Автор: Швалов Д.В.
Теги: рельсовый транспорт железнодорожное движение железнодорожный транспорт электрооборудование автоматика учебное пособие
ISBN: 978-5-89035-492-1
Год: 2008
Текст
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3JIeKTpOMOHTep ocyweCTBJUleT KOlITpOJIb c06JuoJJ.eHIDI reXHOJIOnlH
H Kaqecrna BbmOJIHeHIDI peMOHTHhIX IDII1 CTpOHTeJ1bHO-MOHTIDKHbIX pa-
.
6oT, npoH3BOJUlMbIX CneIJ.HaJIH3HpOBaHHbIMH 6pura.n.aMH I1JIH CTpOHTeJIb-
HbIMM OpraHH3aQHHMM B npeAeJIax 06CJIy)KHBaeMOm yq3CTKa.
B c.nyqae CTHXHHHbIX npHpoJl,HblX RR1Iemdi (rpoJa, HaBO.D;HeHHe, ro-
JIOJIeA, CHe)I(HbIe MnM neCqaHble 3aHOCbl MAP.) IDIM reXHoreHHbIX aBa-
pHU, nOCJIeJl,CTBHH KOropbIX MOryI' npHBeCfH K HapyrneHHIO HOpM8JIb-
HOH pa60TbI ycrpOHCTB CUE, 3JIeIcrpOMoHrep no yJ<aJaHHlO 3JIeKTpOMe-
X3HHK3 AOn}l(eH npOBeCTM BHeO'iepeAHOH OCMOTP 06CJIY)I(MB3eMbIx
ycrpoHCTB H npH Heo6xoJl,HMOCrn YC1paHHTb HeHcnpaBHocm (noBpe)l(-
AeHIDI).
TaKHM o6pa30M, yqlITblBaH OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb pemaeMbIX npOH3OOJI,-
CTBeHHbIX 33,[(aq, 3neKTPOMoHrep AOJDKeH 6bITb KBaJIH<lJHI..1HpOBaHHbIM
u
Cne[(H3JIMCTOM, 3HalOll(MM YCTpOHCTBO, npaBIDI3 M HOpMbI reXHlf1IecKo-
ro 0 BaHIDl, peMOHTa M MOHTIDKa ycrpoHCTB CUE, 3 TaIOKe xapaK-
repHbIe HeMcrrpaBHOCTH, MX npOHR1IeHMH, OCHOBHbIe nplNHHbI B03HMK-
HOBeHHJI H cnoco6bI YCT})aHeHIDl. KpOMe Taro, 3JIeKTpOMOHrep .D;OJDKeH
C1peMHTbCH K nOCTO.HHHOMY npo<t>eCCMOHaJIbHOMY pOC1)', nOBbIrneHMIO
cooeH KBaJIM<lJMKaQHH H 06paJOB3.TeJIbHOro ypOBIDI.
DB 3JIEMEHTAX
EM HIm
2.1. KrtaccucIJu
CUCTeM aBTOMaTHKH H TeJICMexaJlHKH
BbIIIOJIHeHl1e KaKHX-n1160 cPYHKQI1H 6e3 HenocpeACfBeHHoro yqac-
TIDI tJeJIOBeKa, Ha3bIBaeTCH aemOMamUtteCKUM, a CI1CTeMa, peaJIM3yK>I.l.(aH
TaKl1e cPYHKUI1I1, r aemOMamutteCKOU CUcmeMOu. ECJIU <p 11 B CI1C-
TeMe qaCTl1tJHO BbInOnH.HeT qeJIOBeK, TO CHCTeMa Ha3bIBaeTCJI aemOMa-
mU3upo6aHHou [39].
B npou:ecce OpraHI13aUI1I1;:u3IDKeHKSI noe3AoB OCHOBHbIe ynpaBIDIIO-
111l1e pemeHHJI npl1HHMaeT tJeJIOBeK-OnepaTOp (noe3 HoH AHCneTqep,
Ae)l{}'pHbIH no CTaHQHH 11 AP.). CHCTeMbI }l(eJIe3HOllOp0}KHOH aBTOMarn-
KH 11 TeJIeMeXaHI1KH OCyJ.l(eCTBJIHIOT HenocpeACTBeHHyIO peaJII13aUI11O
npl1ID1ThIX perneHI1H (nepeBoA CTpeJIOK, BKJIlOtJeHl1e Cl1fHaJIbHbIX nOKa-
3aHHH CBeTa<l>oPOB, nepeAaqa ynPaBJUIlOI.l.(HX npl1Ka30B HAP.), 06ecne-
tJl1Ba51 BbInOJIHeHl1e YCJIOBI1H 6e30naCHOCTU lIBIDKeHIDI noe3.JlOB. npl1
3TOM TaKI1e cPYHKUHI1, KaK ynpaBJIeHl1e, perynwpOBaHl1e, KOHTpOJIb, 3a-
I.l.(lITa, BblnOJIIDIIOTCH aBTOMarntJecKH.
nOA aemO.MamUlteCKUM ynpa8JleHUeM nOHI1MaeTC.H aBTOMaTHQeCKOe
B03IleHCTBHe Ha ynpaBJIReMbIH o6DeKT (o6DeKT ynpaRJIeHIUI), B pe3ynb-
Tare tJero H3MeIDIeTCH COCTOJlHl1e o6DeKTa JIH60 113MeHRIOTCH 3HatJeHIDI
ero napaMe1]X>B.
ECJlH ynpaBJUleMbrn o6DeKT I1MeeT KOHe'ffiOe MHO)l{eCTBO COCTOHHMH,
TO OH OTHOCMTCH K KJIaccy iJuCKpemHbLX. K J]J1CKpeTHbIM 06'beKTaM yn-
paBJIeHIDI OTHOCHTCH, Hanpl1Mep, CJIeAYJOI.l.(He:
cmpeJlKa MO)l{eT HaxOAHTbCH B O HOM H3;:u3YX nOJlO)l{eHHH nrrlO-
COBOM HJII1 MHHYCOBOM;
ceemorjJop MO)l{eT HaxOAI1TbC.R. B OAHOM H3 ABYX COCfOHHI1H OT-
KPbITOM (HeCKOJlbKO Cl1rHaJIbHhIX nOKa3aHI1H) KJIH 3aKpbITOM;
pelle MO)l(eT HaxOLI.HTbCH nolI. TOKOM (BKJIlOtJeHO) UJII16e3 TOKa (BbIK-
nlO'IeHO);
3AeKmpOO6UCameJlb MO)l{eT 6bITb BKJ1lOtJeH I1JII1 BbIKJIlOtJeH.
10
ECJIM o6DeKT MMeeT 6eCKOHeqHOe MHO)l(eCTBO COCTOHHMH, TO OH OT-
HOCHTCH K KJIaccy HenpepbleHbLX. K HenpepbIBHbIM 06'beKTaM ynpaBJIe-
HIDI OTHOCRTCH, HanpMMep, MCTOqHMKM HanpIDKeHHH (TOKa), napaMeT-
pbI BbIXO,nHbIX CMfHaJIOB KOropbIX MOryr npMHMMaTb JII06ble 3HaqeHIDI
M3 YCTaHOBJIeHHOrO ,nwanaJOHa.
ABToMaTHtleCKOe ynpaBJIeHHe HenpepbIBHbIMM 06DeKTaMM H33bIBa-
eTCH aemOMamUtteCKUM peZYllupoeaHUeM.
I10,n aemOMamUtteCKUM KOHmpOAeM nOHMMaeTCR aBTOMamqeCKOe on-
pe eJIeHMe COCTOHHIDI ynpaBJUleMOrO o6DeKTa. B 3TOM c.rryqae yno1pe6-
JUlIOTTepMMH «KOHlpOJIHpyeMbIH o6DeKT (o6DeKT KOHlpOJUl»). B CMCTe-
u
Max )l(eJIe3Ho,nopO)I(HOM aBTOMaTHKH H TeJIeMeXaHHKM B KaqeCTBe KOHT-
pOJIMpyeMblx BbI6MpalOTCJI Bce 061>eKTbI ynpaBJIeHMH, a TalOKe ,npyrMe
o6DeKTbI, ynpaBJIeHMe KOTOpbIMH He oC}'lI.(eCTBJI eTCH, HO MH<l>oPMauHR
o COCTOHHI1I1 KorophIX Heo6xo,lI)1Ma JI)UI np ynpaBJUllOlUHX perne-
HMH. K nOCJIeAHHM OTHOCRTCH, HanpHMep, CJIeJJYlOlUMe:
- yqaCTKH nyrH Ha neperoHax H CTaHUI1ID{ MCnOJlb3YeTCH HH<l>oP-
MaQIDI 06 MX COCTORHHM (cBo6o,nHbI RTIH 3aIDITbI);
- neperOHbI HCnOJIb3yeTcH MH<popMaUJ1H 06 HX COCTOHHMM (CBO-
60,nHbI R11M 3aH$lTbI) M YCTaHOBJIeHHOM HanpaBJIeHHM ABIDKeHIDI;
- MCTOtffiMKI1 3JIeK1pOnHTaHMH (BHeIliIDIe, aKKYMYJUlTOpHbIe 6arnpeH
HAP.) MCnOJlb3yeTCH HH<popMaQIDI 0 3HaQeHIDIX HanpIDKeHMH nHTa-
HHR YCTpOHCTB CUE.
nOlI aemOMamUtteCKOU 3aw,umou nOHMMaeTC$I aBTOMaTlflIecKoe o6ec-
neqeHMe 6e30naCHbIXJI)UI 3aLIJ:MLIJ:aeMbIX 06DeKTOB (06DeKTOB 3alUHTbI)
pe:>KHMOB <PYHKI.U10HHpoBaHIDI, T.e. pe>KHMOB, YCTaHOBJIeHHbIX TeXHJ11lec-
KOH ,noK}'MeHTalJ.MeH Ha o6DeKT. B 3KCII.1IYaT MOHHbIX YCJIOBlliIX peaJIl1-
3yeTcH aBTOMaTlNeCKaSI 3alllHTa YCTJ)OHCTB CUE OT B03AeHCTBIDI nepe-
Hanp.SDKeHMU M TOKOBbIX neperpY30K, OT BJIIDIHIDI 3JIeKTpOMarHHTHbIX
nOMex, OT BOJAeHCTBHSI MeTeOpOnOrnqeCKl1X <}JaKTopOB 11 AP.
CMCTeMbl M YCTPOHCTBa CUE xapaKTepM3yK>TCH TeppMTOpMaJIbHOH
paccpe.noroQeHHOCTblO anrrapa1)1JbI, T.e. ynpaBJUIeMble M KOHTpOJIMpye-
MbIe 06beKTbI MOryr HaxO,nHTbCH Ha 3HaQl1TeJIbHOM y,n8JIeHMM (OT He-
CKOJIbKHX eCRTKOB MeTPOB lIO ,neCJlTKOB KIDIOMe1]JOB) OT annapa1)'pbI
ynpaRJIeHMH M KOHlpOJUl. IIo3TOMY cyr.QecmyeT Heo6xo):U1MOCTb peaJIM-
3aQMM <PYHKU.MH ynpaBJIeHIDI M KOHlpOJUI Ha paCCTOHHMM. TaKOM cno-
co6 06MeHa MH<l>oPMa eH Ha3bIBaeTCH me/leMexaHUtteCKUM, a CMCTeMbI,
peaJIM3yK>ll1He ero, Cucme.MaMU me/leMexaHUKU. B cocraB CHCTeMbI Te-
""
neMeXaHHKH BXOMT ycrpoHCTBa nyHKTa ynpaBJIeHIDI H KOHTpOJIHpyeMbIX
II
(I1CnOJIHHTeJIbHbIX) rryHKTOB, a TaIOKe annapa1)'pa nepe,naQM HH<l>oPMa-
QI1I1 (KaHaJIbI CB$I311).
CI1CTeMbI TeJIeMeXaHI1IG1 peaJII13YlOT CJIeAyK>ll1I1e OCHOBHbIe cPYH-
KQI1I1 [39]:
· me.rzeynpa8AeHue ynpaR1IeHl1e COCTOJlHl1eM (nOJlO)l(eIDIeM) I1CK-
peTHbIX 11 HenpepbIBHbIX o6neKTOB; TeJIeynpaRJIeHl1e HenpepbIBHbIMI1
o6'beKTaMI1 Ha3bIBaeTCH me.rzepeZY/lUp06aHUeM;
· me.rzeCU2HGJlU3au,WI nOJlyqeHl1e I1H4>opMaQHH 0 COCTOHHI1I1 yrr-
paBJUIeMbIX 11 KOHTpOJIl1pyeMhIX 06DeKTOB;
· me.rzeU3MepeHue nonyqeHMe I1H<l>oPMaQHI1 0 3Haqemmx napaMeT-
pOB ynpaBJUleMbIX 11 KoHtpOJIl1pyeMblx 06DeKTOB.
OCHOBIIbIX 3J1CMClffOB aBTOMaTHKH
H TeJlCMexmBIKH
nI06a.R CI1CTeMa aBTOMaTIII<H 11 TeJIeMeXaHHKH COCTOHT 113 OT eJIbHbIX
3JIeMeHTOB. no 3/leMeHmOM CMCTeMbI nOHI1MaeTCH npOCTeHlllee ()])UI
paCCMalpl1BaeMOH CI1CTeMbI) YCTpOHCTBO, npe06pa3yK>ll1ee BXOJI1fble CHf-
HaJIbI B BbIXOl{Hble.
OCHOBHbIe 3JIeMeHTbI CI1CTeM )I{eJIe3HO OpO}I(HOH aBTOMaTHIGII1 Te-
JIeMe MO)f(HO npOKJIaCCHcPHltHpoBaTh no CJIe.L(ylOI1U1M rrpM3HaKaM:
· no cnoc06y npe06pa306aHUR CU2HGJl08 3JIeMeHTbI, BbIllOJIH$lIOll1l1e
KOJlW-leCTBeHHOe, KaqeCTBeHHOe H I1H<l>oPMaUl10HHOe npeo6paJOBaHMe.
npH KOJlU"IeCm6eHHOM npe06pa306aHUU BXO HbIe M BbIXO HbIe CHfHaJIbI
HMelOT O I1HaKOByK> pa3MepHOCTb, HO Pa3JII1QHble 3HaqeHIDI, npl1 KaEle-
cm8eHHOM npe06pa306aHUU BXO.AHble M BbIXOJ].HbIe CHIHaJIbI HMelOT pa3JIWI-
HyIO pa3MepHOCTb. ITOA UHrjxJPMQII,UOHHbLM npe06pa3oeaHUeM nOHHMaeTCR
or06pIDKeHHe Ha BbIXO.nax 3JIeMeHTa HH<l>oPMaQl1I1 0 3HaqeHIDIX Cl1THaJIOB
Ha ero BXOAax (oT06p3.)KeHMe I1H<l>oPMalU111 0 COCTORHI1I1 BXO OB);
· no xapaKmepy 3a6UCUMocmu U3.MeHeHUR 6blXOdoozo CU2HaJla om U3.Me-
HeHWl exodHOZO CU2HaJla 3JIeMelITbI HenpepblBHoro 11 AHCKpeTHoro eH-
CTBHH. ECJII1 npl1 HenpepbIBHOM 113MeHeHI111 BXOllHoro Cl1fHaJIa BbIXO -
......
HOM Cl1rHaJI 113MeH$leTC.H HenpepbIBHO, TO 3JIeMeHT CqmaeTCH 3AeMeHmOM
Henpepbl8HOZO oeucm6UR ECJII1 npl1 Hel1pepbIBHOM 113MeHeHI111 BXO,ltHOrO
CmHana BbIXOJIJlOH ClITHaJI H3MeH$leTCH CKalfl<oo6pa3HO, TO 3JIeMem Cql1-
meTeH 3AeMeHmOM dUCK.pemHOZO oeucm6Wl.
· 63a6ucUMocmu om 6blnOJlHJleMbLX fjJYHKlI,UU 6 CucmeMe Haq3JIbHble
(113MepHTeJIbHble), npoMexyrOqHbIe (ynpaBJUIIOll{l1e) 11 KOHel.lHbIe (I1C-
nOJIHHTeJIbHbIe) 3JIeMeHTbI.
12
HallaJlbHble (U3MepUmeJlbHble) 3JIeMeHTbI CJIY)lffiT JI)rn 4>OpMl1pOBaHIffi
HH<l>oPMaUHH, Heo6xol(HMOH llillI pa60TbI CHCTeMbl, HarrpHMep, HH<l>oP-
MaUlllI 0 COCTOHHHH yqacTKoB nyrl1, nOJIO)KeHHH ClpeJIOK, TeXHWleCKOM
v
COCTOHHHH CHCTeM H ycrpOHCTB, BKJII01.JasI 3JIeMeHTbI rrym: H nO)UJIDKHO-
fO COCTaBa, 3Ha1.JeHHHX pa3JIH1.JHhIX napaMe1pOB YCTpOHCTB CUE H BHe-
lllHHX B03AeHCTBHH HAP. K 3TOMY I<J1accy MO)f(HO orneCTM 11 3neMeHTbI,
oc e lI.tHe 3alI.tmy ycrpoHCTB CUE OT BJIIDIHIDI pa3JIH1.JHbIX Aec-
Ta6I1JIH3HpyK>ll{HX <l>aKTOpOB (nepeHanpIDKeHHH, rrOMex, BJIIDIHIi51 APY-
rnx YClpOHCTB, BJIIffiHIffi OKpf)KalOlI.teH cpeAbI HAP.), a TaIOKe HCT01.JHH-
KI1 3J1eKTponHTaHIffi H <l>oPMHpOBaTeJIH paJJIWlHbIX CHfHaJIOB.
IIpoMeJICymollHble (ynpa6JlJlIOUI,Ue) 3JIeMeHTbI npeAHa3Ha1.JeHbl ,l])I
peaJIH3aQI111 aJIrOpJ1TMOB cPYI-IKltI10HHpOBaHIDI CHCTeM. 3TH 3JIeMeHTbI
BblnOJlHHIOT TaKl1e cPYHKl.{HH, KaK cPI1KcaQIDI, IllHcPPOBaHHe, nepeAa1.Ja,
npHeM 11 paCIllHcPPOBKa ynpaBJUlIOll{MX KOMaHJl (rrpHKa30B), rrpOBepKa
YClIOBHH 6e30naCHOCTH ABlDKeHIDI noe3AoB, peaJIH3aUHH nOfHQeCKI1X
3aBHCHMOCTeH, MaTeMaTMqeCKHe BbI1.JHCJIeHIffi, YCl1J1eHHe H npeo6pa30-
BaHMe Cl1fH3JIOB HAP.
KOHer.tllble (ucnOIlHUmeJlbllble) 3JIeMeHTbI HerrocpeACTBeHHO B03AeM-
CTBYIOT Ha 06DeKTbI ynpaBJIeHIffi.
KJIaccH<l>HKaQIDI H B03MO}l(l-lOCTM npHMeHeHIDI OCHOBHbIX 3JIeMeH-
'-"
TOB CMCTeM )KeJIe3HOAOp0}l(H0I1 aBTOMaTMKI1 H TeJIeMeXaHHKH nOKa3aHbI
BTa6JI.2.1.
PaCCM01pHM Ha3Ha1.JeHHe OCHOBHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB CHCTeM CUE.
,aa npeAHa3Ha1.JeHbI,lI,illI <l>oPMHpoBaHIffi I1H<l>oPMaUHH 0 COCTO-
HHHH OtTheKTOB ynpaR1IeHIDI H KOHTpOJIH. BbIXOllHIDI HHcPopMal.(IDI llaT-
1.JHKOB, I1cnOJIb3yeMbIX B CHCTeMax CUE, npeACTaR11eHa B B e 3J1eKTPH-
qeCKHX CHfH3JIOB. aT4l1KaMM COCTOHHIffi H30JIHpoBaHHbIX yqaCTKoB nyrH
(cBo6oAHoe I1JIH 33.IDITOe, eJ]OCTHOCTb peJIbCOBbIX HHTeM) HR11HIOTCH
peJlbC08ble l1enu. TaIOKe Aa1'lHKaMH Ha3bIBaIOT YC1pOHCTBa, BbIpa6aTblBa-
IOlI.tHe 3JIeKTpHQeCKHe CHrHaJIbl (qall1e Bcero nOCJIeAOBaTeJIbHOCTI1
HMfIYJIbCOB TOKa), He06xoAHMble JI)rn pa60Tbl JIPyrnx YClpOMCfB aBTOMa-
THKH H TeJIeMeXaHHKI1.
reHcpaTopbI H 3J1CKTpO)J.BHraTeJIH 3TO 3JIeKTpl11.JeCKHe MalllHHbI,
npeAHa3Ha1.JeHHbIe,ll,illl npe06pa30BaHIffi 3HeprHI1: reHepaTOpbl npeo6pa-
3yIOT MexaHWIecK)'IO 3HeprHIO B 3neKTPWlecKyIO, 3JIeKTpO Bl1raTeJIH
3JIeK1pWlecKyIO 3HepmlO B MexaHJ11-lecK}'IO. B nOJIynpoBO,lJ.ID1KOBOM 11 MHK-
po3JIeK1pOHHOH annapaTYPe zeHepamopOM Ha3bIBaeTCH 3JIeKTPOHHoe YC-
TpOHCfBO, BbIpa6aTblBalOll{ee HanpIDKeHHe I1J1H TOK, 3Ha1.JeHHe KOTopom
13
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KJIaCcuclJuKaQUR OCHOBHLIX 3JIeMeHTOB CUCTeM )KAT
fl0 xapaKTepy H3MeHeHfUI
110 cnoco6y npeo6pa30" 8blXOllHoro CHfHa.J1a 8 B03MO:)KHOCTb HCnOnb30BaHI-UI B CHCTeMe B
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3neMeHTbI HHH BXO.l{HOrO CHfHCL1a
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rapMOHH1.JeCKHe KOJIe6aHIDI, npRMOyroJIbHble HMnYJIbCbl, JII1Hei1Ho M3Me-
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'-"
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'-" '-"
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BaTeJIM.. ABmoMamulfecKue BblKJllOlIameJlU npol13BOIDIT OTKJIlOqeHHe nepe-
rp}')KeHHoH QenH OT I1CTOIlHI1Ka nmaHIDI C nocJIe.nyromHM aBTOMaTJ1 eC-
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peHanpSDKeHHi1).
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TeXHOJIOrl1i1:. 3JIeMeHTaMM TaKHX CJ1CTeM RBJlJlIOTCR: A02UlIeCKue 3AeMeH-
mbl, npe1lH33HaqeHHhle}l)TSI BblnOJIHeHIDI Ha60pa JIOrn1..JeCKHX onepal.lJ1i1;
rjJYHKlI,UOHl1IlbHble 3JleJWenmbl, BblnOJIHRlOlUHe pa3JII1IlHhIe onepaUI1H, CBSI-
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M nepcOHaJIbHble KOMnblOrepbI).
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paMeTpOB 3J1eKIp03HeprnH (HanpSDKeHIDI, 1UKa, llaCTOThI). JLrrn 3TI1X :ue-
15
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nepeMeHHOrO TOKa) MCnOJIb3YIOTCH BbmpJlMUmeJlU; .IJ)UI npe06pa30BaHIUI
nocTORHHoro TOKa B nepeMeHHblH - UHBepmOpbl; .IJ)UI npeo6paJOBaHIUI
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npIDKeHWI - KOH8epmopbl; lI)UI npeo6pa30BaHWI nepeMeHHoro TOKa 011-
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nepeMeHHbI:H TOK 11PyrOH llaCTOTbI - npe06pG306ameAU l.IaCmOmbl.
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Heo6xOAHMOCTblO o6pa6oTKl1I1H<t>oPMaQIill, npe,L(CTaBJIeHHOH KaK B aHa-
JIOroBOH (HenpepbIBHble CHfHaJIbI), TaK H B I..01<l>POBOH (QI1<l>poBbIe KO,lI,bI)
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CMfH3Jl113aI..(H11 Ha }KeJIe3HbIX Aoporax POCCI1HCKOM <I>e,L(epalJ)1M [12].
16
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30BaHI1eM 3JIeKTpl11.JeCKOH 3Heprnl1. B CHCTeMax CUE I1cnORb3YlOTCR
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nOJIb3yJOTCSI CJIeJIYIOllU1e OCHOBHhIe CHCTeMbI 11 ycrpoHCTBa CUE [30, 36]:
· nyreBoH aBTOMaTlflecKoM H nonyaBTOMaTJ11.JeCKOH fuIOKJ1poBKJ1;
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17
· aBTOMaTWIecKoro ynpaBJIeHIDI TOpMO}l(eHMeM noe a;
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11 MeCT ropHbIX 06BaJIOB;
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fuIIDKeH1111 noe311a;
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ro COCTaBa Ha XOJJY noeJ,aa, B TOM qJ1CJIe ycrpoHCTBa 06Hap eHIDI nepe-
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pernaJOIIleM)' nOKa33.H1i1O BbIXOAHOrO CBeTO<l>opa, npl1eM Ha CTaHI..{I1IO -
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perOH,! npeL\Bapl1TeJIbHO cornaCOBaB CBOI1 L\eHCTBHR IIO TeJIe<l>oHY. 3aK-
pbIBalOTCR CBeTO<l>Opbl aBTOM3TI1QecKI1 npl1 BCTYIIJIeHHI1 noe3.LJ:a Ha or-
p aeMhle I1MI1 yqaCTIQ1 rryrH.
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neperoH)'. npl1 He06xonHMoCTI1 nOBbIrneHIDI nponycKHoH cIIoco6Hocrn
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npH nAB KOHTpOJIb IIpl16bITM.fI noe3Aa Ha CTaHI..{MJO npl1eMa B non-
HOM COCTaBe OCyJ.l.{eCTRTIRIOT .n.e)l(ypHble no CTaHU)ffiM, .L\e}J(ypHble no ny-
18
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B L(eJI5IX nOBbIllIeHI1JI 6e30naCHOCTH l(BIDKeHI1JI IIOJIyaBToMaTHtleCKasI
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.... .....
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neperOH Ii "pl1 npJ16bITI1J1 Ha COCeL\HIOIO CTaHL(J11O [23, 58]. nOJIyqeH-
Hble pe3YRbTaTbI cpaBHHBaIOTCR.. ECJII1 pe3YJIbTaTbl nOL\cqern oceH paB-
HbI, '-ITO 03HatlaeT npu6bITI1e noe3 a Ha CTaHl.{HIO B nORHOM COCTaBe, TO
B CHCTeMY nAE BbLUaeTCR Cl1fHaJI CB06olI.Horo COCTORHIDI neperOHa H
Ha neperOH MO)((eT 6blTb OmpaBJIeH CJIeAYlOlUl1H noe3JJ:.. EC..TIM pe3YJIb-
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JI.BIDKeHIffi noe3JJ.OB.
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RJ1TC Ha OTL\eJIbHble yqaCTKM - 6JIOK-yqacTKH, orp aeMbIe npoxo,lI.-
HbIMI1 CBeTO OpaMJ1.. CJ1rHaJIbHoe nOKaJaHHe K oro cBeTO<t>opa aB-
TOMaTH1.JeCKH onpe,lI.eJUleTCR B 3aBJ1CJ1MOCTJ1 OT KORl1tleCTBa CBo60,lI.HbIX
6JIOK-yqacTKoB, pacnOJIO)l(eHHbIX Bnepe,nH. 3aIDITb[H 6JIOK-yqacToK H.TIJ1
6JIOK-yqacToK, QeJIOCTHOCTb peJIbCOBbIX HUTeH KOTOporo HapyrneHa, or-
pIDKlI.aeTeSl 3arrpeIllalOlUHM CHfHaJIOM. MallMHJ1CT JIOKOMOTI1Ba ycraHaB-
JII1BaeT CKOpocTb J])JIDKeHI1R noe3J(a B COOTBeTCTBJ111 C CJ1fHaJIbHbIM no-
KaJaHHeM pacnOJIO)l(eHHoro Bnepe,nH cBeT$pa.
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nonyrHoro CJIeL\OBaHIDI..
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3aKpbI1IDI CBeTOcPopa B cnyqae nepexo.na C oeHoBHoro H3 pe3epBHOe 3JIeK-
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JJ.BIDKeHJ1e no KIDKllOMY nyrl1, nOCJIe OTKpbITIDI Ha CTaHL{J1J1 BbIXO)lHOro
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BblXOJUIbIX CBeTOcPoPOB}])IH O1TIpaBJIeHIDI noe3J\OB Ha 3TOT )l(e neperoH B
nparJ1BOnOJIO)I(HOM HanpaRJIeHJ1J1.
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19
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20
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COM RTII1 rrOJI.BI1)I(HbIM CepD.eQHHKOM H YCOBI1KOM 4 MM 11 6oJIee; OTBOlUIT
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21
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22
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23
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l1Hij>opMaIJ.HOHHblH 06MeH C aBI'OMaTI13lipOBaHHbIMH CI1CTeMaMH ynPaB-
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(O,nHoro ypOBIDI); aBTOMaTI1331{111O pa3JIH1.IHblX 4>YHKUHH ynpaBJUlIOll{e-
ro nepCOHaJIa.
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nynbTbI (rn6rro) )J,Cll C1alIQliH, orpaHWllIBalO l1X neperoH.
nepeceQeHIDI XeJIe3HbIX ,nopor Ha O,nHOM ypOBHe C aBTOM06HJlbHbI-
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neQeHIDI6e30nacHOCfH J].BIDKeHIDI noe OB 11 aBTmpaHcnOPTHbIX CpeAcm
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UlJIar6aYMaMI1.
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24
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· CHCTeMbI 06Hap}')KeffiUI BOJIOqaIllHXCSI .neTaJIeH;
· CHCTeMbI 06Hap}')KeHJ.UI AeclJeKTOB KOJleC no KPyry KaTaHJ.UI;
· CHCTeMbI 06Hap}')KeHJ.UI OTKJIOHeHHH BepXHero ra6apHTa nOABIDK-
HOro COCTaBa;
· CHCTeMbI 06Hap}')KeHJ.UI neperpyJa BaroHOB.
llepeqHCJIeHHble CpeACTBa, COrJIaCHO TpeooBaHJ.UIM llT3, o6ecneqH-
BaJOT nepeJ{aqy l( Cll H HU UH«l>oPMaUI1H 0 HaJIH1llf11 H pacnOJIO:>KeHID1
B noe3)J.e Hel1CnpaBHoro nOABIDKHoro COCTaBa 11 BH)J,e HeHcnpaBHOCTH;
MalllHHHCTy JIOKOMOrnBa HH«l>oPMaUl111 0 HaJIWIHH B noe e HeHcnpaB-
HOro nO)J.BIDKHoro COCTaaa.
COBpeMeHHbIe MHKponpoQeCCOpHbJe CpeACTBa KOI-lTpOJUI nO,nBIDKHO-
ro COCTaBa n03BOJUllOT ocyraecTBHTb 06ne,lI,HHeHHe OTAeJIbHbIX CHCTeM B
e HH«l>oPMaI.U10HH)'IO CeTb aBTOMarn3HpOBaHH)1O CHCTeM}' KOH-
1])0JUI nO BIDKHoro COCTaBa (ACK IlC). C031(aHHe ACK IlC,naeT B03-
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HWIeCKOM COCTOSlHHH nO)J.BIDKHoro COCIaaa H co6cTBeHHoH annapa1)1)bl
cpenCTB KOHTpOJlSI H nepeLIaqy 3TOH HH«l>oPMaI..(I1H B JIHHeHHble nOAPaJne-
JIemm ()nf CU.E, I TeXllW-leCKoro HID! BafOHOB,
BaroHHble Aeno), B bI H AenapTaMelITbI aBTOMaTIOO1 H TeJIeMexaHH-
....
KH H BaroHHoro X03HHCTBa, B JJ.HcneTtlepcKHe QeH1])bI ynpaBJIeHIDI nepe-
B03KaMH; OTCJIe}J{J{BaTb AHHaMm<y H3MeHeHIDI TeXHH'leCKoro COCTOSIHIDI
nOABIDKHoro COCTaB3.11 3a CqeT 3TOro CBOeBpeMeHHO 06Hap Tb 11 YC-
TpaHSlTb HeHcnpaBHOC11i; 06ecrret.JHBaTb 3KcrmyaraIUiOHHOM}' nepcOHaJIy
AOCTyn K onepanmHoH I1H«l>oPMaUHH B peaJIbHOM BpeMeHI1.
25
neperoHbI C aBT06JIOKHpoBKOH 11 CTaHWfI1 C 3JIeKTpW1eCKOH eH'rpa-
JII13allHeH 060py SI aemOMamU'IeCKUMU ycmpoiiCmeOMu On08ew,eHUJl
o npu6.nU:JICeHUU noe3iJa pa6OTHI1KOB, BbInOJIIDIlOl1{l1X pa60TbI Ha nyrIDC.
B HacroSlll(ee BpeWi Ha HeKOTOpbIX CTaHI..(HIDC, B OCHOBHOM Ha Ma-
....
nonesrreJIbHbIX yqacTKaX, HaxO,lUlTCSI B 3KcnrryaTaQI1H yC'fI)Ol1cma KJIIO-
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KOmpOJIbHbIX 3aMKOB. 3TH ycrpOHCTBa npl1MeHSlIOTCSI npl1 pyqHOM yn-
paBJIeIDII1 crpeJIKaMl1, KOr.n:a KIDI<D.aSI crpe.1IKa nepeBOAHTCSI Bp npl1
nOMOll(11 nepeBoAHoro CTaHKa, paCnOnO:>KeHHoro HenOCpeACTBeHHO y
C1peJIKH.1IlI$I nOBblllleHlUI 6e30nacHOCTH ABIDKeHlUI nOe OB npHMeIDI-
IOTCSI MapllIpyrHo-KOH1pOJIbHbIe ycrpoHCTBa (MKY), 06ecne'illBaIOll(He
KOH1'pOJIb CO CTOpOHbI LI. en .n:eMCTBHH crpe.rrOt.lHHKOB no nepeBony crpe-
u ....
nOK H He n03BOillIIOIl1He OTKpbITb BXOAHOH HJIH BbIXOJn{OI1 CHfHaJI, eCJIH
MapllIpyr npHfOTOB1IeH HenpaBHlIbHO.
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qa TOJlbKO npl1 3anepTOM crpeJIKe; 3anl1palOT crpeJIKI1 TOJlbKO B nOJ1O:>Ke-
HHH, yJ<aJaHHOM Ha BbIHyrOM H3 3aMKa KJIlOqe, npH YCJIOBI1H nJIOTHoro
npHlIeraHlUI OClpHKa K paMHOMY peJIbCY; He .n:onycKalOT B03MO)f(HOCTH
3aIllfpaHMSI crpelIKI1 npH 3a30pe Me}l{J]y npIDKaTbIM OC1pSlKOM H paMHbIM
peJIbCOM 4 MM H 60Ree.
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m crpe1IOK H CHfHaJIOB He AorrycKaeTCSI rrpHMeHeHHe crpe.rrO'IHbIX KOHT-
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Ae6HbIX MapllIpyroB 33.MKHYfbI.
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Ha AaT'Il1KJ.1 COCTO HIDI 11 napaMel])HlIeCKHe AaT'II1KJ.1.
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uerrn, naT'Il1KJ.1 npoxona KOJIeC 11 naT'IIiKH KOH1pOJUI ra6apl1Ta nOll)3IDK-
Horo COCTaBa, a"fllI1KH HaJIWIIDI 1paHcnOpTHbIX CpeACTB B 30He KOHlpO-
1IH, paJJIWllIbIe noporOBble a"flrnKH, pearnp}'101UI1e Ha .nOCTH)I(eHl1e KOH-
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HI1KH. K 3TOM)' KJIaccy OTHOCSlTC MWITHIiKOBble 1paHCMl1TIepbI, KOAO-
BbIe nyreBble 1paHCMl1rrepbI, reHepaTopbI I1MnyJIbCOB 11 AP.
BbIXOAHWI I1H<popMal.{ID1 naTIII1KOB, I1cnOJIb3yeMbIX B cHcTeMax >Ke-
JIe3HOAOpO)KHOH aBTOMaTIiKH H TeJIeMeXaHI1KH, npeJ}.CTaBJ1eHa B Bl1Ae
27
3JIelCTpMLJeCKHX Cl1rHaJIOB. B 3a6UCUMocmu om cnoco6a npeo6pa306aHUR
6XOOHOU uHljxJpMall,UU, MHaLJe roBOpSl, 63a6UCUMocmu om 6uoa (l/JU3ultec-
KOU npupoi)bl) exoiJHblX CUZHaJl0811a1'lHKH MO}f(HO KJIaCCI1<t>UUMpoBafb, KaK
nOKaJaHO B Ta6JI. 3.1.
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ee Marnl1TI-10H LlenM. MarHMTHoe COnparHRlIeHl1e M3MeIDIeTCR JIH60 npl1
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KOM I1«DYUMpYeTCR 3L(C. 11 l1oHHble lla1'lMKI1, nOJIytIMBllll1e HaM-
60nbUJee pacnpoCTpaHeHl1e B cHcTeMax )l(A.T, MMelOT LJ:Be OCHOBHbIe
pa3HOBH.lI.HOCTH - MarHHTOI11-ll1YKJJ:HOHHble I1I1HDYKUHOHHble 3JIeJcrpO-
MarnHTHbIe. Y MarnHTOMH)JyKLlMOHHbIX JI(l'fqHKOB CBSl3YlOmee MarnHT-
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Hoe none nOCTOHHHoe, ero McroI.JHI1KOM SlBillIeTCs:J nOCTOflHHblH MarnHT.
Y I1HDYKUMOHHbIX 3JIeJcrpOMarHHTHbIX JJ;a"fllJ.1KOB CBSl3yJOlL\ee Mallil1TI-1oe
none nepeMeHHoe, era Hcro'lHMKOM RRlTReTCR I1CTOI.JHMK nepeMeHHoro
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XO HblX CHrHaJIOB 11«DYKIJ.110HHble 3JIeK1pOMafHl1THble JJ;a1'l11KH Ha3bI-
BaIOT Aa1'II1KaMM D.11<t><t>epeHlll1aJIbHO-Tj)aHc<t>oPMaTopHoro rnna
28
B 3a6UCUMocmu om cnoco6a KOMMymall,UU 3AeKmpUlieCKUX lI,eneii )1,aT-
LJI1KH MO)f(H.O pa)AeJIHTb Ha KonmaKmHble M 6ecKonmaKmHble.
aT'-lHKH TaIOKe MO>KHO p33AeJII1Th Ha naCCU6Hble ()J.MI pa60TbI ,naTlill-
Ka Heo6xo,lJ,I1M BHelllHI1H I1CTOI.JHMK nHTaHIfiI) M aKmU6Hbie (JJ;aT4I1K pa-
6araeT fie3 BHelllHero MCTOLJHHKa fiHTaHKSI).
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11111J)()KO HCnOJIb3yeMbIX B CI1CTeMax 11 ycrpoHCTBaX CUE.
JI,am'lUKu npoxoOa KOJleC npHMeH.suoTCJI B CI1CfeMax, r)1,e Tpe6YeTCH no)1,-
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HOro COCTaBa Ha Xo.uy noe3,aa [44] npMMeHSlIOTCfI B OCHOBHOM lla1'll1KH
MarnI1T0I1HJIYKIJ;110HHOro Tl1na nEM-56, M-88, M-95M, M-99,
IlIMn -93, pe)l(e - ,naTY:HKH aBTOreHeparopHoro Tl1na 50 M L(aT4I1KH
3JIeK1pOHHhle}]AC; Ha COpnlpOBOIffibIXropKaX [56, 57] - nEM-56 M,UaT-
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Hee nOCTOJlHHblM MafHHTOM 3. rIpl1 YCTaHOBKe paccroJlHl1e OT roJIOBKH
peJIbCa 1 )1,0,na1'lHKa BbI6HpaeTC.SI TIlKHM, IfT06bI npl1 IIIX>XO)1,e KOJIeca 003-
.uyrnHbIM 3a3Op Me)lQ()' Ipe6HeM 11 MarJ-IJffOM 6bUl M.HHI1.MaJIbHbIM, HO oc-
TaTOLJHbIM JI)UlI1CKJDOLIeHillI MexaHMLJeCKoro KOHTaKTaL{IDKe npH MaKCI1-
MaJIbHO B03MO>KHOM IIIX>KaTe KOJIeca. KOHC1pYKJ.UUIl(al'lHKa MCK1llOQaeT
nepeMemeHHH MaIHHTa BHyrpM OT JI:eHCfBIDI BH6pal1.HH npl1 npo-
XO,lJ,e noe311a, qro o6ecneqHBaeT M8JIbIH ypoBeHb nOMex ,na'NHKa.
aT'-lMK pa60TaeT CJIeJIYlOJ.J..UiM 06Pa30M. llpl1 OTCyrcTBl111 KOJ1eCa B
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ro MamHTa 3aMKHYf qepe3 J<pene>KHoe ycrpoHCTBO, peJIbC 11 B03,lJy1llHbIH
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29
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(pl1c. 3..1, 6) npo"CXOlU1T 113MeHe-
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MOMeHT HaxO:>KlIeHHH ueHTpa KO-
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npHHUl1n ,neHCTBI1J1 iJamlfuKo6
aemOceHepamOpH020 muna 50 OCHO-
BaH Ha cpbIBe aBTOIeHepl1pyeMbIX KO-
ne6aHI1H npH 3axo,ne Koneca B 30HY
IIYBCTBHTeJIbHOCTH ,naTllHKa (250-
300 MM Han ueH'IpOM J{aT'lI1Ka).
3JleKmpOHHbie iJamltUKU AC
([(aTIrnK ManrnpYIDllU1HcH C'llITbIBa-
101J.J)1ti), MC-A (JJ:afLlI1K MarrrnpYID-
II.U1MCH C1..JJffbIBaIOII.U1M, aH3JIoroBbIH)
11 MC-A+ (JJ:aNHK a,u,arrrnpYIDII.U1M-
...... v
CH CI.JMTblBalOll{I1]1, aHaJIOrOBbIJ1, no-
JIO)I(HTeJIbHOH nOJIHpHOCTI1) I1MelOT
PM OTnl1QI1TeJIbHbIX oco6eHHOCTeH.
BHyrpl1 MaI1fl1THOH IUJIOBKH J(aT-
LJI1Ka HaxO,nI1TCJI 3JIeKTpoHHIDI cxe-
Ma, 3aJIHTaSI CneUMaJIbHbIM KOMna-
YH,nOM. OCHOBHbIMM 3JIeMeHTaMI1
....
3JIeKTpoHHOH CXeMbI.HBJrnIOTCH BbI-
cOKOCTa6HJIbHbIH nMTalOll{I1H reHe-
paTop C IIaCfOTOH 65 IOu, l1B-
u v
HbIH qyBCTBI1TeJIbHbIJ1 MOCT, IIOporo-
u
Boe YCTPOHCTBO 11 CMCTeMa
a,nanTaI.U111 K YCJIOBIDIM OKp}')KalOll{eH CpelIPL nO,nKJIIOLJeHHe nMTalOme-
......
ro reHepaTOpa K I1H)::(yKTI1BHOM}' MOC'JY H nO.L(KJIIOLJeHHe qyBCTBHTeJ1bHOI1
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rJIaCyJOllU1e TpaHc<l>oPMaTopbI.
npl1 npoxo,ne KOJIeca B 30He AeHCTBH.H Aa'flIHKa npoI1CXO,lUIT pa36arraH-
Cl1poBaHl1e MOCTa, BbI3BaHHoe I13MeHeHHeM HOCTM em aKTI1BHbIX
Ka1)'llleK M IIOTepmlli Ha BHXpeBbIe TOKH, B03HHKalOl.IJ}Ie B KOJIece. Cpa6a-
ThlBaeT IIOporoBOe YClpOHCTBO I{ <l>oPMH])YeT Ha BbIXo,ne ,n;a'flIHKa HMTIyJIbC
aIpl1I.{aTeJIbHOH (n)JJIMOyroJIhHbIH Y MC M KOJIOKOJIoo6pa3HbIH Y MC-A)
KJII1 IIOJIO}l(UTfJJbHOH (KOJIoKOJIoo6pa3Hbrn Y MC-A+) nOllilpHOCTM..
HHiJyKlI,UOHHblU 3fleKmpOMa2HumHblu (ouf/xjJepeHll,UaJlbHO-mpaHcrjJopMa-
mopHblii) OamltUK n50-80 (pMC. 3.3) COCTOIIT M3 MarnHTHOH IUJIOBKH 1,
peryJIl1pOBOLJHblX IIpOKJIa;J.OK 2, nnaT<popMbI 4 11 KplOKOBoro 60nTa 6.
260:1:3
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a - npH OTcyrCTBI1H KOJ1eca; 6 - npH npOXOlle KOJ1eCa
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npoBo,n8 - Cl1fHaJIbHbIH 2 11 KOMneHCl1pyrollll1:M 5 C 06MOTKaMI1 COOT-
BeTCTBeHHO wIc' w2c 11 wI K ' W2K.
llpl1HQl1n n;eHCTBIffi ,n81'111Ka COCTOHT B CJIe,uyIOll{eM. H8npIDKeHI1e
I1CTOIJHI1Ka nl1TaHIDI Mll (20::!:2 B, 50 fu) noc1)'I1aeT H8 06MOTKH wlc 11
wI K' c03,naBIDI ABa M8rHHTHbIX nOTOKa - CHrHaJIbHbIH C])c H KOMneHCI1-
pyroll{I1H C])K' HaBOJI.Hll{l1e 3L(C B 06MOTKax w2c H W2K. npl1 orcyrcTB1111
KOJIeC8 B 30He YCTaHOBKI1 ,n81':111K8 (pl1c. 3.3, a) M8rHI1THbIH nOTOK C])c
3aMKH)'f LJepe3 rOJIOBK)' peJIbCa H BOJ,nyllIHbIe 3a30pbI, a M8lliHTHblH no-
TOK C])K - LJepe3 nOn;OWBY peJIbCa, Kpene>KHoe ycrpOHCrBO H B03JIYllIHbIe
3a30pbI. M8rHI1THbIe noroKl1 C])c 11 C])K OTJIWl81OTCH no 8Mrmmy,ne, <l>a3e
111J8CTOTe, CJIe,nOBaTeJIbHO, HaBo,nI1MbIe I1MI1 3L(C B ClITHaJIbHOH 11 KOM-
neHcHp}'IOll{eH 06MoTKax TaIOKe paJJ1W1Hhl. H8 BbIXOn;e ,n;a1'll1Ka I1MeeT-
CH Cl1rHaJI paCCTpOHKH, KOTOpbIH KOMneHCl1pyeTCR B npeo6pa30B8TeJIe
Cl1rHaJIOB nc - Ha BbIXo.ne nc Cl1lliaJI paBeH flYJIIO.
llpH npoxo,ne Ipe6ID1 KOJIeca 8 B BOJ,nyllIHOM 3a30pe (pl1c. 3.3, 6) npo-
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HaJIOB nOJlBillleTCR Cl1rnaJI HaJIWllfSI KOJIeca B 30He YCTaHOBIGf ,n;a1'lHKa.
y CTpOHCTBO uHiJYK UOHHOZO 3AeKmpOMa2HumH020 iJamltUKa L{ll3 II
n0Ka38HO H8 pHC. 3.4. BHYTPI1 M8rHHTHOH rOJIOBKH ,n81'111Ka (M8rHIIT-
HIDI rOJIOBKa H 31IeMeHThl KpermeHIDI D,aTllHKa K peJIbCY H8 pl1C. 3..4 He
nOKa3aHbI) YCTaHOBJleHhl H Op 5, pacnOnO:>KeHHbIH napanJIeJIbHO
peJIbCY 6, I1lJeTbIpe Ka1)'llIKI1 1-4 C OJ(HHaKOBbIM QI1CJIOM BI1TKOB. Ka-
32
6
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MTCR LJ:aJIbllie OT peJIbCa, 4eM KaT)'llJKH 311 4.
McroQHI1K nlITaHI151 HIT (Hanp$l)l(eHHe 24-42 B, qacroTa 71,4 KfU)
reHepl1PYeT TOK, KOTOpbIH, nporeKa51 no l1H.LJYKToPY, C03,aaeT nepeMeH-
Hoe MarHI1THoe none. MarnlITHble nOTOKJ1, 3aMKHyfble Qepe3 ronOBKY
peJIbCa, B03,lJ;yrnHble 3a30phl M cep,ne4HI1K11 KaT)'llJeK, HaBOMT 3AC B
06MOTKax Ka'fYIlleK. BbIXo,nHbIe CMfHaJIbI JI:a1'll1Ka nOCT}'IlaIOT Ha cxeMbI
Bbl)];eJIeHIDI nOJIe3HbIX CMrHaJIOB nCt (01' Ka'fYIlleK 111 3) H nC2 (01' Ka-
1)'ll.IeK 211 4). TaK leaK Ka1)'ll.IKl1 1 (2) 11 3 (4) pacnOJIO)l(eHbI Ha pa3JIWI-
HblX paCCT05lHM5IX OT peJIbCa, TO HaBo,nI1Mble B HHX 3AC pa3JIWlHbl, HO
cxeMbI nCt 11 nC2 HaCTpoeHbI TaKl1M o6pa30M, I.JTO npl1 OTCyrCTBl111
KOJIeca B 30He YCTaHOBKH J];a'fLIHKa Cl1fHaTIbI Ha HX BbIXO,Q3X paBHbI HYnlO.
nplf npoxo,ne rpe6H5I KOJIeCa Han. Ka'fYIllKOH }'MeHblllaeTC5I B03,lJ;yrn-
HbIH 3a30p If IIpOMCXOlllIT }'BeJIWleHl1e MafHl1THOro nOTOKa. B pe3YJIbTa-
Te }'BeJIWlMBaeTCSI 3AC, HaBO,lIJ1MM B KaT)'llJKe, 11 Ha BbIXo,ne COOTBeT-
CTBYK>LUeH cxeMbI (nCll1JIH nC2) n05lB.illleTC5I CMrHaJI HaJIl1'tJM.SI KOJIeca.
HaJIWll1e ,nBYX nap KaT)'llJeK B naTLIMKe n0300JISleT onpe eJIHTb HarrpaB-
neHl1e ABIDKeHH5I rrOe3L{a.
3-3674
33
BHYTPI1 MarHJITHOH fOJIOBKI1 UHi)yKU,UOHH020 3JleKmpoMa2HUmn020 oam-
"tUKa AnB-02 ClfCTeMbI 3CCO paCnOJIO)f{eHbI JJ.Be napbI JGITyllIeK.. 06MOT-
KH Ka1)'llleK BKJIl{)qeHbI BCTpe'lHO)J)I51 KOMlleHcar(HH 3AC, HaB01U1MhIX TII-
mBbIM TOKOM. nepeMeHHblM TOKOM I1C1Oqf-{UK£l IDITaHIDI B 06MOTKaX HaBO-
AI1TC$I 3AC, 113MeH$llOmaSiCH nplf npOXO eHI1H rpe6ID1 KOJIeCa HM
Ka1)'lllKOH.. J].Jrn OnpeAeJIemrn HaIIpaBJIeHIDI )];BH)I(eHIDI noe3JI.a "lacTOThI 10-
KOB, HaBOJJ.5IllI.HX 3AC B I<IDI<IJ;OH nape Ka1)'llleK, pa3JIMIIHbI (5011150 lGu)..
Y CTpOi1CTBO J[.al'illKOB J]J1qxf>epeHIJ.H3]IbHO-TpaHc<t>oPMaTOpHom mrra
n03BOJUleT ocyweCTBIDITb KOH1pOJIb HX nOJIO)f{eHI1H OTHOCIITeJIbHO peJIb-
'-'
ca: CMemeHl1e JJ;aTI-lI1Ka BbI30BeT 113MeHeHHe 3HaqeHHI1 MafHHTHbIX lIO-
TOKOB., a C1Ie}JOBa:reJIbHO, H 1f3MeHeHlfe ypoBIDI cl1THarra pacCTpOHKw, qTO
npl1Be,neT K nO$lRJ1eHHIO Ha BbIXO}Je cxeMbI npeo6pa30BaHIDI (BbIll.eJIeHIDI)
OTJIHqHOrO OT HYlliI ClffHaJIa.
J(amltUK uHiJyKmu6Ho20 muna npeJJ;cTaRJUleT C060H Ka1YlliKY co CTaJIb-
HblM cep}JeI.JHHKOM, I10MemeHH}'IO B KOpnyC 113 HeMarIDITHoro MarepHa-
JIa. AaTtlHK KpeIIHTC$I BIUIOTHyIO K peJIbCY - nOA nOAOlllBoH IUII1 K rneH-
Ke. AaTtlHK pa60TaeT CJIeLJ.YlOIUHM 06pa30M. TOK, nporeKaIOIl(lili lIO peJIb-
....
cy, C03.l1.aeT MarHIITHOe lIone, MarnHTHbIH I10T0K KOTOporo If HpyeT
B Ka1YlliKe 3AC.. 3HaqeHI1e 3AC, a cJ1en;OBaTeJIbHO, ypOBeHb BbIXO)UlOro
ClfrHaJIa J[.a1':lHKa, npOnOpL{HOHaJIbHO 3HaLJeHlfIO ClUIbl TOKa, npOTeI<£no-
mem lIO peJIbCY. BbIXOJ].HOH Cl1rHaJI n;aTI-lHKa I1o,naeTcR Ha HCnOJIHHTeJ1b-
..... ......
HbII1 3J1eMeHT, KOTOpblM BKJ1IOLJaeTCH IUIH BbIKJIlOqaeTCSI B 3aBHCI1MOCTH
OT ypoBIDI Cl1rHaJIa.. Ha pHC. 3..5 I10Ka3aHa ycraHOBKa I1I-1)JyKTI1BHoro ny-
reBoro -naTI-lHKa AI1IT3-800 [42], HCnOJIb3yeMoro B YClpOHCTBax KOHT-
pOJIH JalIOJIHeHIDI nyrei1 Ha coprnpoBOLJHbIX ropKax.
HHiJyKmu6Ho-npoBoiJHou OamltUK MIl,[{ lIpl1MeIDIeTCH Ha COpr"POBOq-
HbIX ropKax JI)llI onpeL{eJIeHI1R
PeJIbC COCTOSlHIUI (cBo6oJ].Hoe IUIIf 3a-
,lJ;Hn3-800 IDITOe) KOHTpOJIbHbIX npeACT'pe-
JIOqHbIX yqaCTKOB 11 )J)IJI 06Ha-
PY)I(eHI1H OTI..{enOB B CHCTeMe
KOHTpORSI 3aI10JIHeHHJI lIyrei1
napKa <l>opMl1poBaHIffi noe3J{OB
(lIOAfOpOLJHOrO napKa) [57].
CocTaBHbIMI1 LJaCTHMI1 11 ilA
(pl1c. 3.6) SlBlliIIOTCJI 3J1etcrpOH-
Hbli1 6JIOK 1, YCTaHOR1IeHHbIM B
PHC. 3.5. Y CTaHOBKa J],aJ'II1Ka ,lJ.l1n3-800 TpaHC<t>oPMaropHOM RIllHKe TIlIIa
34
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PliC.. 3.6. YcraHOBKaJJ.a1'lI1Ka 11Il,[l
T}I- 2, lIllUIeHQJ 2, pacnOJIO)l(eHHbIH BHyrpI1 KOJIeH. l.llneHQJ nO,lU<JIIOqeH K
BXOJIY 31IeK1pOHHoro 6JIOKa, K BblXOJIY 3JIeK1pOHHoro 6J10Ka nOLI.KJIIO"leHO
KOHTpOJIbHoe peJIe Mll, pacnOJIO)l(eHHoe B peJIefrnoM nOMeruelillH.
MTIA pa60TaeT CJ1e,nyJOll.{I1M o6pa30M.. feHepaTOp rapMOHl11.IeCKMX
KOJIe6aHHH, BXOMll{HH B COCTaB 3JIeKTPOHHoro 6JIOKa, BhIpa6aTbIBaeT
Cl1rH8JI Ha onpe.neJIeHHOH '-laCTOTe. llpll CBo60,lUIOM KOHTponl1pyeMoM
yqacTKe 3neKlpOHHbIH 6JIOK QJopMlIpyeT 11 no aeT Cl1rH8JI yrrpaBJIeHI1$!
(HarrpIDKeHl1e, OCTaTOqHoe)])I$! npHTIDKeHIDI HKOpH) Ha 06MOTKy peJIe
Mn, KOTOpoe BCTaeT no)]; roK. l.llneHQJ, nOAKJIIOLJeHHbIH K BXOJIY reHepa-
ropa rapMOHWleCKMX Kone6aHI1H, HBJUleTCH 1.f)'BCTBHTeJIbHbIM 3JIeMeH-
roM ,na1'lI1Ka. llpl1 BCTYfIJIeHl1l1 nO BIDKHOH eJU1H bl Ha KOHT}JOJIl1pye-
MbIH yqacToK KoneCHbIe napbI 11 peJIbCbI 06Pa3yJOT KopoTK03aMKHYTbIH
BI1TOK, KOropbIH HBJUleTC$! HarpY3KOH reHeparopa. B pe3YJIbTaTe H3Me-
IDIIOTC$!1.JaCTOTa 11 aMIUIKIyAa Cl1fHana, BbIpa6aTblBaeMoro reHeparopoM,
11 3JIeKrpOHHblH 6J10K npeKpaIll.ae-r no,naqy Hanp$!)I(eHI1S1 Ha 06MOTK)' peJIe
Mn, KOTopoe OTnYCKaeT HKOpb.
35
Ha COpTHpoBOqHbIX ropKax TaIOKe npl1MeIDIIOTC}I OnTWIeCKI1e 11 pa-
AI10TeXHHIJeCKHe L{aTtlI1KH 06Hap}')KeHIDI nO,nBH)I(}{blX enMHI1l{, <PI1KCH-
p}1Ol.I.(He cl>aKT HaxO)l{,[(eHIDI nO)JJ3IDKHOH e}U1HHIU>I B onpeAeJIeHHOH 30He
KOHTpOJIHpyeMoro yqaCTKa [56, 57].
CTpYKTYPHM cxeMa onmUiteCK020 OamltUKa - rjxJm03JleKmpUileCK020
ycmpoucmeQ (<D3Y), nOKa3aHa Ha pHC. 3..7. OCHOBHbIMI1 3JIeMeHTaMI1
<D3Y}lBJUlIOTC}I: HCTOIJHHK H3JI)"-IeHIDI 1 - OCBeTHTeJIb, COCTORIUHH 113
IIH.TalOlUero TpaHC<PoPMaTOpa, OCBeTIITeJIbHOH (CBem<l>opHOH) JIaMnbI 11
JII1H3bl; <PoTOJJ:aT'-lI1K 4 Ha OCHOBe <!>orope3HcTOpa; cxeMa yrrpaR1IeHH}I 5;
I1CnOJIHMTeJIbHbIH 3JIeMeHT 6.
npH OTCyrcTBlli1 nOllBIDKHoH e,rU1HH[(bI B 30He KOHIpOJIR 3 (pl1c. 3.7, a)
CBeTOBOH nOTOK 2 (HanpaR7IeHHbIH .TIyq CBeTa) OCBernTemI BOCrrpI1HI1Ma-
eTC}I <PoTOJ:lal'II1KOM 4. Qepe3 <l>orope3Hcrop npoTeKaeTTOK, 11 cxeMa yn-
paBJIeHIDI BbIpa6aThIBaeT CHIHaJI BKJIIOQeHIDI HCnOJImrre.JIbHOro 3JIeMeHTa..
npH rrepeKpbIDrn nO)JJ3IDKHOH e.LUfHHlJ:ei1: 7 cBeTOBoro.nyqa (PHC. 3.7, 6) oc-
BemeHHOCTb <PoTOpe311cTopa pe3KO YMeHblIJaeTC}I, npOTeKaHl1e TOKa qe-
pe3 Hem IIpeKparn.aeTC}l11 cxeMa ynpaBJIeHIDI 5 BbIKJIIOLJaeT HCnOJIHI1TeJIb-
Hhrii 3JIeMeHT 6, <!>I1KCI1PY}l 3aH5ITOCTb KOH1pOJIl1pyeMoro yqaCTKa.
Y <!>oT03JIeKlpWIeCKMX yCTpOHCTB B KaIJecrne I1CTOqHI1Ka H3JI)"-IeHIDI
MOryr I1CnOJIb3OBaTbC}I H3J1Y4aTeJIH BOJlli B pa31lll'rnbIXJ].HaII330Hax, Hanpl1-
Mep, MaJIOMOIllHbIe JIa3epbll1JIH reHeparopbI I1H<!>paKpaCHOm l13J1Y4ernrn.
1
2
-----------
----------+ 4
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5
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-------
PI1C. 3.7. npHHLll1n JJ.eMCTBI1.H <!Krro3JIetcrpHQeCKoro ycrpoticma
36
P8JUfOTeXHWleCKWe l(aTtlMKH 06HapY>KeHHH 110,l{BIDKHblX el(HHHL{ pa-
6oTalOT B CBepXBbICOKO'IacroTHOM (CBq) l{HanaJOHe 3JIeK1]JOMafHWfHbIX
BOJIH. OCHOBHbIMI1 3JIeMeHTaMH ,naT'-lI1Ka THna PTL(-C (pHC. 3.8) JlRTI}I-
IOTCJI: nepeJJ:alOl.I.(HH MO,UyJIh B COCTaBe reHepaTopa 1 MO,UyJIHpYIDwero
CHIHaJIa, reHeparopa CBQ-KOJIe6aIDfH 2 (qaCTOTOH 9,8 rrl{) H IIepe,naIO-
weH aHTeHHbI 3; npl1eMHbIH MO.n;YJIb B COCTaBe npHeMHoH aHTeHHhI 6,
ycwH,rreJUI-orpaHWlHTeJUI 7 H YCTpOHCTBa <PHKcaQHH 8.
YCTaHoBKa PTL(-C MO)l(eT IIpOH3BO,lJ,HTbCR 110 OJI.HOKaHaJIbHoMY
(pHC. 3.8, a-z) IDIH ,lJ,BYXKaHaJIbHOM)' (Pl1c. 3.8, 0-3) BapHaHTaM CJIe-
JIYIOI.IIHM 06PaJOM.. Ha pl1C. 3.8, a, 6 IIOKaJaHa YCTaHOBKa nepe,n;alOll{ero 11
npl1eMHoro MO,LJyJIeH C p33HbIX CTOpoH KOHlpOJlliPyeMoro yqaCTKa nyrn. 5.
B 3TOM CJIy1Iae npH cBo6oAHOM yqacTKe (PHC. 3.8, a) CHlliaJI 4, H3JIy'-Iae-
MbIH l1epeJlaTtlHKOM, BOCIIpHHHMaeTCJI npHeMHHKOM. Y CTpOHCTBO <PHK-
CaQl1H BhIpa6aTbIBaeT BbIXO HOH Cl1rHaJI 9, COOmeTCTBYIDI.lJ.HH CBo60,lJ,-
HOM}' COCTOflHHlO yqaCTKa.. TIpl1 BCTyIUIeHHH 110J1BIDKHOH e,nHHI1l\bI 10 B
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XO.D;HT, B pe3YJIbTaTe qero YC'lpOHCTBO <pI1KCa[(HI1 Bblpa6aTbIBaeT BbIXO -
IU u
HOR CHfHaJI, COOTBeTCTBYIOllurn: 3aH.HTOM}' COCTO}lHI1IO yqaCTKa.
Ha pHC. 3.8, 6, Z nOKa3aHa YCTaHOBKa l1epe,lJ,alOll{erO 11 IIpl1eMHOrO
MO,UyJIei1 IIO 0.1UlY CTOpoHy KOH1pOJIHPyeMom yqaCTKa nyrn. B 3TOM CJIy-
'Iae 3aHRToe COCTOJlHHe yqaCTKa (PHC. 3.8, z) <PHKCHPYeTC}I npH BocnpH-
mmI npl1eMIDlKOM CHIHaJIa, O1pIDKeHHoro ar nO,lI.BIDKHOH e)I;lfilHqbI. npH
CBo6oJI,HOM yqaCTKe Cl1rHaJI, H3JIy'-IaeMbIH nepeJJ:aT'lHKOM, Ha BXO.n npH-
eMHHKa He nOCTyIIaer.
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eM o,nHoro l1epe,nalOll{erO H .n.ayx npl1eMHblX MO,UyneH, YCTaHOR1IeHHbIX
no pa3HbIe CTOpoHbI KOHTpOJIHpyeMoro yqaCTKa IIyTH. Ha pHC. 3.8, JIC, 3
u
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pe3YJIbTaTaM o6pa6oTKH CHrHaJIOB, BbIpa6aTbIBaeMbIx YClpOHCTBaMI1
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IDle )].aTtIHKa YK CTI C.
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39
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ra6aplITa nOLlBIDKHoro cocraoa MHorop33oBoro J(e:HCTBIDI CKBTI-2 [28].
40
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ro rnna, HO B OTJIWIHe OT ,AaT'-lHKa YKCTIC He JJ83PyrnaeTC.H npH Mexa-
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pyrneHIUI MeTIUlJIHt.feCKOH lllIaCTIfHOH 1.
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poem, HarrpIDKeHIDI H].ij)..
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pOKO HCnOJIb3)'1OTCH M3SlTHJ1KOBbIe H KOJJ.OBbIe rryreBhle lpaHCMHTrepbI.
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"""
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pe3 KOTOpbIe HMnyJIbCbI TOKa nOCIyIIalOT B cxeMbI YCTpOMCTB CUE.
B HaCT05Ill{ee :speMH npHMeIDIIOTCH MIDITlfHKOBbIe TpaHCMI1TrepbI JJ.BYX
m:nOB [41]: MT -1 (MT -I M) - wrn IIHTaHJ.UI HMrryJIbCHbIX peJIbCOBbIX
l.\eneM nOCToHHHOro TOKa; MT - 2 (MT - 2M) - wrn BKJII01JeHIDI MHralO-
mero pe}l(HMa ropeHIDI JIaMII cBeTo<1;>opoB.. AHarpaMMa HMnYJIbCOB
TpaHCMHTrepoB MT -1 (MT -1 M) nOKa3aHa Ha pHC.. 3..10, 6, lpaHCMIITfe-
pOB MT-2 (MT-2M) - Ha pHC.. 3..10, 6.
KoO06ble nymeBble mpaHCMummepbl (KnT) paJ eJUlIOTCR Ha KOHTaKT-
Hble H 6ecKoHTaKTHble.
B CHCTeMax CUE npHMeHJlIOTCH CJIeL(yIOll.(He THnbI KOHmaKmHbLX KO-
006bLX nymeBblx mpaHcMummepo6 [42]: KnTllI-515, KTITIll-715,
KTlTllI-1115, KTITII1-1315, pa6onuolJ..tl1e OT HanpIDKeHIDI qacroroM 50 fQ;
KnTIll-815, KI1TIll-915, KTITIll-1015, pa6oTalOI.1U'Ie OT HanpIDKeHJ.UI
1JaCTOTOM 75 fQ (AO 1976 r. BbInYCI<a.TlliCbTpaHCMMITepbI rnnOB KTITIll-5,
KTITllI-7 HT..A., B 1976-78 rr. - TPaHCMHTIepbI mnOB KnTIll-5M,
43
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Ha IIITenceJIbHoe HCnOJllieHHe coe HOro pa::JbeMa.. )])1arpaMMbI KO-
AOBbIX KOM6HHaI.tHM T'paHCMHTIepoB KTITIlI nOKa3aHbI Ha pllC. 3.11, 6.
HaH60JIee IlIHpOKO pacnpocrpaHeHbI TpaHCMJfITepbI mnOB KTITIll- 515
(KTITlIl-5) H KnTlll-715 (KITTIIl-7).
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pOHHbIH O,lIJIO<);>aJHbIM 3JIeKlpO,nBHrareJIb, pomp 3 KOTOporo HMeeT KO-
polKO Ja 06MOTKY, a CTaTOp - JJ:Be 06MOTKH 1 H 2, CMeIUeHHbIe
Ha yroJI 90°; pe)]yKTOp 4; KyJIaqKOBbIe lllaH6bl 6, 7H 8, JaKpellJIeHHbIe H3
OCH 5; KOHTaKTHaH CHCTeMa 9. KOHTaKTHIDI CHCTeMa COCTOHT H3 ABYX
rpynn KOHTaKTOB - 31, )1(1, IOKI H 32,)1(2, IOK2 (Ha pHC.. 3.11, a nOKa-
3aHa TOJIbKO o,nHa KOHTaKTHIDI rpynna).
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HanpIDKeHH.SI 220 B pOTOp 3JIeKlpollBHrareJUI non B03JJ.eMcTBHeM nepe-
MeHHoro MarHHTHoro nOllil, C03 aBaeMoro 06MOTKaMH cTaropa, HaqH-
HaeT BpamaTbCR co CKOpOCTblO 982 o6opoTIl B MHHYTY (06/MHH) lIpH qa-
CTOTe nHTaIOll.(ero HanpIDKeHIDI 50 fll IDIH co CKOpOCTblO 1473 06/MHH
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HO AO 30,8 illIJil 36,5 06/MIffi H C TaKOM CKOpoCThIO BpamaeT OCb C KYJIaq-
KOBbIMM lllaH6aMH. BpeMR nOJIHOrO 06opoTa KOAOBOM lllaM6bI HaJbIBa-
eTCR KOAOBbIM QHKJIOM.
Kynaq}(oBble rnaOObI HMelOT no OKp}')KHOCTH pa3Hoe'IHCJIO BblC1)1JIOB,
COOTBeTCTB}'IOll.(ID( KOJIW:leCTBY HMnynbCoB Ko,na. llpH BpameHHH lllaH-
fibl CBOI1MI1 BbICTynaMH 3aMblKalOT H pa3MbIKaIOT KOHTaKTbI. KIDK,L\asI
lllaH6a 3aMblKaeT JI.Be napbI KOHTaKTOB: rnati6a 8 - IOKI H IOK2, lllati6a
7 - )1(1 H )1(2, rnaM6a 6 - 31 H 32. 3aMKHyrOe COCTORHHe KOHTaKTOB
C YeT HMIIYJIbCY KQAOooM KOM6HHaInfH, paJOMKHyroe - Me:>I<HM-
nyJIbCHOM)' UHrepB31IY. llIaH6a 8 CJIy)KIIT )])UI <);>OpMHpOBaHH.H KOJ{a IOK,
rnai16a 7- Ko,na)l(, rnati6a 6 - Kona 3. TalGfM 06pa30M, KO,nOBaH KOM6H-
HaUIDI IOK COCTOIIT H3 OAHoro IfMIIYJIbCa, KO,nOBaH KOM6HHaQIDI )I( - 113
,D;BYX HMTIYJIbCOB, KOAOBaH KOM6HHaQIDI 3 - H3 TpeX HMIJyJIbCOB.
KaK Bw:tHO 113 pHC. 3.11, 6, B TeqeHHe OlUloro KO,nOBOro QHKJIa BbIpa-
6aTbIBalOTCR no OJnlOM K01\OooM KOM6HHaQHH )I( H 3 H J]J3e IOK. no npo-
AOJDKHTeJIbHOCTH KO,nOBOro QHKJIa KOHTaKTHbIe KnT pa3JJ.ellilIOTCR Ha
Jl,Be rpynIIbI: C HOpMaJIbHOM npOAOJDKl1TeJIbHOCTbIO l{HKJIa, paBHoM 1,6 c,
H C yaen:uqeHHO:M npOnO.JDKUTeJIbHOCTbIO I..{HKJIa, paBHoH 1,86 c.
necKoHmaKmHble KOOOBble nyme8ble mpaHCMummepbl HMelOT ,nBe MO-
H<);>HKaQI1H - BKTIT - 5 H 6KTIT -7, OTJIWlalOll.(I1eCR npo,nO.JDlGffeJlbHO-
44
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3JIeK'IpOHHble, nonynpoooJI:HHKOBbIe, Marnl1THbIe.
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Ae1ffiHKaX nyreBOro 11 MeCTHoro 3JIeMeHTOB C03JJ,aIOTCH nepeMeHHble Mar-
HIITHhIe nOTOKH COOTBeTCTBeHHO tP n 11 tP M . MarnHTHbIH nOTOK tP M Ha-
BOAIIT B ceKTope Bl1xpeBhIe TOKH.. CeKTop CTaHOBIITCH npOBOtl-HI1KOM C
u
TOKOM, KOTOpbII1 HaxoAHTCH B MarHHTHOM nOJIe nyreBoro 3JIeMeHTa.
B pe3ynbTaTe B3aJ1MOAeHCTBIDI MarHI1THoro nOTOKa tP n 11 BHXpeBblX TO-
....
KOB ceKTopa C031(aeTCH Bpall.{aIOWHH MOMeHT, pe3YJIbTHPYIDIQaH CIDIa
KOTOpOro nepeMell{aeT ceKTOp BBepX AO ynopa B orpaHINMTeJIbHhIH po-
JII1K 4. B pe3YJIbTaTe KOHTaKTHaJI THra nepeMell{aeTCR BHI13, pa3MhIKIDI
TbIJIOBOH H 3aMbIKIDI cl>pomoBOH KOHTaKT (CM. pl1C. 3.19, 6).
,[(.rlSl nO.l(HSlTI1JI ceKTopa I1lf.nYK.I-I-HOHHoro peJIe Heo6xoAI1MO, QTo6bI
yroJI cJU3l1racl>a3 Me)J{AyTOKaMH 1 M H In npl1HHMaJI onpe,neJIeHHOe BTex-
HI11.JecKHX YCJIOBIDIX 3Ha1.JeHHe. TIo3TOMY TaKOe peJIe Ha3bIBaeTCR rjJll30-
1IY6cmeUmeJlbllbLM. MaKCHMaJIbHbIH BpaIl.(aJOI.J..tHH MOMeHT C03,lJp.eTCH npH
yrJIe c,nBl1ra cl>a3, paBHOM 90° (H,UeaJIbHbIH yroJI).
HWIYKlJ;lIOHHOe peJIe B03BpamaeTCR B I1cxo,lI.Hoe COCTOHHHe upl1 BbI-
nOJIHeHHH O):(HOro H3IlBYX YCJIOBHH: OTKJII01.JeHHI1 06MOTKH (O):(Hoi1 HJ111
06eHx) OT HCTOQHHKa TOKa HJII1 HapyrneHl111 cl>a30BOrO COOTHOllleHIDI
Me)J{Ay TOKaMI1 1 M 11 In. npl1 3TOM ceKTOp OnyCKaeTCH B HIDKHee ITOJIoxe-
Hl1e nOlI.lI.eHCTBl1eM CHJIbI TH)I(eCTH (c06CTBeHHOrO Beca), nepeMell.{aJI
58
KOHTaKTHyJO TRry BBepX. B pe3YJIbTaTe cl>JXJHTOBOH KOHTaKT peJIe Pa3MhI-
'-'
KaeTC.H, a TbUlOBOH - 3aMhIKaeTC.H.
TpaHCMummepHble pelle npHMeHRIOTC.H JI,JUJ nOJJ;a1JH B peJIbCOBbIe QerrH
KO)].OBbIX CHrHaJIOB, Bblpa6aTbIBaeMbIX KO)].OBhIMH nyreBbIMH TpaHCMMT-
TepaMR. 3JIeKTpWIecKaR npHHllIffiHaJIbHIDI cxeMa TpaHCMKITepHOro peJIe
TIrna TIll -65B2 nOKaJaHa Ha pHC.. 3.20, a. PeJIe TIll -65B2 06ecneIIwBaeT
pa60T)' peJIbCOBblX QeneH npH no)].aqe Ha ero 06MOTKY HMnyJIbCOB no-
CTO.HHHOro TOKa Harrp.IDKeHHeM (12 :t 10 %) B. B COCTaB peJIe TIll -65B2
BXO,lUIT )].Ba 6bICTpOAeHCTByJOll.{UX KO)].OBbIX peJIe THna KL(PT C YCHTIeH-
HOH KOmaKTHOH rpynnoH - KOMMympyJOIUee PT H HCKpOraC.Hll{ee PH.
B HCXOJ(HOM COCTO.HHHH - npH OTCyrcTBHH nO aqH KOl(OBblX CHfHa-
JIOB - pa30MKHyT KOHTaKT KITT KO)].OBOro rryreBoro TpaHCMHTIepa, H
no)]. TOKOM HaxO)].MTC.H peJIe PH no QenH: IT-£I (23-22)- PH M*.
ITHTaHHe ITX -OX B peJIbCOByJO QerIh He nOe1yIIaeT, TaK KaK P830MKHY-
TbI KOHTaKThI 12-13 H 42-43 peJIe PT. B MOMeHT nOCTyIIJIeHKSI KO)].OBoro
HMTIyJIbCa (Ja M KHYf KOHTaKT KIlT) no)]. TOK craHOBIfI'CH peJIe PT no QeIll1:
I1- KI1T-1 PM M. UellbllMTamUi peJIe PM p33PbIBaeTC$I KOHTaKTOM
22-23 peJIe PT, H peJIe PH omyCKaeT m<Opb, JaMbIKaR KOHTaKTaMM 12-13
H 32-33 HCKporacHIUHH KOHTYP R-CI. Qepe3 3aMKHyrhIe cl>poHToBhle
KOHTaKTbl 12-13 H 42-43 peJIe PT B peJIbCoByJO Qenb nO aeTC.H HMrryJIbC
TOKa. B Me}l(JfMrryJIbCHOM HHTepBaJIe cxeMa B03BpamaeTCSI B HCXOAHoe
COCTO.HHHe..
3JIeIcrpWIecKaR npl1HIU1IIHaJIbHIDI cxeMa TpaHCMJfITepHoro peJIe THna
TIlI-2000B2 nOKaJaHa Ha pHC. 3.20, 6. PeJIe TIll-2000B2 06ecnet.JJ.1BaeT
pa60ry pe1IbCOBbIX Qenei1 OpH no aqe Ha ero 06MoTKy HMrryJIbCOB nepe-
MeHHoro TOKa HanpIDKeHHeM (110 :t 10 %) B qaCTOTbI 50 rQ. CxeMa peJIe
TIll - 2000B2 OTJIW.laeTC.H OT cxeMbI peJIe TIll -65B2 HaJIHIIWeM JJ;BYX BbIn-
p.HMHTeJIbHbIX MOCTIfKOB VD 1- VD4 H VD5- VD8. ITpHHLtHTI l(eHCTBIDI
peJIe TIlI-2000B2 aHaJIOrWIeH peJIe TIll-65B2.
l(JlSl KOppe HH BpeMeHHbIX napaMeTpOB KO)].OBbIX CMrHaJIOB Me y
BbffionaMl11-52 H 2-82 TpaHCMJfITepHblXpeJIe TIll-65B2 H TIll-2000B2
ycraHaBJIHBaIOTC.H nepeMblqKH. Cyrn.HOCTb KOppeKI.{HI1 3aKJIIOqaeTCH B
*npH onHcaHHH ltene.H npOTeKaHIDI TOKa npHIDITbI cn eny lOLU.l1e 0603HaQeHIDI:
- 06MOTKa pelle PT; £I - TbVIOBO.H KOHTaKT peJIe PT; PT - CPPOHTOBOH KOH-
TaKT peJIe PT.
59
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PHC. 3.20. CxeMbl 1paHCMJ.ITrepHbIX peJIe:
a- TIll-65B2; 6- TIll-2000B2
60
CJIeJ()'lOweM. KO.nOBbIe peJIe TIlna I<,[(PT HMelOT JaMeMeHl1e Ha nplITH-
XeHl1e RKOpR o 70 MC. J].Jrn Toro QTo6bl He npol130llIJIO YKpOlfeHIDII1M-
nynbCoB KOlI.a peJIe 01DKHbI I1MeTh TaKOe xe no )J)IHTeJIbHOCTH 3aMeJ])Ie-
Hl1e Ha omyCKaHl1e HKOp .
3aMe)J)IeHl1e Ha omyCKaHl1e RKOpeH peJIe PT 11 PM Y peJIe T1lI65-B2
06eCneQHBalOT Jn10,lI.H0-pe3I1CTOpHble :Qenl1 COOTBeTCTBeHHO VD 1- RI-
R2 11 VD2- R3- R4, npl1QeM COnpOTI1BJIeHI1H pe311cTopOB R2 11 R4
no.n6l1palOfC5I lIpl1 pefYJlHPOBKe perre 11 MOryr 6bITb B ;ntaIJaDHe 200... ..820 OM.
ITpJ.1 He06xo I1MOCTI1 YMeHblllHTb BpeMR JaMeLI)IeHIDI Ha oTnycKaHl1e
RKOpR peJIe PT YCTaHaBJII1BaeTCR nepeMbPIKa Me)({,l]y BbIBoJ(aMI11-52,
QeM rnyHrnpyeTcR pe311cTop R2. B 3TOM cJIyqae BpeMR 3aMeMeHIDI Ha
omycKaHl1e RKOpR 6y eT B npe.neJIax 5-20 MC. AHaJIOfMqHO KOppeKTII-
pyeTC BpeMR JaMeD.JIeHIDI Ha OTIIyCKaHl1e RKOpR peJIe PH - YCTaHOB-
KofI nepeMbIlIKH Me BbIBO)];aMI1 2-82.
3aMeJ])IeHHe Ha omyCKaHl1e m<OpeH peJIe PI 11 PM Y peJIe TIII2000- B2
06eCneql1BaeTC npl1MeHeHl1eM KOpOTK033MKHyrbiX 06MOTOK 31-34
peJIe PI 11 12-32 peJIe PM.. 3aMhlKaHHe 06MoTOK OC)'ll.(eCTRIDIeTCR YCTa-
HOBKOH nepeMbNeK Me BbmOAaMI1 1-52 11 2-82. B 310M cnyqae Bpe-
MR JaMe)J)IeHIDI Ha omyCKaHl1e KOpH 6y.neT B npe.neJlax 10-20 MC.
OCHOBHbIM He OCTaTKOM KOHTaKTHbIX T}JaHCMHrrepHblX peJIe RBJIR-
eTCR TO, 'iTO KOMMyraQIDI peJIbCOBOH :Qenl1 oC)'ll.(eCTBJIHeTCR Henocpe -
CTBeHHO B MOMeHTbl JaMbIKaHH.H 11 pa3MbIKaHIDI KOHTaKTOB peJIe.. 3TO
BeAeT K 06pa30BaHI11O 3JIeKTpl1qeCKOH .nyrl1 Me)({,l]y KOHTaKTaMI1 B MO-
MeHTb] HX 3aMbIKaHIDII1 pa3MbIKaHIDI. npl1 3TOM HaH60JIee TIDKenbIM
pe}l(JfMOM pa60TbI RBlliIeTCH pa3MbIKaHl1e KOHTaKTOB H3-3a nOHBJIeHIDI
Ha HHX,ZJyI11 BCJ]e CTBl1e BbIKJIIOQeHIDI "I-IJIYKTUBHOH HaIpyJKH. CJIe,no-
BaTeJIbHO, DJIH nOBbIllieHIDI KOMMYffiQHOHHoro pecypca peJIe -rpe6yeTCR
.nonOJIHHTeJIbHasI 33.llUIT3. KOHTaKTOB OT 3JIeKTpWlecKoro H3Hoca. C 3TOH
:QeJThlO HcnOJIb3ylOTCH YCHJIeHHbIe MeTaJIJIOKepaMWIecKHe KOHTaI<ThI peJIe
PI 11 PM, a TaIOKe cxeMbI I1CKporarneHIDI.
PaCCMOIpHM OCHOBHble napaMeTpbI 11 xapmcrepl1C11fKH perre, TIpHMeHRe-
.... ....
MbIX B cxeMax YC1pOHCIB XeJIe3HOJ\OJXDKHOH aBTOMa111Kl111 TeJIeMex.a.HID<H.
Pa60Ta ynpaBflJllOw.eu Itacmu 3JIeKTpl{qeCKHX peJIe xapaKTepl13yeTc
CJIeJ()'lOll.UiM11 napaMeTpaMH:
· mOK npUl1l.HJlCeHWl I np - MHHHMaJIbHbrH TOK B 06MoTKe, upl1 KOTO-
pOM peJIe upHTSlrnBaeT RKOpb;
· mOK omnYCKGHWl [urn - MaKCHMaJIbHbIH TOK B 06MoTKe, npl1 KOTO-
poM peJIe OTnyCKaeT HKOpb;
61
· pa60lJuii mOl( lp - TOK, 06eCnellI1BalOlUJii1 HaLI,e)f(HOe npWTSf)l(eHWe
$IKOp5I, Ip > I rrp .
AHarrOrnQHO TOI<)' onpe.n:eJUlIOTCR APyrne 3JIeKTpWIeCKMe napaMeTpbI
peJ1e: HanpIDKeHJ.1e (U np ' U OTII ' q,), MOll{HOCTh ( p' m' ) J.1 MarnM-
ro.llBI1)J()'l1.laH CIDIa ([rrpro, I(JffIro, Jpro, me ro -lfitCJIO BMTKOB 06M<YIKI1 peJIe).
Ko3fjx/Jul(UeHm 30naca npeL(CfaBIDIeT C060M OTHOllIeHHe pa60Qero T01<3.
(HanpIDKeHI1H) K TOKY (HanpH)I(eHI1IO) rrplITIDKeHI1R:
lp
k =
3 lnp
Up
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U np
..
K03qxpl1UHeHT 3arraca Y peJIe .>KeJIe3HO.l(opo}I(H0i1 aBTOMarnKJ1 HaxO-
.l(IITCfI B npe eJIax 1,4...4. qeM 60JIbille K03cl>cl>HQl1eHT 3anaca, TeM Ha-
J],e)l(Hee pa60Ta peJIe Ha nplITH)I(eHl1e.
Ko3tjxJJul(uewn 6038pama xapaKTepH3yeTC$I OTHOllleHl1eM TOKa (Hanp$I-
)l(eHllil) OTITyCKaHIDl K TOKY (Harrp.IDKeHI1JO) npHT5DKeHIDl:
k = I OTn == U OTU
B ..
I np U np
K03qxpHUHeHT B03BpaTa y pene )KeJIe3Ho.l(opO)I(H0i1 aBTOMaTI1KW Ha-
XO)JJITCR B npe,1J,eJIax 0,3.. ..0,5. qeM 60JIbille K03<lxl>I1UHeHT B03BpaTa, TeM
Han;e)KHee pa60Ta peJIe Ha OTnYCKaHHe.
DbIcTpoL(ei1cTBl1e peJIe xapaKTepl13yeTC$I BpeMeHeM npJ.1TIDKeHllill1
BpeMeHeM omYCKaHH$I $IKOP$l..
Bpe.MR npUmH:JICeHUR - 3TO BpeM51 C MOMeHTa no aljl1 nlITaHHSI Ha 06-
MOTKY peJIe L(O MOMeHTa 3aMbll<3.HIUl cl>poHTOBoro KOHTaKTa. B Ta6JI. 3..3
v
npl1BeJ(eHbl 3HalfeHI1JI BpeMeHI1 npl1TjI)I(eHllil RKOP$l)])I5I Hel11paJIbHblX
peJIe nOCToRHHOro TOKa.
Ta6JlUlla 3.3
THO pene
BpeMH npuTH eHuH HKOpH peJIe
B eWl 0 HTJI>KeHH1I JlKO JI C
Pelle aBTOMaTHKH PeJIe CBJl3H
0,007.. .0,03 0,001...0 01
0, I.. .0,4 0,01.. .0,04
0,6...1,2 l)oJ1ee 0,05
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DbI oJ.{eHcTB IOUIHe
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MellneHHOJICHCTB IOIl{He
B eMeHHLle ( eJIe BbI,lIe )f(KH B eMeHH
62
Bpe.M.R OmnYCKaHUfl - 3TO BpeMR C MOMeHTa OTKJIJOIJ:eHIUI nHTaHIDI OT
06MOTIGI peJIe ,[(0 MOMeHTa 3aMbIKaHI151 ThliIOBOro KOHTaKTa.
K BpeMeHHbIM napaMeTpaM TaIOKe OTHOCHTC$I epeMJl nepeJlema RKOpR
peJIe npl1 npHTIDKeHI1J.1 (npl1 OmyCKaHHH) - BpeM51 OT MOMeHTa paJMhI-
KaHIUI tl>poHToBOrO (TbIJIOBOrO) ,lI,0 MOMeHTa 3aMbIKaHIDI TblJIOBOrO
(tl>POHTOBOro) KOHTaKTa.
Pa6ara UCnOJlHUmeJlbHOU lfacmu 3JIeKTpWIeCKHX peJIe XapaKTepl13yeT-
C» CJIeJJYlOIl.{I1MI1 napaMeTpaMH.
lIepexoaHoe conpomU8Jlenue KOHmaKm06, KOTOpOe .nOJDKHO 6bITb KaK
MO)f(HO MeHbllIHM upl1 3aMKHyroM COCTOHHHI1 KOHTaKTOB 11 6eCKOHeQHO
60JIbllIHM npl1 pa30MKHyfOM. nepeXOJ(HOe COnpOTI1BJIeHHe KOlITaKTOB
peJIe He JJ.OJDKHO npeBbIlllaTh 0,03 OM.
KownaKmuoe naJICamue (cl1JIa CJKaTHH KOHTaKTHbIX np)')KHH), BeJII1-
IJ:I1Ha KOToporo JJ.OJDKHa 06eCneQl1BaTh HMe:>KHoe 3aMbIKaHI1e KOHTaK-
TOB pene B 3KCIIJIyaTa:Q110HHbIX YCJIOBIUIX (B YCJIOBHIDC RJIIUIHIUI TaKHX
.n ecra 611Jllf3l1pyIOIl(HX tl>aKTOpOB, KaK BI16paUIDI, TP$lCKa)..
BpeMR iJpe6e32a (MHoroKpaTHoro 3aMbIKaHHH 11 paJMbIKaHIDI) KOHTaK-
TOB npl1 3aMbIKaHIiH He ,lI,OJDKHO npeBbIUlaTb 20 MC.
MapKupooKa peile npeL(CTaRlIfleT co60it CneU)18JIbHoe 6yJ<BeHHO-1I.11tl>-
poooe 0603Ha1feHl1e (1llJ.1tl>p). EyJ<Bbl11 l(J1tl>PbI B o603HaQelillIDC peJIe pac-
UlJ.1<l>POBbIBaIOTCR CJIeJJYlOIIJ:HM 06PaJOM.
EyJ<BbI o603HaQaIDTTHJ1, KOHC1p}'KTHBHbIe oco6eHHOCTH 11 <l>YHKl(I1-
OHaJIbHOe Ha3Ha1feHl1e peJIe. TIepBbIe 6YKBbI B 0603Ha1feHIDIX peJIe pac-
llllitl>poBbIBaJOTCR ClleJJYlOIIU1M 06pa30M: H - HeihpaJIbHOe, n - nOJUl-
pl130BaHHOe, K - KOM6I1Hl1pOBaHHOe, Ii - I1MllYJIbCHOe, C - C caMO-
YLlep}l(HBalOl.l{eHCR MafH.HTHOH CI1CTeMOH, ,L( - JJ.BYX3JIeMeHTHOe, A -
aBapHHHoe, 0 - orneBoe, T - TPaHcMHTrepHoe.
B HeKoTopbIX CJIY1lWIX yx:a3aHHyIO BbIllie CMbICJIOB}'IO HarpY3KY He-
C}'T OIJ:eTaHIDI nepBbIX .nBYX 6YKB: AH - aBTo6nOKHpOB01fHOe HeHT-
p8JlhHOe, CK - C caMoYLlep)J(HBaIOll(eHC$I MarHHTHOH cHcTeMoH, KOM-
6I1Hl1pOBaHHoe,,L(C - ABYX3JIeMeHTHOe ceKTOpHoe, AO - aBapl1MHOe
ofHeBoe, K,[{ - KOJJ.OBoe..
BTOPWlIDIH TpeThH 6}'KB3 B Ha3BaHHH peJIe 0603HaQaeT: M - MaJIO-
ra6apMTHoe, IT - nycKoBoe, T - repMI11fecKoe, r - repKOHOBoe, C IDIH
n nOCJIe A - COOTBeTCTBeHHO ClirHaJIbHoe Jf.1llI nepee3,lUIoe.
nOCJIeJI.HIDIWIJ.1 npe,lU1OCJIeJJ:HIDI 6}'KBa B H83BaHl1l1 pelle o603HaIJ:aeT:
P - HeIllTenCeJIbHOe, III - urrenCeJIbHOe peJIe.
63
E}'KB3 B rrOCJIe P HJIH III (a B HeKOTopblX CJIy'faRX nepel( 6}'KBOH III)
o603HaQaeT pene C BbmpRMHTeJIeM. 6yKBa M nOCJJe III 0603HaqaeT MeA-
neHHo.neHCTByIOwee (Ha OTIIyCKaHl1e) pene. EyKBa Y 0603HaQaeT HaJIH-
qHe YCI1JIeHHbIX KOHTaKTOB peJIe, T..e. paCCqM:TaHHbIX Ha KOMMyraU:111O
3JIeK1111.f1IecKHX u:eneH C TOKaMH AO 15 A B TeqeHHe J])IHTeJIbHOrO BpeMe-
HH (6oJIee 1 Q).. HeYCHJIeHHbIe KOHTaKTbJ paCCqUTaHhI Ha KOMMYTaQl11O
ueneH C TOKaMH AO 6 A. b)'KBbI ME B KOHQe 1lII1cbpa 0603HaQalOT pene C
MarHIfTHOH 6JIOKHPOBK0i1.
npHBeAeM npHMepbI 6}'KBeHHbIX 0603HaQemrH pelle:
HP (KP, llP, liP) - HeiITpaJIbHoe (KOM6HHHPOBaHHoe, nOJUlpH30BaHHoe, HM-
nYJIbCHoe) pene;
HllP (KI1P, llllP) - HeHIpaJIbHoe (KOM6HHHPOBaHHoe, nOmIpH30BaHHoe) nyc-
KOBoe peJIe;
lJ.CP - AB}'X3JIeMeHTHoe CeKTOpHoe pe.rre;
lJ.CIll- JI.BYX3JIeMeHTHoe CeKTOpHoe lllrerrCeJIbHoe peJIe;
HPB (MPB) - HeH1p8JIbHOe (HMnYJIbCHoe) pene c BblnpSlMHTCneM;
HIlI (Kill, Olll, Alll) - HeHT}J3JIbHoe (KOM6HHHpOBaHHOe, OCHeBoe, aBapHA-
Hoe) IllTenCeJIbHoe pene;
Hlllll - HeHTpanbHoe nYCKOBoe IIITenCeJIbHoe pene;
CKI11ll - KOM6HHHPOBaHHoe nyCKOooe UlrenCeJIbHoe pene c caMOYAep>KHB£UO-
u v u
lllel1cSI MarnlITHOI1 CHCTeMOI1;
HMIll (KMlIl, HMlIl, OMIll) - HefrrpanbHoe (KOM6HHHPOBaHHoe, HMnyJIbC-
Hoe, orHeBoe) M8JIora6apIITHOe lllrenCeJIbHoe pene;
HMIlIM, OMIIIM - HeHIp8JIbHoe (orHeBoe) M8JIOraOapHTHoe IIITencenbHoe
.....
MeJI)IeHHOAeHCTBYK>Illee Ha OTnyCJ<aHHe pene;
AH III - aBT06JIOKHPOBOQHoe HeiITpaJIbHoe lllrenCeJIbHoe peJIe;
HMBIlI (AHBlIl, HMBIll) - HeiITpaJIbHoe (aBapHHHoe, HMnyJlbCHoe) M8JIO-
ra6apIITHoe lllrence.rrhHoe peJIe c BblnpSlMHTeJIeM;
MBr - HMnYJIbCHoe repKoHoBoe peJIe C BbInpSlMHTeJIeM;
AClIl - aaapHHHoe C craOHlDfIpOHOM lllrenCeJIhHoe pe.rre, ycTIlHaBJII1BaeMoe Ha
CTaTHBaX*;
ATIlli - aaapHi1Hoe nrrenceJlbHoe pe.rre, npHMeIDIeMoe B nH1alOllUfX ycraHOBKaX;
llMlllllM - no.rmpH30BaHHoe M8JIora6apHTHoe nYCKOBoe lliTenCeJIbHOe MeA-
.....
JIeHHOAeHCTBYK>lllee Ha OTnyCK8HHe pene;
K,lI.P - KO){OBOe HenrrenCeJlbHoe peJIe;
K,lI.Plll - KOJI.OBOe lllrenCeJIbHoe peJIe;
K,lI.PIll- M - KO){OBOe IIlTenCeJIbHoe Mell,1IeHHO){eHCTBYIDlllee pene;
K,lI.PlIl-ME - KOAOBoe lllrencenbHoe pe.ne C MafHlITHOH 6J10KHPOBKOtt;
Till -1p8HCMHITepHoe lllrenCeJIbHoe peJle..
*PeJIe THna ACIlI YCTaHaBJIHBaJOTCSI KaK Ha CTaTHBaX, TaK H B peJIeHHblX lllK8-
«Pax..
64
UI1«PPbI, cro$lllU1e B 1lI11«Ppe peJIe rrOCJIe 6}'KB, 0603HaIfaIOfLfHCJlo KOH-
TaKTHbIX rpyrrn (COCTaB KOHTaKTHOrO Ha6opa) 11 paCllIH«ppOBbIBaIOTC$I
CJIeA)'JOIlJ)1M 06paJoM:
1 - BoceMb nepeKJIIOIfalOlUHX KOHTaKTOB (<<PPOHTOBOM - TbUIOBOH),
2 - IfeTblpe rrepeKJIIOIfalOlUHX KOHTaKTa,
3 - ABa rrepeKJIlOqalOll(HX 11 ABa «PPOHTOBbIX KOHTaKTa,
4 - IfeTblpe rrepeKJIIOIfalOll.{HX H IfeTbIpe «PpOHTOBblX KOHTaKTa,
5 - ABa nepeKJIlOqalOll.{HX l1l{Ba TbUIOBhlX KOHTaKTa.
QI1CJIa, CTORlUl1e B 11111«Ppe peJIe rrOCJIe Ae«pl1ca, 0603Ha'lalOT corrpo-
THWIeHHe 06MOTKI1 B OMax, a y aBapl1HHbIX peJIe - HOMI1HaJ1bHoe pa6o-
Ifee HanpIDKeHl1e, Ha KOTopoe paCCql1TaHO pene. ECJIH peJIe I1MeeT .ABe
06MOTl(}f C p83HblMI1 cOnpornR1IeHHHMH, TO nocJ]e JI.e«pl1ca YKa3bIBCUOT-
CR JI.Ba IfI1CJIa, pa3JI.eJIeHHbIe 3HaKOM l(p0611.
MaJIora6aplITHble peJIe THrra P3JI (peJIe 3JIeKrpOMarHHTHble pa3pa-
60TIGI JIeHI1Hrp CKOrO 3JIeKTpOTeXHI11-IeCKOrO 3aBOl\a) HMelOT OTJII1If-
HbIe OT npl1Be)J.eHHbIX BbIllie 0603Ha'leHKH. nepBble 6}'KBbl B 0603Haqe-
HI1ID( peJIe paCllIl1«PPOBbIBaIOTCH CJleAYJOll{I1M 06pa30M:
E - HelllTenCeJIbHoe peJIe (mTencenbHble pene He HMelOT Cnel.1HaJlbHOrO 060-
3 HaqeHIDI) ,
n - nOJUlpU30BaHHoe peJIe,
A - aBapHHHoe peJIe,
o - orHeBoe pene,
C - ClpeJIOqHOe nycKoBoe peJIe,
En - HelliTenCCJIbHoe peJIe nOCTOSlHHoro TOKa,
EC - HeWTenCeJIbHoe ClpeJIOqHoe nYCKOBoe peJIe..
BTopaH 6}'KBa H o603HaIfaeT HOpM3JIhHOAeMCTBYIDIl.1ee peJIe, nOCJIe-
AHIDI 6YKBa M - MeJ])1eHHo,QeHCTBYIOll{ee peJIe.
QI1«PPbl, cro$lll(He B 11111«Ppe peJIe rnrra P3JI nOCJIe 6}'KB, 0603HaIfaIOT
COCTaB KOHTaKTHOm Ha60pa H paCIlII1«ppOBbIBaIOTC$I CJIe1JYlOl.I.U1M 06paJOM:
1 - llIeCTb nepeKJIlOqalOlllHX 11 ABa «PpOHTOBbIX KOHTaKTa,
2 - qeTbIpe nepeKJIIO'1alOllll1X KOHTaKTa,
3 - 1J.Ba nepeKJIIOIfalOIl.1HX 11 ABa «PPOHTOBbIX KOHTaKTa,
5 - TpH nepCKJIIOIfalOll.1HX 11 O,lIJfH «PPOHTOBOM KOHTIlKT
YCJIOBHo-rpa«pWlecKHe o603HaIfeHH$I peJIe (o603HaIfeHHR, HCrrOJIb3Y-
eMble B 3JIeKrpl1IfeCKHX cxeMax) npl1BeJ],eHbI B Ta6JI. 3..4 [43], KOHTaKTOB
peJle - B Ta6n. 3.5 H 3.6.
B COBpeMeHHblX CHCTeMax :>KeJIe3HOl(o(X>)l(HOJ1 aBTOMa1111G1 HcnoJlb3)'lOT-
C$I pelle pa3JIJ11.IHbIX THnOB H MO)JJ1«PHKaQI1H, CKOHCTpyupoBaHHbIe I1l13ro-
TOBJIeHHbIe B pa3JlJ11.lHbIe rrepHO)].b1 BpeMeHH. B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT KOHCTpYK-
THBHhIX oco6eHHocrei1 MO)f(HO Bbl.L(eJII1Tb 'leTblpe nOKOJ1eHIffi pelle [43].
5-3674
65
Ta6nUlia 3.4
Y CJlOBHo-rpacJ»U'leCKUe 0603H8 '1eHUH peJle
THn perle PeJIe I KJlacca PeJIe He I KJlac-
HaJIe)l(HOCTH ca H8)1e>KHOCTH
l. HeHTpaJIhHbIe pene nOCTOJlHHOrO TOKa:
C 011HOH 06MOTKOH f ""
'--
C JIBYMJI napaJInenhHO COeJIHHeHHhlMH 06- /' """'"
- of .,
MOTKaMH T T
""""--
-
,. ""
C 11BYMJI pa3JIenbHbIMH 06MoTKaMH
" --'
-
/
C 3aMellneHHeM npH oTnycKaHHH JlKOpJl
C 3aMeJ].JIeHlfeM nplt npmJlJKeHHH JlKOpJl ,
'-. ..,)
, .'""
C HarpeBaTeJJbHhIM 3neMeHTOM
'-
C BbInpJlMHTeJIbHbIM 3JJeMeHTOM (BblnpJlMHTe / ,
neM)
2. OOnJlplf30BaHHbIe pellC nOCTOJlHHOrO TOKa:
HOpMaJIbHOrO 11eHcTBHJI (,uByxnOID1pHoe) :0:
-
c npeo6JI3J(aHHeM nOIDlpHoCTH (o.nHonOIDlpHoe)
-
c BbrnpJlMHrenLHbIM 3J1eMeHTOM (BblnpJlMHTe-
neM)
3. KOM6HHHpoBaHHbIe pene nOCTOJlHHOro TOKa:
.... {Z
HOpMaJIhHOrO 11eHCTBHJI
....
C 3aMe):tJIeHHeM upH OTnYCKaHHH HeHTpaJIL-
Horo JlKOpJl
I'
....
c caMoY11ep>KaHHeM HCHTpaJIbHOro JlKOpJl
66
OKOliliallue ma6Jl. 3.4
THn pene P ene] KJIacca Pene He I KJ1ac-
Hal1e)l(HOCTH ca H3J1e)l(HOCTH
4. PeJ1e C MarHHTHoH cHCTeMoH, pearHp}'IOlI1He
Ha TOK O.ll.HOH nOn.SlpHocrn:
r"""\
-
-
HOpMaJILHOrO .lleHCTBHJI \...-
, ""\
-
C 3aMeJ1.J1eHHeM npH oTnYCKaHHH JlKOpB -
5. Pene nepeMeHHoro TOKa:
/ ,
O.ll.H03J1eMeHTHOe -
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/-
L{BYXJJIeMeTHOe -./
-
6. Pene T)JaHCMHTTepHOe nepeMeHHoro TOKa *
Ta6Jlulja 3.5
Y CJIOBHo-rpocJ»H'IeCKHe 0003HO'leHHH KOHTOKTOB HeUTp8JILHOrO peJle
HaHMeHOBaHHe (THn) KOHTaKTOB 0603Ha'lfeHHe npH COCTOJlHHH peJIe
... 6e3 TOKa
HeHTpaJIbHOrO JlKOpJl non TOKOM
KOHTaKT t}JpOHTOBOH (4)) L l
-
KOHTaKT TblJIOBOH (T) t l
r
KOHTaKT nepeKJIIOQalOlI1HH I l L t
(TPOHHHK 0, T) I T
KOHTaKTbl YCHneHHble I V L v
f\. r:
KOHTaKThl C MarHUTHbIM rarneHHeM - L . (\,
I T
KOHTaKThl C 6e306pbIBHhlM nepeKnlOlieHHeM . L
67
I UUJlUl/U ,).0
Y CJl08Ho-rpacJ»H..eCKHe 0603Ha..eHHH IroHTakT08 nOJlHpH308aHHOrO peJle
HaHMeHOSaHHe (THn) KOHTaKTOB 0603Ha'leHHe n H nonJi HOCTH TOKa
non" H30BaHHoro JlKOpJl n JlMOH: 06 aTHOU
KOHTaKT nepeKJllOqalOIUH" YCHneHHbl"
p
-
' )"-
;
- " 5,
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KOHT3KT ncpCKJllOqalOIUH H
(TpOiiHHK H n)
" 5,
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KOHTaKT nepeKJIlOqalOIUH" C MarHIiTHblM
rarneHHeM
K peAe I nOKOAeHUJl OTHOCSlTCSl HelliTenCeJIbHbIe peJIe, npoH3BOJI.CTBO
KOTOpblX Ha'laJIOCb B 1930-x ff. npolllJIoro CTOJIeTHSl.. B HacroSlIUee Bpe-
MSl 60JIblllIDI qaCTb TaKHX peJIe B cxeMax )l(eJIe3HOJI.opo>KHOH aBTOMaTHKJ1
3aMeHeHa Ha peJ1e 60JIee n03,llHHX MOJIH<l>HKaUHM, OL(HaKO Ha HeKOTO-
pbIX CTaHLlHHX H }'\laCTKaX ewe HaxO.wITCSl B 3KcnnyaTal.{HH HeI..UTenCeJ1b-
HbIe perre THIlOB HP, rrnp, liP, IiPB, CKTIP, TP. J],1rn BK1llOlJeHIDI B 3JIeK-
TPHIJeCKHe CXeMbI KOHTaKTbI HeI..UTenCeJIbHbIX peJIe BblBOMTCSl Ha Hap}')K-
HbIe 60JITbI C raMKaMH. HeJIOCTaTKaMH TaKHX pelle SlBJISlIOTCJI 60JIbllII1e
ra6aplITbI, 1]Je6yJOUlHe 3HaqHTeJlbHOro paCXOll.a JI.oporOCTOJlWHX MaTe-
pHaJIOB npl1 npoH3BOACTBe, a TalOKe TPYJI.oeMKOCTb MOHTIDKa H 3aMeHbI B
cxeMax..
KOJI.OBble peJIe THna K,[(P - 3£0 peJIe nocroSlHHoro TOKa 06J1eNeH-
HoroTHna (c 06JIel'leHHbIM SlKopeM), OTHOCgWHeCSl KIll KIlaccy H e)l(-
HOCTH. B cxeMax, peaJIH3yJOWHX cl>YHKUHH 6e30nacHocTH JI.BI1)1(eHIUl,
npHMeHeHHe KOL(OBbIX peJIe He JI.orrycKaeTCSl, TaK KaK 1]Je6yeTCSl L(onOJI-
HHTeJIbHbIH cxeMHblM KOlDpOJIb ill{ COCTOJlHHSl (npHTIDKeHIDI H omyCKa-
HHSl SlKOpSl).
K pelle II nOKOAeHUJl OTHOCSlTCJI llITenCeJIbHble pene, npoH3BOL(CTBO
KOTOpblX HaqaJIOCb B CepeL(HHe 1950-x IT. c ueJIbIO 3aMeHbI peJIe I nOKO-
JIeHIDJ. B HacroSlwee BPeMSl B CHCTeMax )l(eJIe3HOJI.opo>KHOH aBTOMaTIlKJ1
HaxoAHTCSl B 3KcnnyaTaIDIH pelle TI1I10B HIlI, HnIlI, HBIlI, Oill, KlII,
CKIII, CKIIIll, TIll, K,[(Pill. KOHCTp)'KTHBHO peJIe 3TI1X THnOB OTJIH-
qalOTCSl OT aHaJIOfHqHblX peJIe I nOKOJIeHHSl HaJIH':IHeM llITenCeJIbHoro
pa3DeMa, o6JIel'lalOLUero 3aMeHY peJIe B 3KcnnyaTaUHOHHblX YCJIOBHHX.
Manora6apHTHble I..UTenCeJIbHble peAe III nOKOAeHUJl B HaCTOHlllee Bpe-
M5I JlBJI.mOTCSl HaH60JIee pacnpocrpaHeHHblMH B ycrpoHCTBaX )l(elle3HOL(O-
68
PO)f(HOH aBTOMaTHKH If Te.lIeMexaHHKH.. I1x ceplfHHoe npoH3BOL\CTBO Ha-
":IaTO B KOHUe 1950 - HaqaJIe 1960-x IT. B nOCJIe lOllJ)1e roL\bI peJIe MO-
-nepIDf3I1poBaJI11Cb.. PeJle III nOKOJIeHIDI BbmYCKaIOTCH.LJ.BYX BHllOB: LUmen-
CeJlbHble (B 3allJ.HTIIOM KOlITIaKe) .llJIH YCTaHOBKH Ha craTHBaX If B peJIefIH.blx
I.IIKa<Pax; neuunenceAbHble (OTKpbITbIe),lJ)UI YCTaHOBIGI B peJIeillib1X 6JIOKaX.
no 31IeICIpHlJecKHM If Mexa.I-lWIecKHM xapmcrepHC11fKaM pelle IIITeIlceJIb-
Horn nma If ll.{He JiM pelle HeIIITeIlceJlbHoro nma aHaJIOIWffibI.
HeIIITenceJIbHhle pelle rom npHcoeJn{HeHl1Sl (nO,lUlaillrn) MOHIIDKHbIX TI{X>BO-
-nOB B KOHraKIHbIX lIpy)KHHax If BblOO,aax OT 06MaroK HMelOT OTBepCTI1.S1.
B Ha":lane 1980-x IT. TI{X>lllJ1oro CfOJIe1WI 31IeIcrpOTeXHH":IeCKHMH JaBO-
)laMH OCBOeHO npo113BO,n;crBO 3JIeKlpOMafHHTHblX pelle IV noKOIleHUR (pe.TIe
THIIa P3JI), 06JIa,aaroll{HX CJIe)1yIOllJ)1MH TeXHH":IeCKHMH If 3KcnnyaTIU..(H-
OHHhIMH npeHM)'ll.l:ecrBaMH no cpaBHeHHIO c peJIe II If III nOKOJIeHHll::
- }'MeHbllleHlfe pa3MepoB KOHTaKTOB;
- }'BeJIH":IeHHe KOMM}Ta1J.HOHHOro pecypca H BH6poYCfOHq}ffiOCrn;
- YMeHbllleHHe ..Qpe6e3r3 KOHTaKTOB;
- CHIDKeHHe npHMepHO B 2 pa3a 06beMa If B 1,5 pa3a - MaCCbI peJIe, 00-
eHHe pacxo,n;a ITJIacTMaCCbI lfl{BeTIibIX Me1a1IJIOB, B TOM 'llICJIe cepe6pa;
- IlOBbIllleHl1e Ha.ne)I(}JOCTH lllTenCeJIbHoro coeL\lfHeHIDl peJIe c po-
3eTKOH H cra6HJ1bHOCTH 3JIeKTpl1QeCKHX H MexaHWIecKHX IlapaMelpOB.
PeJIe THIla P3JI y-nOBJIemopmor BCeM 1pe60BaHH.SIM, npeJJ:hSlBmleMbIM
K npH60paM I KJI8Cca Ha.ne)l(HOCTH, npe-nHa3HaQeHHbIM)J)1}1 06eCIle":le-
HID! 6e30nacHOCTI1 JI.BIDKeHID! Iloe3JI:OB.
PeJIe THIl8 P3JI BbIIlYCKaJOTCR B IllTenceJIbHOM H HelliTeIlCeJIbHOM
J.fCIlOJIHeHHH.. B OT.1IWIHe OT pe.ne THrra HM, He JiMelOll{HX HH.J:n{BH):{yaJIb-
HbIX 3al.l(HTHbIX KOJIllaKOB, HeurrenCeJIbHble peJIe TaK )Ke, KaK urreIlCeJIb-
HbIe, 3al<pbITbI I1HlIHBH)JyaJIbHblMH 3allJ)1THbIMH KOJInaKaMH.
Pa3pa6oTaHbl CJIe,lly1OI1.1He urrenceJIbHble (HeurrenceJIbHbIe) peJIe IlO-
CTORHHOro TOKa:
P3JIl, P3JI2 (EHI, EH2) - HeihpanbHbleHOpMaJIbHO.l1eHCTB}'IOllUie;
P3JIIM, P3JI2M (EHIM, EH2M) - HeHTpaJ1hHble MeDJIeHHO.l1eHCfBYJOllUie;
1U13, 1U13Y (Ell3, Ell3Y) - c nOIDlpH3YK>weH 06MOTKoH, HOpMaJIhHo.aeHCTBY-
IOlUHe;
nJI3M, TIJI3YM (6ll3M, 6ll3MY) - C nOIDlpH3YK>llteH 06MOTKoH, MeDJIeHHO-
u
neHCfBYlOlltHe;
C2 (EC2) - c nOBbIIlIeHHbIMH KOMMYmIDfOHHbIMH B03MOJKHOCUlMH;
C5 (EC5) - nYCKOBble;
3 (E,L{3) - nBoHHble HOpMaJIhHO.l1ei1cTB)'IOlltHe;
3M (E,L{3 M) - LlBoftHble MeDJIeHHO.l1eftCTBYIOIllHe;
69
(H3 H3M) - Heti1panbHbIe HOpManbHollei1CTBYlOlUHe Ii MelIJIeHHollei1CTByro-
llU1C.
Pa3pa6oTaHbl CJIeJ1YlOIUHe lllTenCeJIbHbIe peJIe nepeMeHHoro TOKa:
02, 0112 (602) - OfHeBbIe:
A2 (6A2) - aBap WHbIe.
EaJOBOH KOHcTPYKllHefl 31IeKlpOMafHI1THblX peJIe N nOKOJIeHIDI SlB-
JUleTCSl pe.ne P3JI I.
e 2002 f. npl1 npoeKTwpoBaHHH YCTpOMCTB )KeJIe3HOJIopo)I(HOM aBrO-
MaTHKH H TeJIeMexaHHKH BMecro peJIe THna P3n nOCToSlHHOro H nepe-
MeHHOro TOKOB npHMeIDIIOTCSl Mo epHH3l1poBaHHble peJIe [33]. npH MO-
JIepHH3aUHH peJIe TUna P3n 6blJIH H3MeHeHbl cxeMa MafHHTOnpoBo,na
peJIe H KOHCTpYKUIDI Ka'fYll.IeK peJIe - peJIe HMelOT Hepa3BeTRJIeHHyro
MafHHTHYIO cHcreMY C O,nHHM CepL{eqHHKOM BMecTO ,nBYX H LlB}'MSI Ka-
1)'lllKaMH BMeCTO qeTblpex. MOL{epHH3HpoBaHHbIe peJIe o6JIan:alOT npe-
HMywecTBaMH no cpaBHeHHIO C pe.ne P3JI no 31 nO.Ka3aTeJIIO, B qaCTHO-
CTH: COKpaweH pacxo,n 06MOTOqHOro npOBo,na 60JIee qeM B 1,8 pa3a;
YMeHbllleHbl B 1,4 p33a paCXOL{ 31IeKlpOTeXHH'leCKOH CT3JIH H B 1,2 p33a
BeC peJIe; CHH)KeHa B 1,2 pa3a TPy oeMKOCTb H3roTORlIeHIDI peJIe H no-
BbIllleHa HX peMOHTOnpHfOJIHOCTb npH 3KcnnyaTaUHH; YMeHbllleHO B
2 p33a KOJIHqecTBO nae1.J.HblX coeL{HHeHHM B peJIe nOCToRHHOro TOKa.
BJaMM03aMeIDIeMOcTb peJIe nOKa3aHa B TaM. 3.7. Mo epHH3HpoBaH-
Hble peJIe H, HE H HX pa3HOBHlIHOCTH H COOTBeTCTBYlOl.l.(He peJIe P3n,
EH H I1X pa3HOBH.nHOCTH B3aI1M03aMeIDIeMbI no YCTaHOB01.J.HbIM pa3Me-
paM, napaMe1paM H cxeMaM no,nKlIIO'leHH.H. PeJIe C 6}'KBOH «D» B 060-
3HaqeHHH npellHa3HaqeHbI rom ycraHOBKH B peJIeHHblX MOKaX.
Ta6Jlul.IQ 3. 7
B18HM018MeHReMOCTh peJle
THnbl HOBLIX pene THIIb13aMeHJleMhiX THnbl HOBblX peJIe THnbl 3aMeHJleMblX
pene pene
IH P3fll tHE EHI
IHM P3nlM IHEM EHIM
2H P3fl2 2HE EH2
2HM P3fl2M 2HEM EH2M
2C C2 2CE EC2
20 02 20E. 208E E02
20fl On2 20fl6 60n2
2A A2 2AE EA2
fJIaua 4. OprAHH3 3JIEKTPOllHTAHIDI
YCTPOHCfB ABTOMATHKH H TEJIEMEXAHHKH
4.1. TpefioBaIIIUI K HCfOtJUHKaM 3JleK1pO
8BTOMaTHKH H TeJleMexaHHKH
ycrpoUCTB
YCTpOHCfBa CIJ:E OTHOC.SlTCSI K 3JIeK'lpOTeXHH':IeCIGIM YCTpOHCTBaM,
,lI)Ul pa60ThI KOTOpbIX Heo6xo,lJ;HMa 3JIeK'lp03Hepnm.. Arm 06eCneqeHHH
6ecnepe60HHoH pa60TbI YCTpOHCTB CIJ:E Heo6xo,lUlMO OpraHH30BaTb I1X
HenpepbIBHoe 3JIeK'lpOnHTaHHe, npl1':1eM Ka':lecTBo (napaMeTPbI) 3JIeKT-
po3Heprl1H ,n;OJDKHO COOTBeTCTBOBaTb YCTaHOBJIeHHbIM HopMaTHBaM H
TeXHHqeclGlM YCJIOBIDIM Ha KOH1<peTHhle YCTpOHCTBa.
COrJIaCHO IIpaBHJIaM YCTpOHCTBa 3JIeK'lpOYCTaHOBOK [37] Bee rrOTpe-
6HTeJIM 3.TIeK.1p03HeprHM (3.TIeK.1pOnpHeMHHKH) B JaBHCHMOCTI1 OT 1pe60-
BaHHH K 3JIeKTpOCHa6)1(eHHJO p eJUilOTC.H Ha 1]JH KareropHH.. K I Kame-
zopuu OTHOCHIC.H nmpe6Hre.lll1, HapyrneIDIe 3JIeKTpOCHa6)KeHIDI KOropbIX
MO)l(eT npHBeCTH K B03HHKHOBeHHIO aaaplUiHoi1 cmyaIJ.IDI, HapyrneHlliO
BblnOJIHeHIDI TeXHOJIOrHQecKMX npou;eCCOB, C03;:r;aTh yrpo3Y ,lI)Ul )IGf3Hlf
JIIOl(ei1, HaHeCTH 3HaqHTeJIbHbIH 3KOHOMWIeCKHH Yll.{ep6. K npHeMHH-
KaM I KareropHH 3JIeK'lp03Hepnm JIOJDKHa no,naBaTbC.H OT LI;BYX He3aBH-
CHMhIX HCTO"IHHKOB (HeJaBHCHMbIMH Ha3bIBalOTCSI I1CTO"IHHKH 3JIeK'lpO-
fU
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npeKParueHHIO JIeHCTBlliI IijJyroro). IIepepbIB B 3JIeK.1pOCHa6)1(eHHH MO-
)l(eT 6bITb .LJ;onymeH TOJIbKO Ha BpeMSI aBTOMarnqeCKoro rrepeXOlI.a C oc-
fU
HOBHOH CHCTeMbI 3JIeK'lpOnHTaHIDI Ha pe3epBH)'IO, KOTOpoe He l(OJDKHO
npeBbIIIIaTh 1,3 c.
B C HH C TIT3 ycrpoHCTBa 3JIeKlpOCHa6:>KeHllil.LJ;OJDKHbI 06ec-
neqHBaTh HMe)I(Hoe IIHTaHHe YCTpOHCTB CIJ:E KaK nOTpe6HTeJIei1 3JIeK-
lpWIeCKOH 3Hepnrn: I KareropHH.
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60JIee 30, JUicne1'IepcIGIe l(eH1]JbI ynpaR1leHIDI rrepeB03KaMH Bbw;eJIeHbl
B OC06ylO zpynny J Kamezopuu. K npHeMHHKaM oco6oi1 rpynnbI I KaTero-
71
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nepepbIBbI B 3JIeKTpOnHTaHI111 Boo611(e He,nonyCTHMbI.
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nepe aiJa 3JIeKTp03HeprnH Ha paCCTOHHI1R ocyweCTBJUleTCR npl1 BbICO-
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73
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74
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79
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CJIyqae llIYHTOBOH pe>IG1M pa60TbI peJIbCOBOH u.elll1 6Y.lleT 06ecneQeH npl1
BC1)'rmeHI1H Ha Hee XOTH 6bI OnHOH KOJIeCHOH napbI..
KOHmpOAbHblU pe;JICUM COOTBeTCTByeT CB06o.nHOM)' COCTOBHHIO peJIb-
COBOH l.{enM 11 Hel1CnpaBHOCTH peJIbCOBOH nl1HHH (06pbIB).. B 3TOM pe-
-
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TOKa (HarrpIDKeHI151), .nOCTaTOlffibIH AIDI Ha.u.e)J(HOH <l>HKCal(UH Hel1CnpaB-
Horo (3aH$lTOro) COCTOHHI151 peJIbCOBOH ueIIH npH 113JI0Me RTlI1I13b5lrnM
peJIbCa B JII060H TOQKe peJIbCOBOH JIHHI1I1.
Pe:JICUM OBmOMOmUlteCKOU /lOKOMOmUBHOU CU2HWlU30U,UU COOTBeTCTBY-
eT I1CnpaBHOM)' 3aH$lTOM)' COCTOHHHIO peJIbCOBOH l.{enl1. B 3TOM pe}lQ1Me
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ypoBeHb KO.nOBbIX Cl1fHaJIOB, npOTeKaJOillUX no peJIbCOBOI1 nI1HI1M, .nOJI-
xeH 6bITbJ(OCTaTOIJHbIM AIDI Ha.ne)J(HOH pa60ThI JIOKOM011fBHOro npl1eM-
IDfl<a AfIC, paCnOJIO:>KeHHoro Ha y,naJIeHHOM OT HcroqHHKa KOL(OBOro 10Ka
'-"
KOHue peJIbCOBOH uenl1.
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fO rnyHTa Ha nlITaIOll{eM KOHue peJIbCOBOH l.{enl1. B 3TOM pe)JGfMe clUla
TOKa KOpOTKOfO JaMbIKaHI151 He J(OJDKHa npeBbIlllaTb .nonYCTHMoro HO-
u
MI1HaJIbHOrO 3HaQeHI151 AIDI I1CTotJ:HHKa nl1TIlHIDI pe.n:bCOBOI1 u.enH.
PeJIbCOBaH JII1HIDI rrpenCTaBJIBeT C060H 3JIelCI11WIeCKYIO u.enb, npo-
BOJI.HRKaMI1 KOTOpoH HRJIHIOTCH peJIbCbI, 1130JII1poBaHHbIe Me)lQ(y co60H
94
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Hbrn CJIOH. npH nepeJ],aqe 3HeprnH no TaKHM npOBOllHHKaM npOHCXOI(RT
ee nOTepl1. npWiHHaMI1 nOTepb 3Heprl1H HBlliIIOTCJI na,neHHe HanpIDKe-
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HHJI Ha npo,AOJIbHOM COnpOTlffiJIeHI1H peJIbCOBbIX HHTeH 11 yreqKa TOKa B
3eMJIIO qepe3lllnaJIbI 116aJIJIaCT.
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,AelliIIOTCH ee nepBUItHbLMU napaMempaMU - Y,AeJIbHbIM conpoTHBJIeHl1eM
peJIbCOB 11 YAeJIbHblM COnpOTI1BJIefrneM 63JUIacTa.
nO,A YOeJlbHbLM conpOmU8IleHUeM peJlbC08 nOHHMaeTCJI conpoTHBJIeHHe
o6eux HUTeH co CTbIKOBbIMI1 coe,nHHHTeIDIMH H HaKJIaJI;I<aMI1, orneceH-
Hoe K 1 KM peJIbCOBOHJrnHHH (T.e. conpOTHBJIeHl1e peJIbCOBOH neTJrn ,lI)IH-
HOW 1 KM). Eu.I1HHl1.bI H3MepeHHJI - OM/KM. 0603HaQeHHe - rp HJIH 2]J
(JI,JUI peJIbCOBbIX uenew nOCTOJlHHOro TOKa rp - AeWCTBHTeJIbHOe qI1CJlO,
JI)UI peJIbCOBbIX QeneH nepeMeHHoro TOKa 2]J - KOMlUleKcHoe qI1CJlo).
3HaqeHHe Y,AeJIbHOrO COnpOTI1BJIeHIDI peJIbCOB B peJIbCOBbIX Qen5IX
nOCTOJlHHOrO TOKa 3aBI1CHT OT Tl1na peJIbCOB 11 Tl1na CThIKOBbIX coeAI1-
HI1TeJIeH.. C YBeJIWieHl1eM HOMepa THna peJIbCOB (OT P43,A0 P75) Y,AeJIb-
Hoe cOnpOTIffiJIeHl1e pe.TlbCOB }'MeHbllIaeTCJI, TaK KaK yaeJIH1JHBaeTCJI OJIO-
llla,LI.b nOnepeqHOrO CeqeHI1J1 pe.1IbCa. 3HaqeHHe Y,AeJIbHOrO ConpOTl1RTIe-
HKSI peJ1bCOB B peJIbCOBbIX Qerurx nepeMeHHoro TOKa JaBI1CIIT OT qaCTOTbI
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qaCTOTbI Cl1rHaJlbHoro TOKa Y,AeJIbHOe COnpOTMBJIeHl1e peJIbCOB YBeJIH-
11I1BaeTCJI. 3HaqeHI151 Y,AeJIbHOrO conpoTlffiJIeHKSI peJIbCOB THna P65 npl1-
BeAeHbI B [30].
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3arpJl3HeHHOCTH. MaKCHMaJIbHOe conpOTHRTIeHl1e 6aJIJIaCTa 6YAeT npl1
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neparype 11 BIIIDKHOCTI1. 3arpR3HeHI1e 6aJIJIaCTa BeIlleCTBaMI1, COD,ep:>Ka-
ll(HMI1 COJIb (JacOJIeHl1e), rrpl1BOlUIT K CHIDKeHHIO ero COnpOTHBJIeHI151.
3HaQeHI1e YlIeJIbHOrO COnpOTHBJIeHHH 6aJIJIaCTa MO}l(eT 113MeIDITbCJI B
lllHpOKID( npe,AeJIax. HOpMaTHBHOe paCqeTHOe 3HaqeHI1e (npl1 KOTOpOM
95
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HeHHSI H BOJIHOBblM conpOTHBJIeHl1eM.
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v
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CH YCJIOBI1Jl, npl1 KOlOpblX ypoBeHb Cl1rHMa Ha BXOAe nyreBoro npl1eM-
HHKa (Ha BbIXOLIe peJIbCOBOH JIill-ll1I1) }'MeHhlllaeTC.H, )]..JUIWYH1OBOro, KOH-
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KOTOPblX ypoBeHb CHfHaJIa Ha BXOLIe nyreBOro npl1eMIDfKa yBeJIHQI1BaCTCJI
(CM. Ta6JI. 5.1).. B KOHTpOJIbHOM pe)KHMe TOK yrellJQ1 npl1 MHHHMaJIbHOM
3HaQeHHH COlljX>TJ1RJIeHIDI 6aJUIacra MO)l{eT flpoTeKaTh B o6xQl{ Mecra paJ-
pblBa peJIbCOBOH 1II1HI1H.. 3Ha4eHJ1e yn;eJIbHOrO conpoTMBJleHI151 6aJ1JIac-
96
Ta (conpOTHRTIeHH5I1i30JUlQHIi), "PH KOTOpOM TOK Ha BXOAe rryTeBOrO
npHeMHIiKa OKa3blBaeTCJI MaKCI1MaJIhHbIM, Ha3bIBaerCR KpHTIlqeCKHM.
Ta6Jlulla 5.1
HaHxy.n mHe YCJlOBHJI pe)KHMOB pafioTbl peJILCOBbIX Qeneii
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TOI.fHHKa nHTaHHJI THBJIeHHe penLCOB THBJIeHHe 6aJInacTa
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KOH l'))OnLHLIH MaKCHMaJIbHOe MHHHMaJILHOe KpHTHl.feCKOe
ARC MHHHMaJILHOe MaKCHMaJIbHOe MHHHMaJILHOe
KopoTKoro 3aMLIKaHHJI MaKCHMaJILHOe
Heo6ecneqeHl1e HOpMaJIbHOro pe:>KHMa MO}l(eT npHBeCTH K HeliCnpaB-
HOCTH <<JIO)l(HID! 3aIDITOCTb», T.e. K OnpeAeJIeHli1O 3aIDIToro COCTOHHI151
peJIbCOBO:M uenli npli cl>aKTIfqeCIOI CBo6oAHOM. B pe3YJIbTare craHOBIIT-
CR HeB03MO}J(HO YCTaHOBlITb Maprnpyr H OTKpbITb CBeTO<t>op, JIM60 rrpo-
HCXOAHT nepeKpbITI1e CBeTo<pOpa C paJpernalOillerO nOKaJaHIDI Ha 3arr-
pernalOwee, qTO MO}l(eT npliBeCrn K 3a,aep)l(l(aM rroeJ,AOB.
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TaK KaK MO}l(eT npHBecTH K KpyrneHHIO noe3)(a.. He06ecneQeHlie pe)lillMa
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peJIhCOBbIe HI1TH, COCTOJlllJ)1e H3 3BeHbeB JI)IIiHO:M 12,5 Ii 25 M (CTbIKOBO:M
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7-3674
97
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npl1 nOMOllU1 CTaJlbHbIX HaKJIa;J.OK 4, JaTIDfYThIX 60JrraMH 3, 06pa3YH peJIb-
COBble CTbIKM.. YBeJIl1qeHl1e 3JIeKlpl1QeCKoro COnpOTHBJIeHIDI peJIbCOBO-
ro CThIKa ClffHaJIbHOM)' TOKY H3-33. 06pa30BaHIDI p)I(aBQI1HbI Ha BHYfPeH-
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caMH Ii HaKJIa;uGlMI1 HJIH B Mecra 6oJITOBhIX coeJ]JfHeHMi1 MO:>KeT nplffieCTl1
K HapyrneHHIO HOpMaJIbHOH pa60TbI peJIbCOBOH eIlli. ConpOTI1BJIeHlie
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6bJ conpoTMBJIeHl1e CThIKOB 6bIJIO MHHHM3JIbHbIM. ,lI,.rrn }'MeHblIIeHIDI 00-
npoTHBJIeHlliI peJIhCOBbIX CTbIKOB, T.e. )].JUI ynyqrnemrn TOKonpoBOL(HOCTH
CTbIKOB, ycraHaBJIHBaIOTCH cmblK08ble peJlbC08ble coeaUHUme.tlU 211 6.
CornacHo HopMaM TeXHOJIOrwrecKoro npOeKTl1pOBaHIDI YCT}JOHCTB
CUE [30] peJIbCOBbIe enl1 J\OJDKHbJ npOeKTl1pOBaTbC.SI C npl1MeHeHHeM
npUBapHbLX CTbIKOBbIX peJIbCOBbIX COeL(I1HI1TeJIelf:
Ha yqacTKax C 3JIeKTPOT.SIroi1 nOCTOmIHOrO TOKa - Me,lJ1ibIX CeQeIDfeM
70 MM 2 I1JII1 CTaJIeMe.nHbIX CeqeHHeM 120 MM 2 ;
Ha yqaCTKax C 3JIeKTPOTflroi1 nepeMeHHoro TOKa - MeJ(HbIX CeQeHl1eM
50 MM 2 , craJIeMe):(HbIX CeQeHHeM 70 MM 2 HJIH craJIbHbIX CeQeHHeM 120 MM 2 ;
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Ha yqaCTKax C aBTOHOMHOM T.SIrOM - crarrbHhIX.
a
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6
6
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PUC. 5.3. YcraHOBKa CThIKOBbIX coeLU1HHTeJIeit
a - npHBapHbIX; 6 - npMBapHoro M urrencelIbHOro
98
npHBapHOH CfbIKOBO:H COe eJIb (pl1c.. 5..4, a) npenCTaRillIeT co60:H
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CTaJIeMeJI.Hbri1), 3aBapeHHbIH no KOHI..{aM B CTaJIbHble MaIDKeTbI 2 [41].
CTbIKOBbIe coenHHlITeJIH AOJDKHbI JIl1pOBaTbCH B CJ1e.lJYlOIUI1X CJIy-
IJaJlX: Ha neperOHax - Ha Bcex penbCoBbIX CTblKax; Ha CTaH I1HX - Ha
rnaBHbIX H 60KOBblX nyrRX, no KOTOpbIM npelI.YCMaTpHBaeTCH 6e30cra-
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CIDKHpCIGIX 11 npl1rOpO HbIX nOe3,l1.0B.
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PI1C. 5.4. CTblKoBbIe peJIbCOBbIC coeJJ.I1HWreJU1:
a - npI1BapHOM; 6 - lliTenCe.ITbHblti
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ca (6 Ha pl1C. 5.3, a). B KaqeCTBe lty6nHp}'IOll(I1X TaIOKe MOryr npHMe-
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npoBOJIOK 1, KOHl.(bI KOTOpbIX npHBapeHbI K ffiTlOBKaM 2nrrenceJIei13.. llIren-
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6bI 1136e)J(tlTh nOBpe)l(,.qeHIDI KOJIecaMH nO,lUlIDKHoro COCTaBa, llfrenceJIbHhIe
coe,l{HHHTeJlI13aKpeI1JISllOTC.H B CnelU1aJIbHbIXL(ep)fGlTeJIID{ - KJI}fTIcax (7Ha
pl1C. 5.3, 6). L(l1aMeTp KIDIQ:(OH npoBOJIOKl1 Y CTaJIbHbIX IIITenceJIbHhIX co-
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nO"lIHhIX nepeBO OB B pa3BeTBJIeHHbIX peJIbCOBbIX QeIDIX YCTaHaRJIIffiaIOTCH
cmpeJlOIIHble coeOUflUmeJlU - lllTenCeJ1bHhIe CTaJIbHbIe I1JIH CTaJIeMeJI.HhIe.
KOHC1p BHoeHcnOflHeHHeC JIOqHh coeAHHHTeJIe"nO HOHa
pl1C. 5.5, a [41], fAe 0603HaqeHbI: 1 - lIITenCeJII1; 2 - fH6K11H npOBO-
nOqHbIH 1pOC (CTaJIbHOH ol(l1HKoBaHHbIH IDIH CTaJIeMeAHbIH); 3 -rnaH-
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11 CTaJIeMenHble CTpeJIOlfiIbIe COeJUlHMTeJJH qeTbIpex rnnOB [33], OTRWla-
IOll.{I1eCH no lLJIl1He, ,AHaMeTpY Tpoca Ii KOHC1p}'KIU1H nrrencelliI (6e3raeq-
Hoe I1JII1 raeqHOe KpellJIeHl1e K peJII>Cy). CTaJIbHbIe COeAI1HMTeJIH HMelOT
JI)lID-Iy 600; 1200; 3300 H 6700 MM 11 .D;l1aMeTp TpOCa 6,2 MJIH 8,2 MM. CTaJIe-
MeAHbIe CoeAHHMTeJJI1 TalOKe lIMelOT JI)lIiHY 600; 1200; 3300; 6700 MM, a
,AHaMeTp TpOCa - 2,2; 2,5; 2,8; 3,0; 4,0 MM.. KOJIWleCTBO npOBOAOB Y CTa-
neMeAHb ClpeJIOqHbIX COe,AHHlITeJJeH MO}f{eT 6bITb 2, 3, 4 HJIH 6.
CoeAHHHTeJIH, HCnOJIb3yeMbIe!WI o6ecneQeHIUI npOTeKaHH5I 06paT-
Horn THrOBoro TOKa no 3JIeMeHTaM C1peJIOQHbIX nepeBOAOB, Ha3bIBalOT
3/leKmpol11Jl208bIMU. 3neIcrpOTffi'OBbIe coe lIMelOT rae1ffioe Kpen-
neIDfe K peJIbCY. KOHC1p BHoe HCnOJIHeHl1e 3JIeKlpOTjJroBb coe,nw-
HHTeJIeH nOKaJaHO Ha pHC. 5..5, 6 [4]], f)].e 0603HaqeHbI: 1- lllTenCeJII1;
2 - rn6KI1i1 npoBOJIOqHbrn TpOC (Me IH, CTaJIeMeAHbIHI1JIH CTaJIeanlO-
MHHHeBbrn); 3 - rnaoobI; 4 - raifKH. Me.1lJlbIe eoe lIMelOT AJIH-
If)' 600; 1200; 2800 HJIH 3300 MM, IUlOIIJ;a,lUJ nonepe1ffioro ceQeHIDI 50 MJIH
70 MM 2 . Coe,lJ,HHlITeJUI ceqeHHeM 50 MM 2 IIpHMeIDIIOTCSI. Ha yqaCTKax C
3JIeKTpOTRroH nepeMeHHoro TOKa, CeQeHl1eM 70 MM 2 - Ha yqacTKax C
3JIeKlpOTHroH nOCTO.sIHHOro TOKa. CTaJIeMeAHble coe,r(HHHTeJIH HMelOT
JI)lHIf)' 900; 1500; 2600; 3300; 3500; 3800 HJII1 4500 MM, IUlOIl{ none-
peqHOrO ceqeHIDI 70; 95 I1JIH 120 MM 2 . CT3JIeaJIlOMHHl1eBbIe coe.l(HHl1re-
nH HMelOT !U1HHY 900; 1500; 2600; 3300; IDIH 3800 MM, IUlOll(Mh none-
100
a
2
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1
2
f .-- '-'-,
.-.. --..-
3
4
6
1
2
4
PHC. 5.5. CTpeJIOIlHhle (a) l13JIeKTpOTlIroBble (6) CoelUlHHTeJII1
peQHoro CeqeHH5I 70 HJIH 150 MM 2 . YBeJIWleHHe llJIOIl{a,nR nOnepeqHoro
ceqemm n03BOJIHeT HCnOJIb30BaTb Coe JIH WUI nponyCKa 6oJIbllIe-
ro 06paTHoro TRfOBOro TOKa. HarrpHMep, CTaJIeaJIlOMHHHeBhIe 3JIeKTpo-
THroB hIe coeJ{HHHTeJIH CeqeHHeM 70 MM 2 paCC'lliTaHbI Ha TOK 225 A, AH-
aMeTpOM 150 MM 2 - Ha 1UK 445 A
TeXHl1'leclGfe xapaKTepHCTHKH peJIbCOBbIX CTbIKOBbIX, CIpeJIO'-lHbIX H
3JIeKTpornroBbIX COeJUfHHTeJIeH pa3JIWIHbIX rnnOB npHBeAeHbI B [41].
YqacTKH nyrH, o6opy.n;oBaHHbIe peJIbCOBbIMH l..{eIDIMH, OT.n;eJUlIOTCH
APyr OT APyra U3OJlUPYIOU4UMU CmblKaMU.. 1130JIHPYIOIlU1e CTbIKH o6ecne-
'lHBalOT 3JIeIcrpWlecKyIO H30.mnnno CMe}l(l-lbIX peJIbCOBbIX [(eneHlJ)lSI TOm,
101
IJTo6bI CHfHaJIbHblM TOK peJIbCOBoi1 QenH He OKa3bIBaJI BJIUHHI1H Ha pa-
601)' rryreBbIX npueMHHKOB LI:Pyrl1X peJIbCOBbIX uenei1 (pHC. 5.6)..
npl1MeHHIOTcH CJ1e)]ylOIIJ.I'Ie THnbI H30J1HPYJOll(I1X CTbIKOB: C 06'heM-
HbIMH MeTIUIJIHqeCKMMH HaKJIarI.KaMH; KJIee60RTOBbIe; KJIee60RTOBbIe
C60pHbIe (c MeTaJIJIOKOMn0311THbJMH HaKJIarI.KaMH); C KOMn03HTHbIMI1
HaKJIa,aKaMH.
HaH60JIee pacnpOCTpaHeHbI H30JIl1pYJOll(Me CfbIKH C 06neMHbIMH Me-
Ta.JIJllNeCIG1MM HaKJIa,ru<aMH, ycrpoeHHbIe CJ1eJIYlOllU1M 06pa30M (PHC. 5.7):
ABC HaKJIa.L{1Q1 1 H 5, H30RHpOBaHHble OT peJIbCa 3 H30JII1PYJOlllHMH npo-
KJIarI.KaMI1 (60KOBhIMH 2, 4H HIDKHei18), CTHHyrhI 60RTaMH Z EORThI
I130JIHpOBaHbl OT pelIbCOB H30JII1PYJOIInfMH BJyJIKaMI1 6, a CMe}lCHble peJIb-
Cbl APyr OT LIpyra - CThIKOBOM U30RI1PYJOIUei1 npOKJIaLI.Koi1 9.. MOHTIDK
TaKJ1X H30JIHPYJOJ.l(I1X CThIKOB npOH3BOJJ,I1TCH HenocpeACTBeHHO Ha Mec-
re ycraHOBIGf.. Ha pHC. 5.7, a nOKaJaHa ycraHOBKa H30JII1pYJOIUero CThIKa
Ha yqacTKe C AepeBHHHhIMH rnnarraMH, Ha pHC. 5.7, 6 - Ha yqacTKe C
)f(eJIe306eTOHHbIMH rnnaJIaMH.
B KJIee60JIToBoM H30JIHpYJOmeM CTbIKe (PHC. 5.8, a) HaKJI3,LIJGf 1, 5H
60nTbI 6 H30JIHPYJOTCH OT peJIbCOB 3 H ,npyr OT APyra npH nOMOIIJ;11 cne-
QHaJIbHOM KJIeeBOH MaCCbI 2, 4, cOCTORIUeH H3 HeCKOJIbKHX CJ10eB CTeK-
ROTKaHH, nponuTaHHoi1 3nOKCH):{HbIM KJIeeM (3nOKcH)UIoi1 CMOROi1).
TOPl.{bI CMe)I(HbIX peJIbCOB TaIOKe H30RHpOBaHhI APyr OT ,npyra 1130JIHPy-
IOll.IHMH npOKJI8D.KaMH. TaIGIe CTbIKI1113roTaRJIHBalOTCH B 3aBOllCKJ1X YC-
ROBIDIX KaK elI.IDloe ueJIoe C peJIbCaMH, 11 n03TOM)' 06Ra,naroT 60JIee Bb]-
u u
COKOH MexaHWIeCKOH npOq}{OCTblO, qeM H30JIHpYJOll(Me CTbIKM C MeTaJI-
JIH1JeCKHMH HaKJIarI.KaMH. OAHaKo B cRyqae BbIXOAa KJIee60RToBoro
H30JIHpYJOIUero CThIKa 113 CtpOH ero peMOHT HeB03MO)f(eH, a JaMeHa Tpe-
6yeT 3aMeHbI peJIbCOB, 1ffO B YCJIOBIDIX RHTeHCHBHoro J(BIDKeHH5I noe3-
nOB He BcerAa npeACTaBJIHeTCH B03MO:>KHbIM.
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PeJILCOBaH neOL 1
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PeJILCOBaH neOL 2
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PlfC. 5..6. M30JUlIlliSl CMe)I(HbIX peJIbCOBbIX QeneH
102
a
1 9
7
6
1 9
7
3
3
4
5
6
7
4
56
.
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PHC.. 5..7. 1130JIHPYJOWHti CTbIK C MeTaJU1W1eCIGIMI1 HaKJIa,LU<aMH Ha yqaCTKe:
a - C JJ,epeBHHHbIMI1 rnnaJIaMI1; 6 - C }KeJIe306eTOHHb1MI1 IlInWIaMI1
Arm cOKpameHIDI 3KcITJIyaTall;HoHHbIX paCXOL(OB, CBH3aHHbIX C 3aMe-
HOH H30RHPYIOlUI1X 3ReMeHTOB p3.3pa60TaHbI C60pHble KJIee60JlTOBbIe
H30JIHpYIOI.I..tHe CTbIKH, YCTaHoBKa KOTOpbIX MO)f(eT npoH3Bo HTbCH He-
......
nocpe)].CTBeHHO Ha Meece npH KarrHTaJIbHOM peMOHTe rryrH, CIDIOlllHOIi
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crBO KJIee60JITOBOrO H3OJIHPYIOlUefo CTbIKa C MeTaJIJIOKOMn0311THbIMH
HaKJIa,r(KaMH nOKa3aHO Ha pHC. 5.8, 6, fL(e 0603HaQeHbI: 1, 4 - HaKJIM-
KH; 2 - 1130JIHPYIOIl(asI myRKa; 3 - peJIbC; 5 - H30JII1PYIOlilIDI npOKJIM-
Ka; 6 - raHKa; 7 - 6o.nT; 8 - MeTaJlJIWleCKasJ o6eQai1Ka. TIpHMeHeHl1e
KJIeH XOJlOD:HorO OTBep.n;eBaHH.H n03BOJUleT npOH3BO,lUITb MOHTIDK 1130JIH-
PYIOlUero CTbIKa HenOCpeL(CTBeHHO B rryrH.
B nOCJ1eL(HHe rOL(bI lllHpOKO npHMellillOTCH H30JlHPYIOUlHe CTbIKH C
KOMII03HTHbIMH HaKJIaJI.I<aMl1 pa3pa60TKl1 HTITI «AnAT3K». YcrpoHcmo
TaKoro I130JIHpYIOI.I..tero CfbIKa nOKaJaHO Ha pHC. 5.9, fL(e 0603HaQeHbI: 1-
rafu<a; 2 - lllai16a rrpy>KHHHaH; 3, 6 - HaKJIMIGf; 4 - peJIbC; 5 - Bepx-
HHi1 H30JIHPYIOI.I..tHi1 CJ1oi1; 7 - 60JIT C H30JISlUHei1; 8 - HIDKHHHI130J1H-
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1130JIHPYI01lI.He CTbIKH <<AnAT3K) XapaKTepH3yK>TCH BbICOKOH npOQ-
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103
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PHC.. 5.8" Knee60JITOBOM H30JIHPYJOl.I.(HH CTbIK (a) Ii C60PHblM C MeTaJ1lIOKOMn03HT-
HbIMH HaKJIaLJ.IQlMH (6)
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lOT XOpOlllHMH aHTm<:opp03IDfHbIMH CBOHCTBaMI1 H HH3I<HM BJ1aroHacbI-
lUeHHeM, rpH60CTOHKOCTbIO, He no,nBep.>KeHbI B03J{eHCTBIDIM IGfCJIOTHbIX
H ll(eJIOq}{bIX npOJIYKTOB, a TaIOKe He<PrenpoJJYKTOB H Macen. KOMTI03HT-
HbIe HaKJIarI.KIi He nOABep}f(eHhl H3J10MY, a AIDI KpeIIJIeHH5I 3neMeHTOB
H30JIHpyK>lUero CTbIKa HCnOJIb3yK>TCH BbICOKonpoqHbIe ,neTaJIH.
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H rJIYXHX nepeceQeHMi1. Ha pHC. 5.10 H 5.11 [52] nOKa3aHbI MeCTa YCTa-
HOBKH H30nHpyK>ll(HX CThIKOB, penbCOBbIX CTbIKOBbIX, ClpeJIOqHhIX H
3JIeKTpOTHrOBbIX coenHHHTeJIeH Ha CTpeJIOIffibIX nepeBO,nax (PHC. 5.10, a),
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06MoTKaX onpeL{eJUleTCR rnnOM L{pOCCeJIb-lpaHc<popMaTopa H K03<l><PIi-
IU1eHTOM TpaHc<popMaUMH [41]. OCHOBHaJI 06MOTKa COCIOIIT 113 ABYX ceK-
QHH H HMeeT lpH BbIBO,Aa (CM. pHC.. 5.13). KpaHHHe BbIBO,[{bl AI, A2 oc-
HOBHOH 06MOTIG1 L{pOCCeJIb-lpaHcij)opMaTOpa COeJnlHeHbI C BbIBo,naMH
9, 11 (CM.. pl1C.. 5.12), KOTOpbIe COe,lU1HHIOTCH C peJIbCaMHL{pOCCeJIbHbIMH
nepeMb KaMH. CpellHHH BbIBOl( K OCHOBHOH 06MOTKI1 (CM. pHC. 5..13)
coe HHeH C BbIBOL{OM 10 (CM.. pHC.. 5.12), KOTOphIH coeL{HlUIeTCfI Me)K-
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qacrcH annapa1)'pa peJIbCOBOH uenH..
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HOM KOpnyce 2, JaKpbITOM KpblIlIKOH 3 C pe3I1HOBhlM yruIOTHMTeJIeM. Y C.LI.BO-
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meHbI AB3. MarmrronpoBOna C 06MOTKaMH; cpe)];HHe BbIBO,[{bl K OCHOBHbIX
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HI1.H BhIBOL{ Kool.l{ (CM. pHC. 5.13)..lImI paJ,aeJIKH Ka6e.rrn 8(CM. pHC. 5.12),
no,nB01I.HMoro K.npocCeJIb-TPaHccPoPMaTOPY, CJIy)KIIT My<P'ra 7, JaKpellJIeH-
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3aKpbITble np06KaMl1 OTBepcTIDl J])UI KOHTpOJUI ypoBIDI H CJII1Ba MaCJIa.
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CeJIb-lpaHcij)0pMaTopbI THnOB T-0,2-500, T-0,6-500, T-0,2-1000,
T-0,6-1000, T-0,2-1000 , T-0,6-1000 , T-0,2-1500, T-0,4-
1500; Ha yqaCTKaX C 3J1eKTpOTHroH nepeMeHHoro TOKa - AT-I-ISO, 2,D.T-
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r e OCYIIJ;eCTBJUleTCH ABM)KeHHe TIDKeJIOBeCHbIX rpY30BbIX nOe3110B, JIO-
KOMOTI1BOB nOBbIIlJeHHOH MOI.QHOCTH, BbICOKOCKopoCTHOe ABlf)l(eHHe, a
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PliCa 5.17 a 3JIeKTPlf\leCKHe cxeMbI nyreBbIX ct>HJIb-rpOB <I>n -25 11 CD n - 25M
116
36q>-1
R2
36q>-2
R2
1
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3
4
Rl R3 R2 7 R4
2 5 Rl 5
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3 I . 6
BxoJJ;: 1-3 Ll Cl Bxo,D;: 1-3
1 I " 6
BhIXOJJ;: 2-6 BhIXO,D;: 2-6
nepeMbI1uca: 2-5 nepeMhIIIKa: 2-5
PRC. 5.18. 3JIeKTpWlecKHe cxeMhI JaIIUITHbIX 6.rrOKOB- HlIb1pOB 3ECI>-1 Ii 3ECI>- 2
CeJIb L2 H 3aIl{HTHbIH pe3HCTOp RI; Y 3E<1>- 2 BMecTO npoccelliI YCTaHOB-
lIeH TpaHc<lx>PMaTOp 1V. 3aIl.{KIy OT rapMOHl1K TRroBOro TOKa (noCTOHH-
Hbl" T5IrOBbIH TOK BbIpa6aTbIBaeTcH rryreM BbInpHMJIeHI1.SI nepeMeHHoro
TOKa H no3TOM)' Co ep)fQff nepeMeHHyIO COCTaRJ1$1lOlI.{yIO - fapMOHHKI1
Ha qaCToTax, KpaTHbIX 50 fu) ocyweCTBJIHeT nOCJIeJJ.oBaTeJIbHbIH KOH-
TYP LI-CI, HMelOll.{HH MaJIOe COnpOTHBJIeHHe JI)UI CHfHaJIOB Ha qac-
Tore 50 fQ If 6oJIbllloe - Ha qaCTOTaX 150 H 300 fQ.
3all(HTHbIe 6JIOKli THna 3E-)].CIll (pHC. 5.19) 3allll-II.lUUOT 4>a3oqya-
CTBI.fTeJIbHble rryreBbIe peJIe B peJIbCOBbIX l(eIDIX rrepeMeHHoro TOKa qac-
TOTbI 25 fQ Ha yqaCTKax C 3JIeKTPOrnrOH nepeMeHHoro TOKa. BbICOIGIH
ypOBeHb HanpIDKeHI1.SI IJaCTOTbI 50 fl( Ha 06MOTKe rryreBOro peJIe TaKOH
peJIbCOBOH QenI1 He MO)l(eT BbI3BaTb ero lIOJKHOro cpa6aTbIBaHHH (npH-
TIDKeHIDI ceKTopa), HO MO)l(C'f BbI3BaTb KOJIe6aHIDII1JIH BI16paQHIO ceK-
TOpa, IJro Cyu..J:eCTBeHHO yxy.nrnaeT YCJIOBIDI pa60TbI peJIe. n03TOM)' lpe-
6yeTcH 3alI..(lITa nyreBbIX peJIe OT MernalOwero BJIIDIHHH THroBOro TOKa.
I
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140 615 16
Cl
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4
Pl1c. 5.19" 3neKTpHtfeCKWI cxeMa JaIIJ;I1THOro 6noKa 3E-,[{CIll
117
j)- L..w ooecne'll1Baer 3allJ)11)' nyreBbIX pelle CJIeLJYIOlL{11M OOpaJOM:
nOCJIellOBaTeJIbHbLH LC-KOHTYP HacrpoeH B pe30HaHC Ha ":laCTOIy T51roBO-
ro TOKa 50 fu; rrpl1 nOCTYfIJIeHHH Ha BXO,l{ Hanpfl)l(emrn C l.JaCTOTOH 50 fu
LC-KOmyp rnYHTHpYeT Harp}'3KY - 06MOTKy nyreBOro peJIe; B pe3YJIbTaTe
HanpfL)J(eHHe l.JacrorbI 50 fl.( Ha 06MOTKe nyreBOro peJIe 3HalfMTeJIbHO CHH-
}l{aeTCH - )],0 YPOBIDI, He OKa3bIBaIOlL{ero RJIlliIHIDI Ha pa601y pelle..
PeaKmopbl muna POEC (peaKTOp 0!(Ho<}Ja3HbIH, 6pOHeBOH, CYXOH)
npeJUia3Hal.JeHbI J]JUl orpaHHl.JeHIDI nepeMeHHoro TOKa npH lllYHTHpOBa-
HID1 pelIbCOBOH uenH Ha IIJ1TIllOllleM KOHUe. PeaKTOp 06eCneI.JHBaeT lllYH-
TOBOM 3<}xPeKT peJIbCOBOH uenH H 3alL{l1I.U.aeT HCTOI.JHHK nHTaHHH OT KO-
pOTKOro 3aMb1KaHIUl. KOHCTpYKTHBHOe I1CnOJIHeHl1e H 3J1eK1pl1l.JeCKHe
CXeMbJ peaKTOpOB nOKa3aHbI Ha pHC. 5.20 (QMCJIO BI1TKOB 06MOToK 3aBH-
CI1T OT Tl1na peaKTopa), 3J1eKTpM'-leCKMe napaMeTpbI - B 1'8.611. 5.3. IIpH
HOBOM npOeKTl1pOBaHHJ1 H C'IpOHTeJIbCTBe HanOJIbHblX YCTj)OHCTB CIJ;E
06513aTeJIbHO npHMeHeHHe repMeTl13J1pOBaHHblX peaKTOpOB POEC-If,
POEC-3f, POEC-4f [34].
Ta6JlUlla 5.3
3J1eKTpH CCKHe napaMCTpLI peakiopoB THna P06C
HOMH- HOMHHanbHbIH
ConpOTHBJ1eHHe peaK.. (JtonYCTHMbIH)
HaJIbHOe
THnbI peaKTopOB Topa, OM, npH qaCTOTe TOK, A, npH
Hanpjl-
qaCTOTe
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25 rl.( 50 rl.( 75 rl{ 25 fl.( 50 fl.(
POEC-l, POEC-1A, POEC-If 0,74 10 13,5
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POEC-4 1,0 2,0 6 10,0 10,0
POEC-3A / POEC-..Jr 45 135/90 3,0/2,0
POEC-4A I POEC-4f 1,0 2,0 6 3,0/6,0 3,0
llyme8ble mpaHcrjJopMamopHbie RUI,UKU nmOB TR -1, TR -2, n5l-1 npe!(-
Ha3Hal.JeHbl JJlI5I YCTaHOBIGf B HHX annapa1)'pbI pelIbCOBhIX ueneM (TpaHC-
<}JopMaTopOB'I peJIe, pe3HCTOpOB), pa3,l1eJIKM CHrHaJIbHOro Ka6eJIH 11 no.lI-
KJIlOl.JeHHSI npH60poB peJlbCOBhlX ueneM K peJIbCaM..
KOHCTpYKTHBHO SII1.1I1K COCTOHT H3 Kopnyca Ii KPbIlllKH, H3fOTOBJI5Ie-
"" ....
MbIX 113 ryHa I1.JllI JIHCTOBOH CTaJIH H 38I1J1paeMbIX Ha CneUl1aJIbHblH 3a-
MOK. B HJ1)1(HeM ":laCTH Kopnyca (.lIHO) HMelOTCH OTBepCTJ1H JJlIH BBO!(a
CHfHaJIbHOro Ka6eJI5I, B 6oKOBb1X CTeHKaX - OTBepCTIlJI )J)UI YCTaHOBKH
nepeMblQeK, KOTOpbIMH npH60pbI peJIhCOBblX ueneM nO)],KJIIO":laIOTCSI K
peJIbCaM, B nepe,nHeH CTeHKe (CO CTOpOHbI 3aMKa) - OTBepcTl1e DJI BBO-
118
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POBC-3A,
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()
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POBC-3A,
POBC-4A
. H
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1
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PHc. 5.20. PeaKTOp POEC:
a - KOHC1pyICfHBHoe HCnOJIHeIDIe; 6 - 3JIeKTpIi\.JecKWI cxeMa
)];a MOHTIDKHblX npoBOLIoB. BHYfl)11 Kopnyca paCnOJIO)l(eHbI J]:ByxKOH1aKT-
Hble KJIeMMbI 11 n.epeB5IHHbIe nOJIKH (Ta6JI. 5..4) J]JlR YCTaHOBKH npl16o-
pOB, a TaIOKe KJIeMMHbIe naHeJIH,lJ)UI COeL(HHeHHH 11 pa3,n:eJIIGf Ka6eJIew.
T a6Jluija 5.4
XapaKTepHCTHKH "YTeBblx -rpaHcrj»opMaTopHbIX HII{HKOB
THII Hll.(HKa TjI- ] n.sr -1 TjI-2
HOMep HCnOJIHeHHJI (C60pKH) 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6
KOJIHIJeCTBO J{BYXKOHTaKTHbIX 9 15 9 4 4 15 5 6 9
KJIeMM
KOnH eCTBO nOJIOK 2 1 2 2 2 1 J ] 1
KOJIHIJeCTBO
OTBepCTHH WIH 4
B BOJ{a Ka6enH
llyreBbIe TpaHccPopMaTOpHble lU;MKH YCTaHaBJII1BaIOTC Ha :>KeJIe30-
6eroHHbIX IDII1 MeTaJJJIHlleCKHX OCHOBaHIDIX Ha 06011I1He 3eMTffiHoro no-
nOTHa IUII1 B Me)fQlyIl)'ThSIX.
lLrnI 3aIl.(HTbl annapa1)'pbI peJIbCOBbIX uenei1 OT nepeHanp.H:>KeHI1M,
""
Bbl3Ba.HHbIX KOMMYfaUl10HHbIMI1 npOlleCCaMI1 B TSlroBOM CeTl1 11 aTMOC-
cPepHbIMI1 BJIeHIDIMI1 (rp030BbIMI1 pa3PMaMI1), I1CnOJIh3yJOTC.H P03pJlO-
HUKU, 6blpa6HU6ameJlU, a6mOMamU1feCKUe 6blK.lllOliameJlU [25, 38].
]19
I1pHHl.{IDI D,eMCTBIDI pa3pMHHKa COCTOIIT B CJIe1JYlOIl(eM: npl1 npeBbl-
rneHl111 3HaIJeHI1eM Hanpfl)KeHHH B 3allt:H aeMOH Qerrl1 orrpeD,eJIeHHoro
ypOBIDI - Harrpfl)KeHHH rrpo60R - COrrpOTHBJIeHl1e pa3PMHI1Ka pe3KO
YMeHblUaeTCSI (rrpOI1CXOAHT rrpo6oH pa3pSl,[(HI1Ka); B pe3ynbTare 3allll1-
ll.taeMasI arrrrapa1)'pa rnyHTHPYeTCSI, TaK KaK npaKTWIeCKI1 BeCb TOK rrpo-
reKaeT IJepe3 pa3pJl.l(HI1K. B peJIhCOBbIX l{ellilX I1CrrOJIh3yrorcSi pa3pSI,[(Hl1-
KI1 THIIa PBHIll-250 (Pa3pMHHK BeHTHTIbHhIH, HI13KOBOJIbTHbIH, nrrerr-
CeJ1bHbIM, ,lI)UI 331l{IITbI armapaTYPbI C pa60'llfM HanpIDKeHl1eM D,O 250 B),
a TalOKe rrpl160pbJ HOBora rrOKOJIeHHH - PKBH-250 (pa3PMHI1K Kepa-
MVNecKKii, BeHTHTIbHbIH, C HO)l(eBbIMH BbmO,nJ1MH, C pa60IfifM HanpIDKe-
Hl1eM D,O 250 B), PKH-600 11 PKH-900 (pa3PSUIHI1K KepaMH'JeCKHH, c
HO)l(eBblMI1 BbIBon:aMI1, C pa60'II1M Hanpfl)f(eHHeM D,O 600 11 900 B).
rrp"H Hn D,eMCTBIDI BblpaBHI1BaTellil COCTOIIT B orpaHWIeHHH 3Ha'Ie-
..... .........
HHH Harrpfl)KeHIDI B 3aII.UfilJ;aeMOH Qenw 3a C'IeT BbICOKOI1 HeJ1HHeHHOCTI1
v
BOJIbT-aMnepHOI1 xapaKTepl1CTHKH Bapl1CTOpa, Ha OCHOBe K01Oporo C04DaH
BbIpaBHHBaTeJIb. B peJIbCOBbIX QellilX I1CnOJlb3yK)TCSI BbIpaBHHBaTeJII1 TI1-
nOB BK-IO, BK-20 (BbIpaBHI1BaTeJIb KepaMI1IJeCKJ1H) 11 BOl(Ill-220,
BOl(Ill-380 (BblpaaHHBaTeJIbOKCHllHO-IUffiKoBbrn, nrrerrCeJIbHblli), a TaJ(-
)l(e npl160pbl HOBOro nOKOJIeHHH rnnOB BOl(H-24, BOl.{H-36, BOl.{H-
220 11 BOl.{H-380 (BbIpaBHI1BaTeJ1b OKCHJ(HO-l{I1HKOBbIH, C HOXeBbIMI1
BhIBOllaMl1). QI1CJIO B 0603HaIJeHHH nma BhlpaaI-IHBarellil 03HaQaer HOMH-
HaJIbHoe pa60IJee HanpIDKeHl1e (B BOJlhTaX) 3amHllI.aeMoM arrnapa1)'pbI.
Pa3pSl,[(HI1KJ111 BbIpaBHI1BaTeJII1 .HBJUIIOTCR HeBOCCTaHaBJII1BaeMbIMI1
npl160paMH, T.e. B CJIyIIae nOBpe eHIDI ,l\OJDKHhI 6bITb 3aMeHeHbI Ha I1C-
npaBHbIe.. OCHOBHbIMI1 npwrnHaMJI BbIXOA(l 113 CTjX>R PaJPMHHKOB 11 BbI-
paBHHBaTeJIeM RBJImOTC.SI [25]: B03J{eHCfBl1e caepXTOKOB, BbI3BaHHbIX np.H-
MbIM y apoM MOJlHHH B peJlbCOB}'IO.JIHHI1IO Ha paCCTO.HHIDI MeHee 200 M OT
H30JJHp}'IOI1U1X CTbIKOB, a TaIOKe B KOHCTp}'KlJ.IDO, 3a3e:M1leHH}'IO Ha pe.rrh-
COB}'IO JII1HI1IO (CIDIOByJO orropy, MaIJ1)' CBeTO$Opa 11 D,p.); B03,neHCTBl1e
THrOBOro TOKa; MHTeJIbHbIH rrepeKOC $a3 B TpexcPa3HbIX l{ellilX 11 AP.
TIpl1Hl{l1n D,eMCTBI1JI aBTOMaTHQeCKI1X BbIKJIIOIJaTeJIeM MHoroKpaTHO-
co lleMcTBHSI ABM-l 11 ABM-2 COCTOI1T B OTKJIIO'IeHHH 3aIl.{HI1I.aeMoH
uenH OT I1CTO'IHHKa rrepeHanpIDKeHHH. B COCTaB ABM BXOD,HT TepMO-
3JIeMeHT (6I1MeTaJIJIWleCK(UI rmaCTI1Ha), KOTOpbIH HarpeBaeTCSI npoxo-
,WIllJ.HM Qepe3 Hero TOKOM. TIpl1 npeBbIlUeHl111 CIDIOM TOKa YCTaHOBJIeH-
Hora HOMI1H3JIbHOro 3Ha'IeHIDI KOHTaKThI TepM03JIeMeHTa p33MbIK3.lOT-
CH 11 paJpbIBaIOT 3JIeKTPW-IecK}'IO Qenb. TIOCJIe OCTbIBaHIDI repM03J1eMeHTa
era KOHTaKTbI aBTOMaTWIeCKI1 3aMbIKaIOTCSI, l1l{enb CHOBa BKJIIO'IaeTC.H.
120
B pe.lIbCOBbIX eIDIX npl1MeIDIIOTCH ABM, paCCqHTaHHble Ha CIDIY HOMI1-
H8JIbHOro TOKa 5; 101115 A..
JVrn JaI.I.UiTbI annapa1)'PbI peJIbCOBbIX u:ene:u OT TOKOB, cl1JIa KOTOpbIX
npeBbl1llaeT YCTaHOBJIeHHble 3HaqeHIDl, TaIOKe I1CnOJIb3YK>TC.H npeiJoxpa-
HUmeJlU.
OCHOBHbIMI13Ae.MeHmaMU pe/lbC06blX u,eneu mOHaJlbflOU "tGCmOmbl HBillI-
IOTC.H rryreBbIe reHepaTOpbI, nyreBbIe c}:>HJ1bTpbI 11 rryreBble npl1eMHHIGi.
ITyreBO:U reHepaTop BbIpa6aTbIBaeT aMIIJIHTY Ho-Mo-nynHpoBaHHble
CHfH8JIbI (AM-CHfHaJIbI), KOTopble nO aIOTC.H B peRbcoBYIO nl1Hl1lO..
AM-CHrHaJIbI (PHC. 5.21) npe cTaBJUllOTco60H I1MrrynbCbITOKa Ha Hecy-
mei1 llacrore!H' HenpepblBHO CJIeJIYlOI.I.Uie C qaCTOTO:U MO.ny Hl1fM" ITy-
reBO:U <j)JUIbTp 06eCnelll1BaeT 3aIUI1TY reHepaTopa OT BJlI1HHIDI TIlroBOro
ILl ILl
TOKa, KO OBOro TOKa aBTOMaTWleCKOH nOKOMOTI1BHOH Cl1fHaJIl13aQI1I1,
Cl1rH8JIbHOro TOKa CMe}((HbIX pe.lIbCOBbIX eneH C lIPyrHMH 3HaqeHHHMI1
qaCTOTfHlf M , a TIlIOKe cornaCOBaHl1e BbICOKOro COnpOTIlBJleHI1.H annapa-
TYPbI peJIbCOBOM uenH (reHepaTopa) 11 HI13KOfO cOnpOTHBJIeHIDI peJIb-
COBOH RHHI1H. nyreBoH rrpl1eMHHK npl1HI1MaeT 113 peJ1bCOBOH nl1Hl111
AM-CHrHaJIbI 11 <PoPMHpyeT CHrH8JIbI ynpaBJIeHIffi nOJU<JllOqeHHbIM K ero
BbIXO.ny rryreBbIM peJIe. ITpH CB06o HO:U peJIbCOBOM ueIlllI1 ypOBHe Cl1f-
H8JIa Ha ero Bxo,ne, npeBbllllalOIUeM YCTaHOBJIeHHOe noporoBoe 3Halle-
HHe, nyreBO:U npHeMHHK nOl(aeT Ha 06MOTKy rryreBOro pe.lIe nOCTOflHHoe
HarrpIDKeHl1e, OCTaTollHoe J])UI npHTIDKeHHH H y ep)l(aHH5I SIKOp.H. ITpH
.... ILl
3aIDITOI1 pe.lIbCOBOH enH I1JIH )'MeHbllleHHI1 ypOBH.H Bxo Horo Cl1fH8JIa
HIDKe noporoBOro 3HalleHIDI HanpIDKeHHe Ha BbIXo,ne npl1eMHHKa OTCyr-
CTByer 11 rryreBoe peJIe oTIJyCKaeT HKOpb..
B HacToHIUee BpeMH npI1MeH.HIOTCSI TOHaJIbHbIe penbcoBbIe uenl1
(TPQ) nayx THnOB - TPQ3 H TPQ4.
B pe.lIbCOBbIX eIDIX TPQ3 HCnOJIb3yK>TCH Hecyurne qaCTOTbI 420; 480;
580; 720; 780 fu 11 qaCTOTbI MO.nyJI5IQI1I1 8 11 12 fu. ITpHMeIDIlOTcSI rryre-
U c
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Puc.. 5.21.. AMruIwry,nHO-MOLIYJII1POBaHHbIH Cl1rHaJI peJIbCOBbIX ueneH TOHaJIbHOH
1.JaCTOTbI
121
BbIe reHepaTOphI JJ:BYX 11II10B: m3-8, 9, II - wm <lx>PMHpOBaHIDI AM-CHr-
HaJIOB Ha HecyiI(MX qaCTOTaX 420; 480; 580 fu; m3-11, 14, 15 -lI,JIH <lx>p-
Ml1pOBaHI1H AM-cl1rHaJIOB Ha HeCYIUI1X ":IaCTOTax 580; 720; 780 fQ.
nyreBbIe <j)l11Ib1pbl TaIOKe npUMeIDIIOTCH JJ:BYX TIfIIOB: <l>TIM-8, 9, II -
AIDI HaCTpoHKH Ha ":IaCTOTbI 420; 480; 580 f[(; <l>llM-lt, 14, 15 -lIJUI
HacTpoHKH Ha qaCTOTbI 580; 720; 780 fu. B 3aBI1CI1MOCTI1 OT qaCTOT
npHHHMaeMbIXAM-cHIHaJIoB (3HaqeHlliI ) rrpHMeIDIKJfCH IIyreBbIe npl1-
eMHHKH 11II1a TIn (nn3) B 10 BapHaHTaX RCnOJllieHlliI: TIll-8/8 (420/8 fQ),
TIll-9/8 (480/8 fQ), llTI-Ilj8 (580j8 fQ), llll-14/8 (720j8 rl(), llTI-15j8
(780/8 fu), nll-8/12 (420/12 f[(), llll-9/12 (480/12 f[(), nll-l1/12
(580j12 f[(), rrll-14j12 (720/12 fQ), llTI-15j12 (780j12 f[().
B peJIhCOBblX [(elliIX TPl.{4 RCnOJIb3}'1OTCH Hec)'I.Ul1e ":IaCTOTbI 4545;
5000; 5555 r[( 11 qaCTOTbI MO.nyJI5IIIHH 8 11 12 f[(. ITplWeIDIlOTcH nyTeBbIe
reHepaTopbI THIIa fll4, nyTeBbIe <j)R1Ib1phI TIlna Cl>Pl.{4JI, nyTeBble npl1-
eMHI1KM Tl1na llll4 111111 llPl.{4JI. B 3aBI1CUMOCrn OT ":IaCTOT npUHI1Mae-
MbIX AM -CHrH3JI0B (3HaqeHlliIf./fM) IlpI1MeIDIIOTCH nyreBbIe npl1eMHHKH
TIlna TITI4 (llPl.{4JI) B 6 BapRaHTaX I1CnOJIHeHlliI: TIIT4-4/8 (4545j8 r[(),
nn4-5/8 (5000/8 fu), ITll4-6j8 (5555j8 fu), llll4-4/12 (4545/12 fu),
llll4-5j12 (5OO0j12 f ), lln4-6j12 (5555/12 f[()..
Annap a 1YPa TPl.{ ycraHaRTIHBaeTCH Ha nOJIKaX (paMax) pe.rreiffibrx cra-
TI1BOB 11 peJIeHHbIX lllKa<j)OB B rnrenCeJIbHbIe p03eTKI1 peJIe Tl1nOB HIll
(fll3, fTI4, <l>llM, llIT3, llll4), L{CIll (llTI, npl.{4JI) 11 HMIll
(<I> Pl.{4JI).. KOHCTp}'KTHBHoe I1CnOJllieHHe npM60poB nOKa3aHO Ha pRC. 5.22,
3JIeKTpWleclGfe cxeMbI nyreBbIX <j)l11IbTpOB - Ha pl1C. 5.23. HaCTpOHKa
reHepaTopoB 11 <j)l11IbTpOB Ha He06xoAHMbIe HecyJ..UYlO ":IaCTOTY 11 qaCTOTY
MOA)'JI5I1U111 OC)'I.UeCTBllileTCH nyreM ycraHOBIGf BHelllHHX nepeMbNeK Ha
lllTenCeJIbHbIX KOJIOLIKax npl160poB. llepeMhPIKH)])I5I HaCTpoHKIi npl1-
6opoB TPl.{ )'Ka3aHbI B rn6JI. 5.5, BbIXOl{HbIe KJIeMMbI npl160poB (J])UI ny-
TeBbIX <j)RJIhTpOB - 11 BXO)];HbIe) - B rn6JI. 5.6.
3neKTponlffaHHe arrnapaTYPbI TPl.{ OCym,ecTB.IDleTCSI OT HCTO'lffiI1KOB
0l{Ho<j)a3Horo nepeMeHHoro HarrpIDKeHHH qaCTOTbI 50 fu. (HanpI1Mep,
TpaHc.popMaTOpoB nma llOEC-5Mll): nyreBbIX reHepaTOpoB - HarrpH-
:>KeHlfeM 35B o%; nyreBbIX IIplfeMIDlKOB - HaIIpIDKeIDIeM 17,5B o%.
ECJII1 LtJII1HbI BYX CMe:>KHbIX peJIbCOBhIX [(eneH TPl.{3, nwraeMblX OT
06 ero reHepaTopa, I11II1lJ)IHHbI OTBeTBJIeHI1H pa3BeTBJIeHHOH peJIbCO-
BOH [(enu OTnWlalOTCH 60JIee qeM Ha 20 %, Ha npl1eMHOM KOH[(e 60JIee
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122
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1.J8CTOThI
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npL{4ll-5/8 31-13 npl.{4ll-5/12 31--13
llPl.{4ll-6/8 31-83 np 4ll-6/12 31-83
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06xO,lJ;HMble HecymyK> qaCTOIy W Ko*pHI.U1eHT TpaHC<l>oPMaI(HH ocyn.J:e-
CTB1IfIeTC nyreM YCTaHOBKH nepeMbNeK Me BbIBOD.aMW nepBWQHOH
06MOTKH (06MOTKa I), KaK nOKaJaHO B rn6JI. 5.7. BXO,AHbIMW KJIeMMaMW
TpaHc<l>oPMaTOpa Yf3 HBmIIOTC.H BblBOLIbI 1-2.
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a - KOHCTPYI<THBHoe I1CnOJIHeHlfe; 6 - 3JIeKlpH"IeCKaH cxeMa 06MoTOK
T a6Jlul1a 5. 7
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HecYlIJ,a 'laCTOTa, r Q 420 480 580 720 780
Y CTaHaBJIHBaeMble nepCMbf1IKH 3-10 4 10 5-10 6-10 7-10
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PeAbCOBble u,enu nocmORHH020 mOKa npJ1MeIffiIOTC.H Ha yqacTKax C aB-
TOHOMHOM rnrou. B COCTaB annapa1)'pbI peJlbCOBOU u,enu C Henpepbl6HbLM
nUmallUeM (pl1c. 5.25, a) BXO,MT:
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ljeHHble no 6y<PePHOH cxeMe 11 YCTaHOBJ1eHHbIe B 6ampeiffioM llUQUPY (BIll);
126
· rryreBOH npHeMHI1K (rryreBoe peJIe) n - HeiirpaJIbHOe peJIe Tl1na
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· OrpaHJ1I.JI1Ba1Ol.lJ.HH pe311CTOp (OrpaHI1':1JITeJIb) Ro, rrpeJI;Ha3Ha1.leH-
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HOro RTII1 peJIeMHoro [16]) 11 rrOCTOHHHO HaxO,WIll.(eec.H BO BKJIlOqeHHOM
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T5IfH. Ha rreperoHax C aBT06JIOKHPOBKOH npHMeIDIIOTCH KOLIOBble peJIb-
COBble uerrH l.JaCTOThI 50 RTIH 25 fl.( II TPU, Ha CTaHUIDIX C 3J1eKTpH':IeC-
KOH ueHTPaJII13allHeM - peJIhCOBbIe uenl1 C I1MnyJIbCHbIM (c I1MnyJIbC-
HbIMI1 rryreBbIMI1 peJIe) IDII1 HerrpepbIBHbIM (c «pa301.lYBCTBHTeJIbHbIMI1
nyreBblMH pelle) I1KI3.I-IHeM qaCTOIbI 50 K1IH 25 fu., a 1alOKe TOHaJIbHbIe peJIb-
COBble uenH TPU3. CornacHo [30] rrpl1 HOBOM CTpOHTe1lbCTBe HJll1 Mo,nep-
HI13aIlJ111 YC1]X>MCfB CUE D.OJDKHbI npoeKI11poBaTbC5I: Ha rreperoHax - TPU
(.LI:onyCKaeTCSI npoeKTHpOBaHl1e KO,[(OBbIX peJIbCOBbIX «erreM - B 3TOM CJIy-
127
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npoeKTHpoBaTbCR peJIbCOBbIe l.{eIIH HaJIO)l(eHIDI TOHaJIbHOH qaCTOTbI); Ha
C1aHl.{IDIX - TPII. (rrpM paCIllMpeHMM rryreoofo pa3BHTIDI CTaHl{MH,nO-
a
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a - C HenpepbIBHbIM nHTaHHeM; 6 - C HMnynbCHbIM nHTaHHeM
128
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PRC.. 5..26. CxeMa PIl. c HMnynbCHbIM nHTaHHeM" KOllHpyeMasI
nYCKaeTCR coxpaHeHHe <!Ja30qYBcTBHTeJIbHbIX peJIbCOBbIX QeneH).. qac-
TOTa Ko,nOBoro TOKa MCH CTaHQHOHHbIX peJIbCOBbIX QeneM orrpe,neJU)-
eTCR qaCTOTOH TOKa MCH nplUleralOIIU1X K CTaHQHH neperoHoB.
Ko.n;OBble peJIhCoBLle nCIIH ..aCTOThI 50 fn. Ha yqacTKaX C OLIHOCTOPOH-
HeM amo6.nOlGipoBKOM npHMeHmoTCR pelIbCOBbIe l{errn, K0JI»PyeMbIe TOJIb-
KO C mrralOrn:ero Ko a (PHC. 5..27). TaKaH peJIbCOBaH l{enb no.nyqaeT 011-
TaHHe OT HCTOqIrnKa nepeMeHHoro HanpIDKeHIDI 220 B, 50 rQ (fIX-OX)
Qepe3 KOHTIlKT TpaHCMHTrepHOro peJIe T TUna TIII -65 B, pa60Ta1Orn:ero B
pe)J(UMe OAHoro H3 KO,nOB. 3neMeHTaMH corJIaCOBaHIDI HBJlSlIOTCR nyre-
Bon TpaHc<}JopMaTOp nT THna CO EC- 3A * H H30JIHPYIDrn:HH T}JaHc<}Jop-
MaTOp liT TIlDa cr -4. B KaQecme nyreBOro npHeMHHKa HCnOJIb3YeTCR HM-
*3.aeCb H ,WUIee }'K33bIBaJOTCH THO H MO.lIJ'«t>HKal.lIDI (Bapl1aHT HCnOJIHeHIDI) arrnapa-
1)'pbI peJIbCOBbIX ueneH B J.fii C HOpMaJlbIO.. B npouecce 3KCIUIyaTa.I.J.WH npl16o-
pbI MOryr 6bITb 3aMeHeHbI Ha npH60pbI 60rree HOBOIU rnna (HCnOJIHeHIDl), aHaJIOIWIHble
no CBOI1M xapaKrepHCI11KaM. HanpHMep, BMOCTOlpaHCcf>opMaropa COBC-2A MO)KeT6bITb
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nyJIbCHoe pene 11 rnrra I1MBlil-110 HJIH I1Bf.,L:Lrm 3all\HThI annapa1)'pbIOT
......
nepeHarrpIDKellllH npll rpo30BbIX paJpIU(ax I1cnoJIb3)'1OTC.H BblpaBIDmaTe.Jll1
FV rnna BK-IO (BO:QH-24). PeaKTOp Zn Tlffia POEC-4A 11 pe311CTOp Ro
BbillO.1IIDIlOT <t>yma.nrn: Olp eM CHlIbI CHI1-IaJIbHOro roKa. AonOJIHH-
Te.TIbHbIH pe311CTOp Rn If CTIl6IDII11pOHhI VD OT nepeHarrpIDKe-
HI1M BbInp.HMIITeJIbHbIe 3JIeMeHTbI rryreBOro peJIe. Ha nlITalOll.{eM KOHl.{e
pe1IbCOBOMl{errn BKJllOQeH I1cKpOrac5Ill{I1:H KOmyp -C"- TH.
Ha yqaCTKaX C ABYCTOpoHHeM aBT06JIOKl1poBKOM npHMeWlJOTCR pe.1Ib-
u
COBble l{enl1, KOAMPyeMbIe I<aK C nHTalOll.{ero, TaK" C peJIeHHoro KOHua
(Pl1c.. 5.28).. B cxeMy KOD:lfpOBaHIDI C peJIeMHoro KOHl.{a BXO,lUlT KOAMPY-
1OJ.IUfi1 1]JaHc<t>oPMarop KT Tlffia CO EC- 2A, KOHTaKT ,lJ.onOJIHHTe.1IbHoro
TpaHCMlITfepHoro peJIe AT TUna TIll-65B C I1CKpOraCRll.{I1M KOH1)1JOM
R K -C K -ATI1, OrpaHII1.:II1TeJII1 KO,lJ.OBOrO TOKa - peaKTOp ZK Tl1na
POEC-4A II pe311CTOp RoK' KOHTaKThI pe.1Ie MT, npeLlHa3Ha1.:leHHoro JI)UI
nO,lJ.a1.:l11 nlITaH:IDI Ha 06MOTKY peJIe AT.
130
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n = 15,7
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CxeMa KO,nOBOH peJIbCOBOM L{enM 4aCTOTbI 50 fu, npHMeHReMoH Ha
060PYLloBaHHbIx ABYCTOpoHHeH aBT06JIOKHpOBKOM neperoHax C 3JIeKT-
pOTRfOH nOCTO.HHHOro TOKa, nOKa3aHa Ha pHC. 5,,29. KO,nHpOBaHl1e Ta-
'-' .... ....
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HOfO KOHL{a. npH Ko,nHpOBaHHI1 C nHTalOmefO KOHL{a peJIbCOBlliI L{enb
n0JI)'4aeT rnITaHHe OT HCTO':lI-rnKa nepeMeHHoro HanpIDKeHllil 220 B, 50 ru
(nx-ox) Qepe3 KOHTaKT TpaHCMI1TIepHOfO peJIe T, a npH KO,lIJlpOBa-
....
HHH C peJIel1Horo KOHQa - 4epe3 KOHTaKT ,nonOJIHIITeJIbHOro TPaHCMHT-
TepHoro peJIe AT. TpaHCMMTIepHbIe peJIe Tl1na TllI-65B I1MelOT cxeMbI
HCKporarneHIDI.. 3JIeMemaMH COfJIaCOBaHIDI .HB.TrnIOfC.H nyreBoH TpaHC-
cI>oPMaTop nT H KO,nOBbIH lpaHccl>oPMaTOp KT TmIa no EC-3A. B Kaqe-
CTBe nyreBoro npHeMHHKa HCnOJIb3yeTC.H HMnynbCHoe peJIe 11 THna
I1MBllI-1 10 I1JII1I1Bf. 3aIlU1Ta nyreBoro peJIe OT BJIHRHIDI rapMoHHK
T.HfOBOfO TOKa HOT npo60R BbInp.HMHTellil (orpaHWleHHe HarrpIDKeHIDI)
B cJIyqae KOpOTKOro 3aMbIKaHIDI 1130JIMPYIOllU1X CTbIKOB o6eCne':lHBaeT-
CR 3all(HTHbIM 6JIOKOM-<t>l1JIbT}JOM 3E<D rnna 3E<D-l (3E<D-2). AmI 3a-
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3YlOTCR pa3pR,nHHKI1 FY THna PBHllI-250. PeaKTopbI Zo Ii ZK THna
POEC-3A BbInOJIIDIIOT <t>YHKQMH orpaHH':lHTeJIeM Cl1J1bI TOKa npH llIYH-
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131
ITT-O 6. n = 15
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PlfC. 5.29.. CxcMa KOAOBOH PI.{ qaCTOTbI 50 fl( np" 3JIeK1pOTSlre nOCTOHHHom TOKa
AmI nporrycKa 06parnoro THfOBOro roKa B o6xo,n H30JIHp}'lOll.{UX CTbI-
KOB ycraHaBJIHBaIOTCH J]JJOCCeJIb-TPaHc<}>opMaropbI: npH OJ(HOCTOpoHHeH
aBT06JIOKHpoBKe Ha IIIffalOmeM Ko e TID1a,lJT -0,6-500, Ha pe.1IefrnoM -
,lJT -0,2-500; npH JU3ycropoHHeH aBT06JIOlGipoBKe Ha o6oHX KO ax peJIb-
COBOH QenH - TIlna AT -0,6- 500.
nO)].KJII01.IeHHe OTCaCbIBaIOIl.{ero <l> epa T.HroBOH no,ncraHQHH (TIT)
KTIH Tpoca )])UI 3a3eMJIeHIDI paJJIWlHblX KOHCTPYKU:HH npoH3BO)].HTCR K
Cpe,nHHM TOqKaM ,npocCeJ1b-1paHc<}>opMaTopoB nMTalOllIero IDIH peJIeH-
HOro KOHua peJIbCOBOH QeIrn. Ec.rIH OTCaCbIBaIOIl.{HH <l>HLJ;ep IDIH TpOC 3(1-
3eMJUleMOH KOHCTPYKU:I1H pacnOJIO)l(eH Ha paCCTO.HHHH 60JIee 250 M OT
nHTaIOmero IDIM pe.rrefrnoro Ko a, ro )])UI HX no,ncoeJJ;HHeHillI ,norryCKa-
eTCR YCTaHOBKa B peJIbCOBOH uenH ,no6aBOQHOrO (1peTbero) ,npocceJIb-
TpaHc<}>opMaropa TID1a,[{T -0,6-1000 (nOKa3aH IIyHKTHpoM). AmI )'M:eHb-
rneHH.H BJIIDIHHR )].06aB01:lHOrO n;pOCCeJ1b-TPaHc<l>opMaTopa Ha pa60T)'
pe.rrbCOBOH Qerrn B HOpMaJIbHOM pe)J(UMe, ero OCHOBHIDI 06MOTKa L{QJDK-
Ha HMeTb KaK MO)l(}{O 60JIbIIIee COnpOTHBJIeHHe CHrHaJIbHOMy TOKY. C
3TOH QeJIblO JijJOCCeJIb-TpaHc<}>opMarop HacrpaJ1BaeTCR B pe30HaHC Ha 1:Ia-
CTOT)' CHrHaJIbHOrO roKa nyreM nO,lI.KJII01:IeHIDI K ,nonOJIHHTeJIbHOH 06-
MOTKe Ko eHcaTOpOB C 01 ' C O2 eMKOCThIO 24 MK<1>.
132
KO,lJ;OBble peJlLCOBLle nellH 'laCTOTbI 25 1"0;. l'aKHe pe.1lbCoBble Qerrn IIpH-
MeIDIIOTCfI Ha yqacTKaX C 3JIeKTPOT.HfOH nepeMeHHofo TOKa (pHC. 5.30).
I1cTO':lHHKOM Ko,nOBoro TOKa peJ1bCOBOH QenH, Ko,nHpyeMoH C nHTalO-
wero KOHI.J:a (PHC. 5.30, a), .HB.1UIeTC,H npe06PaJOBaTeJIb qaCTOTbI rrq rnrra
fI1I50j25-100, n03BOJUlIOWHi'l no.rryqaTh 3HaqeHillI BbIXO)];HOro HanpIDKe-
HIDI B IIpe,neJIax 5...175 B C IllaroM 5 B.I1MnyJIbCbI KO,nOBOro TOKa <l>op-
MHpyIDTCfI KOHTaKTOM 'IpaHCMHTTepHOro peJIe T, BKJIIO':leHHoro no cxe-
Me HCKpOramelllffi. 3JIeMeHTaMH cornaCOBamm HBJImOTC.H H30.rrnpYK>lWfe
T}JaHc<t>oPMaTOpbI I1Tl, 1112 nma nPT-A. B Ka':leCTBe nyreBOro rrpHeM-
HHKa Hcnonb3yeTC.H HMnynbCHoe peJIe 11 rnna I1MBIIl-110 IDIH I1Bf,
3aIIJ.HweHHoe OT BJIIDIHIDI T.HroBoro TOKa <l>IDIb1pOM <Dn rnna <1>n-25.
,lI..rr.H 3a HTbI annapaTypbI YCTaHaBJIHBalOTC.H pa3pJl,lJ.HHKH FY TMna
PBHIIl-250 (PKBH-250) H aBTOMaTHQeCKl1e BbIKJIlOqaTeJIH QFTHna
ABMI-5; pe3HCTOp Ro BblnOJIIDIeT<l>YHKIU1H orpaHJ11.IHTellil CKJIbJ CHf-
HaJIbHOro TOKa.
,lJ)rn nponycKa T.HfOBOrO TOKa B o6xo,lJ. M30JIHPyroWHX CTbIKOB YCTa-
HaBJIHBalOTCH .lij)OCCeJIb-1paHc<t>oPMaTOpbl nma 2,AT -1-150.. YCTIlHaRJIH-
BaeMbIH B peJIbCOBO:H enH ,n06aBOQHbIH ("rpeTl1H) ,nPOCCeJIb-TpaHc<l>op-
MaTOp ATe (noKa3aH nYHKTHpoM) THnaAT-O,6-500 HaCTpaHBaeTC.H B
pe30HaHC TOKOB IIpH nOMollU1 TpaHc<t>oPMaTOpa T e Tl1na nPT -A H KOH-
,lJ.eHCaTOpOB C Oc eMKOCThIO 8 MK<1>.
,[Ijrn KO)].HpoBaHIDI peJIbCOBOH QenM C peJIefrnoro KOHI.J:a (PHC. 5..30, 6)
YCTaHaBJIHBaeTCH l{OnOnHHTeJIbHbIH npeo6pa30BaTeJIb qaCTOTbI AnI.{
rnna fI1I50/25-1 00 H ,nonOJIHHTeJIbHoe TpaHCMHTIepHOe peJIe AT.
3au.urra KO,nOBbIX peJIbCOBbIX l{eneH OT BJaHMHoro B1IIDIHIDI lIpH c;xo-
,ne (KOpoTKOM 3aMbIKaHHH) H30lIHpYK>I.l{HX CfbIKOB 06ecnetrnBaeTCR cxeM-
HhIM nyreM. C)'lllHOCTb CXeMHO:H 3aIllHTbI 3aKJIlO':laeTC.H B TOM, "ITO npH-
eMHHK O,nHOH peJIbCOBOM errH (peJ1e 11) If nepeAa1'IHK CMe>KHOH C HeM
peJIbCOBOH l{enH (peJIe T) pa60TalOT aCHHxpoHHO. npMHHMaeMbIH H3
peJIbCOBOH l{enH KO,n pacIllM<l>poBbIBaeTC.H ,nellIH<l>PHPYK>lUHM YC1pOH-
CTBOM TOJIbKO "PH aCHHXpoHHOH pa60re pe.rre 11 H T.. B c.nyqae HX CHHX-
poHHOM pa6oThI, T.e. Kor.na B peJyJ1bTaTe 3aMbIKaJ-IHSI M30JIHPYK>I.l{HX CThI-
KOB peJIe 11 BOCrrpHHHMaer KO,lJ;OBble HMnynbCbI CHfHaJIbHOro TOKa, cPoP-
MHpyeMble KOHTaKTOM peJIe T CMeXHOH peJIbCOBOM QenM, Ko,nOBble
CHrHaJIbI Ha Bxo,n,neIllH<l>PUpyromero YCTpOHCTBa He nocryrralOT, B pe-
3YJ1bTaTe qero Ha BXO,nHOM CBeT<><l>ope BKJIIO':laeTC.H Iq>aCHbIH OroHb.. ,lJ.Jm
06ecne':leHIDI aCHHXpoHHOM pa60ThI peJIe 11 H T nmbI KO,lJ.OBbIX nyreBbIX
1paHCMHTrepoB KllTIIl- 515 H KllTIIl-715 B CMe:>KHbIX peJIbCOBbIX Qe-
133
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PlfC. 5.30. Ko,noBbIe peJIbCOBbIe uenH qaCTOThI 25 ru:
a - KOlUIPyeM8.SI c nlffillOll{ero KOHua; 6 - KO,LlHpyeM8.SI C mmuomero 11 peneMHoro
KOHl.{OB
134
mIX qepe)]ylOTCH, B peJyJIbTaTe qero KO,nOBbJe CHfHaJIbI B 3TI1X peJIbCOBbIX
QemIX OKa3bIBaIOTC.H C,nBI1HyrbIMH no BpeMeHl1..
CTaHlUfOIDIble clJa301fYBCTBHTeJILHbIe peJIhCOBble neon '1aCTOThI 50 fn.
TaKHe peJIbCOBble u;enl1 npI1MeIDIIOTC.H Ha yqacTKaX C 3JIeKTPOT5IroH no-
CTORHHOro TOKa.
B HepaJBeTBJIeHHOH peJIbCOBOH Qenl1 (Pl1c. 5.31) HenpepbIBHoe nl1-
TaHl1e (nX220-0X220) no,naeTC.H B peJIbCOByID JIMHI1IO Qepe3 <l>POHTO-
BOH KOHTaKT nyreBOro peJIe n TMnaACllI-12 IDII1 ,[{CllI-15.,[{Jm KOHT-
pORR COCTORHIDI peJ1bCOBOH [{enM B cxeM8X 3:Q I1cnOJIb3}'1OTC.H KOHTaK-
TbI nOBTOpIlTeJI.H nYTeBoro peJIe n 1 Tl1na HMllI 1-1800. nyreBbIe
1paHc<bopMaropbJ nT YCTaHaBJII1BaIOTC.H THna no EC- 3A HJ]I1 nT - 25A
(B KOpoTIGfX peJIbCOBbIX Qen.srx). Ha 060MX KOHQax peJIbCOBOH u;errl1 YC-
TaHaBJII1BaIOTC.H ,npoCCeJIb-TpaHc<bopMaTOpbI THna,[{T -0,2-500, oc}'Il(e-
CTBJImOIl{He COrJIaCOBaHl1e HI13KOOMHOro conpornBJIeHIDI peJ1bCOBOH JlI1-
HI1I1 II BbICOKOOMHoro conpoTHBJIeHIDI arrrrapa1)'pbI. BbIcoKHi1 K03<P<PH-
IU1eHT TpaHc<PoPMal.U111 pocCeJIb-TPaHc<PoPMaTOpoB (n = 40) n03BOJUleT
YCTaHaR11HBaTh annapa1)'py Ha 60JIbWOM YAaJIeHHM OT peJ1bCOBOH nl1ffi1l1
(Ha noc1)' 3:Q). ,[{pocCeJIb-1paHc<bopMaTopbI IlliTalOmero 11 peJIeHHOrO
KOHQOB, K KOTOpbIM no,nKJIlOllaIOTC.H OTCaCblBalOml1e JIMHIIH, J(OIDKHbI
6bITb Tl1na,[{T -0,2-1000, a ,nonOJIHlITeJIbHbrH (TpernH) ,npocCeJIb-TpaHc-
,D;T -0,2; n = 40
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PJ.1C. 5.31. (f>a30qyBCTBlITeJIbHWI peJIbCOBaR uenb qaCTOfbl 50 fu np" 3JIelcrpOTjJre
nocrOjJHHoro TOKa, HCpa3BeTBJIeHHWI
135
<}:>opMaTop - mIIa AT -0,6-1000 C HacTpOHKoH B pe30HaHC Ha qacTOTY
Cl1rHaJIbHOrO TOKa nyreM nOLU<JIlOqeHIDI K 1I.0nOJIHI1TeJIbHO:H 06MOTKe
KOl-I):{eHcaropa eMKOCTbIO 24 MKCI>. Ha nyrnx, He I1CnOJIb3yeMbIX wrn npo-
nYCKa 06parnoro T.HroBoro TOKa, npI1MeIDIIOTC.H peJIbCOBble L(enl1 6e3
LIPOCCeJIb-TpaHc<}:>opMaTopoB.
B paCCMaTpllBaeMbIX penbCOBbIX QeIDIX npeJ()'CM01peHO KOll.OBOe fil1-
TaHMe nepeMeHHbIM TOKOM qaCTOTbI 50 rQ C nlITaIOll{ero 11 peJIeHHOrO
KOHQOB. npl1 KODHpoBaHHH C mrraroll{ero KOHQa peJIbCOBIDI uenb noJIY-
qaeT IIHTaHMe "lepe3 KOHTaKT TPaHCMHTrepHOro peJIe T, I1MelOlI.{ero I1C-
KpOraC.Hll{MH KOHTYP C H -R I1 ; )J)UI KOll.MpOBaHIDI C peJIeHHoro KOHl{a
npe,ll.Ha3Ha'leHbI KOll.OBbIH TPaHc<l>opMaTop KT Tl1na nOEC-3A HlII1
nOEC-2A 11 KOHTaKT TpaHCMHTIepHoro peJIe TI. Koll.I1poBaHHe peJIb-
..... ..... u
COBO" L(enl1 Ha'lI1HaeTCSJ C MOMeHTa ee 33.IDITIDI nOABH)J(HOH e,ll.HHHI.{eH,
QTO onpell.eJUleTCR pa3MbiKaHI1eM <l>POHTOBOro KOHTa.KTa peJIe II (Ha nM-
TaIOll{eM KOHL(e) IDII13aMblKaHI1eM TbillOBOrO KOHTIlI<.Ta peJIe III (Ha pe-
JIeHHOM KOHl(e).
IIepBM1ffibIe 06MOTIGi nyreBbIX II KO,n:OBbIX TpaHc<}:>opMaTOpoB, a TaK-
)f(e MeCTHbIe 3JIeMeHThI nyreBblX peJIe II (06MOTKH 1-2) Bcex peJIbCOBblX
L(eneH CTaHIU1M noJI.KJIIO'laIOTC.H K Oll.HOH <l>33e Oll.HOro 11 TOro)l{e I1CTOQ-
HMKa nepeMeHHoro TOKa. BTOpWlHble 06MOTKH TpaHc<l>opMaTopoB lIT
CMe)J(HbIX pe.1IbCOBblX L(eneH BK.JllOQaJOTC5I nponmonOJIO:>KHO no <l>a3e, 'leM
,nocrnraeTC.H 'lepell.OBaHl1e MrHOBeHHblX nOllilpHOCTeH HanpIDKeHHH (TO-
KOB) B CMe)I(HbIX peJIbCOBblX L(eIDIX. lfepeiJoBaHue nOJlJlpHocmei1 He06xodu-
MO OM UCK/lIO"leHUR JlOJICHOZO cpa6ambl6aHUR nyme602o npUeMHU1Ca om UC-
mO"tHUKa numaHUR CMeJICHOU peIlbC060U u,enu npu 3a.MblKaHUU U3OAUPYIOUJ,UX
cmbl1Coe*. MeCIHbrn 3JIeMeHT nyreBOro peJIe 11 nyreBOH lpaHc<}:>opMaTOp
u u u
OJ].HOH M TOH )I{e peJIbCOBOH QenM 1I.0JDKHhI I1MeTb Oll.l1HaKOBble MfHOBeH-
HbIe nOllilpHocm. npM KOJIl1poBaHI1M C peJIeHHoro KOHua MrHOBeHHasI
IIOllilpHOCTb KOll.OBOro TOKa ,n:OJDKHa COBna,n.aTh C nOllilpHOCTbIO TOKa rry-
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OrpaHWlHBaIOI1.Ufe 3JIeMeHTbI nHTaIOll{ero KOHQa BbITIOJIHmOT CJ1elIY-
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Bble COOTHOllleHIDI B peJIbCOBO:H L(errn M C03)].aeT HaIDI)'t{llll1e YCJIOBIDI wrn
npareI<allIDl CHIHaJIbHOm (KOl(OBOro) TOKa; pe311CTOp Ro BbillOJIIDleT poJIb
*qepe.nOBaHHe MfHOBeHHbIX nOJUlpHOCTeH HanpIDKeHHH (TOKOB) B CMe>KHbIX
pe.rrbCOBbiX ueruIX TIUOKe J{OJDKHO 06ecneIIHBaThCII 11 B €pa30qyBCTBHTeJIbHbIX pelIb-
COBblX uenRX qaCTOTbJ 25 fu, paCCMa1pHB3.eMblX HIDKe..
136
cra6Hl1M3Hp}'lOmero 3JIeMeHTa "PM KOJIe6ammx HanpIDKeHIDI nmalOmei1
cern, a TalOKe 3aIl{MllI.aeT nyreBOi1 TpaHccPoPMaTOp OT KOpoTKOro 3aMbl-
KaHIDI B CJIy'-Iae npo6oR KOl-UI.eHcaropa Co npM HaxO}J(,neHMM nOABIDKHOH
e,nMHMUbI Ha nHTalOllJ.eM KOHQe. AHaJIOfINHble <PYHK.I.J.MM BbInOJIH.SIIOT
KOl-l.AeHcaTop C K 11 pe3HCTOp R K B l{errn KO,nHpOBaHIDI C peJ]e oro KOH-
Qa. KOH)J,eHcaropbI CI?,l II C p2 06eCne1JIIBalOT Heo6xoJUlMbIe <paJOBbIe
COOTIIOllieHIDI Ha peJIel1HOM KOHQe.. AonoJIHHTeJIhHbIH pe3MCTOp Bbl-
nOJIIDIeT pOJIh Crn6Hl1M3Hp}'lOmero 3JIeMeHTa.
Pa3BeTBJ1eHHbIe peJIbCOBbIe QenM npMMeH.SIIOTCR c OJJ.HMM, ABYMfI HlIM
1peMH LijX>CCeJIb-TpaHccPoPMaropaMH (nmoB AT -0,2 lUIM ,[{T -0,6) M ,l1BY-
M5I RTIH 1peM5I nyreBhIMH pe.1Ie.. Ha pMC. 5.32 nOKa3aHa pe.1IbCOBIDI Qenb C
ABYMfI APOCCeJIh-TpaHc<popMaropaMM M ,nBYMfI nyreBbIMI1 peJIe (1 cn 11
2CTI). llOJIHhIi1 KOHTpOJIb Bcei1 peJIbCOBOi1 Qenl1 Oc eCTB.ID1er o611u,rH
nOBTOplITeJIh nyreBbIX peJIe oTBeTWIeHI1i11- 2Cn (TIlna HMllll-1800),
BKJII01.:J:eHHbIH 1.:J:epe3 nOCJIe,nOBa:reJIbHO COeJU1HeHHble <PpoHToBble KOH-
TaKTbI Bcex nyreBbIX peJIe OTBeTRTIeHI1H.. YCTpoi1cmo M Ha3Ha1.:J:elille 3JIe-
u v
MeHTOB pa3BeTRTIeHHOM peJIbCOBOM QenM aHaJIOfWIHO Hepa3BeTBJJeHHOM.
B Ka1.:J:eCTBe COfJIaC}'IOlU.ero 3JIeMema Ha 6e3Lq)OCCeJIbHOM OTBeTBJIeHMM
YCTaHaRJIMBaeTCR M30JIHp}'lOIltl1H TpaHccPoPMaTop HT p TIlna llPT -A..
"T-O 2. n= 40
,t _ +
I
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n = 31,S R.:l
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PHC. 5.32. PaJBeTBIIeHH8.SI a30'-lYBCTBHTeJlbH8.SI PQ qaCTOTb150 fu npH 3JIeKTpOTSI-
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paBHI1BareJII1 FV TIlila BO 1(H - 220, aBTOMaTl1qeCKHe BbIKJIlOqaTeJIH Q F
mnaABMI-5 HJII1ABMI-IO, npeJ{oxpaHHTeJII1 FU Ha HOMHHaJIbH)'lO
CKJIy TOKa 2 A.
CTaJlD.HOHHhIe .33O'1yBCTBHTeJIhllhle peJIhCOBhIe o;eon '1aCTOTbI 25 rn.
TaKl1e Tl1nbl penbCOBbIX ueneH npl1 aBTOHOMHOH TSire nOKa3aHbI Ha
pl1C. 5.33; npl1 3JIel<TpOTIlre nepeMeHHoro TOKa - Ha pl1C. 5.34; rrpl1 3JIeK-
TpOTSIre nOCToSlHHOro TOKa - Ha pl1C. 5..35..
I1cToqHI1KaMI1 nMTaHIUI peJIbCOBbIX ueneH SlBlliIIOTCSI npeo6paJoBa-
TeJ1I1 QaC10ThI nrna nQ-50/25. B Kaqecme nyreBbIX rrp"eMHHKOB I1cnOJIb-
3YIOTCSI Q;>aJOqYBcTBI1TeJIbHbIe pene THna ;::(ClII -13 (,[(ClII -13A) Hnl1
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enH oc
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TOKa
B peJlbCOBbIX Qen5IX npeJIYcMolpeHo KOl(OBOe nHTaHHe C rrl1TalOIl.lerO
11 peJIei1Horo KOHQOB. BbI60p qaCTOTbI KOl(OBOrO TOKa (50 liJJH 25 fQ)
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qaCTOTbI 50 rQ. CxeMbI KOl(HpOBaHI1
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roBOro TOKa 11 ero rapMO-
HI1K, KOl(OBOro TOKa qacrOTbI 50 fu), YCTaHaBJIHBaIOTC
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YCTaHaBJIHBaIOTC
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paBHHBaTeJJH FV BOUH-380 H BOUH-220, aBTOMarnqecIGIe BbIKJIlOqa-
TeJIM QF TMna ABM2-5, npel(OXpaHHTeJIH FU Ha HOMI1HaJIbH}'IO CKTIY
TOKa 2 liJJH 20 A.
141
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poT5IroH rrOCTO.RHHoro roKa (CM.. pHC.. 5..35) COCTOI1T B J1CnOJIh30BaHHH 6no-
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pyroll(J1H). B COCTaB 6nOKOB BXOMT nlITalOll(He If KOIIOBbIe TpaHC OpMa-
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11 EPK 06eCrreQl1BalOT pa3,neJIeHHe Cl1fHaJIOB Ha qaCToTax 25 H 50 rIl, a
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CTo mee BpeM.R UlJ1pOKO rrpHMeH IOTC npJ1 HOBOM C'TpOJ1TeJ1bCTBe I1JIH
MOJ(epHJ13aL{l1J1 YC1pOHCTB CUE Ha neperoHax If CTaHilIDIX, B TOM QJ1CJIe
lIpH 3J1eKTpH HKaIlI1H H KOMJUIeKCHOH peKOHCTpYKQHJ1 yqacTKOB. Ha
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COBbIX L{eneH OT B3aHMHbIX BJIH HHH o6eCrreqJ1BaeTC qepellOBaHHeM
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142
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50 rl.'( 50 rU.
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l______ _____ __._________.1
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12 61
(62)
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11 71
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21 22 21 22
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8,9, 11
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2A 35,0 B
50ru
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50 rlt
17,5 B
50 rl.'(
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MOCTI1 OT 3HaqeHIDI conpOTHBJIeHIDI 6aJIJIaCTa H MO:>KeT OCTl1raTh 10 %
OT JJ.JIHHhI peJIbCOBOH uenH.. C ueJIblO YMeHbllleHIDI 30HbI OnOJIHMTeJIb-
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}J()'ll{HMCJI nOe3.lI.OM Y K Om npOXOJUfOrn CBeToQ>opa aBT06JIOKMpOBKU
YCTpal1BalOTC5I llBe KOpOTKl1e peJIbCOBbIe enl1 (JJ.JIHHOH o 300 M), a Me-
CTO nOJJ.KJIIOqeHIDI annapaTYPbI TPU Y)];a.JUleTCJI OT opJ(HHaTbi YCTaHOBKH
npOXOJJ.Horo cBeTocpopa Ha paCCT05IHHe 40 M no XOJIY ABl1)1{eHIDI noe3 a.
HarpY3Koti nyreBbIX npHeMHMKOB nn - nyreBbIMI1 peJIe TP - HB-
lliIIOTC.R HetiTpaJIbHble MaJIora6apl1THbIe peJIe nOCTOJlHHOrO TOKa mrra
AH1ll2-310 C nOCJ1eJJ.OBaTeJ1bHO BKJIlOqeHHbIMH o6MOTKaMH.
nl1TaHl1e annapaTypbI TPU oc eCTBlliIeTCJI OT TpaHcQ;>opMaTopoB
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rnrraHIDI oro npHeMHHKa - Ha 1 A. YCTaHOBKa OT,neJIbHbIX npeJJ.ox-
paHlITeJIeti o6eCneqHBaeT pa6OTocnoco6HoCTb OCTaJIbHbIX peJIbCOBbIX
eneti npM BbIxo,ne 113 C'lpOJl OJJ.Horo H3 npH6opOB B pe3YJ1bTaTe KOpOT-
KOro 3aMhIKaHIDI.
144
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n = 13.3
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u
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AHaJII13 pa60TbI 11 TeXHI11.IeCKOe 06CJI)')KI1BaHl1e. - M.: TpaHcnopT,
1990. - 290 c.
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M.: TpaHcrropT, 1990. - 287 c..
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HHKH Ha )f(eJIe3HOL\OPO)KHOM 1]JaHcrropre. - M.: TpaHcrropr, 1991. - 336 c.
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we? / / AaroMaTHKa, CB.SI3b, I1H4>opMaTHKa. - 2006. - NQ 1.. - C. 71-72.
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nOJICHUK08a.. - M..: Mapwpyr, 2002.. - 406 c.
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JIeHlfSl. - M: 11:W;-Bo CTa apTOB, 1990. - 13 c.
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TpaHCI1 aT, 2001. - 88 c.
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CTB3 3BTOM3TI1K11 11 TeneMeXaHI1KI1: yqe6HI1K)])IR TeXHI1KYMOB )I(..-,n.
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T.J:eHHbIM CpOKOM CJI}')K6bl / / ABToMamKa, CB513b, I1H OpMaTI1Ka. 2000.
NQ 3. - C. 32-35.
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HO,nOpo:>KHOH aBTOMaTI1KM. - M.: 11I<.Q <<AKan.eMKHHI1l», 2003. - 438 c..
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M.: Maprnpyr, 2005. - 30 c.
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MOTHBHOH Cl1fH8J1113 IDI. - M.: TpaHcnoPT, 1992. - 255 c..
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n pH MeHelUle arrnapa1)'pbI 3CCO ,lJ)lH KOHTpOlliI CBo60D.HOCTI1 rryreBbIX
yqaCTKoB MeTO,nOM C1.IeTa oceH. - Cn6.: fillIpolpaHccl1rnancBR3b,2001.
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