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AKAAEM11R HAYK YKPA11HCK0I1 CCP
HHCT11TYT APXEOOfHH
CKMcDbI
CEBEPIIOrO
TIPMQEPHOMOPbH
.CBOPHHK HAY1JHbIX TPY)J;OB
i\11EB
HAYROBA ,D;YMKA
1987

B C60pHHKe rry6JIHI{YIOTCH MaTepHaJIbI, Ka-
CaIOlIeCH pa3JIH'IHblX aCrreKTOB CKHq,CKOll
np06JleMW. 3rra'IHTeJIbHOe BHHMaHlle yAeJIHeTCfl
Borrpocy nnoreue3a CKIlq,OB, H3Y'IeHllIO rrpOI\ec-
ca q,OpIvIllpOBaHIIII CI{lfq,CKoro nHoca. PaCCMa-
'fpI1BaeTCIl np06JIeMa aTIIOreorpaq,IIH CI(If<plIlI,
BbIHcnllIOTCIl rpanlIIbI CI\H<pClwro rrOJIHTHqeCKO
1'0 06'bellllnenllll H pa3MeeIIHIl BXOAHBIIIHX B
ero COCTaB napOAOB rrpHMeI1HTeJIbIIO I{ COBpe-
McnIIOll reorpaq,HqeCIWii I\apTe. C nOll TeMOll
CBII3aII Bonpoc 0 npeaeJI3X pacrrpOCTpaneIIIIII
CI\Hq,CIWM HYJIhTypbI, paCCMaTpHBaeMbIH ITa Ma-
TCpllaJIaX rraMIITIIIIHOB CcnepHoro KaBI;a3a H
JIccocTerrnoll YI;paIlIlbI, TIy6JIHI\YIOTCIl HOBble
MaTepnaJIbI 113 paCKorrOK, rrpOBeaeHHbIX Ha Tep-
pUTOplfII YCCP IJ nOCJIeAlllle rOAbI.
AJIII IICTOpIlIWB, apXCOJIOrOB, pa60TrrHKOB
MY3eeB.
PeAaKI\HOHHaH KOJIJIerHH
IJ. H. M030.1eeCKUU, B. 10. Mypaun
(OTneTCTBeHHblll ceKpeTapb),
E. B. rJepnenKO (OTBeTCTBeHHblH peAaKTOp)
PeI\eH3eHTbl
lb. H. Ma.1eee, A. C. PycReea
PeAaKI\HII JIHTepaTypbl
rro COI\HaJIbHbIM rrp06JIeMaM
aapy6emHblx CTpaH, apxeOJIorllB
B AOKyMeHTaJIHCTHKe
0507000000-32;
C M221(04)-87 - 71-87
/
@ I1SAaTeJIbCTBO «HaYKOBa AYMKa) 1987

I10'ITU BCJI 'IeTBepTaJI RHura « T1CTOplllI»
repoJJ;OTa nOCBJlrn;eHa CKH<paM, CKH<plllI
II OI<pyiI\alOIIJ;eMY ee MIIPY. OHa UMeeT
HenpeXO}]:JIIIJ;ee HaYtIHoe 3HaqeHHe. BbI-
JIble MHeHHJI 06 aTOM BbI}]:a10IIJ;eIllCH npo-
H3Be}]:eHUH KaK CKa30tJHOM OTOllIJIII B npo-
mJIoe. 11cCJIe}]:OBaTeJIU Bce 60JIbme y6eiK-
)J:aIOTCH B oc060H: 1l0CTOBepHOCTII IlpeBHero
aBTopa, CTpeMUBmerOCJI, J.;aH BbIJlCHJleTCH,
C B03MomnOlr TOTIHOCTblO onllcaTb CKJJ<pOB,
npocaUUllmIIXCH TOM, qTO OI<a3allUCb
nepBbJM HapO}]:OM, naHecmUM THiKeJIOe
nopaJIWJme BoeHHON MOrn;U BCJIIJJWrO }J;a-
pHH AXeMemliJ,a II TeM CaMhI!\! YPOHHJIII
ero Mei1\IlYHapOJJ,HbIll npeCTHiK.
CBoe BOCXIIIIJ;eHue CKU<paMu-n06eIlHTe-
JIJlMU repOJJ,OT BbJpa3u.'l CJIeIlY10In;HM 06-
pa30M: «...HIIKaKOH Bpar, HanamnUH Ha
BUX, He MOiKeT HU cnaCTIICb OT HIIX 6er-
CTBOM, UlI 3aXBaTUTb IIX, eCJIH onlI He
3aXOTHT 6bJTb OTKpbJTbIMH: BellI, napollY,
Y IWToporo HeT HH ropoiIoB, HII YKpenJIe-
HUll, lWTOpbIH CBOU JII:IIJIIIIIJ;a nepeHocIIT
C c06oR, r}Ie KaiII:}lbIH - KOHHbIH CTpeJIOK,
r}]:c cpeJ(cTBa I-( iKH3HU L(06bJBaIOTCJI He
3eMJIeL(emleM, a CKOTOBOL(CTBOM, a iKHJIM-
rn;a YCTpaUBalOTCH Ha nOB03Kax,- TaKOMY
napo)],y KaH He 6bITb Hen06e}]:UMbJIIl It He-
rrpucTynHb1M» [fepolloT, IV, 46).
Ha3BaHHbIH Tpyn feponoTa CJIyiKUT
rJIaBHbIM JIHTcpaTypHbIM aHTU'IHblM IICTOq-
HUKOM, Ha KOTOpOM C03}laBaJIOCb CKU<p0-
Be}]:eHue. RaK Y}lUBItTeJIbHO 60raToe II
ern;e HU B KaHoI!: Mepe He HC'leprraHHoe
CBUL(eTeJIbCTBO 0 rrpomROM Hamell CTpaHbl
OH rrpUBReK K ce6e BHUMaHIte aKa}]:eMUI.;a
B. A. PbI6aKoBa, U3L\aBmero 0 HeM crre-
I(lIaJIbHOe HCCReL(OBaHUe *, paCCMOTpeHUIO
1WToporo II rrOCBJIrn;eHa HaCTOHrn;aH CTa-
TbH.
* Pb!6aK06 B, A. fepOAoTona CI(J!(IJlIH.- M.,
1979. AaJIee CCbIJII\H Ha 3TY pa60TY J.\aHbl B
TeKCTe,
I A. N. Tepe1W:J/CnUlf, !
CKH<I>CKHil BOIIPOC
Bo BBe}]:eHulI K cBoei.\: pa60Te OH OTMe-
'IaeT, 'ITO apxeOJIOrUH BHeCJIa 60l[bllIOH
BKJIan B HaYHY, cYIIJ;eCTBeHHo cnoc06cTBO-
BaJIa pa3pa60TKe pa3JIIltJHbIX BonpocoB
IICTOpIIlJ, KYJIbTypb1 II 06rn;ecTBa ItaH ca-
MUX CKII<POB, TaK II rrOL\BRaCTHblx UM Ha-
pO}lOB, rrpeiK}le Bcero 3emeAeJIbI(eB, mlIB-
mHX B CKII<pUU, K BOCTOKY II K 3ana}]:y
OT ):(Henpa. ilOJIOJI\IITeJIbHO On;eIIIIBaeTCJI
cOBpeMeHIIoe paiioHuponaHfte II W1.pTorpa-
<pHpoBaHHe apxeOROrUqeCKUX [IaMHTIlII-
JWB, rr03BOJIJIIOIIlee HaI';Ra!J:bwaTb rra TaRIIe
HapTbJ }]:aHIlble fepo}]:oTa 0 CKUCPUU H
pa3Mern;eHue Ha HHX II 011:pymalOIIllIx ee
rrpe}]:eJIax }]:peBHIIx nReMeH II napO}]:HO-
cTeH. B OTJIU'IUe OT Toro COCTOHHue II3-
yqeHuH reorpa<pIIu H 3THorpa<plIu cTpaHbI
B HOBbJX Tpynax BbI3BaJIO Y B. A, PbJUaKO-
Ba BeCbMa OTplIn;aTeJIbHYIO OI(eHI';Y. TaK,
paCCMOTpeB llIeCTb HOBbJX KapT CKU<pUlI,
ony6JIUKOBaHHblx M. II. ApTaMOHOBb1M 1,
'A. IT. Cl\mpHOBbIM 2, B. H. fpaIWBblM 3,
B. A. 11JIbIIHCKOll U A. 11. TepeHOiI\KlI-
IIbIM 4, OH CneJIaJI CJIenYIOrn;UH neYTemlI-
TeJIbHbIH BbIBOJJ;: «...HII O}lHY U3 npellJIO-
iKeHHb1X llIeCTH cxeM HeJIb3H B3HTb 3a
OCHOBy npu naJIbHellIJIlIX UCCReiIOnaHUJlX,
TaK Kal-( rrO}lp06HaH JIOBaJl aprYI\1CHTan;UJI
OTcyTcTByeT, B3rJIJlnbI npe}lmeCTBCHHIII';OIt
lleTaJIbHON HpUTIIKe He nO}]:BeprHYTbI. IT pH
3TIIX YCJIOBUHX pa3HbIe U npOTIIBOpeQlI-
BbJe rlInOTe3bI npOCTO noramalOT }]:Pyr
jI,\lyra. KaK BH)l,IIM, KaVT)' reQo)l,01:o\>,O\\.
CKII<pUU He06xo}]:HMO C03naBaTb 3aHOBO»
(c. 16).
BTOpUqnO, B03Bparn;aHCb K COCTOHHUIO
OCBern;eHIIJI reorpa<plIu CKH<pUH HllJKe,
B. A. PbI6aKoB, B 06IIJ;eM, rrOBTopHeT
Te me 3aMetJaHlJH. CBoe rrepBoe 3aJmro'1e-
Hue OIl IIJIJIIOCTpHpOBaJI cxeMaMII, KOTO-
pble, JIK06bI, 06Ha PYiKuBalOT OTCYTCTBUC
B pa3MeIIJ;eHUU Ha cOBpeMeHHoH KapTe
KaKorO-HII6Y!I,b e}]:uHcTBa B JIOKaml3aI(lIH
3

Aame BaiKHellllIIIX rrJICMeH, nepe'IHCmle-
MbIX fepO}]:OTOM; 6Y}]:IIHbI, HeBpbI, 1I1eJIaH-
XReHbI, CKII<pbI-rraXaplI n }]:p. B aTOM II
06HapYiKIIBaeTCJI cyrn;eCTBYIOrn;ee npOTII-
BOpe'IlIe B rrOHIIMaHlI1I IICTOplI1I II reorpa-
'<p1I1I (C. 13, 17).
060cHOBbIBaR: CBOH BarJIR:}]: BO BTOpOM
'CJIy-qae, E. A. PbI6aKoB rrlImeT: «COOT-
'BeTCTBUJI C }]:aHnbIMII fepo}]:oTa He ,l{OCTUr-
JIa HII O}]:Ha 113 aTIIX KapT, 'ITO BII}]:110
XOTR: 6bI II3 Toro, 'ITO Ha Tpex 113 HIIX
(CMlIpHOB, 1966, fpaKoB, 1971, Tepe-
HOiKKIIH, :I1JIbIIHCKaR:, 1971) COBceM OT-
CYTCTBYIOT reJIOHbI, rro}]:p06HO 06plIcoBaH-
Hble I'epo}]:oToM. feJIOHbI pO}]:CTBeHHbI
cKu<paM rro JIereH}]:e 0 CbIHOBbJlX fepaKJIa;
()HII nOCeJIIIJIIICb B 3eMJIe 6Y}]:IIHOB; B IIX
3eMJIe 6bIJIII aJIJIIIHCKIIe Kyrrn;bI; reJIOHbI
nOCTpOHJIII rlIraHTCKIIl1 }]:epeBR:HHbrH ro-
po}]:... :I1wbJlTHe reJIOHOB 113 MCTopIIKo-ap-
XeOJIorH'IeCROH KapTbI JlBJIR:eTCJI CBlIne-
TeJIbCTBOM HepellIeHHOCTII rrp06JIeMbI repo-
}]:OTOBCKIIX rrJIeMeH B eJIOM,
BRe rrOJIH 3peHIIJI ORa3aJIIICb II OKpalH-
HbIe ara<plIpCbJ, 0 IWTOPbIX He yrrOMIIHaJIII
}]:aiKe Tor}]:a, Iwr}]:a pe'Ib mJIa 06 apxeOJIO-
'rH'IeeKHX naMJlTHIIKaX no )J,HecTPY»
(c. 104-105).
PaccMaTplIBaeMaR: MHOIO KlllIra B oc-
HOBHOM rrOCBR:rn;eHa BceCTopOHHeMY aHa-
JIH3Y TeKCTa CKII<pcROrO paCCKa3a, a 3a-
KJIIO'IIITeJIbHble rJIaBbI:- CBe;J;eHIIIO BbITe-
I<alOrn;UX 113 Hero 0606IIJ;alOIIJ;IIX BbIBO}]:OB
Boe}]:IHIO. fJIaBbJ, B KOTOpbIX paCRpbJBaeT-
CfI npe}]:1I1eT H3y-qeHlIfI, II}]:YT B CJIe}]:YIOrn;eM
nopR:i\Re: «PeKII CKII<pUII», «'YCTHbJe IIC-
'TOqHIIKII fepO}]:OTa», «fepO}]:OT II apxeOJIO-
rHH», «<1>paRIIHCKO-CI\H<pCKIIH noxo)]: )J,a-
plIJI I'IIcTacrra», «ihHOreorpa<puJI CKII-
<PHil», {(CIWJIOTbJ-rrpaCJIaBR:He». CBOJO 3a-
}]:a'IY B HaCTomn;eM 0630pe JI OrpaHII'IIIBaIO
TOJIbKO BorrpocaMII reorpa<p1I1I II aTHoreO-
rpa<pull CKU<pIIII, a rrpaCJIaBfIHCKaH npo-
QReMa KaK HOCR:IIJ;aR: OC06bIH xapaKTep
(JilycKaeTcJI ,
B CI<II<pCKOM paccRa3e, KaI'; aTO II rrpll-
HJlTO B HaYKe, E. A. PbI6aKoB BlIlUlT npe-
iK}]:e Bcero CTpeMJIeHlIe fepO}]:OTa C B03-
Mo»moH rrpaB}]:IIBocTblO rrpe}]:cTaBIITb
TeaTp BOHHbI )J,apIIJI B CKII<pIIII. B I\a'Ie-
CTBe OCHOBbI reorpa<pIIII CKII<pIIU, Ha RO-
TOPYIO orrIIpaeTCJI U reorpa<pJIJI OJ'PY»-\aIO-
rn;ero ee MIIpa, OH rrpHRIIMaeT TOT KBa-
J\paT, KOTOPOMY ny CTpaHY yrro}]:06IIJI
ApeBHIIH aBTOp. TIo ero paC'IeTaM, OHa,
npOTJlRYBmHCb B}]:OJIb rr06epeil\bJl qepHo-
ro II A30BCIwro Mopell rrplI6JIII3UTeJIbHO
Ha 700 KM, }]:OJIiKHa 6bIJIa rrpOCTIIpaTbCR:
Ha TaKoe iKe paCCTOR:HlIe II Ha ceBep, r}]:e
3aHaH'IIIBaJIaCb C rrpII6JIHiKeHlIeM, Heco-
MHeHHO, I, 300e JIeca (c. 16-25).
PeKoHcTPYlIpYJI KapTY CKR<pIIII,
B. A. PbI6aKoB PYKOBO}]:CTByeTCJI CIICTC-
MOH peR, B KOTOPOH, rrpn OTCYTCTBIIII
}]:PyrIIx npII3HaKOB, fepO}]:OT BII}]:eJI OCHO-
BY CBoero reorpa<pII'IeCIWrO orrlIcaHIIH.
PaCCMaTplIBaIOTCJI OHU, KaK II Y I'epo}]:o-
Ta, B "IJopR:}]:Ke C 3arra}]:a oa BOCTOI';:
:I1CTP - )J,ynaH, Tupac - )J,HecTp, flIrra-
HIIC - Byr, EopIIc<peH - )J,Herrp. TaKoe
OTOiK}]:eCTBJIeHlIe pCK C'IIITaeTCfI 06rn;enplI-
3HaHHbIM B HaYKe 6JIaro}]:apJl xopOllIeMY
OCBe}]:OMJIeHIIIO CI\H<POB II rpeKOB, KOTOpble
06 nlIx TeppIITOpllR:X paCCKa3bIBaJIH fe-
pO}]:OTY, a I,;pOMe TOro, II caM OH n06bIBaJI
B ee npe}]:eJIax.
B HecpaBHIIMo 60JIee CJIOiKHble YCJIOBIIJI
rrorra}]:aeT IICCJIe}]:OBaTeJIb, Kor}]:a OH 06pa-
rn;aeTCR: K OTOiK}]:eCTBJIeHUIO peK, nepC'IIIC-
JIeHHbIX IICTOpIIROM, K BOCTOKY OT )J,He-
rrpa, OTHOCIITeJIbRO IWTOPbIX aTOT rrOCJIe}]:-
nHH 6bIJI cJIa60 OCBe}]:OMJIeH 1I3-3a }]:aJIb-
HOCTII pacrrOJIOmeHIIfI II CJIOiKHOCTII reo-
rpa<pII'IeCKOll: cIITyan;lIlI. B. A. PbI6aKOB
}]:aJI TaRIIe OTOiK}]:eCTBJIeHIIR:: TIaHTIII<an -
BOpCKJIa, flIrraKlIplIC - I\OIIKa, fepp-
MOJIO'IHafI, TaHalIC - CeBepCKIIH )],onen;
C HlIiKHIIM Te'IeRlIeM )J,OHa, a ClIpruc-
)J,OH }]:O Brra}]:eHIIJI B Hero CeBepCKoro
)J,OHu;a. Ha TaR COCTaBJIeHHYIO I{apTY peI{
OH HaJIOiKlIJI aTRorpa<pII'IeClme CBe}]:eHIIR:,
IIMelOrn;lIeCR: B 'IeTBepTOll Imllre « :I1CTO-
P 1111 » fepO}]:OTa 0 caMoH CKII<p1I1I II 06
OKpymaBllIeM ce rrJIeMeHHOM MHpe, II
}]:aHHbIe 0 pa3Mern;eHIIII apXeOJIorlI'IeCKUX
KYJIbTYP B lOiKROH rrOJIOBUHe EnporreH-
CKOH 'IaCTII CCCP, rrplIBe}]:eHHble B pa60-
Tax B. A. :I1JIbIIHCKOH U MOIIX.
:I1ToroM IICCJIe}]:OBaHHJI JlBIIJIaCb HOBaJl
KapTa fepO}]:OTOBOH CKII<pIIII, KOTopafI
OKa3aJIaCb BO MHorux OTHOllIeHHJlX O'IeHb
CIIJIbHO OTJIII'IalOrn;eHCJI OT Bcex ee KapT
}]:O CIIX rrop ony6JIIIHOBaHHbIX apxeOJIora-
Mil (c. 191).
Ha nOH KapTe B rrpe}]:eJIax CIUI<pcKoro
KBamjaTa B CTcrrHOM ITplI'IepHOMOpbe pa3-
!IIern;eHbJ ara<pIIpcbI Ha 3arra}]:e, }]:aJIee
KaJIJIIIrrH}]:bJ, aJIa30HbI, CKII<pbI u;apCKlIe II
CKII<pbI-IW'IeBHIIKII. B ceBepHoll qaCTII TO-
1'0 iKe OCHOBHoro KBa}]:paTa CKlI<pIIH rro-
Mern;eHbI K 3ana}]:y OT )J,Herrpa }]:O )J,HecTpa
CKOJIOTbI, rro}]: UMeHeM KOTOpbIX 06'be}]:IIHe-

r ern pI
PHC, 1. HapTa CRHq,HII IIO B. H. rpaKOBY.
HbI rraMJlTHliKII JIOKaJIbHhIX rpynn CKII<p-
WOll KYJIbTypbI JIeCOCTenlI, 3aHliMaBmHX-
CJI 3eMJIe}J;eJIIIeM, - I\HeBCKaJl II }J;Be no-
}J;OJIbCKIIe; K BOCTOKY OT AHenpa J]:O 6ac-
ceHna CeBepCKoro AOHu;a - reJIOHbI C ro-
pO}J;OM feJIOHOM, KOTOpbIM aBTOp, CJIelJ.YJI
B. A. IlIpaMKo II pfI}J;Y }J;PYrIIX yqeHbIX 5,
BII}J;IIT B orpOMHOM EeJIbCKOM ropo}J;HIIJ;e
Ha BOpCKJIe. .
OKpymeHIIe CKII<pIIII COCTaBJIfIlOT CJIe-
AYIOIIJ;IIe nJIel\18Ha: B ropHoM KpbIMY Ha-
XOL(fITCfl TaBpbI, B TIpIInJlTCKOM TIOJIeCbe
II cenepnee - HeBpbJ, KOTOpbIMU npH3Ha-
JOTCH 1weMeHa MIIJIOrpa}J;cRoH KYJIbTypbI;
B 6acceHHax AeCHbJ II CerrMa - 6YJ]:IIHbI,
KOTOpbIMII npII3HalOTcH nReMeHa lOX HOB-
CJWH KYRbTypbI; 3a TaHancoM, KOTOpbIH
CqIITaeTCH CeBepCI{IIM AOHn;OM, BIIJ]:IIM
caBpoMa TOB (cIIpMaT?) II MeJIaHXJIeHOB,
a K ceBepy OT HIIX (TO'IHee, K ceBepo-3a-
na}J;Y) - <pIIccareToB (ropo}J;eU;KafI KYJIb-
Typa) II IIIIpKOB ()],bHKoBcKafI KYJIbTypa).
TOJIbKO B cTenHoH nOJIOBIIHe CKII<pcKoro
KBa)],paTa MbJ Haxo)],HM Te me nJIeMeHa,
'Q\
'f.\\.
(,


\)
'!,
KaKlIe B ee rrpe)],eJIax 'IaCTO II B TOM me
reorpa<pH'IeCKOM nopJl}J;J{e C 3anaJ]:a Ha
BOCTOK 0603Ha'Ia1OTCfI Ha KapTax CI\H<pO-
Be}J;OB - KaJIJIIInII}J;bJ, aJIa30HbI, CI{II<PbI
U;apCKlie II CKII<pbI-JW'IeBHIIKII - Tor}J;a
KaK Bce OCTaJIbHOe nO}J;BeprHYTO nepeCMO-
TPY. PaCCMOTpIIM COCTaBJIeHHYIO TaKliM
06pa30M ImpTY fepO}J;OTOBOH CI\H<pIIJI B
conOCTaBJIeHIIJI C TeMII <PaI{TII'IeCI\H1\1II
CBe}J;eHIIfIMII, KOTOpbJe }J;peBHIIH aBTOp
C006IIJ;aeT B 'IeTBepTOII KHIIre «I1CTO-
PIIII}), H IIMelOIIJ;IIMIICfI L(aHHbIMH apxeo-
JIOrIIII.
TIpemL(e Bcero, KOHe'IHO, 0 CJWROTaX-
3eMRe}J;eJIbn;aX B JIeCOCTenii MeiHJ]:Y )J.He-
CTpOM H AHenpOM. TaKoro nReMenJI HRII
rpynnbJ nJIeMeH fepOL(OT B CKII<pIIII He
3HaJI. OHU BOCC03}J;aHbI aBTopOM IICCJIe}J;O-
BaHIIfI, C O}J;HOM CTOpOHbJ, II3 CKH<poB-na-
xapeH, KOTOpbIX feponOT YHa3bJBaJI B
npaB06epeiHHOII JIecocTenII, II CKII<pO B -
3eMJIe}J;eJIbn;eB, IWTOPbIX OH npo'Ino JIOKa-
JIII30BaJI TOJIbKO K BOCTOKY OT AHenpa
[fepoAoT, IV, 18-191.
5

HeBepOHTHOCTb rrOHBJIeHHH na KapTe
CKH<pHII oco6bJX CKOJIOTOB-3eMJIeJ]:eJIbIWB,
rrOMHMO HeB03MOlImOCTII CJIHHHIIH B HX
COCTaBe IIpaB06epemubJX II JIeBo6epemHbIX
OCeJ]:JIbIX IJJIeMeH, 3aKJIIO'IaeTCH, KOHe'IHO,
B TOM, qTO J]:JIH fepOJ]:OTa CHOJIOTaMII Ha-
3bIBaRII Ce6H CaMII CHII<pbJ u;apCKIIe: ero
CBHJ]:eTeJIbCTBO 06 aTOM HerrpepCKaeMO.
B KHHre B. A. PbJ6aKOna OCHOBHOiI MII<p
o IIpoHcxomJ]:eHHH CKII<pCJtIIX n;apeH H po-
)],OB, RJIH IIJIeMeH CKII<pOB u;apCltHX, ORa-
3aJICH rrepeHeCeIJHbIM Ha OCe,l{JIbIX 3eMJIe-
)],eJIbu;eB, 'IaCTb KOTOpbJX, IJpemiJ:e Bcero
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TOJIbKO IJO cBoeMY Ha3BaHHIO, TaR RaK
JlBJIHJIRCb aBTOXTOHaMR, BeJ]:YIIJ;HMH Ha'Ia-
JIO OT 6eJIOrpYJ]:OBu;eB H qepHORecu;eB KOH-
u;a 3rrOXII 6pOH3bJ II L(OCKH<pCIWH rropbI
mOJIe3UOro BeKa. aT TaprliTaR, CbIHa 3eB-
ca II ,l{O'IepH peKII BopHc<peHa, KaK rOBO-
pHTCH B MII<pe, POJ]:UJJCR IIepBO'IeJIOBeR
TaprliTaH, IIMCBillHll Tpex cbiHoBeH.
«II BOT,- ItaK nlImeT J]:peBHHH aBTOp,-
OT JlIIrrOJtCaR-J]:e rrpOlI301lIJIII Te C1H1<pbI,
ROTopbIe HOCJlT Ha3BaHIIe po)],a aBxaTon;
OT cpeJ]:Hero 6paTa AprroKcaH - Te, 'ITO
Ha3bIBalOTCH KaTlIapaMII II TpacrrHHMH; a
OT MRaJ]:llIero, u;apR, Te, qTO Ha3bIBaJOTCH
napaJIaTaMII; o6IIJ;ee me Ha3BaHHe Bcex
HX - CKOROTbI, rro IIMeHH OJ]:Horo u;apH;
cKH<paMH Ha3BaJIH HX aJIJIHHbI» [fepO,l{OT,
IV,61.
fJIaBHbJH aprYMeHT, rrOJIbaYHCb ROTO-
pbIM B. A. PbJ6aKOB rrepeHec reHeaJIOrlI-
'IeCJtHH MII<p CJtlI<pOB u;apCltlIx Ha 3eMJIe-
J]:eJIbu;eB, 3aRJIlOqaeTCR B TOM, 'ITO B CO-
CTaBe ne6eCHbIX J]:apOB, no J]:aHHbJM aToro
MII<pa, 6bIJIH, rrOMIIMO ceKlIpbJ H 'IallIlI,
IJRyr II HpMO - rrpeJ]:MeTbI 3eMReJ]:eJIb'Ie-
CHIIC. CJIeJ]:OBaTeJIbUO, H caM MII<p J]:OJImeH
6bW rrpHnaJ]:RemaTb 3eMJIeJ]:eRbU;aM, 'ITO H
IJ03BORHeT nepeHeCTII HMCUHO Ha HIIX Ha-
3BaHue CJWROTOB. AOBOL(bJ B. A. PbJ6aKO-
Ba CBOJ]:HTCJI Jt CJleL(YIOIIJ;eMY: «ITJIyr C
RpMOM nOCTaBReH cpeJ]:H CBRIIJ;eHHbIX J]:a-
pOB na nepBoe MeCTo, 'ITO II 3aCTaBJIHeT
,CBH3bJBaTb )],aHHYIO JIereHJ]:Y rrpeiItL(e Bcero
C 3eMJIeJ]:eJIb'IeCJWH JIeCOCTenoH 30HOH
CKH<PIIII». «CBHIIJ;eHHOe 30ROTO 'n;apn 06e-
peralOT H qTYT emeroJ]:HbJMII 06IIJIbHbJMH
iKepTBonplIHomeulIHMll nOJ]: OTKpbJTbIM
He6oM. EIIJ;e pa3 MbJ MomeM y6enlITbcJI B
TOM, qTO fCpOL(OT 'IeTKO pa3mrqaR co6-
CTBeUHO CKII<P0B II CKII<P0B-CKOJIOTOB - IIX
rrpa3L(HeCTna II mepTBOnpHHOmeuuH OH
OnHCaJI pa3J]:eJIbHO, II TaM, rJ]:e onlICbIBa-
6
roTCH 60iReCTBa CKII<pOB-KO'IeBHHKOB, npH-
HeceHlIe mepTB B 6e3ReCHOH CTerrlI, TaM
He yrrOMHHaeTCH rrOqlITaHHe 30JIOTorO
rrJIyra H JlpMa, a rOBOpllTCJI 0 rrOJtJIOHeHHIl
Me'IY H 3almaHIIII rrJIeHUIIKOB... CTpaHa
IIOqHTaTeJIeH naXOTHOH ynpHmHll 3eMJIe-
L(eRbu;eB-CKOJIOTOB HaXOL(IITCH He B IOmHOH
CTemr, ceBepuee KOTOpOH mlIBYT rraxapH.
aHa HaXOJ]:IITCH Ha ceBepHOM rrpeJ]:eJIe
J]:OCHraeMOCTll, ua Py6eme 3acuemeHUbIX
rrpOCTpaHCTB) .
ITpOJ]:QRrKaH pa3BHBaTb CBOIO MbICJIb,
B. A. PbJ6aIWB numeT J]:aJIee: «EJ]:UHCT-
neHuaH 06JIaCTb B BOCTO'IllOH EBpone
BHYTPII CKH<pCKoro KBaL(paTa, IWTOPYro
MOrKHO OTOm}l,eCTBIITb CO CTpaHoii rrO'III-
TaTeJIeH nJIyra, CTpaHOM, yrrpaBJIHeMOH
rrOTOMKaMH TaprlITaJl II KORaltcaH, aTO -
06RaCTb 3eMJIeJ]:eJIb'IeCKIIX CKII<pC1\HX rrRe-
MeH CpeJ]:uero I10JIHerrpOBbH. CJlenYH
aJIJIIIHCJWH Tpa,D,IIU;UIl Ha3bIBaTb iI\llTeJIeH
aTaH CTpaHbJ CltII<paMU ('ITO, O'IeBIIJ]:HO,
rrO,l{KperrJIHJIOCb BxomJ]:eHlIeM ee B CRH<p-
CRYro <peJ]:epan;HIO), fepOJ]:OT II rrHllIeT 0
HHX KaR 0 CRJI<pax, HO BCer,l{a )],o6aBJIHeT
nOHCHHIOIIJ;IIH arrHTeT: «CHll<pbJ-naxaplI»
(T. e., (<HeHaCTOHIIJ;IIe CKII<pbI», iKlIBYIIJ;lle
HeIW'IeBbJM 6bJTOM), «Cltll<PbI-3eMJIeJ]:eJIb-
D,bJ» .
ITo C'IaCTbIO, OH HameJI HyiRHbIM Bce iRe
J]:aTb OKOH'IaTeRbHoe pa3'bHCHeHlIe, rrepe-
qlICJIIIB 3eMRH nOTOMKOB TaprliTaH II CKa-
3aB, qTO BceM IIM B cOBoRynHocTII IIMJI
CKOROTbI, a CKu<paMII (O'IeBIIJ]:HO, rro aHa-
JIOrHII C oKpymaBllIlIMII rpeROB JIeHCTBH-
TeJIbHbJMll CKH<paMII) IIX Ha3bIBaJIII rpe-
KH-KOJIOHIICTbI. 11TaK, MbI nOJIyqlIJIH npa-
BO HMeHOBaTb nHerrpOBCKO-L(HeCTpOBCKHH
MaCCHB 3eMJIeneJIb'IeCKIIX KYRbTYP CKII<p-
CJwro BpeMeHH II CKII<pCJWro 06RIIKa ero
caMoua3BaHIIeM - CKOJIOTaMll» (C. 216-
217) .
Bo BceM 1I3JIOmeHJlOM 0 cKoRoTax-3eM-
JIeJ]:eJIbn;aX MomHO o6HapymHTb TOJIbJW
y6emL(eUHOCTb, HO He y6eJ]:IITeJIbHOCTb, He
J]:OKa3aTeJIbCTBa. BbJHymJ]:eH nOBTopUTb,
'ITO rrpeL(aUlIe 0 rrpOIICXOrKJ]:eUIIII CKll<p-
CKIIX u;apeH II CKII<pOB U;apCHHX, Ha3bIBaB-
1lIIIXCH, rro fepOJ]:OTY, CJWJIOTaMII, HllKa-
KIIM 06pa30M npllJIIICaTb 3eMReJ]:ORb'Ie-
CKIIM oCeL(RbJM nReMeuaM UeRb3J1,
fepOJ]:OT HH'Iero He 3HaJI 0 3eMJIeJ]:eRbU;ax-
CKOROTax: B ero 3arrlICHX CJWJIOTbI - KO-
'IeBbIC CKII<pbJ U;apCKlIe.
Mu<p 0 ne6eCHbIX L(apax 'IymJ]: HapOL(aM
EBponeHCKOH tracTH CCCP. CRa3aHIIe aTO,

I
RaR rrO'ITII BCe B I\YJIbType CRU<pOB, JlBHO
rrpUBHeCeHO U3 rJIy6uH A3UU, C BOCTORa,
CaMUMII CRU<paMII. 11paHucTbI 06paTUJIU
BHHMaHHe Ha TO, 'ITO rrOJ]:06HOrO iKe pOJ]:a
JIereHJ]:bI 6bmu llIUPOIW pacrrpOCTpaHeHbI
TaM. CaMYIO 6JIU3I\YIO, HO He 3aBUCJlIIJ;YIO
OT fepOJ]:OTa aHaJIoruro IT 'IepHOMopCKOMY
CRU<PCROMY MU<py 06HapYiKUJI iK. AIOMe-
3UJIb. TaR, rro Rypn;ulO Py<PY, CRU<pbJ, B
J]:aHHoM cJIY'Iae cpeJ]:Hea3uaTcI\ue caI';u,
OTrOBaplmaH AJIeRcaHJ]:pa OT rroxoJ]:a npo-
TUB HUX, 3aJlBJIJlJIU: «3Hall, 'ITO MbI nOJIY-
'IURII J]:apbI: ynpJliKRy 6bJROB, nJIyr, RO-
rrbe, CTpeJIY II 'IallIY. CBOUM J]:PY3bJlM MbI
J]:aeM rrJIOJ]:bI, J]:06b1Tble TPYJ]:OM 6bIIWB, C
HUMU iKe BMeCTe MbI nOJIb3yeMCJI 'IallIeH,
B03JIUBaJl BUHO 60raM; BparOB MbJ rropa-
iKaeM u3J]:aJIU CTpeJIOH, B6JIU3U - RonbeM»
[RYPUII Py<p, VII, 8, 18-19]. MUMO
TaRUX C006IIJ;eHUll, O'IeBUJ]:HO, npollTu
HeJIb3J1: CRa3aHue 0 TapruTae OTHOCUTCJI
R CI\II<paM n;a PCRUM, 'ITO, eCJIU CJIeJ]:o-
BaTb fepOJ]:OTY, HURaROMY nepeCMOTpy He
rrOJ]:JIeiKIIT.
Bonpoc 0 reJIOHax. RaR H B CJIyqae CO
CROJIOTaMU-3eMJIeJ]:eRbn;aMU, rrplIxOJ]:IITCJI
OTMeTUTb, 'ITO B 'IeTBepToH RHure « MCTO-
PIIU» fepoJ]:oTa HU'Iero He co06m;aeTCJI 0
RaROM-JIu60 rrpuCYTCTBUU reJIOHOB B CRII-
<puu, B npeJ]:eJIax CRu<pCRoro RBaJ]:paTa,
HH'Iero B Hell He rOBOpUTCJI U 0 HaXOiKJ]:e-
HIIU Ha ero TeppUTOpUU ropoJ]:a feJIOHa.
3eMRJI reJIOHOB 0603Ha'IeHa Ha RapTe
B. A. PbI6aROBa 060c06ReHHO, I\aR caMO-
CTOHTeRbHaJl no 3aHuMaeMOH TeppuTopUII,
'ITO He COOTBeTcTByeT C006IIJ;elUIIO fepo-
J]:OTa 0 TOM, 'ITO reJIOHbI iKUJIU B 3eMJIe
6YJ]:IIHOB [fepoJ]:oT, IV, 108-109]. 3eMRH
JKe 6Y}IIIHOB, RaR OTMe'IeHO yiKe BbIme,
0603Ha'IeHa R ceBepy OT CRU<pUU, B 30He
JIeca rro 6accellHaM AecHbI U CeUMa, TO
eCTb TaM, rJ]:e IIX TaRiKe He 3HaeT fepo-
J]:OT. AJIJI TaRoH JIORaJIU3aUII 3eMRII 6y-
}IUHOB B. A. PbI6aRoB BocnORb30BaJICJI
npe}IaHUeM 0 rrpuxoJ]:e HeBpoB C ux rrepBo-
HaqaRbHOH pO}IIIHbI, B ROTOpOM ynOMJIHY-
TO, 'ITO OHU noceRum1Cb B 3eMJIe 6yJ]:UH.
TeppuTopIIH HeBpIIJ]:bI B nacTomn;ee Bpe-
MJI apxeoJIOrUqeCRU onpeJ]:eJIeHa, O'IeBuJ]:-
HO, BeCbMa npO'IHo B 06JIaCTU IT pllrrJlT-
CRoro IToRecbH U ceBepHee (UCCReJ]:OBaHUJI
0, H. MeRbHUIWBCKO{I), a OTCIO;:J:a U cJ]:e-
JIano 3aRJIIO'IeHne, 'ITO 6YJ]:IIHbI J]:OJIiKHbI
6bIRU ,RUTb B 6JIUJI>allllIeM coceJ]:CTBe, 'ITO
U n03BORURO OTOJI{}IeCTllRJlTb IIX C nJIeMe-
HaMU IOXHOBCROII RYJIbTypbI, Aa, J]:ellCTBU-
I.
TeJIbHO, y fepOJ]:OTa C006IIJ;aeTCJI, 'ITO HeB-
pbI nOCJIe nepeCeJIeHUJI (<IIoceJIUJIUCb BMe-
CTe C 6YJ]:UHaMH» [fepoJ]:oT, IV, 105].
TaRoe ux 'l:eppllTOpUaJIbHOe c6JIUJI{eHUe
B npeJ]:aHUU, BepOHTHee Bcero, 06'bHCHJleT-
CJI cRy-qaHHocTblO, MOiKeT 6bITb, J]:aiKe
orrUCROfr. fepoJ]:oT, yJ]:eJIUB B CBoelI RHure
oc060e BHUMaHlIe 1I306paiKeHuIO TeaTpa
BOllHbI AapuJI co cRu<paMH, HurJ]:e He UC-
nOJIb30BaJI ynOMuHaHUJI 0 paCCeJIeH1I1I
HeBpOB B 3eMJIe 6YJ]:UHOB, a YRa3bIBaeT ee
COBceM B J]:pyrOM MeCTe.
QT06bI OOOCHOBaTb TaRoro pOJ]:a RapTY
fepOJ]:OTOBOii CRU<pUH, B. A. PbI6aIWB
06pam;aeTCJI R yrRy6RcHHOMY paCCMOTpe-
HIIIO xOJ]:a II MapllIpYTa BTOpJI\eHHJI Aa-
PUJI B CI\U<pUIO. Bce ero BlIlIMaHlle 13 8TOM
CJIY'Iae cocpeJ]:OTO'IeHO Ha TOM, 'IT06bI RaK
MOiKHO 60JIee CORpaTuTb J]:JIUHY noxoJ]:a,
B aTOM OH PYROBOJ]:CTByeTcJI eJ]:IIHCTBeHHO
CpOROM B 60 J]:Hell, 0603Ha'IeHHbIX, no no-
BeCTBOBaHUIO, Y3JIaMU Ha peMHe, nepeJ]:aH-
HOMY uOHuiin;aM, OXpaHJlBllIUM MOCTOBYIO
nepenpaBY nepCOB Ha 11cTpe (Ayrrae).
IIO}IC'IIITbIBaH paCCTOHHue, I\alwe MorRU
rrpollTu BOHcRa AapuH Ha BOCTOI\ U 06paT-
no B Te'IOIIIJe YT\a3aUTloro Romp10CTBa
J]:HeII, B. A. PbI6aIwB }IORaeT BbIBO}I, tITO
OllU HII B IweM CRY'Iae ne MorJIU npOHlfR-
HYTb Ha BOCTOI\ 3a Tallauc, a J]:OJImHbI
6bmu, BonpeRU C006m;eHulO fepO}IOTa,
npeKpaTIITb CBOll noxoJ]: 3Ha'IIITeJIbHO
panbllIe. IT pOU3BeJ]:JI COOTBeTCTBYIOm;ue
apu<pMeTU'IecI.;ue paC'IeTbI, OH YCTanaBmi-
BaeT, 'ITO nepCbI Ha BOCTORe J]:OCTIHJIM pe-
'IeR Arap n JIuI\, BnaJ]:aBllIIIX, no ITTOJIe-
MelO, B MeoTHJ]:y, ROTopbIe UCCJIeJ]:OBaTeJIb
COnOCTaBRHeT C peRaMU JIUI\ U Oap, yrro-
MJlHYTbIMU fepoJ]:oToM R BOc!TORY OT Ta-
Hallca B CBJl3U C orrucaHueM noxoJ]:a
AapuJI.
B. A. PbI6aRoB RaTeroplI'IeCRU OTBepr
Bce, 'ITO nUllIeT fepO}IOT 0 J]:BIIiKemIJI
CRU<pOB 3a TaHauc U npeCReJ]:OBamm ux
Ha CTO.lIb OTJ]:aReHHbIX 3eMRHX rrepcaMU.
RaR COBceM HeCOCTOJlTeJIbHbIe OTBeprHYTbI
CJIeJ]:YIOID;ue C006IIJ;eHuJI: «l\orJ]:a CKU<pbI
rrepellIJIII peRy TaHauc, TO rrepCbI TOiKe
rrepellIRU ee BCJIeJ]: 3a HUMII U rrpop;OJI-
iKaJIU npeCJIeJ]:OBaHue, noRa He J]:OCTIIrJIU
3eMJIU 6y}IUHOB, npOHJ]:JI 3eMJIIO caBpOMa-
TOB». B 3eMRe 6YJ]:UHOB OHU cOiKrJIU 60JIb-
1lI0ll J]:epeBHHHbIll ropOJ]:, He Ha3BaHHbJH
rro UMeHll (C'IUTaeTCJI feJIOHOM). 3a CTpa-
HOM 6YJ]:UHOB nepCbI BCTynuRu B nYCTbI-
HIO, TJlHYBllIYIOCJI Ha ceMb J]:Hell nYTU.
7


«3a rrYCTblHeU, - I\aR rrnCaJI )],peBHHU
HCTOPllR,- iKUBYT <puccareTbJ, a U3 3eMJIU
HX 'IeTbJpe 60JIbllIUe peRU TeRYT 'Iepe3
3eMJIIO MeOTOB U BrIaJ]:aIOT B 03epo, Ha3bJ-
BaeMoe MeOTU}IOIO; UMeHa UX CJIeJ]:YIOUC:
JIMR, Oap, TaHanc II CuprUC». fIepCbI,
J]:OUJ]:JI B rrYCTbIlJe J]:O peRU Oap, rrOBepHY-
JIll Ha 3arra}I, Ha'laJIU CBoe OTcTyrrJIeHUe
[repoJ]:oT, IV, 122-125J.
C006rn;eHuH TaRoro pOJ]:a rrpU3HaHbI
B. A. PbI6aROBbJM HeJ]:OCTOBepHbIMll.
« MHorHM y-qeHbJM Ha3aJIOCb C06JJa3HU-
TeJIbHbJM U B03MOiKHbJM,- rrHllIeT OH,-
corrOCTaBJIJlTb BaiImylO J]:JIJI I'epoJIoTa pe'I-
Hy Oap C Pa-BOJIroH. Ho Tor}Ia rrpUXOJ]:H-
JIOCb J]:orrycKaTb, 'ITO )J,apuii YJ]:JIUHUJI
CBOH 11 6e3 Toro J]:JIIITeJIbHbIH rroxoJ]: ee
Ha 450 RM rro paCCTOJlHUIO U Ha eJIbJH
MeCJI rro BpeMenu. :::!To He CXOJ]:UJIOCb Co
CBe)],eHUJlMH 0 J]:BYXMeCJI'IHOM cpoHe rroxo-
)],a U rrJIoxo yRJIaJ]:bIBaJIOCb B repOJ]:OTOB-
CRyro reorpa<pUIO, rJ]:e cpeJ]:ll HpynHeumllx
peK BOJIra He Ha3BaHa; RpOMe Toro, rrpH-
llIJIOCb 6bJ rrpH3Ha Tb, 'ITO BOJIra BrraJ]:aeT
B A30BCHoe Mope. IIoJIy-qaJIocb MHoro He-
cypa3M, U U3 HUX 6bJJI CJ]:eJIaH opuru-
HaJIbHbIH BbIBOJ]:: pa3 )J,apUH He Mor )],0-
HTU J]:O BO.IITU, TO, 3Ha'IUT, BeCb ero rroxo}I
HeJ]:OCTOBepeH, Ha caMOM iKe J]:eJIe He)],o-
CTOBepHO TOJIbRO OTOiKJ]:eCTBJIeHlIe MeOTUJ]:-
CROH pe'IKU Oap C BOJIrOH» (C. 55).
«OTOiKJ]:ecTBJIenUe p. Oap C Pa-BOJIrOH,-
rrOJ]:'IepKUBaeT B. A. PbJ6aKOB,- J]:eJIaJIO
COBepllIeHHO 6eCCMbJCJIeHHbIM paCCHa3 0
CKU<pCJWM noxo}Ie )J,apuJI U CTaBUJIO rro}I
COMHenue J]:OCTOBepHOCTb cBeJ]:eHuH repo-
L(OTa Bo06rn;e. ECJIM iKe y-qeCTb RoopJ]:una-
TbI II TOJIeMefl, TO repOL(oTOBCJ{UII TeKCT 0
rroxoJ]:e 512 rOJ]:a... rrOJIY'IaeT 'leT Roe
U BrrOJIHe peaJIbHoe UCTOJIROBaHue: OCHOB-
Hoe BOHCRO apJl yrJIy6UJIOCb B CRU<pUIO
He 60JIee 'leM Ha 20-25 J]:Hell rrYTU, 'ITO
BrrOJIHe yRJIaJ]:bIBaeTCH B CpORU, YKa3aH-
HbIe rep0L(oTOM» (C. 59).
Pe'II{aMll Arap (Oap) U JIMR rrpu Meo-
TUJ]:e fhoJIeMeH B. A. PbJ6aROB onpE'!CJ-
JIUJI npoTHiKeHHocTb rrOXOL(a )J,apuH 'Ha
BOCTOK. IIepeHecJI peHU Oap U JInR B
MCCTHOCTM R 3ana}IY OT TaHauca, OH II
rrepe'IeHb peR,TeRYMx, no repoJIoTY, ua
3eMJJU <pMccareToB, COOTBeTCTBeHHO J]:aJI
B rropH}IKe C 3arraJ]:a Ha BOCTOR: JIUK,
Arap (Oap), TaHauc U CHpruc. OTclOJ]:a
CJ]:eJIaHO OTBeTCTBeHHoe J]:JIJI nOHU1\faHUJI
reorpa<puu CKU<pUU Y repoJ]:oTa 3aKJIIO'IC-
Hue: «TaHaUCOM CJIeJ]:yeT C'IUTaTb CeBep-
8
CRUll )J,oHe, a CuprucoM - COBpeMeHHbIu
)J,OH J]:o BrraJ]:eHllJl B Hero CeBepCKoro
)J,OHn;a (C. 54).
ITo B. A. PbJ6aRoBY, rrepCbJ, J]:OUJ]:H J]:O
pe'IeR JIUK U Arap, J]:OJIiKHbJ 6bJRM, pe3RO
rrOBepHYB Ha ceBep, <pOpcIIpoBaTb TaHaMC
(B J]:aHHOM CJIY'lae CeBepcRuu )J,oHe) H
'Iepe3 3eMJIIO caBpOMaTOB (cupMaT?) rrpo-
HURHYTb J]:O CTpaHbI reJIOHOB B JIeB06e-
peiKHoH J]:HerrpoBcRoH JIeCOCTerru U 6YJ]:ll-
HOB B 6acceHHe p. )J,eCHbI.
KaR BUJ]:UM, ROHerrUJI reorpa<puu re
pOJ]:OTrfBOll CRU<pUM rrOCTpoeHa Ha rrpu-
3HaHUII 6e3YCJIOBHOH J]:OCTOBepHOCTU co06-
rn;eHllJl 0 peMHe C 60 Y3JIaMU, ROTOpbJM
orrpeJ]:eJIJleTCH J]:JIHTeJIbHOCTb rrepCUL(CRoro
BTopiKeHUH B CRU<pUJO. CaM B. A. PbJ6a-
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CKllcpCKIlU MD:p.- RlleB, 1975.- C. 94.
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13

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XOpOIIJO II3BeCTHOll KaiKJ]:OMY a pxeOJIory
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14
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«n;apCTBa» (Ha TPM OpJ]:bI?) *, ynpaBJIHe-
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147]. C nameii TO'lHU 3peHIIH, 06'beJ]:IIHM-
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'IaBIIJIIHCH B VII B. J]:O H. a., 3aBepmMJICJI
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3ROHOMIIqeClm II COnIIaJIbHO IIepaBHbIx ceMeH,
nepe):lRO BRJIIOqaIOee B ce6R ):lame qYJRe3eM-
neB» (II.I!erlieea C. A. !\OqeBIIIIRIl CpeAHe-
BeKoBbR.-lVI., 1982.- C. 38-39).

Hau60JIee xopomo BbmeJIHIOTCH BHYTPU
CRJJ<PCROH RYJIbTypbI aJIeMeHTbI, 6epyIIJ;He
CBoe HaqaJIO B RYJIbType IIepe)],HeI! A3HU.
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17

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18
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n;IIH rraMHTHIIROB 'IepHOrOpOBC1\OrO THna 32.
B03HIIRHOBeHue Ha TepplIToplIU CeBep-
Horo KaBRa3a H CeBepHoro IT plI'lepHOMO-
pbH CRII<pC1\OrO 06'beJ]:IIHeHIIH 6b1JIO pe-
3YJIbTaTOM rrOHBJIeHIIH 3J]:eCb BTOpOH BOJI-
HbI HOCUTeJIeH rrpOTOC1\H<Pc1\OH 1\YJIbTypbI,
rrplIHecmux C C060H eJIblH 1\0 Mll.1IeI\C
aReMeHTOB MaTeplIaJIbHOM RyJIbTypbl (Ha-
1\OHe'IHURII CTpeJI, aRIIHaRII, aHTpono-
MOp<pHble 1I3BaHHIIH, HaBepmHH, CTpeMH'I-
1\OBIIJ]:Hble yJ]:HJIa H TpeXJ]:blpqaTbJe rrca-
JIHII, 1\pyrRbIe. 3ep1\aJIa C lIeTReH Ha
060pOTe, 1\aMeHHble 6JIIOJ]:a), CJIOmITBJlIHH-
CH Ha BOCTOKe EBpa3HH 1\ VII B. J]:O n. 3.
B VII- VI BB. J]:O II. a. B cpeJ]:e C1\RaJ]:bl-
BaBmerOCH C1\II<pc1\oro aTHoca rRaBIIYIO
pOJIb, BepOJlTIIO, rrpoJ]:oRiKaJIH IIrpaTb rrpu-
BHeceHHbIe 1\YJIbTypHbIe TpaJ]:IIIIII. OJ]:Ha-
1\0 Ha'iIIHaH C V B. J]:O H. a. B paM1\aX
CeBepHoro ITplIqepHOMOpbH B rrpeJ]:eJIax
CJIOiKlIBmeHCH 3J]:eCb ceBepOrrplI'lepHOMOp-
CIWll: CJ\JI<pUII IIa'IIIHaeTCH IJOCTerreHHoe
B03poiKJ]:eHlIe yiKe MeCTHOll: RYRbTYPHOll:
TpaJ]:IIn;lIu. 8TOT rrpoecc IJpOJlBJIHeTCH BO
Bce B03paCTalOIIJ;eM 3Ha'IeHIIII 1\aTa1\OM6-
HblX MOrlIJI B IJorpe6aJIbHOH 06PHJ]:HOCTH
C1\II<pC1\IIX rrJIeMeH 33. I{ IV B. J]:O H. a. OII
rrOJIy-qaeT ROrU'IeCROe 3aBepmeHHe.
OJ]:Ha1\O yiKe cJIeJ]:ylOm;aH npoHIIRmaH
B CeBepHoe ITplI'IepHOMOpbe BOCTOqHaH
BOJIHa - HOCHTeJIeH yiKe capMaTC1\OH
1\yJIbTypbI - BHOBb rrpepbIBaeT MecTHyro
JIIIHHIO pa3BIITIIH.
Bce IJepe'IHCJIeHHble <pa1\Tbl J]:eMOHCTplI-
PYIOT 3Ha'IIITeRbHylO CROiKlIOCTb aTHore-
IIeTII'IeC1\UX npOn;eccoB, rrpOTe1\aBmHX B
arroxy paHHero iKeRe3Horo Be1\a Ha CTeIJ-
HbIX rrpocTpaHcTBax BOCTO'lHOH EBpOIJbI.
AJIH IIX rrOJ]:JIUHHOrO rrOHUMaHHH He06xo-
J]:IIMO, rrO-BIIJ]:UMOMY, HapHJ]:y C Tpa}J:IIH-
OHHblMU IICCReJ]:OBaHUHMII B HeCRORbRHX
«rOpII30HTaJIbHbIX mI om; a)J.H X », rrpn I';OTO-
pbJX pa3RII'IHbIe rpYIJIJbl CIJeUaRIICTOB
1I3y-qa1OT arroxy rr03J]:Hero 6poH30Boro Be1\a,
rrpeJ]:cRu<pcRlIii II C1\II<PCRlIii IJepHoJ]:bI, cap-
MaTC1\He J]:peBHocTII, IJpeJ]:IJpUHHTb rronbIT-
1\Y HeCROJIb1\IIX «BepTHRaRbHbJX Cpe30B».
8TO J]:aCT B03MOiKHOCTb Ha rrpuMepe rro-
rpe6aRbHoro 06pHJ]:a H MaTeplIaRbHoH
1\YRbTypbl IJpOcReJ]:uTb Ha IJpOTHiKeHlI1I
J]:RUTeJIbHOrO OTpe31\a BpeMeHH MeCTHYIO
JIIIHIIIO pa3BuTuH II ee B3auMoJ]:ellcTBlle
C BOCTO'IHblMII BRHHHIIHMU, a TeM ca-
MbJM - rrpon;ecc HerrpepbIBHoro B3aIIMO-

p;eHCTBHJI MeCTHbIX H rrpHmJIbIX 3THH'Ie-
CRHX 3HeMeHTOB Ha Y1\a3aHHOH TeppHTO-
pHM B I ThIC. ]1:0 H. 3.
I PocTo/Jlfe/J M. 11. 8JIJIHIlCTBO H HpaHCTBO
na lOre POCCHH.- III'. 1918.- C. 34-35.
2 rp4KO/J B. H. Clmq,hI.- M., 1971.-
C. 25-26.
3 Tepen03ICKUIi A. n. CKHcpCKalI KYJIhTypa /I
M11A.- 1971.- oM 177.- C. 24.
4 l1ecceli A. A. HelwTophIe rraMIITHHKH
VIII- VII BB. AO II. a. IIa CeBepHoM KaBKa3e II
BCCA.- C. 130.
6 BpOMAeU /0. B. Oqeplm TeopHH STIIoca.-
M., 1983.- C. 280-281.
6 ApraMolioe M. 11. RHMMepHih.(bl H CKHcpH
B A3HH II IIepBOOhITHaH apXeOJIOrHII CHOHpH.-
JI., 1975.- C. 108.
7 rpaKoe B. H. Clmq,hI.- C. 25.
8 Mypauli B. /0. IIorpe6aJIhHblll OOPIIA CTerr-
HhIX cImcpoB B VII- V BB. AO H. a.11 ApeBIIOCTH
cTeIIHoH CKHq,HIl.- RlleB, 1982.- C. 55.
9 Mypauli B. /0. CKH,pCI(aa apXaHI(a CeBep-
Horo IIpHqepIlOMophlI.- KHeB, 1984.
10 qeplielil>o E. B. CKHcpclmll. Aocrrex.- RH-
ell, 1968.- C. 155; Mypauli B. /0., q eplieli-
KO E. B. 0 cpeACTBax 3arqHThI 60eBoro KOHlI B
CKH,pCKoe BpeMH II CKHq,HH H RaBKa3.- KHeB,
1980.- C. 162-163.
II IIoJ(p06Hee 00 aTOM CM.: l1AbuliCKaJl B. A.
COBpeMeHHoe COCTOHHHe rrp06JIeMhI CKHcpcIwro
SBepHIIoro CTHJIH II CKH,p0-CH6IlpCKllll 3BepHHblll
CTHJIh B HCKYCCTBe Hapol\OB EBpa31l1l.- M.,
1976.- C. 5-29.
12 illYAblf n. H. Clmq,CKHe H3BaHHHH IIpH-
TIepHOMOphH II AHTllqnOe 06rqecTBO.- M., 1967.-
C. 237; illYAblf n. H., HaeporcKuu H. 11. IIpH-
KyoarrCKHe H3BaJl1IHH CKHcpcKoro BpeMeHH II CA,
1973.-.M 4.- C. 194.
13 raepUAlO1> H. A. RepaMHKa CTerrHOH CKH-
CPHH : ABTopeq,. AHC. ... KaHI\. HCT. HayI\,-
RHeB, 1981.- 19 C.
14 Mypauli B. /0. IIorpe6aJIhHblll OOPHA...-
C. 61-62.
16 IIeTpeliKo B. r. IIpaBooepemhe CpeAHero
IIoAHerrpOBhH B V-III BB. AO H. a.- M.,
1967.- C. 36.- (CA11 : Bblrr. 1-4).
16 CMuplioe K.. (fl. CaBpOMaThI.- M., 1964.-
C. 155.
17 Tepeli03ICI>UIi A. 11. RHMMepHiiI.(bl.-
C. 201-202.
18 TaM me.- C. 199-200.
CpeJ]:H 60JIee 'IeM 60 C1\II<PCKHX 60eBbIx
TOJIOpOB, 1I3BeCTHhIX HbIHe I, eCTb 16 'Ie-
1\aHOB. 113 HIIX 'IeThIpe OTHOCHTCH 1\ paH-
HeH nope C1\H<PC1\OH HCTOpIIH. OpymHe
aToro THJIa A. 11. MeJIJ01\OBa H B. A. 11m,-
HHC1\aJl Ha3hIBalOT TOJIOp-MOJIOT01\ 2. OJ]:-
Ha1\O B )],aHHOM CJIyqae CTOHT HCJIOJIb30-
BaTb rrpHHHThIH B OTe'IeCTBeHHOM opyiKHe-
DeJ]:eHHH TepMHH «'IeKaH»,
2"
19 Tepeli03ICI>UIi A. 11. qepIIoropOBCKI;Ui II BOo-
BOqepKaCCKaa CTYIIeIIH KHMMepHll.cKoH KYJIh-
TyphI II HOBell.IDHe OTKpblTHII COBeTCKllx apxeo-
JIOrOB q. II: (Te3. AOKJI. IWHcp.).- KHeB, 1975.-
C. 3-4; Tepeli03ICKuIi A. 11. KIlMMepHll.l(H.-
C. 186-215.
20 JIecKo/J A. M. IIpeAcKHq,clmll. IIepHoA na
YKpaHHe : ABTopeq,. AHC. '" A-pa HCT. HaYK.-
M., 1975.- 72 c.; JIecl>o/J A. M. KypralIbl: Ha-
XOAKH, rrpOOJIeMhI.- JI., 1981.- C. 64-109.
21 Tepeli03ICKUIi A. 11. KHMMepHlluH.-
C. 186; OrpoUfeliKo B. B. HOBblll. KypralIHHH
MOrHJIhHHK 6eJI03epCKoro BpeMenlll1 CKmpclmu
MHp.- RHeB, 1975.- C. 202-204; OTpollfen-
KO B. B. Cpy6naH KYJIhTypa CTerrHoro IIoAHe-
rrpoBhH : ABTOPe<P. AHC. ... KallA. HCT. IIaYK.-
KHeB, 1981.- 22 C.
22 /l,yBapee C. JI. PaHIIIlll aTarr OCBoeHHII
meJIe3a B l'(eHTpaJIhHOM TIpeAKaBKa3he H B
6accellHe p. TepeI(a (IX-VII BB. AO II. a.) :
ABTope,p. ,nHC. ... KaHA. HCT. HayK.- HHeB,
1983.- C. 10-13.
23 Tepeli03ICKUIi A. 11. RHMMepHlll(hI.-
C. 201.
24 AKUw.ee K. A. CaKH a31laTClme H Clmcphl
eBporrellClme (06rqee H oc06elfHoe B pa3BH-
THH) II ApXeOJIOrHqeCKHe IlCCJIeAOBaHll1I B Ra-
3axcTaHe.- AJIMa-ATa, 1973.- C. 43-58.
26 rpRalioe M. 11. ApmaH: l'(apclmll Kypran
paHHeCKIl,pCKoro BpeMeHll.- JI., 1980.- C. 50-
60; Tepelio3ICKuIi A. 11. RIlMMepHlll(hI.- C. 210.
26 qAelioea H. JI. XpOHOJIOrIIII rraMHTHIIROB,
I\apaCYRCKOll arrOXH II MllA, 1972.- M 182.
27 Kocapee M. (fl. BpOH30BhIll Be!( 3arraA-
HOll Cn6HpH.- M., 1981.- C. 181-203.
28 MapeYAali A. X. Bera3bI-l\aIIAbl6aeBCI\aB
I(YJIhTypa l'(eHTpaJIhHOrO Ra3aXCTaHa.- AJIMa-
ATa, 1979.- C. 21.
29 TOACroe C. n. CpeAHea3HaTCKHe CKHq,ht
B CBeTe HOBellIDHX apXeOJIOrHqeCKHX HCCJIeAo-
BaHHll II BAM.- 1963.-.M 2.- C. 45.
30 qAelioea H. JI. 0 CBH3HX CeBepo-3arraJ(-
HOrO IIpHqepHOMophH H HHmHero YIIaH C BOC-
TOKOM B KHMMepHll.cKYIO arroxy II Studia Thra-
cica, 1975.- 11.- C. 88.
31 Tepeli03ICKUIi A. 11. RHMMepHll.cKHe MeqU
H KHHmaJIhI II CKIlq,CImll MHp.- RHeB, 1975.-
C. 3-34; Tepeli03ICKili O. I. RiMMepillcbKi CTe-
JIH II ApxeoJIoriH.- 1978.- M 27.- C. 12-21.
32 JIecKoe A. M. RypraHhI: HaxoAKH, rrpo-
6JIeMbl.- C. 87.
33 Mypauli B. /0. IIorpeOaJIhHblll 06pIIA...,-
C.52.
E. B. q epnenno
nAP AHbIn Tonop
H3 KEJIEPMECCA
B. A. I1JIbHHCI,aH COBepllIeHHO CJIpaBe.!l;-
JIHBO OTMeTIIJIa, 'ITO <popMa TOJIOpOB C1\ H <P-'
CKoro BpeMeHH (BJIpOqeM, 1\a1\ Me'IeH II
KHHmaJIOB) B JIpeJ]:eJIax OCHOBHoro THrra
HepeJ]:1\O 6bIBaeT O'IeHb IIHJ]:HBHJ]:yaJIbHoH.
«OT)],eJIbHble a1\3eMJIJIHpbI pa3HHTCJI Mem-
)],y C060H rro pa3Mepy, MaCCHBHOCTH, mll-,
pHHe JIe3BHH, <popMe JIpoyxa H 06yxa» 3,:
OrMe'IaH tlIfa'IHTeJIbHYIO HHJ]:HBHJ]:yaJIb-'
19

BOCTb KMKJ]:oro 3K3eMIJJIJlpa 'IeKaHOB,
MomHO HX pa3J]:eRHTb Ha TPH OCHOBHbJX
THrra: c pacmnpHIOm;HMCH 06YXOM, rrpH-
MbIM H J]:yroBHJ]:HbJe. qeKaHbJ C rrpHMbJM
06YXOM B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT pa3MepOB J]:e-
RHTCH Ha KOpOTKO- H J]:JIHHHo06ymHbJe 4.
OCHOBHaH 'IaCTb CRH<pCKHX 60eBbJX Torro-
poB Bo06m;e H 'IeRaHOB B 'IaCTHOCTH-
06bPIHbJe, He HMelOIIJ;He YHpallIeHHH.
Y KpallIeHbI JIHmb O'IeHb HeMHorHe 06-
pa3n;bJ.
Oc060e MeCTO cpeJ]:H CI,H<pCRHX 60eBbJX
TorropOB 3aH}!MaeT Torrop H3 rrepBoro
R'eRepMeccRoro KypraHa. On BXO)],HT B
cpaBHHTeRbHo He60RbmylO rpyrrrry 'IeKa-
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aH3eMIIJIHpoB). BOJIbmHHCTBo H3 HHX OT-
HOCHTCH K rrepHoJ]:y CKH<PCKOH apxaHKH.
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cHMMeTpRqHO pacmHpHIOTcH B 06e CTOpO-
nbI OT rrpoyxa (TpeTbH rpyrrrra «TorropOB-
MOROTKOB») 5. A. M. MeRIOKOBa, crrpaBeJ]:-
JIHBO na3BaB i!TOT TOrrop «COBepllIenno
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CKH<pHH OH HMeeT 30ROTOH y60p. qeTKo
)],eRHTCH Ha 'IeTbJpe 'IaCTH - JIe3BHHnylO,
rrpoymHYIO, 06ymHYlO H PYKOHTKY, rro-
CJIe)],HHe TPH IIOKpbJTbJ 30JIOTOH rrJIaCTH-
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qeKaH HMeeT iReRe3BOe JIe3BHe *, RO-
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K oKpyrROMY, HeCKORbKO CKomeHHOMY
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IIOpOB HCIIOJII,30BaJIOCI, TOJII,l\O meJIe30. EpOH-
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pee Bcero, He RBJIReTCH. Ee CJIeAyeT paCCMaT-
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CH H K TOIIOPHKY H3 KypraHa y c. JII,BOBO
(Ky6b!ZUee A. 11., HUKoAoea A. B., []OAUIi C. B.
CKI1<pcKHe KypraHH y c. JII,BOBO Ha XepcoH-
II\HHe II ApeBHocTH CTeIIHoii CRH<pHH.- RHeB,
1982.- C. 140, pHC. 10; 11). IJIYIIRI\HH I\epeMO-
nHaJII,HOrO H 60eBoro opymllR COBMelI\aJI 6H-
MeTaJIJIHqeCl\Hii RJIeBeI\ H3 EepARHcKoro KYP-
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Ka (TJepeeareliKo JI. IIpoAoBmeHHH 6YAe IIOT-
qHii Kpaii.- fuJ:eB, 1985.- C. 179).
20
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Ha peRbe<pnaH (<IJJIeTeHRa», oTJ]:eRHIOm;aH
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g e'f'i,an. ITpoymHaH 'laCTb BbIJ]:eJIeHa rro-
JIOCKaMII H3 J]:BYX HeBbJCoRHX peJIbe<pHbIX
JIIIHHM C rrOMem;eHHbJM Me'I\J]:y HIfMH Y30-
pOM H3 nOBTOpHIOm;HXCH yrOJIKOB. Co
CTOpOHbI PY'IKII OHa OTJ]:eJIena TpeMH He-
BbICORIIMII peJIbe<pHbJMH JIHHHHMH. TaRH-
MH me JIHHIIHMH, rrpOXOJ]:Hm;IIMH rrorrepeR
'IeKaHa, rrpoymHaH 'laCTb J]:eJIHTCH Ha J]:Ba
RBaJ]:paTa, B IWTOPbIX rrOMem;eHbJ <PHrYPbJ
iKHBOTHbIX, B HHiKHeM - JIeiKam;IIH rop-
HbJH K03eJI C Mory-qHMH poraMH n 06pa-
m;eHHOH Ha3aJ]: rOJIOBOH. HaJ]: R03JIOM Ha-
XOJ]:IITCH <pHrypRa OJIeHH, H306paiKeHHoro
B rrpO<pHJIb C rrOJ]:omYTbIMH rroJ]: TYJIOBHm;e
HoraMH H C JIeiKam;HMH OJ]:HO Ha J]:pyroM
RorrbITaMH. rOJIOBa ero BbJTHHYTa BrrepeJ]:.
OrpOMHbIe pora JIeiKaT ropH30HTaJIbHO
BJ]:OJIb BceH crrHHbI (pHC. 3, 1).
ITpoymHoe OTBepCTIIe oRpyiKeHo opHa-
MeHTOM B BHJ]:e rrJIeTeHRH. 06ymHaH 'IaCTL
J]:eJIHTCH Ha J]:Be 'IaCTII. B HHiKHeH, HMelO-
rn;eH TparreHeBHJ]:HYIO <POp MY, rrOMem;eHbI
<pHrYPHH J]:BYX R03JIOB, CTOHm;HX Ha
3aJ]:HHX HOrax rro 06e CTOpOHbJ «CBHrn;eH-
Horo J]:epeBa». ITepeJ]:HHMH JIarraMH OHH
yrrepJIHCL B CTBOJI J]:epCBa H eJ]:HT JIHCTbH
H BeTRII.
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O'IeHb HHTepeCHble H306paiKeHIIH JIIOJ]:eH.
B pa60Te 0 CRH<pCKIIX rrOHcax B. A. MJIL-
lIHCRaH, He aprYMeHTHpYH CBoe MHeHHe,
HarrHCaJIa, 'ITO aTO «caMbJe paHHHe II306-
paiKeHHH CRH<P0B» 9. AOBOL(bI B rrOJIb3Y
aToro MHeHHH 6bIJIH BbIJ]:BHHYTbI elO B rro-
CJIeJ]:YIOm;HX pa60Tax 10. OHH CBOJ]:HT-
CH K CJIeL(YIOm;eMY. MYiK'lIIHa H306paiKeH
«B rrpo<pHJIb B OCTpOBepXOH THape, ORpy-
iKeHHOH 3y6n;aMH. OJ]:eiKJ]:Y COCTaBJIHeT
p;n:HHHbIH, HHiKe Kon:eH Ka<pTaH, YRpameH-
HLm Y30POM (<B eJIO'II{Y», MHrRHe, nO-RB-
AHMOMY, nepeBH3aHHLIe rrO-CRH<pCRB. ca-
rrorH. ITpaBaH PYKa rrOJ]:HHTa B MOJIHTBeH-
HOM iKeCTe, B JIeBOH - orrYIIJ;eHHaH BHH3
ceRHpa, rrOJ]:06HaH TOM, Ha KOTOpOH OHa
H306paiKeHa ...HeROTOpbJe CRII<pCRHe aTpH-
6YTbI 3J]:eCb HaJIIIn;O: 06YBb, OCTpOBepxaH
marrRa, 60eBaH ceRHpa. B03MOiKHO, Mac-
Tep rrbJTaJICH H306pa3HTb 3J]:eCb caMoro
X03HHHa celmpbI, CKII<pCKoro BeJIbM01I\Y,
B MOJIIITBeHHOH rr03e II B rrOJIYBOCTO'lHOM
OJ]:eHHHH (J]:JIHHHaH oJ]:en'J]:a, 3y6n;bJ BORpyr
6amJIbJRa). "He IICRJIIO'leHO TaKiKe, 'ITO
aTO cBHIIJ;eHHOCJIyiKHTeJIb-Mar, HBJIHIOm;IIH-
CH rrocpeJ]:HHKOM MeiKJ]:y 60iKecTBoM II xo-
3HHHOM ceRIIpbI. ITo TopiKeCTBeHHOCTII
n03bI H rrOCTaHOBRe Roprryca <pHrypa Ha
ReJIepMeCCRoH ceRHpe HarrOMIIHaeT MYiK-
CRHe H306paiKeHHH Ha 30JIOTbJX rrJIaCTH-
Hax AMy-J]:apbHHCJWrO RJIaJ]:a. MHorHe B3
ROTOpbJX J]:epiKaT B OJ]:HOH pyRe MarH'Ie-
CRHH RYJIbTOBbIH rrpeJ]:MeT, a BTopaH rroJ]:-
HHTa B pHTyaJIbHOM iKeCTe» 11 (pHC. 4,3).
8TH J]:OBOJ]:bJ B. A. MJIbIIHCIWH He rrpeJ]:-
CTaBJIHIOTCH y6eJ]:HTeJIbHbJMH. HII'IerO
CRH<pCRoro B OJ]:e'RJ]:e H BoopYiKeHIIII 'leJIO-
Be'IeCKHX <pHryp Ha Torrope II3 ReJICpMeC-
ca HeT. HeT oCHoBaHHil BIIJ]:eTb B rOJIOB-
HOM y60pe CKH<pCKHH 6amJIbJR, pa3Mep H
xapaRTep H306paiKeHHH He J]:alOT HHRaROH
B03MOiRHOCTH YCTaHOBHTb THrr 06YBH.
OTMeTHM, 'ITO xapaRTepHYIO CRH<pCRyro
06YBb MbI 3HaeM rro H306paiKeHIIHM II na-
XOJ]:RaM He paHee IV B. J]:O H. a. He 3HaeM
H CRII<pCKIIX rOJIOBHbIX y60pOB BpeMeHII
ReJIepMecca. HeT HaJ]:eiKHbJX oCHoBaHHH
BHJ]:eTb B <pHrYPRax, rrpOHCXOJ]:Hm;HX C
KaBKa3a II BocToRa, CKH<pOB, OJ]:eTbJX B
6amJIbIRH, RaK aTO J]:eJIaeT B. A. 11JIbHH-
cRaH 12, BocrrpOH3BeJ]:eHIIH J]:OCTOBepHbIX
CRII<pCRHX rOJIOBHbIX y60pOB paHee IV B.
J]:O H. a. He H3BeCTHbI.
Torrop. ROTOpbIH J]:epiKIIT B PYRax <pII-
rypa C ReJIepMeCCKoH CeRHpbJ, J]:eilcTBH-
TeJIbHO HeCROJIbRO HarrOMIIHaeT caMY ce-
RHPy *. Ho aTO 06CTOHTeJIbCTBO He MomeT
* B. A. HJIbHHCKaH rrpHBOAHT HeBepHHe PH-
CYHKH Torropa (IAAiIiCbKa B. A. CRiq,CbKi co-
RHpa II ApxeoJIoriH, 1961, T. 12, pHC. 9, 6;
IIAbulicKaJ/, B. A. 11306pameHHH CRH<POB Bpe-
MeHH rrepeAHea3aaTcRHx rrOXOAOB II ApeBHocTJI
cTeIIHoii CRHq,Ha, KHeB, 1982, pHC. 5; IIAbuli-
CKaJ/, B. A., TepeliO:JICKUU A. II. CRH<PHH VIl-
IV BB. AO H. a., RaeB, 1983, pHC. Ha c. 82. Jle3-
Bae Torropa 06paeHO He OT qeJIOBeqeCROii q,H-
rypbI, KaK Ha pHCYHKax B. A. 11JIbHHCROii
(pac. 4, 3), a K KOJIeHY (pHC. 4, 2) qeJIOBeKa
23

PIIC. 3. M306pameHIIH JIIOAeH Ha IIJ.laCTHHe I13
AMY- Aa pI.IIl'ICKOrO KJIaAa (1) II Ha TOIIope 1I3
KeJIepecca (2-3). 3 - IIO PIICYHKy B. A. 11JIb-
IIHCKOIi.
6bITb J]:OBOJ]:OM B rroJIL3Y MHeHHJI
B. A. Mm:'HHcKoH. BoeBbJe TorropbI HMeJIH
mHpoKoe pacrrpocTpaHeHHe Ha BocTOKe
B J]:peBHocTH. TOrrOpbJ 6JIH3KOH cxeMbI
rrpoHcxoJ]:JlT H3 MHorHX I\OMrrJIeKCOB 3a-
KaB1\a3bH BpeMeHH, rrpeJ]:mecTBYIOIIJ;ero
KeJIepMeccy 13 H O)'{HOBpeMeHHbIe eMY 14.
OT TorropOB aTOro THrra H rrpOH30mJIH rro-
)'{06Hb1e CI>H<pCKHe TOrropbI.
He CTOHT rrpHBJIe1\aTI, B I\aqeCTBe aHa-
JIOrlIH H306paiKeHHH JIIOJ]:eH Ha rrJIaCTHHax
AMy-LJ,apbHHcKoro KJIa)'{a. qeJIOBeK, H306-
paiKeuHI,IH Ha ceKHpe, )'{epiKHT Torrop B
;reBoii PYI\e, a Ha IJJlaCTHUax KJIaJ]:a rryqOK
rrpYTLeB-6apcoM )'{epiKaT, KaK rrpaBHJIO B
IIpaBoii PYKe. Ha rrJIaCTHHax KJIa)'{a BO-
paH PYI\a He «rrOJ]:HHTa B pHTyaJIbHOM
iKeCTe» 15, a orrYllleHa (pHC. 3, 1). B Tex
CJIYTJaHX Ha rrJIaCTHHax KJIa)'{a, KorJ]:a JIe-
BaH pY1\a M306paiReHHOrO qeJIOBeKa rroJ]:-
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BeTOK (?). A Ha KeJIepMeCCKoM Torrope
B rro)'{HHToH PYKe HHqero HeT.
Ha TopD;e 06yxa rroMellleHbI qeTblpe
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MH ropHbIX K03JIOB, 06paIIJ;eHHLIX Kpyrra-
(ApTa.MOIiOe M. ll. COKpOBIIlI\a CKIIq,CKIiX KYP-
raHOB. IIpara - JIeHHHrpaA, 1967, Ta6JI. 16).
24
1 2
PIIC. 4. 11306pameHIIH mllBOTHblX Ha BepxHeH
(1) II HlImHeH qaCTHX (2) TOIIopa 1I3 ReJIepMeC-
ca.
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poraMH, 06paIIJ;eHbI Ha3aJ]:, H K03JIbI KaI\ 6Ll
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6JIH3KH peJIbe<paM TaKHX iRe K03JIOB Ha
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JIJlpHbIX 3HaqKOB Ha JIOrraTKax. TaKHx
3Ha'IKOB HeT Ha KOaJIe c rrpoymHoH qaCTH,
HeT HX H Ha K03JIaX, CTOJlIIJ;HX y «CBHIIJ;eH-
Horo J]:epeBa» (pHC. 4).
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Ce'IeHHH J]:JIHHHYIO PYKOJlTKY. 'Y caMoro
qeKaHa OHa HeCKOJIbKO TOHLme, 'IeM B
OCTaJILHOH qaCTH. Ee BepXHJIJI BbIrrYKJIaJl
'IaCTL Ha 1 cM nOJ]:HJlTa HaJ]: BepxHeH
rrJIOCKOCTblO Torropa.
ITo 60KaM BbIcTyrralOIIJ;eH qaCTH MeiKJ]:Y
J]:BYMH rrapaMH BaJIHKOB rrorrepeK PYKOJlT-
KH rrOMem;eH opHaMeHT - «rrJIeTeIIKa».
B TopeBOH qaCTH PYKOJlTKH, HMelOllleH
OBaJILHYIO <POp MY, rOJIOBOH K JIe3BHIO rro-
MeIIJ;eHO peJIbe<pHoe H306paiReHHe OJIeHH
B «JIeTyqeM raJIorre». B 06IIJ;eM OHO 6JIH3-
KO H306paiHeHHIO OJIeHJI Ha rrpOYllIHOH
'IaCTH. OJIeHb Ha Tope PYKOJlTI\H BLIIJOJI-
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rrJIaCTHHOH. B HaCTOJlIIJ;ee BpeMH OHa CO-
CTOHT H3 J]:BYX qaCTeH. ROCOH pa3pbIB
rrpOH30meJI B 11 CM OT CaMoro 'le1\aHa.
BbJ3bJBaeT He)'{oyMeHHe 3aMeqaHHe
A. IT. MaHD;eBHq, qTO «3arrOJIHeHHe PYKO
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HeB03MomHbIM UCrrOJIb30BaHUe 'IeRaHa rro
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JIH PyqRH, He CMorJIa 6bI BbIJ]:epmaTb J]:ame
Bec caMoro OpYiRHH, OqeBIIJ]:HO, rrpeBbI-
maBmUH 1,5 I\r, eCJIU rrpIlJIUMaTb BO BHH-
MaHHe caM "IeKaH H PyqRY J]:O TOH "IaCTU,
3a KOTOpylO ee J]:epiRaJIII B PyKe. iho
MeCTO qeTRO 0603HaqeHO Y KOHu;a PYKOHT-
KH, rJ]:e IIa rroBepxHocTH, paBHoH IIIHpilHe
JIaJ]:OHH OTCYTCTByeT J]:eKOp. A 06 HCrrOJIb-
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XO)],UTCH BeCbMa 3HaqHTeJIbHaH HarpY3Ra
npH y)],ape *, II rOBopIlTb He rrpHXOL(HTCH.
CRopee Bcero, CTepiReH:b PYKOHTKH 6bIJI
H3 TBepJ]:oro U yrrpyroro J]:epeBa, a Macca,
onUcaHHaH A. II. MaHu;eBHq, HaXOL(HJIaCb
JIHmb nOJ]: peJIbe<pHbIMH <pIIrypRaMH 3Be-
peii, YRpamaBllIHX PY"II\Y. I;.rroii: MaCTHKH
npeJ]:oxpaHHJI peJIbe<pbI H3 MHrKoro 30JIO-
Ta OT J]:e<POpMHpOBaHHH. STOT npHeM C
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H. a. rrpu U3rOTOBJIeHHII rrapaJ]:Horo opy-
iRilH - MeqeH II 06HBOR ropIlTOB 17.
PYKOHTRa, HaXOJ]:Hrn;aHCH JIIIiKe caMoro
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J]:eJIeHHbIe J]:BOHHbIMII peJIbe<pHbIMU qeBbI-
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aJIbHbIX U <paHTaCTII"IeCKHX iKHBOTHbIX, Ha
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HbIX, a Ha HUiRUeH - eIIJ;e J]:BYX. TaI<HM
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pacrrOJIOiReHbI I1306paiKeHIIH 30, a Be
29 mHBOTHbIX, I,aI\ omIl60"IHO HarrIlcaJI
M. M. ApTaMoIIoB l8.
IIepeHJ]:eM K KpaTROMY orrHcaHHIO cy-
* A, 11. MapTl>IHOB npOH3BeJI HHTepeCHble
nOACqeTH CHJII,I yAapa, HaHeceHHoro qeKaHOM.
3a 06pa3en 6I,IJI B3HT TarapcKHll. He60JII,lIIoll.
(naMHoro MeHMrre KeJIepMeCcKoro) qeKaH Be-
COM 170 I' \I: PYKOHTKOE: AJIHHOH 1 M Toro me
Beca, TJTO H caM '1eKaH. Aame 6e3 ,!IOnOJIHH-
TeJII.HOrO YCHJlHH, rrpHJIaraeMOro PYKOH qeJIO-
BeKa, JIHlIIb 3a C'IeT c06cTBeHHoro Beca, OR H:!-
HOCHJI Y,!Iap CHJIOH B Cpe,!lHeM paBHblll. 12 Kr,
OKa3HBaH ,!IaBJIeHHe B 300 aTM. (MapTbI.-
1i06 A. /1. JIecocTeUHaH TarapCKaH KYJILTypa.-
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pH)],Y nOMern;eHbI pa3Hoo6pa3HbIe, CKonH-
pOBaHHbIe C MHorux rrpeJ]:MeTOB <PHrypbl:
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iReHHbIX» 19.
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BCeX iRHBOTHbIX, BOcrrpOH3BeJ]:eHHbIX Ha
BepXHeH "IaCTH pyROHTRU, HOMepaMH (1-
19). TaR HaR Ha 06eHx cTopoHax PYI\O-
HTRu Bocrrpou3BeJ]:eHbI OJ]:HU H Te iRe 3Be-
pu, 6YJ]:eM orrHCbIBaTb TOJIbI\O iRHOOTHbIX,.
nOMern;eHHbIX Ha OJ]:HOH CTopOHe, rrOMHH,.
'ITO Ha J]:pyrOll. nORa3aHO UX 3epI\aJIbHOe
OTpaiReHHe.
1. JIeiRaIIJ;aH rraHTepa C MOrn;HOll llIeeu
H rOJIOBOH, orryrn;eHHoH R rrepeJ]:HUM JIa-
rraM, C onyr.u:eHHbIM XBOCTOM. XBOCT 3a-
RaBqHBaeTCH RPYiRKOM. TaRHMU me.
KpymKaMu rrepeJ]:aHbI II KorTH. Ha rrJIoqe.
COJIHpHbIH 3HaK (puc. 2, 1).
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MH 3HaqRaMU rrORpbITO Bce ee TeJIO.
(puc. 2, 2).
3. lliuBoTBoe B xapaRTepBoH rr03e JIe-
marn;ero OJIeHH, HO C poraMU B BU)I;e He-
COMRHYToro OBaJIa. Ha rrJIeqe COJIHpHnrii:
3HaK (pHC. 2, 3).
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HO C orryrn;eHHoH rOJIOBOH H He60JIbllIHMH
CJIerRa 3arIIYTbIMH Ha3aJ]: K03JIHHbIMH po-
raMH. Ha rrpeJ]:rrJIe'Ibe COJIHpHbIll 3HaK
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Y Bcex qeTbIpeX rrepBbIX mHBOTHbIX
eCTb COJIHpHbIe 3HaI\I1 (y BTOPOH - rraH-
TepbI - HMII rrOKpbITO BCe TeJIo). Y oc-
TaJIbHbIX 1f\llBOTHbIX rrOL(06Hble 3HaRU OOTb
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qIlBaeTCH KpYiRoqRaMII, ROTOpbIX HeT Y
OCTaJIbHbJX (RpoMe 27 - rrO"ITH a6COJIIOT-
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BOH U BeTBllCTbIMU poraMU, paCrrOJIOiKeH-
HblMH H3 crrUHe. Ha KOHU;ax porOB 3aBUT
KH (pIlC. 2, 5),
6. TaRoH iRe OJIeHb, HO C poraMH c.
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J]:yrn;HX. OTCYTCTBYIOT pora, J]:Ba J]:JIHHHbIX
yxa rrOL(HHTbI, 06pa3YJl 6YKBY JIaTHHcROro
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JIOBOH H C 60JIbmHMH rrOJIYRpyrJIbIMH po-.
raMH. Ha nJIe'Ie COJIHpHbIH 3Ha!\;'
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9-11. JIemam;He K03JIbI C rrOJ]:HHTbIMH
rOJIOBaMH. Y Bcex Ha rrJIe'Iax COJIHpHble
3HaKH. Pa3JIH'IaIOTCH..UIJlJb <pOpMOH 60JIb-
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H30rHYTbIe B cpeJ]:HeH 'IaCTH C 3arHYTbIMH
BHYTPb OCTpbIMH KOHaMH (11) (pHC. 5,
9-11).
12. JIeiKaIIJ;HH KOHl, C rrpHmaTbJM K TY-
JIOBHm;y XBOCTOM M orrYIIJ;eHHOH rOJIOBOH.
Ha rOROBe yrrpHiKb. Xopomo 3aMeTHbJ ee
peMHH H MeTaJIJIH'IeCKHe 6JIHXH, HaxOJ]:H-
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12; 6, 1). IIepBbIM HaJIH'IHe Y3J]:bI Ha ro-
JIOBe KOHH OTMeTMJI M. 11. ApTaMOHOB 20.
OJ]:HaKO aTO Ha6RIOJ]:eHHe OCTaROCb BHe
BHHMaHHH CrreHaJIHCTOB rro 3BepHHOMY
CTHJIIO, KOTopbIe, xapaKTepH3YH MaHepy
H306paiKeJIMH rOROBOK ROHeH B paHHe-
CI\H<pCKOM H TarapCKOM HCKYCCTBe, rrpH-
BJIeKaJIH B Ka'IeCTBe rrpHMepOB H306paiKe-
IIHH y3)'{bJ Ha rOJIOBe KOHH TaKHe J]:aJIeKHe
B TeppllTopHaRbHOM H XpOHOJIOrH'IeCKOM
OTHomeHHH aHaJIOrM, KaK MaTepHaJIbI
AHbmra 21.
K COiKaReHHIO, H306paiKeHHe rOJIOBbI
KOHH H Y3J]:bI Ha HeH HaCTOJIbKO MHHHa-
TlOpHbI, 'ITO B03MomHa JIMmb caMaH rrpH-
6RH3HTeJIbHaH peRoHcTpyKHH 3TOH YBH-
KaJIbHOll: Y3J]:e'IKH *. OrOJIOBbe COCTOHJIO
H3 Ham;e'IHOrO, HaJI06HOrO, rroJ]:60pOJ]:Horo
pBMHeH H rrepeHOCbH. ITOJ]:'IaHamHbIH pe-
MeHb MOl' OTCYTCTBOBaTb, HO He HCKJIIO'Ie-
HO, 'ITO ero rrpOCTO He BHJ]:HO. B MeCTax
* EapHaHT peHOHcTpYHHH
A. B. CHMOHenHO.
rrpeAJIOmen
nepeCe'IeHHH Ham;e'IHOrO peMHH C HaJlo6-
HbJM H rrepeHOCbeM HaxOJ]:HJIHCb KpyrJlbJe
6JIHXH. ROHD;bI Ham;e'IHbIX peMHeH J]:BOH-
JIHCb H KperrHJIHCb K J]:BYJ]:bJp'IaTbJM C-
BHJ]:HbIM rrCaJIHHM. Ha llIee HaXOJ]:HTCH
HaY3, YKpameHHbIH KpyrJIOll: 6JIHXOll:
(pHC. 7).
13. JIeiKam;aH naHTepa, 6JIH3KaH BTo-
paH, HO C HecKORbKO 60Ree THiKeJIOH 1'0-
JIOBOH; mepCTb rrepeJ]:aHa BOJIHaMH (p HC 5
13). '
14. CTOHm;ee C orrym;eHHoH rOJIOBOH '
iKHBOTHoe. rORoBa H TYJIOBHm;e CXOJ]:HbI
C rrpeJ]:bIJ]:ym;llM. lliHBoTHoe C O'IeHb Mac-'
CHBHbIMH rrpHMbJMH HoraMH; yeJ]:HHCTBeH-
Horo H3 Bcex BocrrpOH3BeJ]:eJIHbJX Ha PYKO-
HTKe, HorH OKaH'IHBaIOTCH OpRHHbJMH ro-
JIOBKaMH (pHC. 5, 14).
15. CTOHm;HH I\a6aH C orrYIIJ;eHHoH ro-
JIOBoii H rrOJ]:HHTbIM XBOCTOM. C03i\aeTCH
Brre'IaTReHHe, 'ITO OH 3a<pHJ\cllpoBaH B MO-
MeHT OCTaHOBKH BO BpeMH 6bIcTporo 6era
H BbITHHYJI BrrepeJ]: HorH, rrbITaHCb 3aTOp-
M03HTb (pHC. 5, 15).
16. lliHBoTHoe, B 06IIJ;eM rrOXOiKee Ha
15. XBOCT orrym;eH, H30 pTa BbIrJIHJ]:bIBaIOT
MaCCHBHbJe KJIbIKM, H3bIK BbIBaJIMJICH,
llIepCTb Ha 3arpHBI\e rrOJ]:HHTa, 06pa3YH
rroJ]:06Me rpe6HH. MecTa J]:RH YJlJeH He
OCTaROCb, rroaTOMY HX rrOMeCTHJIII C60KY
rOJIOBbI rro J]:Ba yxa C KamJ]:oH CTOpOHbJ.
BMecTo KorrbIT - KOrTHCTbIe JIarrbI. TaKHx
JIarr HeT HH y oJ]:Horo H3 27 J]:pymx iKH-
BOTHbIX (pHC. 5, 16).
17. JIeiKam;aH rraHTepa, 6JIH3KaH 13,
HO JlJepCTblO rrOI\pbITO He Bce TYROBH,
a JIHmb ero rrepeJ]:HHH 'IaCTb. ,I.(JIIIHHbJe
«3aH'IbH» ymH rrplliKaTbI K 3arpHBRY
(pHC. 5, 17).
18. JIeiKaITJ;HM OJIeHb C rrOJ]:HHTOH 60po-
gaToH rOJIOBoH. Pora C 'IeTbIpbMH 3aBHT-
KaMH rrOJ]:HHTbI BepTUKaJIbHO (pHC. 5, 18).
19. JIeiKam;HH OJIeHb C rroJ]:JJHTOH rOJIO-
BOIJ H BHTbJMH (aTo eJ]:HHCTBeHIIoe OTRH-
'IHe ero OT 3 M 27) poraMM, 06pa3YIOm;n-
MH OBaJI. Ha rrRe'Ie COJIHpHbJH 3HaK
(pHC. 5, 19).
20. Ra6aH, O'IeHb 6JIH3KMH 15. OTJIH-
qaeTCH orrym;eHHbJM XBOCTOM (pHC. 5, 20).
21. JIeiKam;HH OJIeHb C rroJ]:HHToH rooo-
BOH H OTKHHYTbIMH Ha3aJ]: O'IeHb L(JIHHHbI-
MM, rrO'ITH J]:OXO)'{Hm;HMH J]:O XBOCTa MOm;-
HbJMH BHTbIMH poraMH. Ha rrRe'Ie COJIHp-
HbIH 3HaK. CaMa <pHrypa O'IeHb 6JIH3Ka
06m;eH KOMrrOHOBKe <pHryp OCTaJIbHbJX
OJIeHeH (3, 5-7, 9 H J]:p.) (pHC. 5, 21).
27

22. CTOHIIJ;Ce iKHBOTHoe c <PHrYPOH OJIe-
HH. Koprryc 60JIeeMaCCHBHbIH, "IeM Y
OJIeHH. BOJIbllIHe «3aH"IbH» ymH rrO)'{HHTbI,
eCTb He60JIbllIaH 60po)'{a (pHC. 5, 22).
23. JIem:aIIJ;HH OJIeUb. <tIHrypa O"IeHb
6JIH3J>a OCTaJIbHbJM OJIeHHM. OTJIH<IaeTCH
<pOpMOH S-BH)'{HO H30rHYToro XBOCTa. ITo)'{-
HHTbJe BepTHKaJIbHO pora C J]:BYMII OT-
pOCTKaMH Ha KaiK)'{OM CMbIKalOTCH BBepxy,
06pa3YH OBaJI (pHC. 5, 23).
24. CTOHIIJ;ee iKHBOTHoe (JIOCb?) C Mac-
CHBHbJM IwprrYCOM (KaI, y 22), 60POJ]:OH
H rrOJ]:HHTblM BBepx MaCCHBHbJM poroM C
ceMblO OTpocTKaMH (pHC. 5, 24).
25. JIeiKaIIJ;Mii OJIeHb C rroJ]:HHToH rOJIO-
BOH. MaccHBHbIH por rrO)'{HHT BepTHKaJIbHO
BBepx. Ha HeM rrHTb OTpOCTI\OB, )'{Ba H3
HOTOpb1X 06paIIJ;eHbJ BBepx, a TPH - Brre-
peJ]: (pIfC. 5, 25).
26. JIeiKaIIJ;HH KOHb - KorrHH 12, HO
"IYTb rr060JIbme (pHC. 5, 26; 7, 2).
27. JIeiKaIIJ;HH OJIeHb - K<¥IHH TpeTbe-
ro (pHC. 5, 27).
28. BerYIIJ;HH, orrycTHBmlIH rOJIOBY II
rroHHBmllH XBOCT Ka6aH.
HmKe HaXOJ]:HTCH rJIaJ]:KaH co Bcex CTO-
pOH IIoBepXHOCTb PY"IKH J]:JIHHOH 9,5 II
mHpHHoH 3 CM. 30JIOTaH 06KJIaKa _ 3eCb
cJlema L(e<popMHpOBaHa (pHC. 5, 28).
B HHiKHeH qaCTH rro KpaHM py-qKII
MeiKL(Y L(BYMH cTopoHaMH If306paiKeHHH,
HaK H Ha BepxHeH ee 'IaCTH, rrpOXOJ]:HT
IIOJIOCa opHaMeHT3 B BHL(e IIJIeTeHKII,
OImHMJIeHHaH C 60KOB J]:BYMH HeBbJCOKHMH
IIapaRJIeJIbHbJMH JIHHIfHMIf. TIJIeTeHKOH II
TaHHMH me JIHHIfHMIf caMbIH KOHeD; py-qKH
OT)'{eJIeH OT HHiKHero TopD;a. B rrpHMO-
yroJIbHbIX y-qaCTKax HHiKHeH "IaCTH py-qKH
C 60KOB rrOMeIIJ;eHO H306paiKeHHe J]:BYX
K03ROB, CTOHIIJ;HX Y CBHIIJ;eHHOrO J]:epeBa.
OHO J]:OBOJIbHO 6JIH3KO CD;eHe Ha 06ymHOH
"IaCTH 'IeK3Ha. OTRH"IaeTCH 60Ree RbITHHY-
TbIMlI rrporropD;IfHMIf, caMH qmrypbl K03-
JIOB BbJme, CTpOHHee, Ha rrJIe"Iax COJIHpHbJe,
3HaKH, KOTOpbJX HeT Ha H306paiKeHHHX
K03JIOB C 06yxa.
ECTb 60poJ]:bJ, OTCyTCTBYIOIIlHe y Bepx-
HHX K03JIOB. TIepeJ]:HIfMH HoraMH OHH orrH-
palOTCII Ha KarrHTeRe06pa3Hble pacmHpe-
HHH B cpeJ]:HeH "IaCTH «CBHllleHHoro L(epe-
Ba» HHiKe JIHCTbeB. Ha J]:epeBe BHJ]:HbI
IJJIOJ]:bJ (?) B BHJ]:e He60JIbmHX KpyiKKOB,
IIO TPH C KaiKJ]:OH CTOpOHbJ J]:epeBa H OJ]:HO
Ha ero BepmHHe. TIo "IeTblpe TaKIIX iKe
rrJIo)'{a (?) rrOMeIIJ;eHO Ha porax KaiKoro
K03JIa.
28
..
PHC. 7. PeKoHcTPYKI{JUI Y3 (aBTop A. B. CH-
MOHeHKo) .
B OBaJIbHOM lIIeJ]:aJIbOHe Ha HlIiKHeM
Tope PYKOHTKH H306paiKeHbI J]:Ba JIeiKa-
IIJ;IIX Ka6aHa B repaJIbJ]:H"IeCKOH rr03e. <tIH-
rypbJ ()THX Ka6aHoB B 06IIJ;eM O"IeHb 6JIH3-
KH <pHrype Ka6aHa (15) C py-qKH. TOJIbKO
TaM Ka6aH CTOHT, y Hero orryrn;eHa rOJIOBa
H rrOJ]:HHT XBOCT. A 3J]:eCb Ka6aHbI BbJTHIIY-
JIH MOPJ]:bI' BrrepeJ]:, XBOCTbJ HX onYIIJ;eHbI.
3J]:ecb "IeTKO BbIJ]:epiKaHa CIIMMeTpIfH <pH-
ryp: KaiKJ]:oe iKHBOTHoe, TO"IHO rrOBTOpHJI
J]:pyroe, HBJIHeTCH ero TO"IHeHmHM aep-
KaJIbHbIM OTpaiKeHHeM. CTpeMJIeHHe Mac-
Tepa rrOKa3aTb iKHBOTHoe C J]:BYX CTO-
pOH - B 06'beMe - 3J]:ecb BHJ]:HO O'IeHb
"IeTKO. To, 'ITO 1I306paiKeHo Ha J]:BYX CTO-
pOHax py-qKH, Ha J]:BYX rrJIOCKOCTHX, 3J]:eCb
CJ]:eJIaHO Ha OJ]:HOH. II paKTH"IeCKII ()TO He
Ba, 3 O)'{HO iKIfBOTHoe.
BbJme MbI yme rOBOpHJIH 0 CTpeMJIeHInI
MaCTepa IIOKa3aTb iKHBOTHbIX C J]:BYX CTO-
pOH Ha J]:BYX pa3HbJX rrJIOCKOCTHX. CpaBHe-
HHe ()JIeMeHTOB <pHryp OJ]:HIfX If Tex iKe
iKHBOTHbJX Ha pa3HbIX CTopOHax PY"IKH
CBHJ]:CTeJIbCTByeT 0 rrO"ITH rrOBceMeCTHOM
CJIeJ]:OBaHHH aTOMY rrpaBIIJIy. Oc06eHHO
xopomo aTO BH)'{HO IIpn cpaBHeHIfH J]:eTa-
JIeH «CBHIIJ;eHHoro L(epeBa» Ha HHiKHeii
"IaCTH PY"IKIf. BepXHIfH rrRoJ]: H J]:Ba rrJIoJ]:a,
HaXO,L(HIIJ;IfeCH HlfiKe, pacrrOJIOmeHbI CHM-
MeTpH"IHO J]:aiKe B rrpep:eJIax OJ]:HOH CTOpO-
HbI. Ha CTopOHe, KOTOPYIO YCJIOBHO MaiK-
HO Ha3BaTb (<JJpaBoib>,- iKHBOTHble 06pa-
IIJ;eHbI CJIeBa HarrpaBO, HHiKHHe J]:Ba rrJIoJ]:a,
BHCHIIJ;He Ha mJBOH CTopOHe J]:epeBa, He-
CKOJIbKO (Ha 0,5 MM) Bblme, "IeM rrJIOJ]:bI,
BHCHIIJ;He C rrpaBoH CTOpOHbJ J]:epeBa II
06pa3YIOIIJ;He HM rrapbI Ha «JIeBOH» CTOpO-
He py'IKH (rJ]:e J:KHBOTHbIe H306paiKeHbJ
crrpaBa HaJIeBO), rrOJIOiKeHHe rrJIOJ]:OB Ha

pa3HbIX CTOpOHaX J]:epeBa OOpaTHOe. H:lIiK-
HHe Ba rrJIoJ]:a C JIeBOH CTOpOHbI J]:epeBa
1I0MeIIJ;eHbI pOBHO Ha 0,5 MM HHII,e nap-
HbJX HM rrJIOJ]:OB Ha rrpaBoH CTopOHe. ITo-
aTOMY rrpH 3epKaJIbHOM HaJIOiKeHHH BCe
aJIeMeHTbI H306paiKemuI J]:epeBa a6COJIIOT-
HO COBrraJ]:aIOT. KaJ{ YiKe OTMeqaJIOCb BbJ-
llIe, Ha 60ItaX PYROHTKH rrOMeIIJ;eHbJ
28 11306paiKeHHH - pa3Ho06pa3HbIe, CKO-
rrHpOBaHHble co MHorHX rrpeL(MeTOB <pHry-
pbI iKHBOTHbIX, 'IaCTO HerrOHHTHbIX H HC-
RaiKHHbIX 22.
HapHL(Y C BrrOJIHe peaJIbHbIMH iKHBOT-
BbJMH - OJIeHeM (5, 6), KOBeM (12, 26),
J]:IlJ\HM Ra6aHOM (15, 20, 28), JIOCeM (?)
(22, 24), H306paiKeHbJ iKHBOTHbJe C TeROM
OJIeHH II C poraMH K03JIOB pa3HbIX BHJ]:OB
(3,4,8-11, 19,21,27).
MHTepecHo, 'ITO Bce iKHBOTHbIe C TeJIOM
OJIeHH H poraMH R03JIOB HMelOT Ha rrJIe'Ie
COJIHpHbIe 3Ha'IKH, OTCY,CTBYIOIIJ;He Y
«'IHCTbIX» OJIeHeH HJIH JIOCeH. OTMeTHM,
'ITO K03eJI 3aHHMaeT oc060e rrOJIOiKeHHe
cpeJ]:H BceX iKHBOTHbJX, H306palI\eHHbIX Ha
06KJIa)],Re Torropa, rrOMHMO Toro, 'ITO OH
HMeeT COJIHpHble 3HaQKH. CaMHx I\03ROB
HJIH iKHBOTHbIX C pa3Ho06pa3HbIMH K03JIH-
HbIMH poraMIi Ha caMOM 'IeKaHe 11306pa-
meno rrHTb H3 mecTH, a Ha py-qKe - H3
32-11 *.
B MaHepe, 06bI'IHOH )],JIH CKHlpCKOH ap-
xaHRH, H306paiKeHbJ rraHTepbI (1, 2).
«HerroHHTHbIMH H HCRaiKeHHbJMH)} 60JIbllIe
J]:Pymx ORa3aRHCb iKHBOTHbJe 14 H 16.
K HeCIWJIbKO THiKeJIOBaTOMY Kopnycy
rraHTepbI (14) 6bIJIH rrpHL(eJIaHbJ MeBe-
mbH (?) HorH C OpJIHHbJMH rOROBaMH, a
1\ <pJ'lrype Ka6aHa (16) rpe6eHb H KpbIJIbH
(?) rpH<poHa. M 3J]:eCb y iKHBOTHoro JIarrbI
He TaRHe, KaK y BCeX OCTaJIbHbIX 'IeTbJpeX
Ka6aHOB, H306paiKeHHbJX Ha Torrope, a
KorTHCTble JIarrbJ - KOma'IberO XHmHHKa
HJIH XHIIJ;HOii: rrTHn;bI.
BJIHiKaHmHe aHaJIOm J]:eKOPY Torropa
. MOiKHO HaHTIi Ha MeJIbrYHOBCROM J'I Ke-
JIepMeCCKOM Me'IaX H HeROTopb1X rrpe)],Me-
Tax KJIaJ]:a H3 3HBHe. 0 6JIH30CTH iKHBOT-
HbIX KeJIepMeCCKoro Torropa H BeID;eH 3H-
BIle rrHCaJI B. B. ITHOTpOBCKHH. ITo ero
MHeHHIO, OQeHb 6JIH3KH R03JIbI Ha 30JIOTOH
oj, no OAHoii cPlIrype Ha TOpn;ax pyqRII (MH
yme TIHCaJIH, qTO Ha HlImHeM TOpn;e H306pame-
HO OAllo mlIBOTHoe - Ra6aH, TIORaaaHHoe
RaR 6u C ABYX CTOpOH) H 30 cPlIryp Ha Ram-
J\OM 60RY.
rrJIaCTHHe H rraHTepbI Ha cepe6pHHOH
06HBRe IIJ;HTa (?) 23.
MOiKHO YKa3aTb Ha CReJ]:YIOIIJ;He 06ID;lle
aJIeMeHTbJ Y Me'IeH H3 KeJIepMeCCa c
MeJIbrYHOBa H rrapaJ]:Horo 'IeKaHa H3 1\e-
JIepMecca: CrrJIOllIHOe rrOKpbITHe rrJIOCROC-
TeH 30JIOTbJX 06HBOR <pHrypa1.IH iKHBOT-
HbJX, HepeJ]:KO rrOBTopHIOIIJ;HMHCH; rrepeJ]:a-
'Ia Ha J]:BYX rrJIOCKOCTHX oJ]:uoro H Toro iKe
rrpeJ]:MeTa C J]:BYX CTOpOH; J]:eJIeHHe rrpeJ!-
MeTOB, YHpameHHbJX 30JIOTbJMH opHaMeu-
THpOBaHHbJMu. HaKJIaJ]:KaMU, Ha 30HbJ; HC-
rrOJIb30BaHue }J;JIH pa3J]:eJIeHUH 30H H306pa-
iKeHHH J]:BOHHbIX peJIbe<pHbIX rrOJIOC, rrJIe-
TeHKH H yrOJIROB; HCrrOJIb30BaHue O}J;HHa-
I\OBbJX MOTHBOB H ClOiKeTOB 1I306paiKeHuii;
HHorJ]:a J]:O COBrraJ]:eHHH B J]:eTaJIHX (<<CBH-
IIJ;eHHble>) J]:epeBbH, OJIeHH, ropHbJe K03-
JIbJ); CTpeMJIeHHe YKpaCHTb J]:paroeHHbJM
MeTaJIJIOM BCIO rrOBepXHOCTb rrpeL(MeTa,
OCTaBJIHH OTI{PbITbJM iKeRe30 JIHllIb B «pa-
60'IHX)} 'IaCTHX OpYiKHH - KJIHHI\H Me'IeH
H JIe3BHHHaH 'IaCTb 'IeKaHa; a6COJIIOTHOe
TOiKJ]:eCTBO TeXHll'IeCKHX rrpHeMOB rrpH
H3rOTOBJIeHHH rrapaJ]:Horo opyiKHH; rrOMe-
ID;eHHe Ha opyiKHH KpYrJIOH CKYJIbIJTypbI
(JIbBbI Ha ROHIJ;ax HoiKeH Me'IeH U K03JIbI
Ha TOpn;e 'IeRaHa); HCrrOJIb30BaHHe )],JIH
YRpallIeHHH OJ]:Horo H Toro iKe rrpeL(MeTa
peaJIbHbIX H <paJITaCTHqeCKHX cym,eCTB,
'IeJIOBe'IeCKHX <pHryp H paCTeHHH.
TaRoe 60JIbJIJOe CXOJ]:CTBO HeJIb3H 06-
HCHHTb rrpOCTOH CRY'IaHHOCTblO. ITO-BJ'lJ]:Il-
MOMY, MOiKHO rOBopHTb 06 H3rOTOBJIeHHH
B OJ]:HOH MacTepcKoH cepHH J]:OBOJIbHO OJ]:-
Ho06pa3Ho YKpallIeHHoro opyiKHH He
TOJIbKO OJ]:Horo. BHJ]:a (rrpHMepOM MorYT
6bITb KeJIepMeCCKHH H MeRbrYHOBCKHe Me-
'IH), HO H eJIbJX Ha60pOB - rapHHTypOB
0pYiKHH. B J]:peBHeHllIHX CKH<pCKHX KOM-
rrJIeRCaX aTO rrapaJ]:HbIe Me'! H 'IeKaH H3
rrepBoro KeJIepMeCCKoro RypraHa, xpaHH-
ID;HeCH HbIHe B rOCYJ]:apCTBeHHOM 8pMll-
TaiKe (IlHB. oM Ky. 1903, 2/2 II Ky. 1903,
2/3) .
B CTaTbe 0 J]:peBHeHllIlix CKH<pCKHX rra-
paJ]:HbIX Me'IaX MbI J]:OBOJIbHO rroJ]:p06HO
rrHCaJIIi 0 MeCTe rrpOH3BOAcTBa aToro opY-
iKUH H 0 ero J]:aTupOBI\e 24. ITOaTOMY B
J]:aHHOH CTaTbe JIHllIb KpaTRO HarrOMHHM
OCHOBHble J]:aHHbIe.
ITapaJ]:HbIH Torrop H3 KeJIepMeCCa, KaK
H Me'! H3 Toro iKe RypraHa H MeQ H3
MeJIbrYHOBCRoro KypraHa, O'IeHb 6JIH3RHH
ReJIepMeCCROMY, C;a;eJIaHhI D O;a;HOH H3
29

MaCTepCKIIX nplI «CTaBKax» CRII<pCROH
3HaTII Ha TepplITOplIlI, 3aXBa'IeHHOH CRH-
q,aMII BO BpeMH IIX nepeJ]:Hea3lIaTCRHX
noXOJ]:OB. KeJIepMeCCRIIH, MeJIbrYHOBCKHH
RypraHbI II ROMnJIeRC 113 3HBIIe npaKTH-
'IecKH OJ]:HOBpeMeHHbI H J]:aTlIpyIOTCH ROII-
n;OM VII B. J]:O H. a.
Bo BpeMH npe6blBaHIIH CRII<POB Ha BOC-
TORe <POpMMpOBaJICH OCllOBHOH ROMrrJIeRC
CJ\H<pClwro HacTynaTeJIbHOrO II 3aIIJ;HTHOrO
BoopymeHIIH, IWMnJIeI,C, nplIHeceHHbIii
111<111 B CJIOmlIBllIeMCH BHJ]:e B CTenlI Ce-
BepHoro KaBKa3a II CeBepnoro IIplI'IepHO-
MOpbH nOCJIe B03BpaIIJ;eHHH Ha aTlI TepplI-
TOpHlI.
1 lJeplieliKO E. B. CRHq,CRHe 60eBble Tono-
pblll A11Y B 1978-1979 1'1'.- HenponeTpoBcR,
1980.- C. 88.
2 Me.J!lOKoea A. lJ. BoopymeHHe CKHq,OB II
CAI1.- 1964.-  1-4.- C. 66-68; IJl./lili-
Cbna B. A. CI\iq,CbI\i cormpH II ApxeoJIoriJI.-
1961.- T. 12.- C. 33. .
3 IJlJlilicbKa B. A. BRa3. npaqJI.- C. 36.
4 lJeplieliKO E. B, YRa3. Coq.- C. 88.
5 IJlJlilicbKa B. A. BRa3. npaqJI.- C. 38.
5 MeJllOKOea A. lJ. YRa3. COq.- C. 67.
1 ApTaMOlioe M. lJ. CORpoBHIIa clmq,cRHx
I,ypranoB.- JIeHimrpaA; ITpara, 1967.- C. 102.
8 lJeplieliKO E. B. peBHell.mHe Clmq,CRHe
napaAlIble Me'IH (MeJIbrYHOB R ReJIepMecc) II
ClmtPHJI H RaBI,a3.- RHeB, 1980.- C. 14-15.
nepBoe ynoMHHaH1le 0 <pOJIbKJIOpe CRmpOB
B coxpaHIIBIIIeHCH rpe'IeCROH JIHTepaType
CBH3aHO C HMeHeM noaTa AJIRMaHa. 8TO
06pa3 CKa30'IHO npeRpaCHoro KOHH Ko-
JIaRcaH.
o JIereHJ]:apHOM CKH<pCIWM n;ape KOJIaR-
cae JIY'IllIe Bcero H3BeCTHO 113 (,MCTOPIIII»
fepoJ]:oTa (IV, 5, 7). MJIaJ]:llIHH 1I3 Tpex
CbIHOBeH nepBoro n;apH CKII<p1I1I TaprlI-
Tan, OH nOJIY'IIIJI n;apCTBO nOTOMY, 'ITO
eMY J]:OCTaJIIICb CBHIIJ;eHHbIe 30JIOTble npeJ]:-
MeTbI, ynaBllIHe C He6a. KpoMe repOJ]:OTa,
HMH R'OJIaRCaH BCTpe'IaeTCH JIlIllIb y .n;BYX
aHTII'IHbIX noaTOB: Y rpeRa AJIKMaHa
(VII B. J]:o H. a.) II plIMJIHHIIHa BaJIepIDI
<PJIaKRa (I B. H. a.). Mx CO'IIIHeHHH He
onHpalOTCH Ha paCCRaa repOJ]:OTa. BeJ]:b
nepBbIH CTapme IICTOpHKa nO'lTM Ha J]:Be-
30
9 IJlJlincbKa B. A. BRa3. npa:qJI.- C. 40.
10 lJJlbUIiCKaR. B. A. 11306pameHHJI CRHq,OB
BpeMelIH nepeAHea3HaTcRHx nOXOAOB 1/ A11Y B
1976-1977 rr.- YmropoA, 1978.- C. 50;
lJJlbUIiCKas B. A. 11306pameHHJI clmq,oB Bpe-
MeHH nepe;:lHea3HaTcRHx nOXOAOB II ApeBHocTH
CTeIIHoll. Clmq,HH.- RHeB, 1982.- C. 42-43;
lJJlbUIiCKaR. B. A., TepelioJ/CKuli A. lJ. CRHq,HJI
VII-IV BB. AO H. a.- RHeB, 1983.- C. 74.
11 lJJlbUIiCKas B. A. 11306pameHl'IJI CRH-
q,OB ... II peBHOCTH CTerrHon: CRHq,HH.- C. 42'1
12 TaM me.- PIIC. 1-3.- C. 38-42.
13 Texoe B. B. CRHq,bI H eHTpaJIbHblii: RaB-
Ha3 B VII - VI BB. AO II. a.- M. : HaYKa, 1980.
14 nOJpe60ea M. H. iKeJIe3Hble Tonopbl
CRHq,CRoro THmt B 3aKaBRa3be II CA.- 1962,
M 2.
15 lJ./IbUIiCKaR. B. A. 11306pameHlIJI CKR-
q,OB ...11 peBHocTH CTenHoll. CKHq,HH.- C. 43.
15 Malilfeeu'I A. n. fOPHT H3 Ryprana Co-
JIoxa II Tp. f8.- 1962.- T. 7.- C. 118.
17 1J eplieliKO E. B. OpymHe H3 TOJICTOH Mo-
rnJIbll1 Clmq,Clmll. MHp.- KHeB, 1975.- C. 160.
18 ApraMOlioe M. lJ. YKa3. COq.- C. 102.
19 nUOTpOeCKUU B. B. Clmq,bl H Jl:peBHHH
BOCTOR II CA.- 1954.- T. 19.- C. 155.
20 ApTaMOlioe M. H. YRa3. COq.- C. 20.
21 lJJlbUIiCKaR. B. A. COBpeMeHHoe COCTOJIHHe
np06JIeMbl CRHq,CRoro 3BepHHoro CTHJIR II Clm-
q,0-cH6HpcRHll. 3BepHHbIll. CTHJIb B HCRYCCTBe Ha-
pOAOB EBpa3HH.- M., 1976.- PHC. 1, 17.-
C. 18.
22 nUOrpOeCKUU B. B. YRa3. COq.- C. 155.
23 TaM me.- C. 152-156.
24 lJeplieliKO E. B. peBHell.mHe CKJ[q,Clme
napaABble MeqH.- C. 22-27.
M. B. Cnp:JICuncnalt
,Il;PEBHE.RmEE CBH)J;ETEJIbCTBO
o 3HAROMCTBE rPEROB
C MH«I>OJIOrHE.R CRH«I>OB
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B rr0331I1O Am\MaHa COBceM HHbIM, 60e
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32
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HlIn;eH; fepo}]:oT [1, 79] Crren;HaJIbHO OT-
MeTHJI JIH)],HHn;eB KaR rrpeRpaCHbJX nae3}]:-
HlIKOB. B CBeTe ;}TlIX C006rn;eHHH copeB-
HOBaHlIe CKlI<pCKlIX n JIH)],HHCKHX ROHeH
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TO JIeren}]:bI, KOTOpLIe Tenepb lIa-aa OTCYT-
CTBIIH MCTO'IHUKOB HeB03MOiKnO BOCCTanO-
BUTb, I,aR aTO y}]:aeTCH B CJIy-qae C KOneM
CI>M<pCROro n;apH KOJIaRCaH.
I Bowra C. M. Greek Lyric Poetry.- Oxford,
1961.- P. 53-54.
2 Page D. L. AIkman. The Parthenion.-
Oxford, 1951.
3 West M. L. Alkmanica II The Classical
QuarterIy.- Oxford, 1965.- Vol. 15.- P. 193.
4 Deveraux G. The Koloxain Horse of AIk-
man's Parthenion II Ibid.- P. 178.
6 Page D. L. Op. cit.- P. 87, 90.
6 Deveroux G. Op. cit.- P. 176.
7 l{yabMulia E. E. KOHl, B peJIHrHH H HCKYC-
CTBe caIWB H CKHq,OB II Clmq,bl H capMaTH.-
HHeB, 1977.- C. 97.
fopo}]:uIIJ;e «MJIbIHOK» paCIlOJIOiKenO B
3 RM R ceBepO-3arra}]:y OT c. BerrpuR <l>ac-
TOBCROro p-na KueBCROH 06JI. B uaJIY'lune
p. 11prrenb, na ee JIeBOM 6epery. MecT-
nOCTb B paHone rraMHTnuRa B OCHOBnOM
paBHUHHaH, HU3MeHHaH, rropOCllIaH JIeCOM,
Ha OT}]:eRbnbIX Y'laCTRaX aa60JIO'lenHaH.
B rrJIane ropo}]:UIIJ;e oRpyrJIOH <pOpMbI
(puc. 1). Ero 06IIJ;aH rrJIOIIJ;a}]:b rrpUMepHO
40 ra. C IOro-BocToRa na ceBepo-3arra}]:
qepe3 rop0J(uIIJ;e rrpoTeRaeT p. 11prrenb.
B HaCTOHIIJ;ee BpeMH ona rrepeRpbITa rrJIO-
TunOH, B peaYRbTaTe 'lero 06paaOBaJICH
npy}]:, 3aHUMalOID;lIH ceBepO-3arra}]:nylO
qaCTb ropo}]:MIIJ;a (rrJIOIIJ;a}]:b ORORO 9 ra).
C aarraJ(a, ceBepo-aarra}]:a U IOro-BocToRa
ropo}]:uIIJ;e UMeeT eCTeCTBeHHYIO aaIIJ;UTY -
p. 11 prreHb U 60JIOTO, I>OTOpOe B }]:peBnoc-
TU, BepOHTHO, 6bWO cyurecTBenHoH BO}]:-
HOM rrperpa}]:oH. C IOmHOH U 'IaCTU'lnO C
ceBepHoH CTOpOH ropo}]:urn;e 06Heceno
BaROM U pBOM. AJIuna lOiKnOr) y-qaCTRa
BaJIa 880, ceBepHoro 320 M. llIupuna BaJIa
B cpe}]:neM 1,8, BbJCOTa 3-4, llIupUHa pBa
)],0 10, rJIy6uHa 1-2 M. Hau60Ree Xopo-
IDO coxpanUJICH BaJI' na ceBepHOM y-qaCTRe
ropo}]:UIIJ;a -}]:O 4,5 M B BbJCOTY. B na-
CTOHIIJ;ee BpeMH OH OrpaHUqUBaeT rrJIO-
ID;a}]:b MeHee O}]:HOro ra, rrpUMbJRalOIIJ;YIO
R rrpy}]:y II OT}]:eJIenHYIO, TaRUM 06pa30M,
BOJ(OH OT OCTaRbHOH 'laCTU ropo}]:UIIJ;a.
ITpu coopymenuu rrOCJIe}]:nero RpaH BaJIa
6bIJIII cpeaanbI (B }]:peBHOCTH aTa nJIOIIJ;a}]:b
3- 2992
8 PaeeCKUU 1/,. C. O'IepKH Hl(eOJIOrHH CKII-
q,o-capMaTCKHx IIJIeMeH.- M., 1977.- C. it:!.
9 BUTT B. O. 31omal(H IIa3blpblKCKHX Kypra-
HOB II CA.- 1952.- r. 16.- C. 185, 191.
10 West M. L. Op. cit.- P. 103; Bolton J. D.
Aristeas of Proconnesus.- Oxford, 1962.-
P. 43, 81.
II Bolton J. D. Op. cit.- P. 188; Deveroux G.
Op. cit.- P. 176; West M. L. Op. cit.- P. 193.
12 CeelilfUlfKasz 11. C. rpe'1eClale ropoiIa B
COCTaBe 31nl(HHCKOro l1apCTBa II BD,I1.- 1978.-
1'12 1.- C. 26-38.
13 Spxo B. H. PanHHiI rpe'IeCRan JIJlpHI,a II
AHTn'IHaH JIHpnKa.- M., 1967.- C. 89.
14 West M. L. Op. cit.- P. 194.
15 BUTT B. 0.. YI,a3. COq.- C. 187.
16 'l/,bszKolioe 11. :'rJ. lIcTopHH MnI(HH.- M. ;
31., 1956.- C. 286.
17 TaM me.- C. 234, 317.
"
C. C. Beccolw6a, C. A. C/'i,opbUl
HOBOE rOPOJJ:H:rn:E
CRH<I>Cl\OrO BPEMEHH
HA RHEB:rn:HHE
6bJJIa 60JIee 'leTblpex ra). MecTrrocTb R
ceBepy rrOBbJllIaeTCH. Ha Bo}]:opaa}]:eJIe aa
ropuaoHToM BUL(HbI RyprannbJe HaCbJIJU.
IOmHbIH Y'laCTOR BaRa, OrpamI'lIIBalO-
IIJ;IIH ropo}]:uIIJ;e C HarrOJIbHOH CTOpOHbI,
npope3an B Tpex MeCTax. B }]:BYX pa3pbJ-
Bax llIJIpJIHOii 20 U 10 M rrpoxo}]:HT cOBpe-
MennbJC rrpOCeJIO'lHLIe }]:oporu. TpeTuH,
aarraJ(Hbrii paapbJB BaJIa llIUpUHOH 10 M
U3BeCTen y MecTHoro rraCeJIeHUH no}]: Ha-
aBaHJieM «QapcRue BopOTa». KpaH BaRa
orrJIbIBllIUe, BU}]:Ha aapOCllIaH ROJIeH. 8TO
UJIU }]:peBnuH B'bea}]: B ropo}]:uIIJ;e, UJIU aa-
6pollIenHaH }]:opora 60Ree noa}]:nero Bpe-
MeHU.
BaJI U pOB na 3na'lUTeJIbHOH rrpOTHiKen-
nOCTU 3apOCJIU cpaBnUTeRbiiO rYCTbIM JIe-
COM. B n;enTpaJIbIJoii qaCTJI ropo}]:uIIJ;a-
HeBbJCORUH MbJC, Ha 60JIbllIeH qaCTM
ROTOpOro pacrroROiI,eH XYTOP J\bbIHOR
(rrJIOID;aJ]:b 60JIee 12 ra). IDiI,naH 'IaCTb
ropo}]:uIIJ;a aanHTa oropo}]:aMU MeCTHbJX
mUTeJIeH, JIeCOrroca}]:RaMU COCHb!. 3L(eCb iKe
HaXO}]:UTCH COBpeMeHHoe RRaL(6uIIJ;e.
BnepBbJe rraMHTHUR 6bW o6cRe}]:oBan B
1982 r. B xo}]:e paaBe}]:oR aRcne}]:Ul\uu OT-
}]:eJIa apXeOROrMU KueBa 11HcTuTYTa ap-
xeORoruu AH YCCP rro;:!; pyRoBO}]:CTBOM
IT. IT. TOROqRO *. COTPY}]:HuRaMu aRcne-
* He HCKJIIO'IeHO, 'ITO Ha l(aHHOM IIaMHTHH-
Ke apxeoJIorn 6bIBaJIn H paHee (no coo6e-
HHHM MeCTHHX mnTeJIeii, B AOBoeHHHH nepHo,I:(
npoBoAHJIHCb pacKonIUI BaJIa). TeM He MeHee
33

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CTOR BaJla, rrO-BIIAIIWMY, cBH3aHHbIll. C paCCMaT-
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Ta KIIeBCRoii ry6epHIIII.- M., 1895).- IlpIIJIO-
meHIIe R XV T. «ApeBHocTell.»).
34
BaJIa. 0 naxO}]:Re 6bIJIO co06IIJ;eno B OT}]:eJI
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HbIH MaTepUaJI. 06CJIe}]:oBaHue JIaMHTUUJi:a
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nOBoH, C. A. CROpbJM, M. A. llIYJIbmeH-
1\0, B. IT. BeJI030pOM JIplI y-qacTIIII IIHiI\6-

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pbIM CHHT rJIa30MepHbIH nJIaH ropO}]:llID;a.
IT pOBeeIIbI C60PbI nO}]:'beMHorO MaTepll-
aJIa B }]:ocTynHblx }]:JIH OCMOTpa lOmHOM II
n;eHTpaRbHOM paHOHax ropO}]:llJD;a, ocyrn;e-
CTBReHa mYP<pOBKa rraMHTHllKa. 3aRome-
HO 11 KOHTpORbHbIX llIYP<P0B B IOmHoH
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X 1,8 M. B myp<pax 6bW BbIHBJIeH KYJIb-
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ax Jr 1--4 (paHoH oropo}]:oB) HaXO}]:Kil
rrpe}]:CTaBJIenbI Mem\llMU <pparMCJITaMll I{e-
paMIIKl1 {l HCBblpa3llTeJIbHbIMU oORoMKaMlI
rre'IllHbI.
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3}]:HIIMII ITepeKonaMll, 3arreraeT ITO}]: CJIOeM
'IepH03eMa B cynecll UJIllCTOrO IJ;BeTa II
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KOB Ha1l60Ree HaCblrn;eHHbJIl HaXO}]:KaMl!
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Bee COBpeMeHHoro KRap,6mu;a (mYPbI
oM 6--8). Oc06eHHo peayJIbTaTHBHbIM
OKa3aRCH llIYP<P oM 8. MOrn;HOCTb J,YJIb-
TypHoro CROH 3)J,eCb }]:O 0,95 M. B myp<pe
HaH}]:eHo 456 <pparMeHToB JIenHOH I,epa-
MllKH, B TOM qUCJIe HeMaRoe RORll'IeCTBO
npO<pllRllPOBaHHblX 'IacTeii COCY}]:OB, me-
JIe3HbIH cepn, 06JIOMRlI ne'IllHbI, IWCTII
mliBOTHbIX (B 'IaCTHOCTH, KOHCRlle 3y6bI),
MeJIRlle yrOJIbKH.
B cTpaTllrpa<pllll myp<pa oM 8 pa3JIll-
'IalOTCH TPlI CJIOH. AepHoBoro CJIOH rrpaI\-
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HOH 0,3 M. B HeM BCTpe'IaJOTCH MeJIKUe
!pparMeHTbI I{epaMllRll, 'IaCTO 06611Tble.
CROH nepeRonaH npll rrocap,Ke Reca. BTO-
pOH CROH - CBeTJIaH cyrrecb C BRRIO'Ie-
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JIil'IeCTBO HaXO}]:OK YBeJIil'IllROCb nO'ITH B
TPII pa3a no cpaBHeHlllO C BepXHlIM CRoeM.
B OCHOBHOM no MeRKlle <pparMeHTbJ Ke-
paMHKH, HaTI}]:eHbJ TalORe 'IeTblpe He60Jlb-
IJIllX KaMHH Ii }]:Ba <pparl\IeHTa Tpy6'IaTblX
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3*
no BceH nJIOIIJ;a)],M mypa )],0 rJ'Iy61IBbi
0,75--0,8 M. TOJIID;llHa CJIOH B lOrO-BOCTO'l-
HOH 'IaCTll }]:O 0,4 M, 3a BHM CJIe}]:yeT CBeT-
JIbIH neC'IaBbIH MaTepllR. B ceBepO-3ana)],-
HOH nOJIOBllHe RBa}]:paTa TeMHbIH rpYBT
rrRaBHO nOHMmaeTCH R ceBepO-3arra}]:HOMY
yrJIY, }]:OXO}]:H }]:O rJIy6llHbI 0,95 M, T. e.
TOJIJD;HHa ero 3}]:eCb }]:OCTllraeT nO'lTll
0,55 M. IToHllmeHlle BbIXO}]:IIT 3a rpaHHn;bJ
RBa}]:paTa. Ha rJIy6llHe 0,7 M 6JIll3 ceBepo-
3ana}]:Horo yrJIa npOCJIemeHbI }]:Be He6oRb-
illHe RIIH3bf CBeTRoro rJIHHUCTOro rpYHTa.
Haxo}]:oR rrpHMe'pHo CTOJIbKO me, Kal, H B
rrpe}]:bI}]:yrn;eM CRoe. B BepxHeH 'IaCTlI CROH
60JIee nOROBllHbI HaXO}]:OR (OKORO 50) co-
CTaBRHRll <pparMeHTbI KpynHblx TOJICTO-
CTeHHblX COCY}]:OB. BCTpe'IeHbI TaKme He-
CKOJIbIW KocTeM, Mem\He 06JIOMKll neqIIHbJ
II meJIe3HbIH cepn. B OCHOBaHHll CJIOH
rpYHT 60JIee nJIOTHbIH, HaXO}]:OK MaJIO-
MeJIRlle <pparMeHTbI KepaMllKll II rre'IIIHa,
}]:Be KOCTU. O'IeBll}]:Ho, myp<p rrorraJI na
X03HllcTBeIIHyro HMy IIPll mI1JIllIIJ;e.
Kcpal\1IlJ\a, 06napymeHHaa Ha TeppnTO-
plIil ropO}]:llrn;a (no}]:'beMHbIH MaTeplla.:r n
H3 llIYP<POB), eRllTcH Ha Tpll rpyIIITbI:
I{YXOHHaa Tapa, CTOJIOBaa.
[{YXOWWfl nocyfJa, 06pa3YIOIIJ;aH nall-
60JIee 3Ha'IHTeJlbHYlO rpynrry KepaMHRIi,
Upe}]:CTaBJIeHa <pparMeHTaMU ropllIKOB
pa3Rll'IHbIX pa3MepOB -- CJIa60npO<pllRllPO-
BaHHbIX u 6aHO'IHOrO Tllrra. cDparMeHTap-
HOCTb KepaMHRll He n03BORHeT p,eTaRbHO
CY}]:llTb 0 <popMax COCyp,OB. BORbmaH
'IaCTb ropmROB lIMeJIa nJIaBHO OTorHYTbIH
Hapymy BeH'IHK.
llpe06JIap,alOIIJ;ee ROJIll'IeCTBO nocYbI
aTOM rpyrrrrbJ 'opHaMeHTllpOBaHO no}]: BeH-
'IllKOM (llJIll B O;J:HOM cRy'Iae rro Ropnycy)
HaRerrHbIM BaRllI{OM. paC'lReHeHHbIM naJIb-
n;eBbIMu BL(aBJIeHUHMll, peme - 3arn;urra-
Mll. B pH;J:e CJIy'laeB COCyp,bI }]:OITORHlI-
TeJIbHO YRpameHbI CRB03BbJMH rrpOROJIaMU
Bblme BaRHKa HJIM no HeMY, HJIll HaKOJIa-
Mil, HaHeCeHHbJMH C 06paTHOH CTOpOHbI
B Tex me MeCTax (pllC. 2, 1-2, 4). ABa
<pparMeHTa BeH'IlIKOB COCY}]:OB opHaMeHTll-
pOBaHbI TOHKllM BaRIIROM rro}]: BeH'IllKOM
C rraJIbn;eBbIMH Bp,aBJIeHlIHMlI II }]:orrORHll-
TeJIbHO rro}]: BaRUKOM rrpo}]:ORroBa TbJl\lll
B}]:aBJIeHllHMU, HaHeceHHbIMll naJIO'lRoii:
(pac. 2, 5). It aTOMY Tllny OTHOCllTCH
06ROMOR BeH'IllRa ropmRa, YKpameHHbr:H
no HaJIenHOMY BaJIllKy MeJIKHMU rrpo}]:OJI-
rOBaTbIMH B}]:aBReHllHMil (puc. 3, 7).
Peme BCTpe'IaIOTCH llBbIe TllnbI opHa-
35

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PHC. 2. JIenHan KepaMHI<a H3 ropoAHa «MJIblHoK..
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fRy60KIIMU oRpymbIMli B,T.\aBReHllHMll, pac-
nOJIaraBllIIIMHCH no npHMOH RMHlIli (pIIC.
3, 4), APyroH YKpallIeH opHaMeHTOM B
BRJ]:e J]:OBORbHO RpyrrHbIx «rOpOmIIHI>, RO-
TOpbIM C BHYTpeHneH CTOpOHbI COOTBeT-
CTBylOT naRORbI, II rrpoJ]:oRroBaTbIMli HM-
KaMII no RpalO BeH'IHRa (pliC. 2, 6). L(Ba
<pparMeHTa ropRa ropllIRoB opHaMeHTllpo-
BaHbI rro,T.\ BeH'IHRC1M TpeyrOJIbHbIM B pa3-
pe3e BaRHROM, nORpbITbIM Rocoii HaCe'IROH
(puc. 3, 8). C BHYTpeHHeH CTOpOHbI Ha-
npOTHB BaJIHRa opHaMeHT B BllJ]:e BepTll-
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ROH. BbI3bJBaeT HHTepec <pparMeHT BeH-
'IIIRa cocY,T.\a 6aHO'IHOrO TlIna, YRpameH-
nbIH rro RpalO ne'leTRllMH naJIbI(eBbIMJI
B,T.\aBReHHHMH, HlliKe - RpyrJIbIMH He60JIb-
1lI1iMli HMRaMJI, pacnORaraBllIUMHCH no
npHMOH JIMHHII (pnc. 3, 3).
TecTo RYXOHHOH rrocY,T.\bI rpy60e, pbIX-
JIoe, cOL(epiKanree 3Ha'illTeJIbHOe ROJIll'le-
CTBO rrpuMecIl - ,T.\OBORbHO I,pynHblx He-
np03paTIHbIX RYCO'lROB RBapn;a II MeJIRliX
6JIeCTOR CJIIO,T.\bI (?). Qeperr01\ B H3..'IOMe,
},aR npaBllRo, JJ;BYXf\BeTHbIH - 6ypbIII II
opaHiKeBbIH ('ITO 06'bHCHHeTcH HepaBHo-
36
MepHOCTblO 06iKllra), peiKe - 6ypbIH HJIli
opaHiKeBbn'i.
OpHaMeHTliRa COCY,T.\OB (naJIenHoii na-
JIIIR, pac'meHCHHbIii naJIbn;eBbIMII B,T.\aBRe-
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npoJ]:ORrOBaTbIe B,T.\aBRenllH, HaHeceHllbIe
naRO'IROii HHiKe BaJIHI,a) HaxOJ]:llT BeJIU-
ROJIenHbIe aHaJIOrlI cpe,T.\u nocY,T.\bI VI-
V BB. ,T.\O H. a. B naMHTHliRax JIecocTenH
B n;eRoM II IIpaB06epembH B 'IaCTHOCTli
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IIaCTblpCROe ropo,T.\lIIIJ;a, I10CeJIeHlIe B YPO'I.
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opHaMeHToM ,T.\OBORbHO 'IaCTO BCTpe'IaeT-
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MeHJI 6acceHHa p. BopCRRa 1. AHaJIorM
opHaMeHTY B BH,T.\e ORpyrRbIX B,T.\aBJIeHUH
no,T.\ BeH'IliROM, «rOpOllIHH» xopomo 113-
BeCTHbI Ha cocY,T.\ax ROHn;a VI- V BB. ,T.\O
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C HaRenUbIM BaJIliROM Y RpaH, YRpallIeH-
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pORoro pacnpOCTpaaeHllH B RepaMHTIeCI<OM
ROMrrReRce JIecocTenH. <DparMeHT cocY,T.\a
C rrO,T.\06HbIM opHaMeHTOM HaHJ]:eH Ha Xo-
TOBCKOM ropOJ]:HIIJ;e 3.


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PRC. 3. HaxoAKH B3 ropoAHm;a «MJIblHOK».
Tapa npeJ]:cTaBJIeHa <pparMeHTaMII J]:O-
BOJIbHO 60JIbmlIX COCYJ]:OB C rrOJ]:JIOm;eH-
HOH llJIII HeJIOIIJ;eHOH cepoH IIJIII TeMHOH
nOBepXHOCTblO - ropmRoB cJIa60npo<plI-
JIllpOBaHHbIX II 6aHo<rHoro Tllna, ROpqar
(pllC. 2, 3, 12; 3, 1-2; 5-6, 12). qacTb
COCYJ]:OB, CYJ]:H no coxpaHllBllIllMCII <ppar-
MeHTaM, BepOHTHO, 6bIJIa HeopHaMeHTllpo-
BaHa. 11HbJe 6bIJIII YRpallIeHbI KpynHbIMll
«ropOmUHaMll» (puc. 3, 1-2), HaJIen-
HbIM BaJIllROM nOJ]: BeHTIIII\OM, paC'IJIeHeH-
HbIM naJIbrreBbIMll BAaBJIeUllHMll (pllC. 2,
7). Ha Iwpnyce COCYJ]:OB BCTpeqalOTCH
BaJIURII: rJIaJ]:I\lIe (nJIOCRlIe, TpeyrOJIbHble
B Ce'<IeHllll), opHaMeHTupOBaHHbI8 naJIb-
:JBbJMll Bl(aBJIeIJIIHMll II 3aIIJ;llrraMII (plIC.
I, -6, 12). IToA06uaH opHaMeHTllRa, RaR
{me OTMeqaJIOCb, xopomo ll3BeCTHa B
(peBHOCTHX II paB06epeiKHoH JIeCOCTenlI
VI- V BB. J]:O H. a. ITo COCTaBY TeCTa
tepaMllRa nOH rpynnbI MaJIO <reM OTJIII-
raeTCH OT RYXOHHOH. OAHaRO Ra'leCTBO
16mllra JIy<rme, qepenOR OJ]:HOn;BeTHbIII-
'eMHbJH IIJIll opaHiKeBbJH. cDparMeHTap-
!OCTh HeopHaMeHTupOBaHHOH RepaMllRII
\aHHOH rpynnbI (pIIC. 2, 12) 3aTpyJ]:HHeT
:OIICR ee npHMbIX aHaJIOrOB. TeM He Me-
.ee BeT oc06wx OCHOBaUlIii COMueBaTbCH
B ee oJ]:HoBpeMeHHocTII C paccMoTpeHHoM
Bblme opHaMeHTlIpoBaHHoH RepaMllI<oii.
fpynna CTOJt080U nocyab COCTOIIT ll3
<pparMeHToB MIICOR, Ry6Ra, <repnaROB
(wm Ry6ROB). COCYJ]:bI IIMelOT cepylO
TeMHYIO IIJIII J]:aiKe <repHYIO nOJ]:JIOIIJ;eHHYIO
nOBepXHOCTb (llCKJIIO'IeHlle - BepXHHH
qaCTb OJ]:HOH 113 MIICOR C nOJ]:JIOIIJ;eHHOii
nOBepXHOCTblO RpaCHOBaToro I(BeTa). LJe-
perrOR B 1I3JIOMe qepHbIH, TeCTO nJIOTHOe,
C MeJIRIIMll BRJIIO'<IeHIIHMII RBapIIa. MllCRll,
CYJ]:II no coxpaHllBmllMCH BepXHllM npo-
<pIIJIHpOBaHHbIM qaCTHM, OTHOCHTCH R
TpeM OCHOBHbIM TlluaM: C npHMbIM RpaeM,
OTorHYTbIM HapyiKy llJIII 3arHYTbIM BHYTPb
(pllC. 3, 13-17). ITepBbIe ll3 HllX oGbI'<I-
HbI J]:JIH RepaMll<reCRoro ROMnJIeRCa JICCO-
CTenll B CKll<pcRoe BpeMH. BJIlIiKanmHe
TepplITOpllaJIbHO aHaJIOrU 1I3BeCTHbI Ha
XOTOBCROM ropoJ]:UIIJ;e 4. OJ]:Ha 113 MllCOR
YRpameHa no nJIe'<IHRaM rrOHCOM MenRllX
«ropOIDIIH», ROTOpbIM C BHYTpeHHeH CTO-
pOHbI COOTBeTcTBylOT HaROJIbI (puc. 3,
17). 11cnOJIb30BaHlIe nOJ]:06Horo nplIeMa
opHaMeHTan;1I1I mlIpORO 3aCBIIAeTeJIbCTBO-
BaHO Ha MIICRax 113 JIeCOCTenHbIX rraMHT-
UIIROB VI- V BB. J]:O H. a., oc06eHHo Ha
ITpaB06epeiKbII ,I:(Henpa II B ITOBopCRJIbe 5.
?"

BCTpe'IaIOTCH q.parMeHTbI TOJICTOCTeHHbIX
MHC01\, YRpameUUbIX aUaJIOrH'IHbIM 06pa-
30M (pHC. 3, 9).
OTomYTbIH 60pTHR OJ]:UOH H3 MHCOR
YRpallIeH Hape3HbIM opHaMeHToM B BHAe
ROCO 3amTpnxoBaHHoro TpeyrOJIbHHRa
(pnc. 3, 10). MHCRH C nOA06HoH opHa-
MeHTaHeH OTHOCHTCH R RpaHHe peARoll
CepHJI rrocyp;bf, H3BeCTHOll: B JIeCOCTerrHOM
llpaB06epeiKbe B VII-VI BB. AO H. a. G
11x rrOHBJIeHHe CBH3bIBalOT C BJIJUIHITeM
I\YJIbTYP arrOXH 6pOH3bI - paHHero iKe-
JIe3HorO BeRa KaprraTo-L(YHaHcKoro 6ac-
ceHHa 7 H RYJIbTypbI Eacapa6n B 'IaCTHO-
CTH 8. 11HTepeceH 60JIbllIOH <pparMeHT
Ry6Ra rpymeBHAHOH <pOpMbI CO cJIa60
OTornYTbIM BeH'IHROM (puc. 2, 8). ITpe;rJ,-
rrOJIaraeMaH BbICOTa cocY;rJ,a OROJIO 5 CM.
I\y60R OTJIH'IaeTCH OT Hnoll CTOJIOBOII
rrOCY;rJ,bI OTCJ TCTBHeM JIOIIJ;eHHH. COCY)],bI
aHaJIOrH'JHoii <pOpMbJ H pa3MepoB, HO C
JIOIIJ;eHOll: rroBepxHocTbIO xopomo H3BeCT-
HbI B ApeBHOCTHX JIecocTerrH VI B. J]:O
H. a. 9 CpeAH <pparMeHTOB CTOJIOBOrr rro-
CYJ]:bJ, HaHAeHHbIx Ha ropo;rJ,HIIJ;e, <ppar-
MeHTbI OOROBbIX 'IaCTeH H AHa TOHKOCTeH-
HbIX JIOIIJ;eHbIX COCY)],OB, Ry6ROB UJIH <rep-
rra'«OB (pITc. 2, 9-11).
ITOMHMO RepaMHRH. npH 06CJIe;rJ,oBaHJUI
rraMHTHHRa Ha rroBepxHocTH HaHAeHbI ;rJ,Ba
RepaMH'IeCRHX rrpHCJIHa AHCI\OBIIAHOH II
ROJIeCOBHL(HOH: <pOpM (pHC. 3, 18-19).
ITpeACTaBJIHeT HHTepec HaxOARa He-
60JIbllIOrO iKeJIe3HorO cepna B BHAe He-
60JIbmOrO RplO'IRa. JJ;JIHHa ceprra 14, llIH-
pHHa rrJIaBHO 1T30rHyToro JIe3BlHJ 1,6 CM
(pHC. 3, 20). ITO;rJ,06HbJe (<RpIORaCTbJe» 10
ceprrbI H3BeCTHbI B He60JIbmOM IWJIJI'Ie-
CTBe B rraMHTHHRax VI - V BB. ;rJ,0 H. a.
RaR na JIeB06epeiKbe (llIHpHeBcIwe ropo-
!J:HIIJ;e Ha CeHMe, rrOCeJIeHHH Y CTanUHH
TUeJIROBaH, B03JIe 03, qafma) II, TaR H Ha
ITpaB06epeiKbe L(Herrpa (XO,l{OCOBCRoe 1'0-
pO;rJ,IIIIJ;e) 12.
COBoRynHocTb paCCMOTpeHIJOrO MaTe-
pHaJIa, B OCHOBHOM RepaMIIKa, rr03BOJIHeT
rro aHaJIOrHll AaTupOBaTb ropO;rJ,HIIJ;e
«MJIbIHOR}) VI- V BB. ;rJ,0 H. a.
IIaMHTHHR pacrrOJIOn,eH Ha TeppHTo-
pHH, ROTOPYIO Tpa;rJ,HHoHHO OTBO;rJ,HT CRH-
<paM-rraxapHM repo;rJ,oTa. ITo CBOHM pa3-
l.repaM aTO caMoe RpyrrHoe 113 1I3BeCTHbIX
HblHe Tpex rOpOAJlIIJ; CRH<pCRoro BpeMeHH
rra KHeBIIJ;HHe: rrJIOIIJ;a;rJ,b XOToBcRoro 1'0-
pOAHIIJ;a paBHa 31 ra. XO;rJ,OCOBCRoro (UJIH
KpyrJIoro) elI\e MeHbme - 60JIee 1 ra 13.
38
rOpOJ]:HIIJ;e «MJIbIHOR» 06JIaJ]:aeT PHJ]:OM
npIl3HaRoB, xapaRTepHbIx )],JIH ropO)],Hrn;
CRH<pclwro BpeMeHH YRpaHHcRoH JIeco-
CTenn: oc06eHHocTH Tonorpa<pHH naMHT-
HHRa, HaJIH'IHe cB060AHOH OT 3acTpoHRH
TeppHTopHH, AepeBHHHbJe ROHCTpYRHH B
BaJIaX, BRJIIO'IeHHe B cHcTeMY ropo;rJ,HIIJ;a
BOAHoro HCTO'IHHRa 14. HapHAY C aTHM
OHO HMeeT OAHO CYIIJ;eCTBeHHoe OTJIH'IHe
OT nOAaBJIHIOIIJ;erO 60JIbmHHCTBa uaMHT-
HH1\OB RaR ITpaB06epeiKbH, TaR H JIeBo-
6epembH. ]\aR rrpaBHJIO, rOpOAHIIJ;a CKH<p-
CROll arrOXH coopYiKeHbI Ha BbICORHX TpYA-
HOAocTynHbJX 6eperOBbIX MbIcax IIJIH
Teppacax, B MeCTax, ORpYiKeHHbIX C He-
CROJIbR CTOpOH 6aJIRaMH HJIH pe'IRoii:,
T. e. Y;rJ,06HbJX ;rJ,JIH 060POHbI 15. rOpO;rJ,HIIJ;C
«MJIbIHOR» HH3MeHHoe. TaRHe rOpOAHIIJ;a
a6COJIIOTHO He xapaRTepHbI AJIH CRH<p-
CROH JIecocTerrH. E;rJ,HHCTBeHHoe H3BeCT-
Hoe HaM HCRJIIO'leIIHe - JIJ060THIICJ\Oe 1'0-
pOAHIIJ;e VI - III BB. AO H. a. lIa JIeBo-
6epeiKbe {(Herrpa (B 6acceHne CeBepcRoro
L(oHa). Ero HH3MeHHoe paCrrOJIOiKeHHe
06'bHCHHIOT TeM, qTO rrepBOHaqaJIbHO TaM
CYIIJ;eCTBOBaJIO OTRpbIToe nOCeJIeHHe, RO-
Topoe ('0 BpeMeHeM 6blJI0 06HecelI0 CO
Bcex CTOpOH BaJIOM H pBOM 16. rOpO;rJ,HllIa
rrO;rJ,06Horo xapaRTepa, T. e. HH3MeHHbIe,
H3BeCTHbI Y ceBepHbIx coceL(ei1 CI\M<pOB-
naxapei1 - HaCeJIeHHH MHJIOrpMCROH
RYJIbTypbI, oToiKAeCTBJIHeMOrO 60JIbllIHH-
CTBOM HCCJIe;rJ,OBaTeJIeH C repo;rJ,oToBCRHMH
HeBpaMH 17. ITpaB;rJ,a, rrOCJIeJ]:HHe OTJIH'Ia-
IOTCH 3HaTTHTeJIbHO MeHbmHMH pa3Mepa-
MH, RaR npaBHJIO, HX rrJIOIIJ;aAb He rrpeBbI-
maeT 5- 6 ra 18. ECJIJI Y'IeCTb, 'ITO Tep-
pHTOpUH KHeBCRoro IIOJl:HenpOBMI B
CRll<pCI\YIO arroxy (B 'IaCTHOCTH, B I\OHe
VI-IV-III BB. ;rJ,0 H. a.) HBJIHJIaCb Me-
CTOM nerrOCpeJl:CTBeHHoro KOHTaKT3 Hace-
JIeHHH CRII<pCROH H MIIJIOrpa;rJ,cRoH KYJIb-
TYP 19, TO HeJIb3H IICKJIIOlJaTb B03MOiKHOC-
TH rrOHB,'IeHIIH IIH3MeHHoro ropOL(HIIJ;a Ha
rrep'IqlepHH CI rl<pcROll JlecocTerrH rro;rJ, MR-
JIOrpaaCRMM BJIHHHlIeM *.
MaTeplIaJIOB ;rJ,JIH xapaKTepucTHRII xo-
3HiicTB3 HaCeJIeHHH, iKIIBIllero Ha paccMaT-
pUBaeMoM ropo;rJ,HIIJ;e, rrORa RpaHne MaJIO.
O;rJ,HaRo BPHL( JIII MbJ olITH6eMCH, npe;rJ,rro-
* Hanoo.1Jee OJIll3I\H TeppllTODUaJIbRO ropo-
I\nma MUJIOrpal\CROl1 KYJIbTypbI I\lleocRoro no-
JIeCbR. Hx IIJIOmal\b 1\0CTllraPT llIIOfl\a 11-
12 ra. (liY'l.epa J!. n. fOPOIIHU)3. MI1!IOf'p3,!{-
CbI'Ol Ky.r.bTYPIJ B RnlBcblwMY rIo.lIicci 1/ Apxeo-
JIOriR.- 1976.- M 20.- c. 88-94).

JIOmIIB, 'ITO OCHOBHbIM 3aHHTIIeM mlITe-
JIeH 6bIJIO 3eMJIeAeJIlle II CROTOBOACTBO,
'TaR iRe, RaR II BO BceH 061lIllpHOH 30He
JIeCOCTerrll. HaJIll'Ille B caMOH HerrocpeJ]:-
CTBeHHOH 6JIll30CTll peRil rr03BOJIHeT J]:y-
MaTb, 'ITO He rrOCJIeAHlO1O pOJIb B X03HU-
CTBe 06HTa TeReH ropoAMIIJ;a MrpaJIO pbI60-
JIOBCTBO. Pa3YMeeTCH, JIlIllIb CTan;llOHap-
HbIe MCCJIeJ]:OBaHMH uaMHTHllRa MorYT AaTb
n;eJIbHOe rrpeACTaBJIeHlle 0 pa3JIll'IHbIX
CTopoHax iRll3HH OCTaBMBllIero ero Hace-
JIeHllH.
B 3aRJIIO'IeHlle rrpe ACTaBJIHeTCH B03-
MomHbIM OCTaHOBllTbCH Ha OJ]:HOM, Ha HallI
B3rJIHA, llHTepeCHOM MOMeHTe. 06panraeT
Ha ce6H BHJIMaHlle TOT <paKT, 'ITO BpeMH
coopYiKeHllH rOpOAlIIIJ;a «MJIbIHOR» CIIH-
XpOHHO BpeMeHll coopymeHllH XOTOBCRoro
II XOL(OCOBCRoro rOpOAMIIJ; (VI B. AO H. a.),
T. e. Bce TPll HbIHe ll3BeCTlIbIe Ha KlleB-
IIJ;MHe ropOl1:Mnra CRll<p0B-rraxapeH COopY-
\aIOTcH oAHoBpeMeHHo. IIpeJ]:rrOJIaraeM,
'ITO aTO OTHIOAb He CJIY'IaHHOe HBJIeHlle, a
OTpamelure CRomHbIX lICTOpllTJeCRllX CO-
6bITllH, llMeBllIllX MeCTO B YRa3aHHbIH rre-
pllOL( He TOJIbRO B JIeCOCTerrll, HO II B Ce-
BepHOM IIpll'IepHOMOpbe B n;eJIOM. KaR
1I3BeCTHO, B VII - rrepBOH rrOJIOBlIHe VI
B. J]:O H. a. CTerrH CeBepHoro fIpMTlepHo-
MOpbH He 6bWU OCHOBHbIM MeCTOM 06MTa-
HMH RO'IeBbIX CRll<POB, 0 'IeM y6eAllTeJIbHO
CBMAeTeJIbCTByeT MaJIO'IMCJIeHllOCTb IIf-
MHTHllROB aToro BpeMeHIf B CTerrHOM pe-
rlIOHe 20. ::ho 6bIJI rreplloA 3aXBaTHlI'IC-
CRIIX rrOXOL(OB CRIIq.OB B IIepe):{HIOIO
A3HIO, BO BpeMH ROTOpbIX 3Ha TIlITeRbHbIe
MaCCbI RO'IeBHJIROB M36paJIlI MeCTOM 06If-
TaHllH CTerrM CeBepHoro KaBRa3a 21. Ho
caMO rrOHBReHMe B VII B. L(O H. a. BOlIH-
CTBe .HbIX HOMaL(OB B ceBeporrplI'IepHOMOp-
CRllX CTerrHX, Ha TeppMTopllHX, rpaHM'la-
.. nrllX C JIeCOCTerrblO, He MorJIO rrpOHTU 6ec-
. CJIeL(HO ):(JIH ee 3eMJIe):{eJIb'IeCRoro Hace-
JIeHJIH. B ROHe VII - rrepBoH rrOJIOBllHe
VI B. J]:O H. a. B paHoHax RaR 6JIll3RMX R
rrOrpaHll'IblO JIeCOCTerrM II CTerrll, TaR M
60Ree oTL(aReHHbIx, coopyiKaeTcH pH):{
RpyrrHbIx, XOpOllIO 3anrllnreHHblx ropo-
l\llIIJ; *, IfMeBllIUX B rrepBYIO O'IepeAb 060-
* Eme B qepIIOJIeCCIWe BpeMJI B IOmHon:
'laCTII npaBooepemHon: JIeCOCTerrH, a rr03AHee
H B pyrHx ee pauoHax B03HHRaIOT YRperrJIeH,
Hble ropOAHma AmI samHTbI OT CTerrHHROB
(TepeliO:JICKUIi A. lJ. TIpeACI'Hq,cRHll: rrepHoA Ha
;:(HerrpoBclwM JIeCOCTerrHOM TIpaBo6epembe.-
KHeB, 1961.- C. 13, 40).
pOHIITeJIbHYIO q.y HRn; 1110 , B 'IaCTHOCTH
EeJIbCROe (IlOBOpCRJIbe), TpaxTeMlIpoB-
CRoe (llopocbe) , ITacTepcRoe (6acceHH
p. THCMIIH), HeMllpoBcRoe (IT06ymbe).
B my6llHHbIx, nepll<pepllHHbI1C paHoHax
JIeCOCTerrlI cTpOlITeJIbCTBO rOpoAllIIJ; B aTOT
rrepllOA He BeAeTCH.
CIITyan;IIH ll3MeHHeTCH BO BTOPOH UO-
JIOBIIHe - ROHn;e VI B. AO H. a. HMeHHo
B aTOT rreplloJ]: rrpollcxoAllT rrOBceMeCTHoe
OCBoeHlIe npH'IepHOMOpCRIIX CTerreH RO'Ie-
BbIMll cRM<paMM M uepeMenreHlle n;eHTpa
CRH<plllI ll3 CT&rreH CeBepHoro KaBRa3a B
ITOL(HeUpOBbe 22. B pe3YJIbTa Te aTllX CO-
6bITllH RO'IeBHlIlm, J]:O aToro AOCTlIraBllIJIe
JIeCOCTerrHOH 30HbI aUH30L(lI'IeCRll, rrpll-
6JIll3HRllCb R rpaIIlln;aM JIeCOCTemI BrrJIOT-
HYIO. Yrp03a Co CTOpOHbI BOllHCTBeHHoro
RO'IeBoro MMpa, 3aImlO'IaBllIaH B ce6e Be-
pOHTHOCTb rrpOHllRrrOBeHllH RO'IeBHlIROB
He TOJIbRO Ha TeppIITopIfIO, rrorpaHWIHYIO
co CTerrblO, HO If B nepmpeplIHHbIe paiioHbI
JIeCOCTeUlI, HBUJIaCb, Ha nallI B3r.TIHA,
MOnrHbIM TOR'lROM R coopymeHlllO B JIOCO-
CTeUll n;eJIoro pHL(a IIOBbIX XOpOllIO yRperr-
JIeHHbIX ropO):{Hnr. HMeHHO B aTMX YCJIO-
BIIHX rrOHBJIHIOTCH ropO):{Mnra Ha KlIeB-
nrIfHe.
rpyrrrra ropoL(lIIIJ;, BpeMH coopymeH1IH
ROTOpbIX BTopaH rrOJIOBllHa MmI ROHCI
VI B. L(O H. a., B03mmaeT B 6acceHHe
p. THCMHH: MaTpoHlIHcRoe. llIaprrOBcRoe,
MaReeBcRoe, Ey)'{a-MaRceBcRoe 23. 8TllM
me BpeMeHeM ):{aTMpyeTcH B03HlIRHOBeHIIe
I:\eJIoro pHJ(a ropo):{llnr Ha JI eB06epeiKbe -
B IToBopCKJIbe. IIocYJIbe, 6acceirHe CeBep-
CRoro JJ.OHa 24. IIo MHeHMIO IICCReJ(OBa-
TeJIeM:, M3YTlaBllIHX rraMHTHlIKM JIeCOCTerrlI,
o):{Hon lI3 rrpM'IllH rrOHBReHllH 3):{eCb ro-
pO):{llIIJ; B VI B. L(O H. a. HBJIHeTCH YCllJIe-
JIlle Ha TlICRa CTerrHHROB 25. ECTb OCHO-
BaHlIH rrOJIaraTb, 'ITO CllHxpOHHoe B03Be-
):{eHJIe 60JIbllIoro RORll'IeCTBa ropO):{llIIJ; RaR
Ha IIpaB06epeiKJ,e, TaR II Ha JIeB06epeiKbe
B VI B. AO H. a. HBJIHeTCH eJ]:IfHbIM rrpo-
n;eCCOM, OXBaTllBllIllM TeppllTOplllO yRpa-
MHCROM: ReCOCTerrll, II BM):{eTb B HeM
OTBeTHYIO peaRMIO pa3JIM'lHbIX 3eMJIe-
J]:eJIb'IeCRIIX rrJIeMeH Ha U3MeHMBllIYlOCH
rrOJIllTlI'IecRylO cllTyan;lllO B CTerrHX Ce-
BepHoro ITpll'IepHOMopbH.
I mpaM.KO B. A. ApXaHqeCI\aJI RepaMHRa
BOCToqHOrO YRperrJIeHHH BeJIbCROrO ropOAHma
H np06JIeMa rrpoHcxomAeHHH ero 06HTaTeJIen II
ACf8.- 1983.- BbIII. 23.- PHC, 1, 2-3, 4, 6,
12-13, 14-15.-- C. 75.
39

2 MeJtbltUKOeCKaR O. H. ITJIeMerra IOmHoii
BeJIOpYCCHH B paIIHeM meJIe3HOM BeI,e.- M.,
1967.- PIIC. 8, 1, 7-10, 2, 6, pHC. 44, 1, 3, 6,
10.- C. 22.
3 IIol>poecbKa 6. (/>. XOTiBcbKe ropoJl,nm;e II
AIT.- 1952,- T. 4. Ta6JI. II, 1.
4 TaM me.- Ta6JI. 11, 9.
5 (/>a6pilfiyc 1, THCMHHcbKa eI,crreAHniH II
AIT.- 1949.- T. 2. Ta6JI. I, II; Koenalien-
KO r. T. KypraIIH II06JIH3Y c. Ma'lyxH Ha TIOJI-
TaBIQHIIi II ApXeOJIoriH.- 1970.- T. 24,- PilC. 7,
10.- C. 168.
6 TepenoJ/CKili O. 1. Kyprarr 6iJIH c. fJIeBa-
xa II ApxeoJIoriH.- 1954.- T. 9.- C. 93. PHC. 14;
nOKpOeCiiaR E. (/>. TIpe)lCHH.pcKoe rroce.leIIHe
y c. lKa60THH II CA.- 1973.- oM 4.- C. 184;
Pnc. 9, 6.- C, 185.
7 nOKpOliOWR E. (/>. TIpe):(CKH.pCKoe rroce.'Ie-
Hlle..,- C. 185.
II itJeJtlOlw8a A. /1. CI;H.pHH il q,paKniicKnii
MHp.- M., 1979.- C. 81.
9 KoenalieliKO r. T. KypraHbl pamleCKII.p-
Clwro npCMCHH B 6acceHrre p. POCb.- KHeB,
1981.- PHC. 53. 7.- C. 88.
10 illpaMKo B. A. ApXeOJIOrHH parrHero me-
JIe3IIOrO lllJKa I3oCTO'lIIOll EBporrbl.- XapbKOB,
1983.- Ta6JI. 13, 5-6.- C. 31, 87.
II IJtJtincbKa B. A, fopoAHm;e cld.pcblwro
'lacy IIa p. CeiiMi II ApXeOJlOriH.- 1953.- T 8.-
C. 1Hi; Ta6JI. II, 7, 8.- C. 117-118; mpaM-
KO B. A. [[oCeJlerrHH cKi.pcbKoro 'lacy 6iJIH
cTaIfui'i IIIuBKona II ApXeOJIoriH.- 1964.-
T. 16.- C. 182; Pnc, 11, 19, 20.
12 neTpOeCKaR E. A. 0 pa60Tax TIo)lrop-
IIeBcKo-XO)lOCoBcKoro OTpH)la ApXeOJIOrH'IecKo-
1'0 MY3eH All YCCP II AO B 1976 r.- M.,
1977.- C. 354.
13 /JuripOeCbl>a 6. (/>. XOTiBcbKe ropo)lnm;e.-

B IV KHMre «lIcTOpHJI» repoJ]:oTa L(BaiK-
J]:hI ynoMIlHaeTCH aMnopIlif l{peMHbl, pac-
nOJIomen Hblii ua cellepO-3anaL(HOM n06e-
peiKbe MeoTIIJ]:bJ. IIeplloe ynoMHHaHHe
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TY CTOPOHY reppa (T. e. K BOCTOI;Y OT
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(TaM) 06UTalOT CKH<pbJ CaMbJe Xpa6pbJe
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TaJf'lT J]:pyrHx CKH<pOB CBOIIMH pa6aMH.
,IJ;OXOJ]:HT OHH Ha lOre J]:O TaBpHKH, a Ha
BOCTOKe HMe!IHO J]:O TOro pBa, KOTOphIH
BblpbJJIH CbIHOBbH CJIerrbIX, H L(O raBaHH
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40
C. 12; neTpOeCKaR E. A. OT'leT 0 pacKorrKax II
pa3BcAI,ax naMHTIIIIIWB paIIIIero mCJIe3IIorO Be-
I,a rra TeppHToplIH KIIeBcKoii 06JIaCTil B
1976 1'.11 HA I1A AH YCCP.- 1976/127.- C. 3.
14 ApxeoJto!R YI{pa'iIIcblw'i PCP.- K. :
Hay!\. AYMI\a, 1971.- T. 2.- C. 77; Mopy:w:eli-
IW A. A. 060pOHHTeJIbHbIe coopymeIlHH ropo-
AHIIJ IIoBopcI\JIbH B CKH.pCI;YIO arroxy II CliH.p-
CI\HH MHp.- KHeB, 1975.- C. 134, 141.
. 15 MopYJ/CeliKo A. A. 060pOIIHTeJIbIIble CO-
opymerrHH...- C. 34, 137-138.
16 illpaMKO B. A. ,D:peBIIocTH CeBepCKoro
,D:orrIIa.- XapbKoB, 1962.- C. 188.
17 MeJtbliUKoeCKaR O. H. TIJleMerra IOmIIoii
EeJIOpYCCHH...- C. 69-76; PbL6aK06 B. A. fe-
pOAOTOBa CKH.pIIH.- M., 1979.- C. 48.
18 MeJtbmtKoJeCKaR O. H. IIJIeMerra IOmHOH
EeJIOPYCCHH...- C, 8, 26-27.
19 l1J!bulicKaR B. A., TepelioJ/Cl;un A. H.
CI\H.pHH VII-IV BB. ):(0 H. a.- K., 1983.-
C. 276.
20 Myp3un B. 10. CKu.pCI\aH apxaHKa Ce-
BepHoro ITpH'IeprrOMopbH.- KHeB.- 1984.-
C.98.
21 TaM me.- C. 96.
22 TaM me.- C. 100-101.
23 (/>a6pilfiyc I. B. THCMHHcbKa eI{Crre,r(lI-
IIiH II ATI.- 1949.- T. 2.- C. 80-82; Ee 11\:8.
THcMHrrcbKa eKcrre):(HIIiH 1947 p.11 AIT.- 1952.-
T. 4.- C, 21-33.
24 IJtJtilicbKa B. A. BaciBCbI\e ropo):(HlIIe II
ApxeoJIoriH.- 1965.- T. 18.- C. 73-74; Mopy-
J/CeIiKO A. A. 060pOrrHTeJIbIIble coopymeHHH...-
C. 144.
25 MopYJ/Celilw A. A. 060pOHHTeJIbHbIe CO-
opymeHHH... -C. 144; nerpelil;O B. r. IIpaBo-
6epembe Cpe):(rrero TIpH):(IIerrpoBbH B V-III BB.
):(0 H. a.11 CA11.- 1967.- A1-4.- M.- C, 52.
10. B. BO.ltTPU/'i" E. E. (/Jua.lt/'i,O
H BOIIPOCY 0 JIOHAJIH3All,HH
r ABAHH HPEMHbI
IIPII <PepMO)WHTe, OTnJIbJJIlI, Be3H Ha Tpex
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MOrJIII B3HTb B nJIeH, a Te nepe6HJIII MY-
iKeH, Harrall B Mope. C Kopa6JIm.m iRe
OBII He 6bJJIH 3HaKOlbI, He 3HaJIll, 1,aK
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1- <P BecToepry, II - T. Eaitepy. )],. PeHHemo, B. B. JIaTbllUeny: III - <P. K BpYHY, C. M. CepejJ.oHHHY.
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41

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110 J]:aHHbIM rroJ]:BoJ]:Ho-apXeOJIOfM1JeCRO-
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CTBOM B. H. rpaRoBa, B YCTbe p. hopcaK
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p:aTMpyeMbIH V B. J]:O H. a. 61
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45

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Pne. 5. YqaCTOI{ n06epembR 06UTOQHOrO 3aJIHBa no JIOHH' 1833 r. E. M. MaHraHapH.
C1\oro 03Ha'iaeT «1\PY'lH». .KJIH<p<p K 3ana-
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HYAaTHBHbIX oCTaHu,OB, CaMbJII BbJC01\HII
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46
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BblpaiKeHHoro 6e3bIMHHHOro MbIca. 3TOT
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peHHOro 6epera, Y1\a3bIBa1OT Ha )'{peBHOCTb
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MbICJIb 0 npaBOMO'IHOCTH JI01\aJIH3au,IIH
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J]:aHHOM MeCTe, TeM 60JIee, nOJ]:'lepKHBaeM
CIIJ;e pa3, aTO MeCTO Ha n06epeiKbe YHH-
KaJIbHO.
Bce BbIllIeH3JIOiKeHHble aprYMeHTbJ 1'0-
BOpHT B nOJIb3Y BbIJ]:BHHYToro aBTopaMH
Te3Hca, 'ITO RpeMHbJ CJIeJ]:YeT JI01\aJIM30-
BaTb B paifOHe cOBpeMeHHoro c. BOTlIeBo,
paCnOJIOiKeHHoro B YCTbe p. RopcaK.
1 3eCb II aJIee I\lITlIpyeM no: jJoea-
ryp A. 11., [{a,/1,,/1,UCTOe jJ. II., illuutOea Il. A.
HapoAbI Harnell. CTpaHbI B «11CTopHlI» fepoAo-
Ta.- M., HaYRa, 1982. -
2 ABe B3alIMOAOnOJIHRIOlIe nOA60pRlI JIlI-
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6 Minns E. Scythians and Greeks.- Cam-
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8 JK e6e,/1,ee C. A. CImq,CInIii paCCKa3 fepo-
AOTa II iKe6eJIeB C. A. CeBepHoe IIplHepHo-
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21 Bpayl/. ([I. A. P03blCKaHHH B 06JIaCTH 1'0-
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22 Bopucoe B. KapTa CapMaTHH - HblHem-
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27 TaM me.
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41 Pbt6aKoe B. A. YKa3. COq.- C. 58-59.
42 BJIarOAapHM 3a KOHCYJIbT3nHIo,
M. B. CKpmIIHCKYIO: CM. TaKme: AI/,oxil/, B. U.
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44 TIOJIb3yeMcH «Ta6JIHneii paccToHHHH no.
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SpaYIi ([I. A. YKa3. COq.- C. 361. 0 BeJIHqUHe
CTaAHH CM.: gepl/.eliKO E. B. lIoxo)I AaplIH B'
CImq,HIO II ,[J:peBHocTH cTenIIon CImcpHH.- 1\.,
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45 Bonpoc OTomAeCTBJIeHHH YIlOMHHYTOii: y
repOAOTa p. repp' OCTaeTCH crropUbIIII; rro)'l rrTO-
JIeMeeBblM feppocolll rrOqTH Bce HCCJIelIOBaTeJIH
nOIlHMaJIH p. MOJIOquyIO. Ha PYCCI(HX I,apTax
npomJIoro BeRa p. feppoc cooTBeTcTByeT p. Mo-
JIOqHoll.. CM. nanp. yrrolllHHYTYIO BblIIle ImpTY
BopHCOBa, a TaHme «KapTY rrOJIYOCTpOBa TaIl-
pHqeCROrO H OKOJIO JIemamHX MeCT» [l(HB All
YCCP.- 11UB. .M 13847]; rpaKoe B. M. Cl,i-
q,H.- 1\., 1947.- PHC. 1.- C. 8; ApxeoJIori
YKpalHcbKoi PCP.- T. 2, KapTa 3.
46 BpaYIi ([I. A. YKaa. Coq.- C. 238.
47 OTpOUfel/.KO B. B., BO,/1,TPUK 10. B. KYJIb
Typno-XpOIIOJIOrHqeCIWe H TeppliTOpliaJlbrrOe
paCnpClIeJIeUHe MOnlJIbHIiI\OB ,[J:Ilerrpo- MOJIoqau-
CKOH cTennoll. 06JIaCTlI II MaTepli3JJbI no X;ffiIIO-
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nOIiO'leelibtU M. O. feorpaq,HqeCRHii: OqepN
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50 PocToelfee M. 11. ClmcpHH H Bocnop.- JI.,
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BYXTbl 6JIH3 Xepc(meca II KC11A.- 1975.-
BblIl. 143.- C. 109.
52 Be,/1,UUlCKUU ([I. ([I. BblT rpeIWB H pHM-
JIHH.- IIpara, 1878.- C. 615; Atlas zu Kruso
HeIlas.- Halle, 1825.- PI. 3.
53 Pa3Be)IKoii: IIplIa30BCKoii aI,cnelIliLlIIII
1983 r. YCTaHOBJIeHO, qTO 3arral\HaH Aopora aa-
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JIaCTb.- 1\., 1970.- C. 614, lIa MeCTe c. BOTlIe-
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55 3eIiKOeU'l B. II. Bepera qepHoro H A30B"
CIwro },lOpei1.- M., 1958.- C. 165.
56 Bf(lI.- 1947.- M 2.- C. 324.
57 Tax me.- M 4.- C. 186.
47

58 06MeJteliUe A30BCIwro MOpH II npJIJI. J\
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48
62 ITo AaHHblM pa3BeAI\H, npOBenenHoii
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49

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Auerrpe II M11A.- 1954,-.M 30.- C. 32.
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rrHH II RC1111MK- 1947.- BbIII. 21.- C. 73-74;
rpaK06 B. H. nHTeHuoe H KY3HeQHOe peMeCJIO
Y CKH<PO B II RC1111MK- 1947.- Bblrr. 22.-
C, 38-47; Ero me. a pa60Te CTennoii CKH<P-
CIWH ::IKCrreAHHH II RC1111MK- 1951.- BbIII.
36.- C. 131-136.
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Auerrpe
4 TaM me.- C. 115.
5 rpaK06 B, H. nHTell.Hoe H KY3HeqHOe pe-
MeCJIO Y CI\H<pOB,- C, 45.
6 rpaK06 B. H. RaMeHCI,oe ropOAHIIe ua
AHerrpe.- C. 194, 212, 229.
7 TaM me.- C. 187.
8 TaM me.- Ta6JI. XVII, 7.- C. 205.
9 TaM me.- Ta6JI. XVI, 1-11.- C. 205.
10 TaM me.- C. 115.
II TaM me.- C. 188.
12 TaM me.- C. 125.
13 g epliblX E. H. ApeBuHH MeTaJIJIo06pa60T-
Ra ua IOro-3arraAe CCCP.- M., 1976.- C, 17.
I4 Buoau.Ml B. n., H eoonaKo p. n., O.A,be06-
CKUU C. H. a pa60Te HCTOpHKO-TeXHHQeCROH
::IKcrreAHHH B 1981 r.11 HA 11A AH ¥CCP.-
1981/12,  995.
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AHerrpe.- C. 63.
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17 TaM me.- C, 61.

18 TaM me,- C. 62,
19 TaM me.- C. 122.
20 TaM me.- C. 45.
21 lJI,paMKO B. A. BOCTOqHOe YKperrJIe.HHe
BeJlbCKoro ropOAHa II CKHq,CKHe ApeBHOCTH.-
RHeB, 1973.- C. 111.
22 TaM me.- C. 111.
23 TaM me.- C. 111.
2. rpaKOB B. H. RaMenCKoe ropOAHe Ha
Anerrpe.- C. 55, 56.
25 TaM me.- C. 230.
26 TaM me. - C. 123.
27 TaM me.- C. 124.
28 TaM me.- C. 195.
29 ([JYP.l!aIiCbKa A. I. JIHBapHi q,OpMH 3 P03-
KorrOK OJIbBill1 AII YPCP.- 1\., 1958.- T. 7.-
C. 40.
30 JIanul/, B. B. fpeqeCKaH KOJIOHH3aHH Ce-
BepHoro IIpHqepnOMOpbH,- RHeB, 1966.- C. 137.
31 Py6al/, B. B. JIHTell.naH q,opMa C rrOceJIe-
HHH R03bIpKa - XV II CA.- 1979.- oM 3.-
C. 249.
32 mpa.l!KO B. A. HOBbIe naxoAKH na EeJIb-
CKOM ropOAHe H HeKOTopble BorrpocbI <pOPMH-
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JIH 1/ CKHq,0-cH6HpcKHll. 3BepHHbIll. CTHJIb B
HCKYCCTBe HapoAoB EBpa3HH.- M., 1976.-
C. 196.
33 mpaMKO B. A. HOBi Aani rrpo rocrroAap-
CTBO cKiq,cbI\01 errOXH II BicH. XapK. YH-TY.-
1966.- oM 17: Cep. iCT.- BHrr. 1.- C. 79.
:w neTpel/,KO B. r. IIpaB06epembe CpeAHero
IToAHcrrpoBbH B V-III BB. AO H. a.11 CAH.-
1967.- BHrr. A1-4.- C. 11.
35 MOPYJICel/,KO A. A. CI\Hq,CKaH aKcrreAH.
IJ,HB 1/ AO 1971 1'.- M., 1972.- C. 332,
B HCTOpHH CKH<pHH BbI,[IeJIHeTCH HeCKOJI:b-
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CeBepHoro ITpH'JepHOMOpbH, T. e. paHoHa
6YJ]:YIIJ;ero eHTpa CKH<pHH, r,[le rraMHTHH-
KH apXaH'IeCKHX CKH<POB KpaHHe MaJIO-
'IHCJIeHHbJ.
O,[lHOH H3 06JIaCTeH 3Ha'IHTeJIbHOrO co-
Cpe,[lOTO'IeHHH CKH<pCKHX rraMHTHHKOB
JIBJIHCTCH CeBepHbJH KaBKa3. ITOMHMO
TIpHKy6aHbH, OHH H3BeCTH:bJ H B 60JIee
BOCTO'IHbJX paHoHax perHoHa - QeHTpa-
RbHOM ITpeJ]:KaBKa3be H CeBepo-BoCTO'l-
36 mpa.l!KO B. A. BOCTOqIIOe yr<perrJIenH9
BeJIbCKOrO ropoJ\lI!J1a.- PHC. 4.- C. 89.
37 TaM me.- C. 89.
38 rpaKOB B. H. RaMeHCKoe ropOAHe Ha
Anerrpe.- C. 123.
39 Tepel/,OJICKUI/, A. 11. IIpeACI\Hq,CKHll. rrepH-
0A Ha )];HerrpOBCKOM TIpaB06epembe.- RHeB,
1961.- PHC. 77, 78.- C. 111.
.0 fepoJ\oT, IV, 18.
.1 ?cTpoBepxoB A. C. 06p06Ha KOJIbOpOBHX
MeTaJIlB na anTHqHHX rrOCI1JIeHHHX II ApxeoJI()-
riH,-1981.- oM 36.- C. 26.- PHC. 4-7.
.2 Map'lel/,KO R. R. MOAeJIb rpeqeCKOH 1\0-
JIOnH3aHH HHmHero II06ymbH II B)];11.-
1980.- oM 1.- C. 135
.3 Ol/,aUKO H. A. AHTHqHbIH HMIIOpT B IIpH-
AHerrpOBbe H II06ymbe B VII-II BB. AO H. a.l/
CAI1.-1966.- BbIII. A1-27.- PHC. 4--7.-
C. 42-45.
.. ral/,ilia O. /1,. AnTHqni 6pOH3H 3 ma-
noro.- R., 1970.- C. 95.
.s fepoAoT, IV, 136.
.s BOJtTpUK 10. B. 06 OAnOM H3 BepOflTnwx
ToprOBblX TpaHTOB CHHq,HH II AKTyaJI. rrp06Jl.
apxeOJI. HCCJIeA. B YCCP.- RHeB, 1981.-
C. 59-60.
.7 rpaK08 B. H. RaMeHCHoe ropOAHe na
AHerrpe.- C. 58.
.8 mUJtUK R. R. TpaHcrropTHbJe rrYTH aH-
THqnOrO CeBepnoro IIpHqepnOMOpbH II MaTepHa-
JIbl II BcecoI03. CHMrr03. rro ApeB. HCT. IIpH-
qepnOMopbH.- T611JIHCH, 1979.- C. 87.
.9 rpaK08 B. H. RaMeHCHOP ropOAHe Ha
Anerrpe.- C. 122-123.
C. B. MaXOpTb1,X
HOBbIE ):(AHHbIE 0 CKH<I>O-
KABKA3CKHX KOHTAKTAX
HOM KaBKa3e, HBJIHHC:b Ha,[leiKH:bJM OCHO-
BaHHeM ,[IJIH YTO'IHeHHH BpeMeHH H xapaK-
Tepa rrpe6bIBaHHH CKH<pOB Ha KaBKa3e.
eHTeJIbHOCTb Ha HCTOpH'IeCKOH apeHe
IIpe,[lKaBKa3bH HpaHOH3b1'IHbJX rrJIeMeH-
HbJX rpyrrrr BHeMa orrpe,[leJIeHHbJe KOp-
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I'JIy6HHe H COL(epmaHHIO B03,[1eHCTBH0 HO-
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H3BeCTHO, HOBbln: THrr opymIIII BCer1);a
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B rraMHTHH1\aX VII - HaTJ:aJIa VI B. }]:O
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C rrOHCOM (pHC. 1, 43, 46).
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TpeBoiKeHHoro 1\ypraHHoro rrorpe6eHHH
rro}]: r. MaJIr06eRoM. TpH HaROHeTJ:HH1\a
H3 KOCTH BbITHHYTOH <POpM:bI HMeIOT BTYJI-
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11). cDopMa iKeJIe3Horo HaKOHe'IHHKa He-
'orrpe}]:CJIHMa (pHC. 2, 8). 113 15 6pOH30-
II])rX HaKOHeTJ:HM1\OB, rrpe)'{CTaBJIeHHbIX
, TpeXJIOnaCTHbIMH H TpexrpaHHbIMH 06pa3-
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, rraCTeH no}]: OCTpbIM HJIH rrpHMbIM ymoM
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RO Y O,lIHoro HaROHeTJ:HHRa (c TpeyrOJIb-
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KH (pHC. 2, 12). 110 KJIaCcH<pHKan;HII
A. 11. MeJIIOROBOH, OH MOiKeT 6bITb )'{aTH-
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paCKpLJBaeT rJIy6HHY M cBoe06pa3He CKH-
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CKH<p0-K06aHCKMX) KOHTaKTOB, KOTOpbJe
He npeKpaTHJIHCb C OKOH'IaHMeM anOXM
nepe}]:Hea3MaTCKHX nOXO}]:OB, a npOlI.oJIma-
JIH pa3BHBaTbCH H }]:aJIbme, B VI-IV BB.
lI.0 H. a.
I ITpIIHomy CepAeqHYro 6JIarOAapHocTb Ha-
qaJIbHlIKY <JI\crreAlIUlIlI B. B. BlIIIOrpaAoBY aa
B03MomHOCTb rry6,uHI\aulIlI BbIHBJIeHHbIX MaTe-
plIaJIOB.
2 lluorpoecKuu B. B. BaHCIwe UapCTBO
(YpapTY).- M" 1959.- C. 240; !,1,,1,inCbKa B, A.
BpOII30Bi HaKOHeqIIlIIm CTpiJI TaK 3BaIIoro ma-
60TIIHcbKoro i HOBOqepKaCbKoro TlmiB II Ap-
xeOJIOriH,- 1973,-.No 12,- PlIc. 2-3. C. 16-
23; A 6pa.Moea M. n. n orpe6eHlIH Clmq,cKoro
BpeMeHH IJ;eHTpaJIbIIOrO ITpeAKaBKaabH II CA.-
1974.-.No 2.- PIIC, 3, 19.- C. 201.
3 MeA,/QKoea A. 11. BoopymeHlIe clmtVOB II
CA11.- 1964.- A1-4.- C. 21.
4 Bunozpaaoe B. B., Pynu'l A. n. HOBblC
AaHHble IIO apxeoJIorlIlI CeBepHoro KaBKa3a II
A8C-3.- fpOaHbIB:, 1969.- C. 134.- PIIC. 14,
25-26,
5 H,1,bUnc,;a.a B. A. CKIIq,bI AHerrpOBC!WrO
JIeCOCTeilIIoro JIeB06epembH,- KlIeB, 1968.-
Ta6JI. 27, 11-12, 39, 9.- C. 94; l1J!b}!n-
CKa.a B. A, PaIIHecKlIcPcIme KypraIIbI 6accellHa
p. THCMlIII.- KlIeB, 1975.- C. 106; !lerpeli-
KO B. r. llpaB06epembe CpeAlIerO TIplIIIe-
IIpOBbH B V-III BB, AO H,::I, II CA11,- 1967.-
A 1-4,- C. 45; Kpynlioe E, 11.- YI,a3. COq.-
plIC, 48, 3; Bunozpaaoe B, B. IJ;eIITpaJIbHbIll. 1I
CeBepo-BoCTOQHblii KaBI\a3 B CKlI(pCKOe Bpe-
MH.- fP03IIbIll, 1979.- PlIc. 19, 8i 21; 26, ;
Bunozpaaoe B. B. HOBorp03IIeIICKlIli Iw6aHclmH
MOrIIJIbHIII\ VI- V BB, AO H. ::1.11 AITQI1.- fpoa-
HbIll., 1979.- PlIc. 1, 26-27; 2, 3, 8.
6 C.Mupnoe K. $. BoopymeUlIe caBpOMa-
TOB,- M., 1961.- C. 49, 69.
1 MeJ!IOKoea A. 11. YKa3. COq.- C. 21.
8 MapKoeun B. 11. CKHq,Clme KypraHH Y
C. fOllTbI II CA.- 1965.-.No 2,- PlIc. 4.- C, 163;
Bunozpaaoe B. B., Pynu'l A. n. YI,a3. COQ.-
PHC. 7-9.- C. 127; Bunozpaaoe B. B. IeHT-
paJIbIIbIll. 1I CeBepo- BOCTOqHbIB: KaBI\a3.-
PlIc. 3, 13-14.- C, 319 1I IJ;p.
9 rpaKoe B. H. KaMeHClwe rOpOAlIm;e Ha
Anerrpe II M11A.- 1954,- BbIII, 36.- C, 130.
10 C.Mupnoe K. rJ>. YKa3. COq.- C. 69; 3acelf-
na.a 11. n, CaBpmfaTcKoe rrorpe6eHlIe y c. HII-
KOJIbCKOe B H lImHeM IToBOJImbe II CI\1IcPbI 1I ca p-
MaTbI,- KlIeB, 1977.- C. 218.
II MeJ!IOKoea A, 11. YKa3. COQ.- Ta6JI. V.-
C. 19; C.Mupnoe K. rJ>. YI\a3, COq.- Ta6JI. IV.-
C. 52; TepenO:JICKUn A. 11., l1J!buncKa.a B. A.,
g epnenKO E. B., MoaO,1,eeCKUU B. H. CKlIcPcKlIe
KypraHbI HlIKOrrOJIbm;lIHbI II CKlIcPcKlIe IJ;peB-
HOCTlI.- KlIeB, 1973,- PlIc. 48, 2 H AP.-
C. 173.
12 MeA,/QKoea A. If. YKaa. COq.- C. 47; Te-
penO:JICKUIi A, If. KlIMMeplIll.cKHe MeqlI 1I KIIH-
61

maJIbll1 Cmlq,CKlIH MlIp.- KlIeB, 1975.-
PlIc. 21.- C. 29; Clotuplioe K. (/). BoopymeHlIe
caBpoMaToB.- C. 10.
13 MeJ!IOKOea A. 11. YI<a3. COq.- C. 60;
Clotuplioe K. (/). YHa3. COTf.- C. 17.
14 CaMOKeaCOe /1,. H. MOrlIJIbl PYCCIWH 3eM-
JIlI.- M., 1908.- AJII,60M, 161; Kpynlioe E. 11.
YI<a3. COq.- C. 482; BUliozpaaoe B. B. IJ;eHT-
paJILlIblii 1I CeB,po-BoCTOqHLIll. KaBKa3...-
C. 335 II AP.
15 MeJ!IOKoea A. 11. YI<a3. COq.- C. 55.
16 Clotplioe K, (/). YKa3. COq,- C. 19.
17 3alotRTUIi C, H, OTQeT 0 pa60Tax Ha CTpOlI-
TCJILCTBe canaTopliH KCY B KIICJIOBO!(CKe II
ApXCOJIOrlIqeCKlIe pa60Tbl Ha HOBocTpoll.Kax B
1932-1933 1'1'.- 1.- M.; JI., 1935.- PlIc. 200,
3.- C. 216; MAK.- 8.- M., 1900.- Ta6JI. 77, 3;
BUliozpaiJoe B. B. HOBorp03HeIlclmll. MOrlIJIL-
IllIK...- PIIC. 1, 17.- C. 26.
18 MeJ!IOKoea A. 11. YKa3. COq.- C, 50; neT-
penKO B. r. YI<a3. COq.- C. 42.- Ta6JI. 33, 1;
Clotupnoe K. (/). YKa3. COTf.- C. 12-15; ra.lta-
nuna J1. K. CKlIcPcKlIe ApeBHOCTlI IIoAHeIlpo-
BLJI /1 CA11.- 1977,- A 1-33.- C. 37,
19 Kpynnoe E. 11. YI<a3. COq,- PlIc. 47.-
C. 281; Bunozpaaoe B, B. IJ;eHTpa;ILHLIll. II Ce-
Bepo-BoCTOqIILIll. KaBI<a3...- PlIc. 44, 1.- C. 360.
20 Clotuplioe K. (/). YKa3. COq.- PIIC. 3,
3-4.- C. 103.
21 MYIi'taee P. M. ApXCOJIOrlIqeCKlIe paCHOIl-
HI'! B ACCI'!IlCHOM yeJILe B 1956 r. /1 113BeCTlIJI
Q11PKM.- 10.- fp03I1LIll., 1961.- C. 79; Hec-
cell. A, A, ApxeoJIOrl'!qCClme I1aMJITIlI'!KlI Ka6ap-
AIiHO-EaJIKaplIlIll M11A.- 1941.- BblIl. 3.- PlIc.
6, 1; Bunozpaaoe B. B. IJ;eHTpaJIbHLIll. 1I CeBe-
po-BoCToqHblll. KaBKa3...- C. 360, pliC. 44, 1,3,
22 Clotupnoe K. (/), YKa3, COq.- C. 14; Bu-
nozpaaoe B. B. K xapaKTCpliCTlIKe Iw6aIlclwro
BaplIaHTa B c1mcPoc1I61'!pCKOM 3BepilIloM CTlIJIe /1
ClmcPo-c1I61IpCKIiH 3BeplIULIH CTI'!JIL B lICI<YC-
CTBe lIapoAoB EBpa31I1I.- M., 1976,- Pl'!c. 1, 1.
23 Kp ynlioe E. JI. ApeBIlJIJI lICTOplIJI...-
C. 281.
24 Me.ltlOKOea A. 11. YKa3. COq.- C. 58;
Clotuplioe K. (/). YKa3. COq.- C. 22; mu-
J!oe B. n. YrnaKoBcKlIll. KypraH II CA.- 1966.-
.M 1.- C, 185 1I AP.
25 BUliozpaiJoe B, B. CapMaTbl CeBepo-Boc-
TOqHOrO KaBKa3a.- fP031ILIll., 1963.- C. 23-27;
,n:IT.- KlIeB, 1900.- BLIII, 3.- Ta6JI. 55,a;
CMupnoe K. (/). YKa3. COq.- C. 19.- PlIc. 3, 3.
26 BUli02paaoe B. B. IJ;cHTpaJILHLIll 1I CeBe-
PO-BOCTOqIlLIll. KaBKa3...- C. 361.- PIIC, 45, 1.
27 MYIi'taee p, M. JIyroBoH MOrlIJILHlIK.-
,n:Q11.- M., 1963,- C. 164,- PlIc. 9, 6; Buno-
zpaiJoe B. B. IJ;elITpaJILlIblll. H CeBepo-BoCTOq-
lIblH KaBKa3...- C. 229.
28 KoenalieliKo r, T. IIaMJITlIlIKlI CKlIcPCRO-
1'0 BpeMeIlI'! Ha BOpCKJIe.- KlIeB, 1967.- C. 87;
mpaMKO B. A. MeTaJIeBi 3lIapJIAAJI BlIp06nlI-
TBa JIiCOCTeIlOBoi CKicPii 1/ ITlITaHlIJI iCTopii
HapoAiB CPCP.- 1.- XapKiB, 1965.- C. 137;
Clotuplioe K. rJ>-; CaBpOMaTLI.- 1\1., 1964.-
C. 104; l1.1tbulicKaR B, A. CKlIcPLI AneIlpoBcKoro
JIeCOCTenHoro JIeB06cpemLJI...- C. 160.
29 A6palotUUleUJ!U P. M. ApxeOJIOrlIqeCKlIe
HCCJIeAOBaIllIJI lIa lIOBOCTpOll.Kax 60llbrnoro T61I-
JIlICH II ApXeOJIOrHqeCKHe HCCJIeAOBalIlIH Ha 1I0-
62
BOcTpoll.Kax fpY3HHCKOH CCP.- T6HJIlICH,
1976.- C. 27.- Ta6JI. 8.
30 BUliozpaaoe B. B. IJ;eHTpaJILHbln H CeBe-
PO-BOCTOqIlblll. KaBKa3...- C. 108; Myn'la-
ee p, M. JIyroBOll. MOI'lIJILHlIK.- C. 175.-
PHC. 23, 13; 27, 2.
31 MeJ!IOKoea A, 11. CI\IIcPlIJI 1I cPpaI\Hll.CKlIll.
MlIp.- M., 1979.- C. 199-200.
32 T exoe B. B. ClmcPlIJI 1I MaTeplIaJILHaJI
KYJILTypa IJ;eHTpaJILHOrO KaBI<a3a B VII-
V BB. AO H. <J. (I10 MaTeplIaJIaM TJIlIll.cKoro MO-
I'lIJILIllII<a) II CKlIcPliJI 1I KaBI<a3.- KlIeB, 1980.-
C. 260,- PlIC, 9, 3; 12, 7.
33 ApTalotOIWea-llo.ltTa,nt eea 0, A. KYJIbTypa
CeBepo-BoCTOqIIOrO KaBKa3a B ClmcPCKlIll. I1e-
PlIOA II CA.- M., 1950.-.M 14.- C. 52.- PlIc.
22, 2; BUliozpaaoe B, B. IJ;eHTpaJIbHblll. 1I CeBe-
po-BoCToqHLIll. KaBKa3...- C. 375.- PlIc. 59, 8
II AP.
34 Clotupnoe K. (/)" n eTpeliKo B. r. CaBpOMa-
Tbl ITOBOJIlliLJI 1I IOmHoro IT plIypaJILJI II CA11.
A 1-9.- !vI" 1963.- C. 19.- Ta6JI. 14, 15.
35 BUliozpaaoe B. B., /1,yaapee C. J1., Py-
IiU'l A. n. YKa3. COq.- C. 188.- PlIc. 4, 9;
TpanUl ]I.f, M, ITaMJITHlIIm KOJIXlIACKOll. 1I CKlIcP-
clwii IiYJILTYP B c. KYJIaHYPxBa.- CYXYMlI,
19G2.- C, 30,- Ta6JI. 8, 3.
36 EpoII30BLIe I1JIaCTIIHlm, HaIlOMlIIIaIOlIe
JIJIXOll.-MOXHCRIIC, 6blJIlI BCTpeqeHLI ua HOBO-
rp03HeHcliOM MOrlIJILHlIKC, HO TaM OHlI BblIlOJI-
HJIJIlI pOJIL HaKJIaAOI< lIa AepeBJIHHYIO I10CYAY
(BuliozpaiJoe B. B. HOBorp03HeHCKlIll. MOrlIJIL-
IllII{,..- C. 28.- PlIc. 1, 4),
37 g epneliKo E. B. CKlIcPClmll. Aocncx.-
KlIeB, 1968.- C. 58; Malilfeeu't A. n. MacTIO-
rlIIICKlIe l{ypraHbl no MaTeplIaJIaM 1I3 c06pamUl
focYAapcTBeuHoro 8pMlITama II AC.- JI., 1973,-
C. 34.- PlIc. 9, 6-a.
38 l1eccen A. A. K BOIlPOCY 0 naMHTHlIKaX
VII I-VII BB. AO H.::I. Ha IOre EBponencRoll.
qaCT1I CCCP II CA.- 1953.-.M 18.- C. 81;
Clotupnoe K, (/). BooPymeHlIe caBpoMaToB.-
C.82.
39 l1.1tbuncKaR B. A. CI\1IcPbl AHenpOBCIWro
JIeCOCTeIlHOrO JIeB06epemLJI.- C. 110.
40 Kp ynlioe E. 11. YKa3. COq.- C. 265; Bu-
nozpaiJoe B. B. IJ;eIITpaJILHblll. H CeBepo-Boc-
TOqHLIii: KaBKa3...- C. 211,
41 ,n:IT.- KlIeB, 1899.- BblIl. 2,- Ta6JI, 18,
318; l1.1tbulicKaR B, A. YKa3. COq.- C. 114.
42 Bunozpaaoe B. B. IJ;eHTpaJILHLIll. 1I CeBe-
pO-BOCTOqHLIII KaBKa3...- C, 130.
43 Clotuplioe K, (/)., n eTpeliKo B. r. YI\a3.
COTf.- C. 29.- Ta6JI. 16,
44 <tIOT01I306pamCHlIJI 1I plICYHKlI CM.: n eT-
penKo B, A. PaCI\OnKlI 1I pa3BeAKlI naMJITHlI-
ROB paHHemeJIe3HOrO BeHa B QeqeIlo-11Hryrne-
T1I1I II AO.- 1977.- M., 1978.- C. 136; BUliozpa-
aoe B, B. 30mwPcPHble (<IIpeBpaCHlIJI» B
lICKyccTBe ApeBIIlIX ropeB II ITplIpOAa.- 1979.-
.M 2,- C. 119.
45 HKoeeliKo 9. B, KJIblKII C, 300MOPcPHLIMil
1I306pameHlIHMlI II CA.- 1969.-.M 4 1I AP.
46 BUliozpaaoe B. B, CapMaTbl CeBcpo-Boc-
TO'fHOrO KaBKa3a.- PlIc. 7, 3; BUliozpaaoe B. B.
HOBLIe HaXOAKlI npeAMeToB CKlIcPO-CII6IIpCIWrO
3BeplIHorO CTlIJIJI B qeqeHo-MHryrneTlIH II CA.-
1970,-.M 3.- C. 263.

B 1978 r. nplI npOBe}]:eHIIII Tonorpalf>lI'Ie-
CKOH C'heMKII oCTaHn;OB. 3HaMeHlIToro
CKH<pcKoro KypraHa qepTOMJIbIK, IICMe-
}]:OBaHHoro n. E. 3a6eJIlIHbIM B 1862-
1863 rr., cpe}]:1I OTBaJIOB 1I3 ;}Toro naMHT-
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KypraH, TIIJ;aTeJIbHO 060H)\eHHbIII IICCJIe)J:o-
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TpY}]:HOCTII, B03HlIKmlIe 1I3-3a :3Toro npu
paCKonKax qepTOMJIbIKa. Ha CRe)J:YIOIIJ;IIH
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64
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3). BHYTpeHHHH .n;RaMeTp ero B cpe.n;HeM
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II BTOpn'lHOrO rpa6nTeJIbcI\0-
ro XOAa (II).
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HOll, 2 - qepHo.naHoBaa qawa,
3 - HOCTH lliHBOTHOro OT lliepT-
BeHHoll nHII\H.
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Ha}]:JIeiKHT aM<pope paHHero XMOCKoro
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69

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KanaBbI 0.3, rJIy6rma OKOJIO 0,12 M. B qep-
n03eMH01.1 3aMbJBe maXTbJ BCTpe'IaJIHCb
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Pnc. 10. qepHOJIaI\OBaH 'lama.
MeCTO HaxoAlm I\OCTHHOil 6YClIHbI C 30JIO-
Toir neTJIeii (18), 30JIOTOrO HaKOHe'IHHKa
meJIe3BOii rpIIBHbI (HI) II napbl 30JIOTbI
ceper (20).
TIOCIWJIbKY Ha'\:OAI\H BCTpe'IaJIIICb rro
BceMY 50-CaBTJIMeTpOB01.IY CJIOIO aarrOJIHe-
nHR CKJIena, OHO )],onOJIHDTeJIbHO nepe6H-
paJIOCb HOiKaMII naBCp'-y, a 3aTeM 6bIJIO
rrepeMbITo na cnTax. B peaYJIbTaTe y.n;a-
JIOCb naiiTn ernc neCIwnbKO Mem\HX 30JIO-
TblX YKpameHIIir OTMe'IenHbJX RbIllIe TH-
nOB, a TaKiKe 1JeTbIpe 30JIOTbIX rB03AHKa
(21) H 14 3aTJaCTYlO 6eclfJopMenHbIx 06-
JIOIIIKOB 30JIOTbJX YKpameHIIii (22).
H a x 0 l( K H H 3 I' P 0 6 nUl( bI. 1. I:lep-
HOJIaROBaH rpeTJeCRaH 'lama C nJI3BnO pac-
XOAHlliHMHCH CTeHKaMH H cnenm pacUlo-
penHblM. ynnOlIteUnblM cBepxy neR1JJIKOM,
Ha HeBblCOIWM KOJIbl(eBOM rroAAOHe (puc.
6, 1: 10). BBepxy TOJICTaH rreTeJIb'laTaH
PY'IKa. CJIerKa npHHonHHTaR J\Bep"y. J1aK
xopomero KaqeCTBa, C MeTaJIJInqeCKIIM
6JIeCKOM. ClJU3Y nOAAOH ne nOKpLIT JIaKOM
o HMeeT I(BeT 060iKiKenHOM rJIIlD},!. Ta-
KaH me. no 60nee Y3KaH nOJIoca IIMeeTCH
II DOA BanlIKOM na ABe TJamn. B l(eHTpe
HaXO.l{HTCH OIIHH B ApyroM ABa CBeTJIblX
KPYJI\K8 C 1JepnOIf TOqKOII rrocpcnllRe. BbI-
COTa qamu 5.5, DonliOHa - 1 CM: napYJI\-
HbIH LlnaMeTp BeH1JHRa 17,8, nO)]'Llona-
10 CM. TOJIlItlIHa BeB1JUKa OKOJIO 1 CM.
Mnoro rron06Hblx Tlam BanAeno na
AIfJIIHCROH arope. EJIRiKaiillIHe anaJIorn

lIepTOMJIbUI\Oii l(aTHpyIOTCH OT 480 J]:O
425 1'. l(0 H. a. 5
2. CpeAn pa3BaJIa IDKaTYJIRH BbIHBJIeHbI
ROCTHHbIe J]:eTaml Tpex THITOB:
a) YRpameHHblC rrpOqepqeHHblM MeaHJ]:-
pOBblM opHaMeHTOM ITJIaCTHHRH l(JIllBoii
7,7 H IDMpUHOff 2 CM -IIBa aR3eMrrJIHpa
(pRC. 6, 35, 36);
6) 311r3aro06pa3HbIe rraJIOTJ:KH H U
06JIOMIm: IDnpn:noH AO 4 MM rrpu TOJI1I(II-
He 2-3,5 MM. AJIMHa J]:BYX eJIbIX uaJIO-
TJ:eR no 5,6 CM, HaII60JIbllIerO 06JIoMRa
TpeTbeii - 6,3 CM. B eJIOM 06HapymeHo
17 rraJIO'JeR D 60.'1ee IIJIH MeHee RpynHblx
fiX 06JIOMROB, a TaRme HeCROJIbKO COBceM
MeJIRHX (pIIC. 6, 33);
B) IIPCROJIl.1'O Memmx 06JIOMKOB TOH-
RHX HeopHaMCBTupOBaHBbIX UJIaCTBHOI,
liJl1lHlHoil 1,0 CM (pMC. 6, 34).
3. npOCTble 6YCbI JIB 3arrOJIBenllR rp06-
HIH(bI npeJ]:CTaRJIeHbJ CJIeJ]:YI01I(UMlI Tllrra-
MH (pnc. 6, 39):
- RpyrrHoi7 6HRoBuqecimii 113 naCTbI
cepo-roJIy60ro [(BeTa l(JIDHOH 1,4 U l(Ha-
MeTpOM 2 CM;
- TaROM me cPOpMbI MaCCIIBHoii 6poH-
30BOH AJIUHOll l,g U J]:JIaMeTpOM 1,5 CM;
- rOJIy60ii naCTOBOil: C TpeMR rHeBAa-
MH CIIBJlX maBROB (rro ceMh B RamJ]:oM)
H8 rrOBepXHOCTO J]:HaMeTpoM 1,4-1,5 CM;
-- KOpUqHeBaTOH 60lleUROBUAHoii l(Ha-
MeTpoM O,g CM;
- ABYMH H3 rrpOCBe'IHDalO1I(ellCH rop-
nOll: rropoJIbI posoBoro H rycTo-RpacHoro
[(DeTa J]:HaMeTpOM 1 B 0,8 CM;
-- cepOM U AByMH RopOIlHeBaTbThIH na-
CTOBbIMU 6HKOHJI'ICCRHMH pa3Horo l(Ha-
MeTpa 0.8, 0,7 n 0,6 CM;
'- TpeMH yJ]:JlIIHeHHblMH B BHAe 601JeH-
ROBHAHblX UpOHJI3eH: JIOJIOBOM C 6eJIbIMil
rrpOmOJIKaMO IJ:JIHHOH 1,7 CM; 6eJIoH, lta-
meTCH, BbIRpOllIeHHoii C KpaeB, J]:JIHHOH
1,3 CM; 06J1oMROM cepoii: J]:JIUHofl 1 CM;
-- ceMblO MeJIKHMn uOJ]:6JII\OHn'IecKHMH
H3 rrpOCBe'lHBalO1I(erOCH CTeKJI8 HHTapHo-
1'0 n;BeTa JIHaMeTpOM 0,5--0,6 CM.
4. MeJIRHe HaXOAKn H3 6poH3bI BRJIIO-
1JaIOT:
- 06JIOMKH RpyrJIbIX B celleHOII rB03-
Aeii C I\PymoH mJIHrrKolI. ,l],Ba 113 HHX
coxpaHOBIDlIeCH JIY'Ime, corHYTbI nOA
npHMbn.I ymoM, JlJIllHa O no 2 CM;
- 1JeTbJpe nOJIyclfJepu'l8cRHe 6JIHllIl\H
(ABe copaHJIJIUCh IfJparMeHTapno) co
CJIeJ]:aMU npllIIOH OT rreTJIU C 06p8THoii
CTOpOHbI J]:MaMeTpoM 0,8 CM;
l'
'I.

PRC. 11. !\OJIOKOJII,qIIKOOUpa3llble nO,IJ.BCCKll.
-- TpU HeBblpa3HTbw.IX "OJIOMRa
nJIOCROrO npeJ]:MeTa.
5. HOn[(eBOii 06JIOMOR ROCTHHOH: rrJI8-
CTHHLJ, opHaMeHTHpOBaHJIhli'1 C BHemHeu
CTOpOHbI HeperYJIHprrO rrpOqeplleHJIbIMn
RpeCT-HaRpeCT II BJ]:OJIb JIHHHHMH. EJIHme
R OJ]:nOMY 113 ymoD - RpyrJIOe OTBepCTHe
l(UaMeTpOM 0,5 CM. B ROTOpOM cOXpaHIIJI-
CH ROCTHHOll IDTb1peR l(JIMHOii 1,3 CM co
CJIeAaMll rrpOl(OJIbHbIX cpeBOB. llIHpnHa
nJIaCTJlBbI 5,6, HaH60JIbllIaH WIIIHa 06JIOM-
Ka 4.8 CM. <l>parMeHT, 6e3 COMHeHIIH, npo-
HCXOl(UT OT COCTaBHoro ROCTHHoro I'pe6HH
(Pl1c. 6, 37).
6. Cepe6pHHbIll UJIll aJIeRTpOBhfll rrep-
CTeHb (MeTaJIJI 6eJIecoro [(BeTa, 6e3 ROp-
p031IU) C rrJIOCROM OBaJIbHbJM 1I(llTKOM U
Kpymoii B Ce1JeHHll l(yiKKOU. Ha 1I(llTRe
BhIrpaBBpoBaHa cPBrYPKa CToH1I(ero XB1I(-
HURa Romallbefi rropoAbI, nJI8RIIpOBaHHaH
30JIOTOM. Pe6pa 1I(HTRa opHauenTBponaHbI
pHl(OM yrJIy6JICBHbIX J]:ymeR, OT ROToporo
Ha nymRY C o6eHX CTOpOH onYCRalOTCJI
paSHbJe cPIIrYPbl B BBJ]:e RaBhIlleK n
BorrpOCHTPJIbHorO SHaRa HJIU 3anHTOH
(pHC. 6, 38).
7. MacclIBHblll SOJIOTOH rrepcTeHb H3
rpaHeHoro, YTOH'IalO1I(erOCH R IWH[(aM
CTepmHR. H'OH[(bI rrJIOTnO rrpOJIel'alOT Apyr
R Apyry. BHeIDHllH l(OaMeTp 2,6-2,7,
BHyrpeHJIuii 1,9 CM. TOJl1I(llHa CTepm-
HH rrOCpe,'l;IIHe 0,4, y ROH[(OB 0,2 CM
(pHC. 6, 12).
8. IIepcTeHb us rrOIlTU RPYI'JIoii B ce-
71

'IeHHH 30JIOTOH npOBOJIOI\H TOJIIItHHOH
2,5 MM. HOHn;bI J]:YiKI\H CJIema OTorHYTbI,
paCllIupeHbI H :'nJIOIIteHbI, C BHYTpeHHeH
CTOpOHbI I\ HHM npunaHHbI He CXOJ]:HIIJ;He-
CH 30JIOTbIe CTepiKeHbI\H, CJIYiKHBllIue J]:JIH
HacamHBaHHH HHTapHoro ID;HTI\a, coxpa-
HHBllIerOCfl B MeJIb'laHllIHX 06JIOMI{ax.
BHellIHHH J]:HaMeTp paBHHeTCH 3 CM
(pHC. 6, 13; 11).
9. He60JIbllIHe 30JIOTbIe 6JIHllIKU B BHJ]:e
3aI\pY'IeHHorO CTHJIH30BaHHoro KJIIOBa, B
OCHOBaHHH HOToporo fIOMeIIJ;eH KJIIOB pa3-
MepaMH nOMeHbllIe. BbJCOTa 1, llIHpUHa
B OCHOBaHtIH 0,8 CM. HaHJ]:eHo 32 eJIbJX
H meCTb B 06JIOMKaX (puc. 6, 30).
10. MeJII\He 30JIOTbIe 6JIHmKH B BHJ]:e
06paIIJ;eHHOrO BJIeBO KpbIJIaTOrO JIbBHHO-
rOJIOBOro rpH<poHa (15 aI\3eMnJIHpoB) .
,D;JIHHa 1,5, BbICOTa J]:O .1,2 CM (pHC. 6,
24,25) .
11. IIoJ]:06HbIe onHcaHHbIM Bblme no pa3-
MepaM 30JIOTbIe 6JIHllII\H B BHJ]:e 06paIIJ;eH-
uoro BJIeBO JIbBa C nepeJ]:aHHOll nceBJ]:03ep-
UblO rpHBOH - nHTb aI\3eMnJIHpOB IJ,eJIbIX
6JIHmeK H OJ]:HU 06JIOMOI\ (pHC. 6, 22, 23).
12. He60JIbllIHe 30JIOTbW 6JIHllII\H B
BHJ]:e YToreI\ - 9 aK3eMnJIHpOB. ,D;ml'Ha
6JIHllIeI\ H O}lHU 06JIOMOI\ (pHC. 6, 22, 23).
aTHX 6JIHllIeK 1,7, BbICOTa J]:O 1,5 CM
(pHC. 6, 6, 7).
13. MeJIKHe nOJIyc<pepH'IeCI\He 6JIHmI\H
C npunaHuuoH 30JIOTOH neTeJIbI\OH C
06paTHoH CTOpOHbI J]:HaMeTpOM OI\OJIO
2 MM - 386 aI\3eMnJIHpOB (pHC. 6, 19).
14. Tpu 6YCHUbI H3 MHI'IWH cepoH no-
pOJ]:bI, OrrpaBJIeUUbIe no J]:JIHUe nepeI\pe-
IIJ;HBalOIIJ;HMHCH 30JIOTbJMll rrOJIOCKaMH mH-
PHUOH 4-5 MM, crraHrrUbIMU ua Topax.
O}lrra mapOBHL(UaH L(UaMeTpOM 1,3 CM, J]:Be
611KOUU'IeCKUe, J]:JIHUOM 1 H 1,2 H J]:HaMeT-
pOM ITO 1,2 CM (puc. 6, 26-28).
15. lJeTblpe 30JIOTbJe 6o t leuKOBH}lUbIe
6YCHUKH, yKpallIeulIbIe rro Bceii ITOBepX-
UOCTH tIepeL(YIOIIJ;HMHCH rJIaJ]:KHMH H 3ep-
UHCTbIMH rrpOJ]:OJIbUbIMH KaHUeJIlOpaMH,
}lRuuoii 0,4 H J]:HaMeTpOM J]:O 0,3 CM
(pIIC. 6, 32).
16. Me,'!KHe 3epUHCTbIe 30JIOTbIe 6y-
CHUKU, CITaHUUbIe U3 }lBYX rrOJIyC<pepH'Ie-
CKHX rrOROBHUOK, J]:HaMeTpOM OKOJIO 2 MM.
HeKOTopble paCrraJIHCb Ha J]:Be 'IaCTH.
742 aK3eMrrJIHpa BbIHBJIeUbI eJIbIMH,
69 - no nOJIOBHUKe (pHC. 6, 9-11, 31).
17. 30JIOTble ITOJ]:BeCKH OT OiKepeJIbH,
IIMelOIIJ;He <POPMY KO,'!OKORb'IHKa C py6-
qarbIM YllIKOM, YKperrJIeHHbIM ua IJ;HJIHH-
72
J]:pH1JeCROH HOiKRe (TpH aR3eMnJIf(-.
pa, pM. 6, 16-18) HJIH 6e3 uee (J]:Ba
aR3eMnJIHpa, pHC. 6, 14, 15). CBepxy
KaiKJ]:bIH ROJIOROJIb1JHK YRpallIeu 'IeTblpb-
MH MeJIKHMH, a CHH3Y 60JIee RpyrrUbJMH
TpeyrOJIbUHKaMH H3 MeJIKOII 3epHH, orrH-
palOIIJ;HMHCH OCUOBaHHHMH ua OJ]:lluapUbIe
060}lKH H3 TaKOH iKe 3epHH. HH1f\UHll
060J]:OR J]:orrOJIHHTeJIbUO nOJ]:'lepKHYT rrpo-
BOJIO'lROH B BHJ]:e nceBJ]:03epHH. H 060J]:RY
rrpHrraHUbJ KpyrJIbIe rrpOBOJI01JUbJe neTJIH,
C rrOMOIIJ;blO ROTOpbIX R IWJIOROJIb'lHKaM
nocpeJ]:CTB8M KOJIe'IeR ua 'IeTbJpeX nOJ]:-
BeCRax npHKpenJIeUbI J]:BOHUbIe HJIH OJ]:H-
UapUbIe npHBeCO'lRH B BHJ]:e py6'IaTbIX
npouH3eH, 3aKaUmBalOIIJ;HXCH CUH3Y
rrpHrraHUUbIMH 6ycHHKaMH H3 J]:BYX nOJIY-
c<pepH'leCKHX nOJIOBHUOK H rrHTblO mapH-
KaMH 3epUH, CJIOiKeUHbIMH rrHpaMHL(KOH,
a Ha OL(UOH - MHHepaJIbHble nHpaMHJ]:KH
H3 TOH iKe JIerKOH cepoH nopOJ]:bI, 'lTO H
6YCbI, onHcauHble B nyuRTe 14. HeRoTo-
pbIe 30JIOTbIe npHBeCRH nOTepHJIHCb H Ha
HX MeCTe ua KOJIOROJIb'IHRaX npOCJIeiKe-
UbI np06eJIbI; OT HeRoTopbIX OCTaJIHCb
TOJIbRO neTJIn. Ha J]:BYX ROJIOROJIb'IHKaX
COXpaHHJIOCb no ceMb npHBeCOK, Ha OJ]:HOH
}leBHTb H ua OJ]:UOH - J]:eCHTb. HOJIOROJIb-
'IHR C KaMeHHbIMH rrpHBeCRaMH YRpameH
TpeMH rrHpaMHL(KaMH, C J]:pyroH CTOpOHbI
COXpaHllJIHCb neTJIH eIIJ;e OT Tpex. B 3a-
1I0JIHeHHH rp06HHbI BbIHBJIeUbI erne OJ]:Ha
eJIaH H L(Be pa36HTbIe rrHpaMHL(KH H3 OH-
plO30Boro H rOJIy60ro CTe1\JIa, KOTopbIe
CBHJ]:eTCJIbCTBYIOT, 'ITO B COCTaBe oiKepe-
JIbH 6bIJIH H J]:pyrHe nOJ]:BeCRH, YKpameH-
Hbre aTHMH rrHpaMHL(KaMH. Pa3MepbI H
nponopHU KOJIOROJIb'IHKOB CHJIbHO
BapbHpYIOT. ,D;HaMeTp Tpex aR3eMrrJIHpOB
1,2 CM, BbICOTa BMeCTe C neTJIeH 1-
1,2 CM. ,D;HaMeTp OCTaJIbHbIX J]:BYX (OJ]:HOH
C 30JIOTbIMH, L(pyroH C KaMeHHbIMH rrpH-
BeCKaMH), y IWTOpbJX rreTJIJI 6e3 HO-
iKeR, - 1,2-1,3, BbJCOTa rro 1 Cl\L
18. HocTHuaH 6ycHua B BH}le KOJIeCH-
Ka J]:HaMeTpOM 1,2 H TOJIIIJ;HHOH 0,4 CM
C rpy60H, K TOMY iKe rrOMHTOH neTJIeM
H3 nOJIOCKH 30JIOTa llIHpHUOH 0,6 CM
(pHC. 6, 8).
19. 06JIOMOK iKeJIe3HOH rpHBrrbI C 30-
JIOTbJM UaKOUe'lUHKOM B BHJ]:e rOJIOBKH
JIbBa, H3rOTOBJIeUUbIM H3 JIHCTOBOro 30JIO-
Ta. 06uapymeu CHJIbUO nOMHTbIM, TaK 'ITO
rOJIOBa JIbBa yraJ]:bIBaeTCH C TPYL(OM. ,D;JIH-
ua 06ROMKa 3,5, J]:HaMeTp J]:O 0,9 CM
(pHC. 6, 29).
'j

20. )J;Be JIa}]:beBO}]:HbIe 30JIOTbJe cepbro
B <popMe llIIIpOKoro KaJIa'lIIKa, YKpa-
rneHHbIe rro BceH rrOBepXHOCTH TpeyrOJIb-
HHKaMII MeraHllIeji 3epHH II 'leTbJpbM1I
JIpO}]:OJIbHbIMII rrOJIOCKaMII <pIIJIHrpaHII
(cBepxy, CIIII3Y, C 60KOB) B BII}]:e nJIeTeH-
KII, OrpaHII'leHIIOH C 06eHx CTOpOH fJIa}]:-
KOH rrpOBOJIOtIKoii. HOHbI YKpallIeubI
TpeM1I ropII;;OHTaJIbHbJMII KOHeHTpII'leC-
KIIMII KOJIe'lKaMII - 3epHOCTbJMII rro Kpa-
11M H fJIa}]:KIIM nocpe}]:IIHe. JiI3 O}]:Horo
KOHIJ;a BbIXO}]:HT 3anpaBJIeHHaH B Hero
npOBOJIO'lHaH )],yiKKa, 3a1ftlHqIIBalOIIJ;a1lC1I
YTOH1JenHbJM KplO'lKOM, }]:pyroH O<POPM-
JIeH npIIrra1lHHOH p03eTKOH (pHC. 6, 20,
21). 06IIJ;aH BblCOTa cepbrII BMeCTe C
}]:ymKoH 4,3, llIHpOHa 2,5 CM. TOJIIIJ;IIHa
(<KaJraqIIKa» nocpe}]:IIHe 1-1,1 CM. 3epHb
no 60KaM cepeiKeK CIIJIbHO CTepTa, qTO
CBII}]:eTeJIbCTByeT 0 }]:JIOTeJIbHOM ox HO-
meHlIo.
21. O)],OH KpyrrHbIH, corHYTbIH no}]:
rrpJlMbIM yrJIOM, 0 TpO MeJIROX 30JIOTbJX
rB03}]:1I, CBepHYTbIX II3 TOHKoro JIIICTa Ha
KOHYC, }]:JIIIHOH 0,5-0,7 0 1,4 CM.
2. KpynHbIe 06JIOMKH 30JIOTbJX 6JIH-
llIeK y1JTeHbI B onOCII BbJllIe. KpOMe HHX,
B 3anOJIHeHIIO rp06HIIIJ;bI y}]:aJIOCb BbJ-
HBOTb TpO 06pbIBKa 30JIOTOH q,OJIbrO, }]:Ba
06JIOMKa nOJIyC<pepIIqeCKIIX 6JIHllIeK, npo-
BOJIOqHYIO neTeJIbRy, OqeBII}]:HO, OT npo-
BeCKO B BII}]:e 1\OJIOKOJIbqHKa, 0 qeTbJpe
MeJIKOe 6ec<popMeHHbIe 30JIOTHHKO.
HaXO}]:KII anTIIqHOH KepaMIIKII II3 pBa II
MOrIIJIbI n03BOJIHIOT }]:aTIIpOBaTb norpe6e-
HIIe BTOpOH nOJIOBIIHOH V B. }]:O H. a. 3TOII
JJ;aTe He rrpOTIIBOpeqaT II }]:pyroe rrpe}]:-
MeTbI rrorpe6aJIbHOrO HHBeHTapH. Cpe}]:II
HIIX npeiKJJ;e Bcero CJIe}]:yeT OTMeTIITb
. KaJIaqIIR006pa3HbIe cepbrH. MaCCOBoe
pacrrpOCTpaHeHIIe IIX B CKO<pIIH HaqOHa-
. eTCH C V B. }]:O H. a. II npo}]:OJImaeTCH
BnJIOTb }]:O Ha1JaJIa III B. }]:O H. 3. 6 O}]:Ha-
KO ccpbrII II3 MaJIoro lIepTOMJIbIKa KaK
Ha OCIIOBaHIIII <pOpMbI KaJIa'IHKa, TaK 0
BCJIe}]:CTBIIe rapMOHII'IHOCTII II TIIJ;aTeJIb-
HOCTII OT}]:eJIKII opHaMeHTa HeCOMHeHHO
MOiKHO CqIITaTb OL(HHMII II3 HaII60JIee
apXaHQHbIX, II3rOTOBJIeHHbIX eJIIe B KOHIJ;e
VI - Ha'laJIe V B. }]:O H. a. HOHe1JHO,
B rp06HIIy ann nOnaJIH HeCKOJIbKO n03}]:-
Hee, 0 qeM CBH}]:eTeJIbCTByeT nOTepTocTb
3epHO Ha 60Kax.
3HaqHTeJIbHbJH IIHTepec B KOMrrJIeKCe
rrpe}]:cTaBJIHIOT rrO}]:BeCKII OT OiKepeJIb1l
B Bo}]:e KOJIOKoJIbqHROB. TOqHbIe aHaJIOrn
OM ne03BeCTHbJ, HO no COCTeMe opHaMen-
TaIIII OHII, nOiKaJIYH, 6JIIIiKe Bcero CTO-
HT K 30JIOTbJM cepbraM H3 C. EMtIIIxa, }]:a-
TIIpyeMbIM eIIJ;e VI B. }]:O H. a.7
JIH YTO'lHeHHH }]:aTIIpOBKO KypraHa
CYIIJ;eCTBeHHO TO, 'ITO HeKOTOpbJe Haxo}]:-
KH IIS Hero HMelOT JIpHMbJe aHaJIOrII
B KypraHe Ba6bI. Cpe}]:H HIIX - onpaB-
JIeHHbIe SOJIOTOM KaMenHbIe 6YCbJ (pIIC. 0,
26-28) II JIIIpaMH}]:aJIbHbIe rrpIIBecKII OT
1\0JIOKOJIbtIIIKOBH}]:HbJX rrO}]:BeCOK (pIIC. 6,
14) 8. Be3YCJIOBHOe CXO}]:CTBO C HaH}]:eH-
HbJMO B KypraiIe Ba6bI 6JIHllIKaMO B BO-
}]:e JIb BOB IIMelOT II MaJIO'lepTOMJIbJI\IIe'
IIallIHBHbIe YKpallIeHII1I. ITpaB}]:a, }]:aTO-
pOBKa KypraHa Ba6bI B HaCTOHIIJ;ee BpeMH
}]:OBOJIbHO npOTIIBOpeqOBa 9 , O}]:HaKO CO-
opyiKeHHe ero He n03}]:Hee nOCJIe}]:HeH
qeTBepTII V B. }]:O II. a. BPH}]: JIll MOiKeT
6bITb ocrropeHO. ITO-BO}]:IIMOMY, 6JIII3KIIM
K aTOMY BpeMeHO CJIe}]:yeT }]:aTopOBaTh
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3 TaM me.- C, 136, VUC. 72; IIpu6a..w-
6a O. H., 3apaucKa!! H. fl., npU6a.lW6 A. 11.
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4 M030,JteeCbKUU B. M. TOBCTa MorIlJJa.-
1\.,- 1979.- C. 54.
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tiOns. Black anal plain Pottery of the 6th,
.5th and 4th century B. C.- Vol. 12.- P. 12.-
Prinson : New Jert>ey, 1970, plate 31, N 747-
750. ,
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HHJI KJIeMM I - III rpyrrrr) - KOHen; rrep-
BOH - Ha'IaJIO BTOpOH 'IeTBepTH IV B. J]:O
H. a., no II. B. BpallIHHcRoMY - nepnaJI
rrOJIOBHHa IV B. J]:O H. a. ITepHoJ]: cocyrn;e-
CTBOBaHHJI KJIeHM I - III rpyrrrr, BbIJ]:eJIeH-
B'bIlI B. A. BaCIIJIeHRO, H oTHeCeHB'bIlI HM
R KOHn;y nepBoH - Ha'IaJIY BTOpOH 'IeTnep-
TH IV B. J]:O H. a., CYJ]:JI no ;}THM J]:aHHbIM,
;'J;OJImeH HaQIlHaTbCJI ropa3;'J;0 paHI,llIe,
6YKBaJIbHO C Ha'IaJIa repaKJIeHCROro KJIeH-
MeHIIJI. 10. M. K03y6 H B. A. BaCHJIeHKO
OTHOCHJIII Ha'IaJIO KJIeHMeHHJI B fepaKJIee
K KOHn;y V B. J]:O H. a. 16 B. M. CKYJ]:Hona,
B. H. fpaKoB H M. B. BpallIHHcKHH-
K py6emy V -IV BB. J]:O H. aY C OTKpbI-
THeM BorJ]:aHOBCKoro KypraHa rrOJIBHJICJI
HaJ]:eiKHbIH aprYMeHT B nOJIb3Y 60JIce paH-
HeH J]:aTIIpOBKH.
KJIeMMeHbIe repaKJIeHCKHe aM<POpLl-
HepeJ]:KaJI HaXOJ]:Ka B CKH<pCKHX KypraHax.
ITO;}TOMY YTO'IHeHHe XpOHOJIOrHH repaK-
JIeMCKOro KJIell:MeHHJI IIMeeT BaiKHoe 3Ha-
'IeHHe J]:JIJI pa3pa60TKH XpOHOJIOrHH CKH<p-
CRHX naMJITHHKOB ITpH'IepHOMOpbJI V H
IV BB. J]:O H. a. MaTepllaJIbJ 60rJ]:aHoB-
CKoro KypraHa J]:alOT KJIIO'I K BbIJ]:eJIeHHIO,
C OJ]:HOJI CTOpOHbI, rpynnbI repaK31eHCKHX
KJIeHM KOHn;a V B. o H. a., C J]:pyroH-
CKH<pCKHX rraMJITHHKOB ;}Toro me Bpe-
MeHII.
I The Athenian Agora.- Vol. 12.- P. 11;
Sparker B:, Talcott L. Black and plaine potte-
ry of the 6,5 and 4 centuries B. C.- Princeton
(N. J.) 1970 (no q,opMe - M 617-410 r.
AO H. a., M 622 - 400-380 1'1'. AO H. a.; IDTaM-
nOBaHHbIll opHaMeHT: .M 482 - 425 r. AO H. a.,
M 587 - 420-410 1'1'. o H. <1.).
2 TaM me.- C. 2.

3 Koay6 10. 1. He1\pOnOJIb OJIbBil V-IV CT.
AO H. e.- R., 1975.- C. 47; pnc. 9.- C. 46,
C. 144.-.N'2 100.
4 XyihlK M. M. HIIMq,ell.CI(aH mcrre;J:nnH
1939 1'.11 Tp. OTA. nCToplin nC1\YCCTBa n 1\y.1Jb-
TypbI aHTn'l. MlIpa.- 31., 1945.- T. 1.- C. 157,
Ta6JI. 11, 1; raiiaYl>eeu'l B. <P. PaCI(Omm Tn-
pnTaI(H B 1935-40 1'1'.11 M11A.- 1952.- oM 25.-
C. 91, pliC. 109, 2; rauoYKeeU'l B. <P. He1\po-
rrOJIn neI(OTOpbIX 60crropClmx ropoAoB II M11A.-
1959,- oM 69,- C. 165, pnc. 12; BeAoe r. /1,.
H eI(pOrrOJIb Xepconeca KJIaCCn'leC1\OlI arroxil II
CA.- T. 12.- C. 280, pliC. 5; Be.aoe r. /1,.
HonnHCHaJI ljepaMIII(a n3 XepcoHeca II Tf8.-
1972,- T. 13..L C. 19; l1ealioe T. AHTII'lHaH 1\e-
paMHI(a HeKpOrrOJIJI ArrOJIJIOHll1l II ArrOJIJIOIIHH-
COq,HH.- 1963.- C. 192, pliC. 76, oM 455; Ko-
ay6 10. 1. BI\a3. rrpaI'H.- C. 48-50, pnc. 10, H.
5 3aulfeea K. 11. Ry6Im V-IV BB. AO H. ::1.11
Tf8.- 1972.- T. 13.- C. 90-98.
6 Koay6 10. I. B1\a3. rrpaH,- C. 134, M 7;
c. 149, .N'2 144; c. 158, oM 202.
7 BpamUIiCKUU 11. B. fpe'leCKnii 1\epaMnqe-
C1\nn nMrropT Ha HllmHeM AOHY.- 31., 1980.-
.N'2 162.- C. 127.
8 Me.a1QKOOa A. 11. BoopymeHne CImq,OB.-
M., 1964.- C. 23-30.
9 llAbuncKaR B. ':k. CHnq,CI(aH Y3Aa IV B.
AO H. ::1.11 C1\nq,c1\ne ApeBHocTn.- KneB, 1973.-
C. 42-63.

B 1981 r. Kpaco030aMeoCRaH 3RcrreJ]:H-
n;HH MHCTHTYTa apXeOJIOI'HH AH YCCP
(Ha'IaJIbHRR r. JI. EBJ]:OKRMOB) rrpo-
BOJ]:HJIa paCRonRR 'IeTbIpex RypraHobIx
rpynrr (I-IV) y c. ITepBoMaeBKa Bepx-
He-POra'JIIHCROrO p-oa XepcoHCKOR 06JI.
B HaCTOJlrn;eH CTaTbe MbI ny6mmyeM
pe3YJIbTaTbI HCCJIeJ]:oBaHHH CKH<pCKHX
KypraooB rpyrrnbI ITepBoMaeBKa-II. Kyp-
raHHaJl rpyrrrra COCTOHJIa H3 J]:eBHTH Ha-
CbIIIeH BbJCOTOH OT 0,5 J]:O 3,5 M, BbITJI-
UYBillHXCJI n;errO'IKOH C BOCTOKa Ha 3arraJ]:,
lla rrJIaTO JIeBOrO 6epera AHerrpa B 4 RM
1{ lOry OT ceJIa H B 1,5 RM K ceBepO-BOC-
TOKY OT TpaCCbI KaMeHKa-AHerrpoBcKaJl-
KaxoBKa. rpyrrrra CMemaHHaH. MccJIeJ]:o-
BaHO 'IeTbIpe KypraHa (OJ]:HH :mOXR 6POH-
3bI H TPH CKH<pCKHX) 3aHRMaBmHX KpaH-
Hee BOCTOqHOe rrOJIOiKeHHe B rpynrre. 3a-
MepbI BbICOT HacbIlleH, rJIy6HHa OCHOBHbIX
rrorpe6aJIbHbIX coopymeHHH rrpOH3BOJJ;H-
nHCb OT ypOBHH rrorpe6aJIbHOrO 'IepH03e-
Ma, a rJIy6HHa BrrYCKHbIX rrorpe6aJIbHbIX
coopymeoRH- OT YCJIOBHOH TO'IRH «O>},
I
10 ApTaMolioe M. If. COI(pOBna CI\IIq,cImx
1\ypraIIOB.- IIpara. 31eIInHrpa, 1966.-
Pnc. 19.- C. 17; OnauKo H. A. AHTII'lHHll. nM-
rropT B IIoAHerrpoBbe II IIo6ymbe B VII- V BB.
AO H. a.11 CAI1.- M., 1966.-.N'2 31.- C. 57;
l1.abulicKaR B. A. C1\nq,hI AnerrpoBcI\Oro Heco-
CTerrHoro JIeB06epembH.- KlIeB, 1968.-
Ta6JI. 41.- C. 139.
11 ll.abulicKaR B. A. CImq,bl AHenpOBCI{OrO
JICCOCTCrrIIoro JIeB06epembH.- C. 139; Oliau-
KO H. A. YKa3, CO'l.- C. 64. oM 240-242.
12 Bacu.aeliKO B. A. KJIeiiMa Ha aMcpopax
Tnrra COJIOxa II II CA.- 1971.- oM 2.- C. 245.
13 Bacu.aeliKo B. A. 0 Xapa1\Tepe RJIeHMeHIIH
repa1\JIell.CKnx aMq,op B rrepBon nOJIOBIIIIe IV B.
AO H. a.11 H8.- T. 11.- C. 6-7.
14 Bpamulic"uu 11. B.- Y1\a3. COq.- C. 39.
15 CKy8liooa B. M. ROMrrJIeKC HaXOAOK 1I3
paC1\OnOK CBHTnJIna Ra6IIpOB B HnMq,ee II
RC1111MK- 1956.- 63; Koay6 10. 1. B1\a3. rrpa-
nH.- C. 72.
16 Koay6 10. 1. B1\33. npanH.- C. 72; Ba-
cu.aeliKO B. A. 0 Xapa1\Tepe 1\JIenMennH re-
pa1\JIelICI\lIX aMq,op.- C. 6.
17 ll,exMicrpenKo B. 1. Ao AaTYBannH re-
paIwell.CbKIIX I\JIeiIM II ApxeoJIoriH.- M 5.-
C. 26; BpamUllcKUu 11. B. KepaMn'leClme KJIell.-
Ma fepaI\JIen IIomniIc1\oll.lJ H8.- 1965.-
T. 5.- C. 6.
r. Jl. Ee801>UMOe, M. H. <J>pu8Man
CRH<I>CRHE RYPf AHbI
}' c. llEPBOMAEBRA
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B3HTOH rrpOH3BOJIbHO Ha BepillHoe RYP-
raHa.
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MbI'IKaMH Ha 3anaJ]:e H BOCTOKe. AHa-
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illHpHHa rrepeMbI'IeK 1,6 H 2,2 M
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L(Ba KOrrbJl (3) 0 KOCTHHOH rpe6eHb (4).
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90

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, L-L...J
PIlC. 4. I\ypraB .M 1. IIorpe6eBIle .M 1.
'lKeJIe3Bble aaCTemKH Ba IIpaBoM 60KY
IIaBllpH.
(pHC. 5, 2). Ha 1I0HCHHn;e IIpOXO)],HT PJlA
J]:JIHHHbIX IIpHMoyrOJIbHbIX IIJIaCTHH
(7 X 2 CM), BbIrHYTbIX HaPYiKY B HHiKHeH
TpeTu. 3aTeM PHJ]: KOpOTKHX llIHpOKHX
IIJIaCTIIH pa3MepaMH 4 X 2 Cl\L B n;eHTpe
HeKoTopbIX JmaCTHH np06HTbI 60RbllIHe
RpyrJIbIe OTBepCTHJI (pHC. 5, 3). 3aKaH-

iJ1
ii i
-
.  J
PHC. 5. RypraB .M 1. llorpe6eBlIe .M 1. <DparMeBTbI IIaBIlIpH.
'IIIBaeTCJI I'::J)],OJI pJlJ]:OM KOpOTKHX llIHpO-
KHX mIaCTHH pa3MepaMH 4,5 X 2,7 CM. ITo
KpaHM KOiKa OCHOBbI 3arHYTa HapYiKY
B BBJ]:e BaJIHKa.
3. KorrbH 6bIJIH YJIOiKeHbI B rp060BHIn;e
HaKOHe'lHHKaMH K rOJIOBe. 06JD;aH L(JIHHa
IwrrHfi 2,4 CM. ApeBRB COXpaHHJIHCb, Ha-
KOHe'lHH1\H HMelOT rrepo C rrpHMbIMH, CXO-
J]:HJD;BMIICH K OCTpHIO rpaRHMH. ITocepeJ]:H-
He UepbeB rrpOXOJ]:HT HeBbICOKoe Y3Koe
pe6po. HaH60JIbmaa: mHpHHa lIepa Haxo-
J]:HTCR B rrOCJIeJ]:HeH 'IeTBepTB J];JIHHLI.
Ko BTYJIKe rrepbH rrJIaBHO CYiKaIOTCH, TaK
qTO CTOpOHLI B HHiKHeH qaCTB rrepa y rrep-
BOl'O KOlIbR KpHBOJIHHeHHbI, Y BToporo
OKpyrJIbI. BTYJIKH KOHHqeCKHe, Ha ROHe
BaJIHK (MY<PTa). AJIHHa rrepBoro HaKO-
HeqHBKa 50, L(JIIIHa BTYJIKH 17, BTOpO-
1'0 - 45, BTYJIKH 14 CM (pHC. 6, 1).
4. KOCTHHOH rpe6eHb, PYKOHTb opHa-
MeHTHpOBaHa B BHJ\e rrepeCeKalOJD;HXCJ1
BOJIH006pa3HLIx JIHHHH, 06paayroJD;HX
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PlfC. 6. HHBeHTapb IIorpe6eHlfH .1\1'2 1 KypraHa .N'2 1.
1 - HOllbJl; 2 - HOCTJlHOil rpeoeHb; ;] - TO'lRJIbHble HaMHR; 4-7 - OPOH30Bwe HaHOHe'lHRRR CTpen.
92

cBoe06pa3HYlO IIJU'!'teHKY. JIIIHa OKOJIO
10,5, llIHpHRa 01\OJIO 6,5 CM (pHC. 6, 2).
5. TO"lHJIbHbIe 1\aMHH: nepBbIH npHMO-
yrOJIbHOH <pOPMbI, K cepeJ]:HRe OCeJIRa
nJIOCKOCTII B pe3YJIbTaye cpa60TaHRocTH
cymalOTCH, L(JIHHa 18, llIHpURa 3-4 CM.
BTOPOH OCeJIOK B Ce"leHHH OBaJIbHbJH, Ha
O)],HOM KOHn;e npOCBepJIeRO OTBepCTlIe
JJ;lIaMeTpOM 0,5 CM. AJIHHa OCeJIKa 15,
1lIIIpHHa 1,9 CM pHC. 6, 3).
6. KOJIqaHRbIH Ha60p COCTOHJI 113
82 6POR30BbIX BTYJIbTIaTbIX HaKOHe'IHHKOB
CTpeJI. TpexrpaRRbIe: a) 50 - C BRYTpeH-
HeH BTYJIKOii, rJIaJ]:KHMII CBHCalOJD;HMH
OCTplIHMH rpaHeH. 19 BaKOHeTIRHKOB H3-
rOTOBJIeHbI B eJ]:HHoH <popMe, AJIHHa 2,2-
2,7 CM (pHC. 6, 4); 6) 15 - C Be60Jlb-
1lIIIM IT-06pa3HbIM JIOmKOM, BHYTpeHHeH
BTYJIROH II CBHCalOIIJ;HMH OCTpHHMH. AJIII-
Ha 2,5 CM (plIC. 6, 5). TpeXJIOlIaCTHble:
a) 16 - C IIpHMoyrOJIbHblM JIomKOM Ha
TpeTb )],JIIIHbI rOJIOBKH, C BTYJIKOH BpO-
Be HI, C KOHn;aMH JIonaCTeH HJIII TIYTb Bbl-
cTynalOIIJ;eH. JIolIacTH coeJ]:HRHIOTCH co
BTYJIKOH IIO}]; OCTpbIM yrJIOM. AJIIIRa 2,5-
3,1 CM (pIIC. 6, 6); 6) OJ]:IIH - C JIOmKOM
lJ;0 OCTpIIH, co BTYJIKOH, He3RaTIIITeJIbRO
BblcTYlIalOIIJ;eit Ha JIOmKe TaMro06pa3-
HblH 3HaK B BIIJ]:e nepeCeKalOIIJ;IIXCH JIII-
HHH, o6pa3YIOIIJ;Hx KOCOH KpeCT. AJIIIHa
3,4 CM (pHC. 6, 7).
7. JReJIe3HblH Bom C rop6aToH ClIIIH-
ROH, PYKOHTb 06JIOMaHa. KJIHHOR RpelIlIJI-
CH B QeJIbHOH KOCTHHOH PYKOHTH C lIO-
MOJD;blO TIeTblpex meJIe3HbIX 3aRJIelIOR
(pIIC. 3, 3).
8. <DparMeBT L(epeBHHHoro lIpeL(MeTa
THlIa KOqeJ]:bIKa J]:JIHHOH 12, llIHpHHOH
2,1 CM. B BepXReH "laCTH KBaL(paTHOe
, orBepCTlIe pa3MepOM 0,8 X 0,8 CM
(pHC. 3, 4).
9. CJIerKa lIporRYTaH, KpyrJIaH B ceTIe-
, HHH lIaJIOTIKa C OTBepCTHeM Ra OL(HOM
ROHn;e H BbIpe30M Ha J]:pyrOM. AJIIIRa
29,5, J]:HaMeTp 0,9 CM (pHC. 3, 5).
10. HaraHKa 113 KOiKaHbIX peMellIKOB,
CJIOiKeHRbIX L(O cepeJ]:HHbI BMCCTe H 06-
MOTaHHbIX KomaRofI TeCbMOfI. B BepxHeH
TIaCTH lIeTJIH (pHC. 3, 6).
11. AepeBHRHoe 6JIIOlJ;0 OBaJIbROH <pop-
Mblpa3MepaMII 50X25 CM C J]:BYMH BbI-
CTYlIaMH-pYTIKaMH,
12. JKeJIe3HblH Rom C rop6aTOH ClIIIH-
KOH, C llIeCTlIrpaHROH B CeTIeHlI1I n;eJIbHOii
KOCTHHOlI PYKOHTblO. JIe3BIIe KpelIHJIOCb
TpeMH meJte3nbIMII 3aKJIeIIRaMH. AJIlIna
HOiKa 22, PY1\OHTH 12,4 CM (pHC. 3, 7).
llocpe6enue .M 2 (pHC. 1, 3). HaxoJ]:H-
JIOCb B 4 M K lOry OT lIorpe6eRHH M 1.
COBepllIeRo B KaTaKoM6e. IIpHMoyrOJIb-
HaH BXO,D,HaH HMa pa3MepaMH 3,2 X 1,8 M
opHeHTlIpOBaRa C ceBepO-3ana,D,a Ha 101'0-
BOCTOK. ITorpe6eRHe orpa6JIeRO B ,D,peB-
HOCTH "lepe3 BXOJ]:RYIO HMY. B 3anOJIRe-
HIIII rpa6HTeJIbCKOrO XO,D,a 06HapymeHbI
<pparMeHTHpOBaHHble 6POH30BbIe nOHomH
(1), 6POH30Bbie nJIaCTHHbl OT Ra60pHoro
lIOHca (2) , MeJIKHe 30JIOTbIe 6JIHllIKH H
rB03,D,IIKII (3), 30JIOTbIe lIJIaCTHHKH (4),
'Iepen meHJD;HHbl 22-25 JIeT II OT,D,eJIb-
HbIe KOCTH J]:BYX CKeJIeTOB. AHO BXOL(HOH
HMbI Ha rJIy6HHe 3,25 M, B n;eHTpaJIbHOH
qaCTII CHJIbHO 060miKeHo, BbIHBJIeHbl yr-
JIll II 060mmeHHaH KaMeHHaH IIJIIITKa.
B 3anaJ]:HOM yrJIY HaXOJ]:HJIaCb oRpyr-
JIaH HlIllIa J]:JIHHOH 0,6, 1lIIIplIHOH 0,9, BbI-
COTOH 0,8 M. B HeH 06HapymeH pa3BI;I.JI
JIelIHorO cocYJ]:a (6) H OKpallIeHHbIe ORIIC-
JIaMH 6pOH3bI KOCTII OBn;bI, BbI6pOllIeHHbIe
113 6POH30Boro KOTJIa, YHeceHHoro rpa6H-
TeJIHMII. BTopaH HlIllIa npHMoyrOJIbHaH
B lIJIaHe ,D,JIHHOH 0,8, llIHpHHOH 0,7 M OT-
KpbITa B BOCTOTIHOM yrJIY BXO,D,HOJI HMbI.
B ,D,He HlIllIH 06HapYiKeHo lIpaBHJIbHOe QH-
JIHH)J;pHTIeCKoe yrJIy6JIeHlIe, B KOTopoe
BCTaBJIHJIaCb HomKa nOXIIIIJ;eHHorO ROTJIa,
BORpyr pa36pocaHHble ROCTH OBn;bI, OKpa-
meHHbIe OKIICRaMH 6pOH3bI. AHO BXOL(HOH
HMbI lIJIaBHO lIOHHiKaJIOCb Ha 0,25 M KO
BXOJ]:y B lIorpe6aJIbHYlO KaMepy H lIepexo-
L(IIJIO B L(HO L(pOMoca.
BxoJ]: B lIorpe6aJIbHYlO KaMepy apO"lHOH
<pOpMbl BbICOTOH 0,8, 1lIIIpHHOH 1,3 M Haxo-
)J:IIJICH B IOrO-BOCTO"lHOM yrJIY BXOL(HOH
HMbI. ITepeL( BXO,D,OM OTKpbITO IIp HMO-
yrOJIbHOe yrJIy6JIeHHe ,D,JIHHOH 0,9, JJIHplI-
Hoii 0,2, my6HHoH 0,08 M L(JIH KpelIJIeHHH
lIepeKpbITHH, 3aKpbIBaBmero BXO,D, B lIO-
rpe6aJIbBYlO KaMepy. BXOJJ;HYIO H!fY C lIO-
rpe6aJIbHOlI KaMepoH coeJ]:HHHR HJ]:YIIJ;HH
no)]. yrROM Ha 101' J]:pOMOC JJ;JIHHOH 2,6,
1lIIIpHHOii Y HMbI 1,6, y KaMepbI 2,1 M.
B 3alIOJIHeHHII J]:pOMoca Bb;HBReHbI OT-
J]:eJIbHble 1\OCTH lIorpe6eHHblx H TIepen
MymTIHHbI 35-40 JIeT.
HerrpaBHJ1bBoii <POpMbI KaMepa pa3Me-
paMH 3 X 1,9 M opHeHTHpOBaHa lIO L(RHHe
3anaL( - BOCTOK C He60JIbllIHM OTKJIOHe-
HHeM K lOry. AHO Ha rJIy6IIHe 3,85 M.
B03JIe 3alIaL(BOH CTeHRH OTKpbITO lJ;Ba
OKpyrJIbIX yrJIy6JIeHIIH J]:lIaMerpOM 0,2 H

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-.......u
PHC. 7. HRBeRTapb IIorpe6eRliH .1\1'2 2 KypraRa
oM 1.
1 - OpOH30BbIe UOHOlliH; 2 - JIeUHol! COCYA.
0,25, rJIy6HHOH 0,35 H 0,2 M (TaHHH-
KH?). B 3aTeKe KaMepbI 06HapymeHbI 30-
JIOTbIe 6JIJlllIKH (3- 5) , KYCKH nOHca
C meJIe3HbIM nJIaCTHHqa TbIM Ha60poM
(7), BTOKH (8) H <pparMeHTM HaKOHeqHH-
KOB KorrHH (9), 6POH30Bble HaKOHeqHHKH
CTpeJI (10), <pparMeHT KJIHHKa Meqa (II),
meJIe3HbIe HomH (12), meJIe3HaJl BopBap-
Ka (13).
1. IIoHomH H3rOTOBJIeHbJ H3 30JIOTHC-
TOH 6POH3bI, rrOBepXHOCTb HX Trn;aTeJIbHO
OTrrOJIHpOBaHa. CYJ]:H rro <pparMeHTaM, HX
MOiRHO OTHeCTH K <popMe HomHoro J]:ocrre-
xa, 3aIIJ;HIIJ;aBllIero He TOJIbKO rOJIeHH, HO H
94
HoeHH BOHHa. HHiKHHH Hpaii CJIerKa
YTOJIIIJ;eH H OTorHYT Hapymy. ITo nepH-
MeTpy np06HTbI OTBepCTHH J]:JIH KpenJIe-
HHH nOJ]:KJIaJ]:KH H peMHeH 3aBH30K.
OCTpbIe KpaH OTBepCTHH CrJIameHbI. 06-
IIJ;aH BbICOTa 44 CM (pHC. 7, 1).
2. ITpOJ]:OJIrOBaTbIe 6poH30BbIe rrJIac-
THHM Ha60pHoro nopTyneMHoro nOHca.
C OJ]:HOH CTOpOHbI yrJIbI nJIaCTHH cpeaa-
HbI, C J]:pyrOH 3aKpyrJIeHbI. AJIH KperrJIe-
HHH K OCHOBe no KpaHM rrJIaCTHH HMe-
IOTCH OTBepCTHH: OJ]:IIO no JIeBOMY KpalO,
no J]:Ba C Topn;OBbIX CTOpOH. RamJ]:aH
nJIaCTHHa 3aKpbIBaeT TpeTb nOBepXHOCTH
npeJ]:bI;(yIIJ;eii. Pa3MepbI nJIaCTHH 4,5 X
0,6 CM (pHC. 9, 4).
3. 30JIOTbJe rB03L(HKH C rroJIyc<pepHqe-
CKOH mJIHnKOM. AJIHHa 0,7-1, L(HaMeTp
mJIHnOK 0,4 CM (pHC. 8, 1).
HaIIIHBHbJe 30JIOTble H aJIeKTpOBbIe
6JIHllIKH, YKpallIaBllIHe oJ]:emJ]:Y. MaJIeHb-
KHe 3bJIOTbIe (784 aK3eMnJIHpa) rrOJIY-
c<pepHqeCKOH <pOpMbI, C npHnaHHHoH
BHyTpH neTeJIbKOH. AHaMeTp 6JIHllIeK
0,3-0,5 CM (pHC. 8, 2).
4. CeMb aJIeKTpOBbIX, BbmYKJIbJX, npH-
MoyrOJIbHOH <pOPMbI, pa3MepaMH 2,1 X
2,9 CM, 6JIHllIeK C H306pameHHeM rpH<pO-
Ha, nOBepHYToro BrrpaBO, rOJIOBa O<pOPM-
JIeHa B BHJ]:e qeJIOBeqeCKOM. RpbIJIbH rre-
peJ]:aIJ1>I TpeMH pHJ]:aMH BbmYKJIbIX 'IepTO-
'IeK. KpaH o<popMJIeHbI B BHJ]:e py6qaTOH
paMKH. ITo yrJIaM OTBepCTHH )1:JIH HallIH-
BaHHH (pHC. 8, 3). 15 aJIeKTpOBbIX Kpec-
TOBH)1:IIbIX 6J1HllIeI{ pa3MepaMH 2 X 2 CM,
H3 nHTH COe)1:HHeHHbIX KpymKoB J]:HaMeT-
pOM 0,5 CM. ITo yrJIaM OTBepCTHJI )1:JIH
HallIHBaHHH (pHC. 8, 2).
5. BoceMb BbIIIyKJIbIX aJIeKTpOBbIX
6JIHmeK oKpyrJIOH <pOpMbI C H306pame-
HHeM MymcKoro JIHn;a, BOJIOCbI H 60poJ]:a
nepeJ]:aHbI py6qaTbIM BaJIHKOM. ITo KpalO
J]:Ba OTBepCTHH J]:JIH HallIHBaHHH (pHC. 8,
5). <PparMeHT aJIeKTpOBoH 6JIHIIIKH C H30-
6paiReHHeM rOJIOBbI 'IeJIOBeRa B npo<pHJII>
(pHC. 8, 6).
6. JIerrHoH COCYJ]: C OTorHYTbIM BeHqH-
HOM, YKpameHHbIM ITO KpalO pHJ]:OM KOCbIX
BJ]:aBJIeHHM. B nJIeqHKaX Koprryc pa3J]:YT,
J];HO nJIOCKoe. BbIcoTa cocYJ]:a 21,8, J]:Ha-
MeTp BeHTIHKa 14, Koprryca 19,6, J]:Ha 8 CM
(pHC. 7, 2).
7. <PparMeHT nopTyrre:HHOro nOHca
C meJIe3HbIM nJIaCTHH'IaTbIM Ha60poM.
IIJIaCTHHbI HallIHTbI Ha KOiKaHylO OCHOBY
TaK, 'ITO KaiKAaH nJIaCTHHa nepeKpbIBaeT

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PHC. 8. MBBeBTapb norpe6eBlln oM 2 KypraHa oM 1.
1-6 - 30nOTble If 3neRTpOBble H31IIlfBHble OJ1HlIIlm; 7 - I\IparMeHT nopTyneii:Horo nOHC3 (meJIe-
30); 8 - BTORH RonlfH; 10-11- 6POH30Bble HaIiOHe'lHIfRIf CTpeJI,

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PHC, 9. MHBeHTapb IIorpe6eHHH .M 2 KypraHa .M 1.
1 - JReJIe3Hble HOlliH; 2 -l\IparMeHT HJIHHKa Meqa; 3-4 - I\IparMeHTbl nopTyneitHoro nOHca.
TpeTb nOBepXHOCTH npeJ]:bIJ]:YIIJ;efI. ITo
KpaJIM KOma OCHOBbI 3arHYTa Hapymy B
BIIJ]:e BaJUIRa. AJIH I\penJIeHHJI R OCHOBe
C TOpn;OBbIX CTOpOH nJIaCTI:IH np06HTO no
J]:Ba OTBepCTHJI. CpeJ]:HJIJI 'IaCTb llJIaCTHH
CHJIJ>HO BorHYTa BHYTpb. Pa3MepbI nJIac-
THH 5,7 X 0,8 CM. Cepei'l,HHHaH nJIaCTHHa
npJIMoyrOJIbHOM <pOpMbI pa3MepaMH 5,9 X
2,8 CM C OTBepCTIleM B n;eHTpe (1,6 X
1,2 CM) (pIlC. 9, 3),.
96
8. AeBJITb meJIe3HbIX BTOKOB KorrHH
n;IlJIHHL(pH'IeCKOM <POpMbI. ITJITb C 060J]:-
KOM no HHmHeMY KpalO. AJIHHa 7,4-9,
J]:HaMeTp 1,4-1,7 CM. Ha J]:BYX BTOKax
OTBepCTHJI J]:JIJI rB03J]:JI (pIlC. 8, 7).
9. <1>parMeHTbI Tpex KonIlH C Y3KIlM
JIHCTOBHJ]:HbIM nepOM H HeBbICOKHM pe6-
pOM nocpeJ]:HHe (pIlC. 8, 8).
10. AeCJITJ> 6pOH30BbIX BTYJIb'IaTbIX Ha-
1\0He'IHHKOB CTpeJI. CeMJ> TpexrpaHHbIx,

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C Be60JIbmHM IT-06pa3HblM JIOiKKOM,
BHYTpeHHeM BTYJIKOH H CBHCalOIIJ;HMH
OCTpIIHMH rpaHeH. JIonacTII coeJ]:HHHIOT-
CH co BTYJIROM no)'{ OCTpbIM yrJIOM. AJIH-
Ha 2,8-3 CM (pHC. 8, 9). TpeXJIOnaCT-
Hble: a) 2 - C JIOmRO J]:O OCTPHH, CJIer-
Ra BblcTynalOIIJ;eH BTYJyKOM. JIonacTH co-
eJ]:HHHIOTCH co BTYRROH no)], OCTpbIM yr-
JIOM. Ha JIOmRe nOMeIIJ;eH TaMro06pa3HbIM
3HaR B BHAe Kocoro KpeCTa. AJIHHa Ha-
ROrre'lHHROB 3,9 CM (pHC. 8, 10);
6) OL(HH - C npHMoyrOJIblIbIM JIOiKKOM Ha
1/ 2 )],JIHHbI HaROHe'lHHKa, co BTYJIKOll: BpO-
BeHb C KOHaMH JIonaCTeH. Ha JIOiKKe
KOCOM RpeCT. AJIHHa 2,4 CM (pHC, 8, 11).
11. <I>parMeHT KJIHHKa Me'Ia HMeeT BHJ]:
Y3KOI'O BbITHHYToro TpeyrOJIbHHRa )],RH-
HOH 42, llIHpHHOM Y OCHOBaHHH 4 CM.
B Ce'IeHHH KJIHHOK JIHH30BHJ]:HOH <POpMbI
(pHC. 9, 2).
12. OHHH n;eJIbIR H <pparMeHTbI Tpex
iKeJIe3HblX HOiKeM C rop6aToM CnHHROll:.
JIe3BHe KpenHJIOCb K n;eJIbHOH rpaHeHoH
KOCTHHOH PYKOHTII npH nOMOIIJ;H TpeX-'Ie-
TbIpex meJIe3HbIX 3aKJIenOR. AJIIIHa eJIO-
1'0 HOiKa 20,7, PYROHTH 11,4 CM
(pHC. 9, 1).
13. jReJIe3HaH KOHH'leCRaH BopBapKa
co CKB03HbIM OTBepCTHeM L(HaMeTpOM B
nepxHeH 'laCTH 0,4, B HHiKHeH 0,8 CM.
BblCOTa BopBapKH 1,3, J]:HaMeTp B Bepx-
HeH 'laCTH 1, B HHmHeH 1,7 CM.
KypraH ;M 2. BbICOTa 0,5, )],HaMeTp
30 CM (pIIC. 10, 1). ITo)], HaCbIIlblO OT-
KpbIT ROJIbn;eBOM pOB J]:HaMeTpoM 24, mH-
pHHOH 0,7, rJIy6HHoH 1 M C nepeMbI'lRaMH
Ha ceBepO-3anaJ]:e H IOrO-BOCTORe IIJBpH-
BOH 0,6 H 1,2 M. Bo PBY, B paHoHe rrepe-
Mbl'IeK, 06HapYiKeHbI He06pa60TaHHbJe
KaMeHHbIe nJIHTbI, <pparMeHTbI repaRJIeH-
CKHX aM<pop, L(Ba 6pOH30BbIX nCaJIIIH (1).
B lOiKHOH 'IaCTH pBa HaJIL(eHa aHTpono-
MOp<pHaH cRH<pcRaH CTeJIa (2). B Kypra-
He OTRpbITO TPH norpe6eHHH: J]:Ba CKH<p-
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Hoce (coxpaHHJIHCb JIHllIb JKeJIe3HbIe
CK06bI (1)) JIemaJIa HarrYTCTBeHHaH rrHIIJ;a
(qacTb TYllIH 6apaHa), HOiK (2) H iKe-
JIe3HOe mHM (3). Ha JIenOH pYKe 6POH-
30BbIH rrepcTeHb (4).
1. 1I\eRe3HaH rrpHMoyrOJIbHaH cK06a
pa3MepaMH CTOpOH 3,3 MX 1,5 CM
(pHC. 16, 7). 2. meJIe3HbIM HOJK C rop-
6aTOM crrHHKoM, <raCTb pyKOHTH 06JlOMaHa.
l\JIHHOK 3aKperrJIeH n n;eJlbHOH rpaHeHoM
1\OCTHHOM PYKOHTH <reTbIpbMH iKeJIe3HbJMH
3aKJIerrKaMH. AJIHHa JIe3BHH 6,2 CM
(pnc. 21, 8). 3. 1I\eJIe3HOe qeTbIpeXrpaH-
Hoe B CeqeHHH llIHJIO, J]:epeBHHHaH PYKo-
HTb He COXpaHHJIaCb. .[(JIHHa OCTpHH
5,2 CM (pHC. 16, 9). 4. QeJIbHOJIHTOii
6poH30nbIIJ: rrepCTeHb C TOHKOH JJ;YiKKOH H
rrJIOCKHM, OBaJIbHbJM n rrJIaHe IIJ;HTKOM pa3-
MepaMH 1,2 X 1,5 CM (pHC. 16, 10).
llozpe6enue M 4 BrrYIIJ;eHO B IOro-3a-
rraJJ;HbJH ceKTOp KypraHa (pHC, 17, 1). Co-
nepllIeHO B HMe C rroJJ;60eM. BXOAl1aH HMa
OBaJIbHOH <pOpMbI pa3MepaMH 1,55 X
0,7 M opHeHTHponaHa rro JIHHHH IOrO-BOC-
TOK - cenepo.-3auaJJ;. AHo BXOJJ;HOH HMb!
C rJIy6HHbI 2,7 M rrJIanHO UOHHJKaJIOCb Ha
0,1 M KO BXOJ]:y B rrorpe6aRbHYlO KaMepy,
KOTOpbJH HaXOJ]:HJICH n cenepo-BOCTO'IHOH
CTeHKe H 6bIJI 3aKpbIT He06pa60TaHHbIMH
H3BeCTHHKOBbJMH rrJIHTaMH. OBaRbHaJl
B rrJIaHe rrorpe6aJIbHaH KaMepa pa3Mepa-
MH 1,55 X 0,7 M paCrrOJIOiKeHa rrapaJIJIeJI.b-
HO BXOJJ;HOH HMe. BbJCOTa rroJJ;60H y BXOJ]:a
0,6, y 3aJ]:HeH CTeHKH 0,2, JJ;HO Ha rJIy6H-
He 3,2 M. CKeJIeT rrOJJ;pOCTKa JIeiKaJI BbITH-
HYTO Ha crrHHe, rOJIOBOM Ha ceBepO-3anap;.
3a rOJIOBOH Ha JJ;epeBHHHOM 6JIIOJ]:e - oc-
TaTKH OT iKepTBeHHoro MHca R HOiK (1).
PHJJ;OM CTOHJIa JJ;epeBHHHaH qallIa (2).
Ha mee rrorpe6eHHoro OiKepeJIbe R3
6yc ( 3) , B03JIe rrpaBoM pyKH JIeiKaJI
HCTJIeBllIlIM KOiKaHbIM MernOqeK c aCTpa.-
raJIaMR (4).
1. llieJIe3HbJM HOiK C rop6aToii cnRH-
KOM. OT pyKOHTH COXpaHHJICH He60JIbllIOB
<pparMeHT, C J]:nYMH iKeJIe3HbIMH 3aKJIerr-
KaMH. AJIHHa KJIHHKa 7,5 CM (pHc.17,2).
2. He60JIbllIaH KpyrJIOJ]:OHHaH JJ;epeBHH-
HaH 'lama OqeHb rrJIOXOH coxpaHHOCTH.
nOJ]: KpaeM <ramH nbIcTyrr-pyqKa. AHa-
MeTp qallIH 10 CM. 3. OiKepeJlbe COCTOHJIO
H3 35 6YCHH CHHero n;neTa. B n;eHTpe-
JJ;Be 60JIbllIHe 6YCHHbI: OJJ;Ha CHHero CTeK-
JIa, JJ;pyraH Herrp03pa<rHoro CTeKJIa C 6e-
JIbIMH rJIa3KaMH, yKpallIeHHbIMH CHHHM
rrHTHbIllIKOM rrOCpeL(HHe (pHC. 17, 3);
33 rJIa3<raTbJe 6YCHHbJ, OTJIHqalOIIJ;HeCH
OT orrHcaHHOH nbIme MeHhllIHMH pa3Me-
paMH (pHC. 17, 4). 4. Ha60p aCTparaJIOB
(32). Ha OJJ;HOM aCTparaJIe 60KoBbIe rrJIOC-
KOCTH cpe3aHbI H 3amJIH<poBaHbI
(pRC. 17, 5).
II ozpe6enue M 5 BUyrneHo B lOiKHbIll
ceKTOp KypraHa. BxoJ]:HaH HMa, B rrJIaHe
OnaJIbHaH, pa3MepaMH 2,2XO,9 M opHeH-
THpOBaHa rro L(JIHHe C nOCTOKa Ha 3arra
C He60JIbllIHM OTKJIOHeHHeM K lOry. BJ]:OJIb
lOiKHOH CTeHKH Ha rJIy6HHe 3,5 M OCTaB-
JIeHa CTyrreHbKa llIHpHHOii 0,2 M. AHo

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PIIC. 17. RypraH .M 4. 1 - IInaH II pa3pe3 IIorpe6eHIIH oM 4. HHBeHTapb IIorpe6e-
HUH oM 4:
2 - Hom; 8-4 - omepenbe; I) - aCTparan. HHDeRTapb norpeoeHHa Nt 5: 6 - DTOII lIonba;
7 - Rom, 8 - CDHR)J.oDoe npacnH)J.e; 9 - HaROHeqRHH CTpe.JII>l; 10 - aonOTaa nJIaCTHRa.
BXO)],HOH HMbI Ha rJIy6HHe 3,9 M rro n;eHT-
py )],eJIHTCH Ha Be 'IaCTl'I BblcTyrroM nOJ]:-
TpeyrOJIbHOH <POpMbI BbICOTOH 0, 1, JIII-
HOM 0,6, mHplIHoH 0,7 M. Bxo)], B norpe-
6aJIbHYlO KaMepy HaXOJ]:HJICH B ceBepHoH
CTeHKe II 6bIJI 3aKpbIT BepTHKaJIbHO CTOH-
IIJ;HMH 1I3BeCTHHKOBbIMH rrJIHTaMH, Ilorpe-
6eHlre orpa6JIeHO B J]:peBHOCTH 'Iepe3
BXO)],HYIO HMY, rrJIHTbI, aaKpbIBaBIDlIe BOC-
106
TO'IHYIO 'IaCTb BXOJ]:a, oT6pollIeHbI rpa61I-
TeJIHMH. Ilorpe6aJIbHaH KaMepa rrpHMO-
yroJIbHan B rrJIaHe C 3aKpyrJIeHHbIMH yr-
JIaMH, pa3MepaMH 2,5 X 1,25 M, pacrrOJIO-
iKeHa napaJIJIeJIbHO BXO)],HOH HMe. BbIcoTa
CBOl'{a y Bxo)],a O,S, y 3aJ]:HeH CTeHKII 0,5,
)],HO Ha rJIy6HHe 4,3 M. B 3arraJ]:HoH 'IaCTII
rrOl'{60H B 3anOJIHeHHH KaMepbJ HaHJ]:eHbI
OCTaTKII HaUYTcTBeHHoH rrHIIIII, iKeJIe3-

HbIH Hom (1), rrpHCJIHn;e (2), HaKOHe'I-
HHK CTpeJIhI (3). B BOCTO'IHOH 'IaCTH-
<pparMeHThI iKeJIe3HhIX BTOKOB KorrbH n;H-
JIHHJJ:pH'leCKOH <pOpMbI (pHC. 17, 6), 30-
JIOTaH rrJIaCTHHKa ( 4), OTJ]:eJIbHbIe KOCTH
'IeJIOBe'lecKoro CKeJIeTa.
1. llieJIe3HbIH HOiK C n;eJIbHOH KOCTH-
nOH PYKOHTblO, BocbMHrpaHHoH B ce'le-
HHH. JIe3BHe C rop6aToH crrHHKoH (OCT-
pHe 06JIOMaHo) KperrHJIOCb K PYKOHTH
)],BYMH iKeJIe3HbIMH 3aKJIerrKaMH. AJIHHa
PYKOHTH 11,5 CM (pHC. 17, 7).
2. CBHHn;OBoe rrpHCJIHn;e yce'leHHO-KO-
HH'leCKOll <pOpMbI. BbIcoTa 1, J]:HaMeTp
H3)],eJIHH 2, OTBepCTHH 0,5 CM (pHC. 17, 8).
3. BPOH30BbIH TpeXJIOrraCTHhIH HaKO-
ne'lHHK CTpeJIbI C JIOiKKOM J]:O OCTPHH,
BHYTpeHHeH BTYJIKOH H CBHcalOIIJ;HMH OCT-
pHHMH rpaHeM. ARHHa 2,8 CM (pHC. 17, 9).
4. 30JIOTaH rrpHMoyrOJIbHaH rrJIaCTHHa
pa3MepaMH 5,2 Xi CM C THCHeHHbIM crrH-
paJIbHbIM opHaMeHTOM. AJIHHHbIe KpaH
rrJIaCTHHbI YKpameHbI Py6'laThIM BaJIH-
KOM. no yrJIaM 'leTblpe OTBepCTHH
(pHC. 17, 10).
nope6enue oM 6 BrrYIIJ;eHO B IOrO-BOC-
TO'lHbIH ceKTOp KypraHa (pHC. 18, 1).
OBaJIbHaH BXOJ]:HaH HMa pa3MepaMH 2,1 X
0,7xO,25 M paCmHpHJIaCb R IOrO-3arraJ]:y,
opHeHTHpOBaHa rro J]:JIHHe ceBepO-BOC-
TOK - IOrO-3arraJ]:. AHO Ha rJIy6HHe
2,4 M. B n;eHTpaJIbHOH 'laCTH HMbI )],HO
o<popMReHo B BHJW BbJCTyrra, KOTOpbIH J]:e-
JIHT HMY Ha JJ;Be 'laCTH. BxoJ]: B rrorpe-
6aJIbHYIO KaMepy HaXOJ]:HJICH B ceBepo-
3arraJ]:Holl CTeHKe. norpe6aJIbHaH KaMepa
OBaJIbHaH B IIJlaHe pa3MepaMH 1,75 Xi M,
paCrrOJIOiKeHa rrapaJIJIeJIbHO BXOJ]:HOll HMe.
AHO Ha rJIy6HHe 2,85 M. CKeJIeT pe6eHKa
JIeiKaJI Ha rrOJ]:CTHJIKe H3 KOpbI L(epeBa,
B BbITHHYTOM rrOJIOiKeHHH Ha crrHHe, 1'0-
JIOBOH Ha IOrO-3arraJ]:. B03JIe 'leperra JIe-
iKaJIa 6poH30BaH cepeiKKa (1), Ha mee
OiKepeJIbe H3 6yc (2). Ha rrpaBoM PYKe
6paCJIeT (3). PHJ]:OM JIeiKaJI OCeJIOK (4).
1. KOJIbeBaH 6pOH30BaH cepbra H3
OBaJIbHOH B Ce'leHHH rrpOBOJIORH. AHaMeTp
1,7 CM (pHC. 18, 2).
2. OiKepeRbe H3 15 pa3HOTHrrHhIX' 6y-
CHH Herrp03pa'iHOro CTeKJIa. OJ]:Ha 60JIb-
maH 6ycHHa, n;nJIHHJ]:pH'leCKOH <pOpMbI,
C 6eJIhIMH rJIa3KaMH H BbIcTyrraMH
(pHC. 18, 3); J]:Be oKpyrJIbIe, CHHero n;Be-
Ta, C pe6ep'laTOM rrOBepXHOCTblO (pHC. 18,
4); 11 - C pa3HoBeTHbIMH rJIa3KaMH,
oKpyrJIOll <POpMbI (pHC. 18, 5) JOAna -
60'IKOBHJJ;HaH, 'IepHoro n;BeTa. YKpameH-
HaH 6eJIbIMH BOJIH006pa3HbIMH rrpOiKHJI-
KaMH (pHC. 18, 6).
3. BpaCJIeT H3 KpyrJIOH B Ce'leHHH
6POH30BOH rrpOBOJIOKH C HeCOMKHYThIMH,
HO 3aXOJ]:HIIJ;HMH OJ]:HH 3a J]:pyroH KOHn;a-
MHo AHaMeTp 4,5 CM (pHC. 18, 7).
4. <DparMeHT KaMeHHoro OBaJIbHOrO
B Ce'leHHH OCeJIKa, pa3MepaMH 5,5 X
3 CM (pHC. 18, 8).
II ope6enue oM 7 (OcHoBHoe). HaxoAH-
JIOCb B n;eHTpe KypraHa. BbIKHA H3 rrorpe-
6eHHH JIeiKaJI rrOJIyKOJIbn;OM Ha J]:peBHeH
rrOBepXHOCTH. COBepmeHo B HMe C rroJ]:6o-
eM. TIpHMoyrOJIbHaH BXOJ]:HaH HMa C 3a-
KpyrJIeHHbJMH yrJIaMH pa3MepaMH 4,4X
1,4 M opHeHTHpOBaHa rro J]:JIHHe C 101'0-
BOCTOKa Ha ceBepO-3arraJ]:. ITo IOrO-3arraJ]:-
HOH CTeHKe C rRy6HHbI 0,3 M OCTaBJIeH
BbIcTyrr, HaBHcalOlIIHH HaJ]: J]:HOM. AJIHHa
0,6, mHpHHa 0,3 M. AHO Ha rJIy6HHc
2,7 M. PaCrrOJIOiKeHHbIH B ceBepO-BOCTO'l-
HOH CTeHKe BXOJ]: B rrorpeOaJIbHYIO KaMe-
py pa3J]:eJIeH Ha J]:Be 'laCTH BbIpe3aHHbIM
B MaTepHKoBoH rJIHHe CTOJI60M BbIcoToll1,
J]:JIHHOii 1, mHpHHOH 0,8 M.
ITorpe6aJIbHaH KaMepa HerrpaBHJIbHOM
B !IJIaHe <POpMbI pa3MepaMH 4,8X 1,8 M
paCrrOJIOiKeHa rrapaRJIeJIbHO BXOJ]:HOM HMe.
AHO Ha rJIy6HHe 3,15 M. BhIcoTa CBOJ]:a
1,3 M. Y IOrO-BOCTO'lHOH CTeHKH KaMepbI
OTKpbITO J]:Ba OKpyrJIbIX B rrJIaHe yrJIy6JIe-
HHH )],HaMeTpOM 0,6 H 0,4 M, rJIy6HHoH
COOTBeTCTBeHHO 0,23 H 0,11 M. B 3arrOJI-
HeHHH KaMephI HaHJ]:eHbI OTJ]:eJIbHble KOC-
TH 'IeJIOBe'leCKOro CKeJIeTa.
Ilozpe6enue M 8 BrrYIIJ;eHO B IOro-BOC-
TO'lHbIH ceKTOp (pHC. 19, 1). TIpHMO-
yrOJIbHaH BXO)],HaH HMa pa3MepaMII 2,85 X
0,6 M opHeHTHpOBaHa rro J]:JIHHe C ceBepo-
BOCTOKa Ha IOro-3arraA. ITo IOrO-BOCTO'lHOH
CTeHKe Ha rJIy6HHe 2,3 H 3,3 M OCTaB-
JIeHhI cTyrreHbKH. ITepBaH cTyrreHbKa B BH-
)],e rrOJIYOBaJIbHOrO BbIcTyrra J]:JIHHOH 0,5,
llIHpHHOM 0,3 M HaXOJ]:HJIaCb B n;eHTpe
CTeHKH, BTopaH HMeJIa llIHPHHY 0,2-
0,5 M. ITo ceBepo-3arraJ]:HoH H IOrO-3arraJ]:-
HOH CTeHKaM HMa pacmMpmlacb RO J]:HY
COOTBeTCTBeHHO Ha 0,2 H 0,6 M. AHO BXOJ]:-
HOM HMbI C rJIy6HHhI 5,55 M rrJIaBHO rro--
HHiKaJIOCb Ha 0,3 M KO BXOJ]:y B rrorpe-
6aJIbHYlO KaMepy, KOTOpbIM HaXOJ]:HJICH
B ceBepo-3arraJ]:HoM CTeHKe H ObIJI pa3J]:e-
ReH Ha )],Be 'laCTH MaTepHKoBoH orropoH
mHpHHoH 0,4 M. ITepeJ]: BXOJ]:OM rrpOCJIe-
meHa KaHaBKa U1MpHHOH 0,1-0,2, rJIy6H-
107

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PRC, 18. KypraH M 4. 1.- llJIaH II pa3pe3 IIorpe6eHlIH .M 6, IlHBeHTapb IIorpe6eHIIJI 1:
2 - 6poH30saH cepbra; 8-6 - OYCbl; 7 - q,parMeHT OCeJIRa.

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PRC, 19. RypraH M 4. 1.- IIJIaH 1l paape3 IIorpe6eHllII 1. IfHBeHTapb IIorpe6e-
HilI! M 8:
2 - aMq,opbl H HX RJIci1Ma; 3-10 - OpOR30Bble RaROHeqRHRH CTpeJI.
HOH 0,07 M C OCTaTKaMII )],epeBHHHbIX
rrJIax 3aCJIOHa.
Tparren;lIeBIIJ]:HaH B rrJIaHe KaMepa pa3-
MepaMH CTOpOH OCHOBaHlIlr 3,4 II 3,8 H 60-
KOBbIX 2,2 1.1 pacrrOJIOiKeHa rrapaJIJIeRbHO.
ijXOLJ:HOll: HMe. B pa3pe3e KaMepa HMeJIa
rrpHMoyrOJIbHYIO <POPMY. BbIcoTa KaMepbI
1,1, J]:HO C rJIy6IIHbI 6,5 M Y BXOJ]:a rrRaBHO
rrOHlIiKaJIOCb Ha 0,1 M K ceBepo-3arraJ]:HoH
3aJ]:HeH CTeHKe. B ceBepO-BOCTO'lHOM yrRY
KaMepbI CTOHJIII ABe aM<popbI (1) II 6pOH-
30BbIH KOTeJI (2) C OCTaTKaMII HarrYT-
CTBeHHOll: rrlIIIJ;H. TIorpe6eHHbIII JIeiKaJJ
BJ]:OJIb ceBepo-3arraLJ:HoH TOpn;OBOH CTeH-
KII, Ha TpaBHHoH rrOLJ:CTIIJIKe, B BbITHHY-
TOM rrOROiKeHlI1I rOJIOBOll: Ha IOrO-3arraJ]:.
B03JIe npaBOH PYKII KOR'laH CO CTpeJIaMII
(3), BTOpOII KOJI'laH y JIeBOll: PYKII (4),
Ha Horax rrorpe6eHHoro rrOHOiKlI (5). CJIe-
Ba OT rrorpe6eHHoro BJ]:OJIb CTeHKII J]:Ba
KorrbH H J]:pOTIIK (6). 3a rOJIOBOll: rraH-
n;lIpb (7). B IOfO-3arraAHOM yrJIY Ha J]:e-
109

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PIIC. 20. 11HBeHTapb rrorpe6eHHH M 8:
1 - OpOH30Bb!it KOTeJI; 2-3 - KOTIbH; 4 - )J.pOTHK; 5 - HOlli.
peBHHHOM 6JIIOJ]:e (8) BbIpe3Ka mepTBeH-
Horo MHca II HOiK (9). en paBa OT HarrYT-
CTBeHHOH nlIIIJ;1I BJ]:OJIb CTeHKII eIIJ;e OJ]:HO
KOnDe (6), CJIeBa BbIHBJIeH KpyrJIbIH
B ,nJIaHe TaHHIIK J]:lIaMeTpOM 0,2, rJIy61I-
HOH 0,3 M. B HeM JIeiKaJIa 30JIOTaH rplIB-
Ha (10).
1. repaKJIeHCKlIe aM<pOpbI: nepBaH C
oKpyrJIeHHOH <pOpMOH Koprryca II nJIe'I.
rOpJIO npHMoe, cpaBHIITeJIbHO HeBbICOKoe
C BaJIIIR006pa3HbIM nJIOCKO cpe3aHHbIM
110
2
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cBepxy BeH'IIIKOM. HOiKKa KopOTKaH,
CJIema paCllIlIpeHa BHII3Y. HlIiKmrn KpaH
cpe3aH rroJ]: yrJIOM, Ha rrOJ]:OllIBe KOHyCO-
BIIJ]:Hoe yrJIy6JIeHlIe. IToJ]: BeH'lIIKOM Bep-
TIIKaJIbHO OTTIICHYTO aHr:rII<pII'leCKOe
J]:BYXCTpO'IHOe peTporpaJ]:Hoe KJIeHMo. BbI-
COT a aM<popbI 66,5, BbJCOTa BepxHeii 'Iac-
TII 28,5, MaKCIIMaJIbHbIH J]:lIaMeTp Koprry-
ca 23,9, BeH'IIIKa 10,5, rJIy6IIHa 59,4 CM,
eMKOCTb 9,1 JI. Kopnyc BTOpOH aM<popbJ
KOHYCOBII)],HOH <pOpMbJ OKaH'IIIBaeTCH n;1I-

JIIIHpJ;PIeCKOH HOiKKOH, rrJIOCKO Cpe3aH-
HOH CHH3Y, Ha rrOJ]:OllIBe KOHYCOBHL(HOe
yrJIy6JIeHHe. rOpJIO rrpHMOe, BeH'IHK
rrJIOCKO Cpe3aH cBepxy. ITOL( BeH'IIIKOM
BepTIIKaJIbHO OTTHCHYTO peJIbe<pHOe OJ]:HO-
CTpO'IHOe rrpHMoyrOJIbHOe KJIeHMO. ¥ oc-
HOBaHIIH OJ]:HOH PY'IKH O'IeHb cJIa60e
rraJIbn;eBOe BJ]:aBJIeHHe. BbICOTa aM<popbI
69,8, BbICOTa BepxHeH 'IaCTH 30,5, MaK-
CIIMaJIbHbIH J]:HaMeTp Koprryca 24,2, BeH-
qHKa 9,8, rJIy6HHa 60,4 CM, eMKOCTb
9,5 JI (pHC. 19, 2).
2. BpoH30BbIH JIHTOH KOTeJI OBaJIbHOH
B rrJIaHe <pOpMbI C J]:BYMH rrOJIYOBaJIbHbIMH
pY'IKaMII, IIMelOIIJ;IIMII rro TplI BbIcTyrra.
Bepx KOTJIa o<popMJIeH B BIIL(e CJIema BbI-
cTyrralOero 60pTIIKa. ITPOJ]:OJIbHbIH nHa-
MeTp BepxHeH 'IaCTH 72, rrOrrepe'IHbIH
49 CM. BOKa BbIIJYKJIbIe, C BHellIHeH CTO-
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(pHC. 20, 1).
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BOH rpyrrIJbI.
I Anrpono.weUILeCKUe orrpe,I(eJIeHHH MaTe'-
pHaJIOB RyprauoB rrpOll3Be,I(eHH E. 11.. AaUllJIO-
BOll. H A. f. TIOPYIJ;RHM.
2 repoaor. HCTOpUH.- IV, 67.
3 ApxeoJ!OziJ> YI\paiHCLRoi PCP.- 1\.,
1971.- T. 2.- C. 52.
4 KOlJaJ!elJa D. CP., Myxonaa C. E. CIUIq,..
CRoe rrorpc6eHHe ROHIa VI- V BB. ,I(O 11.8. Y
C. AJIeHCaHAPOBHa / / ApeBHOCTII CTerrHOH: Clm-
q,1I1I.- KlIeB, 1982.- C. 92.
5 IDanOUJ.IiUI;Olla O. r. IIorpe6eHHe CIIllq,-
CRoro BOllna Ra p. HHrYJI II CA.- 1970.-
M 3.- C. 208-212. ,
6 lfeplienKO 6. B. CRiq,cLRi Rypranu V CT.
AO H. e. rr06J!H3Y M. iR,I(aHOBa II ApxeoJIoriH.-
1970.- T. 23.- C. 176, 177.
7 TepeflOJICKUIi A. D., RJ!buflcKaJ> R. A.,
lJeplieliKo E. B., MoaoJ!ellcKuu B. H. Clmq,clme.
RyprauLI HUROrrOJILIIJ,IlHH /1 CRHq,cRlle ,I(PCB-
HOCTlI.- KIICB, 1973.- C. 169.
8 If eplieliKO E. B. CRIlq,clme JIyqHlUm,-
I\IleB, 1981.- C. 23.
9 fCpOliOT. 11.CTOpIlII.- IV, 67.
IO Dalton O. M. The treasure of the Oxus.-
London, 1964.- Ta6JI. XIV, 48, 49; XV 51,
69, 70.
11 MeJ!IDr;olla A. 11. BoopymeHHe CRHq,OB II
CA11.- 1964.- BLIII. A 1-4.- Ta6JI. 14.
12 nerpe//.KO B. r. TIpaB06epemLe CpeARero
IIpIl,I(HerrpOBLIl B V-III BB, AO H. 8.11 CAIJ.-
1967.- BLIII. A 1-4.- Ta6JI. 26, 6; IfJ!bu//.-
CKal! B. A., TepeliOJICKu//, A. D. CRIIq,HH VII-
IV BB. AO II. <1.- KIlCB., 1983.- C. 48.
13 MeAIDKOlia A. 11. BoopYt!,eHIle CRII:POB /I
CA11.- 1964.- BmI. A 1-4.- Ta6JI. 8.
14 nerpe//.KO B. r. YHpameHIlIl CKHq,Hll
VII-III BB. AO H.8.IICAH.-1978.-BLIII.-
A 4-5.- Ta6JI. 29, 1.
15 Sparkers B. A., lalcott L. Black and
plain pottery of the 6,5 and 4 centuries B. C.II
The Athenian Agora. Results of excavations
conducted by the american shcool of classical
studies of Athens.- 1970.- P. 2, plate 27, 55,
N 617, 621.
16 CKyali06a B. M. KOMIIJIeI{C HaXOAOl{ H3
paCI{OIiOK CBIITlIJIllIIJ,a Ka611pOB B HIlMq,ee II
KCHHMK.- 1956.- BLIII. 63.- C. 128-133.
17 BacuJ!e//.Ko B. A. 0 xapaRTepe J\JIeHMe-
HIlIl repaRJIell.CRIlX aMq,op B rrepBOll. rrOJIOBIlH8
IV B. AO H. 8.11 H8.- 1974.-.M 11.- C. 6, 7.
18 llpullaJ!olla O. n., 3apaucKaJ> H. ll.. npu-
lIaJ!oll A. D. ,I:(Byrop6all MOrIlJIa II ,I:(peBIIOCTII
cTerrHoll. CKHq,llH.- PHC. 20.- C. 173.
115

H. A. raepU.//,1O'I';,
nPH)J;EHIIE Y CTEllH:b}X CKH<I>OB
JIOBIHlM ,I(BlimeHlleM PYI\ OHB Be'lIIbIll. ypOK BbIIIOJIHHJIH
JIeBaH rrpHJIKY PYI\a AepmaJIa, O,I(eTYro BOJIHOll.,
IT paBaH IIIITI\Y JIerrW, rrepCTH 1I3r1I6aH, CY'lIiJIa,
BblCTpO rraJIbeM 60JIbIIIIIM KPYTH, ee OrrpaBJIHJIa,
POBHoe BepeTeHO I\pyrOBbIM Bpam,aH ,I(BlImeHHeM;
3y6 pa60TY pOBIIHJI, HeHymHoe Bce 06pblBaH,
11 IIa HCCOXIIIIIX ry6ax IIIepCTHHble BIICeJIIi 06PblBI\iI
Te, 'lTO, MeIIIaH CyqlITb, IIa ToneHbKIIX IIIITI\ax TOp'laJIII,
B03JIe me IIor IIX JIemaJIa, xpaIIHcb B rrJIeTeIIblX IWp3IIHaX
TOHKaH IIemnaH IIIepcTb, PYHa 6eJIOCIIemHoro BOJIIla.
RaTYJIJI, LXIV, 310-319.
B rrOCJIeJ]:Hee BpeMJI B cOBeTcRoH apxeo-
JIOrlI1I 060CTplIJJCH IIHTepec R rrp06JIeMe
COOTHOllIeJIIIH X03HHCTBeHJIO-RYJIbTYPJIbIX
TlIrrOB (XltT). C aTHlIqeCKIIMII, COn;lIaJIb-
nO-KYJIbTypHbIMII II KYJIbTypnbJMII 06m;-
JIOCTHMII. STOT IIJITepep orrpeJ]:eJIHeTCR
HeCKOJIbKIIMII rrplIqlIHaMII, B TOM qlICJIe
RbJIlIqeCTBeJIHbJM pOCTOM apTe<paKTJIorO
MaTeplIaJJa (qIICJIO paCKOrraJIJIbJX JIa ceo.
rOJ]:JIRllIHIIH J]:eJIb rrorpe6eJIlIH IV B. J]:O
H. a. JIa TeppliToplI1I CTerrJIOH qaCTII Ce-
BepHoro ITplIqepHOMOpbH COCTaBJIJIeT 60-
JJee 2300), ycrrexaMII B pa3pa60TKe Teo-
plIlI aTHlIqeCKIIX II aKOJIOMlIqeCKIIX rrpo-
n;eCCOB J]:OKJIaCCOBbJX II paJIJIeKJIaCCOBbJX
06IIJ;eCTB, IICrrOJJb30BaJIlIeM apxeOJJoraMII
nOBblX j\IeTOJ]:OB IICCJIeJ]:OBaJIIIH. KaK CJJe-
J]:yeT 1I3 MaTeplIaJIOB J]:IICKYCCIIII JIa CTpa-
JIIIn;aX iKypJIaJIa «HapoJ]:bJ A31I1I II A<PPII-
KII» 0 rrpOIICXOiKJ]:eJIIIII CKII<P0B, 60JIbllI1IJI-
CTBO ee yqaCTHIIROB YBH3bJBalOT pellIeJIlIe
Borrpoca 06 aTHOreHe3e CKII<pCKOH KYJIb-
TypbI C J]:aJIbJIeHllIlIMII IICCJJeJ]:OBaJIIIHMII
RaK YJIIIBepCaJIbHoro, TaK II Crren;lIaJIb-
JIoro xapaKTepa I . BbJJ]:eJIeJIlIe XKT, CBOH-
'CTBeJIJIbJX JIapoJ]:aM, JIaCeJJHBllIlIM B CKII<p-
CKoe BpeMH CeBepHoe ITpnqepJIOMOpbe,
HX aTHlIqeCKaH xapaRTeplICTIIKa Tpe6yeT
yrJIy6JIeHJIOrO 1I3yqeJIlIH CTPYKTypbI xo-
3HHcTBa, COCTOHJIIIH aKOJIOMIIKII 06IIJ;eCTBa.
OTJ]:aBaH ce6e OTqeT B CJIOiKHOCTII aTIIX
BorrpOCOB n rrOTOMY JIe OCTaHaBJJIIBaHCb
JIa xapaKTeplICTIIKe aKOHOMlIqeCRIIX OC-
BOB CKII<pCKoro 06IIJ;eCTBa,- TeMbI, ROTO-
paH CTOIIT JIa rrOBeCTKe J]:JIH, 06paTlIMCH
R rrpRJ]:eJIIIIO RaR OJ]:JIOH 1I3 CTOpOJI rrpOlI3-
BOJ]:CTBeJIJIoii: p;eHTeJJbJIOCTII CKII<pOB.
XOTH B rrlICbMeJIJIbIX IICTOqJIIIKaX JIe
IIMeeTCR rrpHMbJX CBIIJ]:eTeJJbCTB 0 rrpHJ]:e-
HIIII II TKa'IeCTBe, IIX CYIIJ;eCTBOBaJIlIe
Y CKII<P 0B , TeM JIe MeHee, JIa,rreiKJIO rroJ]:-
TBepiKp;eHO MJIorO'IIICJIeHJIbIMII JIaXOA-
116
RaMII rrpHJ]:IIJIbJIbIX OpYJ]:IIM - rrpHCJIlIn; II
BepeTeJI. B J]:aJJbJIeHllIeM B TeXJIOJIOrlIqe-
CKOH n;errii rro cxeMe Cblpbe - rrpHJ]:e-
JIlIe - TKaqeCTBO - 1lIlITbe - TeRCTHJJb-
JIbIe 1I3J]:eJIIIH JIac 6YJ]:eT IIJITepeCOBaTb
maBJIbIM 06pa30M orrepan;IIH rrpHJ]:eHIIH,
ee OPYJ]:IIH, a TaKiKe xapaKTep CbIpbH II
rrp HiKli.
KpOMe C<POPMYJJlIpOBaHJIOH BbJIJIe 118-
JIII 06IIJ;ero xapaKTepa - rrOJ]:rOTOBIITb
MaTeplIaJIbJ J]:JIH BbJJ]:eJIeJIIIH XKT CKII<p-
CKoro 06IIJ;eCTBa, rrpeJ]:JJaraeMOe IICCJJeJ]:O-
BaHlIe CTaBIIT CJIeJ]:YIOIIJ;lIe Crren;lIaJIbJIbIe
3aJ]:a'IlI:
- pa3pa6OTaTb MeToJ]:IIKY KOMrrJIeKC-
JIOro IICCJJeJ]:OBaJIIIH opYJ]:lIii TpYJ]:a (B J]:aH-
HOM CJJyqae rrpHCJJIIn; II BepeTen) C rrplI-
BJIeqeHlIeM <popMaJJbHO-CTaTIICTII'IeCKIIX
MeTOJ]:OB II CMeiKJIbJX JIaYK;
- BbIJ]:eJIIITb OCJIOBJIbJe TlIrrbI OpYJ]:IIII
TpYJ]:a, rrpOCJIeJ]:IITb IIX rrpOIICXOiKJ]:eHlIe II
aBOJJIOn;HIO ;
- BOCC03J]:aTb crroc06 rrpJlp;eJIIIR Y CKII-
<p OB .
HecMoTpR JIa 60JIbllIYIO rJJy6lIJIY cBoeII
IICTOplIlI, rrpHJ]:eJIlIe, KaK II TKaqeCTBO,
IICCJJeJ]:OBaJIO C MeHbllIeH TIIJ;aTeJJbJIOCTblO,
qeM, HarrplIMep, CTOJJb iKe J]:peBJIlIe KY3-
JIeqHOe II rOH'lapHOe peMeCJJa. OTJ]:eJIbHbJM
acrreKTaM rrpHJ]:IIJJbHOrO rrpOMbICJIa Y CKII-
<p OB rrOCBHIIJ;eJIbJ CTaTbli S. B. HKOBeJIKO 2
II B. E. PaJ]:3IIeBCROH 3. Pe3YJIbTaTbI 1I3-
yqeHIIH rrpHJ]:eHIIH Y HaCeJJeHIIH JIeCOCTerr-
JIOH CKII<p1I1I rrpeJ]:CTaBJJeHbJ B OJ]:HOM 1I3
pa3J]:eJJOB J]:lIccepTan;1I1I B. A. illpaMKO 4.
ITpeJ]:rrplIJIIIMaeMOe IICCJJeJ]:OBaJIlIe HBJJH-
eTCH rrOrrbJTKOH rrpOaHaJJlI3lIpOBaTb II
0606IIJ;IITb MaTeplIaJIbJ rro rrpHJ]:eJIIIIO
Y rrJJeMeJI CTerrHOH CKII<pIIII.
1. HCTOqmlK1I II lueTOAIIKa IICCJIeAOBa-
HnJI. 06'beKTOM IICCJJeJ]:OBaHIIH HBIIJJIICb
rrpHCJIIIn;a, BepeTeJIa II JIeKOTOpble J]:PyrlIe

0pYAIIJI, CBJl3aHHbJe C npJlJ]:eHlIeM. ITpHC-
JIlIn; a JIBJIJIIOTCJI xapaRTepIIbIl\I aTplI6y-
TOM norpe6elflIii CRII<pCKoro BpeMeHII, a
HaXOJ]:RII BepeTeH J]:OCTaTO110 peJ]:RII. 8TO
MOiKeT 6bITb 06'bHCHeHO nJIoxoM: coxpaHH-
eMOCTblO J]:epeBa - OCHOBHoro ROHCTPYK-
n;IIOHHOro Ma TeplIaJIa 1I3J]:eJIIIH. IbY'Ie-
HlIe IIrJI n03BOJIHeT nOJIy'IIITb HeRoTopble
npeJ]:cTaBJIeHIIH 0 xapaRTepe npoJ]:YRTa
npJIJ]:eHIIJI - HIITII.
B OCHOBY CTaTblI rrOJIOiKeHbI MaTeplIa-
JIM 1I3 MOrlIJIbHIIROB IV B. J]:O H. 3. CTen-
Horo HlIiKHero 110J]:HerrpOBbJI II KpbIMa.
B rrorpe6elIIIHX rreplIoJ]:a CRII<pCROH ap-
xalIRII npHCJIIIn;a II BepeTeHa BCTpe'IaIOT-
CH RpaHHe peJ]:RO, 'ITO MOiKHO 06'bHCHIITb
Hepa3BIITOCTblO B VI B. J]:O H. a. Bepe-
TeHHoro cIIoc06a rrpHJ]:eHIIH Y CTenHbIX
CRII<p 0B .
IIocTpoeHlIe RJIaCclI<pIIRan;IIOHHOH CII-
CTeMbI, IIJIII TlIrrOJIOrlI1I npHCJIIIn; II Bepe-
Tell, OCHOBbIBaJIOCb Ha BbIJ]:eJIeHIIII Ha1I60-
JIee 3Ha'IaIIX npII3HaROB. ITOCROJIbRY
BbI60pRa rro rrpHCJIIIn;aM COCTOIIT 1I3
243 aI\3eMnJIJIpOB, a no BepeTerraM II IIr-
JIaM COOTBeTCTBeHHO H3 29 II 164 TO
CTOJIb pa3JIII'IalOIIJ;lIeCH no pa3MepaM Mac-
CIIBbI Tpe6YIOT II pa3HbIX rrOL(XOJ]:OB R IIX
1I3Y'IeHIIIO. HaXOJ]:KII BepeTeH II IIfJI 6bI-
JIll rrOJ]:BeprHYTbI cpaBHIITeJIbHO-TlIrrOJIO-
rlI'IeCROMY aHaJIII3Y, rrpJICJIIIn;a - aHaJIII-
3Y C rrplIMeHeHlIeM <popMaJIbHO-CTaTIIC-
TII'IeCRIIX MeTOJ]:OB. MbI nplIepiKlIBaJIIICb
TlIrrOBbIX rrplIeMOB 06pa60TRII L(aHHbIX, CO-
J]:epiKaIQIIXCH, HanplIMep, B PYROBOJ]:CTBe
M. If. ITeTpoBa 5. 3aMeTIIM, 'ITO pa3Mep
MaCCIIBa '(n-243 eJ]:IIHIIn;bI) 06YCJIOBJIIIBa-
eT BbICORYIO a<p<peRTIIBHOCTb IICrrOJIb30Ba-
HIIH MIIRpORaJIbRYJIHTOpa TlIna «8JIeR-
TpOHIIR8-B3-18A», Tpe6YIOIIJ;ero MIIHII-
MaJIbHbIX HaBbIROB pa60TbI nplI B03MOiK-
HOCTII opraHlI3an;1I1I n;errO'IHbIX paC'IeTOB.
BbI6opO'IHaH cpeJ]:HHH orrpeJ]:eJIHJIaCb
no q,opMYJIe
n
- 1 '\"'
x = - "-" Xi,
n ;=1
IICrrpaBJIeHHaH cpeJ]:HHH BbI60pO'IHaH
(J]:IICrrepCIIH) -
a 2 = [1 X - (1 xJln]t(n-1), (2)
cpeJ]:HHJI
HOCTb -
RBaJ]:paTII'IeCRaJl
norpellI-
(] = V a 2 ,
cpeJ]:HHJI RBaJ]:paTIITIeCRaH rrorpellIHOCTb
cpeAHero pe3y;rbTaTa 1I3MepeHIIi'J-
a- = alV11.
x
(4)
(1)
B aTIIX <popMYJIaX n - 'IIICJIO 1I3MepeHHH,
XI - i-e 1I3MepeHlIe.
HaJ]:eiKHocTb pe3YJIbTa Ta ceplIlI 1I3Me-
peHIIH (J]:oBepIITeJIbHaH BepoHTHoCTb)
nplIJIIIMaJIaCb paBIIOli p = 0,95 (3aMeTHM,
'ITO, no HallIeMY MHeHIIIO, aTa BeJIII'IIIHa
L(JIH 60JIbIIIIIHCTBa apxeOJIOrII'IeCRIIX L(aH-
HbJX JIBJIJIeTC}I 1I36bJTO'IHOH). AOBeplI-
TeJIbHble IIHTepBaJIbI onpeJ]:eJIJIJIIICb npH
'IIICJIe 1I3MepeHIIH: n> 20 c rrOMObIO
<PYHRn;1I1I JlanJIaca, a rrplI n<20 C rrOMO-
blO Roa<p<PIIn;lIeHTa CTblOJ]:eHTa. EJ]:H-
HII'IHOe M3MepeHIIe nplI3HaBaJIOCb rrpo-
MaXOM (rpy6bIM OTRJIOHeHlIeM), eCJIH
ero OTRJIOHeHlIe OT cpeJ]:Hero ypOBHH rrpe-
BOCXOJ]:IIJIO 3a. ITocJIe RoppeRTlIpoBRH ce-
plIlI (IICKJIIO'IeHlIe rrpoMaxoB), rrpOH3BO-
J]:IIJIaCb rrOBTOpHaJI ero 06pa60TKa rro (1)
II (4) <popMYJIaM II YTO'IHeHlIe J]:oBepH-
TeJIbHbIX IIHTepBaJIOB. 06bI'IHO 'IIICJIO
rrpOMaXOB He npeBbIllIaJIO 'IeTbIpex, 'ITO
CBIIJ]:eTeJIbCTByeT 0 HeOiKlIJ]:aHHO BbICOKOH
CTerreHII OJ]:HOpOJ]:HOCTII IICCJIeJ]:yeMoro
MaTeplIaJIa. ITO"lTII BO Bcex ceplIHX H3Me-
peHIIH 6bIJIa rrOJ]:TBepiKL(eHa rllrrOTe3a
o HOpMaJIbHOM (raYCCOBOM) pacnpeL(eJIe-
HIIII BepOHTHOCTII 1I3MepeHIIH reOMeTpH-
'IeCRIIX pa3MepOB II Beca rrpJICJIIIn;. 06pa-
60TaHHbIe rro 1I3JIOiKeHHOII MeTOAIIRe J]:aH-
HbIe crpyrrnlIpoBaHbI B Ta6JIIIn;e.
AJIH xapaRTeplIcTIIRII npHCJIIIn; 6bIJIII
IICrrOJIb30BaHbJ TaRiKe rrpocTbIe, HO L(O-
CTaTO'IHO TOTIHbIe <p1I31I'IeCRlIe MeTO)J:bI.
RpoMe ynoMHHYTbIX BbIllIe JIIIHeHHbIx
1I3MepeHIIH, npolI3BeJ]:eHHbIx llITaHreH-
D;lIpRYJIeM H-125 C TOTIHOCTblO )J:O 0,1 CM,
rr03BOJIIlBllIeH yBepeHHO 3a<pIIRClIpOBaTb
KOHYCHOCTb (nOpJIJ]:Ra 1: 10) CRB03HbIX
RaHaJIOB RepaMII'IeCRIIX II MeTaJIJIII'IeCRIIX
rrpHCJIIIn;, 6bIJIII rrpOlI3Be)J:eHbI B3BellIlIBa-
lllIJI R3ileJIIIII II orrpe)J:eJIeHa nJIOTHOCTb
IIX MaTeplIaJIa. ITpHCJIIIn;a B3BellIIIB8JIIICb
Ha JIa60paTopHbIx Becax TlIna BJIT -200
C TO'IHOCTblO L(O 0,05 r. ITJIOTHOCTb
MaTeplIaJIa onpe)J:eJIHJIaCb Ha aTIIX iKe
Becax MeTOJ]:OM rlIJ]:pOCTaTII'IeCRoro B3Be-
1lIIIBaHIIH. PaC'IeTHaH <popMYJIa IIMeeT
BIIJ]:
(3)
P B
P = PB-P m Pm! (5)
117

CapynnupOBali/l,Ue napaMempU npnc/lulf
KepaMHQecKHe iKeJleaHble CBnHQOBble DpOH30Bble
¥ Ce'leHHO-
M8Tepn8JI DnROHH'Ie- Y CeqeHHD- Yce'leHHO- HOH"qeCRne DnKOH"- DHROWl'le-
CRne C(jJepnqecHne HOHl1'1ecRHe KOHnqeClme C KaHHeJIJIIO- qecRl1e CRlle
paMn
Dmax 2,8::1::0,1 2,61::1::1,2 2,76::1::0,2 1,5 2,01 ::1::0,2 2,8 1,78::1::0,2
D min - - 1,4::1::0,4 0,8 0,91::1::0,1 - 0,83::1::0,1
h 2,6::1::0,1 2,38::1::0,3 2,29::1::0,3 1,3 1,26::1::0,1 2,5 1,66::1::0,3
ri max 0,51::1::0,07 TO me TO me - 0,49::1::0,04 0,5 0,5
RaHaJIa
d min 0,46::1::0,09 TO me TO me - 0,41 ::1::0,02 0,42 0,42
Macca' I' 19,43::1::3,3 16-18 28,:::I::3,2 - 22,01 ::1::2,8 33,7 17
IIJIOTHOC Tb, 2,1::1::0,08 - 10,21::1::0,37 8,27
r/cM 3
[\oJIu'1ecTBOI 86/35,4 20/8,2 1415,S 2/0,8 71/29,9 712,3 8/3,3
%
HaMeHHble !fa H O1ReK <1JparMeH- Bcero
aM(jJOI' Tbl
MaTepnaJI I C(jJepn'lecRne l.LJ:nCROBnAHble I
Y CeqeHHD- DnROHnqe- )J,nCRD-
KOH"'IeCHne CRlle ""IIHble
Dmax
D min
h
d max
KaHaJIa
d min
Macca, I'
DJIOTHOCTb,
r/c'M 3
ROJIU'lecTBol
%
2,3
2,48
2,5
1,95
0,45
0,42
22,32
2/08
2/0,8
3/1,2
rJ]:e Q - HCKOMaJI llJIOTHOCTb, P B - Bec
rrpJICJIlU( B B03J]:yxe, P 1R - Bec rrpJICJIHn;
B iKlIlIROCTII (p=l r/CM 3 ).
CpeilHHJI (crpyrrnlIpoBaHHaJI) rrJIOT-
HOCTb npJICJIIII( rr03BOJIlIT B J]:aJIbHell:llIeM
orrpellenlITb Maccy rrpJICJIIII( rro ero o6e-
MY. llOCJIeJ]:HIIH MOiKHO BbITIIICJIIITb no
reOMeTpIlTIeCKIIM pa3MepaM, 06bJTIHO npIl-
BO]:IIIMbIM B rry6JIIIKaI(IIJIX rraMJITHIIKOB.
KpoMe Toro, rrJIOTHOCTb MaTepIlaJI8 rrpJIC-
JIIII( CJIyiKIIT J]:orrOJIHIITeJIbHbJM nIlarHoc-
'fIlPYTOUIIIM rrpIl3HaKoM, n03BOJIJIIOIIJ;IIM,
narrplIMep, yBepeHHo OTJIIITIIITb MellHoe
npJICJIIII(e (pcu = 8,94 r/cM 3 ) OT 6pOH30-
BOl'O (p<8,94 r/CM 3 ). B pJIJ]:e CJIYTIaeB
MomHO o6HapymIlTb J]:e<peRTbI (TlIna IIHO-
118
2,5
2,7 2,7::1::0,2
1,3::1::0,2
1,8 2,45::1::0,2
0,52
0,52
16,7
4/1,6 5/2,1 19/9,45 243/100
1,5
P0J]:HbJX BKJIIO'IeHIIH, JIHTeHHLIX KaBepH),
MaTepIIaJIa HaXOJ]:KII.
ilpOBOJ]:IIJIOCb OpraHOJIerrTIITIeCKOe IIC-
CJIenOBaHlIe npJICJIHI(. B TIaCTHOCTII, oupa-
IIJ;aJIOCb BHIIMaHIIe Ha <PaKTYPY rrOBepx-
HOCTII, Ha cpa60TaHHOCTb KpaeB CKB03HO-
ro KaHaJIa. ilOTITII BcerJ]:a yJ]:aBaJIOCb on-
peneJIIITb «BepX» II «HII3» rrpJICJIIII( rro
HaJIIITIlI10 II3Hoca KpaJI OJ]:Horo, OObITIHO
mIlpOKoro, OTBepCTIIJI KaHaJIa. <DIIKClIpO-
BaJIOCb Ka'leCTBO TecTa, TIIJ;aTCJlbHOCTb
06pa6oTKII nOBepxHocTII II T. rr.
BOJIbllIOe BHIIM8HIIe yJ]:eJIJIJIOCb orrpe-
J]:eJIeHIIIO B3aIlMOBCTpeTIaeMOCTII npJIcJIIII(
C npyrIlMII npellMeTaMII IIHBeHTapJI. Ha-
CTOJIbHaJI rrOIlCKOBaJI CIICTeMa rr03BOJIIIJI8

orrepaTHBHO rrpOH3BOJ]:HTb rrOHCR no py-
rHM 0pYJ]:HHM TpYJ]:a, CBH3aHHbJM TaR Mil
HHa'le C upHJ]:eHlIeM, a TaKiKe C OCTaJIb-
HbIMlI rpyrrnaMH HaXOJ]:OR.
K J]:pyrHM KaTeroplIHM HaXOJ]:OR, CBH-
3aHHbIX C npHJ]:lIJIbHhJM npOJI3BOJ]:CTBOM,
B ClIJIY IIX CTaTlICTII'leCROH HenpeJ]:CTaBH-
TeJIbHOCTlI (BcpeTCHa) lIJIIl MaJIOH IIH<pOP-
MaTlIBHOCTlI (lIrJIhI) aunapaT MaTeMaTII-
leCKOH CTaTlICTlIRlI He nplIMeHHJICH.
rJIaBHbIe YCJIOBlIH nplI lIX lICCJIeJ]:OBaHIIIl
6bIJIlL..HanpaBJIeHbI Ha BbIHBJIeHlIe II aHa-
JIlI3 aHaJIOrOB. ITplI aTOM nOlICKII He orpa-
HlI'llIBaJIlICb cpaBHeHlIHMII C lI3J]:eJIlIHMII
nOrpaHlI'lHbJX ClIHXpOHHbJX KYJIbTYp.
3a rrapaJIJIeJIHMIl 06paIIJ;aJIIlCb K IICTOpll-
qeCKIIM II aTHorpa<pIl'IeCRlIM lICCJIeJ]:OBa-
HIIHM, a TaKiKe R COBpCMeHHbIM TeRC-
TIIJIbHbIM TeXHOJIOrIlHM. BOJIbllIOe 3Ha'Ie-
HlIe rrplIJ]:aBaJIOCb arpOTeXHII'leCKIlM CBe-
J]:eHIlHM 0 Bblparn;lIBaHlIll JIy6JIHbIX RYJIb-
TYp. IToCJIe IICCJIeJ]:OBaHlIH OTJ]:eJIbHbIX
rpyrrn HaXOJ]:OK 6bIJIO np01I3BeJ]:eHO 0606-
ID;eHlIe nOJIy-qeHHbIX pe3YJIbTaTOB C IJ;eJIblO
nOJIy-qeHlIH rrpeJ]:CTaBJIeHIlH 0 npIleMax
npHJ]:CJIlIH Y CTenHhJX CKlI<p0B.
2. IIp>>cJlII:Qa. HaHJ]:eHbJ B 176 113 113-
BeCTHhIX HaM norpe6eHIlH CTenHOH 'IaCTII
CeBepHoro ITpIl'lepHOMOpbH, qTO COCTaB-
JIHeT OKOJIO 20 % norpe6eHIlH IV B. J]:O
H. 8. KaK 1I3BeCTHO, npHCJIIIn;a BCTpeqa-
roTC» B lIHBeHTape TOJIbKO iKeHCKIlX no-
rpe6eHIIH 6. HeCMOTpH Ha TO, 'ITO rrplI-
MepHO TpeTbH 'laCTb Bcero KOJIIlqeCTBa
06HapYiKeHHbIX npHCJIJIIJ; npIIXOJ]:IITCH Ha
3anOJIHeHIle KaMep (32,02 %) IIJIlI BXOJ]:-
HbIX HM (3,37 %) OCTaBllIerocH 'lIICJI8
HaXOOK J]:OCTaTO'lHO J]:JIH IICCJIeJ]:OBaHlIR
RaK 3aKoHoMepHocTeH IIX nOJIOiKeHJIH B
rrorpe6eHlIIl, TaR II B3aIIMOBCTpe'laeMOCTIl
C J]:PyrlIMlI Ka TerOplIJIMIl norpe6aJIbHOrO
IIHBeHTapH.
B paHOHe roJIOBbJ HaiiJ]:eHo 75 npHCJIIlIJ;
(42,13 %). OHII BXOJ]:HT B J]:Be rpynnbI
rrorpe6aJIbHoro IlHBeHTapH: npeJ]:MeTbJ
TyaJIeTa II HanYTCTBeHHaH nlIIIJ;a. qacTb
npHCJIIln HaHJ]:eHa C 3epKaJIaMII, KpaCRa-
MIl, raJIbKaMlI J]:JIH paCTI'IpaHlIH KpaCOK,
YKpamCHlIHMII. qacTo, KaK, HarrplIMep,
B norpe6eHlIIl KypraHa N 19 rpynnhI
IIIIlpoKoe III 7, rrpHCJIIIn;e JIeiKaJIO no-
Bepx 3epKaJIa. B 15 CJIyqaHX npHCJIIIn;a
HaHJ]:eHbI C qCpHOJIaKOBbIMII COCYJ]:aMII-
IJIIKCIIJ]:aMlI, COJIOHKaMII, qallIe'lKaMII. Ta-
Roe COqeTaHJIe HHBeHTapH 60JIee xapaK-
TepHO J]:;JH MOrlIJIbHHKOB Y ceJI BIIJIbHa
YRpallHa II 3JIaTOnOJIb. B 23 CJIyqaHX
npHCJIIIn;a HaHJ]:eHbI Y rOJIOBbJ rrorpe6eH-
HOH BMeCTe C HanYTcTBeHHoH nHIIJ;eH: JIIl-
60 pHJ]:OM C J]:epeBHHHbIM rrOJ]:HOCOM, JIH60
Ha HeM. TaKoe COqeTaHlIe HHBeHTapH xa-
paKTepHo J]:JIH norpe6eHlIH Y ceJI KYT,
1lIllpoRoe, llIeB'IeHRo. IfHorJ]:a npHCJIHn;a
BXOJ]:HT B OJ]:HY rpynuy HHBeHTapH C JIerr-
HbJMII COCYJ]:aMH ('laIIJ;e MlIcKaMII). TaKoe
CO'IeTaHHe HaXOJ]:OK xapaKTepHO L(JIH
BepxHeTapacoBcRoro MOrlIJIhHIIRa.
29 npHCJIIIn; paCUOJIaraJIOCb y PYK uo-
rpe6eHHbJx: 17 - pHJ]:OM C KlICThlO JIeBOH
PyRH, 12 - pHJ]:OM C KlICTblO rrpaBoH.
B rrorpe6eHHlI M 1 KypraHa N 58
y c. BepxHeTapacoBKa npHCJIIIn;e 6bIJIO
3aiKaTO B rrpaBoH PYKe uorpe6eH-
HOH 8.
EJ]:IIHHqHbJ HaXOJ]:KH npHCJIHn; Y Hor,
rroJ]: 'IepenOM H nOJ]: rpYJ]:HOH KJIeTKOH
norpe6eHHbIX. B norpe6eHlIlI M 2 Rypra-
Ha N2 3 Y c. BorJ]:aHoBKa CBHHn;OBoe npHC-
JIIIn;e HaHJ]:cHo B KOp3IIHKe H3 KOpbI BMec-
Te C JIenHbIM COCYJ]:OM, cBHHn;OBOH nJIac-
THHOH H 6ycaMII 9.
ITpoBeJ]:eHHhIH aHaJIH3 YCJIOBHH Haxo-
J]:OK rrpHCJIIIIJ; B rrorpe6eHHHX CBIIJ]:eTeJIh-
cTByeT, 'lTO paCrrOJIOiKeHHe IIX Y rOJIOBhI
IIOrpe6eHHbIX HBJIHeTCH npeIIMyrn;ecTBeH-
HbJM. KpOMe Toro, B npeJ]:eJIax OTJ]:eJIbHhIX
MOrlIJIbHlIKOB HaMe'laIOTCH YCTOll'lIIBbIe
KOM6HHan;Ill'I npHCJIHIJ; C J]:PyrHMII KaTe-
ropHHMH norpe6aJIbHOrO HHBCHTapH. TaK,
J]:JIH 30JIOT06aJIKOBCKOro II BJIJIbHOYKpa-
JIHCKOrO MOrlIJIhHHKOB xapaKTepHbI Ha-
XOJ]:KJI rrpHCJIIIIJ; BMeCTe C qepHOJIaROBbIMH
cocyJ]:aMII. B lIHBeHTape norpe6eHlIH JI3
MOrlIJIbHlIROB y ceJI KYT, llIHpoRoe II
llIeBqeHKO npHCJIHn;a, KaK UpaBHJIO,
BCTpe'IaIOTCH C HarrYTCTBeHHOH nHIIJ;eH.
AJIH BepXHeTapaCOBCRoro MOrlIJIbHHRa
xapaKTepHO CO'leTaHlIe rrpHCJIlIIJ; II JIerr-
HbIX COCYJ]:OB.
HaMlI BhIJ]:eJIeHbI CJIeAYIOIIJ;He TlInbl
rrpHCJIHIJ;. KepaMHqeCKlIe 6lIROHJI'IeCKlIe
npHCJIHu;a 06pa30BaHbI L(BYMH yce'leHHbI-
MH KOHycaMJI npJI6JllI3JITeJIbHO OJ]:HHaIW-
BOH BbJCOTbI, COCTaBJICHHbIMlI mJIpORlIMII
OCHOBaHIIHMH (THn 1) (pHC. 1, 1). OHII
nOJIyqHJIlI H81I60JIbllIee pacrrpOCTpaHeHHe
B naMHTHIIKax CTerrHoro IToJ]:HenpoBhH.
CTaTHCTlIqeCKaH 06pa60TKa J]:aeT CJIeJ]:Y-
IOIIJ;He CpeL(HJIe OCHOBHhIX napaMeTpOB:
Bec (m) - 19,43::t:3 r, BhICOTa (h)-
2,6::t: 0, 1 CM, MaKCJIMaJIbHhIll L(lIaMeTp
(Dmaxl - 2,8::t:O,1 CM, BXOJ]:HOH II BbIXO-
11D

. 8
..... . '.
'",. .
.,;;....;..
';i1i:
9
PIIC. 1. TlIIIH IIpHCJIII 1I3 IIorpe6eHHH CTellHoH CKmpUIl.
1 - THII 1; 2, 3 - THII 2; 4 - THII 3; 5 - THII 7; 6 - THII 13; 7 - THn 4; 8, 9, 11 - THII 5; 10 - THII 8; 12-
'11m 6, (1-4, 7 - HepaMHHa; 5, 8, 9,11, 12 - eBHHe)J.; 6 - HRMeHb; 10 - opOH3a).
HOH Jl,naMeTpbI (d max H d min ) 1\aHaJIa OT-
nepCTlI:H COOTBeTCTBeHHO 0,51 :t 0,07 H
0,46:tO,09 CM (Ta6JIHa).
HeCMoTpH Ha TO, 'lTO 6UROHH'leCKOe
rrpHCJIHe CHMMeTpU'IHO OTHOCUTeJIbHO
aRBaTOpUaJIbHOrO rrOrrepe'lHOrO Ce'leHHH,
B HeM 6e3 TpYL(a MOiKHO OTJIH'lHTb
«BepXHIOIO,) U «HUiKHIOIO» 'laCTH. IIpH-
3HaROM «BepX,) HBJIHeTCH MaRCHMaJIbHbJH
L(HaMeTp OTBepCTHH RaHaJIa. PaCllIHpeHue
CRB03Horo KaHaJIa (rrpUMepHO Ha 10 %)
06HapymeHo rrpaRTU'leCRH Y Bcex 06cJIe-
L(OBaHHbIX rrpHCJIUII paccMaTpIIBael\lOrO
Turra. IIpH aTOM B rrOL(aBJIHIOJIIeM 60JIb-
llIHHCTBe UMeHHO CO CTOpOHbI ymIIpeHHO-
1'0 OTBepCTUH pacrrOJIaraeTCH XOpOllIO pa3-
JIH'lIIMaH' L(aiKe rrpH TpeXRpaTHOM YBeJIH-
'leHUII IICTepTOCTb RpaeB, 06YCJIOBJIeHHaH
MeXaHU'leC1\IIM B03L(eHCTBHeM HHTH Ha Re-
paMH1\Y.
IbroToBJIeHbJ rrpHCJIUIIa H3 rpy6011
rJIUHbl C BRJIIO'IeJIUHMU J]:peCBbI (RypraHa
.M 31, rrorpe6eHue M 1 y c. BepXHeTa-
pacoBRa), CJI 10 L(bI (BepxHeTapaCOB1\a,
RypraH .N£::I7, rrorpe6eHue .NS! 1) HJIU pac-
THTeJIbHbJX rrpuMeceH (llIeB'leHRO III.
RypraH .N£ 9, norpe6eHIIe M 2) , B IIeJIO1
TeCTO rrpHCJIII rro COCTaBY MaJIO 'leM OT-
JIU'laeTCH OT TeCTa JIerrHbIX COCYL(OB. 06-
mur rrpHCJIU rrpou3BoJJ.HJICH rrpu L(OBOJIb-
HO BbICOIWH TeMrrepaType, CJIeJ]:CTBHeM 'le-
120
1'0 HBHJIaCb 60JIbIJIaH rrJIOTHOCTb 1\epaMH-
KH, rrpH6JIHiKalOJIIaHCH K rrJIOTHOCTU Bbl-
COKOKa'leCTBeHHoro 'lepeJI1\a rOJI'lapHbIX
COCYL(OB (cpeL(Hee 3Ha'ieHUe rrJIOTHOCTI'!
MaTeplIaJIOB rrpHCJIH paBHO 2,1 :t
:to,08 r/cM 3 , 'lTO BbIllIe rrJIOTHOCTll TeCTa
06bI'lHbIX JIerrHbIX COCYL(OB). IToBbIllIeH-
HYIO rrJIOTHOCTb MaTepHaJIa rrpHCJIUII MOiK-
HO 06'bHCHHTb MeHbllIHM UX 06'beMOM rro
cpaBHeHlI10 C cocYL(aMu, 'lTO 06eCrre'IUBa-
JIO MacTepy yL(06CTBO 06iKHra U3IIeJIHH U
YJIY'lllIeHHe ero Ra'IeCTBa.
OpHaMeHTHpOBaJIHCb rrpHCJIHIIa KpaffHe
peL(Ro: 6UROHU'leCROe npHCJIHIIe H3 RYP-
raHa M 16 rrorpe6eHHH M 1 Y C. llIoJIo-
XOBO UMeJIO rrpO'lep'IeHHMH opHaMeHT ua
Tpex paL(uaJIbHO paCrrOJIOiKeHHbJX eJIO'l-
HbJX Y30POB 10.
HaXOIlRU JIpHCJIHII paCCMOTpeHHoro TH-
rra pacrrpOCTpaHeHM Ha BceH TeppHTopHH
CTerrHOH 'laCTU CeBepHoro II pU'lepHOMO-
pbH. 3L(eCb ux HaHL(eHo 86 aR3eMrrJIHpOB,
'lTO COCTaBJIHeT 35,4 % 06JIIero 'IHCJIa
rrpHCJIUII HallIeH ROJIJIeKHU. qaIIJ;e Bcero
RepaMU'leCRUe 6UROHH'leCRHe rrpHCJIHIIa
BCTpe'IaIOTCH B MaTepHaJIaX MOrUJIbHH-
ROB, pacrrOJIOmeHHbIX 6JIUiKe K rroiiMe
,[(Herrpa: BepXHeTapaCOBCRoro, HHRO-
rrOJIbCROrO, faHMaHcRoro (rro 6 aK3eMII-
JIHpOB), a TaRiKe MOrUJIbHHROB y ceJl
llIupoRoe, llIeB'leHRO, llIOJIOXOBO..

HaXOL(RU rrpJ1cJ{u rrepBoro Turra, RaK
11: JIpHCJ11l: Bo06IlIe, He xapaKTepHbI J]:JIH
rraMHTHHROB rrpeJ]:CRH<pCRoro rrepuoJ]:a
CTerrHOH 30HbI CeBepHoro IIpu'lepHoMo-
pbH. HeT 1I:X 11: B paHHecRu<pcR1I:X rrorpe-
6eH1I:Hx. Hau60JIee paUH1I:e RepaMU'leCRUe
6UROHU'leCRUe rrpHCJIUa BCTpe'IaIOTCH Ha
TeppUTOpUU IIpaB06epeiKHoM JIecoCTerr1l:
H J]:aT1I:pYIOTCH BTOpoii JIOJIOB1I:HOll VII -
rrepBoH rrOJIOBUHOH VI B. J]:O H. a. 11 3a-
TeM OHU pacnpocTpaHHIOTcH Ha BCIO JIe-
cocreb 12, a B IV B. J]:O H. a., B03MOiKHO,
H Ha CTerrb.
KepaM1I:'leCRUe c<pepH'leCRUe npHCJIUa
(TIm 2) npeL(CTaBJIeHbI U3J]:eJIUHM1I: J]:BYX
BapHaHToB: c06cTBeHHo c<pep1l:'leCKUM1I: H
c<pep01l:L(aJIbHbIM1I: yrrJIOrn;eHHbIM1I:. 110-
CJIeL(H1I:e 1I:HorJ]:a Ha3bIBalOT 60'IJeHKoB1I:J]:-
HbIMH. Bec npHCJIU 9Toro THna 16-
18 1'., CpeJ]:n1l:e pB.3Mepbl L(1I:aMeTpa
(Dmax) -2,61:!:: 1,2 CM, BbICOTbI (1)-
2,38:!:: 0,3 CM. TaR me, KaR U y rrpHCJIU
nepBoro T1I:na, RaHaJI KOHyCHbIM. B MeCTe
BbIXOL(a HHT1I:, rro I\:palO oTBepcTHH C MaR-
CHMaJIbHbIM J]:1I:aMeTpOM, 1I:MelOTCH CJIeJ]:bI
cpa60TaHHocT1I: (puc. 1, 2, 3).
B RypraHax CTerrHOM CRH<p1I:1I: HaHJ]:eBo
20 KepaM1I:'leCKUX c<pep1l:'leCK1I:X rrpHCJI1I:
(8,2 % uCCJIeJ]:oBaHHblx) (Ta6JIua). C<pe-
pH'leCRUe RepaM1I:'IeCK1I:e npHCJIUa 'lJarn;e
Bcero BCTpe'laIOTCH B MOr1l:JIbHHRaX Ha
Tepp1l:TOp1l:H COBpeMeHHbIX ,Z::(HerrporreT-
pOBCKOll H 3arropoiKcROll' 06JIaCTeH, B TO
BpeMH RaR J]:JIH MOrUJILHUROB TeppUTopHH
COBpeMeHHOH XepCOHCROM 06JIaCTU, CTerr-
Horo KpbIMa U II06YiKbH OHH He xapaK-
TepHbI,
Hau60JIee pallH1I:e HaXOJ]:KH c<pepu'lec-
K1I:X rrpHCJIUD; H3BeCTHbJ rro MaTepUaJIaM
RypraHoB 6acceHHa p. THcMuH, rL(e OH1I:
HaML(eHbl C KepaMHRoii: ma60TuHcKoro
Turra U MorYT 6bITb J]:aTllpoBaBbI rrpeJ]:-
CKII<pCR1I:M BpeMeHeM 13. B MaTepUaJIax
EeJIbCROrO ropOJ]:UIlIa rrpHCJIUa OIIucaB-
Horo T1I:rra J]:aT1I:pYIOTCH V -III BB. J]:O
H. a. 14 . B CTenb U3J]:eJIUH aToro THna rrpo-
HURalOT B Ha'laJIe IV B. J]:O H. 9.
R TpeTbeMY T1I:rry OTHOCHTCH rrpHCJI1I:a,
HMelOrn;ue <POPMY yce'IJeHHoro ROHyca
C nJIOCROH 1I:JIU oRpymoH H1I:iKHeH 'lJaCTbIO
(puc. 1, 4). CpJ]:HHH BbICOTbI npHCJIH
9Toro Turra (h) - 2,29:!:: 0,3, MaRC1I:-
MaJIbHOrO J]:HaMeTpa (Dmax) - 2,76:!::
:!::O,2. MUHlIMaJIbHOrO (D mln ) -1,4:!::0,4 CM.
Pa3MepbI KaHaJIa Bcex rJIHHHHbIX npJlc-
JI1I: nOCTOHHIIbI (Ta6JIua). vhrOTOBJIeBbI
rrpJ1CJIHIJ;a TpeTbero Tilua IIi! xopomo OT-
MY'JeHHOM r.rIIIHbI C MPJIKUMH BRJIIO'JeHHH-
MU, 06mHr paBHOMepHbIll:. B RypraHax
CTerrHoll CR1I:<P1I:1I: HaHl'{eHO 14 RepaMU'lJe-
CRHX yce'leHHO-ROH1I:'leCR1I:X npHCJI1I:n;
(5,8 %) (Ta6JIua). OHU XapaI\TepHbI
B OCHOBHOM J]:JIH rraMHTHUROB HUiKHero
IToJ]:HerrpoBbH. 3a rrpeeJIaM1I: CTerrHoro
ITOL(HerrpOBbH OHH 3a<puRcupoBaHLI B Ma-
TepUaJIax EeJIbCROrO ropOl'{urn;a 15.
Bce Tp1l: Turra RepaMU'JeCRUX rrpHCJIH
1I:3rOTOBJIHJIUCI1 <popMOBaH1I:eM 3aroToBRH
H3 CblpOM rJIUHbI U rrpORaJIbIBaHUeM ROHY-
COBHL(HbIM cTepiKHeM RaHaJIa. KOHYCOBllJJ;-
HOCTb RaHaJIa, RpOMe BblrrOJIBeH1I:H TeXIIO-
JIOr1l:'lJeCROrO Tpe60BaH1I:H - 06eCrre'leHHe
pa3'beMHOCTH npHCJI1I: U CTepiKHH,- rro-
3BOJIHJia npu aRCnJIyaTa1I:u peaJIU3OBB.Tb
TyrylO HacaJ]:RY rrpHCJIUa Ha BepeTeHO.
ITpHCJIHa qeTBepToro Tuna 1I:3rOTOBJIe-
HbI 11:3 HOiKeR rrpeHMYIlICCTBeHIlO repaK-
JIeHCRUX aM<pOP 11: HMelOT 60'leHKOBHp:-
HYIO <POPMY. BbICOTa 1I:3J]:eJI1I:H (2,45:!::
:!:: 0,2 CM) rrpeBblmaeT MaKC1I:MaJIbHblff J]:lIa-
MeTp (2,07 :!::0,2 CM). ,Z::(uaMeTpbl BepxHeH
H H1I:iKHeM rrJIOCKOCTeM COBrraL(aIOT 11: paB-
HbI 1,35:!:: 0,2 CM. UUJ}IIHJ]:pU'leCRUii Ka-
HaJI HMeeT L(uaMeTp 0,4 CM. OTCYTCTBne
ROHyCHOCTIl y rrpHCJI1I:, 1I:3rOTOBJIeHBblX
H3 HOiKeR aM<pOP, 06'bHCHHeTCH CJIOiKHO-
CTblO TeXHII'leCROH orrepa1I:1I: BbICBepJIH-
BaHIIH HeIJ;1I:JIUHJ]:pU'leCROrO RaHaJIa. B rra-
MHTH1I:KaX CTerrHOH CR1I:<pUII, rrperrMYIlIe-
CTBeHHO B MaTepHaJIaX MOrUJIbUU1\OB,
paCrrOJIOiKeHHbIX B paHOHe r. Opl'{iKOB1I:-
R1I:L(3e, T3R1I:X rrpHCJI1I:D; BaiiL(eHO meCTb
(2,1 %) (Ta6JI1I:a). HaxoJ]:Ru TaR1I:X 11:3-
L(eJIuii 06bI'IHbJ L(JIH 60crropcRux ropo-
J]:OB, B JIecoCTerr1l: iKe OHH He BCTpe'IJa-,
IOTCH.
,Z::(mr rrorpe6eHuli IV B. .11:0 H. a. CTen-
BOM 'lJaCTU CeBepHoro IIpu'lepHoMopbH
xapaRTepHb1 JJIITLIC CB1I:HOBLJe UpHCJIU-
a (69 aR3eMrrJIHpOB - 32,1 %) (Ta6JIH-
n;a). BCJIeL(CTB1I:e OJIrOBpeMeHHoro Ha-
XomL(eH1I:H B rpYHTe rrOBepXHOCTh npHC-
JIUD; rrORpLITa 6eJIOH rraTHHOH M ap0311:pO-
BaHa Ha my6uHY 0,5 MM U 6OJlee. 11HO-
rL(a CJIeJ]:bI pa3pYllIeHIIH 06HapYiKuBaIO'i
CRpblTbJe paHee L(e<peRTbI, B03H1I:1Hrr1l:C
B rrpoecce JIUTbH (rrpHcJi1l:e 11:3 rrorpe-
6eH1I:H M 2 RypraHa M 35 rpyrrrrbI IlleB-
'leHRO III). 8THM, a TaKme HaJI1I:'l1l:eM
rrpllMeceH MOiKHO 06'bHCB1I:Tb 1I:X MeHb-
mylO no cpaBHeBHIO co CnpaBO'lHblMn
121

,I\aIIBbIMH nJIOTHOCTb (p = 10,21:i:
:i: 0,57 r/cM 3 ).
B BeTHoH MeTaJIJIyprlI1I CRII<pcRoro
BpeMeHII rrplIMeHeHlIe CBIIHa HMeeT
CTporlIe XpOHOJIOrlI'leCRlIe paMI\H. AJIH
II,BeTHOH MeTaJIJIyprlIM JIecocTerrH rrpeJ]:-
CKII<pcRoro BpeMeHII CIH1HII,OBbJe CrrJIaBb!
He xapaRTepHbI. B CRII<pCROH apXaHRe
OJIOBHHUCTO-CBHHII,OBbJe XHMMRO-MeTaJI-
JIyprH'IeCRlIe rpyrrrrbI aaHHMalOT rro,l1'lII-
HeHHoe rrOJIOiKeHHe, HO yiKe B IV B. AO
H. -<'I: OJIOBHHIICTO-CBMHII;oBbIH CrrJIaB Ha
Me)'{HoH OCHOBe CTaHOBHTCH OCHOBHbJM 16.
B03MOiKIIO, :)TO 06'bHCHHeTCH YRpeIIJIeHH-
eM CBH3eH JIeCOCTerrHbIX rrJIeMeH co CTerr-
HbIMH B IV B. J]:O H. a. ITOCJle)'{HHe Ha'lH-
HalOT HrpaTb rrocpe)'{HH'leCRYIO pOJIb B
OCYIlIeCTBJIeHHH IIOCTaBOR BeTHbIX MeTaJI-
JIOB, B 'laCTHOCTH CBHHa, H3 paHoHoB
ITpHRyoaHbH H CeBepHoro KaBKa3a rrJIe-
MOHaM JIecoCTeJlH. qacTb CBHHOBoro
CbIpbH ocen:aJIa, eCTeCTBeHBO, B CTerrHbIX
paHoHax ITo)'{HerrpoBbH ---; IT06YiKbH H
MCrrOJIb30BaJIaCb MeCTHbJM HaCeJIeHHeM
)'{JIH H3rOTOBJIeHHH rrpHCJIU. 'leM H OO'bHC-
HHeTCH UX llIHpORoe pacrrpOCTpaHeHHe B
rraMHTHHRax YRa3aHHbIX TeppHTopHH rro
cpaBHeHHIO C HX He3Ha'lHTeJIbHbJM ROJIH-
'leCTBOM B JIecocTerrH. AorroJIHuTeJIbHbIM
CBH)'{eTeJIbCTBOM B rrOJIb3Y oce)'{aHHH CBHH-
OBoro CbIpbH Ha TeppHTopnH CTerrHoro
ITO)'{HerrpOBbH - II06YJ:l\bH HBJIJICTCH rro'l-
TH nOJIHOe OTcyTcTBHe TaI\HX HaXOJ]:OK B
norpe6eHI1HX CTerIJIOrO RpbIMa.
HaHOOJIee paCllpOCTpaHeHHbJH THII
CBHHII,OBbrx rrpHCJIlH COCTaBJIHIOT M3)'{eJIHR
B <popMe yce'leliHOrO ROHyca (THrr 5)
(pHC. 1,8,9, 11). CTaTHCTH'IeCRaH oopa-
60TRa )'{aeT CJIeJ]:ylOIIJ;He cpe)'{HHe HX pa3-
MepoB: Bec 22,01:i: 2,8 r, BbJCOTa 1,26:i:
:i:O,1, MaRCHMaJIbHbJH )'{HaMeTp - 2,01:i:
:i: 0,2, MMHHMaJIbHbJU 0,91 j: 0,1 CM. RaK
II Y npHCJIH rrepBbJX Tpex TurrOB, RaHa.:!
CBHHOBbJX rrpHcmr ROHYCOBH)'{HbJH-
BXO)'{HOH H BbIXOJ]:HOH J]:uaMeTpbI ero COOT-
JJ.eTCTBeIiHO paBHbJ 0,49:i: 0,04 CM IT 0,41 j:
:i:O,02 CM (TaOJIlia).
B RypraHax CTerrHOH 'laCTU CeBepHoro
llpH'lepHOMOpbH HaHJ]:eHo 51 CBUHOBoe
yce'IeHHO-KOHU'IeCKOe rrpHCJIUe (21,7 %
1I3Y<JeHHbIX) (Ta6JIHa), OHU xapaRTepHbJ
J]:JIH IUnpO'laHCROro, IUeBqeHROBCRoro,
RYTHHcRoro, HUROrrOJIbCROrO MOrUJIbHU-
KOB. CBHHoBbIe yce'leHHO-1\OHU'IeCKUe
npHCJIUn;a rrOHBJIHIOTCH B naMHTHMRax
:! ITiKBerO ITOJ]:HenpOBbH He pewee IV B.
122
J]:O H. a., rrpH'IeM HCrrOJIb30BaHIIe lI.JIH 113-
rOTOBJIeHUH aTUX U3J]:eJIMll CBMHII,a COBrra-
,l1aeT rro BpeMeHH C pacrrpOCTpaHeHlIeM
CBHHn;OBbIX peerrTOB B BeTHOll MeTaJIJIO-
06pa60TRe JIecoCTeJlM. Pa3Ho06pa3He
<POpM npHCJIH HeBemIRO M, JlO CYIlIeCTBY,
CBe)'{eHO JIUllIb R yce'leHHO-ROHU'leCROH
<popMe, XOpOllIO U3BeCTHOH rro RepaMUTle-
CRUM rrpOTOTurraM.
y Ce'leHHO-KOHU'leCRHe npHCJIIIa C KaH-
HeJIlOpaMH, pa)'{uaJIbHO paCXOJ]:HIIJ;UMUCH
OT BXO)'{Horo OTBepCTUH (THrr 6) IIpaRTU-
'leCKU He OTJIH'laIOTCH IIO paaMepaM OT
IIpHCJIU mtroro Turra (pHC. 1, 12). Oml
COCTaBJIHIOT 8,2 % (20 3R3eMIIJIHpoB) H3-
Y'leHHOH HaMH ROJIJIeRUU. HaUOOJIbllIee
ux ROJIH'leCTBO 06HapYiKeHo B rrorpeoeHu-
HX KYTHHcKoro M HUROrrOJIbCROrO MOrUJIb-
IIUROB, AJIH J]:pyrux rpYJlrr OHU He xapaR-
TepHbJ.
Ce)'{bMoii TUII COC'l'aBJIHIOT CBUHII,OBble
OUROHH'IeCRUe rrpHCJIUa, oopa30BaHHble
)'{BYMH yce'leHHbJMU KOHycaMu o)'{uHaRO-
BOH BbICOTbI, cocTahJIeHHbIMH mupORIIMU
OCHOBaHHHMU. Bec IIpHCJIUa U3 KypraHa
58 y c. BepxHeTapacoBRa 33,7 r, MaRCH-
MaJIbHbJU IIuaMeTp 2,08, BbJCOTa 2,5, )'{ua-
MeTp BXO)'{Horo OTBepCTUH KaHaJIa 0,5, BbI-
XO)'{Horo - 0,42 CM. B CTerrHbIX rraMHTHU-
Rax CRU<pUU (MorUJIbHUKU y ceJI BepXHe-
TapaCOBI\a, OTpa)'{Hoe) HaHJ]:eHo 7 aR3eMII-
JIHpOB IIpHCJIU aToro Turra (2,3 %)
(pMC. 1, 5).
ITpHCJIUa BOCbMoro THna U3rOTOBJIeHbI
U3 6pOH3bI U TaKiKe HMelOT 6UKOHU'IecKYIO
<POPMY. ITO'lTH Bce COBrraJ]:aIOT no pa3Me-
paM: cpe)'{HHH BbICOTbI 1,66:i:O,3, MaRCU-
MaJIbHOrO ll.uaMeTpa 1, 78:t 0,2, BepXHero
0,87:i:O,1, HUiKHero 0,83:t0,1 CM. RaHaJI,
KaR y 60JIbmUHCTBa KepaMU'leCKHX U
CBMHII,OBbJX rrpHCJIH, KOHYCOBU)'{HbIH,
BXO)'{HbJe U BbIXOJ]:HbJe OTBepCTHH IIO)'{-
qepKHYTbJ OOOJ]:RaMU (puc, 1, 10). XapaK-
TepHoH ocooeHHocTblO OpOH30BbJX rrpHc-
JIH HBJIHeTCH 0)'{Hooopa3ue ux pa3MepoB,
HaBon:HlIlee Ha MbJCJIb 0 TOM, 'lTO OHU U3-
rOTOBJIeHbI B OJ]:HOM eHTpe M eCJIU He B
OJ]:HOH JIUTeHHOH <popMe, TO PYRaMU O)'{HO-
ro MaCTepa.
Bce BoceMb OpOH30BbIX rrpHCJIH
(3,3 %) HaHJ]:eHbJ B KypraHax HUiKHero
TIo)'{HerrpoBbH, Ha J]:PYrux TeppUToplIHX
OHU He M3BeCTHbJ. BMeCTe C OpOH30BbJMH
IIpHCJIUaMU OOHapYiKeHbJ 'lepHOJIaROBbJe
COCY)'{bJ, u3n:eJIUH U3 30JIOTa, uHorn:a RO-
CTHHbIe HaoopHble nepeTeHa rpe'leCROrO

npOII3BOJ]:CTBa, 'ITO CBIIJ]:eTeJIbCTByeT 0 BbI-
COKOM COHaJIbHOM cTaTyce nOrpe6eHHbIX
B TaKIIX KypraHax iKeHIIJ;IIH. ITOJIOBIIHa
6POH30BbIX npHCJIII HaHJJ;eHa B MOrIIJIb-
HIlKe y C. 3JIaTOrrOJIb, JJ;Ba B BIIJIbHOYKpa-
IIHCKOM, no OJJ;HOMY B JJ;pyrlIx KypraHax
HlIiKHero ITOJ]:HenpOBbH - y ceJI 3ano-
BIITHoe, IIIIIpoKoe. KOCBeHHbJM IJOJ]:TBepm-
JJ;eHlIeM oc060I1 eHHOCTII IJpHCJIII 113
6pOH3bI HBJIHIOTCH pe3YJIbTaTbI aHaJIII3a
KOJIH'IeCTBeHHoro COCTaBa MaTepIIaJIa.
IT pejijIOJIOiKIIM, 'ITO JJ;JIH 1I3rOTOBJIeHIIH
IJpHCJIII npIIMeHHJIHCb JIIITeHHbIe 6pOH3bI
Ha OCHOBe CIJJIaBa Cu + Sn (MeJJ;b + OJIOBO)
C HeKOTOpbIMJI JJ;pyrHMII mUIIpYlOlIlIIMII
J]:06aBKaMH, B 'laCTHOCTII CBIIHOM. Co-
J]:epmaHlIe J]:pyrHx MeTaJIJIOB, COrJIaCHO
)],anHbJM T. B. BapeBOII 17, He npeBbIllIa-
JIO 1 % II 3aMeTHO He OTpamaJIOCb Ha Be-
COB OM COCTaBe MaTepMaJIa II3J]:eJIIIH. )J;JIH
CnJIaBOB, IIMelOIIJ;IIX reTeporeHHYIO CTPYK-
TYPY, 1\oun;eHTpaIIH KOMIJOHeHTa onpeJ]:e-
JIHeTCH no II3BeCTHOM <popMYJIe
C 2 = [11 - PI/P 1- 3 C i 1 (1 -
- PI/Pi) 1}(1 - PI/P2)' (6)
rJJ;e P, C, - nJIOTHOCTb II MaCCOBaH KOH-
eHTpan;IIH i-ro KOMIJOHeHTa, i= 1,.., n;
n - 'IIICJIO ROMnOHeHTOB, P - nJIOTHOCTb
CnJIaBa.
AJIH JJ;BoHHoro CnJIaBa Cu + Sn 113 (6)
rrpII p=8,27 r/cM 3 nOJIY'IIIM CSn36 %.
)J;JIH TpoHHoro CnJIaBa Cu + Sn + Pb TaKiKe
B npeJJ;IJOJIOiKeHIIII reTeporeHHocTII CTPYK-
TypbI, U3 (6) IIMeeM
C Sn = 0,36 - 0,96C Pb o (7)
C Y'IeTOM Toro, 'ITO COJ]:epiKaHIIe CBIIH-
n;a B aTIIX 6pOH3ax He npeBbIllIaeT 1 ° %,
113 (7) IJOJIY'IIIM C Sn = 36 + 26 %. B co-
OTBeTCTBIIII C Ta6JIIIeH 18, MeTaJIJI C Ta-
KIIM BbJCOKIIM COJJ;epiKaHlIeM OJIOBa llIeJI
Ha U3rOTOBJIeHIIe IJapaJ]:HbIX, J]:oporIIX II3-
JJ;eJIIIH: TIma HaBepllIIIH. O'IeBIIJJ;HO, yno-
MHHYTbJe 6pOH30BbIe IJPHCJIIIW' HBJIHIOTCH
npIIHaJJ;JIemHOCTblO npHJJ;IIJIbHOrO Ha60pa
OOraTbJX meHIIJ;IIH.
KpaHHe peJJ;KO JJ;JIH II3rOTOBJIeHIIH npHC-
JIlIn; IICIJOJIb30BaJIOCb iKeJIe30. )J;Ba yce-
'IeHHO-ROHII'leCJ\IIX iKeJIe3HbIX npHCJIIIa
COCTaBJIHIOT J]:eBHTbIH: TIIIJ aTIIX II3J]:eJIIIH
(0,8 % ). BbIcoTa IIX 1,3, MaKCIIMaJIbHbIII
J]:IIaMeTp 1,5, MIIHIIMaJIbHbIH 0,8 CM (Ta6-
JIIIa) .
KaMeHHbIe npHCJIIIa He xapaKTepHbJ
J]:JIH MOrIIJIbHHKOB CTenHOH CKH<pIIII. qe-
TbIpe II3 HHX (1,6 %) 113 KypraHoB HlIiK-
Hero ITOJJ;HeIJpOBbH IIMeJIII 6IIKOHII'IeCKYIO
<POPMY (TIIn 10). ITpHCJIIIe 113 KYTHH-
CKoro MorlIJIbHIIKa, IJO OIJHCaHHIO aBTopa
paCKonOK )J;. T. Bepe30Ba, 6bIJIO II3ro-
TOBJIeHO H3 aJIOBepIITa. OCTaJIbHbJe II3
MepreJIH II CBeTJIOrO neC'laHIIKa. Mx pa3-
MepbI - MaKCIIMaJIbHbIM JJ;IIaMeTp 2,7- 3,
BbJCOTa OT 1,8 JJ;O 2,5 CM.
)J;Ba c<pepeCKIIX npHCJIIIa (TIIn 11)
TaKiKe 1I3rOTOBJIeHbJ II3 MepremJ. * II CO-
CTaBJIHIOT 0,8 %. Bec OJJ;Horo 113 HIIX
22,32 1', MaKCIIMaJIbHbIH JJ;lIaMeTp 2,48,
BbICOTa 1,95 CM (Ta6JIIIa).
B MOrIIJIbHIIKaX CTenHoro KpbJMa HaH-
JJ;eHbI TPII JJ;IICKOBIIJJ;HbIX IJpHCJIIIa
(pnc. 1, 6), II3rOTOBJIeHHbIX 113 ceporo
neC'IaHIIKa (Ta6JIIIa) . KaHaJIbI TaKIIX
npHcml CBepJIeHbIe, IIJIIIHJ]:pII'IeCJ\He.
BbICOTa II3JJ;eJIIIH 1-1,5, JJ;IIaMeTp 2-
2,5 CM.
TaKIIM 06pa30M, KaMeJIlIhle IJpHCJIHa
He IJOJIY'lIIJIII llIHpOKoro paCIJpOCTpaneHIIH
B Kypranax CTenHOH CKII<pII1L OHII CO-
CTaBJIHIOT 4,4 % H3Y'leHIIbJX. Ho B uorpe-
6eHMHx CTenHoro KpbIMa OHII IJpc)'{cTaB-
JIeHbI J]:OBOJIbnO llIHpOKO, IJpII'leM )'{JIH
KpblMCKIIX IJaMHTHHKOB xapaRTepHbI
IIMeHHO JJ;IICKOBIIJJ;HbIe KaMeHHbIe npHc-
JIIIa.
3. BepeTeHa HBJIHIOTCH xapaKTepnbIl\I
IJpeJJ;MeTOM IIHBeHTapH iReHCKHX IJorpe-
6eHIIH CTenHoii CKII<pIIII. Haxo)'{KH eJIbIX
II peKOHCTpYKUH OCTaTKOB CJJ;eJIaJIII B03-
MOiKHbIM IIX KJIaCcII<pHKaulO. )J;eTaJIII Be-
peTeH HaH:J]:eHbI B 29 IJorpe6euIIHx IV B.
)'{O H. a. 8TO BepeTena IJHTII THnOB.
ITepBbJll: THn COCTaBJIHIOT Ha60pHbIe Be-
peTeHa II3 IJHTII - ceMII JJ;eTaJIeH, Haca-
iKeHHbIX Ha KOCTHHOH cTepiKeHb. )J;Ba yee-
'IeHHbIX ROHyca II 60'IenKoBHJ]:Hoe TeJIO
MeiKJJ;y HIIMII COCTaBJIHIOT HIIiKHlO{O TpeTb
BepeTeHa. Ha HIIiKHee OCTpHe HacaiKHBa-
JIaCb <pIIrypa B BH)'{e llIaxMaTHoH IJellIKII.
BepeTeHa nepBoro TUIJa opHaMeHTHpoBa-
JIIICb pe3HbIMII ropH30HTaJIbHbJMII JIHHIIH-
Mil, KaK, HanplIMep, BepeTeHO 113 TpeTbeH
XOMIIHOH MOrIIJIbI (plIC. 2, 2), HJIII
· OrrpeAeJIeHHH rropOA KaMHH rrpOBe)'{eHbI
KaHAHAaTOM reOJIOrO-MHHepaJIOrHqeCKHX HaYK
B. r. HROBJIeBbIM.
123




i
2

4
=
J
5
PRC. 2. BepeTeHa, 06HapymeHHHe B norpe6e-
HIUIX CTerrHoii: CI\I'Iq,I'II'1.
1, 2 - THll I (JIbBoBO, RypraH No 18, llorpe6eHHe M 1;
XOMHHa MorHJla, norpe6eHHe No 3); 3 - THn II
(AJlCI<caHl\pOnOJlb, l<aMepa VI). 4 - THn III (Tpex-
6paTHHit l<ypraH); 5, 6 - THn IV (RYJIb-06a, AJIeR-
caH)J.ponOJlb, HaMepa XI); 7 - THn V,
KOHn:eHTpIIqeCRIIMR RpyraMII (C. JIbBOBO,
RypraH M 18, rrorpe6eHIIe M 1) (pRC. 2,
1), 3aIJOJIHeHHbJMII ua HeKOTOpbJX II3J]:eJIH-
HX (RypraH M 11, IIorpe6eHIIe .M 11
rpYDnbJ BOeD y r. 0P)'{iKOHIIRII)'{3e) Kpac-
HOH RpacRoH. 113pe)'{Ra B Ha60p BXOn:IIJI
KOCTHHOH KPYiKOR - «MaXOBIIqOR». Ha
BepeTeHe II3 qMbJpeBOH MomJIbJ OH 6bJJI
rrOKpbJT JIHCTOBbJM 30JIOTOM. L!:JIIIHa co-
xpaHIIBllIeIJCH <IaCTII aToro BepeTeHa 11-
12, rrpeJ1rrOJIarael\faH JJ}IHHa BepeTeua
35-36 CM. KpoMe ynoMHHYTbJX BbJllIe, K
aToMY TIIny OTHOCHTCH BepeTeHa II3 DO-
rpe6eHIIH oM 2 RypraHa oM 11 y C. JIbBO-
BO, )J;eHHcoBoH MOrHJIbI y r. 0P}:(iKOHIIKH-
J]:3e, MeJIHTOnOJIbCRoro KypraHa 1'1 Rypra-
Ha y c. COJI)'{aTcRoe *.
Ro BTOPOMY TImy OTHOCHTCH BepeTeHa,
COCTaBJIeUHbJe H3 'leTbJpeX-rrHTII <pIIryp-
HbJX )'{eTaJIeH B BIIJ]:e RarrJIH, 60'leHRa,
llIaXMaTUOH <PIIrYpbJ 6e3 opHaMeHTa, OHII
TaKiKe HaCa iKIIBaJIIICb Ha ROCTHHOH CTep-
* BOJIee rrO,I\p06HO 0 H860pHHX BepeTeH8X
rpeqeCI\oro rrpOI'l3BO,I\CTBa - B CTaTbe E. E. c[)u-
aJilw. KOCTflHHe 1'13AeJIIDI 1'13 I,ypraHa OrY3,
rry6JIID\yeMoll B ):\8HHOM C60pHI'II\e.
124
meHb, 06pa3YH BepeTeHO, DOtJ;06Hoe Ha-
XOtJ;Ke II3 RaMepbJ VI AJIeRcaHJ]:porrOJIb-
CROro RypraHa (pIIC. 2, 3). K aTOMY Tlmy
OTHOCHTCH llIeCTb II3 IICCJIetJ;OBaHHbIX Ha-
MIl II3J]:eJIHH.
TpeTIIH TIIn COCTaBJIHIOT npOCTbIe RO-
CTHHbJe BepeTeHa TIIna HaXOJ]:RII II3 Tpex-
6paTHero RypraHa: Ha ROCTHHOH CTep-
iKeHb HaJ]:eBaJICH ROCTHHOH MaXOBIIl!OR
(pIIC. 2, 4). eDparMeHTbI TaRIIX BepeTeB
HaH)'{eHbJ B MeJIIITODOJIbCROM RypraHe.
K 'leTBepToMY TIIny BepeTeH OTHOCHT-
CH II3J]:eJIHH 1'13 cepe6pa C HIIiKHIIM ROH-
n;OM B BIIn:e 1lIIlxMaTHOH DellIRII, MaXOBIIq-
ROM II BepXYllIROH B BIIJ]:e <PIIrypKH iKII-
BOTHoro. )J;JIIIHa TaRIIX BepeTeH 33 CM
(pHC. 2, 5, 6).
ODHCaHHbIe BbIllIe II3J]:eJIHH HMelOT aHa-
JIOrH B MaTepIIaJIaX aHTIIqHbJX DaMHTHII-
ROB II H3rOTOBJIeHbJ aHTII<IHbJMH MaCTepa-
MIl 19. 3a<pIIRCHpOBaHHaH J]:JIHHa -
33 CM - HeROTOpbJX II3 HIIX M0<ReT C<III-
TaTbCH HaJ]:eiKHoH BeJIIITJIIHOH II 6bITb
rrpIIHHToH B FaqeCTBe onopHoro pa3Mepa
rrpii peROHCTpYRIIHII BepeTeH, a TaRiKe
TeXHOJIOrHII rrpOllecca npHJ]:eHIIH. L!:JIIIHY
BepeTeHa 33 CM MOiKHO nOJ]:TBep)J;HTb II3
paCCMOTpeHUH II306paiKeHHH Ha aHTH<IHOll
qepHOJIaKOBOH RepaMHKe 20, ClOiKeTbI RO-
TOpbJX CBH3aHbJ C rrpHJ]:eHIIeM. BOCDOJIb30-
BaBIIIIICb pa3MepOM CTOnbJ DpH)'{IIJIbIQRn;bJ
Ha O}:(HOM II3 PHCYHROB B Ra'leCTBe MaCllI-
Ta6a, nOJIY'laeM }:(JIJIHY BepeTeHa - 36 CM.
)1:JIHHa COBpeMeHHoro BbJCTpOraHuoro
BpyqHylO BepeTeHa, DOJIY<IeHHoro aBTO-
pOM B C, qepHoBKII HOBOCeJIIIIIROrO p-Ha
qepuoBIIIIROH 06JI., paBHa 34,5 CM. JI1060-
rrbJTHO, <ITO coxpaHIIBllIaHCH Ha60pnaH
qaCTb BepeTeH - YTOJIIIJ;eHHaH HIIiKHHH
TpeTb - IIMeeT }:(JIHHY 11-12 CM, H3 'lero
MomHO rrpen:rrOJIOiKHT:r. qTO )'{JIHHa n:eJIoro
BepeTeHa 33-36 CM.
11cCJIe)'{OBaHIIe IIHBeHTapH norpe6eHIIH
pHJ]:OBbJX 06IIJ;IIHHIIKOB CTenHOH CKH<pIIII,
II3Y<IeHlle BCTpe<IeHHbIX B HUX rrpfICJIUn;
II coxpaHHBllIHXCH )'{eTaJIeH BepeTeH DO-
3BOJIHIOT BbJ)'{eJIIITb eIIJ;e OtJ;HH - rrHTbJll
TIIIJ 113):(eJIIIll. Ero COCTaBJIHIOT op;a:IIHap-
HbJe }:(epeBHHHbIe BepeTeHa, npHCJIIIIIa OT
KOTOpbIX BCTpe'laIOTCH DO'ITII BO Bcex
meHCRHX norpe6euIIHX CTeDHOH qaCTH Ce-
BepHoro IIpll'lepHOMopbH. v!3rOTOBJIeHIIe
BepeTeH nHToro TIIrra 6bJJIO HeCJIOiKHO.
113 J]:epena (HaII60JIee rrpllrO)'{Ha )'{JIH aTOM
n;eJIli peBecHHa R6JIOHII IIJIH eOCH1J) 21
BbICTpYrIIBaJICH CTepiKeHb C YTOJIIIJ;eHIIeM

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127

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rreHU pa3BlITlIH H J]:aJIbBeHmeH ero ROB-
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CKOM rrOJ]:'beMe iRlI3HU HaCeJIeHUH aToro
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aJIeMeHTOB 3eMJIeJ]:eJIUH B aKOHOMIIKe rrJIe-
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rOBJIII MeiK)],Y CTerrHbIM KpbIMOM n KaB-
Ra3CKlIMH eHTpaMn JIOCTaBKU MeTaJIJIOB.
BepeTeHaM B rrorpe6eHuHx IJplIJ]:aBaJICR
TaRiKe pnTyaJIbHbIII acrreKT. ITpu aTOM
Ha6JIIOJ]:aIOTCH cynrecTBeHHble OTJIUTIUH B
MeCTe pacrrOJIOiReHUH nx Y TeJIa rrorpe-
6eHBOH, tJTO MOiReT YRa3bIBaTb Ha MeCT-
Hble TpaJ]:nn;UH eL(HHoro CKll<pCKOro rrorpe-
6aJIbHOrO 06pHJ]:a.
9-2992
,ZJ;JIJI CYiKneBRJI 0 XKT, COCTaBBOB:
'IaCTblO ROToporo HBJIHIOTCH J]:OMamBlIe
rrpOMbICJIbI, He06xoJ]:IIMbI J]:aJIbHeHmne IIC-
CJIeJ]:OBaHnH )],pyrnx COCTaBHbIX TIaCTeii:
HapH)J.y C pa3pa60TKOH 06IIJ;IIX BorrpOCOB
pa3BnTHH X03HiicTBa CMemaHHbJX 3eMJIe-
)],eJIbTIeCIW-CKOTOBOJ]:TIeCKnX 06IIJ;eCTB.
1 Hlfen1'>o H. B., PaeecKuu /l,. C. HeROTO-
phIe acrreRTH COCTOHHHH cRHq,cKoll. rrp06JIeMH II
HapollH AaHH II Aq,PHRH.- 1980.- oM 5.-
C. W2-107.
2 H1'>06eIiKO E. B. «CKirreTp apHi» a RYJIh-
06H II ApxeoJIoriH.- 1973.- oM 11.- C. 39-43.
3 Paoai68CbKa B. E. TexHiKa rrpHAiHHH Y
rraCeJIeHHH JIicocTerroBo'i Cldq,i'i II TaM me.-
1979.-.M 32.- C. 19-26.
4 mpaMKO B. A. XoaHll.cTBo JIeCOCTerrrrHX
rrJIeMeH BOCTOqHOll. EBporrH B clmcpcRYIO <Jrro-
xy: ABTopeq,. IIHC. ... ,!I;-pa HCT. HaYK.- RHeB,
1965.- C. 29-30.
5 neTp08 M. fl. TexHHKo-3KoHoMHqeClme
paCqeTH Ha ::IJIeKTpOHHOB MHKpoMaillHHe «8JIeK-
TpoHHKa - B3-18».- M., 1979.- 175 c.
6 BYIiRTRIi E. n. PHAoBoe HaCeJIeHHe CTerr-
HOB CKIIq,HH IV-III BB. 110 H. <J. : ABTopeq,.
IIHC. ... KaHil. HCT. HaYK.- RHeB, 1981.- C. 15.
7 q eplienKO E. B., BynRTRH, E. n. RypraH-
HaH rpyrrrra IIIHpoKoe III II RypraHH IOmHoB
XepcoHillHHhI.- RHeB, 1977.- C. 47.
8 BynRTRIi E. n., qepeoliu'l.eli1'>o H, H., Myp-
aUIi B. 10. CKHcpCKHB MOmJIhHHI( y c. BepxHe-
TapacoBKa II RypraHH IOra AHerrporreTpOBII\H-
HH.- RHeB. 1977.- C. 120.
9 Ky6b1w,e8 A. fl., /l,oporfiee6 B. A., no-
.ilUIi C. B, U op. OTqeT 0 pa60Te XepcoHcKOH
apxeoJIOmqeCKOH <JI(CrreIlIIUIIH I1A AH YCCP
B aorre cTpOHTeJIbCTBa RaxoBcKoll. opOCHTeJIh-
HOH CHCTeMH II HA MA AH YCCP.-1977/23.-
C.44.
10 BO.il1'>o6ou C. C., ma.ilo6yoo8 B. H., Jlu-
Xa'l.e8 B. A. CRHCPCKIIH MOrHJIhHHR «CJIaBHH-
Ka» y c. 1II0JIOXOBO Ha AHerrporreTpOBrr\HHe I{
RypraHHHe IIpeBHOCTH CTerrHoro TIoIIHe-
rrpoBhH.- AHerrporreTpoBcK., 1979.- C. 45.
\I K08nalieli1'>o r. T. RypraHM paHHecRIIq,-
CKOre BpeMeHII B 6acceHHe p. POCh.- RHeB,
1981.- C. 39-45, pHC. 28, 11-13; 3,11; 39,5.
12 fl.ilbUIiC1'>aJl B. A. CRIICPhI AHerrpOBCRoro
JIecocTerrRoro TIpaB06epemhJI.- RIIeB, 1968.-
C. 161; K08nalieliKo r. T. YRaa. COq.- C. 101.
13 fl.ilbUnC1'>aR B. A. PaHHeCRHcpClme Rypra-
HbI 6acceHHa p. THCMHH.- RHeB, 1975.-
C. 113, 197. Ta6JI. 8, 5; 25, 10.
14 PaOai68Cb1'>a B. E. BKaa. rrpaH.- C. 26..
15 TaM me.- C. 20. .
16 Baplfe8a T. B. UBeTHaH MeTaJIJIo06pa60T-
Ra CKIIq,CKoro BpeMeHH.- M., 1982.- C. 89, 90.
17 TaM me.- C. 17.
18 TaM me.- C. 97-121. Ta6JI. 1.
19 HK08enKO E. B. BRaa. rrpaUH.- C. 40.
20 Lexikon der Antike.- Leipzig, 1979.-
S.537.
21 BYKUlTblli08 A. /l,., FpOUle8 B. fl., Kpbl.-
./1,08 r. B. JIeca.- M., 1980.- C. 282.
22 Paoai68cbKa B. E. BKaa. rrpaIW.- C. 24,
22.
129

23 Fycee B. E., Il,Ylf/>oe M. E., :'htMa-
IiYilAb M. B. npJIeHHe rnepcTH.- M., 1960.-
C.454.
24 CrrpaBO'lIlHK llO rnepCTOllpJIAeHHIO.- M., .
1960.- C. 69,
25 Lexikon...- S. 537.
26 JIuTeUIiC1>UU E. A. opYAHJI TpYAa H
YTBapb Ha MOrHJIbHHIWB 3allaAHoll. lJIepraHM.-
M., 1978.- C. 53.
27 Ky6bzmee A. 11., J!.opoifieee B. A., no-
Aun C. B. U 8p. OneT 0 pa60Te XepcoHcIWll.
apxeoJIOrnqeCIWll. ::II\ClleAHl\HH I1A AH YCCP B
30He cTpOHTeJIbCTBa KaxoBClwll. opocHTeJIbHoll.
CHCTeMbI.- C. 44.
28 JIa60paTrfplibzu llpaKTHKYM llO MaTepHaJIo-
BeAelmro IIIBellIIOrO rrpoHaBoAcTBa.- M., 1979.-
C. 79.
29 EOli8apb H. H., AIiTolieliKo E. J!.., nuo-
po B. A. U 8p. OneT 0 paooTe HHKolloJIbCKOll.
apXeOJIOrHqeCIWll. ::IKCrreAHIIHH HayqHO-HCCJIeAO-
BaTeJIbCI\Oro CeI\Topa KfY II HA I1A AH
YCCP.- 1977/80.- C. 40.
30 A6aee B. 11. OceTHHClmll. JI3MK H i{JOJIb-
I\JIOp.- M.; JI., 1949.- C. 54.
31 Il,euTAuli E. A. OqepKH HCTOpHH TeK-
CTHJIbHOll. TeXIIHlm.- M. ; JI., 1940.- C. 14-18.
32 BaCUAeliKo B. H. ITpJIAeHHe H TKaqeCTBO
B 3ellbROBCIWM H MHpropOACKOM yeaAax.-
ITOJITaBa, 1900.- BMrr. 1; JIe6e8eea H. 1/. Oqe-
B 1980 r. TaBpM'IeCKOH aKcrreJ]:MqMeH rrpH
HCCJIeJ]:OBaHMH KypraHa OrY3 6bma OTKpbJ-
Ta HOBaH llfOfHJIa - CeBepHaH I. XOTH
MorMJIa OKa3aJIaCb orpa6JIeHHOH, B 3arrOJI-
HeHMM BXOJ]:HOii HMbJ II rrOrpe6aJIbHOrr Ka-
MepbJ YJ]:aJIOCb c06paTb MHoro OCTaTKOB
rrorpe6aJIbHOrO HHBeHTapH. CpeJ]:M Haxo-
J]:OK J]:OMMHMpOBaJIU J]:Be KaTeropMM rrpeJ]:-
MeTOB: 30JIOTbJe YKpallIeHMH (OKOJIO rrHTM
TbICHq) H pa3Ho06pa3HbJe KOCTHHbJe H3J]:e-
JIMH (OKOJIO 1600 llITYK).
[(eJIb HacTOHIIJ;eH pa60TbI - BbJJ]:eJIHTb
H paCCMOTpeTb OCHOBHbIe KaTeropMM KO-
CTHHbIX M3J]:eJIHll, HallJ]:eHHbJX B CeBepHOH
Monme KypraHa OrY3.
Bce KOCTHHbIe M3J]:eJIMH M3 KypraHa
MOiKHO pa3J]:eJIIITb Ha HeCKOJIbKO KaTero-
pMH B COOTBeTCTBMM C HX <PYHKMOHaJIb-
HbIM M XYJ]:OiKeCTBeHHbJM Ha3Ha'IeHMeM:
0pYJ]:IIH TpYJ]:a, rrpeJ]:MeTbJ TyaJIeTa, J]:eTa-
JIM J]:epeBHHHoro capKO<para, rrpeJ]:MeTbJ
HeM3BeCTHorO Ha3Ha'IeHMH.
K rrepBOH KaTerOpMH KOCTHHbIX rrpeJ]:-
MeTOB, HaHJ]:eHHbIX B CeBepHOH MOrMJIe,
OTHOCHTCH qaCTM CJIOiKHOrO COCTaBHOrO
BepeTeHa rpe'IeCKOrO THrra.
130
peAHble BOllpOCbI HayqeHHJI rrpJIAeHHJI H TI\a'l8-
CTBa.- M., 1929.- 20 C.
33 KaTYAA Fau BaAepuu. CTHxoTBOpeHHJI /
ITep. C. llIepBHHcKoro.- M., 1963.- C. 109-
110; illaMY <P. fp'bllKaTa IHBHJIHaallHJI rrpe3
apXaH'IHaTa H I\JIaCHqI>aTa elloxa.- COi{JHJI,
1979.- PHC. 143.- C. 260.
34 JIYPbe 11., JIRnYlioea K., MaTbe M., nUOT-
poecKuu E., <PAuTTliep H. OqepKH llO HCTOpHH
TeXHHKH ApeBHero BocTOI\a.- M. ; JI., 1940.-
PHC. 95.- C. 211.
35 Fycee B. E., Il,YlfKoe M. E., 3MMa-
IiY3Ab M. B. YKaa. COq.- C. 446.
36 JIuTeUIiC1>UU E. A. YI\aa. CO'l.- C. 41-42.
37 BaCUAeliKo B. 11. YKaa. COq.- C. 23.
38 A6ael!, B. 11. YI\aa. COq.- C. 166, 170.
39 J!.oeaTYP A. 11., KaAAUCToe J!.. n., illumo-
ea 11. A. HapOAbI IIarnell. CTpaHM B «I1cTopmn
fepOAOTa.- M., 1982.- C. 127.
4Q )/i"YKoecKuu n. M. KyJIbTypHMe paCTeHHJI
H HX COPOAHqH.- JI., 1964.- C. 456.
41 KOliOnAR.- 1963.- C. 38.
42 T epelio:J/C1>UIi A. 11. OOIIeCTBeHHMn CTpon
clmi{JoB II Clmi{JM H CapMaTM.- KHeB, 1977.-
C. 3-29.
43 KOlionAR.- C. 98.
44 TaM me.- C. 6, 226.
45 J!.oeaTYP A. 11., KaAAucToe J!.. n., illu-
moea 11. A. YHaa. COq.- C. 127.
E. E. C/Jua.f/,/w
HOCTHHbIE H3)J;EJIHH
H3 Hypr AHA OrY3
CTepiKeHb BepeTeHa He cOXpaHMJICJI, CO-
XpaHMJIOCb HaBepJIJHe M TPM HacaJ]:KM Be-
peTeHa (pMC. 1, 1). HaBepllIMe CJIOiKHOH
KOH<pMrypan;MM BbITO'IeHO Ha TOKapHoM
CTaHKe B BMJ]:P «llIaXMaTHOH» <PMrypRM co
CKB03HbJM oTBepcTMeM, B cpeJ]:HeH M HMiK-
HeH 'IaCTHX o<popMJIeHO TpeMH peJIbe<pHbJ-
MH rrOHCKaMM. BbJCOTa ero 2,7, J]:MaMeTp
OCHOBaHMH 1,8, J]:HaMeTp BepxHeH 'Iac-
TM 0,8, OTBepCTMH 0,4 CM.
HacaJ]:Ka B <popMe, 6JIM3KOH rpYllIeBMJ]:-
HOH C rrJIOCKMM oCHoBaHMeM, oTJ]:eJIeHHbJM
rJIy60KoH KaHaBKOM, BepxHHH qaCTb
o<popMJIeHa BbICOKMM 60pTMKOM, rro ee
J]:JIMHHOH OCM rrpOCBepJIeHO CKB03Hoe OT-
BepCTMe. CpeJ]:HHH 'IaCTb YKpallIeHa TpeMH
ropM30HTaJIbHbJMM KOJIbeBbJMM JIMHMHMM.
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HMH 0,2, J]:MaMeTpbJ OCHOBaHMH 1,3, Bepx-
HeH qaCTM 0,6, OTBepCTMH 0,4 CM.
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'IeCKMM OCHOBaHMeM M CKB03HbIM oTBep-
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KOHyca co CJIerKa BorHYTOH rrOBepx-

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Ta 3,4, )],MaMeTpbI HMiKHero OCHOBaHMH 1,7,
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caJ]:Ka HeCKOJIbKO OTJIHqaeTCH OT OCTaJIb-
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BbIIJOJIHerra B MHOM CTHJIe. BrrOJIHe B03-
MOiKHO, 'ITO B rrorpe6eHHH 6bIJIO BTopoe
BepeTeHO,  KOTOPOMY H OTHOCHTCH na
Haca)'{Ka. HaXO)'{KH J]:BYX BepeTeH B O)'{HOM
rrorpe6eHHM 3a<pHKCHpOBaHbI B MeJII1TO-
rrOJIbCKOM KypraHe II KypraHe .M 2 Y
c. (BOJIbmaH 3HaMeHKa, pacKorraHHoM
H. M. BOJl)'{MHbJM B 1979 r.
IIpHJ]:eHHe H TKa'IeCTBO HBJIHJIHCb OJ]:-
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iKeHIIJ;HH. 06 nOM CBI1J]:eTeJIbCTByIOT J]:O-
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rrpHCJIH M )],eTaJIeH BepeTeH B iKeHCKHX
rrorpe6eHIiIHX. ITpRJ]:eHue OCYIIJ;eCTBJIHJIOCb
rrpH IJOMOIIJ;H BepeTeH, cHa6iKeHHbIX KOC-
THHbIMIiI, rJIMHHHbIMH, peiKe KaMeHHbIMI1
MJIM MeTaJIJIMqeCKHMH rrpHCJIlilnaMM 2. Rpo-
Me 06blqHbJX ,!(epeBHHHbIX BepeTeH, CKH-
<pHHKI1 'IaCTO nOJIb30BaJIIiICb KQCTHHbIMH II
MeTaJIJIHqeCKI1MM CJIOiKHbIMH Ha60pHbIMH
BepeTeHaMH rpeqeCKOrO THrra 3.
He3aBMCl1MO OT MaTepMaJIa, rrOJ]:06HbIe
BepeTeHa COCTOHJIIiI M3 CTepiKHH M He-
CROJIhKIiIX Haca)'{OK II rrpHCJIl1n;. <DopMa H
BeJIlI'lHHa IiIX 6bIJIH caMbIMH pa3Ho06pa3-
HbJMI1 M 3aBMCeJIM OT rrpOqHOCTH rrpHJ]:HJIb-
Horo MaTeplilaJ.Ia H OT Tpe6yeMoM TOJIII(H-
HbI HHTH. 3TMM iKe 06YCJIOBJIHBaJIOCb iii
1\OJIM'IeCTBO npHCJIHil Ha O)'{HOM CTepiKHe 4.
HaXOJ]:I\IiI aHaJIOrH'IHbIX BepeTeH 06bIq-
HbI )'{JIH 60raTbIx iKeHCKIiIX rrorpe6eHHll
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HOBCROH 060raTMTeJIbHOH <pa6PHKIiI Ha
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Ta) 5. CJIOiKHOe Ha60pHoe BepeTeHO, co-
CTOHIJIee 1i13 CTepiKHH R Tpex lIeTaJIeH,
YKpallIeHHbIX Hape3HbIMH JWHneHTpIIqeC-
KHMM iKeJI06KaMIiI (pHC. 1, 10), Halln:eHo
B rrorpe6eHMIiI .M 3 XOMHHOH MOfHJIbI 6 .
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mHeM iii TpeMH rrJIOCKMMH ROJIhn;aMH-Ha-
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MY BepeTeHO, COCTOHIIJ;ee M3 CTepiKHH, Ha-
9*
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2), HaH)],eHo B BOCTOqHOH MorMJIe Bep-
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J]:HT M3 KaMepbI IV AJIeKcaH)],porrOJIbCKOrO
KypraHa 9 (pHC. 1, 8).
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BepeTeH 6bIJIH HaHJ]:eHbI B rrorpe6eHHH
.M 1 r>:ypraRa .N' 18 10 (pl1c. 1, 3) M rro-
rpe6eHHH .M 2 KypraHa .M 11 11 (Pl1c. 1,
4) y C. JhBOBO BepHCJIaBCKOro p-Ha
XepcoHcKOH 06JI., B rrorpe6eHMM .M 2
KypraHa .M '8 y c. BOJIqaHCK 12 (pMC. 1,
5) iii B rrorpe6eHHH .M 1 KypraHa .M 4 y
c. BJIa)'{I1MlilpOBKa 13 AKMMOBCKoro p-Ha
3arropOiKCKOH 06JI. (pMC. 1, 7). ,[(Ba KO-
CTHHbIX CTepiKHH C TpeMH KOCTHHbJMM Ha-
caJ]:KaMJI ()'{Ba H3 HHX YKpameHbI «rrJIe-
TeHKoH») rrpOHCXO)'{HT H3 rrorpe6eHMH
.M 1 MeJIMTOrrOJIbCKOrO KypraHa 14. CJIe-
)],yeT OTMeTHTb, 'ITO BrrepBbIe OHM 6bIJIH
orry6JIHKOBaHbI KaK KOCTHHbJe rrOJJ;eJIKH,
rroxoiKMe Ha 6YJIaBKY 15. 3. B. HKoBeHKo
TpaKTyeT MX KaK CTepiKHM BepeTeH co
CJIOiKHorrpo<pIiIJIbHbIM OKOHqaHHeM 16. ,[(Ba
H1l6opHbIX BepeTeHa - O)'{HO C HaBepllIH-
eM, llIeCThlO HacaJ]:KaMM II. CJIOiKHOrrpo-
<pHJIbHbIM OKOHqaHHeM iii BTopoe, XY)'{llIeH
coxpaHHOCTH, C HaBepllIHeM iii qeTbIpbMH
Haca)'{KaMM, YKpallIeHHbIMH B 060lilX CJIY-
qaHX n;HpRYJIbHbIM opHaMeHTOM M KOH-
eHTpHqeCKHMH Hape3HbIMH iKeJI06Ka-
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aTTMqeCKOM JIeKIiI<pe VI B. J]:O H. a. H3
MeTpOrrOJIIiITeH MY3eH B HblO-nOpKe, HJI-
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TH 17. RaR CBIiI)'{eTeJIbCTBYIOT nHorpa<pH-
qeCKMe )'{aHHbJe, <popMa BepeTeHa. RaK H
caM rrpMHMIJ rrpHJ]:eHIiIH, COXpaHMJIIiICb
BrrJIOTb )'{O HallIHX J]:HeM (pIilC. 2).
HecMoTpH Ha TO, qTO rrpHMbIX aHaJIO-
rHH BepeTeBY H3 OrY3a rrOKa He HaHJ]:e-
HO, MOiKHO OTMeTHTb, 'ITO IJOJ]:06HbIe CJIOiK-
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BCTpeqalOTCH B rrorpe6eHHRx CRIiI<pHHOK.
ITplilqeM, CY)'{H rro corrYTCTBylOlueMY MH-
BeHTaplO H KaqeCTBY caMHX BepeTeH. HMIiI
rrOJIb30BaJIHCb He TOJIbKO rrpOCTbIe (pH)'{O-
BbIe) iKeHIIJ;HHbI, HO iii rrpeJ]:CTaBHTeJIbHI1-
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TH 0 3arrOJIllpOBaHa C 06eHX CTOpOH.
npHMbIX alIaJIOrHH aTOH HaXOAKe MLI He
3HaeM. OT):\aJIeHHO ee HarrOMnHaeT 30JlO-
TOH npen:MeT, HaHAeHHbJii r. AIIIHKOM B
1838 r. B HJIHTOBOll rp06HIIn;e Ha Bocnope.
HHmHHH 'qaCTb ero nO'ITH TaKaH iKe,
nepXHlO1O BeH'IaeT M3JIeHhRaH <porypRa
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):\JIH 'IIICTKH HorTeif l8 .
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B. lllKOprrIlJIOIII n aeMJIHHOii rp06HIIn;e, OT-
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8 1908 r. (puc. 3, 3). OH npeCTaBJIHJI
c060ii 6poHaonylO naJIOqKY C YTOJImeHHbIM
ROnI(OM. KOTopaH 6blJIa rrplICJIOHeHa K
rJIHrrH110MY 6aJIb3a!llapmo. AnTop IIHllIeT.
'ITO nOCKOJIbKY «B COCYAIIIm OKaaaJIaCh
6eJIaH KpaCKa, TO HymHO npellrrOJIOiKHTb,
'ITO 6pOH30naJl rraJIO'IRa. R KOTOpOll npll-
BJl3bmaJIaCb KaRaH-HII6YAb MaTeplIH, CJIY-
,.Klma opYJ]:ue11 AJIH HaTupaHnH JInI(a 6e-
JIHJIaMHJ) 19. H3)],eJIne II3 Oryaa, nll}J;lll>IO,
HBJlHeTCH TyaJIeTHOiI lIaJIO'IROH llJIll JIO-
rraTO'IKOH.
I\ :noiI me KaTeropHH Bem:ell OTHOCHTCH
ROCTHHhle eTaJIH J{epeJJHHHoro JIapI(a
(pMC. 4, la). HeAaBHJlH ny6JI1IKan;uH JIap-
1
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PHC. 3. TyaJIeTHHe nOnaTO'IRH:
1 - RypraH OrY3 (Mocn); Z - Bocnop, 1838 r. (30-
HOTO); a - Repqh, 1908 r. «(\poH3a).
Ita H36aBJIJleT Hac OT He06xoJJ;IIMOCTH npH-
BO.nnTL 3J]:eCL ero OIIHcaHHe 20.
HalI60JIee MaCCOBYIO KaTeropHIO KOCTJI-
HbIX HaXOJ]:OK 113 OrY3a COCTaBJIHIOT 8bI-
pe3aHHbIe no ROHTYPY H rpannpOnaHHLIe
IIJIaCTlIlIRH 113 CJIOHOBOll H npOCTOH Tpy6-
qaTOII KOCTH, ROTopbIe CJIeJJ;yeT paCCMaT-
pRBan RaR HaRJIa):\KR Ha ):\epenHHlIbIU
capKO<par.
CJIY'Ian HaXOJJ;OR JJ;epeBJlHHLIX capRO<pa-
rOB AOnOJIbHO peJJ;KH. B cn:mfJcRm:: Kypra-
Ha).. OHU, I\aR npaBHJIO, CIIJILHO pa3pyme-
HbI, aaqaCTYIO 0 CYIIJ;eCTBOnalInn JJX B MO-
rHJIe MomHO CY)],HTb JIIIIIJL no IwcneHUbIM
AaHHbJM - CJIenaM J{epenHHnoro TJIeHa,
OTlIe'laTKaM I>paCOR rra nOJIY IWMepbI,
<fJparMenTaM KOCTHHbIX HaKJIaJ{Hhl'\': IIJlac-
THR n aJIe6aCTpOBbIX YKpamenIIll II T. J]:.
fopaa;J;o JIY'IllIe co,<pamlJIliCb capKo<fJarH,
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pa. OnII II J]:alOT B03MomnOCTb CYllIlTb 0
<popMe II HeKOTopbIX KOHCTpYKTunHbIX H
opHaMeHTaJIbHbH. oc06eHHOCTHX capKoq,a-
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o ROHCTpYKD;Hn capRo<para H3 CeBep-
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1- HypraH Orya, CeBepH8H Morlw8; ;! - Bepi1.IIHCHlIll Hypr8H, BOCTO'lH8H Morlw8; 3 - C. JIbBOBO, Hyp'raH
M 18, norpeoeHlle M 1; 4 - C. JIbBOBO, Hypr8H;N\ 11, norpeoeHlle X. 2; 5 - C. B0J1'18HCH, Hypr8H No 8, norpe-
oeHne No 2; 6 - c. BemlR8H 3H8MeHHa, Hypr8H No 2. norpeoeHne No 1; 7 - C. BJ18I1nMnpoBR8, HypraH No 4,
norpeoeHneNo 1; 8-RypraH AJ1eHC8HIIPOn0J1b. H8Mepa IV; 9-r. Op)J.HwHnHnIl3e, Hypr8H No 11; 10-XOMII-
H8 MornJ1a, norpeoeHne No 3.
Bo BTOPOH KaTerOpHM M3J]:eJIHH H3 KOC-
TH MOiRHO BbIJ]:eJIHTb CJIe)'{ylOIIJ;He: KOCTH-
HaH rrOn:eRKa, KOCTHHbIe J]:eTaJIH ,[(epeBHH-
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ee 06JIOMaHa. BHemHe OHa HarrOMHHaeT
132
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pY'IKa, 'IYTb pacmIIpeHHaH B cpeJ]:HeM qac-
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He rrepeXOJ]:IIT B HaBepllIHe, O<popMJIeH-
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MOTMBaMM (6 - 12 3K3.; 7 - 33K3.; 8 - 11 3H3.; 9 - 9 9K3.; 10 - 5 3K3.; 11 - 7 3K3.; 12 - 13 3H3.;
13 - 4 3H3.; 14 - 3 9K3.; 15 - 10 3K3.; 16 - 9 9K3.; 17 - 7 3K3.; 18 -5 9K3.; 19 - 116 9K3.; 20-
76 9K3.; 21- 5 3H3.; 22 - 4 &K3.; 23 - 6 3H3.; 24 - 3 9K3.; 25 - 4 3K3.; 26 - 6 3H3.; 27 - 2 9K3.;
28 - 4 3H3.; 29 - 8 3K3.; 30 - 15 9K3.; 31 - 257 3K3.; 32 - 1 3K3.; 33 - 4 3K3.; 34 - 2 3H3.; 35-
2 3H3.; 36 - 4 9K3.; 37 - 549K3.; 38 - 60 3K3.; 39 - 5 OOJIbWMX M 55 MeJIKMx).
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OHe IIJ;IiIKOROTKH - rrOHCOK; H306pameHHH
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135

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136
tI306pameHbI aMa30HKH n xapaKTepHhIX
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CTHHble JI3)J:eRJIH, KaK iii BeCb IJOrpe6aRb-
HbIH IiIHBeHTapb, Ylia3bJBalOT Ha TO, qTO
CeBepHaH MorlilRa HBRHRaCb YCbIJJaRbHIiI-
n:eii: iKeHUlIiIHbI, rrplilHaJJ:ReiKaBmeiI BhJC-
meH pon:OIJReMeHHOH rrpOCROHKe CKIiI<pCKO-
ro 06UleCTBa, IJon:BepmeHHOH rrpon:eccy
HHTeHCJIBHOM aRRIiIHH3an:IiIH B KOHn;e
IV B. J]:O H. a.
] BOJlTpUK lO. B. HCCJICilOBaIIlfe Kypralfa
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2 PafJaie8cbKa B. e. TeXHiKa rrpHAiHHH y
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3 HK08eHKO E. B. CKii{JH CxiAHoro KplfMY B
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4 m paJttKO B. A. XoaHllCTBO JIeCOCTerrHHx
rrJIeMeH BOCTO'IHOH EBporrbI B CKIfq,CKYro ::Irro-
xy: ABTopei{J. AIfC. ... A-pa If CT. HayK.- KIfCB,
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5 TepeliO:JICKUn A. II., l1J1buncKaR B. A.,
fJ epneHKO E. B., Moao./te8cKuu B. H. CKIiIq,cKHe
KypraIIbI HIfKOrrOJIbIqIfHH II CKHi{Jclme JlpeB-
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6 MoaOJle8CKUU B. H. CKIfi{JcKlfe rrorpeoeHIfH
y c. HaropIIoe 6JIHa r. OpilmOlIlfKIfAae Ha
AHerrporreTpOBID;IfHe II TaM me.- C. 231.-
PHC. 37, 15.
7 BeCCOH08a C. C. IIorpe6eHlfe IV B. AO H. ::I.
Ha Tpex6paTHero KypraHa /1 TaM me.-
C. 251.- PHC. 7,3.
10*
8 fJepefJHU'leHKO H. H. OTqeT 0 paCKOUKax
EepAHIICKoro I\ypraIra 1977-78 1'1'.11 HA I1A
AH YCCP.- HHB. .M 1977-78/9 a .- C. 37.
9 AfC.- Crr6., 1866.- BMU. 1.- Ta6JI.
XI, 19.
10 HA HA AH YCCP.- I1HB. oM 1977/23.-
AJIb60M .M 1. Ta6JI. XVII.
11 TepenO:JICKUIi A. II., Ky6btU1.e8 A. 11.,
l1J1buHcKaJl. B. A. If n:p. OTqeT 0 pa60Te XA3
B 1973 roll TaM me.- HHB. oM 1973/10.
Ta6JI. XXII.
12 Ky6bwte8 A. n., /1,opo{/jee8 B. B., mu-
Jl08 lO. A. H tiP. OTqeT 0 pa60Te XA3 B
1980 1'.11 TaM me.- C. 63.
1 TaM me.- C. 156.
14 TepeHO:JICIiUH A. II. CKIfi{JCKIfH KypraH B
r. MeJIIfTOrrOJIe If KCHA.- 1955.-' BMU. 5.-
C. 26.
15 TaM me.
16 HK08eHKO E. B. (,CliirreTp IIapHIIi»
a KYJIb-061f II ApxeoJIoriH.- 1973.- oM 11.-
C.42.
17 A dictionary of Ancient Greek civiliza-
tion.- London, 1970.- P. 488.
18 AEK.- Cn6., 1854.- T. 1.- Ta6JI. XXXI,
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19 mKOpnUJI B, OTqeT 0 paCKorrKax B
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20 cPuaJlKO E. E., BOJlTpUK 10. B. J1ape lIa
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21 JIuxa'te8Q /1,. M. IOmIIO-IfTaJJlfllCKaH rreJIH-
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C. 302.
22 mrepH a. P. AJIa6aCTp TIclfaKca II flfJIII-
rra 11300I1A.- 1894.- T. 17.- C. 47.
23 TaM me.- C. 58.
24 OAK aa 1865 1'.- Crr6., 1866.- C. IV-V.
25 OAK aa 1868 1'.- Crr6., 1870.- C. X-XI;
OAK aa 1869 1'.- Crr6. 1871.- C. 178.
26 OAK aa 1882-1888 1'.- Crr6., 1891.-
C. XXII; IIpHJI.,- C. 47-73.
27 COKOJlbCKUU H. 11. AHTlfqHMe AepeBHII-
HMe capKoi{Jarlf CeBepIIoro IIplf'lepIIOMOpbH II
CAI1-rI-17.- M., 1969.- C. 27.
28 nepefJOJlbCKaJl. A. A. CJIOIIOBaH KOCTI> lIa
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29 OAK aa 1913 1'.- TIf, 1918.- plfC. 140.
30 rpUlie8U'l K. a. MpaMopIIblH TaJl1aHCKlfll
caplwi{Jar II TCA PAHI10H.- 1928.- T. 4.-
C. 171 If CJI.; nJ/.TblU1.e8a H. B. TaMaHcKIfH cap-
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31 OAK aa 1867 1'.- Cu6., 1869.- C. XIV-
XV.
32 OAK aa 1859 1'.- Crr6., 1862.- IIpHJI.-
C. 10, 29.
33 COKOJlbCKUU H. n. AHTlfqIIbIe AepCBHH-
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34 A U1.UK A. B. EocrropcKoe IIapcTBo.- OAec-
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35 MaHlfe8U'l A. n. R Bonpocy 0 TopeBTIfKe
B CI\lfq,CKYro ::Irroxy II BAI1.- 1949.- N2 2.-
C. 199-200.
36 MaHlfe8U'l A. n. qepTOMJIbIKCKaH Baaa II
ueKTOpaJIb lIa TOJICTOH MOrlfJIbI II Pulpudeva
Semaines philippopolitaines de I'histoire et de
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139

37 KyaMtuna E. E. 0 ceMaHTHRe H300pame-
IIIIn Ha qepTOMJIhID;ROn Baae II CA.- 1976.-
M 3.- C. 70-71.
38 Cor;o./tbcKuU H. 11. AHTHqHhIe AepeBJIH-
HhIe capRoq,arH...- C. 46.
39 TaM me; Watzinger C. Griechishe Holz-
sarkophagp aus der Zeit Alexanders des Gros-
sen.- Leipzig, 1905.- S. 24; N 1.- S. 32, N 8.
40 TaM me.- C. 4.
41 ([>apMaK08CKUU B. B. PaClwmm HeI(porrO-
.JIIl IIpeBHell OJIbBHH B 1901 1'.11 I1AR.- Crr6.,
1903.- BhIrr. 8.- C. 66; OAl( aa 1894 1'.- Crr6.,
1896.- C. 101 -(MorHJIa M 10); llap08U'l-lle-
w.UKali M. HeRpOrrOJIb OJIhBHH 8JIJIHHHCTHqeCRo-
TO BpeMeHH.- RHeB, 1974.- C. 57.- PHC. 65.
42 BWaiM/' B. I. ,[(ocJIiAmeIIIIIl rallMaHoBoi
MOrHJIH /1 ApxeoJIoriIl.-1971.- M 1.- C. 46.
,/"
qepTOMJIbIn;KaJl aM<pOpa CTOHT B O,n:HOM
pJl,n:y C U3BecTHeHmuMu rrpou3Be,n:eHUJlMH
TOpeBTU1\1I U3 60raTbIX CKU<pCKIIX Rypra-
HOB: cocy,n:aMII H3 KYJIb-06bI, qacTbIx
KypraHoB, raHMaHOBOH MOruJIbI, rpe6HeM
U3 COJIOXII U rreKTOpaJIblO H3 TOJICTOH MO-
rUJIbI, Ha 1\OTOpbIX u306pameHbI C1\U<pbI B
CTHJIe «3THOrpa<pU'leCKOrO peaJIU3Ma», no
y}]:a'IHOMY BblpameHUIO M. M. POCTOBn;ena.
K TpaKTOBKe 1I306paiKeHUH Ha HeH Heo,n:-
HOKpaTHO 06paIIJ;aJIUCb UCCJIe,n:OBaTeJIH.
::hoM TeMe nOCBJlIIJ;eHbI pa60TbI JI. CTe-
<paHII I, 11. TOJICTOrO II H. KOH}]:a1\OBa 2,
E. E. KY3bMUHOH 3, C. C. BeCCOHOBOH 4,
,[{. A. Ma'IUHCKOro 5, ,[{. C. PaeBC1\OrO 6,
3. <I>apKam 7. BOJIbmUHCTBO UCCJIe}]:OBaTe-
JIeH BU,lI,eJIU B u306pameHUHX Ha aM <pope
UJIJIIOCTpan;UU C1\U<pC1\UX u}]:eOJIorU'IeC1\IIX
II MU<pOROrU'IeCKUX rrpe}]:CTaBJIeHUH.
B HaCTOJlIIJ;eH pa60Te paccMaTpuBaeTCH
cpe}]:HuH <pPU3, T. K. OH 3aHUMaeT n;eHT-
paJIbHOe MeCTO B CUCTeMe ee opHaMeHTa-
n;MU U BrrOJIHe 3CJIYiKeHHO rrpUBJIe1\aJI
OCHOBHoe BHUMaHue uCCJIe}]:OBaTeJIeH.
11MCHHO ero ceMaHTU1\a }]:O CUX rrop CJIY-
iKUT rrpeMeToM OiKUBReHHbIX ,lI,uC1\YCCUH.
JI. CTe<paHu HapJl}]:y C HappaTuBHbIM
Xapa1\TepOM II306pameHuH Ha cpe}]:HeM
<ppu3e }]:orryc1\aJI, 'ITO OH JlBJIHeTCH UJIJIIO-
cTpan;uefI K u3BecTHoMY MU<PY 0 «Qap-
C1\OM UHn;eCTe», rrpHBOJl,UMOMY <I>HJIOHOM
AJIe1\CaH}]:pUHC1\IIM 8, II rrepBbJM BbICKa3aJI-
CH B rrOJIb3Y Toro, 'ITO aTa Cn;eHa He JlBJIJI-
eTCH 'IUCTO 6bITOBOH. Hau60RbllIee pa3-
BIITlIe 3Ta TO'IKa 3peHUH nOJIy-qIIJIa B pa-
60Tax )J;. C. PaeBCRorO I E. E, KY3bMIIHOH
140
43 TJepe8liUtteliKO H. H., Bo./t8un H. 11., By-
IiRTRIi E. ll. U 8p. OTqeT BepxHe-TapacoBcIwll
8RCrre)\HD;HH aa 1976 1'.11 HA I1A All YCCP.-
I1HB. M 1976/2.- C. 32, 35-39.
44 MoaO./te8CbKUU B. M. TOBcTa MorHJIa.-
R., 1979.- C. 110.
45 OAK aa 1863 1'.- Crr6., 1864.- C. V.
46 TepeIiOJ/CKUIi A. 11. CRHq,CRHll RypraH...-
C. 23-24.
47 OrpOUfeliKO B. B., Beccono8a C. C., BO./tT-
PUK /0. B. U 8p. OTqeT 3arropomcRoll apxeo-
JIOrHqeCROH 8RCrre)\HD;HH aa 1976 1'.11 HA I1A
AH YCCP.- I1HB. M 1976/6.- C. 80-81.
48 COKO./tbCKUU H. n. ApTHqHhIe AepeBJIH-
HhIe capRoq,arH...- C. 43.
A. B. CUMOnen1i.O
o CEMAHTRRE CPE)J;HErO «I>PR3A
1JEPTOMJIhIQROti AM«I>OPhI
II ,[{. A. Ma'IUHCH:oro. O,n:HaKO, npHii,n:JI K
e,n:UHOMY BbIBO}]:Y 0 Ca1\paJIbHOM xapaKTe-
pe 1I306pameHUH Ha cpe}]:HeM <ppH3e, 3TH
IICCJJe}]:OBaTeJIU rrO-pa3HOMY rrO}]:XO,n:JlT R
TOJIKOBaHUIO ero ,n:eTaJIeH II CMbICJIOBOH
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ITpu aHaJIII3e <PPU3a 06paIIJ;aeT Ha ce-
6J1 BHUMaHue pa3HUn;a B u306pameHuHx
JIOma,n:eH. C TO'IKU 3peHUJI urrrrOJIOrUH 3Ta
pa3HIIn;a HalI60JIee }]:eTaJIbHO uCCJIeJl,OBaHa
JI. CTe<paHu, B. O. BUTTOM 9 II B. B. Ko-
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HaHAeHHhlx B 1863 rOAY B IOmHoH POCCHII II
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2 TOAcrou 11., ErolioaKo8 H. PYCCKlle ApeB-
HOCTH B rraMffTIIII!(aX IICI\YCCTBa.- Crr5., 1889.-
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JIorlIlI.- 31., 1978.- BMrr. 2.- C. 232-240.
Cpen:U ,!(epeBHHHbIX H MeTaJIJIH'IeCKHX Co-
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144
. 6 PaeOCKUU 1I.. C. 05 HHTeprrpeTaO;HH rra-
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1 FarKas A. Interpreting Scythian Art: East
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10 ErooaAe8cKaR B. B. ROHb H BcaATIIII{.-
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II BUTT B. O. YKaa. CO'l.- C. 198.
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15 BUTr B. O. YKaa. COq.- C. 198.
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18 EryabMulia E. E. YI\aa. Coq.- C. 72.
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24 Ma'iUIiCKUU 11.. A. YI\aa. COq.- C. 234.
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29 BUTr B. O. YKaa. COq.- C. 168.
30 EryabMulia E. E. Ylma. COq.- C. 72; Ma-
'lUIiCKUU 11.. A. YKaa. COq.- C. 237-238; Paeo.-
CKuil 11.. C. YKaa. COq.- C. 79.
31 BaUIiU1TeUIi C. H. YI{aa. COq.- C. 31.
32 TaM me.- C. 33.
33 CTpa6oli. VII, 4, 8.
34 BaUIiU1TeUIi C. 11. YKaa. COq.- C. 138.
35 BurT B. O. YKaa. COq.- C. 184.
36 MoaO.J£e8CKUU B. M. TOBcTa MOrHJIa.-
Roo 1979.- C. 224.
31 TaM me.- C. 161.
38 Ma'lUH.CKUU 11.. A. YHaa. COq.- C. 238.
39 TaM me.- C. 238.
B. A. PR60ea
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1.45

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PlfC. 1. AepeBffHHbIe IIBypyqHbIe qailllf:
1 - MOP;IJ;BHHOBCKHiI KypraH; 2 - KypraH y C. EYJIra-
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146
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147

2
1..1..1
PlfC. 3. MeTaJIJIHqeCKlfe BypyqHhIe qaUIH (06-
maR CXeMa):
1 - ECP;IJ;HHCKHit KypraH; 2-4 - COlloxa; 5 - raitMa-
UOBa MorHlIa; 6 - qMblPCB KypraH.
meCTl, Bl,JIJYKJIbIX nOJIymapHH, IIMHTII-
PYIOIIJ;HX mJIHnKH rB03}]:eH, a no HHiKHe-
MY KpalO - PH;!; Bl,JJJYKJIl,IX TO'IeK H MeJI-
KHe OTBepCTHH }]:JIH KperrJIeHMH rB03n:HKa
MH R }]:epeBHHHOH OCHOBe. Cocyn: peKOH-
CTpYlIpyeTcH CXeMaTII'IHO (puc. 2, 3).
TpeTbeMY COcy}]:y H3 AJIeKcaHn:porrOJIR
rrpUHa}]:JIemaJIa 06uBKa PY'IRU C peJIl,e<p-
HbJM II306pameHHeM <pHrypbI XHIIJ;HIIKa 14.
06HBKa rrpHKperrJIHJI3Cl, rB03}]:UKaMH C
60JIl,mUMlI rrOJIyC<pepHqeCKMMH mJIHrrKa-
MM. TIO-BU}]:HMOMY, PY'IKH 'IamH, yRpa-.
meHHbIe aTUMH 06HBRaMH, 6bJJIJI JI3rOTOB-
JIeHbJ B TOH me TeXHHKe, 'ITO H PY'IKB
TJamu U3 BTOpOro LIacToro KypraHa.
Bce paccMoTpeHHl,Ie }]:Bypy'IHbIe 'IamB
U3 LIaCTl,JX KypraHoB U AJIeKcaHn:porrOJIR
06'ben:HHHeT HaJIH'IUe 30JIOTl,JX H cepe6-
pHHbIX 06UB01\, YKpallIaBmux PY'IKH, a
TalOI\e oru6aBmHX 'IaCTl, BeH'IHKOB. TIpu
aTOM CJIen:yeT OTMeTHTl" 'ITO qJOpMa py-
'IeK HeH3MeHHa, a npH UX }]:eKopupOBaHBH
JICrrOJIl,30BaHbJ pa3JIJlqHbIe BapHaHTl,I
<pOpM 30JIOTbJX H cepe6pHHbIX rrJIaCTUH.
B03MO'mHO, aTO CBu}]:eTeJIl,CTBO TBOp'Ie-
CKoro rrO'IepKa pa3HbIX MaCTepOB, 'ITO, B
CBOIO O'Iepe}]:l" rrpe,a:rrOJIaraeT H3rOTOBJIe-
Hue KaiK}]:bJM H3 HUX He on:Horo, a rre-
148
CKOJIl,KHX COCY}]:OB TaKoro THrra. B CBH3R
C aTUM eCTl, OCHOBaHHH rrOJIaraTl" 'ITO
}]:BYPY'IHbJe 'Iamll He 6bIJIH pe}]:KII B CRH<p-
CKOll cpe}]:e.
OpHrHHaJIeH COcy}]: H3 Bep}]:HHCKoro
KypraHa (puc. 3, 1) 15. ITo <popMe OH
cxom C npHBe}]:eHHl,lMH BbJme, HO YKpa-
meHHe ero COCTOHT H3 Tpex }]:eTaJIeH: 060-
n:a. Bl,lllOJIHeHHOro H3 30JIOTOH JIeHTl,I,
OXBaTbIBalOIIJ;erO Becl, BeH'IUK cocy}]:a H
CJIerKa 3arHYToro BHYTPb (B}]:OJIb BepXHe-
1'0 U HHmHero KpaeB - OTBepCTHH }]:JIR
rB03}]:eH); nbI 30JIOTbIX nOJIYKpyrJIbIX
rrJIaCTHH, 06THrHBaBllIHx }]:epeBHHHl,Ie 1'0-
pH30HTaJIbHbIe PY'IKH cocy}]:a, nOMeIIJ;aB-
mHeCH no}]: BeH'IHKOM 16. B KypraHe .M 33
Y c. B06pHD;a Haw}]:eH 30JIOTOH 06o,a:, no
MHeHHIO B. r. ITeTpeHKo, YKpamaBmiin
BeH'IHK n:epeBHHHoro cocy}]:a 17. B03Mom-
HO, COcy}]: H3 B06pHbJ 6bJJI Toro iKe TII-
na, 'ITO H 6ep,a:HHCKUH, O}]:HaKO 06HBRU
PY'IeK B aTOM CJIY'Iae OTCYTCTBylOT - OHB
MOrJIH 6bITb }]:epeBHHHbIMH, KaK B MOp}]:-
BHHOBCKOM cocy}]:e. He HCKJIIO'IeHO TaKme,
'ITO HapH}]:Y C }]:BYPY'IHbJMH }]:epeBHHHbJMU
'IamaMH 6l,JTOBaJIH cocyn:l,J aHaJIOrH'IHOH
JIH60 6JIH3KOH <pOpMbI, HO 6e3 pY'IeK MJIH
C O}]:HOH PY'IKOH. TaK, B raHMaHoBoH Mo-
rHJIe 6bIJIa HaHn:eHa 30JIOTaH 06uBKa PY'I-
KII - nOJIYKpyrJIaH, C 3arHYTbJM KpaeM B
rB03}]:HKaMU C rroJIyc<pepH'IeCKHMH mJIHn-
KaMH. B On:HOM H3 KypraHoB XepcoHIIJ;H-
HbI, HCCJIen:OBaHHOM A. M. JIecKoBl,IM,
6bI;Ia HaiineHa cepe6pHHaH 'IallIa C 30-
JIOTOH PY'IKOH nOJIyKpyrJIOH <pOpMl,J.
B Eep}]:HHCKOM KypraHe O}]:HH H3 }]:epeBHH-
HbIX cocyn:OB, Bl,JJJOJIHeHHbIH B <popMe
KOBmUKa, YKpameH rOJIOBKOH nTHl,J, 06-
THHYT 30JIOTOM rrJIaCTHHOH, UMeJI PY'IRY
rrOJIYKpYrJIOII cPOpMbJ C peJIl,e<pHbI1v1:H npo-
}]:OJIbHbIMH rrOJIOCaMJI.
MHTepecHo OTMeTHTb, 'ITO nOJIyc<pePH-
'IecKYIO <POPMY UMeJIJI COCY}]:bI H3 BTOpO.
1'0 MacTlOrHHcKoro KypraHa H H3 KypraHa
Y BOJIl,moii 3HaMeUKU 18. OT aTHX COCY-
}]:OB COXpaHHJIHCb 30JIOTbIe rrOJIYOBaJIl,HbIe
JIJIaCTHHKH, JI30mYTbIe no rrpO<pHJIIO 60p-
Ta (pHC. 2, 4-6). BepxHHH KpaH MX
oru6aJI BeH'IHK cocyn:a. D,Be MaCTlOrIIH-
CKHe rrJIaCTHHbI, KpOMe OTBepCTlrll n:JIR
KperrJIeHHH K n:epeBHHHoH OCHOBe, 6l,IJIII
opHaMeHTHpOBaHbI rro KpalO peJIl,e<pHbIl\IU
TO'IKaMJI.
06UBKa H3 EOJIl,llIOH 3HaMeHKII HMeeT
'IaCTl,Je OTBepCTHH rro KpalO }]:JIH rB03n:eH,
KOTOpbJMM OHa KpenHJIaCl, R cocy}]:y. M30-

rHYTOCTb aTHX 06IIBOK cBHiJ;eT8.fttcTByeT
06 oRpyrJIOH c[JopMe COCY)],OB, rrO-BJI)],MMO-
MY, aHaJIOrM'IHbIX J]:BYPYTJHbIM 'IallIaM, HO
6bIJIM JIll Py'IKM Y aTIIX COCY)],OB, HeM3Be-
CTHO. EIIJ;e B rraMHTHMKaX Cpy6HOii KYJIb-
TypbI BCTpC'raIOTCH J]:epeBHHHbIe COCYJ]:bI
rrOJIYC<pepM'IeCKOH <POpMbI I9 . CpeJ]:M Me-
TaJIJIM'IeCKIIX COCYJ]:OB 6HII3KHMM rro <pop-
Me rrpe)],CTaBJIHIOTCH cepe6pHHbIe 'IallIM-
Ky6RM Jl3 KypraHoB KaparOJ]:eyallIX M TIe-
CKII :10. BepOHTHO TaKme, 'ITO M3 MHome-
CTBa 30JIOTbIX 06MBOR C H306pameHMHMM
B CRM<PCROM 3BepMHOM CTMJIe MJIM maJ{-
KHX HeKOTopbIe 6bIJIM rrpMHaJ]:JIemHOCTbIO
COCYJ]:OB C rrOJIyc<peplI'IeCKMM KoprrYCOM.
TaKMM 06pa30M, <popMa Roprryca J]:BY-
PY'lHbIX 'IallI CBH3aHa, BMJ]:MMO, C J]:epeBHH-
HbIMII COCYJ]:aMM rrpeJ]:CKM<pCKoro BpeMeHII.
OJ]:HaRO, rrOCKOJIbKY rrpHMbIX rrpOTOTlIrrOB
J]:BYPY'IHbIM 'IallIaM neT B 1I3J{eJIMHX M3
J]:epeBa, RepaMMKM M MeTaJIJIa rrpeJ]:llIeCT-
BylOIIJ;ero BpeMeHII, OHM rrpe J{CTaBJIHIOTCJI
BrrOJIHe caMOCTOHTeJIbHOH II oplIrMHaJIb-
HOH rpyrrrroH RYJIbTOBbIX COCYAOB. TIOHBII-
IICb OHII Ha OCHOBe BbIpa60TRII COCYJ]:OB
H3 J]:epeBa, TaK KaK B aTOM MaTeplIaJIe
II3rOTOBJIeHMe «PY'IHOH» <pOpMbI cocyn:a M
pY'IeK He rrpeJ]:CTaBJIHeT OC060H CJIOmHOC-
TII. ¥I\parneHMe J]:Bypy'lHbIX 'IallI 30JIOTbI-
Mil rrJIaCTMHaMM - OJ]:HH 113 BapHaHTOB
xapaKTepHoro rrpMeMa, 1lIIIpORO MCrrOJIb30-
BaBllIerOCH B YKpallIeHIIM J{epeBHHHbIX
'lam. 3Ta TpaJ]:MD;IIH yXOJ]:IIT ROpHHMH B
rrpeJ]:CKII<pCRoe BpeMH, a B V-IV BB. J]:O
H. a. rrOJIy-qMJIa llIMpoKoe pacrrpOCTpaHe-
HMe B rraMHTHMRax CeBepHoro TIpM'Iep-
HOMOpbH 21.
TIOCKOJIbKY J]:BYPY'IHbIe 'IallIM M3BeCTHbI
JIMllIb C KOHD;a V B. J]:O H. a. II BpeMH IIX
6bITOBaHMH COBrraJ]:aeT C pacrrpOCTpaHeHII-
eM Y CKM<pOB rpe'IeCKMX COCYJ]:OB He60JIb-
llIMX pa3MepoB M MMelOII!;MX rrapy PY'IeR,
He HCKJIIO'IeHO, 'ITO PY'IKM J]:epeBJIHHbIX
'lam 6bIJIII CBoero pOJ]:a HMMTaD;MeH Py'IeK
RIIJIMROB II RaH<papOB, HO 60JIee rrpOCTOH
<POpMbI. BocrrpMHHTbJMM MorJIJI OKa3aTbCH
JIMIIIb CIIMMeTpM'IHOe ropM30HTaJIbHOe
pacnOJIOmeHlIe II <popMa, rrpu6HMmalOIIJ;aH-
CH R rrOJIYKpyry. 11HorJ]:a aTM PYTJRM MC-
CHe)\OBaTeJIII Ha3blBalOT py'IKaMM-yrropa-
Mil, HO O'IeBMJ]:HO, 'ITO TaKOH <PYHKD;MO-
HaJIbHOH HarpY3KM OHM He HeCHM. ECJIH
Y'IeCTb, 'ITO Bce J]:BypY'IHbIe 'IallIU He-
60HbIllITX pa3MepoB M MorJIM cB060J]:HO
YJ]:epmMBaTbCH B oJ]:Hoii PYRe, TO Ha rrep-
BbIH rrJIaH BbIcTyrraeT 'IMCTO J]:eKopaTMB-
HaJI <PYHKD;MJI PY'IeK M YKpallIeHMe IIX 30-
JIOTbIMM rr.i1aCTMHaMH JIlImbrrOJ]:'IepRMBaeT
aTO.
B rrpm.roii CBH3M C orrMcaHHbIMM CJIeJ]:Y-
eT paCCMaTpMBaTb M MeTaJIJIM'IeCKMe J]:BY-
pY'IHble 'IallIM 113 CKM<pCKMX rraMHTHMKOB.
BHe COMHeHMH, rrpOTOTMrraMM J]:JIH HMX rro-
CJIymMHM 06pa3D;bI, 1I3rOTOBJIeHHbIe M3 J]:e-
peBa.
D,Ba cepe6pHHbIX cocYJ]:a H3 COHOXM
JIMelOT cxomMH 06JIMK: 06a rJIaJ]:KMe, ROp-
nyCbI mapOBIIJ]:HbIe, B BepXHeM'IaCTM no'I-
TIT rro)], BeH'IMKOM rrpMrraHHbI no rrape PY-
'IeK B ropM30HTaJIbHOM rrOHomeHMM C He-
60JIbllIMM HaRJIOHOM K BM3Y. OTJIM'IMTeJIb-
HbIMM J]:eTaJIHMM OJ]:Horo M3 COCYJ]:OB HBJIH-
IOTCH eJ]:Ba OTorHYTbIii Hapymy BeH'IMK M
ROJIbD;eBOH rrOJ]:J]:OH (pMC. 3, 2, 3).
TIpMMepoM XYJ]:omeCTBeHHoro COBep-
llIeHCTBa Ha3BaJI H. 11. BeCeJIOBCKMH J]:BY-
PY'IHylO 'Iarny II3 COJIOXII, Ha KOTOpOH
rrpeJ]:CTaBJIeHa CD;eHa OXOTbI KOHHbIX CRM-
<pOB C c06aKaMM Ha JIbBOB 22 (pMC. 3, 4).
11M me J]:aHO J]:eTaJIbHOe orrMcaHMe CD;eHbI
peHbe<pa, rrpM aTOM OTMe'IeHO, 'ITO YKpa-
llIeHMe Ha MeCTe ceJ]:eJI KOHeH II rrCaJIMn
rrpM Y3n:e'IRaX TaRMe me, RaR M rrpM HO-
llIaJ]:HX B rrorpe6eHMM D;apJI, a 06JIMR OJ]:-
Horo H3 BcaJ]:HMKOB J]:aeT IJpeJ]:CTaBJIeHlIe 0
crroc06e n:epmaHMH JIyKa II HaTHrMBaHIIH
TeTIIBbI rrpM CTpeJIb6e. 3TM J]:eTaJIH CBH-
J]:eTeJIbCTByIOT 0 'IeTKOCTM peJIbe<pa, a J]:JIH
BbIpa3MTeJIbHOCTII ero rrpMMeHeHa rr030-
JIOTa. Ero rrOKpbITbI Bce M306pameHMH CKU-
<pOB, JIOllIaJ]:eH, c06aK, ffIpJIHHJ]:a 1I3 rrJrro-
IIJ;a, pacrrOJIOmeIfHaH rro BepxHeMy KpalO
'IallIM, a TaKme IJJIeTeHbJH 060J]:OK C KPY-
mO'IKaMM, ROTOpbIH rrOMeIIJ;eH MemJ]:Y <PPM-
30M II rrpMJ]:oHHOII 'IaCTbIO 'IamM, YKpa-
llIeHHoii KaHHeJIlOpaMII. TI030JIOTOH rro-
RpbITbI TaKme M 6apaHbM rOJIOBKM, CMMMe-
TpM'IHO rrOMeIIJ;eHHbIe Ha pY'IKaX 'IallIn
TaK, 'ITO pora rroBepHYTbI K cepeJ]:MHe.
MemJ]:y HMMM B BepxHeH 'IaCTII 1I306pa-
meH TpeXJIerreCTKoBbIH D;BeTOK, a B HMiK-
HeH (B TOM MeCTe, rJ]:e pyqKa rrpRrraHHa
K cocyJ]:Y) - CKB03Hoe OTBepCTMe. TIo
MHeHMIO 1-1. 11. BeCeJIOBCKOro, OTBepCTHH
CJIymMJIM J]:JIH rrOJ]:BellIMBaHMH 'IamM. 3TO
He eJ]:llHCTBeHHbIH cHy-qaH, RorJ]:a Ha PY'I-
Rax MMelOTCH OTBepCTMH (raiiMaHOBa
MorIIJIa), HO TPYJ]:HO rrpeJ]:IJOHOmMTb J]:JIH
rrOJ]:BellIMBaHMH K 'IeMY OHM CJIymMJIM,
TeM 60JIee 'ITO Ha oKpyrJIOM J]:He 'IallI1I
COJIOXM eCTb HeBbICOKUH KOJIbD;eBOH rroJ]:-
J]:OH, 06ecrre'IllBalOIIJ;lIM ee YCTOH'IlIBOCTb.
149

OqeHb 6JIM3Ra rro TeXHMRe H MaCTepCT-
BY MCrrOJIHeHMJI COJIOXCROH )],BypyqHaH qa-
rna H3 raHMaHOBOH MOrMJIbJ 23 (pMC. 3,
5). Ha rnupOROM <ppu3e aTOH 'IarnH rrpe}]:-
CTaBJIeHa KOMrr03MD;HJI II3 rneCTII <pMryp
CRM<pOB. PeJIbe<p BbIcoJmII, 'IeTRO H306pa-
iKeHbJ }]:eTaJIM y6parrcTBa, 0PYiKHH, a )],JIH
60JIbmCH Bblpa3MTeJIbHOCTH JIHD;a, PYRM H
ROCTIOM CRM<pOB rr030JIO'IeHbI. CBepxy II
BHH3Y <ppM3 06paMJIeH opHaMeHTOM, Ha
oKpYI'JIOM )],He - MHOI'OJIerreCTROBaH po-
30TKa. ::ha 'lama ,[(eRopIIpoBaHa B CTHJIe,
MMelOIIJ;eM MHOI'O 06IIJ;eI'o C Ry6RaMH H3
BopoHeiKcRoI'o M KYJIb-06cRoI'o Kypra-
HOB.
113 )],eCHTH cepe6pHHbIX COCY}]:OB TaHHH-
Ra qMbIpeBa KypraHa HaH60JIec OPMrH-
HaJIbHa )],BypyqHaH qarna C HernIIpORMM
<ppM30M, rrOMeIIJ;eIIHbIM B BepXHeH rrOJIO-
BMHe. Ha HeM M306paiKeHbI Bo}]:orrJIaBalO-
IIJ;Me rrTHD;bI, HbJpHIOIIJ;He aa pbI60H
1 (pMC, 3, 6). PeJIbe<p rr030JIOqeH, ITo}]: BeH-
'IMROM 'IamM - Y3RIIH rrOHCOR C opHa-
MeHTOM H3 OB. HMiKHHH rrOJIOBMHa Koprry-
ca YRpameHa BepTHRaJIbHbIMH JIerreCTRa-
MM, a Ha )],He rrOMeIIJ;eHa RpyrrHaH p03eT-
Ra. Ha ceI'MeHTOBH)],HbIX pyqRaX, rrpM-
RperrJIeHHbIX R COcy)],y HaRJIOHHO, RpaHMII
BHM3, M306paiKeHbJ paCTHTeJIbHbIe u06e-
I'M, D;BeTbI JIOTOCa H p03eTRH. ITo ClOiKeTY,
rrpe)],CTaBJIeHHOMY Ha <ppH3e, H )],eTaJIHM
}]:eRopa aTa 'Iarna 6JIH3Ra cepe6pHHbJM
Ry6RaM M3 RypI'aHoB KYJIb-06a H ITaTH-
HMOTM. CD;eHbJ, rrpe)],CTaBJIeHHbIe Ha aTHX
cocyp:ax, HaH60JIee TIIJ;aTeJIbHO rrpOaHaJIH-
3MpOBaHbI JI.. C. PaeBCRIIM 24, O)],HaRO e)],M-
Hoe MHeHMe MCCJIe}]:OBaTeJIeH B HX TOJIRO-
BaHMM rrORa He ,[(OCTMI'HYTO.
RacaHCb JIMrnb Cxo}]:cTBa B opHaMeHTM-
Re COCY)],OB, MOiKHO OTMeTMTb, qTO cepe6-
pHIlbJe )],BypyqHbIe qamH H RpYI'JIOTeJIbIe
Ry6KM IIMelOT MHOI'O 06IIJ;HX qepT.
H. JI. rpaq, MCCJIe)],YH KpYI'JIo)],oHHbJe ce-
pe6pHHbIe COCY)],bJ M3 RypI'aHa RYJIb-06a,
OTMeTMJIa HaJIMqHe cBoe06pa3IIOM p03eTRH
Ha )],He COCY}]:OB, )],eRopHpOBaHHbJX <ppM30M
C YT1\aMM. TaRaH iKe p03eTRa HMeeTCH H
Ha }]:He )],BYPY'IHOH qarnH M3 COJIOXH, Ha
Ky6Re C H306paiKeHHeM CRH<pOB H3 RYJIb-
06bJ 25. ::ho Ha6JIIO)],eHMe rr03BOJIHJIO
H. JI. rpa'! rrpe)],rrOJIOiKMTb, qTO Bce yrro-
MHHYTbIe COCY}]:bI H3I'OTOBJIeHbI B O)],HOH
MaCTepC1\OH. 8TO BepOHTHO, HO, Ha Harn
B3I'.1JJI}]:, rrpH orrpe)],eJIeHMM e)],MHoH MaCTep-
CROM Hep:ocTaTO'IHO yqHTbJBaTb JIMrnb L\e-
KopaTMBHbIe aJIeMeHTbI, C6JIMiKalOID;Me
150
rpyrrrry BeIIJ;eH. BbJJIBIITb D;eHTpbI rrpoII3-
Bo)],cTBa Tex HJIM HHbIX rrpoH3Be)],eHMH TO-
peBTHKM rr03BOJIMT JIMmb ROMrrJIeRCHbIii
rro}]:xo)], B MCCJIe)],oBaHMM, BRJIlOqalOIIJ;IIII
MeTo)],bI eCTeCTBeHHbIX HaYR, II B rrepBYIO
O'Iepe)],b orrpe)],eJIeHMe COCTaBHbIX aJIeMeH-
TOB HCrrOJIb30BaBrneI'OCJI MeTaJIJIa.
MCXO}]:H H3 aToro, C'IMTaOM, 'ITO Borrpoc
o D;eHTpe rrpoH3Bo)],cTBa cepe6pHHbIX L(BY-
pyqHbIX qarn rrORa lIe MOiKT 6bITb pe-
rneH. BOJIee YBepeHHo MOiKHO I'OBopMTb 0
rrpoMcxoiK)],eHMM }]:BypyqHbIX qarn. KaK
OTMe'IeHO BbIme, y MHorIIX HCCJIe}]:oBaTe-
JIeH He BbI3bIBaeT COMHeHHH MeCTHoe, ce-
BepOrrpUqepHOMOpCRoe rrpOIICXOiKp:eHHe
COCY)],OB aTOI'O TMrra. OHH rrOJIBIIJIMCb B
ROHD;e V - Ha'IaJIe IV B. )],0 H. a. II 6bITO-
BaJIM He MHorMM 60JIee CTa JIeT. Ha Tep-
pHTOpMM CRM<pHH )],0 rrOHBJIeHMH }]:Bypyq-
HbIX qarn Ha rrpOTHiKeHHH V B. )],0 H. a.
rnMpORO pacrrpOCTpaHeHHbIMM KYJIbTOBbI-
!\IH cocy)],aMM 6bIJIH )],epeBHHHbJe 'TarnII
TMrra <pMaJI, YRparneHHbIe 30JIOTbIMH 06HB-
RaMM 26. ())opMa MX B aTOT rrepMO)]: rrOqTH
HeH3MeHHa, pa3JIlIqRbI TOJIbRO pa3MepbJ II
p:eRopaTMBHoe o<popMJIeHMe. 11MeHHo 1\
Ha'IaJIY IV B. )],0 H. a., T. e. 1\0 BpeMeHu
1I0HBJIeHHH }]:BYPY'IHbJX 'lam, 'IamH C
06MBKaMH BCTpeqalOTCH B rroI'pe6eHMHx
peiKe, BMeCTe C aTMM B HX pHP:Y YiKe rro-
HBJIHIOTCH opMrHHaJIbHbIe 06pa3D;bI B <pop-
Me ROBrneH MJIH 'Iarn C O}]:UOH pyqIWH.
B03MOiKHO, CYIIJ;eCTBOBaJIM COCY)],bI II )],py-
rHX <POPM, HO 06MBRH, )],orne)],mue p:o Hac,
He BceI')],a rr03BOJIHIOT )],OCTOBepHO BOCCTa-
HOBMTb MX 06JIMK. BOT B aTOM-TO pa3Ho06-
pa3MM' M B03HMRJIM, BepOHTHO, )],BypyqHbJe
'IamH, a y HCTOROB HX opHrMHaJIbHOH
<POpMbI 6bIJIM XY}]:OiKeCTBeHHbIe CKJIOH-
HOCTH MeCTHbIX MaCTepOB. OHM C03)],aJIIl
HOBbIH THrr cocy)],a, 3aHHBmeI'O MeCTO B
PH)],y Tpa)],MD;MOHHO KYJIbTOBbIX,- 'Iarn,
Ry6ROB, pMTOHOB. 8TO rrpOCJIeiKHBaeTCH II
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I BeceA08CKUU H. 11. Cepe6po CKIIq,cKoro
IapH 1I3 Hyprana COJIoxa II CTapble rObl.-
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2 Malilfe8U'l A. n. AepeBHIIllbIe COCYAbI
Clm.q,CIWii arroxil // ACr8.- 1966.-.M 8.- C. 23.
3 OliaUKO II. A. AHTII'lHbIH IIMrrOpT B llplI-
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CAI1.- 1970.- BA-1-27.- C. 36.
4 Pae8CKUU /1.. C. OTIepKIl IIl\eOJIorll1l CKII-
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5 PR608a B. A. MeTaJIJIII'leCKlle I(v6KH 1I3
CKIIq,CKIiX KyprauoB /1 ApXeOJIOrlI'leCKlle IICCJIe-
AOBaIIIIH CeBepo-3arraAHOrO IIp:aqepHOMopbH.-
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6 OliaUKO H. A. AIITlIqHblH IIMrropT...- C. 36.
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8 HAbUIiCKaR B. A. CI\Hq,bI AIIerrpOBCKoro.
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9 MeAIOK08a A. H. CKIIq,IIH II IIJpaKHHcKHii
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10 manowHuKo8a O. r. OneT HIIrYJIbCKOii
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oM 197.
II 3a.M.RTHUIi C. H. CKHq,CKIiH MOrHJIbHHK
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12 PeKOIiCTPYKlfUR aBTopa,
13 Malil/eeu'I A. n. AepeBHHHbIe COCyAbl
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16 Cocyi} peKoHcTpYlipoBaH llepeHlIqeH-
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17 IleTpeliKo B. r. TIpaB06epembe Cpel\Her(}
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