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А.А. Ионииа, А.С. Саакян
Как же все-таки
употреблять артикли?
МОСКВА
АЙРИС ПРЕСС
2002

Серия «Английский клуб» включает книги и учебные
пособия, рассчитанные на пять этапов изучения анг-
лийского языка: Elementary (для начинающих), Рге-
Intermediate (для продолжающих первого уровня),
Intermediate (для продолжающих второго уровня), Upper
Intermediate (для продолжающих третьего уровня) и
Advanced (для совершенствующихся).
Серийное оформление А. Драгового
Ионина А. А., Саакян А. С.
И75 Как же все-таки употреблять артикли? — М.: Айрис-
пресс, 2002. — 304с: ил.— (Английский клуб).
ISBN 5-8112-0007-2
Учебное пособие «Как же все-таки употреблять артикли?» предназ-
начено для формирования, развития и закрепления навыков коррект-
ного использования артиклей в устной и письменной речи с различны-
ми разрядами английских существительных. Материал пособия позво-
ляет преподавателю проводить интенсивное обучение с использованием
индивидуального подхода к учащимся. Наличие ответов к упражнени-
ям и тестам делает обучение эффективным как в классе, так и при
самостоятельной работе.
Для широкого круга лиц, изучающих английский язык.
ББК81.2Англ-93
ISBN 5-8112-0007-2 © Издательство «Айрис-пресс», 2002

Предисловие
Пособие «Как же все-таки употреблять артикли?»
предназначается учителям английского языка, учащимся
средней школы, гимназий, колледжей, студентам языко-
вых факультетов. Оно может быть также использовано
широким кругом лиц, изучающих английский язык само-
стоятельно, так как наличие ответов в конце пособия по-
зволяет осуществлять самоконтроль и самокоррекцию.
Настоящее пособие состоит из двух частей. Первая
часть «Артикль и имя существительное» представляет со-
бой последовательное изложение теоретических знаний,
необходимых для формирования навыков употребления
артиклей. В целях облегчения восприятия материал
дается на русском языке. Вторая часть пособия — практи-
ческая и состоит из двух разделов. В первом разделе рас-
сматриваются основные случаи употребления неопреде-
ленного и определенного артиклей с основными лексико-
грамматическими разрядами имени существительного.
Правила употребления артиклей несложны. Сложность
состоит в том, чтобы правильно пользоваться ими в связ-
ных текстах и в процессе коммуникации. Именно поэто-
му во втором разделе пособия рассматриваются случаи
традиционного и контекстно-ситуативного употребления
артиклей, позволяющие закрепить полученные знания и
навыки не только на уровне отдельного предложения, но
и в связных текстах.
Последовательность изложения материала опреде-
ляется принципом нарастания сложности. Упражнения
повышенной сложности обозначены звездочками. Разно-
образный характер упражнений, включающих аналити-
ческие, тренировочные, творческие и коммуникативно
направленные задания, поможет учащимся приобрести
уверенность в сфере употребления артиклей, которые тра-
диционно считаются скучными и трудными. Не случайно
значительная часть всех совершаемых ошибок падает на

употребление именно артиклей и предлогов. В каждом
разделе под названием «Проверьте себя» дан рад литера-
турных текстов, позволяющих повторить пройденный ма-
териал в связном тексте. «Тестовые задания на все случаи
употребления артиклей» в конце пособия могут быть ис-
пользованы для контрольных работ и тестов. Хотелось бы
привлечь особое внимание к текстам и тестам (5-12),
представляющим собой незначительную адаптацию про-
изведений таких известных современных английских пи-
сателей, как Р. Дал, Сью Таунсенд, Пенелопа Лайвли,
Д.Роулинг.
Артикли — дело тонкое, но трудности в их употреб-
лении преодолимы. Надеемся, что работа по данному по-
собию, построенному на фактическом материале, пред-
ставляющем язык современной Британии, будет не толь-
ко обучающей и познавательной, но и приятной.
Авторы

Дорогой читатель!
Предлагаемое вашему вниманию пособие «Как же
все-таки употреблять артикли?», заботливо и тщательно
подготовленное авторами, в очень большой степени помо-
жет вам преодолеть, казалось бы, непреодолимые трудно-
сти, возникающие при употреблении артиклей в процессе
обучения английскому языку. Как среди преподавателей,
так и среди изучающих английский язык, существует до-
вольно распространенное мнение, что невозможно понять
и выучить все случаи использования артиклей, и, возмож-
но, это и не нужно. Не секрет, что подчас и сами англичане
не в состоянии объяснить, почему в конкретном случае
употреблен тот или иной артикль. Довольно часто носите-
ли языка позволяют себе определенные вольности в
употреблении артиклей и значительные отступления от
норм их употребления.
Однажды римский император Сигизмунд, отвечая
на вопрос о латинской грамматике, заметил: «Я — римс-
кий император, я выше грамматики». Если говорить о
тех, для кого английский язык является родным, в ка-
ком-то смысле это высказывание верно, так как грамма-
тические правила познаются естественно, в то время как
секреты говорения требуют осознанного постижения.
Но, с другой стороны, никто из нас, даже сам римский
император, не может стоять выше грамматики, быть над
ней. Мы связаны правилами построения предложений,
употребления в них артиклей, и если пренебрегать ими,
то очень может быть, что нас не поймут или поймут не-
правильно.
Артикли — маленькие слова, состоящие максимум
из трех букв, но без них практически невозможно постро-
ить ни одну фразу. Они являются неизбежными спутни-
ками имени существительного, способными существенно
менять содержание высказывания.

Сравните:
There is a paper on the table. — На столе газета.
There is paper on the table. — На столе бумага.
Well... - Ну...
It's a well. — Это колодец.
That's right. — Это верно.
He has a right to say what he pleases. — Он имеет право ....
Отсутствие или наличие артикля влечет за собой из-
менение значения даже одного слова, рассматриваемого
вне контекста.
Сравните:
glass (стекло) — a glass (стакан)
study (учеба) — a study (кабинет)
surprise (удивление) — a surprise (сюрприз, приятная
неожиданность)
Необходимость правильного использования артик-
лей в современном английском языке становится еще бо-
лее очевидной, если учесть тот факт, что они очень упот-
ребительны и составляют около девяти процентов слов
любого английского текста.
А вот ошибки и некорректности в их употреблении
столь многочисленны, что, по подсчетам ученых, они со-
ставляют пятую часть всех совершаемых ошибок.
Предлагаемое вам пособие удобно в работе над язы-
ком, оно логично структурировано и предлагает вам чет-
кие правила использования артиклей, достаточно подроб-
ные объяснения самых сложных моментов употребления
этих слов и многочисленные иллюстративные примеры.
Сначала авторы помогают вам детально разобраться
в имени существительном, в одном из самых главных
классов слов любого языка. От того, какое имя существи-
тельное вы хотите употребить, давая наименование
объекту, во многом зависит выбор артикля! Ну и, конеч-

но, очень важно то, что именно вы хотите сказать, какую
ситуацию вы мысленно представляете себе.
Сравните:
Sugar is bad for you. — Pass me the sugar, please.
Pay attention to grammar, please. — I have a French
grammar at home.
Во многих случаях, однако, следует просто пола-
гаться на свою память и твердо выучить, что, например,
названия городов употребляются без артиклей, а назва-
ния рек, морей и океанов — с определенным артиклем.
Однако, как известно каждому, любое правило имеет ис-
ключения. И название голландского города Гаага — the
Hague, например, одно из них. Разобраться в подобных
исключениях вам также поможет данное пособие.
Артикли, по мнению авторов пособия, — дело тон-
кое, но овладеть правилами их употребления способен
каждый изучающий английский язык. Значительно слож-
нее правильно использовать эти правила в речи, и имен-
но здесь неоценимую помощь вам может оказать эта ма-
ленькая удивительная книжечка, которая в познаватель-
ной и приятной манере позволит вам дать ответ на воп-
рос «Как же все-таки употреблять артикли?!»
Доктор филологических наук, профессор
О. В. Афанасьева

"When you buy a book, you
don't buy 12 ounces of paper
and ink and glue — you buy a
whole new world of knowledge."
Christopher Morley
Часть первая
ТЕОРИЯ
АРТИКЛЬ
И ИМЯ СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ
В современном английском языке существует два
артикля — неопределенный артикль a (an) и определен-
ный артикль the.
Артикли в английском языке — это слова, упот-
ребляющиеся только с именами существительными
или же со словами, перешедшими в разряд существи-
тельных — субстантивированными частями речи. На-
ряду с указательными, притяжательными и неопреде-
ленными местоимениями артикли передают значение

определенности или неопределенности имени суще-
ствительного.
Значение имени существительного является опре-
деляющим при употреблении с ним артиклей. Все имена
существительные можно разделить на следующие группы
слов или лексико-семантические разряды:
1) разряд нарицательных и собственных существи-
тельных;
2) разряд конкретных существительных (a file, a
student, a tree), которым противостоят существительные
отвлеченные или абстрактные (joy, fun, freedom, time, love);
3) собирательные (news, team, police, goods, clothes).
Среди собственных существительных выделяются
имена людей {Mr. Brown, Henry, Raphael), географичес-
кие наименования (Paris, Ahe U.K., the Nile), названия
мест, организаций, газет, журналов, литературных про-
изведений, разновидности сортов и марок и т.п.
Исчисляемость или неисчисляемость имени сущест-
вительного является вторым фактором, определяющим
употребление с ним артиклей.
Существительные
Исчисляемые
a book
a child
a house
a penny
a star
a file
a disk
Неисчисляемые
anger
freedom
happiness
work
news
honey
sugar
Конкретные существительные обозначают наимено-
вания отдельных предметов и поддаются счету, то есть яв-
ляются исчисляемыми. Обычно они имеют формы един-
ственного и множественного числа и могут употребляться
как с определенным, так и с неопределенным артиклем.

Значительное число неисчисляемых (веществен-
ных и абстрактных) существительных в английском
языке не имеет формы множественного числа. Их упот-
ребление часто вызывает трудности, так как в русском
языке они могут быть исчисляемыми и иметь формы
как единственного, так и множественного числа: но-
вость — новости, совет — советы, сведение — сведе-
ния.
В английском языке существует лишь одна форма
единственного числа подобных существительных: news,
advice, information.
Поскольку употребление определенного артикля не
зависит от исчисляемости или неисчисляемости имени
существительного, то основные трудности возникают при
употреблении именно неопределенного артикля.
I. Основные случаи употребления неопределенного
и определенного артиклей
§ 1. НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННЫЙ АРТИКЛЬ
Неопределенный артикль имеет две формы как в
написании, так и в произношении:
а [э] — перед согласными звуками
an [эп] — перед гласными звуками
She has a busy life.
I am waiting for an answer, Ben.
Выбор той или иной формы артикля определяется
произношением, но не орфографией. Форма а употребля-
ется перед словами, которые начинаются с согласного
звука в речи, даже если они и начинаются с гласной бук-
вы в написании.
This is a universal device.
ю

Форма an употребляется перед словами, которые
начинаются с немой буквы h.
An hour is enough for lunch.
Сравните также возможные варианты:
an hotel — a hotel, an history — a history
Неопределенный артикль в английском языке про-
изошел от числительного one: one -> a, an. Однако его не
всегда можно заменить на числительное one. Результат
может быть очень странным. Сравните:
You look an idiot. — You look one idiot.
It's a nice day. — It's one nice day.
One употребляется, когда хотят быть точны или же
подчеркнуть единичность предмета или лица.
I have two brothers and one sister.
One look at his face told me all.
Неопределенный артикль употребляется только с
исчисляемыми именами существительными в единствен-
ном числе: a tree, an apple, a child, a computer, a pro-
grammer, a file.
Неопределенный артикль отсутствует, если имя су-
ществительное стоит во множественном числе. В таких
случаях принято говорить о нулевой форме неопределен-
ного артикля или о «нулевом артикле»: trees, apples,
children, computers, programmers, files.
NB Представляется совершенно неверным крите-
рий, заимствованный из английских учебников и
принятый практически во всех отечественных учеб-
никах, согласно которому имя существительное дол-
жно употребляться с неопределенным артиклем,
если оно упоминается впервые. Практический мате-
П

риал показывает, что можно упомянуть слово в пер-
вый раз и тем не менее сказать:
"The day is fine, isn't it?", "Where are the keys I won-
der?", "What's the time?", "Let's discuss the news." и
так далее.
Необходимо учитывать, что существует ситуативное
и контекстуально-обусловленное употребление артиклей,
и в конце концов чисто интуитивное понимание того, что
речь идет об определенном предмете, даже если слово и
употребляется в первый раз. Употребление неопределен-
ного артикля определяется его значением и той ролью
(функцией), которую слово выполняет в предложении.
Неопределенный артикль имеет следующие значения:
1) классификации предмета, лица, явления:
It's a bus (not a car).
It's a teenager novel (not for grown-ups).
He's an actor (not an artist).
2) обобщения (объект, о котором идет речь, не просто
классифицируется, но и выступает в роли представителя
класса предметов, лиц, явлений). Это особенно характерно
для пословиц и поговорок, выражающих свойства, харак-
терные для любого из данного класса предметов или лиц:
A student must read a lot. A teacher should be competent.
A hungry man is an angry man. A cat in gloves catches no mice.
3) единичности, которое особенно очевидно при вы-
ражении мер времени, расстояния, веса:
An hour and a half is enough for this test.
I ran a mile without a stop.
An apple a day keeps wrinkles away.
Buy a pound of sugar, please.
12

Значение единичности четко проявляется также в
ряде устойчивых словосочетаний, передающих однократ-
ные действия:
to be a success to be at a loss
to have a look to make a date
to have a try to make a speech
to give a lift to play a trick
to give a chance to make a start
Неопределенный артикль употребляется с исчисляе-
мым существительным в единственном числе, которое вы-
полняет в предложении синтаксическую функцию (роль):
1) подлежащего в предложениях с конструкцией
there is was. Эта конструкция может употребляться также с
другими глаголами, такими как to live, to come, to occur, to
appear, etc.:
There is always an exception to the rule.
There was a stamp on the envelope.
There came a knock at the door.
There lived a king in the palace.
Однако: There are exceptions to the rule.
There are stamps on the envelopes.
2) предикатива (именной части составного именного
сказуемого):
I am a teacher, and she is a writer.
Nancy is a vegetarian, Olga is a fruitarian.
Однако: I am the teacher here, not you!
He is the boss, it's up to him to take decisions.
3) прямого дополнения:
He has a big family.
I've got a good library.
Let's take a seat and have a snack.
—Do you have a sweet tooth? —Yes, several.
13

Неисчисляемые существительные (вещественные и
абстрактные) во всех вышеупомянутых синтаксических
функциях не имеют артикля, так как употребляются в об-
щем смысле.
There was joy in the child's look. There is hot tea in the
tea-pot.
She has common sense. What fine weather! It's such hot
soup!
Неопределенный артикль употребляется также с ис-
числяемыми существительными в единственном числе в
восклицательных предложениях после слов what или such.
What a chance! It's such a great day!
You are such a crazy woman, but you mean so much to me!
Однако: What chances! These are such great days!
What crazy women!
Неопределенные местоимения (a) little — (a) few
(A) little употребляется с неисчисляемыми существи-
тельными, имеющими лишь единственное число:
(a) little time (money, information, food, knowledge).
(A) few употребляется с исчисляемыми существитель-
ными во множественном числе: (a) few books (people,
questions, coins, things).
A little и a few имеют положительное значение «не-
много есть» {some).
Не has a little time, he can speak to you. (+)
She has a few English books, you can use them. (+)
Little и few имеют отрицательное значение «мало»
{not much, not many).
He has little time, he can't speak to you today. (—)
She has few English books, she is gooing to buy some. (—)
Little и few в значении «мало» редко употребляются
в утвердительных предложениях в современном английс-
ком языке (за исключением тех случаев, когда им пред-
шествуют такие слова как very, so, too).
14

Thay have very little information about it.
We have so much work to do today.
These people have too many problems.
Общепринятой вежливой формой выражения отри-
цательного значения являются not much и not many.
I haven't much time today, I'm afraid.
I haven't many friends, I'm sorry to say.
Определенный артикль возможен при наличии
уточняющего (ограничивающего) определения.
I still keep the few presents, which you gave me.
Thank you for the little, you have done for me.
Отрицательное местоимение по и отрицательная частица not
Местоимение по в качестве определения употребля-
ется со всеми типами существительных, как в единствен-
ном, так и во множественном числе.
No sound came. No people could be seen.
There was no table in the room. It will give you no
trouble.
Если по определяет исчисляемое существительное в
единственном числе, то оно равнозначно not a (an).
I have no pet at home. — I haven't a pet at home.
There is no explanation to this. — There is not an
explanation to this.
Если по определяет исчисляемое существительное
во множественном числе или же неисчисляемое суще-
ствительное, то оно равнозначно not any.
There are no children in the park. — There are not any
children in the park.
There is no news today. — There isn't any news today.
Местоимение по является более выразительным,
сильным средством отрицания, чем not a (an) и not any.
He's not much to look at, and he's certainly no hero.
15

2. ОПРЕДЕЛЕННЫЙ АРТИКЛЬ
Определенный артикль имеет одну форму написа-
ния и два варианта произношения:
[Зэ] — перед согласными звуками
[Si] — перед гласными звуками.
The name seems familiar to me.
The England of our childhood!
The произносится [Si] перед словами, которые начи-
наются с немой буквы А:
heir
honest
honorary
honourably
heiress
honestly
honour
hour
heirloom
honesty
honourable
hourly
Определенный артикль произошел в английском
языке от указательного местоимения that и всегда указыва-
ет на предмет, лицо, явление как определенное. Эквива-
лентами определенного артикля являются притяжательные
(ту, your, his, her, its, our, their) и указательные местоиме-
ния (this—these, that—those). В русском языке, где нет ар-
тиклей, значение определенности передается с помощью
указательных местоимений. Поэтому при переводе на рус-
ский язык эквивалентом английского существительного с
определенным артиклем будет сочетание существительного
с указательным местоимением этот, тот:
I remember the girl. — Я помню эту девушку.
You are the man we are looking for. — Вы тот человек,
которого мы ищем.
Определенный артикль употребляется в тех случаях,
когда:
1) ситуация (то, что вы можете мысленно предста-
вить себе) или контекст (часть связного текста) показыва-
ет, что речь идет об определенном предмете:
16

The Ravens had gone from the Tower: the kingdom
would fall.
Where's the phone?
The cake is too rich.
2) предмет упоминался в тексте ранее и может быть назван
во второй раз тем же самым или другим существительным:
Three little kittens lost their mittens... The three little
kittens they found their mittens.
There was a cat on the step. The animal was enjoying
the sunshine.
Nigel gave me a calendar, but I didn't like the present at all.
3) у существительного есть уточняющее (ограничи-
вающее) определение, которое может быть выражено:
а) придаточным предложением:
You are the man we are looking for.
б) предложной фразой:
The house at the end of the street is for sale.
в) словами типа all, whole, very, right, left, wrong,
only, main, last, next, same, previous, principal, following,
former, latter:
I eat the same breakfast every morning.
Is it the right road to the station?
He is the only person for the position.
Однако: I was an only child.
We are all in the wrong business.
Однако: We've taken a wrong turn.
It was the last stop.
Однако: It was a last minute decision (поспешное
решение).
г) порядковым числительным, выражающим опре-
деленный порядок:
Take the first turning to the right.
I am reading the second chapter now.
17

Однако неопределенный артикль также возможен
с существительным, имеющим определение, выраженное
порядковым числительным. Сочетания типа a first love,
a first night, a first-class college, a first time, a first child,
a second apple и т.д. либо передают значение «еще один»,
«дополнительный» или же носят чисто описательный ха-
рактер.
The phone rang a seventh time.
He ordered a third drink at the bar.
She is learning to dress like a first lady.
Then he looked at a watch on his left wrist, then one he was
wearing on his right wrist, then took a third one out of a pocket
and looked at that He whispered, as though he was letting us in on
a great secret. The time in Washington, the time in Moscow and
the time in Jerusalem, he confided to us, with a wink.
Сравните:
We liked the first weekend so much, that we booked for
a second.
д) прилагательным в превосходной степени:
I try to read the best authors.
I'm the luckiest girl in the world.
Let me say that London cab drivers are, without
question, the finest in the world.
Однако нулевой или неопределенный артикль
возможен в выражениях типа a best seller.
This novel could be a best seller.
Сравните также следующие пары предложений:
This is the most interesting project I've ever come
across.
This is a most interesting project, we must accept it.
В первом примере превосходная степень прилага-
тельного с определенным артиклем выражает самую
высокую степень качества — «самый интересный». Во
втором примере с неопределенным артиклем выражена
очень высокая степень качества «весьма интересный»,
18

но не самая высокая. Сравните в русском языке:
«необычайно», «чрезвычайно», «в высшей степени» и
так далее.
4) Обстоятельство места, как правило, употребляется
с определенным артиклем:
The kids are playing in the garden.
Jane spends most of her time either in the kitchen or on
the phone.
Но иногда возможен и неопределенный артикль:
Andy was born on a small farm.
Tracey feels lonely in a big old house.
"We all live in a yellow submarine."
Mr. Ross lives on an island where no visitors come.
Ряд фраз с существительными в притяжательном па-
деже обозначает обстоятельство места (дом, магазин, кли-
ника и т.д.) и всегда употребляется с определенным артик-
лем:
at my parents' at the barber's
at the doctor's at the butcher's
at the dentist's at the chemist's
at the vet's at the cleaner's
5) Определенный артикль употребляется со слова-
ми, обозначающими тип географического ландшафта:
the city
the desert
the land
the seaside
the
the
the
the
country
forest
mountains
taiga
the countryside
the jungle
the plains
the tundra
Shall we have our holidays in the mountains or at the
seaside?
The rain was hammering the land and the forest.
I like the English countryside.
19

6) В ряде фразеологических единиц также употреб-
ляется определенный артикль:
in the long run to beat about the bush
to get the sack to set the ball rolling
to break the ice the fat is in the fire
for the time being to take the line of least resistance
§ 3. АРТИКЛИ С НЕИСЧИСЛЯЕМЫМИ
(ВЕЩЕСТВЕННЫМИ И АБСТРАКТНЫМИ) ИМЕНАМИ
СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫМИ
1) Неисчисляемые имена существительные, упот-
ребляемые в общем смысле, не имеют артиклей и формы
множественного числа.
The book is about violence and justice, love and survival,
madness and man's inhumanity to man.
Rather than love, than money, than fame, give me truth.
He prefers quality to quantity.
Food is what people and animals eat.
2) Приведенные ниже неисчисляемые имена сущест-
вительные не имеют формы множественного числа в англий-
ском языке и не употребляются с неопределенным артиклем.
advice
equipment
health
knowledge
money
progress
shopping
wealth
baggage
furniture
homework
luggage
music
prose
traffic
weather
behaviour
hair
information
machinery
news
research
travel
cash
She asked her Mum for advice and she -got it; she asked
her Mum for cash and she didn't get it.
I've got great news. That's just terrific news.
20

При необходимости выразить единичность исполь-
зуются выражения типа a piece of, an item of, a word of, an
article of, a sum of и так далее.
a piece of work an item of news
an article of furniture a word of advice
a sum of money a spell of good weather
a grain of truth
Существительное weather употребляется во множе-
ственном числе лишь в выражении in all weathers.
She is carrying her umbrella in all weathers.
3) Значительная группа английских существитель-
ных может быть как исчисляемыми, так и неисчисляемы-
ми, однако с большой разницей в значении. Наиболее
употребительные из них:
air
charm
education
grammar
language
memory
study
beauty
cold
experience
history
law
paper
time
business
dinner
glass
iron
light
speech
work
Сравните:
grammar — грамматика, составная часть науки о
языке; a grammar — учебник грамматики, книга.
study — процесс учения; a study — комната, кабинет.
work — работа, процесс труда; a work of... — книга,
картина, поделка, конкретное проявление труда.
Air is necessary for life. — There was an air of
importance about him.
Time flies. — There is a time to speak and a time to be silent.
This film is a work of fiction.
21

4) Следующие неисчисляемые вещественные имена
существительные могут переходить в разряд исчисляемых
и выражать вид, сорт, порцию:
beer
coffee
jam
metal
sauce
whisky
brandy
detergent
meat
paint
soup
wine
cheese
food
medicine
perfume
tea
wood
"Which cheeses do you sell?" — "Cheddar, Camembert
and Gouda."
"Which wines are produced in this region?" — "A dry
red and a rose."
My Granny makes a very fine jam. She makes four jams
every year.
He had several beers.
Фразы типа 'Want a beer?", "Two teas, please", "Two
gin and tonics."уместны в ресторане или в кафе, но не дома,
где вы скажете "Do you want a glass of beer?" шж "Would you
like a cup of tea?"
5) Следующие неисчисляемые абстрактные имена
существительные могут переходить в разряд исчисляемых
и выражать конкретные проявления или особую разновид-
ность того понятия, которое они передают. В этом случае
возможно употребление неопределенного артикля и обра-
зование множественного числа.
change
doubt
hope
meaning
pain
victory
desire
fear
life
noise
sound
war
difficulty
rain
marriage
hatred
suspicion
love
22

A thin rain was falling.
Heavy rains caused much damage to the country.
The thought of marriage never crossed my mind.
They had a lucky marriage.
A childhood hatred, like a childhood love, can last a
lifetime.
6) Употребление неопределенного артикля с аб-
страктными именами существительными, имеющи-
ми описательное определение, характерно для книж-
ного стиля в английском языке и выражает желание
автора подчеркнуть особую разновидность или нео-
бычное проявление того или иного абстрактного по-
нятия.
A terrible quietness crept in the house.
It was an absolute pleasure having you in my class.
Сравните также авторское употребление суще-
ствительного success в следующих предложениях:
I have lived another day and that's a success!
The only place where success comes before work is in
a dictionary.
I have had one success however.
We have had some successes in tennis today.
A few of the most glittering successes were close
friends of mine.
7) Названия болезней считаются неисчисляемыми
существительными и, как правило, не требуют никакого
артикля. К их числу относятся следующие:
AIDS
diabetes
influenza
measles
smallpox
appendicitis
hepatitis
laryngitis
mumps
tuberculosis
cholera
herpes
malaria
pneumonia
typhoid
The child has the first symptoms of measles.
23

Определенный артикль возможен с названиями не-
которых болезней. Это относится к словам measles,
mumps, chickenpox, flu (но не к influenza).
I'm coming down with the flu (influenza).
She had a mild attack of flu.
Существительные, обозначающие физическое со-
стояние cold, chill, cough, могут употребляться как обыч-
ные исчисляемые существительные.
Feed a cold and starve a fever.
Have you caught a cold again?
Слова, оканчивающиеся на -ache, в британском анг-
лийском могут употребляться без артикля или же с нео-
пределенным артиклем.
I've got earache. I've got an earache.
Слово headache является исчисляемым: a headache —
headaches.
В американском английском все слова с -ache являются
исчисляемыми, и вариант I've got earache неупотребителен.
Слово heartache с неопределенным артиклем не
употребляется, так как оно передает эмоциональное стра-
дание или боль.
8) Артикли с существительным fruit.
Существительное fruit имеет в английском языке
несколько значений.
а) В своем основном значении оно соответствует
русскому слову «фрукты» (вид питания). В этом значении
оно неисчисляемо, не имеет неопределенного артикля и
формы множественного числа.
Fruit is useful.
There is fruit and ice cream for dessert.
б) Слово fruits может обозначать «различные виды
фруктов».
Many different fruits are brought from Italy.
24

I like citrus fruits best.
I've got a beautiful book on African fruits.
в) Формы a fruit — fruits имеют значение «плод —
плоды» (как ботанический термин).
It was a strange-looking fruit.
This bush gives very beautiful fruits.
г) Кроме того, слово fruits может употребляться в
переносном значении — «плоды, результаты чего-либо»
(как правило, за существительным fruits следует фраза с
предлогом of).
the fruits of labour the fruits of enlightenment
the fruits of industry the fruits of my efforts
9) Артикли с существительным fish.
Существительное fish является исчисляемым в анг-
лийском языке и имеет совпадающие формы единствен-
ного и множественного числа: a fish — two fish — many
fish (a lot offish).
There are many fish in this lake. How many fish did you catch?
Climbing fish are found in Malaysia. Do flying fish really fly?
If he were to fall into the pond, he would come out with
a fish in his mouth.
Сравните другие существительные, также имею-
щие идентичные формы единственного и множественно-
го числа в английском языке: a sheep — many sheep,
a deer — a lot of deer, a swine — two swine.
а) Форма fishes употребляется в значении «различ-
ные виды рыб».
The fishes of the Atlantic.
There are different fishes in the aquarium.
б) Кроме того, существительное fish может обозначать
продукт питания, и в этом значении оно неисчисляемо.
Which do you like more: fish or meat?
There is always fish on my menu.
25

в) Существительное fish может иметь собирательное
значение.
Fish travel long distances in the sea.
Fish are plentiful in these waters.
Deep-water fish as well as shallow-water fish are at risk now.
§ 4. РАСПОЛОЖЕНИЕ АРТИКЛЕЙ
Как правило, артикль непосредственно предшеству-
ет имени существительному, которое он определяет.
Однако такие слова, как all, both, half, double, twice, many,
quite, rather, such, what могут употребляться как перед ар-
тиклем, так и после него. При этом расположение артик-
ля существенно изменяет значение предложения.
1) Half+ a (an) обозначает половину какого-либо ко-
личества или числа:
half a week, half a dozen pens, half an hour.
A + half обозначает качество:
a half bottle (a small bottle), a half smile (a real smile),
a half-brother, a half truth.
2) Half + the обозначает половину определенного ко-
личества или числа:
half the people, half the money, half the price.
The + half обозначает определенный предмет.
The half bottle we drank was delicious.
3) Double (twice) + the имеет значение «вдвое боль-
ше».
I was offered double the amount.
We paid twice the price.
Twice + a (an) выражает частотность какого-либо дей-
ствия:
twice a day, twice an hour, twice a year.
26

A (the) + double выражает:
а) качество:
a double-decker, a double bed, the double doors, a dou-
ble-breasted jacket.
б) двойную меру чего-либо:
a double Scotch, a double vodka and orange.
4) Слова all, both всегда предшествуют определенному
артиклю. Возможен также нулевой артикль. Сравните:
All students must work hard, (все студенты)
All the students did well at the exams, (определенные
студенты)
Both (the) students are in the lab now.
5) Слова quite, rather, such, what, so, as, too, however
определяют прилагательное. Расположение неопределен-
ного артикля относительно этих слов и прилагательного
может быть различным. Артикль может стоять на первом,
втором и третьем месте:
It's a quite good idea. What a good idea!
It's so good an idea.
A (an) обычно употребляется непосредственно после
quite, rather:
It's quite an easy task.
She's rather a strange woman.
It's rather a serious matter.
Однако возможен и другой вариант:
She's a quite interesting person.
Артикль a (an) употребляется после such и what.
It was such an unexpected visit!
What a good idea! What an unusual job!
Если перед прилагательным стоит so, as, too, how,
however, то неопределенный артикль употребляется после
этого прилагательного.
Never before have I met so good a man.
27

It's too good a chance to be overlooked.
However miserable a life I have, it's mine.
He is so clever a man as there can be.
6) В книжном стиле английского языка можно встре-
тить сочетание many + a (an) + существительное в един-
ственном числе.
Many a time have I told you this!
Many a man tried to win her attention.
Their garden had been the scene of many a picnic
during the summer months.
7) После kind of, sort of, type (^неопределенный ар-
тикль не употребляется: a kind of man, a sort of book.
He isn't a kind (sort, type) of man to make a woman happy.
What kind (sort, type) of job do you want?
II. Традиционное и контекстно-ситуативное
употребление артиклей
§ 5. УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ АРТИКЛЕЙ С ИМЕНАМИ
СОБСТВЕННЫМИ
Артикли с географическими названиями
1) Употребление артиклей с географическими назва-
ниями во многих случаях основано на традиции:
the Hague, the Strand, the Mall, the Wall Street.
На географических картах названия принято давать
без артиклей.
а) Определенный артикль употребляется с географи-
ческими именами, обозначающими названия океанов, мо-
рей, проливов, течений, каналов, рек, озер и водопадов:
the Indian (Ocean), the North Sea, the Bosphorus, the
Gulf Stream, the Panama Canal, the Amur, the Thames (the
River Thames), the Seliger, (the) Niagara Falls.
(Сравните: the Baikal, но Lake Baikal), а также
28

б) горных цепей и групп островов:
the Rocky Mountains (the Rockies), the Urals, the
Himalayas, the British Isles, the Canaries.
Однако названия отдельных горных вершин, хол-
мов и островов употребляются без артикля: Vesuvius,
Elbrus, Everest, Poklonnaya Gora, Easter Island, Cuba,
Madagascar, Cyprus, Haiti.
в) Определенный артикль ставится перед наимено-
ваниями регионов и пустынь:
the Midlands, the Lowlands, the Lake District, the
Crimea, the Caucasus, the Middle East, the Far East, the
Punjab, the Riviera, the Ruhr, the Tyrol, the Transvaal;
the Gobi, the Sahara Desert, the Kara-Kum, the Kala-
hari.
г) К числу географических имен, употребляющихся
без артикля, относятся названия континентов, стран, об-
ластей, городов, деревень:
Europe, Africa (the African Continent), Antarctica,
France, Russia, California, Bavaria, Moscow, London, Bei-
jing, Chernogolovka, Sofrino.
Артикль не употребляется, если эти существитель-
ные имеют определения типа north(ern), south(ern),
ancient, old, central, medieval, east(ern), west(ern):
Central America, South-East Asia, old England, West-
ern Europe.
Названия стран, включающие такие нарицательные
существительные как Union, Kingdom, States, Dominion,
Federation, Republic, имеют определенный артикль:
the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, the Irish
Republic.
В сокращениях определенный артикль сохраняется:
the USSR, the USA, the UK.
29

Названия стран во множественном числе употреб-
ляются с определенным артиклем:
the Netherlands, the Philippines.
Страны, названные по имени соответствующих ре-
гионов, имеют два варианта употребления — без артикля
или же с определенным артиклем:
Sudan — the Sudan, Yemen — the Yemen, Argentina —
the Argentine, Cameroun — the Cameroun, Ivory Coast —
the Ivory Coast.
Более употребителен вариант без артикля,
д) Названия заливов и полуостровов употребляются
без артикля:
Hudson Bay, Mexican Bay, Kamchatka, Scandinavia,
Taimir.
Однако если употреблено слово peninsula, необхо-
дим определенный артикль:
the Balkan Peninsula, the Kola Peninsula.
2) К числу имен собственных, употребляемых с оп-
ределенным артиклем, относятся названия театров, музе-
ев, концертных залов, картинных галерей, кинотеатров,
отелей, дворцов, известных произведений искусства, уни-
кальных книг:
the Bolshoi Theatre, the Vienna House, the Opera
House, the Chaikovsky Hall, the Albert Hall, the Hermitage,
the Musee d'Orsay, the Tate Gallery, the Odeon, the Marine
Hotel, the King David, (the) King David Hotel, the Taj Ma-
hal, the Great Pyramid, the Mona Liza, the Sistine Chapel,
the Sabre dance, the Moonlight Sonata, the Bible, the Koran,
the Domesday Book.
Названия кораблей, паромов, яхт, известных поездов
также употребляются с определенным артиклем:
the Queen Elizabeth, the Victory, (the) Titanic, the Ori-
ent Express.
30

3) Названия английских и американских газет упот-
ребляются с определенным артиклем:
the Times, the Observer, the Financial Times, the Sun,
the Star.
Одним из исключений является газета "Today".
С названиями иностранных газет артикль не упот-
ребляется:
Moskovskaya Pravda, Kommersant.
Названия журналов и периодических изданий, как
правило, не имеют артикля, хотя определенный артикль
возможен:
Economist, Times, House Beautiful, Computer Weekly,
Punch, Newsweek, Playboy, (the) Spectator, (the) Journal of
Psychology.
4) Наименования организаций и политических партий
употребляются с определенным артиклем:
the United Nations (the UN), the BBC, the Labour
Party, the FBI, the EC, the Pentagon.
Некоторые сокращения, превратившиеся в самосто-
ятельные слова, артикль утрачивают:
NATO, UNICEF, IBM, Xerox.
Однако при наличии слова company артикль воз-
можен:
the Bell Telephone Company, the Bata Shoe Company.
В данном случае возможны и альтернативные варианты:
General Electric, GEC, the General Electric Company.
5) Определенный артикль употребляется с наимено-
ваниями большинства политических и государственных уч-
реждений, общественно-политических движений и войн.
the Kremlin, the Senate, the Cabinet, the State Depart-
ment, the Supreme Court, the Interior Ministry, the Foreign
31

Ministry, the Army, the Government, the Navy, the State
Duma, the British Council, the Decembrist Movement, the
Second World War, the Zulu War, the Gulf War.
Исключениями являются:
Parliament {but the Houses of Parliament), Congress,
Whitehall, Westminster.
6) Названия музыкальных групп употребляются с
определенным артиклем, если существительное стоит во
множественном числе:
the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, the Eurythmics, the
Supremes, the Spice Girls.
The Beatles stopped performing together in 1970.
The Spice Girls have sold 30 million albums around the world.
В остальных случаях артикль не употребляется:
Queen, ABBA, Gorky Park, Genesis.
7) Определенный артикль необходим с названиями
спортивных событий:
the Olympic Games, the World Cup, the World Cham-
pionship.
Артикль не употребляется, если для обозначения спортив-
ного соревнования используется географическое название:
Wimbledon (теннис), Luzhniki (футбол), Ascot, Ep-
som (конноспортивные состязания), Henley (гребля).
8) Артикль отсутствует с именами собственными, яв-
ляющимися названиями школ, колледжей, университетов:
Salisbury Grammar School, Carnegie College, Surrey
University.
Возможны также два варианта:
London University — the University of London
(официальное название); Chicago University — the Univer-
sity of Chicago.
Ho: the Sorbonne.
32

9) Названия улиц, площадей, парков обычно упот-
ребляются без артикля:
Tverskaya Street, Regent Street, Broadway, Charing
Cross Road, Park Lane, Pennsylvania Avenue, Trafalgar
Square, Gorky Park, St. James's Park.
Однако существует ряд исключений:
the High Street (в любом городе), the Mall, the
Strand (в Лондоне), (the) Wall Street (в Нью-Йорке).
10) Названия шоссе и автотрасс могут иметь опреде-
ленный артикль:
the Al, the M3, the New Seattle Highway.
Определенный артикль не употребляется в уличных
обозначениях и в написании адресов.
11) Артикль отсутствует с названиями:
а) аэропортов, станций, мостов:
Heathrow, Gatwick, Vnukovo (Airport), Victoria Station,
Grand Central Station, Tower Bridge, Waterloo Bridge.
Ho: the Brooklyn Bridge, the Bridge of Sighs, the
Golden Gate Bridge.
б) церквей, соборов, приходов:
St. Paul's, St. Peter's, St. Basil's Cathedral, Trinity
Church, Westminster Abbey.
в) месяцев и дней недели:
January, April, August, December, Monday, Friday,
Saturday, Sunday.
Сравните:
We met on Friday. (Мы встретились в (прошлую)
пятницу.) — We met on a Friday. (Мы встретились в одну
из пятниц, но не в четверг и не в субботу.)
12) Названия языков употребляются без артикля:
English, French, Dutch, Danish.
Однако: the English language, the Spanish language.
2 Как же всё-таки употреблять артикли?
33

Географические имена, традиционно употребляю-
щиеся без артикля, могут, тем не менее, иметь:
а) определенный артикль, если у существительного
есть лимитирующее определение.
This isn't the Moscow I used to love.
In "Ivanhoe" Walter Scott described the England of the
Middle Ages.
б) неопределенный артикль, если существительное
имеет описательное определение или просто выражает
единичность.
It was a new Russia that he found on his return.
There will always be an England for me.
Определенный артикль также необходим, если имя
собственное употреблено во множественном числе.
Why have the winds of all the Russias blown into the
dining-room of Jasper's club?
This is a monument to Peter the Great, Czar of all the
Russias.
The two Americas have a great variety of climatic zones.
Артикли с личными именами
1) Личные имена (имена и фамилии людей), как
правило, употребляются без артикля, даже если они име-
ют такие описательные определения как little, old, young,
dear, poor, honest.
Old Henry, poor Smith, lucky Monica, little Charlie.
Dear old Emily! How I miss you!
При наличии лимитирующего определения или
ситуации употребляется определенный артикль. Срав-
ните:
— I met R. Murphy. — Do you mean the R. Murphy
who wrote all those grammar books?
34

2) Имена членов семьи, употребляемые членами
этой же семьи для выражения родственных отношений,
артикля не требуют и пишутся с большой буквы.
Hello, Papa! Hello, Mama! Is Baby still asleep?
Если имеются в виду родственные отношения вне се-
мьи говорящего, то употребляется определенный артикль.
The son resembled the father greatly.
3) Определенный артикль употребляется с существитель-
ными во множественном числе для обозначения всей семьи.
The Roosevelts provided America with two presidents.
I am watching now an English serial — "The Royals".
4) Неопределенный артикль используется с личным
именем существительным для обозначения члена семьи
или же некоего субъекта, носящего это имя.
A certain Safonov wants you on the phone.
Peter Ustinov comes from the Benois, and like a Benoi
is very talented.
I know how you feel about the Fairleys. I know you
wouldn't accept a Fairley in the family, Grandmother.
5) Личные имена становятся исчисляемыми суще-
ствительными, если:
а) имя художника, изобретателя, промышленника
используется для обозначения его произведения, труда,
премии, продукции.
This small museum has a Levitan.
Mine is a Panasonic, not a Sony.
This film won an Oscar for Best Foreign Film.
He is driving a brand new Jaguar.
I'm reading an Agatha Christie now.
6) личное имя используется для выражения типич-
ных черт носителя этого имени (но не самого человека).
Poor darling looks like a Cinderella.
Mozart was called the Raphael of music.
35

He is a typical Don Juan.
в) В обращениях артикль отсутствует.
Well, young man, have you been smoking again?
Can I speak to you, doctor?
§ 6. АРТИКЛИ С УНИКАЛЬНЫМИ ИМЕНАМИ
СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫМИ
1) К числу слов, обозначающих единственные в сво-
ем роде предметы и явления и употребляющихся с опре-
деленным артиклем, относятся следующие:
the atmosphere the cosmos
the earth (Earth) the equator
the east the west
the galaxy the globe
the ground the horizon
the Hemisphere the Milky Way
the moon the north
the North Pole the North Star
the Pope the world
the stars the solar system
the South Pole the sun
the sky the south
the Universe the Zenith
the weather
This is the way of the world.
It was a civilization gone with the wind.
Make a wish when the stars fall from the sky.
Сравните примеры, в которых артикли отсутствуют.
East is East, and West is West and they shall never meet.
(R Kiepling)
Contrary to R. Kiepling Hong Kong is truly a magic
place where East and West really meet.
36

2) Неопределенный артикль возможен, если у суще-
ствительных есть описательное определение.
This is a small world.
This is a wonderful world and the world is yours!
Tolkien in the "Lord of Rings" creates an imaginary
world of vast scope, convincing details and mesmeric
attraction.
There was a three-quarter moon in the sky.
The sun shone in a Wedgwood blue sky.
Возможно также употребление некоторых из выше-
перечисленных существительных (sky, wind, moon, world)
во множественном числе.
She praised you to the skies.
He knew a lot of people from the publishing and
theatrical worlds.
Выражение once in a blue moon означает «очень ред-
ко»; to be over the moon — «быть на седьмом небе от счас-
тья»; to cry for the moon — «желать чего-то невозможного».
— "That dorm only lets men visit girls once in a blue
moon..." — "Well, when's the next blue moon?" — "Next
Saturday." - "Okay. We'll wait till then."
3) Названия планет употребляются без артикля, так
как являются именами собственными, восходящими к
именам греческих и римских богов и богинь.
Mercury is the small planet closest to the sun.
(Mercury, the ancient Roman god of commerce,
eloquence and science.)
Saturn is the second largest planet in the solar system.
(Saturn, an ancient Roman god, had a great power to rule.)
4) Возможны три варианта употребления слова earth
в английском языке: the earthy the Earth, Earth.
Существительное earth в значении одной из планет
употребляется без артикля и пишется с большой буквы.
37

Much is written about man's life on Earth.
Выражение on earth употребляется в стилистических
целях после слов how, what, where, why.
What on earth are you talking about?
Оно также употребляется для усиления предшеству-
ющего слова.
There's no reason on earth why we should refuse.
§ 7. АРТИКЛИ С СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫМИ
SCHOOL, COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY, BED, TOWN, HOME,
CHURCH, HOSPITAL, PRISON, JAIL
1) Нижеперечисленные существительные могут вы-
ражать абстрактные понятия и употребляться без артикля:
to go to school = to study
to be in hospital = to be ill
to go to church = to believe in God
to go to bed = to go to sleep
to be sent to prison = to be imprisoned for something
to go (come, arrive, get) home
to be (stay) at home
When does school begin? — In a week.
Do you go to church?
Stay in bed till you feel rested.
You can't send an innocent person to jail!
He left home at the age of 16.
He left his textbook at home.
2) Они также могут быть исчисляемыми и употреб-
ляться с неопределенным или определенным артиклем.
This is a college, not a prison, I hope.
38

Amanda went to the school to a parents' meeting.
The prison was in the outskirts of the city.
He sighed and stretched out on the bed.
They brought new equipment to the hospital.
They live in a small town. It's the town where they first met.
This is a very old church.
The jungle is the home of the tiger and the elephant.
A nursing home is an institution (place) for the care of
children, old and sick people.
Сравните употребление слова prison в следую-
щем примере:
The shabby-looking man said he had just got out of pris-
on. Though it was quite a normal prison, he said that still pris-
on is prison.
3) В предложных фразах существительное town упот-
ребляется без артикля, если оно противопоставляется по-
нятию «за городом» {in the country) или же если имеется в
виду город, в котором вы находитесь.
I'll be out of town next week.
He is very popular in town.
Let's meet in town, not in the country.
§ 8. АРТИКЛИ С СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫМИ,
ОБОЗНАЧАЮЩИМИ ПРИЕМЫ ПИЩИ (BREAKFAST,
BRUNCH, LUNCH, DINNER, TEA, SUPPER, MEAL)
1) Данные существительные не имеют артикля, если
они употреблены в своем абстрактном значении и просто на-
зывают ту или иную трапезу и ассоциируются со временем.
to have (take, serve, cook, prepare) dinner, breakfast
Lunch is at 12 o'clock.
Tea is laid on the coffee table.
What shall I cook for supper?
Kitekat for breakfast, sardines for lunch, Dandy Cat for
supper. What could a cat ask for more?
39

2) Неопределенный артикль употребляется, если у
существительного есть описательное определение.
There is no such thing as a free lunch.
A potluck dinner is a dinner when everyone has to bring
a dish. It's very popular in America.
Let's have an early supper tonight.
She met them on their way home for a late Sunday lunch.
3) Определенный артикль употребляется с данными
существительными, если есть ситуация, контекст, лимити-
рующее определение или же имеется в виду сама еда.
The dinner you cooked was great!
How much did you pay for the lunch?
Don't burn the dinner again, Molly!
4) Иногда названия трапез могут становиться исчис-
ляемыми и обозначать:
а) званый вечер.
There was an official lunch at the Embassy.
Are you going to dress up for the dinner?
б) порцию (неопределенный артикль выражает еди-
ничность).
I haven't enough money to buy a supper.
§ 9. АРТИКЛИ С СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫМИ,
ОБОЗНАЧАЮЩИМИ ЧАСТИ СУТОК И ВРЕМЕНА ГОДА
(SUNRISE, DAWN, MORNING, NOON, DAYTIME, AFTERNOON,
DUSK, TWILIGHT, SUNSET, EVENING, NIGHTFALL, NIGHT,
MIDNIGHT, WINTER, SPRING, SUMMER, AUTUMN)
1) Данные существительные могут иметь абстрактное
значение и выражать время суток или время года в общем
смысле. В таких случаях они употребляются без артикля.
Winter eats what summer provides.
Night fell. Day broke. It was evening. It was noon.
40

Days merged into nights, nights drifted into dawns.
It was a gentle time — neither day nor night.
2) Неопределенный артикль необходим, если у су-
ществительного есть описательное определение (кроме
таких определений как early, late, real, broad, high с суще-
ствительными в функции предикатива).
I like the dusky gold of a fine autumn.
It was a cold morning.
It was a fine day.
Однако: It was early morning. It is broad day. It was
high noon.
It's early spring.
It was late autumn.
Сравните: to have an early (a late) night.
I haven't had an early night for a month already.
We're going to have an early spring this year.
3) Определенный артикль употребляется с данными
существительными, если они ясны из контекста, ситуа-
ции или же имеют лимитирующее определение.
We watched the sunset from the boat.
The sunrise promised good weather.
It happened in the spring of 1996.
4) Следует обратить внимание на употребление ар-
тикля с данными существительными в тех случаях, когда
они входят в состав некоторых выражений с предлогами.
Определенный артикль употребляется в выражениях:
in the morning, in the daytime, in (the) spring, during
the winter, in the summertime, all through the night, in the
dead of night.
Сравните: early in the morning — in early morning.
В выражениях с предлогами at, by, about, past,
before, after, towards, till (until) артикль отсутствует:
at night, by noon, by midnight, past noon, after sunset.
41

By nightfall I was feeling hungry and sleepy.
Most discos close at dawn.
Артикль не употребляется также в следующих выра-
жениях:
all day (long), all night (through), day after day, day in,
day out, from morning till night, day and night.
He practised keyboard exercises day and night.
Однако: all through the night and all through the day
§ 10. АРТИКЛИ С СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫМИ,
ВЫРАЖАЮЩИМИ РОДОВОЕ ПОНЯТИЕ, ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ,
ЖАНРЫ, ТЕРМИНЫ
1) Исчисляемое существительное в единственном
числе, имеющее определенный артикль, может представ-
лять целый класс предметов, становясь своего рода сим-
волом этого класса. Названия животных, растений, про-
фессий, черт характера, социальных групп, различных
терминов могут выражать подобное родовое значение.
Не is interested in the flora and fauna of Africa.
The red squirrel is steadily dying out.
The true botanist knows a tree as soon as he sees it.
The article is a word specifying the noun.
He is writing a thesis on the drama.
"All will be well," she told herself, always the eternal
optimist.
The human mind is a strange and complex piece of
machinery. It takes a lot of understanding.
Неопределенный артикль также возможен в подоб-
ных случаях.
A (The) violet is a lovely flower.
In grammar, a noun is a word, which is used to refer to
a person, a thing, or an abstract notion.
42

2) Существительные man, woman, child в родовом
значении употребляются без артикля.
According to Charles Darwin, man descended from the
apes.
The fate of man is hard to tell.
Much is written about the social injustice to woman.
This novel is about man, woman and child.
3) С названиями изобретений, открытий употребля-
ется только определенный артикль.
In "The Periodic Table" the Russian chemist Dmitri
Mendeleyev classified the natural elements into groups.
The telegraph works on the S. Morse alphabet.
The Media are the Press, the Radio and TV.
4) Определенный артикль употребляется, когда
люди (врачи) профессионально говорят о частях тела (то
есть, когда части тела становятся терминами).
We hope the operation won't hurt the brain.
He suddenly changed in the face.
This fellow is really weak in the head.
The hunter accidentally shot himself in the leg.
§ 11. АРТИКЛИ В ВЫРАЖЕНИЯХ С ПРЕДЛОГАМИ
IN, WITH, LIKE, AS
1) Исчисляемые существительные в единственном
числе обычно употребляются с неопределенным артиклем
в выражениях, вводимых предлогами:
a) in:
in a hurry, in a whisper, in a loud (low) voice, in a
mess, in a good (bad, blue) mood.
Nothing goes well in a hurry.
Why is the house in a mess again?
Never speak to children in a rude way, lest they should
answer you in the same way.
43

б) like:
to sing like a lark, to work like a slave, to sleep like a
log, to behave like a child.
Life, like a flower, unfolds its beauties one by one.
Wilfred drank like a fish, but it never showed on stage.
He lives like a rolling stone.
Like a secret drunk, he periodically reread her letters.
в) with:
with a look, with a nod, with a sigh, with a yawn.
Marion greeted us with a nod.
r) as:
as happy as Punch (a child), as busy as a bee, as pretty
as a calendar picture, as hungry as a hunter, as mad as a
hatter.
Some men play their whole life as a comedy.
Peter is as poor as a church mouse.
He is as contemporary as the Greenwich time signal, as
punctual as a tax demand and as worldly as a punk.
2) Если существительное является неисчисляемым
или же имеет форму множественного числа, то в выраже-
ниях с вышеуказанными предлогами артикль не употреб-
ляется («нулевой артикль»):
in (with) surprise, in (with) anger, like children,
as black as night, as green as grass, as white as snow.
They fought like young lions.
Like modern musketeers, the three decided to stick
together.
It was as thick as London fog.
Although they were identical twins and looked alike,
when it came to their characters, they were as different as
chalk and cheese.
"My love to you is like a Sunday morning.
My love to you is like stormy weather."
44

3) При наличии лимитирующего определения воз-
можно употребление определенного артикля.
Сравните следующие предложения:
The noise seemed like a strong beating heart, like the
strong beating of my own heart.
§ 12. АРТИКЛИ В СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЯХ С ПРЕДЛОГОМ OF
В зависимости от ситуации или же от контекста су-
ществительное с предлогом of может быть описательным
или уточняющим по отношению к первому слову всего
сочетания, что и определяет употребление определенного
или неопределенного артикля с ним.
1) Определенный артикль употребляется с первым
существительным, если оно обозначает часть того целого,
которое выражено существительным с предлогом of
the top (foot) of a/the hill
the end (beginning) of a/the story
the figure (profile, face, shadow) of a/the man
the middle (depth, width) of a/the river
the climax of a/the situation
They sat down on a bench under the sliade of a weeping willow.
This company is on the edge of collapse.
The face of a person shows what life he has lived.
The depth of love isn't measured by words.
Сравните: a figure of a ballerina (статуэтка)
the figure of a ballerina should be slim
2) Если существительное с предлогом of имеет форму
множественного числа, то первое существительное может
употребляться как с неопределенным, так и с определенным
артиклем. Неопределенный артикль выражает единичность,
определенный артикль обусловлен ситуацией или контекстом:
a/the set of stories, a/the tin of biscuits, a/the party of
people, a/the team of players.
45

I'm reading a set of stories by R. Dahl.
After my holiday I come back into the swing of things.
3) Если существительное с предлогом (^является веще-
ственным или абстрактным, то оно употребляется без артик-
ля. Первое существительное может иметь любой артикль:
a/the bar of chocolate, a/the item of news, a/the article
of furniture, a/the sense of humour.
The miracle of love comes to me again.
We are the children of tomorrow.
She has nerves of steel.
Magda has a strong sense of justice.
Alison changes the colour of her hair every month.
Сравните: We must give the house a new coat of paint.
Today we shall give the house the final oat of paint.
§ 13. ОТСУТСТВИЕ АРТИКЛЯ В РЯДЕ ВЫРАЖЕНИЙ,
ВВОДИМЫХ ПРЕДЛОГАМИ
Во многих устойчивых выражениях с предлогами ар-
тикль не употребляется. Приведем некоторые из них:
1. from
2. by
on
from head to foot
from time to time
from start to finish
from hand to mouth
accident
car, train, air
chance
hand
half
deck
foot
(one's) mind
heart
fax, post
good (bad) fortune
mistake
name
sale
(good, bad) terms
time
46

in
at
advance
bed
court
fact
future
hand
first sight
last
half
love
mind
private
time
once
present
sea
§ 14. АРТИКЛИ С СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫМИ
В ФУНКЦИИ ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ И ПРЕДИКАТИВА
(ЧАСТИ СОСТАВНОГО ИМЕННОГО СКАЗУЕМОГО)
1) Исчисляемые существительные в единственном
числе в функции приложения, как правило, употребляются
с неопределенным артиклем.
Mike, a chronic complainer, is never satisfied.
The painting, a Dali, cost the museum a fortune.
The article, a small word, often causes problems.
Классифицирующее значение неопределенного ар-
тикля проявляется в данном случае наиболее отчетливо.
2) Определенный артикль употребляется, если:
а) приложение относится к известному лицу.
Mozart, the greatest of all composers, is the best
medicine for me.
Pushkin, the great Russian poet, described autumn
beautifully.
Ivan Bunin, the Nobel Prize Winner, lived in Paris for
many years.
б) приложение ясно из ситуации, контекста или же
имеет лимитирующее определение.
Mr. Hooks, the newspaper editor, wants to see you.
Mr. Gray, the delicate and fastidious man, was devoted
to great literature.
47

He had left his hat on the table, the tall hat, in which he
always went to church.
Если приложение предшествует имени собственному,
то употребляется определенный артикль:
The painter Turner, the composer Britten, the student Vetrov.
3) Артикль не употребляется, если имени собствен-
ному предшествуют слова, обозначающие титулы, чины,
служебные ранги:
Admiral Nelson Doctor Heil
Professor Vishnevski Lord Byron
Queen Elizabeth King Umberto
Sir Henry Smith Senator Smith
King Albert, who was Queen Victoria's beloved hus-
band, was an outstanding man. He was husband of the Queen,
but never the King.
4) Существительные в функции приложения или
именной части составного именного сказуемого (преди-
катива) употребляются без артикля, если они обозначают
официальный пост, должность, чин, которые могут зани-
маться лишь одним человеком одновременно. Наиболее
употребительные из них следующие:
author best man boss
captain centre forward chief
chairman chairperson director
dean goalkeeper head
king leader manager
president prime minister principal
queen secretary treasurer
Mr. Wilson, Prime Minister of England, made a historic
speech.
Mike is goalkeeper and Brian is centre forward.
Clifford Hill, director of the research project, said that
nearly half of children aged 7 to 16 "have seen a video nasty".
Life was different when he was President.
48

Определенный артикль возможен при наличии по-
следующего существительного с предлогом of.
This man is the author of the famous book that won the
Booker Prize.
5) Артикль необходим, если имеется в виду сам че-
ловек, а не занимаемый им пост.
The Queen has a meeting with the Prime Minister every
morning.
The Headmistress can force a pupil to attend classes but
not to think.
6) Определенный артикль употребляется в титулах
монархов и высокопоставленных лиц, а также в именах
сказочных персонажей:
William the Conqueror, Ivan the Terrible, Alfred the
Great, Catherine the Second, the Tsar Peter the Great, the
Baron Munchausen, the Emperor Napoleon, the Reverend
Montanelli, the Prince of Wales {but Prince Charles), the
Duke of Kent, the Countess of York, Vasilissa the Fair, Ni-
kita the Dragonslayer, Old Bones the Deathless, Jack the
Ripper.
§ 15. АРТИКЛИ С СУБСТАНТИВИРОВАННЫМИ
ЧАСТЯМИ РЕЧИ
Многие части речи могут переходить в разряд суще-
ствительных (субстантивироваться) и приобретать катего-
риальные свойства существительного — число, падеж и
артикли.
Be a dear and fetch me a cocktail.
For anyone who teaches English this book is a must-
have.
This agent will tell you about Dos and Don'ts of building
your own home.
49

The roll of the dice finally came up with a seven.
— What money would you like? — Four fives and ten ones.
Субстантивация может быть полной или частичной.
Как правило, полностью могут субстантивироваться при-
лагательные и числительные. Они обозначают:
1) исчисляемые существительные типа:
a/the native — (the) natives, a/the criminal — (the)
criminals, a/the romantic — (the) romantics, two — a two —
twos;
2) названия некоторых национальностей:
a Russian — Russians, an American — Americans, a
Greek — Greeks, a German — Germans, an Italian — Italians
3) цвета или оттенки цветов:
Black makes you look slimmer.
My favourite colour is bottle blue.
The sky was a Wedgwood blue.
The gardens blazed with glorious colour. Stylized
flower beds were awash with the abundant reds and pinks of
the gay geranium, the deep purples and sharp yellows of the
velvet-petaled pansy, the whites and pinks and mauves of the
tall and graceful fox-glove. Variated greens sloped away into
the distance alongside the cool blues of the iris.
Частично субстантивированные части речи имеют
лишь один признак существительного — как правило, это
определенный артикль.
1) Они могут обозначать группу людей, имеющих об-
щую черту, признак, качество:
the old, the young; the deaf, the dumb; the civilized, the
cultured.
50

К числу наиболее часто субстантивируемых таким
образом прилагательных и причастий прошедшего време-
ни относятся следующие:
aged
deaf
free
injured
oppressed
sick
unemployed
young
blind
disabled
handicapped
living
poor
starving
weak
brave
educated
homeless
needy
powerful
strong
wealthy
dead
elderly
hungry
old
rich
uneducated
wounded
Два частично субстантивированных прилагательных,
объединенных союзом and, артиклей не имеют.
Old and young came to the celebration.
Rich and poor have their own problems.
2) Названия наций, оканчивающихся на -sh, -ch так-
же субстантивируются частично и употребляются с опре-
деленным артиклем:
the Dutch, the English, the French.
The Dutch are famous for their tulips.
3) Частично субстантивируются и могут употреб-
ляться с определенным артиклем прилагательные, обо-
значающие абстрактные понятия.
Это следующие прилагательные:
exotic
inevitable
obvious
possible
unbelievable
unreal
impossible
future
old
present
(un)usual
unthinkable
incredible
new
past
supernatural
unknown
ridiculous
Do you believe in the supernatural?
This magician can perform the impossible.
We got lost in the dark.
51

4) Частично субстантивированные прилагательные,
обозначающие абстрактные понятия и входящие в состав
некоторых устойчивых выражений с предлогами, как пра-
вило, имеют определенный артикль, хотя в некоторых
выражениях употребляется неопределенный артикль:
in the negative (positive, affirmative), to touch to the
quick, to be in the open, on the whole, in the main, for the
better, for the worse, for the best of, not in the least, out of
the blue, to do one's best, for the good of, to leave for good,
all of a sudden.

Часть вторая
УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
I. Основные случаи употребления неопределенного
и определенного артиклей
§ 1. НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННЫЙ АРТИКЛЬ
Упражнение 1. Употребите а или an.
1. ... apple 2. ... red apple 3. ... year 4. ... unhap-
py year 5. ... horse 6. ... accident 7. ... hour 8. ... situ-
ation 9. ... animal 10. ... poor artist 11. ... problem
12. ... easy task 13. ... engineer 14.
15. ... university 16. ... person 17. .
18. ... European city 19. ... angel 20.
21. ... elephant 22. ... oasis 23. ... deer 24. ... auto
25. ... printer 26. ... opera 27. ... idea 28. ... fine idea
29. ... plane 30. ... airplane
.. hot evening
honest answer
. long interval
53

Упражнение 2. Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложе-
ния. Объясните значение неопределенного артикля в выделен-
ных словах.
1.1 have discovered during my long career as a teacher that
a bad girl is a far more dangerous creature than a bad boy.
2.1 have the heart of a man, not of a woman, and I am not afraid
of anything... (Elizabeth I, Queen of England) 3. After all, by na-
ture a teacher must be an original and creative person. 4. It's in-
conceivable how a man can't perceive that a woman can reject
an offer of marriage. 5. How unwise of him to contradict a wom-
an! 6. It takes a heap of living to make a house a home. 7. A small
town isn't as exciting as a big city. 8. A cup of coffee and a roll is
a usual continental breakfast. 9. She never wasted a minute of
her valuable time. 10. A witty limerick is very hard to write.
11. An au pair assists with child care in exchange for the experi-
ence of living as a family member in a foreign country. 12. A new
safe was put in Mr. Adams's office. 13. A chef is a skilled cook.
14. An untouched continent lay before me. 15. A Mars a day
helps you work, rest and play. 16. A herd of sheep is grazing in
the field. 17. A picture is worth a thousand words. 18. Sixty sec-
onds make a minute, sixty minutes make... now go on with it till
you reach a millenium. Do the same with units of weight and dis-
tance.
Упражнение З. А. Образуйте множественное число существитель-
ных в следующих предложениях, сделав все необходимые измене-
ния.
l.This is a thrilling show. 2.There is a man at the door.
3.The man is an American, and the woman is a Swiss. 4.1n the
story a policeman helps a child. 5.A student must enjoy life.
6.Johnny keeps a white mouse in a box. 7.A dog makes
a wonderful pet. 8.What a good chance we have! 9.A refrigera-
tor keeps food fresh. 10.It's a new shopping centre. 11.A man-
ageress is a woman who is responsible for running a shop, of-
fice, etc. 12.A headstudent is a student who keeps the register.
54

В. Образуйте единственное число существительных в следующих
предложениях, сделав все необходимые изменения.
l.Men who drink and drive are criminals. 2.Housekee-
pers must be economical. 3.Secretaries should know comput-
ers and languages. 4. Politicians must be good leaders and
speakers. 5.Horror films are not for small children. 6.Partners
should be reliable people. 7.Hours passed before the police
came. 8.Accountants must be good at figures. 9.1 can see
sheep in the field. 10.There are geese in the pond. 11.Witches
are dangerous. 12.Teachers sow seeds of knowledge that will
grow forever.
Упражнение 4. Измените предложения по образцу:
Образец: This is a fast car. - These are fast cars.
That was a great idea. - Those were great ideas.
It's a new disc. — They are new discs.
1.That's a clever man. 2.She is a pretty woman. 3.There
is a fish in the aquarium. 4.We saw a nice little mouse in the
kitchen. 5.My baby has a tooth already. 6.It is a printer to
a computer. 7.I've got a Language Activator. 8.It's a serious
mistake. 9.My friend has a pet, a cat. lO.We saw a western last
month. 11.Has he got a private house or a flat? 12.1 got a nice
present on my birthday. 13.An electric kettle is very conven-
ient. 14.It is a new fashion magazine. 15.Helen has an aunt
and an uncle.
Упражнение 5. А. Составьте предложения по образцу:
Образец: He's going to be a milliner. - Milliners make hats.
l.He decided to be an artist. 2.She would like to be-
come a teacher. З.Му brother wants to be an architect.
4Jason is going to become an electrician. 5.Nancy made up
her mind to be a nurse. 6.His son wants to be an engineer.
7.Our neighbour is a carpenter. 8.Megan is going to be
a dressmaker. 9. Mary's little son wants to be a bus-driver.
55

10.This young man would like to be a busker. 11.My stu-
dent decided to become an accountant. 12.Our friend will
be a policeman soon. 13.His wish is to become a business-
man. H.Ted's parents want him to become a doctor.
15.This man is a barber.
В. Вставьте в пропуски необходимый артикль.
I.When I was ... young boy, I wanted to play ... trumpet,
but I wasn't very good at it. So I decided on architecture.
When I told my father t^at I wanted to be ... architect, he
said, "Are you crazy? & builder is much more important." He
was .A builder and for him, ... son of... builder should be ...
builder. After thirty years of work, I have become ... architect,
but my studio is deliberately called "The Building Workshop".
IIЛ grew up in ... big family in ... small steep town over-
looking the River Tyne. It was ... place of... ancient coal mines,
... dark terraced streets, ... strange shops, ... new estates and ...
wild heather hills. ... place and its people have given me many of
my stories. I always wanted to be ... writer, though I told ... very
few people about it until I was .;. grown-up person. I've been ...
postman, .Q^brush salesman, ^editor and ... teacher.
*C. Коммуникативное задание.
Побеседуйте с друзьями о том, кем вы хотели стать,
когда были ребенком. Если ваши планы поменялись, то
почему это произошло? Кем вы собираетесь стать сейчас
или уже стали?
Упражнение 6. Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложения на
русский язык. Объясните, является ли значение артикля классифи-
цирующим, обобщающим или передающим значение единичности.
1. It's a wonderful, wonderful life! 2.An apple a day
keeps wrinkles away. 3.A flower touches almost everyone's
heart. 4. He is a gentleman in every sense of the word.
5.A lawyer must know all the changes in the laws. 6.A fort-
56

night consists of fourteen days. 7.A car needs regular service.
8.He bought a block of cigarettes. 9.This song is a great hit.
10.1 need a bottle of milk for my baby. 11.A piano must be
tuned regularly. 12.A beginner is a person with no experience.
13.We shall talk about it in a week. 14.Can I have a cake and
a cup of coffee, please? 15.This chocolate bar costs a dollar.
Упражнение 7. Прочитайте пословицы и поговорки, и дайте их
русские эквиваленты. Объясните случаи употребления неопреде-
ленного артикля.
l.A penny saved is a penny earned. 2.A stitch in time
saves nine. З.Ап hour in the morning is worth two in the
evening. 4.A friend in need is a friend indeed. 5.A fool may
ask more questions in an hour than a wise man can answer in
seven years. 6.A hungry man is an angry man. 7.Half a loaf is
better than no bread at all. 8.A liar is not believed when he
speaks the truth. 9.A sound mind in a sound body. 10.A tree is
known by its fruit. ll.A good name is better than riches.
12.A good wife makes a good husband. 13.A man is known by
the company he keeps. 14.A civil question deserves a civil an-
swer. 15.A fair face may hide a foul heart. 16.A good face is
a letter of recommendation. 17.A good name is a second in-
heritance. 18.A liar ought to have a good memory. 19.Never
send a boy to do a man's job. 20.A silent tongue and a true
heart are the most admirable things on Earth.
Упражнение 8. Определите профессию, используя слова из пра-
вой колонки.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
а
а
а
person
person
person
who
who
who
delivers letters
sells meat
mends or makes
things from wood
а
а
а
person
person
person)
who
who
drives a car
sells flowers
tfho operates on people
a.
b.
с
d.
e.
f.
a
a
a
a
a
a
newscaster
headstudent
chauffeur
dentist
postman
surgeon
57

7. a person who rides horses in
races
8. a person who looks after
people's teeth
9. a person who digs coal from
the ground
10. a person who sells fruit and
vegetables
11. a person who looks after
people's eyes
12. a person who makes and sells
bread
13. a person who presents
the news on television
14. a student who keeps the register
g. a butcher
h. a carpenter
i. a baker
j. a florist
k. a greengrocer
1. a jockey
m. a miner
n. an optician
Упражнение 9. Дополните следующие предложения, используя
приведенные ниже слова.
О б р а з е ц:... has to be patient, friendly and flexible.
- A teacher has to be patient, friendly
and flexible.
A. 1. ... has to be reliable, efficient and well-organ-
ized. 2. ... has to be creative, intelligent and experienced in
life. 3. ... has to be beautiful, tall and hard-working.
4. ... has to be kind, competent and professional. 5.... has to
be polite, creative and friendly. 6. ... has to have a good
reputation and talent for speaking in public. 7. ... must have
a good memory and a quick mind. 8. ... must be sweet, ele-
gant and have good manners. 9. ... must be hard-working,
studying for knowledge, enjoy his life. 10. ... must be care-
ful, brave and clever.
a lady, a writer, a politician, a secretary, a student,
a model, an interpreter, a hairdresser, a doctor, a detective.
58

В. 1. ... is someone who designs buildings. 2. ... is
someone who breaks into houses and steals things. 3. ... is
someone who doesn't eat meat. 4. ... is someone who sings
in the streets and gets money for it. 5. ... is a person who
buys things in a shop. 6. ... is a person who controls business
of a company. 7. ... is a book which gives you reliable lan-
guage information. 8. ... is a surface which reflects images.
9.... is a person who keeps and counts business money. 10. ... is
someone who understands you and someone you can rely on.
a vegetarian, an architect, a manager, an accountant,
a mirror, a dictionary, a busker, a burglar, a customer, a friend.
Упражнение 10. Прочитайте пословицы и дайте их русские экви-
валенты.
1. A promise is a promise. A deal is a deal. 2. A good be-
ginning makes a good ending. 3. A stitch in time saves nine.
4. A lie in time saves nine. 5. Don't wake a sleeping lion.
6. A friend to all is a friend to none. 7. Better an egg today
than a hen tomorrow. 8. Once a captain, always a captain.
9. A man of words and not of deeds is like a garden full of
weeds. 10. A good horse never stumbles. 11. A diamond must
cut a diamond. 12. Joy is a sunbeam between two clouds.
13. No one is a fool always, everyone sometimes.
* Упражнение 11. Вставьте в пропуски неопределенный артикль,
если это необходимо, и переведите предложения.
A. l.We all had ... jolly good laugh. 2.What about having
,.. snack? 3.1 asked Sue when we could meet for ... chat.
4.Would you like to have ... dinner with me? 5.Grandma usu-
ally has... nap after dinner. 6.Before I go, can we have ... talk?
7.It was my parents' first visit to London, so the guide took
them on ... tour. 8.- Will you help me to make ... shopping-
list? - No problem. 9.Have you ever had ... lunch at this res-
taurant? lO.We'll have to make ... fire to get warm. 11.Did you
59

have ... good time at the graduation party? 12.Steve goes out
every hour to have ... smoke. 13.The secretary would like to
make ... appointment for Thursday. H.Linda has ... splitting
headache today. 15.Every morning before breakfast he has
... swim. 16.Isn't it high time to have ... break?
B. 1.If you give us ... hint, we'll guess your secret. 2ЛЪеу
wished us all to have ... fun at the picnic. 3.Just have ... look at
that funny boy over there. 4.He called a lawyer as he wished to
make ... will. 5.Are you going to make ... speech at the ceremony?
б.Таке ... seat. We are going to have ... long talk. 7.She gave ... cry
of horror at seeing a snake. 8.Would you like to have ... drink? -
No, I am at work. 9.You must give ... account of all your expens-
es. lO.Whether you want it or not, I am going to give you ... piece
of my mind. 11.There are people who are always ready to give
you ... hand when you are in trouble. 12.The sponsor offers them
to give ... support with advice and money. 13.Any woman would
make ... fuss in such a situation. 14.— Would you like to have
... rest after dinner? — Just for half an hour.
"Упражнение 12. Переведите.
1.— Пора сделать перерыв и перекусить. — Хорошая
мысль! 2.— Давай выйдем покурить. — Да, но на улице хо-
лодно, мы можем простудиться. З.Если хочешь сделать
доклад на английском языке, тебе нужен словарь. 4.По
утрам он купается в холодной воде, а по вечерам прини-
мает горячий душ. 5.Не мог бы ты мне намекнуть, почему
она устроила такой шум? 6.Дети развели костер, рассказа-
ли друг другу много интересных историй и от души по-
смеялись. 7. Пойду прогуляюсь. Ужасно болит голова.
8.Мы собираемся устроить вечеринку и хорошенько пове-
селиться. 9.Присаживайтесь и давайте поболтаем. Ю.По-
дождите минуту, я хотел бы сделать вам предложение.
И.Этот ученик постоянно делает ошибку в слове daughter.
12.Если ты опять скажешь неправду, твой друг поднимет
60

шум. 13.Сегодня у Шерон свидание с Майклом. Н.Этот
спектакль пользуется большим успехом. 15.— А не потан-
цевать ли нам? - О нет, у меня так сильно болит зуб!
16.Скажи мне правду, если ты настоящий друг. 17.У мое-
го друга была прекрасная возможность совершить турне.
18.Детишки хорошо провели время на новогоднем вечере.
19.Я собираюсь вздремнуть часок или два. 20.Она сделала
ошибку, когда писала доклад.
Упражнение 13. Прочитайте пословицы и поговорки и дайте их
русские эквиваленты.
1.Where there is a will, there is a way. 2.When there's
a whip, there's a will. 3.Where there's much talk, there's little
work. 4.Where there is smoke, there is fire. 5.There is no fool
like an old fool. 6.There is no rose without a thorn. 7.There's
nothing new under the moon. 8.There is a black sheep in
every flock. 9.There is no smoke without fire. lO.There's still
a tiny ray of hope. 11.There is no medicine like hope.
12.There comes a time when the line must be drawn.
H.There is no sweet without sweat. 14.There is something to
be learned from a great man even when he is silent.
Упражнение 14. Вставьте в пропуски some, any или неопределен-
ный артикль, если это необходимо.
1.There is ... new park in the town. 2.There were
... books on the shelves. 3.There was .., rose in the vase.
4.There is ... marmalade in the jar. 5.There is GL island in the
ocean. 6.There is... sadness in her voice. 7.There were г.. tears
in her eyes. 8.There was ... fantastic dress in the window-
shop. 9.There are ... nice little cottages in the valley. lO.There
is... money in the purse, but not much. 11.Is there ... sense in
what he is saying? 12.Once there lived ... fellow called Sam.
13.Are there ... five children in the family? 14.There was
... surprise in Molly's eyes. 15.There was... surprise in the box
on Molly's birthday. 16.There is... sad news in today's papers.
61

17.There is ... cold milk in the jug. 18.Is there ... useful infor-
mation in the file? 19.There was ... incident in the street last
week. 2O.There is ... good advice the lawyer would like to give
you. 21.There is ... list of cakes at the restaurant, and the
choice is endless.
Упражнение 15. Переведите.
l.B каждой семье есть свой секрет. 2.На крыше си-
дит кошка. Какое милое животное! 3.Какая жалость, что в
году бывает только один день рождения! 4. В нашем офисе
три компьютера. 5.В холодильнике много еды: торт, мас-
ло, сыр, овощи и бутылка сока. 6.Каждую субботу и вос-
кресенье в нашем клубе дискотека. 7.В моей группе есть
хорошие ученики. 8.В кофейнике есть кофе. Хочешь
чашечку? 9.На стене висит очень красивая картина. На
ней изображены тигр и олени. 10.— На кухне есть телеви-
зор? — Нет, там есть радио. И.В коридоре есть телефон.
И рядом с ним стул. 12.Жил да был однажды умный ко-
роль, и у него была глупая жена. 13.Есть вопрос, который
я хочу задать вам. Можно? 14.Есть шансы, что моя люби-
мая команда выиграет. 15.В бутылке есть холодный сок.
Но у нас нет стаканов. 16.В меню есть и мясо, и рыба, и
овощи. 17.В этом кафе всегда есть гамбургеры. 18.На пли-
те суп и картофель. 19.В фотоаппарате есть новая пленка.
20.Нет предела совершенству. 21.В радуге семь цветов.
Упражнение 16. Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложе-
ния. Обратите внимание на употребление артикля с существи-
тельным в функции части составного именного сказуемого (пре-
дикатива).
l.My boss is a rememberer. I am a forgetter. 2.Ted is
a man worth getting to know. З.Неге is a piece of advice for
you. 4.Elizabeth was too much of a lady. 5."Every Englishman
is an island," said Novalis. 6.They are relations by marriage.
7.They were most dependable business partners. 8.Beth Ann
62

is a smart girl. 9.They're sure a happy bunch. 10.It's a capti-
vating work, highly entertaining. 11.It surely is hard work, but
PU manage it. 12.David Kallinski was a born salesman. 13.He
was not a troublemaker. 14.It was a really enjoyable experi-
ence. 15.She's always a bag of nerves. 16.It can be a kind of
swansong. 17.She certainly is the peacemaker in the family.
18.Who is the teacher here? You or me? 19.Michael is the
boss, so he knows better. 20.Nigel Forrester is a professor at
Oxford. 21.It's not wine, it's cherry juice. Try it. 22.lt was
a challenging task. We enjoyed it.
Упражнение 17. Прочитайте старинную английскую песенку, об-
ращая внимание на употребление артиклей с существительными
в функции части составного именного сказуемого (предикатива).
A was an archer, who shot a frog,
В was a boy playing tag with a dog,
С was a captain so gallant and bold,
D was a dancer with slippers of gold,
E was an Eskimo living on ice,
F was a fisherman, isn't that nice,
G was a giant who pulled down a house,
H was a hunter who hunted a mouse,
I was an Indian climbing on walls,
J was a juggler who juggled five balls,
К was a king and he wore a fine crown,
L was a lion-tamer dressed up in brown,
M was a musician who marched in a band,
N was a nobleman looking so brand,
О was an old man who drank lots of tea,
P was a pirate who sailed on the sea,
Q was a queen sitting high on a throne,
R was a robber who lived all alone,
S was a sailor who never was wet,
T was a tailor with needle and thread,
U was an uncle and he was quite rich,
63

V was a villain who fell in a ditch,
W was a weaver at home and on tour,
X was expensive and then became poor,
Y was a yachtsman who sailed in a yacht,
Z was a zero and that's all we've got.
Упражнение 18. Вставьте в пропуски неопределенный артикль,
если это необходимо.
Lit was ... happy marriage from start to finish. 2.She
was ... non-stop talker. 3.1t was ... quick and clever decision.
4.Are they ... colleagues or ... friends? — They are ... neigh-
bours. 5.Are you ... optimist or ... pessimist? 6.It is... very ur-
gent information. Read it! 7.- What is it? - It is... tomato
soup. — Oh no, I hate it! 8.A piano is not ... furniture. It's
... musical instrument. 9.Pizza is ... very popular dish. 10.My
cousin is ... modern dress-designer. 11.It's ... lie again, isn't
it? You always tell me ... lies. 12.This is ... great news. I am
happy about it. 13.It is ... brown bread, but I usually have
... white bread. H.It's not... easy situation, it's ... very difficult
one. 15.It is... good start. You are ... very energetic man.
16.They are ... bad boys! 17.It will be ... exciting game. 18.Jack
is ... man of wit and humour. 19.They are ... open and trusting
children. 20.Simon is ... sensible boy, isn't he? 21.He is ... re-
ceptionist at ... small hotel. 22.Carol is ... air hostess. 23.1 am
... big, big girl in ... big, big world.
Упражнение 19. Переведите.
1.Мой друг — гид. Он хороший переводчик. 2.Они
туристы из Азии. Они бизнесмены. 3.Замечательная се-
годня погода! Я люблю морозную погоду. 4.Я не началь-
ник, я обычный служащий. 5.— Они студенты или школь-
ники? — Они уже студенты. 6.Он странный человек, не
так ли? 7.Дочь моей сестры очень милый ребенок. 8.Он -
истинный джентльмен, а она — истинная леди. 9. Грин-
пис — международная организация. 10.Он известный кри-
64

тик. Между прочим, он и неплохой писатель. 11.Когда я
была ребенком, в доме всегда было животное. 12.Это был
большой город. Это был современный город. 1 З.Хью —
разумный мальчик. И очень вежливый ребенок. 14.Это
очень дорогая машина, так как это современная модель.
15.Это прекрасные идеи. Он действительно крупный уче-
ный. 16.Я постоянный читатель этого журнала. П.Ма-
рия - феминистка.
Упражнение 20. Вставьте в пропуски артикль, если это необходимо.
l.To British soldiers in the field the nurses had become
... angels of mercy. 2.He's ... total, total workaholic. 3.Mine
has been ... good marriage in so many ways. 4.It was ... chance
to mix with others. 5.Grammar isn't just ... set of rules.
6.These are ... helpful rules. 7.Linda was already ... legend in
the area for the charitable deeds she had performed. 8.He was
... man in crisis. He was at ... critical point in his life. 9.My
computer is ... mine of information. lO.She was quite ... terror
at times. But also very, very beautiful. 11.It's ... rest you're
wanting. 12.Sarah was never ... great talker. 13.These young
men are just ... time-wasters. H.Hans was ... German
through and through. 15.My Granny is ... great talker and ad-
visor. 16.1 wanted it to be ... lovely surprise for ... kids when
they arrived. 17.It seemed ... capital idea. 18.Mr. Harris was
... born bachelor. 19.It's going to be ... bad day if your boss
tells you not to bother taking off your coat. 20.It was ... unex-
pected news, but it provided ... reliable information.
Упражнение 21. Прочитайте и переведите предложения, обращая
внимание на употребление артиклей с существительными в фун-
кции дополнения.
I.Emma had a thirst for learning and acquiring know-
ledge. And she had an enormous capacity for work. 2.She has
a nasty habit of guessing and the trouble is she's often right.
3.You are light-minded, but you do have a heart. 4.— I saw
65

a flying saucer last summer. — It must have been a hallucina-
tion. 5.The cook is going to bake delicious cakes for the kids.
6.Does anyone want to take a chance? 7.Could you possibly
take an afternoon off and give me a hand with wallpapering?
8.When people understand each other, it saves heartache in
the end. 9.He was sent by the Mafia to run a Las Vegas casi-
no. lO.Amelia gave Jack a long, searching look. 11.None of
my children would dare to tell a downright lie to a teacher.
12.Every now and then Uncle Vernon would take a sharp turn
and drive in the opposite direction. 13.She stopped to draw
a deep breath. 14.It gave him a goal in life. 15.The letter of
recommendation had a magical effect. 16.One man makes
a chair, another sits in it. 17.Rumour had it that he'd flown
there on a magic carpet - or a private jet.
Упражнение 22. Вставьте в пропуски неопределенный артикль,
если это необходимо.
1.1 need ... friend to feel happy. 2.My mother has sent me
... present for Christmas. 3.The detective got ... important in-
formation. 4.He had ... dream that seemed real. 5.She heard
... voice calling her. 6.1 am going to start... business of my own.
7.He made ... good progress in his Chinese. 8.My new compu-
ter makes ... strange noises. 9.He married ... nice, pretty girl.
lO.In the morning Mary saw ... young servant girl. 11.Sing him
... song, tell him ... story and he will fall asleep. 12.1 have
... brilliant idea. We must take ... radical step. 13.We gave ... in-
terview to the press. 14.1 want ... wife who will care for me.
15.They have ... offer to make. 16.- Could you keep ... secret?
~ Of course, I like ... secrets. 17.We got... great news about this
film star. 18.I've decided to bake ... chocolate cake. 19.My par-
ents always give me ... useful advice. 20.1 managed to get... very
interesting work. 21.We had ... nice newsy gossip in the kitch-
en. 22.Why don't you wear ... apron when you do the washing-
up? 23.Liza was wearing ... pure white dress, with ... gold belt
round her waist. 24.She had ... tongue ... yard long.
66

Упражнение 23. Вставьте в пропуски артикль, если это необходимо.
l.They have discovered ... new planet. 2.1 do have
... problem. З.Не asked shyly for ... advice. 4.Robert had
... desperate need to talk to someone. 5.Andrew opened an-
other beer and took ... long swig. 6.Everybody had ... copy of
the text. 7.They had ... very well-thought-out plans. 8.Did
your grandfather make ... will? 9.May I ask you ... question,
Nick? lO.He didn't have ... clue what they were doing. ll.We
saw ... long queue at the entrance to the exhibition hall.
12.Bob took ... gulp of tea and rushed out. 13.Denis wants to
have ... owl or ... cat or ... toad as a pet. 14.She put ... vase of
flowers on the piano to make the room look more attractive.
15.They offered everybody to have ... seat. 16.We've got
... great news, ... terrific news. 17.She was wearing ... pantsuit.
18.He's expecting ... cheque, instead, he got ... new bill. 19.1
want to have ... husband and ... children. 20.She has ... heart
of gold. 21.1 made ... excuse-me-face and left. 22.We saw
... TV tower in the distance.
Упражнение 24. Переведите.
1 .Час назад Елена получила факс из Лондона. 2.У Сти-
вена есть друг в Америке и дядя в Австралии. 3.Вчера мы ку-
пили новую мебель. 4.Я написал письмо и пошел погулять.
5.У нее очень приятные манеры. б.Отправь телеграмму, если
будут проблемы. 7.Выпей таблетку аспирина, если у тебя бу-
дет болеть голова. 8.0ни услышали громкие голоса в доме.
9.На ней сегодня потрясающее красное платье. Ю.Джон по-
обещал новую игрушку своему сынишке. 11.Он немец? У
него сильный немецкий акцент. 12.3доровье и счастье не ку-
пишь. 1 З.Том построил дом для своих родителей. 14.Элис
нужна новая машина. 15.Путешественники прошли долгий
путь. 16.Мартин прожил интересную жизнь. 17.У него краси-
вая, но глупая секретарша. 18.Дэвид купил японский компь-
ютер. 19.Найди мне работу, мне очень нужны деньги. 20.По
пути домой мы встретили странных людей.
67

Упражнение 25. Переведите.
1.Я не могу пойти с тобой на прогулку, у меня
свидание. 2.У нее ангельское лицо и приятный голос.
З.Прага— европейский город. 4.У мальчика хорошая
память. 5.Мыши — умные животные. 6.Мэри не была
симпатичным ребенком, у нее было худое сердитое
лицо и жидкие светлые волосы. 7.Это сумасшедшая
идея, а вы сумасшедшие люди. 8.Она сладкоежка, и у
нее плохие зубы. 9.У Елены большая и дружная семья.
10.Это очень оживленный (busy) район, со школой, ав-
тобусной станцией и новым спортивным комплексом.
11.У Майкла большое чувство юмора. 12.Это срочные
новости. 13.Не трать попусту ни минуты. 14.Это золо-
тые правила, запомни их! 15.Я нашел записку в почто-
вом ящике. 16.«Соберись, ты же англичанин!» - гово-
рил он себе. 17.Мы в странном положении. 18.У муж-
чины свои обязанности, у женщины свои. 19.Это хоро-
ший шанс для Бориса получить новую работу.
20. Сейчас очень популярны беспроволочные (cordless)
телефоны.
Упражнение 26. Образуйте множественное число имен существи-
тельных в следующих предложениях, сделав все необходимые из-
менения.
l.He was a pioneer in the American Midwest. 2.That
guy is a family friend. 3.You know, you're a terrific teach-
er. 4.It was a time of hope, of confidence, of boundless
optimism. 5.It's a rule of thumb. 6.The man is a brilliant
athlete. 7.This clerk is a commuter, an outsider. 8.1 think
he is becoming a fanatic. 9.It was a brilliant piece of work.
10.There is an important rule to follow in English spell-
ing. 11. We had an unforgettable impression of Venice.
12.Everybody has a personal desk at the office. 13.He was
a rising star in the music world. 14.1 have a problem on
my mind. 15.She was a born hustler and fusser and a non-
68

stop talker. 16.There is always an exception to the rule.
17.What a capital idea this is! 18.A street vendor is some-
one who sells magazines, cigarettes, hamburgers, etc from
a small stall or cart. 19.This was a family rule. 20.The man
is a genius in mathematics.
Упражнение 27. Вставьте в пропуски артикль, если это необхо-
димо.
l.We have .;. grandfather clock in the living-room.
2.1 don't care ... thing about him except as ... friend. 3.Eve-
rybody is going to be given ... rise. 4.Patsy took ... immediate
liking to the babysitter. 5.London made ... absolutely unfor-
gettable impression on me. 6.They have ... personal file of
everyone. 7.He gave us ... time to shop around. 8.The child
had ... English nanny and ... horde of teddy bears. 9.From
tomorrow, my life is going to be different. I'm going to turn
over ... new leaf. 10.David Maines was now ... best-selling
novelist. 11.It's ... terrible thing to have to face. 12.There
was... icy, cutting wind. 13.It was ... highly competent piece
of work. H.She is ... woman who gets all things done.
15.The father is ... treasure, a brother - ... comfort, but
... friend is both. 16.We had ... exciting adventures during the
trip. 17."Home Alone" is ... comedy about ... boy who foils
two burglars. 18.Once ... year there is ... flower show in
Chelsea in London.
Упражнение 28, Прочитайте и объясните употребление артиклей.
А.
Once there lived a young man,
Named Paul,
Who was going to a fancy ball,
He thought he would risk it
And go as a biscuit.
But a big dog ate him up
In the hall.
69

в.
There was a crooked man,
And he walked a crooked mile,
He found a crooked sixpence
Against a crooked stile;
He bought a crooked cat,
Which caught a crooked mouse.
And they all live together
In a little crooked house.
С
It's funny how often they say to me,
"Jane?
Have you been a good girl?
Have you been a good girl?"
I go to a party, I go out to sea,
I go to an aunt for a week at the sea,
I come back from school or from playing a game;
Wherever I come from, it's always the same:
"Well?
Have you been a good girl,
Jane?"
(A. A Milne)
D.
On the corner is a banker with a motor car.
The little children laugh at him behind his back
And the banker never wears a "mac"
In the pouring rain, very strange!
* * *
There is a fireman with an hour glass.
And in his pocket is a portrait of the queen.
He likes to keep his fire engine clean.
It's a clean machine.
(Limericks)
70

Упражнение 29. Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложе-
ния. Объясните употребление артиклей.
l.What a mighty dick-head I am! 2.Marigold. What
a lovely name for a child. 3.Lord, what a hectic day!
4.What wonderful news! It calls for a toast. 5.What
a muddle! And what fun! 6.— What a nice watch! — Yes,
it's a Cartier. 7. What a tremendous success you've made
of this place! 7. What great progress! 8.Merry Christmas!
What a glorious season! 9.What a lovely surprise! Why
didn't you write about your visit? 10. What a sad loss that
would be. 1 l.What bright students! 12.What promising
young people they are! 13.What a transformation! What
model children you've become! 14. Strawberry Hill is
such an idyllic place. 15.It was a great idea of Bill's to
suggest coming here for lunch; it's such a festive place!
16.It was such a happy, exciting day; it felt like a birth-
day all day long. 17.It was such a waste of time dwelling
on what might have been. 18.They are such pleasant
people! 19. What a wheeler-dealer he was! 20. She was
such a bossy know-it-all. 2l.What astonishing results!
22.This is such breaking news! 23.What sweet juice!
24.What a rich cake!
Упражнение 30. Вставьте в пропуски неопределенный артикль,
если это необходимо.
A. l.What ... sweet juice! 2.What... risky situation!
3.What ... timely advice! 4.What ... shocking idea! 5.What
_ smart dresses! 6.What ... cold champagne! 7.What
...miserable day! 8.What ... tough people! 9.What гг. killing
news! 10.What ... great man! 1 l.What ... miserable weath-
er! 12.What ... deep knowledge! 13.What ... wonderful life!
14.What ... choosy girls! 15.What ... important matter!
16.What ... hot soup! 17.What ™ big surprise!
18.What...cool air! 19.What ... big money! 2O.What ... old
coin!
71

В. l.It is such ... fresh idea! We appreciate ... new ideas.
2.Robert gave me such ... beautiful engagement ring! 3.We got
such ... smashing news! It's so ... good! 4.He is such ... out-
standing man! 5.We are having such ... depressing weather
this autumn! 6.They had such ... funny experience during the
trip. 7.1 don't like such ... sweet tea. And so ... strong too!
8.Ratchel has quite ... busy life. 9.It's such ... shame that he
failed the exam. lO.My brothers are such ... noisy boys! 11.He
is such ... intelligent boy for his age! 12.Isabel has such ... good
dress-sense! 13.It is such ... foggy day! The air is so ... damp!
14.They got such ... important information! 15.It's such
... thrilling film! And it is so ... long! 16.Nobody can cook such
... delicious food as Lizzie.
Упражнение 31. Переведите.
1. Какой дождливый день! Какая холодная погода!
2.Какие умные дети! Какой талантливый ребенок! 3.Ка-
кой крепкий чай! Какая красивая чашка! 4.Ну и ситуация!
Какие странные люди! 5.Какой вкусный сок! Какой боль-
шой стакан! 6.Бабушка, какие у тебя большие глаза, уши
и зубы! 7. Какая трудная работа! Но какая хорошенькая
секретарша! 8.Какие милые женщины, и какой у них кра-
сивый дом! 9.Какой оригинальный совет! Какая блестя-
щая мысль! Ю.Джонни, какие у тебя большие ноги!
11.Какие неожиданные деньги! Какой сюрприз! 12.Какие
большие успехи! Какой трудолюбивый студент! 13.Какая
удобная мебель! И какая большая комната! 14.Какие глу-
бокие знания! Какой хороший учитель! 15.Какая глубокая
река! Но какая теплая вода!
Упражнение 32. Переведите.
1.Это очень хороший вопрос. Ты всегда задаешь ум-
ные вопросы. 2.Врач должен быть добрым, внимательным
и знающим. 3.Она милая женщина, и у нее такие милые
дети! 4.Полицейский должен быть смелым и сильным.
72

5.Футбол - популярная игра. Хоккей тоже популярный
вид спорта. 6.Полутора лет достаточно, чтобы закончить
эту работу. 7.Это очень хорошее место. Здесь мы можем
передохнуть. 8.У нее новый офис и очень интересная ра-
бота. 9.Это очень сложная проблема, и чтобы ее решить,
мне нужен совет. 10. — Не пора ли нам перекусить? — Хо-
рошо, через полчаса. 11.Я думаю, что английский — очень
интересный язык. 12.Подожди минуту, и мы пойдем на
прогулку. 13.Когда я был подростком, я был очень роб-
ким. 14.Что такое арбуз? Это фрукт или ягода? ^.Биб-
лиотека ~ учреждение, где можно взять книги на неделю
или даже на месяц.
Упражнение 33. Прочитайте текст и переведите его. Объясните
употребление артиклей с выделенными словами и фразами. Пе-
рескажите текст.
Mr. Dursley was the director of a firm called Grun-
nings, which made drills. He was a big, beefy man with
hardly any neck, although he did have a very large mous-
tache. Mrs. Dursley was thin and blond and had nearly
twice the usual amount of neck, which came in useful as
she spent so much of her time craning over garden fences,
spying on the neighbours. The Dursleys had a small son
called Dudley, and in their opinion there was no finer boy
anywhere.
The Dursleys had everything they wanted, but they
also had a secret, and their greatest fear was that somebody
would discover it. They didn't think they could bear it if
anyone found out about the Potters. Mrs. Potter was
Mrs. Dursley's sister, but they hadn't met for several years;
in fact, Mrs. Dursley pretended she didn't have a sister,
because her sister and her good-for-nothing husband were
as unDursleyish as it was possible to be. The Dursleys
shuddered to think what the neighbours would say if the
Potters arrived in the street. The Dursleys knew that the
73

Potters had a small son, too, but they had never even seen
him. This boy was another good reason for keeping the
Potters away; they didn't want Dudley mixing with a child
like that.
{after "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone"
by J.K.Rowling)
Упражнение 34. Употребите (a) little - (a) few в следующих пред-
ложениях.
l.Add ... drops of olive oil to the salad. 2.Very ... women
become judges. 3.Could you lend me ... dollars until tomor-
row? 4.... people came to the party, but it was still fun. S.Su-
san was very shy and made ... friends at school. 6.My friend is
going to stay with us for ... days. 7.Melanie is quite happy and
has ... regrets about leaving Victor. 8.Why do so ... English
people speak German? 9.I've read ... of his books but I didn't
really enjoy them. 10.... make-up will make you look much
more attractive. 11.There is too ... water in the vase, and the
flowers are dying. 12.The next day the child felt well enough
to eat... food. 13.If I were you I would use ... salt in my food.
14.Can I have ... more red wine, please? 15.-Do you speak
Spanish? — Just.... 16.With ... more imagination you could do
a lot with this room. 17.1 can't help. I have ... experience of
this kind of work. 18.1 am ... bit surprised by your gift. 19.Bad
results showed that ... progress was made by the students.
20.It's ... use trying to make her give up smoking. 21.Where
there is ... work, there is ... pay. 22.He has ... gray hairs,
though he's very young. 23.It's no problem if you're hungry.
I've got ... sandwiches.
Упражнение 35. Переведите следующие предложения, используя
слова (a) little — (a) few.
1.К счастью, у меня есть несколько друзей, кото-
рые мне помогут. 2. К несчастью, у меня мало друзей.
З.Ты мало работаешь. Поработай немного. 4.Он не-
74

многословный человек. Он может сказать все в не-
скольких словах. 5.В этом году мало снега. Но в лесу
все еще есть немного снега. 6. Нам нужно несколько
долларов и немного удачи. 7.Сегодня на ней мало кос-
метики и украшений. 8.Мне нужно несколько минут,
чтобы приготовить немного кофе. 9.Верблюдам нужно
мало воды. Им достаточно выпить немного воды один
раз в месяц. 10.Между отцом и сыном было мало по-
нимания. 11. Этому ребенку нужно немного любви и
поддержки. 12.У мальчика дефекты речи, и мало кто
понимает его. 13.У Марины есть небольшой прогресс.
Она теперь делает мало ошибок. 14. Мало кто может
быть счастлив без любви. 15.У меня есть несколько
проблем и слишком мало времени, чтобы решить их.
16.Ты мало мне помогаешь. Не мог бы ты немного по-
мочь мне сегодня? 17.У нас есть немного масла, но
мало сыра. 18.Ты мало думаешь. Подумай немного,
прежде чем ответить.
Упражнение 36. Измените предложения согласно образцу:
Образец: She is no friend of mine. — She is not a friend of mine.
We need no more milk. - We don't need any more milk.
l.We have no bananas. 2.There's no news of him. З.Не
has given no reason for this. 4.They had no plans for the fu-
ture. 5.Betty's no fool, I'm telling you. 6.1t's no problem at all.
7.There's no juice in the jug. 8.We need no food today, we'll
dine out. 9.Being very poor, he got no education. 10.Ted
bought no flowers for Tracey, as he was still angry with her.
11.1 have got no time for sport now. 12.Simon has no money,
no job, and no family to support him. 13.No politician is com-
pletely honest. H.There's no bread left. 15.We met no police-
men in the park. 16.There's no sense in making people un-
happy. 17.1 have no brother or sister. 18.He has given us no
advice on the matter. 19.1 am no expert on electronics. 20.It
makes no sense.
75

§ 2. ОПРЕДЕЛЕННЫЙ АРТИКЛЬ
Упражнение 37. Прочитайте, переведите и запомните предложе-
ния с определенным артиклем.
1.- What's the weather like today? - Just fine.
2.- What's the trouble? - No trouble at all. 3.- What's the
hurry? — There's no hurry. 4.— What's the panic? - There's
no panic. 5.— What's the rush? — There's no rush.
6.- What's the date? - The first of April. 7.- What's the de-
lay? - There's no delay. 8.- What's the matter? - There's
nothing the matter. 9.What's the time? 10.What day is it to-
day? 11.Where is the file?
Упражнение 38. Дайте множественное число следующих суще-
ствительных согласно образцу:
Образец:а train — trains, an aunt — aunts,
the ant — the ants, the bag — the bags.
an album
a lottery
a ton
an age
a tale
the forest
a watch
a wife
the camera
the attractions
the man
the news
the day
a lily
the promise
a potato
a bakery
a crossword
a woman
a block
an insect
the match
a coworker
a dress
the century
the article
the kid
the sonhet
a candy
a code
the winter
Упражнение 39. Измените предложения согласно образцу:
Образец:1 have a new watch. — / have new watches.
The watch is very good. - The watches are very good.
l.A child has a special relationship with animals.
2.The child looks like his father. 3.A hammock is perfect
for relaxing in the garden in summer. 4.The woman is an
expert on computer programs. 5.A pet can have a positive
effect on both your mental and physical health. 6.The man
76

is definitely trying to do his best. 7.A powerful, efficient
shower is a real pleasure in summer. 8.The shower is out of
order again. 9.A provision market is held on Tuesdays, Fri-
days and Saturdays. 10.The provision market is closed. It's
Monday today. 11. Everyone likes a good barbecue on
a sunny day. 12.The barbecue was a success. 13.A strict
vegetarian can make a meal out of greens and vegetables.
H.The vegetarian refused to have the meat course. 15.The
flower is so sweet. 16.It's good news. 17.A tailor usually
measures you for a new suit.
Упражнение 40. Прочитайте и переведите предложения, обращая
внимание на ситуативно обусловленное употребление определен-
ного артикля.
l.The atmosphere was tranquil in the house, it being
Sunday. 2.The gang were chasing him again. 3.The shop will
be opening soon. It's going to be a boutique. 4.The police re-
ceived a bomb-threat at 6.15 p.m., and arrived at the scene
six minutes later. The cinema had already been evacuated
and the adjoining streets cordoned off. 5.By the time he got
back, the mail had arrived. 6.The idea had never entered his
mind, but it turned out to be a simple one. 7.We need money
badly to pay the bills. 8.The car was a complete write-off af-
ter the crash. 9.1 forgot to wind the alarm clock last night.
lO.You'll do it tomorrow, won't you? Monday is the dead-
line. 1 l.The cottage was easy to find, just off the main road.
12.When does the postman call at your place? 13.You are
not very talkative today, Hugh. What's the matter? H.The
museum was closed because of staff strike. 15.The work is
well done. 16.The police caught the thief red-handed.
17.The detective stood motionless behind the door waiting
for the assailant. 18.She took the money out of the till and
put it in the safe. 19.The politician didn't answer the report-
er's question as it was too personal. 20.Could you look after
the dog while I'm away?
77

Упражнение 41. Употребите артикль с существительными, значе-
ние которых определяется ситуацией.
1.What's ... matter? Have you lost ... keys again?
2.What's ... date today? Where's ... calendar? 3.What's
... time? I've left ... watch at home. 4.Describe ... situation to
us, will you? 5.Put... dictionary in its place. 6.- Are you going
to lay ... table? — Yes, but where is... table-cloth? 7.1 think we
must put ... fridge in the corner. 8.Where are ... tickets?
... performance begins in half an hour. 9.- Clean ... carpet. -
But... vacuum-cleaner is out of order. 10.We accepted ... invi-
tation with great pleasure. 11.Water ... flowers, ... water is in
the jug. 12.Switch on ... light, ... light is very bad here. 13.Iron
... dress, will you? ... party begins very soon. 14.Look through
... papers and tell me ... latest news. 15. ... officer brought val-
uable information. 16. ... remark was not to the point.
17.From ... window she could watch ... gardener cutting
... grass. 18.Have you done ... washing? 19. ... girl seems to be
intelligent. 20.Would you like to read ... book? Everybody says
... book is great.
Упражнение 42. Вставьте в пропуски артикль, если это необходи-
мо. Перескажите сказку.
Fox, Hare and Cock
There was once ... fox and ... hare. ... fox had ... house of
ice, ... hare ... house of wood. Spring came and melted ... fox's
house, while ... hare's stood firm and strong. So ... fox asked
... hare if she could come in to warm herself and then drove
him out. ... hare went down ... road crying, and met... dog, who
asked, "Wuff, wuff, wuff! Why are you crying?" "Who wouldn't
cry in my place? I had ... wooden house and ... fox is living in it
now." "Don't cry, ... hare," barked ... dog. "I'll chase her out."
But nothing came of it, and ... hare went on his way cry-
ing. This time he met ... bear who promised to help him, but
didn't manage to do it. Once more ... poor animal went on his
way crying bitterly and met ... ox who asked, "Why are you
78

crying?" "Leave me alone, ... ox! Who wouldn't cry? I had
... wooden house, while ... fox had one of ice. She invited her-
self into mine and drove me out." "Come with me, I'll chase
her out." But ... ox wasn't a success either.
Some time later ... hare met ... cock with ... scythe.
"Cock-a-doodle-doo! Why are you crying, ...hare?" ... cock
listened to ... whole story and then they went up to ... house.
"I have ... sharp scythe and I can cut you, fox, in two,"
... cock crowed. ... fox rushed out of... door and ... cock ran
after her till she disappeared in ... wood behind ... house. So
... hare and ... cock lived together happily ever after.
Упражнение 43. Вставьте в пропуски необходимый артикль.
l.Pass me ... bread, please. I like ... rye bread. 2.Put
... kettle on the fire. We'd like ... hot tea. 3.How much is ... dic-
tionary? Is it ... expensive book? 4.Where are ... children?
They've gone for .. walk. 5.Shall I really buy ... coat? Isn't it
too long? 6.Look at ,.. girl. She is like a calendar picture.
7.- Where did you get ... cat from? - From ... friend. 8.1s
... water filtered? Can I use it? 9.1 can't say that I enjoyed
... film. lO.Shall I warm up ... soup? — No, I'll have it as it is.
11.Where is ... money? — I've no ... idea. 12.May I have a look
at ... ring, please? 13.Ted, you'll have to rewrite ... test, I'm
afraid. 14.Have you understood ... rule, children? 15.Thank you
for ... invitation, we'll be there. 16.We like ... song. It will be
... hit. 17.Pm sorry, but I don't remember ... address. 18.Here
is ,.. book, you can keep it for ... week. 19.It's getting dark.
Turn on ... light, please. 20.- Well, where shall we keep .„ dog?
- In the yard. 21.You should iron out .,. creases in that dress.
22.George is wearing ,.. blue and red striped tie I gave him.
Упражнение 44. Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложения.
Объясните употребление артиклей со словами (the) other - (the) others.
1.Teaching is a profession that creates all others. 2.1've
got other things to think about. З.Не had his papers in one
79

hand, his hat in the other. 4."Oh, look," he cried, "there go
the other children." 5.Remember the golden rule: "Do to
others what you would like them to do to you." 6.Only two of
the class passed the driving test, the others will have to take it
a second time. 7.He sat far away from the others. 8.I'm tired
of working for others. 9.Have you forgotten what happened
the other day? lO.On the one hand, the idea is not bad; on the
other, I doubt if it will work. 11.We read the three books, one
after the other. 12.The boxer in the dark trunks is sure to win.
He's much better than the other one. 13.My friend is very
much interested in UFOs and other unexplained phenomena.
14.No other place in the world can compare to my native
town. 15.Those who are not without faults themselves, should
not blame others. 16.The grass is always greener on the other
side of the road.
Упражнение 45. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необходимо.
1.1 don't like pizza. Have you got... other things to eat?
2.The two friends shook hands, each happy to see ... other.
3.Move it to ... other end of the room. 4.Don't tire ... other
people with your problems. 5.1 shall wait until ... others come
back. 6.He had two sons, one a baby, ... other a boy of ten.
7.The bus stop is on ... other side of the street. 8.What was...
other thing you asked me to do? 9.Some people are less sensi-
tive than ... others. 10.1 only hope no one is using ... other lift
at the moment. 11.The two boys are so naughty. One con-
stantly enjoys teasing ... other. 12.It's not for you to judge
what's best for ... other people. 13.Nobody else was in the
garden. ... others were inside the house. 14.This book is about
two very different sisters. One is reserved, ... other wildly ro-
mantic.
Упражнение 46. Переведите.
LЛучший способ помочь себе — это помочь другим.
2.Учиться у других — это закон жизни* З.Если ты не уме-
80

ешь слушать других людей, то никогда ничему не на-
учишься^4)Сегодня мы решили две проблемы. Остальные
могут подождать до завтра. 5.Не говори ничего осталь-
ным, когда они вернутся. 6.У меня две подруги. Одна
очень романтичная, другая очень прагматичная. 7.Одна
перчатка здесь, а где же другая? 8.Они встречались на
днях. 9.Каких еще современных художников вы можете
назвать? 10.Двое студентов нашей группы уже сдали экза-
мен, остальные еще нет. 11.Некоторые люди любят яркие
цвета, другие предпочитают спокойные тона. 12.В доме
две ванные комнаты. Одна внизу, другая наверху. 13.Ка-
кой ты рассеянный! У тебя в одно ухо входит, а из другого
выходит. 14. Один башмак хорошо сидит, а другой жмет.
15.Мне совершенно безразлично, что говорят другие.
16.У других всегда все лучше. 17.Близнецы так похожи,
что трудно отличить одного от другого
Упражнение 47. Переведите.
1.Вам понравилось представление? 2.Не могли бы вы
закрыть окно? З.Я посмотрел на картину и решил купить
ее. 4.— Где инструкция к стиральной машине? — Она в сти-
ральной машине. 5.Не хотели бы вы взглянуть на проект?
б.Собачка ждет вас у двери. Впустите ее. 7.— Как тебе нра-
вится платье? — Это фантастика! 8.Он всегда сообщает нам
о последних событиях. 9.— Сколько вы заплатили за шам-
пунь? - Один фунт. 10. Пожалуйста, подберите газеты с
пола и положите их рядом с телефоном. П.—Какая сегодня
погода? - Погода великолепная, день чудесный. 12.— Где
дети? - Они пошли на прогулку. 13.Поставь чайник на
плиту и вскипяти воду. 14.Боюсь, мы не можем изменить
ситуацию. 15.В чем дело? Почему ты так расстроен? 16.Я
скоро закончу письмо и поеду в офис. 17.Посмотри на цве-
ты, разве они не красивы? 18.Лифт не работает (out of
order), нам придется вызвать механика. 19.Им понадобил-
ся год, чтобы перестроить дом.
81

Упражнение 48. Прочитайте и переведите предложения, обращая
внимание на употребление определенного артикля с существи-
тельным, которое ранее упоминалось в тексте.
l.Make a wish, and I promise that the wish will come
true. 2.Today I woke up with a headache and an earache. The
headache is from not getting much sleep again. The earache is
from swimming in the swimming pool. З.Не was cradling
a briefcase in his lap. The briefcase looked stuffed with papers.
4. She bought a pair of gloves, but one of the gloves was torn.
5.There were rows of books on the shelves. The books looked
much used. 6.Simon met Lora in the club. The girl turned out
to be a friend of a friend. 7.He brought a new film to the fes-
tival. The film became a sensation. 8 John hired a new work-
er. The man had come from Italy. 9.— We've got a dog and
a cat. — Does the dog like the cat? — They are great friends.
10.— Have you got a ruler that I can borrow? — I've got
a plastic one. But the wooden one is broken. — Well, lend me
the plastic one then, please. 11.- Why is the earth hottest at
the equator? — Because it is the part of the earth that is closest
to the sun.
Упражнение 49. Вставьте в пропуски необходимый артикль.
1.1 have ... family. ... family is not big, but friendly.
2.This is ... wonderful car. ... car is my brother's. 3.Jane
bought... dictionary. She paid much for ... book. 4.The police-
man saw ... strange man near the bank. He recognized
... man. 5.It's ... beautiful flower. I am sure, Mary left... flow-
er here. 6.They arrived at ... very old house. ... house looked
dark and unfriendly. 7.What ... funny little dog! Is ... dog
yours? 8.Once upon a time there lived ... greedy king. ... king
was not popular. 9.They found ... cottage in the forest. Not
... sound came from ... house. 10.They entered ... old-fash-
ioned room and in ... room there sat a strange figure. 11.Long
ago there lived ... magician. ... magician was clever and kind.
12.One day Molly found ... old book in the library. She found
82

... wonderful story in ... book. 13.We were having ... interest-
ing talk, but somebody came and interrupted ... talk. 14.He
has ... wonderful chance, but I'm not sure if he will use
... chance. 15.We saw ... comedy yesterday, but ... film was so
boring! 16.The children got into ... difficult situation. They did
their best to solve ... difficulty. 17.There are ... exotic animals
in the Zoo. Many people come to look at ... animals. 18 Judy
has... three small children. Every morning she takes ... kids to
her parents. 19.1 can't understand ... text; ... language is very
difficult. 20. — What do you think of... director? — Personally I
can't stand ... woman.
Упражнение 50. Вставьте в пропуски артикль, если это необходимо.
Little Mouse
Once ... mouse family lived under ... floor of ... play-
room. There was... mother mouse and ... father mouse. There
was ... big sister mouse called Mousikin and ... baby brother
mouse called Little Mouse.
They had .. pleasant mouse-hole with two doors. One
door opened into ... toy cupboard in ... play-room. ... other
opened into ... long hall. Mother and father mouse ran down
... long hall at night searching for ... crumbs or went into
... kitchen to steal ... cheese. Mousikin was sometimes allowed
to go into ... toy cupboard. But Little Mouse was too small to
go anywhere. How he longed to see ... world outside!
"What is... world like? Is it strange? Is it exciting? What
smells are there in the world, Mousikin?" "It is very strange
there," said ... sister. "The world is a lot of shelves one on top
of... other. The world smells of ... dust and ... old toys and
... books."
"What are ... books, Mousikin?" "Books are all sizes and
colours. You turn ... pages and look at ... pictures. You grow
wise and clever." "What does it mean to be wise, Mousikin?"
"It means to know all sorts of things. It means to know why
... cheese smells so nice and how to tie ... bell around ... neck
83

of ... cat. It means to know how to bake ... bread or sing
... song, or to know where ... sugar comes from."
"Is it good to be wise, ... sister?" "It is ... best thing in
the world. That is why I am teaching myself to read. I can
read 'A is for Apple, В is for Bear'. I can read ... long words
too." Little Mouse thought for ... moment. "Will you tell me
... new words which you learn, Mousikin? Then I will be wise
too. I will be ... wisest Little Mouse in the world."
Then one day Mousikin saw ... picture in ... book. It was
... picture of... huge monster, bigger than ... cat, bigger than
... dog, bigger even than ... rocking-horse. It was ... Bronto-
saurus. "Actually, ... word is longer than I am," cried Little
Mouse. He said ... name over and over to himself. He felt
happy that he could pronounce such ... long word easily and
smiled ... mouse smile. "I am so happy I feel as if all ... world
is ... cheese," he said.
{after Margaret Mahy)
Упражнение 51. А. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необхо-
димо.
Ben's mother sent him to ... shop to buy ... rice, ... fish
and ... bread. She also told him to get ... salt, ... sugar and
... vegetables. When he got back home with ... purchases, his
mother was dissatisfied. "Look at ... products, Ben," she said.
"... fish isn't fresh, ... rice is old and full of weevils and
... bread is stale. There are ... lumps in ... salt, ... vegetables are
not fresh and ... sugar is dirty. ... food is expensive and now I'll
have to throw away some of ... things you've bought. Next
time be more careful, Ben!"
В. Переведите.
1.Это рис. Рис слишком твердый. 2.Это песок. Пе-
сок чистый. З.Это тост. Тост подгорел. 4.Это соль. Соль
мелкая (fine). 5.Это джем. Джем густой. 6.Это чернила.
Чернила красные. 7.Это вода. Вода чистая. 8.Это мине-
84

ральная вода. Вода газированная. 9.Это золото. Золото
темное. 10.Это сталь. Сталь высокого качества. 11.Это
чай. Чай крепкий. 12.Это молоко. Молоко кислое. 13.Это
мед. Мед слишком сладкий. 14.Это квартира. Квартира
большая. 15.Это железо. Железо ржавое. 16.Это фрукты.
Фрукты очень красивые.
*С. Коммуникативное задание.
Обсудите с друзьями, что вам необходимо купить
для пикника.
Упражнение 52. Переведите.
1.Это хорошие книги. Сколько ты заплатил за кни-
ги? 2.Прибывают гости. Гости уже в доме. З.В городе есть
спортивный центр. Центр открыт круглосуточно. 4.Я хо-
тел бы купить английскую газету. Эта газета очень инте-
ресная. 5.Это деревянный стол. Этот стол сделан из дере-
ва. 6.Это горький шоколад. Шоколад темный. 7.У меня
новая шляпка. Эта шляпка очень модная. 8.Нам нужен
новый телевизор. Новый телевизор должен быть малень-
ким. 9.Я нашел для тебя нового учителя. Этот учитель
очень компетентный. 10.Это итальянские макароны. Ма-
кароны слишком длинные. 11.Это странные новости. Кто
может объяснить эти новости? 12.Я купила тебе новый
портфель. Портфель большой и легкий. 13.У нашего сосе-
да есть обезьянка. Эта обезьянка очень смешная. Н.Джон
и Кейт поймали бабочку. Дети посмотрели на бабочку и
отпустили ее.
Упражнение 53. Прочитайте следующие предложения, имеющие
переносные значения. Найдите их русские эквиваленты.
l.He broke the ice. 2.He got the sack. З.Не put the
clock back. 4.He took the bait. 5.He buried the hatchet. 6.He
showed the flag. 7.He's on the war path. 8.The fat is in the
fire. 9.He hit the nail on the head. 10.It kept the wolf from
85

the door. 11.That's the crux of the matter. 12.Who let the cat
out of the bag? 13.The game is not worth the candle. H.He
set the ball rolling.
Упражнение 54. Найдите значение следующих фраз и составьте
предложения с ними.
l.to give somebody the boot 2.at the crack of dawn 3.to
be on the beat 4.in the flick of an eyelash 5.to be on the tip of
one's tongue 6.At the drop of a hat 7.that's water under the
bridge now 8.to hit the mark 9.to be as different as chalk and
cheese lO.to have a soft spot for something ll.to know some-
thing like the back of one's palm 12.in the long run 13.to put
the cart before the horse H.to come straight from the horse's
mouth 15.not to look a gift horse in the mouth
Упражнение 55. А. Переведите.
1.Чтобы быть здоровыми, мы должны пить воду.
2.Выпей воду из этого стакана. 3.Маленькие дети пьют мо-
локо каждый день. 4.Не пейте молоко, оно кислое. 5.Упот-
ребляйте мясо два-три раза в неделю. В нем есть протеин.
6.Съешьте мясо, которое лежит на тарелке. 7.Рис - основ-
ная еда китайцев, японцев, вьетнамцев. 8.Свари рис, кото-
рый я оставила на столе. 9.Я люблю пить сок в жаркую по-
году. Ю.Сок слишком сладкий, он мне не нравится. 11.Мы
не можем готовить без соли. 12.Соль необходима для здо-
ровья. 13.Передай мне сахар, пожалуйста. 14.Я редко ем
кашу по утрам, хотя и знаю, что каша полезна. 15.Каша
опять подгорела. 16.Я не люблю кофе, предпочитаю чай
или сок. 17.Кофе слишком горячий и крепкий.
В. Коммуникативное задание.
Обсудите с друзьями, что вы едите на завтрак, обед
и ужин. Обсудите различные диеты и системы питания.
Придерживаетесь ли вы их?
86

Упражнение 56. Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложе-
ния. Объясните случаи употребления определенного артикля в
них.
l.The secret of my success is finding the right people at
the right moment. 2.The main street of the village was deser-
ted, it being four o'clock in the afternoon. 3.Look at the mess
you've made on the carpet. 4.The only sensible thing to do is
to keep a cool head. 5.Nelly peeled off the gloves she had
worn for driving. 6.Which is yours? The suitcase on the floor
or the one on the shelf? 7.Thank you for all the good things
you've done for me. 8.They still haven't caught the lion that
escaped from London Zoo. The police are looking for it.
9.1 learnt a lot in the last few months. lO.We didn't tell him
the whole truth for fear of discouraging him. 11. Most of the
shops were empty except for a few late shoppers. 12.The
roommate I once thought of as a fruitcake is the candidate to
be our next Secretary of State. 13.She had no intention of
buying anything new the next few years. H.Emma's mind was
crowded with thoughts. Thoughts of the family she had
raised, the dynasty she had created. 15.The money which the
publisher promised was very good, but the man had an unsa-
voury reputation. 16.Let me say that London cab drivers are,
without question, the finest in the world. They're trustworthy,
safe, generally friendly, always polite. 17.He is the last of the
Mohicans. 18.The firm I'm working for is in the centre of the
city.
Упражнение 57. Вставьте в пропуски необходимый артикль, обра-
щая внимание на уточняющие (ограничивающие) определения.
l.Who was ... first teacher you had at school? 2.This is
... suit John bought in Paris. 3.1t was... moment I'll never for-
get. 4.Here is ... present you have been dreaming of. 5.Meet
Mike. He is ... man I told you about. 6.The Hermitage is
... richest museum in Russia. 7.Young people like to walk in
... centre of Moscow. 8. ... whole group passed the exam
87

successfully. 9.You are ... whole world to me. 10.This is
... thing you must do now. 11.If you take ... left turn, you'll get
to ... right place. 12.Detroit is ... sixth largest city in the USA.
13.My mother is ... main person in my life. 14.- Are you
... next to speak? — I am ... last one. 15.We have ... same inter-
ests, though we are different. 16.Who was ... man who invent-
ed television? 17.The watchman was... last to leave the build-
ing. 18.This is ... job (that) you applied for. 19. ... only child
usually gets more attention and care. 20.If you go for ... next
interview, you'll get ... vacancy which you need so badly.
21.In ... deepest waters is ... best fish. 22. ... longest day comes
to an end. 23.Yours is ... only opinion I really trust. 24.You
must face ... truth about yourself.
Упражнение 58. А. Вставьте в пропуски артикль, если это необхо-
димо.
Baba Yaga
Once upon ... time there lived ... man and woman who
had an only daughter. When his wife died, ... man took ano-
ther. But ... wicked stepmother took ... dislike to ... girl, beat
her hard and wanted to get rid of her forever. One day ... fa-
ther went off for ... month and ... stepmother said to ... girl,
"Go to my sister and ask her for ... needle and ... thread to
sew you ... blouse." ... aunt was actually ... Baba Yaga, the
bony witch.
Now, ... little girl was not stupid and she first went to
her own aunt for ... advice. ... aunt gave her ... very good ad-
vice. "My dear niece, you will find ... birch-tree that will lash
your face; you must tie it with ... ribbon. You will find ... gates,
that will creak and bang; you must pour ... oil on ... hinges.
You will find ... dogs that will try to rip you apart; you must
throw them ... fresh rolls. You will find ... cat that will try to
scratch your eyes out; you must give her ... piece of... ham."
... little girl went off, walked and walked and finally came to
... witch's abode.
88

There stood ... hut, and inside sat Baba Yaga, the bony
witch, spinning. "Good day, ... Auntie," said ... girl and ex-
plained what she had come for. "Good day, ... dearie,"
... witch replied. "Sit down and weave, while I go and fetch
... things you need," Baba Yaga said. ... girl sat at... loom, and
then the witch went out and told her maid, "Go and heat up
... bath-house and give my niece ... good wash; I want to eat
her for breakfast."
В. Расскажите сказку до конца.
Упражнение 59. Прочитайте и переведите предложения, обращая
особое внимание на перевод выделенных фраз.
1.Lee's latest projects won all the first prizes. 2.This
leaflet gives the latest advice on where to wine and to dine.
З.ТЪе latest result is that we're on the market. 4.You can get
the latest golfing accessories in this shop. 5.This firm presents
the latest equipment from around the world. 6.At this centre
they teach you the essentials of the latest lifestyle ideas. 7.The
staff are discussing the latest business news. 8.The latest epi-
sode upset all of us. 9.His latest efforts bore some fruit. lO.The
latest findings of the parliamentary group produced accurate
figures. 11.How do you like the latest trend in hair styling -
African braids? 12.He wants to buy the latest tennis accesso-
ries. 13.Now tell me about all your latest lady friends and the
exciting parties you've been to. 14.This magazine keeps me
abreast of the latest trends in language teaching and learning.
^Упражнение 60. Объясните употребление артиклей с выделен-
ными словами.
l.This copy of the map is a second edition. 2.A fourth
aircraft was sent to the Gulf Stream. 3.The applicants were
invited for a second interview. 4.A third language will be inclu-
ded into the curriculum next year. 5.Women possess a curious
89

sixth sense about men. 6.We went over the same procedure
a second and a third time. 7.Would you like a second helping
of pie? 8.The second cup of tea I'll have without sugar. 9.The
young people met at a first night party. 10.There is always
a first time. ll.A "first love" is never forgotten. 12.Mine is
a second generation computer. 13.She gave the shop a final
glance - everything was in perfect order. 14.That's what
a best friend is for. 15.Harry turned back for a last look at the
house. 16.On that same day, someone had a twenty-fourth
birthday.
Упражнение 61. Переведите.
{Грткройте страницу двадцать один, найдите упраж-
нение шесть и прочитайте четвертое предложение. 2.Ком-
ната тринадцать находится на четвертом этаже. 3.- Что
идет по седьмому каналу? — Не знаю, я смотрю «Пятый
элемент» по четвертой программистом Браун - победи-
тель «Формулы-2». 5.— Откуда отправляется рейс 47? —
Второй терминал направо. 6.Ваше место в третьем салоне,
А13. 7.Пятая полоса свободна, можем ехать по ней.
8.Дело 138 слушается в восьмом зале. 9.Больной нахо-
дится в палате №6. ((ГО)"~" В группе четырнадцать студен-
тов. — Но присутствует тринадцать. Где же четырнадца-
тый? — Он болен. 11.Я всегда стою первым, потому что я
самый высокий в команде. 12.Сейчас эта книга - бестсел-
лер номер один в Англии. 13.Я на седьмом небе от счас-
тья. 14.Кейт держит магазин на Пятьдесят Седьмой улице
15.Я всегда делаю покупки в «Седьмом Континенте».
16.— Ты видел фильм «Брат-2»? - Нет, но я видел «Рем-
бо-2». 17.Этот театр ставит сейчас пьесу В.Шекспира
«Двенадцатая Ночь». 18.Сегодня в программе фильм
«Пятый угол». 19.Последние новости таковы, что агент
007 прибыл. 20.Добавьте пятую гвоздику, чтобы было не-
четное число. 21.На памятнике Петру Первому в Санкт-
Петербурге написано: «Екатерина Первая — Петру Перво-
90

му». 22. В третьем номере журнала «Караван» можно про-
читать последние (свежие) сведения о некоторых извест-
ных людях. 23.Я только что прослушал последние ново-
сти, и самое последнее сообщение было о наступающих
холодах. 24.Последняя статья в этом журнале посвящена
последним (новейшим) компьютерным технологиям.
25.Сейчас я читаю очень интересный роман Метьюз «Да-
вай встретимся на платформе восемь».
'Упражнение 62. Переведите.
1.Привычка — вторая натура. 2.Наши студенты на-
чинают учить второй иностранный язык на втором курсе.
З.Учти, третьей возможности у него не будет. 4.Мои дру-
зья и коллеги стали для меня второй семьей. 5.Боюсь, что
вам придется сдавать экзамен во второй раз. 6. Он же-
нился в четвертый раз и очень успешно. 7.Не хватает де-
вятой страницы. 8.Ученый провел первый, второй, тре-
тий, четвертый эксперимент, но получил те же результа-
ты. 9.В жизни каждого есть первая любовь. 10.Они позна-
комились на премьере. И.Три года спустя у него родился
второй сын. 12.В возрасте пятидесяти лет Дэвид получил
второе образование. 13.Она мне вторая мать. 14.Третья
группа спасателей была отправлена в район землетрясе-
ния. 15.Он купил билет первого класса.
Упражнение 63. Объясните употребление артикля с выделенными
словами.
l.My father threw a second raisin into the clearing
... then a third... and a forth... and a fifth. 2."I speak for the
syndicate, I see no reason for a third party." - "You will in a
minute." 3."Good enough," said Dick, looking round the large
room that took up a third of a top story in the rickety chambers
overlooking the Thames. 4. ... I have found a second shop in
the village, a sort of ironmonger's, in the row of cottages be-
hind the pub. 5.Some time just after my "Bad Patch" we met at
91

a first night party. 6.Two girls were indeed young, about eleven
and ten. The third was perhaps seventeen. 7.June walked
straight up to her former friend, kissed her cheek, and the two
settled down on a sofa. 8.The letter bored him, and when it was
followed the next day by another, and the day after by a third,
he began to worry. 9."Miss Luce will be a second mother to the
children," she said. 10.1 have never mentioned her to him
though I may once have dropped a hint about a "first love".
11.At the bus stop two dark-haired women, arm in arm, com-
plained loudly to each other about a third.
^Упражнение 64. Переведите.
1.Самые высокие в мире вершины находятся в Азии.
2.А теперь мы собираемся обсудить сведения, которые мы
получили вчера. З.Все здания в этом городе построены в
одном и том же стиле. 4.Мне нравятся подарки, которые я
получил на Рождество. 5.Это самый лучший комплимент,
который я когда-либо получала. 6.А это — трон королевы
Великобритании. 7.Почта находится на противоположной
стороне улицы. 8.Вы именно тот человек, который нам ну-
жен. 9.Извините, но вы идете в неправильном направле-
нии. Ю.Она единственная девушка, на которой он хотел бы
жениться. 11.Рейс №102 из Бонна прибывает вовремя.
12.Все люди надеются на лучшее. 13.Самая большая про-
блема - это мое здоровье. Н.Бен рассказал нам следую-
щую историю. 15.Не могу поверить новостям, которые вы
мне только что рассказали. 16.Давайте поговорим об этом
на следующем занятии. 17.Студенты, которых она учит,
делают большие успехи. 18.Расскажите мне о стране, кото-
рую только что посетили. 19.У тебя ошибка в третьем абза-
це, в предложении номер восемь. 2О.Английский, на кото-
ром мы говорим сегодня, это не английский начала века.
21.Это было последней каплей. 22.Моя мама всегда стара-
ется найти ключ к каждому из нас. 23.Он оказался нужным
человеком в нужный момент.
92

Упражнение 65. Прочитайте текст и перескажите его.
This George Keller, an immigrant from Hungary, is driving
me insane. Barely two months in America, he's studying like a
maniac for all his courses. When I wake up at 8:00 a.m., he's al-
ready hard at work, having long since eaten breakfast. Geoige bor-
rowed fifty bucks from me and bought a portable recorder he takes
to every class. Now in the afternoons he plays back the lectures -
and sometimes not just once — till he practically knows them by
heart. Lots are in Russian. Which may be great for him, but makes
me feel like I'm suddenly living in the Kremlin.
Now here's a shocker. I have no idea what time he goes
to bed. In fact, I have the sneaking suspicion that the guy
doesn't sleep at all! And I had this really weird experience late
the other night.
After a hard session of drinking at the Pore, nature
obliged me to get up at around 2:00 a.m. As I was standing in
the John taking care of my needs, I suddenly heard this ghost-
ly voice emanating from the shower, saying things like, "be-
gin-began-begun, bite-bit-bitten, sing-sang-sung".
I called out to George, but, instead of answering me di-
rectly, he simply went on rehearsing his verbs.
Then I pulled back the shower curtain. There he was,
naked except for his new a la mode jockey shorts, holding an
English grammar. He barely noticed me as he droned on,
hammering new words into his head.
I warned him that he'd drive himself to death. To which
he replied, "Drive-drove-driven".
I went to the sink, picked up a glass of cold water, and
poured it over his head. He shivered and looked at me with-
comatose astonishment, then ripped the curtain from my
hand, slammed it closed, and continued his verbal gymnastics.
"Show-showed-shown, speak-spoke-spoken."
I shut the bathroom door behind me so that at least I could
have some place, staggered back to my bed, and went to sleep.
Or, as George would have put it, sleep-slept-slept.
93

^Упражнение 66. Вставьте в пропуски необходимый артикль.
LShe has papers everywhere: on ... table, on ... floor, in
... kitchen and even in ... bathroom. 2.Let's take the children
to ... circus on Sunday morning. З.Не was born in ... small
Siberian village. 4.1 got into ... plane for my first flight. 5.If
you look at ... sky, you'll see a lot of stars. 6.Shall we meet at
... library? 7.She lay on ... sofa listening to pop music. 8.She
works in ... bank in ... centre of... city. 9.In summer she likes
to have tea in ... garden. 10.He keeps his car in ... street.
11.Susan rents... top half of the house. 12.He lives in ... small
town in Alaska. 13.There are not many holidays on ... calen-
dar this year. H.They came to ... beach and swam in ... sea.
15.He usually has dinner in ... cheap restaurants. 16.There is
something for you in ... letter box. 17.1s there any special news
in ... paper? 18.Look, there is ... beautiful butterfly on ... wall.
19.There is ... music centre in ... corner to ... left of... TV-set.
20.If you turn to ... right you will soon get to ... shopping-cen-
tre. 21.You'd better not keep fruit on ... top shelf of... fridge.
22.1 found very many good expressions in ... book. 23.1 tried
this dish in ... Chinese restaurant.
Упражнение 67. А. Прочитайте текст и перескажите его.
Pussycat's Migration
Our cat, who for many years dozed in one of the arm-
chairs in our living-room, has changed her ways. Her favour-
ite couch now is the top of our television set, where, basking
in the warmth generated by the big box, she naps contentedly,
apparently unconscious of the racket the strange characters
below are making. We've checked with a couple of other cat-
and-television owners and find that her behaviour isn't excep-
tional; sleeping on top of television sets is the mode of the day
for cats. They do it even when the set is turned off, either be-
cause they're victims of habit or because they can detect some
lingering emanations of heat imperceptible to their masters.
Pussycat's migration from the armchair to the console embar-
94

rasses some of us, but from a cat's point of view it would seem
to make sense. No more lying on the floor, exposed merciless-
ly to nipping dogs, roistering children, and roaring vacuum
cleaners. Instead, a clean, secure, elevated haven in the one
blessed spot in the room from which those flickering images
are invisible.
(from a New Yorker Magazine)
В. Коммуникативное задание.
Есть ли у Вас или у Ваших родственников, друзей
домашние животные? Связано ли их поведение как-то с
наличием в доме телевизора и радио? Обсудите это в
группе.
Упражнение 68. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необходи-
мо.
I. I took ... visitor into ... parlor next door to ... dining
room. This was ... small, comfortable room, rather cozy, with
... Victorian feeling to it, ... sort of den, which we used all
... time. It was there that we watched ... television and usually
had afternoon tea and drinks in ... evening. Parky had turned
on ... lamps and started ... fire. This burned merrily in ... grate,
and ... room looked inviting. Gwen reached for ... current is-
sue of Country Life which lay on ... ottoman and sat down in
... armchair next to ... fire.
II. He examined ... lock. It was flimsy, simple. ... child
could have picked it open with ... pen-knife. In all ... years he
had lived in New York, he had never been robbed, had never
thought about ... locks. ... door was wooden, old, had been in-
stalled when ... building was put up. He would have it changed,
get one with ... steel sheath, ... unpickable lock, ... peep-hole,
and ... chain.... speaking apparatus by which you were supposed
to inquire who was below before pressing ... button, had been
broken for ... years. But neither he nor his neighbours had ever
complained and demanded that it be put in order.
95

^Упражнение 69. Ответьте на вопросы, используя приведенные
ниже слова и выражения.
Where do you go if you want to:
l.get fast food? 2.buy some vegetables? 3.have your eyes
examined? 4.buy some nails and a hammer? 5.get your hair
cut? 6.have some clothes cleaned? 7.buy some cigars and ciga-
rettes? 8.buy a wedding ring? 9.get pens, pencils, paper?
lO.buy cakes and chocolate? 11.a lot of small different things?
12.have your teeth examined? 13.buy some medicine? 14.buy
some meat? 15.buy some flowers? 16.get some information
about travelling? 17.have your watch repaired? 18.buy the
most expensive things in London? 19.have your pet examined?
20.have advice about your health?
the florist's the butcher's
the greengrocer's the supermarket
the travelling agent's McDonald's
the ironmonger's the jeweller's
Harrods the vet's
the chemist's (the drugstore) the tobacconist's
the watchmaker's the optician's
the doctor's the dentist's
the confectioner's the (dry) cleaner's
the hairdresser's (the barber's) the stationer's
Упражнение 70. Вставьте в пропуски необходимый артикль.
1. ...door flew open at once. 2. — What's ... way to ... riv-
er? — Take ... second turning to ... right. 3.Decorated in yel-
low and blue, ... rooms had ... cheerful, sunny feeling even on
... dullest of days. 4. ... two young women had attended the
Sorbonne at ... same time. 5.Those were ... happy years,
... years of our youth. 6. ... thieves scattered ... papers all over
... room while searching for ... money. 7. ... wallet was old and
cracked. He forgot how long he had had it. 8.It's ... smart res-
taurant and men have to wear ... jacket. 9.That's ... very smart
96

dress you are wearing. Is it ... new one? 10.Let me know ...
results at ... end of... day. 11.Andrew enjoyed working in ...
garden, planting ... various gardens around ... house. He dis-
covered that he had ... green fingers, something ... old man
had never known. Everything seemed to sprout under his
hands, and in no time at all he had ... rose garden, ... vegetable
patch, and ... herb garden. 12.At the competition he had to
run ... four-minute mile.
Упражнение 71. Вставьте в пропуски необходимый артикль и пе-
рескажите известную английскую сказку.
Toby's Wishing Well
Look up into ... sky! Can you see ... rainbow? At... end of
it, deep in ... wood, ... tiny magical village is appearing.
... gnomes live there; they are ... jolly little folk, who are always
busy. Lots of exciting things happen in ... village, no one is ever
bored.
High up in ... tree, lived ... mischievous magpie. His nest
was filled with things which he had stolen from ... town over
... hills: ... rings, ... teaspoons, ... coins. At ... foot of... mag-
pie's tree there was ... old flowerpot. ... stream had carried it
to ... village many years before and it had been found by
... gnome called Toby. This was very good luck for Toby as it
made ... fine new house for him. Toby was very old, in fact it
would soon be his one hundred and second birthday, but he
was strong and worked a lot.
Like ... other gnomes in the village Toby had to get all
his water from ... spring, but... place near ... spring was always
in ... mess and everybody complained about it. One day, as he
was waiting for his turn at ... spring, he had ... idea: "Perhaps
I could make some sort of well". Everyone thought it was
... marvellous idea. After ... few days of hard work Toby fin-
ished ... new well. It really did look splendid. There was even
... bucket to collect ... water in. All ... folks were very pleased
with it as it meant an end to muddy shoes.
97

Toby's 102nd birthday drew nearer and nearer. His
granddaughter, Primrose, told Toby that all ... gnomes were
pleased with ... new well. "And so they should be," replied
Toby, "After all it's ... wishing well, you know". And he
winked. Primrose did not know what to give her grandfather
on his birthday, but then she had ... idea. "If I make ... wish at
... well, it may come true", she thought and hurried to ... well.
She closed her eyes and wished, "I wish for ... present for
Grandpa!" Just as Primrose was wishing, ... magpie was flying
back from town. In his beak he was carrying ... gold pocket
watch. ... watch slipped and fell down, down through-... air
right into ... bucket of water. Primrose bent forward and
looked in: "... enormous gold watch," she exclaimed, "My
wish has come true!"
{after Jane Patiense)
§ 3. АРТИКЛИ С НЕИСЧИСЛЯЕМЫМИ ИМЕНАМИ
СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫМИ
Упражнение 72. Прочитайте следующие предложения и переве-
дите их. Объясните отсутствие артиклей перед выделенными су-
ществительными.
1.Advice to a fool is a waste of time, it goes in one ear
and out of the other. 2.Success improves character.
3.Chocolate is necessary for the brain. 4.Love and care can
change your life completely. 5.1 like warm, sunny weather.
6.Milk is good for babies. 7.Good furniture is usually made
of wood. 8.Time is money. 9.Heavy traffic is a problem in
big cities. 10.Honesty is the best policy. 11.Tony got inter-
esting work. 12.It's breaking news! 13.Fish is good for
health, because there is phosphor in it. 14.Money begins
with the hand-engraved piece of soft steel. 15.Oil and hon-
ey heal the body. 16.Nelly needs good advice and she'll get
it. 17.We usually add sour cream or oil to the salad.
18.Doctors say that sugar is white death. 19.Snow makes
98

a fairy-tale out of everything. 20. A cup of black coffee will
make a man of you. 21. Rosy has meat only once a week,
fish - twice a week. 22.Plastics come from oil. 23.Life has
taught me that in all areas of life, hard work definitely does
pay off.24.Common sense is a person's natural ability to
behave in a practical and sensible way.
Упражнение 73. Прочитайте и переведите предложения, обращая
внимание на употребление абстрактных существительных.
1.Information rules the world. 2.We hope the informa-
tion will remain secret. 3.1f advice is needed, ask one of our
staff. 4.Did you follow the advice I gave you? 5.Jackie needs
a piece of practical advice. 6.Good advice can be given; good
name cannot be given. 7.We all need news to give us some in-
terest in life. 8.The good news is that he did get an Oscar.
9.We are all hoping for good news. 10.It's the best piece of
news I could hope to hear. 11.Money is the soul of business.
And it likes to be counted. 12.They wore boots and galoshes in
wet weather. 13.He hopes there's big money in this new
business. 14.This machine doesn't give change. Please have
the right money ready. 15.Bad money always comes back.
16.The weather proved to be as good as the weatherman had
predicted. 17.We are all looking forward to warmer weather.
18.You can never tell what the weather has in store for us!
19.To recover completely, he must come back to work, but it
shouldn't be hard work. 20.Love is an ideal thing, marriage is
a real thing. 21.Breaking news is a report of immediate value.
22.Money slips through his fingers. It's like water for him.
Упражнение 74. Прочитайте, переведите и постарайтесь запом-
нить следующие лексические средства выражения единичности
некоторых неисчисляемых существительных (список не является
исчерпывающим).
a stalk of celery, a pound/cube/stick/pat of butter,
a clove of garlic, a piece/slice of toast, a piece of chocolate*,
99

a piece of candy*, a piece of meat, a piece/block/cube of ice,
a piece of jewelry, a piece of luggage, a piece of mail, a piece of
music, a kernel/an ear/a bushel of corn, a lump/cube/spoon-
ful of sugar, a scoop/dish/pint/quart of ice cream, a jar of
jam, a bar/cake of soap, ajar of jelly, a spool/piece of thread,
a ball of yarn, a jar of honey, a pinch of salt, a glass/cup/bot-
tle/carton/gallon/quart of milk.
* Can also be used as a countable noun.
Упражнение 75. Найдите средства выражения единичности неис-
числяемых существительных из правой колонки, используя слова
из левой колонки, как показано в образце:
Образец: a loaf of bread, a word of advice
La piece
2.a block
З.а bar
4.a head
5.a flock
6.a herd
7.a gang
8.a cry
9.a grain
10.a slice
11.an item
12.a word
13.an article
14.a tube
15.a flash
16.a tin
17.a jar
18.a sum
19.a breath
20.a cube
of
1.birds
2. toothpaste
3. furniture
4.advice
5. news
6. cigarettes
7.lemon
8. money
9. chocolate
10. robbers
11.cabbage
12.sheep
13.ice
14. horror
15.truth
16.lightning
17.air
18.juice
19.jam
20.cheese
100

Упражнение 76. А. Переведите.
j нас нет хлеба. Не мог бы ты купить буханку чер-
ного хлеба? 2.— Мама хочет кофе. — У меня как раз есть
баночка (кофе). З.У Майкла нет сигарет. Мне придется
пойти и купить блок. 4.- Мне хочется пить. — Как насчет
стакана минеральной воды? 5.В холодильнике нет ничего,
кроме банки сардин. 6.Осень. Стая птиц летит на юг.
7.Джон - ковбой. У него есть стадо коров. 8.Если вы в
трудной ситуации, могу дать вам один совет. 9.В этом ма-
газине вы можете выбрать любой предмет мебели. 10.Она
купила тюбик геля для волос. 11.Мы увидели вспышку
молнии. Й2Жогда ей грустно, она может съесть сразу це-
лую плитку шоколада. П.Чтобы сварить борщ, тебе пона-
добится кочан капусты. 14.Положи кубик льда в мой кок-
тейль. 15.Банда грабителей была арестована около банка.
16.Она вскрикнула от ужаса, когда увидела привидение.
17.Давай выйдем, чтобы глотнуть свежего воздуха.
18.В его словах есть зерно истины. 19.Деньги любят счет.
Их трудно зарабатывать.
В. Составьте список (a shopping-list) того, что вы купили бы для
приема гостей.
Упражнение 77. Прочитайте текст и перескажите его.
The Weather Is Still Our Master
Mark Twain once said: "The weather is always doing
something... always getting up new designs and trying them on
the people to see how they will go."
Weather is blue skies, and puffy white clouds; torrential
rains with gale force winds; twisters; flashes of lighting; or
snow gently falling to the ground. The weather is the state of
the atmosphere at any given time, it is experienced everywhere
on Earth, it varies considerably from place to place, day to
day, and season to season.
101

The long-term look at the weather in a place or region,
the averaging of rainfall, the maximum and minimum temper-
atures is called climate. Climate in addition to the "Averages"
in the weather also includes the occurrences and frequencies
of "extremes" in the weather which alter weather patterns
globally.
Weather extremes will also affect the global economy:
droughts will decrease crop yields, causing prices to rise and
starvation. Fish migrations will be disrupted, and damage to
coral reefs will reduce marine life and hinder those dependent
on its ecosystems for their livelihood.
Volcanic eruptions can also have an effect on world cli-
mate. Although not a frequent occurrence, they emit huge
quantities of gases and fine debris into the atmosphere causing
short-term effects on the weather.
Упражнение 78. А. Прочитайте и переведите текст, обращая вни-
мание на выделенные слова и выражения. Объясните употребле-
ние артиклей.
Is the Weather Driving You Crazy?
There is no doubt about it. As a nation we are obsessed
by the weather. We all know that our spirits soar or sink under
the influence of it, but some experts believe there's more to
our favourite topic of conversation than mere small talk. Now
there is increasing evidence that the weather can also affect
the way we behave.
The weather is still our master. It often affects our life
and can be annoying and dangerous. Good weather creates
a feeling of well-being and makes us glad to be alive.
Susan Lloyd is TV's weather reporter and when she is
under the weather and feels depressed, she takes an "away-
from-it-all-holidayn and heads for the place of her cottage,
set on a hilltop. She loves gardening - she's out in her garden
in all weathers. Susan enjoys walking in the nearest forest,
and come rain or shine she would be there, especially in mush-
room weather.
102

*В. Коммуникативное задание.
Обсудите с друзьями, действует ли на вас погода и
каким образом. Используйте выделенные в предыдущем
тексте слова и выражения.
Упражнение 79. А. Объясните разницу между следующими пара-
ми слов.
1.glass — a glass 2.paper - a paper 3.wood — a wood
4.iron - an iron 5.coffee - a coffee 6.cloth - a cloth 7.rubber -
a rubber 8.1amb - a lamb 9.1anguage — a language lO.tin — a tin
ll.study — a study 12.1ight — a light 13.duck — a duck 14.gold —
a gold 15.play - a play 16.thought - a thought
B. Составьте восклицательные предложения по образцу:
Образец: good advice - What good advice!
good idea - What a good idea!
1. terrible weather — terrible climate
2. heavy luggage — heavy suitcase
3. elegant clothes — elegant dress
4. heavy rainfall - heavy shower
5. healthy cow — healthy cattle
6. awful rubbish — awful mess
7. clever people — clever person
8. difficult job - difficult work
9. fresh bread — fresh loaf
10. delicious food — delicious meal
11. horrible song — horrible music
12. tough beef — tough steak
C. Подойдите к окну и опишите, что вы видите (назовите по
меньшей мере семь исчисляемых и семь неисчисляемых суще-
ствительных, используя слова из предыдущего упражнения).
Образец:/ see that it's bad weather today.
We really have a bad climate.
103

Упражнение 80. Объясните разницу в употреблении артиклей с
вьщеленными существительными в следующих парах предложе-
ний.
1.Helen, would you like to have toast with your tea? I'd
like to propose a toast to Mr.Baker for all the help he's giving
me. 2.When Susan was in hospital, she had to stay in bed all
day. It was a single room, so I slept on the floor, and she slept
in the bed. 3.1 like cappuccino coffee. She ordered a cappucci-
no. 4.My father has an understanding heart. Especially when
it comes to the matters of the heart. 5.Iron is used in making
steel. An iron is used for pressing clothes. 6.1 need some
change from my routine life. There's been a sudden change in
the weather this week. 7.Time is a human concept. We were
having a lazy time on the beach. 8.Education is the best in-
vestment. Becoming a doctor requires a lengthy education.
9.Knowledge comes to us through our senses. He is a person
with a real knowledge of income-tax-legislation. 10.Success
comes in cans, not in cannots. What a success! Congratula-
tions! Success is never blamed.
Упражнение 81. Переведите.
1.— Какие последние новости? — Они очень интерес-
ные. 2.Новости есть новости, и мы не можем без них жить.
З.Все эти новости очень важны для нас. 4.Что такое ново-
сти и как их собирают? 5.Есть одна новость, которую хоте-
лось бы обсудить. б.Осторожнее! Такая фатальная новость
может убить старика. 7.Репортер просматривает новости,
которые он сумел раздобыть. 8.Плохие новости быстро
распространяются. 9.Вы слышали новость? Это фантасти-
ческая новость! 10.Большая часть сведений поступает через
прессу. 11.Разведчик принес важные сведения. 12.Сведе-
ния верны? Им можно доверять? 13.Нам нужна полная
информация об этой организации. Н.Людям нужны точ-
ные сведения, чтобы знать, что делать. 15.Сведения были
получены по факсу. 16.Это экстренные новости.
104

Упражнение 82. Найдите средства выражения единичности неис-
числяемых существительных, используя слова из левой колонки,
как показано в образце. Обратите особое внимание на употребле-
ние артикля а или an.
Образец:
1. slice
2. item
3. clap
4. patch
5. stroke
6. article
7. loaf
8. lump
a sum of money
an article of furniture
a.
b.
с
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
9. shower i.
10. breath
11. gust
12. means
13. speck
14. grain
15. litre
16. ray
17. cake
18. blade
19. puff
20. state
21. strand
j.
of k.
1.
m.
n.
0.
P.
q.
r.
s.
t.
u.
grass
sunlight
petrol
truth
dust
transport
wind
fog
emergency
luck
sugar
hair
bread
thunder
smoke
rain
fresh air
news
clothing
soap
bread
Упражнение 83. Переведите.
1.Хороший совет - вот что тебе нужно. 2.Это совет
друга, и я ему последую. З.Ты хочешь совет? Хорошо,
один (совет) я могу дать тебе. 4.Это бесценный совет!
Он - от всего сердца. 5.Люди любят говорить о погоде,
так как это безопасная тема. 6.— Какая сегодня погода?
105

— Погода холодная. Похоже, будет снег. 7.Во время пу-
тешествия у нас была теплая, сухая погода. 8.Работа в
банке была трудна для него. 9.- Какую работу вы хоти-
те? — Мне нужна легкая работа. 10.Это интересная рабо-
та? Она тебе нравится? 11.У него обширные знания в
области физики. 12.Мои студенты делают большие успе-
хи в языке. 13.В ящике есть деньги. Возьми их. Деньги -
твои. 14.Деньги — все для него. Они дают ему свободу.
15.Он тщательно пересчитал деньги и положил их в бу-
мажник.
Упражнение 84. Исправьте ошибки в следующих предложениях.
1.1 need some informations. 2.We had a lovely weather.
3.The furnitures are very old. 4.I'm looking for a new jeans.
5.Your hairs are getting very long. 6.Do you have a scissors?
7.We had a lot of homeworks yesterday. 8.Do you think she's
making a progress with her English? 9.These trousers is too
small. 10. She gave me some good advices. 11.Traffics have
been bad throughout the day. 12.We were surprised by the
boy's knowledges. 13.This is a very difficult work. 14.Did he
give you a good advice? 15.It's a secret information. 16.The
police is here. It's questioning the people. 17.Where was your
clothes made?
Упражнение 85. Выберите правильный вариант в следующих
предложениях.
l.Do you suffer from a herpes/herpes? 2.Whenever
I catch a cold/cold, it lasts for two weeks. 3.1f you have an
appendicitis/appendicitis, they will take you to hospital.
4.What is the best treatment for flu/the flu? 5.Heartache/
a heartache is deep sorrow and emotional suffering. 6.1 took
an aspirin for a headache/headache. 7.The fight between the
two parties is a big headache/headache for the Government.
8.Being unpopular at school can cause a real heartache/real
heartache to children of my age. 9.1 hope I haven't caught
106

hepatitis/a hepatitis. 10.Don't sit in a draught or you'll catch
a chill/chill. 11. He was young enough to suffer a heartache/
heartache. 12. Measles/the measles is an infectious illness
that gives you a high temperature and red spots on your skin.
13.Joanna had stomachache/a stomachache and asked to be
excused. 14. Mumps/a mumps is a disease usually caught by
children. 15.He knew he had caused his parents heartache/
a heartache.
Упражнение 86. А. Объясните употребление выделенных слов.
1. People eat more fruit now than they used to. 2.The
mountain ash has red fruits. 3.The fruits of nature belong to
all mankind. 4.1s a watermelon a fruit? 5.1 hope your hard
work will bear fruit. 6.Forbidden fruit is sweet. 7.Chocolate
fruits, Smarties or Kinder Surprises are great favourites with
children. 8.Fruit is rich in vitamins and mineral salts. 9.Citric
acid is found in many foods and in citrus fruits in particular.
10.Fruits, such as peaches and watermelon, grow well in
warm climates. 11. The strawberry is both a delicious and
beautiful fruit. 12."What are the local fruits?" - "Mostly ap-
ples and cherries." 13.A fruitarian is a person who eats only
fruit. 14.As the tree, so the fruit. 15.A tree is known by its
fruit.
*B. Переведите.
(T/- Я трачу много денег на фрукты, потому что я их
очень люблю. А ты их любишь? — Конечно, люблю.
2.- Что мы будем на третье? - Я думаю, фрукты. — Они
есть у нас? - Да, немного есть. 3.Фрукты дешевые в этом
сезоне, особенно яблоки, бананы и сливы. 4.Раньше люди
привозили фрукты из Крыма и Кавказа. Сейчас их при-
возят в основном из Латинской Америки, Африки, Ита-
лии, Греции. 5.Положи фрукты в корзину, пожалуйста.
(бХоворят, что нужно есть те фрукты, которые произрас-
тают там, где вы живете. (Т^Сак будет по-французски
107

«Плоды обучения»? 8.Фруктовый салат состоит из раз-
личных фруктов. 9.В августе созревают различные фрук-
ты. 10.На наших рынках теперь можно увидеть множество
экзотических фруктов. 11.В этом году мало фруктов. Но
это не проблема. Их завезут из-за рубежа. 12.Пьеса «Пло-
ды просвещения» была написана А.Толстым. 13.Его зна-
ния - плод долгой учебы. 14.Абрикос - очень полезный
фрукт, особенно для сердца. 15.Теперь я могу полностью
насладиться плодами своего труда. 16.— Какие фрукты вы
продаете? - Все, что хотите. 17.На севере культивируются
фрукты, которые не боятся холода. 18.Фрукты и овощи -
основная еда вегетарианцев. 19.У нас кончились фрукты.
Надо идти на рынок. 20.Различные фрукты используются
в косметических целях.
Упражнение 87. Объясните употребление выделенных слов.
l.Fish travel long distances in the sea. 2.The tuna fish is
among the marathon swimming champions. 3.Most ocean fish
(eighty-five percent) live in shallow water. 4.- How many
species of fish are there? — There are about 24,000 known
species (fishes). 5."What a beautiful fish!" — "Yes, it's a star-
fish." 6.How do fish breathe? 7.Different fish live at different
levels of water. 8.A flying fish can project itself through the air
rather far. 9.Fish have a single or two-chamber heart.
10."What are 'barber9 fish?" - "They clean off parasites of
other fishes." 11.The Atlantic salmon is called the "King of
Fish". 12.Fish should be on your menu at least twice a week.
13.— Paul has left me again! — Take it easy! There are many
other fish in the sea. 14.If wishes were fishes, you would need
a whole ocean to hold all of mine! Happy Birthday! 15.Fish
and company stink in three days. 16.It's a pretty kettle offish.
17.Timothy is an odd fish. 18.He feels like a fish out of water.
19.Big fish eat little fish, and the great fish eat the big fish.
20.Little fish are sweet. 21.It's a silly fish that is caught with
the same bait.
108

Упражнение 88. Переведите.
(Op обычно предпочитаю рыбу мясу. 2.Рыба необхо-
дима для нашего здоровья. З.Суши (Sushi) — популярное
японское блюдо, состоящее из сырой рыбы и риса. 4.Рыба
содержит мало жира. 5.Аманда плавает как рыбка.
6.У Генри большая коллекция минералов, рыб и птиц.
7.Моя любимая еда - рыба с жареным картофелем. 8.Есть
очень много способов, как приготовить рыбу|^9)Она дала
собаке рыбку, но та упорно не хотела ее есть: 10.В этой
реке много рыбы. Но мы не поймали сегодня ни одной.
11.На столе много мяса, но мало рыбыГ12> Рыбаки были
счастливы, бйи поймали много рыбы. 13.— Сколько рыбы
мне купить? - Две или три рыбины. Н.Мальчику подари-
ли красочный альбом об экзотических рыбах. 15.Он ловит
рыбу ради удовольствия. 16.Акула - это рыба, опасная
для других рыб. 17.Он дышит как рыба, которую вытащи-
ли из воды. 18.Рыба — существо, живущее в воде. 19.Рыба
восхитительна! Она тает во рту! 20. В этом пруду нет
рыбы.
Упражнение 89. Вставьте в пропуски необходимый артикль.
I. Once I had dressed in my usual working clothes of
... jeans, ... T-shirt, and ... penny loafers, I went downstairs.
After putting on ... coffee, I drank ... glass of... water, picked
up ...bunch of keys for ... shops, and went outside. I stood
looking around, breathing ... air. It was going to be ... pretty
day, I could tell that. ... sky was clear, without ... single
cloud.
II. Some time later I carried ... turky sandwich and
... Diet Coke out into ... garden. Selecting ... corner which was
well-shaded by one of... large old maples, I sat down and took
... bite of... sandwich, enjoying it. I was starving, having been
up since before dawn. Also, besides changing all... bed linens,
Nora and I had done ... marathon job of cleaning ... bath-
rooms and ... bedrooms.
109

III. Maggie led ... way into ... kitchen. This was... medi-
um-sized room with two adjoining pantries, ... couple of small
windows, and ... beamed ceiling. It overlooked ... vegetable
garden, ... old stone wall, and, to ... right, ... cutting garden.
IV. Her husband Peter was thirty-eight years old. He
was... slim, attractive man in his prime. He had ... genial per-
sonality, ... natural charm, and was popular both with his
friends and clients. ... brilliant lawyer, he had become highly
successful in ... past few years, and ... success sat well on him.
He was... doer and ... achiever, and he had ... career he loved.
V. Nora had ... good sense of humour, laughed a lot, and
she was ... truly feminine woman. For all her ability and ta-
lent, strength and independence she was not ... hard person.
Just ... opposite.
VI. "Gwen is... good sort, awfully kind and considerate,
and she doesn't have ... bad word for anybody, or ... bad bone
in her body," Diana said. "But she's as eccentric as hell!" An-
drew exclaimed. "She has ... genuine character."
§ 4. РАСПОЛОЖЕНИЕ АРТИКЛЯ
^Упражнение 90. В предложениях пропущены артикли. Вставьте
необходимый артикль, обращая внимание на его расположение.
l.Have you ever met so stupid boy? 2.It was just too
good offer to miss. 3.1 just don't know how likely possibility
that is. 4.We mustn't ignore as serious threat as this. 5.1 don't
think I've read such brilliant essay. 6.Vanessa is rather unusu-
al woman. 7.It turned out to be quite pleasant party. 8.How
good thing it was to win. 9.It's too great disappointment to all
of them. 10.How can you marry so young girl? 11.She closed
both windows and all doors. 12.1 can't believe that so small
thing upset you so much. 13.Let's have as good time as we
can. H.Angela isn't as big fool as you are. 15.It's a pity you
don't realize how great offer it was! 16.She has double chin.
17.The boy was double size of his sister. 18.1 want double
110

ticket for the dance. 19.Double-decker is a bus that has two
floors. 20.The house was half mile away. 21.Half minute, let
me write it down. 22.1 can't understand whether it's a lie or
half-truth. 23.Half dinner got burnt again. 24.They had to
part with double bed they had had for years. 25.What kind of
house would you like to buy? 26.Too much study has sent
many strong men to an early grave.
Проверьте себя
Упражнение 91. А. Вставьте в пропуски артикль, если это необхо-
димо.
The Golden Fish
Once upon ... time, on ... island of Buyan, there stood
... small tumble-down cottage, and in that cottage dwelt... old
man and woman. They lived in ... great poverty. ... old man
caught ... fish with ... net, and ... old woman sat in ... ragged
sarafan, spinning ... wool. One day ... man caught ... small
fish, but it was not ... ordinary fish, it was ... golden one. And
it spoke in ... human voice, "Let me go, back to ... deep blue
sea, ... old man! I'll do whatever you wish." ... old man said,
"I don't need anything from you," and threw ... golden fish
into ... water and went ... home. He told his wife that ... great
miracle had happened to him and that he was sorry for ...fish
and set it free from his net. ... woman grew angry and cursed
... old man from morn till night. "You could have asked for
... bread at least," she yelled at him.
In ... despair ... unhappy fisherman went down to ... sea-
shore; coming to ... sea-edge he shouted in ... loud voice,
"Fish, oh fish! Stand with your tale on ... sea and your head
facing me." ;.. fish came swimming to ... shore, listened to
... old man's wish and promised him plenty of food. When he
came into ... house, there was plenty of bread in it, but ... old
woman was angrier than ever and said that her tub was
ill

leaking and she couldn't do ... washing. So she needed ... new
wash-tub badly. Back went ... man to ... sea. "Fish, oh fish!"
he shouted. Up swam ... golden fish. "What do you need,
... my friend?" it asked. "... old woman sent me again, she
wants ... new wash-tub."
В. Расскажите сказку до конца.
Упражнение 92. А. Какой артикль вы использовали бы с выделен-
ными существительными?
У лукоморья дуб зеленый;
Златая цепь на дубе том:
И днем и ночью кот ученый
Все ходит по цепи кругом;
Идет направо — песнь заводит,
Налево — сказку говорит.
Там чудеса: там леший бродит,
Русалка на ветвях сидит;
Там на неведомых дорожках
Следы невиданных зверей;
Избушка там на курьих ножках
Стоит без окон, без дверей;
Там лес и дол видений полны;
Там о заре прихлынут волны
На брег песчаный и пустой,
И тридцать витязей прекрасных
Чредой из вод выходят ясных,
И с ними дядька их морской;
Там королевич мимоходом
Пленяет грозного царя;
Там в облаках перед народом
Через леса, через моря
Колдун несет богатыря;
В темнице там царевна тужит,
А бурый волк ей верно служит;
112

Там ступа с Бабою-Ягой
Идет, бредет сама собой;
Там царь Кащей над златом чахнет;
Там русский дух... там Русью пахнет!
И там я был, и мед я пил;
У моря видел дуб зеленый;
Под ним сидел, и кот ученый
Свои мне сказки говорил.
Одну я помню: сказку эту
Поведаю теперь я свету...
В.
Три девицы под окном
Пряли поздно вечерком.
"Кабы я была царица, —
Говорит одна девица, -
То на весь крещеный мир
Приготовила б я пир".
-"Кабы я была царица, —
Говорит ее сестрица, —
То на весь бы мир одна
Наткала я полотна".
—"Кабы я была царица, —
Третья молвила сестрица, —
Я б для батюшки-царя
Родила богатыря".
Только вымолвить успела,
Дверь тихонько заскрипела,
И в светлицу входит царь,
Стороны той государь.
Во все время разговора
Он стоял позадь забора;
Речь последней по всему
Полюбилася ему.
"Здравствуй, красная девица, -
из

Говорит он, — будь царица
И роди богатыря
Мне к исходу сентября.
Вы ж, голубушки-сестрицы,
Выбирайтесь из светлицы.
Поезжайте вслед за мной,
Вслед за мной и за сестрой:
Будь одна из вас ткачиха,
А другая повариха".
(А. С. Пушкин)
Упражнение 93. Вставьте в пропуски артикли.
l.What about having ... snack? 2. ... hijackers surrendered
and ... people in ... plane were set free. 3. ... pilgrim is... person
who travels ... long way, usually to visit ... holy place.
4.,.. history seminar begins in ... hour. 5.1 don't think ... idea will
work. 6.— What's that noise? — It's ... car. — It can't be ... car.
... cars don't sound like that. 7.... new computer takes all my free
time. 8.— How is ... car? — Out of order, as usual.
9. ... way to ... man's heart is through his stomach. 10.- What
... time is it by ... watch? - ... minute to seven. 11.... liar ought to
have ... good memory. 12.... public money is like ... water. Every-
one helps himself to it. 13.Pandora was not in ... house. She was
having ... party. 14.Think about ... situation. There must be
... way out of it. 15.Some of... furniture was showing its age.
Упражнение 94. Вставьте в пропуски необходимый артикль.
l.This is ... lively and very lovely book. 2.Cora was in
... kitchen making ... sandwiches. 3.Jeff has ... optimistic look
at things. 4.You are ... genius, you are ... wonder! 5.He isn't
... type of man to make ... woman happy. 6.Jane has ... mar-
vellous complexion, doesn't she? 7.Isn't Dick tired of living as
... bachelor? 8.Take ... washing away, will you? 9.This is
... matter in which ... women differ greatly from ... men.
10.Max used to live ... double life when he was ... young man.
114

11.He is ... grown-up, ... respoftsible person. 12.This carpet
will be only collecting ... dust here. 13.Put... baby in ... pram,
will you? 14.I'll take ... dog for ... run. 15. ... house is in
... mess. What... shame! 16.I'm afraid it's going to be ... diffi-
cult job. 17.- That candy is ... temptation. — It really is! 18.1
had ... nasty cold and ... sore throat. 19.Can you give us
... hand with wallpapering? 20.Joe has ... mania for ... cars.
Упражнение 95. Вставьте неопределенный артикль, если это не-
обходимо.
The Pig with Green Spots
There was once ... bright pink pig with ... green spots all
over his body. He belonged to old Mrs. Loveday. ... pig stood
on ... mantelpiece next to ... clock. He was made of... china,
and underneath him was ... little place to lock and unlock
him, because he was ... money-box.
One day Lucy went to see old Mrs. Loveday. She
knocked at ... door, but nobody said "Come in". She turned
... handle and ... door opened. Mrs.Loveday was in ... her gar-
den. Lucy looked around ... room with ... red geraniums on
... window-sill, ... little rocking-chair by ... fireplace, ... small
yellow stool - and, of course, ... pig with green spots was on
... mantelpiece, as usual. She sat down on ... little yellow stool
and looked at ... clock. It had stopped. Lucy thought it would
be ... good idea to wind it up. She stood up and took down
... clock. She wound it up carefully. She reached up to ... man-
telpiece to put it back — and then ... dreadful thing happened.
... pig fell on ... floor and smashed into ... hundred pieces.
... money fell out of... pig too. ... silver and copper coins rolled
here and there, under ... sofa, over ... rug - all over ... room.
Lucy stood and stared in horror. Whatever would
Mrs. Loveday say? She had had him for such ... long time on
her mantelpiece.
... girl wanted to run away, but then she felt ashamed of
herself. Mummy always said you must never run away from
115

anything. At that moment old Mrs. Loveday came into
... room. She looked down at... broken pieces and all... mon-
ey on ... floor. Lucy waited to be scolded. But ... old woman
laughed happily. "So that ugly pig is broken at last, and I can
get... money out of him. You know, I lost... key ages ago. But
I'm glad to see such ... ugly creature go, and to get my money.
You have done me ... good turn!"
"Oh, I was so afraid to tell you ... truth, Mrs. Loveday!"
"You see, I'm glad of... accident because I badly wanted
some money today. ... friend is coming to see me, and I want
to buy ... flour and ... currants and ... chocolate to bake ... big
cake for her. And you must certainly have ... nice big slice to
take home to tea, because you are not... coward, but... brave
good girl!"
{after Diana Catchpole)
"Упражнение 96. Вставьте в пропуски необходимый артикль.
l.~ Is this ... book you were telling me about? - Yes, it
is about... life of Queen Victoria. 2.1t is ... interesting book. It
gives ... wonderful picture of what ... life was like in ... old
times. 3.— Is there ... newsagent's near here? - ... nearest one
is just down ... road on ... left. 4.Look at ... snow! It seems to
be ... right kind of... snow for skiing. 5. ... English people are
forever complaining about... weather, but on the whole ... cli-
mate is quite reasonable. 6.This is ... toughest steak I have ever
eaten. It is ... last time I eat in this restaurant. 7.Robin Hood
is ... legendary hero that ... children learn about from ... story
books. 8.It is ... wonderful part of England and ... scenery is
beautiful. We had ... lovely time and decided to come back in
... month. 9.Here is ... sad ending of... poem. Not ... happy
end as usual. 10. ... three reasons you offer me are very con-
vincing. 11.Detroit is ... sixth largest city in the USA.
12. ... whole story is ... myth. Not ... soul will believe it.
13.Don't miss it! It's going to be ... trip of your life!
14. ... truth is ... best advocate. 15.With ... fifth century came
116

... fall of the Roman Empire. 16. ... bright shirt like this one
may be all right for ... teenager, but not for me! 17.We don't
know ... thing about them. 18.I'm taking up ... new post. If it
works out, I'll take ... post in September. 19.1 know ... good
actor when I see one. 20. ... fellow may be ... thief, or ... crim-
inal.
Упражнение 97. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необходи-
мо. Перескажите рассказ.
The Boy Who Went Looking for a Friend
Once there was ... little boy called Sam. He said to his
mother, "I am lonely. Where can I find ... friend?"
His mother said, "Behind our house there is ... field. It
is filled with grass and red poppies and corn-flowers. There
are big brown and yellow butterflies. Go into ... field, Sam.
Perhaps you will find ... friend there."
... little boy went into the field. Among ... poppies and
... grass he met ... tiger. ... tiger was as yellow as ... sunshine.
Over his coat were ... beautiful dark stripes. He had ... very
long twitching tail. "Hallo, ... Tiger," said Sam.
"Hallo, Sam," said ... tiger. He yawned ... tiger yawn.
His teeth looked very white. "Are you ... sort of tiger that eats
boys?" asked Sam.
"No!" said the tiger. "I only eat ... sandwiches. I have
some sandwiches wrapped in ... lunch paper. Would you like
some?" Sam and the tiger had ... picnic on the grass. Then
they played hide-and-seek all over ... field. They had a lot of
fun. But at sunset the tiger said, "I must be going now."
"Will you come back?" asked Sam.
"Perhaps I will," said the tiger. "Or perhaps I won't,"
and off he went waving his tail.
The next day Sam said to his mother, "I am lonely —
where can I find ... friend?" "Outside our gate," said his
mother, "is ... long road. It leads from ... big town to ... small
town. Along that road go all sorts of people. Some are in
117

... cars, some are on ... horses, some are on ... bicycles. Some-
times nobody goes by for a long time. But listen I hear ... mu-
sic on ... road. Run and see, little Sam! It might be ... friend."
{to be continued)
Упражнение 98. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необходи-
мо. Перескажите рассказ.
Sam heard ... music and ran down to ... gate. 'Ta-ra-ra-
ra.r went ... trumpet. 'Rat-a-plan-plan.r went ... drum. ... cir-
cus was coming by. There were ... white horses and ... black
horses. There were ... lions and ... elephants. There were
packets of pop-corn and ... hundred balloons. Best of all was
Jimmy, the funny clown. ... circus stopped and started
... show.
... juggler juggled ... plates and ... cups and ... balls and
... balloons. He did not drop ... single one. ... elephants
danced. ... lovely fairy girl rode her white horse, light as
... feather, and did not fall off once. ... man on the flying tra-
peze swung to and fro and tossed and turned in ... air. Sam
clapped and shouted. Most of all he laughed at Jimmy, riding
his donkey backwards. Then it was sunset. ... circus began to
go on down ... road. "All my friends go away," Sam thought.
He went down to ... river.
Then round a bend in ... river came ... little boat with
... blue sail. It came past Sam. Then it stopped and ... boy got
out. He had ... ordinary face and ... brown hair. ... boy's name
was Philip.
They sailed all afternoon. Up and down ... river bank
they went, watching ... fish in ... clear green water. They saw
... wild, bright pheasant in ... long grass. All... time they talked
and made up ... stories. It was ... best day of all. When it was
sunset, Philip said, "May I come and play with you tomorrow,
Sam? You are ... good sort of friend to share my boat with."
"Of course," said Sam, very pleased. "We've had ... good
time, haven't we?"
118

Sam went home and said to his mother, "I've got
... friend, Mother, and it isn't ... tiger, and it isn't ... circus.
It's... boy called Philip."
"That's good," said his mother. "... Tigers are good
friends for ... tigers. ... circus is everybody's friend, but ... boy
is ... best friend for ... boy."
"I met him by ... river," said Sam.
"Oh, now," said Sam's mother, "... river brings all
things to those who wait."
(after P.Lively)
Упражнение 99. Вставьте в пропуски необходимый артикль.
A, Long ago there lived ... king who had ... only
daughter. She was ... sweet, frail creature — very delicate.
As time passed she grew weaker and weaker and soon it
became obvious to all that ... Princess was dying. All was in
vain ~ ... love, ... money, ... doctors, ... nurses. Then, one
day, someone found ... shabby old book on ... shelf in
... Royal Library.
...book proved of great value as it contained ... remarka-
ble recipe for curing just such ... illness as ... Princess was suf-
fering from. One of... most important items was ... pumpkin
juice. ... king seized eagerly at ... chance to save his daughter's
life. So ... recipe was made up and ... dose of... new cure was
given to ... Princess. From ... very first dose there was
... marked change for ... better, and she was soon on ... road to
... complete recovery.
B. ... king was ... middle-aged man and rather tall and
well-built, and had ... strong face. ... children liked his appear-
ance. He was "every inch ... king", though he was dressed
very simply in ... suit that reminded of ... admiral's uniform.
"What... decent sort he looks," said Jack to Molly. There was
... great cheer which came from ... hearts of ... people in
... crowded hall. It was obvious that ... king was very popular.
119

"Упражнение 100. Вставьте в пропуски необходимый артикль.
A. ... speakers became visible, making their way through
... wood in which ... children were standing. One was
... young, fat, rosy-cheeked man, with a jolly smile, wearing
... white overall; he was clean-shaven and had ... high voice.
His companion was ... striking contrast to him, being old and
thin with ... long white beard; he was dressed in ... rich, dark-
coloured robe, and had ... number of keys dangling from
... belt.
B. Not... sound came from ... cottage, and ... three peo-
ple waited impatiently for ... second or two. Then Glan
knocked again on ... little brown door. ... sound of... knock
came clear in ... air. No answer. He lifted ... latch and pushed
... door open. They found themselves in ... old-fashioned
room with ... fireplace in ... farther corner, and in ... chair by
... fireplace there sat ... huddled-up figure.
C. ... children had ... refreshing wash, tHen sat down to
... well-spread table - ... hot tea, ... toast and ... eggs, ... brown
bread and ... butter, ... honey and ... fresh fruit. Over tea they
discussed ... latest news. While they were talking, they heard
... footsteps on ... garden path outside ... window, and then
came ... tap at ... door. Jack and Molly gave ... start. With
... shake of her head Miss Marigold said, "Don't worry, it's
... gatekeeper."
"Упражнение 101. Вставьте в пропуски необходимый артикль.
A. This was ... important journey for Mrs. Foster. It was
... wonder that she was going all alone to Paris to visit her only
daughter, who was married to ... Frenchman. And, more than
that, she had ... great desire to see her three grandchildren.
"Goodbye, dear," Mrs. Foster said, leaning into ... car and giv-
ing her husband ... small kiss. "Goodbye," he answered. "Have
... nice trip." ... car drove off and she was soon in ... airport.
B, ... rest of ... day was like ... bad dream. She sat in
... airport as close to ... airline desk as possible, and every thir-
120

ty minutes she got up and asked ... clerk if ... situation had
changed. She always received ... same reply — ... fog might blow
away at any moment. She wondered where she might go to
spend ... night. To stay at ... airport would be ... safest, but she
also realized that this was ... stupid thing for ... old lady to do.
С Molly felt that everything was possible on such
... perfect morning. She jumped to ... ground and ran across
... room humming. ... patch of... sunshine lay on ... floor by
... door, and as Molly stopped for ... second to do up her shoe-
lace she saw ... curious shadow form on ... patch. And ... shad-
ow was shaped like ... pumpkin! With ... start, she looked at
... sunlit patch, but ... shadow wasn't there. "Why, it must
have been ... cloud passing before ... sun," she told herself.
Упражнение 102. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Объясните
употребление артиклей с выделенными словами.
Why We Drive on the Wrong Side of the Road
Visitors to the British Isles who are brave enough to for-
get the weather and the foot-and-mouth disease epidemic,
then need extra courage to drive on what for them is the
"wrong" side of the road. After the jet-lagged or disorientated
tourists leave the airport, they are bombarded with signs
which remind them to keep left. But that does not stop hun-
dreds of accidents happen annually with inexperienced travel-
lers who simply do not know which side of the road they
should be on.
But why should drivers be put in a position where they
have to remember that Britain, as usual, goes its own sweet
way as the only country in the European Union that insists on
driving on the left-hand side of the road? Academics have tried
for years to figure out why we should take one side of the
highway and two-thirds of the world choose the opposite. But
it seems that the English can claim two millennia of keeping
left to Roman invaders, who liked to keep their right arm free
to grab a sword from across their bodies on the left hip, or,
121

probably, to keep the whip hand free to crack it over the backs
of oxen or horses.
The fact that the rest of Europe crossed on to the other
side, was Napoleon's fault, if we are to believe some histori-
ans. He was the man to decide that Europe should keep right.
The custom extended through much of Africa and the West
Indies as well part of the Far East, such as Malaysia, Indone-
sia and Singapore. Japan, however, stands out as a nation that
shares the British lean to the left without really any need to do
so. Why, again, is a mystery.
Making the change to the right would be impossible for
this country. Sweden was the last nation to do it, in 1967,
with a reasonable amount of chaos. Accidents jumped by 10
per cent amid much blowing of horns and arm-waving. Ima-
gine the cost and the chaos in this country with its 25 million
vehicles. Billions of pounds would be needed to change traffic
lights and signs, motorway exits and even white lines. A mass
reeducation programme would be required.
So we are just stuck with it, which just means that
tourists need to take extra care when they are steering their
hired cars around Majorca, Ibiza and the South of France.
And if any locals sound their horns and accuse you of get-
ting confused, just remind them that they are the ones who
are driving on the wrong side of the road, thanks to barmy
Bonaparte.
(from The Times, April, 2001)
^Упражнение 103. Прочитайте и запомните употребление артик-
лей в следующих фразах. Найдите их русские эквиваленты.
A. l.a skeleton in the cupboard 2.a paper tiger 3.a storm
in a teacup 4.a snake in the grass 5.to come to a dead stop
6.to do a good turn 7.not to have a clue 8.to have a bee in
one's bonnet 9.to smell a rat 10.not to turn a hair 11.to take
a weight off one's shoulders 12.to turn over a new leaf
13.to stand a (fair) chance 14.to keep an eye on something
122

15.too much of a good thing 16.one thing at a time 17.to be
a pillar of society 18.a drop in the ocean
B. l.to be behind the times 2.to be in the know 3.to be
the apple of one's eye 4.to be up to the mark 5.to be on the
safe side 6.to beat about the bush 7.to come to the point 8.to
draw the line 9.to get to the bottom of something lO.to make
the most of something 11.not to have the heart to do so 12.in
the long run 13.to get the picture clear 14.to take the line of
least resistance 15.till one is blue in the face 16.to pay through
the nose 17.for the time being 18.on the spur of the moment
С. Коммуникативное задание.
Используя приведенные выше фразы, побеседуйте с
партнером или же обсудите в группе предстоящие выборы
президента страны, директора школы. Предметом дис-
куссии могут быть также выборы ректора университета,
декана факультета, старосты курса, группы, класса.
II. Традиционное и контекстно-ситуативное
употребление артиклей
§ 5. УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ АРТИКЛЕЙ С ИМЕНАМИ
СОБСТВЕННЫМИ
Упражнение 104. Прочитайте и перескажите текст. Выпишите
географические имена, обращая внимание на употребление ар-
тиклей с ними.
A Lesson in Geography
The history of civilization is essentially the history of our seas.
From antiquity to the Renaissance the most important
chapters in world history were written on and around the
Mediterranean.
123

Its very name reflects the fact that the Mediterranean
was rightfully perceived as "the centre of the world" - even if
other bodies of water began playing important roles after the
11th century.
For example, the Vikings vigorously plowed their northern
waves westward all the way to America, as well as eastward
through a maze of Russian tributaries clear down to the Black Sea.
Even more pronounced was the influence of the Ger-
man traders who controlled the Baltic and North Seas eco-
nomically and militarily from the 12th century to the 15th
century.
During the 16th century the Atlantic Ocean emerged as
the leading arbiter of world trade and for that reason also of
the international politics. From the mid 19th century and un-
til the 1970s, the Atlantic was economically, politically and
culturally pre-eminent.
During the last three decades the commercial centre has
shifted to the Pacific Ocean. The booming economies in the
Far East, the American West Coast's increasing economic
domination in the United States, and the rapidly growing
trade between Asia and America all signal the beginning of a
new hegemony on the World Seas.
Any sea can be frozen economically during a particular
period of time, to thaw out only with a change in the prevailing
political climate. The Baltic Sea is a good case in point. For 70
years the Baltic was closed by an iron curtain which froze com-
merce between east and west. But lately the world's interest in
the Baltic region has been on the rise and the Baltic region is
becoming one of Europe's most important growth areas.
Упражнение 105. Переведите предложения и объясните употреб-
ление артиклей с географическими названиями.
l.Asia Minor is a great peninsula in Western Asia. It is
washed by the Black Sea in the north, the Mediterranean in
the south, and the Aegean Sea in the west. It is occupied to-
124

day by Turkey. 2.1f you want to visit a city within the Arctic
Circle go to Murmansk, which is on the Barents Sea. 3.San-
Marino, which lies in the Apennine Mountains near the Adri-
atic Sea, in northern Italy, is Europe's oldest existing state. It
has a population of less than 20,000 people, most of whom
speak Italian. 4.The Virgin Islands (the Caribbean Islands)
were bought by the United States from Denmark in 1917 and
are now popular tourist centres. 5.Mount Ararat in eastern
Turkey is mentioned in the Bible as the place where Noah's
Ark came to rest. 6.The Blue Nile, and the White Nile meet in
the Sudan to form the Nile. 7.The Monterey Peninsula juts out
into the Pacific Ocean halfway up the California coast. 8.At
the tip of Florida lies a string of islands stretching out into the
Gulf of Mexico and much visited by tourists. They are the
Florida Keys, the largest of which is Key Jargo. 9.New York
City is situated at the mouth of the Hudson River on the East
coast of the USA. The heart of New York is the island of
Manhattan. 10.The Gulf Stream originates in the Gulf of
Mexico, swings around Florida, mixes with the North Atlantic
Drift and heads towards Europe. 11. Lake Titicaca which is
between Bolivia and Peru is the world's highest large lake.
12.The Bermuda Triangle in the Atlantic Ocean is famous as
an area where ships and aircraft disappear under mysterious
circumstances. 13.The Pan American Highway runs along the
Andes of South America. 14.The Colorado River flows
through the Grand Canyon. 15.In popular sea tales the Sar-
gasso Sea is a place where huge masses of seaweed entangle
ships and prevent them from escaping. 16.The Lake District
surrounded by the gentle Cumbrian Mountains is known for
its fifteen picturesque lakes. 17.1f you want to enjoy a little
rest, follow me to an island where it's always calm, and men
are never in a hurry, ,where the women never grow old, where
the sun stays longer in the sky than anywhere else. This island
is Majorca. 18.A lake is a lake, a river is a river, a pond is a
pond. But a "lake" in Iowa may be a "pond" in New England.
A "river" in Ireland may be a "stream" in Brazil. 19.New
125

Caledonia is an island in the Pacific Ocean. It is a tropical
heaven in the South Seas. 20.Rainbow Bridge is the largest
natural stone arch in the world, located in southern Utah.
21.The travellers saw an oasis in the Gobi, but it was a mirage.
22.There are thousands of fsles in Oceania. Tahiti is one of
them. 23.(The) Niagara Falls are one of the wonders of the world.
24."The Magnolia" won the race on the Mississippi. 25.The Val-
ley of the Kings and the Valley of the Queens are in Egypt.
Упражнение 106. Вставьте в пропуски необходимый артикль.
1. ... Antarctic is the home for penguins, dolphins and
whales. 2.She was sent to ... Persian Gulf as a war corre-
spondent. 3. ... Europe extends from ... British Isles in the
west towards ... Urals in the east. 4.The highest peak in
... North America is ... Mount McKinley. 5.We had an unfor-
gettable experience in ... Austrian Alps. 6. ... Iceland is a vol-
canic island. 7.- If you want to see ... Lake Victoria and ...
Mount Kilimanjaro, go to ... Kenya. 8.It hasn't rained for sev-
eral hundred years in ... Atakama in ... South America. 9.The
hunters got lost in ... Rocky Mountains. 10.Many centuries
ago ... Vesuvius destroyed ... Pompeii. 11.Most toxic waste
water drains directly into ... Labe (Elbe) River in ... eastern
Bohemia. 12.Life in ... Cyprus follows the rhythm of the sun.
13.The most famous Italian river is ... Tiber, which runs from
... Apennine mountains and empties itself into ... Tyrrhenian
Sea. 14.1 wish I could visit ... Lake Chad in ... North Central
Africa. 15.You simply must come to ... Tatras for skiing.
16. ... French Riviera is on ... Mediterranean south coast of
... France. 17.The oldest country in the world is ... Iran,
which was known as ... Persia until 1934.lt has been inde-
pendent since 529 B.C. 18. ... Mount Fujiyama (... Mount
Fuji) is the most famous mountain in ... Japan. 19. ... Lake
Tanganyika is the second largest lake on ... Dark Continent.
20.In 1819 the British bought an island on ... Malay Peninsula
which they named ... Singapore.
126

Упражнение 107. Переведите предложения и объясните употреб-
ление артиклей с выделенными словами.
1.Although Australia is the smallest continent, it is the
largest island in the world. 2.Luxembourg is a small country in
Europe between France, Belgium and Germany. 3.The popu-
lation of the Russian Federation is about 150 million people.
4.The Low Countries include the Netherlands, Belgium, and
Luxembourg. They were so named because they are flat and
near sea level. 5.The six island countries of the West Indies are
the Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba, the Dominican Republic,
Haiti and Jamaica. 6.Pyongyang is the capital of North Korea.
Seoul is the capital of South Korea. 7.Turkey is situated on
two continents, Asia and Europe. The dividing line is the Bos-
phorus, a strait that connects the Sea of Marmara to the
Black Sea. 8.(Hie) Vatican is the Pope's Palace on the Vati-
can Hill in Rome. The Vatican City is the only surviving Papal
state. 9.Monaco is a tiny independent country on the Mediter-
ranean coast of France near Italy. lO.We stayed at the Viking
Hotel in Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark. 11.The South
Bank Centre in London consists of the National Theatre, the
National Film Theatre, the Museum of the Moving Image, the
Hayward Gallery, the Festival Concert Hall. 12 The Washing-
ton Monument gives a splendid view of the city. 13.My Italian
friends took me to see the Coloseum and the Forum. 14.The
White House is now better known around the globe than pa-
laces in Europe. 15.The Capitol is the place where the inaugu-
ration of the President of the USA takes place. 16.Eton Col-
lege is a famous and exclusive public school for boys. It is si-
tuated in Eton, a town about 20 miles west of London, on the
River Thames. 17.Guildford Cathedral is close to Surrey Uni-
versity, which is in South-East Anglia. IS.San-Paulo is a city
in South-East Brazil. It is the largest city in South America.
19.Heathrow is the world's busiest international airport.
2O.The Taj Mahal in the city of Agra in northern India is con-
sidered to be one of the most beautiful buildings in the world.
127

21.The Forbidden City is located in Beijing (Peking), the ca-
pital of China. It was so named because it was the residence of
the Emperor and very few people could visit it. 22.The Great
Wall in China stretches for some 1,500 miles. 23.Stonehenge
is located on Salisbury Plain, in southern England. 24.Travel-
lers to Peru can see one of the most remarkable archaeological
ruins in the Americas — a mountain citadel built by the an-
cient Incas. 25.Shall we meet in Regent Street or on Trafal-
gar Square? - Parliament Square suits me best. 26.In the
mornings she used to read "Vogue" and he usually read "The
Mirror". 27.Who will come to power at the next elections: the
Democratic or the Liberal Party?
Упражнение 108. Прочитайте и переведите текст, обращая внима-
ние на употребление артиклей с географическими именами.
London Streets and Their Names
Names of streets and districts are often connected with
the history of the country and the city.
But very often names of streets are so old and so
changed that only few people know how this or that street got
its name.
People who read books by English writers, listen to the
radio, see English films, can't help knowing such names as
Trafalgar Square, Soho, Piccadilly, Charing Cross, etc.
Let's begin with Piccadilly Circus. It is a fine street
which has seen much history over the centuries. For genera-
tions Piccadilly has been the heart of London. Nowadays it is
such a focal place that on special occasions, such as the Coro-
nation or on New Year's Eve, as many as 50,000 people ga-
ther there.
Actually it immortalized a man who is now forgotten.
The man was a tailor who grew rich by making high collars
called "piccadillies". He built a grand house which he called
the Piccadilla Hall, and the name, slightly changed, has lived
on.
128

Charing Cross is one of the oldest spots in London.
Once there was a small village in that place. The villagers were
charing wood, making charcoal of it. That is why the village
was named Charing. Centuries ago an English Queen died
outside London. Her husband wanted her body to be taken to
Westminster Abbey and buried there. At every place where
the funeral procession stopped, a wooden cross was erected.
The last place was at Charing and since then the place has
been called Charing Cross.
A reproduction of that last cross can be seen at the en-
trance to Charing Cross Railway Station. Nowadays Charing
Cross is known by its bookshops where one can buy books in
different languages and of new and old editions.
No one, however, can explain "Soho" convincingly.
The legend goes, that in the old days there used to be green
fields there and people around went fox-hunting a great deal.
When a hunter saw a fox, he called to the dogs "So-Ho",
"So-Ho"! Now Soho is the district where one can see people
of different types, hear them speak different languages. It is
famous for its different restaurants.
There are some short streets in Soho in which six or
seven restaurants of different national cooking stand one after
another in a line. One can have breakfast in a Greek restau-
rant, dinner in an Italian and supper in an American. These
are only a few examples, but all London's long past history
can be told by its streets' and districts' names.
Упражнение 109, Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необхо-
димо.
1. ... White Tower in London was built between 1078
and 1098. 2.They always stay at ... Coral Sands Hotel when
they come to ... Sidney. 3.Excuse me, how can I get to ... Nat-
ural History Museum? 4. ... Supreme Court is the highest tri-
bunal in ... USA. 5. ... Freer Gallery of Art has a rich collec-
tion of Asian and American Art. 6.- Does this bus go to
129

... Sheremetyevo Airport? — Yes, it does. 7.You can say what-
ever you like in ... Speaker's Corner in ... Hyde Park. 8.You
can get a ticket to ... Moscow International Festival at the ki-
osk next to ... GUM. 9.Who built ... St. Basil's Cathedral?
lO.Most news comes from ... BBC and ... CNN. 11. ... Buck-
ingham Palace, ... Trafalgar Square, ... Houses of Parliament,
... Tower of London, ..: Tower Bridge, ... National Gallery are
the usual sights in ... English capital. 12. ... Friary Centre is in
... Willow Street. 13.The capital of... China has two names:
... Beijing and ... Peking. 14. ... Mexico, ... New York, ... To-
kyo are the biggest and the most polluted cities in the world.
15.The capital of ... Republic of San-Marino is ... San-Mari-
no. 16. ... London Zoo is the oldest in the world. 17. ... Char-
ing Cross Bridge is a railway bridge which crosses ... Thames
in ... Central London. 18. ... Statue of... Liberty is a gift from
the French people to the American people. It stands on
... Liberty Island in ... New York Harbour. 19.About 190
states are members of ... United Nations Organization.
20."... House Beautiful" is Britain's Number One Home In-
terest magazine. 21.When in ... Vienna, I went to visit ... Sig-
mund Freud museum.
Упражнение 110. Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложе-
ния, обращая внимание на употребление артиклей с именами су-
ществительными в выделенных фразах.
1 .The British flag is called the Union Jack. It is made up
of three crosses: the red cross of St. George of England, the
white cross of St. Andrew of Scotland, and the red cross of
St. Patrick of Ireland, all on a blue background.
2.The white cliffs of Dover are the first thing you see
when approaching south-east England from the sea. They are
made of chalk. On a fine day it is possible to see the coast of
France from the top of the cliffs.
3.Admiral Horatio Nelson (1758-1805) was an English
hero. He lost his right eye and right arm in sea battles against
130

France. In 1805 he destroyed the French fleet at the battle of
Trafalgar, where he was killed. His famous ship, The Victory,
can be visited at Portsmouth.
4.Big Ben, in fact, is the name of the largest bell in this
clock, but most people call the clock Big Ben. The clock is in
the tower of the Houses of Parliament. Big Ben weighs
13 tons, was made in 1858 and was named after Sir Benjamin
Hall. The sound of Big Ben is broadcast daily all over the
world by the BBC.
5.The Lowlands are in the south of Scotland. The High-
lands are in the North. But the Lowlands are not flat. They
are more hilly than most parts of England.
6.Tower Bridge in London is a bridge over the River
Thames. It is near the Tower of London and is the last bridge
over the Thames before the sea. The road opens in the middle
to allow ships to pass.
7.Aberdeen, on the north-east coast of Scotland is an
important fishing port, and is now also the centre of the North
Sea oil industry. It has a university and is called "the granite
city" because many of its buildings are made of granite.
Упражнение 111. Какие из перечисленных ниже имен собствен-
ных употребляются с определенным артиклем?
A. 1.Kilimanjaro 2Jenisei 3.Bermuda 4.Elbrus S.Hud-
son Bay 6.Laptev Sea 7.Urals 8.Kalahari 9.Volga lO.Carpathi-
ans 11.Indian Ocean 12.Madeira 13.Etna 14.English Channel
15.Palm Beach 16.Arctic Circle 17.Olympus 18.New Forest
19.South Pole 2O.Bridge of Sighs 21.Jutland Peninsula
22.Suez Canal 23.Swallow Falls 24.Sicily 25.London Bridge
26.Kara-Kum 27.Lake Chad 28.Amur 29.Malay Archipelago
3O.Aleutian Islands
B. 1.United Arab Emirates 2.Sudan 3.Far East 4.Brus-
sels 5.Netherlands 6.Booker Prize 7.Hague 8.Art Theatre
9.Riviera lO.Northern Europe 11.St. James's Park 12.Peacock
Inn 13.Baker Street H.Russian Museum 15.Salisbury
131

Cathedral 16.Wailing Wall 17.Middle East 18.Southern Africa
19.Roman Empire 2O.Miami Airport 21.Nobel Prize 22.Re-
public of Ireland 23.Athens 24.Winter Palace 25.Republican
Party 26.Eiffel Tower 27.National Association of Teachers
28.Alaska 29.Village of Sosnovka 3O.Central Asia
Упражнение 112. Какие первые пять вещей приходят вам на ум,
когда вы думаете о следующих странах?
1. Belgium
2. Denmark
3. Greece
4. Spain
5. France
6. Italy
7. The Netherlands
8. Finland
9. Sweden
10. The United
Kingdom
a. Lapland — Santa Claus
Forests — Saunas —
Telecommunications
b. Blondes - Cold - Ingmar
Bergman - Nobel Prize -
Pippi Longstocking
с Shakespeare - London -
BBC - The Beatles -
The Royals
d. Beer — Berlin — Goethe -
Motorways — Serious
e. Green - Pubs - Celtic
design - James Joice - U2
f. Vienna — The Alps -
Skiing - Sissi - Mozart
g. Vikings - Copenhagen -
Hans Christian Andersen -
Lego - Football
h. Port wine - Lisbon -
Explorers — The Clock -
The Algarve
i. Castles - Banks - Court of
Justice — Small —
Echternach dancing
procession
j. Van Gogh - Tulips —
Amsterdam - Drugs — Flat
132

11. Germany
12. Ireland (EIRE)
13. Austria
14. Portugal
15. Luxembourg
k. Barcelona — Paella —
Bullfighting - Art -
Juan Carlos
1. Islands — Parthenon -
Onassis — Moussaka —
Socrates
m. Brussels — Chocolate —
Tintin - Beer - Capital
of Europe
n. Wine — Paris —
Jerard Depardieu — Food -
Fashion
o. Rome — Pasta — Shoes —
Art - Pavarotti
Упражнение 113. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необхо-
димо.
A. ... Niagara Falls are one of the biggest waterfalls in
the world. ... Niagara River is between ... Canada and ... Uni-
ted States of... America. ... island in the middle is ... Goat Is-
land. ... falls on the right are Canadian. They are ... Horseshoe
Falls. ... falls on the left of... Goat Island are American. There
is a bridge across the river from ... American side of... Goat
Island.
B. ... Dresden is ... capital of... Free State of... Saxony.
Situated on ... Elbe River in ... eastern Germany, ... Dresden
has always been called ... "Florence of... North".
С All across ... America and ... Canada and ... Russia
and ... Japan and ... India and ... China and ... Africa and
... England and ... France and ... Germany and everywhere
else in the world a kind of panic seized all the television
watchers.
D. I spent an hour over my school atlas doing Geogra-
phy homework: locate ... Falkland Islands. After searching the
entire coast of... Scotland I happened to glance down at the
133

bottom left-hand corner of the map, and found them off the
coast of... Argentina.
E. ... Oxford is situated in ... south of... England, about
fifty miles north-west of ... London. The oldest university in
... United Kingdom is situated in ... Oxford on ... Thames. It
was founded in the thirteenth century. The oldest university
in ... Europe is ... University of Bologna in ... Italy, founded in
the eleventh century. The second oldest is ... University of
Salamanca in ... Spain, founded in 1218, the third oldest in
the world is ... Oxford University.
F. Whether on a remote island in ... Indian Ocean or at
... Marine Museum in ... Florida, whether in a small village in
... Africa, or ... Mexico, or in a remote corner of ... Tibet;
whether in ... Pacific Ocean, or in ... ancient hills of... Paki-
stan, the coral reefs of ... Brazil, or the volcanoes of... Ha-
waii, you will marvel at the puzzle of the history and diversity
of life on ... Earth.
Упражнение 114. Переведите.
1.Китай - древняя страна на Среднем Востоке.
2.Бермуды находятся в Атлантическом океане. З.В Скали-
стых горах можно встретить множество редких животных.
4.Наполеон родился на Корсике, острове в Средиземном
море. 5.Все высочайшие вершины мира находятся в Ги-
малаях, в Азии. 6.В Калифорнии никогда не бывает снега.
7.Панамский канал соединяет два океана: Тихий и Атлан-
тический. 8.Америка состоит из трех частей: Северной
Америки, Центральной Америки и Южной Америки.
9.Казбек - вторая по высоте вершина Кавказа. Первая -
Эльбрус. Ю.Амударья течет через пустыню Каракум и
впадает в Аральское море. П.Мальта, Кипр, Капри -
знаменитые острова. 12. Мраморное море находится в
Турции. 13.«Крым», «Кавказ» и «Дальний Восток» упот-
ребляются в английском языке с определенным артиклем.
Да, и еще «Ривьера», «Рур» и «Трансвааль». 14.Если вы
134

поедете в Египет, то увидите Нил и знаменитые пирами-
ды. 15.В мире есть несколько морей, названия которых
обозначают цвета: Желтое море, Красное море, Белое
море и Черное море. 16.Все американские космические
корабли стартуют с космической базы, которая располо-
жена на мысе Канаверал. 17. Красное море находится
между Северной Африкой и Аравийским полуостровом.
Упражнение 115. Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложе-
ния, обращая внимание на употребление артиклей.
l.The Russian Tea Room, on Fifty-Seventh Street,
scarcely an octave's distance from Carnegie Hall, is a favourite
New York meeting place of the international music literary
set. 2.Since the Roman Empire Vesuvius has erupted for forty
times. Washed by the Bay of Naples, this volcano has been
sleeping for forty years. Never before has it been asleep for so
long. 3.There were so many visitors to the office today, it's
been like The Grand Central Station in New York City.
4.Teddy left the Rossiter Merchant Bank and walked across
Berkeley Square. 5.The waters of the Seine trembled in the
hazy sunshine filtering through the leafy branches of the trees
that lined the river's edge. 6.In the vicinity of the house were
the Rodin Museum, the French Academy, and the Hotel des
Invalides, housing the tomb of Napoleonl. Along with these
historic buildings, there were charming little bistros, antique
shops and art galleries. 7.In London we lived in South Ken-
sington, not far from the Victoria and Albert Museum.
8.Above the huge door of the English Embassy the Union
Jack fluttered in the cold wind. The sight of the red, white and
blue flag lifted her spirits. It was not merely a banner of co-
loured cloth that was the national emblem of Great Britain,
but a symbol of justice, democracy and freedom. 9.Switzer-
land is one of the most multilingual countries in Europe.
Many Swiss can speak several languages. The national
languages of the Swiss are German, French, Italian, and
135

Rhaeto-Romanic. The capital of Switzerland is Berne. The
Aare River curves sharply around the city centre of Berne.
10.And so summer went. I wandered for four months across
the continent, through Britain and Ireland, through Scandi-
navia, Germany, Switzerland, Austria and Italy. 11. In this
glorious continent I had a four-day visit to Copenhagen, three
trips to Brussels and a brief swing through the Netherlands.
12.We reached the dock and our train was shunted onto the
ferry, the Karl Carstens. 13.1 took a morning train to Bern.
Bern is built on the River Aare. 14.1 wasn't going to miss the
chance to see Aosta and Mont Blanc. How could I have come
this far and failed to travel through the heart of the Alps?
15.The boys were notoriously red-necked. They were making
their way by thumb from Berlin to India.
"Упражнение 116. Переведите.
1. Музей изобразительных искусств находится на
Волхонке. 2.Собор в Ковентри был разрушен во время
войны. З.На Пушкинской площади есть два больших
фонтана. 4.Кто получил Нобелевскую премию в 1958
году? 5.Он живет на Цветочной улице и работает в Сити-
Банке. 6.Большой и Малый театры — старейшие в Моск-
ве. 7.Робин Гуд и его друзья жили в Шервудском лесу.
8.В Европе есть несколько маленьких государств: Монако,
Лихтенштейн, Ватикан. 9.В каждой стране есть офис
Организации Объединенных Наций. 10.Озеро Комо нахо-
дится высоко в горах Италии. И.Гаага — типичный гол-
ландский город. 12.Невозможно осмотреть Эрмитаж за
один день. 13.Самолет приземлился в аэропорту Майами.
14.Галерея Тейт была основана сэром Генри Тейтом.
15.Центральный банк Российской Федерации провел де-
нежную реформу. 16.Новый американский боевик с Ча-
ком Норрисом идет в «Форуме». 17.Отель «Ангел» стоит
на реке У эй в городе Гилдфорде. 18. Стокгольм, столицу
Швеции, называют «Венецией Севера». 19.Скандинавия
136

включает в себя Норвегию, Швецию, Финляндию, Да-
нию и Исландию. 20.Эгейское море отделяет Грецию от
Турции.
Упражнение 117. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Расскажите о
своем последнем путешествии.
The trip was everything they could have hoped for — and
better. They wandered without a schedule, as the mood seized
them, footloose and free, finding new joy in being together
twenty-four hours a day, walking hand-in-hand like young
lovers along the Seine, on the banks of the Tiber, through the
Uffizi Palace, on a mountain path in the Swiss Alps, over the
bridges of the canals near the Great Lagoon. They stood silent
before the Cathedral of Chartres and climbed to the top of
Mont St. Michel. Together, they read Henry James about
Paris, Ruskin's The Stones of Venice and Stendhal of Rome,
dined in spring sunlight at restaurants overlooking the port of
Antibes and at tables facing the Ligurian Sea. They could not
have imagined a more perfect holiday.
^Упражнение 118. Переведите.
l.B Мертвом море нет жизни, так как оно слишком
соленое. 2.Озеро Байкал славится своей красотой. З.Ри-
вьера в Италии - знаменитый курорт. 4.Серебряный Бор
находится на берегу Москвы-реки. 5.В республике Сан-
Марино одновременно работают два президента. 6.На ос-
трове Сардиния живут Сарды (Sards). 7.Они провели ме-
довый месяц в Нидерландах, в основном в Гааге. 8.Среди
достопримечательностей Москвы можно назвать Крас-
ную площадь, Кремль, Тверскую улицу, Манежную пло-
щадь, Большой театр, Воробьевы горы и многое другое.
9.Националь и Метрополь — наиболее известные и доро-
гие гостиницы в Москве. 10.В Макдоналдсе вы можете
быстро перекусить. П.Берингов пролив разделяет Амери-
ку и Азию. 12.Кейптаун, столица Южно-Африканской
137

Республики, находится на мысе Доброй Надежды. 13.Са-
мый большой город в Африке - Каир, столица Египта.
14. Мексиканский залив - самый большой в Мировом
Океане. 15.Красное море расположено между Северной
Африкой и Аравийским (Arabian) полуостровом. ^.Нью-
касл стоит на реке Тайн (Тупе). 17.Романская стена -
одна из достопримечательностей Северной Англии. 18.Он
журналист и работает в «Известиях». 19. «7 Дней» - очень
популярный журнал в России. 20.Печора течет на север и
впадает в Баренцево море. 21.Каждую субботу они ходят в
бар «Три Дуба» на Северной улице. 22.Официальная сто-
лица королевства Нидерландов — Амстердам. Гаага — ре-
зиденция голландского правительства и королевского
двора. 23.Ватикан является резиденцией Римской католи-
ческой церкви. 24.3наешь ли ты, что Трафальгарская пло-
щадь была названа в честь знаменитой битвы?
* Упражнение 119. Географический тест.
А. 1 .What are the most famous monuments in Moscow?
2.The longest river in Italy has the shortest name, consisting
of only two letters. What is it? 3.What is the highest point on
Earth? 4.What is the longest street in St. Petersburg? 5.When
we think of this river, we picture Paris, the Eiffel Tower and
everything that is French. Can you name it? 6.What is the
oldest country in the world? 7.What river flows through a city
that has a country inside it? 8.Do you know the name of the
town where Shakespeare was born? What river does it stand
on? Is there any world famous theatre there? 9.Can you say
what is the oldest Zoo in the world? 10.Name the smallest
country in the world, with the population of just 750 people.
11.What is the biggest ocean in the world? 12.Name the big-
gest sea on our planet. What is the smallest one? 13."The
Mother of Rivers" — what river in Europe is called so?
14.There is a neutral country in Europe which actually hasn't
been in wars since 1515.What is it? 15.What is the longest ri-
138

ver on the globe? Do you know what the second longest is?
16.What is the difference between a channel and a canal?
Name the most famous ones. 17.Name the country in Central
Europe with the highest population density. 18.What is the
most mysterious spot on the Earth's surface? 19.There is a
famous city which is in danger of going under the water. What
is it? 20.What are the oldest books in the history of mankind?
21.What are your favourite places in your city, country or in
the world?
*B. Коммуникативное задание.
Игра "I packed my bag for..."
Каждый из вас выбирает страну, которую хотел бы
посетить. Какие вещи вы положите в сумку? Начните со
слов "I packed my bag for..." и продолжите любыми суще-
ствительными в единственном и множественном числе в
алфавитном порядке.
Например: I packed my bag for England and in my bag I put
an album, bananas, a camera...
Каждый последующий учащийся повторяет весь
список с самого начала, добавляя свое существительное.
Упражнение 120. Прочитайте текст и обсудите его в группе.
Whose English?
English is the world's favourite language, but it's not
quite British.
English is doing well among the world's languages; from
a European perspective, it is the most successful language
since Latin. The advantage to this country is enormous, both
directly, in the English language industry, and indirectly, in
the lack of communication barriers to British people travelling
overseas or trading with foreign businesses. So willing is the
rest of the world to use English that the country itself is
139

a draw to tourists, visitors and investors. One of the principal
reasons for choosing the UK is the 'common language'. Many
industrialists are more comfortable with English than French,
German or Spanish.
The success of English has nothing to do with anything
linguistic. Its spelling system, or lack of it, makes it more dif-
ficult to relate spoken and written forms; its huge vocabulary
makes it hard to use and its apparently simple grammar is full
of difficulties. It's not very much like other languages, it is
a mongrel language.
The fate of English, as of any language, is determined by
a combination of power, politics, history and geography, and
not by its words or its sounds, or even, sadly, its literature.
The foundations of the global utility of English were laid in
the days of the Empire, and mainly by the economic success
of that former colony, the United States of America.
English was requited as a medium. It was spoken round
the clock and round the globe, and especially by important
people. Education, religion, law and other colonial imports
were offered in English. When independence came, and as the
newly-independent countries considered their language poli-
cies, most maintained English in a central position.
There is a Babel of varieties of English worldwide. If eco-
nomic and political power was the only force in determining
language use, then the world would be speaking American Eng-
lish. British English would be a relic of the past, like steam en-
gines. But the British variety has shown a remarkable tenacity.
Of course, American English is very strong also, partic-
ularly in South America and parts of Asia, while Australian
English is gaining passage in the Pacific rim. More and more
countries are reconciled to having at least two standards:
American and British English.
Joining the competition are the 'Englishes' of other eco-
nomic powers, particularly Germany, which offers a very
serviceable form of English that does not have the native-
speaker tag on it.
140

There is, of course, a down side to this, and it is that
British people are pretty reluctant to learn anyone else's lan-
guage, when they can do almost anything in English. The
courtesy of using the native language of a colleague, client or
customer is still not available to most educated people from
this once-island.
Scholars might just have a small say in what happens
next. British English is famous for its monuments, like the big
dictionaries and grammars that help to establish standards.
Nowadays it is huge computer-held collections of language
texts that form the reference points. In this area Britain is
leading the way with corpora like the Bank of English at
Cobuild in this University, now 323 million words in length,
available to answer most conceivable queries about the world's
favourite language.
(by John Sinclair, Professor of Modern English Lan-
guage and Editor of the Collins COBUILD series of dictionar-
ies and language publications. April, 2001)
Упражнение 121. Объясните употребление артиклей с выделен-
ными словами и словосочетаниями.
l.Most people in Sweden can speak some English, so
you don't have to worry about a language barrier. 2.English
has always been a hybrid language, what Daniel Defo called
"your Roman-Saxon-Danish-Norman English". 3.The
modern world is a very small place. More and more people
need a second common language. For millions that lan-
guage is English. Today the English language is an industry.
The name of the industry is E.L.T. (English Language
Teaching). 4.The Queen's English is the official English ac-
cent. This is the accent of the Royal Family and (the) BBC
news-readers. 5.People from the east of London (Eastend-
ers) are called Cockneys. The cockney accent is one of the
most famous in the UK. 6.There are strong local accents
and dialects in many other cities of Britain. For example,
141

the accent and dialect of Newcastle are called "Geordie",
which is sometimes difficult to understand. 7.As well as
English, there are three other languages in the UK. Today,
only a few thousand people speak each of them. They are:
Cornish (in Cornwall), Welsh (in Wales), and Gaelic (in
parts of western Ireland and northern Scotland). 8.English
has been called "a world language" for more than a century
and a half. 9.French was once the language of the Russian
court.
Упражнение 122. Переведите.
1.Латынь — основа многих языков. 2.Он перевод-
чик с голландского на английский. З.В Швейцарии гово-
рят на немецком, французском и итальянском языках.
4. Русский язык прошлого века отличается от русского
языка XX века. 5.Он говорит по-русски с сильным ита-
льянским акцентом. 6.Как будет по-французски «такова
жизнь»? 7.Она преподает русскую литературу, точнее,
русскую литературу XX века. 8.Английский язык при-
знан официальным языком во многих странах мира.
9.Миссис Вествуд читает лекции по английской истории.
10. История английского языка — трудный, но интерес-
ный предмет.
"Упражнение 123. Лингвистический тест.
l.Do you know how many languages and dialects there
are in the world?
2.What languages are spoken in the following countries?
a) in Argentina; b) in Australia; c) in Canada; d) in Bra-
zil; e) in Egypt; f) in Luxembourg; g) in Mexico; h) in Swit-
zerland; i) in Gibraltar; j) in Austria.
3.1n what countries is English the first language?
4. In what countries is English the official second lan-
guage?
5.What are the ten most spoken languages in the world?
142

Упражнение 124. Объясните употребление артиклей с выделен-
ными словами.
1.1 read a Dickens the other day. 2.Rita Brown explores
cultural psychology like an American Evelyn Waugh. 3.She
was a good actress. She made a memorable Helda Gabler, and
a rather touching Natalia Petrovna in "A Month in the
Country". 4.Why weren't there more Coras in the world?
Why wasn't she more like Cora? 5.On arriving at my room
I found several notes from a certain Mr. Perkins of Detroit.
6.Why have the winds of all the Russias blown into Jasper's
dining-room? 7.Dear old Marion! No words can tell how
I miss you! 8."Collect yourself, you are an Englishman, and
what's more you are a Dulton!" he repeated to himself.
9."Ratchel, is Father in?" Jimmy shouted from the door. —
"Not yet, but Mother and Aunt Fanny have just come."
10.Now we all know how crude the Swansons really are.
11.Your son could be another Newton! 12.Would you tell
aShagal from a Malevich? 13.This isn't the Paris I used to
know. 14."I see your husband is really a Jack-of-all
trades." - "Yes, and master of none." 15.A frustrated Helena
couldn't utter a word. 16.Now she was playing the practical,
sensible Trisch, the Woman Who Got Things Done. 17.Late
on Sunday afternoon, a weary and exhausted Claudia rushed
into the house. 18.Henry VIII had six wives — three Kather-
ines, two Annes, and a Jane. One of them was the King's wife
for twenty-four years, another for only a year and a half. One
died, two were divorced, and two were beheaded.
Упражнение 125. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необхо-
димо.
l.Can I introduce ... Jenny Simons? 2.Can I introduce
... Jenny Simons, I told you about the other day? 3.There is
... Jenny Simons waiting to see you in the hall. 4."What a
smart dress!" - "Yes, it's ... Chanel." 5."Is that ... Hugh
Grant over there?" - "You mean, ... Hugh Grant?"
143

6. ... Jones and ... Smith are two common British surnames.
7. ... Lovedays? Oh yes, we know them well. 8. ... England of
the 21st century is very different from ... England of our days.
9.Well, mine is ... Lincoln. 10.The National Gallery bought
... Constable at the auction. 11.They are calling this singer
... new Elvis. 12.Have you got ... Collins that I could borrow?
13.Like ... true Morgan she would not lose any money.
14. —I see you bought a new book of poetry, is it... Byron? -
No, it's ... Keats, and ... very expensive one. 15. ... Sergeant,
can I ask you to help me? 16."You are ... real Childe Ha-
rold!" - "And you are ... Don Juan!" 17."What a bright pull-
over!" — "Yes, it's ... Benetton." 18.Do you know who in-
vented ... Pullman? 19.This actor got ... Nika for this film.
2O.The concert hall bought... new Petroff. 21.We have ... very
good supplies manager, ... Mr. Edwards. 22."Danny, you are a
classical composer, God knows, you may be ... modern Mo-
zart."
Упражнение 126. Переведите.
1.— He мог бы ты одолжить мне своего Вебстера? - А
Хорнби тебе не подойдет? - Да, конечно. 2.Я профан в жи-
вописи. Я не отличу Сезанна от Пикассо. З.Это Лилиан?
Как она изменилась! Это совсем не та Лилиан, которую я
знал девочкой. 4.- Нельзя ли мне заказать Ньюкасл? — Да,
но у нас значится два Ньюкасла. Вам нужен Ньюкасл, ко-
торый в Америке, или Ньюкасл, который в Англии? —
Ньюкасл, который в Англии. 5.— Я купил новый телевизор
вчера. — Это Сони? — Нет, Панасоник. 6.Мы получили
факс от некоего Романова. 7.Ваш сын может стать еще од-
ним Дэвидом Копперфильдом со всеми его трюками. 8.-
Я вижу, ты купил Хонду. — Нет, это машина моей жены.
9.Завтра в Москве открывается новый Макдоналдс. 10.- Я
встретился с Полом Маккартни, когда был в Англии. - С
тем самым Полом Маккартни? - Да. 11.Никогда не дума-
ла, что у Морозовых такая шикарная библиотека. 12.Пере-
144

стань вести себя так! Ты не Скарлетт, а я не Ретт. 13.Да ты
просто Джеймс Бонд! 14.Он говорит, что у него дома есть
Калашников. 15.Девочка хочет, чтобы Дед Мороз принес
ей Барби на Новый Год. 16.Лорд Сэндвич изобрел бутерб-
род. 17. Перепуганная Марина ответила на телефонный
звонок. 18.Теперь у нас в библиотеке есть полная «Британ-
ника», и это нас всех очень радует. 19.— Няня дома? — Она
отправилась с мамой за покупками. 20.- Какой красивый
магазин! - Да, это Валентине.
§ 6. АРТИКЛИ С УНИКАЛЬНЫМИ ИМЕНАМИ
СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫМИ
Упражнение 127. Объясните употребление артиклей с выделен-
ными словами.
A. l.The sun's rays pass through the atmosphere to
warm the surface of the earth. 2.There are wonders from all
over the globe in this museum. З.ТЬе Zenith is part of the sky
directly overhead. 4.The North Star is a guiding star. 5.When
we don't get much rain, the ground gets very hard. 6.1 opened
the curtain and saw that the sun was shining brightly. 7.She
felt herself to be the middle of the world. 8.The equator is an
imaginary line round the earth. 9.The wind cannot be caught
in a net. lO.The horizon is the line at which the earth (or sea)
and sky seem to meet. 11.Around the world people give flow-
ers to say "Hello", "I love you", or simply "Thank you"; the
message is international. The British traditionally give roses or
carnations. 12.The Galaxy we live in is called the Milky Way.
13.1 realized that we were back in the no-nonsense world of
the English.
B. l.I'm glad it's not an illusory world we've been living
in. 2.What a strange, lost world this was! 3.Through the In-
ternet you can enter a world of information. 4.The moment
a child begins school, he enters a world of competition.
5.Imagine a world where things happened on time. Imagine
145

a world where everything was exactly where you wanted it to
be. Imagine a world of elegance and efficiency designed to
make your life easier. A world to suit you. 6.A gentle wind
whispered in the trees. 7.Bill got off the train under a stormy,
dark yellow sky. 8.The lighted area of a full moon is twice as
large as that of a first-quarter or a third-quarter moon. 9.Ve-
nus is a planet second in order from the Sun. Mars is a planet
fourth in order from the Sun. Jupiter is the largest planet of
the solar system, orbiting about the Sun between Mars and
Saturn. lO.We are probably all familiar with pictures shov/ing
the rings of Saturn. Do you know that Uranus and Jupiter
also have ring systems? 11.By God, he would not have missed
the scene for the world.
Упражнение 128. Прочитайте следующий текст и перескажите
его, обращая внимание на употребление артиклей с выделенны-
ми словами.
The Little Boy Who Wanted a Flat World
There was once a little boy sitting in the back of a class
at school, listening to a teacher. The teacher had a globe of
the world on her desk and was talking to the children about it.
"Once upon a time," she said, "men thought the world
was flat, but now we know it is round, just like the globe here."
The little boy looked at the globe, but he wasn't at all
pleased with it. In his mind he imagined the world as flat as
a penny with all the seas pouring over the edge of it, down and
down, smooth as glass, down through space, rustling between
the stars. He liked the idea of a flat world so much better than
a round one, just as he liked glass castles and unicorns and
mermaids singing.
He was a very little boy you see. That very night the little
boy had a dream. He dreamed he was out in the sky - far, far,
far out, where the stars hold their small bright lamps. And so
you know what — he could see our world, and it was quite
round. Round like a little shining jewel. When he flew closer,
146

he could see the blue sea on it, and the lands like green and
brown patches. He saw these things through the streaks of
drifting clouds. Yes, and he could see day and night chasing
each other round the world, and ships sailing and coming
back to where they started, and he thought what a beautiful
world it was, and how wonderful it would be if it were really
round. Why, just think — you could start off from here and
run like lightning, leap from wave to wave, step over forests
and lakes and mountains, and be back here again before you
could wink. But with a flat world you'd just fall over the edge.
The little boy woke up and saw the wallpaper of his own
room. He had been in bed dreaming. Later, as the boy ate his
breakfast, he asked his mother, "Which is it most beautiful for
worlds to be ... flat or round?" "It depends," his mother an-
swered, "on what you think yourself." "I'm sure round worlds
are nicer after all," the little boy said thoughtfully. And they
smiled a secret smile at each other.
{after M.Mahy)
Упражнение 129. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необхо-
димо.
1.People in ... East live longer than in ... West. 2.There
are ozone holes in ... atmosphere of... Earth. 3.... young moon
appeared in ... sky. 4.1f you go to ... North, you'll find a for-
tune, if you go to ... South, you'll lose everything. 5.When the
ship reached ... equator, everybody had ... swim in ... ocean.
6. ... moon hung low in ... sky. 7.This is ... way of... world.
8.1 feel in harmony with ... Universe. 9. ... Earth has ... power
known as ... gravity. 10. ... World Service was organized many
years ago. 11. ... Earth rotates on its axis. 12. ... bright round
moon showed them the way. 13. ... ground was covered with a
carpet of golden leaves. 14.He was on an expedition to ...
North Pole. 15.The books transported Matilda into ... won-
derful world. 16.When ... moon in ... sky looks like this ")" —
it's ... young moon; when it looks like the letter "C" — it's
147

... old moon. 17.There was such ... freezing cold wind, and
such ... heavy rain, that we all stayed indoors. 18.She demands
that... world should accept her as she is. 19. ... light wind was
carrying the smell of the gas away from the hotel. 2O.There is
... good wind for boating today.
Упражнение 130. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Объясните
употребление артиклей с выделенными словами.
In my long life I have seen many changes in our habits
and customs.
The world I entered (when at the age of eighteen I be-
came a medical student) was a world that knew nothing of
planes, motor-cars, movies, radio or telephone. When I was
still at school a lecturer came to Canterbury and showed us boys
a new machine which reproduced the human voice. It was the
first gramophone. The world I entered was a world that warmed
itself with coal fires, lit itself by gas and paraffin lamps, and
looked upon a bathroom as a luxury out of the reach.
On Sundays the muffin man made his rounds ringing his
melancholy bell and people came out of their doors to buy
muffins for afternoon tea.
It was a very cheap world. When I entered St. Thomas's
Hospital I took a couple of furnished rooms for which I paid
18 shillings a week. My landlady provided me with a solid
breakfast before I went to the hospital and high tea when
I came back at half-past six, and the two meals cost me about
12 shillings a week. I was able to live very comfortably, pay my
fees, buy necessary things and clothe myself.
I had enough money to go to the theatre at least once
a week. The pit, to which I went, was not the orderly thing it
is now. There were no queues. The crowd collected at the
doors, and when they were opened, there was a struggle, with
a lot of pushing and elbowing and shouting to get a good
place. But that was part of the fun.
{After W.Somerset Maugham)
148

Упражнение 131. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необхо-
димо.
The Planets and Their Names
Our solar system is a small part of... Galaxy. ... Universe
includes billions of... galaxies. Our galaxy is called ... Milky Way.
We can see stars and planets from ... Earth. There are
ten principal planets: ... Sun and ... Moon, ... Mercury, ... Ve-
nus, ... Mars, ... Jupiter, ... Saturn, ... Uranus, ... Neptune,
... Pluto. The names of the planets came from Greek and Ro-
man gods and goddesses.
Astrology uses ... ten principal planets to describe peo-
ple's personality.
... Sun is the giver of life to our solar system. ... Moon
regulates Earth's oceans and human emotions. ... Moon sym-
bolizes ... world of dreams, feelings and mysteries.
... Mercury is ... small, speedy planet closest to ... Sun.
It's named after the winged messenger of the gods in Roman
mythology.
... Venus takes its name after the Goddess Venus, who is
traditionally associated with love and beauty.
If... Venus is a female symbol, ... Mars is a biological male
symbol. ... planet has the reddish appearance in the night sky.
... Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. ... Jupiter
was the king of the gods, thus it gives optimism and good luck.
... Saturn is a dark, cold and fatal planet.
The people, ruled by ... Uranus, are characterized by
spontaneous and impulsive energy.
... Neptune is a watery planet. ... Neptune was the king
of the sea in classical Roman mythology.
... Pluto is... only planet, which rules money, power and
sexuality.
... nine planets, ... Earth as well, revolve around the star
named ... Sun.
... Earth is ... only planet in ... Galaxy, where animals,
plants and human beings can live.
149

Упражнение 132. Употребите необходимые артикли в тексте и пе-
рескажите его.
The Telephone
Alexander Graham Bell never planned to be ... inventor;
he wanted to be ... musician or... teacher of... deaf people. Alex-
ander's mother was ... painter and ... musician. His father was
... well-known teacher. He developed ... system that he called
"Visible Speech", which he used to teach ... deaf people to speak.
In 1863, when Alexander was only sixteen, he became
...teacher in ... boys' school in Scotland. He liked teaching
there; but he still wanted to become ... teacher of... deaf people.
In 1868 ... terrible thing happened to ... Bell family.
Alexander's two brothers died of tuberculosis. Then Alexander
became ill with ... same disease.... doctor suggested ... better cli-
mate, and ... whole family moved to Canada. Alexander could
not work for ... year, but he continued his experiments with
... sound. He became interested in ... telegraph, and he tried to
find ... way to send ... musical sounds through ... electric wires.
After ... year of rest, Alexander was offered ... job at
... School for the Deaf in Boston. He was so successful that he
was able to open his own school when he was only twenty-five.
Alexander became interested in finding ... way to send
... human voice through ... electric wire. He found ... assistant,
Tom Watson, who worked in ... electrical shop and knew a lot
about building ... electric machines. They worked together to
build ... machine that... people could use to talk to one anoth-
er over long distances.
One day, when Tom was alone in ... room, he heard
... voice. ... voice was coming through ... wire to ... receiver on
... table! ... voice was Alexander Bell's! It was saying, "Come
here, Mr.Watson! I want you!"
... first permanent telephone line was built in Germany
in 1877. And in 1878 first telephone exchange was established
in New Jersey. By 1915 ... coast-to-coast telephone line was
opened in ... United States.
150

Упражнение 133. Прочитайте и переведите предложения. Объяс-
ните употребление артиклей с выделенными словами.
l.The apple tree and the grape are the oldest fruit-trees.
2.The orange tree is twenty feet high and it gives from three to
four hundred oranges a year. The orange tree lives about
a hundred years. The older trees give better fruit than the
younger ones. 3.1 suspect the apricot is the king of fruit. 4.The
azalea is truly an adaptable shrub as it will grow in all climates.
5.The most beautiful and'beloved member of the plant family,
the rose, is one of the oldest flowers in civilization. History
has, indeed, put the rose in a unique position among the flo-
wers. No other has enjoyed such homage from so many diffe-
rent cultures and regions of the globe. 6."After we have won,
you must come to hunt." - "To hunt what?" - "The boar,
the bear, the wolf, the ibex." 7.White sheep from the moun-
tains of the Jukon, Alaska, and the north-west territories are
considered by many to be the world's most beautiful wild
sheep. 8.Man is harsher than iron, harder than stone and
more delicate than a rose. 9.The park has given way to a beau-
tiful forest, where man comes and goes as a visitor. 10.When
ancient man banged two pieces of metal together and found
that he liked the sound, he started a trend. Now, thousands of
years later, people all over the world are still enjoying the mu-
sic of bells. 11. Some streets were lighted by electricity, and
Jamie heard that it was possible to talk to someone on the
other side of the town by means of a wonderful new machine,
the telephone.
Упражнение 134. Переведите.
1.Кит - млекопитающее, но он живет в море.
2.Страус - самая большая птица на земле. З.Слон живет
в Индии и в Центральной Африке. 4.Жираф — самое вы-
сокое животное. 5.Мой любимый цветок — роза. 6.Во
многих странах есть памятники животным: в нашей стра-
не это памятник собаке, в Индии — памятник слону, в
151

Соединенных Штатах — памятник обезьяне. 7.Когда и
кем был изобретен телефон? 8.Велосипед — прекрасное
транспортное средство. 9.Гитара появилась в Испании
в 13 веке. 10.Никто не знает, когда человек изобрел коле-
со. 11.Подлежащее и сказуемое — главные члены предло-
жения. 12.Детективный роман — один из литературных
жанров. 13.Детективный роман помогает скоротать время
в путешествиях. 14.Артикль — служебное слово, выража-
ющее идею определенности и неопределенности. 15.Ко-
рова — священное животное в Индии. 16.Тюльпан - один
из самых первых весенних цветов. 17.Доллар — денежная
единица Соединенных Штатов Америки. 18.У муравья
шесть ног. 19.Волынка — национальный инструмент шот-
ландцев. 2О.Тюльпан был привезен в Нидерланды из Тур-
ции в 15 веке. Слово «тюльпан» происходит от турецкого
слова «тюрбан».
§ 7. АРТИКЛИ С СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫМИ SCHOOL,
COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY, BED, TOWN, HOME, CHURCH,
HOSPITAL, PRISON, JAIL
Упражнение 135. Объясните употребление артиклей с выделен-
ными словами.
l.We don't have to go to school today, and we are over
the moon with joy. 2.Go to bed when you have had supper.
3.Rosy refused to go to hospital unless I promised to look after
her cat. 4.Prison is not the answer to many social problems.
5.My Granny goes to church every Sunday to say prayers.
6.There is a new restaurant in town. Have you been to it? 7.He
studies finance at college. 8.He went to jail for dangerous
driving. 9.There is no place like home. Home, sweet home!
10. Doctors advise me to sleep on a hard bed. 11.1 wonder
what's life like in an English private school. 12.Sometimes,
especially on rainy days, the castle looked like a prison.
13.There was a chapel in front of the school. 14.The child
152

goes to a prestigious school in Salisbury. 15.Usually he spends
summer in a nice little town on the Oka. 16.There is an old
military hospital in the area. 17.Frightened by loud voices, the
dog hid under the bed. 18.The school was kept by two gentle-
men who did very little work. 19.The staff of the hospital has
a good reputation for performing transplant operations.
20.There is a good library in the prison. 21.He is in town to
promote the film. 22.The springs of the bed were old metal
heavy ones.
Упражнение 136. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необхо-
димо.
1.If you go to ... bed late, you'll stay very small; if you go
to ... bed early, you'll grow very tall. 2.Soon time came to start
... school. 3.If the test is positive, you'll have to go to ... hospi-
tal at once. 4.People go to ... church to say their prayers.
5.Ten years in ... prison taught him nothing. 6.There is not
a place in the world in which character is more important
than in ... English Public School. 7.He first went to ... college,
and then entered ... Newcastle University. 8.1 had ... uncom-
fortable bed at the hotel. 9.This is ... prison for women.
10.The stadium is rented by ... school for the boys to play
football. 11.The priest goes to ... prison to encourage the pris-
oners. 12.He stays at ... University till late evening. 13.1 met
him by accident in ... town. 14.The lawyer went to ... hospital
to make a will for Mike. 15.Martha works as a nurse in
... children's hospital. 16. ... church was empty. There were no
services on that day. 17.1 don't like anything about ... town
life. Life in ... country suits me best. 18. ... beds are still un-
made, aren't they? 19. ... school finishes at the normal time of
3.40 p.m. 20.Stationery and text-books are provided at
... school. 21.This is such a treat, getting a cup of tea in ... bed.
22.Her sons worked as waiters in ... town. 23.They caught
a bus that was going to ... prison. 24.Take ... first left after
... church.
153

Упражнение 137. Прочитайте и переведите предложения. Объяс-
ните употребление артиклей с выделенными словами.
1.Today, in the mail, we all got our summer reading lists
for school. 2.This morning, she stayed in bed until noon.
3.School starts again in just about three weeks! How did that
happen? Where has summer gone? 4.1 like any kind of archi-
tecture, from a stone church in Italy to a skyscraper in Chica-
go. 5.She sat down heavily on the bed. 6.Mrs. Nichols lived
right next to the school. 7.The vicar conducted the service in
the church. 8.There's no point in going to school if you are not
willing to learn. 9.After class, Sara came up to Ted. From
then on, their meetings after class became a ritual. 10.For
a few days, the school could talk of little but the incident.
11.1 went to a very good school. 12.There is a small cemetery
behind the church. 13.As they entered November, the weather
turned very cold. The mountains around the school became icy
gray.
^Упражнение 138. Переведите.
1.Пожалуйста, поторопись, а то опоздаешь в школу.
2.Городок становится больше, и людям нужна новая цер-
ковь. З.Эта машина привозит еду в тюрьму раз в день.
4.Это была больница, в которой я родился. 5.Он подошел к
кровати и посмотрел на спящего ребенка. 6.Платите штраф
или отправитесь в тюрьму! 7.Моя бабушка ходит в церковь
каждое воскресенье. В церкви она встречает своих соседей.
8.Я знаю, что сегодня она встречается в городе со своим
адвокатом. 9.Давай встретимся после занятий возле шко-
лы. 10.У нас в городе есть госпиталь с современным обору-
дованием. 11.Они вместе учились в колледже. 12.Позвони
в больницу и узнай результаты анализов. 13.Какая старо-
модная кровать! Она что, из музея? 14.Я подброшу тебя до
госпиталя, а потом поеду в колледж. 15.Каждый месяц я
хожу в школу на родительское собрание. 16.Доктор, как
долго мне придется оставаться в больнице? 17.Когда заня-
154

тия заканчиваются, я еду домой. 18.Карловы Вары — оча-
ровательный город. 19.Тебе лучше повесить картину над
кроватью. 20.Его отправили в тюрьму за то, что он совер-
шил ограбление. 21.Что ты собираешься делать после того,
как закончишь школу? 22.«Эти книги нельзя выносить из
школы, дети,» — сказал учитель. 23.Сколько раз я говорил
тебе, чтобы ты не ставил ботинки под кровать? 24.— Какая
красивая церковь! - Да, церковь была построена в 15 веке,
но она больше не используется как церковь.
§ 8. АРТИКЛИ С СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫМИ,
ОБОЗНАЧАЮЩИМИ ПРИЕМЫ ПИЩИ
Упражнение 139. Объясните употребление артиклей с выделен-
ными существительными.
1.1 very often invite my friends to tea and supper. 2.1f you
hurry, you'll be in time for dinner. 3.After tea there was much
talk about the match. 4.Danny watched his plate at dinner and
at breakfast without saying a word. 5."Let's arrange a lunch for
all your friends," my father said. 6.Brunch is a late morning
meal eaten as the first meal of the day. 7.He throws a dinner
party for at least ten people every week. 8.1 always eat a big
breakfast. 9.He treated us to an expensive supper at the Ritz.
10.At five-thirty we had an early supper of sausages and bacon.
11 .The tea ended in disaster when I broke a willow plate that
Mum had had for years. 12."I'm afraid it's not a very tasty
lunch," she remarked. 13.When I entered the kitchen there was
a welcoming supper on the table. H.Before dinner he usually
has a whisky and soda at the bar. 15.Lunch really tastes better
out-of-doors. 16.A European breakfast consists of toast with
marmalade and tea or coffee. 17.In colloquial American English
"an eatery" is a restaurant or an eating place, where you can
have a meal. 18.If you put some more salt in the dinner, it'll be
just fine. 19.How many meals a day do you have? 2O.Dessert is
sweet food served at the end of a meal, especially fruit.
155

Упражнение 140. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необхо-
димо.
l.She went into the kitchen to fix ... cold lunch. 2.She
had no appetite for ... delicious dinner which Cora had
cooked. 3.The guests began arriving for ... wedding dinner.
4.1 won't eat ... breakfast, it's burnt again. 5. ... free brunch is
offered to children in Disneyland. 6.We took ... set-dinner
which cost ten pounds. 7.This is a serious matter, let's discuss
it after ... dinner. 8.What would you like to have for ... lunch,
my dear? 9.Many celebrities were present at ... dinner in the
White House. 10.Well, children, sit to table, ... dinner is
ready. 11.What about ... lunch? I'm dying for a cup of tea.
12.What ... mouthwatering supper! 13.They organized ... cha-
rity dinner for the homeless. 14.Do you have ... lunch at the
office or at the bistro nearby? 15.The University gave ... fare-
well dinner to the graduates. 16. ... supper which she cooked
was uneatable. 17.Now I must rush to the kitchen and have
a look at... dinner. 18.Stephen cooked ... delicious meal for us
last night. 19.In many countries ... main meal is eaten in the
middle of the day. 20.On the first day of the vacation we all
slept late and then had ... huge brunch. 21.They had ... inti-
mate little breakfast for two.
Упражнение 141. Прочитайте и объясните значение выделенных
слов и выражений.
l.Good food takes a lot of preparation, and that takes
time. And food always tastes better if served on warmed plates.
2.One of our favourite snack foods is popcorn - a treat dis-
covered by the American Indians. 3."It's not a very big
breakfast, Philip," Anne said. "I stopped off at Harrods and
picked up a few cold meats, and I made a salad." 4.Ideally,
wine should be kept in a cool, dark place. Sweet white wines
can be slightly chilled. 5.This is a cult wine with a centuries
long reputation. 6.Riesling, Semilion and sparkling wines have
a fantastic reputation. 7.Good wines are the best buys before
156

Christmas. 8.1 am used to eating salads. Vegetable salads are
my favourites. 9.A fruit salad goes well with ice cream.
10.This jug is ideal for serving fruit juices. 11.Two teas and
a coffee, please. No sugar. 12.Out of the delicious selection of
starters I'll take a chicken filet, fresh fruit and vegetable toast.
13.Spain has an excellent range of cheeses. There's a mild
goat's cheese and a creamy blue cheese, which are the best.
14.1 am surprised at the variety of cheeses that have appeared
in our shops. 15.John Lanchester often enjoys simple Chinese
food in a Cantonese cafe or in a tea house. He knows a Chi-
nese family which runs a takeaway restaurant in London.
Foodies rate their cuisine highly. The tea house is a popular
kind of eatery in China. It serves snacks and cakes and one-
plate meals. A set-menu which is short and simple consists of
four soups. John prefers a Singaporean seafood soup — prawns,
mussels and squids in a thick spicy broth. It tastes terrific, and it
also smells terrific. At teatime they serve Chinese cakes and
herbal teas. Every time John thinks he'll be back soon.
Упражнение 142. Переведите.
1.Я покажу вам дом и сад после ланча. 2.Разве нам не
пора обедать? Я умираю от голода. З.На мой день рожде-
ния мама готовит особый ужин. 4.Давай пообедаем в ки-
тайском ресторане. 5.Я всегда пользуюсь кулинарной кни-
гой, когда готовлю обед. б.Садись за стол, а то обед осты-
нет. 7.Ужин в индийском ресторане был очень острым.
8.Сколько стоит комплексный обед в этом ресторане?
9.Не забудь помыть руки перед обедом! 10.Время ланча.
Что ты обычно ешь за ланчем? 11.Французы, как правило,
едят морепродукты на обед или на ужин. 12.На Рождество
мы готовим необычайно вкусный ужин. 13.На десерт я
обычно беру мороженое, которое я очень люблю. 14.Ужин
состоял из рыбы и жареного картофеля. 15. - Обед готов.
- А что у нас на обед? - Нечто особенное! 16.Не ешь кон-
феты перед обедом.
157

Упражнение 143. Прочитайте и переведите предложения. Объяс-
ните употребление артиклей с выделенными словами.
l.In this doctor's opinion, it is essential to eat a big
breakfast. 2.We had a quick meal at the Union Oyster
House. 3.And in parting, he added, "Have a good break-
fast." 4. She had the cook prepare a cold supper of salad,
smoked salmon, cold meats and chicken, cheeses and fresh
fruit - the things he enjoyed the most. 5.He had a hasty
lunch in a cafe near Fiftieth Street. 6.She was too lazy to
make lunch. 7.Dinner was served from the buffet and people
were wandering around with plates of food. 8.On the
evening after Danny's last appearance in Berlin, von Kara-
jan arranged a midnight supper at the Kempinski with the
director-general of Deutsche Grammophone Records. The
next morning Danny had a five-album contract. 9.Suddenly
making a decision, taking control of the situation, he said in
a firm voice, "Let's go. I'll take you to lunch. I know a good
place for a hamburger or a salad, whichever you prefer." -
"Good idea," she responded. "I'm starving." 10.It was a
most extraordinary meal, but then we always had a most
elaborate dinner. 11.As soon as I am free, we'll have a quiet
meal and a good heart-to-heart talk.
"Упражнение 144. Прочитайте и переведите текст, обращая вни-
мание на употребление артиклей.
Russian Food
Contrary to rumors, Russian food is delicious.
Breakfast is a big meal. It can include cottage cheese,
pancakes (blinchiki or syrniki which are made with cot-
tage cheese), jam, sliced cheese, cold ham, fried eggs,
omelet or kasha (hot porridge with a boiled egg on the
side), sweet buns and ordinary bread, coffee, tea and
juice. There is a great variety of Russian soured milk prod-
ucts, such as kefir (drinking consistency) and smetana
(sour cream).
158

Lunch tends to be at about 2 o'clock, if at all. The con-
cept of fast food, cafes and restaurants is catching on, but not
fast enough to find somewhere to eat at midday on every
street corner as in Paris or New York, so it is vital to stoke up
at breakfast time.
Dinner can begin at around 6.30 p.m. At either lunch or
dinner a traveller should beware of overdosing on the first
course (zakuski), with its tempting array of smoked fish, cav-
iar, meat, salad, pickled mushrooms, cucumbers and so on -
all washed down with vodka. Next comes the soup, usually
clear, made with vegetables, and maybe a piece of meat float-
ing in it or dumplings. Then comes the main course, meat or
fish, with potatoes or rice.
Dessert is perfunctory, either ice cream or compote
(stewed fruit). Tea, rather than coffee, follows the meal.
The Russians have a very sweet tooth and serve delicious
chocolates and biscuits with tea mid-morning and in the af-
ternoon. From one small Scottish firm alone they import four
million chocolate bars a month.
(from "Xenophobe 's guide to the Russians "
by E. Roberts)
Упражнение 145. В английском языке существует много употре-
бительных выражений, связанных с едой. Как вы понимаете сле-
дующие выражения? Дайте примеры ситуаций, в которых они
могут быть использованы.
1.You'd better not spill the beans. 2.She seems full of
beans. 3.1t was a piece of cake. 4.They're selling like hot
cakes. 5.He's such a butter-fingers. 6.She knows which side
her bread is buttered. 7.It's about as useful as a chocolate tea-
pot. 8.Oh, hard cheese! 9.He seems a bit cheesed off.
10.1 don't want to play gooseberry. 11.I've been left with egg
on my face. 12.It was easy as pie. 13.Too many cooks spoil the
broth. 14.An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 15.As you
bake, so shall you brew.
159

Упражнение 146. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необходимо.
Tea
Tea is ... extremely popular tipple.
Who made ... first cup of... tea? Give up? Okay, it was
... Chinese Emperor called Shen Nung. He made it by mis-
take. While ... emperor was sitting under ... tree, ... leaf fell
into his boiling pot of water and, hey presto, ... quick drink.
We have been drinking ... tea for hundreds of years, but
... tea bags were invented only in 1953. ... Tea was first sold as
...health-giving drink to cure ...headaches, to improve
... sight, and help ... kidneys.
Today ... tea is still ... very natural thing which contains
tiny amounts of ... vitamins and ... minerals. It does contain
... caffeine, which acts as ... stimulant to ... nervous system.
...herbal teas are by no means new. As they don't come
from ... tea bush they're not strictly "tea" at all, but... tisanes,
which are made in ... same way as ... everyday tea. You can
make ... herbal teas from ... dried or ... fresh leaves, ... flowers,
... roots or ... seeds and, unlike ... normal tea, they are caf-
feine-free. You can take them for sore throats, headaches and
indigestion. They are also used as ... nature beauty lotions for
use on ... skin and ... hair and ... cold tea bags are ... great re-
lievers for ... tired eyes.
All tea comes from ... bush called Camellia Sinensis. It
originates from ... China and parts of ... India, but depending
on where ...bush is grown, also on ... soil and ...climate,
... flavour of ... tea can vary enormously.
§ 9. АРТИКЛИ С СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫМИ,
ОБОЗНАЧАЮЩИМИ ВРЕМЯ СУТОК И ВРЕМЕНА ГОДА
Упражнение 147. Объясните употребление артиклей с выделен-
ными словами.
1.Spring is the best time to start a new life. 2.The
winter was mild last year. 3.1t was midsummer, the garden
160

was full of flowers. 4.We are expecting a slushy winter this
year. 5.It was late evening when the housekeeper called
Tom. 6.The soft light of evening faded into darkness. 7.His
watch said it was nearly four o'clock in the morning. 8.On
a lovely still evening my father and I went to fly a kite. 9. It
all started on a Saturday evening. It was the first Saturday
of September. 10. "Twilight begins at about seven-thirty
this week," my father said. 11.In late evening all birds fly
up into the trees to roost. 12.Ancient advice is to get up
before sunrise and to go to bed with sunset. 13.He looked at
the sunset and the birds coming back to their nests. 14.The
gnomes were building their tiny house from dawn to dusk.
15.A silent night was followed by a bright dawn. 16.Don't
start anything new on a Monday. 17."You are as good as an
umbrella on a rainy day." 18.You'11 feel better in the sum-
mer, I am sure. 19.We meet twice a year: in early spring
and in late autumn. 20.Now it was real spring. 21.Around
noon Dad came back. 22.As so often happens in England,
the warm August afternoon turned into a chilly evening.
23.Mugging on the streets, even in broad daylight, is com-
mon in Spain.
Упражнение 148. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Найдите сказку,
прочитайте ее до конца и перескажите.
Princess September
First the King had two daughters and he called them
Night and Day. Then he had two more, so he changed the
names of the first ones and called the four of them Spring and
Autumn, Winter and Summer. But in course of time he had
three others and he changed their names again and called all
seven by the days of the week. But when his eighth daughter
was born, he did not know what to do till he suddenly thought
of the months of the year. The Queen said they were only
twelve and it confused her to have to remember so many new
names, but when the King made up his mind, he never
161

changed it. He changed the names of all his daughters and
called them January, February, March till he came to the
youngest, who was called August, and the next one was called
September.
"That only leaves October, November and December,"
said the Queen. "And after that we shall have to begin all over
again."
"No, we shan't," said the King, "because I think twelve
daughters are enough for any man and after the birth of dear
little December I shall have to cut off your head."
He cried bitterly when he said this, for he was ex-
tremely fond of the Queen. Of course it made the Queen
very sad because she knew that the King would be very much
depressed if he had to cut off her head. And she would not
like it either. But it so happened that there was no need for
either of them to worry because September was the last
daughter they ever had. The Queen only had sons after that,
and they were called by the letters of the alphabet, so there
was no cause for anxiety for a long time, since she had only
reached the letter J.
{after W. Somerset Maugham)
Упражнение 149, Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необхо-
димо.
1. ... day broke and everything seemed better. 2.... night
fell when we were halfway to town. 3. ... twilight was gather-
ing. 4.In ... autumn I always feel blue. 5.The weather usually
gets much worse in ... late autumn. 6. ... morning we met
was surprisingly bright. 7.Last time I saw her in ... autumn of
1990. 8.It was September. It was ... early autumn. 9.The
storm is over, it'll be ... lovely day tomorrow. 10.He was ly-
ing sleepless at ... night. 11.1 can never sleep on ... moonlit
night. 12.1 finished the work by ... late afternoon. 13.It hap-
pened on ... icy winter morning. 14. ... breakfast will be
served very early, right after ... sunrise. 15.When ... day
162

broke, we were ready to act. 16.On ... rainy October evening
he parted with Frankie. 17.We were caught up by ... sunset
on a narrow path in the wood. 18.Light the candle on
... balmy summer evening. 19.At the height of ... winter it
suddenly rained hard. 20.She worked from ... dawn to
... dusk but earned little money. 21.Around ... noon she fi-
nally called me. 22. ... night is young and tender. 23.Do you
think we'll have ... early spring?
Упражнение 150. Прочитайте и переведите текст, обращая внима-
ние на употребление артиклей.
It was a glorious Sunday afternoon in late October, one
of those unexpected Indian-summer days, radiant with crys-
talline light that flooded the blue sky. The garden was bathed
in a golden haze and the trees and the shrubs were already
turning colour, the autumnal foliage was a glowing mixture of
yellows and orange running to scarlet and burnt sienna.
Laura O'Neill sat on the garden seat lost in contempla-
tion. Her thoughts as always were with Blackie in France. She
had not received a letter for several weeks. On the other hand,
that dreaded telegram had not arrived either.
Emma was working at the other end of the garden, fill-
ing a basket with magnificent gold and copper winter chrysan-
themums. Laura's hazel eyes rested on her dearest friend and
her heart tightened with love and sympathy. She's painfully
thin, Laura thought. And she's exhausted. She works like
a Trojan and her responsibilities would crush anyone else.
Even the strongest and most determined of men would stagger
under the burden.
Упражнение 151. Вставьте в пропуски необходимый артикль.
Lit was ...warm Friday afternoon at the end of the
month, and Sarah had driven up to stay with me for ... week-
end. 2.It was ... dozy afternoon. 3.After ... huge Italian dinner,
... guests moved to ... living room. 4.The weather usually gets
163

much worse in ... late autumn. 5.Tender is ... night. 6.He got
... three-year jail sentence. 7. ... dinner at the Savoy cost me
... fortune. 8.She was ... big woman and wore ... forty-two.
9. ... treasures of ... Imperial City lay around him, waiting for
...his credit card. 10.Tomorrow's ...new day. 11.He is
... strong candidate for ... Oscar. 12.It came as ... shock in
...early morning. 13.1 was feeling ...bit under ...weather
...last night. 14.It's not ...ideal world we're living in.
15.There will be ... scandal if he doesn't give up ... idea.
16.... fortune tellers are ... people who will tell you your fu-
ture. 17.She had to work at ... mill to earn ... living and there
was no one available to care for ... child during ... day. 18.She
closed ... door behind her, before they had ... chance to pro-
test. 19.1 awoke to ...gloomy day. 20.1 took ...late-afternoon
train to Como. 21.It was ... nearly dusk. 22.It was ... wild No-
vember night here at ... edge of ... moors.
Упражнение 152. А. Переведите.
1.Что вы любите больше: лето или зиму? 2.Сей-
час зима. Очень холодная зима. 3.Говорят, что будет
ранняя весна. 4.Я родился осенью 1980 года. 5.Ночь.
Приближается рассвет. 6.Он остановился, чтобы по-
наблюдать осенний закат. 7.Сейчас четыре часа утра, и
я не могу заснуть. 8.Была теплая июльская ночь. 9.«Не
волнуйся, я буду дома к вечеру», - пообещала я.
10. Вчера у нас был романтичный вечер. 11. В сумерки я
любила слушать сказки моей бабушки. 12.Был пасмур-
ный день, типичный осенний день. 13.Когда в России
зима, в Бразилии — лето. 14. Ночь перед отъездом
была морозной. 15.После заката всегда становится хо-
лоднее. 16.Я слушаю новости рано утром. 17.Он ушел
ранним утром и больше не вернулся. 18.Ночь перед
Рождеством — самое чудесное время! 19.Часы показы-
вают полночь. Пора идти спать. 20. Осенний день был
сухим и ясным.
164

В. Коммуникативное задание.
Расскажите или обсудите в группе, какие времена
года вы любите и почему.
Упражнение 153. Прочитайте и переведите предложения. Объяс-
ните употребление артиклей с выделенными словами.
l.It's Friday night, early summer. It's a few minutes to
midnight and the sky is just beginning to turn a chewy, indi-
go blue. 2.Throughout the summer, the sky remained a fa-
miliar Wedgwood blue. 3.1 stood very still, breathing in the
beauty of the landscape. It was a lovely August evening, not
too hot, with a soft breeze rustling through the trees. In the
distance the foothills of the Berkshires loomed up, lush and
green against the fading sky. It was dusk. Twilight was de-
scending, and behind the dark hills the sun had sunk low.
And then it slowly disappeared below the horizon. 4. It was
a golden October day, a shimmering day. The foliage had al-
ready changed, and the trees were brilliant in the bright sun-
shine. And the sky was a perfect blue, without a single cloud.
It was a mild day, mild enough for her to sit here without
a jacket, enjoying the warmth of the sun on her face. 5.It
was a January evening at the beginning of 1995, and the sky
was ink black and clear, littered with stars. There was even
a full moon. Not even a Hollywood set designer could have
done it better. 6.1t was the second Saturday in October,
a lovely Indian summer day. The sky was cerulean blue, clear
and cloudless, filled with brilliant sunshine, and the foliage at
Silver Lake was spectacular. The trees had just turned, and
were now a mass of reds and pinks, russets and golds.
7.Now, on a Sunday morning in October, Emma sat at the
table penning another note to her father. For obvious rea-
sons, this letter had to be full of lies; but she told herself
they were really white lies. They were meant to protect her
father from knowing the terrible truth, which would shame
him.
165

Упражнение 154. Вставьте артикль, если это необходимо.
1. ... morning was clear and cold, ... kind of ... crisp,
bright day that Megan liked. ... sky was ... dazzling blue, with-
out ... cloud, and ... sun was shining. 2.It was ... crisp, sunny
winter's day, and she hoped that ... fresh air would help clear
her head. 3.1t was ...Wednesday morning in ...middle of
... September, and ... traffic had to be light from Manhattan.
It was only in ... summer that it became ... nightmare. 4.She
walked to ... window, and gazed out at ... sea. It was ... deep
blue on this mild afternoon in ... early May. 5.It was ... fine,
clear day in ... middle of ... April with ... pale sun in ... pale
sky. ...Atlantic Ocean was calmer than it had been for
... week. 6.It was ... blustery evening with ... high wind whip-
ping ... waves to turbulence. 7.They walked along ... Embank-
ment in silence, holding hands. It was ... cold, clear night
without ... cloud and there was ... full moon, and even though
... wind blowing up from ... Thames was sharp with frost, nei-
ther of them noticed. 8.She put another log on ... fire. Al-
though it was ... middle of May, it was ... damp afternoon.
9.It was ... dark night, with ... black sky empty of ... stars.
10.It's ...blustery night, and very cold. I think there'll be
... hard frost. 11.It's cold for October. I hope we're not going
to have ...bad winter. 12.It was ... exceptionally cold after-
noon early in February. ... biting north wind was blowing
down from ... plains of ... eastern Europe. 13.It was ... golden
November day, ... Indian summer day. ... sun shone brightly
in ... sky that was vividly blue, blameless, without ... cloud.
Camilla paused on ... steps of ... house, sniffing ... air, breath-
ing deeply, thinking what ... glorious day it truly was. ... ideal
day to go to ... country.
"Упражнение 155. Переведите.
1.Было утро. Было раннее утро. Было теплое летнее
утро. Он родился ранним утром. Мне трудно вставать
166

рано по утрам. Утро было прохладное, но солнечное. Ка-
кое хорошее утро! Мы доберемся до станции к утру.
2.Наступил день. Это был туманный день, день на-
шего отъезда. День был дождливым. Что ты обычно дела-
ешь в течение дня? Инцидент произошел пасмурным
сентябрьским днем.
З.Был полдень. Полдень — это 12 часов. Домохозяй-
ки стараются сделать все покупки до полудня. Посетитель
появился лишь в полдень.
4.Было послеполуденное время. Мы любим пить чай
после полудня. Маленькие дети обычно спят в послеполу-
денное время. Мы посвятили послеполуденное время
чтению.
5.Был вечер. Был морозный крещенский вечер. Ве-
чер был теплый. Был поздний вечер. Мне всегда хочется
спать по вечерам. Ты пойдешь на прогулку вечером? Мы
закончим все к вечеру.
6.Наступила ночь. Была ночь. Была тихая звездная
ночь. Я люблю смотреть на звезды ночью. Ночь была
тиха. Буря продолжалась всю ночь. Мы отправились туда
в субботу вечером (субботним вечером). У меня ночное
дежурство сегодня. Его охраняют день и ночь. Я целый
месяц не ложился спать рано.
7.Восход — это время, когда всходит солнце. Мы
пили, смеялись, болтали до рассвета. Это означает зарю
(начало) новой эры.
8.Весна — это время года между зимой и летом. Вес-
ной становится теплее. Он уехал весной 1996 года. Париж
прекрасен весной. Осень — это пора свадеб. Была ранняя
весна. Была поздняя осень.
167

Проверьте себя
Упражнение 156. Решите английский кроссворд.
Across. I.Explorer-sea captain who died after reaching
South Pole, 1912. (5) 4.Finger, or numeral from 0 to 9. (5)
7.Source of wealth, chiefly in the Middle East. (3) 9.Cleopat-
ra's last lover. (6) 11.Busy little insects. (4) 12.The day before.
(3) 13.Quality that earns the Victoria Cross. (7) 15.Britain's
Christmas turkey is an example of this food. (7) 18. Implement
used in 6. (3) 19.Writing, painting, and composing are among
the fine... (4) 20.Expansion (6) 23.It makes life on Earth pos-
sible. (3) 24.More than just punctual. (5) 25.The age of grow-
ing youth. (5)
Down. l.He wrote 37 plays and 154 sonnets. (11)
2.More than necessarily. (3) 3.Receptacle for exported food. (3)
5.Spirites of Arabian tales. (5) 6.Cricket series in which
England meets Commonwealth countries in turn. (4,7)
168

8.Old harp-like instrument. (4) 10.Obligation that unites peo-
ple. (3) 13.A humble dwelling. (3) 14.A shaft of light or
hope. (3) 16.Speak. (5) 17.Tattered clothing. (4) 18.Gesture
of obeisance or politeness. (3) 21.Groove. (3) 22.An individu-
al person or thing. (3).
^Упражнение 157. Прочитайте пословицы и поговорки и найдите
их русские эквиваленты. Объясните употребление артиклей в
них.
l.A foul morning may turn to a fair day. 2.A clean fast
(пост) is better than a dirty breakfast. 3.A nod from a lord is
a breakfast for a fool. 4.After dinner sit a while, after supper
walk a mile. 5.Early to bed and early to rise makes a man
wealthy, healthy and wise. 6.All are not saints that go to
church. 7.An hour in the morning is worth two in the
evening. 8.A misty morning does not signify a cloudy day.
9.Go to bed with the lamb and rise with the lark. lO.After
dinner comes the reckoning. 11. If you laugh before breakfast,
you'll cry before supper. 12.Better to go to bed supperless,
than rise in debt. 13.Hope is a good breakfast, but a bad sup-
per. 14.Red sky at night, shepherd's delight. 15.He that goes
to bed thirsty rises healthy.
Упражнение 158. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необхо-
димо.
Every Meal Should Be a Treat
A. There is no better ending to ... special dinner than
... classic combination of... chocolate and ... mint. It's
... chocoholic's dream! Few of us can resist ... delicious taste
of... chocolate. It's ... traditional snack, ... wonderful cook-
ing ingredient - and ... real winner when it comes to choos-
ing ... cakes, ... biscuits and ... desserts. If ... chocolate is
... passion with you, there is ... fantastic selection now in
many shops.
{from "House Beautiful')
169

B. Clee placed ... large wooden tray on ... coffee table in
... middle of... library. With ... wry smile he said, "I'm afraid
this was the best I could do." Nicky scanned ... food and be-
gan to laugh. "Oh, Clee, how marvellous! You've managed to
find some of my favourites. ... peanut butter, ... rye bread, and
... grape jelly to go with it. ... tuna salad sandwiches, and
... bacon, ... lettuce and ... tomato, ... pickled cucumbers,
... Hellmann's mayonnaise. Where did you get all this? Espe-
cially ... rye bread?" Clee's mouth twitched with laughter.
"... rye came out of... freezer, and ... rest out of... pantry.
Now," ~ he picked up ... can of Coke, pulled ... tab, and went
on — "how about one of these to wash it all down?" — "I'd
love it."
{after "Remember" by B. Bradford)
C. For lunch I ate and greatly enjoyed ... following:
... chicken paste on ... hot buttered toast, then ... baked beans
with ... tomatoes, ... lemon juice and ... olive oil. ... good olive
oil is essential, I have brought ... supply from London.
... green peppers would have been ... happy addition, but
... village shop could not provide them. Then ... bananas and
... cream with ... white sugar. Then ... hard water biscuits with
... New Zealand butter and ... Wensleydale cheese. Of course
I never touch ... foreign cheeses. Our English cheeses are
... best in ... world. With this feast I drank ... bottle of
... Muscadet out of my modest "cellar". I ate and drank
slowly as ... person should follow ... motto "Cook fast, eat
slowly". And without distractions such as ... conversations
or ... reading. Indeed, eating is such ... pleasant process that
one should suppress ... thought. Of course ... reading and
... thinking are important, but ... food is very important
too. How fortunate ... people are to be ... food-consuming
animals! Every meal should be ... treat and ... man must
bless every day which brings with it ... good digestion and
... gift of... hunger!
{after "The Sea, The Sea" by L Murdoch)
170

Упражнение 159. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Объясните
употребление артиклей с выделенными словами и фразами. Пе-
рескажите текст.
Trying to pull himself together, Mr. Dursley let himself
into the house. He was still determined not to mention any-
thing to his wife.
Mrs. Dursley had had a nice, normal day. She told him
over dinner all about Mrs. Next Door's problems with her
daughter and how Dudley had learned a new word ("Won't!").
Mr. Dursley tried to act normally. When Dudley had been
put to bed, he went into the living room in time to catch the
last report on the evening news:
"And finally, bird-watchers everywhere have reported
that the nation's owls had been behaving very unusually today.
Although owls normally hunt at night and are hardly ever seen
in daylight, there have been hundreds of sightings of these
birds flying in every direction since sunrise. Experts are unable
to explain why the owls have suddenly changed their sleeping
pattern." The newscaster allowed himself a grin. "Most mys-
terious. And now, over to Jim McGuffin with the weather.
Going to be any more showers of owls tonight, Jim?"
"Well, Ted," said the weatherman, "I don't know about
that, but it's not only the owls that have been acting oddly to-
day. Viewers as far apart as Kent, Yorkshire, and Dundee
have been phoning in to tell me that instead of the rain
I promised yesterday, they've had a downpour of shooting
stars! Perhaps people have been celebrating Bonfire Night
early — it's not until next week, folks! But I can promise a wet
night tonight."
Mr. Dursley sat frozen in his armchair. Shooting stars
all over Britain? Owls flying by daylight? Mysterious people in
cloaks all over the place? And a whisper, a whisper about the
Potters...
(after "Harry Potter
and the Sorcerer's Stone"
by J.K.Rowling)
171

"Упражнение 160. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необхо-
димо.
A. It was ... terribly hot day in ...jungle and all ... ani-
mals went to sleep. ... only creature who couldn't sleep was
... small monkey who was very thirsty indeed. It looked for
... drop of ... water but it was useless. Suddenly he saw ... tall
pot, but he didn't know if there was ... water in it. ... common
sense told him that he would die if he didn't have some water.
... monkey began to rock ... pot very gently and heard ... water
splashing in it. "I must make ... water rise," thought ... clever
animal. So he collected ... big stones and dropped them into
... pot, one by one, very gently. And ... water rose to ... very
brim of ... pot. ... monkey drank ... cool water happily and
thought: "When ...water gets too low again, I'll drop some
more stones into the pot."
B. Many years ago there lived ... boy in ... America who
was called John Chapman. ... boy loved ... flowers, ... trees and
... woods, and he knew all about ... beasts and birds who lived
in them. Once as he was happily eating ... apple he thought
how wonderful it would be to fill all ... countryside with ... ap-
ple-trees, which were his favourite ones. So when ... man
grew up, he began planting ... apple-seeds wherever he went,
up and down ... country. But once, on ...bitter winter day,
when ... snow covered all ... beloved apple-trees which he had
planted, he caught ... cold and fell ill. Luckily some Indians
who knew and loved John, saved him.
Then, on ... sunny morning John Chapman opened his
eyes and saw ... people, who had saved him. He went out into
... fields where ... snow had already melted. On and on he
went, planting ... beautiful seeds wherever he could. ... great
planter always slept in ... open air, cooked ... simple food and
made ... friends with ... animals. He was sure "that if... man
and ... nature lived in ... harmony, it would make ... world bet-
ter, much better." He was known to the settlers in ... New
172

World as ... kind and ... happy man who had made ... country-
side rich with ... beautiful trees where once there was nothing
but ... bare brown earth.
C. When I came into ... cabin I saw ... Doctor Spencer.
He was examining my father who was lying still on ... floor
with ...broken knee. ...doctor said he would have to call
... ambulance as never in his life had he seen such ... serious
case. ... ambulance arrived and my father was taken to ... hos-
pital. Doc Spencer came over to me and said that I could stay
with them until my father came back from ... hospital. At six-
thirty in ... morning I was woken up by ... ambulance men
bringing my father back. They carried him in and laid him on
... bed. ... doctor arrived to take ... look at ... patient. "Don't
wake him till ... evening." Then he looked at me and said,
"When did you last have something to eat?" I hadn't eaten
anything since ... night before. Doc Spencer reached into
... car and took out something which was wrapped in ... paper.
"My wife said you would enjoy it. She's ...terrific cook!"
Then he started ... car and ... moment later was gone. In
... room I unwrapped ... doctor's present and saw ... most fab-
ulous cake I had ever tasted in my life.
{after R. Daht)
§ 10. АРТИКЛИ С СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫМИ,
ВЫРАЖАЮЩИМИ РОДОВОЕ ПОНЯТИЕ, ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ,
ЖАНРЫ, ТЕРМИНЫ
Упражнение 161. Объясните употребление артиклей с выделен-
ными словами.
A. l.The rose was approved of by the Congress of the
USA as the National Flower. 2.The avocado is the most calo-
ric fruit eaten by humans. 3.The cat was first domesticated
by ancient Egyptians. 4.The papaya is very useful, it can
make you look younger. 5.The mountain goat, which is often
173

referred to as "the old man of the mountains", is not really
a goat. It is an antelope. 6.The belladonna ("a beautiful lady")
plant is both useful and dangerous to humans. An extract from
the plant is used by eye doctors. On the other hand, the ber-
ries of the belladonna are poisonous. 7.A flying fish can project
itself through the air at a speed of about thirty-five miles per
hour. 8.A (the) writer must never forget who he or she is writ-
ing for. 9.A spectacled bear inhabits parts of the Andes
Mountains. 10.The capuchin is the most familiar of the New
World monkeys. 11.The cockroach is believed to be the oldest
insect on (the) Earth. 12.The Australian coala bear feeds
mostly on the leaves of the eucalyptus tree. 13.A seahorse is
a most fascinating ocean dweller. 14.That's the teacher speak-
ing in you, don't be so categoric. 15.And there was still quite
a lot of the actor in him.
B, 1.Anthropology shows the development of man on
the Earth. 2.The diamond is the hardest natural substance
known to man. 3.1n the short life of man, no lost time can be
afforded. 4.Man proposes, God disposes. 5.The great destina-
tion of woman is to awaken love. 6.The pessimist sees the dif-
ficulty in any opportunity, the optimist sees the opportunity in
any difficulty. 7.The atom was known to the ancient Greeks.
8.The bicycle is a very popular means of transport in China.
9.The article is a small word which means a lot. lO.Alexander
Bell was a genius to invent the telephone. 11.The brothers
Lumier invented the cinema. 12.The radio was invented long
before television. 13.The garden has always been a religious
symbol starting from the Koran and the Bible. 14. In the eyes
of the law it's illegal.
Упражнение 162. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необходимо.
1. ... elephant is the symbol of Thailand. 2. ... potato was
first grown in the Bolivian Andes. 3.... cat is most closely related
to ... hyena. 4. ... mongoose likes to dine on snakes and eggs.
174

5.А true symbol of the frozen north is ... polar bear. 6. ... owl has
become a fictional symbol of wisdom. 7. ... tropical Mimosa is a
very sensitive plant. 8. ... otter can be now found only in the
north of Britain. 9. ... Alaskan moose is the largest member of
the deer family. 10. ...Atlantic salmon is called the "King of
Fish". 11. ... sea cow is not a cow at all. 12. ... opossum can de-
fend himself very cleverly. 13. ... coyote is the most widely dis-
tributed animal in the world. H.God made ... man and ... wom-
an. 15.Galileo was the first astronomer to use ... telescope to
study ... heavens. 16.Short is the life of... man! 17. ... man makes
... house,... woman makes ... home. 18.... metro first appeared in
London at the end of the nineteenth century. 19. ... circus makes
people remember their childhood. 20. ... telegraph works on a
special alphabet, invented by Samuel Morse. 21.A tall, slender
man with ascetic features, and silver hair, Bruce looked every
inch ... English gentleman and ... member of... establishment.
"Упражнение 163. Переведите.
1. Почтовая марка впервые появилась в Англии
в 1840 году. 2.Луковица — символ Бермуд. 3.Хамелеон из-
вестен способностью изменять свой цвет. 4. Кто изобрел
телескоп? 5.Павлин — одна из самых красивых птиц.
6.Я очень люблю балет, но засыпаю в опере. 7.Аист строит
гнездо на крышах домов. 8.Календарь — очень полезное
изобретение. 9. Кенгуру ассоциируется с Австралией.
10.Азалия может расти практически в любом климате.
11.Голубой кит ~ самое большое животное на Земле.
12.У всех насекомых шесть ног, а у паука — восемь. 13.Дра-
кон символизирует зло в сказках. 14. Компьютер был впер-
вые создан в инженерной школе в Пенсильвании в 1946
году. 15.Транзистор был изобретен в 1947 году. Авторы по-
лучили Нобелевскую премию в области физики. ^.Амери-
канское произношение отличается от британского. 17.Круг
не имеет ни начала, ни конца. 18.Телевизор был изобретен
шотландским инженером Джоном Байардом (John Baird) в
175

1926 году. 19.Основное средство передвижения в Амстер-
даме ~ велосипед. 20.Доллар опять падает, а рубль растет.
Упражнение 164. Прочитайте и объясните употребление артиклей
с выделенными словами.
1.- What are the media? - "Media" is the plural of "medi-
um" which means a channel through which information is trans-
mitted. 2.The list of the media looks like this: Advertising, Book
Publishing, Cinema, The Pop Music Industry, The Press (newspa-
pers, magazines and comics), Radio, TV, Video. 3.The list may be
shortened to: The Press, Radio, TV. 4.The news media tell us, day
by day, what's happening in the world. 5.This actress isn't as beau-
tiful as she is on television. 6.Some politicians prefer not to be seen
much on the telly. 7.1 listen to the radio while doing something in
the kitchen. 8.This agent spends most of his day on the telephone.
9.You can get in touch with me by phone. lO.If the article appears
in the papers, there will be a scandal. 11.We shall send you the
books by post. 12.1s there anything for me in the post today? 13.He
is very popular with the press.
Упражнение 165. А, Прочитайте и переведите текст.
Kick the Habit!
l.TV doesn't give experiences. It takes them away.
If you're like most people in Britain, then you're spend-
ing four hours every day staring at a piece of furniture. Televi-
sion eats up half the time you are not working or sleeping -
ten years for the average personl
All those things you want to be: a parent, a scholar,
a wild teenager or a pilllar of the community — when are you
going to do all that? TV takes away your real life.
2.TV is bad for kids.
It isn't "stimulating" or "educational". Many of the
people who support the TV-Turnoff are teachers. They've
176

seen first hand how it kills creativity and disrupts concentra-
tion.
TV has been linked to heart disease and depresion. And
far from relaxing you, TV actually raises stress levels. It makes
you lethargic, unhappy and unable to concentrate for hours
after watching.
3.TV is bad for democracy.
A study by Roger Putham at Harvard University re-
vealed that generations of people after 1950 have stopped par-
ticipating. They know less and join in less. Popele are just
staying home and doing nothing.
The study isolated a single cause for this social erosion:
television.
^International TV-Turnoff Week in Britain.
Maybe you think you can't live without TV.
But last year four million people spent a week doing just
that. TV-Turnoff is a chance to be yourself, without a ma-
chine telling you what to think and feel. Take a healthy break
from TV and you'll find out what you really enjoy doing.
You'll have twice as much free time!
Aside from talking, reading, playing and spending time
with real people, you'll have a chance to reconsider the role of
television in your life. You'll be watching less, doing more.
5.The Turnoff is great for kids.
Kids don't like TV. They watch it because they're bored.
And television just encourages them to stay bored and keep watch-
ing. The TV-Turnoff gives children back their natural creativity.
В. Согласны ли вы со следующими утверждениями?
l.The average person will spend 10 years watching TV -
one day a week, or half the time he or she is not working or
sleeping.
177

2.1nstead of relaxing you, TV actually leaves you more
tense than when you turned it on.
3.Television causes delayed language acquisition, loss of
creativity, poor health, depression and may cause attention
deficit disorder.
Упражнение 166. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необхо-
димо.
l.We get news and information from ... press, ... televi-
sion and ... radio. 2. ... Press is the fourth power. 3.Famous
people often appear on ... TV. 4.There are many interesting
programs on ... radio. 5.1 am regularly on ... phone with my
parents. 6.What do they say in ... papers about the incident?
7.As soon as Nancy sorts out ... mail, we'll have a break.
8.Watching ... television all day long is a waste of time. 9.My
brother bought ... TV-set with a big screen. 10.Let's meet, I
don't want to talk about it on ... telephone. 11.Jim's hoping to
get a job in ... television. 12.1s there anything good on ... telly
tonight? 13.— What's on ... box? 14.1 would relax in the after-
noon, listening to ... radio. 15.At the beginning of his career
he worked in ... radio. 16.Much of what children learn comes
directly from ... mass media. 17.There are many attacks on
... media for incorrect information. 18.The plane line is out of
order, let's try to reach them by ... radio. 19.1 am listening to
a new adaptation for ... radio of Catherine Cookson's novel.
20. ... television is often called the "Plug-in Drug", a "One-
Eyed Monster", or a "Babysitter".
§ 11. АРТИКЛИ В ВЫРАЖЕНИЯХ С ПРЕДЛОГАМИ
IN, WITH, LIKE, AS
Упражнение 168. Объясните употребление артиклей с выделен-
ными словами.
l.He's supposed to be dead brainy, though I see no evi-
dence of brains. All days long he just sits there looking like
178

a wet weekend. 2.Mary looked out of the window in a bored
way, and pretended not to listen. 3.0.Henry (William Sidney
Porter) was an American writer famous for short stories with
a "twist in the tale", i.e. a surprise ending. 4.0h, my love is
like a red rose, that's newly sprung in June; Oh, my love is
like a melody that's sweetly played in tune. {R.Burns) 5.1 was
nearly insane with joy the whole time. 6.Gilbert came out of
the door and stopped in amazement. 7.His eyes were wet-
grey-blue, like precious stones. 8.A change of activity is as
good as a rest. 9.Everywhere he went, he carried his unhappi-
ness with him like a black cloud. 10.In my experience a good
row can land you with a lifelong enemy. 1 l.The boy behaved in
a wild, crazy manner. 12.Why make yourself miserable with
jealousy? 13.Luke went to bed and instantly slept like a dead
thing. 14. He was staring back at me with great attention.
15.Listen, my heart beats like a hammer! 16.Celeste swirled in
the kitchen like a tornado. 17.1 found Grandpa smoking like
a chimney on fire while reading an article dealing with the
danger of heavy smoking. 18.It's easier to hide our feelings
with a mouth than with eyes. 19. "I can never be yours," he
said with pathos. "Men are so cruel," she thought with a heavy
heart. 20.If you had as little money as manners, you'd be the
poorest of all the people. 21.She's like a dog with a bone
when she gets her teeth into something. 22.Both as an author
and as a person Agatha Christie will remain unique. 23.It's
like a Waterloo for Napoleon. 24.Life is like a box of choco-
lates. You never know what you're gonna get. 25.The Ameri-
can Bibliographical Institute selected her as Woman of the
Year. 26. She regarded Sara as a soulmate.
Упражнение 168. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необхо-
димо.
l.We lay there for what seemed like ... hundred years.
2.The keeper was a tall bony man with ... hard eye and ... hard
dangerous hands. 3."She seems in ...awful hurry, Dad,"
179

I said. "She's sort of half-running." 4.Peter's eyes blazed with
... vitality and ... curiosity. 5.The children looked like ... young
savages. 6.It's a gloomy day. Looks like ... rain. 7.With ... sick
shock I returned to my consciousness. 8.He spoke in ... easy,
friendly manner. 9.You are a strange child! Like ... old wo-
man! 10.There was a funny little hat perched right on the top
of her head, like ... mushroom. 11.She says that her life was
like ... lonely night. 12.She addressed us in ... perfectly polite
way. 13."I am quite breathless with ... admiration. You look
like ... top model, darling!" 14.The kite caught the wind and
soared upward like ... huge blue bird. 15.1 realized with ... sat-
isfaction that Ben was a bit deaf, deafer than me at any rate.
16.During their conversation he watched her in ...worried
way. 17.The waves were throwing themselves against the
rocks in ...fury. 18.She was speechless with ...surprise.
19.Nell has a waist like ...sandclock. 20.We spoke in
... strange way as if something lay behind the words. 21.Look,
Officer. I'm not drunk. I'm as sober as ...judge. 22.- So,
she's giving you a hard time. - Actually, she's going to go
away like ... good girl and not give me any further trouble.
Упражнение 169, Прочитайте следующие фразы и запомните их.
I. The Perfect Brit should be...
Humble as the Royal family.
Welcoming as the weather.
Polite as a punk.
A great cook like the English.
Sober as a judge.
Relaxed as a guardsman.
Generous as a Scot.
Intelligible as the Welsh.
II. The Perfect European should be...
Cooking like a Brit.
Available as a Belgian.
180

Talkative as a Finn.
Humorous as a German.
Driving like the French.
Technical as a Portuguese.
Flexible as a Swede.
Famous as a Luxembourger.
Patient as an Austrian.
Controlled as an Italian.
Sober as the Irish.
Humble as a Spaniard.
Generous as a Dutchman.
Organized as a Greek.
Упражнение 170. Дополните идиоматические выражения соответ-
ствующими словами из правой колонки.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
И.
12.
13.
14.
as easy as...
as fat as...
as cold as...
as dead as...
as blind as...
as plump as...
as quiet as...
as silent as...
as tough as...
as soft as...
as black as...
as greedy as...
as free as...
as cunning as...
the grave
a lamb
a bat
a doornail
a fox
a bird
pie; ABC; 1,2,3
a pig
charity
pitch
a partridge
leather
butter
soot
Упражнение 171. Вставьте в пропуски артикль, если это необхо-
димо.
1.— I am as happy as... clam in ... seaweed. — If you ask
me, I'm as happy as ... pumpkin in ... patch. 2.Nigel Kennedy
had always been good for ... company, ... great assert. He was
181

as solid, as ... rock, hardworking, dependable, devoted, and
loyal. З.Му father says that you just have to do your best to
make ... world ... better place. 4.Suddenly she felt like ... fool.
5.By ... day, she worked at ... mill; at ... night, after ... hastily
eaten high tea, she cut and sewed clothes for ... local women.
6.Arthur had always been her stepping-stone into ...whole
new world. 7.She still had ...perfect figure, without ...extra
ounce of flesh, yet she was not ... walking skeleton like some
of ... New York women she knew. 8.Before tennis became
... popular sport, it used to be ... game played only by ... rich
and ... aristocratic. 9.Certainly ... history of... clock is still be-
ing written. 1 O.Demi had made it to ... very top of the movie
industry through ... mixture of ... good looks, ... luck, ... ambi-
tion and ... hard work. 1 I.Emma gave Joe ... smile that would
have melted half ... ice in ...Arctic Circle. 12. He looked like
... man who had just inherited ... million pounds. 13.You look
as if you've lost ... pound and found ... sixpence. 14. ... silence
in ... room was such that ... pin dropping would have sounded
like ... clap of ... thunder. 15.God, I love this country. And it
occurred to me, not for ... first time, what ... remarkably small
world ... Britain is. 16. ... 19th century was ...golden age for
Britain, as ... country was in ... most happy and prosperous
state. 17.If... boom in ... computer market continues, ... com-
pany is going to open ... third and ... fourth microchip plant in
... Scotland. 18. ... moment ... child begins ... school, he enters
... world of vicious competition where ... success and ... failure
are clearly defined and measured. 19. She patted him on
... head. 20. ... sun set behind ... hills and ... night fell.
Упражнение 172. А. Дополните предложения необходимыми по
смыслу словами.
I.She sings like... 2.She runs like... 3.She swims like...
4.She flies like... 5.It was as light as... 6.She was as happy as...
7.She sleeps like... 8.It was as safe as... 9.She was as pretty as...
10.He was as busy as... ll.A change is as good as... 12.It was
182

as hard as... 13.It was as heavy as... 14.He was as ugly as...
15.It was as black as... 16.She was as white as... 17.He is as
slow as... 18.He is as merry as... 19.He is as brave as... 2O.He
is as blind as... 21.He is as limp as... 22.He is as obstinate as...
23.It's as old as... 24.It's as safe as... 25.He is as deaf as...
26.He is as drunk as...
*B. Коммуникативное задание.
Используя выражения, приведенные выше, обсуди-
те характер и привычки своих друзей. Помните, что кри-
тика должна быть мягкой и дружелюбной.
"Упражнение 173. Переведите.
1.Хотя эта история и стара как мир, я хотела бы ее
послушать. 2.У нее большая семья, и поэтому с утра до
вечера она крутится как белка в колесе. 3.Хотелось бы
мне быть красивой как картинка, петь как соловей,
плавать как рыбка. 4.Нет проблем. Это проще простого.
5.Ты только посмотри! После этой ужасной ссоры она
спит как невинный ребенок. 6.Она счастлива как невес-
та в день свадьбы. 7.Билл хочет, чтобы его жена была
тиха как овечка. 8.Джек построил дом, который был на-
дежен как крепость. 9.Евгений одевался как лондонс-
кий денди. 10.Праздник был грустный, подобно Рожде-
ству без елки и подарков. 11. Вы для меня как вторая
семья! 12.Нет, он не откажется от своей глупой затеи.
Он упрям как осел. 13.Я не могу относиться к этим лю-
дям с симпатией. Они превратили мою жизнь в хаос.
Н.Скарлетт была в отчаянии, когда Ретт покинул ее.
15.-«Как тебя зовут?» — спросил он шепотом. — «Сэн-
ди», - ответила она тихо. 16.Наступил ноябрь. Подмо-
раживало. Вода в озере была похожа на застывшую
(chilled) сталь. 17.Дети тесно сидели на заднем сиденьи
машины словно сельди в банке. 18.Она зашипела на
мальчишек словно сердитая гусыня.
183

§ 12. АРТИКЛИ В СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЯХ С ПРЕДЛОГОМ OF
Упражнение 174. Объясните употребление артиклей в выделен-
ных словосочетаниях.
1. Hilda Roberts is clever enough to be at the top of the
class. 2.The tone of the story is set from the very beginning.
3.Jessica has the face of an angel and the character of a man.
4.Martin is fed up with the life of a bachelor. 5.The influence
of general computerizing cannot be overlooked. 6.These two
countries united for the betterment of Europe. 7.Morning!
Does anyone want a quick cup of coffee? 8.A bar of fruit and
nuts chocolate is a good snack. 9.1 bought a piece of furniture
which cost me a fortune, but you'll never guess what it is.
lO.We are right in the middle of Christmas preparations now,
join us! 11."I have never had such a feeling of complete and
utter love as now." 12.The choice of words is very important
in our everyday life. 13.A spot of colour appeared on her pale
face. 14.At the beginning of the talks we were offered tea and
coffee. In the beginning there were strong arguments, but in
the end we came to an agreement. 15.We must certainly put an
end to this awful war. 16.1 had the surprise of my life when I
saw this. 17.Do you believe that the fortune of a man can be
told by his face? 18.The roof of a private house needs regular
care. 19.The roof of the garage leaks and the top of my car is
getting rusty. 2O.What I actually need is a piece of sensible ad-
vice. 21. Great treasures lie hidden in the depths of the World
Ocean.
Упражнение 176. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необхо-
димо.
1. ... back of ... chair should be hard to help a child not
to stoop. 2.We're trying to get to ... heart of ... matter. 3.
... end of... novel puzzled all the readers. 4.... moral of... fable
is rather instructive. 5.At ... age of fifty he still had ... figure of
...young man. 6.There was ...trace of... hesitation in her
184

voice. 7.At ... end of ... path the flowers joined above our
heads. 8. ... flock of ... birds settled on ... roof of ... cathedral.
9. ... profile of ... young man reminded her of ... Greek god.
10.Many great ships found their final destination at ... bottom
of ... Pacific. ll.You can admire ... panorama of ... Florence
from ... top of... hill. 12.1 find him to have ... peculiar sense of
... responsibility. 13.1 used to live in ... big block of... flats. 14.1
have never heard ... word of ... truth from Betty. Have you?
15.The new life was like ... heavens of ... Paradise for him.
16.My Christmas gifts are safely hidden at ... bottom of ... big
bright box. 17. ...piece of... information that came with
morning mail is very timely. 18.The snow lay thick on ... roof
of ... cottage. 19.Grandma's stone deaf. You'll have to shout
at... top of... your voice if you want her to hear you. 2O.There
was ... expression of ... disgust on her beautiful face when she
saw a spider.
Упражнение 176. Прочитайте текст и объясните употребление ар-
тиклей с выделенными словами.
And they went on dancing for the rest of the evening as
if in a dream. And she thought: I'm falling in love with him.
And she had no regrets; she was filled with the most total
kind of happiness she had ever known. Mark glanced down at
Teddy and saw the radiant joy reflected on her face. He would
never forget this moment or this song as long as he lived... he
had just realized he had found the woman of his life. He
brushed his lips against her cheek without breaking the rhythm
of their steps, and they danced around the floor once again.
They walked along the embankment in silence, holding
hands.
It was a cold, clear night without a cloud and there was
a full moon, and even though the wind blowing up from the
Thames was sharp with frost, neither of them noticed. They
were both too preoccupied with themselves to be aware of
such a mundane thing as the weather.
185

The stretch of the embankment behind the Savoy Hotel,
which they had just left, was as dark as pitch because of the
blackout regulations; not a crack of light was visible from
the hotel windows, and all the street lamps were doused for
the same reason. But the bright moon lighted their way, and at
one moment Mark lifted his eyes to the sky and said, "It's
perfect weather for flying, Teddy. I'd love to be up there with
you in my plane, taking you for a spin right now. It's so
breathtaking on a night like this, awe-inspiring, really." As he
spoke he looked down at her and caught his breath. In
the moonlight her face was clearly illuminated, and once again
he saw her adoring expression, and his heart missed a beat.
He pulled her to him tenderly, wrapped his arms around her
and kissed her fully on the mouth.
{after B.Bradford)
Упражнение 177. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необходимо.
A. The seven wonders of the Ancient World are:
1. ... Great Pyramid of ... Cheops; 2. ... Hanging Gar-
dens of ... Babylon; 3. ... Temple of ... Artemis at ... Ephesus;
4. ... Statue of ... Zeus at ... Olympia; 5. ... Mausoleum at
... Halicarnassus; 6. ... Colossus of ... Rhodes; 7. ... Pharos of
...Alexandria;
B. These are the values of life that one can enjoy:
1. ...value of ...time; 2. ...sweetness of ...victory;
3. ...success of ...diligence; 4. ...pleasure of ...walking;
5. ...dignity of ...simplicity; 6. ...worth of ...character;
7. ...power of ...kindness; 8. ...influence of ...example;
9. ...wisdom of ... economy; 10. ...virtue of ... patience;
11. ...obligation of ...duty; 12. ...greatness of ...talent;
13. ...joys of... life; 14. ... beauty of... woman; 15. ... stability
of... man; 16. ... innocence of ... child.
C. Составьте собственные фразы, подобные приве-
денным выше, в которых бы отразилось то, что вы цените
в жизни.
186

Упражнение 178. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необхо-
димо.
1.Concorde can travel at twice ... speed of ... sound.
2.... British politics has moved to ... left over ... last few
years. З.Не led ...life of crime from ...birth to ...death.
4.Do you remember ... day you came out of ... army? 5.We
went to see ...Westminster Abbey. I think ...Abbey is a
marvellous building. 6.Can ...foreigners get ...employment
in Britain easily? 7.There's ...time and ...place for
... things like that. 8. ... smoking is bad for ... health. 9.All
...customers were disappointed by ...news. lO.Invite all
...family, ...more ...merrier! 11.There are more facilities
now for ...blind and ...handicapped. 12.1 think ...people
wish ...government would do something about ...inflation.
13. ... cheapest place to get them is a shop on ... corner of
... King Street and ... Hanover Street. 14.They gave ... din-
ner for ... whole staff just before ... Christmas. 15.Although
...price has gone up, ...quality is ...same as before. 16I've
got ...tape recorder, but not ...record player. 17. ...igno-
rance of ... law is no excuse. 18.1 got ... cold in ... winter. It
really was ... worst I've ever had. 19.There will be ... reduc-
tion of 10% on ... list price if you can pay by ... end of
...month. 20. ...vandalism is ...problem for ...society
throughout ... Europe. 21.Some of ... England's most spec-
tacular scenery is in ... Lake District, particularly near
... Lake Windermere. 22.At ... school I was quite good at
... chemistry but not at ... languages. 23. ... progress ... sci-
ence has made in recent years has astonished even ... scien-
tists themselves.
^Упражнение 179. Переведите.
1.Чтобы отремонтировать крышу гаража, нам ну-
жен ящик черепицы. 2.Сердце женщины непредсказуе-
мо. З.Вы найдете большой супермаркет в самом конце
улицы. 4.Развитие науки — это вклад в будущее страны.
187

5.Глаза человека - зеркало его души. 6.На рояле стояла
фигурка солдата. 7.Фигура топ модели должна быть
идеальной. 8.Каждый человек - архитектор своего сча-
стья. 9.Я всегда ношу с собой портрет сына. 10.Ты
идешь в магазин? Купи, пожалуйста, баночку меда.
И.Он сделал большой глоток виски и поперхнулся.
12.Чтобы испечь этот торт, мне нужна банка сгущенно-
го молока. 13.Мудрость человека в большой степени за-
висит от его опыта. 14.У него было чувство юмора, ко-
торое всегда помогало ему в трудные минуты. ^.Поло-
жи кусочек сахара в чай, но не больше. 16.Мне нужна
кругленькая сумма денег, чтобы начать собственное
дело. 17.Сирена полицейской машины заставила меня
вздрогнуть. 18.Я не забуду вас до конца моих дней.
19.Давай выйдем на улицу. Хочется глотнуть свежего
воздуха. 20. Расслабься, это же не конец света! 21.Он
помчался туда на крыльях любви.
Упражнение 180, Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложе-
ния.
l.He did it in the flick of an eyelash. 2.The answer is
on the tip of my tongue. It will come back to me in
a minute. 3.The monks would rise at the crack of dawn and
prey. 4. She knows Moscow like the back of her palm.
5.Helen will be all right in the long run, she's a real survi-
vor. 6.Naturally, I'm not thrilled about giving him the boot,
but it had to be done. 7.He is obsessed by his desire to
climb to the top of the academic ladder. 8.They were all
sharing the zenith of euphoria and pride. 9.He was at the
foothills of Olympus, but he was ready to climb it. 10.The
book was a success. It had risen quickly to the top of the
bestseller list, had sold out for a million dollars and had
been bought for Hollywood. 11. She was now determined to
get to the root of the problem. 12.The miracle of love
comes to me again.
188

Упражнение 181. Дополните предложения фразами из правой ко-
лонки.
1. Sometimes things are very
difficult. Life is not... .
2. Mary led Sam... . She kept
promising to marry him,
but in the end she left
him for John.
3. Susan's ready to... .
She's travelled all over
the world, but now she
wants to settle in one place.
4. The police were determined
to... . It took them several
weeks, but they finally
discovered the cause of
the fire.
5. Don't... . Tell me exactly
what it is you want to say.
6. John's... . He's much nicer
than any of his brothers.
7. Sally's done very well in
her job. She's at... in her
profession.
8. You should act quickly.
Don't let... .
9. I feel as if all our hard
work is beginning to... .
The results are really worth
the effort we put in!
10. The teacher realized that
the class might cause
trouble, but managed to... .
a. the grass grow under
your feet
b. nip it in the bud
с the top of the tree
d. the pick of the bunch
e. a bed of roses
f. beat about the bush
g. put down roots
h. bear fruit
i. get to the root of the
matter
j. up the garden path
189

Упражнение 182. Переведите.
1.Мы тронулись в путь с первыми проблесками
зари. 2.Вы ходите по краю пропасти. З.Меня разбудил
звон колоколов. 4.Какова структура этой организации?
5.Лингвистика — это наука о структуре языка. 6.Детектив
намерен добраться до сути дела. 7.Мы видели статую Ве-
неры Милосской (Venus di Milo) в Лувре. 8.Колесо форту-
ны благосклонно ко мне. 9.Каждое воскресенье я смотрю
передачу «Магия моды». 10.У него душа поэта. 11.Он не
герой моего романа. 12.Суперобложка (the jacket) книги
яркая. 13.Интерьер дома очень красив. 14.Круговорот
жизни бесконечен. 15.Все будет сделано в мгновение ока.
16.Его имя вертится у меня на языке, но я не могу его
вспомнить. 17.Не могли бы Вы изложить нам суть дела?
18.В конечном счете жизнь покажет, кто из нас прав.
19.Хотя они абсолютные близнецы, по характеру они раз-
ные как земля и небо.
§ 13. ОТСУТСТВИЕ АРТИКЛЯ В РЯДЕ ВЫРАЖЕНИЙ,
ВВОДИМЫХ ПРЕДЛОГАМИ
Упражнение 183. Прочитайте и переведите предложения, обра-
щая внимание на отсутствие артиклей в выделенных выраже-
ниях.
l.Day after day things may be very much the same.
2.Day by day he was getting better. 3.We work side by side
and we trust each other. 4.He read the letter slowly, line by
line. 5.The soldiers stood shoulder to shoulder to greet the
commander. 6.From time to time they went for a ride in the
woods. 7.The boy kept grinning from ear to ear. 8.They en-
tered the church hand in hand for the wedding ceremony.
9.1 enjoyed the show from start to finish. 10.From beginning
to end he acted most strangely. 11. The iceberg was hidden in
the water from top to bottom. 12.He is a gentleman from
190

head to toe. 13.In this book there are recipes on how to cook
everything from alligator to muskrat.14.The place is a shrine
to organization. From floor to ceiling are rows of neatly la-
belled red files. 15.Horse and rider should be a united whole.
16.Mother and child should be protected by the state. 17.The
prisoner was tattooed from elbow to wrist. 18.Stop sitting
here day by day and doing nothing! 19.He keeps all the offi-
cial papers under lock and key. 20.During the war the family
lived from hand to mouth. 21. She knew the rules of business
back to front. 22.Feather by feather birds build nests. 23.She
would fight for him tooth and nail. 24.They danced in si-
lence, cheek to cheek, and she wished their dance would
never end.
Упражнение 184. Переведите.
1.День ото дня погода становится лучше. 2.День за
днем она мечтала о встрече с ним. З.Они живут душа
в душу. 4.Око за око, зуб за зуб. 5.Шаг за шагом мы про-
двигаемся к цели. 6.Мы промокли с головы до ног. 7.На-
чался шторм, и катер швыряло из стороны в сторону.
8.Книга такая интересная, что я знаю ее от корки до кор-
ки. 9.Они встречали все трудности плечом к плечу.
10.Они пришли на встречу под ручку. И.Она знала, что
это был неудачный выбор от начала и до конца. 12.Вы
когда-нибудь встречались с ним лицом к лицу? 13.Она
держит свои деньги под замком. 14. Машина и водитель
слились в единое целое. 15.Мать и ребенок всегда очень
близки друг с другом. 16.У отца и сына должно быть взаи-
мопонимание. 17.Хозяин и помощник трудились с утра
до ночи. 18.Они неразлучны, словно рука и перчатка.
19.Они очень бедны и живут впроголодь. 20.Дама в крас-
ном танцует со мной щека к щеке. 21.Скоростные поезда
соединяют Хитроу с Центральным Лондоном с раннего
утра до позднего вечера. И всего лишь за какие-нибудь 15
минут.
191

"Упражнение 185. Дополните предложения словосочетаниями из
правой колонки.
in court, in bed
1. I have only one apple. Let's
divide it....
2. Do you prefer travelling ...
or ... ?
3. If they start ..., they will be
... for the train.
4. I miss you so much!
You are always ... !
5. It was ... or ... that she was
saved.
6. This Persian carpet is made
7. Her son, a sailor, is most
of the time ....
8. I know him ..., but not
personally.
9. ... you have come! Where
have you been?
10. It's a reliable airline. Planes
are always ....
11. - Is this book still ... ?
- No, it's out of print.
12. We can't say ... what will
come out of it.
13. I must tell you ... that we've
lost a first-rate teacher in Jim.
14. - Are they still ... ?
— Yes, they are going to get
married on Sunday.
15. My car is out of order again,
I'll have to go ... to the office.
16. We travelled to London first
..., then ..., and then ... .
in mind
by mistake
in vain
by air, by ferry,
by train
on time
at once, in time
by hand
on my mind
in half
by chance or by
good fortune
by night or by day
at sea
on foot
by name
at last
192

17. ... did the parents try to
stop him. He wouldn't
listen to them.
18. Sorry, I've taken your keys
19. It's most important! Keep it
..., will you?
20. The witness can't appear ...,
he is still ....
on sale
off-hand
in private
in love
§ 14. АРТИКЛИ С СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫМИ В ФУНКЦИИ
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ И ПРЕДИКАТИВА
Упражнение 186. А. Объясните употребление артиклей с выделен-
ными словами и словосочетаниями.
l.Roy, an undisciplined boy, drove many teachers to de-
spair. 2.The report, a three volume book, included 150 recom-
mendations. 3.Ms. Baker, a high school chemistry teacher, in-
spired my love of science. 4.Ben and Simon were younger than
me, burly strong fellows, but now getting fat and a little out of
condition. 5.Good evening, Alan! Let me introduce Diana
Bruce, a colleague of mine, to you. 6.1 felt sure it must be a
ghost, a visitor from another world. 7.Maya Angelou, the cele-
brated writer, will appear on television tonight. 8.The yacht
once belonged to Mr. Leyland, a wealthy shipowner from Liver-
pool. 9.Their child, a girl, was born early in May. 1 O.Walt Dis-
ney, the famous film animator and producer, created Disney-
land, a large pleasure park, which was opened in California in
1955. 11.Karl Marx, an important 19th century sociologist, be-
lieved that his role was to change the world. 12.We were ac-
cepted by Peter Illingworth, headmaster of Heaton Manor
School. 13.The boy Tom and the girl Tracey dressed as ghosts
for the Halloween party. 14.The artist Stubbs painted mostly
horses. 15.Today I'm going to watch the film about Admiral
Nelson and Lady Hamilton. 16.The next morning, a Monday,
193

my father was up at six o'clock. 17.1 found some wine in the
cellar, a litre bottle of Spanish red wine. 18.It was nearly four
years before she became Queen, yes, the Queen of Great Brit-
ain. 19.Mr. Hugh Walker, leader of the Social and Democratic
Labour Party, opened the ceremony. 2O.Disraelli was Prime
Minister twice. 21.Frank Taylor is Head of Department of
Computing. 22.Mr. Robinson is Dean of School of Education.
23.1 read a book about the true love-story that shook the world.
Edward VIII was King of Great Britain, King of Australia, and
King of 39 other countries... and all he wanted was to marry the
woman he loved. But his country said 'No!', because the wom-
an he loved was already married. So, he had to choose: to be a
King, or to have love... and leave his country, never to return.
В. Объясните употребление артиклей с выделенными существи-
тельными.
If I Were King
I often wish I were a King,
And then I could do anything.
If only I were King of Spain,
I'd take my hat off in the rain.
If only I were King of France,
I wouldn't brush my hair for months.
I think, if I were King of Greece,
I'd push things off the mantelpiece.
If I were King of Norroway*,
I'd ask the elephant to stay.
If I were King of Babylon,
I'd leave my button glove undone.
If I were King of Timbuctoo,
I'd think of lovely things to do.
If I were King of anything,
I'd tell the soldiers, "I'm the King!"
(A. A. Milne)
Norroway (шутл.) = Norway
194

Упражнение 187. Вставьте в пропуски артикль, если это необходимо.
1. Megan Lively, ...professor of linguistics, studies the
slang of teenagers. 2.As part of the USA, Texas is governed by
... President and ... Congress. 3.A boy ran out, ... tall healthy
handsome boy, straight into the man's arms. 4.Bobby and Sal-
ly, ... sensitive children, were filled with excitement at seeing
the new toys. 5.Charles Freer, ... founder of the Freer Gallery
of Art, gave his collection to the United States. 6.Rebecca Bell,
... artist and ... cabinetmaker, specializes in hand-made kitch-
ens. 7.Kate, ... leader of the group, didn't want to give up any
authority. 8.The ring she wore was ordered by ... King George
the Sixth. 9.Miss Honey smiled, ...smile of pure pleasure.
10.Don married Felicia Scott, ...classmate of Celeste's.
11.There was once a miller, ...good and unremarkable man.
12.Many people spoke at the meeting: ...teacher Borodin,
...worker Ognev, ...professor Nikolayev, ...general Vetrov.
13.Colonel Baden-Powell, ...founder of the Boy Scout move-
ment, was an Englishman. 14.The life of... Emperor Napoleon
still attracts a lot of attention. 15. ... President Bill Clinton
helped serve a traditional Thanksgiving meal to the homeless.
16."Matilda" is a novel by Roald Dahl, ... famous English writ-
er. 17. ... Princess Margaret is known for her charity work.
18.Mr. Stanley Price, ... antique dealer, lived on the top floor of
the shop. 19.Then he smiled at her, ... wide, warm smile that
showed his beautiful teeth. 20.Brian Thorne is ... Head of De-
partment of Sociology. 21.The English expedition was led by
... Captain Cook. 22.Mary was ... Queen of Scotland when she
was one week old. She was also ... Queen of France.
Упражнение 188. Прочитайте и переведите текст, обращая внима-
ние на употребление артиклей с существительными в функции
приложения.
The Prime Minister's Speech
The war with Germany was suddenly, and finally, at an
end. Great Britain was victorious, and the British were cele-
195

brating Victory Day in Europe. People were in the streets to
share their joy with their ecstatic fellow citizens on this na-
tional holiday, which would forever after commemorate the
destruction of the most evil regime in the history of the world.
Teddy and Aunt Ketti were among the thousands of peo-
ple who stood near the House of Commons, waiting for the
Prime Minister to make a speech. The crowds wanted to hear
this British bulldog, their beloved Winnie, their great leader -
possibly the greatest leader their country had ever known -
who had brought them to a victory hard won and honorable.
The roar of the crowd and the cheering were deafening,
when Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of Britain, appeared
on the balcony of one of the government buildings at ten-
thirty that night, giving his famous V-for-Victory sign with his
right hand.
A sea of faces stretching for miles stared up at him. And
as he began to speak, Teddy and Ketti and the thousands
around them fell silent, and the most extraordinary hush of
reverence and respect descended on the streets of Whitehall.
"My dear friends," Winston Churchill began, "this is
your hour. This is not victory of a party or of any class. It's
a victory of the great British nation as a whole." The Prime
Minister went on, " The lights went out and the bombs came
down. But every man, woman and child in the country had no
thought of quitting the struggle. London could take it. So we
came back after long months from the jaws of death, out of the
mouth of hell. I say that in the long years to come not only will
the people of this island but of the world look back to what we've
done and they will say, 'do not despair, do not yield to violence
and tyranny, match straight forward and die if need be — un-
conquered.'"
Teddy discovered that tears were streaming down her
cheeks, and she fumbled with her handbag, to search for her
handkerchief, then mopped her wet cheeks.
"Are you all right, my dear?" Ketti asked, taking Ted-
dy's arm, peering into her face.
196

"I'm fine, Aunt Ketti." Teddy blew her nose and
blinked back her tears. "Mr. Churchill always manages to
move me with his words. He speaks such truths in his own
very special way, and he's so reassuring and inspiring. There's
no one like him."
The Prime Minister finished speaking, waved and left the
balcony, and slowly the crowds began to disperse and stream
away, and the two women moved with them. It was growing late,
and Teddy and Ketti had had a long busy day, one that had been
thrilling but also wearing. Near Victoria Station they managed to
find a taxi and clambered in thankfully. They were glad to be by
themselves at last, and away from the milling crowds.
^Упражнение 189. Переведите.
l.Ha вечере присутствовало много известных в Лон-
доне людей: полковник Хилл, Алан Трентон, банкир, Эрик
Милтон, известный коллекционер, и другие. 2.Иван Бу-
нин, Нобелевский лауреат, долгие годы жил в Париже.
З.Он известный физик, эксперт в своей области. 4.Микки
Мауса, знаменитого мультипликационного персонажа, лю-
бят все дети. 5.Мы с нетерпением ждали сентября, месяца
нашей свадьбы. б.Джекки, дочь известного политического
деятеля, решила стать актрисой. 7.Тетя Соня и дядюшка
Антон всегда присылают мне замечательные подарки на
Рождество. 8.Картины художника Тернера широко пред-
ставлены в Национальной галерее в Лондоне. 9.Король
Джордж III был очень образованным человеком. Ю.Агата
Кристи, «королева детектива», была незаурядной личнос-
тью. 11.«Королева и я» — остроумный роман, написанный
Сью Таунсенд, известной английской писательницей.
12.Собака, огромная овчарка, охраняла дом по ночам.
13.Джек Вотс, комментатор, работает на ВВС. 14.Владимир
Набоков, всемирно известный русский писатель, был мас-
тером стиля. 15.Мой сосед, налоговый офицер, часто жалу-
ется на то, что у него очень трудная работа.
197

Упражнение 190. Прочитайте и переведите предложения. Объяс-
ните употребление артиклей с существительными в функции
приложения.
l.She was president and chief executive officer of the
cosmetics company. 2.Spike Lee, a young, outspoken produ-
cer-director, created a succession of angry comedies that mir-
ror life on the mean streets of black communities in New
York. З.Опе day, a Friday it was, there came a letter. 4.It was
an extremely chic gathering, the creme de la creme of Parisian
society mingled with movie people. 5.He ran down the steps,
a broad smile shining on his cheerful face. 6.Willis, who plays
Korben Dallas, a 23rd century taxi driver who saves the uni-
verse, was furious at the review in The Daily Telegraph. 7.Pe-
ter Bart, editor-in-chief of Variety, said that the review was
flattering. 8.Hilda, the housekeeper, met her on the stone
steps. 9.He held the position of First Secretary at the Embas-
sy. 10.Since 1998 he has been a counsellor in the British For-
eign Office. ll.Renata, a native of Prague, is manageress of an
Australian travel firm. 12.Tom Fitzgerald, a young film-maker
from Nova Scotia, found himself the toast of the town. 13.He
looked up at the ceiling, a thoughtful expression setting on his
face. 14.Many students study Latin, the mother of all the Ro-
mance languages. 15.They had a meeting with Edgar Waldorf,
undisputed king of Broadway producers. 16.Swan Lake has al-
ways been about the problems inherent in Royal marriage.
The Queen wants the Prince to marry a Princess, the Prince
wants to marry for love.
Упражнение 191. Переведите на английский язык.
1.Джефри Чосер, основоположник английской лите-
ратуры, прожил интересную жизнь. 2.Эдвин Лэнд, сту-
дент колледжа, изобрел фотоаппарат Полароид. З.Левис
Страус, немецкий эмигрант, является создателем брюк,
которые были названы его именем. 4. Ваза, настоящее
произведение искусства, была привезена моим дедушкой
198

с Востока. 5.Короля Артура часто сравнивают с царем
Петром Великим. б.Лоренс Гилберг, управляющий окру-
га, установил новые правила для охотников. 7.Полковник
Джулиани, опытный детектив, расследует это странное
дело. 8.Кристиан Томас, менеджер нашего отдела, каж-
дый день опаздывает. 9.Мистер Пикок, диетолог, часто
говорит, что мы — это то, что мы едим. 10.Не могли бы
вы сказать, кто президент Доминиканской Республики?
И.Киви, тропический фрукт, богат витамином С.
12.Шейла, медсестра, выполняла свою работу профессио-
нально. 13.Профессор Томсон, декан отделения английс-
кой литературы, работает в Оксфорде. 14.Королева;-Мать
встретилась с корреспондентами.
Проверьте себя
Упражнение 192. Прочитайте и последуйте данным вам советам.
Take Care of Yourself
Inspiration and Advice For Body and Soul
We're all susceptible to the effects of modern living,
whether we're sports people, career professionals, homema-
kers or students; whether we're fifteen or fifty; whether we're
male or female.
To Start the Day
To cleanse the inner body before a busy day, squeese
a quarter of fresh lemon in a glass of warm water, and add
a teaspoon of honey. It works wonders!
Learn to Laugh
Laughing helps relieve depression, pain and anxiety. It
gives every organ in the body a good workout, and it's fun.
Learn to laugh heartily every day.
199

Broaden Your Horizons
Read widely. Newspapers, journals and magazines are all
great reading material if you find novels too heavy. Reading is
the best way to broaden your mind and keep yourself in-
formed. And it's great fun.
What You Eat and How You'll Feel
Be aware that what you eat today will effect how you will
feel tomorrow. Choose simple snack ideas — healthy foods like
a cranchy wholemeal or multigrain bread roll, fruit, a handful
of nuts, yoghurt or soup.
The Gift of Water
Water nourishes our blood and our cells, and prevents
the build-up of toxic wastes in our bodies. We can't survive
without it. Make a conscious effort to drink water or herbal
tea daily around six to eight glasses. Record your habits for
a week, as sometimes we can forget to drink at all!
Light Meals for Late Nights
Even if you get home late, make sure you have some-
thing small to eat. Eat light foods such as a sandwich, steamed
vegetables, a salad or a plate of boiled pasta with olive oil.
One Orange, One White, One Green
Try to eat three vegetables - one orange, one white, one
green - every day. Each has different vitamins and minerals
that your body needs.
Fighting Fat
Remember: to lose fat, don't eat fat. It's as simple as that.
Take a Break!
When you feel tired and run down, take some time out and
have a holiday. Taking a break — even a very short one — is the
perfect way to recharge your batteries — your mind and body.
200

Just Say "No"
There is noting wrong with saying "NO". In fact, saying
"NO" once in a while is a matter of survival, especially if
you're too tired or have too many things to do. And don't feel
guilty about it!
Think Young
If you feel old, you're probably thinking old! Think
young, surround yourself with young people, engage in acti-
viteis which you enjoy. Feel a true love of life.
Look Good, Feel Good
Don't save all those wonderful clothes, shoes or jewel-
lery for the so-called "special" occasions. Every day is special.
Wear whatever makes you feel fabulous - every day.
Solar Energy
On sunny days, try to spend a couple of minutes out-
doors to catch a few rays of sunlight. Sunlight gives you
a boost of vitamin D and makes you feel alive.
Fulfil Your Dreams
Unfulfilled dreams can contribute to unhappiness, re-
sentment and depression, particularly later in life. Life is too
short - follow your dreams.
The Sound of Silence
For a few minutes every day, close your eyes and listen
to the sound of silence. It's so often the most beautiful "mu-
sic" of all.
Take Care of Yourself
Taking care of yourself is not self-indulgence: it's survi-
val. Spend just ten minutes a day utterly, shamelessly and joy-
fully on yourself!!!
201

Упражнение 193. Объясните употребление артиклей с выделен-
ными словами и словосочетаниями.
l.Time is long, life is short. 2.Times have changed.
3.Christmas is a time for giving. It's party time! 4.1ife still goes
on! 5.To lead a better life, I need my love to be here. 6.Who can
say how many lives were given for this victory? 7.There's always
a "first love" in everyone's life. 8.Memory is a person's ability to
remember facts or past events. 9.Pat has a good memory for
names. 10.1 have the warmest memories of our friendship.
11.Experience is not required for this job. 12.lt was quite an ex-
perience! It was the experience of a lifetime! 13.Andrew is study-
ing law at Harvard University. H.There is a law against stopping
on the motorway. 15.You can't park here, it's against the law.
16.Education should be a preparation for life. 17A classical edu-
cation won't help you much in practical life. 18.Brian has neither
charm nor humour, but his brother has a boyish charm.
^Упражнение 194. Прочитайте пословицы и поговорки и найдите
их эквиваленты в русском языке.
1.Beauty lies in the lover's eyes. 2.The best defence is of-
fence. З.Ехрепепсе is the mother of wisdom. 4.Care killed the
cat. 5.Diligence is the mother of success. 6.Better a lean peace
than a fat victory. 7.Good health is above wealth. 8.Happiness
takes no account of time. 9.Health is not valued till sickness
comes. 10.Hope is the poor man's bread. 11.Hunger breaks
stone walls. 12.Idleness rusts the mind. 13.Love will creep
where it may not go. 14.Might goes before right. 15.Necessity
knows no law. 16.There is no flying from fate. 17.There is no
wisdom like silence. 18.Poverty is no sin. 19.Salt water and ab-
sence wash away love. 2O.Speech is silver but silence is gold.
Упражнение 195. Выберите правильный вариант в следующих
предложениях.
1.Charity/a charity begins at home. 2.You should study
law/a law at university. 3.Language/a language is unique to
202

humans. 4.To succeed in life you need will/a will. 5.In her
youth she was beauty/a beauty. 6.We are looking for people
with experience/an experience. 7.1 need study/a study where
I can work quietly. 8.They are looking for work/a work at the
moment. 9.Speech/a speech is a manifestation of language.
10.Play/a play and no work will make you lazy. 11.History/
a history repeats itself. 12.Grammar/a grammar is taught
deeply in this school. 13.My father has French grammar/an
old French grammar. 14.Faith/a faith helps people to live.
15.Nature/a nature should be protected against pollution.
16.He was a man who lived for pleasure/a pleasure. 17.He has
nature/a nature like his grandfather's. 18.It was pleasure/
a pleasure to talk to you. 19.Can you do me favour/a favour?
20.Get down to business/a business, all of you!
Упражнение 196. Вставьте в пропуски артикль, если это необхо-
димо.
1.People say that ...love is blind, but I'd say that
... love is kind. 2. ... gossip said that she would marry Robert.
3. ... law and ... order should be respected. 4.In his boyhood
he used to look to his father for ...inspiration. 5.Stop
spreading ...scandal and ...gossip about your colleagues.
6.Isn't she a bit of ...gossip? 7.Antony can't remember
... time when he didn't cook. He is a chef. 8.Everyone must,
by ... law, carry their identity papers at all times. 9.1 got
a nice, chatty letter full of ... news and ... gossip. 10. ... ob-
session drives to ... hard work. 11.What ... miserable, stupid,
messy existence I've led for years! 12.What he really enjoys is
... good gossip. 13.Your letter has left ... aching emptiness in
my heart. 14. ... hunger mixed with ... fear returned again.
15.1 felt ... quick pity for her. 16.Jim was still cold with
...anger. 17.We felt ...pure deep mutual respect. 18.He was
not interested in ... politics, or ... travel or ... entertainment.
19.In fact I found ... certain relief in having to leave. 20.He
spoke with ... aggressive precision.
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"Упражнение 197. А. Выберите правильный вариант в следующих
предложениях.
l.Stop patting me on my shoulder/the shoulder as if we
were old friends! 2.The snake bit him on the leg/his leg.
3.Munchausen pulled himself out of the water by the hair/his
hair. 4.1 argued with Sarah till I was blue in my face/the face.
5.She looked me straight in the eye/my eye and told a lie.
6.He had a thorn in the foot/his foot. 7.Lena is always wear-
ing a bracelet on her wrist/the wrist. 8.Look me in the face/
my face and tell me what is wrong. 9.Grandpa has a constant
pain in his back/the back. lO.The President had an operation
on his heart/the heart. 11.1 stepped on his foot/the foot.
12.1 shook him by his hand/the hand. 13.She shook his
hand/the hand. 14. Don't take it in your head/the head!
15.For the first time in his life he was speaking from heart/
the heart.
В. Переведите,
I.Oh посмотрел ей в лицо и все понял. 2.Выражение
его лица вдруг изменилось. 3.Перед лицом трудностей мы
должны объединиться. 4.Она взяла ребенка за руку и пере-
вела его через улицу. 5.Повесь эту картинку в изголовье.
6.Я почувствовал неожиданную боль в боку. 7.0н поцело-
вал ее в щеку, и они расстались. 8.Если человек тонет, то
его надо спасать за волосы, но не за руку. 9.Они шли, взяв-
шись за руки. 10.У генерала в руке был пистолет. 11.Он
был ранен в голову и часто страдает от головных болей.
12.Сон очень важен для нервной системы человека.
204

§ 15. АРТИКЛИ С СУБСТАНТИВИРОВАННЫМИ
ЧАСТЯМИ РЕЧИ
Упражнение 198. Определите, какие части речи субстантивирова-
ны в следующих предложениях и объясните употребление с ними
артиклей.
1. Social Services is a government agency to help the un-
fortunate, the unlucky and the poor. 2. Who says that the Eng-
lish can not be led into revolution? We can. 3.She loves this
monster and will see no wrong in him. 4.You'll be given
enough delicious eatables to last you for many days. 5.Good
wines are the best buys before Christmas. 6.The guilt of the
accused was hard to prove. 7.He had accomplished the impos-
sible. 8.The Greeks built a wooden horse that the Troyans
took into the city. 9.If there is one secret weapon that's pos-
sessed by the successful, it is that they are highly organized.
lO.If ifs and ands were pots and pans... 11.— How can you tell
if a man has done the washing? — All your clothes are of
a fashionable grey. 12.You are an incurable romantic, that's
what you are! 13.Elevenses (brunches) are popular with people
who don't have to get up early. H.Julia understood the answer
as a negative. 15.God knows how tired I am of all your per-
hapses and might-have-beens! 16.Are you sure it's a him, not
a her, she is going out with tonight? 17.Our life is full of ifs
and nots, ups and downs. 18.Christopher got a four for the
composition. 19.The future is not going to be bright for me.
2O.The supernatural is popping out all over J.Rowling's best-
sellers. 2 LA wrap-up is a brief final summary, as of the news.
22.We talked about what we wanted to do, in the war and af-
ter, if there was an after. 23.For afters we usually had ice
cream with fruit. 24.He lived among the down-and-outs.
Упражнение 199. Вставьте в пропуски артикль, если это необходимо.
1."Where do ... wicked go after death?" - "They go to
hell," I answered. 2.And ... best is yet to come. 3. ... old forget,
...young don't know. 4.Bali is a heaven where ...famous,
205

... rich and ... privileged go for a holiday. 5. ... green of her
sweater matched ... brown of her skirt perfectly. 6.He is... con-
servative and won't change his views all of ... sudden.
7. ... Scandinavians are much of merchants: ... Swedish produce
all the materials, ... Norwegians transport them, and ... Danish
sell them. 8.— Is the weather changing for ... worse? — I hope
not. 9.Simon flew to America as he wanted to have a look at the
land of... free. lO.Surely a career diplomat expects to take a bit
of ... rough with ... smooth. 11.There is often a lack of under-
standing between ... young and ... old. 12.Some people enjoy
... mystical and ... supernatural. 13. ... English have been called
a nation of shopkeepers. 14. ... unemployed cannot be expected
to live on the savings. 15.Every child should pass the medical
check-up. It's ... must! 16.One evening she telephoned me out
of... blue and said she was in some kind of trouble. 17. ... black
and ... white are her favourite colours. 18.Jimmy is ... radical
and believes in his mission to change the world. 19.Only
... wealthy can have the luxury of doing nothing. 20. ... past
can't be helped! It's ... present and ... future we should think of.
21.Life is always hard for ... poor.
Упражнение 200. Найдите русские эквиваленты английских по-
словиц и поговорок. Объясните употребление артиклей.
l.A blind leader of the blind. 2.A good name keeps
its lustre in the dark. 3.A word is enough to the wise.
4.Among the blind, the one-eyed man is king. 5.All cats
are grey in the dark. 6.If the blind lead the blind, both
shall fall into the ditch. 7.It is an ill wind that blows no-
body good. 8.None but the brave deserve the fair. 9.The
Dutch have taken Holland! 10.True blue will never stain.
11.Two blacks do not make a white. 12.There is no place
for the wicked. 13.Two is company, but three is none.
14.When three know it, all know it. 15.When angry, count
a hundred. 16.If you cannot have the best, make the best
of what you have.
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Упражнение 201. Впишите в таблицу недостающие слова, обра-
щая внимание на употребление артиклей.
Название
страны
Russia
Britain
China
Hungary
Finland
Spain
Turkey
Scotland
Holland
Denmark
Egypt
Israel
Belgium
Portugal
Прилага-
тельное
British
Turkish
Swedish
Israeli
Australian
Czech
Polish
Националь-
ность
a Russian
a Scot
an Egyptian
a Belgian
Жители
страны
the British
the
Americans
the
Hungarians
the Spanish
the Saudis
Название
языка
Russian
Finnish
Scottish
Danish
Swedish
207

Упражнение 202. Составьте предложения, используя слова и сло-
восочетания из правого столбца.
1. The storm started
2. The refusal
3. All the summer the
kids stayed
4. On the whole
5. In the present situation
here is
6. In short
7. Paul Macey left his job
8. He did his best
9. Don't worry, it's all
10. - Are you confused?
"Упражнение 203. Переведите.
1. in the open.
2. she is not a bad
person.
3. the story has
a happy end.
4. out of the blue.
5. to get the better of
everything.
6. for the best.
7. all of a sudden.
8. a change for the
better.
9. not in the least.
10. touched her to the
quick.
1.Японцы гораздо более работоспособны, чем анг-
личане. 2.Чем больше снега, тем лучше для урожая.
3.Американцы менее формальны чем европейцы. 4.Боль-
шинство датчан хорошо говорит по-английски, чего не
скажешь о французах. 5.Не говорите плохо об отсутствую-
щих. 6.Мой дом — третий справа. Мимо точно не прой-
дешь. 7.Чем сильнее буря, тем скорее она пройдет.
8.Опытные (люди) знают, что опыт — лучший учитель.
9.Во всем мире собак используют для поиска взрывчатых
веществ и наркотиков. 10.Из двух братьев Дон более вы-
сокий. 11.Моя соседка работает в школе для глухонемых.
12.Шотландцы любят свою горную страну. 13.Я - космо-
полит, хотя я и консерватор. 14.Он носит одежду спокой-
ного серого цвета. 15.Я выпил чашку чая, вторую, третью
и лишь после четвертой понял, что утолил жажду.
16.Японцы живут дольше, чем другие народы.
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Упражнение 204. Назовите страны, национальности и языки. Хо-
роший словарь может оказать вам большую помощь в этом.
I. Countries
1.Fritz is German. He comes from G... . 2.01af is Nor-
wegian. He comes from N... . 3.1stvan is Hungarian. He
comes from H... . 4.Antigone is Greek. She comes from G....
5.Gareth is Welsh. He comes from W... .
II.Nationalities
l.Johan is from Holland. He is ... (or He is a...). 2.Teng is
from China. He is... {or He is а...). З.АП is from Iraq. He is ...
(or He is a...). 4.Beatrice is from Switzerland. She is... (or She is
a...). 5.Abdul is from Sudan. He is... {or He is a...). 6.Jean is
from Belgium. He is... {or He is a...). 7.Kemal is from Turkey.
He is... {or He is a...). 8.Carmen is from Spain. She is... {or She
is a...). .9.Nils is from Denmark. He is... {or He is a...).
III. Languages
l.What language is spoken in Argentina? 2.What lan-
guage is spoken in Brazil? 3.What language is spoken in Libya?
4.What language is spoken in Switzerland? 5.What language is
spoken in Cyprus?
Упражнение 205. Переведите.
1.Восемь часов вас устроит? — Да, чем раньше, тем
лучше. 2.Даже для самых умных и опытных это очень
сложная работа. 3.Давайте забудем все худшее и будем на-
деяться на лучшее. 4.Раздался взрыв, затем второй, затем
третий, и вновь наступила тишина. 5.Очень неразумно об-
винять молодых. Старики должны постараться их понять.
б.Эти обидные слова задели ее за живое. 7.Мы все очень
надеемся, что ответ будет положительным. 8.Прогноз со-
общает, что погода наконец-то меняется к лучшему. 9.Мой
брат - неисправимый романтик. Он верит во все лучшее в
людях. Ю.Прошел год, затем второй, а писем все не было.
И.Швейцарцы часто говорят, что жизнь в Швейцарии
очень скучна. 12.Небо было бледно-голубого цвета, а море
209

— темно-зеленого. 13.Голландцы живут в Голландии и го-
ворят по-голландски. 14.Мы сидели в прохладе нашего ук-
ромного садика и наслаждались покоем (спокойствием)
вечера. 15.- Какой сериал ты смотришь? - «Дерзкие и
красивые». 16.Сейчас этот театр ставит спектакль по рома-
ну Ф.М.Достоевского «Бесы». В прошлом году они поста-
вили «Униженные и оскорбленные».
Проверьте себя
Упражнение 206. Решите английский кроссворд (цифры в скоб-
ках указывают количество букв в словах).
210

Across. 1.Attractive to look at. (9) 6. Dressing poured
over food; or impudence. (5) 9.Top part — of a shoe per-
haps. (5) lO.Hung. (9) ll.Terrified. (10) 12.Smile from ear to
ear. (4) 14.Women employed to look after young children. (7)
15.Barren and totally clean. (7) 17.Places for working women
to leave their children. (7) 19.0ne must constantly take these
to live! (7) 20. Baby sheep - often eaten with mint sauce in
Britain. (4) 22.Thought about carefully. (10) 25.Ordered or
led. (9) 26.Appearing to the nose. (5) 27.Move edgewise fur-
tively. (5) 28.Distributes: especially medicines. (9)
Down. 1. Deceive in a game of cards or be extremely
hearty. (5) 2.Apparatus for a particular purpose. (9) 3.Illumi-
nation from a hand-held lamp. (10) 4. Fixes securely. (7)
5.Uses one's ears. (7) 6.A pace or stair. (4) 7.Beneath. (5)
8.Puts at risk. (9) 13.The state of being reliant upon some-
thing or someone. (10) 14.Chains or beads worn for decora-
tion round the throat. (9) 16.Attracts the attention; hob-
bies. (9) 18.Rebuked. (7) 19.In addition to, apart from. (7)
21.Acted without dialogue. (5) 23.Girls' playthings. (5)
24.Delayed, former, dead. (4).
Упражнение 207. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необходимо.
At the Travel Agency "Happy Holidays"
Agent. Can I help you?
Visitor We would like to make ... exciting journey. We
want to see ... life.
Agent. Have you ever been to Brighton?
Visitor. No, but we want ... more exciting holiday.
Agent. Have you ever been to ... Sahara Desert?
Visitor No, we haven't.
Agent. Then this is ... holiday for you, ... month in
... middle of... Sahara Desert.
Visitor Is it interesting?
Agent. Yes, there are ...sandstorms every day and
... snakes everywhere. Have you ever been bit-
ten by ... dangerous snake?
211

Visitor Well, well, thank you, but ...journey is too ex-
pensive. Have you got ... cheaper one?
Agent But it's such ... rare chance to have ... unusual
experience! Well, how about ...Arctic Ocean?
We can give you ... fortnight in ... small boat
with ...hole in ...bottom of it to make ...jour-
ney more exciting. And you'll have ... food only
for ... few days.
Visitor. ... few days. You said ... holiday is for ... fort-
night!
Agent But isn't it thrilling?
Visitor Have you got anything not so exciting?
Agent Oh yes, let me see. This is ... holiday to remem-
ber. We drop you in ... middle of... Amazon jun-
gle by ... parachute with ... map of... London
underground.
Visitor I don't think I like... idea. It's so frightening.
Agent But very, very exciting!
Visitor Have you got something not so far from home?
Agent Well, what about two weeks in ... Brighton,
staying in ... nice quiet hotel by ... sea?
Visitor It's ... good idea!
Agent And it is ...pretty exciting one, isn't it? No
...snakes, no ...jungles, ...enough food.
Visitor Yes, we'll take it!
Упражнение 208. Прочитайте текст. Объясните употребление ар-
тиклей с именами существительными.
Thomas Gainsborough (1727-1788)
Gainsborough was born in Suffolk. He was the youngest
of the nine children in the family. He went to school in his
native town.
When a boy, he was very good at drawing, and according
to a story about him, he made such a good portrait from
memory of a thief whom he had seen robbing a garden, that
the thief was caught.
212

Gainsborough painted portraits and landscapes and is
often compared with Reynolds; his style is also influenced by
the Dutch masters. Despite these influences he worked out
his personal style.
He succeeded as a portrait-painter. Among his most fa-
mous portraits are the portrait of Mrs. Siddons, a famous ac-
tress in a blue dress, and the picture known as "Blue Boy" —
a boy in a blue costume. In his portrait of Mrs. Sheridan we
see a woman in a light blue. A definite artificiality in Gains-
borough's painting constitutes his own style.
Gainsborough was fond of painting landscapes. Even in
the portrait painting he is an out-of-door painter. If you think
of his finest portraits, you will immediately remember that the
backgrounds are well-observed country scenes. The famous
"Blue Boy" is placed against an open sky and a background of
brown and green landscape. In Mrs. Sheridan's portrait the
background is the wide sky and broad view into the valley.
He loved the country-side of his childhood and often
said that the Suffolk country-side had made him a painter.
He lived in that period when landscape painting was not
in fashion. Rich people did not spend money on landscapes.
So, it's really remarkable that there were more than 40 unsold
landscapes in his studio at the time of his death.
The portraits are painted in clear tones. His colour is al-
ways tender and soft. Light tone scheme and use of light blues
and yellows belongs essentially to his earlier period. Later,
when he came into contact with the Van Dyck pictures, he
enriched his palette, but he always tended to cool scheme and
blues predominated in his paintings.
Упражнение 209. Переведите.
Дюймовочка
Жила-была женщина и не было у нее детей. А ей
очень хотелось иметь ребеночка. Пошла она к старой кол-
дунье за советом, и та дала ей зернышко и велела поса-
213

дить его в горшок. Женщина так и сделала. Через не-
сколько дней вырос большой, чудесный цветок, совсем
как тюльпан. Женщина дотронулась до цветка, и он вдруг
раскрылся и... какое чудо! В цветке сидела крошечная де-
вочка. Она была с пальчик, и женщина назвала ее Дюй-
мовочка. Женщина была на седьмом небе от счастья.
Однажды ночью большая и безобразная жаба влезла
в окно. «Какая славная жена будет моему сынку!» - поду-
мала жаба, схватила кроватку с девочкой и выпрыгнула
через окно в сад. Дюймовочка проснулась рано утром и
увидела, что она сидит на листочке на самой середине
реки. Старая жаба показала сынка Дюймовочке и сказала:
«Вот мой сынок! Он будет тебе замечательным мужем».
Но Дюймовочке не хотелось выходить замуж за сына
жабы.
Маленькие рыбки видели и слышали все и им было
очень жаль прелестную девочку. «Какая хорошенькая ма-
ленькая девочка! Но она не должна выходить замуж за та-
кое безобразное существо как лягушка.» Вдруг мимо про-
летел майский жук. Он схватил Дюймовочку и полетел с
ней на верхушку дерева. Там он дал ей цветочного сока и
сказал, что она ему очень нравится, хотя она совсем не
похожа на майского жука. Потом прилетели другие жуки
и сказали, что девочка очень некрасивая, потому что у нее
всего две ножки и она очень похожа на человека. После
этого майский жук, который принес Дюймовочку, не за-
хотел больше держать ее у себя. Он посадил ее на боль-
шую ромашку и улетел.
Все лето Дюймовочка прожила в лесу, но лето про-
шло, наступила осень, а за ней пришла и зима. Девочка
дрожала как осиновый лист. Тогда она решила уйти из
леса и поискать себе приют на зиму. За лесом было боль-
шое поле. Там она нашла норку полевой мыши. Полевая
мышь жила прекрасно: у нее был теплый дом и много
вкусной еды. Девочка попросила у нее зернышко, и доб-
рая старуха накормила ее и оставила у себя.
214

Упражнение 210. Переведите и перескажите сказку от начала до
конца.
Дюймовочка
Раз в неделю старуху навещал ее сосед, богатый ста-
рый крот. У него был большой дом и очень красивая
шуба. Крот был совершенно слепой, так как он никогда
не видел солнца. Девочку заставили спеть песню для важ-
ного гостя. Она пела как птичка, и крот сразу влюбился
в нее.
Однажды девочка нашла мертвую ласточку недалеко
от норы. Она положила голову на грудь птички и услыша-
ла биение ее сердца. Ласточка была жива! Всю зиму Дюй-
мовочка ухаживала за птичкой: носила ей воду и еду, со-
гревала ее. Пришла весна, и ласточка собралась улететь.
Она пригласила девочку отправиться вместе, но девочка
не хотела оставлять старую добрую мышь. Прошло лето,
и вот вновь наступила осень. День свадьбы приближался.
Но девочка не хотела выходить замуж за скучного крота.
Она вышла в поле в последний раз взглянуть на солнце
и на цветы и, какой сюрприз! Она увидела ласточку. Та
тоже увидела девочку и очень обрадовалась. Девочка ска-
зала птичке, что не хочет жить глубоко под землей вместе
с кротом. И они решили лететь в теплые страны. Ласточка
взвилась как стрела и полетела на юг. Она сделала оста-
новку на берегу Средиземного моря. Небо там было голу-
бое, солнце сияло, и везде росли лимоны и апельсины,
и большие красивые бабочки порхали с цветка на цветок.
На берегу моря стоял красивый белый дворец. На
крыше было много птичьих гнезд. В одном из них жила
ласточка. «Выбери себе самый красивый цветок, и он ста-
нет тебе домом», — сказала она. Девочка была счастлива.
Она выбрала большой белый цветок Но что за чудо! В
цветке сидел маленький человечек. У него были пара
крылышек, а на голове - маленькая золотая корона. Он
был такого же роста, что и Дюймовочка. Это был король
эльфов. Он очень обрадовался, когда увидел Дюймовочку,
215

он никогда еще не видел такой красивой девочки. «Милая
Дюймовочка», — сказал эльф, — «не хочешь ли быть моей
женой?» Дюймовочка сразу согласилась. Она получила
много подарков. Самым лучшим подарком была пара кры-
лышек. Теперь Дюймовочка тоже могла летать. То-то было
радости и веселья! А ласточка пела эльфам песни всю теп-
лую зиму, а когда в холодные страны пришла весна, она
стала собираться домой - в Данию. Там у нее было ма-
ленькое гнездышко как раз над окном человека, который
умел хорошо рассказывать сказки. Ласточка рассказала ему
про Дюймовочку, а от него и мы узнали эту историю.
(Г.Х.Андерсен)
"Упражнение 211. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необходимо.
Lucky Mrs. Grace Hume
l.Mrs. Grace Hume is one of ... few living survivors of
... S.S. Tyrone disaster. ... ship sailed from Liverpool for New
York on ... 7th of April 1926,500 passengers were aboard.
Only 85 of them survived. Mrs. Hume described ... voyage re-
cently for ... BBC radio programme.
2."... morning we left Liverpool ...weather was very
pleasant and we were all sure we were going to have ... very
pleasant voyage. ... captain told us it would be warm and calm
all ... way to New York. I still remember some of ... passen-
gers. There was ... old lady who was going to visit her son in
Boston. Then there was ... man who was going to start ... new
life in Canada. They both went down with ... ship. ... first and
second days were very nice. I thought 1 would soon have
... fine suntan. Then, on ... second evening, ... captain told us
that ... weather ... next day was going to be ... bit worse than
expected but that it wouldn't last long. It turned very nasty on
... third day. I remember someone saying, "Oh, well, it'll soon
be over." None of us had any idea how bad it was going to get.
By ... time it was ... evening ... storm developed.
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3.Everybody stayed in their cabins on ...fourth day.
... storm was impossible to describe by then. Suddenly I felt
...jolt. Then someone started screaming something about
... huge leak in ... engine room. We all ran up on to ... deck.
I was sure I would never be able to get in one of... lifeboats!
There were too many people fighting over them. I also knew
that I would go down with ... ship if I stayed any longer because
it was going to sink any minute. When I jumped into ... water I
sank so deep that I was sure I was never going to come up
again. Somehow I did and there was ... lifeboat in ... water near
me, only half full. Someone pulled me into... boat.
4.During ... night I often thought we were going to sink
again or at least die of ... cold, but ... next morning ... storm
died down. Then ... ship came into sight and we and some
people in another lifeboat were rescued."
^Упражнение 212. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необходимо.
1. ... year ago ... colleague of my father's decided to go to
... Edinburgh Festival on ... spur of... moment, and as it was
... last minute decision, he naturally couldn't get... single tick-
et for any of... big events. With ... heavy heart he walked along
... streets not knowing how to kill ... time. Anyway, ... man
went one day to ...jazz evening. And at the end of... party he
saw ... wallet on ... floor. So he picked it up and looked inside.
And what ... surprise! Believe it or not, but ... wallet belonged
to ... director of... Bolshoi Ballet.
2.So, on ...way home he took it into ...police station
and he gave ... police his name and ... name of ... hotel. And
... next evening when he got back to ... hotel, there was ... let-
ter waiting for him at ... reception. Inside it there was
... "thank you" note and two tickets for ... Bolshoi Ballet per-
formance. So, ...lucky man had ...chance to see one of
... most fantastic things at ... Festival. ... story sounds like
... miracle, doesn't it?
(from "BLUEPRINT")
217

Упражнение 213. Прочитайте и объясните употребление артиклей
с выделенными существительными.
A Visit from St. Nicholas
'Twas the night before Christmas, when all through
the house,
Not a creature was stirring, not even a mouse.
The stockings were hung by the chimney with care,
In hopes that St. Nicholas soon would be there.
The children were nestled all snug in their beds,
While visions of sugar-plums danced in their heads;
And mama in her kerchief, and I in my cap,
Had just settled our brains for a long winter's nap —
When out on the lawn there arose such a clatter
I sprang from my bed to see what was the matter.
Away to the window I flew like a flash,
Tore open the shutter, and threw up the sash.
The moon on the breast of the new-fallen snow
Gave a lustre of midday to objects below;
When what to my wondering eyes should appear
But a miniature sleigh and eight tiny reindeer,
With a little old driver, so lively and quick,
I knew in a moment it must be St. Nick!
More rapid than eagles his coursers they came,
And he whistled and shouted and called them by name.
"Now Dasher! now, Dancer! now, Prancer and Vixen!
On, Comet! on, Cupid! on, Donder and Blitzen! -
To the top of the porch, to the top of tile wall,
Now, dash away, dash away, dash away all!"
As dry leaves that before the wild hurricane fly,
When they meet with an obstacle mount to the sky,
So, up to the housetop the coursers they new,
With a sleigh full of toys - and St. Nicholas, too.
And when, in a twinkling, I heard on the roof
The prancing and pawing of each little hoof.
As I drew in my head, and was turning around,
218

Down the chimney St. Nicholas came with a bound;
He was dressed all in fur from his head to his foot,
And his clothes were all tarnished with ashes and soot:
A bundle of toys he had flung on his back,
And he looked like a peddler just opening his pack.
His eyes, how they twinkled! His dimples, how merry!
His checks were like roses, his nose like a cherry;
His droll little mouth was drawn up like a bow,
And the beard on his chin was as white as the snow.
The stump of a pipe he held tight in his teeth,
And the smoke, it encircled his head like a wreath.
He had a broad face and a little round belly
That shook, when he laughed, like a bowl full of jelly.
He was chubby and plump — a right jolly old elf:
And I laughed when I saw him, in spite of myself:
A wink of his eye, and a twist of his head.
Soon gave me to know I had nothing to dread.
He spoke not a word, but went straight to his work.
And filled all the stockings; then turned with a jerk,
And laying his finger aside of his nose,
And giving a nod, up the chimney he rose.
He sprang to his sleigh, to his team gave a whistle,
And away they all flew like the down of a thistle.
But I heard him exclaim, ere they drove out of sight,
"Happy Christmas to all and to all a good night!"
(Clement Moore)
Упражнение 214. Вставьте в пропуски артикль, если это необхо-
димо.
I. It was ... cold night. ... frost hung in ... air and ringed
... moon, ... clear silver sphere in ... ink-dark sky. Cloudless
and clear, it was littered with ... thousands of tiny pinpoints of
... brilliant light. ... streets were relatively deserted. Only ... few
people were about. As ... three of them walked along, they
could hear ... clutter of their own shoes on ... cobblestones.
219

II. ...three of them stayed at ...cocktail party for
... hour, mixing with ... colourful group of ... people including
... couple of ... local artists, ... famous French movie star,
... playwright from London, and ...American architect. When
they left ... palazzo, ... same gondola that they had hired for
... evening took them to ... small island across ... Canal. Va-
nessa had invited them to ... dinner, and she had booked
... table at ... Hotel Capriani.
HI. Bill had planned what he termed "... adventure"
for ... Saturday night. Once again, ...gondola was hired for
... evening, and it carried them down ... narrow winding
backwaters of... Venice until they arrived at... old house that
looked like ... hole in ... wall. It turned out to be ... marvel-
lous family restaurant, ... one which Bill knew well, and
which was ... popular eating place favoured by Venetians in
... know.
IV. It was ... extraordinary day, clear, light-filled.
... shimmering day. ... sky dazzled. It was ... perfect blue, un-
marred by ... clouds, and ... sun was brilliant above ... rippling
waters of... lagoon. ... air was cool, but not as cold as it had
been over ... past few days, and ...«mist had disappeared.
^Упражнение 216, Переведите, обращая внимание на употребле-
ние артиклей.
Мой день
День начался замечательно. Я проснулся рано утром.
В окно ярко светило солнце. Пели птицы в саду. «Какой
прекрасный день!» — подумал я. — «Выходной! Какое сча-
стье!» Я встал> заправил постель и пошел в ванную. Я все-
гда принимаю душ по утрам, а поздним вечером прини-
маю ванну. Я надел джинсы и рубашку и пошел на кухню.
Через полчаса я позавтракал. Это был легкий завтрак, но
вкусный! Тосты с джемом и медом, чашка горячего кофе
с молоком, кусочек швейцарского сыра. Я включил радио:
звучала красивая музыка.
220

После завтрака я решил отдохнуть: прилег на диван
с любимой газетой «Аргументы и факты». Я всегда пред-
почитаю узнавать о последних новостях из газеты, а не по
телевизору. А новости были интереснейшие: японцы
изобрели новую электронную игрушку; британский само-
лет был угнан в Арабские Эмираты бандой террористов;
голландцы вырастили новый сорт тюльпана; группа шве-
дов вновь поднялась на самую высокую вершину Средней
Азии ~ Эверест; тигр — исчезающее животное на Даль-
нем Востоке и нуждается в защите; правительство опять
обещает помощь бедным, больным и старым.
Прошел час. Зазвонил телефон. Мой друг, молодой
художник, пригласил меня в Третьяковскую галерею,
а затем на обед в ресторан. Мы с ним учились в школе,
затем служили в армии. Я с радостью принял приглаше-
ние, потому что давно не видел друга. К тому же я общи-
тельный человек и люблю посидеть с друзьями, погово-
рить и пообедать в недорогом ресторане. Я добрался до
центра на такси, вышел на Пятницкой улице и дошел до
галереи. Экспозиция картин была замечательная. Больше
всего мне понравились картины Иванова, Врубеля, Поле-
нова, русских художников конца XIX и начала XX века.
Обед в ресторане «Прага» был превосходным: экзо-
тический салат, чешский борщ, рыба под соусом, бутылка
белого вина. Группа музыкантов исполняла русские и за-
рубежные песни. Мы замечательно провели время. День
подходил к концу. Наступил теплый весенний вечер. Мы
медленно прошли в Александровский сад, затем на Ма-
нежную площадь, мимо Кремля и гостиницы «Россия». И
здесь мы расстались, пообещав друг другу встретиться че-
рез две недели.

ТЕСТОВЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ
НА ВСЕ СЛУЧАИ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ
АРТИКЛЕЙ
Тест 1. Прочитайте предложения и объясните употребление ар-
тиклей в них.
1.There is a legend about a bird that sings only once.
From the time it is born, it searches for a thorn tree and, when
it finds one, it flies at the longest, sharpest thorn. As it dies, the
bird sings its song — the most beautiful one. 2.It was an old
song about a boat from Liverpool that went on a long voyage
across the Atlantic. The song was almost as long as the voyage,
but Disco sang it to the end. 3. - That dorm only lets men visit
girls once in a blue moon... - Well, when's the next blue
moon? - Next Saturday. - Okay, we'll wait till then. 4.The
English governed the oceans in the 19th century as if they were
their own property. 5.The young man roamed the world and
was saluted as a rising star. 6.The Red Sea is the saltiest sea in
the world, and its water is used for medical purposes. 7.0n my
twelfth birthday, I was told where babies came from. Previous-
ly, I had imagined they came from the supermarket like every-
thing else. 8.Yes, but why rub salt into the wound? You did
know that she is the last person to do anything against^ the
rules. 9.My mother, a famous actress, is really like a gypsy, flit-
ting around the world, going wherever her work takes her.
10.In the evening I went for a beer in a dive bar around the
corner, where I waited weeks for service. 11.He turned at the
door, hesitated for a moment, a Hollywood smile on his face,
and disappeared into the evening. 12.The book is about violence
and injustice, love and survival and man's inhumanity to man.
13.Take care of the first two stages of the language and the rest
will take care of itself. (H.Palmer) 14.A proverb is a traditional
saying which offers advice or presents a moral in a short and
concise manner. Proverbs continue to provide the sauce to
222

relish the meat of ordinary speech. 15.Alcohol is evil. But a Eu-
ropean study revealed that a glass of red wine a day could reduce
the risk of heart disease by 25 to 40 percent. More studies fol-
lowed, some showing that moderate drinkers lived longer and
had fewer diseases than abstainers. 16. — Tonight, if you want,
we shall have a duel. Roy will be my second. — What do you
mean by «your second»? — Well, a second is there to take over
if you die.
Тест 2. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необходимо.
1. ...girl didn't want to take ...advice from ...total
stranger. 2.On ...morning of... third day ...sea calmed. ЗЛ
was scolded for ...hour as ...most ungrateful child in
...world. 4. ... hard work is ... key to ... success. 5.Which is
taller — ... Eiffel Tower or ... Big Ben? 6.After ... school
they had ... lunch. After ... lunch they went for ... stroll. 7.
... duke charted ... yacht for ... cruise in ... Atlantic. 8.... big
fellow arranged to carry Tom's boxes to ... school for
...dollar. 9.We walked along ...street, in ...direction
of... church, chatting easily as ...old friends do. 10.There
was ... small moon racing through ... clouds. 11.Pamela was
buying ... fruit at ... market when ... man stole her purse.
12. ...price of ...coffee is rising ...year by ...year.
13."Good morning, ...class!" ...teacher said with ...smile.
14. ...atom was known to ...ancient Greeks. 15.If you
move ...bed to ...window, you're sure to catch ...cold.
16.He fell in ... love with ... place and bought ... house there
and then. 17.Tim told ...truth, but ...girl didn't believe
...word of it. ...truth was too bitter. 18. ...warm thoughts
can fill ...day with ...sunshine. 19.1 got ...good mark for
...test which I wrote on ...second day of... school.
20.Stephen is ... absolute beginner and he needs ... step-by-
... step instructions. 21. ...mayor cut ...ribbon to open
... new hospital. 22. ... clean desk is ... sign of... sick mind.
23.Anne gave ... dinner party on ... Saturday night and
223

invited several local couples; it was... pleasant evening.
24. ... orchestra in ... Cabaret Club was playing ... foxtrot.
25.1 am taking ... dog for ... run in ... early morning.
Тест З. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необходимо.
1.Before going to ... bed, ... boy would ask his father to
tell him ...bedtime story. 2.... man who wastes ... money is
known as ... spendthrift. 3.Lady Gerda, ... rich and eccentric
woman, left ... party before ... dinner. 4. ... cement consists
of... mixture of... clay and ... chemicals. 5.She thinks Ted is
... failure, so ... man drinks. ... more he drinks, ... more he
fails. 6. ...jazz festival took place at ... Congress Centre in
... Hague. 7. ... fellow was ... professional weight-lifter and
never drank ...alcohol. 8. ...leather is usually cool to
...touch. 9.After ...breakfast she left for ...Rockies by
...plane. 10. ...new engineer is ... whiz at ...electronics.
11.— What did God say after creating ... man? — I could do
... better job. 12. ... Buckingham Palace holds ...greatest per-
sonal collection of... works of art in ... entire world. 13.Then
they had ... talk about ... changes which ... doctor had made
in ...hospital. 14. ...breakfast will be served early in
...morning, right after ...sunrise. 15. ...sportsman had
... nasty cold and was hoping to throw it off without going to
... bed. 16. ... England is ... paradise for ... women. 17. ... few
minutes later, ...agent hurried to ...phone. He knew
... number of... police station by... heart. 18.When ... wind is
in ...east, it is neither good for ...man nor ...beast.
19. ... dawn was breaking as I stretched out on ... couch to
have ... hour's sleep. 20. ...workers are installing ... new bell
in ... church. 21. ... otter used to be ... common animal, but
is now found only in ... northern Britain. 22.Don't speak in
... loud voice and never use ... foreign accent while talking to
... foreign visitor. 23.Harris had ... nasty shock ... other day
when he saw his neighbour's house on ... fire. 24.My, friend
works for ... dating service. Her job is to match ... men and
224

... women who want to build ... family. 25.Without ... love
... world would be ... dull, lifeless place!
Тест 4. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необходимо.
1.1 had ... interview for... job as ... clerk in ... local bank
last week. 2. ... driver who won ... race was driving ... red Fer-
rari. 3.She carried ... meat into ... kitchen, placed it in ... pan,
turned ... oven on, and put ... pan inside. 4.His name is on
... tip of my tongue. It'll come to me in ... moment. 5. ... chil-
dren had to rise from ...table before ...dinner was over.
6.There was something in ... air, there was ... bright star in
... sky, and ... silver moon was shining for ... lovers. 7.... man
would tire of... woman not interested in anything else but her
household. 8.1 see ... small dog in ... rain. It looks ... picture of
... despair. 9.Then ... secretary filled ... second cup of tea and
gave it to ... visitor. 10.1 make myself... cup of... quick coffee
and take it back to ... bed with me. 11.Don't tell me ... sweet
lies! Tell me ... truth! 12. ... Bristol Hotel, founded at... end of
...19th century, is located opposite ...Opera House
in... Vienna. 13. ...expression of her face was ...mixture
of... love and ...concern. 14. ...three of them went for
... swim, carefully avoiding ... subject of Charles. 15.1 must say
... girl has ... sense of... humor, as well as ... common sense.
16.Charles is ... special breed of... man. He's ... British aristo-
crat. 17.He took ... deep breath and said, "I have ... confession
to make". 18."You are ... very best, and ... apple of my eye. I
don't want you to get into ...mess." 19. ...summary is
... shortened version of ... passage, in your own words.
20. ...guest, ...fashion model, was ...vegetarian. 21. ...Dean
needn't finish ... work if he is in... hurry. ... report can wait.
22.... dress is ... dream! It fits you like ... glove! 23. ... Benelux
is ... regional economic association consisting of... Belgium,
... Netherlands and ... Luxembourg. 24. ... soldier was wound-
ed badly in ... chest. 25. ... fine rain was falling, and though
225

... wind was not strong enough ... house seemed to be shaking
and creaking like ... wooden ship.
Тест 5. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необходимо.
1. ... Professor Sorokin has just got ... very tempting in-
vitation to visit ... Emirates. 2. ... man gets deeper into ... se-
crets of... cosmos, into ... mysteries of... universe. 3. ... people
from ... British Museum have come and removed all ... orien-
tal books. 4.0n ... night of January 7, in ... year 1610, Galileo
peered through ...telescope at ...planet Jupiter. He saw
... three stars near ... Jupiter. 5. ... picture of Mike appeared on
... screen. He was waving at ... audience and grinning from
... ear to ... ear. 6. ... President Johnson as well as ... Prime
Minister opposed ... bill. 7.1 laid ... package on ... counter for
... assistant to fetch it in ... hour. 8.Hi, Max! Did you have
... nice weekend? I need you badly, there's ...problem with
... printer again. 9.Hopefully Caroline will be in ... better mood
at ...party. 10. ...Basques, ...small ethnic group, live in
... Pyrenees Mountains in ... northern Spain and ...south-
western France. 11.Take ...good care of...boss. ...next one
can be worse. 12.Then he bought himself ... day-old-English
newspaper from ... kiosk, glanced at ... headlines and walked
back to ... hotel. 13."I thought we might have ... talk before
... lunch," Philip said with ... smile. 14.And she found his up-
per-class English voice ...joy to listen to. It was beautiful,
... voice of ... Shakespearean actor. 15.He comes from ... dif-
ferent world than you. He belongs to ... privileged, he is one of
... chosen. 16.He took ... step forward, smile<3 ... quiet little
smile and without ...word kissed her fully on ...mouth.
17.Anne had spoken ...truth when they had discussed
... house ... other day; she had loved ... place from ... very first
moment she set her eyes on it. 18.... motto of... festival held
by ... Cambridge University Press in Moscow in ... State Li-
brary for ...Children was: "Discover ...World Through
... English". 19. ... young man does his writing at... night, and
226

during ... day he teaches ... English language in order to make
...living. 20. ...lift had shot right up through ...roof
of... factory and was now rising into ... sky like ... rocket.
21.He paid ...waiter ...huge tip and left ...expensive restau-
rant. 22. ...fellow fished out ...pound from ...bottom of his
bag. 23. ...person should come to ...theatre with ...open
mind and ... desire to have ... great night. 24.I'll invite ... old
girl out to lunch up in ... town. I'll lunch her at ... Carlton.
...oysters, ...champagne, ...marvellous soufflii, ...green
Chartreuse. 25.Don't worry about ... old man — he's as deaf
as ...post, he can't hear ... word we're saying.
*Тест 6. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необходимо.
Why I like England
l.I like living in England because everywhere else is for-
eign and strange. ...only language I speak is ...English:
I dropped ... French at school and took up ... athletics instead.
But I wouldn't like anyone to think that I don't like Abroad.
I do. Abroad means ... adventure and ... danger and ... deli-
cious food, but Abroad is also tiring and confusing and full of
... foreigners who tell you that ... bank is open when it is not.
2.Being ...town dweller I passionately love ... English
countryside. Though I must say that "It looks better on ... telly
than it does in ... real life", as... child said to me once at some
party.
3.1 only fully appreciated ... varied nature of ... English
countryside after driving for two days through ... Swedish pine
forest. By ... morning of... second day I was tired of all those
pines, and by ... late evening I was desperately homesick.
4.1 like ... English weather, like ... countryside it's con-
stantly drawing attention to itself. I started this article in
... room filled with ... sunlight, but now ... strong wind has
materialized and ... room is full of... gloom.
5.1 like ... reserve of ... English people, because I don't
particularly want to talk to ... strangers in ... trains either,
227

unless of course there is ... crisis such as "a cow on the line"
causing ... hour's delay.
6.1 like ... way in which ... English cope with ... disasters.
Cut our water off and we will cheerfully queue at... stand pipe
in ... snow. Throw us into ... rat-infested foreign jail and we
will go out in ... daylight saying that our jailers were "decent
sorts who treated us well." I bet somewhere, pinned on
... prison wall, is ... Christmas card: "To my friend and captor,
Pedro, from Jim Wilkinson of ... cell 14."
7. ... England I love best is ... England of ... childhood;
when ... children could play in ... street, and when ... car com-
ing down ... road brought us out of our houses to gaze at it in
... admiration.
8.1 am happy to live in ... country that produces ... im-
portant things: ...wonderful plays, ...books, ...literature,
... heart surgeons, ... gardeners and ... "Private Eye".
9.1 was asked to write about why I like England. Now if
I'd been asked to write about why I don't like England I'd
have written ... much longer article, and I suspect it would
have been ... easier task. It's our birthright and privilege to
criticize ... country we live in. I asked ... friend of mine where,
if he had ... choice and ... money, he would choose to live. He
replied gloomily, "There isn't anywhere else."
{after Sue Townsend)
*Тест 7. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необходимо.
Adrian Mole in Moscow
1.1 woke up at 6 a.m. in ... morning, got out of ... bed
and had ... wash in ... cold water. I had read somewhere that
"... cold water makes ... man of you". Then I warmed myself
... frozen croissant and made ... cup of... Earl Grey Tea. After
... breakfast I went to ... Lake District on ... train. I was struck
by ... beauty of... place, but there were no daffodils as William
Wordsworth, ...old lake poet, wrote. I asked ...man why
there were no ... daffodils around and he said, "It's ...July,
228

... lad." By ... tea-time I had written three poems and hurried
back to ... station to catch ... train back to ... Midlands.
2.In ... afternoon I went to Pandora. Her father, Mr.
Braithwaite, was going to Russia and wanted Pandora to go
with him. But Pandora said she couldn't leave her cat. I could
hardly believe my ears. During ... pause in their argument I
said, "I would give my right leg to go to ... country of Dos-
toyevsky's birth." When Mr. Braithwaite had gone into ... gar-
den Pandora said, "You shall go to Russia!" She worked on
her father ...whole week. She refused to eat, she played her
stereo at full decibels. She invited her punk friends to ... tea
every day. By ... end of... week Mr. Braithwaite was ... broken
man and his wife was begging him to take me behind ... Iron
Curtain.
3.Except my putting my seat belt around my neck
... flight was uneventful. In ... early morning Mr. Braithwaite
left ... note for me. It said "Enjoy your day, see you late to-
night." So, I was alone in Moscow. After ... breakfast our par-
ty got on ... coach and we were taken to see ... sights. We went
to ... Kremlin, and ... Bolshoi Theatre and ... Olympic Stadi-
um and ... residence of... British Ambassador until it was time
for ... lunch.
4. ...Afternoon was free so I went for ...walk in
... Gorky Park. Loads of Russians were walking about like
... English people do. Some were licking ... ice-cream, some
were talking and laughing and sunbathing with ... rouble notes
on their noses to prevent sunburn. In ... evening we were tak-
en to ... Opera where I and most of... Russians in ... audience
fell asleep.
5.On my last afternoon in Moscow I did ... brave thing.
I went down into ... magnificent metro in an attempt to find
Moscow's shopping centre. Most people were reading
... heavy intellectual books. I got out OK, found the shops and
four hours later was returning to ... hotel with ... giant Russian
doll which contained thirty other dolls inside it. Pandora will
get ... biggest doll, and my father will get ... smallest. Three
229

roubles were burning ... hole in my sock so I removed my
shoe, took ... money out and summoned ... taxi. "Take me to
Dostoyevsky's grave," I cried. ... taxi driver said, "How much
money do you have?" "Three roubles," I replied. "It isn't
enough, ... sunshine," he said, "Dostoyevsky's grave is in
Leningrad." I complimented him on his English, went to
... hotel, did my packing and prepared to fly back.
6.Mrs. Braithwaite and Pandora were waiting beyond
... barrier at ... Gatwick. ... crowd took me through ... barrier
and into ...hands of Pandora and England. Oh, England,
England, England!
{after Sue Townsend)
*Тест 8. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необходимо.
Adrian Mole's Christmas
1. Something dead strange has happened to Christmas.
It's not just ... same as it used to be when I was ... kid. In fact
I've never really got over ... trauma of finding out that my pa-
rents had been lying to me annually about... existence of San-
ta Claus.
2. To me then, at... age of eleven, Santa Claus was a bit
like God, all-seeing, all-knowing, but without ... awful things
that God allows to happen: ... earthquakes, ... famines, ... mo-
torway crashes. I would lie in ... bed, my heart beating in an-
ticipation of the Beano.album. I would imagine ...big jolly
Santa saying to his elves: "Give Adrian Mole something de-
cent this year. He is ... good lad. He never forgets to put
... lavatory seat down."
3. Alas, now at the age of sixteen I know that my par-
ents walk around ...town centre with ...consumer panic,
"What shall we get for Adrian?" Is it any wonder that Christ-
mas Eve has lost its awe?
4. This Christmas I got not... bad collection of presents.
I got ... grey zip-up cardigan I had asked for. ... Oxford dic-
tionary will come in useful for increasing my word power. But
230

... best present of all was ... electric shaver. I have already had
three shaves. My chin is as smooth as ... billiard ball.
5. ... Sugdens, my mother's relations, turned up at 11.30
a.m. I came out of my room in time for Christmas dinner and
had to engage them in ... conversation. They told me in ... de-
tail about ... life-cycle of King Edward potatoes which they
cultivated. ... dinner was late as usual. My mother has never
learnt ... secret of coordinating ... ingredients of ... meal. I
went into ... kitchen to give her ... advice, but she shouted,
"Bugger off out." When it came, ... meal was quite nice, but
there was not ... holiday atmosphere over ... table; not ... sin-
gle anecdote was told. In fact I wish I'd had my Xmas dinner
with Ned Sherrin. His relations are dead lucky to have him. I
bet their sides ache from laughing.
6. In ... evening we had ... game of cards, there was a lot
of joking about my father winning ... thousand pounds off
Sugden. ... Sugdens went to ... bed early. They are leaving for
... Norfolk at... dawn because they are worried about... potato
poachers.
{after Sue Townsend)
*Тест 9. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необходимо.
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory
1. ... small boy whose name was Charlie Bucket lived
with his family of ... six grown-ups in ... small wooden house
on ... edge of ... great town. Mr. Bucket was ... only person in
... family with ...job. But he got so little money that they
couldn't buy ... proper food. ... Buckets, of course, didn't
starve, but they felt hungry from ... morning till ... night.
Charlie felt it worst of all. ... one thing he longed for more
than anything else was ... CHOCOLATE.
2. Only once ... year, on his birthday, did Charlie ever
taste ... chocolate. ...whole family saved up their money for
that special occasion, and when .., great day arrived, Charlie
was always presented with ... small chocolate bar to eat all by
231

himself, ... bit by ... bit ... boy would make his bar of ... birth-
day chocolate last him for more than ... month.
3. But... most awful thing was that within sight of Char-
lie's house there was ... enormous CHOCOLATE FACTO-
RY!
4. Just imagine that!
5. It was Mr. Wonka's Factory. ... man was ...greatest
inventor and maker of... chocolate. Twice ... day on his way to
and from ... school ... little Charlie went by, and oh, how he
wished he could go inside ... factory and see what it was like!
6. One evening Charlie's father came home very excited.
"Have you heard ... news?" he cried. "Listen! 'I, Willie Won-
ka, have decided to allow five children to visit my factory this
year. They will see all ... secrets and ... magic of my factory.
Then, at ... end of ... tour, all of them will be given enough
chocolates to last them for ... rest of their lives! So watch out
for ... Golden Tickets! They have been hidden in five ordinary
bars of chocolate, which can be in any shop, in any country in
... world! Good luck to you all!'"
7. And believe it or not, but Charlie Bucket was one of
... five lucky ones. On ... morning of ... big day ... five happy
ticket holders were standing at ... iron gates of ... factory.
8. ... first one was Augustus who was ... very greedy boy.
9. ... next was Veruca, ... girl who was spoiled by her
parents. Then came Violet, ...girl who chewed ...gum all
... day long. ... fourth child was Mike, ... boy who did nothing
but watched television. And finally came Charlie, ... hero of
... book. Mr. Wonka met ... children inside ... open gates and
oh, what ... extraordinary little man he was! Clever, quick,
sharp and full of ... life!
10. Mr. Wonka opened ... door to ... Chocolate Room
and what ... amazing sight it was! In ... lovely valley there
flowed ... great brown chocolate river. Every drop of that river
was ...hot melted chocolate of ...finest quality. Augustus,
... greedy boy, ran to ... river, started drinking chocolate and
was sucked in. "Off we go," cried Mr. Wonka, "don't worry
232

about Augustus. He'll come out in ... end." While they were
examining all ...wonders of ...factory, Violet, ...girl who
chewed gum non-stop, seized ... huge piece of... chewing gum
and got stuck in it. Veruca, ... spoiled girl, fell down ... hole
while trying to catch ... squirrel who was cracking ... nuts for
...chocolates. Mike, ...fourth child, saw ...button "Television
Chocolate", pressed it and got glued to ... TV screen.
11. Now there was only Charlie left. "My dear boy,"
cried Mr. Wonka. "That means you've won! Well done! This
is terrific! You see, my dear boy, I have decided to make you
... present of... factory. As soon as you are old enough you will
run it and it will become yours. I have no children, no family
at all. I want ... good sensible loving child to whom I can tell
all... precious sweet-making secrets - while I'm still alive. We
must go at once and fetch ... rest of your family. They can all
live in ... factory from now on! They can all help to run it until
you are old enough to do it by yourself!"
{after Roald Daht)
Тест 10. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необходимо.
A Martian Comes to Stay
1. It was on ... second day of Peter's holiday with his
grandmother that ... Martian came to ... cottage. There was
... knock at ... door and when he went to open it there was
... small green person with eyes on ... end of antennae who
said in ... perfectly polite voice, "I wonder if I might bother
you for ... spanner?" "Sure," said Peter. "I'll ask my Gran."
Peter's gran was ... unusual lady, as you will discover. "Have
...look in Grandad's toolbox, there should be one," said
Gran. Peter found ... spanner and took it back to ... Martian,
who thanked him warmly, "We've got some trouble and had
to make ... emergency landing. ... mechanic says he left his
tools back at ...base. It's all ... mystery to me - anyway,
thanks a lot. I"ll bring it back in ... minute." And he went
away.
233

2. "You should have offered him to have ... rest," said
Gran, "He had such ... long journey." "Yes," said Peter. "I
didn't think of that." In three minutes there was ... knock at
... door again. ... Martian was there, looking very agitated. He
said, "They've gone." "Who's gone?" asked Peter. "... others.
... spaceship. They've taken off and left me." Gran, mean-
while, had put... kettle on. "... way I see it it's not very nice to
leave him here like this, I really don't know what's to be
done, so, let's have ... nice cup of... tea."
3. Tea and biscuits cheered ... Martian up. Gran looked
at ...visitor and asked delicately, "Are you, er, ...young or
... old person?" "I'm three hundred and twenty-seven," said
... Martian. "Ah," said Gran. "Then there's ...bit of an age-
gap. Peter's nine. Still it's ... spirit that counts, isn't it? That's
what I always find, anyway."
4. ... visitor was ... adaptable person. He felt ... cold and
preferred to sit right against... stove and once he even got into
... oven for ... bit to warm up. Later they watched ... television.
... Martian was interested and raised ... interesting questions.
He was easy to feed. ... next days he got used to ... surround-
ings nicely. He helped with the washing-up and played ... Mo-
nopoly with Peter. Gran was knitting ... Martian ... sweater
now, and he was very grateful. He didn't go out, as Gran
thought it would be very difficult to explain his unusual ap-
pearance to ... neighbours. So he would have to stay inside till
... spaceship came back.
5. On ... Saturday there was ... flower show in ... vil-
lage. Gran thought it was ... shame that they couldn't take
... Martian there as for ... foreigner like him it would be in-
teresting to have ... look at their way of... life. And Peter had
...brilliant idea. Under ...stairs he found ...old push-chair
that had been used for him and his sister when they were
... kids. On ... day of... show they put ... Martian into
... push-chair and covered him with ... rug. To hide his an-
tennae they fixed ... sunshade over his head. The Martian
was happy and admired everything he saw. Peter took out his
234

money to see if it was enough for ... ice cream. Neither of
them saw Susie Stubbs, aged three, run up to ... push-chair.
She put out ... fat finger and poked the Martian, who sat
perfectly still. There was ...loud shriek. "Ooh, ...horrible
thing in that pram! Take it away! Want to go home!" ... in-
terested group of... people had gathered.
6. Gran and Peter pushed ... chair hastily. "Sorry about
that," said Gran to the Martian. Now they all realized that he
couldn't stay with them for ever. They did not want their
guest to be put on ... telly and that kind of thing. They dis-
cussed what was to be done. The Martian said that probably
his companions would be trying to find ... spot at which they
had landed but were having ... navigational problem. "We
could give ... signal," said Peter to his Gran. "In ... language
which they speak. He can tell us what to say." The Martian
became quite excited. He'd need ... radio transmitter, he said.
Gran shook her head. "I've got only ... big torch, we could
flash that, when ... night falls."
7. They had ... first signal session that evening. The
Martian dictated ... series of ... long and short flashes and
Gran and Peter enjoyed it. But nothing happened. They tried
again ... next night. At ... night Peter heard ... curious noise
from somewhere outside. And they saw some light in ... field.
Peter cried, "They're here!" The Martian was already on his
feet and hurrying to ... door. He paused, trying to take off
... sweater which Granny had given him. "You keep that,"
said Gran. "Someone might like to copy ... pattern, up where
you come from."
8. The Martian held out his hand. "Thank you very
much for having me. I've enjoyed every minute of it. I wish I
could suggest..." "No, dear," said Gran. "... return visit is out
of ... question, I'm afraid. I'm getting too old for that." The
Martian padded out. They saw him get smaller and then ... or-
ange light got larger and ... noise louder, and then there was
... snap of ... bright lights and ... rush and then ... silence and
... darkness.
235

9. Gran closed ... door. "That, I take it," she said, "was
... flying saucer. It's ... pity we didn't take ... picture. It would
have been nice for my album. And I should have made some
sandwiches for ...journey. You know, I've really taken to him.
You can tell he'd been brought up nicely, from his manners.
I wish some human beings had ... same."
(after Penelope Lively)
Тест 11. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необходимо.
Matilda — the Great Reader of Books
1. It's ... funny thing about ... mothers and ... fathers.
Even when their own child is ... most disgusting little thing
you could ever imagine, they still think that he or she is won-
derful and has ... qualities of... genius.
2. Well, there is nothing very wrong with all this. It's
... way of ... world. ... school teachers suffer a lot from having
to listen to this sort of talk from ... proud parents, but they
usually get their own back when the time comes to write
... end-of-term reports.
3. Occasionally one comes across parents who take
... opposite line, who show no interest at all in their children.
Mr. and Mrs. Wormwood were two such parents. They had
... son called Michael and ... daughter called Matilda and
... parents looked upon Matilda in particular as nothing more
than ... scab. ... scab is something you have to put up with un-
til the time comes when you can pick it off and flick it away.
Matilda was ... sensitive and brilliant girl. She was very quick
to learn. But her parents failed to notice anything unusual
about their daughter, so wrapped were they in their own silly
little lives. Matilda's brother Michael was ... perfectly normal
boy, but ... sister was something out of ... ordinary. By ... age
of one and ... half her speech was perfect and she knew as
many words as most grown-ups. ... parents called her ... noisy
chatterbox and told her sharply that small girls should be seen
and not heard.
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4. By ... time she was three, Matilda had taught herself
to read by studying ... newspapers and magazines that lay
around ... house. At ... age of four, she could read fast and
well. ... only book in ... house was "Easy Cooking" belonging
to her mother, and when she had read it from ... cover to
... cover and had learnt all ... recipes by ... heart, she decided
she wanted something more interesting.
5. "Daddy", she said, "do you think you could buy me
... book?" "... book?" he said. "What'd you want... book for?"
"To read, Daddy."
6. "What's wrong with ... telly? We've got ... lovely telly
and now you are asking for ...book. You're getting spoiled,
my girl!"
7. Nearly every weekday afternoon Matilda was left
alone in ... house. Her brother went to ... school, her father
went to ... work and her mother went out to play ... bingo. On
... afternoon of ... day when her father had refused to buy her
...book, Matilda went to ...public library in ...village all by
herself. When she arrived, she introduced herself to ... librar-
ian, Mrs. Phelps, and asked if she might read ... book. Mrs.
Phelps, surprised to see such ... tiny girl unaccompanied by
... parent, nevertheless told her she was very welcome. ... walk
to ... library took only ten minutes and every afternoon Matil-
da went there. She had two wonderful hours to sit there and
to read one book after another. When she had read every sin-
gle children's book in ... place, she started looking for some-
thing else.
8. Mrs. Phelps, who had been watching her with
... fascination for ... past few weeks, went over to her. "What
sort of... book would you like to read next?" she asked. "I've
finished all ...children's books and I would like ...really
good one that grown-ups read. ... famous one. I don't know
any names." Mrs. Phelps was more stunned than ever but
she had ... sense not to show it. "Exactly how old are you,
Matilda?" she asked. "Four years and three months," Matil-
da said. Mrs. Phelps looked along ... shelves, taking her time.
237

"Try this," she said at last. "It's very famous and very good."
"Great Expectations," Matilda read, "by Charles Dickens.
I'd love to try it."
9. Over ... next afternoon Mrs. Phelps could hardly take
her eyes from ... small girl sitting for hours in ... big armchair
with ... book in her lap, because it was too heavy for her to
hold up. Matilda was absorbed in ... wonderful adventures that
Dickens, ...great story-teller, had woven with his words.
Within ... week, Matilda had finished ... book which contained
four hundred and eleven pages. "I love it. Has Mr. Dickens
written any others?" she said to Mrs. Phelps. "A great
number," said ... astonished Mrs. Phelps. "Shall I choose you
another?"
10. Over ... next six months Matilda read ... long list of
books by Dickens, S.Bronte, Hemingway, George Orwell and
many others. Mrs. Phelps was filled with ... wonder and ... ex-
citement but she minded her own business, and didn't inter-
fere with ... other people's children.
11. "Mr. Hemingway says a lot of things I don't under-
stand. Especially about... men and ... women. But I loved it all
... same. ... way he tells it I feel I am right there on ... spot
watching it all happen." "... fine writer will always make you
feel that," Mrs. Phelps said. "By ... way, ... public libraries al-
low you to borrow books and take them home."
12. From then on, Matilda would visit ... library only
once ... week in order to take ... new books and return ... old
ones. Her own small bedroom now became her reading-room
and there she would sit and read most afternoons, often with
... mug of ... hot chocolate beside her. ... books transported
her into new worlds and introduced her to ... amazing people
who lived ... exciting lives. She went on old-day sailing ships
with Joseph Conrad. She went to ...Africa with Ernest He-
mingway and to ... India with Rudyard Kipling. She travelled
all over ... world while sitting in her little room in ... English
village.
(after Roald Daht)
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*Тест 12. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необходимо.
The Great Mushroom Mistake
1. Birthday presents for mothers can be ...problem. In
... first place there is the expense. In ... second place there is
... difficult matter of choice. ... present should be just what
...person wants, to know it you have to study ...person in
question.
2. Sue and Alan Hancock had studied their mother as
much as most children. And they could hardly help knowing
what she was interested in. Mrs. Hancock was good at grow-
ing things. She had "green fingers": her roses and her peas
were ... envy of ... neighbourhood. Whenever she had ... spare
minute she was out in ... garden.
3. And so birthday presents were not really ... problem.
There were new gardening gloves and special plants and flow-
ers. But this year they wanted something special, something
no one else's mother had. They searched ... usual shops and
only on ... day before ... birthday they saw ... very thing. Out-
side ... shop there was ... notice: Grow your own mushrooms!
... NEW CROP EVERY DAY!
4. They looked at each other. Their mother had grown
just about everything, but never ... mushrooms. They bought
... small plastic bag with mushrooms spore and ... instruction
leaflet.
5. Mrs. Hancock was thrilled. She couldn't wait to get
going. ... instruction said that ... mushrooms liked to grow in-
doors in ... darkish place. So she decided that... only place was
... cupboard in ... spare room. ... children helped her to scatter
... spore and all they had to do was to wait.
6. During ... night Alan woke once and thought he
heard ...creacking sound. And when in ...morning, they
opened ... door of... cupboard there was ... fine growth of
... mushrooms in ... boxes — fat adult mushrooms and baby
mushrooms. Mrs. Hancock was delighted, ... children were
proud of... success of their present; everyone had fried mush-
rooms for ...breakfast.
239

7. ... next day they found ... cupboard door half open and
mushrooms tumbling out, onto ... floor. "Gracious!" said
... mother. "It'll be ... mushroom soup for ... lunch today."
... next day there were as many mushrooms again. They had
mushrooms for every meal.
8. On ...third day there were mushrooms not only in
... cupboard but under ... washbin as well. There were too
many to eat; Mrs. Hancock gave some to ... postman and
... milkman and ... people next door.
9. That night ... creaking was more definite. Both chil-
dren heard it. And in ... early morning there were mushrooms
all over ... spare room floor, on ... stairs and even under ... ta-
ble in ... hall. ... Hancocks gazed at them in ... astonishment.
... people next door said they didn't want any more and
... children were getting tired of mushroom soup. In ... end
they had to throw a lot away.
10. Over ... next few days ... mushroom invasion contin-
ued. They found mushrooms in ... bathroom and in ... cooker
and in ... toy chest. It was when Mrs. Hancock had to vacuum
... mushrooms from ... sitting-room carpet that they realized
that ... situation had got quite out of control. "Green fingers,"
said Mr. Hancock sourly. "That's ...trouble."
11. Mrs. Hancock called in ...Pest Control Service.
"I've never seen anything like it," he said. "Now if it was
... rats or ... mice, or ... cockroaches I'd know what to do. This
is phenomenal." He left ... can of... weedkiller and said he
would come back in ... few days. But it didn't help.
12. That evening, Mrs. Hancock said, "There's nothing
for it. We'll have to call in ...Aunt Sadie." There was ... si-
lence. Mr. Hancock sighed. "... desperate measure," he said,
"but I see ... point."
13. Many families have ...Aunt Sadie: an expert
long-distance interferer. The relation who scents defects
as soon as she has one foot inside ... door. And there was
nothing Aunt Sadie enjoyed more than as she called it,
"lending ...willing hand". What chance, Mr. Hancock
240

agreed, would ... few mushrooms have against Aunt
Sadie?
14. Aunt Sadie, dropping her suitcase in ...hall,
walked through ... house inspecting. She fetched ... dustpan
and shoveled out ... couple of pounds of mushrooms from
inside ...grandfather clock. ...Hancocks watched with
...interest. "I'll want everyone out of ...place except
...children. You'd better go for ...short holiday, Mary."
"But I don't want ...holiday," Mrs. Hancock began.
"You'll have to. There's no two ways about it. You encour-
aged ... things. I always said that gardening was unnatural."
She rolled up her sleeves. The next few days ... house
looked as though ...bomb had hit it. They cleaned, and
washed, and scrubbed. But ... mushrooms grew and grew.
No disinfectant helped. For five days Aunt Sadie and
... mushrooms did battle. She was too taken up with
... mushrooms to interfere into other things. Until one
evening Alan made ... mistake of ... coughing. "You've got
...cough," said Aunt Sadie. " ...bit of biscuit got stuck,"
said Alan hastily. "I know ... chronic cough when I hear
one," she said. She took out ...enormous handbag, which
accompanied her even into ...bathroom, ...bottle with
some brown stuff, and ... spoon. "Open your mouth."
15. Whether what happened next was ... accident or not
will never be known. As Alan's nose smelled ... medicine he
sneezed and ... mixture blew from ... spoon, ... spoon flew
from Aunt Sadie's hand and ... bottle was knocked on ... floor.
Everyone began to blame everyone else until suddenly Sue
cried, "Look."
16. ...tide of cough mixture had reached ...mushrooms
under ... table and ... very curious thing happened. ... mush-
rooms vanished. They simply expired. "Well!" said Aunt
Sadie. "That's interesting." "If that does it to people too,
"said Alan, "it's ...jolly good thing I didn't swallow it", Aunt
Sadie ignored him. This time she went shopping herself. She
persuaded ... chemist to make up several gallons of cough mix-
241

ture and came back home armed with ... new weapon. She set
to work and within ... few hours there was not ... mushroom
in ... sight, nor did any appear the next days. Aunt Sadie
walked around ... house in ... triumph, and sent for Mr. and
Mrs. Hancock. ... children, eyeing ... remains of... cough mix-
ture with ... awe, were extraordinarily careful not to cough.
17. And that was ... end of ... great mushroom mistake.
For her next birthday ... children gave ... mother six handker-
chiefs and some talcum powder, safe presents. And Aunt
Sadie's reputation soared to even greater heights: there was
nothing, it was generally agreed, with which she could not
deal. ... government, Mr. Hancock suggested, would do well to
hire her and keep her in hand for use in cases of... epidemics,
... earthquake or ... flood. And ... Pest Control Man, who hap-
pened to call back ... day before Aunt Sadie left, is still trying
to get ... recipe for that cough mixture from her.
(after Penelope Lively)
*Тест 13. Вставьте в пропуски артикли, если это необходимо.
A Flock of Gryphons
1. It's not only human beings who use churches and ca-
thedrals. Birds do, too. Look carefully, next time you're in
front of ... cathedral and, somewhere, high on ... head of
... statue, you'll see ...pigeon's nest.
2. ... Westminster Abbey, in London, is no ... exception.
... London pigeons, let me tell you, are very set in their ways.
They don't move easily. They stay in ... same part for genera-
tions. ... Trafalgar Square pigeons wouldn't be seen on ... riv-
er; ... Westminster Abbey pigeons consider themselves a cut
above the St. Paul's lot. And those two, mind, are ... most su-
perior roosts in London. ...pigeons of ...Abbey claim that
they have inherited ... right since ... time of William ... Con-
queror. Between you and me, that's snobbish ... bit, but it's
true enough that some of them could trace their nests back to
... Queen Victoria, or even to ... battle of... Waterloo.
242

3. It's ...odd place to be raised for ...young pigeon
among ... statues of... kings and ... fantastic birds and ... fishes
and what not. ... pair with which we're concerned were per-
fectly ordinary, raising one brood every year, spending their
days around ... Parliament Square Gardens, being polite to
... tourists like any responsible London pigeons. Nevertheless,
it was they who began it all.
4. At first everything seemed quite normal. The two
eggs hatched on time, and there were the usual chicks. But
... month later ... mother pigeon had ... suspicion that things
weren't as they should be, She said, "You know, there's
something funny about this year's lot." "They are always
ugly at this stage, dear," ... father answered. After ... few
days they had stronger doubts. They called ... old wise pi-
geon, who studied ... chicks and spoke. "Well, I hardly know
what to say. You were quite right to be concerned." ... moth-
er began to weep. "It's not my fault. I've done all ... right
things. I've fed them and sat on them..." ... old pigeon
sighed. "I'm sure you shouldn't blame yourself. It could have
happened to anyone. Put it down to ...weather. Or ...gov-
ernment. Or all those satellites whizzing around up above."
"What you've got there," said ... old pigeon, "is ... pair of
gryphons. Head and wings of... eagle, tail of... serpent, body
of ... lion. Pigeon-sized they'll be, and unique. Unknown to
science."
5. Though ...parent pigeons were upset, they continued
to feed and look after their offspring.
6. Soon news reached them that not all was well in oth-
er Abbey nests. ... father said, "It's not just us, it's happened
to some of... others," and pigeon nature being much like hu-
man nature, they both felt ... faint sense of ... relief. Their
gryphons were ... first to leave ... nest and fly into Parliament
Square Gardens, where they began immediately to potter
around in ... perfectly pigeonlike way picking up crumbs. At
... casual glance you wouldn't say that there was anything odd
about them.
243

7. ... first person to pay any attention to them was... eld-
erly Member of Parliament who had popped out for ... breath
of... fresh air, and was having ... sit down on one of ... bench-
es. He looked at them and then quickly looked away again and
wished he hadn't had such ... large meal last night and hurried
back into ... Parliament.
8. ...gryphons were now circling round ... old lady who
was feeding ... birds with ... end of... loaf. She stared at them
and then got out her glasses and stared harder. Then, being
... sensible person, she went to fetch ... nearest policeman.
...policeman strolled over. He was used to being told by
... dear old ladies that something funny was going on. ... po-
liceman looked, then looked more closely. "Like in 'Alice in
Wonderland'", said ... old lady, "only small." Several people
had now gathered. ... policeman began to talk into his walkie-
talkie; somebody tried to catch one of ... gryphons. "None of
that," said the policeman. "Now then, everyone move along,
please, there's nothing to look at." Everyone hung around.
... tourists got out their cameras and thus it was that ... photo
of ... gryphon appeared on ... front page of ... "Sun" ... next
morning.
9. ...policeman called ...very important policeman he
knew and ... even more important Cabinet Minister and with-
in half... hour ...whole Parliament Square was cordoned off
and there was ... worst traffic jam London had ever known.
Some people said it was another of those demonstrations and
others said knowingly there'd been ...bomb thrown at
... Prime Minister. Large crowds of people gathered, they
gazed over ... barriers into Parliament Square Gardens where
two dozen policemen and several people from ... Zoo were
prowling around with cameras and big nets.
10. ... gryphons sat in ... top of tall trees and watched.
11. That was DAY ONE. By DAY TWO it was on
... evening television news and on DAY THREE every news-
paper in ... country was full of letters saying what ought or
ought not to be done. ... Royal Society for ... Protection of
244

... Birds had ... march to ... Downing Street to hand in ... peti-
tion demanding that ...whole Embankment should be turned
into ...gryphon sanctuary and Parliament moved for ...time
being into ... Wembley Stadium (it was June, and ... good dry
weather). The Save Britain's Heritage people wanted them
declared ... national monument immediately. Meanwhile more
gryphons came down from their nests. ... National Union of
Farmers said they were dangerous and must be shot before
they got out of hand.
12. On DAY SIX Parliament, which had been having
... succession of ... emergency debates, passed ... Gryphon
Protection Act. No gryphon was to be killed or caught;
... penalties were most terrible. Zoologists from all over
...world descended upon London, heavy with cameras and
causing yet more traffic jams. ... pigeon parents watched it all
with ... astonishment. They didn't know whether to be proud
or ashamed. But scientists became interested what could have
caused it all. Some people said darkly ... Government were
behind it and ... rather wild clergyman from ... Cornwall kept
announcing that it was ... beginning of ... end of ... world. So
... Archbishop of ... Canterbury had to make ... television an-
nouncement saying firmly that it wasn't but that we should be
proud that we could still do things that other countries
couldn't.
13. ... President of... United States wrote ... private letter
to ... Queen hinting that he'd like ... really nice Christmas
present this year. He and his wife just loved birds, he said,
especially unusual kinds.
14. ... Russian President sent ... formal note to ... Prime
Minister offering two-thirds of... Siberia in exchange for
...pair of...gryphons.
15. ... Chinese offered six pandas for ... pair.
16. ... French suggested ... straight swap for ... Eiffel
Tower.
17. ... Japanese said they'd give ... portable television set,
... pocket calculator and ... electric train set to every child in
245

... country if they could have ... pair of... gryphons. It caused a
lot of trouble as there was ... march of two thousand children
who thought it was... interesting idea. But two thousand other
children didn't, and marched the next day with banners say-
ing: KEEP BRITISH GRYPHONS IN BRITAIN!
18. Gryphon fever raged all ...summer. There was
... special item at... end of... BBC news every day called "The
Gryphon Summary", reporting on how and where ...gryph-
ons were. Everyone was wearing gryphon T-shirts and singing
... Gryphon Song. The days got shorter and cooler; it was
... autumn. Now ... pigeons, as you know, do not migrate; they
are ... stay-at-home birds. It never occurred to anyone that
...gryphons would not do ...same. Imagine, then, ...horror
of... people when one sunny October day they all started to
line up on ... telephone wires high above Parliament Square.
... Curator of Birds, pale and shaking, telephoned ... Queen
and ... Prime Minister. "Is it normal for them to migrate?"
asked ... Queen. No one could answer ... question. ... Prime
Minister sent telegrams to other Prime Ministers everywhere
making it clear that any migrating gryphons were British
property and must be treated as such.
19. Word had got round. By ... evening of that day there
were huge silent crowds of people outside ... Houses of Parlia-
ment, watching ... gryphons. When at last ... dusk fell... whole
flock of gryphons rose into ... air, circled three times above
... Big Ben and then lifted higher and higher above ... Thames.
Lots of people were in ...tears, though no one could have said
exactly why.
20. They never came back. And no gryphon ever
hatched again from any nest on Westminster Abbey or any
other cathedral. And where did they go? That's ... mystery.
Bird watchers have watched for them from ... Greenland to
... Falkland Islands. Maybe on ... shores of some undiscovered
lake there is ... flock of gryphons, living peacefully and breed-
ing far from the tourists and the traffic. I rather hope so.
{after Penelope Lively)

Ответы
к упражнениям и тестам
1.1.an 2.a З.а 4.ап 5.а 6.an 7.an 8.а 9.ап Ю.а 11.а 12.ап
13.ап 14.а 15.а 16.а 17.ап 18.а 19.ап 2О.а 21.ап 22.ап 23.а
24.ап 25.а 26.ап 27.ап 28.а 29.а ЗО.ап
З.А.Во всех случаях неопределенный артикль
переходит в нулевой артикль. Например: These are
thrilling shows.
B.I.A man who drinks and drives is a criminal.
2.A housekeeper must be economical. 3.A secretary should
know computers and languages. 4.A politician must be a good
leader and speaker. 5.A horror film is not for a small child.
6.A partner should be a reliable person. 7.An hour passed be-
fore the police came. 8.An accountant must be good at figures.
9.1 can see a sheep in the field. 10.There is a goose in the
pond. 11.A witch is dangerous. 12.A teacher sows seeds of
knowledge that will grow forever.
4.1.Those are clever men. 2.They are pretty women.
3.There are fish in the aquarium. 4.We saw nice little mice in
the kitchen. 5.My baby has teeth already. 6.They are printers
to computers. 7.We've got Language Activators. 8.They are
serious mistakes. 9.My friend has pets, cats. lO.We saw west-
erns last month. 11.Have they got private houses or flats? 12.1
got nice presents on my birthday. 13.Electric kettles are very
convenient. H.They are new fashion magazines. 15.Helen has
aunts and uncles.
5.A.I.Artists paint pictures and make sculptures.
2.Teachers give knowledge to people. 3.Architects design
buildings. 4. Electricians install and repair electrical equip-
ment. 5.Nurses look after sick people. 6.Engineers construct
machinery and engines. 7.Carpenters make and repair wooden
things. 8.Dressmakers make women's clothes. 9.Bus-drivers
247

drive buses. 10.Buskers are musicians who sing in the streets
for money. 11.Accountants inspect or keep financial accounts.
12.Policemen keep order and protect the law. 13.Businessmen
run commercial or industrial firms. 14.Doctors treat sick peo-
ple. 15.Barbers cut men's hair.
B. I. a, the. an, a. a, the, a, a. an.
II. a, a. a, -, -, -, -, -. the. a, -, a. a, a, an, a.
8.1.e 2.g 3.h 4.c 5.j 6.f 7.1 8.d 9.m lO.k ll.n 12.i 13.a
14.b
9.A.I.a secretary 2.a writer 3.a model 4.a doctor
5.a hairdresser 6.a politician 7.an interpreter 8.a lady 9.a stu-
dent 10.a detective
B.I.an architect 2.a burglar 3.a vegetarian 4.a busker
5.a customer 6.a manager 7.a dictionary 8.a mirror 9.an ac-
countant 10.a friend
ll.A.Bo всех случаях — а, кроме: 4.- , 9.- , 13.an
В. Во всех случаях — а, кроме: 2.-, 9.an, 12.-
12.1.~ It's time to make a break and have a snack. -
It's a good idea! 2.— Let's go out for a smoke. — Yes, but it's
cold outside, we may catch a cold. 3.If you want to make
a report in English, you must have a dictionary. 4. In the
mornings he swims in cold water, and in the evenings he
takes a hot shower. 5.Could you give me a hint why she made
such a fuss? 6.The children made a fire, told each other a lot
of interesting stories and had a good laugh. 7.1 shall go out for
a walk. I have a bad headache. 8.We are going to give a party
and to have a good time. 9.Take a seat and let's have a chat.
10.Wait a minute, I'd like to make an offer to you. 11.This
pupil always makes a mistake in the word "daughter". 12.If
you tell a lie again, your friend will make a fuss. 13.Sharon has
a date with Michael today. 14.This performance is a great suc-
cess. 15.- Shall we dance (have a dance)? - Oh, no. I have
248

such a strong toothache! 16.Tell me the truth if you are a real
friend. 17.My friend had a wonderful chance to make a tour.
18.The kids had a wonderful time at the New Year party.
19.I'm going to have a nap for an hour or two. 20.She made
a mistake while she was writing a (the) report.
14.1.a 2.- 3.a 4.- 5.an 6.- 7.- 8.a 9.- 10.- 11.- 12.a
13.- 14.- 15.a 16.- 17.- 18.- 19.an 20.- 21.a
15.1.There is a secret in every family. 2.There is a cat sit-
ting on the roof. What a cute animal! 3.What a pity that there is
only one birthday in a (the) year. 4.There are three computers
in our office. 5.There is a lot of food in the fridge: a cake, some
butter, cheese, vegetables and a bottle of juice. 6.There is a dis-
co in our club every Saturday and Sunday. 7.There are good
pupils in my group. 8.There is some coffee in the pot. Would
you like a cup? 9.There is a very beautiful picture on the wall.
There is a tiger and deer in it. 10.— Is there a TV-set in the
kitchen? -/No, there is a radio there. 11.There is a telephone
in the corridor. And there is a little chair near it. 12.0nce upon
a time there lived a clever king. And he had a silly wife.
13.There is a question I'd like to ask you. May I? H.There are
chances that my favourite team will win. 15.There is cold juice
in the bottle. But there aren't any glasses. 16.There is meat, fish
and vegetables on the menu. 17.There are always hamburgers
in this cafe. 18.There is soup and potatoes on the cooker.
19.There is a new film in the camera. 2O.There is no end to
perfection. 21.There are seven colours in the rainbow.
18.1.a 2.a 3.a 4.-, -, - 5.an, a 6.- 7.- 8.-, a 9.a lO.a
ll.a, - 12.- 13.-, - Ran, a 15.a, a 16.- 17.an 18.a 19.-
20.a 21.a, a 22.an 23.a, a
19.1.My friend is a guide. He is a good interpreter.
2.They are tourists from Asia. They are businessmen. 3.1t's
wonderful weather today! I like frosty weather. 4.1 am not
249

a boss, I am an ordinary clerk. 5.- Are they students or
schoolchildren? - They are already students. 6.He is a strange
man, isn't he? 7.My sister's daughter is a very cute child. 8.He
is a real gentleman and she is a real lady. 9.Greenpeace is an
international organization. 10.He is a well-known critic. By
the way, he is not a bad writer as well. 11.When I was a child,
there was always a pet in the house. 12.It was a big city. It was
a modern city. 13.Hugh is a sensible boy. And he is a very
polite child. 14.It's a very expensive car, as it is an up-to-date
model. 15.These are excellent ideas. He is really a great scien-
tist. 16.1 am a regular reader of this magazine. 17.Maria is
a feminist.
20.L- 2.a 3.a 4.a 5.a 6.- 7.a 8.a, a 9.a lO.a ll.a 12.a
13.- 14.a 15.a 16.a, the, 17.a 18.a 19.a 20.-, -
22.1.a 2.a 3.- 4.a 5.a 6.a 7.- 8.- 9.a lO.a ll.a, a 12.a, a
13.an 14.a 15.an 16.a, - 17.- 18.a 19.- 20.- 21.a 22.an 23.a,
a 24.a, a
23.1.a 2.a, a 3.- 4.a 5.a 6.a 7. - 8.a 9.a lO.a ll.a 12.a
13.an, a, a 14.a 15.a 16.-, - 17.a 18.a, a 19.a, - 2O.a 2Lan
22.a
24.1. Helen got a fax from London an hour ago.
2.Stephen has a friend in America and an uncle in Australia.
3.We bought new furniture yesterday. 4.1 wrote a letter and
went for a walk. 5.She has very pleasant manners. 6.Send
a telegram if there are (you have) problems. 7.Take an aspirin
if you have a headache. 8.They heard loud voices in the house.
9. She is wearing a fantastic red dress tonight. 1 O.John pro-
mised a new toy to his little son. 11. Is he a German? He has
a strong German accent. 12.You can't buy health and happi-
ness. 13.Tom built a house for his parents. H.Alice needs
anew car. 15.The travellers went a long way. 16.Martin lived
a long life. 17.He has a beautiful, but a silly secretary. 18.Dav-
250

id bought a Japanese computer. 19.Find a job (work) for me, I
need money badly. 20.We met strange people on the way
home.
25.1.1 can't go for a walk with you, I have a date. 2.She
has an angel's face and a pleasant voice. 3.Prague is a Europe-
an city. 4.The boy has a good memory. 5.Mice are clever ani-
mals. 6.Mary was not an attractive child, she had a thin angry
face and thin light hair. 7.It's a crazy idea, and you are crazy
people. 8.She has a sweet tooth and has bad teeth. 9.Helen
has a big and friendly family. 10.It's a very busy district with
a school, a bus-station and a new sports centre. 11.Mike has
a good sense of humour. 12.It's urgent news. 13.Don't waste
a moment. 14.These are golden rules, remember them!
15.1 found a note in the letter-box. 16."Collect yourself, you
are an Englishman!" he said to himself. 17.We are in a strange
situation. 18.A man has his own duties, a woman her own.
19.It's a good chance for Boris to get a new job. 20.Cordless
telephones are very popular now.
26.1.They were pioneers in the American Midwest.
2.Those guys are family friends. 3.You know, you are terrific
teachers. 4.Those were times of... 5.They're rules of thumb.
6.The men are brilliant athletes. 7.These clerks are commut-
ers, outsiders. 8.1 think they are becoming fanatics. 9.They
were brilliant pieces of work. lO.There are important rules to
follow in English spelling. 11.We had unforgettable impres-
sions of Venice. 12.All the people have personal desks at the
office. 13.They were rising stars in the music world. 14.1 have
problems on my mind. 15.They were born hustlers and fussers
and non-stop talkers. 16.There are always exceptions to the
rule. 17.What capital ideas these are! 18.Street vendors are
people who sell magazines, cigarettes, hamburgers, etc from
small stalls or carts. 19.These were family rules. 20.The men
are geniuses in mathematics.
251

27.1.а 2.а, а З.а 4.ап 5.ап б.а 7.- 8.ап,а 9.а Ю.а Н.а
12.ап 13.а Н.а 15.а, а, а 16. - 17.а, а 18.а, а
30.А.1- 2.а 3.- 4.а 5.- 6.- 7.а 8.- 9.- Ю.а П.- 12.-
13.а 14.- 15.ап 16.- 17.а 18.- 19.- 2О.ап
ВЛ.а, - 2.а 3.-, - 4.ап 5.- б.а 7.-, - 8.а 9.а 10.-
11.an 12.a 13.а, - 14.- 15.а, - 16.-
31.1.What a rainy day! What cold weather! 2.What
clever children! What a talented child! 3.What strong tea!
What a beautiful cup! 4.What a situation! What strange peo-
ple! 5.What tasty juice! What a big glass! 6.Granny, what
big eyes, ears and teeth you have! 7.What hard work! And
what a pretty secretary! 8.What nice women and what
a beautiful house they have! 9. What original advice! What
a brilliant idea! 1 O.Johnny, what big feet you have! 11.What
unexpected money! What a surprise! 12. What good
progress! What a hard-working student! 13.What comforta-
ble furniture! What a big room! 14.What deep knowledge!
What a good teacher! 15.What a deep river! But what warm
water!
32.1.This is a very good question. You always ask clever
questions. 2.A doctor must be kind, attentive and competent.
3.She is a nice woman and she has such nice children!
4. A policeman should be brave and strong. 5.Football is
a popular game; hockey is a popular sport too. 6.A year and
a half is enough to finish this work. 7.It's a very good place,
we can have a rest here. 8.She has a new office and a very in-
teresting job. 9.It's a very complicated problem, I need advice
to solve it. 10.— Isn't it time to have a snack? - All right, in
half an hour. 11.1 think that English is a very interesting lan-
guage. 12.Wait a minute and we shall go for a walk. 13.When I
was a teenager, I was a very shy boy. 14.What is a watermel-
on? Is it a fruit or a berry? 15.A library is an institution where
you can get books for a week or even for a month.
252

34.1.a few 2.few З.а few 4.few 5.few 6.a few 7.few 8.few
9.a few lO.a little 11.little 12.a little 13.1ittle 14.a little 15.a lit-
tle 16.a little 17.1ittle 18.a little 19.1ittle 20.1ittle 21.1ittle, little
22.a few 23.a few
35.1.Fortunately, I have a few friends who will help me.
2.Unfortunately, I have few friends. 3.You work little. Work
a little. 4.He is a man of few words. He can say all in a few
words. 5.There is little snow this year. But there is still a little
snow in the forest. 6.We need a few dollars and a little luck.
7.She is wearing little make-up and jewellery today. 8.1 need
a few minutes to make a little coffee. 9.Camels need little wa-
ter. It's enough for them to have a little water once a month.
10.There was little understanding between father and son.
11.This child needs a little love and support. 12.This boy has
speech defects and few people understand him. 13.Marina has
made a little progress. Now she makes few mistakes. 14. Few
people can be happy without love. 15.1 have a few problems
and too little time to solve them. 16.You help me little (you
don't help me much). Can you help me a little today? 17.We
have a little butter, but little cheese. 18.You think little. Think
a little before answering.
36.1.We haven't any bananas. 2.There isn't any news of
him. З.Не hasn't given any reason for this. 4.They didn't have
any plans for the future. 5.Betty isn't a fool. 6.It's not a prob-
lem at all. 7.There isn't any juice in the jug. 8.We don't need
any food today. 9.Being very poor, he didn't get any education.
lO.Ted didn't bring any flowers. 11.1 haven't got any time for
sport now. 12.Simon hasn't got any money, a job, or a family.
13.Not a single politician is completely honest. 14.There isn't
any bread left. 15.We didn't meet any policemen in the park.
16.There isn't any sense in making people unhappy.
17.1 haven't a brother or a sister. 18.He hasn't given us any
advice on the matter. 19.1 am not an expert on electronics.
20.lt doesn't make any sense.
253

38.albums, the cameras, bakeries, the centuries, lotte-
ries, the attractions, crosswords, the articles, tons, the men,
women, the kids, ages, the news, blocks, the sonnets, tales,
the days, insects, candies, the forests, lilies, the matches,
codes, watches, the promises, coworkers, the winters, wives,
potatoes, dresses.
39.1. Children have a special relationship with animals.
2.The children look like their father. 3.Hammocks are perfect
for relaxing in the garden in summer. 4.The women are ex-
perts on computer programs. 5.Pets can have positive effects
on both your mental and physical health. 6.The men are de-
finitely trying to do their best. 7.Powerful, efficient showers
are a real pleasure in summer. 8.The showers are out of order
again. 9.Provision markets are held on Tuesdays, Fridays and
Saturdays. 10.The provision markets are closed today.
11.Many people like good barbecues on sunny days. 12.The
barbecues were a success. 13.Strict vegetarians can make
meals out of greens and vegetables. 14.The vegetarians refused
to have the meat course. 15.The flowers are so sweet. 16.It's
good news. 17.Tailors usually measure you for new suits.
41.C 1 no 20 - the
42.a, a. the, a, the, a. the, the. the, the. the, the, a. a,
a(the). -, the.
the. a. the, an. —! a, the. the.
the, a, a. -? The, the, the. a, the. the, the, the, the, the.
the, the.
43.1.the, - 2.the, - 3.the, an 4.the, a 5.the 6.the 7.the,
a 8.the 9.the 10.the 11.the, - 12.the 13.the 14.the 15.the
16.the, a 17.the 18.the, a 19.the 2O.the 21.the 22.the
45.1.- 2.the 3.the 4.- 5.the 6.the 7.the 8.the 9.- lO.the
11.the 12.- 13.the H.the
254

46,1.The best way to help yourself is to help others.
2.To learn from others is a law of life. 3.If you can't listen to
other people, you'll never learn anything. 4.Today, we've
solved two problems, the others can wait till tomorrow.
5.Don't tell anything to the others when they come back.
6.1 have two friends. One is very romantic, the other is very
pragmatic. 7.One glove is here and where is the other? 8.They
met the other day. 9.What other modern artists can you
name? 10.Two students of our group have already passed the
exam, the others haven't yet. 11. Some people like bright col-
ours, others prefer quiet ones. 12.There are two bathrooms in
the house. One is downstairs, the other upstairs. 13.How ab-
sent-minded you are! It comes into one ear and goes out of
the other with you. 14.One boot fits well, and the other
pinches. 15.1 don't care what others (other people) say.
16.The grass is always greener on the other side of the street.
17.The twins are so much alike that it's difficult to tell one
from the other.
47.1.Did you enjoy the performance? 2.Could you close
the window, please? 3.1 looked at the painting and decided to
buy it. 4.- Where is the instruction to the washing-machine?
~ It's in the washing-machine. 5.Would you like to have
a look at the project? 6.The dog is waiting for you at the door.
Let it in. 7.- How do you like the dress? - It's fantastic. 8.He
always informs us of the latest news. 9.— How much did you
pay for the shampoo? - A pound. 10.Please, pick up the pa-
pers from the floor and put them near the telephone.
11.-What's the weather like today? - The weather is wonder-
ful, the day is fine. 12. — Where are the kids? - They've gone
for a walk. 13.Put the kettle on the cooker and boil the water.
14.1'm afraid we can't change the situation. 15.What's the
matter? Why are you so upset? 16.1 am finishing the letter and
then I shall go to the office. 17.Look at the flowers, aren't
they beautiful? 18.The lift is out of order, we shall have to call
the mechanic. 19.It took them a year to rebuild the house.
255

49.С 1 по 8: a, the 9.a, a, the lO.an, the 11.a, the 12.an,
a, the 13.an, the; с 14 по 16: a, the 17.-, the 18.-, the
19.the, the 2O.the, the
5O.a, the, a. a, a. a, a.
a. a, the. the, a. the, -, the, -. the. the!
the? the. the. -, -, -.
—? the, the. —, a, the, a. —, a, —.
-? the. -. a. the? the.
a, a. a, a, a, a, a. a. the. the. a, a. the, —.
51.A.a, —, —, —. —, —, —. the. the. the, the, the. —, the,
the, the. -, the.
B.C 1 no 16: -, the 14.a, the
52.1.These are good books. How much did you pay for
the books? 2.Guests are arriving. The guests are already in the
house. 3.There is a sports centre in the city. The centre is
open all round the clock. 4.I'd like to buy an English newspa-
per. The paper is very interesting. 5.This is a wooden table.
The table is made of wood. 6.It's bitter chocolate. The choco-
late is dark. 7.1 have a new hat. The hat is fashionable. 8.We
need a new TV-set. The new TV-set must be small. 9.I've
found a new teacher for you. The teacher is very competent.
10.These are Italian macaroni. The macaroni are too long.
11.It's strange news. Who can explain the news? 12.I've
bought a new bag for you. The bag is big and light. 13.Our
neighbour has a monkey. The monkey is very funny. 14.John
and Kate caught a butterfly. The children looked at the but-
terfly and let it go.
55.A. l.We must drink water to be healthy. 2.Drink the
water from this glass. 3.Small children drink milk every day.
4.Don't drink the milk, it's sour. 5.Eat meat two or three
times a week. There is protein in it. 6.Eat the meat which is
on the plate. 7.Rice is the main food of the Chinese, the Japa-
256

nese and the Vietnamese. 8.Cook the rice, which I left on the
table. 9.1 like to have juice in hot weather. lO.The juice is too
sweet, I don't like it. 11.We can't cook without salt. 12.Salt is
necessary for health. 13.Pass me the sugar, please. 14.1 sel-
dom eat porridge in the mornings, though I know that por-
ridge is useful. 15.The porridge is burnt again. 16.1 don't like
coffee, I prefer tea or juice. 17.The coffee is too hot and
strong.
57.C 1 no 24: the
58.a, a. the. the, a, the. the, a, the, the, a, -, a. the, -.
the, —. the, —. a; a. —;—, the. —; —. a; a, —. the, the.
a. -, the. -, the. the. the, the, the, a.
61.1.Open page twenty-one, find exercise six and read
the fourth sentence. 2.Room thirteen is on the fifth floor.
3.-What's on on the seventh channel? -I have no idea. I am
watching "The Fifth Element" on the fourth program. 4.Tom
Brown is the winner of "Formula-2". 5.— Where does flight
47 start from? —The second terminal to the right. 6.Your seat
is in the third saloon, A13. 7.The fifth drive is free, we can
take it. 8.Case 138 is being listened to in the eighth hall. 9.The
patient is in ward 6. 10.—There are fourteen students in the
group. -Yes, but only thirteen are present. Where's the four-
teenth? — He is ill. 11.1 am always standing the first, as I am
the tallest one in the team. 12.Now this book is bestseller
number one in England. 13.1 am on cloud nine with happi-
ness. H.Kate keeps a shop on Fifty Seventh Street. 15.1 al-
ways do my shopping in "The Seventh Continent".
16. - Have you seen the film "Brother-2"? - No, but I saw
"Rambo-2". 17.This theatre is staging now the play by
W.Shakespeare "The Twelfth Night". 18.There is a film on
the program today "The Fifth Corner". 19.The latest news is
that Agent 007 has arrived. 20.Add the fifth carnation to
make an uneven number. 21. It's written on the monument to
257

Peter the First in St. Petersburg: "Catherine the First to Peter
the First". 22.In the third issue of the magazine "Caravan"
you can read the latest information about some famous peo-
ple. 23.I've just listened to the (latest) news and the very last
(item of) news was about the coming colds. 24.The last article
in this magazine is devoted to the latest computer technolo-
gies. 25.Now I'm reading a very interesting novel by Mathews
"Let's meet on Platform Eight".
62.1.Custom is a second nature. 2.Our students start
learning a second foreign language in the second year.
3.Mind, he won't have a third chance. 4.My friends and col-
leagues have become a second family to me. 5.I'm afraid you'll
have to take the exam a second time. 6.He married a fourth
time and very successfully. 7.The ninth page is missing. 8.The
scientist carried out the first experiment, then a second,
a third, a fourth, but got the same results. 9.There is a first
love in everyone's life. 1 O.They met at a first night. 11.Three
years later he had a second son. 12.David got a second educa-
tion at the age of fifty. 13.She is a second mother to me.
14.A third group of rescuers was sent to the area of the earth-
quake. 15.He bought a first-class ticket.
64.1.The highest peaks in the world are in Asia. 2.And
now we are going to discuss the information which we got
yesterday. 3.A11 the buildings in this city are built in the same
style. 4.1 like the presents which I got on Christmas. 5.This is
the best compliment I have ever got. 6.And this is the throne
of the Queen of Great Britain. 7.The post office is on the op-
posite side of the street. 8.You are the very man we need.
9.Excuse me, you are going in the wrong direction. 10.She is
the only girl he would like to marry. 11. Flight 102 from Bonn
is arriving on time. 12.All (the) people hope for the better.
13.The greatest problem is my health. 14.Ben told us the fol-
lowing story. 15.1 can't believe the news that you have just
told me. 16.Let's talk about it at the next class. 17.The stu-
258

dents, whom she teaches, make good progress. 18.Tell me
about the country you've just visited. 19.You have a mistake in
the third paragraph, in sentence number eight. 2O.The Eng-
lish which we speak today is not the English of the beginning
of the century. 2Lit was the last drop. 22.My mother is always
trying to find a key to each of us. 23.He turned out to be the
right man at the right moment.
66.1.the 2.the 3.a 4-7.the 8.a (the), the, the 9.the
lO.the ll.the 12.a 13-14.the 15 - 16.the 17.the 18.a, the
19.a, the, the, the 20-22.the 23.a
68.1.the, the, the. a, a, a, the. —, the. the, the. the, the.
the, an, the, the.
ll.the. a, a. the, —. the, the. a, an, a, a. the, the, —.
69.1.McDonald's 2.the greengrocer's 3.the optician's
4.the ironmonger's 5.the hairdresser's (the barber's) 6 the
(dry) cleaner's 7.the tobacconist's 8.the jeweller's 9.the sta-
tioner's lO.the confectioner's ll.the supermarket 12.the den-
tist's 13.the chemist's (the drugstore) 14.the butcher's 15.the
florist's 16.the travelling agent's 17.the watchmaker's 18.Har-
rods 19.the vet's 2O.the doctor's
70.1.the 2.the, the. the, the 3.the, a, the 4.the, the 5. -
, the 6.the, the, the, the 7.the 8.a, a 9.a, a lO.the, the, the
ll.the, —, the. —, the. a, a, a. 12.a
71.the! the? the, the, a, -; -. the.
the, a. the, the: -, -, -. the, the, an. the, the, a. a.
the, the, the, the, a. the, an. a. a, the. a, the. the.
the, the. a. an. a, the, the. a. the. a. the, the, the. an.
75.1-20, 2-6, 3-9, 4-11, 5-1, 6-12, 7-10, 8-14,
9-15, 10-7, 11-5, 12-4, 13-3, 14-2, 15-16, 16-19,
17-18, 18-8, 19-17, 20-13.
259

76 А1.We have no (not any) bread. Could you buy a loaf
of rye bread? 2.— Mum would like (some) coffee. - I just have
ajar of coffee. 3.Mike has no cigarettes. I'll have to go and buy
a block. 4.— I am very thirsty. — What about a glass of mineral
water? 5.There is nothing in the fridge except a tin of sardines.
6.1t's autumn. A flock of birds is flying to the south. 7John is a
cowboy. He has a herd of cows. 8.If you are in a difficult situa-
tion, I can give you a piece of advice. 9.You can choose any ar-
ticle of furniture in this shop. 10.She bought a tube of hair gel.
11.We saw a flash of lightning. 12.When she is sad, she can eat
a whole bar of chocolate at a time. 13.You will need a head of
cabbage to cook cabbage soup (borsch). 14.Put a cube of ice in
my cocktail. 15.A gang of robbers was arrested near the bank.
16.She gave a cry of horror when she saw a ghost. 17.Let's go
out to have a breath of fresh air. 18.There is a grain of truth in
his words. 19.Money likes to be counted. It's hard to earn it.
79.B.1.—, a 2.—, a 3.—, an 4.—, a 5.a, - 6.—, an 7.-, a
8.a, - 9.~, a 10.-, a ll.a, - 12.-, a
81.1.- What's the latest news? - It's very interesting.
2.News is news and we can't live (do) without it. 3.A11 this
news is very important for us. 4.What is news and how is it col-
lected? 5.There is an item of news, which I'd like to discuss.
6.Be careful, such fatal news can kill the old man. 7.The report-
er is looking through the news, which he managed to get. 8.Bad
news travels (spreads) fast. 9.Have you heard the news? It's
fantastic news! lO.Most news comes through the press. 11.The
scout brought important information. 12.1s the information re-
liable? Can we trust it? 13.We need full information about this
organization. 14.People need exact information to know what
to do. 15.The information was got by fax. 16.1t's breaking news.
82.1-u, 2-r, 3-n, 4-h, 5-j, 6~s, 7-m, 8-k, 9-p,
10-q, 11—g, 12—f, 13-e, 14-d, 15-c, 16-b, 17—t, 18-a,
19-o, 20—i, 21-1.
260

83.1.Good advice (a piece of good advice) is what you need.
2.1t's the advice of a friend and I shall follow it. 3.Do you want
advice? All right, I'll give you a piece of it. 4.1t's priceless advice. It
comes from the heart. 5.People like to talk about the weather as
it's a safe topic. 6.- What's the weather like today? — The weather
is cold. It looks like snow. 7.During the trip we had dry warm
weather. 8.The work at the bank was difficult for him. 9.— What
kind of job (work) would you like? - I need an easy job (easy
work). 10.1s it interesting work? Do you like it? 11.He has pro-
found knowledge in physics. 12.My students make good progress
in the language. B.There is money in the box. Take it. The money
is yours. 14.Money is everything to him. It gives him freedom.
15.He counted the money carefully and put it in the wallet.
84.1.1 need some information. 2.We had lovely weather.
3.The furniture is very old. 4.I'm looking for a new pair of
jeans. 5.Your hair is getting very long. 6.Do you have scissors?
7.We had a lot of homework yesterday. 8.Do you think she's
making progress in her English? 9.These trousers are too
small. 10.She gave me some good advice. 11.Traffic has been
bad... 12.We the boy's knowledge. 13.This is very difficult
work. 14.Did he give you good advice? 15.It's secret informa-
tion. 16.The police are here. They're questioning the people.
17.Where were your clothes made?
85.1.2 2.1 3.2 4.1,2 5.1 6.1 7.1 8.2 9.1 10.1
11.2 12.1,2 13.1,2 14.1 15.1
86.B. l.~ I spend a lot of money on fruit because I like it
very much. And do you like it? — Of course, I do. 2.— What shall
we take for dessert? — I think, fruit. — Do we have it? — Yes, we
have a little. 3.Fruit is cheap this year, especially apples, bananas
and plums. 4.Earlier people brought fruit from the Crimea and
the Caucasus. Now it is brought mainly from Latin America,
Africa, Italy, Greece. 5.Put the fruit in the basket, please. 6.They
say that you should eat the fruits which grow where you live.
261

7.What's the French for "The Fruits of Study"? 8.A fruit salad
consists of different fruits. 9.Different fruits ripen in August.
lO.Now you can see a lot of exotic fruits at our markets. 11.There
is little fruit this year. But it's no problem. It will be brought from
abroad. 12.The play "The Fruits of Enlightenment" was written
by A. Tolstoy. 13.His knowledge is the fruit of a long study.
14.The apricot is a very useful fruit, especially for the heart.
15.Now I can fully enjoy the fruits of my labour. 16.— What fruits
do you sell? ~ Any you like. 17.Fruits, which do not fear the
frost, are cultivated in the North. 18.Fruit and vegetables is the
main food of vegetarians. 19.We have run out of fruit. I have to
go to the market. 2O.Different fruits are used in cosmetics.
88.1.1 usually prefer fish to meat. 2.Fish is necessary for
our health. 3.Sushi is a popular Japanese dish consisting of
raw fish and rice. 4.Fish contains little fat. 5.Amanda swims
like a fish. б.Непгу has a big collection of minerals, fishes and
birds. 7.My favourite food is fish and chips. 8.There are many
ways of cooking fish. 9.She gave a fish to the dog, but it
wouldn't eat it. 10.There are many fish in this river. But we
haven't caught a single one today. 11.There is a lot of meat on
the table, but little fish. 12.The fishermen were happy, they
had caught many fish. 13.— How many fish shall I buy? -
Two or three fish. 14.The boy was given a bright album on
exotic fishes. 15.He catches fish for pleasure. 16.A (the) shark
is a fish, dangerous for other fishes. 17.He is breathing like
a fish out of water. 18.A (the) fish is a creature living in the
water. 19.The fish is delicious! It is melting in the mouth!
2O.There are no (not any) fish in this pond.
89.L-, a, -. the, a, -, the, the. the. a. the, a.
H.a, a, the. the, the, a, the. the, a, the, the.
IILthe, the. a, a, a. a, an, the, a.
IV^a. a, —. a, the, —. a, an, a.
V.a, a. a. the.
VLa, a, a. a.
262

90.1.so stupid a boy 2.too good an offer 3.how likely
a possibility 4.as serious a threat 5.such a brilliant essay
6.(a) rather an unusual woman 7.(a) quite a pleasant party
8.how good a thing it was 9.too great a disappointment
10.so young a girl 11.both (the) windows, all the doors
12.so small a thing 13.as good a time 14.as big a fool 15.how
great an offer 16.a double chin 17.double the size of 18.a dou-
ble ticket 19.a double-decker 2O.half a mile 21.half a minute
22.a half-truth 23.half the dinner 24.the double bed 25.what
kind of house 26.many strong men
91.a, the, a, an. -. the, -, a, the, a, -. the, a, an, a. a,
the, -! the, the, the, -. a, the. the, the. -.
—, the, the; the, a. the. the, the, the. the, the, the. a.
the, the. the. -? the, a.
93. La 2.the, the, the 3.a, a, a, a 4.the, an 5.the 6.a, a, —
7.the 8.the 9.the, a 10.-, the, a ll.a, a 12.-, - 13.the, a
14.the, a 15.the
94.1.a 2.the, - З.ап 4.а, a 5.the, a 6.a 7.a 8.the 9.a, -, -
lO.a, a ll.a, a 12.- 13.the, the H.the, a 15.the, a, a 16.a 17.a
18.a, a 19.a 2O.a, -
95.a, —. the, the, the. —, a, a.
the, the, the. -. the, —, the, the,,the, the, the, the. the,
the. a. the. the, a, the, the, a. —(the), the. —, the, the, the. a.
the. the. the, the, the. the. the. the. an. a!
the!
the. a, —, -, —, a. a, a, a!
96.1.the, the 2.an, a, - , - 3.a, the, the, the 4.the, the,
- 5.-, the, the 6.the, the 7.a, -, - 8.a, the, a, a 9.the, the, a
lO.the ll.the 12.the, a. a 13.the H.the, the 15.the, the 16.a, a
17.a 18.a, the 19.a 2O.the, a, a
263

97.а. а?
a. the. a.
the. the, the, a. the, —. —. а. —.
the. a. a?
—. —. a. the.
а? а. а, а. —, —, —. —, the. a.
98.the, the. the. the. a. -, -. -, -. a. the, the.
the, —, —, —, —. a. the. a, a. the, the. the, the. the.
the, a, a. a. an, —. the.
the, the, the. a, the. the, —. the. a.
a. a, a, a. a. —, —. a, a, the, a. the. the.
99.A.a, (an) the. a. the. —, —, —, —. a, the, the.
the, a, an, the. the, -. the, the. the, a, the, the. the, a,
the, the, a.
B.the, a, a. the. a, a, an. a. a, the, the, the. the.
100. A.the, the, the. a, a; a. a, a; a, a, the.
B.a, the, the. a. the. the, the, the. the, the. an, a, the, a,
the, a.
C.the, a, a, -, -, -, -, -, -, -. the. -, the, the, a, the.
a. a, the.
lOl.A.an. a, a. a. the, a. a. the, the.
B.the, the, a. the, the, the, the. the, the. the. the, the,
a, an.
C.a. the, the. a, -, the, the, a, a, the. the, a! a, the, the.
a, the.
106.l.the 2.the 3.-, the, the 4.-, - 5.the 6.- 7.-, -, -
8.the, - 9.the 10.-, - 1 l.the, - 12.- 13.the, the, the 14.-, -
15.the 16.the, the, - 17.-, - 18. -(-),- 19.-, the 2O.the, -
109.1.the 2.(the) -, - 3.the 4.the, the 5.the 6.- 7.the,
- 8.the, the 9.- lO.the, -. 11.-, -, the, the, -, the, the
264

12.the, - 13.-, -, - 14.-, -, - 15.the, - 16.- 17.-, the, -
18.the, -, -, - 19.the 20.- 21.-, the
.1.- 2.the 3.- 4.- 5.- 6.the 7.the 8.the 9.the
lO.the ll.the 12.- 13.- 14.the 15.- 16.the 17.- 18.the
19.the 2O.the 21.the 22.the 23.the 24.- 25.- 26.the 27.-
28.the 29.the 3O.the
B.I.the 2.(the) - 3.the 4.- 5.the 6.the 7.the 8.the 9.the
10.- 11.- 12.the 13.- H.the 15.- 16.the 17.the 18.- 19.the
20.- 21.the 22.the 23.- 24.the 25.the 26.the 27.the 28.-
29.the 30.-
113.A.- (the), the, -, the, -. the, -. the. the. the, -.
the, -.
B. -, the, the, -. the, -, -, the, the.
C. во всех случаях: -.
D. the, -, -.
E. -, the, -, -. the, -, the. -, the, -. the, -, -.
F. the, the, —, —,—, — ; the, the, —, —, —, (the) —.
114Л.China is an ancient country in the Middle
East. 2.Bermuda is in the Atlantic Ocean. 3.There are a
lot of rare animals in the Rocky Mountains (the Rockies).
4.Napoleon was born on Corsica, the island in the Medi-
terranean Sea. 5.All the highest peaks in the world are in
the Himalayas, in Asia. 6. It never snows in California.
7.The Panama Canal connects two oceans: The Pacific
and the Atlantic. 8.America consists of three parts: North
America, Central America and South America. 9. Kazbek
is the second peak of the Caucasus. The first one is El-
brus. 10.The Amu Darya flows through the Kara-Kum
desert into the Sea of Aral. 11. Malta, Cyprus, Capri are
famous islands. 12.The Marmar Sea is in Turkey. 13."The
Crimea", "the Caucasus" and "the Far East" are used
with the definite article in English. Yes, as well as "the
Riviera", "the Ruhr" and "the Transvaal". H.If you go to
265

Egypt, you will see the Nile and the famous pyramids.
15.There are several seas in the world the names of which
mean colours: the Yellow Sea, the Red Sea, the White Sea
and the Black Sea. 16.All the American spaceships are
launched from the space base situated on Canaveral Cape.
17.The Red Sea is between North Africa and the Arabian
Peninsula.
116.1.The Museum of Fine Arts is on (in) Volkhon-
ka. 2.Coventry Cathedral was destroyed during the war.
3.There are two big fountains on Pushkin Square. 4.Who
got the Nobel Prize in 1958? 5.He lives in Flower Street
and works in the City-bank. 6.The Bolshoi and the Maly
theatres are the oldest in Moscow. 7.Robin Hood and his
friends lived in the Sherwood Wood. 8.There are some
small states in Europe: Monaco, Liechtenstein, (the) Vati-
can. 9.In every country there is an office of the UNO.
10. Lake Como is situated high in the mountains in Italy.
11.The Hague is a typical Dutch city. 12.It's impossible to
see the Hermitage during one day. 13.The plane landed in
Miami airport. 14. The Tate Gallery was founded by Sir
Henry Tate. 15.The Central Bank of the Russian Federa-
tion carried out the money reform. 16.A new American
western with Chuck Norris is on at the Forum. 17.The
Angel Hotel stands on the river Wey in Guildford.
18.Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, is called "The Venice
of the North". 19.Scandinavia includes Norway, Sweden,
Finland, Denmark and Iceland. 20.The Aegean Sea sepa-
rates Greece from Turkey.
118.1.There is no life in the Dead Sea as it is too
salty. 2.Lake Baikal is famous for its beauty. 3.The Riviera
in Italy is a famous health resort. 4.The Silver Wood is on
the bank of the Moskva-river. 5.Two presidents work at a
time in the Republic of San-Marino. 6.The Sards live on
island Sardinia. 7.They spent their honeymoon in the
266

Netherlands, mostly in the Hague. 8.Among the sights of
Moscow we can name: (the) Red Square, the Kremlin,
Tverskaya Street, Manezh Square, the Bolshoi Theatre, the
Vorobyev Hills and many others. 9.The National and the
Metropol are the most famous and expensive hotels in
Moscow. 1 O.You can have a quick snack at McDonald's.
11.The Bering Strait separates America from Asia. 12.Ca-
petown, the Capital of the South African Republic, is on
the Cape of Good Hope. 13.The biggest city in Africa is
Cairo, the capital of Egypt. H.Mexican Bay is the largest in
the World Ocean. 15.The Red Sea is situated between
North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. 16.Newcastle
stands on the river Tyne. 17.The Roman Wall is one of the
sights of Northern England. 18.He is a journalist and works
in "Izvestiya". 19."7 Days" is a very popular magazine in
Russia. 20.The Pechora flows to the North into the Barents
Sea. 21. Every Saturday they go to the bar "The Three
Oaks" in (the) North Street. 22.The official capital of the
Kingdom of the Netherlands is Amsterdam. The Hague is
the residence of the Dutch Government and of the King's
Court. 23.(The) Vatican is the residence of the Roman
Catholic Church. 24. Do you know that Trafalgar Square
was named after the famous battle?
119.A. l.The Minin and Pozarski Monument, the
Pushkin Monument, the Peter the First Monument. 2.The
Po, 405 miles long, is the longest river in Italy. 3.Mount Eve-
rest, in the Himalayas, is the highest spot on the Earth, at
29,028 feet. 4.The Nevsky Prospect. 5.The Seine. 6.Iran
which was known as Persia until 1934.7.The Tiber, Rome,
(the) Vatican. 8.Stratford-on-Avon stands on the Avon River.
The Swan. 9.The famous London Zoo in England is the
world's oldest public Zoo which dates back to 1828.10.(The)
Vatican. 1 l.The Pacific Ocean. 12.The Mediterranean. It co-
vers 1,145,000 square miles. The Baltic Sea - 160,000 square
miles. 13.The Danube, because it was known to the ancient
267

Greeks. It flows through Germany, Austria, Hungary, Roma-
nia, and Bulgaria to the Black Sea. 14.Switzerland. 15.The
Nile. The Amazon. 16.A channel is a natural narrow area of
water between two high sides. A canal is a long, narrow
stretch of water made by man for boats (the canals of Venice,
the Suez Canal). 17.Monaco. 18.The Bermuda Triangle.
19.Venice in Italy. 20.The Bible, the Koran, the Domesday
Book. 21. Give your own answer.
122.1. Latin is the basis (the mother) of many languages.
2.He is an interpreter from Dutch into English. 3.People
speak German, French and Italian in Switzerland. 4.The
Russian language of the last century differs from the Russian
language of the twentieth century. 5.He speaks Russian with
a strong Italian accent. 6. What's the French for "Такова
жизнь"? 7.She teaches Russian Literature, to be more exact,
the Russian Literature of the twentieth century. 8.The English
language is considered to be the official language in many
countries of the world. 9.Mrs. Westwood delivers lectures on
English History. 10.The History of the English language is
a difficult but an interesting subject.
123.1. More than 2,700. 2.a) Spanish; b) English;
c) English, French; d)Portuguese; e) Arabic f) German,
French; g) Spanish; h) German, French, Italian; i) English;
j) German 3.English is the first language in: Australia, the
Bahamas, Canada, Eire, Guyana, many Caribbean islands,
such as Jamaica, Barbados and Trinidad, New Zealand, the
United Kingdom; the United States. 4.English is the official
second language in: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Botswana, Brunei,
Burundi, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Hong Kong,
India, Israel, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Malaysia, Nepal, Ni-
geria, Pakistan, the Philippines, Rwanda, Sarawak, Sierra
Leone, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda,
Zambia, Zimbabwe. 5.The 10 most spoken languages in the
world are:
268

Language
Chinese
English
Spanish
Russian
Hindustani
Arabic
Portuguese
Bengali
German
Japanese
Number of first
language speakers
800 million
400 million
290 million
275 million
250 million
160 million
160 million
155 million
130 million
120 million
125. L- 2.the 3.a 4.a 5.-, the 6.-, - 7.the 8.the, the
9.a lO.a 11.the (a) 12.a 13.a 14.a, a, a 15.- 16.a, a 17.a 18.the
19.a 2O.a 21.a, a 22.a
126.1.- Could you lend me your Webster? - Will
a Hornby do? - Of course it will. 2.1 am a profane in painting.
I can't tell a Cezanne from a Picasso. 3.1s this Lilian? How
she has changed! This is not the Lilian I used to know when
she was a girl. 4.- Can I order Newcastle? - Yes, but we have
two Newcastles. Do you need the Newcastle, which is in
America or the one, which is in England? — The Newcastle
which is in England. 5.— I bought a new TV-set yesterday. —
Is it a Sony? — No, it's a Panasonic. 6.We got a fax from
a certain Romanoff. 7.Your son can become a (another) Dav-
id Copperfield with all those tricks of his. 8.— I see you have
bought a Honda. — No, it's my wife's car. 9.A new McDon-
ald's is opening in Moscow tomorrow. 10.— I met with Paul
McCartney when I was in America. — The Paul McCartney?
— Yes. 11.I've never thought that the Morozovs have such
a wonderful library. 12.Stop behaving like this! You are not a
Scarlett, and I am not a Rhett. 13.You are a real James Bond!
14.He says that he has a Kalashnikov at home. 15.The girl
269

wants Father Frost to give her a Barbie on New Year. 16.Lord
Sandwich invented a sandwich. 17.The frightened Marina an-
swered the telephone call. 18.Now in our library we have
a complete "Britannica" and it makes us all very happy.
19.— Is Nurse in? — She has gone shopping with Mum.
20.— What a beautiful shop! — Yes, it's a Valentino.
129.1- 2.the 3.a, the 4.the, the 5.the, a, the 6- S.the
9.the, a, - 10- ll.the 12.a 13- H.the 15.a 16.the, the, a, an
17.a, a 18.the 19- 2O.a
131.the. the, -. the. the. the, the, -, -, -, -, -, -, -,
—. the. the. the. the, the. —, a, the. —. -, -, the. -. —.
-. -. -. -. -, the. the, - (the), the. -, the, the.
132.an; a, a, —. a, a. a. a, —.
a, a. a, -.
a, the. the. the, a, the. a, the. the, a, —, —.
a, a, the.
a, the, the. an, an, —. a, —.
the, a. the, the, the, the! the!
the. the. a, the.
134.1.The whale is a mammal, but it lives in the sea.
2.The ostrich is the biggest bird on (the) Earth. 3.The elephant
lives in India and in Central Africa. 4.The giraffe is the tallest
animal. 5.My favourite flower is the rose. 6.In many countries
there are monuments to animals: in this country it's a monu-
ment to the dog, in India it's a monument to the elephant, in
the United States — a monument to the monkey. 7.When and
by whom was the telephone invented? 8.The bicycle is a won-
derful means of transport. 9.The guitar appeared in Spain in the
13th century. lO.Nobody knows when man invented the wheel.
11.The subject and the predicate are the main members of the
sentence. 12.The detective novel is one of literary genres. 13.A
detective novel helps to pass away the time while travelling.
270

14.The article is a functional word expressing the idea of defi-
niteness and indefiniteness. 15.The cow is a sacred animal in
India. 16.The tulip is one of the very first spring flowers. 17.The
dollar is a monetary unit of the United States of America.
18.The ant has six legs. 19.The bagpipe is the national musical
instrument of the Scotts. 2O.The tulip was brought to the Neth-
erlands from Turkey in the fifteenth century. The word "tulip"
originates from the Turkish word "turban".
136, С 1 no 5:- 6.an 7.-, - 8.an 9.a lO.the 11.the
12.the 13.- 14.the 15.a 16.the 17.-, the 18.the 19.- 2O.the
21.- 22.- 23.the 24.the, the
138.1.Please, hurry up, or you'll be late for school.
2.The town is getting bigger, and people need a new church.
3.This car brings food to the prison once a day. 4.It was the
hospital where I was born. 5.He came up to the bed and
looked at the sleeping child. 6. Pay a fine or you'll go to prison!
7.My Granny goes to church every Sunday. She meets her
neighbours in the church. 8.1 know that today she is meeting
with her lawyer in town. 9.Let's meet after classes near the
school. lO.There is a hospital with modern equipment in our
city. 11.They were at college together. 12.Phone the hospital
and find out the results of the analyses. 13.What an old-
fashioned bed it is! Is it from a museum? 14.1 shall give you a
lift to the hospital, and then I shall go to college. 15.Every
month I go to the school to a parents' meeting. 16.Doctor,
how long shall I have to stay in hospital? 17.When school is
over, I go home. 18.Karlovy Vary is a charming town.
19.You'd better hang the picture over the bed. 20.He was sent
to prison for robbery. 21.What are you going to do after you
leave school? 22. "These books are not to be taken outside the
school, children," said the teacher. 23.How many times have
I told you not to put your boots under the bed? 24.- What a
wonderful church! - Yes, the church was built in the 15th
century, but it is no longer used as a church.
271

140Л.а 2.the 3.the 4.the 5.a 6.a 7.- 8.- 9.the 10.-
11.- 12.a 13.a 14.- 15.a 16.the 17.the 18.a 19.the 2O.a 21.an
143.1.I'll show you the house and the garden after lunch.
2.Isn't it time for us to have dinner? I am dying of hunger.
3.Mother is cooking a special supper for my birthday. 4.Let's
have dinner in a Chinese restaurant. 5.1 always use a cookery
book while cooking dinner. 6.Sit to table, or the dinner is getting
cold. 7.The supper in the Indian restaurant was very spicy.
8.How much does a set-dinner cost in this restaurant? 9.Don't
foiget to wash your hands before dinner! lO.It's lunchtime. What
do you usually take for lunch? 11.The French, as a rule, eat sea-
food for dinner or for supper. 12.We usually cook a very tasty
supper for Christmas. 13.For dessert I usually take ice-cream,
which I like very much. 14.The supper consisted of fish and
chips. 15.— Dinner is ready. — And what shall we have for din-
ner? — Something special! 16.Don't eat sweets before dinner.
146.an.
the, —? a. the, a, a, a.
-, a, -, -. -, a, the.
-. a, -, the, -. -, -, -, -, -, -, -. -, the, the, -, -, -.
a. -, -, the, the, the, the, -.
149. С 1 no 5:- 6.the 7.the 8.- 9.a 10.- 11.a 12.-
13.an 14.-, - 15.- 16.a 17.- 18.a 19.- 20.-, - 21.- 22.the
23.an
151.1.a, the 2.a 3.a, the, the 4. - 5.the 6.a 7.the, a 8.a, a
9.the, the, - lO.a 11.a, an 12.a, - 13.a, the, - Ran 15.a, the
16. -, - 17.a(the), a, the, the 18.the, a 19.a 2O.a 21. - 22.a,
the, the
152.A.l.What do you like better summer or winter? 2.1t's
winter now. It's a very cold winter. 3.They say, we'll have an
272

early spring. 4.1 was born in the autumn of 1980.5.It's night.
Dawn is coming. (It'll be dawn soon.) 6.He stopped to watch the
autumnal sunset. 7.1t's four o'clock in the morning and I can't
fall asleep. 8.It was a warm night in July. 9."Don't worry! I'll be
(at) home by evening," I promised. 10.Yesterday we had a ro-
mantic evening. 11. In twilight I liked to listen to my Granny's
tales. 12.lt was a gloomy day, a typical autumn day. 13.When it is
winter in Russia, it is summer in Brazil. 14.The night before de-
parture was frosty. 15.lt always gets colder after sunset. 16.1 listen
to the news early in the morning. 17.He left in early morning and
never came back. 18.The night before Christmas (Christmas
Eve) is the most wonderful time! 19.The clock shows midnight.
It's time to go to bed. 2O.The autumn day was dry and bright.
154.1 .the, the, a. the, a, a, the 2.a, the 3.a, the, -, the.
the(—), a 4.the, the, a, — 5.a, the, —, a, the(a). the, a 6.a,
a, the 7.the. a, a, a, the, the 8.the. the, a 9.a, a, - lO.a, a ll.a
12.an. a, the, - 13.a, an. the, the, a. the, the, the, a. an, the
155,Lit was morning. It was early morning. It was
a warm summer morning. He was born in early morning. It's
difficult for me to get up early in the morning. The morning
was cool, but sunny. What a good morning! We shall get to the
station by morning. 2.Daytime came. (Day broke.) It was
a foggy day, the day of our departure. The day was rainy. What
do you usually do in the daytime? The incident happened on
a gloomy September day. 3.1t was noon. Noon is 12 o'clock.
Housewives try to do all the shopping before noon. The visitor
appeared only at noon. 4. It was afternoon. We like to have tea
in the afternoon. Small children usually sleep in the afternoon.
We devoted the afternoon to reading. 5.It was evening. It was
a frosty Christmas evening. The evening was warm. It was late
evening. I always feel sleepy in the evenings. Will you go for
a walk in the evening? We shall finish everything by evening.
6.Night fell. It was night. It was a quiet starry night. I like to
look at the stars at night. The night was quiet. The storm lasted
273

all night long. We went there on a Saturday evening. I am on
night duty today. He is guarded day and night. I haven't had an
early night for a whole month. 7.Dawn is the time when the
sun rises. We drank, laughed and chatted till dawn (sunrise). It
means the dawn of a new era. 8.Spring is the season between
winter and summer. It gets warmer in spring. He left in the
spring of 1996. Paris is wonderful in spring. Autumn is a time
for weddings. It was early spring. It was late autumn.
156.
Across. 1. Scott 4.digit 7.oil 9.antony 11.ants 12.eve
13.heroism 15.poultry 18.bat 19.arts 20.growth 23.Sun
24.early 25.teens
Down. 1.Shakespeare 2.too 3.tin 5.genii 6.test matches
8.Lyre lO.tie 13.hut H.ray 16.utter 17.rags 18.bow 21.rut
22.one
158.A.a, the, -, -. a! the, -. a, a, a, -, -, -. -, a, a.
B.a, the, the, the. a. the. —, —, —. —, —, -, -, —, —.
the? the, the, the, the. a, the.
C.the: —, —, —, —, —, —. —, a. —, a, the. —, —, —. —, —,
—. —. the, the. a, —. a, the. —, —. a, —. —, —, —. —, —! a, -, a,
the, - !
16O.A.a, the, the. the, a. a, -. a, -. -. the, the, -. the,
the. —, the. the, the, the. the, the, the.
B.a, —. the, —, -, —, —. an, the, —. the, —, the. a, —,
the, a. a, the. the, the. -. the, the, -, -, -. -, -, -, the. the,
a, a, the, -, -.
C.the, —. the, a. the, an, a. the, —. —. the, the. the. the,
a, the. -. the. the, -. a! the, a. the, the, the.
162.1.the 2.the 3.the, the 4.a (the) 5.a (the) 6.an (the)
7.a (the) 8.the 9.the lO.the 11.a (the) 12.an (the) 13.the
14.-, - 15.the, the 16.- 17.a, a, a, a. 18.the 19.the 2O.the
21.an, a, the.
274

163.1.The postmark first appeared in England in 1840.
2.The onion is the symbol of Bermuda. 3.A (The) chameleon is
known for its ability to change its colour. 4.Who invented the tel-
escope? 5.A (the) peacock is one of the most beautiful birds. 6.1
like the ballet very much, but the opera makes me fall asleep. 7.A
(the) stork builds its nest on the roof of houses. 8.The calendar is
a very useful invention. 9.The kangaroo is associated with Aus-
tralia. lO.The azalea can grow practically in any climate. 11.The
blue whale is the biggest animal on the earth. 12.All the insects
have six legs, but the spider has eight. 13.The dragon symbolizes
evil in fairy tales. 14.The computer was first constructed at the
engineering school in Pennsylvania in 1946.15.The transistor
was invented in 1947.The authors got the Nobel Prize for Phys-
ics. 16.The American pronunciation differs from the British one.
17.The circle has neither beginning nor end. 18.Television was
invented by the Scottish engineer John Baird in 1926. 19.The
main means of transport in Amsterdam is the bicycle. 2O.The
dollar is going down again, and the rouble is going up.
166.1.the, -, the 2.the 3.- 4.the 5.the 6.the 7.the 8.-
9.a lO.the ll.the 12.the 13.the H.the 15.the 16.the 17.the
18.- 19.the 20.-
168.1.a 2.a, - З.ап 4.-, - 5.- 6.- 7.a 8.an 9.an lO.a
ll.a. 12.a, 13.-, a 14.a 15-, 16.a 17.- 18.- 19.a 2O.a 21.a
22.a
170.1.pie, ABC; 1,2,3. 2.a pig 3.charity 4.a doornail
5.a bat 6.a partridge 7.a lamb 8.the grave 9.leather 10.butter
11.soot 12.a pig (pitch) 13.a bird 14.a fox
171.1.a, -. a, a 2.the, a. a 3.the, a 4.a 5. -, a(the); -, a,
the 6.a 7.a, an, a, the 8.a, a, the, the 9.the, the lO.the, a, -,
-, - ll.a, the, the 12.a, a 13.a, - 14.the, the, a, a, - 15.the, a, -
16.the, a, the, a 17.the, the, the, a, a, - 18.the, a, -, a, —, —
19.the 2O.the, the, -
275

172.АЛ.a bird 2.the wind З.а fish 4.a fly in a bottle
5.a feather 6.Punch 7.a log 8.the Bank of England 9.a calen-
dar picture lO.a bee ll.a rest 12.1ead 13.bricks H.sin 15.night
16.snow 17.a tortoise 18.a cricket 19.a soldier 20.a bat
2La donkey 22.a mule 23.the hills 24.a fortress 25.a post 26.a lord
Возможна широкая вариативность выбора лексичес-
ких единиц.
173Л.Though this story is as old as the hills, I'd like to
listen to it. 2. She has a big family and that's why from morn-
ing till night she is as busy as a bee. 3.1'd like to be as beautiful
as a calendar picture, to sing like a nightingale, to swim like
a fish. 4.No problem. It's as easy as pie (ABC). 5.Just look!
After this awful quarrel she is sleeping like an innocent child.
6.She is as happy as a bride on her wedding day. 7.Bill wants
his wife to be as quiet as a lamb. 8.Jack built a house which
was as safe as a fortress. 9.Eugene dressed like a London dan-
dy. 10.The holiday was sad, like Christmas without a fir tree
and presents. 11.You are like a second family to me! 12.No,
he won't give up his silly idea. He is as obstinate as a mule.
13.1 can't treat these people with sympathy. They have turned
my life into a mess. 14. Scarlett was in despair when Rhett left
her. 15.-"What's your name?" he asked in a whisper. -
"Sandy," she answered in a low voice. 16.November came. It
was freezing. The water in the lake looked like chilled steel.
17.The kids sat at the back of the car like herrings in a tin.
18.She hissed at the boys like an angry goose.
175.1.the, a 2.the, the 3.the, the 4.the, the 5.the, the, a
6.a, - 7.the, the 8.a, -, the, the 9.the, the, a lO.the, the
11.the, -, the, the 12.a, - 13 a, - 14.a, - 15.the, - 16.the, a
17.the, - 18.the, the 19.the, - 2O.an, -
177.A.l.the, - 2.the, - 3.the, -, - 4.the, -, - 5.the, -
6.the, ~ 7.the, -
В. С 1 no 13: the, - с 14 no 16: the, (a) -
276

178.1.the, the 2. -, the, the 3.a, -, - 4.the, the 5. -.
the 6. -, ~ 7.a, -(a), - 8. -, - 9.the, the 10.the, the, the!
ll.the, the 12. -, the, the 13.the, the, -, - 14.a, the, -
15.the, the, the 16.a, a 17. -, the 18.a, the. the 19.a, the, the,
the 20. -, a, -, - 21. -, the, - 22. -, -, - 23.the, -, the
179.1.We need a box of tiles to repair the roof of the ga-
rage. 2.The heart of (a) woman is unpredictable. 3.You'll find
a big supermarket at the very end of the street. 4.The develop-
ment of science is a contribution to the future of the country.
5.The eyes of a person are the mirror of his soul. 6.There was
a figure of a soldier on the grand piano. 7.The figure of a top
model should be ideal. 8.Every person is the architect of his/
her happiness. 9.1 always have with me a portrait of my son.
10.Are you going to the shop? Will you buy a jar of honey for
me? 11.He took a big mouthful of whisky and choked. 12.To
make this cake I need a tin of condensed milk. 13.The wisdom
of a person depends to a great extent on his life experience.
14. He had a sense of humour, which had always helped him
in hard times. 15.Put a lump of sugar in the tea, but not more.
16.1 need a pretty sum of money to start a business of my
own. 17.The siren of a police car made me give a start.
18.1 won't forget you to the end of my life. 19.Let's go out.
I need a breath of fresh air. 20.Relax, it's not the end of the
world! 21.He rushed there on the wings of love.
181. 1-е, 2-j, 3-g, 4-i, 5-f, 6-d, 7-c, 8-a, 9-h,
10-b.
182.1.We started on our way at the crack of dawn.
3.You are walking on the razor's edge. 3.1 was woken by the
sound of bells. 4.What's the structure of this organization?
5.Linguistics is a science about the structure of the language.
6.The detective is determined to get to the root of the matter.
7.We saw the statue of Venus di Milo in the Louvre. 8.The wheel
of fortune is favourable to me. 9.Every Sunday I watch the
277

programme "The Magic of Fashion". 10.He has the soul of
a poet. 1 l.He is not the hero of my romance. 12.The jacket of
the book is bright (colourful). 13.The interior of the house is
very beautiful. 14.The circle of life is endless. 15.Everything
will be done in the flick of an eyelash. 16.His name is on the
tip of my tongue, but I can't remember it. 17.Could you tell us
the jist of the matter? 18.In the long run, life will show which
of us is right. 19.Though they are identical twins, in character
they are as different as chalk and cheese.
184.1. Day by day the weather is getting better. 2. Day
after day she dreamt of the meeting with him. 3.They live
(are living) soul to soul. 4.An eye for an eye and a tooth for
a tooth. 5. Step by step we are getting nearer to the goal
(aim). 6.We got soaked from head to foot. 7A (the) storm
started and the speed boat was thrown from side to side.
8.The book is so interesting that I know it from cover to
cover. 9.They faced all the difficulties shoulder to shoulder.
10.They came to the meeting arm in arm. 11.She knew that
from start to finish it was a wrong choice. 12.Have you ever
met him face to face? 13.She keeps her money under lock
and key always. 14. Driver and car became one whole.
15.Mother and child are always very close to each other.
16.There should be understanding between father and son.
17.Master and helper worked from morning till night.
18.They are inseparable, like hand and glove. 19.They are
very poor and live from hand to mouth. 20.A lady in red is
dancing with me cheek to cheek. 21. Fast trains connect
Heathrow with Central London from early morning to late
evening. Just for some fifteen minutes.
185.1.in half 2.by night or by day 3.at once, in time 4.on
my mind 5.by chance or by good fortune 6.by hand 7.at sea
8.by name 9.at last 10.on time 11.on sale 12.off-hand 13.in
private 14.in love 15.on foot 16.by air, by ferry, by train 17.in
vain 18.by mistake 19.in mind 20.in court, in bed
278

187.1.a 2.the, - З.а 4.- 5.the б.ап, a 7.the 8.- 9.а Ю.а
П.а 12 the, the, -, - 13.the H.the 15.- 16.the 17.- 18.an
19.a 20.- 21.- 22.the. the
189.1. Many people famous in London were present
at the party: Colonel Hill, Alan Trenton, a banker, Erik
Milton, a (the) famous collector, and others. 2.Ivan Bun-
in, the Nobel Prize Winner, lived in Paris for many years.
З.Не is a famous physicist, an expert in his field. 4.Mickey
Mouse, the famous cartoon character, is loved by all chil-
dren. 5.We were impatiently looking forward to Septem-
ber, the month of our wedding. 6. Jackie, the daughter of a
famous politician, made up her mind to become an ac-
tress. 7.Aunt Sonya and Uncle Anton always send me
wonderful presents for Christmas. 8.The paintings by the
painter Turner are widely exhibited in the National Gal-
lery in London. 9.King George III was a very educated
man. 10.Agatha Christie, "the Queen of the Detective
Story", was an outstanding person. 11."The Queen and I"
- is a witty novel written by Sue Townsend, the famous
English writer. 12.The dog, a huge sheepdog, guarded the
house at night. 13.Jack Watts, a commentator, works on
the BBC. 14.Vladimir Nabokov, the world famous Russian
writer, was the master of style. 15.My neighbour, a tax
officer, often complains that he has a very difficult job.
(His work is very tough.)
191.1.Jeoffrey Chaucer, the founder of English Lite-
rature, lived an interesting life. 2.Edwin Land, a college
student, invented the Polaroid Camera. 3.Levis Strauss,
a German emigrant, is the creator of the trousers, which
were named after him. 4.The vase, a real work of art, was
brought from the East by my Grandfather. 5.King Arthur is
often compared with the Tsar Peter the Great. 6.Lawrence
Guilberg, the governor of the district, set new rules for
hunters. 7.Colonel Juliani, an experienced detective, is
279

investigating this strange matter. 8.Christian Thomas, the
manager of our department, is late every day. 9.Mr. Pea-
cock, a dietician, often says that we are what we eat.
10.Could you tell me who is President of the Dominican
Republic? 11. Kiwi, a tropical fruit, is rich in vitamin С
12. Sheila, a nurse, was doing her work professionally.
13.Professor Thomson, Dean of the Department of Eng-
lish Literature, works in Oxford. 14.The Queen Mother
had a meeting with the correspondents.
195.1.- 1; 2.- 1; 3.- 1; 4-1; 5.-2; 6.- 1; 7.- 2; 8.- 1;
9.- 1; 10.- 1; 11.- 1; 12.- 1; 13.- 2; 14.- 1; 15.- 1; 16.- 1;
17.- 2;18.- 2; 19.- 2; 20.- 1.
196.1.-, - 2.the 3.-, - 4.- 5.-, - 6.a 7.a 8.- 9.-, -
10.-, - ll.a 12.a 13.an 14.-, - 15.a 16.- 17.- 18.-, -, -
19.a 2O.an
197.A.1.-2; 2.-1; 3.-1; 4.-2; 5.-1; 6.-1; 7.-1; 8.-1;
9.-2; 10.-2; 11.—1; 12.-2; 13.-1; 14.-1; 15.-2.
B.I.He looked at her face (her in the face), and under-
stood everything. 2.The expression of his face changed sud-
denly. 3.We should unite in the face of hardships. 4.She took
the child by the hand and led him across the street. 5.Hang
this picture over the head. 6.1 felt a sudden pain in the side.
7.He kissed her on the cheek and they parted. 8.If a man is
getting drowned, he must be saved by the hair, not by the
hand. 9. They walked hand in hand. 10.The general had a pis-
tol in his hand. 11. He was wounded in the head and often
suffers from headaches. 12. Sleep is very important for the
nervous system of a person.
199.1.the 2.the 3.the, the 4.the, the, the 5.the, the 6.a,
a 7.the, the, the, the 8.the 9.the lO.the, the 11.-, - 12.the,
the 13.the H.the 15.a 16.the 17.-, - 18.a 19.the 2O.the. the.
the 21.the
280

201.
Название
страны
Russia
Britain
China
America
Hungary
Finland
Spain
Turkey
Scotland
Holland
Прилага-
тельное
Russian
British
Chinese
American
rian
Finnish
Spanish
Turkish
Scottish
Dutch
Националь-
ность
a Russian
a Briton
an English-
man
(English-
woman)
a Chinese
an
American
a Hunga-
rian
a Finn
a Spaniard
a Turk
a Scot,
a Scots-
man
a Dutch-
man
Жители
страны
(the)
Russians
the British
(English
people)
the
Chinese
(the)
Americans
the
Hungarians
the Finns
the Spanish
the Turks
the Scots
the Dutch
Название
языка
Russian
English
Chinese
English
rian
Finnish
Spanish
Turkish
Scottish
Dutch
281

Окончание таблицы
Название
страны
Denmark
Egypt
Sweden
Israel
Belgium
Portugal
Australia
the Czech
Republic
Saudi
Arabia
Poland
Прилага-
тельное
Danish
Egyptian
Swedish
Israeli
Belgian
guese
Australian
Czech
Saudi
Polish
Националь-
ность
a Dane
an Egyptian
a Swede
an Israeli
a Belgian
a Portu-
guese
an
Australian
a Czech
a Saudi
a Pole
Жители
страны
the Danes
the
Egyptians
the Swedes
the Israelis
the
Belgians
the
Portuguese
the
Australians
the Czechs
the Saudis
the Poles
Название
языка
Danish
Arabic
Swedish
Hebrew
Dutch,
French,
German
guese
English
Czech
Arabic
Polish
282

202.1 - 4; 2 - 10; 3 - 1; 4 - 3; 5 ~ 8; 6 - 2; 7 - 7;
8 - 5; 9 - 6; 10 - 9.
203.1.The Japanese are more industrious than the Eng-
lish. 2.The more snow, the better for the crops. 3.Americans
are less formal than Europeans. 4. Most Danes speak good
English, but you can't say it about the French. 5.Don't speak
ill (badly) of the absent. 6.My house is the third to the right.
You really can't miss it. 7.The stronger the storm, the sooner
it will pass. 8.The experienced know that experience is the
best teacher. 9.A11 over the world dogs are used for detecting
explosives and drugs. 10.Don is the taller of the two brothers.
11.My neighbour works at a school for deaf and dumb. 12.The
Scots love their mountainous country. 13.1 am a cosmopoli-
tan, though I am a conservative. 14.He wears clothes of a qui-
et grey. 15.1 had a cup of tea, then a second, a third, and only
after the fourth I understood that I was no longer thirsty.
16.The Japanese live longer than other peoples.
204. I. 1.Germany 2.Norway 3.Hungary 4.Greece
5.Wales
II. 1.Dutch, a Dutchman 2.Chinese, a Chinese 3.Iraqi,
an Iraqi 4.Swiss, a Swiss 5.Sudanese, a Sudanese 6.Belgian,
a Belgian 7.Turkish, a Turk, 8.Spanish, a Spaniard 9.Danish,
a Dane.
HI. 1.Spanish 2.Portuguese 3.Arabic 4.French, Italian,
Swiss and German 5.Greek and Turkish
205.1.- Will eight o'clock be all right with you? - Yes,
the earlier, the better. 2.Even for the most intelligent and ex-
perienced it's a very difficult job. 3.Let's forget all the worst
and hope for the best. 4.There came an explosion, then a sec-
ond, and a third and silence fell again. 5.It's very unwise to
accuse the young. The old must try to understand them.
6.These offensive words touched her to the quick. 7.We all
hope that the answer will be in the positive. 8.The forecast
283

promises that the weather at last will be changing for the bet-
ter. 9.My brother is an incurable romantic. He believes in the
best in people. 10.A year passed, then a second, but there
were still no letters. 11.The Swiss often say that life in Swit-
zerland is very dull. 12.The sky was a pale-blue, and the sea -
a dark green. 13.The Dutch live in Holland and they speak
Dutch. 14.We were sitting in the cool of our secret garden and
were enjoying the quiet of the evening. 15.— What serial are
you watching? — "The Bold and the Beautiful". 16.Now this
theatre is staging F. Dostoevsky's novel "The Possessed".
Last year they staged "The Insulted and the Humiliated".
206.
Across. 1. beautiful 6. sauce 9. upper 10. suspended
11. frightened 12. grin 14. nannies 15. sterile 17. creches
19. breaths 20. lamb 22. considered 25. commanded
26. nasal 27. sidle 28. dispenses.
Down. 1. bluff 2. appliance 3. torchlight 4. fastens
5. listens 6. step 7. under 8. endangers 13. dependence
14. necklaces 16. interests 18. scolded 19. besides 21. mimed
23. dolls 24. late.
2O7.an. -. a. the. a, a, the, the. -, -. a? the. a? a, an!
the? a; a, a; the, the. -, a. a. the, a! a. the, the, -, a, the. the.
-, a, the? a! a? -, -, -.
209.
Thumbellina
Once upon a time there lived a woman and she had no
children. And she wanted to have a baby very much. She went
to an old witch for advice, and the woman gave her a grain
and told her to plant it in a pot. The woman did as she had
been told. In a few days a wonderful flower, quite like a tulip,
appeared. The woman touched the flower, and it suddenly
opened and what a miracle! There was a tiny girl sitting inside
the flower. She was the size of a thumb and the woman
284

named her "Thumbellina". The woman was on cloud nine
with happiness.
One night a big and ugly frog got into the house through
the window. "What a good wife for my son she'll make,"
thought the frog, seized the bed with the girl and jumped
through the window into the garden. Thumbellina woke up
early in the morning and found herself sitting on a leaf in the
very middle of the river. The old frog showed her son to
Thumbellina and said, "Here is my son! He'll be a wonderful
husband for you." But Thumbellina didn't want to get married
to the frog's son.
The small fish saw and heard everything and they were
very sorry for the lovely girl. "What a cute, tiny girl! But she
mustn't get married to such an ugly creature as a frog." Sud-
denly a Maybug flew by. He seized Thumbellina and flew with
her to the top of a tree. There he gave her some flower juice
and told her that he liked her very much, though she didn't
look like a Maybug at all. Then other bugs flew there and said,
that the girl was ugly, because she had only two legs and
looked like a human being very much. After that the Maybug,
who had brought Thumbellina, didn't want to keep her any
longer. He put her on a big daisy and flew away.
All through the summer Thumbellina lived in the forest,
but the summer came to an end, autumn came, and it was
followed by winter. The girl was shivering like an aspen leaf.
Then she decided to leave the forest and look for some shelter
for the winter. There was a big field behind the forest. There
she found the hole of a field-mouse. The field-mouse lived
perfectly: she had a warm house and a lot of tasty food. The
girl asked her for a grain, and the kind old woman fed her and
left her in her house.
210.
Thumbellina
Once a week a neighbour visited the old woman, an old
rich mole. He had a big house and a very beautiful fur-coat.
285

The mole was completely blind, because he had never seen
the sun. The girl was made to sing for the important guest.
She was singing like a bird and the mole fell in love with her
at once.
One day the girl found a dead swallow not far from the
hole. She put her head to the bird's breast and heard the beat-
ing of its heart. The swallow was alive! All the winter Thum-
bellina took care of the bird: brought water for her and
warmed her. Spring came and the swallow was going to fly
away. It invited the girl to go together, but the girl didn't want
to leave the kind old mouse. Summer was over and then
autumn came again.
The day of the wedding was coming. But Thumbellina
didn't want to get married to the boring mole. She came out
into the field to look at the sun and the flowers for the last
time and, what a surprise! She saw the swallow. The bird was
also very happy to see the girl. The girl told the bird that she
didn't want to live deep under the ground with the mole.
And they decided to fly to warm countries. The swallow
went up like an arrow and flew to the south. It made a stop on
the shore of the Mediterranean Sea. The sky was blue there,
the sun was shining, lemons and oranges grew everywhere
and big beautiful butterflies were flying from flower to flower.
There stood a beautiful white palace on the seashore.
There were a lot of bird's nests on the roof. The swallow lived
in one of them. "-Choose the most beautiful flower, and it will
become your home," it said. The girl was happy. She chose a
big white flower. But what a wonder! A small human-being was
sitting in it. He had a pair of wings on his shoulders, and a
small gold crown on his head. He was the same size as Thum-
bellina. He was the King of Elves. He got happy at seeing
Thumbellina, he had never yet seen such a beautiful girl. "Dear
Thumbellina," said the elf, "Would you like to become my
wife?" And Thumbellina agreed at once. She got a lot of
presents. The best gift was a pair of wings. Now Thumbellina
could fly too. What great fun it was! And the swallow sang songs
286

to the elves all through the warm winter, and when s%ing
came to cold'countries, it was ready to fly home - to Denmark.
There she had a small nest right above the window of the man,
who was a great story-teller. The swallow told him about
Thumbellina, and it was from him that we learned this story.
{after H. С Andersen)
211.1.the, the. the, the. the, a. 2.the, the, a. the, the.
the. an. a, a. the. the. a. the, the, the, the, a. the. the, —, a.
3.the. the. a. a, the. the. the! the. the. a, the. the. 4.the, the,
the, the. the.
212.1.a. a, the. the, the, a, a, the. a, the, the. the, a.
the, a, the. a! the, the, the. 2.the, the, the, the, the. the; the,
a, the. a, the. the, a, the, the. the, a?
214. La. —, the, the, a, the(an). —, —. the. a. the, the,
the.
II. the, the, an, a, —, a, —, a, a, an. the, the, the, a, the.
-(a), a, the.
III. an, the. a, the, the, -, an, a, the. a, the, a, the.
IV. an. a. the. a, —, the, the, the. the, the, the.
215.
My Day
The day started wonderfully. I woke up early in the
morning. The sun was shining brightly through the window.
The birds were singing in the garden. "What a wonderful
day!" I thought. "A day off! What a joy!" I got up, made my
bed and went to the bathroom. I always take a shower in the
morning, and late in the evening I have a bath. I put on my
jeans and a shirt and went to the kitchen. In half an hour
I had breakfast. It was a light breakfast, but so tasty! Toasts
with jam and honey, a cup of hot coffee with milk, a piece of
Swiss cheese. I turned on the radio: beautiful music was being
broadcast(ed).
287

After breakfast I decided to have a rest: I lay on the di-
van with my favourite newspaper "Arguments and Facts".
I always prefer to learn about the latest news from papers, and
not from the telly. And the news was so interesting: the Japa-
nese have invented a new electronic toy; a British airplane was
hijacked to the Arab Emirates by a band of terrorists; the
Dutch have grown up a new kind of the tulip; a group of
Swedes has reached the highest peak of Middle Asia - Eve-
rest; the tiger is in danger of extinction and needs protection;
the Government again is promising to help the poor, the sick
and the old.
An hour passed. The telephone rang.
My friend, a young artist, invited me to the Tretyakov
Picture Gallery, and then to a dinner in a restaurant. We had
been at school together and then had served in the Army.
I took the invitation willingly, as I hadn't seen my friend for
a long time. To tell the truth, I am a sociable person and enjoy
meeting my friends, talking with them and dining in a not
very expensive restaurant. I got to the centre of the city by
taxi, got out in Pyatnitskaya Street and walked to the Gallery.
The exposition was amazing. Most of all I liked the paintings
by Ivanov, Vrubel, Polenov, the Russian painters of the end of
the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century.
The dinner at the Prague restaurant was excellent: an
exotic salad, Czech Borsch, fish in sauce, a bottle of white
wine. A group of musicians was performing Russian and fo-
reign songs. We had a lovely time. The day was coming to an
end. A warm spring evening came. We slowly walked to the
Alexandrovsky Garden, then to Manez Square, past the
Kremlin and the Rossia Hotel. And here we parted, after
promising each other to meet again in a fortnight.
Тест 2.
l.the, -, a 2.the, the, the З.ап, the, the 4.-, the, -
5.the, - 6.—, —, —, a 7.the, a, a, the 8.a. the, a 9.the, the, the,
- lO.a, the 11.-, the, a 12.the, -, -. - 13.-! the, a H.the,
288

the 15.the, the, a 16.-, the, the 17.the, the, a, the 18.-,
the,- 19.a, the, the, - 2O.an, -, - 21.the, the, the 22.a, a, a
23.a, -(a), a 24.the, the, a. 25.the, a, -
Тест 3.
1.-, the, a 2.a, -, a 3.a, the, - 4.-, a, -, - 5.a, the.
the, the 6.the, the, the 7.the, a, - 8.-, the 9.-, the, - lO.the,
a, - 11.-, a 12.-, the, -, the 13.a, the, the, the 14.-, the, -
15.the, a, - 16.-, a, - 17.a, the, the, the, the, - 18.the, the,
-, - 19.-, the, an 2O.the, a, the 21.the, a, - 22.a, a, a 23.a,
the, - 24.a. -, -, a 25.-, the, a
Тест 4.
l.an, a, a, a (the) 2.the, the, a 3.the, the, a, the, the
4.the. a 5.the, the, — 6.the, a, the, a, the 7.a, a. 8.a, the, the, —
9.the, a, the lO.a, -, -. 11.-! the! 12.the, the, the, the, -
13.the, a, —, — 14.the, a, the 15.the, a, —, — 16.a, —, a
17.a, a 18.the, the. a 19.a, a, a 2O.the, a, a 21.the, the, a, the
22.the, a! a! 23.-, a, -, the, - 24.the, the 25.a, the, the, a
Тест 5.
1.-, a, the 2.-, the, the, the, the 3.the, the, the 4.the,
the, a (the), the, -, - 5.the, the, the, -, - 6.-, the, the
7.the, the, an (the), an 8.a, a, the 9.a, the lO.the, a, the, —, —
11.-, the. the 12.a, a (the), the, the 13.a, -, a 14.a, the, a
15.a, the, the 16.a, a, a, the 17.the, the, the, the, the 18.the,
the, -, the, -, the, - 19.the, -, the, the, a 2O.the, the, the,
the, a 21.the, a, the 22.the, a, the 23.a, the, an, a, a 24.the, -
, the, -, -, -, - 25.the, a, a
Тест 6. Why I Like England
l.the, —: —, —. —, —, —, —, the. 2.a, the. the, —, a. 3.the,
the, a. the, the, —. 4.—, the. a, —, a, the, —. 5.the, —, —, —, a,
an. 6.the, the, -. a, the. a, the. a, a, -. 7.the, the; -, the, a,
the, -. 8.a, -: -, -, -, -, -, -. 9.a, an. the. a, a, -.
289

Тест 7. Adrian Mole in Moscow
l.the, —, a,—. —, a. a, a,—. —, the, the. the, the, the. a,
-, -, -. -, the, the, the. 2.the. a, the. the. a (the). -. the, the,
a, the. 3.the. —, a. —, the, the. the, the, the, the, the, —. 4.the,
a, -. —. —, ~. the, the, the, the. 5.a. the. —. the, a. the, the. a,
the, a. the. —. the. 6.the, —. the, the, the.
Тест 8. Adrian Mole's Christmas
l.the, a. the, the. 2.the, the: -, -, -. -. -. a, the.
3.the, -. 4.a. the. the. the, the. a. 5.the. -, -, the. -. the,
the, a. the, —. the, a, the, a. 6.the, a, a, the, -. —, —, —.
Тест 9. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory
l.a, (the) -, a, the, a. the, the, a. -. the, -, -. the, -.
2 a, -. the, the, a. -, -, the, -, a. 3 the, an! 5.the, the, -.
a,-,-, the. 6 the? the, the. the, the, the! the! the! 7.the. the,
the, the, the, the. 8.the, a. 9.the, a. a, —, — the, a. the, the.
the, the, an! — ! lO.the, the, an! a, a. —, the. the, the. the. the,
the, the, a, -. the, a, a, -, -. the, a (the), the. ll.a, the. a,
the. the. the!
Тест 10. A Martian Comes to Stay
l.the, a, the. a, the, a, the, a, a? an. a. the, the, an. the,
the. a. a. 2.a, a. a, the. the. the, the. the. the, a, -. 3.the. the,
a, an? the. a. the? 4.the, an. the, the, the, a. -. the, —. the,
the. —. the, a. the. the. 5.—, a, the. a, the, a, a,-, a. the, an, -
. the, the, the, the, a. a. an. the. a. a. a! an. 6.the. the. the, a.
a. the. a. a, —. 7.the. a, —. the. —, a. the. the. the. the. 8.a,
the. the, the, a,—, a,—,—. 9.the. a. a, a. the. the.
Тест 11. Matilda — the Great Reader of Books
l.a, -, -. the, the, a. 2.the, the. -, -, the. 3.the. a, a,
the, a. a. a. a, the, the. the, a. the, a. 4.the, the, the. the. the,
the, -, -, the, -. 5.a? a? a? 6.the? a, a. 7.the. -, -, -. the,
the, a, the, the. the, a. a, a. the, the. the. 8.—, the. —? the, a. a.
-. the. 9.the, the, a, a. the, the. a, the. the. lO.the, a. -, -,
290

-. 11.-, -.the. the, the. a. the, -. 12.the, a, -, the. a, -. the,
—, -. —, —. the, an.
Тест 12. The Great Mushroom Mistake
l.a. the. the, a. a, a, the. 2.the, the. a, the. 3.a, the,
the, the, the. the, a! a! 4.—. a, an. 5.the, the, a. the, the, the.
the, the. 6.the, a. the, the, the, a, -, the. the, the, -. 7.the,
the, the. the. -, -. the. 8.the, the, the. the, the, the. 9.the.
-, the, the, the, the. the, -. the, the. the. lO.the, the. the,
the, the. the, the. the. the. ll.the, -, -, -. a, -, a. 12.-, a.
a, the. 13 an, the. a. a? 14.the, the. a, a, the. the, —. the, the.
a. a. the. the, a. the. the. the. the, —. a. a. a. the, a, a. 15 an.
the, the, the, the, the, the. 16.the, the, the, a. the. a. the,
the. a, a, -. the, -. the, the, the, -. 17.the, the. the, the.
the, -, an, —. the, the, the.
Тест 13. A Flock of Gryphons
l.a, the, a, a. 2.-, —. —. the. —, the; —. the. the, the,
the, the, the. a, -, the, -. З.ап, a, the, -, -, -. the, -, -.
4.a, the, a. the. a. an, the. the. the. the. the. the. the, a. an, a,
a. 5.the. 6.the, the, a, —. the, the, a. a. 7.the, an, a, —, a,
the. a, —. 8.the, an, the, the, a. a, the. the. —. the. the. the;
the. the, a, a, the, the, the. 9.the, a, an, an, the, the. a, the.
the, the. lO.the, the. ll.the, the. the, -, —, a, —, a, the, a,
the, -, —. a. the. 12.a, —, the. —. the. the, —. the, a, —, the,
the, the. the, -. a. 13.the, the, a, the, a. H.the, a, the, -, a,
—. 15.the, a. 16.the, a, the. 17.the, a, a, an, the, a, —. a, an.
18.the. a, the, the, the. the. -. the; -. the, the. the, the, the.
the, the, the. the. the. the. 19.the, the, the. -, the, the, -,
the. -. 2O.a. -, the. the, a.

Список использованной литературы
1. В. Bradford. Remember. Ballantine Book, 1991.
2. Jon Carlisle. In the World of Science. Barren's, 1992.
3. W. Cross. In the World of Geography. Barren's, 1991.
4. R. Dahl. Danny, the Champion of the World. Puffin
Books, 1975.
5. R. Dahl. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. 1973.
6. R. Dahl. Matilda. Puffin Books, 1989.
7. P. Lively. Uninvited Ghosts. Mammoth, 1992.
8. A. A. Milne. Now We Are Six. Mammoth, 1995.
9. Clement Moore. A Visit From St. Nicholas.
10. I. Murdoch. The Sea, The Sea. Triad, Granada, 1978.
11. А. С. Пушкин. Сказки.
12. E. Roberts. Xenophobe's Guide to the Russians. 1993.
13. J.Rowling. Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone. 1998.
14. Andy Seamans. In the World of Nature. Barren's, 1992.
15. Sue Townsend. True Confessions of Adrian Albert Mole.
Teens, 1989.
16. M. Webb. Knock Three Times. Wordsworth Classics,
1994.

Содержание
Предисловие . 3
Дорогой читатель! 5
Часть первая
ТЕОРИЯ. АРТИКЛЬ И ИМЯ СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ • 8
I. Основные случаи употребления
неопределенного и определенного артиклей
§1. Неопределенный артикль 10
§2. Определенный артикль 16
§3. Артикли с неисчисляемыми
(вещественными и абстрактными)
именами существительными 20
§4. Расположение артиклей 26
II. Традиционное и контекстно-ситуативное
употребление артиклей
§5. Употребление артиклей с именами собственными 28
§6. Артикли с уникальными именами
существительными 36
§7. Артикли с существительными school, college,
university, bed, town, home, church, hospital,
prison, jail 38
§8. Артикли с существительными, обозначающими
приемы пищи {breakfast, brunch, lunch, dinner, tea,
supper, meat) 39
§9. Артикли с существительными, обозначающими
части суток и времена года {sunrise, dawn, morning,
noon, daytime, afternoon, dusk, twilight, sunset,
evening, nightfall, night, midnight, winter, spring,
summer, autumn) 40
§10. Артикли с существительными, выражающими
родовое понятие, изобретения, жанры, термины .... 42
293

§11. Артикли в выражениях с предлогами
in, with, like, as 43
§12. Артикли в словосочетаниях с предлогом of 45
§13. Отсутствие артикля в ряде выражений,
вводимых предлогами 46
§14. Артикли с существительными в функции
приложения и предикатива (части составного
именного сказуемого) 47
§15. Артикли с субстантивированными частями речи .... 49
Часть вторая
УПРАЖНЕНИЯ • 53
I. Основные случаи употребления
неопределенного и определенного артиклей
§1. Неопределенный артикль 53
§2. Определенный артикль 76
§3. Артикли с неисчисляемыми именами
существительными 98
§4. Расположение артикля 110
Проверьте себя 111
II. Традиционное и контекстно-ситуативное
употребление артиклей
§5. Употребление артиклей с именами собственными .... 123
§6. Артикли с уникальными именами
существительными 145
§7. Артикли с существительными school, college,
university, bed, town, home, church, hospital,
prison, jail 152
§8. Артикли с существительными, обозначающими
приемы пищи 155
§9. Артикли с существительными, обозначающими
время суток и времена года 160
Проверьте себя 168
294

§10. Артикли с существительными, выражающими
родовое понятие, изобретения, жанры, термины.... 173
§11. Артикли в выражениях с предлогами
in, with, like, as 178
§12. Артикли в словосочетаниях с предлогом of 184
§13. Отсутствие артикля в ряде выражений,
вводимых предлогами 190
§14. Артикли с существительными в функции
приложения и предикатива 193
Проверьте себя 199
§15. Артикли с субстантивированными
частями речи 205
Проверьте себя 210
Тестовые задания на все случаи
употребления артиклей 222
Ответы к упражнениям и тестам 247
Список использованной литературы 292

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