14
BetteU:HH 48
BettcKHii KOHrpecc t 73
BepcMb, pe3JIAeHU:HH qip. KopoJieii 15, 47, 58
BeCT<t>aJI11H, o6JI. 202, 221
Berrepay 69, 71
Bel\Jlap 137
Beillllop 206
BH6JIHHreH 76
BHJibreJibMc6a,l{ 84
BHJibAHc6yx 225
B11ttTeH6epr 67
BHTeHTyp 92
Bnc6a,l{eH 20 t
BnTreHIIITeiiH 69, 70

ByH3H.lJ:eJib t29
ByrrrrepcKAA AOJIHHa 212
BycTepray3eH 41, 42
BropTeM6epr 46, 47, 68, 147, 180, 196, 201,
202, 203, 209, 220
Bropn:6ypr 62, 63, 69
faHHIIX 72
faJIJie 43, 98, 104
fattay 26, 84
faH3eiicKne ropo,na, co103 21
faHHOBep t57, 209
feii.neJib6epr 197
feii3ettreiiMep 201
feiiHHHreH 225
fepMaHHH ft, 14, 21, 35, 47, 49, 61, 62, 66, 68,
69, 71, 72, 153, 164, 165, 167, 168, 169, 170,
173, 175, 179, 180, 181, 191, 194, 196, 199,
200, 201, 202, 203, 206, 207, 208, 209, 211,
212, 218, 219, 220, 221, 226, 231, 233, 239,
240, 242
fepHryT 69
fepn:orcrno oa,l{eHcKoe 211
feccettccKoe repu:orcrno 227
feccett 202, 203
fecceH-l(apMIIITa,l{T 201
feTTHHreH 93, 99, 113
ferrHttreHcKHH YHHBepCHTeT 104
f!Iccett 98, 1t 8
forettacnepr 73
forettreiiM 201
foreHTBllJib 69
foJIJiaHAHH 8, 48, 230
foJiblIITeiitt, o6JI. 202
foptt6epr 206
fo<l>BllJib 20 f
roqiqi 220
foxre:M.Mep 201
fpay6HHAeH 230
fpeU:HH 72
fpoc6epeH 169
fpocrepIIIeH 169
from-16ypr 75
l(aHllH 56, 230
l(eHrHBHU: f 69
.ll,optt6epr 212
.ll,aHU:Hr 21
L{pe3,neH 43, 80, 126, 169, 193
l(peiiCHraKep 20 t
.ll,yttaii, peKa 203
.ll,IOJibMeH 22f

539
,llJOCCeJibAOpcp 126, 214
EBporra 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 49, 56, 103,
144, 170, 194, 207, 230
EHrep 212
)KeHeBa 46
3aa11bcpeJIM t64
3aJibll6ypr 127
3ecpJI1rnreH 76
3oJioTypH 230
l1JIJiep, peKa 76
l1HCTIITyT MOpCKOH TOproBJIH 143
l1oraHHettc6epr 201
l1ocecprmaT (Betta) 30
l1crrattmr 14, 202, 230
l1ccMaxcreil.ep 201
J1TaJIH5I 31, 47, 48, 230
:tietta 28, 29, 99, 153, 156, 164, 178, 180, 181
KaJiy 84
KaJibACpH 221
KaMCHl{ 108
KarreJIJICHAOpcp 206
KamIIT~T 197
KapJicpy3 224
Kal{6ax 169
KeJihH 49, 100, 213, 219
Kett11rc6epr (KaJIHHMHrp~) 89, 109, 112, 167
KeHHfIIITCHH 100
KecTpMl{ 68
Kupxreil.M 77
Ko6JICH1{ 91, 100
KoJIMH 140
KpeTHHreH 225
KypJI5IMM5l, o6JI. B Ilp116aJIT11Ke 81
KypcaKceH 142
Jlay3Hl{ 202
JlaycpcpeH 123, 227
Jlenrrl{ur 38-39, 72, 76, 95, 169
JleiheH 33
JleM6epr 79
Jleott6epr 156
JluMMaT 238
JlHXTCHrail.M 178
JlOHAOH 74, 212
JlIOABHrc6ypr 74, 227
Marae6ypr 163
Mail.H, peKa 69, 201
Mail.HI{ 62, 152
MattrenM 129, 180, 197, 199
Map6ax 119
MapKrpeHMHreH 206
MapKo6pyHttep 201

MernMH 201
MeKJiett6ypr 46, 142, 202
MeMne.nbrapa 46
M11rnBa 8
Mo3e.nb 100, 201
MopyttreH 113
MycKay (My)l<al<OB) 202
M10ttcTep 64-65, 94
MIOHXeH 85, 145, 174, 190, 214, 215, 221
Haccay 201
HayM6ypr 206
HeKKap 201
HHABaJibACH 88
H10ptt6epr 207
06epray3Mll 129
06eproJibl{reil.M 107
06epJiay3Mll 67, 108
0Kcettrpuc 30
0JIA-A6epAHH 84
0JIHMII, MHcp, ropa B AP· fpeurrrr 47
0JibAeH6ypr 193
0THHH 85
IIapmK 21, 31, 46, 103, 141, 149, 161
Ilerep6ypr 31
I111pMa3eHc, MCCTelfKO B Ilpyccrrrr 49
llrrpMOHT 15, 61
IloJibIIIa 195
IloMepamrn, o6JI. 201, 212
IlopryraJII15l 202, 230
IloTC}laM 42, 51' 70
Ilparep 30
llpocKay 201
IlpyccAA 36, 50, 80, 89, 136, 137, 139, 140,
143, 149, 152, 153, 164, 165, 167, 168, 174,
180, 192, 196, 201, 202, 207, 208, 209, 211,
213, 230
Il<!iaJibU 95
Ilcpopureil.M 225
PaMM.enay 129
PacKOJibA 45
Pall!TaTT 199
Perettc6ypr 136, 152, 190
PeiiH, peKa 49, 100, 111, 132, 147, 152, 169,
192, 201, 217
Pennc6epr 50
PeiiTJIHHreH 207, 219
PHM 31, 72, 147, 161
PHMCKAA HMIICpI15I 152
Poccm1. 79, 141, 152, 168, 173, 230
PocTOK 193
Pyp 212

540
Pro.necrell:M 201
CaKcOHHH, o6JI. 72, 201, 202, 209, 219
CaH-Cycn, pe3-l(HH rrpyccKnx KopoJiell: 51
CeBepoaMepHKaHCKHe nnaTbI 208
CuJie3HH, o6JI. 68, 168, 201, 211, 213
CHJib 92
Cupal( 193
CTpaJib3YH.ll 67
CTpac6ypr 82, 1f8
TapaH.na 20f
Tay6ep, peKa 20f
TeccHH 230
THJib3HT f 53
TnpoJib 140, 20f, 202, 22f
Tu<f>ypT 20f
Tpup 221
TyH 206
Typl(HH f32
Tro6uHreH 67, 76, f79, 237
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